Carrel name: keyword-covid-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-covid-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.json key: cord-010585-hasoaa0k authors: Szekely, Yishay; Lichter, Yael; Shrkihe, Bander Abu; Bruck, Hila; Oster, Howard S.; Viskin, Sami title: Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-05 journal: Heart Rhythm DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.046 sha: doc_id: 10585 cord_uid: hasoaa0k file: cache/cord-010658-67k8pthy.json key: cord-010658-67k8pthy authors: Bernard, Andie title: PC-FACS May 2020 for July 2020 Issue date: 2020-05-07 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 10658 cord_uid: 67k8pthy file: cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.json key: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 authors: Lei, Pinggui; Fan, Bing; Mao, Jujiang; Wang, Pingxian title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.016 sha: doc_id: 10540 cord_uid: 0zkc5w74 file: cache/cord-011793-hlktpla4.json key: cord-011793-hlktpla4 authors: Rice, Todd W.; Janz, David R. title: In Defense of Evidence-based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-07-17 journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202004-325ip sha: doc_id: 11793 cord_uid: hlktpla4 file: cache/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.json key: cord-009749-mdkuf5bd authors: Dobran, Mauro; Paracino, Riccardo; Iacoangeli, Maurizio title: Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding “Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.” Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w date: 2020-04-17 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04332-7 sha: doc_id: 9749 cord_uid: mdkuf5bd file: cache/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.json key: cord-011402-sk4tgdf8 authors: Low, Tze-Yi; Hartman, Mikael; Chee, Corissa Yi Juan; Mohankumar, Bhuvaneshwari; Ang, Sophia Bee Leng; San, Moe Thu; Shabbir, Asim; Madhavan, Krishnakumar; So, Jimmy Bok Yan title: Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore date: 2020-05-15 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 11402 cord_uid: sk4tgdf8 file: cache/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.json key: cord-012010-5h2ox3hu authors: Bos, Lieuwe D.J.; Sinha, Pratik; Dickson, Robert P. title: Response to “COVID-19 conundrum: Clinical phenotyping based on pathophysiology as a promising approach to guide therapy in a novel illness” and “Strengthening the foundation of the house of CARDS by phenotyping on the fly” and “COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading?” date: 2020-08-03 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02756-2020 sha: doc_id: 12010 cord_uid: 5h2ox3hu file: cache/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.json key: cord-013269-u1e0kzmm authors: Cucinotta, Domenico title: Primum non nocere (first do no harm). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest in Italy date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9624 sha: doc_id: 13269 cord_uid: u1e0kzmm file: cache/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.json key: cord-011656-zln7zmn9 authors: Subedi, Asish title: Medical Ethics Versus Healthcare Workers’ Rights: Fight-or-Flee Response date: 2020-06-16 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005060 sha: doc_id: 11656 cord_uid: zln7zmn9 file: cache/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.json key: cord-011620-f3uw74w7 authors: Tokuç, Burcu; Varol, Gamze title: Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Balkan Med J DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.4.003 sha: doc_id: 11620 cord_uid: f3uw74w7 file: cache/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.json key: cord-024002-ag5by3k2 authors: Sánchez-Recalde, Ángel; Solano-López, Jorge; Miguelena-Hycka, Javier; Martín-Pinacho, Jesús Javier; Sanmartín, Marcelo; Zamorano, José L title: COVID-19 y shock cardiogénico: diferentes formas de presentación cardiovascular con alta mortalidad date: 2020-04-27 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 24002 cord_uid: ag5by3k2 file: cache/cord-011844-eplgwnem.json key: cord-011844-eplgwnem authors: Hooshmandi, Etrat; Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin title: The Case Is Much More Baffling than We Think date: 2020-06-02 journal: Eur Neurol DOI: 10.1159/000508598 sha: doc_id: 11844 cord_uid: eplgwnem file: cache/cord-012587-h3c9novk.json key: cord-012587-h3c9novk authors: Bos, Lieuwe D. J.; Paulus, Frederique; Vlaar, Alexander P. J.; Beenen, Ludo F. M.; Schultz, Marcus J. title: Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management date: 2020-09-17 journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202004-376rl sha: doc_id: 12587 cord_uid: h3c9novk file: cache/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.json key: cord-024348-nw3a0qco authors: Béland, Daniel; Lecours, André; Paquet, Mireille; Tombe, Trevor title: A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s0008423920000323 sha: doc_id: 24348 cord_uid: nw3a0qco file: cache/cord-024081-19wk56an.json key: cord-024081-19wk56an authors: Kalla, Ismail S.; Laher, Abdullah title: COVID-19: The Concept of Herd Immunity – Is It A Strategy for South Africa? date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia7 sha: doc_id: 24081 cord_uid: 19wk56an file: cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.json key: cord-021146-wdnnjlcw authors: Jandrić, Petar title: Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date: 2020-03-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8 sha: doc_id: 21146 cord_uid: wdnnjlcw file: cache/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.json key: cord-011808-ev7qv94b authors: Sfeir, Maroun M title: Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa066 sha: doc_id: 11808 cord_uid: ev7qv94b file: cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.json key: cord-024078-d34e31zd authors: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia6 sha: doc_id: 24078 cord_uid: d34e31zd file: cache/cord-013212-lx614fy4.json key: cord-013212-lx614fy4 authors: Nobel, Yael R.; Freedberg, Daniel E. title: Reply to GASTRO-D-20-01179 date: 2020-10-14 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.014 sha: doc_id: 13212 cord_uid: lx614fy4 file: cache/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.json key: cord-011663-3ggah1y1 authors: Haider, Najmul; Yavlinsky, Alexei; Kock, Richard title: Response to ‘Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa’ (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) date: 2020-06-10 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001211 sha: doc_id: 11663 cord_uid: 3ggah1y1 file: cache/cord-023988-u60l07jv.json key: cord-023988-u60l07jv authors: Bao, Yinyin; Bossion, Amaury; Brambilla, Davide; Buriak, Jillian M.; Cai, Kang; Chen, Long; Cooley, Joya A.; Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Dagdelen, John M.; Fenniri, Miriam Z.; Horton, Matthew K.; Joshi, Hrishikesh; Khau, Brian V.; Kupgan, Grit; La Pierre, Henry S.; Rao, Chengcheng; Rosales, Adrianne M.; Wang, Dong; Yan, Qifan title: Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: Chem Mater DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01624 sha: doc_id: 23988 cord_uid: u60l07jv file: cache/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.json key: cord-012897-n5ujh4qg authors: Barrett, Tessa J.; Lee, Angela H.; Xia, Yuhe; Lin, Lawrence H.; Black, Margaret; Cotzia, Paolo; Hochman, Judith; Berger, Jeffrey S. title: Platelet and Vascular Biomarkers Associate With Thrombosis and Death in Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-06 journal: Circ Res DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317803 sha: doc_id: 12897 cord_uid: n5ujh4qg file: cache/cord-022175-h83aed9u.json key: cord-022175-h83aed9u authors: Zhang, Hui; Long, Hai; Ma, Lin; Wang, Gang; Mu, Qi-Ri; Ran, Yu-Ping; Liu, Quan-Zhong; Xiao, Sheng-Xiang; Zhang, Xue-Jun; Zhang, Jian-Zhong; Zhang, Fu-Ren; He, Li; Chen, Ai-Jun; Chen, Xiang; Zheng, Jie; Yang, Rong-Ya; Yao, Zhi-Rong; Tu, Ping; Li, Yu-Zhen; Gao, Xing-Hua; Xu, Jin-Hua; Gu, Heng; Cheng, Bo; Lai, Wei; Lu, Qian-Jin title: Consensus on Pre-examination and Triage in Clinic of Dermatology During Outbreak of COVID-19 From Chinese Experts(#) date: 2020-03-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000084 sha: doc_id: 22175 cord_uid: h83aed9u file: cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.json key: cord-024564-ff5ex004 authors: Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco; Nunes, Carla; Abrantes, Alexandre title: Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date: 2020-04-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1159/000507587 sha: doc_id: 24564 cord_uid: ff5ex004 file: cache/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.json key: cord-012898-1jl6zcwa authors: Schäfer, Sarah K.; Sopp, M. Roxanne; Schanz, Christian G.; Staginnus, Marlene; Göritz, Anja S.; Michael, Tanja title: Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense of Coherence date: 2020-08-18 journal: Psychother Psychosom DOI: 10.1159/000510752 sha: doc_id: 12898 cord_uid: 1jl6zcwa file: cache/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.json key: cord-013035-7sfj0czv authors: Savinelli, Stefano; McCarthy, Cormac; Mallon, Patrick W. title: Reply date: 2020-09-20 journal: Respirology DOI: 10.1111/resp.13940 sha: doc_id: 13035 cord_uid: 7sfj0czv file: cache/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.json key: cord-024782-ffl4qtmb authors: Schmitt, Willian; Marchiori, Edson title: Covid-19: round and oval areas of ground-glass opacity date: 2020-05-14 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.011 sha: doc_id: 24782 cord_uid: ffl4qtmb file: cache/cord-024956-oht0v33s.json key: cord-024956-oht0v33s authors: Yu, Minhua; Xu, Dan; Lan, Lan; Tu, Mengqi; Liao, Rufang; Cai, Shuhan; Cao, Yiyuan; Xu, Liying; Liao, Meiyan; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xiao, Shu-Yuan; Li, Yirong; Xu, Haibo title: Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease date: 2020-04-23 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200126 sha: doc_id: 24956 cord_uid: oht0v33s file: cache/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.json key: cord-024935-22jvb4i7 authors: Kundu, Shinjini; Elhalawani, Hesham; Gichoya, Judy W.; Kahn, Charles E. title: How Might AI and Chest Imaging Help Unravel COVID-19’s Mysteries? date: 2020-05-06 journal: Radiol Artif Intell DOI: 10.1148/ryai.2020200053 sha: doc_id: 24935 cord_uid: 22jvb4i7 file: cache/cord-025886-259357pg.json key: cord-025886-259357pg authors: Mehrotra, Sanjay; Rahimian, Hamed; Barah, Masoud; Luo, Fengqiao; Schantz, Karolina title: A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1002/nav.21905 sha: doc_id: 25886 cord_uid: 259357pg file: cache/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.json key: cord-012903-fdl1d8as authors: Kundi, Harun; Balcı, Mustafa Mücahit; Güngörer, Bülent; Yeşiltepe, Metin; Coşkun, Nazım; Sürel, Aziz Ahmet title: Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey date: 2020-07-27 journal: Anatol J Cardiol DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.70206 sha: doc_id: 12903 cord_uid: fdl1d8as file: cache/cord-024634-ciuynofm.json key: cord-024634-ciuynofm authors: DOBBS, Mary title: National Governance of Public Health Responses in a Pandemic? date: 2020-04-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.39 sha: doc_id: 24634 cord_uid: ciuynofm file: cache/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.json key: cord-024005-rsnf1ib0 authors: Paquet, Mireille; Schertzer, Robert title: COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s0008423920000281 sha: doc_id: 24005 cord_uid: rsnf1ib0 file: cache/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.json key: cord-026340-2nf97zvc authors: Singh, Ranjana; Vijayan, Viji title: Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario date: 2020-06-07 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00114-w sha: doc_id: 26340 cord_uid: 2nf97zvc file: cache/cord-026371-5jrvkk60.json key: cord-026371-5jrvkk60 authors: Craighead, Christopher W.; Ketchen, David J.; Darby, Jessica L. title: Pandemics and Supply Chain Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox date: 2020-05-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/deci.12468 sha: doc_id: 26371 cord_uid: 5jrvkk60 file: cache/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.json key: cord-024080-eh3ztsv5 authors: Dheda, Keertan; Jaumdally, Shameem; Davids, Malika; Chang, Ju-Wei; Gina, Phindile; Pooran, Anil; Makambwa, Edson; Esmail, Ali; Vardas, Eftyxia; Preiser, Wolfgang title: Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia1 sha: doc_id: 24080 cord_uid: eh3ztsv5 file: cache/cord-024130-kgzegwon.json key: cord-024130-kgzegwon authors: Ankita; Kaur, Apjit; Saxena, Shailendra K. title: COVID-19: An Ophthalmological Update date: 2020-04-30 journal: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_8 sha: doc_id: 24130 cord_uid: kgzegwon file: cache/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.json key: cord-024378-po1bu4v3 authors: CHAKRABORTY, Sweta title: How Risk Perceptions, Not Evidence, Have Driven Harmful Policies on COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.37 sha: doc_id: 24378 cord_uid: po1bu4v3 file: cache/cord-025765-gd8217va.json key: cord-025765-gd8217va authors: Weersink, Alfons; von Massow, Mike; McDougall, Brendan title: Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12240 sha: doc_id: 25765 cord_uid: gd8217va file: cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.json key: cord-024614-6bu3zo01 authors: Tang, Daxing; Tou, Jinfa; Wang, Jinhu; Chen, Qingjiang; Wang, Wei; Huang, Jinjin; Zhao, Hangyan; Wei, Jia; Xu, Zheming; Zhao, Dongyan; Fu, Junfen; Shu, Qiang title: Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000122 sha: doc_id: 24614 cord_uid: 6bu3zo01 file: cache/cord-025747-iuzoio29.json key: cord-025747-iuzoio29 authors: Murphy, Rebecca; Calugi, Simona; Cooper, Zafra; Dalle Grave, Riccardo title: Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Cogn Behav Therap DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x20000161 sha: doc_id: 25747 cord_uid: iuzoio29 file: cache/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.json key: cord-025557-hxn46xnn authors: Rayment, Erica; VandenBeukel, Jason title: Pandemic Parliaments: Canadian Legislatures in a Time of Crisis date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s0008423920000499 sha: doc_id: 25557 cord_uid: hxn46xnn file: cache/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.json key: cord-010547-zhw8vh3e authors: Vaishya, Raju; Javaid, Mohd; Khan, Ibrahim Haleem; Haleem, Abid title: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-14 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 10547 cord_uid: zhw8vh3e key: cord-103629-zhw8vh3e authors: Vaishya, Raju; Javaid, Mohd; Khan, Ibrahim Haleem; Haleem, Abid title: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-31 journal: Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 103629 cord_uid: zhw8vh3e file: cache/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.json key: cord-023038-p9w9fwak authors: Fang, Mengjie; He, Bingxi; Li, Li; Dong, Di; Yang, Xin; Li, Cong; Meng, Lingwei; Zhong, Lianzhen; Li, Hailin; Li, Hongjun; Tian, Jie title: CT radiomics can help screen the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a preliminary study date: 2020-04-15 journal: Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11432-020-2849-3 sha: doc_id: 23038 cord_uid: p9w9fwak file: cache/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.json key: cord-025556-oyfx3ij5 authors: THUNSTRÖM, LINDA; ASHWORTH, MADISON; SHOGREN, JASON F.; NEWBOLD, STEPHEN; FINNOFF, DAVID title: Testing for COVID-19: willful ignorance or selfless behavior? date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2020.15 sha: doc_id: 25556 cord_uid: oyfx3ij5 file: cache/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.json key: cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 authors: Shah, Pooja; Patel, Chetan R. title: Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00120-y sha: doc_id: 26334 cord_uid: n8ek9fw3 file: cache/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.json key: cord-026130-ki7bn67o authors: Sharma, Anand Kumar title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 journal: Reson DOI: 10.1007/s12045-020-0981-3 sha: doc_id: 26130 cord_uid: ki7bn67o file: cache/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.json key: cord-024349-f8hm9v9g authors: MICKLITZ, Hans-W. title: The COVID-19 Threat: An Opportunity to Rethink the European Economic Constitution and European Private Law date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/err.2020.42 sha: doc_id: 24349 cord_uid: f8hm9v9g file: cache/cord-024134-ym7ce5ux.json key: cord-024134-ym7ce5ux authors: Chawla, Sonam; Saxena, Shailendra K. title: Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_14 sha: doc_id: 24134 cord_uid: ym7ce5ux file: cache/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.json key: cord-026803-p1o4qc1h authors: Maddury, Jyotsna; Paramjyothi, G. K. title: Need of the Hour— COVID-19 for Cardiologists date: 2020-04-16 journal: Indian J Cardiovasc Dis Women WINCARS DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709950 sha: doc_id: 26803 cord_uid: p1o4qc1h file: cache/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.json key: cord-011482-c2jdjh2u authors: Riccardo, Bertolo; Cipriani, Chiara; Vittori, Matteo; Bove, Pierluigi title: Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: Int Braz J Urol DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0306 sha: doc_id: 11482 cord_uid: c2jdjh2u file: cache/cord-024613-yump76qu.json key: cord-024613-yump76qu authors: Wu, Chunxing; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Mo, Yueqiang; Wang, Dahui; Ning, Bo; Xu, Ping; Song, Jun; Pei, Xinhong; Ni, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Yiming; Xia, Tian; Jing, Yanhui; Sun, Wanlin; Meng, Junrong; Qian, Chuang title: Recommendations for control and prevention of infections for pediatric orthopedics during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000124 sha: doc_id: 24613 cord_uid: yump76qu file: cache/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.json key: cord-027759-5mz0qlwq authors: Zhou, Anli Yue; Panagioti, Maria title: Mental health and the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa076 sha: doc_id: 27759 cord_uid: 5mz0qlwq file: cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.json key: cord-026603-h4zy3244 authors: Gallo, Oreste; Giovanni, Locatello Luca; Orlando, Pietro; Martelli, Federica; Piccica, Matteo; Lagi, Filippo; Trotta, Michele title: “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 26603 cord_uid: h4zy3244 file: cache/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.json key: cord-024649-y7nqz6vk authors: Bösel, J.; Berlit, P. title: Neurologische Auswirkungen von COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: DGNeurologie DOI: 10.1007/s42451-020-00191-9 sha: doc_id: 24649 cord_uid: y7nqz6vk file: cache/cord-025768-tz5jajeb.json key: cord-025768-tz5jajeb authors: Deaton, B. James; Deaton, Brady J. title: Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12227 sha: doc_id: 25768 cord_uid: tz5jajeb file: cache/cord-022603-rgb409fo.json key: cord-022603-rgb409fo authors: Descatha, A.; Fadel, M.; Baer, M.; Havette, P.; Letheux, C.; Savary, D. title: Prise en charge en urgence d’un salarié avec suspicion d’une symptomatologie COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.835 sha: doc_id: 22603 cord_uid: rgb409fo file: cache/cord-011413-yv4x8viu.json key: cord-011413-yv4x8viu authors: Shekar, Kiran; Badulak, Jenelle; Peek, Giles; Boeken, Udo; Dalton, Heidi J.; Arora, Lovkesh; Zakhary, Bishoy; Ramanathan, Kollengode; Starr, Joanne; Akkanti, Bindu; Antonini, M. 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Karuppannan, Shankar title: Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date: 2020-07-04 journal: Trans Indian Natl DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00145-3 sha: doc_id: 28444 cord_uid: bl9ahsxk file: cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.json key: cord-029332-yn603pvb authors: nan title: Full Issue PDF date: 2020-07-15 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/s2666-0849(20)30838-x sha: doc_id: 29332 cord_uid: yn603pvb file: cache/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.json key: cord-029606-2z1tw4xo authors: John, Janice; Council, Lora; Zallman, Leah; Blau, Jessamyn title: Developing an Intensive Community Covid-19 Management Strategy: Helping Our Patients Access Patient-Centered Care across a Continuum of Covid-19 Disease Needs date: 2020-05-27 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0181 sha: doc_id: 29606 cord_uid: 2z1tw4xo file: cache/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.json key: cord-029609-zh2ah34g authors: Hamilton, Barbara C.S.; Kratz, Johannes R.; Sosa, Julie Ann; Wick, Elizabeth C. title: Developing Perioperative Covid-19 Testing Protocols to Restore Surgical Services date: 2020-06-19 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0265 sha: doc_id: 29609 cord_uid: zh2ah34g file: cache/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.json key: cord-029813-o2uzcuai authors: Rusconi, Stefano; Hayden, Frederick G title: COVID-19: studying the global pandemic – foreword date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0211 sha: doc_id: 29813 cord_uid: o2uzcuai file: cache/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.json key: cord-029906-vfkqmri7 authors: Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Muthuri, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi; Nkanata, Lenity Honesty Kainyu title: The monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Turkey date: 2020-07-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.35241/emeraldopenres.13822.1 sha: doc_id: 29906 cord_uid: vfkqmri7 file: cache/cord-028624-dzx62k23.json key: cord-028624-dzx62k23 authors: Yong, Celina M.; Han, Jason J.; Vaduganathan, Muthiah title: Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.020 sha: doc_id: 28624 cord_uid: dzx62k23 file: cache/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.json key: cord-029466-9sy6icrm authors: Ramadan, Ahmad Riad; Alsrouji, Owais K; Cerghet, Mirela; Chopp, Michael; Danoun, Omar; 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Lundan, Sarianna title: From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy date: 2020-07-24 journal: J Int Bus Policy DOI: 10.1057/s42214-020-00065-7 sha: doc_id: 29672 cord_uid: y2ii6r3u file: cache/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.json key: cord-029859-fhm0d9t9 authors: Yue, Ling; Wang, Jingyi; Ju, Mingliang; Zhu, Yi; Chen, Lianghu; Shi, Lin; Shi, Bohai; Chen, Jun; Shen, Yifeng title: How psychiatrists coordinate treatment for COVID-19: a retrospective study and experience from China date: 2020-07-21 journal: Gen Psychiatr DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100272 sha: doc_id: 29859 cord_uid: fhm0d9t9 file: cache/cord-030296-4xthry9c.json key: cord-030296-4xthry9c authors: Barbieri, Paolo; Boffelli, Albachiara; Elia, Stefano; Fratocchi, Luciano; Kalchschmidt, Matteo; Samson, Danny title: What can we learn about reshoring after Covid-19? date: 2020-08-11 journal: Oper Manag Res DOI: 10.1007/s12063-020-00160-1 sha: doc_id: 30296 cord_uid: 4xthry9c file: cache/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.json key: cord-029967-dnyhn4bt authors: Alpert, Joseph S.; 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Ghonimy, Mai Bahgat Ibrahim title: COVID-19 variant radiological findings with high lightening other coronavirus family (SARS and MERS) findings: radiological impact and findings spectrum of corona virus (COVID-19) with comparison to SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-28 journal: Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00262-7 sha: doc_id: 30956 cord_uid: wire1g2n file: cache/cord-030382-pqf899k7.json key: cord-030382-pqf899k7 authors: Smith, Shaun; Woo Baidal, Jennifer; Wilner, Philip J.; Ienuso, Joe title: The Heroes and Heroines: Supporting the Front Line in New York City During Covid-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0285 sha: doc_id: 30382 cord_uid: pqf899k7 file: cache/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.json key: cord-030378-f9hf9plf authors: Madsen, Tracy E.; Dobiesz, Valerie; Das, Devjani; Sethuraman, Kinjal; Agrawal, Pooja; Zeidan, Amy; Goldberg, Elizabeth; Safdar, Basmah; Lall, Michelle D. title: Unique Risks and Solutions for Equitable Advancement during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Early Experience from Frontline Physicians in Academic Medicine date: 2020-07-20 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0268 sha: doc_id: 30378 cord_uid: f9hf9plf file: cache/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.json key: cord-029631-hdqzjdz3 authors: Parodi, Stephen; 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Lee, Edward Y. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200346 sha: doc_id: 30192 cord_uid: ebsh62ll file: cache/cord-030992-ed0h045d.json key: cord-030992-ed0h045d authors: Akhtar, Saeed; Das, Jai K; Ismail, Tariq; Wahid, Muqeet; Saeed, Wisha; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A title: Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Nutr Rev DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa063 sha: doc_id: 30992 cord_uid: ed0h045d file: cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.json key: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl authors: Overby, Madison; Pu, Qinqin; Wei, Xiawei; Wu, Min title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Precis Clin Med DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa027 sha: doc_id: 31100 cord_uid: ih1ci5cl file: cache/cord-029885-vawqjfij.json key: cord-029885-vawqjfij authors: Piccini, Jonathan P.; 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Järv, Olle; Zook, Matthew; Toivonen, Tuuli title: COVID-19 is spatial: Ensuring that mobile Big Data is used for social good date: 2020-08-27 journal: Big Data Soc DOI: 10.1177/2053951720952088 sha: doc_id: 31035 cord_uid: yixlsymd file: cache/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.json key: cord-030565-jwqod8q5 authors: Ali, Rasha Mostafa Mohamed; Ghonimy, Mai Bahgat Ibrahim title: Radiological findings spectrum of asymptomatic coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-18 journal: Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00266-3 sha: doc_id: 30565 cord_uid: jwqod8q5 file: cache/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.json key: cord-030051-kzkpu94o authors: O’Brien, Michelle Mary Clare; McLoughlin, J. 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Mupfumi, Lucy; Sonela, Nelson; Naicker, Delon; Obuku, Ekwaro A.; Koofhethile, Catherine; Mogashoa, Tuelo; Kapaata, Anne; Ombati, Geoffrey; Michelo, Clive M.; Makobu, Kimani; Todowede, Olamide; Balinda, Sheila N. title: Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists date: 2020-07-08 journal: Wellcome Open Res DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16070.1 sha: doc_id: 32552 cord_uid: rjuug7er file: cache/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.json key: cord-033312-ja45g4b0 authors: Yetkin, Ertan; Taylan, Gökay; Yalta, Kenan title: COVID-19 pandemic: a glimpse into newly diagnosed hypertensive patients date: 2020-09-17 journal: Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000234 sha: doc_id: 33312 cord_uid: ja45g4b0 file: cache/cord-033453-557obi3r.json key: cord-033453-557obi3r authors: Bretscher, Lorenzo; Hsu, Alex; Simasek, Peter; Tamoni, Andrea title: COVID-19 and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns: Impact and Transmission date: 2020-09-24 journal: Rev Asset Pricing Stud DOI: 10.1093/rapstu/raaa017 sha: doc_id: 33453 cord_uid: 557obi3r file: cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.json key: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 authors: Baker, Joseph O; Martí, Gerardo; Braunstein, Ruth; Whitehead, Andrew L; Yukich, Grace title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 journal: Sociol Relig DOI: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039 sha: doc_id: 33481 cord_uid: 3kxi7fd9 file: cache/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.json key: cord-033218-wpe0sl43 authors: Porsse, Alexandre A.; de Souza, Kênia B.; Carvalho, Terciane S.; Vale, Vinícius A. title: The economic impacts of COVID‐19 in Brazil based on an interregional CGE approach date: 2020-09-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12354 sha: doc_id: 33218 cord_uid: wpe0sl43 file: cache/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.json key: cord-033356-ppn71yd0 authors: Abbott, Frederick M; Reichman, Jerome H title: Facilitating Access to Cross-Border Supplies of Patented Pharmaceuticals: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgaa022 sha: doc_id: 33356 cord_uid: ppn71yd0 file: cache/cord-033655-16hj7sev.json key: cord-033655-16hj7sev authors: Miroudot, Sébastien title: Reshaping the policy debate on the implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Int Bus Policy DOI: 10.1057/s42214-020-00074-6 sha: doc_id: 33655 cord_uid: 16hj7sev file: cache/cord-032751-pmclolvh.json key: cord-032751-pmclolvh authors: Head, Katharine J.; Kasting, Monica L.; Sturm, Lynne A.; Hartsock, Jane A.; Zimet, Gregory D. title: A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts date: 2020-09-23 journal: Sci Commun DOI: 10.1177/1075547020960463 sha: doc_id: 32751 cord_uid: pmclolvh file: cache/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.json key: cord-032820-l0vkq0j3 authors: Mohamed, Sherif; Abd El-Mohsen, Seham; Abo El-Hassan, Osama; AbdElHaffez, Azza; Abd El-Aziz, Nashwa title: Incidence and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke in the COVID-19 pandemic: the dilemma date: 2020-09-29 journal: Egypt J Bronchol DOI: 10.1186/s43168-020-00033-y sha: doc_id: 32820 cord_uid: l0vkq0j3 file: cache/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.json key: cord-033417-5elpvxhw authors: Muthuppalaniappan, Menaka; Stevenson, Kerrie title: Healthcare Cyber-Attacks and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urgent Threat to Global Health date: 2020-09-27 journal: Int J Qual Health Care DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa117 sha: doc_id: 33417 cord_uid: 5elpvxhw file: cache/cord-033660-rbhs15og.json key: cord-033660-rbhs15og authors: Richards-Belle, Alvin; Orzechowska, Izabella; Doidge, James; Thomas, Karen; Harrison, David A; Koelewyn, Abby; Christian, Michael D; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Rowan, Kathryn M; Gould, Doug W title: Critical care outcomes, for the first 200 patients with confirmed COVID-19, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: A report from the ICNARC Case Mix Programme date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Intensive Care Soc DOI: 10.1177/1751143720961672 sha: doc_id: 33660 cord_uid: rbhs15og file: cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.json key: cord-033334-p7szd86k authors: Mann, Jaclyn Kelly; Ndung'u, Thumbi title: The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170 sha: doc_id: 33334 cord_uid: p7szd86k file: cache/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.json key: cord-033778-u2r0neyc authors: Taban, EM; Richards, GA title: Observational study of therapeutic bronchoscopy in critical hypoxaemic ventilated patients with COVID-19 at Mediclinic Midstream Private Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa date: 2020-10-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i4.119 sha: doc_id: 33778 cord_uid: u2r0neyc file: cache/cord-033505-bv705puy.json key: cord-033505-bv705puy authors: Rogado, Jacobo; Serrano-Montero, Gloria; Pangua, Cristina title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() date: 2020-10-08 journal: Med Clin (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 33505 cord_uid: bv705puy file: cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.json key: cord-033401-0o1g1924 authors: Jerry II, Robert H title: COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date: 2020-09-12 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa076 sha: doc_id: 33401 cord_uid: 0o1g1924 file: cache/cord-033550-47sqvg54.json key: cord-033550-47sqvg54 authors: Jain, Rachna; Gupta, Meenu; Taneja, Soham; Hemanth, D. Jude title: Deep learning based detection and analysis of COVID-19 on chest X-ray images date: 2020-10-09 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01902-1 sha: doc_id: 33550 cord_uid: 47sqvg54 file: cache/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.json key: cord-032383-2dqpxumn authors: Shuja, Junaid; Alanazi, Eisa; Alasmary, Waleed; Alashaikh, Abdulaziz title: COVID-19 open source data sets: a comprehensive survey date: 2020-09-21 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01862-6 sha: doc_id: 32383 cord_uid: 2dqpxumn file: cache/cord-033204-v17d98c9.json key: cord-033204-v17d98c9 authors: Yen, Wei‐Ting title: Taiwan’s COVID‐19 Management: Developmental State, Digital Governance, and State‐Society Synergy date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1111/aspp.12541 sha: doc_id: 33204 cord_uid: v17d98c9 file: cache/cord-033833-woref5g8.json key: cord-033833-woref5g8 authors: Fragoso-Saavedra, Sergio; Iruegas-Nunez, David A.; Quintero-Villegas, Alejandro; García-González, H. Benjamín; Nuñez, Isaac; Carbajal-Morelos, Sergio L.; Audelo-Cruz, Belem M.; Arias-Martínez, Sarahi; Caro-Vega, Yanink; Calva, Juan José; Luqueño-Martínez, Verónica; González-Duarte, Alejandra; Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda; Crispín, José C.; Sierra-Madero, Juan; Belaunzarán-Zamudio, Pablo F.; Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio I. title: A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol date: 2020-10-16 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05485-7 sha: doc_id: 33833 cord_uid: woref5g8 file: cache/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.json key: cord-032929-hqfzlddn authors: Ciftci, Bahadir; Ekinci, Mursel; Atalay, Yunus Oktay title: May regional anesthesia be a better choice for the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-01 journal: Ain-Shams J Anesthesiol DOI: 10.1186/s42077-020-00095-6 sha: doc_id: 32929 cord_uid: hqfzlddn file: cache/cord-033196-e2cejj95.json key: cord-033196-e2cejj95 authors: Smart, Neil title: Colorectal Surgery in the time of Covid 19 date: 2020-09-23 journal: Colorectal Dis DOI: 10.1111/codi.15299 sha: doc_id: 33196 cord_uid: e2cejj95 file: cache/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.json key: cord-033420-pjtyv0pv authors: Kalokairinou, Louiza; Zettler, Patricia J; Nagappan, Ashwini; Kyweluk, Moira A; Wexler, Anna title: The promise of direct-to-consumer COVID-19 testing: ethical and regulatory issues date: 2020-09-23 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa069 sha: doc_id: 33420 cord_uid: pjtyv0pv file: cache/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.json key: cord-033656-ivp3lchc authors: Lim, Seok Mei; Tan, M.; Sze, Y. L.; Au, L. title: Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on COVID-19 Negative Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures date: 2020-10-09 journal: J Frailty Aging DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.54 sha: doc_id: 33656 cord_uid: ivp3lchc file: cache/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.json key: cord-033820-3u3uybnt authors: Rashid, Alina; Faisal, Kanza title: Pandemic anxiety and its correlates among young doctors working frontline in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.22 sha: doc_id: 33820 cord_uid: 3u3uybnt file: cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.json key: cord-033329-gi0mug1p authors: Montesi, Michela title: Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1177/0961000620949653 sha: doc_id: 33329 cord_uid: gi0mug1p file: cache/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.json key: cord-034058-8lokg6hs authors: Kim, In Kyung title: The impact of social distancing on box-office revenue: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: Quant Mark Econ DOI: 10.1007/s11129-020-09230-x sha: doc_id: 34058 cord_uid: 8lokg6hs file: cache/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.json key: cord-033827-ex1ahuc6 authors: Brooks, Deborah Jordan; Saad, Lydia title: Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times date: 2020-08-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s1743923x20000628 sha: doc_id: 33827 cord_uid: ex1ahuc6 file: cache/cord-034398-g09usvbs.json key: cord-034398-g09usvbs authors: Kumar, Santhi Iyer; Borok, Zea title: Filling the Bench: Faculty Surge Deployment in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-29 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0511 sha: doc_id: 34398 cord_uid: g09usvbs file: cache/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.json key: cord-033882-uts6wfqw authors: Khakharia, Aman; Shah, Vruddhi; Jain, Sankalp; Shah, Jash; Tiwari, Amanshu; Daphal, Prathamesh; Warang, Mahesh; Mehendale, Ninad title: Outbreak Prediction of COVID-19 for Dense and Populated Countries Using Machine Learning date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ann DOI: 10.1007/s40745-020-00314-9 sha: doc_id: 33882 cord_uid: uts6wfqw file: cache/cord-034156-adcnahpn.json key: cord-034156-adcnahpn authors: Kim, Michael G.; Stein, Alan A.; Overby, Philip; Kleinman, George; Nuoman, Rolla; Gulko, Edwin; Al-Mufti, Fawaz; Pisapia, Jared M.; Muh, Carrie R. title: Fatal Cerebral Edema in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Pediatr Neurol DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 34156 cord_uid: adcnahpn file: cache/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.json key: cord-033714-rz5unqaz authors: Gupte, Jaideep; Mitlin, Diana title: COVID-19: what is not being addressed date: 2020-10-13 journal: Environ Urban DOI: 10.1177/0956247820963961 sha: doc_id: 33714 cord_uid: rz5unqaz file: cache/cord-033780-184e64tr.json key: cord-033780-184e64tr authors: Smith, Rasheid; Geary, Sean M; Salem, Aliasger K title: Implications of current and future approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 testing date: 2020-10-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0318 sha: doc_id: 33780 cord_uid: 184e64tr file: cache/cord-034289-6y4437ah.json key: cord-034289-6y4437ah authors: Xiao, Zhenxu; Ding, Ding; Li, Shichuo; Hong, Zhen title: Management of people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey among epileptologists in China date: 2020-10-27 journal: Acta Epileptologica DOI: 10.1186/s42494-020-00030-0 sha: doc_id: 34289 cord_uid: 6y4437ah file: cache/cord-033759-cjxzenld.json key: cord-033759-cjxzenld authors: Kang, Jaeho title: The Media Spectacle of a Techno-City: COVID-19 and the South Korean Experience of the State of Emergency date: 2020-08-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s0021911820002302 sha: doc_id: 33759 cord_uid: cjxzenld file: cache/cord-034181-ji4empe6.json key: cord-034181-ji4empe6 authors: Saqib, Mohd title: Forecasting COVID-19 outbreak progression using hybrid polynomial-Bayesian ridge regression model date: 2020-10-23 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01942-7 sha: doc_id: 34181 cord_uid: ji4empe6 file: cache/cord-034443-rptylxmw.json key: cord-034443-rptylxmw authors: Morley, John E. title: COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery date: 2020-10-05 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1497-y sha: doc_id: 34443 cord_uid: rptylxmw file: cache/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.json key: cord-033854-pub3lhiv authors: van Zanten, Jan Anton; van Tulder, Rob title: Beyond COVID-19: Applying “SDG logics” for resilient transformations date: 2020-10-16 journal: J Int Bus Policy DOI: 10.1057/s42214-020-00076-4 sha: doc_id: 33854 cord_uid: pub3lhiv file: cache/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.json key: cord-034135-c3hjkcyh authors: Valin, J.P.; Gulley, Shauna; Keidan, Ben; Perkins, Kathryn; Price, Connie Savor; Neff, William; Winfield, Gary; Tad-y, Darlene title: Physician Executives Guide a Successful Covid-19 Response in Colorado date: 2020-10-15 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0402 sha: doc_id: 34135 cord_uid: c3hjkcyh file: cache/cord-033982-3slubbaf.json key: cord-033982-3slubbaf authors: Avellanas Chavala, M.L. title: Pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19() date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 33982 cord_uid: 3slubbaf file: cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.json key: cord-034438-9kdmljoq authors: Sepúlveda-Loyola, W.; Rodríguez-Sánchez, I.; Pérez-Rodríguez, P.; Ganz, F.; 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V.; Rodríguez-Mañas, Leocadio title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date: 2020-09-25 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7 sha: doc_id: 34438 cord_uid: 9kdmljoq file: cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.json key: cord-033974-0rzi7x22 authors: Boyd, Rhea W; Krieger, Nancy; Jones, Camara Phyllis title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future date: 2020-10-19 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32140-1 sha: doc_id: 33974 cord_uid: 0rzi7x22 file: cache/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.json key: cord-034157-uif9xtvl authors: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Anesthetic Considerations for Recovered COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-22 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.032 sha: doc_id: 34157 cord_uid: uif9xtvl file: cache/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.json key: cord-034371-j3xxmkjd authors: Schellack, Natalie; Coetzee, Monique; Schellack, Gustav; Gijzelaar, Michelle; Hassim, Zeenat; Milne, Marnus; Bronkhorst, Elmien; Padayachee, Neelaveni; Singh, Nirasha; Kolman, Sonya; Gray, Andrew L. title: COVID-19: Guidelines for pharmacists in South Africa date: 2020-06-10 journal: S Afr J Infect Dis DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.206 sha: doc_id: 34371 cord_uid: j3xxmkjd file: cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.json key: cord-034373-7v7r44do authors: Stevens, Jennifer P.; O’Donoghue, Ashley; Horng, Steven; Tandon, Manu; Tabb, Kevin title: Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date: 2020-10-23 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0505 sha: doc_id: 34373 cord_uid: 7v7r44do file: cache/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.json key: cord-034466-e6kg0yx9 authors: Al-Zaidi, Haider Majid Haider; Badr, Hani Musa title: Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients date: 2020-10-31 journal: Egypt J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1186/s43163-020-00050-0 sha: doc_id: 34466 cord_uid: e6kg0yx9 file: cache/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.json key: cord-034495-gvtv8o96 authors: Hussain, Kashif; Ambreen, Gul; Muzammil, Mehreen; Raza, Syed Shamim; Ali, Umer title: Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00277-5 sha: doc_id: 34495 cord_uid: gvtv8o96 file: cache/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.json key: cord-034517-ygiqrmbw authors: Wieland, Mark L.; Asiedu, Gladys B.; Lantz, Kiley; Abbenyi, Adeline; Njeru, Jane W.; Osman, Ahmed; Goodson, Miriam; Ahmed, Yahye; Molina, Luz E.; Doubeni, Chyke A.; Sia, Irene G. title: Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/cts.2020.47 sha: doc_id: 34517 cord_uid: ygiqrmbw file: cache/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.json key: cord-034195-yiv8rp7y authors: Guhan, Samantha M.; Nathan, Neera R.; Raef, Haya; Cavanaugh-Hussey, Margaret; Tan, Jennifer K. title: COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.042 sha: doc_id: 34195 cord_uid: yiv8rp7y file: cache/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.json key: cord-034629-uusqhsnf authors: Eufemia, Luca; Lozano, Camilo; Rodriguez, Tatiana; Del Rio, Martha; Morales-Muñoz, Héctor; Bonatti, Michelle; Sieber, Stefan; Löhr, Katharina title: Peacebuilding in times of COVID-19: risk-adapted strategies of cooperation and development projects date: 2020-11-04 journal: Z Friedens und Konflforsch DOI: 10.1007/s42597-020-00040-2 sha: doc_id: 34629 cord_uid: uusqhsnf file: cache/cord-034603-9gso0zib.json key: cord-034603-9gso0zib authors: Dungar, Keval Dhanji; Sooriah, Kirstin Louise title: Can surgery continue safely during a pandemic? A commentary on “Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study” date: 2020-11-04 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.031 sha: doc_id: 34603 cord_uid: 9gso0zib file: cache/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.json key: cord-034660-g28qmyh8 authors: Sciamanna, Christopher; Du, Ping; Cialdini, Robert title: Using Persuasion Science to Improve COVID-19 Contact Tracing date: 2020-11-05 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.004 sha: doc_id: 34660 cord_uid: g28qmyh8 file: cache/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.json key: cord-034435-yp0gfl47 authors: Medetalibeyoglu, A.; Senkal, N.; Kose, M.; Catma, Y.; Caparali, E. Bilge; Erelel, M.; Oncul, M. Oral; Bahat, Gulistan; Tukek, T. title: Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1499-9 sha: doc_id: 34435 cord_uid: yp0gfl47 file: cache/cord-034689-se1hdn61.json key: cord-034689-se1hdn61 authors: Smith, David L.; Grenier, John-Paul; Batte, Catherine; Spieler, Bradley title: A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200280 sha: doc_id: 34689 cord_uid: se1hdn61 file: cache/cord-034614-r429idtl.json key: cord-034614-r429idtl authors: Yasar, Huseyin; Ceylan, Murat title: A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks date: 2020-11-04 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-02019-1 sha: doc_id: 34614 cord_uid: r429idtl file: cache/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.json key: cord-034436-yhb8m1si authors: Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Hassan, A. B. title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date: 2020-07-04 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1512-3 sha: doc_id: 34436 cord_uid: yhb8m1si file: cache/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.json key: cord-034814-flp6s0wd authors: Lamsal, Rabindra title: Design and analysis of a large-scale COVID-19 tweets dataset date: 2020-11-06 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-02029-z sha: doc_id: 34814 cord_uid: flp6s0wd file: cache/cord-034690-x8lkngra.json key: cord-034690-x8lkngra authors: Ridge, Carole A; Desai, Sujal R; Jeyin, Nidhish; Mahon, Ciara; Lother, Dione L; Mirsadraee, Saeed; Semple, Tom; Price, Susanna; Bleakley, Caroline; Arachchillage, Deepa J; Shaw, Elizabeth; Patel, Brijesh V; Padley, Simon PG; Devaraj, Anand title: Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography (DECTPA) Quantifies Vasculopathy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-10-29 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200428 sha: doc_id: 34690 cord_uid: x8lkngra file: cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.json key: cord-035016-ipv8npdy authors: Torreele, Els title: Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date: 2020-11-09 journal: Development (Rome) DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00261-1 sha: doc_id: 35016 cord_uid: ipv8npdy file: cache/cord-035023-kviogc6h.json key: cord-035023-kviogc6h authors: Harrison, Stephanie L.; Buckley, Benjamin J.R.; Fazio-Eynullayeva, Elnara; Underhill, Paula; Lane, Deirdre A.; Lip, Gregory Y.H. title: End-Stage Renal Disease and 30-day Mortality for Adults with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.11.003 sha: doc_id: 35023 cord_uid: kviogc6h file: cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.json key: cord-034942-ezwt39rq authors: Asayama, Shinichiro; Emori, Seita; Sugiyama, Masahiro; Kasuga, Fumiko; Watanabe, Chiho title: Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date: 2020-11-07 journal: Sustain Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00879-7 sha: doc_id: 34942 cord_uid: ezwt39rq file: cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.json key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.023 sha: doc_id: 34640 cord_uid: ygtbuy4k file: cache/cord-035020-mhs7yext.json key: cord-035020-mhs7yext authors: Simadibrata, Daniel Martin; Pandhita, Bashar Adi Wahyu; Ananta, Muammar Emir; Tango, Tamara title: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Intensive Care Soc DOI: 10.1177/1751143720969587 sha: doc_id: 35020 cord_uid: mhs7yext file: cache/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.json key: cord-034686-y0y5ltxs authors: Gieraerts, Christopher; Dangis, Anthony; Janssen, Lode; Demeyere, Annick; De Bruecker, Yves; De Brucker, Nele; van Den Bergh, Annelies; Lauwerier, Tine; Heremans, André; Frans, Eric; Laurent, Michaël; Ector, Bavo; Roosen, John; Smismans, Annick; Frans, Johan; Gillis, Marc; Symons, Rolf title: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials date: 2020-10-22 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200441 sha: doc_id: 34686 cord_uid: y0y5ltxs file: cache/cord-034691-cw1311qg.json key: cord-034691-cw1311qg authors: Grodecki, Kajetan; Lin, Andrew; Cadet, Sebastien; McElhinney, Priscilla A; Razipour, Aryabod; Chan, Cato; Pressman, Barry; Julien, Peter; Maurovich-Horvat, Pal; Gaibazzi, Nicola; Thakur, Udit; Mancini, Elisabetta; Agalbato, Cecilia; Menè, Roberto; Parati, Gianfranco; Cernigliaro, Franco; Nerlekar, Nitesh; Torlasco, Camilla; Pontone, Gianluca; Slomka, Piotr J; Dey, Damini title: Quantitative Burden of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Chest CT Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Prospective International Registry date: 2020-10-01 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200389 sha: doc_id: 34691 cord_uid: cw1311qg file: cache/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.json key: cord-034952-hctfmjhv authors: D'Avanzo, Barbara; Nobili, Alessandro; Tettamanti, Mauro; Pasina, Luca; Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio title: What changed in the Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards during the lockdown date: 2020-11-07 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.10.024 sha: doc_id: 34952 cord_uid: hctfmjhv file: cache/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.json key: cord-035026-2qcsfd87 authors: Ugwueze, Chidiebere V.; Ezeokpo, Basil Chukwuma; Nnolim, Bede I.; Agim, Emmanuel A.; Anikpo, Nnamdi C.; Onyekachi, Kenechukwu E. title: COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications date: 2020-10-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1159/000511354 sha: doc_id: 35026 cord_uid: 2qcsfd87 file: cache/cord-035015-slgywe0c.json key: cord-035015-slgywe0c authors: Nunn, Alistair V. W.; Guy, Geoffrey W.; Brysch, Wolfgang; Botchway, Stanley W.; Frasch, Wayne; Calabrese, Edward J.; Bell, Jimmy D. title: SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date: 2020-11-09 journal: Immun Ageing DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x sha: doc_id: 35015 cord_uid: slgywe0c file: cache/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.json key: cord-035038-iefkv5g7 authors: Leal Filho, Walter; Azul, Anabela Marisa; Wall, Tony; Vasconcelos, Claudio R. P.; Salvia, Amanda Lange; do Paço, Arminda; Shulla, Kalterina; Levesque, Vanessa; Doni, Federica; Alvarez-Castañón, Lorena; Mac-lean, Claudia; Avila, Lucas Veiga; Damke, Luana Inês; Castro, Paula; Azeiteiro, Ulisses M.; Fritzen, Bárbara; Ferreira, Paula; Frankenberger, Fernanda title: COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development research date: 2020-11-09 journal: Sustain Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00866-y sha: doc_id: 35038 cord_uid: iefkv5g7 file: cache/cord-035070-drt6esrk.json key: cord-035070-drt6esrk authors: Cheng, Yichun; Zhang, Nanhui; Luo, Ran; Zhang, Meng; Wang, Zhixiang; Dong, Lei; Li, Junhua; Zeng, Rui; Yao, Ying; Ge, Shuwang; Xu, Gang title: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-26 journal: Kidney Dis (Basel) DOI: 10.1159/000512270 sha: doc_id: 35070 cord_uid: drt6esrk file: cache/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.json key: cord-035099-8yk0dzxf authors: Brika, Marine; Bossu, Maëva; Fautrelle, Lilian; Mourey, France; Kubicki, Alexandre title: Geriatric Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a Case Report date: 2020-11-09 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00613-5 sha: doc_id: 35099 cord_uid: 8yk0dzxf file: cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.json key: cord-035290-ungilw9s authors: Rice, Louis title: After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date: 2020-11-11 journal: Urban Des Int DOI: 10.1057/s41289-020-00142-6 sha: doc_id: 35290 cord_uid: ungilw9s file: cache/cord-035042-umufaixr.json key: cord-035042-umufaixr authors: Inui, Shohei; Kurokawa, Ryo; Nakai, Yudai; Watanabe, Yusuke; Kurokawa, Mariko; Sakurai, Keita; Fujikawa, Akira; Sugiura, Hiroaki; Kawahara, Takuya; Yoon, Soon Ho; Uwabe, Yasuhide; Uchida, Yuto; Gonoi, Wataru; Abe, Osamu title: Comparison of Chest CT Grading Systems in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-11-05 journal: Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020200492 sha: doc_id: 35042 cord_uid: umufaixr file: cache/cord-035067-ic843wr9.json key: cord-035067-ic843wr9 authors: de Almeida, Joana Ferro Machado; Chehter, Ethel Zimberg title: COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: what do we already know? date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5909 sha: doc_id: 35067 cord_uid: ic843wr9 file: cache/cord-035077-qjrokb17.json key: cord-035077-qjrokb17 authors: Konstantinov, Vsevolod; Berdenova, Saule; Satkangulova, Gulnara; Reznik, Alexander; Isralowitz, Richard title: COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use date: 2020-11-09 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00412-y sha: doc_id: 35077 cord_uid: qjrokb17 file: cache/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.json key: cord-035113-bhnv2qbi authors: Senapati, Apurbalal; Nag, Amitava; Mondal, Arunendu; Maji, Soumen title: A novel framework for COVID-19 case prediction through piecewise regression in India date: 2020-11-10 journal: Int J Inf Technol DOI: 10.1007/s41870-020-00552-3 sha: doc_id: 35113 cord_uid: bhnv2qbi file: cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.json key: cord-035044-duzoa2v7 authors: Sondermann, Elena; Ulbert, Cornelia title: The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 journal: Z Friedens und Konflforsch DOI: 10.1007/s42597-020-00049-7 sha: doc_id: 35044 cord_uid: duzoa2v7 file: cache/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.json key: cord-035098-zmv0ngf0 authors: Li, Daqiu; Fu, Zhangjie; Xu, Jun title: Stacked-autoencoder-based model for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT images date: 2020-11-09 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-02002-w sha: doc_id: 35098 cord_uid: zmv0ngf0 file: cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.json key: cord-035138-7v92aukg authors: Tognoni, Gianni; Macchia, Alejandro title: Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date: 2020-11-10 journal: Development (Rome) DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00269-7 sha: doc_id: 35138 cord_uid: 7v92aukg file: cache/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.json key: cord-035176-oryjjoiw authors: Detterline, Stephanie; Hartman-Hall, Heather; Garbow, Katherine; Rawal, Himanshu; Blackwood, David; Nizialek, Gregory; Nashaat, Zayd title: An internal medicine residency’s response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients date: 2020-10-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1807218 sha: doc_id: 35176 cord_uid: oryjjoiw file: cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.json key: cord-035137-uxtaw02u authors: Chowdhury, Anis Z.; Jomo, K. S. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 journal: Development (Rome) DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00256-y sha: doc_id: 35137 cord_uid: uxtaw02u file: cache/cord-035095-wo5fq359.json key: cord-035095-wo5fq359 authors: Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo; Zubieta-DeUrioste, Natalia title: Pneumolysis and “Silent Hypoxemia” in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 journal: Indian J Clin Biochem DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00935-0 sha: doc_id: 35095 cord_uid: wo5fq359 file: cache/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.json key: cord-035275-lfyxbg92 authors: Servotte, Jean-Christophe; Welch-Horan, T. Bram; Mullan, Paul; Piazza, Justine; Ghuysen, Alexandre; Szyld, Demian title: Development and implementation of an end-of-shift clinical debriefing method for emergency departments during COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 journal: Adv Simul (Lond) DOI: 10.1186/s41077-020-00150-0 sha: doc_id: 35275 cord_uid: lfyxbg92 file: cache/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.json key: cord-035307-r74ovkbd authors: Liu, Shuchang; Ma, Zheng Feei; Zhang, Yutong; Zhang, Yingfei title: Attitudes towards Wildlife Consumption inside and outside Hubei Province, China, in Relation to the SARS and COVID-19 Outbreaks date: 2020-11-11 journal: Hum Ecol Interdiscip J DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00199-5 sha: doc_id: 35307 cord_uid: r74ovkbd file: cache/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.json key: cord-035210-s9t76pcz authors: Kaye, Avi Gurion; Siegel, Robert title: The efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab in reducing severe COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review date: 2020-11-02 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10322 sha: doc_id: 35210 cord_uid: s9t76pcz file: cache/cord-035230-p999nlnc.json key: cord-035230-p999nlnc authors: Nikopoulou, V. A.; Holeva, V.; Parlapani, Eleni; Karamouzi, P.; Voitsidis, P.; Porfyri, G. N.; Blekas, A.; Papigkioti, K.; Patsiala, S.; Diakogiannis, I. title: Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) date: 2020-11-10 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00414-w sha: doc_id: 35230 cord_uid: p999nlnc file: cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.json key: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 authors: Li, Xiaoran; Ge, Peilin; Zhu, Jocelyn; Li, Haifang; Graham, James; Singer, Adam; Richman, Paul S.; Duong, Tim Q. title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10337 sha: doc_id: 35216 cord_uid: gdhz7mr4 file: cache/cord-035269-60im90ab.json key: cord-035269-60im90ab authors: Khalaf, Ola Osama; Khalil, Mohamed A.; Abdelmaksoud, Reham title: Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 journal: Middle East Curr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00070-9 sha: doc_id: 35269 cord_uid: 60im90ab file: cache/cord-035142-axyjd96e.json key: cord-035142-axyjd96e authors: Zein, Joe G.; Whelan, Georgina; Erzurum, Serpil C. title: Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/cts.2020.543 sha: doc_id: 35142 cord_uid: axyjd96e file: cache/cord-035314-afngpddq.json key: cord-035314-afngpddq authors: Malik, Is-haq O; Ladiwala, Nida; Chinta, Siddharth; Khan, Muhammad; Patel, Komal title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis date: 2020-10-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10898 sha: doc_id: 35314 cord_uid: afngpddq file: cache/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.json key: cord-035312-xh7oomcg authors: Mandal, Amit K.J.; Kho, Jason; Ioannou, Adam; Van den Abbeele, Koenraad; Missouris, Constantinos G. title: In situ immune-mediated pulmonary artery thrombosis and Covid-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-11-11 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.11.006 sha: doc_id: 35312 cord_uid: xh7oomcg file: cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.json key: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 authors: Rahim, Fawad; Amin, Said; Noor, Mohammad; Bahadur, Sher; Gul, Huma; Mahmood, Afsheen; Usman, Muhammad; Khan, Muhammad Asif; Ullah, Raza; Shahab, Khalid title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10906 sha: doc_id: 35315 cord_uid: j5mknuv5 file: cache/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.json key: cord-102557-25mu0mo9 authors: Torres-Salinas, Daniel title: Daily growth rate of scientific production on Covid-19. Analysis in databases and open access repositories date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.3145/epi.2020.mar.15 sha: doc_id: 102557 cord_uid: 25mu0mo9 file: cache/cord-102281-xymfoa86.json key: cord-102281-xymfoa86 authors: Higuera, J; Tato, J; Llorente, B; Trascasa, M; Vaduva, C; Ruíz A Serrano, C; Arteaga, J; Villa, P; Rivera, T; Nevado, E title: Traqueostomía En Cuidados Intensivos En Pacientes Covid 19 date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.10.009 sha: doc_id: 102281 cord_uid: xymfoa86 file: cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.json key: cord-102456-6jt4ksha authors: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L.; Maier, Lisa; Downey, Gregory P.; Wechsler, Michael E. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.001 sha: doc_id: 102456 cord_uid: 6jt4ksha file: cache/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.json key: cord-035327-p2c6q1zj authors: Segura de la Cal, Teresa; Nuche, Jorge; Jiménez López-Guarch, Carmen; Pérez-Olivares, Carmen; Velázquez, Maite; López-Medrano, Francisco; López Gude, María Jesús; Alonso Charterina, Sergio; Arribas Ynsaurriaga, Fernando; Escribano Subías, Pilar title: Unexpected Favourable Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Patients date: 2020-11-11 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.06.012 sha: doc_id: 35327 cord_uid: p2c6q1zj file: cache/cord-035272-j070oidg.json key: cord-035272-j070oidg authors: McGowan, Catherine R.; Hellman, Nora; Chowdhury, Sayem; Mannan, Abdul; Newell, Katherine; Cummings, Rachael title: COVID-19 testing acceptability and uptake amongst the Rohingya and host community in Camp 21, Teknaf, Bangladesh date: 2020-11-11 journal: Confl Health DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-00322-9 sha: doc_id: 35272 cord_uid: j070oidg file: cache/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.json key: cord-035285-dx5bbeqm authors: Simmhan, Yogesh; Rambha, Tarun; Khochare, Aakash; Ramesh, Shriram; Baranawal, Animesh; George, John Varghese; Bhope, Rahul Atul; Namtirtha, Amrita; Sundararajan, Amritha; Bhargav, Sharath Suresh; Thakkar, Nihar; Kiran, Raj title: GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management date: 2020-11-11 journal: J Indian Inst Sci DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00201-5 sha: doc_id: 35285 cord_uid: dx5bbeqm file: cache/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.json key: cord-035380-qfvskz9n authors: Nasajpour, Mohammad; Pouriyeh, Seyedamin; Parizi, Reza M.; Dorodchi, Mohsen; Valero, Maria; Arabnia, Hamid R. title: Internet of Things for Current COVID-19 and Future Pandemics: an Exploratory Study date: 2020-11-12 journal: J Healthc Inform Res DOI: 10.1007/s41666-020-00080-6 sha: doc_id: 35380 cord_uid: qfvskz9n file: cache/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.json key: cord-035396-lg7m9xzs authors: Bains, Amarpreet S.; Wang, Erwin; Duran, Deserie; Lee-Riley, Lorna; Volpicelli, Frank title: Maintaining Throughput and Reducing Discharge Delays After Increasing Capacity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital’s Experience date: 2020-11-12 journal: NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv DOI: 10.1056/cat.20.0425 sha: doc_id: 35396 cord_uid: lg7m9xzs file: cache/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.json key: cord-103214-3lz33pj3 authors: Kortuem, S. 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Najmul title: A Survey on the Use of AI and ML for Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 118509 cord_uid: nws464ug file: cache/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.json key: cord-104473-bx3svdrk authors: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha; Aurora, Lyudmila; Jayarangaiah, Apoorva; Yadav, Vivek; Hossain, Naseem. 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Kamarul, T; Lok, WY; Mansor, M; Li, X; Wong, J; Saw, A title: COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 journal: Malays Orthop J DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104426 cord_uid: qz8pffei file: cache/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.json key: cord-104441-zxxg8i1b authors: Raoufi, Masoomeh; Safavi Naini, Seyed Amir Ahmad; Azizan, Zahra; Jafar Zade, Fatemeh; Shojaeian, Fatemeh; Ghanbari Boroujeni, Masoud; Robatjazi, Farzaneh; Haghighi, Mehrdad; Arhami Dolatabadi, Ali; Soleimantabar, Hossein; Shoaee, Simindokht; Hatamabadi, Hamidreza title: Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Mortality of COVID-19 Cases; a Cross sectional Study date: 2020-05-14 journal: Arch Acad Emerg Med DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104441 cord_uid: zxxg8i1b file: cache/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.json key: cord-119307-rlc2f6zw authors: Zhang, Edwin; Gupta, Nikhil; Tang, Raphael; Han, Xiao; Pradeep, Ronak; Lu, Kuang; Zhang, Yue; Nogueira, Rodrigo; 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Yang, Shuiqiao; Xiao, Chun; Chen, Fang title: Examination of community sentiment dynamics due to covid-19 pandemic: a case study from Australia date: 2020-06-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 123714 cord_uid: 1ll0a9q6 file: cache/cord-119104-9d421si9.json key: cord-119104-9d421si9 authors: Huynh, Tin Van; Nguyen, Luan Thanh; Luu, Son T. title: BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models date: 2020-09-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 119104 cord_uid: 9d421si9 file: cache/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.json key: cord-121777-3zrnz9nc authors: Qian, Xuelin; Fu, Huazhu; Shi, Weiya; Chen, Tao; Fu, Yanwei; Shan, Fei; Xue, Xiangyang title: M3Lung-Sys: A Deep Learning System for Multi-Class Lung Pneumonia Screening from CT Imaging date: 2020-10-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 121777 cord_uid: 3zrnz9nc file: cache/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.json key: cord-104507-xx7t26rl authors: Safari, Saeid; Salimi, Alireza; Zali, Alireza; Jahangirifard, Alireza; Bastanhagh, Ehsan; Aminnejad, Reza; Dabbagh, Ali; Lotfi, Amir Hossein; Saeidi, Mohammad title: Extracorporeal Hemoperfusion as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Severe COVID-19 patients; a Narrative Review date: 2020-08-22 journal: Arch Acad Emerg Med DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104507 cord_uid: xx7t26rl file: cache/cord-124618-51235tn2.json key: cord-124618-51235tn2 authors: Said, Ahmed Ben; Erradi, Abdelkarim; Aly, Hussein; Mohamed, Abdelmonem title: Predicting COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series date: 2020-09-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 124618 cord_uid: 51235tn2 file: cache/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.json key: cord-104500-m0kfom0x authors: Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M.; Papaefthymiou, Apostolis; Georgilas, Nikolaos; Doulberis, Michael; Kountouras, Jannis title: The Potential Role of Super Spread Events in SARS-COV-2 Pandemic; a Narrative Review date: 2020-09-21 journal: Arch Acad Emerg Med DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104500 cord_uid: m0kfom0x file: cache/cord-104486-syirijql.json key: cord-104486-syirijql authors: Adiga, Aniruddha; Chen, Jiangzhuo; Marathe, Madhav; Mortveit, Henning; Venkatramanan, Srinivasan; Vullikanti, Anil title: Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date: 2020-09-21 journal: ArXiv DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104486 cord_uid: syirijql key: cord-118731-h5au2h09 authors: Adiga, Aniruddha; Chen, Jiangzhuo; Marathe, Madhav; Mortveit, Henning; Venkatramanan, Srinivasan; Vullikanti, Anil title: Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date: 2020-09-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 118731 cord_uid: h5au2h09 file: cache/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.json key: cord-104509-hxaq9bf5 authors: Khateri, Sorour; Mohammadi, Hedyeh; Khateri, Rozhin; Moradi, Yousef title: The Prevalence of Underlying Diseases and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients; an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 journal: Arch Acad Emerg Med DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 104509 cord_uid: hxaq9bf5 file: cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.json key: cord-121285-4ni1vv4l authors: Zhang, Han; Nurius, Paula; 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Huo, Jiayu; Xia, Liming; Shan, Fei; Liu, Jun; Mo, Zhanhao; Yan, Fuhua; Ding, Zhongxiang; Yang, Qi; Song, Bin; Shi, Feng; Yuan, Huan; Wei, Ying; Cao, Xiaohuan; Gao, Yaozong; Wu, Dijia; Wang, Qian; Shen, Dinggang title: Dual-Sampling Attention Network for Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 129728 cord_uid: fpoqjmes file: cache/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.json key: cord-131094-1zz8rd3h authors: Parisi, L.; Neagu, D.; Ma, R.; Campean, F. title: QReLU and m-QReLU: Two novel quantum activation functions to aid medical diagnostics date: 2020-10-15 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 131094 cord_uid: 1zz8rd3h file: cache/cord-133143-ws708tsc.json key: cord-133143-ws708tsc authors: Xu, Wentao; Sasahara, Kazutoshi title: Characterizing the roles of bots during the COVID-19 infodemic on Twitter date: 2020-11-12 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 133143 cord_uid: ws708tsc file: cache/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.json key: cord-132120-u5s5heqm authors: Dempsey, Walter title: The Hypothesis of Testing: Paradoxes arising out of reported coronavirus case-counts date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 132120 cord_uid: u5s5heqm file: cache/cord-124654-zs2533s5.json key: cord-124654-zs2533s5 authors: Wei, Wenqi; Wang, Jianzong; Ma, Jiteng; Cheng, Ning; Xiao, Jing title: A Real-time Robot-based Auxiliary System for Risk Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-18 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 124654 cord_uid: zs2533s5 file: cache/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.json key: cord-133998-yni5wnwq authors: Lee, Myeong; Lee, Seongkyu; Kim, Seonghoon; Park, Noseong title: Human Mobility during COVID-19 in the Context of Mild Social Distancing: Implications for Technological Interventions date: 2020-06-28 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 133998 cord_uid: yni5wnwq file: cache/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.json key: cord-131975-9z3skg4n authors: Senapati, Abhishek; Rana, Sourav; Das, Tamalendu; Chattopadhyay, Joydev title: Impact of intervention on the spread of COVID-19 in India: A model based study date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 131975 cord_uid: 9z3skg4n file: cache/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.json key: cord-127860-9fngwsh3 authors: Reyad, Omar title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I date: 2020-03-20 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 127860 cord_uid: 9fngwsh3 file: cache/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.json key: cord-122159-sp6o6h31 authors: Raskar, Ramesh; Nadeau, Greg; Werner, John; Barbar, Rachel; Mehra, Ashley; Harp, Gabriel; Leopoldseder, Markus; Wilson, Bryan; Flakoll, Derrick; Vepakomma, Praneeth; Pahwa, Deepti; Beaudry, Robson; Flores, Emelin; Popielarz, Maciej; Bhatia, Akanksha; Nuzzo, Andrea; Gee, Matt; Summet, Jay; Surati, Rajeev; Khastgir, Bikram; Benedetti, Francesco Maria; Vilcans, Kristen; Leis, Sienna; Louisy, Khahlil title: COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps: Evaluation and Assessment for Decision Makers date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 122159 cord_uid: sp6o6h31 file: cache/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.json key: cord-127759-wpqdtdjs authors: Qi, Xiao; Brown, Lloyd; Foran, David J.; Hacihaliloglu, Ilker title: Chest X-ray Image Phase Features for Improved Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Convolutional Neural Network date: 2020-11-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 127759 cord_uid: wpqdtdjs file: cache/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.json key: cord-130351-w9mij6c6 authors: Mamidala, Estari; Davella, Rakesh; Gurrapu, Swapna; Shivakrishna, Pujala title: In silico identification of clinically approved medicines against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of covid-19 date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 130351 cord_uid: w9mij6c6 file: cache/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.json key: cord-137263-mbww0yyt authors: Hayashi, Teruaki; Uehara, Nao; Hase, Daisuke; Ohsawa, Yukio title: Data Requests and Scenarios for Data Design of Unobserved Events in Corona-related Confusion Using TEEDA date: 2020-09-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 137263 cord_uid: mbww0yyt file: cache/cord-136138-baxmoutj.json key: cord-136138-baxmoutj authors: Hobson, Stacy; Hind, Michael; Mojsilovic, Aleksandra; Varshney, Kush R. title: Trust and Transparency in Contact Tracing Applications date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 136138 cord_uid: baxmoutj file: cache/cord-135296-qv7pacau.json key: cord-135296-qv7pacau authors: Polsinelli, Matteo; Cinque, Luigi; Placidi, Giuseppe title: A Light CNN for detecting COVID-19 from CT scans of the chest date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 135296 cord_uid: qv7pacau file: cache/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.json key: cord-132051-pb4ppdlm authors: Cai, Yong; Goehring, Grant title: The 2020 Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 132051 cord_uid: pb4ppdlm file: cache/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.json key: cord-135363-l2r6uprq authors: Bolsover, Gillian title: Balancing freedoms, rights and responsibilities during COVID in US: a study of anti- and pro-restriction discourse date: 2020-08-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 135363 cord_uid: l2r6uprq file: cache/cord-138439-wvynetna.json key: cord-138439-wvynetna authors: Wei, Xiyi; Xiao, Yu-Tian; Wang, Jian; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Wei; Yang, Yue; Lv, Daojun; Qin, Chao; Gu, Di; Zhang, Bo; Chen, Weidong; Hou, Jianquan; Song, Ninghong; Zeng, Guohua; Ren, Shancheng title: Sex Differences in Severity and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Evidence from Pooled Literature Analysis and Insights from Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 138439 cord_uid: wvynetna file: cache/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.json key: cord-142894-jrkqfl9p authors: Bandt, Christoph title: Transparent Covid-19 prediction date: 2020-04-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 142894 cord_uid: jrkqfl9p file: cache/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.json key: cord-138978-hfmgc5ve authors: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa; Vagavolu, Dheeraj; Chimalakonda, Sridhar title: Mood of India During Covid-19 -- An Interactive Web Portal Based on Emotion Analysis of Twitter Data date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 138978 cord_uid: hfmgc5ve file: cache/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.json key: cord-138965-pcmpc5sd authors: Afzal, Shehzad; Ghani, Sohaib; Jenkins-Smith, Hank C.; Ebert, David S.; Hadwiger, Markus; Hoteit, Ibrahim title: A Visual Analytics Based Decision Making Environment for COVID-19 Modeling and Visualization date: 2020-10-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 138965 cord_uid: pcmpc5sd file: cache/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.json key: cord-140847-d6w8fu3b authors: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa; Vagavolu, Dheeraj; Chimalakonda, Sridhar title: SurviveCovid-19 -- A Game for Improving Awareness of Social Distancing and Health Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 140847 cord_uid: d6w8fu3b file: cache/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.json key: cord-141541-g5pt10yn authors: McLachlan, Scott; Lucas, Peter; Dube, Kudakwashe; Hitman, Graham A; Osman, Magda; Kyrimi, Evangelia; Neil, Martin; Fenton, Norman E title: Bluetooth Smartphone Apps: Are they the most private and effective solution for COVID-19 contact tracing? date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 141541 cord_uid: g5pt10yn file: cache/cord-144221-ohorip57.json key: cord-144221-ohorip57 authors: Kapoor, Mudit; Malani, Anup; Ravi, Shamika; Agrawal, Arnav title: Authoritarian Governments Appear to Manipulate COVID Data date: 2020-07-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 144221 cord_uid: ohorip57 file: cache/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.json key: cord-138473-cajdh1z1 authors: Mobiny, Aryan; Cicalese, Pietro Antonio; Zare, Samira; Yuan, Pengyu; Abavisani, Mohammadsajad; Wu, Carol C.; Ahuja, Jitesh; Groot, Patricia M. de; Nguyen, Hien Van title: Radiologist-Level COVID-19 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 138473 cord_uid: cajdh1z1 file: cache/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.json key: cord-145906-4vgbzcx8 authors: Chae, Seo Yoon; Lee, Kyoung-Eun; Lee, Hyun Min; Jun, Nam; Le, Quang Ahn; Mafwele, Biseko Juma; Lee, Tae Ho; Kim, Doo Hwan; Lee, Jae Woo title: Estimation of Infection Rate and Prediction of Initial Infected Individuals of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 145906 cord_uid: 4vgbzcx8 file: cache/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.json key: cord-140679-r6exuzxs authors: Calderon-Ramirez, Saul; Shengxiang-Yang,; Moemeni, Armaghan; Elizondo, David; Colreavy-Donnelly, Simon; Chavarria-Estrada, Luis Fernando; Molina-Cabello, Miguel A. title: Correcting Data Imbalance for Semi-Supervised Covid-19 Detection Using X-ray Chest Images date: 2020-08-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 140679 cord_uid: r6exuzxs file: cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.json key: cord-143246-f97v2cih authors: Paul, Aneesh Mathews; SusanThomas, Sinnu title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 143246 cord_uid: f97v2cih file: cache/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.json key: cord-147282-6a1dfzs8 authors: Bermudi, Patricia Marques Moralejo; Lorenz, Camila; Aguiar, Breno Souza de; Failla, Marcelo Antunes; Barrozo, Ligia Vizeu; Chiaravalloti-Neto, Francisco title: Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions date: 2020-08-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 147282 cord_uid: 6a1dfzs8 file: cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.json key: cord-144860-a4i9vnjz authors: Nason, Guy P. title: Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 144860 cord_uid: a4i9vnjz file: cache/cord-154091-uuupn82y.json key: cord-154091-uuupn82y authors: Xu, Zhanwei; Cao, Yukun; Jin, Cheng; Shao, Guozhu; Liu, Xiaoqing; Zhou, Jie; Shi, Heshui; Feng, Jianjiang title: GASNet: Weakly-supervised Framework for COVID-19 Lesion Segmentation date: 2020-10-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 154091 cord_uid: uuupn82y file: cache/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.json key: cord-152740-ln2dbqn2 authors: Najafi, Ali; Gholipour-Shilabin, Araz; Dehkharghani, Rahim; Mohammadpur-Fard, Ali; Asgari-Chenaghlu, Meysam title: ComStreamClust: A communicative text clustering approach to topic detection in streaming data date: 2020-10-11 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 152740 cord_uid: ln2dbqn2 file: cache/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.json key: cord-147853-h9t7sp4z authors: Stephany, Fabian; Stoehr, Niklas; Darius, Philipp; Neuhauser, Leonie; Teutloff, Ole; Braesemann, Fabian title: The CoRisk-Index: A data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk assessments related to COVID-19 in real-time date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 147853 cord_uid: h9t7sp4z file: cache/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.json key: cord-152881-k1hx1m61 authors: Toda, Alexis Akira title: Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Dynamics of COVID-19 and Economic Impact date: 2020-03-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 152881 cord_uid: k1hx1m61 file: cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.json key: cord-152238-z0gysxni authors: Aronna, M. Soledad; Guglielmi, Roberto; Moschen, Lucas M. title: A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 152238 cord_uid: z0gysxni file: cache/cord-148145-qg5623s7.json key: cord-148145-qg5623s7 authors: Singh, Bikash Chandra; Alom, Zulfikar; Rahman, Mohammad Muntasir; Baowaly, Mrinal Kanti; Azim, Mohammad Abdul title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Subcontinent: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-08-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 148145 cord_uid: qg5623s7 file: cache/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.json key: cord-155530-fz9l7rc7 authors: Pierson, Emma title: Assessing racial inequality in COVID-19 testing with Bayesian threshold tests date: 2020-11-02 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 155530 cord_uid: fz9l7rc7 file: cache/cord-151118-25cbus1m.json key: cord-151118-25cbus1m authors: Murray, Benjamin; Kerfoot, Eric; Graham, Mark S.; Sudre, Carole H.; Molteni, Erika; Canas, Liane S.; Antonelli, Michela; Visconti, Alessia; Chan, Andrew T.; Franks, Paul W.; Davies, Richard; Wolf, Jonathan; Spector, Tim; Steves, Claire J.; Modat, Marc; Ourselin, Sebastien title: Accessible Data Curation and Analytics for International-Scale Citizen Science Datasets date: 2020-11-02 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 151118 cord_uid: 25cbus1m file: cache/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.json key: cord-155804-ft2pbgsl authors: Yamac, Mehmet; Ahishali, Mete; Degerli, Aysen; Kiranyaz, Serkan; Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.; Gabbouj, Moncef title: Convolutional Sparse Support Estimator Based Covid-19 Recognition from X-ray Images date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 155804 cord_uid: ft2pbgsl file: cache/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.json key: cord-168557-xt4bf31r authors: Yi, Jirong; Cho, Myung; Wu, Xiaodong; Mudumbai, Raghu; Xu, Weiyu title: Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints date: 2020-08-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 168557 cord_uid: xt4bf31r file: cache/cord-150218-javbnjrg.json key: cord-150218-javbnjrg authors: Gupta, Prateek; Maharaj, Tegan; Weiss, Martin; Rahaman, Nasim; Alsdurf, Hannah; Sharma, Abhinav; Minoyan, Nanor; Harnois-Leblanc, Soren; Schmidt, Victor; Charles, Pierre-Luc St.; Deleu, Tristan; Williams, Andrew; Patel, Akshay; Qu, Meng; Bilaniuk, Olexa; Caron, Ga'etan Marceau; Carrier, Pierre Luc; Ortiz-Gagn'e, Satya; Rousseau, Marc-Andre; Buckeridge, David; Ghosn, Joumana; Zhang, Yang; Scholkopf, Bernhard; Tang, Jian; Rish, Irina; Pal, Christopher; Merckx, Joanna; Muller, Eilif B.; Bengio, Yoshua title: COVI-AgentSim: an Agent-based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 150218 cord_uid: javbnjrg file: cache/cord-153150-rep51ly9.json key: cord-153150-rep51ly9 authors: Tang, Chen; Wang, Tiandong; Zhang, Panpan title: Functional data analysis: An application to COVID-19 data in the United States date: 2020-09-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 153150 cord_uid: rep51ly9 file: cache/cord-160526-27kmder5.json key: cord-160526-27kmder5 authors: Meyer, R. Daniel; Ratitch, Bohdana; Wolbers, Marcel; Marchenko, Olga; Quan, Hui; Li, Daniel; Fletcher, Chrissie; Li, Xin; Wright, David; Shentu, Yue; Englert, Stefan; Shen, Wei; Dey, Jyotirmoy; Liu, Thomas; Zhou, Ming; Bohidar, Norman; Zhao, Peng-Liang; Hale, Michael title: Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 160526 cord_uid: 27kmder5 file: cache/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.json key: cord-169484-mjtlhh5e authors: Pellert, Max; Lasser, Jana; Metzler, Hannah; Garcia, David title: Dashboard of sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 169484 cord_uid: mjtlhh5e file: cache/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.json key: cord-151667-nz26lxyk authors: Born, Jannis; Wiedemann, Nina; Brandle, Gabriel; Buhre, Charlotte; Rieck, Bastian; Borgwardt, Karsten title: Accelerating COVID-19 Differential Diagnosis with Explainable Ultrasound Image Analysis date: 2020-09-13 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 151667 cord_uid: nz26lxyk file: cache/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.json key: cord-164374-d3zojh1g authors: Chowdhury, Aritra; Santamaria-Pang, Alberto; Kubricht, James R.; Qiu, Jianwei; Tu, Peter title: Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages date: 2020-08-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 164374 cord_uid: d3zojh1g file: cache/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.json key: cord-168579-w2lsg7go authors: Lee, Minha; Zhao, Jun; Sun, Qianqian; Pan, Yixuan; Zhou, Weiyi; Xiong, Chenfeng; Zhang, Lei title: Human Mobility Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 168579 cord_uid: w2lsg7go file: cache/cord-168974-w80gndka.json key: cord-168974-w80gndka authors: Ozkaya, Umut; Ozturk, Saban; Barstugan, Mucahid title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Classification using Deep Features Fusion and Ranking Technique date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 168974 cord_uid: w80gndka file: cache/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.json key: cord-170666-zjwlmzj3 authors: Liu, Shinan; Schmitt, Paul; Bronzino, Francesco; Feamster, Nick title: Characterizing Service Provider Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-11-01 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 170666 cord_uid: zjwlmzj3 file: cache/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.json key: cord-158545-qp5aemzw authors: Stier, Andrew J.; Berman, Marc G.; Bettencourt, Luis M. A. title: COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size date: 2020-03-23 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 158545 cord_uid: qp5aemzw file: cache/cord-159554-50077dgk.json key: cord-159554-50077dgk authors: Shan, Fei; Gao, Yaozong; Wang, Jun; Shi, Weiya; Shi, Nannan; Han, Miaofei; Xue, Zhong; Shen, Dinggang; Shi, Yuxin title: Lung Infection Quantification of COVID-19 in CT Images with Deep Learning date: 2020-03-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 159554 cord_uid: 50077dgk file: cache/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.json key: cord-171089-z4oya6kz authors: Liu, Meijun; Bu, Yi; Chen, Chongyan; Xu, Jian; Li, Daifeng; Leng, Yan; Freeman, Richard Barry; Meyer, Eric; Yoon, Wonjin; Sung, Mujeen; Jeong, Minbyul; Lee, Jinhyuk; Kang, Jaewoo; Song, Min; Zhai, Yujia; Ding, Ying title: Can pandemics transform scientific novelty? Evidence from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 171089 cord_uid: z4oya6kz file: cache/cord-167889-um3djluz.json key: cord-167889-um3djluz authors: Chen, Jianguo; Li, Kenli; Zhang, Zhaolei; Li, Keqin; Yu, Philip S. title: A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Against COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 167889 cord_uid: um3djluz file: cache/cord-171660-iqgi1906.json key: cord-171660-iqgi1906 authors: Yin, Hui; Yang, Shuiqiao; Li, Jianxin title: Detecting Topic and Sentiment Dynamics Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Using Social Media date: 2020-07-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 171660 cord_uid: iqgi1906 file: cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.json key: cord-168710-a5pst4gf authors: Jalilian, Abdollah; Mateu, Jorge title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 168710 cord_uid: a5pst4gf file: cache/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.json key: cord-154587-qbmm5st9 authors: Nguyen, Thanh Thi title: Artificial Intelligence in the Battle against Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Survey and Future Research Directions date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 154587 cord_uid: qbmm5st9 file: cache/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.json key: cord-162772-5jgqgoet authors: Viguerie, Alex; Lorenzo, Guillermo; Auricchio, Ferdinando; Baroli, Davide; Hughes, Thomas J.R.; Patton, Alessia; Reali, Alessandro; Yankeelov, Thomas E.; Veneziani, Alessandro title: Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 162772 cord_uid: 5jgqgoet file: cache/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.json key: cord-158252-l43ztxsl authors: Pawlowski, Colin; Wagner, Tyler; Puranik, Arjun; Murugadoss, Karthik; Loscalzo, Liam; Venkatakrishnan, AJ; Pruthi, Rajiv K.; Houghton, Damon E.; OHoro, John C.; Morice, William G.; Halamka, John; Badley, Andrew D.; Barnathan, Elliot S.; Makimura, Hideo; Khan, Najat; Soundararajan, Venky title: Longitudinal laboratory testing tied to PCR diagnostics in COVID-19 patients reveals temporal evolution of distinctive coagulopathy signatures date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 158252 cord_uid: l43ztxsl file: cache/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.json key: cord-169141-71qh6yjr authors: Krieg, Steven J.; Schnur, Jennifer J.; Marshall, Jermaine D.; Schoenbauer, Matthew M.; Chawla, Nitesh V. title: Pandemic Pulse: Unraveling and Modeling Social Signals during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 169141 cord_uid: 71qh6yjr file: cache/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.json key: cord-171703-n22tr8f2 authors: Hanmo, Li; Mengyang, Gu title: Robust estimation of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic at US counties date: 2020-10-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 171703 cord_uid: n22tr8f2 file: cache/cord-171868-315udu9w.json key: cord-171868-315udu9w authors: Hussein, Molla Rashied; Apu, Ehsanul Hoque; Shahabuddin, Shahriar; Shams, Abdullah Bin; Kabir, Russell title: Overview of digital health surveillance system during COVID-19 pandemic: public health issues and misapprehensions date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 171868 cord_uid: 315udu9w file: cache/cord-171231-m54moffr.json key: cord-171231-m54moffr authors: Habli, Ibrahim; Alexander, Rob; Hawkins, Richard; Sujan, Mark; McDermid, John; Picardi, Chiara; Lawton, Tom title: Enhancing Covid-19 Decision-Making by Creating an Assurance Case for Simulation Models date: 2020-05-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 171231 cord_uid: m54moffr file: cache/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.json key: cord-172814-rywu0xp5 authors: Chen, M. Keith; Zhuo, Yilin; Fuente, Malena de la; Rohla, Ryne; Long, Elisa F. title: Causal Estimation of Stay-at-Home Orders on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 172814 cord_uid: rywu0xp5 file: cache/cord-177610-8aodvgww.json key: cord-177610-8aodvgww authors: Groza, Adrian title: Detecting fake news for the new coronavirus by reasoning on the Covid-19 ontology date: 2020-04-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 177610 cord_uid: 8aodvgww file: cache/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.json key: cord-175149-pwntqqtd authors: Oniani, David; Wang, Yanshan title: A Qualitative Evaluation of Language Models on Automatic Question-Answering for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 175149 cord_uid: pwntqqtd file: cache/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.json key: cord-176481-12ny6l5a authors: Burridge, Henry C.; Noakes, Catherine J.; Linden, P. F. title: Airborne infection R-numbers for regularly attended spaces: COVID-19 a case-study date: 2020-09-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 176481 cord_uid: 12ny6l5a file: cache/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.json key: cord-176636-wzuhnfwp authors: Malhotra, Aakarsh; Mittal, Surbhi; Majumdar, Puspita; Chhabra, Saheb; Thakral, Kartik; Vatsa, Mayank; Singh, Richa; Chaudhury, Santanu; Pudrod, Ashwin; Agrawal, Anjali title: Multi-Task Driven Explainable Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-08-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 176636 cord_uid: wzuhnfwp file: cache/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.json key: cord-175085-nmuxnf7k authors: Mehrotra, Sanjay; Rahimian, Hamed; Barah, Masoud; Luo, Fengqiao; Schantz, Karolina title: A Model of Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 175085 cord_uid: nmuxnf7k file: cache/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.json key: cord-179749-qdbmpi7j authors: Sacks, Daniel W.; Menachemi, Nir; Embi, Peter; Wing, Coady title: What can we learn about SARS-CoV-2 prevalence from testing and hospital data? date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 179749 cord_uid: qdbmpi7j file: cache/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.json key: cord-174036-b3frnfr7 authors: Thomas, Loring J.; Huang, Peng; Yin, Fan; Luo, Xiaoshuang Iris; Almquist, Zack W.; Hipp, John R.; Butts, Carter T. title: Spatial Heterogeneity Can Lead to Substantial Local Variations in COVID-19 Timing and Severity date: 2020-05-20 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 174036 cord_uid: b3frnfr7 file: cache/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.json key: cord-182237-brzv7z2n authors: Rizk-Allah, Rizk M.; Hassanien, Aboul Ella title: COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 182237 cord_uid: brzv7z2n file: cache/cord-178783-894gkrsk.json key: cord-178783-894gkrsk authors: Zhang, Rui; Hristovski, Dimitar; Schutte, Dalton; Kastrin, Andrej; Fiszman, Marcelo; Kilicoglu, Halil title: Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion date: 2020-10-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 178783 cord_uid: 894gkrsk file: cache/cord-189256-72eumkal.json key: cord-189256-72eumkal authors: Santosh, Roshan; Schwartz, H. Andrew; Eichstaedt, Johannes C.; Ungar, Lyle H.; Guntuku, Sharath C. title: Detecting Emerging Symptoms of COVID-19 using Context-based Twitter Embeddings date: 2020-11-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 189256 cord_uid: 72eumkal file: cache/cord-184685-ho72q46e.json key: cord-184685-ho72q46e authors: Huang, Tongtong; Chu, Yan; Shams, Shayan; Kim, Yejin; Allen, Genevera; Annapragada, Ananth V; Subramanian, Devika; Kakadiaris, Ioannis; Gottlieb, Assaf; Jiang, Xiaoqian title: Population stratification enables modeling effects of reopening policies on mortality and hospitalization rates date: 2020-08-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 184685 cord_uid: ho72q46e file: cache/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.json key: cord-177001-ron8oqrn authors: Afshordi, Niayesh; Holder, Benjamin; Bahrami, Mohammad; Lichtblau, Daniel title: Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-01 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 177001 cord_uid: ron8oqrn file: cache/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.json key: cord-183600-wxfq90zq authors: Arthur, Rudy title: Studying the UK Job Market During the COVID-19 Crisis with Online Job Ads date: 2020-10-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 183600 cord_uid: wxfq90zq file: cache/cord-180457-047iqerh.json key: cord-180457-047iqerh authors: Gorrell, Genevieve; Farrell, Tracie; Bontcheva, Kalina title: MP Twitter Abuse in the Age of COVID-19: White Paper date: 2020-06-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 180457 cord_uid: 047iqerh file: cache/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.json key: cord-192409-vhd7gjmf authors: Goldstein, Elisha; Keidar, Daphna; Yaron, Daniel; Shachar, Yair; Blass, Ayelet; Charbinsky, Leonid; Aharony, Israel; Lifshitz, Liza; Lumelsky, Dimitri; Neeman, Ziv; Mizrachi, Matti; Hajouj, Majd; Eizenbach, Nethanel; Sela, Eyal; Weiss, Chedva S; Levin, Philip; Benjaminov, Ofer; Bachar, Gil N; Tamir, Shlomit; Rapson, Yael; Suhami, Dror; Dror, Amiel A; Bogot, Naama R; Grubstein, Ahuva; Shabshin, Nogah; Elyada, Yishai M; Eldar, Yonina C title: COVID-19 Classification of X-ray Images Using Deep Neural Networks date: 2020-10-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 192409 cord_uid: vhd7gjmf file: cache/cord-186831-724br56j.json key: cord-186831-724br56j authors: Chen, Xiaocong; Yao, Lina; Zhou, Tao; Dong, Jinming; Zhang, Yu title: Momentum Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot COVID-19 Diagnosis from Chest CT Images date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 186831 cord_uid: 724br56j file: cache/cord-185125-be11h9wn.json key: cord-185125-be11h9wn authors: Baldea, Ioan title: What Can We Learn from the Time Evolution of COVID-19 Epidemic in Slovenia? date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 185125 cord_uid: be11h9wn file: cache/cord-198272-s0lk1812.json key: cord-198272-s0lk1812 authors: Bairagi, Anupam Kumar; Masud, Mehedi; Kim, Do Hyeon; Munir, Md. Shirajum; Nahid, Abdullah Al; Abedin, Sarder Fakhrul; Alam, Kazi Masudul; Biswas, Sujit; Alshamrani, Sultan S; Han, Zhu; Hong, Choong Seon title: Controlling the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Noncooperative Game Perspective date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 198272 cord_uid: s0lk1812 file: cache/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.json key: cord-189629-7qaqu02f authors: Tan, Tao; Das, Bipul; Soni, Ravi; Fejes, Mate; Ranjan, Sohan; Szabo, Daniel Attila; Melapudi, Vikram; Shriram, K S; Agrawal, Utkarsh; Rusko, Laszlo; Herczeg, Zita; Darazs, Barbara; Tegzes, Pal; Ferenczi, Lehel; Mullick, Rakesh; Avinash, Gopal title: Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 189629 cord_uid: 7qaqu02f file: cache/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.json key: cord-180835-sgu7ayvw authors: Kolic, Blas; Dyer, Joel title: Data-driven modeling of public risk perception and emotion on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 180835 cord_uid: sgu7ayvw file: cache/cord-187703-40382yjq.json key: cord-187703-40382yjq authors: Buzzell, Andrew title: COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation on Social Networks -- The Limits of Veritistic Countermeasures date: 2020-08-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 187703 cord_uid: 40382yjq file: cache/cord-195263-i4wyhque.json key: cord-195263-i4wyhque authors: Heider, Philipp title: COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 195263 cord_uid: i4wyhque file: cache/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.json key: cord-184424-t8yhu7p8 authors: Miralles-Pechu'an, Luis; Jim'enez, Fernando; Ponce, Hiram; Mart'inez-Villasenor, Lourdes title: A Deep Q-learning/genetic Algorithms Based Novel Methodology For Optimizing Covid-19 Pandemic Government Actions date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 184424 cord_uid: t8yhu7p8 file: cache/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.json key: cord-189307-qb0s06tl authors: Wang, Linda; Wong, Alexander title: COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-03-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 189307 cord_uid: qb0s06tl file: cache/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.json key: cord-199863-5j01k5v6 authors: Verenich, Edward; Velasquez, Alvaro; Khan, Nazar; Hussain, Faraz title: Improving Explainability of Image Classification in Scenarios with Class Overlap: Application to COVID-19 and Pneumonia date: 2020-08-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 199863 cord_uid: 5j01k5v6 file: cache/cord-190407-l9mutkby.json key: cord-190407-l9mutkby authors: Ziems, Caleb; He, Bing; Soni, Sandeep; Kumar, Srijan title: Racism is a Virus: Anti-Asian Hate and Counterhate in Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 190407 cord_uid: l9mutkby file: cache/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.json key: cord-199156-7yxzj7tw authors: Chan, Ho Fai; Skali, Ahmed; Savage, David; Stadelmann, David; Torgler, Benno title: Risk Attitudes and Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 199156 cord_uid: 7yxzj7tw file: cache/cord-202465-38oeau38.json key: cord-202465-38oeau38 authors: Voorhees, Ellen; Alam, Tasmeer; Bedrick, Steven; Demner-Fushman, Dina; Hersh, William R; Lo, Kyle; Roberts, Kirk; Soboroff, Ian; Wang, Lucy Lu title: TREC-COVID: Constructing a Pandemic Information Retrieval Test Collection date: 2020-05-09 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 202465 cord_uid: 38oeau38 file: cache/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.json key: cord-185121-f6vjm4j4 authors: Paiva, Henrique Mohallem; Afonso, Rubens Junqueira Magalhaes; Caldeira, Fabiana Mara Scarpelli de Lima Alvarenga; Velasquez, Ester de Andrade title: A computational tool for trend analysis and forecast of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 185121 cord_uid: f6vjm4j4 file: cache/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.json key: cord-184744-oyc2djxk authors: Parvez, Md Sorwer Alam; Azim, Kazi Faizul; Imran, Abdus Shukur; Raihan, Topu; Begum, Aklima; Shammi, Tasfia Saiyara; Howlader, Sabbir; Bhuiyan, Farhana Rumzum; Hasan, Mahmudul title: Virtual Screening of Plant Metabolites against Main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutics option of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 184744 cord_uid: oyc2djxk file: cache/cord-173774-idj19hd3.json key: cord-173774-idj19hd3 authors: Li, Jinfeng; Guo, Xinyi title: COVID-19 Contact-tracing Apps: a Survey on the Global Deployment and Challenges date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 173774 cord_uid: idj19hd3 file: cache/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.json key: cord-192653-6cv7qlcu authors: Alam, Firoj; Dalvi, Fahim; Shaar, Shaden; Durrani, Nadir; Mubarak, Hamdy; Nikolov, Alex; Martino, Giovanni Da San; Abdelali, Ahmed; Sajjad, Hassan; Darwish, Kareem; Nakov, Preslav title: Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Arms date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 192653 cord_uid: 6cv7qlcu file: cache/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.json key: cord-202824-jb47s9qt authors: Zhang, Pengyi; Zhong, Yunxin; Deng, Yulin; Tang, Xiaoying; Li, Xiaoqiong title: DRR4Covid: Learning Automated COVID-19 Infection Segmentation from Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 202824 cord_uid: jb47s9qt file: cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.json key: cord-201798-doi5w7tb authors: Seto, Christopher; Khademi, Aria; Graif, Corina; Honavar, Vasant G. title: Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date: 2020-10-02 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 201798 cord_uid: doi5w7tb file: cache/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.json key: cord-207839-h8mcmqnc authors: Amran, Dor; Frid-Adar, Maayan; Sagie, Nimrod; Nassar, Jannette; Kabakovitch, Asher; Greenspan, Hayit title: Automated triage of COVID-19 from various lung abnormalities using chest CT features date: 2020-10-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 207839 cord_uid: h8mcmqnc file: cache/cord-197818-asd39zbj.json key: cord-197818-asd39zbj authors: Wu, Kai; Saha, Renata; Su, Diqing; Krishna, Venkatramana D.; Liu, Jinming; Cheeran, Maxim C-J; Wang, Jian-Ping title: Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection Before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-09 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 197818 cord_uid: asd39zbj file: cache/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.json key: cord-207242-hb1r2aw7 authors: Ghader, Sepehr; Zhao, Jun; Lee, Minha; Zhou, Weiyi; Zhao, Guangchen; Zhang, Lei title: Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia date: 2020-04-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 207242 cord_uid: hb1r2aw7 file: cache/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.json key: cord-203191-7ftg6bfx authors: Guo, Kai; Wang, Zhihan; Gao, Pan; Pu, Qinqin; Wu, Min; Huang, Canhua; Hur, Junguk title: Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 203191 cord_uid: 7ftg6bfx file: cache/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.json key: cord-204125-fvd6d44c authors: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.; Rahman, Tawsifur; Khandakar, Amith; Al-Madeed, Somaya; Zughaier, Susu M.; Doi, Suhail A. R.; Hassen, Hanadi; Islam, Mohammad T. title: An early warning tool for predicting mortality risk of COVID-19 patients using machine learning date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 204125 cord_uid: fvd6d44c file: cache/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.json key: cord-196129-3zfeamgs authors: Demertzis, Konstantinos; Magafas, Lykourgos; Tsiotas, Dimitrios title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The"Greek"case in the Global Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 196129 cord_uid: 3zfeamgs file: cache/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.json key: cord-197480-qmzkpcmn authors: Motamed, Saman; Rogalla, Patrik; Khalvati, Farzad title: RANDGAN: Randomized Generative Adversarial Network for Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 197480 cord_uid: qmzkpcmn file: cache/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.json key: cord-209619-hy27h1nd authors: Dobin, Daniel; School, Alexander Dobin Candlewood Middle; York, New; USA,; Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 209619 cord_uid: hy27h1nd file: cache/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.json key: cord-198180-pwmr3m4o authors: Gupta, Deepti; Bhatt, Smriti; Gupta, Maanak; Tosun, Ali Saman title: Future Smart Connected Communities to Fight COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-20 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 198180 cord_uid: pwmr3m4o file: cache/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.json key: cord-207989-hn37wkhf authors: Bras, Pierre Le; Gharavi, Azimeh; Robb, David A.; Vidal, Ana F.; Padilla, Stefano; Chantler, Mike J. title: Visualising COVID-19 Research date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 207989 cord_uid: hn37wkhf file: cache/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.json key: cord-197922-i1ojh8jj authors: Kapoor, Amol; Ben, Xue; Liu, Luyang; Perozzi, Bryan; Barnes, Matt; Blais, Martin; O'Banion, Shawn title: Examining COVID-19 Forecasting using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks date: 2020-07-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 197922 cord_uid: i1ojh8jj file: cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.json key: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 authors: Fazeli, Shayan; Moatamed, Babak; Sarrafzadeh, Majid title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 208698 cord_uid: gm0b8u52 file: cache/cord-195929-cgabxs19.json key: cord-195929-cgabxs19 authors: Aggarwal, Jai; Rabinovich, Ella; Stevenson, Suzanne title: Exploration of Gender Differences in COVID-19 Discourse on Reddit date: 2020-08-13 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 195929 cord_uid: cgabxs19 file: cache/cord-204060-ddve4mga.json key: cord-204060-ddve4mga authors: Li, Tianyang; Han, Zhongyi; Wei, Benzheng; Zheng, Yuanjie; Hong, Yanfei; Cong, Jinyu title: Robust Screening of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray via Discriminative Cost-Sensitive Learning date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 204060 cord_uid: ddve4mga file: cache/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.json key: cord-208177-m8q6dyfx authors: Chaisemartin, Cl'ement de; Chaisemartin, Luc de title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-06-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 208177 cord_uid: m8q6dyfx file: cache/cord-205189-4be24yda.json key: cord-205189-4be24yda authors: Asawa, Parth; Gaur, Manas; Roy, Kaushik; Sheth, Amit title: COVID-19 in Spain and India: Comparing Policy Implications by Analyzing Epidemiological and Social Media Data date: 2020-10-26 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 205189 cord_uid: 4be24yda file: cache/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.json key: cord-208252-e0vlaoii authors: Calvetti, Daniela; Hoover, Alexander; Rose, Johnie; Somersalo, Erkki title: Bayesian dynamical estimation of the parameters of an SE(A)IR COVID-19 spread model date: 2020-05-09 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 208252 cord_uid: e0vlaoii file: cache/cord-215290-n1656hq0.json key: cord-215290-n1656hq0 authors: Tu, Jingxuan; Verhagen, Marc; Cochran, Brent; Pustejovsky, James title: Exploration and Discovery of the COVID-19 Literature through Semantic Visualization date: 2020-07-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 215290 cord_uid: n1656hq0 file: cache/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.json key: cord-215345-p1iktm9v authors: He, Bing; Garmire, Lana title: Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 215345 cord_uid: p1iktm9v file: cache/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.json key: cord-207180-k6f6cmyn authors: Shahrezaye, Morteza; Meckel, Miriam; Steinacker, L'ea; Suter, Viktor title: COVID-19's (mis)information ecosystem on Twitter: How partisanship boosts the spread of conspiracy narratives on German speaking Twitter date: 2020-09-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 207180 cord_uid: k6f6cmyn file: cache/cord-206006-8l7hrany.json key: cord-206006-8l7hrany authors: Wang, Rui; Hozumi, Yuta; Yin, Changchuan; Wei, Guo-Wei title: Mutations on COVID-19 diagnostic targets date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 206006 cord_uid: 8l7hrany file: cache/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.json key: cord-213187-f1ic63o5 authors: Rahman, Akond; Farhana, Effat title: An Exploratory Characterization of Bugs in COVID-19 Software Projects date: 2020-05-31 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 213187 cord_uid: f1ic63o5 file: cache/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.json key: cord-219520-by3gxrd8 authors: Pang, Junjie; Li, Jianbo; Xie, Zhenzhen; Huang, Yan; Cai, Zhipeng title: Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 219520 cord_uid: by3gxrd8 file: cache/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.json key: cord-217201-lvefk7qx authors: Wang, Yang; Zhang, Fengwei; Yu, Hong; Ye, Xianwei; He, Yongqun title: Ontology-based annotation and analysis of COVID-19 phenotypes date: 2020-08-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 217201 cord_uid: lvefk7qx file: cache/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.json key: cord-219681-83p1ujl4 authors: Gathergood, John; Guttman-Kenney, Benedict title: The English Patient: Evaluating Local Lockdowns Using Real-Time COVID-19&Consumption Data date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 219681 cord_uid: 83p1ujl4 file: cache/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.json key: cord-208179-9pwjnrgl authors: Farrell, Tracie; Gorrell, Genevieve; Bontcheva, Kalina title: Vindication, Virtue and Vitriol: A study of online engagement and abuse toward British MPs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 208179 cord_uid: 9pwjnrgl file: cache/cord-219880-3wob432t.json key: cord-219880-3wob432t authors: Ma, Liantao; Ma, Xinyu; Gao, Junyi; Zhang, Chaohe; Yu, Zhihao; Jiao, Xianfeng; Ruan, Wenjie; Wang, Yasha; Tang, Wen; Wang, Jiangtao title: CovidCare: Transferring Knowledge from Existing EMR to Emerging Epidemic for Interpretable Prognosis date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 219880 cord_uid: 3wob432t file: cache/cord-213974-rtltf11w.json key: cord-213974-rtltf11w authors: Lensink, Keegan; Laradji, Issam; Law, Marco; Barbano, Paolo Emilio; Nicolaou, Savvas; Parker, William; Haber, Eldad title: Segmentation of Pulmonary Opacification in Chest CT Scans of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 213974 cord_uid: rtltf11w file: cache/cord-229612-7xnredj7.json key: cord-229612-7xnredj7 authors: Pal, Ankit; Sankarasubbu, Malaikannan title: Pay Attention to the cough: Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Interpretable Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Sound Signal Processing date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 229612 cord_uid: 7xnredj7 file: cache/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.json key: cord-222664-4qyrtzhu authors: Coban, Mathew; Morrison, Juliet; Freeman, William D.; Radisky, Evette; Roch, Karine G. Le; Caulfield, Thomas R. title: Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement date: 2020-07-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 222664 cord_uid: 4qyrtzhu file: cache/cord-225145-m5udub60.json key: cord-225145-m5udub60 authors: Kai, De; Goldstein, Guy-Philippe; Morgunov, Alexey; Nangalia, Vishal; Rotkirch, Anna title: Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 225145 cord_uid: m5udub60 file: cache/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.json key: cord-225347-lnzz2chk authors: Chakraborty, Tanujit; Ghosh, Indrajit; Mahajan, Tirna; Arora, Tejasvi title: Nowcasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases: Foundations, trends, and challenges date: 2020-10-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 225347 cord_uid: lnzz2chk file: cache/cord-225887-kr9uljop.json key: cord-225887-kr9uljop authors: Thelwall, Mike; Thelwall, Saheeda title: Covid-19 Tweeting in English: Gender Differences date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 225887 cord_uid: kr9uljop file: cache/cord-219107-klpmipaj.json key: cord-219107-klpmipaj authors: Zachreson, Cameron; Mitchell, Lewis; Lydeamore, Michael; Rebuli, Nicolas; Tomko, Martin; Geard, Nicholas title: Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks using mobility data date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 219107 cord_uid: klpmipaj file: cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.json key: cord-234254-svjajpp4 authors: Kohler, J.; Schwenkel, L.; Koch, A.; Berberich, J.; Pauli, P.; Allgower, F. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 234254 cord_uid: svjajpp4 file: cache/cord-232657-deu921ma.json key: cord-232657-deu921ma authors: Prabhu, Shreekanth M.; Subramaniam, Natarajan title: Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 232657 cord_uid: deu921ma file: cache/cord-224428-t8s52emf.json key: cord-224428-t8s52emf authors: Tandon, Hiteshi; Ranjan, Prabhat; Chakraborty, Tanmoy; Suhag, Vandana title: Coronavirus (COVID-19): ARIMA based time-series analysis to forecast near future date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 224428 cord_uid: t8s52emf file: cache/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.json key: cord-218324-gqiapgiv authors: Dlotko, Pawel; Rudkin, Simon title: Visualising the Evolution of English Covid-19 Cases with Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 218324 cord_uid: gqiapgiv file: cache/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.json key: cord-223560-ppu6idl2 authors: Russo, Daniel; Hanel, Paul H. P.; Altnickel, Seraphina; Berkel, Niels van title: Predictors of Well-being and Productivity among Software Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic -- A Longitudinal Study date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 223560 cord_uid: ppu6idl2 file: cache/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.json key: cord-228736-x1w5pi67 authors: Suryanarayanan, Parthasarathy; Tsou, Ching-Huei; Poddar, Ananya; Mahajan, Diwakar; Dandala, Bharath; Madan, Piyush; Agrawal, Anshul; Wachira, Charles; Samuel, Osebe Mogaka; Bar-Shira, Osnat; Kipchirchir, Clifton; Okwako, Sharon; Ogallo, William; Otieno, Fred; Nyota, Timothy; Matu, Fiona; Barros, Vesna Resende; Shats, Daniel; Kagan, Oren; Remy, Sekou; Bent, Oliver; Mahatma, Shilpa; Walcott-Bryant, Aisha; Pathak, Divya; Rosen-Zvi, Michal title: WNTRAC: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Tracking of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Implemented Worldwide for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 228736 cord_uid: x1w5pi67 file: cache/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.json key: cord-233012-ltbvpv8b authors: Garcia-Gasulla, Dario; Napagao, Sergio Alvarez; Li, Irene; Maruyama, Hiroshi; Kanezashi, Hiroki; P'erez-Arnal, Raquel; Miyoshi, Kunihiko; Ishii, Euma; Suzuki, Keita; Shiba, Sayaka; Kurokawa, Mariko; Kanzawa, Yuta; Nakagawa, Naomi; Hanai, Masatoshi; Li, Yixin; Li, Tianxiao title: Global Data Science Project for COVID-19 Summary Report date: 2020-06-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 233012 cord_uid: ltbvpv8b file: cache/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.json key: cord-226621-x7slh9n9 authors: Inuwa-Dutse, Isa; Korkontzelos, Ioannis title: A curated collection of COVID-19 online datasets date: 2020-07-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 226621 cord_uid: x7slh9n9 file: cache/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.json key: cord-231762-ymz7z76i authors: Misra, Sampa; Jeon, Seungwan; Lee, Seiyon; Managuli, Ravi; Kim, Chulhong title: Multi-Channel Transfer Learning of Chest X-ray Images for Screening of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 231762 cord_uid: ymz7z76i file: cache/cord-235946-6vu34vce.json key: cord-235946-6vu34vce authors: Beskow, David M.; Carley, Kathleen M. title: Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-23 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 235946 cord_uid: 6vu34vce file: cache/cord-226263-ns628u21.json key: cord-226263-ns628u21 authors: Ye, Yanfang; Hou, Shifu; Fan, Yujie; Qian, Yiyue; Zhang, Yiming; Sun, Shiyu; Peng, Qian; Laparo, Kenneth title: $alpha$-Satellite: An AI-driven System and Benchmark Datasets for Hierarchical Community-level Risk Assessment to Help Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 226263 cord_uid: ns628u21 file: cache/cord-234918-puunbcio.json key: cord-234918-puunbcio authors: Shalu, Hrithwik; Harikrishnan, P; Das, Akash; Mandal, Megdut; Sali, Harshavardhan M; Kadiwala, Juned title: A Data-Efficient Deep Learning Based Smartphone Application For Detection Of Pulmonary Diseases Using Chest X-rays date: 2020-08-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 234918 cord_uid: puunbcio file: cache/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.json key: cord-240274-igoz2ei4 authors: Subirana, Brian; Hueto, Ferran; Rajasekaran, Prithvi; Laguarta, Jordi; Puig, Susana; Malvehy, Josep; Mitja, Oriol; Trilla, Antoni; Moreno, Carlos Iv'an; Valle, Jos'e Francisco Munoz; Gonz'alez, Ana Esther Mercado; Vizmanos, Barbara; Sarma, Sanjay title: Hi Sigma, do I have the Coronavirus?: Call for a New Artificial Intelligence Approach to Support Health Care Professionals Dealing With The COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 240274 cord_uid: igoz2ei4 file: cache/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.json key: cord-240742-w57e1eu6 authors: Arela-Bobadilla, Ronal title: Excess deaths hidden 100 days after the quarantine in Peru by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 240742 cord_uid: w57e1eu6 file: cache/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.json key: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv authors: Mongia, Aanchal; Saha, Sanjay Kr.; Chouzenoux, Emilie; Majumdar, Angshul title: A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials date: 2020-07-03 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 232446 cord_uid: vvb2ffhv file: cache/cord-234996-hah19vmk.json key: cord-234996-hah19vmk authors: Kabiri, Aliakbar; Darzi, Aref; Zhou, Weiyi; Sun, Qianqian; Zhang, Lei title: How different age groups responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility behaviors: a case study of the United States date: 2020-07-20 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 234996 cord_uid: hah19vmk file: cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.json key: cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 authors: Bento, Ana I.; Nguyen, Thuy; Wing, Coady; Lozano-Rojas, Felipe; Ahn, Yong-Yeol; Simon, Kosali title: Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 242887 cord_uid: gtmpd7t0 file: cache/cord-238881-tupom7fb.json key: cord-238881-tupom7fb authors: Yeh, Chun-Fu; Cheng, Hsien-Tzu; Wei, Andy; Chen, Hsin-Ming; Kuo, Po-Chen; Liu, Keng-Chi; Ko, Mong-Chi; Chen, Ray-Jade; Lee, Po-Chang; Chuang, Jen-Hsiang; Chen, Chi-Mai; Chen, Yi-Chang; Lee, Wen-Jeng; Chien, Ning; Chen, Jo-Yu; Huang, Yu-Sen; Chang, Yu-Chien; Huang, Yu-Cheng; Chou, Nai-Kuan; Chao, Kuan-Hua; Tu, Yi-Chin; Chang, Yeun-Chung; Liu, Tyng-Luh title: A Cascaded Learning Strategy for Robust COVID-19 Pneumonia Chest X-Ray Screening date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 238881 cord_uid: tupom7fb file: cache/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.json key: cord-239315-dk2lwsrx authors: Magklaras, Georgios; Bojorquez, Lucia Nikolaia Lopez title: A review of information security aspects of the emerging COVID-19 contact tracing mobile phone applications date: 2020-05-31 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 239315 cord_uid: dk2lwsrx file: cache/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.json key: cord-243982-qhrlvmap authors: Unberath, Mathias; Ghobadi, Kimia; Levin, Scott; Hinson, Jeremiah; Hager, Gregory D title: Artificial Intelligence-based Clinical Decision Support for COVID-19 -- Where Art Thou? date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 243982 cord_uid: qhrlvmap file: cache/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.json key: cord-229942-vofuo2g1 authors: Omae, Yuto; Toyotani, Jun; Hara, Kazuyuki; Gon, Yasuhiro; Takahashi, Hirotaka title: Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation date: 2020-08-30 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 229942 cord_uid: vofuo2g1 file: cache/cord-236775-tshyi559.json key: cord-236775-tshyi559 authors: Zine, Houssine; Lotfi, El Mehdi; Mahrouf, Marouane; Boukhouima, Adnane; Aqachmar, Yassine; Hattaf, Khalid; Torres, Delfim F. M.; Yousfi, Noura title: Modeling the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 236775 cord_uid: tshyi559 file: cache/cord-247879-jdkikd29.json key: cord-247879-jdkikd29 authors: Kayode, John Stephen; Embrandiri, Asha; Olateju, Adijat Olubukola title: The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities date: 2020-06-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 247879 cord_uid: jdkikd29 file: cache/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.json key: cord-246958-in0m5jnk authors: Dharawat, Arkin; Lourentzou, Ismini; Morales, Alex; Zhai, ChengXiang title: Drink bleach or do what now? Covid-HeRA: A dataset for risk-informed health decision making in the presence of COVID19 misinformation date: 2020-10-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 246958 cord_uid: in0m5jnk file: cache/cord-235691-en6fgilb.json key: cord-235691-en6fgilb authors: Althouse, Benjamin M.; Wenger, Edward A.; Miller, Joel C.; Scarpino, Samuel V.; Allard, Antoine; H'ebert-Dufresne, Laurent; Hu, Hao title: Stochasticity and heterogeneity in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-27 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 235691 cord_uid: en6fgilb file: cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.json key: cord-241146-j0qperwz authors: Lallie, Harjinder Singh; Shepherd, Lynsay A.; Nurse, Jason R. C.; Erola, Arnau; Epiphaniou, Gregory; Maple, Carsten; Bellekens, Xavier title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 241146 cord_uid: j0qperwz file: cache/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.json key: cord-238782-z9nb8cwt authors: Rajinikanth, Venkatesan; Kadry, Seifedine; Thanaraj, Krishnan Palani; Kamalanand, Krishnamurthy; Seo, Sanghyun title: Firefly-Algorithm Supported Scheme to Detect COVID-19 Lesion in Lung CT Scan Images using Shannon Entropy and Markov-Random-Field date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 238782 cord_uid: z9nb8cwt file: cache/cord-237140-ybfifsid.json key: cord-237140-ybfifsid authors: Wang, Ding; He, Brian Yueshuai; Gao, Jingqin; Chow, Joseph Y. J.; Ozbay, Kaan; Iyer, Shri title: Impact of COVID-19 Behavioral Inertia on Reopening Strategies for New York City Transit date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 237140 cord_uid: ybfifsid file: cache/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.json key: cord-246504-wjpi5uvz authors: Pandey, Abhishek; Nuti, Sudhakar V.; Sah, Pratha; Wells, Chad R.; Galvani, Alison P.; Townsend, Jeffrey P. title: The effect of extended closure of red-light areas on COVID-19 transmission in India date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 246504 cord_uid: wjpi5uvz file: cache/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.json key: cord-241686-bzt6jsyi authors: Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar; Kumar, Abhishek; Tiwari, Gargi; Kumar, Ratnesh; Misra, Neeraj title: In Silico Investigations on the Potential Inhibitors for COVID-19 Protease date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 241686 cord_uid: bzt6jsyi file: cache/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.json key: cord-238444-v9gfh3m1 authors: Maghdid, Halgurd S.; Ghafoor, Kayhan Zrar title: A Smartphone enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 238444 cord_uid: v9gfh3m1 file: cache/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.json key: cord-251581-8ubyveyt authors: Szymkowiak, Andrzej; Kulawik, Piotr; Jeganathan, Kishokanth; Guzik, Paulina title: In-store epidemic behavior: scale development and validation date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 251581 cord_uid: 8ubyveyt file: cache/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.json key: cord-251961-g0n85kxz authors: Li, Guoming; Yuan, Mei; Li, Haihong; Deng, Changsheng; Wang, Qi; Tang, Yexiao; Zhang, Hongying; Yu, Weisheng; Xu, Qin; Zou, Yuanyuan; Yuan, Yueming; Guo, Jiawen; Jin, Chunming; Guan, Xiangdong; Xie, Fengjie; Song, Jianping title: Safety and efficacy of Artemisinin-Piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomized, and controlled trial date: 2020-11-02 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106216 sha: doc_id: 251961 cord_uid: g0n85kxz file: cache/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.json key: cord-252015-9oiwcn8q authors: Niu, Alex; McDougal, April; Ning, Bo; Safa, Firas; Luk, Alfred; Mushatt, David M.; Nachabe, Adeem; Zwezdaryk, Kevin J.; Robinson, James; Peterson, Tim; Socola, Francisco; Safah, Hana; Hu, Tony; Saba, Nakhle S. title: COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma date: 2020-06-15 journal: Bone Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0972-8 sha: doc_id: 252015 cord_uid: 9oiwcn8q file: cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.json key: cord-247554-535cpe5x authors: Moustakas, Aristides title: Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date: 2020-05-29 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 247554 cord_uid: 535cpe5x file: cache/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.json key: cord-251957-luw8m3eq authors: Griffin, Claire L.; Sharma, Vikas; Sarfati, Mark R.; Smith, Brigitte K.; Kraiss, Larry W.; McKellar, Stephen H.; Koliopoulou, Antigone; Brooke, Benjamin S.; Selzman, Craig H.; Glotzbach, Jason P. title: Aortic Disease in the Time of COVID: Repercussions on Patient Care at an Academic Aortic Center date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.487 sha: doc_id: 251957 cord_uid: luw8m3eq file: cache/cord-249256-bd9j1din.json key: cord-249256-bd9j1din authors: Cho, Jungwoo; Shin, Yuyol; Kim, Seyun; Kim, Namwoo; Oh, Soohwan; Cho, Haechan; Yoon, Yoonjin title: Running the COVID-19 marathon: the behavioral adaptations in mobility and facemask over 27 weeks of pandemic in Seoul, South Korea date: 2020-09-09 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 249256 cord_uid: bd9j1din file: cache/cord-250374-y84dufy4.json key: cord-250374-y84dufy4 authors: Le'on, Ugo Avila-Ponce de; P'erez, 'Angel G. C.; Avila-Vales, Eric title: A data driven analysis and forecast of an SEIARD epidemic model for COVID-19 in Mexico date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 250374 cord_uid: y84dufy4 file: cache/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.json key: cord-249065-6yt3uqyy authors: Kassani, Sara Hosseinzadeh; Kassasni, Peyman Hosseinzadeh; Wesolowski, Michal J.; Schneider, Kevin A.; Deters, Ralph title: Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in X-ray and CT Images: A Machine Learning-Based Approach date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 249065 cord_uid: 6yt3uqyy file: cache/cord-247059-uez654q2.json key: cord-247059-uez654q2 authors: Alom, Md Zahangir; Rahman, M M Shaifur; Nasrin, Mst Shamima; Taha, Tarek M.; Asari, Vijayan K. title: COVID_MTNet: COVID-19 Detection with Multi-Task Deep Learning Approaches date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 247059 cord_uid: uez654q2 file: cache/cord-251945-v077hhgk.json key: cord-251945-v077hhgk authors: Titanji, Boghuma K; Farley, Monica M; Schinazi, Raymond F; Marconi, Vincent C title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib as Treatment of COVID-19 Friend or Foe of the Pancreas? Cerda-Contreras et.al date: 2020-08-14 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1212 sha: doc_id: 251945 cord_uid: v077hhgk file: cache/cord-252251-ji45igni.json key: cord-252251-ji45igni authors: Yannouchos, T.; Sussman, R.; Mier, J. M.; Poulas, K.; Farsalinos, K. title: Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122481 sha: doc_id: 252251 cord_uid: ji45igni file: cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.json key: cord-251962-xeue441p authors: Armour, Cherie; McGlinchey, Emily; Butter, Sarah; McAloney-Kocaman, Kareena; McPherson, Kerri E. title: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date: 2020-11-04 journal: J Psychopathol Behav Assess DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4 sha: doc_id: 251962 cord_uid: xeue441p file: cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.json key: cord-249166-0w0t631x authors: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm; Krickeberg, Klaus title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 249166 cord_uid: 0w0t631x file: cache/cord-249477-ux15lv31.json key: cord-249477-ux15lv31 authors: Darius, Philipp; Stephany, Fabian title: How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: 'Highjacking' Hashtags in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 249477 cord_uid: ux15lv31 file: cache/cord-252279-0gozdv43.json key: cord-252279-0gozdv43 authors: Pal, Amit; Pawar, Anil; Goswami, Kalyan; Sharma, Praveen; Prasad, Rajendra title: Hydroxychloroquine and Covid-19: A Cellular and Molecular Biology Based Update date: 2020-06-10 journal: Indian J Clin Biochem DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00900-x sha: doc_id: 252279 cord_uid: 0gozdv43 file: cache/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.json key: cord-252273-mykwzlsu authors: Politis, Constantina; Papadaki, Maria; Politi, Lida; Kourti, Georgia; Richardson, Clive; Asariotou, Marina; Tsakris, Athanassios; Mentis, Andreas title: Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components date: 2020-10-20 journal: Transfus Clin Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.007 sha: doc_id: 252273 cord_uid: mykwzlsu file: cache/cord-252084-04zbbyii.json key: cord-252084-04zbbyii authors: Dawson, P.; Rabold, E. M.; Laws, R. L.; Conners, E. E.; Gharpure, R.; Yin, S.; Buono, S.; Dasu, T.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Westergaard, R. P.; Pray, I. W.; Ye, D.; Nabity, S. A.; Tate, J. E.; Kirking, H. L. title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20101006 sha: doc_id: 252084 cord_uid: 04zbbyii file: cache/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.json key: cord-252013-ehyuflg3 authors: Bozzani, Antonio; Arici, Vittorio; Tavazzi, Guido; Franciscone, Mila Maria; Danesino, Vittorio; Rota, Monica; Rossini, Rosa; Sterpetti, Antonio V.; Ticozzelli, Giulia; Rumi, Elisa; Mojoli, Francesco; Bruno, Raffaele; Ragni, Franco title: ACUTE ARTERIAL AND DEEP VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS date: 2020-09-22 journal: Surgery DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 252013 cord_uid: ehyuflg3 file: cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.json key: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 authors: Loeffler-Wirth, H.; Schmidt, M.; Binder, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 sha: doc_id: 252244 cord_uid: y5w9hjy8 file: cache/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.json key: cord-252374-obl6pfpf authors: Zaninotto, Martina; Maria Mion, Monica; Padoan, Andrea; Babuin, Luciano; Plebani, Mario title: Cardiac troponin I in SARS-CoV-2-patients: the additional prognostic value of serial monitoring date: 2020-10-01 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.036 sha: doc_id: 252374 cord_uid: obl6pfpf file: cache/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.json key: cord-251959-3j4bqub4 authors: Jozaghi, Ehsan; Maynard, Russ; Hemm, Dave; Marsh, Samona title: COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action date: 2020-05-13 journal: Can J Public Health DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00326-1 sha: doc_id: 251959 cord_uid: 3j4bqub4 file: cache/cord-252050-e71b15vg.json key: cord-252050-e71b15vg authors: Wu, Jie; Shen, Bingzheng; Li, Dan; Song, Wei; Li, Jing; Zhang, Mengke; Liu, Gang; Zhou, Benhong title: Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-31 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa160 sha: doc_id: 252050 cord_uid: e71b15vg file: cache/cord-252149-0n58lec6.json key: cord-252149-0n58lec6 authors: Wang, Jiancong; Lee, Yew Fong; Liu, Fangfei; Zhou, Mouqing title: To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19? date: 2020-05-11 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.228 sha: doc_id: 252149 cord_uid: 0n58lec6 file: cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.json key: cord-252161-1ve7heyb authors: Maulik, Pallab K.; Thornicroft, Graham; Saxena, Shekhar title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 journal: Int J Ment Health Syst DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00393-4 sha: doc_id: 252161 cord_uid: 1ve7heyb file: cache/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.json key: cord-252328-ov4r3ple authors: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.037 sha: doc_id: 252328 cord_uid: ov4r3ple file: cache/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.json key: cord-252423-ojmt4k2w authors: Qu, Bing; Yang, Jing title: Monologue of a physician who tested persistently positive for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa551 sha: doc_id: 252423 cord_uid: ojmt4k2w file: cache/cord-251934-qi2c704c.json key: cord-251934-qi2c704c authors: Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra; McCracken, Celeste; Ardissino, Maddalena; Bethell, Mae S.; Cooper, Jackie; Cooper, Cyrus; Harvey, Nicholas C.; Petersen, Steffen E. title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers Are Not Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization: Study of 1,439 UK Biobank Cases date: 2020-07-14 journal: Front Cardiovasc Med DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00138 sha: doc_id: 251934 cord_uid: qi2c704c file: cache/cord-252306-68eogdyc.json key: cord-252306-68eogdyc authors: Adler, Hugh; Ball, Robert; Fisher, Michael; Mortimer, Kalani; Vardhan, Madhur S title: Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: The Lancet Microbe DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30036-7 sha: doc_id: 252306 cord_uid: 68eogdyc file: cache/cord-252416-d244rl65.json key: cord-252416-d244rl65 authors: Gomes, Bruno de Araujo; Queiroz, Fabrisia Loise Cassiano; Pereira, Pedro Leonardo de Oliveira; Barbosa, Thiago Viana; Tramontana, Marcelo Borges; Afonso, Felipe Alexander Caldas; Garcia, Eduardo dos Santos; Borba, Alexandre Meireles title: In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 journal: J Craniofac Surg DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006723 sha: doc_id: 252416 cord_uid: d244rl65 file: cache/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.json key: cord-252557-f89m6xv5 authors: Ong, John; Cross, Gail B; Dan, Yock Young title: Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard date: 2020-04-02 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321154 sha: doc_id: 252557 cord_uid: f89m6xv5 file: cache/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.json key: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx authors: Du, Fenghe; Liu, Bao; Zhang, Shuyang title: COVID-19: the role of excessive cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation in promoting hypercoagulable state associated with severe illness date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02224-2 sha: doc_id: 252528 cord_uid: rgnhfcbx file: cache/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.json key: cord-252284-cgdcsazr authors: Zeng, Jia-Hui; Liu, Ying-Xia; Yuan, Jing; Wang, Fu-Xiang; Wu, Wei-Bo; Li, Jin-Xiu; Wang, Li-Fei; Gao, Hong; Wang, Yao; Dong, Chang-Feng; Li, Yi-Jun; Xie, Xiao-Juan; Feng, Cheng; Liu, Lei title: First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights date: 2020-04-10 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5 sha: doc_id: 252284 cord_uid: cgdcsazr file: cache/cord-252434-7g69amr1.json key: cord-252434-7g69amr1 authors: Lu, Xiao; Xu, Shanxiang title: Therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula on severe COVID-19 patients in a makeshift intensive-care unit: A case report date: 2020-05-22 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020393 sha: doc_id: 252434 cord_uid: 7g69amr1 file: cache/cord-252400-fdi132vi.json key: cord-252400-fdi132vi authors: Qiu, Liru; Jiao, Rong; Zhang, Aiming; Chen, Xi; Ning, Qin; Fang, Feng; Zeng, Fang; Tian, Niannian; Zhang, Yi; Huang, Yafei; Sun, Ziyan; Dhuromsingh, Menaka; Li, Hao; Li, Yang; Xu, Rongrong; Chen, Yu; Luo, Xiaoping title: A Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes date: 2020-04-16 journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002720 sha: doc_id: 252400 cord_uid: fdi132vi file: cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.json key: cord-252343-a85wz2hs authors: Skoda, Eva-Maria; Teufel, Martin; Stang, Andreas; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Junne, Florian; Weismüller, Benjamin; Hetkamp, Madeleine; Musche, Venja; Kohler, Hannah; Dörrie, Nora; Schweda, Adam; Bäuerle, Alexander title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 sha: doc_id: 252343 cord_uid: a85wz2hs file: cache/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.json key: cord-252513-zwdy1h7j authors: Kiely, Daniel J.; Posner, Glenn D.; Sansregret, Andrée title: Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Obstet Gynaecol Can DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 252513 cord_uid: zwdy1h7j file: cache/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.json key: cord-252616-aobuhwbi authors: Dalla Costa, Gloria; Leocani, Letizia; Montalban, Xavier; Guerrero, Ana Isabel; Sørensen, Per Soelberg; Magyari, Melinda; Dobson, Richard J. B.; Cummins, Nicholas; Narayan, Vaibhav A.; Hotopf, Matthew; Comi, Giancarlo title: Real-time assessment of COVID-19 prevalence among multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter European study date: 2020-07-02 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04519-x sha: doc_id: 252616 cord_uid: aobuhwbi file: cache/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.json key: cord-252389-xrdbmosj authors: Kumar, Mukesh; Thakur, Ajit Kumar title: Neurological manifestations and comorbidity associated with COVID-19: an overview date: 2020-10-14 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04823-6 sha: doc_id: 252389 cord_uid: xrdbmosj file: cache/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.json key: cord-252506-8u9oiqoc authors: Scarfò, Lydia; Chatzikonstantinou, Thomas; Rigolin, Gian Matteo; Quaresmini, Giulia; Motta, Marina; Vitale, Candida; Garcia-Marco, Jose Antonio; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel; Mirás, Fatima; Baile, Mónica; Marquet, Juan; Niemann, Carsten U.; Reda, Gianluigi; Munir, Talha; Gimeno, Eva; Marchetti, Monia; Quaglia, Francesca Maria; Varettoni, Marzia; Delgado, Julio; Iyengar, Sunil; Janssens, Ann; Marasca, Roberto; Ferrari, Angela; Cuéllar-García, Carolina; Itchaki, Gilad; Špaček, Martin; De Paoli, Lorenzo; Laurenti, Luca; Levin, Mark-David; Lista, Enrico; Mauro, Francesca R.; Šimkovič, Martin; Van Der Spek, Ellen; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth; Trentin, Livio; Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa; Ruchlemer, Rosa; Bron, Dominique; De Paolis, Maria Rosaria; Del Poeta, Giovanni; Farina, Lucia; Foglietta, Myriam; Gentile, Massimo; Herishanu, Yair; Herold, Tobias; Jaksic, Ozren; Kater, Arnon P.; Kersting, Sabina; Malerba, Lara; Orsucci, Lorella; Popov, Viola Maria; Sportoletti, Paolo; Yassin, Mohamed; Pocali, Barbara; Barna, Gabor; Chiarenza, Annalisa; dos Santos, Gimena; Nikitin, Eugene; Andres, Martin; Dimou, Maria; Doubek, Michael; Enrico, Alicia; Hakobyan, Yervand; Kalashnikova, Olga; Ortiz Pareja, Macarena; Papaioannou, Maria; Rossi, Davide; Shah, Nimish; Shrestha, Amit; Stanca, Oana; Stavroyianni, Niki; Strugov, Vladimir; Tam, Constantine; Zdrenghea, Mihnea; Coscia, Marta; Stamatopoulos, Kostas; Rossi, Giuseppe; Rambaldi, Alessandro; Montserrat, Emili’; Foà, Robin; Cuneo, Antonio; Ghia, Paolo title: COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus date: 2020-07-09 journal: Leukemia DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x sha: doc_id: 252506 cord_uid: 8u9oiqoc file: cache/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.json key: cord-252664-h02qy4z0 authors: Kontis, V.; Bennett, J. E.; Parks, R. M.; Rashid, T.; Pearson-Stuttard, J.; Asaria, P.; Guillot, M.; Blangiardo, M.; Ezzati, M. title: Age- and sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107680 sha: doc_id: 252664 cord_uid: h02qy4z0 file: cache/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.json key: cord-252661-wa0hdg1u authors: Pennington, Zach; Lubelski, Daniel; Khalafallah, Adham; Ehresman, Jeff; Sciubba, Daniel M.; Witham, Timothy F.; Huang, Judy title: Letter: Changes to neurosurgery resident education following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-22 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.139 sha: doc_id: 252661 cord_uid: wa0hdg1u file: cache/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.json key: cord-252703-00ks1j0x authors: Keddy, Karen H; Migliori, Giovanni B; Van Der Walt, Martie title: Developing health policies in patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2: consider tuberculosis date: 2020-10-15 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30413-7 sha: doc_id: 252703 cord_uid: 00ks1j0x file: cache/cord-252531-i3b647wv.json key: cord-252531-i3b647wv authors: Song, Zaiwei; Hu, Yang; Zheng, Siqian; Yang, Li; Zhao, Rongsheng title: Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience date: 2020-04-03 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027 sha: doc_id: 252531 cord_uid: i3b647wv file: cache/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.json key: cord-252721-vy6tfer4 authors: Purnama, T. B.; Khadijah, S.; Sadri, I. title: How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice date: 2020-08-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.03.20167593 sha: doc_id: 252721 cord_uid: vy6tfer4 file: cache/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.json key: cord-252726-t5tcp6di authors: Cheong, Mark Wing Loong; Brock, Tina; Karwa, Rakhi; Pastakia, Sonak title: COVID‐19 and Clinical Pharmacy Worldwide ‐ A Wake Up Call and a Call to Action date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Am Coll Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1286 sha: doc_id: 252726 cord_uid: t5tcp6di file: cache/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.json key: cord-252714-idlyl4ga authors: Islam, M. Saiful; Rahman, Kazi M.; Sun, Yanni; Qureshi, Mohammed O.; Abdi, Ikram; Chughtai, Abrar A.; Seale, Holly title: Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis date: 2020-05-15 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.237 sha: doc_id: 252714 cord_uid: idlyl4ga file: cache/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.json key: cord-252745-qhhziz0u authors: Gheysarzadeh, Ali; Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda; Safari, Maryam; Rashidian, Tayebeh; Mohammadyari, Elham; Tavan, Hamed title: Report of four pregnant women getting COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran: Case Series date: 2020-10-13 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100783 sha: doc_id: 252745 cord_uid: qhhziz0u file: cache/cord-252775-faxiem2w.json key: cord-252775-faxiem2w authors: Tamagnini, Gabriele; Biondi, Raoul; Ricciardi, Gabriella; Rutigliano, Roberta; Trias‐Llimós, Sergi; Meuris, Bart; Lamelas, Joseph; Del Giglio, Mauro title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the novel coronavirus: Why we should think to a new normal date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14741 sha: doc_id: 252775 cord_uid: faxiem2w file: cache/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.json key: cord-252699-0xw9xvox authors: de Marcaida, Joy Antonelle; Lahrmann, Jeffrey; Machado, Duarte; Bluth, Lawrence; Dagostine, Michelle; Moro-de Casillas, Maria; Bortan, Elena; Kanchana, Sulada; Alberts, Mark title: Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Patients at a Movement Disorders Center date: 2020-09-18 journal: Geriatrics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5030054 sha: doc_id: 252699 cord_uid: 0xw9xvox file: cache/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.json key: cord-252727-9v2zr75m authors: Henry, Brandon Michael; Benoit, Justin Lee; Benoit, Stefanie; Pulvino, Christina; Berger, Brandon A.; de Olivera, Maria Helena Santos; Crutchfield, Christopher A.; Lippi, Giuseppe title: Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort date: 2020-08-21 journal: Diagnostics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090618 sha: doc_id: 252727 cord_uid: 9v2zr75m file: cache/cord-252687-7084pfqm.json key: cord-252687-7084pfqm authors: Szelenberger, Rafal; Saluk-Bijak, Joanna; Bijak, Michal title: Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092688 sha: doc_id: 252687 cord_uid: 7084pfqm file: cache/cord-252694-36ijqwge.json key: cord-252694-36ijqwge authors: Heidinger, Benedikt H.; Kifjak, Daria; Prayer, Florian; Beer, Lucian; Milos, Ruxandra-Iulia; Röhrich, Sebastian; Arndt, Hanka; Prosch, Helmut title: Radiologische Manifestationen von Lungenerkrankungen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 journal: Radiologe DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00749-4 sha: doc_id: 252694 cord_uid: 36ijqwge file: cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.json key: cord-252771-6kwfulqe authors: Yue, Jing-Li; Yan, Wei; Sun, Yan-Kun; Yuan, Kai; Su, Si-Zhen; Han, Ying; Ravindran, Arun V.; Kosten, Thomas; Everall, Ian; Davey, Christopher G; Bullmore, Edward; Kawakami, Norito; Barbui, Corrado; Thornicroft, Graham; Lund, Crick; Lin, Xiao; Liu, Lin; Shi, Le; Shi, Jie; Ran, Mao-Sheng; Bao, Yan-Ping; Lu, Lin title: Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-05 journal: Psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003888 sha: doc_id: 252771 cord_uid: 6kwfulqe file: cache/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.json key: cord-252799-p2ulrnsi authors: Ying-Ying Wong, Ashley; Ka-Kin Ling, Samuel; Louie, Lobo; Ying-Kan Law, George; Chi-Hung So, Raymond; Chi-Wo Lee, Daniel; Chung-Fai Yau, Forrest; Shu-Hang Yung, Patrick title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise date: 2020-07-28 journal: Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 252799 cord_uid: p2ulrnsi file: cache/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.json key: cord-252725-e3pazjdi authors: Khalil, Ayman; Tazeddinova, Diana title: The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal date: 2020-10-15 journal: Nat Prod Bioprospect DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z sha: doc_id: 252725 cord_uid: e3pazjdi file: cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.json key: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz authors: Ciotti, Marco; Angeletti, Silvia; Minieri, Marilena; Giovannetti, Marta; Benvenuto, Domenico; Pascarella, Stefano; Sagnelli, Caterina; Bianchi, Martina; Bernardini, Sergio; Ciccozzi, Massimo title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 journal: Chemotherapy DOI: 10.1159/000507423 sha: doc_id: 252804 cord_uid: u7tz6xzz file: cache/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.json key: cord-252818-1gms4zw3 authors: Bouayed, Jaouad; Bohn, Torsten title: Behavioural manipulation ‐ key to the successful global spread of the new Coronavirus SARS‐Cov‐2? date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26446 sha: doc_id: 252818 cord_uid: 1gms4zw3 file: cache/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.json key: cord-252783-iw3hgkpj authors: Risch, Harvey A title: Response to: Comment on “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis” date: 2020-07-20 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa156 sha: doc_id: 252783 cord_uid: iw3hgkpj file: cache/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.json key: cord-252795-x66zqmgv authors: Islam, Md. Akhtarul; Barna, Sutapa Dey; Raihan, Hasin; Khan, Md. Nafiul Alam; Hossain, Md. Tanvir title: Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-26 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238162 sha: doc_id: 252795 cord_uid: x66zqmgv file: cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.json key: cord-252843-vd81pftu authors: Doherty, Tanya; Kroon, Max; Reynolds, Louis; Fawcus, Sue; Lake, Lori; Solanki, Geetesh title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003928 sha: doc_id: 252843 cord_uid: vd81pftu file: cache/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.json key: cord-252800-cz4mb3wx authors: Smith, Timothy L. title: COVID‐19 – Looking beyond the immediate concerns date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol DOI: 10.1002/alr.22583 sha: doc_id: 252800 cord_uid: cz4mb3wx file: cache/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.json key: cord-252784-wfsq0u9o authors: Favot, Mark; Malik, Adrienne; Rowland, Jonathan; Haber, Brian; Ehrman, Robert; Harrison, Nicholas title: Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Detecting Severe Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-07-31 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000176 sha: doc_id: 252784 cord_uid: wfsq0u9o file: cache/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.json key: cord-252903-pg0l92zb authors: Abueg, M.; Hinch, R.; Wu, N.; Liu, L.; Probert, W. J. M.; Wu, A.; Eastham, P.; Shafi, Y.; Rosencrantz, M.; Dikovsky, M.; Cheng, Z.; Nurtay, A.; Abeler-Dörner, L.; Bonsall, D. G.; McConnell, M. V.; O'Banion, S.; Fraser, C. title: Modeling the combined effect of digital exposure notification and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington state date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184135 sha: doc_id: 252903 cord_uid: pg0l92zb file: cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.json key: cord-252833-0lb60y12 authors: Rusch, Valerie W.; Wexner, Steven D. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.06.020 sha: doc_id: 252833 cord_uid: 0lb60y12 file: cache/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.json key: cord-252991-gvlyn6j7 authors: Silva, V. O.; de Oliveira, E. L.; Castejon, M. J.; Yamashiro, R.; Ahagon, C. M.; Lopez-Lopes, G. I.; da Silveira, E. P. R.; Hong, M. A.; Timenetsky, M. d. C.; Oliveira, C. a. d. F.; Brigido, L. F. d. M. title: PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 IN PROFESSIONALS OF A PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY AT SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL date: 2020-10-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20213421 sha: doc_id: 252991 cord_uid: gvlyn6j7 file: cache/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.json key: cord-252998-8ynk9k8r authors: Getaneh, Y.; Yizengaw, A.; Adane, S.; Zealiyas, K.; Abate, Z.; Leulseged, S.; Desalegn, H.; Yimer, G.; Abate, E. title: Global lessons and Potential strategies in combating COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia:Systematic Review date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062 sha: doc_id: 252998 cord_uid: 8ynk9k8r file: cache/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.json key: cord-253201-r6vsa0pw authors: Nazari, S.; Azari Jafari, A.; Mirmoeeni, S.; Sadeghian, S.; Heidari, M. E.; Asarzadegan, F.; Puormand, S. M.; Alikhani, K.; Ebadi, H.; Fathi, D.; Dalvand, S. title: Central Nervous System Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-07-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158691 sha: doc_id: 253201 cord_uid: r6vsa0pw file: cache/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.json key: cord-252930-yfxst8bo authors: Silingardi, Roberto; Gennai, Stefano; Migliari, Mattia; Covic, Tea; Leone, Nicola title: Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 252930 cord_uid: yfxst8bo file: cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.json key: cord-253196-et1ekgdl authors: Yazdany, Jinoos; Kim, Alfred H.J. title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1334 sha: doc_id: 253196 cord_uid: et1ekgdl file: cache/cord-252914-51wvis1d.json key: cord-252914-51wvis1d authors: Gaffney, Brian; O’Carroll, Orla; Conroy, Finbarr; Butler, Marcus W.; Keane, Michael P.; McCarthy, Cormac title: The impact of COVID-19 on clinical education of internal medicine trainees date: 2020-08-15 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02350-z sha: doc_id: 252914 cord_uid: 51wvis1d file: cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.json key: cord-252870-52fjx7s4 authors: Xie, Kefan; Liang, Benbu; Dulebenets, Maxim A.; Mei, Yanlan title: The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176256 sha: doc_id: 252870 cord_uid: 52fjx7s4 file: cache/cord-252933-bu4oihem.json key: cord-252933-bu4oihem authors: Xu, Jieqing Jessica; Samaha, Daniel; Mondhe, Suhas; Massicotte‐Azarniouch, David; Knoll, Gregory; Ruzicka, Marcel title: Renal Infarct in a COVID‐19 Positive Kidney‐Pancreas Transplant Recipient date: 2020-06-01 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16089 sha: doc_id: 252933 cord_uid: bu4oihem file: cache/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.json key: cord-252965-30pl5tx3 authors: Stutt, Richard O. 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H.; Retkute, Renata; Bradley, Michael; Gilligan, Christopher A.; Colvin, John title: A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Proc Math Phys Eng Sci DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0376 sha: doc_id: 252965 cord_uid: 30pl5tx3 file: cache/cord-253162-lebgynsz.json key: cord-253162-lebgynsz authors: Chang, Tsai-Yu; Hong, Guang; Paganelli, Corrado; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Chang, Wei-Jen; Shieh, Yi-Shing; Hsu, Ming-Lun title: Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Dent Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.011 sha: doc_id: 253162 cord_uid: lebgynsz file: cache/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.json key: cord-253124-s3pa4n8a authors: Dhamad, Ahmed E.; Abdal Rhida, Muna A. title: COVID-19: molecular and serological detection methods date: 2020-10-07 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10180 sha: doc_id: 253124 cord_uid: s3pa4n8a file: cache/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.json key: cord-253367-n6c07x9q authors: Ussai, Silvia; Armocida, Benedetta; Formenti, Beatrice; Palestra, Francesca; Calvi, Marzia; Missoni, Eduardo title: Hazard Prevention, Death and Dignity During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00509 sha: doc_id: 253367 cord_uid: n6c07x9q file: cache/cord-253170-mjy4culg.json key: cord-253170-mjy4culg authors: Parra-Lara, Luis Gabriel; Martínez-Arboleda, Juan José; Rosso, Fernando title: Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Glob Antimicrob Resist DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.016 sha: doc_id: 253170 cord_uid: mjy4culg file: cache/cord-253208-wknht58z.json key: cord-253208-wknht58z authors: Wang, Xue; Li, Xincheng; Shang, Yu; Wang, Junwei; Zhang, Xiaona; Su, Dongju; Zhao, Shuai; Wang, Qin; Liu, Lei; Li, Yupeng; Chen, Hong title: Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre date: 2020-09-09 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002071 sha: doc_id: 253208 cord_uid: wknht58z file: cache/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.json key: cord-253238-ptmxkpae authors: Kopel, Jonathan; Perisetti, Abhilash; Gajendran, Mahesh; Boregowda, Umesha; Goyal, Hemant title: Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Dig Dis Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06362-8 sha: doc_id: 253238 cord_uid: ptmxkpae file: cache/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.json key: cord-253393-3y5bb8f0 authors: Clarke, Mattea; Devlin, John; Conroy, Emmett; Kelly, Enda; Sturup-Toft, Sunita title: Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland date: 2020-06-22 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa092 sha: doc_id: 253393 cord_uid: 3y5bb8f0 file: cache/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.json key: cord-253054-qipyqtsi authors: Kokkoris, Michail D.; Kamleitner, Bernadette title: Would You Sacrifice Your Privacy to Protect Public Health? Prosocial Responsibility in a Pandemic Paves the Way for Digital Surveillance date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578618 sha: doc_id: 253054 cord_uid: qipyqtsi file: cache/cord-253250-zet48zcl.json key: cord-253250-zet48zcl authors: Thaden, J.T.; Maskarinec, S.A. title: When two for the price of one isn’t a bargain: Estimating prevalence and microbiology of bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 253250 cord_uid: zet48zcl file: cache/cord-253079-aohqinlo.json key: cord-253079-aohqinlo authors: Cannizzaro, Renato; Puglisi, Fabio title: Covid-19 and cancer patients: Choosing wisely is the key date: 2020-04-08 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.030 sha: doc_id: 253079 cord_uid: aohqinlo file: cache/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.json key: cord-253343-3dmuxts5 authors: Zhang, Ruochi; Guo, Zhehao; Sun, Yue; Lu, Qi; Xu, Zijian; Yao, Zhaomin; Duan, Meiyu; Liu, Shuai; Ren, Yanjiao; Huang, Lan; Zhou, Fengfeng title: COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-09-21 journal: Interdiscip Sci DOI: 10.1007/s12539-020-00393-5 sha: doc_id: 253343 cord_uid: 3dmuxts5 file: cache/cord-253077-61fmul8c.json key: cord-253077-61fmul8c authors: Vabret, Nicolas; Britton, Graham J.; Gruber, Conor; Hegde, Samarth; Kim, Joel; Kuksin, Maria; Levantovsky, Rachel; Malle, Louise; Moreira, Alvaro; Park, Matthew D.; Pia, Luisanna; Risson, Emma; Saffern, Miriam; Salomé, Bérengère; Selvan, Myvizhi Esai; Spindler, Matthew P.; Tan, Jessica; van der Heide, Verena; Gregory, Jill K.; Alexandropoulos, Konstantina; Bhardwaj, Nina; Brown, Brian D.; Greenbaum, Benjamin; Gümüş, Zeynep H.; Homann, Dirk; Horowitz, Amir; Kamphorst, Alice O.; Curotto de Lafaille, Maria A.; Mehandru, Saurabh; Merad, Miriam; Samstein, Robert M. title: Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science date: 2020-05-06 journal: Immunity DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 253077 cord_uid: 61fmul8c file: cache/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.json key: cord-253214-ypt2s8ek authors: Choudhary, Bharat; Goyal, Jagdish Prasad title: Management Concern for Non-COVID Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-04 journal: Indian Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1874-y sha: doc_id: 253214 cord_uid: ypt2s8ek file: cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.json key: cord-253256-909chgl0 authors: Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh; Sarna, Rashi; Bawa, Chashamjot; Mehdiratta, Lalit title: Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-03-28 journal: Indian J Anaesth DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_272_20 sha: doc_id: 253256 cord_uid: 909chgl0 file: cache/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.json key: cord-253285-kskuz1ug authors: Hage, René; Schuurmans, Macé M. title: 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 journal: Reumatol Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 253285 cord_uid: kskuz1ug file: cache/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.json key: cord-253252-s8fm5rfa authors: Jayaweera, Mahesh; Perera, Hasini; Gunawardana, Buddhika; Manatunge, Jagath title: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy date: 2020-06-13 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819 sha: doc_id: 253252 cord_uid: s8fm5rfa file: cache/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.json key: cord-253345-r4dhmpq1 authors: Khan, Muhammad Bilal; Zhang, Zhiya; Li, Lin; Zhao, Wei; Hababi, Mohammed Ali Mohammed Al; Yang, Xiaodong; Abbasi, Qammer H. title: A Systematic Review of Non-Contact Sensing for Developing a Platform to Contain COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 journal: Micromachines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/mi11100912 sha: doc_id: 253345 cord_uid: r4dhmpq1 file: cache/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.json key: cord-253431-fjds5cdr authors: Erukainure, Ochuko L.; Atolani, Olubunmi; Muhammad, Aliyu; Katsayal, Sanusi B.; Ebhuoma, Osadolor O.; Ibeji, Collins U.; Mesaik, M. Ahmed title: Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae) date: 2020-11-03 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439 sha: doc_id: 253431 cord_uid: fjds5cdr file: cache/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.json key: cord-253104-yggcf7q2 authors: Usul, Eren; Şan, İshak; Bekgöz, Burak; Şahin, Ali title: The role of hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients in the emergency room date: 2020-07-21 journal: Biomarkers in medicine DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0317 sha: doc_id: 253104 cord_uid: yggcf7q2 file: cache/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.json key: cord-253264-vt2rei7e authors: Hahad, Omar; Gilan, Donya A; Daiber, Andreas; Münzel, Thomas title: Bevölkerungsbezogene psychische Gesundheit als Schlüsselfaktor im Umgang mit COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Gesundheitswesen DOI: 10.1055/a-1160-5770 sha: doc_id: 253264 cord_uid: vt2rei7e file: cache/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.json key: cord-253410-rdmopd4t authors: Gorzkowski, Victor; Bevilacqua, Sibylle; Charmillon, Alexandre; Jankowski, Roger; Gallet, Patrice; Rumeau, Cécile; Nguyen, Duc Trung title: Evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-02 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.28957 sha: doc_id: 253410 cord_uid: rdmopd4t file: cache/cord-253312-bf35afpj.json key: cord-253312-bf35afpj authors: Unal, Gokhan; Turan, Bahadir; Hasan Balcioglu, Yasin title: Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid date: 2020-05-27 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109891 sha: doc_id: 253312 cord_uid: bf35afpj file: cache/cord-253572-9qixiew8.json key: cord-253572-9qixiew8 authors: Bennett, David; De Vita, Elda; Mezzasalma, Fabrizio; Lanzarone, Nicola; Cameli, Paolo; Bianchi, Francesco; Perillo, Felice; Bargagli, Elena; Mazzei, Maria Antonietta; Volterrani, Luca; Scolletta, Sabino; Valente, Serafina; Franchi, Federico; Frediani, Bruno; Sestini, Piersante title: Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner for the evaluation of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 journal: Ultrasound Med Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 253572 cord_uid: 9qixiew8 file: cache/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.json key: cord-253392-cws6uj3c authors: Wang, Yali; Zeng, Xian; Zhao, Yufen; Chen, Weiping; Chen, Yu Zong title: The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104873 sha: doc_id: 253392 cord_uid: cws6uj3c file: cache/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.json key: cord-253556-p1y0zeo1 authors: Rhodes, Scott D.; Mann-Jackson, Lilli; Alonzo, Jorge; Garcia, Manuel; Tanner, Amanda E.; Smart, Benjamin D.; Horridge, Danielle N.; Dam, Cornelius N. Van; Wilkin, Aimee M. title: A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US South date: 2020-08-12 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-57507/v1 sha: doc_id: 253556 cord_uid: p1y0zeo1 file: cache/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.json key: cord-253704-y0t30xw3 authors: Lahiri, Durjoy; Ardila, Alfredo title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective date: 2020-04-29 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7889 sha: doc_id: 253704 cord_uid: y0t30xw3 file: cache/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.json key: cord-253730-cdkzvfib authors: Suzuki, Emily; Sakai, Tomoko; Hoshino, Chisato; Hirao, Masanobu; Yamaguchi, Reiko; Nakahara, Rui title: Assessment of the Need for Early Initiation of Rehabilitation Treatments in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Prog Rehabil Med DOI: 10.2490/prm.20200018 sha: doc_id: 253730 cord_uid: cdkzvfib file: cache/cord-253552-qreg4emx.json key: cord-253552-qreg4emx authors: Bouaziz, JD; Duong, T; Jachiet, M; Velter, C; Lestang, P; Cassius, C; Arsouze, A; Domergue Than Trong, E; Bagot, M; Begon, E; Sulimovic, L; Rybojad, M title: Vascular skin symptoms in COVID‐19: a french observational study date: 2020-04-27 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16544 sha: doc_id: 253552 cord_uid: qreg4emx file: cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.json key: cord-253609-vi2fb43t authors: Gopinathannair, Rakesh; Merchant, Faisal M.; Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R.; Etheridge, Susan P.; Feigofsky, Suzy; Han, Janet K.; Kabra, Rajesh; Natale, Andrea; Poe, Stacy; Saha, Sandeep A.; Russo, Andrea M. title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Interv Card Electrophysiol DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9 sha: doc_id: 253609 cord_uid: vi2fb43t file: cache/cord-253746-15w4gquq.json key: cord-253746-15w4gquq authors: Goldman, Michel; Silva, Mitchell title: Reflections on the Collaborative Fight Against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00565 sha: doc_id: 253746 cord_uid: 15w4gquq file: cache/cord-253456-u9num2o9.json key: cord-253456-u9num2o9 authors: Zhang, Che; Gu, Jiaowei; Chen, Quanjing; Deng, Na; Li, Jingfeng; Huang, Li; Zhou, Xihui title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series date: 2020-06-16 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003130 sha: doc_id: 253456 cord_uid: u9num2o9 file: cache/cord-253618-bosb7e63.json key: cord-253618-bosb7e63 authors: Ramteke, Shobhana; Sahu, Bharat Lal title: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: considerations for the biomedical waste sector in India date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100029 sha: doc_id: 253618 cord_uid: bosb7e63 file: cache/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.json key: cord-253777-h8wy0coq authors: Afshar, Hale; Yassin, Zeynab; Kalantari, Saeed; Aloosh, Oldooz; Lotfi, Tayebeh; Moghaddasi, Mehdi; Sadeghipour, Alireza; Emamikhah, Maziar title: Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical – Paraclinical follow up study of a case date: 2020-05-21 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102216 sha: doc_id: 253777 cord_uid: h8wy0coq file: cache/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.json key: cord-253735-0wi67tuw authors: Niu, Shengmei; Tian, Sijia; Lou, Jing; Kang, Xuqin; Zhang, Luxi; Lian, Huixin; Zhang, Jinjun title: Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study date: 2020-04-10 journal: Arch Gerontol Geriatr DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058 sha: doc_id: 253735 cord_uid: 0wi67tuw file: cache/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.json key: cord-253800-cdyiwru9 authors: Eshraghi, Adrien A.; Mirsaeidi, Mehdi; Davies, Camron; Telischi, Fred F.; Chaudhari, Nirupa; Mittal, Rahul title: Potential Mechanisms for COVID-19 Induced Anosmia and Dysgeusia date: 2020-09-16 journal: Front Physiol DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01039 sha: doc_id: 253800 cord_uid: cdyiwru9 file: cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.json key: cord-253853-jocwiafy authors: Ahmed, Naseer; Shakoor, Maria; Vohra, Fahim; Abduljabbar, Tariq; Mariam, Quratulain; Rehman, Mariam Abdul title: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2704 sha: doc_id: 253853 cord_uid: jocwiafy file: cache/cord-253898-ajo60spn.json key: cord-253898-ajo60spn authors: Chirico, Francesco; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A.; Magnavita, Nicola title: “Questionable” peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders date: 2020-06-17 journal: Croat Med J DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.300 sha: doc_id: 253898 cord_uid: ajo60spn file: cache/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.json key: cord-253665-1dn3ek34 authors: Vishnubalaji, Radhakrishnan; Shaath, Hibah; Alajez, Nehad M. title: Protein Coding and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcriptional Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Highlight a Role for Interferon and Inflammatory Response date: 2020-07-07 journal: Genes (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/genes11070760 sha: doc_id: 253665 cord_uid: 1dn3ek34 file: cache/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.json key: cord-253833-0lajhqn5 authors: Misra-Hebert, Anita D; Jehi, Lara; Ji, Xinge; Nowacki, Amy S.; Gordon, Steven; Terpeluk, Paul; Chung, Mina K.; Mehra, Reena; Dell, Katherine M.; Pennell, Nathan; Hamilton, Aaron; Milinovich, Alex; Kattan, Michael W.; Young, James B. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system. date: 2020-08-19 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-61235/v1 sha: doc_id: 253833 cord_uid: 0lajhqn5 file: cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.json key: cord-253638-5f9ofdsc authors: Alsaied, Tarek; Aboulhosn, Jamil A.; Cotts, Timothy B.; Daniels, Curt J.; Etheridge, Susan P.; Feltes, Timothy F.; Gurvitz, Michelle Z.; Lewin, Mark B.; Oster, Matthew E.; Saidi, Arwa title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Am Heart Assoc DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017224 sha: doc_id: 253638 cord_uid: 5f9ofdsc file: cache/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.json key: cord-253693-xdmgvj4p authors: Adekoya, Oluwasegun B.; Oliyide, Johnson A. title: How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101898 sha: doc_id: 253693 cord_uid: xdmgvj4p file: cache/cord-253648-n13sgorb.json key: cord-253648-n13sgorb authors: Zhang, C.; Liao, H.; Strol, E.; Li, H.; Li, R.; Jensen, S. S.; Zhang, Y. title: The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164152 sha: doc_id: 253648 cord_uid: n13sgorb file: cache/cord-253714-v02fs28k.json key: cord-253714-v02fs28k authors: Bukhari, Syed Usama Khalid; Bukhari, Syed Safwan Khalid; Syed, Asmara; SHAH, SYED SAJID HUSSAIN title: The diagnostic evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the assessment of chest X-ray of patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044610 sha: doc_id: 253714 cord_uid: v02fs28k file: cache/cord-253970-sbj869yy.json key: cord-253970-sbj869yy authors: Agarwal, Amit; Pinho, Marco; Raj, Karuna; Yu, Frank F.; Bathla, Girish; Achilleos, Michael; ONeill, Thomas; Still, Michael; Maldjian, Joseph title: Neurological emergencies associated with COVID-19: stroke and beyond date: 2020-08-11 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01837-7 sha: doc_id: 253970 cord_uid: sbj869yy file: cache/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.json key: cord-253736-cd4qnp2m authors: Modenese, Alberto; Gobba, Fabriziomaria title: Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy date: 2020-06-03 journal: Healthcare (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8020155 sha: doc_id: 253736 cord_uid: cd4qnp2m file: cache/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.json key: cord-253910-pmurx4jh authors: Miles, David; Stedman, Mike; Heald, Adrian H title: “Stay at Home, Protect the National Health Service, Save Lives”: a cost benefit analysis of the lockdown in the United Kingdom date: 2020-08-13 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13674 sha: doc_id: 253910 cord_uid: pmurx4jh file: cache/cord-253918-8g3erth8.json key: cord-253918-8g3erth8 authors: Ienca, Marcello; Vayena, Effy title: On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 journal: Nat Med DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0832-5 sha: doc_id: 253918 cord_uid: 8g3erth8 file: cache/cord-254014-jowjkd12.json key: cord-254014-jowjkd12 authors: Rivillas, J. C.; Murad, R.; Rivera, D.; Calderon, M.; Sanchez, M.; Castano, L.; Royo, M. title: Social response to early-stage government control measures of COVID-19 in Colombia: population survey, April 8-20 2020. date: 2020-06-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20135145 sha: doc_id: 254014 cord_uid: jowjkd12 file: cache/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.json key: cord-253962-ug7yflxh authors: Huang, Dong; Wang, Ting; Chen, Zhu; Yang, Huan; Yao, Rong; Liang, Zongan title: A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study date: 2020-06-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26143 sha: doc_id: 253962 cord_uid: ug7yflxh file: cache/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.json key: cord-253862-jl1zhg13 authors: Khalaf, Khalil; Papp, Natalia; Chou, Jadzia Tin-Tsen; Hana, Doris; Mackiewicz, Andrzej; Kaczmarek, Mariusz title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570927 sha: doc_id: 253862 cord_uid: jl1zhg13 file: cache/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.json key: cord-254083-ea94wn3f authors: Fowler, Alexander J.; Wan, Yize I.; Carenzo, Luca; Haines, Ryan W. title: COVID-19 Phenotypes and Potential Harm of Conventional Treatments: How to Prove the Hypothesis date: 2020-08-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1293le sha: doc_id: 254083 cord_uid: ea94wn3f file: cache/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.json key: cord-253948-yi57n8nc authors: Singh, K.; Agarwal, A. title: Impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-state study in India date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 sha: doc_id: 253948 cord_uid: yi57n8nc file: cache/cord-253993-ynrthadj.json key: cord-253993-ynrthadj authors: Belhassan, Assia; En-nahli, Fatima; Zaki, Hanane; Lakhlifi, Tahar; Bouachrine, Mohammed title: Assessment of effective imidazole derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 main protease through computational approach date: 2020-09-18 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118469 sha: doc_id: 253993 cord_uid: ynrthadj file: cache/cord-254027-rndu5ake.json key: cord-254027-rndu5ake authors: Geldsetzer, Pascal title: Using rapid online surveys to assess perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on Covid-19 among the general public in the United States and United Kingdom date: 2020-03-17 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20035568 sha: doc_id: 254027 cord_uid: rndu5ake file: cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.json key: cord-253933-29tedkf8 authors: David, Abel P.; Russell, Marika D.; El‐Sayed, Ivan H.; Russell, Matthew S. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26191 sha: doc_id: 253933 cord_uid: 29tedkf8 file: cache/cord-254094-ed1epul1.json key: cord-254094-ed1epul1 authors: Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos; Hernández-Huerta, María Teresa; Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Laura; Matias-Cervantes, Carlos Alberto; Mayoral-Andrade, Gabriel; Barrios, Luis Ángel Laguna; Pérez-Campos, Eduardo title: Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-24 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110296 sha: doc_id: 254094 cord_uid: ed1epul1 file: cache/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.json key: cord-254152-9wt2za3m authors: Qiu, Chenghao; Cui, Chong; Hautefort, Charlotte; Haehner, Antje; Zhao, Jun; Yao, Qi; Zeng, Hui; Nisenbaum, Eric J.; Liu, Li; Zhao, Yu; Zhang, Di; Levine, Corinna G.; Cejas, Ivette; Dai, Qi; Zeng, Mei; Herman, Philippe; Jourdaine, Clement; de With, Katja; Draf, Julia; Chen, Bing; Jayaweera, Dushyantha T.; Denneny, James C.; Casiano, Roy; Yu, Hongmeng; Eshraghi, Adrien A.; Hummel, Thomas; Liu, Xuezhong; Shu, Yilai; Lu, Hongzhou title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Identifier of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: An International Multicenter Study date: 2020-06-16 journal: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1177/0194599820934376 sha: doc_id: 254152 cord_uid: 9wt2za3m file: cache/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.json key: cord-253958-8lhzgqfr authors: Clark, T. W.; Brendish, N. J.; Poole, S.; Naidu, V. V.; Mansbridge, C.; Norton, N.; Wheeler, H.; Presland, L.; Ewings, S. title: Diagnostic accuracy of a host response point-of-care test for identifying COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20114512 sha: doc_id: 253958 cord_uid: 8lhzgqfr file: cache/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.json key: cord-253908-zgk5d4c1 authors: Schrack, Jennifer A; Wanigatunga, Amal A; Juraschek, Stephen P title: After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults date: 2020-04-21 journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa102 sha: doc_id: 253908 cord_uid: zgk5d4c1 file: cache/cord-253968-jtr0p930.json key: cord-253968-jtr0p930 authors: López, Verónica; Vázquez, Teresa; Alonso-Titos, Juana; Cabello, Mercedes; Alonso, Angel; Beneyto, Isabel; Crespo, Marta; Díaz-Corte, Carmen; Franco, Antonio; González-Roncero, Francisco; Gutiérrez, Elena; Guirado, Luis; Jiménez, Carlos; Jironda, Cristina; Lauzurica, Ricardo; Llorente, Santiago; Mazuecos, Auxiliadora; Paul, Javier; Rodríguez-Benot, Alberto; Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Sánchez-Fructuoso, Ana; Sola, Eugenia; Torregrosa, Vicente; Zárraga, Sofía; Hernández, Domingo title: Recomendaciones en el manejo de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en pacientes con trasplante renal date: 2020-04-03 journal: Nefrologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.03.002 sha: doc_id: 253968 cord_uid: jtr0p930 file: cache/cord-253998-1jegybs9.json key: cord-253998-1jegybs9 authors: Lara, Pedro C; Nguyen, Nam P; Macias-Verde, David; Burgos-Burgos, Javier; Arenas, Meritxell; Zamagni, Alice; Vinh-Hung, Vincent; Baumert, Brigitta G; Motta, Micaela; Myint, Arthur Sun; Bonet, Marta; Popescu, Tiberiu; Vuong, Te; Appalanaido, Gokula Kumar; Trigo, Lurdes; Karlsson, Ulf; Thariat, Juliette title: Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group date: 2020-05-09 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0506 sha: doc_id: 253998 cord_uid: 1jegybs9 file: cache/cord-254025-j1l0mder.json key: cord-254025-j1l0mder authors: de Melo, Andreia C.; Thuler, Luiz C. S.; da Silva, Jesse L.; de Albuquerque, Lucas Z.; Pecego, Ana C.; Rodrigues, Luciana de O. R.; da Conceição, Magda S.; Garrido, Marianne M.; Quintella Mendes, Gelcio L.; Mendes Pereira, Ana Cristina P.; Soares, Marcelo A.; Viola, João P. B. title: Cancer inpatients with COVID-19: A report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date: 2020-10-26 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241261 sha: doc_id: 254025 cord_uid: j1l0mder file: cache/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.json key: cord-254043-1slz1dvr authors: Jamil, Tahira; Alam, Intikhab; Gojobori, Takashi; Duarte, Carlos M. title: No Evidence for Temperature-Dependence of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-26 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00436 sha: doc_id: 254043 cord_uid: 1slz1dvr file: cache/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.json key: cord-253990-m75xwrz9 authors: Wang, Zhiguo; Hong, Xiaojing; Wang, Hongyan; Liu, Jun; Liu, Jun‐Ping title: Covid‐19: From structure to therapeutic targeting in studying approved drugs and local DNA vaccination date: 2020-10-29 journal: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13409 sha: doc_id: 253990 cord_uid: m75xwrz9 file: cache/cord-254119-w6otllf5.json key: cord-254119-w6otllf5 authors: Ingraham, Nicholas E; Lotfi-Emran, Sahar; Thielen, Beth K; Techar, Kristina; Morris, Rachel S; Holtan, Shernan G; Dudley, R Adams; Tignanelli, Christopher J title: Immunomodulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30226-5 sha: doc_id: 254119 cord_uid: w6otllf5 file: cache/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.json key: cord-254166-7y58ie8q authors: Palazzolo, Claudia; Maffongelli, Gaetano; D’Abramo, Alessandra; Lepore, Luciana; Mariano, Andrea; Vulcano, Antonella; Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli; Bevilacqua, Nazario; Giancola, Maria Letizia; Di Rosa, Enrico; Nicastri, Emanuele title: Legionella pneumonia: increased risk after COVID-19 lockdown? Italy, May to June 2020 date: 2020-07-30 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.30.2001372 sha: doc_id: 254166 cord_uid: 7y58ie8q file: cache/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.json key: cord-254144-8h6cli5d authors: Wallis, Lee A. title: African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings date: 2020-06-16 journal: Afr J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 254144 cord_uid: 8h6cli5d file: cache/cord-254162-tu81j66h.json key: cord-254162-tu81j66h authors: Bai, Xiyuan; Hippensteel, Joseph; Leavitt, Alida; Maloney, James P.; Beckham, David; Garcia, Cindy; Li, Qing; Freed, Brian M.; Ordway, Diane; Sandhaus, Robert A.; Chan, Edward D. title: Hypothesis: alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-12 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110394 sha: doc_id: 254162 cord_uid: tu81j66h file: cache/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.json key: cord-254177-jzdy1aq2 authors: Kilaru, Austin S.; Lee, Kathleen; Snider, Christopher K.; Meisel, Zachary F.; Asch, David A.; Mitra, Nandita; Delgado, M. Kit title: Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid‐19 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments date: 2020-08-27 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/acem.14117 sha: doc_id: 254177 cord_uid: jzdy1aq2 file: cache/cord-254278-awdqguoo.json key: cord-254278-awdqguoo authors: Khan, Suliman; Jun, Li; Nawsherwan; Siddique, Rabeea; Li, Yanyan; Han, Guang; Xue, Mengzhou; Nabi, Ghulam; Liu, Jianbo title: Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women date: 2020-04-08 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.034 sha: doc_id: 254278 cord_uid: awdqguoo file: cache/cord-254121-soiloa5l.json key: cord-254121-soiloa5l authors: Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh; Pell, Jill P; McGagh, Dylan; Liyanage, Harshana; Kelly, Dave; de Lusignan, Simon; Weatherburn, Christopher J; Burns, Ronnie; Sullivan, Frank M; Mair, Frances S title: Recording COVID-19 consultations: review of symptoms, risk factors, and proposed SNOMED CT terms date: 2020-08-26 journal: BJGP open DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101125 sha: doc_id: 254121 cord_uid: soiloa5l file: cache/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.json key: cord-254256-8jhaxcn1 authors: Ressaire, Quentin; Dudoignon, Emmanuel; Moreno, Nabila; Coutrot, Maxime; Depret, François title: Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients date: 2020-08-28 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.015 sha: doc_id: 254256 cord_uid: 8jhaxcn1 file: cache/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.json key: cord-254218-2wsf7xix authors: Collins, Jemima T.; Short, Roxanna; Carter, Ben; Verduri, Alessia; Myint, Phyo K.; Quinn, Terence J.; Vilches-Moraga, Arturo; Stechman, Michael J.; Moug, Susan; McCarthy, Kathryn; Hewitt, Jonathan title: The Clinical Frailty Scale: Estimating the Prevalence of Frailty in Older Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. The COPE Study date: 2020-09-21 journal: Geriatrics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5030058 sha: doc_id: 254218 cord_uid: 2wsf7xix file: cache/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.json key: cord-254124-4p1ah2h3 authors: Khan, Asif Iqbal; Shah, Junaid Latief; Bhat, Mohammad Mudasir title: CoroNet: A Deep Neural Network for Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-06-05 journal: Comput Methods Programs Biomed DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105581 sha: doc_id: 254124 cord_uid: 4p1ah2h3 file: cache/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.json key: cord-254222-ifsqiibv authors: O'Connor, Rory C; Hotopf, Matthew; Worthman, Carol M; Perry, V Hugh; Tracey, Irene; Wessely, Simon; Arseneault, Louise; Ballard, Clive; Christensen, Helen; Silver, Roxane Cohen; Ford, Tamsin; John, Ann; Kabir, Thomas; King, Kate; Simpson, Alan; Madan, Ira; Cowan, Katherine; Bullmore, Ed; Holmes, Emily A title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors' reply date: 2020-06-18 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30247-9 sha: doc_id: 254222 cord_uid: ifsqiibv file: cache/cord-254095-qkkimenx.json key: cord-254095-qkkimenx authors: Garcés, Leah title: COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture’s vulnerability date: 2020-05-14 journal: Agric Human Values DOI: 10.1007/s10460-020-10099-5 sha: doc_id: 254095 cord_uid: qkkimenx file: cache/cord-254382-xy8se56o.json key: cord-254382-xy8se56o authors: Santos, C.; Rhee, Y.; Hollinger, E.; Olaitan, O.; Schadde, E.; Peev, V.; Saltzberg, S.; Hertl, M. title: Comparative Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Versus Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Waitlisted Patients: A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20157990 sha: doc_id: 254382 cord_uid: xy8se56o file: cache/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.json key: cord-254411-e9vvjv8w authors: Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad; Akbari, Hassan title: The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis date: 2020-04-22 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109762 sha: doc_id: 254411 cord_uid: e9vvjv8w file: cache/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.json key: cord-254228-g2mjj7my authors: Felson, Marcus; Jiang, Shanhe; Xu, Yanqing title: Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020 date: 2020-06-23 journal: Crime Sci DOI: 10.1186/s40163-020-00120-x sha: doc_id: 254228 cord_uid: g2mjj7my file: cache/cord-254288-duukt2wh.json key: cord-254288-duukt2wh authors: Chew, Nicholas W.S.; Lee, Grace K.H.; Tan, Benjamin Y.Q.; Jing, Mingxue; Goh, Yihui; Ngiam, Nicholas J.H.; Yeo, Leonard L.L.; Ahmad, Aftab; Ahmed Khan, Faheem; Napolean Shanmugam, Ganesh; Sharma, Arvind K.; Komalkumar, R.N.; Meenakshi, P.V.; Shah, Kenam; Patel, Bhargesh; Chan, Bernard P.L.; Sunny, Sibi; Chandra, Bharatendu; Ong, Jonathan J.Y.; Paliwal, Prakash R.; Wong, Lily Y.H.; Sagayanathan, Renarebecca; Chen, Jin Tao; Ying Ng, Alison Ying; Teoh, Hock Luen; Tsivgoulis, Georgios; Ho, Cyrus S.; Ho, Roger C.; Sharma, Vijay K. title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-21 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049 sha: doc_id: 254288 cord_uid: duukt2wh file: cache/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.json key: cord-254421-0lvy15q2 authors: Nahshon, Chen; Lavie, Ofer title: Author’s Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment date: 2020-07-04 journal: World J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05672-2 sha: doc_id: 254421 cord_uid: 0lvy15q2 file: cache/cord-254419-qw83atrx.json key: cord-254419-qw83atrx authors: Bhattacharyya, Rajat; Iyer, Prasad; Phua, Ghee Chee; Lee, Jan Hau title: The Interplay Between Coagulation and Inflammation Pathways in COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-25 journal: Pulm Ther DOI: 10.1007/s41030-020-00126-5 sha: doc_id: 254419 cord_uid: qw83atrx file: cache/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.json key: cord-254269-x8vpnhd2 authors: Hakim, Abraham A.; Kellish, Alec S.; Atabek, Umur; Spitz, Francis R.; Hong, Young K. title: Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.026 sha: doc_id: 254269 cord_uid: x8vpnhd2 file: cache/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.json key: cord-254428-n0uwy77g authors: Zhao, Wen; Yu, Shikai; Zha, Xiangyi; Wang, Ning; Pang, Qiumei; Li, Tongzeng; Li, Aixin title: Clinical characteristics and durations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Beijing: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20035436 sha: doc_id: 254428 cord_uid: n0uwy77g file: cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.json key: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c authors: Islam, A.K.M. Najmul; Laato, Samuli; Talukder, Shamim; Sutinen, Erkki title: Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective date: 2020-07-12 journal: Technol Forecast Soc Change DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201 sha: doc_id: 254191 cord_uid: 5cxv9l3c file: cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.json key: cord-254340-e1x0z3rh authors: Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi; Ganly, Rachel; Li, Zilin; Gietel-Basten, Stuart title: Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date: 2020-06-26 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235306 sha: doc_id: 254340 cord_uid: e1x0z3rh file: cache/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.json key: cord-254449-ww7iq04j authors: Naithani, Nardeep; Datta, Rakesh title: COVID-19: Shades of Grey date: 2020-05-20 journal: Med J Armed Forces India DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 254449 cord_uid: ww7iq04j file: cache/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.json key: cord-254377-j8e8gb0l authors: Ali, Sadaf; Pappachan, Joseph M.; Mathew, Smitha title: Acute cor pulmonale from saddle pulmonary embolism in a patient with previous Covid-19 – should we prolong prophylactic anticoagulation? date: 2020-06-13 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.039 sha: doc_id: 254377 cord_uid: j8e8gb0l file: cache/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.json key: cord-254287-8q2gdy5n authors: Azoulay, Elie; de Waele, Jan; Ferrer, Ricard; Staudinger, Thomas; Borkowska, Marta; Povoa, Pedro; Iliopoulou, Katerina; Artigas, Antonio; Schaller, Stefan J.; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Pellegrini, Mariangela; Darmon, Michael; Kesecioglu, Jozef; Cecconi, Maurizio title: International variation in the management of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-05 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03194-w sha: doc_id: 254287 cord_uid: 8q2gdy5n file: cache/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.json key: cord-254452-gqqdx2r5 authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Singh, Akriti; Singh, Ritu; Misra, Anoop title: Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies date: 2020-05-12 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 254452 cord_uid: gqqdx2r5 file: cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.json key: cord-254538-vcf44w1k authors: Rocha Filho, C. 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A. title: Modelling the epidemic growth of preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190470 sha: doc_id: 254591 cord_uid: z9rfwm1g file: cache/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.json key: cord-254469-7q6xi2xx authors: Wang, Fuzhou; Kream, Richard M.; Stefano, George B. title: An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development date: 2020-05-05 journal: Med Sci Monit DOI: 10.12659/msm.924700 sha: doc_id: 254469 cord_uid: 7q6xi2xx file: cache/cord-254497-8bhahzys.json key: cord-254497-8bhahzys authors: Abdelnabi, Mahmoud; Eshak, Nouran; Saleh, Yehia; Almaghraby, Abdallah title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Myocarditis: Insights into Pathophysiology and Management date: 2020-06-17 journal: Eur Cardiol DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2020.16 sha: doc_id: 254497 cord_uid: 8bhahzys file: cache/cord-254687-g9tptfna.json key: cord-254687-g9tptfna authors: Nani, Fernando Souza; Stéfani, Kelly Cristina; Busnardo, Fabio de Freitas; Monteiro, Gustavo Gomes Ribeiro; dos Santos, Maria Gabriela Guimarães Ribeiro; John, Vanderley Moacyr; Gouvêa, Douglas; Carmona, Maria José C. title: Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-28 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2292 sha: doc_id: 254687 cord_uid: g9tptfna file: cache/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.json key: cord-254631-80sg4uvd authors: Llansó, Laura; Urra, Xabi title: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in COVID-19 Disease: a Case-Report date: 2020-08-26 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00470-2 sha: doc_id: 254631 cord_uid: 80sg4uvd file: cache/cord-254653-4ffuivil.json key: cord-254653-4ffuivil authors: Cinelli, Matteo; Quattrociocchi, Walter; Galeazzi, Alessandro; Valensise, Carlo Michele; Brugnoli, Emanuele; Schmidt, Ana Lucia; Zola, Paola; Zollo, Fabiana; Scala, Antonio title: The COVID-19 social media infodemic date: 2020-10-06 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5 sha: doc_id: 254653 cord_uid: 4ffuivil file: cache/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.json key: cord-254796-wzb6qv7y authors: Ford, James S.; Parikh, Aman; Sandhu, Rupinder; Turnipseed, Samuel; Morris, Beth; May, Larissa; Holmes, James F. title: Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region date: 2020-06-09 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/acem.14044 sha: doc_id: 254796 cord_uid: wzb6qv7y file: cache/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.json key: cord-254727-d1pgjtjh authors: Shao, Fei; Xu, Shuang; Ma, Xuedi; Xu, Zhouming; Lyu, Jiayou; Ng, Michael; Cui, Hao; Yu, Changxiao; Zhang, Qing; Sun, Peng; Tang, Ziren title: In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-10 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 254727 cord_uid: d1pgjtjh file: cache/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.json key: cord-254715-4dt8aqof authors: Kander, Thomas title: Coagulation disorder in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Lancet Haematol DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30218-0 sha: doc_id: 254715 cord_uid: 4dt8aqof file: cache/cord-254776-m4makxr8.json key: cord-254776-m4makxr8 authors: Luo, Shiua; Guo, Yanrong; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xu, Haibo title: A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-01 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.119 sha: doc_id: 254776 cord_uid: m4makxr8 file: cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.json key: cord-254782-fzuasf2o authors: Tadesse, Degena Bahrey; Gebrewahd, Gebremeskel Tukue; Gebre, Gebre Teklemariam title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-14 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100787 sha: doc_id: 254782 cord_uid: fzuasf2o file: cache/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.json key: cord-254458-bbcef8xt authors: Ali, Farhana; Sweeney, Daniel A title: Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is? date: 2020-04-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa511 sha: doc_id: 254458 cord_uid: bbcef8xt file: cache/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.json key: cord-254475-rdimnsmo authors: Johnson, S. S.; Jackson, K. C.; Mietchen, M. S.; Sbai, S.; Schwartz, E. J.; Lofgren, E. title: Excess Risk of COVID-19 to University Populations Resulting from In-Person Sporting Events date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.27.20202499 sha: doc_id: 254475 cord_uid: rdimnsmo file: cache/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.json key: cord-254667-yafcy8ul authors: Sisto, Antonella; Vicinanza, Flavia; Tuccinardi, Dario; Watanabe, Mikiko; Gallo, Ida Francesca; D’Alessio, Rossella; Manfrini, Silvia; Quintiliani, Livia title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients included in a bariatric surgery program date: 2020-08-28 journal: Eat Weight Disord DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00988-3 sha: doc_id: 254667 cord_uid: yafcy8ul file: cache/cord-254628-706vpjsv.json key: cord-254628-706vpjsv authors: Stewart, Claire R.; Lipner, Shari R. title: Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations date: 2020-06-03 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13749 sha: doc_id: 254628 cord_uid: 706vpjsv file: cache/cord-254686-pclq855r.json key: cord-254686-pclq855r authors: Sanmugam, Anand; Vythilingam, Ganesh; Singaravel, Srihari; Nah, Shireen Anne title: Assess, adapt and act: a paediatric surgery division’s initial approach in a rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-06-27 journal: Pediatr Surg Int DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04704-1 sha: doc_id: 254686 cord_uid: pclq855r file: cache/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.json key: cord-254494-wbfgrez1 authors: Shi, Chunhong; Zhu, Haili; Liu, Jun; Zhou, Jian; Tang, Weihong title: Barriers to Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes During COVID-19 Medical Isolation: A Qualitative Study date: 2020-10-14 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s268481 sha: doc_id: 254494 cord_uid: wbfgrez1 file: cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.json key: cord-254771-698gl09v authors: Ferriss, J. Stuart; Rose, Steve; Rungruang, Bunja; Urban, Renata; Spencer, Ryan; Uppal, Shitanshu; Sinno, Abdulrahman K.; Duska, Linda; Walsh, Christine title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date: 2020-10-17 journal: Gynecol Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.10.009 sha: doc_id: 254771 cord_uid: 698gl09v file: cache/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.json key: cord-254737-pv68fb7d authors: Imtyaz, Ayman; Abid Haleem,; Javaid, Mohd title: Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-14 journal: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 254737 cord_uid: pv68fb7d file: cache/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.json key: cord-254896-e6k1bp9n authors: Posch, Martin; Bauer, Peter; Posch, Alexander; König, Franz title: Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex date: 2020-07-03 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9 sha: doc_id: 254896 cord_uid: e6k1bp9n file: cache/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.json key: cord-254740-o80ssdrw authors: McCann, Shaun R. title: COVID-19, HCT and wine date: 2020-05-06 journal: Bone Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0932-3 sha: doc_id: 254740 cord_uid: o80ssdrw file: cache/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.json key: cord-254825-c5d0wul9 authors: Kim, Sei Won; Jo, Sung Jin; Lee, Heayon; Oh, Jung Hwan; Lim, Jihyang; Lee, Sang Haak; Choi, Jung Hyun; Lee, Jehoon title: Containment of a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea: A single-center experience date: 2020-08-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237692 sha: doc_id: 254825 cord_uid: c5d0wul9 file: cache/cord-254919-fi3inp67.json key: cord-254919-fi3inp67 authors: Molina, Melanie F.; Al Saud, Ahad A.; Al Mulhim, Abdullah A.; Liteplo, Andrew S.; Shokoohi, Hamid title: Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.023 sha: doc_id: 254919 cord_uid: fi3inp67 file: cache/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.json key: cord-254944-9f3wkvxp authors: Pollak, Y.; Shoham, R.; Dayan, H.; Gabrieli Seri, O.; Berger, I. title: Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211904 sha: doc_id: 254944 cord_uid: 9f3wkvxp file: cache/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.json key: cord-254967-r7c0pxep authors: Lai, Xue-Li; Wang, Hai-Yan; Guo, Zhi-Yong title: Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients date: 2020-05-04 journal: Chronic Dis Transl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 254967 cord_uid: r7c0pxep file: cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.json key: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz authors: Mayer, Kirby P.; Sturgill, Jamie L.; Kalema, Anna G.; Soper, Melissa K.; Seif, Sherif M.; Cassity, Evan P.; Hatton Kolpek, Jimmi; Dupont-Versteegden, Esther E.; Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A.; Morris, Peter E. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02481-y sha: doc_id: 254990 cord_uid: nrzwn6oz file: cache/cord-255047-0kr4y753.json key: cord-255047-0kr4y753 authors: Goletti, Orlando; Nessi, Chiara; Testa, Amidio; Albano, Giovanni; Torri, Valter; Beretta, Giordano Domenico; Castoldi, Massimo; Bombardieri, Emilio title: Factors Affecting Mortality in 1022 COVID-19 Patients Referred to an Emergency Department in Bergamo during the Peak of the Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00444-4 sha: doc_id: 255047 cord_uid: 0kr4y753 file: cache/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.json key: cord-254758-ubw0chrf authors: Newbold, Stephen C.; Finnoff, David; Thunström, Linda; Ashworth, Madison; Shogren, Jason F. title: Effects of Physical Distancing to Control COVID-19 on Public Health, the Economy, and the Environment date: 2020-08-04 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00440-1 sha: doc_id: 254758 cord_uid: ubw0chrf file: cache/cord-255119-l82o5fif.json key: cord-255119-l82o5fif authors: Passerini, Giorgio; Mancinelli, Enrico; Morichetti, Mauro; Virgili, Simone; Rizza, Umberto title: A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology date: 2020-06-05 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114051 sha: doc_id: 255119 cord_uid: l82o5fif file: cache/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.json key: cord-254777-h8hw4m9f authors: Tanner, Tamara; Wahezi, Dawn M. title: Hyperinflammation and the utility of immunomodulatory medications in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: Paediatr Respir Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 254777 cord_uid: h8hw4m9f file: cache/cord-254837-zhxabt66.json key: cord-254837-zhxabt66 authors: Giorgi, P. 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R.; Capitani, D.; D’Aliberti, G.; Gallazzi, E. title: Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01590-4 sha: doc_id: 254837 cord_uid: zhxabt66 file: cache/cord-255204-3qruat3s.json key: cord-255204-3qruat3s authors: Osborne, Vicki; Davies, Miranda; Lane, Samantha; Evans, Alison; Denyer, Jacqueline; Dhanda, Sandeep; Roy, Debabrata; Shakir, Saad title: Lopinavir-Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Dynamic Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment date: 2020-06-23 journal: Drug Saf DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-00966-9 sha: doc_id: 255204 cord_uid: 3qruat3s file: cache/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.json key: cord-255208-rbko9ecz authors: Stevens, Ryan W.; Rivera, Christina G.; Saleh, Omar Abu title: Time to Treat: Applying Lessons Learned from Other Viral Syndromes to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-12 journal: Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 255208 cord_uid: rbko9ecz file: cache/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.json key: cord-255294-x0ezeaz6 authors: Cilia, Roberto; Bonvegna, Salvatore; Straccia, Giulia; Nico, Golfrè Andreasi; Elia, Antonio E.; Romito, Luigi M.; Devigili, Grazia; Cereda, Emanuele; Eleopra, Roberto title: Effects of COVID‐19 on Parkinson's disease clinical features: a community‐based case‐control study date: 2020-05-25 journal: Mov Disord DOI: 10.1002/mds.28170 sha: doc_id: 255294 cord_uid: x0ezeaz6 file: cache/cord-255101-l5ssz750.json key: cord-255101-l5ssz750 authors: Daval, Mary; Corré, Alain; Palpacuer, Clement; Housset, Juliette; Poillon, Guillaume; Eliezer, Michael; Verillaud, Benjamin; Slama, Dorsaf; Ayache, Denis; Herman, Philippe; Jourdaine, Clement; Hervé, Camille; El Bakkouri, Wissame; Salmon, Dominique; Hautefort, Charlotte title: Efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-20 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04585-8 sha: doc_id: 255101 cord_uid: l5ssz750 file: cache/cord-255364-slvcfj80.json key: cord-255364-slvcfj80 authors: Tuty Kuswardhani, R.A.; Henrina, Joshua; Pranata, Raymond; Anthonius Lim, Michael; Lawrensia, Sherly; Suastika, Ketut title: Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-28 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 255364 cord_uid: slvcfj80 file: cache/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.json key: cord-255247-9mvbcyjg authors: Nelson, Caleb P.; Kurtz, Michael P.; Logvinenko, Tanya; Venna, Alyssia; McNamara, Erin R. title: Timing and outcomes of testicular torsion during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Pediatr Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.10.021 sha: doc_id: 255247 cord_uid: 9mvbcyjg file: cache/cord-254809-o454k6ae.json key: cord-254809-o454k6ae authors: He, Bing; Wang, Jun; Wang, Yudie; Zhao, Juan; Huang, Juan; Tian, Yu; Yang, Cheng; Zhang, Heng; Zhang, Mingxia; Gu, Lixing; Zhou, Xiaocui; Zhou, Jingjiao title: The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02075 sha: doc_id: 254809 cord_uid: o454k6ae file: cache/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.json key: cord-255149-mqsk7kiz authors: Gupta, Nikhil; Agrawal, Himanshu title: It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown date: 2020-05-26 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02392-8 sha: doc_id: 255149 cord_uid: mqsk7kiz file: cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.json key: cord-255360-yjn24sja authors: O'Connor, Daryl B.; Aggleton, John P.; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Cooper, Cary L.; Creswell, Cathy; Dunsmuir, Sandra; Fiske, Susan T.; Gathercole, Susan; Gough, Brendan; Ireland, Jane L.; Jones, Marc V.; Jowett, Adam; Kagan, Carolyn; Karanika‐Murray, Maria; Kaye, Linda K.; Kumari, Veena; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Lightman, Stafford; Malpass, Debra; Meins, Elizabeth; Morgan, B. Paul; Morrison Coulthard, Lisa J.; Reicher, Stephen D.; Schacter, Daniel L.; Sherman, Susan M.; Simms, Victoria; Williams, Antony; Wykes, Til; Armitage, Christopher J. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 journal: Br J Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12468 sha: doc_id: 255360 cord_uid: yjn24sja file: cache/cord-254993-bndl93qr.json key: cord-254993-bndl93qr authors: Sonnweber, Thomas; Boehm, Anna; Sahanic, Sabina; Pizzini, Alex; Aichner, Magdalena; Sonnweber, Bettina; Kurz, Katharina; Koppelstätter, Sabine; Haschka, David; Petzer, Verena; Hilbe, Richard; Theurl, Markus; Lehner, Daniela; Nairz, Manfred; Puchner, Bernhard; Luger, Anna; Schwabl, Christoph; Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa; Wöll, Ewald; Widmann, Gerlig; Tancevski, Ivan; Judith-Löffler-Ragg; Weiss, Günter title: Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients’ performance: a prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-21 journal: Respir Res DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01546-2 sha: doc_id: 254993 cord_uid: bndl93qr file: cache/cord-255367-do9jw51z.json key: cord-255367-do9jw51z authors: Fan, Qianqian; Pan, Feng; Yang, Lian title: Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation date: 2020-09-21 journal: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa305 sha: doc_id: 255367 cord_uid: do9jw51z file: cache/cord-254817-e1niin4m.json key: cord-254817-e1niin4m authors: Solomon, Daniel H.; Bucala, Richard; Kaplan, Mariana J.; Nigrovic, Peter A. title: The “Infodemic” of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-02 journal: Arthritis Rheumatol DOI: 10.1002/art.41468 sha: doc_id: 254817 cord_uid: e1niin4m file: cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.json key: cord-255435-mr239gai authors: Sher, Yelizaveta; Rabkin, Beatrice; Maldonado, Jose R.; Mohabir, Paul title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 journal: Psychosomatics DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 255435 cord_uid: mr239gai file: cache/cord-255173-69t521o3.json key: cord-255173-69t521o3 authors: Papa, Annalisa; Pozzessere, Chiara; Cicone, Francesco; Rizzuto, Fabiola; Cascini, Giuseppe Lucio title: Not all that glitters is COVID! Differential diagnosis of FDG-avid interstitial lung disease in low-prevalence regions date: 2020-10-19 journal: Eur J Hybrid Imaging DOI: 10.1186/s41824-020-00088-6 sha: doc_id: 255173 cord_uid: 69t521o3 file: cache/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.json key: cord-255381-mnmliv4e authors: Peng, Min; Mo, Beirong; Liu, Yansong; Xu, Mingming; Song, Xinran; Liu, Luyu; Fang, Yeqing; Guo, Tianyou; Ye, Jinying; Yu, Zhijian; Deng, Qiwen; Zhang, Xiangyang title: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.035 sha: doc_id: 255381 cord_uid: mnmliv4e file: cache/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.json key: cord-255221-v4r2ek6a authors: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe; Di Trolio, Rossella title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italy: Analysis of Risk Factors and Proposed Remedial Measures date: 2020-04-09 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00140 sha: doc_id: 255221 cord_uid: v4r2ek6a file: cache/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.json key: cord-255389-2fufd0ba authors: Razonable, Raymund R.; Carmona Porquera, Eva M.; Vergidis, Paschalis; Wilson, John W.; Marshall, William F. title: Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-23 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.037 sha: doc_id: 255389 cord_uid: 2fufd0ba file: cache/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.json key: cord-255461-i5kw4z5g authors: D'Marco, Luis; Puchades, Maria Jesús; Romero-Parra, Maria; Gorriz, Jose Luis title: Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics date: 2020-05-06 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00199 sha: doc_id: 255461 cord_uid: i5kw4z5g file: cache/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.json key: cord-255457-jlbg8jdv authors: Li, Jiawei; Wang, Xiao; Huang, Xiaolu; Chen, Fangxing; Zhang, Xuesong; Liu, Ying; Luo, Guangzuo; Xu, Xunhua title: Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-24 journal: BMC Med Imaging DOI: 10.1186/s12880-020-00456-5 sha: doc_id: 255457 cord_uid: jlbg8jdv file: cache/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.json key: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg authors: Safdar, Muhammad; Yasmin, Musarat title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan date: 2020-05-08 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12457 sha: doc_id: 255376 cord_uid: nqq5ieyg file: cache/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.json key: cord-255405-o8ilxqo1 authors: Sharma, V. K.; Nigam, U. title: Modelling of Covid-19 cases in India using Regression and Time Series models date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107540 sha: doc_id: 255405 cord_uid: o8ilxqo1 file: cache/cord-255103-ckecol7i.json key: cord-255103-ckecol7i authors: Lau, Hien; Khosrawipour, Tanja; Kocbach, Piotr; Ichii, Hirohito; Bania, Jacek; Khosrawipour, Veria title: Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters date: 2020-06-06 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.05.015 sha: doc_id: 255103 cord_uid: ckecol7i file: cache/cord-255365-fog62qdu.json key: cord-255365-fog62qdu authors: Goldstein, Neal D.; Burstyn, Igor title: On the importance of early testing even when imperfect in a pandemic such as COVID-19 date: 2020-08-03 journal: Glob Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100031 sha: doc_id: 255365 cord_uid: fog62qdu file: cache/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.json key: cord-255473-kizyv6mp authors: Ferrari, D.; Milic, J.; Tonelli, R.; Ghinelli, F.; Meschiari, M.; Volpi, S.; Faltoni, M.; Franceschi, G.; Iadisernia, V.; Yaacoub, D.; Ciusa, G.; Bacca, E.; Rogati, C.; Tutone, M.; Burastero, G.; Raimondi, A.; Menozzi, M.; Franceschini, E.; Cuomo, G.; Corradi, L.; Orlando, G.; Santoro, A.; Di Gaetano, M.; Puzzolante, C.; Carli, F.; Bedini, A.; Fantini, R.; Tabbi, L.; Castaniere, I.; Busani, S.; Clini, E.; Girardis, M.; Sarti, M.; Cossarizza, A.; Mussini, C.; Mandreoli, F.; Missier, P.; Guaraldi, G. title: Machine learning in predicting respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia - challenges, strengths, and opportunities in a global health emergency date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20107888 sha: doc_id: 255473 cord_uid: kizyv6mp file: cache/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.json key: cord-255492-50vo8bnc authors: Thureau, Sébastien; Faivre, Jean Christophe; Assaker, Richard; Biver, Emmanuel; Confavreux, Cyrille B.; Debiais, Françoise; Duterque-Coquillaud, Martine; Giammarile, Fransesco; Heymann, Dominique; Lecouvet, Frédéric E.; Morardet, Laetitia; Paycha, Frederic; Body, Jean-Jacques; Vieillard, Marie-Hélène title: Adapting palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases during the Covid-19 pandemic: GEMO position paper date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Bone Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100291 sha: doc_id: 255492 cord_uid: 50vo8bnc file: cache/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.json key: cord-255440-ls1l2mlg authors: Tindle, Courtney; Fuller, MacKenzie; Fonseca, Ayden; Taheri, Sahar; Ibeawuchi, Stella-Rita; Beutler, Nathan; Claire, Amanraj; Castillo, Vanessa; Hernandez, Moises; Russo, Hana; Duran, Jason; Crotty Alexander, Laura E.; Tipps, Ann; Lin, Grace; Thistlethwaite, Patricia A.; Chattopadhyay, Ranajoy; Rogers, Thomas F.; Sahoo, Debashis; Ghosh, Pradipta; Das, Soumita title: Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.17.344002 sha: doc_id: 255440 cord_uid: ls1l2mlg file: cache/cord-255525-7w5u789h.json key: cord-255525-7w5u789h authors: de Sales, Anderson Ribeiro; de Melo Casagrande, Emerson; Hochhegger, Bruno; Zanetti, Glaucia; Marchiori, Edson title: The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding date: 2020-07-27 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.029 sha: doc_id: 255525 cord_uid: 7w5u789h file: cache/cord-255572-tbrdis86.json key: cord-255572-tbrdis86 authors: Norton, Alice; Bucher, Adrian; Antonio, Emilia; Advani, Nicole; Grund, Henrike; Mburu, Sheila; Clegg, Emma; Boily-Larouche, Genevieve; Lay, A. Morgan; Carson, Gail; Tufet Bayona, Marta title: Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects date: 2020-09-08 journal: Wellcome Open Res DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16259.1 sha: doc_id: 255572 cord_uid: tbrdis86 file: cache/cord-255326-ito3q8da.json key: cord-255326-ito3q8da authors: YOUMNI, A.; CHAYKH, M. title: Exploring Causal relationship between risk factors and vulnerability to COVID-19Cases of Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Portugal, Morocco and South Africa date: 2020-06-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.24.20139121 sha: doc_id: 255326 cord_uid: ito3q8da file: cache/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.json key: cord-255495-xnoppq3y authors: Elrashdy, Fatma; Aljaddawi, Abdullah A.; Redwan, Elrashdy M.; Uversky, Vladimir N. title: On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity date: 2020-07-09 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426 sha: doc_id: 255495 cord_uid: xnoppq3y file: cache/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.json key: cord-255513-h8v6hba4 authors: Atar, Shaul; Atar, Itai title: An Invited Commentary on “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review” date: 2020-04-29 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.054 sha: doc_id: 255513 cord_uid: h8v6hba4 file: cache/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.json key: cord-255586-wshvvgxg authors: He, Shengyang; Zhou, Kefu; Hu, Mengyun; Liu, Chun; Xie, Lihua; Sun, Shenghua; Sun, Wenwu; Chen, Liangkai title: Clinical characteristics of “re-positive” discharged COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-15 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74284-6 sha: doc_id: 255586 cord_uid: wshvvgxg file: cache/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.json key: cord-255604-hnbzidf3 authors: Liu, Liping; Wang, David; Brainin, Michael; Elkind, Mitchell S V; Leira, Enrique; Wang, Yongjun title: Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: Stroke Vasc Neurol DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000429 sha: doc_id: 255604 cord_uid: hnbzidf3 file: cache/cord-255466-g3b283ym.json key: cord-255466-g3b283ym authors: Bhagra, Ojas; Patel, Shruti R.; Chon, Tony Y. title: An Integrated and Intergenerational Community Response to Promote Holistic Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-02 journal: Explore (NY) DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 255466 cord_uid: g3b283ym file: cache/cord-255474-7fq9culd.json key: cord-255474-7fq9culd authors: Alifano, Marco; Alifano, Pietro; Forgez, Patricia; Iannelli, Antonio title: Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-16 journal: Biochimie DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 255474 cord_uid: 7fq9culd file: cache/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.json key: cord-255476-p0gyyl3c authors: Hsu, Albert L.; Guan, Minhui; Johannesen, Eric; Stephens, Amanda J.; Khaleel, Nabila; Kagan, Nikki; Tuhlei, Breanna C.; Wan, Xiu‐Feng title: Placental SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID‐19 Disease date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26386 sha: doc_id: 255476 cord_uid: p0gyyl3c file: cache/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.json key: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9 authors: Moscadelli, Andrea; Albora, Giuseppe; Biamonte, Massimiliano Alberto; Giorgetti, Duccio; Innocenzio, Michele; Paoli, Sonia; Lorini, Chiara; Bonanni, Paolo; Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo title: Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study date: 2020-08-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165850 sha: doc_id: 255602 cord_uid: 3pzh5ur9 file: cache/cord-255600-2xs29l81.json key: cord-255600-2xs29l81 authors: Nazroo, J.; Becares, L. title: Evidence for ethnic inequalities in mortality related to COVID-19 infections: Findings from an ecological analysis of England and Wales date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125153 sha: doc_id: 255600 cord_uid: 2xs29l81 file: cache/cord-255695-10stetqg.json key: cord-255695-10stetqg authors: Riad, Abanoub; Gad, Akram; Hockova, Barbora; Klugar, Miloslav title: Oral Candidiasis in Non‐Severe COVID‐19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship date: 2020-09-21 journal: Oral Surg DOI: 10.1111/ors.12561 sha: doc_id: 255695 cord_uid: 10stetqg file: cache/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.json key: cord-255625-4r6ng57a authors: Graffigna, Guendalina; Palamenghi, Lorenzo; Barello, Serena; Stefania, Boccia title: “Cultivating” acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination program: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-11-10 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 255625 cord_uid: 4r6ng57a file: cache/cord-255817-asdjlq07.json key: cord-255817-asdjlq07 authors: Ozaras, Resat; Cirpin, Rasim; Duman, Habibe; Duran, Arif; Arslan, Ozgur; Leblebicioglu, Hakan title: An open call for influenza vaccination pending the new wave of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26272 sha: doc_id: 255817 cord_uid: asdjlq07 file: cache/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.json key: cord-255694-cdpsy36f authors: Dobler, Claudia C. title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Breathe (Sheff) DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0112-2020 sha: doc_id: 255694 cord_uid: cdpsy36f file: cache/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.json key: cord-255883-mz6nyisw authors: Asif, Muhammad; Saleem, Mohammad; Saadullah, Malik; Yaseen, Hafiza Sidra; Al Zarzour, Raghdaa title: COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties date: 2020-08-14 journal: Inflammopharmacology DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00744-0 sha: doc_id: 255883 cord_uid: mz6nyisw file: cache/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.json key: cord-255665-srvz2ay0 authors: Ferrari, Marco; Paderno, Alberto; Giannini, Lorenzo; Cazzador, Diego; Ciardiello, Cristina; Carretta, Giovanni; Piazza, Cesare; Nicolai, Piero title: COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions date: 2020-10-14 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105043 sha: doc_id: 255665 cord_uid: srvz2ay0 file: cache/cord-255752-ofph98ac.json key: cord-255752-ofph98ac authors: Chegondi, Madhuradhar; Kothari, Harsh; Chacham, Swathi; Badheka, Aditya title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Associated With Febrile Status Epilepticus in a Child date: 2020-08-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9840 sha: doc_id: 255752 cord_uid: ofph98ac file: cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.json key: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 authors: Sirimaturos, Michael; Gotur, Deepa B.; Patel, Samir J.; Dreucean, Diane; Jakowenko, Nicholas; Cooper, Megan H.; Brahmbhatt, Nishal; Graviss, Edward A.; Nguyen, Duc T.; Pingali, Sai Ravi; Lin, Jiejian; Musick, William L. title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000232 sha: doc_id: 255746 cord_uid: ir73lpi8 file: cache/cord-255603-quuju9h4.json key: cord-255603-quuju9h4 authors: Kumar, Aishwarya; Gupta, Puneet Kumar; Srivastava, Ankita title: A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-07 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 255603 cord_uid: quuju9h4 file: cache/cord-255867-moriv0va.json key: cord-255867-moriv0va authors: Sheth, Parth D.; Simons, Jessica P.; Robichaud, Devon I.; Ciaranello, Andrea L.; Schanzer, Andres title: Development of a Surgical Workforce Access Team (SWAT) in the Battle Against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.493 sha: doc_id: 255867 cord_uid: moriv0va file: cache/cord-255631-516epnjw.json key: cord-255631-516epnjw authors: Syeda, H. B.; Syed, M.; Sexton, K. W.; Syed, S.; Begum, S.; Syed, F.; Yu, F. title: The Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle COVID-19 Crisis: A Systematic Review. date: 2020-08-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.23.20180158 sha: doc_id: 255631 cord_uid: 516epnjw file: cache/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.json key: cord-256008-lwki1rzc authors: Sekeroglu, Boran; Ozsahin, Ilker title: Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-09-18 journal: SLAS Technol DOI: 10.1177/2472630320958376 sha: doc_id: 256008 cord_uid: lwki1rzc file: cache/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.json key: cord-255719-vhjmkrlb authors: Manghat, Nathan E.; Hamilton, Mark C.K.; Joshi, Nikhil V.; Vohra, Hunaid A. title: Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient - An Unrecognised Complication date: 2020-09-23 journal: JTCVS Tech DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.09.020 sha: doc_id: 255719 cord_uid: vhjmkrlb file: cache/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.json key: cord-255669-gpc5k7lf authors: de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel; Valdés-Florido, María José; López-Díaz, Álvaro title: Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date: 2020-07-02 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 255669 cord_uid: gpc5k7lf file: cache/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.json key: cord-255884-0qqg10y4 authors: Chiroma, H.; Ezugwu, A. E.; Jauro, F.; Al-Garadi, M. A.; Abdullahi, I. N.; Shuib, L. title: Early survey with bibliometric analysis on machine learning approaches in controlling coronavirus date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225698 sha: doc_id: 255884 cord_uid: 0qqg10y4 file: cache/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.json key: cord-255941-uc6z0vuu authors: Desai, Mauli; Oppenheimer, John title: “The Importance of Considering Olfactory Dysfunction During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in Clinical Practice” date: 2020-10-28 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.036 sha: doc_id: 255941 cord_uid: uc6z0vuu file: cache/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.json key: cord-255909-m94j1rh4 authors: Shree, Priya; Mishra, Priyanka; Selvaraj, Chandrabose; Singh, Sanjeev Kumar; Chaube, Radha; Garg, Neha; Tripathi, Yamini Bhusan title: Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study date: 2020-08-27 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1810778 sha: doc_id: 255909 cord_uid: m94j1rh4 file: cache/cord-255940-chb4iuis.json key: cord-255940-chb4iuis authors: Walton, David A.; Ivers, Louise C. title: Facility-Level Approaches for COVID-19 When Caseload Surpasses Surge Capacity date: 2020-06-26 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0681 sha: doc_id: 255940 cord_uid: chb4iuis file: cache/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.json key: cord-256091-mrc9p1vw authors: Jenkins, Wiley D.; Bolinski, Rebecca; Bresett, John; Van Ham, Brent; Fletcher, Scott; Walters, Suzan; Friedman, Samuel R; Ezell, Jerel M.; Pho, Mai; Schneider, John; Ouellet, Larry title: COVID‐19 During the Opioid Epidemic – Exacerbation of Stigma and Vulnerabilities date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Rural Health DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12442 sha: doc_id: 256091 cord_uid: mrc9p1vw file: cache/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.json key: cord-255908-gcttlpxm authors: Kiprov, Dobri; Conboy, Michael J.; Conboy, Irina M. title: Immunomodulation for the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-27 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102856 sha: doc_id: 255908 cord_uid: gcttlpxm file: cache/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.json key: cord-256121-9bl1ztuc authors: Reid, Michael J A; Silva, Sachin; Arinaminpathy, Nimalan; Goosby, Eric title: Building a tuberculosis-free world while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-22 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32138-3 sha: doc_id: 256121 cord_uid: 9bl1ztuc file: cache/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.json key: cord-256132-ufs9kw3o authors: AlAteeq, Deemah A.; Aljhani, Sumayah; AlEesa, Dalal title: Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA date: 2020-08-01 journal: J Taibah Univ Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 256132 cord_uid: ufs9kw3o file: cache/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.json key: cord-256011-0cr4ejxu authors: de Castro-Hamoy, Leniza; de Castro, Leonardo D. title: Age Matters but it should not be Used to Discriminate Against the Elderly in Allocating Scarce Resources in the Context of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: Asian Bioeth Rev DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00130-6 sha: doc_id: 256011 cord_uid: 0cr4ejxu file: cache/cord-256092-bph9ys72.json key: cord-256092-bph9ys72 authors: Hussain, Aneela N.; Hussain, Fazal; Hashmi, Shahrukh K. title: Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients - a double-edged sword? date: 2020-09-17 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110287 sha: doc_id: 256092 cord_uid: bph9ys72 file: cache/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.json key: cord-256157-jbidxfk0 authors: Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A.; Gutiérrez-Villaseñor, Alan; Romero-González, Juan P. title: Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico date: 2020-09-30 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06256-3 sha: doc_id: 256157 cord_uid: jbidxfk0 file: cache/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.json key: cord-255899-ehcod7c4 authors: Urano, Akira; Kasai, Hajime; Murai, Yushi; Ikeda, Hideki; Urushibara, Takashi title: Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-08-14 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.924476 sha: doc_id: 255899 cord_uid: ehcod7c4 file: cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.json key: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d authors: McDonnell, Sarah; McNamee, Emma; Lindow, Stephen W.; O’Connell, Michael P title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023 sha: doc_id: 256042 cord_uid: 1yq7kf7d file: cache/cord-256159-7x45wd45.json key: cord-256159-7x45wd45 authors: McFee, R.B. title: INTRODUCTION - EMERGING PATHOGESN AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC date: 2020-07-28 journal: Dis Mon DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101065 sha: doc_id: 256159 cord_uid: 7x45wd45 file: cache/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.json key: cord-256020-wrui3i2l authors: Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun; Sibuyi, Nicole Remaliah Samantha; Adewale, Olusola Bolaji; Bakare, Olalekan Olanrewaju; Akanbi, Musa Oyebowale; Klein, Ashwil; Madiehe, Abram Madimabe; Meyer, Mervin title: Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Int Med Res DOI: 10.1177/0300060520949077 sha: doc_id: 256020 cord_uid: wrui3i2l file: cache/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.json key: cord-256195-1hmzgwrw authors: Izzy, Saef; Tahir, Zabreen; Cote, David J; Al Jarrah, Ali; Roberts, Matthew Blake; Turbett, Sarah; Kadar, Aran; Smirnakis, Stelios M; Feske, Steven K; Zafonte, Ross; Fishman, Jay A; El Khoury, Joseph title: Characteristics and outcomes of Latinx patients with COVID-19 in comparison to other ethnic and racial groups date: 2020-09-01 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa401 sha: doc_id: 256195 cord_uid: 1hmzgwrw file: cache/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.json key: cord-256218-xv7aw4xn authors: Vargas, Maria; Iacovazzo, Carmine; Servillo, Giuseppe title: Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-16 journal: Transplantation DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003314 sha: doc_id: 256218 cord_uid: xv7aw4xn file: cache/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.json key: cord-256135-v75qvb1i authors: Persoon, Ilona F.; Stankiewicz, Nikolai; Smith, Andrew; de Soet, Hans (J.J.); Volgenant, Catherine M.C. title: A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.027 sha: doc_id: 256135 cord_uid: v75qvb1i file: cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.json key: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 authors: Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Andrés-Villas, Montserrat; Domínguez-Salas, Sara; Díaz-Milanés, Diego; Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date: 2020-06-02 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113947 sha: doc_id: 256041 cord_uid: k4y6t0i5 file: cache/cord-256255-wqpndl46.json key: cord-256255-wqpndl46 authors: Wang, Lang; He, Wen-Bo; Yu, Xiao-Mei; Hu, Da-Long; Jiang, Hong title: Prolonged prothrombin time at admission predicts poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4370 sha: doc_id: 256255 cord_uid: wqpndl46 file: cache/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.json key: cord-256233-k9hdq3z8 authors: Lipsky, Martin S.; Hung, Man title: Men and COVID-19: A Pathophysiologic Review date: 2020-09-16 journal: Am J Mens Health DOI: 10.1177/1557988320954021 sha: doc_id: 256233 cord_uid: k9hdq3z8 file: cache/cord-256051-87alqfkd.json key: cord-256051-87alqfkd authors: Revzin, Margarita V.; 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Nicastro, Emanuele; Speziani, Camilla; De Giorgio, Massimo; Pasulo, Luisa; Magro, Bianca; Fagiuoli, Stefano; Antiga, Lorenzo D' title: Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 256351 cord_uid: q8lkhklw file: cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.json key: cord-256260-9jatvium authors: Han, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Mao; Xia, Da; He, Lichao; Lv, Xin; Liao, Xiaohua; Meng, Jie title: COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date: 2020-04-08 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108413 sha: doc_id: 256260 cord_uid: 9jatvium file: cache/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.json key: cord-256166-4pvk3fqn authors: Indini, Alice; Aschele, Carlo; Bruno, Daniele; Cavanna, Luigi; Clerico, Mario; Fiorentini, Giammaria; Fioretto, Luisa; Giordano, Monica; Montesarchio, Vincenzo; Ortega, Cinzia; Pinotti, Graziella; Scanni, Alberto; Zamagni, Claudio; Blasi, Livio; Grossi, Francesco title: Reorganization of Medical Oncology Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Nationwide Italian Survey date: 2020-04-06 journal: Eur J Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.024 sha: doc_id: 256166 cord_uid: 4pvk3fqn file: cache/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.json key: cord-256385-g1wcfrfi authors: Badraoui, Riadh; Alrashedi, Mousa M.; El-May, Michèle Véronique; Bardakci, Fevzi title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803139 sha: doc_id: 256385 cord_uid: g1wcfrfi file: cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.json key: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj authors: Almazrou, Saja H.; Almalki, Ziyad S.; Alanazi, Abdullah S; Alqahtani, Abdulhadi M.; AlGhamd, Saleh M. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.019 sha: doc_id: 256294 cord_uid: 9gmn4fcj file: cache/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.json key: cord-256443-kejqbo1q authors: Forbes, Nauzer; Smith, Zachary L.; Spitzer, Rebecca L.; Keswani, Rajesh N.; Wani, Sachin B.; Elmunzer, B. Joseph title: Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey date: 2020-05-04 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.071 sha: doc_id: 256443 cord_uid: kejqbo1q file: cache/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.json key: cord-256500-nlavfnpt authors: Zhang, Dan; Guo, Rui; Lei, Lei; Liu, Hongjuan; Wang, Yawen; Wang, Yili; Dai, Tongxin; Zhang, Tianxiao; Lai, Yanjun; Wang, Jingya; Liu, Zhiqiang; He, Aili; O'Dwyer, Michael; Hu, Jinsong title: COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042655 sha: doc_id: 256500 cord_uid: nlavfnpt file: cache/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.json key: cord-256309-hbdrobn1 authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Statins in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 256309 cord_uid: hbdrobn1 file: cache/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.json key: cord-256357-dlc8yb6j authors: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during the Coronavirus Crisis – important updates for the cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia community date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.039 sha: doc_id: 256357 cord_uid: dlc8yb6j file: cache/cord-256227-nl90gljl.json key: cord-256227-nl90gljl authors: Dzobo, Mathias; Chitungo, Itai; Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa title: COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-30 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.23059 sha: doc_id: 256227 cord_uid: nl90gljl file: cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.json key: cord-256553-iw5squ6n authors: Neiva, Mariane Barros; Carvalho, Isabelle; Costa, Etevaldo dos Santos; Barbosa-Junior, Francisco; Bernardi, Filipe Andrade; Sanches, Tiago Lara Michelin; de Oliveira, Lariza Laura; Lima, Vinicius Costa; Miyoshi, Newton Shydeo Brandão; Alves, Domingos title: Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0550-2020 sha: doc_id: 256553 cord_uid: iw5squ6n file: cache/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.json key: cord-256223-g7gw02pf authors: Dang, Anh Kim; Le, Xuan Thi Thanh; Le, Huong Thi; Tran, Bach Xuan; Do, Toan Thi Thanh; Phan, Hanh Thi Bich; Nguyen, Thao Thanh; Pham, Quan Thi; Ta, Nhung Thi Kim; Nguyen, Quynh Thi; Van Duong, Quan; Hoang, Men Thi; Pham, Hai Quang; Nguyen, Trang Ha; Vu, Linh Gia; Latkin, Carl A.; Ho, Cyrus SH; Ho, Roger C. M. title: Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown date: 2020-09-03 journal: Annals of global health DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2976 sha: doc_id: 256223 cord_uid: g7gw02pf file: cache/cord-256565-59bnifxm.json key: cord-256565-59bnifxm authors: Lebwohl, Mark; Rivera-Oyola, Ryan; Murrell, Dedee F. title: Reply to: “COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution” date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.103 sha: doc_id: 256565 cord_uid: 59bnifxm file: cache/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.json key: cord-256568-mbkrg98v authors: Jantzen, R.; Noisel, N.; Camilleri-Broet, S.; Labbe, C.; de Malliard, T.; Payette, Y.; Broet, P. title: Epidemiological and socio-economic characteristics of the COVID-19 spring outbreak in Quebec, Canada: A population-based study date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182675 sha: doc_id: 256568 cord_uid: mbkrg98v file: cache/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.json key: cord-256326-3ebcuzd6 authors: Liotta, Giuseppe; Marazzi, Maria Cristina; Orlando, Stefano; Palombi, Leonardo title: Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox date: 2020-05-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233329 sha: doc_id: 256326 cord_uid: 3ebcuzd6 file: cache/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.json key: cord-256262-lwc4ghj2 authors: Gangneux, Jean-Pierre; Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth; Dannaoui, Eric; Cornet, Muriel; Jean Ralph, ZAHAR title: Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared date: 2020-04-06 journal: J Mycol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100971 sha: doc_id: 256262 cord_uid: lwc4ghj2 file: cache/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.json key: cord-256542-v8cyfo66 authors: Heffner, Joseph; Vives, Marc-Lluís; FeldmanHall, Oriel title: Emotional responses to prosocial messages increase willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2021-02-15 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110420 sha: doc_id: 256542 cord_uid: v8cyfo66 file: cache/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.json key: cord-256332-ha7tx1fo authors: Gopal, Jeevan Prakash; Papalois, Vassilios E title: COVID-19 pandemic: Building organisational flexibility to scale transplant programs date: 2020-10-18 journal: World J Transplant DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i10.277 sha: doc_id: 256332 cord_uid: ha7tx1fo file: cache/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.json key: cord-256723-2eab6g7i authors: Chen, Taige; Lu, Xiaofan; Wang, Yang; Wang, Jun title: Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Asian J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 256723 cord_uid: 2eab6g7i file: cache/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.json key: cord-256458-3fyul3k2 authors: Kolikonda, Murali Krishnan; Jandrasupalli, Kranthi Kumar; Lippmann, Steven title: Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Stroke: A Rising Concern date: 2020-08-13 journal: Neuroepidemiology DOI: 10.1159/000510134 sha: doc_id: 256458 cord_uid: 3fyul3k2 file: cache/cord-256482-xcoignha.json key: cord-256482-xcoignha authors: Kelley, Maureen; Ferrand, Rashida A; Muraya, Kui; Chigudu, Simukai; Molyneux, Sassy; Pai, Madhukar; Barasa, Edwine title: An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries date: 2020-05-14 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30249-7 sha: doc_id: 256482 cord_uid: xcoignha file: cache/cord-256689-k7to2amn.json key: cord-256689-k7to2amn authors: Lombardo, Eduardo; Pagnoncelli, Rogério Miranda title: Publication of COVID‐19 case reports: are we hurrying? date: 2020-06-09 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13466 sha: doc_id: 256689 cord_uid: k7to2amn file: cache/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.json key: cord-256665-p9vbeffv authors: Kenyon, Chris title: The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise date: 2020-05-06 journal: Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 256665 cord_uid: p9vbeffv file: cache/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.json key: cord-256705-gexh2wtd authors: Prescott, K.; Baxter, E.; Lynch, C.; Jassal, S.; Bashir, A.; Gray, J. title: COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England? date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.031 sha: doc_id: 256705 cord_uid: gexh2wtd file: cache/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.json key: cord-256676-b7p92sb1 authors: Syed, Faiza; Sibgatullah, Syed title: Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 sha: doc_id: 256676 cord_uid: b7p92sb1 file: cache/cord-256508-ce59ovan.json key: cord-256508-ce59ovan authors: Asselah, Tarik; Durantel, David; Pasmant, Eric; Lau, George; Schinazi, Raymond F. title: COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 sha: doc_id: 256508 cord_uid: ce59ovan file: cache/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.json key: cord-256736-ep9aqpfs authors: Fathi, Nazanin; Rezaei, Nima title: Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities date: 2020-06-03 journal: Cell Biol Int DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11403 sha: doc_id: 256736 cord_uid: ep9aqpfs file: cache/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.json key: cord-256556-1zea3wa1 authors: Lou, Yan; Liu, Lin; Yao, Hangping; Hu, Xingjiang; Su, Junwei; Xu, Kaijin; Luo, Rui; Yang, Xi; He, Lingjuan; Lu, Xiaoyang; Zhao, Qingwei; Liang, Tingbo; Qiu, Yunqing title: Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial date: 2020-10-25 journal: Eur J Pharm Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105631 sha: doc_id: 256556 cord_uid: 1zea3wa1 file: cache/cord-256786-7gca01lr.json key: cord-256786-7gca01lr authors: Bartilotti‐Matos, F; Davies, P. title: Pearls and Pitfalls: two contrasting HIV diagnoses in the COVID‐19 era and the case for screening date: 2020-08-13 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26428 sha: doc_id: 256786 cord_uid: 7gca01lr file: cache/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.json key: cord-256717-bnzbhetc authors: Paton, Calum title: Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Int J Health Plann Manage DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2991 sha: doc_id: 256717 cord_uid: bnzbhetc file: cache/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.json key: cord-256596-ejuyfto6 authors: Field, Robert I.; Orlando, Anthony W.; Rosoff, Arnold J. title: Genetics and COVID-19: How to Protect the Susceptible date: 2020-08-29 journal: Trends Genet DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 256596 cord_uid: ejuyfto6 file: cache/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.json key: cord-256752-x7h4tix2 authors: Yu, Hua; Li, Mingli; Li, Zhixiong; Xiang, Weiyi; Yuan, Yiwen; Liu, Yaya; Li, Zhe; Xiong, Zhenzhen title: Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-27 journal: BMC Psychiatry DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02826-3 sha: doc_id: 256752 cord_uid: x7h4tix2 file: cache/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.json key: cord-256634-gg8hptfg authors: Rhodes, N. J.; Dairem, A.; Moore, W.; Shah, A.; Postelnick, M. J.; Badowski, M. E.; Michienzi, S. M.; Borkowski, J. L.; Polisetty, R. S.; Fong, K.; Spivek, E. S.; Beardsley, J. R.; Hale, C. M.; Pallotta, A. M.; Srinivas, P.; Schulz, L. T. title: Multicenter point-prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20121558 sha: doc_id: 256634 cord_uid: gg8hptfg file: cache/cord-256719-njrjepor.json key: cord-256719-njrjepor authors: Balsari, Satchit; Sange, Mansoor; Udwadia, Zarir title: COVID-19 care in India: the course to self-reliance date: 2020-08-24 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30384-3 sha: doc_id: 256719 cord_uid: njrjepor file: cache/cord-256696-leqakx22.json key: cord-256696-leqakx22 authors: Sherratt, K.; Abbott, S.; Meakin, S.; Hellewell, J.; Munday, J. D.; Bosse, N.; CMMID Covid-19 working group,; Jit, M.; Funk, S. title: Evaluating the use of the reproduction number as an epidemiological tool, using spatio-temporal trends of the Covid-19 outbreak in England date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.18.20214585 sha: doc_id: 256696 cord_uid: leqakx22 file: cache/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.json key: cord-256878-3e2fcx9k authors: Moadel, Renee M.; Zamora, Edgar; Burns, Judah G.; Valdivia, Ana Y.; Love, Charito; Song, Na; Zuckier, Lionel S. title: Remaining Academically Connected While Socially Distant: Leveraging Technology to Support Dispersed Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Training Programs in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 256878 cord_uid: 3e2fcx9k file: cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.json key: cord-256888-tdx12ccj authors: Bradley, Benjamin T; Maioli, Heather; Johnston, Robert; Chaudhry, Irfan; Fink, Susan L; Xu, Haodong; Najafian, Behzad; Deutsch, Gail; Lacy, J Matthew; Williams, Timothy; Yarid, Nicole; Marshall, Desiree A title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series date: 2020-07-16 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2 sha: doc_id: 256888 cord_uid: tdx12ccj file: cache/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.json key: cord-256893-3sh87h2x authors: Yang, Li; Liu, Shasha; Liu, Jinyan; Zhang, Zhixin; Wan, Xiaochun; Huang, Bo; Chen, Youhai; Zhang, Yi title: COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics date: 2020-07-25 journal: Signal Transduct Target Ther DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2 sha: doc_id: 256893 cord_uid: 3sh87h2x file: cache/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.json key: cord-256975-ma9abdj8 authors: Motterle, Giovanni; Morlacco, Alessandro; Iafrate, Massimo; Bianco, Marta; Federa, Giuliano; Xhafka, Orest; Zattoni, Filiberto; Prayer-Galetti, Tommaso title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience date: 2020-05-23 journal: World J Urol DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03264-2 sha: doc_id: 256975 cord_uid: ma9abdj8 file: cache/cord-256743-v8vegody.json key: cord-256743-v8vegody authors: Papes, Dino; Jeroncic, Ana; Ozimec, Elizabeta title: Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13301 sha: doc_id: 256743 cord_uid: v8vegody file: cache/cord-256862-038rrdtp.json key: cord-256862-038rrdtp authors: Oland, Gabriel; Garner, Omai; Maurice, Annabelle de St title: Prospective Clinical Validation of 3D Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115257 sha: doc_id: 256862 cord_uid: 038rrdtp file: cache/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.json key: cord-256864-v3mxcwru authors: Tang, Yueting; Li, Yirong; Sun, Jiayu; Pan, Huaqin; Yao, Fen; Jiao, Xiaoyang title: Selection of an Optimal Combination Panel to Better Triage COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Inflamm Res DOI: 10.2147/jir.s273193 sha: doc_id: 256864 cord_uid: v3mxcwru file: cache/cord-257003-749zpxuy.json key: cord-257003-749zpxuy authors: Onchonga, David; Omwoyo, Joshua; Nyamamba, Duke title: Assessing the Prevalence of Self-Medication among Healthcare Workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-14 journal: Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 257003 cord_uid: 749zpxuy file: cache/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.json key: cord-257099-8k28vkgf authors: Fan, Jingchun; Liu, Xiaodong; Shao, Guojun; Qi, Junpin; Li, Yi; Pan, Weimin; Hambly, Brett D.; Bao, Shisan title: The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China date: 2020-05-12 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101741 sha: doc_id: 257099 cord_uid: 8k28vkgf file: cache/cord-256795-j66tcamq.json key: cord-256795-j66tcamq authors: Wang, Jin; Wang, Zhuo; Liu, Xiaojin; Yang, Xiaofan; Zheng, Meilin; Bai, Xuejun title: The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() date: 2020-08-20 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110349 sha: doc_id: 256795 cord_uid: j66tcamq file: cache/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.json key: cord-257160-40tdt7y3 authors: Gupta, Rohit; Patnaik, Itish; Kumar, Ashok title: Letter to the editor in response to COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-07-01 journal: Pancreatology DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 257160 cord_uid: 40tdt7y3 file: cache/cord-256688-yy7abob9.json key: cord-256688-yy7abob9 authors: Chavez, Summer; Long, Brit; Koyfman, Alex; Liang, Stephen Y. title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians date: 2020-03-24 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.036 sha: doc_id: 256688 cord_uid: yy7abob9 file: cache/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.json key: cord-256891-as6tbfrh authors: Rubin, Samuel J. S.; Falkson, Samuel Robert; Degner, Nicholas; Blish, Catherine title: Clinical characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity in California date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.27.20043661 sha: doc_id: 256891 cord_uid: as6tbfrh file: cache/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.json key: cord-257161-lx3ar43e authors: Yang, Xu; Li, Deli; Liu, Xiaoqiang; Tan, Jianguo title: Learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-03 journal: J Prosthet Dent DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 257161 cord_uid: lx3ar43e file: cache/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.json key: cord-257142-q79yy6o5 authors: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo; Goren, Andy; Vaño‐Galván, Sergio; Ramos, Paulo Müller; Ossimetha, Angelina; Nau, Gerard; Herrera, Sabina; McCoy, John title: Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID‐19 disease severity date: 2020-05-15 journal: Drug Dev Res DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21688 sha: doc_id: 257142 cord_uid: q79yy6o5 file: cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.json key: cord-257158-obskf44d authors: Assefa, K. T.; Gashu, A. W.; Mulualem, T. D. title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.20.20198259 sha: doc_id: 257158 cord_uid: obskf44d file: cache/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.json key: cord-257076-uh98ilhr authors: Lionis, Christos; Petelos, Elena title: Challenges, priorities and tasks for the generalists at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-17 journal: The European journal of general practice DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1791073 sha: doc_id: 257076 cord_uid: uh98ilhr file: cache/cord-257273-itefsyv4.json key: cord-257273-itefsyv4 authors: Jefsen, O. H.; Rohde, C.; Nørremark, B.; Østergaard, S. D. title: COVID‐19‐related self‐harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders date: 2020-07-30 journal: Acta Psychiatr Scand DOI: 10.1111/acps.13214 sha: doc_id: 257273 cord_uid: itefsyv4 file: cache/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.json key: cord-257102-5i0zxhs1 authors: Abraham, Leola A.; Brown, Timothy C.; Thomas, Shaun A. title: How COVID-19’s Disruption of the U.S. Correctional System Provides an Opportunity for Decarceration date: 2020-06-19 journal: Am J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09537-1 sha: doc_id: 257102 cord_uid: 5i0zxhs1 file: cache/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.json key: cord-257312-z6rmd0sg authors: Dörr, Rolf title: Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology date: 2020-04-16 journal: Herz DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04922-2 sha: doc_id: 257312 cord_uid: z6rmd0sg file: cache/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.json key: cord-257268-6a6nc2k7 authors: Kennelly, S. P.; Dyer, A. H.; Martin, R.; Kennelly, S. M.; Martin, A.; O'Neill, D.; Fallon, A. title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 sha: doc_id: 257268 cord_uid: 6a6nc2k7 file: cache/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.json key: cord-257274-fzyamd7v authors: Peiro-Garcia, Alejandro; Corominas, Laura; Coelho, Alexandre; DeSena-DeCabo, Lidia; Torner-Rubies, Ferran; Fontecha, Cesar G. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: a preliminary report date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Child Orthop DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200099 sha: doc_id: 257274 cord_uid: fzyamd7v file: cache/cord-257263-906epvo1.json key: cord-257263-906epvo1 authors: Martellucci, Cecilia Acuti; Sah, Ranjit; Rabaan, Ali A.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Casalone, Cristina; Arteaga-Livias, Kovy; Sawano, Toyoaki; Ozaki, Akihiko; Bhandari, Divya; Higuchi, Asaka; Kotera, Yasuhiro; Fathah, Zareena; Roy, Namrata; Ur Rahman, Mohammed Ateeq; Tanimoto, Tetsuya; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps date: 2020-07-18 journal: Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00373-z sha: doc_id: 257263 cord_uid: 906epvo1 file: cache/cord-257344-d13at1y5.json key: cord-257344-d13at1y5 authors: Ghasemiyeh, Parisa; Mohammadi-Samani, Soliman title: COVID-19 Outbreak: Challenges in Pharmacotherapy Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Drug Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Infection date: 2020-09-18 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.025 sha: doc_id: 257344 cord_uid: d13at1y5 file: cache/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.json key: cord-257429-k1rgljmu authors: Daga, S.; Fallerini, C.; Baldassarri, M.; Fava, F.; Valentino, F.; Doddato, G.; Benetti, E.; Furini, S.; Giliberti, A.; Tita, R.; Amitrano, S.; Bruttini, M.; Meloni, I.; Pinto, A. M.; Raimondi, F.; Stella, A.; Biscarini, F.; Picchiotti, N.; Gori, M.; Pinoli, P.; Ceri, S.; Sanarico, M.; Crawley, F. P.; GEN-COVID Multicenter Study,; Renieri, A.; Mari, F.; Frullanti, E. title: Employing a Systematic Approach to Biobanking and Analyzing Genetic and Clinical Data for Advancing COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161307 sha: doc_id: 257429 cord_uid: k1rgljmu file: cache/cord-257468-woyycghi.json key: cord-257468-woyycghi authors: Basso, Trude; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Sundqvist, Erik; Martinsen, Tom Christian; Witsø, Eivind; Wik, Tina S. title: Transmission of infection from non-isolated patients with COVID-19 to health care workers date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 257468 cord_uid: woyycghi file: cache/cord-256961-935r7w01.json key: cord-256961-935r7w01 authors: Lu, S.; Zhou, Q.; Huang, L.; Shi, Q.; Zhao, S.; Wang, Z.; Li, W.; Tang, Y.; Ma, Y.; Luo, X.; Fukuoka, T.; Ahn, H. S.; Lee, M. S.; Luo, Z.; Liu, E.; Chen, Y.; Zhou, C.; Peng, D. title: Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoids to Treat COVID-19: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20064469 sha: doc_id: 256961 cord_uid: 935r7w01 file: cache/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.json key: cord-257144-3q0un5rl authors: Giri, Allan; Das, Ankita; Sarkar, Ajoy K.; Giri, Ashok K. title: Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 journal: Genes Environ DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00164-0 sha: doc_id: 257144 cord_uid: 3q0un5rl file: cache/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.json key: cord-257191-u5xnmsv8 authors: Farshi, Esmaeil; Kasmapur, Bahram; Arad, Anya title: Investigation of immune cells on elimination of pulmonary‐Infected COVID‐19 and important role of innate immunity, phagocytes date: 2020-09-18 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2158 sha: doc_id: 257191 cord_uid: u5xnmsv8 file: cache/cord-257214-cje7sey1.json key: cord-257214-cje7sey1 authors: Pranata, Raymond; Lim, Michael Anthonius; Yonas, Emir; Siswanto, Bambang Budi; Meyer, Markus title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-09 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7 sha: doc_id: 257214 cord_uid: cje7sey1 file: cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.json key: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd authors: Lee, James S.; Godard, Aurélie title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03281-y sha: doc_id: 257361 cord_uid: 7q0vbvvd file: cache/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.json key: cord-257258-hu9oxea1 authors: Chabner, Bruce A. title: Taking the Longer View of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Oncologist DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0313 sha: doc_id: 257258 cord_uid: hu9oxea1 file: cache/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.json key: cord-257309-sazs5wgh authors: Ho, Hsi-en; Mathew, Sheryl; Peluso, Michael J.; Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte title: Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.052 sha: doc_id: 257309 cord_uid: sazs5wgh file: cache/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.json key: cord-257357-u1npw7tw authors: Lagunas‐Rangel, Francisco Alejandro title: Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A meta‐analysis date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25819 sha: doc_id: 257357 cord_uid: u1npw7tw file: cache/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.json key: cord-257056-0z3qiz6p authors: Kivuti-Bitok, L. W.; Momodu, A. S.; Jebet, J. C.; Kimemia, F.; Gichuki, I.; Ngune, I. title: System Dynamics Model of Possible Covid-19 Trajectories Under Various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options in Low Resource Setting. date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.06.20204487 sha: doc_id: 257056 cord_uid: 0z3qiz6p file: cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.json key: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 authors: Flythe, Jennifer E.; Assimon, Magdalene M.; Tugman, Matthew J.; Chang, Emily H.; Gupta, Shruti; Shah, Jatan; Sosa, Marie Anne; DeMauro Renaghan, Amanda; Melamed, Michal L.; Wilson, F. Perry; Neyra, Javier A.; Rashidi, Arash; Boyle, Suzanne M.; Anand, Shuchi; Christov, Marta; Thomas, Leslie F.; Edmonston, Daniel; Leaf, David E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 journal: Am J Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003 sha: doc_id: 256746 cord_uid: ggnd8y06 file: cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.json key: cord-257556-lmws8eed authors: Rafiq, Danish; Batool, Asiya; Bazaz, M. A. title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2113 sha: doc_id: 257556 cord_uid: lmws8eed file: cache/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.json key: cord-257374-8js7f9a3 authors: Watson, A.; Haraldsdottir, K.; Biese, K.; Goodavish, L.; Stevens, B.; McGuine, T. title: COVID-19 in Youth Soccer date: 2020-09-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201616 sha: doc_id: 257374 cord_uid: 8js7f9a3 file: cache/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.json key: cord-257613-o0q7hvn3 authors: Shafiee, Abbas; Moradi, Lida; Lim, Mayasari; Brown, Jason title: Coronavirus disease 2019: A tissue engineering and regenerative medicine perspective date: 2020-08-21 journal: Stem Cells Transl Med DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0197 sha: doc_id: 257613 cord_uid: o0q7hvn3 file: cache/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.json key: cord-257611-z0sng9sx authors: Kalantari, Hamidreza; Tabrizi, Aida Haji Hossein; Foroohi, Fatemeh title: Determination of COVID-19 prevalence with regards to age range of patients referring to the hospitals located in western Tehran, Iran date: 2020-10-07 journal: Gene Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100910 sha: doc_id: 257611 cord_uid: z0sng9sx file: cache/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.json key: cord-257729-s0vo7dlk authors: Bauer, Melissa; Bernstein, Kyra; Dinges, Emily; Delgado, Carlos; El-Sharawi, Nadir; Sultan, Pervez; Mhyre, Jill M.; Landau, Ruth title: Obstetric Anesthesia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004856 sha: doc_id: 257729 cord_uid: s0vo7dlk file: cache/cord-257718-72b0edg6.json key: cord-257718-72b0edg6 authors: Romanelli, John; Gee, Denise; Mellinger, John D.; Alseidi, Adnan; Bittner, James G.; Auyang, Edward; Asbun, Horacio; Feldman, Liane S. title: The COVID-19 reset: lessons from the pandemic on Burnout and the Practice of Surgery date: 2020-10-13 journal: Surg Endosc DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08072-8 sha: doc_id: 257718 cord_uid: 72b0edg6 file: cache/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.json key: cord-257555-tmuvbq1k authors: Munsch, N.; Martin, A.; Gruarin, S.; Nateqi, J.; Abdarahmane, I.; Weingartner-Ortner, R.; Knapp, B. title: A benchmark of online COVID-19 symptom checkers date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20109777 sha: doc_id: 257555 cord_uid: tmuvbq1k file: cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.json key: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn authors: Azzi, Lorenzo; Carcano, Giulio; Gianfagna, Francesco; Grossi, Paolo; Gasperina, Daniela Dalla; Genoni, Angelo; Fasano, Mauro; Sessa, Fausto; Tettamanti, Lucia; Carinci, Francesco; Maurino, Vittorio; Rossi, Agostino; Tagliabue, Angelo; Baj, Andreina title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 257732 cord_uid: 3xuy6tbn file: cache/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.json key: cord-257447-lwz5k0r8 authors: Whitehead, Brenda R title: COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults date: 2020-09-04 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa153 sha: doc_id: 257447 cord_uid: lwz5k0r8 file: cache/cord-257746-pqom76hk.json key: cord-257746-pqom76hk authors: Franic, Tomislav; Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina title: Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health – Croatian (in)experience date: 2020-05-21 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.55 sha: doc_id: 257746 cord_uid: pqom76hk file: cache/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.json key: cord-257408-ejhhk1iu authors: Goss, Matthew B.; Galván, N. Thao N.; Ruan, Wenly; Munoz, Flor M.; Brewer, Eileen D.; O’Mahony, Christine A.; Melicoff‐Portillo, Ernestina; Dreyer, William J.; Miloh, Tamir A.; Cigarroa, Francisco G.; Ranch, Daniel; Yoeli, Dor; Adams, Megan A.; Koohmaraie, Sarah; Harter, Diana M.; Rana, Abbas; Cotton, Ronald T.; Carter, Beth; Patel, Shreena; Moreno, Nicolas F.; Leung, Daniel H.; Goss, John A. title: The Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Experience with COVID‐19: An Initial Multi‐Center, Multi‐Organ Case Series date: 2020-09-18 journal: Pediatr Transplant DOI: 10.1111/petr.13868 sha: doc_id: 257408 cord_uid: ejhhk1iu file: cache/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.json key: cord-257566-56h2jmn9 authors: Zamboni, Paolo title: COVID-19 as a Vascular Disease: Lesson Learned from Imaging and Blood Biomarkers date: 2020-06-29 journal: Diagnostics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070440 sha: doc_id: 257566 cord_uid: 56h2jmn9 file: cache/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.json key: cord-257751-n7w1psr4 authors: Halperin, Daniel T. title: Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic date: 2020-06-30 journal: Glob Health Sci Pract DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00189 sha: doc_id: 257751 cord_uid: n7w1psr4 file: cache/cord-257600-0plhquk9.json key: cord-257600-0plhquk9 authors: Calles, Antonio; Aparicio, María Inmaculada; Alva, Manuel; Bringas, Marianela; Gutierrez, Natalia; Soto, Javier; Arregui, Marta; Tirado, Victoria Clara; Álvarez, Enrique Luis; del Monte-Millán, María; Massarrah, Tatiana; Galera, Mar; Álvarez, Rosa; Martín, Miguel title: Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in Madrid date: 2020-09-16 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01777 sha: doc_id: 257600 cord_uid: 0plhquk9 file: cache/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.json key: cord-257603-ov0b8yub authors: Azlan, Arina Anis; Hamzah, Mohammad Rezal; Sern, Tham Jen; Ayub, Suffian Hadi; Mohamad, Emma title: Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia date: 2020-05-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233668 sha: doc_id: 257603 cord_uid: ov0b8yub file: cache/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.json key: cord-257806-jcc7ljcm authors: Yao, Jasper Seth; Dee, Edward Christopher; Milazzo, Carmelo; Jurado, Jerry; Paguio, Joseph Alexander title: Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic date: 2020-06-25 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa136 sha: doc_id: 257806 cord_uid: jcc7ljcm file: cache/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.json key: cord-257814-h7n4nw4w authors: Holm, Are M.; Mehra, Mandeep R.; Courtwright, Andrew; Teuteberg, Jeffrey; Sweet, Stuart; Potena, Luciano; Singer, Lianne G.; Torres, Marta F.; Shullo, Michael A.; Benza, Raymond; Ensminger, Stephan; Aslam, Saima title: Ethical Considerations regarding Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force Statement date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.019 sha: doc_id: 257814 cord_uid: h7n4nw4w file: cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.json key: cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 authors: Wallis, Christopher J.D.; Catto, James W.F.; Finelli, Antonio; Glaser, Adam W.; Gore, John L.; Loeb, Stacy; Morgan, Todd M.; Morgans, Alicia K.; Mottet, Nicolas; Neal, Richard; O’Brien, Tim; Odisho, Anobel Y.; Powles, Thomas; Skolarus, Ted A.; Smith, Angela B.; Szabados, Bernadett; Klaassen, Zachary; Spratt, Daniel E. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date: 2020-09-04 journal: Eur Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.08.030 sha: doc_id: 257717 cord_uid: fbfe5vt4 file: cache/cord-257781-ybpliz32.json key: cord-257781-ybpliz32 authors: Jones, Eben; Gould, Allon; Pillay, Timesh D.; Khorasanee, Reza; Sykes, Richard; Bazo-Alvarez, Juan Carlos; Cox, Charlie; Shurovi, Badrun; Isted, Alexander; Simpson, Thomas; Jennings, Mick; Breeze, Richard; Khaliq, Waqas title: Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumothorax in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-17 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000210 sha: doc_id: 257781 cord_uid: ybpliz32 file: cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.json key: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z authors: Ghisolfi, Selene; Almås, Ingvild; Sandefur, Justin C; von Carnap, Tillman; Heitner, Jesse; Bold, Tessa title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date: 2020-09-09 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 sha: doc_id: 257765 cord_uid: ljt9rn8z file: cache/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.json key: cord-257824-qz6yxuph authors: Fuertes, Víctor; Monclús, Enrique; Agulló, Alberto title: Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report date: 2020-05-19 journal: Eur J Plast Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00238-020-01686-0 sha: doc_id: 257824 cord_uid: qz6yxuph file: cache/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.json key: cord-257889-zcxn5cx0 authors: Aledo‐Serrano, Ángel; Mingorance, Ana; Jiménez‐Huete, Adolfo; Toledano, Rafael; García‐Morales, Irene; Anciones, Carla; Gil‐Nagel, Antonio title: Genetic epilepsies and COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from the caregiver perspective date: 2020-05-18 journal: Epilepsia DOI: 10.1111/epi.16537 sha: doc_id: 257889 cord_uid: zcxn5cx0 file: cache/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.json key: cord-257707-brrrg4fr authors: Jayasighe, Ravindri; Ranasinghe, Sonali; Jayarajah, Umesh; Seneviratne, Sanjeewa title: Quality of online information for the general public on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Patient Educ Couns DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 257707 cord_uid: brrrg4fr file: cache/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.json key: cord-257867-3j6o1nko authors: Romano, Nicola; Fischetti, Aldo; Melani, Enrico title: Pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 257867 cord_uid: 3j6o1nko file: cache/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.json key: cord-257933-qpf1tiod authors: Liu, Chao; You, Jiaxing; Zhu, Weifen; Chen, Yixin; Li, Shengyun; Zhu, Yuefeng; Ji, Shujuan; Wang, Ying; Li, Hongye; Li, Lin; Fan, Shunwu title: The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers date: 2020-09-11 journal: Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1581 sha: doc_id: 257933 cord_uid: qpf1tiod file: cache/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.json key: cord-257939-tgpsd3r7 authors: Haider, Maryam B.; Abbas, Farrukh; Hafeez, Wasif title: A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report date: 2020-07-20 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925794 sha: doc_id: 257939 cord_uid: tgpsd3r7 file: cache/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.json key: cord-257944-a59ph9c5 authors: Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto; de Matos, Marina Justi Rosa; Furtado, Renata Silveira Olimpio de Paula; Brito, Vanessa Mizubuti; Amaral, Lucas Tadashi Wada; Beraldo, Gabriel Laverdi; Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes; Chate, Rodrigo Caruso; Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte; Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva; Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida; Yokoo, Patrícia; Yanata, Elaine; Shoji, Hamilton; Szarf, Gilberto; Funari, Marcelo Buarque de Gusmão title: COVID-19 findings identified in chest computed tomography: a pictorial essay date: 2020-06-18 journal: Einstein DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5741 sha: doc_id: 257944 cord_uid: a59ph9c5 file: cache/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.json key: cord-258012-wzwowl4l authors: Zhaori, Getu title: Smoke evacuation, is it important for prevention of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 journal: Pediatr Investig DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12207 sha: doc_id: 258012 cord_uid: wzwowl4l file: cache/cord-257884-5exwwxin.json key: cord-257884-5exwwxin authors: Kumar, Rajesh; Kumar, Jathinder; Daly, Caroline; Edroos, Sadat Ali title: Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237617 sha: doc_id: 257884 cord_uid: 5exwwxin file: cache/cord-258019-njky7v5x.json key: cord-258019-njky7v5x authors: Kinaret, Pia A.S.; Giudice, Giusy del; Greco, Dario title: Covid-19 acute responses and possible long term consequences: What nanotoxicology can teach us date: 2020-08-10 journal: Nano Today DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100945 sha: doc_id: 258019 cord_uid: njky7v5x file: cache/cord-257789-pdybfft6.json key: cord-257789-pdybfft6 authors: Diamond, Betty; Volpe, Bruce T.; VanPatten, Sonya; Al Abed, Yousef title: SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade date: 2020-11-09 journal: Mol Med DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00231-w sha: doc_id: 257789 cord_uid: pdybfft6 file: cache/cord-258018-29vtxz89.json key: cord-258018-29vtxz89 authors: Cooper, Ian; Mondal, Argha; Antonopoulos, Chris G. title: A SIR model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in different communities date: 2020-06-28 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110057 sha: doc_id: 258018 cord_uid: 29vtxz89 file: cache/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.json key: cord-257839-kfzc4pwq authors: Ferguson, Katie; Quail, Nathaniel; Kewin, Peter; Blyth, Kevin G title: COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis date: 2020-08-03 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237460 sha: doc_id: 257839 cord_uid: kfzc4pwq file: cache/cord-257958-yehnlabq.json key: cord-257958-yehnlabq authors: Barh, Debmalya; Tiwari, Sandeep; Weener, Marianna E.; Azevedo, Vasco; Góes-Neto, Aristóteles; Gromiha, M. Michael; Ghosh, Preetam title: Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104051 sha: doc_id: 257958 cord_uid: yehnlabq file: cache/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.json key: cord-258072-6d5ieakl authors: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh; Bhasin, Ritasha; Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur; Dadlani, Himanshu; Mehta, Viral Vijay; Kaur, Roseleen; Bhasin, Charanpreet Kaur title: Lockdown of 1.3 Billion People In India During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey Of Its Impact On Mental Health date: 2020-06-18 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102213 sha: doc_id: 258072 cord_uid: 6d5ieakl file: cache/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.json key: cord-258078-k7y8k1vx authors: Jang, Sukbin; Rhee, Ji-Young title: Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy date: 2020-05-26 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.072 sha: doc_id: 258078 cord_uid: k7y8k1vx file: cache/cord-258011-19yfwvki.json key: cord-258011-19yfwvki authors: Deprest, Jan; Van Ranst, Marc; Lannoo, Lore; Bredaki, Emma; Ryan, Greg; David, Anna; Richter, Jute; Van Mieghem, Tim title: SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable? date: 2020-04-22 journal: Prenat Diagn DOI: 10.1002/pd.5702 sha: doc_id: 258011 cord_uid: 19yfwvki file: cache/cord-258109-19zqd907.json key: cord-258109-19zqd907 authors: Pasarikovski, Christopher R.; da Costa, Leodante title: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume date: 2020-06-04 journal: The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.116 sha: doc_id: 258109 cord_uid: 19zqd907 file: cache/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.json key: cord-258125-2kkqqgop authors: Wagner, Peter title: Knowing How to Act Well in Time date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7 sha: doc_id: 258125 cord_uid: 2kkqqgop file: cache/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.json key: cord-258122-hkm9agqg authors: Thorlund, Kristian; Dron, Louis; Park, Jay; Hsu, Grace; Forrest, Jamie I; Mills, Edward J title: A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 journal: Lancet Digit Health DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30086-8 sha: doc_id: 258122 cord_uid: hkm9agqg file: cache/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.json key: cord-257766-z7vcdtcq authors: Varadhachary, Atul; Chatterjee, Dev; Garza, Javier; Garr, R. Patrick; Foley, Christopher; Letkeman, Andrea; Dean, John; Haug, David; Breeze, Juliet; Traylor, Robbyn; Malek, Andrew; Nath, Rohan; Linbeck, Leo title: Salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA as an accessible biomarker of mucosal immunity against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.07.20170258 sha: doc_id: 257766 cord_uid: z7vcdtcq file: cache/cord-258137-np62exds.json key: cord-258137-np62exds authors: Sharma, Surbhi; Kundu, Aayushi; Basu, Soumen; Shetti, Nagaraj P.; Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. title: Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental health date: 2020-09-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100038 sha: doc_id: 258137 cord_uid: np62exds file: cache/cord-257870-b52k75m4.json key: cord-257870-b52k75m4 authors: Chen, Qianqian; Kong, Hui; Qi, Xu; Ding, Wenqiu; Ji, Ningfei; Wu, Chaojie; Huang, Chaolin; Wu, Wenjuan; Huang, Mao; Xie, Weiping; Liu, Yun; Tang, Jinhai title: Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A Potential Biomarker to Evaluate the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.579543 sha: doc_id: 257870 cord_uid: b52k75m4 file: cache/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.json key: cord-258084-nkr3lrov authors: Juthani, Prerak; Bhojwani, Rohan; Gupta, Neil title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Manifestation as Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young, Healthy Male date: 2020-07-11 journal: Case Rep Infect Dis DOI: 10.1155/2020/8864985 sha: doc_id: 258084 cord_uid: nkr3lrov file: cache/cord-258133-zsweppku.json key: cord-258133-zsweppku authors: Fischer, M.; Coogan, A.N.; Faltraco, F.; Thome, J. title: COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis – a case report date: 2020-04-17 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113001 sha: doc_id: 258133 cord_uid: zsweppku file: cache/cord-258135-9i024s08.json key: cord-258135-9i024s08 authors: Konala, Venu Madhav; Adapa, Sreedhar; Gayam, Vijay; Naramala, Srikanth; Daggubati, Subba Rao; Kammari, Chetan Brahma; Chenna, Avantika title: Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001656 sha: doc_id: 258135 cord_uid: 9i024s08 file: cache/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.json key: cord-257995-kgmsecg3 authors: Vilallonga, Ramon; Blanco-Colino, Ruth; Armengol Carrasco, Manel title: Reply To The Article “Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.” by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. et al. Published in Obesity Surgery date: 2020-05-13 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04678-y sha: doc_id: 257995 cord_uid: kgmsecg3 file: cache/cord-258150-ezatw341.json key: cord-258150-ezatw341 authors: Vilakati, Phesheya Ndumiso; Villa, Simone; Alagna, Riccardo; Khumalo, Bongani; Tshuma, Sarah; Quaresima, Virginia; Nieman, Nicole Rose; Cirillo, Daniela Maria; Raviglione, Mario Carlo title: The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa date: 2020-08-27 journal: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa073 sha: doc_id: 258150 cord_uid: ezatw341 file: cache/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.json key: cord-257969-2tax8ajw authors: Bhopal, Raj S. title: COVID-19 zugzwang: potential public health moves towards population (herd) immunity date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100031 sha: doc_id: 257969 cord_uid: 2tax8ajw file: cache/cord-258067-par61wwh.json key: cord-258067-par61wwh authors: Di Martino, Marcello; García Septiem, Javier; Maqueda González, Rocío; Muñoz de Nova, Jose Luis; de la Hoz Rodríguez, Ángela; Correa Bonito, Alba; Martín-Pérez, Elena title: Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 258067 cord_uid: par61wwh file: cache/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.json key: cord-258092-a4e59c7z authors: Pfeuffer, Steffen; Pawlowski, Matthias; Joos, Gunther S.; Minnerup, Jens; Meuth, Sven G.; Dziewas, Rainer; Wiendl, Heinz title: Autoimmunity complicating SARS-CoV-2 infection in selective IgA-deficiency date: 2020-08-12 journal: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000881 sha: doc_id: 258092 cord_uid: a4e59c7z file: cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.json key: cord-258029-gyvg7ffa authors: Moolasart, Visal; Wongsawat, Jurai; Phokhom, Priyanut; Thienthong, Varaporn title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date: 2020-10-15 journal: SAGE Open Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20964046 sha: doc_id: 258029 cord_uid: gyvg7ffa file: cache/cord-258118-j26v354r.json key: cord-258118-j26v354r authors: Karuppal, Raju; Surendran, Sibin; Patinharayil, Gopinathan; Muhammed Fazil, V.V.; Marthya, Anwar title: It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review date: 2020-05-16 journal: J Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 258118 cord_uid: j26v354r file: cache/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.json key: cord-258126-8ityzjjh authors: Mamun, Mohammed A.; Ullah, Irfan title: COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date: 2020-05-11 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028 sha: doc_id: 258126 cord_uid: 8ityzjjh file: cache/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.json key: cord-258128-qtmjgrml authors: Mirjalili, Mahtabalsadat; Shafiekhani, Mojtaba; Vazin, Afsaneh title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Transplantation: Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Immunosuppression Regimen date: 2020-07-03 journal: Ther Clin Risk Manag DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s256246 sha: doc_id: 258128 cord_uid: qtmjgrml file: cache/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.json key: cord-258381-h0ddqs53 authors: Chhabra, Saurabh; Abedin, Sameem; Graham, Mary Beth; Marrero, Tirsa M. Ferrer; Hari, Parameswaran N.; Shaw, Bronwen E. title: Diagnostic considerations for COVID-19 in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation date: 2020-06-23 journal: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 258381 cord_uid: h0ddqs53 file: cache/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.json key: cord-258315-yt1ytasw authors: Kato, Hideaki; Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Shibue, Yasushi; Hosoda, Tomohiro; Iwabuchi, Keisuke; Nagamine, Kotaro; Saito, Hiroki; Sawada, Reimin; Oishi, Takayuki; Tsukiji, Jun; Fujita, Hiroyuki; Furuya, Ryosuke; Masuda, Makoto; Akasaka, Osamu; Ikeda, Yu; Sakamoto, Mitsuo; Sakai, Kazuya; Uchiyama, Munehito; Watanabe, Hiroki; Yamaguchi, Nobuhiro; Higa, Ryoko; Sasaki, Akiko; Tanaka, Katsuaki; Toyoda, Yukitoshi; Hamanaka, Shinsuke; Miyazawa, Naoki; Shimizu, Atsuko; Fukase, Fumie; Iwai, Shunsuke; Komase, Yuko; Kawasaki, Tsutomu; Nagata, Isao; Nakayama, Yusuke; Takei, Tetsuhiro; Kimura, Katsuo; Kunisaki, Reiko; Kudo, Makoto; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Nakajima, Hideaki title: Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Infect Chemother DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 258315 cord_uid: yt1ytasw file: cache/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.json key: cord-258221-pn8gh73b authors: Rocha, José Lucas Martins; de Oliveira, Waldir César Ferreira; Noronha, Nádia Cássia; dos Santos, Natalia Cristine Dias; Covas, Dimas Tadeu; Picanço-Castro, Virgínia; Swiech, Kamilla; Malmegrim, Kelen Cristina Ribeiro title: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 journal: Stem Cell Rev Rep DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7 sha: doc_id: 258221 cord_uid: pn8gh73b file: cache/cord-258337-3wua0iij.json key: cord-258337-3wua0iij authors: Gale, Robert Peter title: A Haematologist's Guide to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Encyclopaedia or Doorstop? date: 2020-10-08 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510498 sha: doc_id: 258337 cord_uid: 3wua0iij file: cache/cord-258195-6172d95c.json key: cord-258195-6172d95c authors: Souadka, Amine; Benkabbou, Amine; Majbar, Mohammed Anass; Essangri, Hajar; Amrani, Laila; Mohsine, Raouf; Ghannam, Abdelilah; El Ahmadi, Brahim; Belkhadir, Zakaria title: Oncological Surgery During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: The Need for Deep and Lasting Measures date: 2020-06-23 journal: Oncologist DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0360 sha: doc_id: 258195 cord_uid: 6172d95c file: cache/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.json key: cord-258235-khdyxiwe authors: Chakraborty, Tanujit; Ghosh, Indrajit title: Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-04-30 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109850 sha: doc_id: 258235 cord_uid: khdyxiwe file: cache/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.json key: cord-258230-s4ty52kb authors: Grover, Abhinav; Oberoi, Mansi title: A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers date: 2020-06-15 journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa064 sha: doc_id: 258230 cord_uid: s4ty52kb file: cache/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.json key: cord-258170-kyztc1jp authors: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad; Hossain, M. Shamim; Alhamid, Mohammed F. title: Towards the sustainable development of smart cities through mass video surveillance: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-05 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102582 sha: doc_id: 258170 cord_uid: kyztc1jp file: cache/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.json key: cord-258242-xblxjlb5 authors: Liu, Tengwen; Guo, Yuhong; Zhao, Jingxia; He, Shasha; Bai, Yunjing; Wang, Ning; Lin, Yan; Liu, Qingquan; Xu, Xiaolong title: Systems Pharmacology and Verification of ShenFuHuang Formula in Zebrafish Model Reveal Multi-Scale Treatment Strategy for Septic Syndrome in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584057 sha: doc_id: 258242 cord_uid: xblxjlb5 file: cache/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.json key: cord-258145-usr7b6dk authors: Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Hassan, A. B. title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date: 2020-07-04 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1434-0 sha: doc_id: 258145 cord_uid: usr7b6dk file: cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.json key: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 authors: Wenling, Yao; Junchao, Qiu; Xiao, Zhirong; Ouyang, Shi title: Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-08-31 journal: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062062 sha: doc_id: 258281 cord_uid: gxwk8jq9 file: cache/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.json key: cord-258395-m9ws5rmv authors: Johnson, Joshua K; Lapin, Brittany; Green, Karen; Stilphen, Mary title: Frequency of Physical Therapist Intervention Is Associated With Mobility Status and Disposition at Hospital Discharge for Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa181 sha: doc_id: 258395 cord_uid: m9ws5rmv file: cache/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.json key: cord-258172-p54j4zzo authors: Barker, Harlan; Parkkila, Seppo title: Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240647 sha: doc_id: 258172 cord_uid: p54j4zzo file: cache/cord-258344-55n3wwle.json key: cord-258344-55n3wwle authors: Khalafallah, Adham M.; Jimenez, Adrian E.; Mukherjee, Debraj title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience” date: 2020-08-08 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.033 sha: doc_id: 258344 cord_uid: 55n3wwle file: cache/cord-258278-25rhf91v.json key: cord-258278-25rhf91v authors: Mowla, Ashkan; Sizdahkhani, Saman; Dorche, Maryam Sharifian; Selvan, Prad; Emanuel, Benjamin A.; Tenser, Matthew S.; Amar, Arun P.; Mack, William J. title: Unusual Pattern of Arterial Macrothrombosis Causing Stroke in a Young Adult Recovered from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105353 sha: doc_id: 258278 cord_uid: 25rhf91v file: cache/cord-258304-86gqxajw.json key: cord-258304-86gqxajw authors: Bahl, Prateek; de Silva, Charitha; Bhattacharjee, Shovon; Stone, Haley; Doolan, Con; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; MacIntyre, C Raina title: Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs date: 2020-09-18 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1241 sha: doc_id: 258304 cord_uid: 86gqxajw file: cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.json key: cord-258229-l716wjwn authors: Fiorillo, Andrea; Sampogna, Gaia; Giallonardo, Vincenzo; Del Vecchio, Valeria; Luciano, Mario; Albert, Umberto; Carmassi, Claudia; Carrà, Giuseppe; Cirulli, Francesca; Dell’Osso, Bernardo; Nanni, Maria Giulia; Pompili, Maurizio; Sani, Gabriele; Tortorella, Alfonso; Volpe, Umberto title: Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date: 2020-09-28 journal: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 sha: doc_id: 258229 cord_uid: l716wjwn file: cache/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.json key: cord-258416-1jrbu8ox authors: Drenovska, Kossara; Schmidt, Enno; Vassileva, Snejina title: Covid‐19 pandemic and the skin date: 2020-09-21 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15189 sha: doc_id: 258416 cord_uid: 1jrbu8ox file: cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.json key: cord-258410-ggrrbq5u authors: Ganguly, Shuvadeep; Bakhshi, Sameer title: Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03499-2 sha: doc_id: 258410 cord_uid: ggrrbq5u file: cache/cord-258399-difauneh.json key: cord-258399-difauneh authors: Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Mirmahaleh, Seyedeh Yasaman Hosseini title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review date: 2020-10-22 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102568 sha: doc_id: 258399 cord_uid: difauneh file: cache/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.json key: cord-258581-46p0k9lc authors: Bodak, Nathalie; Chiaverini, Christine; Barbarot, Sebastien title: COVID‐19 Lockdown induced acral dermatosis in children date: 2020-06-28 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16797 sha: doc_id: 258581 cord_uid: 46p0k9lc file: cache/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.json key: cord-258548-1u7v1nlr authors: Mansueto, Gelsomina; Niola, Massimo; Napoli, Claudio title: Can COVID 2019 disease induces a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases? date: 2020-06-26 journal: Pathol Res Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153086 sha: doc_id: 258548 cord_uid: 1u7v1nlr file: cache/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.json key: cord-258484-jwgtjisx authors: Mehrabi, Sara; Fontana, Silvia; Mambrin, Francesca; Nguyen, Hoang Quyen; Righi, Elda; Tacconelli, Evelina; Mansueto, Giancarlo title: Pitfalls of Computed Tomography in the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Era: A New Perspective on Ground-Glass Opacities date: 2020-05-16 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8151 sha: doc_id: 258484 cord_uid: jwgtjisx file: cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.json key: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w authors: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 258498 cord_uid: 0mvxwo3w file: cache/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.json key: cord-258583-5qdthy0j authors: Yan, He; Lu, Shanshan; Chen, Liangpei; Wang, Yufang; Liu, Qiaomei; Li, Dongsheng; Yan, Xisheng; Yan, Jie title: Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26534 sha: doc_id: 258583 cord_uid: 5qdthy0j file: cache/cord-258402-9s57thvn.json key: cord-258402-9s57thvn authors: Dabas, Vineet; Bhatia, Nishant; Goel, Akash; Yadav, Vedpal; Bajaj, Vineet; Kumar, Vinod title: Management of Orthopaedic Accidental Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in Preparing to Live with Corona date: 2020-09-10 journal: Indian J Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00252-x sha: doc_id: 258402 cord_uid: 9s57thvn file: cache/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.json key: cord-258505-4ec9n4d0 authors: Titov, Nickolai; Staples, Lauren; Kayrouz, Rony; Cross, Shane; Karin, Eyal; Ryan, Katie; Dear, Blake; Nielssen, Olav title: Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Internet Interv DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100327 sha: doc_id: 258505 cord_uid: 4ec9n4d0 file: cache/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.json key: cord-258662-6y45gb0t authors: Butt, Nausharwan; Arshid, Awais; Ahmad, Sarah Aftab; Khalid, Nauman; Kayani, Waleed Tallat title: Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.032 sha: doc_id: 258662 cord_uid: 6y45gb0t file: cache/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.json key: cord-258676-6kgxpcwc authors: Haleem, Abid; Javaid, Mohd; Vaishya, Raju; Deshmukh, S.G. title: Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022 sha: doc_id: 258676 cord_uid: 6kgxpcwc file: cache/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.json key: cord-258670-dphg8ukj authors: Karaahmet, Fatih; Altan Kocaman, Sinan title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109973 sha: doc_id: 258670 cord_uid: dphg8ukj file: cache/cord-258577-uo55dj39.json key: cord-258577-uo55dj39 authors: Crockett, Jennifer L.; Becraft, Jessica L.; Phillips, Sharon T.; Wakeman, Marguerite; Cataldo, Michael F. title: Rapid Conversion from Clinic to Telehealth Behavioral Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 journal: Behav Anal Pract DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00499-8 sha: doc_id: 258577 cord_uid: uo55dj39 file: cache/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.json key: cord-258669-ubw6mdzi authors: Colebunders, Robert; Siewe Fodjo, Joseph Nelson; Vanham, Guido; Van den Bergh, Rafael title: A call for strengthened evidence on targeted, non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 for the protection of vulnerable individuals in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.060 sha: doc_id: 258669 cord_uid: ubw6mdzi file: cache/cord-258579-68suyath.json key: cord-258579-68suyath authors: Villar, Sergio Ciria; Sahún, Jose Luis Día title: Sintomatología psicótica en relación con cuarentena por COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 journal: Rev Colomb Psiquiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.10.009 sha: doc_id: 258579 cord_uid: 68suyath file: cache/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.json key: cord-258602-dnzqiq8k authors: Cortegiani, A.; Ippolito, M.; Greco, M.; Granone, V.; Protti, A.; Gregoretti, C.; Giarratano, A.; Einav, S.; Cecconi, M. title: Rationale and Evidence on the use of Tocilizumab in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-20 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 258602 cord_uid: dnzqiq8k file: cache/cord-258562-raubqnko.json key: cord-258562-raubqnko authors: Murlimanju, Bukkambudhi V.; Shrivastava, Adesh; Moscote-Salazar, Luis Rafael; Rahman, Md Moshiur; Agrawal, Amit title: Letter to Editor Regarding: “Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt” date: 2020-09-23 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.019 sha: doc_id: 258562 cord_uid: raubqnko file: cache/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.json key: cord-258760-65dw8d5h authors: Barr, Justin; Hwang, E. Shelley; Shortell, Cynthia K. title: Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward date: 2020-05-05 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.042 sha: doc_id: 258760 cord_uid: 65dw8d5h file: cache/cord-258535-2m369sm5.json key: cord-258535-2m369sm5 authors: Radbel, Jared; Narayanan, Navaneeth; Bhatt, Pinki J. title: Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report date: 2020-04-25 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.024 sha: doc_id: 258535 cord_uid: 2m369sm5 file: cache/cord-258576-ywbyflas.json key: cord-258576-ywbyflas authors: Bösmüller, Hans; Traxler, Selina; Bitzer, Michael; Häberle, Helene; Raiser, Wolfgang; Nann, Dominik; Frauenfeld, Leonie; Vogelsberg, Antonio; Klingel, Karin; Fend, Falko title: The evolution of pulmonary pathology in fatal COVID-19 disease: an autopsy study with clinical correlation date: 2020-06-30 journal: Virchows Arch DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02881-x sha: doc_id: 258576 cord_uid: ywbyflas file: cache/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.json key: cord-258708-da6x5rxa authors: Hafiane, Anouar title: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system date: 2020-07-16 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.019 sha: doc_id: 258708 cord_uid: da6x5rxa file: cache/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.json key: cord-258675-nh1zu0yu authors: Quesada, J. A.; López-Pineda, A.; Gil-Guillén, V. F.; Arriero-Marín, J. M.; Gutiérrez, F.; Carratala-Munuera, C. title: Período de incubación de la COVID-19: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis date: 2020-10-01 journal: Rev Clin Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 258675 cord_uid: nh1zu0yu file: cache/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.json key: cord-258855-2i51eyfq authors: Korman, Tony M title: Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients date: 2020-07-20 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa154 sha: doc_id: 258855 cord_uid: 2i51eyfq file: cache/cord-258865-sxz39swi.json key: cord-258865-sxz39swi authors: Rabbani, H.; Osei-Bonsu, K.; Osei-Bonsu, P. K.; Seers, T. D. title: Modelling COVID-19 using the Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics date: 2020-06-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.24.20139071 sha: doc_id: 258865 cord_uid: sxz39swi file: cache/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.json key: cord-258500-zuuwqw9t authors: Desroches, Melissa L.; Ailey, Sarah; Fisher, Kathleen; Stych, Judith title: Impact of COVID-19: Nursing challenges to meeting the care needs of people with developmental disabilities date: 2020-11-04 journal: Disabil Health J DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101015 sha: doc_id: 258500 cord_uid: zuuwqw9t file: cache/cord-258624-041cf99j.json key: cord-258624-041cf99j authors: Ahmad, Sajjad; Navid, Afifa; Farid, Rabia; Abbas, Ghulam; Ahmad, Faisal; Zaman, Naila; Parvaiz, Nousheen; Azam, Syed Sikander title: Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics date: 2020-05-23 journal: Eur J Pharm Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105387 sha: doc_id: 258624 cord_uid: 041cf99j file: cache/cord-258757-vwfey8of.json key: cord-258757-vwfey8of authors: Torres‐Navarro, I.; Abril‐Pérez, C.; Roca‐Ginés, J.; Sánchez‐Arráez, J.; Botella‐Estrada, R.; Évole‐Buselli, M. title: Comment on ‘Two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East’: pernio unrelated to COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-24 journal: Clin Exp Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ced.14255 sha: doc_id: 258757 cord_uid: vwfey8of file: cache/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.json key: cord-258701-jyzxu9nk authors: Kaushal, Darwin; Nair, Nithin Prakasan; Soni, Kapil; Goyal, Amit; Choudhury, Bikram; Rajan, Nikhil title: Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngology During Corona Outbreak: A Proposal for Safe Practice date: 2020-08-13 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02048-9 sha: doc_id: 258701 cord_uid: jyzxu9nk file: cache/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.json key: cord-258841-n55qp6ov authors: Baena-Díez, Jose Miguel; Barroso, María; Cordeiro-Coelho, Sara Isabel; Díaz, Jorge L; Grau, María title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa136 sha: doc_id: 258841 cord_uid: n55qp6ov file: cache/cord-258879-dueab356.json key: cord-258879-dueab356 authors: Imran, Nazish; Masood, Hafiz Muhammad Umar; Ayub, Maryam; Gondal, Khalid Masood title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-25 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138364 sha: doc_id: 258879 cord_uid: dueab356 file: cache/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.json key: cord-258846-v6aaflzc authors: Shruti, V.C.; Pérez-Guevara, Fermín; Elizalde-Martínez, I.; Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy title: Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis date: 2020-10-20 journal: Mar Pollut Bull DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111777 sha: doc_id: 258846 cord_uid: v6aaflzc file: cache/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.json key: cord-258859-iaiosjlu authors: Wang, Jiao; Pan, Lijun; Tang, Song; Ji, John S.; Shi, Xiaoming title: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date: 2020-06-25 journal: Environ Pollut DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115099 sha: doc_id: 258859 cord_uid: iaiosjlu file: cache/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.json key: cord-258844-b4d79m1f authors: Denning, M.; Goh, E. T.; Tan, B.; Kanneganti, A.; Almonte, M.; Scott, A.; Martin, G.; Clarke, J.; Sounderajah, V.; Markar, S.; Przybylowicz, J.; Chan, Y. H.; Sia, C.-H.; Chua, Y. X.; Sim, K.; Lim, L.; Tan, L.; Tan, M.; Sharma, V.; Ooi, S.; Winter Beatty, J.; Flott, K.; Mason, S.; Chidambaram, S.; Yalamanchili, S.; Zbikowska, G.; Fedorowski, J.; Dykowska, G.; Wells, M.; Purkayastha, S.; Kinross, J. title: DETERMINANTS OF BURNOUT AND OTHER ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY date: 2020-07-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155622 sha: doc_id: 258844 cord_uid: b4d79m1f file: cache/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.json key: cord-258698-ggzvhamk authors: Hong, Daqing; Long, Lin; Wang, Amanda Y; Lei, Yu; Tang, Yun; Zhao, Jia Wei; Song, Xiaofei; He, Yanan; Wen, Ergang; Zheng, Ling; Li, Guisen; Wang, Li title: Kidney manifestations of mild, moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-09 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa083 sha: doc_id: 258698 cord_uid: ggzvhamk file: cache/cord-258895-bfosmipc.json key: cord-258895-bfosmipc authors: Jalaber, Carole; Revel, Marie-Pierre; Chassagnon, Guillaume; Bajeux, Emma; Lapotre, Thibaut; Croisille, Pierre; Lederlin, Mathieu title: Role of upfront CT pulmonary angiography at admission in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.037 sha: doc_id: 258895 cord_uid: bfosmipc file: cache/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.json key: cord-258877-6hy37qxa authors: Dolgikh, S. title: Covid-19 vs BCG Universal Immunization: Statistical Significance at Six Months of Exposure date: 2020-09-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.06.20189423 sha: doc_id: 258877 cord_uid: 6hy37qxa file: cache/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.json key: cord-258722-1o6zhnnj authors: Gbinigie, Kome; Frie, Kerstin title: Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review date: 2020-05-13 journal: BJGP open DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101094 sha: doc_id: 258722 cord_uid: 1o6zhnnj file: cache/cord-258725-z79gel8h.json key: cord-258725-z79gel8h authors: Wood, R.; Thomson, E. C.; Galbraith, R.; Gribben, C.; Caldwell, D.; Bishop, J.; Reid, M.; Shah, A.; Templeton, K.; Goldberg, D.; Robertson, C.; Hutchinson, S.; Colhoun, H. M.; McKeigue, P. M.; McAllister, D. title: Sharing a household with children and risk of COVID-19: a study of over 300,000 adults living in healthcare worker households in Scotland date: 2020-09-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20196428 sha: doc_id: 258725 cord_uid: z79gel8h file: cache/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.json key: cord-258832-0kyf7ikr authors: Bullis, Sean S.M.; Crothers, Jessica W.; Wayne, Shawn; Hale, Andrew J. title: A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing date: 2020-05-05 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00791 sha: doc_id: 258832 cord_uid: 0kyf7ikr file: cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.json key: cord-258818-ys3ezzzz authors: Galea, Sandro; Keyes, Katherine title: Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date: 2020-07-15 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa142 sha: doc_id: 258818 cord_uid: ys3ezzzz file: cache/cord-258888-amimzjee.json key: cord-258888-amimzjee authors: Ananth, Lakshmi; Hosamani, Pradeep title: Management of ENT Surgical Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown: Our Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital date: 2020-07-23 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01987-7 sha: doc_id: 258888 cord_uid: amimzjee file: cache/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.json key: cord-258817-9xzjlegx authors: Zhang, Stephen X.; Liu, Jing; Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar; Nawaser, Khaled; Yousefi, Ali; Li, Jizhen; Sun, Shuhua title: At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 258817 cord_uid: 9xzjlegx file: cache/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.json key: cord-258916-jbdz1pk0 authors: Andreae, MH; Dudak, A; Cherian, V; Dhar, P; Dalal, PG; Po, W; Pilipovic, M; Shah, B; Hazard, W; Rodgers, DL; Sinz, EH title: Data and Debriefing Observations on Healthcare Simulation to Prepare for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Simulation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Data Brief DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106028 sha: doc_id: 258916 cord_uid: jbdz1pk0 file: cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.json key: cord-258965-g47n531n authors: Ekpenyong, Bernadine; Obinwanne, Chukwuemeka J.; Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Godwin; Ahaiwe, Kelechukwu; Lewis, Okonokhua O.; Echendu, Damian C.; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu L. title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145141 sha: doc_id: 258965 cord_uid: g47n531n file: cache/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.json key: cord-258873-l9oxmqdp authors: Baker, D.; Roberts, C. A. K.; Pryce, G.; Kang, A. S.; Marta, M.; Reyes, S.; Schmierer, K.; Giovannoni, G.; Amor, S. title: COVID‐19 vaccine‐readiness for anti‐CD20‐depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases date: 2020-08-01 journal: Clin Exp Immunol DOI: 10.1111/cei.13495 sha: doc_id: 258873 cord_uid: l9oxmqdp file: cache/cord-258976-w2up63o9.json key: cord-258976-w2up63o9 authors: Steinberg, Eric; Wright, Ellsworth; Kushner, Beth title: In Young Adults with COVID-19, Obesity Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes date: 2020-06-15 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47972 sha: doc_id: 258976 cord_uid: w2up63o9 file: cache/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.json key: cord-258991-mrs5j2ep authors: Huang, Yeen; Zhao, Ning title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-04-12 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 sha: doc_id: 258991 cord_uid: mrs5j2ep file: cache/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.json key: cord-258885-ev2pvr3s authors: Werth, Annette; Gravino, Pietro; Prevedello, Giulio title: Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe date: 2020-10-22 journal: Appl Energy DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116045 sha: doc_id: 258885 cord_uid: ev2pvr3s file: cache/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.json key: cord-259077-ls4h8ht5 authors: Dehghani, Payam; Davidson, Laura J.; Grines, Cindy L.; Nayak, Keshav; Saw, Jackie; Kaul, Prashant; Bagai, Akshay; Garberich, Ross; Schmidt, Christian; Ly MD SM, Hung Q.; Giri, Jay; Meraj, Perwaiz; Shah, Binita; Garcia, Santiago; Sharkey, Scott; Wood, David A.; Welt, Frederick G.; Mahmud, Ehtisham M.; Henry, Timothy D. title: North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications() date: 2020-05-16 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 259077 cord_uid: ls4h8ht5 file: cache/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.json key: cord-258767-f6wrgn6z authors: El-Khatib, Ziad; Otu, Akaninyene; Neogi, Ujjwal; Yaya, Sanni title: The Association between Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and COVID-19 Mortality Globally date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200725.001 sha: doc_id: 258767 cord_uid: f6wrgn6z file: cache/cord-259073-dixskemz.json key: cord-259073-dixskemz authors: Ward, Christine F.; Figiel, Gary S.; McDonald, William M. title: Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly date: 2020-05-15 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 259073 cord_uid: dixskemz file: cache/cord-258891-iogn24iu.json key: cord-258891-iogn24iu authors: Cabona, Corrado; Deleo, Francesco; Marinelli, Lucio; Audenino, Daniela; Arnaldi, Dario; Rossi, Francesca; Di Giacomo, Roberta; Buffoni, Claudia; Rosa, Giuseppa Jolanda; Didato, Giuseppe; Arboscello, Eleonora; de Curtis, Marco; Villani, Flavio title: Epilepsy course during COVID-19 pandemic in three Italian epilepsy centers date: 2020-08-25 journal: Epilepsy Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107375 sha: doc_id: 258891 cord_uid: iogn24iu file: cache/cord-259106-nrg1960d.json key: cord-259106-nrg1960d authors: Vasquez-Chavesta, Angie Z.; Morán-Mariños, Cristian; Rodrigo-Gallardo, Paola K.; Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J. title: COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge date: 2020-06-26 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101808 sha: doc_id: 259106 cord_uid: nrg1960d file: cache/cord-259129-4dio8us0.json key: cord-259129-4dio8us0 authors: Zhang, S. X.; Chen, J.; Afshar Jahanshahi, A.; Alvarez-Risco, A.; Dai, H.; Li, J.; Patty-Tito, R. title: Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110809 sha: doc_id: 259129 cord_uid: 4dio8us0 file: cache/cord-259140-5ik10en4.json key: cord-259140-5ik10en4 authors: Bianchetti, Angelo; Rozzini, R.; Guerini, F.; Boffelli, S.; Ranieri, P.; Minelli, G.; Bianchetti, L.; Trabucchi, M. title: Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1389-1 sha: doc_id: 259140 cord_uid: 5ik10en4 file: cache/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.json key: cord-259223-6b07qiw2 authors: Feitosa, Eduardo L; Júnior, Francisco Tiago Dos S S; Nery Neto, José Arimatéa De O; Matos, Luis F L; Moura, Matheus H De S; Rosales, Thiele Osvaldt; De Freitas, Guilherme Barroso L title: COVID-19: Rational discovery of the therapeutic potential of Melatonin as a SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Inhibitor date: 2020-07-30 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48053 sha: doc_id: 259223 cord_uid: 6b07qiw2 file: cache/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.json key: cord-259087-hckz3yk0 authors: Diago-Sempere, E.; Bueno, J. L.; Sancho-Lopez, A.; Munez-Rubio, E.; Torres, F.; Malo de Molina, R.; Fernandez-Cruz, A.; Salcedo De Diego, I.; Velasco-Iglesias, A.; Payares Herrera, C.; Casas Flecha, I.; Avendano-Sola, C.; Palomino, R. D.; Ramos-Martinez, A.; Ruiz-Antoran, B. title: Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial date: 2020-08-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.31.20165720 sha: doc_id: 259087 cord_uid: hckz3yk0 file: cache/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.json key: cord-259178-2opfkm7l authors: Gao, Ya; Yang, Kelu; Liu, Ming; Chen, Yamin; Shi, Shuzhen; Yang, Fengwen; Tian, Jinhui title: Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-09-02 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.554247 sha: doc_id: 259178 cord_uid: 2opfkm7l file: cache/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.json key: cord-258905-0hgdtalg authors: Bond, Katherine; Nicholson, Suellen; Lim, Seok Ming; Karapanagiotidis, Theo; Williams, Eloise; Johnson, Douglas; Hoang, Tuyet; Sia, Cheryll; Purcell, Damian; Mordant, Francesca; Lewin, Sharon R; Catton, Mike; Subbarao, Kanta; Howden, Benjamin P; Williamson, Deborah A title: Evaluation of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Serology Testing in a Low-Prevalence Setting date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa467 sha: doc_id: 258905 cord_uid: 0hgdtalg file: cache/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.json key: cord-259052-m2mg4lf4 authors: Zhang, Lina; Xiong, Lize; Meng, Lingzhong title: In Reply date: 2020-05-11 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003375 sha: doc_id: 259052 cord_uid: m2mg4lf4 file: cache/cord-259244-svoakvic.json key: cord-259244-svoakvic authors: Soler, Zachary M.; Patel, Zara M.; Turner, Justin H.; Holbrook, Eric H. title: A primer on viral‐associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-09 journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol DOI: 10.1002/alr.22578 sha: doc_id: 259244 cord_uid: svoakvic file: cache/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.json key: cord-259014-kl31nvdm authors: Binyamin, Y.; Weiniger, CF.; Heesen, P.; Orbach-Zinger, S.; Eidelman, L.; Ginosar, Y.; A.Ioscovich title: Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 journal: Int J Obstet Anesth DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 259014 cord_uid: kl31nvdm file: cache/cord-259033-op94wuy4.json key: cord-259033-op94wuy4 authors: Wendling, Daniel; Verhoeven, Frank; Chouk, Mickael; Prati, Clément title: Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? date: 2020-10-27 journal: Joint Bone Spine DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105086 sha: doc_id: 259033 cord_uid: op94wuy4 file: cache/cord-259311-ccx61owl.json key: cord-259311-ccx61owl authors: Kapitula, D. S.; Jiang, Z.; Jiang, J.; Zhu, J.; Chen, X.; Lin, C. Q. title: Performance & Quality Evaluation of Marketed COVID-19 RNA Detection Kits date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20080002 sha: doc_id: 259311 cord_uid: ccx61owl file: cache/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.json key: cord-259257-yw3k8kr4 authors: Logar, Silvia title: Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study date: 2020-04-29 journal: Arch Gerontol Geriatr DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104087 sha: doc_id: 259257 cord_uid: yw3k8kr4 file: cache/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.json key: cord-259281-4w1tyqw9 authors: Shah, Vishank Arun; Nalleballe, Krishna; Zaghlouleh, Ezzat; Onteddu, Sanjeeva title: Acute Encephalopathy Is Associated With Worse Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-01 journal: Brain Behav Immun Health DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100136 sha: doc_id: 259281 cord_uid: 4w1tyqw9 file: cache/cord-259327-6hessuhh.json key: cord-259327-6hessuhh authors: Agius, Raymond title: Disease and death from work: RIDDOR and covid-19 date: 2020-09-14 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa155 sha: doc_id: 259327 cord_uid: 6hessuhh file: cache/cord-259181-g47n97tc.json key: cord-259181-g47n97tc authors: Khan, Zahid Hussain; Samadi, Shahram; Makarem, Jalil; Mireskandari, Seyed Mohamad title: Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Iran J Microbiol DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 259181 cord_uid: g47n97tc file: cache/cord-259267-trpo5w11.json key: cord-259267-trpo5w11 authors: Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana; Stevanovic, Vladimir; Tabain, Irena; Betica-Radic, Ljiljana; Sabadi, Dario; Peric, Ljiljana; Bogdanic, Maja; Vilibic, Maja; Kolaric, Branko; Kudumija, Boris; Petrovic, Goranka; Mrzljak, Anna; Karabuva, Svjetlana; Hrstic, Irena; Capak, Krunoslav; Kucinar, Jasmina; Savic, Vladimir; Barbic, Ljubo title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence among personnel in the healthcare facilities of Croatia, 2020 date: 2020-08-26 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0458-2020 sha: doc_id: 259267 cord_uid: trpo5w11 file: cache/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.json key: cord-259329-8pta6o6a authors: Haimovich, Adrian; Ravindra, Neal G.; Stoytchev, Stoytcho; Young, H. Patrick; PerryWilson, Francis; van Dijk, David; Schulz, Wade L.; Taylor, R. Andrew title: Development and validation of the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI): a prognostic tool for early clinical decompensation date: 2020-07-21 journal: Ann Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.022 sha: doc_id: 259329 cord_uid: 8pta6o6a file: cache/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.json key: cord-259271-4zj60pu8 authors: Moutray, Chad title: In recovery mode: manufacturers try to bounce back after COVID-19 disruptions date: 2020-10-20 journal: Bus Econ DOI: 10.1057/s11369-020-00185-1 sha: doc_id: 259271 cord_uid: 4zj60pu8 file: cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.json key: cord-259426-qbolo3k3 authors: Tadesse, Trhas; Alemu, Tadesse; Amogne, Getasew; Endazenaw, Getabalew; Mamo, Ephrem title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s275933 sha: doc_id: 259426 cord_uid: qbolo3k3 file: cache/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.json key: cord-259338-q3kw6n9o authors: Jean, Sim Xiang Ying; Conceicao, Edwin Philip; Wee, Liang En; Aung, May Kyawt; Wei, Sylvia Seow Yi; Yang, Raymond Teo Chee; Qing, Goh Jia; Ting, Dennis Yeo Wu; Jyhhan, Kuo Benjamin; Lim, John Wah; Gan, Wee Hoe; Ling, Moi Lin; Venkatachalam, Indumathi title: Utilizing the Electronic Health Records to Create a Syndromic Staff Surveillance System During the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-11-04 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.003 sha: doc_id: 259338 cord_uid: q3kw6n9o file: cache/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.json key: cord-259269-hjmmn8xm authors: Nattel, Stanley; Graham, Michelle; Krahn, Andrew title: A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients date: 2020-04-25 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.029 sha: doc_id: 259269 cord_uid: hjmmn8xm file: cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.json key: cord-259562-e1htl489 authors: Petzold, Moritz Bruno; Bendau, Antonia; Plag, Jens; Pyrkosch, Lena; Mascarell Maricic, Lea; Betzler, Felix; Rogoll, Janina; Große, Julia; Ströhle, Andreas title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 journal: Brain Behav DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1745 sha: doc_id: 259562 cord_uid: e1htl489 file: cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.json key: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut authors: Samidurai, Arun; Das, Anindita title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186790 sha: doc_id: 259229 cord_uid: e8m8m4ut file: cache/cord-259481-og7n82fl.json key: cord-259481-og7n82fl authors: Zhang, Hai-tao; Zhang, Jin-song; Zhang, Hai-hua; Nan, Yan-dong; Zhao, Ying; Fu, En-qing; Xie, Yong-hong; Liu, Wei; Li, Wang-ping; Zhang, Hong-jun; Jiang, Hua; Li, Chun-mei; Li, Yan-yan; Ma, Rui-na; Dang, Shao-kang; Gao, Bo-bo; Zhang, Xi-jing; Zhang, Tao title: Automated detection and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia: CT imaging analysis by a deep learning-based software date: 2020-07-14 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04953-1 sha: doc_id: 259481 cord_uid: og7n82fl file: cache/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.json key: cord-259331-hi6gyp52 authors: Malhotra, Ajay; Wu, Xiao; Fleishon, Howard B.; Duszak, Richard; Silva, Ezequiel; McGinty, Geraldine; Bender, Claire; Williams, Beth; Pashley, Neale; Stengel, Casey J.B.; Naidich, Jason J.; Hughes, Danny; Sanelli, Pina C. title: COVID-19 Initial Impact on Radiology Practices: Survey from ACR/RBMA date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 259331 cord_uid: hi6gyp52 file: cache/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.json key: cord-259540-e7xt6pck authors: Wang, Guan; Chen, Wenhu; Jin, Xian; Chen, Yi‐Peng title: Description of COVID‐19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-05-22 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25906 sha: doc_id: 259540 cord_uid: e7xt6pck file: cache/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.json key: cord-259250-ybfyiykz authors: Korem, Sindhuja; Gandhi, Haresh; Dayag, Decerie Baculi title: Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-09-21 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237215 sha: doc_id: 259250 cord_uid: ybfyiykz file: cache/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.json key: cord-259619-sco0d5cc authors: Ludvigsson, Johnny; von Herrath, Matthias G.; Mallone, Roberto; Buschard, Karsten; Cilio, Corrado; Craig, Maria; Ilonen, Jorma; Leslie, David; McGeoch, Julie E. M.; Schneider, Darius; Skyler, Jay S.; Flodström Tullberg, Malin; Hober, Didier title: Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562901 sha: doc_id: 259619 cord_uid: sco0d5cc file: cache/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.json key: cord-259288-eahhf7yh authors: Lee, Elaine Y P; Ng, Ming-Yen; Khong, Pek-Lan title: COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us? date: 2020-04-30 journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30134-1 sha: doc_id: 259288 cord_uid: eahhf7yh file: cache/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.json key: cord-259358-p6ov2r6g authors: Horii, Toshihiro; Fujioka, Tomoyuki; Takahashi, Marie; Mori, Mio; Tsuchiya, Junichi; Yamaga, Emi; Yamada, Hirofumi; Kimura, Mizuki; Kishino, Mitsuhiro; Tateishi, Ukihide title: Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review date: 2020-09-23 journal: Radiol Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.09.036 sha: doc_id: 259358 cord_uid: p6ov2r6g file: cache/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.json key: cord-259618-kl0aq0ut authors: De Leo, Diego; Trabucchi, Marco title: The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches date: 2020-04-20 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000630 sha: doc_id: 259618 cord_uid: kl0aq0ut file: cache/cord-259523-92hz534s.json key: cord-259523-92hz534s authors: Pullen, Lara C. title: COVID‐19: transplant works toward adaptation date: 2020-09-29 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16298 sha: doc_id: 259523 cord_uid: 92hz534s file: cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.json key: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 authors: Rogerson, Stephen J.; Beeson, James G.; Laman, Moses; Poespoprodjo, Jeanne Rini; William, Timothy; Simpson, Julie A.; Price, Ric N. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x sha: doc_id: 259673 cord_uid: z7kvf8n8 file: cache/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.json key: cord-259699-48jg7ci7 authors: González-Calatayud, Dra Mariel; Vargas-Ábrego, Dr Benito; Gutiérrez-Uvalle, Dra Gabriela; López-Romero, Dra Sandra C.; Gabriel González-Pérez, Dr Luis; Alberto Carranco Martínez, Dr José; Raful Zacarías Ezzat, Dr Jed; Gracida Mancilla, Dr Noé I. title: Observational study of the suspected or confirmed cases of sars COV-2 infection needing emergency surgical intervention during the first months of the pandemic in a third level hospital: Case series date: 2020-10-24 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.038 sha: doc_id: 259699 cord_uid: 48jg7ci7 file: cache/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.json key: cord-259306-3ldoo5ly authors: Gillespie, Megan; Dincher, Nathan; Fazio, Pamela; Okorji, Onyinyechukwu; Finkle, Jacob; Can, Argun title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Complicated by Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax date: 2020-09-23 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101232 sha: doc_id: 259306 cord_uid: 3ldoo5ly file: cache/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.json key: cord-259605-6qa17pfb authors: Coleman, Julia R.; Burlew, Clay Cothren; Platnick, Kenneth B.; Campion, Eric; Pieracci, Fredric; Lawless, Ryan; Werner, Nicole; Coleman, Jamie; Hoehn, Melanie; Moore, Ernest E.; Cohen, Mitchell J. title: Maintaining Trauma Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urban, Level-1 Trauma Center's Experience date: 2020-05-01 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004001 sha: doc_id: 259605 cord_uid: 6qa17pfb file: cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.json key: cord-259793-pue0mv99 authors: Shamshiripour, Ali; Rahimi, Ehsan; Shabanpour, Ramin; Mohammadian, Abolfazl title: How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date: 2020-09-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216 sha: doc_id: 259793 cord_uid: pue0mv99 file: cache/cord-259448-deya8dwn.json key: cord-259448-deya8dwn authors: Li, Caixia; Hu, Xiao; Li, Leilei; Li, Jin‐hui title: Differential microRNA expression in the peripheral blood from human patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-22 journal: J Clin Lab Anal DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23590 sha: doc_id: 259448 cord_uid: deya8dwn file: cache/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.json key: cord-259566-qtlq7a6l authors: Guraya, Salman Yousuf title: Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.06.027 sha: doc_id: 259566 cord_uid: qtlq7a6l file: cache/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.json key: cord-259611-q7ksx47g authors: Mulanda Aura, Christopher; Nyamweya, Chrisphine S.; Odoli, Cyprian O.; Owiti, Horace; Njiru, James M.; Otuo, Patrick W.; Waithaka, Edna; Malala, John title: Consequences of calamities and their management: the case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Great Lakes Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 259611 cord_uid: q7ksx47g file: cache/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.json key: cord-259660-x9sobzyw authors: Mohakud, Nirmal K; Yerru, Hari; Rajguru, Monalisha; Naik, Sushree S title: An Assumed Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature date: 2020-09-26 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10659 sha: doc_id: 259660 cord_uid: x9sobzyw file: cache/cord-259691-3bo4md44.json key: cord-259691-3bo4md44 authors: Zhao, Ming title: Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies date: 2020-04-16 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105982 sha: doc_id: 259691 cord_uid: 3bo4md44 file: cache/cord-259905-msefg1ww.json key: cord-259905-msefg1ww authors: DA SILVA, MICHAEL title: COVID-19 and Health-Related Authority Allocation Puzzles date: 2020-06-08 journal: Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees DOI: 10.1017/s0963180120000468 sha: doc_id: 259905 cord_uid: msefg1ww file: cache/cord-259808-82drb14x.json key: cord-259808-82drb14x authors: Andrews, Paul L R; Cai, Weigang; Rudd, John A; Sanger, Gareth J title: COVID‐19, nausea, and vomiting date: 2020-10-05 journal: J Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15261 sha: doc_id: 259808 cord_uid: 82drb14x file: cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.json key: cord-259952-58q4ma92 authors: Ganson, Kyle T.; Weiser, Sheri D.; Tsai, Alexander C.; Nagata, Jason M. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 sha: doc_id: 259952 cord_uid: 58q4ma92 file: cache/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.json key: cord-259747-sl9q63oc authors: Remmelink, Myriam; De Mendonça, Ricardo; D’Haene, Nicky; De Clercq, Sarah; Verocq, Camille; Lebrun, Laetitia; Lavis, Philomène; Racu, Marie-Lucie; Trépant, Anne-Laure; Maris, Calliope; Rorive, Sandrine; Goffard, Jean-Christophe; De Witte, Olivier; Peluso, Lorenzo; Vincent, Jean-Louis; Decaestecker, Christine; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Salmon, Isabelle title: Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-12 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03218-5 sha: doc_id: 259747 cord_uid: sl9q63oc file: cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.json key: cord-259924-a14svuwu authors: Kavčič, Tina; Avsec, Andreja; Zager Kocjan, Gaja title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date: 2020-06-17 journal: Psychiatr Q DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4 sha: doc_id: 259924 cord_uid: a14svuwu file: cache/cord-260002-hszdk4es.json key: cord-260002-hszdk4es authors: Wayne, Annie S; Rozanski, Elizabeth A title: Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) DOI: 10.1111/vec.12974 sha: doc_id: 260002 cord_uid: hszdk4es file: cache/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.json key: cord-259869-kwzsdhrr authors: Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam title: Oral saliva and CVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104821 sha: doc_id: 259869 cord_uid: kwzsdhrr file: cache/cord-259668-nwezszhj.json key: cord-259668-nwezszhj authors: Ortiz, Alberto title: Complement and protection from tissue injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa196 sha: doc_id: 259668 cord_uid: nwezszhj file: cache/cord-259814-3x234ck2.json key: cord-259814-3x234ck2 authors: Giussani, Carlo; Sganzerla, Erik; Valvassori, Luca; Alparone, Mario; Citerio, Giuseppe title: The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04327-4 sha: doc_id: 259814 cord_uid: 3x234ck2 file: cache/cord-259871-46al6phc.json key: cord-259871-46al6phc authors: Weill, Joakim A.; Stigler, Matthieu; Deschenes, Olivier; Springborn, Michael R. title: Social distancing responses to COVID-19 emergency declarations strongly differentiated by income date: 2020-08-18 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009412117 sha: doc_id: 259871 cord_uid: 46al6phc file: cache/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.json key: cord-259971-e3h8pr1v authors: Nwachukwu, Izu; Nkire, Nnamdi; Shalaby, Reham; Hrabok, Marianne; Vuong, Wesley; Gusnowski, April; Surood, Shireen; Urichuk, Liana; Greenshaw, Andrew J.; Agyapong, Vincent I.O. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada date: 2020-09-01 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176366 sha: doc_id: 259971 cord_uid: e3h8pr1v file: cache/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.json key: cord-260033-9cv4eqp8 authors: Al Barbarawi, Mohammed M.; Jbarah, Omar F.; Alomari, Amer A. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the neurosurgery practice in the North of Jordan date: 2020-06-04 journal: Interdiscip Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100793 sha: doc_id: 260033 cord_uid: 9cv4eqp8 file: cache/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.json key: cord-260150-ynoevzrg authors: Caproni, Stefano; Di Schino, Chiara; Costantini, Franco; Parisi, Giorgio; Colosimo, Carlo title: Letter to the editor: “COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies” date: 2020-07-17 journal: Acta Neurol Belg DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01444-w sha: doc_id: 260150 cord_uid: ynoevzrg file: cache/cord-259906-9em5tjya.json key: cord-259906-9em5tjya authors: Park, Ji Young; Han, Mi Seon; Park, Kyoung Un; Kim, Ji Young; Choi, Eun Hwa title: First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea date: 2020-03-16 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124 sha: doc_id: 259906 cord_uid: 9em5tjya file: cache/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.json key: cord-259837-5tbdqzxr authors: Kalcioglu, Mahmut Tayyar; Cag, Yasemin; Kilic, Osman; Tuysuz, Ozan title: May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? date: 2020-09-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1468 sha: doc_id: 259837 cord_uid: 5tbdqzxr file: cache/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.json key: cord-260257-phmd0u6d authors: Siegler, Aaron J; Hall, Eric; Luisi, Nicole; Zlotorzynska, Maria; Wilde, Gretchen; Sanchez, Travis; Bradley, Heather; Sullivan, Patrick S title: Willingness to seek laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 with home, drive-through, and clinic-based specimen collection locations date: 2020-06-30 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa269 sha: doc_id: 260257 cord_uid: phmd0u6d file: cache/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.json key: cord-260039-k9rs3dql authors: Doerre, A.; Doblhammer, G. title: Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.06.20207951 sha: doc_id: 260039 cord_uid: k9rs3dql file: cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.json key: cord-259984-csdf1a69 authors: Raffiq, Azman; Seng, Liew Boon; San, Lim Swee; Zakaria, Zaitun; Yee, Ang Song; Fitzrol, Diana Noma; Hassan, Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan; Idris, Zamzuri; Ghani, Abdul Rahman Izaini; Rosman, Azmin Kass; Abdullah, Jafri Malin title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 sha: doc_id: 259984 cord_uid: csdf1a69 file: cache/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.json key: cord-260210-u4uosc5v authors: McKenna, Hugh title: Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses date: 2020-10-01 journal: Int J Nurs Stud DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103673 sha: doc_id: 260210 cord_uid: u4uosc5v file: cache/cord-260218-add4i1c9.json key: cord-260218-add4i1c9 authors: Bosch‐Amate, X; Giavedoni, P; Podlipnik, S; Andreu‐Febrer, C; Sanz‐Beltran, J; Garcia‐Herrera, A; Alós, L; Mascaró, JM title: Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid‐19 coagulopathy date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16689 sha: doc_id: 260218 cord_uid: add4i1c9 file: cache/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.json key: cord-260249-dkslt9ir authors: Vallejo, Benjamin M.; Ong, Rodrigo Angelo C. title: Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100115 sha: doc_id: 260249 cord_uid: dkslt9ir file: cache/cord-260279-igra1q3j.json key: cord-260279-igra1q3j authors: Slanetz, Priscilla J.; Parikh, Ujas; Chapman, Teresa; Moutzas, Cari title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education—Strategies for Survival date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.034 sha: doc_id: 260279 cord_uid: igra1q3j file: cache/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.json key: cord-260441-3t7ppofw authors: Morvan, J.-B.; Rivière, D.; Danguy des Déserts, M.; Bonfort, G.; Mathais, Q.; Pasquier, P. title: Trachéotomie percutanée pour afflux saturant de patients COVID-19: expérience des ORL militaires déployés à Mulhouse date: 2020-06-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.aforl.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 260441 cord_uid: 3t7ppofw file: cache/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.json key: cord-260214-2axc1wn3 authors: Batista, Berlinda; Dickenson, Drew; Gurski, Katharine; Kebe, Malick; Rankin, Naomi title: Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() date: 2020-08-07 journal: Math Biosci DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108442 sha: doc_id: 260214 cord_uid: 2axc1wn3 file: cache/cord-260456-kjmab3og.json key: cord-260456-kjmab3og authors: Hegde, Shruti; Yesodharan, Gemini; Tedrow, John; Goldman, Alena title: Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-10-28 journal: Case Rep Crit Care DOI: 10.1155/2020/8875330 sha: doc_id: 260456 cord_uid: kjmab3og file: cache/cord-260162-5037khjy.json key: cord-260162-5037khjy authors: Gupta, Nivedita; Praharaj, Ira; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley; Giri, Sidhartha; Chauhan, Himanshu; Kulkarni, Sanket; Murhekar, Manoj; Singh, Sujeet; Gangakhedkar, Raman R.; Bhargava, Balram; ICMR COVID Team, title: Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020 date: 2020-04-28 journal: Indian J Med Res DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1035_20 sha: doc_id: 260162 cord_uid: 5037khjy file: cache/cord-260180-kojb8efv.json key: cord-260180-kojb8efv authors: Elsoukkary, Sarah S.; Mostyka, Maria; Dillard, Alicia; Berman, Diana R.; Ma, Lucy X.; Chadburn, Amy; Yantiss, Rhonda K.; Jessurun, Jose; Seshan, Surya V.; Borczuk, Alain C.; Salvatore, Steven P. title: Autopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience date: 2020-09-17 journal: Pathobiology DOI: 10.1159/000511325 sha: doc_id: 260180 cord_uid: kojb8efv file: cache/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.json key: cord-260248-yp8x5zwi authors: Ngonghala, Calistus N; Iboi, Enahoro; Eikenberry, Steffen; Scotch, Matthew; MacIntyre, Chandini Raina; Bonds, Matthew H; Gumel, Abba B title: Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus date: 2020-04-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066480 sha: doc_id: 260248 cord_uid: yp8x5zwi file: cache/cord-260264-8fzlllde.json key: cord-260264-8fzlllde authors: Kahan, Barry D. title: COVID-19 Minisymposium: Toward a Strategic Roadmap date: 2020-10-06 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 260264 cord_uid: 8fzlllde file: cache/cord-260274-c3586tp6.json key: cord-260274-c3586tp6 authors: Somers, Emily C; Eschenauer, Gregory A; Troost, Jonathan P; Golob, Jonathan L; Gandhi, Tejal N; Wang, Lu; Zhou, Nina; Petty, Lindsay A; Baang, Ji Hoon; Dillman, Nicholas O; Frame, David; Gregg, Kevin S; Kaul, Dan R; Nagel, Jerod; Patel, Twisha S; Zhou, Shiwei; Lauring, Adam S; Hanauer, David A; Martin, Emily; Sharma, Pratima; Fung, Christopher M; Pogue, Jason M title: Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa954 sha: doc_id: 260274 cord_uid: c3586tp6 file: cache/cord-260525-bohv78hi.json key: cord-260525-bohv78hi authors: Mei, Yang; Weinberg, Samuel E.; Zhao, Lihui; Frink, Adam; Qi, Chao; Behdad, Amir; Ji, Peng title: Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza date: 2020-07-31 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100475 sha: doc_id: 260525 cord_uid: bohv78hi file: cache/cord-260232-98gtlad6.json key: cord-260232-98gtlad6 authors: Chenna, Avantika; Konala, Venu Madhav; Bose, Subhasish; Roy, Sasmit; Madhira, Bhaskar Reddy; Gayam, Vijay; Naramala, Srikanth; Adapa, Sreedhar title: Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade date: 2020-06-29 journal: Case Rep Nephrol DOI: 10.1155/2020/8811931 sha: doc_id: 260232 cord_uid: 98gtlad6 file: cache/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.json key: cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 authors: Tran, Tu Anh; Cezar, Renaud; Frandon, Julien; Kabani, Sarah; Corbeau, Pierre title: CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() date: 2020-09-02 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.073 sha: doc_id: 260332 cord_uid: tnz6k2z1 file: cache/cord-260349-dm39opvg.json key: cord-260349-dm39opvg authors: Frank, P.; Iob, E.; Steptoe, A.; Fancourt, D. title: Trajectories of depressive symptoms among vulnerable groups in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20126300 sha: doc_id: 260349 cord_uid: dm39opvg file: cache/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.json key: cord-260179-g9umdcn2 authors: He, Zonglin; Chin, Yiqiao; Huang, Jian; He, Yi; Akinwunmi, Babatunde O.; Yu, Shinning; Zhang, Casper J.P.; Ming, Wai-kit title: Meteorological factors and domestic new cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in nine Asian cities: A time-series analysis date: 2020-04-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066613 sha: doc_id: 260179 cord_uid: g9umdcn2 file: cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.json key: cord-260322-b2493coe authors: Mehring, William M.; Poksay, Andrew; Kriege, Jesse; Prasannappa, Rithvik; Wang, Michael D.; Hendel, Chris; Hochman, Michael title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 sha: doc_id: 260322 cord_uid: b2493coe file: cache/cord-260365-neili1bd.json key: cord-260365-neili1bd authors: Silverstein, Jenna S.; Limaye, Meghana A.; Brubaker, Sara G.; Roman, Ashley S.; Bautista, Judita; Chervenak, Judith; Ratner, Adam J.; Sommer, Philip M.; Roselli, Nicole M.; Gibson, Charlisa D.; Ellenberg, David; Penfield, Christina A. title: Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 journal: AJP Rep DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712925 sha: doc_id: 260365 cord_uid: neili1bd file: cache/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.json key: cord-260374-06j1jlc6 authors: Gao, Feng; Zheng, Kenneth I.; Gu, Jin‐Yang; George, Jacob; Zheng, Ming‐Hua title: COVID‐19 and liver transplantation: Lessons learned from three reported cases date: 2020-06-02 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13335 sha: doc_id: 260374 cord_uid: 06j1jlc6 file: cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.json key: cord-260585-ovmko655 authors: Sherman, Allen C.; Williams, Mark L; Amick, Benjamin C; Hudson, Teresa J.; Messias, Erick L title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113476 sha: doc_id: 260585 cord_uid: ovmko655 file: cache/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.json key: cord-260642-qzc3etlx authors: Liao, Zhongxing; Campo, Eleonor Rivin del; Salem, Ahmed; Pang, Qingsong; Liu, Hui; Guerra, Jose Luis Lopez title: Optimizing lung cancer radiation treatment worldwide in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-26 journal: Lung Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.029 sha: doc_id: 260642 cord_uid: qzc3etlx file: cache/cord-260586-ry0roidc.json key: cord-260586-ry0roidc authors: Felsenstein, Daniel; Shmueli, Deborah F.; Thomas, Deborah S.K. title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades - Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World date: 2020-09-10 journal: Int J Disaster Risk Reduct DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101842 sha: doc_id: 260586 cord_uid: ry0roidc file: cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.json key: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l authors: Seelig, Frederik; Bezerra, Haroldo; Cameron, Mary; Hii, Jeffrey; Hiscox, Alexandra; Irish, Seth; Jones, Robert T.; Lang, Trudie; Lindsay, Steven W.; Lowe, Rachel; Nyoni, Tanaka Manikidza; Power, Grace M.; Quintero, Juliana; Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M.; Tusting, Lucy S.; Tytheridge, Scott; Logan, James G. title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008606 sha: doc_id: 260693 cord_uid: 8mfuwx8l file: cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.json key: cord-260629-ml1qjipn authors: Kopelovich, Sarah L.; Monroe-DeVita, Maria; Buck, Benjamin E.; Brenner, Carolyn; Moser, Lorna; Jarskog, L. Fredrik; Harker, Steve; Chwastiak, Lydia A. title: Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date: 2020-06-19 journal: Community Ment Health J DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z sha: doc_id: 260629 cord_uid: ml1qjipn file: cache/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.json key: cord-260852-u0gpklj7 authors: Osman, Mohammed; Faridi, Rehan M.; Sligl, Wendy; Shabani-Rad, Meer-Taher; Dharmani-Khan, Poonam; Parker, Arabesque; Kalra, Amit; Tripathi, Minal Borkar; Storek, Jan; Cohen Tervaert, Jan Willem; Khan, Faisal M. title: Impaired natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 journal: Blood Adv DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002650 sha: doc_id: 260852 cord_uid: u0gpklj7 file: cache/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.json key: cord-260559-n8i52e8q authors: Peiris, Malik; Leung, Gabriel M title: What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? date: 2020-09-21 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31976-0 sha: doc_id: 260559 cord_uid: n8i52e8q file: cache/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.json key: cord-260697-oepk0b1d authors: Huang, J.; Zhai, S.; Ye, F.; Wang, S.; Zeng, M.; Way, G.; Madarha, V.; Zhu, T.; Qiu, L.; Xu, Z.; Ye, M.; Liu, L.; Cui, X.; Liao, J. title: COVID-19 Recurrent Varies with Different Combinatorial Medical Treatments Determined by Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164699 sha: doc_id: 260697 cord_uid: oepk0b1d file: cache/cord-260826-1n96pz86.json key: cord-260826-1n96pz86 authors: Shet, Anita; Ray, Debashree; Malavige, Neelika; Santosham, Mathuram; Bar-Zeev, Naor title: Differential COVID-19-attributable mortality and BCG vaccine use in countries date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049478 sha: doc_id: 260826 cord_uid: 1n96pz86 file: cache/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.json key: cord-260674-a0ejus6m authors: Chopra, Sakshi; Ranjan, Piyush; Singh, Vishwajeet; Kumar, Suraj; Arora, Mehak; Hasan, Mohamed Shuaib; Kasiraj, Rhytha; Suryansh; Kaur, Divjyot; Vikram, Naval K.; Malhotra, Anita; Kumari, Archana; Klanidhi, Kamal Bandhu; Baitha, Upendra title: Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours- a cross-sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and ninety-five participants from India date: 2020-10-06 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.034 sha: doc_id: 260674 cord_uid: a0ejus6m file: cache/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.json key: cord-260854-v7wgb6mr authors: Colafrancesco, Serena; Alessandri, Cristiano; Conti, Fabrizio; Priori, Roberta title: COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? date: 2020-05-05 journal: Autoimmun Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573 sha: doc_id: 260854 cord_uid: v7wgb6mr file: cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.json key: cord-260993-udajtsmm authors: Youssef, Mohanad; Hussein, Mohammad; Attia, Abdallah S; Elshazli, Rami; Omar, Mahmoud; Zora, Ghassan; Farhoud, Ashraf; Elnahla, Ahmad; Shihabi, Areej; Toraih, Eman; Fawzy, Manal; Kandil, Emad title: COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26055 sha: doc_id: 260993 cord_uid: udajtsmm file: cache/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.json key: cord-260871-dtn5t8ka authors: Silva, Marcus Tulius T.; Lima, Marco; Araujo, Abelardo Q.-C. title: SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned about the Nervous System? date: 2020-07-17 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0447 sha: doc_id: 260871 cord_uid: dtn5t8ka file: cache/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.json key: cord-260921-9xgrthg7 authors: Ahuja, Abhimanyu S.; Reddy, Vineet Pasam; Marques, Oge title: Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Approach date: 2020-05-27 journal: Integr Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100434 sha: doc_id: 260921 cord_uid: 9xgrthg7 file: cache/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.json key: cord-260923-hwvtxy9g authors: Jain, Amit; Lamperti, Massimo; Doyle, D. John title: Dexmedetomidine: another arrow in the quiver to fight COVID-19 disease in intensive care units date: 2020-10-14 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.010 sha: doc_id: 260923 cord_uid: hwvtxy9g file: cache/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.json key: cord-260702-1ljyk8uw authors: El Hamichi, Sophia; Gold, Aaron; Murray, Timothy G.; Graversen, Veronica Kon title: Pandemics, climate change, and the eye date: 2020-09-30 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04947-7 sha: doc_id: 260702 cord_uid: 1ljyk8uw file: cache/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.json key: cord-260866-bzdd4f5h authors: Barceló, Damià title: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Monitor COVID-19 Outbreak: Present and Future Diagnostic Methods to be in Your Radar date: 2020-09-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100042 sha: doc_id: 260866 cord_uid: bzdd4f5h file: cache/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.json key: cord-260723-y4ow6n8r authors: Dorey-Stein, Zachariah L.; Myers, Catherine N.; Kumaran, Maruti; Mamary, Albert J.; Criner, Gerard J. title: Case Series: Failure of imaging & biochemical markers to capture disease progression in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101227 sha: doc_id: 260723 cord_uid: y4ow6n8r file: cache/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.json key: cord-260762-1kuj5dzz authors: Elledge, Christen R.; Beriwal, Sushil; Chargari, Cyrus; Chopra, Supriya; Erickson, Beth A.; Gaffney, David K.; Jhingran, Anuja; Klopp, Ann H.; Small, William; Yashar, Catheryn M.; Viswanathan, Akila N. title: Radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: International expert consensus recommendations date: 2020-06-15 journal: Gynecol Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.486 sha: doc_id: 260762 cord_uid: 1kuj5dzz file: cache/cord-260995-ji8aifck.json key: cord-260995-ji8aifck authors: Mohindra, Pranshu; Beriwal, Sushil; Kamrava, Mitchell title: Proposed brachytherapy recommendations (practical implementation, indications, and dose fractionation) during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 journal: Brachytherapy DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.04.009 sha: doc_id: 260995 cord_uid: ji8aifck file: cache/cord-260807-uyb45nye.json key: cord-260807-uyb45nye authors: McCullough, Laurence B.; Coverdale, John; Chervenak, Frank A. title: Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003434 sha: doc_id: 260807 cord_uid: uyb45nye file: cache/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.json key: cord-261006-2xh3f07i authors: Dong, Zhiyong; Zhang, Peng; Zhu, Jiangfan; Bai, Jie; Parmar, Chetan; Chen, Wenhui; Hu, Ruixiang; Wang, Jianxue; Chong, Tsz Hong; Jiang, Shuwen; Yang, Wah; Gao, Lilian; Chen, Xiaomei; Yang, Jingge; Xia, Zefeng; Tao, Kaixiong; Wang, Cunchuan title: Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China date: 2020-06-06 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04741-8 sha: doc_id: 261006 cord_uid: 2xh3f07i file: cache/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.json key: cord-261070-cvj1t0gi authors: Zhang, Xue; Yu, Jiong; Pan, Li-ya; Jiang, Hai-yin title: ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-15 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104927 sha: doc_id: 261070 cord_uid: cvj1t0gi file: cache/cord-260874-g3k562od.json key: cord-260874-g3k562od authors: Pontieri-Lewis, Vicky title: Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000667 sha: doc_id: 260874 cord_uid: g3k562od file: cache/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.json key: cord-261057-pq0gkwiu authors: García-Reyna, Benjamín; Castillo-García, Gilberto Daniel; Barbosa-Camacho, Francisco José; Cervantes-Cardona, Guillermo Alonso; Cervantes-Pérez, Enrique; Torres-Mendoza, Blanca Miriam; Fuentes-Orozco, Clotilde; Pintor-Belmontes, Kevin Josue; Guzmán-Ramírez, Bertha Georgina; Hernández-Bernal, Aldo; González-Ojeda, Alejandro; Cervantes-Guevara, Gabino title: Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Hospital Staff in Regional Hospitals in Mexico: a Brief Report date: 2020-11-04 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00413-x sha: doc_id: 261057 cord_uid: pq0gkwiu file: cache/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.json key: cord-260730-w9yv4jd7 authors: Neff, Shawn M.; Roecker, Christopher B.; Okamoto, Casey S.; Holguin, Samuel L.; Napuli, Jason G.; Mattox, Ross; Hinkeldey, Nathan A.; Paris, David J. title: Guidance concerning chiropractic practice in response to COVID-19 in the U.S.: a summary of state regulators’ web-based information date: 2020-07-06 journal: Chiropr Man Therap DOI: 10.1186/s12998-020-00333-6 sha: doc_id: 260730 cord_uid: w9yv4jd7 file: cache/cord-260857-oxxle915.json key: cord-260857-oxxle915 authors: Samuel, Sharmeen; Friedman, Richard A.; Sharma, Chetan; Ganigara, Madhusudan; Mitchell, Elizabeth; Schleien, Charles; Blaufox, Andrew D. title: INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYMPTOMATIC PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PCR POSITIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION INCLUDING DRUG INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CORRECTED QT INTERVAL (QTc). date: 2020-07-01 journal: Heart Rhythm DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.06.033 sha: doc_id: 260857 cord_uid: oxxle915 file: cache/cord-261029-befymalm.json key: cord-261029-befymalm authors: Sultan, Keith; Mone, Anjali; Durbin, Laura; Khuwaja, Samreen; Swaminath, Arun title: Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 journal: World J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5534 sha: doc_id: 261029 cord_uid: befymalm file: cache/cord-261105-hydccq8m.json key: cord-261105-hydccq8m authors: Wang, Chongying; Zhao, Hong title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students date: 2020-05-22 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01168 sha: doc_id: 261105 cord_uid: hydccq8m file: cache/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.json key: cord-261141-w4bqp9xr authors: Li, Jinpeng; Gao, Rongfen; Wu, Gaosong; Wu, Xiaolin; Liu, Zeming; Wang, Hongjing; Huang, Yihui; Pan, Zhenyu; Chen, Jincao; Wu, Xiaohui title: Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-19 journal: Surgery DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 261141 cord_uid: w4bqp9xr file: cache/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.json key: cord-261311-j6bmgmhz authors: Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora; Fonseca de Medeiros, Amanda; Dias Carneiro de Almeida, Claudmeire; Moreira Reis, Adriano Max title: Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview date: 2020-07-31 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00761-7 sha: doc_id: 261311 cord_uid: j6bmgmhz file: cache/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.json key: cord-261192-yzw2bm13 authors: Sun, Jia-Kui; Liu, Ying; Zou, Lei; Zhang, Wen-Hao; Li, Jing-Jing; Wang, Yu; Kan, Xiao-Hua; Chen, Jiu-Dong; Shi, Qian-Kun; Yuan, Shou-Tao title: Acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-21 journal: World J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.6087 sha: doc_id: 261192 cord_uid: yzw2bm13 file: cache/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.json key: cord-260980-tyf3fuz9 authors: Lorenzo Villalba, Noel; Maouche, Yasmine; Alonso Ortiz, Maria Belen; Cordoba Sosa, Zaida; Chahbazian, Jean Baptiste; Syrovatkova, Aneska; Pertoldi, Pierre; Andres, Emmanuel; Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad title: Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? date: 2020-04-03 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001641 sha: doc_id: 260980 cord_uid: tyf3fuz9 file: cache/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.json key: cord-261075-wqtxhiy8 authors: Zhang, Meng; Zhou, Lingyan; Wang, Jing; Wang, Kun; Wang, Yuan; Pan, Xudong; Ma, Aijun title: The nervous system——a new territory being explored of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 journal: J Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.10.056 sha: doc_id: 261075 cord_uid: wqtxhiy8 file: cache/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.json key: cord-261086-pwgsl32m authors: Aigner, Clemens; Dittmer, Ulf; Kamler, Markus; Collaud, Stephane; Taube, Christian title: COVID-19 in a lung transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 261086 cord_uid: pwgsl32m file: cache/cord-261222-762nqkbg.json key: cord-261222-762nqkbg authors: Sachdeva, Sonali; Desai, Rupak; Gupta, Udita; Prakash, Anupam; Jain, Abhinav; Aggarwal, Ankita title: Admission Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetics Predicts Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19: a Pooled Analysis and Meta-summary of Literature date: 2020-10-12 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00575-8 sha: doc_id: 261222 cord_uid: 762nqkbg file: cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.json key: cord-261173-lnjh56ts authors: Misra-Hebert, Anita D.; Jehi, Lara; Ji, Xinge; Nowacki, Amy S.; Gordon, Steven; Terpeluk, Paul; Chung, Mina K.; Mehra, Reena; Dell, Katherine M.; Pennell, Nathan; Hamilton, Aaron; Milinovich, Alex; Kattan, Michael W.; Young, James B. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 sha: doc_id: 261173 cord_uid: lnjh56ts file: cache/cord-261328-prczsz9m.json key: cord-261328-prczsz9m authors: Yassa, Murat; Mutlu, Memiş Ali; Kalafat, Erkan; Birol, Pınar; Yirmibeş, Cihangir; Tekin, Arzu Bilge; Sandal, Kemal; Ayanoğlu, Esra; Yassa, Mahmut; Kılınç, Ceyhun; Tug, Niyazi title: How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 journal: Turk J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2020.93902 sha: doc_id: 261328 cord_uid: prczsz9m file: cache/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.json key: cord-261370-jp5sqqwc authors: Bollag, Wendy B.; Gonzales, Joyce N. title: Phosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19? date: 2020-09-16 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110277 sha: doc_id: 261370 cord_uid: jp5sqqwc file: cache/cord-261174-jws90odd.json key: cord-261174-jws90odd authors: Tekbali, Asma; Grünebaum, Amos; Saraya, Abraham; McCullough, Laurence; Bornstein, Eran; Chervenak, Frank A. title: Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 261174 cord_uid: jws90odd file: cache/cord-261113-v84rzhin.json key: cord-261113-v84rzhin authors: Ferdinand, Keith C. title: Understanding African American COVID‐19 Severity and Mortality: Is Obesity the Key? date: 2020-08-04 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22938 sha: doc_id: 261113 cord_uid: v84rzhin file: cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.json key: cord-261420-8wavi5tk authors: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh; Pham, Viet-Thanh; Kapitaniak, Tomasz title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 sha: doc_id: 261420 cord_uid: 8wavi5tk file: cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.json key: cord-261256-iwdusvrw authors: Gandolfi, Alberto title: Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Physica D DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2020.132753 sha: doc_id: 261256 cord_uid: iwdusvrw file: cache/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.json key: cord-261383-izd1vn6f authors: Oleynick, Christopher title: Symptoms of Pleurisy as the Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925775 sha: doc_id: 261383 cord_uid: izd1vn6f file: cache/cord-261315-n8tnistv.json key: cord-261315-n8tnistv authors: Palomar‐Lever, Andres; Barraza, Gustavo; Galicia‐Alba, Julieta; Echeverri‐Bolaños, Melissa; Escarria‐Panesso, Robert; Padua‐Barrios, Jorge; Halabe‐Cherem, Jose; Hernandez‐Molina, Gabriela; Chargoy‐Loustaunau, Talia Nila; Kimura‐Hayama, Eric title: Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID‐19: A computed tomography study date: 2020-08-04 journal: JGH Open DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12395 sha: doc_id: 261315 cord_uid: n8tnistv file: cache/cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.json key: cord-261062-9zhe3ejy authors: Zhu, Shu-Ting; Tao, Fang-Yi; Xu, Jing-Hong; Liao, Shu-Sheng; Shen, Chuan-Li; Shi, Bin-Bin; Liang, Zeng-Hui; Li, Qiao title: Utility of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Classification of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 journal: Ultrasound Med Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 261062 cord_uid: 9zhe3ejy file: cache/cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.json key: cord-261270-jkm9c5yv authors: Annweiler, Cédric; Sacco, Guillaume; Salles, Nathalie; Aquino, Jean-Pierre; Gautier, Jennifer; Berrut, Gilles; Guérin, Olivier; Gavazzi, Gaetan title: National French survey of COVID-19 symptoms in people aged 70 and over date: 2020-06-18 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa792 sha: doc_id: 261270 cord_uid: jkm9c5yv file: cache/cord-261228-o80y5cic.json key: cord-261228-o80y5cic authors: Jorge, D. C. P.; Rodrigues, M. S.; Silva, M. S.; Cardim, L. L.; Silva, N. B. d.; Silveira, I. H.; Silva, V. A. F.; Pereira, F. A. C.; Pinho, S. T. R.; Andrade, R. F. S.; Ramos, P. I. P.; Oliveira, J. F. title: Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date: 2020-06-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 sha: doc_id: 261228 cord_uid: o80y5cic file: cache/cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.json key: cord-261435-wcn4bjnw authors: Ren, Xianwen; Wen, Wen; Fan, Xiaoying; Hou, Wenhong; Su, Bin; Cai, Pengfei; Li, Jiesheng; Liu, Yang; Tang, Fei; Zhang, Fan; Yang, Yu; He, Jiangping; Ma, Wenji; He, Jingjing; Wang, Pingping; Cao, Qiqi; Chen, Fangjin; Chen, Yuqing; Cheng, Xuelian; Deng, Guohong; Deng, Xilong; Ding, Wenyu; Feng, Yingmei; Gan, Rui; Guo, Chuang; Guo, Weiqiang; He, Shuai; Jiang, Chen; Liang, Juanran; Li, Yi-min; Lin, Jun; Ling, Yun; Liu, Haofei; Liu, Jianwei; Liu, Nianping; Liu, Yang; Luo, Meng; Ma, Qiang; Song, Qibing; Sun, Wujianan; Wang, GaoXiang; Wang, Feng; Wang, Ying; Wen, Xiaofeng; Wu, Qian; Xu, Gang; Xie, Xiaowei; Xiong, Xinxin; Xing, Xudong; Xu, Hao; Yin, Chonghai; Yu, Dongdong; Yu, Kezhuo; Yuan, Jin; Zhang, Biao; Zhang, Tong; Zhao, Jincun; Zhao, Peidong; Zhou, Jianfeng; Zhou, Wei; Zhong, Sujuan; Zhong, Xiaosong; Zhang, Shuye; Zhu, Lin; Zhu, Ping; Zou, Bin; Zou, Jiahua; Zuo, Zengtao; Bai, Fan; Huang, Xi; Bian, Xiuwu; Zhou, Penghui; Jiang, Qinghua; Huang, Zhiwei; Bei, Jin-Xin; Wei, Lai; Liu, Xindong; Cheng, Tao; Li, Xiangpan; Zhao, Pingsen; Wang, Fu-Sheng; Wang, Hongyang; Su, Bing; Zhang, Zheng; Qu, Kun; Wang, Xiaoqun; Chen, Jiekai; Jin, Ronghua; Zhang, Zemin title: Large-scale single-cell analysis reveals critical immune characteristics of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.360479 sha: doc_id: 261435 cord_uid: wcn4bjnw file: cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.json key: cord-261558-szll3znw authors: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J.; Ricci Cabello, I.; Jimenez, R.; Zamanillo-Campos, R.; Yanez Juan, A. M.; Bennasar-Veny, M.; Sitges, C.; Gervilla, E.; Leiva, A.; Garcia-Campayo, J.; Garcia-Buades, E.; Garcia-Toro, M.; Pastor-Moreno, G.; Ruiz-Perez, I.; Alonso-Coello, P.; Llobera-Canaves, J.; Fiol-DeRoque, M. A. title: Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-11-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 sha: doc_id: 261558 cord_uid: szll3znw file: cache/cord-261437-x2k9apav.json key: cord-261437-x2k9apav authors: Li, D.; Croft, D. P.; Ossip, D. J.; Xie, Z. title: Are Vapers More Susceptible to COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-05-09 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20092379 sha: doc_id: 261437 cord_uid: x2k9apav file: cache/cord-261439-xfsqzadd.json key: cord-261439-xfsqzadd authors: Sohal, Karpal Singh; Simon, Elison N. M.; Kalyanyama, Boniphace; Moshy, Jeremiah Robert title: Oral and maxillofacial surgical services amid COVID-19 pandemic: perspective from Tanzania date: 2020-08-17 journal: Trop Med Health DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00258-z sha: doc_id: 261439 cord_uid: xfsqzadd file: cache/cord-261471-3msk5ggc.json key: cord-261471-3msk5ggc authors: Whyte, Martin B.; Vas, Prashanth; Heiss, Christian; Feher, Michael D. title: The contribution of diabetic micro-angiopathy to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108217 sha: doc_id: 261471 cord_uid: 3msk5ggc file: cache/cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.json key: cord-261470-sqxdwu6j authors: Weichmann, Franziska; Rohdewald, Peter title: Projected supportive effects of Pycnogenol® in patients suffering from multi-dimensional health impairments after a SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106191 sha: doc_id: 261470 cord_uid: sqxdwu6j file: cache/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.json key: cord-261512-eoqrqnl4 authors: Sneyd, J.Robert; Mathoulin, Sophie E.; O'Sullivan, Ellen P.; So, Vincent C.; Roberts, Fiona R.; Paul, Aaron A.; Cortinez, Luis I.; Ampofo, Russell S.; Miller, Caitlynn J.; Balkisson, Maxine A. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training date: 2020-07-23 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.011 sha: doc_id: 261512 cord_uid: eoqrqnl4 file: cache/cord-261599-ddgoxape.json key: cord-261599-ddgoxape authors: Nabi, Khondoker Nazmoon; Abboubakar, Hamadjam; Kumar, Pushpendra title: Forecasting of COVID-19 pandemic: From integer derivatives to fractional derivatives date: 2020-09-21 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110283 sha: doc_id: 261599 cord_uid: ddgoxape file: cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.json key: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 authors: Sabir, A. M.; Alvi, I. A.; Alharbi, M.; Basabrain, A.; Aljundi, M.; Almohammadi, G.; Almuairfi, Z.; Alharbi, R. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20134957 sha: doc_id: 261485 cord_uid: 0ke5nqy0 file: cache/cord-261653-0vtghtp7.json key: cord-261653-0vtghtp7 authors: Andersen, Kylie J.; Klassen, Stephen A.; Larson, Kathryn F.; Ripoll, Juan G.; Senefeld, Jonathon W.; Clayburn, Andrew J.; Shepherd, John R.A.; Tseng, Andrew S.; Wiggins, Chad C.; Johnson, Christopher P.; Miller, Andrew D.; Baker, Sarah E.; Wright, R. Scott; Winters, Jeffrey L.; Stubbs, James R.; Joyner, Michael J.; van Buskirk, Camille M. title: Recruitment Strategy for Potential COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors date: 2020-09-21 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.021 sha: doc_id: 261653 cord_uid: 0vtghtp7 file: cache/cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.json key: cord-261670-rd9uq6tc authors: Stringer, Kathleen A.; Puskarich, Michael A.; Kenes, Michael T.; Dickson, Robert P. title: COVID‐19: The Uninvited Guest in the Intensive Care Unit — Implications for Pharmacotherapy date: 2020-05-04 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2394 sha: doc_id: 261670 cord_uid: rd9uq6tc file: cache/cord-261424-t0yulofo.json key: cord-261424-t0yulofo authors: Feltman, Dalia M.; Moore, Gregory P.; Beck, Andrew F.; Siffermann, Emily; Bellieni, Carlo; Lantos, John title: Seeking Normalcy as the Curve Flattens: Ethical Considerations for Pediatricians Managing Collateral Damage of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.067 sha: doc_id: 261424 cord_uid: t0yulofo file: cache/cord-261577-h86kidhs.json key: cord-261577-h86kidhs authors: Páramo, José A. title: Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Microvascular Thrombosis, or Both in COVID-19? date: 2020-07-22 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620933953 sha: doc_id: 261577 cord_uid: h86kidhs file: cache/cord-261834-x5ltmj30.json key: cord-261834-x5ltmj30 authors: Guo, Cheng-Xian; He, Li; Yin, Ji-Ye; Meng, Xiang-Guang; Tan, Wei; Yang, Guo-Ping; Bo, Tao; Liu, Jun-Ping; Lin, Xin-Jian; Chen, Xiang title: Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01719-2 sha: doc_id: 261834 cord_uid: x5ltmj30 file: cache/cord-261455-uejtwgar.json key: cord-261455-uejtwgar authors: Roschewski, Mark; Lionakis, Michail S.; Sharman, Jeff P.; Roswarski, Joseph; Goy, Andre; Monticelli, M. Andrew; Roshon, Michael; Wrzesinski, Stephen H.; Desai, Jigar V.; Zarakas, Marissa A.; Collen, Jacob; Rose, Keith; Hamdy, Ahmed; Izumi, Raquel; Wright, George W.; Chung, Kevin K.; Baselga, Jose; Staudt, Louis M.; Wilson, Wyndham H. title: Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: Sci Immunol DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0110 sha: doc_id: 261455 cord_uid: uejtwgar file: cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.json key: cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 authors: Boufkhed, Sabah; Namisango, Eve; Luyirika, Emmanuel; Sleeman, Katherine E.; Costantini, Massimo; Peruselli, Carlo; Normand, Charles; Higginson, Irene J.; Harding, Richard title: Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.018 sha: doc_id: 261695 cord_uid: 2zg3j4x8 file: cache/cord-261581-2pgac304.json key: cord-261581-2pgac304 authors: Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z.; Yusuf, Korede K.; Reinhart, Kylie; Salihu, Hamisu M. title: COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J MCH AIDS DOI: 10.21106/ijma.401 sha: doc_id: 261581 cord_uid: 2pgac304 file: cache/cord-261771-43075ute.json key: cord-261771-43075ute authors: Zhu, Zhen; Liu, Qi; Jiang, Xiaobing; Manandhar, Upasana; Luo, Zhongyu; Zheng, Xu; Li, Yuanyuan; Xie, Jun; Zhang, Bo title: The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Psychiatr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 261771 cord_uid: 43075ute file: cache/cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.json key: cord-261840-hk5zi1lj authors: Bhumireddy, Jayachandra; Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar; Nuvvula, Sivakumar title: Challenges and possible solutions in dental practice during and post COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10983-x sha: doc_id: 261840 cord_uid: hk5zi1lj file: cache/cord-261687-632r6uqe.json key: cord-261687-632r6uqe authors: Xie, Z.; Li, D. title: Health and Demographic Impact on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in US Counties date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093195 sha: doc_id: 261687 cord_uid: 632r6uqe file: cache/cord-261473-162uk7wm.json key: cord-261473-162uk7wm authors: Klimach, Anna; Evans, Jordan; Stevens, Jennifer; Creasey, Nikola title: Rash as a presenting complaint in a child with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: Pediatr Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/pde.14257 sha: doc_id: 261473 cord_uid: 162uk7wm file: cache/cord-261980-bm0benu2.json key: cord-261980-bm0benu2 authors: Cox, Mougnyan; Ramchand, Preethi; McCabe, Melissa; Hoey, Colin; Lehmann, Jessica; Collinson, Randi; Kung, David; Pukenas, Bryan; Thacker, Ike; Layton, Kennith; Hurst, Robert W.; Sedora-Roman, Neda I. title: Neuroendovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke during Covid-19: A Guide from the Frontlines date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Radiol Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 261980 cord_uid: bm0benu2 file: cache/cord-261967-10mbsqmo.json key: cord-261967-10mbsqmo authors: Xu, Stanley; Clarke, Christina; Shetterly, Susan; Narwaney, Komal title: Estimating the Growth Rate and Doubling Time for Short-Term Prediction and Monitoring Trend During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a SAS Macro date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20057943 sha: doc_id: 261967 cord_uid: 10mbsqmo file: cache/cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.json key: cord-261875-6sdqh9bl authors: Feinman, Jared W.; Roberts, Monique L.; Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes; Adenwala, Adam; Augoustides, John G. title: The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology – strategies for applicants and fellows to navigate the coronavirus crisis date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.057 sha: doc_id: 261875 cord_uid: 6sdqh9bl file: cache/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.json key: cord-261985-ezzcgy6z authors: Musa, Saif A.; Sivaramakrishnan, Anand; Paget, Stephanie; El-Mugamar, Husam title: COVID-19: Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community date: 2020-06-08 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.283 sha: doc_id: 261985 cord_uid: ezzcgy6z file: cache/cord-262010-y1hevlxd.json key: cord-262010-y1hevlxd authors: Zhang, Qiongshuai; Xu, Xiaohong; Sun, Shaoqian; Cao, Fang; Li, Jiannan; Qi, Xun; Ji, Guangcheng; Wang, Yufeng; Song, Bailin title: Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in adjuvant treatment of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-07-10 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021039 sha: doc_id: 262010 cord_uid: y1hevlxd file: cache/cord-262049-c8uzehft.json key: cord-262049-c8uzehft authors: Li, Ruilin; Chen, Youlin; Lv, Jianlin; Liu, Linlin; Zong, Shiqin; Li, Hanxia; Li, Hong title: Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-24 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021413 sha: doc_id: 262049 cord_uid: c8uzehft file: cache/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.json key: cord-261860-gfcm0q3p authors: Fersia, O.; Bryant, S.; Nicholson, R.; McMeeken, K.; Brown, C.; Donaldson, B.; Jardine, A.; Grierson, V.; Whalen, V.; Mackay, A. title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiology Services date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20126458 sha: doc_id: 261860 cord_uid: gfcm0q3p file: cache/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.json key: cord-261899-xv4ulh6u authors: Gao, Yadong title: COVID-19: Risk factors for critical illness date: 2020-08-19 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100507 sha: doc_id: 261899 cord_uid: xv4ulh6u file: cache/cord-262069-j3x08scy.json key: cord-262069-j3x08scy authors: Puglisi, Lisa B.; Malloy, Giovanni S.P.; Harvey, Tyler D.; Brandeau, Margaret L.; Wang, Emily A. title: Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States date: 2020-09-09 journal: Ann Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 262069 cord_uid: j3x08scy file: cache/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.json key: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw authors: Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya; Qiaoan, Runya title: The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Chin Polit Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11366-020-09690-8 sha: doc_id: 261971 cord_uid: rt6uo9pw file: cache/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.json key: cord-262073-7bhoyg4o authors: Tolu, Lemi Belay; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Ezeh, Alex; Gudu, Wondimu title: Managing Resident Workforce and Residency Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review of Adaptive Approaches date: 2020-08-10 journal: Adv Med Educ Pract DOI: 10.2147/amep.s262369 sha: doc_id: 262073 cord_uid: 7bhoyg4o file: cache/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.json key: cord-261711-nmmz9tke authors: Verma, Surabhi; Gustafsson, Anders title: Investigating the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Bus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.057 sha: doc_id: 261711 cord_uid: nmmz9tke file: cache/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.json key: cord-261891-yiiz9s53 authors: Czernichow, Sébastien; Beeker, Nathanael; Rives‐Lange, Claire; Guerot, Emmanuel; Diehl, Jean‐Luc; Katsahian, Sandrine; Hulot, Jean‐Sébastien; Poghosyan, Tigran; Carette, Claire; Sophie Jannot, Anne title: Obesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Paris hospitals, France: a cohort study on 5795 patients date: 2020-08-20 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.23014 sha: doc_id: 261891 cord_uid: yiiz9s53 file: cache/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.json key: cord-262029-zzn74cjr authors: Kang, Chang Kyung; Seong, Moon-Woo; Choi, Su-Jin; Kim, Taek Soo; Choe, Pyoeng Gyun; Song, Sang Hoon; Kim, Nam-Joong; Park, Wan Beom; Oh, Myoung-don title: In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses date: 2020-05-29 journal: Korean J Intern Med DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.157 sha: doc_id: 262029 cord_uid: zzn74cjr file: cache/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.json key: cord-262095-u3ns50lg authors: Whyte, Richard I. title: Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.024 sha: doc_id: 262095 cord_uid: u3ns50lg file: cache/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.json key: cord-262152-gdnc51m5 authors: Chaibi, Sayma; Boussier, Jeremy; Hajj, Weam El; Abitbol, Yael; Taieb, Sarah; Horaist, Clemence; Jouannaud, Vincent; Wang, Pascal; Piquet, Jacques; Maurer, Cyril; Lahmek, Pierre; Nahon, Stéphane title: Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort date: 2020-10-19 journal: Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 262152 cord_uid: gdnc51m5 file: cache/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.json key: cord-262090-nbxzyjvf authors: Acharya, Arpan; Kevadiya, Bhavesh D.; Gendelman, Howard E.; Byrareddy, Siddappa N. title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Neurological Dysfunction date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09924-9 sha: doc_id: 262090 cord_uid: nbxzyjvf file: cache/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.json key: cord-262119-s6hc7fxs authors: Ostaszewski, Marek; Niarakis, Anna; Mazein, Alexander; Kuperstein, Inna; Phair, Robert; Orta-Resendiz, Aurelio; Singh, Vidisha; Aghamiri, Sara Sadat; Acencio, Marcio Luis; Glaab, Enrico; Ruepp, Andreas; Fobo, Gisela; Montrone, Corinna; Brauner, Barbara; Frischman, Goar; Monraz Gómez, Luis Cristóbal; Somers, Julia; Hoch, Matti; Gupta, Shailendra Kumar; Scheel, Julia; Borlinghaus, Hanna; Czauderna, Tobias; Schreiber, Falk; Montagud, Arnau; de Leon, Miguel Ponce; Funahashi, Akira; Hiki, Yusuke; Hiroi, Noriko; Yamada, Takahiro G.; Dräger, Andreas; Renz, Alina; Naveez, Muhammad; Bocskei, Zsolt; Messina, Francesco; Börnigen, Daniela; Fergusson, Liam; Conti, Marta; Rameil, Marius; Nakonecnij, Vanessa; Vanhoefer, Jakob; Schmiester, Leonard; Wang, Muying; Ackerman, Emily E.; Shoemaker, Jason; Zucker, Jeremy; Oxford, Kristie; Teuton, Jeremy; Kocakaya, Ebru; Summak, Gökçe Yağmur; Hanspers, Kristina; Kutmon, Martina; Coort, Susan; Eijssen, Lars; Ehrhart, Friederike; Rex, D. A. B.; Slenter, Denise; Martens, Marvin; Haw, Robin; Jassal, Bijay; Matthews, Lisa; Orlic-Milacic, Marija; Senff Ribeiro, Andrea; Rothfels, Karen; Shamovsky, Veronica; Stephan, Ralf; Sevilla, Cristoffer; Varusai, Thawfeek; Ravel, Jean-Marie; Fraser, Rupsha; Ortseifen, Vera; Marchesi, Silvia; Gawron, Piotr; Smula, Ewa; Heirendt, Laurent; Satagopam, Venkata; Wu, Guanming; Riutta, Anders; Golebiewski, Martin; Owen, Stuart; Goble, Carole; Hu, Xiaoming; Overall, Rupert W.; Maier, Dieter; Bauch, Angela; Gyori, Benjamin M.; Bachman, John A.; Vega, Carlos; Grouès, Valentin; Vazquez, Miguel; Porras, Pablo; Licata, Luana; Iannuccelli, Marta; Sacco, Francesca; Nesterova, Anastasia; Yuryev, Anton; de Waard, Anita; Turei, Denes; Luna, Augustin; Babur, Ozgun; Soliman, Sylvain; Valdeolivas, Alberto; Esteban-Medina, Marina; Peña-Chilet, Maria; Helikar, Tomáš; Puniya, Bhanwar Lal; Modos, Dezso; Treveil, Agatha; Olbei, Marton; De Meulder, Bertrand; Dugourd, Aurélien; Naldi, Aurelien; Noel, Vincent; Calzone, Laurence; Sander, Chris; Demir, Emek; Korcsmaros, Tamas; Freeman, Tom C.; Augé, Franck; Beckmann, Jacques S.; Hasenauer, Jan; Wolkenhauer, Olaf; Wilighagen, Egon L.; Pico, Alexander R.; Evelo, Chris T.; Gillespie, Marc E.; Stein, Lincoln D.; Hermjakob, Henning; D’Eustachio, Peter; Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Dopazo, Joaquin; Valencia, Alfonso; Kitano, Hiroaki; Barillot, Emmanuel; Auffray, Charles; Balling, Rudi; Schneider, Reinhard title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms date: 2020-10-27 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.26.356014 sha: doc_id: 262119 cord_uid: s6hc7fxs file: cache/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.json key: cord-262192-w86qc3fq authors: Balkhair, Abdullah A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases date: 2020-04-21 journal: Oman Med J DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.41 sha: doc_id: 262192 cord_uid: w86qc3fq file: cache/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.json key: cord-262311-vdbk50pl authors: Grant-Kels, Jane M. title: Response to “Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis” date: 2020-04-26 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.112 sha: doc_id: 262311 cord_uid: vdbk50pl file: cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.json key: cord-262169-5x2oop1g authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Alola, Uju Violet; Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu title: The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth date: 2020-10-08 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w sha: doc_id: 262169 cord_uid: 5x2oop1g file: cache/cord-262188-a20vb800.json key: cord-262188-a20vb800 authors: Horisberger, Alice; Moi, Laura; Ribi, Camillo; Comte, Denis title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SLE: beyond the risk of infection date: 2020-05-05 journal: Lupus Sci Med DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000408 sha: doc_id: 262188 cord_uid: a20vb800 file: cache/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.json key: cord-262278-7d6u2tbj authors: Hashemi, Masoud; Taheri, Mehrdad; Aminnejad, Reza title: Anestesia espinhal em pacientes com COVID-19, mais pesquisa é necessária date: 2020-04-24 journal: Rev Bras Anestesiol DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 262278 cord_uid: 7d6u2tbj file: cache/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.json key: cord-262203-tcs36kp9 authors: Berghella, Vincenzo title: Attack on coronavirus disease 2019 from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM date: 2020-04-21 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100119 sha: doc_id: 262203 cord_uid: tcs36kp9 file: cache/cord-262236-1lilrqts.json key: cord-262236-1lilrqts authors: Capone, Stephen; Abramyan, Shogik; Ross, Brent; Rosenberg, Joshua; Zeibeq, John; Vasudevan, Viswanath; Samad, Reza; Gerolemou, Louis; Pinelis, Evgeny; Gasperino, James; Orsini, Jose title: Characterization of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients at a Brooklyn Safety-Net Hospital date: 2020-08-17 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9809 sha: doc_id: 262236 cord_uid: 1lilrqts file: cache/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.json key: cord-262100-z6uv32a0 authors: Wang, Yuanyuan; Hu, Zhishan; Feng, Yi; Wilson, Amanda; Chen, Runsen title: Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak date: 2020-09-14 journal: Mol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00881-6 sha: doc_id: 262100 cord_uid: z6uv32a0 file: cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.json key: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 authors: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 journal: Environ Microbiol DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15118 sha: doc_id: 262104 cord_uid: oig3qrr7 file: cache/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.json key: cord-262343-oo55qvpk authors: Sohal, Sandeep; Mossammat, Mansur title: COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures date: 2020-05-01 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00782 sha: doc_id: 262343 cord_uid: oo55qvpk file: cache/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.json key: cord-262286-flc5f9wh authors: Baral, S. D.; Rucinski, K. B.; Twahirwa Rwema, J. O.; Rao, A.; Prata Menezes, N.; Diouf, D.; Kamarulzaman, A.; Phaswana-Mafuya, N.; Mishra, S. title: The Relationship between the Global Burden of Influenza from 2017-2019 and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134346 sha: doc_id: 262286 cord_uid: flc5f9wh file: cache/cord-262249-9jutus1c.json key: cord-262249-9jutus1c authors: Eshraghian, Ahad; Taghavi, Alireza; Nikeghbalian, Saman; Malek-Hosseini, Seyed Ali title: Reduced rate of hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities during the initial COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-29 journal: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30207-7 sha: doc_id: 262249 cord_uid: 9jutus1c file: cache/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.json key: cord-262403-qw06qqlw authors: López, Luz Polo; Hernández, Tomasa Centella; Calle, Antonio González; Hernández, Víctor Bautista; Jaúrena, Juan Miguel Gil; Doblas, Joaquín Fernández; Ignacio Aramendi Gallardo, José; Rodríguez, Luis Ríos; Alonso, Enrique Ruiz; Boni, Lorenzo; Cejas, Carlos Merino; Jiménez, Juan Miguel Aguilar; Martínez, Félix Serrano; Calvar, Jose María Caffarena title: Cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas en España durante el estado de alarma por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.circv.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 262403 cord_uid: qw06qqlw file: cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.json key: cord-262413-jm4qmpeg authors: Mao, Suling; Huang, Ting; Yuan, Heng; Li, Min; Huang, Xiaomei; Yang, Changxiao; Zhou, Xingyu; Cheng, Xiuwei; Su, Qian; Wu, Xianping title: Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date: 2020-10-08 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09606-4 sha: doc_id: 262413 cord_uid: jm4qmpeg file: cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.json key: cord-262428-erlmyzwn authors: CABARKAPA, Sonja; Nadjidai, Sarah E.; Murgier, Jerome; Ng, Chee H. title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-17 journal: Brain Behav Immun Health DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100144 sha: doc_id: 262428 cord_uid: erlmyzwn file: cache/cord-262454-bccrvapy.json key: cord-262454-bccrvapy authors: Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes; Queiroz de Sousa, Anastasio; Wolkoff, Alexandre Giandoni; Moreira, Marcelo Sampaio; Pinto, Bruno Castro; Valente Takeda, Christianne Fernandes; Rebouças, Eduardo; Vasconcellos Abdon, Ana Paula; Nascimento, Anderson L.A.; Risch, Harvey A. title: Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-31 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101906 sha: doc_id: 262454 cord_uid: bccrvapy file: cache/cord-262198-3slh8aha.json key: cord-262198-3slh8aha authors: Rossell, S.; Neill, E.; Phillipou, A.; Tan, E.; Toh, W. L.; Van Rheenen, T.; Meyer, D. title: An overview of current mental health in the general population of Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COLLATE project date: 2020-07-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155887 sha: doc_id: 262198 cord_uid: 3slh8aha file: cache/cord-262412-bs7quwov.json key: cord-262412-bs7quwov authors: Kaya, Gürkan; Kaya, Aysin; Saurat, Jean-Hilaire title: Clinical and Histopathological Features and Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: Review of the Literature date: 2020-06-30 journal: Dermatopathology (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology7010002 sha: doc_id: 262412 cord_uid: bs7quwov file: cache/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.json key: cord-262467-epqqd8n8 authors: Chen, Jun; Lu, Hongzhou; Melino, Gerry; Boccia, Stefania; Piacentini, Mauro; Ricciardi, Walter; Wang, Ying; Shi, Yufang; Zhu, Tongyu title: COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives date: 2020-06-08 journal: Cell Death Dis DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2603-0 sha: doc_id: 262467 cord_uid: epqqd8n8 file: cache/cord-262499-68vmdqky.json key: cord-262499-68vmdqky authors: Bordi, Licia; Sberna, Giuseppe; Lalle, Eleonora; Piselli, Pierluca; Colavita, Francesca; Nicastri, Emanuele; Antinori, Andrea; Boumis, Evangelo; Petrosillo, Nicola; Marchioni, Luisa; Minnucci, Giulia; D’Agostini, Elena; Castilletti, Concetta; Locatelli, Franco; Zumla, Alimuddin; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria title: Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay date: 2020-10-20 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12101184 sha: doc_id: 262499 cord_uid: 68vmdqky file: cache/cord-262489-cecg3geg.json key: cord-262489-cecg3geg authors: Zhao, Zhanqi; Kung, Wan-Hsuan; Chang, Hou-Tai; Hsu, Yeong-Long; Frerichs, Inéz title: COVID-19 pneumonia: phenotype assessment requires bedside tools date: 2020-05-29 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02973-9 sha: doc_id: 262489 cord_uid: cecg3geg file: cache/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.json key: cord-262375-1ex2ow07 authors: Qun, Sen; Wang, Yulan; Chen, Jun; Huang, Xiang; Guo, Hui; Lu, Zhaohui; Wang, Jinquan; Zheng, Changcheng; Ma, Yan; Zhu, Yuyou; Xia, Daqing; Wang, Yinzhong; He, Hongliang; Wang, Yong; Fei, Mingming; Yin, Yihong; Zheng, Mao; Xu, Yehong; Ge, Wei; Hu, Fuyong; Zhou, Jian title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02160 sha: doc_id: 262375 cord_uid: 1ex2ow07 file: cache/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.json key: cord-262399-yqtbhdwh authors: English, W.; Habib Bedwani, N.; Smith, C.; Doganay, E.; Marsden, M.; Muse, S.; Mak, W. K.; Chana, M.; Eves, J.; Shatkar, V. title: Suspected appendicitis and COVID-19, a change in investigation and management—a multicentre cohort study date: 2020-11-09 journal: Langenbecks Arch Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00423-020-02023-6 sha: doc_id: 262399 cord_uid: yqtbhdwh file: cache/cord-262556-gpnp06je.json key: cord-262556-gpnp06je authors: Behrens, Estuardo; Poggi, Luis; Aparicio, Sergio; Martínez Duartez, Pedro; Rodríguez, Nelson; Zundel, Natan; Ramos Cardoso, Almino; Camacho, Diego; López-Corvalá, Juan Antonio; Vilas-Bôas, Marcos Leão; Laynez, Jorge title: COVID-19: IFSO LAC Recommendations for the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery date: 2020-08-22 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04910-9 sha: doc_id: 262556 cord_uid: gpnp06je file: cache/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.json key: cord-262575-06i2nv0t authors: Caracciolo, Massimo; Macheda, Sebastiano; Labate, Demetrio; Tescione, Marco; La Scala, Stefano; Vadalà, Eugenio; Squillaci, Rosalba; D’Aleo, Francesco; Morabito, Antonella; Garreffa, Cristina; Marciano, Maria Concetta; Oliva, Esther N. title: Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-08-25 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01942 sha: doc_id: 262575 cord_uid: 06i2nv0t file: cache/cord-262631-xslc6olc.json key: cord-262631-xslc6olc authors: Slim, K; Veziant, J title: La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collatérale de la crise du Covid-19? date: 2020-04-06 journal: Journal de chirurgie viscerale DOI: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 262631 cord_uid: xslc6olc file: cache/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.json key: cord-262653-v1to1mrp authors: Asad, H.; Johnston, C.; Blyth, I.; Holborow, A.; Bone, A.; Porter, L.; Tidswell, P.; Healy, B. title: Health Care Workers and Patients as Trojan Horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100073 sha: doc_id: 262653 cord_uid: v1to1mrp file: cache/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.json key: cord-262519-qjolkwsd authors: Xiong, X.; Wong, K. K.-Y.; Chi, S.; Zhou, A.; Tang, J.; Zhou, L.; Chung, P. H.-y.; Chua, G.; Tung, K. T.; Wong, I. C.; Chui, C. S.; Li, X.; Kwan, M. Y.-w.; Wong, W. H.; Ho, M. H.-k.; Chan, G. C.; Cao, G.; Li, K.; Ip, P.; Chen, P.; Tang, S.; Tam, P. K. title: Are COVID-19 infected children with gastrointestinal symptoms different from those without symptoms? A comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 pediatric cases from Wuhan date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084244 sha: doc_id: 262519 cord_uid: qjolkwsd file: cache/cord-262626-yk4e737w.json key: cord-262626-yk4e737w authors: Favaloro, Emmanuel J.; Lippi, Giuseppe title: Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring date: 2020-04-12 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709498 sha: doc_id: 262626 cord_uid: yk4e737w file: cache/cord-262550-oip5m9br.json key: cord-262550-oip5m9br authors: Kumar, S. Udhaya; Kumar, D. Thirumal; Christopher, B. Prabhu; Doss, C. George Priya title: The Rise and Impact of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-22 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00250 sha: doc_id: 262550 cord_uid: oip5m9br file: cache/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.json key: cord-262673-j2ot35lt authors: Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa; Sisson, Brianna; Shukla, Rajni Kant; Wijewantha, Yasasvi; Funderburg, Nicholas T.; Li, Zihai; Hayes, Don; Demberg, Thorsten; Liyanage, Namal P. M. title: Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979 sha: doc_id: 262673 cord_uid: j2ot35lt file: cache/cord-262520-480kgpp2.json key: cord-262520-480kgpp2 authors: Kim, Yun Jeong; Choe, Jae Young; Kwon, Ki Tae; Hwang, Soyoon; Choi, Gyu-Seog; Sohn, Jin Ho; Kim, Jong Kun; Yeo, In Hwan; Cho, Yeon Joo; Ham, Ji Yeon; Song, Kyung Eun; Lee, Nan Young title: How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea’s explosive COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-30 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.376 sha: doc_id: 262520 cord_uid: 480kgpp2 file: cache/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.json key: cord-262708-hctuxrw9 authors: Ramachandra, C.; Sugoor, Pavan; Karjol, Uday; Arjunan, Ravi; Altaf, Syed; Halkud, Rajshekar; Krishnappa, R.; Chavan, Purushotham; Siddappa, K. T.; Shetty, Rathan; Pallavi, V. R.; Rathod, Praveen; Shobha, K.; Sabitha, K. S. title: Outcomes of Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preparedness to Practising Continuous Cancer Care date: 2020-10-19 journal: Indian J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01250-z sha: doc_id: 262708 cord_uid: hctuxrw9 file: cache/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.json key: cord-262780-ilu5oskk authors: Sattui, Sebastian E.; Liew, Jean W.; Graef, Elizabeth R.; Coler-Reilly, Ariella; Berenbaum, Francis; Duarte-García, Alí; Harrison, Carly; Konig, Maximilian F.; Korsten, Peter; Putman, Michael S.; Robinson, Philip C.; Sirotich, Emily; Ugarte-Gil, Manuel F.; Webb, Kate; Young, Kristen J.; Kim, Alfred H.J.; Sparks, Jeffrey A. title: Swinging the pendulum: lessons learned from public discourse concerning hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Expert review of clinical immunology DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1792778 sha: doc_id: 262780 cord_uid: ilu5oskk file: cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.json key: cord-262784-r9gq2oan authors: Tian, Suochen; Chang, Zhenqin; Wang, Yunxia; Wu, Min; Zhang, Wenming; Zhou, Guijie; Zou, Xiuli; Tian, Hui; Xiao, Tingfang; Xing, Junmin; Chen, Juan; Han, Jian; Ning, Kang; Wu, Tiejun title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date: 2020-05-12 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00210 sha: doc_id: 262784 cord_uid: r9gq2oan file: cache/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.json key: cord-262470-nkql7h9x authors: Muus, Christoph; Luecken, Malte D.; Eraslan, Gokcen; Waghray, Avinash; Heimberg, Graham; Sikkema, Lisa; Kobayashi, Yoshihiko; Vaishnav, Eeshit Dhaval; Subramanian, Ayshwarya; Smilie, Christopher; Jagadeesh, Karthik; Duong, Elizabeth Thu; Fiskin, Evgenij; Triglia, Elena Torlai; Ansari, Meshal; Cai, Peiwen; Lin, Brian; Buchanan, Justin; Chen, Sijia; Shu, Jian; Haber, Adam L; Chung, Hattie; Montoro, Daniel T; Adams, Taylor; Aliee, Hananeh; Samuel, J.; Andrusivova, Allon Zaneta; Angelidis, Ilias; Ashenberg, Orr; Bassler, Kevin; Bécavin, Christophe; Benhar, Inbal; Bergenstråhle, Joseph; Bergenstråhle, Ludvig; Bolt, Liam; Braun, Emelie; Bui, Linh T; Chaffin, Mark; Chichelnitskiy, Evgeny; Chiou, Joshua; Conlon, Thomas M; Cuoco, Michael S; Deprez, Marie; Fischer, David S; Gillich, Astrid; Gould, Joshua; Guo, Minzhe; Gutierrez, Austin J; Habermann, Arun C; Harvey, Tyler; He, Peng; Hou, Xiaomeng; Hu, Lijuan; Jaiswal, Alok; Jiang, Peiyong; Kapellos, Theodoros; Kuo, Christin S; Larsson, Ludvig; Kyungtae Lim, Michael A. Leney-Greene; Litviňuková, Monika; Lu, Ji; Maatz, Henrike; Madissoon, Elo; Mamanova, Lira; Manakongtreecheep, Kasidet; Marquette, Charles-Hugo; Mbano, Ian; McAdams, Alexi Marie; Metzger, Ross J; Nabhan, Ahmad N; Nyquist, Sarah K.; Ordovas-Montanes, Jose; Penland, Lolita; Poirion, Olivier B; Poli, Sergio; Qi, CanCan; Reichart, Daniel; Rosas, Ivan; Schupp, Jonas; Sinha, Rahul; Sit, Rene V; Slowikowski, Kamil; Slyper, Michal; Smith, Neal; Sountoulidis, Alex; Strunz, Maximilian; Sun, Dawei; Talavera-López, Carlos; Tan, Peng; Tantivit, Jessica; Travaglini, Kyle J; Tucker, Nathan R.; Vernon, Katherine; Wadsworth, Marc H.; Waldmann, Julia; Wang, Xiuting; Yan, Wenjun; Zhao, William; Ziegler, Carly G. K. title: Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells date: 2020-04-20 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.19.049254 sha: doc_id: 262470 cord_uid: nkql7h9x file: cache/cord-262694-bltihsbt.json key: cord-262694-bltihsbt authors: Sookramanien, Sabrina Pamela; Sookramanien, Sandra Ravina; Shubber, Nour title: Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology - letter to the editor on “Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)”: A correspondence date: 2020-06-02 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.082 sha: doc_id: 262694 cord_uid: bltihsbt file: cache/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.json key: cord-262681-2voe4r7f authors: Kim, Moon-Young; Cheong, Harin; Kim, Hyung-Seok title: Proposal of the Autopsy Guideline for Infectious Diseases: Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era (abridged translation) date: 2020-08-14 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e310 sha: doc_id: 262681 cord_uid: 2voe4r7f file: cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.json key: cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 authors: Ray, Debashree; Salvatore, Maxwell; Bhattacharyya, Rupam; Wang, Lili; Mohammed, Shariq; Purkayastha, Soumik; Halder, Aritra; Rix, Alexander; Barker, Daniel; Kleinsasser, Michael; Zhou, Yiwang; Song, Peter; Bose, Debraj; Banerjee, Mousumi; Baladandayuthapani, Veerabhadran; Ghosh, Parikshit; Mukherjee, Bhramar title: Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date: 2020-04-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067256 sha: doc_id: 262787 cord_uid: 3a3c8ee1 file: cache/cord-262786-otxpc46a.json key: cord-262786-otxpc46a authors: Mohammadi, Soheil; Moosaie, Fatemeh; Aarabi, Mohammad Hadi title: Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms date: 2020-09-01 journal: Mol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02094-y sha: doc_id: 262786 cord_uid: otxpc46a file: cache/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.json key: cord-262863-f07v5uk8 authors: Bertocchi, Ilaria; Foglietta, Federica; Collotta, Debora; Eva, Carola; Brancaleone, Vincenzo; Thiemermann, Christoph; Collino, Massimo title: The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity‐related COVID‐19 exacerbations: lessons for drug repurposing date: 2020-08-09 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15229 sha: doc_id: 262863 cord_uid: f07v5uk8 file: cache/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.json key: cord-262878-ygvbqmxd authors: de Carranza, María; Salazar, Danilo-Eduardo; Troya, Jesús; Alcázar, Roberto; Peña, Cristina; Aragón, Esther; Domínguez, Marta; Torres, Juan; Muñoz-Rivas, Nuria title: Aortic thrombus in patients with severe COVID-19: review of three cases date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02219-z sha: doc_id: 262878 cord_uid: ygvbqmxd file: cache/cord-262909-pixroj1k.json key: cord-262909-pixroj1k authors: Wang, Zhao; He, Yu; Shu, Huaqing; Wang, Ping; Xing, Hui; Zeng, Xiaoqian; Tang, Zhaoming title: High Fluorescent Lymphocytes Are Increased in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16867 sha: doc_id: 262909 cord_uid: pixroj1k file: cache/cord-262699-e628ysw5.json key: cord-262699-e628ysw5 authors: Branstetter, S.; Poulain, T.; Vogel, M.; Meigen, C.; Melter, M.; Seelbach-Goebel, B.; Apfelbacher, C.; Kiess, W.; Kabesch, M.; Koerner, A. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families in Germany date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20206805 sha: doc_id: 262699 cord_uid: e628ysw5 file: cache/cord-262716-hea84shy.json key: cord-262716-hea84shy authors: Pourali, Fatemeh; Afshari, Mahdi; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Javidnia, Javad; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Hessami, Amirhossein title: Relationship between blood group and risk of infection and death in COVID-19: a live meta-analysis date: 2020-08-11 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100743 sha: doc_id: 262716 cord_uid: hea84shy file: cache/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.json key: cord-263055-4f25h9l4 authors: Fogarty, Helen; Townsend, Liam; Ni Cheallaigh, Cliona; Bergin, Colm; Martin‐Loeches, Ignacio; Browne, Paul; Bacon, Christopher L.; Gaule, Richard; Gillett, Alexander; Byrne, Mary; Ryan, Kevin; O'Connell, Niamh; O'Sullivan, Jamie M.; Conlon, Niall; O'Donnell, James S. title: More on COVID‐19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients date: 2020-05-25 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16791 sha: doc_id: 263055 cord_uid: 4f25h9l4 file: cache/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.json key: cord-262945-zfcz0hpd authors: Chow, Lai Chee; Chew, Lee Ping; Leong, Tze Shin; Mohamad Tazuddin, Estrellita Elena; Chua, Hock Hin title: Thrombosis and Bleeding as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection with Polycythemia Vera. A Case Report date: 2020-10-04 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00537-0 sha: doc_id: 262945 cord_uid: zfcz0hpd file: cache/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.json key: cord-262987-7h91n9ro authors: Bin Traiki, Thamer A.; AlShammari, Sulaiman A.; AlAli, Mohammed N.; Aljomah, Nadia A.; Alhassan, Noura S.; Alkhayal, Khayal A.; Al-Obeed, Omar A.; Zubaidi, Ahmad M. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes: A retrospective and cross sectional study date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 262987 cord_uid: 7h91n9ro file: cache/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.json key: cord-262730-1dxeg8ci authors: Barón-Sánchez, J.; Santiago, C.; Goizueta-San Martín, G.; Arca, R.; Fernández, R. title: Smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 262730 cord_uid: 1dxeg8ci file: cache/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.json key: cord-262910-hgmwmrtq authors: Hornuss, D.; Lange, B.; Schroeter, N.; Rieg, S.; Kern, W. V.; Wagner, D. title: Anosmia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083311 sha: doc_id: 262910 cord_uid: hgmwmrtq file: cache/cord-262954-saqo900k.json key: cord-262954-saqo900k authors: Esme, Mert; Koca, Meltem; Dikmeer, Ayse; Balci, Cafer; Ata, Naim; Dogu, Burcu Balam; Cankurtaran, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Meltem; Celik, Osman; Unal, Gulnihal Gokce; Ulgu, Mustafa Mahir; Birinci, Suayip title: Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa219 sha: doc_id: 262954 cord_uid: saqo900k file: cache/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.json key: cord-262928-l2bqcd0l authors: Guarisco, Gloria; Leonetti, Frida title: Covid-19 and diabesity: when a pandemia cross another pandemia date: 2020-07-14 journal: Eat Weight Disord DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00958-9 sha: doc_id: 262928 cord_uid: l2bqcd0l file: cache/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.json key: cord-263002-f3itn0sb authors: Wagener, Frank A. 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G.; Pickkers, Peter; Peterson, Stephen J.; Immenschuh, Stephan; Abraham, Nader G. title: Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-19 journal: Antioxidants (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060540 sha: doc_id: 263002 cord_uid: f3itn0sb file: cache/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.json key: cord-263061-ocplcdiv authors: Rivetti, Luigi; Mantovan, Roberto; Sitta, Nadir; Marinigh, Ricarda; Allocca, Giuseppe; Mohammed, Moemen; Pizzino, Fausto; Nucifora, Giuseppe title: Management of Pacemaker Implantation during COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-24 journal: Case Rep Cardiol DOI: 10.1155/2020/8833660 sha: doc_id: 263061 cord_uid: ocplcdiv file: cache/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.json key: cord-262936-yo6jf3ng authors: Deng, Jia-gang; Hou, Xiao-tao; Zhang, Tie-jun; Bai, Gang; Hao, Er-wei; Chu, Justin Jang Hann; Wattanathorn, Jintanaporn; Sirisa-ard, Panee; Soo Ee, Ch'ng; Low, John; Liu, Chang-xiao title: Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 journal: Chin Herb Med DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 262936 cord_uid: yo6jf3ng file: cache/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.json key: cord-263127-zlenyzn9 authors: Alimohamadi, Yousef; Taghdir, Maryam; Sepandi, Mojtaba title: Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-03-20 journal: J Prev Med Public Health DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.076 sha: doc_id: 263127 cord_uid: zlenyzn9 file: cache/cord-263035-eekytsst.json key: cord-263035-eekytsst authors: Hart, Alexander; Bortolin, Michelangelo; Awoniyi, Oluwafunbi; Alhajjaj, Fahad; Ciottone, Gregory R. title: A Proposed COVID-19 Testing Algorithm date: 2020-06-24 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.218 sha: doc_id: 263035 cord_uid: eekytsst file: cache/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.json key: cord-263064-n4c0m5hn authors: Choudhury, Ivana; Han, Haowei; Manthani, Kaushik; Gandhi, Sandeep; Dabhi, Rameshchandra title: COVID-19 as a Possible Cause of Functional Exhaustion of CD4 and CD8 T-cells and Persistent Cause of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia date: 2020-07-04 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9000 sha: doc_id: 263064 cord_uid: n4c0m5hn file: cache/cord-263057-1pty32l1.json key: cord-263057-1pty32l1 authors: Bhopal, Sunil; Bagaria, Jay; Bhopal, Raj title: Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers date: 2020-05-30 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.047 sha: doc_id: 263057 cord_uid: 1pty32l1 file: cache/cord-263066-umvojci8.json key: cord-263066-umvojci8 authors: Smondack, P.; Gravier, F.-É.; Prieur, G.; Repel, A.; Muir, J.-F.; Cuvelier, A.; Combret, Y.; Medrinal, C.; Bonnevie, T. title: Kinésithérapie et COVID-19 : de la réanimation à la réhabilitation à domicile. Synthèse des recommandations internationales date: 2020-10-13 journal: Rev Mal Respir DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 263066 cord_uid: umvojci8 file: cache/cord-263220-g721fj81.json key: cord-263220-g721fj81 authors: Li, Xiaohu; Qian, Yinfeng; Liu, Bin; Yu, Yongqiang title: Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-03 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200661 sha: doc_id: 263220 cord_uid: g721fj81 file: cache/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.json key: cord-263080-c3bklv8s authors: Inanc, Yusuf; Olgac, Guven; Balci, Merih Kalamanoglu; Kutlu, Cemal Asim title: COVID-19 pneumonia following double-sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer date: 2020-09-30 journal: Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11748-020-01500-5 sha: doc_id: 263080 cord_uid: c3bklv8s file: cache/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.json key: cord-263191-osa3ylkl authors: Pericàs, Juan M.; Cucchiari, David; Torrallardona-Murphy, Orla; Calvo, Júlia; Serralabós, Júlia; Alvés, Elisenda; Agelet, Aleix; Hidalgo, Judit; Alves, Eduarda; Castells, Eva; Seijas, Nuria; Hernández, Carme; Bodro, Marta; Cardozo, Celia; Coloma, Emmanuel; Nicolás, David title: Hospital at home for the management of COVID-19: preliminary experience with 63 patients date: 2020-09-29 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01527-z sha: doc_id: 263191 cord_uid: osa3ylkl file: cache/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.json key: cord-263258-qpzaehg0 authors: Montastruc, François; Thuriot, Samuel; Durrieu, Geneviève title: Hepatic disorders with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-25 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.050 sha: doc_id: 263258 cord_uid: qpzaehg0 file: cache/cord-263235-n8omnki4.json key: cord-263235-n8omnki4 authors: Hassan, Ansar; Arora, Rakesh C.; Adams, Corey; Bouchard, Denis; Cook, Richard; Gunning, Derek; Lamarche, Yoan; Malas, Tarek; Moon, Michael; Ouzounian, Maral; Rao, Vivek; Rubens, Fraser; Tremblay, Philippe; Whitlock, Richard; Moss, Emmanuel; Légaré, Jean-François title: Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-08 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 263235 cord_uid: n8omnki4 file: cache/cord-263099-uhou04sp.json key: cord-263099-uhou04sp authors: Marlais, Matko; Wlodkowski, Tanja; Vivarelli, Marina; Pape, Lars; Tönshoff, Burkhard; Schaefer, Franz; Tullus, Kjell title: The severity of COVID-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication date: 2020-05-13 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30145-0 sha: doc_id: 263099 cord_uid: uhou04sp file: cache/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.json key: cord-263244-dv2baj6j authors: Farooqi, Kanwal M.; Ghoshhajra, Brian B.; Shah, Amee M.; Chelliah, Anjali; Einstein, Andrew J.; Hlavacek, Anthony; Han, B. Kelly title: Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 263244 cord_uid: dv2baj6j file: cache/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.json key: cord-263267-oj7rmy8m authors: Taccone, Fabio S; Gorham, Julie; Vincent, Jean-Louis title: Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base date: 2020-04-15 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30172-7 sha: doc_id: 263267 cord_uid: oj7rmy8m file: cache/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.json key: cord-263241-qzerj9bs authors: Liu, Liu; He, Fan; Cai, Si-Si; Hu, Kai-Li; Yu, Chong; Huang, Yi; Zeng, Rui; Xu, Gang title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction date: 2020-08-20 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000945 sha: doc_id: 263241 cord_uid: qzerj9bs file: cache/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.json key: cord-263292-qjfe2t9v authors: Sansone, A.; Mollaioli, D.; Ciocca, G.; Limoncin, E.; Colonnello, E.; Vena, W.; Jannini, E. A. title: Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Endocrinol Invest DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01350-1 sha: doc_id: 263292 cord_uid: qjfe2t9v file: cache/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.json key: cord-263285-89zqgqx1 authors: Sethi, Sanjum S.; Zilinyi, Robert; Green, Philip; Eisenberger, Andrew; Brodie, Daniel; Agerstrand, Cara; Takeda, Koji; Kirtane, Ajay J.; Parikh, Sahil A.; Rosenzweig, Erika B. title: Right Ventricular Clot in Transit in COVID-19: Implications for the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team date: 2020-05-29 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.05.034 sha: doc_id: 263285 cord_uid: 89zqgqx1 file: cache/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.json key: cord-263365-ymnbktm5 authors: Dube, Geoffrey K.; Husain, S. Ali; McCune, Kasi R.; Sandoval, P. Rodrigo; Ratner, Lloyd E.; Cohen, David J. title: COVID‐19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients date: 2020-06-09 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13359 sha: doc_id: 263365 cord_uid: ymnbktm5 file: cache/cord-263231-tz97u731.json key: cord-263231-tz97u731 authors: Muniz-Pardos, Borja; Shurlock, Jonathan; Debruyne, Andre; Steinacker, Juergen M.; Börjesson, Mats; Wolfarth, Bernd; Bilzon, James L. J.; Löllgen, Herbert; Ionescu, Anca; Zupet, Petra; Dohi, Michiko; Swart, Jeroen; Badtieva, Victoriya; Zelenkova, Irina; Casasco, Maurizio; Geistlinger, Michael; Bachl, Norbert; Tsofliou, Fotini; Di Luigi, Luigi; Bigard, Xavier; Papadopoulou, Theodora; Webborn, Nick; Singleton, Patrick; Miller, Mike; Pigozzi, Fabio; Pitsiladis, Yannis P. title: Collateral Health Issues Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 journal: Sports Med Open DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00267-6 sha: doc_id: 263231 cord_uid: tz97u731 file: cache/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.json key: cord-263363-2um8ntvi authors: de Havenon, Adam; Ney, John P.; Callaghan, Brian; Yaghi, Shadi; Majersik, Jennifer J. title: Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10084-2 sha: doc_id: 263363 cord_uid: 2um8ntvi file: cache/cord-263308-q0iriid8.json key: cord-263308-q0iriid8 authors: Piano, Carla; Di Stasio, Enrico; Primiano, Guido; Janiri, Delfina; Luigetti, Marco; Frisullo, Giovanni; Vollono, Catello; Lucchini, Matteo; Brunetti, Valerio; Monforte, Mauro; Guglielmi, Valeria; Della Marca, Giacomo; Evoli, Amelia; Marra, Camillo; Mirabella, Massimiliano; Quaranta, Davide; Ricci, Enzo; Servidei, Serenella; Silvestri, Gabriella; Bellavia, Simone; Bortolani, Sara; Bove, Francesco; Di Iorio, Riccardo; Di Paolantonio, Andrea; Genovese, Danilo; Ialongo, Tamara; Lo Monaco, Maria Rita; Marotta, Jessica; Patanella, Agata Katia; Perna, Alessia; Petracca, Martina; Presicce, Giorgia; Riso, Vittorio; Rollo, Eleonora; Romano, Angela; Romozzi, Marina; Sancricca, Cristina; Scala, Irene; Spagni, Gregorio; Solito, Marcella; Tricoli, Luca; Zinzi, Paola; Calabresi, Paolo; Bentivoglio, Anna Rita title: An Italian Neurology Outpatient Clinic Facing SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Data From 2,167 Patients date: 2020-05-29 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00564 sha: doc_id: 263308 cord_uid: q0iriid8 file: cache/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.json key: cord-263214-h6lkvlj3 authors: Bassi, Massimiliano; Anile, Marco; Pecoraro, Ylenia; Ruberto, Franco; Martelli, Sabina; Piazzolla, Mario; Pugliese, Francesco; Venuta, Federico; De Giacomo, Tiziano title: BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-04-22 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.009 sha: doc_id: 263214 cord_uid: h6lkvlj3 file: cache/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.json key: cord-263474-v5fbahqb authors: Barsky, Lili L.; Ebinger, Joseph E.; Alotaibi, Mona; Jain, Mohit; Torbati, Sam; Rosen, Bradley T.; Cheng, Susan title: Efficacy of clinical evaluations for COVID-19 on the front line date: 2020-11-07 journal: Int J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1186/s12245-020-00313-w sha: doc_id: 263474 cord_uid: v5fbahqb file: cache/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.json key: cord-263371-1ozoq3hb authors: Togun, Toyin; Kampmann, Beate; Stoker, Neil Graham; Lipman, Marc title: Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes date: 2020-05-23 journal: Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00363-1 sha: doc_id: 263371 cord_uid: 1ozoq3hb file: cache/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.json key: cord-263422-ojdcag0r authors: Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title: Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date: 2020-07-20 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 263422 cord_uid: ojdcag0r file: cache/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.json key: cord-263435-rclo9jv4 authors: Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad; Bechri, Hajar; Hakkou, El Mehdi; Melhaoui, Adyl; Arkha, Yasser; El Ouahabi, Abdessamad title: Letter: Neurosurgical Patients’ Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center date: 2020-05-01 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa182 sha: doc_id: 263435 cord_uid: rclo9jv4 file: cache/cord-263494-u4tca4es.json key: cord-263494-u4tca4es authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez, Diana; Arrogante, Oscar title: Simulated Video Consultations as a Learning Tool in Undergraduate Nursing: Students’ Perceptions date: 2020-08-20 journal: Healthcare (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030280 sha: doc_id: 263494 cord_uid: u4tca4es file: cache/cord-263318-v079kur6.json key: cord-263318-v079kur6 authors: Amaro, Rommie E.; Mulholland, Adrian J. title: A Community Letter Regarding Sharing Biomolecular Simulation Data for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 journal: J Chem Inf Model DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00319 sha: doc_id: 263318 cord_uid: v079kur6 file: cache/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.json key: cord-263301-7gw6a6nv authors: Sakelliadis, Emmanouil I.; Katsos, Konstantinos D.; Zouzia, Evmorfili I.; Spiliopoulou, Chara A.; Tsiodras, Sotirios title: Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Characteristics of Autopsy Cases in Greece. Comparison between 2019 and 2020 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Forensic Sci Int DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110365 sha: doc_id: 263301 cord_uid: 7gw6a6nv file: cache/cord-263518-6puccigu.json key: cord-263518-6puccigu authors: Maarefvand, Masoomeh; Hosseinzadeh, Samaneh; Farmani, Ozra; Safarabadi Farahani, Atefeh; Khubchandani, Jagdish title: Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians date: 2020-06-20 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124441 sha: doc_id: 263518 cord_uid: 6puccigu file: cache/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.json key: cord-263530-t9ryky6f authors: Kamal, Yasmine Mohamed; Abdelmajid, Yasmin; Al Madani, Abubaker Abdul Rahman title: Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully date: 2020-09-16 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237378 sha: doc_id: 263530 cord_uid: t9ryky6f file: cache/cord-263300-qfquedya.json key: cord-263300-qfquedya authors: Ruthberg, Jeremy S.; Quereshy, Humzah A.; Jella, Tarun; Kocharyan, Armine; D'Anza, Brian; Maronian, Nicole; Otteson, Todd D. title: Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 and otolaryngologists above age 60() date: 2020-04-30 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102514 sha: doc_id: 263300 cord_uid: qfquedya file: cache/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.json key: cord-263552-6qhb02l2 authors: Chokroverty, Sudhansu title: The Many Faces and Fangs of COVID-19: An Editorial date: 2020-06-05 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 263552 cord_uid: 6qhb02l2 file: cache/cord-263457-puf8gjir.json key: cord-263457-puf8gjir authors: Jayarangaiah, Apoorva; Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha; Chen, Xiaoyi; Jayarangaiah, Amog; Kumar, Abhishek title: COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy: An Exacerbated Immunothrombosis Response date: 2020-07-31 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620943293 sha: doc_id: 263457 cord_uid: puf8gjir file: cache/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.json key: cord-263321-pzmo4hja authors: Roach, P.; Zwiers, A.; Cox, E.; Fischer, K.; Charlton, A.; Josephson, C. B.; Patten, S. B.; Seitz, D.; Ismail, Z.; Smith, E. E.; Collaborators, Prompt title: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 sha: doc_id: 263321 cord_uid: pzmo4hja file: cache/cord-263569-x06dked1.json key: cord-263569-x06dked1 authors: Bobenchik, April M.; Maslow, Andrew D.; Angus, Aimee B.; Murphy, John; Kurtis, Jonathan D.; Chapin, Kimberle C. title: Testing the asymptomatic pre-surgical population for SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.041 sha: doc_id: 263569 cord_uid: x06dked1 file: cache/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.json key: cord-263647-svvvwiqs authors: Han, Jimin; Kim, Eun Young title: Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-03-30 journal: Clin Endosc DOI: 10.5946/ce.2020.076 sha: doc_id: 263647 cord_uid: svvvwiqs file: cache/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.json key: cord-263627-8ufjh70o authors: Liang, Li-Lin; Tseng, Ching-Hung; Ho, Hsiu J.; Wu, Chun-Ying title: Covid-19 mortality is negatively associated with test number and government effectiveness date: 2020-07-24 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68862-x sha: doc_id: 263627 cord_uid: 8ufjh70o file: cache/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.json key: cord-263631-xna0qtpu authors: Geng, Jianping; Yu, Jun; Lu, Tao; Wang, Yinhe; Cao, Yang title: A Silent Infection Pandemic of COVID-19: Epidemiological Investigation and Hypothetical Models date: 2020-07-05 journal: Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol DOI: 10.1155/2020/5120253 sha: doc_id: 263631 cord_uid: xna0qtpu file: cache/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.json key: cord-263669-d4r4t6ls authors: Wang, Zhichao; Wang, Wei; Bai, Ting; Di, Meihua; Zan, Tao; Gu, Bin; Li, Shengli; Li, Qingfeng title: Our Experiences with Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-13 journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002868 sha: doc_id: 263669 cord_uid: d4r4t6ls file: cache/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.json key: cord-263670-irhdf4o2 authors: Fried, Jacob; Imam, Sarah A.; Lee, Joshua A.; Nguyen, Shaun A. title: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 journal: World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.007 sha: doc_id: 263670 cord_uid: irhdf4o2 file: cache/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.json key: cord-263521-kv3l41qz authors: Haigh, Kathryn; Syrimi, Zoe Joanna; Irvine, Sharon; Blanchard, Tom J.; Pervaiz, Muhammad Sajid; Toth, Arpad G.; Ratcliffe, Libuse title: Hyperinflammation with Covid-19: the key to patient deterioration?()() date: 2020-05-24 journal: Clin Infect Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100033 sha: doc_id: 263521 cord_uid: kv3l41qz file: cache/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.json key: cord-263568-ea3k2i69 authors: Price, Elizabeth title: Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? date: 2020-07-22 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03182-0 sha: doc_id: 263568 cord_uid: ea3k2i69 file: cache/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.json key: cord-263664-isgcm4lj authors: Lee, Justin; Yousaf, Ahmed; Fang, Wei; Kolodney, Michael title: Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. date: 2020-07-22 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.062 sha: doc_id: 263664 cord_uid: isgcm4lj file: cache/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.json key: cord-263625-gqzly8xw authors: Dighe, Amy; Cattarino, Lorenzo; Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina; Skarp, Janetta; Imai, Natsuko; Bhatia, Sangeeta; Gaythorpe, Katy A. M.; Ainslie, Kylie E. C.; Baguelin, Marc; Bhatt, Samir; Boonyasiri, Adhiratha; Brazeau, Nicholas F.; Cooper, Laura V.; Coupland, Helen; Cucunuba, Zulma; Dorigatti, Ilaria; Eales, Oliver D.; van Elsland, Sabine L.; FitzJohn, Richard G.; Green, William D.; Haw, David J.; Hinsley, Wes; Knock, Edward; Laydon, Daniel J.; Mellan, Thomas; Mishra, Swapnil; Nedjati-Gilani, Gemma; Nouvellet, Pierre; Pons-Salort, Margarita; Thompson, Hayley A.; Unwin, H. Juliette T.; Verity, Robert; Vollmer, Michaela A. C.; Walters, Caroline E.; Watson, Oliver J.; Whittaker, Charles; Whittles, Lilith K.; Ghani, Azra C.; Donnelly, Christl A.; Ferguson, Neil M.; Riley, Steven title: Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions date: 2020-10-09 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01791-8 sha: doc_id: 263625 cord_uid: gqzly8xw file: cache/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.json key: cord-263628-ac9gld5l authors: Sivapalan, Pradeesh; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Lappere, Therese Sophie; Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria; Shaker, Saher Burhan; Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz; Browatzki, Andrea; Meyer, Christian Niels; Weinreich, Ulla Møller; Laursen, Christian B.; Biering-Sørensen, Tor; Knop, Filip Krag; Lundgren, Jens D.; Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr title: Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan date: 2020-10-20 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04795-0 sha: doc_id: 263628 cord_uid: ac9gld5l file: cache/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.json key: cord-263572-h7ya60k5 authors: Taboada, Manuel; Bermúdez, Anaberta; Pérez, María; Campaña, Olga title: Supine versus Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Comment date: 2020-08-17 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003511 sha: doc_id: 263572 cord_uid: h7ya60k5 file: cache/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.json key: cord-263674-kngz6j9q authors: Chen, Xing; Yan, Li; Fei, Yang; Zhang, Chi title: Laboratory abnormalities and risk factors associated with in‐hospital death in patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 journal: J Clin Lab Anal DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23467 sha: doc_id: 263674 cord_uid: kngz6j9q file: cache/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.json key: cord-263544-6ueqx53v authors: Mauri, Eleonora; Abati, Elena; Musumeci, Olimpia; Rodolico, Carmelo; D’Angelo, Maria Grazia; Mirabella, Massimiliano; Lucchini, Matteo; Bello, Luca; Pegoraro, Elena; Maggi, Lorenzo; Manneschi, Letizia; Gemelli, Chiara; Grandis, Marina; Zuppa, Angela; Massucco, Sara; Benedetti, Luana; Caponnetto, Claudia; Schenone, Angelo; Prelle, Alessandro; Previtali, Stefano C.; Scarlato, Marina; D’Amico, Adele; Bertini, Enrico; Pennisi, Elena M.; De Giglio, Laura; Pane, Marika; Mercuri, Eugenio; Mongini, Tiziana; Ricci, Federica; Berardinelli, Angela; Astrea, Guja; Lenzi, Sara; Battini, Roberta; Ricci, Giulia; Torri, Francesca; Siciliano, Gabriele; Santorelli, Filippo M.; Ariatti, Alessandra; Filosto, Massimiliano; Passamano, Luigia; Politano, Luisa; Scutifero, Marianna; Tonin, Paola; Fossati, Barbara; Panicucci, Chiara; Bruno, Claudio; Ravaglia, Sabrina; Monforte, Mauro; Tasca, Giorgio; Ricci, Enzo; Petrucci, Antonio; Santoro, Lucio; Ruggiero, Lucia; Barp, Andrea; Albamonte, Emilio; Sansone, Valeria; Gagliardi, Delia; Costamagna, Gianluca; Govoni, Alessandra; Magri, Francesca; Brusa, Roberta; Velardo, Daniele; Meneri, Megi; Sciacco, Monica; Corti, Stefania; Bresolin, Nereo; Moroni, Isabella; Messina, Sonia; Di Muzio, Antonio; Nigro, Vincenzo; Liguori, Rocco; Antonini, Giovanni; Toscano, Antonio; Minetti, Carlo; Comi, Giacomo Pietro title: Estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services provided by Italian Neuromuscular Centers: an Italian Association of Myology survey of the acute phase date: 2020-06-01 journal: Acta Myol DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-008 sha: doc_id: 263544 cord_uid: 6ueqx53v file: cache/cord-263754-iv21q46l.json key: cord-263754-iv21q46l authors: Cuadrado, Antonio; Pajares, Marta; Benito, Cristina; Jiménez-Villegas, José; Escoll, Maribel; Fernández-Ginés, Raquel; Garcia Yagüe, Angel J.; Lastra, Diego; Manda, Gina; Rojo, Ana I.; Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T. title: Can activation of NRF2 be a strategy against COVID-19? date: 2020-07-14 journal: Trends Pharmacol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 263754 cord_uid: iv21q46l file: cache/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.json key: cord-263840-1t4ykc01 authors: Altay, Ozlem; Mohammadi, Elyas; Lam, Simon; Turkez, Hasan; Boren, Jan; Nielsen, Jens; Uhlen, Mathias; Mardinoglu, Adil title: Current status of COVID-19 therapies and drug repositioning applications date: 2020-06-20 journal: iScience DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101303 sha: doc_id: 263840 cord_uid: 1t4ykc01 file: cache/cord-263753-p3evgngz.json key: cord-263753-p3evgngz authors: Magoon, Rohan title: Dexmedetomidine in COVID-19: probing promises with prudence! date: 2020-10-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.034 sha: doc_id: 263753 cord_uid: p3evgngz file: cache/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.json key: cord-263736-n4mjdlgx authors: Pinto, A. C. P. N.; Rocha, A. P.; Milby, K. M. M.; Rocha Filho, C. R.; Reis, F. S. A.; Carvas Junior, N.; Civile, V. T.; Santos, R. R. P.; Trevisani, G. F. M.; Ferla, L. J.; Ramalho, G. S.; Puga, M. E. S.; Trevisani, V. F. M.; Atallah, A. N. title: Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088823 sha: doc_id: 263736 cord_uid: n4mjdlgx file: cache/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.json key: cord-263749-bbhh5xb1 authors: Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée; Rodríguez-Pérez, Noel; Arias-Cruz, Alfredo; Blandón-Vijil, María Virginia; Del-Río-Navarro, Blanca E.; Estrada-Cardona, Alan; Gereda, José E.; Luna-Pech, Jorge A.; Navarrete-Rodríguez, Elsy Maureen; Onuma-Takane, Ernesto; Pozo-Beltrán, César Fireth; Rojo-Gutiérrez, María Isabel title: Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: trying to untangle facts from fictions date: 2020-10-09 journal: World Allergy Organ J DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476 sha: doc_id: 263749 cord_uid: bbhh5xb1 file: cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.json key: cord-263703-5csf9z6s authors: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V.; Ott, J. J.; Klett-Tammen, C. J.; Bockey, A.; Vanella, P.; Krause, G.; Lange, B. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165050 sha: doc_id: 263703 cord_uid: 5csf9z6s file: cache/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.json key: cord-263716-ywsm11aw authors: Zhou, Yifan; Li, Wei; Wang, David; Mao, Ling; Jin, Huijuan; Li, Yanan; Hong, Candong; Chen, Shengcai; Chang, Jiang; He, Quanwei; Wang, Mengdie; Hu, Bo title: Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management date: 2020-05-04 journal: Stroke Vasc Neurol DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000398 sha: doc_id: 263716 cord_uid: ywsm11aw file: cache/cord-263801-01goni72.json key: cord-263801-01goni72 authors: Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão; Duarte, Gisleia Benini; da Penha Sobral, Ana Iza Gomes; Marinho, Marcelo Luiz Monteiro; de Souza Melo, André title: Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-10 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997 sha: doc_id: 263801 cord_uid: 01goni72 file: cache/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.json key: cord-263763-a8wgvgz2 authors: Çelik, Ersin; Çora, Ahmet Rıfkı title: Treatment Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Seen Early After Open Heart Surgery. Case Report date: 2020-07-02 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00377-y sha: doc_id: 263763 cord_uid: a8wgvgz2 file: cache/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.json key: cord-263613-gh9zm05u authors: Yu, Jingjing; Hua, Fang; Qin, Danchen; Zhao, Dan; Li, Zhiyong title: Impact of citywide COVID‐19 testing on people’s behaviour in seeking for dental services in Wuhan date: 2020-08-16 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13613 sha: doc_id: 263613 cord_uid: gh9zm05u file: cache/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.json key: cord-263940-dzb5idx2 authors: Martinez-Lopez, J.; Mateos, M.-V.; Encinas, C.; Sureda, A.; Hernandez-Rivas, J. A.; Lopez de la Guia, A.; Conde, D.; Krsnik, I.; Prieto, E.; Riaza Grau, R.; Gironella, M.; Blanchard, M. J.; Caminos, N.; Fernandez de Larrea, C.; Senin, M. A.; Escalante, F.; de la Puerta, J. E.; Gimenez, E.; Martinez-Barranco, P.; Mateos, J. J.; Casado, L. F.; Blade, J.; Lahuerta, J. J.; De La Cruz, J.; San-Miguel, J. title: Multiple Myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Inpatient Mortality date: 2020-06-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142455 sha: doc_id: 263940 cord_uid: dzb5idx2 file: cache/cord-263861-7a076c90.json key: cord-263861-7a076c90 authors: Hossien Mehrsafar, Amir; Gazerani, Parisa; Moghadam Zadeh, Ali; Carlos Jaenes Sánchez, José title: Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes date: 2020-05-06 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 263861 cord_uid: 7a076c90 file: cache/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.json key: cord-263901-hmqq9w1a authors: Yurdaisik, Isil title: Effectiveness of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus-2019 date: 2020-05-15 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8134 sha: doc_id: 263901 cord_uid: hmqq9w1a file: cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.json key: cord-263936-8yud5o6c authors: Wang, Gary X.; Chou, Shinn-Huey S.; Lamb, Leslie R.; Narayan, Anand K.; Dontchos, Brian N.; Lehman, Constance D.; Miles, Randy C. title: Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date: 2020-10-03 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 263936 cord_uid: 8yud5o6c file: cache/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.json key: cord-263968-v9sncm4l authors: Ahmed, Anwar E. title: Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections date: 2020-04-22 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101693 sha: doc_id: 263968 cord_uid: v9sncm4l file: cache/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.json key: cord-263738-8g5ujfaf authors: Qian, Jing-Yi; Wang, Bin; Liu, Bi-Cheng title: Acute Kidney Injury in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-06-18 journal: Kidney Dis (Basel) DOI: 10.1159/000509086 sha: doc_id: 263738 cord_uid: 8g5ujfaf file: cache/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.json key: cord-263908-4ti8l2ea authors: Gupta, Ritesh; Hussain, Akhtar; Misra, Anoop title: Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions date: 2020-05-13 journal: Eur J Clin Nutr DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0652-1 sha: doc_id: 263908 cord_uid: 4ti8l2ea file: cache/cord-263945-yli5suxb.json key: cord-263945-yli5suxb authors: Iancu, Gabriela Mariana; Solomon, Adelaida; Birlutiu, Victoria title: Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report date: 2020-08-28 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021810 sha: doc_id: 263945 cord_uid: yli5suxb file: cache/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.json key: cord-264051-ps0x2es1 authors: Li, Wei; Yang, Shuai; Xu, Peng; Zhang, Dapeng; Tong, Ying; Chen, Lu; Jia, Ben; Li, Ang; Ru, Daoping; Zhang, Baolong; Liu, Mengxing; Lian, Cheng; Chen, Cancan; Fu, Weihui; Yuan, Songhua; Ren, Xiaoguang; Liang, Ying; Yang, Zhicong; Li, Wenxuan; Wang, Shaoxuan; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Lu, Hongzhou; Xu, Jianqing; Wang, Hailing; Yu, Wenqiang title: Human Identical Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Promote Clinical Progression of COVID-19 by Upregulating Hyaluronan via NamiRNA-Enhancer Network date: 2020-11-05 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.361576 sha: doc_id: 264051 cord_uid: ps0x2es1 file: cache/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.json key: cord-263993-gbbkcwo7 authors: Salazar, Leonardo Alberto; Uribe, Juan David; Henao, Claudia Marcela Poveda; Santacruz, Carlos Miguel; Enfermera, Estefanía Giraldo Bejarano; Bautista, Diego Fernando; Alejandro Rey, José; Giraldo-Ramírez, Nelson title: CONSENSO ECMO COLOMBIANO PARA PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADA A COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 263993 cord_uid: gbbkcwo7 file: cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.json key: cord-263883-7ba0huwy authors: Ansarin, Khalil; Tolouian, Ramin; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Taghizadieh, Ali; Varshochi, Mojtaba; Teimouri, Soheil; Vaezi, Tahere; Valizadeh, Hamed; Saleh, Parviz; Safiri, Saeid; Chapman, Kenneth R. title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 journal: Bioimpacts DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.27 sha: doc_id: 263883 cord_uid: 7ba0huwy file: cache/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.json key: cord-264080-fbp9rr5z authors: Coppola, Alessandro; Coppola, Roberto title: An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) date: 2020-05-19 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.048 sha: doc_id: 264080 cord_uid: fbp9rr5z file: cache/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.json key: cord-264128-o3p92gx0 authors: Ahmar, Ansari Saleh; Boj, Eva title: Will Covid-19 confirmed cases in the USA reach 3 million? A forecasting approach using SutteARIMA date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2020.100002 sha: doc_id: 264128 cord_uid: o3p92gx0 file: cache/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.json key: cord-264136-jjtsd4n3 authors: Ferstad, Johannes Opsahl; Gu, Angela Jessica; Lee, Raymond Ye; Thapa, Isha; Shin, Andrew Y; Salomon, Joshua A; Glynn, Peter; Shah, Nigam H; Milstein, Arnold; Schulman, Kevin; Scheinker, David title: A model to forecast regional demand for COVID-19 related hospital beds date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044842 sha: doc_id: 264136 cord_uid: jjtsd4n3 file: cache/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.json key: cord-263882-s5oxr6es authors: Najar Nobar, Niloufar; Goodarzi, Azadeh title: Patients with specific skin disorders who are affected by COVID‐19: what do experiences say about management strategies? : A systematic review date: 2020-06-18 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13867 sha: doc_id: 263882 cord_uid: s5oxr6es file: cache/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.json key: cord-264148-qpcvxwti authors: He, Feng; Deng, Yu; Li, Weina title: Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? date: 2020-03-28 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25766 sha: doc_id: 264148 cord_uid: qpcvxwti file: cache/cord-264143-30h09e1k.json key: cord-264143-30h09e1k authors: Kim, M. S.; Kim, W. J.; An, M. H. title: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20103697 sha: doc_id: 264143 cord_uid: 30h09e1k file: cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.json key: cord-264037-43yr6qon authors: Kang, Yun-Jung title: Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date: 2020-05-07 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.141 sha: doc_id: 264037 cord_uid: 43yr6qon file: cache/cord-264052-uph136sn.json key: cord-264052-uph136sn authors: Wilson, Mitchell P; Jack, Andrew S title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature date: 2020-04-23 journal: Clin Neurol Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105866 sha: doc_id: 264052 cord_uid: uph136sn file: cache/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.json key: cord-264206-u9c8rrrv authors: Pata, Ugur Korkut title: How is COVID-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test date: 2020-07-15 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00877-9 sha: doc_id: 264206 cord_uid: u9c8rrrv file: cache/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.json key: cord-264260-8p6pvjkn authors: Peng, Hongbing; Gong, Tiefeng; Huang, Xiaoying; Sun, Xun; Luo, Hong; Wang, Weizhong; Luo, Junbiao; Luo, Baowei; Chen, Yanhui; Wang, Xingxing; Long, Haifeng; Mei, Hua; Li, Chuang; Dai, Yanni; Li, Honghui title: A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report date: 2020-07-16 journal: Stem Cell Res Ther DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01802-8 sha: doc_id: 264260 cord_uid: 8p6pvjkn file: cache/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.json key: cord-264180-0vd3tr9j authors: Gupta, Anupam K; Jackson, Max; Genuit, Thomas; Roberts, John title: Is It Safe to Perform Lung Surgery During the Coronavirus Pandemic? date: 2020-08-14 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9749 sha: doc_id: 264180 cord_uid: 0vd3tr9j file: cache/cord-264237-s14pygkh.json key: cord-264237-s14pygkh authors: Wallis, Neil; Gust, Carmen; Porter, Emily; Gilchrist, Neil; Amaral, Angel title: Implementation of field hospital pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa211 sha: doc_id: 264237 cord_uid: s14pygkh file: cache/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.json key: cord-264277-mh6og6pq authors: Atallah, Juliana; Shah, Shreena; Toy, Dennis; Dodelzon, Katerina; Schweitzer, Andrew D. title: The importance of imaging – Perspectives from redeployment date: 2020-10-13 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 264277 cord_uid: mh6og6pq file: cache/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.json key: cord-264226-9tgnx7du authors: Caramelo, Francisco; Ferreira, Nuno; Oliveiros, Barbara title: Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results date: 2020-02-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.24.20027268 sha: doc_id: 264226 cord_uid: 9tgnx7du file: cache/cord-264145-73e61rlq.json key: cord-264145-73e61rlq authors: Belančić, Andrej title: Gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia - Additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity date: 2020-09-18 journal: Obes Med DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100302 sha: doc_id: 264145 cord_uid: 73e61rlq file: cache/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.json key: cord-264248-wqkphg2e authors: Hazem, Y.; Natarajan, S.; Berikaa, E. title: Hasty Reduction of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures Leads to the Second Wave of Infection date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111526 sha: doc_id: 264248 cord_uid: wqkphg2e file: cache/cord-264073-yhztrscf.json key: cord-264073-yhztrscf authors: Betonico, Gustavo Navarro; Lima, Emerson Quintino; Tome, Ana Carolina Nakamura title: Challenges in COVID‐19 medical response: a nephrology perspective date: 2020-06-20 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13328 sha: doc_id: 264073 cord_uid: yhztrscf file: cache/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.json key: cord-264220-xfptlkuc authors: Tan, Chaochao; Huang, Ying; Shi, Fengxia; Tan, Kui; Ma, Qionghui; Chen, Yong; Jiang, Xixin; Li, Xiaosong title: C‐reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID‐19 early date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25871 sha: doc_id: 264220 cord_uid: xfptlkuc file: cache/cord-264113-dh74pv64.json key: cord-264113-dh74pv64 authors: Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, J.; Lopez-Rodas, V.; Costas, E. title: Groundbreaking predictions about COVID-19 pandemic duration, number of infected and dead: A novel mathematical approach never used in epidemiology date: 2020-08-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.20168781 sha: doc_id: 264113 cord_uid: dh74pv64 file: cache/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.json key: cord-264204-4ablrwuo authors: Guintivano, Jerry; Dick, Danielle; Bulik, Cynthia M title: Psychiatric Genomics Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Researchers date: 2020-10-08 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.331421 sha: doc_id: 264204 cord_uid: 4ablrwuo file: cache/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.json key: cord-264356-3zu4w0a9 authors: Ino, Hiroyasu title: Vaccine mandate in long‐term care facilities date: 2020-10-01 journal: Geriatr Gerontol Int DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14023 sha: doc_id: 264356 cord_uid: 3zu4w0a9 file: cache/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.json key: cord-264264-7j3xirfg authors: TüRsen, Ümit; Türsen, Belma; Lotti, Torello title: CORONAVIRUS‐DAYS IN DERMATOLOGY date: 2020-04-15 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13421 sha: doc_id: 264264 cord_uid: 7j3xirfg file: cache/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.json key: cord-264449-p3tgjuj4 authors: Majumdar, PK; Gupta, RK title: Orthopaedic Surgery in Times of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-07-17 journal: Malays Orthop J DOI: 10.5704/moj.2007.005 sha: doc_id: 264449 cord_uid: p3tgjuj4 file: cache/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.json key: cord-264295-7ojvhwb0 authors: Maddaloni, Ernesto; D’Onofrio, Luca; Alessandri, Francesco; Mignogna, Carmen; Leto, Gaetano; Pascarella, Giuseppe; Mezzaroma, Ivano; Lichtner, Miriam; Pozzilli, Paolo; Agrò, Felice Eugenio; Rocco, Monica; Pugliese, Francesco; Lenzi, Andrea; Holman, Rury R.; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria; Buzzetti, Raffaella title: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse Covid-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: a multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II) date: 2020-10-01 journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01140-2 sha: doc_id: 264295 cord_uid: 7ojvhwb0 file: cache/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.json key: cord-264535-zhz9wzh9 authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26090 sha: doc_id: 264535 cord_uid: zhz9wzh9 file: cache/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.json key: cord-264538-hzb2fkj5 authors: Tadic, Marijana; Cuspidi, Cesare; Grassi, Guido; Mancia, Giuseppe title: COVID‐19 and arterial hypertension: Hypothesis or evidence? date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) DOI: 10.1111/jch.13925 sha: doc_id: 264538 cord_uid: hzb2fkj5 file: cache/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.json key: cord-264287-lq4awi0i authors: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan; Wagner, Kathryn R.; Apkon, Susan; McDonald, Craig M.; Mathews, Katherine D.; Parsons, Julie A.; Wong, Brenda L.; Eichinger, Katy; Shieh, Perry B.; Butterfield, Russell J.; Rao, Vamshi K.; Smith, Edward C.; Proud, Crystal M.; Connolly, Anne M.; Ciafaloni, Emma title: The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 journal: Muscle Nerve DOI: 10.1002/mus.26902 sha: doc_id: 264287 cord_uid: lq4awi0i file: cache/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.json key: cord-264510-3wdquuzy authors: Li, Meng title: Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 journal: Radiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 264510 cord_uid: 3wdquuzy file: cache/cord-264560-hxvadp24.json key: cord-264560-hxvadp24 authors: Liu, Jui-Yao; Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Hwang, Shinn-Jang title: Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study date: 2020-05-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093311 sha: doc_id: 264560 cord_uid: hxvadp24 file: cache/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.json key: cord-264462-4vfk99f5 authors: Piscoya, A.; Ng-Sueng, L. F.; Parra del Riego, A.; Cerna-Viacava, R.; Pasupuleti, V.; Roman, Y. M.; Thota, P.; White, C. M.; Hernandez, A. V. title: Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20109595 sha: doc_id: 264462 cord_uid: 4vfk99f5 file: cache/cord-264578-hwq1k866.json key: cord-264578-hwq1k866 authors: Jiang, Ying; Xu, Jing title: The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-15 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00906-7 sha: doc_id: 264578 cord_uid: hwq1k866 file: cache/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.json key: cord-264412-2dwk06yd authors: Dallavalle, Gianfranco; Pezzotti, Elena; Provenzi, Livio; Toni, Federico; Carpani, Adriana; Borgatti, Renato title: Migraine Symptoms Improvement During the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Cohort of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.579047 sha: doc_id: 264412 cord_uid: 2dwk06yd file: cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.json key: cord-264266-6xvj9zey authors: Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra; Kaur, Upinder; Banerjee, Anindita; Ganguly, Upasana; Banerjee, Tuhina; Saha, Sarama; Parashar, Gaurav; Prasad, Suvarna; Chakrabarti, Suddhachitta; Mittal, Amit; Agrawal, Bimal Kumar; Rawal, Ravindra Kumar; Zhao, Robert Chunhua; Gambhir, Indrajeet Singh; Khanna, Rahul; Shetty, Ashok K; Jin, Kunlin; Chakrabarti, Sasanka title: COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date: 2020-05-09 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0402 sha: doc_id: 264266 cord_uid: 6xvj9zey file: cache/cord-264673-67zopf7s.json key: cord-264673-67zopf7s authors: Shi, Hongbo; Wang, Wenjing; Yin, Jiming; Ouyang, Yabo; Pang, Lijun; Feng, Yingmei; Qiao, Luxin; Guo, Xianghua; Shi, Honglin; Jin, Ronghua; Chen, Dexi title: The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-08 journal: Cell Death Dis DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2636-4 sha: doc_id: 264673 cord_uid: 67zopf7s file: cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.json key: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 authors: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés; Díaz-Guio, Yimmy; Pinzón-Rodas, Valentina; Díaz-Gomez, Ana Sofía; Guarín-Medina, Jorge Andrés; Chaparro-Zúñiga, Yesid; Ricardo-Zapata, Alejandra; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 journal: Curr Trop Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z sha: doc_id: 264614 cord_uid: 2x7cdul3 file: cache/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.json key: cord-264642-veqyvtn4 authors: Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Daniel title: The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in smoking behavior: Evidence from a nationwide survey in the UK date: 2020-10-23 journal: Tob Prev Cessat DOI: 10.18332/tpc/126976 sha: doc_id: 264642 cord_uid: veqyvtn4 file: cache/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.json key: cord-264697-b3wd6gww authors: Ma, Xiaoxu; Li, Ang; Jiao, Mengfan; Shi, Qingmiao; An, Xiaocai; Feng, Yonghai; Xing, Lihua; Liang, Hongxia; Chen, Jiajun; Li, Huiling; Li, Juan; Ren, Zhigang; Sun, Ranran; Cui, Guangying; Zhou, Yongjian; Cheng, Ming; Jiao, Pengfei; Wang, Yu; Xing, Jiyuan; Shen, Shen; Zhang, Qingxian; Xu, Aiguo; Yu, Zujiang title: Characteristic of 523 COVID-19 in Henan Province and a Death Prediction Model date: 2020-09-08 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00475 sha: doc_id: 264697 cord_uid: b3wd6gww file: cache/cord-264647-9r443j3l.json key: cord-264647-9r443j3l authors: Talamonti, G.; Colistra, Davide; Crisà, Francesco; Cenzato, Marco; Giorgi, Pietro; D’Aliberti, Giuseppe title: Spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10211-z sha: doc_id: 264647 cord_uid: 9r443j3l file: cache/cord-264610-kxebc12r.json key: cord-264610-kxebc12r authors: Chen, Yu; Dong, Yuanji; Cai, Shaozhe; Ye, Cong; Dong, Lingli title: Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China date: 2020-05-16 journal: Semin Arthritis Rheum DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.04.015 sha: doc_id: 264610 cord_uid: kxebc12r file: cache/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.json key: cord-264769-gp2tie7k authors: XiangNg, Qin; De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing; Loke, Wayren; Chan, Hwei Wuen title: A Framework to Deal with Uncertainty in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102263 sha: doc_id: 264769 cord_uid: gp2tie7k file: cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.json key: cord-264907-y4vefr98 authors: Renke, Christine; Callow, Louise; Egnor, Tara; Honstain, Chelsea; Kellogg, Kimberly; Pollack, Blythe; Reske, Janella; Robell, Stephanie; Sinicropi, Natalie title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Pediatr Health Care DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 264907 cord_uid: y4vefr98 file: cache/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.json key: cord-264651-cqxmpxyq authors: Lee, Shawna J.; Ward, Kaitlin P.; Chang, Olivia D.; Downing, Kasey M. title: Parenting Activities and the Transition to Home-based Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 journal: Child Youth Serv Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105585 sha: doc_id: 264651 cord_uid: cqxmpxyq file: cache/cord-264793-0wvif337.json key: cord-264793-0wvif337 authors: Miró, Òscar; Llorens, Pere; Jiménez, Sònia; Piñera, Pascual; Burillo-Putze, Guillermo; Martín, Alfonso; Martín-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; González del Castillo, Juan title: Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S(1) date: 2020-08-26 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001910 sha: doc_id: 264793 cord_uid: 0wvif337 file: cache/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.json key: cord-264843-cwtdkylo authors: Chen, Justin A.; Chung, Wei-Jean; Young, Sarah K.; Tuttle, Margaret C.; Collins, Michelle B.; Darghouth, Sarah L.; Longley, Regina; Levy, Raymond; Razafsha, Mahdi; Kerner, Jeffrey C.; Wozniak, Janet; Huffman, Jeff C. title: COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future date: 2020-07-09 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 264843 cord_uid: cwtdkylo file: cache/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.json key: cord-264942-9u2k5ctm authors: Lusczek, E. R.; Ingraham, N. E.; Karam, B.; Proper, J.; Siegel, L.; Helgeson, E.; Lotfi-Emran, S.; Zolfaghari, E. J.; Jones, E.; Usher, M.; Chipman, J.; Dudley, R. A.; Benson, B.; Melton, G. B.; Charles, A.; Lupei, M. I.; Tignanelli, C. J. title: Characterizing COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes and Associated Comorbidities and Complication Profiles date: 2020-09-14 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20193391 sha: doc_id: 264942 cord_uid: 9u2k5ctm file: cache/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.json key: cord-264563-c3wbie4i authors: Karni, N.; Klein, H.; Asseo, K.; Benjamini, Y.; Israel, S.; Nimri, M.; Olstein, K.; Nir-Paz, R.; Hershko, A.; Muszkat, M.; Niv, M. Y. title: Self-rated smell ability enables highly specific predictors of COVID-19 status: a case control study in Israel date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20164327 sha: doc_id: 264563 cord_uid: c3wbie4i file: cache/cord-264779-71s7e18i.json key: cord-264779-71s7e18i authors: Neumann, Natalie R.; Chai, Peter R.; Wood, David M.; Greller, Howard A.; Mycyk, Mark B. title: Medical Toxicology and COVID-19: Our Role in a Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Med Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s13181-020-00778-4 sha: doc_id: 264779 cord_uid: 71s7e18i file: cache/cord-264979-pc1s093k.json key: cord-264979-pc1s093k authors: Zhou, Yan; Xu, Hang; Li, Long; Ren, Xianghai title: Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-20 journal: Pediatr Surg Int DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04656-6 sha: doc_id: 264979 cord_uid: pc1s093k file: cache/cord-264957-po7wys3s.json key: cord-264957-po7wys3s authors: Singh, A.; Gupte, S. S. title: Covid-19 Pandemic- Pits and falls of major states of India. date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134486 sha: doc_id: 264957 cord_uid: po7wys3s file: cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.json key: cord-264811-xbeipob9 authors: Choi, Yongin; Kim, James Slghee; Choi, Heejin; Lee, Hyojung; Lee, Chang Hyeong title: Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach date: 2020-10-14 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207474 sha: doc_id: 264811 cord_uid: xbeipob9 file: cache/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.json key: cord-264814-v4wnmg03 authors: Flanagan, Katie L.; Best, Emma; Crawford, Nigel W.; Giles, Michelle; Koirala, Archana; Macartney, Kristine; Russell, Fiona; Teh, Benjamin W.; Wen, Sophie CH title: Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250 sha: doc_id: 264814 cord_uid: v4wnmg03 file: cache/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.json key: cord-264919-0jlg2gkc authors: Hopp, Marie-Thérèse; Domingo-Fernández, Daniel; Gadiya, Yojana; Detzel, Milena S.; Schmalohr, Benjamin F.; Steinbock, Francèl; Imhof, Diana; Hofmann-Apitius, Martin title: Unravelling the debate on heme effects in COVID-19 infections date: 2020-06-12 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.142125 sha: doc_id: 264919 cord_uid: 0jlg2gkc file: cache/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.json key: cord-264785-kkd2pyp3 authors: Plevinsky, Jill M; Young, Melissa A; Carmody, Julia K; Durkin, Lindsay K; Gamwell, Kaitlyn L; Klages, Kimberly L; Ghosh, Shweta; Hommel, Kevin A title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management date: 2020-09-26 journal: J Pediatr Psychol DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa079 sha: doc_id: 264785 cord_uid: kkd2pyp3 file: cache/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.json key: cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 authors: Tuge Deressa, Chernet; File Duressa, Gemechis title: Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: The Case of Ethiopia date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 265049 cord_uid: uwzmvlr4 file: cache/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.json key: cord-265052-hfuvm1oh authors: Turan, Çağrı; Metin, Nurcan; Utlu, Zeynep; Öner, Ümran; Kotan, Özgür Sadık title: Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID ‐19 pandemic: What it whispers to us? date: 2020-06-12 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13804 sha: doc_id: 265052 cord_uid: hfuvm1oh file: cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.json key: cord-264829-ynel6ore authors: Momtazmanesh, Sara; Shobeiri, Parnian; Hanaei, Sara; Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani; Dalvi, Bharat; Malakan Rad, Elaheh title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 journal: Egypt Heart J DOI: 10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z sha: doc_id: 264829 cord_uid: ynel6ore file: cache/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.json key: cord-265082-gjbabh4g authors: Xuan, Tian-ming; Wang, Xing-xiang; Pu, Xiang-yuan; Han, Wei-li; Guo, Xiao-gang title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report date: 2020-05-09 journal: J Zhejiang Univ Sci B DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000182 sha: doc_id: 265082 cord_uid: gjbabh4g file: cache/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.json key: cord-264986-glm2qcuz authors: Tam, Cheuk Chi; Sun, Shufang; Yang, Xueying; Li, Xiaoming; Zhou, Yuejiao; Shen, Zhiyong title: Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience date: 2020-10-21 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w sha: doc_id: 264986 cord_uid: glm2qcuz file: cache/cord-264967-a822exap.json key: cord-264967-a822exap authors: Fu, Yue-qiang; Sun, Yue-lin; Lu, Si-wei; Yang, Yang; Wang, Yi; Xu, Feng title: Impact of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20067587 sha: doc_id: 264967 cord_uid: a822exap file: cache/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.json key: cord-265100-i49m4y0e authors: Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah title: The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020 date: 2020-04-03 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000783 sha: doc_id: 265100 cord_uid: i49m4y0e file: cache/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.json key: cord-265006-m1dmgcd1 authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Do the meta-analyses provide a clean bill of health to the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19? date: 2020-08-08 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1167 sha: doc_id: 265006 cord_uid: m1dmgcd1 file: cache/cord-265077-7dh669jv.json key: cord-265077-7dh669jv authors: Liu, Fang; Liu, Huanhuan; Hou, Liang; Li, Jinning; Zheng, Hui; Chi, Runmin; Lan, Weishun; Wang, Dengbin title: Clinico-Radiological Features and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared with Age-Matched Non-Pregnant Women date: 2020-08-13 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s264541 sha: doc_id: 265077 cord_uid: 7dh669jv file: cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.json key: cord-265022-p5cab562 authors: Kotfis, Katarzyna; Williams Roberson, Shawniqua; Wilson, Jo Ellen; Dabrowski, Wojciech; Pun, Brenda T.; Ely, E. Wesley title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x sha: doc_id: 265022 cord_uid: p5cab562 file: cache/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.json key: cord-265170-yv04ijsm authors: Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Scagnolari, Carolina; Pugliese, Francesco; Mastroianni, Claudio M; d'Ettorre, Gabriella title: Probiotics and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30196-5 sha: doc_id: 265170 cord_uid: yv04ijsm file: cache/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.json key: cord-264976-6n9cdex6 authors: Corse, Tanner; Dayan, Linda; Kersten, Sydney; Battaglia, Fortunato; Terlecky, Stanley R; Han, Zhiyong title: Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports date: 2020-10-18 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50537 sha: doc_id: 264976 cord_uid: 6n9cdex6 file: cache/cord-265053-x70501t3.json key: cord-265053-x70501t3 authors: Pourhomayoun, Mohammad; Shakibi, Mahdi title: Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence to Help Medical Decision-Making date: 2020-04-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047308 sha: doc_id: 265053 cord_uid: x70501t3 file: cache/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.json key: cord-265169-bmwdpzqe authors: Co, Christian Oliver C.; Yu, Jeryl Ritzi T.; Macrohon-Valdez, Cristina; Laxamana, Lina C.; De Guzman, Vincent Paul E.; Berroya-Moreno, Remy Margarette M.; Mariano, Manuel M.; Rivera, Peter Paul Dela Paz; Racpan-Cauntay, Joana Lyn M.; Ilano, Karen Czarina S.; Trias, Evita C.; Domingo, Alyssa Mae C.; Marcelo, Alvin Valeriano De Borja; Pineda-Franks, Maria Carissa C. title: Acute Stroke Care Algorithm in a Private Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Third World Country Experience date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105059 sha: doc_id: 265169 cord_uid: bmwdpzqe file: cache/cord-265111-d44ireu5.json key: cord-265111-d44ireu5 authors: D’Ardes, Damiano; Pontolillo, Michela; Esposito, Lucia; Masciarelli, Mara; Boccatonda, Andrea; Rossi, Ilaria; Bucci, Marco; Guagnano, Maria Teresa; Ucciferri, Claudio; Santilli, Francesca; Di Nicola, Marta; Falasca, Katia; Vecchiet, Jacopo; Schael, Thomas; Cipollone, Francesco title: Duration of COVID-19: Data from an Italian Cohort and Potential Role for Steroids date: 2020-08-31 journal: Microorganisms DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091327 sha: doc_id: 265111 cord_uid: d44ireu5 file: cache/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.json key: cord-265119-j4u4fbba authors: Alakwaa, Fadhl M. title: Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-04-14 journal: mSystems DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00297-20 sha: doc_id: 265119 cord_uid: j4u4fbba file: cache/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.json key: cord-265278-wf5pbvvt authors: Fishman, Jay A.; Roberts, Matthew B.; Zhang, Eric W.; Kumar, Deepali; Hirsch, Hans H.; Maggiore, Umberto title: Case 29-2020: A 66-Year-Old Man with Fever and Shortness of Breath after Liver Transplantation date: 2020-09-17 journal: N Engl J Med DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2004982 sha: doc_id: 265278 cord_uid: wf5pbvvt file: cache/cord-264974-hspek930.json key: cord-264974-hspek930 authors: Timmis, Kenneth; Brüssow, Harald title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 journal: Environ Microbiol DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15029 sha: doc_id: 264974 cord_uid: hspek930 file: cache/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.json key: cord-265230-ozyx8u64 authors: Takahari, Daisuke; Shinozaki, Eiji; Wakatsuki, Takeru; Ooki, Akira; Ozaka, Masato; Suzuki, Takeshi; Nakayama, Izuma; Osumi, Hiroki; Kamiimabeppu, Daisaku; Sato, Taro; Ogura, Mariko; Suenaga, Mitsukuni; Chin, Keisho; Yamaguchi, Kensei title: Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research date: 2020-10-21 journal: Int J Clin Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01806-7 sha: doc_id: 265230 cord_uid: ozyx8u64 file: cache/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.json key: cord-265078-u19e9j2w authors: Xie, Jingui; Zhu, Yongjian title: Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China date: 2020-07-01 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201 sha: doc_id: 265078 cord_uid: u19e9j2w file: cache/cord-265340-hc9003dj.json key: cord-265340-hc9003dj authors: Merzon, Eugene; Tworowski, Dmitry; Gorohovski, Alessandro; Vinker, Shlomo; Golan Cohen, Avivit; Green, Ilan; Frenkel Morgenstern, Milana title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study date: 2020-07-23 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.15495 sha: doc_id: 265340 cord_uid: hc9003dj file: cache/cord-265293-l9omunq4.json key: cord-265293-l9omunq4 authors: Schönegger, Carmen Maria; Gietl, Sarah; Heinzle, Bernhard; Freudenschuss, Kurt; Walder, Gernot title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases date: 2020-10-24 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00606-4 sha: doc_id: 265293 cord_uid: l9omunq4 file: cache/cord-265309-1su480xi.json key: cord-265309-1su480xi authors: Bagdasarian, Natasha; Mathews, Ian; Ng, Alexander J. Y.; Liu, Eugene H.; Sin, Clara; Mahadevan, Malcolm; Fisher, Dale A. title: A safe and efficient, naturally ventilated structure for COVID-19 surge capacity in Singapore date: 2020-06-24 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.309 sha: doc_id: 265309 cord_uid: 1su480xi file: cache/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.json key: cord-265197-kxfj3ziu authors: DiMaria, Christina N; Lee, Byeori; Fischer, Robert; Eiger, Glenn title: Cognitive Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-06 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9019 sha: doc_id: 265197 cord_uid: kxfj3ziu file: cache/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.json key: cord-265155-jbvrcjx8 authors: Aroniadis, Olga C.; DiMaio, Christopher J.; Dixon, Rebekah E.; Elmunzer, B. Joseph; Kolb, Jennifer M.; Mendelsohn, Robin; Singal, Amit G.; Ordiah, Collins O.; Rockey, Don C.; Spitzer, Rebecca L.; Tierney, William M.; Wani, Sachin; Yadav, Dhiraj title: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities in the Digestive Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.039 sha: doc_id: 265155 cord_uid: jbvrcjx8 file: cache/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.json key: cord-265178-q7x7ec24 authors: Lyócsa, Štefan; Baumohl, Eduard; Výrost, Tomáš; Molnár, Peter title: Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets date: 2020-08-26 journal: Financ Res Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101735 sha: doc_id: 265178 cord_uid: q7x7ec24 file: cache/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.json key: cord-265172-rn9pkk52 authors: Michiwaki, Yuhei; Tanaka, Tatsuya; Wakamiya, Tomihiro; Tabei, Yusuke; Samura, Kazuhiro; Suehiro, Eiichi; Kawashima, Masatou title: Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report date: 2020-10-09 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.166 sha: doc_id: 265172 cord_uid: rn9pkk52 file: cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.json key: cord-265370-mhy4nu7e authors: KINI, GANESH; KARKAL, RAVICHANDRA; BHARGAVA, MADHAVI title: All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: J Prev Med Hyg DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605 sha: doc_id: 265370 cord_uid: mhy4nu7e file: cache/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.json key: cord-265290-5txhcr7h authors: Siso-Almirall, A.; Kostov, B.; Mas-Heredia, M.; Vilanova-Rotllan, S.; Sequeira-Aymar, E.; Sans-Corrales, M.; Sant-Arderiu, E.; Cayuelas-Redondo, L.; Martinez-Perez, A.; Garcia Plana, N.; Anguita-Guimet, A.; Benavent-Areu, J. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SPANISH COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CASE SERIES FROM BARCELONA date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134510 sha: doc_id: 265290 cord_uid: 5txhcr7h file: cache/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.json key: cord-265530-hn7fi5cv authors: Jansen, Danielle; Kosola, Silja; Arevalo, Lourdes Cantarero; Gaspar de Matos, Margarida; Boode, Karin; Saxena, Sonia; Dratva, Julia title: Child and adolescent health needs attention now, and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-01 journal: Int J Public Health DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01446-8 sha: doc_id: 265530 cord_uid: hn7fi5cv file: cache/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.json key: cord-265346-vygvs1x3 authors: MOHAMED, N. A.; BAHAROM, N.; WAN SULAIMAN, W. S.; ZAINOL RASHID, Z.; WONG, K. K.; ALI, U. K.; OTHMAN, S. N.; ABD SAMAD, M. N.; KORI, N.; PERIYASAMY, P.; ZAKARIA, N. A.; SUGUMAR, A. N. K.; MOHAMMAD KAZMIN, N. E.; CHEONG, X. K.; SANIMAN, S. M.; ISAHAK, I. title: EARLY VIRAL CLEARANCE AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS WHEN GARGLING WITH POVIDONE-IODINE AND ESSENTIAL OILS: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL date: 2020-09-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448 sha: doc_id: 265346 cord_uid: vygvs1x3 file: cache/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.json key: cord-265327-k00w7gmk authors: Muraca, Maurizio; Pessina, Augusto; Pozzobon, Michela; Dominici, Massimo; Galderisi, Umberto; Lazzari, Lorenza; Parolini, Ornella; Lucarelli, Enrico; Perilongo, Giorgio; Baraldi, Eugenio title: Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia? (*) date: 2020-07-03 journal: J Control Release DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.036 sha: doc_id: 265327 cord_uid: k00w7gmk file: cache/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.json key: cord-265598-4h3wx81q authors: Hasan, Abdulkarim; Nafie, Khalid; Abbadi, Osama title: Histopathology Laboratory Paperwork as a Potential Risk of COVID-19 Transmission among the Lab Personnel date: 2020-08-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100081 sha: doc_id: 265598 cord_uid: 4h3wx81q file: cache/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.json key: cord-265596-o6jdvlya authors: Pan, Lei; Mu, Mi; Yang, Pengcheng; Sun, Yu; Wang, Runsheng; Yan, Junhong; Li, Pibao; Hu, Baoguang; Wang, Jing; Hu, Chao; Jin, Yuan; Niu, Xun; Ping, Rongyu; Du, Yingzhen; Li, Tianzhi; Xu, Guogang; Hu, Qinyong; Tu, Lei title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study date: 2020-04-14 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620 sha: doc_id: 265596 cord_uid: o6jdvlya file: cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.json key: cord-265328-83p3sjja authors: Limcaoco, R. S. G.; Mateos, E. M.; Fernandez, J. M.; Roncero, C. title: Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 sha: doc_id: 265328 cord_uid: 83p3sjja file: cache/cord-265343-4wfsze80.json key: cord-265343-4wfsze80 authors: Mhango, Malizgani; Dzobo, Mathias; Chitungo, Itai; Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa title: COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review date: 2020-06-06 journal: Saf Health Work DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 265343 cord_uid: 4wfsze80 file: cache/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.json key: cord-265589-mn2wr79n authors: buonsenso, d.; Iodice, F.; Cinicola, B.; Raffaelli, F.; Sowa, S.; Ricciardi, W. title: Management of malaria in children under 5-years-old during COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone: a lesson learned? date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225714 sha: doc_id: 265589 cord_uid: mn2wr79n file: cache/cord-265799-qda5awuc.json key: cord-265799-qda5awuc authors: Carothers, Chancey; Birrer, Kara; Vo, Mai title: Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Suspected Remdesivir‐Associated Acute Liver Failure in COVID‐19: A Case Series date: 2020-10-02 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2464 sha: doc_id: 265799 cord_uid: qda5awuc file: cache/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.json key: cord-265372-vytmwmoj authors: Shah, Nita H; Suthar, Ankush H; Jayswal, Ekta N title: Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.04.20053173 sha: doc_id: 265372 cord_uid: vytmwmoj file: cache/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.json key: cord-265833-vj5nrip6 authors: Coates, P Toby; Wong, Germaine title: The Forgotten Fallen: painful reality of a pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 265833 cord_uid: vj5nrip6 file: cache/cord-265522-qutjr010.json key: cord-265522-qutjr010 authors: Wei, Xiaowei; Zhao, Weibo; Wang, Aihong; Xu, Zhangrong title: Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist's perspective date: 2020-05-06 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108196 sha: doc_id: 265522 cord_uid: qutjr010 file: cache/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.json key: cord-265813-2onv9mvl authors: Criado, Paulo Ricardo; Abdalla, Beatrice Martinez Zugaib; de Assis, Isabelle Carvalho; van Blarcum de Graaff Mello, Cristina; Caputo, Gabriela Cacciolari; Vieira, Ingrid Campos title: Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms date: 2020-06-02 journal: Inflamm Res DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01370-w sha: doc_id: 265813 cord_uid: 2onv9mvl file: cache/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.json key: cord-265779-p2bro1ai authors: Hussein, Nawfal R.; Musa, Dildar H.; Ibrahim, Nashwan; Naqid, Ibrahim A.; Saleem, Zana Sidiq M.; Jacksi, Karwan title: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.10.014 sha: doc_id: 265779 cord_uid: p2bro1ai file: cache/cord-265890-quacalt5.json key: cord-265890-quacalt5 authors: Arauzo-Carod, Josep-Maria title: A first insight about spatial dimension of COVID-19: analysis at municipality level date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa140 sha: doc_id: 265890 cord_uid: quacalt5 file: cache/cord-265610-om510pt7.json key: cord-265610-om510pt7 authors: Cervantes‐Arslanian, Anna; Lau, K. H. Vincent; Anand, Pria; Shulman, Julie G.; Ford, Thomas; Takahashi, Courtney; Daneshmand, Ali; Nguyen, Thanh N.; Suchdev, Kushak; Abdennadher, Myriam; Saxena, Aneeta; Macone, Amanda; Perloff, Michael; Zhu, Shuhan; Greer, David M. title: Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Ann Neurol DOI: 10.1002/ana.25774 sha: doc_id: 265610 cord_uid: om510pt7 file: cache/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.json key: cord-265721-wmz3wywi authors: Saini, Kamal S.; Lanza, Carlo; Romano, Marco; de Azambuja, Evandro; Cortes, Javier; de las Heras, Begoña; de Castro, Javier; Lamba Saini, Monika; Loibl, Sibylle; Curigliano, Giuseppe; Twelves, Chris; Leone, Manuela; Patnaik, Mrinal M. title: Repurposing anticancer drugs for COVID-19-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy date: 2020-06-22 journal: Br J Cancer DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0948-x sha: doc_id: 265721 cord_uid: wmz3wywi file: cache/cord-265855-zf52vl11.json key: cord-265855-zf52vl11 authors: Mayor-Ibarguren, Ander; Busca-Arenzana, Carmen; Robles-Marhuenda, Ángel title: A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01736 sha: doc_id: 265855 cord_uid: zf52vl11 file: cache/cord-265506-fxus6n65.json key: cord-265506-fxus6n65 authors: Westrupp, Elizabeth M.; Karantzas, Gery; Macdonald, Jacqui A.; Olive, Lisa; Youssef, George; Greenwood, Christopher J.; Sciberras, Emma; Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew; Evans, Subhadra; Mikocka-Walus, Antonina; Ling, Mathew; Cummins, Robert; Hutchinson, Delyse; Melvin, Glenn; Fernando, Julian W.; Teague, Samantha; Wood, Amanda G.; Toumbourou, John W.; Berkowitz, Tomer; Linardon, Jake; Enticott, Peter G.; Stokes, Mark A.; McGillivray, Jane; Olsson, Craig A. title: Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS): A Longitudinal Study of Australian Parents of a Child 0–18 Years date: 2020-08-31 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555750 sha: doc_id: 265506 cord_uid: fxus6n65 file: cache/cord-265603-3we40x62.json key: cord-265603-3we40x62 authors: Casey, M.; Griffin, J.; McAloon, C. G.; Byrne, A. W.; Madden, J. M.; McEvoy, D.; Collins, A. B.; Hunt, K.; Barber, A.; Butler, F.; Lane, E. A.; O Brien, K.; Wall, P.; Walsh, K. A.; More, S. J. title: Estimating pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19: a secondary analysis using published data date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 sha: doc_id: 265603 cord_uid: 3we40x62 file: cache/cord-265877-dund6unq.json key: cord-265877-dund6unq authors: Yang, Q.; Yang, X. title: Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 sha: doc_id: 265877 cord_uid: dund6unq file: cache/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.json key: cord-266010-ectnfv5z authors: Pediconi, Federica; Galati, Francesca; Bernardi, Daniela; Belli, Paolo; Brancato, Beniamino; Calabrese, Massimo; Camera, Lucia; Carbonaro, Luca A.; Caumo, Francesca; Clauser, Paola; Girardi, Veronica; Iacconi, Chiara; Martincich, Laura; Panizza, Pietro; Petrillo, Antonella; Schiaffino, Simone; Tagliafico, Alberto; Trimboli, Rubina M.; Zuiani, Chiara; Sardanelli, Francesco; Montemezzi, Stefania title: Breast imaging and cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM date: 2020-07-13 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01254-3 sha: doc_id: 266010 cord_uid: ectnfv5z file: cache/cord-266070-28a85p50.json key: cord-266070-28a85p50 authors: Oberhammer, J. title: Social-distancing effectiveness tracking of the COVID-19 hotspot Stockholm date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143487 sha: doc_id: 266070 cord_uid: 28a85p50 file: cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.json key: cord-266051-my2wj1uu authors: Sheridan Rains, Luke; Johnson, Sonia; Barnett, Phoebe; Steare, Thomas; Needle, Justin J.; Carr, Sarah; Lever Taylor, Billie; Bentivegna, Francesca; Edbrooke-Childs, Julian; Scott, Hannah Rachel; Rees, Jessica; Shah, Prisha; Lomani, Jo; Chipp, Beverley; Barber, Nick; Dedat, Zainab; Oram, Sian; Morant, Nicola; Simpson, Alan title: Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date: 2020-08-17 journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7 sha: doc_id: 266051 cord_uid: my2wj1uu file: cache/cord-266088-485m5ped.json key: cord-266088-485m5ped authors: Cénat, Jude Mary; Dalexis, Rose Darly; Kokou-Kpolou, Cyrille Kossigan; Mukunzi, Joana N.; Rousseau, Cécile title: Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care date: 2020-07-10 journal: Int J Public Health DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01426-y sha: doc_id: 266088 cord_uid: 485m5ped file: cache/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.json key: cord-266020-ngqfwyj4 authors: Taito, S.; Kataoka, Y.; Ariie, T.; Oide, S.; Tsujimoto, Y. title: Assessment of the Publication Trends of COVID-19 Systematic Reviews and Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 sha: doc_id: 266020 cord_uid: ngqfwyj4 file: cache/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.json key: cord-265934-wjdxqj8h authors: Singh, Amrita K.; Kasle, David A.; Jiang, Roy; Sukys, Jordan; Savoca, Emily L.; Z. Lerner, Michael; Kohli, Nikita title: A Review of Telemedicine Applications in Otorhinolaryngology: Considerations During the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.29131 sha: doc_id: 265934 cord_uid: wjdxqj8h file: cache/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.json key: cord-266052-rcuzi70u authors: Liu, Lilong; Hu, Junyi; Hou, Yaxin; Tao, Zhen; Chen, Zhaohui; Chen, Ke title: Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143283 sha: doc_id: 266052 cord_uid: rcuzi70u file: cache/cord-266113-3fp46sov.json key: cord-266113-3fp46sov authors: Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin; Khalili, Hossein title: Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2397 sha: doc_id: 266113 cord_uid: 3fp46sov file: cache/cord-266031-tlrsco40.json key: cord-266031-tlrsco40 authors: Haghani, Milad; Bliemer, Michiel C. J. title: Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV literature date: 2020-09-21 journal: Scientometrics DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03706-z sha: doc_id: 266031 cord_uid: tlrsco40 file: cache/cord-266132-i57avso9.json key: cord-266132-i57avso9 authors: Kirksey, Lee; Tucker, Dominique L.; Taylor, Eddie; White Solaru, Khendi T.; Modlin, Charles S. title: Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans date: 2020-08-01 journal: J Natl Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 266132 cord_uid: i57avso9 file: cache/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.json key: cord-266055-ki4gkoc8 authors: Kikkisetti, S.; Zhu, J.; Shen, B.; Li, H.; Duong, T. title: Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186759 sha: doc_id: 266055 cord_uid: ki4gkoc8 file: cache/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.json key: cord-266120-bcya8jrs authors: D'Ascanio, Luca; Latini, Gino; Pandolfini, Manlio; Giardini, Damiano title: Letter to the editor regarding “corona-steps for tracheotomy in codid-19 patients: a staff-safe method for airway management” date: 2020-04-20 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104731 sha: doc_id: 266120 cord_uid: bcya8jrs file: cache/cord-266079-nv28ppft.json key: cord-266079-nv28ppft authors: Dai, Jinghong; Xiong, Yali; Li, Hui; Qian, Yajun; Xu, Ying; Xu, Qingqing; Yan, Xin; Tang, Jian title: Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review date: 2020-05-25 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05172-7 sha: doc_id: 266079 cord_uid: nv28ppft file: cache/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.json key: cord-265899-skpkuzyu authors: Pryzdial, Edward L. G.; Sutherland, Michael R.; Lin, Bryan H.; Horwitz, Marc title: Antiviral anticoagulation date: 2020-07-06 journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12406 sha: doc_id: 265899 cord_uid: skpkuzyu file: cache/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.json key: cord-266118-jjzr4yn3 authors: Jing, Zhi-Cheng; Zhu, Hua-Dong; Yan, Xiao-Wei; Chai, Wen-Zhao; Zhang, Shuyang title: Recommendations from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa258 sha: doc_id: 266118 cord_uid: jjzr4yn3 file: cache/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.json key: cord-266145-xnu8pj24 authors: Ahmed, Mohammed A. M.; Siewe Fodjo, Joseph Nelson; Gele, Abdi A.; Farah, Abdiqani A.; Osman, Shariff; Guled, Ibraahim Abdullahi; Ali, Abdiaziz Mohamed; Colebunders, Robert title: COVID-19 in Somalia: Adherence to Preventive Measures and Evolution of the Disease Burden date: 2020-09-06 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090735 sha: doc_id: 266145 cord_uid: xnu8pj24 file: cache/cord-266238-922ncaay.json key: cord-266238-922ncaay authors: Xiang, Mi; Zhang, Zhiruo; Kuwahara, Keisuke title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected date: 2020-04-30 journal: Prog Cardiovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013 sha: doc_id: 266238 cord_uid: 922ncaay file: cache/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.json key: cord-266183-uzuda3ir authors: Renieris, Georgios; Katrini, Konstantina; Damoulari, Christina; Akinosoglou, Karolina; Psarrakis, Christos; Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini; Dimopoulos, George; Lada, Malvina; Koufargyris, Panagiotis; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J. title: Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus date: 2020-05-18 journal: Shock DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001562 sha: doc_id: 266183 cord_uid: uzuda3ir file: cache/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.json key: cord-266214-l8pmhcd5 authors: Wang, Xiaogang; Zhou, Yangzhao; Zhang, Xia; Li, Jianming; Zhou, Xinmin; Zhang, ZhiWei title: Management Strategies for Patients After CABG Surgery in the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s271133 sha: doc_id: 266214 cord_uid: l8pmhcd5 file: cache/cord-266220-78g951x4.json key: cord-266220-78g951x4 authors: Palazzani, Laura title: The pandemic and the ethical dilemma of limited resources: who to treat? date: 2020-09-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.bioet.2020.09.003 sha: doc_id: 266220 cord_uid: 78g951x4 file: cache/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.json key: cord-266150-wox7pnkr authors: Torres, Juan Pablo; Piñera, Cecilia; De La Maza, Verónica; Lagomarcino, Anne J; Simian, Daniela; Torres, Bárbara; Urquidi, Cinthya; Valenzuela, María Teresa; O’Ryan, Miguel title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-10 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa955 sha: doc_id: 266150 cord_uid: wox7pnkr file: cache/cord-266234-lg866rnt.json key: cord-266234-lg866rnt authors: Adrogué, A. H.; Mithani, F.; Ibrahim, H. N.; Schwartz, M.; Gaber, L.; Hebert, S. A.; Adrogué, H. E. title: A kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: utility of a prognostication score date: 2020-09-03 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.08.041 sha: doc_id: 266234 cord_uid: lg866rnt file: cache/cord-266175-4jyltfus.json key: cord-266175-4jyltfus authors: Brendish, Nathan J; Poole, Stephen; Naidu, Vasanth V; Mansbridge, Christopher T; Norton, Nicholas J; Wheeler, Helen; Presland, Laura; Kidd, Stephen; Cortes, Nicholas J; Borca, Florina; Phan, Hang; Babbage, Gavin; Visseaux, Benoit; Ewings, Sean; Clark, Tristan W title: Clinical impact of molecular point-of-care testing for suspected COVID-19 in hospital (COV-19POC): a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study date: 2020-10-08 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30454-9 sha: doc_id: 266175 cord_uid: 4jyltfus file: cache/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.json key: cord-266242-d4fo3lsn authors: Ostapenko, A.; McPeck, S.; Liechty, S.; Kleiner, D. title: Impacts on Surgery Resident Education at a first wave COVID-19 epicenter date: 2020-08-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.16.20176073 sha: doc_id: 266242 cord_uid: d4fo3lsn file: cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.json key: cord-266257-hp11at50 authors: Zhang, Yao; Zhang, Haoyu; Ma, Xindong; Di, Qian title: Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China date: 2020-05-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103722 sha: doc_id: 266257 cord_uid: hp11at50 file: cache/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.json key: cord-266209-gvvc8wqe authors: Xiao, Lu-shan; Li, Pu; Sun, Fenglong; Zhang, Yanpei; Xu, Chenghai; Zhu, Hongbo; Cai, Feng-Qin; He, Yu-Lin; Zhang, Wen-Feng; Ma, Si-Cong; Hu, Chenyi; Gong, Mengchun; Liu, Li; Shi, Wenzhao; Zhu, Hong title: Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Model Using Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Disease Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-31 journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00898 sha: doc_id: 266209 cord_uid: gvvc8wqe file: cache/cord-266160-464v4g8o.json key: cord-266160-464v4g8o authors: Bajaj, Jasmohan S; Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe; Biggins, Scott; Kamath, Patrick S; Wong, Florence; McGeorge, Sara; Shaw, Jawaid; Pearson, Meredith; Chew, Micheal; Fagan, Andrew; de la Rosa Rodriguez, Randolph; Worthington, Janelle; Olofson, Amy; Weir, Vanessa; Trisolini, Calvin; Dwyer, Sarah; Reddy, K Rajender title: Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort date: 2020-07-13 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118 sha: doc_id: 266160 cord_uid: 464v4g8o file: cache/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.json key: cord-266293-lqag2p3u authors: González-Olmo, María José; Delgado-Ramos, Bendición; Ruiz-Guillén, Ana; Romero-Maroto, Martín; Carrillo-Díaz, María title: Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants date: 2020-10-19 journal: BMC Oral Health DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01274-5 sha: doc_id: 266293 cord_uid: lqag2p3u file: cache/cord-266313-b518n9dx.json key: cord-266313-b518n9dx authors: Cao, Yu-chen; Deng, Qi-xin; Dai, Shi-xue title: Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence date: 2020-04-02 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101647 sha: doc_id: 266313 cord_uid: b518n9dx file: cache/cord-266307-w56rii2p.json key: cord-266307-w56rii2p authors: Acheampong, Desmond Omane; Barffour, Isaac Kyei; Boye, Alex; Aninagyei, Enoch; Ocansey, Stephen; Morna, Martin Tangnaa title: Male Predisposition to Severe COVID-19: Review of Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Prospects date: 2020-09-09 journal: Biomed Pharmacother DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110748 sha: doc_id: 266307 cord_uid: w56rii2p file: cache/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.json key: cord-266324-uvsmbrbf authors: Zhang, Hu; Liao, Yu-Sheng; Gong, Jing; Liu, Jing; Xia, Xi; Zhang, Heng title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases date: 2020-05-08 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.034 sha: doc_id: 266324 cord_uid: uvsmbrbf file: cache/cord-266392-bayabroa.json key: cord-266392-bayabroa authors: Brenner, Erica J.; Pigneur, Bénédicte; Focht, Gili; Zhang, Xian; Ungaro, Ryan C.; Colombel, Jean-Frederic; Turner, Dan; Kappelman, Michael D.; Ruemmele, Frank M. title: BENIGN EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV2 INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM TWO INTERNATIONAL DATABASES date: 2020-10-12 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.010 sha: doc_id: 266392 cord_uid: bayabroa file: cache/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.json key: cord-266429-0xaz8kbs authors: Bader, Feras; Manla, Yosef; Atallah, Bassam; Starling, Randall C title: Heart failure and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 journal: Heart Fail Rev DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10008-2 sha: doc_id: 266429 cord_uid: 0xaz8kbs file: cache/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.json key: cord-266377-3krv9ekb authors: Nakayachi, Kazuya; Ozaki, Taku; Shibata, Yukihide; Yokoi, Ryosuke title: Why Do Japanese People Use Masks Against COVID-19, Even Though Masks Are Unlikely to Offer Protection From Infection? date: 2020-08-04 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01918 sha: doc_id: 266377 cord_uid: 3krv9ekb file: cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.json key: cord-266501-7jkzbmsf authors: Ying, Wang; Qian, Yu; Kun, Zhu title: Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-06 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 266501 cord_uid: 7jkzbmsf file: cache/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.json key: cord-266283-xnzdkxm3 authors: Wakfie-Corieh, Cristina Gamila; Blanes García, Alba María; Ferrando-Castagnetto, Federico; Valhondo-Rama, Raquel; Ortega Candil, Aida; Rodríguez Rey, Cristina; Cabrera Martín, María Nieves; García-Esquinas, Marta García; Couto Caro, Rosa María; Pedrera Canal, María; Carreras Delgado, José Luis title: Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies date: 2020-09-08 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05019-y sha: doc_id: 266283 cord_uid: xnzdkxm3 file: cache/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.json key: cord-266463-ci0g1dno authors: Lopes, Renato D.; Macedo, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli; de Barros e Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo; Moll-Bernardes, Renata Junqueira; Feldman, Andre; D'Andréa Saba Arruda, Guilherme; de Souza, Andrea Silvestre; de Albuquerque, Denilson Campos; Mazza, Lilian; Santos, Mayara Fraga; Salvador, Natalia Zerbinatti; Gibson, C. Michael; Granger, Christopher B.; Alexander, John H.; de Souza, Olga Ferreira title: Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-13 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 266463 cord_uid: ci0g1dno file: cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.json key: cord-266440-69l9c3my authors: Rochwerg, Bram; Parke, Rachael; Murthy, Srinivas; Fernando, Shannon M.; Leigh, Jeanna Parsons; Marshall, John; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Fiest, Kirsten; Fowler, Rob; Lamontagne, François; Sevransky, Jonathan E. title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000098 sha: doc_id: 266440 cord_uid: 69l9c3my file: cache/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.json key: cord-266466-5sgfx7oq authors: Mansour, Amani; Atoui, Rola; Kanso, Kamal; Mohsen, Rami; Fares, Youssef; Fares, Jawad title: First Case of an Infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East date: 2020-04-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7520 sha: doc_id: 266466 cord_uid: 5sgfx7oq file: cache/cord-266549-g8060w8v.json key: cord-266549-g8060w8v authors: Gkentzi, Despoina; Karatza, Ageliki; Dimitriou, Gabriel title: Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period date: 2020-06-05 journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002713 sha: doc_id: 266549 cord_uid: g8060w8v file: cache/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.json key: cord-266303-6igk5jmn authors: Yang, Xiaopeng; Tian, Shasha; Guo, Hui title: Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-03 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107159 sha: doc_id: 266303 cord_uid: 6igk5jmn file: cache/cord-266456-10tjzqep.json key: cord-266456-10tjzqep authors: Sadeghipour, Parham; Talasaz, Azita H.; Eslami, Vahid; Geraiely, Babak; Vojdanparast, Mohammad; Sedaghat, Mojtaba; Moosavi, Abouzar Fakhr; Alipour‐Parsa, Saeed; Aminian, Bahram; Firouzi, Ata; Ghaffari, Samad; Ghasemi, Massoud; Saleh, Davood Kazemi; Khosravi, Alireza; Kojuri, Javad; Noohi, Feridoun; Pourhosseini, Hamid; Salarifar, Mojtaba; Salehi, Mohamad Reza; Sezavar, Hashem; Shabestari, Mahmoud; Soleimani, Abbas; Tabarsi, Payam; Parsa, Amir Farhang Zand; Abdi, Seifollah title: Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian“247” National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention date: 2020-04-22 journal: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28889 sha: doc_id: 266456 cord_uid: 10tjzqep file: cache/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.json key: cord-266394-ehh61x5c authors: Katsoulis, M.; Pasea, L.; Lai, A.; Dobson, R. J.; Denaxas, S.; Hemingway, H.; Banerjee, A. title: Obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic: cause of high risk or an effect of lockdown? A population-based electronic health record analysis in 1 958 184 individuals. date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20137182 sha: doc_id: 266394 cord_uid: ehh61x5c file: cache/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.json key: cord-266643-53b0qdcl authors: Ayyaz, Mahmood; Chima, Kamran Khalid; Butt, Usman Ismat; Khan, Wasim Hayat; Umar, Muhammad; Farooka, Muhammad Waris; Wasim, Tayyiba title: Combating COVID 19 in a public sector hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-10-22 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.041 sha: doc_id: 266643 cord_uid: 53b0qdcl file: cache/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.json key: cord-266569-cf3mfp3e authors: Senefeld, J.; Klassen, S. A.; Ford, S. K.; Wiggins, C. C.; Bostrom, B. C.; Thompson, M. A.; Baker, S. E.; Nicholson, W. T.; Johnson, P. W.; Carter, R. E.; Henderson, J. P.; Hartman, W. R.; Pirofski, L.-a.; Wright, R. S.; Fairweather, D.; Bruno, K. A.; Paneth, N. S.; Casadevall, A.; Joyner, M. J. title: Therapeutic use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency: A systematic review date: 2020-11-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20224790 sha: doc_id: 266569 cord_uid: cf3mfp3e file: cache/cord-266382-co3n724s.json key: cord-266382-co3n724s authors: Cordeiro-Rodrigues, Luís title: Social Justice for Public Health: The COVID-19 Response in Portugal date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10058-z sha: doc_id: 266382 cord_uid: co3n724s file: cache/cord-266648-962r0vm8.json key: cord-266648-962r0vm8 authors: Grossberg, Laurie B; Pellish, Randall S; Cheifetz, Adam S; Feuerstein, Joseph D title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174 sha: doc_id: 266648 cord_uid: 962r0vm8 file: cache/cord-266478-642m488a.json key: cord-266478-642m488a authors: Gino, Bruno; Wang, Zhujiang; d'Entremont, Philip; Renouf, Tia S; Dubrowski, Adam title: Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient date: 2020-07-11 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9134 sha: doc_id: 266478 cord_uid: 642m488a file: cache/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.json key: cord-266627-rkupc9w0 authors: Liu, Chengyin; Wen, Ying; Wan, Weiguo; Lei, Jingchao; Jiang, Xuejun title: Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107157 sha: doc_id: 266627 cord_uid: rkupc9w0 file: cache/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.json key: cord-266672-t85wd0xq authors: Bagnera, Silvia; Bisanti, Francesca; Tibaldi, Claudia; Pasquino, Massimo; Berrino, Giulia; Ferraro, Roberta; Patania, Sebastiano title: Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a “new software score” in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Clin Imaging Sci DOI: 10.25259/jcis_76_2020 sha: doc_id: 266672 cord_uid: t85wd0xq file: cache/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.json key: cord-266573-vfl08i2p authors: Largent, Emily A; Lynch, Holly Fernandez title: Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa284 sha: doc_id: 266573 cord_uid: vfl08i2p file: cache/cord-266713-rghowch1.json key: cord-266713-rghowch1 authors: Reyes-Bueno, JA; Mena-Vázquez, N; Ojea-Ortega, T; Gonzalez-Sotomayor, MM; Cabezudo-Garcia, P; Ciano-Petersen, NL; Pons-Pons, G; Castro-Sánchez, MV; Serrano-Castro, PJ title: Case fatality of COVID-19 in patients with neurodegenerative dementia date: 2020-10-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 266713 cord_uid: rghowch1 file: cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.json key: cord-266469-n484zqq1 authors: King, Michael J.; Lewis, Sara; El Homsi, Maria; Hernandez Meza, Gabriela; Bernheim, Adam; Jacobi, Adam; Chung, Michael; Taouli, Bachir title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z sha: doc_id: 266469 cord_uid: n484zqq1 file: cache/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.json key: cord-266813-5tttyl5o authors: DeFilippis, Ersilia M.; Ranard, Lauren S.; Berg, David D. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Trainees on the Front Line date: 2020-06-09 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047260 sha: doc_id: 266813 cord_uid: 5tttyl5o file: cache/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.json key: cord-266799-t7lqlv41 authors: Rotejanaprasert, Chawarat; Lawpoolsri, Saranath; Pan-ngum, Wirichada; Maude, Richard J. title: Preliminary estimation of temporal and spatiotemporal dynamic measures of COVID-19 transmission in Thailand date: 2020-09-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239645 sha: doc_id: 266799 cord_uid: t7lqlv41 file: cache/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.json key: cord-266601-4ik5gu6b authors: Peter, Strang; Jonas, Bergström; Lisa, Martinsson; Staffan, Lundström title: Dying from Covid-19: Loneliness, end-of-life discussions and support for patients and their families in nursing homes and hospitals. A national register study date: 2020-07-25 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.020 sha: doc_id: 266601 cord_uid: 4ik5gu6b file: cache/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.json key: cord-266650-2kkw9nwa authors: Gupta, L.; Misra, D.; Agarwal, V.; Balan, S. title: Management of rheumatic diseases in the times of COVID-19 pandemic- perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20048389 sha: doc_id: 266650 cord_uid: 2kkw9nwa file: cache/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.json key: cord-266755-y2lf7ssp authors: Yehualashet, Awgichew Shewasinad; Belachew, Teshome Fentik title: ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-09-16 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s264882 sha: doc_id: 266755 cord_uid: y2lf7ssp file: cache/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.json key: cord-266878-z7qn80tw authors: Cho, Pauline; Boost, Maureen title: COVID 19—An eye on the virus date: 2020-05-31 journal: Cont Lens Anterior Eye DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 266878 cord_uid: z7qn80tw file: cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.json key: cord-266935-bkan3mwy authors: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G.; Papoutsi, Eleni; Siempos, Ilias I. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00225 sha: doc_id: 266935 cord_uid: bkan3mwy file: cache/cord-266932-567lbktm.json key: cord-266932-567lbktm authors: Escalard, Simon; Chalumeau, Vanessa; Escalard, Clément; Redjem, Hocine; Delvoye, François; Hébert, Solène; Smajda, Stanislas; Ciccio, Gabriele; Desilles, Jean-Philippe; Mazighi, Mikael; Blanc, Raphael; Maïer, Benjamin; Piotin, Michel title: Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-19 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031011 sha: doc_id: 266932 cord_uid: 567lbktm file: cache/cord-266744-31p212aq.json key: cord-266744-31p212aq authors: Dick, Lachlan; Green, James; Brown, Jasmine; Kennedy, Ewan; Cassidy, Richard; Othman, Salasiah; Berlansky, Martin title: Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-28 journal: World J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05760-3 sha: doc_id: 266744 cord_uid: 31p212aq file: cache/cord-267030-khzivbzy.json key: cord-267030-khzivbzy authors: Jia, Peng title: Understanding the Epidemic Course in Order to Improve Epidemic Forecasting date: 2020-10-01 journal: Geohealth DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000303 sha: doc_id: 267030 cord_uid: khzivbzy file: cache/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.json key: cord-266791-ng1xlvkf authors: Zhang, W.; Yuan, Y.; Yang, Z.; Fu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Ma, M.; Wu, W.; Zhou, H. title: Leukopenia of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections under 18 Years Old in Recovery Stage date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20074682 sha: doc_id: 266791 cord_uid: ng1xlvkf file: cache/cord-266988-72uvawth.json key: cord-266988-72uvawth authors: Barth, Rolf F.; Buja, L. Maximillian; Parwani, Anil V. title: The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-14 journal: Diagn Pathol DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00999-9 sha: doc_id: 266988 cord_uid: 72uvawth file: cache/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.json key: cord-266808-wyuodzyt authors: Nagler, Arielle R; Goldberg, Eric R; Aguero-Rosenfeld, Maria E; Cangiarella, Joan; Kalkut, Gary; Monahan, Carolyn Rooke; Cerfolio, Robert J title: Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City date: 2020-06-28 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa867 sha: doc_id: 266808 cord_uid: wyuodzyt file: cache/cord-266916-flskltdf.json key: cord-266916-flskltdf authors: Malik, Jahanzeb; Javaid, Muhammad; Majedi, Omaid; Ishaq, Uzma; Zahid, Tayyaba title: Paying in Blood: A Case of Thrombocytopenia in Covid-19 date: 2020-08-16 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9791 sha: doc_id: 266916 cord_uid: flskltdf file: cache/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.json key: cord-267034-s3hf4bo5 authors: Palladino, Raffaele; Bollon, Jordy; Ragazzoni, Luca; Barone-Adesi, Francesco title: Excess Deaths and Hospital Admissions for COVID-19 Due to a Late Implementation of the Lockdown in Italy date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165644 sha: doc_id: 267034 cord_uid: s3hf4bo5 file: cache/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.json key: cord-266896-unb9yvjr authors: Nihei, Yoshihito; Nagasawa, Hajime; Fukao, Yusuke; Kihara, Masao; Ueda, Seiji; Gohda, Tomohito; Suzuki, Yusuke title: Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 journal: CEN Case Rep DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00538-x sha: doc_id: 266896 cord_uid: unb9yvjr file: cache/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.json key: cord-266993-vt0aq7k6 authors: Casas Rojo, J. M.; Anton Santos, J. M.; Millan Nunez-Cortes, J.; Lumbreras Bermejo, C.; Ramos Rincon, J. M.; Roy-Vallejo, E.; Artero Mora, A.; Arnalich Fernandez, F.; Garcia Brunen, J. M.; Vargas Nunez, J. A.; Freire Castro, S. J.; Manzano, L.; Perales Fraile, I.; Crestelo Vieitez, A.; Puchades, F.; Rodilla, E.; Solis Marquinez, M. N.; Bonet Tur, D.; Fidalgo Moreno, M. d. P.; Fonseca Aizpuru, E. M.; Carrasco Sanchez, F. J.; Rabadan Pejenaute, E.; Rubio-Rivas, M.; Torres Pena, J. D.; Gomez Huelgas, R. title: Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111971 sha: doc_id: 266993 cord_uid: vt0aq7k6 file: cache/cord-266750-41gth6o0.json key: cord-266750-41gth6o0 authors: Puzzitiello, Richard N.; Pagani, Nicholas R.; Moverman, Michael A.; Moon, Andrew S.; Menendez, Mariano E.; Ryan, Scott P. title: Inflammatory and Coagulative Considerations for the Management of Orthopaedic Trauma Patients With COVID-19: A Review of the Current Evidence and Our Surgical Experience date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001842 sha: doc_id: 266750 cord_uid: 41gth6o0 file: cache/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.json key: cord-266948-n7sltd1b authors: Ahamed, Jasimuddin title: Severe aortic stenosis patient risk during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-14 journal: Open Heart DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001355 sha: doc_id: 266948 cord_uid: n7sltd1b file: cache/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.json key: cord-267075-0wtgycv5 authors: Mouawad, Nicolas J.; Cuff, Robert F.; Hultgren, Rebecka; Chuen, Jason; Galeazzi, Edoardo; Wohlauer, Max title: The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.463 sha: doc_id: 267075 cord_uid: 0wtgycv5 file: cache/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.json key: cord-267209-m0fvv1t7 authors: Sawyer, Michala R.; Jaffe, Elana F.; Naqvi, Mariam; Sarma, Amy; Barth, William H.; Goldfarb, Ilona T. title: Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-09-23 journal: AJP Rep DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715169 sha: doc_id: 267209 cord_uid: m0fvv1t7 file: cache/cord-267117-e53jvt92.json key: cord-267117-e53jvt92 authors: Fahd Al‐Muhanna, Afnan title: COVID‐19: Impact and challenges at breast imaging unit date: 2020-05-25 journal: Breast J DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13891 sha: doc_id: 267117 cord_uid: e53jvt92 file: cache/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.json key: cord-267152-m9m0aunk authors: Yang, Philip; Esper, Annette M title: Investigating the sex differences in COVID-19: Another step forward, but many unanswered questions date: 2020-06-28 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa776 sha: doc_id: 267152 cord_uid: m9m0aunk file: cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.json key: cord-267296-u4svwcpt authors: Rauch, Antoine; Dupont, Annabelle; Goutay, Julien; Caplan, Morgan; Staessens, Senna; Moussa, Mouhamed; Jeanpierre, Emmanuelle; Corseaux, Delphine; Lefevre, Guillaume; Lassalle, Fanny; Faure, Karine; Lambert, Marc; Duhamel, Alain; Labreuche, Julien; Garrigue, Delphine; De Meyer, Simon F.; Staels, Bart; Van Belle, Eric; Vincent, Flavien; Kipnis, Eric; Lenting, Peter J.; Poissy, Julien; Susen, Sophie title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050907 sha: doc_id: 267296 cord_uid: u4svwcpt file: cache/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.json key: cord-267257-kwy9puxo authors: Greenhalgh, Sue; Finucane, Laura M.; Mercer, Christopher; Selfe, James title: Safety netting; best practice in the face of uncertainty date: 2020-05-12 journal: Musculoskelet Sci Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102179 sha: doc_id: 267257 cord_uid: kwy9puxo file: cache/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.json key: cord-267142-ys7z7j8j authors: Cheema, Marvi; Aghazadeh, Helya; Nazarali, Samir; Ting, Andrew; Hodges, Jennifer; McFarlane, Alexandra; Kanji, Jamil N.; Zelyas, Nathan; Damji, Karim F.; Solarte, Carlos title: Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-02 journal: Can J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003 sha: doc_id: 267142 cord_uid: ys7z7j8j file: cache/cord-267243-ewivbfib.json key: cord-267243-ewivbfib authors: Rodrigues, J.C.L.; Hare, S. S.; Edey, A.; Devaraj, A.; Jacob, J.; Johnstone, A.; McStay, R.; Nair, A.; Robinson, G. title: An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement date: 2020-05-31 journal: Clinical Radiology DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.003 sha: doc_id: 267243 cord_uid: ewivbfib file: cache/cord-267300-zbipv9er.json key: cord-267300-zbipv9er authors: Alalwan, Adel A; Taher, Abdulraqeeb; Alaradi, Ali H title: A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7995 sha: doc_id: 267300 cord_uid: zbipv9er file: cache/cord-267055-xscwk74r.json key: cord-267055-xscwk74r authors: Chassagnon, Guillaume; Vakalopoulou, Maria; Battistella, Enzo; Christodoulidis, Stergios; Hoang-Thi, Trieu-Nghi; Dangeard, Severine; Deutsch, Eric; Andre, Fabrice; Guillo, Enora; Halm, Nara; Hajj, Stefany El; Bompard, Florian; Neveu, Sophie; Hani, Chahinez; Saab, Ines; Campredon, Aliénor; Koulakian, Hasmik; Bennani, Souhail; Freche, Gael; Barat, Maxime; Lombard, Aurelien; Fournier, Laure; Monnier, Hippolyte; Grand, Téodor; Gregory, Jules; Nguyen, Yann; Khalil, Antoine; Mahdjoub, Elyas; Brillet, Pierre-Yves; Tran Ba, Stéphane; Bousson, Valérie; Mekki, Ahmed; Carlier, Robert-Yves; Revel, Marie-Pierre; Paragios, Nikos title: AI-Driven quantification, staging and outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-15 journal: Med Image Anal DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101860 sha: doc_id: 267055 cord_uid: xscwk74r file: cache/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.json key: cord-267076-a4ulg4ck authors: Mechili, Enkeleint A.; Saliaj, Aurela; Kamberi, Fatjona; Girvalaki, Charis; Peto, Ela; Patelarou, Athina E.; Bucaj, Jorgjia; Patelarou, Evridiki title: Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Albania. date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12672 sha: doc_id: 267076 cord_uid: a4ulg4ck file: cache/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.json key: cord-267389-v2ihhtl0 authors: Canevelli, Marco; Remoli, Giulia; Trentin, Federica; Riccardi, Gabriele; Tariciotti, Leonardo; Risoleo, Giovanni; Ancidoni, Antonio; Bruno, Giuseppe; Cesari, Matteo; Vanacore, Nicola; Raparelli, Valeria title: The Pipeline of Therapeutics Testing During the Emergency Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-24 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.552991 sha: doc_id: 267389 cord_uid: v2ihhtl0 file: cache/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.json key: cord-267332-xc6dcb93 authors: Soltani, Marwa; Mansour, Samer title: Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-06-26 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.016 sha: doc_id: 267332 cord_uid: xc6dcb93 file: cache/cord-267287-qodj254z.json key: cord-267287-qodj254z authors: Pintado, Juan F.; Gibaja, William; Vallejos, Rodrigo A.; Rosas, William; Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto; Nuñez, Jorge H. title: How COVID-19 has affected Emergent Visits to a Latin-American Trauma Department: Experience at a Peruvian National Trauma Referral Center date: 2020-11-03 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.005 sha: doc_id: 267287 cord_uid: qodj254z file: cache/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.json key: cord-267343-a6fplmfj authors: Brakman, Steven; Garretsen, Harry; van Witteloostuijn, Arjen title: The turn from just-in-time to just-in-case globalization in and after times of COVID-19 An essay on the risk re-appraisal of borders and buffers date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100034 sha: doc_id: 267343 cord_uid: a6fplmfj file: cache/cord-267268-50h13gso.json key: cord-267268-50h13gso authors: Spagnolo, Paolo; Balestro, Elisabetta; Aliberti, Stefano; Cocconcelli, Elisabetta; Biondini, Davide; Casa, Giovanni Della; Sverzellati, Nicola; Maher, Toby M title: Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? date: 2020-05-15 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30222-8 sha: doc_id: 267268 cord_uid: 50h13gso file: cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.json key: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 authors: Wichmann, Dominic; Sperhake, Jan-Peter; Lütgehetmann, Marc; Steurer, Stefan; Edler, Carolin; Heinemann, Axel; Heinrich, Fabian; Mushumba, Herbert; Kniep, Inga; Schröder, Ann Sophie; Burdelski, Christoph; de Heer, Geraldine; Nierhaus, Axel; Frings, Daniel; Pfefferle, Susanne; Becker, Heinrich; Bredereke-Wiedling, Hanns; de Weerth, Andreas; Paschen, Hans-Richard; Sheikhzadeh-Eggers, Sara; Stang, Axel; Schmiedel, Stefan; Bokemeyer, Carsten; Addo, Marylyn M.; Aepfelbacher, Martin; Püschel, Klaus; Kluge, Stefan title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2003 sha: doc_id: 267124 cord_uid: 8efdzlc0 file: cache/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.json key: cord-267271-cdeecuf0 authors: Liu, Nian; He, Guanghong; Yang, Xiongxiong; Chen, Jianxin; Wu, Jie; Ma, Min; Lu, Wenying; Li, Qiang; Cheng, Tao; Huang, Xiaohua title: Dynamic changes of Chest CT follow-up in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to clinical typing date: 2020-08-05 journal: BMC Med Imaging DOI: 10.1186/s12880-020-00491-2 sha: doc_id: 267271 cord_uid: cdeecuf0 file: cache/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.json key: cord-267438-8e7wxzel authors: Wu, Vincent; Noel, Christopher W.; Forner, David; Zhang, Zhi‐Jian; Higgins, Kevin M.; Enepekides, Danny J.; Lee, John M.; Witterick, Ian J.; Kim, John J.; Waldron, John N.; Irish, Jonathan C.; Hua, Qing‐Quan; Eskander, Antoine title: Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience date: 2020-04-27 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26205 sha: doc_id: 267438 cord_uid: 8e7wxzel file: cache/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.json key: cord-267465-7rrveyrh authors: Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A.; López-Padilla, Daniel; Alonso-Arroyo, Adolfo; Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael; Solano-Reina, Segismundo; de Granda-Orive, José Ignacio title: COVID-19 Y TABAQUISMO: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS DE LA EVIDENCIA date: 2020-07-25 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.024 sha: doc_id: 267465 cord_uid: 7rrveyrh file: cache/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.json key: cord-267307-kyh0xsrp authors: Kasting, Monica L.; Head, Katharine J.; Hartsock, Jane A.; Sturm, Lynne; Zimet, Gregory D. title: Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-04 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241662 sha: doc_id: 267307 cord_uid: kyh0xsrp file: cache/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.json key: cord-267397-b7ogeokm authors: Smith, E. R.; He, S.; Oakley, E. M.; Miller, L.; Tielsch, J. M. title: Protocol for a Sequential, Prospective Meta-Analysis to Describe COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Newborn Periods date: 2020-11-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20228056 sha: doc_id: 267397 cord_uid: b7ogeokm file: cache/cord-267494-186aztc3.json key: cord-267494-186aztc3 authors: Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Bar-Yam, Yaneer; Fisher, Dale title: Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa091 sha: doc_id: 267494 cord_uid: 186aztc3 file: cache/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.json key: cord-267519-a0bcmjkn authors: Bravi, Francesca; Flacco, Maria Elena; Carradori, Tiziano; Volta, Carlo Alberto; Cosenza, Giuseppe; De Togni, Aldo; Acuti Martellucci, Cecilia; Parruti, Giustino; Mantovani, Lorenzo; Manzoli, Lamberto title: Predictors of severe or lethal COVID-19, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, in a sample of infected Italian citizens date: 2020-06-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235248 sha: doc_id: 267519 cord_uid: a0bcmjkn file: cache/cord-267402-kca05rvz.json key: cord-267402-kca05rvz authors: South, Kieron; McCulloch, Laura; McColl, Barry W; Elkind, Mitchell SV; Allan, Stuart M; Smith, Craig J title: Preceding infection and risk of stroke: An old concept revived by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Int J Stroke DOI: 10.1177/1747493020943815 sha: doc_id: 267402 cord_uid: kca05rvz file: cache/cord-267260-8l831mre.json key: cord-267260-8l831mre authors: Brenner, Erica J.; Ungaro, Ryan C.; Gearry, Richard B.; Kaplan, Gilaad G.; Kissous-Hunt, Michele; Lewis, James D.; Ng, Siew C.; Rahier, Jean-Francois; Reinisch, Walter; Ruemmele, Frank M.; Steinwurz, Flavio; Underwood, Fox E.; Zhang, Xian; Colombel, Jean-Frederic; Kappelman, Michael D. title: Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry date: 2020-05-18 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032 sha: doc_id: 267260 cord_uid: 8l831mre file: cache/cord-267486-ipcvepia.json key: cord-267486-ipcvepia authors: van den Heuvel, F. M. A.; Vos, J. L.; Koop, Y.; van Dijk, A. P. J.; Duijnhouwer, A. L.; de Mast, Q.; van de Veerdonk, F. L.; Bosch, F.; Kok, B.; Netea, M. G.; Hoogerwerf, J.; Hoefsloot, W.; Tjwa, E. T. T. L.; de Korte, C. L.; van Kimmenade, R. R. J.; Nijveldt, R. title: Cardiac function in relation to myocardial injury in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: Neth Heart J DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01458-2 sha: doc_id: 267486 cord_uid: ipcvepia file: cache/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.json key: cord-267533-nmgtan4e authors: Hu, Zhigang; Li, Sijia; Yang, Ailan; Li, Wenxin; Xiong, Xiaoqi; Hu, Jianwu; Jiang, Jun; Song, Xinyu title: Delayed hospital admission and high-dose corticosteroids potentially prolong SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04085-2 sha: doc_id: 267533 cord_uid: nmgtan4e file: cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.json key: cord-267621-oc8bw7ft authors: Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe; Riveline, Jean-Pierre; Vandiedonck, Claire; Girard, Diane; Galland, Joris; Féron, Florine; Gautier, Jean-François; Mégarbane, Bruno title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.045 sha: doc_id: 267621 cord_uid: oc8bw7ft file: cache/cord-267482-afqfymbq.json key: cord-267482-afqfymbq authors: Ryu, Seungjin; Shchukina, Irina; Youm, Yun-Hee; Qing, Hua; Hilliard, Brandon K.; Dlugos, Tamara; Zhang, Xinbo; Yasumoto, Yuki; Booth, Carmen J.; Fernández-Hernando, Carlos; Suárez, Yajaira; Khanna, Kamal M.; Horvath, Tamas L.; Dietrich, Marcelo O.; Artyomov, Maxim N.; Wang, Andrew; Dixit, Vishwa Deep title: Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model date: 2020-09-12 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.294363 sha: doc_id: 267482 cord_uid: afqfymbq file: cache/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.json key: cord-267612-1h7xpkbe authors: Lipsker, Dan title: A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? date: 2020-06-06 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109959 sha: doc_id: 267612 cord_uid: 1h7xpkbe file: cache/cord-267476-j59tm40d.json key: cord-267476-j59tm40d authors: Yong, Sarah Ee Fang; Anderson, Danielle Elizabeth; Wei, Wycliffe E; Pang, Junxiong; Chia, Wan Ni; Tan, Chee Wah; Teoh, Yee Leong; Rajendram, Priyanka; Toh, Matthias Paul Han Sim; Poh, Cuiqin; Koh, Valerie T J; Lum, Joshua; Suhaimi, Nur-Afidah Md; Chia, Po Ying; Chen, Mark I-Cheng; Vasoo, Shawn; Ong, Benjamin; Leo, Yee Sin; Wang, Linfa; Lee, Vernon J M title: Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation date: 2020-04-21 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30273-5 sha: doc_id: 267476 cord_uid: j59tm40d file: cache/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.json key: cord-267566-gdjl0qmu authors: Kweon, Oh Joo; Lim, Yong Kwan; Kim, Hye Ryoun; Kim, Min-Chul; Choi, Seong-Ho; Chung, Jin-Won; Lee, Mi-Kyung title: Antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infection using two serologic assays date: 2020-10-22 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240395 sha: doc_id: 267566 cord_uid: gdjl0qmu file: cache/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.json key: cord-267610-bzbr9ios authors: Anastassopoulou, Cleo; Spanakis, Nicholas; Tsakris, Athanasios title: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall date: 2020-09-03 journal: Future microbiology DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0195 sha: doc_id: 267610 cord_uid: bzbr9ios file: cache/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.json key: cord-267538-6u3mwzc9 authors: Mitra, Raman L.; Greenstein, Steven A.; Epstein, Laurence M. title: An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine date: 2020-04-01 journal: HeartRhythm Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.03.016 sha: doc_id: 267538 cord_uid: 6u3mwzc9 file: cache/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.json key: cord-267624-v6e9zzfg authors: Rinkel, L. A.; Prick, J. C. M.; Slot, R. E. R.; Sombroek, N. M. A.; Burggraaff, J.; Groot, A. E.; Emmer, B. J.; Roos, Y. B. W. E. M.; Brouwer, M. C.; van den Berg-Vos, R. M.; Majoie, C. B. L. M.; Beenen, L. F. M.; van de Beek, D.; Visser, M. C.; van Schaik, S. M.; Coutinho, J. M. title: Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10069-1 sha: doc_id: 267624 cord_uid: v6e9zzfg file: cache/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.json key: cord-267511-tb69dwg8 authors: Talebian, Sepehr; Conde, João title: Why Go NANO on COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-02 journal: Matter DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 267511 cord_uid: tb69dwg8 file: cache/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.json key: cord-267697-b6cg5j32 authors: Zhao, Kedong; Long, Cheng; Wang, Yan; Zeng, Tieyong; Fu, Xinmiao title: Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study date: 2020-03-27 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa046 sha: doc_id: 267697 cord_uid: b6cg5j32 file: cache/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.json key: cord-267713-i75e5vtw authors: Lim, Andy; Singhal, Shaloo; Lavallee, Philippa; Amarenco, Pierre; Rothwell, Peter M.; Albers, Gregory; Sharma, Mukul; Brown, Robert; Ranta, Annemarei; Maddula, Mohana; Kleinig, Timothy; Dawson, Jesse; Elkind, Mitchell S.V.; Guarino, Maria; Coutts, Shelagh B.; Clissold, Benjamin; Ma, Henry; Phan, Thanh title: An International Report on the Adaptations of Rapid Transient Ischaemic Attack Pathways During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105228 sha: doc_id: 267713 cord_uid: i75e5vtw file: cache/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.json key: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax authors: MacIntyre, C. Raina; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS date: 2020-04-30 journal: Int J Nurs Stud DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103629 sha: doc_id: 267699 cord_uid: h7ftu3ax file: cache/cord-267618-ots27qks.json key: cord-267618-ots27qks authors: Molliqaj, Granit; Schaller, Karl title: How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center date: 2020-05-08 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.149 sha: doc_id: 267618 cord_uid: ots27qks file: cache/cord-267691-whn49c79.json key: cord-267691-whn49c79 authors: Rooney, L.; McNicholas, F. title: ‘Policing’ a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.70 sha: doc_id: 267691 cord_uid: whn49c79 file: cache/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.json key: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi authors: Ramírez, Ivan J.; Lee, Jieun title: COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis date: 2020-05-29 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113856 sha: doc_id: 267874 cord_uid: k6tmu5gi file: cache/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.json key: cord-267815-4fw7xgnt authors: Peña, Juan A.; Bianco, Angela T.; Simpson, Lynn L.; Bernstein, Peter S.; Roman, Ashley S.; Goffman, Dena; Schweizer, William E.; Overbey, Jessica; Stone, Joanne L. title: A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713120 sha: doc_id: 267815 cord_uid: 4fw7xgnt file: cache/cord-267645-39sao4nu.json key: cord-267645-39sao4nu authors: De Felice, Francesca; D’Angelo, Elisa; Ingargiola, Rossana; Iacovelli, Nicola Alessandro; Alterio, Daniela; Franco, Pierfrancesco; Bonomo, Pierluigi; Merlotti, Anna; Bacigalupo, Almalina; Maddalo, Marta; Di Rito, Alessia; Fanetti, Giuseppe; D’Onofrio, Ida; Dionisi, Francesco; Miccichè, Francesco; Trignani, Marianna; Musio, Daniela; Paiar, Fabiola; Romanello, Domenico Attilio; Donato, Vittorio; Orlandi, Ester title: A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group date: 2020-10-06 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01296-7 sha: doc_id: 267645 cord_uid: 39sao4nu file: cache/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.json key: cord-267856-t3ksa18w authors: Funk, Colin D.; Ardakani, Ali title: A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes date: 2020-08-06 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01214 sha: doc_id: 267856 cord_uid: t3ksa18w file: cache/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.json key: cord-267748-uzt8a5nx authors: Shiohara, Tetsuo; Mizukawa, Yoshiko title: Comment on “Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19”: Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-24 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16959 sha: doc_id: 267748 cord_uid: uzt8a5nx file: cache/cord-267782-4pjfnund.json key: cord-267782-4pjfnund authors: Lan, Fan-Yun; Suharlim, Christian; Kales, Stefanos N; Yang, Justin title: Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA date: 2020-10-30 journal: Occup Environ Med DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106774 sha: doc_id: 267782 cord_uid: 4pjfnund file: cache/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.json key: cord-267690-g0kesgjm authors: Mueller, Sarina K.; Traxdorf, Maximilian; Mantsopoulos, Konstantinos; Gostian, Antoniu-Oreste; Sievert, Matti; Koch, Michael; Huebner, Matthias J.; Iro, Heinrich title: Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 journal: Ear Nose Throat J DOI: 10.1177/0145561320952506 sha: doc_id: 267690 cord_uid: g0kesgjm file: cache/cord-267735-y3832u9e.json key: cord-267735-y3832u9e authors: Sun, Wuping; Gao, Hong; Luo, Yuhui; Zheng, Hushan; Liao, Xiang; Xiong, Donglin; Xiao, Lizu title: Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572318 sha: doc_id: 267735 cord_uid: y3832u9e file: cache/cord-267923-0z175ysz.json key: cord-267923-0z175ysz authors: Li, Jingwen; Zhang, Qing; Fang, Xi; Li, Na; Hu, Caiying; Lin, Zhicheng; Xiong, Nian title: Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 267923 cord_uid: 0z175ysz file: cache/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.json key: cord-268065-mxvbbkc4 authors: Wei, Maoti; Yang, Ning; Wang, Fenghua; Zhao, Guoping; Gao, Hongwei; Li, Yuming title: Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-18 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.155 sha: doc_id: 268065 cord_uid: mxvbbkc4 file: cache/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.json key: cord-267907-zbsbqj9o authors: Brown, Samantha M.; Doom, Jenalee R.; Lechuga-Peña, Stephanie; Watamura, Sarah Enos; Koppels, Tiffany title: Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 journal: Child Abuse Negl DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699 sha: doc_id: 267907 cord_uid: zbsbqj9o file: cache/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.json key: cord-268058-1ry3z2vb authors: Di, Biao; Jia, Hongling; Luo, Oscar Junhong; Lin, Fangqin; Li, Kuibiao; Zhang, Yuanliang; Wang, Huadong; Liang, Huiying; Fan, Jun; Yang, Zhicong title: Identification and validation of predictive factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia by proteomics date: 2020-10-03 journal: Signal Transduct Target Ther DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00333-1 sha: doc_id: 268058 cord_uid: 1ry3z2vb file: cache/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.json key: cord-267971-xgwmda8e authors: Tan, Shing Cheng title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050989 sha: doc_id: 267971 cord_uid: xgwmda8e file: cache/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.json key: cord-268085-vpzrk8u7 authors: Mandal, Amrendra; Konala, Venu Madhav; Adapa, Sreedhar; Naramala, Srikanth; Gayam, Vijay title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection and Its Practical Applications date: 2020-06-21 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8750 sha: doc_id: 268085 cord_uid: vpzrk8u7 file: cache/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.json key: cord-268011-q24zsyn4 authors: Rakshit, Bijoy title: When China sneezes, middle east states get the cold date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2155 sha: doc_id: 268011 cord_uid: q24zsyn4 file: cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.json key: cord-267996-5l9shks8 authors: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134703 sha: doc_id: 267996 cord_uid: 5l9shks8 file: cache/cord-268135-77emtyen.json key: cord-268135-77emtyen authors: Moghadam, Vahid Damanpak; Shafiee, Hamed; Ghorbani, Maryam; Heidarifar, Reza title: Letter to the Editor: Additional Recommendations before Intubation of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 journal: Chinese Medical Sciences Journal DOI: 10.24920/003744 sha: doc_id: 268135 cord_uid: 77emtyen file: cache/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.json key: cord-267947-dnv2xl0h authors: Gornet, Jean-Marc; Linh Tran Minh, My; Leleu, Florian; Hassid, Deborah title: What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19? date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Visc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.017 sha: doc_id: 267947 cord_uid: dnv2xl0h file: cache/cord-268075-kbislbx0.json key: cord-268075-kbislbx0 authors: Song, Limin; Zhao, Shuai; Wang, Li; Yang, Kai; Xiao, Weimin; Clifford, Sean P.; Huang, Jiapeng; Chen, Xiangdong title: Cardiovascular Changes in Patients With COVID-19 From Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-02 journal: Front Cardiovasc Med DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00150 sha: doc_id: 268075 cord_uid: kbislbx0 file: cache/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.json key: cord-268145-0sv6fdtj authors: Long, Brit; Liang, Stephen Y.; Hicks, Christopher; Gottlieb, Michael title: Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-13 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.396 sha: doc_id: 268145 cord_uid: 0sv6fdtj file: cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.json key: cord-268040-6i0bmnee authors: Dean, Elizabeth; Jones, Alice; Yu, Homer Peng-Ming; Gosselink, Rik; Skinner, Margot title: Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date: 2020-06-26 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa115 sha: doc_id: 268040 cord_uid: 6i0bmnee file: cache/cord-268049-7xqln70d.json key: cord-268049-7xqln70d authors: Montrief, Tim; Ramzy, Mark; Long, Brit; Gottlieb, Michael; Hercz, Dan title: COVID-19 respiratory support in the emergency department setting date: 2020-08-08 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 268049 cord_uid: 7xqln70d file: cache/cord-268140-s5lailkp.json key: cord-268140-s5lailkp authors: Atal, Shubham; Fatima, Zeenat title: IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy? date: 2020-06-13 journal: Pharmaceut Med DOI: 10.1007/s40290-020-00342-z sha: doc_id: 268140 cord_uid: s5lailkp file: cache/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.json key: cord-268112-zk8z8z4i authors: Zhu, Linnan; Yang, Penghui; Zhao, Yingze; Zhuang, Zhenkun; Wang, Zhifeng; Song, Rui; Zhang, Jie; Liu, Chuanyu; Gao, Qianqian; Xu, Qumiao; Wei, Xiaoyu; Sun, Hai-Xi; Ye, Beiwei; Wu, Yanan; Zhang, Ning; Lei, Guanglin; Yu, Linxiang; Yan, Jin; Diao, Guanghao; Meng, Fanping; Bai, Changqing; Mao, Panyong; Yu, Yeya; Wang, Mingyue; Yuan, Yue; Deng, Qiuting; Li, Ziyi; Huang, Yunting; Hu, Guohai; Liu, Yang; Wang, Xiaoqian; Xu, Ziqian; Liu, Peipei; Bi, Yuhai; Shi, Yi; Zhang, Shaogeng; Chen, Zhihai; Wang, Jian; Xu, Xun; Wu, Guizhen; Wang, Fusheng; Gao, George F.; Liu, Longqi; Liu, William J. title: Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals distinct immune response landscapes of COVID-19 and influenza patients date: 2020-07-19 journal: Immunity DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 268112 cord_uid: zk8z8z4i file: cache/cord-268176-tb12txdf.json key: cord-268176-tb12txdf authors: Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia; Hamamoto Filho, Pedro Tadao; Jacob, Francine Letícia da Silva; Alcantara, Léia Regina Souza; Berghammer, Malin; Jenholt Nolbris, Margaretha; Olaya-Contreras, Patricia; Nilsson, Stefan title: Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale date: 2020-08-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165757 sha: doc_id: 268176 cord_uid: tb12txdf file: cache/cord-268062-f03acrrd.json key: cord-268062-f03acrrd authors: Weaver, Michael; McHenry, Scott; Das, Koushik title: COVID-19 and Jaundice date: 2020-10-08 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 268062 cord_uid: f03acrrd file: cache/cord-268190-r428y2j9.json key: cord-268190-r428y2j9 authors: Vivanti, Alexandre J.; Deruelle, Philippe; Picone, Olivier; Guillaume, Sophie; Roze, Jean-Christophe; Mulin, Blandine; Kochert, Fabienne; De Beco, Isabelle; Mahu, Sophie; Gantois, Adrien; Barasinski, Chloé; Petitprez, Karine; Pauchet-Traversat, Anne-Françoise; Droy, Alcyone; Benachi, Alexandra title: Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101805 sha: doc_id: 268190 cord_uid: r428y2j9 file: cache/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.json key: cord-268117-5xhc3h0z authors: Merzon, E.; Tworowski, D.; Gorohovski, A.; Vinker, S.; Golan Cohen, A.; Green, I.; Frenkel Morgenstern, M. title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study date: 2020-07-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144329 sha: doc_id: 268117 cord_uid: 5xhc3h0z file: cache/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.json key: cord-268064-ljjcyv92 authors: Zhao, Guolian; Su, Yingying; Sun, Xiaomeng; Cui, Xiaoli; Dang, Liyun; Zhao, Lijuan; Tan, Xiaowen; Wang, Hongrui; Yang, Ming title: A comparative study of the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stage date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Clin Lab Anal DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23483 sha: doc_id: 268064 cord_uid: ljjcyv92 file: cache/cord-268206-ino9srb6.json key: cord-268206-ino9srb6 authors: Hamed, Manal A. title: An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation date: 2020-06-01 journal: Bull Natl Res Cent DOI: 10.1186/s42269-020-00341-9 sha: doc_id: 268206 cord_uid: ino9srb6 file: cache/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.json key: cord-268330-mo5myrz4 authors: Gentile, Pietro; Sterodimas, Aris title: Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia date: 2020-04-29 journal: Expert Opin Biol Ther DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1761322 sha: doc_id: 268330 cord_uid: mo5myrz4 file: cache/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.json key: cord-268293-u5r2id8i authors: Hess, Robert G.; Weaver, Susan H.; Speroni, Karen Gabel title: Shared Governance During a Pandemic date: 2020-07-11 journal: Nurse Lead DOI: 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 268293 cord_uid: u5r2id8i file: cache/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.json key: cord-268354-dq17uhzx authors: Lastinger, Lauren T.; Daniels, Curt J.; Lee, Marc; Sabanayagam, Aarthi; Bradley, Elisa A. title: Triage and management of the ACHD patient with COVID-19: A single center approach date: 2020-06-19 journal: Int J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 268354 cord_uid: dq17uhzx file: cache/cord-268084-pttsahkb.json key: cord-268084-pttsahkb authors: Vest, N. A.; Johnson, O. D.; Nowotny, K. M.; Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. title: Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system date: 2020-09-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190884 sha: doc_id: 268084 cord_uid: pttsahkb file: cache/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.json key: cord-268126-u9z1rir1 authors: Ranisch, Robert; Nijsingh, Niels; Ballantyne, Angela; van Bergen, Anne; Buyx, Alena; Friedrich, Orsolya; Hendl, Tereza; Marckmann, Georg; Munthe, Christian; Wild, Verina title: Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management date: 2020-10-21 journal: Ethics Inf Technol DOI: 10.1007/s10676-020-09566-8 sha: doc_id: 268126 cord_uid: u9z1rir1 file: cache/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.json key: cord-268425-xg8xnjf9 authors: DiNicolantonio, James J.; Barroso-Aranda, Jorge title: Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole date: 2020-07-02 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051 sha: doc_id: 268425 cord_uid: xg8xnjf9 file: cache/cord-268247-psrijhg2.json key: cord-268247-psrijhg2 authors: Ullah, Waqas; Sattar, Yasar; Saeed, Rehan; Ahmad, Asrar; Boigon, Margot I.; Haas, Donald C. title: As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on, where have all the STEMIs gone? date: 2020-05-31 journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100550 sha: doc_id: 268247 cord_uid: psrijhg2 file: cache/cord-268347-xz6fptol.json key: cord-268347-xz6fptol authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for systemic rheumatic diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic: more questions than answers date: 2020-08-16 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00767-1 sha: doc_id: 268347 cord_uid: xz6fptol file: cache/cord-268306-wreifhzl.json key: cord-268306-wreifhzl authors: Leitao, Darren Jonathan; Jones, Jodi L. P. title: Pediatric rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal during the COVID-19 pandemic: case report date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00464-z sha: doc_id: 268306 cord_uid: wreifhzl file: cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.json key: cord-268324-86a0n0dc authors: Charitos, Ioannis A; Ballini, Andrea; Bottalico, Lucrezia; Cantore, Stefania; Passarelli, Pier Carmine; Inchingolo, Francesco; D'Addona, Antonio; Santacroce, Luigi title: Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date: 2020-09-26 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3920 sha: doc_id: 268324 cord_uid: 86a0n0dc file: cache/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.json key: cord-268426-sz9ftmxr authors: Maalla M’jid, Najat title: Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health date: 2020-09-10 journal: Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00340-8 sha: doc_id: 268426 cord_uid: sz9ftmxr file: cache/cord-268179-bmtfanax.json key: cord-268179-bmtfanax authors: Fan, Jingchun; Gao, Ya; Zhao, Na; Dai, Runjing; Zhang, Hailiang; Feng, Xiaoyan; Shi, Guoxiu; Tian, Jinhui; Chen, Che; Hambly, Brett D.; Bao, Shisan title: Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies date: 2020-08-14 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477 sha: doc_id: 268179 cord_uid: bmtfanax file: cache/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.json key: cord-268389-0agwvsrv authors: Kaminski, Monica A.; Sunny, Subin; Balabayova, Khayala; Kaur, Avneet; Gupta, Aanchal; Abdallah, Marie; Quale, John title: Tocilizumab Therapy of COVID-19: A Comparison of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Therapies date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1447 sha: doc_id: 268389 cord_uid: 0agwvsrv file: cache/cord-268455-btuzihsy.json key: cord-268455-btuzihsy authors: de Santiago, Javier; Yelo, Carmen; F Chereguini, Maria; Conde, Ana; Galipienzo, Javier; Salvatierra, David; Linero, Manuel; Alonso, Sonsoles title: COVID-19: gynecologic cancer surgery at a single center in Madrid date: 2020-07-07 journal: Int J Gynecol Cancer DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001638 sha: doc_id: 268455 cord_uid: btuzihsy file: cache/cord-268453-87b298uk.json key: cord-268453-87b298uk authors: Ibáñez, Sebastián; Martínez, Oriela; Valenzuela, Francisca; Silva, Francisco; Valenzuela, Omar title: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy? date: 2020-06-03 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4 sha: doc_id: 268453 cord_uid: 87b298uk file: cache/cord-268390-npuvodd4.json key: cord-268390-npuvodd4 authors: Rehman, Aziz ul; Qureshi, Shahzad Ahmad title: The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-17 journal: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101953 sha: doc_id: 268390 cord_uid: npuvodd4 file: cache/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.json key: cord-268524-lr51ubz5 authors: Droit-Volet, Sylvie; Gil, Sandrine; Martinelli, Natalia; Andant, Nicolas; Clinchamps, Maélys; Parreira, Lénise; Rouffiac, Karine; Dambrun, Michael; Huguet, Pascal; Dubuis, Benoît; Pereira, Bruno; Bouillon, Jean-Baptiste; Dutheil, Frédéric title: Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time free, «Dying» of boredom and sadness date: 2020-08-10 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236465 sha: doc_id: 268524 cord_uid: lr51ubz5 file: cache/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.json key: cord-268548-sujsnw2w authors: Monaco, Maria Rita Lo; Colacicco, Giovanni; Marotta, Jessica; Bentivoglio, Anna Rita title: An educational case series of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-12 journal: Rev Neurol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 268548 cord_uid: sujsnw2w file: cache/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.json key: cord-268329-apl6n6jl authors: Antunes, Douglas Eulálio; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes; Goulart, Luiz Ricardo title: Will cases of leprosy reaction increase with COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-07-17 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008460 sha: doc_id: 268329 cord_uid: apl6n6jl file: cache/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.json key: cord-268357-oijcqk0n authors: Parra-Medina, Rafael; Herrera, Sabrina; Mejía, Jaime title: Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression date: 2020-07-21 journal: Mod Pathol DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0631-z sha: doc_id: 268357 cord_uid: oijcqk0n file: cache/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.json key: cord-268470-dgxn32ls authors: Sharma, Abhishek; Garg, Akash; Rout, Amit; Lavie, Carl J. title: Obesity is Associated with More Critical Illness in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.046 sha: doc_id: 268470 cord_uid: dgxn32ls file: cache/cord-268483-joiajgs4.json key: cord-268483-joiajgs4 authors: Shah, Vibhuti Kumar; Firmal, Priyanka; Alam, Aftab; Ganguly, Dipyaman; Chattopadhyay, Samit title: Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past date: 2020-08-07 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01949 sha: doc_id: 268483 cord_uid: joiajgs4 file: cache/cord-268622-3jireyep.json key: cord-268622-3jireyep authors: Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi; Hasan, Anwarul; Bloukh, Samir Haj; Edis, Zehra; Sharifi, Majid; Kachooei, Ehsan; Falahati, Mojtaba title: The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Biomol Struct Dyn DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1767211 sha: doc_id: 268622 cord_uid: 3jireyep file: cache/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.json key: cord-268424-5c6edaw8 authors: Behera, D. title: Tb Cotrol In India In The Covid Era date: 2020-08-28 journal: Indian J Tuberc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 268424 cord_uid: 5c6edaw8 file: cache/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.json key: cord-268617-1t7yaoct authors: Ismaili, Nabil; Elmajjaoui, Sanaa title: COVID-19 and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of International Recommendations date: 2020-08-31 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00475-x sha: doc_id: 268617 cord_uid: 1t7yaoct file: cache/cord-268531-igjeai8c.json key: cord-268531-igjeai8c authors: Zerah, Lorène; Baudouin, Édouard; Pépin, Marion; Mary, Morgane; Krypciak, Sébastien; Bianco, Céline; Roux, Swasti; Gross, Ariane; Toméo, Charlotte; Lemarié, Nadège; Dureau, Antoine; Bastiani, Sophie; Ketz, Flora; Boully, Clémence; de Villelongue, Cédric; Romdhani, Mouna; Desoutter, Marie-Astrid; Duron, Emmanuelle; David, Jean-Philippe; Thomas, Caroline; Paillaud, Elena; de Malglaive, Pauline; Bouvard, Eric; Lacrampe, Mathilde; Mercadier, Elise; Monti, Alexandra; Hanon, Olivier; Fossey-Diaz, Virginie; Bourdonnec, Lauriane; Riou, Bruno; Vallet, Hélène; Boddaert, Jacques title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa210 sha: doc_id: 268531 cord_uid: igjeai8c file: cache/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.json key: cord-268638-3lz60dyd authors: Allen, Joshua C. title: Dispatches from the Frontlines: A Critical Care Nurse's Response to COVID19 date: 2020-06-06 journal: Nurs Outlook DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 268638 cord_uid: 3lz60dyd file: cache/cord-268468-036i1082.json key: cord-268468-036i1082 authors: Asif, Muhammad; Ajmal, Muhammad; Ashraf, Ghazala; Muhammad, Nadeem; Aziz, Ayesha; Iftikhar, Tayyaba; Wang, Junlei; Liu, Hongfang title: The role of biosensors in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-18 journal: Curr Opin Electrochem DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2020.08.011 sha: doc_id: 268468 cord_uid: 036i1082 file: cache/cord-268525-j06u3brl.json key: cord-268525-j06u3brl authors: Lucchese, Guglielmo title: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 indicate autoimmunity date: 2020-10-07 journal: Lancet Microbe DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30147-6 sha: doc_id: 268525 cord_uid: j06u3brl file: cache/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.json key: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws authors: Park, You Jeong; Farooq, Jeffrey; Cho, Justin; Sadanandan, Nadia; Cozene, Blaise; Gonzales-Portillo, Bella; Saft, Madeline; Borlongan, Maximillian C.; Borlongan, Mia C.; Shytle, R. Douglas; Willing, Alison E.; Garbuzova-Davis, Svitlana; Sanberg, Paul R.; Borlongan, Cesar V. title: Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics date: 2020-08-13 journal: Stem Cell Rev Rep DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10026-5 sha: doc_id: 268540 cord_uid: wrjzr3ws file: cache/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.json key: cord-268693-td6kvmlq authors: Martins, Leila Droprinchinski; da Silva, Iara; Batista, Wellington Vinicius; de Fátima Andrade, Maria; Dias de Freitas, Edmilson; Martins, Jorge A. title: How socio-economic and atmospheric variables impact COVID-19 and Influenza outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil date: 2020-09-16 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110184 sha: doc_id: 268693 cord_uid: td6kvmlq file: cache/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.json key: cord-268705-crcs6d0a authors: Harrogate, Suzanne; Mortimer, Alex; Burrows, Lorna; Fiddes, Barnaby; Thomas, Ian; Rice, Claire M title: Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: Neuroradiology DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02535-4 sha: doc_id: 268705 cord_uid: crcs6d0a file: cache/cord-268690-xle4bx49.json key: cord-268690-xle4bx49 authors: Gao, Lei; Jiang, Dan; Wen, Xuesong; Cheng, Xiaocheng; Sun, Min; He, Bin; You, Lin-na; Lei, Peng; Tan, Xiao-wei; Qin, Shu; Cai, Guoqiang; Zhang, Dongying title: Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-03-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.07.20031575 sha: doc_id: 268690 cord_uid: xle4bx49 file: cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.json key: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 authors: Salton, Francesco; Confalonieri, Paola; Meduri, G Umberto; Santus, Pierachille; Harari, Sergio; Scala, Raffaele; Lanini, Simone; Vertui, Valentina; Oggionni, Tiberio; Caminati, Antonella; Patruno, Vincenzo; Tamburrini, Mario; Scartabellati, Alessandro; Parati, Mara; Villani, Massimiliano; Radovanovic, Dejan; Tomassetti, Sara; Ravaglia, Claudia; Poletti, Venerino; Vianello, Andrea; Gaccione, Anna Talia; Guidelli, Luca; Raccanelli, Rita; Lucernoni, Paolo; Lacedonia, Donato; Foschino Barbaro, Maria Pia; Centanni, Stefano; Mondoni, Michele; Davì, Matteo; Fantin, Alberto; Cao, Xueyuan; Torelli, Lucio; Zucchetto, Antonella; Montico, Marcella; Casarin, Annalisa; Romagnoli, Micaela; Gasparini, Stefano; Bonifazi, Martina; D’Agaro, Pierlanfranco; Marcello, Alessandro; Licastro, Danilo; Ruaro, Barbara; Volpe, Maria Concetta; Umberger, Reba; Confalonieri, Marco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa421 sha: doc_id: 268662 cord_uid: mw8ec7u2 file: cache/cord-268707-fip5e95c.json key: cord-268707-fip5e95c authors: Williamson, Heather J; McCarthy, Michael J; Garcia, Yolanda E; Bacon, Rachel; Dunn, Dorothy J; Baldwin, Julie A title: Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-04 journal: Public Policy Aging Rep DOI: 10.1093/ppar/praa024 sha: doc_id: 268707 cord_uid: fip5e95c file: cache/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.json key: cord-268716-lbxmteyn authors: Erokhin, Vasilii; Gao, Tianming title: Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries date: 2020-08-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165775 sha: doc_id: 268716 cord_uid: lbxmteyn file: cache/cord-268747-619eztla.json key: cord-268747-619eztla authors: Bernar, Benoît; Kropshofer, Gabriele; Crazzolara, Roman; Kapelari, Klaus; Griesmacher, Andrea; Müller, Thomas; Scholl‐Bürgi, Sabine title: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a 7‐year‐old girl with pancytopenia during acute lymphocytic leukemia maintenance therapy date: 2020-08-11 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28391 sha: doc_id: 268747 cord_uid: 619eztla file: cache/cord-268659-lhprkye6.json key: cord-268659-lhprkye6 authors: Hummel, James P.; Maraj, Ilir; Taoutel, Roy; Chamoun, Romy; Workman, Virginia K.; Tran, Lydia; Abboud, Johny M.; Afif, Claude; Chouairi, Salah; Delvecchio, Alexander; Howes, Christopher J.; Enriquez, Alan D.; Akar, Joseph G. title: Temporal Trends in Arrhythmogenicity Related to Treatment of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-15 journal: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.008841 sha: doc_id: 268659 cord_uid: lhprkye6 file: cache/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.json key: cord-268718-tt07cwrf authors: Tan, Heng Wee; Xu, Yan‐Ming; Lau, Andy T. Y. title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-06-30 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2122 sha: doc_id: 268718 cord_uid: tt07cwrf file: cache/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.json key: cord-268561-vq1uhj5i authors: da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro; Silva, Caroline Targino Alves da; Guarines, Klarissa Miranda; Mendes, Renata Pessôa Germano; Pardee, Keith; Kohl, Alain; Pena, Lindomar title: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: ACS Infect Dis DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00274 sha: doc_id: 268561 cord_uid: vq1uhj5i file: cache/cord-268740-ldz5366v.json key: cord-268740-ldz5366v authors: Sun, Mei; Guo, Dong; Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Jian; Teng, Hai-Feng; Xia, Jun; Liu, Peng; Ge, Quan-Xu; Wang, Ming-Yi title: Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-14 journal: Future microbiology DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0090 sha: doc_id: 268740 cord_uid: ldz5366v file: cache/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.json key: cord-268758-2o2dwulc authors: Daniel, Krupa; Goli, Kiran; Sargent, Anita title: Repeat cesarean section in a COVID-19 positive mother in the United States date: 2020-10-22 journal: SAGE Open Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20945536 sha: doc_id: 268758 cord_uid: 2o2dwulc file: cache/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.json key: cord-268816-nth3o6ot authors: Roy, Satyaki; Ghosh, Preetam title: Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking date: 2020-10-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241165 sha: doc_id: 268816 cord_uid: nth3o6ot file: cache/cord-268753-69d0l60v.json key: cord-268753-69d0l60v authors: Pan, Zihan; Yang, Ting; Chi, Chunhua; Wang, Chen title: The role of CARDPC in response to COVID-19 in primary care in China date: 2020-09-18 journal: NPJ Prim Care Respir Med DOI: 10.1038/s41533-020-00199-4 sha: doc_id: 268753 cord_uid: 69d0l60v file: cache/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.json key: cord-268817-wx96wwpg authors: Karp, Donna Grace; Cuda, Deanne; Tandel, Devangkumar; Danh, Kenneth; Robinson, Peter V.; Seftel, David; Tian, Honglin; Pandori, Mark; Miller, Kevin W. P.; Tsai, Cheng-T. title: Sensitive and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using a High-Throughput, Fully Automated Liquid-Handling Robotic System date: 2020-08-20 journal: SLAS Technol DOI: 10.1177/2472630320950663 sha: doc_id: 268817 cord_uid: wx96wwpg file: cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.json key: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 authors: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 sha: doc_id: 268874 cord_uid: ldja6aa4 file: cache/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.json key: cord-268779-qbn3i2nq authors: Alrasheed, Hend; Althnian, Alhanoof; Kurdi, Heba; Al-Mgren, Heila; Alharbi, Sulaiman title: COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis date: 2020-10-23 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217744 sha: doc_id: 268779 cord_uid: qbn3i2nq file: cache/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.json key: cord-268761-yr0n5g7i authors: Rao, Chalapati title: Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-01 journal: Bull World Health Organ DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.257600 sha: doc_id: 268761 cord_uid: yr0n5g7i file: cache/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.json key: cord-268721-n6dsc4ig authors: Pawlowski, Colin; Wagner, Tyler; Puranik, Arjun; Murugadoss, Karthik; Loscalzo, Liam; Venkatakrishnan, AJ; Pruthi, Rajiv K; Houghton, Damon E; O'Horo, John C; Morice, William G; Williams, Amy W; Gores, Gregory J; Halamka, John; Badley, Andrew D; Barnathan, Elliot S; Makimura, Hideo; Khan, Najat; Soundararajan, Venky title: Inference from longitudinal laboratory tests characterizes temporal evolution of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) date: 2020-08-17 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.59209 sha: doc_id: 268721 cord_uid: n6dsc4ig file: cache/cord-268809-plgip4h6.json key: cord-268809-plgip4h6 authors: Bielecki, Michel; Züst, Roland; Siegrist, Denise; Meyerhofer, Daniele; Crameri, Giovanni Andrea Gerardo; Stanga, Zeno Giovanni; Stettbacher, Andreas; Buehrer, Thomas Werner; Deuel, Jeremy Werner title: Social distancing alters the clinical course of COVID-19 in young adults: A comparative cohort study date: 2020-06-29 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa889 sha: doc_id: 268809 cord_uid: plgip4h6 file: cache/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.json key: cord-268883-nf4fm7r7 authors: Corchuelo, Jairo; Ulloa, Francisco Chavier title: Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19. Case Report date: 2020-09-01 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.071 sha: doc_id: 268883 cord_uid: nf4fm7r7 file: cache/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.json key: cord-269044-47dmpmo0 authors: Fantola, Giovanni; Nagliati, Carlo; Foletto, Mirto; Balani, Alessandro; Moroni, Roberto title: Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04676-0 sha: doc_id: 269044 cord_uid: 47dmpmo0 file: cache/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.json key: cord-268760-31i0mpvn authors: Zhang, Qian; Shan, Khine S; Abdollahi, Shahrzad; Nace, Travis title: Anosmia and Ageusia as the Only Indicators of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7918 sha: doc_id: 268760 cord_uid: 31i0mpvn file: cache/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.json key: cord-268814-pk3gpumm authors: Wasser, Lauren M.; Assayag, Elishai; Tsessler, Maria; Weill, Yishay; Becker-Cohen, Michal; Zadok, David title: Response of ophthalmologists in Israel to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-04-28 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04694-9 sha: doc_id: 268814 cord_uid: pk3gpumm file: cache/cord-268822-o86zpu92.json key: cord-268822-o86zpu92 authors: Anser, Muhammad Khalid; Yousaf, Zahid; Khan, Muhammad Azhar; Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar; Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.; Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi; Zaman, Khalid title: Communicable Diseases (Including COVID-19)—Induced Global Depression: Caused by Inadequate Healthcare Expenditures, Population Density, and Mass Panic date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00398 sha: doc_id: 268822 cord_uid: o86zpu92 file: cache/cord-268939-ws74xprt.json key: cord-268939-ws74xprt authors: Ozoner, Baris; Gungor, Abuzer; Hasanov, Teyyup; Toktas, Zafer Orcun; Kilic, Turker title: Neurosurgery Practice During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.195 sha: doc_id: 268939 cord_uid: ws74xprt file: cache/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.json key: cord-268827-qwcbvtna authors: Ibanez, Agustin; Kosik, Kenneth S title: COVID-19 in older people with cognitive impairment in Latin America date: 2020-08-18 journal: Lancet Neurol DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30270-2 sha: doc_id: 268827 cord_uid: qwcbvtna file: cache/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.json key: cord-268948-1ns6zi27 authors: Shi, Yaling; Tan, Mingkai; Chen, Xing; Liu, Yanxia; Huang, Jide; Ou, Jingyi; Deng, Xilong title: Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-03-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.12.20034736 sha: doc_id: 268948 cord_uid: 1ns6zi27 file: cache/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.json key: cord-268937-j2ov5nes authors: Otuonye, N. M.; Olumade, T. J.; Ojetunde, M. M.; Holdbrooke, S. A.; Ayoola, J. B.; Nyam, I. Y.; Iwalokun, B.; Onwuamah, C.; Uwandu, M.; Salako, B. L.; Abayomi, A.; Osibogun, A.; Bowale, A.; Osikomaiya, B.; Thomas, B.; Mutiu, B.; Odunukwe, N. N. title: CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY date: 2020-09-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195412 sha: doc_id: 268937 cord_uid: j2ov5nes file: cache/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.json key: cord-268884-oi5l5f7f authors: Shevlin, Mark; McBride, Orla; Murphy, Jamie; Miller, Jilly Gibson; Hartman, Todd K.; Levita, Liat; Mason, Liam; Martinez, Anton P.; McKay, Ryan; Stocks, Thomas V. A.; Bennett, Kate M.; Hyland, Philip; Karatzias, Thanos; Bentall, Richard P. title: Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-10 journal: BJPsych Open DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.109 sha: doc_id: 268884 cord_uid: oi5l5f7f file: cache/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.json key: cord-269077-gz7jxidl authors: Hamidi, Shima; Zandiatashbar, Ahoura title: Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States date: 2020-09-30 journal: Landsc Urban Plan DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103952 sha: doc_id: 269077 cord_uid: gz7jxidl file: cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.json key: cord-269031-sz8ieltb authors: Solé, G; Salort-Campana, E; Pereon, Y; Stojkovic, T; Wahbi, K; Cintas, P; Adams, D; Laforet, P; Tiffreau, V; Desguerre, I; Pisella, LI; Molon, A; Attarian, S title: Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date: 2020-04-20 journal: Rev Neurol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 269031 cord_uid: sz8ieltb file: cache/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.json key: cord-268840-m3fp9q3p authors: Sahu, Ankit Kumar; Mathew, Roshan; Bhoi, Sanjeev; Sinha, Tej Prakash; Nayer, Jamshed; Aggarwal, Praveen title: Lung sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-04 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.080 sha: doc_id: 268840 cord_uid: m3fp9q3p file: cache/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.json key: cord-269009-0i2bvt77 authors: D’Souza, Rohan; Malhamé, Isabelle; Teshler, Lizabeth; Acharya, Ganesh; Hunt, Beverley J.; McLintock, Claire title: A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13962 sha: doc_id: 269009 cord_uid: 0i2bvt77 file: cache/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.json key: cord-268940-8th4ij8i authors: Romito, Francesca; Dellino, Miriam; Loseto, Giacomo; Opinto, Giuseppina; Silvestris, Erica; Cormio, Claudia; Guarini, Attilio; Minoia, Carla title: Psychological Distress in Outpatients With Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01270 sha: doc_id: 268940 cord_uid: 8th4ij8i file: cache/cord-268897-vqbreyna.json key: cord-268897-vqbreyna authors: Song, Young Goo; Shin, Hyoung-Shik title: COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis date: 2020-03-10 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.1.110 sha: doc_id: 268897 cord_uid: vqbreyna file: cache/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.json key: cord-268952-3j43p9j3 authors: Ueda Oshima, Masumi; Sandmaier, Brenda M.; Petersdorf, Effie; Flowers, Mary E.; Hill, Geoffrey R.; Lee, Stephanie J.; Appelbaum, Frederick R.; Carpenter, Paul A.; Baker, K. Scott; Connelly-Smith, Laura; McCool, Andrea; Elgar, Suni; Pergam, Steven A.; Liu, Catherine; Stewart, F. Marc; Mielcarek, Marco title: Blood and marrow transplantation during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic: the Seattle approach date: 2020-09-26 journal: Bone Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01068-x sha: doc_id: 268952 cord_uid: 3j43p9j3 file: cache/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.json key: cord-269083-8mjdb9yj authors: Muhović, Damir; Bojović, Jelena; Bulatović, Ana; Vukčević, Batrić; Ratković, Marina; Lazović, Ranko; Smolović, Brigita title: First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Liver Int DOI: 10.1111/liv.14516 sha: doc_id: 269083 cord_uid: 8mjdb9yj file: cache/cord-269130-zsem29ss.json key: cord-269130-zsem29ss authors: Lingappan, K.; Karmouty-Quintana, H.; Davies, J.; Akkanti, B.; Harting, M. T. title: Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: why are children overwhelmingly spared? date: 2020-07-01 journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2020 sha: doc_id: 269130 cord_uid: zsem29ss file: cache/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.json key: cord-269105-yuphgyrn authors: Dumantepe, Mert; Aydın, Selim; Yildiz, Erdem; Okur, Hacer Kuzu; Kocagöz, A. Sesin; Gundogdu, Yasemin; Okten, Murat; Isbir, Selim; Karabulut, Hasan title: Subsegmental Thrombus in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Immunothrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Data Analysis of Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-24 journal: Heart Lung Circ DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 269105 cord_uid: yuphgyrn file: cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.json key: cord-269245-bp4q4plt authors: Zhang, Yuan; Wang, Shu; Ding, Wei; Meng, Yao; Hu, Huiting; Liu, Zhenhua; Zeng, Xianwei; Guan, Yuguang; Wang, Minzhong title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 journal: J Psychosom Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110253 sha: doc_id: 269245 cord_uid: bp4q4plt file: cache/cord-269101-7altkx5u.json key: cord-269101-7altkx5u authors: Jakhmola Mani, Ruchi; Sehgal, Nikita; Dogra, Nitu; Saxena, Shikha; Pande Katare, Deepshikha title: Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study date: 2020-10-28 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1839560 sha: doc_id: 269101 cord_uid: 7altkx5u file: cache/cord-269202-re2djjrc.json key: cord-269202-re2djjrc authors: Sapino, Anna; Facchetti, Fabio; Bonoldi, Emanuela; Gianatti, Andrea; Barbareschi, Mattia title: The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience date: 2020-04-29 journal: Virchows Arch DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02828-2 sha: doc_id: 269202 cord_uid: re2djjrc file: cache/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.json key: cord-269283-jm18lj5t authors: Uddin, Md Bashir; Hasan, Mahmudul; Harun-Al-Rashid, Ahmed; Ahsan, Md Irtija; Imran, Md Abdus Shukur; Ahmed, Syed Sayeem Uddin title: Ancestral origin, antigenic resemblance and epidemiological insights of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Global burden and Bangladesh perspective date: 2020-07-01 journal: Infect Genet Evol DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104440 sha: doc_id: 269283 cord_uid: jm18lj5t file: cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.json key: cord-269206-160ddfsc authors: Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen; Ozkan, Burhan; Mulazimogullari, Esra title: Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 journal: Eur J Health Econ DOI: 10.1007/s10198-020-01206-8 sha: doc_id: 269206 cord_uid: 160ddfsc file: cache/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.json key: cord-269301-3e5uxunm authors: Yilmaz, Resul; Kiliç, Fatma; Arican, Şule; Hacibeyoğlu, Gülçin; Süslü, Halime; Koyuncu, Mustafa; Uzun, Sema Tuncer title: Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Clin Anesth DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109921 sha: doc_id: 269301 cord_uid: 3e5uxunm file: cache/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.json key: cord-269090-o93gxlzx authors: Sciortino, Rosalia; Saini, Fabio title: Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100058 sha: doc_id: 269090 cord_uid: o93gxlzx file: cache/cord-269241-6mf5572t.json key: cord-269241-6mf5572t authors: López-Feldman, Alejandro; Chávez, Carlos; Vélez, María Alejandra; Bejarano, Hernán; Chimeli, Ariaster B.; Féres, José; Robalino, Juan; Salcedo, Rodrigo; Viteri, César title: Environmental Impacts and Policy Responses to Covid-19: A View from Latin America date: 2020-07-13 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00460-x sha: doc_id: 269241 cord_uid: 6mf5572t file: cache/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.json key: cord-269280-1zbxjmxu authors: Shao, Connie title: The COVID trolley dilemma date: 2020-05-14 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 269280 cord_uid: 1zbxjmxu file: cache/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.json key: cord-269316-1nlpo42a authors: Mansfield, K. E.; Mathur, R.; Tazare, J.; Henderson, A. D.; Mulick, A.; Carreira, H.; Matthews, A. A.; Bidulka, P.; Gayle, A.; Forbes, H.; Cook, S.; Wong, A.; Strongman, H.; Wing, K.; Warren-Gash, C.; Cadogan, S. L.; Smeeth, L.; Hayes, J.; Quint, J.; McKee, M.; Langan, S. title: COVID-19 collateral: Indirect acute effects of the pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222174 sha: doc_id: 269316 cord_uid: 1nlpo42a file: cache/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.json key: cord-269344-7ik9e5m4 authors: Gerussi, Alessio; Rigamonti, Cristina; Elia, Chiara; Cazzagon, Nora; Floreani, Annarosa; Pozzi, Roberta; Pozzoni, Pietro; Claar, Ernesto; Pasulo, Luisa; Fagiuoli, Stefano; Cristoferi, Laura; Carbone, Marco; Invernizzi, Pietro title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in autoimmune hepatitis: a lesson from immunosuppressed patients date: 2020-06-09 journal: Hepatol Commun DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1557 sha: doc_id: 269344 cord_uid: 7ik9e5m4 file: cache/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.json key: cord-269445-dctx9c7w authors: Razanamahery, J.; Malinowski, L.; Humbert, S.; Brunel, A.S.; Lepiller, Q.; Chirouze, C.; Bouiller, K. title: Predictive factors of poor outcomes in the COVID-19 epidemic: Consider the inflammatory response date: 2020-04-24 journal: Med Mal Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 269445 cord_uid: dctx9c7w file: cache/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.json key: cord-269087-f9hyntvf authors: Li, X.; Qian, K.; Xie, L.-l.; Li, X.-j.; Cheng, M.; Jiang, L.; Schuller, B. W. title: A Mini Review on Current Clinical and Research Findings for Children Suffering from COVID-19 date: 2020-04-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20044545 sha: doc_id: 269087 cord_uid: f9hyntvf file: cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.json key: cord-269164-jdgzx1ss authors: Machluf, Yossy; Chaiter, Yoram; Tal, Orna title: Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date: 2020-09-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3645 sha: doc_id: 269164 cord_uid: jdgzx1ss file: cache/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.json key: cord-269425-e9iyso7n authors: Bhattacharjee, Sukrita; Banerjee, Mainak title: Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-09-19 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00521-8 sha: doc_id: 269425 cord_uid: e9iyso7n file: cache/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.json key: cord-269197-o9xb30vx authors: Osserman, Jordan; Lê, Aimée title: Waiting for other people: a psychoanalytic interpretation of the time for action date: 2020-06-10 journal: Wellcome Open Res DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15959.1 sha: doc_id: 269197 cord_uid: o9xb30vx file: cache/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.json key: cord-269275-b7xxk48t authors: Tang, Xiaojia; Luo, Yuhan; Song, Yuxia; Fan, Hongyang; Dong, Sisi; Liu, Peipei; Chen, Yingzhu title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism date: 2020-09-27 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103732 sha: doc_id: 269275 cord_uid: b7xxk48t file: cache/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.json key: cord-269328-ypjc5v60 authors: Kamran, Aziz; Naeim, Mahdi; Rezaeisharif, Ali title: The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran date: 2020-08-07 journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 269328 cord_uid: ypjc5v60 file: cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.json key: cord-269453-30l6rzgo authors: Yang, Po; Qi, Jun; Zhang, Shuhao; Wang, Xulong; Bi, Gaoshan; Yang, Yun; Sheng, Bin; Yang, Geng title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 sha: doc_id: 269453 cord_uid: 30l6rzgo file: cache/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.json key: cord-269347-oc2pb00b authors: Ahmad, I.; Rathore, F. A. title: Guillain Barr e syndrome in COVID-19:A scoping review date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.13.20130062 sha: doc_id: 269347 cord_uid: oc2pb00b file: cache/cord-269484-jjbctg96.json key: cord-269484-jjbctg96 authors: Piraux, Arthur; Mosnier, Anne; Barthelmé, Thierry title: Covigie, une plateforme pour les soignants et les coordonnateurs d’équipes de soins date: 2020-10-20 journal: Actual Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2020.08.014 sha: doc_id: 269484 cord_uid: jjbctg96 file: cache/cord-269503-ij4u980v.json key: cord-269503-ij4u980v authors: Amaratunga, Eluwana A; Corwin, Douglas S; Moran, Lynn; Snyder, Richard title: Bradycardia in Patients With COVID-19: A Calm Before the Storm? date: 2020-06-13 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8599 sha: doc_id: 269503 cord_uid: ij4u980v file: cache/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.json key: cord-269526-3npk3u5t authors: Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat; Seif, Farhad; Vahidi, Yasmin; Razi, Farideh; Hashemi, Ehsan; Khoshmirsafa, Majid; Aazami, Hossein title: Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-23 journal: Med J Islam Repub Iran DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.51 sha: doc_id: 269526 cord_uid: 3npk3u5t file: cache/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.json key: cord-269440-6x19xuy3 authors: Seo, Min Young; Seok, Hyeri; Hwang, Sun Jin; Choi, Hee Kyoung; Jeon, Ji Hoon; Sohn, Jang Wook; Park, Dae Won; Lee, Seung Hoon; Choi, Won Suk title: Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility date: 2020-10-20 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e375 sha: doc_id: 269440 cord_uid: 6x19xuy3 file: cache/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.json key: cord-269408-6qncy0nd authors: Khonyongwa, Kirstin; Taori, Surabhi K.; Soares, Ana; Desai, Nergish; Sudhanva, Malur; Bernal, William; Schelenz, Silke; Curran, Lisa A. title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-10-13 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 269408 cord_uid: 6qncy0nd file: cache/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.json key: cord-269593-ipxwf4pv authors: Aisenberg, Gabriel M. title: A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Electrocardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 269593 cord_uid: ipxwf4pv file: cache/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.json key: cord-269659-a1gf76bu authors: Hong, W.; Chen, Y.; You, K.; Tan, S.; Wu, F.; Tao, J.; Chen, X.; Zhang, J.; Xiong, Y.; Yuan, F.; Yang, Z.; Chen, T.; Peng, P.; Tai, Q.; Wang, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, Y. title: Celebrex adjuvant therapy on COVID-19: An experimental study date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20077610 sha: doc_id: 269659 cord_uid: a1gf76bu file: cache/cord-269417-dtu7711x.json key: cord-269417-dtu7711x authors: Hirashima, Tomonori; Arai, Tsuyoshi; Kitajima, Heita; Tamura, Yoshitaka; Yamada, Tomoki; Hashimoto, Shoji; Morishita, Hiroshi; Minamoto, Seijiro; Kawashima, Kayoko; Kashiwa, Yozo; Kameda, Makoto; Takeshita, Tohru; Suzuki, Hidekazu; Matsuoka, Hiroto; Yamaguchi, Seiji; Tanaka, Toshio; Nagai, Takayuki title: Factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients: A retrospective single-center study date: 2020-10-10 journal: J Infect Chemother DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.022 sha: doc_id: 269417 cord_uid: dtu7711x file: cache/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.json key: cord-269554-fzu6dy4e authors: Hussein, M. H.; Toraih, E. A.; Attia, A. S.; Youssef, M.; Omar, M.; Burley, N.; Zhang, A. D.; Roos, J.; Houghton, A.; Aniemeka, N.; Shama, M. A.; Duchesne, J.; Kandil, E. title: Asthma in COVID-19: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20153130 sha: doc_id: 269554 cord_uid: fzu6dy4e file: cache/cord-269825-k685efoh.json key: cord-269825-k685efoh authors: Hu, Parker; Jansen, Jan O.; Uhlich, Rindi; Black, Jonathan; Pierce, Virginia; Hwang, James; Northern, David; Stephens, Shannon W.; Lee, Rachael A.; Gelbard, Rondi B.; Holcomb, John B.; Kerby, Jeffrey; Cox, Daniel title: Early comprehensive testing for COVID-19 is essential to protect trauma centers date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002870 sha: doc_id: 269825 cord_uid: k685efoh file: cache/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.json key: cord-269726-z0frgm7s authors: Gidari, Anna; Nofri, Marco; Saccarelli, Luca; Bastianelli, Sabrina; Sabbatini, Samuele; Bozza, Silvia; Camilloni, Barbara; Fusco-Moffa, Igino; Monari, Claudia; De Robertis, Edoardo; Mencacci, Antonella; Francisci, Daniela title: Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature date: 2020-10-10 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04057-6 sha: doc_id: 269726 cord_uid: z0frgm7s file: cache/cord-269566-mgzal1th.json key: cord-269566-mgzal1th authors: Carmody, Sean; Murray, Andrew; Borodina, Mariya; Gouttebarge, Vincent; Massey, Andrew title: When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider date: 2020-05-07 journal: Br J Sports Med DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102539 sha: doc_id: 269566 cord_uid: mgzal1th file: cache/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.json key: cord-269469-7pmnxi9a authors: Bikdeli, Behnood title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Randomized trials should set the balance between excitement and evidence date: 2020-10-08 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.033 sha: doc_id: 269469 cord_uid: 7pmnxi9a file: cache/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.json key: cord-269537-h3lzl1un authors: Banerjee, Aditi; Czinn, Steven J.; Reiter, Russel J.; Blanchard, Thomas G. title: Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117842 sha: doc_id: 269537 cord_uid: h3lzl1un file: cache/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.json key: cord-269835-mz7i66qp authors: Furfaro, Federica; Vuitton, Lucine; Fiorino, Gionata; Koch, Stephane; Allocca, Mariangela; Gilardi, Daniela; Zilli, Alessandra; D’Amico, Ferdinando; Radice, Simona; Chevaux, Jean-Baptiste; Schaefer, Marion; Chaussade, Stanislas; Danese, Silvio; Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent title: SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience date: 2020-06-11 journal: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0319-3 sha: doc_id: 269835 cord_uid: mz7i66qp file: cache/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.json key: cord-269969-xl1ooxoj authors: Duong, Tuyen Van; Pham, Khue M.; Do, Binh N.; Kim, Giang B.; Dam, Hoa T. B.; Le, Vinh-Tuyen T.; Nguyen, Thao T. P.; Nguyen, Hiep T.; Nguyen, Trung T.; Le, Thuy T.; Do, Hien T. T.; Yang, Shwu-Huey title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey date: 2020-09-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197185 sha: doc_id: 269969 cord_uid: xl1ooxoj file: cache/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.json key: cord-269528-m8i1ss4w authors: Poortmans, Philip M; Guarneri, Valentina; Cardoso, Maria-João title: Cancer and COVID-19: what do we really know? date: 2020-05-29 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31240-x sha: doc_id: 269528 cord_uid: m8i1ss4w file: cache/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.json key: cord-269972-p9lbgxr4 authors: Imoto, W; Kaga, S; Noda, T; Oshima, K; Mizobata, Y; Kakeya, H title: Coronavirus disease with multiple infarctions date: 2020-10-01 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa240 sha: doc_id: 269972 cord_uid: p9lbgxr4 file: cache/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.json key: cord-269428-0cusg8d1 authors: Sari, Dina Keumala; Amelia, Rina; Dharmajaya, Ridha; Sari, Liza Meutia; Fitri, Nadya Keumala title: Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00866-0 sha: doc_id: 269428 cord_uid: 0cusg8d1 file: cache/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.json key: cord-269873-4hxwo5kt authors: R., Mohammadi; M., Salehi; H., Ghaffari; A. A, Rohani; R., Reiazi title: Transfer Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Biomed Phys Eng DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1153 sha: doc_id: 269873 cord_uid: 4hxwo5kt file: cache/cord-269850-5pidolqb.json key: cord-269850-5pidolqb authors: Maghdid, Halgurd S.; Ghafoor, Kayhan Zrar title: A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-08-14 journal: SN COMPUT DOI: 10.1007/s42979-020-00290-0 sha: doc_id: 269850 cord_uid: 5pidolqb file: cache/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.json key: cord-269958-nj0ub9in authors: Woods, Eric Taylor; Schertzer, Robert; Greenfeld, Liah; Hughes, Chris; Miller‐Idriss, Cynthia title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date: 2020-07-19 journal: Nations Natl DOI: 10.1111/nana.12644 sha: doc_id: 269958 cord_uid: nj0ub9in file: cache/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.json key: cord-269511-bfd1dmt3 authors: Salacup, Grace; Lo, Kevin Bryan; Gul, Fahad; Peterson, Eric; De Joy, Robert; Bhargav, Ruchika; Pelayo, Jerald; Albano, Jeri; Azmaiparashvili, Zurab; Benzaquen, Sadia; Patarroyo‐Aponte, Gabriel; Rangaswami, Janani title: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID‐19 Patients in an Underserved‐Inner City Population: A Single Tertiary Center Cohort date: 2020-07-03 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26252 sha: doc_id: 269511 cord_uid: bfd1dmt3 file: cache/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.json key: cord-269895-a4xja2t5 authors: Chen, Xue-Yan; Yan, Bing-Xi; Man, Xiao-Yong title: TNFα inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis date: 2020-05-21 journal: Ther Adv Respir Dis DOI: 10.1177/1753466620926800 sha: doc_id: 269895 cord_uid: a4xja2t5 file: cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.json key: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo authors: Kergaßner, Andreas; Burkhardt, Christian; Lippold, Dorothee; Kergaßner, Matthias; Pflug, Lukas; Budday, Dominik; Steinmann, Paul; Budday, Silvia title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 journal: Comput Mech DOI: 10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 sha: doc_id: 269559 cord_uid: gvvnvcfo file: cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.json key: cord-269900-7mzyib4r authors: Ierardi, Anna Maria; Wood, Bradford J.; Gaudino, Chiara; Angileri, Salvatore Alessio; Jones, Elizabeth C.; Hausegger, Klaus; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02476-8 sha: doc_id: 269900 cord_uid: 7mzyib4r file: cache/cord-269981-xm0by310.json key: cord-269981-xm0by310 authors: Shen, Cheng; Jiang, Lisha; Ma, Hongsheng; Che, Guowei title: Perioperative preparation in thoracic day surgery: Battle against COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Thorac Cancer DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13500 sha: doc_id: 269981 cord_uid: xm0by310 file: cache/cord-269563-2979u47a.json key: cord-269563-2979u47a authors: Caetano Silva-Filho, José; Germoglio Farias de Melo, Cynthia; Lima de Oliveira, Janaína title: The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions date: 2020-08-02 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110155 sha: doc_id: 269563 cord_uid: 2979u47a file: cache/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.json key: cord-269690-6r2bfydw authors: De Lorenzo, Rebecca; Conte, Caterina; Lanzani, Chiara; Benedetti, Francesco; Roveri, Luisa; Mazza, Mario G.; Brioni, Elena; Giacalone, Giacomo; Canti, Valentina; Sofia, Valentina; D’Amico, Marta; Di Napoli, Davide; Ambrosio, Alberto; Scarpellini, Paolo; Castagna, Antonella; Landoni, Giovanni; Zangrillo, Alberto; Bosi, Emanuele; Tresoldi, Moreno; Ciceri, Fabio; Rovere-Querini, Patrizia title: Residual clinical damage after COVID-19: A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239570 sha: doc_id: 269690 cord_uid: 6r2bfydw file: cache/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.json key: cord-269771-hffxb7bm authors: Cheung, Ka Shing; Hung, Ivan FN.; Chan, Pierre PY.; Lung, K. 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Y.; Chu, Man Y.; Chung, Tom WH.; Tam, Anthony Raymond; Yip, Cyril CY.; Leung, Kit-Hang; Yim-Fong Fung, Agnes; Zhang, Ricky R.; Lin, Yansheng; Cheng, Ho Ming; Zhang, Anna JX.; To, Kelvin KW.; Chan, Kwok-H.; Yuen, Kwok-Y.; Leung, Wai K. title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-03 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065 sha: doc_id: 269771 cord_uid: hffxb7bm file: cache/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.json key: cord-269792-yth3t2cf authors: Qiu, Ruijin; Zhao, Chen; Liang, Tengxiao; Hao, Xuezeng; Huang, Ya; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Chen, Zhao; Wei, Xuxu; Zhao, Mengzhu; Zhong, Changming; Hu, Jiayuan; Li, Min; Han, Songjie; He, Tianmai; Chen, Jing; Shang, Hongcai title: Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 based on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041533 sha: doc_id: 269792 cord_uid: yth3t2cf file: cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.json key: cord-269826-l44xbgok authors: Wills, Timothy T.; Zuelzer, Wilhelm A.; Tran, Bryant W. title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date: 2020-06-02 journal: Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil DOI: 10.1177/2151459320930554 sha: doc_id: 269826 cord_uid: l44xbgok file: cache/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.json key: cord-270011-fmetxqqf authors: Lasheras, Isabel; Santabárbara, Javier title: Uso de antipalúdicos en el tratamiento del COVID-19: ¿una ventana de oportunidad? date: 2020-04-22 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 270011 cord_uid: fmetxqqf file: cache/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.json key: cord-269856-6h3j89wn authors: Paolo Fadini, Gian; Luca Morieri, Mario; Boscari, Federico; Fioretto, Paola; Maran, Alberto; Busetto, Luca; Maria Bonora, Benedetta; Selmin, Elisa; Arcidiacono, Gaetano; Pinelli, Silvia; Farnia, Filippo; Falaguasta, Daniele; Russo, Lucia; Voltan, Giacomo; Mazzocut, Sara; Costantini, Giorgia; Ghirardini, Francesca; Tresso, Silvia; Maria Cattelan, Anna; Vianello, Andrea; Avogaro, Angelo; Vettor, Roberto title: Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration date: 2020-08-15 journal: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374 sha: doc_id: 269856 cord_uid: 6h3j89wn file: cache/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.json key: cord-270112-o2exvfy5 authors: Ferrarese, Carlo; Silani, Vincenzo; Priori, Alberto; Galimberti, Stefania; Agostoni, Elio; Monaco, Salvatore; Padovani, Alessandro; Tedeschi, Gioacchino title: An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID) date: 2020-05-19 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1 sha: doc_id: 270112 cord_uid: o2exvfy5 file: cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.json key: cord-269914-75to9xr2 authors: Jansson, Miia; Rubio, Juanjo; Gavaldà, Ricard; Rello, Jordi title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 269914 cord_uid: 75to9xr2 file: cache/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.json key: cord-270184-bq5p2gs6 authors: Alrubaiee, Gamil Ghaleb; Al-Qalah, Talal Ali Hussein; Al-Aawar, Mohammed Sadeg A. title: Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-13 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09644-y sha: doc_id: 270184 cord_uid: bq5p2gs6 file: cache/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.json key: cord-270021-8obqdbh9 authors: Percy, Edward; Luc, Jessica G.Y.; Vervoort, Dominique; Hirji, Sameer; Ruel, Marc; Coutinho, Thais title: Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare? date: 2020-04-09 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 270021 cord_uid: 8obqdbh9 file: cache/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.json key: cord-269909-1cso5cl4 authors: Amatya, Shaili; Corr, Tammy E.; Gandhi, Chintan K.; Glass, Kristen M.; Kresch, Mitchell J.; Mujsce, Dennis J.; Oji-Mmuo, Christiana N.; Mola, Sara J.; Murray, Yuanyi L.; Palmer, Timothy W.; Singh, Meenakshi; Fricchione, Ashley; Arnold, Jill; Prentice, Danielle; Bridgeman, Colin R.; Smith, Brandon M.; Gavigan, Patrick J.; Ericson, Jessica E.; Miller, Jennifer R.; Pauli, Jaimey M.; Williams, Duane C.; McSherry, George D.; Legro, Richard S.; Iriana, Sarah M.; Kaiser, Jeffrey R. title: Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Perinatol DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-0695-0 sha: doc_id: 269909 cord_uid: 1cso5cl4 file: cache/cord-270046-bxtez39p.json key: cord-270046-bxtez39p authors: Bourion-Bédès, Stéphanie; Tarquinio, Cyril; Batt, Martine; Tarquinio, Pascale; Lebreuilly, Romain; Sorsana, Christine; Legrand, Karine; Rousseau, Hélène; Baumann, Cédric title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on students in a French region severely affected by the disease: results of the PIMS-CoV 19 study date: 2020-11-05 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113559 sha: doc_id: 270046 cord_uid: bxtez39p file: cache/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.json key: cord-270232-ln7iil5y authors: Bergman, Yoav S.; Cohen-Fridel, Sara; Shrira, Amit; Bodner, Ehud; Palgi, Yuval title: COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism date: 2020-06-17 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220001258 sha: doc_id: 270232 cord_uid: ln7iil5y file: cache/cord-270249-miys1fve.json key: cord-270249-miys1fve authors: Liu, Xianbo; Zheng, Xie; Balachandran, Balakumar title: COVID-19: data-driven dynamics, statistical and distributed delay models, and observations date: 2020-08-06 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05863-5 sha: doc_id: 270249 cord_uid: miys1fve file: cache/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.json key: cord-270254-dp7z1kla authors: Inzitari, Marco; Udina, Cristina; Len, Oscar; Ars, Joan; Arnal, Cristina; Badani, Hugo; Davey, Vanessa; Risco, Ester; Ayats, Pere; de Andrés, Ana M.; Mayordomo, Cristina; Ros, Francisco J.; Morandi, Alessandro; Cesari, Matteo title: How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 270254 cord_uid: dp7z1kla file: cache/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.json key: cord-269643-12qm4h9w authors: Liu, Pai; Beeler, Payton; Chakrabarty, Rajan K. title: Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns” date: 2020-07-17 journal: Chaos DOI: 10.1063/5.0013871 sha: doc_id: 269643 cord_uid: 12qm4h9w file: cache/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.json key: cord-269970-tnnpo6hu authors: Musa, Hassan H; Musa, Taha H.; Musa, Idriss H.; ELBingawi, Haitham M.; Musa, Ibrahim H; Campbell, Michael C. title: L’impact psychologique silencieux de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Soudan date: 2020-10-14 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100604 sha: doc_id: 269970 cord_uid: tnnpo6hu file: cache/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.json key: cord-270079-vwnzp6zj authors: Galanis, Nikiforos; Stavraka, Chara; Agathangelidis, Filon; Petsatodis, Evangelos; Giankoulof, Christos; Givissis, Panagiotis title: Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection: a case of acute upper limb ischemia date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Surg Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa204 sha: doc_id: 270079 cord_uid: vwnzp6zj file: cache/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.json key: cord-270327-v4td3zsa authors: Atallah, Bassam; Mallah, Saad I; AbdelWareth, Laila; AlMahmeed, Wael; Fonarow, Gregg C title: A Marker of Systemic Inflammation or Direct Cardiac Injury: Should Cardiac Troponin Levels be Monitored in COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-04-29 journal: Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa033 sha: doc_id: 270327 cord_uid: v4td3zsa file: cache/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.json key: cord-269827-h7qxodvh authors: Mukhtar, Psychol. Sonia title: Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective date: 2020-04-17 journal: J Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 269827 cord_uid: h7qxodvh file: cache/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.json key: cord-270322-jkvo8s3f authors: Singh, Jasvinder A.; Edwards, N. Lawrence title: Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey date: 2020-10-14 journal: Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20966124 sha: doc_id: 270322 cord_uid: jkvo8s3f file: cache/cord-270238-5esd2eti.json key: cord-270238-5esd2eti authors: Tian, T.; Zhang, J.; Hu, L.; Jiang, Y.; Duan, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, H. title: Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 2692 counties of the United States date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105544 sha: doc_id: 270238 cord_uid: 5esd2eti file: cache/cord-270467-es6dnx36.json key: cord-270467-es6dnx36 authors: Frisardi, Vincenza title: Commentary: Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? date: 2020-07-07 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00351 sha: doc_id: 270467 cord_uid: es6dnx36 file: cache/cord-270019-er70ehk4.json key: cord-270019-er70ehk4 authors: Yang, Kunyu; Sheng, Yuhan; Huang, Chaolin; 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López‐Valle, Alba; Ortiz‐Frutos, Francisco J. title: SARS‐Coronavirus‐2 and acute urticaria date: 2020-05-22 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14950 sha: doc_id: 270419 cord_uid: krrd074l file: cache/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.json key: cord-270465-9jp0xw7j authors: Ono, Yoshitaka; Obayashi, Shohei; Horio, Yukihiro; Niimi, Kyoko; Hayama, Naoki; Ito, Yoko; Oguma, Tsuyoshi; Asano, Koichiro title: Asthma exacerbation associated with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-27 journal: Allergol Int DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 270465 cord_uid: 9jp0xw7j file: cache/cord-270214-5bjow148.json key: cord-270214-5bjow148 authors: Tan, Winson Jianhong; Foo, Fung Joon; Sivarajah, Sharmini Su; Li, Leonard Ho Ming; Koh, Frederick H; Chew, Min Hoe title: Safe Colorectal Surgery in the COVID-19 Era – A Singapore Experience date: 2020-04-30 journal: Ann Coloproctol DOI: 10.3393/ac.2020.04.21 sha: doc_id: 270214 cord_uid: 5bjow148 file: cache/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.json key: cord-270083-gm8i9olj authors: Jang, Jong Geol; Hur, Jian; Choi, Eun Young; Hong, Kyung Soo; Lee, Wonhwa; Ahn, June Hong title: Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 sha: doc_id: 270083 cord_uid: gm8i9olj file: cache/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.json key: cord-270245-zziwb2jy authors: Russell, Beth; Moss, Charlotte; Papa, Sophie; Irshad, Sheeba; Ross, Paul; Spicer, James; Kordasti, Shahram; Crawley, Danielle; Wylie, Harriet; Cahill, Fidelma; Haire, Anna; Zaki, Kamarul; Rahman, Fareen; Sita-Lumsden, Ailsa; Josephs, Debra; Enting, Deborah; Lei, Mary; Ghosh, Sharmistha; Harrison, Claire; Swampillai, Angela; Sawyer, Elinor; D'Souza, Andrea; Gomberg, Simon; Fields, Paul; Wrench, David; Raj, Kavita; Gleeson, Mary; Bailey, Kate; Dillon, Richard; Streetly, Matthew; Rigg, Anne; Sullivan, Richard; Dolly, Saoirse; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke title: Factors Affecting COVID-19 Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A First Report From Guy's Cancer Center in London date: 2020-07-22 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01279 sha: doc_id: 270245 cord_uid: zziwb2jy file: cache/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.json key: cord-270116-r2rnnsfh authors: Lippi, Giuseppe; Mattiuzzi, Camilla; Bovo, Chiara; Plebani, Mario title: Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9548 sha: doc_id: 270116 cord_uid: r2rnnsfh file: cache/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.json key: cord-270511-eugkdh6k authors: Grossman, Ephraim S.; Hoffman, Yaakov S.G.; Palgi, Yuval; Shrira, Amit title: COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators date: 2020-08-28 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110371 sha: doc_id: 270511 cord_uid: eugkdh6k file: cache/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.json key: cord-270124-tqhkzd2w authors: Campos, Fábio Guilherme; Fillmann, Henrique Sarubbi title: General recommendations to the colorectal surgeon during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 270124 cord_uid: tqhkzd2w file: cache/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.json key: cord-270290-i4p4p0o4 authors: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan; 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Y.; Chang, Andrew; Lai, Chi-Chun; Mieler, William F; Lam, Dennis S. C. title: Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 journal: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000289 sha: doc_id: 270290 cord_uid: i4p4p0o4 file: cache/cord-270518-750vhgwo.json key: cord-270518-750vhgwo authors: Nappi, Carmela; Megna, Rosario; Acampa, Wanda; Assante, Roberta; Zampella, Emilia; Gaudieri, Valeria; Mannarino, Teresa; Green, Roberta; Cantoni, Valeria; Petretta, Mario; Cuocolo, Alberto title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging for ischemic heart disease date: 2020-08-11 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04994-6 sha: doc_id: 270518 cord_uid: 750vhgwo file: cache/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.json key: cord-270122-xijsj0d8 authors: Hogan, Robert Edward; Grinspan, Zachary; Axeen, Erika; Marquis, Belinda; Day, B. Keith title: COVID-19 in Patients With Seizures and Epilepsy: Interpretation of Relevant Knowledge of Presenting Signs and Symptoms date: 2020-08-24 journal: Epilepsy Curr DOI: 10.1177/1535759720948549 sha: doc_id: 270122 cord_uid: xijsj0d8 file: cache/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.json key: cord-270611-4hfn12hh authors: Grossi, Enzo; Pace, Fabio title: Guidelines for the Perplexed: How to Maximize Colonoscopy Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 journal: Dig Dis Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06634-3 sha: doc_id: 270611 cord_uid: 4hfn12hh file: cache/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.json key: cord-270336-x1up9nvp authors: Filatov, Asia; Sharma, Pamraj; Hindi, Fawzi; Espinosa, Patricio S title: Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy date: 2020-03-21 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7352 sha: doc_id: 270336 cord_uid: x1up9nvp file: cache/cord-270509-roc93m4f.json key: cord-270509-roc93m4f authors: Radhakrishnan, Suma; Perumbally, Hafees Abdullah; Surya, Sai; Ponneth, Mohammed Shareef title: Guidelines for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article date: 2020-06-22 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01893-y sha: doc_id: 270509 cord_uid: roc93m4f file: cache/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.json key: cord-270591-0szbkhiz authors: Shi, Chen; Tingting, Wu; Li, Jin-Ping; Sullivan, Mitchell A.; Wang, Cong; Wang, Hanxiang; Deng, Bin; Zhang, Yu title: Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Carbohydr Polym DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117232 sha: doc_id: 270591 cord_uid: 0szbkhiz file: cache/cord-270614-4q7itegc.json key: cord-270614-4q7itegc authors: Bisaillon, Laura; Khosravi, Mehdi; Jahandoost, Bahareh; Briskman, Linda title: Clever COVID-19, Clever Citizens-98: Critical and Creative Reflections from Tehran, Toronto, and Sydney date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10032-9 sha: doc_id: 270614 cord_uid: 4q7itegc file: cache/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.json key: cord-270481-rrpqz0uy authors: Hays, Russell; Pierce, Doris; Giacomin, Paul; Loukas, Alex; Bourke, Peter; McDermott, Robyn title: Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis date: 2020-08-17 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008628 sha: doc_id: 270481 cord_uid: rrpqz0uy file: cache/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.json key: cord-270399-yfko8mpc authors: Foster, Allison; Khan, Zohaib; Siddiqui, Aisha; Singh, Sukhdev; Atere, Muhammed; Nfonoyim, Jay M title: It’s complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury date: 2020-10-15 journal: SAGE Open Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20965423 sha: doc_id: 270399 cord_uid: yfko8mpc file: cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.json key: cord-270628-jtj30v0r authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Abuhamdah, Mohamed; Noor, Alfateh; Naseem, Nasir; Balhamar, Abdullah; Al Saud, Ahad Alhassan Al Saud Bin Abdulaziz; Brindley, Peter G.; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios; Blaivas, Michael title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 journal: J Ultrasound Med DOI: 10.1002/jum.15417 sha: doc_id: 270628 cord_uid: jtj30v0r file: cache/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.json key: cord-270654-cz2y6ta9 authors: Deftereos, Spyridon G.; Siasos, Gerasimos; Giannopoulos, Georgios; Vrachatis, Dimitrios A.; Angelidis, Christos; Giotaki, Sotiria G.; Gargalianos, Panagiotis; Giamarellou, Helen; Gogos, Charalampos; Daikos, Georgios; Lazanas, Marios; Lagiou, Pagona; Saroglou, Georgios; Sipsas, Nikolaos; Tsiodras, Sotirios; Chatzigeorgiou, Dimitrios; Moussas, Nikolaos; Kotanidou, Anastasia; Koulouris, Nikolaos; Oikonomou, Evangelos; Kaoukis, Andreas; Kossyvakis, Charalampos; Raisakis, Konstantinos; Fountoulaki, Katerina; Comis, Mihalis; Tsiachris, Dimitrios; Sarri, Eleni; Theodorakis, Andreas; Martinez-Dolz, Luis; Sanz-Sánchez, Jorge; Reimers, Bernhard; Stefanini, Giulio G.; Cleman, Michael; Filippou, Dimitrios; Olympios, Christoforos D.; Pyrgakis, Vlasios N.; Goudevenos, John; Hahalis, George; Kolettis, Theofilos M.; Iliodromitis, Efstathios; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Stefanadis, Christodoulos title: The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design date: 2020-04-03 journal: Hellenic J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.03.002 sha: doc_id: 270654 cord_uid: cz2y6ta9 file: cache/cord-270530-abiuiiff.json key: cord-270530-abiuiiff authors: Fan, D.-P.; Zhou, T.; Ji, G.-P.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, G.; Fu, H.; Shen, J.; Shao, L. title: Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Scans date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074948 sha: doc_id: 270530 cord_uid: abiuiiff file: cache/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.json key: cord-270519-orh8fd1c authors: Oliveira, A. C. S. d.; Morita, L. H. M.; da Silva, E. B.; Granzotto, D. C. T.; Zardo, L. A. R.; Fontes, C. J. F. title: Bayesian modeling of COVID-19 cases with a correction to account for under-reported cases date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112029 sha: doc_id: 270519 cord_uid: orh8fd1c file: cache/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.json key: cord-270525-nmebqrb1 authors: Núñez-Velasco, Santiago; Mercado-Pimentel, Rodrigo; Plascencia, Miguel Ochoa; Rodríguez-Arias, Regina; Lopez-Espinoza, Gerardo; González-González, Maria Elena; Estrella-Sánchez, Carlos; Ramírez-Huerta, Carlos title: Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Non-COVID-19 Designated Latin-American Neurosurgery Department date: 2020-05-11 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 270525 cord_uid: nmebqrb1 file: cache/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.json key: cord-270475-mkpn9tz6 authors: Requena, Manuel; Olivé, Marta; Muchada, Marian; García-Tornel, Álvaro; Deck, Matías; Juega, Jesús; Boned, Sandra; Rodríguez-Villatoro, Noelia; Piñana, Carlos; Pagola, Jorge; Rodríguez-Luna, David; Hernández, David; Rubiera, Marta; Tomasello, Alejandro; Molina, Carlos A.; Ribo, Marc title: COVID-19 and Stroke: incidence and etiological description in a high-volume center. date: 2020-08-05 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105225 sha: doc_id: 270475 cord_uid: mkpn9tz6 file: cache/cord-270723-cjfglili.json key: cord-270723-cjfglili authors: Fteiha, Bashar; Karameh, Hani; Kurd, Ramzi; Ziff‐Werman, Batsheva; Feldman, Itamar; Bnaya, Alon; Einav, Sharon; Orlev, Amir; Ben‐Chetrit, Eli title: QTc prolongation among hydroxychloroquine sulfate‐treated COVID‐19 patients: An observational study date: 2020-10-15 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13767 sha: doc_id: 270723 cord_uid: cjfglili file: cache/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.json key: cord-270528-3rsv3jlh authors: Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh; Hamblin, Michael R.; Rezaei, Nima title: The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe? 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date: 2020-05-05 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13434 sha: doc_id: 270951 cord_uid: 6nq3jwgr file: cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.json key: cord-270781-f9nra823 authors: Gulia, Ashish; Tiwari, Akshay; Arora, Ramandeep Singh; Gupta, Srinath; Raja, Anand title: Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date: 2020-07-31 journal: Indian J Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00206-3 sha: doc_id: 270781 cord_uid: f9nra823 file: cache/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.json key: cord-270799-2pmpspuj authors: Zayet, Souheil; Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette; Lepiller, Quentin; Zahra, Hajer; Royer, Pierre-Yves; Toko, Lynda; Gendrin, Vincent; Klopfenstein, Timothée title: Clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza: A comparative study on Nord Franche-Comte cluster date: 2020-06-16 journal: Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 270799 cord_uid: 2pmpspuj file: cache/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.json key: cord-270866-olc5r2yx authors: Mallet, Jasmina; Dubertret, Caroline; Le Strat, Yann title: Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review date: 2020-08-12 journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110070 sha: doc_id: 270866 cord_uid: olc5r2yx file: cache/cord-270983-2m38duq4.json key: cord-270983-2m38duq4 authors: Schuivens, Puck M.E.; Buijs, Manon; Boonman-de Winter, Leandra; Veen, Eelco J.; de Groot, Hans F.W.; Buimer, Thijs G.; Ho, Gwan H.; van der Laan, Lijckle title: Impact of the COVID-19 lock down strategy on vascular surgery practice: more major amputations than usual date: 2020-08-04 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.07.025 sha: doc_id: 270983 cord_uid: 2m38duq4 file: cache/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.json key: cord-270868-4s3q2i6v authors: Collins, Lauren F.; Moran, Caitlin A.; Oliver, Nora T.; Moanna, Abeer; Lahiri, Cecile D.; Colasanti, Jonathan A.; Kelley, Colleen F.; Nguyen, Minh L.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Armstrong, Wendy S.; Ofotokun, Ighovwerha; Sheth, Anandi N. title: Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia date: 2020-10-01 journal: AIDS DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002632 sha: doc_id: 270868 cord_uid: 4s3q2i6v file: cache/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.json key: cord-270896-uw59kk4y authors: Benson, Nicole M; Öngür, Dost; Hsu, John title: COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities date: 2020-05-11 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30198-x sha: doc_id: 270896 cord_uid: uw59kk4y file: cache/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.json key: cord-270740-3su8pc3f authors: Sultan, Sherif; Sultan, Mohamed title: COVID-19 Cytokine Storm and Novel Truth date: 2020-05-22 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109875 sha: doc_id: 270740 cord_uid: 3su8pc3f file: cache/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.json key: cord-271089-xzckxnv8 authors: Lifshits, M.; Neklyudova, N. title: COVID-19 mortality rate in Russia: forecasts and reality evaluation date: 2020-09-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201376 sha: doc_id: 271089 cord_uid: xzckxnv8 file: cache/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.json key: cord-270828-h9tgkboe authors: Huang, V. S.; Sutermaster, S.; Caplan, Y.; Kemp, H.; Schmutz, D.; Sgaier, S. K. title: Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements date: 2020-06-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131 sha: doc_id: 270828 cord_uid: h9tgkboe file: cache/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.json key: cord-270922-7z0n78ja authors: Lee, You Hyun; Kim, Yu Cheol; Shin, Jae Pil title: Characteristics of Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu Province, Korea date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e322 sha: doc_id: 270922 cord_uid: 7z0n78ja file: cache/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.json key: cord-270885-wkczsrgu authors: O'Donoghue, Cathal; Sologon, Denisa M.; Kyzyma, Iryna; McHale, John title: Modelling the Distributional impact of the Covid‐19 Crisis(1) date: 2020-06-17 journal: Fisc Stud DOI: 10.1111/1475-5890.12231 sha: doc_id: 270885 cord_uid: wkczsrgu file: cache/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.json key: cord-270935-t9pym9k0 authors: Dumyati, Ghinwa; Gaur, Swati; Nace, David A.; Jump, Robin L.P. title: Does Universal Testing for COVID-19 Work for Everyone? date: 2020-08-15 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.013 sha: doc_id: 270935 cord_uid: t9pym9k0 file: cache/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.json key: cord-270987-7vm6heh1 authors: Al-Awadhi, Abdullah M.; Al-Saifi, Khaled; Al-Awadhi, Ahmad; Alhamadi, Salah title: Death and contagious infectious diseases: Impact of the COVID-19 virus on stock market returns date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Behav Exp Finance DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100326 sha: doc_id: 270987 cord_uid: 7vm6heh1 file: cache/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.json key: cord-270933-ecmg8kti authors: Ali, Ashaq; Siddique, Rabeea; Shi, Hongwei; Shabana; Khan, Suliman; Hu, Junjie; Zaman, Wajid; Wang, Tiejun; Dong, Men; Han, Guang title: COVID-19: Clinical aspects and therapeutics responses date: 2020-07-03 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.022 sha: doc_id: 270933 cord_uid: ecmg8kti file: cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.json key: cord-270970-9gtnsyts authors: Wolf, Michael S.; Serper, Marina; Opsasnick, Lauren; O'Conor, Rachel M.; Curtis, Laura M.; Benavente, Julia Yoshino; Wismer, Guisselle; Batio, Stephanie; Eifler, Morgan; Zheng, Pauline; Russell, Andrea; Arvanitis, Marina; Ladner, Daniela; Kwasny, Mary; Persell, Stephen D.; Rowe, Theresa; Linder, Jeffrey A.; Bailey, Stacy C. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1239 sha: doc_id: 270970 cord_uid: 9gtnsyts file: cache/cord-271032-imc6woht.json key: cord-271032-imc6woht authors: Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas; Reusch, Nico; Paclik, Daniela; Baßler, Kevin; Schlickeiser, Stephan; Zhang, Bowen; Krämer, Benjamin; Krammer, Tobias; Brumhard, Sophia; Bonaguro, Lorenzo; De Domenico, Elena; Wendisch, Daniel; Grasshoff, Martin; Kapellos, Theodore S.; Beckstette, Michael; Pecht, Tal; Saglam, Adem; Dietrich, Oliver; Mei, Henrik E.; Schulz, Axel R.; Conrad, Claudia; Kunkel, Désirée; Vafadarnejad, Ehsan; Xu, Cheng-Jian; Horne, Arik; Herbert, Miriam; Drews, Anna; Thibeault, Charlotte; Pfeiffer, Moritz; Hippenstiel, Stefan; Hocke, Andreas; Müller-Redetzky, Holger; Heim, Katrin-Moira; Machleidt, Felix; Uhrig, Alexander; Bosquillon de Jarcy, Laure; Jürgens, Linda; Stegemann, Miriam; Glösenkamp, Christoph R.; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Goffinet, Christine; Landthaler, Markus; Wyler, Emanuel; Georg, Philipp; Schneider, Maria; Dang-Heine, Chantip; Neuwinger, Nick; Kappert, Kai; Tauber, Rudolf; Corman, Victor; Raabe, Jan; Kaiser, Kim Melanie; Vinh, Michael To; Rieke, Gereon; Meisel, Christian; Ulas, Thomas; Becker, Matthias; Geffers, Robert; Witzenrath, Martin; Drosten, Christian; Suttorp, Norbert; von Kalle, Christof; Kurth, Florian; Händler, Kristian; Schultze, Joachim L.; Aschenbrenner, Anna C.; Li, Yang; Nattermann, Jacob; Sawitzki, Birgit; Saliba, Antoine-Emmanuel; Sander, Leif Erik title: Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment date: 2020-08-05 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 271032 cord_uid: imc6woht file: cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.json key: cord-271048-tq1sk01g authors: Ellis, R.; Hay-David, A.G.C.; Brennan, P.A. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 271048 cord_uid: tq1sk01g file: cache/cord-271212-y8denvju.json key: cord-271212-y8denvju authors: Xu, Xia; Yu, Mu-Qing; Shen, Qian; Wang, Lian-Zhong; Yan, Rong-Di; Zhang, Meng-Yu; Liu, Jian-Yu; Qu, Yi-Qing title: Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-25 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47935 sha: doc_id: 271212 cord_uid: y8denvju file: cache/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.json key: cord-271168-a9sf8f4p authors: Montaner, Joan; Barragán-Prieto, Ana; Pérez-Sánchez, Soledad; Escudero-Martínez, Irene; Moniche, Francisco; Sánchez-Miura, José Antonio; Ruiz-Bayo, Lidia; González, Alejandro title: Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030106 sha: doc_id: 271168 cord_uid: a9sf8f4p file: cache/cord-271220-sntawlnf.json key: cord-271220-sntawlnf authors: Tadic, Marijana; Cuspidi, Cesare; Sala, Carla title: COVID‐19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence? date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) DOI: 10.1111/jch.13912 sha: doc_id: 271220 cord_uid: sntawlnf file: cache/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.json key: cord-271221-aoc61qy5 authors: Markowitz, Kenneth; Strickland, Maxine; Huang, Ai title: Fever and other clinical indicators may fail to detect COVID-19 infected individuals date: 2020-09-22 journal: J Evid Based Dent Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101499 sha: doc_id: 271221 cord_uid: aoc61qy5 file: cache/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.json key: cord-270934-vzsdvrwo authors: Raza, Azra; Assal, Amer; Ali, Abdullah M.; Jurcic, Joseph G. title: Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: Leuk Res Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100201 sha: doc_id: 270934 cord_uid: vzsdvrwo file: cache/cord-271062-ev2efm10.json key: cord-271062-ev2efm10 authors: Fransawy Alkomos, Mina; Aron, Polina; Laxina, Ian; Sanchez, Jessimar; Agnelli, Michael title: COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Bilateral Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in a Young Healthy Female date: 2020-07-19 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9266 sha: doc_id: 271062 cord_uid: ev2efm10 file: cache/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.json key: cord-271042-0ilj86y9 authors: Bonanad, Clara; García-Blas, Sergio; Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco José; Díez-Villanueva, Pablo; Ayesta, Ana; Forés, Juan Sanchis; Vidán-Austiz, Maite; Formiga, Francesc; Ariza-Solé, Albert; Martínez-Sellés, Manuel title: Coronavirus: la emergencia geriátrica de 2020. Documento conjunto de la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología date: 2020-04-03 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.03.027 sha: doc_id: 271042 cord_uid: 0ilj86y9 file: cache/cord-271186-82q22u6i.json key: cord-271186-82q22u6i authors: Picichè, Marco title: Cardiac Involvment in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Inflammatory Syndromes date: 2020-08-05 journal: Trends Cardiovasc Med DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 271186 cord_uid: 82q22u6i file: cache/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.json key: cord-271235-rsewj2mv authors: Morgul, Ebru; Bener, Abdulbari; Atak, Muhammed; Akyel, Salih; Aktaş, Selman; Bhugra, Dinesh; Ventriglio, Antonio; Jordan, Timothy R title: COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey date: 2020-07-10 journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/0020764020941889 sha: doc_id: 271235 cord_uid: rsewj2mv file: cache/cord-271262-xglhx928.json key: cord-271262-xglhx928 authors: Ghia, Samit; Lazar, Michael; Epstein, Jonathan; Bhatt, Himani V. title: “ANESTHESIA STAT” TO INTUBATE A COVID-19 PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 271262 cord_uid: xglhx928 file: cache/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.json key: cord-271416-53qxs7ge authors: Zhou, Kehua; Yang, Shujuan; Jia, Peng title: Towards precision management of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 to reduce mortality date: 2020-04-28 journal: Prog Cardiovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 271416 cord_uid: 53qxs7ge file: cache/cord-271142-ncmr955j.json key: cord-271142-ncmr955j authors: Brandariz-Nuñez, D.; Correas-Sanahuja, M.; Guarc, E.; Picón, R.; García, B.; Gil, R. title: Interacciones medicamentosas potenciales en pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir date: 2020-07-09 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 271142 cord_uid: ncmr955j file: cache/cord-271174-886xc1n3.json key: cord-271174-886xc1n3 authors: Lipworth, Brian; Chan, Rory; Lipworth, Samuel; RuiWen Kuo, Chris title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in Susceptible Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-04-18 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.014 sha: doc_id: 271174 cord_uid: 886xc1n3 file: cache/cord-271187-rlevoj41.json key: cord-271187-rlevoj41 authors: Vijh, Rohit; Ghafari, Cher; Hayden, Althea; Schwandt, Michael; Sekirov, Inna; Morshed, Muhammad; Levett, Paul; Krajden, Mel; Boraston, Suni; Daly, Patricia; Lysyshyn, Mark; Harding, John; McLennan, Meghan; Chahil, Navdeep; Mak, Annie; McKee, Geoff title: Serological Survey following SARS-COV-2 Outbreaks at Long Term Care Facilities in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia: Implications for Outbreak Management and Infection Control Policies date: 2020-10-18 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.009 sha: doc_id: 271187 cord_uid: rlevoj41 file: cache/cord-271308-nypkr537.json key: cord-271308-nypkr537 authors: Drexler, Richard; Hambrecht, Jan M; Oldhafer, Karl J title: Involvement of Medical Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-08-30 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10147 sha: doc_id: 271308 cord_uid: nypkr537 file: cache/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.json key: cord-271363-nsjn05q0 authors: Page, Matthew J.; Welch, Vivian A.; Haddaway, Neal R.; Karunananthan, Sathya; Maxwell, Lara J.; Tugwell, Peter title: ‘One more time’: why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Clin Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 271363 cord_uid: nsjn05q0 file: cache/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.json key: cord-271407-wrhjnz8w authors: Greco, Francesco; Altieri, Vincenzo; Esperto, Francesco; Mirone, Vincenzo; Scarpa, Roberto M. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality-of-life in uro-oncologic patients: what should we wait for? date: 2020-07-17 journal: Clin Genitourin Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 271407 cord_uid: wrhjnz8w file: cache/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.json key: cord-271582-xo2a4wnj authors: Chew, Christopher; Ko, Danielle title: Medical ethics in the era of COVID‐19: Now and the future date: 2020-08-05 journal: Respirology DOI: 10.1111/resp.13927 sha: doc_id: 271582 cord_uid: xo2a4wnj file: cache/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.json key: cord-271525-sgrr0mat authors: Sinha, Rahul; Anand, Vaishakh; Gupta, Juhi; Singh, Sonali; Gulati, Sheffali title: Infantile spasms and COVID-19: Challenges and solutions in resource-limited settings date: 2020-08-18 journal: Epilepsy Res DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106441 sha: doc_id: 271525 cord_uid: sgrr0mat file: cache/cord-271295-24rn45rf.json key: cord-271295-24rn45rf authors: Shoja, Esmail; Aghamohammadi, Vahideh; Bazyar, Hadi; Moghaddam, Hamed Rezakhani; Nasiri, Khadijeh; Dashti, Mohammad; Choupani, Ali; Garaee, Masoumeh; Aliasgharzadeh, Shafagh; Asgari, Amin title: Covid-19 effects on the workload of Iranian healthcare workers date: 2020-11-02 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09743-w sha: doc_id: 271295 cord_uid: 24rn45rf file: cache/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.json key: cord-271404-tu8u1b1d authors: Gaunkar, Ridhima B; Nagarsekar, Aradhana; Carvalho, Karla M; Jodalli, Praveen S; Mascarenhas, Kennedy title: COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission date: 2020-06-25 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8824 sha: doc_id: 271404 cord_uid: tu8u1b1d file: cache/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.json key: cord-271575-n70rqs8c authors: Jager, Kitty J.; Kramer, Anneke; Chesnaye, Nicholas C.; Couchoud, Cécile; Sánchez-Álvarez, J. Emilio; Garneata, Liliana; Collart, Fréderic; Hemmelder, Marc H.; Ambühl, Patrice; Kerschbaum, Julia; Legeai, Camille; Dolores del Pino y Pino, María; Mircescu, Gabriel; Mazzoleni, Lionel; Hoekstra, Tiny; Winzeler, Rebecca; Mayer, Gert; Stel, Vianda S.; Wanner, Christoph; Zoccali, Carmine; Massy, Ziad A. title: Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe. date: 2020-10-15 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 271575 cord_uid: n70rqs8c file: cache/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.json key: cord-271469-lozvq3y6 authors: Shaikh, Faiq; Anderson, Michael; Sohail, M. Rizwan; Mulero, Francisca; Awan, Omer; Dupont-Roettger, Diana; Kubassova, Olga; Dehmsehki, Jamshid; Bisdas, Sotirios title: Current landscape of Imaging and the potential role for Artificial intelligence in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 journal: Curr Probl Diagn Radiol DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 271469 cord_uid: lozvq3y6 file: cache/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.json key: cord-271425-ysdw31nq authors: Carson, R. T.; Carson, S. L.; Dye, T. K.; Mayfield, S. L.; Moyer, D. C.; Yu, C. A. title: COVID-19's U.S. Temperature Response Profile date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225581 sha: doc_id: 271425 cord_uid: ysdw31nq file: cache/cord-271337-2ioap802.json key: cord-271337-2ioap802 authors: Tang, Xiao; Du, Ronghui; Wang, Rui; Cao, Tanze; Guan, Lulu; Yang, Chengqing; Zhu, Qi; Hu, Ming; Li, Xuyan; Li, Ying; Liang, Lirong; Tong, Zhaohui; Sun, Bing; Peng, Peng; Shi, Huanzhong title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1 date: 2020-03-26 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.032 sha: doc_id: 271337 cord_uid: 2ioap802 file: cache/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.json key: cord-271528-ob4l0bcf authors: Bar-Zeev, Naor; Inglesby, Tom title: COVID-19 vaccines: early success and remaining challenges date: 2020-09-04 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31867-5 sha: doc_id: 271528 cord_uid: ob4l0bcf file: cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.json key: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj authors: Zheng, Lei; Miao, Miao; Gan, Yiqun title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 journal: Appl Psychol Health Well Being DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12232 sha: doc_id: 271362 cord_uid: qn5i6cdj file: cache/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.json key: cord-271483-33kuvpl7 authors: Shojaei, Amirahmad; Salari, Pooneh title: COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint date: 2020-05-08 journal: Daru DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00351-y sha: doc_id: 271483 cord_uid: 33kuvpl7 file: cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.json key: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf authors: Skali, Hicham; Murthy, Venkatesh L.; Paez, Diana; Choi, Elisa M.; Keng, Felix Y. J.; Iain, McGhie A.; Al-Mallah, Mouaz; Campisi, Roxana; Bateman, Timothy M.; Carrio, Ignasi; Beanlands, Rob; Calnon, Dennis A.; Dilsizian, Vasken; Dondi, Maurizio; Gimelli, Alessia; Pagnanelli, Robert; Polk, Donna M.; Soman, Prem; Einstein, Andrew J.; Dorbala, Sharmila; Thompson, Randall C. title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 journal: J Nucl Med DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251355 sha: doc_id: 271603 cord_uid: zy4l9vtf file: cache/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.json key: cord-271810-7uzk4pi9 authors: Soriano, Joan B. title: Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks date: 2020-04-25 journal: Eur J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00639-y sha: doc_id: 271810 cord_uid: 7uzk4pi9 file: cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.json key: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 authors: Bailey, Stacy Cooper; Serper, Marina; Opsasnick, Lauren; Persell, Stephen D.; O’Conor, Rachel; Curtis, Laura M.; Benavente, Julia Yoshino; Wismer, Guisselle; Batio, Stephanie; Eifler, Morgan; Zheng, Pauline; Russell, Andrea; Arvanitis, Marina; Ladner, Daniela P.; Kwasny, Mary J.; Rowe, Theresa; Linder, Jeffrey A.; Wolf, Michael S. title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 sha: doc_id: 271599 cord_uid: 1yu1yl12 file: cache/cord-271764-um001ffd.json key: cord-271764-um001ffd authors: Garraud, Olivier title: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma against COVID-19? What about the evidence base and clinical trials? date: 2020-06-27 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102858 sha: doc_id: 271764 cord_uid: um001ffd file: cache/cord-271432-pn02p843.json key: cord-271432-pn02p843 authors: Banerjee, Tannista; Nayak, Arnab title: U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.90 sha: doc_id: 271432 cord_uid: pn02p843 file: cache/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.json key: cord-271840-cw2xy1m6 authors: Majmundar, Neil; Ducruet, Andrew; Prakash, Tannavi; Nanda, Anil; Khandelwal, Priyank title: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Acute Ischemic Stroke date: 2020-09-23 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.158 sha: doc_id: 271840 cord_uid: cw2xy1m6 file: cache/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.json key: cord-271504-t3y1w9ef authors: Luo, Zichao; Ang, Melgious Jin Yan; Chan, Siew Yin; Yi, Zhigao; Goh, Yi Yiing; Yan, Shuangqian; Tao, Jun; Liu, Kai; Li, Xiaosong; Zhang, Hongjie; Huang, Wei; Liu, Xiaogang title: Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community date: 2020-06-16 journal: Research (Wash D C) DOI: 10.34133/2020/6925296 sha: doc_id: 271504 cord_uid: t3y1w9ef file: cache/cord-271813-nroflfmc.json key: cord-271813-nroflfmc authors: Deng, Wang; Guang, Tian-wen; Yang, Mei; Li, Jian-rong; Jiang, De-peng; Li, Chang-yi; Wang, Dao-xin title: Positive results for patients with COVID-19 discharged form hospital in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-19 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05151-y sha: doc_id: 271813 cord_uid: nroflfmc file: cache/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.json key: cord-271814-a2vlkwce authors: Brough, Helen A.; Kalayci, Omer; Sediva, Anna; Untersmayr, Eva; Munblit, Daniel; Rodriguez del Rio, Pablo; Vazquez‐Ortiz, Marta; Arasi, Stefania; Alvaro‐Lozano, Montserrat; Tsabouri, Sophia; Galli, Elena; Beken, Burcin; Eigenmann, Philippe A. title: Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics date: 2020-05-31 journal: Pediatr Allergy Immunol DOI: 10.1111/pai.13262 sha: doc_id: 271814 cord_uid: a2vlkwce file: cache/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.json key: cord-271653-4q2olzx1 authors: Libby, Peter title: The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander? date: 2020-04-10 journal: JACC Basic Transl Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 271653 cord_uid: 4q2olzx1 file: cache/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.json key: cord-271698-n9qd14oe authors: Dy, Louie Florendo; Rabajante, Jomar Fajardo title: A COVID-19 infection risk model for frontline health care workers date: 2020-08-08 journal: Netw Model Anal Health Inform Bioinform DOI: 10.1007/s13721-020-00258-3 sha: doc_id: 271698 cord_uid: n9qd14oe file: cache/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.json key: cord-271781-cfv0ta10 authors: Patel, Kishan P.; Vunnam, Srinivas R.; Patel, Puja A.; Krill, Kaleigh L.; Korbitz, Parker M.; Gallagher, John P.; Suh, Jane E.; Vunnam, Rama R. title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature date: 2020-07-07 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03961-1 sha: doc_id: 271781 cord_uid: cfv0ta10 file: cache/cord-271855-k8zlptas.json key: cord-271855-k8zlptas authors: Davis, Corey S.; Samuels, Elizabeth A. title: Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic - and Beyond date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Addict Med DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000679 sha: doc_id: 271855 cord_uid: k8zlptas file: cache/cord-272071-445ivhx0.json key: cord-272071-445ivhx0 authors: Wunsch, Hannah title: Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology date: 2020-07-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1385ed sha: doc_id: 272071 cord_uid: 445ivhx0 file: cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.json key: cord-271887-blwrpf38 authors: Sampa, Masuda Begum; Hoque, Md. Rakibul; Islam, Rafiqul; Nishikitani, Mariko; Nakashima, Naoki; Yokota, Fumihiko; Kikuchi, Kimiyo; Rahman, Md Moshiur; Shah, Faiz; Ahmed, Ashir title: Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date: 2020-06-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134709 sha: doc_id: 271887 cord_uid: blwrpf38 file: cache/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.json key: cord-271870-8v9w3sps authors: Lee, David; Lee, Jaehong title: Testing on the Move South Korea’s rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100111 sha: doc_id: 271870 cord_uid: 8v9w3sps file: cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.json key: cord-271853-wexe9gq0 authors: Lu, Quan; Cai, Zehao; Chen, Bin; Liu, Tao title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date: 2020-08-14 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165896 sha: doc_id: 271853 cord_uid: wexe9gq0 file: cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.json key: cord-271867-n563yqw4 authors: Falicov, Celia; Niño, Alba; D'Urso, Maria Sol title: Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 journal: Fam Process DOI: 10.1111/famp.12578 sha: doc_id: 271867 cord_uid: n563yqw4 file: cache/cord-271896-1ad18z11.json key: cord-271896-1ad18z11 authors: Janowitz, Tobias; Gablenz, Eva; Pattinson, David; Wang, Timothy C; Conigliaro, Joseph; Tracey, Kevin; Tuveson, David title: Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series date: 2020-06-04 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321852 sha: doc_id: 271896 cord_uid: 1ad18z11 file: cache/cord-271871-8grkln6o.json key: cord-271871-8grkln6o authors: Singer, J. S.; Cheng, E. M.; Murad, D.; de St. Maurice, A.; Hines, O. J.; Uslan, D. Z.; Garner, O.; Pregler, J.; Bukata, S. V.; Pfeffer, M. A.; Cherry, R. A. title: Low Prevalence (0.13%) of COVID-19 Infection in Asymptomatic Pre-operative/Pre-procedure Patients at a Large Academic Medical Center Informs Approaches to Perioperative Care date: 2020-08-14 journal: Surgery DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.07.048 sha: doc_id: 271871 cord_uid: 8grkln6o file: cache/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.json key: cord-271930-9a18h2tr authors: Licari, Amelia; Votto, Martina; Brambilla, Ilaria; Castagnoli, Riccardo; Piccotti, Emanuela; Olcese, Roberta; Tosca, Maria Angela; Ciprandi, Giorgio; Marseglia, Gian Luigi title: Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares date: 2020-05-28 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14369 sha: doc_id: 271930 cord_uid: 9a18h2tr file: cache/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.json key: cord-271920-1dzkgt6w authors: Carpenter, Christopher R.; Mudd, Philip; West, Colin P.; Wilber, Erin; Wilber, Scott T. title: Diagnosing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Exam, Labs, Imaging Accuracy and Biases date: 2020-06-16 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/acem.14048 sha: doc_id: 271920 cord_uid: 1dzkgt6w file: cache/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.json key: cord-271980-8x5g8r7c authors: Yao, Ye; Pan, Jinhua; Liu, Zhixi; Meng, Xia; Wang, Weidong; Kan, Haidong; Wang, Weibing title: Ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution and spread ability of COVID-19 in Chinese cities date: 2020-09-30 journal: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111421 sha: doc_id: 271980 cord_uid: 8x5g8r7c file: cache/cord-271906-2nm55024.json key: cord-271906-2nm55024 authors: Quincho-Lopez, Alvaro; Quincho-Lopez, Dania L.; Hurtado-Medina, Fernando D. title: Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review date: 2020-07-23 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0815 sha: doc_id: 271906 cord_uid: 2nm55024 file: cache/cord-272054-9udb4djk.json key: cord-272054-9udb4djk authors: Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram; Croft, Lori B; Ro, Richard; Anastasius, Malcolm; Zhao, Wenli; Giustino, Gennaro; Argulian, Edgar; Goldman, Martin E; Sharma, Samin K; Kini, Annapoorna; Lerakis, Stamatios title: Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications date: 2020-08-04 journal: Future cardiology DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0100 sha: doc_id: 272054 cord_uid: 9udb4djk file: cache/cord-272200-wkifto2o.json key: cord-272200-wkifto2o authors: Rubin, G James; Smith, Louise E; Melendez-Torres, GJ; Yardley, Lucy title: Improving adherence to ‘test, trace and isolate’ date: 2020-09-10 journal: J R Soc Med DOI: 10.1177/0141076820956824 sha: doc_id: 272200 cord_uid: wkifto2o file: cache/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.json key: cord-271889-qlmp0qul authors: Bhat, Roopa; Hamid, Aws; Kunin, Jeffrey R.; Saboo, Sachin S.; Batra, Kiran; Baruah, Dhiraj; Bhat, Ambarish P. title: Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series date: 2020-04-11 journal: Curr Probl Diagn Radiol DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 271889 cord_uid: qlmp0qul file: cache/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.json key: cord-272137-enfxk1ku authors: Choo, Esther K title: COVID-19 fault lines date: 2020-04-23 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30812-6 sha: doc_id: 272137 cord_uid: enfxk1ku file: cache/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.json key: cord-271944-oxtus5vb authors: Joseph, Rudman; Narula, Naureen; Daouk, Aref; Katyal, Nakul; Acharya, Sudeep; Avula, Akshay; Maroun, Rabih title: Seizure And COVID-19: Association and Review of Potential Mechanism date: 2020-10-13 journal: Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 271944 cord_uid: oxtus5vb file: cache/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.json key: cord-272270-cfpd45qf authors: Li, H.; Li, E.; Krishnamurthy, D.; Kolbay, P.; Chacin, B.; Hoehne, S.; Cybulski, J.; Brewer, L.; Petelenz, T.; Orr, J.; Sakata, D.; Clardy, T.; Kuck, K.; Prakash, M. title: Utah-Stanford Ventilator (Vent4US): Developing a rapidlyscalable ventilator for COVID-19 patients with ARDS date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070367 sha: doc_id: 272270 cord_uid: cfpd45qf file: cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.json key: cord-271957-osaycpe8 authors: Zuin, Marco; Rigatelli, Gianluca; Zuliani, Giovanni; Rigatelli, Alberto; Mazza, Alberto; Roncon, Loris title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.059 sha: doc_id: 271957 cord_uid: osaycpe8 file: cache/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.json key: cord-272154-nrm9ulj5 authors: Gupta, Ravi; Kumar, V. Mohan; Tripathi, Manjari; Datta, Karuna; Narayana, Manjunatha; Ranjan Sarmah, Kripesh; Bhatia, Manvir; Devnani, Preeti; Das, Sourav; Shrivastava, Deepak; Gourineni, Rama Devi; Singh, Tripat Deep; Jindal, Apar; Mallick, Hruda Nanda title: Guidelines of the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) for Practice of Sleep Medicine during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 journal: Sleep Vigil DOI: 10.1007/s41782-020-00097-2 sha: doc_id: 272154 cord_uid: nrm9ulj5 file: cache/cord-272310-imvxrroc.json key: cord-272310-imvxrroc authors: Nyholm, Silvia; Edner, Ann; Myrelid, Åsa; Janols, Helena; Dörenberg, Rainer; Diderholm, Barbro title: Invasive mechanical ventilation in a former preterm infant with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: Acta Paediatr DOI: 10.1111/apa.15437 sha: doc_id: 272310 cord_uid: imvxrroc file: cache/cord-272015-1anph6qi.json key: cord-272015-1anph6qi authors: Dauby, Nicolas; Bottieau, Emmanuel title: The unfinished story of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: the right anti-inflammatory dose at the right moment? date: 2020-10-17 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.032 sha: doc_id: 272015 cord_uid: 1anph6qi file: cache/cord-272112-egsha2j7.json key: cord-272112-egsha2j7 authors: Tartarone, Alfredo; Lerose, Rosa title: COVID-19 and cancer care: what do international guidelines say? date: 2020-08-07 journal: Med Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01406-5 sha: doc_id: 272112 cord_uid: egsha2j7 file: cache/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.json key: cord-272303-6s0qr4e6 authors: Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Bagdonaviciene, Lina; Rodríguez-Pérez, Celia; Petkeviciene, Janina title: Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study date: 2020-10-13 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12103119 sha: doc_id: 272303 cord_uid: 6s0qr4e6 file: cache/cord-272067-241tx1v7.json key: cord-272067-241tx1v7 authors: González-Blanco, Leticia; Santo, Francesco Dal; García-Álvarez, Leticia; de la Fuente-Tomás, Lorena; Lacasa, Carlota Moya; Paniagua, Gonzalo; Sáiz, Pilar A.; García-Portilla, María Paz; Bobes, Julio title: COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls? date: 2020-07-25 journal: Schizophr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018 sha: doc_id: 272067 cord_uid: 241tx1v7 file: cache/cord-272295-9sonr8or.json key: cord-272295-9sonr8or authors: Lechien, Jerome R.; Ducarme, Morgane; Place, Sammy; Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M.; Khalife, Mohamad; De Riu, Giacomo; Vaira, Luigi Angelo; de Terwangne, Christophe; Machayekhi, Shahram; Marchant, Arnaud; Journe, Fabrice; Saussez, Sven title: Objective Olfactory Findings in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-31 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080627 sha: doc_id: 272295 cord_uid: 9sonr8or file: cache/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.json key: cord-272427-jqs00ilp authors: Li, Yu-xuan; He, Chang-zheng; Liu, Yi-chen; Zhao, Peng-yue; Xu, Xiao-lei; Wang, Yu-feng; Xia, Shao-you; Du, Xiao-hui title: The impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective study date: 2020-10-02 journal: BMC Surg DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00885-7 sha: doc_id: 272427 cord_uid: jqs00ilp file: cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.json key: cord-272195-c4xypzdx authors: Alahmad, Barrak; Kurdi, Hussam; Colonna, Kyle; Gasana, Janvier; Agnew, Jacqueline; Fox, Mary A title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 sha: doc_id: 272195 cord_uid: c4xypzdx file: cache/cord-272128-93tmtji8.json key: cord-272128-93tmtji8 authors: Becher, Yael; Goldman, Leonid; Schacham, Nadav; Gringauz, Irina; Justo, Dan title: D-dimer and C-reactive Protein Blood Levels Over Time Used to Predict Pulmonary Embolism in Two COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001725 sha: doc_id: 272128 cord_uid: 93tmtji8 file: cache/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.json key: cord-272219-w4lyryr7 authors: Chate, Rodrigo Caruso; Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes; Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte; Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva; Shoji, Hamilton; Szarf, Gilberto title: Presentation of pulmonary infection on CT in COVID-19: initial experience in Brazil date: 2020 journal: J Bras Pneumol DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200121 sha: doc_id: 272219 cord_uid: w4lyryr7 file: cache/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.json key: cord-272419-y3ebt4jm authors: Monari, Caterina; Gentile, Valeria; Camaioni, Clarissa; Marino, Giulia; Coppola, Nicola title: A Focus on the Nowadays Potential Antiviral Strategies in Early Phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-09 journal: Life (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/life10080146 sha: doc_id: 272419 cord_uid: y3ebt4jm file: cache/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.json key: cord-272178-g1mfkrz2 authors: Akoluk, Arda; Mazahir, Usman; Douedi, Steven; Aziz, Adel; Obagi, Aref; Kiss, Daniel; Flynn, Daniel; Costanzo, Eric; Simsir, Sinan A; Saybolt, Matthew D title: Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA date: 2020-09-03 journal: Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med DOI: 10.1177/1179548420957451 sha: doc_id: 272178 cord_uid: g1mfkrz2 file: cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.json key: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t authors: De Lorenzo, Antonino; Tarsitano, Maria Grazia; Falcone, Carmela; Di Renzo, Laura; Romano, Lorenzo; Macheda, Sebastiano; Ferrarelli, Anna; Labate, Demetrio; Tescione, Marco; Bilotta, Federico; Gualtieri, Paola title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02464-z sha: doc_id: 272349 cord_uid: cqzfjg5t file: cache/cord-272300-ck301hcu.json key: cord-272300-ck301hcu authors: Chahrour, Mohamad; Assi, Sahar; Bejjani, Michael; Nasrallah, Ali A; Salhab, Hamza; Fares, Mohamad; Khachfe, Hussein H title: A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output date: 2020-03-21 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7357 sha: doc_id: 272300 cord_uid: ck301hcu file: cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.json key: cord-272314-6suu8n75 authors: Hetland, Breanna; Lindroth, Heidi; Guttormson, Jill; Chlan, Linda L. title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.04.021 sha: doc_id: 272314 cord_uid: 6suu8n75 file: cache/cord-272445-0xauff51.json key: cord-272445-0xauff51 authors: Naaber, Paul; Hunt, Kaidi; Pesukova, Jaana; Haljasmägi, Liis; Rumm, Pauliina; Peterson, Pärt; Hololejenko, Jelena; Eero, Irina; Jõgi, Piia; Toompere, Karolin; Sepp, Epp title: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data date: 2020-10-27 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237548 sha: doc_id: 272445 cord_uid: 0xauff51 file: cache/cord-272491-a84pahdr.json key: cord-272491-a84pahdr authors: Maron-Gutierrez, Tatiana; Rocco, Patricia R. M. title: Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583017 sha: doc_id: 272491 cord_uid: a84pahdr file: cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.json key: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr authors: Al-Anzi, Bader S.; Alenizi, Mohammad; Al Dallal, Jehad; Abookleesh, Frage Lhadi; Ullah, Aman title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings date: 2020-09-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197016 sha: doc_id: 272497 cord_uid: ww9o1kjr file: cache/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.json key: cord-272395-ygtqbqjf authors: González-Fernández, Jorge; Ibáñez-Bernáldez, María; Amador Martínez-Tejedor, José; Alama-Carrizo, Sergio; Sánchez-Ugena, Félix title: Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 272395 cord_uid: ygtqbqjf file: cache/cord-272426-0bpod47w.json key: cord-272426-0bpod47w authors: GEMCIOGLU, Emin; DAVUTOGLU, Mehmet; OZDEMIR, Ese Ece; ERDEN, Abdulsamet title: Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-16 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102196 sha: doc_id: 272426 cord_uid: 0bpod47w file: cache/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.json key: cord-272318-8yfg1j0o authors: Reddy, Sujan T.; Garg, Tanu; Shah, Chintan; Nascimento, Fábio A.; Imran, Rajeel; Kan, Peter; Bowry, Ritvij; Gonzales, Nicole; Barreto, Andrew; Kumar, Abhay; Volpi, John; Misra, Vivek; Chiu, David; Gadhia, Rajan; Savitz, Sean I. title: Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series date: 2020-06-11 journal: Case Rep Neurol DOI: 10.1159/000508958 sha: doc_id: 272318 cord_uid: 8yfg1j0o file: cache/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.json key: cord-272452-tfj8j9ww authors: Berger, Jeffrey S.; Kunichoff, Dennis; Adhikari, Samrachana; Ahuja, Tania; Amoroso, Nancy; Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon; Cao, Meng; Goldenberg, Ronald; Hindenburg, Alexander; Horowitz, James; Parnia, Sam; Petrilli, Christopher; Reynolds, Harmony; Simon, Emma; Slater, James; Yaghi, Shadi; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Hochman, Judith; Horwitz, Leora I. title: Prevalence and Outcomes of D-Dimer Elevation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314872 sha: doc_id: 272452 cord_uid: tfj8j9ww file: cache/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.json key: cord-272457-vbqj0bj0 authors: Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy; Varshney, Saurabh; Dutt, Naveen title: Markers of coagulation dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02270-w sha: doc_id: 272457 cord_uid: vbqj0bj0 file: cache/cord-272553-bcmta2he.json key: cord-272553-bcmta2he authors: Wang, Zhiqiang; Wang, Zhigang; Xiong, Guoping title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 journal: Int J Gynaecol Obstet DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13265 sha: doc_id: 272553 cord_uid: bcmta2he file: cache/cord-272494-du3y82pq.json key: cord-272494-du3y82pq authors: Abbas, Abdul-Rahman; Alsafi, Zaid; Rahman, Adil; Syed, Sabeeh title: Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 272494 cord_uid: du3y82pq file: cache/cord-272546-zznm13ik.json key: cord-272546-zznm13ik authors: Van den Eynde, Jef; De Groote, Senne; Van Lerberghe, Robin; Van den Eynde, Raf; Oosterlinck, Wouter title: Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Robot Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01090-7 sha: doc_id: 272546 cord_uid: zznm13ik file: cache/cord-272444-3qm29srx.json key: cord-272444-3qm29srx authors: Courtney, Alona; Howell, Ann-Marie; Daulatzai, Najib; Savva, Nicos; Warren, Oliver; Mills, Sarah; Rasheed, Shahnawaz; Milind, Goel; Tekkis, Nicholas; Gardiner, Matthew; Dai, Tinglong; Safar, Bashar; Efron, Jonathan E; Darzi, Ara; Tekkis, Paris; Kontovounisios, Christos title: CRC COVID: Colorectal Cancer Services during COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol for service evaluation date: 2020-08-11 journal: Int J Surg Protoc DOI: 10.1016/j.isjp.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 272444 cord_uid: 3qm29srx file: cache/cord-272509-os02hlf1.json key: cord-272509-os02hlf1 authors: Burns, Graham P; Lane, Nicholas D; Tedd, Hilary M; Deutsch, Elizabeth; Douglas, Florence; West, Sophie D; Macfarlane, Jim G; Wiscombe, Sarah; Funston, Wendy title: Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital date: 2020-07-05 journal: BMJ Open Respir Res DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000621 sha: doc_id: 272509 cord_uid: os02hlf1 file: cache/cord-272600-0uklma5w.json key: cord-272600-0uklma5w authors: Loi, Kim Ieng; Lei, Weng Si; Lourenço, Fernando title: Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neo-institutional theory – The case of Macao date: 2020-11-02 journal: Int J Hosp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102755 sha: doc_id: 272600 cord_uid: 0uklma5w file: cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.json key: cord-272726-ljjirt4g authors: Brethauer, Stacy A.; Poulose, Benjamin K.; Needleman, Bradley J.; Sims, Carrie; Arnold, Mark; Washburn, Kenneth; Tsung, Allan; Mokadam, Nahush; Sarac, Timur; Merritt, Robert; Pawlik, Timothy M. title: Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Gastrointest Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04608-4 sha: doc_id: 272726 cord_uid: ljjirt4g file: cache/cord-272630-2na1gndu.json key: cord-272630-2na1gndu authors: Benito, Daniel A.; Pasick, Luke; Mulcahy, Collin F.; Rajasekaran, Karthik; Todd-Hesham, Hosai; Joshi, Arjun S.; Goodman, Joseph F.; Thakkar, Punam title: Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations date: 2020-08-20 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102688 sha: doc_id: 272630 cord_uid: 2na1gndu file: cache/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.json key: cord-272537-ivqmw0dy authors: Smilowitz, Nathaniel R.; Subashchandran, Varun; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Horowitz, James M.; Reynolds, Harmony R.; Hochman, Judith S.; Berger, Jeffrey S. title: Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Viral Respiratory Infections versus COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.075 sha: doc_id: 272537 cord_uid: ivqmw0dy file: cache/cord-272772-zqmychmr.json key: cord-272772-zqmychmr authors: Stall, Nathan M.; Johnstone, Jennie; McGeer, Allison J.; Dhuper, Misha; Dunning, Julie; Sinha, Samir K. title: Finding the Right Balance: An Evidence-Informed Guidance Document to Support the Re-Opening of Canadian Nursing Homes to Family Caregivers and Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.038 sha: doc_id: 272772 cord_uid: zqmychmr file: cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.json key: cord-272585-346ef6qy authors: Lombardi, JM; Bottiglieri, T; Desai, N; Riew, KD; Boddapati, V; Weller, M; Bourgois, C; McChrystal, S; Lehman, RA title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 journal: Spine J DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.05.539 sha: doc_id: 272585 cord_uid: 346ef6qy file: cache/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.json key: cord-272681-u3p0hsla authors: Vargas-Gandica, Jair; Winter, Daniel; Schnippe, Rainer; Rodriguez-Morales, Andrea G.; Mondragon, Johana; Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo; Trelles-Thorne, María del Pilar; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto title: Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Neurovirol DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00875-8 sha: doc_id: 272681 cord_uid: u3p0hsla file: cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.json key: cord-272727-a5ngjuyz authors: Bertsimas, D.; Boussioux, L.; Cory Wright, R.; Delarue, A.; Digalakis, V.; Jacquillat, A.; Lahlou Kitane, D.; Lukin, G.; Li, M. L.; Mingardi, L.; Nohadani, O.; Orfanoudaki, A.; Papalexopoulos, T.; Paskov, I.; Pauphilet, J.; Skali Lami, O.; Stellato, B.; Tazi Bouardi, H.; Villalobos Carballo, K.; Wiberg, H.; Zeng, C. title: From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20141127 sha: doc_id: 272727 cord_uid: a5ngjuyz file: cache/cord-272654-hh29olk7.json key: cord-272654-hh29olk7 authors: Bošnjak, Berislav; Stein, Saskia Catherina; Willenzon, Stefanie; Cordes, Anne Katrin; Puppe, Wolfram; Bernhardt, Günter; Ravens, Inga; Ritter, Christiane; Schultze-Florey, Christian R.; Gödecke, Nina; Martens, Jörg; Kleine-Weber, Hannah; Hoffmann, Markus; Cossmann, Anne; Yilmaz, Mustafa; Pink, Isabelle; Hoeper, Marius M.; Behrens, Georg M. N.; Pöhlmann, Stefan; Blasczyk, Rainer; Schulz, Thomas F.; Förster, Reinhold title: Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods date: 2020-11-02 journal: Cell Mol Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00573-9 sha: doc_id: 272654 cord_uid: hh29olk7 file: cache/cord-272715-33c85eaa.json key: cord-272715-33c85eaa authors: Ma, R. C. W.; Holt, R. I. G. title: COVID‐19 and diabetes date: 2020-04-03 journal: Diabet Med DOI: 10.1111/dme.14300 sha: doc_id: 272715 cord_uid: 33c85eaa file: cache/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.json key: cord-272566-rtnhndw3 authors: Robertson, M.; Kulkarni, S.; Berry, A.; Mirzayi, C.; Maroko, A. R.; Zimba, R.; Westmoreland, D.; Grov, C.; Parcesepe, A.; Waldron, L.; Nash, D. title: A national prospective cohort study of SARS/COV2 pandemic outcomes in the U.S.: The CHASING COVID Cohort date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20080630 sha: doc_id: 272566 cord_uid: rtnhndw3 file: cache/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.json key: cord-272720-isqc0bv8 authors: Keil, Evan J.; Navarro, Sergio M.; Shaikh, Hashim; Yao, Lilian E.; Tuttle, Todd M. title: Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-14 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00326 sha: doc_id: 272720 cord_uid: isqc0bv8 file: cache/cord-272573-wxqly479.json key: cord-272573-wxqly479 authors: Maia Chagas, Andre; Molloy, Jennifer C.; Prieto-Godino, Lucia L.; Baden, Tom title: Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems date: 2020-04-24 journal: PLoS Biol DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000730 sha: doc_id: 272573 cord_uid: wxqly479 file: cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.json key: cord-272843-fis10xbi authors: Chowdhury, Rajiv; van Daalen, Kim R.; Franco, Oscar H. title: Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-08-19 journal: Global heart DOI: 10.5334/gh.879 sha: doc_id: 272843 cord_uid: fis10xbi file: cache/cord-272737-m05f4eml.json key: cord-272737-m05f4eml authors: Ko, Jane P.; Liu, Gigi; Klein, Jeffrey S.; Mossa-Basha, Mahmud; Azadi, Javad R. title: Pulmonary COVID-19: Multimodality Imaging Examples date: 2020-10-09 journal: Radiographics DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200158 sha: doc_id: 272737 cord_uid: m05f4eml file: cache/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.json key: cord-272916-q8zjrodm authors: Arasteh, Peyman; Pakfetrat, Maryam; Roozbeh, Jamshid title: A surge in methanol poisoning amid COVID-19 pandemic: why is this occurring? date: 2020-05-20 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 272916 cord_uid: q8zjrodm file: cache/cord-272778-aixiioii.json key: cord-272778-aixiioii authors: Chen, Qingqing; Zheng, Zhencang; Zhang, Chao; Zhang, Xijiang; Wu, Huijuan; Wang, Jingdong; Wang, Shuwei; Zheng, Cheng title: Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China date: 2020-04-28 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5 sha: doc_id: 272778 cord_uid: aixiioii file: cache/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.json key: cord-272757-pyl89jqk authors: Sarhan, A. R.; Flaih, M. H.; Hussein, T. A.; Hussein, K. R. title: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iraq: The First Wave and Future Scenario date: 2020-06-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20138370 sha: doc_id: 272757 cord_uid: pyl89jqk file: cache/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.json key: cord-272909-n6wfe1of authors: Peng, Shu; Huang, Liu; Zhao, Bo; Zhou, Shuchang; Braithwaite, Irene; Zhang, Ni; Fu, Xiangning title: Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 272909 cord_uid: n6wfe1of file: cache/cord-272872-w592wmvr.json key: cord-272872-w592wmvr authors: Banerjee, Sourav; Guha, Aritra; Das, Avishikta; Nandi, Mousami; Mondal, Rakesh title: A Preliminary Report of COVID-19 in Children in India date: 2020-07-28 journal: Indian Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-2004-6 sha: doc_id: 272872 cord_uid: w592wmvr file: cache/cord-273017-9yni18cl.json key: cord-273017-9yni18cl authors: Lau, Lincoln Leehang; Hung, Natalee; Wilson, Kendall title: COVID-19 response strategies: considering inequalities between and within countries date: 2020-08-12 journal: Int J Equity Health DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01254-9 sha: doc_id: 273017 cord_uid: 9yni18cl file: cache/cord-272796-7br822q3.json key: cord-272796-7br822q3 authors: Shang, Luxiang; Shao, Mengjiao; Guo, Qilong; Shi, Jia; Zhao, Yang; Xiaokereti, Jiasuoer; Tang, Baopeng title: Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Severe Infection and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 272796 cord_uid: 7br822q3 file: cache/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.json key: cord-272828-13i2y9kc authors: Bagheri, Seyed Hamidreza; Asghari, Alimohamad; Farhadi, Mohammad; Shamshiri, Ahmad Reza; Kabir, Ali; Kamrava, Seyed Kamran; Jalessi, Maryam; Mohebbi, Alireza; Alizadeh, Rafieh; Honarmand, Ali Asghar; Ghalehbaghi, Babak; Salimi, Alireza; Dehghani Firouzabadi, Fatemeh title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran date: 2020-06-15 journal: Med J Islam Repub Iran DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.62 sha: doc_id: 272828 cord_uid: 13i2y9kc file: cache/cord-273005-kab6f157.json key: cord-273005-kab6f157 authors: Longhurst, Georga J.; Stone, Danya M.; Dulohery, Kate; Scully, Deirdre; Campbell, Thomas; Smith, Claire F. title: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-09 journal: Anat Sci Educ DOI: 10.1002/ase.1967 sha: doc_id: 273005 cord_uid: kab6f157 file: cache/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.json key: cord-272846-pkhu2zvt authors: Capasso Palamim, Camila Vantini; Lima Marson, Fernando Augusto title: COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 272846 cord_uid: pkhu2zvt file: cache/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.json key: cord-272975-gzsd4ybt authors: Antony, Arun; Haneef, Zulfi title: Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 journal: Seizure DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.014 sha: doc_id: 272975 cord_uid: gzsd4ybt file: cache/cord-272961-z0pbah73.json key: cord-272961-z0pbah73 authors: Zhang, Jie; Meng, Guangping; Li, Wei; Shi, Bingqing; Dong, Hongna; Su, Zhenzhong; Huang, Qian; Gao, Peng title: Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-14 journal: Respir Res DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01440-x sha: doc_id: 272961 cord_uid: z0pbah73 file: cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.json key: cord-273036-nrc35akc authors: Zou, Xiaojing; Li, Shusheng; Fang, Minghao; Hu, Ming; Bian, Yi; Ling, Jianmin; Yu, Shanshan; Jing, Liang; Li, Donghui; Huang, Jiao title: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004411 sha: doc_id: 273036 cord_uid: nrc35akc file: cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.json key: cord-272933-b2phq37e authors: Alonso Tabares, Diego title: An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Air Transp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101943 sha: doc_id: 272933 cord_uid: b2phq37e file: cache/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.json key: cord-272995-yvj2pqh1 authors: Bergman, Christian; Stall, Nathan M.; Haimowitz, Daniel; Aronson, Louise; Lynn, Joanne; Steinberg, Karl; Wasserman, Michael title: Recommendations for Welcoming Back Nursing Home Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Delphi Panel date: 2020-10-07 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.036 sha: doc_id: 272995 cord_uid: yvj2pqh1 file: cache/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.json key: cord-272958-0jw75vsm authors: Liu, Ai-Ling; Xu, Ning; Li, Ai-Jun title: COVID-19 with asthma: A case report date: 2020-08-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3355 sha: doc_id: 272958 cord_uid: 0jw75vsm file: cache/cord-272989-14exeaud.json key: cord-272989-14exeaud authors: Dawoud, Dalia; Chen, Aleda M.H.; Rossing, Charlotte Verner; Garcia-Cardenas, Victoria; Law, Anandi V.; Aslani, Parisa; Bates, Ian; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Desselle, Shane title: Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group date: 2020-08-26 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 272989 cord_uid: 14exeaud file: cache/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.json key: cord-273044-ikk9d6wz authors: Knio, Ziyad O; Shelton, J. Alan; O'Gara, Tadhg title: Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8162 sha: doc_id: 273044 cord_uid: ikk9d6wz file: cache/cord-273050-reez33md.json key: cord-273050-reez33md authors: Wang, Zhenling; Pan, Hailong; Jiang, Boguang title: Type I IFN deficiency: an immunological characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-14 journal: Signal Transduct Target Ther DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00306-4 sha: doc_id: 273050 cord_uid: reez33md file: cache/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.json key: cord-273114-eanwxkvt authors: Perrone, Serafina; Deolmi, Michela; Giordano, Maurizio; D’Alvano, Tiziana; Gambini, Lucia; Corradi, Mara; Frusca, Tiziana; Ghi, Tullio; Esposito, Susanna title: Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9743 sha: doc_id: 273114 cord_uid: eanwxkvt file: cache/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.json key: cord-273200-hoqpkdqo authors: Gold, Azgad; Strous, Rael D; Appelbaum, Paul S title: COVID-19 and involuntary hospitalisation: navigating the challenge date: 2020-06-18 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30246-7 sha: doc_id: 273200 cord_uid: hoqpkdqo file: cache/cord-273093-u79r80ip.json key: cord-273093-u79r80ip authors: Laforge, Mireille; Elbim, Carole; Frère, Corinne; Hémadi, Miryana; Massaad, Charbel; Nuss, Philippe; Benoliel, Jean-Jacques; Becker, Chrystel title: Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1 sha: doc_id: 273093 cord_uid: u79r80ip file: cache/cord-273262-1vqp188q.json key: cord-273262-1vqp188q authors: Lal, Amos; Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Sahu, Kamal Kant title: CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-04 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.010 sha: doc_id: 273262 cord_uid: 1vqp188q file: cache/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.json key: cord-273176-7z6e5jhh authors: Agarwal, A.; Mukherjee, A.; Kumar, G.; Chatterjee, P.; Bhatnagar, T.; Malhotra, P.; Latha, B.; Bundas, S.; Kumar, V.; Dosi, R.; Khambholja, J. K.; de Souza, R.; Mesipogu, R. R.; Srivastava, S.; Dube, S.; Chaudhary, K.; S, S.; Mattuvar K, S. A.; Rajendran, V.; Sundararajaperumal, A.; Balamanikandan, P.; Maheswari, R. S. U.; Jayanthi, R.; Ragunanthanan, S.; Bhandari, S.; Singh, A.; Pal, A.; Handa, A.; Rankawat, G.; Kargirwar, K.; Regi, J.; Rathod, D.; Pathrose, E.; Bhutaka, N.; Patel, M. H.; Verma, R. J.; Malukani, K.; Patel, S.; Thakur, A.; Joshi, S.; Kulkarni, R.; Suthar, N. N.; Shah, N. M. title: Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in India: An open-label parallel-arm phase II multicentre randomized controlled trial (PLACID Trial) date: 2020-09-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20187252 sha: doc_id: 273176 cord_uid: 7z6e5jhh file: cache/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.json key: cord-273138-bjm7v26f authors: Tao, Pei-Yao; Leng, Ling; Liu, Kun; Zhou, Ri-Hua; Hu, Yue-Chun; Wu, Shang-Jie; Xiao, Yu-Dong; Liu, Jun title: Determination of risk factors for predicting the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients date: 2020-08-06 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47576 sha: doc_id: 273138 cord_uid: bjm7v26f file: cache/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.json key: cord-273022-r2rz2onv authors: Primov-Fever, Adi; Roziner, Ilan; Amir, Ofer title: Songbirds Must Sing: How Artistic Voice Users Perceive Their Voice in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Voice DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.07.030 sha: doc_id: 273022 cord_uid: r2rz2onv file: cache/cord-273213-b3nla9di.json key: cord-273213-b3nla9di authors: Liu, Jing; Li, Sumeng; Liu, Jia; Liang, Boyun; Wang, Xiaobei; Wang, Hua; Li, Wei; Tong, Qiaoxia; Yi, Jianhua; Zhao, Lei; Xiong, Lijuan; Guo, Chunxia; Tian, Jin; Luo, Jinzhuo; Yao, Jinghong; Pang, Ran; Shen, Hui; Peng, Cheng; Liu, Ting; Zhang, Qian; Wu, Jun; Xu, Ling; Lu, Sihong; Wang, Baoju; Weng, Zhihong; Han, Chunrong; Zhu, Huabing; Zhou, Ruxia; Zhou, Helong; Chen, Xiliu; Ye, Pian; Zhu, Bin; Wang, Lu; Zhou, Wenqing; He, Shengsong; He, Yongwen; Jie, Shenghua; Wei, Ping; Zhang, Jianao; Lu, Yinping; Wang, Weixian; Zhang, Li; Li, Ling; Zhou, Fengqin; Wang, Jun; Dittmer, Ulf; Lu, Mengji; Hu, Yu; Yang, Dongliang; Zheng, Xin title: Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients date: 2020-04-18 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102763 sha: doc_id: 273213 cord_uid: b3nla9di file: cache/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.json key: cord-273175-bao8xxe2 authors: Tran, Viet-Thi; Ravaud, Philippe title: COVID-19–related perceptions, context and attitudes of adults with chronic conditions: Results from a cross-sectional survey nested in the ComPaRe e-cohort date: 2020-08-06 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237296 sha: doc_id: 273175 cord_uid: bao8xxe2 file: cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.json key: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 authors: Zheng, Fang; Liao, Chun; Fan, Qi-hong; Chen, Hong-bo; Zhao, Xue-gong; Xie, Zhong-guo; Li, Xi-lin; Chen, Chun-xi; Lu, Xiao-xia; Liu, Zhi-sheng; Lu, Wei; Chen, Chun-bao; Jiao, Rong; Zhang, Ai-ming; Wang, Jin-tang; Ding, Xi-wei; Zeng, Yao-guang; Cheng, Li-ping; Huang, Qing-feng; Wu, Jiang; Luo, Xi-chang; Wang, Zhu-jun; Zhong, Yan-yan; Bai, Yan; Wu, Xiao-yan; Jin, Run-ming title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6 sha: doc_id: 273209 cord_uid: ou80n3p3 file: cache/cord-273150-bz617ovx.json key: cord-273150-bz617ovx authors: John, Teny M.; Malek, Alexandre E.; Shpall, Elizabeth J.; Mulanovich, Victor E.; Adachi, Javier A.; Raad, Issam I.; Aitken, Samuel L.; Hamilton, Alexis Ruth; Jain, Nitin; Klein, Kimberly; Martinez, Fernando; Rezvani, Katayoun; Jacob, Ceena N.; Cherian, Sujith V.; Manzano, Joanna-Grace M.; Wegner, Robert; Muthu, Mayoora title: Migratory Pulmonary Infiltrates in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection and the Role of Corticosteroids date: 2020-06-24 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 273150 cord_uid: bz617ovx file: cache/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.json key: cord-273283-gb0m6fue authors: Altschul, David J.; Unda, Santiago R.; Benton, Joshua; de la Garza Ramos, Rafael; Cezayirli, Phillip; Mehler, Mark; Eskandar, Emad N. title: A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-07 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73962-9 sha: doc_id: 273283 cord_uid: gb0m6fue file: cache/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.json key: cord-273235-jxsldz4o authors: Kennelly, Sean P; Dyer, Adam H; Noonan, Claire; Martin, Ruth; Kennelly, Siobhan M; Martin, Alan; O’Neill, Desmond; Fallon, Aoife title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-09-28 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa220 sha: doc_id: 273235 cord_uid: jxsldz4o file: cache/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.json key: cord-273269-bjgfm73q authors: Meyer, Christian Johannes; Hardy, Morgan; Witte, Marc; Kagy, Gisella; Demeke, Eyoual title: The market-reach of pandemics: Evidence from female workers in Ethiopia’s ready-made garment industry date: 2020-10-14 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105179 sha: doc_id: 273269 cord_uid: bjgfm73q file: cache/cord-273322-zz733a0k.json key: cord-273322-zz733a0k authors: ZHAO, Yang; SUN, De Lin; Bouchard, Heather C.; ZHANG, Xin Xin; WAN, Gang; HAO Yi, Wei; HE, Shu Xin; JIANG, Yu Yong; PANG, Lin title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China date: 2020-08-31 journal: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences DOI: 10.3967/bes2020.080 sha: doc_id: 273322 cord_uid: zz733a0k file: cache/cord-273416-332stbjl.json key: cord-273416-332stbjl authors: Liu, Tianyuan; Nogueira, Leandro Balzano; Lleo, Ana; Conesa, Ana title: Transcriptional differences for COVID-19 Disease Map genes between males and females indicate a different basal immunophenotype relevant to the disease date: 2020-10-01 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.30.321059 sha: doc_id: 273416 cord_uid: 332stbjl file: cache/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.json key: cord-273477-ifhgbm2e authors: Lee, Joon Kee; Jeong, Hye Won title: Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals date: 2020-05-06 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.202 sha: doc_id: 273477 cord_uid: ifhgbm2e file: cache/cord-273308-rocbfx62.json key: cord-273308-rocbfx62 authors: Siguret, Virginie; Voicu, Sebastian; Neuwirth, Marie; Delrue, Maxime; Gayat, Etienne; Stépanian, Alain; Mégarbane, Bruno title: Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-08 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.016 sha: doc_id: 273308 cord_uid: rocbfx62 file: cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.json key: cord-273045-ele1cz86 authors: Johnson, Claire D.; Green, Bart N.; Konarski-Hart, Karen K.; Hewitt, Elise G.; Napuli, Jason G.; Foshee, William K.; Brown, Jason W.; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Stuber, Kent J.; Lerede, Caterina; Charlton, Scott T.; Field, Jonathan R.; Botelho, Marcelo B.; Da Silva, Kendrah L.; Tønner, Gitte; Yap, Terrence BK.; Gkolfinopoulos, Vasileios S.; Quintero, Gabriel; Agaoglu, Mustafa H. title: Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Manipulative Physiol Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 273045 cord_uid: ele1cz86 file: cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.json key: cord-273303-g86w0xt5 authors: Latz, Christopher A.; 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Y. Maximilian; Tanious, Adam; Kibrik, Pavel; Conrad, Mark; Eagleton, Matthew; Dua, Anahita title: Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.032 sha: doc_id: 273303 cord_uid: g86w0xt5 file: cache/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.json key: cord-273315-el2qjtqc authors: Wang, Ying; Shi, Li; Wang, Yadong; Duan, Guangcai; Yang, Haiyan title: Cerebrovascular disease is associated with the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04542-y sha: doc_id: 273315 cord_uid: el2qjtqc file: cache/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.json key: cord-273318-82ptu8fi authors: Prats-Uribe, A.; G. Sena, A.; Yin Hui Lai, L.; Ahmed, W.-U.-R.; Alghoul, H.; Alser, O.; Alshammari, T. M.; Areia, C.; Carter, W.; Casajust, P.; Dawoud, D.; Golozar, A.; Jonnagaddala, J.; Mehta, P.; Menchung, G.; Morales, D. R.; Nyberg, F.; Posada, J. D.; Recalde, M.; Roel, E.; Shah, K.; Shah, N.; Schilling, L. M.; Subbian, V.; Vizcaya, D.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, H.; Liu, L.; Rijnbeek, P.; Hripcsak, G.; Lane, J. C. E.; Burn, E.; Reich, C.; Suchard, M. A.; Duarte-Salles, T.; Kosta, K.; Ryan, P. B.; PRIETO-ALHAMBRA, D. title: Heterogeneity and temporal variation in the management of COVID-19: a multinational drug utilization study including 71,921 hospitalized patients from China, South Korea, Spain, and the United States of America date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195545 sha: doc_id: 273318 cord_uid: 82ptu8fi file: cache/cord-273349-penb65x7.json key: cord-273349-penb65x7 authors: Zhang, Chao; Shi, Lei; Wang, Fu-Sheng title: Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-05-31 journal: The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30057-1 sha: doc_id: 273349 cord_uid: penb65x7 file: cache/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.json key: cord-273495-hruq0hdw authors: Waffo Tchounga, C.A.; Sacre, P.Y.; Ciza, P.; Ngono, R.; Ziemons, E.; Hubert, Ph.; Marini, R.D. title: Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-12 journal: J Pharm Biomed Anal DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113761 sha: doc_id: 273495 cord_uid: hruq0hdw file: cache/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.json key: cord-273541-47n8i2qg authors: Mena Lora, Alfredo J.; Ali, Mirza; Krill, Candice; Borgetti, Scott A.; Spencer, Sherrie; Lavani, Romeen; Takhsh, Eden; Bleasdale, Susan C. title: Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital date: 2020-10-20 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1272 sha: doc_id: 273541 cord_uid: 47n8i2qg file: cache/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.json key: cord-273331-pu4cr3bh authors: Pinkham, Amy E.; Ackerman, Robert A.; Depp, Colin A.; Harvey, Philip D.; Moore, Raeanne C. title: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Individuals with Pre-existing Severe Mental Illnesses date: 2020-10-01 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113493 sha: doc_id: 273331 cord_uid: pu4cr3bh file: cache/cord-273493-xsroivzj.json key: cord-273493-xsroivzj authors: Manalo, Iviensan F.; Smith, Molly K.; Cheeley, Justin; Jacobs, Randy title: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 273493 cord_uid: xsroivzj file: cache/cord-273522-ygd19p05.json key: cord-273522-ygd19p05 authors: Rothrock, Robert J.; Maragkos, Georgios A.; Schupper, Alexander J.; McNeill, Ian T.; Oermann, Eric K.; Yaeger, Kurt A.; Gilligan, Jeffrey; Bederson, Joshua B.; Mocco, J. D. title: By the Numbers Analysis of COVID-19’s Effect on a Neurosurgical Residency at the Epicenter date: 2020-07-17 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.063 sha: doc_id: 273522 cord_uid: ygd19p05 file: cache/cord-273492-i483r91m.json key: cord-273492-i483r91m authors: Fulzele, Sadanand; Sahay, Bikash; Yusufu, Ibrahim; Lee, Tae Jin; Sharma, Ashok; Kolhe, Ravindra; Isales, Carlos M title: COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile date: 2020-05-09 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0428 sha: doc_id: 273492 cord_uid: i483r91m file: cache/cord-273433-0014ih0d.json key: cord-273433-0014ih0d authors: Jelinek, Lena; Moritz, Steffen; Miegel, Franziska; Voderholzer, Ulrich title: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During COVID-19: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity? date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Anxiety Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102329 sha: doc_id: 273433 cord_uid: 0014ih0d file: cache/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.json key: cord-273553-xp4nfnq3 authors: Ramatillah, D. L.; Isnaini, S. title: TREATMENT PROFILES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN JAKARTA date: 2020-10-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20212449 sha: doc_id: 273553 cord_uid: xp4nfnq3 file: cache/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.json key: cord-273356-1ius4ksa authors: Sauceda, John A; Neilands, Torsten B; Lightfoot, Marguerita; Saberi, Parya title: Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-08-29 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa554 sha: doc_id: 273356 cord_uid: 1ius4ksa file: cache/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.json key: cord-273656-xo82zyi6 authors: Burry, Lisa D.; Barletta, Jeffrey F.; B.Pharm, David Williamson; Kanji, Salmaan; Maves, Ryan C.; Dichter, Jeffrey; Christian, Michael D.; Geiling, James; Erstad, Brian L. title: It Takes a Village… Contending with Drug Shortages During Disasters date: 2020-08-14 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 273656 cord_uid: xo82zyi6 file: cache/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.json key: cord-273598-6hk2oxj9 authors: Metcalfe, Peter E. title: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: brief review of the evidence date: 2020-08-10 journal: Phys Eng Sci Med DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00915-x sha: doc_id: 273598 cord_uid: 6hk2oxj9 file: cache/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.json key: cord-273638-mmlwh87u authors: Tso, Ivy F.; Park, Sohee title: Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date: 2020-08-23 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423 sha: doc_id: 273638 cord_uid: mmlwh87u file: cache/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.json key: cord-273426-55vu6b3u authors: Iba, Toshiaki; Levy, Jerrold H.; Levi, Marcel; Connors, Jean Marie; Thachil, Jecko title: Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-26 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004458 sha: doc_id: 273426 cord_uid: 55vu6b3u file: cache/cord-273602-cq276tj8.json key: cord-273602-cq276tj8 authors: Bavishi, Chirag; Bonow, Robert O.; Trivedi, Vrinda; Abbott, J. Dawn; Messerli, Franz H.; Bhatt, Deepak L. title: Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review date: 2020-06-06 journal: Prog Cardiovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 273602 cord_uid: cq276tj8 file: cache/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.json key: cord-273505-pcsw3vmx authors: Liu, Xiaosheng; Cao, Wei; Li, Taisheng title: High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects date: 2020-07-14 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660 sha: doc_id: 273505 cord_uid: pcsw3vmx file: cache/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.json key: cord-273614-qmp2tqtb authors: Tahir, Faryal; Bin Arif, Taha; Ahmed, Jawad; Malik, Farheen; Khalid, Muhammad title: Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8021 sha: doc_id: 273614 cord_uid: qmp2tqtb file: cache/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.json key: cord-273556-rvo0vyk3 authors: Zhang, Kui; Tian, Maolu; Zeng, Yang; Wang, Linwen; Luo, Sha; Xia, Wei; Zhang, Xiangyan; Zha, Yan title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: Complement Ther Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102473 sha: doc_id: 273556 cord_uid: rvo0vyk3 file: cache/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.json key: cord-273567-8fp3a9h8 authors: Zipprich, Hannah M.; Teschner, Ulrike; Witte, Otto W.; Schönenberg, Aline; Prell, Tino title: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061643 sha: doc_id: 273567 cord_uid: 8fp3a9h8 file: cache/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.json key: cord-273646-ne7qfjd6 authors: Shan Chan, Christine Hui; Tan, Eng-King title: Safeguarding Non-COVID-19 Research: Looking Up from Ground Zero date: 2020-05-30 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.023 sha: doc_id: 273646 cord_uid: ne7qfjd6 file: cache/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.json key: cord-273554-dm3mwbyp authors: Dhuyvetter, Amanda; Cejtin, Helen E.; Adam, Megan; Patel, Ashlesha title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: The Experience at an Urban Safety Net Hospital date: 2020-10-31 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00940-7 sha: doc_id: 273554 cord_uid: dm3mwbyp file: cache/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.json key: cord-273689-gvzvvrfx authors: Huang, Jiaofeng; Cheng, Aiguo; Kumar, Rahul; Fang, Yingying; Chen, Gongping; Zhu, Yueyong; Lin, Su title: Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID‐19 independent of age and co‐morbidity date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26003 sha: doc_id: 273689 cord_uid: gvzvvrfx file: cache/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.json key: cord-273641-8l57mnjt authors: Sadr, Sara; SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad; Ghiasvand, Fereshteh; Hassan Nezhad, Malihe; Javadian, Nina; Hossienzade, Roghieh; Jafari, Fatemeh title: Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-29 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00820 sha: doc_id: 273641 cord_uid: 8l57mnjt file: cache/cord-273601-icituitn.json key: cord-273601-icituitn authors: Liu, M.; Thomadsen, R.; Yao, S. title: Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date: 2020-05-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993 sha: doc_id: 273601 cord_uid: icituitn file: cache/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.json key: cord-273772-nolyx9g3 authors: Calder-Gerver, G. D.; Mazeri, S.; Haynes, S.; Simonet, C. A.; Woolhouse, M. E.; Brown, H. K. title: Real-Time Monitoring of COVID-19 in Scotland date: 2020-08-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20158790 sha: doc_id: 273772 cord_uid: nolyx9g3 file: cache/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.json key: cord-273775-ncfzz3kh authors: Drissi, Farouk; Frey, Samuel; Abet, Emeric title: Re: “Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation”. As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid date: 2020-10-16 journal: J Visc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 273775 cord_uid: ncfzz3kh file: cache/cord-273587-nja58vxw.json key: cord-273587-nja58vxw authors: Rendeiro, A. F.; Casano, J.; Vorkas, C. K.; Singh, H.; Morales, A.; DeSimone, R. A.; Ellsworth, G. B.; Soave, R.; Kapadia, S. N.; Saito, K.; Brown, C. D.; Hsu, J.; Kyriakides, C.; Chui, S.; Cappelli, L.; Cacciapuoti, M. T.; Tam, W.; Galluzzi, L.; Simonson, P. D.; Elemento, O.; Salvatore, M.; Inghirami, G. title: Longitudinal immune profiling of mild and severe COVID-19 reveals innate and adaptive immune dysfunction and provides an early prediction tool for clinical progression date: 2020-09-09 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20189092 sha: doc_id: 273587 cord_uid: nja58vxw file: cache/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.json key: cord-273604-0w5shxmf authors: Psevdos, George; Papamanoli, Aikaterini; Barrett, Nancy; Bailey, Lisa; Thorne, Monique; Ford, Florence; Lobo, Zeena title: Halting a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a U.S. Veterans Affairs Nursing Home date: 2020-11-03 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 273604 cord_uid: 0w5shxmf file: cache/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.json key: cord-273741-ipnt6g0i authors: Khan, Adeel A; Ata, Fateen; Munir, Waqar; Yousaf, Zohaib title: Fluid Replacement Versus Fluid Restriction in COVID-19 Associated Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9059 sha: doc_id: 273741 cord_uid: ipnt6g0i file: cache/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.json key: cord-273725-0i0xg7gv authors: Gao, Y.; Liu, M.; Shi, S.; Chen, Y.; Sun, Y.; Chen, J.; Tian, J. title: Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087031 sha: doc_id: 273725 cord_uid: 0i0xg7gv file: cache/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.json key: cord-273644-m6cub4sx authors: Zhang, Yimin; Yu, Liang; Tang, LingLing; Zhu, Mengfei; Jin, Yanqi; Wang, Zhouhan; Li, Lanjuan title: A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System date: 2020-03-20 journal: Engineering (Beijing) DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.006 sha: doc_id: 273644 cord_uid: m6cub4sx file: cache/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.json key: cord-273815-7ftztaqn authors: Gupta, R. K.; Marks, M.; Samuels, T. H. A.; Luintel, A.; Rampling, T.; Chowdhury, H.; Quartagno, M.; Nair, A.; Lipman, M.; Abubakar, I.; van Smeden, M.; Wong, W. K.; Williams, B.; Noursadeghi, M. title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-07-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20149815 sha: doc_id: 273815 cord_uid: 7ftztaqn file: cache/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.json key: cord-273774-mg0wq9g0 authors: Votto, Martina; De Filippo, Maria title: How pediatric resident’s life has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00920-6 sha: doc_id: 273774 cord_uid: mg0wq9g0 file: cache/cord-273778-68wxa782.json key: cord-273778-68wxa782 authors: Lawal, Olanrewaju; Nwegbu, Chidozie title: Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria date: 2020-11-02 journal: GeoJournal DOI: 10.1007/s10708-020-10331-z sha: doc_id: 273778 cord_uid: 68wxa782 file: cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.json key: cord-273833-yf8kt84e authors: Mejia, Rojelio; Hotez, Peter; Bottazzi, Maria Elena title: Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-08-20 journal: Curr Trop Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00209-y sha: doc_id: 273833 cord_uid: yf8kt84e file: cache/cord-273618-klj6asdz.json key: cord-273618-klj6asdz authors: Jain, Ankur; Ramasamy, Karthik title: Potential ‘significance’ of monoclonal gammopathy of ‘undetermined significance’ during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Blood Cells Mol Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102481 sha: doc_id: 273618 cord_uid: klj6asdz file: cache/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.json key: cord-273816-4sxe7s03 authors: Xing, Q.-Q.; Dong, X.; Ren, Y.-D.; Chen, W.-M.; Zeng, D.-Y.; Cai, Y.-Y.; Hong, M.-Z.; Pan, J.-S. title: Liver Chemistries in COVID-19 Patients with Survival or Death: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080580 sha: doc_id: 273816 cord_uid: 4sxe7s03 file: cache/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.json key: cord-273930-4asx0dq3 authors: Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer; Cabeza-Ruiz, Luis Daniel; Vásquez-Lozano, Sergio Humberto; Villamil-Gómez, Wilmer E.; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia date: 2020-08-28 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101863 sha: doc_id: 273930 cord_uid: 4asx0dq3 file: cache/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.json key: cord-273794-gvjwvabm authors: Palomar-Ciria, Nora; Blanco del Valle, Patricia; Hernández-Las Heras, Miguel Ángel; Martínez-Gallardo, Ricardo title: SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM. date: 2020-05-27 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113137 sha: doc_id: 273794 cord_uid: gvjwvabm file: cache/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.json key: cord-273758-hhd8xnve authors: Ciardullo, S.; Zerbini, F.; Perra, S.; Muraca, E.; Cannistraci, R.; Lauriola, M.; Grosso, P.; Lattuada, G.; Ippoliti, G.; Mortara, A.; Manzoni, G.; Perseghin, G. title: Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Endocrinol Invest DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7 sha: doc_id: 273758 cord_uid: hhd8xnve file: cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.json key: cord-273785-mxehiuq1 authors: Soofi, Moslem; Najafi, Farid; Karami-Matin, Behzad title: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 journal: Appl Health Econ Health Policy DOI: 10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 sha: doc_id: 273785 cord_uid: mxehiuq1 file: cache/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.json key: cord-273829-t5cuop5c authors: Görgülü, Özkan; Duyan, Murat title: rRT-PCR Results of a Covid-19 Diagnosed Geriatric Patient date: 2020-10-17 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00590-9 sha: doc_id: 273829 cord_uid: t5cuop5c file: cache/cord-273907-58jufmx7.json key: cord-273907-58jufmx7 authors: Shen, Kun-Ling; Namazova-Baranova, Leyla; Yang, Yong-Hong; Wong, Gary Wing Kin; Rosenwasser, Lanny J.; Rodewald, Lance E.; Goh, Anne Eng Neo; Kerem, Eitan; O’Callaghan, Chris; Kinane, T. Bernard; Elnazir, Basil; Triasih, Rina; Horne, Rosemary; Chang, Anne B.; Buttery, Jim; Etzel, Ruth A.; Ouchi, Kazunobu; Hoey, Hilary; Singh, Varinder; Rivera, Genesis C.; Li, Spencer S.; Guan, Yu; Cao, Ling; Zheng, Yue-Jie; Feng, Lu-Zhao; Zhong, Wu; Xie, Zheng-De; Xu, Bao-Ping; Lin, Rong-Jun; Lu, Gen; Qin, Qiang; Zhu, Chun-Mei; Qian, Su-Yun; Liu, Gang; Zhao, Cheng-Song; Wei, Zhuang; Zhao, Yu-Hong title: Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance recommendation to strengthen prevention of pediatric seasonal influenza under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-13 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00389-7 sha: doc_id: 273907 cord_uid: 58jufmx7 file: cache/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.json key: cord-273811-ymnvwwjw authors: Rubio-Rivas, M.; Mora-Lujan, J. M.; Montero, A.; Homs, N. A.; Rello, J.; Corbella, X. title: Beneficial and Harmful Outcomes of Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.05.20188912 sha: doc_id: 273811 cord_uid: ymnvwwjw file: cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.json key: cord-273913-xem3alih authors: Marraha, Farah; Al Faker, Ibtissam; Gallouj, Salim title: A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-11 journal: Dermatol Res Pract DOI: 10.1155/2020/9360476 sha: doc_id: 273913 cord_uid: xem3alih file: cache/cord-274008-p3st70u3.json key: cord-274008-p3st70u3 authors: Mann, E. R.; Menon, M.; Knight, S. B.; Konkel, J. E.; Jagger, C.; Shaw, T. N.; Krishnan, S.; Rattray, M.; Ustianowski, A.; Bakerly, N. D.; Dark, P.; Lord, G.; Simpson, A.; Felton, T.; Ho, L.-P.; NIHR Respiratory TRC,; Feldmann, M.; CIRCO,; Grainger, J.; Hussell, T. title: Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.13.20127605 sha: doc_id: 274008 cord_uid: p3st70u3 file: cache/cord-273998-e7m5g242.json key: cord-273998-e7m5g242 authors: Que, Jianyu; Shi, Le; Deng, Jiahui; Liu, Jiajia; Zhang, Li; Wu, Suying; Gong, Yimiao; Huang, Weizhen; Yuan, Kai; Yan, Wei; Sun, Yankun; Ran, Maosheng; Bao, Yanping; Lu, Lin title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China date: 2020-06-14 journal: Gen Psychiatr DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259 sha: doc_id: 273998 cord_uid: e7m5g242 file: cache/cord-273828-557vlq9d.json key: cord-273828-557vlq9d authors: Brito, Carlos Antunes; Barros, Fabio Marinho; Lopes, Edmundo Pessoa title: Mechanisms and consequences of COVID-19 associated liver injury: What can we affirm? date: 2020-08-27 journal: World J Hepatol DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.413 sha: doc_id: 273828 cord_uid: 557vlq9d file: cache/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.json key: cord-273965-ma1rwkdq authors: Omonzejele, Peter F. title: Preserving Bodily Integrity of Deceased Patients From the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in West Africa date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10061-4 sha: doc_id: 273965 cord_uid: ma1rwkdq file: cache/cord-274018-x50yiq10.json key: cord-274018-x50yiq10 authors: Gemici, Cengiz; Yaprak, Gokhan title: Covid-19 outbreak in a major radiation oncology department; which lessons should be taken? date: 2020-04-06 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.044 sha: doc_id: 274018 cord_uid: x50yiq10 file: cache/cord-273869-buavj9mm.json key: cord-273869-buavj9mm authors: Rosés-Gibert, Pau; Gimeno Castillo, Javier; Saenz Aguirre, Amaia; De la Torre Gomar, Francisco Javier; Carnero González, Lucía; Martinez de Lagrán Alvarez de Arcaya, Zuriñe; Gonzalez-Perez, Ricardo title: Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-08 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00390-0 sha: doc_id: 273869 cord_uid: buavj9mm file: cache/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.json key: cord-274027-ovdhnajp authors: Gyasi, Razak M.; Anderson, Eugenia A. title: Rethinking the Gendered Dimensions in the Impacts and Response to COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100019 sha: doc_id: 274027 cord_uid: ovdhnajp file: cache/cord-273897-hkt322bt.json key: cord-273897-hkt322bt authors: Seijts, Gerard; Milani, Kimberley Young title: The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character date: 2020-05-14 journal: Organ Dyn DOI: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100765 sha: doc_id: 273897 cord_uid: hkt322bt file: cache/cord-273968-ym79axlo.json key: cord-273968-ym79axlo authors: Di Renzo, Gian Carlo; Giardina, Irene title: COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Consider Thromboembolic Disorders and Thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-04-22 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.017 sha: doc_id: 273968 cord_uid: ym79axlo file: cache/cord-274007-zndtddty.json key: cord-274007-zndtddty authors: Rasmussen, Sonja A.; Smulian, John C.; Lednicky, John A.; Wen, Tony S.; Jamieson, Denise J. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know date: 2020-02-24 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017 sha: doc_id: 274007 cord_uid: zndtddty file: cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.json key: cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 authors: Ramiro, Sofia; Mostard, Rémy L M; Magro-Checa, César; van Dongen, Christel M P; Dormans, Tom; Buijs, Jacqueline; Gronenschild, Michiel; de Kruif, Martijn D; van Haren, Eric H J; van Kraaij, Tom; Leers, Mathie P G; Peeters, Ralph; Wong, Dennis R; Landewé, Robert B M title: Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date: 2020-07-20 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479 sha: doc_id: 274121 cord_uid: 3w6kc0c9 file: cache/cord-274053-406dfdih.json key: cord-274053-406dfdih authors: Srivastava, Kamna title: Association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease date: 2020-07-14 journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100583 sha: doc_id: 274053 cord_uid: 406dfdih file: cache/cord-274141-vujx538o.json key: cord-274141-vujx538o authors: Chinsembu, Kazhila C. title: Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 journal: Rev Bras Farmacogn DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00104-7 sha: doc_id: 274141 cord_uid: vujx538o file: cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.json key: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 authors: Yadav, Uday Narayan; Rayamajhee, Binod; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Parsekar, Shradha S.; Mishra, Shyam Kumar title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 sha: doc_id: 274163 cord_uid: yxl9a9u7 file: cache/cord-274203-urqed43m.json key: cord-274203-urqed43m authors: Katal, Sanaz; Aghaghazvini, Leila; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali title: Chest-CT findings of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing malignancies; a pictorial review date: 2020-06-09 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 274203 cord_uid: urqed43m file: cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.json key: cord-273918-knlc3bxh authors: Holmes, Emily A; O'Connor, Rory C; Perry, V Hugh; Tracey, Irene; Wessely, Simon; Arseneault, Louise; Ballard, Clive; Christensen, Helen; Cohen Silver, Roxane; Everall, Ian; Ford, Tamsin; John, Ann; Kabir, Thomas; King, Kate; Madan, Ira; Michie, Susan; Przybylski, Andrew K; Shafran, Roz; Sweeney, Angela; Worthman, Carol M; Yardley, Lucy; Cowan, Katherine; Cope, Claire; Hotopf, Matthew; Bullmore, Ed title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date: 2020-04-15 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 sha: doc_id: 273918 cord_uid: knlc3bxh file: cache/cord-274147-jvymoene.json key: cord-274147-jvymoene authors: Collins, Obiora C.; Duffy, Kevin J. title: Estimating the impact of lock-down, quarantine and sensitization in a COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-17 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9933 sha: doc_id: 274147 cord_uid: jvymoene file: cache/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.json key: cord-274043-ifr0oo7u authors: Rozzini, Renzo title: The COVID Grim Reaper date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 274043 cord_uid: ifr0oo7u file: cache/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.json key: cord-274100-0d2u23nv authors: Rochon, Paula A.; Wu, Wei; Giannakeas, Vasily; Stall, Nathan M. title: The Missing Pieces of the COVID‐19 Puzzle date: 2020-06-23 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16646 sha: doc_id: 274100 cord_uid: 0d2u23nv file: cache/cord-274199-3stjueja.json key: cord-274199-3stjueja authors: Baldi, Enrico; Sechi, Giuseppe Maria; Mare, Claudio; Canevari, Fabrizio; Brancaglione, Antonella; Primi, Roberto; Klersy, Catherine; Palo, Alessandra; Contri, Enrico; Ronchi, Vincenza; Beretta, Giorgio; Reali, Francesca; Parogni, Pierpaolo; Facchin, Fabio; Rizzi, Ugo; Bussi, Daniele; Ruggeri, Simone; Oltrona Visconti, Luigi; Savastano, Simone title: COVID-19 kills at home: the close relationship between the epidemic and the increase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests date: 2020-06-20 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa508 sha: doc_id: 274199 cord_uid: 3stjueja file: cache/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.json key: cord-274250-95yzt1gj authors: Mortaz, Esmaeil; Malkmohammad, Majid; Jamaati, Hamidreza; Naghan, Parisa Adimi; Hashemian, Seyed MohamadReza; Tabarsi, Payam; Varahram, Maohammad; Zaheri, Hamidreza; Chousein, Efsun Gonca Uğur; Folkerts, Gert; Adcock, Ian M. title: Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-16 journal: BMC Pulm Med DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01310-8 sha: doc_id: 274250 cord_uid: 95yzt1gj file: cache/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.json key: cord-274150-ukdha3ap authors: Choi, Jun Yong title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.3.307 sha: doc_id: 274150 cord_uid: ukdha3ap file: cache/cord-274264-s477tw3x.json key: cord-274264-s477tw3x authors: Shen, M.; Zu, J.; Fairley, C. 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A.; An, L.; Du, Z.; Guo, Y.; Rong, L.; Xiao, Y.; Zhuang, G.; Li, Y.; Zhang, L. title: Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221234 sha: doc_id: 274264 cord_uid: s477tw3x file: cache/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.json key: cord-274251-2x1nltpn authors: Doran, S.L.F.; Patel, P.H.; Chaudry, A.; Pollok, J.M.; Pollok, J.M.; Kumar, S.; Bhogal, R.H. title: COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience date: 2020-04-28 journal: Eur J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.045 sha: doc_id: 274251 cord_uid: 2x1nltpn file: cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.json key: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 authors: Goel, Sunny; Jain, Tarun; Hooda, Amit; Malhotra, Rohit; Johal, Gurpreet; Masoomi, Reza; Kamran, Haroon; Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram Melarcode; Senguttuvan, Nagendra Boopathy; Sharma, Abhishek; Gidwani, Umesh title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 journal: Cardiol Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00189-0 sha: doc_id: 274283 cord_uid: ukhgs6z1 file: cache/cord-274184-hm516x6p.json key: cord-274184-hm516x6p authors: Elli, Luca; Rimondi, Alessandro; Scaramella, Lucia; Topa, Matilde; Vecchi, Maurizio; Mangioni, Davide; Gori, Andrea; Penagini, Roberto title: Endoscopy during the Covid-19 outbreak: experience and recommendations from a single center in a high-incidence scenario date: 2020-04-27 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 274184 cord_uid: hm516x6p file: cache/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.json key: cord-274182-7z2tb0ll authors: Veerabathini, Bala C; Manthani, Kaushik; Gandhi, Sandeep title: An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-31 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10154 sha: doc_id: 274182 cord_uid: 7z2tb0ll file: cache/cord-274230-old0xmcc.json key: cord-274230-old0xmcc authors: Zhao, Qianwen; Meng, Meng; Kumar, Rahul; Wu, Yinlian; Huang, Jiaofeng; Deng, Yunlei; Weng, Zhiyuan; Yang, Li title: Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-04 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.086 sha: doc_id: 274230 cord_uid: old0xmcc file: cache/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.json key: cord-274324-obhrbxu4 authors: Tian, Wenjie; Jiang, Wanlin; Yao, Jie; Nicholson, Christopher J.; Li, Rebecca H.; Sigurslid, Haakon H.; Wooster, Luke; Rotter, Jerome I.; Guo, Xiuqing; Malhotra, Rajeev title: Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-22 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26050 sha: doc_id: 274324 cord_uid: obhrbxu4 file: cache/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.json key: cord-274343-y9zqbefu authors: Petersen, Irene; Phillips, Andrew title: Three Quarters of People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection are Asymptomatic: Analysis of English Household Survey Data date: 2020-10-08 journal: Clin Epidemiol DOI: 10.2147/clep.s276825 sha: doc_id: 274343 cord_uid: y9zqbefu file: cache/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.json key: cord-274353-tzlcpx7q authors: McDermott, Amy title: Inner Workings: Molecular biologists offer “wartime service” in the effort to test for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006240117 sha: doc_id: 274353 cord_uid: tzlcpx7q file: cache/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.json key: cord-274328-ea1ehsnq authors: Assaker, Rita; Colas, Anne-Emmanuelle; Julien-Marsollier, Florence; Bruneau, Béatrice; Marsac, Lucile; Greff, Bruno; Tri, Nathalie; Fait, Charlotte; Brasher, Christopher; Dahmani, Souhayl title: Presenting symptoms of COVID-19 in children: a meta-analysis of published studies date: 2020-05-31 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 274328 cord_uid: ea1ehsnq file: cache/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.json key: cord-274368-s1h3p5s9 authors: Carter, B.; Collins, J.T.; Barlow-Pay, F.; Rickard, F.; Bruce, E.; Verduri, A.; Quinn, T.J.; Mitchell, E.; Price, A.; Vilches-Moraga, A.; Stechman, M.J.; Short, R.; Einarsson, A.; Braude, P.; Moug, S.; Myint, P.K.; Hewitt, J.; Pearce, L.; McCarthy, K. title: Nosocomial COVID-19 infection: examining the risk of mortality. The COPE-Nosocomial study (COVID in Older PEople). date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 274368 cord_uid: s1h3p5s9 file: cache/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.json key: cord-274313-mrvk9r4w authors: Li, Hui; Liu, Liang; Zhang, Dingyu; Xu, Jiuyang; Dai, Huaping; Tang, Nan; Su, Xiao; Cao, Bin title: SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses date: 2020-04-17 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30920-x sha: doc_id: 274313 cord_uid: mrvk9r4w file: cache/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.json key: cord-274268-0ucqp3uz authors: Chorus, Caspar; Sandorf, Erlend Dancke; Mouter, Niek title: Diabolical dilemmas of COVID-19: An empirical study into Dutch society’s trade-offs between health impacts and other effects of the lockdown date: 2020-09-16 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238683 sha: doc_id: 274268 cord_uid: 0ucqp3uz file: cache/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.json key: cord-274326-msbdrp3e authors: Ren, Xiaohan; Wang, Shangqian; Chen, Xinglin; Wei, Xiyi; Li, Guangyao; Ren, Shancheng; Zhang, Tongtong; Zhang, Xu; Lu, Zhongwen; You, Zebing; Wang, Zengjun; Song, Ninghong; Qin, Chao title: Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s270543 sha: doc_id: 274326 cord_uid: msbdrp3e file: cache/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.json key: cord-274443-r6ponjr4 authors: Lawson, Monica; Piel, Megan H.; Simon, Michaela title: Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Consequences of Parental Job Loss on Psychological and Physical Abuse Towards Children date: 2020-09-04 journal: Child Abuse Negl DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104709 sha: doc_id: 274443 cord_uid: r6ponjr4 file: cache/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.json key: cord-274282-hvx5m2bx authors: Liu, Yang; Mao, Bei; Liang, Shuo; Yang, Jia-wei; Lu, Hai-wen; Chai, Yan-hua; Wang, Lan; Zhang, Li; Li, Qiu-hong; Zhao, Lan; He, Yan; Gu, Xiao-long; Ji, Xiao-bin; Li, Li; Jie, Zhi-jun; Li, Qiang; Li, Xiang-yang; Lu, Hong-zhou; Zhang, Wen-hong; Song, Yuan-lin; Qu, Jie-ming; Xu, Jin-fu title: Association between ages and clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01112-2020 sha: doc_id: 274282 cord_uid: hvx5m2bx file: cache/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.json key: cord-274284-mi4n7xty authors: Pang, Khang Wen; Chee, Jeremy; Subramaniam, Somasundaram; Ng, Chew Lip title: Frequency and Clinical Utility of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-13 journal: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00972-y sha: doc_id: 274284 cord_uid: mi4n7xty file: cache/cord-274491-921orhjg.json key: cord-274491-921orhjg authors: Chau, Vinh Q.; Oliveros, Estefania; Mahmood, Kiran; Singhvi, Aditi; Lala, Anuradha; Moss, Noah; Gidwani, Umesh; Mancini, Donna M.; Pinney, Sean P.; Parikh, Aditya title: The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support date: 2020-04-08 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 274491 cord_uid: 921orhjg file: cache/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.json key: cord-274503-9ccgcrvd authors: Nasta, Amrit Manik; Goel, Ramen; Kanagavel, Manickavasagam; Easwaramoorthy, Sundaram title: Impact of COVID-19 on General Surgical Practice in India date: 2020-06-26 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02443-0 sha: doc_id: 274503 cord_uid: 9ccgcrvd file: cache/cord-274459-781by93r.json key: cord-274459-781by93r authors: Khalifa, Shaden A. M.; Mohamed, Briksam S.; Elashal, Mohamed H.; Du, Ming; Guo, Zhiming; Zhao, Chao; Musharraf, Syed Ghulam; Boskabady, Mohammad H.; El-Seedi, Haged H. R.; Efferth, Thomas; El-Seedi, Hesham R. title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165813 sha: doc_id: 274459 cord_uid: 781by93r file: cache/cord-274510-fo7p98np.json key: cord-274510-fo7p98np authors: Spadera, Lucrezia; Spadera, Maria title: Potential Role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: lesson learned from HIV date: 2020-09-24 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110293 sha: doc_id: 274510 cord_uid: fo7p98np file: cache/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.json key: cord-274581-mdk7vu36 authors: Grande, Giuseppe; Cocca, Silvia; Russo, Salvatore; Mangiafico, Santi; Caruso, Angelo; Pigò, Flavia; Conigliaro, Rita; Bertani, Helga title: COVID-19 and the Gastrointestinal System: Lesions Beyond the Symptoms? date: 2020-09-24 journal: ACG Case Rep J DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000464 sha: doc_id: 274581 cord_uid: mdk7vu36 file: cache/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.json key: cord-274339-gj9wjkoo authors: Swanson, D. 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E. title: A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086181 sha: doc_id: 274339 cord_uid: gj9wjkoo file: cache/cord-274470-82nhmusm.json key: cord-274470-82nhmusm authors: Ricciardi, Gabriella; Biondi, Raoul; Tamagnini, Gabriele title: Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14680 sha: doc_id: 274470 cord_uid: 82nhmusm file: cache/cord-274602-q9i2k304.json key: cord-274602-q9i2k304 authors: Iqbal, Yousaf; Al Abdulla, Majid Ali; Albrahim, Sultan; Latoo, Javed; Kumar, Rajeev; Haddad, Peter M. title: Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team date: 2020-09-10 journal: BJPsych Open DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.85 sha: doc_id: 274602 cord_uid: q9i2k304 file: cache/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.json key: cord-274416-bmvazgj7 authors: Trevisanuto, Daniele; Moschino, Laura; Doglioni, Nicoletta; Roehr, Charles Christoph; Gervasi, Maria Teresa; Baraldi, Eugenio title: Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan date: 2020-04-24 journal: Neonatology DOI: 10.1159/000507935 sha: doc_id: 274416 cord_uid: bmvazgj7 file: cache/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.json key: cord-274494-heu6rmbt authors: Pablos, Jose L; Abasolo, Lydia; Alvaro-Gracia, Jose M; Blanco, Francisco J; Blanco, Ricardo; Castrejón, Isabel; Fernandez-Fernandez, David; Fernandez-Gutierrez, Benjamín; Galindo-Izquierdo, María; Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A; Manrique-Arija, Sara; Mena Vázquez, Natalia; Mera Varela, Antonio; Retuerto, Miriam; Seijas-Lopez, Alvaro title: Prevalence of hospital PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases date: 2020-06-12 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217763 sha: doc_id: 274494 cord_uid: heu6rmbt file: cache/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.json key: cord-274498-fa16vl9i authors: Ravioli, Svenja; Niebuhr, Norbert; Ruchti, Chantal; Pluess, Emanuel; Stoeckli, Thomas; Lindner, Gregor title: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases date: 2020-05-17 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa080 sha: doc_id: 274498 cord_uid: fa16vl9i file: cache/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.json key: cord-274448-lzxhtnfi authors: Chua, Alfredo; Mendoza, Marvin Jonne; Ando, Mark; Planilla, Cyril Jonas; Fernando, Gracieux; Strebel, Heinrik Martin Jude; Ignacio, Jorge title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Cancer Educ DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01786-2 sha: doc_id: 274448 cord_uid: lzxhtnfi file: cache/cord-274554-vtg6l651.json key: cord-274554-vtg6l651 authors: Essadek, Aziz; Rabeyron, Thomas title: Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.042 sha: doc_id: 274554 cord_uid: vtg6l651 file: cache/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.json key: cord-274521-u8p5lz9o authors: Lee, Abby C.; Chakladar, Jaideep; Li, Wei Tse; Chen, Chengyu; Chang, Eric Y.; Wang-Rodriguez, Jessica; Ongkeko, Weg M. title: Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation date: 2020-07-31 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155513 sha: doc_id: 274521 cord_uid: u8p5lz9o file: cache/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.json key: cord-274558-1k7bi6ng authors: Moiseev, Sergey; Brovko, Michail; Tao, Ekaterina; Bulanov, Nikolay; Fomin, Larisa Akulkina Victor title: Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 sha: doc_id: 274558 cord_uid: 1k7bi6ng file: cache/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.json key: cord-274562-0mtwbwkk authors: Olesen, Bente; Gyrup, Helene Bjergegaard; Troelstrup, Martin Winther; Marloth, Tina; Mølmer, Michael title: Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.033 sha: doc_id: 274562 cord_uid: 0mtwbwkk file: cache/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.json key: cord-274668-lh7c9izt authors: Wang, Chaofu; Xie, Jing; Zhao, Lei; Fei, Xiaochun; Zhang, Heng; Tan, Yun; Nie, Xiu; Zhou, Luting; Liu, Zhenhua; Ren, Yong; Yuan, Ling; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Jinsheng; Liang, Liwei; Chen, Xinwei; Liu, Xin; Wang, Peng; Han, Xiao; Weng, Xiangqin; Chen, Ying; Yu, Ting; Zhang, Xinxin; Cai, Jun; Chen, Rong; Shi, Zhengli; Bian, Xiuwu title: Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-20 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833 sha: doc_id: 274668 cord_uid: lh7c9izt file: cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.json key: cord-274481-k1dp1ilv authors: Falavigna, Maicon; Colpani, Verônica; Stein, Cinara; Azevedo, Luciano Cesar Pontes; Bagattini, Angela Maria; de Brito, Gabriela Vilela; Chatkin, José Miguel; Cimerman, Sergio; Corradi, Mirian de Freitas Dal Ben; da Cunha, Clovis Arns; de Medeiros, Flávia Cordeiro; de Oliveira Junior, Haliton Alves; Fritscher, Leandro Genehr; Gazzana, Marcelo Basso; Gräf, Débora Dalmas; Marra, Lays Pires; Matuoka, Jessica Yumi; Nunes, Michelle Silva; Pachito, Daniela Vianna; Pagano, Cássia Garcia Moraes; Parreira, Patrícia do Carmo Silva; Riera, Rachel; Silva Júnior, Amilton; Tavares, Bruno de Melo; Zavascki, Alexandre Prehn; Rosa, Regis Goulart; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe title: Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date: 2020 journal: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200039 sha: doc_id: 274481 cord_uid: k1dp1ilv file: cache/cord-274517-9lewc581.json key: cord-274517-9lewc581 authors: Litchman, Graham H.; Rigel, Darrell S. title: The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices date: 2020-05-16 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.048 sha: doc_id: 274517 cord_uid: 9lewc581 file: cache/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.json key: cord-274542-fpzk5k79 authors: Patti, Giuseppe; Lio, Veronica; Cavallari, Ilaria; Gragnano, Felice; Riva, Letizia; Calabrò, Paolo; Di Pasquale, Giuseppe; Pengo, Vittorio; Rubboli, Andrea title: Questions and Answers on Practical Thrombotic Issues in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Guidance Document from the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology date: 2020-11-03 journal: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00446-6 sha: doc_id: 274542 cord_uid: fpzk5k79 file: cache/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.json key: cord-274628-xu18zf4l authors: Ros, Maxime; Neuwirth, Lorenz S. title: Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method date: 2020-05-21 journal: Nurse Educ Today DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104479 sha: doc_id: 274628 cord_uid: xu18zf4l file: cache/cord-274513-0biyfhab.json key: cord-274513-0biyfhab authors: Baumgartner, M. T.; Lansac-Toha, F. M. title: Assessing the relative contributions of healthcare protocols for epidemic control: an example with network transmission model for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20158576 sha: doc_id: 274513 cord_uid: 0biyfhab file: cache/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.json key: cord-274545-r03g7w0b authors: Ayele Mega, Teshale; Feyissa, Temesgen Mulugeta; Dessalegn Bosho, Dula; Kumela Goro, Kabaye; Zeleke Negera, Getandale title: The Outcome of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 journal: Can Respir J DOI: 10.1155/2020/4312519 sha: doc_id: 274545 cord_uid: r03g7w0b file: cache/cord-274816-6xpma224.json key: cord-274816-6xpma224 authors: Onal, Merih; Onal, Ozkan; Turan, Alparslan title: Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children? date: 2020-10-27 journal: Acta oto-laryngologica DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1814965 sha: doc_id: 274816 cord_uid: 6xpma224 file: cache/cord-274778-wds40e6i.json key: cord-274778-wds40e6i authors: Tejedor, Santiago; Cervi, Laura; Tusa, Fernanda; Portales, Marta; Zabotina, Margarita title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy date: 2020-08-31 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176330 sha: doc_id: 274778 cord_uid: wds40e6i file: cache/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.json key: cord-274632-d9z0m2l8 authors: Chenna, Avantika; Konala, Venu Madhav; Gayam, Vijay; Naramala, Srikanth; Adapa, Sreedhar title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient date: 2020-05-09 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8038 sha: doc_id: 274632 cord_uid: d9z0m2l8 file: cache/cord-274702-x032pcwx.json key: cord-274702-x032pcwx authors: Huang, Yu-Xi; Wang, Wen-Xiao; Zhang, Sai; Tang, Yu-Ping; Yue, Shi-Jun title: The database-based strategy may overstate the potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105046 sha: doc_id: 274702 cord_uid: x032pcwx file: cache/cord-274563-jimw6skv.json key: cord-274563-jimw6skv authors: Fiumara, Agata; Lanzafame, Giuseppina; Arena, Alessia; Sapuppo, Annamaria; Raudino, Federica; Praticò, Andrea; Pavone, Piero; Barone, Rita title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and its Psychological Impact on Patients with Rare Lysosomal Diseases date: 2020-08-22 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092716 sha: doc_id: 274563 cord_uid: jimw6skv file: cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.json key: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e authors: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 sha: doc_id: 274694 cord_uid: kdsv7v8e file: cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.json key: cord-274570-dcewfkmi authors: Zhang, Xiao-Bo; Gui, Yong-Hao; Xu, Xiu; Zhu, Da-Qian; Zhai, Yi-Hui; Ge, Xiao-Ling; Xu, Hong title: Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-25 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00365-1 sha: doc_id: 274570 cord_uid: dcewfkmi file: cache/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.json key: cord-274707-mxh38hwd authors: Laureano, Ana Flávia Santarine; Riboldi, Márcia title: The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far date: 2020 journal: JBRA Assist Reprod DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200046 sha: doc_id: 274707 cord_uid: mxh38hwd file: cache/cord-274710-ee780qe4.json key: cord-274710-ee780qe4 authors: Spencer, Robert; Choi, Nak Hyun; Potter, Keriann; Suh, Sanghee; Fremed, Michael title: COVID-19 and the young heart: what are we missing? date: 2020-09-09 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00391-z sha: doc_id: 274710 cord_uid: ee780qe4 file: cache/cord-274871-jlquvz51.json key: cord-274871-jlquvz51 authors: Nori, Priya; Cowman, Kelsie; Chen, Victor; Bartash, Rachel; Szymczak, Wendy; Madaline, Theresa; Punjabi Katiyar, Chitra; Jain, Ruchika; Aldrich, Margaret; Weston, Gregory; Gialanella, Philip; Corpuz, Marilou; Gendlina, Inessa; Guo, Yi title: Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge date: 2020-07-24 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.368 sha: doc_id: 274871 cord_uid: jlquvz51 file: cache/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.json key: cord-274677-7kcoodyv authors: Dobson, Hanna; Malpas, Charles B; Burrell, Aidan JC; Gurvich, Caroline; Chen, Leo; Kulkarni, Jayashri; Winton-Brown, Tobias title: Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-12 journal: Australas Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/1039856220965045 sha: doc_id: 274677 cord_uid: 7kcoodyv file: cache/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.json key: cord-274761-c2hgkbg6 authors: Rosenberg, Eli S.; Tesoriero, James M.; Rosenthal, Elizabeth M.; Chung, Rakkoo; Barranco, Meredith A.; Styer, Linda M.; Parker, Monica M.; John Leung, Shu-Yin; Morne, Johanne E.; Greene, Danielle; Holtgrave, David R.; Hoefer, Dina; Kumar, Jessica; Udo, Tomoko; Hutton, Brad; Zucker, Howard A. title: Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York date: 2020-06-17 journal: Ann Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 274761 cord_uid: c2hgkbg6 file: cache/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.json key: cord-274715-dcs1rgd0 authors: Mani Mishra, Pushpendra; Uversky, Vladimir N.; Nandi, Chayan K. title: Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-24 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109790 sha: doc_id: 274715 cord_uid: dcs1rgd0 file: cache/cord-274834-24v2b509.json key: cord-274834-24v2b509 authors: Lima, Rosiane; Gootkind, Elizabeth F.; De la Flor, Denis; Yockey, Laura J.; Bordt, Evan A.; D’Avino, Paolo; Ning, Shen; Heath, Katerina; Harding, Katherine; Zois, Jaclyn; Park, Grace; Hardcastle, Margot; Grinke, Kathleen A.; Grimmel, Sheila; Davidson, Susan P.; Forde, Pamela J.; Hall, Kathryn E.; Neilan, Anne M.; Matute, Juan D.; Lerou, Paul H.; Fasano, Alessio; Shui, Jessica E.; Edlow, Andrea G.; Yonker, Lael M. title: Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children date: 2020-09-11 journal: BMC Med Res Methodol DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01110-y sha: doc_id: 274834 cord_uid: 24v2b509 file: cache/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.json key: cord-274666-0d8oz51l authors: Han, Yi; Zhang, Haidong; Mu, Sucheng; Wei, Wei; Jin, Chaoyuan; Tong, Chaoyang; Song, Zhenju; Zha, Yunfei; Xue, Yuan; Gu, Guorong title: Lactate dehydrogenase, an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective and observational study date: 2020-06-24 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103372 sha: doc_id: 274666 cord_uid: 0d8oz51l file: cache/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.json key: cord-274849-awv8sp8m authors: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P.; Ish, Pranav; Upadhyaya, Gaurav Kumar; Malhotra, Nipun; Vaishya, Raju; Jain, Vijay K. title: COVID-19 and mortality in doctors date: 2020-09-03 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.003 sha: doc_id: 274849 cord_uid: awv8sp8m file: cache/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.json key: cord-274860-7ec2jcoq authors: Salazar, Eric; Christensen, Paul A.; Graviss, Edward A.; Nguyen, Duc T.; Castillo, Brian; Chen, Jian; Lopez, Bevin Valdez; Eagar, Todd N.; Yi, Xin; Zhao, Picheng; Rogers, John; Shehabeldin, Ahmed; Joseph, David; Masud, Faisal; Leveque, Christopher; Olsen, Randall J.; Bernard, David W.; Gollihar, Jimmy; Musser, James M. title: Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG date: 2020-11-04 journal: Am J Pathol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 274860 cord_uid: 7ec2jcoq file: cache/cord-274862-x580ktas.json key: cord-274862-x580ktas authors: Thomaier, L.; Teoh, D.; Jewett, P.; Beckwith, H.; Parsons, H.; Yuan, J.; Blaes, A. H.; Lou, E.; Hui, J. Y. C.; Vogel, R. I. title: Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128702 sha: doc_id: 274862 cord_uid: x580ktas file: cache/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.json key: cord-274841-rcdoewwv authors: Tay, Matthew Zirui; Poh, Chek Meng; Rénia, Laurent; MacAry, Paul A.; Ng, Lisa F. P. title: The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention date: 2020-04-28 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8 sha: doc_id: 274841 cord_uid: rcdoewwv file: cache/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.json key: cord-275004-qzg03dvg authors: Veras, Flavio Protasio; Pontelli, Marjorie Cornejo; Silva, Camila Meirelles; Toller-Kawahisa, Juliana E.; de Lima, Mikhael; Nascimento, Daniele Carvalho; Schneider, Ayda Henriques; Caetité, Diego; Tavares, Lucas Alves; Paiva, Isadora M.; Rosales, Roberta; Colón, David; Martins, Ronaldo; Castro, Italo Araujo; Almeida, Glaucia M.; Lopes, Maria Isabel Fernandes; Benatti, Maíra Nilson; Bonjorno, Letícia Pastorelli; Giannini, Marcela Cavichioli; Luppino-Assad, Rodrigo; Almeida, Sérgio Luna; Vilar, Fernando; Santana, Rodrigo; Bollela, Valdes R.; Auxiliadora-Martins, Maria; Borges, Marcos; Miranda, Carlos Henrique; Pazin-Filho, Antônio; da Silva, Luis Lamberti P.; Cunha, Larissa; Zamboni, Dario S.; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe; Leiria, Luiz O.; Siyuan, Li; Batah, Sabrina; Fabro, Alexandre; Mauad, Thais; Dolhnikoff, Marisa; Duarte-Neto, Amaro; Saldiva, Paulo; Cunha, Thiago Mattar; Alves-Filho, José Carlos; Arruda, Eurico; Louzada-Junior, Paulo; Oliveira, Renê Donizeti; Cunha, Fernando Queiroz title: SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Exp Med DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201129 sha: doc_id: 275004 cord_uid: qzg03dvg file: cache/cord-274918-dkl41b60.json key: cord-274918-dkl41b60 authors: Kwee, Thomas C.; Pennings, Jan P.; Dierckx, Rudi A.J.O.; Yakar, Derya title: The “crisis after the crisis”: the time is now to prepare your radiology department date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.04.013 sha: doc_id: 274918 cord_uid: dkl41b60 file: cache/cord-274934-s8xppipe.json key: cord-274934-s8xppipe authors: Gebbia, Vittorio; Piazza, Dario; Valerio, Maria Rosaria; Borsellino, Nicolò; Firenze, Alberto title: Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients’ Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken date: 2020-05-15 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00118 sha: doc_id: 274934 cord_uid: s8xppipe file: cache/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.json key: cord-274966-m2cw8hzb authors: Ndiaye, Mor; Diatta, Armandine Eusebia Roseline title: Procédure de dépistage d’une infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail structuré africain date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 274966 cord_uid: m2cw8hzb file: cache/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.json key: cord-275041-fcdwitxy authors: Ayerbe, Luis; Risco-Risco, Carlos; Ayis, Salma title: The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-30 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02505-x sha: doc_id: 275041 cord_uid: fcdwitxy file: cache/cord-274824-kaefedl1.json key: cord-274824-kaefedl1 authors: Turski, Waldemar A.; Wnorowski, Artur; Turski, Gabrielle N.; Turski, Christopher A.; Turski, Lechoslaw title: AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the “Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:” a translational review and therapeutic perspectives date: 2020-09-24 journal: Restorative neurology and neuroscience DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201042 sha: doc_id: 274824 cord_uid: kaefedl1 file: cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.json key: cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 authors: Varghese, Praveen Mathews; Tsolaki, Anthony G.; Yasmin, Hadida; Shastri, Abhishek; Ferluga, Janez; Vatish, Manu; Madan, Taruna; Kishore, Uday title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date: 2020-08-19 journal: Immunobiology DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152008 sha: doc_id: 274802 cord_uid: 7ioiwsd8 file: cache/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.json key: cord-275090-2gwv0vbs authors: Odone, Anna; Signorelli, Carlo; Stuckler, David; Galea, Sandro title: The first 10,000 COVID-19 papers in perspective: Are we publishing what we should be publishing? date: 2020-08-20 journal: Eur J Public Health DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa170 sha: doc_id: 275090 cord_uid: 2gwv0vbs file: cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.json key: cord-275034-tq6tbhsn authors: Hensel, D. J.; Rosenberg, M.; Luetke, M.; Fu, T.-c.; Herbenick, D. title: Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date: 2020-06-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609 sha: doc_id: 275034 cord_uid: tq6tbhsn file: cache/cord-275068-yr076sl6.json key: cord-275068-yr076sl6 authors: Ayoub, Fares; Sato, Toshiro; Sakuraba, Atsushi title: Football and COVID-19 risk: correlation is not causation date: 2020-09-03 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.034 sha: doc_id: 275068 cord_uid: yr076sl6 file: cache/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.json key: cord-275071-2uiaruhg authors: Balmford, Ben; Annan, James D.; Hargreaves, Julia C.; Altoè, Marina; Bateman, Ian J. title: Cross-Country Comparisons of Covid-19: Policy, Politics and the Price of Life date: 2020-08-04 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00466-5 sha: doc_id: 275071 cord_uid: 2uiaruhg file: cache/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.json key: cord-275136-7atkrkhd authors: Dolin, Raphael; Hirsch, Martin S. title: Remdesivir — An Important First Step date: 2020-05-27 journal: N Engl J Med DOI: 10.1056/nejme2018715 sha: doc_id: 275136 cord_uid: 7atkrkhd file: cache/cord-275185-9br8lwma.json key: cord-275185-9br8lwma authors: Zeng, Hao; Wang, Dongfang; Nie, Jingmin; Liang, Haoyu; Gu, Jiang; Zhao, Anne; Xu, Lixin; Lang, Chunhui; Cui, Xiaoping; Guo, Xiaolan; Zhou, Changlong; Li, Haibo; Guo, Bin; Zhang, Jinyong; Wang, Qiang; Fang, Li; Liu, Wen; Huang, Yishan; Mao, Wei; Chen, Yaokai; Zou, Quanming title: The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series date: 2020-10-06 journal: Signal Transduct Target Ther DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00329-x sha: doc_id: 275185 cord_uid: 9br8lwma file: cache/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.json key: cord-275028-u6s0gr31 authors: Karos, Kai; McParland, Joanna L.; Bunzli, Samantha; Devan, Hem; Hirsh, Adam; Kapos, Flavia P.; Keogh, Edmund; Moore, David; Tracy, Lincoln M.; Ashton-James, Claire E. title: The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain date: 2020-07-13 journal: Pain DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002004 sha: doc_id: 275028 cord_uid: u6s0gr31 file: cache/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.json key: cord-275038-zu6xmuql authors: Bronte, V.; Ugel, S.; Tinazzi, E.; Vella, A.; De Sanctis, F.; Canè, S.; Batani, V.; Trovato, R.; Fiore, A.; Petrova, V.; Hofer, F.; Barouni, R. M.; Musiu, C.; Caligola, S.; Pinton, L.; Torroni, L.; Polati, E.; Donadello, K.; Friso, S.; Pizzolo, F.; Iezzi, M.; Facciotti, F.; Pelicci, P. G.; Righetti, D.; Bazzoni, P.; Rampudda, M.; Comel, A.; Mosaner, W.; Lunardi, C.; Olivieri, O. title: Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 sha: doc_id: 275038 cord_uid: zu6xmuql file: cache/cord-275110-safr9z37.json key: cord-275110-safr9z37 authors: Alexander, Paul Elias; Debono, Victoria Borg; Mammen, Manoj J.; Iorio, Alfonso; Aryal, Komal; Deng, Dianna; Brocard, Eva; Alhazzani, Waleed title: COVID-19 research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-04-21 journal: J Clin Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 275110 cord_uid: safr9z37 file: cache/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.json key: cord-275111-38hgg0jz authors: Kumar, Abhishek; Kumar, Piyush; Dungdung, Ajit; Kumar Gupta, Anitesh; Anurag, Aditya; Kumar, Abhinav title: Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients date: 2020-10-06 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 275111 cord_uid: 38hgg0jz file: cache/cord-275214-mqvw0219.json key: cord-275214-mqvw0219 authors: Burlacu, Alexandru; Artene, Bogdan; Crisan-Dabija, Radu; Popa, Iolanda Valentina; Covic, Adrian title: Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? date: 2020-10-15 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620967107 sha: doc_id: 275214 cord_uid: mqvw0219 file: cache/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.json key: cord-275216-dnt88ycw authors: Zhang, Xue-Yan; Huang, Hao-Jie; Zhuang, Dong-Lin; Nasser, Moussa Ide; Yang, Ming-Hua; Zhu, Ping; Zhao, Ming-Yi title: Biological, clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS and AutoDock simulation of ACE2 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00691-6 sha: doc_id: 275216 cord_uid: dnt88ycw file: cache/cord-275228-952w7vx5.json key: cord-275228-952w7vx5 authors: Sharma, Yuvraj; Nasr, Samih H.; Larsen, Christopher P.; Kemper, Amy; Ormsby, Adrian H.; Williamson, Sean R. title: COVID-19–Associated Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Report of 2 Cases date: 2020-06-06 journal: Kidney Med DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 275228 cord_uid: 952w7vx5 file: cache/cord-275191-lgze4zex.json key: cord-275191-lgze4zex authors: Al-Sadeq, Duaa W.; Nasrallah, Gheyath K. title: The incidence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic patients: a systematic review date: 2020-07-02 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.098 sha: doc_id: 275191 cord_uid: lgze4zex file: cache/cord-275202-zq4vvini.json key: cord-275202-zq4vvini authors: Vu, David; Ruggiero, Maryanne; Choi, Woo Sung; Masri, Daniel; Flyer, Mark; Shyknevsky, Inna; Stein, Evan G. title: Three unsuspected CT diagnoses of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01775-4 sha: doc_id: 275202 cord_uid: zq4vvini file: cache/cord-275243-knr3mat0.json key: cord-275243-knr3mat0 authors: Larsen, Kevin; Coolen-Allou, Nathalie; Masse, Laurie; Angelino, Alexandre; Allyn, Jérôme; Bruneau, Lea; Maillot, Adrien; Lagrange-Xelot, Marie; Vitry, Thierry; André, Michel; Travers, Jean Yves; Foch, Emilie; Allou, Nicolas title: Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island date: 2020-07-01 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0597 sha: doc_id: 275243 cord_uid: knr3mat0 file: cache/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.json key: cord-275142-40rf3ugf authors: Slater, Sandy J.; Christiana, Richard W.; Gustat, Jeanette title: Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics date: 2020-07-09 journal: Prev Chronic Dis DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200204 sha: doc_id: 275142 cord_uid: 40rf3ugf file: cache/cord-275238-5fledjac.json key: cord-275238-5fledjac authors: Gandolfini, Ilaria; Delsante, Marco; Fiaccadori, Enrico; Zaza, Gianluigi; Manenti, Lucio; Degli Antoni, Anna; Peruzzi, Licia; Riella, Leonardo V.; Cravedi, Paolo; Maggiore, Umberto title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients date: 2020-04-12 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15891 sha: doc_id: 275238 cord_uid: 5fledjac file: cache/cord-275152-8if8shva.json key: cord-275152-8if8shva authors: Olum, R.; Bongomin, F. title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086553 sha: doc_id: 275152 cord_uid: 8if8shva file: cache/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.json key: cord-275260-xuhxqkyj authors: Sardu, Celestino; D’Onofrio, Nunzia; Balestrieri, Maria Luisa; Barbieri, Michelangela; Rizzo, Maria Rosaria; Messina, Vincenzo; Maggi, Paolo; Coppola, Nicola; Paolisso, Giuseppe; Marfella, Raffaele title: Hyperglycaemia on admission to hospital and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: Diabetologia DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05216-2 sha: doc_id: 275260 cord_uid: xuhxqkyj file: cache/cord-275264-bdtet83d.json key: cord-275264-bdtet83d authors: Lee, Jong-Koo title: We Cannot Go Back to the Old World, Before Global Pandemic Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Developing New Normal Practices in Society date: 2020-08-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.01 sha: doc_id: 275264 cord_uid: bdtet83d file: cache/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.json key: cord-275266-e6omvo5x authors: Kort, Nanne P; Zagra, Luigi; Barrena, Enrique Gomez; Tandogan, Reha N; Thaler, Martin; Berstock, James R; Karachalios, Theofilos title: Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy date: 2020-07-07 journal: Hip Int DOI: 10.1177/1120700020941232 sha: doc_id: 275266 cord_uid: e6omvo5x file: cache/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.json key: cord-275253-6pwqa8zk authors: Shetty, Sameep S; Merchant, Yash; Shabadi, Nikita; Aljunid, Sharifah Tahirah title: 10 “C” in COVID19 date: 2020-05-29 journal: Oral Surg DOI: 10.1111/ors.12527 sha: doc_id: 275253 cord_uid: 6pwqa8zk file: cache/cord-275261-t39kofet.json key: cord-275261-t39kofet authors: Ghosal, Samit; Sengupta, Sumit; Majumder, Milan; Sinha, Binayak title: Prediction of the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 5–6 weeks date: 2020-04-02 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.017 sha: doc_id: 275261 cord_uid: t39kofet file: cache/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.json key: cord-275272-qdg8sqpy authors: Soares-Júnior, José Maria; Sorpreso, Isabel C.E.; Motta, Eduardo Vieira; Utiyama, Edivaldo Massazo; Baracat, Edmund Chada title: Gynecology and women’s health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patient safety in surgery and prevention date: 2020-06-16 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2063 sha: doc_id: 275272 cord_uid: qdg8sqpy file: cache/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.json key: cord-275274-ptgcd6tm authors: Boon, Ian S.; Lim, Jean S.; Au Yong, Tracy P.T.; Boon, Cheng S. title: Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 275274 cord_uid: ptgcd6tm file: cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.json key: cord-275257-upj8mvzn authors: Hwang, E. Shelley; Balch, Charles M.; Balch, Glen C.; Feldman, Sheldon M.; Golshan, Mehra; Grobmyer, Stephen R.; Libutti, Steven K.; Margenthaler, Julie A.; Sasidhar, Madhu; Turaga, Kiran K.; Wong, Sandra L.; McMasters, Kelly M.; Tanabe, Kenneth K. title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 journal: Ann Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 sha: doc_id: 275257 cord_uid: upj8mvzn file: cache/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.json key: cord-275340-q8d7rvnj authors: Sun, JingKang; Chen, YuTing; Fan, XiuDe; Wang, XiaoYun; Han, QunYing; Liu, ZhengWen title: Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 journal: Postgraduate medicine DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1778982 sha: doc_id: 275340 cord_uid: q8d7rvnj file: cache/cord-275277-q0eghbna.json key: cord-275277-q0eghbna authors: Zou, Huachun; Shu, Yuelong; Feng, Tiejian title: How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00714-2 sha: doc_id: 275277 cord_uid: q0eghbna file: cache/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.json key: cord-275336-lnhkux0m authors: Marino Gammazza, Antonella; Légaré, Sébastien; Lo Bosco, Giosuè; Fucarino, Alberto; Angileri, Francesca; Conway de Macario, Everly; Macario, Alberto JL; Cappello, Francesco title: Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Cell Stress Chaperones DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3 sha: doc_id: 275336 cord_uid: lnhkux0m file: cache/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.json key: cord-275353-ezrmuw48 authors: Donma, Mustafa Metin; Donma, Orkide title: The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-02 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109934 sha: doc_id: 275353 cord_uid: ezrmuw48 file: cache/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.json key: cord-275350-m1rv2i11 authors: Maserat, Elham; Jafari, Fereshteh; Mohammadzadeh, Zeinab; Alizadeh, Mahasti; Torkamannia, Anna title: COVID-19 & an NGO and university developed interactive portal: a perspective from Iran date: 2020-08-17 journal: Health Technol (Berl) DOI: 10.1007/s12553-020-00470-1 sha: doc_id: 275350 cord_uid: m1rv2i11 file: cache/cord-275438-drywzvx8.json key: cord-275438-drywzvx8 authors: Satış, Hasan; Özger, Hasan Selçuk; Aysert Yıldız, Pınar; Hızel, Kenan; Gulbahar, Özlem; Erbaş, Gonca; Aygencel, Gülbin; Guzel Tunccan, Ozlem; Öztürk, Mehmet Akif; Dizbay, Murat; Tufan, Abdurrahman title: Prognostic value of interleukin-18 and its association with other inflammatory markers and disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 journal: Cytokine DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155302 sha: doc_id: 275438 cord_uid: drywzvx8 file: cache/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.json key: cord-275349-b35pt3mo authors: Lenz, Heinz-Josef; Richardson, Peter; Stebbing, Justin title: The Emergence of Baricitinib: A Story of Tortoises Versus Hares date: 2020-07-06 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa940 sha: doc_id: 275349 cord_uid: b35pt3mo file: cache/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.json key: cord-275319-j36gnu0e authors: Joob, B.; Wiwanitkit, V. title: COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand date: 2020-04-30 journal: Journal of Hospital Infection DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.02.016 sha: doc_id: 275319 cord_uid: j36gnu0e file: cache/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.json key: cord-275303-8mj8gjv9 authors: Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo; Basu, Saptarshi; Kabi, Prasenjit; Unni, Vishnu R.; Saha, Abhishek title: Modeling the role of respiratory droplets in Covid-19 type pandemics date: 2020-06-01 journal: Phys Fluids (1994) DOI: 10.1063/5.0015984 sha: doc_id: 275303 cord_uid: 8mj8gjv9 file: cache/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.json key: cord-275370-bt45gnqk authors: Arellano-Cotrina, Josabet Johana; Marengo-Coronel, Nicole; Atoche-Socola, Katherine Joselyn; Peña-Soto, Claudio; Arriola-Guillén, Luis Ernesto title: Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review date: 2020-07-17 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.255 sha: doc_id: 275370 cord_uid: bt45gnqk file: cache/cord-275334-0689o76n.json key: cord-275334-0689o76n authors: Amewu, Sena; Asante, Seth; Pauw, Karl; Thurlow, James title: The Economic Costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a Simulation Exercise for Ghana date: 2020-10-30 journal: Eur J Dev Res DOI: 10.1057/s41287-020-00332-6 sha: doc_id: 275334 cord_uid: 0689o76n file: cache/cord-275391-dmfacaua.json key: cord-275391-dmfacaua authors: Liu, Yuan; Chen, Hongguang; Zhang, Nan; Wang, Xing; Fan, Qinyi; Zhang, Yuling; Huang, Liping; Hu, Bo; Li, Mengqian title: Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-09-07 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 275391 cord_uid: dmfacaua file: cache/cord-275381-343y0bsh.json key: cord-275381-343y0bsh authors: Guella, Adnane; Elfadil, Osman; Abdulrazaq, Ghisson; Osman, Sahla; Khan, Mohammed Munir; Ahmed, Abdalla; Deyab, Feras title: Favorable Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Treated with Tocilizumab date: 2020-09-16 journal: Case Rep Infect Dis DOI: 10.1155/2020/8830626 sha: doc_id: 275381 cord_uid: 343y0bsh file: cache/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.json key: cord-275452-ymimvoq9 authors: Ameen, Fuad; Amna, Touseef; AA Alghamdi, Abdullah; Almansob, Abobakr title: Covid-19 pandemic outburst in Saudi Arabia: A Glimpse date: 2020-07-30 journal: Saudi J Biol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.026 sha: doc_id: 275452 cord_uid: ymimvoq9 file: cache/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.json key: cord-275477-blu6wjhu authors: Trimaille, Antonin; Bonnet, Guillaume title: COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembolique veineuse date: 2020-09-29 journal: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.027 sha: doc_id: 275477 cord_uid: blu6wjhu file: cache/cord-275584-zeqax0il.json key: cord-275584-zeqax0il authors: Mahil, S. K.; Yates, M.; Langan, S. M.; Yiu, Z. Z.; Tsakok, T.; Dand, N.; Mason, K. J.; McAteer, H.; Meynall, F.; Coker, B.; Vincent, A.; Urmston, D.; Vesty, A.; Kelly, J.; Lancelot, C.; Moorhead, L.; Bachelez, H.; Bruce, I. N.; Capon, F.; Contreras, C. R.; Cope, A. P.; De La Cruz, C.; Di Meglio, P.; Gisondi, P.; Hyrich, K.; Jullien, D.; Lambert, J.; Waweru, H.; Marzo-Ortega, H.; McInnes, I.; Naldi, L.; Norton, S.; Puig, L.; Spuls, P.; Sengupta, R.; Torres, T.; Warren, R. B.; Weinman, J.; Griffiths, C. E.; Barker, J. N.; Brown, M. A.; Galloway, J. B.; Smith, C. H. title: Risk mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory joint and skin disease during the COVID-19 pandemic differ by treatment type: a cross-sectional patient survey date: 2020-11-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226662 sha: doc_id: 275584 cord_uid: zeqax0il file: cache/cord-275510-fotolimq.json key: cord-275510-fotolimq authors: Sytwu, Huey-Kang title: Expeditious responses to COVID-19 crisis: from governmental management to laboratory approach date: 2020-09-19 journal: Biomed J DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 275510 cord_uid: fotolimq file: cache/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.json key: cord-275447-nx45kwn6 authors: Ehrenpreis, Eli D.; Kruchko, David H. title: Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Clin Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001371 sha: doc_id: 275447 cord_uid: nx45kwn6 file: cache/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.json key: cord-275675-gzd75ks9 authors: Gee, Siobhan; Taylor, David title: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine date: 2020-07-16 journal: Ther Adv Psychopharmacol DOI: 10.1177/2045125320940935 sha: doc_id: 275675 cord_uid: gzd75ks9 file: cache/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.json key: cord-275395-w2u7fq1g authors: Romero-Severson, Ethan Obie; Hengartner, Nick; Meadors, Grant; Ke, Ruian title: Change in global transmission rates of COVID-19 through May 6 2020 date: 2020-08-06 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236776 sha: doc_id: 275395 cord_uid: w2u7fq1g file: cache/cord-275556-798oed8n.json key: cord-275556-798oed8n authors: Piubelli, Chiara; Deiana, Michela; Pomari, Elena; Silva, Ronaldo; Bisoffi, Zeno; Formenti, Fabio; Perandin, Francesca; Gobbi, Federico; Buonfrate, Dora title: Overall decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reduction of clinical burden: the experience of a Northern Italy hospital date: 2020-10-12 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 275556 cord_uid: 798oed8n file: cache/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.json key: cord-275784-n6jv72l7 authors: Spina, Alfio; Boari, Nicola; Gagliardi, Filippo; Bailo, Michele; Calvanese, Francesco; Mortini, Pietro title: The Management Of Neurosurgical Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.161 sha: doc_id: 275784 cord_uid: n6jv72l7 file: cache/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.json key: cord-275531-88iqxzqc authors: Yu, Xinyu; Feng, Xin; Wei, Xiang title: Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-10 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.478 sha: doc_id: 275531 cord_uid: 88iqxzqc file: cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.json key: cord-275601-9y5zj9an authors: Boutron, Isabelle; Chaimani, Anna; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn; Devane, Declan; Rada, Gabriel; Tovey, David; Grasselli, Giacomo; Ravaud, Philippe title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-5261 sha: doc_id: 275601 cord_uid: 9y5zj9an file: cache/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.json key: cord-275506-3t5gf66c authors: Agbuduwe, Charles; Basu, Supratik title: Hematolological Manifestations of COVID‐19: From Cytopenia to Coagulopathy date: 2020-07-14 journal: Eur J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13491 sha: doc_id: 275506 cord_uid: 3t5gf66c file: cache/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.json key: cord-275693-ej76fsxa authors: Stanislau Affonso de Araujo, E.; Maria Bernardes Henriques Amaral, F.; Park, D.; Paola Ceraldi Cameira, A.; Augustinho Muniz da Cunha, M.; Gutierrez Karl, E.; Henderson, S. J. title: Teach, and teach and teach: does the average citizen use masks correctly during daily activities? Results from an observational study with more than 12,000 participants date: 2020-06-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20139907 sha: doc_id: 275693 cord_uid: ej76fsxa file: cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.json key: cord-275711-ejw3ausf authors: Mon-López, Daniel; de la Rubia Riaza, Alfonso; Hontoria Galán, Mónica; Refoyo Roman, Ignacio title: The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players date: 2020-09-05 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186471 sha: doc_id: 275711 cord_uid: ejw3ausf file: cache/cord-275696-xag08e8h.json key: cord-275696-xag08e8h authors: Dharamsi, A.; Hayman, K.; Yi, S.; Chow, R.; Yee, C.; Gaylord, E.; Tawadrous, D.; Chartier, L.B.; Landes, M. title: Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid cycle in situ simulation date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.020 sha: doc_id: 275696 cord_uid: xag08e8h file: cache/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.json key: cord-275924-mmcszoxb authors: Drew, David A.; Nguyen, Long H.; Steves, Claire J.; Wolf, Jonathan; Spector, Tim D.; Chan, Andrew T. title: Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 sha: doc_id: 275924 cord_uid: mmcszoxb file: cache/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.json key: cord-275557-peo4d1hn authors: Musa, Arif; Warbasse, Elizabeth; Baron, David A.; Pendi, Kasim; Hashemi, Areio; Yousif, Jenna; Blodget, Emily; Stevens, Susan; Aly, Besma; Khambati, Alisha; Kouyoumjian, Sarkis title: Addendum to Systematic Review of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.48121 sha: doc_id: 275557 cord_uid: peo4d1hn file: cache/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.json key: cord-275721-l6l7bln0 authors: Hussain, Azhar; Balmforth, Damian; Yates, Martin; Lopez‐Marco, Ana; Rathwell, Claire; Lambourne, Jonathan; Roberts, Neil; Lall, Kulvinder; Edmondson, Stephen title: The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14747 sha: doc_id: 275721 cord_uid: l6l7bln0 file: cache/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.json key: cord-275737-jg45bnzq authors: Mughal, Z; Luff, E; Okonkwo, O; Hall, C E J title: Test, test, test – a complication of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 with nasal swabs date: 2020-07-09 journal: The Journal of laryngology and otology DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120001425 sha: doc_id: 275737 cord_uid: jg45bnzq file: cache/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.json key: cord-275637-ea6w2kqv authors: Roca-Fernandez, A.; Dennis, A.; Nicolls, R.; McGonigle, J.; Kelly, M.; Banerjee, R. title: HIGH LIVER FAT ASSOCIATES WITH HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 INFECTION - INITIAL UK BIOBANK OBSERVATIONS date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122457 sha: doc_id: 275637 cord_uid: ea6w2kqv file: cache/cord-275833-c3zamfix.json key: cord-275833-c3zamfix authors: McElligott, Helen; Toale, Conor; Moloney, Michael A.; Kavanagh, Eamon G. title: Hybrid-CERAB (Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of the Aortic Bifurcation) Procedure is preferable to Aorto-Bi-Femoral Bypass for Limb-threatening Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis. date: 2020-09-02 journal: J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 275833 cord_uid: c3zamfix file: cache/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.json key: cord-275842-dtdb4yuc authors: Nachmias, Vered; Fusman, Renato; Mann, Susie; Koren, Gideon title: The First Case of Documented Covid-19 Reinfection in Israel date: 2020-10-01 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00970 sha: doc_id: 275842 cord_uid: dtdb4yuc file: cache/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.json key: cord-275852-hvbsx5an authors: Lachapelle, F. title: COVID-19 Preprints and Their Publishing Rate: An Improved Method date: 2020-09-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.04.20188771 sha: doc_id: 275852 cord_uid: hvbsx5an file: cache/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.json key: cord-275595-q1hyxevb authors: Ruan, Xiaofeng; Du, Peng; Zhao, Kang; Huang, Jucun; Xia, Hongmei; Dai, Dan; Huang, Shu; Cui, Xiang; Liu, Liming; Zhang, Jianjun title: Mechanism of Dayuanyin in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking date: 2020-06-12 journal: Chin Med DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00346-6 sha: doc_id: 275595 cord_uid: q1hyxevb file: cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.json key: cord-275660-zdw50gt2 authors: Mao, Kang; Zhang, Hua; Yang, Zhugen title: The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: Biosens Bioelectron DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112617 sha: doc_id: 275660 cord_uid: zdw50gt2 file: cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.json key: cord-275853-fym8qze2 authors: Yang, Juan; Chen, Xinhua; Deng, Xiaowei; Chen, Zhiyuan; Gong, Hui; Yan, Han; Wu, Qianhui; Shi, Huilin; Lai, Shengjie; Ajelli, Marco; Viboud, Cecile; Yu, Hongjie title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 sha: doc_id: 275853 cord_uid: fym8qze2 file: cache/cord-275866-m89hgf41.json key: cord-275866-m89hgf41 authors: Li, Ping; Chen, Lulu; Liu, Zheming; Pan, Jinghui; Zhou, Dingyi; Wang, Hui; Gong, Hongyun; Fu, Zhenmin; Song, Qibin; Min, Qian; Ruan, Shasha; Xu, Tangpeng; Cheng, Fan; Li, Xiangpan title: Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.107 sha: doc_id: 275866 cord_uid: m89hgf41 file: cache/cord-275754-1thebz19.json key: cord-275754-1thebz19 authors: García Bascones, M.; Puentes Gutiérrez, AB; Fernández García, L.; Rubio Mellado, M.; Madrid Sánchez, J.; Hernández López, M. title: Luchando contra la covid-19: labor asistencial de los médicos rehabilitadores españoles. Estudio transversal date: 2020-08-08 journal: Rehabilitacion (Madr) DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 275754 cord_uid: 1thebz19 file: cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.json key: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs authors: Cheng, Matthew P.; Yansouni, Cedric P.; Basta, Nicole E.; Desjardins, Michaël; Kanjilal, Sanjat; Paquette, Katryn; Caya, Chelsea; Semret, Makeda; Quach, Caroline; Libman, Michael; Mazzola, Laura; Sacks, Jilian A.; Dittrich, Sabine; Papenburg, Jesse title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2854 sha: doc_id: 275946 cord_uid: ofd2ipvs file: cache/cord-275858-46jzw94p.json key: cord-275858-46jzw94p authors: Leung, Janice M.; Niikura, Masahiro; Yang, Cheng Wei Tony; Sin, Don D. title: COVID-19 and COPD date: 2020-08-13 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02108-2020 sha: doc_id: 275858 cord_uid: 46jzw94p file: cache/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.json key: cord-275880-d53xe5oh authors: Halepas, Steven; Ferneini, Elie M. title: A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19. date: 2020-04-09 journal: J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.03.036 sha: doc_id: 275880 cord_uid: d53xe5oh file: cache/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.json key: cord-275974-uqd30v7b authors: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad; Hossain, M. Shamim title: MetaCOVID: A Siamese neural network framework with contrastive loss for n-shot diagnosis of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-17 journal: Pattern Recognit DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107700 sha: doc_id: 275974 cord_uid: uqd30v7b file: cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.json key: cord-275978-pezm1tnw authors: Riccardo, Flavia; Ajelli, Marco; Andrianou, Xanthi; Bella, Antonino; Del Manso, Martina; Fabiani, Massimo; Bellino, Stefania; Boros, Stefano; Mateo Urdiales, Alberto; Marziano, Valentina; Rota, Maria Cristina; Filia, Antonietta; D'Ancona, Fortunato (Paolo); Siddu, Andrea; Punzo, Ornella; Trentini, Filippo; Guzzetta, Giorgio; Poletti, Piero; Stefanelli, Paola; Castrucci, Maria Rita; Ciervo, Alessandra; Di Benedetto, Corrado; Tallon, Marco; Piccioli, Andrea; Brusaferro, Silvio; Rezza, Giovanni; Merler, Stefano; Pezzotti, Patrizio title: Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20056861 sha: doc_id: 275978 cord_uid: pezm1tnw file: cache/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.json key: cord-275897-j9cwlzxu authors: Hashmi, Ali M.; Saleem, Haider Ali title: New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2792 sha: doc_id: 275897 cord_uid: j9cwlzxu file: cache/cord-275915-fz16sylv.json key: cord-275915-fz16sylv authors: Liu, Zi-Han; Zhao, Yan-Jie; Feng, Yuan; Zhang, Qinge; Zhong, Bao-Liang; Cheung, Teris; Hall, Brian J.; Xiang, Yu-Tao title: Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-19 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00608-w sha: doc_id: 275915 cord_uid: fz16sylv file: cache/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.json key: cord-276014-inv3hsbr authors: Wijngaards, Indy; Sisouw de Zilwa, Sophie C. M.; Burger, Martijn J. title: Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568907 sha: doc_id: 276014 cord_uid: inv3hsbr file: cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.json key: cord-276150-hp174yft authors: Basnet, Sangita; Koirala, Sameena; Pandey, Basu; Koirala, Janak title: COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date: 2020-07-01 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8946 sha: doc_id: 276150 cord_uid: hp174yft file: cache/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.json key: cord-275867-qm7y3thy authors: Hassan, Suzan B.; Soliman, Mohammad title: COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100495 sha: doc_id: 275867 cord_uid: qm7y3thy file: cache/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.json key: cord-276044-z7rupgfo authors: Di Crosta, Adolfo; Palumbo, Rocco; Marchetti, Daniela; Ceccato, Irene; La Malva, Pasquale; Maiella, Roberta; Cipi, Mario; Roma, Paolo; Mammarella, Nicola; Verrocchio, Maria Cristina; Di Domenico, Alberto title: Individual Differences, Economic Stability, and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms in the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-09-08 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567367 sha: doc_id: 276044 cord_uid: z7rupgfo file: cache/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.json key: cord-275979-cx2h5bsw authors: Scutelnic, Adrian; Heldner, Mirjam R. title: Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors—Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Curr Treat Options Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00648-y sha: doc_id: 275979 cord_uid: cx2h5bsw file: cache/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.json key: cord-276090-n8c2jpr6 authors: Patel, Hiren N.; Syed, Asma; Lobel, Jeffrey S.; Galler, Robert; Georges, Joseph; Carmody, Margaret; Puumala, Micheal title: Cerebellar Infarction Requiring Surgical Decompression in patient with COVID 19 Pathological Analysis, Brief Review date: 2020-07-29 journal: Interdiscip Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100850 sha: doc_id: 276090 cord_uid: n8c2jpr6 file: cache/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.json key: cord-276013-8dhqa2gj authors: Luo, Yung-Hung; Chiu, Hwa-Yen; Weng, Chia-Sui; Chen, Yuh-Min title: Overview of coronavirus disease 2019: Treatment updates and advances date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Chin Med Assoc DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000367 sha: doc_id: 276013 cord_uid: 8dhqa2gj file: cache/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.json key: cord-276083-ds0f0ois authors: Pelicioni, Paulo H.S.; Lord, Stephen R. title: COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think! date: 2020-05-01 journal: Braz J Phys Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 276083 cord_uid: ds0f0ois file: cache/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.json key: cord-276177-hhmd8ilk authors: Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Hasanuzzaman, Md.; Shammi, Mashura; Salam, Roquia; Bodrud-Doza, Md.; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur; Mannan, Md. Abdul; Huq, Saleemul title: Are meteorological factors enhancing COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh? Novel findings from a compound Poisson generalized linear modeling approach date: 2020-10-28 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11273-2 sha: doc_id: 276177 cord_uid: hhmd8ilk file: cache/cord-276225-tv70aakj.json key: cord-276225-tv70aakj authors: Musolino, Anna Maria; Supino, Maria Chiara; Buonsenso, Danilo; Ferro, Valentina; Valentini, Piero; Magistrelli, Andrea; Lombardi, Mary Haywood; Romani, Lorenza; D'Argenio, Patrizia; Campana, Andrea title: Lung Ultrasound in Children with COVID-19: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-05-03 journal: Ultrasound Med Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.026 sha: doc_id: 276225 cord_uid: tv70aakj file: cache/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.json key: cord-276061-7b8h2sjw authors: Zammit, M; Markey, A; Webb, C title: A rise in facial nerve palsies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 journal: The Journal of laryngology and otology DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002121 sha: doc_id: 276061 cord_uid: 7b8h2sjw file: cache/cord-276199-akoxd44f.json key: cord-276199-akoxd44f authors: DEFAR, A.; Molla, G.; Abdella, S.; Tessema, M.; Ahmed, M.; Tadele, A.; Getachew, F.; Hailegiorgis, B.; Tigabu, E.; Ababor, S.; Bizuwork, K.; Deressa, A.; Tasew, G.; kebede, A.; Melese, D.; Gashu, A.; Eshetu, K.; Tayachew, A.; Wossen, M.; Hassen, A.; Habebe, S.; Assefa, Z.; Abayneh, A.; Abate, E.; Tollera, G. title: Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia date: 2020-08-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20172429 sha: doc_id: 276199 cord_uid: akoxd44f file: cache/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.json key: cord-276234-2nkeq4ud authors: Siedlecki, Jakob; Brantl, Victor; Schworm, Benedikt; Mayer, Wolfgang Johann; Gerhardt, Maximilian; Michalakis, Stylianos; Kreutzer, Thomas; Priglinger, Siegfried title: COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic date: 2020-05-06 journal: Klin Monbl Augenheilkd DOI: 10.1055/a-1164-9381 sha: doc_id: 276234 cord_uid: 2nkeq4ud file: cache/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.json key: cord-276238-2hv46ftk authors: Ing, Richard J.; Bills, Corey; Merritt, Glenn; Ragusa, Rosalia; Bremner, Ross M.; Bellia, Francesco title: The role of helmet-delivered noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.060 sha: doc_id: 276238 cord_uid: 2hv46ftk file: cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.json key: cord-276181-5gh0i394 authors: Eimer, J.; Vesterbacka, J.; Svensson, A.-K.; Stojanovic, B.; Wagrell, C.; Sonnerborg, A.; Nowak, P. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164160 sha: doc_id: 276181 cord_uid: 5gh0i394 file: cache/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.json key: cord-276194-4sfc7hal authors: Vijayvargiya, Prakhar; Garrigos, Zerelda Esquer; Castillo Almeida, Natalia E.; Gurram, Pooja R.; Stevens, Ryan W.; Razonable, Raymund R. title: In Reply–The “Perfect Cytokine Storm” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 276194 cord_uid: 4sfc7hal file: cache/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.json key: cord-276132-tv5y1eqc authors: Ray, Upasana; Aziz, Faisal; Shankar, Abhishek; Biswas, Aalekhya Sharma; Chakraborty, Abhijit title: COVID-19: The Impact in Oncology Care date: 2020-10-23 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00592-7 sha: doc_id: 276132 cord_uid: tv5y1eqc file: cache/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.json key: cord-276204-ibmnuj5u authors: Ratten, Vanessa; Jones, Paul title: Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100432 sha: doc_id: 276204 cord_uid: ibmnuj5u file: cache/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.json key: cord-276241-4g6pa7kz authors: Yurttaş, Berna; Oztas, Mert; Tunc, Ali; Balkan, İlker İnanç; Tabak, Omer Fehmi; Hamuryudan, Vedat; Seyahi, Emire title: Characteristics and outcomes of Behçet’s syndrome patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case series of 10 patients date: 2020-07-09 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02427-8 sha: doc_id: 276241 cord_uid: 4g6pa7kz file: cache/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.json key: cord-276249-9opsg7p2 authors: Roberto, Katrina T.; Espiritu, Adrian I.; Fernandez, Marc Laurence L.; Gutierrez, Josephine C. title: Electroencephalographic findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review date: 2020-09-15 journal: Seizure DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 276249 cord_uid: 9opsg7p2 file: cache/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.json key: cord-276237-zqtjjyoq authors: Sundar, K. R. Shyam title: COVID-19 and State Failure: A Double Whammy for Trade Unions and Labour Rights date: 2020-09-14 journal: Indian J Labour Econ DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00263-0 sha: doc_id: 276237 cord_uid: zqtjjyoq file: cache/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.json key: cord-276295-0w3jz31k authors: Chai, A.; Philip, J.; Crank, S.; Mizen, K. title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and ‘suppressing’ the pandemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 276295 cord_uid: 0w3jz31k file: cache/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.json key: cord-276264-wgzh3f5m authors: Navlakha, S.; Morjaria, S.; Perez-Johnston, R.; Zhang, A.; Taur, Y. title: Projecting COVID-19 disease severity in cancer patients using purposefully-designed machine learning date: 2020-08-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.23.20179838 sha: doc_id: 276264 cord_uid: wgzh3f5m file: cache/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.json key: cord-276325-l26sdtxf authors: Jheon, Sanghoon; Ahmed, Aneez DB; Fang, Vincent WT; Jung, Woohyun; Khan, Ali Zamir; Lee, Jang-Ming; Nakajima, Jun; Sihoe, Alan DL; Thongcharoen, Punnarerk; Tsuboi, Masahiro; Turna, Akif title: General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann DOI: 10.1177/0218492320926886 sha: doc_id: 276325 cord_uid: l26sdtxf file: cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.json key: cord-276374-i37ygb2z authors: Deasy, Jacob; Rocheteau, Emma; Kohler, Katharina; Stubbs, Daniel J.; Barbiero, Pietro; Liò, Pietro; Ercole, Ari title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 sha: doc_id: 276374 cord_uid: i37ygb2z file: cache/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.json key: cord-276303-lgywz9ea authors: Rello, Jordi; Waterer, Grant W.; Bourdiol, Alexandre; Roquilly, Antoine title: COVID-19, steroids and other immunomodulators: The jigsaw is not complete date: 2020-10-25 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.011 sha: doc_id: 276303 cord_uid: lgywz9ea file: cache/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.json key: cord-276327-wyevh4xv authors: Sheng, Calvin C; Sahoo, Debasis; Dugar, Siddharth; Prada, Robier Aguillon; Wang, Tom Kai Ming; Abou Hassan, Ossama K; Brennan, Danielle; Culver, Daniel A; Rajendram, Prabalini; Duggal, Abhijit; Lincoff, A Michael; Nissen, Steven E; Menon, Venu; Cremer, Paul C title: Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS‐CoV‐2 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid‐19 cardiac injury: The three C study) date: 2020-08-24 journal: Clin Cardiol DOI: 10.1002/clc.23451 sha: doc_id: 276327 cord_uid: wyevh4xv file: cache/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.json key: cord-276316-7ot9ds34 authors: Lei, Chunliang; Lin, Weiyin; Deng, Xilong; Hu, Fengyu; Chen, Fengjuan; Cai, Weiping; Li, Yueping; Wen, Chunyan; Guan, Yujuan; Wang, Jian; Chen, Xiaoting; Cao, Yi; Li, Feng; Tang, Xiaoping; Li, Linghua title: Factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-10-14 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104661 sha: doc_id: 276316 cord_uid: 7ot9ds34 file: cache/cord-276267-77903fld.json key: cord-276267-77903fld authors: Al‐Ani, Aysha H.; Prentice, Ralley E.; Rentsch, Clarissa A.; Johnson, Doug; Ardalan, Zaid; Heerasing, Neel; Garg, Mayur; Campbell, Sian; Sasadeusz, Joe; Macrae, Finlay A.; Ng, Siew C.; Rubin, David T.; Christensen, Britt title: Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient date: 2020-05-26 journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1111/apt.15779 sha: doc_id: 276267 cord_uid: 77903fld file: cache/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.json key: cord-276405-yfvu83r9 authors: Brat, Gabriel A.; Weber, Griffin M.; Gehlenborg, Nils; Avillach, Paul; Palmer, Nathan P.; Chiovato, Luca; Cimino, James; Waitman, Lemuel R.; Omenn, Gilbert S.; Malovini, Alberto; Moore, Jason H.; Beaulieu-Jones, Brett K.; Tibollo, Valentina; Murphy, Shawn N.; Yi, Sehi L’; Keller, Mark S.; Bellazzi, Riccardo; Hanauer, David A.; Serret-Larmande, Arnaud; Gutierrez-Sacristan, Alba; Holmes, John J.; Bell, Douglas S.; Mandl, Kenneth D.; Follett, Robert W.; Klann, Jeffrey G.; Murad, Douglas A.; Scudeller, Luigia; Bucalo, Mauro; Kirchoff, Katie; Craig, Jean; Obeid, Jihad; Jouhet, Vianney; Griffier, Romain; Cossin, Sebastien; Moal, Bertrand; Patel, Lav P.; Bellasi, Antonio; Prokosch, Hans U.; Kraska, Detlef; Sliz, Piotr; Tan, Amelia L. M.; Ngiam, Kee Yuan; Zambelli, Alberto; Mowery, Danielle L.; Schiver, Emily; Devkota, Batsal; Bradford, Robert L.; Daniar, Mohamad; Daniel, Christel; Benoit, Vincent; Bey, Romain; Paris, Nicolas; Serre, Patricia; Orlova, Nina; Dubiel, Julien; Hilka, Martin; Jannot, Anne Sophie; Breant, Stephane; Leblanc, Judith; Griffon, Nicolas; Burgun, Anita; Bernaux, Melodie; Sandrin, Arnaud; Salamanca, Elisa; Cormont, Sylvie; Ganslandt, Thomas; Gradinger, Tobias; Champ, Julien; Boeker, Martin; Martel, Patricia; Esteve, Loic; Gramfort, Alexandre; Grisel, Olivier; Leprovost, Damien; Moreau, Thomas; Varoquaux, Gael; Vie, Jill-Jênn; Wassermann, Demian; Mensch, Arthur; Caucheteux, Charlotte; Haverkamp, Christian; Lemaitre, Guillaume; Bosari, Silvano; Krantz, Ian D.; South, Andrew; Cai, Tianxi; Kohane, Isaac S. title: International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium date: 2020-08-19 journal: NPJ Digit Med DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-00308-0 sha: doc_id: 276405 cord_uid: yfvu83r9 file: cache/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.json key: cord-276351-cv5th7hd authors: Moorlag, Simone J.C.F.M.; van Deuren, Rosanne C.; van Werkhoven, Cornelis H.; Jaeger, Martin; Debisarun, Priya; Taks, Esther; Mourits, Vera P.; Koeken, Valerie A.C.M.; de Bree, L. Charlotte J.; Doesschate, Thijs ten; Cleophas, Maartje C.; Smeekens, Sanne; Oosting, Marije; van de Veerdonk, Frank L.; Joosten, Leo A.B.; Oever, Jaap ten; van der Meer, Jos W.M.; Curtis, Nigel; Aaby, Peter; Stabell-Benn, Christine; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Bonten, Marc; van Crevel, Reinout; Netea, Mihai G. title: Safety and COVID-19 symptoms in individuals recently vaccinated with BCG: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-05 journal: Cell Rep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100073 sha: doc_id: 276351 cord_uid: cv5th7hd file: cache/cord-276438-nynri6my.json key: cord-276438-nynri6my authors: Lu, Jiade J. title: Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 journal: Adv Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 276438 cord_uid: nynri6my file: cache/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.json key: cord-276300-6xy8bwfl authors: Sahoo, Swapnajeet; Mehra, Aseem; Suri, Vikas; Malhotra, Pankaj; Yaddanapudi, Narayana; D Puri, G; Grover, Sandeep title: Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger date: 2020-05-30 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102187 sha: doc_id: 276300 cord_uid: 6xy8bwfl file: cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.json key: cord-276328-08ava9ni authors: Kunutsor, Setor K.; Laukkanen, Jari A. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.043 sha: doc_id: 276328 cord_uid: 08ava9ni file: cache/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.json key: cord-276493-hoaxv5e0 authors: Jeong, Gi Uk; Song, Hanra; Yoon, Gun Young; Kim, Doyoun; Kwon, Young-Chan title: Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19 and Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: A Review date: 2020-07-14 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01723 sha: doc_id: 276493 cord_uid: hoaxv5e0 file: cache/cord-276630-qci7khki.json key: cord-276630-qci7khki authors: Lima, William Gustavo; Brito, Júlio César Moreira; Overhage, Joerg; Nizer, Waleska Stephanie da Cruz title: The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review date: 2020-06-08 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04693-5 sha: doc_id: 276630 cord_uid: qci7khki file: cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.json key: cord-276359-syr9av09 authors: Piva, Simone; Filippini, Matteo; Turla, Fabio; Cattaneo, Sergio; Margola, Alessio; De Fulviis, Silvia; Nardiello, Ida; Beretta, Alessandra; Ferrari, Laura; Trotta, Raffaella; Erbici, Gloria; Focà, Emanuele; Castelli, Francesco; Rasulo, Frank; Lanspa, Michael J.; Latronico, Nicola title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 276359 cord_uid: syr9av09 file: cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.json key: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx authors: Krishnan, Lakshmi; Ogunwole, S. Michelle; Cooper, Lisa A. title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2223 sha: doc_id: 276428 cord_uid: oy8e2cpx file: cache/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.json key: cord-276401-zsim1pn2 authors: Kay, Emma Sophia; Musgrove, Karen title: From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama date: 2020-04-24 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02879-1 sha: doc_id: 276401 cord_uid: zsim1pn2 file: cache/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.json key: cord-276392-m1bbt8bo authors: Asyary, Al; Veruswati, Meita title: Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia date: 2020-04-27 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139016 sha: doc_id: 276392 cord_uid: m1bbt8bo file: cache/cord-276524-th6eu11h.json key: cord-276524-th6eu11h authors: Atallah, Bassam; El Nekidy, Wasim; Mallah, Saad I.; Cherfan, Antoine; AbdelWareth, Laila; Mallat, Jihad; Hamed, Fadi title: Thrombotic events following tocilizumab therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a Façade for prognostic markers date: 2020-09-09 journal: Thromb J DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00236-9 sha: doc_id: 276524 cord_uid: th6eu11h file: cache/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.json key: cord-276529-ol2c7f3x authors: Ramasamy, Roshan; Milne, Kate; Bell, Deanne; Stoneham, Simon; Chevassut, Timothy title: Molecular mechanisms for thrombosis risk in Black people: a role in excess mortality from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-08 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16869 sha: doc_id: 276529 cord_uid: ol2c7f3x file: cache/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.json key: cord-276549-r5l4pse8 authors: Dastoli, Stefano; Bennardo, Luigi; Patruno, Cataldo; Nisticò, Steven Paul title: Are erythema multiforme and urticaria related to a better outcome of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-09 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13681 sha: doc_id: 276549 cord_uid: r5l4pse8 file: cache/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.json key: cord-276391-g43ktrj9 authors: Browne, Rodrigo A.V.; Macêdo, Geovani A.D.; Cabral, Ludmila L.P.; Oliveira, Gledson T.A.; Vivas, Andres; Fontes, Eduardo B.; Elsangedy, Hassan M.; Costa, Eduardo C. title: Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis date: 2020-10-22 journal: Exp Gerontol DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111121 sha: doc_id: 276391 cord_uid: g43ktrj9 file: cache/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.json key: cord-276720-cltnk0rg authors: Montrone, Michele; Catino, Annamaria; Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio; Longo, Vito; Galetta, Domenico title: Favourable outcome of COVID-19 in an ALK-positive NSCLC patient receiving Alectinib date: 2020-08-11 journal: Eur J Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.030 sha: doc_id: 276720 cord_uid: cltnk0rg file: cache/cord-276829-c1krlejx.json key: cord-276829-c1krlejx authors: José Antonio, Soriano Sánchez; Tito, Perilla; Marcelo, Zenteno; Alvaro, Campero; Claudio, Yampolsky; Mauro, Loyo Varela; Manuel Eduardo, Soto García; José Alberto Israel, Romero Rangel title: EARLY REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE AMONG MEMBERS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETIES date: 2020-05-07 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.226 sha: doc_id: 276829 cord_uid: c1krlejx file: cache/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.json key: cord-276483-4yp4beuh authors: Cooper, Isabella D; Crofts, Catherine A P; DiNicolantonio, James J; Malhotra, Aseem; Elliott, Bradley; Kyriakidou, Yvoni; Brookler, Kenneth H title: Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management date: 2020-09-16 journal: Open Heart DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001356 sha: doc_id: 276483 cord_uid: 4yp4beuh file: cache/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.json key: cord-276592-dsilwfl1 authors: Chou, Calvin L title: How COVID-19 Disrupts—and Enhances—My Clinical Work date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Patient Exp DOI: 10.1177/2374373520918739 sha: doc_id: 276592 cord_uid: dsilwfl1 file: cache/cord-276538-q0v26rml.json key: cord-276538-q0v26rml authors: Guasch, Emilia; Brogly, Nicolas; Manrique, Susana title: Recomendaciones prácticas en la paciente obstétrica con infección por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 276538 cord_uid: q0v26rml file: cache/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.json key: cord-276626-ujbmukj0 authors: Rascado Sedes, P.; Ballesteros Sanz, M.Á.; Bodí Saera, M. A.; Carrasco Rodríguez-Rey, L. F.; Castellanos Ortega, Á.; Catalán González, M.; de Haro López, C; Díaz Santos, E.; Escriba Barcena, A.; Frade Mera, M. J.; Igeño Cano, J. C.; Martín Delgado, M. C.; Martínez Estalella, G.; Raimondi, N.; Roca I Gas, O.; Rodríguez Oviedo, A.; Romero San Pío, E.; Trenado Álvarez, J.; Raurell, M. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19♦ date: 2020-04-03 journal: Enferm Intensiva DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2020.03.001 sha: doc_id: 276626 cord_uid: ujbmukj0 file: cache/cord-276635-0ciy732e.json key: cord-276635-0ciy732e authors: Nijjer, Sukhjinder Singh; Petraco, Ricardo; Sen, Sayan title: Optimal management of acute coronary syndromes in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317143 sha: doc_id: 276635 cord_uid: 0ciy732e file: cache/cord-276641-40r4mitg.json key: cord-276641-40r4mitg authors: Elkhouly, Enas A; Salem, Radwa H; Haggag, Mahmoud title: Should cancer treatment be continued during the COVID-19 pandemic? A single Egyptian institution experience date: 2020-07-23 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1077 sha: doc_id: 276641 cord_uid: 40r4mitg file: cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.json key: cord-276676-lgt0rzob authors: Moka, Eleni; Paladini, Antonella; Rekatsina, Martina; Urits, Ivan; Viswanath, Omar; Kaye, Alan D.; Yeam, Cheng Teng; Varrassi, Giustino title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 journal: Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 276676 cord_uid: lgt0rzob file: cache/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.json key: cord-276711-y74zr7fn authors: Winthrop, Kevin L; Mariette, Xavier title: To immunosuppress: whom, when and how? That is the question with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218694 sha: doc_id: 276711 cord_uid: y74zr7fn file: cache/cord-276834-20lcihf4.json key: cord-276834-20lcihf4 authors: Idilman, Ilkay S.; Telli Dizman, Gulcin; Ardali Duzgun, Selin; Irmak, Ilim; Karcaaltincaba, Musturay; Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan; Demirkazik, Figen; Durhan, Gamze; Gulsun Akpinar, Meltem; Ariyurek, Orhan Macit; Akpinar, Erhan; Rello, Jordi; Akova, Murat; Akata, Deniz title: Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy date: 2020-08-29 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07155-3 sha: doc_id: 276834 cord_uid: 20lcihf4 file: cache/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.json key: cord-276879-u39a6nwc authors: Crotty, Frances; Watson, Rosie; Lim, Wen Kwang title: Nursing homes: the titanic of cruise ships – will residential aged care facilities survive the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Intern Med J DOI: 10.1111/imj.14966 sha: doc_id: 276879 cord_uid: u39a6nwc file: cache/cord-276895-p85obwp2.json key: cord-276895-p85obwp2 authors: Carriazo, Sol; Kanbay, Mehmet; Ortiz, Alberto title: Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye date: 2020-07-16 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa112 sha: doc_id: 276895 cord_uid: p85obwp2 file: cache/cord-276908-9jthjf24.json key: cord-276908-9jthjf24 authors: Gupta, Akanksha; Kumar, Sanjay; Kumar, Ravinder; Choudhary, Ashish Kumar; Kumari, Kamlesh; Singh, Prashant; Kumar, Vinod title: COVID‐19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives date: 2020-07-06 journal: ChemistrySelect DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001709 sha: doc_id: 276908 cord_uid: 9jthjf24 file: cache/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.json key: cord-276870-gxtvlji7 authors: Bobrowski, Tesia; Melo-Filho, Cleber C.; Korn, Daniel; Alves, Vinicius M.; Popov, Konstantin I.; Auerbach, Scott; Schmitt, Charles; Moorman, Nathaniel J.; Muratov, Eugene N.; Tropsha, Alexander title: Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! date: 2020-07-15 journal: Drug Discov Today DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 276870 cord_uid: gxtvlji7 file: cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.json key: cord-276945-gly0stxm authors: Coxon, Kirstie; Turienzo, Cristina Fernandez; Kweekel, Liselotte; Goodarzi, Bahareh; Brigante, Lia; Simon, Agnes; Lanau, Miriam Morlans title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 journal: Midwifery DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 sha: doc_id: 276945 cord_uid: gly0stxm file: cache/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.json key: cord-277086-j7hih6o9 authors: Atchison, Christina J; Bowman, Leigh; Vrinten, Charlotte; Redd, Rozlyn; Pristera, Philippa; Eaton, Jeffrey W; Ward, Helen title: Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults date: 2020-04-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050039 sha: doc_id: 277086 cord_uid: j7hih6o9 file: cache/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.json key: cord-276957-pk33dl8q authors: Hu, Xuejiao; Deng, Qianyun; Li, Junmin; Chen, Jierong; Wang, Zixia; Zhang, Xiqin; Fang, Zhixin; Li, Haijian; Zhao, Yunhu; Yu, Pan; Li, Wenmin; Wang, Xiaoming; Li, Shan; Zhang, Lei; Hou, Tieying title: Development and Clinical Application of a Rapid and Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-26 journal: mSphere DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00808-20 sha: doc_id: 276957 cord_uid: pk33dl8q file: cache/cord-276984-npgalqoz.json key: cord-276984-npgalqoz authors: Dahl Mathiasen, Victor; Jensen-Fangel, Søren; Skov, Karin; Leth, Steffen title: Uneventful case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient date: 2020-07-20 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237427 sha: doc_id: 276984 cord_uid: npgalqoz file: cache/cord-276769-th7iou21.json key: cord-276769-th7iou21 authors: Khan, Suliman; Siddique, Rabeea; Bai, Qian; Shabana; Liu, Yang; Xue, Mengzhou; Nabi, Ghulam; Liu, Jianbo title: Coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19): causative agent, mental health concerns, and potential management options date: 2020-07-25 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.010 sha: doc_id: 276769 cord_uid: th7iou21 file: cache/cord-277019-salizr5n.json key: cord-277019-salizr5n authors: Horowitz, James M.; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Henderson, Ian J.; Stachel, Maxine Wallis; Kwok, Benjamin; Saric, Muhamed title: Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-05-16 journal: CASE (Phila) DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 277019 cord_uid: salizr5n file: cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.json key: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo authors: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: Int J Inf Technol DOI: 10.1007/s41870-020-00466-0 sha: doc_id: 277107 cord_uid: gs7j6fxo file: cache/cord-277117-11m27kmi.json key: cord-277117-11m27kmi authors: Khialani, Bharat; MacCarthy, Philip title: Transcatheter management of severe aortic stenosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317221 sha: doc_id: 277117 cord_uid: 11m27kmi file: cache/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.json key: cord-276784-8lmg97zc authors: Boziki, Marina Kleopatra; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A.; Shumilina, Maria; Makshakov, Gleb; Evdoshenko, Evgeniy; Grigoriadis, Nikolaos title: COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination date: 2020-06-04 journal: Brain Sci DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060345 sha: doc_id: 276784 cord_uid: 8lmg97zc file: cache/cord-277098-nxetsw13.json key: cord-277098-nxetsw13 authors: Naqos, N.; Khouchani, M. title: The study of physical and mental distress among cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-30 journal: Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1838 sha: doc_id: 277098 cord_uid: nxetsw13 file: cache/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.json key: cord-277201-jzjxsetx authors: Mazo, Jahinover; 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Lu, Mengxin; Luo, Yongwen; Ju, Lingao; Zhang, Jingyi; Wang, Xinghuan title: Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial date: 2020-03-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 sha: doc_id: 277203 cord_uid: 14he8n3u file: cache/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.json key: cord-277189-fe8ego7f authors: Szabados, Bernadett; Abu-Ghanem, Yasmin; Grant, Michael; Choy, Julia; Bex, Axel; Powles, Thomas title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome for Four SARS-CoV-2-infected Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors date: 2020-05-26 journal: Eur Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 277189 cord_uid: fe8ego7f file: cache/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.json key: cord-277146-4a4vz36h authors: Aggarwal, Mukul; Dass, Jasmita; Mahapatra, Manoranjan title: Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19: An Update date: 2020-08-11 journal: Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus DOI: 10.1007/s12288-020-01328-2 sha: doc_id: 277146 cord_uid: 4a4vz36h file: cache/cord-277315-e26oc883.json key: cord-277315-e26oc883 authors: Dhiman, Sapna; 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Shankar; Goyal, Ramesh K.; Jain, Shilpa title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs date: 2020-10-06 journal: Res Dev Disabil DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790 sha: doc_id: 277315 cord_uid: e26oc883 file: cache/cord-277237-tjsw205c.json key: cord-277237-tjsw205c authors: Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo; Velasco-Hernandez, Jorge X. title: In-host Modelling of COVID-19 Kinetics in Humans date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044487 sha: doc_id: 277237 cord_uid: tjsw205c file: cache/cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.json key: cord-277328-9s8fwg1h authors: Zhuang, Yuandi; Lin, Liaoyi; Xu, Xunhua; Xia, Tianyi; Yu, Huili; Fu, Gangze; Yang, Yunjun; Wang, Meihao; Sun, Houzhang title: Dynamic changes on chest CT of COVID-19 patients with solitary pulmonary lesion in initial CT date: 2020-09-04 journal: Jpn J Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-01037-w sha: doc_id: 277328 cord_uid: 9s8fwg1h file: cache/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.json key: cord-277313-5f5lrn3c authors: Hayakawa, Satoshi; Komine‐Aizawa, Shihoko; Mor, Gil G. title: Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Obstet Gynaecol Res DOI: 10.1111/jog.14384 sha: doc_id: 277313 cord_uid: 5f5lrn3c file: cache/cord-277347-5innqoip.json key: cord-277347-5innqoip authors: Huang, Y.; Lyu, X.; Li, D.; Wang, Y.; Wang, L.; Zou, W.; Wei, Y.; Wu, X. title: A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070656 sha: doc_id: 277347 cord_uid: 5innqoip file: cache/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.json key: cord-276938-hv2ttwr8 authors: Artru, Florent; Alberio, Lorenzo; Moradpour, Darius; Stalder, Grégoire title: Acute immune thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19 and decompensated cirrhosis date: 2020-07-07 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236815 sha: doc_id: 276938 cord_uid: hv2ttwr8 file: cache/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.json key: cord-277014-iz8jo44e authors: Hu, Weihua; lv, Xinke; Li, Chang; Xu, Yang; Qi, Yiding; Zhang, Zhuheng; Li, Mingxuan; Cai, Feina; Liu, Dan; Yue, Jiang; Ye, Maoqing; Chen, Qijian; Shi, Kailei title: Disorders of sodium balance and its clinical implications in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective study date: 2020-10-16 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02515-9 sha: doc_id: 277014 cord_uid: iz8jo44e file: cache/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.json key: cord-277356-tay0kfyj authors: Patel, Rusha J.; Kejner, Alexandra; McMullen, Caitlin title: Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26189 sha: doc_id: 277356 cord_uid: tay0kfyj file: cache/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.json key: cord-277188-t33nw4zb authors: Fang, Jie; Li, Hui; Du, Wei; Yu, Ping; Guan, Ying-Yun; Ma, Shi-Yu; Liu, Dong; Chen, Wei; Shi, Guo-Chao; Bian, Xiao-Lan title: Efficacy of Early Combination Therapy With Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.560209 sha: doc_id: 277188 cord_uid: t33nw4zb file: cache/cord-277178-nbotxv35.json key: cord-277178-nbotxv35 authors: Vindrola-Padros, C.; Singh, K.; Sidhu, M. S.; Georghiou, T.; Sherlaw-Johnson, C.; Tomini, S. M.; Inada-Kim, M.; Kirkham, K.; Streetly, A.; Fulop, N. J. title: Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) during the COVID-19 pandemic: a living systematic review date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.07.20208587 sha: doc_id: 277178 cord_uid: nbotxv35 file: cache/cord-277416-agnpksxn.json key: cord-277416-agnpksxn authors: Lu, Xuefang; Gong, Wei; Peng, Zhoufeng; Zeng, Feifei; Liu, Fang title: High Resolution CT Imaging Dynamic Follow-Up Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-05-04 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00168 sha: doc_id: 277416 cord_uid: agnpksxn file: cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.json key: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 authors: Zhang, Hongyan; Wang, Linwei; Chen, Yuanyuan; Wu, Qiuji; Chen, Gaili; Shen, Xiaokun; Wang, Qun; Yan, Youqin; Yu, Yi; Zhong, Yahua; Wang, Xinghuan; Chua, Melvin L. K.; Xie, Conghua title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 journal: Cancer DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33042 sha: doc_id: 277430 cord_uid: x02u7oh0 file: cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.json key: cord-277248-7qnymo98 authors: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso; Boldrini, Neide Aparecida Tosato; Caldas, João Victor Jacomele; da Paz, Ana Paula Calazans; Ferrugini, Carolina Loyola Prest; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 journal: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 sha: doc_id: 277248 cord_uid: 7qnymo98 file: cache/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.json key: cord-277228-zk4arqw5 authors: Suleiman, Aiman; Bsisu, Isam; Guzu, Hasan; Santarisi, Abeer; Alsatari, Murad; Abbad, Ala’; Jaber, Ahmad; Harb, Taima’a; Abuhejleh, Ahmad; Nadi, Nisreen; Aloweidi, Abdelkarim; Almustafa, Mahmoud title: Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-02 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093181 sha: doc_id: 277228 cord_uid: zk4arqw5 file: cache/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.json key: cord-277252-yw5wcq1e authors: Belen-Apak, F. Burcu; Sarıalioğlu, F. title: Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy date: 2020-05-05 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02129-0 sha: doc_id: 277252 cord_uid: yw5wcq1e file: cache/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.json key: cord-277357-lpurk7pe authors: González-González, Everardo; Trujillo-de Santiago, Grissel; Lara-Mayorga, Itzel Montserrat; Martínez-Chapa, Sergio Omar; Alvarez, Mario Moisés title: Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237418 sha: doc_id: 277357 cord_uid: lpurk7pe file: cache/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.json key: cord-277529-z2r14w2k authors: Stella, Alessandro; Lamkanfi, Mohamed; Portincasa, Piero title: Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes? date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574593 sha: doc_id: 277529 cord_uid: z2r14w2k file: cache/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.json key: cord-277405-5l7wsreg authors: Andany, Nisha; Daneman, Nick title: Home or Cabin: Community Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 277405 cord_uid: 5l7wsreg file: cache/cord-277260-7se220oz.json key: cord-277260-7se220oz authors: Gosain, Rohit; Abdou, Yara; Singh, Abhay; Rana, Navpreet; Puzanov, Igor; Ernstoff, Marc S. title: COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 journal: Curr Oncol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00934-7 sha: doc_id: 277260 cord_uid: 7se220oz file: cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.json key: cord-277528-t0tglg0a authors: Tay, Yi Xiang; Sng, Li Hoon; Chow, Hwei Chuin; Zainuldin, Muhammad Rahizan title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 277528 cord_uid: t0tglg0a file: cache/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.json key: cord-277539-xt2nt11e authors: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh; Bhasin, Ritasha; Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur; Dadlani, Himanshu; Thakkar, Balvinder; Singh, Gurkeerat title: Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations date: 2020 journal: Int J Clin Pediatr Dent DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1782 sha: doc_id: 277539 cord_uid: xt2nt11e file: cache/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.json key: cord-277489-lsrqko6p authors: Lai, Chih-Cheng; Wang, Cheng-Yi; Wang, Ya-Hui; Hsueh, Shun-Chung; Ko, Wen-Chien; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status date: 2020-03-19 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946 sha: doc_id: 277489 cord_uid: lsrqko6p file: cache/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.json key: cord-277548-hgmmtew3 authors: Lou, Emil; Teoh, Deanna; Brown, Katherine; Blaes, Anne; Holtan, Shernan G.; Jewett, Patricia; Parsons, Helen; Mburu, E. Waruiru; Thomaier, Lauren; Hui, Jane Yuet Ching; Nelson, Heather H.; Vogel, Rachel I. title: Perspectives of cancer patients and their health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241741 sha: doc_id: 277548 cord_uid: hgmmtew3 file: cache/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.json key: cord-277567-nf6t4ni6 authors: Bakkar, Sohail; Al-Omar, Khaled; Aljarrah, Qusai; Al-Dabbas, Moh’d; Al-Dabbas, Nesrin; Samara, Samara; Miccoli, Paolo title: Impact of COVID-19 on thyroid cancer surgery and adjunct therapy date: 2020-06-14 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00833-3 sha: doc_id: 277567 cord_uid: nf6t4ni6 file: cache/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.json key: cord-277564-x5qfxag3 authors: Kim, Si-Hyun; Jeong, Yeon Jeong; Kim, Youn Jeong; An, Ye Rin; Kwak, Eunji; Seo, Yeseul; Ahn, Joong Hyun title: Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea date: 2020-10-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.10.007 sha: doc_id: 277564 cord_uid: x5qfxag3 file: cache/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.json key: cord-277123-ekaqbruo authors: Novosad, P.; Jain, R.; Campion, A.; Asher, S. title: The COVID-19 mortality effects of underlying health conditions in India: a modelling study date: 2020-07-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.05.20140343 sha: doc_id: 277123 cord_uid: ekaqbruo file: cache/cord-277343-0el69uxr.json key: cord-277343-0el69uxr authors: Berkhout, Suze G.; Richardson, Lisa title: Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)? date: 2020-10-13 journal: Hist Philos Life Sci DOI: 10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7 sha: doc_id: 277343 cord_uid: 0el69uxr file: cache/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.json key: cord-277568-eqgxk63s authors: Sory, Barry Ibrahima; Yaya, Baldé El Hadj; Mariam, Béavogui; Abdoulaye, Camara; Aly, Samoura; Kokoulo, Koïvogui; Diarra, Koïvogui; Morlaye, Soumaoro; Aminata, Sow; Moussa, Kourouma; Bassirou, Bah Mamadou; Aliou, Baldé Mamadou; Sory, Sylla Ibrahima; Alpha, Koné; Souleymane, Diakité; Djibril, Sylla; Dadhi, Baldé Mamadou; Mamadi, Condé title: Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national date: 2020-10-01 journal: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.041 sha: doc_id: 277568 cord_uid: eqgxk63s file: cache/cord-277669-uujny2dm.json key: cord-277669-uujny2dm authors: Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo; Lorenzo-Almorós, Ana; Pello-Lázaro, Ana María; Sánchez-Ferrer, Carlos; Egido, Jesús; Tuñón, José; Peiró, Concepción; Lorenzo, Óscar title: Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System date: 2020-09-04 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186471 sha: doc_id: 277669 cord_uid: uujny2dm file: cache/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.json key: cord-277697-bdzx4hzk authors: Pessaux, P. title: Réponse à « Stratégie pour la pratique de la chirurgie digestive oncologique en situation d’épidémie de COVID-19 » date: 2020-04-09 journal: Journal de chirurgie viscerale DOI: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 277697 cord_uid: bdzx4hzk file: cache/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.json key: cord-277603-hpn1ovgo authors: Strapazzon, Giacomo; Hilty, Matthias P.; Bouzat, Pierre; Pratali, Lorenza; Brugger, Hermann; Rauch, Simon title: To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high-altitude disease date: 2020-06-25 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01362-2020 sha: doc_id: 277603 cord_uid: hpn1ovgo file: cache/cord-277646-l956pxe5.json key: cord-277646-l956pxe5 authors: Münch, Urs; Müller, Heidi; Deffner, Teresa; von Schmude, Andrea; Kern, Martina; Kiepke-Ziemes, Susanne; Radbruch, Lukas title: Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) date: 2020-06-02 journal: Schmerz DOI: 10.1007/s00482-020-00483-9 sha: doc_id: 277646 cord_uid: l956pxe5 file: cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.json key: cord-277350-zwu254n6 authors: Bianco, F.; Incollingo, P.; Grossi, U.; Gallo, G. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00818-2 sha: doc_id: 277350 cord_uid: zwu254n6 file: cache/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.json key: cord-277643-xh8z9v0m authors: Khatiwada, Asmita Priyadarshini; Shakya, Sujyoti; Shrestha, Sunil title: Paradigm shift of drug information centers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00757-3 sha: doc_id: 277643 cord_uid: xh8z9v0m file: cache/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.json key: cord-277648-9kxwkcbl authors: Overholt, Kalon J.; Krog, Jonathan R.; Bryson, Bryan D. title: Dissecting the common and compartment-specific features of COVID-19 severity in the lung and periphery with single-cell resolution date: 2020-06-19 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.147470 sha: doc_id: 277648 cord_uid: 9kxwkcbl file: cache/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.json key: cord-277712-sx5k0m4q authors: Hu, Ling-Qun; Wang, Jin; Huang, Anna; Wang, Danzhao; Wang, Jingping title: COVID-19 and improved prevention of hospital-acquired infection date: 2020-05-31 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.037 sha: doc_id: 277712 cord_uid: sx5k0m4q file: cache/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.json key: cord-277576-3dvt6uj7 authors: Demir, Erol; Uyar, Murathan; Parmaksiz, Ergun; Sinangil, Ayse; Yelken, Berna; Dirim, Ahmet Burak; Merhametsiz, Ozgur; Yadigar, Serap; Atan Ucar, Zuhal; Ucar, Ali Riza; Demir, Mehmet Emin; Mese, Meral; Akin, Emin Baris; Garayeva, Nurana; Safak, Seda; Oto, Ozgur Akin; Yazici, Halil; Turkmen, Aydin title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter experience in Istanbul date: 2020-07-13 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13371 sha: doc_id: 277576 cord_uid: 3dvt6uj7 file: cache/cord-277210-xaj2623u.json key: cord-277210-xaj2623u authors: Weinkove, Robert; McQuilten, Zoe K; Adler, Jonathan; Agar, Meera R; Blyth, Emily; Cheng, Allen C; Conyers, Rachel; Haeusler, Gabrielle M; Hardie, Claire; Jackson, Christopher; Lane, Steven W; Middlemiss, Tom; Mollee, Peter; Mulligan, Stephen P; Ritchie, David; Ruka, Myra; Solomon, Benjamin; Szer, Jeffrey; Thursky, Karin A; Wood, Erica M; Worth, Leon J; Yong, Michelle K; Slavin, Monica A; Teh, Benjamin W title: Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance date: 2020-05-13 journal: Med J Aust DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50607 sha: doc_id: 277210 cord_uid: xaj2623u file: cache/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.json key: cord-277698-g8sylrsj authors: Chen, Dexiong; Li, Yueping; Deng, Xilong; Huang, Huanliang; Ou, Xueting; Lin, Yuebao; Pan, Xingfei; Lei, Chunliang title: Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID‐19 after 14‐day of quarantine period date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25849 sha: doc_id: 277698 cord_uid: g8sylrsj file: cache/cord-277693-6lrawta5.json key: cord-277693-6lrawta5 authors: Wang, Yuanzhuo; Fang, Rouyu; Zhang, Hanlin; Tang, Keyun; Sun, Qiuning title: Contributions of dermatologists to COVID‐19 research: a brief systematic review date: 2020-05-30 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13713 sha: doc_id: 277693 cord_uid: 6lrawta5 file: cache/cord-277765-koa8ao10.json key: cord-277765-koa8ao10 authors: Stoddard, M.; Johnson, K.; White, D.; Nolan, R.; Hochberg, N.; Chakravarty, A. title: COVID-19 isolation and containment strategies for ships: Lessons from the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak date: 2020-11-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226712 sha: doc_id: 277765 cord_uid: koa8ao10 file: cache/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.json key: cord-277739-eb4z3u66 authors: Hu, Ke; Guan, Wei-jie; Bi, Ying; Zhang, Wei; Li, Lanjuan; Zhang, Boli; Liu, Qingquan; Song, Yuanlin; Li, Xingwang; Duan, Zhongping; Zheng, Qingshan; Yang, Zifeng; Liang, Jingyi; Han, Mingfeng; Ruan, Lianguo; Wu, Chaomin; Zhang, Yunting; Jia, Zhen-hua; Zhong, Nan-shan title: Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-05-16 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153242 sha: doc_id: 277739 cord_uid: eb4z3u66 file: cache/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.json key: cord-277679-sc9hugxr authors: Khateb, Mohamed; Bosak, Noam; Muqary, Maryam title: Coronaviruses and Central Nervous System Manifestations date: 2020-06-23 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00715 sha: doc_id: 277679 cord_uid: sc9hugxr file: cache/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.json key: cord-277774-kec1o4ys authors: Wang, Shangqian; Zhou, Xiang; Zhang, Tongtong; Wang, Zengjun title: The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: Nat Rev Urol DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0319-7 sha: doc_id: 277774 cord_uid: kec1o4ys file: cache/cord-277770-sbieo46s.json key: cord-277770-sbieo46s authors: Oni, Tolu; 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I.; Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A.; Assah, Felix; Tatah, Lambed; Foley, Louise; Mapa-Tassou, Clarisse; Bhagtani, Divya; Weimann, Amy; Mba, Camille; Unwin, Nigel; Brugulat-Panés, Anna; Hofman, Karen J.; Smith, Joanne; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall; Erzse, Agnes; Shung-King, Maylene; Lambert, Estelle V.; Wareham, Nicholas J. title: Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries date: 2020-09-01 journal: Global health action DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1810415 sha: doc_id: 277770 cord_uid: sbieo46s file: cache/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.json key: cord-277812-4cz2hziz authors: Sieni, Elena; Pegoraro, Francesco; Casini, Tommaso; Tondo, Annalisa; Bortone, Barbara; Moriondo, Maria; Azzari, Chiara; Galli, Luisa; Favre, Claudio title: Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment‐induced immunosuppression date: 2020-05-19 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16781 sha: doc_id: 277812 cord_uid: 4cz2hziz file: cache/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.json key: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3 authors: Alonso, J.; Vilagut, G.; Mortier, P.; Ferrer, M.; Alayo, I.; Aragon-Pena, A.; Aragones, E.; Campos, M.; del Cura-Gonzalez, I.; Emparanza, J. I.; Espuga, M.; Forjaz, J.; Gonzalez Pinto, A.; Haro, J. M.; Lopez Fresnena, N.; Martinez de Salazar, A.; Molina, J. D.; Orti Lucas, R. M.; Parellada, M.; Pelayo-Teran, J. M.; Perez Zapata, A.; Pijoan, J. I.; Plana, N.; Puig, T.; Rius, C.; Rodriguez-Blazquez, C.; Sanz, F.; Serra, C.; Kessler, R. C.; Bruffaerts, R.; Vieta, E.; Perez-Sola, V.; group, MINDCOVID Working title: Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220731 sha: doc_id: 277717 cord_uid: q6jbu0r3 file: cache/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.json key: cord-277788-6ls21tkr authors: Nelson, Brian C; Laracy, Justin; Shoucri, Sherif; Dietz, Donald; Zucker, Jason; Patel, Nina; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E; Kubin, Christine J; Gomez-Simmonds, Angela title: Clinical Outcomes Associated with Methylprednisolone in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-09 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1163 sha: doc_id: 277788 cord_uid: 6ls21tkr file: cache/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.json key: cord-277700-nxm1jr0x authors: Chassagnon, Guillaume; Vakalopoulou, Maria; Battistella, Enzo; Christodoulidis, Stergios; Hoang-Thi, Trieu-Nghi; Dangeard, Severine; Deutsch, Eric; Andre, Fabrice; Guillo, Enora; Halm, Nara; El Hajj, Stefany; Bompard, Florian; Neveu, Sophie; Hani, Chahinez; Saab, Ines; Campredon, Alienor; Koulakian, Hasmik; Bennani, Souhail; Freche, Gael; Lombard, Aurelien; Fournier, Laure; Monnier, Hippolyte; Grand, Teodor; Gregory, Jules; Khalil, Antoine; Mahdjoub, Elyas; Brillet, Pierre-Yves; Tran Ba, Stephane; Bousson, Valerie; Revel, Marie-Pierre; Paragios, Nikos title: AI-Driven CT-based quantification, staging and short-term outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069187 sha: doc_id: 277700 cord_uid: nxm1jr0x file: cache/cord-277801-auq3msc6.json key: cord-277801-auq3msc6 authors: Deora, Harsh; Mishra, Shashwat; Tripathi, Manjul; Garg, Kanwaljeet; Tandon, Vivek; Borkar, Sachin; Varshney, Nagesh; Raut, Rupesh; Chaurasia, Bipin; Chandra, P Sarat; Kale, S. S. title: Adapting Neurosurgery Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Indian Subcontinent date: 2020-07-15 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.038 sha: doc_id: 277801 cord_uid: auq3msc6 file: cache/cord-277755-wglxa801.json key: cord-277755-wglxa801 authors: Dohlman, Jenny C. title: COVID-19 and Ophthalmologic Education: A Call to Innovate date: 2020-09-19 journal: Am J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.045 sha: doc_id: 277755 cord_uid: wglxa801 file: cache/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.json key: cord-277833-x81ni7m5 authors: Stienen, Martin N. title: COVID-19 in Europe: Le roi est mort, vive le roi! date: 2020-05-18 journal: Neurospine DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040202.105 sha: doc_id: 277833 cord_uid: x81ni7m5 file: cache/cord-277916-b4yqek29.json key: cord-277916-b4yqek29 authors: Sridhar, Arun R.; Chatterjee, Neal A.; Saour, Basil; Nguyen, Dan; Starnes, Elizabeth; Johnston, Christine; Green, Margaret L.; Roth, Gregory A.; Poole, Jeanne E. title: QT Interval and Arrhythmic Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 journal: Heart Rhythm O2 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 277916 cord_uid: b4yqek29 file: cache/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.json key: cord-277936-0ytk77fm authors: Rauscher, E. title: Lower State COVID-19 Deaths and Cases with Earlier School Closure in the U.S. date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096594 sha: doc_id: 277936 cord_uid: 0ytk77fm file: cache/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.json key: cord-277816-ncdy9qgb authors: Wang, Ji-gan; Cui, Hai-rong; Tang, Hua-bo; Deng, Xiu-li title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-20 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74913-0 sha: doc_id: 277816 cord_uid: ncdy9qgb file: cache/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.json key: cord-278112-uqxvr77g authors: Chen, Binzhen; Xia, Rong title: Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID‐19 in China: Knowns and unknowns date: 2020-06-09 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/vox.12968 sha: doc_id: 278112 cord_uid: uqxvr77g file: cache/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.json key: cord-277862-yl7m77fo authors: Li, M.; Zhang, Z.; Cao, W.; Liu, Y.; Du, B.; Chen, C.; Liu, Q.; Uddin, M. N.; Jiang, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, X. title: Identifying novel factors associated with COVID-19 transmission and fatality using the machine learning approach date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20127472 sha: doc_id: 277862 cord_uid: yl7m77fo file: cache/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.json key: cord-277926-rt4ye7xt authors: Haseeb, Sohaib; Gul, Enes Elvin; Çinier, Göksel; Bazoukis, George; Alvarez-Garcia, Jesus; Garcia-Zamora, Sebastian; Lee, Sharen; Yeung, Cynthia; Liu, Tong; Tse, Gary; Baranchuk, Adrian title: Value of electrocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Electrocardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 277926 cord_uid: rt4ye7xt file: cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.json key: cord-278022-sc02fyqs authors: Ogundiran, Akin title: On COVID-19 and Matters Arising date: 2020-06-05 journal: Afr Archaeol Rev DOI: 10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x sha: doc_id: 278022 cord_uid: sc02fyqs file: cache/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.json key: cord-278192-wbpk99yh authors: Courtney, Alona; O'Connell, Rachel; Rattay, Tim; Kim, Baek; Cutress, Ramsey I.; Kirwan, Cliona C.; Gandhi, Ashu; Fairbrother, Patricia; Sharma, Nisha; Cartlidge, Christopher W.J.; Horgan, Kieran; McIntosh, Stuart A.; Leff, Daniel R.; Vidya, Raghavan; Potter, Shelley; Holcombe, Chris; Copson, Ellen; Coles, Charlotte E.; Dave, Rajiv V. title: The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer Management Pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol date: 2020-07-29 journal: Int J Surg Protoc DOI: 10.1016/j.isjp.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 278192 cord_uid: wbpk99yh file: cache/cord-278130-x83kl052.json key: cord-278130-x83kl052 authors: Wander, Pandora L.; Orlov, Marika; Merel, Susan E.; Enquobahrie, Daniel A. title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns date: 2020-04-27 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.178 sha: doc_id: 278130 cord_uid: x83kl052 file: cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.json key: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q authors: Martinez-Sanz, J.; Muriel, A.; Ron, R.; Herrera, S.; Perez-Molina, J. A.; Moreno, S.; Serrano-Villar, S. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 sha: doc_id: 277879 cord_uid: 7ftu9b9q file: cache/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.json key: cord-277931-3hxhsmw8 authors: Khitan, Zeid J.; Khawaja, Imran; Mufson, Maurice A.; Sanabria, Juan R.; Abraham, Nader G.; Peterson, Stephen J.; Sundaram, Uma; Shapiro, Joseph I. title: SCan Charcoal Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Infections? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110176 sha: doc_id: 277931 cord_uid: 3hxhsmw8 file: cache/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.json key: cord-277874-cr53ycrm authors: Neault, N.; Baig, A. T.; Graber, T. E.; D'Aoust, P. M.; Mercier, E.; Alexandrov, I.; Crosby, D.; Mayne, J.; Pounds, T.; MacKenzie, M.; Figeys, D.; MacKenzie, A. E.; Delatolla, R. title: SARS-CoV-2 Protein in Wastewater Mirrors COVID-19 Prevalence. date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20185280 sha: doc_id: 277874 cord_uid: cr53ycrm file: cache/cord-277889-8u685f45.json key: cord-277889-8u685f45 authors: Costela-Ruiz, Víctor J.; Illescas-Montes, Rebeca; Puerta-Puerta, Jose M.; Ruiz, Concepción; Melguizo-Rodríguez, Lucia title: SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-02 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 277889 cord_uid: 8u685f45 file: cache/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.json key: cord-277880-g0c6jchg authors: Zhong, Jim; Datta, Anubhav; Gordon, Thomas; Adams, Sophie; Guo, Tianyu; Abdelaziz, Mazin; Barbour, Fraser; Palkhi, Ebrahim; Adusumilli, Pratik; Oomerjee, Mohammed; Lake, Edward; Walker, Paul title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK date: 2020-11-03 journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02692-2 sha: doc_id: 277880 cord_uid: g0c6jchg file: cache/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.json key: cord-278068-3kg71nf4 authors: Chivese, T.; Musa, O. A. H.; Hindy, G.; Wattary, N.; Badran, S.; Soliman, N.; Aboughalia, A. T.; Matizanadzo, J. T.; Emara, M. M.; Thalib, L.; Doi, S. title: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID19 infection date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20164012 sha: doc_id: 278068 cord_uid: 3kg71nf4 file: cache/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.json key: cord-278155-4ekdwyrw authors: Möckel, Martin; Bachmann, Ulrike; Behringer, Wilhelm; Pfäfflin, Frieder; Stegemann, Miriam Songa title: How emergency departments prepare for virus disease outbreaks like COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Eur J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000703 sha: doc_id: 278155 cord_uid: 4ekdwyrw file: cache/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.json key: cord-278271-rpq62xhl authors: Lyu, Jinglu; Miao, Tianyu; Dong, Jiajia; Cao, Ranran; Li, Yan; Chen, Qianming title: Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection? date: 2020-05-15 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109842 sha: doc_id: 278271 cord_uid: rpq62xhl file: cache/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.json key: cord-278165-ym0ynmxy authors: Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder title: Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.011 sha: doc_id: 278165 cord_uid: ym0ynmxy file: cache/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.json key: cord-277941-8twjdyjc authors: Scarci, Marco; Raveglia, Federico title: Commentary: The double responsibility of the thoracic surgeon at the time of the pandemic: a perspective from the North of Italy date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 277941 cord_uid: 8twjdyjc file: cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.json key: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz authors: Ahmed, Sibtain; Jafri, Lena; Majid, Hafsa; Khan, Aysha Habib; Ghani, Farooq; Siddiqui, Imran title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 278145 cord_uid: 3tfcxbfz file: cache/cord-277992-49mantab.json key: cord-277992-49mantab authors: Harikrishnan, S.; Mohanan, P.P.; Chopra, V.K.; Ambuj, Roy; Sanjay, G.; Manish, Bansal; Chakraborty, R.N.; Chandra, Sharad; Chattarjee, S.S.; Chopra, H.K.; Mathew, Cibu; Deb, P.K.; Goyal, A.; Goswami, K.C.; Gupta, R.; Guha, S.; Gupta, V.; Hasija, P.K.; Wardhan, Harsh; Jabir, A.; Jayagopal, P.B.; Kahali, D.; Katyal, V.K.; Kerkar, P.G.; Khanna, N.N.; Majumder, B.; Mandal, M.; Meena, C.B.; Naik, N.; Narain, V.K.; Pathak, L.A.; Ray, S.; Roy, D.; Sarma, D.; Shanmugasundaram, S.; Singh, B.P.; Tyagi, S.K.; Venugopal, K.; Wander, G.S.; Yadav, R.; Das, M.K. title: Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure date: 2020-05-13 journal: Indian Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 277992 cord_uid: 49mantab file: cache/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.json key: cord-278389-cgktbqf9 authors: Shaw, William S.; Main, Chris J.; Findley, Patricia A.; Collie, Alex; Kristman, Vicki L.; Gross, Douglas P. title: Opening the Workplace After COVID-19: What Lessons Can be Learned from Return-to-Work Research? date: 2020-06-19 journal: J Occup Rehabil DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09908-9 sha: doc_id: 278389 cord_uid: cgktbqf9 file: cache/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.json key: cord-278142-xnkqg4ef authors: Lin, Fang; Reid, Paul F.; Qin, Zheng-hong title: Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: Acta Pharmacol Sin DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00501-7 sha: doc_id: 278142 cord_uid: xnkqg4ef file: cache/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.json key: cord-278306-wdj5v3rh authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Nasim, Nasir; Noor, Alfateh; Akhtar, Saima; Balshi, Ahmed; Balhamar, Abdullah; Alqahtani, Saleh A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report date: 2020-10-15 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101252 sha: doc_id: 278306 cord_uid: wdj5v3rh file: cache/cord-278339-6ddsj014.json key: cord-278339-6ddsj014 authors: Gianfrancesco, Milena; Hyrich, Kimme L; Al-Adely, Sarah; Carmona, Loreto; Danila, Maria I; Gossec, Laure; Izadi, Zara; Jacobsohn, Lindsay; Katz, Patricia; Lawson-Tovey, Saskia; Mateus, Elsa F; Rush, Stephanie; Schmajuk, Gabriela; Simard, Julia; Strangfeld, Anja; Trupin, Laura; Wysham, Katherine D; Bhana, Suleman; Costello, Wendy; Grainger, Rebecca; Hausmann, Jonathan S; Liew, Jean W; Sirotich, Emily; Sufka, Paul; Wallace, Zachary S; Yazdany, Jinoos; Machado, Pedro M; Robinson, Philip C title: Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry date: 2020-05-29 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871 sha: doc_id: 278339 cord_uid: 6ddsj014 file: cache/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.json key: cord-277855-pfmslxy6 authors: Nunes Duarte‐Neto, Amaro; de Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida; da Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz; Malheiros, Denise Maria Avancini Costa; de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre; Theodoro Filho, Jair; Pinho, João Renato Rebello; Soares Gomes‐Gouvêa, Michele; Salles, Ana Paula Moreira; de Oliveira, Ilka Regina Souza; Mauad, Thais; do Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilário; Dolhnikoff, Marisa title: Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID‐19 assessed by ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy date: 2020-05-22 journal: Histopathology DOI: 10.1111/his.14160 sha: doc_id: 277855 cord_uid: pfmslxy6 file: cache/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.json key: cord-278246-mnj0zmkn authors: Hussain, Nowair; Chung, Emily; Heyl, Jonathan J; Hussain, Bisma; Oh, Michael C; Pinon, Candis; Boral, Soumya; Chun, David; Babu, Benson title: A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10005 sha: doc_id: 278246 cord_uid: mnj0zmkn file: cache/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.json key: cord-278256-dmrtsxik authors: Qiu, Haiyan; Wu, Junhua; Hong, Liang; Luo, Yunling; Song, Qifa; Chen, Dong title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study date: 2020-03-25 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30198-5 sha: doc_id: 278256 cord_uid: dmrtsxik file: cache/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.json key: cord-277841-7sp8ftbc authors: Kumari, Pratibha; Singh, Archana; Rinchui Ngasainao, Moses; Shakeel, Ilma; Kumar, Sanjay; Lal, Seema; Singhal, Anchal; Singh Sohal, Sukhwinder; Kumar Singh, Indrakant; Imtaiyaz Hassan, Md. title: Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.013 sha: doc_id: 277841 cord_uid: 7sp8ftbc file: cache/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.json key: cord-278406-n5e3a09i authors: Macauley, Precious; Martin, Alvaro; Epelbaum, Oleg title: CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE COVID-19 LUNG DISEASE: THE PULMONOLOGY PERSPECTIVE FROM THE FIRST UNITED STATES EPICENTER date: 2020-08-21 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.051 sha: doc_id: 278406 cord_uid: n5e3a09i file: cache/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.json key: cord-278536-b4eyegx5 authors: Piazza, Gregory; Campia, Umberto; Hurwitz, Shelley; Snyder, Julia E.; Rizzo, Samantha M.; Pfeferman, Mariana B.; Morrison, Ruth B.; Leiva, Orly; Fanikos, John; Nauffal, Victor; Almarzooq, Zaid; Goldhaber, Samuel Z. title: Registry of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.070 sha: doc_id: 278536 cord_uid: b4eyegx5 file: cache/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.json key: cord-278249-vvhq9vgp authors: Blot, Mathieu; Jacquier, Marine; Aho Glele, Ludwig-Serge; Beltramo, Guillaume; Nguyen, Maxime; Bonniaud, Philippe; Prin, Sebastien; Andreu, Pascal; Bouhemad, Belaid; Bour, Jean-Baptiste; Binquet, Christine; Piroth, Lionel; Pais de Barros, Jean-Paul; Masson, David; Quenot, Jean-Pierre; Charles, Pierre-Emmanuel title: CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS date: 2020-11-02 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03328-0 sha: doc_id: 278249 cord_uid: vvhq9vgp file: cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.json key: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 authors: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man; Law, Man Fai; Lui, Grace Chung Yan; Wong, Sunny Hei; Wong, Raymond Siu Ming title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510178 sha: doc_id: 278325 cord_uid: ykcd7d59 file: cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.json key: cord-278459-27lppl6x authors: Banjar, Weam M.; Alqeel, Meshal K. title: Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date: 2020-07-17 journal: J Taibah Univ Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 278459 cord_uid: 27lppl6x file: cache/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.json key: cord-278300-6cr9h7no authors: Lu, X.; Wang, Y.; Chen, T.; Li, Y.; Wang, J.; Yan, F. title: Classification of COVID-19 in intensive care patients: towards rational and effective clinical triage date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20058909 sha: doc_id: 278300 cord_uid: 6cr9h7no file: cache/cord-278313-gadui4r7.json key: cord-278313-gadui4r7 authors: Zakeri, R.; Bendayan, R.; Ashworth, M.; Bean, D. M.; Dodhia, H.; Durbaba, S.; O Gallagher, K.; Palmer, C.; Curcin, V.; Aitken, E.; Bernal, W.; Barker, R. D.; Norton, S.; Gulliford, M. C.; Teo, J. T.; Galloway, J.; Dobson, R. J.; Shah, A. M. title: A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20148965 sha: doc_id: 278313 cord_uid: gadui4r7 file: cache/cord-278558-znqscgxb.json key: cord-278558-znqscgxb authors: Carvalho, Tatiana Aline; Boschiero, Matheus Negri; Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima title: COVID-19 in Brazil: 150,000 deaths and the Brazilian underreporting date: 2020-10-21 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115258 sha: doc_id: 278558 cord_uid: znqscgxb file: cache/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.json key: cord-278341-pnrh3r2j authors: Monzani, Alice; Genoni, Giulia; Binotti, Marco; Tagliaferri, Francesco; Rabbone, Ivana; Ingrassia, Pier Luigi title: Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Paediatr Child Health DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15022 sha: doc_id: 278341 cord_uid: pnrh3r2j file: cache/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.json key: cord-278418-i8cbrs7y authors: Leitner, Stephan title: On the dynamics emerging from pandemics and infodemics date: 2020-08-31 journal: Mind Soc DOI: 10.1007/s11299-020-00256-y sha: doc_id: 278418 cord_uid: i8cbrs7y file: cache/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.json key: cord-278477-9a7gmzz3 authors: Huh, Kyungmin; Lee, Rugyeom; Ji, Wonjun; Kang, Minsun; Cheol Hwang, In; Ho Lee, Dae; Jung, Jaehun title: Impact of obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, blood pressure, and renal function on the severity of COVID-19: a matter of sexual dimorphism? date: 2020-10-21 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108515 sha: doc_id: 278477 cord_uid: 9a7gmzz3 file: cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.json key: cord-278638-2dm54f6l authors: Huang, Ian; Pranata, Raymond title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 sha: doc_id: 278638 cord_uid: 2dm54f6l file: cache/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.json key: cord-278440-vti6xp9v authors: Paraiso, Ines L; Revel, Johana S; Stevens, Jan F title: Potential use of polyphenols in the battle against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 journal: Curr Opin Food Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 278440 cord_uid: vti6xp9v file: cache/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.json key: cord-278620-mezsjdyb authors: Choy, Kay W. title: An urgent call to clinicians and researchers: 2020 acuity required when assessing and reporting laboratory abnormalities in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 journal: Intern Med J DOI: 10.1111/imj.14883 sha: doc_id: 278620 cord_uid: mezsjdyb file: cache/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.json key: cord-278629-8fva8fwr authors: Zhou, Jun; Liao, Xingnan; Cao, Jia; Ling, Gonghao; Xun; Long, QingYun title: Differential diagnosis between the coronavirus disease 2019 and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia by thin-slice CT features date: 2020-10-06 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.012 sha: doc_id: 278629 cord_uid: 8fva8fwr file: cache/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.json key: cord-278710-2fiyzl5u authors: Kalner, Samantha; Vergilis, Irene J. title: Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: JAAD Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 278710 cord_uid: 2fiyzl5u file: cache/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.json key: cord-278581-4vhpoi87 authors: Chaudhary, Varun; Rosenberg, Daniel; Barbosa, Joshua; Qian, Cynthia; Berger, Alan; Whelan, James; Kherani, Amin; Samad, Arif; Noble, Jason title: National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis date: 2020-07-09 journal: Can J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 278581 cord_uid: 4vhpoi87 file: cache/cord-278702-hacapz8l.json key: cord-278702-hacapz8l authors: Hirshberg, Adi; Kern-Goldberger, Adina R.; Levine, Lisa D.; Pierce-Williams, Rebecca; Short, William R.; Parry, Samuel; Berghella, Vincenzo; Triebwasser, Jourdan E.; Srinivas, Sindhu K. title: Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series date: 2020-05-01 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.029 sha: doc_id: 278702 cord_uid: hacapz8l file: cache/cord-278826-096v6taj.json key: cord-278826-096v6taj authors: Pitscheider, Lea; Karolyi, Mario; Burkert, Francesco R.; Helbok, Raimund; Wanschitz, Julia V.; Horlings, Corinne; Pawelka, Erich; Omid, Sara; Traugott, Marianna; Seitz, Tamara; Zoufaly, Alexander; Lindeck‐Pozza, Elisabeth; Wöll, Ewald; Beer, Ronny; Seiwald, Stefanie; Bellmann‐Weiler, Rosa; Hegen, Harald; Löscher, Wolfgang N. title: Muscle involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection date: 2020-09-30 journal: Eur J Neurol DOI: 10.1111/ene.14564 sha: doc_id: 278826 cord_uid: 096v6taj file: cache/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.json key: cord-278609-zxdd06ur authors: Sarac, Benjamin A.; Schoenbrunner, Anna R.; Wilson, Stelios C.; Chiu, Ernest S.; Janis, Jeffrey E. title: The Impact of COVID-19-based Suspension of Surgeries on Plastic Surgery Practices: A Survey of ACAPS Members date: 2020-08-03 journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003119 sha: doc_id: 278609 cord_uid: zxdd06ur file: cache/cord-278721-g5zqebju.json key: cord-278721-g5zqebju authors: Jakhmola, Shweta; Indari, Omkar; Baral, Budhadev; Kashyap, Dharmendra; Varshney, Nidhi; Das, Ayan; Chatterjee, Sayantani; Jha, Hem Chandra title: Comorbidity Assessment Is Essential During COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-08-04 journal: Front Physiol DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00984 sha: doc_id: 278721 cord_uid: g5zqebju file: cache/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.json key: cord-278933-bwhi4hcl authors: Shoji, Hamilton; Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes; Teles, Gustavo Borges da Silva; Passos, Rodrigo Bastos Duarte; Yanata, Elaine; Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida; Funari, Marcelo Buarque de Gusmão; Sasdelli, Roberto; Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu; Chate, Rodrigo Caruso; Szarf, Gilberto title: Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-03 journal: Einstein DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ed5720 sha: doc_id: 278933 cord_uid: bwhi4hcl file: cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.json key: cord-278672-pxzsntfg authors: Milenkovic, Aleksandar; Jankovic, Dragan; Rajkovic, Petar title: Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-16 journal: Int J Med Inform DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104224 sha: doc_id: 278672 cord_uid: pxzsntfg file: cache/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.json key: cord-278907-xuq3iay5 authors: Papoutsi, Eleni; Giannakoulis, Vassilis G.; Ntella, Vasiliki; Pappa, Sofia; Katsaounou, Paraskevi title: Global burden of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers date: 2020-07-06 journal: ERJ Open Res DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00195-2020 sha: doc_id: 278907 cord_uid: xuq3iay5 file: cache/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.json key: cord-278839-uu2wlpmp authors: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley; Pereira, Nátalli Zanete; Oliveira, Luanda Mara Da Silva; Gozzi-Silva, Sarah Cristina; Sato, Maria Notomi title: Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01672 sha: doc_id: 278839 cord_uid: uu2wlpmp file: cache/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.json key: cord-278850-q5eg1uhl authors: Yoshida, Shuntaro; Nishizawa, Toshihiro; Toyoshima, Osamu title: Real-world clinical data of endoscopy-based cancer detection during the emergency declaration for COVID-19 in Japan date: 2020-10-16 journal: World J Gastrointest Endosc DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.401 sha: doc_id: 278850 cord_uid: q5eg1uhl file: cache/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.json key: cord-278881-bj5ebk2s authors: Binagwaho, Agnes; Frisch, Miriam F.; Ntawukuriryayo, Jovial Thomas; Hirschhorn, Lisa R. title: Changing the COVID-19 Narrative in Africa: Using an Implementation Research Lens to Understand Successes and Plan for Challenges Ahead date: 2020-08-19 journal: Annals of global health DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3001 sha: doc_id: 278881 cord_uid: bj5ebk2s file: cache/cord-278932-wp4kimij.json key: cord-278932-wp4kimij authors: Been, Jasper V; Burgos Ochoa, Lizbeth; Bertens, Loes C M; Schoenmakers, Sam; Steegers, Eric A P; Reiss, Irwin K M title: Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the incidence of preterm birth: a national quasi-experimental study date: 2020-10-14 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30223-1 sha: doc_id: 278932 cord_uid: wp4kimij file: cache/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.json key: cord-278649-ge9ike2c authors: Makaronidis, Janine; Mok, Jessica; Balogun, Nyaladzi; Magee, Cormac G.; Omar, Rumana Z.; Carnemolla, Alisia; Batterham, Rachel L. title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study date: 2020-10-01 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003358 sha: doc_id: 278649 cord_uid: ge9ike2c file: cache/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.json key: cord-278676-p13ev4cg authors: Pontiroli, Antonio E.; La Sala, Lucia; Chiumello, Davide; Folli, Franco title: Is blood glucose or obesity responsible for the bad prognosis of COVID-19 in obesity -diabetes? date: 2020-07-27 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108342 sha: doc_id: 278676 cord_uid: p13ev4cg file: cache/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.json key: cord-278701-ub9j2f9i authors: Umer, Fahad; Motiwala, Momina title: Dental services during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tertiary care hospital experience date: 2020-08-20 journal: Spec Care Dentist DOI: 10.1111/scd.12510 sha: doc_id: 278701 cord_uid: ub9j2f9i file: cache/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.json key: cord-278775-xntvl7jp authors: Gangaputra, Sapna S.; Patel, Shriji N. title: Ocular symptoms among non-hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 testing date: 2020-06-22 journal: Ophthalmology DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.037 sha: doc_id: 278775 cord_uid: xntvl7jp file: cache/cord-278870-pct184oa.json key: cord-278870-pct184oa authors: Finell, Eerika; Vainio, Annukka title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-19 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207623 sha: doc_id: 278870 cord_uid: pct184oa file: cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.json key: cord-278993-w5aa0elj authors: Tonetti, Tommaso; 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Marco title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00750-z sha: doc_id: 278993 cord_uid: w5aa0elj file: cache/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.json key: cord-278971-tb2he1cb authors: Valeri, Anthony title: COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty date: 2020-07-25 journal: Kidney Int Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.020 sha: doc_id: 278971 cord_uid: tb2he1cb file: cache/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.json key: cord-278735-bu2w2ox6 authors: Zhang, Y. title: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20040279 sha: doc_id: 278735 cord_uid: bu2w2ox6 file: cache/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.json key: cord-279046-wk4ja15k authors: Pissurno, Neisa Santos Carvalho Alves; Lichs, Gislene Garcia de Castro; dos Santos, Evelyn Jaqueline Lima; Druzian, Angelita Fernandes; de Oliveira, Sandra Maria do Valle Leone; Paniago, Anamaria Mello Miranda title: Anosmia in the course of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-07-31 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021280 sha: doc_id: 279046 cord_uid: wk4ja15k file: cache/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.json key: cord-278900-3rfb1b71 authors: Fell, Michael J.; Pagel, Laura; Chen, Chien-fei; Goldberg, Matthew H.; Herberz, Mario; Huebner, Gesche M.; Sareen, Siddharth; Hahnel, Ulf J.J. title: Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date: 2020-06-13 journal: Energy Res Soc Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646 sha: doc_id: 278900 cord_uid: 3rfb1b71 file: cache/cord-279032-plj9kg42.json key: cord-279032-plj9kg42 authors: Jin, Kaifeng; Min, Jinjin; Jin, Xiuming title: Re: Can the summer temperature drop COVID-19 cases? date: 2020-08-15 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.041 sha: doc_id: 279032 cord_uid: plj9kg42 file: cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.json key: cord-278589-ios3cuxc authors: Golinelli, D.; Boetto, E.; Carullo, G.; Landini, M. 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P. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080341 sha: doc_id: 278589 cord_uid: ios3cuxc file: cache/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.json key: cord-279036-fwmb0rr7 authors: Monzani, Alice; Ragazzoni, Luca; Della Corte, Francesco; Rabbone, Ivana; Franc, Jeffrey M. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective From Italian Pediatric Emergency Physicians date: 2020-06-22 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.198 sha: doc_id: 279036 cord_uid: fwmb0rr7 file: cache/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.json key: cord-279106-3ffa9djf authors: Syatila Ab Ghani, Nur; Emrizal, Reeki; Makmur, Haslina; Firdaus-Raih, Mohd title: Side chain similarity comparisons for integrated drug repositioning and potential toxicity assessments in epidemic response scenarios: the case for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 journal: Comput Struct Biotechnol J DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.013 sha: doc_id: 279106 cord_uid: 3ffa9djf file: cache/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.json key: cord-279038-ocb1tlzp authors: Quispe Flores, María Alejandra; Concepción Zavaleta, Marcio José; Plasencia Dueñas, Esteban Alberto; Lam, Mikaela Kcomt title: The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus date: 2020-09-22 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.023 sha: doc_id: 279038 cord_uid: ocb1tlzp file: cache/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.json key: cord-279056-mmcoqtb5 authors: Seirafianpour, Farnoosh; Sodagar, Sogand; Mohammad, Arash Pour; Panahi, Parsa; Mozafarpoor, Samaneh; Almasi, Simin; Goodarzi, Azadeh title: Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-07-08 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13986 sha: doc_id: 279056 cord_uid: mmcoqtb5 file: cache/cord-279131-1unb0z79.json key: cord-279131-1unb0z79 authors: Buijsers, Baranca; Yanginlar, Cansu; Maciej-Hulme, Marissa L.; de Mast, Quirijn; van der Vlag, Johan title: Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102969 sha: doc_id: 279131 cord_uid: 1unb0z79 file: cache/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.json key: cord-278984-0zof6s4d authors: El-Tallawy, Salah N.; Nalamasu, Rohit; Pergolizzi, Joseph V.; Gharibo, Christopher title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: Pain Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00190-4 sha: doc_id: 278984 cord_uid: 0zof6s4d file: cache/cord-278996-9lady4pc.json key: cord-278996-9lady4pc authors: Callander, Denton; Meunier, Étienne; DeVeau, Ryan; Grov, Christian; Donovan, Basil; Minichiello, Victor; Kim, Jules; Duncan, Dustin title: Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on global male sex work populations: a longitudinal study of digital data date: 2020-06-26 journal: Sex Transm Infect DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054550 sha: doc_id: 278996 cord_uid: 9lady4pc file: cache/cord-279132-florvm7z.json key: cord-279132-florvm7z authors: K., Branimir; Hackenberger, title: From apparent to true – from frequency to distributions (II) date: 2020-08-17 journal: Croat Med J DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.381 sha: doc_id: 279132 cord_uid: florvm7z file: cache/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.json key: cord-279138-dmhphgp5 authors: Deek, Sarah A. title: Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution Implications on COVID-19 Severity date: 2020-09-28 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110303 sha: doc_id: 279138 cord_uid: dmhphgp5 file: cache/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.json key: cord-279110-u2k27jkn authors: Alter, Scott M.; Maki, Dennis G.; LeBlang, Suzanne; Shih, Richard D.; Hennekens, Charles H. title: The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public date: 2020-10-10 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100581 sha: doc_id: 279110 cord_uid: u2k27jkn file: cache/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.json key: cord-279134-s6c7m94h authors: Chen, Haiyang; Wu, Xuan; Wang, Wei; Wang, Qiming title: When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned date: 2020-05-16 journal: Jpn J Clin Oncol DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa077 sha: doc_id: 279134 cord_uid: s6c7m94h file: cache/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.json key: cord-279052-8hxdfdls authors: Boet, S.; Katznelson, R.; Castelluci, L. 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R.; Taljaard, M. title: Protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial of normobaric versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypoxemic COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154609 sha: doc_id: 279052 cord_uid: 8hxdfdls file: cache/cord-279197-cesemos0.json key: cord-279197-cesemos0 authors: Block, Keith I. title: Integrative Cancer Therapies: Learning From COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 journal: Integr Cancer Ther DOI: 10.1177/1534735420932652 sha: doc_id: 279197 cord_uid: cesemos0 file: cache/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.json key: cord-279115-eyk8sxk7 authors: Cecconi, Maurizio; Forni, Guido; Mantovani, Alberto title: Ten things we learned about COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06140-0 sha: doc_id: 279115 cord_uid: eyk8sxk7 file: cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.json key: cord-279180-xad53zht authors: Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar; Subramani, Ranjith Kumar; Jayaraj Sivakumar, Tharun Kumar; Madurai Elavarasan, Rajvikram; Manavalanagar Vetrichelvan, Ajayragavan; Annam, Annapurna; Subramaniam, Umashankar title: Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date: 2020-08-17 journal: 3 Biotech DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02382-3 sha: doc_id: 279180 cord_uid: xad53zht file: cache/cord-279118-59e4sifb.json key: cord-279118-59e4sifb authors: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan; Kurniawan, Andree title: Dyslipidemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-01 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.054 sha: doc_id: 279118 cord_uid: 59e4sifb file: cache/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.json key: cord-279334-j0i9ozsz authors: McCreary, Erin K; Pogue, Jason M title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options date: 2020-03-23 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa105 sha: doc_id: 279334 cord_uid: j0i9ozsz file: cache/cord-279227-l6keimm5.json key: cord-279227-l6keimm5 authors: Li, Yuxi; Li, Juan; Zhong, Dongling; Zhang, Yue; Zhang, Yonggang; Guo, Yan; Clarke, Mike; Jin, Rongjiang title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review date: 2020-08-03 journal: Syst Rev DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4 sha: doc_id: 279227 cord_uid: l6keimm5 file: cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.json key: cord-279356-s3iigb0j authors: Leones, Louis Mervyn B; Berba, Carlo Miguel P; Chua, Alfredo V; Sandoval-Tan, Jennifer title: Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1057 sha: doc_id: 279356 cord_uid: s3iigb0j file: cache/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.json key: cord-279158-dsnniuo6 authors: Luo, Y.; Li, Y.; Dai, J. title: Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20102509 sha: doc_id: 279158 cord_uid: dsnniuo6 file: cache/cord-279363-4almssg6.json key: cord-279363-4almssg6 authors: Crespo, Roland Mojica; Morales Crespo, Mairim Melissa title: Pandemia COVID-19, la nueva emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional: una revisión date: 2020-05-16 journal: Semergen DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 279363 cord_uid: 4almssg6 file: cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.json key: cord-279294-ruqednj6 authors: Lin, Dong D.; Meghal, Trishala; Murthy, Pooja; Mo, Lan; D’Silva, Ashley; Huang, Yiwu; Xu, Yiqing title: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date: 2020-08-14 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00309 sha: doc_id: 279294 cord_uid: ruqednj6 file: cache/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.json key: cord-279224-rwcvkhiy authors: Kirmani, Salman; Saleem, Ali title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric services at a referral centre in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting date: 2020-06-29 journal: Arch Dis Child DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319424 sha: doc_id: 279224 cord_uid: rwcvkhiy file: cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.json key: cord-279396-qmixem8i authors: Carter, Chris; Notter, Joy title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100003 sha: doc_id: 279396 cord_uid: qmixem8i file: cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.json key: cord-279255-v861kk0i authors: Dhama, Kuldeep; Khan, Sharun; Tiwari, Ruchi; Sircar, Shubhankar; Bhat, Sudipta; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Singh, Karam Pal; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Clin Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00028-20 sha: doc_id: 279255 cord_uid: v861kk0i file: cache/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.json key: cord-279264-0bhgq3q9 authors: Bolarinwa, O. A.; Olagunju, O. S.; Babalola, T. title: Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users date: 2020-09-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482 sha: doc_id: 279264 cord_uid: 0bhgq3q9 file: cache/cord-279415-s823mver.json key: cord-279415-s823mver authors: Guo, Xiaodong; Wang, Jiedong; Hu, Dong; Wu, Lisha; Gu, Li; Wang, Yang; Zhao, Jingjing; Zeng, Lian; Zhang, Jianduan; Wu, Yongchao title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 sha: doc_id: 279415 cord_uid: s823mver file: cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.json key: cord-279405-1d6gznls authors: Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Ahmad, Abrar; Misbah, Shahzadi; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Khan, Yusra Habib title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26464 sha: doc_id: 279405 cord_uid: 1d6gznls file: cache/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.json key: cord-279290-wtnnlp4i authors: Solorio-Pineda, Saúl; Almendárez-Sánchez, César Adán; Tafur-Grandett, Abrahan Alfonso; Ramos-Martínez, Gabriel Arturo; Huato-Reyes, Raúl; Ruiz-Flores, Milton Inocencio; Sosa-Najera, Antonio title: Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? date: 2020-09-25 journal: Surg Neurol Int DOI: 10.25259/sni_305_2020 sha: doc_id: 279290 cord_uid: wtnnlp4i file: cache/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.json key: cord-279345-dgdujcy3 authors: Sudhir, Amita; Mor, Nachiket title: A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India date: 2020-08-11 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020346 sha: doc_id: 279345 cord_uid: dgdujcy3 file: cache/cord-279456-oouylyx9.json key: cord-279456-oouylyx9 authors: Henchi, Sonia; Conti, Clara Benedetta; Vanoni, Nicolò; Repossi, Alice Claudia; Cipolla, Giuseppe; Marra, Mirko; Esposti, Elena; Fiini, Michela; Raimondi Cominesi, Irene; Crepaldi, Monica; Scozzafava, Mariano title: First COVID-19 sub-intensive respiratory unit in Europe: the Italian experience date: 2020-06-23 journal: Multidiscip Respir Med DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.682 sha: doc_id: 279456 cord_uid: oouylyx9 file: cache/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.json key: cord-279428-5t2qi2on authors: Mahmoudi, Morteza; Keashly, Loraleigh title: COVID-19 pandemic may fuel academic bullying date: 2020-06-27 journal: Bioimpacts DOI: 10.34172/bi.2020.17 sha: doc_id: 279428 cord_uid: 5t2qi2on file: cache/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.json key: cord-279443-2e4gz2bo authors: Khan, Suliman; Liu, Jianbo; Xue, Mengzhou title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns date: 2020-06-09 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00310 sha: doc_id: 279443 cord_uid: 2e4gz2bo file: cache/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.json key: cord-279468-xe84s5i4 authors: Fares, Elie; Pathak, Kriti; Damiano, Christopher; Kuntz, Catherine title: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 date: 2020-10-31 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.722 sha: doc_id: 279468 cord_uid: xe84s5i4 file: cache/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.json key: cord-279435-ffgd2ets authors: ALBalawi, Hani B title: COVID-19: Precautionary Guidelines for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-06-25 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8815 sha: doc_id: 279435 cord_uid: ffgd2ets file: cache/cord-279395-qfb06csa.json key: cord-279395-qfb06csa authors: Khan, Samea; Khan, Mahjabeen; Maqsood, Khizra; Hussain, Tanveer; Noor‐ul‐Huda,; Zeeshan, Muhammad title: Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25814 sha: doc_id: 279395 cord_uid: qfb06csa file: cache/cord-279485-hajrnur1.json key: cord-279485-hajrnur1 authors: Pope, Janet E. title: What Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Mean for Rheumatology Patients? date: 2020-04-30 journal: Curr Treatm Opt Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s40674-020-00145-y sha: doc_id: 279485 cord_uid: hajrnur1 file: cache/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.json key: cord-279534-klqg8wnh authors: Mari, Giulio M.; Crippa, Jacopo; Casciaro, Franco; Maggioni, Dario title: A 10-step guide to convert a surgical unit into a COVID-19 unit during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.052 sha: doc_id: 279534 cord_uid: klqg8wnh file: cache/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.json key: cord-279488-oc0edgd2 authors: Nguyen, Trieu; Duong Bang, Dang; Wolff, Anders title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics date: 2020-03-14 journal: Micromachines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/mi11030306 sha: doc_id: 279488 cord_uid: oc0edgd2 file: cache/cord-279401-eehb5yny.json key: cord-279401-eehb5yny authors: Haffejee, Sadiyya; Levine, Diane Thembekile title: ‘When will I be free’: Lessons of COVID-19 for Child Protection in South Africa date: 2020-09-04 journal: Child Abuse Negl DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104715 sha: doc_id: 279401 cord_uid: eehb5yny file: cache/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.json key: cord-279480-nqp1pc9v authors: Ring, Laurence E.; Martinez, Rebecca; Bernstein, Kyra; Landau, Ruth title: What Obstetricians should know about Obstetric Anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151277 sha: doc_id: 279480 cord_uid: nqp1pc9v file: cache/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.json key: cord-279513-m4jdc8ua authors: Onesti, Concetta Elisa; Rugo, Hope S; Generali, Daniele; Peeters, Marc; Zaman, Khalil; Wildiers, Hans; Harbeck, Nadia; Martin, Miguel; Cristofanilli, Massimo; Cortes, Javier; Tjan-Heijnen, Vivianne; Hurvitz, Sara A; Berchem, Guy; Tagliamento, Marco; Campone, Mario; Bartsch, Rupert; De Placido, Sabino; Puglisi, Fabio; Rottey, Sylvie; Müller, Volkmar; Ruhstaller, Thomas; Machiels, Jean-Pascal; Conte, PierFranco; Awada, Ahmad; Jerusalem, Guy title: Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-26 journal: ESMO Open DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000853 sha: doc_id: 279513 cord_uid: m4jdc8ua file: cache/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.json key: cord-279525-76iq0gcy authors: Kewan, Tariq; Almhana, Farah; Schwartzman, Larisa; Daw, Hamed; Haddad, Abdo title: COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura date: 2020-08-12 journal: Int J Lab Hematol DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13303 sha: doc_id: 279525 cord_uid: 76iq0gcy file: cache/cord-279571-chiadufa.json key: cord-279571-chiadufa authors: Cui, Xiaoyang; Yu, Xin; Wu, Xiaojing; Huang, Linna; Tian, Ye; Huang, Xu; Zhang, Zeyu; Cheng, Zhenshun; Guo, Qiang; Zhang, Yi; Cai, Ying; Zhan, Qingyuan title: Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-24 journal: Kidney Blood Press Res DOI: 10.1159/000509517 sha: doc_id: 279571 cord_uid: chiadufa file: cache/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.json key: cord-279550-7u2hksxm authors: Wang, Kai; Long, Quan-Xin; Deng, Hai-Jun; Hu, Jie; Gao, Qing-Zhu; Zhang, Gui-Ji; He, Chang-Long; Huang, Lu-Yi; Hu, Jie-Li; Chen, Juan; Tang, Ni; Huang, Ai-Long title: Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-08-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1143 sha: doc_id: 279550 cord_uid: 7u2hksxm file: cache/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.json key: cord-279566-27wmd3g5 authors: Shi, Li; Wang, Ying; Liang, Xuan; Xiao, Wenwei; Duan, Guangcai; Yang, Haiyan; Wang, Yadong title: Is neutrophilia associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients? A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression date: 2020-07-24 journal: Int J Lab Hematol DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13298 sha: doc_id: 279566 cord_uid: 27wmd3g5 file: cache/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.json key: cord-279631-1hlrx7o4 authors: Huang, Yan‐Mei; Hong, Xue‐Zhi; Shen, Jian; Huang, Yi; Zhao, Hai‐Lu title: CHINA'S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16462 sha: doc_id: 279631 cord_uid: 1hlrx7o4 file: cache/cord-279529-m7c6270u.json key: cord-279529-m7c6270u authors: Abrams, Hannah R.; Loomer, Lacey; Gandhi, Ashvin; Grabowski, David C. title: Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16661 sha: doc_id: 279529 cord_uid: m7c6270u file: cache/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.json key: cord-279511-s9h1jzzs authors: Di Stefano, Vincenzo; Battaglia, Giuseppe; Giustino, Valerio; Gagliardo, Andrea; D’Aleo, Michele; Giannini, Ottavio; Palma, Antonio; Brighina, Filippo title: Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10064-6 sha: doc_id: 279511 cord_uid: s9h1jzzs file: cache/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.json key: cord-279875-jxnszm5k authors: Wang, Wan-Ying; Xie, Ying; Zhou, Hua; Liu, Liang title: Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153279 sha: doc_id: 279875 cord_uid: jxnszm5k file: cache/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.json key: cord-279645-gwxu6dz2 authors: Montoya-Barthelemy, Andre; Lee, Charles D.; Cundiff, Dave; Smith, Eric title: COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health date: 2020-04-17 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 279645 cord_uid: gwxu6dz2 file: cache/cord-279713-97a86bor.json key: cord-279713-97a86bor authors: Negrini, Stefano; Donzelli, Sabrina; Negrini, Alberto; Negrini, Alessandra; Romano, Michele; Zaina, Fabio title: Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study date: 2020-08-12 journal: Arch Phys Med Rehabil DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 279713 cord_uid: 97a86bor file: cache/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.json key: cord-279667-ikfduu2k authors: Ronnje, Louise; Länsberg, John-Kalle; Vikhareva, Olga; Hansson, Stefan R.; Herbst, Andreas; Zaigham, Mehreen title: Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery date: 2020-09-04 journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03172-8 sha: doc_id: 279667 cord_uid: ikfduu2k file: cache/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.json key: cord-279561-p6wh7jja authors: Karim, Jamila S.; Hachach‐Haram, Nadine; Dasgupta, Prokar title: Bolstering the surgical response to COVID‐19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice date: 2020-04-29 journal: BJU Int DOI: 10.1111/bju.15080 sha: doc_id: 279561 cord_uid: p6wh7jja file: cache/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.json key: cord-279735-3sq7m3qw authors: Yoshihiro, Noda title: Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19's ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World date: 2020-06-22 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102262 sha: doc_id: 279735 cord_uid: 3sq7m3qw file: cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.json key: cord-279559-mob8dbcr authors: Coleman, Carl H. title: Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date: 2020-05-14 journal: Ethics Hum Res DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500055 sha: doc_id: 279559 cord_uid: mob8dbcr file: cache/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.json key: cord-279648-ft62m7zz authors: Raisi-Estabragh, Z.; McCracken, C.; Ardissino, M.; Bethell, M. S.; Cooper, J.; Cooper, C.; Harvey, N. C.; Petersen, S. E. title: NON-WHITE ETHNICITY, MALE SEX, AND HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX, BUT NOT MEDICATIONS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION: REVIEW OF THE FIRST 669 CASES FROM THE UK BIOBANK date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20096925 sha: doc_id: 279648 cord_uid: ft62m7zz file: cache/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.json key: cord-279629-t1xjy12y authors: Nazneen Akhand, Mst Rubaiat; Azim, Kazi Faizul; Hoque, Syeda Farjana; Moli, Mahmuda Akther; Joy, Bijit Das; Akter, Hafsa; Afif, Ibrahim Khalil; Ahmed, Nadim; Hasan, Mahmudul title: Genome based Evolutionary study of SARS-CoV-2 towards the Prediction of Epitope Based Chimeric Vaccine date: 2020-04-15 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.036285 sha: doc_id: 279629 cord_uid: t1xjy12y file: cache/cord-279828-es498qul.json key: cord-279828-es498qul authors: Boulle, Andrew; Davies, Mary-Ann; Hussey, Hannah; Ismail, Muzzammil; Morden, Erna; Vundle, Ziyanda; Zweigenthal, Virginia; 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Levitt, Naomi; Malaba, Thoko; Nyakato, Patience; Patten, Gabriela; Schneider, Helen; Shung King, Maylene; Tsondai, Priscilla; Van Duuren, James; van Schaik, Nienke; Blumberg, Lucille; Cohen, Cheryl; Govender, Nelesh; Jassat, Waasila; Kufa, Tendesayi; McCarthy, Kerrigan; Morris, Lynn; Hsiao, Nei-yuan; Marais, Ruan; Ambler, Jon; Ngwenya, Olina; Osei-Yeboah, Richard; Johnson, Leigh; Kassanjee, Reshma; Tamuhla, Tsaone title: Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa date: 2020-08-29 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1198 sha: doc_id: 279828 cord_uid: es498qul file: cache/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.json key: cord-279736-udsbcqfs authors: Abdalkader, Mohamad; Sathya, Anvitha; Malek, Adel M.; Fifi, Johanna T.; Norbash, Alexander M.; Wakhloo, Ajay K.; Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Roadmap for Resuming Elective Neuroendovascular Procedures Following the First COVID-19 Surge date: 2020-07-27 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105177 sha: doc_id: 279736 cord_uid: udsbcqfs file: cache/cord-279891-v71rysnw.json key: cord-279891-v71rysnw authors: Karampekos, George; Gkolfakis, Paraskevas; Tziatzios, Georgios; Apostolopoulos, Pericles; Vlachogiannakos, Jiannis; Thomopoulos, Konstantinos; Protopapas, Andreas; Kofokotsios, Alexandros; Oikonomou, Michalis; Mela, Maria; Samonakis, Dimitrios; Christodoulou, Dimitrios; Triantafyllou, Konstantinos title: Differences between fellows and fellowship program directors in their perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology training: results from a nationwide survey in Greece date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0546 sha: doc_id: 279891 cord_uid: v71rysnw file: cache/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.json key: cord-279649-wllc0gl5 authors: Kent, Katherine; Murray, Sandra; Penrose, Beth; Auckland, Stuart; Visentin, Denis; Godrich, Stephanie; Lester, Elizabeth title: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Insecurity in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12092682 sha: doc_id: 279649 cord_uid: wllc0gl5 file: cache/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.json key: cord-279719-z0wuajpx authors: Martin-Fumadó, Carles; Gómez-Durán, Esperanza L.; Morlans-Molina, Màrius title: Medico-legal and ethical considerations on resource limitation and clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 279719 cord_uid: z0wuajpx file: cache/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.json key: cord-279846-g0ro8pbb authors: Terrigno, Vittorio R; Tan, Jian Liang; Singh, Devinder; Sabir, Sajjad A title: Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9441 sha: doc_id: 279846 cord_uid: g0ro8pbb file: cache/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.json key: cord-279779-kp6ik8qb authors: Blair, A.; Warsame, K.; Naik, H.; Byrne, W.; Parnia, A.; Siddiqi, A. title: Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach date: 2020-09-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 sha: doc_id: 279779 cord_uid: kp6ik8qb file: cache/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.json key: cord-279904-hfnlp6qv authors: Hoedl, M.; Eglseer, D.; Bauer, S. title: COVID-19 among nursing staff: Settings and regional differences date: 2020-08-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20174797 sha: doc_id: 279904 cord_uid: hfnlp6qv file: cache/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.json key: cord-279942-y5io9qzl authors: Chakrabarty, Rajan K.; Beeler, Payton; Liu, Pai; Goswami, Spondita; Harvey, Richard D.; Pervez, Shamsh; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Martin, Randall V. title: Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-11-09 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143391 sha: doc_id: 279942 cord_uid: y5io9qzl file: cache/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.json key: cord-280089-x8fs34d7 authors: Park, Hayne Cho; Kim, Do Hyoung; Yoo, Kyung Don; Kim, Yang-Gyun; Lee, Sang-Ho; Yoon, Hye Eun; Kim, Dong Ki; Kim, Seong Nam; Kim, Myeong Sung; Jung, Yoon Chul; Kim, Yon Su; Lee, Young-Ki title: Korean clinical practice guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis facilities date: 2020-06-30 journal: Kidney Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.046 sha: doc_id: 280089 cord_uid: x8fs34d7 file: cache/cord-279750-if9vphb2.json key: cord-279750-if9vphb2 authors: Savić, Dragan; Alsheikh, Tarik M.; Alhaj, Ahmad Kh.; Lazovic, Lazar; Alsarraf, Lamya; Bosnjakovic, Petar; Yousef, Waleed title: Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report date: 2020-07-27 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04510-7 sha: doc_id: 279750 cord_uid: if9vphb2 file: cache/cord-279913-lgdmlies.json key: cord-279913-lgdmlies authors: Katz, D. H.; Tahir, U. A.; Ngo, D.; Benson, M. D.; Bick, A. G.; Pampana, A.; Gao, Y.; Keyes, M. J.; Correa, A.; Sinha, S.; Shen, D.; Yang, Q.; Robbins, J. M.; Chen, Z.-Z.; Cruz, D. E.; Peterson, B.; Natarajan, P.; Vasan, R. S.; Smith, G.; Wang, T. J.; Gerszten, R. E. title: Proteomic Profiling in Biracial Cohorts Implicates DC-SIGN as a Mediator of Genetic Risk in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20125690 sha: doc_id: 279913 cord_uid: lgdmlies file: cache/cord-279960-1phc0wds.json key: cord-279960-1phc0wds authors: Zhao, Ai; Li, Zhongyu; Ke, Yalei; Huo, Shanshan; Ma, Yidi; Zhang, Yumei; Zhang, Jian; Ren, Zhongxia title: Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors date: 2020-06-06 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12061699 sha: doc_id: 279960 cord_uid: 1phc0wds file: cache/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.json key: cord-280043-bm0qkrod authors: Esagian, Stepan M.; Ziogas, Ioannis A.; Giannis, Dimitrios; Hayat, Muhammad H.; Elias, Nahel; Tsoulfas, Georgios title: Challenges in Abdominal Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00287 sha: doc_id: 280043 cord_uid: bm0qkrod file: cache/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.json key: cord-280147-xvzi1i0v authors: Consoli, Letizia; Bendotti, Vittorio; Cicchinelli, Sara; Gaioni, Federico; Prandolini, Paola; Bettonagli, Monica; Terragnoli, Paolo title: 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia complications: the importance of lung ultrasound date: 2020-06-19 journal: J Ultrasound DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00494-3 sha: doc_id: 280147 cord_uid: xvzi1i0v file: cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.json key: cord-279991-w2aoogjj authors: Labrague, Leodoro J.; de los Santos, Janet title: Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date: 2020-09-27 journal: J Nurs Manag DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13168 sha: doc_id: 279991 cord_uid: w2aoogjj file: cache/cord-280164-dukccrjb.json key: cord-280164-dukccrjb authors: Nachega, Jean B.; Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide; Otshudiema, John; Mobula, Linda M.; Preiser, Wolfgang; Kallay, Oscar; Michaels-Strasser, Susan; Breman, Joel G.; Rimoin, Anne W.; Nsio, Justus; Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Zumla, Alimuddin; Muyembe Tam-Fum, Jean-Jacques title: Responding to the Challenge of the Dual COVID-19 and Ebola Epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo—Priorities for Achieving Control date: 2020-06-19 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0642 sha: doc_id: 280164 cord_uid: dukccrjb file: cache/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.json key: cord-280055-5iwo6tlb authors: Vieira, Tiago title: The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19 date: 2020-12-31 journal: Social Sciences & Humanities Open DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100059 sha: doc_id: 280055 cord_uid: 5iwo6tlb file: cache/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.json key: cord-280005-i9fp5rys authors: Wang, Mengmei; Zhao, Yang; Hu, Weihua; Zhao, Dong; Zhang, Yunting; Wang, Tao; Zheng, Zhishui; Li, Xiaochen; Zeng, Shaolin; Liu, Zhenlian; Lu, Li; Wan, Zhihui; Hu, Ke title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date: 2020-09-21 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1417 sha: doc_id: 280005 cord_uid: i9fp5rys file: cache/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.json key: cord-279933-l7nen2uj authors: Hsu, Jeffrey J.; Gaynor, Pryce; Kamath, Megan; Fan, Ashley; Al‐Saffar, Farah; Cruz, Daniel; Nsair, Ali title: COVID‐19 in a High‐Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-21 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15936 sha: doc_id: 279933 cord_uid: l7nen2uj file: cache/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.json key: cord-280029-g1k3zlax authors: Gabutti, Giovanni; d’Anchera, Erica; Sandri, Federica; Savio, Marta; Stefanati, Armando title: Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 journal: Infect Dis Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5 sha: doc_id: 280029 cord_uid: g1k3zlax file: cache/cord-280050-fktc778q.json key: cord-280050-fktc778q authors: Tahir, Shumaila; Tahir, Syeda Anjala; Bin Arif, Taha; Majid, Bushra; Majid, Zainab; Malik, Farheen; Ahmed, Ashfaque; Memon, Arslan; Ahmed, Jawad title: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date: 2020-06-17 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8679 sha: doc_id: 280050 cord_uid: fktc778q file: cache/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.json key: cord-280210-6xivdgvt authors: Eichner, E. Randy title: Writing on Sports Medicine in Pandemic Times date: 2020-07-08 journal: Curr Sports Med Rep DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000731 sha: doc_id: 280210 cord_uid: 6xivdgvt file: cache/cord-280068-rszu1c48.json key: cord-280068-rszu1c48 authors: Twomey, Julianne D.; Luo, Shen; Dean, Alexis Q.; Bozza, William P.; Nalli, Ancy; Zhang, Baolin title: COVID-19 update: The race to therapeutic development date: 2020-10-24 journal: Drug Resist Updat DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100733 sha: doc_id: 280068 cord_uid: rszu1c48 file: cache/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.json key: cord-280133-c0k3uag9 authors: Artese, Flavia title: Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics date: 2020 journal: Dental Press J Orthod DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.2.007-008.edt sha: doc_id: 280133 cord_uid: c0k3uag9 file: cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.json key: cord-280410-j32tuj5s authors: Rose, Adam J.; Ellen, Moriah E. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 sha: doc_id: 280410 cord_uid: j32tuj5s file: cache/cord-280234-anlytu3q.json key: cord-280234-anlytu3q authors: Memar, Elmira Haji Esmaeil; Mamishi, Setareh; Ekbatani, Meisam Sharifzadeh; Alimadadi, Hosein; Yaghmaei, Bahareh; Chegini, Victoria; Janani, Somayeh; Mahmoudi, Shima title: Fulminant hepatic failure: a rare and devastating manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 in an 11-year-old boy date: 2020-09-29 journal: Arch Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 280234 cord_uid: anlytu3q file: cache/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.json key: cord-280231-jo3grxd5 authors: Hardenberg, Jan‐Hendrik; Luft, Friedrich C. title: Covid‐19, ACE2 and the kidney date: 2020-08-02 journal: Acta Physiol (Oxf) DOI: 10.1111/apha.13539 sha: doc_id: 280231 cord_uid: jo3grxd5 file: cache/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.json key: cord-280206-49qjyhrd authors: Szczerbińska, Katarzyna title: Could we have done better with COVID-19 in nursing homes? date: 2020-07-16 journal: Eur Geriatr Med DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00362-7 sha: doc_id: 280206 cord_uid: 49qjyhrd file: cache/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.json key: cord-280223-6ro2deuv authors: Ciacchini, Benedetta; Tonioli, Francesco; Marciano, Cinzia; Faticato, Maria Grazia; Borali, Elena; Pini Prato, Alessio; Felici, Enrico title: Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis date: 2020-06-29 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00849-w sha: doc_id: 280223 cord_uid: 6ro2deuv file: cache/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.json key: cord-280227-4v4mbej4 authors: Dasgupta, Prokar title: Covid‐19 and urology date: 2020-05-29 journal: BJU Int DOI: 10.1111/bju.15104 sha: doc_id: 280227 cord_uid: 4v4mbej4 file: cache/cord-280078-jbwphya5.json key: cord-280078-jbwphya5 authors: Bonati, Elena; Bignami, Elena Giovanna; Del Rio, Paolo title: Postoperative vocal fold dysfunction in covid-19 era: are we still in time for a recovery? date: 2020-08-09 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02433-y sha: doc_id: 280078 cord_uid: jbwphya5 file: cache/cord-280182-615096py.json key: cord-280182-615096py authors: Govindan, Kannan; Mina, Hassan; Alavi, Behrouz title: A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-07 journal: Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.101967 sha: doc_id: 280182 cord_uid: 615096py file: cache/cord-280372-u56ydlve.json key: cord-280372-u56ydlve authors: Smith, L. E.; Mottershaw, A. L.; Egan, M.; Waller, J.; Marteau, T. M.; Rubin, G. J. title: The impact of believing you have had COVID-19 on behaviour: Cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086223 sha: doc_id: 280372 cord_uid: u56ydlve file: cache/cord-280221-s6oxq772.json key: cord-280221-s6oxq772 authors: Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel; Vila, Taissa; Sultan, Ahmed S.; Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann title: Convalescent serum therapy for COVID-19: A 19th century remedy for a 21st century disease date: 2020-08-12 journal: PLoS Pathog DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008735 sha: doc_id: 280221 cord_uid: s6oxq772 file: cache/cord-280195-646xesqp.json key: cord-280195-646xesqp authors: Spencer, Hunter C.; Wurzburger, Riana title: COVID-19 presenting as neutropenic fever date: 2020-06-13 journal: Ann Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04128-w sha: doc_id: 280195 cord_uid: 646xesqp file: cache/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.json key: cord-280241-h16s6wwm authors: McStay, R.; Johnstone, A.; Hare, S. S.; Rodrigues, J.C.L.; Nair, A.; Jacob, J.; Edey, A.; Robinson, G. title: COVID-19: looking beyond the peak. Challenges and tips for radiologists in follow-up of a novel patient cohort date: 2020-10-08 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.025 sha: doc_id: 280241 cord_uid: h16s6wwm file: cache/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.json key: cord-280331-iu2e14jo authors: Taboe, Hémaho B.; Salako, Kolawolé V.; Tison, James M.; Ngonghala, Calistus N.; Kakaï, Romain Glèlè title: Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West-Africa date: 2020-07-29 journal: Math Biosci DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108431 sha: doc_id: 280331 cord_uid: iu2e14jo file: cache/cord-280361-242yq90p.json key: cord-280361-242yq90p authors: Emmanuel, Stip; Ostlundh, Linda title: Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-20 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102203 sha: doc_id: 280361 cord_uid: 242yq90p file: cache/cord-280370-td8b6fap.json key: cord-280370-td8b6fap authors: Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Lara; Revuelta, Jacobo Rogado; Portero, Berta Obispo; Méndez, Cristina Pangua; Montero, Gloria Serrano; Alfonso, Ana López title: Mortalidad por Covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer en un hospital de Madrid durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia date: 2020-05-19 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 280370 cord_uid: td8b6fap file: cache/cord-280373-xhvhep84.json key: cord-280373-xhvhep84 authors: Faust, A.; Sierawska, A.; Krueger, K.; Wisgalla, A.; Hasford, J.; Strech, D. title: Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical. A status quo analysis across German research ethics committees date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20168773 sha: doc_id: 280373 cord_uid: xhvhep84 file: cache/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.json key: cord-280358-ru2hv6pz authors: Auvinen, R.; Nohynek, H.; Syrjänen, R.; Ollgren, J.; Kerttula, T.; Mäntylä, J.; Ikonen, N.; Loginov, R.; Haveri, A.; Kurkela, S.; Skogberg, K. title: Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20140632 sha: doc_id: 280358 cord_uid: ru2hv6pz file: cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.json key: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu authors: Bertoncelli, Deborah; Guidarini, Marta; Della Greca, Anna; Ratti, Chiara; Falcinella, Francesca; Iovane, Brunella; Dutto, Mauro Luigi; Caffarelli, Carlo; Tchana, Bertrand title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 sha: doc_id: 280280 cord_uid: 9jr7ekbu file: cache/cord-280437-6u3kepat.json key: cord-280437-6u3kepat authors: Kalippurayil Moozhipurath, R.; Kraft, L.; Skiera, B. title: Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 Deaths date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093419 sha: doc_id: 280437 cord_uid: 6u3kepat file: cache/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.json key: cord-280440-35h2x8dg authors: Mitchell, Rob; Nou, Gary title: A ‘new normal’: Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care date: 2020-08-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100012 sha: doc_id: 280440 cord_uid: 35h2x8dg file: cache/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.json key: cord-280521-sqhzcm87 authors: Qazi, Saqib Hamid; Dogar, Sohail Asghar; Hamid, La-Raib; Pirzada, Areeba Nadeem; Saleem, Ayesha; Das, Jai K title: Continuing and ensuring surgical care for children during COVID and post-COVID crisis date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Pediatr Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 280521 cord_uid: sqhzcm87 file: cache/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.json key: cord-280471-cqypwi5d authors: Sun, Hua-Bao; Zhang, Yi-Ming; Huang, Li-Gui; Lai, Qi-Nan; Mo, Qun; Ye, Xin-Zhou; Wang, Tao; Zhu, Zhong-Zhen; Lv, Xiao-Lin; Luo, Yan-Ji; Gao, Shi-Ding; Xu, Jin-Song; Zhu, Hao-Hao; Li, Ting; Wang, Zhan-Ke title: The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239532 sha: doc_id: 280471 cord_uid: cqypwi5d file: cache/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.json key: cord-280416-wd6jm2ms authors: Mukhopadhyay, S.; Sinha, S.; Mohapatra, S. K. title: Dynamic dysregulation of IL-6 and genes functional in NETosis, complement and coagulation in severe COVID-19 illness date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211425 sha: doc_id: 280416 cord_uid: wd6jm2ms file: cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.json key: cord-280394-v2pwvst7 authors: Ma, Lin-Lu; Li, Bui-Hui; Jin, Ying-Hui; Deng, Tong; Ren, Xue-Qun; Zeng, Xian-Tao title: Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-05-15 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00242 sha: doc_id: 280394 cord_uid: v2pwvst7 file: cache/cord-280427-smqc23vr.json key: cord-280427-smqc23vr authors: Singla, Rubal; Mishra, Abhishek; Joshi, Rupa; Jha, Sonali; Sharma, Amit Raj; Upadhyay, Sujata; Sarma, Phulen; Prakash, Ajay; Medhi, Bikash title: Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence date: 2020-09-14 journal: Vet Res Commun DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09781-0 sha: doc_id: 280427 cord_uid: smqc23vr file: cache/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.json key: cord-280470-dtb2nza1 authors: Bairagi, A. 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S. title: A Noncooperative Game Analysis for Controlling COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110783 sha: doc_id: 280470 cord_uid: dtb2nza1 file: cache/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.json key: cord-280423-v3r7vo0o authors: Desmazes‐Dufeu, Nadine; Coltey, Bérengère; Amari, Lyria; Gouitaa, Marion; Touzery, Camille; Reynaud‐Gaubert, Martine; Chanez, Pascal; Cassir, Nadim title: Discordant courses of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients date: 2020-07-31 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13410 sha: doc_id: 280423 cord_uid: v3r7vo0o file: cache/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.json key: cord-280491-tarb3mu7 authors: Wu, Yin; Kwakkenbos, Linda; Henry, Richard S.; Tao, Lydia; Harb, Sami; Bourgeault, Angelica; Carrier, Marie-Eve; Levis, Brooke; Sun, Ying; Bhandari, Parash Mani; Carboni-Jiménez, Andrea; Gagarine, Maria; He, Chen; Krishnan, Ankur; Negeri, Zelalem F.; Neupane, Dipika; Mouthon, Luc; Bartlett, Susan J.; Benedetti, Andrea; Thombs, Brett D.; Culos-Reed, Nicole; El-Baalbaki, Ghassan; Hebblethwaite, Shannon; Patten, Scott; Varga, John; Bustamante, Laura; Duchek, Delaney; Ellis, Kelsey; Rice, Danielle; Dyas, Laura; Fortuné, Catherine; Gietzen, Amy; Guillot, Geneviève; Lewis, Nancy; Nielsen, Karen; Richard, Michelle; Sauvé, Maureen; Welling, Joep title: Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Psychosom Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110271 sha: doc_id: 280491 cord_uid: tarb3mu7 file: cache/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.json key: cord-280538-lrvqhx98 authors: Wang, Haiyan; Yamamoto, Nao title: Using A Partial Differential Equation with Google Mobility Data to Predict COVID-19 in Arizona date: 2020-06-30 journal: Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020266 sha: doc_id: 280538 cord_uid: lrvqhx98 file: cache/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.json key: cord-280540-yw8o3c1l authors: Patel, A. P.; Paranjpe, M. D.; Kathiresan, N. P.; Rivas, M. A.; Khera, A. V. title: Race, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a National Biobank date: 2020-05-02 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20082107 sha: doc_id: 280540 cord_uid: yw8o3c1l file: cache/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.json key: cord-280528-7ivw72l0 authors: TUFAN, Abdurrahman; AVANOĞLU GÜLER, Aslıhan; MATUCCI-CERINIC, Marco title: COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-168 sha: doc_id: 280528 cord_uid: 7ivw72l0 file: cache/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.json key: cord-280554-9jp85yzz authors: Lamure, Sylvain; Duléry, Rémy; Di Blasi, Roberta; Chauchet, Adrien; Laureana, Cécile; Deau-Fischer, Bénédicte; Drenou, Bernard; Soussain, Carole; Rossi, Cédric; Noël, Nicolas; Choquet, Sylvain; Bologna, Serge; Joly, Bertrand; Kohn, Milena; Malak, Sandra; Fouquet, Guillemette; Daguindau, Etienne; Bernard, Sophie; Thiéblemont, Catherine; Cartron, Guillaume; Lacombe, Karine; Besson, Caroline title: Determinants of outcome in Covid-19 hospitalized patients with lymphoma: A retrospective multicentric cohort study date: 2020-10-13 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100549 sha: doc_id: 280554 cord_uid: 9jp85yzz file: cache/cord-280628-ok62havd.json key: cord-280628-ok62havd authors: Groß, Sonja; Jahn, Christopher; Cushman, Sarah; Bär, Christian; Thum, Thomas title: SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Mol Cell Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031 sha: doc_id: 280628 cord_uid: ok62havd file: cache/cord-280579-osodvntp.json key: cord-280579-osodvntp authors: Ali, Hussain; Yilmaz, Gozde; Fareed, Zeeshan; Shahzad, Farrukh; Ahmad, Munir title: Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey date: 2020-09-22 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00943-2 sha: doc_id: 280579 cord_uid: osodvntp file: cache/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.json key: cord-280551-9hoxy5ok authors: Kim, Donghee; Adeniji, Nia; Latt, Nyann; Kumar, Sonal; Bloom, Patricia P.; Aby, Elizabeth S.; Perumalswami, Ponni; Roytman, Marina; Li, Michael; Vogel, Alexander S.; Catana, Andreea M.; Wegermann, Kara; Carr, Rotonya M.; Aloman, Costica; Chen, Vincent; Rabiee, Atoosa; Sadowski, Brett; Nguyen, Veronica; Dunn, Winston; Chavin, Kenneth; Zhou, Kali; Lizaola-Mayo, Blanca; Moghe, Akshata; Debes, José; Lee, Tzu-Hao; Branch, Andrea; Viveiros, Kathleen; Chan, Walter; Chascsa, David; Kwo, Paul; Dhanasekaran, Renumathy title: Predictors of Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: US Multi-center Study date: 2020-09-17 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.027 sha: doc_id: 280551 cord_uid: 9hoxy5ok file: cache/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.json key: cord-280695-r3oldfaj authors: Stewart, Cameron; Tomossy, George F.; Lamont, Scott; Brunero, Scott title: COVID-19 and Australian Prisons: Human Rights, Risks, and Responses date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10054-3 sha: doc_id: 280695 cord_uid: r3oldfaj file: cache/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.json key: cord-280630-2g7ygxys authors: Koo, Bo Kyung; Bang, Ji Hwan; Kim, Sun-Young; Kim, Eun Jin; Park, Sang-Won title: Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening date: 2020-04-14 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.219 sha: doc_id: 280630 cord_uid: 2g7ygxys file: cache/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.json key: cord-280631-9hq9e1o6 authors: Xu, Zheng‐Li; Huang, Xiao‐Jun title: COVID‐19 & Allogeneic Transplant: Activity and Preventive Measures for Best Outcomes in China date: 2020-06-01 journal: Adv Cell Gene Ther DOI: 10.1002/acg2.94 sha: doc_id: 280631 cord_uid: 9hq9e1o6 file: cache/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.json key: cord-280561-2t72q2ba authors: Rani, Uma; Dhir, Rishabh Kumar title: Platform Work and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-06 journal: Indian J Labour Econ DOI: 10.1007/s41027-020-00273-y sha: doc_id: 280561 cord_uid: 2t72q2ba file: cache/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.json key: cord-280899-zoc1hk5g authors: Volff, Maxime; Tonon, David; Bourenne, Jeremy; Simeone, Pierre; Velly, Lionel title: No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-10 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 280899 cord_uid: zoc1hk5g file: cache/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.json key: cord-280917-j2a77fw3 authors: Kim, Hyun-Sook; Lee, Myeung-Su; Kim, HyungJin; Sung, Yoon-Kyoung; Lee, Jisoo; Shim, Seung-Cheol; Park, Sung-Hwan; Baek, Han Joo title: Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04614-4 sha: doc_id: 280917 cord_uid: j2a77fw3 file: cache/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.json key: cord-280642-cvxni7cd authors: The OpenSAFELY Collaborative,; Williamson, E.; Walker, A. J.; Bhaskaran, K. J.; Bacon, S.; Bates, C.; Morton, C. E.; Curtis, H. J.; Mehrkar, A.; Evans, D.; Inglesby, P.; Cockburn, J.; Mcdonald, H. I.; MacKenna, B.; Tomlinson, L.; Douglas, I. J.; Rentsch, C. T.; Mathur, R.; Wong, A.; Grieve, R.; Harrison, D.; Forbes, H.; Schultze, A.; Croker, R. T.; Parry, J.; Hester, F.; Harper, S.; Perera, R.; Evans, S.; Smeeth, L.; Goldacre, B. title: OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999 sha: doc_id: 280642 cord_uid: cvxni7cd file: cache/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.json key: cord-280922-w6a5ec06 authors: Sen, Sanjana; Sanders, Emily C.; Gabriel, Kristin N.; Miller, Brian M.; Isoda, Hariny M.; Salcedo, Gabriela S.; Garrido, Jason E.; Dyer, Rebekah P.; Nakajima, Rie; Jain, Aarti; Santos, Alicia M.; Bhuvan, Keertna; Tifrea, Delia F.; Ricks-Oddie, Joni L.; Felgner, Philip L.; Edwards, Robert A.; Majumdar, Sudipta; Weiss, Gregory A. title: Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score date: 2020-10-29 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.341743 sha: doc_id: 280922 cord_uid: w6a5ec06 file: cache/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.json key: cord-280667-wpju6pwi authors: Feng, Yi; Zong, Min; Yang, Zhizun; Gu, Wen; Dong, Dan; Qiao, Zhihong title: When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00587-y sha: doc_id: 280667 cord_uid: wpju6pwi file: cache/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.json key: cord-280935-ur9x4fsa authors: Bajwa, Hamza; Riaz, Yumna; Ammar, Muhammad; Farooq, Soban; Yousaf, Amman title: The Dilemma of Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-06-15 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8632 sha: doc_id: 280935 cord_uid: ur9x4fsa file: cache/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.json key: cord-280914-6k8gpp4y authors: Alpaslan Kocamemi, B.; Kurt, H.; Hacioglu, S.; Yarali, C.; Saatci, A. M.; Pakdemirli, B. title: First Data-Set on SARS-CoV-2 Detection for Istanbul Wastewaters in Turkey date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089417 sha: doc_id: 280914 cord_uid: 6k8gpp4y file: cache/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.json key: cord-280821-kc0ut4oy authors: Venturini, Elisabetta; Montagnani, Carlotta; Garazzino, Silvia; Donà, Daniele; Pierantoni, Luca; Lo Vecchio, Andrea; Nicolini, Giangiacomo; Bianchini, Sonia; Krzysztofiak, Andrzej; Galli, Luisa; Villani, Alberto; Castelli-Gattinara, Guido title: Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease date: 2020-09-24 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00900-w sha: doc_id: 280821 cord_uid: kc0ut4oy file: cache/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.json key: cord-280819-z6ucnwk0 authors: Achilonu, Ikechukwu; Iwuchukwu, Emmanuel Amarachi; Achilonu, Okechinyere Juliet; Fernandes, Manuel Antonio; Sayed, Yasien title: Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach date: 2020-09-02 journal: J Mol Graph Model DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107730 sha: doc_id: 280819 cord_uid: z6ucnwk0 file: cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.json key: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 authors: Peng, Fujun; Tu, Lei; Yang, Yongshi; Hu, Peng; Wang, Runsheng; Hu, Qinyong; Cao, Feng; Jiang, Taijiao; Sun, Jinlyu; Xu, Guogang; Chang, Christopher title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 280970 cord_uid: gy0kfhy6 file: cache/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.json key: cord-280978-rtl5ut70 authors: Lal, Rattan title: Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 journal: Food Secur DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01058-3 sha: doc_id: 280978 cord_uid: rtl5ut70 file: cache/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.json key: cord-280932-xhz5d4ty authors: Acanfora, Domenico; Ciccone, Marco Matteo; Scicchitano, Pietro; Acanfora, Chiara; Casucci, Gerardo title: Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials date: 2020-05-05 journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa044 sha: doc_id: 280932 cord_uid: xhz5d4ty file: cache/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.json key: cord-280975-9hgtvm6d authors: Sarkar, Kankan; Khajanchi, Subhas; Nieto, Juan J. title: Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-06-28 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110049 sha: doc_id: 280975 cord_uid: 9hgtvm6d file: cache/cord-280996-anq680a1.json key: cord-280996-anq680a1 authors: Agarwal, Arnav; Basmaji, John; Muttalib, Fiona; Granton, David; Chaudhuri, Dipayan; Chetan, Devin; Hu, Malini; Fernando, Shannon M.; Honarmand, Kimia; Bakaa, Layla; Brar, Sonia; Rochwerg, Bram; Adhikari, Neill K.; Lamontagne, Francois; Murthy, Srinivas; Hui, David S. C.; Gomersall, Charles; Mubareka, Samira; Diaz, Janet V.; Burns, Karen E. A.; Couban, Rachel; Ibrahim, Quazi; Guyatt, Gordon H.; Vandvik, Per O. title: High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission date: 2020-06-15 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01740-2 sha: doc_id: 280996 cord_uid: anq680a1 file: cache/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.json key: cord-280981-p0l5bpqi authors: Keenan, Jesse M. title: COVID, resilience, and the built environment date: 2020-05-14 journal: Environ Syst Decis DOI: 10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0 sha: doc_id: 280981 cord_uid: p0l5bpqi file: cache/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.json key: cord-280747-k0x6rjdi authors: Hashim, Muhammad Jawad; Alsuwaidi, Ahmed R.; Khan, Gulfaraz title: Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in 93 Countries date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200721.001 sha: doc_id: 280747 cord_uid: k0x6rjdi file: cache/cord-280722-glcifqyp.json key: cord-280722-glcifqyp authors: Rios, V.; Gianmoena, L. title: Is there a link between temperatures and COVID-19 contagions? Evidence from Italy date: 2020-05-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20101261 sha: doc_id: 280722 cord_uid: glcifqyp file: cache/cord-280780-owudyf7j.json key: cord-280780-owudyf7j authors: Kemp, Oliver J; Watson, Daniel J; Swanson-Low, Carla L; Cameron, James A; Von Vopelius-Feldt, Johannes title: Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-28 journal: BJR Open DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200020 sha: doc_id: 280780 cord_uid: owudyf7j file: cache/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.json key: cord-281060-1ud5hzlh authors: Méndez Maestro, Irune; Peña Merino, Lander; Udondo González del Tánago, Begoña; Aramburu González, Aida; Orbea Sopeña, Ana; Sánchez De Vicente, Javier; Ratón Nieto, Juan A.; Acebo Mariñas, Elvira; Gardeazabal García, Jesús title: Skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 disease: a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary hospital date: 2020-09-24 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15180 sha: doc_id: 281060 cord_uid: 1ud5hzlh file: cache/cord-281064-b69p44uq.json key: cord-281064-b69p44uq authors: Ozder, Aclan title: A Novel Indicator Predicts 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Subjects with Diabetes date: 2020-07-03 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108294 sha: doc_id: 281064 cord_uid: b69p44uq file: cache/cord-280960-88hzovg2.json key: cord-280960-88hzovg2 authors: Galani, I. E.; Rovina, N.; Lampropoulou, V.; Triantafyllia, V.; Manioudaki, M.; Pavlos, E.; Koukaki, E.; Fragkou, P. C.; Panou, V.; Rapti, V.; Koltsida, O.; Mentis, A.; Koulouris, N.; Tsiodras, S.; Koutsoukou, A.; Andreakos, E. title: Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison date: 2020-08-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.21.20179291 sha: doc_id: 280960 cord_uid: 88hzovg2 file: cache/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.json key: cord-280848-z0sbztkw authors: Setzen, Michael; Svider, Peter F.; Pollock, Kim title: COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102491 sha: doc_id: 280848 cord_uid: z0sbztkw file: cache/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.json key: cord-281003-7pdhxdzc authors: Farmakis, Dimitrios; Giakoumis, Anastasios; Cannon, Lily; Angastiniotis, Michael; Eleftheriou, Androulla title: COVID‐19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation date: 2020-07-13 journal: Eur J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13476 sha: doc_id: 281003 cord_uid: 7pdhxdzc file: cache/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.json key: cord-281038-h5iew8oo authors: Rodríguez-Pardo, Jorge; Fuentes, Blanca; de Leciñana, María Alonso; Campollo, Jorge; Castaño, Patricia Calleja; Ruiz, Joaquín Carneado; Egido Herrero, José; Leal, Roberto García; Núñez, Antonio Gil; Cerezo, Jorge Francisco Gómez; Martínez, Alfonso Martín; Vallejo, Jaime Masjuan; Aguado, Blanca Palomino; López, Nicolás Riera; de las Heras, Rogelio Simón; Vivancos Mora, José; Tejedor, Exuperio Díez title: Atención al ictus agudo durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones Plan Ictus Madrid date: 2020-04-24 journal: Neurologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 281038 cord_uid: h5iew8oo file: cache/cord-281087-br4ssimq.json key: cord-281087-br4ssimq authors: Aslan, Nagehan; Yildizdas, Dincer; Sinanoglu, Muhammed Selcuk title: A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis date: 2020-10-22 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03544-0 sha: doc_id: 281087 cord_uid: br4ssimq file: cache/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.json key: cord-281035-tv9t0zlr authors: Khose, Swapnil; Moore, Justin Xavier; Wang, Henry E. title: Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00854-4 sha: doc_id: 281035 cord_uid: tv9t0zlr file: cache/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.json key: cord-281040-jvcgtynq authors: Taquet, M.; Luciano, S.; Geddes, J. R.; Harrison, P. J. title: Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: a study of 62,354 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-08-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20175190 sha: doc_id: 281040 cord_uid: jvcgtynq file: cache/cord-281068-bigb9890.json key: cord-281068-bigb9890 authors: Alumran, Arwa title: Role of Precautionary Measures in Containing the Natural Course of Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Multidiscip Healthc DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s261643 sha: doc_id: 281068 cord_uid: bigb9890 file: cache/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.json key: cord-281086-fmftr5jn authors: Morand, A.; Roquelaure, B.; Colson, P.; Amrane, S.; Bosdure, E.; Raoult, D.; Lagier, J-C; Fabre, A title: Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report date: 2020-05-06 journal: Arch Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 281086 cord_uid: fmftr5jn file: cache/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.json key: cord-281148-bbnbnwte authors: Emara, Khaled; Emara, Ahmed K.; Farhan, Mona; Mahmoud, Shady title: What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic() date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 281148 cord_uid: bbnbnwte file: cache/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.json key: cord-281159-elwmqqqq authors: Lv, M.; Wang, M.; Yang, N.; Luo, X.; Li, W.; Chen, X.; Liu, Y.; Ren, M.; Zhang, X.; Wang, L.; Ma, Y.; Lei, J.; Fukuoka, T.; Ahn, H. S.; Lee, M. S.; Luo, Z.; Chen, Y.; Liu, E.; Tian, J.; Wang, X. title: Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064733 sha: doc_id: 281159 cord_uid: elwmqqqq file: cache/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.json key: cord-281039-a7q5nzwn authors: Rodilla, Enrique; Saura, Alberto; Jiménez, Iratxe; Mendizábal, Andrea; Pineda-Cantero, Araceli; Lorenzo-Hernández, Elizabeth; Fidalgo-Montero, Maria del Pilar; López-Cuervo, Joaquín Fernandez; Gil-Sánchez, Ricardo; Rabadán-Pejenaute, Elisa; Abella-Vázquez, Lucy; Giner-Galvañ, Vicente; Solís-Marquínez, Marta Nataya; Boixeda, Ramon; de la Peña-Fernández, Andrés; Carrasco-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; González-Moraleja, Julio; Torres-Peña, José David; Guisado-Espartero, María Esther; Escobar-Sevilla, Joaquín; Guzmán-García, Marcos; Martín-Escalante, María Dolores; Martínez-González, Ángel Luis; Casas-Rojo, José Manuel; Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo title: Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103136 sha: doc_id: 281039 cord_uid: a7q5nzwn file: cache/cord-281175-og3myz22.json key: cord-281175-og3myz22 authors: Tapper, Elliot B.; Asrani, Sumeet K. title: The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 281175 cord_uid: og3myz22 file: cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.json key: cord-281102-ohbm78it authors: Gutzeit, Andreas; Li, Qiubai; Matoori, Simon; Li, Basen; Wang, Liang title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06841-6 sha: doc_id: 281102 cord_uid: ohbm78it file: cache/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.json key: cord-281193-sb7kgu24 authors: Yang, Hai-Jun; Zhang, Yan-Mei; Yang, Min; Huang, Xing title: Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-08-03 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02439-2020 sha: doc_id: 281193 cord_uid: sb7kgu24 file: cache/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.json key: cord-281185-myfuzsh7 authors: Yan, Bin; Ni, Guohui; Huang, Yeen title: China’s experience on mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102205 sha: doc_id: 281185 cord_uid: myfuzsh7 file: cache/cord-281090-v3icun6z.json key: cord-281090-v3icun6z authors: Kozlowski, Hannah N.; Farkouh, Michael E.; Irwin, Meredith S.; Radvanyi, Laszlo G.; Schimmer, Aaron D.; Tabori, Uri; Rosenblum, Norman D. title: COVID‐19: A Pandemic Experience that Illuminates Potential Reforms to Health Research date: 2020-09-30 journal: EMBO Mol Med DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013278 sha: doc_id: 281090 cord_uid: v3icun6z file: cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.json key: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp authors: Izzetti, Rossana; Gennai, Stefano; Nisi, Marco; Barone, Antonio; Giuca, Maria Rita; Gabriele, Mario; Graziani, Filippo title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13606 sha: doc_id: 281099 cord_uid: l2i7r1bp file: cache/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.json key: cord-281283-h6yai7sx authors: Ma, Jun; Zhong, Hao; Jiang, Min; Zeng, Kuan; Zhong, Baoliang; Liu, Lianzhong; Liu, Xuebing title: Emergency response strategy for containing COVID-19 within a psychiatric specialty hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-08-04 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00959-3 sha: doc_id: 281283 cord_uid: h6yai7sx file: cache/cord-281248-z2gisufl.json key: cord-281248-z2gisufl authors: Buonsenso, Danilo; Valentini, Piero; Moscato, Umberto; Ricciardi, Walter; Roland, Damian title: A Pediatric Strategy for the Next Phase of the SARS–CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.582798 sha: doc_id: 281248 cord_uid: z2gisufl file: cache/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.json key: cord-281276-rffp6qe2 authors: Rhazi, Karima El; Adarmouch, Latifa title: Ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription for Covid-19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100547 sha: doc_id: 281276 cord_uid: rffp6qe2 file: cache/cord-281121-pleula62.json key: cord-281121-pleula62 authors: Ameer, Nasir; Shekhda, Kalyan Mansukhbhai; Cheesman, Ann title: Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-14 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236978 sha: doc_id: 281121 cord_uid: pleula62 file: cache/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.json key: cord-281106-vzb5xzza authors: Zerwes, S.; Steinbauer, M.; Gosslau, Y.; Warm, T.; Hyhlik-Dürr, A. title: COVID-19-Infektion – Risiko für thrombembolische Komplikationen date: 2020-09-01 journal: Gefasschirurgie DOI: 10.1007/s00772-020-00687-4 sha: doc_id: 281106 cord_uid: vzb5xzza file: cache/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.json key: cord-281209-gm3aaofn authors: Seiler, Pascal title: Weighting bias and inflation in the time of COVID-19: evidence from Swiss transaction data date: 2020-09-16 journal: Swiss J Econ Stat DOI: 10.1186/s41937-020-00057-7 sha: doc_id: 281209 cord_uid: gm3aaofn file: cache/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.json key: cord-281448-e1zgqqqu authors: Billah, M. A.; Miah, M. M.; Khan, M. N. title: Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111021 sha: doc_id: 281448 cord_uid: e1zgqqqu file: cache/cord-281194-yafwcway.json key: cord-281194-yafwcway authors: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Janati, Ali; Gholizadeh, Masoumeh title: Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of response strategies so far? date: 2020-05-13 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.231 sha: doc_id: 281194 cord_uid: yafwcway file: cache/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.json key: cord-281268-8yoxgmeb authors: López-Bueno, Rubén; Calatayud, Joaquín; Ezzatvar, Yasmin; Casajús, José A.; Smith, Lee; Andersen, Lars L.; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F. title: Association Between Current Physical Activity and Current Perceived Anxiety and Mood in the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-07-23 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00729 sha: doc_id: 281268 cord_uid: 8yoxgmeb file: cache/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.json key: cord-281376-1xdj06m7 authors: Cirilo, E. R.; Candezano, M.; Natti, P.; Romeiro, N.; Polo, J. title: One Study of COVID-19 Spreading at The United States - Brazil - Colombia date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 sha: doc_id: 281376 cord_uid: 1xdj06m7 file: cache/cord-281281-knelqmzx.json key: cord-281281-knelqmzx authors: Villas-Boas, Gustavo R.; Rescia, Vanessa C.; Paes, Marina M.; Lavorato, Stefânia N.; de Magalhães-Filho, Manoel F.; Cunha, Mila S.; Simões, Rafael da C.; de Lacerda, Roseli B.; de Freitas-Júnior, Renilson S.; Ramos, Bruno H. da S.; Mapeli, Ana M.; Henriques, Matheus da S. T.; de Freitas, William R.; Lopes, Luiz A. F.; Oliveira, Luiz G. R.; da Silva, Jonatas G.; Silva-Filho, Saulo E.; da Silveira, Ana P. S.; Leão, Katyuscya V.; Matos, Maria M. de S.; Fernandes, Jamille S.; Cuman, Roberto K. N.; Silva-Comar, Francielli M. de S.; Comar, Jurandir F.; Brasileiro, Luana do A.; dos Santos, Jussileide N.; Oesterreich, Silvia A. title: The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents date: 2020-09-07 journal: Molecules DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184086 sha: doc_id: 281281 cord_uid: knelqmzx file: cache/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.json key: cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 authors: Chen, Yifei; Zhao, Meizhen; Wu, Yifan; Zang, Shuang title: Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-24 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh-10-011004 sha: doc_id: 281406 cord_uid: d7g0pbj4 file: cache/cord-281361-tye5pev7.json key: cord-281361-tye5pev7 authors: Trapani, G.; Fanos, V.; Bertino, E.; Maiocco, G.; Al Jamal, O.; Fiore, M.; Bembo, V.; Careddu, D.; Barberio, L.; Zanino, L.; Verlato, G. title: Children with COVID-19 like symptoms in Italian Pediatric Surgeries: the dark side of the coin date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 sha: doc_id: 281361 cord_uid: tye5pev7 file: cache/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.json key: cord-281400-ho2m7nqn authors: Nguyen, Van Thu; Rivière, Philippe; Ripoll, Pierre; Barnier, Julien; Vuillemot, Romain; Ferrand, Gabriel; Cohen-Boulkia, Sarah; Ravaud, Philippe; Boutron, Isabelle; Alawadhi, Solaf; Amer-Yahia, Sihem; Ávila, Camila; Bafeta, Aïda; Baudry, Julia; Bollig, Claudia; Bonnet, Hillary; Bouet, Marinette; Cabanac, Guillaume; Chaimani, Anna; Chavalarias, David; Chen, Yaolong; Chevance, Astrid; Cohen-Boulakia, Sarah; Coquery, Emmanuel; Conil, Francoise; Davidson, Mauricia; De Nale, Laura; Devane, Declan; Diard, Elise; Doreau, Bastien; Evrenoglou, Theodoros; Fabri, Alice; Feron, Gilles; Fezeu, Leopold; Fouet, Mathilde; El Chall, Lina Ghosn; Graña, Carolina; Grasselli, Giacomo; Grolleau, François; Hacid, Mohand-Said; Haddy, Loubna; Hansen, Camilla; Hohlfeld, Ameer; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn; Julia, Chantal; Mavridis, Dimitris; Meerpohl, Joerg J.; Meyer, Brice; Naidoo, Nivantha; Thu, Van Nguyen; Oikonomidi, Theodora; Pienaar, Elizabeth; Quirke, Fiona; Rada, Gabriel; Riveros, Carolina; Sauvant, Marie; Schmucker, Christine; Toumani, Farouk; Tovey, David; Xia, Jun; Yu, Xuan; Zoletic, Emina; Zweigenbaum, Pierre title: Research response to COVID-19 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Clin Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.010 sha: doc_id: 281400 cord_uid: ho2m7nqn file: cache/cord-281411-la8njxc1.json key: cord-281411-la8njxc1 authors: García-Fernández, Amaya; Ramos-Ruiz, Pablo; Ibáñez-Criado, Alicia; Moreno-Pérez, Óscar; Cambra-Poveda, Cristina; Martínez-Martínez, Juan Gabriel title: Utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 281411 cord_uid: la8njxc1 file: cache/cord-281285-5g1rw202.json key: cord-281285-5g1rw202 authors: Simonis, Alexander; Theobald, Sebastian J; Fätkenheuer, Gerd; Rybniker, Jan; Malin, Jakob J title: A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-11-03 journal: EMBO Mol Med DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013105 sha: doc_id: 281285 cord_uid: 5g1rw202 file: cache/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.json key: cord-281500-5mm1nnwv authors: Spadera, Lucrezia; Viola, Pasquale; Pisani, Davide; Scarpa, Alfonso; Malanga, Donatella; Sorrentino, Gerardo; Madini, Enrico; Laria, Carla; Aragona, Teodoro; Leopardi, Gianluca; Maggiore, Giandomenico; Ciriolo, Marco; Boccuto, Luigi; Pizzolato, Raffaella; Abenavoli, Ludovico; Cassandro, Claudia; Ralli, Massimo; Cassandro, Ettore; Chiarella, Giuseppe title: Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey date: 2020-08-04 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06252-9 sha: doc_id: 281500 cord_uid: 5mm1nnwv file: cache/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.json key: cord-281551-0aj2zwx8 authors: Schlagenhauf, Patricia; Grobusch, Martin P.; Maier, Julian D.; Gautret, Philippe title: Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101658 sha: doc_id: 281551 cord_uid: 0aj2zwx8 file: cache/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.json key: cord-281501-ca9oxl7f authors: Khan, Shumayila; Gomes, James title: Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-07-30 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.59136 sha: doc_id: 281501 cord_uid: ca9oxl7f file: cache/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.json key: cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 authors: Leverenz, David L; Tarrant, Teresa K title: Is the HScore useful in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-05 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31057-6 sha: doc_id: 281397 cord_uid: w7ne9mj5 file: cache/cord-281619-fhyamruq.json key: cord-281619-fhyamruq authors: Burlacu, Alexandru; Genovesi, Simonetta; Popa, Iolanda Valentina; Crisan-Dabija, Radu title: Unpuzzling COVID-19 Prothrombotic State: Are Preexisting Thrombophilic Risk Profiles Responsible for Heterogenous Thrombotic Events? date: 2020-08-25 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620952884 sha: doc_id: 281619 cord_uid: fhyamruq file: cache/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.json key: cord-281763-8eh5j5t7 authors: Levin, Amanda B.; Bernier, Meghan L.; Riggs, Becky J.; Zero, Stephanie D.; Johnson, Emily D.; Brant, Katelyn N.; Dwyer, Joe G.; Potter, Caroline J.; Pustavoitau, Aliaksei; Lentz, Thomas A.; Warren, Emily H.; Milstone, Aaron M.; Schwartz, Jamie McElrath title: Transforming a PICU Into an Adult ICU During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Meeting Multiple Needs date: 2020-09-15 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000201 sha: doc_id: 281763 cord_uid: 8eh5j5t7 file: cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.json key: cord-281391-0qkku2jd authors: Miller-Handley, Hilary; Luckett, Keith; Govil, Amit title: Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date: 2020-09-17 journal: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 281391 cord_uid: 0qkku2jd file: cache/cord-281508-zl2url8z.json key: cord-281508-zl2url8z authors: Pearce, N.; Moirano, G.; Maule, M.; Kogevinas, M.; Rodo, X.; Lawlor, D.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.; Polack, F. P.; Custovic, A. title: Is death from Covid-19 a multistep process? date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20116608 sha: doc_id: 281508 cord_uid: zl2url8z file: cache/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.json key: cord-281733-bsq0ewac authors: Veyseh, Maedeh; Pophali, Prateek; Jayarangaiah, Apoorva; Kumar, Abhishek title: Left gonadal vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-07 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236786 sha: doc_id: 281733 cord_uid: bsq0ewac file: cache/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.json key: cord-281804-lhnw8jx5 authors: Sonis, Jonathan D.; Kennedy, Maura; Aaronson, Emily L.; Baugh, Joshua J.; Raja, Ali S.; Yun, Bryan J.; White, Benjamin A. title: Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion date: 2020-04-24 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47596 sha: doc_id: 281804 cord_uid: lhnw8jx5 file: cache/cord-281603-3308f8hm.json key: cord-281603-3308f8hm authors: Souza, William Marciel de; Buss, Lewis Fletcher; da Silva Candido, Darlan; Carrera, Jean Paul; Li, Sabrina; Zarebski, Alexander; Vincenti-Gonzalez, Maria; Messina, Janey; Sales, Flavia Cristina da Silva; Andrade, Pamela dos Santos; Prete, Carlos A; Nascimento, Vitor Heloiz; Ghilardi, Fabio; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Santos, Andreza Aruska de Souza; Abade, Leandro; Gutierrez, Bernardo; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Aguiar, Renato Santana; Alexander, Neal; Mayaud, Philippe; Brady, Oliver J; Souza, Izabel Oliva Marcilio de; Gouveia, Nelson; Li, Guangdi; Tami, Adriana; Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa; Porto, Victor Bertollo Gomes; Ganem, Fabiana; Almeida, Walquiria Ferreira; Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti; Macario, Eduardo Marques; Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber; Pybus, Oliver; Wu, Chieh-Hsi; Croda, Julio; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira; Faria, Nuno R. title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 sha: doc_id: 281603 cord_uid: 3308f8hm file: cache/cord-281875-lq015thu.json key: cord-281875-lq015thu authors: Daneshjou, Roxana; Rana, Jasmine; Dickman, Meghan; Yost, John Montgomery; Chiou, Albert; Ko, Justin title: Pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19 in Skin of Color date: 2020-07-12 journal: JAAD Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 281875 cord_uid: lq015thu file: cache/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.json key: cord-281656-8anh8rhm authors: Pata, Francesco; Cuccurullo, Diego; Khan, Mansoor; Carcano, Giulio; Di Saverio, Salomone title: Authors' response: Laparoscopy and COVID-19: An off-key song? date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002842 sha: doc_id: 281656 cord_uid: 8anh8rhm file: cache/cord-281887-b511bjdy.json key: cord-281887-b511bjdy authors: Ribeiro, Reitan; Wainstein, Alberto Julius Alves; de Castro Ribeiro, Heber Salvador; Pinheiro, Rodrigo Nascimento; Oliveira, Alexandre Ferreira title: Perioperative Cancer Care in the Context of Limited Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology Recommendations date: 2020-09-26 journal: Ann Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09098-x sha: doc_id: 281887 cord_uid: b511bjdy file: cache/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.json key: cord-281944-5rh0v96j authors: Hajure, Mohammedamin; Tariku, Mandaras; Mohammedhussein, Mustefa; Dule, Aman title: Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Chronic Medical Patients Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-28 journal: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s281995 sha: doc_id: 281944 cord_uid: 5rh0v96j file: cache/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.json key: cord-281870-ax5s2i6t authors: Goerlich, Erin; Gilotra, Nisha A.; Minhas, Anum S.; Bavaro, Nicole; Hays, Allison G.; Cingolani, Oscar H. title: Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Card Fail DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.469 sha: doc_id: 281870 cord_uid: ax5s2i6t file: cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.json key: cord-281561-r10y2sgb authors: Tiwari, Nidhi; Upadhyay, Jyoti; Nazam Ansari, Mohd; Joshi, Rohit title: Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date: 2020-08-27 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 281561 cord_uid: r10y2sgb file: cache/cord-281638-qw5szvop.json key: cord-281638-qw5szvop authors: Al-Tammemi, A. B.; Akour, A.; Alfalah, L. title: Is it Just About Physical Health? An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102343 sha: doc_id: 281638 cord_uid: qw5szvop file: cache/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.json key: cord-281487-x0a9qgjs authors: Kim, Min Young; Brennan, Daniel C.; Shah, Pali title: General Approach to the Clinical Care of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 Infection: Management for Transplant Recipients date: 2020-10-29 journal: Curr Transplant Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40472-020-00305-y sha: doc_id: 281487 cord_uid: x0a9qgjs file: cache/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.json key: cord-281922-lr3wbt21 authors: Padley, Roxanne H.; Pace, Bruno Di title: COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The Revolution of Virtual Teaching date: 2020-08-29 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.075 sha: doc_id: 281922 cord_uid: lr3wbt21 file: cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.json key: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n authors: Ronquillo, Jay G; Lester, William T; Zuckerman, Diana M title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa081 sha: doc_id: 281713 cord_uid: 3iu8qx7n file: cache/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.json key: cord-281990-x5nql0cw authors: Liu, Y.; Steinacker, J. M.; Haeussinger, L.; Dinse-Lambracht, A. title: Association between epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection and ABO blood group types date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 sha: doc_id: 281990 cord_uid: x5nql0cw file: cache/cord-282026-839jc5wp.json key: cord-282026-839jc5wp authors: Tsui, Ban C. H.; Deng, Aaron; Pan, Stephanie title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiological Factors During Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures date: 2020-06-16 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005063 sha: doc_id: 282026 cord_uid: 839jc5wp file: cache/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.json key: cord-282085-r3w90vg8 authors: Epperly, D. E.; Caney, D. N. title: COVID-19 Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, And Severity : A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.03.20206110 sha: doc_id: 282085 cord_uid: r3w90vg8 file: cache/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.json key: cord-281891-qucjw8q1 authors: Liu, Yu; Jiang, Tong-tong; Shi, Tie-ying; Liu, Yong-ning; Liu, Xiu-mei; Xu, Guo-jun; Li, Fang-lin; Wang, Yue-liang; Wu, Xiao-yu title: The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study date: 2020-10-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100026 sha: doc_id: 281891 cord_uid: qucjw8q1 file: cache/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.json key: cord-282043-cs1oyohu authors: Giustino, Gennaro; Pinney, Sean P.; Lala, Anuradha; Reddy, Vivek Y.; Johnston-Cox, Hillary A.; Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Fuster, Valentin title: Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia: JACC Focus Seminar date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.059 sha: doc_id: 282043 cord_uid: cs1oyohu file: cache/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.json key: cord-281686-edpyn8fd authors: Dalamaga, Maria; Karampela, Irene; Mantzoros, Christos S. title: 19 treatment regimens? date: 2020-05-08 journal: Metabolism DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260 sha: doc_id: 281686 cord_uid: edpyn8fd file: cache/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.json key: cord-281945-jvnjzjds authors: Radnis, Caitlin; Qiu, Sunny; Jhaveri, Miral; DaSilva, Ivan; Szewka, Aimee; Koffman, Lauren title: Radiographic and clinical neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 related hypoxemia date: 2020-09-06 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117119 sha: doc_id: 281945 cord_uid: jvnjzjds file: cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.json key: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 authors: Yu, Yuanqiang; Chen, Pingyang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00287 sha: doc_id: 282058 cord_uid: it0ojdk3 file: cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.json key: cord-282131-wap7lo05 authors: Chen, Haixia; Ai, Li; Lu, Hong; Li, Hongjun title: Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Radiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 282131 cord_uid: wap7lo05 file: cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.json key: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc authors: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos; Sánchez-Núñez, Pablo; Peláez, José Ignacio title: Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date: 2020-07-31 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155542 sha: doc_id: 281961 cord_uid: 5mdiwzvc file: cache/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.json key: cord-282097-a1pwq4fi authors: Hoertel, N.; Sanchez, M.; Vernet, R.; Beeker, N.; Neuraz, A.; Alvarado, J.; Daniel, C.; Paris, N.; Gramfort, A.; Lemaitre, G.; Salamanca, E.; Bernaux, M.; Bellamine, A.; Burgun, A.; Limosin, F. title: Dexamethasone use and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.23.20218172 sha: doc_id: 282097 cord_uid: a1pwq4fi file: cache/cord-282009-a83mun7u.json key: cord-282009-a83mun7u authors: Pundir, Hemlata; Joshi, Tanuja; Joshi, Tushar; Sharma, Priyanka; Mathpal, Shalini; Chandra, Subhash; Tamta, Sushma title: Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to study pharmacophore-based virtual screening of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors date: 2020-10-20 journal: Mol Divers DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10148-5 sha: doc_id: 282009 cord_uid: a83mun7u file: cache/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.json key: cord-281948-xv7vuypd authors: Hoang, Ansel; Chorath, Kevin; Moreira, Axel; Evans, Mary; Burmeister-Morton, Finn; Burmeister, Fiona; Naqvi, Rija; Petershack, Matthew; Moreira, Alvaro title: COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review date: 2020-06-26 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100433 sha: doc_id: 281948 cord_uid: xv7vuypd file: cache/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.json key: cord-282095-cbfyydi3 authors: Pierron, Denis; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Mantel, Marylou; Moranges, Maëlle; Bignon, Emmanuelle; Alva, Omar; Kabous, Julie; Heiske, Margit; Pacalon, Jody; David, Renaud; Dinnella, Caterina; Spinelli, Sara; Monteleone, Erminio; Farruggia, Michael C.; Cooper, Keiland W.; Sell, Elizabeth A.; Thomas-Danguin, Thierry; Bakke, Alyssa J.; Parma, Valentina; Hayes, John E.; Letellier, Thierry; Ferdenzi, Camille; Golebiowski, Jérôme; Bensafi, Moustafa title: Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness date: 2020-10-14 journal: Nat Commun DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18963-y sha: doc_id: 282095 cord_uid: cbfyydi3 file: cache/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.json key: cord-282197-hkt7nktc authors: Frisullo, Giovanni; De Belvis, Antonio Giulio; Marca, Giacomo Della; Angioletti, Carmen; Calabresi, Paolo title: Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04480-9 sha: doc_id: 282197 cord_uid: hkt7nktc file: cache/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.json key: cord-282219-7kzbnymp authors: Wu, Liu; Dong, Yuting; Li, Jin; Huang, Ju; Wen, Dengpeng; Peng, Tao; Luo, Jian title: The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol date: 2020-06-05 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020529 sha: doc_id: 282219 cord_uid: 7kzbnymp file: cache/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.json key: cord-282142-76jr4p7n authors: Wang, Yun; Wang, Yiliang; Han, Xiaoxue; Ye, Jiazhuo; Li, Ruiman title: Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS date: 2020-08-07 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00511 sha: doc_id: 282142 cord_uid: 76jr4p7n file: cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.json key: cord-282202-q2q4vies authors: Banerjee, Amitava; Katsoulis, Michail; Lai, Alvina G.; Pasea, Laura; Treibel, Thomas A.; Manisty, Charlotte; Denaxas, Spiros; Quarta, Giovanni; Hemingway, Harry; Cavalcante, João L.; Noursadeghi, Mahdad; Moon, James C. title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 sha: doc_id: 282202 cord_uid: q2q4vies file: cache/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.json key: cord-282198-ugmv9om1 authors: Pare, Joseph R.; Camelo, Ingrid; Mayo, Kelly C.; Leo, Megan M.; Dugas, Julianne N.; Nelson, Kerrie P.; Baker, William E.; Shareef, Faizah; Mitchell, Patricia M.; Schechter-Perkins, Elissa M. title: Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound Is More Sensitive than Chest Radiograph for Evaluation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47743 sha: doc_id: 282198 cord_uid: ugmv9om1 file: cache/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.json key: cord-282256-lqmixm7s authors: Tsioufis, Costas; Dimitriadis, Kyriakos; Tousoulis, Dimitrios title: The interplay of Hypertension, ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2: Emerging data as the “Ariadne’s thread” for the “labyrinth” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: Hellenic J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 282256 cord_uid: lqmixm7s file: cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.json key: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 authors: Rhodus, Elizabeth K.; Bardach, Shoshana H.; Abner, Erin L.; Gibson, Allison; Jicha, Gregory A. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01705-x sha: doc_id: 282261 cord_uid: wcmc5mh6 file: cache/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.json key: cord-282312-h3h6vw5l authors: Greco, Antonio; Buccheri, Sergio; D’Arrigo, Paolo; Calderone, Dario; Agnello, Federica; Monte, Marco; Milluzzo, Rocco Paolo; Franchina, Antonio Gabriele; Ingala, Salvatore; Capodanno, Davide title: Outcomes of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-16 journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa074 sha: doc_id: 282312 cord_uid: h3h6vw5l file: cache/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.json key: cord-282183-k0pn0ie2 authors: Spiezia, Luca; Campello, Elena; Cola, Marco; Poletto, Francesco; Cerruti, Lorenzo; Poretto, Anna; Simion, Chiara; Cattelan, Annamaria; Vettor, Roberto; Simioni, Paolo title: More severe hypercoagulable state in acute COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to other pneumonia. date: 2020-10-01 journal: Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 282183 cord_uid: k0pn0ie2 file: cache/cord-282355-urys21ry.json key: cord-282355-urys21ry authors: Ortega-Quijano, Daniel; Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan; Burgos-Blasco, Patricia; Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia; Fernandez-Nieto, Diego title: Reply to “Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients”: discussing specificity date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.156 sha: doc_id: 282355 cord_uid: urys21ry file: cache/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.json key: cord-282430-u5ukqc5z authors: Fenton, Mark E.; Wasko, Kevin; Behl, Vern; Froh, John; Schmalenberg, Michelle title: An Expanded COVID-19 Telemedicine Intermediate Care Model Using Repurposed Hotel Rooms date: 2020-10-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2902le sha: doc_id: 282430 cord_uid: u5ukqc5z file: cache/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.json key: cord-282268-f7mbdfr6 authors: Cartenì, Armando; Di Francesco, Luigi; Martino, Maria title: How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study date: 2020-06-24 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489 sha: doc_id: 282268 cord_uid: f7mbdfr6 file: cache/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.json key: cord-282339-a1ln2v2p authors: Pinto, Daniel; Schmitt, Fernando title: The role of breast FNA during and post‐ COVID‐19 pandemic: a fast and safe alternative to needle core biopsy date: 2020-07-23 journal: Cytopathology DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12894 sha: doc_id: 282339 cord_uid: a1ln2v2p file: cache/cord-282361-gje78nb1.json key: cord-282361-gje78nb1 authors: Gökce, Mehmet İlker; Yin, Shanfeng; Sönmez, Mehmet Giray; Eryildirim, Bilal; Kallidonis, Panagiotis; Petkova, Kremena; Guven, Selcuk; Kiremit, Murat Can; de Lorenzis, Elisa; Tefik, Tzevat; Villa, Luca; Zeng, Guohua; Sarica, Kemal title: How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE–IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study date: 2020-05-20 journal: Urolithiasis DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01193-8 sha: doc_id: 282361 cord_uid: gje78nb1 file: cache/cord-282409-gnphco0f.json key: cord-282409-gnphco0f authors: Ozaras, Resat; Arslan, Ozgur; Cirpin, Rasim; Duman, Habibe title: Coinfections among COVID-19 patients: A Need for Combination Therapy? date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 282409 cord_uid: gnphco0f file: cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.json key: cord-282499-baia5prj authors: Lei, Pinggui; Fan, Bing; Yuan, Yingnan title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.014 sha: doc_id: 282499 cord_uid: baia5prj file: cache/cord-282371-39qo9afy.json key: cord-282371-39qo9afy authors: Khulood, Daulat; Adil, Mir Shoebulla; Sultana, Ruqiya; Nimra, title: Convalescent plasma appears efficacious and safe in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Ther Adv Infect Dis DOI: 10.1177/2049936120957931 sha: doc_id: 282371 cord_uid: 39qo9afy file: cache/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.json key: cord-282458-5v9k4yyj authors: Balakrishnan, Vijayakumar; Lakshminarayanan, Karthik title: Screening of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Pept Res Ther DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10115-6 sha: doc_id: 282458 cord_uid: 5v9k4yyj file: cache/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.json key: cord-282535-gnuhjs32 authors: Cook, Gordon; Ashcroft, A John; Pratt, Guy; Popat, Rakesh; Ramasamy, Karthik; Kaiser, Martin; Jenner, Matthew; Henshaw, Sarah; Hall, Rachel; Sive, Jonathan; Stern, Simon; Streetly, Matthew; Bygrave, Ceri; Soutar, Richard; Rabin, Neil; Jackson, Graham H title: Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. date: 2020-05-21 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16874 sha: doc_id: 282535 cord_uid: gnuhjs32 file: cache/cord-282402-1skkjes1.json key: cord-282402-1skkjes1 authors: Blumenthal-Barby, Jennifer; Ubel, Peter title: Payment of COVID-19 challenge trials: underpayment is a bigger worry than overpayment date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106901 sha: doc_id: 282402 cord_uid: 1skkjes1 file: cache/cord-282571-ilf73g71.json key: cord-282571-ilf73g71 authors: Ni, Wentao; Yang, Xiuwen; Yang, Deqing; Bao, Jing; Li, Ran; Xiao, Yongjiu; Hou, Chang; Wang, Haibin; Liu, Jie; Yang, Donghong; Xu, Yu; Cao, Zhaolong; Gao, Zhancheng title: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0 sha: doc_id: 282571 cord_uid: ilf73g71 file: cache/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.json key: cord-282411-n5xlpqms authors: Wang, Huali; Li, Tao; Barbarino, Paola; Gauthier, Serge; Brodaty, Henry; Molinuevo, José Luis; Xie, Hengge; Sun, Yongan; Yu, Enyan; Tang, Yanqing; Weidner, Wendy; Yu, Xin title: Dementia care during COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30755-8 sha: doc_id: 282411 cord_uid: n5xlpqms file: cache/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.json key: cord-282416-5x3lyuuf authors: Adams, Hugo J.A.; Kwee, Thomas C.; Yakar, Derya; Hope, Michael D.; Kwee, Robert M. title: Chest CT imaging signature of COVID-19 infection: in pursuit of the scientific evidence date: 2020-06-25 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.025 sha: doc_id: 282416 cord_uid: 5x3lyuuf file: cache/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.json key: cord-282528-g1cpd2hg authors: Zobairy, H.; Shamsoddin, E.; Rasouli, M. A.; Veisi Khodlan, N.; Moradi, G.; Zareie, B.; Teymori, S.; Asadi, J.; Sofi-Mahmudi, A.; Sedaghat, A. R. title: Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan date: 2020-07-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.26.20158550 sha: doc_id: 282528 cord_uid: g1cpd2hg file: cache/cord-282504-m3npy0om.json key: cord-282504-m3npy0om authors: Kastritis, Efstathios; Wechalekar, Ashutosh; Schönland, Stefan; Sanchorawala, Vaishali; Merlini, Giampaolo; Palladini, Giovanni; Minnema, Monique; Roussel, Murielle; Jaccard, Arnaud; Hegenbart, Ute; Kumar, Shaji; Cibeira, Maria Teresa; Blade, Joan; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. title: Challenges in the Management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16898 sha: doc_id: 282504 cord_uid: m3npy0om file: cache/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.json key: cord-282384-qbcqbhk4 authors: Savastano, Alfonso; Crincoli, Emanuele; Savastano, Maria Cristina; Younis, Saad; Gambini, Gloria; De Vico, Umberto; Cozzupoli, Grazia Maria; Culiersi, Carola; Rizzo, Stanislao title: Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-08 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092895 sha: doc_id: 282384 cord_uid: qbcqbhk4 file: cache/cord-282572-j14izwxd.json key: cord-282572-j14izwxd authors: Tasnim, S.; Rahman, M.; Pawar, P.; Chi, X.; Yu, Q.; Zou, L.; Sultana, A.; McKyer, E. L. J.; Ma, P.; Hossain, M. M. title: Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review date: 2020-10-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209148 sha: doc_id: 282572 cord_uid: j14izwxd file: cache/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.json key: cord-282633-q7egnpaq authors: Singh, Ashish Kumar; Agrawal, Bharti; Sharma, Anukriti; Sharma, Prayas title: COVID‐19: Assessment of knowledge and awareness in Indian society date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2354 sha: doc_id: 282633 cord_uid: q7egnpaq file: cache/cord-282598-ghh16h43.json key: cord-282598-ghh16h43 authors: Dattilo, Wesley; Silva, Alcides Castro e; Guevara, Roger; MacGregor-Fors, Ian; Ribeiro, Servio Pontes title: COVID-19 most vulnerable Mexican cities lack the public health infrastructure to face the pandemic: a new temporally-explicit model date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061192 sha: doc_id: 282598 cord_uid: ghh16h43 file: cache/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.json key: cord-282460-z7g3uikr authors: Guillo, Enora; Bedmar Gomez, Ines; Dangeard, Severine; Bennani, Souhail; Saab, Ines; Tordjman, Mickael; Jilet, Lea; Chassagnon, Guillaume; Revel, Marie-Pierre title: COVID-19 pneumonia: Diagnostic and prognostic role of CT based on a retrospective analysis of 214 consecutive patients from Paris, France date: 2020-08-08 journal: Eur J Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109209 sha: doc_id: 282460 cord_uid: z7g3uikr file: cache/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.json key: cord-282704-qg2o0ug4 authors: Li, Xun; Wang, Luwen; Yan, Shaonan; Yang, Fan; Xiang, Longkui; Zhu, Jiling; Shen, Bo; Gong, Zuojiong title: Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.19.20025239 sha: doc_id: 282704 cord_uid: qg2o0ug4 file: cache/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.json key: cord-282699-tuas2tgd authors: LIU, Wei-hong; GUO, Sheng-nan; WANG, Fang; HAO, Yang title: Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM date: 2020-03-17 journal: World J Acupunct Moxibustion DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005 sha: doc_id: 282699 cord_uid: tuas2tgd file: cache/cord-282526-b8tky324.json key: cord-282526-b8tky324 authors: Berger Gillam, T.; Cole, J.; Gharbi, K.; Hitchcock, M.; Edwards, D.; Brabbs, T.; Lipscombe, J.; Davidson, R.; Rushworth, S. A.; Steel, N. title: Norwich COVID-19 Testing Initiative: feasibility project evaluation date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455 sha: doc_id: 282526 cord_uid: b8tky324 file: cache/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.json key: cord-282513-hbqo5ylv authors: Park, Hyunbong; Yu, Soyoung title: Mental Healthcare Policies in South Korea during the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-06-16 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 282513 cord_uid: hbqo5ylv file: cache/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.json key: cord-282620-nv2tg68j authors: Hinz, S.; Basam, M. M.; Aguilera, K. Y.; LaBarge, M. title: Internet-based tool for visualizing county and state level COVID-19 trends in the United States. date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20095851 sha: doc_id: 282620 cord_uid: nv2tg68j file: cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.json key: cord-282530-55lhjfm8 authors: Carsana, Luca; Sonzogni, Aurelio; Nasr, Ahmed; Rossi, Roberta Simona; Pellegrinelli, Alessandro; Zerbi, Pietro; Rech, Roberto; Colombo, Riccardo; Antinori, Spinello; Corbellino, Mario; Galli, Massimo; Catena, Emanuele; Tosoni, Antonella; Gianatti, Andrea; Nebuloni, Manuela title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date: 2020-06-08 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30434-5 sha: doc_id: 282530 cord_uid: 55lhjfm8 file: cache/cord-282660-9x937eus.json key: cord-282660-9x937eus authors: Muñoz Vives, Josep Maria; Jornet-Gibert, Montsant; Cámara-Cabrera, J.; Esteban, Pedro L.; Brunet, Laia; Delgado-Flores, Luis; Camacho-Carrasco, P.; Torner, P.; Marcano-Fernández, Francesc title: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00686 sha: doc_id: 282660 cord_uid: 9x937eus file: cache/cord-282730-pawasfh4.json key: cord-282730-pawasfh4 authors: Contreras, Carlo M.; Metzger, Gregory A.; Beane, Joal D.; Dedhia, Priya H.; Ejaz, Aslam; Pawlik, Timothy M. title: Telemedicine: Patient-Provider Clinical Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Gastrointest Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04623-5 sha: doc_id: 282730 cord_uid: pawasfh4 file: cache/cord-282589-xof56j98.json key: cord-282589-xof56j98 authors: Lopes, M. I. F.; Bonjorno, L. P.; Giannini, M. C.; Amaral, N. B.; Benatti, M. N.; Rezek, U. C.; Emrich-Filho, L. L.; Sousa, B. A.; Almeida, S. C.; Luppino-Assad, R.; Veras, F. P.; Schneider, A.; Rodrigues, T. S.; Leiria, L. O.; Cunha, L. D.; Alves-Filho, J. C.; Cunha, T. M.; Neto, E. A.; Miranda, C. H.; Pazin-Filho, A.; Martins, M. A.; Borges, M. C.; Fonseca, B. A.; Bollela, V. R.; Cunha, F. Q.; Zamboni, D. S.; Santana, R. C.; Vilar, F. C.; Louzada-Junior, P.; Oliveira, R. D. R. title: Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial date: 2020-08-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.06.20169573 sha: doc_id: 282589 cord_uid: xof56j98 file: cache/cord-282687-483ojkbb.json key: cord-282687-483ojkbb authors: Purcino, Flávia Abranches Corsetti; Ruiz, Carlos Alberto; Sorpreso, Isabel C.E.; Costa, Ana Maria Massad; Soares-Júnior, José Maria; Baracat, Edmund Chada; Filassi, José Roberto title: Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment date: 2020-06-24 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2097 sha: doc_id: 282687 cord_uid: 483ojkbb file: cache/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.json key: cord-282675-s4zmffj3 authors: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis; Kamissoko, Aliou; Yattassaye, Adam; Diallo, Fodié; Rojas Castro, Daniela; Delabre, Rosemary; Pouradier, Fabrice; Maradan, Gwenaëlle; Bourrelly, Michel; Cissé, Mamadou; Vidal, Laurent; Dembélé Keïta, Bintou; Spire, Bruno title: Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali date: 2020-10-15 journal: Health Policy Open DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100017 sha: doc_id: 282675 cord_uid: s4zmffj3 file: cache/cord-282732-qym6wji7.json key: cord-282732-qym6wji7 authors: McLaughlin, Katie-May; Bechtel, Marco; Bojkova, Denisa; Münch, Christian; Ciesek, Sandra; Wass, Mark N.; Michaelis, Martin; Cinatl, Jindrich title: COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy—Is Transferrin a Missing Link? date: 2020-07-30 journal: Diagnostics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080539 sha: doc_id: 282732 cord_uid: qym6wji7 file: cache/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.json key: cord-282736-1sc19r5m authors: Marengoni, Alessandra; Zucchelli, Alberto; Grande, Giulia; Fratiglioni, Laura; Rizzuto, Debora title: The impact of delirium on outcomes for older adults hospitalised with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa189 sha: doc_id: 282736 cord_uid: 1sc19r5m file: cache/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.json key: cord-282737-xa4ct4lf authors: Müller, Simon M.; Mueller, Georg F.; Navarini, Alexander A.; Brandt, Oliver title: National Publication Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Preliminary Exploratory Analysis of the 30 Countries Most Affected date: 2020-09-05 journal: Biology (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/biology9090271 sha: doc_id: 282737 cord_uid: xa4ct4lf file: cache/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.json key: cord-282753-uw3r6q45 authors: Goldberg-Stein, Shlomit; Fink, Adam; Paroder, Viktoriya; Kobi, Mariya; Yee, Judy; Chernyak, Victoria title: Abdominopelvic CT findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 journal: Abdom Radiol (NY) DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02669-2 sha: doc_id: 282753 cord_uid: uw3r6q45 file: cache/cord-282780-34j7gquo.json key: cord-282780-34j7gquo authors: Lai, Kevin E.; Ko, Melissa W.; Rucker, Janet C.; Odel, Jeffrey G.; Sun, Linus D.; Winges, Kimberly M.; Ghosh, Arko; Bindiganavile, Shruthi Harish; Bhat, Nita; Wendt, Sydney P.; Scharf, Jackson M.; Dinkin, Marc J.; Rasool, Nailyn; Galetta, Steven L.; Lee, Andrew G. title: Tele-Neuro-Ophthalmology During the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Neuroophthalmol DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001024 sha: doc_id: 282780 cord_uid: 34j7gquo file: cache/cord-282862-kve6fa49.json key: cord-282862-kve6fa49 authors: Pastick, Katelyn A; Nicol, Melanie R; Smyth, Elizabeth; Zash, Rebecca; Boulware, David R; Rajasingham, Radha; McDonald, Emily G title: A Systematic Review of Treatment and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 – A Call for Clinical Trials date: 2020-08-13 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa350 sha: doc_id: 282862 cord_uid: kve6fa49 file: cache/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.json key: cord-282814-wnc9iql3 authors: Armstrong, A.; Jeevaratnam, J.; Murphy, G.; Pasha, M.; Tough, A.; Conway-Jones, R.; Mifsud, R.W.; Tucker, S. title: A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe date: 2020-04-21 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.03.027 sha: doc_id: 282814 cord_uid: wnc9iql3 file: cache/cord-282825-svgknqud.json key: cord-282825-svgknqud authors: Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere; Govindarajan, Raghav title: COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome date: 2020-06-02 journal: Journal of neuromuscular diseases DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200520 sha: doc_id: 282825 cord_uid: svgknqud file: cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.json key: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 authors: Moore, Jason H.; Barnett, Ian; Boland, Mary Regina; Chen, Yong; Demiris, George; Gonzalez-Hernandez, Graciela; Herman, Daniel S.; Himes, Blanca E.; Hubbard, Rebecca A.; Kim, Dokyoon; Morris, Jeffrey S.; Mowery, Danielle L.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Shen, Li; Urbanowicz, Ryan; Holmes, John H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 journal: BioData Min DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00213-y sha: doc_id: 282724 cord_uid: zzkqb0u2 file: cache/cord-282726-deisqgmw.json key: cord-282726-deisqgmw authors: Bashir, Mohamad; Moughal, Saad title: Cardiovascular Disease and Surgery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.479 sha: doc_id: 282726 cord_uid: deisqgmw file: cache/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.json key: cord-282867-kbyxdegu authors: Shah, Sayed Zulfiqar Ali; Nasb, Mohammad; Lu, Min; Huang, Liangjiang; Wang, Yizhao; Chen, Hong title: Scaling the Need, Benefits, and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Acute and Postacute Care Rehabilitation: A Review date: 2020-08-26 journal: Rehabil Res Pract DOI: 10.1155/2020/3642143 sha: doc_id: 282867 cord_uid: kbyxdegu file: cache/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.json key: cord-282925-efkb8hc7 authors: Braidotti, R. title: “We” Are In This Together, But We Are Not One and the Same date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10017-8 sha: doc_id: 282925 cord_uid: efkb8hc7 file: cache/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.json key: cord-282721-bxg9zqyu authors: Bandyopadhyay, G.; Meltzer, A. title: Let us unite against COVID-19 – a New Zealand perspective date: 2020-05-14 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.44 sha: doc_id: 282721 cord_uid: bxg9zqyu file: cache/cord-282899-kp114q7n.json key: cord-282899-kp114q7n authors: Biswas, Saurav; Thakur, Vikram; Kaur, Parneet; Khan, Azhar; Kulshrestha, Saurabh; Kumar, Pradeep title: Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery date: 2020-11-06 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110371 sha: doc_id: 282899 cord_uid: kp114q7n file: cache/cord-282927-jhma20de.json key: cord-282927-jhma20de authors: Mondal, Chittaranjan; Adak, Debadatta; Majumder, Abhijit; Bairagi, Nandadulal title: Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs date: 2020-09-28 journal: ISA Trans DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.09.015 sha: doc_id: 282927 cord_uid: jhma20de file: cache/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.json key: cord-282913-sw4enfkk authors: Jain, Parul; Thakur, Anup; Kler, Neelam; Garg, Pankaj title: Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers date: 2020-06-05 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03369-x sha: doc_id: 282913 cord_uid: sw4enfkk file: cache/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.json key: cord-282964-dmc8mlxu authors: Wathore, Roshan; Gupta, Ankit; Bherwani, Hemant; Labhasetwar, Nitin title: Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141486 sha: doc_id: 282964 cord_uid: dmc8mlxu file: cache/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.json key: cord-283059-lq0pqmcv authors: Schwarzkopf, Ran; Maher, Nolan A.; Slover, James D.; Strauss, Eric J.; Bosco, Joseph A.; Zuckerman, Joseph D. title: The Response of An Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.041 sha: doc_id: 283059 cord_uid: lq0pqmcv file: cache/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.json key: cord-282956-f7if9e5q authors: Yaghi, Shadi; Ishida, Koto; Torres, Jose; Mac Grory, Brian; Raz, Eytan; Humbert, Kelley; Henninger, Nils; Trivedi, Tushar; Lillemoe, Kaitlyn; Alam, Shazia; Sanger, Matthew; Kim, Sun; Scher, Erica; Dehkharghani, Seena; Wachs, Michael; Tanweer, Omar; Volpicelli, Frank; Bosworth, Brian; Lord, Aaron; Frontera, Jennifer title: SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-05-26 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030335 sha: doc_id: 282956 cord_uid: f7if9e5q file: cache/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.json key: cord-282990-qb4wk4yb authors: Chen, Zhuo; Sikorski, Timothy W title: Safety considerations in the bioanalytical laboratories handling specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-08-21 journal: Bioanalysis DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0185 sha: doc_id: 282990 cord_uid: qb4wk4yb file: cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.json key: cord-283048-hyjzofps authors: Steele, Edward J.; Qu, Jiangwen; Gorczynski, Reginald M.; Lindley, Robyn A.; Tokoro, Gensuke; Temple, Robert; Wickramasinghe, N. Chandra title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 journal: Adv Genet DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 283048 cord_uid: hyjzofps file: cache/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.json key: cord-283099-nhz3pye2 authors: Wang, Xue; Han, Jie; Lichtfouse, Eric title: Unprotected mothers and infants breastfeeding in public amenities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 journal: Environ Chem Lett DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-01054-1 sha: doc_id: 283099 cord_uid: nhz3pye2 file: cache/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.json key: cord-282982-dc5m81bx authors: Rouillard, Smita; Liu, Vincent X.; Corley, Douglas A. title: COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies date: 2020-05-18 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.047 sha: doc_id: 282982 cord_uid: dc5m81bx file: cache/cord-283037-hykf28oi.json key: cord-283037-hykf28oi authors: Ortmann, Regina; Pelster, Matthias; Wengerek, Sascha Tobias title: COVID-19 and investor behavior() date: 2020-08-08 journal: Financ Res Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101717 sha: doc_id: 283037 cord_uid: hykf28oi file: cache/cord-283173-s3nb11je.json key: cord-283173-s3nb11je authors: Osman, Jennifer; Lambert, Jérome; Templé, Marie; Devaux, Floriane; Favre, Rémy; Flaujac, Claire; Bridoux, Delphine; Marque‐Juillet, Stéphanie; Bruneel, Fabrice; Mignon, François; Diaz‐Flores, Ernesto; Hentgen, Véronique; Greder‐Belan, Alix; Azarian, Reza; Koukabi, Mehrsa; Rousselot, Philippe; Raggueneau, Victoria; Manéglier, Benjamin title: Rapid screening of COVID‐19 patients by White blood cells scattergrams, a study on 381 patients date: 2020-06-15 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16943 sha: doc_id: 283173 cord_uid: s3nb11je file: cache/cord-283052-x9tek77a.json key: cord-283052-x9tek77a authors: Stramare, Roberto; Carretta, Giovanni; Capizzi, Alfio; Boemo, Deris Gianni; Contessa, Cristina; Motta, Raffaella; De Conti, Giorgio; Causin, Francesco; Giraudo, Chiara; Donato, Daniele title: Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path date: 2020-06-04 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01231-w sha: doc_id: 283052 cord_uid: x9tek77a file: cache/cord-283196-laerx0n2.json key: cord-283196-laerx0n2 authors: Bedford, Juliet; Enria, Delia; Giesecke, Johan; Heymann, David L; Ihekweazu, Chikwe; Kobinger, Gary; Lane, H Clifford; Memish, Ziad A; Oh, Myoung-don; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Ungchusak, Kumnuan; Wieler, Lothar H title: Living with the COVID-19 pandemic: act now with the tools we have date: 2020-10-08 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32117-6 sha: doc_id: 283196 cord_uid: laerx0n2 file: cache/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.json key: cord-282868-yd7pzcbz authors: Shelmerdine, Susan C.; Lovrenski, Jovan; Caro-Domínguez, Pablo; Toso, Seema title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings date: 2020-06-18 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04726-w sha: doc_id: 282868 cord_uid: yd7pzcbz file: cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.json key: cord-283116-ib5c3lbi authors: Koh, David; Goh, Hui Poh title: Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Occup Health DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12128 sha: doc_id: 283116 cord_uid: ib5c3lbi file: cache/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.json key: cord-283120-hyzk59qv authors: Sharma, Ashish; Jaiswal, Pragya; Kerakhan, Yasameen; Saravanan, Lakshmi; Murtaza, Zeba; Zergham, Azka; Honganur, Nagaraj-Sanchitha; Akbar, Aelia; Deol, Aran; Francis, Benedict; Patel, Shakumar; Mehta, Deep; Jaiswal, Richa; Singh, Jagmeet; Patel, Urvish; Malik, Preeti title: Liver disease and outcomes among COVID-19 hospitalized patients- a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ann Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 283120 cord_uid: hyzk59qv file: cache/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.json key: cord-282963-p04c5nn7 authors: Oliveros, Estefania; Mahmood, Kiran; Yammine, Maroun; Chau, Vinh; Fox, Arieh; Ahmed, Sanam; Anyanwu, Anelechi; Pinney, Sean; Mancini, Donna; Lala, Anuradha; Barghash, Maya title: Rapid Deterioration of Hospital-Acquired COVID-19 in a Patient on Extracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Support date: 2020-09-21 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.021 sha: doc_id: 282963 cord_uid: p04c5nn7 file: cache/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.json key: cord-282839-3ii79g6j authors: Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J.; Navas, Plácido; López-Lluch, Guillermo title: Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-11-07 journal: Exp Gerontol DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147 sha: doc_id: 282839 cord_uid: 3ii79g6j file: cache/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.json key: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir authors: Roma, Paolo; Monaro, Merylin; Muzi, Laura; Colasanti, Marco; Ricci, Eleonora; Biondi, Silvia; Napoli, Christian; Ferracuti, Stefano; Mazza, Cristina title: How to Improve Compliance with Protective Health Measures during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms date: 2020-10-04 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197252 sha: doc_id: 283175 cord_uid: kh2rm2ir file: cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.json key: cord-282958-9bi6pobg authors: Ganem, Fabiana; Mendes, Fabio Macedo; Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa; Porto, Victor Bertolo Gomes; Araujo, Wildo; Nakaya, Helder; Diaz-Quijano, Fredi A; Croda, Julio title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 sha: doc_id: 282958 cord_uid: 9bi6pobg file: cache/cord-283093-9kz7387z.json key: cord-283093-9kz7387z authors: Quaife, Matthew; van Zandvoort, Kevin; Gimma, Amy; Shah, Kashvi; McCreesh, Nicky; Prem, Kiesha; Barasa, Edwine; Mwanga, Daniel; Kangwana, Beth; Pinchoff, Jessie; Edmunds, W. John; Jarvis, Christopher I.; Austrian, Karen title: The impact of COVID-19 control measures on social contacts and transmission in Kenyan informal settlements date: 2020-10-05 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01779-4 sha: doc_id: 283093 cord_uid: 9kz7387z file: cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.json key: cord-283177-qwinggg4 authors: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy; Myers, Michael; Fanous, Ayman title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 journal: Psychosomatics DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.014 sha: doc_id: 283177 cord_uid: qwinggg4 file: cache/cord-283138-18q23z8l.json key: cord-283138-18q23z8l authors: Balasubramanian, S.; Rao, Neha Mohan; Goenka, Anu; Roderick, Marion; Ramanan, Athimalaipet V title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not date: 2020-04-09 journal: Indian Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1819-5 sha: doc_id: 283138 cord_uid: 18q23z8l file: cache/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.json key: cord-283152-wav0d0ws authors: Patel, Sanjay K. S.; Lee, Jung-Kul; Kalia, Vipin C. title: Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents date: 2020-06-09 journal: Indian J Microbiol DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4 sha: doc_id: 283152 cord_uid: wav0d0ws file: cache/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.json key: cord-283221-y9m4n0de authors: Ohara, Nobuyuki; Imamura, Hirotoshi; Adachi, Hidemitsu; Hara, Yoshie; Hosoda, Kohkichi; Kimura, Hidehito; Kuwayama, Kazuyuki; Mizowaki, Takashi; Motooka, Yasuhiko; Nakashima, Kazuya; Shinoda, Narihide; Takamoto, Takeshi; Ueno, Yasushi; Yamaura, Ikuya; Yanagihara, Chie; Yoshida, Yasuhisa; Kawamoto, Michi; Sakai, Nobuyuki title: Stroke Systems of Care during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Kobe City date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105343 sha: doc_id: 283221 cord_uid: y9m4n0de file: cache/cord-283267-72wrzw09.json key: cord-283267-72wrzw09 authors: Moores, Lisa K.; Tritschler, Tobias; Brosnahan, Shari; Carrier, Marc; Collen, Jacob F.; Doerschug, Kevin; Holley, Aaron B.; Jimenez, David; LeGal, Gregoire; Rali, Parth; Wells, Philip title: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report date: 2020-06-02 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.559 sha: doc_id: 283267 cord_uid: 72wrzw09 file: cache/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.json key: cord-283208-uetq1p1n authors: Castellano, Giuseppe; Infante, Barbara; Mercuri, Silvia; Forcella, Mauro; Cox, Sharon Natasha; Serviddio, Gaetano; Gesualdo, Loreto; Stallone, Giovanni title: Treatment of COVID-19 atypical pneumonia by early Tocilizumab administration in “non-critically-ill” patients on hemodialysis date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00872-4 sha: doc_id: 283208 cord_uid: uetq1p1n file: cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.json key: cord-283259-cmim32lx authors: Thombs, Brett D.; Bonardi, Olivia; Rice, Danielle B.; Boruff, Jill T.; Azar, Marleine; He, Chen; Markham, Sarah; Sun, Ying; Wu, Yin; Krishnan, Ankur; Thombs-Vite, Ian; Benedetti, Andrea title: Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date: 2020-04-27 journal: J Psychosom Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110113 sha: doc_id: 283259 cord_uid: cmim32lx file: cache/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.json key: cord-283367-azzy2t1a authors: Rahman, Asma; Niloofa, Roshan; De Zoysa, Ishan M; Cooray, Akila D; Kariyawasam, Jayani; Seneviratne, Suranjith L title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19: A narrative review date: 2020-09-10 journal: SAGE Open Med DOI: 10.1177/2050312120957925 sha: doc_id: 283367 cord_uid: azzy2t1a file: cache/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.json key: cord-283376-6wolrfvk authors: Yin, M.; Zhang, L.; Deng, G.; Han, C.; Shen, M.; Sun, H.; Zeng, F.; Zhang, W.; Chen, L.; Luo, Q.; Yao, D.; Wu, M.; Yu, S.; Chen, H.; Baud, D.; Chen, X. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Pregnancy In China: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.20053744 sha: doc_id: 283376 cord_uid: 6wolrfvk file: cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.json key: cord-283287-073r80s7 authors: Farhoudian, Ali; Baldacchino, Alexander; Clark, Nicolas; Gerra, Gilberto; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Dom, Geert; Mokri, Azarakhsh; Sadeghi, Mandana; Nematollahi, Pardis; Demasi, Maryanne; Schütz, Christian G.; Hash-emian, Seyed Mohammadreza; Tabarsi, Payam; Galea-Singer, Susanna; Carrà, Giuseppe; Clausen, Thomas; Kouimtsidis, Christos; Tolomeo, Serenella; Radfar, Seyed Ramin; Razaghi, Emran Mohammad title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 journal: Basic Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 sha: doc_id: 283287 cord_uid: 073r80s7 file: cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.json key: cord-283215-dgysimh5 authors: Al-Jabir, Ahmed; Kerwan, Ahmed; Nicola, Maria; Alsafi, Zaid; Khan, Mehdi; Sohrabi, Catrin; O'Neill, Niamh; Iosifidis, Christos; Griffin, Michelle; Mathew, Ginimol; Agha, Riaz title: Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 283215 cord_uid: dgysimh5 file: cache/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.json key: cord-283065-c22zpwr8 authors: Banerjee, Indrajit; Robinson, Jared; Kashyap, Abhishek; Mohabeer, Poornasha; Shukla, Ananya; Leclézio, Alexandra title: The changing pattern of COVID-19 in Nepal: A Global concern- A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-30 journal: Nepal J Epidemiol DOI: 10.3126/nje.v10i2.29769 sha: doc_id: 283065 cord_uid: c22zpwr8 file: cache/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.json key: cord-283236-vko7qdqp authors: Paliwal, Prakash R.; Tan, Benjamin Y. Q.; Leow, Aloysius S. T.; Sibi, Sunny; Chor, Daniel W. P.; Chin, Amanda X. Y.; Yau, Ying-Wei; Cross, Gail B.; Wong, Lily Y. H.; Chia, Magdalene L. J.; Quak, Zhixuan; Chua, Christopher Y. K.; Tang, David K. K.; Zune, Ei The; Hung, Jennifer; Goh, Yihui; Jing, Mingxue; Gopinathan, Anil; Yang, Cunli; Ahmad, Aftab; Khoo, Deborah X. L.; Lee, Chang-Chuan M.; Seet, Raymond C. S.; Sharma, Vijay K.; Teoh, Hock-Luen; Yeo, Leonard L. L.; Chan, Bernard P. L. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hyperacute stroke treatment: experience from a comprehensive stroke centre in Singapore date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02225-1 sha: doc_id: 283236 cord_uid: vko7qdqp file: cache/cord-283246-dj7teo89.json key: cord-283246-dj7teo89 authors: Otsuka, Ryo; Seino, Ken-ichiro title: Macrophage activation syndrome and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Inflamm Regen DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00131-w sha: doc_id: 283246 cord_uid: dj7teo89 file: cache/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.json key: cord-283409-ynwgdz52 authors: Baggett, Travis P.; Scott, Justine A.; Le, Mylinh H.; Shebl, Fatma M.; Panella, Christopher; Losina, Elena; Flanagan, Clare; Gaeta, Jessie M.; Neilan, Anne; Hyle, Emily P.; Mohareb, Amir; Reddy, Krishna P.; Siedner, Mark J.; Harling, Guy; Weinstein, Milton C.; Ciaranello, Andrea; Kazemian, Pooyan; Freedberg, Kenneth A. title: Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-20 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.07.20170498 sha: doc_id: 283409 cord_uid: ynwgdz52 file: cache/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.json key: cord-283260-9uo0hsst authors: Sepúlveda-Vildósola, Ana Carolina; Mejía-Aranguré, Juan Manuel; Barrera-Cruz, Carolina; Fuentes-Morales, Natxieli Alexandra; Rodriguez-Zeron, Carlos title: Scientific Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 283260 cord_uid: 9uo0hsst file: cache/cord-283366-xwxg9991.json key: cord-283366-xwxg9991 authors: He, Tian; Qu, Rendong; Qin, Caimeng; WANG, Zheyi; Zhang, Yue; Shao, Xiangming; Lu, Tao title: Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury date: 2020-08-10 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 283366 cord_uid: xwxg9991 file: cache/cord-283248-tdp9x821.json key: cord-283248-tdp9x821 authors: Agarwal, Minu; Udare, Amar; Alabousi, Abdullah; van der Pol, Christian B.; Ramonas, Lucas; Mascola, Ken; Edmonds, Britney; Ramonas, Milita title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency CT head utilization in Ontario—an observational study of tertiary academic hospitals date: 2020-10-06 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01857-3 sha: doc_id: 283248 cord_uid: tdp9x821 file: cache/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.json key: cord-283308-z0j8ixwk authors: Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi; Heydari, Seyed Taghi; Dowran, Behzad; Pasalar, Mehdi title: A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations date: 2020-07-23 journal: Integr Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100482 sha: doc_id: 283308 cord_uid: z0j8ixwk file: cache/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.json key: cord-283240-w4vxkbfv authors: Silva, Ricardo Teixeira e; Cristante, Alexandre Fogaça; Marcon, Raphael Martus; de Barros-Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa title: Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic date: 2020-07-15 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2094 sha: doc_id: 283240 cord_uid: w4vxkbfv file: cache/cord-283310-5wam14aa.json key: cord-283310-5wam14aa authors: Bevova, M. R.; Netesov, S. V.; Aulchenko, Yu. S. title: The New Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-09 journal: Mol DOI: 10.3103/s0891416820020044 sha: doc_id: 283310 cord_uid: 5wam14aa file: cache/cord-283372-c20i99qa.json key: cord-283372-c20i99qa authors: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Lavie, Carl J.; Morin, Daniel P.; Perez-Quilis, Carme; Laukkanen, Jari A.; Perez, Marco V. title: Amiodarone in the COVID-19 Era: Treatment for Symptomatic Patients Only, or Drug to Prevent Infection? date: 2020-08-01 journal: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00429-7 sha: doc_id: 283372 cord_uid: c20i99qa file: cache/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.json key: cord-283352-0l1ggmhx authors: Javelot, H; Weiner, L title: Panic and pandemic: narrative review of the literature on the links and risks of panic disorder as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: Encephale DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 283352 cord_uid: 0l1ggmhx file: cache/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.json key: cord-283439-hqdq2qrh authors: Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur; Idid, Syed Zahir title: Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? date: 2020-05-26 journal: Biol Trace Elem Res DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9 sha: doc_id: 283439 cord_uid: hqdq2qrh file: cache/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.json key: cord-283461-xcyvisqu authors: Berthelot, Jean-Marie; Drouet, Ludovic; Lioté, Frédéric title: Kawasaki-like diseases and thrombotic coagulopathy in COVID-19: delayed over-activation of the STING pathway? date: 2020-07-05 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785336 sha: doc_id: 283461 cord_uid: xcyvisqu file: cache/cord-283368-j2vjylum.json key: cord-283368-j2vjylum authors: Erika, Poggiali; Andrea, Vercelli; Cillis, Maria Grazia; Ioannilli, Eva; Iannicelli, Teresa; Andrea, Magnacavallo title: Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy date: 2020-05-09 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02350-y sha: doc_id: 283368 cord_uid: j2vjylum file: cache/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.json key: cord-283380-l60yyr6l authors: Grabbe, Stephan; Beissert, Stefan; Enk, Alexander title: Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID‐19: Do we need to rethink our standards? date: 2020-08-02 journal: J Dtsch Dermatol Ges DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14194 sha: doc_id: 283380 cord_uid: l60yyr6l file: cache/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.json key: cord-283340-ksyd5l56 authors: Choi, Geun Joo; Kim, Hyun Min; Kang, Hyun title: The Potential Role of Dyslipidemia in COVID-19 Severity: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Lipid Atheroscler DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.435 sha: doc_id: 283340 cord_uid: ksyd5l56 file: cache/cord-283500-mp2f102i.json key: cord-283500-mp2f102i authors: Mathiesen, T.; Arraez, M.; Asser, T.; Balak, N.; Barazi, S.; Bernucci, C.; Bolger, C.; Broekman, M. L. D.; Demetriades, A. K.; Feldman, Z.; Fontanella, M. M.; Foroglou, N.; Lafuente, J.; Maier, A. D.; Meyer, B.; Niemelä, M.; Roche, P. H.; Sala, F.; Samprón, N.; Sandvik, U.; Schaller, K.; Thome, C.; Thys, M.; Tisell, M.; Vajkoczy, P.; Visocchi, M. title: A snapshot of European neurosurgery December 2019 vs. March 2020: just before and during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-08 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04482-8 sha: doc_id: 283500 cord_uid: mp2f102i file: cache/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.json key: cord-283458-ndzafv3c authors: Hall, MAJ Andrew; Morrow, MAJ Lindsay; Monsaert, MAJ Kelsey; Wilson, COL Ramey L; Dixon, LTCOL Michael title: Converting a Small Surgical Team into a Pandemic Response Team for an Isolated Population date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 283458 cord_uid: ndzafv3c file: cache/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.json key: cord-283612-tzaa82kb authors: Hedima, Erick Wesley; Adeyemi, Michael Samuel; Ikunaiye, Nasiru Yakubu title: Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs date: 2020-04-17 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.013 sha: doc_id: 283612 cord_uid: tzaa82kb file: cache/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.json key: cord-283729-ekrcop2p authors: Allam, Hassan H; Kinsara, Abdulhalim J; Tuaima, Tareq; Alfakih, Shadwan title: Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? date: 2020-05-12 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001703 sha: doc_id: 283729 cord_uid: ekrcop2p file: cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.json key: cord-283485-xit6najq authors: Van Damme, Wim; Dahake, Ritwik; Delamou, Alexandre; Ingelbeen, Brecht; Wouters, Edwin; Vanham, Guido; van de Pas, Remco; Dossou, Jean-Paul; Ir, Por; Abimbola, Seye; Van der Borght, Stefaan; Narayanan, Devadasan; Bloom, Gerald; Van Engelgem, Ian; Ag Ahmed, Mohamed Ali; Kiendrébéogo, Joël Arthur; Verdonck, Kristien; De Brouwere, Vincent; Bello, Kéfilath; Kloos, Helmut; Aaby, Peter; Kalk, Andreas; Al-Awlaqi, Sameh; Prashanth, NS; Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Mbala, Placide; Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Assefa, Yibeltal title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 sha: doc_id: 283485 cord_uid: xit6najq file: cache/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.json key: cord-283673-oyefmgl3 authors: Garcia, Marc A; Homan, Patricia A; García, Catherine; Brown, Tyson H title: The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Pandemic’s Disproportionate Impact on Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities date: 2020-08-05 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa114 sha: doc_id: 283673 cord_uid: oyefmgl3 file: cache/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.json key: cord-283464-v4x0gaqc authors: Yu, Kimberley; Wei, Jun-Min; Li, Da-Qing; Fang, Yuxin title: Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 283464 cord_uid: v4x0gaqc file: cache/cord-283663-odrkfguc.json key: cord-283663-odrkfguc authors: Dobson, Dre'Von A.; Wolberg, Alisa S. title: COVID‐19 pandemic perspectives: A scientific silver lining? date: 2020-09-28 journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12432 sha: doc_id: 283663 cord_uid: odrkfguc file: cache/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.json key: cord-283877-qy6s5xrw authors: Vöö, Stefan; Dizdarevic, Sabina title: Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lung perfusion imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: does nuclear medicine need to reconsider its guidelines? date: 2020-07-03 journal: Nucl Med Commun DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001246 sha: doc_id: 283877 cord_uid: qy6s5xrw file: cache/cord-283440-8du0s33p.json key: cord-283440-8du0s33p authors: Ciuca, Ioana M title: COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review date: 2020-06-25 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s257180 sha: doc_id: 283440 cord_uid: 8du0s33p file: cache/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.json key: cord-283477-6clp5nz7 authors: Gabrielson, Andrew T.; Kohn, Jaden R.; Sparks, Hayley T.; Clifton, Marisa M.; Kohn, Taylor P. title: Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003520 sha: doc_id: 283477 cord_uid: 6clp5nz7 file: cache/cord-283521-smg1uw35.json key: cord-283521-smg1uw35 authors: García-Hernández, Rafael; Espigares-López, María Isabel; Miralles-Aguiar, Francisco; Gámiz-Sánchez, Reyes; Fernández, Francisco Javier Arroyo; Romero, Antonio Pernia; Morera, Luis Miguel Torres; Seoane, Enrique Calderón title: Inmunomodulación mediante CONVEHY® para COVID-19: de la tormenta al anticiclón de citoquinas date: 2020-08-29 journal: Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 283521 cord_uid: smg1uw35 file: cache/cord-283616-ef84i589.json key: cord-283616-ef84i589 authors: Ye, Zheng; Zhang, Yun; Wang, Yi; Huang, Zixiang; Song, Bin title: Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review date: 2020-03-19 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06801-0 sha: doc_id: 283616 cord_uid: ef84i589 file: cache/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.json key: cord-283912-ha2xwjzy authors: Zheng, Meijuan; Gao, Yong; Liu, Siyu; Sun, Dandan; Yang, Fan; Zong, Lu; Zhang, Min; Tian, Zhigang; Xu, Yuanhong; Sun, Haoyu title: Serum inflammatory factors are positively correlated with the production of specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-09-22 journal: Cell Mol Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00551-1 sha: doc_id: 283912 cord_uid: ha2xwjzy file: cache/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.json key: cord-283513-3f4rsgzm authors: Jaywant, Abhishek; Vanderlind, W. Michael; Boas, Samuel J.; Dickerman, Anna L. title: Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care date: 2020-07-07 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 283513 cord_uid: 3f4rsgzm file: cache/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.json key: cord-283696-3a0s64sm authors: Haen, Pierre; Caruhel, Jean-Baptiste; Laversanne, Sophie; Cordier, Pierre-Yves title: CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management date: 2020-04-20 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104729 sha: doc_id: 283696 cord_uid: 3a0s64sm file: cache/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.json key: cord-283744-qkvo6cji authors: Marston, Cicely; Renedo, Alicia; Miles, Sam title: Community participation is crucial in a pandemic date: 2020-05-04 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31054-0 sha: doc_id: 283744 cord_uid: qkvo6cji file: cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.json key: cord-283779-mudwcypl authors: Lauretani, Fulvio; Ravazzoni, Giulia; Roberti, Maria Federica; Longobucco, Yari; Adorni, Elisa; Grossi, Margherita; De Iorio, Aurelio; La Porta, Umberto; Fazio, Chiara; Gallini, Elena; Federici, Raffaele; Salvi, Marco; Ciarrocchi, Erika; Rossi, Francesca; Bergamin, Marina; Bussolati, Giacomo; Grieco, Ilaria; Broccoli, Federica; Zucchini, Irene; Ielo, Giuseppe; Morganti, Simonetta; Artoni, Andrea; Arisi, Arianna; Tagliaferri, Sara; Maggio, Marcello title: Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9629 sha: doc_id: 283779 cord_uid: mudwcypl file: cache/cord-283730-rshlenku.json key: cord-283730-rshlenku authors: Sah, Ranjit; Sigdel, Shailendra; Ozaki, Akihiko; Kotera, Yasuhiro; Bhandari, Divya; Regmi, Priyanka; Rabaan, Ali A; Mehta, Rachana; Adhikari, Mahesh; Roy, Namrata; Dhama, Kuldeep; Tanimoto, Tetsuya; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J; Dhakal, Rachana title: Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Nepal date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa105 sha: doc_id: 283730 cord_uid: rshlenku file: cache/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.json key: cord-283915-yqj9gzan authors: Ahmad, Naveed; Essa, Mohammed F.; Sudairy, Reem title: Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-07-12 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28560 sha: doc_id: 283915 cord_uid: yqj9gzan file: cache/cord-283623-umqu07te.json key: cord-283623-umqu07te authors: Ponce-Alonso, Manuel; Sáez de la Fuente, Javier; Rincón-Carlavilla, Angela; Moreno-Nunez, Paloma; Martínez-García, Laura; Escudero-Sánchez, Rosa; Pintor, Rosario; García-Fernández, Sergio; Cobo, Javier title: Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection date: 2020-09-08 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.454 sha: doc_id: 283623 cord_uid: umqu07te file: cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.json key: cord-283758-0z3jwwby authors: Rokadiya, S.; Gil, E.; Stubbs, C.; Bell, D.; Herbert, R. title: COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 283758 cord_uid: 0z3jwwby file: cache/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.json key: cord-283764-qw8qhmv1 authors: Bai, Hua; Ji, Yongjia; Wang, Jia; Zhang, Xuehong title: Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-11-06 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022017 sha: doc_id: 283764 cord_uid: qw8qhmv1 file: cache/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.json key: cord-283843-qgpxauj1 authors: Endstrasser, Franz; Braito, Matthias; Linser, Markus; Spicher, Anna; Wagner, Moritz; Brunner, Alexander title: The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on pain and physical function in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis date: 2020-06-18 journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06104-3 sha: doc_id: 283843 cord_uid: qgpxauj1 file: cache/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.json key: cord-283909-xwy3rm3f authors: Lippi, Giuseppe; Henry, Brandon M title: Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-21 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa137 sha: doc_id: 283909 cord_uid: xwy3rm3f file: cache/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.json key: cord-283719-zmizyx7e authors: Cheng, Yuan-Yang; Chen, Chin-Ming; Huang, Wei-Chun; Chiang, Shang-Lin; Hsieh, Pei-Chun; Lin, Ko-Long; Chen, Yi-Jen; Fu, Tieh-Cheng; Huang, Shu-Chun; Chen, Ssu-Yuan; Chen, Chia-Hsin; Chen, Shyh-Ming; Chen, Hsin-Shui; Chou, Li-Wei; Chou, Chen-Liang; Li, Min-Hui; Tsai, Sen-Wei; Wang, Lin-Yi; Wang, Yu-Lin; Chou, Willy title: Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019: Consensus Statements of Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 283719 cord_uid: zmizyx7e file: cache/cord-283927-683mzwga.json key: cord-283927-683mzwga authors: Jette, Alan M title: Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa094 sha: doc_id: 283927 cord_uid: 683mzwga file: cache/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.json key: cord-283769-n38f0i5z authors: Georgiou, Neophytos; Delfabbro, Paul; Balzan, Ryan title: COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs date: 2020-06-16 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110201 sha: doc_id: 283769 cord_uid: n38f0i5z file: cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.json key: cord-283900-4pa93xqi authors: Khan, M. Ali; Sivalingam, Arunan; Haller, Julia A. title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 journal: Ophthalmology. Retina DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 283900 cord_uid: 4pa93xqi file: cache/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.json key: cord-283948-rb9rrkxb authors: Gavriilidis, Paschalis; Pai, Madhava title: The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4223 sha: doc_id: 283948 cord_uid: rb9rrkxb file: cache/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.json key: cord-283953-vuvd6mvz authors: KM, S.; T, M.; AP, M. R.; K, A. title: Trace, Quarantine, Test, Isolate and Treat: A Kerala Model of Covid-19 Response date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20132308 sha: doc_id: 283953 cord_uid: vuvd6mvz file: cache/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.json key: cord-283809-9sv5bax0 authors: Baldacchino, Alexander; Radfar, Seyed Ramin; De Jong, Cornelis; Rafei, Parnian; Yunesian, Masud; Gerra, Gilberto; Brady, Kathleen; Ebrahimi, Mohsen; Vahidi, Mehrnoosh; Khojasteh Zonoozi, Arash; Mohaddes Ardabili, Hossein; Busse, Anja; Saenz, Elizabeth; Campello, Giovanna; Niaz, Kamran; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey date: 2020-04-15 journal: Basic Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.2545.1 sha: doc_id: 283809 cord_uid: 9sv5bax0 file: cache/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.json key: cord-283956-zgrtux7i authors: Amin, Sk. Abdul; Jha, Tarun title: Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists date: 2020-06-12 journal: Eur J Med Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112559 sha: doc_id: 283956 cord_uid: zgrtux7i file: cache/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.json key: cord-283969-wqrzaxsu authors: Antonucci, Michele; Recupero, Salvatore Marco; Marzio, Vittorio; De Dominicis, Mauro; Pinto, Francesco; Foschi, Nazario; Di Gianfrancesco, Luca; Bassi, Pierfrancesco; Ragonese, Mauro title: The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis date: 2020-10-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 283969 cord_uid: wqrzaxsu file: cache/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.json key: cord-284038-93s3ffoy authors: Keyhanian, Kiandokht; Umeton, Raffaella Pizzolato; Mohit, Babak; Davoudi, Vahid; Hajighasemi, Fatemeh; Ghasemi, Mehdi title: SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation date: 2020-11-07 journal: J Neuroimmunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436 sha: doc_id: 284038 cord_uid: 93s3ffoy file: cache/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.json key: cord-284130-2q6qmex3 authors: Wu, Xiao; Nethery, Rachel C.; Sabath, Benjamin M.; Braun, Danielle; Dominici, Francesca title: Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-07 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502 sha: doc_id: 284130 cord_uid: 2q6qmex3 file: cache/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.json key: cord-283918-h8awaxxw authors: Maeker, Éric; Bérengère, Maeker-Poquet; Isabelle, Goidin title: Annonce du diagnostic et accompagnement de fin de vie du COVID-19 en période de confinement au sein d’une unité gériatrique aiguë date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.npg.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 283918 cord_uid: h8awaxxw file: cache/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.json key: cord-284008-vlwdtjbe authors: Li, Na; Jie, Zhijun title: The Application of Corticosteroids in COVID-19: A Two-edged Sword date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Transl Int Med DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0011 sha: doc_id: 284008 cord_uid: vlwdtjbe file: cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.json key: cord-284017-1fz90e3k authors: Henríquez, Josefa; Almorox, Eduardo Gonzalo; Garcia-Goñi, Manuel; Paolucci, Francesco title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 sha: doc_id: 284017 cord_uid: 1fz90e3k file: cache/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.json key: cord-283850-kt8n6pg2 authors: Steardo, Luca; Steardo, Luca; Verkhratsky, Alexei title: Psychiatric face of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00949-5 sha: doc_id: 283850 cord_uid: kt8n6pg2 file: cache/cord-284097-94pz1601.json key: cord-284097-94pz1601 authors: Korun, Oktay; Yurdakök, Okan; Arslan, Akın; Çiçek, Murat; Selçuk, Arif; Kılıç, Yiğit; Altın, Fırat; Şaşmazel, Ahmet; Aydemir, Numan Ali title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics date: 2020-08-13 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14914 sha: doc_id: 284097 cord_uid: 94pz1601 file: cache/cord-284207-i943w5r1.json key: cord-284207-i943w5r1 authors: Zidan, Ahmed; Alabbad, Saleh; Ali, Tariq; Nizami, Imran; Haberal, Mehmet; Tokat, Yaman; Kamel, Refaat; Said, Hany; Abdelaal, Amr; Elsharkawy, Magdy; El Fouly, Amr; Sayed, Hatem; Al-Mousawi, Mustafa; AlGhonaim, Mohammed; Broering, Dieter title: Position Statement of Transplant Activity in the Middle East in Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 journal: Transplantation DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003348 sha: doc_id: 284207 cord_uid: i943w5r1 file: cache/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.json key: cord-284037-nj5jo1ev authors: Kwee, Thomas C.; Kwee, Robert M. title: Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know date: 2020-10-23 journal: Radiographics DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200159 sha: doc_id: 284037 cord_uid: nj5jo1ev file: cache/cord-284152-6aog88cx.json key: cord-284152-6aog88cx authors: Mitchell, Edith Peterson title: COVID-19 Innovations: Addressing Rapidly Changing Clinical Needs date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Natl Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 284152 cord_uid: 6aog88cx file: cache/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.json key: cord-284175-5rre1kbn authors: Elsaid, Ossama; McCullough, Peter A.; Tecson, Kristen M.; Williams, Ryan S; Yoon, Anthony title: Ventricular Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-08-29 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.033 sha: doc_id: 284175 cord_uid: 5rre1kbn file: cache/cord-284217-tv8f1315.json key: cord-284217-tv8f1315 authors: Qazi, Javaria; Naseer, Khulla; Qazi, Atika; AlSalman, Hussain; Naseem, Usman; Yang, Shuiqing; Hardaker, Glenn; Gumaei, Abdu title: Evolution to Online Education around the globe during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped cope alike? date: 2020-10-13 journal: Child Youth Serv Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105582 sha: doc_id: 284217 cord_uid: tv8f1315 file: cache/cord-284188-ujdla954.json key: cord-284188-ujdla954 authors: Smith, Silas W.; Tiu, Janelle; Caspers, Christopher G.; Lakdawala, Viraj S.; Koziatek, Christian A.; Swartz, Jordan L.; Lee, David C.; Jamin, Catherine T.; Femia, Robert J.; Haines, Elizabeth J. title: Virtual Urgent Care Quality and Safety in the Time of Coronavirus date: 2020-10-16 journal: Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 284188 cord_uid: ujdla954 file: cache/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.json key: cord-284234-9cd2v6bt authors: Sebastian, S; Gonzalez, H A; Peyrin-Biroulet, L title: Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Crohns Colitis DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120 sha: doc_id: 284234 cord_uid: 9cd2v6bt file: cache/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.json key: cord-284042-awl5bb0j authors: Carrascosa, J.M.; Morillas, V.; Bielsa, I.; Munera-Campos, M. title: Cutaneous Manifestations in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)() date: 2020-10-15 journal: Actas Dermosifiliogr DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 284042 cord_uid: awl5bb0j file: cache/cord-284251-brn5izwo.json key: cord-284251-brn5izwo authors: Melmed, Kara R.; Cao, Meng; Dogra, Siddhant; Zhang, Ruina; Yaghi, Shadi; Lewis, Ariane; Jain, Rajan; Bilaloglu, Seda; Chen, Ji; Czeisler, Barry M.; Raz, Eytan; Lord, Aaron; Berger, Jeffrey S.; Frontera, Jennifer A. title: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02288-0 sha: doc_id: 284251 cord_uid: brn5izwo file: cache/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.json key: cord-284112-jobd5s4l authors: Tulgar, Serkan; Ahıskalıoğlu, Ali; Kök, Abdulaziz; Thomas, David Terence title: Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents date: 2019-06-01 journal: Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2020.662 sha: doc_id: 284112 cord_uid: jobd5s4l file: cache/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.json key: cord-284274-9uu7yflt authors: Russi, Christopher S.; Heaton, Heather A.; Demaerschalk, Bart M. title: Emergency Medicine Telehealth for COVID-19: Minimize Front-Line Provider Exposure and Conserve Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) date: 2020-08-13 journal: Mayo Clinic Proceedings DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.025 sha: doc_id: 284274 cord_uid: 9uu7yflt file: cache/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.json key: cord-284302-odvv2yn3 authors: Minagorre, Pedro J. Alcalá; Pinto, Enrique Villalobos; Miguel Ramos Fernández, José; Rodríguez-Fernández, Rosa; Ronco, Miguel Vázquez; Escosa-García, Luis; Jorge, Juan Ignacio Montiano; García, Juan José García title: CAMBIOS A PARTIR DE LA COVID-19. UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA PEDIATRÍA INTERNA HOSPITALARIA date: 2020-06-19 journal: An Pediatr (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 284302 cord_uid: odvv2yn3 file: cache/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.json key: cord-284160-sgr8p78v authors: Satici, Begum; Gocet-Tekin, Emine; Deniz, M. Engin; Satici, Seydi Ahmet title: Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey date: 2020-05-08 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0 sha: doc_id: 284160 cord_uid: sgr8p78v file: cache/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.json key: cord-284342-y9tq7o0v authors: Liu, Qian; Dai, Yaping; Feng, Meimei; Wang, Xu; Liang, Wei; Yang, Fumeng title: Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study date: 2020-08-28 journal: J Clin Lab Anal DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23527 sha: doc_id: 284342 cord_uid: y9tq7o0v file: cache/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.json key: cord-284257-zplfyqqi authors: Mocco, J; Fifi, Johanna T title: In Reply: May Cooler Heads Prevail During a Pandemic: Stroke in COVID-19 Patients or COVID-19 in Stroke Patients? date: 2020-08-28 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa385 sha: doc_id: 284257 cord_uid: zplfyqqi file: cache/cord-284220-55mckelv.json key: cord-284220-55mckelv authors: batista, m. title: Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185165 sha: doc_id: 284220 cord_uid: 55mckelv file: cache/cord-284327-psz2usnx.json key: cord-284327-psz2usnx authors: Banda, J.; Dube, A.; Brumfield, S.; Amoah, A.; Crampin, A.; Reniers, G.; Helleringer, S. title: KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAWI date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 sha: doc_id: 284327 cord_uid: psz2usnx file: cache/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.json key: cord-284093-w2ppj0yz authors: nan title: Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.03.012 sha: doc_id: 284093 cord_uid: w2ppj0yz file: cache/cord-284272-68ykes60.json key: cord-284272-68ykes60 authors: Suso-Ribera, Carlos; Martín-Brufau, Ramón title: How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID–19 Quarantine in Spain date: 2020-06-18 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124382 sha: doc_id: 284272 cord_uid: 68ykes60 file: cache/cord-284385-ster02o9.json key: cord-284385-ster02o9 authors: Gambichler, Thilo; Reuther, Judith; Scheel, Christina H; Becker, Jürgen Christian title: On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Immunother Cancer DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001145 sha: doc_id: 284385 cord_uid: ster02o9 file: cache/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.json key: cord-284301-fg3hk94b authors: Umemura, Yutaka; Yamakawa, Kazuma; Kiguchi, Takeyuki; Nishida, Takeshi; Kawada, Masahiro; Fujimi, Satoshi title: Hematological Phenotype of COVID-19-Induced Coagulopathy: Far from Typical Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy date: 2020-09-05 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092875 sha: doc_id: 284301 cord_uid: fg3hk94b file: cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.json key: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e authors: Wei, Yiping; Zeng, Weibiao; Huang, Xiangyun; Li, Junyu; Qiu, Xingting; Li, Huadong; Liu, Dinghua; He, Zhaofeng; Yao, Wenzhong; Huang, Ping; Li, Chao; Zhu, Min; Zhong, Chunlan; Zhu, Xingen; Liu, Jiansheng title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 sha: doc_id: 284393 cord_uid: s9qp9a4e file: cache/cord-284403-f8s4123u.json key: cord-284403-f8s4123u authors: Becq, Aymeric; Jais, Benedicte; Fron, Clémence; Rotkopf, Hugo; Perrod, Guillaume; Rudler, Marika; Thabut, Dominique; Hedjoudje, Abdellah; Palazzo, Maxime; Amiot, Aurélien; Sobhani, Iradj; Dray, Xavier; Camus, Marine title: Drastic decrease of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours during the Covid-19 pandemic in the paris area date: 2020-08-04 journal: Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.012 sha: doc_id: 284403 cord_uid: f8s4123u file: cache/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.json key: cord-284335-bz3y03y0 authors: Ng, Janice Natasha; Cembrano, Kathryn Anne G.; Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Manuskiatti, Woraphong title: The Aftermath of COVID‐19 in Dermatology Practice: What's next? date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Cosmet Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13520 sha: doc_id: 284335 cord_uid: bz3y03y0 file: cache/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.json key: cord-284353-f7zkp9cf authors: Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikh, Asiyah; Sheikh, Zakariya; Dhami, Sangeeta title: Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-27 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010376 sha: doc_id: 284353 cord_uid: f7zkp9cf file: cache/cord-284365-g46myqe7.json key: cord-284365-g46myqe7 authors: Guo, Qian; Zheng, Yuchen; Shi, Jia; Wang, Jijun; Li, Guanjun; Li, Chunbo; Fromson, John A.; Xu, Yong; Liu, Xiaohua; Xu, Hua; Zhang, Tianhong; Lu, Yunfei; Chen, Xiaorong; Hu, Hao; Tang, Yingying; Yang, Shuwen; Zhou, Han; Wang, Xiaoliang; Chen, Haiying; Wang, Zhen; Yang, Zongguo title: Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: a mixed-method study date: 2020-05-19 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.038 sha: doc_id: 284365 cord_uid: g46myqe7 file: cache/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.json key: cord-284494-4klrtjpb authors: Handoko; Bunga Mayang Permata, Tiara; Giselvania, Angela; Nuryadi, Endang; Octavianus, Steven; Filbert Jayalie, Vito; Nicholas; Elis Khumaesa, Novi; Maharani, Putri; Djuita, Fielda; Mahendra Wijaya, I G.A.G.; Wahyono, Yuddi; Hartanto, Sugandi; Ruhama, Rika; Juwita Hanum, Fathiya; Nari Nawangsih P, Christina; Aditya Bani Kuncoro, Elia; Fatmasari; Purwati Pasaribu, Ulinta; Handayani, Lulus; Lufti Huswatun, Aida; Fortunata, Novina; Setyawan, Arry; Ekaputra, Ericko; Kusumadjati, Adji; Adam, Faisal; Andriani Pramitasari, Dini; Budianti, Rita; Ginting, Rosmita; Rudiyo; Mutrikah, Nuraini; Isnaniah; Christina, Nadia; Widikusumo, Arundito; Fitri, Nurul; Febi Indarti, Annisa; Khotimah, Siti; Gondhowiardjo, Soehartati A title: Ensuring Safety and Sustainability of Radiotherapy Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resources Constrain Country: An Indonesian Experience date: 2020-06-06 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.044 sha: doc_id: 284494 cord_uid: 4klrtjpb file: cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.json key: cord-284298-tcied4l5 authors: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma; de Filippis, Renato; Ransing, Ramdas; Karaliuniene, Ruta; Ullah, Irfan; Bytyçi, Drita Gashi; Abbass, Zargham; Kilic, Ozge; Nahidi, Mahsa; Hayatudeen, Nafisatu; Nagendrappa, Sachin; Shoib, Sheikh; Jatchavala, Chonnakarn; Larnaout, Amine; Maiti, Tanay; Ogunnubi, Oluseun Peter; El Hayek, Samer; Bizri, Maya; Schuh Teixeira, Andre Luiz; Pereira-Sanchez, Victor; Da Costa, Mariana Pinto title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 journal: Brain Behav Immun Health DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 sha: doc_id: 284298 cord_uid: tcied4l5 file: cache/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.json key: cord-284424-6gljl7n5 authors: Brown, Eric E.; Kumar, Sanjeev; Rajji, Tarek K.; Pollock, Bruce G.; Mulsant, Benoit H. title: Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias date: 2020-04-18 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 284424 cord_uid: 6gljl7n5 file: cache/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.json key: cord-284529-0ri4kw4k authors: Håkansson, Anders title: Impact of COVID-19 on Online Gambling – A General Population Survey During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568543 sha: doc_id: 284529 cord_uid: 0ri4kw4k file: cache/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.json key: cord-284398-rhfwbyav authors: Aboubakr, Hamada A.; Sharafeldin, Tamer A.; Goyal, Sagar M. title: Stability of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review date: 2020-07-14 journal: Transbound Emerg Dis DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13707 sha: doc_id: 284398 cord_uid: rhfwbyav file: cache/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.json key: cord-284498-54j6ys8s authors: Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah; Bilal, Muhammad; Naushad, Mu. title: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities date: 2020-10-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101735 sha: doc_id: 284498 cord_uid: 54j6ys8s file: cache/cord-284555-5qbigvun.json key: cord-284555-5qbigvun authors: Kent, David M.; Paulus, Jessica K.; Sharp, Richard R.; Hajizadeh, Negin title: When predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources: three considerations for models in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 journal: Diagn Progn Res DOI: 10.1186/s41512-020-00079-y sha: doc_id: 284555 cord_uid: 5qbigvun file: cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.json key: cord-284519-cufyqv7h authors: Singu, Sravani; Acharya, Arpan; Challagundla, Kishore; Byrareddy, Siddappa N. title: Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-07-21 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406 sha: doc_id: 284519 cord_uid: cufyqv7h file: cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.json key: cord-284640-tl9nmvog authors: Tabah, Alexis; Ramanan, Mahesh; Laupland, Kevin B.; Buetti, Niccolò; Cortegiani, Andrea; Mellinghoff, Johannes; Morris, Andrew Conway; Camporota, Luigi; Zappella, Nathalie; Elhadi, Muhammed; Povoa, Pedro; Amrein, Karin; Vidal, Gabriela; Derde, Lennie; Bassetti, Matteo; Francois, Guy; KAI, Nathalie S.S.I.Y.A.N.; De Waele, Jan J. title: Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 284640 cord_uid: tl9nmvog file: cache/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.json key: cord-284449-z7r4n0w7 authors: Ma, L.; Xie, W.; Li, D.; Shi, L.; Mao, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, M. title: Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037267 sha: doc_id: 284449 cord_uid: z7r4n0w7 file: cache/cord-284566-u0elncex.json key: cord-284566-u0elncex authors: Siu, Henry Yu-Hin; Kristof, Lorand; Elston, Dawn; Hafid, Abe; Mather, Fred title: A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-22 journal: BMC Geriatr DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01828-w sha: doc_id: 284566 cord_uid: u0elncex file: cache/cord-284453-topozldw.json key: cord-284453-topozldw authors: Dimri, V. P.; Ganguli, Shib S.; Srivastava, R. P. title: Understanding Trend of the Covid-19 Fatalities in India date: 2020-06-17 journal: J Geol Soc India DOI: 10.1007/s12594-020-1492-2 sha: doc_id: 284453 cord_uid: topozldw file: cache/cord-284470-so8bq046.json key: cord-284470-so8bq046 authors: Coe, Taylor M.; Jogerst, Kristen M.; Sell, Naomi M.; Cassidy, Douglas J.; Eurboonyanun, Chalerm; Gee, Denise; Phitayakorn, Roy; Petrusa, Emil title: Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003993 sha: doc_id: 284470 cord_uid: so8bq046 file: cache/cord-284573-w0sk622m.json key: cord-284573-w0sk622m authors: Caduff, Carlo title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date: 2020-07-21 journal: Med Anthropol Q DOI: 10.1111/maq.12599 sha: doc_id: 284573 cord_uid: w0sk622m file: cache/cord-284829-dge21g0g.json key: cord-284829-dge21g0g authors: Dinakaran, Damodharan; Manjunatha, Narayana; Naveen Kumar, Channaveerachari; Suresh, Bada Math title: Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Selective Review date: 2020-05-30 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102188 sha: doc_id: 284829 cord_uid: dge21g0g file: cache/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.json key: cord-284671-r4m1wrbk authors: Racine, Nicole; Korczak, Daphne J.; Madigan, Sheri title: Evidence suggests children are being left behind in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-11-05 journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01672-8 sha: doc_id: 284671 cord_uid: r4m1wrbk file: cache/cord-284833-g914vww5.json key: cord-284833-g914vww5 authors: Qiu, Tingting; Liang, Shuyao; Dabbous, Monique; Wang, Yitong; Han, Ru; Toumi, Mondher title: Chinese guidelines related to novel coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-10-08 journal: Journal of market access & health policy DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1818446 sha: doc_id: 284833 cord_uid: g914vww5 file: cache/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.json key: cord-284804-6i5zbmm1 authors: Pan, Feng; Yang, Lian; Li, Yuncheng; Liang, Bo; Li, Lin; Ye, Tianhe; Li, Lingli; Liu, Dehan; Gui, Shan; Hu, Yu; Zheng, Chuansheng title: Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a case-control study date: 2020-05-18 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46614 sha: doc_id: 284804 cord_uid: 6i5zbmm1 file: cache/cord-284786-pua14ogz.json key: cord-284786-pua14ogz authors: Coker, Eric S.; Cavalli, Laura; Fabrizi, Enrico; Guastella, Gianni; Lippo, Enrico; Parisi, Maria Laura; Pontarollo, Nicola; Rizzati, Massimiliano; Varacca, Alessandro; Vergalli, Sergio title: The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy date: 2020-08-04 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00486-1 sha: doc_id: 284786 cord_uid: pua14ogz file: cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.json key: cord-284853-6efhdogi authors: Xie, Yun; Cao, Song; Li, Qingyun; Chen, Erzhen; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Wenkai; Yang, Luyu; Fu, Shouzhi; Wang, Ruilan title: Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.044 sha: doc_id: 284853 cord_uid: 6efhdogi file: cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.json key: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct authors: Gavriilaki, Eleni; Anyfanti, Panagiota; Gavriilaki, Maria; Lazaridis, Antonios; Douma, Stella; Gkaliagkousi, Eugenia title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 journal: Curr Hypertens Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 sha: doc_id: 284526 cord_uid: a5kgo4ct file: cache/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.json key: cord-284782-51mbq7qb authors: Huang, Jing; Liu, Fangkun; Teng, Ziwei; Chen, Jindong; Zhao, Jingping; Wang, Xiaoping; Wu, Renrong title: Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa385 sha: doc_id: 284782 cord_uid: 51mbq7qb file: cache/cord-284820-29uiq6at.json key: cord-284820-29uiq6at authors: Wang, Junfeng; Xu, Xiaoya; Wang, Shimeng; He, Shutong; Li, Xiao; He, Pan title: Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Air Quality in Northern China date: 2020-11-11 journal: Appl Energy DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116179 sha: doc_id: 284820 cord_uid: 29uiq6at file: cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.json key: cord-284576-nemh4wdo authors: Sims, Jonathan T.; Krishnan, Venkatesh; Chang, Ching-Yun; Engle, Sarah M.; Casalini, Giacomo; Rodgers, George H.; Bivi, Nicoletta; Nickoloff, Brian J.; Konrad, Robert J.; de Bono, Stephanie; Higgs, Richard E.; Benschop, Robert J.; Ottaviani, Silvia; Cardoso, Anabela; Nirula, Ajay; Corbellino, Mario; Stebbing, Justin title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 sha: doc_id: 284576 cord_uid: nemh4wdo file: cache/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.json key: cord-284598-ksoonwf9 authors: Liu, Shan; Peng, Danyi; Qiu, Huijun; Yang, Ke; Fu, Zhou; Zou, Lin title: Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: Stem Cell Res Ther DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01678-8 sha: doc_id: 284598 cord_uid: ksoonwf9 file: cache/cord-284596-kxioojck.json key: cord-284596-kxioojck authors: Belvis, Robert title: Headaches During COVID‐19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-15 journal: Headache DOI: 10.1111/head.13841 sha: doc_id: 284596 cord_uid: kxioojck file: cache/cord-284545-vn60yd46.json key: cord-284545-vn60yd46 authors: Sanyaolu, Adekunle; Okorie, Chuku; Marinkovic, Aleksandra; Patidar, Risha; Younis, Kokab; Desai, Priyank; Hosein, Zaheeda; Padda, Inderbir; Mangat, Jasmine; Altaf, Mohsin title: Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4 sha: doc_id: 284545 cord_uid: vn60yd46 file: cache/cord-284888-bkee6isv.json key: cord-284888-bkee6isv authors: Samies, Nicole L; Pinninti, Swetha; James, Scott H title: Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure in an Adolescent With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa083 sha: doc_id: 284888 cord_uid: bkee6isv file: cache/cord-284734-qioy7eso.json key: cord-284734-qioy7eso authors: Pourahmad, Ramtin; Moazzami, Bobak; Rezaei, Nima title: Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IVIG) on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00438-2 sha: doc_id: 284734 cord_uid: qioy7eso file: cache/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.json key: cord-284756-jhwd6q0c authors: Baddour, Khalil; Kudrick, Lauren D.; Neopaney, Aakriti; Sabik, Lindsay M.; Peddada, Shyamal D.; Nilsen, Marci L.; Johnson, Jonas T.; Ferris, Robert L.; Mady, Leila J. title: Potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors date: 2020-04-28 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26187 sha: doc_id: 284756 cord_uid: jhwd6q0c file: cache/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.json key: cord-284851-gtdyexp1 authors: Green, Jon; Edgerton, Jared; Naftel, Daniel; Shoub, Kelsey; Cranmer, Skyler J. title: Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication on the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 journal: Sci Adv DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2717 sha: doc_id: 284851 cord_uid: gtdyexp1 file: cache/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.json key: cord-284879-sjkni2uc authors: Song, Suk-Kyoon; Lee, Duk-Hee; Nam, Jun-Ho; Kim, Kyung-Tae; Do, Jung-Suk; Kang, Dae-Won; Kim, Sang-Gyung; Cho, Myung-Rae title: IgG Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among Individuals without a History of the Coronavirus Disease Infection in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e269 sha: doc_id: 284879 cord_uid: sjkni2uc file: cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.json key: cord-284883-bkydu285 authors: Luis Silva, L.; Dutra, A. C.; Iora, P. H.; Ramajo, G. L. R.; Messias, G. A. F.; Gualda, I. A. P.; Scheidt, J. F. H. C.; Amaral, P. V. M. d.; Staton, C.; Rocha, T. A. H.; Andrade, L.; Vissoci, J. R. N. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 sha: doc_id: 284883 cord_uid: bkydu285 file: cache/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.json key: cord-284873-m1ehdydr authors: Cadegiani, Flavio A.; Wambier, Carlos G.; Goren, Andy title: Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00453 sha: doc_id: 284873 cord_uid: m1ehdydr file: cache/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.json key: cord-284955-6y6nnqno authors: Jing Liang, Jing; Liu, Jun; Chen, Yong; Ye, Bo; Li, Na; Wang, Xiao; Tang, Min; Shao, Jiaqing title: Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus date: 2020-07-22 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108351 sha: doc_id: 284955 cord_uid: 6y6nnqno file: cache/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.json key: cord-284984-sdx3cceq authors: Norman, Richard E.; Stall, Nathan M.; Sinha, Samir K. title: Typically Atypical: COVID‐19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16526 sha: doc_id: 284984 cord_uid: sdx3cceq file: cache/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.json key: cord-284946-3y16j3ts authors: Addo, Isaac Yeboah title: Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100074 sha: doc_id: 284946 cord_uid: 3y16j3ts file: cache/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.json key: cord-284948-zd27i5n6 authors: Pomar, María D. Ballesteros; Lesmes, Irene Bretón title: Nutricion Clínica en tiempos de COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 284948 cord_uid: zd27i5n6 file: cache/cord-284965-6hss53nu.json key: cord-284965-6hss53nu authors: Evans, M. V.; Garchitorena, A. V.; Rakotonanahary, R. J.; Drake, J. M.; Rajaonarifara, E.; Ngonghala, C. N.; ROCHE, B.; Bonds, M. H.; Rakotonirina, J. title: Reconciling model predictions with low reported cases of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Madagascar date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20149195 sha: doc_id: 284965 cord_uid: 6hss53nu file: cache/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.json key: cord-284944-hcgfe9wv authors: Silvin, Aymeric; Chapuis, Nicolas; Dunsmore, Garett; Goubet, Anne-Gaëlle; Dubuisson, Agathe; Derosa, Lisa; Almire, Carole; Hénon, Clémence; Kosmider, Olivier; Droin, Nathalie; Rameau, Philippe; Catelain, Cyril; Alfaro, Alexia; Dussiau, Charles; Friedrich, Chloé; Sourdeau, Elise; Marin, Nathalie; Szwebel, Tali-Anne; Cantin, Delphine; Mouthon, Luc; Borderie, Didier; Deloger, Marc; Bredel, Delphine; Mouraud, Severine; Drubay, Damien; Andrieu, Muriel; Lhonneur, Anne-Sophie; Saada, Véronique; Stoclin, Annabelle; Willekens, Christophe; Pommeret, Fanny; Griscelli, Frank; Ng, Lai Guan; Zhang, Zheng; Bost, Pierre; Amit, Ido; Barlesi, Fabrice; Marabelle, Aurélien; Pène, Frédéric; Gachot, Bertrand; André, Fabrice; Zitvogel, Laurence; Ginhoux, Florent; Fontenay, Michaela; Solary, Eric title: Elevated calprotectin and abnormal myeloid cell subsets discriminate severe from mild COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 284944 cord_uid: hcgfe9wv file: cache/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.json key: cord-284925-vy2li9lz authors: Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu; Wong, Raymond Lai Man; Lai, Kenny Ho Wa; Ko, Chung-Nga; Leung, Hiu Ying; Lee, Vincent Yau Wing; Lau, Johnson Yiu Nam; Huang, Suber S. title: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection date: 2020-04-29 journal: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000280 sha: doc_id: 284925 cord_uid: vy2li9lz file: cache/cord-285111-qjclp51i.json key: cord-285111-qjclp51i authors: Davanzo, Riccardo; Moro, Guido; Sandri, Fabrizio; Agosti, Massimo; Moretti, Corrado; Mosca, Fabio title: Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies date: 2020-04-26 journal: Matern Child Nutr DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13010 sha: doc_id: 285111 cord_uid: qjclp51i file: cache/cord-284983-xvtkso79.json key: cord-284983-xvtkso79 authors: Vigiola Cruz, Mariana; Bellorin, Omar; Srivatana, Vesh; Afaneh, Cheguevara title: Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital date: 2020-05-26 journal: World J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05600-4 sha: doc_id: 284983 cord_uid: xvtkso79 file: cache/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.json key: cord-284995-8lyr3gs4 authors: Fiorina, Laurent; Younsi, Salem; Horvilleur, Jérôme; Manenti, Vladimir; Lacotte, Jérôme; Raimondo, Cristina; Chemaly, Pascale; Salerno, Fiorella; Said, Mina Ait title: COVID-19 et troubles du rythme date: 2020-10-02 journal: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.042 sha: doc_id: 284995 cord_uid: 8lyr3gs4 file: cache/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.json key: cord-285056-b2iltrqx authors: Dichter, Martin N.; Sander, Marco; Seismann-Petersen, Swantje; Köpke, Sascha title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes date: 2020-05-12 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000897 sha: doc_id: 285056 cord_uid: b2iltrqx file: cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.json key: cord-285223-07o9irev authors: Malik, Usman Rashid; Atif, Naveel; Hashmi, Furqan Khurshid; Saleem, Fahad; Saeed, Hamid; Islam, Muhammad; Jiang, Minghuan; Zhao, Mingyue; Yang, Caijun; Fang, Yu title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176395 sha: doc_id: 285223 cord_uid: 07o9irev file: cache/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.json key: cord-285187-1h5tjs0r authors: Kuchenbuch, Mathieu; d’Onofrio, Gianluca; Wirrell, Elaine; Jiang, Yuwu; Dupont, Sophie; Grinspan, Zachary M.; Auvin, Stephane; Wilmshurst, Jo M.; Arzimanoglou, Alexis; Cross, J. Helen; Specchio, Nicola; Nabbout, Rima title: An accelerated shift in the use of remote systems in epilepsy due to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-31 journal: Epilepsy Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107376 sha: doc_id: 285187 cord_uid: 1h5tjs0r file: cache/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.json key: cord-284910-vjcrhwqz authors: Kirresh, Ali; Coghlan, Gerry; Candilio, Luciano title: COVID-19 infection and high intracoronary thrombus burden date: 2020-07-30 journal: Cardiovasc Revasc Med DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.07.032 sha: doc_id: 284910 cord_uid: vjcrhwqz file: cache/cord-285228-famhbr16.json key: cord-285228-famhbr16 authors: Larsen, Joseph R.; Martin, Margaret R.; Martin, John D.; Kuhn, Peter; Hicks, James B. title: Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00473 sha: doc_id: 285228 cord_uid: famhbr16 file: cache/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.json key: cord-285202-aiap6z9u authors: Short, Briana; Parekh, Madhavi; Ryan, Patrick; Chiu, Maggie; Fine, Cynthia; Scala, Peter; Moses, Shirah; Jackson, Emily; Brodie, Daniel; Yip, Natalie H. title: Rapid implementation of a mobile prone team during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 285202 cord_uid: aiap6z9u file: cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.json key: cord-285291-pep4opiq authors: Remy, Kenneth E.; Verhoef, Philip A.; Malone, Jay R.; Ruppe, Michael D.; Kaselitz, Timothy B.; Lodeserto, Frank; Hirshberg, Eliotte L.; Slonim, Anthony; Dezfulian, Cameron title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002429 sha: doc_id: 285291 cord_uid: pep4opiq file: cache/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.json key: cord-285103-lj2vmbik authors: Louie, Philip K.; Harada, Garrett K.; McCarthy, Michael H.; Germscheid, Niccole; Cheung, Jason P. Y.; Neva, Marko H.; El-Sharkawi, Mohammad; Valacco, Marcelo; Sciubba, Daniel M.; Chutken, Norman B.; An, Howard S.; Samartzis, Dino title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Surgeons Worldwide date: 2020-05-06 journal: Global Spine J DOI: 10.1177/2192568220925783 sha: doc_id: 285103 cord_uid: lj2vmbik file: cache/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.json key: cord-285051-jmdfyydc authors: Fan, Wen-juan; Liu, Xiao-ling title: Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review date: 2020-07-02 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021026 sha: doc_id: 285051 cord_uid: jmdfyydc file: cache/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.json key: cord-285254-8a1cia8s authors: Parry, Nicola M.A. title: COVID-19 and pets: When pandemic meets panic date: 2020-12-31 journal: Forensic Science International: Reports DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100090 sha: doc_id: 285254 cord_uid: 8a1cia8s file: cache/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.json key: cord-285030-ecsa83kf authors: Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan; Ortega-Quijano, Daniel; Prieto-Barrios, Marta; Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M.; Fernandez-Nieto, Diego title: Reply to “COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue”: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 285030 cord_uid: ecsa83kf file: cache/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.json key: cord-285060-hzyf7w0k authors: Cruz, Misael C.; Flores, Jerickson Abbie S.; Paule, Jerome R.; Macalalad, John Michael; Lacuesta, Angela Vichelle A.; Francisco, Melania C.; Agustin, Mary Ann Rose D.; Banuelos, Gonzalo C.; Sarmiento, Thelma S.; Villegas, Fritzie C.; Tangco, Enrico D.; Olvina, Marigie C.; Aguilar, Carl Ruperto P.; Pusag, Cynthia T.; Enriquez, Katherine S.; Lo, Karl Jeremy B.; Ramos, Jaemelyn Marie F. title: Adapting to the contemporary normal in cancer management and workflow during COVID-19 situation in the Philippines: Multi-cancer center collaborative approach date: 2020-06-13 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 285060 cord_uid: hzyf7w0k file: cache/cord-285069-duiowb88.json key: cord-285069-duiowb88 authors: García-Pachón, Eduardo; Zamora-Molina, Lucía; Soler-Sempere, María J.; Baeza-Martínez, Carlos; Grau-Delgado, Justo; Padilla-Navas, Isabel; Gutiérrez, Félix title: Asma y EPOC en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 285069 cord_uid: duiowb88 file: cache/cord-285360-svczr721.json key: cord-285360-svczr721 authors: Ganesh, Aravind; Ospel, Johanna M.; Kromm, Julie; Goyal, Mayank title: Ignorance is not bliss: managing uncertainty in acute stroke treatment in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 journal: Neuroradiology DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02592-9 sha: doc_id: 285360 cord_uid: svczr721 file: cache/cord-284979-lyt98od1.json key: cord-284979-lyt98od1 authors: Sia, Charmaine Si Min; Cheong, Samantha Hui Ling; Ngoh, Clara Lee Ying; Tan, Yi Hern; Wong, Weng Kin title: Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Proposed Clinical Management Strategy date: 2020-07-30 journal: Case Rep Nephrol Dial DOI: 10.1159/000509792 sha: doc_id: 284979 cord_uid: lyt98od1 file: cache/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.json key: cord-285207-hsbzcpl3 authors: Facchin, Federico; Messana, Francesco; Sonda, Regina; Faccio, Diego; Tiengo, Cesare; Bassetto, Franco title: COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy date: 2020-05-04 journal: Hand Surg Rehabil DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.007 sha: doc_id: 285207 cord_uid: hsbzcpl3 file: cache/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.json key: cord-285369-ktg2b9jb authors: Mohamed, Mouhand F. H.; Al-Shokri, Shaikha; Yousaf, Zohaib; Danjuma, Mohammed; Parambil, Jessiya; Mohamed, Samreen; Mubasher, Mahmood; Dauleh, Mujahed M.; Hasanain, Bara; AlKahlout, Mohamed Awni; Abubeker, Ibrahim Y. title: Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-02 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0371 sha: doc_id: 285369 cord_uid: ktg2b9jb file: cache/cord-285349-850n4pot.json key: cord-285349-850n4pot authors: Omarjee, Loukman; Meilhac, Olivier; Perrot, Frédérique; Janin, Anne; Mahe, Guillaume title: Can Ticagrelor be used to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108468 sha: doc_id: 285349 cord_uid: 850n4pot file: cache/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.json key: cord-285370-qv64xzjh authors: Dandel, Michael title: Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection: the role of echocardiography in patient management date: 2020-08-24 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01507-3 sha: doc_id: 285370 cord_uid: qv64xzjh file: cache/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.json key: cord-285384-xay5aw7y authors: Naser, A. Y.; Dahmash, E. Z.; Al-Rousan, R.; Alwafi, H.; Alrawashdeh, H. M.; Ghoul, I.; Abidine, A.; Bokhary, M. A.; AL-Hadithi, H. T.; Ali, D.; Abuthawabeh, R.; Abdelwahab, G. M.; Alhartani, Y. J.; Al Muhaisen, H.; Dagash, A. title: Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20056374 sha: doc_id: 285384 cord_uid: xay5aw7y file: cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.json key: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 authors: Bein, Berthold; Bachmann, Martin; Huggett, Susanne; Wegermann, Petra title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 journal: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther DOI: 10.1055/a-1146-8674 sha: doc_id: 285315 cord_uid: 7r44j3q9 file: cache/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.json key: cord-285232-0p27ez9i authors: Boriani, Giuseppe; Palmisano, Pietro; Guerra, Federico; Bertini, Matteo; Zanotto, Gabriele; Lavalle, Carlo; Notarstefano, Pasquale; Accogli, Michele; Bisignani, Giovanni; Forleo, Giovanni Battista; Landolina, Maurizio; D’Onofrio, Antonio; Ricci, Renato; De Ponti, Roberto title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical activities related to arrhythmias and electrophysiology in Italy: results of a survey promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing) date: 2020-09-05 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02487-w sha: doc_id: 285232 cord_uid: 0p27ez9i file: cache/cord-285277-8w03car3.json key: cord-285277-8w03car3 authors: Hare, Nathan; Bansal, Priya; Bajowala, Sakina S.; Abramson, Stuart L.; Chervinskiy, Sheva; Corriel, Robert; Hauswirth, David W.; Kakumanu, Sujani; Mehta, Reena; Rashid, Quratulain; Rupp, Michael R.; Shih, Jennifer; Mosnaim, Giselle S. title: COVID-19: Unmasking Telemedicine. date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.038 sha: doc_id: 285277 cord_uid: 8w03car3 file: cache/cord-285407-h9og17i9.json key: cord-285407-h9og17i9 authors: Annunziata, Salvatore; Albano, Domenico; Laudicella, Riccardo; Bauckneht, Matteo title: Surveys on COVID-19 in nuclear medicine: what happened and what we learned date: 2020-09-24 journal: Clin Transl Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00391-z sha: doc_id: 285407 cord_uid: h9og17i9 file: cache/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.json key: cord-285327-m0yaa1oa authors: Vuitton, Dominique A.; Vuitton, Lucine; Seillès, Estelle; Galanaud, Pierre title: A plea for the pathogenic role of immune complexes in severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-08 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108493 sha: doc_id: 285327 cord_uid: m0yaa1oa file: cache/cord-285395-vybruu3o.json key: cord-285395-vybruu3o authors: Polat, Veli; Bostancı, Güngör İlayda title: Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02132-5 sha: doc_id: 285395 cord_uid: vybruu3o file: cache/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.json key: cord-285397-rc65rv6r authors: Comfort, Louise; Kapucu, Naim; Ko, Kilkon; Menoni, Scira; Siciliano, Michael title: Crisis Decision Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13252 sha: doc_id: 285397 cord_uid: rc65rv6r file: cache/cord-285428-fcrunf38.json key: cord-285428-fcrunf38 authors: Halstead, Scott B. title: COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale date: 2020-04-08 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0239 sha: doc_id: 285428 cord_uid: fcrunf38 file: cache/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.json key: cord-285469-b61y9ezi authors: Hernández-Fernández, Francisco; Valencia, Hernán Sandoval; Barbella-Aponte, Rosa Angélica; Collado-Jiménez, Rosa; Ayo-Martín, Óscar; Barrena, Cristina; Molina-Nuevo, Juan David; García-García, Jorge; Lozano-Setién, Elena; Alcahut-Rodriguez, Cristian; Martínez-Martín, Álvaro; Sánchez-López, Antonio; Segura, Tomás title: Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description date: 2020-07-09 journal: Brain DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa239 sha: doc_id: 285469 cord_uid: b61y9ezi file: cache/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.json key: cord-285406-mlpqvshk authors: Van Praet, Jens T.; Claeys, Bram; Coene, Ann-Sofie; Floré, Katelijne; Reynders, Marijke title: Prevention of nosocomial COVID-19: Another challenge of the pandemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.166 sha: doc_id: 285406 cord_uid: mlpqvshk file: cache/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.json key: cord-285472-cj5r3xt1 authors: Kaur, Parminder; Qaqa, Firas; Ramahi, Amr; Shamoon, Yezin; Singhal, Monisha; Shamoon, Fayez; Maroules, Michael; Singh, Balraj title: Acute upper limb ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 285472 cord_uid: cj5r3xt1 file: cache/cord-285484-owpnhplk.json key: cord-285484-owpnhplk authors: Salfi, F.; Amicucci, G.; Corigliano, D.; D'Atri, A.; Viselli, L.; Tempesta, D.; Ferrara, M. title: Changes of evening exposure to electronic devices during the COVID-19 lockdown affect the time course of sleep disturbances date: 2020-10-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20215756 sha: doc_id: 285484 cord_uid: owpnhplk file: cache/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.json key: cord-285490-tpsf05ca authors: Solís, José Gabriel; Esquivel Pineda, Alejandra; Alberti Minutti, Paolo; Albarrán Sánchez, Alejandra title: Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm date: 2020-07-29 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0692 sha: doc_id: 285490 cord_uid: tpsf05ca file: cache/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.json key: cord-285467-uxfk6k3c authors: Ragni, Enrico; Mangiavini, Laura; Viganò, Marco; Brini, Anna Teresa; Peretti, Giuseppe Michele; Banfi, Giuseppe; de Girolamo, Laura title: Management of osteoarthritis during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1910 sha: doc_id: 285467 cord_uid: uxfk6k3c file: cache/cord-285486-99trkti1.json key: cord-285486-99trkti1 authors: Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Esmail, Eslam Saber; Khalaf, Mai; Abdo, Ehab Fawzy; Medhat, Mohammed A.; Abd El Ghafar, Mohamed Samir; Ahmed, Ossama Ashraf; Soliman, Shaimaa; Serangawy, Ghada N.; Alboraie, Mohamed title: Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study date: 2020-08-14 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0873 sha: doc_id: 285486 cord_uid: 99trkti1 file: cache/cord-285402-x86yw525.json key: cord-285402-x86yw525 authors: Banskota, Swechya; Healy, Margaret; Goldberg, Elizabeth M. title: 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 sha: doc_id: 285402 cord_uid: x86yw525 file: cache/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.json key: cord-285491-ad6jiqh9 authors: Lazzerini, Marzia; Barbi, Egidio; Apicella, Andrea; Marchetti, Federico; Cardinale, Fabio; Trobia, Gianluca title: Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-09 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30108-5 sha: doc_id: 285491 cord_uid: ad6jiqh9 file: cache/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.json key: cord-285414-vd2d7db2 authors: Yu, Qian; Wang, Yuancheng; Huang, Shan; Liu, Songqiao; Zhou, Zhen; Zhang, Shijun; Zhao, Zhen; Yu, Yizhou; Yang, Yi; Ju, Shenghong title: Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 journal: Theranostics DOI: 10.7150/thno.46465 sha: doc_id: 285414 cord_uid: vd2d7db2 file: cache/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.json key: cord-285521-lvzdmtun authors: Olagundoye, Olawunmi; Enema, Oluwayemisi; Adebowale, Adunola title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective date: 2020-08-11 journal: Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2512 sha: doc_id: 285521 cord_uid: lvzdmtun file: cache/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.json key: cord-285526-xm9yj5ua authors: Gill, Balvinder Singh; Jayaraj, Vivek Jason; Singh, Sarbhan; Mohd Ghazali, Sumarni; Cheong, Yoon Ling; Md Iderus, Nuur Hafizah; Sundram, Bala Murali; Aris, Tahir Bin; Mohd Ibrahim, Hishamshah; Hong, Boon Hao; Labadin, Jane title: Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia date: 2020-07-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155509 sha: doc_id: 285526 cord_uid: xm9yj5ua file: cache/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.json key: cord-285533-f1fonmo6 authors: Zeng, Jia; Xie, Ming-Hui; Yang, Jing; Chao, Sheng-Wu; Xu, Er-Li title: Clinical efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3763 sha: doc_id: 285533 cord_uid: f1fonmo6 file: cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.json key: cord-285502-rvv64190 authors: Yang, Lie; Yu, Xiao; Wu, Xiaolong; Wang, Jia; Yan, Xiaoke; Jiang, Shen; Chen, Zhuqi title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 journal: Resour Conserv Recycl DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105074 sha: doc_id: 285502 cord_uid: rvv64190 file: cache/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.json key: cord-285574-i0dh1u5i authors: Ferini-Strambi, Luigi; Salsone, Maria title: COVID-19 and neurological disorders: are neurodegenerative or neuroimmunological diseases more vulnerable? date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10070-8 sha: doc_id: 285574 cord_uid: i0dh1u5i file: cache/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.json key: cord-285579-gvgt55o4 authors: Asif, Rehan; O' Mahony, Marcella Sinead title: Rare complication of COVID-19 presenting as isolated headache date: 2020-10-29 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239275 sha: doc_id: 285579 cord_uid: gvgt55o4 file: cache/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.json key: cord-285435-fu90vb2z authors: Björklund, Tua A.; Mikkonen, Maria; Mattila, Pauliina; van der Marel, Floris title: Expanding entrepreneurial solution spaces in times of crisis: Business model experimentation amongst packaged food and beverage ventures date: 2020-11-30 journal: Journal of Business Venturing Insights DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00197 sha: doc_id: 285435 cord_uid: fu90vb2z file: cache/cord-285510-qrivd52o.json key: cord-285510-qrivd52o authors: Zokaeinikoo, M.; Mitra, P.; Kumara, S.; Kazemian, P. title: AIDCOV: An Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Model for Detection of COVID-19 from Chest Radiography Images date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111922 sha: doc_id: 285510 cord_uid: qrivd52o file: cache/cord-285681-nv1aa116.json key: cord-285681-nv1aa116 authors: Lesniewski, Andrew title: Estimating population immunity without serological testing date: 2020-04-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076786 sha: doc_id: 285681 cord_uid: nv1aa116 file: cache/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.json key: cord-285726-eav5gr3y authors: Tran, B. X.; Ha, G. H.; Nguyen, L. H.; Vu, G. T.; Phan, H. T.; Le, H. T.; Latkin, C. A.; Ho, C. S. H.; Ho, R. C. M. title: Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 sha: doc_id: 285726 cord_uid: eav5gr3y file: cache/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.json key: cord-285739-0enn5bzn authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez, José; Muñoz, Javier Montero; Muela, Francisco Jiménez; García-Prendes, Cristina Guirola; Rivera, Marta Martínez; Armas, Laura Gómez title: Variables asociadas a mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría date: 2020-07-16 journal: Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 285739 cord_uid: 0enn5bzn file: cache/cord-285729-plbv62nz.json key: cord-285729-plbv62nz authors: Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Góes, Leonardo Garcia; Amaral, Stefani Garbulio; Ganadjian, Gabriela Terzian; Andrade, Isabelle; Almeida, Paulo Othávio de Araújo; do Carmo, Victor Mendes; Manso, Maria Elisa Gonzalez title: Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/0020764020970996 sha: doc_id: 285729 cord_uid: plbv62nz file: cache/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.json key: cord-285711-2utcn0hw authors: Elliott, Robert; Ohene Baah, Nana; Grossman, Valerie Aarne; Sharma, Ashwani Kumar title: COVID-19 Related Mortality During Management of a Hepatic Abscess date: 2020-09-22 journal: J Radiol Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 285711 cord_uid: 2utcn0hw file: cache/cord-285642-43sqmffe.json key: cord-285642-43sqmffe authors: Topriceanu, C.-C.; Wong, A.; Moon, J. C.; Hughes, A.; Bann, D.; Chaturvedi, N.; Patalay, P.; Conti, G.; Captur, G. title: Inequality in access to health and care services during lockdown - Findings from the COVID-19 survey in five UK national longitudinal studies date: 2020-09-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20191973 sha: doc_id: 285642 cord_uid: 43sqmffe file: cache/cord-285748-us5do6c2.json key: cord-285748-us5do6c2 authors: Cheng, Yongqian; Wang, Wenling; Wu, Liang; Cai, Guangyan title: SARS-CoV-2-Related Kidney Injury: Current Concern and Challenges date: 2020-09-23 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00529-0 sha: doc_id: 285748 cord_uid: us5do6c2 file: cache/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.json key: cord-285820-g8b7u3yf authors: Taxonera, Carlos; Alba, Cristina; Olivares, David; Martin, María; Ventero, Alejandro; Cañas, Mercedes title: Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on Patient-Reported Experience Measures date: 2020-08-19 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa223 sha: doc_id: 285820 cord_uid: g8b7u3yf file: cache/cord-285806-363ivs67.json key: cord-285806-363ivs67 authors: Magro, Giuseppe title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the 'culprit lesion' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc date: 2020-05-14 journal: Cytokine X DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100029 sha: doc_id: 285806 cord_uid: 363ivs67 file: cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.json key: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 authors: Huang, Rui; Zhu, Li; Xue, Leyang; Liu, Longgen; Yan, Xuebing; Wang, Jian; Zhang, Biao; Xu, Tianmin; Ji, Fang; Zhao, Yun; Cheng, Juan; Wang, Yinling; Shao, Huaping; Hong, Shuqin; Cao, Qi; Li, Chunyang; Zhao, Xiang-an; Zou, Lei; Sang, Dawen; Zhao, Haiyan; Guan, Xinying; Chen, Xiaobing; Shan, Chun; Xia, Juan; Chen, Yuxin; Yan, Xiaomin; Wei, Jie; Zhu, Chuanwu; Wu, Chao title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280 sha: doc_id: 285772 cord_uid: 4xt4anq5 file: cache/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.json key: cord-285513-pkqos0s5 authors: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina; Uhlen, Marte-Mari; Skudutyte-Rysstad, Rasa; Szyszko Hovden, Ewa Alicja; Shabestari, Maziar; Ansteinsson, Vibeke Elise title: Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway date: 2020-08-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165843 sha: doc_id: 285513 cord_uid: pkqos0s5 file: cache/cord-285580-gq7400tq.json key: cord-285580-gq7400tq authors: Pieretti, Joana C.; Rubilar, Olga; Weller, Richard B.; Tortella, Gonzalo R.; Seabra, Amedea B. title: Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles – potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-18 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198202 sha: doc_id: 285580 cord_uid: gq7400tq file: cache/cord-285755-zblitbo0.json key: cord-285755-zblitbo0 authors: Zhang, F.; Yang, D.; Li, J.; Gao, P.; Chen, T.; Cheng, Z.; Cheng, K.; Fang, Q.; Pan, W.; Yi, C.; Fan, H.; Wu, Y.; Li, L.; Fang, Y.; Liu, J.; Tian, G.; He, L. title: Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single center retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20040121 sha: doc_id: 285755 cord_uid: zblitbo0 file: cache/cord-285890-tbh54zju.json key: cord-285890-tbh54zju authors: Yuan, Niu; Yang, Wei-Xia; Lu, Jian-Li; Lv, Zhang-Hong title: Investigation of adverse reactions in healthcare personnel working in Level 3 barrier protection PPE to treat COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137854 sha: doc_id: 285890 cord_uid: tbh54zju file: cache/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.json key: cord-285731-nr7fmydo authors: Mikhael, Ehab Mudher; Al-Jumaili, Ali Azeez title: Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation date: 2020-11-30 journal: Public Health in Practice DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100004 sha: doc_id: 285731 cord_uid: nr7fmydo file: cache/cord-285829-adz819gj.json key: cord-285829-adz819gj authors: Maneenop, Sakkakom; Kotcharin, Suntichai title: The impacts of COVID-19 on the global airline industry:An event study approach date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Air Transp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101920 sha: doc_id: 285829 cord_uid: adz819gj file: cache/cord-285897-ahysay2l.json key: cord-285897-ahysay2l authors: Wu, Guangyao; Yang, Pei; Xie, Yuanliang; Woodruff, Henry C.; Rao, Xiangang; Guiot, Julien; Frix, Anne-Noelle; Louis, Renaud; Moutschen, Michel; Li, Jiawei; Li, Jing; Yan, Chenggong; Du, Dan; Zhao, Shengchao; Ding, Yi; Liu, Bin; Sun, Wenwu; Albarello, Fabrizio; D'Abramo, Alessandra; Schininà, Vincenzo; Nicastri, Emanuele; Occhipinti, Mariaelena; Barisione, Giovanni; Barisione, Emanuela; Halilaj, Iva; Lovinfosse, Pierre; Wang, Xiang; Wu, Jianlin; Lambin, Philippe title: Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Severity Risk Prediction and Triage of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission: an International Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-02 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01104-2020 sha: doc_id: 285897 cord_uid: ahysay2l file: cache/cord-285922-4gge917e.json key: cord-285922-4gge917e authors: Yusuff, Hakeem; Zochios, Vasileios; Brodie, Daniel title: Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-06-01 journal: ASAIO J DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001208 sha: doc_id: 285922 cord_uid: 4gge917e file: cache/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.json key: cord-285588-ug7upa3r authors: Ajibade, Ayomikun; Younas, Hiba; Pullan, Mark; Harky, Amer title: Telemedicine in cardiovascular surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and our experience date: 2020-08-16 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14933 sha: doc_id: 285588 cord_uid: ug7upa3r file: cache/cord-285955-fzm6036f.json key: cord-285955-fzm6036f authors: Nasir, N.; Mahmood, S. F.; Habib, K.; Khanum, I.; Jamil, B. title: Treatment of ARDS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 with IL-6 antagonist Tocilizumab: a tertiary care experience from Pakistan date: 2020-06-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20134072 sha: doc_id: 285955 cord_uid: fzm6036f file: cache/cord-285818-eh12luma.json key: cord-285818-eh12luma authors: Louis, Shreya; Dhawan, Andrew; Newey, Christopher; Nair, Dileep; Jehi, Lara; Hantus, Stephen; Punia, Vineet title: Continuous Electroencephalography Characteristics and Acute Symptomatic Seizures in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-26 journal: Clin Neurophysiol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 285818 cord_uid: eh12luma file: cache/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.json key: cord-285979-ha5nszxi authors: Rojas, Manuel; Rodríguez, Yhojan; Monsalve, Diana M.; Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny; Camacho, Bernardo; Gallo, Juan Esteban; Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana; Ramírez-Santana, Carolina; Díaz-Coronado, Juan C.; Manrique, Rubén; Mantilla, Ruben D.; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Anaya, Juan-Manuel title: Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action date: 2020-05-05 journal: Autoimmun Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102554 sha: doc_id: 285979 cord_uid: ha5nszxi file: cache/cord-286084-2275xvxb.json key: cord-286084-2275xvxb authors: Dixit, Alok; Yadav, Ramakant; Singh, Amit Vikram title: Ivermectin: Potential Role as Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-19 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.15 sha: doc_id: 286084 cord_uid: 2275xvxb file: cache/cord-286142-mx7u635d.json key: cord-286142-mx7u635d authors: Ashby, Michael A. title: Life Goes On date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-09986-7 sha: doc_id: 286142 cord_uid: mx7u635d file: cache/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.json key: cord-285993-n5fmah6a authors: Stahl, Klaus; Gronski, Phillip Alexander; Kiyan, Yulia; Seeliger, Benjamin; Bertram, Anna; Pape, Thorben; Welte, Tobias; Hoeper, Marius M.; Haller, Hermann; David, Sascha title: Injury to the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2676le sha: doc_id: 285993 cord_uid: n5fmah6a file: cache/cord-286186-93atag0q.json key: cord-286186-93atag0q authors: Hansen, Jan-Cedric title: Commentaire cindynique sur l’épidémiologie de la pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pxur.2020.08.013 sha: doc_id: 286186 cord_uid: 93atag0q file: cache/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.json key: cord-285944-8lapwnuw authors: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya; Shabarek, Nehad title: Hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26154 sha: doc_id: 285944 cord_uid: 8lapwnuw file: cache/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.json key: cord-286222-8gfo2c87 authors: Chandra, Dr Prabha S; Shiva, Dr Lakshmi; Nagendrappa, Dr Sachin; Ganjekar, Dr Sundarnag; Thippeswamy, Dr Harish title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India date: 2020-05-27 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113136 sha: doc_id: 286222 cord_uid: 8gfo2c87 file: cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.json key: cord-285960-1zuhilmu authors: Conly, John; Seto, W. H.; Pittet, Didier; Holmes, Alison; Chu, May; Hunter, Paul R. title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00779-6 sha: doc_id: 285960 cord_uid: 1zuhilmu file: cache/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.json key: cord-286144-6wtk5y7c authors: Tini, Giulia; Duso, Bruno Achutti; Bellerba, Federica; Corso, Federica; Gandini, Sara; Minucci, Saverio; Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe; Mazzarella, Luca title: Semantic and Geographical Analysis of COVID-19 Trials Reveals a Fragmented Clinical Research Landscape Likely to Impair Informativeness date: 2020-06-29 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00367 sha: doc_id: 286144 cord_uid: 6wtk5y7c file: cache/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.json key: cord-286133-h8jgwe4z authors: Gattinoni, Luciano; Coppola, Silvia; Cressoni, Massimo; Busana, Mattia; Rossi, Sandra; Chiumello, Davide title: Reply by Gattinoni et al. to Hedenstierna et al., to Maley et al., to Fowler et al., to Bhatia and Mohammed, to Bos, to Koumbourlis and Motoyama, and to Haouzi et al. date: 2020-08-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1052le sha: doc_id: 286133 cord_uid: h8jgwe4z file: cache/cord-286146-im42752g.json key: cord-286146-im42752g authors: Nakamura, Hiroki; Managi, Shunsuke title: Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-01 journal: Transp Policy (Oxf) DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 286146 cord_uid: im42752g file: cache/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.json key: cord-286227-foeb0g7u authors: Potekaev, Nikolai N.; Zhukova, Olga V.; Protsenko, Denis N.; Demina, Olga M.; Khlystova, Elena A.; Bogin, Vlad title: Clinical characteristics of dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 infection: case series of 15 patients, review of literature, and proposed etiological classification date: 2020-07-03 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15030 sha: doc_id: 286227 cord_uid: foeb0g7u file: cache/cord-285872-rnayrws3.json key: cord-285872-rnayrws3 authors: Elgendi, Mohamed; Nasir, Muhammad Umer; Tang, Qunfeng; Fletcher, Richard Ribon; Howard, Newton; Menon, Carlo; Ward, Rabab; Parker, William; Nicolaou, Savvas title: The Performance of Deep Neural Networks in Differentiating Chest X-Rays of COVID-19 Patients From Other Bacterial and Viral Pneumonias date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00550 sha: doc_id: 285872 cord_uid: rnayrws3 file: cache/cord-286168-019rcbpg.json key: cord-286168-019rcbpg authors: Vindegaard, Nina; Eriksen Benros, Michael title: COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence date: 2020-05-30 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048 sha: doc_id: 286168 cord_uid: 019rcbpg file: cache/cord-286193-3yy9exry.json key: cord-286193-3yy9exry authors: Burton, Jennifer K; Bayne, Gwen; Evans, Christine; Garbe, Frederike; Gorman, Dermot; Honhold, Naomi; McCormick, Duncan; Othieno, Richard; Stevenson, Janet E; Swietlik, Stefanie; Templeton, Kate E; Tranter, Mette; Willocks, Lorna; Guthrie, Bruce title: Evolution and effects of COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: a population analysis in 189 care homes in one geographical region of the UK date: 2020-10-31 journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30012-x sha: doc_id: 286193 cord_uid: 3yy9exry file: cache/cord-286220-0einpgeu.json key: cord-286220-0einpgeu authors: Moreira, Diana Nadine; da Costa, Mariana Pinto title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence date: 2020-06-26 journal: Int J Law Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101606 sha: doc_id: 286220 cord_uid: 0einpgeu file: cache/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.json key: cord-285946-1q4k5bnh authors: Birk, Rubinder; Shaw, Dominick; Kennedy, Cheika; Higashi, Yutaro; Patel, Roma; Gupta, Ayushman; Au-Yong, Iain title: Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study date: 2020-09-23 journal: Curr Probl Diagn Radiol DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 285946 cord_uid: 1q4k5bnh file: cache/cord-286110-alix1s1w.json key: cord-286110-alix1s1w authors: Fitzgerald, Dominic A.; Maclean, Joanna; Rubin, Bruce K. title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on children, families and the future date: 2020-06-27 journal: Paediatr Respir Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 286110 cord_uid: alix1s1w file: cache/cord-286238-s64eueie.json key: cord-286238-s64eueie authors: Angelidis, G.; Valotassiou, V.; Psimadas, D.; Georgoulias, P. title: A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Nucl Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02305-y sha: doc_id: 286238 cord_uid: s64eueie file: cache/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.json key: cord-286237-x6dr6rsh authors: Maes, Bastiaan; Bosteels, Cedric; De Leeuw, Elisabeth; Declercq, Jozefien; Van Damme, Karel; Delporte, Anja; Demeyere, Bénédicte; Vermeersch, Stéfanie; Vuylsteke, Marnik; Willaert, Joren; Bollé, Laura; Vanbiervliet, Yuri; Decuypere, Jana; Libeer, Frederick; Vandecasteele, Stefaan; Peene, Isabelle; Lambrecht, Bart title: Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-03 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04453-5 sha: doc_id: 286237 cord_uid: x6dr6rsh file: cache/cord-286335-benansqq.json key: cord-286335-benansqq authors: Faqihi, Fahad; Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Pirompanich, Pattarin; Noor, Alfateh; Shahzad, Ahmad; Naseem, Nasir; Balhamar, Abdullah; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency date: 2020-08-28 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101203 sha: doc_id: 286335 cord_uid: benansqq file: cache/cord-286194-2emwfx89.json key: cord-286194-2emwfx89 authors: Mirzaei, Hossein; McFarland, Willi; Karamouzian, Mohammad; Sharifi, Hamid title: COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02983-2 sha: doc_id: 286194 cord_uid: 2emwfx89 file: cache/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.json key: cord-286298-pn9nwl64 authors: Helmy, Yosra A.; Fawzy, Mohamed; Elaswad, Ahmed; Sobieh, Ahmed; Kenney, Scott P.; Shehata, Awad A. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041225 sha: doc_id: 286298 cord_uid: pn9nwl64 file: cache/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.json key: cord-286419-jyvj3mo2 authors: Rahaman Khan, Hasinur; Hossain, Ahmed title: Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078238 sha: doc_id: 286419 cord_uid: jyvj3mo2 file: cache/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.json key: cord-286403-gdkwabcj authors: Rosovsky, Rachel P.; Grodzin, Charles; Channick, Richard; Davis, George A.; Giri, Jay S.; Horowitz, James; Kabrhel, Christopher; Lookstein, Robert; Merli, Geno; Morris, Timothy A.; Rivera-Lebron, Belinda; Tapson, Victor; Todoran, Thomas M.; Weinberg, Aaron S.; Rosenfield, Kenneth title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium date: 2020-08-27 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2064 sha: doc_id: 286403 cord_uid: gdkwabcj file: cache/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.json key: cord-286418-9ho5fg3h authors: Jenkins, Ian; Sebasky, Meghan; Bell, John; Horman, Sarah; Hong, Jonathan; Bouland, Dan; Seymann, FACP Greg title: Lessons from Walking the Medical Distancing Tightrope date: 2020-05-28 journal: Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 286418 cord_uid: 9ho5fg3h file: cache/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.json key: cord-286365-fy0a8mb4 authors: ElHawary, Hassan; Salimi, Ali; Diab, Nermin; Smith, Lee title: Bibliometric Analysis of Early COVID-19 Research: The Top 50 Cited Papers date: 2020-10-13 journal: Infect Dis (Auckl) DOI: 10.1177/1178633720962935 sha: doc_id: 286365 cord_uid: fy0a8mb4 file: cache/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.json key: cord-286415-flo3dqsm authors: Fried, Justin A.; Ramasubbu, Kumudha; Bhatt, Reema; Topkara, Veli K.; Clerkin, Kevin J.; Horn, Evelyn; Rabbani, LeRoy; Brodie, Daniel; Jain, Sneha S.; Kirtane, Ajay J.; Masoumi, Amirali; Takeda, Koji; Kumaraiah, Deepa; Burkhoff, Daniel; Leon, Martin; Schwartz, Allan; Uriel, Nir; Sayer, Gabriel title: The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-04 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047164 sha: doc_id: 286415 cord_uid: flo3dqsm file: cache/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.json key: cord-286485-tt9ysg0w authors: Lucius, M.; Belvisi, M.; Galmarini, C. M. title: ROBUST COVID-19-RELATED CONDITION CLASSIFICATION NETWORK date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106336 sha: doc_id: 286485 cord_uid: tt9ysg0w file: cache/cord-286280-bxfea097.json key: cord-286280-bxfea097 authors: Chang, Connie Y.; Prabhakar, Anand; Staffa, Steven J.; Husseini, Jad S.; Kheterpal, Arvin B.; Simeone, F. Joseph; Bredella, Miriam A. title: Symptomatic COVID-19 infections in outpatient image-guided corticosteroid injection patients during the lockdown phase date: 2020-10-27 journal: Skeletal Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03656-w sha: doc_id: 286280 cord_uid: bxfea097 file: cache/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.json key: cord-286523-4ip8er0h authors: Grippaudo, Francesca Romana; Migliano, Emilia; Redi, Ugo; Turriziani, Gianmarco; Marino, Davide; D’Ermo, Giuseppe; Ribuffo, Diego title: The impact of COVID-19 in plastic surgery departments: a comparative retrospective study in a COVID-19 and in a non-COVID-19 hospital date: 2020-08-26 journal: Eur J Plast Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00238-020-01725-w sha: doc_id: 286523 cord_uid: 4ip8er0h file: cache/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.json key: cord-286408-bhrrb5s7 authors: nan title: Medical sequelae of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Bull Acad Natl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 286408 cord_uid: bhrrb5s7 file: cache/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.json key: cord-286241-ej9guh4d authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? date: 2020-10-21 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 286241 cord_uid: ej9guh4d file: cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.json key: cord-286477-0euaaspo authors: Li, Xiaochen; Xu, Shuyun; Yu, Muqing; Wang, Ke; Tao, Yu; Zhou, Ying; Shi, Jing; Zhou, Min; Wu, Bo; Yang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Cong; Yue, Junqing; Zhang, Zhiguo; Renz, Harald; Liu, Xiansheng; Xie, Jungang; Xie, Min; Zhao, Jianping title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 286477 cord_uid: 0euaaspo file: cache/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.json key: cord-286293-f5qg7vcz authors: Ullah, Waqas; Saeed, Rehan; Sarwar, Usman; Patel, Rajesh; Fischman, David L. title: COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure date: 2020-04-17 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 286293 cord_uid: f5qg7vcz file: cache/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.json key: cord-286552-4ip0yl0n authors: Romero, Carolina S.; Delgado, Carlos; Catalá, Juan; Ferrer, Carolina; Errando, Carlos; Iftimi, Adina; Benito, Ana; de Andrés, Jose; Otero, Maria title: COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group date: 2020-05-14 journal: Psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001671 sha: doc_id: 286552 cord_uid: 4ip0yl0n file: cache/cord-286525-0354438s.json key: cord-286525-0354438s authors: Lee, Todd C.; Butler-Laporte, Guillaume; Chagla, Zain; McDonald, Emily G. title: Tocilizumab versus the covid19 tempest: all’s well that ends well or much ado about nothing? date: 2020-09-29 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.033 sha: doc_id: 286525 cord_uid: 0354438s file: cache/cord-286526-3070a2cy.json key: cord-286526-3070a2cy authors: Raval, Jay S.; Burnett, Allison E.; Rollins‐Raval, Marian A.; Griggs, Joseph R.; Rosenbaum, Lizabeth; Nielsen, Nathan D.; Harkins, Michelle S. title: Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? date: 2020-05-22 journal: Transfusion DOI: 10.1111/trf.15847 sha: doc_id: 286526 cord_uid: 3070a2cy file: cache/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.json key: cord-286441-nl3kuqw3 authors: Murray, D. D.; Babiker, A. G.; Baker, J. V.; Barkauskas, C. E.; Brown, S. M.; Chang, C.; Davey, V. J.; Gelijns, A. C.; Ginde, A. A.; Grund, B.; Higgs, E.; Hudson, F.; Kan, V. K.; Lane, H. C.; Murray, T. A.; Paredes, R.; Parmar, M. K. B.; Pett, S.; Phillips, A. N.; Polizzotto, M. N.; Reilly, C.; Sandkovsky, U.; Sharma, S.; Teitelbaum, M.; Thompson, B. T.; Young, B. E.; Neaton, J. D.; Lundgren, J. D.; group, TICO study title: Design and implementation of the multi-arm, multi-stage Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) platform master protocol: An Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) initiative date: 2020-11-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20227876 sha: doc_id: 286441 cord_uid: nl3kuqw3 file: cache/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.json key: cord-286520-oh95lnf9 authors: Levi, Marcel; Thachil, Jecko title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy—Either, Neither, or Both date: 2020-06-08 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712156 sha: doc_id: 286520 cord_uid: oh95lnf9 file: cache/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.json key: cord-286269-vrjyj2y1 authors: Sagheb, Setareh; Lamsehchi, Ameneh; Jafary, Mohamadreza; Atef-Yekta, Reza; Sadeghi, Kourosh title: Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report date: 2020-09-21 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00897-2 sha: doc_id: 286269 cord_uid: vrjyj2y1 file: cache/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.json key: cord-286573-k4khwvt7 authors: Peng, Michael; Dai, Jiannong; Sugali, Chenna Kesavulu; Rayana, Naga Pradeep; Mao, Weiming title: The Role of the Ocular Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-10-02 journal: Clin Ophthalmol DOI: 10.2147/opth.s269868 sha: doc_id: 286573 cord_uid: k4khwvt7 file: cache/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.json key: cord-286413-a7wue2e3 authors: Cohen, Isaac V.; Makunts, Tigran; Moumedjian, Talar; Issa, Masara A.; Abagyan, Ruben title: Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports date: 2020-11-05 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76258-0 sha: doc_id: 286413 cord_uid: a7wue2e3 file: cache/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.json key: cord-286560-lhbp4nn0 authors: Eckermann, Marina; Frohn, Jasper; Reichardt, Marius; Osterhoff, Markus; Sprung, Michael; Westermeier, Fabian; Tzankov, Alexandar; Werlein, Christopher; Kühnel, Mark; Jonigk, Danny; Salditt, Tim title: 3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography date: 2020-08-20 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.60408 sha: doc_id: 286560 cord_uid: lhbp4nn0 file: cache/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.json key: cord-286543-mtjk59rp authors: Al-Zaman, Md. Sayeed title: Healthcare Crisis in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0826 sha: doc_id: 286543 cord_uid: mtjk59rp file: cache/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.json key: cord-286740-1esvgcxp authors: Singh, S.; Singh, R. K. title: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ZINC IN COVID-19 INFECTIONS AND MORTALITY: IS ZINC DEFICIENCY A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19? date: 2020-06-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20105676 sha: doc_id: 286740 cord_uid: 1esvgcxp file: cache/cord-286341-16tghl48.json key: cord-286341-16tghl48 authors: CONCHA-MEJIA, A.; RINCON-SANCHEZ, R. A. title: CCOFEE-GI Study: Colombian COVID19 First Experience in Gastroentrology. Characterization of digestive manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a highly complex institution in Bogota D.C., Colombia date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161604 sha: doc_id: 286341 cord_uid: 16tghl48 file: cache/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.json key: cord-286565-bmcsyfz9 authors: Akdeniz, Gulsum; Kavakci, Mariam; Gozugok, Muharrem; Yalcinkaya, Semiha; Kucukay, Alper; Sahutogullari, Bilal title: A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey date: 2020-07-15 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00695 sha: doc_id: 286565 cord_uid: bmcsyfz9 file: cache/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.json key: cord-286576-nirg7jdq authors: Wang, Jiangshan; Zong, Liang; Zhang, Jinghong; Sun, Han; Joseph, Walline Harold; Sun, Pengxia; Xu, Shengyong; Li, Yan; Wang, Chunting; Liu, Jihai; Li, Fan; Xu, Jun; Li, Yi; Yu, Xuezhong; Zhu, Huadong title: Separate Fever Clinics Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 and Offload Emergency Resources: Analysis from a large tertiary hospital in China date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20051813 sha: doc_id: 286576 cord_uid: nirg7jdq file: cache/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.json key: cord-286885-eih8a6ul authors: Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad title: One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world date: 2020-05-06 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.200 sha: doc_id: 286885 cord_uid: eih8a6ul file: cache/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.json key: cord-286544-ipmcqz8n authors: Cheng, Biao; Hu, Jiahao; Zuo, Xiuran; Chen, Jian; Li, Xiaochao; Chen, Yuchen; Yang, Guoliang; Shi, Xiaowu; Deng, Aiping title: Predictors of progression from moderate to severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort date: 2020-07-02 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.033 sha: doc_id: 286544 cord_uid: ipmcqz8n file: cache/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.json key: cord-286644-fafqg4i3 authors: Paramore, Louise; Yang, Bob; Abdelmotagly, Yehia; Noureldin, Mohamed; McLean, Duncan; Rajkumar, Govindaraj; Adamson, Andrew; Emara, Amr; White, Christopher; Hindley, Richard; Nedas, Timothy title: Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients. date: 2020-05-14 journal: BJU Int DOI: 10.1111/bju.15110 sha: doc_id: 286644 cord_uid: fafqg4i3 file: cache/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.json key: cord-286853-9gbel3pq authors: Kim, Jiwon; Volodarskiy, Alexander; Sultana, Razia; Pollie, Meridith P.; Yum, Brian; Nambiar, Lakshmi; Tafreshi, Romina; Mitlak, Hannah W.; RoyChoudhury, Arindam; Horn, Evelyn M.; Hriljac, Ingrid; Narula, Nupoor; Kim, Sijun; Ndhlovu, Lishomwa; Goyal, Parag; Safford, Monika M.; Shaw, Leslee; Devereux, Richard B.; Weinsaft, Jonathan W. title: Prognostic Utility of Right Ventricular Remodeling Over Conventional Risk Stratification in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.066 sha: doc_id: 286853 cord_uid: 9gbel3pq file: cache/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.json key: cord-286887-s8lvimt3 authors: Nour, Majid; Cömert, Zafer; Polat, Kemal title: A Novel Medical Diagnosis model for COVID-19 infection detection based on Deep Features and Bayesian Optimization date: 2020-07-28 journal: Appl Soft Comput DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106580 sha: doc_id: 286887 cord_uid: s8lvimt3 file: cache/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.json key: cord-286915-lhxg4vjn authors: Keller, Brian C.; Le, Anh; Sobhanie, Mahdee; Colburn, Nora; Burcham, Pamela; Rosenheck, Justin; Howsare, Molly; Ganapathi, Asvin M.; Atyia, Sara A.; Haden, Michael; Whitson, Bryan A.; Mokadam, Nahush A.; Nunley, David R. title: Early COVID‐19 infection after lung transplantation date: 2020-06-11 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16097 sha: doc_id: 286915 cord_uid: lhxg4vjn file: cache/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.json key: cord-286932-2gjnpqqa authors: Lee, Yung; Kirubarajan, Abirami; Patro, Nivedh; Soon, Melissa Sam; Doumouras, Aristithes G.; Hong, Dennis title: Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-12 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.11.019 sha: doc_id: 286932 cord_uid: 2gjnpqqa file: cache/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.json key: cord-286957-qmh35xyy authors: Aziz, Muhammad; Goyal, Hemant; Haghbin, Hossein; Lee-Smith, Wade M.; Gajendran, Mahesh; Perisetti, Abhilash title: The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.017 sha: doc_id: 286957 cord_uid: qmh35xyy file: cache/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.json key: cord-286960-uz34fjyp authors: Ali, Nurshad title: Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021 sha: doc_id: 286960 cord_uid: uz34fjyp file: cache/cord-286709-rend93ng.json key: cord-286709-rend93ng authors: Kim, D.H.; Chadha, N.K.; Nguyen, L.; Husein, M. title: Personal protective equipment availability and usage amongst pediatric otorhinolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey date: 2020-09-01 journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110349 sha: doc_id: 286709 cord_uid: rend93ng file: cache/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.json key: cord-286799-q9p5kg65 authors: Huang, Huang; Cai, Shuijiang; Li, Yueping; Li, Youxia; Fan, Yinqiang; Li, Linghua; Lei, Chunliang; Tang, Xiaoping; Hu, Fengyu; Li, Feng; Deng, Xilong title: Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 Pneumonia Progression to Severe Symptoms Based on Earlier Clinical Features: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-10-05 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.557453 sha: doc_id: 286799 cord_uid: q9p5kg65 file: cache/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.json key: cord-286958-e1ey31eo authors: Patel, Urvish; Malik, Preeti; Mehta, Deep; Shah, Dhaivat; Kelkar, Raveena; Pinto, Candida; Suprun, Maria; Dhamoon, Mandip; Hennig, Nils; Sacks, Henry title: Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-08-15 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020506 sha: doc_id: 286958 cord_uid: e1ey31eo file: cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.json key: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv authors: Jin, Xi; Xu, Kangli; Jiang, Penglei; Lian, Jiangshan; Hao, Shaorui; Yao, Hangping; Jia, Hongyu; Zhang, Yimin; Zheng, Lin; Zheng, Nuoheng; Chen, Dong; Yao, Jinmei; Hu, Jianhua; Gao, Jianguo; Wen, Liang; Shen, Jian; Ren, Yue; Yu, Guodong; Wang, Xiaoyan; Lu, Yingfeng; Yu, Xiaopeng; Yu, Liang; Xiang, Dairong; Wu, Nanping; Lu, Xiangyun; Cheng, Linfang; Liu, Fumin; Wu, Haibo; Jin, Changzhong; Yang, Xiaofeng; Qian, Pengxu; Qiu, Yunqing; Sheng, Jifang; Liang, Tingbo; Li, Lanjuan; Yang, Yida title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 sha: doc_id: 286854 cord_uid: 0s7oq0uv file: cache/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.json key: cord-287027-ahoo6j3o authors: Lai, Yuan; Charpignon, Marie-Laure; Ebner, Daniel K.; Celi, Leo Anthony title: Unsupervised Learning for County-Level Typological Classification for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-08-30 journal: Intelligence-based medicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmed.2020.100002 sha: doc_id: 287027 cord_uid: ahoo6j3o file: cache/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.json key: cord-286923-o4fj8kx0 authors: Berhan, Yifru title: What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Reprod Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180 sha: doc_id: 286923 cord_uid: o4fj8kx0 file: cache/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.json key: cord-287091-a3nieh5p authors: Kumar, Anuj; Choudhir, Gourav; Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar; Sharma, Mansi; Tyagi, Pankaj; Bhushan, Arvind; Rathore, Madhu title: Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Biomol Struct Dyn DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1772112 sha: doc_id: 287091 cord_uid: a3nieh5p file: cache/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.json key: cord-287057-1g5i8li4 authors: Rabiller, G; Cordoba, N; Poch, C; Silva Paulo, P; Seijas, M; Vazquez, M. F title: Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria en Argentina durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo date: 2020-09-12 journal: Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 287057 cord_uid: 1g5i8li4 file: cache/cord-286975-id5dn795.json key: cord-286975-id5dn795 authors: Carlitz, Ruth D.; Makhura, Moraka N. title: Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105168 sha: doc_id: 286975 cord_uid: id5dn795 file: cache/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.json key: cord-286901-whvq8y1p authors: Vidali, Sofia; Morosetti, Daniele; Cossu, Elsa; Luisi, Maria Luisa Eliana; Pancani, Silvia; Semeraro, Vittorio; Consales, Guglielmo title: D-dimer as an indicator of prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 journal: ERJ Open Res DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00260-2020 sha: doc_id: 286901 cord_uid: whvq8y1p file: cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.json key: cord-287102-o19uwryp authors: Amit, Moran; Sorkin, Alex; Chen, Jacob; Cohen, Barak; Karol, Dana; Tsur, Avishai M; Lev, Shaul; Rozenblat, Tal; Dvir, Ayana; Landau, Geva; Fridrich, Lidar; Glassberg, Elon; Kesari, Shani; Sviri, Sigal; Gelman, Ram; Miller, Asaf; Epstein, Danny; Ben-Avi, Ronny; Matan, Moshe; Jakobson, Daniel J.; Bader, Tarif; Dahan, David; King, Daniel A.; Ben-Ari, Anat; Soroksky, Arie; Bar, Alon; Fink, Noam; Singer, Pierre; Benov, Avi title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072282 sha: doc_id: 287102 cord_uid: o19uwryp file: cache/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.json key: cord-287100-xkp8a9b9 authors: López-Díaz, Álvaro; Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto; Ruiz-Veguilla, Miguel title: COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: Time for Collaborative Research date: 2020-10-31 journal: Biol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.011 sha: doc_id: 287100 cord_uid: xkp8a9b9 file: cache/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.json key: cord-287094-73o7xxgt authors: Lechien, Jerome R.; Chiesa‐Estomba, Carlos M.; Fakhry, Nicolas; Ayad, Tareck; Saussez, Sven title: In Reference to Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.28841 sha: doc_id: 287094 cord_uid: 73o7xxgt file: cache/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.json key: cord-286638-bqxyb61p authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Gupta, Ritesh; Ghosh, Amerta; Misra, Anoop title: Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations date: 2020-04-09 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 286638 cord_uid: bqxyb61p file: cache/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.json key: cord-287220-mpnuhqwg authors: Giuliani, C.; Li Volsi, P.; Brun, E.; Chiambretti, A.; Giandalia, A.; Tonutti, L.; Di Bartolo, P.; Napoli, A. title: Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD date: 2020-05-30 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108239 sha: doc_id: 287220 cord_uid: mpnuhqwg file: cache/cord-287136-3cml1shh.json key: cord-287136-3cml1shh authors: Dopfer, Christian; Wetzke, Martin; Zychlinsky Scharff, Anna; Mueller, Frank; Dressler, Frank; Baumann, Ulrich; Sasse, Michael; Hansen, Gesine; Jablonka, Alexandra; Happle, Christine title: COVID-19 related reduction in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization – a concerning trend date: 2020-09-07 journal: BMC Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02303-6 sha: doc_id: 287136 cord_uid: 3cml1shh file: cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.json key: cord-286683-mettlmhz authors: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Simbaña-Rivera, Katherine; Gómez-Barreno, Lenin; Rubio-Neira, Mario; Guaman, Linda P.; Kyriakidis, Nikolaos C; Muslin, Claire; Jaramillo, Ana María Gómez; Barba-Ostria, Carlos; Cevallos-Robalino, Doménica; Sanches-SanMiguel, Hugo; Unigarro, Luis; Zalakeviciute, Rasa; Gadian, Naomi; López-Cortés, Andrés title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 sha: doc_id: 286683 cord_uid: mettlmhz file: cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.json key: cord-287191-e8073l9p authors: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-0751 sha: doc_id: 287191 cord_uid: e8073l9p file: cache/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.json key: cord-287221-oh7lnxwt authors: Kock, Florian; Nørfelt, Astrid; Josiassen, Alexander; Assaf, A. George; Tsionas, Mike title: Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm date: 2020-09-09 journal: Ann Tour Res DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103053 sha: doc_id: 287221 cord_uid: oh7lnxwt file: cache/cord-287076-uxuff57y.json key: cord-287076-uxuff57y authors: Wolfson, Julia A.; Leung, Cindy W. title: Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults date: 2020-06-02 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12061648 sha: doc_id: 287076 cord_uid: uxuff57y file: cache/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.json key: cord-287161-hqrql1lh authors: McGrail, D. E.; Edwards, D. title: COVID-19 Case Series at UnityPoint Health St. Lukes Hospital in Cedar Rapids, IA date: 2020-07-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156521 sha: doc_id: 287161 cord_uid: hqrql1lh file: cache/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.json key: cord-287011-yd8ayqgc authors: Rajajee, Venkatakrishna; Williamson, Craig A. title: Use of a Novel Negative-Pressure Tent During Bedside Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01068-1 sha: doc_id: 287011 cord_uid: yd8ayqgc file: cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.json key: cord-287303-b7vg439c authors: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe; Groves, Helen E.; Kitano, Taito; Arnold, Callum; Thomas, Angela; Streitenberger, Laurie; Alexander, Laura; Morris, Shaun K.; Science, Michelle title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.415 sha: doc_id: 287303 cord_uid: b7vg439c file: cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.json key: cord-287222-wojyisu0 authors: Zhou, Min; Zhang, Xinxin; Qu, Jieming title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8 sha: doc_id: 287222 cord_uid: wojyisu0 file: cache/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.json key: cord-287156-3plpi6i9 authors: Lassandro, Giuseppe; Palladino, Valentina; Amoruso, Anna; Palmieri, Viviana Valeria; Russo, Giovanna; Giordano, Paola title: Children in Coronaviruses’ Wonderland: What Clinicians Need to Know date: 2020-07-01 journal: Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.042 sha: doc_id: 287156 cord_uid: 3plpi6i9 file: cache/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.json key: cord-287203-8ml2ic4a authors: Moreno, G.; Carbonell, R.; Bodí, M.; Rodríguez, A. title: Revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad pronóstica del dímero-D, coagulación intravascular diseminada y tratamiento anticoagulante en pacientes graves con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Med Intensiva DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 287203 cord_uid: 8ml2ic4a file: cache/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.json key: cord-287321-1ro10ujr authors: Alpaydin, Aylin Ozgen; Gezer, Naciye Sinem; Simsek, Gokçen Omeroğlu; Tertemiz, Kemal Can; Kutsoylu, Oya Ozlem Eren; Zeka, Arzu Nazli; Guzel, Irmak; Soyturk, Mujde; Sayiner, Ayca Arzu; Oguz, Vildan Avkan title: Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis of Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Viruses in the Era of Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26410 sha: doc_id: 287321 cord_uid: 1ro10ujr file: cache/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.json key: cord-287247-vv0zc0gd authors: Gutman, Julie R.; Lucchi, Naomi W.; Cantey, Paul T.; Steinhardt, Laura C.; Samuels, Aaron M.; Kamb, Mary L.; Kapella, Bryan K.; McElroy, Peter D.; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Lindblade, Kim A. title: Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19? date: 2020-06-01 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0516 sha: doc_id: 287247 cord_uid: vv0zc0gd file: cache/cord-287338-pws42iay.json key: cord-287338-pws42iay authors: Gendelman, Omer; Amital, Howard; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Watad, Abdulla; Chodick, Gabriel title: Continuous hydroxychloroquine or colchicine therapy does not prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a large healthcare database analysis date: 2020-05-05 journal: Autoimmun Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102566 sha: doc_id: 287338 cord_uid: pws42iay file: cache/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.json key: cord-287336-jvc1e8cq authors: Sass, J.; Bartschke, A.; Lehne, M.; Essenwanger, A.; Rinaldi, E.; Rudolph, S.; Heitmann, K. 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J.; von Kalle, C.; Thun, S. title: The German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO): A standardized dataset for COVID-19 research date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162636 sha: doc_id: 287336 cord_uid: jvc1e8cq file: cache/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.json key: cord-287176-1hm0ua2s authors: Solarino, Biagio; Aricò, Maurizio title: Covid-19 pandemic and pediatric healthcare policy in Italy: time for a change date: 2020-08-06 journal: Pediatr Rep DOI: 10.4081/pr.2020.8823 sha: doc_id: 287176 cord_uid: 1hm0ua2s file: cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.json key: cord-287196-re4sosff authors: Shahzad, Fakhar; Du, Jianguo; Khan, Imran; Fateh, Adnan; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Abbas, Adnan; Wattoo, Muhammad Umair title: Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective date: 2020-07-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145102 sha: doc_id: 287196 cord_uid: re4sosff file: cache/cord-287452-nslygsdf.json key: cord-287452-nslygsdf authors: Hamam, Asmaa Abu; Milo, Shai; Mor, Inbar; Shaked, Elit; Eliav, Ayala Sultana; Lahav, Yael title: Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Psychiatr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.029 sha: doc_id: 287452 cord_uid: nslygsdf file: cache/cord-287281-x30fx97e.json key: cord-287281-x30fx97e authors: Thorpy, Michael; Figuera-Losada, Mariana; Ahmed, Imran; Monderer, Renee; Petrisko, Monica; Martin, Chris; Akhtar, Jamal; Thorpy, Jacqueline; Haines, Carver title: Management of Sleep Apnea in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 287281 cord_uid: x30fx97e file: cache/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.json key: cord-287444-vk3fdroq authors: Quadri, Nasreen S.; Thielen, Beth K; Erayil, Serin Edwin; Gulleen, Elizabeth A; Krohn, Kristina title: Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 journal: Acad Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 287444 cord_uid: vk3fdroq file: cache/cord-287376-wxldnlih.json key: cord-287376-wxldnlih authors: Krüger, Colin M.; Kramer, Axel; Türler, Andreas; Riediger, Hartwig title: Can surgery follow the dictates of the pandemic “keep your distance”? Requirements with COVID-19 for hygiene, resources and the team date: 2020-08-03 journal: GMS Hyg Infect Control DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000354 sha: doc_id: 287376 cord_uid: wxldnlih file: cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.json key: cord-287520-51kmd2ds authors: Carneiro, Arie; Wroclawski, Marcelo Langer; Nahar, Bruno; Soares, Andrey; Cardoso, Ana Paula; Kim, Nam Jin; Carvalho, Fabricio Torres title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date: 2020-05-20 journal: Int Braz J Urol DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.04.03 sha: doc_id: 287520 cord_uid: 51kmd2ds file: cache/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.json key: cord-287459-k9x3z2h1 authors: Abu-Farha, Mohamed; Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse; Qaddoumi, Mohammad G.; Hashem, Anwar; Abubaker, Jehad; Al-Mulla, Fahd title: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target date: 2020-05-17 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103544 sha: doc_id: 287459 cord_uid: k9x3z2h1 file: cache/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.json key: cord-287497-93oiiqqi authors: Tagliamento, Marco; Spagnolo, Francesco; Poggio, Francesca; Soldato, Davide; Conte, Benedetta; Ruelle, Tommaso; Barisione, Emanuela; De Maria, Andrea; Del Mastro, Lucia; Di Maio, Massimo; Lambertini, Matteo title: Italian survey on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-14 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13315 sha: doc_id: 287497 cord_uid: 93oiiqqi file: cache/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.json key: cord-287507-1xb2hipt authors: Rubio-San-Simón, A.; Verdú-Amorós, J.; Hladun, R.; Juan-Ribelles, A.; Molero, M.; Guerra-García, P.; Pérez-Martínez, A.; Castañeda, A.; Cañete, A.; de Rojas, T.; Moreno, L.; Bautista, F. title: Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) date: 2020-05-29 journal: Clin Transl Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02399-3 sha: doc_id: 287507 cord_uid: 1xb2hipt file: cache/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.json key: cord-287440-xy8o1mhs authors: Caci, Barbara; Miceli, Silvana; Scrima, Fabrizio; Cardaci, Maurizio title: Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay Between Boredom, Fantasy Engagement, and Perceived Control Over Time date: 2020-10-13 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574393 sha: doc_id: 287440 cord_uid: xy8o1mhs file: cache/cord-287544-n32iscmr.json key: cord-287544-n32iscmr authors: Solaimanzadeh, Isaac title: Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8069 sha: doc_id: 287544 cord_uid: n32iscmr file: cache/cord-287470-otsts5c9.json key: cord-287470-otsts5c9 authors: Kim, So Mi; Park, Seok Gun; Jee, Young Koo; Song, Il Han title: Perception and attitudes of medical students on clinical clerkship in the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: Medical education online DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1809929 sha: doc_id: 287470 cord_uid: otsts5c9 file: cache/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.json key: cord-287676-qh7zeyyx authors: Angoulvant, François; Ouldali, Naïm; Yang, David Dawei; Filser, Mathilde; Gajdos, Vincent; Rybak, Alexis; Guedj, Romain; Soussan-Banini, Valérie; Basmaci, Romain; Lefevre-Utile, Alain; Brun-Ney, Dominique; Beaujouan, Laure; Skurnik, David title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis date: 2020-06-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa710 sha: doc_id: 287676 cord_uid: qh7zeyyx file: cache/cord-287626-lnao60co.json key: cord-287626-lnao60co authors: Gaspar, R.; Liberal, R.; Branco, Catarina Castelo; Macedo, G. title: Trends in cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.06.044 sha: doc_id: 287626 cord_uid: lnao60co file: cache/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.json key: cord-287721-qsx1eov0 authors: Berman, Adam E; Miller, Douglas; Sorrentino, Robert A; Mossialos, Elias A title: Elective cardiovascular care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: managing tragic choices date: 2020-09-28 journal: BMJ Open Qual DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001069 sha: doc_id: 287721 cord_uid: qsx1eov0 file: cache/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.json key: cord-287625-dysdzjj1 authors: Siddaway, Andy P title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-18 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30220-0 sha: doc_id: 287625 cord_uid: dysdzjj1 file: cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.json key: cord-287653-69nfi379 authors: Lacy, J. Matthew; Brooks, Erin G.; Akers, Joshua; Armstrong, Danielle; Decker, Lauren; Gonzalez, Adam; Humphrey, William; Mayer, Romana; Miller, Matthew; Perez, Catherine; Arango, Jose Antonio Ruiz; Sathyavagiswaran, Lakshmanan; Stroh, Wendy; Utley, Suzanne title: COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date: 2020-04-24 journal: Am J Forensic Med Pathol DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000567 sha: doc_id: 287653 cord_uid: 69nfi379 file: cache/cord-287508-133inel2.json key: cord-287508-133inel2 authors: Vasudevan, Rajiv S.; Horiuchi, Yu; Torriani, Francesca J.; Cotter, Bruno; Maisel, Sofie M.; Dadwal, Sanjeet S.; Gaynes, Robert; Maisel, Alan S. title: Persistent Value of the Stethoscope in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: Am J Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 287508 cord_uid: 133inel2 file: cache/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.json key: cord-287361-cpd4yl6c authors: Ng, Qin Xiang; De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing; Lim, Donovan Yutong; Chan, Hwei Wuen; Yeo, Wee Song title: The Wounded Healer: A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers date: 2020-06-20 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102258 sha: doc_id: 287361 cord_uid: cpd4yl6c file: cache/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.json key: cord-287505-ihqzpdar authors: Narain, Sonali; Stefanov, Dimitre G.; Chau, Alice S.; Weber, Andrew G.; Marder, Galina; Kaplan, Blanka; Malhotra, Prashant; Bloom, Ona; Liu, Audrey; Lesser, Martin L.; Hajizadeh, Negin; Cohen, Stuart L.; Cookingham, Jennifer; Hirschwerk, David A.; Maria, Naomi I.; Satapathy, Sanjaya K.; Sison, Cristina; Taylor, Matthew; Qiu, Michael title: Comparative Survival Analysis of Immunomodulatory Therapy for COVID-19 'Cytokine Storm' date: 2020-10-17 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.275 sha: doc_id: 287505 cord_uid: ihqzpdar file: cache/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.json key: cord-287684-z3l9tsir authors: Johnson, Sonia; Dalton-Locke, Christian; Vera San Juan, Norha; Foye, Una; Oram, Sian; Papamichail, Alexandra; Landau, Sabine; Rowan Olive, Rachel; Jeynes, Tamar; Shah, Prisha; Sheridan Rains, Luke; Lloyd-Evans, Brynmor; Carr, Sarah; Killaspy, Helen; Gillard, Steve; Simpson, Alan title: Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff date: 2020-08-28 journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4 sha: doc_id: 287684 cord_uid: z3l9tsir file: cache/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.json key: cord-287644-ay0vv27m authors: Blackall, Douglas; Wulff, Shephali; Roettger, Timothy; Jacobs, Lauren; Lacasse, Alexandre; Patri, Manokiran; Zinser, Phillip; Pherez, Francisco; Jamkhana, Zafar; Frey, Sharon E.; Smith, Linda; Goel, Ruchika; Katz, Louis title: Rapid Establishment of a COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma Program in a Regional Healthcare Delivery Network date: 2020-08-04 journal: Transfusion DOI: 10.1111/trf.16026 sha: doc_id: 287644 cord_uid: ay0vv27m file: cache/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.json key: cord-287734-q7ae4dyf authors: Brosnahan, Shari B.; Smilowitz, Nathaniel R.; Amoroso, Nancy E.; Barfield, Michael; Berger, Jeffery S.; Goldenberg, Ronald; Ishida, Koto; Talmor, Nina; Torres, Jose; Yaghi, Shadi; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Maldonado, Thomas title: Thrombosis at Hospital Presentation in Patients with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 journal: J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.11.004 sha: doc_id: 287734 cord_uid: q7ae4dyf file: cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.json key: cord-287607-d3k26aar authors: Emamaullee, Juliet; Bowdish, Michael; Yan, Pui Yuk; Rodina, Valentina; Sher, Linda S. title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Surg Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.049 sha: doc_id: 287607 cord_uid: d3k26aar file: cache/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.json key: cord-287648-nhsn4cru authors: Cameli, Matteo; Pastore, Maria Concetta; Soliman Aboumarie, Hatem; Mandoli, Giulia Elena; D'Ascenzi, Flavio; Cameli, Paolo; Bigio, Elisa; Franchi, Federico; Mondillo, Sergio; Valente, Serafina title: Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-12 journal: Echocardiography DOI: 10.1111/echo.14779 sha: doc_id: 287648 cord_uid: nhsn4cru file: cache/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.json key: cord-287872-i6cahnxd authors: Wendt, F. R.; De Lillo, A.; Pathak, G. A.; De Angelis, F.; COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative,; Polimanti, R. title: Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes and in over 1 million participants date: 2020-11-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20227884 sha: doc_id: 287872 cord_uid: i6cahnxd file: cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.json key: cord-287732-abzpfdcu authors: Martindale, Robert; Patel, Jayshil J.; Taylor, Beth; Arabi, Yaseen M.; Warren, Malissa; McClave, Stephen A. title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 journal: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1930 sha: doc_id: 287732 cord_uid: abzpfdcu file: cache/cord-287640-9j0w7191.json key: cord-287640-9j0w7191 authors: Ilesanmi, Olayinka; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-23 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10038 sha: doc_id: 287640 cord_uid: 9j0w7191 file: cache/cord-287957-diyz54qy.json key: cord-287957-diyz54qy authors: Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta; Geleta, Tinsae Abeya; Beyane, Rebik Shukure; Mohammed, Ahmed; Tesema, Mengistu; Jemal, Kemal title: Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities date: 2020-10-13 journal: Patient Prefer Adherence DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s276254 sha: doc_id: 287957 cord_uid: diyz54qy file: cache/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.json key: cord-287742-y1j9x5ne authors: Lee, Kai Wei; Yusof Khan, Abdul Hanif Khan; Ching, Siew Mooi; Chia, Peck Kee; Loh, Wei Chao; Abdul Rashid, Anna Misya'il; Baharin, Janudin; Inche Mat, Liyana Najwa; Wan Sulaiman, Wan Aliaa; Devaraj, Navin Kumar; Sivaratnam, Dhashani; Basri, Hamidon; Hoo, Fan Kee title: Stroke and Novel Coronavirus Infection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.579070 sha: doc_id: 287742 cord_uid: y1j9x5ne file: cache/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.json key: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6 authors: Wang, Ling; Xu, Xiaopeng; Ruan, Junshan; Lin, Saijin; Jiang, Jinhua; Ye, Hong title: Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients date: 2020-05-03 journal: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1758066 sha: doc_id: 287874 cord_uid: wl0wlxh6 file: cache/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.json key: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts authors: Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan; Danda, Debashish title: Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Int J Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13909 sha: doc_id: 288017 cord_uid: f9b3t0ts file: cache/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.json key: cord-287918-hf9cyr16 authors: Smith, S.; Boppana, A.; Traupman, J. A.; Unson, E.; Maddock, D. A.; Chao, K. Y.; Dobesh, D. P.; Connor, R. I. title: Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes and obesity is associated with severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 sha: doc_id: 287918 cord_uid: hf9cyr16 file: cache/cord-287758-da11ypiy.json key: cord-287758-da11ypiy authors: Mônica Vitalino de Almeida, Sinara; Cleberson Santos Soares, José; Lima dos Santos, Keriolaine; Emanuel Ferreira Alves, Josival; Galdino Ribeiro, Amélia; Trindade Tenório Jacob, Íris; Juliane da Silva Ferreira, Cindy; Celerino dos Santos, Jéssica; Ferreira de Oliveira, Jamerson; Bezerra de Carvalho Junior, Luiz; do Carmo Alves de Lima, Maria title: COVID-19 therapy: what weapons do we bring into battle? date: 2020-09-10 journal: Bioorg Med Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757 sha: doc_id: 287758 cord_uid: da11ypiy file: cache/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.json key: cord-287776-ylui7ls8 authors: Murillo-Zamora, E.; Trujillo, X.; Huerta, M.; Rios-Silva, M.; Mendoza-Cano, O. title: Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-07-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142562 sha: doc_id: 287776 cord_uid: ylui7ls8 file: cache/cord-287785-rs306oyq.json key: cord-287785-rs306oyq authors: English, Mike; Moshabela, Mosa; Nzinga, Jacinta; Barasa, Edwine; Tsofa, Benjamin; Marchal, Bruno; Kruk, Margaret E title: Systems and implementation science should be part of the COVID-19 response in low resource settings date: 2020-07-15 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01696-6 sha: doc_id: 287785 cord_uid: rs306oyq file: cache/cord-287949-243xlmep.json key: cord-287949-243xlmep authors: Onovo, A. A.; Atobatele, A.; Kalaiwo, A.; Obanubi, C.; James, E.; Gado, P.; Odezugo, G.; Magaji, D.; Ogundehin, D.; Russell, M. title: Using Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging to reveal Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory Data Analysis date: 2020-05-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20082057 sha: doc_id: 287949 cord_uid: 243xlmep file: cache/cord-288038-jdinf8od.json key: cord-288038-jdinf8od authors: Thindwa, Deus; Garcia Quesada, Maria; Liu, Yang; Bennett, Julia; Cohen, Cheryl; Deloria Knoll, Maria; von Gottberg, Anne; Hayford, Kyla; Flasche, Stefan title: Use of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults to reduce COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-06-19 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.047 sha: doc_id: 288038 cord_uid: jdinf8od file: cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.json key: cord-288068-egq3d0i9 authors: Brown, Teneille R title: When The Wrong People Are Immune date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa018 sha: doc_id: 288068 cord_uid: egq3d0i9 file: cache/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.json key: cord-288030-69e8cmy2 authors: Ardakani, Ali Abbasian; Kanafi, Alireza Rajabzadeh; Acharya, U. Rajendra; Khadem, Nazanin; Mohammadi, Afshin title: Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-30 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103795 sha: doc_id: 288030 cord_uid: 69e8cmy2 file: cache/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.json key: cord-288066-sh6n2c3n authors: Mohamed, Mohamed S.; Moulin, Thiago C.; Schiöth, Helgi B. title: Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression date: 2020-11-11 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02536-6 sha: doc_id: 288066 cord_uid: sh6n2c3n file: cache/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.json key: cord-288080-rr9e61ay authors: Mohadab, Mohamed El; Bouikhalene, Belaid; Safi, Said title: Bibliometric method for mapping the state of the art of scientific production in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110052 sha: doc_id: 288080 cord_uid: rr9e61ay file: cache/cord-287781-bvintr10.json key: cord-287781-bvintr10 authors: Sakka, Mehdi; Connors, Jean M; Hékimian, Guillaume; Martin-Toutain, Isabelle; Crichi, Benjamin; Colmegna, Ines; Bonnefont-Rousselot, Dominique; Farge, Dominique; Frere, Corinne title: Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Med Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 287781 cord_uid: bvintr10 file: cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.json key: cord-287823-avi14ee5 authors: Wong, Martin CS; Teoh, Jeremy YC; Huang, Junjie; Wong, Sunny H title: The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.060 sha: doc_id: 287823 cord_uid: avi14ee5 file: cache/cord-287875-jy9mzets.json key: cord-287875-jy9mzets authors: Ambrosetti, Maria Chiara; Battocchio, Giulia; Zamboni, Giulia Angela; Fava, Cristiano; Tacconelli, Evelina; Mansueto, Giancarlo title: Rapid onset of bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Pneumonia: two cases studied with CT date: 2020-08-05 journal: Radiol Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 287875 cord_uid: jy9mzets file: cache/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.json key: cord-288025-skkpkqw6 authors: Eslami, Hadi; Jalili, Mahrokh title: The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-15 journal: AMB Express DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01028-0 sha: doc_id: 288025 cord_uid: skkpkqw6 file: cache/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.json key: cord-288051-wp8v2mc5 authors: Sánchez-González, Álvaro; López-Fando Lavalle, Luis; Esteban-Fernández, Alberto; Ruiz, Mercedes; Hevia, Vital; Comeche, Belén; Sánchez Conde, Matilde; Álvarez, Sara; Lorca Álvaro, Javier; Fraile Poblador, Agustín; Hevia Palacios, Manuel; Domínguez Gutiérrez, Ana; Artiles Medina, Alberto; Sanz Mayayo, Enrique; Duque, Gemma; Gómez Dos Santos, Victoria; Moreno-Guillén, Santiago; Burgos Revilla, Javier title: What Should Be Known by a Urologist About the Medical Management of COVID-19’s Patients? date: 2020-09-01 journal: Curr Urol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11934-020-00995-y sha: doc_id: 288051 cord_uid: wp8v2mc5 file: cache/cord-288130-efffulhk.json key: cord-288130-efffulhk authors: Herrera, Miguel A Rubio; Lesmes, Irene Bretón title: Obesidad en tiempos de covid-19. Un desafío de salud global date: 2020-10-21 journal: Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 288130 cord_uid: efffulhk file: cache/cord-288139-nq85fqux.json key: cord-288139-nq85fqux authors: Tabish, Hilary B.; Basch, Corey H. title: Back to the basics: Hand washing is public health 101 and it works to slow down the spread of viruses date: 2020-09-03 journal: Infect Dis Health DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 288139 cord_uid: nq85fqux file: cache/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.json key: cord-288174-w7rw9bej authors: Shirai, Tsuyoshi; Mitsumura, Takahiro; Aoyagi, Kei; Okamoto, Tsukasa; Kimura, Moe; Gemma, Taku; Shigematsu, Takaaki; Takahashi, Junichi; Azuma, Seishin; Yoshizuka, Riku; Sasaki, Hirokazu; Urushibata, Nao; Ochiai, Kanae; Hondo, Kenichi; Morishita, Koji; Aiboshi, Junichi; Otomo, Yasuhiro; Miyazaki, Yasunari title: COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report date: 2020-09-24 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101230 sha: doc_id: 288174 cord_uid: w7rw9bej file: cache/cord-288184-fa1niz51.json key: cord-288184-fa1niz51 authors: Kwon, Chan-Young; Kwak, Hui-Yong; Kim, Jong Woo title: Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124477 sha: doc_id: 288184 cord_uid: fa1niz51 file: cache/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.json key: cord-288102-iom6lu7o authors: Han, Jing; Shi, Li-xia; Xie, Yi; Zhang, Yong-jin; Huang, Shu-ping; Li, Jian-guo; Wang, He-rong; Shao, Shi-feng title: Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and viral shedding duration date: 2020-06-25 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001399 sha: doc_id: 288102 cord_uid: iom6lu7o file: cache/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.json key: cord-288255-p8uzrsbd authors: Goossens, Gijs H.; Dicker, Dror; Farpour-Lambert, Nathalie J.; Frühbeck, Gema; Mullerova, Dana; Woodward, Euan; Holm, Jens-Christian title: Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity date: 2020-08-13 journal: Obes Facts DOI: 10.1159/000510719 sha: doc_id: 288255 cord_uid: p8uzrsbd file: cache/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.json key: cord-288020-vhtr3l0w authors: Côté, Andréanne; Ternacle, Julien; Pibarot, Philippe title: Early prediction of the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019: A key step in therapeutic decision making date: 2020-08-15 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102948 sha: doc_id: 288020 cord_uid: vhtr3l0w file: cache/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.json key: cord-288070-qwax5tg9 authors: Robilotti, E. V.; Babady, N. E.; Mead, P. A.; Rolling, T.; Perez-Johnston, R.; Bernardes, M.; Bogler, Y.; Caldararo, M.; Figueroa-Ortiz, C.; Glickman, M.; Joanow, A.; Kaltsas, A.; Lee, Y. J.; Lucca Bianchi, A.; Mariano, A.; Morjaria, S.; Nawar, T.; Papanicolaou, G. A.; Predmore, J.; Redelman-Sidi, G.; Schmidt, E.; Seo, S. K.; Sepkowitz, K.; Shah, M.; Wolchok, J. D.; Hohl, T. M.; Taur, Y.; Kamboj, M. title: Determinants of Severity in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-05-08 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20086322 sha: doc_id: 288070 cord_uid: qwax5tg9 file: cache/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.json key: cord-288092-x3fdxnbr authors: Fonseca, Mario; Summer, Ross; Roman, Jesse title: Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.017 sha: doc_id: 288092 cord_uid: x3fdxnbr file: cache/cord-288197-drto66xt.json key: cord-288197-drto66xt authors: Chen, Huijun; Guo, Juanjuan; Wang, Chen; Luo, Fan; Yu, Xuechen; Zhang, Wei; Li, Jiafu; Zhao, Dongchi; Xu, Dan; Gong, Qing; Liao, Jing; Yang, Huixia; Hou, Wei; Zhang, Yuanzhen title: Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records date: 2020-02-12 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30360-3 sha: doc_id: 288197 cord_uid: drto66xt file: cache/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.json key: cord-288264-xs08g2cy authors: Ulahannan, Jijo Pulickiyil; Narayanan, Nikhil; Thalhath, Nishad; Prabhakaran, Prem; Chaliyeduth, Sreekanth; Suresh, Sooraj P; Mohammed, Musfir; Rajeevan, E; Joseph, Sindhu; Balakrishnan, Akhil; Uthaman, Jeevan; Karingamadathil, Manoj; Thomas, Sunil Thonikkuzhiyil; Sureshkumar, Unnikrishnan; Balan, Shabeesh; Vellichirammal, Neetha Nanoth title: A citizen science initiative for open data and visualization of COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala, India date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa203 sha: doc_id: 288264 cord_uid: xs08g2cy file: cache/cord-288271-p074ffpt.json key: cord-288271-p074ffpt authors: Mathies, D.; Rauschning, D.; Wagner, U.; Mueller, F.; Maibaum, M.; Binnemann, C.; Waldeck, S.; Thinnes, K.; Braun, M.; Schmidbauer, W.; Hagen, RM.; Bickel, C. title: A Case of SARS‐CoV‐2‐pneumonia with successful antiviral therapy in a 77‐year‐old male with heart transplant date: 2020-04-21 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15932 sha: doc_id: 288271 cord_uid: p074ffpt file: cache/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.json key: cord-288307-6dlw2klz authors: Fisher, Bryant; Seese, Laura; Sultan, Ibrahim; Kilic, Arman title: The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14604 sha: doc_id: 288307 cord_uid: 6dlw2klz file: cache/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.json key: cord-288304-80bn2wgd authors: Sun, Y.; Sun, J. title: The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study date: 2020-05-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20109660 sha: doc_id: 288304 cord_uid: 80bn2wgd file: cache/cord-288371-uyj4iske.json key: cord-288371-uyj4iske authors: Arrieta, Oscar; Cardona, Andrés F.; Lara, Luis; Heredia, David; Barrón, Feliciano; Zatarain-Barrón, Zyanya Lucia; Lozano, Francisco; de Lima, Vladmir Cordeiro; Maldonado, Federico; Corona-Cruz, Francisco; Ramos, Maritza; Cabrera, Luis; Martin, Claudio; Corrales, Luis; Cuello, Mauricio; Arroyo-Hernández, Marisol; Aman, Enrique; Bacon, Ludwing; Baez, Renata; Benitez, Sergio; Botero, Antonio; Burotto, Mauricio; Caglevic, Christian; Ferraris, Gustavo; Freitas, Helano; Kaen, Diego Lucas; Lamot, Sebastián; Lyons, Gustavo; Mas, Luis; Mata, Andrea; Mathias, Clarissa; Muñoz, Alvaro; Patane, Ana Karina; Oblitas, George; Pino, Luis; Raez, Luis E.; Remon, Jordi; Rojas, Leonardo; Rolfo, Christian; Ruiz-Patiño, Alejandro; Samtani, Suraj; Viola, Lucia; Viteri, Santiago; Rosell, Rafael title: Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The THOCOoP cooperative group date: 2020-06-20 journal: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103033 sha: doc_id: 288371 cord_uid: uyj4iske file: cache/cord-288067-36amafub.json key: cord-288067-36amafub authors: Ashraf, Mohammad Ali; Shokouhi, Nasim; Shirali, Elham; Davari-tanha, Fateme; Memar, Omeed; Kamalipour, Alireza; Azarnoush, Ayein; Mabadi, Avin; Ossareh, Adele; Sanginabadi, Milad; Mokhtari Azad, Talat; Aghaghazvini, Leila; Ghaderkhani, Sara; Poordast, Tahereh; Pourdast, Alieh; Nazemi, Pershang title: COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20072421 sha: doc_id: 288067 cord_uid: 36amafub file: cache/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.json key: cord-288394-h9hozu9j authors: Kheirallah, Khalid A.; Alsinglawi, Belal; Alzoubi, Abdallah; Saidan, Motasem N.; Mubin, Omar; Alorjani, Mohammed S.; Mzayek, Fawaz title: The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan date: 2020-09-08 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186530 sha: doc_id: 288394 cord_uid: h9hozu9j file: cache/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.json key: cord-288195-3lcs77uf authors: Bilal, Mohammad; Simons, Malorie; Rahman, Asad Ur; Smith, Zachary L.; Umar, Shifa; Cohen, Jonah; Sawhney, Mandeep S.; Berzin, Tyler M.; Pleskow, Douglas K. title: What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 journal: Endosc Int Open DOI: 10.1055/a-1153-9014 sha: doc_id: 288195 cord_uid: 3lcs77uf file: cache/cord-288311-8kcturbn.json key: cord-288311-8kcturbn authors: Fassihi, Safa C.; Nabar, Neel R.; Fassihi, Reza title: Novel Approach for Low‐Dose Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15167 sha: doc_id: 288311 cord_uid: 8kcturbn file: cache/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.json key: cord-288485-m3g88fl2 authors: Lam, Katherine W; Chow, Kenneth W; Vo, Jonathan; Hou, Wei; Li, Haifang; Richman, Paul S; Mallipattu, Sandeep K; Skopicki, Hal A; Singer, Adam J; Duong, Tim Q title: Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa447 sha: doc_id: 288485 cord_uid: m3g88fl2 file: cache/cord-288403-m6qe57he.json key: cord-288403-m6qe57he authors: Abbas, K. M.; Procter, S. R.; van Zandvoort, K.; Clark, A.; Funk, S.; LSHTM CMMID Covid-19 Working Group,; Mengistu, T.; Hogan, D.; Dansereau, E.; Jit, M.; Flasche, S. title: Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106278 sha: doc_id: 288403 cord_uid: m6qe57he file: cache/cord-288336-io1t141z.json key: cord-288336-io1t141z authors: Singh, Rahul; Fuentes, Stephanie; Ellison, Henry; Chavez, Miguel; Hadidi, Omar F.; Khoshnevis, Gholamreza; Chang, Su Min title: Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 journal: CASE (Phila) DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2020.05.020 sha: doc_id: 288336 cord_uid: io1t141z file: cache/cord-288443-f11r6zup.json key: cord-288443-f11r6zup authors: Bowman, Ryan; Crosby, Dana L.; Sharma, Arun title: Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26260 sha: doc_id: 288443 cord_uid: f11r6zup file: cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.json key: cord-288366-xe3pxrhv authors: Wellbelove, Zoe; Walsh, Chloe; Perinpanathan, Tanaraj; Lillie, Patrick; Barlow, Gavin title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date: 2020-10-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.015 sha: doc_id: 288366 cord_uid: xe3pxrhv file: cache/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.json key: cord-288500-ko4eda9w authors: Zheng, Ruijun; Zhou, Yuhong; Fu, Yan; Xiang, Qiufen; Cheng, Fang; Chen, Huaying; Xu, Huiqiong; fu, Lan; Wu, Xiaoling; Feng, Mei; Ye, Lei; Tian, Yongming; Deng, Rong; Liu, Shanshan; Jiang, Yan; Yu, Chunhua; Li, Junying title: Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-10-23 journal: Int J Nurs Stud DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103809 sha: doc_id: 288500 cord_uid: ko4eda9w file: cache/cord-288508-749im18d.json key: cord-288508-749im18d authors: Sourdin, Tania; Li, Bin; McNamara, Donna Marie title: Court Innovations and Access to Justice in Times of Crisis date: 2020-08-30 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 288508 cord_uid: 749im18d file: cache/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.json key: cord-288552-7lp07v5i authors: Vahedi, Ensieh; Ghanei, Mostafa; Ghazvini, Ali; Azadi, Hossein; Izadi, Morteza; Panahi, Yunes; Fathi, Saeid; Salesi, Mahmood; Saadat, Seyed Hassan; Ghazale, Amir Hossein; Rezapour, Mohammad; Mozafari, Abolfazl; Zand, Nahid; Parsaei, Mohammadreza Raesi; Ranjkesh, Mohammad Hossein; Jafari, Ramezan; Movaseghi, Fatemeh; Darabi, Enayat title: The clinical value of two combination regimens in the Management of Patients Suffering from Covid-19 pneumonia: a single centered, retrospective, observational study date: 2020-06-19 journal: Daru DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00353-w sha: doc_id: 288552 cord_uid: 7lp07v5i file: cache/cord-288331-n0n69axw.json key: cord-288331-n0n69axw authors: Ozturk, Ayse Bilge; Baççıoğlu, Ayşe; Soyer, Ozge; Civelek, Ersoy; Şekerel, Bülent Enis; Bavbek, Sevim title: Change in Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 journal: Int Arch Allergy Immunol DOI: 10.1159/000512079 sha: doc_id: 288331 cord_uid: n0n69axw file: cache/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.json key: cord-288566-7dtmjzj9 authors: Chai, Ningli; Tang, Xiaowei; Linghu, Enqiang; Feng, Jiancong; Ye, Lu; Wu, Qingzhen; Zhao, Xin; Du, Runxiang; Li, Longsong; Zhang, Wengang; Xiang, Jingyuan title: The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey date: 2020-11-11 journal: Surg Endosc DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08149-4 sha: doc_id: 288566 cord_uid: 7dtmjzj9 file: cache/cord-288490-l40t76la.json key: cord-288490-l40t76la authors: Omboni, Stefano title: Telemedicine During the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? date: 2020-08-01 journal: Telemed J E Health DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0106 sha: doc_id: 288490 cord_uid: l40t76la file: cache/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.json key: cord-288493-i15rb8d2 authors: Rother, N.; Yanginlar, C.; Lindeboom, R. G. H.; Bekkering, S.; van Leent, M. M. T.; Buijsers, B.; Jonkman, I.; de Graaf, M.; Baltissen, M.; Lamers, L. A.; Riksen, N. P.; Fayad, Z. A.; Mulder, W. J. M.; Hilbrands, L. B.; Joosten, L. A. B.; Netea, M. G.; Vermeulen, M.; van der Vlag, J.; Duivenvoorden, R. title: Hydroxychloroquine inhibits trained immunity - implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20122143 sha: doc_id: 288493 cord_uid: i15rb8d2 file: cache/cord-288502-qqg41daz.json key: cord-288502-qqg41daz authors: Martini, Katharina; Blüthgen, Christian; Walter, Joan Elias; Nguyen-Kim, Thi Dan Linh; Thienemann, Friedrich; Frauenfelder, Thomas title: Patterns of organizing pneumonia and microinfarcts as surrogate for endothelial disruption and microangiopathic thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-10-05 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240078 sha: doc_id: 288502 cord_uid: qqg41daz file: cache/cord-288526-5zag3krb.json key: cord-288526-5zag3krb authors: Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Kapoor, Nitin title: Normal weight obesity and COVID-19 severity: A poorly recognized link date: 2020-10-21 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108521 sha: doc_id: 288526 cord_uid: 5zag3krb file: cache/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.json key: cord-288568-fjdjuksm authors: Huang, Yuanyuan; Wang, Yanxia; Zeng, Lingyun; Yang, Jiezhi; Song, Xiuli; Rao, Wenwang; Li, Hehua; Ning, Yuping; He, Hongbo; Li, Ting; Wu, Kai; Chen, Fengjuan; Wu, Fengchun; Zhang, Xiangyang title: Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-28 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568329 sha: doc_id: 288568 cord_uid: fjdjuksm file: cache/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.json key: cord-288679-57ftpsmx authors: Ramirez, David A.; Dawoud, Salma A. title: Resident Perspectives on COVID-19: Three Takeaways date: 2020-09-22 journal: Am J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 288679 cord_uid: 57ftpsmx file: cache/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.json key: cord-288647-qul4sz7w authors: Edigin, Ehizogie; Eseaton, Precious Obehi; Shaka, Hafeez; Ojemolon, Pius Ehiremen; Asemota, Iriagbonse Rotimi; Akuna, Emmanuel title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States date: 2020-06-04 journal: Medical education online DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1774318 sha: doc_id: 288647 cord_uid: qul4sz7w file: cache/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.json key: cord-288421-sgzg7ndp authors: Grobler, Corlia; Maphumulo, Siphosethu C.; Grobbelaar, L. Mireille; Bredenkamp, Jhade C.; Laubscher, Gert J.; Lourens, Petrus J.; Steenkamp, Janami; Kell, Douglas B.; Pretorius, Etheresia title: Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes date: 2020-07-21 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145168 sha: doc_id: 288421 cord_uid: sgzg7ndp file: cache/cord-288732-k763ejqb.json key: cord-288732-k763ejqb authors: ElMajjaoui, Sanaa; Ismaili, Nabil; Benjaafar, Noureddine title: COVID-19, Brachytherapy, and Gynecologic Cancers: a Moroccan Experience date: 2020-07-15 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00402-0 sha: doc_id: 288732 cord_uid: k763ejqb file: cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.json key: cord-288580-onzzpkye authors: HALAÇLI, Burçin; KAYA, Akın; TOPELİ, Arzu title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-122 sha: doc_id: 288580 cord_uid: onzzpkye file: cache/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.json key: cord-288675-d4p3sj7u authors: Sauer, François; Dagrenat, Charlotte; Couppie, Philippe; Jochum, Gaëlle; Leddet, Pierre title: Tamponnade & COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 journal: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 288675 cord_uid: d4p3sj7u file: cache/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.json key: cord-288810-ab7k70c4 authors: Zheng, Yingyan; Xiao, Anling; Yu, Xiangrong; Zhao, Yajing; Lu, Yiping; Li, Xuanxuan; Mei, Nan; She, Dejun; Wang, Dongdong; Geng, Daoying; Yin, Bo title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Korean J Radiol DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 sha: doc_id: 288810 cord_uid: ab7k70c4 file: cache/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.json key: cord-288559-7m6sh5xx authors: Bhattarai, S.; Dhungana, J.; Ensor, T.; Shrestha, U. B. title: Assessment of service availability and Infection prevention measures in hospitals of Nepal during the transition phase of COVID-19 case surge date: 2020-05-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20097675 sha: doc_id: 288559 cord_uid: 7m6sh5xx file: cache/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.json key: cord-288634-7g2kg2tz authors: Bres Bullrich, Maria; Fridman, Sebastian; Mandzia, Jennifer L.; Mai, Lauren M.; Khaw, Alexander; Vargas Gonzalez, Juan Camilo; Bagur, Rodrigo; Sposato, Luciano A. title: COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals date: 2020-05-26 journal: The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.101 sha: doc_id: 288634 cord_uid: 7g2kg2tz file: cache/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.json key: cord-288787-9g2vpdj3 authors: Bitonti, Giovanna; Palumbo, Anna Rita; Gallo, Cinzia; Rania, Erika; Saccone, Gabriele; De Vivo, Valentino; Zullo, Fulvio; Di Carlo, Costantino; Venturella, Roberta title: Being an Obstetrics and Gynaecology Resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on the residency training program date: 2020-08-01 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.057 sha: doc_id: 288787 cord_uid: 9g2vpdj3 file: cache/cord-288720-bd86zswo.json key: cord-288720-bd86zswo authors: Lin, Sheng; Pan, Hao; Wu, Huanyu; Yu, Xiao; Cui, Peng; Han, Ruobing; Jiang, Chenyan; Kong, Dechuan; Zheng, Yaxu; Gong, Xiaohuan; Xiao, Wenjia; Mao, Shenghua; Jin, Bihong; Zhu, Yiyi; Sun, Xiaodong title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 161 discharged cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China date: 2020-10-20 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05493-7 sha: doc_id: 288720 cord_uid: bd86zswo file: cache/cord-288575-srpc68t8.json key: cord-288575-srpc68t8 authors: Yamakage, Michiaki title: Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Anesth DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02798-4 sha: doc_id: 288575 cord_uid: srpc68t8 file: cache/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.json key: cord-288632-2aliqy8p authors: Phillips, Nicole; Park, In-Woo; Robinson, Janie R.; Jones, Harlan P. title: The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks date: 2020-09-23 journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00871-y sha: doc_id: 288632 cord_uid: 2aliqy8p file: cache/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.json key: cord-288997-cb7ndzqt authors: Dey, Thonmoy Josh; Sinha, Ankit title: Ethnicity and COVID-19 - A commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) date: 2020-09-11 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.046 sha: doc_id: 288997 cord_uid: cb7ndzqt file: cache/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.json key: cord-288903-vxeq1afx authors: Lodha, Rakesh; Kabra, S. K. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward date: 2020-05-26 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03356-2 sha: doc_id: 288903 cord_uid: vxeq1afx file: cache/cord-288738-anouedix.json key: cord-288738-anouedix authors: Mathew, Rishi Philip; Jose, Merin; Toms, Ajith title: The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients date: 2020-05-18 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03338-4 sha: doc_id: 288738 cord_uid: anouedix file: cache/cord-288867-iicfe7il.json key: cord-288867-iicfe7il authors: Bauch, Chris T; Anand, Madhur title: COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced? date: 2020-05-20 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30428-x sha: doc_id: 288867 cord_uid: iicfe7il file: cache/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.json key: cord-288931-d4fyitnk authors: Parisi, Valentina; Leosco, Dario title: Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1β a potential target date: 2020-04-18 journal: JACC Basic Transl Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 288931 cord_uid: d4fyitnk file: cache/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.json key: cord-288836-bygcyxpz authors: Manes, Gianpiero; Repici, Alessandro; Radaelli, Franco; Bezzio, Cristina; Colombo, Matteo; Saibeni, Simone title: Planning Phase Two for Endoscopic Units in Northern Italy after the COVID-19 lockdown: an exit strategy with a lot of critical issues and a few opportunities date: 2020-06-19 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.042 sha: doc_id: 288836 cord_uid: bygcyxpz file: cache/cord-288865-5hu8i546.json key: cord-288865-5hu8i546 authors: Xu, Gang; Ye, Min; Zhao, Jun; Liu, Feng; Ma, Wei title: New view on older adults with COVID-19: comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes” date: 2020-07-24 journal: GeroScience DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00232-x sha: doc_id: 288865 cord_uid: 5hu8i546 file: cache/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.json key: cord-288998-0by0bkgs authors: Colarusso, Chiara; Terlizzi, Michela; Pinto, Aldo; Sorrentino, Rosalinda title: A lesson from a saboteur: high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) impact in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15154 sha: doc_id: 288998 cord_uid: 0by0bkgs file: cache/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.json key: cord-288843-zxv5vsro authors: Ianiro, Gianluca; Mullish, Benjamin H; Kelly, Colleen R; Sokol, Harry; Kassam, Zain; Ng, Siew; Fischer, Monika; Allegretti, Jessica R; Masucci, Luca; Zhang, Faming; Keller, Josbert; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Costello, Samuel P; Tilg, Herbert; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Cammarota, Giovanni title: Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel date: 2020-03-17 journal: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30082-0 sha: doc_id: 288843 cord_uid: zxv5vsro file: cache/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.json key: cord-289008-c4cu3vrp authors: Wallis, Christopher J.D.; Novara, Giacomo; Marandino, Laura; Bex, Axel; Kamat, Ashish M.; Karnes, R. Jeffrey; Morgan, Todd M.; Mottet, Nicolas; Gillessen, Silke; Bossi, Alberto; Roupret, Morgan; Powles, Thomas; Necchi, Andrea; Catto, James W.F.; Klaassen, Zachary title: Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-03 journal: Eur Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.063 sha: doc_id: 289008 cord_uid: c4cu3vrp file: cache/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.json key: cord-289006-7dv1zsp9 authors: Tan, Kimberly-Anne; Thadani, Vishaal Nanik; Chan, Daniel; Oh, Jacob Yoong-Leong; Liu, Gabriel Ka-Po title: Addressing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Spine Surgery: A Rapid National Consensus Using the Delphi Method via Teleconference date: 2020-05-14 journal: Asian Spine J DOI: 10.31616/asj.2020.0224 sha: doc_id: 289006 cord_uid: 7dv1zsp9 file: cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.json key: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk authors: Tanveer, Faouzia; Khalil, Ali Talha; Ali, Muhammad; Shinwari, Zabta Khan title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 journal: Int J Equity Health DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01296-z sha: doc_id: 288818 cord_uid: 6uvb4qsk file: cache/cord-289029-6vcjioon.json key: cord-289029-6vcjioon authors: Suri, Abdul Wahab title: The Rejuvenation of the Withering Nation State and Bio-power: The New Dynamics of Human Interaction date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10021-y sha: doc_id: 289029 cord_uid: 6vcjioon file: cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.json key: cord-288922-1lry9wkn authors: Aamir, Alifiya; Awan, Sana; de Filippis, Renato; Diwan, Mufaddal Najmuddin; Ullah, Irfan title: Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health DOI: 10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7 sha: doc_id: 288922 cord_uid: 1lry9wkn file: cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.json key: cord-288770-hquc2v2c authors: Gupta, Rajan; Pal, Saibal Kumar; Pandey, Gaurav title: A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20058347 sha: doc_id: 288770 cord_uid: hquc2v2c file: cache/cord-288863-buis3y21.json key: cord-288863-buis3y21 authors: Henry, Robert title: Innovations in Agriculture and Food Supply in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 journal: Mol Plant DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.07.011 sha: doc_id: 288863 cord_uid: buis3y21 file: cache/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.json key: cord-288983-a6s9di4g authors: Su, Sheng-Fang; Han, Yueh-Ying title: How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010380 sha: doc_id: 288983 cord_uid: a6s9di4g file: cache/cord-289088-7uoia564.json key: cord-289088-7uoia564 authors: Ding, Qiang; Lu, Panpan; Fan, Yuhui; Xia, Yujia; Liu, Mei title: The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-30 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25781 sha: doc_id: 289088 cord_uid: 7uoia564 file: cache/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.json key: cord-288919-3ay39zf5 authors: Müller, Helmut; Kniepeiss, Daniela; Stauber, Rudolf; Schrem, Harald; Rauter, Markus; Krause, Robert; Schemmer, Peter title: Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation date: 2020-06-18 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16107 sha: doc_id: 288919 cord_uid: 3ay39zf5 file: cache/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.json key: cord-289041-lhc53uk4 authors: Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal; Samanta, Soumya; Mustafa, Fatima title: Is the paradigm of community pharmacy practice expected to shift due to COVID-19? date: 2020-05-27 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 289041 cord_uid: lhc53uk4 file: cache/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.json key: cord-289046-frhpt8n9 authors: Fix, Oren K.; Serper, Marina title: Telemedicine and Telehepatology During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) DOI: 10.1002/cld.971 sha: doc_id: 289046 cord_uid: frhpt8n9 file: cache/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.json key: cord-289115-bntcn0m6 authors: Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Venkatesan, Nanditha; Sudha, T. Y. Sree; Venkatesan, Sajitha; Thangaraju, Eswaran title: Role of Dupilumab in Approved Indications of COVID-19 Patient: an Efficacy-Based Nonsystematic Critical Analysis date: 2020-09-10 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00510-x sha: doc_id: 289115 cord_uid: bntcn0m6 file: cache/cord-289111-6725jg29.json key: cord-289111-6725jg29 authors: Field, Nicholas C.; Platanitis, Kelsey; Paul, Alexandra R.; Dalfino, John; Adamo, Matthew A.; Boulos, Alan S. title: Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt date: 2020-06-25 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.141 sha: doc_id: 289111 cord_uid: 6725jg29 file: cache/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.json key: cord-289154-rwk2wajl authors: Yeo, Danson; Yeo, Charleen; Kaushal, Sanghvi; Tan, Glenn title: COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons date: 2020-04-13 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003957 sha: doc_id: 289154 cord_uid: rwk2wajl file: cache/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.json key: cord-289144-d6fgs8qg authors: Sieńko, Jerzy; Kotowski, Maciej; Bogacz, Anna; Lechowicz, Kacper; Drożdżal, Sylwester; Rosik, Jakub; Sietnicki, Marek; Sieńko, Magdalena; Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: The Influence of ACE Genotype and ACE-I and ARBs on the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Elderly Patients date: 2020-07-21 journal: Clin Interv Aging DOI: 10.2147/cia.s261516 sha: doc_id: 289144 cord_uid: d6fgs8qg file: cache/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.json key: cord-289103-6i7wf41w authors: McElyea, Christine; Do, Christopher; Killu, Keith title: Lung ultrasound artifacts in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Ultrasound DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00526-y sha: doc_id: 289103 cord_uid: 6i7wf41w file: cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.json key: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs authors: Salazar, M. R.; Gonzalez, S. E.; Regairaz, L.; Ferrando, N. S.; Gonzalez, V.; Carrera, P. M.; Munoz, L.; Pesci, S. A.; Vidal, J. M.; Kreplak, N.; Estenssoro, E. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 sha: doc_id: 289188 cord_uid: hf9sh9vs file: cache/cord-289064-435bp4rt.json key: cord-289064-435bp4rt authors: Muniangi-Muhitu, Hermine; Akalestou, Elina; Salem, Victoria; Misra, Shivani; Oliver, Nicholas S.; Rutter, Guy A. title: Covid-19 and Diabetes: A Complex Bidirectional Relationship date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.582936 sha: doc_id: 289064 cord_uid: 435bp4rt file: cache/cord-289078-wauwq841.json key: cord-289078-wauwq841 authors: Roxby, Alison C; Gure, Tanya R title: Lessons from Sweden: where can older adults shelter from COVID-19? date: 2020-10-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30035-0 sha: doc_id: 289078 cord_uid: wauwq841 file: cache/cord-289091-djv4syy4.json key: cord-289091-djv4syy4 authors: Ullah, Waqas; M. 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Chadi; Haas, Donald C.; Fischman, David L. title: Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-04 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4233 sha: doc_id: 289091 cord_uid: djv4syy4 file: cache/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.json key: cord-289235-slkqu1pt authors: Carrabba, Giorgio; Tariciotti, Leonardo; Guez, Sophie; Calderini, Edoardo; Locatelli, Marco title: Neurosurgery in an infant with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30927-2 sha: doc_id: 289235 cord_uid: slkqu1pt file: cache/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.json key: cord-289067-ptqzvsdw authors: Bansal, Priya; Bingemann, Theresa A.; Greenhawt, Matthew; Mosnaim, Giselle; Nanda, Anil; Oppenheimer, John; Sharma, Hemant; Stukus, David; Shaker, Marcus title: Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist date: 2020-04-04 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 289067 cord_uid: ptqzvsdw file: cache/cord-289201-pcnba40n.json key: cord-289201-pcnba40n authors: Janus, Scott E.; Hajjari, Jamal; Karnib, Mohamad; Tashtish, Nour; Al-Kind, Sadeer Gi; Hoit, Brian D title: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.053 sha: doc_id: 289201 cord_uid: pcnba40n file: cache/cord-289101-ko1knslk.json key: cord-289101-ko1knslk authors: Fu, Weihui; Liu, Yan; Liu, Li; Hu, Huiliang; Cheng, Xiaobo; Liu, Ping; Song, Zhigang; Zha, Lijun; Bai, Shimeng; Xu, Tingting; Yuan, Songhua; Lu, Fengru; Shang, Zhiying; Zhao, Yihong; Wang, Jing; Zhao, Jun; Ding, Longfei; Chen, Jun; Zhang, Lin; Zhu, Tongyu; Zhang, Xiaoyan; Lu, Hongzhou; Xu, Jianqing title: An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-κ plus TFF2 with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100547 sha: doc_id: 289101 cord_uid: ko1knslk file: cache/cord-289266-4830qw10.json key: cord-289266-4830qw10 authors: Borchert, Alex; Baumgarten, Lee; Dalela, Deepansh; Jamil, Marcus; Budzyn, Jeffrey; Kovacevic, Natalija; Yaguchi, Grace; Palma-Zamora, Isaac; Perkins, Sara; Bazzi, Mahdi; Wong, Phil; Sood, Akshay; Peabody, James; Rogers, Craig G; Dabaja, Ali; Atiemo, Humphrey title: Managing Urology Consultations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway date: 2020-04-21 journal: Urology DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.059 sha: doc_id: 289266 cord_uid: 4830qw10 file: cache/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.json key: cord-289114-ifnk41oq authors: Singh, Angaraj; Kumar, Manoj; Dubey, Ashutosh Kumar title: Effect of pre‐existing diseases on COVID‐19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment date: 2020-10-28 journal: Med Devices Sens DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10140 sha: doc_id: 289114 cord_uid: ifnk41oq file: cache/cord-289168-h27tkdal.json key: cord-289168-h27tkdal authors: Froelich, Sébastien; Mandonnet, Emmanuel; Julla, Jean-Baptiste; Touchard, Cyril; Laloi-Michelin, Marie; Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe; Gautier, Jean-François title: Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top? date: 2020-05-28 journal: Diabetes Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 289168 cord_uid: h27tkdal file: cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.json key: cord-289304-9srk0ohb authors: Bagnato, Sergio; Boccagni, Cristina; Marino, Giorgio; Prestandrea, Caterina; D’Agostino, Tiziana; Rubino, Francesca title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.072 sha: doc_id: 289304 cord_uid: 9srk0ohb file: cache/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.json key: cord-289315-8bfafpe0 authors: Trubiano, J. A.; Vogrin, S.; Smibert, O. C.; Marhoon, N.; Alexander, A. A.; Chua, K. Y.; James, F. L.; Jones, N. R.; Grigg, S. E.; xu, C. L.; Moini, n.; Stanley, S. R.; Birrell, M. T.; Rose, M. T.; Gordon, C. L.; Kwong, J. C.; Holmes, N. 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C.; Sridhar, Siddharth; Qian, Suyun; Lee, So Lun; Colin, Andrew A. title: Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS date: 2020-06-01 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24810 sha: doc_id: 289282 cord_uid: 4oz6r7op file: cache/cord-289377-2vqqabum.json key: cord-289377-2vqqabum authors: Yubero, P.; Lavin, A. A.; Poyatos, J. 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C. title: The COVID‐19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge? date: 2020-06-02 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15121 sha: doc_id: 289575 cord_uid: 2kxhav4q file: cache/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.json key: cord-289522-7u3d6nfc authors: Ebrahimi, Mina; Malehi, Amal Saki; Rahim, Fakher title: COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population date: 2020-10-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.02 sha: doc_id: 289522 cord_uid: 7u3d6nfc file: cache/cord-289647-14ba5sro.json key: cord-289647-14ba5sro authors: Panuganti, Bharat A.; Jafari, Aria; MacDonald, Bridget; DeConde, Adam S. title: Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter date: 2020-06-02 journal: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1177/0194599820932128 sha: doc_id: 289647 cord_uid: 14ba5sro file: cache/cord-289655-umc2t7du.json key: cord-289655-umc2t7du authors: Parohan, Mohammad; Yaghoubi, Sajad; Seraj, Asal title: Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-09 journal: Hepatol Res DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13510 sha: doc_id: 289655 cord_uid: umc2t7du file: cache/cord-289542-u86ujtur.json key: cord-289542-u86ujtur authors: Razavian, Narges; Major, Vincent J.; Sudarshan, Mukund; Burk-Rafel, Jesse; Stella, Peter; Randhawa, Hardev; Bilaloglu, Seda; Chen, Ji; Nguy, Vuthy; Wang, Walter; Zhang, Hao; Reinstein, Ilan; Kudlowitz, David; Zenger, Cameron; Cao, Meng; Zhang, Ruina; Dogra, Siddhant; Harish, Keerthi B.; Bosworth, Brian; Francois, Fritz; Horwitz, Leora I.; Ranganath, Rajesh; Austrian, Jonathan; Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon title: A validated, real-time prediction model for favorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 journal: NPJ Digit Med DOI: 10.1038/s41746-020-00343-x sha: doc_id: 289542 cord_uid: u86ujtur file: cache/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.json key: cord-289684-rvbofsmb authors: Fisher, Jennifer; Monette, Derek L.; Patel, Krupa R.; Kelley, Brendan P.; Kennedy, Maura title: COVID-19 associated parotitis: A case report date: 2020-06-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.059 sha: doc_id: 289684 cord_uid: rvbofsmb file: cache/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.json key: cord-289613-4ep4a3sn authors: Zahra, Shaker A. title: International entrepreneurship in the post Covid world date: 2020-09-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101143 sha: doc_id: 289613 cord_uid: 4ep4a3sn file: cache/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.json key: cord-289855-11pkt4uu authors: Bhargava, Shashank; Rokde, Richa; Rathod, Dipali; Kroumpouzos, George title: Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID‐19: All hands on deck date: 2020-05-13 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13420 sha: doc_id: 289855 cord_uid: 11pkt4uu file: cache/cord-289535-srrfr1es.json key: cord-289535-srrfr1es authors: Tregoning, J. S.; Brown, E. S.; Cheeseman, H. M.; Flight, K. E.; Higham, S. L.; Lemm, N.‐M.; Pierce, B. F.; Stirling, D. C.; Wang, Z.; Pollock, K. M. title: Vaccines for COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-18 journal: Clin Exp Immunol DOI: 10.1111/cei.13517 sha: doc_id: 289535 cord_uid: srrfr1es file: cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.json key: cord-289763-jek2pd31 authors: Fisher, Kimberly A.; Bloomstone, Sarah J.; Walder, Jeremy; Crawford, Sybil; Fouayzi, Hassan; Mazor, Kathleen M. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-3569 sha: doc_id: 289763 cord_uid: jek2pd31 file: cache/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.json key: cord-289719-64ugdvfe authors: Tenforde, Mark W.; Billig Rose, Erica; Lindsell, Christopher J.; Shapiro, Nathan I.; Files, D. Clark; Gibbs, Kevin W.; Prekker, Matthew E.; Steingrub, Jay S.; Smithline, Howard A.; Gong, Michelle N.; Aboodi, Michael S.; Exline, Matthew C.; Henning, Daniel J.; Wilson, Jennifer G.; Khan, Akram; Qadir, Nida; Stubblefield, William B.; Patel, Manish M.; Self, Wesley H.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Kassem, Ahmed M.; Sciarratta, Courtney N.; Dzuris, Nicole; Marcet, Paula L.; Siddula, Akshita; Griggs, Eric P.; Smith, Emily R.; Ogokeh, Constance E.; Wu, Michael; Kim, Sara S. title: Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020 date: 2020-07-03 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e3 sha: doc_id: 289719 cord_uid: 64ugdvfe file: cache/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.json key: cord-289917-2mxd7zxf authors: Singh, Brijesh P.; Singh, Gunjan title: Modeling tempo of COVID‐19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2257 sha: doc_id: 289917 cord_uid: 2mxd7zxf file: cache/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.json key: cord-289722-cc05jqb6 authors: Bendtsen Cano, Oliva; Cano Morales, Sabrina; Bendtsen, Claus title: COVID-19 Modelling: the Effects of Social Distancing date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.29.20046870 sha: doc_id: 289722 cord_uid: cc05jqb6 file: cache/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.json key: cord-289760-tjqd1srq authors: Prats-Uribe, A.; Paredes, R.; PRIETO-ALHAMBRA, D. title: Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092676 sha: doc_id: 289760 cord_uid: tjqd1srq file: cache/cord-289832-092dtzrd.json key: cord-289832-092dtzrd authors: Villard, Orianne; Morquin, David; Molinari, Nicolas; Raingeard, Isabelle; Nagot, Nicolas; Cristol, Jean-Paul; Jung, Boris; Roubille, Camille; Foulongne, Vincent; Fesler, Pierre; Lamure, Sylvain; Taourel, Patrice; Konate, Amadou; Maria, Alexandre Thibault Jacques; Makinson, Alain; Bertchansky, Ivan; Larcher, Romaric; Klouche, Kada; Le Moing, Vincent; Renard, Eric; Guilpain, Philippe title: The Plasmatic Aldosterone and C-Reactive Protein Levels, and the Severity of Covid-19: The Dyhor-19 Study date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072315 sha: doc_id: 289832 cord_uid: 092dtzrd file: cache/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.json key: cord-289852-4uxb70rh authors: Kassem, Dina H.; Kamal, Mohamed M. title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Game Changer for the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Cell Dev Biol DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587866 sha: doc_id: 289852 cord_uid: 4uxb70rh file: cache/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.json key: cord-289825-9hpegqlh authors: Lazarus, Gilbert; Mangkuliguna, Ghea; Findyartini, Ardi title: Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 journal: Korean J Med Educ DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2020.165 sha: doc_id: 289825 cord_uid: 9hpegqlh file: cache/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.json key: cord-289854-p8okfa4b authors: Flores, Gabriel; Kumar, Jay I; Pressman, Elliot; Sack, Jayson; Alikhani, Puya title: Spontaneous Brainstem Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Setting of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 – A Case Report date: 2020-10-05 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10809 sha: doc_id: 289854 cord_uid: p8okfa4b file: cache/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.json key: cord-289890-sf2uxubd authors: Rushworth, S. 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D.; Xydopoulos, G.; Goodwin, R.; Gomez, J.; Prakash, R.; Dervisevic, S.; Fordham, R.; Bowles, K.; Smith, J. title: Performance and health economic evaluation of the Mount Sinai COVID-19 serological assay identifies modification of thresholding as necessary to maximise specificity of the assay date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128306 sha: doc_id: 289890 cord_uid: sf2uxubd file: cache/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.json key: cord-289588-n61gz7pi authors: Samudrala, Pavan Kumar; Kumar, Pramod; Choudhary, Kamlesh; Thakur, Nagender; Wadekar, Gaurav Suresh; Dayaramani, Richa; Agrawal, Mukta; Alexander, Amit title: Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Eur J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173375 sha: doc_id: 289588 cord_uid: n61gz7pi file: cache/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.json key: cord-289859-b1k9uyp6 authors: Hodges, Kevin; Mubashir, Mujtaba; Insler, Joshua; Estep, Jerry; Hsich, Eileen; Tong, Michael; Insler, Steven; Soltesz, Edward title: Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device date: 2020-08-13 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14937 sha: doc_id: 289859 cord_uid: b1k9uyp6 file: cache/cord-289921-2x6011gr.json key: cord-289921-2x6011gr authors: Aldarhami, Abdu; Bazaid, Abdulrahman S; Althomali, Omar W; Binsaleh, Naif K title: Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing “Staying-at-Home” During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-22 journal: Int J Gen Med DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s269716 sha: doc_id: 289921 cord_uid: 2x6011gr file: cache/cord-290001-603qy8ml.json key: cord-290001-603qy8ml authors: Pimentel, Lígia L.; Rodríguez-Alcalá, Luis M. title: Cholesterol, inflammation, and phospholipids: COVID-19 share traits with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-10-17 journal: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158839 sha: doc_id: 290001 cord_uid: 603qy8ml file: cache/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.json key: cord-289905-dvl2pud2 authors: Gan, Rosemary; Rosoman, Nicholas P.; Henshaw, David J.E.; Noble, Euan P.; Georgius, Peter; Sommerfeld, Nigel title: COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease date: 2020-06-23 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110024 sha: doc_id: 289905 cord_uid: dvl2pud2 file: cache/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.json key: cord-290053-2i0lqs12 authors: Wang, Weiping; Hu, Ke; Qiu, Jie; Zhang, Fuquan title: Radiotherapy after the easing of public restrictions during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-09 journal: Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01612-5 sha: doc_id: 290053 cord_uid: 2i0lqs12 file: cache/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.json key: cord-290040-29mmwi6z authors: Mcloughlin, B. 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E.; Knopp, P.; Eyres, C.; Fabbri, A.; Humphries, F.; Davis, D. title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.07.20115188 sha: doc_id: 290040 cord_uid: 29mmwi6z file: cache/cord-289873-6hivjqof.json key: cord-289873-6hivjqof authors: Lu, Rui; Huang, Tianhui; Hu, Haiqing; Liu, Xiao-Ping title: Patients with mild and general COVID-19 should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharged date: 2020-10-02 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240081 sha: doc_id: 289873 cord_uid: 6hivjqof file: cache/cord-290000-4ko413xm.json key: cord-290000-4ko413xm authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Misra, Anoop title: Editorial: Herd mentality, herds of migrants/people, and COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-05 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 290000 cord_uid: 4ko413xm file: cache/cord-290085-gsma97ja.json key: cord-290085-gsma97ja authors: Satici, Begum; Saricali, Mehmet; Satici, Seydi Ahmet; Griffiths, Mark D. title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0 sha: doc_id: 290085 cord_uid: gsma97ja file: cache/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.json key: cord-290041-zxlq63n5 authors: Srivastava, Arnav; Patel, Hiren V.; Kim, Sinae; Shinder, Brian; Sterling, Joshua; Tabakin, Alexandra L.; Polotti, Charles F.; Saraiya, Biren; Mayer, Tina; Kim, Isaac Y.; Ghodoussipour, Saum; Patel, Hiten D.; Jang, Thomas L.; Singer, Eric A. title: Delaying Surgery for Clinical T1b-T2bN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Implications in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond date: 2020-10-20 journal: Urol Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.012 sha: doc_id: 290041 cord_uid: zxlq63n5 file: cache/cord-289904-u3et3we5.json key: cord-289904-u3et3we5 authors: Martinez, G.S.; Linares, C.; de’Donato, F.; Diaz, J. title: Protect the vulnerable from extreme heat during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109684 sha: doc_id: 289904 cord_uid: u3et3we5 file: cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.json key: cord-290116-ytpofa7b authors: Sujath, R.; Chatterjee, Jyotir Moy; Hassanien, Aboul Ella title: A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-05-30 journal: Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess DOI: 10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8 sha: doc_id: 290116 cord_uid: ytpofa7b file: cache/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.json key: cord-289907-wzctqkd7 authors: Elimian, K. O.; Ochu, C. L.; Ilori, E.; Oladejo, J.; Igumbor, E.; Steinhardt, L.; Wagai, J.; Arinze, C.; Ukponu, W.; Obiekea, C.; Aderinola, O.; Crawford, E.; Olayinka, A.; Dan-Nwafor, C.; Okwor, T.; Disu, Y.; Yinka-Ogunleye, A.; Kanu, N. E.; Olawepo, O. A.; Aruna, O.; Michael, C. A.; Dunkwu, L.; Ipadeola, O.; Naidoo, D.; Umeokonkwo, C. D.; Matthias, A.; Okunromade, O.; Badaru, S.; Jinadu, A.; Ogunbode, O.; Egwuenu, A.; Jafiya, A.; Dalhat, M.; Saleh, F.; Ebhodaghe, G. B.; Ahumibe, A.; Yashe, R. U.; Atteh, R.; Nwachukwu, W. E.; Ezeokafor, C.; Olaleye, D.; Habib, Z.; Abdus-Salam, I.; Pembi, E.; John, D.; Okhuarobo, U. J.; Assad, H.; Gandi, Y.; Muhammad, B.; Nwagwogu, C.; Nwadiuto, I.; Sulaiman, K.; Iwuji, I.; Okeji, A.; Thliza, S.; Fagbemi, S.; Usman, R.; Mohammed, A. A.; Adeola-Musa, O.; Ishaka, M.; Aketemo, U.; Kamaldeen, K.; Obagha, C. E.; Akinyode, A. O.; Nguku, P.; Mba, N.; Ihekweazu, C. title: Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020 date: 2020-09-11 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000206x sha: doc_id: 289907 cord_uid: wzctqkd7 file: cache/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.json key: cord-290256-mkfg7nar authors: Ren, Zhigang; Luo, Hong; Yu, Zujiang; Song, Jingchao; Liang, Lan; Wang, Ling; Wang, Haiyu; Cui, Guangying; Liu, Yong; Wang, Jin; Li, Qingquan; Zeng, Zhaohai; Yang, Shengkun; Pei, Guangzhong; Zhu, Yonghui; Song, Wenbin; Yu, Wenquan; Song, Chuanjun; Dong, Lihong; Hu, Chuansong; Du, Jinfa; Chang, Junbiao title: A Randomized, Open‐label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID‐19, A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-14 journal: Adv Sci (Weinh) DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001435 sha: doc_id: 290256 cord_uid: mkfg7nar file: cache/cord-290295-gl144dh9.json key: cord-290295-gl144dh9 authors: Martínez-López, Joaquín; Mateos, María-Victoria; Encinas, Cristina; Sureda, Anna; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel; Lopez de la Guía, Ana; Conde, Diego; Krsnik, Isabel; Prieto, Elena; Riaza Grau, Rosalía; Gironella, Mercedes; Blanchard, María Jesús; Caminos, Nerea; Fernández de Larrea, Carlos; Senin, María Alicia; Escalante, Fernando; de la Puerta, José Enrique; Giménez, Eugenio; Martínez-Barranco, Pilar; Mateos, Juan José; Casado, Luis Felipe; Bladé, Joan; Lahuerta, Juan José; de la Cruz, Javier; San-Miguel, Jesús title: Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality date: 2020-10-19 journal: Blood Cancer J DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00372-5 sha: doc_id: 290295 cord_uid: gl144dh9 file: cache/cord-290325-vozu14wg.json key: cord-290325-vozu14wg authors: O’Brien, Ciara M.; Jung, Katherine; Dang, Wilfred; Jang, Hyun-Jung; Kielar, Ania Z. title: Collateral damage: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute abdominal emergency presentations date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.08.010 sha: doc_id: 290325 cord_uid: vozu14wg file: cache/cord-290309-6i82ieim.json key: cord-290309-6i82ieim authors: Zini, Gina; Bellesi, Silvia; Ramundo, Francesco; d'Onofrio, Giuseppe title: Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: Am J Hematol DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25824 sha: doc_id: 290309 cord_uid: 6i82ieim file: cache/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.json key: cord-290195-8uaai9nv authors: Stebbing, Justin; Krishnan, Venkatesh; de Bono, Stephanie; Ottaviani, Silvia; Casalini, Giacomo; Richardson, Peter J.; Monteil, Vanessa; Lauschke, Volker M.; Mirazimi, Ali; Youhanna, Sonia; Tan, Yee‐Joo; Baldanti, Fausto; Sarasini, Antonella; Terres, Jorge A. Ross; Nickoloff, Brian J.; Higgs, Richard E.; Rocha, Guilherme; Byers, Nicole L.; Schlichting, Douglas E.; Nirula, Ajay; Cardoso, Anabela; Corbellino, Mario title: Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence‐predicted testing in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-30 journal: EMBO Mol Med DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012697 sha: doc_id: 290195 cord_uid: 8uaai9nv file: cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.json key: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 authors: Stachowska, Ewa; Folwarski, Marcin; Jamioł-Milc, Dominika; Maciejewska, Dominika; Skonieczna-Żydecka, Karolina title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 journal: Medicina (Kaunas) DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060289 sha: doc_id: 290326 cord_uid: umv0q4d7 file: cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.json key: cord-289919-iqa5pxda authors: Deng, Shichang; Wang, Wangshuai; Xie, Peihong; Chao, Yifan; Zhu, Jingru title: Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date: 2020-09-16 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784 sha: doc_id: 289919 cord_uid: iqa5pxda file: cache/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.json key: cord-290123-scd9u8ix authors: Mustafa, Mujahed I.; Abdelmoneim, Abdelrahman H.; Mahmoud, Eiman M.; Makhawi, Abdelrafie M. title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors date: 2020-09-23 journal: Mediators Inflamm DOI: 10.1155/2020/8198963 sha: doc_id: 290123 cord_uid: scd9u8ix file: cache/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.json key: cord-290209-gkx57lyq authors: Losurdo, Pasquale; Paiano, Lucia; Samardzic, Natasa; Germani, Paola; Bernardi, Laura; Borelli, Massimo; Pozzetto, Barbara; de Manzini, Nicolò; Bortul, Marina title: Impact of lockdown for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on surgical site infection rates: a monocentric observational cohort study date: 2020-09-14 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00884-6 sha: doc_id: 290209 cord_uid: gkx57lyq file: cache/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.json key: cord-290297-efo9f7c5 authors: Vaillancourt, Mylene; Jorth, Peter title: The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: mBio DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01806-20 sha: doc_id: 290297 cord_uid: efo9f7c5 file: cache/cord-290057-tj97q2py.json key: cord-290057-tj97q2py authors: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes; Olmos, Cristina Gómez; Guaita, Julia Ocaña; Zúñiga, Claudio Gandarias title: Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.494 sha: doc_id: 290057 cord_uid: tj97q2py file: cache/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.json key: cord-290392-kpjp0sx4 authors: Li, Xu; Ma, Xiaochun title: Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? date: 2020-05-06 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02911-9 sha: doc_id: 290392 cord_uid: kpjp0sx4 file: cache/cord-290267-ke696q8j.json key: cord-290267-ke696q8j authors: Fang, Huilin; Liu, Qiaomei; Xi, Maomao; Xiong, Di; He, Jing; Luo, Pengcheng; Li, Zhanghua title: Impact of comorbidities on clinical prognosis in 1280 patients with different types of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-13 journal: J Investig Med DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001555 sha: doc_id: 290267 cord_uid: ke696q8j file: cache/cord-290341-ei768v4s.json key: cord-290341-ei768v4s authors: Anstey, D. Edmund; Givens, Raymond; Clerkin, Kevin; Fried, Justin; Kalcheva, Nellie; Kumaraiah, Deepa; Masoumi, Amirali; O'Connor, Daniel; Rosner, Gregg F.; Wasson, Lauren; Hammond, Jeffrey; Kirtane, Ajay; Uriel, Nir; Schwartz, Allan; Rabbani, LeRoy; Abdalla, Marwah title: The cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac Intensivist during the COVID-19 surge in New York City() date: 2020-07-03 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 290341 cord_uid: ei768v4s file: cache/cord-290429-0d34abdo.json key: cord-290429-0d34abdo authors: Elengoe, Asita title: COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia date: 2020-06-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08 sha: doc_id: 290429 cord_uid: 0d34abdo file: cache/cord-290419-angcz55b.json key: cord-290419-angcz55b authors: Tran, Bach Xuan; Nguyen, Hien Thi; Le, Huong Thi; Latkin, Carl A.; Pham, Hai Quang; Vu, Linh Gia; Le, Xuan Thi Thanh; Nguyen, Thao Thanh; Pham, Quan Thi; Ta, Nhung Thi Kim; Nguyen, Quynh Thi; Ho, Cyrus S. H.; Ho, Roger C. M. title: Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-Being and Quality of Life of the Vietnamese During the National Social Distancing date: 2020-09-11 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153 sha: doc_id: 290419 cord_uid: angcz55b file: cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.json key: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 authors: Lord, Heidi; Loveday, Clare; Moxham, Lorna; Fernandez, Ritin title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 journal: Intensive Crit Care Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102946 sha: doc_id: 290140 cord_uid: mmbzxz06 file: cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.json key: cord-290471-xg9d4dex authors: Coleman, Brian C; Kean, Jacob; Brandt, Cynthia A; Peduzzi, Peter; Kerns, Robert D title: Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date: 2020-09-04 journal: Transl Behav Med DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa074 sha: doc_id: 290471 cord_uid: xg9d4dex file: cache/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.json key: cord-290314-ldv9hsv1 authors: Cortis, Dominic title: On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00202 sha: doc_id: 290314 cord_uid: ldv9hsv1 file: cache/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.json key: cord-290458-5fwbh9t9 authors: Lal, Preet; Kumar, Amit; Kumar, Shubham; Kumari, Sheetal; Saikia, Purabi; Dayanandan, Arun; Adhikari, Dibyendu; Khan, M. L. title: The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment date: 2020-05-08 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139297 sha: doc_id: 290458 cord_uid: 5fwbh9t9 file: cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.json key: cord-290456-cgrn5c36 authors: Soliman, Mohamed A. R.; Elbaroody, Mohammad; Elsamman, Amr K.; Refaat, Mohamed Ibrahim; Abd-Haleem, Ehab; Elhalaby, Walid; Gouda, Hazem; Safwat, Amr; Shazly, Mohamed El; Lasheen, Hisham; Younes, AbdelRahman; El-Hemily, Yousry; Elsaid, Ahmed; Kandel, Haitham; Lotfy, Mohamed; Refaee, Ehab El title: Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date: 2020-09-25 journal: Surg Neurol Int DOI: 10.25259/sni_547_2020 sha: doc_id: 290456 cord_uid: cgrn5c36 file: cache/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.json key: cord-290372-vv47wnqk authors: Zhang, Yufang; Ma, Peifen; Zhang, Xiu; Pei, Zhuoxi; Wang, Haixia; Dou, Xinman title: Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-23 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022736 sha: doc_id: 290372 cord_uid: vv47wnqk file: cache/cord-290500-v2n8godx.json key: cord-290500-v2n8godx authors: Cardinali, Daniel P.; Brown, Gregory M.; Reiter, Russel J.; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R. title: Elderly as a High-risk Group during COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Circadian Misalignment, Sleep Dysregulation and Melatonin Administration date: 2020-09-26 journal: Sleep Vigil DOI: 10.1007/s41782-020-00111-7 sha: doc_id: 290500 cord_uid: v2n8godx file: cache/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.json key: cord-290490-u3mkfvxw authors: Armstrong-James, Darius; Youngs, Jonathan; Bicanic, Tihana; Abdolrasouli, Alireza; Denning, David W.; Johnson, Elizabeth; Mehra, Varun; Pagliuca, Tony; Patel, Brijesh; Rhodes, Johanna; Schelenz, Silke; Shah, Anand; van de Veerdonk, Frank L.; Verweij, Paul E.; White, P. Lewis; Fisher, Matthew C. title: Confronting and mitigating the risk of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) date: 2020-07-23 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02554-2020 sha: doc_id: 290490 cord_uid: u3mkfvxw file: cache/cord-290551-a02tueuu.json key: cord-290551-a02tueuu authors: Singh, Shailendra; Bilal, Mohammad; Pakhchanian, Haig; Raiker, Rahul; Kochhar, Gursimran S.; Thompson, Christopher C. title: Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. date: 2020-08-21 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.028 sha: doc_id: 290551 cord_uid: a02tueuu file: cache/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.json key: cord-290428-zrlqzbss authors: de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne; Corgosinho, Flavia Campos; Sanches, Fabiane La Flor Ziegler; Prado, Carla Marques Maia; Laviano, Alessandro; Mota, João Felipe title: Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 journal: Nutr Rev DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067 sha: doc_id: 290428 cord_uid: zrlqzbss file: cache/cord-290592-c9bsielo.json key: cord-290592-c9bsielo authors: Wang, Rui; DeGruttola, Victor; Lei, Quanhong; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Redline, Susan; Hazra, Aditi; Mora, Samia; Willett, Walter C.; Ganmaa, Davaasambuu; Manson, JoAnn E. title: The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design date: 2020-10-10 journal: Contemp Clin Trials DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106176 sha: doc_id: 290592 cord_uid: c9bsielo file: cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.json key: cord-290523-pqah68j8 authors: Waite, Roberta; Nardi, Deena title: Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date: 2020-10-22 journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.010 sha: doc_id: 290523 cord_uid: pqah68j8 file: cache/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.json key: cord-290590-cmmkfokm authors: Lee, Se Yoon; Mallick, Bani; Lei, Bowen title: Estimation of COVID-19 spread curves integrating global data and borrowing information date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20077065 sha: doc_id: 290590 cord_uid: cmmkfokm file: cache/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.json key: cord-290611-fhaguv3f authors: Ghio, Stefano; Baldi, Enrico; Vicentini, Alessandro; Lenti, Marco Vincenzo; Di Sabatino, Antonio; Di Matteo, Angela; Zuccaro, Valentina; Piloni, Davide; Corsico, Angelo; Gnecchi, Massimiliano; Speciale, Francesco; Sabena, Anna; Oltrona Visconti, Luigi; Perlini, Stefano title: Cardiac involvement at presentation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their outcome in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-22 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02493-y sha: doc_id: 290611 cord_uid: fhaguv3f file: cache/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.json key: cord-290619-e4h47fo4 authors: Castiglioni, Massimo; Pelosi, Giuseppe; Meroni, Alberto; Tagliabue, Marta; Uslenghi, Elisabetta; Salaris, Davide; Incarbone, Matteo title: SURGICAL RESECTIONS OF SUPERINFECTED PNEUMATOCELES IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-06-27 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 290619 cord_uid: e4h47fo4 file: cache/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.json key: cord-290636-x8cevt8d authors: Ruiz-Quinonez, J. A.; Guzman-Priego, C.; Nolasco-Rosales, G. A.; Tovilla-Zarate, C. A.; Flores-Barrientos, O. I.; Narvaez-Osorio, V.; Baeza-Flores, G. d. C.; Gonzalez-Castro, T. B.; Lopez-Brito, C. R.; Denis-Garcia, C. A.; Perez-Garcia, A.; Juarez-Rojop, I. E. title: Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20199117 sha: doc_id: 290636 cord_uid: x8cevt8d file: cache/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.json key: cord-290522-icjt8bbw authors: Sablerolles, Roos S G; Hogenhuis, Freija E F; Lafeber, Melvin; van de Loo, Bob P A; Borgsteede, Sander D; Boersma, Eric; Versmissen, Jorie; van der Kuy, Hugo M title: COvid MEdicaTion (COMET) study: protocol for a cohort study date: 2020-06-25 journal: Eur J Hosp Pharm DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002329 sha: doc_id: 290522 cord_uid: icjt8bbw file: cache/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.json key: cord-290731-xp7pgbkd authors: Balmforth, D.; Yates, M.; Lau, K.; Hussain, A.; Lopez-Marco, A.; Edmondson, S.; Oo, A.; Uppal, R.; Sepehripour, A.; Lall, K.; Roberts, N.; Salvo, C Di; Kolvekar, S.; Wong, K.; Ambekar, S.; Sheikh, A.; Adams, B.; Yap, J.; Lawrence, D.; Awad, W.; Shipolini, A.; Rathwell, C.; Rahnavardi, Mohamed; Stamenkovic, Steven; Waller, David; Wilson, Henrietta; Al-Sahaf, May title: Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Midst of a Pandemic: Operative outcomes and maintaining a COVID-19-free environment. date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2020.09.003 sha: doc_id: 290731 cord_uid: xp7pgbkd file: cache/cord-290653-48swl1aq.json key: cord-290653-48swl1aq authors: Teng, Margaret; Tang, Si Ying; Koh, Calvin Jianyi title: Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application date: 2020-09-16 journal: World J Gastrointest Endosc DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.256 sha: doc_id: 290653 cord_uid: 48swl1aq file: cache/cord-290712-flj352ql.json key: cord-290712-flj352ql authors: Bi, Jianping; Ma, Hong; Zhang, Dongsheng; Huang, Jing; Yang, Dongqin; Wang, Yajie; Verma, Vivek; Zhang, Tao; Hu, Desheng; Mei, Qi; Han, Guang; Li, Jian title: Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-09-04 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02672-2020 sha: doc_id: 290712 cord_uid: flj352ql file: cache/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.json key: cord-290677-3gdcyrrz authors: De Virgiliis, Francesco; Di Giovanni, Simone title: Lung innervation in the eye of a cytokine storm: neuroimmune interactions and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: Nat Rev Neurol DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0402-y sha: doc_id: 290677 cord_uid: 3gdcyrrz file: cache/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.json key: cord-290740-vt4txzfx authors: Zhang, H.; Yin, T. Y.; Qin, R. Y. title: Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-24 journal: Br J Surg DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11943 sha: doc_id: 290740 cord_uid: vt4txzfx file: cache/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.json key: cord-290694-jmav8xi4 authors: Bridgland, Victoria M. E.; Moeck, Ella K.; Green, Deanne M.; Swain, Taylor L.; Nayda, Diane; Matson, Lucy A.; Hutchison, Nadine P.; Takarangi, Melanie K.T. title: Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor date: 2020-09-22 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.22.307637 sha: doc_id: 290694 cord_uid: jmav8xi4 file: cache/cord-290594-dvco042c.json key: cord-290594-dvco042c authors: Sofia, Soccorsa; Boccatonda, Andrea; Montanari, Marco; Spampinato, Michele; D’ardes, Damiano; Cocco, Giulio; Accogli, Esterita; Cipollone, Francesco; Schiavone, Cosima title: Thoracic ultrasound and SARS-COVID-19: a pictorial essay date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Ultrasound DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00458-7 sha: doc_id: 290594 cord_uid: dvco042c file: cache/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.json key: cord-290766-aoyvdyra authors: Brancalion, Pedro H.S.; Broadbent, Eben N.; de-Miguel, Sergio; Cardil, Adrián; Rosa, Marcos R.; Almeida, Catherine T.; Almeida, Danilo R.A.; Chakravarty, Shourish; Zhou, Mo; Gamarra, Javier G.P.; Liang, Jingjing; Crouzeilles, Renato; Hérault, Bruno; Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.; Silva, Carlos Alberto; Almeyda-Zambrano, Angelica M. title: Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-30 journal: Perspect Ecol Conserv DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 290766 cord_uid: aoyvdyra file: cache/cord-290771-18dj37dj.json key: cord-290771-18dj37dj authors: Tzeng, Ching-Wei D.; Teshome, Mediget; Katz, Matthew H. G.; Weinberg, Jeffrey S.; Lai, Stephen Y.; Antonoff, Mara B.; Bird, Justin E.; Shafer, Aaron; Davis, John W.; Adelman, David M.; Moon, Bryan; Reece, Gregory; Prabhu, Sujit S.; DeSnyder, Sarah M.; Skibber, John M.; Mehran, Reza; Schmeler, Kathleen; Roland, Christina L.; Tran Cao, Hop S.; Aloia, Thomas A.; Caudle, Abigail S.; Swisher, Stephen G.; Vauthey, Jean-Nicolas title: Cancer Surgery Scheduling During and After the COVID-19 First Wave: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience date: 2020-05-18 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004092 sha: doc_id: 290771 cord_uid: 18dj37dj file: cache/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.json key: cord-290832-zmj59rc3 authors: Recinella, Guerino; Marasco, Giovanni; Serafini, Giovanni; Maestri, Lorenzo; Bianchi, Giampaolo; Forti, Paola; Zoli, Marco title: Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a monocentric study date: 2020-10-08 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01727-5 sha: doc_id: 290832 cord_uid: zmj59rc3 file: cache/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.json key: cord-290814-j3sp3dq9 authors: Song, Jehun; Kang, Seongmin; Choi, Seung Won; Seo, Kwang Won; Lee, Sunggun; So, Min Wook; Lim, Doo-Ho title: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-20 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04584-7 sha: doc_id: 290814 cord_uid: j3sp3dq9 file: cache/cord-290815-08rafcek.json key: cord-290815-08rafcek authors: McMaster, David; Veremu, Munashe; Santucci, Catherine title: COVID‐19: opportunities for professional development and disruptive innovation date: 2020-05-28 journal: Clin Teach DOI: 10.1111/tct.13175 sha: doc_id: 290815 cord_uid: 08rafcek file: cache/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.json key: cord-290820-28ggcjx0 authors: Lim, Michael Anthonius; Pranata, Raymond title: Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown date: 2020-07-04 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02300-9 sha: doc_id: 290820 cord_uid: 28ggcjx0 file: cache/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.json key: cord-290863-f0wpsaip authors: Tenforde, Mark W.; Kim, Sara S.; Lindsell, Christopher J.; Billig Rose, Erica; Shapiro, Nathan I.; Files, D. Clark; Gibbs, Kevin W.; Erickson, Heidi L.; Steingrub, Jay S.; Smithline, Howard A.; Gong, Michelle N.; Aboodi, Michael S.; Exline, Matthew C.; Henning, Daniel J.; Wilson, Jennifer G.; Khan, Akram; Qadir, Nida; Brown, Samuel M.; Peltan, Ithan D.; Rice, Todd W.; Hager, David N.; Ginde, Adit A.; Stubblefield, William B.; Patel, Manish M.; Self, Wesley H.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Hart, Kimberly W.; McClellan, Robert; Dorough, Layne; Dzuris, Nicole; Griggs, Eric P.; Kassem, Ahmed M.; Marcet, Paula L.; Ogokeh, Constance E.; Sciarratta, Courtney N.; Siddula, Akshita; Smith, Emily R.; Wu, Michael J. title: Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020 date: 2020-07-31 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1 sha: doc_id: 290863 cord_uid: f0wpsaip file: cache/cord-290895-tb0xald0.json key: cord-290895-tb0xald0 authors: Indu, Purushothaman; Rameshkumar, Marimuthu Ragavan; Arunagirinathan, Narasingam; Al-Dhabi, Naif Abdullah; Arasu, Mariadhas Valan; Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu title: Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach date: 2020-10-26 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.015 sha: doc_id: 290895 cord_uid: tb0xald0 file: cache/cord-290921-dozqofrm.json key: cord-290921-dozqofrm authors: Tan, Limin; Ma, Changxi title: Choice behavior of commuters' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model date: 2020-09-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 290921 cord_uid: dozqofrm file: cache/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.json key: cord-290947-5ewpvo4j authors: Carda, Stefano; Invernizzi, Marco; Bavikatte, Ganesh; Bensmaïl, Djamel; Bianchi, Francesca; Deltombe, Thierry; Draulans, Nathalie; Esquenazi, Alberto; Francisco, Gerard E.; Gross, Raphaël; Jacinto, Luis Jorge; Pérez, Susana Moraleda; O’Dell, Michael W.; Reebye, Rajiv; Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica; Wissel, Jörg; Molteni, Franco title: The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician's view date: 2020-04-18 journal: Ann Phys Rehabil Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 290947 cord_uid: 5ewpvo4j file: cache/cord-290950-v28kilvn.json key: cord-290950-v28kilvn authors: Peyrony, Olivier; Ellouze, Sami; Fontaine, Jean-Paul; Le Cam, Micheline Thegat; Salmona, Maud; Feghoul, Linda; Mahjoub, Nadia; Mercier-Delarue, Séverine; Gabassi, Audrey; Delaugerre, Constance; Le Goff, Jérôme title: Surfaces and equipment contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Emergency Department at a university hospital date: 2020-08-07 journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113600 sha: doc_id: 290950 cord_uid: v28kilvn file: cache/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.json key: cord-290841-lo84h1yf authors: Lim, Rodrick; Ali, Huma; Gagnier, Rachel; Marlborough, Michelle; Northcott, Sandra title: Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.442 sha: doc_id: 290841 cord_uid: lo84h1yf file: cache/cord-290938-v7giuq53.json key: cord-290938-v7giuq53 authors: Ochoa-Callejero, L.; Garcia-Sanmartin, J.; Villoslada-Blanco, P.; Iniguez, M.; Perez-Matute, P.; Brody, R.; Oteo, J. A.; Martinez, A. title: Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.01.20205088 sha: doc_id: 290938 cord_uid: v7giuq53 file: cache/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.json key: cord-290856-6de0mwg0 authors: Abbo, Aharon (Ronnie); Miller, Asaf; Gazit, Talya; Savir, Yonatan; Caspi, Oren title: Technological Developments and Strategic Management for Overcoming the COVID-19 Challenge within the Hospital Setting in Israel date: 2020-07-31 journal: Rambam Maimonides Med J DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10417 sha: doc_id: 290856 cord_uid: 6de0mwg0 file: cache/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.json key: cord-290955-m2igkcxv authors: Asli, Rosmonaliza; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Chong, Pui Lin; Metussin, Dhiya; Momin, Riamiza Natalie; Mani, Babu Ivan; Chong, Vui Heng title: Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-05-07 journal: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0376 sha: doc_id: 290955 cord_uid: m2igkcxv file: cache/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.json key: cord-290939-tqi0v1w8 authors: Boon, Ian S.; Au Yong, Tracy P.T.; Boon, Cheng S. title: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns date: 2020-04-25 journal: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 290939 cord_uid: tqi0v1w8 file: cache/cord-290642-vlyingsf.json key: cord-290642-vlyingsf authors: Kwon, S.; Joshi, A. D.; Lo, C.-H.; Drew, D. A.; Nguyen, L.; Guo, C.-G.; Ma, W.; Mehta, R. S.; Warner, E. T.; Astley, C. M.; Merino, J.; Murray, B.; Wolf, J.; Ourselin, S.; Steves, C.; Spector, T.; Hart, J. E.; Song, M.; VoPham, T.; Chan, A. T. title: Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 sha: doc_id: 290642 cord_uid: vlyingsf file: cache/cord-290836-jldfrec9.json key: cord-290836-jldfrec9 authors: Laosa, Olga; Pedraza, Laura; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Carnicero, Jose A.; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Mañas, Leocadio title: Rapid assessment at hospital admission of mortality risk from COVID-19: the role of functional status date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 290836 cord_uid: jldfrec9 file: cache/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.json key: cord-290960-0kdv91j0 authors: Rojas-Marte, G; Khalid, M; Mukhtar, O; Hashmi, A T; Waheed, M A; Ehrlich, S; Aslam, A; Siddiqui, S; Agarwal, C; Malyshev, Y; Henriquez-Felipe, C; Sharma, D; Sharma, S; Chukwuka, N; Rodriguez, D C; Alliu, S; Le, J; Shani, J title: Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case–controlled study date: 2020-06-19 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa206 sha: doc_id: 290960 cord_uid: 0kdv91j0 file: cache/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.json key: cord-290975-2kmvyovm authors: Martinotti, Giovanni; Alessi, Maria Chiara; Di Natale, Chiara; Sociali, Antonella; Ceci, Franca; Lucidi, Lorenza; Picutti, Elena; Di Carlo, Francesco; Corbo, Mariangela; Vellante, Federica; Fiori, Federica; Tourjansky, Gaia; Catalano, Gabriella; Carenti, Maria Luisa; Incerti, Chiara Concetta; Bartoletti, Luigi; Barlati, Stefano; Romeo, Vincenzo Maria; Verrastro, Valeria; De Giorgio, Fabio; Valchera, Alessandro; Sepede, Gianna; Casella, Pietro; Pettorruso, Mauro; di Giannantonio, Massimo title: Psychopathological Burden and Quality of Life in Substance Users During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Italy date: 2020-09-03 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572245 sha: doc_id: 290975 cord_uid: 2kmvyovm file: cache/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.json key: cord-290995-ok6lsh9m authors: Zhou, Xiang; Bai, Tao; Meckel, Katharina; Song, Jun; Jin, Yu; Kortüm, K. Martin; Einsele, Hermann; Hou, Xiaohua; Rasche, Leo title: COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan date: 2020-07-18 journal: Ann Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2 sha: doc_id: 290995 cord_uid: ok6lsh9m file: cache/cord-291023-vltxefr7.json key: cord-291023-vltxefr7 authors: Murt, Ahmet; Altıparmak, Mehmet Rıza title: Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation? date: 2020-05-19 journal: Nephron Clin Pract DOI: 10.1159/000508380 sha: doc_id: 291023 cord_uid: vltxefr7 file: cache/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.json key: cord-291025-u5z8zji3 authors: Karami, Parisa; Naghavi, Maliheh; Feyzi, Abdolamir; Aghamohammadi, Mehdi; Novin, Mohammad Sadegh; Mobaien, Ahmadreza; Qorbanisani, Mohamad; Karami, Aida; Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein title: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings date: 2020-04-11 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101665 sha: doc_id: 291025 cord_uid: u5z8zji3 file: cache/cord-291032-l813q689.json key: cord-291032-l813q689 authors: Shupler, M.; Mwitari, J.; Gohole, A.; Anderson de Cuevas, R.; Puzzolo, E.; Cukic, I.; Nix, E.; Pope, D. title: COVID-19 Lockdown in a Kenyan Informal Settlement: Impacts on Household Energy and Food Security date: 2020-05-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115113 sha: doc_id: 291032 cord_uid: l813q689 file: cache/cord-291038-n8bk541m.json key: cord-291038-n8bk541m authors: Bhala, Neeraj; Curry, Gwenetta; Martineau, Adrian R; Agyemang, Charles; Bhopal, Raj title: Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-10 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31102-8 sha: doc_id: 291038 cord_uid: n8bk541m file: cache/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.json key: cord-291016-c83fs5ih authors: Gori, Tommaso; Lelieveld, Jos; Münzel, Thomas title: Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: Basic Res Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0792-4 sha: doc_id: 291016 cord_uid: c83fs5ih file: cache/cord-291037-19csqq89.json key: cord-291037-19csqq89 authors: Janssen, Rob; Walk, Jona title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity date: 2020-08-25 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110218 sha: doc_id: 291037 cord_uid: 19csqq89 file: cache/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.json key: cord-291144-6p40cqvk authors: Strom, Mark A.; Trager, Megan H.; Geskin, Larisa J. title: Reticular skin eruption as the initial sign of coronavirus disease 2019 infection date: 2020-06-24 journal: JAAD Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.06.032 sha: doc_id: 291144 cord_uid: 6p40cqvk file: cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.json key: cord-290952-tbsccwgx authors: Ullah, Saif; Khan, Muhammad Altaf title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110075 sha: doc_id: 290952 cord_uid: tbsccwgx file: cache/cord-290987-644d1i1n.json key: cord-290987-644d1i1n authors: Mostafa, Mohamed K.; Gamal, Gamil; Wafiq, A. title: The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt date: 2020-10-10 journal: J Environ Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111496 sha: doc_id: 290987 cord_uid: 644d1i1n file: cache/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.json key: cord-291146-f3e5ynhu authors: Sarangarajan, Rangaprasad; Winn, Robert; Kiebish, Michael A.; Bountra, Chas; Granger, Elder; Narain, Niven R. title: Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers date: 2020-09-08 journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00853-0 sha: doc_id: 291146 cord_uid: f3e5ynhu file: cache/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.json key: cord-291018-5j4nt2qs authors: Foddai, Alessandro; Lindberg, Ann; Lubroth, Juan; Ellis-Iversen, Johanne title: Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health date: 2020-03-27 journal: One Health DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100130 sha: doc_id: 291018 cord_uid: 5j4nt2qs file: cache/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.json key: cord-291188-ddw6ir08 authors: Kip, K. E.; Snyder, G.; Yealy, D. M.; Mellors, J. W.; Minnier, T.; Donahoe, M. P.; McKibben, J.; Collins, K.; Marroquin, O. C. title: Temporal Changes in Clinical Practice with COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Potential Explanations for Better In-Hospital Outcomes date: 2020-09-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20203802 sha: doc_id: 291188 cord_uid: ddw6ir08 file: cache/cord-291168-4u4cssky.json key: cord-291168-4u4cssky authors: Martin-Villares, Cristina; Perez Molina-Ramirez, Carmen; Bartolome-Benito, Margarita; Bernal-Sprekelsen, Manuel title: Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain date: 2020-08-04 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06220-3 sha: doc_id: 291168 cord_uid: 4u4cssky file: cache/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.json key: cord-291150-u9v7gp37 authors: Zhang, Xiao; Shao, Fuqiang; Lan, Xiaoli title: Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-25 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04779-x sha: doc_id: 291150 cord_uid: u9v7gp37 file: cache/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.json key: cord-291176-evb6yt0r authors: Giorgi Rossi, Paolo; Marino, Massimiliano; Formisano, Debora; Venturelli, Francesco; Vicentini, Massimo; Grilli, Roberto title: Characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of COVID-19 patients in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Italy date: 2020-08-27 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238281 sha: doc_id: 291176 cord_uid: evb6yt0r file: cache/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.json key: cord-291187-8mbvmw0u authors: Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro; Martínez Patiño, María José; Villafaina, Santos; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier title: The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players date: 2020-09-11 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812 sha: doc_id: 291187 cord_uid: 8mbvmw0u file: cache/cord-291265-qmylxndp.json key: cord-291265-qmylxndp authors: Moravvej, Zahra; Soltani-Moghadam, Reza; Ahmadian Yazdi, Azam; Shahraki, Kianoush title: COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran date: 2020-04-23 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.164 sha: doc_id: 291265 cord_uid: qmylxndp file: cache/cord-291155-2fze1t92.json key: cord-291155-2fze1t92 authors: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan; Kurniawan, Andree title: Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-26 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.023 sha: doc_id: 291155 cord_uid: 2fze1t92 file: cache/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.json key: cord-291190-f6km3c7z authors: Nasi, Aikaterini; McArdle, Stephanie; Gaudernack, Gustav; Westman, Gabriel; Melief, Cornelis; Kouretas, Demetrios; Arens, Ramon; Sjölin, Jan; Mangsbo, Sara title: Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention date: 2020-06-18 journal: Toxicol Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 291190 cord_uid: f6km3c7z file: cache/cord-291271-movbn4dn.json key: cord-291271-movbn4dn authors: Jahangiry, Leila; Bakhtari, Fatemeh; Sohrabi, Zahara; Reihani, Parvin; Samei, Sirous; Ponnet, Koen; Montazeri, Ali title: Risk perception related to COVID-19 among the Iranian general population: an application of the extended parallel process model date: 2020-10-19 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09681-7 sha: doc_id: 291271 cord_uid: movbn4dn file: cache/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.json key: cord-291253-5mzcvfm4 authors: Afzal, Waseem title: What we can learn from information flows about COVID‐19: Implications for research and practice date: 2020-10-22 journal: Proc Assoc Inf Sci Technol DOI: 10.1002/pra2.245 sha: doc_id: 291253 cord_uid: 5mzcvfm4 file: cache/cord-291311-5hw307v1.json key: cord-291311-5hw307v1 authors: Xiao, Hongjun; Zhong, Yi; Zhang, Xiaomeng; Cai, Fucheng; Varvares, Mark A. title: How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-04-27 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26167 sha: doc_id: 291311 cord_uid: 5hw307v1 file: cache/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.json key: cord-291226-xdq2edy0 authors: Stefely, Jonathan A.; Christensen, Bianca B.; Gogakos, Tasos; Cone Sullivan, Jensyn K.; Montgomery, Gabriella G.; Barranco, John P.; Van Cott, Elizabeth M. title: Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID‐19 is associated with venous thromboembolism date: 2020-08-24 journal: Am J Hematol DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25979 sha: doc_id: 291226 cord_uid: xdq2edy0 file: cache/cord-291184-uza4orb8.json key: cord-291184-uza4orb8 authors: Lyra, Wladimir; do Nascimento, Jose Dias; Belkhiria, Jaber; de Almeida, Leandro; Chrispim, Pedro Paulo; de Andrade, Ion title: COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil. date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053 sha: doc_id: 291184 cord_uid: uza4orb8 file: cache/cord-291315-y40s45iv.json key: cord-291315-y40s45iv authors: Logunov, Denis Y; Dolzhikova, Inna V; Zubkova, Olga V; Tukhvatullin, Amir I; Shcheblyakov, Dmitry V; Dzharullaeva, Alina S; Grousova, Daria M; Erokhova, Alina S; Kovyrshina, Anna V; Botikov, Andrei G; Izhaeva, Fatima M; Popova, Olga; Ozharovskaya, Tatiana A; Esmagambetov, Ilias B; Favorskaya, Irina A; Zrelkin, Denis I; Voronina, Daria V; Shcherbinin, Dmitry N; Semikhin, Alexander S; Simakova, Yana V; Tokarskaya, Elizaveta A; Lubenets, Nadezhda L; Egorova, Daria A; Shmarov, Maksim M; Nikitenko, Natalia A; Morozova, Lola F; Smolyarchuk, Elena A; Kryukov, Evgeny V; Babira, Vladimir F; Borisevich, Sergei V; Naroditsky, Boris S; Gintsburg, Alexander L title: Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia date: 2020-09-04 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31866-3 sha: doc_id: 291315 cord_uid: y40s45iv file: cache/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.json key: cord-291275-qylkm2tn authors: Khosravi, Mohsen title: The challenges ahead for patients with feeding and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-07 journal: J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00322-3 sha: doc_id: 291275 cord_uid: qylkm2tn file: cache/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.json key: cord-291227-dgjieg7t authors: Mandal, Manotosh; Jana, Soovoojeet; Nandi, Swapan Kumar; Khatua, Anupam; Adak, Sayani; Kar, T.K. title: A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control date: 2020-05-13 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109889 sha: doc_id: 291227 cord_uid: dgjieg7t file: cache/cord-291393-iht5zndl.json key: cord-291393-iht5zndl authors: De Angelis, Giulia; Posteraro, Brunella; Biscetti, Federico; Ianiro, Gianluca; Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo; Cattani, Paola; Franceschi, Francesco; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Gasbarrini, Antonio title: Confirmed or unconfirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Italian patients: a retrospective analysis of clinical features date: 2020-10-19 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05504-7 sha: doc_id: 291393 cord_uid: iht5zndl file: cache/cord-291410-umaxozwk.json key: cord-291410-umaxozwk authors: Gupta, Vishal title: COVID-19 and Acute Pancreatitis: What Do Surgeons Need to Know? date: 2020-06-05 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02447-w sha: doc_id: 291410 cord_uid: umaxozwk file: cache/cord-291413-cgec7150.json key: cord-291413-cgec7150 authors: Al-Jehani, Hosam; John, Seby; Hussain, Syed Irteza; Al Hashmi, Amal; Alhamid, May Adel; Amr, Dareen; Ozdemir, Atilla Ozcan; Shuaib, Ashfaq; Alhazzani, Adel; Ghorbani, Mohammad; Mansour, Ossama; Saqqur, Maher title: MENA-SINO Consensus Statement on Implementing Care Pathways for Acute Neurovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00928 sha: doc_id: 291413 cord_uid: cgec7150 file: cache/cord-291234-rozpps6v.json key: cord-291234-rozpps6v authors: Faye, C.; Wade, C.; Dione, I. D. title: A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD? date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104687 sha: doc_id: 291234 cord_uid: rozpps6v file: cache/cord-291244-o4isx15k.json key: cord-291244-o4isx15k authors: Ikuyama, Yuichi; Wada, Yosuke; Tateishi, Kazunari; Kitaguchi, Yoshiaki; Yasuo, Masanori; Ushiki, Atsuhito; Urushihata, Kazuhisa; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Kamijo, Hiroshi; Mita, Atsuyoshi; Imamura, Hiroshi; Hanaoka, Masayuki title: Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report date: 2020-05-31 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101113 sha: doc_id: 291244 cord_uid: o4isx15k file: cache/cord-291371-9wadja0w.json key: cord-291371-9wadja0w authors: Zimmerman, R. K.; Nowalk, M. P.; Bear, T.; Taber, R.; Sax, T. M.; Eng, H.; Balasubramani, G. K. title: Proposed Clinical Indicators for Efficient Screening and Testing for COVID-19 Infection from Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Analysis date: 2020-05-14 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20097980 sha: doc_id: 291371 cord_uid: 9wadja0w file: cache/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.json key: cord-291414-kyi8tfqd authors: Machado, Renato Assis; de Souza, Natália Lins; Oliveira, Rayane Maria; Martelli Júnior, Hercílio; Bonan, Paulo Rogério Ferreti title: Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-04-10 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104685 sha: doc_id: 291414 cord_uid: kyi8tfqd file: cache/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.json key: cord-291443-ff80mr2a authors: AlMutlak, Mohammed; Li, Jennifer Y.; Bin Helayel, Halah; Fairaq, Rafah title: Future of Corneal Donation and Transplantation: Insights From COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 journal: Cornea DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002538 sha: doc_id: 291443 cord_uid: ff80mr2a file: cache/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.json key: cord-291501-9dhldjjp authors: Sarraf, David; Sarraf, Danielle Rachel; Sadda, SriniVas title: Is virtual existence our new reality? date: 2020-05-25 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04750-4 sha: doc_id: 291501 cord_uid: 9dhldjjp file: cache/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.json key: cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.009 sha: doc_id: 291585 cord_uid: a6y8k1a5 file: cache/cord-291476-c2i14ili.json key: cord-291476-c2i14ili authors: Coe, William H.; Millard, Hun title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Inpatient Psychiatry Resident Supervision date: 2020-10-26 journal: Acad Psychiatry DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01343-5 sha: doc_id: 291476 cord_uid: c2i14ili file: cache/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.json key: cord-291483-ni6toh8c authors: Kermani-Alghoraishi, Mohammad; Ghahramani, Rahil title: A Review of Venous Thromboembolism Phenomena in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-28 journal: Curr Probl Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100692 sha: doc_id: 291483 cord_uid: ni6toh8c file: cache/cord-291387-04inonzh.json key: cord-291387-04inonzh authors: Deering, Thomas F.; Albert, Christine M.; Heidbuchel, Hein; Leclercq, Christophe; Lau, Chu-Pak; Ngarmukos, Tachapong; Russo, Andrea M.; Saenz, Luis title: COllaboration is a Valuable International/Interdisciplinary Directive for Electrophysiology Progress: NOvel & Tangible Important Lessons Learned COVID-EP: NOT ILL Digital health lessons learned from the COVID experience can improve arrhythmic outcomes date: 2020-08-31 journal: Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 291387 cord_uid: 04inonzh file: cache/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.json key: cord-291366-d5d9l0xr authors: Eirale, Cristiano; Bisciotti, Giannicola; Corsini, Alessandro; Baudot, Christophe; Saillant, Gerard; Chalabi, Hakim title: Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application date: 2020-04-10 journal: Biol Sport DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.94348 sha: doc_id: 291366 cord_uid: d5d9l0xr file: cache/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.json key: cord-291505-vt5vpp60 authors: Rusconi, Chiara; Cassanello, Giulio; Guidetti, Anna; Oltolini, Chiara; Marasco, Vincenzo; Morabito, Lucio; Della Porta, Matteo; Lanocita, Rodolfo; Papagni, Gabriele; Carniti, Cristiana; Corradini, Paolo title: SARS-CoV-2 Interstitial Pneumonia Treated With Tocilizumab in a Patient Affected by Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma date: 2020-09-01 journal: Hemasphere DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000472 sha: doc_id: 291505 cord_uid: vt5vpp60 file: cache/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.json key: cord-291555-zapdk7gs authors: Bertomeu-González, Vicente; Pombo, Marta; Chimeno, Javier; Lillo, Isabel M.; Cano, Óscar title: Estimulación cardiaca tras pandemia de la COVID-19. Propuesta de desescalada de la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología date: 2020-05-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.rccl.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 291555 cord_uid: zapdk7gs file: cache/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.json key: cord-291526-aau0hnwx authors: Ge, Fenfen; Zhang, Di; Wu, Lianhai; Mu, Hongwei title: Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning date: 2020-09-17 journal: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s262004 sha: doc_id: 291526 cord_uid: aau0hnwx file: cache/cord-291595-8241pjpe.json key: cord-291595-8241pjpe authors: Mahmudpour, Mehdi; Roozbeh, Jamshid; Keshavarz, Mohsen; Farrokhi, Shokrollah; Nabipour, Iraj title: COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation date: 2020-05-30 journal: Cytokine DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151 sha: doc_id: 291595 cord_uid: 8241pjpe file: cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.json key: cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 authors: Riechelmann, Rachel P; Peixoto, Renata D’Alpino; Fernandes, Gustavo Dos Santos; Weschenfelder, Rui F; Prolla, Gabriel; Filho, Duílio Rocha; Andrade, Aline Chaves; Crosara, Marcela; Rego, Juliana Florinda M; Gansl, Rene C; Coimbra, Felipe; Aguiar, Samuel; Carvalho, Elisângela; Hoff, Paulo M; Coutinho, Anelisa K title: Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date: 2020-05-22 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1048 sha: doc_id: 291697 cord_uid: wpnq9wc0 file: cache/cord-291397-look6ddt.json key: cord-291397-look6ddt authors: Roberto, Palumbo; Francesco, Londrino; Emanuela, Cordova; Giorgia, Gambardella; Pasquale, Niscola; Sara, Dominijanni title: Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype? date: 2020-09-28 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02510-0 sha: doc_id: 291397 cord_uid: look6ddt file: cache/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.json key: cord-291624-fod0eyuj authors: Malone, Robert W.; Tisdall, Philip; Fremont-Smith, Philip; Liu, Yongfeng; Huang, Xi-Ping; White, Kris M.; Miorin, Lisa; Olmo, Elena Moreno Del; Alon, Assaf; Delaforge, Elise; Hennecker, Christopher D.; Wang, Guanyu; Pottel, Joshua; Bona, Robert; Smith, Nora; Hall, Julie M.; Shapiro, Gideon; Clark, Howard; Mittermaier, Anthony; Kruse, Andrew C.; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Roth, Bryan L.; Glasspool-Malone, Jill; Francone, Victor; Hertzog, Norbert; Fremont-Smith, Maurice; Ricke, Darrell O. title: COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms date: 2020-06-22 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-30934/v2 sha: doc_id: 291624 cord_uid: fod0eyuj file: cache/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.json key: cord-291627-5dqwyd9r authors: Yadav, Rakhee; Aggarwal, Sandeep; Singh, Archna title: SARS-CoV-2-host dynamics: Increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity date: 2020-07-21 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.030 sha: doc_id: 291627 cord_uid: 5dqwyd9r file: cache/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.json key: cord-291638-oatrjbo3 authors: Kang, Dayun; Choi, Hyunho; Kim, Jong-Hun; Choi, Jungsoon title: Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-04-03 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.076 sha: doc_id: 291638 cord_uid: oatrjbo3 file: cache/cord-291644-5y0ioety.json key: cord-291644-5y0ioety authors: Akiyama, Tomohiro; Hirata, Takamichi; Fujimoto, Takahiro; Hatakeyama, Shinnosuke; Yamazaki, Ryuhei; Nomura, Tomohiro title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-08-29 journal: Nanomaterials (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/nano10091699 sha: doc_id: 291644 cord_uid: 5y0ioety file: cache/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.json key: cord-291686-kgewmqg5 authors: Patel, Surendra; Kaushik, Atul; Sharma, Alok Kumar title: Prioritizing cardiovascular surgical care in COVID‐19 pandemic: Shall we operate or defer? date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14864 sha: doc_id: 291686 cord_uid: kgewmqg5 file: cache/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.json key: cord-291687-kwu0otpi authors: Judson, Gregory L.; Kelemen, Benjamin W.; Njoroge, Joyce N.; Mahadevan, Vaikom S. title: Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-13 journal: Cardiol Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00184-5 sha: doc_id: 291687 cord_uid: kwu0otpi file: cache/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.json key: cord-291581-oyhzot4z authors: Malik, Fazila-Tun-Nesa; Ishraquzzaman, Mir; Kalimuddin, Md; Choudhury, Sohel; Ahmed, Nazir; Badiuzzaman, Mohammad; Ahmed, Mir N; Banik, Dhiman; Huq, Tawfiq S; Al Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah title: Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of Healthcare Personnel With COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-08-24 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10004 sha: doc_id: 291581 cord_uid: oyhzot4z file: cache/cord-291661-hn1z0817.json key: cord-291661-hn1z0817 authors: Wood, David A.; Sathananthan, Janarthanan; Gin, Ken; Mansour, Samer; Ly, Hung Q.; Quraishi, Ata-ur-Rehman; Lavoie, Andrea; Lutchmedial, Sohrab; Nosair, Mohamed; Bagai, Akshay; Bainey, Kevin R.; Boone, Robert H.; Liu, Shuangbo; Krahn, Andrew; Virani, Sean; Mehta, Shamir R.; Natarajan, Madhu K.; Velianou, James L.; Dehghani, Payam; Wijeysundera, Harindra C.; Asgar, Anita W.; Virani, Alice; Welsh, Robert C.; Webb, John G.; Cohen, Eric A. title: Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-03-24 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.027 sha: doc_id: 291661 cord_uid: hn1z0817 file: cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.json key: cord-291417-p49ukyhx authors: Mikulska, Malgorzata; Nicolini, Laura Ambra; Signori, Alessio; Di Biagio, Antonio; Sepulcri, Chiara; Russo, Chiara; Dettori, Silvia; Berruti, Marco; Sormani, Maria Pia; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Vena, Antonio; De Maria, Andrea; Dentone, Chiara; Taramasso, Lucia; Mirabella, Michele; Magnasco, Laura; Mora, Sara; Delfino, Emanuele; Toscanini, Federica; Balletto, Elisa; Alessandrini, Anna Ida; Baldi, Federico; Briano, Federica; Camera, Marco; Dodi, Ferdinando; Ferrazin, Antonio; Labate, Laura; Mazzarello, Giovanni; Pincino, Rachele; Portunato, Federica; Tutino, Stefania; Barisione, Emanuela; Bruzzone, Bianca; Orsi, Andrea; Schenone, Eva; Rosseti, Nirmala; Sasso, Elisabetta; Da Rin, Giorgio; Pelosi, Paolo; Beltramini, Sabrina; Giacomini, Mauro; Icardi, Giancarlo; Gratarola, Angelo; Bassetti, Matteo title: Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-20 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237831 sha: doc_id: 291417 cord_uid: p49ukyhx file: cache/cord-291566-jwlvustd.json key: cord-291566-jwlvustd authors: Wells Mulherin, Diana; Walker, Renee; Holcombe, Beverly; Guenter, Peggi title: ASPEN Report on Nutrition Support Practice Processes With COVID‐19: The First Response date: 2020-07-16 journal: Nutr Clin Pract DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10553 sha: doc_id: 291566 cord_uid: jwlvustd file: cache/cord-291745-2371k29o.json key: cord-291745-2371k29o authors: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-05-14 journal: Indian J Microbiol DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00882-7 sha: doc_id: 291745 cord_uid: 2371k29o file: cache/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.json key: cord-291588-tp89j1kk authors: Dorche, Maryam Sharifian; Huot, Philippe; Osherov, Micheal; Wen, Dingke; Saveriano, Alexander; Giacomini, Paul; Antel, Jack P.; Mowla, Ashkan title: Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117085 sha: doc_id: 291588 cord_uid: tp89j1kk file: cache/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.json key: cord-291735-b6dksrbx authors: Sukut, Ozge; Ayhan Balik, Cemile Hürrem title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness date: 2020-09-19 journal: Perspect Psychiatr Care DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12618 sha: doc_id: 291735 cord_uid: b6dksrbx file: cache/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.json key: cord-291719-1ku6cmwj authors: Hajjo, Rima; Tropsha, Alexander title: A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-10-06 journal: Pharm Res DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02930-9 sha: doc_id: 291719 cord_uid: 1ku6cmwj file: cache/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.json key: cord-291613-pfgy9ztl authors: Farshidpour, Maham; Kim, David; Junna, Shilpa; Merchant, Juanita title: A brief review of liver injury in patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 during the pandemic date: 2020-07-03 journal: Indian J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01068-1 sha: doc_id: 291613 cord_uid: pfgy9ztl file: cache/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.json key: cord-291724-bwiyp73e authors: Abdulmajeed, Kabir; Adeleke, Monsuru; Popoola, Labode title: ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA date: 2020-05-08 journal: Data Brief DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105683 sha: doc_id: 291724 cord_uid: bwiyp73e file: cache/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.json key: cord-291756-ejh1r8h4 authors: Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen; Molero Jurado, María del Mar; Martos Martínez, África; Gázquez Linares, Jose Jesús title: Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population date: 2020-06-25 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235305 sha: doc_id: 291756 cord_uid: ejh1r8h4 file: cache/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.json key: cord-291768-68xr2ycm authors: Bankole, Taofik Olatunji; Omoyeni, Olajide Bamidele; Oyebode, Abiodun Oluwaseun; Akintunde, David Olumide title: Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region: mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time? date: 2020-10-17 journal: Z Gesundh Wiss DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01394-w sha: doc_id: 291768 cord_uid: 68xr2ycm file: cache/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.json key: cord-291773-m65bhfzt authors: Helton, Gabrielle; Wolfe, Joanne; Snaman, Jennifer M. title: “Definitely Mixed Feelings:” The effect of COVID-19 on bereavement in parents of children who died from cancer date: 2020-09-02 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.035 sha: doc_id: 291773 cord_uid: m65bhfzt file: cache/cord-291851-xesef17i.json key: cord-291851-xesef17i authors: Wong, Yu-Jun; Tan, Malcolm; Zheng, Qishi; Li, Weiquan; Kumar, Rahul; Fock, Kwong-Ming; Teo, Eng-Kiong; Ang, Tiing-Leong title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 associated liver injury date: 2020-08-31 journal: Ann Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.064 sha: doc_id: 291851 cord_uid: xesef17i file: cache/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.json key: cord-291862-8c48m5hf authors: Rahi, Manju; Das, Payal; Sharma, Amit title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mitigation Steps Provide a Blueprint for Malaria Control and Elimination date: 2020-05-07 journal: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0394 sha: doc_id: 291862 cord_uid: 8c48m5hf file: cache/cord-291709-x9llke60.json key: cord-291709-x9llke60 authors: Lin, Yulan; Alias, Haridah; Luo, Xiao; Hu, Zhijian; Wong, Li Ping title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown date: 2020-09-22 journal: Psychosomatics DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 291709 cord_uid: x9llke60 file: cache/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.json key: cord-291612-j7xz1qaz authors: Albahri, O.S.; Zaidan, A.A.; Albahri, A.S.; Zaidan, B.B.; Abdulkareem, K.H.; Al-qaysi, Z.T.; Alamoodi, A.H.; Aleesa, A.M.; Chyad, M.A.; Alesa, R.M.; Kim, L.C.; Lakulu, M.M.; Ibrahim, A.B.; Rashid, N.A. title: Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.028 sha: doc_id: 291612 cord_uid: j7xz1qaz file: cache/cord-291954-wormplcu.json key: cord-291954-wormplcu authors: Sakulkonkij, Parichart; Bruminhent, Jackrapong; Pankongngam, Charan; Chalermphunchai, Nipon title: A family cluster of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) kidney transplant recipient in Thailand date: 2020-08-08 journal: Immun Inflamm Dis DOI: 10.1002/iid3.337 sha: doc_id: 291954 cord_uid: wormplcu file: cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.json key: cord-291886-phl8kh3f authors: Anthi, Anastasia; Konstantonis, Dimitrios; Theodorakopoulou, Maria; Apostolopoulou, Olympia; Karampela, Irene; Konstantopoulou, Georgia; Patsilinakou, Stavroula; Armaganidis, Apostolos; Dimopoulos, George title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.926915 sha: doc_id: 291886 cord_uid: phl8kh3f file: cache/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.json key: cord-291849-cjeyz86e authors: Baidal, Jennifer Woo; Wang, Amanda Y.; Zumwalt, Katarina; Gary, Dahsan; Greenberg, Yael; Cormack, Ben; Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie; Nichols, Kelsey; Pasco, Neil; Nieto, Andres; Ancker, Jessica S.; Goldsmith, Jeff; Meyer, Dodi title: Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Among Patients in New York City date: 2020-09-15 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-70959/v1 sha: doc_id: 291849 cord_uid: cjeyz86e file: cache/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.json key: cord-291829-lyg6i2wv authors: Alcázar-Navarrete, Bernardino; Molina-París, Jesús; Martín-Sánchez, Francisco Javier title: Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() date: 2020-09-06 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 291829 cord_uid: lyg6i2wv file: cache/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.json key: cord-291803-hsnz2qry authors: Bhattacharjee, Barnali; Acharya, Tathagata title: “The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health in USA – A Review with Some Coping Strategies” date: 2020-08-23 journal: Psychiatr Q DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09836-0 sha: doc_id: 291803 cord_uid: hsnz2qry file: cache/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.json key: cord-292056-dtdyxhq4 authors: Ghogawala, Zoher; Kurpad, Shekar; Falavigna, Asdrubal; Groff, Michael W.; Sciubba, Daniel M.; Wu, Jau-Ching; Park, Paul; Berven, Sigurd; Hoh, Daniel J.; Bisson, Erica F.; Steinmetz, Michael P.; Wang, Marjorie C.; Chou, Dean; Sansur, Charles A.; Smith, Justin S.; Tumialán, Luis M. title: Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery date: 2020-04-17 journal: J Neurosurg Spine DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.spine20468 sha: doc_id: 292056 cord_uid: dtdyxhq4 file: cache/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.json key: cord-292015-pfvgpf7v authors: Brouwer, A. F.; Myers, J. L.; Martin, E. T.; Konopka, K. E.; Lauring, A. S.; Eisenberg, M. C.; Lephart, P. R.; Nguyen, T.; Jaworski, A.; Schmidt, C. J. title: SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in decedents in a large, urban medical examiner's office date: 2020-08-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.03.20162883 sha: doc_id: 292015 cord_uid: pfvgpf7v file: cache/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.json key: cord-292030-cjz4nuag authors: Qiu, Guangyu; Gai, Zhibo; Tao, Yile; Schmitt, Jean; Kullak-Ublick, Gerd A.; Wang, Jing title: Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection date: 2020-04-13 journal: ACS Nano DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02439 sha: doc_id: 292030 cord_uid: cjz4nuag file: cache/cord-292041-a65kfw80.json key: cord-292041-a65kfw80 authors: Orienti, Isabella; Gentilomi, Giovanna Angela; Farruggia, Giovanna title: Pulmonary Delivery of Fenretinide: A Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113812 sha: doc_id: 292041 cord_uid: a65kfw80 file: cache/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.json key: cord-291809-b7sosrc7 authors: Iacovoni, Attilio; Boffini, Massimo; Pidello, Stefano; Simonato, Erika; Barbero, Cristina; Sebastiani, Roberta; Vittori, Claudia; Fontana, Alessandra; Terzi, Amedeo; De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria; Rinaldi, Mauro title: A case series of Novel-Coronavirus infection in heart transplantation from two centers in the pandemic area in the North of Italy date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.016 sha: doc_id: 291809 cord_uid: b7sosrc7 file: cache/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.json key: cord-292100-3ls0po4k authors: Krishna, Sanjeev; Augustin, Yolanda; Wang, Jigang; Xu, Chengchao; Staines, Henry M.; Platteeuw, Hans; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; Sall, Amadou; Kremsner, Peter title: Repurposing antimalarials to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 journal: Trends Parasitol DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.003 sha: doc_id: 292100 cord_uid: 3ls0po4k file: cache/cord-292173-95t89yee.json key: cord-292173-95t89yee authors: Villani, Federico Alcide; Aiuto, Riccardo; Paglia, Luigi; Re, Dino title: COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review date: 2020-06-26 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124609 sha: doc_id: 292173 cord_uid: 95t89yee file: cache/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.json key: cord-292002-g0v0xc21 authors: Yang, Wenjing; Sirajuddin, Arlene; Zhang, Xiaochun; Liu, Guanshu; Teng, Zhongzhao; Zhao, Shihua; Lu, Minjie title: The role of imaging in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-15 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06827-4 sha: doc_id: 292002 cord_uid: g0v0xc21 file: cache/cord-291770-xqp4labe.json key: cord-291770-xqp4labe authors: Attwood, Sophie; Hajat, Cother title: How will the COVID-19 pandemic shape the future of meat consumption? date: 2020-08-12 journal: Public health nutrition DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000316x sha: doc_id: 291770 cord_uid: xqp4labe file: cache/cord-292054-x0saq938.json key: cord-292054-x0saq938 authors: Hashizume, Misato title: Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-05 journal: Inflamm Regen DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00134-7 sha: doc_id: 292054 cord_uid: x0saq938 file: cache/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.json key: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx authors: Hozhabri, Hossein; Piceci Sparascio, Francesca; Sohrabi, Hamidreza; Mousavifar, Leila; Roy, René; Scribano, Daniela; De Luca, Alessandro; Ambrosi, Cecilia; Sarshar, Meysam title: The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165648 sha: doc_id: 291916 cord_uid: 5yqc3zcx file: cache/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.json key: cord-292144-jprbp1ua authors: Song, Haitao; Li, Feng; Jia, Zhongwei; Jin, Zhen; Liu, Shengqiang title: Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-04 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 sha: doc_id: 292144 cord_uid: jprbp1ua file: cache/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.json key: cord-291820-x4a4c4pv authors: Nogueira, Marcelo Saito title: Ultraviolet-based biophotonic technologies for control and prevention of COVID-19, SARS and related disorders date: 2020-06-22 journal: Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101890 sha: doc_id: 291820 cord_uid: x4a4c4pv file: cache/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.json key: cord-292234-8o4kfhe1 authors: Cox, Louis Anthony; Popken, Douglas A. title: Should air pollution health effects assumptions be tested? Fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality as an example date: 2020-09-02 journal: Glob Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100033 sha: doc_id: 292234 cord_uid: 8o4kfhe1 file: cache/cord-292296-nocmabcg.json key: cord-292296-nocmabcg authors: Shang, L.; Xu, J.; Cao, B. title: Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance date: 2020-05-01 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.038 sha: doc_id: 292296 cord_uid: nocmabcg file: cache/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.json key: cord-292235-ckm89lnm authors: Kummer, Benjamin R.; Klang, Eyal; Stein, Laura K.; Dhamoon, Mandip S.; Jetté, Nathalie title: History of Stroke Is Independently Associated With In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030685 sha: doc_id: 292235 cord_uid: ckm89lnm file: cache/cord-292260-4zw08scs.json key: cord-292260-4zw08scs authors: Mohamed-Hussein, A.; Galal, I.; Saad, M.; Zayan, H. E.; Abdelsayed, M.; Moustafa, M.; Ezzat, A. R.; Helmy, R.; Abd Elaal, H.; Aly, K.; Abderheem, S. title: Post-COVID-19 Functional Status: Relation to age, smoking, hospitalization and comorbidities date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182618 sha: doc_id: 292260 cord_uid: 4zw08scs file: cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.json key: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul authors: Guillamet, C. V.; Guillamet, R. V.; Kramer, A. A.; Maurer, P. M.; Menke, G. A.; Hill, C. L.; Knaus, W. A. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066860 sha: doc_id: 292273 cord_uid: xu9pb9ul file: cache/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.json key: cord-292312-cwrqorn1 authors: Sales, M. J. T.; Kerr, L. S.; Brizolara, R. V.; Barreto, I. C. d. H. C.; Almeida, R. L. F.; Goes, P.; Andrade, L. O. M. d.; Torres, L.; Pinto, F. K. A.; Pinheiro-Junior, F. M. L.; Leite, R. V.; Abreu, A. C. A. F. C. d.; Theophilo, R. L.; Magalhaes, F. R.; Silva, S. L. d.; Kendall, C. title: Fernando de Noronha: how an island controlled the community transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20216010 sha: doc_id: 292312 cord_uid: cwrqorn1 file: cache/cord-292195-k07io2qo.json key: cord-292195-k07io2qo authors: Staib, Andrew; Small, Niall title: Emergency Medicine’s COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve date: 2020-06-02 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13566 sha: doc_id: 292195 cord_uid: k07io2qo file: cache/cord-292295-57copxdc.json key: cord-292295-57copxdc authors: Grigoletto, Isis; Cavalheri, Vinicius; Lima, Fabiano F. de; Ramos, Ercy Mara Cipulo title: Recovery after COVID-19: The potential role of pulmonary rehabilitation date: 2020-07-19 journal: Braz J Phys Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 292295 cord_uid: 57copxdc file: cache/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.json key: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q authors: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe; Pengpid, Supa; Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura; Van, Thang Vo; Ahmed, Mohammed; Ditekemena, John; Crespo, Bernardo Vega; Wanyenze, Rhoda K; Dula, Janeth; Watanabe, Takashi; Delgado-Ratto, Christopher; Driessche, Koen Vanden; Van den Bergh, Rafael; Colebunders, Robert title: Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-17 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.015 sha: doc_id: 292201 cord_uid: e7k7gn9q file: cache/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.json key: cord-292372-kn27ghlv authors: de Chaisemartin, Clément; de Chaisemartin, Luc title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-08-23 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1223 sha: doc_id: 292372 cord_uid: kn27ghlv file: cache/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.json key: cord-292274-upwn9o2m authors: Ghaffari, Abdi; Meurant, Robyn; Ardakani, Ali title: COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform? date: 2020-07-04 journal: Diagnostics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070453 sha: doc_id: 292274 cord_uid: upwn9o2m file: cache/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.json key: cord-292331-j3dk6h68 authors: Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho; Milito, Miguel Angelo; Marchiori, Edson title: COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil date: 2020-04-22 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0147-2020 sha: doc_id: 292331 cord_uid: j3dk6h68 file: cache/cord-292345-zc209dfx.json key: cord-292345-zc209dfx authors: Carroll, Elizabeth; Lewis, Ariane title: Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-00993-5 sha: doc_id: 292345 cord_uid: zc209dfx file: cache/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.json key: cord-292180-sjmeyhan authors: Guzman-Prado, Yuli title: Retraction of studies on potential drug therapies for COVID-19: A call for reliability and scientific integrity date: 2020-06-30 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.061 sha: doc_id: 292180 cord_uid: sjmeyhan file: cache/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.json key: cord-292396-8w06oc5i authors: Leger, Thomas; Jacquier, Alexis; Barral, Pierre-Antoine; Castelli, Maxime; Finance, Julie; Lagier, Jean-Christophe; Million, Matthieu; Parola, Philippe; Brouqui, Philippe; Raoult, Didier; Bartoli, Axel; Gaubert, Jean-Yves; Habert, Paul title: Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score date: 2020-11-03 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241407 sha: doc_id: 292396 cord_uid: 8w06oc5i file: cache/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.json key: cord-292156-chmyzmq0 authors: Battiato, Concetto; Berdini, Massimo; Luciani, Pierfrancesco; Gigante, Antonio title: Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the epidemiology of orthopedics trauma in a region of central Italy date: 2020-10-02 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.044 sha: doc_id: 292156 cord_uid: chmyzmq0 file: cache/cord-292417-hauq93v2.json key: cord-292417-hauq93v2 authors: Xue, Mingshan; Zhang, Teng; Hu, Haisheng; Huang, Zhifeng; Zhen, Yingjie; Liang, Yueting; Zeng, Yifeng; Jin, Tengchuan; Zhou, Luqian; Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas; Sun, Baoqing title: Predictive effects of IgA and IgG combination to assess pulmonary exudation progression in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26437 sha: doc_id: 292417 cord_uid: hauq93v2 file: cache/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.json key: cord-292407-7xjw1lsb authors: Gil, Holly; Finn, Ryan M.; Raukar, Neha P. title: 48-year-old with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-07 journal: Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.4.47648 sha: doc_id: 292407 cord_uid: 7xjw1lsb file: cache/cord-292423-jupcit75.json key: cord-292423-jupcit75 authors: Narkhede, Rohan R.; Pise, Ashwini V.; Cheke, Rameshwar S.; Shinde, Sachin D. title: Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences date: 2020-06-17 journal: Nat Prod Bioprospect DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00253-1 sha: doc_id: 292423 cord_uid: jupcit75 file: cache/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.json key: cord-292386-hfbgigj6 authors: Borges, Lysandro Pinto; Martins, Aline Fagundes; de Melo, Mônica Santos; de Oliveira, Makson Gleydson Brito; Neto, José Melquiades de Rezende; Dósea, Marcos Barbosa; Cabral, Bruna Cecília Maia; Menezes, Rafael Fontes; Santos, Aryanne Araujo; Matos, Igor Leonardo Santos; Borges, Pamela Chaves; dos Santos, Kezia Alves; Ribeiro, Anderson Alves; Menendez, Andres Ignacio Martinez; Serafini, Mairim Russo; Walker, Cristiani Banderó; Quintans Junior, Lucindo José; Araújo, Adriano Antunes de Souza; de Souza, Daniela Raguer Valadão title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil date: 2020-10-06 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.108 sha: doc_id: 292386 cord_uid: hfbgigj6 file: cache/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.json key: cord-292341-uo54ghf3 authors: Cocconcelli, Elisabetta; Biondini, Davide; Giraudo, Chiara; Lococo, Sara; Bernardinello, Nicol; Fichera, Giulia; Barbiero, Giulio; Castelli, Gioele; Cavinato, Silvia; Ferrari, Anna; Saetta, Marina; Cattelan, Annamaria; Spagnolo, Paolo; Balestro, Elisabetta title: Clinical Features and Chest Imaging as Predictors of Intensity of Care in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092990 sha: doc_id: 292341 cord_uid: uo54ghf3 file: cache/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.json key: cord-292347-d7xq7x5g authors: Carter, Linda J.; Garner, Linda V.; Smoot, Jeffrey W.; Li, Yingzhu; Zhou, Qiongqiong; Saveson, Catherine J.; Sasso, Janet M.; Gregg, Anne C.; Soares, Divya J.; Beskid, Tiffany R.; Jervey, Susan R.; Liu, Cynthia title: Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis date: 2020-04-30 journal: ACS Cent Sci DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00501 sha: doc_id: 292347 cord_uid: d7xq7x5g file: cache/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.json key: cord-292378-mz3cvc0p authors: Bone, A. E.; Finucane, A. M.; Leniz, J.; Higginson, I. J.; Sleeman, K. E. title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.07.20124693 sha: doc_id: 292378 cord_uid: mz3cvc0p file: cache/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.json key: cord-292350-cmrtg91a authors: Mondal, Samhati; Quintili, Ashley L.; Karamchandani, Kunal; Bose, Somnath title: Thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients: A brief narrative review date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00483-y sha: doc_id: 292350 cord_uid: cmrtg91a file: cache/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.json key: cord-292493-lx7zfgoi authors: Firstenberg, Michael S.; Libby, Matthew; Ochs, Michael; Hanna, Jennifer; Mangino, Julie E.; Forrester, Joseph title: Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation date: 2020-04-19 journal: Patient Saf Surg DOI: 10.1186/s13037-020-00243-9 sha: doc_id: 292493 cord_uid: lx7zfgoi file: cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.json key: cord-292490-djp9onk5 authors: Verma, V. R.; Saini, A.; Gandhi, S.; Dash, U.; Koya, D. M. S. F. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20100537 sha: doc_id: 292490 cord_uid: djp9onk5 file: cache/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.json key: cord-292501-2jv7xkfn authors: Jiang, Saiping; Wang, Rongrong; Li, Lu; Hong, Dongsheng; Ru, Renping; Rao, Yuefeng; Miao, Jing; Chen, Na; Wu, Xiuhua; Ye, Ziqi; Hu, Yunzhen; Xie, Minghua; Zuo, Minjuan; Lu, Xiaoyang; Qiu, Yunqing; Liang, Tingbo title: Liver Injury in Critically Ill and Non-critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-06-23 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00347 sha: doc_id: 292501 cord_uid: 2jv7xkfn file: cache/cord-292546-un0blb3w.json key: cord-292546-un0blb3w authors: Dandachi, Dima; Geiger, Grant; Montgomery, Mary W; Karmen-Tuohy, Savannah; Golzy, Mojgan; Antar, Annukka A R; Llibre, Josep M; Camazine, Maraya; Díaz-De Santiago, Alberto; Carlucci, Philip M; Zacharioudakis, Ioannis M; Rahimian, Joseph; Wanjalla, Celestine N; Slim, Jihad; Arinze, Folasade; Kratz, Ann Marie Porreca; Jones, Joyce L; Patel, Shital M; Kitchell, Ellen; Francis, Adero; Ray, Manoj; Koren, David E; Baddley, John W; Hill, Brannon; Sax, Paul E; Chow, Jeremy title: Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients with HIV and Coronavirus Disease-19 date: 2020-09-09 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1339 sha: doc_id: 292546 cord_uid: un0blb3w file: cache/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.json key: cord-292462-zbjig3pt authors: Backhaus, Andreas title: Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of COVID-19 Data and Statistics date: 2020-06-07 journal: Inter Econ DOI: 10.1007/s10272-020-0893-1 sha: doc_id: 292462 cord_uid: zbjig3pt file: cache/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.json key: cord-292519-dod8k0xa authors: Goldstein, Mark R; Poland, Gregory A; Graeber, Charles W title: Does apolipoprotein E genotype predict COVID-19 severity? date: 2020-04-27 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa142 sha: doc_id: 292519 cord_uid: dod8k0xa file: cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.json key: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 authors: Liu, Fenglin; Wang, Jie; Liu, Jiawen; Li, Yue; Liu, Dagong; Tong, Junliang; Li, Zhuoqun; Yu, Dan; Fan, Yifan; Bi, Xiaohui; Zhang, Xueting; Mo, Steven title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238280 sha: doc_id: 292537 cord_uid: 9ra4r6v6 file: cache/cord-292629-5kh46tks.json key: cord-292629-5kh46tks authors: Divala, Titus; Burke, Rachael M; Ndeketa, Latif; Corbett, Elizabeth L; MacPherson, Peter title: Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31056-4 sha: doc_id: 292629 cord_uid: 5kh46tks file: cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.json key: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 authors: Berardi, Giammauro; Colasanti, Marco; Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista; Del Basso, Celeste; Ferretti, Stefano; Laurenzi, Andrea; Guglielmo, Nicola; Meniconi, Roberto Luca; Antonini, Mario; D’Offizi, Gianpiero; Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 sha: doc_id: 292474 cord_uid: dmgd99d6 file: cache/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.json key: cord-292698-w7wrwj95 authors: Rothstein, Rachel; Olympia, Robert P. title: School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: The Approach to Maintaining Student Health and Wellness During COVID-19 School Closures date: 2020-06-25 journal: NASN Sch Nurse DOI: 10.1177/1942602x20935612 sha: doc_id: 292698 cord_uid: w7wrwj95 file: cache/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.json key: cord-292544-m7jyydf1 authors: Grau-Pujol, Berta; Camprubí, Daniel; Marti-Soler, Helena; Fernández-Pardos, Marc; Guinovart, Caterina; Muñoz, Jose title: Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for high-risk healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-29 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04621-7 sha: doc_id: 292544 cord_uid: m7jyydf1 file: cache/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.json key: cord-292620-t8ocqm6g authors: Somani, S.; Richter, F.; Fuster, V.; De Freitas, J.; Naik, N.; Sigel, K.; Mount Sinai Covid Informatics Center,; Boettinger, E. P.; Levin, M. A.; Fayad, Z.; Just, A. C.; Charney, A.; Zhao, S.; Glicksberg, B. S.; Lala, A.; Nadkarni, G. title: Characterization of Patients Who Return to Hospital Following Discharge from Hospitalization For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104604 sha: doc_id: 292620 cord_uid: t8ocqm6g file: cache/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.json key: cord-292751-tk1oggi9 authors: Hosseini, Elahe Seyed; Kashani, Narjes Riahi; Nikzad, Hossein; Azadbakht, Javid; Bafrani, Hassan Hassani; Kashani, Hamed Haddad title: The novel coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action, detection and recent therapeutic strategies date: 2020-09-24 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.011 sha: doc_id: 292751 cord_uid: tk1oggi9 file: cache/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.json key: cord-292826-lus0tqmi authors: Joseph, Tony; Civil, Ian title: Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal date: 2020-06-12 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.05.041 sha: doc_id: 292826 cord_uid: lus0tqmi file: cache/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.json key: cord-292878-wbfi0v2x authors: Merchant, Reshma A.; Chen, M. Z.; Ng, S. E.; Sandrasageran, S.; Wong, B. L. L. title: The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1387-3 sha: doc_id: 292878 cord_uid: wbfi0v2x file: cache/cord-292508-unoeicq0.json key: cord-292508-unoeicq0 authors: Teshome, Abinet; Glagn, Mustefa; Shegaze, Mulugeta; Tekabe, Beemnet; Getie, Asmare; Assefa, Genet; Getahun, Dinkalem; Kanko, Tesfaye; Getachew, Tamiru; Yenesew, Nuhamin; Temtmie, Zebene; Tolosie, Kabtamu title: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date: 2020-11-05 journal: Psychol Res Behav Manag DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s282822 sha: doc_id: 292508 cord_uid: unoeicq0 file: cache/cord-292666-6xer2cty.json key: cord-292666-6xer2cty authors: Mansab, F.; Bhatti, S.; Goyal, D. title: Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20084079 sha: doc_id: 292666 cord_uid: 6xer2cty file: cache/cord-292721-954nxptr.json key: cord-292721-954nxptr authors: Grey, Ian; Arora, Teresa; Thomas, Justin; Saneh, Ahmad; Tomhe, Pia; Habib, Rudy Abi title: The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-18 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452 sha: doc_id: 292721 cord_uid: 954nxptr file: cache/cord-292795-yc613g96.json key: cord-292795-yc613g96 authors: Hakeem, Abdul Rahman; Padmanaban, Hrishikesh; Karthikeyan, Srinath; Murugesan, Sivakumar; Menon, Jagadeesh; Shanmugam, Naresh; Jothimani, Dinesh; Reddy, Mettu Srinivas; Rela, Mohamed title: Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Clin Exp Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 292795 cord_uid: yc613g96 file: cache/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.json key: cord-292892-6gwnhkn4 authors: Liu, Bingwen; Li, Min; Zhou, Zhiguang; Guan, Xuan; Xiang, Yufei title: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Autoimmun DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452 sha: doc_id: 292892 cord_uid: 6gwnhkn4 file: cache/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.json key: cord-292898-6m97l2uz authors: Ríos-Silva, Mónica; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Mendoza-Cano, Oliver; Trujillo, Xóchitl; Huerta, Miguel title: COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-23 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020512 sha: doc_id: 292898 cord_uid: 6m97l2uz file: cache/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.json key: cord-292539-i10k2ld4 authors: Majidi, Hadi; Bani-Mostafavi, Elham-Sadat; Mardanshahi, Zahra; Godazandeh, Farnaz; Ghasemian, Roya; Heydari, Keyvan; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza title: High-resolution computed tomography finding in 552 patients with symptomatic COVID-19: first report from north of Iran date: 2020-07-13 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01819-9 sha: doc_id: 292539 cord_uid: i10k2ld4 file: cache/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.json key: cord-292997-xbomgwzx authors: Singh, Sandeep; Desai, Rupak; Gandhi, Zainab; Fong, Hee Kong; Doreswamy, Shriya; Desai, Virmitra; Chockalingam, Anand; Mehta, Puja K.; Sachdeva, Rajesh; Kumar, Gautam title: Takotsubo Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Published Cases date: 2020-10-06 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00557-w sha: doc_id: 292997 cord_uid: xbomgwzx file: cache/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.json key: cord-292551-n3gzgn6w authors: Pavarini, Gabriela; Lyreskog, David; Manku, Kiran; Musesengwa, Rosemary; Singh, Ilina title: Debate: Promoting capabilities for young people's agency in the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-13 journal: Child Adolesc Ment Health DOI: 10.1111/camh.12409 sha: doc_id: 292551 cord_uid: n3gzgn6w file: cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.json key: cord-292502-m76rne1l authors: Cheema, S.; Ameduri, M.; Abraham, A.; Doraiswamy, S.; Mamtani, R. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002216 sha: doc_id: 292502 cord_uid: m76rne1l file: cache/cord-292880-zegtr19k.json key: cord-292880-zegtr19k authors: Hu, Fuying; Yin, Gang; Chen, Youping; Song, Jiangqin; Ye, Maosong; Liu, Jie; Chen, Cuicui; Song, Yuanlin; Tang, Xinjun; Zhang, Yong title: Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Clin Respir J DOI: 10.1111/crj.13243 sha: doc_id: 292880 cord_uid: zegtr19k file: cache/cord-292894-p3099zpb.json key: cord-292894-p3099zpb authors: de Oliveira, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Rodrigues, Thiago Potrich; da Silva, Paulo Savoia Dias; Gomes, Andrea Cavalanti; Chammas, Maria Cristina title: Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19 date: 2020 journal: Radiol Bras DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0051 sha: doc_id: 292894 cord_uid: p3099zpb file: cache/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.json key: cord-292561-iy06b9h9 authors: Miesbach, Wolfgang; Makris, Michael title: COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation date: 2020-07-17 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620938149 sha: doc_id: 292561 cord_uid: iy06b9h9 file: cache/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.json key: cord-292988-q1yz9y8k authors: Zumla, Alimuddin; Wang, Fu-Sheng; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Petrosillo, Nicola; Agrati, Chiara; Azhar, Esam I; El-Kafrawy, Sherif A; Osman, Mohamed; Zitvogel, Laurence; Locatelli, Franco; Gorman, Ellen; O'Kane, Cecilia; Mcauley, Danny; Maeurer, Markus title: Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies date: 2020-05-17 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.040 sha: doc_id: 292988 cord_uid: q1yz9y8k file: cache/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.json key: cord-292952-z7ajsf2r authors: Wong, Anselm title: COVID‐19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison date: 2020-05-12 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13537 sha: doc_id: 292952 cord_uid: z7ajsf2r file: cache/cord-292792-goh51sya.json key: cord-292792-goh51sya authors: Pascual Gómez, Natalia F.; Lobo, Iván Monge; Cremades, Inmaculada Granero; Tejerina, Angels Figuerola; Rueda, Fernando Ramasco; Teleki, Andrés von Wernitz; Campos, Francisco Manuel Arrabal; de Benito, M. Ángeles Sanz title: Potenciales biomarcadores predictores de mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias date: 2020-07-13 journal: Rev Esp Quimioter DOI: 10.37201/req/060.2020 sha: doc_id: 292792 cord_uid: goh51sya file: cache/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.json key: cord-292835-zzc1a7id authors: Otoom, Mwaffaq; Otoum, Nesreen; Alzubaidi, Mohammad A.; Etoom, Yousef; Banihani, Rudaina title: An IoT-based Framework for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-08-15 journal: Biomed Signal Process Control DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102149 sha: doc_id: 292835 cord_uid: zzc1a7id file: cache/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.json key: cord-292912-ufcvecwo authors: Qiu, Ruijin; Wei, Xuxu; Zhao, Mengzhu; Zhong, Changming; Zhao, Chen; Hu, Jiayuan; Li, Min; Huang, Ya; Han, Songjie; He, Tianmai; Chen, Jing; Shang, Hongcai title: Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review date: 2020-03-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20031401 sha: doc_id: 292912 cord_uid: ufcvecwo file: cache/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.json key: cord-293127-c27qh5y7 authors: Monteleone, Pedro AA; Nakano, Mayra; Lazar, Victor; Gomes, Alecsandra P; de Martin, Hamilton; Bonetti, Tatiana CS title: A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments date: 2020 journal: JBRA Assist Reprod DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200030 sha: doc_id: 293127 cord_uid: c27qh5y7 file: cache/cord-292611-5os99sve.json key: cord-292611-5os99sve authors: Lopes, Renato D.; Fanaroff, Alexander C. title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: It Is Time for High-Quality Evidence date: 2020-10-20 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 292611 cord_uid: 5os99sve file: cache/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.json key: cord-292978-qfw1uqvp authors: Thakrar, Amit; Chui, Karen; Kapoor, Akhil; Hambidge, John title: Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001889 sha: doc_id: 292978 cord_uid: qfw1uqvp file: cache/cord-293086-6282sb6b.json key: cord-293086-6282sb6b authors: Liddell, Kathleen; Skopek, Jeffrey M; Palmer, Stephanie; Martin, Stevie; Anderson, Jennifer; Sagar, Andrew title: Who gets the ventilator? Important legal rights in a pandemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106332 sha: doc_id: 293086 cord_uid: 6282sb6b file: cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.json key: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv authors: Ashikalli, Louicia; Carroll, Will; Johnson, Christine title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 journal: Paediatr Child Health (Oxford) DOI: 10.1016/j.paed.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 292929 cord_uid: s8pnm9wv file: cache/cord-292987-e481oa2i.json key: cord-292987-e481oa2i authors: Repici, Alessandro; Pace, Fabio; Gabbiadini, Roberto; Colombo, Matteo; Hassan, Cesare; Dinelli, Marco; Maselli, Roberta; Spadaccini, Marco; Mutignani, Massimiliano; Gabbrielli, Armando; Signorelli, Clementina; Spada, Cristiano; Leoni, Piera; Fabbri, Carlo; Segato, Sergio; Gaffuri, Nicola; Mangiavillano, Benedetto; Radaelli, Franco; Salerno, Raffaele; Bargiggia, Stefano; Maroni, Luca; Benedetti, Antonio; Occhipinti, Pietro; De Grazia, Federico; Ferraris, Luca; Cengia, Gianpaolo; Greco, Salvatore; Alvisi, Costanza; Scarcelli, Antonella; De Luca, Luca; Cereatti, Fabrizio; Testoni, Pier Alberto; Mingotto, Roberto; Aragona, Giovanni; Manes, Gianpiero; Beretta, Paolo; Amvrosiadis, Georgios; Cennamo, Vincenzo; Lella, Fausto; Missale, Guido; Lagoussis, Pavlos; Triossi, Omero; Giovanardi, Mauro; De Roberto, Giuseppe; Cantù, Paolo; Buscarini, Elisabetta; Anderloni, Andrea; Carrara, Silvia; Fugazza, Alessandro; Galtieri, Piera Alessia; Pellegatta, Gaia; Antonelli, Giulio; Rösch, Thomas; Sharma, Prateek title: Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy date: 2020-04-10 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 292987 cord_uid: e481oa2i file: cache/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.json key: cord-293080-b4pxjrcj authors: Zhang, Chunyan; Zhou, Lei; Liu, Hao; Zhang, Sibing; Tian, Yaping; Huo, Junli; Li, Fei; Zhang, Yao; Wei, Bo; Xu, Dan; Hu, Jinwei; Wang, Jiayi; Cheng, Yuxuan; Shi, Wenjie; Xu, Xiuli; Zhou, Jianping; Sang, Peipei; Tan, Xudong; Wang, Weiwei; Zhang, Minjie; Wang, Bin; Zhou, Yujun; Zhang, Kan; He, Kunlun title: Establishing a high sensitivity detection method for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and developing a clinical application of this method date: 2020-09-18 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1811161 sha: doc_id: 293080 cord_uid: b4pxjrcj file: cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.json key: cord-293167-3bd3adip authors: Nepal, Gaurav; Rehrig, Jessica Holly; Shrestha, Gentle Sunder; Shing, Yow Ka; Yadav, Jayant Kumar; Ojha, Rajeev; Pokhrel, Gaurab; Tu, Zhi Lan; Huang, Dong Ya title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03121-z sha: doc_id: 293167 cord_uid: 3bd3adip file: cache/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.json key: cord-293174-4ucqudn4 authors: Sun, Ziheng; Di, Liping; Sprigg, William; Tong, Daniel; Casal, Mariana title: Community venue exposure risk estimator for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-29 journal: Health Place DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102450 sha: doc_id: 293174 cord_uid: 4ucqudn4 file: cache/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.json key: cord-293145-b1rxh4bd authors: Nouhjah, Sedigheh; Jahanfar, Shayesteh title: Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report date: 2020-05-19 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 293145 cord_uid: b1rxh4bd file: cache/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.json key: cord-293117-hkkbqorv authors: Hernández-García, Ignacio; Giménez-Júlvez, Teresa title: Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134671 sha: doc_id: 293117 cord_uid: hkkbqorv file: cache/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.json key: cord-293140-lp3l4iap authors: Ghislandi, S.; Muttarak, R.; Sauerberg, M.; Scotti, B. title: News from the front: Excess mortality and life expectancy in two major epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084335 sha: doc_id: 293140 cord_uid: lp3l4iap file: cache/cord-293073-fu45h109.json key: cord-293073-fu45h109 authors: Okano, Hideyuki; Seino, Ken-ichiro title: Steps towards COVID-19 suppression date: 2020-06-22 journal: Inflamm Regen DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00120-z sha: doc_id: 293073 cord_uid: fu45h109 file: cache/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.json key: cord-293285-w8c3ma8l authors: Lanza, F; Seghatchian, J title: Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients date: 2020-05-14 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16814 sha: doc_id: 293285 cord_uid: w8c3ma8l file: cache/cord-293154-vudycqos.json key: cord-293154-vudycqos authors: Sinha, Sanjai; Kern, Lisa M.; Gingras, Laura F.; Reshetnyak, Evgeniya; Tung, Judy; Pelzman, Fred; McGrath, Thomas A.; Sterling, Madeline R. title: Implementation of Video Visits During COVID-19: Lessons Learned From a Primary Care Practice in New York City date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00514 sha: doc_id: 293154 cord_uid: vudycqos file: cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.json key: cord-293315-kx4x2g24 authors: Colmenero, I.; Santonja, C.; Alonso‐Riaño, M.; Noguera‐Morel, L.; Hernández‐Martín, A.; Andina, D.; Wiesner, T.; Rodríguez‐Peralto, J.L.; Requena, L.; Torrelo, A. title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date: 2020-06-20 journal: Br J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19327 sha: doc_id: 293315 cord_uid: kx4x2g24 file: cache/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.json key: cord-293136-lfwqzf8m authors: Escosa‐García, Luis; Aguilera‐Alonso, David; Calvo, Cristina; Mellado, María José; Baquero‐Artigao, Fernando title: Ten key points about COVID‐19 in children: the shadows on the wall date: 2020-08-13 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25025 sha: doc_id: 293136 cord_uid: lfwqzf8m file: cache/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.json key: cord-293059-2iwzieqm authors: Tao, Huaqiang; Ge, Gaoran; Li, Wenming; Liang, Xiaolong; Wang, Hongzhi; Li, Ning; Sun, Houyi; Zhang, Wei; Geng, Dechun title: Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-06 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110332 sha: doc_id: 293059 cord_uid: 2iwzieqm file: cache/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.json key: cord-293360-nmttgxlq authors: García, Leidy Y.; Cerda, Arcadio A. title: Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: A multifactorial consideration date: 2020-11-10 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.026 sha: doc_id: 293360 cord_uid: nmttgxlq file: cache/cord-293166-gkzebyda.json key: cord-293166-gkzebyda authors: Hoz, Samer S.; Al-Sharshahi, Zahraa F.; Dolachee, Ali A.; Matti, Wamedh E. title: Letter to the Editor: “Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq” date: 2020-11-03 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.060 sha: doc_id: 293166 cord_uid: gkzebyda file: cache/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.json key: cord-293440-qoo2t1wt authors: Wilkinson, Tom; Dixon, Rupert; Page, Clive; Carroll, Miles; Griffiths, Gareth; Ho, Ling-Pei; De Soyza, Anthony; Felton, Timothy; Lewis, Keir E.; Phekoo, Karen; Chalmers, James D.; Gordon, Anthony; McGarvey, Lorcan; Doherty, Jillian; Read, Robert C.; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Martinez-Alier, Nuria; O’Kelly, Michael; Duncan, Graeme; Walles, Roelize; Sykes, James; Summers, Charlotte; Singh, Dave title: ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-31 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04584-9 sha: doc_id: 293440 cord_uid: qoo2t1wt file: cache/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.json key: cord-293186-yxpkqbey authors: Mamo, Yitagesu; Asefa, Adane; Qanche, Qaro; Dhuguma, Tadesse; Wolde, Asrat; Nigussie, Tadesse title: Perception Toward Quarantine for COVID-19 Among Adult Residents of Selected Towns in Southwest Ethiopia date: 2020-10-30 journal: Int J Gen Med DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s277273 sha: doc_id: 293186 cord_uid: yxpkqbey file: cache/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.json key: cord-293367-0fe62h2f authors: Henderson, Lauren A.; Canna, Scott W.; Friedman, Kevin G.; Gorelik, Mark; Lapidus, Sivia K.; Bassiri, Hamid; Behrens, Edward M.; Ferris, Anne; Kernan, Kate F.; Schulert, Grant S.; Seo, Philip; F. Son, Mary Beth; Tremoulet, Adriana H.; Yeung, Rae S.M.; Mudano, Amy S.; Turner, Amy S.; Karp, David R.; Mehta, Jay J. title: American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. Version 1 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Arthritis Rheumatol DOI: 10.1002/art.41454 sha: doc_id: 293367 cord_uid: 0fe62h2f file: cache/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.json key: cord-293259-o51fnvuw authors: Sinaei, Reza; Pezeshki, Sara; Parvaresh, Saeedeh; Sinaei, Roya title: Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review date: 2020-09-25 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00392-y sha: doc_id: 293259 cord_uid: o51fnvuw file: cache/cord-293522-gg706q8s.json key: cord-293522-gg706q8s authors: Toumi, Mondher; Aballea, Samuel title: Commentary on “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial” by Gautret et al date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Mark Access Health Policy DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1758390 sha: doc_id: 293522 cord_uid: gg706q8s file: cache/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.json key: cord-293535-9bj5ev1a authors: Wang, Yushu; Ao, Guangyu; Qi, Xin; Zeng, Jian title: The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-23 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.040 sha: doc_id: 293535 cord_uid: 9bj5ev1a file: cache/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.json key: cord-293333-mqoml9o5 authors: Scharbarg, Emeric; Moog, Claude H.; Mauduit, Nicolas; Califano, Claudia title: From the hospital scale to nationwide: observability and identification of models for the COVID-19 epidemic waves date: 2020-10-03 journal: Annu Rev Control DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 293333 cord_uid: mqoml9o5 file: cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.json key: cord-293055-8scoocvx authors: Deressa, W.; Worku, A.; Abebe, W.; Gizaw, M.; Amogne, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 sha: doc_id: 293055 cord_uid: 8scoocvx file: cache/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.json key: cord-293359-6iw7dnz6 authors: Wang, Laureen Yi-Ting; Ng, Gavin Yeow Ping title: COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report date: 2020-06-30 journal: Eur Heart J Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa171 sha: doc_id: 293359 cord_uid: 6iw7dnz6 file: cache/cord-293557-jcgc93it.json key: cord-293557-jcgc93it authors: Recalde, Borja; García-Tobar, Laura; Argueta, Alan; Álvarez, Laura; De Andrea, Carlos Eduardo; Fernández Alonso, Mirian; Ezponda, Ana; Carmona Torre, Francisco; Jordán Iborra, Carlota; Quiroga, Jorge Augusto; Del Pozo, Jose Luis; Zulueta, Javier J; Echarri, Gema; Landecho, Manuel F; Lozano, Maria Dolores title: Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients date: 2020-08-23 journal: Thorax DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215577 sha: doc_id: 293557 cord_uid: jcgc93it file: cache/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.json key: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p authors: Zhang, Li; Ma, Min; Li, Danfeng; Xin, Ziqiang title: The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat date: 2020-10-27 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8 sha: doc_id: 293427 cord_uid: hwkmvo4p file: cache/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.json key: cord-293575-h3wc7j4v authors: Adrish, Muhammad; Chilimuri, Sridhar; Mantri, Nikhitha; Sun, Haozhe; Zahid, Maleeha; Gongati, Sudharsan; Fortuzi, Ked; Jog, Abhishrut Pramod; Purmessur, Pravish; Singhal, Ravish title: Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 journal: BMJ Open Respir Res DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000716 sha: doc_id: 293575 cord_uid: h3wc7j4v file: cache/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.json key: cord-293559-c78wcr8m authors: Rego, Gabriel N. A.; Nucci, Mariana P.; Alves, Arielly H.; Oliveira, Fernando A.; Marti, Luciana C.; Nucci, Leopoldo P.; Mamani, Javier B.; Gamarra, Lionel F. title: Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-25 journal: Vaccines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030474 sha: doc_id: 293559 cord_uid: c78wcr8m file: cache/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.json key: cord-293481-bmfj50fb authors: Malin, Jakob J.; Suárez, Isabelle; Priesner, Vanessa; Fätkenheuer, Gerd; Rybniker, Jan title: Remdesivir against COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases date: 2020-10-14 journal: Clin Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00162-20 sha: doc_id: 293481 cord_uid: bmfj50fb file: cache/cord-293547-29i3u83s.json key: cord-293547-29i3u83s authors: Pfaar, O; Klimek, L; Jutel, M; Akdis, CA; Bousquet, J; Breiteneder, H; Chinthrajah, S; Diamant, Z; Eiwegger, T; Fokkens, WJ; Fritsch, HW; Nadeau, KC; O’Hehir, RE; O’Mahony, L; Rief, W; Sampath, V; Schedlowski, M; Torres, M; Traidl‐Hoffmann, C; Wang, DY; Zhang, L; Bonini, M; Brehler, R; Brough, HA; Chivato, T; Del Giacco, S; Dramburg, S; Gawlik, R; Gelincik, A; Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, K; Hox, V; Knol, E; Lauerma, A; Matricardi, PM; Mortz, CG; Ollert, M; Palomares, O; Riggioni, C; Schwarze, J; Skypala, I; Untersmayr, S; Walusiak‐Skorupa, J; Ansotegui, I; Bachert, C; Bedbrook, A; Bosnic‐Anticevich, S; Brussino, L; Canonica, GW; Cardona, V; Carreiro‐Martins, P; Cruz, AA; Czarlewski, W; Fonseca, JA; Gotua, M; Haatela, T; Ivancevich, JC; Kuna, P; Kvedariene, V; Larenas‐Linnemann, D; Latiff, A; Morais‐Almeida, M; Mullol, J; Naclerio, R; Ohta, K; Okamoto, Y; Onorato, GL; Papadopoulos, NG; Patella, V; Regateiro, FS; Samolinski, B; Suppli Ulrik, C; Toppila‐Salmi, S; Valiulis, A; Ventura, MT; Yorgancioglu, A; Zuberbier, T; Agache, I title: COVID‐19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic – an EAACI/ARIA Position Paper date: 2020-06-12 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14453 sha: doc_id: 293547 cord_uid: 29i3u83s file: cache/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.json key: cord-293570-gh6ykmea authors: Gupta, Rajib K.; Bhargava, Ramya; Shaukat, Al-Aman; Albert, Emily; Leggat, John title: Spectrum of podocytopathies in new-onset nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 disease: a report of 2 cases date: 2020-08-04 journal: BMC Nephrol DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01970-y sha: doc_id: 293570 cord_uid: gh6ykmea file: cache/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.json key: cord-293630-zc8huo1j authors: Capone, Alessandro title: Simultaneous circulation of COVID-19 and flu in Italy: potential combined effects on the risk of death? date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.077 sha: doc_id: 293630 cord_uid: zc8huo1j file: cache/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.json key: cord-293690-pxiv0m7n authors: Scala, Raffaele; Renda, Teresa; Corrado, Antonio; Vaghi, Adriano title: Italian pulmonologist units and COVID-19 outbreak: “mind the gap”! date: 2020-06-29 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03087-y sha: doc_id: 293690 cord_uid: pxiv0m7n file: cache/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.json key: cord-293655-2ab7wdsk authors: Mandic-Rajcevic, S.; Masci, F.; Crespi, E.; Franchetti, S.; Longo, A.; Bollina, I.; Veloci, S.; Amorosi, A.; Baldelli, R.; Boselli, L.; Negroni, L.; Za, A.; Orfeo, N. V.; Ortisi, G.; Colosio, C. title: Contact tracing and isolation of asymptomatic spreaders to successfully control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers in Milan (Italy) date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20082818 sha: doc_id: 293655 cord_uid: 2ab7wdsk file: cache/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.json key: cord-293609-wymqvwjt authors: Price, Alex title: Online Gambling in the Midst of COVID-19: A Nexus of Mental Health Concerns, Substance Use and Financial Stress date: 2020-07-13 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1 sha: doc_id: 293609 cord_uid: wymqvwjt file: cache/cord-293639-k96erjf1.json key: cord-293639-k96erjf1 authors: Mugnai, Giacomo; Paolini, Carla; Bilato, Claudio title: Thoughts on Scientific Evidence in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-24 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.213 sha: doc_id: 293639 cord_uid: k96erjf1 file: cache/cord-293500-z28bws23.json key: cord-293500-z28bws23 authors: Guan, Wei-jie; Liang, Wen-hua; He, Jian-xing; Zhong, Nan-shan title: Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01227-2020 sha: doc_id: 293500 cord_uid: z28bws23 file: cache/cord-293503-e7be12qb.json key: cord-293503-e7be12qb authors: Xiang, Chao; Lu, Ji; Zhou, Jun; Guan, Li; Yang, Cheng; Chai, Changzhu title: CT Findings in a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia at Initial Presentation date: 2020-08-15 journal: Biomed Res Int DOI: 10.1155/2020/5436025 sha: doc_id: 293503 cord_uid: e7be12qb file: cache/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.json key: cord-293692-t5rfvyvj authors: Kazi, Sajida; Malinowski, A. Kinga; Othman, Maha title: The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies date: 2020-05-16 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.023 sha: doc_id: 293692 cord_uid: t5rfvyvj file: cache/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.json key: cord-293736-nyvwv31m authors: Méry, Geoffroy; Epaulard, Olivier; Borel, Anne-Laure; Toussaint, Bertrand; Le Gouellec, Audrey title: COVID-19: Underlying Adipokine Storm and Angiotensin 1-7 Umbrella date: 2020-07-21 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01714 sha: doc_id: 293736 cord_uid: nyvwv31m file: cache/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.json key: cord-293634-4rryqbnu authors: Rosen, Kelsey; Patel, Monika; Lawrence, Cecelia; Mooney, Brianne title: Delivering Telerehabilitation to COVID-19 Inpatients:A Retrospective Chart Review Suggests It Is a Viable Option date: 2020-07-16 journal: HSS J DOI: 10.1007/s11420-020-09774-4 sha: doc_id: 293634 cord_uid: 4rryqbnu file: cache/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.json key: cord-293704-tnik6sd3 authors: Tey, Jeremy; Ho, Shaun; Choo, Bok Ai; Ho, Francis; Yap, Swee Peng; Tuan, Jeffrey K.L.; Leong, Cheng Nang; Cheo, Timothy; Sommat, Kiattisa; Wang, Michael L.C. title: Navigating the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives from the radiation oncology service in singapore date: 2020-03-31 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.030 sha: doc_id: 293704 cord_uid: tnik6sd3 file: cache/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.json key: cord-293717-j4w6mq0f authors: Meza, Herbert Tejada; Lambea Gil, Álvaro; Saldaña, Agustín Sancho; Martínez-Zabaleta, Maite; Juez, Patricia de la Riva; Martínez, Elena López-Cancio; Apilánez, María Castañón; Isasi, María Herrera; Enguita, Juan Marta; Alfonso, Mercedes de Lera; Arenillas, Juan F; Olaizola, Jon Segurola; Fernández, Juan José Timiraos; Sánchez, Joaquín; Castellanos-Rodrigo, Mar; Roel, Alexia; Menéndez, Ignacio Casado; Freijo, Mar; Rodriguez, Alain Luna; Portilla, Enrique Palacio; López, Yésica Jiménez; Castro, Emilio Rodríguez; Rivas, Susana Arias; García, Javier Tejada; Rodríguez, Iria Beltrán; Julián-Villaverde, Francisco; García, Maria Pilar Moreno; Trejo-Gabriel-Galán, José María; Iñiguez, Ana Echavarría; Juste, Carlos Tejero; Lázaro, Cristina Pérez; Moreno, Javier Marta; on behalf of the NORDICTUS Investigators, title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain date: 2020-06-26 journal: Int J Stroke DOI: 10.1177/1747493020938301 sha: doc_id: 293717 cord_uid: j4w6mq0f file: cache/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.json key: cord-293701-u4ntxo0y authors: Su, Shan; Du, Lanying; Jiang, Shibo title: Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines date: 2020-10-16 journal: Nat Rev Microbiol DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00462-y sha: doc_id: 293701 cord_uid: u4ntxo0y file: cache/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.json key: cord-293740-4c3yemi3 authors: Ferrando, Carlos; Suarez-Sipmann, Fernando; Mellado-Artigas, Ricard; Hernández, María; Gea, Alfredo; Arruti, Egoitz; Aldecoa, César; Martínez-Pallí, Graciela; Martínez-González, Miguel A.; Slutsky, Arthur S.; Villar, Jesús title: Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS date: 2020-07-29 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06192-2 sha: doc_id: 293740 cord_uid: 4c3yemi3 file: cache/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.json key: cord-293749-5i3ei9pn authors: Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Wangdi, Kinley; Clements, Archie C A title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control: An Overview date: 2020-07-24 journal: Trop Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030123 sha: doc_id: 293749 cord_uid: 5i3ei9pn file: cache/cord-293711-qgefn164.json key: cord-293711-qgefn164 authors: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman; Goldust, Mohamad; Vestita, Michelangelo title: Comment on “COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action” date: 2020-04-16 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13360 sha: doc_id: 293711 cord_uid: qgefn164 file: cache/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.json key: cord-293730-dlqo6fep authors: Caratozzolo, Salvatore; Zucchelli, Alberto; Turla, Marinella; Cotelli, Maria Sofia; Fascendini, Sara; Zanni, Mara; Bianchetti, Angelo; Psy, Matteo Peli; Rozzini, Renzo; Boffelli, Stefano; Cappuccio, Melania; Psy, Federica Gottardi; Psy, Chiara Vecchi; Bellandi, Daniele; Caminati, Claudia; Gentile, Simona; Psy, Elena Lucchi; Di Fazio, Ignazio; Psy, Marina Zanetti; Vezzadini, Giuliana; Psy, Chiara Forlani; Psy, Maura Cosseddu; Psy, Rosanna Turrone; Psy, Silvia Pelizzari; Scalvini, Andrea; Di Cesare, Marco; Psy, Marta Grigolo; Falanga, Lina; Medici, Nives; Palamini, Nives; Psy, Elisa Zanacchi; Psy, Eleonora Grossi; Bellelli, Giuseppe; Marengoni, Alessandra; Trabucchi, Marco; Padovani, Alessandro title: The impact of COVID-19 on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia in East Lombardy, Italy: results from COVIDEM network date: 2020-09-12 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01676-z sha: doc_id: 293730 cord_uid: dlqo6fep file: cache/cord-293816-f86oo734.json key: cord-293816-f86oo734 authors: Hughes, H.; Macken, M.; Butler, J.; Synnott, K. title: Uncomfortably numb: suicide and the psychological undercurrent of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.49 sha: doc_id: 293816 cord_uid: f86oo734 file: cache/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.json key: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7 authors: Manoj, M.G.; Satheesh Kumar, M.K.; Valsaraj, K.T.; Sivan, C.; Vijayan, Soumya K. title: Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas date: 2020-08-01 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110001 sha: doc_id: 293732 cord_uid: rxd1lyi7 file: cache/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.json key: cord-293921-hj8oecmk authors: Halayem, Soumeyya; Sayari, Nawel; Cherif, Wissal; Cheour, Mejda; Damak, Rahma title: How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? Perceived stress and coping strategies date: 2020-06-27 journal: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13097 sha: doc_id: 293921 cord_uid: hj8oecmk file: cache/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.json key: cord-293737-yaz13ikp authors: Palaiodimos, L.; Kokkinidis, D. G.; Li, W.; Karamanis, D.; Ognibene, J.; Arora, S.; Southern, W. N.; Mantzoros, C. S. title: Severe obesity is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patientswith COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-05-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091983 sha: doc_id: 293737 cord_uid: yaz13ikp file: cache/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.json key: cord-293942-n5ypkftc authors: Takoi, Hiroyuki; Togashi, Yuki; Fujimori, Daiki; Kaizuka, Haruki; Otsuki, Shunsuke; Wada, Takuya; Takeuchi, Yoshikazu; Abe, Shinji title: Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1450 sha: doc_id: 293942 cord_uid: n5ypkftc file: cache/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.json key: cord-293787-kpn0hb8t authors: Arulprakash, Enoch; Aruldoss, Martin title: A Study on Fight Against COVID-19 from Latest Technological Intervention date: 2020-08-19 journal: SN COMPUT DOI: 10.1007/s42979-020-00301-0 sha: doc_id: 293787 cord_uid: kpn0hb8t file: cache/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.json key: cord-294064-vdpak3fm authors: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih; Dhahri, Adeel Abbas; Mustafa Darwish, Nourelhuda Mohammed; Vijay, Vardhini title: Single centre concept of ‘cold site’ elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study date: 2020-10-06 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.047 sha: doc_id: 294064 cord_uid: vdpak3fm file: cache/cord-293838-avri3xuc.json key: cord-293838-avri3xuc authors: Lippi, Giuseppe; Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Henry, Brandon Michael title: Association between environmental pollution and prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075986 sha: doc_id: 293838 cord_uid: avri3xuc file: cache/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.json key: cord-293964-hz5uow2b authors: Hermann, Matthias; Pekacka-Egli, Anna-Maria; Witassek, Fabienne; Baumgaertner, Reiner; Schoendorf, Sabine; Spielmanns, Marc title: Feasibility and Efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation following COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 journal: Am J Phys Med Rehabil DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001549 sha: doc_id: 293964 cord_uid: hz5uow2b file: cache/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.json key: cord-293922-knzv4jvj authors: Zuo, Y.; Warnock, M.; Harbaugh, A.; Yalavarthi, S.; Gockman, K.; Zuo, M.; Madison, J. A.; Knight, J. S.; Kanthi, Y.; Lawrence, D. A. title: Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-02 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184358 sha: doc_id: 293922 cord_uid: knzv4jvj file: cache/cord-293986-skp6tiun.json key: cord-293986-skp6tiun authors: Millard, Hun; Wilson, Cynthia; Fortunati, Frank; Li, Luming title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings date: 2020-07-24 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113324 sha: doc_id: 293986 cord_uid: skp6tiun file: cache/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.json key: cord-293860-6kz0iws6 authors: Qutayba Almerie, Muhammad; Daniel Kerrigan, David title: The Association between Obesity and Poor Outcome after COVID-19 Indicates a Potential Therapeutic Role for Montelukast date: 2020-05-27 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109883 sha: doc_id: 293860 cord_uid: 6kz0iws6 file: cache/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.json key: cord-293997-4wjf1znf authors: Asai, Nobuhiro; Sakanashi, Daisuke; Nakamura, Akiko; Kishino, Takaaki; Kato, Hideo; Hagihara, Mao; Shiota, Arufumi; Koizumi, Yusuke; Yamagishi, Yuka; Mikamo, Hiroshige title: Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.011 sha: doc_id: 293997 cord_uid: 4wjf1znf file: cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.json key: cord-294118-tm2kesum authors: Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros; D’Angelo, Sarah Mendes; Farias, Luis Arthur Brasil Gadelha; Almeida, Magda Moura; Gomes, Ricristhi Gonçalves; Pinto, Geovana Praça; Cavalcante, Josafa Nascimento; Feijão, Levi Ximenes; Cardoso, Ana Rita Paulo; Lima, Thaisy Brasil Ricarte; Linhares, Pâmela Maria Costa; Mello, Liana Perdigão; Coelho, Tania Mara; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes title: Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date: 2020-07-03 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0354-2020 sha: doc_id: 294118 cord_uid: tm2kesum file: cache/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.json key: cord-294180-t5bncpo4 authors: Neto, Leônidas Oliveira; Tavares, Vagner Deuel de Oliveira; Galvão-Coelho, Nicole Leite; Schuch, Felipe Barreto; Lima, Kenio Costa title: Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload date: 2020-06-26 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00354 sha: doc_id: 294180 cord_uid: t5bncpo4 file: cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.json key: cord-293822-axr9qu58 authors: Rolland, John S. title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date: 2020-07-17 journal: Fam Process DOI: 10.1111/famp.12584 sha: doc_id: 293822 cord_uid: axr9qu58 file: cache/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.json key: cord-294094-ndahvsz7 authors: McQueen, Sydney A.; Hammond Mobilio, Melanie A.; Moulton, Carol-anne E. title: The Person Behind the Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 journal: Ann Surg Open DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000004 sha: doc_id: 294094 cord_uid: ndahvsz7 file: cache/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.json key: cord-294023-knaxr7t0 authors: Murri, Rita; Segala, Francesco Vladimiro; Del Vecchio, Pierluigi; Cingolani, Antonella; Taddei, Eleonora; Micheli, Giulia; Fantoni, Massimo title: Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy date: 2020-09-03 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238414 sha: doc_id: 294023 cord_uid: knaxr7t0 file: cache/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.json key: cord-294057-fbox3a5q authors: Schlegl, Sandra; Meule, Adrian; Favreau, Matthias; Voderholzer, Ulrich title: Bulimia nervosa in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of former inpatients date: 2020-08-07 journal: Eur Eat Disord Rev DOI: 10.1002/erv.2773 sha: doc_id: 294057 cord_uid: fbox3a5q file: cache/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.json key: cord-294184-jte9xx5e authors: Macleod, Jack; Mezher, Sermed; Hasan, Ragheb title: Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds? date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106446 sha: doc_id: 294184 cord_uid: jte9xx5e file: cache/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.json key: cord-294371-xot2oj2t authors: Citgez, Bulent; Yigit, Banu; Capkinoglu, Emir; Yetkin, Sitki Gurkan title: Management of Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul DOI: 10.14744/semb.2020.23326 sha: doc_id: 294371 cord_uid: xot2oj2t file: cache/cord-293852-r72c6584.json key: cord-293852-r72c6584 authors: Greco, S.; Madè, A.; Gaetano, C.; Devaux, Y.; Emanueli, C.; Martelli, F. title: Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02582-8 sha: doc_id: 293852 cord_uid: r72c6584 file: cache/cord-293967-t0216n2m.json key: cord-293967-t0216n2m authors: Moorthy, Arumugam; Dubey, Shirish; Samanta, Ash; Adebajo, Ade; Aggarwal, Amita; Jain, Avinash; Jain, Nibha; Lim, S. Sam; Kerr, Gail S.; Kumar, Kanta title: COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries date: 2020-05-30 journal: Int J Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13883 sha: doc_id: 293967 cord_uid: t0216n2m file: cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.json key: cord-294115-7t7kubf6 authors: Miralles, Oriol; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Dolores; Marco, Esther; Annweiler, Cédric; Baztan, Ainhoa; Betancor, Évora; Cambra, Alicia; Cesari, Matteo; Fontecha, Benito J.; Gąsowski, Jerzy; Gillain, Sophie; Hope, Suzy; Phillips, Katie; Piotrowicz, Karolina; Piro, Niccolò; Sacco, Guillaume; Saporiti, Edoardo; Surquin, Murielle; Vall-llosera, Estel title: Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date: 2020-10-15 journal: Eur Geriatr Med DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x sha: doc_id: 294115 cord_uid: 7t7kubf6 file: cache/cord-294139-78c5h7la.json key: cord-294139-78c5h7la authors: Yamakawa, Mai; Kuno, Toshiki; Mikami, Takahisa; Takagi, Hisato; Gronseth, Gary title: Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-29 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105288 sha: doc_id: 294139 cord_uid: 78c5h7la file: cache/cord-294333-6azdm42x.json key: cord-294333-6azdm42x authors: Wang, S; Xie, L; Xu, Y; Yu, S; Yao, B; Xiang, D title: Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date: 2020-05-06 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 sha: doc_id: 294333 cord_uid: 6azdm42x file: cache/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.json key: cord-294438-btuxeq7o authors: Peng, Ling; Zagorac, Sladjana; Stebbing, Justin title: Managing patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-30 journal: European Journal of Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.028 sha: doc_id: 294438 cord_uid: btuxeq7o file: cache/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.json key: cord-294136-e69ao8j0 authors: Han, Dongsheng; Li, Rui; Han, Yanxi; Zhang, Rui; Li, Jinming title: COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48991 sha: doc_id: 294136 cord_uid: e69ao8j0 file: cache/cord-294360-1oymweb0.json key: cord-294360-1oymweb0 authors: Mair, Frances S; Foster, Hamish ME; Nicholl, Barbara I title: Multimorbidity and the COVID-19 pandemic – An urgent call to action date: 2020-10-13 journal: J Comorb DOI: 10.1177/2235042x20961676 sha: doc_id: 294360 cord_uid: 1oymweb0 file: cache/cord-294336-fqobpo47.json key: cord-294336-fqobpo47 authors: Soy, Mehmet; Atagündüz, Pamir; Atagündüz, Işık; Sucak, Gülsan Türköz title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a review inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04636-y sha: doc_id: 294336 cord_uid: fqobpo47 file: cache/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.json key: cord-293990-h2o3v5gp authors: Schoenbrunner, Anna; Sarac, Benjamin; Gosman, Amanda; Janis, Jeffrey E. title: Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Craniofac Surg DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006565 sha: doc_id: 293990 cord_uid: h2o3v5gp file: cache/cord-294427-6eiligyy.json key: cord-294427-6eiligyy authors: Salimi, Ali; ElHawary, Hassan; Diab, Nermin; Smith, Lee title: The North American Layman's Understanding of COVID-19: Are We Doing Enough? date: 2020-07-03 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00358 sha: doc_id: 294427 cord_uid: 6eiligyy file: cache/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.json key: cord-294440-zd0arwmr authors: Sacco, Guillaume; Foucault, Gonzague; Briere, Olivier; Annweiler, Cédric title: COVID-19 in seniors: Findings and lessons from mass screening in a nursing home date: 2020-06-26 journal: Maturitas DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 294440 cord_uid: zd0arwmr file: cache/cord-294350-6veeygzp.json key: cord-294350-6veeygzp authors: Yu, Caizheng; Lei, Qing; Li, Wenkai; Wang, Xiong; Liu, Wei; Fan, Xionglin; Li, Wengang title: Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 294350 cord_uid: 6veeygzp file: cache/cord-294429-isivkz8b.json key: cord-294429-isivkz8b authors: Grifoni, Alba; Weiskopf, Daniela; Ramirez, Sydney I.; Mateus, Jose; Dan, Jennifer M.; Moderbacher, Carolyn Rydyznski; Rawlings, Stephen A.; Sutherland, Aaron; Premkumar, Lakshmanane; Jadi, Ramesh S.; Marrama, Daniel; de Silva, Aravinda M.; Frazier, April; Carlin, Aaron; Greenbaum, Jason A.; Peters, Bjoern; Krammer, Florian; Smith, Davey M.; Crotty, Shane; Sette, Alessandro title: Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals date: 2020-05-20 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 sha: doc_id: 294429 cord_uid: isivkz8b file: cache/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.json key: cord-293896-dz9lzlqq authors: Mian, Hira; Grant, Shakira J.; Engelhardt, Monika; Pawlyn, Charlotte; Bringhen, Sara; Zweegman, Sonja; Stege, Claudia A.M.; Rosko, Ashley E.; von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie; Wildes, Tanya M. title: Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma date: 2020-04-17 journal: J Geriatr Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 293896 cord_uid: dz9lzlqq file: cache/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.json key: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r authors: Dube, Taru; Ghosh, Amrito; Mishra, Jibanananda; Kompella, Uday B.; Panda, Jiban Jyoti title: Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector date: 2020-10-25 journal: Adv Ther (Weinh) DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000172 sha: doc_id: 294108 cord_uid: uvnh0s9r file: cache/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.json key: cord-294073-65h2mkdy authors: Ke, Jia; Lan, Nan; Wang, Ting; Wu, Jin-Jie; He, Zhen; He, Xiao-Sheng; Tao, Kai-Xiong; Qian, Qun; Zhou, Ping-Hong; Li, Guo-Xin; Zheng, Min-Hua; Zhang, Zhong-Tao; Ji, Jia-Fu; Lan, Ping title: Strategies and recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience shared by Chinese surgeons date: 2020-07-03 journal: Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa030 sha: doc_id: 294073 cord_uid: 65h2mkdy file: cache/cord-294159-721il1e2.json key: cord-294159-721il1e2 authors: Kumar, Kanta; Dubey, Shirish; Samanta, Ash; Bosworth, Ailsa; Moorthy, Arumugam title: COVID-19 and ethnicity: challenges in rheumatology date: 2020-06-17 journal: Rheumatology (Oxford) DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa329 sha: doc_id: 294159 cord_uid: 721il1e2 file: cache/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.json key: cord-294400-65lwy0dg authors: Cowan, Henry R. title: Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-04-04 journal: Schizophr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 294400 cord_uid: 65lwy0dg file: cache/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.json key: cord-294443-w6p3f5qc authors: Nadar, Sunil K.; Tayebjee, Muzahir H.; Stowasser, Michael; Byrd, James Brian title: Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Hum Hypertens DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0356-y sha: doc_id: 294443 cord_uid: w6p3f5qc file: cache/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.json key: cord-294242-amj0ohw3 authors: Li, Jia; Mazzone, Patrizio; Leung, Lisa; Lin, Weiqian; D'Angelo, Giuseppe; Ma, Jun; Li, Jin; Akhtar, Zaki; Li, Yuechun; Della Bella, Paolo E; Lin, Jiafeng; Gallagher, Mark M title: Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave. date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20044776 sha: doc_id: 294242 cord_uid: amj0ohw3 file: cache/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.json key: cord-294349-ps3qlho2 authors: Al-Sharif, Eman; Strianese, Diego; AlMadhi, Nada H.; D’Aponte, Antonella; dell’Omo, Roberto; Di Benedetto, Rita; Costagliola, Ciro title: Ocular tropism of coronavirus (CoVs): a comparison of the interaction between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye date: 2020-09-03 journal: Int Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01575-2 sha: doc_id: 294349 cord_uid: ps3qlho2 file: cache/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.json key: cord-294501-1nf98mpb authors: Bonafè, Massimiliano; Prattichizzo, Francesco; Giuliani, Angelica; Storci, Gianluca; Sabbatinelli, Jacopo; Olivieri, Fabiola title: Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes date: 2020-05-03 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 294501 cord_uid: 1nf98mpb file: cache/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.json key: cord-294517-tqpf95kk authors: Nimgaonkar, I.; Valeri, L.; Susser, E. S.; Hussain, S.; Sunderram, J.; Aviv, A. title: The Age Pattern of the Male- to- Female Ratio in Mortality from COVID-19 Mirrors that of Cardiovascular Disease but not Cancer in the General Population date: 2020-07-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20149013 sha: doc_id: 294517 cord_uid: tqpf95kk file: cache/cord-294304-9w6zt778.json key: cord-294304-9w6zt778 authors: Doanvo, Anhvinh; Qian, Xiaolu; Ramjee, Divya; Piontkivska, Helen; Desai, Angel; Majumder, Maimuna title: Machine Learning Maps Research Needs in COVID-19 Literature date: 2020-09-16 journal: Patterns (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100123 sha: doc_id: 294304 cord_uid: 9w6zt778 file: cache/cord-294537-wpq1492g.json key: cord-294537-wpq1492g authors: Ritschl, Paul V.; Nevermann, Nora; Wiering, Leke; Wu, Helen H.; Moroder, Philipp; Brandl, Andreas; Hillebrandt, Karl; Tacke, Frank; Friedersdorff, Frank; Schlomm, Thorsten; Schöning, Wenzel; Öllinger, Robert; Schmelzle, Moritz; Pratschke, Johann title: Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach date: 2020-05-10 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15933 sha: doc_id: 294537 cord_uid: wpq1492g file: cache/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.json key: cord-294555-6q7q8gse authors: Liang, Ting; Liu, Zhe; Wu, Carol C.; Jin, Chao; Zhao, Huifang; Wang, Yan; Wang, Zekun; Li, Fen; Zhou, Jie; Cai, Shubo; Liang, Yukun; Zhou, Heping; Wang, Xibin; Ren, Zhuanqin; Yang, Jian title: Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-15 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06823-8 sha: doc_id: 294555 cord_uid: 6q7q8gse file: cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.json key: cord-294557-4h0sybiy authors: Stogiannos, N.; Fotopoulos, D.; Woznitza, N.; Malamateniou, C. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date: 2020-06-04 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 294557 cord_uid: 4h0sybiy file: cache/cord-294190-s337jpbo.json key: cord-294190-s337jpbo authors: Rubinstein, Samuel; Steinharter, John A.; Warner, Jeremy; Rini, Brian I.; Peters, Solange; Choueiri, Toni K. title: The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19): a collaborative effort to understand the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer date: 2020-04-29 journal: Cancer Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 294190 cord_uid: s337jpbo file: cache/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.json key: cord-294422-hsqphc3t authors: Sandesh, Ram; Shahid, Wajeeha; Dev, Kapeel; Mandhan, Nikeeta; Shankar, Prem; Shaikh, Anam; Rizwan, Amber title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan date: 2020-07-02 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8974 sha: doc_id: 294422 cord_uid: hsqphc3t file: cache/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.json key: cord-294527-fct2y5vn authors: Guadarrama-Ortiz, Parménides; Choreño-Parra, José Alberto; Sánchez-Martínez, Claudia Marisol; Pacheco-Sánchez, Francisco Javier; Rodríguez-Nava, Alberto Iván; García-Quintero, Gabriela title: Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01039 sha: doc_id: 294527 cord_uid: fct2y5vn file: cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.json key: cord-294628-ecg13s7a authors: Chia, Ming Li; Him Chau, Dickson Hong; Lim, Kheng Sit; Yang Liu, Christopher Wei; Tan, Hiang Khoon; Tan, Yan Ru title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4746 sha: doc_id: 294628 cord_uid: ecg13s7a file: cache/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.json key: cord-294651-iy0h2pyf authors: Nasrallah, Ali A.; Farran, Sarah H.; Nasrallah, Zainab A.; Chahrour, Mohamad A.; Salhab, Hamza A.; Fares, Mohammad Y.; Khachfe, Hussein H.; Akl, Elie A. title: A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis date: 2020-06-08 journal: J Clin Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 294651 cord_uid: iy0h2pyf file: cache/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.json key: cord-294696-pm6pfeeb authors: Kunz, Y.; Horninger, W.; Pinggera, G.-M. title: Was sollte ein Urologe zu SARS-Cov-2 wissen? Risikoanalyse für urologische Operationen und Handlungsempfehlungen im klinischen Alltag date: 2020-10-13 journal: Urologe A DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01264-z sha: doc_id: 294696 cord_uid: pm6pfeeb file: cache/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.json key: cord-294571-qd0qjo3y authors: Rothan, Hussin A.; Acharya, Arpan; Reid, St Patrick; Kumar, Mukesh; Byrareddy, Siddappa N. title: Molecular Aspects of COVID-19 Differential Pathogenesis date: 2020-07-06 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070538 sha: doc_id: 294571 cord_uid: qd0qjo3y file: cache/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.json key: cord-294685-rhhx5gcg authors: Vasantha Raju, N. title: Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125518 sha: doc_id: 294685 cord_uid: rhhx5gcg file: cache/cord-294792-m6phbueb.json key: cord-294792-m6phbueb authors: Pascual-Prieto, Javier; Narváez-Palazón, Carlos; Porta-Etessam, Jesus; Gómez-de-Liaño, Rosario title: Epidemia covid-19: ¿debe el oftalmólogo estar alerta ante las paresias oculomotoras? date: 2020-05-23 journal: Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 294792 cord_uid: m6phbueb file: cache/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.json key: cord-294672-hcjxcn1n authors: Namineni, Srinivas; Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar title: Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Dent Anesth Pain Med DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.4.261 sha: doc_id: 294672 cord_uid: hcjxcn1n file: cache/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.json key: cord-294468-0v4grqa7 authors: Kasilingam, Dharun; Prabhakaran, S.P Sathiya; Dinesh Kumar, R; Rajagopal, Varthini; Santhosh Kumar, T; Soundararaj, Ajitha title: Exploring the Growth of COVID‐19 Cases using Exponential Modelling Across 42 Countries and Predicting Signs of Early Containment using Machine Learning date: 2020-08-04 journal: Transbound Emerg Dis DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13764 sha: doc_id: 294468 cord_uid: 0v4grqa7 file: cache/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.json key: cord-294768-bs6thjw2 authors: Alonso-Fernández, Alberto; Toledo-Pons, Nuria; Cosío, Borja G.; Millán, Aina; Calvo, Néstor; Ramón, Luisa; de Mendoza, Sara Hermoso; Morell-García, Daniel; Bauça-Rossello, Josep Miquel; Núñez, Belén; Pons, Jaume; Palmer, Juan A.; Martín, Luisa; Peñaranda, María; Pou, Joan A.; Sauleda, Jaume; Sala-Llinas, Ernest title: Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study date: 2020-08-25 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238216 sha: doc_id: 294768 cord_uid: bs6thjw2 file: cache/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.json key: cord-294579-qjga5nmd authors: Sornsa-ard, Tuanrit; Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon; Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat title: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-04-24 journal: Asian Spine J DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0183 sha: doc_id: 294579 cord_uid: qjga5nmd file: cache/cord-294586-95iwcocn.json key: cord-294586-95iwcocn authors: Kwuimy, C. A. K.; Nazari, Foad; Jiao, Xun; Rohani, Pejman; Nataraj, C. title: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action date: 2020-07-16 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05815-z sha: doc_id: 294586 cord_uid: 95iwcocn file: cache/cord-294831-pem059zk.json key: cord-294831-pem059zk authors: Zhang, Ling-Pu; Wang, Meixian; Wang, Yanping; Zhu, Jun; Zhang, Nannan title: Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-11 journal: Future microbiology DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0063 sha: doc_id: 294831 cord_uid: pem059zk file: cache/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.json key: cord-294788-9usyb1nn authors: Baek, Woong Kee; Sohn, Soo-Yeon; Mahgoub, Ahmed; Hage, Robert title: A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-05-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7943 sha: doc_id: 294788 cord_uid: 9usyb1nn file: cache/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.json key: cord-294810-mq9vjnro authors: Huang, Qiong; Deng, Xuanyu; Li, Yongzhong; Sun, Xuexiong; Chen, Qiong; Xie, Mingxuan; Liu, Shao; Qu, Hui; Liu, Shouxian; Wang, Ling; He, Gefei; Gong, Zhicheng title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date: 2020-05-14 journal: Int J Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2 sha: doc_id: 294810 cord_uid: mq9vjnro file: cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.json key: cord-294789-07hto8qn authors: Schoch-Spana, Monica; Brunson, Emily K.; Long, Rex; Ruth, Alexandra; Ravi, Sanjana J.; Trotochaud, Marc; Borio, Luciana; Brewer, Janesse; Buccina, Joseph; Connell, Nancy; Hall, Laura Lee; Kass, Nancy; Kirkland, Anna; Koonin, Lisa; Larson, Heidi; Lu, Brooke Fisher; Omer, Saad B.; Orenstein, Walter A.; Poland, Gregory A.; Privor-Dumm, Lois; Quinn, Sandra Crouse; Salmon, Daniel; White, Alexandre title: The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date: 2020-10-29 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.059 sha: doc_id: 294789 cord_uid: 07hto8qn file: cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.json key: cord-294624-d71za6hi authors: Kapepula, Paulin M.; Kabengele, Jimmy K.; Kingombe, Micheline; Van Bambeke, Françoise; Tulkens, Paul M.; Sadiki Kishabongo, Antoine; Decloedt, Eric; Zumla, Adam; Tiberi, Simon; Suleman, Fatima; Tshilolo, Léon; Muyembe-TamFum, Jean-Jacques; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B. title: Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date: 2020-07-23 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0820 sha: doc_id: 294624 cord_uid: d71za6hi file: cache/cord-294700-pb5k21da.json key: cord-294700-pb5k21da authors: Dulek, Daniel E; Fuhlbrigge, Robert C; Tribble, Alison C; Connelly, James A; Loi, Michele M; El Chebib, Hassan; Chandrakasan, Shanmuganathan; Otto, William R; Diorio, Caroline; Keim, Garrett; Walkovich, Kelly; Jaggi, Preeti; Girotto, Jennifer E; Yarbrough, April; Behrens, Edward M; Cron, Randy Q; Bassiri, Hamid title: Multidisciplinary Guidance Regarding the Use of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Acute COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa098 sha: doc_id: 294700 cord_uid: pb5k21da file: cache/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.json key: cord-294800-akr4f5p8 authors: Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Uddin, Md. Sahab; Hossain, Md. Farhad; Abdulhakim, Jawaher A.; Alam, Md. Asraful; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Bungau, Simona G.; Bin-Jumah, May N.; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Aleya, Lotfi title: nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Cell Dev Biol DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00616 sha: doc_id: 294800 cord_uid: akr4f5p8 file: cache/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.json key: cord-294871-bqw48zi5 authors: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo; Vaño-Galván, Sergio; McCoy, John; Pai, Suraj; Dhurat, Rachita; Goren, Andy title: Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign date: 2020-07-29 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.099 sha: doc_id: 294871 cord_uid: bqw48zi5 file: cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.json key: cord-294772-nma7w7of authors: de Oliveira Collet, Giulia; Campagnaro, Ricardo; Podadeiro de Andrade, Mariana; Pedro da Silva Lopes Salles, João; de Lourdes Calvo Fracasso, Marina; Lopes Salles Scheffel, Debora; Maria Salvatore Freitas, Karina; Cristina Santin, Gabriela title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date: 2020-09-15 journal: Child Youth Serv Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105469 sha: doc_id: 294772 cord_uid: nma7w7of file: cache/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.json key: cord-294912-xl0wzi16 authors: Alteri, Claudia; Cento, Valeria; Antonello, Maria; Colagrossi, Luna; Merli, Marco; Ughi, Nicola; Renica, Silvia; Matarazzo, Elisa; Di Ruscio, Federica; Tartaglione, Livia; Colombo, Jacopo; Grimaldi, Chiara; Carta, Stefania; Nava, Alice; Costabile, Valentino; Baiguera, Chiara; Campisi, Daniela; Fanti, Diana; Vismara, Chiara; Fumagalli, Roberto; Scaglione, Francesco; Epis, Oscar Massimiliano; Puoti, Massimo; Perno, Carlo Federico title: Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR in real-time PCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-08 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236311 sha: doc_id: 294912 cord_uid: xl0wzi16 file: cache/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.json key: cord-294854-rvrgcugn authors: Hu, Biying; Huang, Shaoying; Yin, Lianghong title: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26232 sha: doc_id: 294854 cord_uid: rvrgcugn file: cache/cord-294861-inlaz4od.json key: cord-294861-inlaz4od authors: Liu, Chen; Huang, Yuhan; Qin, Tianyu; Guo, Ensong; Wu, Peng; Sun, Chaoyang; Chen, Gang title: Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series date: 2020-09-15 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01606 sha: doc_id: 294861 cord_uid: inlaz4od file: cache/cord-294906-1m4h116m.json key: cord-294906-1m4h116m authors: Jarmoliński, Tomasz; Matkowska‐Kocjan, Agnieszka; Rosa, Monika; Olejnik, Igor; Gorczyńska, Ewa; Kałwak, Krzysztof; Ussowicz, Marek title: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report date: 2020-09-18 journal: Pediatr Transplant DOI: 10.1111/petr.13875 sha: doc_id: 294906 cord_uid: 1m4h116m file: cache/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.json key: cord-294840-yo7b2v3k authors: Milner, Adrienne; Franz, Berkeley; Henry Braddock, Jomills title: We Need to Talk About Racism—In All of Its Forms—To Understand COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-09-25 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0069 sha: doc_id: 294840 cord_uid: yo7b2v3k file: cache/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.json key: cord-294736-ji4jz3h6 authors: Beşler, Muhammed Said; Arslan, Halil title: Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() date: 2020-06-02 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.100 sha: doc_id: 294736 cord_uid: ji4jz3h6 file: cache/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.json key: cord-294900-pmrffqe3 authors: Arbel, Yuval; Fialkoff, Chaim; Kerner, Amichai; Kerner, Miryam title: Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Atten Disord DOI: 10.1177/1087054720959707 sha: doc_id: 294900 cord_uid: pmrffqe3 file: cache/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.json key: cord-294948-o8mn0w7y authors: Gathungu, D. K.; Ojiambo, V. N.; Kimathi, M. E. M.; Mwalili, S. M. title: Modeling the Effects of Non-PharmaceuticalInterventions on COVID-19 Spread in Kenya date: 2020-05-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102087 sha: doc_id: 294948 cord_uid: o8mn0w7y file: cache/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.json key: cord-294916-xc9ozxyn authors: Oehmen, Josef; Locatelli, Giorgio; Wied, Morten; Willumsen, Pelle title: Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date: 2020-07-31 journal: Industrial Marketing Management DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 294916 cord_uid: xc9ozxyn file: cache/cord-295066-76se8mxq.json key: cord-295066-76se8mxq authors: Botti, Fiorenzo; Mazza, Stefano; Costa, Stefano; Farina, Elisa; Baldari, Ludovica; Prati, Matteo title: URGENT SURGERY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN A HIGH INCIDENCE AREA - EXPERIENCE FROM A HIGH-VOLUME CENTRE date: 2020-08-31 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.039 sha: doc_id: 295066 cord_uid: 76se8mxq file: cache/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.json key: cord-294910-gnc04ax1 authors: Nogueira, Paulo Jorge; de Araújo Nobre, Miguel; Costa, Andreia; Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Furtado, Cristina; Bacelar Nicolau, Leonor; Camarinha, Catarina; Luís, Márcia; Abrantes, Ricardo; Vaz Carneiro, António title: The Role of Health Preconditions on COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal: Evidence from Surveillance Data of the First 20293 Infection Cases date: 2020-07-24 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082368 sha: doc_id: 294910 cord_uid: gnc04ax1 file: cache/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.json key: cord-294933-oc2glu4a authors: Cinesi Gómez, César; Peñuelas Rodríguez, Óscar; Luján Torné, Manel; Egea Santaolalla, Carlos; Masa Jiménez, Juan Fernando; García Fernández, Javier; Carratalá Perales, José Manuel; Heili-Frades, Sarah Béatrice; Ferrer Monreal, Miquel; de Andrés Nilsson, José M.; Lista Arias, Eva; Sánchez Rocamora, Juan Luis; Garrote, José Ignacio; Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J.; González Martínez, Mónica; Farrero Muñoz, Eva; Mediano San Andrés, Olga; Rialp Cervera, Gemma; Mas Serra, Arantxa; Hernández Martínez, Gonzalo; de Haro López, Candelaria; Roca Gas, Oriol; Ferrer Roca, Ricard; Romero Berrocal, Antonio; Ferrando Ortola, Carlos title: Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.03.002 sha: doc_id: 294933 cord_uid: oc2glu4a file: cache/cord-294958-4982wy81.json key: cord-294958-4982wy81 authors: Hunt, Madison; Koziatek, Christian title: A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom date: 2020-03-28 journal: Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349 sha: doc_id: 294958 cord_uid: 4982wy81 file: cache/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.json key: cord-294969-57xgqf2g authors: Green, Bart N.; Pence, Ti V.; Kwan, Lawrence; Rokicki-Parashar, Jesse title: Rapid Deployment of Chiropractic Telehealth at 2 Worksite Health Centers in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations from the Field date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Manipulative Physiol Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 294969 cord_uid: 57xgqf2g file: cache/cord-295041-5vpawtef.json key: cord-295041-5vpawtef authors: Jakhmola, Shweta; Indari, Omkar; Chatterjee, Sayantani; Jha, Hem Chandra title: SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date: 2020-09-28 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00522-7 sha: doc_id: 295041 cord_uid: 5vpawtef file: cache/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.json key: cord-294924-5u2tfyd0 authors: Ali, Nurshad title: Is SARS-CoV-2 associated with liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 294924 cord_uid: 5u2tfyd0 file: cache/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.json key: cord-294963-h68fy5sy authors: Al-Zaman, M. S. title: Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 literature date: 2020-07-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154989 sha: doc_id: 294963 cord_uid: h68fy5sy file: cache/cord-294966-3jolt83r.json key: cord-294966-3jolt83r authors: Joensen, L. E.; Madsen, K. P.; Holm, L.; Nielsen, K. A.; Rod, M. H.; Petersen, A. A.; Rod, N. H.; Willaing, I. title: Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries? date: 2020-05-29 journal: Diabet Med DOI: 10.1111/dme.14319 sha: doc_id: 294966 cord_uid: 3jolt83r file: cache/cord-295058-c88fq1de.json key: cord-295058-c88fq1de authors: Ardila, Alfredo; Lahiri, Durjoy title: Executive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-22 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.032 sha: doc_id: 295058 cord_uid: c88fq1de file: cache/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.json key: cord-295029-zki5ac2g authors: Pena, Robert C.F.; Khatri, Deepak; Kwan, Kevin; D'Amico, Randy S. title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Coronavirus Neurosurgical/Head and Neck Drape to Prevent Aerosolization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health Solution” date: 2020-11-03 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.116 sha: doc_id: 295029 cord_uid: zki5ac2g file: cache/cord-295082-z29567vc.json key: cord-295082-z29567vc authors: Belingheri, Michael; Paladino, Maria Emilia; Piacenti, Susanna; Riva, Michele Augusto title: Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date: 2020-07-11 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26253 sha: doc_id: 295082 cord_uid: z29567vc file: cache/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.json key: cord-295113-2c4o4hd6 authors: Enwemeka, Chukuka Samuel; Bumah, Violet Vakunseh; Masson-Meyers, Daniela Santos title: Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective date: 2020-05-01 journal: J Photochem Photobiol B DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111891 sha: doc_id: 295113 cord_uid: 2c4o4hd6 file: cache/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.json key: cord-295068-2q3ts04l authors: Liu, Yang; Gao, Weibo; Guo, Wei; Guo, Yang; Shi, Maojing; Dong, Guiying; Ge, Qinggang; Zhu, Jihong; Lu, Jin title: Prominent coagulation disorder is closely related to inflammatory response and could be as a prognostic indicator for ICU patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02174-9 sha: doc_id: 295068 cord_uid: 2q3ts04l file: cache/cord-295051-upyar7en.json key: cord-295051-upyar7en authors: Ahmadian, Elham; Hosseiniyan Khatibi, Seyed Mahdi; Razi Soofiyani, Saiedeh; Abediazar, Sima; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Ardalan, Mohammadreza; Zununi Vahed, Sepideh title: Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms date: 2020-10-06 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2176 sha: doc_id: 295051 cord_uid: upyar7en file: cache/cord-295107-67tts3oj.json key: cord-295107-67tts3oj authors: Ozturk, Ayperi; Sener, Melahat U.; Yılmaz, Aydın title: Bronchoscopic procedures during COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences in Turkey date: 2020-08-11 journal: J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1002/jso.26164 sha: doc_id: 295107 cord_uid: 67tts3oj file: cache/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.json key: cord-295237-kdwcnav6 authors: Shen, Cong; Yu, Nan; Cai, Shubo; Zhou, Jie; Sheng, Jiexin; Liu, Kang; Zhou, Heping; Guo, Youmin title: Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography date: 2020-09-19 journal: Journal of X-ray science and technology DOI: 10.3233/xst-200721 sha: doc_id: 295237 cord_uid: kdwcnav6 file: cache/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.json key: cord-295144-tyyc81uc authors: Stradner, Martin H.; Dejaco, Christian; Zwerina, Jochen; Fritsch-Stork, Ruth D. title: Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.562142 sha: doc_id: 295144 cord_uid: tyyc81uc file: cache/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.json key: cord-295126-lz2jbmcn authors: Toresdahl, Brett G.; Asif, Irfan M. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete date: 2020-04-06 journal: Sports Health DOI: 10.1177/1941738120918876 sha: doc_id: 295126 cord_uid: lz2jbmcn file: cache/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.json key: cord-295140-4gdlbc45 authors: Yu, Pey‐Jen; Cassiere, Hugh; DeRosa, Sarah; Bocchieri, Karl; Yar, Shiraz; Hartman, Alan title: Hypermetabolism and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1948 sha: doc_id: 295140 cord_uid: 4gdlbc45 file: cache/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.json key: cord-295142-5sqkdpi8 authors: Han, Y.; Jia, Z.; Shi, J.; Wang, W.; He, K. title: The active lung microbiota landscape of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20144014 sha: doc_id: 295142 cord_uid: 5sqkdpi8 file: cache/cord-295116-eo887olu.json key: cord-295116-eo887olu authors: Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy; Zhang, Lei title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() date: 2020-05-08 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109864 sha: doc_id: 295116 cord_uid: eo887olu file: cache/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.json key: cord-295145-ry4e2izd authors: Das, Pratik; Majumder, Ranabir; Mandal, Mahitosh; Basak, Piyali title: In-Silico approach for identification of effective and stable inhibitors for COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) from flavonoid based phytochemical constituents of Calendula officinalis date: 2020-07-24 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796799 sha: doc_id: 295145 cord_uid: ry4e2izd file: cache/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.json key: cord-295121-4xemmaqt authors: Ferreira, Eliane de Oliveira; Penna, Bruno; Yates, Edwin A. title: Should We Be Worried About Clostridioides difficile During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-29 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581343 sha: doc_id: 295121 cord_uid: 4xemmaqt file: cache/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.json key: cord-295223-5mlbup1i authors: Lakhdar, Fayçal; Benzagmout, Mohammed title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center date: 2020-05-30 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04406-6 sha: doc_id: 295223 cord_uid: 5mlbup1i file: cache/cord-295276-fic96llm.json key: cord-295276-fic96llm authors: Corpuz, Jeff Clyde G title: COVID-19: spiritual interventions for the living and the dead date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa167 sha: doc_id: 295276 cord_uid: fic96llm file: cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.json key: cord-295407-aq011b97 authors: Pettus, Katherine; Cleary, James F.; de Lima, Liliana; Ahmed, Ebtesam; Radbruch, Lukas title: Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.153 sha: doc_id: 295407 cord_uid: aq011b97 file: cache/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.json key: cord-295270-6ptaxg74 authors: Titanji, Boghuma K; Farley, Monica M; Schinazi, Raymond F; Marconi, Vincent C title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib – Impact on COVID-19 Coagulopathy? Jorgensen et. al. date: 2020-08-14 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1210 sha: doc_id: 295270 cord_uid: 6ptaxg74 file: cache/cord-295243-6osemfvk.json key: cord-295243-6osemfvk authors: Jackson, Debra; Bradbury‐Jones, Caroline; Baptiste, Diana; Gelling, Leslie; Morin, Karen; Neville, Stephen; Smith, Graeme D. title: Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-12 journal: J Clin Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15257 sha: doc_id: 295243 cord_uid: 6osemfvk file: cache/cord-295393-aln51r9y.json key: cord-295393-aln51r9y authors: Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia; Parthasarathy, Sahana; Annam, Jayabhargav; Hoffman, Julie; Coyle, Christine; Kishore, Preeti title: Unexpected high mortality in COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis()() date: 2020-06-24 journal: Metabolism DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154301 sha: doc_id: 295393 cord_uid: aln51r9y file: cache/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.json key: cord-295274-gzkfy70s authors: Mecham, Jeffrey C.; Thomas, Olivia J.; Pirgousis, Phillip; Janus, Jeffrey R. title: Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID‐19 and Other Special Considerations date: 2020-05-12 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.28734 sha: doc_id: 295274 cord_uid: gzkfy70s file: cache/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.json key: cord-295150-uw8lwgrh authors: Sockalingam, Sanjeev; Leung, Samantha E.; Cassin, Stephanie E. title: The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care date: 2020-05-22 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22836 sha: doc_id: 295150 cord_uid: uw8lwgrh file: cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.json key: cord-295391-e5it7nxl authors: Alahmadi, Adel Salah; Alhatlan, Hatlan M; Bin Helayel, Halah; Khandekar, Rajiv; Al Habash, Ahmed; Al-Shahwan, Sami title: Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date: 2020-11-03 journal: Clin Ophthalmol DOI: 10.2147/opth.s283073 sha: doc_id: 295391 cord_uid: e5it7nxl file: cache/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.json key: cord-295412-ow9lqhrw authors: Chaturvedi, Seemant; Gorelick, Philip title: The interplay between COVID 19 and non-communicable diseases date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105104 sha: doc_id: 295412 cord_uid: ow9lqhrw file: cache/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.json key: cord-295324-t1zvz1zg authors: Liu, Yin; Wang, Li; Chen, Long; Zhang, Xianhong; Bao, Lei; Shi, Yuan title: Mental Health Status of Paediatric Medical Workers in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-21 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00702 sha: doc_id: 295324 cord_uid: t1zvz1zg file: cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.json key: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig authors: Zhao, Pengcheng; Zhang, Nan; Li, Yuguo title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date: 2020-06-03 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113955 sha: doc_id: 295513 cord_uid: q5f8d0ig file: cache/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.json key: cord-295523-5pv7kw6i authors: Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea; Rosado, Maria Manuela; Pioli, Claudio; Sesti, Giorgio; Laganà, Bruno title: Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity date: 2020-05-08 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093330 sha: doc_id: 295523 cord_uid: 5pv7kw6i file: cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.json key: cord-295536-dbpt4dhr authors: Shook, Natalie J.; Sevi, Barış; Lee, Jerin; Oosterhoff, Benjamin; Fitzgerald, Holly N. title: Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date: 2020-08-20 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238015 sha: doc_id: 295536 cord_uid: dbpt4dhr file: cache/cord-295569-5dakd9en.json key: cord-295569-5dakd9en authors: Ogaugwu, Christian; Mogaji, Hammed; Ogaugwu, Euphemia; Nebo, Uchechukwu; Okoh, Hilary; Agbo, Stanley; Agbon, Andrew title: Effect of Weather on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-08-18 journal: Scientifica (Cairo) DOI: 10.1155/2020/2562641 sha: doc_id: 295569 cord_uid: 5dakd9en file: cache/cord-295527-d5laummv.json key: cord-295527-d5laummv authors: El-Baba, Firas; Gabe, Danielle; Frank, Allan title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt date: 2020-09-14 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237720 sha: doc_id: 295527 cord_uid: d5laummv file: cache/cord-295398-soa71kwx.json key: cord-295398-soa71kwx authors: Moghadas, Seyed M.; Fitzpatrick, Meagan C.; Sah, Pratha; Pandey, Abhishek; Shoukat, Affan; Singer, Burton H.; Galvani, Alison P. title: The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks date: 2020-07-28 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008373117 sha: doc_id: 295398 cord_uid: soa71kwx file: cache/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.json key: cord-295138-xud3y0ko authors: Datta, Niloy R.; Datta, Sneha; Samiei, Massoud title: Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia date: 2020-09-24 journal: Adv Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 295138 cord_uid: xud3y0ko file: cache/cord-295341-wkehj39d.json key: cord-295341-wkehj39d authors: Faqihi, Fahad; Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Memish, Ziad A; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Comment on Hu et al: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26396 sha: doc_id: 295341 cord_uid: wkehj39d file: cache/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.json key: cord-295431-p9iy7uaf authors: Atangana, Ernestine; Atangana, Abdon title: Facemasks simple but powerful weapons to protect against COVID-19 spread: Can they have sides effects? date: 2020-09-30 journal: Results Phys DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103425 sha: doc_id: 295431 cord_uid: p9iy7uaf file: cache/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.json key: cord-295475-o3ns4cfn authors: Dastan, Farzaneh; Nadji, Seyed Alireza; Saffaei, Ali; Tabarsi, Payam title: Tocilizumab administration in a refractory case of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106043 sha: doc_id: 295475 cord_uid: o3ns4cfn file: cache/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.json key: cord-295593-e4akxqv5 authors: Bull-Otterson, Lara; Gray, Elizabeth B.; Budnitz, Daniel S.; Strosnider, Heather M.; Schieber, Lyna Z.; Courtney, Joseph; García, Macarena C.; Brooks, John T.; Mac Kenzie, William R.; Gundlapalli, Adi V. title: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment — United States, January–June 2020 date: 2020-09-04 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a4 sha: doc_id: 295593 cord_uid: e4akxqv5 file: cache/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.json key: cord-295357-dv1fxprr authors: Xiang, Yu-Tao; Zhao, Yan-Jie; Liu, Zi-Han; Li, Xiao-Hong; Zhao, Na; Cheung, Teris; Ng, Chee H. title: The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform date: 2020-03-15 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45072 sha: doc_id: 295357 cord_uid: dv1fxprr file: cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.json key: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz authors: Michard, Frédéric; Malbrain, Manu LNG; Martin, Greg S; Fumeaux, Thierry; Lobo, Suzana; Gonzalez, Filipe; Pinho-Oliveira, Vitor; Constantin, Jean-Michel title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 295287 cord_uid: j3gm9vpz file: cache/cord-295516-hgqwef94.json key: cord-295516-hgqwef94 authors: Veerasuri, S.; Vekeria, M.; Davies, S. E.; Graham, R.; Rodrigues, J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study date: 2020-08-12 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.022 sha: doc_id: 295516 cord_uid: hgqwef94 file: cache/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.json key: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 295479 cord_uid: mcfqs7vf file: cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.json key: cord-295693-45etqt72 authors: McClure, Elizabeth S; Vasudevan, Pavithra; Bailey, Zinzi; Patel, Snehal; Robinson, Whitney R title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-07-03 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa126 sha: doc_id: 295693 cord_uid: 45etqt72 file: cache/cord-295622-znmpheia.json key: cord-295622-znmpheia authors: Simione, Luca; Gnagnarella, Camilla title: Differences Between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02166 sha: doc_id: 295622 cord_uid: znmpheia file: cache/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.json key: cord-295715-d8zrn42r authors: Kim, Jungkeun; Lee, Jacob C. title: Effect of COVID-19 on Preference for Private Dining Facilities in Restaurants date: 2020-07-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 295715 cord_uid: d8zrn42r file: cache/cord-295681-l414z6gc.json key: cord-295681-l414z6gc authors: Chow, Justin; Alhussaini, Anhar; Calvillo-Argüelles, Oscar; Billia, Filio; Luk, Adriana title: Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) date: 2020-04-08 journal: CJC Open DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 295681 cord_uid: l414z6gc file: cache/cord-295414-v10454ns.json key: cord-295414-v10454ns authors: Baktash, Vadir; Hosack, Tom; Patel, Nishil; Shah, Shital; Kandiah, Pirabakaran; Van Den Abbeele, Koenraad; Mandal, Amit K J; Missouris, Constantinos G title: Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138712 sha: doc_id: 295414 cord_uid: v10454ns file: cache/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.json key: cord-296031-r6iqiy1n authors: Tattan-Birch, H.; Perski, O.; Jackson, S. E.; Shahab, L.; West, R.; Brown, J. title: COVID-19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England date: 2020-06-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142661 sha: doc_id: 296031 cord_uid: r6iqiy1n file: cache/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.json key: cord-295700-lzaxzuwe authors: Shi, Shaobo; Qin, Mu; Cai, Yuli; Liu, Tao; Shen, Bo; Yang, Fan; Cao, Sheng; Liu, Xu; Xiang, Yaozu; Zhao, Qinyan; Huang, He; Yang, Bo; Huang, Congxin title: Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa408 sha: doc_id: 295700 cord_uid: lzaxzuwe file: cache/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.json key: cord-295767-92oxdmxq authors: Aga, Syed Sameer; Khan, Muhammad Anwar; Nissar, Syed Saniya; Banday, Mujeeb Zafar title: Évaluation de la santé mentale et des diverses stratégies d'adaptation dans la population générale vivant sous l'emprise de la COVID à travers le monde : Une étude transversal date: 2020-07-28 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100571 sha: doc_id: 295767 cord_uid: 92oxdmxq file: cache/cord-295798-x7or932x.json key: cord-295798-x7or932x authors: Ferrey, Antoney J.; Choi, Grace; Hanna, Ramy M.; Chang, Yongen; Tantisattamo, Ekamol; Ivaturi, Kaushik; Park, Elisa; Nguyen, Lawrence; Wang, Brian; Tonthat, Sam; Rhee, Connie M.; Reddy, Uttam; Lau, Wei Ling; Huang, Susan S.; Gohil, Shruti; Amin, Alpesh N.; Hsieh, Lanny; Cheng, Timmy T.; Lee, Richard A.; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar title: A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease date: 2020-03-28 journal: Am J Nephrol DOI: 10.1159/000507417 sha: doc_id: 295798 cord_uid: x7or932x file: cache/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.json key: cord-295709-9whgh5b3 authors: Macias, J.; Gonzalez-Moreno, P.; Sanchez-Garcia, E.; Morillo-Verdugo, R.; Dominguez-Quesada, C.; Pinilla, A.; Macho, M.; Martinez, M.; Gonzalez-Serna, A.; Corma, A.; Real, L. M.; Pineda, J. A. title: Similar incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy date: 2020-05-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104141 sha: doc_id: 295709 cord_uid: 9whgh5b3 file: cache/cord-295853-lxakf79k.json key: cord-295853-lxakf79k authors: Kumar, Pavan; Kalita, Himangshu; Patairiya, Shashikanta; Sharma, Yagya Datt; Nanda, Chintan; Rani, Meenu; Rahmani, Jamal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth title: Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-03-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 sha: doc_id: 295853 cord_uid: lxakf79k file: cache/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.json key: cord-296174-95ap8qfn authors: Singh, Arjun Gurmeet; Deodhar, Jayita; Chaturvedi, Pankaj title: Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer date: 2020-04-27 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26211 sha: doc_id: 296174 cord_uid: 95ap8qfn file: cache/cord-295603-mk9oartb.json key: cord-295603-mk9oartb authors: Yu, Xiaoqi; Wei, Dong; Chen, Yongyan; Zhang, Donghua; Zhang, Xinxin title: Retrospective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness date: 2020-07-05 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785952 sha: doc_id: 295603 cord_uid: mk9oartb file: cache/cord-295794-glcg36si.json key: cord-295794-glcg36si authors: Seghers, Victor J.; Desai, Nilesh K.; Masand, Prakash M.; Nasir, Sadia; Foster, Traci L.; Indiero, Dennis A.; Johnson, Trent D.; Huisman, Thierry A. G. M. title: After the initial COVID-19 surge: a phased radiology departmental re-opening plan date: 2020-08-22 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04792-0 sha: doc_id: 295794 cord_uid: glcg36si file: cache/cord-295995-uabnyomr.json key: cord-295995-uabnyomr authors: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman; Vestita, Michelangelo; Goldust, Mohamad title: Sexually Transmitted COVID19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13982 sha: doc_id: 295995 cord_uid: uabnyomr file: cache/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.json key: cord-296072-w8nwj3u6 authors: Al-karawi, D.; Al-Zaidi, S.; Polus, N.; Jassim, S. title: Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063479 sha: doc_id: 296072 cord_uid: w8nwj3u6 file: cache/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.json key: cord-296214-xeezt6f7 authors: Sabatino, Jolanda; Moscatelli, Sara; Rustamova, Yasmin; Kotlar, Irina; Avesani, Martina; Brida, Margarita; Gök, Gülay; Borrelli, Nunzia; Marchenko, Oksana; Calvieri, Camilla; Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz, Katarzyna; Moharem-Elgamal, Sarah; Grapsa, Julia; Öz, Tugba Kemaloğlu title: Women's perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Walking into a post-peak phase date: 2020-08-13 journal: Int J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.025 sha: doc_id: 296214 cord_uid: xeezt6f7 file: cache/cord-295703-no45mgyd.json key: cord-295703-no45mgyd authors: ALTAY, O.; YANG, H.; AYDIN, M.; Alkurt, G.; ALTUNAL, N.; KIM, W.; AKYOL, D.; ARIF, M.; Zhang, C.; Dinler-Doganay, G.; TURKEZ, H.; SHOAIE, S.; NIELSEN, J.; BOREN, J.; DOGANAY, L.; UHLEN, M.; Mardinoglu, A. title: Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20202614 sha: doc_id: 295703 cord_uid: no45mgyd file: cache/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.json key: cord-295720-eeqv5xa4 authors: Umeizudike, Kehinde Adesola; Isiekwe, Ikenna Gerald; Fadeju, Adeyemi Dada; Akinboboye, Bolanle Oyeyemi; Aladenika, Emmanuel Temitope title: Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Dent Educ DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12423 sha: doc_id: 295720 cord_uid: eeqv5xa4 file: cache/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.json key: cord-296113-syi2fwuo authors: Peng, Mian; Ren, Di; Liu, Yong-Feng; Meng, Xi; Wu, Ming; Chen, Rong-Lin; Yu, Bao-Jun; Tao, Long-Cheng; Chen, Li; Lai, Zeng-Qiao title: Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports date: 2020-08-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3305 sha: doc_id: 296113 cord_uid: syi2fwuo file: cache/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.json key: cord-295891-c9rfy1w7 authors: Zhao, J.; Grabowska, M. E.; Kerchberger, V. E.; Smith, J. C.; Eken, H. N.; Feng, Q.; Peterson, J. F.; Rosenbloom, S. T.; Johnson, K. B.; Wei, W.-Q. title: ConceptWAS: a high-throughput method for early identification of COVID-19 presenting symptoms date: 2020-11-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.06.20227165 sha: doc_id: 295891 cord_uid: c9rfy1w7 file: cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.json key: cord-296182-hhswage4 authors: Meng, Lingzhong; Qiu, Haibo; Wan, Li; Ai, Yuhang; Xue, Zhanggang; Guo, Qulian; Deshpande, Ranjit; Zhang, Lina; Meng, Jie; Tong, Chuanyao; Liu, Hong; Xiong, Lize title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 sha: doc_id: 296182 cord_uid: hhswage4 file: cache/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.json key: cord-295829-e1tk8qvw authors: Dua, Anahita; Thondapu, Vikas; Rosovsky, Rachel; Hunt, David; Latz, Christopher; Waller, H. David; Manchester, Scott; Patell, Rushad; Romero, Javier; Ghoshhajra, Brian; Eagleton, Matthew; Brink, James; Hedgire, Sandeep title: DVT Protocol Optimization to Minimize Healthcare Worker Exposure in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 295829 cord_uid: e1tk8qvw file: cache/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.json key: cord-295973-41jqgsv0 authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Singh, Akriti; Shaikh, Altamash; Singh, Ritu; Misra, Anoop title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries date: 2020-03-26 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.011 sha: doc_id: 295973 cord_uid: 41jqgsv0 file: cache/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.json key: cord-296219-zzg9hds0 authors: Battaglini, Denise; Brunetti, Iole; Anania, Pasquale; Fiaschi, Pietro; Zona, Gianluigi; Ball, Lorenzo; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Vena, Antonio; Bassetti, Matteo; Patroniti, Nicolò; Schenone, Angelo; Pelosi, Paolo; Rocco, Patricia R. M.; Robba, Chiara title: Neurological Manifestations of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Implications of Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Settings date: 2020-08-12 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00845 sha: doc_id: 296219 cord_uid: zzg9hds0 file: cache/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.json key: cord-295957-s17z2ccf authors: Bordi, Licia; Piralla, Antonio; Lalle, Eleonora; Giardina, Federica; Colavita, Francesca; Tallarita, Monica; Sberna, Giuseppe; Novazzi, Federica; Meschi, Silvia; Castilletti, Concetta; Brisci, Angela; Minnucci, Giulia; Tettamanzi, Veronica; Baldanti, Fausto; Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria title: Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Simplexa™ COVID-19 direct assay date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104416 sha: doc_id: 295957 cord_uid: s17z2ccf file: cache/cord-296353-snzdjan9.json key: cord-296353-snzdjan9 authors: Fox, Nathan S.; Melka, Stephanie title: COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: Case Series from One Large New York City Obstetrical Practice date: 2020-05-21 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712529 sha: doc_id: 296353 cord_uid: snzdjan9 file: cache/cord-296314-hprl52va.json key: cord-296314-hprl52va authors: Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo; de Souza Araújo, Adriano Antunes; Quintans-Júnior, Lucindo José; Santos, Victor Santana title: COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa128 sha: doc_id: 296314 cord_uid: hprl52va file: cache/cord-296384-cejw22ms.json key: cord-296384-cejw22ms authors: Chitturi, Kalyan R.; Faza, Nadeen N.; Little, Stephen H.; Kleiman, Neal S.; Reardon, Michael J.; Goel, Sachin S. title: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: Cardiovasc Revasc Med DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.05.030 sha: doc_id: 296384 cord_uid: cejw22ms file: cache/cord-296312-nh4poc71.json key: cord-296312-nh4poc71 authors: Kowitt, Sarah D.; Cornacchione Ross, Jennifer; Jarman, Kristen L.; Kistler, Christine E.; Lazard, Allison J.; Ranney, Leah M.; Sheeran, Paschal; Thrasher, James F.; Goldstein, Adam O. title: Tobacco Quit Intentions and Behaviors among Cigar Smokers in the United States in Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155368 sha: doc_id: 296312 cord_uid: nh4poc71 file: cache/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.json key: cord-296232-6zj99nuw authors: Talukdar, Jayanta; Bhadra, Bhaskar; Dattaroy, Tomal; Nagle, Vinod; Dasgupta, Santanu title: Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-16 journal: Biomed Pharmacother DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110886 sha: doc_id: 296232 cord_uid: 6zj99nuw file: cache/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.json key: cord-296331-i4hyzqcv authors: Adapa, Sreedhar; Chenna, Avantika; Balla, Mamtha; Merugu, Ganesh Prasad; Koduri, Narayana Murty; Daggubati, Subba Rao; Gayam, Vijay; Naramala, Srikanth; Konala, Venu Madhav title: COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Impact on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4200 sha: doc_id: 296331 cord_uid: i4hyzqcv file: cache/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.json key: cord-296316-huyw5eo1 authors: Suresh, Padmanaban S. title: Curcumin and Coagulopathy in the COVID19 Era date: 2020-07-15 journal: Indian J Clin Biochem DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00914-5 sha: doc_id: 296316 cord_uid: huyw5eo1 file: cache/cord-296171-v9co078y.json key: cord-296171-v9co078y authors: Gialluisi, Alessandro; de Gaetano, Giovanni; Iacoviello, Licia title: New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? date: 2020-05-06 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04444-z sha: doc_id: 296171 cord_uid: v9co078y file: cache/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.json key: cord-296342-qyqf60s9 authors: Alvarez Retamales, V.; Madrid Suarez, O.; Lara-Garcia, O. E.; Ranjha, S.; Maini, R.; Hingle, S.; Sundareshan, V.; Robinson, R. title: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Hospital Admissions date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 sha: doc_id: 296342 cord_uid: qyqf60s9 file: cache/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.json key: cord-296420-n3vyhqpd authors: England, Andrew; Littler, Emily; Romani, Simon; Cosson, Philip title: Modifications to mobile chest radiography technique during the COVID-19 pandemic – implications of X-raying through side room windows date: 2020-08-03 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.07.015 sha: doc_id: 296420 cord_uid: n3vyhqpd file: cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.json key: cord-296306-xcomjvaa authors: Rivett, Lucy; Sridhar, Sushmita; Sparkes, Dominic; Routledge, Matthew; Jones, Nick K; Forrest, Sally; Young, Jamie; Pereira-Dias, Joana; Hamilton, William L; Ferris, Mark; Torok, M Estee; Meredith, Luke; Curran, Martin D; Fuller, Stewart; Chaudhry, Afzal; Shaw, Ashley; Samworth, Richard J; Bradley, John R; Dougan, Gordon; Smith, Kenneth GC; Lehner, Paul J; Matheson, Nicholas J; Wright, Giles; Goodfellow, Ian G; Baker, Stephen; Weekes, Michael P title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.58728 sha: doc_id: 296306 cord_uid: xcomjvaa file: cache/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.json key: cord-296330-4i02f1ji authors: Qi, Xiaolong; Liu, Yanna; Fallowfield, Jonathan A.; Wang, Jitao; Wang, Jianwen; Li, Xinyu; Shi, Jindong; Pan, Hongqiu; Zou, Shengqiang; Zhang, Hongguang; Chen, Zhenhuai; Li, Fujian; Luo, Yan; Mei, Mei; Liu, Huiling; Wang, Zhengyan; Li, Jinlin; Yang, Hua; Xiang, Huihua; Li, Xiaodan; Liu, Tao; Zheng, Ming-Hua; Liu, Chuan; Huang, Yifei; Xu, Dan; Li, Xiaoguo; Kang, Ning; He, Qing; Gu, Ye; Zhang, Guo; Shao, Chuxiao; Liu, Dengxiang; Zhang, Lin; Li, Xun; Kawada, Norifumi; Jiang, Zicheng; Wang, Fengmei; Xiong, Bin; Takehara, Tetsuo; Rockey, Don C. title: Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: A multicenter cohort study date: 2020-04-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20072611 sha: doc_id: 296330 cord_uid: 4i02f1ji file: cache/cord-296265-mat1x862.json key: cord-296265-mat1x862 authors: Du, Na; Jiang, Yanfang; Zhang, Qing; Che, Lihe; Li, Xiaohua; Lou, Lixin; Bao, Wanguo; Hua, Shucheng title: Clinical characteristics of family-clustered onset of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China date: 2020-09-15 journal: Virulence DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1816075 sha: doc_id: 296265 cord_uid: mat1x862 file: cache/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.json key: cord-296208-uy1r6lt2 authors: Greenspan, Hayit; San José Estépar, Raúl; J. Niessen, Wiro; Siegel, Eliot; Nielsen, Mads title: Position paper on COVID-19 imaging and AI: from the clinical needs and technological challenges to initial AI solutions at the lab and national level towards a new era for AI in healthcare date: 2020-08-19 journal: Med Image Anal DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101800 sha: doc_id: 296208 cord_uid: uy1r6lt2 file: cache/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.json key: cord-296375-gf0mgz5x authors: Zhang, Xi; Rao, Huaxiang; Wu, Yuwan; Huang, Yubei; Dai, Hongji title: Comparison of spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China date: 2020-10-30 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05537-y sha: doc_id: 296375 cord_uid: gf0mgz5x file: cache/cord-296285-qiez6adj.json key: cord-296285-qiez6adj authors: Boudrioua, M. S.; Boudrioua, A. title: Predicting the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria using the SIR model date: 2020-04-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20079467 sha: doc_id: 296285 cord_uid: qiez6adj file: cache/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.json key: cord-296536-s8n7kgkn authors: Nagendrappa, Sachin; Shoib, Sheikh; Rehman, Sajjadur; Grigo, Omityah; Ransing, Ramdas title: Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102390 sha: doc_id: 296536 cord_uid: s8n7kgkn file: cache/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.json key: cord-296483-x95lwwnm authors: Kranke, Peter; Weibel, Stephanie; Sitter, Magdalena; Meybohm, Patrick; Girard, Thierry title: Geburtshilfliche Anästhesie während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Übersicht der Handlungsempfehlungen date: 2020-04-09 journal: Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther DOI: 10.1055/a-1144-5562 sha: doc_id: 296483 cord_uid: x95lwwnm file: cache/cord-296425-on8er7v9.json key: cord-296425-on8er7v9 authors: O’Brien, Edward R.; Sandhu, Jagdeep K. title: Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat hyper-inflammation? date: 2020-08-06 journal: Cell Stress Chaperones DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01146-5 sha: doc_id: 296425 cord_uid: on8er7v9 file: cache/cord-296426-upwsdgso.json key: cord-296426-upwsdgso authors: Virmani, Sarthak; Gleeson, Shana E.; Girone, Gianna F.; Malhotra, Divyanshu; Cohen, Elizabeth A.; Klarman, Sharon E.; Asch, William S. title: Identifying a Kidney Transplant Recipient COVID Phenotype to Aid Test Utilization in the Setting of Limited Testing Availability - Does One Exist? date: 2020-06-20 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.033 sha: doc_id: 296426 cord_uid: upwsdgso file: cache/cord-296440-18vpg419.json key: cord-296440-18vpg419 authors: Beurnier, Antoine; Jutant, Etienne-Marie; Jevnikar, Mitja; Boucly, Athénaïs; Pichon, Jérémie; Preda, Mariana; Frank, Marie; Laurent, Jérémy; Richard, Christian; Monnet, Xavier; Duranteau, Jacques; Harrois, Anatole; Chaumais, Marie-Camille; Bellin, Marie-France; Noël, Nicolas; Bulifon, Sophie; Jaïs, Xavier; Parent, Florence; Seferian, Andrei; Savale, Laurent; Sitbon, Olivier; Montani, David; Humbert, Marc title: Characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require hospitalisation date: 2020-07-30 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01875-2020 sha: doc_id: 296440 cord_uid: 18vpg419 file: cache/cord-296522-ljovvgey.json key: cord-296522-ljovvgey authors: Fitzpatrick, Kevin M.; Drawve, Grant; Harris, Casey title: Facing New Fears During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The State of America’s Mental Health date: 2020-08-13 journal: Journal of Anxiety Disorders DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102291 sha: doc_id: 296522 cord_uid: ljovvgey file: cache/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.json key: cord-296494-6kn4mr04 authors: Saban-Ruiz, J.; Ly-Pen, D. title: COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Nutr Health Aging DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5 sha: doc_id: 296494 cord_uid: 6kn4mr04 file: cache/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.json key: cord-296363-qgoxlqoq authors: Khan, Yusra Habib; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Alotaibi, Nasser Hadal; Alzarea, Abdulaziz Ibrahim; Alanazi, Abdullah Salah; Tanveer, Nida; Hashmi, Furqan Khurshid title: Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date: 2020-06-22 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 sha: doc_id: 296363 cord_uid: qgoxlqoq file: cache/cord-296567-six7u615.json key: cord-296567-six7u615 authors: Hussain, Akhtar; Cristina do Vale Moreira, Nayla title: Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 296567 cord_uid: six7u615 file: cache/cord-296598-aelpasay.json key: cord-296598-aelpasay authors: Coughlin, Lara N.; Bonar, Erin E.; Bickel, Warren K. title: Considerations for remote delivery of behavioral economic interventions for substance use disorder during COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-10-04 journal: J Subst Abuse Treat DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108150 sha: doc_id: 296598 cord_uid: aelpasay file: cache/cord-296582-55rz7epf.json key: cord-296582-55rz7epf authors: Glick, Sara N.; Prohaska, Stephanie M.; LaKosky, Paul A.; Juarez, Alexa M.; Corcorran, Maria A.; Des Jarlais, Don C. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States date: 2020-04-24 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02886-2 sha: doc_id: 296582 cord_uid: 55rz7epf file: cache/cord-296579-oa67njov.json key: cord-296579-oa67njov authors: d’Ettorre, Gabriella; Recchia, Gregorio; Ridolfi, Marco; Siccardi, Guido; Pinacchio, Claudia; Innocenti, Giuseppe Pietro; Santinelli, Letizia; Frasca, Federica; Bitossi, Camilla; Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Borrazzo, Cristian; Antonelli, Guido; Scagnolari, Carolina; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria title: Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report date: 2020-09-04 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021803 sha: doc_id: 296579 cord_uid: oa67njov file: cache/cord-296588-q2716lda.json key: cord-296588-q2716lda authors: Hanson, Kimberly E; Caliendo, Angela M; Arias, Cesar A; Englund, Janet A; Lee, Mark J; Loeb, Mark; Patel, Robin; El Alayli, Abdallah; Kalot, Mohamad A; Falck-Ytter, Yngve; Lavergne, Valery; Morgan, Rebecca L; Murad, M Hassan; Sultan, Shahnaz; Bhimraj, Adarsh; Mustafa, Reem A title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa760 sha: doc_id: 296588 cord_uid: q2716lda file: cache/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.json key: cord-296619-uhhndp0a authors: Kondo, Yuki; Miyazaki, Shinichi; Yamashita, Ryo; Ikeda, Takuya title: Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus date: 2020-07-01 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236812 sha: doc_id: 296619 cord_uid: uhhndp0a file: cache/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.json key: cord-296607-h2zwlyz7 authors: Watson, Ryan A.; Johnson, Drew M.; Dharia, Robin N.; Merli, Geno J.; Doherty, John U. title: Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system date: 2020-06-09 journal: Hospital practice DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1772639 sha: doc_id: 296607 cord_uid: h2zwlyz7 file: cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.json key: cord-296692-t5p09le8 authors: Elgin, T.G.; Fricke, E.M.; Hernandez Reyes, M.E.; Tsimis, M.E.; Leslein, N.S.; Thomas, B.A.; Sato, T.S.; McNamara, P.J. title: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date: 2020-09-07 journal: Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine DOI: 10.3233/npm-200460 sha: doc_id: 296692 cord_uid: t5p09le8 file: cache/cord-296669-1md8j11e.json key: cord-296669-1md8j11e authors: Li, Xin; Lu, Peixin; Hu, Lianting; Huang, Tianhui; Lu, Long title: Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-08-04 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155627 sha: doc_id: 296669 cord_uid: 1md8j11e file: cache/cord-296682-ugffeegr.json key: cord-296682-ugffeegr authors: Rahimi, Hoda; Tehranchinia, Zohreh title: A Comprehensive Review of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-05 journal: Biomed Res Int DOI: 10.1155/2020/1236520 sha: doc_id: 296682 cord_uid: ugffeegr file: cache/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.json key: cord-296708-b37jcj4f authors: Sagar, Rajesh; Chawla, Nishtha; Sen, Mahadev Singh title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-06-22 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113251 sha: doc_id: 296708 cord_uid: b37jcj4f file: cache/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.json key: cord-296550-wkmnfph3 authors: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar; Jahid, Md. Iqbal Kabir; Hossain, K. M Amran; Walton, Lori Maria; Uddin, Zakir; Haque, Md. Obaidul; Kabir, Md. Feroz; Arafat, S. M. Yasir; Sakel, Mohamed; Faruqui, Rafey; Hossain, Zahid title: Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239646 sha: doc_id: 296550 cord_uid: wkmnfph3 file: cache/cord-296746-j47306hx.json key: cord-296746-j47306hx authors: Chen, Fang-fang; Zhong, Ming; Liu, Ya; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Kai; Su, De-zhen; Meng, Xiao; Zhang, Yun title: The characteristics and outcomes of 681 severe cases with COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 296746 cord_uid: j47306hx file: cache/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.json key: cord-296806-pep4vlj1 authors: Rotulo, Gioacchino Andrea; Signa, Sara; Rosina, Silvia; Pastorino, Carlotta; Bondi, Elisabetta; Maghnie, Mohamad title: Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.039 sha: doc_id: 296806 cord_uid: pep4vlj1 file: cache/cord-296694-2js639bk.json key: cord-296694-2js639bk authors: Price, Laura C; McCabe, Colm; Garfield, Ben; Wort, Stephen J title: Thrombosis and COVID-19 pneumonia: the clot thickens! date: 2020-06-18 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01608-2020 sha: doc_id: 296694 cord_uid: 2js639bk file: cache/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.json key: cord-296725-ecy0rie9 authors: Landau, Ruth; Bernstein, Kyra; Mhyre, Jill title: Lessons Learned From First COVID-19 Cases in the United States date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004840 sha: doc_id: 296725 cord_uid: ecy0rie9 file: cache/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.json key: cord-296562-3h2oqb9k authors: Guillén, Lucía; Padilla, Sergio; Fernández, Marta; Agulló, Vanesa; García, José Alberto; Telenti, Guillermo; García-Abellán, Javier; Botella, Ángela; Gutiérrez, Félix; Masiá, Mar title: Preemptive interleukin-6 blockade in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74001-3 sha: doc_id: 296562 cord_uid: 3h2oqb9k file: cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.json key: cord-296881-2g81sjnl authors: Nabil, Ahmed; Uto, Koichiro; Elshemy, Mohamed M.; Soliman, Reham; Hassan, Ayman A.; Ebara, Mitsuhiro; Shiha, Gamal title: Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date: 2020-07-20 journal: EXCLI J DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2554 sha: doc_id: 296881 cord_uid: 2g81sjnl file: cache/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.json key: cord-296592-njf6u0v2 authors: Keswani, Rajesh N.; Sethi, Amrita; Repici, Alessandro; Messman, Helmut; Chiu, Philip title: How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World date: 2020-05-07 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 296592 cord_uid: njf6u0v2 file: cache/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.json key: cord-296811-zelkkw1f authors: Rodríguez-Padial, Luis; Arias, Miguel Ángel title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.022 sha: doc_id: 296811 cord_uid: zelkkw1f file: cache/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.json key: cord-296950-9dldbs6o authors: El-Zein, Rayan S; Cardinali, Serge; Murphy, Christie; Keeling, Thomas title: COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin date: 2020-09-06 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237364 sha: doc_id: 296950 cord_uid: 9dldbs6o file: cache/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.json key: cord-296888-z5x6zkht authors: Hailay, Abrha; Aberhe, Woldu; Zereabruk, Kidane; Mebrahtom, Guesh; Haile, Teklehaimanot; Bahrey, Degena; Mariye, Teklewoini title: The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 journal: Asthma Res Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40733-020-00061-x sha: doc_id: 296888 cord_uid: z5x6zkht file: cache/cord-297093-ld89vmct.json key: cord-297093-ld89vmct authors: Clark, Kristina E N; Collas, Oliver; Lachmann, Helen; Singh, Animesh; Buckley, Jim; Bhagani, Sanjay title: Safety of intravenous Anakinra in COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammation, a case series date: 2020-08-04 journal: Rheumatol Adv Pract DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkaa040 sha: doc_id: 297093 cord_uid: ld89vmct file: cache/cord-296676-2anl2agl.json key: cord-296676-2anl2agl authors: Goldberg, Michael F.; Goldberg, Morton F. title: Neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19: what the emergency radiologist needs to know date: 2020-08-21 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01840-y sha: doc_id: 296676 cord_uid: 2anl2agl file: cache/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.json key: cord-296803-tde8k4kr authors: Lundin, Rebecca; Armocida, Benedetta; Sdao, Paola; Pisanu, Sigrid; Mariani, Ilaria; Veltri, Antonella; Lazzerini, Marzia title: Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy date: 2020-09-07 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020359 sha: doc_id: 296803 cord_uid: tde8k4kr file: cache/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.json key: cord-297001-4g3wb8qi authors: Tal, Shir; Spectre, Galia; Kornowski, Ran; Perl, Leor title: Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? date: 2020-05-12 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000508233 sha: doc_id: 297001 cord_uid: 4g3wb8qi file: cache/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.json key: cord-297210-b8bl5vq5 authors: Leask, Andrew title: COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer? date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Cell Commun Signal DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00569-0 sha: doc_id: 297210 cord_uid: b8bl5vq5 file: cache/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.json key: cord-296773-5o4hr6ir authors: Zeneli, A.; Altini, M.; Bragagni, M.; Gentili, N.; Prati, S.; Golinucci, M.; Rustignoli, M.; Montalti, S. title: Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an Italian experience date: 2020-10-02 journal: Int Nurs Rev DOI: 10.1111/inr.12625 sha: doc_id: 296773 cord_uid: 5o4hr6ir file: cache/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.json key: cord-297132-lhfa9fl5 authors: Aghagoli, Ghazal; Gallo Marin, Benjamin; Katchur, Nicole J.; Chaves-Sell, Franz; Asaad, Wael F.; Murphy, Sarah A. title: Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review date: 2020-07-13 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01049-4 sha: doc_id: 297132 cord_uid: lhfa9fl5 file: cache/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.json key: cord-297236-wnuvofwr authors: Zhang, Si; Liu, Yangyang; Wang, Xiaofang; Yang, Li; Li, Haishan; Wang, Yuyan; Liu, Mengduan; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Xie, Youhua; Yang, Yan; Zhang, Shenghui; Fan, Zhichao; Dong, Jianzeng; Yuan, Zhenghong; Ding, Zhongren; Zhang, Yi; Hu, Liang title: SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 journal: J Hematol Oncol DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00954-7 sha: doc_id: 297236 cord_uid: wnuvofwr file: cache/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.json key: cord-297362-mhtvrn0c authors: Wu, Xian-rui; Zhang, Yun-feng; Lan, Nan; Zhang, Zhong-tao; Wang, Xi-shan; Shen, Bo; Lan, Ping; Kiran, Ravi P. title: Practice Patterns of Colorectal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-05 journal: Dis Colon Rectum DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001840 sha: doc_id: 297362 cord_uid: mhtvrn0c file: cache/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.json key: cord-297013-0ykz2raz authors: Agarwal, D. K.; De, S.; Shukla, O.; Checker, A.; Mittal, A.; Borah, A.; Gupta, D. title: Alternative Approaches for Modelling COVID-19:High-Accuracy Low-Data Predictions date: 2020-07-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159731 sha: doc_id: 297013 cord_uid: 0ykz2raz file: cache/cord-296801-19p33j65.json key: cord-296801-19p33j65 authors: Hagge, Daniel; Knopf, Andreas; Hofauer, Benedikt title: Chancen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Telemedizin in der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde bei der Bekämpfung von SARS-COV-2: Narratives Review date: 2020-04-16 journal: HNO DOI: 10.1007/s00106-020-00864-7 sha: doc_id: 296801 cord_uid: 19p33j65 file: cache/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.json key: cord-297241-ajy2wi51 authors: Katz, Carmit; Noa, Cohen title: Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage date: 2020-10-06 journal: Child Abuse Negl DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104770 sha: doc_id: 297241 cord_uid: ajy2wi51 file: cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.json key: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 authors: Drożdżal, Sylwester; Rosik, Jakub; Lechowicz, Kacper; Machaj, Filip; Szostak, Bartosz; Majewski, Paweł; Rotter, Iwona; Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 journal: Brain Sci DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070465 sha: doc_id: 297327 cord_uid: 19dfgfz6 file: cache/cord-297378-quyehjr1.json key: cord-297378-quyehjr1 authors: Hong, Yan; Cai, Gangwei; Mo, Zhoujin; Gao, Weijun; Xu, Lei; Jiang, Yuanxing; Jiang, Jinming title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis date: 2020-05-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103747 sha: doc_id: 297378 cord_uid: quyehjr1 file: cache/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.json key: cord-297217-pe6mehjv authors: Simpson, A. 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W.; Dall, Graham; Haas, Jürgen G. title: COVID-19: potential transmission through aerosols in surgical procedures and blood products date: 2020-07-23 journal: Bone Joint Res DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.94.bjr-2020-0130 sha: doc_id: 297217 cord_uid: pe6mehjv file: cache/cord-297010-imciixde.json key: cord-297010-imciixde authors: Babayeva, Mariana; Loewy, Zvi title: Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-10-23 journal: Pharmgenomics Pers Med DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s275964 sha: doc_id: 297010 cord_uid: imciixde file: cache/cord-297127-nhgm09db.json key: cord-297127-nhgm09db authors: Hasseli, Rebecca; Mueller-Ladner, Ulf; Schmeiser, Tim; Hoyer, Bimba F; Krause, Andreas; Lorenz, Hanns-Martin; Regierer, Anne Constanze; Richter, Jutta G; Strangfeld, Anja; Voll, Reinhard E; Pfeil, Alexander; Schulze-Koops, Hendrik; Specker, Christof title: National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD date: 2020-09-02 journal: RMD Open DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001332 sha: doc_id: 297127 cord_uid: nhgm09db file: cache/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.json key: cord-297029-b38sm4y9 authors: Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Trujillo, Xóchitl; Huerta, Miguel; Ríos-Silva, Mónica; Mendoza-Cano, Oliver title: Male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-09-16 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05408-6 sha: doc_id: 297029 cord_uid: b38sm4y9 file: cache/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.json key: cord-297157-16ciqu9w authors: Mamun, Mohammed A.; Griffiths, Mark D. title: First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies date: 2020-04-07 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073 sha: doc_id: 297157 cord_uid: 16ciqu9w file: cache/cord-297365-11es4w0u.json key: cord-297365-11es4w0u authors: Peng, Hui; Gao, Ping; Xu, Qiong; Liu, Maochang; Peng, Jing; Wang, Yang; Xu, Hua title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: Characteristics, Antimicrobial Treatment, and Outcomes date: 2020-05-07 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104425 sha: doc_id: 297365 cord_uid: 11es4w0u file: cache/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.json key: cord-296936-5gkx4jxa authors: An, M. H.; Kim, M. S.; park, Y.; Kim, B.-O.; Kang, S. H.; Kimn, W. J.; Park, S. K.; Park, H.-W.; Yang, W.; Jang, J.; Jang, S.; Hwang, T.-H. title: Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine and Antibiotics for mild to moderate COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from South Korea date: 2020-07-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.04.20146548 sha: doc_id: 296936 cord_uid: 5gkx4jxa file: cache/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.json key: cord-297413-gw0z23z9 authors: Jalili, M.; Niroomand, M.; Hadavand, F.; Zeinali, K.; Fotouhi, A. title: Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650 sha: doc_id: 297413 cord_uid: gw0z23z9 file: cache/cord-297209-84gs67bn.json key: cord-297209-84gs67bn authors: Livanos, A. E.; Jha, D.; Cossarini, F.; Gonzalez-Reiche, A. S.; Tokuyama, M.; Aydillo, T.; Parigi, T. L.; Ramos, I.; Dunleavy, K.; Lee, B.; Dixon, R.; Chen, S. T.; Martinez-Delgado, G.; Nagula, S.; Ko, H. 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A.; Aghemo, A.; Petralia, F.; van Bakel, H.; Garcia-Sastre, A.; Mehandru, S. title: Gastrointestinal involvement attenuates COVID-19 severity and mortality date: 2020-09-09 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 sha: doc_id: 297209 cord_uid: 84gs67bn file: cache/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.json key: cord-297218-yct9fu8r authors: Hyland, Kelly A.; Jim, Heather S.L. title: Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis date: 2020-06-16 journal: Psychooncology DOI: 10.1002/pon.5445 sha: doc_id: 297218 cord_uid: yct9fu8r file: cache/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.json key: cord-297333-fyn2xzfw authors: Inchingolo, Riccardo; Smargiassi, Andrea; Moro, Francesca; Buonsenso, Danilo; Salvi, Silvia; Del Giacomo, Paola; Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo; Demi, Libertario; Soldati, Gino; Testa, Antonia Carla title: The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound date: 2020-04-28 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.020 sha: doc_id: 297333 cord_uid: fyn2xzfw file: cache/cord-296986-8fuj072z.json key: cord-296986-8fuj072z authors: Kumar, Manish; Taki, Kaling; Gahlot, Rohit; Sharma, Ayushi; Dhangar, Kiran title: A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment date: 2020-05-15 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139278 sha: doc_id: 296986 cord_uid: 8fuj072z file: cache/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.json key: cord-297384-0urbjy5p authors: Bal, Irene A.; Arslan, Okan; Budhrani, Kiran; Mao, Zixin; Novak, Kae; Muljana, Pauline S. title: The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 journal: TechTrends DOI: 10.1007/s11528-020-00534-z sha: doc_id: 297384 cord_uid: 0urbjy5p file: cache/cord-297432-2edncbgn.json key: cord-297432-2edncbgn authors: Helleberg, Marie; Niemann, Carsten Utoft; Moestrup, Kasper Sommerlund; Kirk, Ole; Lebech, Anne-Mette; Lane, Clifford; Lundgren, Jens title: Persistent COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient Temporarily Responsive to Two Courses of Remdesivir Therapy date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa446 sha: doc_id: 297432 cord_uid: 2edncbgn file: cache/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.json key: cord-297323-l3f12hg4 authors: Amor, Sandra; Fernández Blanco, Laura; Baker, David title: Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage date: 2020-09-26 journal: Clin Exp Immunol DOI: 10.1111/cei.13523 sha: doc_id: 297323 cord_uid: l3f12hg4 file: cache/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.json key: cord-297286-bo6pr34s authors: nan title: Medical conferences in the post-COVID world: a challenge, and an opportunity date: 2020-05-16 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06933-3 sha: doc_id: 297286 cord_uid: bo6pr34s file: cache/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.json key: cord-297368-ju6r1rf1 authors: Moradi, Soroush; Masoumi, Maryam; Mohammadi, Somayeh; Vafaeimanesh, Jamshid; Mohseni, Mohaddeseh; Mahdavi, Hossein; Aryannejad, Armin title: Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs date: 2020-10-31 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02535-5 sha: doc_id: 297368 cord_uid: ju6r1rf1 file: cache/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.json key: cord-297213-r5ulw2n1 authors: Lim, Michael Anthonius; Pranata, Raymond title: The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-19 journal: Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes DOI: 10.1177/1179551420964487 sha: doc_id: 297213 cord_uid: r5ulw2n1 file: cache/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.json key: cord-297395-5r4fxcuq authors: Rezende, Leandro F. M.; Thome, Beatriz; Schveitzer, Mariana Cabral; de Souza-Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann title: Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil date: 2020-05-15 journal: Revista de saude publica DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002596 sha: doc_id: 297395 cord_uid: 5r4fxcuq file: cache/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.json key: cord-297517-w8cvq0m5 authors: Toğaçar, Mesut; Ergen, Burhan; Cömert, Zafer title: COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches date: 2020-05-06 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103805 sha: doc_id: 297517 cord_uid: w8cvq0m5 file: cache/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.json key: cord-297414-zq16s9ud authors: Koh, Adrian H. C.; Koh, Luke R. S.; Sheu, Shwu-Jiuan; Sakamoto, Taiji title: What COVID-19 has taught us: lessons from around the globe date: 2020-06-13 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04791-9 sha: doc_id: 297414 cord_uid: zq16s9ud file: cache/cord-297477-o7kydesb.json key: cord-297477-o7kydesb authors: Das, Ashis Kumar; Gopalan, Saji Saraswathy title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-30 journal: Pulm Med DOI: 10.1155/2020/7291698 sha: doc_id: 297477 cord_uid: o7kydesb file: cache/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.json key: cord-297718-y58f2bp0 authors: Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04662-3 sha: doc_id: 297718 cord_uid: y58f2bp0 file: cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.json key: cord-297884-a6yrtuwf authors: Burke, R. M.; Balter, S.; Barnes, E.; Barry, V.; Bartlett, K.; Beer, K. 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S.; Haupt, T.; Holshue, M.; Hunte, title: Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-05-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901 sha: doc_id: 297884 cord_uid: a6yrtuwf file: cache/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.json key: cord-297396-r1p7xn3a authors: Ng, Ming-Yen; Wan, Eric Yuk Fai; Wong, Ho Yuen Frank; Leung, Siu Ting; Lee, Jonan Chun Yin; Chin, Thomas Wing-Yan; Lo, Christine Shing Yen; Lui, Macy Mei-Sze; Chan, Edward Hung Tat; Fong, Ambrose Ho-Tung; Yung, Fung Sau; Ching, On Hang; Chiu, Keith Wan-Hang; Chung, Tom Wai Hin; Vardhanbhuti, Varut; Lam, Hiu Yin Sonia; To, Kelvin Kai Wang; Chiu, Jeffrey Long Fung; Lam, Tina Poy Wing; Khong, Pek Lan; Liu, Raymond Wai To; Man Chan, Johnny Wai; Ka Lun Alan, Wu; Lung, Kwok-Cheung; Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai; Lau, Chak Sing; Kuo, Michael D.; Ip, Mary Sau-Man title: Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for COVID-19 Positivity in a Hospital Setting date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.022 sha: doc_id: 297396 cord_uid: r1p7xn3a file: cache/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.json key: cord-297425-vcqqssm8 authors: Aries, James A.; Davies, Jeffrey K.; Auer, Rebecca L.; Hallam, Simon L.; Montoto, Silvia; Smith, Matthew; Sevillano, Belen; Foggo, Vanessa; Wrench, Bela; Zegocki, Krzysztof; Agrawal, Samir; Le Dieu, Rifca; Truelove, Edward; Erblich, Thomas; Araf, Shamzah; Okosun, Jessica; Oakervee, Heather; Cavenagh, Jamie D.; Gribben, John G.; Riches, John C. title: Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato‐oncology Patients date: 2020-05-18 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16852 sha: doc_id: 297425 cord_uid: vcqqssm8 file: cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.json key: cord-297599-y4lu8m4k authors: Luo, Hua; Zhao, Mingming; Tan, Dechao; Liu, Chang; Yang, Lin; Qiu, Ling; Gao, Yan; Yu, Hua title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies date: 2020-10-28 journal: Chin Med DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z sha: doc_id: 297599 cord_uid: y4lu8m4k file: cache/cord-297759-arg71du6.json key: cord-297759-arg71du6 authors: Triantafyllou, Tania; Olson, Michael T.; Theodorou, Dimitrios; Zografos, Georgios; Singhal, Saurabh title: Esophageal cancer: challenges, concerns, and recommendations for management amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0519 sha: doc_id: 297759 cord_uid: arg71du6 file: cache/cord-297638-ab70s980.json key: cord-297638-ab70s980 authors: Stephens, Angela J.; Barton, John R.; Bentum, Nana-Ama Ankumah; Blackwell, Sean C.; Sibai, Baha M. title: General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710308 sha: doc_id: 297638 cord_uid: ab70s980 file: cache/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.json key: cord-297702-vxcj25sn authors: Chen, Yuxin; Tong, Xin; Li, Yang; Gu, Bin; Yan, Jiawei; Liu, Yong; Shen, Han; Huang, Rui; Wu, Chao title: A comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of humoral responses specific to four recombinant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 journal: PLoS Pathog DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008796 sha: doc_id: 297702 cord_uid: vxcj25sn file: cache/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.json key: cord-297513-fxap5sw4 authors: Liu, S. H.; Liu, B.; Li, Y.; Norbury, A. title: Time courses of COVID-19 infection and local variation in socioeconomic and health disparities in England date: 2020-05-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.20116921 sha: doc_id: 297513 cord_uid: fxap5sw4 file: cache/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.json key: cord-297518-6y2uzcde authors: Leulseged, T. W.; Alemahu, D. G.; Hassen, I. S.; Maru, E. H.; Zewde, W. C.; Chamesew, N. W.; Yegile, K. T.; Abebe, D. S.; Abdi, F. M.; Menyelshewa, E. Y.; Gerbi, T. G.; Hagos, H. T. title: Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 sha: doc_id: 297518 cord_uid: 6y2uzcde file: cache/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.json key: cord-297565-m6wnj83d authors: Seese, Laura; Aranda-Michel, Edgar; Sultan, Ibrahim; Morell, Victor O.; Mathier, Michael A.; Mulukutla, Suresh R.; Saba, Samir; Dueweke, Eric J.; Levenson, Joshua E.; Kilic, Arman title: Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-28 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.014 sha: doc_id: 297565 cord_uid: m6wnj83d file: cache/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.json key: cord-297878-c4cq92x8 authors: Ali, Mohammed; Mujahid, Aisha; Sherani, Khalid; Surani, Salim title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a 27-Year-Old Male With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10384 sha: doc_id: 297878 cord_uid: c4cq92x8 file: cache/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.json key: cord-297673-rh8o4eu9 authors: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir; Moayed, Malihe Sadat; Rahimibashar, Farshid; Shojaei, Sajad; Ashtari, Sara; Pourhoseingholi, Mohamad Amin title: Comparison of the severity of psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-08 journal: BMC Psychiatry DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9 sha: doc_id: 297673 cord_uid: rh8o4eu9 file: cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.json key: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v authors: Zou, Li; Dai, Lijun; Zhang, Yangyang; Fu, Wenning; Gao, Yan; Zhang, Zhaohui; Zhang, Zhentao title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00532 sha: doc_id: 297552 cord_uid: n4uvsi3v file: cache/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.json key: cord-297661-62s3bdeu authors: Mahajan, Ruchi; Lipton, Marissa; Broglie, Larisa; Jain, Namrata Gargee; Uy, Natalie Somera title: Eculizumab treatment for renal failure in a pediatric patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 journal: J Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00858-2 sha: doc_id: 297661 cord_uid: 62s3bdeu file: cache/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.json key: cord-297693-lqyc49t6 authors: Samec, Matthew J; Khawaja, Ali; Patel, Ashokakumar M; Dugani, Sagar B title: 80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236069 sha: doc_id: 297693 cord_uid: lqyc49t6 file: cache/cord-297681-m0cckidw.json key: cord-297681-m0cckidw authors: Na, Joo-Young; Noh, Sang Jae; Choi, Min Sung; Park, Jong-Pil title: [Secondary Publication] Standard Operating Procedure for Post-mortem Inspection in a Focus on Coronavirus Disease-19: the Korean Society for Legal Medicine date: 2020-08-13 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e302 sha: doc_id: 297681 cord_uid: m0cckidw file: cache/cord-297825-gfyj52of.json key: cord-297825-gfyj52of authors: de Joode, K.; Dumoulin, D.; Tol, J.; Westgeest, H.; Beerepoot, L.; Van den Berkmortel, F.; Mutsaers, P.; van Diemen, N.; Visser, O.; Bloemendal, H. J.; van Laarhoven, H.; Hendriks, L.; Haanen, J.B.A.G.; de Vries, E.G.E.; Dingemans, A-M.C.; Van der Veldt, A. title: Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-30 journal: Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2320 sha: doc_id: 297825 cord_uid: gfyj52of file: cache/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.json key: cord-297870-m7n43k4p authors: Azevedo, Rafael Bellotti; Botelho, Bruna Gopp; Hollanda, João Victor Gonçalves de; Ferreira, Leonardo Villa Leão; Junqueira de Andrade, Letícia Zarur; Oei, Stephanie Si Min Lilienwald; Mello, Tomás de Souza; Muxfeldt, Elizabeth Silaid title: Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review date: 2020-07-27 journal: J Hum Hypertens DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0387-4 sha: doc_id: 297870 cord_uid: m7n43k4p file: cache/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.json key: cord-297777-lnr4w3ek authors: Rothman, S; Gunturu, S; Korenis, P title: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities date: 2020-06-17 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa203 sha: doc_id: 297777 cord_uid: lnr4w3ek file: cache/cord-298056-svwtfshi.json key: cord-298056-svwtfshi authors: Fabio, Ciceri; Antonella, Castagna; Patrizia, Rovere-Querini; Francesco, De Cobelli; Annalisa, Ruggeri; Laura, Galli; Caterina, Conte; Rebecca, De Lorenzo; Andrea, Poli; Alberto, Ambrosio; Carlo, Signorelli; Eleonora, Bossi; Maria, Fazio; Cristina, Tresoldi; Sergio, Colombo; Giacomo, Monti; Efgeny, Fominskiy; Stefano, Franchini; Marzia, Spessot; Carlo, Martinenghi; Michele, Carlucci; Luigi, Beretta; Maria, Scandroglio Anna; Massimo, Clementi; Massimo, Locatelli; Moreno, Tresoldi; Paolo, Scarpellini; Gianvito, Martino; Emanuele, Bosi; Lorenzo, Dagna; Adriano, Lazzarin; Giovanni, Landoni; Alberto, Zangrillo title: Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy date: 2020-06-12 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108509 sha: doc_id: 298056 cord_uid: svwtfshi file: cache/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.json key: cord-298079-hgdyxk98 authors: Hsu, Jeffrey J.; Al‐Saffar, Farah; Ardehali, Reza; Baas, Arnold S.; Carlson, Margrit; Cruz, Daniel; Deng, Mario; Fan, Ashley; Fraschilla, Stephanie; Gaynor, Pryce; Kamath, Megan; Kubak, Bernard M.; Schaenman, Joanna; Stimpson, Emily; Vucicevic, Darko; Ardehali, Abbas; Nsair, Ali title: Heart Transplantation in the Early Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Single‐Center Case Series date: 2020-07-12 journal: Clin Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14042 sha: doc_id: 298079 cord_uid: hgdyxk98 file: cache/cord-297918-840thddt.json key: cord-297918-840thddt authors: Yilmaz, Umut; Lepper, Philipp M.; Reith, Wolfgang title: COVID-19: neurologische Manifestationen: Was wir bisher wissen date: 2020-09-02 journal: Radiologe DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00748-5 sha: doc_id: 297918 cord_uid: 840thddt file: cache/cord-298163-220l6xhq.json key: cord-298163-220l6xhq authors: Deng, Chu-Xia title: Glucocorticoids save lives in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-07 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49125 sha: doc_id: 298163 cord_uid: 220l6xhq file: cache/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.json key: cord-298094-ctikhqvr authors: Elias, Pierre; Poterucha, Timothy J.; Jain, Sneha S.; Sayer, Gabriel; Raikhelkar, Jayant; Fried, Justin; Clerkin, Kevin; Griffin, Jan; DeFilippis, Ersilia M.; Gupta, Aakriti; Lawlor, Matthew; Madhavan, Mahesh; Rosenblum, Hannah; Roth, Zachary B.; Natarajan, Karthik; Hripcsak, George; Perotte, Adler; Wan, Elaine Y.; Saluja, Deepak; Dizon, Jose; Ehlert, Frederick; Morrow, John P.; Yarmohammadi, Hirad; Kumaraiah, Deepa; Redfors, Bjorn; Gavin, Nicholas; Kirtane, Ajay; Rabbani, Leroy; Burkhoff, Dan; Moses, Jeffrey; Schwartz, Allan; Leon, Martin; Uriel, Nir title: The Prognostic Value of Electrocardiogram at Presentation to Emergency Department in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 298094 cord_uid: ctikhqvr file: cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.json key: cord-298156-d0pb1kik authors: Cheval, Sorin; Mihai Adamescu, Cristian; Georgiadis, Teodoro; Herrnegger, Mathew; Piticar, Adrian; Legates, David R. title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date: 2020-06-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114140 sha: doc_id: 298156 cord_uid: d0pb1kik file: cache/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.json key: cord-297886-kxb17zx4 authors: Kluger, Dan M.; Aizenbud, Yariv; Jaffe, Ariel; Parisi, Fabio; Aizenbud, Lilach; Minsky-Fenick, Eyal; Kluger, Jonathan M.; Farhadian, Shelli; Kluger, Harriet M.; Kluger, Yuval title: Impact of healthcare worker shift scheduling on workforce preservation during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.337 sha: doc_id: 297886 cord_uid: kxb17zx4 file: cache/cord-298012-yfzosrok.json key: cord-298012-yfzosrok authors: Harrison, Stephanie L.; Fazio-Eynullayeva, Elnara; Lane, Deirdre A.; Underhill, Paula; Lip, Gregory Y. H. title: Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A federated electronic medical record analysis date: 2020-09-10 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003321 sha: doc_id: 298012 cord_uid: yfzosrok file: cache/cord-297635-higq7wje.json key: cord-297635-higq7wje authors: Bahn, Kate; Cohen, Jennifer; van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana title: A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally date: 2020-05-07 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12459 sha: doc_id: 297635 cord_uid: higq7wje file: cache/cord-298191-sqfx171j.json key: cord-298191-sqfx171j authors: Ga, Hyuk; Won, Chang Won; Lee, Eunju; Kim, Chang Oh; Jang, Il-Young; Jang, Hak Chul; Cho, Hang-Suk; Kim, Sun-wook title: The Korean Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Strategy for Older Adults date: 2020-06-26 journal: Ann Geriatr Med Res DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0031 sha: doc_id: 298191 cord_uid: sqfx171j file: cache/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.json key: cord-297757-3pvstiz6 authors: Sominsky, Luba; Walker, David W.; Spencer, Sarah J. title: One size does not fit all – Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters date: 2020-03-20 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.016 sha: doc_id: 297757 cord_uid: 3pvstiz6 file: cache/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.json key: cord-297965-3bdv6ady authors: Lee, Sun Young; Song, Kyoung Jun; Lim, Chun Soo; Kim, Byeong Gwan; Chai, Young Jun; Lee, Jung-Kyu; Kim, Su Hwan; Lim, Hyouk Jae title: Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e367 sha: doc_id: 297965 cord_uid: 3bdv6ady file: cache/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.json key: cord-298127-zp8kze6t authors: Shao, Fei; Sun, Peng; Tang, Ziren title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience date: 2020-05-11 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 298127 cord_uid: zp8kze6t file: cache/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.json key: cord-298090-9b3d33ih authors: Charlier, P; Donell, S; Lippi, D; Nerlich, A; Asensi, V; Perciaccante, A; Appenzeller, O; Bianucci, R title: L’hydroxy-chloroquine pour traiter les patients infectés du COVID-19: quelques leçons d'an-thropologie médicale et d'histoire de la médecine date: 2020-08-27 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100587 sha: doc_id: 298090 cord_uid: 9b3d33ih file: cache/cord-298185-w37nvorf.json key: cord-298185-w37nvorf authors: Cao, Kai; Kline, Brad; Han, Ying; Ying, Gui-shuang; Wang, Ning Li title: Current Evidence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Ocular Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-24 journal: Biomed Res Int DOI: 10.1155/2020/7605453 sha: doc_id: 298185 cord_uid: w37nvorf file: cache/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.json key: cord-298257-uptgv2xv authors: Cheng, Wenwen; Li, Yufeng; Cui, Liyan; Chen, Ying; Shan, Sharui; Xiao, Duan; Chen, Xiaoyun; Chen, Zhuoming; Xu, Anding title: Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-09 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571156 sha: doc_id: 298257 cord_uid: uptgv2xv file: cache/cord-298258-satk2t9z.json key: cord-298258-satk2t9z authors: Kahwash, Basil M.; Deshpande, Deepti R.; Guo, Canting; Panganiban, Christine M.; Wangberg, Hannah; Craig, Timothy J. title: Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.036 sha: doc_id: 298258 cord_uid: satk2t9z file: cache/cord-298200-rjlya399.json key: cord-298200-rjlya399 authors: De los Santos, J. A. A.; Labrague, L. J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intentions of Frontline Nurses in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Philippines date: 2020-08-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.20167411 sha: doc_id: 298200 cord_uid: rjlya399 file: cache/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.json key: cord-298006-4g4eh5un authors: Giones, Ferran; Brem, Alexander; Pollack, Jeffrey M.; Michaelis, Timothy L.; Klyver, Kim; Brinckmann, Jan title: Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-30 journal: Journal of Business Venturing Insights DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00186 sha: doc_id: 298006 cord_uid: 4g4eh5un file: cache/cord-298287-larzpygd.json key: cord-298287-larzpygd authors: Bhat, Shubha; Farraye, Francis A.; Moss, Alan C. title: Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000787 sha: doc_id: 298287 cord_uid: larzpygd file: cache/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.json key: cord-298311-5vlycjbj authors: Hur, Jian; Chang, Min Cheol title: Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Med Syst DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01586-7 sha: doc_id: 298311 cord_uid: 5vlycjbj file: cache/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.json key: cord-298325-2gm4fnqi authors: Shah, Sonia; Majmudar, Kaushal; Stein, Amy; Gupta, Nita; Suppes, Spencer; Karamanis, Marina; Capannari, Joseph; Sethi, Sanjay; Patte, Christine title: Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization date: 2020-06-17 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/acem.14053 sha: doc_id: 298325 cord_uid: 2gm4fnqi file: cache/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.json key: cord-298327-j04nyg5y authors: Lv, Zhihua; Cheng, Shaohua; Le, Juan; Huang, Jingtao; Feng, Lina; Zhang, Binghong; Li, Yan title: Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-18 journal: Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 298327 cord_uid: j04nyg5y file: cache/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.json key: cord-298281-wkje5jyt authors: Chan, Vinson Wai-Shun; Chiu, Peter Ka-Fung; Yee, Chi-Hang; Yuan, Yuhong; Ng, Chi-Fai; Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun title: A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions date: 2020-05-27 journal: World J Urol DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03246-4 sha: doc_id: 298281 cord_uid: wkje5jyt file: cache/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.json key: cord-298343-nvuc1j7t authors: Ma, J.; Qi, X.; Chen, H.; Li, X.; Zhan, Z.; Wang, H.; Sun, L.; Zhang, L.; Guo, J.; Morawska, L.; Grinshpun, S. A.; Biswas, P.; Flagan, R. C.; Yao, M. title: Exhaled breath is a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 emission date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20115154 sha: doc_id: 298343 cord_uid: nvuc1j7t file: cache/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.json key: cord-298440-0pb8ssj2 authors: Rascón-Ramírez, Fernando J; Carrascosa-Granada, Ángela María; Vargas-Jiménez, Andrés Camilo; Ferrández-Pujante, Borja; Francisco, Ortuño-Andériz title: Supra and infratentorial massive strokes in previously healthy young patients with SARS-CoV-2. The role of neurosurgery date: 2020-09-06 journal: Neurocirugia (Astur) DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 298440 cord_uid: 0pb8ssj2 file: cache/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.json key: cord-298640-zwg8ueyb authors: Smereka, Jacek; Szarpak, Lukasz title: The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.028 sha: doc_id: 298640 cord_uid: zwg8ueyb file: cache/cord-298536-kksivbh8.json key: cord-298536-kksivbh8 authors: Lahav, Yael title: Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 – The Contribution of Continuous Traumatic Stress date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.141 sha: doc_id: 298536 cord_uid: kksivbh8 file: cache/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.json key: cord-298301-p1zj6jg9 authors: Dey, Lopamudra; Chakraborty, Sanjay; Mukhopadhyay, Anirban title: Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins date: 2020-09-03 journal: Biomed J DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 298301 cord_uid: p1zj6jg9 file: cache/cord-298426-hhly45md.json key: cord-298426-hhly45md authors: Zhang, Shan-Yan; Lian, Jiang-Shan; Hu, Jian-Hua; Zhang, Xiao-Li; Lu, Ying-Feng; Cai, Huan; Gu, Jue-Qing; Ye, Chan-Yuan; Jin, Ci-Liang; Yu, Guo-Dong; Jia, Hong-Yu; Zhang, Yi-Min; Sheng, Ji-Fang; Li, Lan-Juan; Yang, Yi-Da title: Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-07-08 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00710-6 sha: doc_id: 298426 cord_uid: hhly45md file: cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.json key: cord-298639-v9yg80jw authors: Chen, Yuxin; Tong, Xin; Wang, Jian; Huang, Weijin; Yin, Shengxia; Huang, Rui; Yang, Hailong; Chen, Yong; Huang, Aijun; Liu, Yong; Chen, Yan; Yuan, Ling; Yan, Xiaomin; Shen, Han; Wu, Chao title: High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.067 sha: doc_id: 298639 cord_uid: v9yg80jw file: cache/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.json key: cord-298461-tyhtdawb authors: Zhao, L.; Qi, Y.; Luzzatto-Fegiz, P.; Cui, Y.; Zhu, Y. title: COVID-19: Effects of weather conditions on the propagation of respiratory droplets date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111963 sha: doc_id: 298461 cord_uid: tyhtdawb file: cache/cord-298295-epxd03pt.json key: cord-298295-epxd03pt authors: Eckermann, M.; Frohn, J.; Reichardt, M.; Osterhoff, M.; Sprung, M.; Westermeier, F.; Tzankov, A.; Werlein, C.; Kuehnel, M.; Jonigk, D.; Salditt, T. title: 3d Virtual Patho-Histology of Lung Tissue from Covid-19 Patients based on Phase Contrast X-ray Tomography date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.21.20134882 sha: doc_id: 298295 cord_uid: epxd03pt file: cache/cord-298372-4pw1y404.json key: cord-298372-4pw1y404 authors: Koch, Lionel; Lopes, Anne-Aurelie; Maiguy, Avelina; Guillier, Sophie; Guillier, Laurent; Tournier, Jean-Nicolas; Biot, Fabrice title: Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin? date: 2020-08-18 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020317 sha: doc_id: 298372 cord_uid: 4pw1y404 file: cache/cord-298682-5heb9biz.json key: cord-298682-5heb9biz authors: Stephen, Shine; Issac, Alwin; Jacob, Jaison; Vijay, VR; Radhakrishnan, Rakesh Vadakkethil; Krishnan, Nadiya title: COVID-19: Weighing the Endeavors of Nations, with Time to Event Analysis date: 2020-08-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.02 sha: doc_id: 298682 cord_uid: 5heb9biz file: cache/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.json key: cord-298774-l4jwlc8p authors: Li, Haomin; Yu, Gang; Duan, Huilong; Fu, JunFen; Shu, Qiang title: Changes in Children’s Healthcare Visits During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 298774 cord_uid: l4jwlc8p file: cache/cord-298886-xidaim04.json key: cord-298886-xidaim04 authors: Leszczyński, Piotr title: COVID-19: a short message to rheumatologists date: 2020-06-29 journal: Reumatologia DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.96685 sha: doc_id: 298886 cord_uid: xidaim04 file: cache/cord-298557-85e0l8or.json key: cord-298557-85e0l8or authors: Bellido, Virginia; Pérez, Antonio title: CONSECUENCIAS DE LA COVID-19 SOBRE LAS PERSONAS CON DIABETES date: 2020-05-11 journal: Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 298557 cord_uid: 85e0l8or file: cache/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.json key: cord-298679-w0yp4u19 authors: Iftimie, Simona; López-Azcona, Ana F.; Vicente-Miralles, Manuel; Descarrega-Reina, Ramon; Hernández-Aguilera, Anna; Riu, Francesc; Simó, Josep M.; Garrido, Pedro; Joven, Jorge; Camps, Jordi; Castro, Antoni title: Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prospective, longitudinal, unicenter study in Reus, Spain date: 2020-09-03 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234452 sha: doc_id: 298679 cord_uid: w0yp4u19 file: cache/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.json key: cord-298867-hzshnq7b authors: Raham, T. F. title: Impact of Duration of Cessation of Mass BCG Vaccination Programs on Covid -19 Mortality date: 2020-08-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178889 sha: doc_id: 298867 cord_uid: hzshnq7b file: cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.json key: cord-298475-3bhiattk authors: Farmaki, Anna; Miguel, Cristina; Drotarova, Maria Hadjielia; Aleksić, Ana; Časni, Anita Čeh; Efthymiadou, Fani title: Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date: 2020-09-03 journal: Int J Hosp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663 sha: doc_id: 298475 cord_uid: 3bhiattk file: cache/cord-298725-da71febn.json key: cord-298725-da71febn authors: Okuhama, Ayako; Ishikane, Masahiro; Katagiri, Daisuke; Kanda, Kohei; Nakamoto, Takato; Kinoshita, Noriko; Nunose, Naoto; Fukaya, Takashi; Kondo, Isao; Katano, Harutaka; Suzuki, Tadaki; Ohmagari, Norio; Hinoshita, Fumihiko title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan date: 2020-11-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2611.201956 sha: doc_id: 298725 cord_uid: da71febn file: cache/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.json key: cord-298676-8wm95ghd authors: Choudhery, Mahmood S; Harris, David T title: Stem Cell Therapy for Covid‐19: Possibilities and Challenges date: 2020-08-07 journal: Cell Biol Int DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11440 sha: doc_id: 298676 cord_uid: 8wm95ghd file: cache/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.json key: cord-298686-cpuw9ev4 authors: Nuno‐Gonzalez, A.; Martin‐Carrillo, P.; Magaletsky, K.; Martin Rios, M.D.; Herranz Mañas, C.; Artigas Almazan, J.; García Casasola, G.; Perez Castro, E.; Gallego Arenas, A.; Mayor Ibarguren, A.; Feito Rodríguez, M.; Lozano Masdemont, B.; Beato, M.; Ruiz Bravo, E.; Oliver, P.; Montero Vega, M.D.; Herranz Pinto, P. title: Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-24 journal: Br J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19564 sha: doc_id: 298686 cord_uid: cpuw9ev4 file: cache/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.json key: cord-298654-sb9kevkb authors: Yang, Xiang-Hong; Li, Ran-Ran; Sun, Ren-Hua; Liu, Jiao; Chen, De-Chang title: Focus on coronavirus disease 2019 associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-20 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001019 sha: doc_id: 298654 cord_uid: sb9kevkb file: cache/cord-298817-q29br2o5.json key: cord-298817-q29br2o5 authors: Ribera, Aida; Ferré, Josepa Mauri; Romaguera, Rafael title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Respuesta date: 2020-09-03 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 298817 cord_uid: q29br2o5 file: cache/cord-298663-t4aui90j.json key: cord-298663-t4aui90j authors: Zhang, Qiongshuai; Cao, Fang; Wang, Yufeng; Xu, Xiaohong; Sun, Yihan; Li, Jiannan; Qi, Xun; Sun, Shaoqian; Ji, Guangcheng; Song, Bailin title: The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-06-12 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020531 sha: doc_id: 298663 cord_uid: t4aui90j file: cache/cord-298846-qb0frju1.json key: cord-298846-qb0frju1 authors: Waszkiewicz, Napoleon title: Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26273 sha: doc_id: 298846 cord_uid: qb0frju1 file: cache/cord-298915-g1u9jods.json key: cord-298915-g1u9jods authors: Chen, Y.; Ouyang, L.; Bao, S.; Li, Q.; Han, L.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, B.; Xu, M.; Liu, J.; Ge, Y.; Chen, S. title: An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Severe vs Non-severe COVID-19 Clinical Type Classification date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105841 sha: doc_id: 298915 cord_uid: g1u9jods file: cache/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.json key: cord-298505-r7ihqb96 authors: Górski, Andrzej; Borysowski, Jan; Międzybrodzki, Ryszard title: Sepsis, Phages, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100844 sha: doc_id: 298505 cord_uid: r7ihqb96 file: cache/cord-298866-dzatps7b.json key: cord-298866-dzatps7b authors: Licskai, Christopher; Yang, Connie L.; Ducharme, Francine M.; Radhakrishnan, Dhenuka; Podgers, Delanya; Ramsey, Clare; Samanta, Tania; Côté, Andréanne; Mahdavian, Masoud; Lougheed, M. Diane title: Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society’s Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.551 sha: doc_id: 298866 cord_uid: dzatps7b file: cache/cord-298600-cnolne6k.json key: cord-298600-cnolne6k authors: Majeed, Talal; Ali, Romassa Siddiq; Solomon, Joshua; Mesri, Mina; Sharma, Shiv; Shamim, Sarah; Aiynattu, Sony; Ishak, Rafik; Wilson, Jeremy; Magee, Conor title: The Role of the Computed Tomography (CT) Thorax in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 for Patients Presenting with Acute Surgical Emergencies. A Single Institute Experience date: 2020-10-20 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02626-9 sha: doc_id: 298600 cord_uid: cnolne6k file: cache/cord-298763-u5xn392m.json key: cord-298763-u5xn392m authors: Mutala, Timothy Musila; Onyambu, Callen Kwamboka; Aywak, Angeline Anyona title: Radiology practice in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 outbreak: points to consider date: 2020-09-07 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.28.23081 sha: doc_id: 298763 cord_uid: u5xn392m file: cache/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.json key: cord-298778-wnbqqzot authors: Hamza, Marwa S.; Badary, Osama A.; Elmazar, Mohamed M. title: Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00859-z sha: doc_id: 298778 cord_uid: wnbqqzot file: cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.json key: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 authors: Huang, Ian; Lim, Michael Anthonius; Pranata, Raymond title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 298881 cord_uid: u6uqroi0 file: cache/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.json key: cord-298925-4wb7kayl authors: Ahmed, Sakir; Zimba, Olena; Gasparyan, Armen Yuri title: Moving towards online rheumatology education in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05405-9 sha: doc_id: 298925 cord_uid: 4wb7kayl file: cache/cord-298744-paippv15.json key: cord-298744-paippv15 authors: Biddlestone, Mikey; Green, Ricky; Douglas, Karen M. title: Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 journal: Br J Soc Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12397 sha: doc_id: 298744 cord_uid: paippv15 file: cache/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.json key: cord-298894-t5hyfum3 authors: Rifino, Nicola; Censori, Bruno; Agazzi, Emanuela; Alimonti, Dario; Bonito, Virginio; Camera, Giorgia; Conti, Marta Zaffira; Foresti, Camillo; Frigeni, Barbara; Gerevini, Simonetta; Grimoldi, Maria; La Gioia, Sara; Partziguian, Tania; Quadri, Stefano; Riva, Riccardo; Servalli, Maria Cristina; Sgarzi, Manlio; Storti, Benedetta; Vedovello, Marcella; Venturelli, Elisabetta; Viganò, Martina; Callegaro, Annapaola; Arosio, Marco; Sessa, Maria title: Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy date: 2020-10-07 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10251-5 sha: doc_id: 298894 cord_uid: t5hyfum3 file: cache/cord-298991-5qae0ege.json key: cord-298991-5qae0ege authors: Aiello, Francesco; Gallo Afflitto, Gabriele; Mancino, Raffaele; Li, Ji-Peng Olivia; Cesareo, Massimo; Giannini, Clarissa; Nucci, Carlo title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review date: 2020-05-18 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0926-9 sha: doc_id: 298991 cord_uid: 5qae0ege file: cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.json key: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr authors: Xie, Yewei; Wang, Zaisheng; Liao, Huipeng; Marley, Gifty; Wu, Dan; Tang, Weiming title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2 sha: doc_id: 298899 cord_uid: lkrmg5qr file: cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.json key: cord-299018-eo73yl4v authors: Gandini, O.; Criniti, A.; Ballesio, L.; Giglio, S.; Galardo, G.; Gianni, W.; Santoro, L.; Angeloni, A.; Lubrano, C. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 299018 cord_uid: eo73yl4v file: cache/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.json key: cord-299102-4bwtg6xz authors: Novara, Giacomo; Bartoletti, Riccardo; Crestani, Alessandro; De Nunzio, Cosimo; Durante, Jacopo; Gregori, Andrea; Liguori, Giovanni; Pavan, Nicola; Trombetta, Carlo; Simonato, Alchiede; Tubaro, Andrea; Ficarra, Vincenzo; Porpiglia, Francesco title: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy date: 2020-05-30 journal: BJU Int DOI: 10.1111/bju.15107 sha: doc_id: 299102 cord_uid: 4bwtg6xz file: cache/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.json key: cord-298918-o1bmulz3 authors: Khosrawipour, Veria; Lau, Hien; Khosrawipour, Tanja; Kocbach, Piotr; Ichii, Hirohito; Bania, Jacek; Mikolajczyk, Agata title: Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID‐19 epicenters date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25883 sha: doc_id: 298918 cord_uid: o1bmulz3 file: cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.json key: cord-299082-s8bm40vy authors: Wang, Yueying; Wang, Zhaojia; Tse, Gary; Zhang, Lin; Wan, Elaine Y.; Guo, Yutao; Lip, Gregory Y. H.; Li, Guangping; Lu, Zhibing; Liu, Tong title: Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-26 journal: J Arrhythm DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12405 sha: doc_id: 299082 cord_uid: s8bm40vy file: cache/cord-299144-yprqlgju.json key: cord-299144-yprqlgju authors: Lin, Shaowei; Wei, Donghong; Sun, Yi; Chen, Kun; Yang, Le; Liu, Bang; Huang, Qing; Bastos Paoliello, Monica Maria; Li, Huangyuan; Wu, Siying title: Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China date: 2020-08-05 journal: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111035 sha: doc_id: 299144 cord_uid: yprqlgju file: cache/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.json key: cord-298914-d6k3tagt authors: Samuels, Elizabeth A.; Clark, Seth A.; Wunsch, Caroline; Keeler, Lee Ann Jordison; Reddy, Neha; Vanjani, Rahul; Wightman, Rachel S. title: Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Addict Med DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000685 sha: doc_id: 298914 cord_uid: d6k3tagt file: cache/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.json key: cord-299021-dbu05gyy authors: Semedo, Edimir; Kapel, Gijs F; van Opstal, Jurren; van Dessel, Pascal F H M title: Drug-induced ‘Torsade de Pointes’ in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report date: 2020-07-21 journal: Eur Heart J Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa218 sha: doc_id: 299021 cord_uid: dbu05gyy file: cache/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.json key: cord-299044-j7txbt1n authors: Gravas, Stavros; Ahmad, Mumtaz; Hernández-Porras, Andrés; Furriel, Frederico; Alvarez-Maestro, Mario; Kumar, Anant; Lee, Kyu-Sung; Azodoh, Evaristus; Mburugu, Patrick; Sanchez-Salas, Rafael; Bolton, Damien; Gomez, Reynaldo; Klotz, Laurence; Kulkarni, Sanjay; Tanguay, Simon; Elliott, Sean; de la Rosette, Jean title: Impact of COVID-19 on medical education: introducing homo digitalis date: 2020-08-29 journal: World J Urol DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03417-3 sha: doc_id: 299044 cord_uid: j7txbt1n file: cache/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.json key: cord-298777-hit7rs6q authors: Zhang, Linjie; Peres, Tyele G.; Silva, Marcus V. F.; Camargos, Paulo title: What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta‐analysis of 551 laboratory‐confirmed cases date: 2020-06-10 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24869 sha: doc_id: 298777 cord_uid: hit7rs6q file: cache/cord-298865-5pe33eos.json key: cord-298865-5pe33eos authors: Yang, Tuo-Yun; Li, Yuan-Chao; Wang, Si-Cong; Dai, Qing-Qing; Jiang, Xue-Song; Zuo, Shu; Jia, Liu; Zheng, Jun-Bo; Wang, Hong-Liang title: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series date: 2020-07-26 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i14.2950 sha: doc_id: 298865 cord_uid: 5pe33eos file: cache/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.json key: cord-298967-vjyh1xvh authors: Bertossi, Dario; Mohsahebi, Ash; Philippe Dormstrom,; Heidenrich, Izolda; Pirayesh, Ali; D’Souza, Alwyn; Saleh, Hesham; Yavuzer, Rezha; Fakih, Nabil; Vent, Julia; Rahman, Eqram; Kapoor, Krishan Mohan title: Safety guidelines for non‐surgical facial procedures during covid‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-07 journal: J Cosmet Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13530 sha: doc_id: 298967 cord_uid: vjyh1xvh file: cache/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.json key: cord-299099-e1ajjte6 authors: Brunese, Luca; Martinelli, Fabio; Mercaldo, Francesco; Santone, Antonella title: Machine learning for coronavirus covid-19 detection from chest x-rays date: 2020-12-31 journal: Procedia Computer Science DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.258 sha: doc_id: 299099 cord_uid: e1ajjte6 file: cache/cord-299155-94jplecb.json key: cord-299155-94jplecb authors: Sharma, Dhruva title: Rationale of anticoagulation among patients of COVID-19 undergoing cardiac surgery date: 2020-07-21 journal: Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-00989-y sha: doc_id: 299155 cord_uid: 94jplecb file: cache/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.json key: cord-299139-ze8qtnxe authors: Higbee, D. H.; Nava, G.; Kwong, A. S. F.; Dodd, J. W.; Granell, R. title: The impact of asthma on mental health & wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-09-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20190793 sha: doc_id: 299139 cord_uid: ze8qtnxe file: cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.json key: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 authors: Riou, Marianne; Marcot, Christophe; Canuet, Matthieu; Renaud-Picard, Benjamin; Chatron, Eva; Porzio, Michele; Dégot, Tristan; Hirschi, Sandrine; Metz-Favre, Carine; Kassegne, Loïc; Ederle, Carole; Khayath, Naji; Labani, Aissam; Leyendecker, Pierre; Blay, Frédéric De; Kessler, Romain title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 journal: Respir Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100801 sha: doc_id: 299104 cord_uid: kb5gsig5 file: cache/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.json key: cord-299093-zp07aqpm authors: Harrison, Andrew G.; Lin, Tao; Wang, Penghua title: Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis date: 2020-10-14 journal: Trends Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 299093 cord_uid: zp07aqpm file: cache/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.json key: cord-299308-gza1pwx6 authors: Laxminarayan, Ramanan; John, T. Jacob title: Is Gradual and Controlled Approach to Herd Protection a Valid Strategy to Curb the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-06 journal: Indian Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1844-4 sha: doc_id: 299308 cord_uid: gza1pwx6 file: cache/cord-298936-76xurcof.json key: cord-298936-76xurcof authors: Yanguas, Xavier; Dominguez, David; Ferrer, Eva; Florit, Daniel; Mourtabib, Youssef; Rodas, Gil title: Returning to Sport during the Covid-19 pandemic: The sports physicians’ role date: 2020-06-30 journal: Apunts Sports Medicine DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 298936 cord_uid: 76xurcof file: cache/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.json key: cord-299237-pdkxqf3h authors: Pericàs, Juan M; Torrallardona‐Murphy, Orla; Arenas, Andrea; Valero, Helena; Nicolás, David title: Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13293 sha: doc_id: 299237 cord_uid: pdkxqf3h file: cache/cord-299350-db8w79g8.json key: cord-299350-db8w79g8 authors: Gibson, Cody V.; Ventura, Christian A.; Collier, George D. title: Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey date: 2020-05-03 journal: Heliyon DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03900 sha: doc_id: 299350 cord_uid: db8w79g8 file: cache/cord-299309-p703e396.json key: cord-299309-p703e396 authors: Tan-Torres Edejer, Tessa; Hanssen, Odd; Mirelman, Andrew; Verboom, Paul; Lolong, Glenn; Watson, Oliver John; Boulanger, Lucy Linda; Soucat, Agnès title: Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study date: 2020-09-09 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30383-1 sha: doc_id: 299309 cord_uid: p703e396 file: cache/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.json key: cord-299326-uqwkhczx authors: Tang, Chong; Zhang, Keshi; Wang, Wenlong; Pei, Zheng; Liu, Zheng; Yuan, Ping; Guan, Zhenpeng; Gu, Jin title: Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070565 sha: doc_id: 299326 cord_uid: uqwkhczx file: cache/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.json key: cord-299116-1agfnjvq authors: Bunders, Madeleine; Altfeld, Marcus title: Implications of sex differences in immunity for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and design of therapeutic interventions date: 2020-08-17 journal: Immunity DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 299116 cord_uid: 1agfnjvq file: cache/cord-299025-9bcploh4.json key: cord-299025-9bcploh4 authors: Dean, Preston; Zhang, Yin; Frey, Mary; Shah, Ashish; Edmunds, Katherine; Boyd, Stephanie; Schwartz, Hamilton; Frey, Theresa; Stalets, Erika; Schaffzin, Joshua; Vukovic, Adam A.; Reeves, Scott; Masur, Tonya; Kerrey, Benjamin title: The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12220 sha: doc_id: 299025 cord_uid: 9bcploh4 file: cache/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.json key: cord-299141-vxvqs5kh authors: Ma, Xiao-Peng; Wang, Huan; Bai, Da-Ming; Zou, Yu; Zhou, Shao-Ming; Wen, Fei-Qiu; Dai, Dong-Ling title: Prevention program for the COVID-19 in a children’s digestive endoscopy center date: 2020-04-26 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i8.1343 sha: doc_id: 299141 cord_uid: vxvqs5kh file: cache/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.json key: cord-299324-0hzlvwfn authors: Koeberle, Séverine; Tannou, Thomas; Bouiller, Kévin; Becoulet, Nicolas; Outrey, Justin; Chirouze, Catherine; Aubry, Régis title: COVID 19 outbreak: organisation of a geriatric assessment and coordination unit. A French example date: 2020-05-06 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa092 sha: doc_id: 299324 cord_uid: 0hzlvwfn file: cache/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.json key: cord-299107-0rd2uj4r authors: Kadi, Nadjat; Khelfaoui, Mounia title: Population density, a factor in the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria: statistic study date: 2020-08-20 journal: Bull Natl Res Cent DOI: 10.1186/s42269-020-00393-x sha: doc_id: 299107 cord_uid: 0rd2uj4r file: cache/cord-299159-cxktdaws.json key: cord-299159-cxktdaws authors: Boelig, Rupsa C.; Saccone, Gabriele; Bellussi, Federica; Berghella, Vincenzo title: MFM Guidance for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-19 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100106 sha: doc_id: 299159 cord_uid: cxktdaws file: cache/cord-299312-asc120pn.json key: cord-299312-asc120pn authors: Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H.A.; Shahzad, Muhammad; Ali, Mehboob; Sultan, Faisal title: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the COVID–19 Pandemic Model date: 2020-05-25 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109932 sha: doc_id: 299312 cord_uid: asc120pn file: cache/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.json key: cord-299407-wuug8jjv authors: Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R.; Hervey, Ashley M.; Neil, Tara; Kuhlmann, Stephanie; Kuhlmann, Zachary title: Concerns of Women regarding Pregnancy and Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 journal: Patient Educ Couns DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031 sha: doc_id: 299407 cord_uid: wuug8jjv file: cache/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.json key: cord-299469-lqro7t7a authors: Tan, Eng-King; Albanese, Alberto; Chaudhuri, K. Ray; Opal, Puneet; Wu, Vincent Yun-Cheng; Chan, Christine Hui-Shan; Jeon, Beomseok; Truong, Daniel; Poewe, Werner; Tan, Louis; Pal, Pramod; Colosimo, Carlo; Lim, Shen-Yang; Jinnah, H.A.; Cardoso, Francisco title: Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117105 sha: doc_id: 299469 cord_uid: lqro7t7a file: cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.json key: cord-299346-f13xly6q authors: Awad, Mohamed E.; Rumley, Jacob C.L.; Vazquez, Jose A.; Devine, John G. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Orthop Surg DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00227 sha: doc_id: 299346 cord_uid: f13xly6q file: cache/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.json key: cord-299274-gnbp7so5 authors: Bodkin, Claire; Mokashi, Vaibhav; Beal, Kerry; Wiwcharuk, Jill; Lennox, Robin; Guenter, Dale; Smieja, Marek; O’Shea, Timothy title: Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings date: 2020-06-08 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa743 sha: doc_id: 299274 cord_uid: gnbp7so5 file: cache/cord-299261-ew99nraq.json key: cord-299261-ew99nraq authors: Cipriano, L. E.; Haddara, W. M. R.; Zaric, G. S.; Enns, E. A. title: IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY RE-OPENING ON TOTAL COMMUNITY COVID-19 BURDEN date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197467 sha: doc_id: 299261 cord_uid: ew99nraq file: cache/cord-299277-ana68vpf.json key: cord-299277-ana68vpf authors: Horn, Sarah R.; Weston, Sara J.; Fisher, Philip A. title: Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models date: 2020-05-29 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.066 sha: doc_id: 299277 cord_uid: ana68vpf file: cache/cord-299375-ve4lag21.json key: cord-299375-ve4lag21 authors: Yang, Yichang title: Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution date: 2020-05-15 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31143-0 sha: doc_id: 299375 cord_uid: ve4lag21 file: cache/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.json key: cord-299156-1dwsm3ie authors: Shemer, Asaf; Einan-Lifshitz, Adi; Itah, Amir; Dubinsky-Pertzov, Biana; Pras, Eran; Hecht, Idan title: Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical and molecular analysis date: 2020-09-14 journal: Int Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01592-1 sha: doc_id: 299156 cord_uid: 1dwsm3ie file: cache/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.json key: cord-299333-qu0bmov5 authors: Reddy, Gireesh B.; Greif, Dylan N.; Rodriguez, Jose; Best, Thomas M.; Greditzer, Harry G.; Jose, Jean title: Clinical Characteristics and Multisystem Imaging Findings of COVID-19: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons date: 2020-08-17 journal: HSS J DOI: 10.1007/s11420-020-09775-3 sha: doc_id: 299333 cord_uid: qu0bmov5 file: cache/cord-299465-c7ki3061.json key: cord-299465-c7ki3061 authors: Mallow, P. J.; Jones, M. title: When Second Best Might be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098475 sha: doc_id: 299465 cord_uid: c7ki3061 file: cache/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.json key: cord-299495-1z4udo3d authors: Rajendram, Rajkumar; Kharal, Ghulam Abbas; Mahmood, Naveed; Kharal, Mubashar title: Identifying phenotypes of COVID-19, defining their pathogenesis, and targeting treatments could improve outcomes date: 2020-06-24 journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103477 sha: doc_id: 299495 cord_uid: 1z4udo3d file: cache/cord-299499-66qh3r75.json key: cord-299499-66qh3r75 authors: Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent; Benzekri, Adam; Thimm-Kaiser, Marco; Hidalgo, Andrew; Perlman, David C title: Reconsidering assumptions of adolescent and young adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics date: 2020-09-07 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1348 sha: doc_id: 299499 cord_uid: 66qh3r75 file: cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.json key: cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 authors: Aucejo, Esteban M.; French, Jacob; Araya, Maria Paola Ugalde; Zafar, Basit title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Public Econ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271 sha: doc_id: 299547 cord_uid: 9i8kv8p8 file: cache/cord-299501-07echrdh.json key: cord-299501-07echrdh authors: Ould Setti, M.; Voutilainen, A. title: Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data date: 2020-10-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209064 sha: doc_id: 299501 cord_uid: 07echrdh file: cache/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.json key: cord-299544-r3cqvf0c authors: de Souza, T. H.; Nadal, J. A.; Nogueira, R. J. N.; Pereira, R. M.; Brandao, M. B. title: Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-04-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049833 sha: doc_id: 299544 cord_uid: r3cqvf0c file: cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.json key: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 authors: Arthi, Vellore; Parman, John title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 journal: Explor Econ Hist DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381 sha: doc_id: 299613 cord_uid: 5ju5fcf4 file: cache/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.json key: cord-299567-tlnvqah3 authors: Irfan, M.; Shahudin, F.; HOOPER, V.; Akram, W.; Ghani, R. title: The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220723 sha: doc_id: 299567 cord_uid: tlnvqah3 file: cache/cord-299882-ee5wathm.json key: cord-299882-ee5wathm authors: Hsiehchen, David; Espinoza, Magdalena; Hsieh, Antony title: Deficiencies in the designs and interventions of COVID-19 clinical trials date: 2020-07-04 journal: Med (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.007 sha: doc_id: 299882 cord_uid: ee5wathm file: cache/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.json key: cord-299845-ql3tvot5 authors: Janani, Leila; Hajebi, Ahmad; Nazari, Hajar; Esmailzadehha, Neda; Molaeipour, Leila; Varse, Fatemeh; Eftekhar, Mehrdad; Betsch, Cornelia; Motevalian, Seyed Abbas title: COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: Med J Islam Repub Iran DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.52 sha: doc_id: 299845 cord_uid: ql3tvot5 file: cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.json key: cord-299650-lhphdjeu authors: Whittle, John; Molinger, Jeroen; MacLeod, David; Haines, Krista; Wischmeyer, Paul E. title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 sha: doc_id: 299650 cord_uid: lhphdjeu file: cache/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.json key: cord-299570-1xz5r95f authors: Martínez-García, M; Bal-Alvarado, M; Santos Guerra, F; Ares-Rico, R; Suárez-Gil, R; Rodríguez-Álvarez, A; Pérez-López, A; Casariego-Vales, E title: Telemedicina con telemonitorización en el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: Rev Clin Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 299570 cord_uid: 1xz5r95f file: cache/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.json key: cord-299599-y18iv3zq authors: Ojinnaka, Chinedum O.; Adepoju, Omolola E.; Burgess, Anh Vi; Woodard, LeChauncy title: Factors Associated with COVID-Related Mortality: the Case of Texas date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00913-5 sha: doc_id: 299599 cord_uid: y18iv3zq file: cache/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.json key: cord-299656-iyb5r7e2 authors: Cioffi, Andrea title: La diminution des décès liés à la COVID-19 et le risque de sous-estimer la pandémie date: 2020-09-23 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100601 sha: doc_id: 299656 cord_uid: iyb5r7e2 file: cache/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.json key: cord-299781-9d5g5xaw authors: Hrusak, Ondrej; 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L.; FitzJohn, R.; Fraser, K.; Gaythorpe, K.; Green, W.; Hayes, S.; Imai, N.; Jeffrey, B.; Knock, E.; Laydon, D.; Lees, J.; Mangal, T.; Mousa, A.; Nedjati-Gilani, G.; Nouvellet, P.; Oli, title: Report 21: Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil date: 2020-05-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096701 sha: doc_id: 300222 cord_uid: kzzx8ni7 file: cache/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.json key: cord-300200-vcclz0bu authors: Ahmed, Sibtain; Ghani, Farooq title: Trend analysis of lab tests requisitions of COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers at a clinical chemistry reference laboratory-an observational study date: 2020-11-06 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.067 sha: doc_id: 300200 cord_uid: vcclz0bu file: cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.json key: cord-300396-kea01a27 authors: Sharpe, Richard E; Kuszyk, Brian S; Mossa-Basha, Mahmud title: Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date: 2020-07-17 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202517 sha: doc_id: 300396 cord_uid: kea01a27 file: cache/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.json key: cord-300460-jh6h83n9 authors: Karnon, Jonathan title: The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis date: 2020-04-16 journal: Appl Health Econ Health Policy DOI: 10.1007/s40258-020-00585-6 sha: doc_id: 300460 cord_uid: jh6h83n9 file: cache/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.json key: cord-300320-07tdrd4w authors: Siordia, Juan A.; Bernaba, Michael; Yoshino, Kenji; Ulhaque, Abid; Kumar, Sooraj; Bernaba, Mario; Bergin, Edward title: Systematic and Statistical Review of Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment Trials date: 2020-07-15 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00399-6 sha: doc_id: 300320 cord_uid: 07tdrd4w file: cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.json key: cord-300183-z3fwtwqb authors: Ahmed, Taha; Lodhi, Samra Haroon; Kapadia, Samir; Shah, Gautam V title: Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-25 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237817 sha: doc_id: 300183 cord_uid: z3fwtwqb file: cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.json key: cord-300229-9qh7efs4 authors: Inchausti, Felix; MacBeth, Angus; Hasson-Ohayon, Ilanit; Dimaggio, Giancarlo title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Contemp Psychother DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w sha: doc_id: 300229 cord_uid: 9qh7efs4 file: cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.json key: cord-300474-r5gms09p authors: Mackey, Katherine; Kansagara, Devan; Vela, Kathryn title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0969 sha: doc_id: 300474 cord_uid: r5gms09p file: cache/cord-300399-21xozruq.json key: cord-300399-21xozruq authors: Jayamohan, Harikrishnan; Lambert, Christopher J.; Sant, Himanshu J.; Jafek, Alexander; Patel, Dhruv; Feng, Haidong; Beeman, Michael; Mahmood, Tawsif; Nze, Ugochukwu; Gale, Bruce K. title: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations date: 2020-10-18 journal: Anal Bioanal Chem DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02958-1 sha: doc_id: 300399 cord_uid: 21xozruq file: cache/cord-300236-mon1loph.json key: cord-300236-mon1loph authors: Williams, Bryan; Zhang, Yi title: Hypertension, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31131-4 sha: doc_id: 300236 cord_uid: mon1loph file: cache/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.json key: cord-300360-h6gr91eg authors: Górski, Andrzej; Międzybrodzki, Ryszard; Żaczek, Maciej; Borysowski, Jan title: Phages in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-08-26 journal: Future microbiology DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0082 sha: doc_id: 300360 cord_uid: h6gr91eg file: cache/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.json key: cord-300192-fgueg4mo authors: Richardson, David P.; Lovegrove, Julie A. title: Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective date: 2020-08-20 journal: The British journal of nutrition DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000330x sha: doc_id: 300192 cord_uid: fgueg4mo file: cache/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.json key: cord-300300-jqi4ylrx authors: Lin, Ray Junhao; Lee, Tau Hong; Lye, David CB title: From SARS to COVID‐19: the Singapore journey date: 2020-05-31 journal: Med J Aust DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50623 sha: doc_id: 300300 cord_uid: jqi4ylrx file: cache/cord-300471-osbp6eau.json key: cord-300471-osbp6eau authors: Naruse, Keiko title: Does glycemic control rescue type 2 diabetic patients from COVID‐19‐related deaths? date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Diabetes Investig DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13320 sha: doc_id: 300471 cord_uid: osbp6eau file: cache/cord-300490-aslvqymx.json key: cord-300490-aslvqymx authors: Rahman, Md. Estiar; Islam, Md. Saiful; Bishwas, Md. Sajan; Moonajilin, Mst. Sabrina; Gozal, David title: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-30 journal: Heliyon DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05392 sha: doc_id: 300490 cord_uid: aslvqymx file: cache/cord-300338-duhyb754.json key: cord-300338-duhyb754 authors: Urashima, Mitsuyoshi; Otani, Katharina; Hasegawa, Yasutaka; Akutsu, Taisuke title: BCG Vaccination and Mortality of COVID-19 across 173 Countries: An Ecological Study date: 2020-08-03 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155589 sha: doc_id: 300338 cord_uid: duhyb754 file: cache/cord-300369-q66xifmu.json key: cord-300369-q66xifmu authors: Oyeniran, Oluwatosin I.; Chia, Terkuma title: Lutte contre la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus (Covid-19): tirer les leçons de la réponse à la maladie du virus Ebola date: 2020-07-03 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100558 sha: doc_id: 300369 cord_uid: q66xifmu file: cache/cord-300324-95fty9yi.json key: cord-300324-95fty9yi authors: Ni Lochlainn, M.; Lee, K. 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A Study on Immediate Mental Health Status and Psychoneuroimmunity Prevention Measures of Chinese Workforce date: 2020-04-23 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 sha: doc_id: 300619 cord_uid: uu3e4pjw file: cache/cord-300550-l28tadhn.json key: cord-300550-l28tadhn authors: Luers, Jan C; Rokohl, Alexander C; Loreck, Niklas; Wawer Matos, Philomena A; Augustin, Max; Dewald, Felix; Klein, Florian; Lehmann, Clara; Heindl, Ludwig M title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa525 sha: doc_id: 300550 cord_uid: l28tadhn file: cache/cord-300439-d86p43u1.json key: cord-300439-d86p43u1 authors: Bello, Ajide Kazeem; Ridwan, Lanre Ibrahim; Alimi, Yasiru Olorunfemi title: Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria date: 2020-09-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100217 sha: doc_id: 300439 cord_uid: d86p43u1 file: cache/cord-300541-5wea9w32.json key: cord-300541-5wea9w32 authors: Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa; El Gamil, Rehab title: Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 journal: Glob Soc Welf DOI: 10.1007/s40609-020-00190-4 sha: doc_id: 300541 cord_uid: 5wea9w32 file: cache/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.json key: cord-300777-6u6nqv2f authors: Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T.; Tran, Nguyen-Toan; Al-Rousan, Tala; Williams, Brie; Zaller, Nickolas title: A call to protect patients, correctional staff and healthcare professionals in jails and prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 journal: Health Justice DOI: 10.1186/s40352-020-00119-1 sha: doc_id: 300777 cord_uid: 6u6nqv2f file: cache/cord-300712-gc8770l9.json key: cord-300712-gc8770l9 authors: Ruch, Yvon; Kaeuffer, Charlotte; Guffroy, Aurélien; Lefebvre, Nicolas; Hansmann, Yves; Danion, François title: Rapid Radiological Worsening and Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-07-02 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001822 sha: doc_id: 300712 cord_uid: gc8770l9 file: cache/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.json key: cord-300445-qzu4gz2d authors: Zhang, Xiao-lei; Li, Zhuo-ming; Ye, Jian-tao; Lu, Jing; Ye, Lingyu Linda; Zhang, Chun-xiang; Liu, Pei-qing; Duan, Dayue D title: Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives date: 2020-09-23 journal: Acta Pharmacol Sin DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00519-x sha: doc_id: 300445 cord_uid: qzu4gz2d file: cache/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.json key: cord-300817-cxc00k0d authors: Saha, Jay; Chouhan, Pradip title: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() date: 2020-07-15 journal: Environ Pollut DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115250 sha: doc_id: 300817 cord_uid: cxc00k0d file: cache/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.json key: cord-300621-0e35o0rk authors: Engelman, Daniel T.; Arora, Rakesh C. title: Commentary: Rethinking Surgical Protocols in the Covid-19 Era date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.015 sha: doc_id: 300621 cord_uid: 0e35o0rk file: cache/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.json key: cord-300811-l4y7df2f authors: Aggarwal, Gaurav; Cheruiyot, Isaac; Aggarwal, Saurabh; Wong, Johnny; Lippi, Giuseppe; Lavie, Carl J.; Henry, Brandon M.; Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: Association of Cardiovascular Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-28 journal: Curr Probl Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100617 sha: doc_id: 300811 cord_uid: l4y7df2f file: cache/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.json key: cord-300640-9pvhaz8q authors: Parackova, Zuzana; Zentsova, Irena; Bloomfield, Marketa; Vrabcova, Petra; Smetanova, Jitka; Klocperk, Adam; Mesežnikov, Grigorij; Casas Mendez, Luis Fernando; Vymazal, Tomas; Sediva, Anna title: Disharmonic Inflammatory Signatures in COVID-19: Augmented Neutrophils’ but Impaired Monocytes’ and Dendritic Cells’ Responsiveness date: 2020-09-29 journal: Cells DOI: 10.3390/cells9102206 sha: doc_id: 300640 cord_uid: 9pvhaz8q file: cache/cord-300651-4didq6dk.json key: cord-300651-4didq6dk authors: Sun, Ya-Jun; Feng, Yi-Jin; Chen, Jing; Li, Bo; Luo, Zhong-Cheng; Wang, Pei-Xi title: Clinical Features of Fatalities in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.235 sha: doc_id: 300651 cord_uid: 4didq6dk file: cache/cord-300551-o1da3zds.json key: cord-300551-o1da3zds authors: Watson, James A; Tarning, Joel; Hoglund, Richard M; Baud, Frederic J; Megarbane, Bruno; Clemessy, Jean-Luc; White, Nicholas J title: Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose date: 2020-07-08 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.58631 sha: doc_id: 300551 cord_uid: o1da3zds file: cache/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.json key: cord-300689-dz6lybgi authors: Jarman, Molly P.; Bergmark, Regan W.; Chhabra, Karan; Scott, John W.; Shrime, Mark; Cooper, Zara; Tsai, Thomas title: The Surgical Health Services Research Agenda for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004126 sha: doc_id: 300689 cord_uid: dz6lybgi file: cache/cord-300776-owrrwd08.json key: cord-300776-owrrwd08 authors: Safavi, Farinaz; Nourbakhsh, Bardia; Azimi, Amir Reza title: B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with Multiple Sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran date: 2020-05-13 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102195 sha: doc_id: 300776 cord_uid: owrrwd08 file: cache/cord-300805-apli48ih.json key: cord-300805-apli48ih authors: Augoustides, John G. title: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection – current considerations during the pandemic date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 300805 cord_uid: apli48ih file: cache/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.json key: cord-300608-eju7wnb9 authors: Sheervalilou, Roghayeh; Shirvaliloo, Milad; Dadashzadeh, Nahid; Shirvalilou, Sakine; Shahraki, Omolbanin; Pilehvar‐Soltanahmadi, Younes; Ghaznavi, Habib; Khoei, Samideh; Nazarlou, Ziba title: COVID‐19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019‐nCoV disease date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Cell Physiol DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29735 sha: doc_id: 300608 cord_uid: eju7wnb9 file: cache/cord-300889-3tzg6few.json key: cord-300889-3tzg6few authors: Yasri, S; Wiwanitkit, V title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery date: 2020-06-28 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.052 sha: doc_id: 300889 cord_uid: 3tzg6few file: cache/cord-300729-35meen0h.json key: cord-300729-35meen0h authors: Miller, Aaron; Reandelar, Mac Josh; Fasciglione, Kimberly; Roumenova, Violeta; Li, Yan; Otazu, Gonzalo H title: Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study date: 2020-03-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937 sha: doc_id: 300729 cord_uid: 35meen0h file: cache/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.json key: cord-300742-hsfh4hw9 authors: Ghoreishi, Abdoreza; Arsang-Jang, Shahram; Sabaa-Ayoun, Ziad; Yassi, Nawaf; Sylaja, P.N.; Akbari, Yama; Divani, Afshin A.; Biller, Jose; Phan, Thanh; Steinwender, Sandy; Silver, Brian; Zand, Ramin; Basri, Hamidon Bin; Iqbal, Omer M.; Ranta, Annemarei; Ruland, Sean; Macri, Elizabeth; Ma, Henry; Nguyen, Thanh N.; Abootalebi, Shahram; Gupta, Animesh; Alet, Matias; Lattazani, Simona; Desai, Masoom; Gagliardi, Rubens J.; Girotra, Tarun; Inoue, Manabu; Yoshimoto, Takeshi; Isaac, Cristian Flavo; Mayer, Stephan A.; Morovatdar, Negar; Nilanont, Yongchai; Nobleza, Christa O'Hana S.; Saber, Hamidreza; Kamenova, Saltanat; Kondybayeva, Aida; Krupinski, Jerzy; Siegler, James E.; Stranges, Saverio; Torbey, Michel T.; Yorio, Diana; Zurrú, María Cristina; Rubinos, Clio Aracelli; Shahripour, Reza Bavarsad; Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin; Napoli, Mario Di; Azarpazhooh, M. Reza title: Stroke care trends during COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: statistical analysis plan and preliminary results date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105321 sha: doc_id: 300742 cord_uid: hsfh4hw9 file: cache/cord-300763-3ateeei3.json key: cord-300763-3ateeei3 authors: Vannabouathong, Christopher; Devji, Tahira; Ekhtiari, Seper; Chang, Yaping; Phillips, Steven A.; Zhu, Meng; Chagla, Zain; Main, Cheryl; Bhandari, Mohit title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19: Current Evidence and Evolving Strategies date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00396 sha: doc_id: 300763 cord_uid: 3ateeei3 file: cache/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.json key: cord-300802-2y2oxss4 authors: Kim, Judith; Doyle, John B.; Blackett, John W.; May, Benjamin; Hur, Chin; Lebwohl, Benjamin title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes for Patients Admitted with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in New York City date: 2020-05-13 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.031 sha: doc_id: 300802 cord_uid: 2y2oxss4 file: cache/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.json key: cord-300866-cso6l6ze authors: Bao, Yi; Lin, Shu Yu; Cheng, Zhao Hui; Xia, Jun; Sun, Yan Peng; Zhao, Qi; Liu, Guang Jian title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report date: 2020-05-23 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00315-y sha: doc_id: 300866 cord_uid: cso6l6ze file: cache/cord-300792-hpyywul0.json key: cord-300792-hpyywul0 authors: Thaler, M.; Khosravi, Ismail; Hirschmann, M. T.; Kort, N. P.; Zagra, L.; Epinette, J. A.; Liebensteiner, M. C. title: Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) date: 2020-05-02 journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06033-1 sha: doc_id: 300792 cord_uid: hpyywul0 file: cache/cord-300848-0igfcixy.json key: cord-300848-0igfcixy authors: Meijers, Björn; Hilbrands, Luuk B title: The clinical characteristics of coronavirus-associated nephropathy date: 2020-09-02 journal: Nephrol Dial Transplant DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa197 sha: doc_id: 300848 cord_uid: 0igfcixy file: cache/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.json key: cord-300963-1n1f8mf2 authors: Gajendran, Mahesh; Perisetti, Abhilash; Aziz, Muhammad; Raghavapuram, Saikiran; Bansal, Pardeep; Tharian, Benjamin; Goyal, Hemant title: Inflammatory bowel disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, management strategies, and lessons learned date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0547 sha: doc_id: 300963 cord_uid: 1n1f8mf2 file: cache/cord-300750-huyl21vz.json key: cord-300750-huyl21vz authors: Shagam, Lev title: Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020 date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075580 sha: doc_id: 300750 cord_uid: huyl21vz file: cache/cord-300716-urmogf97.json key: cord-300716-urmogf97 authors: Briguglio, Matteo; Bona, Alberto; Porta, Mauro; Dell'Osso, Bernardo; Pregliasco, Fabrizio Ernesto; Banfi, Giuseppe title: Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes date: 2020-06-05 journal: Front Physiol DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00671 sha: doc_id: 300716 cord_uid: urmogf97 file: cache/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.json key: cord-300911-cl7s47wb authors: English, W.; Vulliamy, P.; Banerjee, S.; Arya, S. title: Surgical training during the COVID‐19 pandemic – the cloud with a silver lining? date: 2020-07-14 journal: Br J Surg DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11801 sha: doc_id: 300911 cord_uid: cl7s47wb file: cache/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.json key: cord-300899-yi2mx91a authors: Kaur, Satinder; Bherwani, Hemant; Gulia, Sunil; Vijay, Ritesh; Kumar, Rakesh title: Understanding COVID-19 transmission, health impacts and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key date: 2020-07-18 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00884-x sha: doc_id: 300899 cord_uid: yi2mx91a file: cache/cord-300997-z903uyht.json key: cord-300997-z903uyht authors: Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim; Wakefield, Simon title: An Invited Commentary on “The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic” date: 2020-05-19 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.046 sha: doc_id: 300997 cord_uid: z903uyht file: cache/cord-301026-spgidqh3.json key: cord-301026-spgidqh3 authors: Das, Shaoli; Camphausen, Kevin; Shankavaram, Uma title: In silico Drug Repurposing to combat COVID-19 based on Pharmacogenomics of Patient Transcriptomic Data date: 2020-06-30 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-39128/v1 sha: doc_id: 301026 cord_uid: spgidqh3 file: cache/cord-300978-busx8w6s.json key: cord-300978-busx8w6s authors: Apetrii, Mugurel; Enache, Stefana; Siriopol, Dimitrie; Burlacu, Alexandru; Kanbay, Asiye; Kanbay, Mehmet; Scripcariu, Dragos; Covic, Adrian title: A brand-new cardiorenal syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) setting date: 2020-06-04 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa082 sha: doc_id: 300978 cord_uid: busx8w6s file: cache/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.json key: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy authors: Naqvi, Zainab Batul; Russell, Yvette title: A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 journal: Fem Leg Stud DOI: 10.1007/s10691-020-09435-1 sha: doc_id: 301000 cord_uid: ozm5f5dy file: cache/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.json key: cord-301025-cf2jcw6x authors: Musca, Serban C. title: A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine's Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00490 sha: doc_id: 301025 cord_uid: cf2jcw6x file: cache/cord-300964-knc0ruou.json key: cord-300964-knc0ruou authors: Hoffman, Tove; Nissen, Karolina; Krambrich, Janina; Rönnberg, Bengt; Akaberi, Dario; Esmaeilzadeh, Mouna; Salaneck, Erik; Lindahl, Johanna; Lundkvist, Åke title: Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 journal: Infect Ecol Epidemiol DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1754538 sha: doc_id: 300964 cord_uid: knc0ruou file: cache/cord-300855-vba552kh.json key: cord-300855-vba552kh authors: Dungar, Keval Dhanji; Sooriah, Kirstin Louise title: The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on “acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicentre retrospective cohort study” date: 2020-10-08 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 300855 cord_uid: vba552kh file: cache/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.json key: cord-300991-ipy24zxp authors: Khan, Amira Sayed; Hichami, Aziz; Khan, Naim Akhtar title: Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072158 sha: doc_id: 300991 cord_uid: ipy24zxp file: cache/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.json key: cord-301052-qdhkwa4s authors: Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B. title: The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience date: 2020-05-07 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00188 sha: doc_id: 301052 cord_uid: qdhkwa4s file: cache/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.json key: cord-300995-tqz2bkdo authors: Tagliaferri, Luca; Di Stefani, Alessandro; Schinzari, Giovanni; Fionda, Bruno; Rossi, Ernesto; Del Regno, Laura; Gentileschi, Stefano; Federico, Francesco; Valentini, Vincenzo; Tortora, Giampaolo; Peris, Ketty title: Skin cancer triage and management during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16529 sha: doc_id: 300995 cord_uid: tqz2bkdo file: cache/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.json key: cord-301061-bekyn1k2 authors: Meschi, Tiziana; Rossi, Sandra; Volpi, Annalisa; Ferrari, Carlo; Sverzellati, Nicola; Brianti, Ettore; Fabi, Massimo; Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea title: Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID‐19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy date: 2020-05-20 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13250 sha: doc_id: 301061 cord_uid: bekyn1k2 file: cache/cord-301082-sikgk58i.json key: cord-301082-sikgk58i authors: Breevoort, Arnar; Carosso, Giovanni A.; Mostajo-Radji, Mohammed A. title: High-altitude populations need special considerations for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 journal: Nat Commun DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17131-6 sha: doc_id: 301082 cord_uid: sikgk58i file: cache/cord-301106-qskwujpa.json key: cord-301106-qskwujpa authors: Gambato, Martina; Burra, Patrizia title: Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor date: 2020-06-05 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00804-8 sha: doc_id: 301106 cord_uid: qskwujpa file: cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.json key: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 authors: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M; van Oorsouw, Roel; Klooster, Emily; Koenders, Niek; Driehuis, Femke; Hulzebos, Erik H J; van der Schaaf, Marike; Hoogeboom, Thomas J; van der Wees, Philip J title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa114 sha: doc_id: 301011 cord_uid: xbuqd0j5 file: cache/cord-301036-x06m11e0.json key: cord-301036-x06m11e0 authors: Alfuraih, Abdulrahman M. title: Point of care lung ultrasound in COVID-19: hype or hope? date: 2020-08-28 journal: BJR Open DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200027 sha: doc_id: 301036 cord_uid: x06m11e0 file: cache/cord-301035-dz8642qx.json key: cord-301035-dz8642qx authors: Rasheed, Jawad; Jamil, Akhtar; Hameed, Alaa Ali; Aftab, Usman; Aftab, Javaria; Shah, Syed Attique; Draheim, Dirk title: A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Supporting Frontline Workers and Decision Makers for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-10 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110337 sha: doc_id: 301035 cord_uid: dz8642qx file: cache/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.json key: cord-301083-nnh95i0k authors: Jumreornvong, Oranicha; Yang, Emmy; Race, Jasmine; Appel, Jacob title: Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003711 sha: doc_id: 301083 cord_uid: nnh95i0k file: cache/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.json key: cord-301067-wk3cf0b7 authors: Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N.; Ruiz-Segoviano, Hector S.; Rodríguez-Contreras, Sergio F.; Yañez-Dávila, David; Hernández-Granados, Araceli title: Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures date: 2020-11-01 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143382 sha: doc_id: 301067 cord_uid: wk3cf0b7 file: cache/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.json key: cord-301115-sedfbjlw authors: Han, Mingfeng; Xu, Mengyuan; Zhang, Yafei; Liu, Zhongping; Li, Shasha; He, Tengfei; Li, Jinsong; Gao, Yong; Liu, Wanjun; Li, Tuantuan; Chen, Zixiang; Huang, Xin; Cheng, Guoling; Wang, Jun; Dittmer, Ulf; Witzke, Oliver; Zou, Guizhou; Li, Xiuyong; Lu, Mengji; Zhang, Zhenhua title: Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity date: 2020-08-28 journal: Med Microbiol Immunol DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00693-z sha: doc_id: 301115 cord_uid: sedfbjlw file: cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.json key: cord-301264-lkfhtb1w authors: Davahli, Mohammad Reza; Karwowski, Waldemar; Sonmez, Sevil; Apostolopoulos, Yorghos title: The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207366 sha: doc_id: 301264 cord_uid: lkfhtb1w file: cache/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.json key: cord-301027-b9urhbkh authors: Li, R.; Jian, Z.; Jin, C.; Wang, Y.; Liang, T.; Liu, Z.; Zhao, H.; Wang, Z.; Zhou, J.; Zeng, L.; Yang, J. title: Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi'an, China date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20109496 sha: doc_id: 301027 cord_uid: b9urhbkh file: cache/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.json key: cord-301281-yur5hs2h authors: Zelek, Wioleta M.; Cole, Jade; Ponsford, Mark J.; Harrison, Richard A.; Schroeder, Ben E.; Webb, Nicholas; Jolles, Stephen; Fegan, Christopher; Morgan, Matt; Wise, Matt P.; Morgan, B. Paul title: Complement Inhibition with the C5 Blocker LFG316 in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2778le sha: doc_id: 301281 cord_uid: yur5hs2h file: cache/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.json key: cord-301299-flb5wwzg authors: García, Inés Suárez; López, María José Martínez de Aramayona; Vicente, Alberto Sáez; Abascal, Paloma Lobo title: SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in Madrid, Spain date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.020 sha: doc_id: 301299 cord_uid: flb5wwzg file: cache/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.json key: cord-301216-a0rkpez7 authors: Perez, Adriana; Kogan-Liberman, Debora; Sheflin-Findling, Shari; Raizner, Aileen; Ahuja, Kanya L.; Ovchinsky, Nadia title: Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection As Cholestatic Jaundice in Two Healthy Adolescents date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.054 sha: doc_id: 301216 cord_uid: a0rkpez7 file: cache/cord-301240-18l9juk8.json key: cord-301240-18l9juk8 authors: Löffler, Christian; Mahrhold, Juliane; Fogarassy, Peter; Beyer, Martin; Hellmich, Bernhard title: Two immunocompromised patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a complication of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.051 sha: doc_id: 301240 cord_uid: 18l9juk8 file: cache/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.json key: cord-301276-eer1l8vg authors: Sehrawat, Sharvan; Rouse, Barry T. title: Opinion: Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility? date: 2020-07-09 journal: Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 301276 cord_uid: eer1l8vg file: cache/cord-301283-5bta8woj.json key: cord-301283-5bta8woj authors: Rosa, William E.; Shook, Alic; Acquaviva, Kimberly D. title: LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19:Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.155 sha: doc_id: 301283 cord_uid: 5bta8woj file: cache/cord-301297-vgijyani.json key: cord-301297-vgijyani authors: Khalili, Mohammad Reza; Sadati, Maryam Sadat; Jahanbani-Ardakani, Hamidreza title: Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-10 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04918-y sha: doc_id: 301297 cord_uid: vgijyani file: cache/cord-301162-ux40twpt.json key: cord-301162-ux40twpt authors: Chiaravalloti, Nancy D.; Amato, Maria Pia; Brichetto, Giampaolo; Chataway, Jeremy; Dalgas, Ulrik; DeLuca, John; Meza, Cecilia; Moore, Nancy B.; Feys, Peter; Filippi, Massimo; Freeman, Jennifer; Inglese, Matilde; Motl, Rob; Rocca, Maria Assunta; Sandroff, Brian M.; Salter, Amber; Cutter, Gary; Feinstein, Anthony title: The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10160-7 sha: doc_id: 301162 cord_uid: ux40twpt file: cache/cord-301348-h21rnyww.json key: cord-301348-h21rnyww authors: Gherghina, Ștefan Cristian; Armeanu, Daniel Ștefan; Joldeș, Camelia Cătălina title: Stock Market Reactions to COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Quantitative Evidence from ARDL Bounds Tests and Granger Causality Analysis date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186729 sha: doc_id: 301348 cord_uid: h21rnyww file: cache/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.json key: cord-301391-5dvf1mi0 authors: Islam, Md. Milon; Ullah, Shah Muhammad Azmat; Mahmud, Saifuddin; Raju, S. M. Taslim Uddin title: Breathing Aid Devices to Support Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)Infected Patients date: 2020-08-19 journal: SN COMPUT DOI: 10.1007/s42979-020-00300-1 sha: doc_id: 301391 cord_uid: 5dvf1mi0 file: cache/cord-301402-andxwyi3.json key: cord-301402-andxwyi3 authors: Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong; Soh, Tamara; Tan, Bryan Yijia; Oh, Jacob Yoong-Leong; Mohd Fadhil, Muhammad Farhan Bin; Rasappan, Kumaran; Lee, Keng Thiam title: Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00568 sha: doc_id: 301402 cord_uid: andxwyi3 file: cache/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.json key: cord-301189-6sq1pfo8 authors: Zheng, Hua; Tan, Juan; Zhang, Xianwei; Luo, Ailin; Wang, Liuming; Zhu, Wentao; Hébert, Harry L.; Meng, Weihua; Smith, Blair H.; Colvin, Lesley A.; Hu, Junbo title: Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-16 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 301189 cord_uid: 6sq1pfo8 file: cache/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.json key: cord-301388-p3juk2vv authors: Yen, Muh-Yong; Schwartz, Jonathan; King, Chwan-Chuen; Lee, Chung-Ming; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 301388 cord_uid: p3juk2vv file: cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.json key: cord-301192-wif0te3w authors: Hoffman, David A title: Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa043 sha: doc_id: 301192 cord_uid: wif0te3w file: cache/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.json key: cord-301412-wbu3t8j8 authors: Ippolito, Edy; Fiore, Michele; Greco, Carlo; D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria; Ramella, Sara title: COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases date: 2020-04-14 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.009 sha: doc_id: 301412 cord_uid: wbu3t8j8 file: cache/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.json key: cord-301405-7ijaxk4v authors: El Mouden, Zakariyaa Ait; Taj, Rachida Moulay; Jakimi, Abdeslam; Hajar, Moha title: Towards Using Graph Analytics for Tracking Covid-19 date: 2020-12-31 journal: Procedia Computer Science DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.029 sha: doc_id: 301405 cord_uid: 7ijaxk4v file: cache/cord-301473-k9257jaa.json key: cord-301473-k9257jaa authors: Pernitez-Agan, S.; Bautista, M. A.; Lopez, J.; Sampson, M.; Wickramage, K. title: Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 in the Context of Migration Health: A Study Protocol date: 2020-07-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.20149401 sha: doc_id: 301473 cord_uid: k9257jaa file: cache/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.json key: cord-301514-yo2ebphy authors: Holten, John; Ramakrishnan, Karthika; Charlie, Abbas; Standiford, Taylor; Maresky, Hillel; Cohen, Gary; Kumaran, Maruti title: The Radiology Resident Experience at a Large Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-29 journal: J Med Educ Curric Dev DOI: 10.1177/2382120520963036 sha: doc_id: 301514 cord_uid: yo2ebphy file: cache/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.json key: cord-301474-nuaq50vi authors: Dyck, Jason R.B. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada date: 2020-05-13 journal: Can J Diabetes DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 301474 cord_uid: nuaq50vi file: cache/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.json key: cord-301483-dsaltzdd authors: Hashizume, H.; Sano, Y.; Furukawa, S.; Imokawa, S. title: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID‐19: a case report date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16705 sha: doc_id: 301483 cord_uid: dsaltzdd file: cache/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.json key: cord-301309-qzkhi6gw authors: Hindilerden, Fehmi; Yonal-Hindilerden, Ipek; Akar, Emre; Kart-Yasar, Kadriye title: Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case date: 2020-07-05 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 301309 cord_uid: qzkhi6gw file: cache/cord-301476-5uc76djv.json key: cord-301476-5uc76djv authors: Mushi, Vivian; Shao, Magdalena title: Tailoring of the ongoing water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: Trop Med Health DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00236-5 sha: doc_id: 301476 cord_uid: 5uc76djv file: cache/cord-301619-0ojayw16.json key: cord-301619-0ojayw16 authors: Adamowicz, Jan; Juszczak, Kajetan; Drewa, Tomasz title: May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications ? date: 2020-04-22 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109751 sha: doc_id: 301619 cord_uid: 0ojayw16 file: cache/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.json key: cord-301295-kthqb2fs authors: Rajkumar, R. P. title: The relationship between demographic, psychosocial and health-related parameters and the impact of COVID-19: a study of twenty-four Indian regions date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 sha: doc_id: 301295 cord_uid: kthqb2fs file: cache/cord-301590-70qmpccs.json key: cord-301590-70qmpccs authors: Campos, António; Oliveira, Nuno; Martins, Joana; Arruda, Henrique; Sousa, João title: The Paradigm Shift of Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-14 journal: Clin Ophthalmol DOI: 10.2147/opth.s267427 sha: doc_id: 301590 cord_uid: 70qmpccs file: cache/cord-301530-l7homdjj.json key: cord-301530-l7homdjj authors: Abobaker, Anis title: Reply: Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: Eur J Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02988-9 sha: doc_id: 301530 cord_uid: l7homdjj file: cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.json key: cord-301547-d4wt9dqp authors: Seng, J. J. B.; Yeam, C. T.; Huang, W. C.; Tan, N. C.; Low, L. L. title: Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20094227 sha: doc_id: 301547 cord_uid: d4wt9dqp file: cache/cord-301622-mn59vszt.json key: cord-301622-mn59vszt authors: Jomah, Shahamah; Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin; Al-Yamani, Mohammed Jaber title: Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A review date: 2020-08-03 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 301622 cord_uid: mn59vszt file: cache/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.json key: cord-301426-i9a5g86x authors: Bray, I.; Gibson, A.; White, J. title: Covid-19 mortality: a multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution date: 2020-07-07 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.056 sha: doc_id: 301426 cord_uid: i9a5g86x file: cache/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.json key: cord-301416-rfrbgnft authors: Kashnitsky, Ilya; Aburto, José Manuel title: COVID-19 in unequally ageing European regions date: 2020-08-28 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105170 sha: doc_id: 301416 cord_uid: rfrbgnft file: cache/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.json key: cord-301677-b6mnn27h authors: Soleimanian, Saeede; Yaghobi, Ramin title: Harnessing Memory NK Cell to Protect Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01309 sha: doc_id: 301677 cord_uid: b6mnn27h file: cache/cord-301493-32l52q3s.json key: cord-301493-32l52q3s authors: Hill, Jason B.; Garcia, David; Crowther, Mark; Savage, Bryan; Peress, Shira; Chang, Kevin; Deitelzweig, Steven title: Frequency of venous thromboembolism in 6513 patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-02 journal: Blood Adv DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003083 sha: doc_id: 301493 cord_uid: 32l52q3s file: cache/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.json key: cord-301424-nt35k3eg authors: Ad, Niv; Luc, Jessica G.Y.; Nguyen, Tom C.; Arora, Rakesh C.; Balkhy, Husam H.; Bender, Edward M.; Bethencourt, Daniel M.; Bisleri, Gianluigi; Boyd, Douglas; Chu, Michael W.A.; de la Cruz, Kim I.; DeAnda, Abe; Engelman, Daniel T.; Farkas, Emily A.; Fedoruk, Lynn M.; Fiocco, Michael; Forcillo, Jessica; Fradet, Guy; Fremes, Stephen E.; Gammie, James S.; Geirsson, Arnar; Gerdisch, Marc W.; Girardi, Leonard N.; Kaiser, Clayton A.; Kaneko, Tsuyoshi; Kent, William D.T.; Khabbaz, Kamal R.; Khoynezhad, Ali; Kiaii, Bob; Lee, Richard; Legare, Jean-Francois; Lehr, Eric J.; MacArthur, Roderick G.G.; McCarthy, Patrick M.; Mehall, John R.; Merrill, Walter H.; Moon, Marc R.; Ouzounian, Maral; Peltz, Matthias; Perrault, Louis P.; Preventza, Ourania; Ramchandani, Mahesh; Ramlawi, Basel; Salenger, Rawn; Sekela, Michael E.; Sellke, Frank W.; Stulak, John M.; Sutter, Francis P.; Timek, Tomasz A.; Whitman, Glenn; Williams, Judson B.; Wong, Daniel R.; Yanagawa, Bobby; Ye, Jian; Zeigler, Sanford M. title: Cardiac Surgery in North America and COVID-19: Regional Variability in Burden and Impact date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.077 sha: doc_id: 301424 cord_uid: nt35k3eg file: cache/cord-301454-ayf42grs.json key: cord-301454-ayf42grs authors: Phyu Khin, Phyu; Cha, Seon-Heui; Jun, Hee-Sook; Han Lee, Jong title: A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression date: 2020-08-14 journal: Medical Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110186 sha: doc_id: 301454 cord_uid: ayf42grs file: cache/cord-301641-epr1sct6.json key: cord-301641-epr1sct6 authors: Kumar, Durgesh; Kumari, Kamlesh; Jayaraj, Abhilash; Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Ramappa Venkatesh; Dass, Sujata K.; Chandra, Ramesh; Singh, Prashant title: Understanding the binding affinity of noscapines with protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 using MD simulations at different temperatures date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Biomol Struct Dyn DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1752310 sha: doc_id: 301641 cord_uid: epr1sct6 file: cache/cord-301480-jk8avgky.json key: cord-301480-jk8avgky authors: Brian, Riley; Stock, Peter; Syed, Shareef; Hirose, Kenzo; Reilly, Linda; O'Sullivan, Patricia title: How COVID-19 inspired surgical residents to rethink educational programs date: 2020-10-21 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.10.027 sha: doc_id: 301480 cord_uid: jk8avgky file: cache/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.json key: cord-301684-ubw91yq1 authors: Bartiromo, Marilù; Borchi, Beatrice; Botta, Annarita; Bagalà, Alfredo; Lugli, Gianmarco; Tilli, Marta; Cavallo, Annalisa; Xhaferi, Brunilda; Cutruzzulà, Roberta; Vaglio, Augusto; Bresci, Silvia; Larti, Aida; Bartoloni, Alessandro; Cirami, Calogero title: Threatening drug‐drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-04-12 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13286 sha: doc_id: 301684 cord_uid: ubw91yq1 file: cache/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.json key: cord-301723-zz24wmv7 authors: Jotz, Geraldo Pereira; Bittencourt, Aline Gomes title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713588 sha: doc_id: 301723 cord_uid: zz24wmv7 file: cache/cord-301762-g14aik1e.json key: cord-301762-g14aik1e authors: Voutsinas, Nicholas; Toussie, Danielle; Jacobi, Adam; Bernheim, Adam; Chung, Michael title: Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain date: 2020-05-28 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 301762 cord_uid: g14aik1e file: cache/cord-301734-2anqedib.json key: cord-301734-2anqedib authors: Lazzari, Grazia; Chiara Resta, Elda; Magli, Michelle; D'Ettorre, Ernesto; Silvano, Giovanni title: Are there overlapping clinical features between thoracic radiotherapy side effects and covid-19 pneumonia? radiation pneumonitis outside the radiation ports : three case reports date: 2020-09-25 journal: Clin Transl Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 301734 cord_uid: 2anqedib file: cache/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.json key: cord-301511-r7k8ufqx authors: Issitt, Richard W; Booth, John; Bryant, William A; Spiridou, Anastasia; Taylor, Andrew M; du Pré, Pascale; Ramnarayan, Pad; Hartley, John; Cortina-Borja, Maria; Moshal, Karyn; Dunn, Helen; Hemingway, Harry; Sebire, Neil J title: Children with COVID-19 at a specialist centre: initial experience and outcome date: 2020-06-23 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30204-2 sha: doc_id: 301511 cord_uid: r7k8ufqx file: cache/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.json key: cord-301815-83qbmc7q authors: Shabani, Mahsa; Goffin, Tom; Mertes, Heidi title: Reporting, Recording and Communication of COVID-19 Cases in Workplace: Data Protection as a Moving Target date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa008 sha: doc_id: 301815 cord_uid: 83qbmc7q file: cache/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.json key: cord-301829-6yrgkx96 authors: Bhardwaj, Rashmi; Bangia, Aashima title: Data Driven Estimation of Novel COVID-19 Transmission Risks Through Hybrid Soft-Computing Techniques date: 2020-07-25 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110152 sha: doc_id: 301829 cord_uid: 6yrgkx96 file: cache/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.json key: cord-301628-m4zfib3f authors: Lee, Kwan Yong; Lee, Bong-Ki; Kim, Won-Jang; Kang, Se Hun; Park, Taek Kyu; Kim, Song-Yi; Suh, Jung-Won; Yoon, Chang-Hwan; Yang, Dong Heon; Ryu, Sung Kee; Kim, Sang-Hyun; Lee, Sung Yun; Chae, In-Ho title: Consensus statement on coronary intervention during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic: from the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-07-01 journal: Korean J Intern Med DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.290 sha: doc_id: 301628 cord_uid: m4zfib3f file: cache/cord-301900-t4y4954h.json key: cord-301900-t4y4954h authors: Durotoye, Idayat; Odunola, Rasheed; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi; Akanmu, Alex; Bolarinwa, Oladimeji; Adeboye, Muhammed; Abdullahi, Ali; Bolajoko, Zulkarnain; Durosinmi, Wasiu; Adebisi, George; Aduloju, Veronica title: Pertinent roles of African higher institutions in the COVID‐19 pandemic response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model date: 2020-05-25 journal: Int J Health Plann Manage DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2984 sha: doc_id: 301900 cord_uid: t4y4954h file: cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.json key: cord-301852-9nza3po0 authors: Sears, David; Ahalt, Cyrus; Augustine, Dallas; Williams, Brie title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4543 sha: doc_id: 301852 cord_uid: 9nza3po0 file: cache/cord-301857-56pot8f6.json key: cord-301857-56pot8f6 authors: Zvizdic, Zlatan; Vranic, Semir title: Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Pediatr Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.016 sha: doc_id: 301857 cord_uid: 56pot8f6 file: cache/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.json key: cord-302067-yyw1he5j authors: Roblyer, Darren title: Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Biomed Opt DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.102703 sha: doc_id: 302067 cord_uid: yyw1he5j file: cache/cord-301975-hcinajry.json key: cord-301975-hcinajry authors: Proaño, Christian R. title: On the Macroeconomic and Social Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Latin America and the Developing World date: 2020-06-07 journal: Inter Econ DOI: 10.1007/s10272-020-0889-x sha: doc_id: 301975 cord_uid: hcinajry file: cache/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.json key: cord-301800-ssdzd43t authors: Atal, Shubham; Fatima, Zeenat; Balakrishnan, Sadasivam title: Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour? date: 2020-10-13 journal: BioDrugs DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00448-5 sha: doc_id: 301800 cord_uid: ssdzd43t file: cache/cord-302115-r39ser2c.json key: cord-302115-r39ser2c authors: Matricardi, Paolo Maria; Dal Negro, Roberto Walter; Nisini, Roberto title: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures date: 2020-05-02 journal: Pediatr Allergy Immunol DOI: 10.1111/pai.13271 sha: doc_id: 302115 cord_uid: r39ser2c file: cache/cord-302081-l9whadpi.json key: cord-302081-l9whadpi authors: Yasin, El-Wajeh; Iain, Varley; Ajay, Raithatha; Alastair, Glossop; Austen, Smith; Ricardo, Mohammed-Ali title: Opening Pandora’s box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.052 sha: doc_id: 302081 cord_uid: l9whadpi file: cache/cord-301765-q7yavza2.json key: cord-301765-q7yavza2 authors: Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego; Ibarra-Sanchez, Gabriela; Garcia-Gutierrez, Ania; Comanges-Yeboles, Alejandra; Ansuategui-Vicente, Marina; Gonzalez-Fajardo, Jose Antonio title: COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES date: 2020-05-29 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.05.031 sha: doc_id: 301765 cord_uid: q7yavza2 file: cache/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.json key: cord-301771-43fl2gwp authors: Ouassou, Hayat; Kharchoufa, Loubna; Bouhrim, Mohamed; Daoudi, Nour Elhouda; Imtara, Hamada; Bencheikh, Noureddine; ELbouzidi, Amine; Bnouham, Mohamed title: The Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation and Prevention date: 2020-07-10 journal: J Immunol Res DOI: 10.1155/2020/1357983 sha: doc_id: 301771 cord_uid: 43fl2gwp file: cache/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.json key: cord-301779-y07xjnpe authors: Fox, Sharon E; Akmatbekov, Aibek; Harbert, Jack L; Li, Guang; Quincy Brown, J; Vander Heide, Richard S title: Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans date: 2020-05-27 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30243-5 sha: doc_id: 301779 cord_uid: y07xjnpe file: cache/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.json key: cord-301921-i1o18nmw authors: Sernicola, Alvise; Alaibac, Mauro title: How to Deal With Post-viral Cutaneous Eruptions in the Era of Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-05-12 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00224 sha: doc_id: 301921 cord_uid: i1o18nmw file: cache/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.json key: cord-302113-xqmvix1o authors: Aacharya, Ramesh Prasad; Shah, Aarati title: Ethical dimensions of stigma and discrimination in Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100536 sha: doc_id: 302113 cord_uid: xqmvix1o file: cache/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.json key: cord-302131-w10y5sf9 authors: Barrocas, Albert; Schwartz, Denise Baird; Hasse, Jeanette M.; Seres, David S.; Mueller, Charles M. title: Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Nutr Clin Pract DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10500 sha: doc_id: 302131 cord_uid: w10y5sf9 file: cache/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.json key: cord-301730-flv5lnv8 authors: Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait title: Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak date: 2020-10-15 journal: Front Plant Sci DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568890 sha: doc_id: 301730 cord_uid: flv5lnv8 file: cache/cord-301833-q8jiep32.json key: cord-301833-q8jiep32 authors: Peres, Karina Colombera; Riera, Rachel; Martimbianco, Ana Luiza Cabrera; Ward, Laura Sterian; Cunha, Lucas Leite title: Body Mass Index and Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection. A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-14 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00562 sha: doc_id: 301833 cord_uid: q8jiep32 file: cache/cord-301946-erzh30mt.json key: cord-301946-erzh30mt authors: Kwak-Kim, Joanne; Ota, Kuniaki; Sung, Nayoung; Huang, Changsheng; Alsubki, Lujain; Lee, Sungki; Han, Jae Won; Han, Aera; Yang, Xiuhua; Saab, Wael; Derbala, Youssef; Wang, Wen-Juan; He, Qiaohua; Liao, Aihua; Takahashi, Toshifumi; Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges; Barini, Ricardo; Bao, Shihua; Fukui, Atsushi; Coulam, Carolyn title: COVID-19 and immunomodulation treatment for women with reproductive failures date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Reprod Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103168 sha: doc_id: 301946 cord_uid: erzh30mt file: cache/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.json key: cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 authors: Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros; Noël, Alexandre; Brunette, Veronique; Williamson, David; Frenette, Anne Julie; Arsenault, Christine; Bellemare, Patrick; Lagrenade-Verdant, Colin; LeGuillan, Soazig; Levesque, Emilie; Lamarche, Yoan; Giasson, Marc; Rico, Philippe; Beaulieu, Yanick; Marsolais, Pierre; Serri, Karim; Bernard, Francis; Albert, Martin title: Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date: 2020-09-15 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z sha: doc_id: 302177 cord_uid: 8w3ojgd4 file: cache/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.json key: cord-301943-qdtfjdxr authors: Javelot, H; Weiner, L title: Panique et pandémie: revue de la littérature sur les liens entre le trouble panique et l'épidémie à SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-21 journal: Encephale DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 301943 cord_uid: qdtfjdxr file: cache/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.json key: cord-301828-qux5hvcw authors: Khalifa, Ibrahim; Zhu, Wei; Mohammed, Hammad Hamed Hammad; Dutta, Kunal; Li, Chunmei title: Tannins inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL(pro): An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins date: 2020-08-11 journal: J Food Biochem DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13432 sha: doc_id: 301828 cord_uid: qux5hvcw file: cache/cord-301934-l0gfangp.json key: cord-301934-l0gfangp authors: Amin, Kritika Premnath; Griffiths, Mark D.; Dsouza, Deena Dimple title: Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance date: 2020-07-10 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1 sha: doc_id: 301934 cord_uid: l0gfangp file: cache/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.json key: cord-302195-25gjbyi1 authors: Al Huraimel, Khalid; Alhosani, Mohamed; Kunhabdulla, Shabana; Stietiya, Mohammed Hashem title: SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions date: 2020-07-15 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140946 sha: doc_id: 302195 cord_uid: 25gjbyi1 file: cache/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.json key: cord-301873-50ym0rdm authors: García, Juan Manuel Picardo title: COVID-19 en residencias de mayores: una asignatura pendiente date: 2020-05-21 journal: Enferm Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.015 sha: doc_id: 301873 cord_uid: 50ym0rdm file: cache/cord-302163-0jav84zw.json key: cord-302163-0jav84zw authors: Anastassopoulou, Cleo; Gkizarioti, Zoi; Patrinos, George P.; Tsakris, Athanasios title: Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-22 journal: Hum Genomics DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4 sha: doc_id: 302163 cord_uid: 0jav84zw file: cache/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.json key: cord-302228-n5o6jfs2 authors: Lodise, Thomas P.; Rybak, Michael J. title: COVID‐19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need date: 2020-05-05 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2396 sha: doc_id: 302228 cord_uid: n5o6jfs2 file: cache/cord-302173-536mjzy6.json key: cord-302173-536mjzy6 authors: Li, Chaowei; Chen, Qingshi; Wang, Jianwen; Lin, Huasong; Lin, Yalan; Lin, Jinhuang; Peng, Fangzhan; Chen, Jiangmu; Yang, Zhirong title: Clinical characteristics of chronic liver disease with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103632 sha: doc_id: 302173 cord_uid: 536mjzy6 file: cache/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.json key: cord-302244-uwicyuhk authors: Hoilat, Gilles J; Durer, Ceren; Durer, Seren; Gupta, Pratishtha title: Percutaneous Mechanical Pulmonary Thrombectomy in a Patient With Pulmonary Embolism as a First Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9506 sha: doc_id: 302244 cord_uid: uwicyuhk file: cache/cord-301947-b6nwaost.json key: cord-301947-b6nwaost authors: Millán-Oñate, José; Millan, William; Mendoza, Luis Alfonso; Sánchez, Carlos Guillermo; Fernandez-Suarez, Hugo; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient from Colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin date: 2020-04-24 journal: Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00358-y sha: doc_id: 301947 cord_uid: b6nwaost file: cache/cord-302304-wc40gouw.json key: cord-302304-wc40gouw authors: Wilson, M.P.; Katlariwala, P.; Low, G. title: Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging date: 2020-05-01 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 302304 cord_uid: wc40gouw file: cache/cord-301983-aks5z29t.json key: cord-301983-aks5z29t authors: Vakili, K.; Fathi, M.; Sayehmiri, F.; Mohamadkhani, A.; Hajiesmaeili, M.; Rezaei-Tavirani, M.; Pezeshgi, A. title: Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130955 sha: doc_id: 301983 cord_uid: aks5z29t file: cache/cord-302127-1abupl36.json key: cord-302127-1abupl36 authors: Vokó, Zoltán; Pitter, János György title: The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis date: 2020-06-11 journal: GeroScience DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00205-0 sha: doc_id: 302127 cord_uid: 1abupl36 file: cache/cord-302279-d1or6wty.json key: cord-302279-d1or6wty authors: Kang, Chuanyuan; Yang, Shuran; Yuan, Jing; Xu, Li; Zhao, Xudong; Yang, Jianzhong title: Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-07 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102081 sha: doc_id: 302279 cord_uid: d1or6wty file: cache/cord-302254-egt9qdib.json key: cord-302254-egt9qdib authors: Amaral-Prado, Heloísa Monteiro; Borghi, Filipy; Mello, Tânia Maron Vichi Freire; Grassi-Kassisse, Dora Maria title: The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university date: 2020-11-08 journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/0020764020971318 sha: doc_id: 302254 cord_uid: egt9qdib file: cache/cord-302271-js06pel9.json key: cord-302271-js06pel9 authors: Primorac, Dragan; Matišić, Vid; Molnar, Vilim; Bahtijarević, Zoran; Polašek, Ozren title: Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model date: 2020-05-06 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010352 sha: doc_id: 302271 cord_uid: js06pel9 file: cache/cord-302310-16myb2n5.json key: cord-302310-16myb2n5 authors: Steffens, Ines title: A hundred days into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-04-09 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.14.2000550 sha: doc_id: 302310 cord_uid: 16myb2n5 file: cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.json key: cord-302393-hrz3bypr authors: Omrani, Ali S.; Almaslamani, Muna A.; Daghfal, Joanne; Alattar, Rand A.; Elgara, Mohamed; Shaar, Shahd H.; Ibrahim, Tawheeda B. H.; Zaqout, Ahmed; Bakdach, Dana; Akkari, Abdelrauof M.; Baiou, Anas; Alhariri, Bassem; Elajez, Reem; Husain, Ahmed A. M.; Badawi, Mohamed N.; Abid, Fatma Ben; Abu Jarir, Sulieman H.; Abdalla, Shiema; Kaleeckal, Anvar; Choda, Kris; Chinta, Venkateswara R.; Sherbash, Mohamed A.; Al-Ismail, Khalil; Abukhattab, Mohammed; Ait Hssain, Ali; Coyle, Peter V.; Bertollini, Roberto; Frenneaux, Michael P.; Alkhal, Abdullatif; Al-Kuwari, Hanan M. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 sha: doc_id: 302393 cord_uid: hrz3bypr file: cache/cord-302159-exexcag6.json key: cord-302159-exexcag6 authors: Wei, Yanqiu; Lu, Yanjun; Xia, Liming; Yuan, Xianglin; Li, Gang; Li, Xinying; Liu, Li; Liu, Wenhua; Zhou, Peng; Wang, Cong‐Yi; Zhang, Huilan title: Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26175 sha: doc_id: 302159 cord_uid: exexcag6 file: cache/cord-302319-61zcicvo.json key: cord-302319-61zcicvo authors: Abdelaziz, Hesham K; Abdelrahman, Amr; Nabi, Amjad; Debski, Maciej; Mentias, Amgad; Choudhury, Tawfiq; Patel, Billal; Saad, Marwan title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center date: 2020-05-11 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.022 sha: doc_id: 302319 cord_uid: 61zcicvo file: cache/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.json key: cord-302336-zj3oixvk authors: Clift, Ash K; Coupland, Carol A C; Keogh, Ruth H; Diaz-Ordaz, Karla; Williamson, Elizabeth; Harrison, Ewen M; Hayward, Andrew; Hemingway, Harry; Horby, Peter; Mehta, Nisha; Benger, Jonathan; Khunti, Kamlesh; Spiegelhalter, David; Sheikh, Aziz; Valabhji, Jonathan; Lyons, Ronan A; Robson, John; Semple, Malcolm G; Kee, Frank; Johnson, Peter; Jebb, Susan; Williams, Tony; Hippisley-Cox, Julia title: Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study date: 2020-10-21 journal: BMJ DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3731 sha: doc_id: 302336 cord_uid: zj3oixvk file: cache/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.json key: cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 authors: Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques title: COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial date: 2020-05-14 journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ph13050098 sha: doc_id: 302215 cord_uid: sqrbj5r4 file: cache/cord-302321-6x7hyald.json key: cord-302321-6x7hyald authors: Qiao, Shan; Li, Zhenlong; Weissman, Sharon; Li, Xiaoming; Olatosi, Bankole; Davis, Christal; Mansaray, Ali B. title: Disparity in HIV Service Interruption in the Outbreak of COVID-19 in South Carolina date: 2020-08-27 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03013-x sha: doc_id: 302321 cord_uid: 6x7hyald file: cache/cord-302384-gljfslhs.json key: cord-302384-gljfslhs authors: Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K.; Angawi, Khadijah; Alshareef, Noor; Qattan, Ameerah M. N.; Helmy, Hoda Z.; Abudawood, Yasmin; Alqurashi, Mohammed; Kattan, Waleed M.; Kadasah, Nasser Akeil; Chirwa, Gowokani Chijere; Alsharqi, Omar title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-27 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 sha: doc_id: 302384 cord_uid: gljfslhs file: cache/cord-302382-eifh95zm.json key: cord-302382-eifh95zm authors: Owji, Hajar; Negahdaripour, Manica; Hajighahramani, Nasim title: Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106924 sha: doc_id: 302382 cord_uid: eifh95zm file: cache/cord-302413-7a80jff2.json key: cord-302413-7a80jff2 authors: Brown, Timothy S.; Bedard, Nicholas A.; Rojas, Edward O.; Anthony, Christopher A.; Schwarzkopf, Ran; Lowry Barnes, C.; Stambough, Jeffrey B.; Mears, Simon C.; Edwards, Paul K.; Nandi, Sumon; Prieto, Herman; Parvizi, Javad title: The Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Electively Scheduled HIP and KNEE Arthroplasty Patients in THE United States date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.052 sha: doc_id: 302413 cord_uid: 7a80jff2 file: cache/cord-302214-ubepkkto.json key: cord-302214-ubepkkto authors: Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel title: Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview date: 2020-06-13 journal: Z Gesundh Wiss DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01316-w sha: doc_id: 302214 cord_uid: ubepkkto file: cache/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.json key: cord-302252-3hgy4msc authors: Yoon, Soon Ho; Lee, Kyung Hee; Kim, Jin Yong; Lee, Young Kyung; Ko, Hongseok; Kim, Ki Hwan; Park, Chang Min; Kim, Yun-Hyeon title: Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea date: 2020-02-26 journal: Korean J Radiol DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0132 sha: doc_id: 302252 cord_uid: 3hgy4msc file: cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.json key: cord-302421-tvy7uo7u authors: Brock, Rebecca L.; Laifer, Lauren M. title: Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date: 2020-07-14 journal: Fam Process DOI: 10.1111/famp.12582 sha: doc_id: 302421 cord_uid: tvy7uo7u file: cache/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.json key: cord-302497-5tydrrz1 authors: Bukhari, Nadia; Rasheed, Huma; Nayyer, Bismah; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din title: Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w sha: doc_id: 302497 cord_uid: 5tydrrz1 file: cache/cord-302431-13hperkz.json key: cord-302431-13hperkz authors: Blanchard, Janice; Haile‐ Mariam, Tenagne; Powell, Natasha; Terry, Aisha; Fair, Malika; Wilder, Marcee; Nakitende, Damali; Lucas, Jared; Davis, Griffin; Haywood, Yolanda title: For us, COVID‐19 is personal date: 2020-05-17 journal: Acad Emerg Med DOI: 10.1111/acem.14016 sha: doc_id: 302431 cord_uid: 13hperkz file: cache/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.json key: cord-302316-raf5rlkq authors: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: From pathogenesis models to the first drug trials date: 2020-06-23 journal: Microb Biotechnol DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13611 sha: doc_id: 302316 cord_uid: raf5rlkq file: cache/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.json key: cord-302442-jhio7mrl authors: Chrzanowski, Wojciech; Kim, Sally Yunsun; McClements, Lana title: Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections date: 2020-05-26 journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00554 sha: doc_id: 302442 cord_uid: jhio7mrl file: cache/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.json key: cord-302513-u9n56pnb authors: Breitinger, Scott; Gentry, Melanie T.; Hilty, Donald M. title: Key Opportunities for the COVID-19 Response to Create a Path to Sustainable Telemedicine Services date: 2020-10-01 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.034 sha: doc_id: 302513 cord_uid: u9n56pnb file: cache/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.json key: cord-302517-7vmyxbe9 authors: Díaz-Pérez, Carolina; Ramos, Carmen; López-Cruz, Alberto; Muñoz Olmedo, José; Lázaro González, Jimena; De Vega-Ríos, Enrique; González-Ávila, Carmen; Hervás, Carlos; Trillo, Santiago; Vivancos, José title: Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04679-w sha: doc_id: 302517 cord_uid: 7vmyxbe9 file: cache/cord-302526-g70hhisy.json key: cord-302526-g70hhisy authors: English, W.; Habib Bedwani, N.; Smith, C.; Shatkar, V. title: Investigation and management of suspected appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-13 journal: Br J Surg DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11787 sha: doc_id: 302526 cord_uid: g70hhisy file: cache/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.json key: cord-302535-rnmftg3j authors: van Blokland, I. V.; Lanting, P.; Ori, A. P.; Vonk, J. M.; Warmerdam, R. C.; Herkert, J. C.; Boulogne, F.; Claringbould, A.; Lopera-Maya, E. A.; Bartels, M.; Hottenga, J.-J.; Ganna, A.; Karjalainen, J.; Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study,; The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative,; Hayward, C.; Fawns-Ritchie, C.; Campbell, A.; Porteous, D.; Cirulli, E. T.; Schiabor Barrett, K. M.; Riffle, S.; Bolze, A.; White, S.; Tanudjaja, F.; Wang, X.; Ramirez, J. M.; Lim, Y. W.; Lu, J. T.; Washington, N. L.; de Geus, E. J.; Deelen, P.; Boezen, H. M.; Franke, L. H. title: Using symptom-based case predictions to identify host genetic factors that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility date: 2020-08-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 sha: doc_id: 302535 cord_uid: rnmftg3j file: cache/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.json key: cord-302451-irb7rj7d authors: Ssentongo, Anna E; Ssentongo, Paddy; Heilbrunn, Emily S; Lekoubou, Alain; Du, Ping; Liao, Duanping; Oh, John S; Chinchilli, Vernon M title: Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-05 journal: Open Heart DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001353 sha: doc_id: 302451 cord_uid: irb7rj7d file: cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.json key: cord-302463-uw7xantz authors: AĞALAR, Canan; ÖZTÜRK ENGİN, Derya title: Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-132 sha: doc_id: 302463 cord_uid: uw7xantz file: cache/cord-302625-evpw6o02.json key: cord-302625-evpw6o02 authors: Gaspar, Heloisa Amaral; de Oliveira, Cláudio Flauzino; Jacober, Fabiana Camolesi title: Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-20 journal: Einstein DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ce6053 sha: doc_id: 302625 cord_uid: evpw6o02 file: cache/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.json key: cord-302659-2hyiz5dr authors: Young, H. A.; Susi, A.; Kozel, P.; Towers, S.; Magnus, M.; Michaels, D. title: Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 journal: Ann Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.046 sha: doc_id: 302659 cord_uid: 2hyiz5dr file: cache/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.json key: cord-302786-ibt7mupq authors: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya; Shabarek, Nehad title: Fatal Outcome in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8691 sha: doc_id: 302786 cord_uid: ibt7mupq file: cache/cord-302667-ei151qpd.json key: cord-302667-ei151qpd authors: Sekar, Raghul; Alexander, Arun; Ganesan, Sivaraman title: Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-09-01 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02096-1 sha: doc_id: 302667 cord_uid: ei151qpd file: cache/cord-302756-343y63e5.json key: cord-302756-343y63e5 authors: Thachil, J; Agarwal, S. title: Understanding the COVID‐19 coagulopathy spectrum date: 2020-05-21 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15141 sha: doc_id: 302756 cord_uid: 343y63e5 file: cache/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.json key: cord-302576-fv2ib5vc authors: Barisione, Emanuela; Grillo, Federica; Ball, Lorenzo; Bianchi, Rita; Grosso, Marco; Morbini, Patrizia; Pelosi, Paolo; Patroniti, Nicolò Antonino; De Lucia, Arduino; Orengo, Giovanni; Gratarola, Angelo; Verda, Marta; Cittadini, Giuseppe; Mastracci, Luca; Fiocca, Roberto title: Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems date: 2020-09-28 journal: Virchows Arch DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02934-1 sha: doc_id: 302576 cord_uid: fv2ib5vc file: cache/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.json key: cord-302708-wt86pp4l authors: Bonell, Chris; Michie, Susan; Reicher, Stephen; West, Robert; Bear, Laura; Yardley, Lucy; Curtis, Val; Amlôt, Richard; Rubin, G James title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles date: 2020-08-01 journal: J Epidemiol Community Health DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214290 sha: doc_id: 302708 cord_uid: wt86pp4l file: cache/cord-302800-852w35od.json key: cord-302800-852w35od authors: Liu, Xuebing; Lin, Hong; Jiang, Haifeng; Li, Ruihua; Zhong, Na; Su, Hang; Li, Yi; Zhao, Min title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China date: 2020-04-19 journal: Gen Psychiatr DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100222 sha: doc_id: 302800 cord_uid: 852w35od file: cache/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.json key: cord-302595-t6yd3znu authors: Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa; Ejeta, Fikadu; Abebe, Lemi; Henok, Andualem; Nigussie, Tadesse; Kebede, Oliyad; Mamo, Yitagesu title: Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-17 journal: Int J Gen Med DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s263665 sha: doc_id: 302595 cord_uid: t6yd3znu file: cache/cord-302676-aarcjyia.json key: cord-302676-aarcjyia authors: Goldust, Mohamad; Shivakumar, Swathi; Kroumpouzos, George; Murrell, Dedee F.; Mueller, Simon M.; Navarini, Alexander A. title: Where do we stand as dermatologists in combat with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13638 sha: doc_id: 302676 cord_uid: aarcjyia file: cache/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.json key: cord-302758-i5pe61h1 authors: Pier, Matthew M.; Pasick, Luke J.; Benito, Daniel A.; Alnouri, Ghiath; Sataloff, Robert T. title: Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102615 sha: doc_id: 302758 cord_uid: i5pe61h1 file: cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.json key: cord-302842-idbmh1uo authors: Raza, Ali; Khan, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal; Ali, Qamar; Hussain, Tanveer; Narjis, Saadia title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2 sha: doc_id: 302842 cord_uid: idbmh1uo file: cache/cord-302806-1e99cygs.json key: cord-302806-1e99cygs authors: Bozkurt, Banu; Eğrilmez, Sait; Şengör, Tomris; Yıldırım, Özlem; İrkeç, Murat title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-04-29 journal: Turk J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.29805 sha: doc_id: 302806 cord_uid: 1e99cygs file: cache/cord-302684-r4ger87o.json key: cord-302684-r4ger87o authors: Whisenant, Jennifer G.; Trama, Annalisa; Torri, Valter; De Toma, Alessandro; Viscardi, Giuseppe; Cortellini, Alessio; Micheilin, Olivier; Barlesi, Fabrice; Dingemans, Anne-Marie C.; Van Meerbeeck, Jan; Pancaldi, Vera; Soo, Ross A.; Leighl, Natasha B.; Peters, Solange; Wakelee, Heather; Garassino, Marina Chiara; Horn, Leora title: TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration date: 2020-05-16 journal: Cancer Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 302684 cord_uid: r4ger87o file: cache/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.json key: cord-302864-2xnq1oq7 authors: Quartuccio, Luca; Sonaglia, Arianna; McGonagle, Dennis; Fabris, Martina; Peghin, Maddalena; Pecori, Davide; Monte, Amato De; Bove, Tiziana; Curcio, Francesco; Bassi, Flavio; Vita, Salvatore De; Tascini, Carlo title: Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104444 sha: doc_id: 302864 cord_uid: 2xnq1oq7 file: cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.json key: cord-302902-34vftqt9 authors: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan; Cheung, Po-Yin; Aziz, Khalid; Schmölzer, Georg M. title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00478 sha: doc_id: 302902 cord_uid: 34vftqt9 file: cache/cord-302947-flgwxc57.json key: cord-302947-flgwxc57 authors: Kipshidze, Nicholas; Iversen, Patrick; Porter, Thomas R.; Kipshidze, Nodar; Siddiqui, Fakiha; Dangas, George; Fareed, Jawed title: Targeted, Site-Specific, Delivery Vehicles of Therapeutics for COVID-19 Patients. Brief Review date: 2020-09-16 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620954911 sha: doc_id: 302947 cord_uid: flgwxc57 file: cache/cord-302566-pps56i3b.json key: cord-302566-pps56i3b authors: Kenyon, C. title: Intensive COVID-19 testing associated with reduced mortality - an ecological analysis of 108 countries date: 2020-05-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115691 sha: doc_id: 302566 cord_uid: pps56i3b file: cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.json key: cord-302886-5zjghwkq authors: Ronit, Andreas; Berg, Ronan M.G.; Bay, Jakob T.; Haugaard, Anna K.; Ahlström, Magnus G.; Burgdorf, Kristoffer S.; Ullum, Henrik; Rørvig, Sara B.; Tjelle, Klaus; Foss, Nicolai B.; Benfield, Thomas; Marquart, Hanne Vibeke; Plovsing, Ronni R. title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 302886 cord_uid: 5zjghwkq file: cache/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.json key: cord-302738-7gsm6fm7 authors: Guisado-Clavero, Marina; Ares-Blanco, Sara; Abdellah, Lubna Dani Ben title: Uso de aplicaciones móviles y páginas web para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en España date: 2020-09-09 journal: Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 302738 cord_uid: 7gsm6fm7 file: cache/cord-302939-z0071rwa.json key: cord-302939-z0071rwa authors: Erdeve, Ömer; Çetinkaya, Merih; Baş, Ahmet Yağmur; Narlı, Nejat; Duman, Nuray; Vural, Mehmet; Koç, Esin title: The Turkish Neonatal Society proposal for the management of COVID-19 in the neonatal intensive care unit date: 2020-06-19 journal: Turk Pediatri Ars DOI: 10.14744/turkpediatriars.2020.43788 sha: doc_id: 302939 cord_uid: z0071rwa file: cache/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.json key: cord-303023-rwfiug2c authors: Toombs, Jessica; Van den Abbeele, Koenraad; Democratis, Jane; Mandal, Amit K J; Missouris, Constantinos G title: Pneumococcal co‐infection in Covid‐19 patients date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26278 sha: doc_id: 303023 cord_uid: rwfiug2c file: cache/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.json key: cord-303000-tmk2c9eh authors: Alhaj, Ahmad Kh.; Al-Saadi, Tariq; Mohammad, Fadil; Alabri, Said title: Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic. date: 2020-05-16 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.087 sha: doc_id: 303000 cord_uid: tmk2c9eh file: cache/cord-302692-hlt879ef.json key: cord-302692-hlt879ef authors: Daniel, Michael G. title: Symptom Shame in the COVID-19 Era: Battling Our Instincts date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000724 sha: doc_id: 302692 cord_uid: hlt879ef file: cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.json key: cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 authors: Lin, Gary; Strauss, Alexandra T; Pinz, Maxwell; Martinez, Diego A; Tseng, Katie K; Schueller, Emily; Gatalo, Oliver; Yang, Yupeng; Levin, Simon A; Klein, Eili Y title: Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054338 sha: doc_id: 302774 cord_uid: ekw2oxw2 file: cache/cord-302987-znogutwp.json key: cord-302987-znogutwp authors: Nguyen, Anne X; Gervasio, Kalla A; Wu, Albert Y title: Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide date: 2020-07-07 journal: BMJ Open Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525 sha: doc_id: 302987 cord_uid: znogutwp file: cache/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.json key: cord-303081-sjxrvs4p authors: Davis, M. M.; Zickafoose, J. S.; Halvorson, A. E.; Patrick, S. title: Parents' Likelihood to Vaccinate Their Children and Themselves Against COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.10.20228759 sha: doc_id: 303081 cord_uid: sjxrvs4p file: cache/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.json key: cord-302821-b9ikg0xy authors: Gawałko, Monika; Kapłon-Cieślicka, Agnieszka; Hohl, Mathias; Dobrev, Dobromir; Linz, Dominik title: COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100631 sha: doc_id: 302821 cord_uid: b9ikg0xy file: cache/cord-303053-238eegeu.json key: cord-303053-238eegeu authors: Pellegrini, Marianna; Ponzo, Valentina; Rosato, Rosalba; Scumaci, Elena; Goitre, Ilaria; Benso, Andrea; Belcastro, Sara; Crespi, Chiara; De Michieli, Franco; Ghigo, Ezio; Broglio, Fabio; Bo, Simona title: Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the “Lockdown” Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency date: 2020-07-07 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12072016 sha: doc_id: 303053 cord_uid: 238eegeu file: cache/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.json key: cord-303068-g5y7fvy5 authors: Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad; Ahmad, Basaruddin; Ahmad, Paras; Khalid, Muhammad Danial; Butt, Danial Qasim; Khan, Soban Qadir title: Concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers in their working environment during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-09-20 journal: J Occup Health DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12168 sha: doc_id: 303068 cord_uid: g5y7fvy5 file: cache/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.json key: cord-303017-4zx94rm6 authors: Barbieri, Antonio; Robinson, Nirmal; Palma, Giuseppe; Maurea, Nicola; Desiderio, Vincenzo; Botti, Gerardo title: Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588724 sha: doc_id: 303017 cord_uid: 4zx94rm6 file: cache/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.json key: cord-303035-xfg3iczd authors: Zhong, Yajuan; Cao, Yacong; Zhong, Xiaozhu; Peng, Zhihang; Jiang, Sushi; Tang, Tiantian; Chen, Hai; Li, Xiaojia; Xia, Yankai; Cheng, Yanxiang; Zhao, Xiaomiao title: Immunity and Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Processes may Reduce the Risk of Severe Illness in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.032 sha: doc_id: 303035 cord_uid: xfg3iczd file: cache/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.json key: cord-303091-jky6jlrl authors: Cellai, Michele; O’Keefe, James B title: Characterization of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in an outpatient telemedicine clinic date: 2020-09-12 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa420 sha: doc_id: 303091 cord_uid: jky6jlrl file: cache/cord-302865-4znh4pja.json key: cord-302865-4znh4pja authors: Goldstein, Neal D.; Suder, Joanna S. title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Public Health Policy DOI: 10.1057/s41271-020-00257-8 sha: doc_id: 302865 cord_uid: 4znh4pja file: cache/cord-303046-unksl7p4.json key: cord-303046-unksl7p4 authors: Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel title: COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come date: 2020-06-11 journal: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0328-2 sha: doc_id: 303046 cord_uid: unksl7p4 file: cache/cord-303054-s1clwunc.json key: cord-303054-s1clwunc authors: Velly, Lionel; Gayat, Etienne; Jong, Audrey De; Quintard, Hervé; Weiss, Emmanuel; Cuvillon, Philippe; Audibert, Gerard; Amour, Julien; Beaussier, Marc; Biais, Matthieu; Bloc, Sébastien; Bonnet, Marie Pierre; Bouzat, Pierre; Brezac, Gilles; Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire; Dahmani, Souhayl; de Queiroz, Mathilde; Maria, Sophie Di; Ecoffey, Claude; Futier, Emmanuel; Geeraerts, Thomas; Jaber, Haithem; Heyer, Laurent; Hoteit, Rim; Joannes-Boyau, Olivier; Kern, Delphine; Langeron, Olivier; Lasocki, Sigismond; Launey, Yoan; Saché, Frederic le; Lukaszewicz, Anne Claire; Maurice-Szamburski, Axel; Mayeur, Nicolas; Michel, Fabrice; Minville, Vincent; Mirek, Sébastien; Montravers, Philippe; Morau, Estelle; Muller, Laurent; Muret, Jane; Nouette-Gaulain, Karine; Orban, Jean Christophe; Orliaguet, Gilles; Perrigault, Pierre François; Plantet, Florence; Pottecher, Julien; Quesnel, Christophe; Reubrecht, Vanessa; Rozec, Bertrand; Tavernier, Benoit; Veber, Benoit; Veyckmans, Francis; Charbonneau, Hélène; Constant, Isabelle; Frasca, Denis; Fischer, Marc-Olivier; Huraux, Catherine; Blet, Alice; Garnier, Marc title: Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 303054 cord_uid: s1clwunc file: cache/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.json key: cord-302937-3yivxfi8 authors: Robertson, Christopher T; Schaefer, K Aleks; Scheitrum, Daniel; Puig, Sergio; Joiner, Keith title: Indemnifying precaution: economic insights for regulation of a highly infectious disease date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa032 sha: doc_id: 302937 cord_uid: 3yivxfi8 file: cache/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.json key: cord-303030-8unrcb1f authors: Gaeta, Giuseppe title: Social distancing versus early detection and contacts tracing in epidemic management date: 2020-07-16 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110074 sha: doc_id: 303030 cord_uid: 8unrcb1f file: cache/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.json key: cord-303072-3whrbuq6 authors: Wong, Fui Lin; Antoniou, Georgia; Williams, Nicole; Cundy, Peter J. title: Disruption of paediatric orthopaedic hospital services due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a region with minimal COVID-19 illness date: 2020-08-01 journal: J Child Orthop DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200140 sha: doc_id: 303072 cord_uid: 3whrbuq6 file: cache/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.json key: cord-303034-w72oeoxq authors: Haischer, Michael H.; Beilfuss, Rachel; Hart, Meggie Rose; Opielinski, Lauren; Wrucke, David; Zirgaitis, Gretchen; Uhrich, Toni D.; Hunter, Sandra K. title: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-15 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240785 sha: doc_id: 303034 cord_uid: w72oeoxq file: cache/cord-303039-rteysj8j.json key: cord-303039-rteysj8j authors: Liu, Ming; Gao, Ya; Yuan, Yuan; Yang, Kelu; Shi, Shuzhen; Zhang, Junhua; Tian, Jinhui title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104896 sha: doc_id: 303039 cord_uid: rteysj8j file: cache/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.json key: cord-303115-bks0uvvr authors: Brown, Elizabeth A. title: COVID-19: Racism Is Like That date: 2020-10-19 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0063 sha: doc_id: 303115 cord_uid: bks0uvvr file: cache/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.json key: cord-303183-oya0pdhw authors: Bersanelli, Melissa title: COVID-19 and the newly rediscovered multidisciplinarity date: 2020-09-22 journal: Immunotherapy DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0205 sha: doc_id: 303183 cord_uid: oya0pdhw file: cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.json key: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 authors: Guo, Jing; Feng, Xing Lin; Wang, Xiao Hua; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H. title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113857 sha: doc_id: 303203 cord_uid: 1kpw4ru0 file: cache/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.json key: cord-303216-1pbuywz6 authors: Das, Gaurav; Mukherjee, Nabanita; Ghosh, Surajit title: Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: ACS Chem Neurosci DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00201 sha: doc_id: 303216 cord_uid: 1pbuywz6 file: cache/cord-303234-t95z02g9.json key: cord-303234-t95z02g9 authors: Muñoz, Miguel-Angel; López-Grau, Mercè title: Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain date: 2020-07-27 journal: The European journal of general practice DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1796962 sha: doc_id: 303234 cord_uid: t95z02g9 file: cache/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.json key: cord-303204-xaio3nx6 authors: Dami, Fabrice; Berthoz, Vincent title: Lausanne medical dispatch centre’s response to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med DOI: 10.1186/s13049-020-00735-8 sha: doc_id: 303204 cord_uid: xaio3nx6 file: cache/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.json key: cord-303237-xvba5mqq authors: Wang, L.-Y.; Cui, J.-J.; OuYang, Q.-Y.; Zhan, Y.; Wang, Y.-M.; Xu, X.-Y.; Guo, C.-X.; Yin, J. title: Genetic Profiles in Pharmacogenes Indicate Personalized Drug Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041350 sha: doc_id: 303237 cord_uid: xvba5mqq file: cache/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.json key: cord-303192-il3s8lgp authors: Tam, Lai‐Shan; Tanaka, Yoshiya; Handa, Rohini; Chang, Chi‐Chen; Cheng, Yew Kuang; Isalm, Nazrul; Li, Mengtao; Lorenzo, Jose Paulo; Song, Yeong‐Wook; Yamamoto, Kazuhiko; Zeng, Xiaofeng; Haq, Syed Atiqul title: Care for patients with rheumatic diseases during COVID‐19 pandemic: A position statement from APLAR date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13863 sha: doc_id: 303192 cord_uid: il3s8lgp file: cache/cord-303297-fiievwy7.json key: cord-303297-fiievwy7 authors: Oberemok, Volodymyr V.; Laikova, Kateryna V.; Yurchenko, Kseniya A.; Fomochkina, Irina I.; Kubyshkin, Anatolii V. title: SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship date: 2020-04-30 journal: Inflamm Res DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01352-y sha: doc_id: 303297 cord_uid: fiievwy7 file: cache/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.json key: cord-303100-ovrzcf84 authors: Maguire, Donogh; Woods, Marylynne; Richards, Conor; Dolan, Ross; Veitch, Jesse Wilson; Sim, Wei M. J.; Kemmett, Olivia E. H.; Milton, David C.; Randall, Sophie L. W.; Bui, Ly D.; Goldmann, Nicola; Cameron, Allan; Laird, Barry; Talwar, Dinesh; Godber, Ian; Davidson, Alan; McMillan, Donald C. title: Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02524-4 sha: doc_id: 303100 cord_uid: ovrzcf84 file: cache/cord-303107-f5k686pg.json key: cord-303107-f5k686pg authors: Yang, Yifan; Chen, Xuechen title: Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Chin Polit Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1 sha: doc_id: 303107 cord_uid: f5k686pg file: cache/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.json key: cord-303137-g2pe3ad8 authors: Moss, Emanuel; Metcalf, Jacob title: High Tech, High Risk: Tech Ethics Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response date: 2020-10-09 journal: Patterns (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100102 sha: doc_id: 303137 cord_uid: g2pe3ad8 file: cache/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.json key: cord-303330-zh8wzza5 authors: Magleby, Reed; Westblade, Lars F; Trzebucki, Alex; Simon, Matthew S; Rajan, Mangala; Park, Joel; Goyal, Parag; Safford, Monika M; Satlin, Michael J title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa851 sha: doc_id: 303330 cord_uid: zh8wzza5 file: cache/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.json key: cord-303395-r0nj16l9 authors: Basirjafari, Sedighe; Rafiee, Masoumeh; Shahhosseini, Babak; Mohammadi, Mehdi; Neshin, Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh; Zarei, Mohammad title: Association of Pediatric COVID‐19 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage date: 2020-08-14 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26434 sha: doc_id: 303395 cord_uid: r0nj16l9 file: cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.json key: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 authors: Iqbal, Sajid; Bilal, Ahmad Raza; Nurunnabi, Mohammad; Iqbal, Wasim; Alfakhri, Yazeed; Iqbal, Nadeem title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z sha: doc_id: 303102 cord_uid: ap1dzbp9 file: cache/cord-303331-xolksoy3.json key: cord-303331-xolksoy3 authors: Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza; Pouyan, Soheila; Farajzadeh, Zakariya; Sadhasivam, Nitheshnirmal; Heidari, Bahram; Babaei, Sedigheh; Tiefenbacher, John P. title: Assessment of the outbreak risk, mapping and infection behavior of COVID-19: Application of the autoregressive integrated-moving average (ARIMA) and polynomial models date: 2020-07-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236238 sha: doc_id: 303331 cord_uid: xolksoy3 file: cache/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.json key: cord-303240-tv1ta3z5 authors: Althoff, Keri N; Coburn, Sally B; Nash, Denis title: Contact tracing: Essential to the public health response and our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa757 sha: doc_id: 303240 cord_uid: tv1ta3z5 file: cache/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.json key: cord-303514-2ljmkabk authors: Recalcati, S.; Barbagallo, T.; Frasin, L.A.; Prestinari, F.; Cogliardi, A.; Provero, M.C.; Dainese, E.; Vanzati, A.; Fantini, F. title: Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16533 sha: doc_id: 303514 cord_uid: 2ljmkabk file: cache/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.json key: cord-303453-9nsk6vdi authors: Schlosser, Michael; Signorelli, Heather; Gregg, William; Korwek, Kimberly; Sands, Kenneth title: COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery date: 2020-07-18 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 303453 cord_uid: 9nsk6vdi file: cache/cord-303483-wendrxee.json key: cord-303483-wendrxee authors: Rubin, Geoffrey D.; Ryerson, Christopher J.; Haramati, Linda B.; Sverzellati, Nicola; Kanne, Jeffrey P.; Raoof, Suhail; Schluger, Neil W.; Volpi, Annalisa; Yim, Jae-Joon; Martin, Ian B. K.; Anderson, Deverick J.; Kong, Christina; Altes, Talissa; Bush, Andrew; Desai, Sujal R.; Goldin, Jonathan; Goo, Jin Mo; Humbert, Marc; Inoue, Yoshikazu; Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich; Luo, Fengming; Mazzone, Peter J.; Prokop, Mathias; Remy-Jardin, Martine; Richeldi, Luca; Schaefer-Prokop, Cornelia M.; Tomiyama, Noriyuki; Wells, Athol U.; Leung, Ann N. title: The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society date: 2020-04-07 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201365 sha: doc_id: 303483 cord_uid: wendrxee file: cache/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.json key: cord-303232-0lwmzjxz authors: Konig, Maximilian F; Powell, Mike; Staedtke, Verena; Bai, Ren-Yuan; Thomas, David L; Fischer, Nicole; Huq, Sakibul; Khalafallah, Adham M; Koenecke, Allison; Xiong, Ruoxuan; Mensh, Brett; Papadopoulos, Nickolas; Kinzler, Kenneth W; Vogelstein, Bert; Vogelstein, Joshua T; Athey, Susan; Zhou, Shibin; Bettegowda, Chetan title: Targeting the catecholamine-cytokine axis to prevent SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm syndrome date: 2020-04-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051565 sha: doc_id: 303232 cord_uid: 0lwmzjxz file: cache/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.json key: cord-303284-xwhxyy3d authors: Volpicelli, Giovanni; Lamorte, Alessandro; Villén, Tomás title: What’s new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06048-9 sha: doc_id: 303284 cord_uid: xwhxyy3d file: cache/cord-303414-fwamdr08.json key: cord-303414-fwamdr08 authors: Oztig, Lacin Idil; Askin, Oykum Esra title: Human Mobility and COVID-19: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis date: 2020-07-10 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 303414 cord_uid: fwamdr08 file: cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.json key: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg authors: Klabunde, Thomas; Giegerich, Clemens title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 sha: doc_id: 303489 cord_uid: ve1fgnyg file: cache/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.json key: cord-303363-uu9hb1c9 authors: Karimi, Mehran; De Sanctis, Vincenzo title: Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the “high clinical risk” category? date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9592 sha: doc_id: 303363 cord_uid: uu9hb1c9 file: cache/cord-303384-bgvagdft.json key: cord-303384-bgvagdft authors: Bilinska, Katarzyna; Butowt, Rafal title: Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism date: 2020-07-16 journal: ACS Chem Neurosci DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00406 sha: doc_id: 303384 cord_uid: bgvagdft file: cache/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.json key: cord-303603-4mi64bgm authors: Martínez-Urbistondo, Diego; Costa Segovia, Ramón; Suárez del Villar Carrero, Rafael; Risco Risco, Carlos; Villares Fernández, Paula title: Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) date: 2020-07-04 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa910 sha: doc_id: 303603 cord_uid: 4mi64bgm file: cache/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.json key: cord-303357-ufy8m1d1 authors: Wang, Gang; Wang, Lina; Liu, Xuebing; Ning, Yuping; Hao, Wei title: The challenge and response of mental health institutions in COVID-19 pandemic: from chaos to new normal date: 2020-11-06 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01059-y sha: doc_id: 303357 cord_uid: ufy8m1d1 file: cache/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.json key: cord-303523-m16vlv1q authors: Ogundokun, R. 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B. title: MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION FOR COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN INDIA date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107847 sha: doc_id: 303523 cord_uid: m16vlv1q file: cache/cord-303572-5np6373x.json key: cord-303572-5np6373x authors: Furstenburg, Phillip P.; Mukonkole, Suzan N.; Kibamba, Crispin N.; Kuiler, Ashley; Ngemntu, Nondumiso; Lahri, Sa’ad; van Hoving, Daniël J.; Moodley, Kitesh; Erasmus, Elaine title: Emergency centre reorganization in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic: A district hospital’s dynamic adaptation response date: 2020-09-16 journal: Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2514 sha: doc_id: 303572 cord_uid: 5np6373x file: cache/cord-303600-96vtj89w.json key: cord-303600-96vtj89w authors: Kapoor, Deeksha; Perwaiz, Azhar; Singh, Amanjeet; Chaudhary, Adarsh title: Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery in COVID Times date: 2020-10-22 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02642-9 sha: doc_id: 303600 cord_uid: 96vtj89w file: cache/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.json key: cord-303304-3jagd9o2 authors: Bellosta, Raffaello; Pegorer, Matteo Alberto; Bettari, Luca; Luzzani, Luca; Attisani, Luca; Fossati, Alessandro; Consoli, Letizia; Maffeo, Diego; Cuccia, Claudio; Terragnoli, Paolo; Bush, Ruth L.; Piffaretti, Gabriele title: Major cardiovascular events in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: experience of a cardiovascular Department of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-06 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.038 sha: doc_id: 303304 cord_uid: 3jagd9o2 file: cache/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.json key: cord-303571-ossmgzzn authors: Iorfa, S. K.; Ottu, I. F. A.; Oguntayo, R.; Ayandele, O.; Kolawole, S. O.; Gandi, J. C.; Dangiwa, A. L.; Olapegba, P. O. title: COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception and precautionary behaviour among Nigerians: A moderated mediation approach date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20104786 sha: doc_id: 303571 cord_uid: ossmgzzn file: cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.json key: cord-303601-o8uk6if2 authors: Tsay, Calvin; Lejarza, Fernando; Stadtherr, Mark A.; Baldea, Michael title: Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-01 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67459-8 sha: doc_id: 303601 cord_uid: o8uk6if2 file: cache/cord-303621-uipazeve.json key: cord-303621-uipazeve authors: Rajkumar, R. P. title: Genetic polymorphisms mediating behavioural and immune response to pathogens may moderate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20120998 sha: doc_id: 303621 cord_uid: uipazeve file: cache/cord-303407-n7j56sci.json key: cord-303407-n7j56sci authors: Popofsky, Stephanie; Noor, Asif; Leavens-Maurer, Jill; Quintos-Alagheband, Maria Lyn; Mock, Ann; Vinci, Alexandra; Magri, Eileen; Akerman, Meredith; Noyola, Estela; Rigaud, Mona; Pak, Billy; Lighter, Jennifer; Ratner, Adam J.; Hanna, Nazeeh; Krilov, Leonard title: Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Detection on Breastfeeding Due to Infant Separation at Birth date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 303407 cord_uid: n7j56sci file: cache/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.json key: cord-303631-u0rzxw7o authors: Hart, Andrew title: Cover Illustration: “Lockdown” mural, Bath Street, Glasgow, by the.rebel.bearUnshackling Plastic Surgery from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.082 sha: doc_id: 303631 cord_uid: u0rzxw7o file: cache/cord-303517-8971aq02.json key: cord-303517-8971aq02 authors: Cajamarca-Baron, Jairo; Guavita-Navarro, Diana; Buitrago-Bohorquez, Jhon; Gallego-Cardona, Laura; Navas, Angela; Cubides, Hector; Arredondo, Ana María; Escobar, Alejandro; Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Patients with some Degree of Immunosuppression date: 2020-10-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 303517 cord_uid: 8971aq02 file: cache/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.json key: cord-303516-1yfaxlp5 authors: Dyer, Jessica; Wilson, Kate; Badia, Jacinta; Agot, Kawango; Neary, Jillian; Njuguna, Irene; Kibugi, James; Healy, Elise; Beima-Sofie, Kristin; John-Stewart, Grace; Kohler, Pamela title: The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya date: 2020-08-20 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03005-x sha: doc_id: 303516 cord_uid: 1yfaxlp5 file: cache/cord-303585-8py6joh6.json key: cord-303585-8py6joh6 authors: Verma, Surjeet; Twilley, Danielle; Esmear, Tenille; Oosthuizen, Carel B.; Reid, Anna-Mari; Nel, Marizé; Lall, Namrita title: Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.561334 sha: doc_id: 303585 cord_uid: 8py6joh6 file: cache/cord-303609-9217t0ui.json key: cord-303609-9217t0ui authors: Baselga, María Trinidad; Fernández, María Luisa; Marín, Antonio; Fernández-Capitán, Carmen; Lorenzo, Alicia; Martínez-Alés, Gonzalo; Quintana, Manuel title: Trombosis y COVID-19: revisión de alcance date: 2020-09-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 303609 cord_uid: 9217t0ui file: cache/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.json key: cord-303442-5fjb6iz8 authors: Morshed, M. S.; Mosabbir, A. A.; Chowdhury, P.; Ashadullah, S. M.; Hossain, M. S. title: Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165100 sha: doc_id: 303442 cord_uid: 5fjb6iz8 file: cache/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.json key: cord-303659-mzez7v4d authors: Elsayed, Sarah M; Reddy, Mithun K; Murthy, Pooja M; Gupta, Ishita; Valiuskyte, Monika; Sánchez, Diana F; Diaz, Mark Anthony title: The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-05 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10264 sha: doc_id: 303659 cord_uid: mzez7v4d file: cache/cord-303656-wtqwghon.json key: cord-303656-wtqwghon authors: Faust, Jeremy; del Rio, Carlos title: Relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City, February 1 - April 18, 2020. date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20073551 sha: doc_id: 303656 cord_uid: wtqwghon file: cache/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.json key: cord-303667-z3tmy8hw authors: Yousefzai, Rayan; Bhimaraj, Arvind title: Misdiagnosis in the COVID era: When Zebras are Everywhere, Don’t Forget the Horses date: 2020-04-27 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 303667 cord_uid: z3tmy8hw file: cache/cord-303539-gimz41yb.json key: cord-303539-gimz41yb authors: Goudouris, Ekaterini S. title: Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19() date: 2020-08-31 journal: J Pediatr (Rio J) DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 303539 cord_uid: gimz41yb file: cache/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.json key: cord-303660-2bxpqhro authors: Direkoglu, C.; Sah, M. title: Worldwide and Regional Forecasting of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Spread using a Deep Learning Model date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111039 sha: doc_id: 303660 cord_uid: 2bxpqhro file: cache/cord-303661-etb19d6y.json key: cord-303661-etb19d6y authors: Shin, Hyoung-Shik title: Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.142 sha: doc_id: 303661 cord_uid: etb19d6y file: cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.json key: cord-303703-ekhwb5xb authors: Mash, Bob title: Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-31 journal: S Afr Fam Pract (2004) DOI: 10.4102/safp.v62i1.5115 sha: doc_id: 303703 cord_uid: ekhwb5xb file: cache/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.json key: cord-303690-8h58rmwk authors: Michelozzi, Paola; de’Donato, Francesca; Scortichini, Matteo; De Sario, Manuela; Noccioli, Fiammetta; Rossi, Pasqualino; Davoli, Marina title: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 date: 2020-05-14 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000620 sha: doc_id: 303690 cord_uid: 8h58rmwk file: cache/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.json key: cord-303651-fkdep6cp authors: Thompson, Robin N.; Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre; Isham, Valerie; Arribas-Bel, Daniel; Ashby, Ben; Britton, Tom; Challenor, Peter; Chappell, Lauren H. K.; Clapham, Hannah; Cunniffe, Nik J.; Dawid, A. Philip; Donnelly, Christl A.; Eggo, Rosalind M.; Funk, Sebastian; Gilbert, Nigel; Glendinning, Paul; Gog, Julia R.; Hart, William S.; Heesterbeek, Hans; House, Thomas; Keeling, Matt; Kiss, István Z.; Kretzschmar, Mirjam E.; Lloyd, Alun L.; McBryde, Emma S.; McCaw, James M.; McKinley, Trevelyan J.; Miller, Joel C.; Morris, Martina; O'Neill, Philip D.; Parag, Kris V.; Pearson, Carl A. B.; Pellis, Lorenzo; Pulliam, Juliet R. C.; Ross, Joshua V.; Tomba, Gianpaolo Scalia; Silverman, Bernard W.; Struchiner, Claudio J.; Tildesley, Michael J.; Trapman, Pieter; Webb, Cerian R.; Mollison, Denis; Restif, Olivier title: Key questions for modelling COVID-19 exit strategies date: 2020-08-12 journal: Proc Biol Sci DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1405 sha: doc_id: 303651 cord_uid: fkdep6cp file: cache/cord-303718-7bpap31f.json key: cord-303718-7bpap31f authors: Binder, Adam F.; Handley, Nathan R.; Wilde, Lindsay; Palmisiano, Neil; Lopez, Ana Maria title: Treating Hematologic Malignancies During a Pandemic: Utilizing Telehealth and Digital Technology to Optimize Care date: 2020-06-26 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01183 sha: doc_id: 303718 cord_uid: 7bpap31f file: cache/cord-303747-o09canse.json key: cord-303747-o09canse authors: Bennett, Courtney E.; Anavekar, Nandan S.; Gulati, Rajiv; Singh, Mandeep; Kane, Garvan C.; Sandoval, Yader; Foley, Thomas A.; Jaffe, Allan S.; Sandhu, Gurpreet S.; Bell, Malcolm R.; Askew, J. Wells title: ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties date: 2020-04-11 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 303747 cord_uid: o09canse file: cache/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.json key: cord-303787-dx1n8jap authors: Vonck, Kristl; Garrez, Ieme; De Herdt, Veerle; Hemelsoet, Dimitri; Laureys, Guy; Raedt, Robrecht; Boon, Paul title: Neurological manifestations and neuro‐invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 date: 2020-05-16 journal: Eur J Neurol DOI: 10.1111/ene.14329 sha: doc_id: 303787 cord_uid: dx1n8jap file: cache/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.json key: cord-303785-2y4a1luj authors: Suárez, V.; Suarez Quezada, M.; Oros Ruiz, S.; Ronquillo De Jesús, E. title: Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México: del 27 febrero al 30 de abril de 2020 date: 2020-05-27 journal: Rev Clin Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 303785 cord_uid: 2y4a1luj file: cache/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.json key: cord-303811-vr5nao8w authors: Binson, Guillaume; Venisse, Nicolas; Sauvaget, Alexis; Bacle, Astrid; Lazaro, Pauline; Dupuis, Antoine title: Preparation and physicochemical stability of 50 mg/ml hydroxychloroquine oral suspension in Syrspend pH4 dry date: 2020-10-16 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106201 sha: doc_id: 303811 cord_uid: vr5nao8w file: cache/cord-303959-e1654g5j.json key: cord-303959-e1654g5j authors: Vitiello, Antonio; Pelliccia, Chiara; Ferrara, Francesco title: COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Fibrotic Tissue: Clinical Pharmacological Rational of Antifibrotic Therapy date: 2020-08-27 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00487-7 sha: doc_id: 303959 cord_uid: e1654g5j file: cache/cord-303819-w1785lap.json key: cord-303819-w1785lap authors: Cortegiani, Andrea; Ippolito, Mariachiara; Ingoglia, Giulia; Iozzo, Pasquale; Giarratano, Antonino; Einav, Sharon title: Update I. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.019 sha: doc_id: 303819 cord_uid: w1785lap file: cache/cord-303960-86mukxg1.json key: cord-303960-86mukxg1 authors: Rahimi, Farid; Bezmin Abadi, Amin Talebi title: Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-24 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 303960 cord_uid: 86mukxg1 file: cache/cord-303917-2tu707ng.json key: cord-303917-2tu707ng authors: Zhang, Lei; Liu, Yunhui title: Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review date: 2020-03-03 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25707 sha: doc_id: 303917 cord_uid: 2tu707ng file: cache/cord-303991-pjycxlse.json key: cord-303991-pjycxlse authors: Shah, M. R. T.; Ahammed, T.; Anjum, A.; Chowdhury, A. A.; Suchana, A. J. title: Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.24.20218909 sha: doc_id: 303991 cord_uid: pjycxlse file: cache/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.json key: cord-304018-1fxjdl1m authors: Peters, Sanne A.E.; MacMahon, Stephen; Woodward, Mark title: Obesity as a risk factor for COVID‐19 mortality in women and men in the UK Biobank: comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease date: 2020-09-23 journal: Diabetes Obes Metab DOI: 10.1111/dom.14199 sha: doc_id: 304018 cord_uid: 1fxjdl1m file: cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.json key: cord-304016-4o2bpedp authors: Hanage, William P.; Testa, Christian; Chen, Jarvis T.; Davis, Letitia; Pechter, Elise; Seminario, Peg; Santillana, Mauricio; Krieger, Nancy title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date: 2020-11-02 journal: Eur J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00689-2 sha: doc_id: 304016 cord_uid: 4o2bpedp file: cache/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.json key: cord-303741-1ou0cy5k authors: Stafstrom, Carl E.; Jantzie, Lauren L. title: COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children date: 2020-09-10 journal: Children (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/children7090133 sha: doc_id: 303741 cord_uid: 1ou0cy5k file: cache/cord-303799-9hh17k86.json key: cord-303799-9hh17k86 authors: Huang, Ying; Yang, Rui; Xu, Ying; Gong, Ping title: Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 sha: doc_id: 303799 cord_uid: 9hh17k86 file: cache/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.json key: cord-304010-n4gxxl5i authors: Sung, Ho Kyung; Kim, Jin Yong; Heo, Jeonghun; Seo, Haesook; Jang, Young soo; Kim, Hyewon; Koh, Bo Ram; Jo, Neungsun; Oh, Hong Sang; Baek, Young Mi; Park, Kyung-Hwa; Shon, Jeung A; Kim, Min-Chul; Kim, Joon Ho; Chang, Hyun-Ha; Park, Yukyung; Kang, Yu Min; Lee, Dong Hyun; Oh, Dong Hyun; Park, Hyun Jung; Song, Kyoung-Ho; Lee, Eun Kyoung; Jeong, Hyeongseok; Lee, Ji Yeon; Ko, Ja-Young; Choi, Jihee; Ryu, Eun Hwa; Chung, Ki-hyun; Oh, Myoung-don title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020 date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e280 sha: doc_id: 304010 cord_uid: n4gxxl5i file: cache/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.json key: cord-303880-zv4nbz9p authors: Tsikala Vafea, Maria; Atalla, Eleftheria; Georgakas, Joanna; Shehadeh, Fadi; Mylona, Evangelia K.; Kalligeros, Markos; Mylonakis, Eleftherios title: Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Cell Mol Bioeng DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00629-w sha: doc_id: 303880 cord_uid: zv4nbz9p file: cache/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.json key: cord-303791-yw80ndg6 authors: Ashique, Karalikkattil T.; Kaliyadan, Feroze title: Teledermatology in the Wake of COVID -19 Scenario: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-05-10 journal: Indian Dermatol Online J DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_260_20 sha: doc_id: 303791 cord_uid: yw80ndg6 file: cache/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.json key: cord-304203-lhqvi3j0 authors: Barman, Manash Pratim; Rahman, Tousifur; Bora, Krishnarjun; Borgohain, Chandan title: COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study date: 2020-07-09 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 304203 cord_uid: lhqvi3j0 file: cache/cord-304285-mfztp5om.json key: cord-304285-mfztp5om authors: McNabb-Baltar, Julia; Jin, David X.; Grover, Amit S.; Redd, Walker D.; Zhou, Joyce C.; Hathorn, Kelly E.; McCarty, Thomas R.; Bazarbashi, Ahmad N.; Shen, Lin; Chan, Walter W. title: Lipase Elevation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000732 sha: doc_id: 304285 cord_uid: mfztp5om file: cache/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.json key: cord-303731-yrlzxtbw authors: Fong, Raymond; Tsai, Kelvin C. F.; Tong, Michael C. F.; Lee, Kathy Y. S. title: Management of Dysphagia in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Experiences date: 2020-08-18 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00464-0 sha: doc_id: 303731 cord_uid: yrlzxtbw file: cache/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.json key: cord-304230-rxhoe8cw authors: Hay-David, A.G.C.; Herron, J.B.T.; Gilling, P.; Miller, A.; Brennan, P.A. title: Reducing medical error during a pandemic date: 2020-04-11 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 304230 cord_uid: rxhoe8cw file: cache/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.json key: cord-304124-ym9mf5wz authors: Li, Jia; He, Xue; Yuanyuan; Zhang, Wei; Li, Xue; Zhang, Yuhua; Li, Shaoxiang; Guan, Chunyan; Gao, Zifen; Dong, Gehong title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 304124 cord_uid: ym9mf5wz file: cache/cord-304115-xs54f295.json key: cord-304115-xs54f295 authors: Zamaniyan, Marzieh; Ebadi, Aghdas; Aghajanpoor Mir, Samaneh; Rahmani, Zahra; Haghshenas, Mohammadreza; Azizi, Setareh title: Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID‐19 pneumonia and vertical transmission date: 2020-04-17 journal: Prenat Diagn DOI: 10.1002/pd.5713 sha: doc_id: 304115 cord_uid: xs54f295 file: cache/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.json key: cord-304208-jwlc8fxj authors: Vagni, Monia; Maiorano, Tiziana; Giostra, Valeria; Pajardi, Daniela title: Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy date: 2020-09-03 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912 sha: doc_id: 304208 cord_uid: jwlc8fxj file: cache/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.json key: cord-304306-rxjahqwh authors: Vlachakis, Dimitrios; Papakonstantinou, Eleni; Mitsis, Thanasis; Pierouli, Katerina; Diakou, Io; Chrousos, George; Bacopoulou, Flora title: Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic date: 2020-10-08 journal: Food Chem Toxicol DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805 sha: doc_id: 304306 cord_uid: rxjahqwh file: cache/cord-303860-jpy373ph.json key: cord-303860-jpy373ph authors: Huang, Zhifeng; Zhuang, Donglin; Xiong, Bing; Deng, David Xingfei; Li, Hanhua; Lai, Wen title: Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Burns Treatment During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol date: 2020-04-23 journal: Biomed Pharmacother DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110176 sha: doc_id: 303860 cord_uid: jpy373ph file: cache/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.json key: cord-304035-s9tkyuso authors: Inal, Jameel title: Biological Factors Linking ApoE ε4 Variant and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-02 journal: Curr Atheroscler Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00896-y sha: doc_id: 304035 cord_uid: s9tkyuso file: cache/cord-303397-lbpve38s.json key: cord-303397-lbpve38s authors: Liu, N.; Chee, M. 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H. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Evidence Map of Medical Literature date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093674 sha: doc_id: 303397 cord_uid: lbpve38s file: cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.json key: cord-304157-u0mlee6u authors: Nyasulu, Juliet; Pandya, Himani title: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date: 2020-07-22 journal: Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2480 sha: doc_id: 304157 cord_uid: u0mlee6u file: cache/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.json key: cord-304013-nzigx0k0 authors: Lipinski, Tom; Ahmad, Darem; Serey, Nicolas; Jouhara, Hussam title: Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings date: 2020-09-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100045 sha: doc_id: 304013 cord_uid: nzigx0k0 file: cache/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.json key: cord-304063-yb8rfd8r authors: Din, Misbahud; Asghar, Madiha; Ali, Muhammad title: COVID‐19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26348 sha: doc_id: 304063 cord_uid: yb8rfd8r file: cache/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.json key: cord-304108-kn9v8qmz authors: Aksu, Kurtuluş; Naziroğlu, Tuğba; Özkan, Pınar title: Factors determining COVID‐19 pneumonia severity in a country with routine BCG vaccination date: 2020-08-19 journal: Clin Exp Immunol DOI: 10.1111/cei.13507 sha: doc_id: 304108 cord_uid: kn9v8qmz file: cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.json key: cord-304280-2a84u4tm authors: Masic, Izet; Naser, Nabil; Zildzic, Muharem title: Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date: 2020-03-17 journal: Mater Sociomed DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.71-76 sha: doc_id: 304280 cord_uid: 2a84u4tm file: cache/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.json key: cord-304088-xkg0ylz8 authors: Zhu, Han; Rhee, June-Wha; Cheng, Paul; Waliany, Sarah; Chang, Amy; Witteles, Ronald M.; Maecker, Holden; Davis, Mark M.; Nguyen, Patricia K.; Wu, Sean M. title: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response date: 2020-04-21 journal: Curr Cardiol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01292-3 sha: doc_id: 304088 cord_uid: xkg0ylz8 file: cache/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.json key: cord-304101-b9na3yf6 authors: Yong, Suh Kuan; Su, Ping‐Chia; Yang, Yuh‐Shyong title: Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-18 journal: Biotechnol J DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000152 sha: doc_id: 304101 cord_uid: b9na3yf6 file: cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.json key: cord-304219-tmlatghe authors: Ojha, Rashi; Syed, Saba title: Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date: 2020-06-03 journal: Internet Interv DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100330 sha: doc_id: 304219 cord_uid: tmlatghe file: cache/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.json key: cord-304282-om2xc4bs authors: Berhan, Yifru title: Will Africa be Devastated by Covid-19 as Many Predicted? Perspective and Prospective date: 2020-05-17 journal: Ethiop J Health Sci DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.17 sha: doc_id: 304282 cord_uid: om2xc4bs file: cache/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.json key: cord-304313-nuz5yvht authors: Esser, Charlotte; Hochrath, Katrin; Schikowski, Tamara; Haarmann-Stemmann, Thomas title: COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed! date: 2020-06-05 journal: Arch Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02803-5 sha: doc_id: 304313 cord_uid: nuz5yvht file: cache/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.json key: cord-304352-zdxztb5h authors: Montgomery, Robert A.; Macdonald, David W. title: COVID-19, Health, Conservation, and Shared Wellbeing: Details Matter date: 2020-06-04 journal: Trends Ecol Evol DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 304352 cord_uid: zdxztb5h file: cache/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.json key: cord-304379-4mfyxp6h authors: Wang, Jin title: Mathematical models for COVID-19: applications, limitations, and potentials date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Public Health Emerg DOI: 10.21037/jphe-2020-05 sha: doc_id: 304379 cord_uid: 4mfyxp6h file: cache/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.json key: cord-304356-jyp9gjh9 authors: Grant, Rogan A.; Morales-Nebreda, Luisa; Markov, Nikolay S.; Swaminathan, Suchitra; Guzman, Estefany R.; Abbott, Darryl A.; Donnelly, Helen K.; Donayre, Alvaro; Goldberg, Isaac A.; Klug, Zasu M.; Borkowski, Nicole; Lu, Ziyan; Kihshen, Hermon; Politanska, Yuliya; Sichizya, Lango; Kang, Mengjia; Shilatifard, Ali; Qi, Chao; Argento, A. Christine; Kruser, Jacqueline M.; Malsin, Elizabeth S.; Pickens, Chiagozie O.; Smith, Sean; Walter, James M.; Pawlowski, Anna E.; Schneider, Daniel; Nannapaneni, Prasanth; Abdala-Valencia, Hiam; Bharat, Ankit; Gottardi, Cara J.; Budinger, GR Scott; Misharin, Alexander V.; Singer, Benjamin D.; Wunderink, Richard G. title: Alveolitis in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is driven by self-sustaining circuits between infected alveolar macrophages and T cells date: 2020-08-05 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.238188 sha: doc_id: 304356 cord_uid: jyp9gjh9 file: cache/cord-304327-mtkgr542.json key: cord-304327-mtkgr542 authors: Jouffroy, Romain; Jost, Daniel; Prunet, Bertrand title: Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-08 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03036-9 sha: doc_id: 304327 cord_uid: mtkgr542 file: cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.json key: cord-304490-q9ab1pji authors: Iqbal, Najaf; Fareed, Zeeshan; Shahzad, Farrukh; He, Xin; Shahzad, Umer; Lina, Ma title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 sha: doc_id: 304490 cord_uid: q9ab1pji file: cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.json key: cord-304418-k9owyolj authors: Le Maréchal, M.; Morand, P.; Epaulard, O.; Némoz, B. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 journal: Med Mal Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.012 sha: doc_id: 304418 cord_uid: k9owyolj file: cache/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.json key: cord-304526-hoybp1h6 authors: Kwon, Ki Tae; Ko, Jae-Hoon; Shin, Heejun; Sung, Minki; Kim, Jin Yong title: Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak date: 2020-03-16 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123 sha: doc_id: 304526 cord_uid: hoybp1h6 file: cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.json key: cord-304399-7t2mu13s authors: Wynne, Keona Jeane; Petrova, Mila; Coghlan, Rachel title: Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105943 sha: doc_id: 304399 cord_uid: 7t2mu13s file: cache/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.json key: cord-304340-9mrtic2k authors: Karacan, Ilker; Akgun, Tugba Kizilboga; Agaoglu, N. Bugra; Irvem, Arzu; Alkurt, Gizem; Yildiz, Jale; Kose, Betsi; Ozel, A. Serra; Altunal, L. Nilsun; Can, Nisan Denizce; Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir; Aydin, Mehtap; Dogan, Ozlem Akgun; Doganay, Levent; Doganay, Gizem Dinler title: The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey date: 2020-05-15 journal: North Clin Istanb DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.90532 sha: doc_id: 304340 cord_uid: 9mrtic2k file: cache/cord-304328-6lwhuido.json key: cord-304328-6lwhuido authors: Khaled, Arwa; Siddiqua, Ayesha; Makki, Soha title: The Knowledge and Attitude of the Community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, Toward COVID-19 and Their Precautionary Measures Against the Disease date: 2020-09-30 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s271899 sha: doc_id: 304328 cord_uid: 6lwhuido file: cache/cord-304321-y177sqee.json key: cord-304321-y177sqee authors: Cho, Ryan H. W.; Yeung, Zenon W. C.; Ho, Osan Y. M.; Lo, Jacky F. W.; Siu, Alice K. Y.; Kwan, Wendy M. Y.; To, Zion W. H.; Chan, Anthony W. H.; Chan, Becky Y. T.; Fung, Kitty S. C.; Abdullah, Victor; Tong, Michael C. F.; Ku, Peter K. M. title: Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00427-4 sha: doc_id: 304321 cord_uid: y177sqee file: cache/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.json key: cord-304429-qmcrvufu authors: Deepmala,; Srivastava, N. K.; Kumar, V.; Singh, S. K. title: Analysis and prediction of Covid-19 spreading through Bayesian modelling with a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India date: 2020-08-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20180265 sha: doc_id: 304429 cord_uid: qmcrvufu file: cache/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.json key: cord-304474-hfv43e9m authors: Marchese, Valentina; Crosato, Verena; Gulletta, Maurizio; Castelnuovo, Filippo; Cristini, Graziella; Matteelli, Alberto; Castelli, Francesco title: Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia date: 2020-09-10 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01522-4 sha: doc_id: 304474 cord_uid: hfv43e9m file: cache/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.json key: cord-304495-j3kh7tou authors: Ohnleiter, Thomas; Piot, Luc; Rogenmuser, Agathe; Noirclerc, Monique; Hamlaoui, Rabah; Grandgirard, Alain title: Organisation d’un service de radiothérapie pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19 : expérience du centre hospitalier de Mulhouse date: 2020-04-17 journal: Cancer Radiother DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 304495 cord_uid: j3kh7tou file: cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.json key: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 authors: Goodarzi, Pedram; Mahdavi, Farzad; Mirzaei, Rasoul; Hasanvand, Hamze; Sholeh, Mohammad; Zamani, Farhad; Sohrabi, Masodreza; Tabibzadeh, Alireza; Jeda, Ali Salimi; Niya, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie; Keyvani, Hossein; Karampoor, Sajad title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106885 sha: doc_id: 304479 cord_uid: uxp1kg86 file: cache/cord-304636-houm2zcu.json key: cord-304636-houm2zcu authors: Guillan, Marta; Villacieros-Alvarez, Javier; Bellido, Sara; Peremarch, Concepcion Perez-Jorge; Suarez-Vega, Victor M.; Aragones-Garcia, Maria; Cabrera-Rojo, Celina; Fernandez-Ferro, Jose title: Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-06-09 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 304636 cord_uid: houm2zcu file: cache/cord-304388-pth2d40p.json key: cord-304388-pth2d40p authors: Lai, Chih-Cheng; Liu, Yen Hung; Wang, Cheng-Yi; Wang, Ya-Hui; Hsueh, Shun-Chung; Yen, Muh-Yen; Ko, Wen-Chien; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012 sha: doc_id: 304388 cord_uid: pth2d40p file: cache/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.json key: cord-304550-6j1pb1pu authors: Yongchen, Zhang; Shen, Han; Wang, Xinning; Shi, Xudong; Li, Yang; Yan, Jiawei; Chen, Yuxin; Gu, Bing title: Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-02 journal: Emerg Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1756699 sha: doc_id: 304550 cord_uid: 6j1pb1pu file: cache/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.json key: cord-304573-3nhglbw4 authors: Bola, Sumrit; Jaikaransingh, Dominic; Winter, Stuart C title: COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal? date: 2020-11-06 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06458-x sha: doc_id: 304573 cord_uid: 3nhglbw4 file: cache/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.json key: cord-304791-wv4qu9xm authors: Carfora, Vincenzo; Spiniello, Giorgio; Ricciolino, Riccardo; Di Mauro, Marco; Migliaccio, Marco Giuseppe; Mottola, Filiberto Fausto; Verde, Nicoletta; Coppola, Nicola title: Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02242-0 sha: doc_id: 304791 cord_uid: wv4qu9xm file: cache/cord-304656-v0fyb161.json key: cord-304656-v0fyb161 authors: Balayla, J.; Lasry, A.; Gil, Y.; Volodarsky-Perel, A. title: Prevalence Threshold and Temporal Interpretation of Screening Tests: The Example of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104927 sha: doc_id: 304656 cord_uid: v0fyb161 file: cache/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.json key: cord-304450-1ub3xzsv authors: Ralph, Paul; Baltes, Sebastian; Adisaputri, Gianisa; Torkar, Richard; Kovalenko, Vladimir; Kalinowski, Marcos; Novielli, Nicole; Yoo, Shin; Devroey, Xavier; Tan, Xin; Zhou, Minghui; Turhan, Burak; Hoda, Rashina; Hata, Hideaki; Robles, Gregorio; Milani Fard, Amin; Alkadhi, Rana title: Pandemic programming: How COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help date: 2020-09-14 journal: Empir Softw Eng DOI: 10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y sha: doc_id: 304450 cord_uid: 1ub3xzsv file: cache/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.json key: cord-304928-qcwtgx2b authors: Pasini, Elena; Bisulli, Francesca; Volpi, Lilia; Minardi, Irene; Tappatà, Maria; Muccioli, Lorenzo; Pensato, Umberto; Riguzzi, Patrizia; PaoloTinuper,; Michelucci, Roberto title: EEG findings in COVID-19 related encephalopathy date: 2020-07-18 journal: Clin Neurophysiol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 304928 cord_uid: qcwtgx2b file: cache/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.json key: cord-304766-h9kuytuf authors: Lei, Hao; Xu, Modi; Wang, Xiao; Xie, Yu; Du, Xiangjun; Chen, Tao; Yang, Lei; Wang, Dayan; Shu, Yuelong title: Non-pharmaceutical interventions used to control COVID-19 reduced seasonal influenza transmission in China date: 2020-09-08 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa570 sha: doc_id: 304766 cord_uid: h9kuytuf file: cache/cord-304664-rha9pwob.json key: cord-304664-rha9pwob authors: Liu, N.; Hong, Y.; Chen, R.-G.; Zhu, H.-M. title: High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20080432 sha: doc_id: 304664 cord_uid: rha9pwob file: cache/cord-304780-lbq70q11.json key: cord-304780-lbq70q11 authors: Han, Changwoo; Hong, Yun-Chul title: Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea date: 2020-07-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155279 sha: doc_id: 304780 cord_uid: lbq70q11 file: cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.json key: cord-304802-44m7u1oz authors: Settersten, Richard A.; Bernardi, Laura; Härkönen, Juho; Antonucci, Toni C.; Dykstra, Pearl A.; Heckhausen, Jutta; Kuh, Diana; Mayer, Karl Ulrich; Moen, Phyllis; Mortimer, Jeylan T.; Mulder, Clara H.; Smeeding, Timothy M.; van der Lippe, Tanja; Hagestad, Gunhild O.; Kohli, Martin; Levy, René; Schoon, Ingrid; Thomson, Elizabeth title: Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date: 2020-07-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100360 sha: doc_id: 304802 cord_uid: 44m7u1oz file: cache/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.json key: cord-304956-zqm5fl38 authors: Vinayachandran, Divya; Balasubramanian, SaravanaKarthikeyan title: Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID‐19? date: 2020-05-18 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13371 sha: doc_id: 304956 cord_uid: zqm5fl38 file: cache/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.json key: cord-304610-6o3hydg6 authors: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde; Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade; Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab; Folorunso, Jamiu Bello; Akinbolaji, Thompson; Olawoye, Idowu Bolade title: Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2280 sha: doc_id: 304610 cord_uid: 6o3hydg6 file: cache/cord-304895-fw7qt571.json key: cord-304895-fw7qt571 authors: Belhouideg, Soufiane title: Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int J Health Plann Manage DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3009 sha: doc_id: 304895 cord_uid: fw7qt571 file: cache/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.json key: cord-304601-e6qlx1r6 authors: Garcez, Flavia Barreto; Aliberti, Marlon Juliano Romero; Poco, Paula Cristina Eiras; Hiratsuka, Marcel; de Fatima Takahashi, Silvia; Coelho, Venceslau Antonio; Salotto, Danute Bareisys; Moreira, Marlos Luiz Villela; Jacob Filho, Wilson; Avelino Silva, Thiago J. title: Delirium and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16803 sha: doc_id: 304601 cord_uid: e6qlx1r6 file: cache/cord-304603-u7cph27q.json key: cord-304603-u7cph27q authors: Chen, Shi; Yang, Yang; Lin, Jyh-Horng title: Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 journal: Financ Res Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101744 sha: doc_id: 304603 cord_uid: u7cph27q file: cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.json key: cord-304838-r9w8milu authors: Olaseni, Abayomi O.; Akinsola, Olusola S.; Agberotimi, Samson F.; Oguntayo, Rotimi title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date: 2020-12-31 journal: Social Sciences & Humanities Open DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052 sha: doc_id: 304838 cord_uid: r9w8milu file: cache/cord-304576-ds3udegk.json key: cord-304576-ds3udegk authors: Sommerstein, Rami; Kochen, Michael M.; Messerli, Franz H.; Gräni, Christoph title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Do Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect? date: 2020-04-01 journal: J Am Heart Assoc DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016509 sha: doc_id: 304576 cord_uid: ds3udegk file: cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.json key: cord-304798-j2tyjo1j authors: Rapkiewicz, Amy V.; Mai, Xingchen; Carsons, Steven E.; Pittaluga, Stefania; Kleiner, David E.; Berger, Jeffrey S.; Thomas, Sarun; Adler, Nicole M.; Charytan, David M.; Gasmi, Billel; Hochman, Judith S.; Reynolds, Harmony R. title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date: 2020-06-25 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100434 sha: doc_id: 304798 cord_uid: j2tyjo1j file: cache/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.json key: cord-304813-10n1ol1g authors: Piccolo, Vincenzo; Neri, Iria; Manunza, Francesca; Mazzatenta, Carlo; Bassi, Andrea title: Chilblain‐like lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: should we really worry? date: 2020-06-04 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14993 sha: doc_id: 304813 cord_uid: 10n1ol1g file: cache/cord-304966-w2voi8en.json key: cord-304966-w2voi8en authors: Cummings, Cori; Almallouhi, Eyad; Al Kasab, Sami; Spiotta, Alejandro M.; Holmstedt, Christine A. title: Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From the Buckle of the Stroke Belt date: 2020-08-17 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031121 sha: doc_id: 304966 cord_uid: w2voi8en file: cache/cord-304746-7yzybukk.json key: cord-304746-7yzybukk authors: Li, Xinye; Pan, Xiandu; Li, Yanda; An, Na; Xing, Yanfen; Yang, Fan; Tian, Li; Sun, Jiahao; Gao, Yonghong; Shang, Hongcai; Xing, Yanwei title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date: 2020-07-28 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z sha: doc_id: 304746 cord_uid: 7yzybukk file: cache/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.json key: cord-305000-yx4fu9ds authors: Riley, Matthew J.; Rory Hicks, Scott; Irvine, Sharon; Blanchard, Tom J.; Britton, Edward; Shawki, Howida; Sajid Pervaiz, Muhammad; Fletcher, Tom title: Hereditary haemochromatosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 journal: Clin Infect Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100052 sha: doc_id: 305000 cord_uid: yx4fu9ds file: cache/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.json key: cord-304872-hnxmtbrf authors: Lv, Hao; Zhang, Wei; Zhu, Zhanyong; Xiong, Qiutang; Xiang, Rong; Wang, Yingying; Shi, Wendan; Deng, Zhifeng; Xu, Yu title: Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-17 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.039 sha: doc_id: 304872 cord_uid: hnxmtbrf file: cache/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.json key: cord-304946-fs02dxg5 authors: Brochez, L.; Baurain, J.F.; Del Marmol, V.; Nikkels, A.; Kruse, V.; Sales, F.; Stas, M.; Van Laethem, A.; Garmyn, M. title: Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-12 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16772 sha: doc_id: 304946 cord_uid: fs02dxg5 file: cache/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.json key: cord-305025-pqye1ebh authors: Sharifi, Majid; Hasan, Anwarul; Taghizadeh, Akbar; Haghighat, Setareh; Attar, Farnoosh; Bloukh, Samir Haj; Edis, Zehra; Xue, Mengzhou; Khan, Suliman; Falahati, Mojtaba title: Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: challenges and opportunities date: 2020-09-28 journal: Talanta DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121704 sha: doc_id: 305025 cord_uid: pqye1ebh file: cache/cord-305048-y42o6exe.json key: cord-305048-y42o6exe authors: Sugimoto, Hiroshi; Kohama, Takuya title: Chest tube with air leaks is a potential “super spreader” of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 305048 cord_uid: y42o6exe file: cache/cord-304898-he57l0y7.json key: cord-304898-he57l0y7 authors: Belghmaidi, Sarah; Nassih, Houda; Boutgayout, Saloua; Fakiri, Karima El; Qadiri, Rabiy El; Hajji, Ibtissam; Bourahouate, Aicha; Moutaouakil, Abdeljalil title: Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Presenting with Unilateral Diplopia and Strabismus in a 24-Year-Old Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925897 sha: doc_id: 304898 cord_uid: he57l0y7 file: cache/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.json key: cord-305044-lrxzeysw authors: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali; Nikzad, Paria title: An Invited commentary on ‘’ Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article’’ date: 2020-07-15 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 305044 cord_uid: lrxzeysw file: cache/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.json key: cord-304996-st1nn3pc authors: Baggiani, Angelo; Briani, Silvia; Luchini, Grazia; Giraldi, Mauro; Milli, Carlo; Cristaudo, Alfonso; Trillini, Lucia; Rossi, Lorenzo; Gaffi, Stefano; Ceccanti, Giovanni; Martino, Maria Carola; Marchetti, Federica; Pardi, Marinella; Escati, Fabio; Scateni, Monica; Frangioni, Simona; Ciucci, Antonella; Arzilli, Guglielmo; Sironi, Daniele; Mariottini, Francesco; Papini, Francesca; Casigliani, Virginia; Scardina, Giuditta; Visi, Giacomo; Bisordi, Costanza; Mariotti, Tommaso; Gemignani, Giulia; Casini, Beatrice; Porretta, Andrea; Tavoschi, Lara; Totaro, Michele; Privitera, Gaetano Pierpaolo title: Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207376 sha: doc_id: 304996 cord_uid: st1nn3pc file: cache/cord-305057-elglyass.json key: cord-305057-elglyass authors: Dutt, Tina; Simcox, David; Downey, Colin; McLenaghan, Daniella; King, Charlotte; Gautam, Manish; Lane, Steven; Burhan, Hassan title: Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa—the Missing Factor? date: 2020-08-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1654le sha: doc_id: 305057 cord_uid: elglyass file: cache/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.json key: cord-305059-8z54lw2d authors: Qu, Jie-Ming; Cao, Bin; Chen, Rong-Chang title: Chapter 4 Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2021-12-31 journal: COVID-19 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824003-8.00004-8 sha: doc_id: 305059 cord_uid: 8z54lw2d file: cache/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.json key: cord-304925-9gvx3swf authors: Xie, Zhixiang; Qin, Yaochen; Li, Yang; Shen, Wei; Zheng, Zhicheng; Liu, Shirui title: Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date: 2020-07-14 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929 sha: doc_id: 304925 cord_uid: 9gvx3swf file: cache/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.json key: cord-305076-v56y5nyt authors: Singh, Parmvir; Schwartz, Robert A. title: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Devastating Systemic Disorder of Special Concern with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14053 sha: doc_id: 305076 cord_uid: v56y5nyt file: cache/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.json key: cord-305089-y5cdqlze authors: González-García, Andrés; García-Sánchez, Isabel; Lopes, Vanessa; Moreno-Arrones, Oscar Muñoz; Tortosa-Cabañas, Marina; Elías-Sáenz, Isabel; Hernández-Rodríguez, José title: Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 with subcutaneous anakinra as a sole treatment date: 2020-06-22 journal: Rheumatology (Oxford) DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa318 sha: doc_id: 305089 cord_uid: y5cdqlze file: cache/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.json key: cord-304983-u2yag4gf authors: Albani, Filippo; Sepe, Lilia; Fusina, Federica; Prezioso, Chiara; Baronio, Manuela; Caminiti, Federica; Di Maio, Antonella; Faggian, Barbara; Franceschetti, Maria Elena; Massari, Marco; Salvaggio, Marcello; Natalini, Giuseppe title: Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin is associated with a lower death rate in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cohort study date: 2020-10-05 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100562 sha: doc_id: 304983 cord_uid: u2yag4gf file: cache/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.json key: cord-305134-s7h6bpof authors: Mackman, Nigel; Antoniak, Silvio; Wolberg, Alisa S.; Kasthuri, Raj; Key, Nigel S. title: Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses date: 2020-07-13 journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314514 sha: doc_id: 305134 cord_uid: s7h6bpof file: cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.json key: cord-305110-mujpekyu authors: Cloud, David H.; Ahalt, Cyrus; Augustine, Dallas; Sears, David; Williams, Brie title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05968-y sha: doc_id: 305110 cord_uid: mujpekyu file: cache/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.json key: cord-305068-9qh8vgtc authors: Pinto Pereira, João; Hantson, Philippe; Gerard, Ludovic; Wittebole, Xavier; Laterre, Pierre-François; Lambert, Catherine; Hermans, Cédric title: Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date: 2020-09-25 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510591 sha: doc_id: 305068 cord_uid: 9qh8vgtc file: cache/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.json key: cord-305136-tnvp3n1g authors: Hauer, Karen E.; Lockspeiser, Tai M.; Chen, H. Carrie title: The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change date: 2020-10-07 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003764 sha: doc_id: 305136 cord_uid: tnvp3n1g file: cache/cord-305073-8301zqj9.json key: cord-305073-8301zqj9 authors: Alhakeem, Ayat; Khan, Muhammad Mohsin; Al Soub, Hussam; Yousaf, Zohaib title: Case Report: COVID-19–Associated Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax—A Literature Review date: 2020-07-14 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0680 sha: doc_id: 305073 cord_uid: 8301zqj9 file: cache/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.json key: cord-305179-c6d2vym9 authors: Vaid, Shashank; Kalantar, Reza; Bhandari, Mohit title: Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04609-7 sha: doc_id: 305179 cord_uid: c6d2vym9 file: cache/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.json key: cord-305169-5b4b0qx2 authors: Gao, Liang-qin; Xu, Jing; Chen, Shao-dong title: In Silico Screening of Potential Chinese Herbal Medicine Against COVID-19 by Targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II Using Molecular Docking date: 2020-07-06 journal: Chin J Integr Med DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3476-x sha: doc_id: 305169 cord_uid: 5b4b0qx2 file: cache/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.json key: cord-305266-fuaq4ujb authors: Gong, Yue; Ma, Ting-can; Xu, Yang-yang; Yang, Rui; Gao, Lan-jun; Wu, Si-hua; Li, Jing; Yue, Ming-liang; Liang, Hui-gang; He, Xiao; Yun, Tao title: Early Research on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis date: 2020-08-05 journal: Innovation DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100027 sha: doc_id: 305266 cord_uid: fuaq4ujb file: cache/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.json key: cord-305226-9iedjcr6 authors: Dua, Anisha B; Kilian, Adam; Grainger, Rebecca; Fantus, Sarah A; Wallace, Zachary S; Buttgereit, Frank; Jonas, Beth L title: Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach date: 2020-10-16 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05449-x sha: doc_id: 305226 cord_uid: 9iedjcr6 file: cache/cord-305139-851v2qr3.json key: cord-305139-851v2qr3 authors: Peys, Elise; Stevens, Dieter; Weygaerde, Yannick Vande; Malfait, Thomas; Hermie, Laurens; Rogiers, Philippe; Depuydt, Pieter; Van Braeckel, Eva title: Haemoptysis as the first presentation of COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-22 journal: BMC Pulm Med DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01312-6 sha: doc_id: 305139 cord_uid: 851v2qr3 file: cache/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.json key: cord-305183-6ixjbbek authors: Mehrotra, S.; Rahimian, H.; Barah, M.; Luo, F.; Schantz, K. title: A Model for Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051078 sha: doc_id: 305183 cord_uid: 6ixjbbek file: cache/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.json key: cord-305283-1bg1ykui authors: ElSeirafi, Mohamed MA.; Hasan, Hasan MSN.; Sridharan, Kannan; Zamoori, Alaa; Alkhawaja, Sana; Pasha, Sheikh Abdulla A. title: Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection in Bahrain: A report of 5 cases date: 2020-06-23 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101139 sha: doc_id: 305283 cord_uid: 1bg1ykui file: cache/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.json key: cord-305281-vlsy1ofk authors: Cuschieri, Sarah; MEng, Elena Pallari; Hatziyiann, Amalia; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurðardóttir, Árún Kristín title: Dealing with COVID-19 in small European island states: Cyprus, Iceland and Malta date: 2020-11-12 journal: Early Hum Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105261 sha: doc_id: 305281 cord_uid: vlsy1ofk file: cache/cord-305299-vbhilmve.json key: cord-305299-vbhilmve authors: Santos, C. Sieiro; Morales, C. Moriano; Álvarez, E. Díez; Castro, C. Álvarez; Robles, A. López; Sandoval, T. Perez title: Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with underlying rheumatic disease date: 2020-07-27 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05301-2 sha: doc_id: 305299 cord_uid: vbhilmve file: cache/cord-305262-23qylbmg.json key: cord-305262-23qylbmg authors: Rowan, Neil J.; Laffey, John G. title: Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date: 2020-09-10 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259 sha: doc_id: 305262 cord_uid: 23qylbmg file: cache/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.json key: cord-305297-ync3dhyz authors: Flanders, W. Dana; Flanders, William D.; Goodman, Michael title: The Association of Voter Turnout with County-level COVID-19 Occurrence Early in the Pandemic date: 2020-07-01 journal: Ann Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 305297 cord_uid: ync3dhyz file: cache/cord-305389-n5cppi72.json key: cord-305389-n5cppi72 authors: D’Alonzo, Daniele; De Fenza, Maria; Pavone, Vincenzo title: COVID-19 and pneumonia: a role for the uPA/uPAR system date: 2020-06-18 journal: Drug Discov Today DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.013 sha: doc_id: 305389 cord_uid: n5cppi72 file: cache/cord-305270-vos341i1.json key: cord-305270-vos341i1 authors: Conte, Luana; Toraldo, Domenico Maurizio title: Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-29 journal: Ther Adv Respir Dis DOI: 10.1177/1753466620937170 sha: doc_id: 305270 cord_uid: vos341i1 file: cache/cord-305405-me4gebvm.json key: cord-305405-me4gebvm authors: Conway, J.; Gould, A.; Westley, R.; Raju, S.; Oklopcic, A.; Broadbent, A.; Abdelhafiz, AH.; Sinclair, AJ. title: Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report date: 2020-09-21 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108460 sha: doc_id: 305405 cord_uid: me4gebvm file: cache/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.json key: cord-305363-4msd8mqo authors: Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto; Frej, Eduarda Asfora; Ferreira, Rodrigo José Pires; Alberti, Alexandre Ramalho; de Almeida, Adiel Teixeira title: Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 journal: Comput Math Methods Med DOI: 10.1155/2020/9391251 sha: doc_id: 305363 cord_uid: 4msd8mqo file: cache/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.json key: cord-305497-rlxrn3ap authors: Chorin, Ehud; Wadhwani, Lalit; Magnani, Silvia; Dai, Matthew; Shulman, Eric; Nadeau-Routhier, Charles; Knotts, Robert; Bar-Cohen, Roi; Kogan, Edward; Barbhaiya, Chirag; Aizer, Anthony; Holmes, Douglas; Bernstein, Scott; Spinelli, Michael; Park, David S.; Stefano, Carugo; Chinitz, Larry A.; Jankelson, Lior title: QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin date: 2020-05-12 journal: Heart Rhythm DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.014 sha: doc_id: 305497 cord_uid: rlxrn3ap file: cache/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.json key: cord-305530-b6r6j1ek authors: Yang, Po; Qi, Jun; Zhang, Shuhao; Bi, Gaoshan; Wang, Xulong; Yang, Yun; Sheng, Bin; Mao, Xuxin title: Feasibility of Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks in the UK by Rolling Interventions date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054429 sha: doc_id: 305530 cord_uid: b6r6j1ek file: cache/cord-305342-6t5il86c.json key: cord-305342-6t5il86c authors: Zhang, Xiao; Liu, Zhen; Shi, Kuangyu; Lan, Xiaoli title: Coming back to the normal clinic: how has COVID-19 changed us? date: 2020-06-12 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04906-8 sha: doc_id: 305342 cord_uid: 6t5il86c file: cache/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.json key: cord-305574-ldkri5gh authors: Mesnier, Jules; Cottin, Yves; Coste, Pierre; Ferrari, Emile; Schiele, François; Lemesle, Gilles; Thuaire, Christophe; Angoulvant, Denis; Cayla, Guillaume; Bouleti, Claire; Gallet de Saint Aurin, Romain; Goube, Pascal; Lhermusier, Thibault; Dillinger, Jean-Guillaume; Paganelli, Franck; Saib, Anis; Prunier, Fabrice; Vanzetto, Gerald; Dubreuil, Olivier; Puymirat, Etienne; Boccara, Franck; Eltchaninoff, Hélène; Cachanado, Marine; Rousseau, Alexandra; Drouet, Elodie; Steg, Philippe-Gabriel; Simon, Tabassome; Danchin, Nicolas title: Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study date: 2020-09-18 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30188-2 sha: doc_id: 305574 cord_uid: ldkri5gh file: cache/cord-305629-utjng3dq.json key: cord-305629-utjng3dq authors: Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy; Pérez-Guevara, Fermín; Roy, Priyadarsi D.; Elizalde-Martínez, I.; Shruti, V.C. title: Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date: 2020-10-28 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00960-1 sha: doc_id: 305629 cord_uid: utjng3dq file: cache/cord-305286-nbbg511n.json key: cord-305286-nbbg511n authors: Xu, Zihui; Wang, Zhongjing; Wang, Shuo; Ye, Yingchun; Luo, Deng; Wan, Li; Yu, Ailin; Sun, Lifang; Tesfaye, Solomon; Meng, Qingtao; Gao, Ling title: The impact of type 2 diabetes and its management on the prognosis of patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Diabetes DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13084 sha: doc_id: 305286 cord_uid: nbbg511n file: cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.json key: cord-305422-t8azymo7 authors: Yi, Ye; Lagniton, Philip N.P.; Ye, Sen; Li, Enqin; Xu, Ren-He title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 journal: Int J Biol Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45134 sha: doc_id: 305422 cord_uid: t8azymo7 file: cache/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.json key: cord-305479-o47mv4uw authors: Feng, Xiaobo; Li, Peiyun; Ma, Liang; Liang, Hang; Lei, Jie; Li, Wenqiang; Wang, Kun; Song, Yu; Li, Shuai; Yang, Wei; Yang, Cao title: Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Severe Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-06 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00491 sha: doc_id: 305479 cord_uid: o47mv4uw file: cache/cord-305534-936peb1n.json key: cord-305534-936peb1n authors: Johnson, Kemmian D.; Harris, Christen; Cain, John K.; Hummer, Cicily; Goyal, Hemant; Perisetti, Abhilash title: Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00526 sha: doc_id: 305534 cord_uid: 936peb1n file: cache/cord-305539-vynlbty5.json key: cord-305539-vynlbty5 authors: Park, Byunggeon; Park, Jongmin; Lim, Jae-Kwang; Shin, Kyung Min; Lee, Jaehee; Seo, Hyewon; Lee, Yong Hoon; Heo, Jun; Lee, Won Kee; Kim, Jin Young; Kim, Ki Beom; Moon, Sungjun; Choi, Sooyoung title: Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-08-04 journal: Korean J Radiol DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0567 sha: doc_id: 305539 cord_uid: vynlbty5 file: cache/cord-305568-8seufdv0.json key: cord-305568-8seufdv0 authors: Rohani, Pejman; Karimi, Abdollah; Tabatabaie, Sedigheh Rafiei; Khalili, Mitra; Sayyari, Aliakbar title: Protein losing enteropathy and pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with COVID 19 infection date: 2021-01-31 journal: Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101667 sha: doc_id: 305568 cord_uid: 8seufdv0 file: cache/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.json key: cord-305397-4dx3q6o6 authors: Ashraf, Muddasir; Sajed, Sulaiman title: Seizures Related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Case Series and Literature Review date: 2020-07-24 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9378 sha: doc_id: 305397 cord_uid: 4dx3q6o6 file: cache/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.json key: cord-305657-ayqxesiv authors: Kalra, Mannudeep K.; Homayounieh, Fatemeh; Arru, Chiara; Holmberg, Ola; Vassileva, Jenia title: Chest CT practice and protocols for COVID-19 from radiation dose management perspective date: 2020-07-03 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07034-x sha: doc_id: 305657 cord_uid: ayqxesiv file: cache/cord-305618-tq401g18.json key: cord-305618-tq401g18 authors: Kim, Beom Joon; Kim, Eu Suk; Shin, Myoung Jin; Kim, Hong Bin; Lee, Hee Young; Hong, Keun-Sik; Park, Hong-Kyun; Lee, Jun; Sohn, Sung-Il; Hwang, Yang-Ha; Ko, Sang-Bae; Park, Jong-Moo; Rha, Joung-Ho; Kwon, Sun U.; Kim, Jong S.; Heo, Ji Hoe; Lee, Byung Chul; Yoon, Byung-Woo; Bae, Hee-Joon title: Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Stroke DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.01291 sha: doc_id: 305618 cord_uid: tq401g18 file: cache/cord-305682-b232ra0j.json key: cord-305682-b232ra0j authors: Rahaman Khan, Md Hasinur; Hossain, Ahmed title: COVID-19 Outbreak Situations in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20068312 sha: doc_id: 305682 cord_uid: b232ra0j file: cache/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.json key: cord-305542-zyxqcfa3 authors: Oliver, Nuria; Lepri, Bruno; Sterly, Harald; Lambiotte, Renaud; Deletaille, Sébastien; De Nadai, Marco; Letouzé, Emmanuel; Salah, Albert Ali; Benjamins, Richard; Cattuto, Ciro; Colizza, Vittoria; de Cordes, Nicolas; Fraiberger, Samuel P.; Koebe, Till; Lehmann, Sune; Murillo, Juan; Pentland, Alex; Pham, Phuong N; Pivetta, Frédéric; Saramäki, Jari; Scarpino, Samuel V.; Tizzoni, Michele; Verhulst, Stefaan; Vinck, Patrick title: Mobile phone data for informing public health actions across the COVID-19 pandemic life cycle date: 2020-06-05 journal: Sci Adv DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0764 sha: doc_id: 305542 cord_uid: zyxqcfa3 file: cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.json key: cord-305582-3hmsknon authors: Li, Lei; Li, Ranran; Wu, Zhixiong; Yang, Xianghong; Zhao, Mingyan; Liu, Jiao; Chen, Dechang title: Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00661-z sha: doc_id: 305582 cord_uid: 3hmsknon file: cache/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.json key: cord-305632-xbji6g5x authors: Uccelli, Matteo; Cesana, Giovanni Carlo; De Carli, Stefano Maria; Ciccarese, Francesca; Oldani, Alberto; Zanoni, Adelinda Angela Giulia; Giorgi, Riccardo; Villa, Roberta; Ismail, Ayman; Targa, Simone; D’Alessio, Andrea; Cesana, Giancarlo; Mantovani, Lorenzo; Olmi, Stefano title: COVID-19 and Obesity: Is Bariatric Surgery Protective? Retrospective Analysis on 2145 Patients Undergone Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery from High Volume Center in Italy (Lombardy) date: 2020-10-31 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05085-z sha: doc_id: 305632 cord_uid: xbji6g5x file: cache/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.json key: cord-305770-xygg4lxu authors: Busetto, Gian Maria; Porreca, Angelo; Del Giudice, Francesco; Maggi, Martina; D'Agostino, Daniele; Romagnoli, Daniele; Musi, Gennaro; Lucarelli, Giuseppe; Palmer, Katie; Colonna di Paliano, Ascanio; Muto, Matteo; Hurle, Rodolfo; Terracciano, Daniela; de Cobelli, Ottavio; Sciarra, Alessandro; De Berardinis, Ettore; Ferro, Matteo title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features? date: 2020-06-09 journal: Urol Int DOI: 10.1159/000509065 sha: doc_id: 305770 cord_uid: xygg4lxu file: cache/cord-305828-kueqo67y.json key: cord-305828-kueqo67y authors: Ma, Yarong; Rosenheck, Robert; He, Hongbo title: Psychological Stress among Health Care Professionals during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Cases from Online Consulting Customers date: 2020-06-28 journal: Intensive Crit Care Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102905 sha: doc_id: 305828 cord_uid: kueqo67y file: cache/cord-305956-l02xdq87.json key: cord-305956-l02xdq87 authors: Alqahtani, Saleh A; Schattenberg, Jörn M title: Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence date: 2020-05-26 journal: United European Gastroenterol J DOI: 10.1177/2050640620924157 sha: doc_id: 305956 cord_uid: l02xdq87 file: cache/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.json key: cord-305782-gnzwe2z2 authors: Satici, Celal; Demirkol, Mustafa Asim; Altunok, Elif Sargin; Gursoy, Bengul; Alkan, Mustafa; Kamat, Sadettin; Demirok, Berna; Surmeli, Cemile Dilsah; Calik, Mustafa; Cavus, Zuhal; Esatoglu, Sinem Nihal title: Performance of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.038 sha: doc_id: 305782 cord_uid: gnzwe2z2 file: cache/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.json key: cord-305858-gp1u4kh7 authors: Song, Xiang; Hu, Wei; Yu, Haibo; Zhao, Laura; Zhao, Yeqian; Zhao, Yong title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-19 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.18.210120 sha: doc_id: 305858 cord_uid: gp1u4kh7 file: cache/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.json key: cord-305965-yzx21hp7 authors: Ramalingam, HariPrasad; Sharma, Ankur; Pathak, Vinay; Narayanan, Balakrishnan; Rathod, Darshana Kirtikumar title: Delayed Diagnosis of Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Report date: 2020-06-23 journal: A A Pract DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001269 sha: doc_id: 305965 cord_uid: yzx21hp7 file: cache/cord-305703-ypeibwje.json key: cord-305703-ypeibwje authors: Veronese, Nicola; Demurtas, Jacopo; Yang, Lin; Tonelli, Roberto; Barbagallo, Mario; Lopalco, Pierluigi; Lagolio, Erik; Celotto, Stefano; Pizzol, Damiano; Zou, Liye; Tully, Mark A.; Ilie, Petre Cristian; Trott, Mike; López-Sánchez, Guillermo F.; Smith, Lee title: Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-24 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00170 sha: doc_id: 305703 cord_uid: ypeibwje file: cache/cord-306016-2gudro8v.json key: cord-306016-2gudro8v authors: Pelt, Christopher E.; Campbell, Kevin L.; Gililland, Jeremy M.; Anderson, Lucas A.; Peters, Christopher L.; Barnes, C. Lowry; Edwards, Paul K.; Mears, Simon C.; Stambough, Jeffrey B. title: The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers date: 2020-04-21 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.030 sha: doc_id: 306016 cord_uid: 2gudro8v file: cache/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.json key: cord-305659-4pdtqmgp authors: Kemmner, Stephan; Guba, Markus; Schönermarck, Ulf; Stangl, Manfred; Fischereder, Michael title: Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-04 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 305659 cord_uid: 4pdtqmgp file: cache/cord-305941-277iqp0u.json key: cord-305941-277iqp0u authors: Bozdağ, Faruk; Ergün, Naif title: Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 journal: Psychol Rep DOI: 10.1177/0033294120965477 sha: doc_id: 305941 cord_uid: 277iqp0u file: cache/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.json key: cord-306072-tfvt6sjq authors: Ong, Sean Wei Xiang; Tan, Wilnard Yeong Tze; Chan, Yi‐Hao; Fong, Siew‐Wai; Renia, Laurent; Ng, Lisa FP; Leo, Yee‐Sin; Lye, David Chien; Young, Barnaby Edward title: Safety and potential efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-26 journal: Clin Transl Immunology DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1159 sha: doc_id: 306072 cord_uid: tfvt6sjq file: cache/cord-305760-43qxf408.json key: cord-305760-43qxf408 authors: Elgendi, M.; Fletcher, R.; Howard, N.; Menon, C.; Ward, R. title: The Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks and X-Ray as a Practical Alternative for Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099481 sha: doc_id: 305760 cord_uid: 43qxf408 file: cache/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.json key: cord-305969-yy4f4x5i authors: Eng, John; Bluemke, David A. title: Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice date: 2020-04-23 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201724 sha: doc_id: 305969 cord_uid: yy4f4x5i file: cache/cord-306034-1u29o2id.json key: cord-306034-1u29o2id authors: Cazzolla, Angela P.; Lovero, Roberto; Lo Muzio, Lorenzo; Testa, Nunzio F.; Schirinzi, Annalisa; Palmieri, Giuseppe; Pozzessere, Pietro; Procacci, Vito; Di Comite, Mariasevera; Ciavarella, Domenico; Pepe, Maria; De Ruvo, Caterina; Crincoli, Vito; Di Serio, Francesca; Santacroce, Luigi title: Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6 date: 2020-08-04 journal: ACS Chem Neurosci DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00447 sha: doc_id: 306034 cord_uid: 1u29o2id file: cache/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.json key: cord-305739-hr52e5iz authors: Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel; Ranta, Malcolm; Enook, Sheila; Saranchuk, Peter title: Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis date: 2020-04-25 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30091-8 sha: doc_id: 305739 cord_uid: hr52e5iz file: cache/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.json key: cord-305793-xmkiqgbn authors: Giovannoni, Gavin title: Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102135 sha: doc_id: 305793 cord_uid: xmkiqgbn file: cache/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.json key: cord-306108-ja0wyr5w authors: B K, Anupama; Chaudhuri, Debanik title: A Review of Acute Myocardial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8426 sha: doc_id: 306108 cord_uid: ja0wyr5w file: cache/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.json key: cord-305856-xt3zxajf authors: Shanmugam, Chandrakumar; Mohammed, Abdul Rafi; Ravuri, Swarupa; Luthra, Vishwas; Rajagopal, Narasimhamurthy; Karre, Saritha title: COVID-2019 – A comprehensive pathology insight date: 2020-09-18 journal: Pathol Res Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153222 sha: doc_id: 305856 cord_uid: xt3zxajf file: cache/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.json key: cord-305929-kxiuhu5m authors: rugarabamu, s.; Byanaku, A.; Ibrahim, M. title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080820 sha: doc_id: 305929 cord_uid: kxiuhu5m file: cache/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.json key: cord-306070-2dgs5oih authors: Askin, Ozge; Altunkalem, Rozerin Neval; Altinisik, Dursun Dorukhan; Uzuncakmak, Tugba Kevser; Tursen, Umit; Kutlubay, Zekayi title: Cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized patients diagnosed as COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13896 sha: doc_id: 306070 cord_uid: 2dgs5oih file: cache/cord-305959-x061q8t7.json key: cord-305959-x061q8t7 authors: Davoudi-Monfared, Effat; Rahmani, Hamid; Khalili, Hossein; Hajiabdolbaghi, Mahboubeh; Salehi, Mohamadreza; Abbasian, Ladan; Kazemzadeh, Hossein; Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed title: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother DOI: 10.1128/aac.01061-20 sha: doc_id: 305959 cord_uid: x061q8t7 file: cache/cord-305763-160heazx.json key: cord-305763-160heazx authors: Lai, Chih-Cheng; Wang, Jui-Hsiang; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.011 sha: doc_id: 305763 cord_uid: 160heazx file: cache/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.json key: cord-306008-kh4y44uy authors: Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman; Cumming, Robert G; Delpierre, Cyrille; Kelly-Irving, Michelle title: Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards date: 2020-05-07 journal: J Epidemiol Community Health DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214297 sha: doc_id: 306008 cord_uid: kh4y44uy file: cache/cord-306226-znj4gp87.json key: cord-306226-znj4gp87 authors: Alemanno, Giovanni; Tomaiuolo, Matteo; Peris, Adriano; Batacchi, Stefano; Nozzoli, Carlo; Prosperi, Paolo title: Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 306226 cord_uid: znj4gp87 file: cache/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.json key: cord-306149-sd0s0jup authors: Ratanarat, Ranistha; Sivakorn, Chaisith; Viarasilpa, Tanuwong; Schultz, Marcus J. title: Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand date: 2020-05-18 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0442 sha: doc_id: 306149 cord_uid: sd0s0jup file: cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.json key: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h authors: Clarfield, A. Mark; Jotkowitz, Alan title: Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date: 2020-11-12 journal: Isr J Health Policy Res DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y sha: doc_id: 306210 cord_uid: ny3vvu9h file: cache/cord-306141-19o76jqr.json key: cord-306141-19o76jqr authors: Käpplinger, Bernd; Lichte, Nina title: “The lockdown of physical co-operation touches the heart of adult education”: A Delphi study on immediate and expected effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-06 journal: Int Rev Educ DOI: 10.1007/s11159-020-09871-w sha: doc_id: 306141 cord_uid: 19o76jqr file: cache/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.json key: cord-306342-wwinyu7x authors: Marano, Luigi; Marrelli, Daniele; Roviello, Franco title: Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology date: 2020-04-15 journal: Eur J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 306342 cord_uid: wwinyu7x file: cache/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.json key: cord-306183-uhnrxuwd authors: Bousquet, Guilhem; Falgarone, Géraldine; Deutsch, David; Derolez, Sophie; Lopez-Sublet, Marilucy; Goudot, François-Xavier; Amari, Khadaoudj; Uzunhan, Yurdagul; Bouchaud, Olivier; Pamoukdjian, Frédéric title: ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 date: 2020-06-23 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103583 sha: doc_id: 306183 cord_uid: uhnrxuwd file: cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.json key: cord-306227-63qvvkvk authors: Shammi, Mashura; Bodrud-Doza, Md.; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur title: Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date: 2020-07-18 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y sha: doc_id: 306227 cord_uid: 63qvvkvk file: cache/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.json key: cord-306270-9bsr2jz0 authors: Chowdhury, Rajiv; Luhar, Shammi; Khan, Nusrat; Choudhury, Sohel Reza; Matin, Imran; Franco, Oscar H. title: Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions date: 2020-07-13 journal: Eur J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00660-1 sha: doc_id: 306270 cord_uid: 9bsr2jz0 file: cache/cord-306177-5wefp31y.json key: cord-306177-5wefp31y authors: Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso; Rotimi, Solomon Oladapo title: Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants date: 2020-09-12 journal: Scientifica (Cairo) DOI: 10.1155/2020/1878410 sha: doc_id: 306177 cord_uid: 5wefp31y file: cache/cord-306293-miyc5kok.json key: cord-306293-miyc5kok authors: Sherman, Courtney B; Said, Adnan; Kriss, Michael; Potluri, Vishnu; Levitsky, Josh; Reese, Peter P.; Shea, Judy A.; Serper, Marina title: In‐Person Outreach and Telemedicine in Liver and Intestinal Transplant: A Survey of National Practices, Impact of COVID‐19 and Areas of Opportunity date: 2020-08-09 journal: Liver Transpl DOI: 10.1002/lt.25868 sha: doc_id: 306293 cord_uid: miyc5kok file: cache/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.json key: cord-306195-r2rt3upd authors: Püschel, Klaus; Sperhake, Jan P. title: Corona deaths in Hamburg, Germany date: 2020-06-04 journal: Int J Legal Med DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02332-x sha: doc_id: 306195 cord_uid: r2rt3upd file: cache/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.json key: cord-306243-ar7xvd2c authors: Campbell, Katherine H.; Pettker, Christian M.; Goffman, Dena title: Consolidation of Obstetric Services in a Public Health Emergency date: 2020-07-22 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151281 sha: doc_id: 306243 cord_uid: ar7xvd2c file: cache/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.json key: cord-306200-d5qn65k0 authors: Petersen, Eskild; McCloskey, Brian; Hui, David S; Kock, Richard; Ntoumi, Francine; Memish, Ziad A; Kapata, Nathan; Azhar, Esam I; Pollack, Marjorie; Madoff, Larry C.; Hamer, Davidson H; Nachega, Jean B; Pshenichnaya, N.; Zumla, Alimuddin title: COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions date: 2020-04-17 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.029 sha: doc_id: 306200 cord_uid: d5qn65k0 file: cache/cord-306247-259zacce.json key: cord-306247-259zacce authors: Garnica, Marcia; Valentim, Marcia Rejane; Furtado, Paulo; Moreira, Maria Claudia; Bigni, Ricardo; Vinhas, Simone; Dias, Paulo Cesar; Fellows, Ilza; Martins, Wolney title: COVID-19 in hematology: data from a hematologic and transplant unit date: 2020-09-06 journal: Hematol Transfus Cell Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 306247 cord_uid: 259zacce file: cache/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.json key: cord-306347-gmw3z85r authors: Maniscalco, Pietro; Poggiali, Erika; Quattrini, Fabrizio; Ciatti, Corrado; Magnacavallo, Andrea; Caprioli, Serena; Vadacca, Giovanni; Michieletti, Emanuele; Cavanna, Luigi; Capelli, Patrizio title: The deep impact of novel CoVID-19 infection in an Orthopedics and Traumatology Department: the experience of the Piacenza Hospital date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9635 sha: doc_id: 306347 cord_uid: gmw3z85r file: cache/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.json key: cord-306199-3ssri5nf authors: Tseng, Jennifer title: How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process? date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Surg Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 306199 cord_uid: 3ssri5nf file: cache/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.json key: cord-306453-w1sxap5p authors: Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A.M.; Burd, Julia; Felder, Laura; Khoury, Rasha; Bernstein, Peter S.; Avila, Karina; Penfield, Christina A.; Roman, Ashley S.; DeBolt, Chelsea A.; Stone, Joanne L.; Bianco, Angela; Kern-Goldberger, Adina R.; Hirshberg, Adi; Srinivas, Sindhu K.; Jayakumaran, Jenani S.; Brandt, Justin S.; Anastasio, Hannah; Birsner, Meredith; O’Brien, Devon S.; Sedev, Harish M.; Dolin, Cara D.; Schnettler, William T.; Suhag, Anju; Ahluwalia, Shabani; Navathe, Reshama S.; Khalifeh, Adeeb; Anderson, Kathryn; Berghella, Vincenzo title: Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study date: 2020-05-08 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100134 sha: doc_id: 306453 cord_uid: w1sxap5p file: cache/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.json key: cord-306322-vx1fqtl5 authors: Wang, Yuanyuan; Pan, Bailin; Liu, Ye; Wilson, Amanda; Ou, Jianjun; Chen, Runsen title: Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30182-0 sha: doc_id: 306322 cord_uid: vx1fqtl5 file: cache/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.json key: cord-306375-cs4s2o8y authors: Costa-Santos, C.; Neves, A. L.; Correia, R.; Santos, P.; Monteiro-Soares, M.; Freitas, A.; Ribeiro-Vaz, I.; Henriques, T.; Rodrigues, P. P.; Costa-Pereira, A.; Pereira, A. M.; Fonseca, J. title: COVID-19 surveillance - a descriptive study on data quality issues date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225565 sha: doc_id: 306375 cord_uid: cs4s2o8y file: cache/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.json key: cord-306214-2wjv6aeb authors: Medjeral-Thomas, Nicholas R.; Thomson, Tina; Ashby, Damien; Muthusamy, Anand; Nevin, Margaret; Duncan, Neill; Loucaidou, Marina title: Cohort study of outpatient hemodialysis management strategies for COVID-19 in North-West London date: 2020-08-25 journal: Kidney Int Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.022 sha: doc_id: 306214 cord_uid: 2wjv6aeb file: cache/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.json key: cord-306377-s9j21zsy authors: Yan, Li; Zhang, Hai-Tao; Goncalves, Jorge; Xiao, Yang; Wang, Maolin; Guo, Yuqi; Sun, Chuan; Tang, Xiuchuan; Jin, Liang; Zhang, Mingyang; Huang, Xiang; Xiao, Ying; Cao, Haosen; Chen, Yanyan; Ren, Tongxin; Wang, Fang; Xiao, Yaru; Huang, Sufang; Tan, Xi; Huang, Niannian; Jiao, Bo; Zhang, Yong; Luo, Ailin; Mombaerts, Laurent; Jin, Junyang; Cao, Zhiguo; Li, Shusheng; Xu, Hui; Yuan, Ye title: A machine learning-based model for survival prediction in patients with severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027 sha: doc_id: 306377 cord_uid: s9j21zsy file: cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.json key: cord-306351-ka6asw3m authors: Alsuliman, Tamim; Alasadi, Lugien; Alkharat, Banan; Srour, Micha; Alrstom, Ali title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 journal: Curr Res Transl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 306351 cord_uid: ka6asw3m file: cache/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.json key: cord-306421-r8wzvpn5 authors: Sizoo, Eefje M.; Monnier, Annelie A.; Bloemen, Maryam; Hertogh, Cees M.P.M.; Smalbrugge, Martin title: Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.024 sha: doc_id: 306421 cord_uid: r8wzvpn5 file: cache/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.json key: cord-306495-o0ah1gj9 authors: Haidar, Ghady title: COVID-19, organ transplantation, and the nuances of immunomodulation: lessons learned and what comes next date: 2020-08-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1193 sha: doc_id: 306495 cord_uid: o0ah1gj9 file: cache/cord-306414-2dv3qced.json key: cord-306414-2dv3qced authors: Gutierrez, Lucas; Beckford, John; Alachkar, Houda title: Deciphering the TCR Repertoire to Solve the COVID-19 Mystery date: 2020-06-20 journal: Trends Pharmacol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 306414 cord_uid: 2dv3qced file: cache/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.json key: cord-306466-y4yg42p8 authors: Nofal, Ahmed Maged; Cacciotti, Gabriella; Lee, Nick title: Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? date: 2020-10-08 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240396 sha: doc_id: 306466 cord_uid: y4yg42p8 file: cache/cord-306567-44w6op7p.json key: cord-306567-44w6op7p authors: Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Narasimhan, Bharat; Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan; Narasimhan, Harish; Hahn, Joshua; Wang, Zhen; Wilson Tang, W. H. title: Misinformation dissemination in Twitter in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-14 journal: The American Journal of Medicine DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.012 sha: doc_id: 306567 cord_uid: 44w6op7p file: cache/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.json key: cord-306536-tkjg6iu0 authors: Tang, P. M.; Zhang, S. X.; Li, C. H.; Wei, F. title: Geographical identification of the vulnerable groups during COVID-19 crisis: the typhoon eye effect and its boundary conditions date: 2020-05-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083667 sha: doc_id: 306536 cord_uid: tkjg6iu0 file: cache/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.json key: cord-306652-e9zvyftn authors: Eng, Oliver S.; Tseng, Jennifer; Ejaz, Aslam; Pawlik, Timothy M.; Angelos, Peter title: Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery date: 2020-05-20 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004082 sha: doc_id: 306652 cord_uid: e9zvyftn file: cache/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.json key: cord-306685-w7y5g2x0 authors: Chalk, D.; Robbins, S.; Kandasamy, R.; Rush, K.; Aggarwal, A.; Sullivan, R.; Chamberlain, C. title: Modelling Palliative and End of Life resource requirements during COVID-19: implications for quality care date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.23.20160564 sha: doc_id: 306685 cord_uid: w7y5g2x0 file: cache/cord-306599-oedkaf75.json key: cord-306599-oedkaf75 authors: Gumina, Stefano; Proietti, Riccardo; Polizzotti, Giuseppi; Carbone, Stefano; Candela, Vittorio title: The impact of COVID-19 on shoulder and elbow trauma. An Italian survey date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Shoulder Elbow Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 306599 cord_uid: oedkaf75 file: cache/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.json key: cord-306551-qf7h9m78 authors: Han, Heesup; Al-Ansi, Amr; Chua, Bee-Lia; Tariq, Beenish; Radic, Aleksandar; Park, Su-hyun title: The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism date: 2020-09-06 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186485 sha: doc_id: 306551 cord_uid: qf7h9m78 file: cache/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.json key: cord-306465-7kevsl1z authors: Agarwal, Krishna Mohan; Mohapatra, Swati; Sharma, Prairit; Sharma, Shreya; Bhatia, Dinesh; Mishra, Animesh title: Study and Overview of the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100037 sha: doc_id: 306465 cord_uid: 7kevsl1z file: cache/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.json key: cord-306585-kdlv46tq authors: Zhang, Z.; Lin, H.; Zhu, G. title: Dynamical balance between the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic development date: 2020-08-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174755 sha: doc_id: 306585 cord_uid: kdlv46tq file: cache/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.json key: cord-306646-6c7n0xir authors: Crimi, Claudia; Impellizzeri, Pietro; Campisi, Raffaele; Spicuzza, Lucia; Vancheri, Carlo; Crimi, Nunzio title: Resumption of Respiratory Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 era: experience from Southern Italy date: 2020-07-02 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.210 sha: doc_id: 306646 cord_uid: 6c7n0xir file: cache/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.json key: cord-306670-c2jm0g88 authors: Zhang, Yan; Cui, Yanhui; Shen, Minxue; Zhang, Jianchu; Liu, Ben; Dai, Minhui; Chen, Lingli; Han, Duoduo; Fan, Yifei; Zeng, Yanjun; Li, Wen; Lin, Fengyu; Li, Sha; Chen, Xiang; Pan, Pinhua title: Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227 sha: doc_id: 306670 cord_uid: c2jm0g88 file: cache/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.json key: cord-306721-18tmaw2i authors: Thorne, C.J.; Ainsworth, M. title: COVID-19 Resuscitation guidelines: a blanket rule for everyone? date: 2020-06-20 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.013 sha: doc_id: 306721 cord_uid: 18tmaw2i file: cache/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.json key: cord-306700-sz3bji8c authors: Gandhi, Abhay Jayprakash; Rupareliya, Jalpa Deepak; Shukla, V.J.; Donga, Shilpa B.; Acharya, Rabinarayan title: An Ayurvedic Perspective along with in Silico Study of the Drugs for the Management of Sars-Cov-2 date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Ayurveda Integr Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 306700 cord_uid: sz3bji8c file: cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.json key: cord-306690-s5mxes4r authors: Shangguan, Ziheng; Wang, Mark Yaolin; Sun, Wen title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093279 sha: doc_id: 306690 cord_uid: s5mxes4r file: cache/cord-306733-df36w6l7.json key: cord-306733-df36w6l7 authors: Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio; Márquez-Escobar, Verónica A.; González-Ortega, Omar; Nieto-Gómez, Ricardo; Arévalo-Villalobos, Jaime I. title: What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-04-14 journal: Vaccines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020183 sha: doc_id: 306733 cord_uid: df36w6l7 file: cache/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.json key: cord-306748-i9ndb71n authors: Kobia, Francis; Gitaka, Jesse title: COVID-19: Are Africa’s diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness? date: 2020-04-17 journal: AAS Open Res DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13061.1 sha: doc_id: 306748 cord_uid: i9ndb71n file: cache/cord-306760-05my504t.json key: cord-306760-05my504t authors: Turner, Dan; Huang, Ying; Martín-de-Carpi, Javier; Aloi, Marina; Focht, Gili; Kang, Ben; Zhou, Ying; Sanchez, Cesar; Kappelman, Michael D.; Uhlig, Holm H.; Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma; Ledder, Oren; Lionetti, Paolo; Dias, Jorge Amil; Ruemmele, Frank M.; Russell, Richard K. title: Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition date: 2020-03-31 journal: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002729 sha: doc_id: 306760 cord_uid: 05my504t file: cache/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.json key: cord-306729-oa9i4ss9 authors: Luo, Li-Sha; Jin, Ying-Hui; Cai, Lin; Pan, Zhen-Yu; Zeng, Xian-Tao; Wang, Xing-Huan title: COVID-19: Presumed Infection Routes and Psychological Impact on Staff in Administrative and Logistics Departments in a Designated Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-12 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01501 sha: doc_id: 306729 cord_uid: oa9i4ss9 file: cache/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.json key: cord-306858-8ypafd3h authors: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio; Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim title: Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110057 sha: doc_id: 306858 cord_uid: 8ypafd3h file: cache/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.json key: cord-306718-7wp5jmxe authors: Remaeus, Katarina; Savchenko, Julia; Brismar Wendel, Sophia; Gidlöf, Sebastian Brusell; Graner, Sophie; Jones, Elin; Molin, Johanna; Saltvedt, Sissel; Wallström, Tove; Pettersson, Karin title: Characteristics and short‐term obstetric outcomes in a case series of 67 women tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Stockholm, Sweden date: 2020-09-27 journal: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14006 sha: doc_id: 306718 cord_uid: 7wp5jmxe file: cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.json key: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 authors: Mick, Paul; Murphy, Russell title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00424-7 sha: doc_id: 306770 cord_uid: hjzlj8k3 file: cache/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.json key: cord-306810-g64gjpbd authors: Mendivelso Duarte, Fredy Orlando; Rodríguez Bedoya, Milena; Barrios Parra, Arnold José title: Recomendaciones para la reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.114 sha: doc_id: 306810 cord_uid: g64gjpbd file: cache/cord-306790-82nltfk3.json key: cord-306790-82nltfk3 authors: Sheikh, Abu Baker; Shekhar, Rahul; Javed, Nismat; Upadhyay, Shubhra title: Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction in Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report date: 2020-09-28 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.926101 sha: doc_id: 306790 cord_uid: 82nltfk3 file: cache/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.json key: cord-306809-ugxuh7z4 authors: AKÇAY, Şule; ÖZLÜ, Tevfik; YILMAZ, Aydın title: Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-160 sha: doc_id: 306809 cord_uid: ugxuh7z4 file: cache/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.json key: cord-306881-wrd2rhjz authors: Gehrie, Eric; Tormey, Christopher A; Sanford, Kimberly W title: Transfusion Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-25 journal: Am J Clin Pathol DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa111 sha: doc_id: 306881 cord_uid: wrd2rhjz file: cache/cord-306835-juitltpi.json key: cord-306835-juitltpi authors: Babaei, Fatemeh; Nassiri‐Asl, Marjan; Hosseinzadeh, Hossein title: Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-06 journal: Food Sci Nutr DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1858 sha: doc_id: 306835 cord_uid: juitltpi file: cache/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.json key: cord-306916-4dqzuy4u authors: Barré, Jean; Sabatier, Jean-Marc; Annweiler, Cédric title: Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01344 sha: doc_id: 306916 cord_uid: 4dqzuy4u file: cache/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.json key: cord-306952-cpltrsa7 authors: de Souza, Pedro Mansueto Melo; Gerson, Gunter; Dias, Josebson Silva; de Melo, Deborah Nunes; de Souza, Sarlene Gomes; Ruiz, Erasmo Miessa; Fernandes Tavora, Fabio Rocha; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes title: Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil date: 2020-11-04 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008830 sha: doc_id: 306952 cord_uid: cpltrsa7 file: cache/cord-306856-swiskyuf.json key: cord-306856-swiskyuf authors: Ducournau, F.; Arianni, M.; Awwad, S.; Baur, E.-M.; Beaulieu, J.-Y.; Bouloudhnine, M.; Caloia, M.; Chagar, K.; Chen, Z.; Chin, A.Y.; Chow, E.C.; Cobb, T.; David, Y.; Delgado, P.J.; Woon Man Fok, M.; French, R.; Golubev, I.; Haugstvedt, J.R.; Ichihara, S.; Jorquera, R.A.; Koo, S.C.J.J.; Lee, J.Y.; Lee, Y.K.; Lee, Y.J.; Liu, B.; Kaleli, T.; Mantovani, G.R.; Mathoulin, C.; Messina, J.C.; Muccioli, C.; Nazerani, S.; Ng, C.Y.; Obdeijn, M.C.; Van Overstraeten, L.; Prasetyono, T.O.H.; Ross, M.; Shih, J.T.; Smith, N.; Suarez R., F.A.; Chan, P.-T.; Tiemdjo, H.; Wahegaonkar, A.; Wells, M.C.; Wong, W.-Y.; Wu, F.; Yang, X.F.; Yanni, D.; Yao, J.; Liverneaux, P.A. title: COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons date: 2020-04-09 journal: Hand Surg Rehabil DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 306856 cord_uid: swiskyuf file: cache/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.json key: cord-307207-xfu5d7dt authors: Abbas, Ahmed M.; Ahmed, Omar A.; Shaltout, Asmaa S. title: COVID‐19 and maternal pre‐eclampsia; a synopsis date: 2020-06-15 journal: Scand J Immunol DOI: 10.1111/sji.12918 sha: doc_id: 307207 cord_uid: xfu5d7dt file: cache/cord-306832-w8s282nq.json key: cord-306832-w8s282nq authors: Tarragón, Blanca; Valdenebro, María; Serrano, Maria Luisa; Maroto, Alba; Llópez-Carratalá, MR; Ramos, Antonio; Rubio, Esther; Huerta, Ana; Marques, María; Portolés, Jose title: FRACASO RENAL AGUDO EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 journal: Nefrologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 306832 cord_uid: w8s282nq file: cache/cord-307044-4czeehkq.json key: cord-307044-4czeehkq authors: Liu, Jiaye; Wang, Tingyan; Cai, Qingxian; Sun, Liqin; Huang, Deliang; Zhou, Guangde; He, Qing; Wang, Fu‐Sheng; Liu, Lei; Chen, Jun title: Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date: 2020-08-06 journal: Hepatol Res DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13553 sha: doc_id: 307044 cord_uid: 4czeehkq file: cache/cord-307100-w33e2078.json key: cord-307100-w33e2078 authors: Douedi, Steven; Albayati, Asseel; Alfraji, Nasam; Mazahir, Usman; Costanzo, Eric title: Successful Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in COVID-19 Pregnant Women: An Institutional Approach date: 2020-07-27 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925513 sha: doc_id: 307100 cord_uid: w33e2078 file: cache/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.json key: cord-307087-zsbmaieg authors: Aguiar de Sousa, Diana; Sandset, Else Charlotte; Elkind, Mitchell S. V. title: The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030792 sha: doc_id: 307087 cord_uid: zsbmaieg file: cache/cord-306999-bedygxjs.json key: cord-306999-bedygxjs authors: Kurihara, Hayato; Bisagni, Pietro; Faccincani, Roberto; Zago, Mauro title: Authors' response: Surgery in the coronavirus disease 2019 phase 2 Italian scenario: Lessons learned in northern Italy spoke hospitals date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002837 sha: doc_id: 306999 cord_uid: bedygxjs file: cache/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.json key: cord-307128-wwjeu8ie authors: Walz, Lucas; Cohen, Avi J.; Rebaza, Andre P.; Vanchieri, James; Slade, Martin D.; Dela Cruz, Charles S.; Sharma, Lokesh title: Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-11 journal: medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20172189 sha: doc_id: 307128 cord_uid: wwjeu8ie file: cache/cord-306819-otabtxin.json key: cord-306819-otabtxin authors: Asensio-Samper, JM; Quesada-Carrascosa, M; De Andrés, J title: Recomendaciones Prácticas Para El Manejo Del Paciente Con Dolor Crónico Durante La Pandemia De COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 journal: Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 306819 cord_uid: otabtxin file: cache/cord-307089-344rhiw0.json key: cord-307089-344rhiw0 authors: Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima; Ortega, Manoela Marques title: Covid-19 in Brazil date: 2020-04-27 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 307089 cord_uid: 344rhiw0 file: cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.json key: cord-306958-8bx8kxxh authors: Christensen, Sarah R.; Pilling, Emily B.; Eyring, J. B.; Dickerson, Grace; Sloan, Chantel D.; Magnusson, Brianna M. title: Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date: 2020-09-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239693 sha: doc_id: 306958 cord_uid: 8bx8kxxh file: cache/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.json key: cord-307070-tqxvu3pu authors: Iqbal, Phool; Ata, Fateen; Rose, Samman; Chaudhry, Hammad S; Rahil, Ali title: Should We Rely on Screening Tests for Further Management Alone in Polymerase Chain Reaction Negative COVID-19 Patients? A Case Series date: 2020-09-20 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10555 sha: doc_id: 307070 cord_uid: tqxvu3pu file: cache/cord-307258-66lwpblq.json key: cord-307258-66lwpblq authors: Li, Weixia; Huang, Jiapeng; Guo, Xiangyang; Zhao, Jing; Mandell, M. Susan title: Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-03-29 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.035 sha: doc_id: 307258 cord_uid: 66lwpblq file: cache/cord-306997-84pjfawk.json key: cord-306997-84pjfawk authors: Melazzini, Federica; Colaneri, Marta; Fumoso, Federica; Freddi, Giulia; Lenti, Marco Vincenzo; Pieri, Teresa Chiara; Piloni, Davide; Noris, Patrizia; Pieresca, Carla; Preti, Paola Stefania; Russo, Mariaconcetta; Corsico, Angelo; Tavazzi, Guido; Baldanti, Fausto; Triarico, Antonio; Mojoli, Francesco; Bruno, Raffaele; Di Sabatino, Antonio title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-08 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02550-6 sha: doc_id: 306997 cord_uid: 84pjfawk file: cache/cord-307284-w693a2rm.json key: cord-307284-w693a2rm authors: Flament, H.; Rouland, M.; Beaudoin, L.; Toubal, A.; Bertrand, L.; Lebourgeois, S.; Gouda, Z.; Rousseau, C.; Soulard, P.; Hurtado-Nedelec, M.; Luce, S.; Bailly, K.; Andrieu, M.; Boitard, C.; Vallet-Pichard, A.; Gautier, J.-F.; Ajzenberg, N.; Terrier, B.; Pene, F.; Ghosn, J.; Yazdanpanah, Y.; Visseaux, B.; Descamps, D.; Timsit, J.-F.; Monteiro, R. C.; Lehuen, A. title: Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity: evidence for an IL-18 dependent mechanism date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185082 sha: doc_id: 307284 cord_uid: w693a2rm file: cache/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.json key: cord-307160-1vz0gw1w authors: Morais-Almeida, Mário; Aguiar, Rita; Martin, Bryan; Ansotegui, Ignacio J.; Ebisawa, Motohiro; Arruda, L. Karla; Caminati, Marco; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Carr, Tara; Chupp, Geoffrey; Corren, Jonathan; Dávila, Ignacio; Park, Hae-Sim; Hanania, Nicola A.; Rosenwasser, Lanny; Sánchez-Borges, Mario; Virchow, J. Christian; Yáñez, Anahí; Bernstein, Jonathan A.; Caraballo, Luis; Chang, Yoon-Seok; Chikhladze, Manana; Fiocchi, Alessandro; González-Diaz, Sandra N.; Tanno, Luciana Kase; Levin, Michael; Ortega-Martell, Jose António; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Peden, David B.; Rouadi, Philip W.; Sublett, James L.; Wong, Gary W.K.; Bleecker, Eugene R. title: COVID-19, asthma, and biologic therapies: What we need to know date: 2020-05-16 journal: World Allergy Organ J DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100126 sha: doc_id: 307160 cord_uid: 1vz0gw1w file: cache/cord-307018-l2i499z3.json key: cord-307018-l2i499z3 authors: Antonio Reyes-Bueno, José; Mena-Vázquez, Natalia; Ojea-Ortega, Tomás; Gonzalez-Sotomayor, María del Mar; Cabezudo-Garcia, Pablo; Ciano-Petersen, Nicolas Lundahl; Pons-Pons, Gracia; Castro-Sánchez, María Victoria; Serrano-Castro, Pedro Jesús title: Análisis de letalidad en pacientes con demencia neurodegenerativa por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: Neurologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 307018 cord_uid: l2i499z3 file: cache/cord-307127-1kkpx108.json key: cord-307127-1kkpx108 authors: Gill, D.; Arvanitis, M.; Carter, P.; Hernandez Cordero, A. I.; Jo, B.; Karhunen, V.; Larsson, S. C.; Li, X.; Lockhart, S. M.; Mason, A. M.; Pashos, E.; Saha, A.; Tan, V.; Zuber, V.; Bosse, Y.; Fahle, S.; Hao, K.; Jiang, T.; Joubert, P.; Lunt, A. C.; Ouwehand, W. h.; Roberts, D. J.; Timens, W.; van den Berge, M.; Watkins, N. A.; Battle, A.; Butterworth, A. S.; Danesh, J.; Engelhard, B. E.; Peters, J. E.; Sin, D.; Burgess, S. title: ACE inhibition and cardiometabolic risk factors, lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression, and plasma ACE2 levels: a Mendelian randomization study date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20059121 sha: doc_id: 307127 cord_uid: 1kkpx108 file: cache/cord-307187-5blsjicu.json key: cord-307187-5blsjicu authors: Missel, Malene; Bernild, Camilla; Dagyaran, Ilkay; Christensen, Signe Westh; Berg, Selina Kikkenborg title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result date: 2020-11-11 journal: BMC Health Serv Res DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05904-0 sha: doc_id: 307187 cord_uid: 5blsjicu file: cache/cord-307246-y6di9aum.json key: cord-307246-y6di9aum authors: Chia, Pow-Li; Tan, Kenny; Tan, Li wei; Chin, Pui See; Foo, David title: Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Interv Card Electrophysiol DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00782-2 sha: doc_id: 307246 cord_uid: y6di9aum file: cache/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.json key: cord-307148-k1uo3fxm authors: Bradshaw, Patrick C.; Seeds, William A.; Miller, Alexandra C.; Mahajan, Vikrant R.; Curtis, William M. title: COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm date: 2020-09-09 journal: Oxid Med Cell Longev DOI: 10.1155/2020/6401341 sha: doc_id: 307148 cord_uid: k1uo3fxm file: cache/cord-307273-pplky6g4.json key: cord-307273-pplky6g4 authors: Schrooyen, Loïc; Delforge, Marc; Lebout, Faustine; Vanbaelen, Thibaut; Lecompte, Amaryl; Dauby, Nicolas title: Homeless people hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brussels date: 2020-08-07 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 307273 cord_uid: pplky6g4 file: cache/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.json key: cord-307291-2jhrd9ex authors: Zhang, S. X.; Sun, S.; Jahanshahi, A. A.; Wang, Y.; Madavani, A. N.; Dinani, M. M. title: Beyond predicting the number of infections: predicting who is likely to be COVID negative or positive date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086348 sha: doc_id: 307291 cord_uid: 2jhrd9ex file: cache/cord-307340-00m2g55u.json key: cord-307340-00m2g55u authors: Gerasimov, A.; Lebedev, G.; Lebedev, M.; Semenycheva, I. title: Reaching collective immunity for COVID-19: an estimate with a heterogeneous model based on the data for Italy date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112045 sha: doc_id: 307340 cord_uid: 00m2g55u file: cache/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.json key: cord-307329-gfwllo1r authors: Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan; Baschat, Ahmet; Deprest, Jan; Emery, Stephen; Goodnight, William; Johnson, Anthony; McCullough, Laurence; Moldenhauer, Julie; Ryan, Greg; Tsao, KuoJen; Van Mieghem, Tim; Wagner, Amy; Zaretsky, Michael title: Fetal Interventions in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic: Statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) date: 2020-04-26 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.025 sha: doc_id: 307329 cord_uid: gfwllo1r file: cache/cord-307227-x6xketcn.json key: cord-307227-x6xketcn authors: Martin, William R.; Cheng, Feixiong title: Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Proteome Res DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00397 sha: doc_id: 307227 cord_uid: x6xketcn file: cache/cord-307229-wjx90xki.json key: cord-307229-wjx90xki authors: da Silveira, Matheus Pelinski; da Silva Fagundes, Kimberly Kamila; Bizuti, Matheus Ribeiro; Starck, Édina; Rossi, Renata Calciolari; de Resende e Silva, Débora Tavares title: Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature date: 2020-07-29 journal: Clin Exp Med DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3 sha: doc_id: 307229 cord_uid: wjx90xki file: cache/cord-307313-sox12zfo.json key: cord-307313-sox12zfo authors: Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E.; Tamiolaki, Alexandra; Rovithis, Michael title: The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-05-15 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102172 sha: doc_id: 307313 cord_uid: sox12zfo file: cache/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.json key: cord-307309-s0t4kp2x authors: Liang, Ying; Chang, Chun; Chen, Yahong; Dong, Fawu; Zhang, Linlin; Sun, Yongchang title: Symptoms, Management and Healthcare Utilization of COPD Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Beijing date: 2020-10-14 journal: Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis DOI: 10.2147/copd.s270448 sha: doc_id: 307309 cord_uid: s0t4kp2x file: cache/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.json key: cord-307293-zp4oddrt authors: McCoy, Liam G; Smith, Jonathan; Anchuri, Kavya; Berry, Isha; Pineda, Joanna; Harish, Vinyas; Lam, Andrew T; Yi, Seung Eun; Hu, Sophie; Fine, Benjamin title: CAN-NPI: A Curated Open Dataset of Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Response to the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 sha: doc_id: 307293 cord_uid: zp4oddrt file: cache/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.json key: cord-307378-cx1jz7wf authors: Dadar, Maryam; Fakhri, Yadolah; Bjørklund, Geir; Shahali, Youcef title: The association between the incidence of COVID-19 and the distance from the virus epicenter in Iran date: 2020-09-02 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04774-5 sha: doc_id: 307378 cord_uid: cx1jz7wf file: cache/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.json key: cord-307342-3gkiukh4 authors: Clark, Eva; Chiao, Elizabeth Y; Amirian, E Susan title: Why contact tracing efforts have failed to curb COVID-19 transmission in much of the U.S date: 2020-08-06 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1155 sha: doc_id: 307342 cord_uid: 3gkiukh4 file: cache/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.json key: cord-307285-bxy0zsc7 authors: Dar Odeh, Najla; Babkair, Hamzah; Abu-Hammad, Shaden; Borzangy, Sary; Abu-Hammad, Abdalla; Abu-Hammad, Osama title: COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice date: 2020-04-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093151 sha: doc_id: 307285 cord_uid: bxy0zsc7 file: cache/cord-307334-6rn69sne.json key: cord-307334-6rn69sne authors: Sullivan, Ryan J; Johnson, Douglas B; Rini, Brian I; Neilan, Tomas G; Lovly, Christine M; Moslehi, Javid J; Reynolds, Kerry L title: COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Immunother Cancer DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000933 sha: doc_id: 307334 cord_uid: 6rn69sne file: cache/cord-307416-v2296g5p.json key: cord-307416-v2296g5p authors: Joob, Beuy; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Thorac Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.013 sha: doc_id: 307416 cord_uid: v2296g5p file: cache/cord-307477-yddx2585.json key: cord-307477-yddx2585 authors: Kolani, Sylvie; Nawfal, Houari; Haloua, Meryem; Lamrani, Youssef Alaoui; Boubbou, Meryem; Serraj, Mounia; Aamara, Bouchra; Maaroufi, Mustapha; Alami, Badreeddine title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection date: 2020-05-11 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00806 sha: doc_id: 307477 cord_uid: yddx2585 file: cache/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.json key: cord-307426-fkzk8ubd authors: Su, Zheng title: The Critical Role of Futility Analysis in the Pursuit of Effective Treatments for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: Contemp Clin Trials Commun DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100581 sha: doc_id: 307426 cord_uid: fkzk8ubd file: cache/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.json key: cord-307421-8ev8k9ok authors: Li, Chenxi; Luo, Fan; Wu, Bing title: A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-06-05 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020661 sha: doc_id: 307421 cord_uid: 8ev8k9ok file: cache/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.json key: cord-307497-wtfvoifb authors: Abu-Raya, Bahaa title: Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia date: 2020-04-09 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa409 sha: doc_id: 307497 cord_uid: wtfvoifb file: cache/cord-307406-59yh48tt.json key: cord-307406-59yh48tt authors: de Loyola, Mariana Braccialli; dos Reis, Thaís Tereza Aguiar; de Oliveira, Guilherme Xavier Lyra Malcher; da Fonseca Palmeira, Julys; Argañaraz, Gustavo A.; Argañaraz, Enrique R. title: Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin: A possible host protective factor against Covid‐19 date: 2020-08-26 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2157 sha: doc_id: 307406 cord_uid: 59yh48tt file: cache/cord-307502-vuju89lc.json key: cord-307502-vuju89lc authors: Leipe, J.; Hoyer, B. F.; Iking-Konert, C.; Schulze-Koops, H.; Specker, C.; Krüger, K. title: SARS-CoV-2 & Rheuma: Konsequenzen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie für Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Ein Vergleich der Handlungsempfehlungen rheumatologischer Fachgesellschaften und Risikobewertung verschiedener antirheumatischer Therapien date: 2020-08-26 journal: Z Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00878-0 sha: doc_id: 307502 cord_uid: vuju89lc file: cache/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.json key: cord-307322-h7vqmlq9 authors: Gongalsky, Maxim B title: Early detection of superspreaders by mass group pool testing can mitigate COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076166 sha: doc_id: 307322 cord_uid: h7vqmlq9 file: cache/cord-307287-zpq6byml.json key: cord-307287-zpq6byml authors: Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine; von Brunn, Albrecht; Hornum, Mads; Blomberg Jensen, Martin title: Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16250 sha: doc_id: 307287 cord_uid: zpq6byml file: cache/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.json key: cord-307496-1k3d3o2q authors: Meraj, Gowhar; Farooq, Majid; Singh, Suraj Kumar; Romshoo, Shakil A.; Sudhanshu; Nathawat, M. S.; Kanga, Shruti title: Coronavirus pandemic versus temperature in the context of Indian subcontinent: a preliminary statistical analysis date: 2020-07-10 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00854-3 sha: doc_id: 307496 cord_uid: 1k3d3o2q file: cache/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.json key: cord-307516-5r5h1z1o authors: Kahyaoglu Sut, Hatice; Kucukkaya, Burcu title: Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey: A web‐based cross‐sectional study date: 2020-09-28 journal: Perspect Psychiatr Care DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12627 sha: doc_id: 307516 cord_uid: 5r5h1z1o file: cache/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.json key: cord-307481-h7xvehvk authors: Abbas, Ahmed M.; Fathy, Safaa K.; Khamees, Areej A.; Salem, Amera S.; Ahmed, Lobna title: A focused review on the genital and sexual affection of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101848 sha: doc_id: 307481 cord_uid: h7xvehvk file: cache/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.json key: cord-307610-tqvt5hzr authors: Arora, Amarpreet Singh; Rajput, Himadri; Changotra, Rahil title: Current perspective of COVID-19 spread across South Korea: exploratory data analysis and containment of the pandemic date: 2020-08-08 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00883-y sha: doc_id: 307610 cord_uid: tqvt5hzr file: cache/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.json key: cord-307540-dr5m9pfk authors: Coelho, Flávio C.; Lana, Raquel M.; Cruz, Oswaldo G.; Villela, Daniel A. M.; Bastos, Leonardo S.; Pastore y Piontti, Ana; Davis, Jessica T.; Vespignani, Alessandro; Codeço, Claudia T.; Gomes, Marcelo F. C. title: Assessing the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil: Mobility, morbidity and social vulnerability date: 2020-09-18 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238214 sha: doc_id: 307540 cord_uid: dr5m9pfk file: cache/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.json key: cord-307570-8f83k2ce authors: Prodromos, Chadwick; Rumschlag, Tobias title: Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review date: 2020-10-05 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100776 sha: doc_id: 307570 cord_uid: 8f83k2ce file: cache/cord-307512-70j4vn78.json key: cord-307512-70j4vn78 authors: Worku, Elliott; Gill, Denzil; Brodie, Daniel; Lorusso, Roberto; Combes, Alain; Shekar, Kiran title: Provision of ECPR during COVID-19: evidence, equity, and ethical dilemmas date: 2020-07-27 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03172-2 sha: doc_id: 307512 cord_uid: 70j4vn78 file: cache/cord-307574-vmik4neu.json key: cord-307574-vmik4neu authors: Ottaviani, S.; Franc, M.; Ebstein, E.; Demaria, L.; Lheure, C.; Debray, M. P.; Khalil, A.; Crestani, B.; Borie, R.; Dieudé, P. title: Lung ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19: comparison with CT date: 2020-08-12 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.024 sha: doc_id: 307574 cord_uid: vmik4neu file: cache/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.json key: cord-307585-dbc0spzv authors: Klain, Michele; Nappi, Carmela; Maurea, Simone; De Risi, Marina; Volpe, Fabio; Caiazzo, Elisa; Piscopo, Leandra; Manganelli, Mariarosaria; Schlumberger, Martin; Cuocolo, Alberto title: Management of differentiated thyroid cancer through nuclear medicine facilities during Covid-19 emergency: the telemedicine challenge date: 2020-09-23 journal: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05041-0 sha: doc_id: 307585 cord_uid: dbc0spzv file: cache/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.json key: cord-307623-8bd5m5tk authors: Núñez Gil, Iván J.; Estrada, Vicente; Fernández-Pérez, Cristina; Feltes, Gisela; Vedia, Oscar; Vergara-Uzcategui, Carlos E.; Moreno, Víctor; Cerrato, Enrico; D'Ascenzo, Fabrizio; Raposeiras-Roubin, Sergio; Martín-Sánchez, F. Javier; Alfonso, Emilio; Huang, Jia; Ramakrishna, Harish; Higes, Emma Gil; Fernández-Ortiz, Antonio; Macaya, Carlos title: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19 international registry (HOPE COVID-19), rationale and design date: 2020-09-23 journal: Contemp Clin Trials Commun DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100654 sha: doc_id: 307623 cord_uid: 8bd5m5tk file: cache/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.json key: cord-307546-g2oztc8j authors: Brewer, Nikki; Huang, Gary; Kwon, Younghoon title: Sonographer safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Echocardiogr DOI: 10.1007/s12574-020-00474-w sha: doc_id: 307546 cord_uid: g2oztc8j file: cache/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.json key: cord-307671-f9l2l8fi authors: Said, Mohammed; Hamed, Hosam title: The Forgotten Element in the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Patient Consent! date: 2020-09-19 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04976-5 sha: doc_id: 307671 cord_uid: f9l2l8fi file: cache/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.json key: cord-307688-r1pgmn6i authors: Goenka, Mahesh K.; Afzalpurkar, Shivaraj; Ghoshal, Uday C.; Guda, Nalini; Reddy, Nageshwar title: Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-18 journal: Endosc Int Open DOI: 10.1055/a-1181-8391 sha: doc_id: 307688 cord_uid: r1pgmn6i file: cache/cord-307660-onz6vfre.json key: cord-307660-onz6vfre authors: Titanji, Boghuma K; Farley, Monica M; Mehta, Ashish; Connor-Schuler, Randi; Moanna, Abeer; Cribbs, Sushma K; O’Shea, Jesse; DeSilva, Kathryn; Chan, Bonnie; Edwards, Alex; Gavegnano, Christina; Schinazi, Raymond F; Marconi, Vincent C title: Use of Baricitinib in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa879 sha: doc_id: 307660 cord_uid: onz6vfre file: cache/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.json key: cord-307646-4m80o5yw authors: Wu, Jianfeng; Huang, Jianqiang; Zhu, Guochao; Liu, Yihao; Xiao, Han; Zhou, Qian; Si, Xiang; Yi, Hui; Wang, Cuiping; Yang, Daya; Chen, Shuling; Liu, Xin; Liu, Zelong; Wang, Qiongya; Lv, Qingquan; Huang, Ying; Yu, Yang; Guan, Xiangdong; Li, Yanbing; Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah; Cheng, KarKeung; Peng, Sui; Xiao, Haipeng title: Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-03 journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa627 sha: doc_id: 307646 cord_uid: 4m80o5yw file: cache/cord-307622-r23eebet.json key: cord-307622-r23eebet authors: Kass, David A; Duggal, Priya; Cingolani, Oscar title: Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages date: 2020-05-04 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31024-2 sha: doc_id: 307622 cord_uid: r23eebet file: cache/cord-307702-n74wvika.json key: cord-307702-n74wvika authors: Durant, Thomas J S; Peaper, David R; Ferguson, David; Schulz, Wade L title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Appl Lab Med DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa121 sha: doc_id: 307702 cord_uid: n74wvika file: cache/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.json key: cord-307520-8zmwh9ch authors: Smith, L.E.; Amlȏt, R.; Lambert, H.; Oliver, I.; Robin, C.; Yardley, L.; Rubin, G.J. title: Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-06 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.024 sha: doc_id: 307520 cord_uid: 8zmwh9ch file: cache/cord-307572-44503zbt.json key: cord-307572-44503zbt authors: Afolabi, Babalola I.; Idowu, Bukunmi M.; Onigbinde, Stephen O. title: Multimodality imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial essay date: 2020-07-30 journal: Pol J Radiol DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2020.97957 sha: doc_id: 307572 cord_uid: 44503zbt file: cache/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.json key: cord-307710-dlpfbnb1 authors: Neradi, Deepak; Hooda, Aman; Shetty, Akshay; Kumar, Deepak; Salaria, Amit Kumar; Goni, Vijay title: Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide date: 2020-04-27 journal: Indian J Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00122-6 sha: doc_id: 307710 cord_uid: dlpfbnb1 file: cache/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.json key: cord-307745-8dq3vyw9 authors: Rossi, Rosario; Coppi, Francesca; Talarico, Marisa; Boriani, Giuseppe title: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA date: 2020-06-06 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 307745 cord_uid: 8dq3vyw9 file: cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.json key: cord-307673-ekajojon authors: Kaukinen, Catherine title: When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Am J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09533-5 sha: doc_id: 307673 cord_uid: ekajojon file: cache/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.json key: cord-307741-j6ihxzm2 authors: Wang, Cuiyan; Pan, Riyu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Tan, Yilin; Xu, Linkang; McIntyre, Roger S.; Choo, Faith N.; Tran, Bach; Ho, Roger; Sharma, Vijay K.; Ho, Cyrus title: A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-13 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 sha: doc_id: 307741 cord_uid: j6ihxzm2 file: cache/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.json key: cord-307653-nyr6mtj1 authors: Palmeira, Patricia; Barbuto, José Alexandre M; Silva, Clovis Artur A; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children? date: 2020-05-11 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1947 sha: doc_id: 307653 cord_uid: nyr6mtj1 file: cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.json key: cord-307690-1qqyixun authors: Preti, Emanuele; Di Pierro, Rossella; Fanti, Erika; Madeddu, Fabio; Calati, Raffaella title: Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date: 2020-11-10 journal: Curr Psychiatry Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w sha: doc_id: 307690 cord_uid: 1qqyixun file: cache/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.json key: cord-307804-s94mdu3h authors: Mady, Ossama M.; Elozairy, Hala S.; Wady, Eman M. title: Increased incidence of otitis externa in covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102672 sha: doc_id: 307804 cord_uid: s94mdu3h file: cache/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.json key: cord-307691-oufc6ywp authors: Li, Runmin; Li, Ying; Li, Bingchen; Sun, Haiyang; Liu, Xinyu; Ge, Xin; Liu, Yuanxiang; Yang, Jiguo title: Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021615 sha: doc_id: 307691 cord_uid: oufc6ywp file: cache/cord-307751-4r44ww59.json key: cord-307751-4r44ww59 authors: Tran, Bach Xuan; Vu, Giang Thu; Latkin, Carl A.; Pham, Hai Quang; Phan, Hai Thanh; Le, Huong Thi; Ho, Roger C.M. title: Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam date: 2020-05-12 journal: Saf Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104811 sha: doc_id: 307751 cord_uid: 4r44ww59 file: cache/cord-307791-59ja1ith.json key: cord-307791-59ja1ith authors: Pranata, Raymond; Lim, Michael Anthonius; Yonas, Emir; Vania, Rachel; Lukito, Antonia Anna; Siswanto, Bambang Budi; Meyer, Markus title: Body Mass Index and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-29 journal: Diabetes Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 307791 cord_uid: 59ja1ith file: cache/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.json key: cord-307857-1xj0ys7c authors: Headey, Derek; Heidkamp, Rebecca; Osendarp, Saskia; Ruel, Marie; Scott, Nick; Black, Robert; Shekar, Meera; Bouis, Howarth; Flory, Augustin; Haddad, Lawrence; Walker, Neff title: Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality date: 2020-07-27 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31647-0 sha: doc_id: 307857 cord_uid: 1xj0ys7c file: cache/cord-307761-luzs56k5.json key: cord-307761-luzs56k5 authors: Scarmozzino, Federico; Visioli, Francesco title: Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample date: 2020-05-25 journal: Foods DOI: 10.3390/foods9050675 sha: doc_id: 307761 cord_uid: luzs56k5 file: cache/cord-307862-a082sghm.json key: cord-307862-a082sghm authors: ten Cate, Hugo title: Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective date: 2020-04-20 journal: Thromb J DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00220-3 sha: doc_id: 307862 cord_uid: a082sghm file: cache/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.json key: cord-307868-bsmni8sh authors: Dhungana, Nimesh title: Human dignity and cross-border migrants in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-28 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105174 sha: doc_id: 307868 cord_uid: bsmni8sh file: cache/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.json key: cord-307927-bwltiaeo authors: Amiel, Gilad E.; Ulitzur, Nirit title: Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Cancer Educ DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01859-2 sha: doc_id: 307927 cord_uid: bwltiaeo file: cache/cord-307941-kato4ix2.json key: cord-307941-kato4ix2 authors: Ameri, Arefeh; Salmanizadeh, Farzad; Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz title: Tele-Pharmacy: A New Opportunity for Consultation in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-14 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 307941 cord_uid: kato4ix2 file: cache/cord-307945-wkz43axo.json key: cord-307945-wkz43axo authors: Baud, Grégory; Brunaud, Laurent; Lifante, Jean Christophe; Tresallet, Christophe; Sebag, Frédéric; Bizard, Jean Pierre; Mathonnet, Muriel; Menegaux, Fabrice; Caiazzo, Robert; Mirallié, Éric; Pattou, François title: Endocrine surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines in France date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Visc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.018 sha: doc_id: 307945 cord_uid: wkz43axo file: cache/cord-307929-286i4rue.json key: cord-307929-286i4rue authors: Bustati, Nour; Rajeh, Nada title: The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment- An Online Questionnaire Cross Sectional Study date: 2020-10-23 journal: J World Fed Orthod DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.10.003 sha: doc_id: 307929 cord_uid: 286i4rue file: cache/cord-307880-atrihlc2.json key: cord-307880-atrihlc2 authors: Jhaveri, Kinnari; Cohen, Jamie Alexis; Barulich, Mikela; Levin, Anna O.; Goyal, Neha; Loveday, Tristan; Chesney, Margaret A.; Shumay, Dianne M. title: “Soup cans, brooms, and Zoom:” Rapid conversion of a cancer survivorship program to telehealth during COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: Psychooncology DOI: 10.1002/pon.5473 sha: doc_id: 307880 cord_uid: atrihlc2 file: cache/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.json key: cord-307998-uaubbz4r authors: Ben Abdallah, Iannis title: Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.467 sha: doc_id: 307998 cord_uid: uaubbz4r file: cache/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.json key: cord-308080-1heu9vuv authors: Simulundu, Edgar; Mupeta, Francis; Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina; Saasa, Ngonda; Changula, Katendi; Muleya, Walter; Chitanga, Simbarashe; Mwanza, Miniva; Simusika, Paul; Chambaro, Herman; Mubemba, Benjamin; Kajihara, Masahiro; Chanda, Duncan; Mulenga, Lloyd; Fwoloshi, Sombo; Shibemba, Aaron Lunda; Kapaya, Fred; Zulu, Paul; Musonda, Kunda; Monze, Mwaka; Sinyange, Nyambe; Liwewe, Mazyanga M.; Kapin’a, Muzala; Chipimo, Peter J.; Hamoonga, Raymond; Simwaba, Davie; Ngosa, William; Morales, Albertina N.; Kayeyi, Nkomba; Tembo, John; Bates, Mathew; Orba, Yasuko; Sawa, Hirofumi; Takada, Ayato; Nalubamba, King S.; Malama, Kennedy; Mukonka, Victor; Zumla, Alimuddin; Kapata, Nathan title: First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries date: 2020-10-06 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1480 sha: doc_id: 308080 cord_uid: 1heu9vuv file: cache/cord-308085-x00c3eex.json key: cord-308085-x00c3eex authors: Kirsch, David G.; Diehn, Maximilian; Cucinoata, Francis A.; Weichselbaum, Ralph title: Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable date: 2020-05-12 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.060 sha: doc_id: 308085 cord_uid: x00c3eex file: cache/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.json key: cord-307983-gjdza9bh authors: Hawdon, James; Parti, Katalin; Dearden, Thomas E. title: Cybercrime in America amid COVID-19: the Initial Results from a Natural Experiment date: 2020-06-10 journal: Am J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09534-4 sha: doc_id: 307983 cord_uid: gjdza9bh file: cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.json key: cord-308100-tvk47fd7 authors: Soetikno, Roy; Teoh, Anthony YB.; Kaltenbach, Tonya; Lau, James YW.; Asokkumar, Ravishankar; Cabral-Prodigalidad, Patricia; Shergill, Amandeep title: Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 journal: Gastrointest Endosc DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.3758 sha: doc_id: 308100 cord_uid: tvk47fd7 file: cache/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.json key: cord-308018-qao9wxzq authors: Tisdell, Clement A. title: Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-20 journal: Econ Anal Policy DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 308018 cord_uid: qao9wxzq file: cache/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.json key: cord-308069-iydjrmhh authors: Contreras, Sebastián; Biron-Lattes, Juan Pablo; Villavicencio, H. Andrés; Medina-Ortiz, David; Llanovarced-Kawles, Nyna; Olivera-Nappa, Álvaro title: Statistically-based methodology for revealing real contagion trends and correcting delay-induced errors in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110087 sha: doc_id: 308069 cord_uid: iydjrmhh file: cache/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.json key: cord-308010-ix0xi5jb authors: Mcloughlin, Benjamin C.; Miles, Amy; Webb, Thomas E.; Knopp, Paul; Eyres, Clodagh; Fabbri, Ambra; Humphries, Fiona; Davis, Daniel title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-07-14 journal: Eur Geriatr Med DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00353-8 sha: doc_id: 308010 cord_uid: ix0xi5jb file: cache/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.json key: cord-308075-1ftswsm8 authors: Segura, Patricia Sanz; Lázaro, Yolanda Arguedas; Tapia, Sonia Mostacero; Chaves, Tomás Cabrera; Domingo, Juan José Sebastián title: Involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19. A review date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.gastre.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 308075 cord_uid: 1ftswsm8 file: cache/cord-308116-it0alwps.json key: cord-308116-it0alwps authors: Algara, M.; Arenas, M.; Marin, J.; Vallverdu, I.; Fernandez-Letón, P.; Villar, J.; Fabrer, G.; Rubio, C.; Montero, A. title: Low dose anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia by covid-19: A proposal for a multi-centric prospective trial date: 2020-06-15 journal: Clin Transl Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 308116 cord_uid: it0alwps file: cache/cord-308155-696bhy9v.json key: cord-308155-696bhy9v authors: TRECARICHI, E. M.; MAZZITELLI, M.; SERAPIDE, F.; PELLE, M. C.; TASSONE, B.; ARRIGHI, E.; PERRI, G.; FUSCO, P.; SCAGLIONE, V.; DAVOLI, C.; LIONELLO, R.; LA GAMBA, V.; MARRAZZO, G.; BUSCETI, M. T.; GIUDICE, A.; RICCHIO, M.; CANCELLIERE, A.; LIO, E.; PROCOPIO, G.; COSTANZO, F. S.; FOTI, D.; MATERA, G.; TORTI, C. title: Characteristics, outcome and predictors of in-hospital mortality in an elderly population from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility. date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143701 sha: doc_id: 308155 cord_uid: 696bhy9v file: cache/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.json key: cord-308159-qqxsrp87 authors: Elder, Colby; Bawa, Sheina; Anderson, Douglas; Atkinson, Stephen; Etzel, Joshua; Moritz, Troy title: Expectant management of pneumothorax in intubated COVID-19 positive patients: a case series date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Cardiothorac Surg DOI: 10.1186/s13019-020-01297-7 sha: doc_id: 308159 cord_uid: qqxsrp87 file: cache/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.json key: cord-308123-eu0azqfu authors: Lee, Yun Young; Park, Hee Ho; Park, Wooram; Kim, Hyelim; Jang, Jong Geol; Hong, Kyung Soo; Lee, Jae-Young; Seo, Hee Seung; Na, Dong Hee; Kim, Tae-Hyung; Choy, Young Bin; Ahn, June Hong; Lee, Wonhwa; Park, Chun Gwon title: Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm date: 2020-10-23 journal: Biomaterials DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120389 sha: doc_id: 308123 cord_uid: eu0azqfu file: cache/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.json key: cord-308165-pk8d48hs authors: Olu, Olushayo Oluseun; Waya, Joy Luba Lomole; Maleghemi, Sylvester; Rumunu, John; Ameh, David; Wamala, Joseph Francis title: Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-28 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00740-0 sha: doc_id: 308165 cord_uid: pk8d48hs file: cache/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.json key: cord-308252-qwoo7b1l authors: Cardinale, Vincenzo; Capurso, Gabriele; Ianiro, Gianluca; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Arcidiacono, Paolo Giorgio; Alvaro, Domenico title: Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis date: 2020-09-16 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 308252 cord_uid: qwoo7b1l file: cache/cord-308114-68cgub5o.json key: cord-308114-68cgub5o authors: Afrin, Lawrence B.; Weinstock, Leonard B.; Molderings, Gerhard J. title: Covid-19 Hyperinflammation and Post-Covid-19 Illness May Be Rooted in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome date: 2020-09-10 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 308114 cord_uid: 68cgub5o file: cache/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.json key: cord-308195-nlibv0u4 authors: Arleo, T. L.; Tong, D. C.; Shabto, J. M.; O'Keefe, G. D.; Khosroshahi, A. title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219154 sha: doc_id: 308195 cord_uid: nlibv0u4 file: cache/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.json key: cord-308184-w8ewm8ve authors: Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo; Marotto, Daniela; Antivalle, Marco; Salaffi, Fausto; Atzeni, Fabiola; Maconi, Giovanni; Monteleone, Giovanni; Rizzardini, Giuliano; Antinori, Spinello; Galli, Massimo; Ardizzone, Sandro title: How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion date: 2020-05-05 journal: Autoimmun Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102574 sha: doc_id: 308184 cord_uid: w8ewm8ve file: cache/cord-308357-sjravgng.json key: cord-308357-sjravgng authors: Mariania, Silvia; Schmittoa, Jan D. title: Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-28 journal: Artif Organs DOI: 10.1111/aor.13744 sha: doc_id: 308357 cord_uid: sjravgng file: cache/cord-308263-stnv5oip.json key: cord-308263-stnv5oip authors: Rosen, Raphael J. title: Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.032 sha: doc_id: 308263 cord_uid: stnv5oip file: cache/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.json key: cord-308218-0rztvk9g authors: Dunham, Alexandra M.; Rieder, Travis N.; Humbyrd, Casey J. title: A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Orthop Surg DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00371 sha: doc_id: 308218 cord_uid: 0rztvk9g file: cache/cord-308270-343r91km.json key: cord-308270-343r91km authors: Sawlani, V.; Scotton, S.; Jacob, S.; Nader, K.; Jen, J. P.; Patel, M.; Gokani, K.; Denno, P.; Thaller, M.; Englezou, C.; Janjua, U.; Bowen, M.; Hoskote, C.; Veenith, T.; Hassan-Smith, G. title: COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience date: 2020-09-15 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 308270 cord_uid: 343r91km file: cache/cord-308168-kte6btc6.json key: cord-308168-kte6btc6 authors: Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann; Silveira, Rita C.; Manzoni, Paolo; Sant’Anna, Guilherme title: Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Pediatr (Rio J) DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 308168 cord_uid: kte6btc6 file: cache/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.json key: cord-308256-jy20xtwx authors: Wells, P. M.; Doores, K. M.; Couvreur, S.; Martin Martinez, R.; Seow, J.; Graham, C.; Acors, S.; Kouphou, N.; Neil, S.; Tedder, R.; Matos, P.; Poulton, K.; Jose Lista, M.; Dickenson, R.; Sertkaya, H.; Maguire, T.; Scourfield, E.; Bowyer, R.; Hart, D.; O'Byrne, A.; Steele, K.; Hemmings, O.; Rosadas, C.; McClure, M.; Capedevila-Pujol, J.; wolf, J.; Ourseilin, S.; Brown, M.; Malim, M.; Spector, T.; Steves, C. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20162701 sha: doc_id: 308256 cord_uid: jy20xtwx file: cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.json key: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa authors: Pawlak, Katarzyna M.; Kral, Jan; Khan, Rishad; Amin, Sunil; Bilal, Mohammad; Lui, Rashid N.; Sandhu, Dalbir S.; Hashim, Almoutaz; Bollipo, Steven; Charabaty, Aline; de-Madaria, Enrique; Rodríguez-Parra, Andrés Felipe; Sánchez-Luna, Sergio A.; Żorniak, Michał; Walsh, Catharine M.; Grover, Samir C.; Siau, Keith title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date: 2020-06-11 journal: Gastrointest Endosc DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 308409 cord_uid: 0n2ysgsa file: cache/cord-308271-zzepl3on.json key: cord-308271-zzepl3on authors: Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia; Dekhtyar, Serhiy; Vetrano, Davide L.; Bellander, Tom; Fratiglioni, Laura title: COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date: 2020-08-17 journal: Ageing Res Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149 sha: doc_id: 308271 cord_uid: zzepl3on file: cache/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.json key: cord-308473-x2tfx8l9 authors: Zhang, Xiu-jie; Shi, Tie-ying; Sun, Li title: COVID-19: What is next for nursing in public health emergency? date: 2020-06-12 journal: Nurse Educ Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102821 sha: doc_id: 308473 cord_uid: x2tfx8l9 file: cache/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.json key: cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 authors: Liu, X.; Zhang, X.; Xiao, Y.; Gao, T.; Wang, G.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Hu, Y.; Dong, Q.; Zhao, S.; Yu, L.; Zhang, S.; Li, H.; Li, K.; Chen, W.; Bian, X.; Mao, Q.; Cao, C. title: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date: 2020-04-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076851 sha: doc_id: 308303 cord_uid: tgpqnoq2 file: cache/cord-308402-37i62atc.json key: cord-308402-37i62atc authors: Barnes, Betsy J.; Adrover, Jose M.; Baxter-Stoltzfus, Amelia; Borczuk, Alain; Cools-Lartigue, Jonathan; Crawford, James M.; Daßler-Plenker, Juliane; Guerci, Philippe; Huynh, Caroline; Knight, Jason S.; Loda, Massimo; Looney, Mark R.; McAllister, Florencia; Rayes, Roni; Renaud, Stephane; Rousseau, Simon; Salvatore, Steven; Schwartz, Robert E.; Spicer, Jonathan D.; Yost, Christian C.; Weber, Andrew; Zuo, Yu; Egeblad, Mikala title: Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Exp Med DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200652 sha: doc_id: 308402 cord_uid: 37i62atc file: cache/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.json key: cord-308293-8y2iaqnl authors: Singh, Vijay P.; El-Kurdi, Bara; Rood, Christopher title: What underlies the benefit of famotidine formulations used during COVID-19? date: 2020-08-07 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.051 sha: doc_id: 308293 cord_uid: 8y2iaqnl file: cache/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.json key: cord-308597-ieju8gd8 authors: de Carvalho, Renata Cristina; Groner, Matheus Ferreira; Camillo, Jacqueline; Ferreira, Paulo Roberto Abrão; Fraietta, Renato title: The interference of COVID-19 in the male reproductive system: Important questions and the future of assisted reproduction techniques date: 2020-08-21 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2183 sha: doc_id: 308597 cord_uid: ieju8gd8 file: cache/cord-308358-2bap7iih.json key: cord-308358-2bap7iih authors: Friedland, Robert P; Haribabu, Bodduluri title: The role for the metagenome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103019 sha: doc_id: 308358 cord_uid: 2bap7iih file: cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.json key: cord-308376-un4ztqf4 authors: Bakken, Suzanne title: Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa101 sha: doc_id: 308376 cord_uid: un4ztqf4 file: cache/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.json key: cord-308715-uo6h1h2e authors: Chandra, Aman; Haynes, Richard; Burdon, Michael; Laidlaw, Alistair; Neffendorf, James; Eames, Ian; daCruz, Lyndon; Lee, Richard W.; Charles, Stephen; Wilson, Peter; Dick, Andrew; Flanagan, Declan; Yorston, David; Hingorani, Melanie; Wickham, Louisa title: Personal protective equipment (PPE) for vitreoretinal surgery during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0948-3 sha: doc_id: 308715 cord_uid: uo6h1h2e file: cache/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.json key: cord-308383-j1gi1cxu authors: Xu, Jie; Hussain, Sabiha; Lu, Guanzhu; Zheng, Kai; Wei, Shi; Bao, Wei; Zhang, Lanjing title: Associations of Stay-at-Home Order and Face-Masking Recommendation with Trends in Daily New Cases and Deaths of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-08 journal: Explor Res Hypothesis Med DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00045 sha: doc_id: 308383 cord_uid: j1gi1cxu file: cache/cord-308364-4u4woek3.json key: cord-308364-4u4woek3 authors: Akkineni, Sisir; Adkinson, Brian Cody; Arias, Sixto title: Percutaneous Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: The Miami Model date: 2020-09-28 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101237 sha: doc_id: 308364 cord_uid: 4u4woek3 file: cache/cord-308527-scxemthv.json key: cord-308527-scxemthv authors: Barauna, V. G.; Singh, M. N.; Barbosa, L. L.; Marcarini, W. D.; Ribeiro-Rodrigues, R.; Vassallo, P. F.; Mill, J. G.; Warnke, P. H.; Martin, F. L. title: Ultra-rapid on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using simple ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and analysis algorithm: high sensitivity and specificity date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 sha: doc_id: 308527 cord_uid: scxemthv file: cache/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.json key: cord-308616-tyd50s4m authors: Bizri, Abdul Rahman; Khachfe, Hussein H.; Fares, Mohamad Y.; Musharrafieh, Umayya title: COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insult Over Injury for Lebanon date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00884-y sha: doc_id: 308616 cord_uid: tyd50s4m file: cache/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.json key: cord-308354-p50vs2eb authors: Martinsson, Lisa; Strang, Peter; Bergström, Jonas; Lundström, Staffan title: Were clinical routines for good end-of-life care maintained in hospitals and nursing homes during the first three months of the outbreak of COVID-19? 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N.; BRODIE, D.; FAN, E.; SHEKAR, K. title: Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211748 sha: doc_id: 308803 cord_uid: i934doud file: cache/cord-308476-pyje6txy.json key: cord-308476-pyje6txy authors: Campochiaro, Corrado; Dagna, Lorenzo title: The conundrum of interleukin-6 blockade in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 journal: The Lancet Rheumatology DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30287-3 sha: doc_id: 308476 cord_uid: pyje6txy file: cache/cord-308648-bus3axay.json key: cord-308648-bus3axay authors: He, Shan; Chen, Siyu; Kong, Lingna; Liu, Weiwei title: Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00870-4 sha: doc_id: 308648 cord_uid: bus3axay file: cache/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.json key: cord-308545-5n55yl2s authors: Verscheijden, Laurens F. M.; van der Zanden, Tjitske M.; van Bussel, Lianne P. M.; de Hoop‐Sommen, Marika; Russel, Frans G. M.; Johnson, Trevor N.; de Wildt, Saskia N. title: Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID‐19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1864 sha: doc_id: 308545 cord_uid: 5n55yl2s file: cache/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.json key: cord-308673-dkmpayk4 authors: Ni, Li; Zhou, Ling; Zhou, Min; Zhao, Jianping; Wang, Dao Wen title: Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-03-13 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0757-x sha: doc_id: 308673 cord_uid: dkmpayk4 file: cache/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.json key: cord-308730-mv3ttl1e authors: Bujanda, Luis; Arratibel, Paula; Gil, Ines; Torrente, Silvia; Martos, Maider; Navascues, Jose M Enriquez - title: Surgery and emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 308730 cord_uid: mv3ttl1e file: cache/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.json key: cord-308667-6jr3z9wx authors: Papachristodoulou, Eleni; Kakoullis, Loukas; Parperis, Konstantinos; Panos, George title: Long-term and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: implications from current and past knowledge date: 2020-06-08 journal: Pathog Dis DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa025 sha: doc_id: 308667 cord_uid: 6jr3z9wx file: cache/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.json key: cord-308808-9nol6rb4 authors: Mehrpour, Omid; Sadeghi, Mahmood title: Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: Arch Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02795-2 sha: doc_id: 308808 cord_uid: 9nol6rb4 file: cache/cord-308491-fc46k594.json key: cord-308491-fc46k594 authors: Mossa-Basha, Mahmud; Medverd, Jonathan; Linnau, Kenneth; Lynch, John B.; Wener, Mark H.; Kicska, Gregory; Staiger, Thomas; Sahani, Dushyant title: Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington date: 2020-04-08 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201326 sha: doc_id: 308491 cord_uid: fc46k594 file: cache/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.json key: cord-308807-9yggo5yk authors: Zheng, DavidX.; Jella, Tarun K.; Mitri, Elie J.; Camargo, Carlos A. title: National analysis of COVID-19 and older emergency physicians date: 2020-11-04 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.074 sha: doc_id: 308807 cord_uid: 9yggo5yk file: cache/cord-308702-90a4dj76.json key: cord-308702-90a4dj76 authors: Hussain, Azhar; Khan, Habib; Lopez‐Marco, Ana; Roberts, Neil; Oo, Aung title: Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection: Early experience date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14657 sha: doc_id: 308702 cord_uid: 90a4dj76 file: cache/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.json key: cord-308848-chvvtr0d authors: Fidel, Paul L.; Noverr, Mairi C. title: Reply to Özdemir, “Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship” date: 2020-09-22 journal: mBio DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02465-20 sha: doc_id: 308848 cord_uid: chvvtr0d file: cache/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.json key: cord-308813-4ah3cdph authors: Bartlett, Robert H.; Ogino, Mark T.; Brodie, Daniel; McMullan, David M.; Lorusso, Roberto; MacLaren, Graeme; Stead, Christine M.; Rycus, Peter; Fraser, John F.; Belohlavek, Jan; Salazar, Leonardo; Mehta, Yatin; Raman, Lakshmi; Paden, Matthew L. title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure date: 2020-04-01 journal: ASAIO J DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001173 sha: doc_id: 308813 cord_uid: 4ah3cdph file: cache/cord-308986-eblxpfds.json key: cord-308986-eblxpfds authors: Ferreira-Santos, D.; Maranhao, P.; Monteiro-Soares, M. title: Identifying baseline clinical features of people with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100271 sha: doc_id: 308986 cord_uid: eblxpfds file: cache/cord-308906-et7duogt.json key: cord-308906-et7duogt authors: Di, Gaohong; Xia, Chengkun; Yao, Shanglong; Chen, Xiangdong; Wu, Zhilin; Hu, Ling; Wang, Jie title: Simple and Effective Primary Assessment of Emergency Patients in a COVID-19 Outbreak Area: A Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-20 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s263950 sha: doc_id: 308906 cord_uid: et7duogt file: cache/cord-308964-y18nru1d.json key: cord-308964-y18nru1d authors: Couper, Keith; Taylor-Phillips, Sian; Grove, Amy; Freeman, Karoline; Osokogu, Osemeke; Court, Rachel; Mehrabian, Amin; Morley, Peter T.; Nolan, Jerry P.; Soar, Jasmeet; Perkins, Gavin D. title: COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review date: 2020-04-20 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.022 sha: doc_id: 308964 cord_uid: y18nru1d file: cache/cord-308860-llumyzno.json key: cord-308860-llumyzno authors: Ramón Martínez Riera, José; Gras-Nieto, Elvira title: ATENCIÓN DOMICILIARIA Y COVID-19. ANTES, DURANTE Y DESPUÉS DEL ESTADO DE ALARMA date: 2020-05-15 journal: Enferm Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 308860 cord_uid: llumyzno file: cache/cord-308857-otsrexqu.json key: cord-308857-otsrexqu authors: Goel, Saurav; Hawi, Sara; Goel, Gaurav; Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Pearce, Oliver; Hoskins, Clare; Hussain, Tanvir; Agrawal, Anupam; Upadhyaya, Hari M.; Cross, Graham; Barber, Asa H. title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 journal: Mater Today Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100300 sha: doc_id: 308857 cord_uid: otsrexqu file: cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.json key: cord-309080-1r8t8yxv authors: Tay, Yi Xiang; Cai, Sihui; Chow, Hwei Chuin; Lai, Christopher title: The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 309080 cord_uid: 1r8t8yxv file: cache/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.json key: cord-309089-ex9nh1yi authors: Coperchini, Francesca; Chiovato, Luca; Croce, Laura; Magri, Flavia; Rotondi, Mario title: The Cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system date: 2020-05-11 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 309089 cord_uid: ex9nh1yi file: cache/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.json key: cord-308892-5gbjdr0u authors: Fu, Lin; Fei, Jun; Xu, Shen; Xiang, Hui-Xian; Xiang, Ying; Tan, Zhu-Xia; Li, Meng-Die; Liu, Fang-Fang; Li, Ying; Han, Ming-Feng; Li, Xiu-Yong; Zhao, Hui; Xu, De-Xiang title: Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050997 sha: doc_id: 308892 cord_uid: 5gbjdr0u file: cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.json key: cord-309001-erm705tg authors: Liu, Q.; Song, N. C.; Zheng, Z. K.; Li, J. S.; Li, S. K. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001442 sha: doc_id: 309001 cord_uid: erm705tg file: cache/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.json key: cord-309095-ka9abe0c authors: Idoiaga, Nahia; Berasategi, Naiara; Eiguren, Amaia; Picaza, Maitane title: Exploring Children’s Social and Emotional Representations of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01952 sha: doc_id: 309095 cord_uid: ka9abe0c file: cache/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.json key: cord-309200-t2xugb8l authors: Asadi, Sima; Bouvier, Nicole; Wexler, Anthony S.; Ristenpart, William D. title: The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles? date: 2020-04-03 journal: Aerosol Sci Technol DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1749229 sha: doc_id: 309200 cord_uid: t2xugb8l file: cache/cord-309032-idjdzs97.json key: cord-309032-idjdzs97 authors: Zhou, Feng; You, Chong; Zhang, Xiaoyu; Qian, Kaihuan; Hou, Yan; Gao, Yanhui; Zhou, Xiao-Hua title: Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Critical Time Intervals of COVID-19 in Eighteen Provinces, China: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1487 sha: doc_id: 309032 cord_uid: idjdzs97 file: cache/cord-309024-pu830bn9.json key: cord-309024-pu830bn9 authors: Bernardo, Luca; Del Sesto, Stefania; Giordano, Laura; Benincaso, Anna Rita; Biondi, Piero; Goj, Vinicio; Ferrara, Francesca; Talenti, Antonella; Grisolia, Antonella; Ascierto, Paolo Antonio title: Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature date: 2020-09-14 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00777-z sha: doc_id: 309024 cord_uid: pu830bn9 file: cache/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.json key: cord-309133-0jh84w6f authors: Huang, Shiu-Feng; Huang, Yhu-Chering; Chang, Feng-Yee; Lin, Jung-Chung; Chiu, Chun-Hsiang; Chen, Chien-Wen; Wang, Fu-Der; Chiu, Yen-Ling; Cheng, Shu-Hsing; Cheng, Chien-Yu; Lin, Yi-Chun; Chen, Cheng-Pin; Huang, Chien-Hsien; Liu, Po-Yu; Lee, Yuan-Ti; Lee, Chen-Hsiang; Chen, Yao-Shen; Sy, Cheng-Len; Tseng, Yu-Ting; Hsu, Cheng-Ting; Tseng, Chia-Chun; Lee, Yu-Lin; Liu, Chun-Eng; Sytwu, Huey-Kang title: Rapid establishment of a COVID-19 biobank in NHRI by National Biobank Consortium of Taiwan date: 2020-05-29 journal: Biomed J DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 309133 cord_uid: 0jh84w6f file: cache/cord-309195-0scmephx.json key: cord-309195-0scmephx authors: Blicharz, Leszek; Czuwara, Joanna; Samochocki, Zbigniew; Goldust, Mohamad; Chrostowska, Sylwia; Olszewska, Małgorzata; Rudnicka, Lidia title: Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments date: 2020-05-08 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13545 sha: doc_id: 309195 cord_uid: 0scmephx file: cache/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.json key: cord-309267-ihc7h8ik authors: Vervaecke, Deanna; Meisner, Brad A title: Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 journal: Gerontologist DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa131 sha: doc_id: 309267 cord_uid: ihc7h8ik file: cache/cord-309128-gmraihg6.json key: cord-309128-gmraihg6 authors: Yanai, Hidekatsu title: A Significance of High Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4218 sha: doc_id: 309128 cord_uid: gmraihg6 file: cache/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.json key: cord-309273-gtvi37gh authors: Flesia, Luca; Monaro, Merylin; Mazza, Cristina; Fietta, Valentina; Colicino, Elena; Segatto, Barbara; Roma, Paolo title: Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models date: 2020-10-19 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103350 sha: doc_id: 309273 cord_uid: gtvi37gh file: cache/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.json key: cord-309147-c3ikb81g authors: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid; Zamzami, Mazin A.; Choudhry, Hani; Murtaza, Bibi Nazia; Kazmi, Imran; Ahmad, Habib; Shakoori, Abdul Rauf title: Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-22 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040307 sha: doc_id: 309147 cord_uid: c3ikb81g file: cache/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.json key: cord-309171-kgc7lgjp authors: Dolinger, Michael T.; Person, Hannibal; Smith, Rachel; Jarchin, Lauren; Pittman, Nanci; Dubinsky, Marla C.; Lai, Joanne title: Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002809 sha: doc_id: 309171 cord_uid: kgc7lgjp file: cache/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.json key: cord-308996-tf0v2ojk authors: Maas, Angela HEM; Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine title: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine date: 2020-08-24 journal: Eur Cardiol DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2020.28 sha: doc_id: 308996 cord_uid: tf0v2ojk file: cache/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.json key: cord-309238-7lbt0f03 authors: Koratala, Abhilash; Ronco, Claudio; Kazory, Amir title: Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach date: 2020-05-27 journal: Cardiorenal Med DOI: 10.1159/000508544 sha: doc_id: 309238 cord_uid: 7lbt0f03 file: cache/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.json key: cord-309125-ddgoc5yk authors: Gavin, Blánaid; Hayden, John C.; Quigley, Etain; Adamis, Dimitrios; McNicholas, Fiona title: Opportunities for international collaboration in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-06-16 journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01577-6 sha: doc_id: 309125 cord_uid: ddgoc5yk file: cache/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.json key: cord-309302-n6cd2fc3 authors: Wang, Li; Jiang, Man; Qu, Jialin; Zhou, Na; Zhang, Xiaochun title: Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-23 journal: Infect Agent Cancer DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00322-7 sha: doc_id: 309302 cord_uid: n6cd2fc3 file: cache/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.json key: cord-309370-g8d3w7it authors: Insausti-García, Alfredo; Reche-Sainz, José Alberto; Ruiz-Arranz, Celia; López Vázquez, Ángel; Ferro-Osuna, Manuel title: Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state date: 2020-07-30 journal: Eur J Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1177/1120672120947591 sha: doc_id: 309370 cord_uid: g8d3w7it file: cache/cord-309194-jtouafgd.json key: cord-309194-jtouafgd authors: Lu, Xiao; Zhang, Mao; Qian, Anyu; Tang, Luping; Xu, Shanxiang title: Lung ultrasound score in establishing the timing of intubation in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: A preliminary retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-03 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238679 sha: doc_id: 309194 cord_uid: jtouafgd file: cache/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.json key: cord-309134-mxk8d9jd authors: Zhou, Yongxia; Zheng, Yineng; Yang, Quan; Hu, Liangbo; Liao, Juan; Li, Xiaoyan title: Cohort study of chest CT and clinical changes in 29 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-26 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07007-0 sha: doc_id: 309134 cord_uid: mxk8d9jd file: cache/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.json key: cord-309395-5yan9fcn authors: Kazory, Amir; Ronco, Claudio; McCullough, Peter A. title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill date: 2020-04-16 journal: Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1754700 sha: doc_id: 309395 cord_uid: 5yan9fcn file: cache/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.json key: cord-309138-44qpk2vf authors: Khanna, Kanika; Kohli, Sukhmeen Kaur; Kaur, Ravdeep; Bhardwaj, Abhay; Bhardwaj, Vinay; Ohri, Puja; Sharma, Anket; Ahmad, Ajaz; Bhardwaj, Renu; Ahmad, Parvaiz title: Herbal Immune-boosters: Substantial Warriors of Pandemic Covid-19 Battle date: 2020-10-03 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153361 sha: doc_id: 309138 cord_uid: 44qpk2vf file: cache/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.json key: cord-309214-v2iqgjc4 authors: Nougier, Christophe; Benoit, Remi; Simon, Marie; Desmurs‐Clavel, Helene; Marcotte, Guillaume; Argaud, Laurent; David, Jean Stephane; Bonnet, Aurelie; Negrier, Claude; Dargaud, Yesim title: Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in sars‐cov2 associated thrombosis date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.15016 sha: doc_id: 309214 cord_uid: v2iqgjc4 file: cache/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.json key: cord-309360-cpis1l4u authors: Barrios-López, J. M.; Rego-García, I.; Muñoz Martínez, C.; Romero-Fábrega, J. C.; Rivero Rodríguez, M.; Ruiz Giménez, J. A.; Escamilla-Sevilla, F.; Mínguez-Castellanos, A.; Fernández Pérez, M. D. title: Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association? date: 2020-05-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 309360 cord_uid: cpis1l4u file: cache/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.json key: cord-309315-3ojmmkwf authors: Sugiyama, Yohsuke; Tsuchiya, Takaaki; Tanaka, Ryota; Ouchi, Aiko; Motoyama, Arata; Takamoto, Takeshi; Hara, Natsumi; Yanagawa, Yoshitaka title: Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Clin Neurosci DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.038 sha: doc_id: 309315 cord_uid: 3ojmmkwf file: cache/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.json key: cord-309377-5pusd2pc authors: Tran, Thi Phuong Thao; Le, Thanh Ha; Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Phuong; Hoang, Van Minh title: Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success date: 2020-07-28 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020502 sha: doc_id: 309377 cord_uid: 5pusd2pc file: cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.json key: cord-309478-yhmgopmr authors: Jin, Ying-Hui; Huang, Qiao; Wang, Yun-Yun; Zeng, Xian-Tao; Luo, Li-Sha; Pan, Zhen-Yu; Yuan, Yu-Feng; Chen, Zhi-Min; Cheng, Zhen-Shun; Huang, Xing; Wang, Na; Li, Bing-Hui; Zi, Hao; Zhao, Ming-Juan; Ma, Lin-Lu; Deng, Tong; Wang, Ying; Wang, Xing-Huan title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 journal: Mil Med Res DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8 sha: doc_id: 309478 cord_uid: yhmgopmr file: cache/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.json key: cord-309236-p4c2d5y3 authors: Khurram, Ruhaid; Johnson, Franklin T F; Naran, Revati; Hare, Samanjit title: Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-11 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237475 sha: doc_id: 309236 cord_uid: p4c2d5y3 file: cache/cord-309441-obojsf04.json key: cord-309441-obojsf04 authors: Pirau, Letitia; Ottenhoff, Lauren; Williamson, Craig A.; Ahmad, Shahid N.; Wabl, Rafael; Nguyen, Andrew; Faiver, Laura; Rajajee, Venkatakrishna title: Case Series: Evidence of Borderzone Ischemia in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who “Do Not Wake Up” date: 2020-09-23 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00964 sha: doc_id: 309441 cord_uid: obojsf04 file: cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.json key: cord-309521-2cb992u1 authors: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih; Chaudhuri, Arindam title: “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date: 2020-05-21 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.042 sha: doc_id: 309521 cord_uid: 2cb992u1 file: cache/cord-309482-frawgvk7.json key: cord-309482-frawgvk7 authors: Cook, T. M.; Harrop‐Griffiths, W. title: Kicking on while it’s still kicking off – getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15128 sha: doc_id: 309482 cord_uid: frawgvk7 file: cache/cord-309323-yflng8m3.json key: cord-309323-yflng8m3 authors: Thomas, T.; Stefanoni, D.; Reisz, J. A.; Nemkov, T.; Bertolone, L.; Francis, R. O.; Hudson, K. E.; Zimring, J. C.; Hansen, K. C.; Hod, E. A.; Spitalnik, S. L.; D'Alessandro, A. title: COVID-19 infection results in alterations of the kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism that correlate with IL-6 levels and renal status date: 2020-05-16 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 sha: doc_id: 309323 cord_uid: yflng8m3 file: cache/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.json key: cord-309436-5qoo3a8i authors: Balanzá–Martínez, V.; Atienza–Carbonell, B.; Kapczinski, F.; De Boni, R. B. title: Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect date: 2020-05-12 journal: Acta Psychiatr Scand DOI: 10.1111/acps.13177 sha: doc_id: 309436 cord_uid: 5qoo3a8i file: cache/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.json key: cord-309571-a0xu1d56 authors: Aboughdir, Maryam; Kirwin, Thomas; Abdul Khader, Ashiq; Wang, Brian title: Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-11 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12050527 sha: doc_id: 309571 cord_uid: a0xu1d56 file: cache/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.json key: cord-309333-lvcp8imi authors: Fenichel, Eli P; Berry, Kevin; Bayham, Jude; Gonsalves, Gregg title: A cell phone data driven time use analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073098 sha: doc_id: 309333 cord_uid: lvcp8imi file: cache/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.json key: cord-309418-dx6e0lri authors: Segalés, Joaquim; Puig, Mariona; Rodon, Jordi; Avila-Nieto, Carlos; Carrillo, Jorge; Cantero, Guillermo; Terrón, Maria Teresa; Cruz, Sílvia; Parera, Mariona; Noguera-Julián, Marc; Izquierdo-Useros, Nuria; Guallar, Víctor; Vidal, Enric; Valencia, Alfonso; Blanco, Ignacio; Blanco, Julià; Clotet, Bonaventura; Vergara-Alert, Júlia title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain date: 2020-10-06 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010817117 sha: doc_id: 309418 cord_uid: dx6e0lri file: cache/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.json key: cord-309509-ftwpys3y authors: Ondoa, Pascale; Kebede, Yenew; Loembe, Marguerite Massinga; Bhiman, Jinal N; Tessema, Sofonias Kifle; Sow, Abdourahmane; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Nkengasong, John title: COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt date: 2020-07-03 journal: Lancet Microbe DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30068-9 sha: doc_id: 309509 cord_uid: ftwpys3y file: cache/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.json key: cord-309582-ihrj84hr authors: AlNaamani, Khalid; AlSinani, Siham; Barkun, Alan N title: Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3156 sha: doc_id: 309582 cord_uid: ihrj84hr file: cache/cord-309619-glb2y82u.json key: cord-309619-glb2y82u authors: Domingo, Pere; Mur, Isabel; Pomar, Virginia; Corominas, Héctor; Casademont, Jordi; de Benito, Natividad title: The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-29 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102887 sha: doc_id: 309619 cord_uid: glb2y82u file: cache/cord-309668-5rytk13w.json key: cord-309668-5rytk13w authors: Alsini, Albaraa Y.; Sayed, Suhail; Alkaf, Hadad Hussein; Abdelmonim, Sherif K.; Alessa, Mohammed Ali title: Tongue reconstruction post partial glossectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case report date: 2020-09-06 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.044 sha: doc_id: 309668 cord_uid: 5rytk13w file: cache/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.json key: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob authors: Röst, Gergely; Bartha, Ferenc A.; Bogya, Norbert; Boldog, Péter; Dénes, Attila; Ferenci, Tamás; Horváth, Krisztina J.; Juhász, Attila; Nagy, Csilla; Tekeli, Tamás; Vizi, Zsolt; Oroszi, Beatrix title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12070708 sha: doc_id: 309378 cord_uid: sfr1x0ob file: cache/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.json key: cord-309629-7jtnhn65 authors: Thomas, Viju; Maillard, Charlotte; Barnard, Annelize; Snyman, Leon; Chrysostomou, Andreas; Shimange-Matsose, Lusandolwethu; Van Herendael, Bruno title: International society for gynecologic endoscopy (ISGE) guidelines and recommendations on gynecological endoscopy during the evolutionary phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.039 sha: doc_id: 309629 cord_uid: 7jtnhn65 file: cache/cord-309706-kikx05dj.json key: cord-309706-kikx05dj authors: MacDonald, Scott; Kovacs, George; Witter, Tobias; Leroux, Yves; Crocker, Steven; Richards, Lindsay title: Implementing a 2019 coronavirus disease airway management strategy for a provincial critical care and ground transport program date: 2020-06-03 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.413 sha: doc_id: 309706 cord_uid: kikx05dj file: cache/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.json key: cord-309728-7vfotgrr authors: Johnson, Kristen M.; Belfer, Julie J.; Peterson, Gina R.; Boelkins, Mark R.; Dumkow, Lisa E. title: Managing COVID‐19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid‐sparing Immunosuppression date: 2020-05-26 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2410 sha: doc_id: 309728 cord_uid: 7vfotgrr file: cache/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.json key: cord-309590-8p7qp4it authors: Anacak, Yavuz; Onal, Cem; Ozyigit, Gokhan; Agaoglu, Fulya; Akboru, Halil; Akyurek, Serap; Gursel, Bilge; Igdem, Sefik; Yalman, Deniz; Yıldız, Ferah; Saglam, Esra Kaytan title: Changes in radiotherapy practice during COVID–19 outbreak in turkey: a report from the turkish society for radiation oncology date: 2020-06-13 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.014 sha: doc_id: 309590 cord_uid: 8p7qp4it file: cache/cord-309608-oal60som.json key: cord-309608-oal60som authors: Luo, Shihua; Zhang, Xiaochun; Xu, Haibo title: Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-20 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.043 sha: doc_id: 309608 cord_uid: oal60som file: cache/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.json key: cord-309716-4wn3lx70 authors: Wang, W.; Su, X.; Ding, Y.; Fan, W.; Su, J.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, H.; Xu, K.; Ni, Q.; Xu, X.; Qiu, Y.; Teng, L. title: Thyroid function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20130807 sha: doc_id: 309716 cord_uid: 4wn3lx70 file: cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.json key: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 authors: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal; Morsy, Mohamed; Osman, Ahmed E.; AbdelKawi, Ayman F.; Ibrahim, Mahmoud Fouad; Eisa, Amr; Fadle, Amr A.; Hatem, Amr; Anter Abdelhameed, Mohammed; Hassan, Ahmed Abdelazim A.; Shawky Abdelgawaad, Ahmed title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 journal: SICOT-J DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2020022 sha: doc_id: 309751 cord_uid: 7elnvjk3 file: cache/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.json key: cord-309739-3smgv1ma authors: Doyle, Andrew J; Danaee, Anicee; I Furtado, Charlene; Miller, Scott; Maggs, Tim; Robinson, Susan E; Retter, Andrew title: Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience date: 2020-07-08 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17007 sha: doc_id: 309739 cord_uid: 3smgv1ma file: cache/cord-309711-x07odyxl.json key: cord-309711-x07odyxl authors: Pereyra, David; Heber, Stefan; Jilma, Bernd; Zoufaly, Alexander; Assinger, Alice title: Routine haematological parameters in COVID-19 prognosis date: 2020-09-22 journal: Lancet Haematol DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30286-6 sha: doc_id: 309711 cord_uid: x07odyxl file: cache/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.json key: cord-309644-cujlpm4i authors: Sola, Augusto; Rodríguez, Susana; Cardetti, Marcelo; Dávila, Carmen title: COVID-19 perinatal en América Latina date: 2020-07-31 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.47 sha: doc_id: 309644 cord_uid: cujlpm4i file: cache/cord-309733-x4crng5j.json key: cord-309733-x4crng5j authors: Dhesi, Z.; Enne, V. I.; Brealey, D.; Livermore, D. M.; High, J.; Russell, C.; Colles, A.; Kandil, H.; Mack, D.; Martin, D.; Page, V.; Parker, R.; Roulston, K.; Singh, S.; Wey, E.; Swart, A. M.; Stirling, S.; Barber, J. A.; O'Grady, J.; Gant, V. A. title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20131573 sha: doc_id: 309733 cord_uid: x4crng5j file: cache/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.json key: cord-309729-nd48uh8e authors: Antunes, Adriane E.C.; Vinderola, Gabriel; Xavier-Santos, Douglas; Sivieri, Katia title: Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID- 19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Food Res Int DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109577 sha: doc_id: 309729 cord_uid: nd48uh8e file: cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.json key: cord-309705-el5rembl authors: Dantés, Héctor Gómez; Manrique-Saide, Pablo; Vazquez-Prokopec, Gonzalo; Morales, Fabian Correa; Siqueira, João Bosco; Pimenta, Fabiano; Coelho, Giovanini; Bezerra, Haroldo title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200284 sha: doc_id: 309705 cord_uid: el5rembl file: cache/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.json key: cord-309809-zvh2k97q authors: Knepple Carney, Amy; Graf, Allyson S; Hudson, Grace; Wilson, Ellen title: Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being date: 2020-08-18 journal: Gerontologist DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa106 sha: doc_id: 309809 cord_uid: zvh2k97q file: cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.json key: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 authors: Chou, Roger; Dana, Tracy; Buckley, David I.; Selph, Shelley; Fu, Rongwei; Totten, Annette M. title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-1134 sha: doc_id: 309650 cord_uid: 6xz9gjq0 file: cache/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.json key: cord-309823-fwa6mpb9 authors: Stergachis, Andy title: Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 309823 cord_uid: fwa6mpb9 file: cache/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.json key: cord-309826-xutv2x8p authors: Baud, Grégory; Brunaud, Laurent; Lifante, Jean Christophe; Tresallet, Christophe; Sebag, Frédéric; Bizard, Jean Pierre; Mathonnet, Muriel; Menegaux, Fabrice; Caiazzo, Robert; Mirallié, Éric; Pattou, François title: Chirurgie endocrinienne au cours et au décours de l’épidémie de COVID-19: Recommandations de l’AFCE date: 2020-04-30 journal: Journal de chirurgie viscerale DOI: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.015 sha: doc_id: 309826 cord_uid: xutv2x8p file: cache/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.json key: cord-309799-fhkbcp7z authors: Hwang, Yerin; Khasag, Altaisaikhan; Jia, Weiping; Jenkins, Alicia; Huang, Chien-Ning; Yabe, Daisuke; Kim, Doo-Man; Kadowaki, Takashi; Lee, Moon-Kyu title: Diabetes and COVID-19: IDF perspective in the Western Pacific Region date: 2020-06-25 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108278 sha: doc_id: 309799 cord_uid: fhkbcp7z file: cache/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.json key: cord-309864-yzb3si3w authors: Smeda, Marta; Chlopicki, Stefan title: Endothelial barrier integrity in COVID-19-dependent hyperinflammation: does the protective facet of platelet function matter? date: 2020-08-01 journal: Cardiovasc Res DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa190 sha: doc_id: 309864 cord_uid: yzb3si3w file: cache/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.json key: cord-309886-j63cpzj2 authors: Pacha, Omar; Sallman, Mary Alice; Evans, Scott E. title: COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17? date: 2020-05-01 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0328-z sha: doc_id: 309886 cord_uid: j63cpzj2 file: cache/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.json key: cord-309829-3dlfcy31 authors: Parupudi, Tejasvi; Panchagnula, Neha; Muthukumar, Sriram; Prasad, Shalini title: Evidence-based point-of-care technology development during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 journal: BioTechniques DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0096 sha: doc_id: 309829 cord_uid: 3dlfcy31 file: cache/cord-310026-j418v75n.json key: cord-310026-j418v75n authors: Miller, Jemima H.; Opat, Stephen S.; Shortt, Jake; Kotsanas, Despina; Dendle, Claire; Graham, Maryza title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients date: 2020-10-20 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.1279 sha: doc_id: 310026 cord_uid: j418v75n file: cache/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.json key: cord-309981-4p3ybrn1 authors: Dai, Ling-Ling; Wang, Xi; Jiang, Tian-Ci; Li, Peng-Fei; Wang, Yu; Wu, Shu-Jun; Jia, Liu-Qun; Liu, Meng; An, Lin; Cheng, Zhe title: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416 sha: doc_id: 309981 cord_uid: 4p3ybrn1 file: cache/cord-309830-3iztragp.json key: cord-309830-3iztragp authors: Zhang, Yang; Chen, Haiquan title: Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 309830 cord_uid: 3iztragp file: cache/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.json key: cord-309931-cpzp33b3 authors: Zawawi, Ayat; Alghanmi, Maimonah; Alsaady, Isra; Gattan, Hattan; Zakai, Haytham; Couper, Kevin title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination date: 2020-10-20 journal: Parasite Epidemiol Control DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00187 sha: doc_id: 309931 cord_uid: cpzp33b3 file: cache/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.json key: cord-309946-1j8ewpcf authors: Jorge-Pérez, Pablo; Rincón, Pablo Loma-Osorio; Martín-Cabeza, Marta María; Corbí-Pascual, Miguel; Dárias-Delbey, Beneharo; Durante-López, Alejandro; Escudier-Villa, Juan Manuel; Blanco-Mata, Roberto; de Sá y Areses, Esteban López title: Recomendaciones en reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.rccl.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 309946 cord_uid: 1j8ewpcf file: cache/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.json key: cord-309950-nutxlvmm authors: Vieira, André; Peixoto, Vasco Ricoca; Aguiar, Pedro; Abrantes, Alexandre title: Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200628.001 sha: doc_id: 309950 cord_uid: nutxlvmm file: cache/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.json key: cord-309986-p7pqla6l authors: Harkin, Timothy J; Rurak, Kevin M; Martins, John; Eber, Corey; Szporn, Arnold H; Beasley, Mary Beth title: Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation date: 2020-05-18 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30232-0 sha: doc_id: 309986 cord_uid: p7pqla6l file: cache/cord-310073-ncj500af.json key: cord-310073-ncj500af authors: Falkingham, J.; Evandrou, M.; Qin, M.; Vlachantoni, A. title: Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemicin the UK date: 2020-07-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.19.20157255 sha: doc_id: 310073 cord_uid: ncj500af file: cache/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.json key: cord-310060-ymoxt1zq authors: Liu, Fengjun; Zhang, Qi; Huang, Chao; Shi, Chunzi; Wang, Lin; Shi, Nannan; Fang, Cong; Shan, Fei; Mei, Xue; Shi, Jing; Song, Fengxiang; Yang, Zhongcheng; Ding, Zezhen; Su, Xiaoming; Lu, Hongzhou; Zhu, Tongyu; Zhang, Zhiyong; Shi, Lei; Shi, Yuxin title: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 journal: Theranostics DOI: 10.7150/thno.45985 sha: doc_id: 310060 cord_uid: ymoxt1zq file: cache/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.json key: cord-310042-9z8rkzq8 authors: Aysha, Al‐Ani; Rentsch, Clarissa; Prentice, Ralley; Johnson, Doug; Bryant, Robert V.; Ward, Mark G.; Costello, Samuel P.; Lewindon, Peter; Ghaly, Simon; Connor, Susan J.; Begun, Jakob; Christensen, Britt title: Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty date: 2020-07-12 journal: Intern Med J DOI: 10.1111/imj.14889 sha: doc_id: 310042 cord_uid: 9z8rkzq8 file: cache/cord-309769-phi3re5g.json key: cord-309769-phi3re5g authors: Weissman, Ruth Striegel; Klump, Kelly L.; Rose, Jennifer title: Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19: A survey of researchers in the field date: 2020-05-25 journal: Int J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1002/eat.23303 sha: doc_id: 309769 cord_uid: phi3re5g file: cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.json key: cord-310104-1c7q9m06 authors: Sasangohar, Farzan; Jones, Stephen L.; Masud, Faisal N.; Vahidy, Farhaan S.; Kash, Bita A. title: Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004866 sha: doc_id: 310104 cord_uid: 1c7q9m06 file: cache/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.json key: cord-310105-a4fzp6bn authors: Kamdar, Hera A.; Senay, Blake; Mainali, Shraddha; Lee, Vivien; Gulati, Deepak Kumar; Greene-Chandos, Diana; Hinduja, Archana; Strohm, Tamara title: Clinician's Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105179 sha: doc_id: 310105 cord_uid: a4fzp6bn file: cache/cord-309970-jkmjiika.json key: cord-309970-jkmjiika authors: Liu, Qin; Xu, Kaiyuan; Wang, Xiang; Wang, Wenmei title: From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 309970 cord_uid: jkmjiika file: cache/cord-310149-8idvf79g.json key: cord-310149-8idvf79g authors: Antinori, Spinello; Torre, Alessandro; Antinori, Carolina; Bonazzetti, Cecilia; Sollima, Salvatore; Ridolfo, Anna Lisa; Galli, Massimo title: SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family date: 2020-06-09 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101784 sha: doc_id: 310149 cord_uid: 8idvf79g file: cache/cord-309987-vvt1x151.json key: cord-309987-vvt1x151 authors: Camacho-Rivera, Marlene; Islam, Jessica Y.; Vidot, Denise C. title: Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey date: 2020-08-05 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0031 sha: doc_id: 309987 cord_uid: vvt1x151 file: cache/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.json key: cord-310084-taaz6mhs authors: Fatehi, Poya; Hesam-Shariati, Negin; Abouzaripour, Morteza; Fathi, Fardin; Hesam Shariati, Mohammad Bakhtiar title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series date: 2020-10-01 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00559-8 sha: doc_id: 310084 cord_uid: taaz6mhs file: cache/cord-310108-glikeowu.json key: cord-310108-glikeowu authors: Ghosh, Amerta; Gupta, Vimal; Misra, Anoop title: COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes date: 2020-10-10 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 310108 cord_uid: glikeowu file: cache/cord-310157-gzysuusk.json key: cord-310157-gzysuusk authors: Piapan, Linda; De Michieli, Paola; Ronchese, Federico; Rui, Francesca; Mauro, Marcella; Peresson, Maria; Segat, Ludovica; D’Agaro, Pierlanfranco; Negro, Corrado; Bovenzi, Massimo; Filon, Francesca Larese title: COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy) date: 2020-08-14 journal: Journal of Hospital Infection DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 310157 cord_uid: gzysuusk file: cache/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.json key: cord-309930-zlzuoeh2 authors: Zhou, Zhiming; Guo, Dajing; Li, Chuanming; Fang, Zheng; Chen, Linli; Yang, Ran; Li, Xiang; Zeng, Wenbing title: Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings date: 2020-03-24 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06816-7 sha: doc_id: 309930 cord_uid: zlzuoeh2 file: cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.json key: cord-310027-846vp7ii authors: Ma, Lin-Lu; Yin, Xuan; Li, Bing-Hui; Yang, Jia-Yu; Jin, Ying-Hui; Huang, Di; Deng, Tong; Wang, Yun-Yun; Ren, Xue-Qun; Ji, Jianguang; Zeng, Xian-Tao title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date: 2020-09-02 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.540187 sha: doc_id: 310027 cord_uid: 846vp7ii file: cache/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.json key: cord-310123-h7i49pdb authors: De Smet, Robert; Mellaerts, Bea; Vandewinckele, Hannelore; Lybeert, Peter; Frans, Eric; Ombelet, Sara; Lemahieu, Wim; Symons, Rolf; Ho, Erwin; Frans, Johan; Smismans, Annick; Laurent, Michaël R. title: Frailty and mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: retrospective observational study date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 310123 cord_uid: h7i49pdb file: cache/cord-310117-19qsszns.json key: cord-310117-19qsszns authors: Huang, Yao; Chen, Zhe; Wang, Yu; Han, Liang; Qin, Kai; Huang, Wenya; Huang, Ying; Wang, Hui; Shen, Pan; Ba, Xin; Lin, Weiji; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Mingmin; Tu, Shenghao title: Clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-16 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217425 sha: doc_id: 310117 cord_uid: 19qsszns file: cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.json key: cord-310144-s25do8cb authors: Lara-Reyna, Jacques; Yaeger, Kurt A.; Rossitto, Christina P.; Camara, Divaldo; Wedderburn, Raymond; Ghatan, Saadi; Bederson, Joshua B.; Margetis, Konstantinos title: “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.155 sha: doc_id: 310144 cord_uid: s25do8cb file: cache/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.json key: cord-309983-lpawbk7s authors: Rousan, Liqa A.; Elobeid, Eyhab; Karrar, Musaab; Khader, Yousef title: Chest x-ray findings and temporal lung changes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-15 journal: BMC Pulm Med DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01286-5 sha: doc_id: 309983 cord_uid: lpawbk7s file: cache/cord-310184-qth1y88o.json key: cord-310184-qth1y88o authors: Alunno, Alessia; Carubbi, Francesco; Rodríguez-Carrio, Javier title: Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin date: 2020-05-18 journal: RMD Open DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001295 sha: doc_id: 310184 cord_uid: qth1y88o file: cache/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.json key: cord-310207-lfub6y5m authors: Nanda, Satyan; Handa, Rahul; Prasad, Atul; Anand, Rajiv; Zutshi, Dhruv; Dass, Sujata K.; Bedi, Prabhjeet Kaur; Pahuja, Aarti; Shah, Pankaj Kumar; Sharma, Bipan title: Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India date: 2020-09-16 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.029 sha: doc_id: 310207 cord_uid: lfub6y5m file: cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.json key: cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 authors: Wei, Wei; Hu, Xiao-wen; Cheng, Qi; Zhao, Ying-ming; Ge, Ya-qiong title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date: 2020-07-01 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07012-3 sha: doc_id: 310150 cord_uid: j1mvr9r9 file: cache/cord-310166-gt6icwul.json key: cord-310166-gt6icwul authors: Yang, Xiang-Hong; Sun, Ren-Hua; Zhao, Ming-Yan; Chen, Er-Zhen; Liu, Jiao; Wang, Hong-Liang; Yang, Rong-Li; Chen, De-Chang title: Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19(): Recommendation and consensus date: 2020-04-28 journal: Chronic Dis Transl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 310166 cord_uid: gt6icwul file: cache/cord-310190-405m9bco.json key: cord-310190-405m9bco authors: Kim, Tark; Choi, Min Joo; Kim, Sun Bean; Kim, Jin Yong; Lee, Jacob; Oh, Hong Sang; Lee, Heeyoung; Yoon, Young Kyung title: Strategical Preparedness and Response Actions in the Healthcare System Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 according to Transmission Scenario in Korea date: 2020-07-22 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.3.389 sha: doc_id: 310190 cord_uid: 405m9bco file: cache/cord-310165-xj025ruz.json key: cord-310165-xj025ruz authors: Jones, Rodney P title: Would the United States Have Had Too Few Beds for Universal Emergency Care in the Event of a More Widespread Covid-19 Epidemic? date: 2020-07-19 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145210 sha: doc_id: 310165 cord_uid: xj025ruz file: cache/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.json key: cord-310245-r1fd2kqh authors: Lin, Chung-Ying; Broström, Anders; Griffiths, Mark D.; Pakpour, Amir H. title: Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia date: 2020-08-27 journal: Internet Interv DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345 sha: doc_id: 310245 cord_uid: r1fd2kqh file: cache/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.json key: cord-310159-l9hfmmbc authors: Chowdhury, Subhankar; Goswami, Soumik title: COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: dealing with the difficult duo date: 2020-07-14 journal: Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00846-z sha: doc_id: 310159 cord_uid: l9hfmmbc file: cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.json key: cord-310288-onr700ue authors: Sciubba, Daniel M.; Ehresman, Jeff; Pennington, Zach; Lubelski, Daniel; Feghali, James; Bydon, Ali; Chou, Dean; Elder, Benjamin D.; Elsamadicy, Aladine A.; Goodwin, C. Rory; Goodwin, Matthew L.; Harrop, James; Klineberg, Eric O.; Laufer, Ilya; Lo, Sheng-Fu L.; Neuman, Brian J.; Passias, Peter G.; Protopsaltis, Themistocles; Shin, John H.; Theodore, Nicholas; Witham, Timothy F.; Benzel, Edward C. title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-05-29 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.233 sha: doc_id: 310288 cord_uid: onr700ue file: cache/cord-310115-uooszsta.json key: cord-310115-uooszsta authors: White, Ross G.; Van Der Boor, Catharina title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial period of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adults in the UK date: 2020-08-17 journal: BJPsych Open DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.79 sha: doc_id: 310115 cord_uid: uooszsta file: cache/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.json key: cord-310254-ko1sptzm authors: Attri, Bhawna; Goyal, Alpesh; Gupta, Yashdeep; Tandon, Nikhil title: Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach date: 2020-07-18 journal: Diabetes Ther DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00873-3 sha: doc_id: 310254 cord_uid: ko1sptzm file: cache/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.json key: cord-310315-w4rgjsbl authors: Belhadi, Amine; Kamble, Sachin S.; Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman; Touriki, Fatima Ezahra; Kumar M., Dileep title: Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies date: 2020-10-23 journal: Environ Manage DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01375-5 sha: doc_id: 310315 cord_uid: w4rgjsbl file: cache/cord-310228-bqpvykce.json key: cord-310228-bqpvykce authors: Borkowski, A. A.; Viswanadham, N. A.; Thomas, L. B.; Guzman, R. D.; Deland, L. A.; Mastorides, S. M. title: Using Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Chest X-ray Diagnosis date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20106518 sha: doc_id: 310228 cord_uid: bqpvykce file: cache/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.json key: cord-310293-0s7l0l4k authors: Salman, Saima; Saleem, Syed Ghazanfar; Khatri, Adeel; Jamal, Imran; Maroof, Quratulain; Alam, Ashar title: Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2803 sha: doc_id: 310293 cord_uid: 0s7l0l4k file: cache/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.json key: cord-310304-f28tjmi8 authors: Alcendor, Donald J. title: Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US date: 2020-07-30 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082442 sha: doc_id: 310304 cord_uid: f28tjmi8 file: cache/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.json key: cord-310465-2ahfxd9c authors: Martinez, David; Sarria, Gustavo J.; Wakefield, Daniel; Flores, Claudio; Malhotra, Sameeksha; Li, Benjamin; Ehmann, Michael; Schwartz, David L.; Sarria, Gustavo R. title: COVID’s Impact on Radiation Oncology: A Latin American Survey Study date: 2020-10-01 journal: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.058 sha: doc_id: 310465 cord_uid: 2ahfxd9c file: cache/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.json key: cord-310390-7pkbd3kg authors: Han, Xiaoyu; Cao, Yukun; Jiang, Nanchuan; Chen, Yan; Alwalid, Osamah; Zhang, Xin; Gu, Jin; Dai, Meng; Liu, Jie; Zhu, Wanyue; Zheng, Chuansheng; Shi, Heshui title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery date: 2020-03-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa271 sha: doc_id: 310390 cord_uid: 7pkbd3kg file: cache/cord-310455-asu17dea.json key: cord-310455-asu17dea authors: Binkin, Nancy; Salmaso, Stefania; Michieletto, Federica; Russo, Francesca title: Protecting our health care workers while protecting our communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of approaches and early outcomes in two Italian regions, Italy, 2020 date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060707 sha: doc_id: 310455 cord_uid: asu17dea file: cache/cord-310534-ng6321hh.json key: cord-310534-ng6321hh authors: Kaushik, Ashlesha; Gupta, Sandeep; Sood, Mangla title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management- Correspondence date: 2020-07-08 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03374-0 sha: doc_id: 310534 cord_uid: ng6321hh file: cache/cord-310594-i0586vfw.json key: cord-310594-i0586vfw authors: Weemaes, Matthias; Martens, Steven; Cuypers, Lize; Van Elslande, Jan; Hoet, Katrien; Welkenhuysen, Joris; Goossens, Ria; Wouters, Stijn; Houben, Els; Jeuris, Kirsten; Laenen, Lies; Bruyninckx, Katrien; Beuselinck, Kurt; André, Emmanuel; Depypere, Melissa; Desmet, Stefanie; Lagrou, Katrien; Van Ranst, Marc; Verdonck, Ann K L C; Goveia, Jermaine title: Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa081 sha: doc_id: 310594 cord_uid: i0586vfw file: cache/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.json key: cord-310540-pnb8sr58 authors: Novotny, J. S.; Gonzalez Rivas, J. P.; Kunzova, S.; Skladana, M.; Pospisilova, A.; Polcrova, A.; Medina Inojosa, J. R.; Lopez-Jimenez, F.; Geda, Y. E.; Stokin, G. B. title: Association between stress and depressive symptoms and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163113 sha: doc_id: 310540 cord_uid: pnb8sr58 file: cache/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.json key: cord-310650-8lhkiw9p authors: Gamble, Anissa; Pham, Quynh; Goyal, Shivani; Cafazzo, Joseph A title: The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health date: 2020-05-15 journal: JMIR Diabetes DOI: 10.2196/19581 sha: doc_id: 310650 cord_uid: 8lhkiw9p file: cache/cord-310348-8iix257c.json key: cord-310348-8iix257c authors: Han, Jason J.; Luc, Jessica title: Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees’ Perspective date: 2020-06-05 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.080 sha: doc_id: 310348 cord_uid: 8iix257c file: cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.json key: cord-310555-nhnhst3f authors: Morgan, Randall C.; Reid, Tiffany N. title: On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date: 2020-07-22 journal: J Natl Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 310555 cord_uid: nhnhst3f file: cache/cord-310507-5h6egve4.json key: cord-310507-5h6egve4 authors: van Doorn, Amarylle S.; Meijer, Berrie; Frampton, Chris M. A.; Barclay, Murray L.; de Boer, Nanne K. H. title: Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission date: 2020-08-27 journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1111/apt.16036 sha: doc_id: 310507 cord_uid: 5h6egve4 file: cache/cord-310401-39jjedq0.json key: cord-310401-39jjedq0 authors: Antwi-Amoabeng, D.; Beutler, B. D.; Awad, M.; Kanji, Z.; Mahboob, S.; Ghuman, J.; Boppana, S. H.; Sheikh, M. S.; Ulanja, M. B.; Gullapalli, N. title: Sociodemographic predictors of outcomes in COVID-19: examining the impact of ethnic disparities in Northern Nevada date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112094 sha: doc_id: 310401 cord_uid: 39jjedq0 file: cache/cord-310339-1e16yncy.json key: cord-310339-1e16yncy authors: Maxam, Meshell; DeRonde, Kailynn J.; Vega, Ana D.; Skiada, Dimitra; Vu, Christine A.; Salazar, Veronica; Boatwright, Renata; Cano-Casillas, Ennie; Goodnow, Venessa; Sposato, Kathleen A.; Paige, Peter G.; Zambrana, David; Steigman, Don S.; Memon, Abdul M.; Abbo, Lilian M. title: Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center date: 2020-05-22 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.166 sha: doc_id: 310339 cord_uid: 1e16yncy file: cache/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.json key: cord-310661-hrvuhkq9 authors: Patell, Rushad; Bogue, Thomas; Bindal, Poorva; Koshy, Anita; Merrill, Mwanasha; Aird, William C; Bauer, Kenneth A; Zwicker, Jeffrey I title: Incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.15018 sha: doc_id: 310661 cord_uid: hrvuhkq9 file: cache/cord-310561-67kp743f.json key: cord-310561-67kp743f authors: Shah, Akshay; Frost, Joe N.; Aaron, Louise; Donovan, Killian; Drakesmith, Hal title: Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03051-w sha: doc_id: 310561 cord_uid: 67kp743f file: cache/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.json key: cord-310457-l3d1dc93 authors: Robinson, A. J.; London, W.; Kotan, L.; Downing, W. title: A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 sha: doc_id: 310457 cord_uid: l3d1dc93 file: cache/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.json key: cord-310636-y7n22ykt authors: Garcia-Beltran, W. F.; Lam, E. C.; Astudillo, M. G.; Yang, D.; Miller, T. E.; Feldman, J.; Hauser, B. M.; Caradonna, T. M.; Clayton, K. L.; Nitido, A. D.; Murali, M. R.; Alter, G.; Charles, R. C.; Dighe, A.; Branda, J. A.; Lennerz, J. K.; Lingwood, D.; Schmidt, A. G.; Iafrate, A. J.; Balazs, A. B. title: COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival date: 2020-10-20 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20213512 sha: doc_id: 310636 cord_uid: y7n22ykt file: cache/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.json key: cord-310738-fnsf2qqm authors: Yalcin Bahat, Pinar; Aldikactioglu Talmac, Merve; Bestel, Ayşegul; Topbas Selcuki, Nura F; Aydın, Zelal; Polat, İbrahim title: Micronutrients in COVID-19 Positive Pregnancies date: 2020-09-23 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10609 sha: doc_id: 310738 cord_uid: fnsf2qqm file: cache/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.json key: cord-310539-8zk3hkgj authors: Barengolts, Elena title: PERSEVERE OR PERIL: DIABETES CARE IN TIMES OF COVID-19 date: 2020-08-08 journal: Endocr Pract DOI: 10.4158/ep-2020-0227 sha: doc_id: 310539 cord_uid: 8zk3hkgj file: cache/cord-310697-zszexapf.json key: cord-310697-zszexapf authors: Morlacco, Alessandro; Motterle, Giovanni; Zattoni, Filiberto title: The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology date: 2020-05-06 journal: Nat Rev Urol DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0331-y sha: doc_id: 310697 cord_uid: zszexapf file: cache/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.json key: cord-310623-zbjgr9jk authors: Ellington, Sascha; Strid, Penelope; Tong, Van T.; Woodworth, Kate; Galang, Romeo R.; Zambrano, Laura D.; Nahabedian, John; Anderson, Kayla; Gilboa, Suzanne M. title: Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 date: 2020-06-26 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6925a1 sha: doc_id: 310623 cord_uid: zbjgr9jk file: cache/cord-310605-r63sg73c.json key: cord-310605-r63sg73c authors: Dorward, D. A.; Russell, C. D.; Um, I. H.; Elshani, M.; Armstrong, S. D.; Penrice-Randal, R.; Millar, T.; Lerpiniere, C. E.; Tagliavini, G.; Hartley, C. S.; Randall, N. P.; Gachanja, N. N.; Potey, P. M.; Anderson, A. M.; Campbell, V. L.; Duguid, A. J.; Al Qsous, W.; BouHaidar, R.; Baillie, J. K.; Dhaliwal, K.; Wallace, W. A.; Bellamy, C. O.; Prost, S.; Smith, C.; Hiscox, J. A.; Harrison, D. J.; Lucas, C. D.; ICECAP, title: Tissue-specific tolerance in fatal Covid-19 date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20145003 sha: doc_id: 310605 cord_uid: r63sg73c file: cache/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.json key: cord-310762-3clh1zv6 authors: Azanza Ricardo, C. L.; Hernandez Vargas, E. A. title: The Risk of Lifting COVID-19 Confinement in Mexico date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115063 sha: doc_id: 310762 cord_uid: 3clh1zv6 file: cache/cord-310779-4puiao40.json key: cord-310779-4puiao40 authors: Mehta, Pooja; Stahl, Marisa G.; Germone, Monique M.; Nagle, Sadie; Guigli, Rebecca; Thomas, Jacob; Shull, Mary; Liu, Edwin title: Telehealth and Nutrition Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 journal: J Acad Nutr Diet DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 310779 cord_uid: 4puiao40 file: cache/cord-310405-7fah22nu.json key: cord-310405-7fah22nu authors: Mathur, Sachin; Jeremy Ng, Chung Fai; Koh, Fangju; Cai, Mingzhe; Palaniappan, Gautham; Linn, Yun Le; Lim, Huiling Linda; Lakshman, Ramu; Ling, Xiao Shuang; Chin, Sock Teng; Tan, Hiang Khoon title: Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being date: 2020-06-25 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.040 sha: doc_id: 310405 cord_uid: 7fah22nu file: cache/cord-310740-7dong29x.json key: cord-310740-7dong29x authors: Alkeridy, Walid A.; Almaghlouth, Ibrahim title: Reply to: Neurological, Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders During COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16670 sha: doc_id: 310740 cord_uid: 7dong29x file: cache/cord-310769-y6orh217.json key: cord-310769-y6orh217 authors: Zaman, A.; Zhang, B.; Hoque, E.; Silenzio, V.; Kautz, H. title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.22.20178640 sha: doc_id: 310769 cord_uid: y6orh217 file: cache/cord-310691-6danlh8h.json key: cord-310691-6danlh8h authors: Ma, Simin; Lai, Xiaoquan; Chen, Zhe; Tu, Shenghao; Qin, Kai title: Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-26 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.068 sha: doc_id: 310691 cord_uid: 6danlh8h file: cache/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.json key: cord-310753-sv88b0dt authors: Marks, M.; Millat, P.; Ouchi, D.; Roberts, C. h.; Alemany, A.; Corbacho-Monne, M.; Ubals, M.; Vall-Mayans, M.; Gonzalez Beiras, C.; Prat, N.; Ara, J.; Clotet, B.; Mitja, O. title: Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220277 sha: doc_id: 310753 cord_uid: sv88b0dt file: cache/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.json key: cord-310862-53g4hjtp authors: DeFilippis, Ersilia M.; Farr, Maryjane A.; Givertz, Michael M. title: Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047096 sha: doc_id: 310862 cord_uid: 53g4hjtp file: cache/cord-310857-i9v9antx.json key: cord-310857-i9v9antx authors: Blaisdell, Laura L.; Cohn, Wendy; Pavell, Jeff R.; Rubin, Dana S.; Vergales, Jeffrey E. title: Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission — Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June–August 2020 date: 2020-09-04 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935e1 sha: doc_id: 310857 cord_uid: i9v9antx file: cache/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.json key: cord-310868-rqmny4r2 authors: Tesfaye, Wubshet; Abrha, Solomon; Sinnollareddy, Mahipal; Arnold, Bruce; Brown, Andrew; Matthew, Cynthia; Oguoma, Victor M.; Peterson, Gregory M.; Thomas, Jackson title: How Do We Combat Bogus Medicines in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-08-18 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0903 sha: doc_id: 310868 cord_uid: rqmny4r2 file: cache/cord-310891-yfouizjb.json key: cord-310891-yfouizjb authors: Korada, Sai Krishna C.; Mann, James A.; Hasan, Ayesha K.; Baliga, Ragavendra R.; Mokadam, Nahush A.; Benza, Raymond L.; Vallakati, Ajay title: Management of COVID-19 in a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipient: A Continuity of Care Perspective date: 2020-08-20 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 310891 cord_uid: yfouizjb file: cache/cord-310902-cfci8lef.json key: cord-310902-cfci8lef authors: Freites Nuñez, Dalifer D; Leon, Leticia; Mucientes, Arkaitz; Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Luis; Font Urgelles, Judit; Madrid García, Alfredo; Colomer, Jose I; Jover, Juan A; Fernandez-Gutierrez, Benjamín; Abasolo, Lydia title: Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases date: 2020-08-07 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217984 sha: doc_id: 310902 cord_uid: cfci8lef file: cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.json key: cord-310944-tfn0ltrz authors: Peck, Jessica L. title: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Pediatr Health Care DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 310944 cord_uid: tfn0ltrz file: cache/cord-310809-z0isuuui.json key: cord-310809-z0isuuui authors: Simpson, Alexander I. F.; Chatterjee, Sumeeta; Darby, Padraig; Jones, Roland M.; Maheandiran, Margaret; Penney, Stephanie R.; Saccoccio, Tania; Stergiopoulos, Vicky; Wilkie, Treena title: Management of COVID-19 Response in a Secure Forensic Mental Health Setting date: 2020-06-23 journal: Can J Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/0706743720935648 sha: doc_id: 310809 cord_uid: z0isuuui file: cache/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.json key: cord-310961-e1mb7uuh authors: Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea; Parise, Alberto; Prati, Beatrice; Esposito, Marcello; Cocchi, Valentina; Crisafulli, Emanuele; Volpi, Annalisa; Rossi, Sandra; Bignami, Elena Giovanna; Baciarello, Marco; Brianti, Ettore; Fabi, Massimo; Meschi, Tiziana title: Point-of-care chest ultrasonography as a diagnostic resource for COVID-19 outbreak in nursing homes date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.050 sha: doc_id: 310961 cord_uid: e1mb7uuh file: cache/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.json key: cord-310998-zchtu6cm authors: Kalash, Danny A. title: How COVID-19 Deepens Child Oral Health Inequities date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Am Dent Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.05.015 sha: doc_id: 310998 cord_uid: zchtu6cm file: cache/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.json key: cord-310776-4iqu18gi authors: Supady, Alexander; Duerschmied, Daniel; Bode, Christoph; Rieder, Marina; Lother, Achim title: Extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as an alternative to pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03238-1 sha: doc_id: 310776 cord_uid: 4iqu18gi file: cache/cord-310997-ulgemn42.json key: cord-310997-ulgemn42 authors: Swai, Joel title: Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-11 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03239-0 sha: doc_id: 310997 cord_uid: ulgemn42 file: cache/cord-310803-iig414jg.json key: cord-310803-iig414jg authors: Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin; Khoshhal, Hooman; Tafazoli, Alireza; Khandan, Mohanna; Bagheri, Abouzar title: Applying Computer Simulations in Battling with COVID-19, using pre-analyzed molecular and chemical data to face the pandemic date: 2020-10-17 journal: Inform Med Unlocked DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100458 sha: doc_id: 310803 cord_uid: iig414jg file: cache/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.json key: cord-310996-ihs9xbv8 authors: Stang, Andreas; Standl, Fabian; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz title: Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences date: 2020-04-24 journal: Herz DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04932-0 sha: doc_id: 310996 cord_uid: ihs9xbv8 file: cache/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.json key: cord-310895-zkzew0kb authors: Periyakaruppan, Muthiah; Kumar, Sandip; Kandasamy, Sasidaran; Sangaralingam, Thangavelu; Srinivasan, Sundaram; Thiagarajan, Anand; Ganapathy, Nandhini title: COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as ‘Acute Abdomen’ in a Child date: 2020-09-23 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03508-4 sha: doc_id: 310895 cord_uid: zkzew0kb file: cache/cord-310974-hz37yf39.json key: cord-310974-hz37yf39 authors: Crolley, Valerie E.; Hanna, Daire; Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie; Chopra, Neha; Bamac, Ekin; Desai, Meera; Lam, Yuk-Chun; Dipro, Sabiq; Kanani, Ruhi; Benson, Jack; Wilson, William; Fox, Thomas A.; Shiu, Kai-Keen; Forster, Martin; Bridgewater, John; Hochhauser, Daniel; Khan, Khurum title: COVID-19 in cancer patients on systemic anti-cancer therapies: outcomes from the CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) cohort study date: 2020-10-23 journal: Ther Adv Med Oncol DOI: 10.1177/1758835920971147 sha: doc_id: 310974 cord_uid: hz37yf39 file: cache/cord-310901-oooat8xj.json key: cord-310901-oooat8xj authors: Arca, Karissa N.; Smith, Jonathan H.; Chiang, Chia‐Chun; Starling, Amaal J.; Robertson, Carrie E.; Halker Singh, Rashmi B.; Schwedt, Todd J.; Kissoon, Narayan R.; Garza, Ivan; Rozen, Todd D.; Boes, Christoper J.; Whealy, Mark A.; VanderPluym, Juliana H. title: COVID‐19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use date: 2020-07-10 journal: Headache DOI: 10.1111/head.13903 sha: doc_id: 310901 cord_uid: oooat8xj file: cache/cord-311029-x0lk4110.json key: cord-311029-x0lk4110 authors: Palermo, Sara title: Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.558835 sha: doc_id: 311029 cord_uid: x0lk4110 file: cache/cord-311043-nidu7om2.json key: cord-311043-nidu7om2 authors: Erdinc, Burak; Raina, Jilmil S title: Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleed Coincided With Massive Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9772 sha: doc_id: 311043 cord_uid: nidu7om2 file: cache/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.json key: cord-311085-jmuyi53x authors: Saqlain, Muhammad; Munir, Muhammad Muddasir; Ahmed, Ali; Tahir, Azhar Hussain; Kamran, Sohail title: Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date: 2020-03-20 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00721-1 sha: doc_id: 311085 cord_uid: jmuyi53x file: cache/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.json key: cord-311081-fsnthvrq authors: García, Laura Fernández; Gutiérrez, Ana Belén Puentes; Bascones, María García title: RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 311081 cord_uid: fsnthvrq file: cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.json key: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc authors: Alviset, Sophie; Riller, Quentin; Aboab, Jérôme; Dilworth, Kelly; Billy, Pierre-Antoine; Lombardi, Yannis; Azzi, Mathilde; Ferreira Vargas, Luis; Laine, Laurent; Lermuzeaux, Mathilde; Mémain, Nathalie; Silva, Daniel; Tchoubou, Tona; Ushmorova, Daria; Dabbagh, Hanane; Escoda, Simon; Lefrançois, Rémi; Nardi, Annelyse; Ngima, Armand; Ioos, Vincent title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240645 sha: doc_id: 311074 cord_uid: j3fw4dfc file: cache/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.json key: cord-311086-i4e0rdxp authors: Adekola, Hafeez Aderinsayo; Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade; Egberongbe, Haneefat Olabimpe; Onitilo, Sefiu Adekunle; Abdullahi, Idris Nasir title: Mathematical modeling for infectious viral disease: The COVID‐19 perspective date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2306 sha: doc_id: 311086 cord_uid: i4e0rdxp file: cache/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.json key: cord-311107-jvoyhv7y authors: Genovese, Giovanni; Colonna, Cristiana; Marzano, Angelo V. title: Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? date: 2020-05-19 journal: Pediatr Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/pde.14201 sha: doc_id: 311107 cord_uid: jvoyhv7y file: cache/cord-311030-k42iqh40.json key: cord-311030-k42iqh40 authors: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte L; Shi, Yan; Rich, Barrie S; Glick, Richard; Soffer, Sam; Lipskar, Aaron M; Dolgin, Stephen; Bagrodia, Naina; Hong, Andrew; Prince, Jose M; James, Douglas; Sathya, Chethan title: Limiting operations for acute appendicitis in children: lessons learned from the U.S. epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-06-23 journal: J Pediatr Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.024 sha: doc_id: 311030 cord_uid: k42iqh40 file: cache/cord-311054-dwns5l64.json key: cord-311054-dwns5l64 authors: Rafiq, Danish; Suhail, Suhail Ahmad; Bazaz, Mohammad Abid title: Evaluation and prediction of COVID-19 in India: a case study of worst hit states date: 2020-06-19 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110014 sha: doc_id: 311054 cord_uid: dwns5l64 file: cache/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.json key: cord-311284-5nxh7ybe authors: Kumar, U.; Goswami, R. P.; Bhadu, D.; Kanjilal, M.; Nagar, S.; Vij, P.; Mittal, D.; Meena, L.; Roy, D. title: COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases: A random cross-sectional telephonic survey date: 2020-08-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.09.20170985 sha: doc_id: 311284 cord_uid: 5nxh7ybe file: cache/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.json key: cord-311082-sspcz9t6 authors: Chen, Shi; Robinson, Patrick; Janies, Daniel; Dulin, Michael title: Four Challenges Associated With Current Mathematical Modeling Paradigm of Infectious Diseases and Call for a Shift date: 2020-08-07 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa333 sha: doc_id: 311082 cord_uid: sspcz9t6 file: cache/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.json key: cord-310999-6xef9z2w authors: Chen, Yiting; Zhao, Anda; Xia, Yuanqing; Lyu, Jiajun; Ye, Xiuxia; Liu, Ningning; Li, Shenghui title: In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do date: 2020-06-10 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 310999 cord_uid: 6xef9z2w file: cache/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.json key: cord-311201-y0lk9zet authors: Serrano, Francisco; Kazda, Antonín title: The future of airport post COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 journal: J Air Transp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101900 sha: doc_id: 311201 cord_uid: y0lk9zet file: cache/cord-311195-oee19duz.json key: cord-311195-oee19duz authors: Gostic, Katelyn; Gomez, Ana CR; Mummah, Riley O; Kucharski, Adam J; Lloyd-Smith, James O title: Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-02-24 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.55570 sha: doc_id: 311195 cord_uid: oee19duz file: cache/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.json key: cord-311129-5p9mf37g authors: Yang, Dong; Xiao, Yushuo; Chen, Jian; Chen, Yuchen; Luo, Pengcheng; Liu, Qiaomei; Yang, Chen; Xiong, Mingrui; Zhang, Yu; Liu, Xinran; Chen, Hong; Deng, Aiping; Huang, Kun; Cheng, Biao; Peng, Anlin title: COVID-19 & Chronic Renal Disease: Clinical characteristics & prognosis date: 2020-08-25 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa258 sha: doc_id: 311129 cord_uid: 5p9mf37g file: cache/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.json key: cord-311026-mpr3xb2a authors: Petersen, Eskild; Wasserman, Sean; Lee, Shui-Shan; GO, Unyeong; Holmes, Allison H.; Abri, Seif Al; McLellan, Susan; Blumberg, Lucille; Tambyah, Paul title: COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date: 2020-04-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.035 sha: doc_id: 311026 cord_uid: mpr3xb2a file: cache/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.json key: cord-311044-kjx0z1hc authors: Rubio-Pérez, Inés; Badía, Josep M.; Mora-Rillo, Marta; Quirós, Alejandro Martín; Rodríguez, Julio García; Balibrea, Jose M. title: COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon date: 2020-05-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 311044 cord_uid: kjx0z1hc file: cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.json key: cord-311401-7ugqjg5c authors: Alser, O.; Alghoul, H.; Alkhateeb, Z.; Hamdan, A.; Albaraqouni, L.; Saini, K. title: Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096099 sha: doc_id: 311401 cord_uid: 7ugqjg5c file: cache/cord-311448-t17g47dj.json key: cord-311448-t17g47dj authors: Brian, Zachary; Weintraub, Jane A. title: Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access date: 2020-08-13 journal: Prev Chronic Dis DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.200266 sha: doc_id: 311448 cord_uid: t17g47dj file: cache/cord-311342-523zrpbl.json key: cord-311342-523zrpbl authors: Shipe, Maren E.; Haddad, Diane N.; Deppen, Stephen A.; Kozower, Benjamin D.; Grogan, Eric L. title: Modeling the Impact of Delaying the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.025 sha: doc_id: 311342 cord_uid: 523zrpbl file: cache/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.json key: cord-311171-5n1aqrpa authors: Ovejero, Santiago; Baca-García, Enrique; Barrigón, María Luisa title: Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic date: 2020-05-08 journal: Schizophr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 311171 cord_uid: 5n1aqrpa file: cache/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.json key: cord-311215-x3b7ewo2 authors: Chao, Tiffany N.; Braslow, Benjamin M.; Martin, Niels D.; Chalian, Ara A.; Atkins, J.; Haas, Andrew R.; Rassekh, Christopher H. title: Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003956 sha: doc_id: 311215 cord_uid: x3b7ewo2 file: cache/cord-311505-akcc9oms.json key: cord-311505-akcc9oms authors: Geisen, Will R.; Berger, Justin; Schwartz, Chelsea; Reddy, Abhimanyu; Rai, Balaj; Peck, Joshua; Wadih, George title: Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis secondary to experimental COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-09-22 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00962 sha: doc_id: 311505 cord_uid: akcc9oms file: cache/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.json key: cord-311413-uiwjrvru authors: Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina; Kapata, Nathan; Zumla, Alimuddin title: COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries date: 2020-04-27 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.007 sha: doc_id: 311413 cord_uid: uiwjrvru file: cache/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.json key: cord-311125-v9ddes3c authors: Cooper, Keiland W.; Brann, David H.; Farruggia, Michael C.; Bhutani, Surabhi; Pellegrino, Robert; Tsukahara, Tatsuya; Weinreb, Caleb; Joseph, Paule V.; Larson, Eric D.; Parma, Valentina; Albers, Mark W.; Barlow, Linda A.; Datta, Sandeep Robert; Di Pizio, Antonella title: COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage date: 2020-07-01 journal: Neuron DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.032 sha: doc_id: 311125 cord_uid: v9ddes3c file: cache/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.json key: cord-311376-mah8j8bj authors: Liang, Xiaopeng title: Is COVID-19 more severe in older men? date: 2020-05-13 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137867 sha: doc_id: 311376 cord_uid: mah8j8bj file: cache/cord-311495-svgw59ic.json key: cord-311495-svgw59ic authors: Ayati, Nayyereh; Saiyarsarai, Parisa; Nikfar, Shekoufeh title: Short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector date: 2020-07-03 journal: Daru DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00358-5 sha: doc_id: 311495 cord_uid: svgw59ic file: cache/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.json key: cord-311353-ozqfsuh8 authors: Sun, Chun-Yang; Sun, Ya-Lei; Li, Xin-Min title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-08 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.069 sha: doc_id: 311353 cord_uid: ozqfsuh8 file: cache/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.json key: cord-311341-7ox30d2u authors: Goenka, Anuj; Ma, Daniel; Teckie, Sewit; Alfano, Catherine; Bloom, Beatrice; Hwang, Jamie; Potters, Louis title: Implementation of Telehealth in Radiation Oncology: Rapid Integration During COVID-19 and its Future Role in our Practice date: 2020-10-09 journal: Adv Radiat Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.09.015 sha: doc_id: 311341 cord_uid: 7ox30d2u file: cache/cord-311207-qkkn0297.json key: cord-311207-qkkn0297 authors: Pegoraro, Manuela; Militello, Valentina; Salvagno, Gian Luca; Gaino, Stefania; Bassi, Antonella; Caloi, Cecilia; Peretti, Angelo; Bizzego, Silvia; Poletto, Laura; Bovo, Chiara; Lippi, Giuseppe; Lo Cascio, Giuliana title: Evaluation of three immunochromatographic tests in COVID-19 serologic diagnosis and their clinical usefulness date: 2020-10-20 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04040-1 sha: doc_id: 311207 cord_uid: qkkn0297 file: cache/cord-311327-50s8sja3.json key: cord-311327-50s8sja3 authors: Toh, Vi Vien; Antrum, John Henry George; Sloan, Brendan; Austin, Orla; Muthayya, Preetha title: Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date: 2020-07-03 journal: Burns DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 311327 cord_uid: 50s8sja3 file: cache/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.json key: cord-311477-gm0vg53l authors: Doboszewska, Urszula; Wlaź, Piotr; Nowak, Gabriel; Młyniec, Katarzyna title: Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15199 sha: doc_id: 311477 cord_uid: gm0vg53l file: cache/cord-311453-l6quzef6.json key: cord-311453-l6quzef6 authors: Klopfenstein, Timothée; Zayet, Souheil; Lohse, Anne; Selles, Phillippe; Zahra, Hajer; Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette; Toko, Lynda; Royer, Pierre-Yves; Balblanc, Jean-Charles; Gendrin, Vincent; Conrozier, Thierry title: Impact of Tocilizumab on mortality and/or invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in a cohort of 206 COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-13 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.024 sha: doc_id: 311453 cord_uid: l6quzef6 file: cache/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.json key: cord-311155-8cvj4wdp authors: Maideen, Naina Mohamed Pakkir title: Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) – Potential herb for COVID-19? date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Pharmacopuncture DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2020.23.010 sha: doc_id: 311155 cord_uid: 8cvj4wdp file: cache/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.json key: cord-311316-j79nmq0j authors: Tony, Abeer Abdelhady; Tony, Effat Abdelhady; Ali, Shazly B.; Ezzeldin, Azza M.; Mahmoud, Amal A. title: COVID-19-associated sleep disorders: A case report date: 2020-09-12 journal: Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100057 sha: doc_id: 311316 cord_uid: j79nmq0j file: cache/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.json key: cord-311559-vkb7a4cm authors: Kanwugu, Osman N.; Adadi, Parise title: HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26321 sha: doc_id: 311559 cord_uid: vkb7a4cm file: cache/cord-311545-3rll9mca.json key: cord-311545-3rll9mca authors: Bentley, Gillian R title: Don't blame the BAME: Ethnic and structural inequalities in susceptibilities to COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: Am J Hum Biol DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23478 sha: doc_id: 311545 cord_uid: 3rll9mca file: cache/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.json key: cord-311580-dzlh5obt authors: Snapiri, Ori; Rosenberg Danziger, Chen; Krause, Irit; Kravarusic, Dragan; Yulevich, Alon; Balla, Uri; Bilavsky, Efraim title: Delayed diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-08 journal: Acta Paediatr DOI: 10.1111/apa.15376 sha: doc_id: 311580 cord_uid: dzlh5obt file: cache/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.json key: cord-311222-vw4b9xmg authors: Haydar, Ali; Lo, Kevin Bryan; Goyal, Abhinav; Gul, Fahad; Peterson, Eric; Bhargav, Ruchika; DeJoy, Robert; Salacup, Grace; Pelayo, Jerald; Albano, Jeri; Azmaiparashvili, Zurab; Ansari, Huma; Aponte, Gabriel Patarroyo title: Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.022 sha: doc_id: 311222 cord_uid: vw4b9xmg file: cache/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.json key: cord-311535-ppkwd1kp authors: Korakas, Emmanouil; Ikonomidis, Ignatios; Kousathana, Foteini; Balampanis, Konstantinos; Kountouri, Aikaterini; Raptis, Athanasios; Palaiodimou, Lina; Kokkinos, Alexander; Lambadiari, Vaia title: Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes date: 2020-07-01 journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2020 sha: doc_id: 311535 cord_uid: ppkwd1kp file: cache/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.json key: cord-311588-ocz2rzy7 authors: Gilligan, Jeffrey; Gologorsky, Yakov title: Collateral Damage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-14 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.091 sha: doc_id: 311588 cord_uid: ocz2rzy7 file: cache/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.json key: cord-311620-zs2mpeke authors: Handa, Rahul; Nanda, Satyan; Prasad, Atul; Anand, Rajiv; Zutshi, Dhruv; Dass, Sujata K.; Bedi, Prabhjeet Kaur; Pahuja, Aarti; Shah, Pankaj Kumar; Sharma, Bipan title: Covid-19-associated acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalomyelitis date: 2020-09-02 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04703-z sha: doc_id: 311620 cord_uid: zs2mpeke file: cache/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.json key: cord-311431-5pi3bzli authors: Korobelnik, Jean-François title: Response to letter: COVID-19 and macular edema—a necessary blindness? date: 2020-07-18 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04839-w sha: doc_id: 311431 cord_uid: 5pi3bzli file: cache/cord-311523-erntrh3p.json key: cord-311523-erntrh3p authors: Gisondi, P; Piaserico, S; Conti, A; Naldi, L title: Dermatologists and SARS‐CoV‐2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16515 sha: doc_id: 311523 cord_uid: erntrh3p file: cache/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.json key: cord-311635-hf6vrbyx authors: Reuken, Philipp Alexander; Rauchfuss, Falk; Albers, Stefanie; Settmacher, Utz; Trautwein, Christian; Bruns, Tony; Stallmach, Andreas title: Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16118 sha: doc_id: 311635 cord_uid: hf6vrbyx file: cache/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.json key: cord-311544-7ihtyiox authors: Sun, Tingzhe; Wang, Yan title: Modeling COVID-19 Epidemic in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-05-29 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109949 sha: doc_id: 311544 cord_uid: 7ihtyiox file: cache/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.json key: cord-311579-4jhoatkw authors: Bhatt, Harshil; Singh, Sandeep title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a case report and review of the literature date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02516-4 sha: doc_id: 311579 cord_uid: 4jhoatkw file: cache/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.json key: cord-311651-v2ff33jd authors: Long, Nathaniel; Wolpaw, Daniel R.; Boothe, David; Caldwell, Catherine; Dillon, Peter; Gottshall, Lauren; Koetter, Paige; Pooshpas, Pardis; Wolpaw, Terry; Gonzalo, Jed D. title: Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date: 2020-07-15 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 sha: doc_id: 311651 cord_uid: v2ff33jd file: cache/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.json key: cord-311636-8l7jlvvj authors: Oikonomou, Evangelos; Aznaouridis, Konstantinos; Barbetseas, John; Charalambous, Georgios; Gastouniotis, Ioannis; Fotopoulos, Vasileios; Gkini, Konstantia-Paraskevi; Katsivas, Apostolos; Koudounis, Georgios; Koudounis, Panagiotis; Koutouzis, Michael; Lamprinos, Dimitrios; Lazaris, Evangelos; Lazaris, Efstathios; Lazaros, George; Marinos, George; Platogiannis, Nikolaos; Platogiannis, Dimitrios; Siasos, Gerasimos; Terentes-Printzios, Dimitrios; Theodoropoulou, Alexandra; Theofilis, Panagiotis; Toutouzas, Konstantinos; Tsalamandris, Sotiris; Tsiafoutis, Ioannis; Vavouranakis, Manolis; Vogiatzi, Georgia; Zografos, Theodoros; Baka, Eleni; Tousoulis, Dimitris; Vlachopoulos, Charalambos title: Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece date: 2020-08-18 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 311636 cord_uid: 8l7jlvvj file: cache/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.json key: cord-311552-n16pdrc4 authors: Bäuerle, Alexander; Skoda, Eva-Maria; Dörrie, Nora; Böttcher, Juliane; Teufel, Martin title: Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa053 sha: doc_id: 311552 cord_uid: n16pdrc4 file: cache/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.json key: cord-311633-i9ret7bw authors: Péré, Hélène; Védie, Benoit; Vernet, Raphaël; Demory, Nathalie; Kassis, Najiby; Mirault, Tristan; Lazareth, Hélène; Volle, Geoffroy; Denoix, Elsa; Lebeaux, David; Podglajen, Isabelle; Bélec, Laurent; Veyer, David title: Unexpected diagnosis of COVID-19-associated disorders by SARS-CoV-2-specific serology date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104568 sha: doc_id: 311633 cord_uid: i9ret7bw file: cache/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.json key: cord-311819-iy8r1iml authors: Peretti-Watel, Patrick; Alleaume, Caroline; Léger, Damien; Beck, François; Verger, Pierre title: Anxiety, depression and sleep problems: a second wave of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 journal: Gen Psychiatr DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100299 sha: doc_id: 311819 cord_uid: iy8r1iml file: cache/cord-311682-npi03i7q.json key: cord-311682-npi03i7q authors: Malicki, J; Martenka, P; Dyzmann-Sroka, A; Paczkowska, K; Leporowska, E; Suchorska, W; Lamperska, K; Pieńkowski, P; Chicheł, A; Mocydlarz-Adamcewicz, M; Urbaniak, D; Bajon, T; Cybulski, Z; Bąk, B; Machtyl, A; Adamska, K; Kaźmierska, J; Milecki, P; Marszałek, A title: Impact of COVID-19 on the performance of a radiation oncology department at a major comprehensive cancer centre in Poland during the first ten weeks of the epidemic date: 2020-08-16 journal: Rep Pract Oncol Radiother DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 311682 cord_uid: npi03i7q file: cache/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.json key: cord-311694-2b2swi0l authors: Grima, Simon; Kizilkaya, Murat; Rupeika-Apoga, Ramona; Romānova, Inna; Dalli Gonzi, Rebecca; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo title: A Country Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement Model date: 2020-10-09 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s270553 sha: doc_id: 311694 cord_uid: 2b2swi0l file: cache/cord-311730-189vax2m.json key: cord-311730-189vax2m authors: Becker, Richard C. title: Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence date: 2020-04-27 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02120-9 sha: doc_id: 311730 cord_uid: 189vax2m file: cache/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.json key: cord-311816-j8c2lk7y authors: D’Elia, Emilia; Senni, Michele title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where are we and Where are we Going? Intersections Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Heart date: 2020-06-29 journal: Card Fail Rev DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2020.11 sha: doc_id: 311816 cord_uid: j8c2lk7y file: cache/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.json key: cord-311838-ymn96yj4 authors: LIU)刘茜玮(, Qianwei; ZHAO)赵国桢(, Guozhen; JI)嵇波(, Bo; LIU)刘翼天(, Yitian; ZHANG)张靖宇(, Jingyu; MOU)牟秋杰(, Qiujie; SHI)石天宇(, Tianyu title: Analysis of the Influence of the Psychology Changes of Fear Induced by the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Body date: 2020-07-15 journal: World J Acupunct Moxibustion DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.007 sha: doc_id: 311838 cord_uid: ymn96yj4 file: cache/cord-311669-112kxj5s.json key: cord-311669-112kxj5s authors: Imdad, Kashif; Sahana, Mehebub; Rana, Md Juel; Haque, Ismail; Patel, Priyank Pravin; Pramanik, Malay title: A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint in India date: 2020-11-08 journal: Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100390 sha: doc_id: 311669 cord_uid: 112kxj5s file: cache/cord-311871-13n4st4q.json key: cord-311871-13n4st4q authors: Blaivas, Michael title: Unexpected finding of myocardial depression in 2 healthy young patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia: possible support for COVID‐19‐related myocarditis date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12098 sha: doc_id: 311871 cord_uid: 13n4st4q file: cache/cord-311679-m6poosn3.json key: cord-311679-m6poosn3 authors: Santos, Glenn-Milo; Ackerman, Benjamin; Rao, Amrita; Wallach, Sara; Ayala, George; Lamontage, Erik; Garner, Alex; Holloway, Ian W.; Arreola, Sonya; Silenzio, Vince; Strömdahl, Susanne; Yu, Louis; Strong, Carol; Adamson, Tyler; Yakusik, Anna; Doan, Tran Thu; Huang, Poyao; Cerasuolo, Damiano; Bishop, Amie; Noori, Teymur; Pharris, Anastasia; Aung, Max; Dara, Masoud; Chung, Ssu Yu; Hanley, Marguerite; Baral, Stefan; Beyrer, Chris; Howell, Sean title: Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men date: 2020-07-11 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0 sha: doc_id: 311679 cord_uid: m6poosn3 file: cache/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.json key: cord-311673-z4hkw17g authors: Uzzan, Mathieu; Corcos, Olivier; Martin, Jerome; Treton, Xavier; Bouhnik, Yoram title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics - lung axis hypothesis date: 2020-06-23 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110023 sha: doc_id: 311673 cord_uid: z4hkw17g file: cache/cord-311758-wof4yi39.json key: cord-311758-wof4yi39 authors: Clauw, Daniel J.; Häuser, Winfried; Cohen, Steven P.; Fitzcharles, Mary-Ann title: Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 journal: Pain DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001950 sha: doc_id: 311758 cord_uid: wof4yi39 file: cache/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.json key: cord-311848-8n9ee57a authors: Giesen, Nicola; Sprute, Rosanne; Rüthrich, Maria; Khodamoradi, Yascha; Mellinghoff, Sibylle C.; Beutel, Gernot; Lueck, Catherina; Koldehoff, Michael; Hentrich, Marcus; Sandherr, Michael; Bergwelt-Baildon, Michael von; Wolf, Hans-Heinrich; Hirsch, Hans H.; Wörmann, Bernhard; Cornely, Oliver A.; Köhler, Philipp; Schalk, Enrico; Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie von title: Evidence-based Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients – Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) date: 2020-09-21 journal: Eur J Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 311848 cord_uid: 8n9ee57a file: cache/cord-311847-2czqs84q.json key: cord-311847-2czqs84q authors: Pennisi, Manuela; Lanza, Giuseppe; Falzone, Luca; Fisicaro, Francesco; Ferri, Raffaele; Bella, Rita title: SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms date: 2020-07-31 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155475 sha: doc_id: 311847 cord_uid: 2czqs84q file: cache/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.json key: cord-312002-4qhvljpv authors: Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin; Cardenas-Rojas, Alejandra; Giannoni-Luza, Stefano; Fregni, Felipe title: COVID-19 pandemic and Farr’s law: A global comparison and prediction of outbreak acceleration and deceleration rates date: 2020-09-17 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239175 sha: doc_id: 312002 cord_uid: 4qhvljpv file: cache/cord-311872-09jzyyin.json key: cord-311872-09jzyyin authors: Effenberger, Maria; Grander, Christoph; Grabherr, Felix; Griesmacher, Andrea; Ploner, Thomas; Hartig, Frank; Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa; Joannidis, Michael; Zoller, Heinz; Weiss, Günter; Adolph, Timon Erik; Tilg, Herbert title: Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 311872 cord_uid: 09jzyyin file: cache/cord-311752-stqrf50k.json key: cord-311752-stqrf50k authors: Akbariqomi, Mostafa; Sadat Hosseini, Mahboobeh; Rashidiani, Jamal; Sedighian, Hamid; Biganeh, Hossein; Heidari, Reza; Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Mehrdad; Farnoosh, Gholamreza; Kooshki, Hamid title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran date: 2020-09-24 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108467 sha: doc_id: 311752 cord_uid: stqrf50k file: cache/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.json key: cord-311889-fntwg3g8 authors: Alizadehsani, R.; Alizadeh sani, Z.; Behjati, M.; Roshanzamir, Z.; Hussain, S.; Abedini, N.; Hasanzadeh, F.; Khosravi, A.; Shoeibi, A.; Roshanzamir, M.; Moradnejad, P.; Nahavandi, S.; Khozeimeh, F.; Zare, A.; Panahiazar, M.; Acharya, U. R.; Shariful Islam, S. M. title: Risk Factors Prediction, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148569 sha: doc_id: 311889 cord_uid: fntwg3g8 file: cache/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.json key: cord-311926-n7co0jtu authors: Donà, Daniele; Giaquinto, Carlo; Baraldi, Eugenio; Biffi, Alessandra; Gamba, Piergiorgio; Saieva, Anna Maria; Antoniello, Luca; Costenaro, Paola; Masiero, Susanna; Sainati, Laura; Da Dalt, Liviana; Perilongo, Giorgio title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective of an Italian Tertiary Care Pediatric Center date: 2020-09-01 journal: Healthcare (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030311 sha: doc_id: 311926 cord_uid: n7co0jtu file: cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.json key: cord-312094-czuw4t7i authors: Radic, Aleksandar; Lück, Michael; Ariza-Montes, Antonio; Han, Heesup title: Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186741 sha: doc_id: 312094 cord_uid: czuw4t7i file: cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.json key: cord-311853-k6efd9vg authors: Lim, Rachel HF; Chow, Angela; Ho, Hanley J title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 311853 cord_uid: k6efd9vg file: cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.json key: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx authors: Pau, Alice K.; Aberg, Judith; Baker, Jason; Belperio, Pamela S.; Coopersmith, Craig; Crew, Page; Glidden, David V.; Grund, Birgit; Gulick, Roy M.; Harrison, Carly; Kim, Arthur; Lane, H. Clifford; Masur, Henry; Sheikh, Virginia; Singh, Kanal; Yazdany, Jinoos; Tebas, Pablo title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-6448 sha: doc_id: 312125 cord_uid: j9l6l3dx file: cache/cord-312137-u260m04t.json key: cord-312137-u260m04t authors: Morrison, Daniel R.; Gentile, Christopher; McCammon, Susan; Buczek, Erin title: Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center date: 2020-05-19 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26262 sha: doc_id: 312137 cord_uid: u260m04t file: cache/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.json key: cord-312183-zkoj5d8c authors: Frydman, Galit H.; Boyer, Edward W.; Nazarian, Rosalynn M.; Van Cott, Elizabeth M.; Piazza, Gregory title: Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620943671 sha: doc_id: 312183 cord_uid: zkoj5d8c file: cache/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.json key: cord-312029-xsojdbdk authors: Sham, Lauren; Ciccone, Ornella; Patel, Archana A title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia date: 2020-10-02 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020329 sha: doc_id: 312029 cord_uid: xsojdbdk file: cache/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.json key: cord-312038-g76cpjp7 authors: Brunaugh, Ashlee D.; Seo, Hyojong; Warnken, Zachary; Ding, Li; Seo, Sang Heui; Smyth, Hugh D.C. title: Broad-Spectrum, Patient-Adaptable Inhaled Niclosamide-Lysozyme Particles are Efficacious Against Coronaviruses in Lethal Murine Infection Models date: 2020-10-07 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.310490 sha: doc_id: 312038 cord_uid: g76cpjp7 file: cache/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.json key: cord-312192-hxhohtmj authors: Zhu, Lan; Gong, Nianqiao; Liu, Bin; Lu, Xia; Chen, Dong; Chen, Song; Shu, Hongge; Ma, Ke; Xu, Xizhen; Guo, Zhiliang; Lu, Enfeng; Chen, Dongrui; Ge, Qinggang; Cai, Junchao; Jiang, Jipin; Wei, Lai; Zhang, Weijie; Chen, Gang; Chen, Zhishui title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-18 journal: Eur Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.039 sha: doc_id: 312192 cord_uid: hxhohtmj file: cache/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.json key: cord-312057-4zfaqkxm authors: Leppla, Idris E.; Gross, Marielle S. title: Optimizing Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Addict Med DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000678 sha: doc_id: 312057 cord_uid: 4zfaqkxm file: cache/cord-312178-tojgojjf.json key: cord-312178-tojgojjf authors: Segars, James; Katler, Quinton; McQueen, Dana B.; Kotlyar, Alexander; Glenn, Tanya; Knight, Zac; Feinberg, Eve C.; Taylor, Hugh S.; Toner, James P.; Kawwass, Jennifer F. title: Prior and Novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19, and Human Reproduction: What Is Known? date: 2020-04-16 journal: Fertil Steril DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.025 sha: doc_id: 312178 cord_uid: tojgojjf file: cache/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.json key: cord-312194-1jiaghrb authors: Brondani, M.; Donnelly, L. title: The HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Parallel in Dentistry from the Perspectives of the Oral Health Care Team date: 2020-09-18 journal: JDR Clin Trans Res DOI: 10.1177/2380084420961089 sha: doc_id: 312194 cord_uid: 1jiaghrb file: cache/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.json key: cord-311970-o9xao5rl authors: Ayerbe, Luis; Risco, Carlos; Ayis, Salma title: The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-05-31 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02162-z sha: doc_id: 311970 cord_uid: o9xao5rl file: cache/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.json key: cord-312205-j8szwaqj authors: Giuntoli, Michele; Bonicoli, Enrico; Bugelli, Giulia; Valesini, Massimo; Manca, Mario; Scaglione, Michelangelo title: Lessons learnt from COVID 19: An Italian multicentric epidemiological study of orthopaedic and trauma services date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Clin Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 312205 cord_uid: j8szwaqj file: cache/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.json key: cord-312185-ojdrzskl authors: Zhao, Dahai; Lin, Haijiang; Zhang, Zhiruo title: Evidence-Based Framework and Implementation of China’s Strategy in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269573 sha: doc_id: 312185 cord_uid: ojdrzskl file: cache/cord-311749-yp313biv.json key: cord-311749-yp313biv authors: Chalmers, James D.; Chotirmall, Sanjay H. title: Rewiring the Immune Response in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2934ed sha: doc_id: 311749 cord_uid: yp313biv file: cache/cord-312036-5867bc6i.json key: cord-312036-5867bc6i authors: Decker, Annegrit; Welzel, Markus; Laubner, Katharina; Grundmann, Sebastian; Kochs, Georg; Panning, Marcus; Thimme, Robert; Bode, Christoph; Wagner, Dirk; Lother, Achim title: Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding and mild course of COVID‐19 in a patient after recent heart transplantation date: 2020-06-09 journal: Am J Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16133 sha: doc_id: 312036 cord_uid: 5867bc6i file: cache/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.json key: cord-311965-3x3tjzhi authors: Alexander, Jan; Tinkov, Alexey; Strand, Tor A.; Alehagen, Urban; Skalny, Anatoly; Aaseth, Jan title: Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12082358 sha: doc_id: 311965 cord_uid: 3x3tjzhi file: cache/cord-312251-t6omrr07.json key: cord-312251-t6omrr07 authors: Vancheri, Sergio Giuseppe; Savietto, Giovanni; Ballati, Francesco; Maggi, Alessia; Canino, Costanza; Bortolotto, Chandra; Valentini, Adele; Dore, Roberto; Stella, Giulia Maria; Corsico, Angelo Guido; Iotti, Giorgio Antonio; Mojoli, Francesco; Perlini, Stefano; Bruno, Raffaele; Preda, Lorenzo title: Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: time-dependence after the onset of symptoms date: 2020-05-30 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06967-7 sha: doc_id: 312251 cord_uid: t6omrr07 file: cache/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.json key: cord-312172-bkygtdeo authors: Malhotra, Atul; Hepokoski, Mark; McCowen, Karen C.; Y-J Shyy, John title: ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 journal: iScience DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101425 sha: doc_id: 312172 cord_uid: bkygtdeo file: cache/cord-311942-oju4gosw.json key: cord-311942-oju4gosw authors: Grewal, Parneet; Pinna, Pranusha; Hall, Julianne P.; Dafer, Rima M.; Tavarez, Tachira; Pellack, Danielle R.; Garg, Rajeev; Osteraas, Nicholas D.; Vargas, Alejandro; John, Sayona; Da Silva, Ivan; Conners, James J. title: Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: Experience From a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Midwest US date: 2020-08-20 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00910 sha: doc_id: 311942 cord_uid: oju4gosw file: cache/cord-312313-guphuppy.json key: cord-312313-guphuppy authors: Patel, Zara M; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan; Hwang, Peter H; Nayak, Jayakar V; Dodd, Robert; Sajjadi, Hamed; Jackler, Robert K title: Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-15 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa125 sha: doc_id: 312313 cord_uid: guphuppy file: cache/cord-312278-rin733w4.json key: cord-312278-rin733w4 authors: Wang, Yung‐Chih; Lee, Yi‐Tzu; Yang, Ting; Sun, Jun‐Ren; Shen, Ching‐Fen; Cheng, Chao‐Min title: Current diagnostic tools for coronaviruses–From laboratory diagnosis to POC diagnosis for COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Bioeng Transl Med DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10177 sha: doc_id: 312278 cord_uid: rin733w4 file: cache/cord-312340-hpuoren5.json key: cord-312340-hpuoren5 authors: Holstein, Sarah A.; Vose, Julie M. title: Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID‐19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button date: 2020-06-02 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1920 sha: doc_id: 312340 cord_uid: hpuoren5 file: cache/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.json key: cord-312366-8qg1fn8f authors: Adiga, Aniruddha; Dubhashi, Devdatt; Lewis, Bryan; Marathe, Madhav; Venkatramanan, Srinivasan; Vullikanti, Anil title: Mathematical Models for COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-30 journal: J Indian Inst Sci DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00200-6 sha: doc_id: 312366 cord_uid: 8qg1fn8f file: cache/cord-312360-ynemtqua.json key: cord-312360-ynemtqua authors: Zhao, Ruxing; 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Zabana, Yamile; Barreiro-de Acosta, Manuel; Martín-Arranz, María Dolores title: Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey date: 2020-06-04 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa142 sha: doc_id: 312374 cord_uid: gu9tq48n file: cache/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.json key: cord-312218-qtxh4ttp authors: Chakraborty, Jayajit title: Social Inequities in the Distribution of COVID-19: An Intra-Categorical Analysis of People with Disabilities in the U.S. date: 2020-09-18 journal: Disabil Health J DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101007 sha: doc_id: 312218 cord_uid: qtxh4ttp file: cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.json key: cord-312399-7oaerpee authors: Park, Joo-Hyun; Jang, Wook; Kim, Sang-Woo; Lee, Jeongjun; Lim, Yun-Sung; Cho, Chang-Gun; Park, Seok-Won; Kim, Bo Hae title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 journal: Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00570 sha: doc_id: 312399 cord_uid: 7oaerpee file: cache/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.json key: cord-312362-i18rlo2r authors: Yan, Linlin; Gan, Yiqun; Ding, Xu; Wu, Jianhui; Duan, Hongxia title: The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style date: 2020-10-29 journal: J Anxiety Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102328 sha: doc_id: 312362 cord_uid: i18rlo2r file: cache/cord-312484-epbhdx55.json key: cord-312484-epbhdx55 authors: Wang, Hongliang; Wang, Sicong; Yu, Kaijiang title: COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-03-18 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2832-8 sha: doc_id: 312484 cord_uid: epbhdx55 file: cache/cord-312114-lcyv211y.json key: cord-312114-lcyv211y authors: Graichen, Heiko title: The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic–a German perspective date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 312114 cord_uid: lcyv211y file: cache/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.json key: cord-312388-pc89ybxw authors: Singhania, Namrata; Bansal, Saurabh; Nimmatoori, Divya P.; Ejaz, Abutaleb A.; McCullough, Peter A.; Singhania, Girish title: Current Overview on Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00431-z sha: doc_id: 312388 cord_uid: pc89ybxw file: cache/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.json key: cord-312356-95yyi0jb authors: Hernández-Huerta, Daniel; Alonso-Sánchez, Elena Begoña; Carrajo-Garcia, Carmen Aldara; Montes-Rodríguez, José Manuel title: The impact of COVID-19 on Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit date: 2020-05-19 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113107 sha: doc_id: 312356 cord_uid: 95yyi0jb file: cache/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.json key: cord-312519-31mrmgmk authors: Dauerman, Harold L. title: The Unbearable Thrombus of COVID-19: Primary PCI, Thrombus, and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.027 sha: doc_id: 312519 cord_uid: 31mrmgmk file: cache/cord-312434-yx24golq.json key: cord-312434-yx24golq authors: Deng, Ziqin; Chen, Junsheng; Wang, Ting title: Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Human Coronaviruses: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-09-23 journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581404 sha: doc_id: 312434 cord_uid: yx24golq file: cache/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.json key: cord-312293-2h37qxcg authors: Kennelly, Brendan; O'Callaghan, Mike; Coughlan, Diarmuid; Cullinan, John; Doherty, Edel; Glynn, Liam; Moloney, Eoin; Queally, Michelle title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response date: 2020-09-09 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.021 sha: doc_id: 312293 cord_uid: 2h37qxcg file: cache/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.json key: cord-312398-teu3tdbq authors: Pocard, Marc title: A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified? date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Visc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.019 sha: doc_id: 312398 cord_uid: teu3tdbq file: cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.json key: cord-312467-kbhljong authors: Boilève, Alice; Stoclin, Annabelle; Barlesi, Fabrice; Varin, Florent; Suria, Stéphanie; Rieutord, André; Blot, François; Netzer, Florence; Scotté, Florian title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 journal: Support Care Cancer DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 sha: doc_id: 312467 cord_uid: kbhljong file: cache/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.json key: cord-312499-gd2wgti3 authors: Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima; Vanzillotta, Pedro Paulo; Quintão, Vinícius Caldeira title: The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology date: 2020-05-13 journal: Braz J Anesthesiol DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2020.04.025 sha: doc_id: 312499 cord_uid: gd2wgti3 file: cache/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.json key: cord-312619-7jpf81yz authors: Ilyas, Sadia; Srivastava, Rajiv Ranjan; Kim, Hyunjung title: Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management date: 2020-08-12 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141652 sha: doc_id: 312619 cord_uid: 7jpf81yz file: cache/cord-312305-ll29frwc.json key: cord-312305-ll29frwc authors: Sun, Shihui; Gu, Hongjing; Cao, Lei; Chen, Qi; Yang, Guan; Li, Rui-Ting; Fan, Hang; Ye, Qing; Deng, Yong-Qiang; Song, Xiaopeng; Qi, Yini; Li, Min; Lan, Jun; Feng, Rui; Guo, Yan; Qin, Si; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Yi-Fei; Zhou, Chao; Zhao, Lingna; Chen, Yuehong; Shen, Meng; Cui, Yujun; Yang, Xiao; Wang, Xinquan; Wang, Hui; Wang, Xiangxi; Qin, Cheng-Feng title: Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-11 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.10.377333 sha: doc_id: 312305 cord_uid: ll29frwc file: cache/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.json key: cord-312558-w2vjuidm authors: Gambardella, J.; Sardu, C.; Morelli, M. B.; Messina, V.; Castellanos, V.; Marfella, R.; Maggi, P.; Paolisso, G.; Wang, X.; Santulli, G. title: Exosomal microRNAs Drive Thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133256 sha: doc_id: 312558 cord_uid: w2vjuidm file: cache/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.json key: cord-312609-gv1khfmo authors: Fatima, Nida; Saqqur, Maher; Qamar, Fatima; Shaukat, Samia; Shuaib, Ashfaq title: Impact of COVID-19 on neurological manifestations: an overview of stroke presentation in pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04637-6 sha: doc_id: 312609 cord_uid: gv1khfmo file: cache/cord-312477-2y88gzji.json key: cord-312477-2y88gzji authors: Mlcochova, P.; Collier, D.; Ritchie, A. V.; Assennato, S. M.; Hosmillo, M.; Goel, N.; Meng, B.; Chatterji, K.; Mendoza, V.; Temperton, N.; Kiss, L.; Ciazyns, K. A.; Xiong, X.; Briggs, J. A.; Nathan, J.; Mescia, F.; Zhang, H.; Barmpounakis, P.; Demeris, N.; Skells, R.; Lyons, P.; Bradley, J.; Baker, S.; Lee, H. H.; Smith, K. G.; Goodfellow, I.; Gupta, R. K. title: Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133157 sha: doc_id: 312477 cord_uid: 2y88gzji file: cache/cord-312721-e6532xrl.json key: cord-312721-e6532xrl authors: Ruck, D. J.; Borycz, J.; Bentley, R. A. title: Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156091 sha: doc_id: 312721 cord_uid: e6532xrl file: cache/cord-312722-talu4geh.json key: cord-312722-talu4geh authors: Ahmed, Nausheen; de Lima, Marcos; Rohr, Bethany R.; Tomlinson, Benjamin K. title: COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient date: 2020-06-13 journal: Hematol Transfus Cell Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 312722 cord_uid: talu4geh file: cache/cord-312777-5925lvue.json key: cord-312777-5925lvue authors: Pan, Feng; Zheng, Chuansheng; Ye, Tianhe; Li, Lingli; Liu, Dehan; Li, Lin; Hesketh, Richard L.; Yang, Lian title: Different computed tomography patterns of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) between survivors and non-survivors date: 2020-07-09 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68057-4 sha: doc_id: 312777 cord_uid: 5925lvue file: cache/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.json key: cord-312623-ktswh3fu authors: Werthman-Ehrenreich, Amanda title: Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.032 sha: doc_id: 312623 cord_uid: ktswh3fu file: cache/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.json key: cord-312684-3i2r2ahr authors: Iba, Toshiaki; Levy, Jerrold H.; Levi, Marcel; Thachil, Jecko title: Coagulopathy in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.14975 sha: doc_id: 312684 cord_uid: 3i2r2ahr file: cache/cord-312518-510gmyb4.json key: cord-312518-510gmyb4 authors: Bersanelli, Melissa title: Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors date: 2020-03-26 journal: Immunotherapy DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0067 sha: doc_id: 312518 cord_uid: 510gmyb4 file: cache/cord-312559-ygh507x2.json key: cord-312559-ygh507x2 authors: Fiesco-Sepulveda, K. Y.; Serrano-Bermudez, L. M. title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104422 sha: doc_id: 312559 cord_uid: ygh507x2 file: cache/cord-312702-fruzsn26.json key: cord-312702-fruzsn26 authors: Finch, Courtney L.; Crozier, Ian; Lee, Ji Hyun; Byrum, Russ; Cooper, Timothy K.; Liang, Janie; Sharer, Kaleb; Solomon, Jeffrey; Sayre, Philip J.; Kocher, Gregory; Bartos, Christopher; Aiosa, Nina M.; Castro, Marcelo; Larson, Peter A.; Adams, Ricky; Beitzel, Brett; Di Paola, Nicholas; Kugelman, Jeffrey R.; Kurtz, Jonathan R.; Burdette, Tracey; Nason, Martha C.; Feuerstein, Irwin M.; Palacios, Gustavo; Claire, Marisa C. St.; Lackemeyer, Matthew G.; Johnson, Reed F.; Braun, Katarina M.; Ramuta, Mitchell D.; Wada, Jiro; Schmaljohn, Connie S.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; O’Connor, David H.; Kuhn, Jens H. title: Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) date: 2020-05-14 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.096727 sha: doc_id: 312702 cord_uid: fruzsn26 file: cache/cord-312632-g4250q6l.json key: cord-312632-g4250q6l authors: Cai, Xiaofang; Ma, Yaoling; Li, Songbo; Chen, Yan; Rong, Zhihui; Li, Wenbin title: Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children date: 2020-05-12 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00258 sha: doc_id: 312632 cord_uid: g4250q6l file: cache/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.json key: cord-312730-4ejjmab4 authors: Wong, Rebecca S. Y. title: The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: an Epidemiological and Clinical Perspective date: 2020-09-29 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00546-z sha: doc_id: 312730 cord_uid: 4ejjmab4 file: cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.json key: cord-312486-rumqopg0 authors: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591 sha: doc_id: 312486 cord_uid: rumqopg0 file: cache/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.json key: cord-312618-rxg7sjd9 authors: Allcott, Hunt; Boxell, Levi; Conway, Jacob; Gentzkow, Matthew; Thaler, Michael; Yang, David title: Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Public Econ DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104254 sha: doc_id: 312618 cord_uid: rxg7sjd9 file: cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.json key: cord-312677-rwznqiib authors: Razmi, Mahdieh; Hashemi, Farideh; Gheytanchi, Elmira; Dehghan, Masoumeh; Ghods, Roya; Madjd, Zahra title: Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-29 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106942 sha: doc_id: 312677 cord_uid: rwznqiib file: cache/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.json key: cord-312795-0e4esl2o authors: Puig-Domingo, M.; Marazuela, M.; Giustina, A. title: COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology date: 2020-04-11 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5 sha: doc_id: 312795 cord_uid: 0e4esl2o file: cache/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.json key: cord-312798-2cbgnv1h authors: Varma, Niraj; Marrouche, Nassir F.; Aguinaga, Luis; Albert, Christine M.; Arbelo, Elena; Choi, Jong-Il; Chung, Mina K.; Conte, Giulio; Dagher, Lilas; Epstein, Laurence M.; Ghanbari, Hamid; Han, Janet K.; Heidbuchel, Hein; Huang, He; Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R.; Ngarmukos, Tachapong; Russo, Andrea M.; Saad, Eduardo B.; Saenz Morales, Luis C.; Sandau, Kristin E.; Sridhar, Arun Raghav M.; Stecker, Eric C.; Varosy, Paul D. title: HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.019 sha: doc_id: 312798 cord_uid: 2cbgnv1h file: cache/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.json key: cord-312754-3yhxcfr2 authors: Allen, Bradley D.; Wong, Timothy C.; Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara; Bryant, Jennifer; Chen, Tiffany; Dall’Armellina, Erica; Finn, J. Paul; Fontana, Marianna; Francone, Marco; Han, Yuchi; Hays, Allison G.; Jacob, Ron; Lawton, Chris; Manning, Warren J.; Ordovas, Karen; Parwani, Purvi; Plein, Sven; Powell, Andrew J.; Raman, Subha V.; Salerno, Michael; Carr, James C. title: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for re-activation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance practice after peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00654-8 sha: doc_id: 312754 cord_uid: 3yhxcfr2 file: cache/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.json key: cord-312748-9v2bmbod authors: Guo, Zhen; Sun, Lin; Li, Bailing; Tian, Rui; Zhang, Xiaolin; Zhang, Zhongwei; Clifford, Sean P.; Liu, Yuan; Huang, Jiapeng; Li, Xin title: Anticoagulation Management in Severe COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-09-04 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.067 sha: doc_id: 312748 cord_uid: 9v2bmbod file: cache/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.json key: cord-312678-81gnmxbk authors: Elayeh, Eman; Aleidi, Shereen M.; Ya’acoub, Rawan; Haddadin, Randa N. title: Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240780 sha: doc_id: 312678 cord_uid: 81gnmxbk file: cache/cord-312835-a60bkohc.json key: cord-312835-a60bkohc authors: Kohli, Utkarsh; Meinert, Elizabeth; Chong, Grace; Tesher, Melissa; Jani, Priti title: Fulminant myocarditis and atrial fibrillation in child with acute COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 journal: J Electrocardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 312835 cord_uid: a60bkohc file: cache/cord-312801-tllj77up.json key: cord-312801-tllj77up authors: Giovannoni, Gavin; Hawkes, Chris; Lechner-Scott, Jeannette; Levy, Michael; Waubant, Emmanuelle; Gold, Julian title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies date: 2020-03-27 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102073 sha: doc_id: 312801 cord_uid: tllj77up file: cache/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.json key: cord-312759-py2d4rjq authors: Thiaw, Ibrahima title: Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic date: 2020-08-25 journal: Afr Archaeol Rev DOI: 10.1007/s10437-020-09403-9 sha: doc_id: 312759 cord_uid: py2d4rjq file: cache/cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.json key: cord-312812-3ghm9qy0 authors: Ziadé, Nelly; Hmamouchi, Ihsane; el Kibbi, Lina; Abdulateef, Nizar; Halabi, Hussein; Abutiban, Fatemah; Hamdi, Wafa; el Rakawi, Manal; Eissa, Mervat; Masri, Basel title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatology practice: a cross-sectional multinational study date: 2020-09-30 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05428-2 sha: doc_id: 312812 cord_uid: 3ghm9qy0 file: cache/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.json key: cord-312826-4m54ve8v authors: HOERTEL, N.; SANCHEZ RICO, M.; VERNET, R.; JANNOT, A.-S.; NEURAZ, A.; BLANCO, C.; LEMOGNE, C.; AIRAGNES, G.; PARIS, N.; DANIEL, C.; GRAMFORT, A.; LEMAITRE, G.; BERNAUX, M.; BELLAMINE, A.; BEEKER, N.; LIMOSIN, F. title: Observational Study of Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20150490 sha: doc_id: 312826 cord_uid: 4m54ve8v file: cache/cord-312926-j9jybblr.json key: cord-312926-j9jybblr authors: Dong, W.; Gong, Y.; Feng, J.; Bai, L.; Qing, H.; Zhou, P.; Du, Y.; Zhu, J.; Xu, S. title: Early Awake Prone and Lateral Position in Non-intubated Severe and Critical Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan: A Respective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20091454 sha: doc_id: 312926 cord_uid: j9jybblr file: cache/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.json key: cord-312849-vgzvpwz9 authors: Eckbo, Eric J.; Locher, Kerstin; Caza, Melissa; Li, Lisa; Lavergne, Valery; Charles, Marthe title: Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples date: 2020-11-10 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115260 sha: doc_id: 312849 cord_uid: vgzvpwz9 file: cache/cord-312784-ykko0al5.json key: cord-312784-ykko0al5 authors: Takian, Amirhossein; Raoofi, Azam; Kazempour-Ardebili, Sara title: COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran date: 2020-03-18 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30668-1 sha: doc_id: 312784 cord_uid: ykko0al5 file: cache/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.json key: cord-312847-2cg3ylfl authors: Carter, Chris; Aedy, Helen; Notter, Joy title: COVID-19 Disease: assessment of a critically ill patient date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100001 sha: doc_id: 312847 cord_uid: 2cg3ylfl file: cache/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.json key: cord-312905-8xlt92pl authors: Li, Guanjian; Li, Weiran; He, Xiaojin; Cao, Yunxia title: Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-04-09 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa418 sha: doc_id: 312905 cord_uid: 8xlt92pl file: cache/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.json key: cord-312986-nz8uc7sl authors: Abou-Abbas, Linda; Nasser, Zeina; Fares, Youssef; Chahrour, Mohammad; El Haidari, Rana; Atoui, Rola title: Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon date: 2020-09-29 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09585-6 sha: doc_id: 312986 cord_uid: nz8uc7sl file: cache/cord-312918-iof45k1r.json key: cord-312918-iof45k1r authors: Ortolani, Claudio; Pastorello, Elide A. title: Hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone in COVID-19: who won and who lost? date: 2020-09-09 journal: Clin Mol Allergy DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00132-7 sha: doc_id: 312918 cord_uid: iof45k1r file: cache/cord-312884-anlp8lab.json key: cord-312884-anlp8lab authors: Iyer, Gayatri R.; Samajder, Sayani; Zubeda, Syeda; S, Devi Soorya Narayana; Mali, Vishakha; PV, Sharath Krishnan; Sharma, Anuradha; Abbas, Neyha Zainab; Bora, Nandini Shyamali; Narravula, Amulya; Hasan, Qurratulain title: Infectivity and Progression of COVID-19 Based on Selected Host Candidate Gene Variants date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Genet DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00861 sha: doc_id: 312884 cord_uid: anlp8lab file: cache/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.json key: cord-312885-d4ku8dyz authors: Wang, W.; Wu, Q.; Yang, J.; Dong, K.; Chen, X.; Bai, X.; Chen, Z.; Viboud, C.; Ajelli, M.; Yu, H. title: Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-09-30 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20200469 sha: doc_id: 312885 cord_uid: d4ku8dyz file: cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.json key: cord-312864-km07zhn1 authors: Potalivo, A.; Montomoli, J.; Facondini, F.; Sanson, G.; Lazzari Agli, L. A.; Perin, T.; Cristini, F.; Cavagna, E.; De Giovanni, R.; Biagetti, C.; Panzini, I.; Ravaiolo, C.; Bitondo, M.; Guerra, D.; Giuliani, G.; Mosconi, E.; Guarino, S.; Marchionni, E.; Gangitano, G.; Valentini, I.; Giampaolo, L.; Muratori, F.; Nardi, G. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174615 sha: doc_id: 312864 cord_uid: km07zhn1 file: cache/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.json key: cord-313082-n3bo9jw1 authors: Tenenbein, Paul; Riazi, Sheila; Johnstone, Jennie; Keshavjee, Shaf; Karkouti, Keyvan title: The case for routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery date: 2020-06-03 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01730-4 sha: doc_id: 313082 cord_uid: n3bo9jw1 file: cache/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.json key: cord-312960-i3l8lh4e authors: Almeshari, M. A.; Alobaidi, N. Y.; Al Asmri, M.; Alhuthail, E.; Alshehri, Z.; Alenezi, F.; Sapey, E.; Parekh, D. title: Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122069 sha: doc_id: 312960 cord_uid: i3l8lh4e file: cache/cord-313084-l7odplqg.json key: cord-313084-l7odplqg authors: Sampson, Victoria; Kamona, Nawar; Sampson, Ariane title: Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? date: 2020-06-26 journal: Br Dent J DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8 sha: doc_id: 313084 cord_uid: l7odplqg file: cache/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.json key: cord-312969-r8vt2i2z authors: Temgoua, Mazou Ngou; Kuate, Liliane Mfeukeu; Ngatchou, William; Sibetcheu, Aurelie; Toupendi, Zouliatou Nzina; Belobo, Grace; Ossa, Alice; Kingue, Samuel title: COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? date: 2020-04-29 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.22947 sha: doc_id: 312969 cord_uid: r8vt2i2z file: cache/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.json key: cord-313157-wzz3dasn authors: Rodríguez-Chagolla, José M.; Vásquez Jiménez, Enzo; Herrera Arellano, Leticia; Villa Torres, Alberto; Acosta García, Nayeli; Aleman Quimbiulco, Dolores; Armeaga Aguilar, Sergio; Madero, Magdalena title: Peritoneal Dialysis Is an Option for Acute Kidney Injury Management in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 journal: Blood Purif DOI: 10.1159/000511390 sha: doc_id: 313157 cord_uid: wzz3dasn file: cache/cord-313117-0qur0isb.json key: cord-313117-0qur0isb authors: Gardinassi, Luiz G.; Souza, Camila O. S.; Sales-Campos, Helioswilton; Fonseca, Simone G. title: Immune and Metabolic Signatures of COVID-19 Revealed by Transcriptomics Data Reuse date: 2020-06-26 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01636 sha: doc_id: 313117 cord_uid: 0qur0isb file: cache/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.json key: cord-313151-coqbcrwc authors: Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa title: Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00801-2 sha: doc_id: 313151 cord_uid: coqbcrwc file: cache/cord-313355-166b6fep.json key: cord-313355-166b6fep authors: Zhang, Xiao-Jing; Qin, Juan-Juan; Cheng, Xu; Shen, Lijun; Zhao, Yan-Ci; Yuan, Yufeng; Lei, Fang; Chen, Ming-Ming; Yang, Huilin; Bai, Liangjie; Song, Xiaohui; Lin, Lijin; Xia, Meng; Zhou, Feng; Zhou, Jianghua; She, Zhi-Gang; Zhu, Lihua; Ma, Xinliang; Xu, Qingbo; Ye, Ping; Chen, Guohua; Liu, Liming; Mao, Weiming; Yan, Youqin; Xiao, Bing; Lu, Zhigang; Peng, Gang; Liu, Minyu; Yang, Jun; Yang, Luyu; Zhang, Changjiang; Lu, Haofeng; Xia, Xigang; Wang, Daihong; Liao, Xiaofeng; Wei, Xiang; Zhang, Bing-Hong; Zhang, Xin; Yang, Juan; Zhao, Guang-Nian; Zhang, Peng; Liu, Peter P.; Rohit, Loomba; Ji, Yan-Xiao; Xia, Jiahong; Wang, Yibin; Cai, Jingjing; Guo, Jiao; Li, Hongliang title: In-hospital Use of Statins is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Cell Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 313355 cord_uid: 166b6fep file: cache/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.json key: cord-312861-6ayidmj3 authors: Rayner, Craig R.; Dron, Louis; Park, Jay J. H.; Decloedt, Eric H.; Cotton, Mark F.; Niranjan, Vis; Smith, Patrick F.; Dodds, Michael G.; Brown, Fran; Reis, Gilmar; Wesche, David; Mills, Edward J. title: Accelerating Clinical Evaluation of Repurposed Combination Therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0995 sha: doc_id: 312861 cord_uid: 6ayidmj3 file: cache/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.json key: cord-313148-dps5dyhr authors: Nkhata, Smith G.; Ngoma, Theresa N.; Chilenga, Praise M. title: SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. date: 2020-10-21 journal: Hum Ecol Interdiscip J DOI: 10.1007/s10745-020-00191-z sha: doc_id: 313148 cord_uid: dps5dyhr file: cache/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.json key: cord-313272-lkzo10r5 authors: Bellini, Carlo; Gente, Maurizio title: Neonatal Transport and COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 journal: Air Med J DOI: 10.1016/j.amj.2020.03.003 sha: doc_id: 313272 cord_uid: lkzo10r5 file: cache/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.json key: cord-313267-dc8z4jzo authors: Daneshkhah, Ali; Eshein, Adam; Subramanian, Hariharan; Roy, Hemant Kumar; Backman, Vadim title: The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20058578 sha: doc_id: 313267 cord_uid: dc8z4jzo file: cache/cord-313275-znrvkmee.json key: cord-313275-znrvkmee authors: Bwire, G. M.; Njiro, B. J. title: A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20127118 sha: doc_id: 313275 cord_uid: znrvkmee file: cache/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.json key: cord-313286-nqvuas3p authors: Afshar Jahanshahi, A.; Mokhtari Dinani, M.; Nazarian Madavani, A.; Li, J.; Zhang, S. X. title: The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic - More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors date: 2020-04-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20052571 sha: doc_id: 313286 cord_uid: nqvuas3p file: cache/cord-313268-j51zyodw.json key: cord-313268-j51zyodw authors: Zeng, Xiangxiang; Song, Xiang; Ma, Tengfei; Pan, Xiaoqin; Zhou, Yadi; Hou, Yuan; Zhang, Zheng; Li, Kenli; Karypis, George; Cheng, Feixiong title: Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning date: 2020-07-12 journal: J Proteome Res DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00316 sha: doc_id: 313268 cord_uid: j51zyodw file: cache/cord-313282-z5cues67.json key: cord-313282-z5cues67 authors: Schaefer, Inga-Marie; Padera, Robert F.; Solomon, Isaac H.; Kanjilal, Sanjat; Hammer, Mark M.; Hornick, Jason L.; Sholl, Lynette M. title: In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: Mod Pathol DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0595-z sha: doc_id: 313282 cord_uid: z5cues67 file: cache/cord-313382-prxc0lue.json key: cord-313382-prxc0lue authors: Hossein Norooznezhad, Amir; Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh; Shamshirsaz, Alireza A. title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor date: 2020-09-12 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110269 sha: doc_id: 313382 cord_uid: prxc0lue file: cache/cord-313071-9nm460b0.json key: cord-313071-9nm460b0 authors: Xu, M.; Ouyang, L.; Gao, Y.; Chen, Y.; Yu, T.; Li, Q.; Sun, K.; Bao, F. S.; Safarnejad, L.; Wen, J.; Jiang, C.; Chen, T.; Han, L.; Zhang, H.; Yu, Z.; Liu, X.; Yan, T.; Li, H.; Robinson, P.; Zhu, B.; Liu, J.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Ge, Y.; Chen, S. title: Accurately Differentiating COVID-19, Other Viral Infection, and Healthy Individuals Using Multimodal Features via Late Fusion Learning date: 2020-08-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.18.20176776 sha: doc_id: 313071 cord_uid: 9nm460b0 file: cache/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.json key: cord-313390-zeo0ud75 authors: Masiero, Stefano; Maccarone, Maria Chiara; Agostini, Francesco title: Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? A challenge for the future date: 2020-06-05 journal: Int J Biometeorol DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01947-4 sha: doc_id: 313390 cord_uid: zeo0ud75 file: cache/cord-313215-diqfmitr.json key: cord-313215-diqfmitr authors: Luo, Lei; Liu, Dan; Zhang, Hao; Li, Zhihao; Zhen, Ruonan; Zhang, Xiru; Xie, Huaping; Song, Weiqi; Liu, Jie; Huang, Qingmei; Liu, Jingwen; Yang, Xingfen; Chen, Zongqiu; Mao, Chen title: Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-07-09 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.195008 sha: doc_id: 313215 cord_uid: diqfmitr file: cache/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.json key: cord-312955-gs65c3fy authors: Schreiber, Gideon title: The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739 sha: doc_id: 312955 cord_uid: gs65c3fy file: cache/cord-313356-ninzeazy.json key: cord-313356-ninzeazy authors: Fiorillo, Luca; Cervino, Gabriele; Matarese, Marco; D’Amico, Cesare; Surace, Giovanni; Paduano, Valeria; Fiorillo, Maria Teresa; Moschella, Antonio; La Bruna, Alessia; Romano, Giovanni Luca; Laudicella, Riccardo; Baldari, Sergio; Cicciù, Marco title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date: 2020-04-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093132 sha: doc_id: 313356 cord_uid: ninzeazy file: cache/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.json key: cord-313392-a5ynzx70 authors: Liu, Ze-Ming; Li, Jin-Peng; Wang, Shi-Pei; Chen, Dan-Yang; Zeng, Wen; Chen, Si-Chao; Huang, Yi-Hui; Huang, Jiang-Long; Long, Wei; Li, Man; Gao, Rong-Fen; Guo, Liang; Wu, Xiao-Hui title: Association of procalcitonin levels with the progression and prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48396 sha: doc_id: 313392 cord_uid: a5ynzx70 file: cache/cord-313313-twct29aq.json key: cord-313313-twct29aq authors: Carbonell, Ana Piera; Lerín, Aurora García; Vallejo, Olga García; Vargas, Manuel Frías; Ferriols, María Ángeles Cabrera title: Trombosis y covid-19: atención primaria clave en el abordaje interdisciplinar date: 2020-06-06 journal: Semergen DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 313313 cord_uid: twct29aq file: cache/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.json key: cord-313353-uwwih8v3 authors: Di Tano, Giuseppe; Moschini, Luigi; Loffi, Marco; Testa, Sophie; Danzi, Gian Battista title: Late Pulmonary Embolism after COVID-19 Pneumonia despite Adequate Rivaroxaban Treatment date: 2020-06-18 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001790 sha: doc_id: 313353 cord_uid: uwwih8v3 file: cache/cord-313239-0gl43af5.json key: cord-313239-0gl43af5 authors: Moreno, Courtney C.; Yee, Judy; Ahmed, Firas S.; Barish, Matthew A.; Brewington, Cecelia; Dachman, Abraham H.; Gollub, Marc J.; Kim, David H.; McFarland, Elizabeth; Pickhardt, Perry J.; Reddy, Syam; Zalis, Michael; Chang, Kevin J. title: CT colonography’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a safe(r), socially distanced total colon examination date: 2020-08-03 journal: Abdom Radiol (NY) DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02674-5 sha: doc_id: 313239 cord_uid: 0gl43af5 file: cache/cord-313489-i969aqn9.json key: cord-313489-i969aqn9 authors: Galbadage, Thushara; Peterson, Brent M.; Gunasekera, Richard S. title: Does COVID-19 Spread Through Droplets Alone? date: 2020-04-24 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00163 sha: doc_id: 313489 cord_uid: i969aqn9 file: cache/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.json key: cord-313294-ffgo56gl authors: Bertsimas, D.; Borenstein, A.; Mingardi, L.; Nohadani, O.; Orfanoudaki, A.; Stellato, B.; Wiberg, H.; Sarin, P.; Varelmann, D.; Estrada, V.; Macaya, C.; Nunez Gil, I. title: Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223594 sha: doc_id: 313294 cord_uid: ffgo56gl file: cache/cord-313480-268xf8i9.json key: cord-313480-268xf8i9 authors: Ransing, Ramdas; Ramalho, Rodrigo; de Filippis, Renato; Isioma Ojeahere, Margaret; Karaliuniene, Ruta; Orsolini, Laura; da Costa, Mariana Pinto; Ullah, Irfan; Grandinetti, Paolo; Gashi Bytyçi, Drita; Grigo, Omityah; Mhamunkar, Aman; El Hayek, Samer; Essam, Lamiaa; Larnaout, Amine; Shalbafan, Mohammadreza; Nofal, Marwa; Soler-Vidal, Joan; Pereira-Sanchez, Victor; Adiukwu (FA), Frances title: Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World date: 2020-07-27 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.033 sha: doc_id: 313480 cord_uid: 268xf8i9 file: cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.json key: cord-313528-rp15vi1o authors: Wallace, Douglas W.; Burleson, Samuel L.; Heimann, Matthew A.; Crosby, James C.; Swanson, Jonathan; Gibson, Courtney B.; Greene, Christopher title: An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12210 sha: doc_id: 313528 cord_uid: rp15vi1o file: cache/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.json key: cord-313468-lloh1b0y authors: Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando; Munguía, Lucero; Mestre‐Bach, Gemma; Steward, Trevor; Etxandi, Mikel; Baenas, Isabel; Granero, Roser; Sánchez, Isabel; Ortega, Emilio; Andreu, Alba; Moize, Violeta L.; Fernández‐Real, Jose M; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Diegüez, Carlos; Frühbeck, Gema; Le Grange, Daniel; Tchanturia, Kate; Karwautz, Andreas; Zeiler, Michael; Favaro, Angela; Claes, Laurence; Luyckx, Koen; Shekriladze, Ia; Serrano‐Troncoso, Eduardo; Rangil, Teresa; Meler, Maria Eulalia Loran; Soriano‐Pacheco, Jose; Carceller‐Sindreu, Mar; Bujalance‐Arguijo, Sara; Lozano, Meritxell; Linares, Raquel; Gudiol, Carlota; Carratala, Jordi; Sanchez‐Gonzalez, Jessica; Machado, Paulo PP; Håkansson, Anders; Túry, Ferenc; Pászthy, Bea; Stein, Daniel; Papezová, Hana; Bax, Brigita; Borisenkov, Mikhail F.; Popov, Sergey V.; Kim, Youl‐Ri; Nakazato, Michiko; Godart, Nathalie; van Voren, Robert; Ilnytska, Tetiana; Chen, Jue; Rowlands, Katie; Treasure, Janet; Jiménez‐Murcia, Susana title: COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study date: 2020-09-20 journal: Eur Eat Disord Rev DOI: 10.1002/erv.2784 sha: doc_id: 313468 cord_uid: lloh1b0y file: cache/cord-313402-f3indt3b.json key: cord-313402-f3indt3b authors: Hong, X.-w.; Chi, Z.-p.; Liu, G.-y.; Huang, H.; Guo, S.-q.; Fan, J.-r.; Lin, X.-w.; Qu, L.-z.; Chen, R.-l.; Wu, L.-j.; Wang, L.-y.; Zhang, Q.-c.; Wu, S.-w.; Pan, Z.-q.; Lin, H.; Zhou, Y.-h.; Zhang, Y.-h. title: Analysis of early renal injury in COVID-19 and diagnostic value of multi-index combined detection date: 2020-03-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.07.20032599 sha: doc_id: 313402 cord_uid: f3indt3b file: cache/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.json key: cord-313543-ad3c0hve authors: Amram, Ofer; Amiri, Solmaz; Lutz, Robert B.; Rajan, Bhardwaj; Monsivais, Pablo title: Development of a vulnerability index for diagnosis with the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in Washington State, USA date: 2020-06-26 journal: Health Place DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102377 sha: doc_id: 313543 cord_uid: ad3c0hve file: cache/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.json key: cord-313494-a4pms2ub authors: Sampedro, Ana Diez; Gonzalez, Arturo; Delgado, Victor; Flowers, Monica; Maltseva, Tatayana; Olenick, Maria title: COVID-19 and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs): Frontline update #1 date: 2020-06-18 journal: J Nurse Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.06.014 sha: doc_id: 313494 cord_uid: a4pms2ub file: cache/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.json key: cord-313503-wvgwf9n3 authors: D’Amico, Randy S.; Khatri, Deepak; Kwan, Kevin; Baum, Griffin; Serulle, Yafell; Silva, Danilo; Smith, Michael L.; Ellis, Jason A.; Levine, Mitchell; Ortiz, Rafael; Langer, David J.; Boockvar, John A. title: Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 - The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. date: 2020-07-23 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.133 sha: doc_id: 313503 cord_uid: wvgwf9n3 file: cache/cord-313537-920tgv1j.json key: cord-313537-920tgv1j authors: Carbonell, Ana Piera; Vargas, Manuel Frías; Vallejo, Olga García; Lerín, Aurora García; Ferriols, María Ángeles Cabrera; Morant, Juan Peiró; Carrasco, Eduardo Carrasco title: Covid-19 y tromboprofilaxis: recomendaciones para nuestra práctica clínica en atención primaria date: 2020-09-18 journal: Semergen DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 313537 cord_uid: 920tgv1j file: cache/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.json key: cord-313237-ai39ny9y authors: Abdullah, Jafri Malin; Wan Ismail, Wan Faisham Nu’man; Mohamad, Irfan; Ab Razak, Asrenee; Harun, Azian; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Lee, Yeong Yeh title: A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond date: 2020-04-10 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.1 sha: doc_id: 313237 cord_uid: ai39ny9y file: cache/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.json key: cord-313386-t2p9txlt authors: Naito, Yuji; Takagi, Tomohisa; Yamamoto, Tetsuro; Watanabe, Shaw title: Association between selective IgA deficiency and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Clin Biochem Nutr DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-102 sha: doc_id: 313386 cord_uid: t2p9txlt file: cache/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.json key: cord-313415-5qrpucr4 authors: Lai, Rongtao; Chen, Erzhen; Gao, Weiyi; Cheng, Chengwei; Xie, Qing title: Sentinel surveillance strategies for early detection of coronavirus disease in fever clinics: experience from China date: 2020-08-25 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001892 sha: doc_id: 313415 cord_uid: 5qrpucr4 file: cache/cord-313700-enivzp1f.json key: cord-313700-enivzp1f authors: Lio, Chon Fu; Cheong, Hou Hon; Lei, Chin Ion; Lo, Iek Long; Yao, Lan; Lam, Chong; Leong, Iek Hou title: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China date: 2020-06-19 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9428 sha: doc_id: 313700 cord_uid: enivzp1f file: cache/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.json key: cord-313427-6y4zvrmn authors: Mani, Nandita S; Budak, Jehan Z; Lan, Kristine F; Bryson-Cahn, Chloe; Zelikoff, Allison; Barker, Gwendolyn E C; Grant, Carolyn W; Hart, Kristi; Barbee, Carrie J; Sandoval, Marissa D; Dostal, Christine L; Corcorran, Maria; Ungerleider, Hal M; Gates, Jeff O; Olin, Svaya V; Bryan, Andrew; Hoffman, Noah G; Marquis, Sara R; Harvey, Michelle L; Nasenbeny, Keri; Mertens, Kathleen; Chew, Lisa D; Greninger, Alexander L; Jerome, Keith R; Pottinger, Paul S; Dellit, Timothy H; Liu, Catherine; Pergam, Steven A; Neme, Santiago; Lynch, John B; Kim, H Nina; Cohen, Seth A title: Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington date: 2020-06-16 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa761 sha: doc_id: 313427 cord_uid: 6y4zvrmn file: cache/cord-313785-8tipkksu.json key: cord-313785-8tipkksu authors: d'Ettorre, Gabriella; Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Marazzato, Massimiliano; Campagna, Giuseppe; Pinacchio, Claudia; Alessandri, Francesco; Ruberto, Franco; Rossi, Giacomo; Celani, Luigi; Scagnolari, Carolina; Mastropietro, Cristina; Trinchieri, Vito; Recchia, Gregorio Egidio; Mauro, Vera; Antonelli, Guido; Pugliese, Francesco; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria title: Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00389 sha: doc_id: 313785 cord_uid: 8tipkksu file: cache/cord-313829-pjscmen8.json key: cord-313829-pjscmen8 authors: Caballero, A.E.; Ceriello, A.; Misra, A.; Aschner, P.; McDonnell, M.E.; Hassanein, M.; Ji, L.; Mbanya, J.C.; Fonseca, V.A. title: COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Diabetes Complications DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671 sha: doc_id: 313829 cord_uid: pjscmen8 file: cache/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.json key: cord-313728-08kwkbmd authors: Binda, Barbara; Picchi, Giovanna; Carucci, Anna Cecilia; Sinatti, Gaia; Di Norcia, Monica; Grimaldi, Alessandro; Lancione, Laura; Natili, Andrea; Chiappori, Davide; Montali, Filippo; Lupi, Diana; Martinez, Viviana; Panarese, Alessandra; D’Anselmi, Fabrizio; Pisani, Francesco title: Follow-up and Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients During the COVID-19 Lockdown: the experience of an Italian Transplant Center, Including Two Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-28 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 313728 cord_uid: 08kwkbmd file: cache/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.json key: cord-313992-ogdqq3dl authors: Kortuem, S. O.; Frey, P.; Becker, D.; Ott, H.-J.; Schlaudt, H.-P. title: Corona-Independent Excess Mortality Due to Reduced Use of Emergency Medical Care in the Corona Pandemic: A Population-Based Observational Study date: 2020-10-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220558 sha: doc_id: 313992 cord_uid: ogdqq3dl file: cache/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.json key: cord-313659-jutdl9qu authors: Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh; Codispoti, Christopher title: Reply to Does asthma affect outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infections? date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.020 sha: doc_id: 313659 cord_uid: jutdl9qu file: cache/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.json key: cord-313916-i9af6rgx authors: Kuhn, Andrew W.; Coxe, Francesca R.; Kunze, Kyle N.; Bernstein, David N. title: To “Heed the Call” Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns date: 2020-06-09 journal: JB JS Open Access DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.20.00063 sha: doc_id: 313916 cord_uid: i9af6rgx file: cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.json key: cord-313684-61hkogdh authors: Samaddar, Arghadip; Grover, Malika; Nag, Vijaya Lakshmi title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585888 sha: doc_id: 313684 cord_uid: 61hkogdh file: cache/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.json key: cord-313976-q5j5kr1v authors: Alaarag, Ahmed; Hassan, Timoor; Samir, Sameh; Naseem, Mohamed title: Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with STEMI and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19: an experience of Tanta University Hospital date: 2020-10-06 journal: Egypt Heart J DOI: 10.1186/s43044-020-00103-y sha: doc_id: 313976 cord_uid: q5j5kr1v file: cache/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.json key: cord-314002-zm02k9bw authors: Ayanian, Shant; Reyes, Juan; Lynn, Lei; Teufel, Karolyn title: The association between biomarkers and clinical outcomes in novel coronavirus pneumonia in a US cohort date: 2020-07-17 journal: Biomark Med DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0309 sha: doc_id: 314002 cord_uid: zm02k9bw file: cache/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.json key: cord-313518-8a6y1qsf authors: Abdul-Baki, Mohammad-Nasan; Dhemesh, Yaseen; Alasadi, Lugien; Alsuliman, Tamim title: The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa075 sha: doc_id: 313518 cord_uid: 8a6y1qsf file: cache/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.json key: cord-313887-8sabsrgy authors: Quandt, Sara A.; LaMonto, Natalie J.; Mora, Dana C.; Talton, Jennifer W.; Laurienti, Paul J.; Arcury, Thomas A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic among Latinx Farmworker and Nonfarmworker Families in North Carolina: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors date: 2020-08-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165786 sha: doc_id: 313887 cord_uid: 8sabsrgy file: cache/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.json key: cord-313836-mcm0xmzw authors: Di Micco, Pierpaolo; Russo, Vincenzo; Lodigiani, Corrado title: Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate date: 2020-09-27 journal: Medicina (Kaunas) DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100506 sha: doc_id: 313836 cord_uid: mcm0xmzw file: cache/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.json key: cord-313682-t3zhqrs9 authors: Zhang, Xiaomeng; Huang, Qiling; Niu, Xun; Zhou, Tao; Xie, Zhen; Zhong, Yi; Xiao, Hongjun title: Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-19 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26261 sha: doc_id: 313682 cord_uid: t3zhqrs9 file: cache/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.json key: cord-313937-uxz9uedr authors: Qiu, Jian-Yin; Zhou, Dong-Sheng; Liu, Jian; Yuan, Ti-Fei title: Mental Wellness system for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.032 sha: doc_id: 313937 cord_uid: uxz9uedr file: cache/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.json key: cord-313387-xwb0iphy authors: Meleo-Erwin, Zoë; Kollia, Betty; Fera, Joe; Jahren, Alyssa; Basch, Corey title: Online Support Information for Students with Disabilities in Colleges and Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 journal: Disabil Health J DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101013 sha: doc_id: 313387 cord_uid: xwb0iphy file: cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.json key: cord-313980-jutof78v authors: van de Veerdonk, F. L.; Janssen, N. A. F.; Grondman, I.; de Nooijer, A. H.; Koeken, V. A. C. M.; Matzaraki, V.; Boahen, C. K.; Kumar, V.; Kox, M.; Koenen, H. J. P. M.; Smeets, R. L.; Joosten, I.; Brampuumlggemann, R. J. M.; Kouijzer, I. J. E.; van der Hoeven, H. G.; Schouten, J. A.; Frenzel, T.; Reijers, M.; Hoefsloot, W.; Dofferhoff, A. S. M.; Kerckhoffs, A. P. M.; Blaauw, M. J. T.; Veerman, K.; Maas, C.; Schoneveld, A. H.; Hoefer, I. E.; Derde, L. P. G.; Willems, L.; Toonen, E.; van Deuren, M.; van der Meer, J. W. M.; van Crevel, R.; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J.; Joosten, L. A. B.; He, van den title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 sha: doc_id: 313980 cord_uid: jutof78v file: cache/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.json key: cord-313989-bc7q8swu authors: Nicholls, Stephen J.; Nelson, Mark; Astley, Carolyn; Briffa, Tom; Brown, Alex; Clark, Robyn; Colquhoun, David; Gallagher, Robyn; Hare, David L.; Inglis, Sally; Jelinek, Michael; O’Neil, Adrienne; Tirimacco, Rosy; Vale, Margarite; Redfern, Julie title: Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) # date: 2020-04-30 journal: Heart Lung Circ DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.007 sha: doc_id: 313989 cord_uid: bc7q8swu file: cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.json key: cord-313894-stgx36h5 authors: Ürün, Yüksel; Hussain, Syed A.; Bakouny, Ziad; Castellano, Daniel; Kılıçkap, Saadettin; Morgan, Gilberto; Mckay, Rana R.; Pels, Kevin; Schmidt, Andrew; Doroshow, Deborah B.; Schütz, Fábio; Albiges, Laurence; Lopes, Gilberto; Catto, James W. F.; Peters, Solange; Choueiri, Toni K. title: Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date: 2020-08-05 journal: JCO Glob Oncol DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00300 sha: doc_id: 313894 cord_uid: stgx36h5 file: cache/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.json key: cord-314006-fz1ckclm authors: Taylor, C. Barr; Fitzsimmons‐Craft, Ellen E.; Graham, Andrea K. title: Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID‐19 crisis as a catalyst for change date: 2020-05-25 journal: Int J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1002/eat.23300 sha: doc_id: 314006 cord_uid: fz1ckclm file: cache/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.json key: cord-313984-7wvfnag1 authors: Remy, Kenneth E; Brakenridge, Scott C; Francois, Bruno; Daix, Thomas; Deutschman, Clifford S; Monneret, Guillaume; Jeannet, Robin; Laterre, Pierre-Francois; Hotchkiss, Richard S; Moldawer, Lyle L title: Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis date: 2020-04-28 journal: Lancet Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30217-4 sha: doc_id: 313984 cord_uid: 7wvfnag1 file: cache/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.json key: cord-313947-2u77y1gx authors: Gelardi, Matteo; Iannuzzi, Lucia; Trecca, Eleonora M. C.; Kim, Brandon; Quaranta, Nicola A. A.; Cassano, Michele title: COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies? date: 2020-05-18 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06046-z sha: doc_id: 313947 cord_uid: 2u77y1gx file: cache/cord-314135-udce22id.json key: cord-314135-udce22id authors: Geisslinger, Franz; Vollmar, Angelika M.; Bartel, Karin title: Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19–and Vice Versa? date: 2020-07-06 journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ph13070143 sha: doc_id: 314135 cord_uid: udce22id file: cache/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.json key: cord-314081-6y5ibktt authors: Lorente, Leonardo; Martín, María M.; Argueso, Mónica; Solé-Violán, Jordi; Perez, Alina; Ramos, José Alberto MARCOS Y; Ramos-Gómez, Luis; López, Sergio; Franco, Andrés; González-Rivero, Agustín F.; Martín, María; Gonzalez, Verónica; Alcoba-Flórez, Julia; Rodriguez, Miguel Ángel; Riaño-Ruiz, Marta; Campo, Juan GUILLERMO O; González, Lourdes; Cantera, Tamara; Ortiz-López, Raquel; Ojeda, Nazario; Rodríguez-Pérez, Aurelio; Domínguez, Casimira; Jiménez, Alejandro title: Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-11-07 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.013 sha: doc_id: 314081 cord_uid: 6y5ibktt file: cache/cord-313716-pw0odm88.json key: cord-313716-pw0odm88 authors: Moccia, Lorenzo; Janiri, Delfina; Pepe, Maria; Dattoli, Luigi; Molinaro, Marzia; De Martin, Valentina; Chieffo, Daniela; Janiri, Luigi; Fiorillo, Andrea; Sani, Gabriele; Di Nicola, Marco title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population date: 2020-04-20 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 sha: doc_id: 313716 cord_uid: pw0odm88 file: cache/cord-314085-y59a27oy.json key: cord-314085-y59a27oy authors: Nash, David B. title: New Normal for Medical Practice Post COVID-19? date: 2020-10-01 journal: Popul Health Manag DOI: 10.1089/pop.2020.29003.nas sha: doc_id: 314085 cord_uid: y59a27oy file: cache/cord-314113-m46j1379.json key: cord-314113-m46j1379 authors: Arias, Jose title: COVID-19 effect on herding behaviour in European Capital Markets date: 2020-10-01 journal: Financ Res Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101787 sha: doc_id: 314113 cord_uid: m46j1379 file: cache/cord-313713-70ykst44.json key: cord-313713-70ykst44 authors: Pratap Singh, Ravi; Javaid, Mohd; Haleem, Abid; Vaishya, Raju; Al, Shokat title: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for orthopaedic in COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Clin Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 313713 cord_uid: 70ykst44 file: cache/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.json key: cord-314014-d9jwy5b6 authors: Duan, Hongxia; Yan, Linlin; Ding, Xu; Gan, Yiqun; Kohn, Nils; Wu, Jianhui title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates date: 2020-08-18 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113396 sha: doc_id: 314014 cord_uid: d9jwy5b6 file: cache/cord-314013-g091lv0s.json key: cord-314013-g091lv0s authors: Belladonna, Maria Laura; Orabona, Ciriana title: Potential Benefits of Tryptophan Metabolism to the Efficacy of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00959 sha: doc_id: 314013 cord_uid: g091lv0s file: cache/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.json key: cord-314070-8qz23nn4 authors: Gubbi, Sriram; Nazari, Matthew A; Taieb, David; Klubo-Gwiezdzinska, Joanna; Pacak, Karel title: Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30342-9 sha: doc_id: 314070 cord_uid: 8qz23nn4 file: cache/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.json key: cord-314229-9k2dd95b authors: Spaccaferri, G.; Marie, C.; Danis, K.; Épaulard, O.; Botelho-Nevers, E.; Perpoint, T.; Gaymard, A.; Thabuis, A.; Coignard, B. title: Cas groupés d’infections au nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) aux Contamines-Montjoie, Haute-Savoie, janvier–février 2020 date: 2020-09-30 journal: Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.142 sha: doc_id: 314229 cord_uid: 9k2dd95b file: cache/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.json key: cord-314121-ez62fx9p authors: de Chaisemartin, C.; de Chaisemartin, L. title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden. date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20137802 sha: doc_id: 314121 cord_uid: ez62fx9p file: cache/cord-314152-wd153s1g.json key: cord-314152-wd153s1g authors: Noor, Farha Musharrat; Islam, Md. Momin title: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-12 journal: J Community Health DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x sha: doc_id: 314152 cord_uid: wd153s1g file: cache/cord-314197-om3pggwa.json key: cord-314197-om3pggwa authors: Altmayer, Stephan; Zanon, Matheus; Pacini, Gabriel Sartori; Watte, Guilherme; Barros, Marcelo Cardoso; Mohammed, Tan-Lucien; Verma, Nupur; Marchiori, Edson; Hochhegger, Bruno title: Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-27 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07018-x sha: doc_id: 314197 cord_uid: om3pggwa file: cache/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.json key: cord-314272-ey2onl0j authors: Zhang, H.; Dimitrov, D.; Simpson, L.; Singh, B.; Plaks, N.; Penney, S.; Charles, J.; Sheehan, R.; Flammini, S.; Murphy, S.; Landman, A. title: A Web-based, Mobile Responsive Application to Screen Healthcare Workers for COVID Symptoms: Descriptive Study date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069211 sha: doc_id: 314272 cord_uid: ey2onl0j file: cache/cord-314109-wb45naw2.json key: cord-314109-wb45naw2 authors: Maiese, Kenneth title: The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment date: 2020-06-17 journal: Curr Neurovasc Res DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200425205122 sha: doc_id: 314109 cord_uid: wb45naw2 file: cache/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.json key: cord-314347-4dsg2sxd authors: Brondino, Natascia; Damiani, Stefano; Politi, Pierluigi title: Effective Strategies for Managing COVID-19 Emergency Restrictions for Adults with Severe ASD in a Daycare Center in Italy date: 2020-07-09 journal: Brain Sci DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070436 sha: doc_id: 314347 cord_uid: 4dsg2sxd file: cache/cord-314171-431buxxr.json key: cord-314171-431buxxr authors: Dariya, Begum; Nagaraju, Ganji Purnchandra title: Understanding novel COVID-19: its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients date: 2020-05-06 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 314171 cord_uid: 431buxxr file: cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.json key: cord-314188-q8pxpw1f authors: Bradshaw, Ralph A.; Stahl, Philip D. title: On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date: 2020-05-12 journal: FASEB Bioadv DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00023 sha: doc_id: 314188 cord_uid: q8pxpw1f file: cache/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.json key: cord-314211-tv1nhojk authors: Eltoukhy, Abdelrahman E. E.; Shaban, Ibrahim Abdelfadeel; Chan, Felix T. S.; Abdel-Aal, Mohammad A. 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R.; Zacharowski, K.; Meybohm, P. title: Patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic: a narrative review date: 2020-05-06 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15095 sha: doc_id: 314218 cord_uid: 6znw9zcz file: cache/cord-314174-7axpgwva.json key: cord-314174-7axpgwva authors: Lang, Min; Yeung, Tristan; Shepard, Joanne O.; Sharma, Amita; Petranovic, Milena; Flores, Efren J.; McLoud, Theresa C.; Som, Avik; Saini, Sanjay; Prabhakar, Anand M.; Succi, Marc; Little, Brent P. title: Operational challenges of a low-dose CT lung cancer screening program during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-26 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.045 sha: doc_id: 314174 cord_uid: 7axpgwva file: cache/cord-314423-6kuefmol.json key: cord-314423-6kuefmol authors: Experton, B.; Tetteh, H.; Lurie, N.; Walker, P.; Carroll, C.; Elena, A.; Hein, C.; Schwendiman, B.; Burrow, C. title: A Multi-Factor Risk Model for Severe Covid-19 for Vaccine Prioritization and Monitoring Based on a 15 Million Medicare Cohort date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20219816 sha: doc_id: 314423 cord_uid: 6kuefmol file: cache/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.json key: cord-314426-vwqjspfu authors: Tang, Yuanji; Serdan, Tamires D. A.; Masi, Laureane N.; Tang, Sherry; Gorjao, Renata; Hirabara, Sandro M. title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Brazil: using a mathematical model to estimate the outbreak peak and temporal evolution date: 2020-07-01 journal: Emerging microbes & infections DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785337 sha: doc_id: 314426 cord_uid: vwqjspfu file: cache/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.json key: cord-314349-rhm1ii3d authors: Kraft, Miquel; Pellino, Gianluca; Jofra, Mariona; Sorribas, Maria; Solís-Peña, Alejandro; Biondo, Sebastiano; Espín-Basany, Eloy title: Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: Surgeon DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 314349 cord_uid: rhm1ii3d file: cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.json key: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi authors: Ge, Huipeng; Wang, Xiufen; Yuan, Xiangning; Xiao, Gong; Wang, Chengzhi; Deng, Tianci; Yuan, Qiongjing; Xiao, Xiangcheng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z sha: doc_id: 314311 cord_uid: xbpb9nfi file: cache/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.json key: cord-314466-6j4vuqer authors: Kim, A. S. title: Transformed time series analysis of first-wave COVID-19: universal similarities found in the Group of Twenty (G20) Countries date: 2020-06-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128991 sha: doc_id: 314466 cord_uid: 6j4vuqer file: cache/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.json key: cord-314468-9anuq5bt authors: Billig, Jessica I.; Sears, Erika D. title: The Compounding Access Problem for Surgical Care: Innovations in the Post-COVID Era date: 2020-06-02 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004085 sha: doc_id: 314468 cord_uid: 9anuq5bt file: cache/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.json key: cord-314657-mqoqhr33 authors: Mahmud, Nadim; Hubbard, Rebecca A.; Kaplan, David E.; Serper, Marina title: Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 314657 cord_uid: mqoqhr33 file: cache/cord-314512-60dk9zma.json key: cord-314512-60dk9zma authors: Lorente, Leonardo; Gómez-Bernal, Fuensanta; Martín, María M.; Antonio Navarro-Gonzálvez, José; Argueso, Mónica; Perez, Alina; Ramos-Gómez, Luis; Solé-Violán, Jordi; Alberto Marcos y Ramos, José; Ojeda, Nazario; Jiménez, Alejandro title: Altas Concentraciones Séricas De Nitratos En Pacientes COVID-19 Fallecidos date: 2020-11-10 journal: Med Intensiva DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.10.003 sha: doc_id: 314512 cord_uid: 60dk9zma file: cache/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.json key: cord-314690-jc6cx76a authors: Guha, Avirup; Bonsu, Janice; Dey, Amit; Addison, Daniel title: Community and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with COVID-19 in the United States: Zip code level cross sectional analysis date: 2020-04-22 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.19.20071944 sha: doc_id: 314690 cord_uid: jc6cx76a file: cache/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.json key: cord-314660-ftcrf6c2 authors: Altamimi, H.; Alahmad, Y.; Khazal, F.; Elhassan, M.; AlBinali, H.; Arabi, A.; AlQahtani, A.; Asaad, N.; Al-Hijji, M.; Hamid, T.; Rafie, I.; Omrani, A. S.; AlKaabi, S.; Alkhal, A.; AlMalslmani, M.; Ali, M.; Alkhani, M.; AlNesf, M.; Abu Jalala, S.; Arafa, S.; ElSousy, R.; AlTamimi, O.; Soaly, E.; Abi khalil, C.; Al Suwaidi, J. title: The Outcome of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20156349 sha: doc_id: 314660 cord_uid: ftcrf6c2 file: cache/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.json key: cord-314810-ny4mnzqc authors: Provenzi, Livio; Baroffio, Elisa; Ligabue, Susanna; Borgatti, Renato title: The Little Professor and the Virus: Scaffolding Children’s Meaning Making During the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00817 sha: doc_id: 314810 cord_uid: ny4mnzqc file: cache/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.json key: cord-314343-u8u7nq44 authors: Sinclair, A.J.; Abdelhafiz, A.H. title: Age, frailty and diabetes – triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-23 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100343 sha: doc_id: 314343 cord_uid: u8u7nq44 file: cache/cord-314817-8ybegozg.json key: cord-314817-8ybegozg authors: Patel, Priya; Yu, Yasong; Zia, Saqib; Padberg, Frank; Curi, Michael; Huang, Joe title: Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis date: 2020-08-28 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.08.083 sha: doc_id: 314817 cord_uid: 8ybegozg file: cache/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.json key: cord-314614-rr0zckrv authors: Huang, Jing; Liu, Xiaoyan; Wu, Zhoupeng; Zhang, Lin; Yang, Xinghai title: Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department date: 2020-08-07 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021548 sha: doc_id: 314614 cord_uid: rr0zckrv file: cache/cord-314796-bek92zs9.json key: cord-314796-bek92zs9 authors: Hartung, Hans-Peter; Aktas, Orhan title: COVID-19 and management of neuroimmunological disorders date: 2020-05-22 journal: Nat Rev Neurol DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0368-9 sha: doc_id: 314796 cord_uid: bek92zs9 file: cache/cord-314843-vw8a1994.json key: cord-314843-vw8a1994 authors: Marijon, Eloi; Karam, Nicole; Jost, Daniel; Perrot, David; Frattini, Benoit; Derkenne, Clément; Sharifzadehgan, Ardalan; Waldmann, Victor; Beganton, Frankie; Narayanan, Kumar; Lafont, Antoine; Bougouin, Wulfran; Jouven, Xavier title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study date: 2020-05-27 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30117-1 sha: doc_id: 314843 cord_uid: vw8a1994 file: cache/cord-314893-6zepsday.json key: cord-314893-6zepsday authors: Ho, Quan Yao; Chung, Shimin Jasmine; Low, Shoen Choon Seng; Chen, Robert Chun; Teh, Swee Ping; Chan, Fu Zi Yvonne; Tan, Ban Hock; Kee, Terence Yi Shern title: Evaluating Potential Deceased Donor Renal Transplant Recipients for Asymptomatic COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: Transplant Direct DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001010 sha: doc_id: 314893 cord_uid: 6zepsday file: cache/cord-314874-6ey87o16.json key: cord-314874-6ey87o16 authors: Palomar-Ciria, Nora; Alonso-Álvarez, Daniel; Vázquez-Beltrán, Pilar; Blancodel Valle, Patricia title: COMMENTARY TO “SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM”, AN UPDATE date: 2020-11-04 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113555 sha: doc_id: 314874 cord_uid: 6ey87o16 file: cache/cord-314921-u74jut63.json key: cord-314921-u74jut63 authors: LeVine, Shankar; Dhakal, Guru Prasad; Penjor, Tshering; Chuki, Pem; Namgyal, Kesang; Tshokey,; Watts, Melanie title: Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan date: 2020-04-20 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0259 sha: doc_id: 314921 cord_uid: u74jut63 file: cache/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.json key: cord-314711-c6rqv4zd authors: Pan, Jinhua; Yao, Ye; Liu, Zhixi; Meng, Xia; Ji, John S.; Qiu, Yang; Wang, Weidong; Zhang, Lina; Wang, Weibing; Kan, Haidong title: Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries date: 2020-09-09 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142272 sha: doc_id: 314711 cord_uid: c6rqv4zd file: cache/cord-314826-usfvulc2.json key: cord-314826-usfvulc2 authors: Sharifipour, Ehsan; Shams, Saeed; Esmkhani, Mohammad; Khodadadi, Javad; Fotouhi-Ardakani, Reza; Koohpaei, Alireza; Doosti, Zahra; EJ Golzari, Samad title: Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date: 2020-09-01 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z sha: doc_id: 314826 cord_uid: usfvulc2 file: cache/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.json key: cord-314948-7tnrfk24 authors: Borrás, A; Guimerà, M; Barral, Y; Agustí, I; Manau, D title: Pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 y reproducción asistida date: 2020-06-19 journal: Clin Invest Ginecol Obstet DOI: 10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 314948 cord_uid: 7tnrfk24 file: cache/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.json key: cord-314719-qi8gilkr authors: Dawson, David L.; Golijani-Moghaddam, Nima title: COVID-19: Psychological Flexibility, Coping, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic date: 2020-07-30 journal: J Contextual Behav Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.010 sha: doc_id: 314719 cord_uid: qi8gilkr file: cache/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.json key: cord-314829-tmgmqtjq authors: Scohy, Anaïs; Anantharajah, Ahalieyah; Bodéus, Monique; Kabamba-Mukadi, Benoît; Verroken, Alexia; Rodriguez-Villalobos, Hector title: Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104455 sha: doc_id: 314829 cord_uid: tmgmqtjq file: cache/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.json key: cord-314736-jqgyln7b authors: George, Ciju K.; Varghese, Bipin T.; Divya, G.M.; Janardhan, Deepak; Thomas, Shaji title: Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 Pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit date: 2020-05-08 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104784 sha: doc_id: 314736 cord_uid: jqgyln7b file: cache/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.json key: cord-314837-5nnlyavp authors: Verhagen, Mark D.; Brazel, David M.; Dowd, Jennifer Beam; Kashnitsky, Ilya; Mills, Melinda C. title: Forecasting spatial, socioeconomic and demographic variation in COVID-19 health care demand in England and Wales date: 2020-06-29 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01646-2 sha: doc_id: 314837 cord_uid: 5nnlyavp file: cache/cord-314849-owqq0lev.json key: cord-314849-owqq0lev authors: Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D.; Mpesiana, Tzani A. title: Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-03 journal: Phys Eng Sci Med DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00865-4 sha: doc_id: 314849 cord_uid: owqq0lev file: cache/cord-315129-p31vm79o.json key: cord-315129-p31vm79o authors: Bock, Jens-Ole; Ortea, Ignacio title: Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response date: 2020-06-23 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103524 sha: doc_id: 315129 cord_uid: p31vm79o file: cache/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.json key: cord-314767-iyvsxfsa authors: Held, Michael B.; Boddapati, Venkat; Kaidi, Austin C.; Trofa, David P.; Neuwirth, Alexander L. title: Response to letter to the editor on “Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.” date: 2020-09-11 journal: Arthroplast Today DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 314767 cord_uid: iyvsxfsa file: cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.json key: cord-315001-1ui27pkc authors: Peterson, Nicholas; Sagdeo, Kaustubh; Tyungu, Donna; Harper, Cristin; Mihaylo, Kyle; Pollak-Christian, Elza title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Case Rep Pediatr DOI: 10.1155/2020/8880242 sha: doc_id: 315001 cord_uid: 1ui27pkc file: cache/cord-314884-110nqkej.json key: cord-314884-110nqkej authors: Lansiaux, Édouard; Pébaÿ, Philippe P.; Picard, Jean-Laurent; Son-Forget, Joachim title: Covid-19 And Vit-D: Disease Mortality Negatively Correlates With Sunlight Exposure date: 2020-07-23 journal: Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100362 sha: doc_id: 314884 cord_uid: 110nqkej file: cache/cord-314733-fyximykl.json key: cord-314733-fyximykl authors: Butu, Alina; Brumă, Ioan Sebastian; Tanasă, Lucian; Rodino, Steliana; Dinu Vasiliu, Codrin; Doboș, Sebastian; Butu, Marian title: The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania date: 2020-07-29 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155485 sha: doc_id: 314733 cord_uid: fyximykl file: cache/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.json key: cord-315006-w2wsaan5 authors: Abdoli, Amir title: Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-27 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.272 sha: doc_id: 315006 cord_uid: w2wsaan5 file: cache/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.json key: cord-314942-eym2rh8v authors: El Tabaa, Manar Mohammed; El Tabaa, Maram Mohammed title: New putative insights into neprilysin (NEP)-dependent pharmacotherapeutic role of roflumilast in treating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Eur J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173615 sha: doc_id: 314942 cord_uid: eym2rh8v file: cache/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.json key: cord-315056-ohyb6oa0 authors: Xu, Juanjuan; Yin, Zhengrong; Liu, Yu; Wang, Sufei; Duan, Limin; An, Yi; Fan, Jinshuo; Liao, Tingting; Jin, Yang; Chen, Jianguo title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset date: 2020-10-29 journal: Engineering (Beijing) DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 315056 cord_uid: ohyb6oa0 file: cache/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.json key: cord-314889-lo3kkrfp authors: Magrini, Stefano Maria; Katz, Matthew S.; Tomasini, Davide; Sasso, Giuseppe; Triggiani, Luca; di Monale e Bastia, Michela Buglione; Spiazzi, Luigi title: Letter to the editor regarding “lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable” date: 2020-07-01 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.034 sha: doc_id: 314889 cord_uid: lo3kkrfp file: cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.json key: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n authors: Escher, Felicitas; Pietsch, Heiko; Aleshcheva, Ganna; Bock, Thomas; Baumeier, Christian; Elsaesser, Albrecht; Wenzel, Philip; Hamm, Christian; Westenfeld, Ralph; Schultheiss, Maximilian; Gross, Ulrich; Morawietz, Lars; Schultheiss, Heinz‐Peter title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 journal: ESC Heart Fail DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12805 sha: doc_id: 315064 cord_uid: 2mgv9j6n file: cache/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.json key: cord-315166-ga6e3lqp authors: Isoletta, Eugenio; Vassallo, Camilla; Brazzelli, Valeria; Giorgini, Chiara; Tomasini, Carlo Francesco; Sabena, Anna; Perlini, Stefano; De Silvestri, Annalisa; Barruscotti, Stefania title: Emergency accesses in Dermatology Department during the Covid‐19 pandemic in a referral third level center in the north of Italy date: 2020-07-18 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14027 sha: doc_id: 315166 cord_uid: ga6e3lqp file: cache/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.json key: cord-315116-u7btx7nt authors: Cabrera-Tasayco, Fiorella del Pilar; Rivera-Carhuavilca, Juana Mercedes; Atoche-Socola, Katherine Joselyn; Peña-Soto, Claudio; Arriola-Guillén, Luis Ernesto title: Biosafety Measures at the Dental Office After the Appearance of COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-27 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.269 sha: doc_id: 315116 cord_uid: u7btx7nt file: cache/cord-315152-v3l33up6.json key: cord-315152-v3l33up6 authors: Figlerowicz, Magdalena; Mania, Anna; Lubarski, Karol; Lewandowska, Zuzanna; Służewski, Wojciech; Derwich, Katarzyna; Wachowiak, Jacek; Mazur-Melewska, Katarzyna title: First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia date: 2020-07-01 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102866 sha: doc_id: 315152 cord_uid: v3l33up6 file: cache/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.json key: cord-315058-t7bq4yqw authors: Brand, Samuel P C; Aziza, Rabia; Kombe, Ivy K; Agoti, Charles N; Hilton, Joe; Rock, Kat S; Parisi, Andrea; Nokes, D James; Keeling, Matt; Barasa, Edwine title: Forecasting the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059865 sha: doc_id: 315058 cord_uid: t7bq4yqw file: cache/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.json key: cord-315209-xpzqd0wk authors: Kabamba Nzaji, Michel; Ngoie Mwamba, Guillaume; Mbidi Miema, Judith; Kilolo Ngoy Umba, Elie; Kangulu, Ignace Bwana; Banza Ndala, Deca Blood; Ciamala Mukendi, Paul; Kabila Mutombo, Denis; Balela Kabasu, Marie Claire; Kanyki Katala, Moise; Kabunda Mbala, John; Luboya Numbi, Oscar title: Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Multidiscip Healthc DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s274944 sha: doc_id: 315209 cord_uid: xpzqd0wk file: cache/cord-315246-b477kabe.json key: cord-315246-b477kabe authors: Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn? date: 2020-05-09 journal: Dent J (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/dj8020046 sha: doc_id: 315246 cord_uid: b477kabe file: cache/cord-315149-71bmj5il.json key: cord-315149-71bmj5il authors: Caballero Bermejo, Antonio F.; Ruiz-Antorán, Belén; Fernández Cruz, Ana; Diago Sempere, Elena; Callejas Díaz, Alejandro; Múñez Rubio, Elena; Avendaño-Solá, Cristina; Ramos Martínez, Antonio; Sancho López, Aránzazu title: Sarilumab versus standard of care for the early treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients: SARTRE: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-09-16 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04633-3 sha: doc_id: 315149 cord_uid: 71bmj5il file: cache/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.json key: cord-315247-86ibo5gn authors: Ćosić, Krešimir; Popović, Siniša; Šarlija, Marko; Kesedžić, Ivan; Jovanovic, Tanja title: Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers date: 2020-06-17 journal: Croat Med J DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.279 sha: doc_id: 315247 cord_uid: 86ibo5gn file: cache/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.json key: cord-315159-c9n8cro3 authors: Soni, Vivek Kumar; Mehta, Arundhati; Shukla, Dhananjay; Kumar, Sujeet; Vishvakarma, Naveen Kumar title: Fight COVID-19 depression with immunity booster: Curcumin for psychoneuroimmunomodulation date: 2020-09-01 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102378 sha: doc_id: 315159 cord_uid: c9n8cro3 file: cache/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.json key: cord-315321-kax4gqhc authors: Laplana, M.; Yuguero, O.; Fibla, J. title: Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients date: 2020-09-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20158121 sha: doc_id: 315321 cord_uid: kax4gqhc file: cache/cord-315157-2p45frlk.json key: cord-315157-2p45frlk authors: Donell, Simon T.; Thaler, Martin; Budhiparama, Nicolaas C.; Buttaro, Martin A.; Chen, Antonia F.; Diaz-Ledezma, Claudio; Gomberg, Bruce; Hirschmann, Michael T.; Karachalios, Theofilos; Karpukhin, Alexey; Sandiford, Nemandra Amir; Shao, Hongyi; Tandogan, Reha; Violante, Bruno; Zagra, Luigi; Kort, Nanne P. title: Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations date: 2020-08-17 journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06213-z sha: doc_id: 315157 cord_uid: 2p45frlk file: cache/cord-315424-i3nnennw.json key: cord-315424-i3nnennw authors: Willer, Brittany L.; Thung, Arlyne K.; Corridore, Marco; D’Mello, Ajay J.; Schloss, Brian S.; Malhotra, Prashant S.; Walz, Patrick C.; Elmaraghy, Charles A.; Tobias, Joseph D.; Jatana, Kris R.; Raman, Vidya T. title: The otolaryngologist’s and anesthesiologist’s collaborative role in a pandemic: a large quaternary pediatric center’s experience with COVID-19 preparation and simulation date: 2020-06-10 journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110174 sha: doc_id: 315424 cord_uid: i3nnennw file: cache/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.json key: cord-315181-emf4i6ir authors: Ryoo, Nayoung; Pyun, Jung-Min; Baek, Min Jae; Suh, Jeewon; Kang, Min Ju; Wang, Min Jeong; Youn, Young Chul; Yang, Dong Won; Kim, Seong Yoon; Park, Young Ho; Kim, SangYun title: Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383 sha: doc_id: 315181 cord_uid: emf4i6ir file: cache/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.json key: cord-315188-a9pvugjt authors: Choi, Min Hyuk; Ahn, Hyunmin; Ryu, Han Seok; Kim, Byung-Jun; Jang, Joonyong; Jung, Moonki; Kim, Jinuoung; Jeong, Seok Hoon title: Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea date: 2020-06-23 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061959 sha: doc_id: 315188 cord_uid: a9pvugjt file: cache/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.json key: cord-315287-vut5ayc2 authors: Otto, Catherine M title: Heartbeat: Heart disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317674 sha: doc_id: 315287 cord_uid: vut5ayc2 file: cache/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.json key: cord-315278-iv2zj67t authors: Moazzam, Zorays; Salim, Areej; Ashraf, Alina; Jehan, Fyezah; Arshad, Muhammad title: Intussusception in an infant as a manifestation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Pediatr Surg Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101533 sha: doc_id: 315278 cord_uid: iv2zj67t file: cache/cord-315176-xafk1flg.json key: cord-315176-xafk1flg authors: Sang, Hao; Cui, Yan; Lai, Xiaobin; Zhang, Yuyan; Kong, Lingna; Jiang, Xiaoli; Liu, Hui; Zhang, Jie; Ye, Jun; Gu, Wenchao; Fang, Chenfei; Zhang, Huansheng title: A familial cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by one family member during his asymptomatic incubation period date: 2020-07-10 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa098 sha: doc_id: 315176 cord_uid: xafk1flg file: cache/cord-315308-gk768lwy.json key: cord-315308-gk768lwy authors: Gaughan, C.; Ayoubkhani, D.; Nafilyan, V.; Goldblatt, P.; White, C.; Tingay, K.; Bannister, N. title: Religious affiliation and the risk of COVID 19 related mortality; a retrospective analysis of variation in pre and post lockdown risk by religious group in England and Wales. date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.01.20204495 sha: doc_id: 315308 cord_uid: gk768lwy file: cache/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.json key: cord-315367-e0frkhe6 authors: Du, Houwei; Pan, Xiaobin; Liu, Nan; Chen, Junnian; Chen, Xiaoling; Werring, David J.; Ambler, Gareth; Li, Xiaoqing; Chen, Ronghua; Zhang, Yixian; Huang, Huayao; Lin, Feifei; Xia, Pincang; Chen, Chao; Zheng, Zhenyang; Wu, Sangru; Lei, Hanhan; Gao, Lei; Huang, Mingxu; Lin, Kexu; Xu, Xiaoping; Luo, Yukun; Zhao, Ziwen; Li, Chen; Lin, Hailong; Lin, Yu; Huang, Zhenghui; Cao, Rongxiang; Chen, Limin title: The effect of vascular risk factor burden on the severity of COVID-19 illness, a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-21 journal: Respir Res DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01510-0 sha: doc_id: 315367 cord_uid: e0frkhe6 file: cache/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.json key: cord-315297-o8mwmjql authors: Stephens, Elizabeth H.; Dearani, Joseph A.; Guleserian, Kristine J.; Overman, David M.; Tweddell, James S.; Backer, Carl L.; Romano, Jennifer C.; Bacha, Emile title: COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery date: 2020-04-14 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 315297 cord_uid: o8mwmjql file: cache/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.json key: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj authors: Ribeiro, Haroldo V.; Sunahara, Andre S.; Sutton, Jack; Perc, Matjaž; Hanley, Quentin S. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239699 sha: doc_id: 315343 cord_uid: ywgoqlxj file: cache/cord-315411-11mq8wll.json key: cord-315411-11mq8wll authors: Rahman, Mohammad Azizur; Islam, Kamrul; Rahman, Saidur; Alamin, Md title: Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease date: 2020-10-19 journal: Mol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02177-w sha: doc_id: 315411 cord_uid: 11mq8wll file: cache/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.json key: cord-315569-e56c5g8h authors: Aminian, Ali; Kermansaravi, Mohammad; Azizi, Shahriar; Alibeigi, Peyman; Safamanesh, Sina; Mousavimaleki, Ali; Rezaei, Mohammad Taghi; Faridi, Maziar; Mokhber, Somayeh; Pazouki, Abdolreza; Safari, Saeed title: Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-20 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04617-x sha: doc_id: 315569 cord_uid: e56c5g8h file: cache/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.json key: cord-315440-he7sm7nj authors: Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse; Azene, Abebaw Gedef; Bantie, Getasew Mulat; Dessie, Getenet; Aragaw, Abiba Mihret title: Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-11 journal: Curr Ther Res Clin Exp DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100607 sha: doc_id: 315440 cord_uid: he7sm7nj file: cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.json key: cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 authors: Kessler, Remi A.; Zimering, Jeffrey; Gilligan, Jeffrey; Rothrock, Robert; McNeill, Ian; Shrivastava, Raj K.; Caridi, John; Bederson, Joshua; Hadjipanayis, Constantinos G. title: Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date: 2020-05-05 journal: J Neurooncol DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03523-7 sha: doc_id: 315490 cord_uid: xs5v3uc3 file: cache/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.json key: cord-315457-w1nx9g91 authors: Siedner, Mark J; Gandhi, Rajesh T; Kim, Arthur Y title: Desperate times call for temperate measures: practicing infectious diseases during a novel pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa209 sha: doc_id: 315457 cord_uid: w1nx9g91 file: cache/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.json key: cord-315428-uiezqa4p authors: Tessler, Hannah; Choi, Meera; Kao, Grace title: The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Am J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09541-5 sha: doc_id: 315428 cord_uid: uiezqa4p file: cache/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.json key: cord-315465-u3zq9k5j authors: de Jesus, Myrela Conceição Santos; Lima, Alexandra Giovanna Aragão; Santos, Victor Santana; Storti-Melo, Luciane Moreno; de Moura, Tatiana Rodrigues; dos Santos, Rafaela Windy Farias; dos Santos, Cliomar Alves; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo; Cuevas, Luis Eduardo; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz title: Family COVID-19 cluster analysis of an infant without respiratory symptoms date: 2020-08-26 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0494-2020 sha: doc_id: 315465 cord_uid: u3zq9k5j file: cache/cord-315310-j739aqso.json key: cord-315310-j739aqso authors: Farhoudian, A.; Radfar, S. R.; Mohaddes Ardabili, H.; rafei, p.; ebrahimy, m.; Khojasteh zonoozi, A.; A J De Jong, C.; vahidi, m.; yunesian, m.; Kouimtsidis, C.; arunogiri, s.; hansen, h.; Brady, k. T.; potenza, m. N.; ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium,; Baldacchino, A. M.; Ekhtiari, H. title: A global survey on changes in the supply, price and use of illicit drugs and alcohol, and related complications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155341 sha: doc_id: 315310 cord_uid: j739aqso file: cache/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.json key: cord-315556-84rgd2s9 authors: Pilotto, A.; Odolini, S.; Masciocchi, S.; Comelli, A.; Volonghi, I.; Gazzina, S.; Nocivelli, S.; Pezzini, A.; Foca', E.; Caruso, A.; Leonardi, M.; Pasolini, M. P.; Gasparotti, R.; Castelli, F.; Padovani, A. title: Steroid-responsive severe encephalopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.12.20062646 sha: doc_id: 315556 cord_uid: 84rgd2s9 file: cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.json key: cord-315358-22srds0e authors: Kovacs, George; Sowers, Nicholas; Campbell, Samuel; French, James; Atkinson, Paul title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.353 sha: doc_id: 315358 cord_uid: 22srds0e file: cache/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.json key: cord-315498-gpzee1f2 authors: Parkinson, N.; Rodgers, N.; Head Fourman, M.; Wang, B.; Zechner, M.; Swets, M.; Millar, J. E.; Law, A.; Russell, C.; Baillie, J. K.; Clohisey, S. title: Systematic review and meta-analysis identifies potential host therapeutic targets in COVID-19. date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20182238 sha: doc_id: 315498 cord_uid: gpzee1f2 file: cache/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.json key: cord-315414-aipfn5hi authors: Antonio, Silverii Giovanni; Matteo, Monami; Achille, Cernigliaro; Enrica, Vigneri; Valentina, Guarnotta; Salvatore, Scondotto; Vincenza, Allotta Alessandra; Michela, Conti; Carla, Giordano; Edoardo, Mannucci title: Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily date: 2020-10-01 journal: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.028 sha: doc_id: 315414 cord_uid: aipfn5hi file: cache/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.json key: cord-315462-u2dj79yw authors: Hewitt, Judith A.; Lutz, Cathleen; Florence, William C.; Pitt, M. Louise M.; Rao, Srinivas; Rappaport, Jay; Haigwood, Nancy L. title: ACTIVating Resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic: In vivo Models for Vaccines and Therapeutics date: 2020-10-01 journal: Cell Host Microbe DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 315462 cord_uid: u2dj79yw file: cache/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.json key: cord-315508-8bcpxo02 authors: Sperotto, Francesca; Friedman, Kevin G.; Son, Mary Beth F.; VanderPluym, Christina J.; Newburger, Jane W.; Dionne, Audrey title: Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach date: 2020-08-15 journal: Eur J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03766-6 sha: doc_id: 315508 cord_uid: 8bcpxo02 file: cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.json key: cord-315609-naqo1m0r authors: Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee; Kasbekar, Anand V.; Baguley, David M. title: Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date: 2020-05-29 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00252 sha: doc_id: 315609 cord_uid: naqo1m0r file: cache/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.json key: cord-315303-cxu5pt5r authors: van Gerwen, Maaike; Alsen, Mathilda; Little, Christine; Barlow, Joshua; Genden, Eric; Naymagon, Leonard; Tremblay, Douglas title: Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-24 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26337 sha: doc_id: 315303 cord_uid: cxu5pt5r file: cache/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.json key: cord-315453-mbv8vb2r authors: Jean, Shio-Shin; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Expert review of anti-infective therapy DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1771181 sha: doc_id: 315453 cord_uid: mbv8vb2r file: cache/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.json key: cord-315519-f4vwix3q authors: Antony, Suresh J.; Singh, Joya; de Jesus, Mikhail; Lance, Jessalyn title: Early Use of Tocilizumab in Respiratory Failure Associated with Acute COVID -19 Pneumonia in Recipients with Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2020-06-26 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00888 sha: doc_id: 315519 cord_uid: f4vwix3q file: cache/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.json key: cord-315574-jq1p5t8w authors: Copland, Michael; Hemmett, Juliya; MacRae, Jennifer M.; McCormick, Brendan; McCormick, Michael; Qirjazi, Elena; Singh, Rajinder S.; Zimmerman, Deborah title: Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations date: 2020-05-29 journal: Can J Kidney Health Dis DOI: 10.1177/2054358120928153 sha: doc_id: 315574 cord_uid: jq1p5t8w file: cache/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.json key: cord-315585-bjij8ds7 authors: Wee, Liang En; Hsieh, Jenny Yi Chen; Phua, Ghee Chee; Tan, Yuyang; Conceicao, Edwin Philip; Wijaya, Limin; Tan, Thuan Tong; Tan, Ban Hock title: Respiratory surveillance wards as a strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 through early detection: The experience of a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore date: 2020-05-08 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.207 sha: doc_id: 315585 cord_uid: bjij8ds7 file: cache/cord-315624-57kzulqv.json key: cord-315624-57kzulqv authors: Storopoli, Jose; Mesch, Gustavo S. title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-27 journal: Soc Sci Med DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113477 sha: doc_id: 315624 cord_uid: 57kzulqv file: cache/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.json key: cord-315587-jelh8o3v authors: Dye, C.; Cheng, R. C. H.; Dagpunar, J. S.; Williams, B. G. title: The scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics across Europe date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20131144 sha: doc_id: 315587 cord_uid: jelh8o3v file: cache/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.json key: cord-315576-bgcqkz0p authors: Yamamoto, Naoki; Bauer, Georg title: Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation date: 2020-08-05 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110160 sha: doc_id: 315576 cord_uid: bgcqkz0p file: cache/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.json key: cord-315486-pjb5v1tc authors: Wu, Xiaojun; Wang, Tong; Zhou, Yilu; Liu, Xiaofan; Zhou, Hong; Lu, Yang; Tan, Weijun; Yuan, Mingli; Ding, Xuhong; Zou, Jinjing; Li, Ruiyun; Liu, Hailing; Ewing, Rob M.; Hu, Yi; Nie, Hanxiang; Wang, Yihua title: Different Laboratory Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes date: 2020-09-30 journal: Virol Sin DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00296-1 sha: doc_id: 315486 cord_uid: pjb5v1tc file: cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.json key: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 authors: Penman, Sophie L.; Kiy, Robyn T.; Jensen, Rebecca L.; Beoku‐Betts, Christopher; Alfirevic, Ana; Back, David; Khoo, Saye H.; Owen, Andrew; Pirmohamed, Munir; Park, B. Kevin; Meng, Xiaoli; Goldring, Christopher E.; Chadwick, Amy E. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15204 sha: doc_id: 315730 cord_uid: fzgxuak7 file: cache/cord-315656-asvf4roo.json key: cord-315656-asvf4roo authors: Wu, Junjiao; Tang, Yu title: Revisiting the Immune Balance Theory: A Neurological Insight Into the Epidemic of COVID-19 and Its Alike date: 2020-10-15 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.566680 sha: doc_id: 315656 cord_uid: asvf4roo file: cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.json key: cord-315864-zadogqiu authors: Davido, Benjamin; Boussaid, Ghilas; Vaugier, Isabelle; Lansaman, Thibaud; Bouchand, Frédérique; Lawrence, Christine; Alvarez, Jean-Claude; Moine, Pierre; Perronne, Véronique; Barbot, Frédéric; Saleh-Mghir, Azzam; Perronne, Christian; Annane, Djillali; De Truchis, Pierre title: nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date: 2020-08-02 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 sha: doc_id: 315864 cord_uid: zadogqiu file: cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.json key: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb authors: Wang, Yu; Tian, Huaiyu; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Man; Guo, Dandan; Wu, Wenting; Zhang, Xingxing; Kan, Ge Lin; Jia, Lei; Huo, Da; Liu, Baiwei; Wang, Xiaoli; Sun, Ying; Wang, Quanyi; Yang, Peng; MacIntyre, C. Raina title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 sha: doc_id: 315744 cord_uid: nr0fu2qb file: cache/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.json key: cord-315772-jt3vjsqe authors: Kivi, Marie; Hansson, Isabelle; Bjälkebring, Pär title: Up and about: Older adults’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish longitudinal study date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa084 sha: doc_id: 315772 cord_uid: jt3vjsqe file: cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.json key: cord-315681-p3j8kt80 authors: Wiley, Lindsay F title: Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa019 sha: doc_id: 315681 cord_uid: p3j8kt80 file: cache/cord-315693-w60craan.json key: cord-315693-w60craan authors: del Pilar Estevez-Diz, Maria; Bonadio, Renata Colombo; Miranda, Vanessa Costa; Carvalho, Jesus Paula title: Management of cervical cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenge for developing countries date: 2020-06-17 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1060 sha: doc_id: 315693 cord_uid: w60craan file: cache/cord-315696-43wmazxa.json key: cord-315696-43wmazxa authors: Marinaki, Smaragdi; Tsiakas, Stathis; Korogiannou, Maria; Grigorakos, Konstantinos; Papalois, Vassilios; Boletis, Ioannis title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients’ Lives and Allografts date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092986 sha: doc_id: 315696 cord_uid: 43wmazxa file: cache/cord-315827-biur1xn4.json key: cord-315827-biur1xn4 authors: Zickfeld, Janis H.; Schubert, Thomas W.; Herting, Anders Kuvaas; Grahe, Jon; Faasse, Kate title: Correlates of Health-Protective Behavior During the Initial Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Norway date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564083 sha: doc_id: 315827 cord_uid: biur1xn4 file: cache/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.json key: cord-315634-fkm6slkc authors: Jouffroy, Romain; Kedzierewicz, Romain; Derkenne, Clement; Bertho, Kilian; Scannavino, Marine; Frattini, Benoit; Lemoine, Frederic; Jost, Daniel; Prunet, Bertrand title: Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-20 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093025 sha: doc_id: 315634 cord_uid: fkm6slkc file: cache/cord-315735-0a49okho.json key: cord-315735-0a49okho authors: Matrajt, Laura; Leung, Tiffany title: Evaluating the effectiveness of social distancing interventions against COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.27.20044891 sha: doc_id: 315735 cord_uid: 0a49okho file: cache/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.json key: cord-315756-g6g34uvh authors: Danchin, A.; TURINICI, G. title: Immunity after COVID-19: protection or sensitization ? date: 2020-05-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20108860 sha: doc_id: 315756 cord_uid: g6g34uvh file: cache/cord-315849-e16lln3f.json key: cord-315849-e16lln3f authors: Takayama, Kazuo title: In vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 research date: 2020-05-30 journal: Trends Pharmacol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 315849 cord_uid: e16lln3f file: cache/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.json key: cord-315961-rnzy0wlr authors: Fang, Nancy Z.; Castaño, Paula M.; Davis, Anne title: A hospital-based COVID-19 abortion case in the early phase of the pandemic() date: 2020-05-19 journal: Contraception DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 315961 cord_uid: rnzy0wlr file: cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.json key: cord-316006-t080mykk authors: Kong, Dechuan; Wang, Yuanping; Lu, Lu; Wu, Huanyu; Ye, Chuchu; Wagner, Abram L.; Yang, Jixing; Zheng, Yaxu; Gong, Xiaohuan; Zhu, Yiyi; Jin, Bihong; Xiao, Wenjia; Mao, Shenghua; Jiang, Chenyan; Lin, Sheng; Han, Ruobing; Yu, Xiao; Cui, Peng; Fang, Qiwen; Lu, Yihan; Pan, Hao title: Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date: 2020-07-27 journal: Transbound Emerg Dis DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13729 sha: doc_id: 316006 cord_uid: t080mykk file: cache/cord-315952-gh002ldb.json key: cord-315952-gh002ldb authors: Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh; Ramezani, Mohammad Arash title: Iranian Emotional Experience and Expression During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-07 journal: Asia Pac J Public Health DOI: 10.1177/1010539520937097 sha: doc_id: 315952 cord_uid: gh002ldb file: cache/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.json key: cord-315685-ute3dxwu authors: Ehaideb, Salleh N.; Abdullah, Mashan L.; Abuyassin, Bisher; Bouchama, Abderrezak title: Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review date: 2020-10-06 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03304-8 sha: doc_id: 315685 cord_uid: ute3dxwu file: cache/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.json key: cord-315930-1vgb2mk0 authors: Andrianopoulos, Ioannis; Papathanasiou, Athanasios; Papathanakos, Georgios; Chaidos, Aristeidis; Koulouras, Vasilios title: Tocilizumab's efficacy in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is determined by the presence of cytokine storm date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26209 sha: doc_id: 315930 cord_uid: 1vgb2mk0 file: cache/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.json key: cord-316058-eh4m5jqz authors: Long, Li; Zeng, Xiansheng; Zhang, Xu; Xiao, Wei; Guo, E.; Zhan, Wenzhi; Yang, Xuejiao; Li, Chunyan; Wu, Caiyun; Xu, Tingting; Zhan, Chen; Chen, Yuehan; Jiang, Mei; Zhong, Nanshan; Lai, Kefang title: Short-term Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Risk Factors for Progression date: 2020-04-20 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00990-2020 sha: doc_id: 316058 cord_uid: eh4m5jqz file: cache/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.json key: cord-315959-glaaaqbt authors: Santos Leite Pessoa, Mariana; Franco Costa Lima, Carla; Farias Pimentel, Ana Carla; Godeiro Costa, José Carlos; Bezerra Holanda, Jorge Luis title: Multisystemic Infarctions in COVID-19: Focus on the Spleen date: 2020-06-03 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001747 sha: doc_id: 315959 cord_uid: glaaaqbt file: cache/cord-315970-m5o962yw.json key: cord-315970-m5o962yw authors: Di Ciaula, Agostino; Palmieri, Vincenzo O.; Migliore, Giovanni; Portincasa, Piero title: COVID‐19, internists and resilience: the north‐south Italy outbreak. date: 2020-06-01 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13299 sha: doc_id: 315970 cord_uid: m5o962yw file: cache/cord-316065-fn64o0id.json key: cord-316065-fn64o0id authors: Kotian, Rahul P; Faujdar, Disha; Kotian, Sneha P; D’souza, Brayal title: Knowledge and understanding among medical imaging professionals in India during the rapid rise of the covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: Health Technol (Berl) DOI: 10.1007/s12553-020-00437-2 sha: doc_id: 316065 cord_uid: fn64o0id file: cache/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.json key: cord-316047-d9cpe9yl authors: Gonzalez, T.; de la Rubia, M. A.; Hincz, K. P.; Comas-Lopez, M.; Subirats, Laia; Fort, Santi; Sacha, G. M. title: Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education date: 2020-10-09 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239490 sha: doc_id: 316047 cord_uid: d9cpe9yl file: cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.json key: cord-315991-uecdbanf authors: Hughes, David; Saw, Richard; Perera, Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage; Mooney, Mathew; Wallett, Alice; Cooke, Jennifer; Coatsworth, Nick; Broderick, Carolyn title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Sci Med Sport DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 315991 cord_uid: uecdbanf file: cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.json key: cord-316029-z708c3ex authors: Brunsdon, Priya; Saluja, Bhawana; Sahajwalla, Chandrahas title: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 journal: J Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1697 sha: doc_id: 316029 cord_uid: z708c3ex file: cache/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.json key: cord-315920-9p6ar3cr authors: Quigley, Denise D.; Dick, Andrew; Agarwal, Mansi; Jones, Karen M.; Mody, Lona; Stone, Patricia W. title: COVID‐19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16520 sha: doc_id: 315920 cord_uid: 9p6ar3cr file: cache/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.json key: cord-315886-f4ofmdcm authors: Karim, A.; Akter, M.; Mazid, A. T.; Pulock, O. S.; Aziz, T. T.; Hayee, S.; Tamanna, N.; Chuwdhury, G.; Haque, A.; Yeasmin, F.; Mitu, M. A.; Rashid, H.; Kuri, A. K.; Das, A.; Majumder, K.; Barua, D.; Rahaman, M. M.; Akter, S.; Munia, N. N.; Sultana, J.; Usaila, F.; Sifat, S.; Nourin, N. A.; Uddin, M. F.; Bhowmik, M.; Ahammed, T.; Sharik, N.; Mehnaz, Q.; Bhuiyan, M. N. H.; Banu, T. title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497 sha: doc_id: 315886 cord_uid: f4ofmdcm file: cache/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.json key: cord-316095-jzyb4jn5 authors: Falahchai, Mehran; Babaee Hemmati, Yasamin; Hasanzade, Mahya title: Dental care management during the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-09-19 journal: Spec Care Dentist DOI: 10.1111/scd.12523 sha: doc_id: 316095 cord_uid: jzyb4jn5 file: cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.json key: cord-315598-qwh72inx authors: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini; Estrada, Victor Hugo Nieto; López, Nelly Beltrán; Bolaños, Elisabeth Ramos; Franco, Daniel Molano; Castell, Carmelo Dueñas; Moreno, Albert Alexander Valencia; Amaya, Iván Camilo Alarcón; Flórez, John Serna; Valencia, Bladimir Alejandro Gil; Camilo Pizarro, G; Polo, Yulieth María Zabaleta; Meza, Carmen Lucia Chica title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 315598 cord_uid: qwh72inx file: cache/cord-316135-kevyw19w.json key: cord-316135-kevyw19w authors: Nikoupour, Hamed; Kazemi, Kourosh; Arasteh, Peyman; Ghazimoghadam, Saba; Eghlimi, Hesameddin; Dara, Naghi; Gholami, Siavash; Nikeghbalian, Saman title: Pediatric liver transplantation and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-06 journal: BMC Surg DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00878-6 sha: doc_id: 316135 cord_uid: kevyw19w file: cache/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.json key: cord-316137-6zdxfv8v authors: Wang, Yuanyuan; Liu, Yuntao; Lv, Qingquan; Zheng, Danwen; Zhou, Li; Ouyang, Wenwei; Ding, Banghan; Zou, Xu; Yan, Fang; Liu, Bo; Chen, Jun; Liu, Tianzhu; Fu, Chicheng; Fang, Qu; Wang, Yi; Li, Fang; Chen, Ailan; Lundborg, Cecilia Stålsby; Guo, Jianwen; Wen, Zehuai; Zhang, Zhongde title: Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching date: 2020-11-05 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153404 sha: doc_id: 316137 cord_uid: 6zdxfv8v file: cache/cord-316118-ph582weg.json key: cord-316118-ph582weg authors: Frajkova, Zofia; Tedla, Miroslav; Tedlova, Eva; Suchankova, Magda; Geneid, Ahmed title: Postintubation Dysphagia During COVID-19 Outbreak-Contemporary Review date: 2020-05-28 journal: Dysphagia DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10139-6 sha: doc_id: 316118 cord_uid: ph582weg file: cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.json key: cord-316117-o29773cz authors: Menzella, Francesco; Biava, Mirella; Barbieri, Chiara; Livrieri, Francesco; Facciolongo, Nicola title: Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date: 2020-05-19 journal: Drugs Context DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-6 sha: doc_id: 316117 cord_uid: o29773cz file: cache/cord-316100-15zj660u.json key: cord-316100-15zj660u authors: Issitt, R.; Booth, J.; Bryant, W.; Spiridou, A.; Taylor, A.; DuPre, P.; Ramnarayan, P.; Hartley, J.; Cortino Borja, M.; Moshal, K.; Dunn, H.; Hemingway, H.; Sebire, N. title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in children at a specialist centre: outcome and implications of underlying high-risk comorbidities in a paediatric population date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107904 sha: doc_id: 316100 cord_uid: 15zj660u file: cache/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.json key: cord-316080-y6ypbdtu authors: Fajnzylber, J. M.; Regan, J.; Coxen, K.; Corry, H.; Wong, C.; Rosenthal, A.; Worrall, D.; Giguel, F.; Piechocka-Trocha, A.; Atyeo, C.; Fischinger, S.; Chan, A.; Flaherty, K. T.; Hall, K.; Dougan, M.; Ryan, E. T.; Gillespie, E.; Chishti, R.; Li, Y.; Jilg, N.; Hanidziar, D.; Baron, R. M.; Baden, L.; Tsibris, A. M.; Armstrong, K. A.; Kuritzkes, D. R.; Alter, G.; Walker, B. D.; Yu, X.; Li, J.; Readiness, Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen title: SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20131789 sha: doc_id: 316080 cord_uid: y6ypbdtu file: cache/cord-316209-juvmabdq.json key: cord-316209-juvmabdq authors: Rutayisire, Erigene; Nkundimana, Gerard; Mitonga, Honore K.; Boye, Alex; Nikwigize, Solange title: What works and what does not work in response to COVID-19 prevention and control in Africa date: 2020-06-12 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.024 sha: doc_id: 316209 cord_uid: juvmabdq file: cache/cord-316345-a1cirnya.json key: cord-316345-a1cirnya authors: Comas, Carmina; Carreras, Elena title: COVID‐19 and pregnancy: An opportunity to correct an historic gender bias date: 2020-08-02 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26350 sha: doc_id: 316345 cord_uid: a1cirnya file: cache/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.json key: cord-316197-r2ctm5sl authors: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title: An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice- -Part 1 date: 2020-06-02 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.078 sha: doc_id: 316197 cord_uid: r2ctm5sl file: cache/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.json key: cord-316067-mlcczr8c authors: Ng, Jia H.; Hirsch, Jamie S.; Wanchoo, Rimda; Sachdeva, Mala; Sakhiya, Vipulbhai; Hong, Susana; Jhaveri, Kenar D.; Fishbane, Steven title: Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.030 sha: doc_id: 316067 cord_uid: mlcczr8c file: cache/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.json key: cord-316260-1t3ifsfi authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida, Carlos Alberto; Ciampo, Luiz A. Del; Ferraz, Ivan S.; Ciampo, Ieda R.L. Del; Contini, Andrea A.; Ued, Fábio da V. title: COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A clinical review()() date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Pediatr (Rio J) DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 316260 cord_uid: 1t3ifsfi file: cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.json key: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e authors: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 journal: Am J Cult Sociol DOI: 10.1057/s41290-020-00121-y sha: doc_id: 316063 cord_uid: 9bg2dm8e file: cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.json key: cord-316126-j51dik7f authors: Zhang, X. Sophie; Duchaine, Caroline title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 journal: Clin Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00184-20 sha: doc_id: 316126 cord_uid: j51dik7f file: cache/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.json key: cord-316402-6u1czbfe authors: Knowles, Kelly A.; Olatunji, Bunmi O. title: Anxiety and Safety Behavior Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Prospective Role of Contamination Fear date: 2020-10-20 journal: J Anxiety Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102323 sha: doc_id: 316402 cord_uid: 6u1czbfe file: cache/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.json key: cord-316422-wmkv5hd3 authors: Eisenberg, Matthew D.; Barry, Colleen L.; Schilling, Cameron; Kennedy-Hendricks, Alene title: Financial Risk for COVID-19-like Respiratory Hospitalizations in Consumer-Directed Health Plans date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.008 sha: doc_id: 316422 cord_uid: wmkv5hd3 file: cache/cord-316370-t802kjpk.json key: cord-316370-t802kjpk authors: Szperka, Christina L.; Ailani, Jessica; Barmherzig, Rebecca; Klein, Brad C.; Minen, Mia T.; Halker Singh, Rashmi B.; Shapiro, Robert E. title: Migraine Care in the Era of COVID‐19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers date: 2020-04-03 journal: Headache DOI: 10.1111/head.13810 sha: doc_id: 316370 cord_uid: t802kjpk file: cache/cord-316186-254z62e4.json key: cord-316186-254z62e4 authors: Kario, Kazuomi; Morisawa, Yuji; Sukonthasarn, Apichard; Turana, Yuda; Chia, Yook‐Chin; Park, Sungha; Wang, Tzung‐Dau; Chen, Chen‐Huan; Tay, Jam Chin; Li, Yan; Wang, Ji‐Guang title: COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) DOI: 10.1111/jch.13917 sha: doc_id: 316186 cord_uid: 254z62e4 file: cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.json key: cord-316327-0hpthrjo authors: Brar, Branden; Bayoumy, Mohamed; Salama, Andrew; Henry, Andrew; Chigurupati, Radhika title: A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date: 2020-08-18 journal: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 316327 cord_uid: 0hpthrjo file: cache/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.json key: cord-316395-o9nblj5i authors: Pizzini, Alex; Aichner, Magdalena; Sahanic, Sabina; Böhm, Anna; Egger, Alexander; Hoermann, Gregor; Kurz, Katharina; Widmann, Gerlig; Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa; Weiss, Günter; Tancevski, Ivan; Sonnweber, Thomas; Löffler-Ragg, Judith title: Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry date: 2020-09-11 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12092775 sha: doc_id: 316395 cord_uid: o9nblj5i file: cache/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.json key: cord-316440-xt9tl7td authors: Severo, Eliana Andrea; de Guimarães, Julio Cesar Ferro; Dellarmelin, Mateus Luan title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Clean Prod DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124947 sha: doc_id: 316440 cord_uid: xt9tl7td file: cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.json key: cord-316157-7nci4q1q authors: Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title: Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date: 2020-10-03 journal: Nurs Inq DOI: 10.1111/nin.12382 sha: doc_id: 316157 cord_uid: 7nci4q1q file: cache/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.json key: cord-316325-uqrlza4k authors: Jardim, L.; Diniz-Filho, J. A.; Rangel, T. F.; Toscano, C. M. title: The effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 and its relationship with social distancing date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163493 sha: doc_id: 316325 cord_uid: uqrlza4k file: cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.json key: cord-316501-fl2wvhia authors: Noh, Ji Yun; Yoon, Jin Gu; Seong, Hye; Choi, Won Suk; Sohn, Jang Wook; Cheong, Hee Jin; Kim, Woo Joo; Song, Joon Young title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.035 sha: doc_id: 316501 cord_uid: fl2wvhia file: cache/cord-316450-iw35sorz.json key: cord-316450-iw35sorz authors: Gunjawate, Dhanshree R.; Ravi, Rohit; Yerraguntla, Krishna; Rajashekhar, Bellur; Verma, Ashwani title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey date: 2020-08-08 journal: Clin Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 316450 cord_uid: iw35sorz file: cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.json key: cord-316432-xemz7zn9 authors: Talaie, Haleh; Hosseini, Sayed Masoud; Nazari, Maryam; Fakhri, Yadollah; Mousavizadeh, Atieh; Vatanpour, Hossein; Firoozfar, Ali title: Is there any potential management against COVID-19? 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A.; Zubieta DeUrioste, N.; Accinelli-Tanaka, R.; Schneider-Gasser, E. M.; Zubieta-Calleja, G.; Dutschmann, M.; Soliz, J. title: Decreased incidence, virus transmission capacity, and severity of COVID-19 at altitude on the American continent date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20160168 sha: doc_id: 316484 cord_uid: 2s8w7r4v file: cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.json key: cord-316543-1tb2tkis authors: Urooj, Uzma; Ansari, Asma; Siraj, Asifa; Khan, Sumaira; Tariq, Humaira title: Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2643 sha: doc_id: 316543 cord_uid: 1tb2tkis file: cache/cord-316376-76beuk0c.json key: cord-316376-76beuk0c authors: Medeiros, Augusto Kreling; Barbisan, Cinthia Callegari; Cruz, Italo Ribeiro; de Araújo, Eduardo Medeiros; Libânio, Bruna Brandão; Albuquerque, Kamila Seidel; Torres, Ulysses S. title: Higher frequency of hepatic steatosis at CT among COVID-19-positive patients date: 2020-07-18 journal: Abdom Radiol (NY) DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02648-7 sha: doc_id: 316376 cord_uid: 76beuk0c file: cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.json key: cord-316632-rr9f88oi authors: Kimura, Yurika; Ueha, Rumi; Furukawa, Tatsuya; Oshima, Fumiko; Fujitani, Junko; Nakajima, Junko; Kaneoka, Asako; Aoyama, Hisaaki; Fujimoto, Yasushi; Umezaki, Toshiro title: Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-23 journal: Auris Nasus Larynx DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 316632 cord_uid: rr9f88oi file: cache/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.json key: cord-316572-7ei96rrn authors: Touska, P; Oikonomou, G; Ngu, R; Chandra, A; Malhotra, A; Fry, A; Oakley, R; Arora, A; Jeannon, J-P; Simo, R title: The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience date: 2020-09-02 journal: The Journal of laryngology and otology DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120001929 sha: doc_id: 316572 cord_uid: 7ei96rrn file: cache/cord-316363-7eh9k442.json key: cord-316363-7eh9k442 authors: Adams, Scott J; Burbridge, Brent; Chatterson, Leslie; McKinney, Veronica; Babyn, Paul; Mendez, Ivar title: Telerobotic ultrasound to provide obstetrical ultrasound services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 journal: J Telemed Telecare DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20965422 sha: doc_id: 316363 cord_uid: 7eh9k442 file: cache/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.json key: cord-316485-t6xfjqkb authors: Cohn-Schwartz, Ella; Ayalon, Liat title: Societal views of older adults as vulnerable and a burden to society during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from an Israeli nationally representative sample date: 2020-09-03 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa150 sha: doc_id: 316485 cord_uid: t6xfjqkb file: cache/cord-316666-qif1k62t.json key: cord-316666-qif1k62t authors: Ghati, Nirmal; Roy, Ambuj; Bhatnagar, Sushma; Bhati, Sumit; Bhushan, Sudha; Mahendran, Manjit; Thakur, Abhishek; Tiwari, Pawan; Dwivedi, Tanima; Mani, Kalaivani; Gupta, Ritu; Mohan, Anant; Garg, Rakesh; Saxena, Anita; Guleria, Randeep; Deepti, Siddharthan title: Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-10-30 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04840-y sha: doc_id: 316666 cord_uid: qif1k62t file: cache/cord-316588-8els3rzj.json key: cord-316588-8els3rzj authors: Habib, Mhd Baraa; Sardar, Sundus; Sajid, Jamal title: Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00859 sha: doc_id: 316588 cord_uid: 8els3rzj file: cache/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.json key: cord-316654-tihbi0ak authors: Tosti, G.; Barisani, A.; Queirolo, P.; Pennacchioli, E.; Villa, L.; Lodeserto, A. M.; Vaccari, S. title: Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-05-25 journal: Clin Exp Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ced.14267 sha: doc_id: 316654 cord_uid: tihbi0ak file: cache/cord-316631-um0olqet.json key: cord-316631-um0olqet authors: Park, Kyung Chan; Donovan, Killian; McKechnie, Stuart; Ramamurthy, Narayan; Klenerman, Paul; Swietach, Pawel title: Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-01 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17025 sha: doc_id: 316631 cord_uid: um0olqet file: cache/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.json key: cord-316702-dj2fo8sn authors: Vignesh, Ramachandran; Shankar, Esaki M.; Velu, Vijayakumar; Thyagarajan, Sadras Panchatcharam title: Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining? date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586781 sha: doc_id: 316702 cord_uid: dj2fo8sn file: cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.json key: cord-316718-7gtgqmcn authors: Murphy, D. L.; Barnard, L. M.; Drucker, C. J.; Yang, B. Y.; Emert, J. M.; Schwarcz, L.; Counts, C. R.; Jacinto, T. Y.; McCoy, A. M.; Morgan, T. A.; Whitney, J. E.; Bodenman, J. V.; Duchin, J. S.; Sayre, M. R.; Rea, T. D. title: Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110718 sha: doc_id: 316718 cord_uid: 7gtgqmcn file: cache/cord-316616-j82q99in.json key: cord-316616-j82q99in authors: Su, Yen-Bo; Kuo, Ming-Jen; Lin, Ting-Yu; Chien, Chian-Shiu; Yang, Yi-Ping; Chou, Shih-Jie; Leu, Hsin-Bang title: Cardiovascular manifestation and treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Chin Med Assoc DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000352 sha: doc_id: 316616 cord_uid: j82q99in file: cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.json key: cord-316647-jj8anf5g authors: Shang, You; Pan, Chun; Yang, Xianghong; Zhong, Ming; Shang, Xiuling; Wu, Zhixiong; Yu, Zhui; Zhang, Wei; Zhong, Qiang; Zheng, Xia; Sang, Ling; Jiang, Li; Zhang, Jiancheng; Xiong, Wei; Liu, Jiao; Chen, Dechang title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 sha: doc_id: 316647 cord_uid: jj8anf5g file: cache/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.json key: cord-316712-1ngcwdln authors: Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Jameel, Shahid; Sarkar, Swarup title: India’s Battle against COVID-19: Progress and Challenges date: 2020-08-24 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0992 sha: doc_id: 316712 cord_uid: 1ngcwdln file: cache/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.json key: cord-316617-8cqxz3wi authors: Ward, Michael P. title: SARS‐CoV‐2, where to now? date: 2020-06-19 journal: Transbound Emerg Dis DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13654 sha: doc_id: 316617 cord_uid: 8cqxz3wi file: cache/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.json key: cord-316764-ps89rxuy authors: Liu, Zheng; Zhang, Luo title: At the center of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery in China date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol DOI: 10.1002/alr.22585 sha: doc_id: 316764 cord_uid: ps89rxuy file: cache/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.json key: cord-316522-fbw9x3ik authors: Reiss, Allison B.; De Leon, Joshua; Dapkins, Isaac P.; Shahin, George; Peltier, Morgan R.; Goldberg, Eric R. title: A Telemedicine Approach to Covid-19 Assessment and Triage date: 2020-09-10 journal: Medicina (Kaunas) DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090461 sha: doc_id: 316522 cord_uid: fbw9x3ik file: cache/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.json key: cord-316690-s8jtv4an authors: Xiong, Huan; Yi, Shuanglian; Lin, Yufen title: The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-09-08 journal: Inquiry DOI: 10.1177/0046958020957114 sha: doc_id: 316690 cord_uid: s8jtv4an file: cache/cord-316805-6rshrecb.json key: cord-316805-6rshrecb authors: Hossain, M. A.; Hossain, K. M. A.; Walton, L. M.; Uddin, Z.; Haque, M. O.; Kabir, M. F.; Arafat, S. M. Y.; Sakel, M.; Faruqui, R.; Jahid, I. K.; Hossain, Z. title: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133611 sha: doc_id: 316805 cord_uid: 6rshrecb file: cache/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.json key: cord-316845-k9zvsfvj authors: Robertson, Mary M.; Eapen, Valsamma; Rizzo, Renata; Stern, Jeremy S.; Hartmann, Andreas title: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.23275.2 sha: doc_id: 316845 cord_uid: k9zvsfvj file: cache/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.json key: cord-316691-8d1mmbac authors: Owens, Andrew P.; Ballard, Clive; Beigi, Mazda; Kalafatis, Chris; Brooker, Helen; Lavelle, Grace; Brønnick, Kolbjørn K.; Sauer, Justin; Boddington, Steve; Velayudhan, Latha; Aarsland, Dag title: Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579934 sha: doc_id: 316691 cord_uid: 8d1mmbac file: cache/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.json key: cord-316743-q6gbxghx authors: Madhu, S. V. title: Post COVID-19 diabetes care—lessons and challenges date: 2020-06-04 journal: Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00831-6 sha: doc_id: 316743 cord_uid: q6gbxghx file: cache/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.json key: cord-316906-0x3j41ae authors: Woznitza, N.; Nair, A.; Hare, S.S. title: COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation date: 2020-04-11 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 316906 cord_uid: 0x3j41ae file: cache/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.json key: cord-316842-mnt12ot2 authors: Medline, MPH; A., Hayes; L., Vahedi; F., Valdez; K., Sonnenberg; J., Capell; W., Hayashi; A., Klausner; MD, MPH; J. D., Glick; Z., title: Evaluating the Efficacy of Stay-At-Home Orders: Does Timing Matter? date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117853 sha: doc_id: 316842 cord_uid: mnt12ot2 file: cache/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.json key: cord-316728-vyfkmniu authors: Benyounes, Nadia; Van Der Vynckt, Clélie; Tibi, Séverine; Iglesias, Alexandra; Salomon, Laurence; Gout, Olivier; Tibi, Thierry title: Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change date: 2020-09-16 journal: Cardiol Res Pract DOI: 10.1155/2020/4348598 sha: doc_id: 316728 cord_uid: vyfkmniu file: cache/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.json key: cord-316928-ivwz7jxi authors: Anzola, Gian Paolo; Bartolaminelli, Clara; Gregorini, Gina Alessandra; Coazzoli, Chiara; Gatti, Francesca; Mora, Alessandra; Charalampakis, Dimitrios; Palmigiano, Andrea; De Simone, Michele; Comini, Alice; Dellaglio, Erica; Cassetti, Salvatore; Chiesa, Maurizio; Spedini, Francesca; d’Ottavi, Patrizia; Savio, Maria Cristina title: Neither ACEIs nor ARBs are associated with respiratory distress or mortality in COVID-19 results of a prospective study on a hospital-based cohort date: 2020-09-23 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02500-2 sha: doc_id: 316928 cord_uid: ivwz7jxi file: cache/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.json key: cord-316705-3wzurnfp authors: Lalmuanawma, Samuel; Hussain, Jamal; Chhakchhuak, Lalrinfela title: Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review date: 2020-06-25 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110059 sha: doc_id: 316705 cord_uid: 3wzurnfp file: cache/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.json key: cord-316837-xwc9d5sy authors: Morgan, Catrin; Dattani, Rupen title: Should I use steroid injections to treat shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-09-09 journal: JSES Int DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.07.023 sha: doc_id: 316837 cord_uid: xwc9d5sy file: cache/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.json key: cord-316692-r04cqr8e authors: Seo, Yoshihiro; Daimon, Masao; Yamada, Hirotsugu; Kagiyama, Nobuyuki; Ohta, Mitsuhiko; Izumi, Chisato; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Nakatani, Satoshi title: Review of the efforts of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the initial outbreak in Japan date: 2020-09-05 journal: J Echocardiogr DOI: 10.1007/s12574-020-00487-5 sha: doc_id: 316692 cord_uid: r04cqr8e file: cache/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.json key: cord-316938-64jxtg9y authors: Blasi, Annabel; von Meijenfeldt, Fien A.; Adelmeijer, Jelle; Calvo, Andrea; Ibañez, Cristina; Perdomo, Juan; Carlos Reverter, Juan; Lisman, Ton title: In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.15043 sha: doc_id: 316938 cord_uid: 64jxtg9y file: cache/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.json key: cord-317062-nn0u82dp authors: Jenkins, Aaron; Jupiter, Stacy D; Capon, Anthony; Horwitz, Pierre; Negin, Joel title: Nested ecology and emergence in pandemics date: 2020-08-12 journal: Lancet Planet Health DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30165-0 sha: doc_id: 317062 cord_uid: nn0u82dp file: cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.json key: cord-316918-mz5r7yiy authors: Rubin, Geoffrey A.; Biviano, Angelo; Dizon, Jose; Yarmohammadi, Hirad; Ehlert, Frederick; Saluja, Deepak; Rubin, David A.; Morrow, John P.; Waase, Marc; Berman, Jeremy; Kushnir, Alexander; Abrams, Mark P.; Garan, Hasan; Wan, Elaine Y. title: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol DOI: 10.1111/jce.14493 sha: doc_id: 316918 cord_uid: mz5r7yiy file: cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.json key: cord-316878-zemaygnt authors: Johnson, Stephanie B. title: Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10008-9 sha: doc_id: 316878 cord_uid: zemaygnt file: cache/cord-317002-jcjenti0.json key: cord-317002-jcjenti0 authors: Francesco, Garaci; Francesca, Di Giuliano; Eliseo, Picchi; Valerio, Da Ros; Roberto, Floris title: Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-01 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116871 sha: doc_id: 317002 cord_uid: jcjenti0 file: cache/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.json key: cord-316987-3nhqx2qn authors: London, Viktoriya; McLaren, Rodney; Stein, Janet; Atallah, Fouad; Fisher, Nelli; Haberman, Shoshana; McCalla, Sandra; Minkoff, Howard title: Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice date: 2020-05-07 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710539 sha: doc_id: 316987 cord_uid: 3nhqx2qn file: cache/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.json key: cord-317126-j3o9cfkv authors: Wang, Jigang; Xu, Chengchao; Wong, Yin Kwan; He, Yingke; Adegnika, Ayôla A; Kremsner, Peter G; Agnandji, Selidji T; Sall, Amadou A; Liang, Zhen; Qiu, Chen; Liao, Fu Long; Jiang, Tingliang; Krishna, Sanjeev; Tu, Youyou title: Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-17 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30561-4 sha: doc_id: 317126 cord_uid: j3o9cfkv file: cache/cord-316923-b81uaooh.json key: cord-316923-b81uaooh authors: Luks, Andrew M.; Swenson, Erik R. title: Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency date: 2020-09-17 journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202005-430le sha: doc_id: 316923 cord_uid: b81uaooh file: cache/cord-316925-l56cos15.json key: cord-316925-l56cos15 authors: Carriedo, Dr. Alejandro; Cecchini, Professor Dr. José A.; Fernandez-Rio, Dr. Javier; Méndez-Giménez, Dr. Antonio title: COVID-19, Psychological Well-being and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults during the Nationwide Lockdown in Spain date: 2020-08-22 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 316925 cord_uid: l56cos15 file: cache/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.json key: cord-316943-ef3i96bo authors: Sciberras, Justine; Camilleri, Lara Maria; Cuschieri, Sarah title: The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date: 2020-10-19 journal: J Diabetes Metab Disord DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4 sha: doc_id: 316943 cord_uid: ef3i96bo file: cache/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.json key: cord-317092-5qba9jiq authors: Singh, Tulika; Heston, Sarah M; Langel, Stephanie N; Blasi, Maria; Hurst, Jillian H; Fouda, Genevieve G; Kelly, Matthew S; Permar, Sallie R title: Lessons from COVID-19 in children: Key hypotheses to guide preventative and therapeutic strategies date: 2020-05-08 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa547 sha: doc_id: 317092 cord_uid: 5qba9jiq file: cache/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.json key: cord-316944-xt09q1z5 authors: Preis, Heidi; Mahaffey, Brittain; Heiselman, Cassandra; Lobel, Marci title: Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic-Related Stress Among U.S. Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-06 journal: Soc Sci Med DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348 sha: doc_id: 316944 cord_uid: xt09q1z5 file: cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.json key: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz authors: Zhang, Wen-rui; Wang, Kun; Yin, Lu; Zhao, Wen-feng; Xue, Qing; Peng, Mao; Min, Bao-quan; Tian, Qing; Leng, Hai-xia; Du, Jia-lin; Chang, Hong; Yang, Yuan; Li, Wei; Shangguan, Fang-fang; Yan, Tian-yi; Dong, Hui-qing; Han, Ying; Wang, Yu-ping; Cosci, Fiammetta; Wang, Hong-xing title: Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-09 journal: Psychother Psychosom DOI: 10.1159/000507639 sha: doc_id: 316972 cord_uid: 5jtd5ytz file: cache/cord-317058-anvmj4li.json key: cord-317058-anvmj4li authors: Liu, Xinkui; Yue, Xinpei; Liu, Furong; Wei, Le; Chu, Yuntian; Bao, Honghong; Dong, Yichao; Cheng, Wenjie; Yang, Linpeng title: Analysis of clinical features and early warning signs in patients with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-26 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235459 sha: doc_id: 317058 cord_uid: anvmj4li file: cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.json key: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 authors: Kandhari, Rajat; Kohli, Malavika; Trasi, Shrilata; Vedamurthy, Maya; Chhabra, Chiranjiv; Shetty, Kamlakar; Dhawan, Sachin; Rajan, Renita title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14382 sha: doc_id: 317323 cord_uid: wp3vh4c1 file: cache/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.json key: cord-317151-cxx5pcln authors: Papa, Alfredo; Papa, Valerio; Lopetuso, Loris Riccardo; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Tursi, Antonio title: Covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase date: 2020-10-24 journal: Therap Adv Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1177/1756284820968747 sha: doc_id: 317151 cord_uid: cxx5pcln file: cache/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.json key: cord-317265-n6x0r58i authors: Singh, Varsha title: Can Vitamins, as Epigenetic Modifiers, Enhance Immunity in COVID-19 Patients with Non-communicable Disease? date: 2020-07-13 journal: Curr Nutr Rep DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00330-4 sha: doc_id: 317265 cord_uid: n6x0r58i file: cache/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.json key: cord-317349-c8nrd4h9 authors: OLAPEGBA, Peter O; AYANDELE, Olusola; KOLAWOLE, Samson Olowo; OGUNTAYO, Rotimi; GANDI, Joshua Chiroma; DANGIWA, Abdullahi Lawal; OTTU, Iboro Friday Akpan; IORFA, Steven Kator title: A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria date: 2020-04-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.11.20061408 sha: doc_id: 317349 cord_uid: c8nrd4h9 file: cache/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.json key: cord-317357-l2y2onmn authors: Talarico, Valentina; Nicoletti, Angela; Sabetta, Lucilla; Minchella, Pasquale; Raiola, Giuseppe title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria Region date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9550 sha: doc_id: 317357 cord_uid: l2y2onmn file: cache/cord-317016-codk0by1.json key: cord-317016-codk0by1 authors: Trivizakis, Eleftherios; Tsiknakis, Nikos; Vassalou, Evangelia E.; Papadakis, Georgios Z.; Spandidos, Demetrios A.; Sarigiannis, Dimosthenis; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Papanikolaou, Nikolaos; Karantanas, Apostolos H.; Marias, Kostas title: Advancing COVID-19 differentiation with a robust preprocessing and integration of multi-institutional open-repository computer tomography datasets for deep learning analysis date: 2020-09-11 journal: Exp Ther Med DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9210 sha: doc_id: 317016 cord_uid: codk0by1 file: cache/cord-317080-kn56oov6.json key: cord-317080-kn56oov6 authors: Quadri, Sayed. A. title: COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens date: 2020-05-07 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 317080 cord_uid: kn56oov6 file: cache/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.json key: cord-317167-hzcl1hw3 authors: Rodgers, Rachel F.; Lombardo, Caterina; Cerolini, Silvia; Franko, Debra L.; Omori, Mika; Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, Matthew; Linardon, Jake; Courtet, Philippe; Guillaume, Sebastien title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms date: 2020-06-01 journal: Int J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1002/eat.23318 sha: doc_id: 317167 cord_uid: hzcl1hw3 file: cache/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.json key: cord-317196-3bub3fy0 authors: Sammons, Morgan T.; VandenBos, Gary R.; Martin, Jana N. title: Psychological Practice and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Rapid Response Survey date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Health Serv Psychol DOI: 10.1007/s42843-020-00013-2 sha: doc_id: 317196 cord_uid: 3bub3fy0 file: cache/cord-317242-e7000i2u.json key: cord-317242-e7000i2u authors: Gandhi, Darshan; Ahuja, Kriti; Grover, Hemal; Sharma, Pranav; Solanki, Shantanu; Gupta, Nishant; Patel, Love title: Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 journal: World J Radiol DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i9.195 sha: doc_id: 317242 cord_uid: e7000i2u file: cache/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.json key: cord-317429-pp6hb4q5 authors: Aslam, Saima; Mehra, Mandeep R. title: COVID-19: Yet another coronavirus challenge in transplantation date: 2020-03-14 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.007 sha: doc_id: 317429 cord_uid: pp6hb4q5 file: cache/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.json key: cord-317085-qc8bfb9g authors: Zhang, Nan; Wang, Cheng; Zhu, Feng; Mao, Hong; Bai, Peng; Chen, Lu-Lu; Zeng, Tianshu; Peng, Miao-Miao; Qiu, Kang Li; Wang, Yixuan; Yu, Muqing; Xu, Shuyun; Zhao, Jianping; Li, Na; Zhou, Min title: Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Diabetes Patients With COVID-19: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study in Early Outbreak in China date: 2020-09-24 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571037 sha: doc_id: 317085 cord_uid: qc8bfb9g file: cache/cord-317238-uszhwugw.json key: cord-317238-uszhwugw authors: Parodi, Aurora; Cozzani, Emanuele title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria. Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role? date: 2020-06-25 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110036 sha: doc_id: 317238 cord_uid: uszhwugw file: cache/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.json key: cord-317450-tp2ckb6r authors: Robillard, R.; Saad, M.; Edwards, J. D.; Solomonova, E.; Pennestri, M.-H.; Daros, A.; Veissiere, S. P. L.; Quilty, L.; Dion, K.; Nixon, A.; Phillips, J. L.; Bhatla, R.; Spilg, E.; Godbout, R.; Yazji, B.; Rushton, C. H.; Gifford, W.; Gautam, M.; Boafo, A.; Kendzerska, T. title: Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Web-Based Survey in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142638 sha: doc_id: 317450 cord_uid: tp2ckb6r file: cache/cord-317399-693q80xo.json key: cord-317399-693q80xo authors: Al Wahaibi, Adil; Al Manji, Abdullah; Al Maani, Amal; Al Rawahi, Bader; Al Harthy, Khalid; Alyaquobi, Fatma; Al-Jardani, Amina; Petersen, Eskild; Al-Abri, Seif title: COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population date: 2020-08-20 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.039 sha: doc_id: 317399 cord_uid: 693q80xo file: cache/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.json key: cord-317477-h3c5kddj authors: De Coninck, David; d'Haenens, Leen; Matthijs, Koen title: Perceived vulnerability to disease and attitudes towards public health measures: COVID-19 in Flanders, Belgium date: 2020-11-01 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110220 sha: doc_id: 317477 cord_uid: h3c5kddj file: cache/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.json key: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs authors: Barzilai, Nir; Appleby, James C; Austad, Steven N; Cuervo, Ana Maria; Kaeberlein, Matt; Gonzalez-Billault, Christian; Lederman, Stephanie; Stambler, Ilia; Sierra, Felipe title: Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0629 sha: doc_id: 317519 cord_uid: yhzv2yjs file: cache/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.json key: cord-317283-0zzs5cy8 authors: Nicoletti, Angela; Talarico, Valentina; Sabetta, Lucilla; Minchella, Pasquale; Colosimo, Manuela; Fortugno, Carmelo; Galati, Maria Concetta; Raiola, Giuseppe title: Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9607 sha: doc_id: 317283 cord_uid: 0zzs5cy8 file: cache/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.json key: cord-317371-v7hmc9sj authors: Zhang, Xiaolei; Ma, Renjun; Wang, Lin title: Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries date: 2020-04-20 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109829 sha: doc_id: 317371 cord_uid: v7hmc9sj file: cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.json key: cord-317512-kx0u9955 authors: Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Horney, Jennifer A. title: The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date: 2020-06-26 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 317512 cord_uid: kx0u9955 file: cache/cord-317535-zep5axfo.json key: cord-317535-zep5axfo authors: Azpiazu Landa, N.; Velasco Oficialdegui, C.; Intxaurraga Fernández, K.; Gonzalez Larrabe, I.; Riaño Onaindia, S.; Telletxea Benguria, S. title: Ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-11-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 317535 cord_uid: zep5axfo file: cache/cord-317560-jhthcw20.json key: cord-317560-jhthcw20 authors: Duong, Lisa; Xu, Prissilla; Eskenazi, Jonathan; Liu, Antonio title: Letter to the Editor: Neurohospitalist and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 journal: Acta Neurol Belg DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01470-8 sha: doc_id: 317560 cord_uid: jhthcw20 file: cache/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.json key: cord-317500-ufo2qgj4 authors: Scialpi, Michele; Scialp, Sara; Piscioli, Irene; Scalera, Giovanni; Longo, Fernando title: Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-24 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.056 sha: doc_id: 317500 cord_uid: ufo2qgj4 file: cache/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.json key: cord-317413-w2xfdwea authors: Maurya, Vimal K.; Kumar, Swatantra; Bhatt, Madan L. B.; Saxena, Shailendra K. title: Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-10-19 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1832577 sha: doc_id: 317413 cord_uid: w2xfdwea file: cache/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.json key: cord-317526-d3z4r0dz authors: Bloom, Patricia P.; Pasricha, Trisha S.; Andersson, Karin L.; Pratt, Daniel S.; Hashemi, Nikroo; Bhan, Irun; Viveiros, Kathleen title: Hepatology Consultants Often Disagree on Etiology of Abnormal Liver Biochemistries in COVID-19 but Agree on Management date: 2020-07-29 journal: Dig Dis Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06495-w sha: doc_id: 317526 cord_uid: d3z4r0dz file: cache/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.json key: cord-317538-i6amqpmt authors: Krawczyk, Noa; Fingerhood, Michael I.; Agus, Deborah title: Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Subst Abuse Treat DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108074 sha: doc_id: 317538 cord_uid: i6amqpmt file: cache/cord-317567-19ssakh7.json key: cord-317567-19ssakh7 authors: Duroi, Iris; Van Durme, Frederik; Bruyns, Tony; Louage, Sofie; Heyse, Alex title: Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury date: 2020-05-26 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001732 sha: doc_id: 317567 cord_uid: 19ssakh7 file: cache/cord-317589-03isjlif.json key: cord-317589-03isjlif authors: Mahdian, Soodeh; Ebrahim-Habibi, Azadeh; Zarrabi, Mahboobeh title: Drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Diabetes Metab Disord DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00546-9 sha: doc_id: 317589 cord_uid: 03isjlif file: cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.json key: cord-317441-tnde2jp5 authors: Jewell, Jennifer S; Farewell, Charlotte V; Welton-Mitchell, Courtney; Lee-Winn, Angela; Walls, Jessica; Leiferman, Jenn A title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date: 2020-10-23 journal: JMIR Form Res DOI: 10.2196/22043 sha: doc_id: 317441 cord_uid: tnde2jp5 file: cache/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.json key: cord-317622-o10ntfi8 authors: Evans, Ronald M.; Lippman, Scott M. title: Shining Light on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Vitamin D Receptor Checkpoint in Defense of Unregulated Wound Healing date: 2020-09-11 journal: Cell Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 317622 cord_uid: o10ntfi8 file: cache/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.json key: cord-317628-1inxq7t5 authors: Cuccarese, Michael F.; Earnshaw, Berton A.; Heiser, Katie; Fogelson, Ben; Davis, Chadwick T.; McLean, Peter F.; Gordon, Hannah B.; Skelly, Kathleen-Rose; Weathersby, Fiona L.; Rodic, Vlad; Quigley, Ian K.; Pastuzyn, Elissa D.; Mendivil, Brandon M.; Lazar, Nathan H.; Brooks, Carl A.; Carpenter, Joseph; Probst, Brandon L.; Jacobson, Pamela; Glazier, Seth W.; Ford, Jes; Jensen, James D.; Campbell, Nicholas D.; Statnick, Michael A.; Low, Adeline S.; Thomas, Kirk R.; Carpenter, Anne E.; Hegde, Sharath S.; Alfa, Ronald W.; Victors, Mason L.; Haque, Imran S.; Chong, Yolanda T.; Gibson, Christopher C. title: Functional immune mapping with deep-learning enabled phenomics applied to immunomodulatory and COVID-19 drug discovery date: 2020-08-14 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.02.233064 sha: doc_id: 317628 cord_uid: 1inxq7t5 file: cache/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.json key: cord-317604-j8b64a1a authors: Sahay, Sandeep; Farber, Harrison W. title: Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-15 journal: Pulm Circ DOI: 10.1177/2045894020933480 sha: doc_id: 317604 cord_uid: j8b64a1a file: cache/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.json key: cord-317707-r0q7ipa6 authors: Saracco, Margherita; Martini, Silvia; Tandoi, Francesco; Dell’Olio, Dominic; Ottobrelli, Antonio; Scarmozzino, Antonio; Amoroso, Antonio; Fonio, Paolo; Balagna, Roberto; Romagnoli, Renato title: Carrying on with Liver Transplantation during the COVID-19 emergency: Report from Piedmont Region date: 2020-08-07 journal: Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.017 sha: doc_id: 317707 cord_uid: r0q7ipa6 file: cache/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.json key: cord-317729-ruvx9zwd authors: Wilson, Darius Cameron; Schefold, Joerg C.; Baldirà, Jaume; Spinetti, Thibaud; Saeed, Kordo; Elke, Gunnar title: Adrenomedullin in COVID-19 induced endotheliitis date: 2020-07-09 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03151-7 sha: doc_id: 317729 cord_uid: ruvx9zwd file: cache/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.json key: cord-317605-s9vv7rw4 authors: Zhou, Y.; Yang, Z.; Guo, Y.; Geng, S.; Gao, S.; Ye, S.; Hu, Y.; Wang, Y. title: A New Predictor of Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042119 sha: doc_id: 317605 cord_uid: s9vv7rw4 file: cache/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.json key: cord-317689-gp4x54pe authors: Galanopoulou, Aristea S.; Ferastraoaru, Victor; Correa, Daniel J.; Cherian, Koshi; Duberstein, Susan; Gursky, Jonathan; Hanumanthu, Rajani; Hung, Christine; Molinero, Isaac; Khodakivska, Olga; Legatt, Alan D.; Patel, Puja; Rosengard, Jillian; Rubens, Elayna; Sugrue, William; Yozawitz, Elissa; Mehler, Mark F.; Ballaban‐Gil, Karen; Haut, Sheryl R.; Moshé, Solomon L.; Boro, Alexis title: EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19: A small case series preliminary report date: 2020-05-17 journal: Epilepsia Open DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12399 sha: doc_id: 317689 cord_uid: gp4x54pe file: cache/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.json key: cord-317728-0hcsblrf authors: Aksan, Feyzullah; Nelson, Eric Andrew; Swedish, Kristin A. title: A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Neurovirol DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00887-4 sha: doc_id: 317728 cord_uid: 0hcsblrf file: cache/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.json key: cord-317561-ewo6vvlr authors: Jha, Sujeet; Batra, Nitish; Siddiqui, Samreen; Yadav, Ashutosh; Misra, Archa; Loomba, Menka; Sethi, Sumeet; Waghdhare, Swati title: HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers date: 2020-11-10 journal: Indian Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.005 sha: doc_id: 317561 cord_uid: ewo6vvlr file: cache/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.json key: cord-317811-mxsujb5u authors: Migliaccio, Raffaella; Bouzigues, Arabella title: Dementia and COVID-19 Lockdown: More Than a Double Blow for Patients and Caregivers date: 2020-07-06 journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports DOI: 10.3233/adr-200193 sha: doc_id: 317811 cord_uid: mxsujb5u file: cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.json key: cord-317795-689at1qx authors: Bielicki, Julia A; Duval, Xavier; Gobat, Nina; Goossens, Herman; Koopmans, Marion; Tacconelli, Evelina; van der Werf, Sylvie title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-23 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30458-8 sha: doc_id: 317795 cord_uid: 689at1qx file: cache/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.json key: cord-317794-kd9a0ron authors: Ahmed, Hiwa Omer title: The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate- Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study date: 2020-09-18 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.024 sha: doc_id: 317794 cord_uid: kd9a0ron file: cache/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.json key: cord-317624-qdzhncs0 authors: Choi, Min Joo; Kang, Minsun; Shin, So Youn; Noh, Ji Yun; Cheong, Hee Jin; Kim, Woo Joo; Jung, Jaehun; Song, Joon Young title: Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study date: 2020-10-27 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.062 sha: doc_id: 317624 cord_uid: qdzhncs0 file: cache/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.json key: cord-317648-lyxz10mo authors: Zhou, Qi; Hu, Zhenyu; Bian, Guolin; Yu, Haihang; Li, Xingxing; Lu, Yin; Yu, Chang; Li, Xianglan; Yao, Qin; Zhou, Wenhua; Yuan, Ti‐Fei; Zhou, Dongsheng title: Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China date: 2020-06-11 journal: Clin Transl Med DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.103 sha: doc_id: 317648 cord_uid: lyxz10mo file: cache/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.json key: cord-317602-ftcs7fvq authors: O’Reilly-Shah, Vikas N.; Gentry, Katherine R.; Van Cleve, Wil; Kendale, Samir M.; Jabaley, Craig S.; Long, Dustin R. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Shortcomings in US Health Care Informatics Infrastructure: A Call to Action date: 2020-05-12 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004945 sha: doc_id: 317602 cord_uid: ftcs7fvq file: cache/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.json key: cord-317843-sp4nvbbh authors: Azuma, Kenichi; Kagi, Naoki; Kim, Hoon; Hayashi, Motoya title: Impact of climate and ambient air pollution on the epidemic growth during COVID-19 outbreak in Japan date: 2020-08-12 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110042 sha: doc_id: 317843 cord_uid: sp4nvbbh file: cache/cord-317834-5givph12.json key: cord-317834-5givph12 authors: Bhat, Kulthe Ramesh Seetharam; Moschovas, Marcio Covas; Rogers, Travis; Onol, Fikret F.; Corder, Cathy; Roof, Shannon; Sighinolfi, Chiara; Rocco, Bernardo; Patel, Vipul R. title: COVID-19 model-based practice changes in managing a large prostate cancer practice: following the trends during a month-long ordeal date: 2020-06-14 journal: J Robot Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01100-8 sha: doc_id: 317834 cord_uid: 5givph12 file: cache/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.json key: cord-317863-xf0bn3cv authors: Pata, Ramakanth; Kiani, Roudabeh; Ahmady, Abolfazl; Awad, Vanessa M title: Probability of COVID-19 Being the Culprit in Neurocognitive Deception: A Case Series of Incidental Strokes in ICU Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9857 sha: doc_id: 317863 cord_uid: xf0bn3cv file: cache/cord-317849-i80zf67c.json key: cord-317849-i80zf67c authors: Isautier, J. 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M. E.; van der Voort, Peter H. J.; Mulder, Douwe J.; van Goor, Harry title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-17 journal: J Pathol DOI: 10.1002/path.5471 sha: doc_id: 317952 cord_uid: 4oa9hfb4 file: cache/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.json key: cord-318029-xd7nuahh authors: Ke, Chunjin; Wang, Yufeng; Zeng, Xing; Yang, Chunguang; Hu, Zhiquan title: 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases date: 2020-04-30 journal: Clin Biochem DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 318029 cord_uid: xd7nuahh file: cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.json key: cord-317846-str9i01o authors: Chen, Dr. Xian; Shan, Yuheng title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.020 sha: doc_id: 317846 cord_uid: str9i01o file: cache/cord-318038-psultpzy.json key: cord-318038-psultpzy authors: José Concepción Zavaleta, Marcio; David Armas Flórez, Cristian; Alberto Plasencia Dueñas, Esteban; Cristina Coronado Arroyo, Julia title: Diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country date: 2020-08-25 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108391 sha: doc_id: 318038 cord_uid: psultpzy file: cache/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.json key: cord-317878-bqpj0ey0 authors: Czick, Maureen; Shapter, Christine; Shapter, Robert title: COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s265518 sha: doc_id: 317878 cord_uid: bqpj0ey0 file: cache/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.json key: cord-318178-l17u9oqp authors: Omura, Takuya; Araki, Atsushi; Shigemoto, Kazuhiro; Toba, Kenji title: Geriatric practice during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 journal: Geriatr Gerontol Int DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13958 sha: doc_id: 318178 cord_uid: l17u9oqp file: cache/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.json key: cord-318043-1x3dp1vv authors: Ahmadi, Mohsen; Sharifi, Abbas; Dorosti, Shadi; Ghoushchi, Saeid Jafarzadeh; Ghanbari, Negar title: Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date: 2020-04-17 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705 sha: doc_id: 318043 cord_uid: 1x3dp1vv file: cache/cord-317956-srbualjc.json key: cord-317956-srbualjc authors: Klang, Eyal; Soffer, Shelly; Nadkarni, Girish; Glicksberg, Ben; Freeman, Robert; Horowitz, Carol; Reich, David L; Levin, Matthew A title: Sex Differences in Age and Comorbidities for COVID-19 Mortality in Urban New York City date: 2020-08-09 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00430-w sha: doc_id: 317956 cord_uid: srbualjc file: cache/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.json key: cord-318067-4hdeuweo authors: Torrego, Alfons; Pajares, Virginia; Fernández-Arias, Carmen; Vera, Paula; Mancebo, Jordi title: Bronchoscopy in Patients with COVID-19 with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-07-15 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-0945le sha: doc_id: 318067 cord_uid: 4hdeuweo file: cache/cord-318044-podm4mjd.json key: cord-318044-podm4mjd authors: Wu, P.; 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Palacios, Camila Mayorga; Ethier, Tarrah; Bisleri, Gianluigi title: Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 318032 cord_uid: d9dnugod file: cache/cord-318116-u0swlpug.json key: cord-318116-u0swlpug authors: Dolores García-Cosío, M.; Hernán, Marta Flores; Pérez, Pedro Caravaca; López-Medrano, Francisco; Arribas, Fernando; Jiménez, Juan Delgado title: Trasplante cardiaco durante la pandemia por coronavirus: organización asistencial y características de los pacientes infectados date: 2020-10-05 journal: Rev Esp Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 318116 cord_uid: u0swlpug file: cache/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.json key: cord-318312-v1c3qm7h authors: Fischer, Quentin; Darmon, Arthur; Ducrocq, Grégory; Feldman, Laurent title: Case report of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 date: 2020-05-19 journal: Eur Heart J Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa131 sha: doc_id: 318312 cord_uid: v1c3qm7h file: cache/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.json key: cord-318262-w8oixzdg authors: Chevance, A; Gourion, D; Hoertel, N; Llorca, P-M; Thomas, P; Bocher, R; Moro, M-R; Laprévote, V; Benyamina, A; Fossati, P; Masson, M; Leaune, E; Leboyer, M; Gaillard, R title: Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: a narrative review date: 2020-04-22 journal: Encephale DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 318262 cord_uid: w8oixzdg file: cache/cord-318018-ybdkp398.json key: cord-318018-ybdkp398 authors: Bruni, Margherita; Cecatiello, Valentina; Diaz-Basabe, Angelica; Lattanzi, Georgia; Mileti, Erika; Monzani, Silvia; Pirovano, Laura; Rizzelli, Francesca; Visintin, Clara; Bonizzi, Giuseppina; Giani, Marco; Lavitrano, Marialuisa; Faravelli, Silvia; Forneris, Federico; Caprioli, Flavio; Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe; Natoli, Gioacchino; Pasqualato, Sebastiano; Mapelli, Marina; Facciotti, Federica title: Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103188 sha: doc_id: 318018 cord_uid: ybdkp398 file: cache/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.json key: cord-318068-3mnhd56l authors: Tan, Hanno L title: How does COVID-19 kill at home and what should we do about it? date: 2020-08-21 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa599 sha: doc_id: 318068 cord_uid: 3mnhd56l file: cache/cord-318184-atlslk0e.json key: cord-318184-atlslk0e authors: Germain, N.; 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S.; Bocket, L.; Prevost, B.; Danze, P. M.; Marchetti, P. title: Retrospective study of COVID-19 seroprevalence among tissue donors at the onset of the outbreak before implementation of strict lockdown measures in France date: 2020-09-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192518 sha: doc_id: 318184 cord_uid: atlslk0e file: cache/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.json key: cord-318326-q9fnbg8n authors: Cacciapuoti, Sara; De Rosa, Annunziata; Gelzo, Monica; Megna, Matteo; Raia, Maddalena; Pinchera, Biagio; Pontarelli, Agostina; Scotto, Riccardo; Scala, Emanuele; Scarano, Francesco; Scalia, Giulia; Castaldo, Giuseppe; Fabbrocini, Gabriella; Gentile, Ivan; Parrella, Roberto title: Immunocytometric analysis of COVID patients: A contribution to personalized therapy? date: 2020-08-29 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118355 sha: doc_id: 318326 cord_uid: q9fnbg8n file: cache/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.json key: cord-318321-jfpbkntx authors: Parashar, Bhupesh; Chen, William C; Herman, Joseph M; Potters, Louis title: Disease Site-Specific Guidelines for Curative Radiation Treatment During ‘Limited Surgery’ and ‘Hospital Avoidance’: A Radiation Oncology Perspective From the Epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8190 sha: doc_id: 318321 cord_uid: jfpbkntx file: cache/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.json key: cord-318194-m4vu77v6 authors: Rentsch, Christopher T.; Kidwai-Khan, Farah; Tate, Janet P.; Park, Lesley S.; King, Joseph T.; Skanderson, Melissa; Hauser, Ronald G.; Schultze, Anna; Jarvis, Christopher I.; Holodniy, Mark; Lo Re, Vincent; Akgün, Kathleen M.; Crothers, Kristina; Taddei, Tamar H.; Freiberg, Matthew S.; Justice, Amy C. title: Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-22 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003379 sha: doc_id: 318194 cord_uid: m4vu77v6 file: cache/cord-318204-t024w7h6.json key: cord-318204-t024w7h6 authors: Fang, Ferric C; Naccache, Samia N; Greninger, Alexander L title: The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions date: 2020-06-08 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa742 sha: doc_id: 318204 cord_uid: t024w7h6 file: cache/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.json key: cord-318167-b25g6zkp authors: Einollahi, Behzad; Cegolon, Luca; Abolghasemi, Hassan; Imanizadeh, Sina; Bahramifar, Ali; Zhao, Shi; Jafari, Ramezan; Javanbakht, Mohammad title: A patient affected by critical COVID-19 pneumonia, successfully treated with convalescent plasma date: 2020-11-05 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102995 sha: doc_id: 318167 cord_uid: b25g6zkp file: cache/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.json key: cord-318332-krgsd5z3 authors: Sallam, M.; Dababseh, D.; Yaseen, A.; Al-Haidar, A.; Taim, D.; Eid, H.; Ababneh, N. A.; Bakri, F. G.; Mahafzah, A. title: COVID-19 misinformation: mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20152694 sha: doc_id: 318332 cord_uid: krgsd5z3 file: cache/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.json key: cord-318324-cc6rn95z authors: Handu, Deepa; Moloney, Lisa; Rozga, Mary; Cheng, Feon title: Malnutrition Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Evidence Analysis Center date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Acad Nutr Diet DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 318324 cord_uid: cc6rn95z file: cache/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.json key: cord-318333-rzhrgp5q authors: Hou, Jiabao; Wan, Xing; Shen, Qianni; Zhu, Jie; Leng, Yan; Zhao, Bo; Xia, Zhongyuan; He, Yuhong; Wu, Yang title: COVID-19 infection, a potential threat to surgical patients and staff? A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-03 journal: Int J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.037 sha: doc_id: 318333 cord_uid: rzhrgp5q file: cache/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.json key: cord-318367-8xrjddwy authors: Liu, Xiucheng; Zhuang, Wei; Quan, Xiaoyu; Zhou, Yeqing; Qin, Hao; Zou, Chenghang; Zhang, Hao title: An especial transition phase of hospitals: the adaptation of hospital operations to the development of COVID-19 and policy adjustments date: 2020-09-21 journal: Environ Health Prev Med DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00891-4 sha: doc_id: 318367 cord_uid: 8xrjddwy file: cache/cord-318342-eipscagh.json key: cord-318342-eipscagh authors: Chen, Juan; Wu, Chunhua; Wang, Xiaohang; Yu, Jiangyi; Sun, Zilin title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-05 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.574541 sha: doc_id: 318342 cord_uid: eipscagh file: cache/cord-318317-x12fblc5.json key: cord-318317-x12fblc5 authors: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis; Yattassaye, Adam; Bourrelly, Michel; Dembélé Keïta, Bintou; Spire, Bruno title: The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali date: 2020-06-03 journal: Trop Med Health DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00228-5 sha: doc_id: 318317 cord_uid: x12fblc5 file: cache/cord-318316-9unfl966.json key: cord-318316-9unfl966 authors: Ortega, Joseph T.; Zambrano, Jose L.; Jastrzebska, Beata; Liprandi, Ferdinando; Rangel, Hector R.; Pujol, Flor H. title: Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies date: 2020-10-23 journal: Intervirology DOI: 10.1159/000512141 sha: doc_id: 318316 cord_uid: 9unfl966 file: cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.json key: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 authors: Zvolensky, Michael J.; Garey, Lorra; Rogers, Andrew H.; Schmidt, Norman B.; Vujanovic, Anka A.; Storch, Eric A.; Buckner, Julia D.; Paulus, Daniel J.; Alfano, Candice; Smits, Jasper A.J.; O'Cleirigh, Conall title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 journal: Behav Res Ther DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 sha: doc_id: 318363 cord_uid: 1mv5j4w2 file: cache/cord-318371-irqked5z.json key: cord-318371-irqked5z authors: Assandri, Roberto; Buscarini, Elisabetta; Canetta, Ciro; Scartabellati, Alessandro; Viganò, Giovanni; Montanelli, Alessandro title: Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room date: 2020-05-21 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 318371 cord_uid: irqked5z file: cache/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.json key: cord-318391-2s0rjfn8 authors: Akirov, Amit; Cahn, Avivit; Del Prato, Stefano; Home, Philip; Van Gaal, Luc; Chan, Juliana; Ning, Guang; Raz, Itamar title: Tackling Obesity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-14 journal: Diabetes Metab Res Rev DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3393 sha: doc_id: 318391 cord_uid: 2s0rjfn8 file: cache/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.json key: cord-318364-5bmdzgla authors: Sun, Xinjuan; Wang, Tianyuan; Cai, Dayong; Hu, Zhiwei; Chen, Jin’an; Liao, Hui; Zhi, Liming; Wei, Hongxia; Zhang, Zhihong; Qiu, Yuying; Wang, Jing; Wang, Aiping title: Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-25 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 318364 cord_uid: 5bmdzgla file: cache/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.json key: cord-318319-efqf5e1i authors: Yamasaki, Yukitaka; Ooka, Seido; Tsuchida, Tomoya; Nakamura, Yuta; Hagiwara, Yuta; Naitou, Yoshiyuki; Ishibashi, Yuki; Ikeda, Hiroki; Sakurada, Tsutomu; Handa, Hiroshi; Nishine, Hiroki; Takita, Mumon; Morikawa, Daiki; Yoshida, Hideki; Fujii, Shuichi; Morisawa, Kenichiro; Takemura, Hiromu; Fujitani, Shigeki; Kunishima, Hiroyuki title: The peripheral lymphocyte count as a predictor of severe COVID-19 and the effect of treatment with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-03 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198089 sha: doc_id: 318319 cord_uid: efqf5e1i file: cache/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.json key: cord-318355-38x3f3ee authors: Yang, Yang; Ding, Lin; Zou, Xianlun; Shen, Yaqi; Hu, Daoyu; Hu, Xuemei; Li, Zhen; Kamel, Ihab R. title: Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with Sars‐COV‐2 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22971 sha: doc_id: 318355 cord_uid: 38x3f3ee file: cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.json key: cord-318390-uuz37610 authors: Saleem, Tayyaba; Sheikh, Nadeem; Abbasi, Muddasir Hassan; Javed, Iram; khawar, Muhammad Babar title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 journal: Epilepsy Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 sha: doc_id: 318390 cord_uid: uuz37610 file: cache/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.json key: cord-318437-tzp33iw7 authors: Lovrić, Mario; Pavlović, Kristina; Vuković, Matej; Grange, Stuart K.; Haberl, Michael; Kern, Roman title: Understanding the true effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution by means of machine learning() date: 2020-11-06 journal: Environ Pollut DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115900 sha: doc_id: 318437 cord_uid: tzp33iw7 file: cache/cord-318470-2plv75os.json key: cord-318470-2plv75os authors: Russell, Matthew R.; Halnon, Nancy J.; Alejos, Juan C.; Salem, Morris M.; Reardon, Leigh C. title: COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Heart Lung Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.021 sha: doc_id: 318470 cord_uid: 2plv75os file: cache/cord-318484-b21myin4.json key: cord-318484-b21myin4 authors: Di Lorenzo, G.; Toniolo, P.; Lurani, C.; Foresti, L.; Carrisi, C. title: Evaluating the adequacy of Prima Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the assessment of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117424 sha: doc_id: 318484 cord_uid: b21myin4 file: cache/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.json key: cord-318410-fznw4bbq authors: Alhazmi, Amani; Ali, Maha Hamed Mohamed; Mohieldin, Ali; Aziz, Farah; Osman, Osman Babiker; Ahmed, Waled AM title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 journal: J Public Health Res DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1867 sha: doc_id: 318410 cord_uid: fznw4bbq file: cache/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.json key: cord-318512-5wvnw8li authors: Coronado, Pluvio J.; Fasero, Maria; Otero, Borja; Sanchez, Sonia; Viuda, Esther de la; Ramirez-Polo, Isabel; Llaneza, Placido; Mendoza, Nicolas; Baquedano, Laura title: Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement date: 2020-09-28 journal: Maturitas DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 318512 cord_uid: 5wvnw8li file: cache/cord-318592-08mjfs83.json key: cord-318592-08mjfs83 authors: Chen, L.; Zhang, Z.-Y.; Zhang, X.-B.; Zhang, S.-Z.; Han, Q.-Y.; Feng, Z.-P.; Fu, J.-G.; Xiao, X.; Chen, H.-M.; Liu, L.-L.; Chen, X.-L.; Lan, Y.-P.; Zhong, D.-J.; Hu, L.; Wang, J.-H.; Yin, Z.-Y. title: Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent-positive Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Curative Discharge: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases in Wuhan China date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20144873 sha: doc_id: 318592 cord_uid: 08mjfs83 file: cache/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.json key: cord-318458-jadk2qbm authors: Jung, Chan-Young; Park, Haeyong; Kim, Dong Wook; Lim, Hyunsun; Chang, Jung Hyun; Choi, Yoon Jung; Kim, Seong Woo; Chang, Tae Ik title: Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of COVID-19: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea date: 2020-08-25 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1257 sha: doc_id: 318458 cord_uid: jadk2qbm file: cache/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.json key: cord-318520-hgjv7ot9 authors: Mohamed, Sherif; Abo El-Hassan, Osama; Rizk, Magda; Ismail, Jumana H; Baioumy, Aml title: Death due to Cardiac Arrest in a Young Female With Highly Suspected COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-08-30 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10127 sha: doc_id: 318520 cord_uid: hgjv7ot9 file: cache/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.json key: cord-318378-omsc9a8k authors: Chen, Lian; Jiang, Hai; Zhao, Yangyu title: Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases date: 2020-07-04 journal: Am J Reprod Immunol DOI: 10.1111/aji.13299 sha: doc_id: 318378 cord_uid: omsc9a8k file: cache/cord-318483-il5aq8py.json key: cord-318483-il5aq8py authors: Perez Gaxiola, G.; Flores Rocha, R.; Valadez Vidarte, J. C.; Hernandez Alcaraz, M.; Herrera Mendoza, G.; Del Real Lugo, M. A. title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series in Sinaloa date: 2020-07-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20146332 sha: doc_id: 318483 cord_uid: il5aq8py file: cache/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.json key: cord-318369-y3wtfqrn authors: Pan, Lingai; Zeng, Jie; Pu, Hong; Peng, Shengkun title: How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital date: 2020-08-05 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 318369 cord_uid: y3wtfqrn file: cache/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.json key: cord-318370-l2fdd4zt authors: Wittayanakorn, Nunthasiri; Weng Nga, Vincent Diong; Sobana, Mirna; Ahmad Bahuri, Nor Faizal; Baticulon, Ronnie E. title: COVID-19’s Impact on Neurosurgical Training in Southeast Asia date: 2020-08-15 journal: World Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.073 sha: doc_id: 318370 cord_uid: l2fdd4zt file: cache/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.json key: cord-318655-i9kv7bph authors: Lu, Zhenzhen; Yu, Yongguang; Chen, YangQuan; Ren, Guojian; Xu, Conghui; Wang, Shuhui; Yin, Zhe title: A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects date: 2020-08-05 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05848-4 sha: doc_id: 318655 cord_uid: i9kv7bph file: cache/cord-318542-785hnh19.json key: cord-318542-785hnh19 authors: Leeson, Cale E.; Ismail, Asmaa; Hashad, Mohamed M.; Elmansy, Hazem; Shahrour, Walid; Prowse, Owen; Kotb, Ahmed title: Systematic Review: Safety of Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00461-3 sha: doc_id: 318542 cord_uid: 785hnh19 file: cache/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.json key: cord-318457-k5kkd5qp authors: Yoganathan, Anusha; Sajjad, Menahel S.; Harky, Amer title: Cardiovascular disease and the impact of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14682 sha: doc_id: 318457 cord_uid: k5kkd5qp file: cache/cord-318634-crjg72fj.json key: cord-318634-crjg72fj authors: Weiss, Pnina G.; Li, Su-Ting T. title: Leading Change to Address the Needs and Well-being of Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 journal: Acad Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 318634 cord_uid: crjg72fj file: cache/cord-318694-370ccaoc.json key: cord-318694-370ccaoc authors: Khanna, Niharika; Klyushnenkova, Elena N.; Kaysin, Alexander; Stewart, David L. title: Utilizing the Learning Health System Adaptation to guide Family Medicine Practice to COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-16 journal: J Prim Care Community Health DOI: 10.1177/2150132720966409 sha: doc_id: 318694 cord_uid: 370ccaoc file: cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.json key: cord-318701-f9j13fsc authors: Chamboredon, P.; Roman, C.; Colson, S. title: COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int Nurs Rev DOI: 10.1111/inr.12604 sha: doc_id: 318701 cord_uid: f9j13fsc file: cache/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.json key: cord-318417-jfqnepzy authors: Koay, Hui-Fern; Fulford, Thomas S.; Godfrey, Dale I. title: An unconventional view of COVID-19 T cell immunity date: 2020-10-06 journal: J Exp Med DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201727 sha: doc_id: 318417 cord_uid: jfqnepzy file: cache/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.json key: cord-318599-drvjr7gq authors: Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph title: Note: Mayday, Mayday, Mayday! Responding to environmental shocks: Insights on global airlines’ responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 journal: Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102098 sha: doc_id: 318599 cord_uid: drvjr7gq file: cache/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.json key: cord-318675-lrrro5g9 authors: KARIMI, S. M.; Majbouri, M.; White, K.; Little, B.; McKinney, W. P.; DuPre, N. title: Spring Weather and COVID-19 Deaths in the U.S. date: 2020-06-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.20.20136259 sha: doc_id: 318675 cord_uid: lrrro5g9 file: cache/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.json key: cord-318697-6o0i4gir authors: Armitage, Richard; Nellums, Laura B title: Whistleblowing and patient safety during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100425 sha: doc_id: 318697 cord_uid: 6o0i4gir file: cache/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.json key: cord-318681-enq0j6dr authors: Kim, Je Hyeong; Hong, Suk-Kyung; Kim, Younghwan; Ryu, Ho Geol; Park, Chi-Min; Lee, Young Seok; Hong, Sung Jin title: Experience of augmenting critical care capacity in Daegu during COVID-19 incident in South Korea date: 2020-05-31 journal: Acute Crit Care DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.00275 sha: doc_id: 318681 cord_uid: enq0j6dr file: cache/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.json key: cord-318492-uu1p1rgi authors: Mansueto, Gelsomina title: COVID-19: Brief Check Point Through The Pathologist's Eye (autopsy archive) date: 2020-08-28 journal: Pathol Res Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153195 sha: doc_id: 318492 cord_uid: uu1p1rgi file: cache/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.json key: cord-318773-nmsr1ga1 authors: Blanco-Colino, Ruth; Vilallonga, Ramón title: Authors’ response to: About the scientific letter «Suspicion of an acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infectio» date: 2020-07-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 318773 cord_uid: nmsr1ga1 file: cache/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.json key: cord-318808-1cfwj5uq authors: Li, Ying; Wang, Haizhou; Wang, Fan; Du, Hui; Liu, Xueru; Chen, Peng; Wang, Yanli; Lu, Xiaoxia title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years date: 2020-06-12 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 318808 cord_uid: 1cfwj5uq file: cache/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.json key: cord-318737-b32tk5ze authors: Stickley, Andrew; Matsubayashi, Tetsuya; Sueki, Hajime; Ueda, Michiko title: COVID-19 preventive behaviours among people with anxiety and depressive symptoms: Findings from Japan date: 2020-10-10 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.017 sha: doc_id: 318737 cord_uid: b32tk5ze file: cache/cord-318756-yln4htof.json key: cord-318756-yln4htof authors: Naderi, Nasim; Ansari Ramandi, Mohammad Mostafa; Baay, Mohammadreza; Hosseini, Zahra; Zanganehfar, Mohammad Esmaeil; Rabieie, Parham; Kamali, Monireh; Manshouri, Shirin; Moradnejad, Pardis; Asadian, Sanaz title: Cardiovascular patients in COVID‐19 era, a case series, an experience from a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tehran, Iran date: 2020-07-23 journal: Clin Case Rep DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3163 sha: doc_id: 318756 cord_uid: yln4htof file: cache/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.json key: cord-318866-3arxrm8m authors: Magnano, M.; Balestri, R.; Bardazzi, F.; Mazzatenta, C.; Girardelli, C.R.; Rech, G. title: Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment date: 2020-05-30 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13706 sha: doc_id: 318866 cord_uid: 3arxrm8m file: cache/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.json key: cord-318757-po0zpvw5 authors: Beig, Gufran; Bano, S.; Sahu, S.K.; Anand, V.; Korhale, N.; Rathod, A.; Yadav, R.; Mangaraj, P.; Murthy, B.S.; Singh, S.; Shinde, R. title: COVID-19 and Environmental -Weather Markers: Unfolding Baseline Levels and Veracity of Linkages in Tropical India date: 2020-08-22 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110121 sha: doc_id: 318757 cord_uid: po0zpvw5 file: cache/cord-318817-95tw84z8.json key: cord-318817-95tw84z8 authors: Hubner, C. v. K.; Bruscatto, M. L.; Lima, R. D. title: Distress among Brazilian university students due to the Covid-19 pandemic: survey results and reflections date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135251 sha: doc_id: 318817 cord_uid: 95tw84z8 file: cache/cord-318831-hocenr09.json key: cord-318831-hocenr09 authors: Ahluwalia, Amrit S.; Qarni, Taha; Narula, Naureen; Sadiq, Waleed; Chalhoub, Michel N. title: Bilateral Pneumothoraces as Possible Atypical Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-11 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101217 sha: doc_id: 318831 cord_uid: hocenr09 file: cache/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.json key: cord-318871-ffyavhm0 authors: Sy, K. T. L.; Haw, N. J. L.; Uy, J. title: Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery date: 2020-07-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20154575 sha: doc_id: 318871 cord_uid: ffyavhm0 file: cache/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.json key: cord-318755-fip8wj6y authors: El Kassas, Mohamed; Alboraie, Mohamed; Al Balakosy, Amira; Abdeen, Nermeen; Afify, Shimaa; Abdalgaber, Mohammad; Sherief, Ahmed F; Madkour, Ahmad; Abdellah Ahmed, Mohamed; Eltabbakh, Mohamed; Salaheldin, Mohamed; Wifi, Mohamed-Naguib title: Liver transplantation in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Arab J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.019 sha: doc_id: 318755 cord_uid: fip8wj6y file: cache/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.json key: cord-318879-4ual2ssa authors: Kaveh-Yazdy, Fatemeh; Zarifzadeh, Sajjad title: Track Iran's National COVID-19 Response Committee’s Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling date: 2020-11-04 journal: Int J Med Inform DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104309 sha: doc_id: 318879 cord_uid: 4ual2ssa file: cache/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.json key: cord-318821-m8vx0wgs authors: Jombart, T.; Ghozzi, S.; Schumacher, D.; Leclerc, Q.; Jit, M.; Flasche, S.; Greaves, F.; Ward, T.; Eggo, R. M.; Nightingale, E.; Meakin, S.; Brady, O. J.; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group,; Medley, G.; Hohle, M.; Edmunds, J. title: Real-time monitoring of COVID-19 dynamics using automated trend fitting and anomaly detection date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186502 sha: doc_id: 318821 cord_uid: m8vx0wgs file: cache/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.json key: cord-318858-x8p0n6r3 authors: Hope, Michael D; Raptis, Constantine A; Shah, Amar; Hammer, Mark M; Henry, Travis S title: A role for CT in COVID-19? What data really tell us so far date: 2020-03-27 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30728-5 sha: doc_id: 318858 cord_uid: x8p0n6r3 file: cache/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.json key: cord-318906-p7wb6kjd authors: Changzheng, He; Yuxuan, Li; Yichen, Liu; Shidong, Hu; Yang, Yan; Da, Teng; Pengyue, Zhao; Haiguan, Lin; Xiaolei, Xu; Yufeng, Wang; Xiaohui, Huang; Xiaohui, Du title: How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID‐19 epidemic? A retrospective single‐center analysis based on real‐world data from China date: 2020-05-28 journal: ANZ J Surg DOI: 10.1111/ans.16057 sha: doc_id: 318906 cord_uid: p7wb6kjd file: cache/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.json key: cord-318929-hygcbcp0 authors: López-Martin, Inmaculada; Esteban, Eva Andrés; García-Martínez, Francisco Javier title: Relación entre la gravedad del Covid-19 y el estado vacunal. Resultados de una encuesta anónima entre médicos de atención primaria date: 2020-11-07 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.007 sha: doc_id: 318929 cord_uid: hygcbcp0 file: cache/cord-318933-09ym98hx.json key: cord-318933-09ym98hx authors: Betsch, Cornelia; Wieler, Lothar H; Habersaat, Katrine title: Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30729-7 sha: doc_id: 318933 cord_uid: 09ym98hx file: cache/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.json key: cord-318970-aiqggh6h authors: Sánchez-Raya, Judith; Sampol, Júlia title: Spinal cord injury and COVID-19: some thoughts after the first wave date: 2020-07-21 journal: Spinal Cord DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-0524-5 sha: doc_id: 318970 cord_uid: aiqggh6h file: cache/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.json key: cord-318909-h5b7mncf authors: Liguori, Claudio; Pierantozzi, Mariangela; Spanetta, Matteo; Sarmati, Loredana; Cesta, Novella; Iannetta, Marco; Ora, Josuel; Genga Mina, Grazia; Puxeddu, Ermanno; Balbi, Ottavia; Pezzuto, Gabriella; Magrini, Andrea; Rogliani, Paola; Andreoni, Massimo; Biagio Mercuri, Nicola title: Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-05-19 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.037 sha: doc_id: 318909 cord_uid: h5b7mncf file: cache/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.json key: cord-318965-0mxv8h06 authors: Mastnak, Wolfgang title: Psychopathological problems related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy date: 2020-06-01 journal: Acta Paediatr DOI: 10.1111/apa.15346 sha: doc_id: 318965 cord_uid: 0mxv8h06 file: cache/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.json key: cord-318892-1vyhsg5k authors: AbdAllah, Mohamed; Elarab, Hanan Ez; Raslan, Eman; Saber, Lobna; Daoud, Eitedal; Saber, Maha title: Role of micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100782 sha: doc_id: 318892 cord_uid: 1vyhsg5k file: cache/cord-318893-obcdapgb.json key: cord-318893-obcdapgb authors: Cheng, Shao-Chung; Fan Chiang, Yu-Long; Huang, Chia-Husn; Hsu, Yuan-Nian title: Author reply to Letters to the Editor “COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan” date: 2020-04-02 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.011 sha: doc_id: 318893 cord_uid: obcdapgb file: cache/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.json key: cord-318916-5lzun9bv authors: Bruining, Hilgo; Bartels, Meike; Polderman, Tinca J. C.; Popma, Arne title: COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry: an unexpected blessing for part of our population? date: 2020-07-04 journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01578-5 sha: doc_id: 318916 cord_uid: 5lzun9bv file: cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.json key: cord-318944-13zk6cco authors: Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora; Campisi, Giuseppina; Lo Muzio, Lorenzo title: Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113793 sha: doc_id: 318944 cord_uid: 13zk6cco file: cache/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.json key: cord-318976-ptutkd6o authors: Gul, Fahad; Lo, Kevin Bryan; Peterson, Julie; McCullough, Peter A.; Goyal, Abhinav; Rangaswami, Janani title: Meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection with versus without gastrointestinal symptoms date: 2020-05-29 journal: Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1771164 sha: doc_id: 318976 cord_uid: ptutkd6o file: cache/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.json key: cord-318983-rmvqf6s9 authors: SCHMIDT, HARALD title: Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response date: 2020-05-28 journal: Hastings Cent Rep DOI: 10.1002/hast.1113 sha: doc_id: 318983 cord_uid: rmvqf6s9 file: cache/cord-318938-7d731q65.json key: cord-318938-7d731q65 authors: Wallentin, Lars; Lindbäck, Johan; Eriksson, Niclas; Hijazi, Ziad; Eikelboom, John W; Ezekowitz, Michael D; Granger, Christopher B; Lopes, Renato D; Yusuf, Salim; Oldgren, Jonas; Siegbahn, Agneta title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation date: 2020-09-27 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa697 sha: doc_id: 318938 cord_uid: 7d731q65 file: cache/cord-318980-8cclwzob.json key: cord-318980-8cclwzob authors: Dindarloo, Kavoos; Aghamolaei, Teamur; Ghanbarnejad, Amin; Turki, Habibollah; Hoseinvandtabar, Sommayeh; Pasalari, Hasan; Ghaffari, Hamid Reza title: Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Environ Health Sci Eng DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00548-y sha: doc_id: 318980 cord_uid: 8cclwzob file: cache/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.json key: cord-319007-w3pk3ha1 authors: Zingaropoli, Maria Antonella; Perri, Valentina; Pasculli, Patrizia; Dezza, Francesco Cogliati; Nijhawan, Parni; Savelloni, Giulia; La Torre, Giuseppe; D'Agostino, Claudia; Mengoni, Fabio; Lichtner, Miriam; Ciardi, Maria Rosa; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria title: Major reduction of NKT cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-11-13 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108630 sha: doc_id: 319007 cord_uid: w3pk3ha1 file: cache/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.json key: cord-319066-jdvvegp9 authors: Bressan, Silvia; Buonsenso, Danilo; Farrugia, Ruth; Parri, Niccolo’; Oostenbrink, Rianne; Titomanlio, Luigi; Roland, Damian; Nijman, Ruud G.; Maconochie, Ian; Da Dalt, Liviana; Mintegi, Santiago title: Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks date: 2020-05-15 journal: Ann Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.018 sha: doc_id: 319066 cord_uid: jdvvegp9 file: cache/cord-319013-oytqcifa.json key: cord-319013-oytqcifa authors: Focosi, Daniele; Anderson, Arthur O.; Tang, Julian W.; Tuccori, Marco title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art date: 2020-08-12 journal: Clin Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00072-20 sha: doc_id: 319013 cord_uid: oytqcifa file: cache/cord-318994-1xngjndu.json key: cord-318994-1xngjndu authors: Lier, Audun J.; Tuan, Jessica J.; Davis, Matthew W.; Paulson, Nathan; McManus, Dayna; Campbell, Sheldon; Peaper, David R.; Topal, Jeffrey E. title: Case Report: Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0699 sha: doc_id: 318994 cord_uid: 1xngjndu file: cache/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.json key: cord-319091-hkuc2xqm authors: Loscocco, Giuseppe G. title: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 journal: Int J Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02895-w sha: doc_id: 319091 cord_uid: hkuc2xqm file: cache/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.json key: cord-319022-1twsxzcd authors: Desai, Antonio; Voza, Giuseppe; Paiardi, Silvia; Teofilo, Francesca Ilaria; Caltagirone, Giuseppe; Pons, Marta Ripoll; Aloise, Monia; Kogan, Maria; Tommasini, Tobia; Savevski, Victor; Stefanini, Giulio; Angelini, Claudio; Ciccarelli, Michele; Badalamenti, Salvatore; De Nalda, Ana Lleo; Aghemo, Alessio; Cecconi, Maurizio; Boneschi, Filippo Martinelli; Voza, Antonio title: The role of anti-hypertensive treatment, comorbidities and early introduction of LMWH in the setting of COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study in Northern Italy() date: 2020-09-25 journal: Int J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.062 sha: doc_id: 319022 cord_uid: 1twsxzcd file: cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.json key: cord-319232-qowtuhh6 authors: Brazil, Victoria; Lowe, Belinda; Ryan, Leanne; Bourke, Rachel; Scott, Clare; Myers, Simone; Kaneko, Hellen; Schweitzer, Jane; Shanahan, Brenton title: Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date: 2020-06-03 journal: Adv Simul (Lond) DOI: 10.1186/s41077-020-00127-z sha: doc_id: 319232 cord_uid: qowtuhh6 file: cache/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.json key: cord-319089-hxpoy4gd authors: Du, Li; Chen, Ya-Min; Li, Ying; Yuan, Wei; Wang, Jian-Shu title: Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews date: 2020-09-18 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022235 sha: doc_id: 319089 cord_uid: hxpoy4gd file: cache/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.json key: cord-318979-1t68f5pp authors: Kihira, Shingo; Morgenstern, Peter F.; Raynes, Hillary; Naidich, Thomas P.; Belani, Puneet title: Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04779-x sha: doc_id: 318979 cord_uid: 1t68f5pp file: cache/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.json key: cord-319269-20sn3yxt authors: Li, Chunrong; Tang, Li; Luo, Yingjuan; Lai, Ting; Gu, Lingling; Wang, Yumei; Yang, Liu; Ran, Longrong; Wen, Rongkang; Lin, Yonghong title: The Prevention and Control Experience of Maternal Health Care from Chengu, China During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-19 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s261821 sha: doc_id: 319269 cord_uid: 20sn3yxt file: cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.json key: cord-319226-yvgvyif0 authors: French, Jeff; Deshpande, Sameer; Evans, William; Obregon, Rafael title: Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date: 2020-08-13 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165893 sha: doc_id: 319226 cord_uid: yvgvyif0 file: cache/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.json key: cord-319268-mqxwwwcd authors: Raj, Sumit; Chouksey, Pradeep; Mishra, Rakesh; Shrivastava, Adesh; Agrawal, Amit title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC” date: 2020-11-03 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.117 sha: doc_id: 319268 cord_uid: mqxwwwcd file: cache/cord-319113-844o9nr2.json key: cord-319113-844o9nr2 authors: AL-Rasheedi, Mabrouk; Alhazmi, Yasir; Mateq Ali, ALreshidi; ALrajhi, Maha; Samah Alharbi, Nayef; Alsuhaibani, Somayah; Mohammed, Alrashidi; Alharbi, Ghaleb title: Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-10 journal: Saudi J Biol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.035 sha: doc_id: 319113 cord_uid: 844o9nr2 file: cache/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.json key: cord-319140-wxe0tpzs authors: Yang, Bin; Wang, Libin; Xu, Guanghai; Duan, Wenshuai; Zhang, Feng; Cui, Chunmao; Wang, Zhijun; Du, Wei; Wu, Xin hua title: Computed tomography findings in a case of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Radiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 319140 cord_uid: wxe0tpzs file: cache/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.json key: cord-319278-d0rgrmd2 authors: Iavarone, Massimo; D’Ambrosio, Roberta; Lampertico, Pietro title: Authors’ reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 319278 cord_uid: d0rgrmd2 file: cache/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.json key: cord-319312-fmfj8bkp authors: Jenab, Yaser; Rezaei, Nima; Hedayat, Behnam; Naderian, Mohammadreza; Shirani, Shapour; Hosseini, Kaveh title: Occurrence of acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular event in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-22 journal: Clin Case Rep DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3112 sha: doc_id: 319312 cord_uid: fmfj8bkp file: cache/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.json key: cord-319256-7pyinx1a authors: Jin, Xin; Duan, Yongwei; Bao, Tengfei; Gu, Junjuan; Chen, Yawen; Li, Yuanyuan; Mao, Shi; Chen, Yongfeng; Xie, Wen title: The values of coagulation function in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241329 sha: doc_id: 319256 cord_uid: 7pyinx1a file: cache/cord-319170-idv2cio4.json key: cord-319170-idv2cio4 authors: Devita, Maria; Bordignon, Alessandra; Sergi, Giuseppe; Coin, Alessandra title: The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals date: 2020-06-24 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01637-6 sha: doc_id: 319170 cord_uid: idv2cio4 file: cache/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.json key: cord-319333-jwbgytwd authors: Radmard, Sara; Epstein, Samantha E.; Roeder, Hannah J.; Michalak, Andrew J.; Shapiro, Steven D.; Boehme, Amelia; Wilson, Tommy J.; Duran, Juan C.; Bain, Jennifer M.; Willey, Joshua Z.; Thakur, Kiran T. title: Inpatient Neurology Consultations During the Onset of the SARS-CoV-2 New York City Pandemic: A Single Center Case Series date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00805 sha: doc_id: 319333 cord_uid: jwbgytwd file: cache/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.json key: cord-319273-ok2p1h9f authors: Lai, Yu-Ju; Chang, Chia-Ming; Lina,, Chi-Kung; Yang, Yi-Ping; Chien, Chian-Shiu; Wang, Peng-Hui; Changa, Cheng-Chang title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the deduction effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in pregnancy date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Chin Med Assoc DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000362 sha: doc_id: 319273 cord_uid: ok2p1h9f file: cache/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.json key: cord-319486-zf3ytsph authors: van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid; Rosendaal, Frits; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis title: FFP2-mondmasker of chirurgisch mondkapje bij COVID-19 date: 2020-04-11 journal: Huisarts Wet DOI: 10.1007/s12445-020-0586-9 sha: doc_id: 319486 cord_uid: zf3ytsph file: cache/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.json key: cord-319418-ao0df0q7 authors: Chire Saire, J. E.; Oblitas Cruz, J. F. title: Study of Coronavirus Impact on Parisian Population from April to June using Twitter and Text Mining Approach date: 2020-08-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.15.20175810 sha: doc_id: 319418 cord_uid: ao0df0q7 file: cache/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.json key: cord-319580-awtp0mpg authors: McCartney, Stephen A.; Kachikis, Alisa; Huebner, Emily M.; Walker, Christie L.; Chandrasekaran, Suchi; Adams Waldorf, Kristina M. title: Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Reprod Immunol DOI: 10.1111/aji.13320 sha: doc_id: 319580 cord_uid: awtp0mpg file: cache/cord-319379-qe56u93a.json key: cord-319379-qe56u93a authors: Patil, Vaishali M.; Singhal, Shipra; Masand, Neeraj title: A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials date: 2020-05-11 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117775 sha: doc_id: 319379 cord_uid: qe56u93a file: cache/cord-319408-841c0g1c.json key: cord-319408-841c0g1c authors: Salvatore, Christine M; Han, Jin-Young; Acker, Karen P; Tiwari, Priyanka; Jin, Jenny; Brandler, Michael; Cangemi, Carla; Gordon, Laurie; Parow, Aimee; DiPace, Jennifer; DeLaMora, Patricia title: Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study date: 2020-07-23 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30235-2 sha: doc_id: 319408 cord_uid: 841c0g1c file: cache/cord-319241-div9rzax.json key: cord-319241-div9rzax authors: Singh, Bhuchitra; Gornet, Megan; Sims, Holly; Kisanga, Edwina; Knight, Zachary; Segars, James title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its Effect on Gametogenesis and Early Pregnancy date: 2020-09-23 journal: Am J Reprod Immunol DOI: 10.1111/aji.13351 sha: doc_id: 319241 cord_uid: div9rzax file: cache/cord-319804-i5oprni9.json key: cord-319804-i5oprni9 authors: Mahajan, Ashutosh; Sivadas, Namitha A; Solanki, Ravi title: An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India date: 2020-07-28 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110156 sha: doc_id: 319804 cord_uid: i5oprni9 file: cache/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.json key: cord-319575-i5iq5qn4 authors: Ramachandran, R.; Jha, Vivekanand title: Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India date: 2020-04-25 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.019 sha: doc_id: 319575 cord_uid: i5iq5qn4 file: cache/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.json key: cord-319248-ynoxec7k authors: Matsuyama, Toshifumi; Kubli, Shawn P.; Yoshinaga, Steven K.; Pfeffer, Klaus; Mak, Tak W. title: An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 journal: Cell Death Differ DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7 sha: doc_id: 319248 cord_uid: ynoxec7k file: cache/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.json key: cord-319706-2e9jrv0s authors: Ebinger, Joseph E.; Achamallah, Natalie; Ji, Hongwei; Claggett, Brian L.; Sun, Nancy; Botting, Patrick; Nguyen, Trevor-Trung; Luong, Eric; Kim, Elizabeth H.; Park, Eunice; Liu, Yunxian; Rosenberry, Ryan; Matusov, Yuri; Zhao, Steven; Pedraza, Isabel; Zaman, Tanzira; Thompson, Michael; Raedschelders, Koen; Berg, Anders H.; Grein, Jonathan D.; Noble, Paul W.; Chugh, Sumeet S.; Bairey Merz, C. Noel; Marbán, Eduardo; Van Eyk, Jennifer E.; Solomon, Scott D.; Albert, Christine M.; Chen, Peter; Cheng, Susan title: Pre-existing traits associated with Covid-19 illness severity date: 2020-07-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236240 sha: doc_id: 319706 cord_uid: 2e9jrv0s file: cache/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.json key: cord-319519-mb9ofh12 authors: Ding, J.; Hostallero, D. E.; El Khili, M. R.; Fonseca, G. J.; Milette, S.; Noorah, N.; Guay-Belzile, M.; Spicer, J.; Daneshtalab, N.; Sirois, M.; Tremblay, K.; Emad, A.; Rousseau, S. title: A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes' interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144121 sha: doc_id: 319519 cord_uid: mb9ofh12 file: cache/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.json key: cord-319707-j8y9gt2o authors: Kato, Verstrepen; Laure, Baisier; Harald, De Cauwer title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-06-19 journal: Acta Neurol Belg DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01412-4 sha: doc_id: 319707 cord_uid: j8y9gt2o file: cache/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.json key: cord-319382-97iwwsfg authors: Sripadma, Dr. P.V.; Rai, Dr. Ashish; Wadhwa, Dr. Chetan title: Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patient- An Obstetric Emergency date: 2020-09-26 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105357 sha: doc_id: 319382 cord_uid: 97iwwsfg file: cache/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.json key: cord-319728-d0kf9gme authors: Lucchini, Matteo; Bianco, Assunta; Giacomo, Paola Del; De Fino, Chiara; Nociti, Viviana; Mirabella, Massimiliano title: Is serological response to SARS-CoV-2 preserved in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment? A case report date: 2020-06-22 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102323 sha: doc_id: 319728 cord_uid: d0kf9gme file: cache/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.json key: cord-319741-vgtd2whz authors: Ranjan, Piyush; Kumar, Arvind; Chowdhury, Souradeep; Pandey, Shivam; Choudhary, Aashish; Bhattacharya, Aakashneel; Singh, Amandeep; Pandey, Ravindra M.; Wig, Naveet; Vikram, Naval K. title: Is excess weight a risk factor for the development of COVID 19 infection? A preliminary report from India date: 2020-09-09 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.012 sha: doc_id: 319741 cord_uid: vgtd2whz file: cache/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.json key: cord-319742-ypkt01rn authors: Asgharpour, Masoumeh; Mehdinezhad, Hamed; Bayani, Masoumeh; Zavareh, Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad; Hamidi, Seyed Hossein; Akbari, Roghayeh; Ghadimi, Reza; Bijani, Ali; Mouodi, Simin title: Effectiveness of extracorporeal blood purification (hemoadsorption) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-20 journal: BMC Nephrol DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02020-3 sha: doc_id: 319742 cord_uid: ypkt01rn file: cache/cord-319436-mlitd45q.json key: cord-319436-mlitd45q authors: Brinati, D.; Campagner, A.; Ferrari, D.; Locatelli, M.; Banfi, G.; Cabitza, F. title: Detection of COVID-19 Infection from Routine Blood Exams with Machine Learning: a Feasibility Study date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075143 sha: doc_id: 319436 cord_uid: mlitd45q file: cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.json key: cord-319837-5avoulan authors: Raman, Eshwara V.; Shivnani, Deepa title: Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date: 2020-07-27 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01989-5 sha: doc_id: 319837 cord_uid: 5avoulan file: cache/cord-319538-bawzonq1.json key: cord-319538-bawzonq1 authors: Krause, Martin; Douin, David J.; Tran, Timothy T.; Fernandez-Bustamante, Ana; Aftab, Muhammad; Bartels, Karsten title: Association between procalcitonin levels and duration of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-18 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239174 sha: doc_id: 319538 cord_uid: bawzonq1 file: cache/cord-319860-zouscolw.json key: cord-319860-zouscolw authors: Wu, Jianhua; Mamas, Mamas A; Mohamed, Mohamed O; Kwok, Chun Shing; Roebuck, Chris; Humberstone, Ben; Denwood, Tom; Luescher, Thomas; de Belder, Mark A; Deanfield, John E; Gale, Chris P title: Place and causes of acute cardiovascular mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317912 sha: doc_id: 319860 cord_uid: zouscolw file: cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.json key: cord-319853-jr8x5emx authors: De Castro, Leonardo; Lopez, Alexander Atrio; Hamoy, Geohari; Alba, Kriedge Chlare; Gundayao, Joshua Cedric title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 journal: Dev World Bioeth DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12293 sha: doc_id: 319853 cord_uid: jr8x5emx file: cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.json key: cord-319859-6mt34av6 authors: Zhou, Min; Yuan, Fei; Zhao, Xiaolong; Xi, Fanjie; Wen, Xianxiu; Zeng, Li; Zeng, Wenbo; Wu, Haiyan; Zeng, Hui; Zhao, Ziyu title: Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Nurs Open DOI: 10.1002/nop2.580 sha: doc_id: 319859 cord_uid: 6mt34av6 file: cache/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.json key: cord-319823-sp5wibeh authors: Brown, Sherry-Ann; Rhee, June-Wha; Guha, Avirup; Rao, Vijay U. title: Innovation in Precision Cardio-Oncology During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Into a Post-pandemic World date: 2020-08-14 journal: Front Cardiovasc Med DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00145 sha: doc_id: 319823 cord_uid: sp5wibeh file: cache/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.json key: cord-319511-gzanhu4w authors: Silvestris, Erica; Dellino, Miriam; De Palo, Raffaella title: Fertility preservation in cancer patients at the time of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-09 journal: J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101910 sha: doc_id: 319511 cord_uid: gzanhu4w file: cache/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.json key: cord-319920-vn5si7xm authors: Sampogna, Gianluca; Tessitore, Noemi; Bianconi, Tatiana; Leo, Alessandra; Zarbo, Michele; Montanari, Emanuele; Spinelli, Michele title: Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-30 journal: Spinal Cord Ser Cases DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-00341-x sha: doc_id: 319920 cord_uid: vn5si7xm file: cache/cord-319849-3shr5grg.json key: cord-319849-3shr5grg authors: Cheruiyot, Isaac; Sehmi, Prabjot; Ominde, Beryl; Bundi, Paul; Mislani, Musa; Ngure, Brian; Olabu, Beda; Ogeng’o, Julius A. title: Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-11-03 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04870-z sha: doc_id: 319849 cord_uid: 3shr5grg file: cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.json key: cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 authors: Siepmann, Timo; Sedghi, Annahita; Barlinn, Jessica; de With, Katja; Mirow, Lutz; Wolz, Martin; Gruenewald, Thomas; Helbig, Sina; Schroettner, Percy; Winzer, Simon; von Bonin, Simone; Moustafa, Haidar; Pallesen, Lars-Peder; Rosengarten, Bernhard; Schubert, Joerg; Gueldner, Andreas; Spieth, Peter; Koch, Thea; Bornstein, Stefan; Reichmann, Heinz; Puetz, Volker; Barlinn, Kristian title: Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10121-0 sha: doc_id: 319805 cord_uid: b6ypt5d0 file: cache/cord-319615-p2labgd8.json key: cord-319615-p2labgd8 authors: Schulman, Sam title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date: 2020-05-11 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710337 sha: doc_id: 319615 cord_uid: p2labgd8 file: cache/cord-319899-nso0ob27.json key: cord-319899-nso0ob27 authors: Wilke, Jan; Mohr, Lisa; Tenforde, Adam S.; Edouard, Pascal; Fossati, Chiara; González-Gross, Marcela; Ramirez, Celso Sanchez; Laiño, Fernando; Tan, Benedict; Pillay, Julian David; Pigozzi, Fabio; Jimenez-Pavon, David; Novak, Bernhard; Url, David; Zhang, Mandy; van Poppel, Mireille; Heidt, Christoph; Willwacher, Steffen; Vogt, Lutz; Verhagen, Evert; Hollander, Karsten; Hespanhol, Luiz; Yuki, Gustavo title: Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186515 sha: doc_id: 319899 cord_uid: nso0ob27 file: cache/cord-320031-e328fesl.json key: cord-320031-e328fesl authors: Loforte, Antonio; Dal Checco, Erika; Gliozzi, Gregorio; Benedetto, Maria; Cavalli, Giulio Giovanni; Mariani, Carlo; Piccone, Giulia; Agulli, Marta; Pacini, Davide; Baiocchi, Massimo title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience date: 2020-06-01 journal: ASAIO J DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001198 sha: doc_id: 320031 cord_uid: e328fesl file: cache/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.json key: cord-319851-mhnp42xo authors: Cao, Xiaoling; Wang, Hui; Tan, Wenbin title: Authors’ response to letter by Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero, “Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19” date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Clin Lipidol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 319851 cord_uid: mhnp42xo file: cache/cord-319876-psilbis0.json key: cord-319876-psilbis0 authors: Zhu, Jian; Wu, Yabin title: COVID-19 Epidemic: Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Pediatric Isolation Ward date: 2020-07-09 journal: Clin Pediatr (Phila) DOI: 10.1177/0009922820941228 sha: doc_id: 319876 cord_uid: psilbis0 file: cache/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.json key: cord-319930-ymqnb54a authors: Kremer, Stéphane; Lersy, François; de Sèze, Jérome; Ferré, Jean-Christophe; Maamar, Adel; Carsin-Nicol, Béatrice; Collange, Olivier; Bonneville, Fabrice; Adam, Gilles; Martin-Blondel, Guillaume; Rafiq, Marie; Geeraerts, Thomas; Delamarre, Louis; Grand, Sylvie; Krainik, Alexandre; Caillard, Sophie; Marc Constans, Jean; Metanbou, Serge; Heintz, Adrien; Helms, Julie; Schenck, Maleka; Lefèbvre, Nicolas; Boutet, Claire; Fabre, Xavier; Forestier, Géraud; de Beaurepaire, Isaure; Bornet, Grégoire; Lacalm, Audrey; Oesterlé, Hélène; Bolognini, Federico; Messie, Julien; Hmeydia, Ghazi; Benzakoun, Joseph; Oppenheim, Catherine; Bapst, Blanche; Megdiche, Imen; Henri-Feugeas, Marie-Cécile; Khalil, Antoine; Gaudemer, Augustin; Jager, Lavinia; Nesser, Patrick; Talla Mba, Yannick; Hemmert, Céline; Feuerstein, Philippe; Sebag, Nathan; Carré, Sophie; Alleg, Manel; Lecocq, Claire; Schmitt, Emmanuelle; Anxionnat, René; Zhu, François; Comby, Pierre-Olivier; Ricolfi, Frédéric; Thouant, Pierre; Desal, Hubert; Boulouis, Grégoire; Berge, Jérome; Kazémi, Apolline; Pyatigorskaya, Nadya; Lecler, Augustin; Saleme, Suzana; Edjlali-Goujon, Myriam; Kerleroux, Basile; Zorn, Pierre-Emmanuel; Mathieu, Muriel; Baloglu, Seyyid; Ardellier, François-Daniel; Willaume, Thibault; Brisset, Jean Christophe; Boulay, Clotilde; Mutschler, Véronique; Hansmann, Yves; Mertes, Paul-Michel; Schneider, Francis; Fafi-Kremer, Samira; Ohana, Mickael; Meziani, Ferhat; David, Jean-Stéphane; Meyer, Nicolas; Anheim, Mathieu; Cotton, Pr François title: Brain MRI Findings in Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-06-16 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020202222 sha: doc_id: 319930 cord_uid: ymqnb54a file: cache/cord-319910-s2e56ety.json key: cord-319910-s2e56ety authors: Jani, B. D.; Ho, F. K.; Lowe, D. J.; MacBride-Stewart, S.; Mair, F. S.; Pell, J. P. title: Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations: A general population cohort study of 1.3 million date: 2020-09-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20196436 sha: doc_id: 319910 cord_uid: s2e56ety file: cache/cord-320067-929h6arn.json key: cord-320067-929h6arn authors: Facheris, Paola; Valenti, Mario; Pavia, Giulia; Gargiulo, Luigi; Narcisi, Alessandra; Costanzo, Antonio; Borroni, Riccardo G. title: Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab date: 2020-06-18 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15008 sha: doc_id: 320067 cord_uid: 929h6arn file: cache/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.json key: cord-319780-rfj9t99r authors: Alexander, S.P.H.; Armstrong, J.; Davenport, A.P.; Davies, J.; Faccenda, E.; Harding, S.D.; Levi‐Schaffer, F.; Maguire, J.J.; Pawson, A.J.; Southan, C.; Spedding, M.J. title: A rational roadmap for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29 date: 2020-05-01 journal: Br J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/bph.15094 sha: doc_id: 319780 cord_uid: rfj9t99r file: cache/cord-320025-omz1fou9.json key: cord-320025-omz1fou9 authors: Di Girolamo, Nicola; Meursinge Reynders, Reint title: Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial 3 months of the pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Scientometrics DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03632-0 sha: doc_id: 320025 cord_uid: omz1fou9 file: cache/cord-319998-dkk2motm.json key: cord-319998-dkk2motm authors: Ho, Jing-Mao; Li, Yao-Tai; Whitworth, Katherine title: Unequal discourses: Problems of the current model of world health development date: 2020-09-09 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105176 sha: doc_id: 319998 cord_uid: dkk2motm file: cache/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.json key: cord-319885-8qyavs7m authors: Chan, Stephen; Chu, Jeffrey; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Nadarajah, Saralees title: Count regression models for COVID-19 date: 2021-02-01 journal: Physica A DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125460 sha: doc_id: 319885 cord_uid: 8qyavs7m file: cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.json key: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv authors: Frountzas, Maximos; Nikolaou, Christina; Schizas, Dimitrios; Toutouzas, Konstantinos G. title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 319865 cord_uid: g3qxu6uv file: cache/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.json key: cord-319912-fc9tmx96 authors: Ciminelli, Gabriele; Garcia-Mandicó, Sílvia title: COVID-19 in Italy: An Analysis of Death Registry Data date: 2020-09-16 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa165 sha: doc_id: 319912 cord_uid: fc9tmx96 file: cache/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.json key: cord-320064-kjvfe8sv authors: Soeroto, Arto Yuwono; Soetedjo, Nanny Natalia; Purwiga, Aga; Santoso, Prayudi; Kulsum, Iceu Dimas; Suryadinata, Hendarsyah; Ferdian, Ferdy title: Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-28 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.029 sha: doc_id: 320064 cord_uid: kjvfe8sv file: cache/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.json key: cord-320063-n9qzbnup authors: Calender, Alain; Israel-Biet, Dominique; Valeyre, Dominique; Pacheco, Yves title: Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis date: 2020-08-10 journal: Trends Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 320063 cord_uid: n9qzbnup file: cache/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.json key: cord-320045-qhk01o9m authors: Gralnek, Ian M.; Hassan, Cesare; Beilenhoff, Ulrike; Antonelli, Giulio; Ebigbo, Alanna; Pellisè, Maria; Arvanitakis, Marianna; Bhandari, Pradeep; Bisschops, Raf; Van Hooft, Jeanin E.; Kaminski, Michal F.; Triantafyllou, Konstantinos; Webster, George; Pohl, Heiko; Dunkley, Irene; Fehrke, Björn; Gazic, Mario; Gjergek, Tatjana; Maasen, Siiri; Waagenes, Wendy; de Pater, Marjon; Ponchon, Thierry; Siersema, Peter D.; Messmann, Helmut; Dinis-Ribeiro, Mario title: ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 journal: Endoscopy DOI: 10.1055/a-1155-6229 sha: doc_id: 320045 cord_uid: qhk01o9m file: cache/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.json key: cord-320104-cgzqwbzs authors: Lester, Paula E.; Holahan, Timothy; Siskind, David; Healy, Elaine title: Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.058 sha: doc_id: 320104 cord_uid: cgzqwbzs file: cache/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.json key: cord-319983-e4f2sfl4 authors: Tripathi, Shweta; Tripathi, Mayukh Mani title: The COVID-19: Current understanding date: 2020-09-26 journal: Vet World DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1998-2005 sha: doc_id: 319983 cord_uid: e4f2sfl4 file: cache/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.json key: cord-319868-rtt9i7wu authors: Majeed, Taban; Rashid, Rasber; Ali, Dashti; Asaad, Aras title: Issues associated with deploying CNN transfer learning to detect COVID-19 from chest X-rays date: 2020-10-06 journal: Phys Eng Sci Med DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00934-8 sha: doc_id: 319868 cord_uid: rtt9i7wu file: cache/cord-319908-10b7de22.json key: cord-319908-10b7de22 authors: Naser, Abdallah Y; Dahmash, Eman Zmaily; Alwafi, Hassan; Alsairafi, Zahra Khalil; Al Rajeh, Ahmed M.; Alhartani, Yosra J; Turkistani, Fawaz Mohammad; Alyami, Hamad S. title: Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560 sha: doc_id: 319908 cord_uid: 10b7de22 file: cache/cord-320136-k4204pb6.json key: cord-320136-k4204pb6 authors: Razum, Oliver; Penning, Verena; Mohsenpour, Amir; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan title: Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD jetzt weiter stärken date: 2020-04-23 journal: Gesundheitswesen DOI: 10.1055/a-1154-5063 sha: doc_id: 320136 cord_uid: k4204pb6 file: cache/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.json key: cord-320022-e3ti4doi authors: Lee, Jin; Kim, Ki Hwan; Kang, Hyun Mi; Kim, Jong-Hyun title: Do We Really Need to Isolate All Children with COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities? date: 2020-07-22 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 sha: doc_id: 320022 cord_uid: e3ti4doi file: cache/cord-320100-kyvje05n.json key: cord-320100-kyvje05n authors: Zingone, Fabiana; Casadei, Cesare; Farinati, Fabio; Savarino, Edoardo title: No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy date: 2020-05-15 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 320100 cord_uid: kyvje05n file: cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.json key: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 authors: Mazingi, Dennis; Ihediwa, George; Ford, Kathryn; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O; Lakhoo, Kokila title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 sha: doc_id: 320127 cord_uid: 55h4hhm3 file: cache/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.json key: cord-320158-6dh9e5rg authors: Hansen, Richard; Meade, Susanna; Beattie, R Mark; Auth, Marcus KH; Croft, Nick; Davies, Philip; Devadason, David; Docherty, Conor; Epstein, Jenny; Howarth, Lucy; Kiparissi, Fevronia; Muhammed, Rafeeq; Shivamurthy, Vinay; Spray, Christine; Stanton, Michael P; Torrente, Franco; Urs, Arun; Wilson, David; Irving, Peter M; Samaan, Mark; Kammermeier, Jochen title: Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel date: 2020-09-01 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322449 sha: doc_id: 320158 cord_uid: 6dh9e5rg file: cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.json key: cord-320262-9zxgaprl authors: Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K.; Owusu, M.A.; Jin, Zhen; Oduro, F.T.; Abidemi, Afeez; Gyasi, Esther Opoku title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date: 2020-07-10 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110103 sha: doc_id: 320262 cord_uid: 9zxgaprl file: cache/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.json key: cord-320065-zxh8u4eg authors: Patel, Pious D.; Kelly, Katherine A.; Reynolds, Rebecca A.; Turer, Robert W.; Salwi, Sanjana; Rosenbloom, S. Trent; Bonfield, Christopher M.; Naftel, Robert P. title: Tracking the Volume of Neurosurgical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-27 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.176 sha: doc_id: 320065 cord_uid: zxh8u4eg file: cache/cord-320092-0qnvydux.json key: cord-320092-0qnvydux authors: Ehsani, Sepehr title: COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein date: 2020-10-16 journal: Biol Direct DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2 sha: doc_id: 320092 cord_uid: 0qnvydux file: cache/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.json key: cord-320149-3q4q98a6 authors: Di Carlo, Davide Tiziano; Montemurro, Nicola; Petrella, Giandomenico; Siciliano, Gabriele; Ceravolo, Roberto; Perrini, Paolo title: Exploring the clinical association between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: a systematic review of current literature date: 2020-08-01 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09978-y sha: doc_id: 320149 cord_uid: 3q4q98a6 file: cache/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.json key: cord-320082-gbli8zn2 authors: Zadnik, Vesna; Mihor, Ana; Tomsic, Sonja; Zagar, Tina; Bric, Nika; Lokar, Katarina; Oblak, Irena title: Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Slovenia – Preliminary Results date: 2020-07-29 journal: Radiol Oncol DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0048 sha: doc_id: 320082 cord_uid: gbli8zn2 file: cache/cord-320247-123v1ddf.json key: cord-320247-123v1ddf authors: Sheng, Wang-Huei; Ko, Wen-Chien; Huang, Yhu-Chering; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.033 sha: doc_id: 320247 cord_uid: 123v1ddf file: cache/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.json key: cord-320331-wtxja5i9 authors: Cabbab, Iris Louise N.; Manalo, Rafael Vincent M. title: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Current Knowledge and Potential Effects on Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-10-08 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198190 sha: doc_id: 320331 cord_uid: wtxja5i9 file: cache/cord-320145-582kmoyo.json key: cord-320145-582kmoyo authors: Cardinal, R. N.; Meiser-Stedman, C. E.; Christmas, D. M.; Price, A. C.; Denman, C.; Underwood, B. R.; Shanquan, C.; Banerjee, S. N.; White, S. R.; Su, L.; Ford, T. J.; Chamberlain, S. R.; Walsh, C. M. title: Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering date: 2020-05-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081505 sha: doc_id: 320145 cord_uid: 582kmoyo file: cache/cord-320139-yfm640jl.json key: cord-320139-yfm640jl authors: Sun, R.; Ammari, S.; Achkar, S.; Bockel, S.; Douir, N.; Mevel, G.; Diop, K.; Corbin, S.; Hubert, F.; Brusadin, G.; Merad, M.; Ka, K.; Bossi, A.; Rivera, S.; Chargari, C.; Deutsch, É. title: Dépistage systématique de l’épidémie à coronavirus 2019 en radiothérapie par scanographie thoracique et PCR : expérience d’un centre date: 2020-10-31 journal: Cancer/Radiothérapie DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 320139 cord_uid: yfm640jl file: cache/cord-320147-29a7njqi.json key: cord-320147-29a7njqi authors: Mendes, Luís title: How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon date: 2020-06-23 journal: Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12450 sha: doc_id: 320147 cord_uid: 29a7njqi file: cache/cord-320267-n21jryi2.json key: cord-320267-n21jryi2 authors: AlShoaibi, Naeem A.; Maghrabi, Khadijah; Alanazi, Haitham; Harbi, Mousa Al; Alghamdi, Saleh title: Saudi Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Management of Potential Arrhythmogenicity Associated with Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 journal: Ann Saudi Med DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.365 sha: doc_id: 320267 cord_uid: n21jryi2 file: cache/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.json key: cord-320350-zeeozmm9 authors: Nisoli, Enzo; Cinti, Saverio; Valerio, Alessandra title: COVID-19 and Hartnup disease: an affair of intestinal amino acid malabsorption date: 2020-07-20 journal: Eat Weight Disord DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00963-y sha: doc_id: 320350 cord_uid: zeeozmm9 file: cache/cord-320315-p85irulf.json key: cord-320315-p85irulf authors: Pulia, Michael S.; Wolf, Ian; Schulz, Lucas T.; Pop-Vicas, Aurora; Schwei, Rebecca J.; Lindenauer, Peter K. title: COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department date: 2020-08-07 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48848 sha: doc_id: 320315 cord_uid: p85irulf file: cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.json key: cord-320344-z3l7dvyd authors: Hotopf, Matthew; Bullmore, Ed; O'Connor, Rory C.; Holmes, Emily A. title: The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date: 2020-06-04 journal: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.125 sha: doc_id: 320344 cord_uid: z3l7dvyd file: cache/cord-320270-lduhhdld.json key: cord-320270-lduhhdld authors: Obek, Can; Doganca, Tunkut; Argun, Omer Burak; Kural, Ali Riza title: Management of prostate cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0258-7 sha: doc_id: 320270 cord_uid: lduhhdld file: cache/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.json key: cord-320447-nq9f1gmu authors: Lins, Muriel; Vandevenne, Jan; Thillai, Muhunthan; Lavon, Ben R.; Lanclus, Maarten; Bonte, Stijn; Godon, Rik; Kendall, Irvin; De Backer, Jan; De Backer, Wilfried title: Assessment of small pulmonary blood vessels in COVID-19 patients using HRCT date: 2020-07-25 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.019 sha: doc_id: 320447 cord_uid: nq9f1gmu file: cache/cord-320455-doup2bqq.json key: cord-320455-doup2bqq authors: Werion, Alexis; Belkhir, Leila; Perrot, Marie; Schmit, Gregory; Aydin, Selda; Chen, Zhiyong; Penaloza, Andrea; De Greef, Julien; Yildiz, Halil; Pothen, Lucie; Yombi, Jean Cyr; Dewulf, Joseph; Scohy, Anais; Gérard, Ludovic; Wittebole, Xavier; Laterre, Pierre-François; Miller, Sara E.; Devuyst, Olivier; Jadoul, Michel; Morelle, Johann title: SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Specific Dysfunction of the Kidney Proximal Tubule date: 2020-08-10 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.019 sha: doc_id: 320455 cord_uid: doup2bqq file: cache/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.json key: cord-320208-uih4jf8w authors: Li, Diya; Chaudhary, Harshita; Zhang, Zhe title: Modeling Spatiotemporal Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Caused by COVID-19 Using Social Media Data Mining date: 2020-07-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144988 sha: doc_id: 320208 cord_uid: uih4jf8w file: cache/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.json key: cord-320460-7b8lqhl8 authors: Shapira, G.; Shomron, N.; Gurwitz, D. title: Ethnic differences in SERPINA1 allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID-19 fatality rates date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20179226 sha: doc_id: 320460 cord_uid: 7b8lqhl8 file: cache/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.json key: cord-320349-6hbuq0k7 authors: Zhou, Hua; Huang, Huibin; Xie, Xiaolei; Gao, Jiandong; Wu, Ji; Zhu, Yan; He, Wei; Liu, Jingyuan; Li, Ang; Xu, Yuan title: Development of early warning and rapid response system for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): A research protocol date: 2020-08-21 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021874 sha: doc_id: 320349 cord_uid: 6hbuq0k7 file: cache/cord-320426-fber0yzi.json key: cord-320426-fber0yzi authors: Xia, Tianyi; Li, Jiawei; Gao, Jiao; Xu, Xunhua title: Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 journal: Korean J Radiol DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0240 sha: doc_id: 320426 cord_uid: fber0yzi file: cache/cord-320361-lld2oib2.json key: cord-320361-lld2oib2 authors: Jackman, Deirdre; Konkin, Jill; Yonge, Olive; Myrick, Florence; Cockell, Jim title: Crisis and continuity: Rural health care students respond to the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-22 journal: Nurse Educ Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102892 sha: doc_id: 320361 cord_uid: lld2oib2 file: cache/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.json key: cord-320360-2qpcot6p authors: Gumel, A. B.; Iboi, E. A.; Ngonghala, C. N. title: Will an imperfect vaccine curtail the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.? date: 2020-05-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20097428 sha: doc_id: 320360 cord_uid: 2qpcot6p file: cache/cord-320530-5xltmc65.json key: cord-320530-5xltmc65 authors: Bozorgmehr, Kayvan title: Power of and power over COVID-19 response guidelines date: 2020-10-05 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32081-x sha: doc_id: 320530 cord_uid: 5xltmc65 file: cache/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.json key: cord-320474-jyk7zphp authors: Bonaventura, Aldo; Vecchié, Alessandra; Wang, Tisha S.; Lee, Elinor; Cremer, Paul C.; Carey, Brenna; Rajendram, Prabalini; Hudock, Kristin M.; Korbee, Leslie; Van Tassell, Benjamin W.; Dagna, Lorenzo; Abbate, Antonio title: Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies date: 2020-07-03 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01625 sha: doc_id: 320474 cord_uid: jyk7zphp file: cache/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.json key: cord-320389-zgujsi9c authors: Kalfaoglu, Bahire; Almeida-Santos, José; Tye, Chanidapa Adele; Satou, Yorifumi; Ono, Masahiro title: T-cell dysregulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.079 sha: doc_id: 320389 cord_uid: zgujsi9c file: cache/cord-320509-3a40djjm.json key: cord-320509-3a40djjm authors: Benke, Christoph; Autenrieth, Lara K.; Asselmann, Eva; Pané-Farré, Christiane A. title: Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany date: 2020-09-18 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462 sha: doc_id: 320509 cord_uid: 3a40djjm file: cache/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.json key: cord-320535-fo4lzcav authors: Geyer, Howard L.; Kaufman, David M.; Parihar, Raminder K.; Mehler, Mark F. title: Movement Disorders in COVID-19: Whither Art Thou? date: 2020-08-12 journal: Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements DOI: 10.5334/tohm.553 sha: doc_id: 320535 cord_uid: fo4lzcav file: cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.json key: cord-320572-94fvtj4a authors: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David; Fumeaux, Thierry; Guerci, Philippe; Heuberger, Dorothea Monika; Montomoli, Jonathan; Roche-Campo, Ferran; Schuepbach, Reto Andreas; Hilty, Matthias Peter title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449 sha: doc_id: 320572 cord_uid: 94fvtj4a file: cache/cord-320614-5qph7yen.json key: cord-320614-5qph7yen authors: Patel, Aniruddh P.; Paranjpe, Manish D.; Kathiresan, Nina P.; Rivas, Manuel A.; Khera, Amit V. title: Race, socioeconomic deprivation, and hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a national biobank date: 2020-07-06 journal: Int J Equity Health DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01227-y sha: doc_id: 320614 cord_uid: 5qph7yen file: cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.json key: cord-320636-mvtux07x authors: Pullano, G.; Di Domenico, L.; Sabbatini, C. E.; Valdano, E.; Turbelin, C.; Debin, M.; Guerrisi, C.; Kengne-Kuetche, C.; Souty, C.; Hanslik, T.; Blanchon, T.; Boëlle, P.-Y.; Figoni, J.; Vaux, S.; Campese, C.; Bernard-Stoecklin, S.; Colizza, V. title: Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date: 2020-08-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20171744 sha: doc_id: 320636 cord_uid: mvtux07x file: cache/cord-320603-pus087p8.json key: cord-320603-pus087p8 authors: Ning, Xianjun; Yu, Fang; Huang, Qin; Li, Xi; Luo, Yunfang; Huang, Qing; Chen, Changqing title: The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-05 journal: BMC Psychiatry DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02838-z sha: doc_id: 320603 cord_uid: pus087p8 file: cache/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.json key: cord-320499-76o2zj0v authors: Davoodi, Lotfollah; Jafarpour, Hamed; Kazeminejad, Armaghan; Soleymani, Eissa; Akbari, Zahra; Razavi, Alireza title: Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report date: 2020-06-25 journal: Oxf Med Case Reports DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omaa042 sha: doc_id: 320499 cord_uid: 76o2zj0v file: cache/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.json key: cord-320645-wu0sdbrk authors: Hakim, Radwan; Motreff, Pascal; Range, Grégoire title: COVID-19 et SCA ST+ date: 2020-10-01 journal: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.034 sha: doc_id: 320645 cord_uid: wu0sdbrk file: cache/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.json key: cord-320647-a3wf2sl1 authors: Liu, Qi; Lu, Huan; Chen, Rongchang title: Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01688-9 sha: doc_id: 320647 cord_uid: a3wf2sl1 file: cache/cord-320740-npoje09j.json key: cord-320740-npoje09j authors: Musa, Arif; Pendi, Kasim; Hashemi, Areio; Warbasse, Elizabeth; Kouyoumjian, Sarkis; Yousif, Jenna; Blodget, Emily; Stevens, Susan; Aly, Besma; Baron, David A. title: Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-20 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47658 sha: doc_id: 320740 cord_uid: npoje09j file: cache/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.json key: cord-320625-ggx33mpt authors: Lipworth, Brian; Chan, Rory; Kuo, Chris RuiWen title: Use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and coronavirus disease 2019: Keep calm and carry on date: 2020-07-01 journal: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 320625 cord_uid: ggx33mpt file: cache/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.json key: cord-320656-5gu6ejul authors: Moran, Joseph V; Godil, Sara A; Goldner, Breanna; Godil, Kareem; Aslam, Jonaid title: Post-Extubation Stridor Complicating COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series date: 2020-09-16 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10492 sha: doc_id: 320656 cord_uid: 5gu6ejul file: cache/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.json key: cord-320514-nd6c1xjn authors: Ari, Selma; Can, Veysi; Demir, Ömer Furkan; Ari, Hasan; Ağca, Fahriye Vatansever; Melek, Mehmet; Çamci, Sencer; Dikiş, Özlem Şengören; Huysal, Kağan; Türk, Tamer title: Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Hematop DOI: 10.1007/s12308-020-00419-3 sha: doc_id: 320514 cord_uid: nd6c1xjn file: cache/cord-320663-xypg6evo.json key: cord-320663-xypg6evo authors: Market, Marisa; Angka, Leonard; Martel, Andre B.; Bastin, Donald; Olanubi, Oladunni; Tennakoon, Gayashan; Boucher, Dominique M.; Ng, Juliana; Ardolino, Michele; Auer, Rebecca C. title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies date: 2020-06-23 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512 sha: doc_id: 320663 cord_uid: xypg6evo file: cache/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.json key: cord-320689-upxsdgqd authors: Shetty, Sameep S.; Wollenberg, Barbara; Shabadi, Nikita; Shivappa Kudpaje, Akshay; Rao, Vishal; Merchant, Yash title: Vicissitudes in oncological care during COVID19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104782 sha: doc_id: 320689 cord_uid: upxsdgqd file: cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.json key: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 authors: Kumar, Harender; Azad, Amaanuddin; Gupta, Ankit; Sharma, Jitendra; Bherwani, Hemant; Labhsetwar, Nitin Kumar; Kumar, Rakesh title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01033-0 sha: doc_id: 320640 cord_uid: 5m6sqwq8 file: cache/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.json key: cord-320811-9sm7iz5x authors: Harkin, Denis W. title: Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic, review article date: 2020-06-08 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 320811 cord_uid: 9sm7iz5x file: cache/cord-320773-zisujjsx.json key: cord-320773-zisujjsx authors: Sabat, Iryna; Neuman-Böhme, Sebastian; Varghese, Nirosha Elsem; Barros, Pedro Pita; Brouwer, Werner; van Exel, Job; Schreyögg, Jonas; Stargardt, Tom title: United but divided: policy responses and people's perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-22 journal: Health Policy DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 320773 cord_uid: zisujjsx file: cache/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.json key: cord-320681-b3ui95vx authors: Zhang, Rui; Wang, Xuebin; Ni, Leng; Di, Xiao; Ma, Baitao; Niu, Shuai; Liu, Changwei; Reiter, Russel J. title: COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment date: 2020-06-01 journal: Life Sciences DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117583 sha: doc_id: 320681 cord_uid: b3ui95vx file: cache/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.json key: cord-320895-y6pzrbdi authors: Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Ghoddoosi-Nejad, Djavad title: COVID-19 in Iran: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Strategies for Preparedness – A Report From the Field date: 2020-09-27 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.261 sha: doc_id: 320895 cord_uid: y6pzrbdi file: cache/cord-320632-369kax2m.json key: cord-320632-369kax2m authors: Song, Yang; Zhang, Min; Yin, Ling; Wang, Kunkun; Zhou, Yiyi; Zhou, Mi; Lu, Yun title: COVID-19 Treatment: Close to a Cure? – A Rapid Review of Pharmacotherapies for the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-07-04 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106080 sha: doc_id: 320632 cord_uid: 369kax2m file: cache/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.json key: cord-320661-p7tyfqyu authors: Branson, Rich; Dichter, Jeffrey R.; Feldman, Henry; Devereaux, Asha; Dries, David; Perry, John F.; Benditt, Joshua; Hossain, Tanzib; Ghazipura, Marya; King, Mary; Baldisseri, Marie; Christian, Michael D.; Domingiuez-Cherit, Guillermo; Henry, Kiersten; Martland, Anne Marie O.; Huffines, Meredith; Ornoff, Doug; Persoff, Jason; Rodriquez, Dario; Maves, Ryan C.; Kissoon, Niranjan Tex; Rubinson, Lewis title: The US Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Ventilators in COVID-19: A Comparison of Functionality and Analysis regarding the Emergency Purchase of 200,000 devices. date: 2020-09-21 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.085 sha: doc_id: 320661 cord_uid: p7tyfqyu file: cache/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.json key: cord-320815-p9oh54nt authors: Gentile, Pietro; Sterodimas, Aris; Pizzicannella, Jacopo; Calabrese, Claudio; Garcovich, Simone title: Research progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs), Drugs, and Vaccines in Inhibiting COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-10-01 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0711 sha: doc_id: 320815 cord_uid: p9oh54nt file: cache/cord-320860-qt84oicg.json key: cord-320860-qt84oicg authors: Zhang, Aining; Leng, Yan; Zhang, Yi; Wu, Kefan; Ji, Yelong; Lei, Shaoqing; Xia, Zhongyuan title: Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.021 sha: doc_id: 320860 cord_uid: qt84oicg file: cache/cord-320673-4guarm0k.json key: cord-320673-4guarm0k authors: Lopera, E.; van der Graaf, A.; Lanting, P.; van der Geest, M.; Lifelines Cohort Study,; Fu, J.; Swertz, M.; Franke, L.; Wijmenga, C.; Deelen, P.; Zhernakova, A.; Sanna, S. title: Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074963 sha: doc_id: 320673 cord_uid: 4guarm0k file: cache/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.json key: cord-320892-dcfi5u04 authors: Kaidi, Austin C.; Held, Michael B.; Boddapati, Venkat; Trofa, David P.; Neuwirth, Alexander L. title: Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report date: 2020-07-14 journal: Arthroplast Today DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 320892 cord_uid: dcfi5u04 file: cache/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.json key: cord-320646-xk77u4g0 authors: Zumla, Alimuddin; Niederman, Michael S. title: The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security date: 2020-04-09 journal: Curr Opin Pulm Med DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000676 sha: doc_id: 320646 cord_uid: xk77u4g0 file: cache/cord-320822-etibcspx.json key: cord-320822-etibcspx authors: Wright, Franklin L.; Vogler, Thomas O.; Moore, Ernest E.; Moore, Hunter B.; Wohlauer, Max V.; Urban, Shane; Nydam, Trevor L.; Moore, Peter K.; McIntyre, Robert C. title: Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 320822 cord_uid: etibcspx file: cache/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.json key: cord-320902-1hfxju5f authors: Filocamo, Giovanni; Mangioni, Davide; Tagliabue, Paola; Aliberti, Stefano; Costantino, Giorgio; Minoia, Francesca; Bandera, Alessandra title: Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-05-11 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 320902 cord_uid: 1hfxju5f file: cache/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.json key: cord-320877-1i0hzfjk authors: KIYKAÇ ALTINBAŞ, Şadıman; TAPISIZ, Ömer Lütfi; ENGİN ÜSTÜN, Yaprak title: Gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-272 sha: doc_id: 320877 cord_uid: 1i0hzfjk file: cache/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.json key: cord-320755-0zpnwl2k authors: Mateen, Farrah J.; Rezaei, Shawheen; Alakel, Nicholas; Gazdag, Brittany; Kumar, Aditya Ravi; Vogel, Andre title: Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. and Canadian neurologists’ therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10045-9 sha: doc_id: 320755 cord_uid: 0zpnwl2k file: cache/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.json key: cord-320888-mn7btxy2 authors: Ameh, C. A.; Banke-Thomas, A. A.; Balogun, M.; Makwe, C. C.; Afolabi, B. title: Reproductive Maternal and Newborn Health providers assessment of facility preparedness and its Determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-09-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.24.20201319 sha: doc_id: 320888 cord_uid: mn7btxy2 file: cache/cord-320785-42p8292o.json key: cord-320785-42p8292o authors: Lobo, Andréa de Paula; Cardoso-dos-Santos, Augusto César; Rocha, Marli Souza; Pinheiro, Rejane Sobrino; Bremm, João Matheus; Macário, Eduardo Marques; Oliveira, Wanderson Klébler de; França, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de title: COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: where we at? date: 2020-06-16 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.044 sha: doc_id: 320785 cord_uid: 42p8292o file: cache/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.json key: cord-320912-jfeu4tho authors: Fukui, M.; Furukawa, C. title: Power Laws in Superspreading Events: Evidence from Coronavirus Outbreaks and Implications for SIR Models date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128058 sha: doc_id: 320912 cord_uid: jfeu4tho file: cache/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.json key: cord-320964-1gg33gdn authors: Sampieri, Clara Luz; Montero, Hilda title: Revisión de nuevas evidencias acerca de la posible transmisión vertical de la COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 journal: Gac Sanit DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 320964 cord_uid: 1gg33gdn file: cache/cord-320935-3n157yl4.json key: cord-320935-3n157yl4 authors: Kumar, Manish; Mohapatra, Sanjeeb; Mazumder, Payal; Singh, Ashwin; Honda, Ryo; Lin, Chuxia; Kumari, Rina; Goswami, Ritusmita; Jha, Pawan Kumar; Vithanage, Meththika; Kuroda, Keisuke title: Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-12 journal: Curr Pollut Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40726-020-00161-5 sha: doc_id: 320935 cord_uid: 3n157yl4 file: cache/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.json key: cord-320823-a1fq6mno authors: Moula, Amalia Ioanna; Micali, Linda Renata; Matteucci, Francesco; Lucà, Fabiana; Rao, Carmelo Massimiliano; Parise, Orlando; Parise, Gianmarco; Gulizia, Michele Massimo; Gelsomino, Sandro title: Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092685 sha: doc_id: 320823 cord_uid: a1fq6mno file: cache/cord-321030-isc3p46t.json key: cord-321030-isc3p46t authors: Rodriguez Socarrás, Moises; Loeb, Stacy; Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun; Ribal, Maria J.; Bloemberg, Jarka; Catto, James; N’Dow, James; Van Poppel, Hendrik; Gómez Rivas, Juan title: Telemedicine and Smart Working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology date: 2020-07-10 journal: Eur Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.031 sha: doc_id: 321030 cord_uid: isc3p46t file: cache/cord-320831-owfnttqr.json key: cord-320831-owfnttqr authors: Klimek, Ludger; Pfaar, Oliver; Worm, Margitta; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bieber, Thomas; Buhl, Roland; Buters, Jeroen; Darsow, Ulf; Keil, Thomas; Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg; Lau, Susanne; Maurer, Marcus; Merk, Hans; Mösges, Ralph; Saloga, Joachim; Staubach, Petra; Stute, Petra; Rabe, Klaus; Rabe, Uta; Vogelmeier, Claus; Biedermann, Tilo; Jung, Kirsten; Schlenter, Wolfgang; Ring, Johannes; Chaker, Adam; Wehrmann, Wolfgang; Becker, Sven; Mülleneisen, Norbert; Nemat, Katja; Czech, Wofgang; Wrede, Holger; Brehler, Randolf; Fuchs, Thomas; Tomazic, Peter-Valentin; Aberer, Werner; Fink-Wagner, Antje; Horak, Friedrich; Wöhrl, Stefan; Niederberger-Leppin, Verena; Pali-Schöll, Isabella; Pohl, Wolfgang; Roller-Wirnsberger, Regina; Spranger, Otto; Valenta, Rudolf; Akdis, Mübecell; Akdis, Cezmi; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin; Jutel, Marek; Matricardi, Paolo; Spertin, FranÇois; Khaltaev, Nikolai; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Nicod, Laurent; Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter; Hamelmann, Eckard; Jakob, Thilo; Werfel, Thomas; Wagenmann, Martin; Taube, Christian; Gerstlauer, Michael; Vogelberg, Christian; Bousquet, Jean; Zuberbier, Torsten title: Allergen immunotherapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A position paper of AeDA, ARIA, EAACI, DGAKI and GPA: Position paper of the German ARIA Group(A) in cooperation with the Austrian ARIA Group(B), the Swiss ARIA Group(C), German Society for Applied Allergology (AEDA)(D), German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI)(E), Society for Pediatric Allergology (GPA)(F) in cooperation with AG Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the DGHNO-KHC(G) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-05-28 journal: Allergol Select DOI: 10.5414/alx02147e sha: doc_id: 320831 cord_uid: owfnttqr file: cache/cord-320920-mceoozy8.json key: cord-320920-mceoozy8 authors: Ali, Zain; Ullah, Waqas; Saeed, Rehan; Ashfaq, Ammar; Lashari, Bilal title: Acute COVID-19 Induced Fulminant Systemic Vascular Thrombosis: A Novel Entity date: 2020-08-14 journal: International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100620 sha: doc_id: 320920 cord_uid: mceoozy8 file: cache/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.json key: cord-320864-k9zksbyt authors: Remes-Troche, J. M.; Valdovinos-Diaz, M. A.; Viebig, R.; Defilippi, C.; Bustos-Fernández, L. M.; Sole, L.; Hani-Amador, A. C. title: Recommendations for the reopening and activity resumption of the neurogastroenterology units in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Position of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología date: 2020-11-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 320864 cord_uid: k9zksbyt file: cache/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.json key: cord-321088-5gu7rnhj authors: Collins, Caitlin; Mahuron, Kelly; Bongiovanni, Tasce; Lancaster, Elizabeth; Sosa, Julie Ann; Wick, Elizabeth title: Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-25 journal: J Surg Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.031 sha: doc_id: 321088 cord_uid: 5gu7rnhj file: cache/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.json key: cord-320980-srpgcy4b authors: Aldila, Dipo; Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H.A.; Safitri, Egi; Anwar, Yusril Rais; Bakry, Aanisah R.Q.; Samiadji, Brenda M.; Anugerah, Demas A.; Alfarizi GH, M. Farhan; Ayulani, Indri D.; Salim, Sheryl N. title: A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia date: 2020-06-28 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110042 sha: doc_id: 320980 cord_uid: srpgcy4b file: cache/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.json key: cord-321044-pfooy6g3 authors: Chiu, Joanne S.; Lahoud-Rahme, Manuella; Schaffer, David; Cohen, Ari; Samuels-Kalow, Margaret title: Kawasaki Disease Features and Myocarditis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 journal: Pediatr Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02393-0 sha: doc_id: 321044 cord_uid: pfooy6g3 file: cache/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.json key: cord-320970-ru2iw0py authors: Peeling, Rosanna W; Wedderburn, Catherine J; Garcia, Patricia J; Boeras, Debrah; Fongwen, Noah; Nkengasong, John; Sall, Amadou; Tanuri, Amilcar; Heymann, David L title: Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response date: 2020-07-17 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30517-x sha: doc_id: 320970 cord_uid: ru2iw0py file: cache/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.json key: cord-320994-3ahwc3aq authors: Miyashita, Hirotaka; Mikami, Takahisa; Chopra, Nitin; Yamada, Takayuki; Chernyavsky, Svetlana; Rizk, Dahlia; Cruz, Christina title: Do Patients with Cancer Have a Poorer Prognosis of COVID-19? An Experience in New York City. date: 2020-04-21 journal: Ann Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 320994 cord_uid: 3ahwc3aq file: cache/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.json key: cord-321062-j4cd1uho authors: Kottlors, Jonathan; Zopfs, David; Fervers, Philipp; Bremm, Johannes; Abdullayev, Nuran; Maintz, David; Tritt, Stephanie; Persigehl, Thorsten title: Body composition on Low Dose Chest CT is a Significant Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Disease - a Multicenter Feasibility Study date: 2020-09-09 journal: Eur J Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109274 sha: doc_id: 321062 cord_uid: j4cd1uho file: cache/cord-321085-u0pl323l.json key: cord-321085-u0pl323l authors: Kumar, Karan; Kulkarni, Anand title: Elevated Liver Chemistries in COVID-19—Is It Not a Concern? date: 2020-09-14 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000914 sha: doc_id: 321085 cord_uid: u0pl323l file: cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.json key: cord-320930-9yiu0080 authors: Liu, Zeming; Li, Jinpeng; Huang, Jianglong; Guo, Liang; Gao, Rongfen; Luo, Kuan; Zeng, Guang; Zhang, Tingbao; Yi, Meilin; Huang, Yihui; Chen, Jincao; Yang, Yibin; Wu, Xiaohui title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00478 sha: doc_id: 320930 cord_uid: 9yiu0080 file: cache/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.json key: cord-320945-swr3l0ur authors: Liu, Zhenghong; Teo, Tess Lin; Lim, Mian Jie; Nadarajan, Gayathri Devi; Segaram, Shashi S/O Chandra; Thangarajoo, Sanda; Wee, Liang En; Wee, Jeremy Choon Peng; Tan, Kenneth Boon Kiat title: Dynamic emergency department response to the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic: the experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-09-25 journal: J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12264 sha: doc_id: 320945 cord_uid: swr3l0ur file: cache/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.json key: cord-321177-ywkkcagd authors: Tamari, Keisuke; Nagata, Yasushi; Nishiki, Shingo; Nakamura, Satoaki; Ogawa, Kazuhiko; Uno, Takashi title: Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists date: 2020-05-29 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.042 sha: doc_id: 321177 cord_uid: ywkkcagd file: cache/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.json key: cord-321089-x85tg8g5 authors: Wilson, Jacob M.; Schwartz, Andrew M.; Farley, Kevin X.; Roberson, James R.; Bradbury, Thomas L.; Guild, George N. title: Quantifying the Backlog of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Cases: Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 journal: HSS J DOI: 10.1007/s11420-020-09806-z sha: doc_id: 321089 cord_uid: x85tg8g5 file: cache/cord-321311-v2i1caug.json key: cord-321311-v2i1caug authors: Weller, Michael; Preusser, Matthias title: How we treat patients with brain tumour during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 journal: ESMO Open DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000789 sha: doc_id: 321311 cord_uid: v2i1caug file: cache/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.json key: cord-321302-eowo2mt0 authors: Spaetgens, Bart; Brouns, Steffie H.; Schols, Jos M.G.A. title: The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.045 sha: doc_id: 321302 cord_uid: eowo2mt0 file: cache/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.json key: cord-321176-b4o3nba6 authors: Ong, P. M.; Pech, C.; Gutierrez, N. R.; Mays, V. M. title: COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20215657 sha: doc_id: 321176 cord_uid: b4o3nba6 file: cache/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.json key: cord-321240-f6qh4fva authors: Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade; Onanuga, Abayomi Toyin; Akinola, Olanrewaju Olugbenga; Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab title: Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa date: 2020-08-10 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138998 sha: doc_id: 321240 cord_uid: f6qh4fva file: cache/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.json key: cord-321074-7jfy8cn6 authors: Caruso, Damiano; Polici, Michela; Zerunian, Marta; Pucciarelli, Francesco; Polidori, Tiziano; Guido, Gisella; Rucci, Carlotta; Bracci, Benedetta; Muscogiuri, Emanuele; De Dominicis, Chiara; Laghi, Andrea title: Quantitative Chest CT analysis in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-12 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01291-y sha: doc_id: 321074 cord_uid: 7jfy8cn6 file: cache/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.json key: cord-321097-fw05hcr4 authors: Annie, Frank; Bates, Mark C.; Nanjundappa, Aravinda; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Alkhouli, Mohamad title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-14 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 321097 cord_uid: fw05hcr4 file: cache/cord-321098-j3glby40.json key: cord-321098-j3glby40 authors: Bodrud-Doza, Md.; Shammi, Mashura; Bahlman, Laura; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur title: Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment date: 2020-06-26 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00341 sha: doc_id: 321098 cord_uid: j3glby40 file: cache/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.json key: cord-321258-fj9nel2z authors: Huynh, Giao; Nguyen, Minh Quan; Tran, Thien Thuan; Nguyen, Van Tap; Nguyen, Truong Vien; Do, Thi Hoai Thuong; Nguyen, Phi Hong Ngan; Phan, Thi Hoai Yen; Vu, Thanh Thuy; Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Han title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam date: 2020-09-14 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s268876 sha: doc_id: 321258 cord_uid: fj9nel2z file: cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.json key: cord-321149-hffj7s4o authors: Schmidt, Matthieu; Hajage, David; Lebreton, Guillaume; Monsel, Antoine; Voiriot, Guillaume; Levy, David; Baron, Elodie; Beurton, Alexandra; Chommeloux, Juliette; Meng, Paris; Nemlaghi, Safaa; Bay, Pierre; Leprince, Pascal; Demoule, Alexandre; Guidet, Bertrand; Constantin, Jean Michel; Fartoukh, Muriel; Dres, Martin; Combes, Alain; Luyt, Charles-Edouard; Hekimian, Guillaume; Brechot, Nicolas; Pineton de Chambrun, Marc; Desnos, Cyrielle; Arzoine, Jeremy; Guerin, Emmanuelle; Schoell, Thibaut; Demondion, Pierre; Juvin, Charles; Nardonne, Nathalie; Marin, Sofica; D'Alessandro, Cossimo; Nguyen, Bao-Long; Quemeneur, Cyril; James, Arthur; Assefi, Mona; Lepere, Victoria; Savary, Guillaume; Gibelin, Aude; Turpin, Matthieu; Elabbadi, Alexandre; Berti, Enora; Vezinet, Corinne; Bonvallot, Harold; Delmotte, Pierre-Romain; De Sarcus, Martin; Du Fayet De La Tour, Charlotte; Abbas, Samia; Maury, Eric; Baudel, Jean-Luc; Lavillegrand, Jean-Remi; Ait Oufella, Hafid; Abdelkrim, Abdelmalek; Urbina, Thomas; Virolle, Sara; Deleris, Robin; Bonny, Vincent; Le Marec, Julien; Mayaux, Julien; Morawiec, Elise title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30328-3 sha: doc_id: 321149 cord_uid: hffj7s4o file: cache/cord-321259-wio2b49i.json key: cord-321259-wio2b49i authors: Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Bauer, Maria A.; Zimmermann, Andreas; Kainz, Katharina; Hofer, Sebastian J.; Kroemer, Guido; Madeo, Frank title: Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses date: 2020-05-04 journal: Microbial cell DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.05.715 sha: doc_id: 321259 cord_uid: wio2b49i file: cache/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.json key: cord-321231-zlpa3x2x authors: Anand, Pratima; Yadav, Anita; Debata, Pradeep; Bachani, Sumitra; Gupta, Nitesh; Gera, Rani title: Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India date: 2020-09-10 journal: Eur J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03800-7 sha: doc_id: 321231 cord_uid: zlpa3x2x file: cache/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.json key: cord-321181-bqdsfgdc authors: Garitano, Ignacio; Linaresa, Manuel; Santosa, Laura; Santamaría, Virginia; Galicia, Fabio; Ramos, José M. title: Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto "Covid-19 Trends" en Euskadi date: 2020-05-21 journal: Semergen DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 321181 cord_uid: bqdsfgdc file: cache/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.json key: cord-321137-nxd8i7uh authors: White, Michael D.; Fradella, Henry F. title: Policing a Pandemic: Stay-at-Home Orders and What they Mean for the Police date: 2020-06-09 journal: Am J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1007/s12103-020-09538-0 sha: doc_id: 321137 cord_uid: nxd8i7uh file: cache/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.json key: cord-321267-ihd30qi0 authors: Daughton, Christian G. title: Natural experiment concept to accelerate the Re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-15 journal: Glob Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100026 sha: doc_id: 321267 cord_uid: ihd30qi0 file: cache/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.json key: cord-321379-7bpl5n3j authors: Singh, Sweta; Florez, Hector title: Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking date: 2020-06-03 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24218.1 sha: doc_id: 321379 cord_uid: 7bpl5n3j file: cache/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.json key: cord-321282-fyhkok3t authors: Beglaibter, Nahum; Zelekha, Orly; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Sakran, Nasser; Mahajna, Ahmad title: Practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in Israel during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 journal: Isr J Health Policy Res DOI: 10.1186/s13584-020-00420-2 sha: doc_id: 321282 cord_uid: fyhkok3t file: cache/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.json key: cord-321461-1s3y9kc5 authors: Rajdev, Kartikeya; Lahan, Shubham; Klein, Kate; Piquette, Craig A; Thi, Meilinh title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in COVID-19: Mounting Evidence date: 2020-08-31 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10157 sha: doc_id: 321461 cord_uid: 1s3y9kc5 file: cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.json key: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow authors: Allam, Zaheer title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date: 2020-07-24 journal: Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and its Implications DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00003-6 sha: doc_id: 321194 cord_uid: xi4zy5ow file: cache/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.json key: cord-321387-5epa1bb8 authors: Altuntas, Fevzi; Ata, Naim; Yigenoglu, Tugce Nur; Bascı, Semih; Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Korkmaz, Serdal; Namdaroglu, Sinem; Basturk, Abdulkadir; Hacıbekiroglu, Tuba; Dogu, Mehmet Hilmi; Berber, İlhami; Dal, Kursat; Kınık, Kerem; Haznedaroglu, İbrahim; Yılmaz, Fatma Meriç; Kılıç, İsa; Demircioğlu, Sinan; Yosunkaya, Alper; Erkurt, Mehmet Ali; Turgut, Burhan; Caglayan, Murat; Celik, Osman title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102955 sha: doc_id: 321387 cord_uid: 5epa1bb8 file: cache/cord-321440-sts3re6p.json key: cord-321440-sts3re6p authors: Klein, Sebastian J.; Fries, Dietmar; Kaser, Susanne; Mathis, Simon; Thomé, Claudius; Joannidis, Michael title: Unrecognized diabetes in critically ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03139-3 sha: doc_id: 321440 cord_uid: sts3re6p file: cache/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.json key: cord-321403-fe4vgwz8 authors: Bellini, Maria Irene; Tortorici, Francesco; Capogni, Marco title: Kidney transplantation and the lock‐down effect date: 2020-05-09 journal: Transpl Int DOI: 10.1111/tri.13639 sha: doc_id: 321403 cord_uid: fe4vgwz8 file: cache/cord-321503-w2m078r1.json key: cord-321503-w2m078r1 authors: Cardwell, Ryan; Ghazalian, Pascal L. title: COVID-19 and International Food Assistance: Policy Proposals to Keep Food Flowing date: 2020-06-28 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105059 sha: doc_id: 321503 cord_uid: w2m078r1 file: cache/cord-321455-ooouqna7.json key: cord-321455-ooouqna7 authors: Li, Tao; Wang, Lianzi; Wang, Huihui; Gao, Yufeng; Hu, Xianwei; Li, Xuemei; Zhang, Shubing; Xu, Yuanhong; Wei, Wei title: Characteristics of laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients with non-severe symptoms in Hefei City, China: diagnostic value in organ injuries date: 2020-07-01 journal: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03967-9 sha: doc_id: 321455 cord_uid: ooouqna7 file: cache/cord-321499-17n9tj70.json key: cord-321499-17n9tj70 authors: Marini, John J.; Dellinger, R. Phillip; Brodie, Daniel title: Integrating the evidence: confronting the COVID-19 elephant date: 2020-07-25 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06195-z sha: doc_id: 321499 cord_uid: 17n9tj70 file: cache/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.json key: cord-321412-6g3obmzc authors: Khamis, Faryal; Al-Zakwani, Ibrahim; Al Hashmi, Sabria; Al Dowaiki, Samata; Al Bahrani, Maher; Pandak, Nenad; Al Khalili, Huda; Memish, Ziad title: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults with Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.064 sha: doc_id: 321412 cord_uid: 6g3obmzc file: cache/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.json key: cord-321315-bzmokdzk authors: Tanacan, Atakan; Erol, Seyit Ahmet; Turgay, Batuhan; Anuk, Ali Taner; Secen, Elcin Islek; Yegin, Gulin Feykan; Ozyer, Sebnem; Kirca, Fisun; Dinc, Bedia; Unlu, Serpil; Yapar Eyi, Elif Gul; Keskin, Huseyin Levent; Sahin, Dilek; Surel, Aziz Ahmet; Tekin, Ozlem Moraloglu title: The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey date: 2020-07-30 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.051 sha: doc_id: 321315 cord_uid: bzmokdzk file: cache/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.json key: cord-321380-e5zq15hz authors: del Campo, P. Lázaro; López, A. Ramírez; de la Cruz Benito, B.; de Paz Arias, R.; Humala Barbier, K.; Sánchez Vadillo, I.; de la Guía, A. López; de Soto Álvarez, T.; Jiménez Yuste, V.; Albendea, M. Canales title: No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient undergoing allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from a matched-related donor with unknown COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102921 sha: doc_id: 321380 cord_uid: e5zq15hz file: cache/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.json key: cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 authors: Oliveira, E.; Parikh, A.; Lopez-Ruiz, A.; Carrillo, M.; Goldberg, J.; Cearras, M.; Fernainy, K.; Andersen, S.; Mercado, L.; Guan, J.; Zafar, H.; Louzon, P.; Carr, A.; Baloch, N.; Pratley, R.; Silvestry, S.; Hsu, V.; Sniffen, J.; Herrera, V.; Finkler, N. title: ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date: 2020-08-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181909 sha: doc_id: 321472 cord_uid: n4nnmlv1 file: cache/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.json key: cord-321402-7a04kx5n authors: Rezakhani, Leila; Kelishadrokhi, Ali Fatahian; Soleimanizadeh, Arghavan; rahmati, Shima title: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises date: 2020-11-12 journal: Chem Phys Lipids DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105009 sha: doc_id: 321402 cord_uid: 7a04kx5n file: cache/cord-321586-lgbod553.json key: cord-321586-lgbod553 authors: Danielli, Shaun; Patria, Raman; Donnelly, Patrice; Ashrafian, Hutan; Darzi, Ara title: Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa104 sha: doc_id: 321586 cord_uid: lgbod553 file: cache/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.json key: cord-321568-okvt1fg3 authors: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley; Teixeira, Franciane Mouradian Emidio; Beserra, Danielle Rosa; de Oliveira, Emily Araujo; Andrade, Milena Mary de Souza; Pietrobon, Anna Julia; Sato, Maria Notomi title: Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570919 sha: doc_id: 321568 cord_uid: okvt1fg3 file: cache/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.json key: cord-321593-x6mdkyq6 authors: Dunnick, N. Reed title: Most Adaptable to Change date: 2020-05-06 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.037 sha: doc_id: 321593 cord_uid: x6mdkyq6 file: cache/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.json key: cord-321552-lsz1onrj authors: Membrilla, Javier A.; de Lorenzo, Íñigo; Sastre, María; Díaz de Terán, Javier title: Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross‐Sectional Study date: 2020-09-28 journal: Headache DOI: 10.1111/head.13967 sha: doc_id: 321552 cord_uid: lsz1onrj file: cache/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.json key: cord-321770-g5xcfhnh authors: de Farias, Emmerson Carlos Franco; Justino, Maria Cleonice Aguiar; de Mello, Mary Lucy Ferraz Maia Fiuza title: MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT date: 2020-08-26 journal: Rev Paul Pediatr DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020165 sha: doc_id: 321770 cord_uid: g5xcfhnh file: cache/cord-321459-5atonb89.json key: cord-321459-5atonb89 authors: Llalle, Wildor Samir Cubas; Bellido-Yarlequé, David; Yépez-Calderón, Cristian; Chávarry-Infante, Priscilla title: Impact on the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Residents’ Learning Curve During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020 journal: Braz J Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0300 sha: doc_id: 321459 cord_uid: 5atonb89 file: cache/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.json key: cord-321747-u2v1w99n authors: Korytkowski, Mary; Antinori-Lent, Kellie; Drincic, Andjela; Hirsch, Irl B; McDonnell, Marie E; Rushakoff, Robert; Muniyappa, Ranganath title: A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa342 sha: doc_id: 321747 cord_uid: u2v1w99n file: cache/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.json key: cord-321543-qdmvn44h authors: Webb, J. B.; Bray, A.; Asare, P. K.; Clipp, R. B.; Mehta, Y. B.; Penupolu, S.; Patel, A. A.; Poler, S. M. title: Computational Simulation to Assess Patient Safety of Uncompensated COVID-19 Two-patient Ventilator Sharing Using the Pulse Physiology Engine date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20107201 sha: doc_id: 321543 cord_uid: qdmvn44h file: cache/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.json key: cord-321784-nubu5fuz authors: Salazar, E.; Perez, K. K.; Ashraf, M.; Chen, J.; Castillo, B.; Christensen, P. A.; Eubank, T.; Bernard, D. W.; Eagar, T. N.; Long, S. W.; Subedi, S.; Olsen, R. J.; Leveque, C.; Schwartz, M. R.; Dey, M.; Chavez-East, C.; Rogers, J.; Shehabeldin, A.; Joseph, D.; Williams, G.; Thomas, K.; Masud, F.; Talley, C.; Dlouhy, K. G.; Lopez, B. V.; Hampton, C.; Lavinder, J.; Gollihar, J. D.; Maranhao, A. C.; Ippolito, G. C.; Saavedra, M. O.; Cantu, C. C.; Yerramilli, P.; Pruitt, L.; Musser, J. M. title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston, Texas date: 2020-05-13 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20095471 sha: doc_id: 321784 cord_uid: nubu5fuz file: cache/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.json key: cord-321816-ipbwpw26 authors: Fawad, Muhammad; Rawashdeh, Fatima; Parmar, Parveen K.; Ratnayake, Ruwan title: Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases date: 2020-05-06 journal: Confl Health DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-00277-x sha: doc_id: 321816 cord_uid: ipbwpw26 file: cache/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.json key: cord-321497-c7l88gjn authors: Tull, Matthew T.; Edmonds, Keith A.; Scamaldo, Kayla M.; Richmond, Julia R.; Rose, Jason P.; Gratz, Kim L. title: Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life date: 2020-05-12 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098 sha: doc_id: 321497 cord_uid: c7l88gjn file: cache/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.json key: cord-321633-qr2w7azj authors: Yadav, Sanjay Kumar; Agrawal, Vikesh; Agarwal, Pawan; Sharma, Dhananjaya title: Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool “EMERGE” date: 2020-09-17 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02596-y sha: doc_id: 321633 cord_uid: qr2w7azj file: cache/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.json key: cord-321718-nzxvbj8b authors: Khan, Moien AB.; Moverley Smith, Jane Elizabeth title: “Covibesity,” a new pandemic date: 2020-07-21 journal: Obes Med DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100282 sha: doc_id: 321718 cord_uid: nzxvbj8b file: cache/cord-321768-oevswvvd.json key: cord-321768-oevswvvd authors: Duan, Ya-qi; Xia, Ming-hui; Ren, Liang; Zhang, Yan-fang; Ao, Qi-lin; Xu, San-peng; Kuang, Dong; Liu, Qian; Yan, Bing; Zhou, Yi-wu; Chu, Qian; Liu, Liang; Yang, Xiang-Ping; Wang, Guo-ping title: Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x sha: doc_id: 321768 cord_uid: oevswvvd file: cache/cord-321852-e7369brf.json key: cord-321852-e7369brf authors: Wang, Bo; Jin, Shuo; Yan, Qingsen; Xu, Haibo; Luo, Chuan; Wei, Lai; Zhao, Wei; Hou, Xuexue; Ma, Wenshuo; Xu, Zhengqing; Zheng, Zhuozhao; Sun, Wenbo; Lan, Lan; Zhang, Wei; Mu, Xiangdong; Shi, Chenxi; Wang, Zhongxiao; Lee, Jihae; Jin, Zijian; Lin, Minggui; Jin, Hongbo; Zhang, Liang; Guo, Jun; Zhao, Benqi; Ren, Zhizhong; Wang, Shuhao; Xu, Wei; Wang, Xinghuan; Wang, Jianming; You, Zheng; Dong, Jiahong title: AI-assisted CT imaging analysis for COVID-19 screening: Building and deploying a medical AI system date: 2020-11-10 journal: Appl Soft Comput DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106897 sha: doc_id: 321852 cord_uid: e7369brf file: cache/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.json key: cord-321867-7n88rl6p authors: Jee, J.; Stonestrom, A. J.; Devlin, S.; Nguyentran, T.; Wills, B.; Narendra, V.; Foote, M. B.; Lumish, M.; Vardhana, S.; Pastores, S.; Korde, N.; Patel, D.; Horwitz, S.; Scordo, M.; Daniyan, A. title: Oncologic Immunomodulatory Agents in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20145458 sha: doc_id: 321867 cord_uid: 7n88rl6p file: cache/cord-321878-bnjupaik.json key: cord-321878-bnjupaik authors: Deliwala, Smit S.; Ponnapalli, Anoosha; Seedahmed, Elfateh; Berrou, Mohammed; Bachuwa, Ghassan; Chandran, Arul title: A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) date: 2020-07-23 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.926136 sha: doc_id: 321878 cord_uid: bnjupaik file: cache/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.json key: cord-321698-8q25z6ci authors: Spratt, Daniel I; Buchsbaum, Rachel J title: COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy date: 2020-07-29 journal: Endocrinology DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa121 sha: doc_id: 321698 cord_uid: 8q25z6ci file: cache/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.json key: cord-321960-p4twpm2z authors: Thibaudin, Marion; Fumet, Jean-David; Bon, Marjorie; Hampe, Léa; Limagne, Emeric; Ghiringhelli, Francois title: Immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with cancer date: 2020-09-07 journal: Eur J Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.013 sha: doc_id: 321960 cord_uid: p4twpm2z file: cache/cord-321598-ae241pmd.json key: cord-321598-ae241pmd authors: de Vries, A.P.J.; Alwayn, I.P.J.; Hoek, R.A.S.; van den Berg, A.P.; Ultee, F.C.W.; Vogelaar, S.M.; Haase-Kromwijk, B.J.J.M.; Heemskerk, M.B.A.; Hemke, A.C.; Nijboer, W.N.; Schaefer, B.S.; Kuiper, M.A.; de Jonge, J.; van der Kaaij, N.P.; Reinders, M.E.J. title: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands date: 2020-05-01 journal: Transpl Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101304 sha: doc_id: 321598 cord_uid: ae241pmd file: cache/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.json key: cord-321976-ao3bg8xi authors: Robinson, Philip C; Bursle, Evan C title: Management of autoimmune disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-18 journal: Aust Prescr DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2020.058 sha: doc_id: 321976 cord_uid: ao3bg8xi file: cache/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.json key: cord-321865-cn9dm6ju authors: Anca, Diana; Reyes, Olivia; Mitra, Raman Lala; Epstein, Laurence; Shore-Lesserson, Linda title: Electrophysiology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York Tertiary Hospital Experience date: 2020-10-29 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.041 sha: doc_id: 321865 cord_uid: cn9dm6ju file: cache/cord-322054-whjisspt.json key: cord-322054-whjisspt authors: Zhang, S.; Lu, X.; Cao, Y.; Li, Y.; Li, C.; Zhang, W. title: Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20084087 sha: doc_id: 322054 cord_uid: whjisspt file: cache/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.json key: cord-321787-6k4c6zei authors: Rogo, Tanya; Mathur, Kanika; Purswani, Murli title: Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa087 sha: doc_id: 321787 cord_uid: 6k4c6zei file: cache/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.json key: cord-321846-pzmewp2r authors: Alvarado, Amado; Franceschi, Gabriela; Resplandor, Evelin; Sumba, Jeannethe; Orta, Nelson title: COVID-19 associated with onset nephrotic syndrome in a pediatric patient: coincidence or related conditions? date: 2020-08-27 journal: Pediatr Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04724-y sha: doc_id: 321846 cord_uid: pzmewp2r file: cache/cord-322063-96suqyfg.json key: cord-322063-96suqyfg authors: Kampmeier, Stefanie; Tönnies, Hauke; Correa-Martinez, Carlos L.; Mellmann, Alexander; Schwierzeck, Vera title: A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit date: 2020-09-22 journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00820-8 sha: doc_id: 322063 cord_uid: 96suqyfg file: cache/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.json key: cord-321873-9l9zp6gm authors: Zhou, Bo; She, Jianqing; Wang, Yadan; Ma, Xiancang title: The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa451 sha: doc_id: 321873 cord_uid: 9l9zp6gm file: cache/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.json key: cord-322034-8wwqxkjl authors: Ma, Ke; Wang, Xin; Feng, Shiyao; Xushan, Xia; Zhang, Hongxiu; Rahaman, Abdul; Dong, Zhenfei; Lu, Yanting; Li, Xiuyang; Zhou, Xiaoyu; Zhao, Haijun; Wang, Yuan; Wang, Shijun; Baloch, Zulqarnain title: From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine: treatment of mental disorders in COVID-19 survivors date: 2020-09-30 journal: Biomed Pharmacother DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110810 sha: doc_id: 322034 cord_uid: 8wwqxkjl file: cache/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.json key: cord-321984-qjfkvu6n authors: Tang, Lu; Zhou, Yiwang; Wang, Lili; Purkayastha, Soumik; Zhang, Leyao; He, Jie; Wang, Fei; Song, Peter X.‐K. title: A Review of Multi‐Compartment Infectious Disease Models date: 2020-08-03 journal: Int Stat Rev DOI: 10.1111/insr.12402 sha: doc_id: 321984 cord_uid: qjfkvu6n file: cache/cord-322244-3en3yey1.json key: cord-322244-3en3yey1 authors: Nkengasong, John N; Mankoula, Wessam title: Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast date: 2020-02-27 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30464-5 sha: doc_id: 322244 cord_uid: 3en3yey1 file: cache/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.json key: cord-322229-a7sz6e3c authors: Suryadevara, V.; Adusumalli, C.; Adusumilli, P. 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H.; Radhakrishnan, R. title: Mental Health Status among the South Indian Pharmacy Students during Covid-19 Pandemic Quarantine Period: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20093708 sha: doc_id: 322229 cord_uid: a7sz6e3c file: cache/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.json key: cord-322102-4fi0y96f authors: Zimmermann, Matthias; Nkenke, Emeka title: Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-04 journal: J Craniomaxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.03.011 sha: doc_id: 322102 cord_uid: 4fi0y96f file: cache/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.json key: cord-322142-y7v8tcnb authors: Kapoor, Indu; Prabhakar, Hemanshu; Mahajan, Charu title: Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals – A crucial phase date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Clin Anesth DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109931 sha: doc_id: 322142 cord_uid: y7v8tcnb file: cache/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.json key: cord-322256-mv9ll0h4 authors: Edelman, E. Jennifer; Aoun-Barakat, Lydia; Villanueva, Merceditas; Friedland, Gerald title: Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response date: 2020-05-12 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02908-z sha: doc_id: 322256 cord_uid: mv9ll0h4 file: cache/cord-321983-566pbuic.json key: cord-321983-566pbuic authors: Liu, Wei; Tao, Zhao-Wu; Wang, Lei; Yuan, Ming-Li; Liu, Kui; Zhou, Ling; Wei, Shuang; Deng, Yan; Liu, Jing; Liu, Hui-Guo; Ming, Yang; Yi, Hu title: Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-02-28 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000775 sha: doc_id: 321983 cord_uid: 566pbuic file: cache/cord-321990-z83c4e47.json key: cord-321990-z83c4e47 authors: Ravioli, Svenja; Stoeckli, Thomas; Lindner, Gregor title: COVID-19 screening in outpatients with risk factors and healthcare workers date: 2020-07-17 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01714-w sha: doc_id: 321990 cord_uid: z83c4e47 file: cache/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.json key: cord-322087-gj5mfzxz authors: de Sanctis, Vincenzo; Ruggiero, Leopoldo; Soliman, Ashraf T; Daar, Shahina; Di Maio, Salvatore; Kattamis, Christos title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9543 sha: doc_id: 322087 cord_uid: gj5mfzxz file: cache/cord-322159-3anst3os.json key: cord-322159-3anst3os authors: Kiaghadi, A.; Rifai, H. S.; Liaw, W. title: Assessing COVID-19 Risk, Vulnerability and Infection Prevalence in Communities date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089839 sha: doc_id: 322159 cord_uid: 3anst3os file: cache/cord-322259-khknne8s.json key: cord-322259-khknne8s authors: de Roquetaillade, C.; Chousterman, B.G.; Tomasoni, D.; Zeitouni, M.; Houdart, E.; Guedon, A.; Reiner, P.; Bordier, R.; Gayat, E.; Montalescot, G.; Metra, M.; Mebazaa, A. title: Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 journal: Int J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.103 sha: doc_id: 322259 cord_uid: khknne8s file: cache/cord-322267-pbj819vk.json key: cord-322267-pbj819vk authors: Gautam, Sneha title: COVID-19: air pollution remains low as people stay at home date: 2020-05-21 journal: Air Qual Atmos Health DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00842-6 sha: doc_id: 322267 cord_uid: pbj819vk file: cache/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.json key: cord-322009-0cwljo0c authors: Ma, Ling; Wang, Wenjing; Le Grange, Jehane Michael; Wang, Xiaorong; Du, Shuaixian; Li, Chen; Wei, Jia; Zhang, Jin-Nong title: Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens date: 2020-08-26 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s267238 sha: doc_id: 322009 cord_uid: 0cwljo0c file: cache/cord-322079-87iqc21s.json key: cord-322079-87iqc21s authors: Agostiniani, Rino; Bozzola, Elena; Staiano, Annamaria; Del Vecchio, Antonio; Mazzone, Teresa; Greco, Luigi; Corsello, Giovanni; Villani, Alberto title: Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society date: 2020-09-16 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00899-0 sha: doc_id: 322079 cord_uid: 87iqc21s file: cache/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.json key: cord-322296-8j4xw3vp authors: Passamonti, Serena Maria; Cannavò, Antonino; Trunzo, Valentina; Caporale, Vittoria; Buonocore, Ruggero; DeFeo, Tullia Maria title: Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: “The great bet” in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area date: 2020-07-07 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 322296 cord_uid: 8j4xw3vp file: cache/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.json key: cord-322258-rl9o60cs authors: Parmar, Chetan title: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-15 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04843-3 sha: doc_id: 322258 cord_uid: rl9o60cs file: cache/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.json key: cord-322099-mb17dnf2 authors: Shanahan, Lilly; Steinhoff, Annekatrin; Bechtiger, Laura; Murray, Aja L.; Nivette, Amy; Hepp, Urs; Ribeaud, Denis; Eisner, Manuel title: Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study date: 2020-06-23 journal: Psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000241x sha: doc_id: 322099 cord_uid: mb17dnf2 file: cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.json key: cord-322279-6ffnejwj authors: Kwon, Seungwon; Lee, Wonhaeng; Jin, Chul; Jang, Insoo; Jung, Woo-Sang; Moon, Sang-Kwan; Cho, Ki-Ho title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 journal: Integr Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 sha: doc_id: 322279 cord_uid: 6ffnejwj file: cache/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.json key: cord-322386-fkmrzitm authors: Duran, Emine; Kilic, Levent; Durhan, Gamze; Inkaya, Ahmet Çağkan; Guven, Gulay Sain; Karakaya, Gul; Ariyurek, Orhan Macit; Karadag, Omer title: Vital corner of diagnostic challenge: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or COVID-19 pneumonia? date: 2020-07-24 journal: Ann Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218533 sha: doc_id: 322386 cord_uid: fkmrzitm file: cache/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.json key: cord-322110-crt3h6ua authors: Arcari, Luca; Luciani, Michelangelo; Cacciotti, Luca; Musumeci, Maria Beatrice; Spuntarelli, Valerio; Pistella, Eleonora; Martolini, Dario; Manzo, Daniele; Pucci, Mariateresa; Marone, Claudio; Melandri, Serena; Ansalone, Gerardo; Santini, Claudio; Martelletti, Paolo; Volpe, Massimo; De Biase, Luciano title: Incidence and determinants of high-sensitivity troponin and natriuretic peptides elevation at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients date: 2020-09-28 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02498-7 sha: doc_id: 322110 cord_uid: crt3h6ua file: cache/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.json key: cord-322313-bq1g5g6p authors: Kamishima, Tamotsu; An, Yujie; Fang, Wanxuan; Lu, Yutong title: Editorial for “Clinical Potential of UTE‐MRI for Assessing the COVID‐19: Patient‐ and Lesion‐Based Comparative Analysis” date: 2020-07-11 journal: J Magn Reson Imaging DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27291 sha: doc_id: 322313 cord_uid: bq1g5g6p file: cache/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.json key: cord-322336-ktxi3v3a authors: Griffin, John H.; Lyden, Patrick title: COVID‐19 hypothesis: Activated protein C for therapy of virus‐induced pathologic thromboinflammation date: 2020-06-12 journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12362 sha: doc_id: 322336 cord_uid: ktxi3v3a file: cache/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.json key: cord-322205-vui1jh2v authors: nan title: Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003513 sha: doc_id: 322205 cord_uid: vui1jh2v file: cache/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.json key: cord-322337-4xhwm3k4 authors: Desai, P. S. title: Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA) to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Houston date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159863 sha: doc_id: 322337 cord_uid: 4xhwm3k4 file: cache/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.json key: cord-322404-lj5hfuqm authors: Halvatsiotis, P.; Kotanidou, A.; Tzannis, K.; Jahaj, E.; Magira, E.; Theodorakopoulou, M.; Konstandopoulou, G.; Gkeka, E.; Pouritzaki, C.; Kapravelos, N.; Papoti, S.; Sileli, M.; Gogos, C.; Velissaris, D.; Markou, N.; Stefanatou, E.; Vlachogianni, G.; Aimoniotou, E.; Komnos, A.; Zafeiridis, T.; Koulouvaris, P.; Armaganidis, A.; Bamias, A.; Dimopoulos, G. title: Demographic and Clinical Features of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Greece: The Burden of Diabetes and Obesity date: 2020-07-17 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108331 sha: doc_id: 322404 cord_uid: lj5hfuqm file: cache/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.json key: cord-322332-0pi3wcv5 authors: Conforti, Claudio; Giuffrida, Roberta; Zalaudek, Iris; Di Meo, Nicola title: Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti‐inflammatory action against IL‐6 in COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-05-15 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13437 sha: doc_id: 322332 cord_uid: 0pi3wcv5 file: cache/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.json key: cord-322427-6hsdlogg authors: Holten, Aleksander Rygh; Grotle Nore, Kristin; Tveiten, Caroline Emilie Van Woensel Kooy; Olasveengen, Theresa Mariero; Tonby, Kristian title: Predicting severe COVID-19 in the Emergency Department date: 2020-10-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100042 sha: doc_id: 322427 cord_uid: 6hsdlogg file: cache/cord-322483-up3738e7.json key: cord-322483-up3738e7 authors: Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima; Alcântara, Antonia Célia de Castro; Netto, Fernanda Colares de Borba; Ibiapina, Flavio Lucio Pontes; Lopes, Livia Amaral; Rocha, Sabrina Gabriele Maia Oliveira; Leite, Elias Bezerra title: Dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a Rapid Response Team operation in Brazil: Quality in practice date: 2020-09-30 journal: Int J Qual Health Care DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa114 sha: doc_id: 322483 cord_uid: up3738e7 file: cache/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.json key: cord-322385-sc2vxxnn authors: Ebinger, J.; Botwin, G. J.; Albert, C. M.; Alotaibi, M.; Arditi, M.; Berg, A. H.; Binek, A.; Botting, P. G.; Fert-Bober, J.; Figueiredo, J. C.; Grein, J. D.; Hasan, W.; Henglin, M.; Hussain, S. K.; Jain, M.; Joung, S.; Karin, M.; Kim, E. H.; Li, D.; Liu, Y.; Luong, E.; McGovern, D. P. B.; Merchant, A.; Merin, N. M.; Miles, P. B.; Minissian, M.; Nguyen, T.-T.; Raedschelders, K.; Rashid, M. A.; Riera, C. E.; Riggs, R. V.; Sharma, S.; Sternbach, S.; Sun, N.; Tourtellotte, W. G.; Van Eyk, J. E.; Sobhani, K.; Braun, J. G.; Cheng, S. title: SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Across a Diverse Cohort of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-08-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.31.20163055 sha: doc_id: 322385 cord_uid: sc2vxxnn file: cache/cord-322439-86dojc70.json key: cord-322439-86dojc70 authors: Celarier, Thomas; Lafaie, Ludovic; Goethals, Luc; Barth, Nathalie; Gramont, Baptiste; Ojardias, Etienne; Bongue, Bienvenu title: Covid-19: Adapting the geriatric organisations to respond to the pandemic date: 2020-06-11 journal: Respir Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100774 sha: doc_id: 322439 cord_uid: 86dojc70 file: cache/cord-322456-5at1euqm.json key: cord-322456-5at1euqm authors: Rokohl, Alexander C.; Loreck, Niklas; Wawer Matos, Philomena A.; Mor, Joel M.; Zwingelberg, Sarah; Grajewski, Rafael S.; Cursiefen, Claus; Heindl, Ludwig M. title: Die Rolle der Augenheilkunde in der COVID-19-Pandemie date: 2020-06-09 journal: Ophthalmologe DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01148-9 sha: doc_id: 322456 cord_uid: 5at1euqm file: cache/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.json key: cord-322417-9e95m4kz authors: Segovia-Juarez, Jose; Castagnetto, Jesús M.; Gonzales, Gustavo F. title: High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate date: 2020-07-15 journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103494 sha: doc_id: 322417 cord_uid: 9e95m4kz file: cache/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.json key: cord-322493-ymg6mh28 authors: Gheysarzadeh, Ali; Sadeghifard, Nourkhoda; Safari, Maryam; Balavandi, Firooz; Falahi, Shahab; Kenarkoohi, Azra; Tavan, Hamed title: Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series date: 2020-05-13 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100694 sha: doc_id: 322493 cord_uid: ymg6mh28 file: cache/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.json key: cord-322322-woz6lwdu authors: Marcum, Michelle; Kurtzweil, Nicky; Vollmer, Christine; Schmid, Lisa; Vollmer, Ashley; Kastl, Alison; Acker, Kelly; Gulati, Shuchi; Grover, Punita; Herzog, Thomas J.; Ahmad, Syed A.; Sohal, Davendra; Wise‐Draper, Trisha M. title: COVID‐19 pandemic and impact on cancer clinical trials: An academic medical center perspective date: 2020-07-10 journal: Cancer Med DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3292 sha: doc_id: 322322 cord_uid: woz6lwdu file: cache/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.json key: cord-322528-6r57pq8o authors: Heald, Adrian H; Stedman, Michael; Tian, Zixing; Wu, Pensee; Fryer, Anthony A title: Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality date: 2020-10-18 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13768 sha: doc_id: 322528 cord_uid: 6r57pq8o file: cache/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.json key: cord-322290-zx3i8mpo authors: Yelin, Dana; Wirtheim, Eytan; Vetter, Pauline; Kalil, Andre C; Bruchfeld, Judith; Runold, Michael; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Mussini, Cristina; Gudiol, Carlota; Pujol, Miquel; Bandera, Alessandra; Scudeller, Luigia; Paul, Mical; Kaiser, Laurent; Leibovici, Leonard title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs date: 2020-09-01 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30701-5 sha: doc_id: 322290 cord_uid: zx3i8mpo file: cache/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.json key: cord-322471-wt7zt6a8 authors: Raparelli, Valeria; Palmieri, Luigi; Canevelli, Marco; Pricci, Flavia; Unim, Brigid; Lo Noce, Cinzia; Villani, Emanuele R.; Rochon, Paula A.; Pilote, Louise; Vanacore, Nicola; Onder, Graziano title: Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-10-16 journal: Biol Sex Differ DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00334-3 sha: doc_id: 322471 cord_uid: wt7zt6a8 file: cache/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.json key: cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 authors: Khurana, Sonal; Haleem, Abid; Luthra, Sunil; Huisingh, Donald; Mannan, Bisma title: Now is the time to press the reset button: Helping India’s companies to become more resilient and effective in overcoming the impacts of COVID-19, climate changes and other crises date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Clean Prod DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124466 sha: doc_id: 322233 cord_uid: 1i6zj9b3 file: cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.json key: cord-322525-22bt6zv8 authors: Gorges, Rebecca J.; Konetzka, R. Tamara title: Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date: 2020-08-08 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16787 sha: doc_id: 322525 cord_uid: 22bt6zv8 file: cache/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.json key: cord-322571-8u4c2xqg authors: Sannigrahi, Srikanta; Pilla, Francesco; Basu, Bidroha; Basu, Arunima Sarkar; Molter, Anna title: Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach date: 2020-08-01 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102418 sha: doc_id: 322571 cord_uid: 8u4c2xqg file: cache/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.json key: cord-322572-wic7n6ia authors: Liu, Jiangtao; Zhou, Ji; Yao, Jinxi; Zhang, Xiuxia; Li, Lanyu; Xu, Xiaocheng; He, Xiaotao; Wang, Bo; Fu, Shihua; Niu, Tingting; Yan, Jun; Shi, Yanjun; Ren, Xiaowei; Niu, Jingping; Zhu, Weihao; Li, Sheng; Luo, Bin; Zhang, Kai title: Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China date: 2020-07-15 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138513 sha: doc_id: 322572 cord_uid: wic7n6ia file: cache/cord-322414-dpx191xh.json key: cord-322414-dpx191xh authors: Harke, Nina N.; Radtke, Jan P.; Hadaschik, Boris A.; Bach, Christian; Berger, Frank P.; Blana, Andreas; Borgmann, Hendrik; Distler, Florian A.; Edeling, Sebastian; Egner, Tobias; Engels, Christina L.; Farzat, Mahmoud; Haese, Alexander; Hein, Rainer; Kuczyk, Markus A.; Manseck, Andreas; Moritz, Rudolf; Musch, Michael; Peters, Inga; Pokupic, Sasa; Rocco, Bernardo; Schneider, Andreas; Schumann, André; Schwentner, Christian; Sighinolfi, Chiara M.; Buse, Stephan; Stolzenburg, Jens-Uwe; Truß, Michael C.; Waldner, Michael; Wülfing, Christian; Zimmermanns, Volker; Witt, Jörn H.; Wagner, Christian title: To defer or not to defer? A German longitudinal multicentric assessment of clinical practice in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-15 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239027 sha: doc_id: 322414 cord_uid: dpx191xh file: cache/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.json key: cord-322497-hdy3va8e authors: LUBANSU, Alphonse; ASSAMADI, Mouhssine; BARRIT, Sami; DEMBOUR, Victoria; YAO, Gedeon; HADWE, Salim EL.; WITTE, Olivier DE. title: COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. date: 2020-09-03 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.168 sha: doc_id: 322497 cord_uid: hdy3va8e file: cache/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.json key: cord-322577-5bboc1z0 authors: Parola, Anna; Rossi, Alessandro; Tessitore, Francesca; Troisi, Gina; Mannarini, Stefania title: Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567484 sha: doc_id: 322577 cord_uid: 5bboc1z0 file: cache/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.json key: cord-322486-qwl7nzkr authors: Omori, Ryosuke; Matsuyama, Ryota; Nakata, Yukihiko title: The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age date: 2020-10-06 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8 sha: doc_id: 322486 cord_uid: qwl7nzkr file: cache/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.json key: cord-322580-7ohso8hl authors: Stochino, Claudia; Villa, Simone; Zucchi, Patrizia; Parravicini, Pierpaolo; Gori, Andrea; Raviglione, Mario Carlo title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital date: 2020-06-01 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01708-2020 sha: doc_id: 322580 cord_uid: 7ohso8hl file: cache/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.json key: cord-322596-vfmzk2el authors: Ming, Yi; Qiang, Liu title: Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications date: 2020-07-11 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2 sha: doc_id: 322596 cord_uid: vfmzk2el file: cache/cord-322474-izguwscl.json key: cord-322474-izguwscl authors: Rylett, R. J.; Alary, Flamine; Goldberg, Joanne; Rogers, Susan; Versteegh, Patricia title: Covid-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging date: 2020-09-02 journal: Canadian journal on aging = La revue canadienne du vieillissement DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000331 sha: doc_id: 322474 cord_uid: izguwscl file: cache/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.json key: cord-322543-lo1ra50f authors: Li, z.; Xu, T.; Zhang, K.; Deng, H.-W.; Boerwinkle, E.; Xiong, M. title: Causal Analysis of Health Interventions and Environments for Influencing the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States of America date: 2020-09-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20203505 sha: doc_id: 322543 cord_uid: lo1ra50f file: cache/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.json key: cord-322601-9pg1yqfa authors: Camporota, Luigi; Sanderson, Barnaby; Dixon, Alison; Vasques, Francesco; Jones, Andrew; Shankar-Hari, Manu title: Outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.047 sha: doc_id: 322601 cord_uid: 9pg1yqfa file: cache/cord-322590-twnlaq24.json key: cord-322590-twnlaq24 authors: Hoyer, Carolin; Grassl, Niklas; Bail, Kathrin; Stein, Patrick; Ebert, Anne; Platten, Michael; Szabo, Kristina title: Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-30 journal: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s273913 sha: doc_id: 322590 cord_uid: twnlaq24 file: cache/cord-322672-gjph61cq.json key: cord-322672-gjph61cq authors: Ashok, Vishnu; Loke, Wei Ian title: Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis date: 2020-08-25 journal: Eur Heart J Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa248 sha: doc_id: 322672 cord_uid: gjph61cq file: cache/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.json key: cord-322641-mz0b91xr authors: Farnsworth, Christopher W; Anderson, Neil W title: SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data date: 2020-04-28 journal: Clin Chem DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa107 sha: doc_id: 322641 cord_uid: mz0b91xr file: cache/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.json key: cord-322645-ipzntrm2 authors: Dutta, Anwesha; Fischer, Harry W. title: The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India date: 2020-10-17 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234 sha: doc_id: 322645 cord_uid: ipzntrm2 file: cache/cord-322552-95bj65qf.json key: cord-322552-95bj65qf authors: Sang, Charlie Joseph; Heindl, Brittain; Von Mering, Gregory; Brott, Brigitta; Kopf, Robert S.; Rajapreyar, Indranee title: ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Case Rep Cardiol DOI: 10.1155/2020/8845627 sha: doc_id: 322552 cord_uid: 95bj65qf file: cache/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.json key: cord-322711-u6yr8wqh authors: Imran, Nazish; Aamer, Irum; Sharif, Muhammad Imran; Bodla, Zubair Hassan; Naveed, Sadiq title: Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions date: 2020 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.3088 sha: doc_id: 322711 cord_uid: u6yr8wqh file: cache/cord-322660-bis2arbu.json key: cord-322660-bis2arbu authors: Alexander, Regi; Ravi, Ambiga; Barclay, Helene; Sawhney, Indermeet; Chester, Verity; Malcolm, Vicki; Brolly, Kate; Mukherji, Kamalika; Zia, Asif; Tharian, Reena; Howell, Andreana; Lane, Tadhgh; Cooper, Vivien; Langdon, Peter E. title: Guidance for the Treatment and Management of COVID‐19 Among People with Intellectual Disabilities date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Policy Pract Intellect Disabil DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12352 sha: doc_id: 322660 cord_uid: bis2arbu file: cache/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.json key: cord-322704-0suc6pt6 authors: Riffe, T.; Acosta, E.; COVerAGE-DB team, T. title: COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths. date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197228 sha: doc_id: 322704 cord_uid: 0suc6pt6 file: cache/cord-322733-rriuiofu.json key: cord-322733-rriuiofu authors: Li, Weiran; Li, Guanjian; Xin, Cong; Wang, Yaochi; Yang, Sen title: Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Sex Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.380 sha: doc_id: 322733 cord_uid: rriuiofu file: cache/cord-322732-82m84n4w.json key: cord-322732-82m84n4w authors: Felice, C; Nardin, C; Di Tanna, G L; Grossi, U; Bernardi, E; Scaldaferri, L; Romagnoli, M; Tonon, L; Cavasin, P; Novello, S; Scarpa, R; Farnia, A; De Menis, E; Rigoli, R; Cinetto, F; Pauletto, P; Agostini, C; Rattazzi, M title: Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives date: 2020-06-08 journal: Am J Hypertens DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa096 sha: doc_id: 322732 cord_uid: 82m84n4w file: cache/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.json key: cord-322714-s0wge7o4 authors: Joyner, Michael J.; Bruno, Katelyn A.; Klassen, Stephen A.; Kunze, Katie L.; Johnson, Patrick W.; Lesser, Elizabeth R.; Wiggins, Chad C.; Senefeld, Jonathon W.; Klompas, Allan M.; Hodge, David O.; Shepherd, John R.A.; Rea, Robert F.; Whelan, Emily R.; Clayburn, Andrew J.; Spiegel, Matthew R.; Baker, Sarah E.; Larson, Kathryn F.; Ripoll, Juan G.; Andersen, Kylie J.; Buras, Matthew R.; Vogt, Matthew N.P.; Herasevich, Vitaly; Dennis, Joshua J.; Regimbal, Riley J.; Bauer, Philippe R.; Blair, Janis E.; Van Buskirk, Camille M.; Winters, Jeffrey L.; Stubbs, James R.; van Helmond, Noud; Butterfield, Brian P.; Sexton, Matthew A.; Diaz Soto, Juan C.; Paneth, Nigel S.; Verdun, Nicole C.; Marks, Peter; Casadevall, Arturo; Fairweather, DeLisa; Carter, Rickey E.; Wright, R. Scott title: Safety Update: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 20,000 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-07-19 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028 sha: doc_id: 322714 cord_uid: s0wge7o4 file: cache/cord-322723-qmnorud2.json key: cord-322723-qmnorud2 authors: Goetz, Christian; Fassbender, Thomas F.; Meyer, Philipp T. title: Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: Clin Nucl Med DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003196 sha: doc_id: 322723 cord_uid: qmnorud2 file: cache/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.json key: cord-322789-9elfpx0e authors: Abbaspour Kasgari, Hamideh; Moradi, Siavash; Shabani, Amir Mohammad; Babamahmoodi, Farhang; Davoudi Badabi, Ali Reza; Davoudi, Lotfollah; Alikhani, Ahmad; Hedayatizadeh Omran, Akbar; Saeedi, Majid; Merat, Shahin; Wentzel, Hannah; Garratt, Anna; Levi, Jacob; Simmons, Bryony; Hill, Andrew; Tirgar Fakheri, Hafez title: Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Antimicrob Chemother DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa332 sha: doc_id: 322789 cord_uid: 9elfpx0e file: cache/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.json key: cord-322725-fjd7cbvb authors: Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz; Saki, Mohammad Reza; Dadashpour, Nazanin; Ghahramani, Zahra; Paydar, Shahram title: Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-17 journal: Bull Emerg Trauma DOI: 10.30476/beat.2020.86487 sha: doc_id: 322725 cord_uid: fjd7cbvb file: cache/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.json key: cord-322663-a58e6pp8 authors: Giacomelli, Andrea; Ridolfo, Anna Lisa; Milazzo, Laura; Oreni, Letizia; Bernacchia, Dario; Siano, Matteo; Bonazzetti, Cecilia; Covizzi, Alice; Schiuma, Marco; Passerini, Matteo; Piscaglia, Marco; Coen, Massimo; Gubertini, Guido; Rizzardini, Giuliano; Cogliati, Chiara; Brambilla, Anna Maria; Colombo, Riccardo; Castelli, Antonio; Rech, Roberto; Riva, Agostino; Torre, Alessandro; Meroni, Luca; Rusconi, Stefano; Antinor, Spinello; Galli, Massimo title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104931 sha: doc_id: 322663 cord_uid: a58e6pp8 file: cache/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.json key: cord-322693-q3h15hd6 authors: Crowley, Des; Cullen, Walter; O'Donnell, Patrick; Van Hout, Marie Claire title: Prison and opportunities for the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: BJGP open DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101106 sha: doc_id: 322693 cord_uid: q3h15hd6 file: cache/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.json key: cord-322718-zpf2ri9k authors: Goldust, Mohamad; Sharma, Aseem; Murrell, Dedee F.; Kazemi, Negin; Rudnicka, Lidia; Kassir, Martin; Navarini, Alexander; Mueller, Simon M. title: Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine date: 2020-07-11 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13996 sha: doc_id: 322718 cord_uid: zpf2ri9k file: cache/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.json key: cord-322787-dbtc0bo3 authors: Runkle, Jennifer D.; Sugg, Margaret M.; Leeper, Ronald D.; Rao, Yuhan; Mathews, Jessica L.; Rennie, Jared J. title: Short-term effects of weather parameters on COVID-19 morbidity in select US cities date: 2020-06-09 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140093 sha: doc_id: 322787 cord_uid: dbtc0bo3 file: cache/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.json key: cord-322798-5r3kf9wa authors: Freeman, Esther E.; McMahon, Devon E. title: Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2020-04-09 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 322798 cord_uid: 5r3kf9wa file: cache/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.json key: cord-322861-q7uk6rdp authors: Zanon, Ezio; Pasca, Samantha; Campello, Elena; Spiezia, Luca; Vettor, Roberto; Simioni, Paolo title: How haemophilia A impacts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) treatment: a case report date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02227-z sha: doc_id: 322861 cord_uid: q7uk6rdp file: cache/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.json key: cord-322868-o3r0y6bz authors: Williams, E. J.; Mair, L.; de Silva, T. I.; Green, D. J.; House, P.; Cawthron, K.; Gillies, C.; Wigfull, J.; Parsons, H.; Partridge, D. G. title: Routine measurement of serum procalcitonin allows antibiotics to be safely withheld in patients admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection. date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20136572 sha: doc_id: 322868 cord_uid: o3r0y6bz file: cache/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.json key: cord-322796-ojfrvtuy authors: Bagheri, S. H. R.; Asghari, A. M.; Farhadi, M.; Shamshiri, A. R.; Kabir, A.; Kamrava, S. K.; Jalessi, M.; Mohebbi, A.; Alizadeh, R.; Honarmand, A. A.; Ghalehbaghi, B.; Salimi, A. title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 sha: doc_id: 322796 cord_uid: ojfrvtuy file: cache/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.json key: cord-322776-jg8hqlu7 authors: Raharja, Antony; Tamara, Alice; Kok, Li Teng title: Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-11-12 journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00921-5 sha: doc_id: 322776 cord_uid: jg8hqlu7 file: cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.json key: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs authors: Wells, Philippa M.; Doores, Katie J.; Couvreur, Simon; Nunez, Rocio Martinez; Seow, Jeffrey; Graham, Carl; Acors, Sam; Kouphou, Neophytos; Neil, Stuart J.D.; Tedder, Richard S.; Matos, Pedro M.; Poulton, Kate; Lista, Maria Jose; Dickenson, Ruth E.; Sertkaya, Helin; Maguire, Thomas J.A.; Scourfield, Edward J.; Bowyer, Ruth C.E.; Hart, Deborah; O'Bryne, Aoife; Steel, Kathyrn J.A.; Hemmings, Oliver; Rosadas, Carolina; McClure, Myra O.; Capedevilla-pujol, Joan; Wolf, Jonathan; Ourselin, Sebastien; Brown, Matthew A.; Malim, Michael H.; Spector, Tim; Steves, Claire J. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011 sha: doc_id: 322812 cord_uid: 9u3ptqjs file: cache/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.json key: cord-322867-1yxxe5d3 authors: Hartman, William R; Hess, Aaron S; Connor, Joseph P title: Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in the Midwest date: 2020-07-14 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-39447/v1 sha: doc_id: 322867 cord_uid: 1yxxe5d3 file: cache/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.json key: cord-322899-uxvlagt3 authors: Gorji, Ali; Ghadiri, Maryam Khaleghi title: The potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 journal: Nutrition DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047 sha: doc_id: 322899 cord_uid: uxvlagt3 file: cache/cord-322838-s82tyeis.json key: cord-322838-s82tyeis authors: Norden, M. J.; Avery, D. H.; Norden, J. G.; Haynor, D. R. title: National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-06-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20129825 sha: doc_id: 322838 cord_uid: s82tyeis file: cache/cord-322866-au76nnzg.json key: cord-322866-au76nnzg authors: Bleizgys, Andrius title: Vitamin D and COVID‐19: It is time to act date: 2020-10-27 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13748 sha: doc_id: 322866 cord_uid: au76nnzg file: cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.json key: cord-322799-opf1qwgl authors: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah; Yadava, Om Prakash; Meharwal, Zile Singh; Iyer, Krishna Subramony; Velayudhan, Bashi title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 journal: Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w sha: doc_id: 322799 cord_uid: opf1qwgl file: cache/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.json key: cord-322908-e3gok0ot authors: Huang, Fangfang; Li, Ying; Leung, Elaine Lai-Han; Liu, Xiaohua; Liu, Kaifeng; Wang, Qu; Lan, Yongqi; Li, Xiaoling; Yu, Haibing; Cu, Liao; Luo, Hui; Luo, Lianxiang title: A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-20 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104929 sha: doc_id: 322908 cord_uid: e3gok0ot file: cache/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.json key: cord-323020-9v44cg3b authors: Khaliq, Maria; Raja, Riffat; Khan, Nasir; Hanif, Hina title: An Analysis of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients in Pakistan date: 2020-07-24 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9373 sha: doc_id: 323020 cord_uid: 9v44cg3b file: cache/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.json key: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1 authors: Ciabattini, Annalisa; Garagnani, Paolo; Santoro, Francesco; Rappuoli, Rino; Franceschi, Claudio; Medaglini, Donata title: Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population date: 2020-11-06 journal: Semin Immunopathol DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0 sha: doc_id: 322913 cord_uid: sq9mq6f1 file: cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.json key: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm authors: Schwartz, Rachel; Sinskey, Jina L.; Anand, Uma; Margolis, Rebecca D. title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-4199 sha: doc_id: 323054 cord_uid: m8hkj1dm file: cache/cord-322957-clf8f90t.json key: cord-322957-clf8f90t authors: Crespo, Javier; Andrade, Raúl; Parras, Fernando Alberca de las; Balaguer, Francesc; Acosta, Manuel Barreiro-de; Bujanda, Luís; Gutiérrez, Ana; Jorquera, Francisco; Iglesias-García, Julio; Sánchez-Yagüe, Andrés; Calleja, José Luis title: Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG date: 2020-04-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.gastre.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 322957 cord_uid: clf8f90t file: cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.json key: cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 authors: Garcia, L. P.; Goncalves, A. V.; de Andrade, M. P.; Pedebos, L. A.; Vidor, A. C.; Zaina, R.; Canto, G. d. L.; de Araujo, G. M.; Amaral, F. V. title: ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144402 sha: doc_id: 323074 cord_uid: u3bs5sj0 file: cache/cord-323103-55yjl25x.json key: cord-323103-55yjl25x authors: Waitzkin, Howard title: Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow date: 2020-08-03 journal: Int J Health Serv DOI: 10.1177/0020731420946612 sha: doc_id: 323103 cord_uid: 55yjl25x file: cache/cord-322966-o65fo853.json key: cord-322966-o65fo853 authors: Arnold, Ruth H. title: COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? date: 2020-05-25 journal: Heart Lung Circ DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 322966 cord_uid: o65fo853 file: cache/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.json key: cord-322919-5ty35rsy authors: Busana, Mattia; Schiavone, Marco; Lanfranchi, Antonio; Battista Forleo, Giovanni; Ceriani, Elisa; Beatrice Cogliati, Chiara; Gasperetti, Alessio title: Non‐invasive hemodynamic profile of early COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-10-28 journal: Physiol Rep DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14628 sha: doc_id: 322919 cord_uid: 5ty35rsy file: cache/cord-323141-6z750avb.json key: cord-323141-6z750avb authors: Kuroda, Naoto title: Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan date: 2020-12-05 journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002724 sha: doc_id: 323141 cord_uid: 6z750avb file: cache/cord-323225-ou7pppum.json key: cord-323225-ou7pppum authors: Mondal, R. N.; Razzak Sarker, M. A.; Das, A.; Ahsan, M. A. K.; Jahan, S. M. S.; Sultana, A.; Sultana, J.; Rani, M. title: Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh date: 2020-08-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20175018 sha: doc_id: 323225 cord_uid: ou7pppum file: cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.json key: cord-323137-8b06u7kt authors: Chern, Alexander; Selesnick, Samuel H. title: Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date: 2020-10-06 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.29147 sha: doc_id: 323137 cord_uid: 8b06u7kt file: cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.json key: cord-323200-xnr02xq3 authors: Mansuri, Farah M.A. title: Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Taibah Univ Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 323200 cord_uid: xnr02xq3 file: cache/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.json key: cord-323274-vhcvbiqm authors: Gansevoort, Ron T.; Hilbrands, Luuk B. title: CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-08-26 journal: Nat Rev Nephrol DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00349-4 sha: doc_id: 323274 cord_uid: vhcvbiqm file: cache/cord-323327-08p122lw.json key: cord-323327-08p122lw authors: van de Veerdonk, Frank L.; Netea, Mihai G. title: Blocking IL-1 to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-18 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03166-0 sha: doc_id: 323327 cord_uid: 08p122lw file: cache/cord-323439-z6rghua1.json key: cord-323439-z6rghua1 authors: Sampaio, Pedro Paulo N.; Ferreira, Roberto M.; de Albuquerque, Felipe N.; Colafranceschi, Alexandre S.; de Almeida, Alexandre C.P.; Nunes, Marcos Alexandre V.; Filho, João Mansur; Lima, Ricardo Antônio C. title: Rescue Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Myopericarditis: A Case Report date: 2020-09-30 journal: Cardiovasc Revasc Med DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.038 sha: doc_id: 323439 cord_uid: z6rghua1 file: cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.json key: cord-322980-rembksdr authors: Talwar, Shivangi; Sood, Shivani; Kumar, Jayant; Chauhan, Ritu; Sharma, Mamta; Tuli, Hardeep Singh title: Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date: 2020-10-22 journal: Curr Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00245-2 sha: doc_id: 322980 cord_uid: rembksdr file: cache/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.json key: cord-322996-ormqm6dx authors: Wells, Rebecca Erwin; Strauss, Lauren Doyle title: The Value of Headache‐Specific Recommendations During COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 journal: Headache DOI: 10.1111/head.13821 sha: doc_id: 322996 cord_uid: ormqm6dx file: cache/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.json key: cord-323092-j2u0ny2u authors: Crosby, James C.; Heimann, Matthew A.; Burleson, Samuel L.; Anzalone, Brendan C.; Swanson, Jonathan F.; Wallace, Douglas W.; Greene, Christopher J. title: COVID‐19: A review of therapeutics under investigation date: 2020-04-19 journal: J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12081 sha: doc_id: 323092 cord_uid: j2u0ny2u file: cache/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.json key: cord-323398-4zvs7f6e authors: Groshkova, Teodora; Stoian, Tiberiu; Cunningham, Andrew; Griffiths, Paul; Singleton, Nicola; Sedefov, Roumen title: Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Addict Med DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000698 sha: doc_id: 323398 cord_uid: 4zvs7f6e file: cache/cord-323497-9km0i816.json key: cord-323497-9km0i816 authors: Jella, Tarun K.; Acuña, Alexander J.; Samuel, Linsen T.; Jella, Taral K.; Mroz, Thomas E.; Kamath, Atul F. title: Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00577 sha: doc_id: 323497 cord_uid: 9km0i816 file: cache/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.json key: cord-323314-y3k9dntf authors: Aggarwal, Sandeep; Mahawar, Kamal; Khaitan, Manish; Raj, Praveen; Wadhawan, Randeep; Dukkipati, NandaKishore; Kular, Kuldeepak S; Prasad, Arun; Bhasker, Aparna Govil; Soni, Vandana; Madhok, Brijesh; Baig, Sarfaraz; Palaniappan, Raj; Shivaram, H. V.; Goel, Deep; Bindal, Vivek; Saggu, Sukhvinder; Shrivastava, Rajesh; Shah, Sumeet; Dhorepatil, Shrihari; Khullar, Rajesh title: Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-22 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04940-3 sha: doc_id: 323314 cord_uid: y3k9dntf file: cache/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.json key: cord-323424-86wh4u6l authors: Santos, M. M.; Lucena, E. E. S.; Lima, K. C.; Brito, A. A. C.; Bay, M. B.; Bonfada, D. title: Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil date: 2020-09-07 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002034 sha: doc_id: 323424 cord_uid: 86wh4u6l file: cache/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.json key: cord-323446-w2ci1bfr authors: Pan, Feng; Ye, Tianhe; Sun, Peng; Gui, Shan; Liang, Bo; Li, Lingli; Zheng, Dandan; Wang, Jiazheng; Hesketh, Richard L.; Yang, Lian; Zheng, Chuansheng title: Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-02-13 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370 sha: doc_id: 323446 cord_uid: w2ci1bfr file: cache/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.json key: cord-323468-xn7anxj6 authors: Olloquequi, Jordi title: COVID‐19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease date: 2020-08-11 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13382 sha: doc_id: 323468 cord_uid: xn7anxj6 file: cache/cord-323363-mcmce24i.json key: cord-323363-mcmce24i authors: Wong, Raymond L.M.; Lai, Kenny H.W.; Huang, Suber S.; Jonas, Jost B.; Lam, Dennis S.C. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward date: 2020-04-29 journal: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000283 sha: doc_id: 323363 cord_uid: mcmce24i file: cache/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.json key: cord-323503-l5skiu2l authors: Neri, E.; Coppola, F.; Larici, A. R.; Sverzellati, N.; Mazzei, M. A.; Sacco, P.; Dalpiaz, G.; Feragalli, B.; Miele, V.; Grassi, R. title: Structured reporting of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a consensus proposal date: 2020-08-12 journal: Insights Imaging DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00901-7 sha: doc_id: 323503 cord_uid: l5skiu2l file: cache/cord-323471-stajtsbf.json key: cord-323471-stajtsbf authors: Kristoffersen, ES; Faiz, KW; Sandset, EC; Storstein, AM; Stefansen, S; Winsvold, BW; Hansen, JM title: Hospital-based headache care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark and Norway date: 2020-10-29 journal: J Headache Pain DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01195-2 sha: doc_id: 323471 cord_uid: stajtsbf file: cache/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.json key: cord-323421-67r1qmc9 authors: Liao, Yunfei; Feng, Yong; Wang, Bo; Wang, Hanyu; Huang, Jinsha; Wu, Yaxin; Wu, Ziling; Chen, Xiao; Yang, Chao; Fu, Xinqiao; Sun, Hui title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.21.20074724 sha: doc_id: 323421 cord_uid: 67r1qmc9 file: cache/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.json key: cord-323540-7b2mt1a8 authors: García, Leidy Y.; Cerda, Arcadio A. title: Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine date: 2020-06-25 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.068 sha: doc_id: 323540 cord_uid: 7b2mt1a8 file: cache/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.json key: cord-323570-jpicmqpq authors: Dambha-Miller, Hajira; Albasri, Ali; Hodgson, Sam; Wilcox, Christopher; Islam, Nazrul; Khan, Shareen; Little, Paul; Griffin, Simon title: Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol date: 2020-07-15 journal: BJGP open DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101115 sha: doc_id: 323570 cord_uid: jpicmqpq file: cache/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.json key: cord-323538-9dlr6kqh authors: Malard, Florent; Genthon, Alexis; Brissot, Eolia; van de Wyngaert, Zoe; Marjanovic, Zora; Ikhlef, Souhila; Banet, Anne; Lapusan, Simona; Sestilli, Simona; Corre, Elise; Paviglianiti, Annalisa; Adaeva, Rosa; M.’Hammedi-Bouzina, Fella; Labopin, Myriam; Legrand, Ollivier; Dulery, Rémy; Mohty, Mohamad title: COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease date: 2020-05-06 journal: Bone Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0931-4 sha: doc_id: 323538 cord_uid: 9dlr6kqh file: cache/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.json key: cord-323633-d0w8oqp8 authors: Banda, J. M.; Singh, G. V.; Alser, O.; PRIETO-ALHAMBRA, D. title: Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data date: 2020-08-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164418 sha: doc_id: 323633 cord_uid: d0w8oqp8 file: cache/cord-323507-u28g423o.json key: cord-323507-u28g423o authors: Ofosu-Poku, Rasheed; Anyane, Gladys; Agbeko, Anita Eseenam; Dzaka, Alberta Delali; Owusu-Ansah, Michael; Appiah, Mary Owusu; Spangenberg, Kathryn title: Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana date: 2020-06-24 journal: Palliative & supportive care DOI: 10.1017/s1478951520000498 sha: doc_id: 323507 cord_uid: u28g423o file: cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.json key: cord-323482-kk8iyavj authors: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth; Hafstad, Senior advisor Elisabet Vivianne; Himmels, Senior advisor Jan Peter William; Smedslund, Senior researcher Geir; Flottorp, Research director Signe; Stensland, Researcher Synne Øien; Stroobants, Scientific coordinator Stijn; van de Velde, Researcher Stijn; Elisabeth Vist, Senior researcher Gunn title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-01 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441 sha: doc_id: 323482 cord_uid: kk8iyavj file: cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.json key: cord-323705-n2rec4i8 authors: Varatharaj, Aravinthan; Thomas, Naomi; Ellul, Mark A; Davies, Nicholas W S; Pollak, Thomas A; Tenorio, Elizabeth L; Sultan, Mustafa; Easton, Ava; Breen, Gerome; Zandi, Michael; Coles, Jonathan P; Manji, Hadi; Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam; Menon, David K; Nicholson, Timothy R; Benjamin, Laura A; Carson, Alan; Smith, Craig; Turner, Martin R; Solomon, Tom; Kneen, Rachel; Pett, Sarah L; Galea, Ian; Thomas, Rhys H; Michael, Benedict D title: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date: 2020-06-25 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x sha: doc_id: 323705 cord_uid: n2rec4i8 file: cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.json key: cord-323695-jkik03lb authors: Paolo, Gisondi; Stefano, Piaserico; Luigi, Naldi; Paolo, Dapavo; Andrea, Conti; Piergiorgio, Malagoli; Valerio, Marzano Angelo; Federico, Bardazzi; Massimo, Gasperini; Simone, Cazzaniga; Antonio, Costanzo; Sacchelli, Lidia; Pezzolo, Elena; Messina, Francesco; Lasagni, Claudia; Bigi, Laura; Cattaneo, Angelo; Carrera, Carlo Giovanni; Arancio, Luisa; Ribero, Simone; Rozzo, Giulia; Damiani, Giovanni; Facheris, Paola title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.032 sha: doc_id: 323695 cord_uid: jkik03lb file: cache/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.json key: cord-323676-sp8kys0n authors: Valensisi, Giovanni title: COVID-19 and Global Poverty: Are LDCs Being Left Behind? date: 2020-10-21 journal: Eur J Dev Res DOI: 10.1057/s41287-020-00314-8 sha: doc_id: 323676 cord_uid: sp8kys0n file: cache/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.json key: cord-323686-1bmpvmdd authors: Vrdoljak, Eduard; Sullivan, Richard; Lawler, Mark title: Cancer and COVID-19; how do we manage cancer optimally through a public health crisis? date: 2020-04-18 journal: Eur J Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 323686 cord_uid: 1bmpvmdd file: cache/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.json key: cord-323590-m4jsu1q5 authors: Ortiz de Landazuri, Iñaki; Egri, Natalia; Muñoz-Sánchez, Guillermo; Ortiz-Maldonado, Valentín; Bolaño, Victor; Guijarro, Carla; Pascal, Mariona; Juan, Manel title: Manufacturing and Management of CAR T-Cell Therapy in “COVID-19’s Time”: Central Versus Point of Care Proposals date: 2020-10-15 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573179 sha: doc_id: 323590 cord_uid: m4jsu1q5 file: cache/cord-323661-rss9litb.json key: cord-323661-rss9litb authors: Gressenberger, Paul; Gary, Thomas; Raggam, Reinhard B.; Borenich, Andrea; Brodmann, Marianne title: Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences date: 2020-10-06 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.10.007 sha: doc_id: 323661 cord_uid: rss9litb file: cache/cord-323616-53kksp5w.json key: cord-323616-53kksp5w authors: Wright, L.; Steptoe, A.; Fancourt, D. title: What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults. date: 2020-10-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215376 sha: doc_id: 323616 cord_uid: 53kksp5w file: cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.json key: cord-323647-q67fa0m3 authors: Misra, Durga Prasanna; Gasparyan, Armen Yuri; Zimba, Olena title: Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date: 2020-09-02 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2 sha: doc_id: 323647 cord_uid: q67fa0m3 file: cache/cord-323631-r31sfq90.json key: cord-323631-r31sfq90 authors: Edul, Vanina Siham Kanoore; Eguillor, Juan Francisco Caminos; Ferrara, Gonzalo; Estenssoro, Elisa; Siles, Daniel Shiovan Páez; Cesio, Cristián Emanuel; Dubin, Arnaldo title: Microcirculation alterations in severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 323631 cord_uid: r31sfq90 file: cache/cord-323690-dp51djtz.json key: cord-323690-dp51djtz authors: Arora, Alisha; Jha, Amrit Kumar; Alat, Priya; Das, Sitanshu Sekhar title: Understanding Coronaphobia date: 2020-09-06 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384 sha: doc_id: 323690 cord_uid: dp51djtz file: cache/cord-323666-t7cshj05.json key: cord-323666-t7cshj05 authors: Cegolon, L.; Javanbakht, M.; Mastrangelo, G. title: Nasal Disinfection for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Scoping Review on Potential Chemo-preventive Agents. date: 2020-08-18 journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113605 sha: doc_id: 323666 cord_uid: t7cshj05 file: cache/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.json key: cord-323775-sonsrf5b authors: Franchini, Linda; Ragone, Nicola; Seghi, Federico; Barbini, Barbara; Colombo, Cristina title: Mental Health Services For Mood Disorder Outpatients In Milan During COVID-19 Outbreak: the experience of the health care providers at San Raffaele Hospital date: 2020-07-21 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113317 sha: doc_id: 323775 cord_uid: sonsrf5b file: cache/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.json key: cord-323582-7y8pt72r authors: Ahamad, Martuza; Aktar, Sakifa; Rashed-Al-Mahfuz; Uddin, Shahadat; Lió, Pietro; Xu, Haoming; Summers, Matthew A.; Quinn, Julian M.W.; Moni, Mohammad Ali title: A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients date: 2020-06-20 journal: Expert Syst Appl DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113661 sha: doc_id: 323582 cord_uid: 7y8pt72r file: cache/cord-323743-hr23ux58.json key: cord-323743-hr23ux58 authors: Chen, Xiaofeng; Tang, Yanyan; Mo, Yongkang; Li, Shengkai; Lin, Daiying; Yang, Zhijian; Yang, Zhiqi; Sun, Hongfu; Qiu, Jinming; Liao, Yuting; Xiao, Jianning; Chen, Xiangguang; Wu, Xianheng; Wu, Renhua; Dai, Zhuozhi title: A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study date: 2020-04-16 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06829-2 sha: doc_id: 323743 cord_uid: hr23ux58 file: cache/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.json key: cord-323489-ro7kbnu3 authors: Arenas, María Dolores; Villar, Judit; González, Cristina; Cao, Higinio; Collado, Silvia; Barbosa, Francesc; Crespo, Marta; Horcajada, Juan Pablo; Pascual, Julio title: Protection of nephrology health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 323489 cord_uid: ro7kbnu3 file: cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.json key: cord-323591-8r30lsq8 authors: Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi; Aragon, Davi Casale; Nunes, Altacílio Aparecido title: Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date: 2020-08-26 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0481-2020 sha: doc_id: 323591 cord_uid: 8r30lsq8 file: cache/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.json key: cord-323603-99d0wv1h authors: Nunez Garcia, B.; Blanco Clemente, M.; Morito Aguilar, A.; Martinez Cutillas, M.; Traseira, C.; Garitaonaindia, Y.; Aguado Noya, R.; Alfaro Autor, C.; Visedo, G.; franco, F.; calvo de juan, V.; Provencio Pulla, M. title: Real-world data: Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-30 journal: Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1797 sha: doc_id: 323603 cord_uid: 99d0wv1h file: cache/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.json key: cord-323696-0lq8ql6n authors: Bearman, Gonzalo; Pryor, Rachel; Vokes, Rebecca; Cooper, Kaila; Doll, Michelle; Godbout, Emily J.; Stevens, Michael P. title: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time? date: 2020-05-20 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.059 sha: doc_id: 323696 cord_uid: 0lq8ql6n file: cache/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.json key: cord-323766-oyyj35bl authors: Parker, Michael J; Fraser, Christophe; Abeler-Dörner, Lucie; Bonsall, David title: Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106314 sha: doc_id: 323766 cord_uid: oyyj35bl file: cache/cord-323793-c69joaqs.json key: cord-323793-c69joaqs authors: Palmieri, V.; Papi, M. title: Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-07 journal: Nano Today DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100883 sha: doc_id: 323793 cord_uid: c69joaqs file: cache/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.json key: cord-323923-5j8kowzv authors: Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan; Lescure, François-Xavier; Sallard, Erwan; Ravaud, Philippe; Vegreville, Bruno; Zeitoun, Jean-David title: Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 journal: J Antimicrob Chemother DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa223 sha: doc_id: 323923 cord_uid: 5j8kowzv file: cache/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.json key: cord-323794-p3zjxo1h authors: Malik, A. A.; McFadden, S. M.; Elharake, J.; Omer, S. B. title: Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the U.S. date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110700 sha: doc_id: 323794 cord_uid: p3zjxo1h file: cache/cord-323809-bocidwg4.json key: cord-323809-bocidwg4 authors: Patel, Dhwanil; Truong, Tiffany; Shah, Nikhil; Colbert, Gates B.; Thomas, Beje; Velez, Juan Carlos Q.; Lerma, Edgar V.; Hiremath, Swapnil title: COVID-19 EXTRAPULMONARY ILLNESS - The Impact of COVID-19 on Nephrology Care date: 2020-07-25 journal: Dis Mon DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101057 sha: doc_id: 323809 cord_uid: bocidwg4 file: cache/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.json key: cord-323751-ofz4htdb authors: Liu, Yuzhi; Xiang, Lingya; Deng, Kai title: Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough date: 2020-05-18 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.043 sha: doc_id: 323751 cord_uid: ofz4htdb file: cache/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.json key: cord-323816-3m1iu9j2 authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Misra, Anoop title: Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India date: 2020-08-27 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.032 sha: doc_id: 323816 cord_uid: 3m1iu9j2 file: cache/cord-323906-ro078y52.json key: cord-323906-ro078y52 authors: Sardu, Celestino; Marfella, Raffaele; Maggi, Paolo; Messina, Vincenzo; Cirillo, Paolo; Codella, Vinicio; Gambardella, Jessica; Sardu, Antonio; Gatta, Gianluca; Santulli, Gaetano; Paolisso, Giuseppe title: Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 journal: BMC Cardiovasc Disord DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01658-z sha: doc_id: 323906 cord_uid: ro078y52 file: cache/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.json key: cord-323934-vew4uxu4 authors: Mohanty, S. K.; Dubey, M.; Mishra, U. S.; Sahoo, U. title: Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany date: 2020-07-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.06.20147009 sha: doc_id: 323934 cord_uid: vew4uxu4 file: cache/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.json key: cord-323965-6mzzibj8 authors: Kapoor, Krishan Mohan; Chatrath, Vandana; Boxley, Sarah Gillian; Nurlin, Iman; Snozzi, Philippe; Demosthenous, Nestor; Belo, Victoria; Chan, Wai Man; Kanaris, Nicole; Kapoor, Puneet title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Consensus Guidelines for Preferred Practices in an Aesthetic Clinic date: 2020-05-16 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13597 sha: doc_id: 323965 cord_uid: 6mzzibj8 file: cache/cord-323898-054gv684.json key: cord-323898-054gv684 authors: Khan, Anas A.; AlRuthia, Yazed; Balkhi, Bander; Alghadeer, Sultan M.; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Althunayyan, Saqer M.; Alsofayan, Yousef M. title: Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date: 2020-10-13 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207458 sha: doc_id: 323898 cord_uid: 054gv684 file: cache/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.json key: cord-323910-lms3xw4k authors: Putman, Michael; Chock, Yu Pei Eugenia; Tam, Herman; Kim, Alfred H.J.; Sattui, Sebastian E.; Berenbaum, Francis; Danila, Maria I.; Korsten, Peter; Sanchez‐Alvarez, Catalina; Sparks, Jeffrey A.; Coates, Laura C.; Palmerlee, Candace; Peirce, Andrea; Jayatilleke, Arundathi; Johnson, Sindhu R.; Kilian, Adam; Liew, Jean; Prokop, Larry J.; Murad, M. Hassan; Grainger, Rebecca; Wallace, Zachary S.; Duarte‐García, Alí title: Antirheumatic Disease Therapies for the Treatment of COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis date: 2020-08-02 journal: Arthritis Rheumatol DOI: 10.1002/art.41469 sha: doc_id: 323910 cord_uid: lms3xw4k file: cache/cord-323941-6rdveab3.json key: cord-323941-6rdveab3 authors: Levine, Diane Thembekile; Morton, Julie; O’Reilly, Michelle title: Child safety, protection, and safeguarding in the time of COVID-19 in Great Britain: Proposing a conceptual framework date: 2020-08-13 journal: Child Abuse & Neglect DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104668 sha: doc_id: 323941 cord_uid: 6rdveab3 file: cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.json key: cord-323940-ubazgvov authors: Cafiero, Concetta; Re, Agnese; Micera, Alessandra; Palmirotta, Raffaele; Monaco, Delio; Romano, Francesca; Fabrizio, Claudia; Di Francia, Raffaele; Cacciamani, Andrea; Surico, Pier Luigi; D’Amato, Gerardo; Pisconti, Salvatore title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 journal: Pharmgenomics Pers Med DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s270069 sha: doc_id: 323940 cord_uid: ubazgvov file: cache/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.json key: cord-323966-vj9za3cx authors: Collier, Karole T.; Rothstein, David H. title: COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race date: 2020-05-20 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 323966 cord_uid: vj9za3cx file: cache/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.json key: cord-323981-jo2n51mi authors: Yu, Wei; Ou, Xianhong; Liu, Xiaofan; Zhang, Shuaixu; Gao, Xinxin; Cheng, Hongju; Zhu, Baoliang; Yan, Jing title: ACE2 contributes to the maintenance of mouse epithelial barrier function date: 2020-10-21 journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 323981 cord_uid: jo2n51mi file: cache/cord-324041-lqokztor.json key: cord-324041-lqokztor authors: Saussez, Sven; Lechien, Jerome R.; Hopkins, Claire title: Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered date: 2020-09-09 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0 sha: doc_id: 324041 cord_uid: lqokztor file: cache/cord-323826-nxst9poy.json key: cord-323826-nxst9poy authors: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Gholizadeh, Masoumeh title: Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays date: 2020-05-04 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.188 sha: doc_id: 323826 cord_uid: nxst9poy file: cache/cord-323943-9916y6x0.json key: cord-323943-9916y6x0 authors: Platt, Daniel E; Parida, Laxmi E; Zalloua, Pierre title: Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date: 2020-04-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20071928 sha: doc_id: 323943 cord_uid: 9916y6x0 file: cache/cord-324035-43jy23ic.json key: cord-324035-43jy23ic authors: Fronterre, C.; Read, J. M.; Rowlingson, B.; Bridgen, J.; Alderton, S.; Diggle, P. J.; Jewell, C. P. title: COVID-19 in England: spatial patterns and regional outbreaks date: 2020-05-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.15.20102715 sha: doc_id: 324035 cord_uid: 43jy23ic file: cache/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.json key: cord-324060-vvexfg1c authors: Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.; Daniil, Zoi; Zakynthinos, Epaminondas; Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos; Sakkas, Lazaros I. title: When there is a pandemic there is no time to waste: should we have hydroxychloroquine in our armoury against COVID-19 infected patients? date: 2020-03-31 journal: Mediterr J Rheumatol DOI: 10.31138/mjr.31.1.94 sha: doc_id: 324060 cord_uid: vvexfg1c file: cache/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.json key: cord-324092-ertcvh8x authors: Madani, Azzeddine; Boutebal, Saad Eddine; Bryant, Christopher Robin title: The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria date: 2020-05-21 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103604 sha: doc_id: 324092 cord_uid: ertcvh8x file: cache/cord-323980-rcyjthze.json key: cord-323980-rcyjthze authors: Willems, Laurent M.; Balcik, Yunus; Noda, Anna H.; Siebenbrodt, Kai; Leimeister, Sina; McCoy, Jeannie; Kienitz, Ricardo; Kiyose, Makoto; Reinecke, Raphael; Schäfer, Jan-Hendrik; Zöllner, Johann Philipp; Bauer, Sebastian; Rosenow, Felix; Strzelczyk, Adam title: SARS-CoV-2-related rapid reorganization of an epilepsy outpatient clinic from personal appointments to telemedicine services: A German single-center experience date: 2020-10-06 journal: Epilepsy Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107483 sha: doc_id: 323980 cord_uid: rcyjthze file: cache/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.json key: cord-324075-8r7v0g29 authors: Jiang, Yuanyuan; Tang, Tianyi; Mei, Li; Li, Huang title: COVID‐19 affected patients' utilization of dental care service date: 2020-08-04 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13568 sha: doc_id: 324075 cord_uid: 8r7v0g29 file: cache/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.json key: cord-324159-jv3lknl8 authors: Ashraf, Muddasir; Sajed, Sulaiman title: Acute Stroke in a Young Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale date: 2020-09-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10233 sha: doc_id: 324159 cord_uid: jv3lknl8 file: cache/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.json key: cord-324186-yw5qpbme authors: Kovalic, Alexander J.; Satapathy, Sanjaya K.; Thuluvath, Paul J. title: Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-28 journal: Hepatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10078-2 sha: doc_id: 324186 cord_uid: yw5qpbme file: cache/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.json key: cord-324143-ztj6o4ob authors: Harper, Craig A.; Satchell, Liam P.; Fido, Dean; Latzman, Robert D. title: Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-27 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5 sha: doc_id: 324143 cord_uid: ztj6o4ob file: cache/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.json key: cord-324198-b8f99z8r authors: Allam, Zaheer title: Underlining the Role of Data Science and Technology in Supporting Supply Chains, Political Stability and Health Networks During Pandemics date: 2020-07-24 journal: Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and its Implications DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00010-3 sha: doc_id: 324198 cord_uid: b8f99z8r file: cache/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.json key: cord-324038-1ub2d92w authors: Calvo, Cristina; Tagarro, Alfredo; Otheo, Enrique; Epalza, Cristina title: Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics() date: 2020-03-26 journal: An Pediatr (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.03.001 sha: doc_id: 324038 cord_uid: 1ub2d92w file: cache/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.json key: cord-324245-cfiekxr4 authors: Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo; Paoletti, Oriana; Pan, Angelo; De Gennaro, Fabio; Nardecchia, Anna Laura; Morandini, Rossella; Dellanoce, Claudia; Lombi, Samuele; Tala, Maurizio; Cancelli, Vanessa; Zambelli, Silvia; Bosio, Giancarlo; Romanini, Laura; Testa, Sophie title: Prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-08-25 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02472-3 sha: doc_id: 324245 cord_uid: cfiekxr4 file: cache/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.json key: cord-324307-2zbm4iwn authors: Kam, Kai-qian; Yung, Chee Fu; Cui, Lin; Tzer Pin Lin, Raymond; Mak, Tze Minn; Maiwald, Matthias; Li, Jiahui; Chong, Chia Yin; Nadua, Karen; Tan, Natalie Woon Hui; Thoon, Koh Cheng title: A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load date: 2020-02-28 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa201 sha: doc_id: 324307 cord_uid: 2zbm4iwn file: cache/cord-324246-liyk6mna.json key: cord-324246-liyk6mna authors: Shakoor, Hira; Feehan, Jack; Mikkelsen, Kathleen; Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S.; Ali, Habiba I.; Platat, Carine; Ismail, Leila Cheikh; Stojanovska, Lily; Apostolopoulos, Vasso title: Be well: A potential role for vitamin B in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 journal: Maturitas DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 324246 cord_uid: liyk6mna file: cache/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.json key: cord-324300-6iv6c9nw authors: Goldstein, Mark R; Poland, Gregory A; Graeber, Charles W title: Reply: Use of statins in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa173 sha: doc_id: 324300 cord_uid: 6iv6c9nw file: cache/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.json key: cord-324175-5c4ijkpm authors: Kassas, Mohamed El; Abdelkader, Haytham; Medhat, Mohammed A. title: COVID-19 in Egypt: Through Crisis to Adaptation; a gastroenterologist’s Perspective date: 2020-07-19 journal: Arab J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 324175 cord_uid: 5c4ijkpm file: cache/cord-324304-3hih17gk.json key: cord-324304-3hih17gk authors: Qarnain, Syed Shuibul; Muthuvel, S.; Bathrinath, S. title: Review on government action plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-05-06 journal: Mater Today Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.723 sha: doc_id: 324304 cord_uid: 3hih17gk file: cache/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.json key: cord-324265-j3v3i8vm authors: Marietta, Marco; Coluccio, Valeria; Luppi, Mario title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers date: 2020-07-11 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02432-x sha: doc_id: 324265 cord_uid: j3v3i8vm file: cache/cord-324270-8rgkop42.json key: cord-324270-8rgkop42 authors: Renaud-Picard, Benjamin; Gallais, Floriane; Riou, Marianne; Zouzou, Adel; Porzio, Michele; Kessler, Romain title: Delayed pulmonary abscess following COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-06-18 journal: Respir Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100776 sha: doc_id: 324270 cord_uid: 8rgkop42 file: cache/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.json key: cord-324210-zpb9jicw authors: Russell, Beth; Moss, Charlotte; Rigg, Anne; Hopkins, Claire; Papa, Sophie; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke title: Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say? date: 2020-04-03 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed98 sha: doc_id: 324210 cord_uid: zpb9jicw file: cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.json key: cord-324185-zt88o3co authors: Sovacool, Benjamin K.; Furszyfer Del Rio, Dylan; Griffiths, Steve title: Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date: 2020-10-31 journal: Energy Research & Social Science DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 sha: doc_id: 324185 cord_uid: zt88o3co file: cache/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.json key: cord-324316-ulb8d5fe authors: Bramstedt, Katrina A. title: Antibodies as Currency: COVID-19’s Golden Passport date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-09996-5 sha: doc_id: 324316 cord_uid: ulb8d5fe file: cache/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.json key: cord-324204-y8eckkyb authors: Stevens, Michael P.; Patel, Payal K.; Nori, Priya title: Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck date: 2020-03-13 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.69 sha: doc_id: 324204 cord_uid: y8eckkyb file: cache/cord-324236-32sxqeko.json key: cord-324236-32sxqeko authors: Hua, Wenbin; Zhang, Yukun; Wu, Xinghuo; Gao, Yong; Yang, Cao title: Work Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgeons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Analysis date: 2020-08-13 journal: Perioper Care Oper Room Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100127 sha: doc_id: 324236 cord_uid: 32sxqeko file: cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.json key: cord-324366-x3djkzqn authors: Hao, Fei; Xiao, Qu; Chon, Kaye title: COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Hosp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636 sha: doc_id: 324366 cord_uid: x3djkzqn file: cache/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.json key: cord-324234-3l8n9mhf authors: Brennan, John; Reilly, Patrice; Cuskelly, Kerry; Donnelly, Sarah title: Social work, mental health, older people and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000873 sha: doc_id: 324234 cord_uid: 3l8n9mhf file: cache/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.json key: cord-324368-z1sjukgf authors: Lyons, Zaza; Wilcox, Helen; Leung, Lianne; Dearsley, Oliver title: COVID-19 and the mental well-being of Australian medical students: impact, concerns and coping strategies used date: 2020-08-10 journal: Australas Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/1039856220947945 sha: doc_id: 324368 cord_uid: z1sjukgf file: cache/cord-324359-88vy3dre.json key: cord-324359-88vy3dre authors: Kamara, Foday Mamoud; Mokuwa, Esther Yei; Richards, Paul title: How villagers in central Sierra Leone understand infection risks under threat of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235108 sha: doc_id: 324359 cord_uid: 88vy3dre file: cache/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.json key: cord-324356-v0bqi5c2 authors: Turner, Tari; El-Jardali, Fadi title: The crucible of COVID-19: what the pandemic is teaching us about health research systems date: 2020-06-01 journal: Health Res Policy Syst DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00573-1 sha: doc_id: 324356 cord_uid: v0bqi5c2 file: cache/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.json key: cord-324387-mnucvmr1 authors: Dunn, Michael; Sheehan, Mark; Hordern, Joshua; Turnham, Helen Lynne; Wilkinson, Dominic title: ‘Your country needs you’: the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106284 sha: doc_id: 324387 cord_uid: mnucvmr1 file: cache/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.json key: cord-324483-zvj1ttay authors: Ganesh, Radhakrishnan; Lucocq, James; Ekpete, Neville Ogbonnia; Ain, Noor Ul; Lim, Su Kwan; Alwash, Al; Bibi, Saira; Alijani, Afshin title: Management of appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic; short-term outcomes date: 2020-09-02 journal: Scott Med J DOI: 10.1177/0036933020956316 sha: doc_id: 324483 cord_uid: zvj1ttay file: cache/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.json key: cord-324529-xbrdtxnz authors: Wang, Ming; Yan, Weiming; Qi, Weipeng; Wu, Di; Zhu, Lin; Li, Weina; Wang, Xiaojing; Ma, Ke; Ni, Ming; Xu, Dong; Wang, Hongwu; Chen, Guang; Yu, Haijing; Ding, Hongfang; Xing, Mingyou; Han, Meifang; Luo, Xiaoping; Chen, Tao; Guo, Wei; Xi, Dong; Ning, Qin title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-07 journal: Hepatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10075-5 sha: doc_id: 324529 cord_uid: xbrdtxnz file: cache/cord-324498-kl63hglt.json key: cord-324498-kl63hglt authors: Kwok, Benjamin; Brosnahan, Shari B.; Amoroso, Nancy E.; Goldenberg, Ronald M.; Heyman, Brooke; Horowitz, James M.; Jamin, Catherine; Sista, Akhilesh K.; Smith, Deane E.; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Maldonado, Thomas S. title: Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02264-8 sha: doc_id: 324498 cord_uid: kl63hglt file: cache/cord-324385-v8onclcc.json key: cord-324385-v8onclcc authors: Woertz, Eckart title: Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: Food Secur DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01081-4 sha: doc_id: 324385 cord_uid: v8onclcc file: cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.json key: cord-324405-6uanhe2p authors: Burke, Rachel M.; Balter, Sharon; Barnes, Emily; Barry, Vaughn; Bartlett, Karri; Beer, Karlyn D.; Benowitz, Isaac; Biggs, Holly M.; Bruce, Hollianne; Bryant-Genevier, Jonathan; Cates, Jordan; Chatham-Stephens, Kevin; Chea, Nora; Chiou, Howard; Christiansen, Demian; Chu, Victoria T.; Clark, Shauna; Cody, Sara H.; Cohen, Max; Conners, Erin E.; Dasari, Vishal; Dawson, Patrick; DeSalvo, Traci; Donahue, Matthew; Dratch, Alissa; Duca, Lindsey; Duchin, Jeffrey; Dyal, Jonathan W.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Fenstersheib, Marty; Fischer, Marc; Fisher, Rebecca; Foo, Chelsea; Freeman-Ponder, Brandi; Fry, Alicia M.; Gant, Jessica; Gautom, Romesh; Ghinai, Isaac; Gounder, Prabhu; Grigg, Cheri T.; Gunzenhauser, Jeffrey; Hall, Aron J.; Han, George S.; Haupt, Thomas; Holshue, Michelle; Hunter, Jennifer; Ibrahim, Mireille B.; Jacobs, Max W.; Jarashow, M. Claire; Joshi, Kiran; Kamali, Talar; Kawakami, Vance; Kim, Moon; Kirking, Hannah L.; Kita-Yarbro, Amanda; Klos, Rachel; Kobayashi, Miwako; Kocharian, Anna; Lang, Misty; Layden, Jennifer; Leidman, Eva; Lindquist, Scott; Lindstrom, Stephen; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Marlow, Mariel; Mattison, Claire P.; McClung, Nancy; McPherson, Tristan D.; Mello, Lynn; Midgley, Claire M.; Novosad, Shannon; Patel, Megan T.; Pettrone, Kristen; Pillai, Satish K.; Pray, Ian W.; Reese, Heather E.; Rhodes, Heather; Robinson, Susan; Rolfes, Melissa; Routh, Janell; Rubin, Rachel; Rudman, Sarah L.; Russell, Denny; Scott, Sarah; Shetty, Varun; Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E.; Soda, Elizabeth A.; Spitters, Christopher; Stierman, Bryan; Sunenshine, Rebecca; Terashita, Dawn; Traub, Elizabeth; Vahey, Grace M.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Wallace, Megan; Westercamp, Matthew; Wortham, Jonathan; Xie, Amy; Yousaf, Anna; Zahn, Matthew title: Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-09-02 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238342 sha: doc_id: 324405 cord_uid: 6uanhe2p file: cache/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.json key: cord-324273-fl7k8ubi authors: So, M. K. P.; Chu, A. M. Y.; Tiwari, A.; Chan, J. N. L. title: On Topological Properties of COVID-19: Predicting and Controling Pandemic Risk with Network Statistics date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20197020 sha: doc_id: 324273 cord_uid: fl7k8ubi file: cache/cord-324364-9p04oeac.json key: cord-324364-9p04oeac authors: Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Kow, Chia Siang; Hadi, Muhammad Abdul; Zaidi, Syed Tabish Razi; Merchant, Hamid A. title: Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 journal: Am J Cardiovasc Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40256-020-00439-5 sha: doc_id: 324364 cord_uid: 9p04oeac file: cache/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.json key: cord-324507-w32pe2pz authors: Dubé, Mirette; Kaba, Alyshah; Cronin, Theresa; Barnes, Sue; Fuselli, Tara; Grant, Vincent title: COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date: 2020-08-18 journal: Adv Simul (Lond) DOI: 10.1186/s41077-020-00138-w sha: doc_id: 324507 cord_uid: w32pe2pz file: cache/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.json key: cord-324565-p3jl1vie authors: Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib; Haider Kazmi, Syed J; Khan, Noman A; Akram, Mohammed; Hassan, Maira; Rasheed, Uzma; Ahmed Khan, Salman title: Poor Prognostic Biochemical Markers Predicting Fatalities Caused by COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-05 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9575 sha: doc_id: 324565 cord_uid: p3jl1vie file: cache/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.json key: cord-324557-4u8dja0n authors: Leblanc, Jean‐François; Germain, Marc; Delage, Gilles; O’Brien, Sheila; Drews, Steven J.; Lewin, Antoine title: Risk of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 by Transfusion: A Literature Review date: 2020-08-15 journal: Transfusion DOI: 10.1111/trf.16056 sha: doc_id: 324557 cord_uid: 4u8dja0n file: cache/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.json key: cord-324669-qca0uwxo authors: Radermecker, Coraline; Detrembleur, Nancy; Guiot, Julien; Cavalier, Etienne; Henket, Monique; d’Emal, Céline; Vanwinge, Céline; Cataldo, Didier; Oury, Cécile; Delvenne, Philippe; Marichal, Thomas title: Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Exp Med DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201012 sha: doc_id: 324669 cord_uid: qca0uwxo file: cache/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.json key: cord-324642-uk4ir8po authors: Okuhara, Tsuyoshi; Okada, Hiroko; Kiuchi, Takahiro title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan date: 2020-08-21 journal: Patient Educ Couns DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.016 sha: doc_id: 324642 cord_uid: uk4ir8po file: cache/cord-324725-6xu7q927.json key: cord-324725-6xu7q927 authors: Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Aldhaleei, Wafa Ali; Rahmani, Jamal; Mahabadi, Mohammadjavad Ashrafi; Bandari, Deepak Kumar title: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-03-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 sha: doc_id: 324725 cord_uid: 6xu7q927 file: cache/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.json key: cord-324644-sz5n7a5z authors: Rehman, Mahin; Gondal, Amlish; Rehman, Najeeb U title: Atypical Manifestation of COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis date: 2020-06-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8685 sha: doc_id: 324644 cord_uid: sz5n7a5z file: cache/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.json key: cord-324722-hcil0kj3 authors: Robbins, Shira L.; Packwood, Eric A.; Siegel, Lance M.; Arnold, Robert; Bartiss, Michael; Buffenn, Angela N.; Campolattaro, Brian; Gappy, Christopher; Gerontis, Corina; Go, Jonathan; Kumar, Kartik; Lederman, Carolyn; Ledoux, Danielle; Lichtenstein, Eric; Packwood, Eric; Paviglianiti, Joseph; Reynolds, Andrew; Siegel, Lance; Stevens, Julia; Teed, Ron; Ticho, Ben; Vredevoogd, Lisa title: Economic impact on pediatric ophthalmologists in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 journal: J AAPOS DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 324722 cord_uid: hcil0kj3 file: cache/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.json key: cord-324509-5c6fzdjm authors: Huang, Haijun; Chen, Shanshan; Li, Hong; Zhou, Xian‐Long; Dai, Yining; Jia, Wu; Zhang, Jun; Shao, Lina; Yan, Rong; Wang, Mingshan; Wang, Jiafeng; Tu, Yuexing; Ge, Minghua title: The association between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-22 journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1111/apt.15962 sha: doc_id: 324509 cord_uid: 5c6fzdjm file: cache/cord-324553-qd8249w3.json key: cord-324553-qd8249w3 authors: Cadegiani, F. A.; Wambier, C. G.; Goren, A. title: An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial. date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 sha: doc_id: 324553 cord_uid: qd8249w3 file: cache/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.json key: cord-324615-oqjl3hq2 authors: Orendain, Dan Jezreel A.; Djalante, Riyanti title: Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 journal: Sustain Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00848-0 sha: doc_id: 324615 cord_uid: oqjl3hq2 file: cache/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.json key: cord-324708-2ypm0d52 authors: Kumar, Venkatesan Sampath; Banjara, Roshan; Thapa, Sushma; Majeed, Abdul; Kapoor, Love; Janardhanan, Ritvik; Bakhshi, Sameer; Kumar, Vijay; Malhotra, Rajesh; Khan, Shah Alam title: Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown‐early experience from a tertiary centre in India date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1002/jso.26112 sha: doc_id: 324708 cord_uid: 2ypm0d52 file: cache/cord-324714-mym5xi23.json key: cord-324714-mym5xi23 authors: Staunton, Peter; Gibbons, John P.; Keogh, Peter; Curtin, Paul; Cashman, James P.; O’Byrne, John title: Regional Trauma Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-13 journal: The Surgeon DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 324714 cord_uid: mym5xi23 file: cache/cord-324619-y7gilopu.json key: cord-324619-y7gilopu authors: Alam, S.B.; Willows, Steven; Kulka, Marianna; Sandhu, Jagdeep K. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 may be an underappreciated pathogen of the central nervous system date: 2020-07-15 journal: Eur J Neurol DOI: 10.1111/ene.14442 sha: doc_id: 324619 cord_uid: y7gilopu file: cache/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.json key: cord-324727-bj8oei0v authors: Zhang, Xiaomei; Tang, Chengwei; Tian, Dean; Hou, Xiaohua; Yang, Yunsheng title: Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000728 sha: doc_id: 324727 cord_uid: bj8oei0v file: cache/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.json key: cord-324752-t50bg7pq authors: Lavery, Michael Joseph; Bouvier, Charles Alexis; Thompson, Ben title: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children (and adults): A virus that does not discriminate date: 2020-11-01 journal: Clin Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.10.020 sha: doc_id: 324752 cord_uid: t50bg7pq file: cache/cord-324776-upfguze6.json key: cord-324776-upfguze6 authors: Zhang, Peihua; Shi, Li; Xu, Jie; Wang, Yadong; Yang, Haiyan title: Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates date: 2020-10-17 journal: Immunogenetics DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01179-1 sha: doc_id: 324776 cord_uid: upfguze6 file: cache/cord-324528-517vb02n.json key: cord-324528-517vb02n authors: Zhang, Mo; Geng, Ruoqi; Huang, Yuan; Ren, Shengce title: Terminator or accelerator? Lessons from the peer-to-peer accommodation hosts in China in responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 journal: Int J Hosp Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102760 sha: doc_id: 324528 cord_uid: 517vb02n file: cache/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.json key: cord-324707-9ld73wv1 authors: Mitjà, Oriol; Corbacho-Monné, Marc; Ubals, Maria; Tebe, Cristian; Peñafiel, Judith; Tobias, Aurelio; Ballana, Ester; Alemany, Andrea; Riera-Martí, Núria; Pérez, Carla A; Suñer, Clara; Laporte, Pep; Admella, Pol; Mitjà, Jordi; Clua, Mireia; Bertran, Laia; Sarquella, Maria; Gavilán, Sergi; Ara, Jordi; Argimon, Josep M; Casabona, Jordi; Cuatrecasas, Gabriel; Cañadas, Paz; Elizalde-Torrent, Aleix; Fabregat, Robert; Farré, Magí; Forcada, Anna; Flores-Mateo, Gemma; Muntada, Esteve; Nadal, Núria; Narejos, Silvia; Gil-Ortega, Aroa N; Prat, Nuria; Puig, Jordi; Quiñones, Carles; Reyes-Ureña, Juliana; Ramírez-Viaplana, Ferran; Ruiz, Lidia; Riveira-Muñoz, Eva; Sierra, Alba; Velasco, César; Vivanco-Hidalgo, Rosa Maria; Sentís, Alexis; G-Beiras, Camila; Clotet, Bonaventura; Vall-Mayans, Martí title: Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults with Mild Covid-19: A Randomized-Controlled Trial date: 2020-07-16 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1009 sha: doc_id: 324707 cord_uid: 9ld73wv1 file: cache/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.json key: cord-324488-be0m5gqh authors: Melaku, Tsegaye; Assefa, Desta; Bayisa, Bodena; Legese, Negase title: Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary date: 2020-08-07 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.051 sha: doc_id: 324488 cord_uid: be0m5gqh file: cache/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.json key: cord-324839-6w9kdhod authors: Huang, Jianping; Zhang, Li; Liu, Xiaoyue; Wei, Yun; Liu, Chuwei; Lian, Xinbo; Huang, Zhongwei; Chou, Jifan; Liu, Xingrong; Li, Xun; Yang, Kehu; Wang, Jinguo; Liang, Hongbing; Gu, Qianqing; Du, Pengyue; Zhang, Tinghan title: Global prediction system for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-02 journal: Sci Bull (Beijing) DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 324839 cord_uid: 6w9kdhod file: cache/cord-324809-16zvqizl.json key: cord-324809-16zvqizl authors: Mehta, Neil; Parikh, Neehar; Kelley, R Katie; Hameed, Bilal; Singal, Amit G. title: Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-08 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.072 sha: doc_id: 324809 cord_uid: 16zvqizl file: cache/cord-324983-2fjo664i.json key: cord-324983-2fjo664i authors: Chaturvedi, Santosh K. title: Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health DOI: 10.1007/s40737-020-00205-5 sha: doc_id: 324983 cord_uid: 2fjo664i file: cache/cord-324794-h08uzro4.json key: cord-324794-h08uzro4 authors: Kutlu, Ömer; Aktaş, Habibullah title: The explosion in scabies cases during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13662 sha: doc_id: 324794 cord_uid: h08uzro4 file: cache/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.json key: cord-324898-bjxpuqhr authors: Lazzeri, Marta title: How Italian respiratory physiotherapists have faced and are facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 journal: Arch Physiother DOI: 10.1186/s40945-020-00086-8 sha: doc_id: 324898 cord_uid: bjxpuqhr file: cache/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.json key: cord-324676-pz4rg6up authors: Stefanini, Giulio G.; Montorfano, Matteo; Trabattoni, Daniela; Andreini, Daniele; Ferrante, Giuseppe; Ancona, Marco; Metra, Marco; Curello, Salvatore; Maffeo, Diego; Pero, Gaetano; Cacucci, Michele; Assanelli, Emilio; Bellini, Barbara; Russo, Filippo; Ielasi, Alfonso; Tespili, Maurizio; Danzi, Gian Battista; Vandoni, Pietro; Bollati, Mario; Barbieri, Lucia; Oreglia, Jacopo; Lettieri, Corrado; Cremonesi, Alberto; Carugo, Stefano; Reimers, Bernhard; Condorelli, Gianluigi; Chieffo, Alaide title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes date: 2020-04-30 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047525 sha: doc_id: 324676 cord_uid: pz4rg6up file: cache/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.json key: cord-325014-n7mnhk2v authors: Gujski, Mariusz; Jankowski, Mateusz; Pinkas, Jarosław; Wierzba, Waldemar; Samel-Kowalik, Piotr; Zaczyński, Artur; Jędrusik, Piotr; Pańkowski, Igor; Juszczyk, Grzegorz; Rakocy, Kamil; Raciborski, Filip title: Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020 date: 2020-10-11 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103245 sha: doc_id: 325014 cord_uid: n7mnhk2v file: cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.json key: cord-325021-rv5fsitx authors: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Battaglini, Denise; Ball, Lorenzo; Brunetti, Iole; Bruzzone, Bianca; Codda, Giulia; Crea, Francesca; De Maria, Andrea; Dentone, Chiara; Di Biagio, Antonio; Icardi, Giancarlo; Magnasco, Laura; Marchese, Anna; Mikulska, Malgorzata; Orsi, Andrea; Patroniti, Nicolò; Robba, Chiara; Signori, Alessio; Taramasso, Lucia; Vena, Antonio; Pelosi, Paolo; Bassetti, Matteo title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13319 sha: doc_id: 325021 cord_uid: rv5fsitx file: cache/cord-324919-ciamusjs.json key: cord-324919-ciamusjs authors: Scialo, Filippo; Daniele, Aurora; Amato, Felice; Pastore, Lucio; Matera, Maria Gabriella; Cazzola, Mario; Castaldo, Giuseppe; Bianco, Andrea title: ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-10 journal: Lung DOI: 10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4 sha: doc_id: 324919 cord_uid: ciamusjs file: cache/cord-325115-obquz9ve.json key: cord-325115-obquz9ve authors: Naik, B Naveen; Gupta, Rekha; Singh, Ajay; Soni, Shiv Lal; Puri, G D title: Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Med Syst DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01599-2 sha: doc_id: 325115 cord_uid: obquz9ve file: cache/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.json key: cord-325001-5zd6fydo authors: Sinkala, M.; Nkhoma, P.; Zulu, M.; Kafita, D.; Tembo, R.; Daka, V. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20118893 sha: doc_id: 325001 cord_uid: 5zd6fydo file: cache/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.json key: cord-325019-hznnoxw6 authors: Benavides-Cordoba, Vicente title: Drug Repositioning for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Colombia medica DOI: 10.25100/cm.v51i2.4279 sha: doc_id: 325019 cord_uid: hznnoxw6 file: cache/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.json key: cord-325042-fp6pib7u authors: Sheng, Lingshuang; Wang, Xiong; Tang, Ning; Meng, Fankai; Huang, Liang; Li, Dengju title: Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-19 journal: Clin Exp Med DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00662-z sha: doc_id: 325042 cord_uid: fp6pib7u file: cache/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.json key: cord-324857-ll3xmk3i authors: Jenkins, Louis S.; Von Pressentin, Klaus B.; Naidoo, Kartik; Schaefer, Rachel title: The evolving role of family physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis: An appreciative reflection date: 2020-06-09 journal: Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2478 sha: doc_id: 324857 cord_uid: ll3xmk3i file: cache/cord-324856-hf969tav.json key: cord-324856-hf969tav authors: Abir, Tanvir; Kalimullah, Nazmul Ahsan; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Yazdani, Dewan Muhammad Nur -A.; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Husain, Taha; Basak, Palash; Permarupan, P. Yukthamarani; Agho, Kingsley E. title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys date: 2020-07-21 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145252 sha: doc_id: 324856 cord_uid: hf969tav file: cache/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.json key: cord-324993-hs66uf1u authors: Adwibowo, A. title: Flattening the COVID 19 curve in susceptible forest indigenous tribes using SIR model date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110254 sha: doc_id: 324993 cord_uid: hs66uf1u file: cache/cord-325109-zi1qm589.json key: cord-325109-zi1qm589 authors: Ara, Tasnim; Rahman, Md. Mahabubur; Hossain, Md. Abir; Ahmed, Amir title: Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580268 sha: doc_id: 325109 cord_uid: zi1qm589 file: cache/cord-325026-k514rh8g.json key: cord-325026-k514rh8g authors: Parlapani, Eleni; Holeva, Vasiliki; Nikopoulou, Vasiliki A.; Sereslis, Konstantinos; Athanasiadou, Maria; Godosidis, Athanasios; Stephanou, Theano; Diakogiannis, Ioannis title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842 sha: doc_id: 325026 cord_uid: k514rh8g file: cache/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.json key: cord-325077-j77wbcr3 authors: Prado-Gascó, Vicente; Gómez-Domínguez, María T.; Soto-Rubio, Ana; Díaz-Rodríguez, Luis; Navarro-Mateu, Diego title: Stay at Home and Teach: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial Risks Between Spain and Mexico During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-30 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900 sha: doc_id: 325077 cord_uid: j77wbcr3 file: cache/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.json key: cord-325197-j1uo8qmf authors: Crimi, Ettore; Benincasa, Giuditta; Figueroa-Marrero, Neisaliz; Galdiero, Massimiliano; Napoli, Claudio title: Epigenetic susceptibility to severe respiratory viral infections: pathogenic and therapeutic implications: a narrative review date: 2020-08-20 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.060 sha: doc_id: 325197 cord_uid: j1uo8qmf file: cache/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.json key: cord-324859-0yuhb5dl authors: Mulchandani, Rubina; Lyngdoh, Tanica; Kakkar, Ashish Kumar title: Deciphering the COVID‐19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-11-02 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13429 sha: doc_id: 324859 cord_uid: 0yuhb5dl file: cache/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.json key: cord-325141-x3txhjkr authors: Grech, Victor; Gauci, Charmaine; Agius, Steve title: Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese Healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-10-01 journal: Early Hum Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105213 sha: doc_id: 325141 cord_uid: x3txhjkr file: cache/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.json key: cord-325152-ffmo67hm authors: Siddiqui, Raheel S; Zirkiyeva, Milana; Saliaj, Merjona title: Onset of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10779 sha: doc_id: 325152 cord_uid: ffmo67hm file: cache/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.json key: cord-325226-8zrtjuwf authors: Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Afiaz, Awan; Huq, Samin title: Underreporting COVID-19: the curious case of the Indian subcontinent date: 2020-09-11 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002095 sha: doc_id: 325226 cord_uid: 8zrtjuwf file: cache/cord-325231-hclp7br3.json key: cord-325231-hclp7br3 authors: Patel, Zara M; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan; Hwang, Peter H; Nayak, Jayakar V; Dodd, Robert L; Sajjadi, Hamed; Jackler, Robert K title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa156 sha: doc_id: 325231 cord_uid: hclp7br3 file: cache/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.json key: cord-325186-nq6ay4eo authors: Sieswerda, Elske; De Boer, Mark G.J.; Bonten, Marc M.J.; Boersma, Wim G.; Jonkers, René E.; Aleva, Roel M.; Kullberg, Bart-Jan; Schouten, Jeroen A.; van de Garde, Ewoudt M.W.; Verheij, Theo J.; van der Eerden, Menno M.; Prins, Jan M.; Wiersinga, W. Joost title: Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – An evidence based guideline date: 2020-10-01 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.041 sha: doc_id: 325186 cord_uid: nq6ay4eo file: cache/cord-325129-faptufak.json key: cord-325129-faptufak authors: Meini, Simone; Zanichelli, Andrea; Sbrojavacca, Rodolfo; Iuri, Federico; Roberts, Anna Teresa; Suffritti, Chiara; Tascini, Carlo title: Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key? date: 2020-08-11 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02014 sha: doc_id: 325129 cord_uid: faptufak file: cache/cord-325055-todb1d4x.json key: cord-325055-todb1d4x authors: Rychter, Anna Maria; Zawada, Agnieszka; Ratajczak, Alicja Ewa; Dobrowolska, Agnieszka; Krela‐Kaźmierczak, Iwona title: Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 journal: Obes Rev DOI: 10.1111/obr.13083 sha: doc_id: 325055 cord_uid: todb1d4x file: cache/cord-325128-r53up0ug.json key: cord-325128-r53up0ug authors: Diamantis, Sylvain; Noel, Coralie; Vignier, Nicolas; Gallien, Sébastien title: SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the “confinement disease” is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself date: 2020-05-03 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.023 sha: doc_id: 325128 cord_uid: r53up0ug file: cache/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.json key: cord-325161-6ghu34m1 authors: Michot, Jean-Marie; Albiges, Laurence; Chaput, Nathalie; Saada, Veronique; Pommeret, Fanny; Griscelli, Franck; Balleyguier, Corinne; Besse, Benjamin; Marabelle, Aurélien; Netzer, Florence; Merad, Mansouria; Robert, Caroline; Barlesi, Fabrice; Gachot, Bertrand; Stoclin, Annabelle title: Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report date: 2020-04-02 journal: Ann Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.300 sha: doc_id: 325161 cord_uid: 6ghu34m1 file: cache/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.json key: cord-325274-krmr4d6h authors: Vulliamy, Paul; Jacob, Sabu; Davenport, Ross A. title: Acute aorto‐iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-15 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16760 sha: doc_id: 325274 cord_uid: krmr4d6h file: cache/cord-325307-agaau27o.json key: cord-325307-agaau27o authors: Giavedoni, Priscila; Podlipnik, Sebastián; Pericàs, Juan M.; Fuertes de Vega, Irene; García-Herrera, Adriana; Alós, Llúcia; Carrera, Cristina; Andreu-Febrer, Cristina; Sanz-Beltran, Judit; Riquelme-Mc Loughlin, Constanza; Riera-Monroig, Josep; Combalia, Andrea; Bosch-Amate, Xavier; Morgado-Carrasco, Daniel; Pigem, Ramon; Toll-Abelló, Agustí; Martí-Martí, Ignasi; Rizo-Potau, Daniel; Serra-García, Laura; Alamon-Reig, Francesc; Iranzo, Pilar; Almuedo-Riera, Alex; Muñoz, Jose; Puig, Susana; Mascaró, José M. title: Skin Manifestations in COVID-19: Prevalence and Relationship with Disease Severity date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103261 sha: doc_id: 325307 cord_uid: agaau27o file: cache/cord-325173-2jw15w28.json key: cord-325173-2jw15w28 authors: Zhang, K.; Guo, Y.; Wang, Z.-X.; Ding, J.-M.; Yao, S.; Chen, H.; Zhu, D.-L.; Huang, W.; Dong, S.-S.; Yang, T.-L. title: Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study date: 2020-07-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20147926 sha: doc_id: 325173 cord_uid: 2jw15w28 file: cache/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.json key: cord-325293-nwxtyrpl authors: Akhtar, Hubba; Patel, Chandni; Abuelgasim, Eyad; Harky, Amer title: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 journal: Gynecol Obstet Invest DOI: 10.1159/000509290 sha: doc_id: 325293 cord_uid: nwxtyrpl file: cache/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.json key: cord-325352-k7aapnx3 authors: Manivel, Vijay; Lesnewski, Andrew; Shamim, Simin; Carbonatto, Genevieve; Govindan, Thiru title: CLUE: COVID‐19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department. date: 2020-05-09 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13546 sha: doc_id: 325352 cord_uid: k7aapnx3 file: cache/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.json key: cord-325319-4n2g87hx authors: nan title: Read, use and cite date: 2020-09-29 journal: J Hip Preserv Surg DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnaa032 sha: doc_id: 325319 cord_uid: 4n2g87hx file: cache/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.json key: cord-325313-yj25zkx6 authors: Diao, Bo; Wang, Chenhui; Tan, Yingjun; Chen, Xiewan; Liu, Ying; Ning, Lifeng; Chen, Li; Li, Min; Liu, Yueping; Wang, Gang; Yuan, Zilin; Feng, Zeqing; Wu, Yuzhang; Chen, Yongwen title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-02-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364 sha: doc_id: 325313 cord_uid: yj25zkx6 file: cache/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.json key: cord-325235-uupiv7wh authors: Makris, A.; Kontopoulos, I.; Tserpes, K. title: COVID-19 detection from chest X-Ray images using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110817 sha: doc_id: 325235 cord_uid: uupiv7wh file: cache/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.json key: cord-325324-kh2aal5n authors: Teng, Shaolei; Tang, Qiyi title: ACE2 Enhance Viral Infection or Viral Infection Aggravate the Underlying Diseases date: 2020-08-06 journal: Comput Struct Biotechnol J DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 325324 cord_uid: kh2aal5n file: cache/cord-325241-paztcjm2.json key: cord-325241-paztcjm2 authors: Triki, Haitham; Jeddou, Heithem; Boudjema, Karim title: Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-20 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00799-2 sha: doc_id: 325241 cord_uid: paztcjm2 file: cache/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.json key: cord-325315-m3do6t1j authors: Rossi, Carlo Maria; Beretta, Flavio Niccolò; Traverso, Grazia; Mancarella, Sandro; Zenoni, Davide title: A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine: are these two partners in crime? date: 2020-10-06 journal: Clin Mol Allergy DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00133-6 sha: doc_id: 325315 cord_uid: m3do6t1j file: cache/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.json key: cord-325435-b64ijw5o authors: Reddy, Pavan Kumar; Kuchay, Mohammad Shafi; Mehta, Yatin; Mishra, Sunil Kumar title: Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature date: 2020-08-01 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.050 sha: doc_id: 325435 cord_uid: b64ijw5o file: cache/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.json key: cord-325391-tgli4k5i authors: Perez, Tamra; Perez, Rafael L.; Roman, Jesse title: Conducting clinical research in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Am J Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 325391 cord_uid: tgli4k5i file: cache/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.json key: cord-325309-c9zuh7xs authors: Stickley, A.; Matsubayashi, T.; Sueki, H.; Ueda, M. title: COVID-19 preventive behaviors among people with anxiety and depression: Findings from Japan date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135293 sha: doc_id: 325309 cord_uid: c9zuh7xs file: cache/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.json key: cord-325421-1ysn0kyr authors: Christensen, Johanna; Kumar, Dhiren; Moinuddin, Irfan; Bryson, Alexandra; Kashi, Zahra; Kimball, Pamela; Levy, Marlon; Kamal, Layla; King, Anne; Gupta, Gaurav title: Covid-19 Viremia, Serologies and Clinical Course in a Case Series of Transplant Recipients date: 2020-09-03 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.08.042 sha: doc_id: 325421 cord_uid: 1ysn0kyr file: cache/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.json key: cord-325476-38lg4a1u authors: Rossman, Hagai; Keshet, Ayya; Shilo, Smadar; Gavrieli, Amir; Bauman, Tal; Cohen, Ori; Shelly, Esti; Balicer, Ran; Geiger, Benjamin; Dor, Yuval; Segal, Eran title: A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys date: 2020-04-09 journal: Nat Med DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0857-9 sha: doc_id: 325476 cord_uid: 38lg4a1u file: cache/cord-325436-pp3q022y.json key: cord-325436-pp3q022y authors: Alkhatib, Ahmad title: Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-28 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12092633 sha: doc_id: 325436 cord_uid: pp3q022y file: cache/cord-325531-riftp8g6.json key: cord-325531-riftp8g6 authors: Bhatta, Sabita; Sayed, Abida; Ranabhat, Bandana; Bhatta, Raj Kumar; Acharya, Yogesh title: New-Onset Seizure as the Only Presentation in a Child With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8820 sha: doc_id: 325531 cord_uid: riftp8g6 file: cache/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.json key: cord-325631-c7jwizpj authors: Masetti, Chiara; Generali, Elena; Colapietro, Francesca; Voza, Antonio; Cecconi, Maurizio; Messina, Antonio; Omodei, Paolo; Angelini, Claudio; Ciccarelli, Michele; Badalamenti, Salvatore; Canonica, G. Walter; Lleo, Ana; Aghemo, Alessio title: High mortality in COVID‐19 patients with mild respiratory disease date: 2020-06-29 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13314 sha: doc_id: 325631 cord_uid: c7jwizpj file: cache/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.json key: cord-325512-eehp4uh9 authors: Li, Yiwei; Weng, Qianping; Huang, Xilian; Xie, Yaping; Chen, Can; Qian, Shenxian title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022033 sha: doc_id: 325512 cord_uid: eehp4uh9 file: cache/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.json key: cord-325565-cz9f65ca authors: Heederik, Dick J.J.; Smit, Lidwien A.M.; Vermeulen, Roel C.H. title: Go slow to go fast: A plea for sustained scientific rigor in air pollution research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01361-2020 sha: doc_id: 325565 cord_uid: cz9f65ca file: cache/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.json key: cord-325593-ww2vq3n4 authors: Hendren, Nicholas S.; Grodin, Justin L.; Drazner, Mark H. title: Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Card Fail DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 325593 cord_uid: ww2vq3n4 file: cache/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.json key: cord-325448-rvamjcmx authors: Bianco, F.; Ranieri, A. J.; Paterniti, G.; Pata, F.; Gallo, G. title: Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 journal: Tech Coloproctol DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02255-0 sha: doc_id: 325448 cord_uid: rvamjcmx file: cache/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.json key: cord-325460-4fhegc0z authors: Jacobs, Werner; Lammens, Martin; Kerckhofs, Annelies; Voets, Evy; Van San, Emily; Van Coillie, Samya; Peleman, Cédric; Mergeay, Matthias; Sirimsi, Sabriya; Matheeussen, Veerle; Jansens, Hilde; Baar, Ingrid; Vanden Berghe, Tom; Jorens, Philippe G. title: Fatal lymphocytic cardiac damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): autopsy reveals a ferroptosis signature date: 2020-09-22 journal: ESC Heart Fail DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12958 sha: doc_id: 325460 cord_uid: 4fhegc0z file: cache/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.json key: cord-325558-xpr54hvo authors: Cral, Wilson Gustavo; Lima, Carlos Augusto Souza; Queluz, Dagmar de Paula title: COVID-19 and oral radiology date: 2020-06-18 journal: Imaging Sci Dent DOI: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.2.181 sha: doc_id: 325558 cord_uid: xpr54hvo file: cache/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.json key: cord-325645-rvj4b26t authors: Dumas, Tara M.; Ellis, Wendy; Litt, Dana M. title: What Does Adolescent Substance Use Look Like During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Changes in Frequency, Social Contexts, and Pandemic-Related Predictors date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 325645 cord_uid: rvj4b26t file: cache/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.json key: cord-325449-fl6ob5ja authors: Wang, Jing; Meng, Wen title: COVID-19 and diabetes: the contributions of hyperglycemia date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Mol Cell Biol DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa054 sha: doc_id: 325449 cord_uid: fl6ob5ja file: cache/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.json key: cord-325755-n7vjjw9r authors: Rai, Deependra Kumar; Sharma, Priya; Kumar, Rahul title: Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis- Is it real threat? date: 2020-11-10 journal: Indian J Tuberc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.11.003 sha: doc_id: 325755 cord_uid: n7vjjw9r file: cache/cord-325453-5eskj42c.json key: cord-325453-5eskj42c authors: Haider, Najmul; Yavlinsky, Alexei; Chang, Yu-Mei; Hasan, Mohammad Nayeem; Benfield, Camilla; Osman, Abdinasir Yusuf; Uddin, Md. Jamal; Dar, Osman; Ntoumi, Francine; Zumla, Alimuddin; Kock, Richard title: The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome date: 2020-09-07 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002046 sha: doc_id: 325453 cord_uid: 5eskj42c file: cache/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.json key: cord-325553-ilx9j89c authors: Bakhoum, M. F.; Ritter, M.; Garg, A.; Chan, A. X.; Bakhoum, C. Y.; Smith, D. title: Subclinical ocular inflammation in persons recovered from ambulatory COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.22.20128140 sha: doc_id: 325553 cord_uid: ilx9j89c file: cache/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.json key: cord-325729-2c7btqpl authors: Larrouquere, Louis; Gabin, Manon; Poingt, Emmanuelle; Mouffak, Amelle; Hlavaty, Alex; Lepelley, Marion; Khouri, Charles; Bellier, Alexandre; Alexandre, Joachim; Bedouch, Pierrick; Bertoletti, Laurent; Bordet, Regis; Bouhanick, Béatrice; Jonville‐Bera, Annie‐Pierre; Laporte, Silvy; Le Jeunne, Claire; Letinier, Louis; Micallef, Joëlle; Naudet, Florian; Roustit, Matthieu; Molimard, Mathieu; Richard, Vincent; Cracowski, Jean‐Luc title: Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: Fundam Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12564 sha: doc_id: 325729 cord_uid: 2c7btqpl file: cache/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.json key: cord-325649-zzhsrytw authors: Rispoli, Rossella; Diamond, Mathew E.; Balsano, Massimo; Cappelletto, Barbara title: Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date: 2020-08-07 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 325649 cord_uid: zzhsrytw file: cache/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.json key: cord-325784-zs1qmfjy authors: Sher, Leo title: Are COVID-19 survivors at increased risk for suicide? date: 2020-05-04 journal: Acta neuropsychiatrica DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.21 sha: doc_id: 325784 cord_uid: zs1qmfjy file: cache/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.json key: cord-325669-6kjlcakt authors: Fogacci, Silvia; Fogacci, Federica; Favari, Elda; Toth, Peter P; Borghi, Claudio; Cicero, Arrigo F G title: Management of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in patients infected with SARS CoV-2: pharmacological and clinical issues date: 2020-09-10 journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa105 sha: doc_id: 325669 cord_uid: 6kjlcakt file: cache/cord-325778-y5miy24f.json key: cord-325778-y5miy24f authors: Quigley, Ashley L.; Stone, Haley; Nguyen, Phi Yen; Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad; MacIntyre, C. Raina title: Estimating the Burden of COVID-19 on the Australian Healthcare Workers and Health System date: 2020-10-29 journal: Int J Nurs Stud DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103811 sha: doc_id: 325778 cord_uid: y5miy24f file: cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.json key: cord-325559-di8lljoi authors: Cappello, Francesco; Marino Gammazza, Antonella; Dieli, Francesco; Conway de Macario, Everly; Macario, Alberto JL title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072038 sha: doc_id: 325559 cord_uid: di8lljoi file: cache/cord-325534-psv7v78z.json key: cord-325534-psv7v78z authors: Sangalli, Davide; Polonia, Valeria; Colombo, Daniele; Mantero, Vittorio; Filizzolo, Marco; Scaccabarozzi, Chiara; Salmaggi, Andrea title: A single-centre experience of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-12 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04591-3 sha: doc_id: 325534 cord_uid: psv7v78z file: cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.json key: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 authors: Lapidus, Nathanael; Zhou, Xianlong; Carrat, Fabrice; Riou, Bruno; Zhao, Yan; Hejblum, Gilles title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00749-6 sha: doc_id: 325599 cord_uid: 2gutb4m1 file: cache/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.json key: cord-325793-5vrr7msw authors: Lahiry, Anup K.; Grover, Chander; Mubashir, Syed; Ashique, Karalikkattil T.; Madura, C; Goyal, Nilesh; Talwar, Ankur; Gupta, Sanjeev; Gulanikar, Anirudh D.; Das, Sidhartha title: Dermatosurgery Practice and Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by IADVL SIG Dermatosurgery (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 journal: Indian Dermatol Online J DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_237_20 sha: doc_id: 325793 cord_uid: 5vrr7msw file: cache/cord-325619-qmszgw66.json key: cord-325619-qmszgw66 authors: Ferrari, Andrea; Zecca, Marco; Rizzari, Carmelo; Porta, Fulvio; Provenzi, Massimo; Marinoni, Maddalena; Schumacher, Richard Fabian; Luksch, Roberto; Terenziani, Monica; Casanova, Michela; Spreafico, Filippo; Chiaravalli, Stefano; Compagno, Francesca; Bruni, Federica; Piccolo, Chiara; Bettini, Laura; D'Angiò, Mariella; Ferrari, Giulia Maria; Biondi, Andrea; Massimino, Maura; Balduzzi, Adriana title: Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy date: 2020-05-26 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28410 sha: doc_id: 325619 cord_uid: qmszgw66 file: cache/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.json key: cord-325794-lir8ht2i authors: Kinar, Y.; Lanyado, A.; Shoshan, A.; Yesharim, R.; Domany, T.; Shalev, V.; Chodcik, G. title: Predicting individual risk for COVID19 complications using EMR data date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20121574 sha: doc_id: 325794 cord_uid: lir8ht2i file: cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.json key: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh authors: Kanekar, Amar; Sharma, Manoj title: COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date: 2020-09-12 journal: Healthcare (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030336 sha: doc_id: 325844 cord_uid: w0zqxwdh file: cache/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.json key: cord-325833-gn4ftbzo authors: Lepre, Luca; Costa, Gianluca; Virno, Vincenzo A.; Dalsasso, Giuseppe; Campa, Rossella D.; Clavarino, Federico; Petrucciani, Niccolo title: Acute care surgery and post‐operative COVID‐19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge date: 2020-05-04 journal: ANZ J Surg DOI: 10.1111/ans.15962 sha: doc_id: 325833 cord_uid: gn4ftbzo file: cache/cord-325901-gucnce1f.json key: cord-325901-gucnce1f authors: Juanjuan, Li; 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Stone, Nimalie; Sunshine, Brittany; Swann, Philana; Uddin, Rezwana; Valencia, Diana; Walker, Chastity; Washington, Malaika; Welch, Seh; Williams, Shawna; Woodruff, Rebecca; Woodson, Evonne; Yatabe, Graydon; Yusuf, Hussain title: CDC Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 Emergency Public Health Response — United States, January 21–July 25, 2020 date: 2020-10-02 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6939a3 sha: doc_id: 325896 cord_uid: vbwo2djw file: cache/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.json key: cord-325862-rohhvq4h authors: Zhang, Yong; Yu, Xiangnan; Sun, HongGuang; Tick, Geoffrey R.; Wei, Wei; Jin, Bin title: Applicability of time fractional derivative models for simulating the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109959 sha: doc_id: 325862 cord_uid: rohhvq4h file: cache/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.json key: cord-325788-63jkyx6g authors: Haddad, Chadia; Zakhour, Maha; Bou kheir, Maria; Haddad, Rima; Al Hachach, Myriam; Sacre, Hala; Salameh, Pascale title: Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak date: 2020-09-01 journal: J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00317-0 sha: doc_id: 325788 cord_uid: 63jkyx6g file: cache/cord-325971-volbaipv.json key: cord-325971-volbaipv authors: Neupane, Karun; Ahmed, Zahoor; Pervez, Hira; Ashraf, Rabia; Majeed, Aneela title: Potential Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Pharmacological Development Efforts date: 2020-06-26 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8845 sha: doc_id: 325971 cord_uid: volbaipv file: cache/cord-326010-8f891ocp.json key: cord-326010-8f891ocp authors: Wang, Yibin; Foo, Roger; Thum, Thomas title: Using “old” medications to fight new COVID-19: Re-purposing with a purpose date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Mol Cell Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 326010 cord_uid: 8f891ocp file: cache/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.json key: cord-326029-oya0fc6d authors: Fuentenebro, Pablo title: Will philanthropy save us all? Rethinking urban philanthropy in a time of crisis date: 2020-09-22 journal: Geoforum DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 326029 cord_uid: oya0fc6d file: cache/cord-326051-p9017jx8.json key: cord-326051-p9017jx8 authors: Lopes, Agnaldo José; Mafort, Thiago Thomaz; da Costa, Cláudia Henrique; Rufino, Rogério; de Cássia Firmida, Mônica; Kirk, Kennedy Martins; Cobo, Carolina Gianella; da Costa, Hanna da Silva Bessa; da Cruz, Carlos Miguel Brum Queiroz; Mogami, Roberto title: Comparison Between Lung Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Findings in Patients With COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Ultrasound Med DOI: 10.1002/jum.15521 sha: doc_id: 326051 cord_uid: p9017jx8 file: cache/cord-326089-8234mcdk.json key: cord-326089-8234mcdk authors: Sweid, Ahmad; Jabbour, Pascal; Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula title: Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network date: 2020-06-13 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.053 sha: doc_id: 326089 cord_uid: 8234mcdk file: cache/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.json key: cord-325956-1kxxg0s9 authors: Potluri, Rahul; Lavu, Deepthi title: Making sense of the Global Coronavirus Data: The role of testing rates in understanding the pandemic and our exit strategy date: 2020-04-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054239 sha: doc_id: 325956 cord_uid: 1kxxg0s9 file: cache/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.json key: cord-325948-wszd7pq4 authors: Bhasin, Ajay; Nam, Hannah; Yeh, Chen; Lee, Jungwha; Liebovitz, David; Achenbach, Chad title: Is BMI higher in younger patients with COVID‐19? Association between BMI and COVID‐19 hospitalization by age date: 2020-07-01 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22947 sha: doc_id: 325948 cord_uid: wszd7pq4 file: cache/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.json key: cord-326058-x40l8ljx authors: Thompson, H. A.; Mboup, A.; Cisse, B.; Nayagam, S.; Watson, O. J.; Whittaker, C.; Walker, P. G. T.; Ghani, A. C.; Mboup, S. title: The projected impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal: A modelling study date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20144949 sha: doc_id: 326058 cord_uid: x40l8ljx file: cache/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.json key: cord-325799-v1egyqt4 authors: Sher, Leo title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates date: 2020-06-15 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202 sha: doc_id: 325799 cord_uid: v1egyqt4 file: cache/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.json key: cord-325933-1qvpofvp authors: Samrah, Shaher M; Al-Mistarehi, Abdel-Hameed; Aleshawi, Abdelwahab J; Khasawneh, Aws G; Momany, Suleiman M; Momany, Baker S; Abu Za’nouneh, Faris J; Keelani, Thekra; Alshorman, Abrar; Khassawneh, Basheer Y title: Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan date: 2020-10-06 journal: Psychol Res Behav Manag DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s267459 sha: doc_id: 325933 cord_uid: 1qvpofvp file: cache/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.json key: cord-326023-vwukiwe4 authors: Leung, Char title: Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: a review of clinical data in China date: 2020-04-27 journal: Mech Ageing Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111255 sha: doc_id: 326023 cord_uid: vwukiwe4 file: cache/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.json key: cord-326017-qw4qynqv authors: Laskar, Partha; Yallapu, Murali M.; Chauhan, Subhash C. title: “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies date: 2020-08-06 journal: Diseases DOI: 10.3390/diseases8030030 sha: doc_id: 326017 cord_uid: qw4qynqv file: cache/cord-325726-65xxevp3.json key: cord-325726-65xxevp3 authors: Patel, Piyush; Gohil, Piyush title: Role of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Application COVID-19 Scenario: INDIA Case study date: 2020-11-12 journal: J Manuf Syst DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.11.006 sha: doc_id: 325726 cord_uid: 65xxevp3 file: cache/cord-325988-of3exw6a.json key: cord-325988-of3exw6a authors: Salman, Muhammad; Mustafa, Zia Ul; Asif, Noman; Zaidi, Haider Abbas; Hussain, Khalid; Shehzadi, Naureen; Khan, Tahir Mehmood; Saleem, Zikria title: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations date: 2020-05-09 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00737-7 sha: doc_id: 325988 cord_uid: of3exw6a file: cache/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.json key: cord-326113-r5a7qoks authors: Mellis, Alexandra M.; Potenza, Marc N.; Hulsey, Jessica N. title: COVID-19-related treatment service disruptions among people with single- and polysubstance use concerns date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Subst Abuse Treat DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108180 sha: doc_id: 326113 cord_uid: r5a7qoks file: cache/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.json key: cord-325966-0g7a9s5z authors: Shih, Hsin-I.; Wu, Chi-Jung; Tu, Yi-Fang; Chi, Chia-Yu title: Fighting COVID-19: a quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines date: 2020-05-30 journal: Biomed J DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.021 sha: doc_id: 325966 cord_uid: 0g7a9s5z file: cache/cord-326154-01es0zv4.json key: cord-326154-01es0zv4 authors: Aggarwal, Gaurav; Henry, Brandon Michael; Aggarwal, Saurabh; Bangalore, Sripal title: Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.054 sha: doc_id: 326154 cord_uid: 01es0zv4 file: cache/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.json key: cord-326150-cf4rlqe5 authors: Carrascosa, J M; Morillas, V.; Bielsa, I.; Munera-Campos, M. title: Manifestaciones cutáneas en el contexto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-31 journal: Actas Dermosifiliogr DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 326150 cord_uid: cf4rlqe5 file: cache/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.json key: cord-326081-9gh6tj7g authors: Jaiswal, A. K.; Tiwari, P.; Rathi, V. K.; Qian, J.; Pandey, H. M.; Albuquerque, V. H. C. title: COVIDPEN: A Novel COVID-19 Detection Model using Chest X-Rays and CT Scans date: 2020-07-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20149161 sha: doc_id: 326081 cord_uid: 9gh6tj7g file: cache/cord-325869-3mvjc805.json key: cord-325869-3mvjc805 authors: Silvestris, Nicola; Apolone, Giovanni; Botti, Gerardo; Ciliberto, Gennaro; Costantini, Massimo; De Paoli, Paolo; Franceschi, Silvia; Opocher, Giuseppe; Paradiso, Angelo; Pronzato, Paolo; Sgambato, Alessandro; De Maria, Ruggero title: A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave? date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Exp Clin Cancer Res DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01614-x sha: doc_id: 325869 cord_uid: 3mvjc805 file: cache/cord-326189-41t2sshy.json key: cord-326189-41t2sshy authors: García-Colón, Ismael title: The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers date: 2020-07-29 journal: Dialect Anthropol DOI: 10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6 sha: doc_id: 326189 cord_uid: 41t2sshy file: cache/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.json key: cord-326272-ya3r0h1t authors: Dobesh, Paul P.; Trujillo, Toby C. title: Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2465 sha: doc_id: 326272 cord_uid: ya3r0h1t file: cache/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.json key: cord-326148-9wpxm5of authors: Van Walle, I.; Leitmeyer, K.; Broberg, E. K.; group, The European COVID-19 microbiological laboratories title: Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.16.20195917 sha: doc_id: 326148 cord_uid: 9wpxm5of file: cache/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.json key: cord-325938-hb6fvgem authors: Dobler, Claudia C.; Murad, M. Hassan; Wilson, Michael E. title: Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 325938 cord_uid: hb6fvgem file: cache/cord-326085-2dt758qj.json key: cord-326085-2dt758qj authors: Patanavanich, Roengrudee; Glantz, Stanton A title: Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 journal: Nicotine Tob Res DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 sha: doc_id: 326085 cord_uid: 2dt758qj file: cache/cord-326173-3x435v6q.json key: cord-326173-3x435v6q authors: Beck, Matthew J.; Hensher, David A. title: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions date: 2020-08-18 journal: Transp Policy (Oxf) DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 326173 cord_uid: 3x435v6q file: cache/cord-326355-oyspjx20.json key: cord-326355-oyspjx20 authors: Auðardóttir, Auður Magndís; Rúdólfsdóttir, Annadís G. title: Chaos ruined the children’s sleep, diet and behaviour: Gendered discourses on family life in pandemic times date: 2020-08-17 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12519 sha: doc_id: 326355 cord_uid: oyspjx20 file: cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.json key: cord-326331-g4o3forj authors: Rai, Ansaar T; Leslie-Mazwi, Thabele M; Fargen, Kyle M; Pandey, Aditya S; Dabus, Guilherme; Hassan, Ameer E; Fraser, Justin F; Hirsch, Joshua A; Gupta, Rishi; Hanel, Ricardo; Yoo, Albert J; Bozorgchami, Hormozd; Fiorella, David; Mocco, J; Arthur, Adam S; Zaidat, Osama; Siddiqui, Adnan H title: Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Neurointerv Surg DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016502 sha: doc_id: 326331 cord_uid: g4o3forj file: cache/cord-326169-delehk6x.json key: cord-326169-delehk6x authors: CJ Jorgensen, Sarah; LY Tse, Christopher; Burry, Lisa; Dresser, Linda D title: Baricitinib: A review of pharmacology, safety and emerging clinical experience in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-15 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2438 sha: doc_id: 326169 cord_uid: delehk6x file: cache/cord-326220-uosjmht0.json key: cord-326220-uosjmht0 authors: Gaskell, Jen; Stoker, Gerry; Jennings, Will; Devine, Daniel title: Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices date: 2020-08-11 journal: Polit Q DOI: 10.1111/1467-923x.12894 sha: doc_id: 326220 cord_uid: uosjmht0 file: cache/cord-326210-216atclj.json key: cord-326210-216atclj authors: Sturmberg, Joachim P.; Martin, Carmel M. title: COVID‐19 – how a pandemic reveals that everything is connected to everything else date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Eval Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/jep.13419 sha: doc_id: 326210 cord_uid: 216atclj file: cache/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.json key: cord-326400-yl3pisxt authors: Bansal, Devanshu; Chaturvedi, Samit; Kumar, Anant title: Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 journal: Indian J Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02571-7 sha: doc_id: 326400 cord_uid: yl3pisxt file: cache/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.json key: cord-326393-gxy1w0qk authors: Martino, Marcello Di; Septiem, Javier García; González, Rocío Maqueda; de Nova, Jose Luis Muñoz; de la Hoz Rodríguez, Ángela; Bonito, Alba Correa; Martín-Pérez, Elena title: CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD date: 2020-04-29 journal: Cir Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.04.029 sha: doc_id: 326393 cord_uid: gxy1w0qk file: cache/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.json key: cord-326413-rhvsdpyk authors: Nuzzolese, Emilio; Pandey, Hemlata; Lupariello, Francesco title: Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases date: 2020-05-04 journal: Forensic Science International DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 326413 cord_uid: rhvsdpyk file: cache/cord-326427-06djb0sd.json key: cord-326427-06djb0sd authors: Cao, Dongmei; Chen, Miaomiao; Peng, Min; Yin, Heng; Sun, Guoqiang title: Vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19: report of two cases date: 2020-10-02 journal: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03281-4 sha: doc_id: 326427 cord_uid: 06djb0sd file: cache/cord-326339-46imi33v.json key: cord-326339-46imi33v authors: Tang, A. C. Y.; Kwong, E. W. Y.; Chen, L.; Cheng, W. L. S. title: Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 sha: doc_id: 326339 cord_uid: 46imi33v file: cache/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.json key: cord-326369-ur67a7jv authors: Kokane, P. P.; Maurya, P.; T, M. title: Understanding the Incidence of Covid-19 among the police force in Maharashtra through a mixed approach date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20125104 sha: doc_id: 326369 cord_uid: ur67a7jv file: cache/cord-326354-fhafg41x.json key: cord-326354-fhafg41x authors: Pesavento, Raffaele; Ceccato, Davide; Pasquetto, Giampaolo; Monticelli, Jacopo; Leone, Lucia; Frigo, Annachiara; Gorgi, Davide; Postal, Anna; Marchese, Giuseppe Maria; Cipriani, Alberto; Saller, Alois; Sarais, Cristiano; Criveller, Pietro; Gemelli, Marco; Capone, Federico; Fioretto, Paola; Pagano, Claudio; Rossato, Marco; Avogaro, Angelo; Simioni, Paolo; Prandoni, Paolo; Vettor, Roberto title: The hazard of (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants in non‐critically ill patients with Covid‐19: the Padua province experience date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.15022 sha: doc_id: 326354 cord_uid: fhafg41x file: cache/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.json key: cord-326171-xr2ufvyv authors: Bhoori, Sherrie; Rossi, Roberta Elisa; Citterio, Davide; Mazzaferro, Vincenzo title: COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy date: 2020-04-09 journal: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30116-3 sha: doc_id: 326171 cord_uid: xr2ufvyv file: cache/cord-326185-gjte739i.json key: cord-326185-gjte739i authors: Mukherjee, Pratik; Lim, Tze Chwan; Chawla, Ashish; Chou, Hong; Peh, Wilfred C G title: Adaptability and responsiveness: keys to operational measures in a regional hospital radiology department during the current COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 journal: BJR Open DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200017 sha: doc_id: 326185 cord_uid: gjte739i file: cache/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.json key: cord-326406-n0qi6gs8 authors: Creed, Marina; Ballesteros, Enrique; Jr, L. John Greenfield; Imitola, Jaime title: Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. date: 2020-05-19 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102199 sha: doc_id: 326406 cord_uid: n0qi6gs8 file: cache/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.json key: cord-326421-ng1uhwgs authors: Zalesky, C. Christopher; Dreyfus, Nathan; Davis, Joshua; Kreitzer, Natalie title: Emergency Medicine Physician Work Environments During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 journal: Ann Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 326421 cord_uid: ng1uhwgs file: cache/cord-326509-1cpybatu.json key: cord-326509-1cpybatu authors: Varkey, Rittu S.; Joy, Justin; Sarmah, Gargee; Panda, Prasant K. title: Socioeconomic determinants of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: An empirical analysis date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2532 sha: doc_id: 326509 cord_uid: 1cpybatu file: cache/cord-326348-3zc62lin.json key: cord-326348-3zc62lin authors: Bachtiger, P.; Adamson, A.; Quint, J. K.; Peters, N. S. title: Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients date: 2020-06-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20120337 sha: doc_id: 326348 cord_uid: 3zc62lin file: cache/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.json key: cord-326498-8oa5gkrp authors: Gemmati, Donato; Bramanti, Barbara; Serino, Maria Luisa; Secchiero, Paola; Zauli, Giorgio; Tisato, Veronica title: COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males? date: 2020-05-14 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103474 sha: doc_id: 326498 cord_uid: 8oa5gkrp file: cache/cord-326526-evms6810.json key: cord-326526-evms6810 authors: nan title: Practice Notes from the AAAI date: 2020-06-30 journal: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2198(20)30432-3 sha: doc_id: 326526 cord_uid: evms6810 file: cache/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.json key: cord-326532-2ehuuvnx authors: Götzinger, Florian; Santiago-García, Begoña; Noguera-Julián, Antoni; Lanaspa, Miguel; Lancella, Laura; Calò Carducci, Francesca I; Gabrovska, Natalia; Velizarova, Svetlana; Prunk, Petra; Osterman, Veronika; Krivec, Uros; Lo Vecchio, Andrea; Shingadia, Delane; Soriano-Arandes, Antoni; Melendo, Susana; Lanari, Marcello; Pierantoni, Luca; Wagner, Noémie; L'Huillier, Arnaud G; Heininger, Ulrich; Ritz, Nicole; Bandi, Srini; Krajcar, Nina; Roglić, Srđan; Santos, Mar; Christiaens, Christelle; Creuven, Marine; Buonsenso, Danilo; Welch, Steven B; Bogyi, Matthias; Brinkmann, Folke; Tebruegge, Marc title: COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date: 2020-06-25 journal: Lancet Child Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30177-2 sha: doc_id: 326532 cord_uid: 2ehuuvnx file: cache/cord-326565-s62inw07.json key: cord-326565-s62inw07 authors: Shacham, E.; Scroggins, S.; Ellis, M.; Garza, A. title: Association of County-Wide Mask Ordinances with Reductions in Daily CoVID-19 Incident Case Growth in a Midwestern Region Over 12 Weeks date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221705 sha: doc_id: 326565 cord_uid: s62inw07 file: cache/cord-326321-9n345vyu.json key: cord-326321-9n345vyu authors: Moreno, Cinthia Baldallo; Román, Juan León; Micas, Daniel Seron; Pamplona, Irene Agraz; Solans, Roser; Terrades, Natalia Ramos; Soler, María José title: Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab date: 2020-07-27 journal: Nefrologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 326321 cord_uid: 9n345vyu file: cache/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.json key: cord-326468-xcy7v1tf authors: Mehta, R. M.; Bansal, S.; Bysani, S.; Kalpakam, H. title: A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis date: 2020-11-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226373 sha: doc_id: 326468 cord_uid: xcy7v1tf file: cache/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.json key: cord-326527-j6ihs6jx authors: Walker, Graham; McCabe, Thomas title: Psychological Defence Mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Series date: 2020-11-07 journal: Eur J Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 326527 cord_uid: j6ihs6jx file: cache/cord-326497-458mnekj.json key: cord-326497-458mnekj authors: Schaible, Jan; Meiler, Stefanie; Poschenrieder, Florian; Scharf, Gregor; Zeman, Florian; Rennert, Janine; Pregler, Benedikt; Knobloch, Charlotte; Kleine, Henning; Grote, Sina; Stroszczynski, Christian; Zorger, Niels; Hamer, Okka Wilkea title: Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-08 journal: BJR Open DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20200026 sha: doc_id: 326497 cord_uid: 458mnekj file: cache/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.json key: cord-326568-twv2i3fb authors: Bruminhent, Jackrapong; Ruangsubvilai, Nattanon; Nabhindhakara, Jeff; Ingsathit, Atiporn; Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients under investigation in Thailand date: 2020-09-15 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239250 sha: doc_id: 326568 cord_uid: twv2i3fb file: cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.json key: cord-326584-io2f52kn authors: Killeen, G.; Kiware, S. title: Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date: 2020-04-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066845 sha: doc_id: 326584 cord_uid: io2f52kn file: cache/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.json key: cord-326600-wg1o85zq authors: Westley, Suzanne; Creasy, Henrietta; Shah, Rupali; Shaharan, Shazrinizam; Mistry, Rikki; Awad, Guirgis; Blair, Jame; Cubison, Tania title: Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.029 sha: doc_id: 326600 cord_uid: wg1o85zq file: cache/cord-326506-8jckdecg.json key: cord-326506-8jckdecg authors: Chandratre, Sonal title: Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Med Educ Curric Dev DOI: 10.1177/2382120520935059 sha: doc_id: 326506 cord_uid: 8jckdecg file: cache/cord-326632-botshfa1.json key: cord-326632-botshfa1 authors: Abolfotouh, Mostafa A.; Almutairi, Adel F.; BaniMustafa, Ala’a A.; Hussein, Mohamed A. title: Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors date: 2020-09-29 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05443-3 sha: doc_id: 326632 cord_uid: botshfa1 file: cache/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.json key: cord-326626-ixxk6plf authors: Akhtar, Naveed; Abid, Fatma Ben; Kamran, Saadat; Singh, Rajvir; Imam, Yahia; AlJerdi, Salman; AlMaslamani, Muna; Shuaib, Ashfaq title: Characteristics and Comparison of 32 COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Ischemic Strokes and historical stroke patients. date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105435 sha: doc_id: 326626 cord_uid: ixxk6plf file: cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.json key: cord-326574-ke0iktly authors: Chew, Alton Ming Kai; Ong, Ryan; Lei, Hsien-Hsien; Rajendram, Mallika; K V, Grisan; Verma, Swapna K.; Fung, Daniel Shuen Sheng; Leong, Joseph Jern-yi; Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007 sha: doc_id: 326574 cord_uid: ke0iktly file: cache/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.json key: cord-326618-0ci9irxl authors: Chien, Lung-Chang; Lin, Ro-Ting title: COVID-19 Outbreak, Mitigation, and Governance in High Prevalent Countries date: 2020-09-17 journal: Annals of global health DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3011 sha: doc_id: 326618 cord_uid: 0ci9irxl file: cache/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.json key: cord-326635-sdybzl1w authors: Valika, Taher S.; Billings, Kathleen R. title: Return to Normalcy? Principles on Resuming Surgical Services in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-11 journal: OTO Open DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20936658 sha: doc_id: 326635 cord_uid: sdybzl1w file: cache/cord-326622-r77kqshi.json key: cord-326622-r77kqshi authors: Civil, Ian D; Giannoudis, Peter V title: Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 326622 cord_uid: r77kqshi file: cache/cord-326636-l41qzggh.json key: cord-326636-l41qzggh authors: Fudulu, Daniel P.; Angelini, Gianni D. title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14580 sha: doc_id: 326636 cord_uid: l41qzggh file: cache/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.json key: cord-326643-obfvi3ms authors: Lo Giudice, Roberto title: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice date: 2020-04-28 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093067 sha: doc_id: 326643 cord_uid: obfvi3ms file: cache/cord-326692-kq903zbo.json key: cord-326692-kq903zbo authors: Boehning, Dankmar; Rocchetti, Irene; Maruotti, Antonello; Holling, Heinz title: Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20072629 sha: doc_id: 326692 cord_uid: kq903zbo file: cache/cord-326717-sebzbijm.json key: cord-326717-sebzbijm authors: Quereshy, Humzah A.; Jella, Tarun; Ruthberg, Jeremy S.; Kocharyan, Armine; D'Anza, Brian; Maronian, Nicole; Otteson, Todd D. title: “Hot zones” for otolaryngologists: Assessing the geographic distribution of aerosol-generating procedures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102550 sha: doc_id: 326717 cord_uid: sebzbijm file: cache/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.json key: cord-326709-zr3ju2rz authors: Allali, Gilles; Marti, Christophe; Grosgurin, Olivier; Morélot‐Panzini, Capucine; Similowski, Thomas; Adler, Dan title: Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26172 sha: doc_id: 326709 cord_uid: zr3ju2rz file: cache/cord-326718-jboiufoq.json key: cord-326718-jboiufoq authors: Deming, Meagan E.; Chen, Wilbur H. title: COVID-19 and Lessons to Be Learned from Prior Coronavirus Outbreaks date: 2020-07-17 journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-149ps sha: doc_id: 326718 cord_uid: jboiufoq file: cache/cord-326752-45ckkv01.json key: cord-326752-45ckkv01 authors: Barnett, Brian; Esper, Frank; Foster, Charles B. title: Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-12 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 326752 cord_uid: 45ckkv01 file: cache/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.json key: cord-326843-ehw4x5vv authors: Sellal, François; Tazii, Rim; Ahle, Guido; Hautecloque, Geoffroy title: Manifestations neurologiques dans la pandémie de Covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 journal: Pratique Neurologique - FMC DOI: 10.1016/j.praneu.2020.08.011 sha: doc_id: 326843 cord_uid: ehw4x5vv file: cache/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.json key: cord-326687-9duu5bbz authors: Montastruc, Jean-Louis; Rousseau, Vanessa; Durrieu, Geneviève; Bagheri, Haleh title: Serious adverse drug reactions with hydroxychloroquine: a pharmacovigilance study in Vigibase® date: 2020-06-06 journal: Eur J Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02920-1 sha: doc_id: 326687 cord_uid: 9duu5bbz file: cache/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.json key: cord-326798-5j8otrzs authors: Guisado-Vasco, Pablo; Cano-Megías, Marta; Rodríguez-López, Margarita; de-Luna-Boquera, Iris Mercedes; Carnevali-Ruiz, Daniel title: COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: NF-kB activation. Crossroads date: 2020-08-28 journal: Trends Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 326798 cord_uid: 5j8otrzs file: cache/cord-326821-x6comwwl.json key: cord-326821-x6comwwl authors: Castelli, Roberto; Gidaro, Antonio title: Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Hematol DOI: 10.14740/jh636 sha: doc_id: 326821 cord_uid: x6comwwl file: cache/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.json key: cord-326839-nhzasi5a authors: Ferreli, Fabio; Gaino, Francesca; Russo, Elena; Di Bari, Matteo; Pirola, Francesca; Costantino, Andrea; Malvezzi, Luca; De Virgilio, Armando; Colombo, Giovanni; Paoletti, Giovanni; Morenghi, Emanuela; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Spriano, Giuseppe; Heffler, Enrico; Mercante, Giuseppe title: Clinical presentation at the onset of COVID-19 and Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.009 sha: doc_id: 326839 cord_uid: nhzasi5a file: cache/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.json key: cord-326852-gm98s8a3 authors: Teo, Wan-Yee title: Implications for Border Containment Strategies when COVID-19 Presents Atypically date: 2020-07-24 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.019 sha: doc_id: 326852 cord_uid: gm98s8a3 file: cache/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.json key: cord-326834-eeldyj2u authors: Graziani, Desirée; Soriano, Joan B; Del Rio-Bermudez, Carlos; Morena, Diego; Díaz, Teresa; Castillo, María; Alonso, Miguel; Ancochea, Julio; Lumbreras, Sara; Izquierdo, José Luis title: Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103259 sha: doc_id: 326834 cord_uid: eeldyj2u file: cache/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.json key: cord-326853-miyvn7vd authors: Chien, Lung-Chang; Chen, Lung-Wen title: Meteorological impacts on the incidence of COVID-19 in the U.S. date: 2020-07-04 journal: Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess DOI: 10.1007/s00477-020-01835-8 sha: doc_id: 326853 cord_uid: miyvn7vd file: cache/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.json key: cord-326849-vqpwdlj7 authors: Rao US, Vishal; Thakur, Shalini; Rao, Jyothsna; Arakeri, Gururaj; Brennan, Peter A; Jadhav, Sachin; Suhail Sayeed, Mufti; Rao, Gururaj title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19 date: 2020-05-18 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109845 sha: doc_id: 326849 cord_uid: vqpwdlj7 file: cache/cord-326744-eled2tgo.json key: cord-326744-eled2tgo authors: Millett, Gregorio A.; Honermann, Brian; Jones, Austin; Lankiewicz, Elise; Sherwood, Jennifer; Blumenthal, Susan; Sayas, Asal title: White Counties Stand Apart: The Primacy of Residential Segregation in COVID-19 and HIV Diagnoses date: 2020-10-01 journal: AIDS Patient Care STDS DOI: 10.1089/apc.2020.0155 sha: doc_id: 326744 cord_uid: eled2tgo file: cache/cord-326820-11sl17ap.json key: cord-326820-11sl17ap authors: Bousquet, Jean; Anto, Josep M.; Iaccarino, Guido; Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa; Haahtela, Tari; Anto, Aram; Akdis, Cezmi A.; Blain, Hubert; Canonica, G. Walter; Cardona, Victoria; Cruz, Alvaro A.; Illario, Maddalena; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Jutel, Marek; Klimek, Ludger; Kuna, Piotr; Laune, Daniel; Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée; Mullol, Joaquim; Papadopoulos, Nikos G.; Pfaar, Oliver; Samolinski, Boleslaw; Valiulis, Arunas; Yorgancioglu, Arzu; Zuberbier, Torsten title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date: 2020-05-27 journal: Clin Transl Allergy DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0 sha: doc_id: 326820 cord_uid: 11sl17ap file: cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.json key: cord-326864-i1r3bv4p authors: Hon, Kam Lun; Leung, Karen Ka Yan; Leung, Alexander KC; Qian, Su Yun; Chan, Vivian PY; Ip, Patrick; Wong, Ian CK title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 journal: Drugs Context DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-15 sha: doc_id: 326864 cord_uid: i1r3bv4p file: cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.json key: cord-326708-92lsnv4g authors: Craig, J.; Kalanxhi, E.; Osena, G.; Frost, I. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 sha: doc_id: 326708 cord_uid: 92lsnv4g file: cache/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.json key: cord-326903-t2cx2ju5 authors: Zhou, J.; Sun, Y.; Huang, W.; Ye, K. title: Altered blood cell traits underlie a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20191700 sha: doc_id: 326903 cord_uid: t2cx2ju5 file: cache/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.json key: cord-326874-rdwvsm4s authors: Wu, Chaomin; Hou, Dongni; Du, Chunling; Cai, Yanping; Zheng, Junhua; Xu, Jie; Chen, Xiaoyan; Chen, Cuicui; Hu, Xianglin; Zhang, Yuye; Song, Juan; Wang, Lu; Chao, Yen-cheng; Feng, Yun; Xiong, Weining; Chen, Dechang; Zhong, Ming; Hu, Jie; Jiang, Jinjun; Bai, Chunxue; Zhou, Xin; Xu, Jinfu; Song, Yuanlin; Gong, Fengyun title: Corticosteroid therapy for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort study with propensity score analysis date: 2020-11-10 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03340-4 sha: doc_id: 326874 cord_uid: rdwvsm4s file: cache/cord-327017-b2refzfw.json key: cord-327017-b2refzfw authors: Elbeddini, Ali; Yeats, Aniko title: Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00229-z sha: doc_id: 327017 cord_uid: b2refzfw file: cache/cord-326956-oz047qmf.json key: cord-326956-oz047qmf authors: Lu, Yiping; Li, Xuanxuan; Geng, Daoying; Mei, Nan; Wu, Pu-Yeh; Huang, Chu-Chung; Jia, Tianye; Zhao, Yajing; Wang, Dongdong; Xiao, Anling; Yin, Bo title: Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study date: 2020-08-03 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100484 sha: doc_id: 326956 cord_uid: oz047qmf file: cache/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.json key: cord-326805-c5co9cfq authors: Lin, Shi-hui; Zhao, Yi-si; Zhou, Dai-xing; Zhou, Fa-chun; Xu, Fang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-06-29 journal: Genes Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 326805 cord_uid: c5co9cfq file: cache/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.json key: cord-326945-fvgc33qx authors: Babapoor-Farrokhran, Savalan; Alzubi, Jafar; Khraisha, Ola; Mainigi, Sumeet K. title: Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-11 journal: Trends Cardiovasc Med DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 326945 cord_uid: fvgc33qx file: cache/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.json key: cord-327003-2z0ftel0 authors: Makurumidze, Richard title: Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 327003 cord_uid: 2z0ftel0 file: cache/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.json key: cord-326916-bakwk4tm authors: Fauver, Joseph R.; Petrone, Mary E.; Hodcroft, Emma B.; Shioda, Kayoko; Ehrlich, Hanna Y.; Watts, Alexander G.; Vogels, Chantal B.F.; Brito, Anderson F.; Alpert, Tara; Muyombwe, Anthony; Razeq, Jafar; Downing, Randy; Cheemarla, Nagarjuna R.; Wyllie, Anne L.; Kalinich, Chaney C.; Ott, Isabel M.; Quick, Joshua; Loman, Nicholas J.; Neugebauer, Karla M.; Greninger, Alexander L.; Jerome, Keith R.; Roychoudhury, Pavitra; Xie, Hong; Shrestha, Lasata; Huang, Meei-Li; Pitzer, Virginia E.; Iwasaki, Akiko; Omer, Saad B.; Khan, Kamran; Bogoch, Isaac I.; Martinello, Richard A.; Foxman, Ellen F.; Landry, Marie L.; Neher, Richard A.; Ko, Albert I.; Grubaugh, Nathan D. title: Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States date: 2020-05-07 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.021 sha: doc_id: 326916 cord_uid: bakwk4tm file: cache/cord-327006-m847xdzk.json key: cord-327006-m847xdzk authors: Di Castelnuovo, A.; Costanzo, S.; Cassone, A.; Cauda, R.; de Gaetano, G.; Iacoviello, L. title: Low dose hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 26 studies and 44,521 patients date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.01.20223958 sha: doc_id: 327006 cord_uid: m847xdzk file: cache/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.json key: cord-326866-nbd4arhx authors: Fox, Charles W. title: The representation of women as authors of submissions to ecology journals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-29 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.123455 sha: doc_id: 326866 cord_uid: nbd4arhx file: cache/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.json key: cord-326991-m0lfk0a9 authors: Nuñez, Jorge H.; Porcel, Juan Antonio; Pijoan, Joan; Batalla, Lledó; Teixidor, Jordi; Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto; Minguell, Joan title: Rethinking Trauma Hospital Services in one of Spain's Largest University Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. How can we organize and help? Our experience. date: 2020-09-25 journal: Injury DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.055 sha: doc_id: 326991 cord_uid: m0lfk0a9 file: cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.json key: cord-326851-0jxdnm1l authors: Lee, Sang M.; Lee, DonHee title: Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date: 2020-10-16 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207548 sha: doc_id: 326851 cord_uid: 0jxdnm1l file: cache/cord-326969-4f9djufi.json key: cord-326969-4f9djufi authors: Stein, Richard A.; Ometa, Oana title: When Public Health Crises Collide: Social Disparities and COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-14 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13524 sha: doc_id: 326969 cord_uid: 4f9djufi file: cache/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.json key: cord-327032-4bet4e8l authors: Khan, S. H.; Lindroth, H.; Perkins, A. J.; Jamil, Y.; Wang, S.; Roberts, S.; Farber, M. O.; Rahman, O.; Gao, S.; Marcantonio, E. R.; Boustani, M.; Machado, R.; Khan, B. A. title: Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 sha: doc_id: 327032 cord_uid: 4bet4e8l file: cache/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.json key: cord-326831-dvg0isgt authors: Muhammad, L. J.; Islam, Md. Milon; Usman, Sani Sharif; Ayon, Safial Islam title: Predictive Data Mining Models for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infected Patients’ Recovery date: 2020-06-21 journal: SN COMPUT DOI: 10.1007/s42979-020-00216-w sha: doc_id: 326831 cord_uid: dvg0isgt file: cache/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.json key: cord-327219-gj3otwzj authors: Gale, Robert Peter title: Conquest of COVID‐19. Publish it to Death? date: 2020-06-01 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16905 sha: doc_id: 327219 cord_uid: gj3otwzj file: cache/cord-326996-va073yuz.json key: cord-326996-va073yuz authors: Sang, Ling; Chen, Sibei; Zheng, Xia; Guan, Weijie; Zhang, Zhihui; Liang, Wenhua; Zhong, Ming; Jiang, Li; Pan, Chun; Zhang, Wei; Xia, Jiaan; Chen, Nanshan; Wu, Wenjuan; Wu, Hongkai; Xu, Yonghao; Liu, Xuesong; Liu, Xiaoqing; He, Jianxing; Li, Shiyue; Zhang, Dingyu; Zhong, Nanshan; Li, Yimin title: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-09 journal: BMC Pulm Med DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01305-5 sha: doc_id: 326996 cord_uid: va073yuz file: cache/cord-327058-7cnuem33.json key: cord-327058-7cnuem33 authors: Wong, Anna S. Y.; Kohler, Jillian C. title: Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-25 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00615-x sha: doc_id: 327058 cord_uid: 7cnuem33 file: cache/cord-327084-r12copka.json key: cord-327084-r12copka authors: Zhang, Chenxi; Yang, Lulu; Liu, Shuai; Ma, Simeng; Wang, Ying; Cai, Zhongxiang; Du, Hui; Li, Ruiting; Kang, Lijun; Su, Meilei; Zhang, Jihui; Liu, Zhongchun; Zhang, Bin title: Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-04-14 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 sha: doc_id: 327084 cord_uid: r12copka file: cache/cord-327148-dzozl70h.json key: cord-327148-dzozl70h authors: Tahmassebi, Ramon; Bates, Peter; Trompeter, Alex; Bhattacharya, Rajarshi; El-Daly, Ibraheim; Jeyaseelan, Lucky; Pearse, Michael title: Reflections from London’s Level-1 Major Trauma Centres during the COVID crisis date: 2020-06-26 journal: Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02724-0 sha: doc_id: 327148 cord_uid: dzozl70h file: cache/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.json key: cord-327106-drwvzw5l authors: Eyawo, Oghenowede; Viens, A. M. title: Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10001-2 sha: doc_id: 327106 cord_uid: drwvzw5l file: cache/cord-326971-jekqhslx.json key: cord-326971-jekqhslx authors: Schnepper, Rebekka; Reichenberger, Julia; Blechert, Jens title: Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior date: 2020-10-09 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595806 sha: doc_id: 326971 cord_uid: jekqhslx file: cache/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.json key: cord-326881-3j2e92dj authors: Vassallo, M.; Manni, S.; Pini, P.; Blanchouin, E.; Ticchioni, M.; Seitz-Polski, B.; Puchois, A.; Sindt, A.; Lotte, L.; Fauque, P.; Durant, J. title: Patients with Covid-19 exhibit different immunological profiles according to their clinical presentation date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1438 sha: doc_id: 326881 cord_uid: 3j2e92dj file: cache/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.json key: cord-327169-sz4ildnd authors: Mondoni, Michele; Sferrazza Papa, Giuseppe Francesco; Rinaldo, Rocco; Faverio, Paola; Marruchella, Almerico; D'Arcangelo, Francesca; Pesci, Alberto; Pasini, Simone; Henchi, Sonia; Cipolla, Giuseppe; Tarantini, Francesco; Giuliani, Lisa; Di Marco, Fabiano; Saracino, Laura; Tomaselli, Stefano; Corsico, Angelo; Gasparini, Stefano; Bonifazi, Martina; Zuccatosta, Lina; Saderi, Laura; Pellegrino, Giulia; Davì, Matteo; Carlucci, Paolo; Centanni, Stefano; Sotgiu, Giovanni title: Utility and safety of bronchoscopy during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy: a retrospective, multicenter study date: 2020-08-28 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02767-2020 sha: doc_id: 327169 cord_uid: sz4ildnd file: cache/cord-327257-doygrgrc.json key: cord-327257-doygrgrc authors: Zhu, Jocelyn; Shen, Beiyi; Abbasi, Almas; Hoshmand-Kochi, Mahsa; Li, Haifang; Duong, Tim Q. title: Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-07-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236621 sha: doc_id: 327257 cord_uid: doygrgrc file: cache/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.json key: cord-327151-jn1w8h2p authors: Walker, Kate F; O’Donoghue, Keelin; Grace, Nicky; Dorling, Jon; Comeau, Jeannette L; Li, Wentao; Thornton, Jim G title: Maternal transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis date: 2020-06-12 journal: BJOG DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16362 sha: doc_id: 327151 cord_uid: jn1w8h2p file: cache/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.json key: cord-327086-u3l8nr73 authors: Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck; Klein, Sabra L; Levin, Ellis R title: Estradiol, Progesterone, Immunomodulation, and COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-07-30 journal: Endocrinology DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa127 sha: doc_id: 327086 cord_uid: u3l8nr73 file: cache/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.json key: cord-327214-kcbxyhhh authors: Eketunde, Adenike O; Mellacheruvu, Sai Priyanka; Oreoluwa, Philip title: A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9438 sha: doc_id: 327214 cord_uid: kcbxyhhh file: cache/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.json key: cord-327242-g3pfc94x authors: Nepomnyashchiy, Lyudmila; Dahn, Bernice; Saykpah, Rachel; Raghavan, Mallika title: COVID-19: Africa needs unprecedented attention to strengthen community health systems date: 2020-07-16 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31532-4 sha: doc_id: 327242 cord_uid: g3pfc94x file: cache/cord-327232-oavox35v.json key: cord-327232-oavox35v authors: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio; Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim title: Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-06 journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110062 sha: doc_id: 327232 cord_uid: oavox35v file: cache/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.json key: cord-326961-ti6mrzxf authors: Aly, Mariam Mohsen; Elchaghaby, Marwa Aly title: Impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Egyptian dentists’ fear and dental practice (a cross-sectional survey) date: 2020-10-12 journal: BDJ Open DOI: 10.1038/s41405-020-00047-0 sha: doc_id: 326961 cord_uid: ti6mrzxf file: cache/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.json key: cord-327284-j6cg7nf0 authors: Meireles, André Luís Ferreira; de Meireles, Louisiana Carolina Ferreira title: Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-17 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa152 sha: doc_id: 327284 cord_uid: j6cg7nf0 file: cache/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.json key: cord-327397-8rxjju0t authors: Zhang, H.-Y.; Wang, L.-W.; Chen, Y.-Y.; Shen, X.-K.; Wang, Q.; Yan, Y.-Q.; Yu, Y.; Wu, Q.; Wang, X.; Zhong, Y.-H.; Chua Lee Kiang, M.; Xie, C.-H. title: A Multicentre Study of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outcomes of Cancer Patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037127 sha: doc_id: 327397 cord_uid: 8rxjju0t file: cache/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.json key: cord-327028-dbvucvy3 authors: Zhang, Cantong; Huang, Shaoying; Zheng, Fengping; Dai, Yong title: Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25788 sha: doc_id: 327028 cord_uid: dbvucvy3 file: cache/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.json key: cord-327388-26ot3cuy authors: Lu, Amy; Cannesson, Maxime; Kamdar, Nirav title: The Tipping Point of Medical Technology: Implications for the Postpandemic Era date: 2020-06-16 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005040 sha: doc_id: 327388 cord_uid: 26ot3cuy file: cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.json key: cord-326989-l8nfd03a authors: Cammarota, Gianmaria; Ragazzoni, Luca; Capuzzi, Fabio; Pulvirenti, Simone; De Vita, Nello; Santangelo, Erminio; Verdina, Federico; Grossi, Francesca; Vaschetto, Rosanna; Della Corte, Francesco title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 journal: Prehospital and disaster medicine DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000692 sha: doc_id: 326989 cord_uid: l8nfd03a file: cache/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.json key: cord-327370-zo0n8wf6 authors: Vadukul, Prakash; Sharma, Deepak S; Vincent, Paul title: Massive pulmonary embolism following recovery from COVID-19 infection: inflammation, thrombosis and the role of extended thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-09-13 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238168 sha: doc_id: 327370 cord_uid: zo0n8wf6 file: cache/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.json key: cord-327181-z7uqmxki authors: Nodora, Jesse N; Gupta, Samir; Howard, Nicole; Motadel, Kelly; Propst, Tobe; Rodriguez, Javier; Schultz, James; Velasquez, Sharon; Castañeda, Sheila F; Rabin, Borsika; Martínez, María Elena title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Identifying Adaptive Solutions for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Underserved Communities date: 2020-08-11 journal: J Natl Cancer Inst DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa117 sha: doc_id: 327181 cord_uid: z7uqmxki file: cache/cord-327363-z30zoogs.json key: cord-327363-z30zoogs authors: Neve, D.; Patel, H.; Dhiman, H. S. title: On Modeling of COVID-19 for the Indian Subcontinent using Polynomial and Supervised Learning Regression date: 2020-10-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20212563 sha: doc_id: 327363 cord_uid: z30zoogs file: cache/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.json key: cord-327394-mwbmi88i authors: Edwards, Jodi-Ann; Breitman, Igal; Kovatch, Irina; Dresner, Lisa; Smith, Teresa Y.; Brunicardi, F. Charles; Schwartzman, Alexander title: Lessons Learned at a COVID-19 designated hospital date: 2020-08-04 journal: Am J Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.029 sha: doc_id: 327394 cord_uid: mwbmi88i file: cache/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.json key: cord-327403-adwj2xq7 authors: Speth, Marlene M.; Singer‐Cornelius, Thirza; Oberle, Michael; Gengler, Isabelle; Brockmeier, Steffi J.; Sedaghat, Ahmad R. title: Mood, anxiety and olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19: evidence of central nervous system involvement? date: 2020-07-02 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.28964 sha: doc_id: 327403 cord_uid: adwj2xq7 file: cache/cord-327415-nu1msnui.json key: cord-327415-nu1msnui authors: Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette; Klopfenstein, Timothee; Royer, Pierre-Yves; Toko, Lynda; Gendrin, Vincent; Zayet, Souheil title: COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) date: 2020-10-10 journal: Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 327415 cord_uid: nu1msnui file: cache/cord-327253-gge6wzly.json key: cord-327253-gge6wzly authors: Villa, Simone; Jaramillo, Ernesto; Mangioni, Davide; Bandera, Alessandra; Gori, Andrea; Raviglione, Mario Carlo title: Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 327253 cord_uid: gge6wzly file: cache/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.json key: cord-327349-rxb6zfoc authors: Au, Lewis; Boos, Laura Amanda; Swerdlow, Anthony; Byrne, Fiona; Shepherd, Scott T.C.; Fendler, Annika; Turajlic, Samra title: Cancer, COVID-19, and antiviral immunity: the CAPTURE study date: 2020-09-03 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 327349 cord_uid: rxb6zfoc file: cache/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.json key: cord-327165-vlyfbiem authors: Montorfano, Lisandro; Miret, Rafael; Rahman, Asad Ur; Alonso, Mileydis; Maron, David J.; Roy, Mayank; Ferri, Francisco; Bejarano, Pablo; Wexner, Steven D. title: Colorectal surgery obesity-related morbidity during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 journal: Surg Obes Relat Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 327165 cord_uid: vlyfbiem file: cache/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.json key: cord-327504-4kf9mgy8 authors: Sklar, David P. title: COVID-19: Lessons From the Disaster That Can Improve Health Professions Education date: 2020-06-22 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003547 sha: doc_id: 327504 cord_uid: 4kf9mgy8 file: cache/cord-327432-ogw27tob.json key: cord-327432-ogw27tob authors: Zhang, Feng-jian; Hu, De-ying; Liu, Yi-lan; Li, Hong; Zhu, Xiao-ping; Pan, Shao-shan title: Expert Consensus on Nurses’ Human Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Different Sites date: 2020-08-07 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2222-0 sha: doc_id: 327432 cord_uid: ogw27tob file: cache/cord-327486-hu1clc79.json key: cord-327486-hu1clc79 authors: Cobianchi, Lorenzo; Pugliese, Luigi; Peloso, Andrea; Dal Mas, Francesca; Angelos, Peter title: To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 during the Transition Phase date: 2020-06-02 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004083 sha: doc_id: 327486 cord_uid: hu1clc79 file: cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.json key: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl authors: Dhama, Kuldeep; Patel, Shailesh Kumar; Sharun, Khan; Pathak, Mamta; Tiwari, Ruchi; Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Sah, Ranjit; Rabaan, Ali A.; Panwar, Parmod Kumar; Singh, Karam Pal; Michalak, Izabela; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Martinez-Pulgarin, Dayron F.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830 sha: doc_id: 327063 cord_uid: ea7a1xfl file: cache/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.json key: cord-327578-9r1fxfn4 authors: Bluro, Ignacio Martín; Piñeiro, Daniel José; Estada, José Luis Navarro title: ‘Cardiovascular Pandemic’ in Argentina date: 2020-07-30 journal: Global heart DOI: 10.5334/gh.843 sha: doc_id: 327578 cord_uid: 9r1fxfn4 file: cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.json key: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 authors: M, Montero-Baladía; L, Buzón; I, Astigarraga; P, Delgado; E, Iglesias; F, Callejo; M, López-Veloso; J, Minguito; M, Fernández-Regueras; Ubeira M, Pharmacy; Hermida G, Hematologist title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 327246 cord_uid: idmo5ds7 file: cache/cord-327442-e02y93f6.json key: cord-327442-e02y93f6 authors: Kastritis, Efstathios; Kitas, George D.; Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios; Giannopoulos, Georgios; Dimopoulos, Meletios A.; Sfikakis, Petros P. title: Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes date: 2020-07-11 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04629-x sha: doc_id: 327442 cord_uid: e02y93f6 file: cache/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.json key: cord-327481-m9r0p84v authors: Duployez, Nicolas; Demonchy, Jordane; Berthon, Céline; Goutay, Julien; Caplan, Morgan; Moreau, Anne-Sophie; Bignon, Anne; Marceau-Renaut, Alice; Garrigue, Delphine; Raczkiewicz, Imelda; Geffroy, Sandrine; Bucci, Maxime; Alidjinou, Kazali; Demaret, Julie; Labalette, Myriam; Brousseau, Thierry; Dupont, Annabelle; Rauch, Antoine; Poissy, Julien; Susen, Sophie; Preudhomme, Claude; Quesnel, Bruno title: Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 journal: Cancers (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071992 sha: doc_id: 327481 cord_uid: m9r0p84v file: cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.json key: cord-327301-5eko4htz authors: Li, Yang; Cao, Jianghui; Zhang, Xiaolong; Liu, Guangzhi; Wu, Xiaxia; Wu, Baolin title: Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-18 journal: BMC Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02140-7 sha: doc_id: 327301 cord_uid: 5eko4htz file: cache/cord-327511-e3idvknz.json key: cord-327511-e3idvknz authors: Trifan, G.; Goldenberg, F.D.; Caprio, F.C.; Biller, J.; Schneck, M.; Khaja, A.; Terna, T.; Brorson, J.; Lazaridis, C.; Bulwa, Z.; Alvarado-Dyer, R.; Saleh-Velez, F.G.; Prabhakaran, S.; Liotta, E.M.; Batra, A.; Reish, N.J.; Ruland, S.; Teitcher, M.; Taylor, W.; De la Pena, P.; Conners, J.C.; Grewal, P.K.; Pinna, P.; Dafer, R.M.; Osteraas, N.D.; DaSilva, I.; Hall, J.P.; John, S.; Shafi, N.; Miller, K.; Moustafa, B.; Vargas, A.; Gorelick, P.B.; Testai, F.D. title: Characteristics of a Diverse Cohort of Stroke Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Outcome by Sex date: 2020-09-11 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105314 sha: doc_id: 327511 cord_uid: e3idvknz file: cache/cord-327543-kibjwfad.json key: cord-327543-kibjwfad authors: Ong, S. J.; Renfrew, I.; Gopinathan, A.; Tan, A. P.; Sia, S. Y.; Low, C. K.; Hoon, H. X.; Ang, B.W.L.; Quek, S. T. title: SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure date: 2020-07-01 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 327543 cord_uid: kibjwfad file: cache/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.json key: cord-327360-4qpk99x9 authors: Elsawah, Hozaifa Khalil; Elsokary, Mohamed Ahmed; Elrazzaz, Mahmoud Gamal; ElShafey, Ahmed Hane title: Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐severe COVID‐19 patients; systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26442 sha: doc_id: 327360 cord_uid: 4qpk99x9 file: cache/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.json key: cord-327438-c5gzlfwi authors: Mui, Leonora W.; Lau, Joe F.; Lee, Hwayoung K. title: Thromboembolic complications of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01868-0 sha: doc_id: 327438 cord_uid: c5gzlfwi file: cache/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.json key: cord-327586-06r1ifuy authors: Zhao, Yue; Liu, Xiaolong; Duan, Wenshuai; Liu, Yiyang; Du, Wei; Du, Yunjun; Zhang, Liang; Yang, Bin title: Atypical Computed Tomography Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Radiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 327586 cord_uid: 06r1ifuy file: cache/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.json key: cord-327575-5pcnuqgy authors: Morrisette, Taylor; Lodise, Thomas P.; Scheetz, Marc H.; Goswami, Srijib; Pogue, Jason M.; Rybak, Michael J. title: The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse date: 2020-08-01 journal: Infect Dis Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00325-2 sha: doc_id: 327575 cord_uid: 5pcnuqgy file: cache/cord-327616-uu9uygic.json key: cord-327616-uu9uygic authors: Wazny, Vanessa; Siau, Anthony; Wu, Kan Xing; Cheung, Christine title: Vascular underpinning of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-27 journal: Open Biol DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200208 sha: doc_id: 327616 cord_uid: uu9uygic file: cache/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.json key: cord-327607-g0jtrwot authors: Weinberg, Marc Scott; Patrick, Regan E.; Schwab, Nadine A.; Owoyemi, Praise; May, Rose; McManus, Alison J.; Gerber, Jessica; Harper, David G.; Arnold, Steven E.; Forester, Brent title: Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-05-19 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 327607 cord_uid: g0jtrwot file: cache/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.json key: cord-327628-fl8dyahe authors: Yuan, Qi; Qi, Bing; Hu, Deyun; Wang, Junjiao; Zhang, Jian; Yang, Huanqiang; Zhang, Shanshan; Liu, Lei; Xu, Liang; Li, Weijun title: Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China date: 2020-08-20 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141820 sha: doc_id: 327628 cord_uid: fl8dyahe file: cache/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.json key: cord-327600-xa6uibi8 authors: Roland, Lauren T.; Loftus, Patricia A.; Chang, Jolie L. title: In Reply: Challenges in interpreting the diagnostic performance of symptoms to predict COVID‐19 status: the case of anosmia date: 2020-06-25 journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol DOI: 10.1002/alr.22648 sha: doc_id: 327600 cord_uid: xa6uibi8 file: cache/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.json key: cord-327544-7ws2kleo authors: Hammoumi, Aayah; Qesmi, Redouane title: Impact assessment of containment measure against COVID-19 spread in Morocco date: 2020-08-22 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110231 sha: doc_id: 327544 cord_uid: 7ws2kleo file: cache/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.json key: cord-327631-mqr5fd40 authors: Sullivan, Amy B; Kane, Alexa; Roth, Alicia J; Davis, Bryan E; Drerup, Michelle L; Heinberg, Leslie J title: The COVID-19 Crisis: A Mental Health Perspective and Response Using Telemedicine date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Patient Exp DOI: 10.1177/2374373520922747 sha: doc_id: 327631 cord_uid: mqr5fd40 file: cache/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.json key: cord-327653-2gn9h4i2 authors: Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário; da Silva Torres, Maria Karoliny; Vallinoto, Mariana Cayres; Cayres Vallinoto, Izaura M. V. title: The challenges of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Amazonian communities and the importance of seroepidemiological surveillance studies date: 2020-08-15 journal: Int J Equity Health DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01256-7 sha: doc_id: 327653 cord_uid: 2gn9h4i2 file: cache/cord-327629-ep28ay11.json key: cord-327629-ep28ay11 authors: Herron, J.B.T.; Dennis, J.; Brennan, P.A. title: Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic date: 2020-06-20 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.06.021 sha: doc_id: 327629 cord_uid: ep28ay11 file: cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.json key: cord-327595-00fxzyhq authors: nan title: American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16510 sha: doc_id: 327595 cord_uid: 00fxzyhq file: cache/cord-327622-ezgufe24.json key: cord-327622-ezgufe24 authors: Kaur, Ramandeep; Weiss, Tyler T.; Perez, Andrew; Fink, James B.; Chen, Rongchang; Luo, Fengming; Liang, Zongan; Mirza, Sara; Li, Jie title: Practical strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission to healthcare professionals providing respiratory care to patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03231-8 sha: doc_id: 327622 cord_uid: ezgufe24 file: cache/cord-327697-80msva10.json key: cord-327697-80msva10 authors: Sarı, Cenk; Şimşek, Ersin Çağrı; Özdoğan, Öner title: The outcomes of the postulated interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system on the clinician’s attitudes toward hypertension treatment date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Hum Hypertens DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00436-w sha: doc_id: 327697 cord_uid: 80msva10 file: cache/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.json key: cord-327632-2hz94uuw authors: Lv, Na; Sun, Ming; Polonowita, Ajith; Mei, Li; Guan, Guangzhao title: Management of oral medicine emergencies during COVID-19: A study to develop practice guidelines date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Dent Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.016 sha: doc_id: 327632 cord_uid: 2hz94uuw file: cache/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.json key: cord-327764-4nlg26p5 authors: Sun, Da-wei; Zhang, Dong; Tian, Run-hui; Li, Yang; Wang, Yu-shi; Cao, Jie; Tang, Ying; Zhang, Nan; Zan, Tao; Gao, Lan; Huang, Yan-zhu; Cui, Chang-lei; Wang, Dong-xuan; Zheng, Yang; Lv, Guo-yue title: The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: a sentinel? date: 2020-05-14 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.027 sha: doc_id: 327764 cord_uid: 4nlg26p5 file: cache/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.json key: cord-327650-6afsk8ix authors: Ward, Jeremy K.; Alleaume, Caroline; Peretti-Watel, Patrick title: The French public's attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue date: 2020-10-06 journal: Soc Sci Med DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113414 sha: doc_id: 327650 cord_uid: 6afsk8ix file: cache/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.json key: cord-327652-tn29r8lj authors: Fretheim, Atle; Brurberg, Kjetil G; Forland, Frode title: Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020 date: 2020-05-14 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000687 sha: doc_id: 327652 cord_uid: tn29r8lj file: cache/cord-327770-4u250y8x.json key: cord-327770-4u250y8x authors: Bajwa, Ali title: What the papers say date: 2020-10-26 journal: J Hip Preserv Surg DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnaa036 sha: doc_id: 327770 cord_uid: 4u250y8x file: cache/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.json key: cord-327720-m6cofbj6 authors: Chakrabarti, Amitabha; Bandyopadhyay, Manujesh title: Understanding the practice of thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 journal: Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-01025-9 sha: doc_id: 327720 cord_uid: m6cofbj6 file: cache/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.json key: cord-327779-lt3t4shi authors: Gilad, Vered; Masoero, Giovanni title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Italy: A Physician’s Experience and Insights date: 2020-07-31 journal: Rambam Maimonides Med J DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10419 sha: doc_id: 327779 cord_uid: lt3t4shi file: cache/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.json key: cord-327906-m00ua3x1 authors: Pantanetti, Paola; Cangelosi, Giovanni; Ambrosio, Giuseppe title: Potential role of incretins in diabetes and COVID-19 infection: a hypothesis worth exploring date: 2020-06-26 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02389-x sha: doc_id: 327906 cord_uid: m00ua3x1 file: cache/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.json key: cord-327787-vlbpijqg authors: Casalino, Giuseppe; Monaco, Gaspare; Di Sarro, Paolo Plinio; David, Alessandro; Scialdone, Antonio title: Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom date: 2020-04-28 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0909-x sha: doc_id: 327787 cord_uid: vlbpijqg file: cache/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.json key: cord-327963-dqsg84e5 authors: Tang, Suqin; Xiang, Mi; Cheung, Teris; Xiang, Yu-Tao title: Mental Health and Its Correlates among Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 School Closure: The Importance of Parent-Child Discussion date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.016 sha: doc_id: 327963 cord_uid: dqsg84e5 file: cache/cord-327842-5h54azyy.json key: cord-327842-5h54azyy authors: Ertan, Deniz; El-Hage, Wissam; Thierrée, Sarah; Javelot, Hervé; Hingray, Coraline title: COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence date: 2020-09-04 journal: European journal of psychotraumatology DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1800245 sha: doc_id: 327842 cord_uid: 5h54azyy file: cache/cord-327894-b0bsseui.json key: cord-327894-b0bsseui authors: Pecellín, Lidia Gestoso; Flores, Yuneysa García; Quintana, Pino González; Luis Marrero Arencibia, José title: Recomendaciones y uso de los diferentes tipos de test para detección de infección por SARS-COV-2 date: 2020-10-14 journal: Enferm Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 327894 cord_uid: b0bsseui file: cache/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.json key: cord-327413-zdbnoy1q authors: Bendjelid, Karim; Muller, Laurent title: Hemodynamic monitoring of Covid-19 patients. Classical methods and new paradigms date: 2020-09-04 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 327413 cord_uid: zdbnoy1q file: cache/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.json key: cord-327776-bxpay7ic authors: Sayari, Arash J.; Harada, Garrett K.; Louie, Philip K.; McCarthy, Michael H.; Nolte, Michael T.; Mallow, Gary M.; Siyaji, Zakariah; Germscheid, Niccole; Cheung, Jason P.Y.; Neva, Marko H.; El-Sharkawi, Mohammad; Valacco, Marcelo; Sciubba, Daniel M.; Chutkan, Norman B.; An, Howard S.; Samartzis, Dino title: Personal Health of Spine Surgeons Can Impact Perceptions, Decision-Making and Healthcare Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Worldwide Study date: 2020-06-30 journal: Neurospine DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040336.168 sha: doc_id: 327776 cord_uid: bxpay7ic file: cache/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.json key: cord-327827-oliw4ee5 authors: Sweid, Ahmad; Hammoud, Batoul; Weinberg, Joshua H; Oneissi, Mazen; Raz, Eytan; Shapiro, Maksim; DePrince, Maureen; Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula; Gooch, Michael R; Herial, Nabeel A; Zarzour, Hekmat; Romo, Victor; Rosenwasser, Robert H; Jabbour, Pascal title: Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa254 sha: doc_id: 327827 cord_uid: oliw4ee5 file: cache/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.json key: cord-327886-vvm1gfku authors: Burstyn, Igor; Goldstein, Neal D.; Gustafson, Paul title: Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA date: 2020-06-06 journal: BMC Med Res Methodol DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01037-4 sha: doc_id: 327886 cord_uid: vvm1gfku file: cache/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.json key: cord-328039-xt17gvcp authors: Olson, Michael C.; Lubner, Meghan G.; Menias, Christine O.; Mellnick, Vincent M.; Gettle, Lori Mankowski; Kim, David H.; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Pickhardt, Perry J. title: RadioGraphics Update: Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability in the Abdomen and Pelvis—Findings in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Radiographics DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200119 sha: doc_id: 328039 cord_uid: xt17gvcp file: cache/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.json key: cord-327821-c6ncyge7 authors: Rosemary HM Lim, Dr; Shalhoub, Reem; Sridharan, Barati Keshine title: The experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers with medication management during the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-10-17 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 327821 cord_uid: c6ncyge7 file: cache/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.json key: cord-328053-urw0ry2n authors: Mira, Estefanía; Yarce, Oscar A.; Ortega, Consuelo; Fernández, Silvia; Pascual, Natalia M.; Gómez, Cristina; Alvarez, Miguel A.; Molina, Ignacio J.; Lama, Rafael; Santamaria, Manuel title: Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.046 sha: doc_id: 328053 cord_uid: urw0ry2n file: cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.json key: cord-327976-pwe95zoi authors: Singh, Dr Shweta; Roy, Assistant Professor.Miss Deblina; Sinha, Clinical Psychology Trainee Miss Krittika; Parveen, Clinical Psychology Trainee Miss Sheeba; Sharma, Clinical Psychology Trainee. Ginni; Joshi, Clinical Psychology Trainee. Gunjan title: Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date: 2020-08-24 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429 sha: doc_id: 327976 cord_uid: pwe95zoi file: cache/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.json key: cord-327989-6p39cx2e authors: Everaert, Bert; Muylle, Jan; Twicker, Theodorus Bartholomeus title: Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 journal: Eur J Clin Invest DOI: 10.1111/eci.13270 sha: doc_id: 327989 cord_uid: 6p39cx2e file: cache/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.json key: cord-327836-6o66a4i5 authors: Zuily, S; Dufrost, V; Wahl, D title: Thrombose artérielle et veineuse au cours du COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss Pratique DOI: 10.1016/j.amcp.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 327836 cord_uid: 6o66a4i5 file: cache/cord-327924-q29lgopf.json key: cord-327924-q29lgopf authors: Johnson, Jared; Chung, Michael T.; Stathakios, James; Gonik, Nathan; Siegel, Bianca title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fellowship Training: A National Survey of Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110217 sha: doc_id: 327924 cord_uid: q29lgopf file: cache/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.json key: cord-328113-eczjjc2v authors: D’Alessandro, Angelo; Thomas, Tiffany; Dzieciatkowska, Monika; Hill, Ryan C.; Francis, Richard O.; Hudson, Krystalyn E.; Zimring, James C.; Hod, Eldad A.; Spitalnik, Steven L.; Hansen, Kirk C. title: Serum Proteomics in COVID-19 Patients: Altered Coagulation and Complement Status as a Function of IL-6 Level date: 2020-07-30 journal: J Proteome Res DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00365 sha: doc_id: 328113 cord_uid: eczjjc2v file: cache/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.json key: cord-328062-84pdw6p3 authors: Hendl, Tereza; Chung, Ryoa; Wild, Verina title: Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10034-7 sha: doc_id: 328062 cord_uid: 84pdw6p3 file: cache/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.json key: cord-328071-ulj2gtn3 authors: Sattari, Mahtab; Bashirian, Saeed; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Shayan, Arezoo; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Ghelichkhani, Samereh; Shirzadeh, Azam Ali; Jalili, Ebrahim; Alimohammadi, Shohreh title: Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Res Health Sci DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.22 sha: doc_id: 328071 cord_uid: ulj2gtn3 file: cache/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.json key: cord-328163-kytnsrkq authors: Zhang, Jin-nong; Wang, Wen-jing; Peng, Bo; Peng, Wei; Zhang, Yi-sheng; Wang, Ya-ling; Wan, Yan; Chang, Jiang; Mao, Ling; Miao, Xiao-ping; Li, Ya-nan; Zhou, Yi-fan; Hu, Bo title: Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission—A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-30 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2203-3 sha: doc_id: 328163 cord_uid: kytnsrkq file: cache/cord-328214-2azb8789.json key: cord-328214-2azb8789 authors: Piper-Vallillo, Andrew J.; Mooradian, Meghan J.; Meador, Catherine B.; Yeap, Beow Y.; Peterson, Jennifer; Sakhi, Mustafa; Do, Andrew; Zubiri, Leyre; Stevens, Sara; Vaughn, Jeanne; Goodwin, Kelly; Gavralidis, Alexander; Willers, Henning; Miller, Adam; Farago, Anna; Piotrowska, Zofia; Lin, Jessica J.; Dagogo-Jack, Ibiayi; Lennes, Inga T.; Sequist, Lecia V.; Temel, Jennifer S.; Heist, Rebecca S.; Digumarthy, Subba; Reynolds, Kerry L.; Gainor, Justin F. title: COVID-19 Infection in a Lung Cancer Patient Population: Incidence, Presentation and Alternative Diagnostic Considerations date: 2020-11-12 journal: JTO Clin Res Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100124 sha: doc_id: 328214 cord_uid: 2azb8789 file: cache/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.json key: cord-327933-u0fcs3yg authors: Doná, Daniele; Torres Canizales, Juan; Benetti, Elisa; Cananzi, Mara; De Corti, Federica; Calore, Elisabetta; Hierro, Loreto; Ramos Boluda, Esther; Melgosa Hijosa, Marta; Garcia Guereta, Luis; Pérez‐Martínez, Antonio; Barrios, Maribel; Costa Reis, Patricia; Teixeira, Ana; Lopes, Maria Francelina; Kaliciński, Piotr; Branchereau, Sophie; Boyer, Olivia; Debray, Dominque; Sciveres, Marco; Wennberg, Lars; Fischler, Björn; Barany, Peter; Baker, Alastair; Baumann, Ulrich; Schwerk, Nicolaus; Nicastro, Emanuele; Candusso, Manila; Toporski, Jacek; Sokal, Etienne; Stephenne, Xavier; Lindemans, Caroline; Miglinas, Marius; Rascon, Jelena; Jara, Paloma title: Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID‐19 pandemic: early impact on activity and healthcare date: 2020-08-12 journal: Clin Transplant DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14063 sha: doc_id: 327933 cord_uid: u0fcs3yg file: cache/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.json key: cord-328011-6lf3no6u authors: Zayed, Hatem title: Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics date: 2020-08-14 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02051 sha: doc_id: 328011 cord_uid: 6lf3no6u file: cache/cord-328169-ntg7b621.json key: cord-328169-ntg7b621 authors: Sun, Haiying; Ning, Ruoqi; Tao, Yu; Yu, Chong; Deng, Xiaoyan; Zhao, Caili; Meng, Silu; Xu, Dong; Tang, Fangxu title: Comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnoses for older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan: a retrospective study date: 2020-07-08 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01647-4 sha: doc_id: 328169 cord_uid: ntg7b621 file: cache/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.json key: cord-328040-5qd05e4r authors: Zhao, Xin-Ying; Xu, Xuan-Xuan; Yin, Hai-Sen; Hu, Qin-Ming; Xiong, Tao; Tang, Yuan-Yan; Yang, Ai-Ying; Yu, Bao-Ping; Huang, Zhi-Ping title: Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-04-29 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05010-w sha: doc_id: 328040 cord_uid: 5qd05e4r file: cache/cord-328200-96tirrck.json key: cord-328200-96tirrck authors: Llorente-Parrado, C.; Mejon-Berges, R.; Cossio-Gil, Y.; Romea-Lecumberri, MS; Roman-Broto, A.; Barba-Flores, MA; Salazar-Soler, A. title: Modelo de evaluación del plan de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel date: 2020-10-10 journal: J Healthc Qual Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 328200 cord_uid: 96tirrck file: cache/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.json key: cord-328036-tjm6sm6a authors: Pai, Esha; Chopra, Saumya; Mandloi, Deepak; Upadhyay, Arvind K.; Prem, Amar; Pandey, Durgatosh title: Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1002/jso.26134 sha: doc_id: 328036 cord_uid: tjm6sm6a file: cache/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.json key: cord-328147-61gtx2h2 authors: Lopez-Mendez, Ivan; Aquino-Matus, Jorge; Gall, Sofia Murua-Beltrán; Prieto-Nava, Jose D.; Juarez-Hernandez, Eva; Uribe, Misael; Castro-Narro, Graciela title: Association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 journal: Ann Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.09.015 sha: doc_id: 328147 cord_uid: 61gtx2h2 file: cache/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.json key: cord-328220-toeq4xq0 authors: Smith, Kelly; Krajewski, Kristin C; Krajewski, Michael P title: Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa245 sha: doc_id: 328220 cord_uid: toeq4xq0 file: cache/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.json key: cord-328319-vsyu5y45 authors: Maracaja, Luiz; Blitz, Daina; Maracaja, Danielle L.V.; Walker, Caroline A. title: How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.004 sha: doc_id: 328319 cord_uid: vsyu5y45 file: cache/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.json key: cord-328455-kg2pg8y2 authors: Wong, S.-C.; AuYeung, C.H.-Y.; Lam, G.K.-M.; Leung, E.Y.-L.; Chan, V.W.-M.; Yuen, K.-Y.; Cheng, V.C.-C. title: Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 328455 cord_uid: kg2pg8y2 file: cache/cord-328104-triub2h6.json key: cord-328104-triub2h6 authors: Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title: Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date: 2020-09-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.09.027 sha: doc_id: 328104 cord_uid: triub2h6 file: cache/cord-328321-7e37hhia.json key: cord-328321-7e37hhia authors: Olapoju, Olabisi Michael title: Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics date: 2020-07-28 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020501 sha: doc_id: 328321 cord_uid: 7e37hhia file: cache/cord-328409-px92ff89.json key: cord-328409-px92ff89 authors: Hornuss, Daniel; Laubner, Katharina; Monasterio, Carmen; Thimme, Robert; Wagner, Dirk title: COVID-19-assoziierte Pneumonie trotz persistierend negativen PCR-Tests aus oropharyngealen Abstrichen date: 2020-05-13 journal: Dtsch Med Wochenschr DOI: 10.1055/a-1170-6061 sha: doc_id: 328409 cord_uid: px92ff89 file: cache/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.json key: cord-328289-3h3kmjlz authors: Iadecola, Costantino; Anrather, Josef; Kamel, Hooman title: Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system date: 2020-08-19 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.028 sha: doc_id: 328289 cord_uid: 3h3kmjlz file: cache/cord-328307-378cfb23.json key: cord-328307-378cfb23 authors: Shirazi, Samira; Mami, Sanaz; Mohtadi, Negar; Ghaysouri, Abas; Tavan, Hamed; Nazari, Ali; Kokhazadeh, Taleb; Mollazadeh, Reza title: Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases date: 2020-07-03 journal: Future cardiology DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0082 sha: doc_id: 328307 cord_uid: 378cfb23 file: cache/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.json key: cord-328181-b2o05j3j authors: Nunez-Corrales, S.; Jakobsson, E. title: The Epidemiology Workbench: a Tool for Communities to Strategize in Response to COVID-19 and other Infectious Diseases date: 2020-07-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159798 sha: doc_id: 328181 cord_uid: b2o05j3j file: cache/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.json key: cord-328376-hxl3xfyl authors: Giordano, Arturo; Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe; Frati, Giacomo; Bartorelli, Antonio L. title: Management of Structural Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Curr Atheroscler Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00849-5 sha: doc_id: 328376 cord_uid: hxl3xfyl file: cache/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.json key: cord-328484-4iptwc3n authors: Li, Tao; Lu, Lei; Zhang, Weishuo; Tao, Yu; Wang, Liuming; Bao, Jing; Liu, Bao; Duan, Jun title: Clinical Characteristics of 312 Hospitalized Older Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-15 journal: Arch Gerontol Geriatr DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104185 sha: doc_id: 328484 cord_uid: 4iptwc3n file: cache/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.json key: cord-328352-l1q4uvxl authors: Borlongan, Mia C.; Borlongan, Maximillian C.; Sanberg, Paul R. title: The Disillusioned Comfort with COVID-19 and the Potential of Convalescent Plasma and Cell Therapy date: 2020-08-25 journal: Cell Transplant DOI: 10.1177/0963689720940719 sha: doc_id: 328352 cord_uid: l1q4uvxl file: cache/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.json key: cord-328384-jzfr2t3p authors: Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Fajar, Jonny Karunia; Wulandari, Laksmi; Soegiarto, Gatot; Ilmawan, Muhammad; Purnamasari, Yeni; Mahdi, Bagus Aulia; Jayanto, Galih Dwi; Suhendra, Suhendra; Setianingsih, Yennie Ayu; Hamdani, Romi; Suseno, Daniel Alexander; Agustina, Kartika; Naim, Hamdan Yuwafi; Muchlas, Muchamad; Alluza, Hamid Hunaif Dhofi; Rosida, Nikma Alfi; Mayasari, Mayasari; Mustofa, Mustofa; Hartono, Adam; Aditya, Richi; Prastiwi, Firman; Meku, Fransiskus Xaverius; Sitio, Monika; Azmy, Abdullah; Santoso, Anita Surya; Nugroho, Radhitio Adi; Gersom, Camoya; Rabaan, Ali A.; Masyeni, Sri; Nainu, Firzan; Wagner, Abram L.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Harapan, Harapan title: Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-09 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26186.1 sha: doc_id: 328384 cord_uid: jzfr2t3p file: cache/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.json key: cord-328267-tk0zc8il authors: Liu, Qiao; Lu, Peng; Shen, Ye; Li, Changwei; Wang, Jianming; Zhu, Limei; Lu, Wei; Martinez, Leonardo title: Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China date: 2020-08-28 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1289 sha: doc_id: 328267 cord_uid: tk0zc8il file: cache/cord-328562-g5i838b3.json key: cord-328562-g5i838b3 authors: Niles, Meredith T.; Bertmann, Farryl; Belarmino, Emily H.; Wentworth, Thomas; Biehl, Erin; Neff, Roni title: The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12072096 sha: doc_id: 328562 cord_uid: g5i838b3 file: cache/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.json key: cord-328601-gi6rr2np authors: Degiorgio, Sophie; Grech, Neil; Dimech, Yana Marie; Xuereb, John; Grech, Victor title: COVID-19 related acute decline in paediatric admissions in Malta, a population-based study date: 2020-11-12 journal: Early Hum Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105251 sha: doc_id: 328601 cord_uid: gi6rr2np file: cache/cord-328607-lzai90zq.json key: cord-328607-lzai90zq authors: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection – Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis date: 2020-04-09 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 328607 cord_uid: lzai90zq file: cache/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.json key: cord-328718-j9p7ahl8 authors: Goldust, Mohamad; Agarwal, Komal; Podder, Indrashis; Navarini, Alexander A. title: Skin cancer and COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14050 sha: doc_id: 328718 cord_uid: j9p7ahl8 file: cache/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.json key: cord-328395-2cakgmsj authors: Oxford, Alexandra E.; Halla, Fabio; Robertson, Evan B.; Morrison, Brad E. title: Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100785 sha: doc_id: 328395 cord_uid: 2cakgmsj file: cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.json key: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 authors: Zhou, Fuling; Li, Jingfeng; Lu, Mengxin; Ma, Linlu; Pan, Yunbao; Liu, Xiaoyan; Zhu, Xiaobin; Hu, Chao; Wu, Sanyun; Chen, Liangjun; Wang, Yi; Wei, Yongchang; Li, Yirong; Xu, Haibo; Wang, Xinghuan; Cai, Lin title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100510 sha: doc_id: 328687 cord_uid: clr1e9p6 file: cache/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.json key: cord-328548-5kjq9xqs authors: Oliveira J. e Silva, Lucas; Vidor, Marcos V.; Zarpellon de Araújo, Vicenzo; Bellolio, Fernanda title: Flexibilization of Science, Cognitive Biases, and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.037 sha: doc_id: 328548 cord_uid: 5kjq9xqs file: cache/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.json key: cord-328396-p2gvpe8i authors: Kaur, Savneet; Tripathi, Dinesh M.; Yadav, Angeera title: The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: Front Physiol DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00989 sha: doc_id: 328396 cord_uid: p2gvpe8i file: cache/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.json key: cord-328657-rlrs7spv authors: Park, Jay J H; Decloedt, Eric H; Rayner, Craig R; Cotton, Mark; Mills, Edward J title: Clinical trials of disease stages in COVID 19: complicated and often misinterpreted date: 2020-08-20 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30365-x sha: doc_id: 328657 cord_uid: rlrs7spv file: cache/cord-328487-glwslgjy.json key: cord-328487-glwslgjy authors: Iannaccone, Sandro; Castellazzi, Paola; Tettamanti, Andrea; Houdayer, Elise; Brugliera, Luigia; de Blasio, Francesco; Cimino, Paolo; Ripa, Marco; Meloni, Carlo; Alemanno, Federica; Scarpellini, Paolo title: ROLE OF REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT FOR ADULT COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL OF MILAN date: 2020-06-04 journal: Arch Phys Med Rehabil DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.015 sha: doc_id: 328487 cord_uid: glwslgjy file: cache/cord-328810-ifovibzi.json key: cord-328810-ifovibzi authors: Drefahl, Sven; Wallace, Matthew; Mussino, Eleonora; Aradhya, Siddartha; Kolk, Martin; Brandén, Maria; Malmberg, Bo; Andersson, Gunnar title: A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden date: 2020-10-09 journal: Nat Commun DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18926-3 sha: doc_id: 328810 cord_uid: ifovibzi file: cache/cord-328747-bf687r6j.json key: cord-328747-bf687r6j authors: St‐Denis, Xavier title: Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada date: 2020-07-13 journal: Can Rev Sociol DOI: 10.1111/cars.12288 sha: doc_id: 328747 cord_uid: bf687r6j file: cache/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.json key: cord-328556-sop1yjv7 authors: Carrion, D M; Mantica, G; Juanilla M, M Antón; Pang, K H; Tappero, S; Rodriguez-Serrano, A; Parodi, S; Crespo-Atín, V; Cansino, R; Terrone, C; Nikles, S; Gomez Rivas, J; Esperto, F title: Evaluación de las Tendencias y Presentación Clínica de Pacientes con Cólico Nefrítico que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias Durante la Era Pandémica del COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 journal: Actas Urol Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 328556 cord_uid: sop1yjv7 file: cache/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.json key: cord-328569-1lx3fkv3 authors: Bagate, François; Tuffet, Samuel; Masi, Paul; Perier, François; Razazi, Keyvan; de Prost, Nicolas; Carteaux, Guillaume; Payen, Didier; Mekontso Dessap, Armand title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-11-04 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00769-2 sha: doc_id: 328569 cord_uid: 1lx3fkv3 file: cache/cord-328645-twl80ql1.json key: cord-328645-twl80ql1 authors: Stickley, Andrew; Matsubayashi, Tetsuya; Ueda, Michiko title: Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults date: 2020-09-03 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa151 sha: doc_id: 328645 cord_uid: twl80ql1 file: cache/cord-328693-xf2w570s.json key: cord-328693-xf2w570s authors: Lee, Delice Weishan; Ma, Martin; Parotto, Matteo; Wąsowicz, Marcin title: Intubation outside of the operating room: new challenges and opportunities in COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-29 journal: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000892 sha: doc_id: 328693 cord_uid: xf2w570s file: cache/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.json key: cord-328786-gkd9xcxa authors: Mohammad, Laila Malani; Botros, James A.; Chohan, Muhammad Omar title: Necessity of brain imaging in COVID-19 infected patients presenting with acute neurological deficits date: 2020-08-13 journal: Interdiscip Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100883 sha: doc_id: 328786 cord_uid: gkd9xcxa file: cache/cord-328826-guqc5866.json key: cord-328826-guqc5866 authors: Wissel, Benjamin D; Van Camp, P J; Kouril, Michal; Weis, Chad; Glauser, Tracy A; White, Peter S; Kohane, Isaac S; Dexheimer, Judith W title: An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa071 sha: doc_id: 328826 cord_uid: guqc5866 file: cache/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.json key: cord-328698-eeg1k5a6 authors: Detoc, Maëlle; Bruel, Sébastien; Frappe, Paul; Tardy, Bernard; Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth; Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine title: Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic date: 2020-09-17 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041 sha: doc_id: 328698 cord_uid: eeg1k5a6 file: cache/cord-328646-msut5gyc.json key: cord-328646-msut5gyc authors: Brown, Amy; Shenker, Natalie title: Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support date: 2020-09-23 journal: Matern Child Nutr DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13088 sha: doc_id: 328646 cord_uid: msut5gyc file: cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.json key: cord-328814-s3963anw authors: XU, Jing; PAN, Li-jia; JIA, Chun-sheng title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 journal: World J Acupunct Moxibustion DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 328814 cord_uid: s3963anw file: cache/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.json key: cord-328667-r5w09lb6 authors: Schwartz, David A title: The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes date: 2020-05-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa559 sha: doc_id: 328667 cord_uid: r5w09lb6 file: cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.json key: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u authors: Zhu, Hongjun; Li, Yan; Jin, Xuelian; Huang, Jiangping; Liu, Xin; Qian, Ying; Tan, Jindong title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 journal: Appl Math Model DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2020.08.056 sha: doc_id: 328859 cord_uid: qx7kvn0u file: cache/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.json key: cord-328916-j2ztk2hk authors: Queiroz, Maciel M.; Ivanov, Dmitry; Dolgui, Alexandre; Fosso Wamba, Samuel title: Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review date: 2020-06-16 journal: Ann Oper Res DOI: 10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7 sha: doc_id: 328916 cord_uid: j2ztk2hk file: cache/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.json key: cord-328696-ydhgzkzv authors: Caro-Dominguez, Pablo; Shelmerdine, Susan Cheng; Toso, Seema; Secinaro, Aurelio; Toma, Paolo; Damasio, Maria Beatrice; Navallas, María; Riaza-Martin, Lucia; Gomez-Pastrana, David; Ghadimi Mahani, Maryam; Desoky, Sarah M.; Ugas Charcape, Carlos F.; Almanza-Aranda, Judith; Ucar, Maria Elena; Lovrenski, Jovan; Gorkem, Sureyya Burcu; Alexopoulou, Efthymia; Ciet, Pierluigi; van Schuppen, Joost; Ducou le Pointe, Hubert; Goo, Hyun Woo; Kellenberger, Christian J.; Raissaki, Maria; Owens, Catherine M.; Hirsch, Franz Wolfgang; van Rijn, Rick R. title: Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases date: 2020-08-04 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04747-5 sha: doc_id: 328696 cord_uid: ydhgzkzv file: cache/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.json key: cord-329088-tcqp8qd2 authors: Leng, C; Challoner, T; Hausien, O; Filobbos, G; Baden, J title: From chaos to a new norm: The Birmingham experience of restructuring the largest plastics department in the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-09-20 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.127 sha: doc_id: 329088 cord_uid: tcqp8qd2 file: cache/cord-328640-4g7revha.json key: cord-328640-4g7revha authors: Douedi, Steven; Miskoff, Jeffrey title: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments date: 2020-05-08 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020207 sha: doc_id: 328640 cord_uid: 4g7revha file: cache/cord-329010-n0mz098o.json key: cord-329010-n0mz098o authors: McKee, Dwight L.; Sternberg, Ariane; Stange, Ulrike; Laufer, Stefan; Naujokat, Cord title: Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104859 sha: doc_id: 329010 cord_uid: n0mz098o file: cache/cord-328908-2004vp48.json key: cord-328908-2004vp48 authors: Thombs, Brett D.; Kwakkenbos, Linda; Henry, Richard S.; Carrier, Marie-Eve; Patten, Scott; Harb, Sami; Bourgeault, Angelica; Tao, Lydia; Bartlett, Susan J.; Mouthon, Luc; Varga, John; Benedetti, Andrea title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study date: 2020-10-03 journal: J Psychosom Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110262 sha: doc_id: 328908 cord_uid: 2004vp48 file: cache/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.json key: cord-328988-q6j2njm8 authors: Tocto-Erazo, M.; Espindola-Zepeda, J. A.; Montoya-Laos, J. A.; Acuna-Zegarra, M. A.; Olmos-Liceaga, D.; Reyes-Castro, P. A.; Figueroa-Preciado, G. title: Lockdown, relaxation, and ACME period in COVID-19: A study of disease dynamics on Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico date: 2020-08-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178509 sha: doc_id: 328988 cord_uid: q6j2njm8 file: cache/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.json key: cord-329051-gmwgb32g authors: Kuo, C.-L.; Pilling, L. C.; Atkins, J. L.; Masoli, J.; Delgado, J.; Kuchel, G.; Melzer, D. title: ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20134908 sha: doc_id: 329051 cord_uid: gmwgb32g file: cache/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.json key: cord-329096-oitxf0fp authors: Poorolajal, Jalal title: Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Worldwide date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Res Health Sci DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.24 sha: doc_id: 329096 cord_uid: oitxf0fp file: cache/cord-328957-mzi8504f.json key: cord-328957-mzi8504f authors: Lazebnik, T.; Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky, S. title: The signature features of COVID-19 pandemic in a hybrid mathematical model - implications for optimal work-school lockdown policy date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224584 sha: doc_id: 328957 cord_uid: mzi8504f file: cache/cord-329123-ytezkugu.json key: cord-329123-ytezkugu authors: Santi, Aura Daniella; Aquino, Paolo; Dorfman, Molly title: Atrial fibrillation in a child with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-19 journal: Cardiology in the young DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120003893 sha: doc_id: 329123 cord_uid: ytezkugu file: cache/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.json key: cord-329193-xuxbqbsf authors: Park, Soo-kyung; Lee, Chil-Woo; Park, Dong-Il; Woo, Hee-Yeon; Cheong, Hae Suk; Shin, Ho Cheol; Ahn, Kwangsung; Kwon, Min-Jung; Joo, Eun-Jeong title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples from Patients with Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-06-10 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 329193 cord_uid: xuxbqbsf file: cache/cord-329215-awxfetdj.json key: cord-329215-awxfetdj authors: Carter, Chris; Osbourne, Michelle; Agagah, Gifty; Aedy, Helen; Notter, Joy title: COVID-19 Disease: invasive ventilation date: 2020-06-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100004 sha: doc_id: 329215 cord_uid: awxfetdj file: cache/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.json key: cord-328987-ntu1wdzg authors: Teng, Yi-Man; Wu, Kun-Shan; Lin, Kuan-Ling title: Life or Livelihood? Mental Health Concerns for Quarantine Hotel Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02168 sha: doc_id: 328987 cord_uid: ntu1wdzg file: cache/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.json key: cord-329219-7mfi16rd authors: Gisondi, P.; Facheris, P.; Dapavo, P.; Piaserico, S.; Conti, A.; Naldi, L.; Cazzaniga, S.; Malagoli, P.; Costanzo, A. title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience date: 2020-05-28 journal: Br J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19158 sha: doc_id: 329219 cord_uid: 7mfi16rd file: cache/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.json key: cord-329055-ftwlmi7w authors: Costa, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da; Carnaúba, Aline Tenório Lins title: Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() date: 2020-05-30 journal: Braz J Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 329055 cord_uid: ftwlmi7w file: cache/cord-329253-z6okp606.json key: cord-329253-z6okp606 authors: Levine, Ross L.; Rathmell, W. Kimryn title: COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action date: 2020-06-05 journal: Nat Rev Cancer DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0279-5 sha: doc_id: 329253 cord_uid: z6okp606 file: cache/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.json key: cord-329292-n1aw0lyx authors: Guven, Fadime; Ogul, Hayri; Turgut, Asli; Tezcan, Alperen; Kantarci, Mecit title: Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Joint Bone Spine DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 329292 cord_uid: n1aw0lyx file: cache/cord-329152-1ixylnny.json key: cord-329152-1ixylnny authors: Gupta, Shaili; Federman, Daniel G. title: Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: experience from department of medicine at Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System date: 2020-04-24 journal: Postgrad Med DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1761668 sha: doc_id: 329152 cord_uid: 1ixylnny file: cache/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.json key: cord-329308-ipui7lo6 authors: Lim, Soo; Shin, Soo Myoung; Nam, Ga Eun; Jung, Chang Hee; Koo, Bo Kyung title: Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Obes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.7570/jomes20056 sha: doc_id: 329308 cord_uid: ipui7lo6 file: cache/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.json key: cord-329293-jlrzu0wl authors: Ayanlade, Ayansina; Radeny, Maren title: COVID-19 and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: implications of lockdown during agricultural planting seasons date: 2020-09-14 journal: NPJ Sci Food DOI: 10.1038/s41538-020-00073-0 sha: doc_id: 329293 cord_uid: jlrzu0wl file: cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.json key: cord-329268-0zhabgkt authors: Savoia, E.; Gori, D.; Argentini, G.; Neri, E.; Piltch-Loeb, R.; Fantini, M. P. title: Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20073924 sha: doc_id: 329268 cord_uid: 0zhabgkt file: cache/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.json key: cord-329312-bvnky9yr authors: Alemany-Arrebola, Inmaculada; Rojas-Ruiz, Gloria; Granda-Vera, Juan; Mingorance-Estrada, Ángel Custodio title: Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students date: 2020-10-09 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570017 sha: doc_id: 329312 cord_uid: bvnky9yr file: cache/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.json key: cord-329351-g9qlo3xh authors: Toraih, Eman A.; Elshazli, Rami M.; Hussein, Mohammad H.; Elgaml, Abdelaziz; Amin, Mohamed Nasreldien; El‐Mowafy, Mohammed; El‐Mesery, Mohamed; Ellythy, Assem; Duchesne, Juan; Killackey, Mary T.; Ferdinand, Keith C.; Kandil, Emad; Fawzy, Manal S. title: Association of cardiac biomarkers and comorbidities with increased mortality, severity, and cardiac injury in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐regression and Decision tree analysis date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26166 sha: doc_id: 329351 cord_uid: g9qlo3xh file: cache/cord-329224-t45bedot.json key: cord-329224-t45bedot authors: Byrnes, Yasmeen M.; Civantos, Alyssa M.; Go, Beatrice C.; McWilliams, Tara L.; Rajasekaran, Karthik title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national survey study date: 2020-07-24 journal: Medical education online DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1798088 sha: doc_id: 329224 cord_uid: t45bedot file: cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.json key: cord-329412-pzv4dzow authors: Massaad, Elie; Cherfan, Patrick title: Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-26 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7838 sha: doc_id: 329412 cord_uid: pzv4dzow file: cache/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.json key: cord-329350-qrxl5o1e authors: Pan, Angelo; Matteo, Giorgi-Pierfranceschi; Giancarlo, Bosio; Lorenzo, Cammelli; Laura, Romanini title: Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe date: 2020-06-09 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.038 sha: doc_id: 329350 cord_uid: qrxl5o1e file: cache/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.json key: cord-329363-kaw3h5xm authors: Vardeny, Orly; Madjid, Mohammad; Solomon, Scott D. title: Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty date: 2020-05-26 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046837 sha: doc_id: 329363 cord_uid: kaw3h5xm file: cache/cord-329453-ry1diso2.json key: cord-329453-ry1diso2 authors: Hammer, Mark M.; Zhao, Anna H.; Hunsaker, Andetta R.; Mendicuti, Alejandra Duran; Sodickson, Aaron D.; Boland, Giles W.; Khorasani, Ramin title: Radiologist Reporting and Operational Management for Patients with Suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 329453 cord_uid: ry1diso2 file: cache/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.json key: cord-329344-06uk5sjp authors: Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka; Al-Saad, Salwan R; Karbowski, Lukasz M; Chojnicki, Michal; Tobis, Slawomir; Wieczorowska-Tobis, Katarzyna title: COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review date: 2020-07-23 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0620 sha: doc_id: 329344 cord_uid: 06uk5sjp file: cache/cord-329323-1cquorhs.json key: cord-329323-1cquorhs authors: Ko, Jean Y; Danielson, Melissa L; Town, Machell; Derado, Gordana; Greenlund, Kurt J; Daily Kirley, Pam; Alden, Nisha B; Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly; Anderson, Evan J; Ryan, Patricia A; Kim, Sue; Lynfield, Ruth; Torres, Salina M; Barney, Grant R; Bennett, Nancy M; Sutton, Melissa; Talbot, H Keipp; Hill, Mary; Hall, Aron J; Fry, Alicia M; Garg, Shikha; Kim, Lindsay title: Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System date: 2020-09-18 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1419 sha: doc_id: 329323 cord_uid: 1cquorhs file: cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.json key: cord-329460-wl09mlk1 authors: Bozkurt, Ozan; Sen, Volkan; Irer, Bora; Sagnak, Levent; Onal, Bulent; Tanidir, Yiloren; Karabay, Emre; Kaya, Coskun; Ceyhan, Erman; Baser, Aykut; Duran, Mesut Berkan; Suer, Evren; Celen, Ilker; Selvi, Ismail; Ucer, Oktay; Karakoc, Sedat; Sarikaya, Ege; Ozden, Ender; Deger, Dogan; Egriboyun, Sedat; Ongun, Sakir; Gurboga, Ozgur; Asutay, Mehmet Kazim; Kazaz, Ilke Onur; Yilmaz, Ismail Onder; Kisa, Erdem; Demirkiran, Engin Denizhan; Horsanali, Ozan; Akarken, Ilker; Kizer, Onur; Eren, Huseyin; Ucar, Murat; Cebeci, Oguz Ozden; Kizilay, Fuat; Comez, Kaan; Mercimek, Mehmet Necmettin; Ozkent, Mehmet Serkan; Izol, Volkan; Gudeloglu, Ahmet; Ozturk, Bilgin; Akbaba, Kaan Turker; Polat, Salih; Gucuk, Adnan; Ziyan, Avni; Selcuk, Berin; Akdeniz, Firat; Turgut, Hasan; Sabuncu, Kubilay; Kaygisiz, Onur; Ersahin, Veli; Ibrahim Kahraman, Halil; Guzelsoy, Muhammet; Demir, Omer title: Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date: 2020-09-30 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13735 sha: doc_id: 329460 cord_uid: wl09mlk1 file: cache/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.json key: cord-329353-0pwgzeec authors: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo; McCoy, John; Goren, Andy title: Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals date: 2020-09-11 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.015 sha: doc_id: 329353 cord_uid: 0pwgzeec file: cache/cord-329482-haenltxn.json key: cord-329482-haenltxn authors: Small, Eusebius; Sharma, Bonita B.; Nikolova, Silviya Pavlova title: Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02932-z sha: doc_id: 329482 cord_uid: haenltxn file: cache/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.json key: cord-329384-uvgwth5n authors: Milligan, Gregory P.; Alam, Amit; Guerrero-Miranda, Cesar title: Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in COVID-19 Related Respiratory Illness date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Card Fail DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 329384 cord_uid: uvgwth5n file: cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.json key: cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 authors: Lemke, Michael Kenneth; Apostolopoulos, Yorghos; Sönmez, Sevil title: Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Transp Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100877 sha: doc_id: 329498 cord_uid: nr9k7hf2 file: cache/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.json key: cord-329499-jh4pbqxu authors: Leulseged, T. W.; Hassen, I. S.; Maru, E. H.; Zewde, W. C.; Chamiso, N. W.; Edo, M. G.; Abebe, D. S.; Aliy, M. A. title: COVID-19 in Hospitalized Ethiopian Children: Characteristics and Outcome Profile date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223115 sha: doc_id: 329499 cord_uid: jh4pbqxu file: cache/cord-329534-deoyowto.json key: cord-329534-deoyowto authors: McBryde, Emma S.; Meehan, Michael T.; Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Adekunle, Adeshina I.; Caldwell, Jamie M.; Pak, Anton; Rojas, Diana P.; Williams, Bridget; Trauer, James M. title: Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development date: 2020-06-18 journal: Paediatr Respir Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.013 sha: doc_id: 329534 cord_uid: deoyowto file: cache/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.json key: cord-329543-gbfkce7n authors: Tetteh, Hassan A title: A Leader’s Guide to Crisis Communication: Lessons from Ebola for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Mil Med DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa158 sha: doc_id: 329543 cord_uid: gbfkce7n file: cache/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.json key: cord-329713-dqmvpqtd authors: Pasin, Laura; Sella, Nicolò; Correale, Christelle; Boscolo, Annalisa; Rosi, Paolo; Saia, Mario; Mantoan, Domenico; Navalesi, Paolo title: Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 329713 cord_uid: dqmvpqtd file: cache/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.json key: cord-329766-9bwdb6o2 authors: Liu, Xiaofan; Zhou, Hong; Zhou, Yilu; Wu, Xiaojun; Zhao, Yang; Lu, Yang; Tan, Weijun; Yuan, Mingli; Ding, Xuhong; Zou, Jinjing; Li, Ruiyun; Liu, Hailing; Ewing, Rob M.; Hu, Yi; Nie, Hanxiang; Wang, Yihua title: Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance date: 2020-06-24 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66895-w sha: doc_id: 329766 cord_uid: 9bwdb6o2 file: cache/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.json key: cord-329852-5lr7yirs authors: Monaco, Andrea; Manzia, Tommaso Maria; Angelico, Roberta; Iaria, Giuseppe; Gazia, Carlo; Al Alawi, Yousef; Fourtounas, Konstantinos; Tisone, Giuseppe; Cacciola, Roberto title: Awareness and Impact of Non Pharmaceutical Interventions during COVID-19 Pandemic in Renal Transplant Recipients. date: 2020-07-21 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.010 sha: doc_id: 329852 cord_uid: 5lr7yirs file: cache/cord-329542-srls2syv.json key: cord-329542-srls2syv authors: Ma, Alice; Kase, Carlos S.; Shoamanesh, Ashkan; Abdalkader, Mohamad; Pikula, Aleksandra; Sathya, Anvitha; Catanese, Luciana; T. Ellis, Alun; Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Stroke and Thromboprophylaxis in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105392 sha: doc_id: 329542 cord_uid: srls2syv file: cache/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.json key: cord-329561-4cz2jtt7 authors: Ismael, F.; Bizario, J. C. S.; Battagin, T.; Zaramella, B.; Leal, F. E.; Torales, J.; Ventriglio, A.; Marziali, M. E.; Martins, S. S.; Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. title: Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20182113 sha: doc_id: 329561 cord_uid: 4cz2jtt7 file: cache/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.json key: cord-329628-2bqrutrt authors: Zhao, Xiaofang; Wang, Kun; Zuo, Peiyuan; Liu, Yuwei; Zhang, Meng; Xie, Songpu; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Xinglin; Liu, Chengyun title: Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach date: 2020-05-14 journal: EPMA J DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00208-z sha: doc_id: 329628 cord_uid: 2bqrutrt file: cache/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.json key: cord-329536-3xsncmyi authors: Passos, Lígia; Prazeres, Filipe; Teixeira, Andreia; Martins, Carlos title: Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil date: 2020-09-17 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186794 sha: doc_id: 329536 cord_uid: 3xsncmyi file: cache/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.json key: cord-329737-l8u4s73w authors: Liew, Yixin; Lee, Winnie Hui Ling; Tan, Lunyi; Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon; Thien, Siew Yee; Cherng, Benjamin Pei Zhi; Chung, Shimin Jasmine title: Antimicrobial stewardship program, a vital resource for hospitals during the global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Antimicrob Agents DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106145 sha: doc_id: 329737 cord_uid: l8u4s73w file: cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.json key: cord-329727-h47q76y8 authors: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni; Kostov, Belchin; Mas-Heredia, Minerva; Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi; Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel; Sans-Corrales, Mireia; Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda; Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia; Martínez-Pérez, Angela; García-Plana, Noemí; Anguita-Guimet, August; Benavent-Àreu, Jaume title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960 sha: doc_id: 329727 cord_uid: h47q76y8 file: cache/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.json key: cord-329779-5sauq4gp authors: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Lavie, Carl J.; Perez-Quilis, Carme; Henry, Brandon M.; Lippi, Giuseppe title: In Reply – Association of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers with Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.011 sha: doc_id: 329779 cord_uid: 5sauq4gp file: cache/cord-329580-eef8mem7.json key: cord-329580-eef8mem7 authors: Rutter, Matthew D; Brookes, Matthew; Lee, Thomas J; Rogers, Peter; Sharp, Linda title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis date: 2020-07-19 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322179 sha: doc_id: 329580 cord_uid: eef8mem7 file: cache/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.json key: cord-329796-h7ins2a8 authors: Coombe, J.; Kong, F.; Bittleston, H.; Williams, H.; Tomnay, J.; Vaisey, A.; Malta, S.; Goller, J.; Temple-Smith, M.; Bourchier, L.; Lau, A.; Hocking, J. S. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive health of people living in Australia: findings from an online survey date: 2020-08-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20172163 sha: doc_id: 329796 cord_uid: h7ins2a8 file: cache/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.json key: cord-329671-f6x3if3q authors: Hai, Shaikh; Elkbuli, Adel title: Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 329671 cord_uid: f6x3if3q file: cache/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.json key: cord-329853-kf3kh26y authors: Trimarchi, Hernán; Gianserra, Raquel; Lampo, Mauro; Monkowski, Matias; Lodolo, Jimena title: Eculizumab, SARS-CoV-2 and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome date: 2020-09-27 journal: Clin Kidney J DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa166 sha: doc_id: 329853 cord_uid: kf3kh26y file: cache/cord-329898-g6og7oid.json key: cord-329898-g6og7oid authors: Song, Rok; Kim, Hee-Sook; Yoo, Seok-Ju; Lee, Kwan; Park, Ji-Hyuk; Jang, Joon Ho; Ahn, Gyoung-Sook; Kim, Jun-Nyun title: COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities: Experience in Republic of Korea date: 2020-08-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.04 sha: doc_id: 329898 cord_uid: g6og7oid file: cache/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.json key: cord-329770-tz8dwgzm authors: Hamer, Mark; Kivimäki, Mika; Gale, Catharine R.; David Batty, G. title: Lifestyle Risk Factors, Inflammatory Mechanisms, and COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Community-Based Cohort Study of 387,109 Adults in UK date: 2020-05-23 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059 sha: doc_id: 329770 cord_uid: tz8dwgzm file: cache/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.json key: cord-329855-pr7g6ivu authors: Kalfaoglu, Bahire; Almeida-Santos, José; Adele Tye, Chanidapa; Satou, Yorifumi; Ono, Masahiro title: T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 infection revealed by single-cell analysis date: 2020-05-30 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.115923 sha: doc_id: 329855 cord_uid: pr7g6ivu file: cache/cord-329626-lsbny5to.json key: cord-329626-lsbny5to authors: Losada-Baltar, Andrés; Jiménez-Gonzalo, Lucía; Gallego-Alberto, Laura; Pedroso-Chaparro, María del Sequeros; Fernandes-Pires, José; Márquez-González, María title: “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa048 sha: doc_id: 329626 cord_uid: lsbny5to file: cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.json key: cord-329900-lq91rb8c authors: Seiffert, Moritz; Brunner, Fabian J.; Remmel, Marko; Thomalla, Götz; Marschall, Ursula; L’Hoest, Helmut; Acar, Laura; Debus, Eike S.; Blankenberg, Stefan; Gerloff, Christian; Behrendt, Christian-Alexander title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 journal: Clin Res Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9 sha: doc_id: 329900 cord_uid: lq91rb8c file: cache/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.json key: cord-329863-r2vqsg5r authors: Salamanna, Francesca; Landini, Maria Paola; Fini, Milena title: Overt and non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation and the potential role of heparin in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-10-16 journal: Ther Adv Hematol DOI: 10.1177/2040620720951655 sha: doc_id: 329863 cord_uid: r2vqsg5r file: cache/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.json key: cord-329996-f2hxpat3 authors: Wahlster, Sarah; Sharma, Monisha; Lewis, Ariane K.; Patel, Pratik V.; Hartog, Christiane; Jannotta, Gemi; Blissitt, Patricia; Kross, Erin K.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Greer, David M.; Curtis, J. Randall; Creutzfeldt, Claire J. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-11 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 sha: doc_id: 329996 cord_uid: f2hxpat3 file: cache/cord-330120-xd9l948d.json key: cord-330120-xd9l948d authors: van Dyck, Laura I.; Wilkins, Kirsten M.; Ouellet, Jennifer; Ouellet, Gregory M.; Conroy, Michelle L. title: Combating Heightened Social Isolation of Nursing Home Elders: The Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak Program date: 2020-06-05 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 330120 cord_uid: xd9l948d file: cache/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.json key: cord-329821-psv2kvfa authors: Rascado Sedes, P.; Ballesteros Sanz, M.A.; Bodí Saera, M.A.; Carrasco Rodríguez-Rey, L.F.; Castellanos Ortega, A.; Catalán González, M.; López, C. de Haro; Díaz Santos, E.; Escriba Barcena, A.; Frade Mera, M.J.; Igeño Cano, J.C.; Martín Delgado, M.C.; Martínez Estalella, G.; Raimondi, N.; Roca i Gas, O.; Rodríguez Oviedo, A.; Romero San Pío, E.; Trenado Álvarez, J. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19() date: 2020-04-23 journal: Med Intensiva DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.03.006 sha: doc_id: 329821 cord_uid: psv2kvfa file: cache/cord-329989-176cvimy.json key: cord-329989-176cvimy authors: Federico, Antonio title: Scientific publishing in the COVID-19 era: successes and pitfalls date: 2020-07-02 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04550-y sha: doc_id: 329989 cord_uid: 176cvimy file: cache/cord-330022-n3d130t8.json key: cord-330022-n3d130t8 authors: Pan, Daniel; Sze, Shirley; Minhas, Jatinder S.; Bangash, Mansoor N.; Pareek, Nilesh; Divall, Pip; Williams, Caroline ML.; Oggioni, Marco R.; Squire, Iain B.; Nellums, Laura B.; Hanif, Wasim; Khunti, Kamlesh; Pareek, Manish title: The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-06-03 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100404 sha: doc_id: 330022 cord_uid: n3d130t8 file: cache/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.json key: cord-329912-4tbwk8cp authors: Loveday, Chey; Sud, Amit; Jones, Michael E; Broggio, John; Scott, Stephen; Gronthound, Firza; Torr, Beth; Garrett, Alice; Nicol, David L; Jhanji, Shaman; Boyce, Stephen A; Williams, Matthew; Barry, Claire; Riboli, Elio; Kipps, Emma; McFerran, Ethna; Muller, David C; Lyratzopoulos, Georgios; Lawler, Mark; Abulafi, Muti; Houlston, Richard S; Turnbull, Clare title: Prioritisation by FIT to mitigate the impact of delays in the 2-week wait colorectal cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK modelling study date: 2020-08-24 journal: Gut DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321650 sha: doc_id: 329912 cord_uid: 4tbwk8cp file: cache/cord-329947-so64wlo2.json key: cord-329947-so64wlo2 authors: Poggiali, Erika; Vercelli, Andrea; Iannicelli, Teresa; Tinelli, Valentina; Celoni, Laura; Magnacavallo, Andrea title: COVID-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumothorax: A Frightening Triad date: 2020-06-01 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001742 sha: doc_id: 329947 cord_uid: so64wlo2 file: cache/cord-329925-p4hfqath.json key: cord-329925-p4hfqath authors: JunziShi; Giess, Catherine S; Martin, Tyler; Lemaire, Karen A; Curley, Patrick J; Bay, Camden; Mayo-Smith, William W; Boland, Giles W; Khorasani, Ramin title: Radiology workload changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for staff redeployment date: 2020-10-02 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 329925 cord_uid: p4hfqath file: cache/cord-330063-rigpx36k.json key: cord-330063-rigpx36k authors: Williams, Owain Hedd; Mohideen, Saamir; Sen, Arup; Martinovic, Olivera; Hart, Jonathan; Brex, Peter Anthony; Sztriha, Laszlo Krisztian title: Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116980 sha: doc_id: 330063 cord_uid: rigpx36k file: cache/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.json key: cord-330074-5iqqgy65 authors: Patel, Smit D.; Kollar, Ryan; Troy, Patrick; Song, Xianyuan; Khaled, Mohammad; Parra, Augusto; Pervez, Mubashir title: Malignant Cerebral Ischemia in A COVID-19 Infected Patient: Case Review and Histopathological Findings date: 2020-08-05 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105231 sha: doc_id: 330074 cord_uid: 5iqqgy65 file: cache/cord-330129-izr62c68.json key: cord-330129-izr62c68 authors: Omer, Sumaira; Ali, Salamat; Babar, Zaheer ud Din title: Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy date: 2020-04-09 journal: Drugs Ther Perspect DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00725-x sha: doc_id: 330129 cord_uid: izr62c68 file: cache/cord-330136-o8df8szx.json key: cord-330136-o8df8szx authors: Fan, Hua; Zhang, Lin; Huang, Bin; Zhu, Muxin; Zhou, Yong; Zhang, Huan; Tao, Xiaogen; Cheng, Shaohui; Yu, Wenhu; Zhu, Liping; Chen, Jian title: Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored date: 2020-05-11 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 330136 cord_uid: o8df8szx file: cache/cord-330061-q4xi260z.json key: cord-330061-q4xi260z authors: Ferreira, João Guimarães; Rapparini, Cristiane; Gomes, Bruno Moreno; Pinto, Luiz Alexandre Cabral; Freire, Mário Sérgio da Silva e title: Pneumothorax as a late complication of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 journal: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062061 sha: doc_id: 330061 cord_uid: q4xi260z file: cache/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.json key: cord-329953-8nq7fvfh authors: Le Grange, Lesley title: Covid-19 pandemic and the prospects of education in South Africa date: 2020-10-19 journal: Prospects (Paris) DOI: 10.1007/s11125-020-09514-w sha: doc_id: 329953 cord_uid: 8nq7fvfh file: cache/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.json key: cord-330151-7ylnxtcq authors: Fang, Shilin; Wang, Haizhou; Lu, Li; Jia, Yifan; Xia, Zhongyuan title: Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-05 journal: Int Immunopharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107070 sha: doc_id: 330151 cord_uid: 7ylnxtcq file: cache/cord-329939-spa16qhz.json key: cord-329939-spa16qhz authors: Miranda, Eduardo P.; Nascimento, Bruno; Torres, Luiz Otavio; Glina, Sidney title: Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Sex Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.013 sha: doc_id: 329939 cord_uid: spa16qhz file: cache/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.json key: cord-330104-wgo4pml6 authors: Farrugia, Gianrico; Plutowski, Roshelle W. title: Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 330104 cord_uid: wgo4pml6 file: cache/cord-330089-926y1hfj.json key: cord-330089-926y1hfj authors: Russo, Vincenzo; Carbone, Andreina; Mottola, Filiberto Fausto; Mocerino, Rosa; Verde, Raffaele; Attena, Emilio; Verde, Nicoletta; Di Micco, Pierpaolo; Nunziata, Luigi; Santelli, Francesco; Nigro, Gerardo; Severino, Sergio title: Effect of Triple Combination Therapy With Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine on QT Interval and Arrhythmic Risk in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582348 sha: doc_id: 330089 cord_uid: 926y1hfj file: cache/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.json key: cord-330159-vm30ohrb authors: Beretta, Federica; Dassie, Francesca; Parolin, Matteo; Boscari, Federico; Barbot, Mattia; Busetto, Luca; Mioni, Roberto; De Carlo, Eugenio; Scaroni, Carla; Fallo, Francesco; Vettor, Roberto; Maffei, Pietro title: Practical Considerations for the Management of Cushing's Disease and COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-09-11 journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00554 sha: doc_id: 330159 cord_uid: vm30ohrb file: cache/cord-329985-5rji08p7.json key: cord-329985-5rji08p7 authors: Robba, Chiara; Robba, Chiara; Battaglini, Denise; Ball, Lorenzo; Patroniti, Nicolo’; Loconte, Maurizio; Brunetti, Iole; Vena, Antonio; Giacobbe, Daniele; Bassetti, Matteo; Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo; Pelosi, Paolo title: Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103455 sha: doc_id: 329985 cord_uid: 5rji08p7 file: cache/cord-330093-asba80bi.json key: cord-330093-asba80bi authors: Leung, Janice M.; Sin, Don D. title: Smoking, ACE-2 and COVID-19: ongoing controversies date: 2020-07-16 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01759-2020 sha: doc_id: 330093 cord_uid: asba80bi file: cache/cord-330050-05nnihst.json key: cord-330050-05nnihst authors: Li, Yang; Zeng, Ling; Li, Zhanfei; Mao, Qingxiang; Liu, Ding; Zhang, Letian; Zhang, Huayu; Xie, Yu; Liu, Guo; Gan, Xiaoqin; Yang, Fan; Zhou, Siru; Ai, Shanmu; Tang, Hao; Zhong, Qiu; Lu, Hongxiang; Zhang, Huacai; Talmy, Tomer; Zhang, Weiguo; Chen, Liyong; Bai, Xiangjun; Jiang, Jianxin; Zhang, Lianyang title: Emergency trauma care during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-15 journal: World J Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00312-5 sha: doc_id: 330050 cord_uid: 05nnihst file: cache/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.json key: cord-330171-l7p0sxqu authors: Branicki, Layla J. title: COVID‐19, Ethics of Care, and Feminist Crisis Management date: 2020-06-17 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12491 sha: doc_id: 330171 cord_uid: l7p0sxqu file: cache/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.json key: cord-330299-fcqtstpk authors: Tsuchiya, Atsunori; Takeuchi, Suguru; Iwasawa, Takahiro; Kumagai, Masaru; Sato, Takeki; Motegi, Satoko; Ishii, Yui; Koseki, Youhei; Tomiyoshi, Kei; Natsui, Kazuki; Takeda, Nobutaka; Yoshida, Yuki; Yamazaki, Fusako; Kojima, Yuichi; Watanabe, Yusuke; Kimura, Naruhiro; Tominaga, Kentaro; Kamimura, Hiroteru; Takamura, Masaaki; Terai, Shuji title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases date: 2020-06-22 journal: Inflamm Regen DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00121-y sha: doc_id: 330299 cord_uid: fcqtstpk file: cache/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.json key: cord-330388-lq6fsl9i authors: Adam, E. J.; Grubnic, S.; Jacob, T. M.; Patel, J. H.; Blanks, R. title: COVID-19: could CT provide the best population level biomarker? Incidental COVID-19 in major trauma patients suggests higher than predicted rates of infection in London date: 2020-10-31 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 330388 cord_uid: lq6fsl9i file: cache/cord-330017-t14o7rua.json key: cord-330017-t14o7rua authors: Galiero, Raffaele; Pafundi, Pia Clara; Nevola, Riccardo; Rinaldi, Luca; Acierno, Carlo; Caturano, Alfredo; Salvatore, Teresa; Adinolfi, Luigi Elio; Costagliola, Ciro; Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo title: The Importance of Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy date: 2020-10-14 journal: J Diabetes Res DOI: 10.1155/2020/9036847 sha: doc_id: 330017 cord_uid: t14o7rua file: cache/cord-330346-9zi5culm.json key: cord-330346-9zi5culm authors: Uddin Chowdhury, Md Reaz; Akter, Kazi Shanzida; Moula, Mohammad Moksedul; Kabir, Muhammad Anwarul; Bhuiyan, Sahedul Islam; Sohan, Arif Mohammad title: COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh date: 2020-11-12 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101290 sha: doc_id: 330346 cord_uid: 9zi5culm file: cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.json key: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk authors: Cai, Xiaofang; Jiang, Hanlan; Zhang, Simin; Xia, Shengying; Du, Wenhui; Ma, Yaoling; Yu, Tao; Li, Wenbin title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 journal: Front Med DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 sha: doc_id: 330198 cord_uid: pwkxgbxk file: cache/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.json key: cord-330126-sny9w9y8 authors: Deng, Fuxue; Gao, Dengfeng; Ma, Xiaorong; Guo, Yonghong; Wang, Rong; Jiang, Wei; Gong, Shouping title: Corticosteroids in diabetes patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02287-3 sha: doc_id: 330126 cord_uid: sny9w9y8 file: cache/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.json key: cord-330261-8sb9sc7o authors: Sahoo, D. P.; Singh, A. K.; Sahu, D. P.; Pradhan, S. K.; Patro, B. K.; Batmanabane, G.; Mishra, B.; Behera, B.; Dash, A.; Dora, G. S.; L, A.; M, A. S.; Nair, J.; Panigrahi, S.; R, A.; sahoo, B. K.; Sahu, S.; Sahoo, S. title: Hospital based contact tracing of COVID-19 patients and health care workers and risk stratification of exposed health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern India date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.01.20220475 sha: doc_id: 330261 cord_uid: 8sb9sc7o file: cache/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.json key: cord-330239-l8fp8cvz authors: Oyelade, O. N.; Ezugwu, A. E. title: Deep Learning Model for Improving the Characterization of Coronavirus on Chest X-ray Images Using CNN date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 sha: doc_id: 330239 cord_uid: l8fp8cvz file: cache/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.json key: cord-330395-2qoyrqmj authors: Huq, Samin; Biswas, Raaj Kishore title: COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision date: 2020-04-15 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010342 sha: doc_id: 330395 cord_uid: 2qoyrqmj file: cache/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.json key: cord-330411-hg1cxcs7 authors: Keddie, S.; Ziff, O.; Chou, M.K.L.; Taylor, R.L.; Heslegrave, A.; Garr, E.; Lakdawala, N.; Church, A.; Ludwig, D.; Manson, J.; Scully, M.; Nastouli, E.; Chapman, M.D.; Hart, M.; Lunn, M.P. title: Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and management date: 2020-10-22 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108614 sha: doc_id: 330411 cord_uid: hg1cxcs7 file: cache/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.json key: cord-330205-hj0o33xo authors: Garrido, Isabel; Liberal, Rodrigo; Gaspar, Rui; Macedo, Guilherme title: “Cirrhosis management in a major referral center during COVID-19” date: 2020-07-15 journal: JHEP Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100146 sha: doc_id: 330205 cord_uid: hj0o33xo file: cache/cord-330369-75cotmn2.json key: cord-330369-75cotmn2 authors: López, Verónica; Vázquez, Teresa; Alonso-Titos, Juana; Cabello, Mercedes; Alonso, Angel; Beneyto, Isabel; Crespo, Marta; Díaz-Corte, Carmen; Franco, Antonio; González-Roncero, Francisco; Gutiérrez, Elena; Guirado, Luis; Jiménez, Carlos; Jironda, Cristina; Lauzurica, Ricardo; Llorente, Santiago; Mazuecos, Auxiliadora; Paul, Javier; Rodríguez-Benot, Alberto; Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Sánchez-Fructuoso, Ana; Sola, Eugenia; Torregrosa, Vicente; Zárraga, Sofía; Hernández, Domingo title: Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.03.017 sha: doc_id: 330369 cord_uid: 75cotmn2 file: cache/cord-330431-9txstz4n.json key: cord-330431-9txstz4n authors: Nomikos, Iakovos N title: What Else but Covid-19 Pandemic? Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-11 journal: Hell Cheirourgike DOI: 10.1007/s13126-020-0544-9 sha: doc_id: 330431 cord_uid: 9txstz4n file: cache/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.json key: cord-330464-j4o7m9ck authors: Ng, Jun Jie; Gan, Tiffany R.X.; Niam, Jen Yong; Menon, Raj K.; Ho, Pei; Dharmaraj, Rajesh B.; Wong, Julian C.L.; Choong, Andrew M.T.L. title: Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 330464 cord_uid: j4o7m9ck file: cache/cord-330545-jrmott3i.json key: cord-330545-jrmott3i authors: Abuzeineh, Mohammad; Muzaale, Abimereki D.; Crews, Deidra C.; Avery, Robin K.; Brotman, Daniel J.; Brennan, Daniel C.; Segev, Dorry L.; Al Ammary, Fawaz title: Telemedicine in the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: Case Reports date: 2020-07-16 journal: Transplant Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.009 sha: doc_id: 330545 cord_uid: jrmott3i file: cache/cord-330320-27dj69i1.json key: cord-330320-27dj69i1 authors: Valitutti, Francesco; Zenzeri, Letizia; Mauro, Angela; Pacifico, Rosario; Borrelli, Micaela; Muzzica, Stefania; Boccia, Giovanni; Tipo, Vincenzo; Vajro, Pietro title: Effect of Population Lockdown on Pediatric Emergency Room Demands in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00521 sha: doc_id: 330320 cord_uid: 27dj69i1 file: cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.json key: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 authors: Bowden, Kasey; Burnham, Ellen L.; Keniston, Angela; Levin, Dimitriy; Limes, Julia; Persoff, Jason; Thurman, Lindsay; Burden, Marisha title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05952-6 sha: doc_id: 330368 cord_uid: rk31cwl4 file: cache/cord-330492-kbob8z48.json key: cord-330492-kbob8z48 authors: Vervoort, Dominique; Luc, Jessica G.Y.; Percy, Edward; Hirji, Sameer; Lee, Richard title: Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-30 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.015 sha: doc_id: 330492 cord_uid: kbob8z48 file: cache/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.json key: cord-330461-4bncbqsb authors: Warth, Lucian C.; Noiseux, Nicolas O.; Duncan, Stephen T.; Daines, S. Bradley; Mahoney, Craig R. title: How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond date: 2020-04-28 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.063 sha: doc_id: 330461 cord_uid: 4bncbqsb file: cache/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.json key: cord-330478-g9n2mfni authors: Hattenbach, Lars-Olof; Reinhard, Thomas; Walter, Peter; Roider, Johannes; Feltgen, Nicolas; Hesse, Lutz; Schrecker, Jens; Eter, Nicole title: Krisenstrategien der Kliniken während der Pandemie date: 2020-07-01 journal: Ophthalmologe DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01162-x sha: doc_id: 330478 cord_uid: g9n2mfni file: cache/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.json key: cord-330607-zn4urrxc authors: Chi, Qiong; Dai, Xinjian; Jiang, Xiangao; Zhu, Lefei; Du, Junyan; Chen, Yuxi; Zheng, Jiyang; Huang, Jianping title: Differential diagnosis for suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-18 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05383-y sha: doc_id: 330607 cord_uid: zn4urrxc file: cache/cord-330639-1b278jcm.json key: cord-330639-1b278jcm authors: Bandyopadhyay, S.; Baticulon, R. E.; Kadhum, M.; Alser, M.; Ojuka, D. K.; Badereddin, Y.; Kamath, A.; Parepalli, S. A.; Brown, G.; Iharchane, S.; Gandino, S.; Markovic-Obiago, Z.; Scott, S.; Manirambona, E.; Machhada, A.; Aggarwal, A.; Benazaize, L.; Ibrahim, M.; Kim, D.; Tol, I.; Taylor, E. H.; Knighton, A.; Bbaale, D.; Jasim, D.; Alghoul, H.; Reddy, H.; Abuelgasim, H.; Sigler, A.; Saini, K.; Abuelgasim, L.; Moran-Romero, M.; Kumarendran, M.; Jamie, N. A.; Ali, O.; Sudarshan, R.; Dean, R.; Kisyova, R.; Kelzang, S.; Roche, S.; Ahsan, T.; Mohamed, Y.; Dube, A. M.; Gwini, G. P.; Gwokyala, R.; Br, title: Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a scoping review date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119594 sha: doc_id: 330639 cord_uid: 1b278jcm file: cache/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.json key: cord-330641-pxvc2nw5 authors: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian; Perez-Quilis, Carme; Lavie, Carl J title: Should atrial fibrillation be considered a cardiovascular risk factor for a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-20 journal: Eur Heart J DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa509 sha: doc_id: 330641 cord_uid: pxvc2nw5 file: cache/cord-330655-crfj5adf.json key: cord-330655-crfj5adf authors: Haider, Asim; Siddiqa, Ayesha; Ali, Nisha; Dhallu, Manjeet title: COVID-19 and the Brain: Acute Encephalitis as a Clinical Manifestation date: 2020-10-03 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10784 sha: doc_id: 330655 cord_uid: crfj5adf file: cache/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.json key: cord-330656-y6m47tq4 authors: Seo, Eunhye; Mun, Eunchan; Kim, Wonsool; Lee, Changhwan title: Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-02 journal: Ann Occup Environ Med DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e22 sha: doc_id: 330656 cord_uid: y6m47tq4 file: cache/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.json key: cord-330550-cxdrac0o authors: Canonico, Mario Enrico; Siciliano, Roberta; Scudiero, Fernando; Sanna, Giuseppe Damiano; Parodi, Guido title: The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 journal: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa048 sha: doc_id: 330550 cord_uid: cxdrac0o file: cache/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.json key: cord-330597-nftwj0d5 authors: Hopfer, Helmut; Herzig, Martin C.; Gosert, Rainer; Menter, Thomas; Hench, Jürgen; Tzankov, Alexandar; Hirsch, Hans H.; Miller, Sara E. title: Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues date: 2020-09-27 journal: Histopathology DOI: 10.1111/his.14264 sha: doc_id: 330597 cord_uid: nftwj0d5 file: cache/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.json key: cord-330658-vp8fcy1a authors: Hale, Molly; Dayot, Andrea title: Outbreak Investigation of COVID-19 in Hospital Food Service Workers date: 2020-08-13 journal: American Journal of Infection Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.011 sha: doc_id: 330658 cord_uid: vp8fcy1a file: cache/cord-330626-0aidit63.json key: cord-330626-0aidit63 authors: Sepulveda, Jorge; Westblade, Lars F.; Whittier, Susan; Satlin, Michael J.; Greendyke, William G.; Aaron, Justin G.; Zucker, Jason; Dietz, Donald; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena; Choi, Justin J.; Liu, Dakai; Russell, Sarah; Connelly, Charles; Green, Daniel A. title: Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization during COVID-19 Surge in New York City date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Clin Microbiol DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00875-20 sha: doc_id: 330626 cord_uid: 0aidit63 file: cache/cord-330728-tul659fr.json key: cord-330728-tul659fr authors: Zaed, Ismail; Tinterri, Benedetta title: How is COVID-19 going to affect education in neurosurgery? A step toward a new era of educational training date: 2020-06-11 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.032 sha: doc_id: 330728 cord_uid: tul659fr file: cache/cord-330711-y65csypc.json key: cord-330711-y65csypc authors: Zimmerer, Karl S.; de Haan, Stef title: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America date: 2020-07-15 journal: Food Secur DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01088-x sha: doc_id: 330711 cord_uid: y65csypc file: cache/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.json key: cord-330676-urr9oqfc authors: Keny, Dr Swapnil; Bagaria, Dr Vaibhav; Chaudhary, Dr Kshitij; Dhawale, Dr Arjun title: Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries in non covid patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: Perspective from India date: 2020-05-12 journal: J Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 330676 cord_uid: urr9oqfc file: cache/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.json key: cord-330717-uzrxtgrg authors: Gupta, Madhu; Wahl, Brian; Adhikari, Binita; Bar-Zeev, Naor; Bhandari, Sudip; Coria, Alexandra; Erchick, Daniel J.; Gupta, Nidhi; Hariyani, Shreya; Kagucia, E. Wangeci; Killewo, Japhet; Limaye, Rupali Jayant; McCollum, Eric D.; Pandey, Raghukul; Pomat, William S.; Rao, Krishna D.; Santosham, Mathuram; Sauer, Molly; Wanyenze, Rhoda K.; Peters, David H. title: The need for COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-01 journal: Glob Health Res Policy DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00159-y sha: doc_id: 330717 cord_uid: uzrxtgrg file: cache/cord-330786-52xyuwum.json key: cord-330786-52xyuwum authors: Jones, C. M.; Hawkins, M.; Mukherjee, S.; Radhakrishna, G.; Crosby, T. title: Considerations for the Treatment of Oesophageal Cancer With Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-09 journal: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 330786 cord_uid: 52xyuwum file: cache/cord-330640-6ityxc64.json key: cord-330640-6ityxc64 authors: Gupta, Ashim; Kashte, Shivaji; Gupta, Manu; Rodriguez, Hugo C.; Gautam, Shraddha Singh; Kadam, Sachin title: Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective date: 2020-08-11 journal: Hum Cell DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00407-w sha: doc_id: 330640 cord_uid: 6ityxc64 file: cache/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.json key: cord-330792-dxdpn46t authors: Moulson, Nathaniel; Bewick, David; Selway, Tracy; Harris, Jennifer; Suskin, Nelville; Oh, Paul; Coutinho, Thais; Singh, Gurmeet; Chow, Chi-Ming; Clarke, Brian; Cowan, Simone; Fordyce, Christopher B.; Fournier, Anne; Gin, Kenneth; Gupta, Anil; Hardiman, Sean; Jackson, Simon; Lamarche, Yoan; Lau, Benny; Légaré, Jean-François; Leong-Poi, Howard; Mansour, Samer; Marelli, Ariane; Quraishi, Ata ur Rehman; Roifman, Idan; Ruel, Marc; Sapp, John; Small, Gary; Turgeon, Ricky; Wood, David A.; Zieroth, Shelley; Virani, Sean; Krahn, Andrew D. title: Cardiac Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Era: Guidance on Implementing Virtual Care date: 2020-06-14 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 330792 cord_uid: dxdpn46t file: cache/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.json key: cord-330755-7kvaduoq authors: McMahon, Meghan; Nadigel, Jessica; Thompson, Erin; Glazier, Richard H. title: Informing Canada's Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date: 2020-08-17 journal: Healthc Policy DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2020.26249 sha: doc_id: 330755 cord_uid: 7kvaduoq file: cache/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.json key: cord-330788-2wsn8t2r authors: Zhang, Caiyun; Ye, Maolin; Fu, Yunwei; Yang, Minyi; Luo, Fen; Yuan, Jinhua; Tao, Qian title: The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.026 sha: doc_id: 330788 cord_uid: 2wsn8t2r file: cache/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.json key: cord-330701-k68b0wqe authors: Gerc, Vjekoslav; Masic, Izet; Salihefendic, Nizama; Zildzic, Muharem title: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-06-17 journal: Mater Sociomed DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.158-164 sha: doc_id: 330701 cord_uid: k68b0wqe file: cache/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.json key: cord-330758-0mdn06qh authors: Gibson Miller, Jilly; Hartman, Todd K.; Levita, Liat; Martinez, Anton P.; Mason, Liam; McBride, Orla; McKay, Ryan; Murphy, Jamie; Shevlin, Mark; Stocks, Thomas V. A.; Bennett, Kate M.; Bentall, Richard P. title: Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in the United Kingdom date: 2020-05-16 journal: Br J Health Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12426 sha: doc_id: 330758 cord_uid: 0mdn06qh file: cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.json key: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr authors: Lim, Zheng Jie; Reddy, Mallikarjuna Ponnapa; Afroz, Afsana; Billah, Baki; Shekar, Kiran; Subramaniam, Ashwin title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 journal: Resuscitation DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 330837 cord_uid: pwwgmtjr file: cache/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.json key: cord-330887-q5i8lpan authors: Li, K.; Wu, M.; Huang, B.; Zhong, A.; Li, L.; Cai, Y.; Wu, L.; Zhu, M.; Li, J.; Wang, Z.; Wu, W.; Li, W.; Bosco, B.; Gan, Z.; Qiao, Q.; Wu, J.; wang, q.; Wang, S.; Xia, X. title: The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105155 sha: doc_id: 330887 cord_uid: q5i8lpan file: cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.json key: cord-330849-yt44k88m authors: Han, Rachel H.; Schmidt, Morgan N.; Waits, Wendi M.; Bell, Alexa K. C.; Miller, Tashina L. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Curr Psychiatry Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6 sha: doc_id: 330849 cord_uid: yt44k88m file: cache/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.json key: cord-330869-k5ro0edf authors: Kumar Singh, Awadhesh; Khunti, Kamlesh title: Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-11 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266 sha: doc_id: 330869 cord_uid: k5ro0edf file: cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.json key: cord-330870-l0ryikhv authors: Eubanks, Allison; Thomson, Brook; Marko, Emily; Auguste, Tamika; Peterson, Logan; Goffman, Dena; Deering, Shad title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151294 sha: doc_id: 330870 cord_uid: l0ryikhv file: cache/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.json key: cord-330831-3b7vfv9b authors: Hao, Fengyi; Tam, Wilson; Hu, Xiaoyu; Tan, Wanqiu; Jiang, Li; Jiang, Xiaojiang; Zhang, Ling; Zhao, Xinling; Zou, Yiran; Hu, Yirong; Luo, Xi; McIntyre, Roger S.; Quek, Travis; Tran, Bach Xuan; Zhang, Zhisong; Pham, Hai Quang; Ho, Cyrus S. H.; Ho, Roger C.M. title: A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities date: 2020-10-19 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01039-2 sha: doc_id: 330831 cord_uid: 3b7vfv9b file: cache/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.json key: cord-330877-nsx4b4rm authors: Elcioglu, Omer Celal; Artan, Ayse Serra; Mirioglu, Safak; Gursu, Meltem; Durdu, Bulent; Meric Koc, Meliha; Okyaltirik, Fatmanur; Gultekin, Mehmet Ali; Kazancioglu, Rumeyza title: COVİD-19 infection in a membranous nephropathy patient treated with rituximab date: 2020-09-04 journal: CEN Case Rep DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00524-3 sha: doc_id: 330877 cord_uid: nsx4b4rm file: cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.json key: cord-330880-6lx66w8h authors: Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos; Punia, Sushil; Schäfers, Andreas; Tsinopoulos, Christos; Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date: 2020-08-08 journal: Eur J Oper Res DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.08.001 sha: doc_id: 330880 cord_uid: 6lx66w8h file: cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.json key: cord-330916-s99ayg1j authors: Hernandez, Adrian V.; Roman, Yuani M.; Pasupuleti, Vinay; Barboza, Joshuan J.; White, C. Michael title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0945 sha: doc_id: 330916 cord_uid: s99ayg1j file: cache/cord-330975-2tome934.json key: cord-330975-2tome934 authors: Pilato, Emanuele; Manzo, Rachele; Comentale, Giuseppe title: Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy? date: 2020-05-18 journal: Heart Lung DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 330975 cord_uid: 2tome934 file: cache/cord-331046-440kruco.json key: cord-331046-440kruco authors: Culp, Brian M.; Frisch, Nicholas B. title: COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Arthroplasty DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.058 sha: doc_id: 331046 cord_uid: 440kruco file: cache/cord-331030-3icwei3e.json key: cord-331030-3icwei3e authors: Saleknezhad, N.; Khosravi, B.; Anushiravani, A.; Eslahi, M.; Radmard, A. R.; Sirusbakht, A.; Pourabbas, S. M.; Abdollahi, M.; Kasaeian, A.; Sorouri, M.; Sima, A. R. title: COVID-19 and heart medications: What's the connection? date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20174367 sha: doc_id: 331030 cord_uid: 3icwei3e file: cache/cord-331087-kpze9xux.json key: cord-331087-kpze9xux authors: Siddiqui, S.; Naushin, S.; Pradhan, S.; Misra, A.; Tyagi, A.; Loomba, M.; Waghdhare, S.; Pandey, R.; Sengupta, S.; Jha, S. title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and stability in a tertiary care hospital-setting date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186486 sha: doc_id: 331087 cord_uid: kpze9xux file: cache/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.json key: cord-331109-a8e7r80d authors: Ibrahim, Yassmin S.; Karuppasamy, Gowri; Parambil, Jessiya V.; Alsoub, Hussam; Al-Shokri, Shaikha D. title: Case Report: Paralytic Ileus: A Potential Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0894 sha: doc_id: 331109 cord_uid: a8e7r80d file: cache/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.json key: cord-331105-wdkdc0pw authors: Baral, Stefan David; Mishra, Sharmistha; Diouf, Daouda; Phanuphak, Nittaya; Dowdy, David title: The Public Health Response to COVID-19: Balancing Precaution and Unintended Consequences date: 2020-05-08 journal: Ann Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 331105 cord_uid: wdkdc0pw file: cache/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.json key: cord-330918-hsy8h1vb authors: Song, Jia; Hu, Weihang; Yu, Yihua; Shen, Xin; Wang, Yueben; Yan, Jing; Yang, Xianghong; Gong, Shijin; Wang, Minjia title: A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly and Younger Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: Med Sci Monit DOI: 10.12659/msm.925047 sha: doc_id: 330918 cord_uid: hsy8h1vb file: cache/cord-330998-ttwadtay.json key: cord-330998-ttwadtay authors: Petersen, Fernanda Cristina; Dahle, Ulf Reidar; Nicolau, Belinda; Casals-Pascual, Climent title: COVID-19: Looking Into the Overlooked date: 2020-08-11 journal: Front Mol Biosci DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00165 sha: doc_id: 330998 cord_uid: ttwadtay file: cache/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.json key: cord-331135-4u99yxw2 authors: Arsandaux, J.; Montagni, I.; Macalli, M.; Texier, N.; Pouriel, M.; Germain, R.; Mebarki, A.; Kinouani, S.; Tournier, M.; Schuck, S.; Tzourio, C. title: Higher risk of mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 lockdown among students rather than non-students. The French Confins study date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225706 sha: doc_id: 331135 cord_uid: 4u99yxw2 file: cache/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.json key: cord-331060-b3z1zb4t authors: Cruickshank, Marilyn; Shaban, Ramon Z. title: COVID‐19: Lessons to be learnt from a once‐in‐a‐century global pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Clin Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15365 sha: doc_id: 331060 cord_uid: b3z1zb4t file: cache/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.json key: cord-331075-27ndnqzv authors: Oleribe, Obinna O; Osita-Oleribe, Princess; Salako, Babatunde L; Ishola, Temitope A; Fertleman, Michael; Taylor-Robinson, Simon D title: COVID-19 Experience: Taking the Right Steps at the Right Time to Prevent Avoidable Morbidity and Mortality in Nigeria and Other Nations of the World date: 2020-08-04 journal: Int J Gen Med DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s261256 sha: doc_id: 331075 cord_uid: 27ndnqzv file: cache/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.json key: cord-331120-bp1obxd4 authors: Ho, B.; Ray, A. title: A Case for Palliative Dermatology: COVID-19-related Dermatoses()() date: 2020-06-05 journal: Clin Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 331120 cord_uid: bp1obxd4 file: cache/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.json key: cord-331055-5ni0jxij authors: Bouche, Pierre-Alban; Valteau, Barthelemy; Dumaine, Valerie; Lang, Elena; Michel, Karine; Eyrolle, Luc; Auberger, Guillaume; Anract, Philippe; Hamadouche, Moussa title: Were protective procedures against SARS-CoV-2 effective in an orthopaedic and trauma centre during the lockdown period? A retrospective study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Int Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04729-0 sha: doc_id: 331055 cord_uid: 5ni0jxij file: cache/cord-331094-22366b81.json key: cord-331094-22366b81 authors: Ianevski, Aleksandr; Yao, Rouan; Fenstad, Mona Høysæter; Biza, Svetlana; Zusinaite, Eva; Reisberg, Tuuli; Lysvand, Hilde; Løseth, Kirsti; Landsem, Veslemøy Malm; Malmring, Janne Fossum; Oksenych, Valentyn; Erlandsen, Sten Even; Aas, Per Arne; Hagen, Lars; Pettersen, Caroline H.; Tenson, Tanel; Afset, Jan Egil; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Bjørås, Magnar; Kainov, Denis E. title: Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-06-13 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12060642 sha: doc_id: 331094 cord_uid: 22366b81 file: cache/cord-331130-vr8kczes.json key: cord-331130-vr8kczes authors: Chirico, Francesco; Nucera, Gabriella; Magnavita, Nicola title: Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the “swab” tests date: 2020-05-27 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.254 sha: doc_id: 331130 cord_uid: vr8kczes file: cache/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.json key: cord-330919-dep3v1pt authors: Whyte, Claire S; Morrow, Gael B; Mitchell, Joanne L; Chowdary, Pratima; Mutch, Nicola J title: Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-23 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.14872 sha: doc_id: 330919 cord_uid: dep3v1pt file: cache/cord-331114-lumfg138.json key: cord-331114-lumfg138 authors: Berkman, Samuel A; Tapson, Victor F title: Methodological Issues and Controversies in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: A Tale of Two Storms date: 2020-09-03 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620945398 sha: doc_id: 331114 cord_uid: lumfg138 file: cache/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.json key: cord-331165-2yn1n3eq authors: Tauben, David J.; Langford, Dale J.; Sturgeon, John A.; Rundell, Sean D.; Towle, Cara; Bockman, Christina; Nicholas, Michael title: Optimizing telehealth pain care after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Pain DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002048 sha: doc_id: 331165 cord_uid: 2yn1n3eq file: cache/cord-331092-eocse0xa.json key: cord-331092-eocse0xa authors: Gowrisankar, A.; Rondoni, Lamberto; Banerjee, Santo title: Can India develop herd immunity against COVID-19? date: 2020-06-26 journal: Eur Phys J Plus DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00531-4 sha: doc_id: 331092 cord_uid: eocse0xa file: cache/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.json key: cord-331155-jkm4fuw4 authors: Nakashima, Akiko; Takeya, Mitsue; Kuba, Keiji; Takano, Makoto; Nakashima, Noriyuki title: Virus database annotations assist in tracing information on patients infected with emerging pathogens date: 2020-10-08 journal: Inform Med Unlocked DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100442 sha: doc_id: 331155 cord_uid: jkm4fuw4 file: cache/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.json key: cord-330936-qf4q8yqq authors: Kardeş, Sinan; Kuzu, Ali Suat; Raiker, Rahul; Pakhchanian, Haig; Karagülle, Mine title: Public interest in rheumatic diseases and rheumatologist in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Google Trends date: 2020-10-18 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04728-9 sha: doc_id: 330936 cord_uid: qf4q8yqq file: cache/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.json key: cord-331065-tzvkj2rm authors: Terracciano, Antonio; Stephan, Yannick; Aschwanden, Damaris; Lee, Ji Hyun; Sesker, Amanda A; Strickhouser, Jason E; Luchetti, Martina; Sutin, Angelina R title: Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Gerontologist DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa104 sha: doc_id: 331065 cord_uid: tzvkj2rm file: cache/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.json key: cord-331143-e9h7tq0x authors: Singh, Manish Kumar; Neog, Yadawananda title: Contagion effect of COVID‐19 outbreak: Another recipe for disaster on Indian economy date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2171 sha: doc_id: 331143 cord_uid: e9h7tq0x file: cache/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.json key: cord-331058-ou6vqp7n authors: Chireh, Batholomew; Essien, Samuel Kwaku title: Leveraging best practices: protecting sub-Saharan African prison detainees amid COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.121.24133 sha: doc_id: 331058 cord_uid: ou6vqp7n file: cache/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.json key: cord-331257-z2x1wax0 authors: Yao, Yang; Tian, Yao; Zhou, Jing; Diao, Xin; Cao, Bogan; Pan, Shuang; Di, Ligai; Liu, Yan; Chen, Hui; Xie, Chunxia; Yang, Yuanli; Li, Feiyu; Guo, Yuqi; Wang, Shengyu title: Psychological Status and Influencing Factors of Hospital Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-04 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01841 sha: doc_id: 331257 cord_uid: z2x1wax0 file: cache/cord-331328-qom8vl94.json key: cord-331328-qom8vl94 authors: Gianfrancesco, Milena A; Hyrich, Kimme L; Gossec, Laure; Strangfeld, Anja; Carmona, Loreto; Mateus, Elsa F; Sufka, Paul; Grainger, Rebecca; Wallace, Zachary; Bhana, Suleman; Sirotich, Emily; Liew, Jean; Hausmann, Jonathan S; Costello, Wendy; Robinson, Philip; Machado, Pedro M; Yazdany, Jinoos title: Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries date: 2020-04-16 journal: Lancet Rheumatol DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30095-3 sha: doc_id: 331328 cord_uid: qom8vl94 file: cache/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.json key: cord-331394-zie0tmvt authors: Singh, Surendra title: Data on social and health vulnerability in rural India: A Case of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: Data Brief DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106020 sha: doc_id: 331394 cord_uid: zie0tmvt file: cache/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.json key: cord-331284-uy6xoltj authors: Ponzetto, Antonio; Figura, Natale; Bernardini, Giulia title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers—comment date: 2020-09-17 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02503-z sha: doc_id: 331284 cord_uid: uy6xoltj file: cache/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.json key: cord-331208-bgh1a14p authors: Garcia, M.; Kokkinou, E.; Carrasco Garcia, A.; Parrot, T.; Palma Medina, L. 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I.; Sonnerborg, A.; Aleman, S.; Stralin, K.; Gredmark-Russ, S.; Klingstrom, J.; Mjosberg, J.; Group, the Karolinska KIK COVID-19 Study title: Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211367 sha: doc_id: 331208 cord_uid: bgh1a14p file: cache/cord-331405-1opm5onj.json key: cord-331405-1opm5onj authors: Pessa Valente, Emanuelle; Cruz Vaz da Costa Damásio, Lia; Luz, Leonardo Sérvio; da Silva Pereira, Marília Francisca; Lazzerini, Marzia title: COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave date: 2020-06-17 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010379 sha: doc_id: 331405 cord_uid: 1opm5onj file: cache/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.json key: cord-331378-3nqn48z7 authors: Wand, Anne Pamela Frances; Zhong, Bao-Liang; Chiu, Helen Fung Kum; Draper, Brian; De Leo, Diego title: COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults date: 2020-04-30 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000770 sha: doc_id: 331378 cord_uid: 3nqn48z7 file: cache/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.json key: cord-331230-mp7sdh73 authors: Landy, David C.; Chalmers, Brian P.; Utset-Ward, Thomas J.; Ast, Michael P. title: Public Interest in Knee Replacement Fell During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Google Trends Analysis date: 2020-09-15 journal: HSS J DOI: 10.1007/s11420-020-09794-0 sha: doc_id: 331230 cord_uid: mp7sdh73 file: cache/cord-331193-33cyvidx.json key: cord-331193-33cyvidx authors: Mawhinney, Jamie A; Wilcock, Catherine; Haboubi, Hasan; Roshanzamir, Shahbaz title: Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode date: 2020-06-14 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236123 sha: doc_id: 331193 cord_uid: 33cyvidx file: cache/cord-331206-m938suxh.json key: cord-331206-m938suxh authors: Rodgers, F.; Pepperrell, T.; Keestra, S.; Pilkington, V. title: Missing clinical trial data: the knowledge gap in the safety of potential COVID-19 drugs date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117523 sha: doc_id: 331206 cord_uid: m938suxh file: cache/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.json key: cord-331433-uwbgv0r3 authors: Tringale, Rolando; Subica, Andrew M. title: COVID-19 innovations in medication for addiction treatment at a Skid Row syringe exchange date: 2020-10-21 journal: J Subst Abuse Treat DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108181 sha: doc_id: 331433 cord_uid: uwbgv0r3 file: cache/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.json key: cord-331486-jp4m6ibe authors: Naccarato, Marcello; Scali, Ilario; Olivo, Sasha; Ajčević, Milos; Stella, Alex Buoite; Furlanis, Giovanni; Lugnan, Carlo; Caruso, Paola; Peratoner, Alberto; Cominotto, Franco; Manganotti, Paolo title: Has COVID-19 played an unexpected “stroke” on the chain of survival? date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116889 sha: doc_id: 331486 cord_uid: jp4m6ibe file: cache/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.json key: cord-331273-1fixwxuo authors: Abejón González, David; Monzón, Eva M; Deer, Tim; Hagedorn, Jonathan M.; Araujo, Ricardo; Abad, Cristina; Rios, Alberto; Zamora, Alejandro; Vallejo, Ricardo title: How to restart the interventional activity in the COVID‐19 era. The experience of a private Pain Unit in Spain date: 2020-09-23 journal: Pain Pract DOI: 10.1111/papr.12951 sha: doc_id: 331273 cord_uid: 1fixwxuo file: cache/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.json key: cord-331472-kd4uxcve authors: Shahid, Zainab; Kalayanamitra, Ricci; McClafferty, Brendan; Kepko, Douglas; Ramgobin, Devyani; Patel, Ravi; Aggarwal, Chander Shekher; Vunnam, Ramarao; Sahu, Nitasa; Bhatt, Dhirisha; Jones, Kirk; Golamari, Reshma; Jain, Rohit title: COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16472 sha: doc_id: 331472 cord_uid: kd4uxcve file: cache/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.json key: cord-331477-2x9szmjc authors: Warnakulasuriya, Saman title: Protecting dental manpower from COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-06-01 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13410 sha: doc_id: 331477 cord_uid: 2x9szmjc file: cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.json key: cord-331487-jh34klbg authors: Sivapalan, Pradeesh; Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli; Bojesen, Rasmus Dahlin; Lapperre, Therese Sophie; Eklöf, Josefin Viktoria; Håkansson, Kjell Erik Julius; Browatzki, Andrea; Tidemansen, Casper; Wilcke, Jon Torgny; Janner, Julie; Gottlieb, Vibeke; Meteran, Howraman; Porsbjerg, Celeste; Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard; Moberg, Mia; Pedersen, Lars; Benfield, Thomas Lars; Lundgren, Jens Dilling; Knop, Filip Krag; Biering-Sørensen, Tor; Ghanizada, Muzhda; Sonne, Tine Peick; Bødtger, Uffe Christian Steinholtz; Jensen, Sidse Graff; Rasmussen, Daniel Bech; Brøndum, Eva; Tupper, Oliver Djurhuus; Sørensen, Susanne Wiemann; Alstrup, Gitte; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg; Møller, Ulla Weinrich; Sverrild, Asger; Jensen, Jens-Ulrik Stæhr title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9 sha: doc_id: 331487 cord_uid: jh34klbg file: cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.json key: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc authors: Al-Ani, Fatimah; Chehade, Samer; Lazo-Langner, Alejandro title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039 sha: doc_id: 331481 cord_uid: zeaqi1uc file: cache/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.json key: cord-331519-ye4dtna5 authors: Garibaldi, B. T.; Fiksel, J.; Muschelli, J.; Robinson, M. L.; Rouhizadeh, M.; Nagy, P.; Gray, J. H.; Malapati, H.; Ghobadi-Krueger, M.; Niessen, T. M.; Kim, B. S.; Hill, P. M.; Ahmed, M. S.; Dobkin, E. D.; Blanding, R.; Abele, J.; Woods, B.; Harkness, K.; Thiemann, D. R.; Bowring, M. G.; Shah, A. B.; Wang, M. C.; Bandeen-Roche, K.; Rosen, A.; Zeger, S. L.; Gupta, A. title: Patient trajectories and risk factors for severe outcomes among persons hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Maryland/DC region date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111864 sha: doc_id: 331519 cord_uid: ye4dtna5 file: cache/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.json key: cord-331427-lwpjj3b9 authors: Faulkner, J.; O'Brien, W.; McGrane, B.; Wadsworth, D.; Batten, J.; Askew, C. 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J.; Mellacheruvu, P.; Monsivais, P. title: Data-Driven Development of a Small-Area COVID-19 Vulnerability Index for the United States date: 2020-08-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 sha: doc_id: 331815 cord_uid: 518wljiy file: cache/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.json key: cord-331869-dm8ri6xf authors: Lau, Louis HS.; Wong, Sunny H.; Yip, Terry CF.; Wong, Grace LH.; Wong, Vincent WS.; Sung, Joseph JY. title: Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong date: 2020-07-25 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.042 sha: doc_id: 331869 cord_uid: dm8ri6xf file: cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.json key: cord-331666-iwkuwnun authors: Schweitzer, Wolf; Ruder, Thomas; Baumeister, Rilana; Bolliger, Stephan; Thali, Michael; Meixner, Eva; Ampanozi, Garyfalia title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 journal: Forensic Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200378 sha: doc_id: 331666 cord_uid: iwkuwnun file: cache/cord-331879-w7008uyy.json key: cord-331879-w7008uyy authors: Iversen, Jenny; Sabin, Keith; Chang, Judy; Morgan Thomas, Ruth; Prestage, Garrett; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Maher, Lisa title: COVID‐19, HIV and key populations: cross‐cutting issues and the need for population‐specific responses date: 2020-10-01 journal: J Int AIDS Soc DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25632 sha: doc_id: 331879 cord_uid: w7008uyy file: cache/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.json key: cord-331547-uqmjhhna authors: Bonalumi, Giorgia; Giambuzzi, Ilaria; Barbone, Alessandro; Ranieri, Camilla; Cavallotti, Laura; Trabattoni, Piero; Naliato, Moreno; Polvani, Gianluca; Torracca, Lucia; Pelenghi, Stefano; Ragni, Franco; Russo, Claudio Francesco; Guerra, Francisco; Trimarchi, Santi; Civilini, Efrem; Romani, Federico; Bellosta, Raffaello; Losa, Sergio; Roberto, Maurizio; Alamanni, Francesco title: A call to action becomes practice: cardiac and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Lombardy emergency guidelines date: 2020-06-25 journal: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa204 sha: doc_id: 331547 cord_uid: uqmjhhna file: cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.json key: cord-331533-0toegbv8 authors: Leiker, Brenna; Wise, Katherine title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 journal: Dis Mon DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101060 sha: doc_id: 331533 cord_uid: 0toegbv8 file: cache/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.json key: cord-331858-oz4mvyw8 authors: Kifer, D.; Bugada, D.; Villar-Garcia, J.; Gudelj, I.; Menni, C.; Sudre, C. 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M.; Posso, M.; Horcajada, J.; Castells, X.; Allegri, M.; Prim, title: Effects of environmental factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.11.20147157 sha: doc_id: 331858 cord_uid: oz4mvyw8 file: cache/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.json key: cord-331891-a6b1xanm authors: Cozzi, Diletta; Albanesi, Marco; Cavigli, Edoardo; Moroni, Chiara; Bindi, Alessandra; Luvarà, Silvia; Lucarini, Silvia; Busoni, Simone; Mazzoni, Lorenzo Nicola; Miele, Vittorio title: Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome date: 2020-06-09 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01232-9 sha: doc_id: 331891 cord_uid: a6b1xanm file: cache/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.json key: cord-331785-ljsd8qld authors: nan title: A Systematic Framework to Rapidly Obtain Data on Patients with Cancer and COVID-19:CCC19 Governance, Protocol, and Quality Assurance date: 2020-10-29 journal: Cancer Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 331785 cord_uid: ljsd8qld file: cache/cord-331995-7113c613.json key: cord-331995-7113c613 authors: Niles, P. 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M.; Tayza, H.; Win, T. T.; Tun, Y. M.; Aung, M. M.; Win, Y. N.; Tun, K. 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W.; Kraus, F.; Weibel, D. title: Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100313 sha: doc_id: 332085 cord_uid: s58sd8e4 file: cache/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.json key: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq authors: Lee, Jeong Seok; Park, Seongwan; Jeong, Hye Won; Ahn, Jin Young; Choi, Seong Jin; Lee, Hoyoung; Choi, Baekgyu; Nam, Su Kyung; Sa, Moa; Kwon, Ji-Soo; Jeong, Su Jin; Lee, Heung Kyu; Park, Sung Ho; Park, Su-Hyung; Choi, Jun Yong; Kim, Sung-Han; Jung, Inkyung; Shin, Eui-Cheol title: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Sci Immunol DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554 sha: doc_id: 332071 cord_uid: bqvn3ceq file: cache/cord-332087-xwturwju.json key: cord-332087-xwturwju authors: McGlynn, Fergal; McGrath, Jennifer; Varghese, Chithra; Ryan, Barbara; McHugh, Johnny; Fahy, Arabella; Enright, Helen title: Argatroban for therapeutic anticoagulation for heparin resistance associated with Covid-19 infection date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02251-z sha: doc_id: 332087 cord_uid: xwturwju file: cache/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.json key: cord-331947-s97h7sxj authors: Deng, H.-J.; Long, Q.-X.; Liu, B.-Z.; Ren, J.-H.; Liao, P.; Qiu, J.-F.; Tang, X.-J.; Zhang, Y.; Tang, N.; Xu, Y.-Y.; Mo, Z.; Chen, J.; Hu, J.; Huang, A.-L. title: Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 sha: doc_id: 331947 cord_uid: s97h7sxj file: cache/cord-331910-s474ecvk.json key: cord-331910-s474ecvk authors: Thota, Sai Manohar; Balan, Venkatesh; Sivaramakrishnan, Venketesh title: Natural products as home‐based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-17 journal: Phytother Res DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794 sha: doc_id: 331910 cord_uid: s474ecvk file: cache/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.json key: cord-332100-l3r7qxxm authors: Wu, Chaomin; Hu, Xianglin; Song, Jianxin; Yang, Dong; Xu, Jie; Cheng, Kebin; Chen, Dechang; Zhong, Ming; Jiang, Jinjun; Xiong, Weining; Lang, Ke; Tao, Yan; Lin, Xiaoqin; Shi, Guohua; Lu, Liwen; Pan, Longci; Xu, Lei; Zhou, Xin; Song, Yuanlin; Wei, Ming; Zheng, Junhua; Du, Chunling title: Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID‐19 survivors in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-05 journal: Clin Transl Med DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.52 sha: doc_id: 332100 cord_uid: l3r7qxxm file: cache/cord-332074-s824m91f.json key: cord-332074-s824m91f authors: Caillet, Anaëlle; Coste, Charlotte; Sanchez, Rocio; Allaouchiche, Bernard title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date: 2020-09-29 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.006 sha: doc_id: 332074 cord_uid: s824m91f file: cache/cord-332179-du1zjupf.json key: cord-332179-du1zjupf authors: Sayed, Shomoita title: COVID-19 and Diabetes; possible role of polymorphism and rise of telemedicine date: 2020-08-31 journal: Prim Care Diabetes DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.08.018 sha: doc_id: 332179 cord_uid: du1zjupf file: cache/cord-332150-j76726no.json key: cord-332150-j76726no authors: De Stefano, Ludovico; Bobbio-Pallavicini, Francesca; Manzo, Antonio; Montecucco, Carlomaurizio; Bugatti, Serena title: A “Window of Therapeutic Opportunity” for Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572635 sha: doc_id: 332150 cord_uid: j76726no file: cache/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.json key: cord-332109-ont0tqpn authors: Wei, Yufeng; Shah, Rameen title: Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications date: 2020-07-18 journal: Pharmaceuticals (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ph13070155 sha: doc_id: 332109 cord_uid: ont0tqpn file: cache/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.json key: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs authors: Drury, John; Reicher, Stephen; Stott, Clifford title: COVID‐19 in context: Why do people die in emergencies? It’s probably not because of collective psychology date: 2020-06-16 journal: Br J Soc Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12393 sha: doc_id: 332110 cord_uid: 6fmc5mbs file: cache/cord-332118-jg80szw7.json key: cord-332118-jg80szw7 authors: Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo; Ramírez-Vargas, Guillermo; Avellaneda-López, Ylenia; Orellana-Pecino, J. Ignacio; García-Marín, Esperanza; Díaz-Jimenez, Jara title: Eating Habits and Physical Activity of the Spanish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period date: 2020-09-15 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12092826 sha: doc_id: 332118 cord_uid: jg80szw7 file: cache/cord-332160-dytr70pi.json key: cord-332160-dytr70pi authors: Wang, Biao title: The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 journal: Neurospine DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040206.103 sha: doc_id: 332160 cord_uid: dytr70pi file: cache/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.json key: cord-332194-97tkyv3w authors: Barrett, Peter M; Bambury, Niamh; Kelly, Louise; Condon, Rosalind; Crompton, Janice; Sheahan, Anne title: Measuring the effectiveness of an automated text messaging active surveillance system for COVID-19 in the south of Ireland, March to April 2020 date: 2020-06-11 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.23.2000972 sha: doc_id: 332194 cord_uid: 97tkyv3w file: cache/cord-332204-24e2kcas.json key: cord-332204-24e2kcas authors: Post, Adrian; Dullaart, Robin P.F.; Bakker, Stephan J.L. title: Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-04-08 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 332204 cord_uid: 24e2kcas file: cache/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.json key: cord-332153-fczf3lzc authors: Azkur, Ahmet Kursat; Akdis, Mübeccel; Azkur, Dilek; Sokolowska, Milena; van de Veen, Willem; Brüggen, Marie‐Charlotte; O'Mahony, Liam; Gao, Yadong; Nadeau, Kari; Akdis, Cezmi A. title: Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-12 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14364 sha: doc_id: 332153 cord_uid: fczf3lzc file: cache/cord-332108-6riu44fw.json key: cord-332108-6riu44fw authors: Alanezi, Fahad; Aljahdali, Anan; Alyousef, Seham; Alrashed, Hebah; Alshaikh, Wyam; Mushcab, Hayat; Alanzi, Turki title: Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00494 sha: doc_id: 332108 cord_uid: 6riu44fw file: cache/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.json key: cord-332180-dw4h69tp authors: Cheng, Fu-Yuan; Joshi, Himanshu; Tandon, Pranai; Freeman, Robert; Reich, David L; Mazumdar, Madhu; Kohli-Seth, Roopa; Levin, Matthew A.; Timsina, Prem; Kia, Arash title: Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061668 sha: doc_id: 332180 cord_uid: dw4h69tp file: cache/cord-332268-x30svp5y.json key: cord-332268-x30svp5y authors: Bearden, Donna M.; Aiken, Patricia B.; Cheng, Yu Hsin; Mai, Emily; Peters, Timothy M. title: COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers date: 2020-05-20 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01678-x sha: doc_id: 332268 cord_uid: x30svp5y file: cache/cord-332218-4bumy47f.json key: cord-332218-4bumy47f authors: Rosenthal, Jamie A.; Awan, Seemal F.; Fintzi, Jonathan; Keswani, Anjeni; Ein, Daniel title: Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 332218 cord_uid: 4bumy47f file: cache/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.json key: cord-332241-rvvzl6y1 authors: Chen, Tz‐Heng; Wen, Yu‐Hua; Chen, Chun‐Fan; Tan, Ann Charis; Chen, Yung‐Tai; Chen, Fan‐Yu; Lin, Chih‐Ching title: The advantages of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-16 journal: Semin Dial DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12903 sha: doc_id: 332241 cord_uid: rvvzl6y1 file: cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.json key: cord-332145-rw16o02g authors: Chen, Patrick M.; Hemmen, Thomas M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 sha: doc_id: 332145 cord_uid: rw16o02g file: cache/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.json key: cord-332333-vw5ogccq authors: Montenegro-López, Diego title: Uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención para el manejo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia date: 2020-08-14 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.97 sha: doc_id: 332333 cord_uid: vw5ogccq file: cache/cord-332234-6jursf4h.json key: cord-332234-6jursf4h authors: Diaferio, Lucia; Parisi, Giuseppe Fabio; Brindisi, Giulia; Indolfi, Cristiana; Marchese, Giuseppe; Ghiglioni, Daniele Giovanni; Zicari, Anna Maria; Marseglia, Gian Luigi; Miraglia del Giudice, Michele title: Cross-sectional survey on impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians: report from the SIAIP rhino-sinusitis and conjunctivitis committee date: 2020-10-06 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00906-4 sha: doc_id: 332234 cord_uid: 6jursf4h file: cache/cord-332373-yqcysn27.json key: cord-332373-yqcysn27 authors: Lingamaneni, Prasanth; Gonakoti, Sriram; Moturi, Krishna; Vohra, Ishaan; Zia, Maryam title: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep DOI: 10.1177/2324709620944091 sha: doc_id: 332373 cord_uid: yqcysn27 file: cache/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.json key: cord-332481-y0rd70ry authors: Ljubic, T.; Banovac, A.; Buljan, I.; Jerkovic, I.; Basic, Z.; Kruzic, I.; Kolic, A.; Kolombatovic, R. R.; Marusic, A.; Andjelinovic, S. title: The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia date: 2020-06-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20131482 sha: doc_id: 332481 cord_uid: y0rd70ry file: cache/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.json key: cord-332245-yfj1kkj7 authors: nan title: SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ1 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Padiatr Padol DOI: 10.1007/s00608-020-00794-1 sha: doc_id: 332245 cord_uid: yfj1kkj7 file: cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.json key: cord-332314-nukv34fh authors: Bartoszek, Krzysztof; Guidotti, Emanuele; Iacus, Stefano Maria; Okrój, Marcin title: Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date: 2020-06-26 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05761-w sha: doc_id: 332314 cord_uid: nukv34fh file: cache/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.json key: cord-332503-3h4fovqx authors: Hui, Dawn S.; Calhoon, John H. title: On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 journal: Ann Thorac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 332503 cord_uid: 3h4fovqx file: cache/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.json key: cord-332175-d5suvj8g authors: Allen, Jawara title: My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 Is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa178 sha: doc_id: 332175 cord_uid: d5suvj8g file: cache/cord-332348-yi85sfks.json key: cord-332348-yi85sfks authors: Liang, Yujie; Xu, Jiabin; Chu, Mei; Mai, Jianbo; Lai, Niangmei; Tang, Wen; Yang, Tuanjie; Zhang, Sien; Guan, Chenyu; Zhong, Fan; Yang, Liuping; Liao, Guiqing title: Neurosensory dysfunction: a diagnostic marker of early COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.086 sha: doc_id: 332348 cord_uid: yi85sfks file: cache/cord-332561-n2ghm318.json key: cord-332561-n2ghm318 authors: Noordzij, Marlies; Duivenvoorden, Raphaël; Pena, Michelle J; de Vries, Hanne; Kieneker, Lyanne M title: ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 journal: Nephrol Dial Transplant DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa179 sha: doc_id: 332561 cord_uid: n2ghm318 file: cache/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.json key: cord-332480-3uodkrkp authors: Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy; Kaveri, Srini V.; Sakuntabhai, Anavaj; Gilardin, Laurent; Bayry, Jagadeesh title: Adjunct immunotherapies for the management of severely ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 journal: Cell reports medicine DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100016 sha: doc_id: 332480 cord_uid: 3uodkrkp file: cache/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.json key: cord-332559-2r2gavbq authors: Kajdy, Anna; Feduniw, Stepan; Ajdacka, Urszula; Modzelewski, Jan; Baranowska, Barbara; Sys, Dorota; Pokropek, Artur; Pawlicka, Paulina; Kaźmierczak, Maria; Rabijewski, Michał; Jasiak, Hanna; Lewandowska, Roksana; Borowski, Dariusz; Kwiatkowski, Sebastian; Poon, Liona C. title: Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-07-24 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021279 sha: doc_id: 332559 cord_uid: 2r2gavbq file: cache/cord-332682-c6iql84p.json key: cord-332682-c6iql84p authors: Liesman, Daniel R; Pumiglia, Luke; Kemp, Michael T; Alam, Hasan B title: Perspectives From Rising Fourth Year Medical Students Regarding Strategies to Counteract the Effects of COVID-19 on Medical Education date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Med Educ Curric Dev DOI: 10.1177/2382120520940659 sha: doc_id: 332682 cord_uid: c6iql84p file: cache/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.json key: cord-332547-m9mb3c22 authors: Iravani, Behzad; Arshamian, Artin; Ravia, Aharon; Mishor, Eva; Snitz, Kobi; Shushan, Sagit; Roth, Yehudah; Perl, Ofer; Honigstein, Danielle; Weissgross, Reut; Karagach, Shiri; Ernst, Gernot; Okamoto, Masako; Mainen, Zachary; Monteleone, Erminio; Dinnella, Caterina; Spinelli, Sara; Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin; Ferdenzi, Camille; Smeets, Monique; Touhara, Kazushige; Bensafi, Moustafa; Hummel, Thomas; Sobel, Noam; Lundström, Johan N title: Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population date: 2020-05-22 journal: Chem Senses DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034 sha: doc_id: 332547 cord_uid: m9mb3c22 file: cache/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.json key: cord-332292-n7k4va9k authors: Yen, Yung-Feng; Lai, Hsin-Hao; Chan, Shang-Yih; Yi-Fong Su, Vincent; Chiu, Ting-Fang; Huang, Chiao-Yu; Hung, Chia-Chun; Kuo, Tzu-Ling; Lee, Ya-Ling; Chu, Dachen title: Olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.010 sha: doc_id: 332292 cord_uid: n7k4va9k file: cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.json key: cord-332579-7950xjmv authors: Aravena, J. M.; Aceituno, C.; Nyhan, K.; Shi, K.; Vermund, S.; Levy, B. R. title: 'Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date: 2020-06-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 sha: doc_id: 332579 cord_uid: 7950xjmv file: cache/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.json key: cord-332650-05oz5zwz authors: Fiorelli, Silvia; Massullo, Domenico; Ibrahim, Mohsen; Piccioni, Federico; Andreetti, Claudio; Vanni, Camilla; Rocco, Monica; Rendina, Erino Angelo; Menna, Cecilia title: Perspectives in surgical and anaesthetic management of lung cancer in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-26 journal: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa295 sha: doc_id: 332650 cord_uid: 05oz5zwz file: cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.json key: cord-332729-f1e334g0 authors: Shah, Nirav R.; Lai, Debbie; Wang, C. Jason title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 sha: doc_id: 332729 cord_uid: f1e334g0 file: cache/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.json key: cord-332592-bfqsyiyf authors: Goette, Andreas; Patscheke, Markus; Henschke, Frank; Hammwöhner, Matthias title: COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation date: 2020-09-26 journal: TH Open DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716717 sha: doc_id: 332592 cord_uid: bfqsyiyf file: cache/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.json key: cord-332420-9vyik2e9 authors: Probst, Thomas; Humer, Elke; Stippl, Peter; Pieh, Christoph title: Being a Psychotherapist in Times of the Novel Coronavirus Disease: Stress-Level, Job Anxiety, and Fear of Coronavirus Disease Infection in More Than 1,500 Psychotherapists in Austria date: 2020-09-29 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559100 sha: doc_id: 332420 cord_uid: 9vyik2e9 file: cache/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.json key: cord-332703-ohzkpbwy authors: Hui, Jane Yuet Ching; Yuan, Jianling; Teoh, Deanna; Thomaier, Lauren; Jewett, Patricia; Beckwith, Heather; Parsons, Helen; Lou, Emil; Blaes, Anne H.; Vogel, Rachel I. title: Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a National Physician Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-08-25 journal: Am J Clin Oncol DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000757 sha: doc_id: 332703 cord_uid: ohzkpbwy file: cache/cord-332541-mntietmw.json key: cord-332541-mntietmw authors: Yang, Tianan; Shi, Hubin; Liu, Jiahao; Deng, Jianwei title: Lessons Learnt from China: National Multidisciplinary Healthcare Assistance date: 2020-09-30 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269523 sha: doc_id: 332541 cord_uid: mntietmw file: cache/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.json key: cord-332824-a2mjkz83 authors: Finnerty, Dylan T.; Buggy, Donal J. title: A potential novel role for lidocaine in Covid- 19 patients? date: 2020-07-23 journal: Br J Anaesth DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.015 sha: doc_id: 332824 cord_uid: a2mjkz83 file: cache/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.json key: cord-332496-xxz6qd3i authors: Jiménez, Óliver; Sánchez-Sánchez, Laura C.; García-Montes, José M. title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation date: 2020-09-11 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186642 sha: doc_id: 332496 cord_uid: xxz6qd3i file: cache/cord-332573-pltz5viz.json key: cord-332573-pltz5viz authors: Lieberman, Joshua A; Nester, Theresa; Emrich, Brooke; Staley, Elizabeth M; Bourassa, Lori A; Tsang, Hamilton C title: Coping With COVID-19: Emerging Medical Student Clinical Pathology Education in the Pacific Northwest in the Face of a Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 journal: Am J Clin Pathol DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa152 sha: doc_id: 332573 cord_uid: pltz5viz file: cache/cord-332680-zfn81hew.json key: cord-332680-zfn81hew authors: Chan, Chieh-Kai; Huang, Yu-Shan; Liao, Hung-Wei; Tsai, I-Jung; Sun, Chiao-Yin; Pan, Heng-Chih; Chueh, Jeff S.; Wang, Jann-Tay; Wu, Vin-Cent; Chu, Tzong-Shinn title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-10 journal: Hypertension DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15989 sha: doc_id: 332680 cord_uid: zfn81hew file: cache/cord-332774-t5untewz.json key: cord-332774-t5untewz authors: Vaccaro, Alexander R.; Getz, Charles L.; Cohen, Bruce E.; Cole, Brian J.; Donnally, Chester J. title: Practice Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Am Acad Orthop Surg DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00379 sha: doc_id: 332774 cord_uid: t5untewz file: cache/cord-332678-yk1stlty.json key: cord-332678-yk1stlty authors: Baldacini, Mathieu; Pop, Raoul; Sattler, Laurent; Mauvieux, Laurent; Bilger, Karin; Gantzer, Justine; Schneider, Francis; Beaujeux, Remy; Simand, Célestine; Herbrecht, Raoul title: Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia date: 2020-05-26 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16768 sha: doc_id: 332678 cord_uid: yk1stlty file: cache/cord-332454-fays5l5d.json key: cord-332454-fays5l5d authors: Casas-Rojo, J M; Antón-Santos, J M; Millán-Núñez-Cortés, J.; Lumbreras-Bermejo, C.; Ramos-Rincón, J M; Roy-Vallejo, E.; Artero-Mora, A.; Arnalich-Fernández, F.; García-Bruñén, J M; Vargas-Núñez, J A; Freire-Castro, S J; Manzano-Espinosa, L.; Perales-Fraile, I.; Crestelo-Viéitez, A.; Puchades-Gimeno, F.; Rodilla-Sala, E.; Solís-Marquínez, M N; Bonet-Tur, D.; Fidalgo-Moreno, M P; Fonseca Aizpuru, E M; Carrasco-Sánchez, F J; Rabadán-Pejenaute, E.; Rubio-Rivas, M.; Torres-Peña, J D; Gómez-Huelgas, R. title: Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 journal: Rev Clin Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 332454 cord_uid: fays5l5d file: cache/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.json key: cord-332784-xkc89uaz authors: Mishra, Shashank Shekhar; Ranjan, Shashi; Sharma, Chandra Shekhar; Singh, Hemendra Pratap; Kalra, Sourav; Kumar, Neeraj title: Computational investigation of potential inhibitors of novel coronavirus 2019 through structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics and density functional theory studies date: 2020-07-15 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1791957 sha: doc_id: 332784 cord_uid: xkc89uaz file: cache/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.json key: cord-332625-3rvis2gy authors: Modell, Stephen M.; Kardia, Sharon L. R. title: Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date: 2020-06-16 journal: J Relig Health DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 sha: doc_id: 332625 cord_uid: 3rvis2gy file: cache/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.json key: cord-332716-1d89j7jh authors: Choi, Marcelo; Aiello, Ernesto Alejandro; Ennis, Irene L.; Villa-Abrille, María Celeste title: El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver date: 2020-05-27 journal: Hipertens Riesgo Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 332716 cord_uid: 1d89j7jh file: cache/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.json key: cord-332970-atwz3rgf authors: Gentile, Pietro; Sterodimas, Aris title: Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease date: 2020-05-09 journal: Aging Dis DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0422 sha: doc_id: 332970 cord_uid: atwz3rgf file: cache/cord-332673-av2vt54r.json key: cord-332673-av2vt54r authors: Alwashmi, Meshari F. title: The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082906 sha: doc_id: 332673 cord_uid: av2vt54r file: cache/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.json key: cord-332940-vb9ds64o authors: Cho, Jiacai; Kandane‐Rathnayake, Rangi; Louthrenoo, Worawit; Hoi, Alberta; Golder, Vera; Chen, Yi‐Hsing; Luo, Shue Fen; Wu, Yeong‐Jian Jan; Hamijoyo, Laniyati; Lau, Chak Sing; Navarra, Sandra; Zamora, Leonid; Tee, Michael; Flora, Angelito; Li, Zhan‐Guo; An, Yuan; Sockalingam, Sargunan; Katsumata, Yasuhiro; Harigai, Masayoshi; Hao, Yanjie; Zhang, Zhuoli; Kikuchi, Jun; Takeuchi, Tsutomu; Basnayake, Duminda; Goldblatt, Fiona; Chan, Madelynn; Ng, Kristine Pek Ling; Bae, Sang‐Cheol; Oon, Shereen; O’Neill, Sean; Gibson, Kathy; Kumar, Sunil; Law, Annie Hui Nee; Tugnet, Nicola; Tanaka, Yoshiya; Nikpour, Mandy; Morand, Eric; Lateef, Aisha title: COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration date: 2020-08-25 journal: Int J Rheum Dis DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13937 sha: doc_id: 332940 cord_uid: vb9ds64o file: cache/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.json key: cord-332924-u6acq4mg authors: Sibiri, Hagan; Prah, David; Zankawah, Sanusi Mumuni title: Containing the impact of COVID-19: Review of Ghana's response approach date: 2020-11-04 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.10.015 sha: doc_id: 332924 cord_uid: u6acq4mg file: cache/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.json key: cord-332828-a4ck2ddp authors: Alboaneen, Dabiah; Pranggono, Bernardi; Alshammari, Dhahi; Alqahtani, Nourah; Alyaffer, Raja title: Predicting the Epidemiological Outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-06-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124568 sha: doc_id: 332828 cord_uid: a4ck2ddp file: cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.json key: cord-332932-mq36xpai authors: Wood, David A.; Mahmud, Ehtisham; Thourani, Vinod H.; Sathananthan, Janarthanan; Virani, Alice; Poppas, Athena; Harrington, Robert A.; Dearani, Joseph A.; Swaminathan, Madhav; Russo, Andrea M.; Blankstein, Ron; Dorbala, Sharmila; Carr, James; Virani, Sean; Gin, Kenneth; Packard, Alan; Dilsizian, Vasken; Légaré, Jean-François; Leipsic, Jonathon; Webb, John G.; Krahn, Andrew D. title: Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.063 sha: doc_id: 332932 cord_uid: mq36xpai file: cache/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.json key: cord-332827-gll4nqdd authors: Peixe, Paula; Calinas, Filipe; Tato Marinho, Rui title: Hepatology in the COVID Era: Another C Virus, again Challenging the Liver date: 2020-04-30 journal: GE Port J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1159/000508116 sha: doc_id: 332827 cord_uid: gll4nqdd file: cache/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.json key: cord-332733-rnq4z2yz authors: Su, Jinghua; Chen, Xiyuan; Yang, Ning; Sun, Meng; Zhou, Liang title: Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-07-23 journal: BJPsych Open DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.59 sha: doc_id: 332733 cord_uid: rnq4z2yz file: cache/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.json key: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf authors: de Vries, A. A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists date: 2020-07-15 journal: Neth Heart J DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01475-1 sha: doc_id: 332992 cord_uid: 8rmqg4rf file: cache/cord-332709-0plblo4k.json key: cord-332709-0plblo4k authors: Zodda, David; Hanson, Allyson; Berns, Alyssa title: Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 journal: Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.6.48456 sha: doc_id: 332709 cord_uid: 0plblo4k file: cache/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.json key: cord-332942-l0tbak9l authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Macrolides for patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection date: 2020-10-16 journal: Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115245 sha: doc_id: 332942 cord_uid: l0tbak9l file: cache/cord-332983-d28oovm2.json key: cord-332983-d28oovm2 authors: Siudak, Zbigniew; Grygier, Marek; Wojakowski, Wojciech; Malinowski, Krzysztof P.; Witkowski, Adam; Gąsior, Mariusz; Dudek, Dariusz; Bartuś, Stanisław title: Clinical and procedural characteristics of COVID‐19 patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions date: 2020-07-20 journal: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29134 sha: doc_id: 332983 cord_uid: d28oovm2 file: cache/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.json key: cord-332778-rf47ptj6 authors: Vivarelli, Silvia; Falzone, Luca; Grillo, Caterina Maria; Scandurra, Giuseppa; Torino, Francesco; Libra, Massimo title: Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Cancers (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082237 sha: doc_id: 332778 cord_uid: rf47ptj6 file: cache/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.json key: cord-333083-8bxqsga2 authors: Zhou, Shuchang; Zhu, Tingting; Wang, Yujing; Xia, LiMing title: Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-04 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06879-6 sha: doc_id: 333083 cord_uid: 8bxqsga2 file: cache/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.json key: cord-332577-2z5pchyq authors: Adolph, C.; Amano, K.; Bang-Jensen, B.; Fullman, N.; Magistro, B.; Reinke, G.; Wilkerson, J. title: Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185371 sha: doc_id: 332577 cord_uid: 2z5pchyq file: cache/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.json key: cord-332795-kcvj1kmx authors: Martín Carreras‐Presas, Carmen; Amaro Sánchez, Juan; López‐Sánchez, Antonio Francisco; Jané‐Salas, Enric; Somacarrera Pérez, Maria Luisa title: SARS‐CoV‐2 oral associated lesions: discussion of elicited response date: 2020-07-04 journal: Oral Dis DOI: 10.1111/odi.13532 sha: doc_id: 332795 cord_uid: kcvj1kmx file: cache/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.json key: cord-332862-2knq5vdp authors: Barbosa, Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto; Bitencourt, Almir Galvão Vieira; de Miranda, Gabriel Diaz; Almeida, Maria Fernanda Arruda; Chojniak, Rubens title: Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center date: 2020 journal: Radiol Bras DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0040 sha: doc_id: 332862 cord_uid: 2knq5vdp file: cache/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.json key: cord-333096-kroyaq5v authors: Cao, Lan; Zhang, Lina; Wang, Xiaoting title: Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-15 journal: Intensive Crit Care Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102918 sha: doc_id: 333096 cord_uid: kroyaq5v file: cache/cord-332995-n0zusu52.json key: cord-332995-n0zusu52 authors: Gao, Jinrui; Huang, Xiu; Gu, Haibo; Lou, Lingyun; Xu, Zhihao title: Predictive criteria of severe cases in COVID‐19 patients of early stage: A retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-06 journal: J Clin Lab Anal DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23562 sha: doc_id: 332995 cord_uid: n0zusu52 file: cache/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.json key: cord-333121-kt6t41ff authors: Kwenandar, Felix; Valeriani Japar, Karunia; Damay, Vika; Ivan Hariyanto, Timotius; Tanaka, Michael; Pratama Hardjito Lugito, Nata; Kurniawan, Andree title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-03 journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100557 sha: doc_id: 333121 cord_uid: kt6t41ff file: cache/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.json key: cord-333164-1iiwhmkm authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Gupta, Ritesh; Misra, Anoop title: Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) date: 2020-05-23 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.030 sha: doc_id: 333164 cord_uid: 1iiwhmkm file: cache/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.json key: cord-332979-eln7n6zb authors: Ciminelli, G.; Garcia-Mandico, S. title: How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date: 2020-10-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20221085 sha: doc_id: 332979 cord_uid: eln7n6zb file: cache/cord-333042-icgsbelo.json key: cord-333042-icgsbelo authors: Fisher, Kiva A.; Tenforde, Mark W.; Feldstein, Leora R.; Lindsell, Christopher J.; Shapiro, Nathan I.; Files, D. Clark; Gibbs, Kevin W.; Erickson, Heidi L.; Prekker, Matthew E.; Steingrub, Jay S.; Exline, Matthew C.; Henning, Daniel J.; Wilson, Jennifer G.; Brown, Samuel M.; Peltan, Ithan D.; Rice, Todd W.; Hager, David N.; Ginde, Adit A.; Talbot, H. Keipp; Casey, Jonathan D.; Grijalva, Carlos G.; Flannery, Brendan; Patel, Manish M.; Self, Wesley H.; Hart, Kimberly W.; McClellan, Robert; Tan, Hsi-nien; Baughman, Adrienne; Hennesy, Nora A.; Grear, Brittany; Wu, Michael; Mlynarczyk, Kristin; Marzano, Luc; Plata, Zuwena; Caplan, Alexis; Olson, Samantha M.; Ogokeh, Constance E.; Smith, Emily R.; Kim, Sara S.; Griggs, Eric P.; Richards, Bridget; Robinson, Sonya; Kim, Kaylee; Kassem, Ahmed M.; Sciarratta, Courtney N.; Marcet, Paula L. title: Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults ≥18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities — United States, July 2020 date: 2020-09-11 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6936a5 sha: doc_id: 333042 cord_uid: icgsbelo file: cache/cord-333131-affb4yln.json key: cord-333131-affb4yln authors: Jacob, Joseph; Alexander, Daniel; Baillie, J. Kenneth; Berka, Rosalind; Bertolli, Ottavia; Blackwood, James; Buchan, Iain; Bloomfield, Claire; Cushnan, Dominic; Docherty, Annemarie; Edey, Anthony; Favaro, Alberto; Gleeson, Fergus; Halling-Brown, Mark; Hare, Samanjit; Jefferson, Emily; Johnstone, Annette; Kirby, Myles; Mcstay, Ruth; Nair, Arjun; Openshaw, Peter J.M.; Parker, Geoff; Reilly, Gerry; Robinson, Graham; Roditi, Giles; Rodrigues, Jonathan C.L.; Sebire, Neil; Semple, Malcolm G.; Sudlow, Catherine; Woznitza, Nick; Joshi, Indra title: Using imaging to combat a pandemic: rationale for developing the UK National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database date: 2020 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01809-2020 sha: doc_id: 333131 cord_uid: affb4yln file: cache/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.json key: cord-332944-yqhuh3gc authors: Wu, Jianhua; Mamas, Mamas; Rashid, Muhammad; Weston, Clive; Hains, Julian; Luescher, Tom; de Belder, Mark A; Deanfield, John E; Gale, Chris P title: Patient response, treatments and mortality for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 journal: Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa062 sha: doc_id: 332944 cord_uid: yqhuh3gc file: cache/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.json key: cord-332967-fo12lbvs authors: Taher, Ali T.; Bou‐Fakhredin, Rayan; Kreidieh, Firas; Motta, Irene; De Franceschi, Lucia; Cappellini, Maria Domenica title: Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations date: 2020-05-21 journal: Am J Hematol DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25857 sha: doc_id: 332967 cord_uid: fo12lbvs file: cache/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.json key: cord-333175-klnxnxwm authors: Hussein, Mohammad H.; Toraih, Eman A.; Attia, Abdallah S.; Burley, Nicholas; Zhang, Allen D.; Roos, Jackson; Houghton, August; Aniemeka, Nedum; Omar, Mahmoud; Aboueisha, Mohamed; Shama, Mohamed A.; Duchesne, Juan; Kandil, Emad title: Asthma in COVID-19 patients: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-11-11 journal: Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106205 sha: doc_id: 333175 cord_uid: klnxnxwm file: cache/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.json key: cord-333200-yka7wfbi authors: Dhampalwar, Swapnil; Saigal, Sanjiv; Soin, Arvinder title: Treatment armamentarium of COVID-19: Evolving strategies & evidence so far date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Clin Exp Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 333200 cord_uid: yka7wfbi file: cache/cord-333225-654rd38j.json key: cord-333225-654rd38j authors: Chan, Khee-Siang; Liang, Fu-Wen; Tang, Hung-Jen; Toh, Han Siong; Wen-Liang, Yu title: Collateral Benefits on Other Respiratory Infections during Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 333225 cord_uid: 654rd38j file: cache/cord-333234-yvixy77x.json key: cord-333234-yvixy77x authors: Triposkiadis, Filippos; Starling, Randall C.; Xanthopoulos, Andrew; Butler, Javed; Boudoulas, Harisios title: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 journal: Heart Fail Rev DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10022-4 sha: doc_id: 333234 cord_uid: yvixy77x file: cache/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.json key: cord-333350-e6zak5ad authors: Albahli, Saleh title: Efficient GAN-based Chest Radiographs (CXR) augmentation to diagnose coronavirus disease pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46684 sha: doc_id: 333350 cord_uid: e6zak5ad file: cache/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.json key: cord-333296-mvbwrb6o authors: Nandi, Santosh; Sarkis, Joseph; Hervani, Aref Aghaei; Helms, Marilyn M. title: Redesigning Supply Chains using Blockchain-Enabled Circular Economy and COVID-19 Experiences date: 2020-10-16 journal: Sustain Prod Consum DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.019 sha: doc_id: 333296 cord_uid: mvbwrb6o file: cache/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.json key: cord-333326-n9ifhw5s authors: Wardell, Hanna; Campbell, Jeffrey I; VanderPluym, Christina; Dixit, Avika title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa084 sha: doc_id: 333326 cord_uid: n9ifhw5s file: cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.json key: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj authors: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 sha: doc_id: 333262 cord_uid: xvfl7ycj file: cache/cord-333232-jtck578z.json key: cord-333232-jtck578z authors: Graboyes, Evan; Cramer, John; Balakrishnan, Karthik; Cognetti, David M.; López‐Cevallos, Daniel; de Almeida, John R.; Megwalu, Uchechukwu C.; Moore, Charles E.; Nathan, Cherie‐Ann; Spector, Matthew E.; Lewis, Carol M.; Brenner, Michael J. title: COVID‐19 pandemic and health care disparities in head and neck cancer: Scanning the horizon date: 2020-06-20 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26345 sha: doc_id: 333232 cord_uid: jtck578z file: cache/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.json key: cord-333183-xyuj1j57 authors: Lee, Lennard Y W; Cazier, Jean Baptiste; Starkey, T; Turnbull, C D; Kerr, Rachel; Middleton, Gary title: COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-28 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31173-9 sha: doc_id: 333183 cord_uid: xyuj1j57 file: cache/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.json key: cord-333144-gyuh2fvl authors: Siddiqui, Arif Jamal; Jahan, Sadaf; Ashraf, Syed Amir; Alreshidi, Mousa; Ashraf, Mohammad Saquib; Patel, Mitesh; Snoussi, Mejdi; Singh, Ritu; Adnan, Mohd title: Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345 sha: doc_id: 333144 cord_uid: gyuh2fvl file: cache/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.json key: cord-333327-r7yqk8tm authors: Stephens, Elizabeth H.; Dearani, Joseph A.; Guleserian, Kristine J. title: Courage, Fortitude, and Effective Leadership of Surgical Teams During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg DOI: 10.1177/2150135120938330 sha: doc_id: 333327 cord_uid: r7yqk8tm file: cache/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.json key: cord-333162-gwmvsoru authors: Malki, Zohair; Atlam, El-Sayed; Hassanien, Aboul Ella; Dagnew, Guesh; Elhosseini, Mostafa A.; Gad, Ibrahim title: Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-07-17 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110137 sha: doc_id: 333162 cord_uid: gwmvsoru file: cache/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.json key: cord-333368-kjrk8nn9 authors: Huizinga, Gabrielle P; Singer, Benjamin H; Singer, Kanakadurga title: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection date: 2020-09-03 journal: Endocrinology DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa154 sha: doc_id: 333368 cord_uid: kjrk8nn9 file: cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.json key: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 authors: Zhang, Xiao-rui; Li, Ting-na; Ren, Yuan-yuan; Zeng, Yi-jia; Lv, Hong-yang; Wang, Jin; Huang, Qin-wan title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651 sha: doc_id: 333119 cord_uid: vu4qbcy1 file: cache/cord-333451-p2plpeew.json key: cord-333451-p2plpeew authors: Raab, Anja M.; Michel, Franz title: Significant demands on healthcare resources during the COVID crisis date: 2020-05-13 journal: Spinal Cord DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-0482-y sha: doc_id: 333451 cord_uid: p2plpeew file: cache/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.json key: cord-333338-6mxeq8dg authors: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use? date: 2020-10-09 journal: Heliyon DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202 sha: doc_id: 333338 cord_uid: 6mxeq8dg file: cache/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.json key: cord-333462-h6czvcyq authors: nan title: COVID-19 olfactory screening test using trained dogs date: 2020-09-15 journal: Bull Acad Natl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.019 sha: doc_id: 333462 cord_uid: h6czvcyq file: cache/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.json key: cord-333460-4ui8i9u5 authors: Li, Qing; Chen, Jinglong; Xu, Gang; Zhao, Jun; Yu, Xiaoqi; Wang, Shuangyan; Liu, Lei; Liu, Feng title: The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562885 sha: doc_id: 333460 cord_uid: 4ui8i9u5 file: cache/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.json key: cord-333470-0a0i6vjn authors: Lombe, Dorothy C; Mwaba, Catherine K; Msadabwe, Susan C; Banda, Lewis; Mwale, Maurice; Pupwe, George; Kamfwa, Paul; Kanduza, Mulape; Munkupa, Harry; Maliti, Biemba; Simbeye, Kalyoka; Hachizo, Pious; Lin, Lilie; Chiao, Elizabeth; Lishimpi, Kennedy title: Zambia’s National Cancer Centre response to the COVID-19 pandemic—an opportunity for improved care date: 2020-05-28 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1051 sha: doc_id: 333470 cord_uid: 0a0i6vjn file: cache/cord-333417-edc509xr.json key: cord-333417-edc509xr authors: Bontempi, Elza title: Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research date: 2020-06-13 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109775 sha: doc_id: 333417 cord_uid: edc509xr file: cache/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.json key: cord-333475-pe7q9ira authors: Vargas-Vargas, Manuel; Cortés-Rojo, Christian title: Ferritin levels and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.72 sha: doc_id: 333475 cord_uid: pe7q9ira file: cache/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.json key: cord-333487-zem2d4y6 authors: Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark; Bega Harnik, Simone; Vieira de Luca, Patrícia; Letícia de Souza Lima, Bruna; José Pineda Wieselberg, Ronaldo; Ngongo, Belinda; Cordeiro Pedrosa, Hermelinda; Pimazoni-Netto, Augusto; Reis Franco, Denise; de Fatima Marinho de Souza, Maria; Carvalho Malta, Deborah; Giampaoli, Viviana title: The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date: 2020-07-03 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304 sha: doc_id: 333487 cord_uid: zem2d4y6 file: cache/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.json key: cord-333483-nr0akd7k authors: Aziz, R.; Kaminstein, D. title: Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit date: 2020-09-26 journal: BJA Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 333483 cord_uid: nr0akd7k file: cache/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.json key: cord-333520-v2sb90rc authors: Gardin, Chiara; Ferroni, Letizia; Chachques, Juan Carlos; Zavan, Barbara title: Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092762 sha: doc_id: 333520 cord_uid: v2sb90rc file: cache/cord-333528-9mczqtje.json key: cord-333528-9mczqtje authors: Mattogno, P. P.; Rigante, M.; Lauretti, L.; Parrilla, C.; D’Alessandris, Q. G.; Paludetti, G.; Olivi, A. title: Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center date: 2020-06-03 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04414-6 sha: doc_id: 333528 cord_uid: 9mczqtje file: cache/cord-333582-l2coget2.json key: cord-333582-l2coget2 authors: Giacomelli, A.; Ridolfo, A. L.; Milazzo, L.; Oreni, L.; Bernacchia, D.; Siano, M.; Bonazzetti, C.; Schiuma, M.; Covizzi, A.; Passerini, M.; Piscaglia, M.; Coen, M.; Gubertini, G.; Rizzardini, G.; Cogliati, C.; Brambilla, A. M.; Colombo, R.; Castelli, A.; Rech, R.; Riva, A.; Torre, A.; Meroni, L.; Rusconi, S.; Antinori, S.; Galli, M. title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088336 sha: doc_id: 333582 cord_uid: l2coget2 file: cache/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.json key: cord-333411-hqtb4a2c authors: Tan, Tina Q; Kullar, Ravina; Swartz, Talia H; Mathew, Trini A; Piggott, Damani A; Berthaud, Vladimir title: Location Matters: Geographic Disparities and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa583 sha: doc_id: 333411 cord_uid: hqtb4a2c file: cache/cord-333640-oh9ucair.json key: cord-333640-oh9ucair authors: Gambaro, Giovanni; Piccoli, Giorgina B. title: Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00756-7 sha: doc_id: 333640 cord_uid: oh9ucair file: cache/cord-333627-tcgamaev.json key: cord-333627-tcgamaev authors: Kam, Ariana; Gottfried, Jennifer; Mieleszko, Julia E.; Kim, You J.; Nejat, Edward J.; Luk, Janelle title: PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC date: 2020-09-30 journal: Fertility and Sterility DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.500 sha: doc_id: 333627 cord_uid: tcgamaev file: cache/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.json key: cord-333663-0yzrcfe5 authors: Hart, Joanna L.; Turnbull, Alison E.; Oppenheim, Ian M.; Courtright, Katherine R. title: Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-22 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.017 sha: doc_id: 333663 cord_uid: 0yzrcfe5 file: cache/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.json key: cord-333670-qv1orlv5 authors: Mutti, Luciano; Pentimalli, Francesca; Baglio, Giovanni; Maiorano, Patrizia; Saladino, Rita Emilena; Correale, Pierpaolo; Giordano, Antonio title: Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): What Are We Learning in a Country With High Mortality Rate? date: 2020-05-28 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01208 sha: doc_id: 333670 cord_uid: qv1orlv5 file: cache/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.json key: cord-333713-nz36i2oa authors: Andonegui-Elguera, Sergio; Taniguchi-Ponciano, Keiko; Gonzales-Bonilla, Cesar Raul; Torres, Javier; Mayani, Hector; Herrera, Luis Alonso; Peña-Martínez, Eduardo; Silva-Román, Gloria; Vela-Patiño, Sandra; Ferreira-Hermosillo, Aldo; Ramirez-Renteria, Claudia; Carvente-Garcia, Roberto; Mata-Lozano, Carlos; Marrero-Rodríguez, Daniel; Mercado, Moises title: Molecular Alterations Prompted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Induction of Hyaluronan, Glycosaminoglycan and Mucopolysaccharide Metabolism date: 2020-06-18 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 333713 cord_uid: nz36i2oa file: cache/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.json key: cord-333698-e73d9lbu authors: Lechien, Jerome R.; Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M.; Cabaraux, Pierre; Mat, Quentin; Huet, Kathy; Harmegnies, Bernard; Horoi, Mihaela; Bon, Serge D. Le; Rodriguez, Alexandra; Dequanter, Didier; Hans, Stéphane; Crevier-Buchman, Lise; Hochet, Baptiste; Distinguin, Lea; Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes; Circiu, Marta; Afia, Fahd El; Barillari, Maria Rosaria; Cammaroto, Giovanni; Fakhry, Nicolas; Michel, Justin; Radulesco, Thomas; Martiny, Delphine; Lavigne, Philippe; Jouffe, Lionel; Descamps, Géraldine; Journe, Fabrice; Trecca, Eleonora M.C.; Hsieh, Julien; Delgado, Irene Lopez; Calvo-Henriquez, Christian; Vergez, Sebastien; Khalife, Mohamad; Molteni, Gabriele; Mannelli, Giuditta; Cantarella, Giovanna; Tucciarone, Manuel; Souchay, Christel; Leich, Pierre; Ayad, Tareck; Saussez, Sven title: Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients with Dysphonia. date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Voice DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 333698 cord_uid: e73d9lbu file: cache/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.json key: cord-333745-nwnt2tde authors: Wang, Yi; Yao, Lin; Zhang, Jian-Ping; Tang, Pei-Jun; Ye, Zhi-Jian; Shen, Xing-Hua; Xu, Jun-Chi; Wu, Mei-Ying; Yu, Xin title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory indicator analysis of 67 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Suzhou, China date: 2020-10-12 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05468-8 sha: doc_id: 333745 cord_uid: nwnt2tde file: cache/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.json key: cord-333703-1ku3jc9s authors: Kraus, Aurora; Casadei, Elisa; Huertas, Mar; Ye, Chunyan; Bradfute, Steven; Boudinot, Pierre; Levraud, Jean-Pierre; Salinas, Irene title: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-08 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.06.368191 sha: doc_id: 333703 cord_uid: 1ku3jc9s file: cache/cord-333800-qqe331ok.json key: cord-333800-qqe331ok authors: Whyte, Martin B.; Kelly, Philip A.; Gonzalez, Elisa; Arya, Roopen; Roberts, Lara N. title: Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.025 sha: doc_id: 333800 cord_uid: qqe331ok file: cache/cord-333797-six8wzxz.json key: cord-333797-six8wzxz authors: Heaney, Ashley I.; Griffin, Gregory D.; Simon, Erin L. title: Newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-06 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.114 sha: doc_id: 333797 cord_uid: six8wzxz file: cache/cord-333792-h4f125hr.json key: cord-333792-h4f125hr authors: Islamoglu, Yuce; Gemcioglu, Emin; Ates, Ihsan title: Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia date: 2020-10-19 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02405-1 sha: doc_id: 333792 cord_uid: h4f125hr file: cache/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.json key: cord-333793-4pvjc4un authors: Dickens, Borame L; Koo, Joel R; Lim, Jue Tao; Sun, Haoyang; Clapham, Hannah E; Wilder-Smith, Annelies; Cook, Alex R title: Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and re-open travel date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa141 sha: doc_id: 333793 cord_uid: 4pvjc4un file: cache/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.json key: cord-333631-vk3h2qau authors: Tsoungui Obama, H. C. J.; Adil Mahmoud Yousif, N.; Hassan Mohamed Alawam Nemer, L.; Ngougoue Ngougoue, P. M.; Ngwa, G. A.; Teboh-Ewungkem, M.; Schneider, K. title: Preventing COVID-19 spread in closed facilities by regular testing of employees - an efficient intervention in long-term care facilities and prisons date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211573 sha: doc_id: 333631 cord_uid: vk3h2qau file: cache/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.json key: cord-333749-45v6b4tc authors: Xie, Guogang; Ding, Fengming; Han, Lei; Yin, Dongning; Lu, Hongzhou; Zhang, Min title: The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-20 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14465 sha: doc_id: 333749 cord_uid: 45v6b4tc file: cache/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.json key: cord-333863-mtljy3s6 authors: Hong, Nan; Yu, Wangshu; Xia, Jianhua; Shen, Ye; Yap, Maurice; Han, Wei title: Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients confirmed with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 journal: Acta Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1111/aos.14445 sha: doc_id: 333863 cord_uid: mtljy3s6 file: cache/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.json key: cord-333805-xmqs2ax7 authors: Romoli, Michele; Jelcic, Ilijas; Bernard‐Valnet, Raphaël; García Azorín, David; Mancinelli, Luca; Akhvlediani, Tamar; Monaco, Salvatore; Taba, Pille; Sellner, Johann title: A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details date: 2020-06-05 journal: Eur J Neurol DOI: 10.1111/ene.14382 sha: doc_id: 333805 cord_uid: xmqs2ax7 file: cache/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.json key: cord-333696-3ci9re9a authors: Alomari, Safwan O.; Abou-Mrad, Zaki; Bydon, Ali title: COVID-19 and the Central Nervous System date: 2020-08-04 journal: Clin Neurol Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106116 sha: doc_id: 333696 cord_uid: 3ci9re9a file: cache/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.json key: cord-333960-pkpbts7s authors: Genet, Bastien; Vidal, Jean-Sébastien; Cohen, Adrien; Boully, Clémence; Beunardeau, Maelle; Harlé, Louise; Goncalves, Anna; Boudali, Yasmina; Hernandorena, Intza; Bailly, Henri; Lenoir, Hermine; Piccoli, Matthieu; Chahwakilian, Anne; Kermanach, Léna; de Jong, Laura; Duron, Emmanuelle; Girerd, Xavier; Hanon, Olivier title: COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and use of renin-angiotensin system blockers in geriatrics patients. date: 2020-09-09 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 333960 cord_uid: pkpbts7s file: cache/cord-333654-8rg99di5.json key: cord-333654-8rg99di5 authors: Pillai, Presaad; Joseph, Joyce Pauline; Fadzillah, Nurul Huda Mohamad; Mahmod, Masliza title: COVID-19 AND MAJOR ORGAN THROMBOEMBOLISM: MANIFESTATIONS IN NEUROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS. date: 2020-10-24 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105427 sha: doc_id: 333654 cord_uid: 8rg99di5 file: cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.json key: cord-333581-icp0xwhx authors: Aziz, Muhammad; Haghbin, Hossein; Lee-Smith, Wade; Goyal, Hemant; Nawras, Ali; Adler, Douglas G. title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 sha: doc_id: 333581 cord_uid: icp0xwhx file: cache/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.json key: cord-333999-k92fmnq7 authors: Yang, Chih-Jen; Wei, Yu-Jui; Chang, Hus-Liang; Chang, Pi-Yu; Tsai, Chung-Chen; Chen, Yen-Hsu; Hsueh, Po-Ren title: Remdesivir Use in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Mini-Review date: 2020-10-05 journal: J Microbiol Immunol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 333999 cord_uid: k92fmnq7 file: cache/cord-333897-isodrtly.json key: cord-333897-isodrtly authors: Shenoy, Niraj; Luchtel, Rebecca; Gulani, Perminder title: Considerations for target oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients: are we under-shooting? date: 2020-08-19 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01735-2 sha: doc_id: 333897 cord_uid: isodrtly file: cache/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.json key: cord-333925-5qg4mufh authors: Martino, M.; Aboud, N.; Cola, M. F.; Giancola, G.; Ciarloni, A.; Salvio, G.; Arnaldi, G. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychophysical stress in patients with adrenal insufficiency: the CORTI-COVID study date: 2020-09-18 journal: J Endocrinol Invest DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01422-2 sha: doc_id: 333925 cord_uid: 5qg4mufh file: cache/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.json key: cord-333998-z2zahfv9 authors: Taxbro, Knut; Kahlow, Hannes; Wulcan, Hannes; Fornarve, Anna title: Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-02 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237616 sha: doc_id: 333998 cord_uid: z2zahfv9 file: cache/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.json key: cord-334092-50r3h7jv authors: Loungani, Rahul S.; Rehorn, Michael R.; Newby, L. Kristin; Katz, Jason N.; Klem, Igor; Mentz, Robert J.; Jones, W. Schuyler; Vemulapalli, Sreekanth; Kelsey, Anita M.; Blazing, Michael A.; Piccini, Jonathan P.; Patel, Manesh R. title: A care pathway for the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: Insights from an institutional response date: 2020-05-03 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.024 sha: doc_id: 334092 cord_uid: 50r3h7jv file: cache/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.json key: cord-333827-zpdnzwle authors: Zhao, Jinqiu; Li, Xiaosong; Huang, Wenxiang; Zheng, Junyi title: Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data date: 2020-08-17 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.039 sha: doc_id: 333827 cord_uid: zpdnzwle file: cache/cord-333932-aqcllik0.json key: cord-333932-aqcllik0 authors: Diao, Bo; Wang, Chenhui; Tan, Yingjun; Chen, Xiewan; Liu, Ying; Ning, Lifen; Chen, Li; Li, Min; Liu, Yueping; Wang, Gang; Yuan, Zilin; Feng, Zeqing; Zhang, Yi; Wu, Yuzhang; Chen, Yongwen title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827 sha: doc_id: 333932 cord_uid: aqcllik0 file: cache/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.json key: cord-334235-ymsiihwd authors: Gray, Belinda; Semsarian, Christopher; Fatkin, Diane; Ingles, Jodie; Atherton, John J.; Davis, Andrew M.; Sanders, Prashanthan; Pachter, Nicholas; Skinner, Jonathan R.; Stiles, Martin K. title: Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement date: 2020-04-30 journal: Heart Lung Circ DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 334235 cord_uid: ymsiihwd file: cache/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.json key: cord-334179-cjgsr7xr authors: Al Kasab, Sami; Almallouhi, Eyad; Alawieh, Ali; Levitt, Michael R; Jabbour, Pascal; Sweid, Ahmad; Starke, Robert M; Saini, Vasu; Wolfe, Stacey Q; Fargen, Kyle M; Arthur, Adam S; Goyal, Nitin; Pandhi, Abhi; Fragata, Isabel; Maier, Ilko; Matouk, Charles; Grossberg, Jonathan A; Howard, Brian M; Kan, Peter; Hafeez, Muhammad; Schirmer, Clemens M; Crowley, R Webster; Joshi, Krishna C; Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I; Chowdry, Shakeel; Ares, William; Ogilvy, Christopher; Gomez-Paz, Santiago; Rai, Ansaar T.; Mokin, Maxim; Guerrero, Waldo; Park, Min S; Mascitelli, Justin R; Yoo, Albert; Williamson, Richard; Grande, Andrew Walker; Crosa, Roberto Javier; Webb, Sharon; Psychogios, Marios N; Ducruet, Andrew F; Holmstedt, Christine A; Ringer, Andrew J; Spiotta, Alejandro M title: International experience of mechanical thrombectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from STAR and ENRG date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Neurointerv Surg DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016671 sha: doc_id: 334179 cord_uid: cjgsr7xr file: cache/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.json key: cord-334188-bggt1i2e authors: Solari, Domenico; Bove, Ilaria; Esposito, Felice; Cappabianca, Paolo; Cavallo, Luigi M. title: The nose lid for the endoscopic endonasal procedures during COVID-19 era: technical note date: 2020-08-11 journal: Acta Neurochir (Wien) DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04518-z sha: doc_id: 334188 cord_uid: bggt1i2e file: cache/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.json key: cord-334217-ejgdzc70 authors: Homolak, J.; Kodvanj, I.; Virag, D. title: Preliminary analysis of COVID-19 academic information patterns: a call for open science in the times of closed borders date: 2020-06-25 journal: Scientometrics DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03587-2 sha: doc_id: 334217 cord_uid: ejgdzc70 file: cache/cord-334268-n2hon61o.json key: cord-334268-n2hon61o authors: Ren, Yanfang; Feng, Changyong; Rasubala, Linda; Malmstrom, Hans; Eliav, Eli title: Risk for dental healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 global pandemic: an evidence-based assessment date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Dent DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103434 sha: doc_id: 334268 cord_uid: n2hon61o file: cache/cord-333872-shhugvx0.json key: cord-333872-shhugvx0 authors: Kumar, Jitendra; Khatana, P.S.; Raina, Rajni title: The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm date: 2020-07-04 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 333872 cord_uid: shhugvx0 file: cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.json key: cord-334124-w9jww3hk authors: Murphy, David L; Barnard, Leslie M; Drucker, Christopher J; Yang, Betty Y; Emert, Jamie M; Schwarcz, Leilani; Counts, Catherine R; Jacinto, Tracie Y; McCoy, Andrew M; Morgan, Tyler A; Whitney, Jim E; Bodenman, Joel V; Duchin, Jeffrey S; Sayre, Michael R; Rea, Thomas D title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 sha: doc_id: 334124 cord_uid: w9jww3hk file: cache/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.json key: cord-334278-ajdjfzd2 authors: Gilis, M.; Chagrot, N.; Bozon, F.; Koeberlé, S.; Brunel, A.; Tannou, T.; Chirouze, C.; Bouiller, K. title: Caractéristiques de la COVID-19 chez les patients âgés de 75 ans et plus, hospitalisés date: 2020-09-30 journal: Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.131 sha: doc_id: 334278 cord_uid: ajdjfzd2 file: cache/cord-334298-b3uv6310.json key: cord-334298-b3uv6310 authors: Fang, Xinyu; Zhang, Jiaying; Teng, Chao; Zhao, Ke; Su, Kuan-Pin; Wang, Zhen; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Chen title: Depressive symptoms in the front-line non-medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.078 sha: doc_id: 334298 cord_uid: b3uv6310 file: cache/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.json key: cord-334220-sqvfr31q authors: Messina, Francesco; Giombini, Emanuela; Montaldo, Chiara; Sharma, Ashish Arunkumar; Piacentini, Mauro; Zoccoli, Antonio; Sekaly, Rafick-Pierre; Locatelli, Franco; Zumla, Alimuddin; Maeurer, Markus; Capobianchi, Maria R.; Lauria, Francesco Nicola; Ippolito, Giuseppe title: Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome date: 2020-11-03 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.366666 sha: doc_id: 334220 cord_uid: sqvfr31q file: cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.json key: cord-333928-boq65pci authors: Lee, Jia‐Jung; Hwang, Shang‐Jyh; Huang, Jee‐Fu title: Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date: 2020-06-03 journal: Kaohsiung J Med Sci DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12239 sha: doc_id: 333928 cord_uid: boq65pci file: cache/cord-333943-9d93na7s.json key: cord-333943-9d93na7s authors: Jeong, Han Eol; Lee, Hyesung; Shin, Hyun Joon; Choe, Young June; Filion, Kristian B; Shin, Ju-Young title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study date: 2020-07-27 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1056 sha: doc_id: 333943 cord_uid: 9d93na7s file: cache/cord-334309-rddznfax.json key: cord-334309-rddznfax authors: Craver, Randall; Huber, Samantha; Sandomirsky, Marrianna; McKenna, Dwight; Schieffelin, John; Finger, Leron title: Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) date: 2020-05-13 journal: Fetal Pediatr Pathol DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1761491 sha: doc_id: 334309 cord_uid: rddznfax file: cache/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.json key: cord-334021-ex4z2b75 authors: Tupper, P.; Colijn, C. title: COVID-19's unfortunate events in schools: mitigating classroom clusters in the context of variable transmission date: 2020-10-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20216267 sha: doc_id: 334021 cord_uid: ex4z2b75 file: cache/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.json key: cord-334341-cpol6xfz authors: Mattei, Tobias A. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Care Providers and Patients date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2020.100003 sha: doc_id: 334341 cord_uid: cpol6xfz file: cache/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.json key: cord-334122-3c1i25vc authors: Fahad, Ahmed Muhi; Mohammad, Ayam Ali; Al‐Khalidi, Hasanain A.; Alshewered, Ahmed Salih title: Spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication in COVID‐19 male patient: A case report date: 2020-09-21 journal: Clin Case Rep DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3378 sha: doc_id: 334122 cord_uid: 3c1i25vc file: cache/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.json key: cord-334311-i88ccp9w authors: Robb, Catherine E.; de Jager, Celeste A.; Ahmadi-Abhari, Sara; Giannakopoulou, Parthenia; Udeh-Momoh, Chinedu; McKeand, James; Price, Geraint; Car, Josip; Majeed, Azeem; Ward, Helen; Middleton, Lefkos title: Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591120 sha: doc_id: 334311 cord_uid: i88ccp9w file: cache/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.json key: cord-334184-2zjbwmqn authors: Weinstein, B.; da Silva, A. R.; Kouzoukas, D. E.; Bose, T.; Kim, G.-J.; Correa, P. A.; Pondugula, S.; Kim, J.; Carpenter, D. O. title: A methodological blueprint to identify COVID-19 vulnerable locales by socioeconomic factors, developed using South Korean data date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20218842 sha: doc_id: 334184 cord_uid: 2zjbwmqn file: cache/cord-334416-4tslee57.json key: cord-334416-4tslee57 authors: Sen-Crowe, Brendon; McKenney, Mark; Elkbuli, Adel title: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives date: 2020-04-02 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.063 sha: doc_id: 334416 cord_uid: 4tslee57 file: cache/cord-333986-xkx181ek.json key: cord-333986-xkx181ek authors: Hall, Mary-Frances E.; Church, Frank C. title: Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 journal: Brain Sci DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090612 sha: doc_id: 333986 cord_uid: xkx181ek file: cache/cord-334313-v2syspu6.json key: cord-334313-v2syspu6 authors: Long, S. 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Wesley; Lin, John C. title: Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000139 sha: doc_id: 334367 cord_uid: w96iqo6q file: cache/cord-334480-aosmo568.json key: cord-334480-aosmo568 authors: Gebrie, D.; Getnet, D.; Manyazewal, T. title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 sha: doc_id: 334480 cord_uid: aosmo568 file: cache/cord-334490-42gykxdx.json key: cord-334490-42gykxdx authors: Kammerlander, Andreas A.; Mascherbauer, Julia title: COVID-19: frequently asked questions to the cardiologist date: 2020-07-24 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01696-9 sha: doc_id: 334490 cord_uid: 42gykxdx file: cache/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.json key: cord-334300-hnrmaytm authors: Ventura Fernandes, Bianca H; Feitosa, Natália Martins; Barbosa, Ana Paula; Bomfim, Camila Gasque; Garnique, Anali M. 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M.; Navarro Romero, F.; Núñez Rodríguez, M. 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R.; Smid, Geert E.; Smit, Annika S.; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; McFarlane, Alexander title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 journal: European journal of psychotraumatology DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283 sha: doc_id: 334522 cord_uid: gi7zj70m file: cache/cord-334431-qn2c83in.json key: cord-334431-qn2c83in authors: Aaronson, Emily Loving; Daubman, Bethany-Rose; Petrillo, Laura; Bowman, Jason; Ouchi, Kei; Gipps, Alexa; Traeger, Lara; Jackson, Vicki; Grudzen, Corita; Ritchie, Christine Seel title: Emerging palliative care innovations in the ED: a qualitative analysis of programmatic elements during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 journal: J Pain Symptom Manage DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.035 sha: doc_id: 334431 cord_uid: qn2c83in file: cache/cord-334790-lav794w0.json key: cord-334790-lav794w0 authors: Jin, Huijuan; Hong, Candong; Chen, Shengcai; Zhou, Yifan; Wang, Yong; Mao, Ling; Li, Yanan; He, Quanwei; Li, Man; Su, Ying; Wang, David; Wang, Longde; Hu, Bo title: Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists date: 2020-04-01 journal: Stroke Vasc Neurol DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382 sha: doc_id: 334790 cord_uid: lav794w0 file: cache/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.json key: cord-334711-58ygbyiz authors: Hernández-Sánchez, Brizeida Raquel; Cardella, Giuseppina Maria; Sánchez-García, José Carlos title: Psychological Factors that Lessen the Impact of COVID-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America date: 2020-07-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155293 sha: doc_id: 334711 cord_uid: 58ygbyiz file: cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.json key: cord-334801-p5mxc694 authors: Van Singer, Mathias; Brahier, Thomas; Ngai, Michelle; Wright, Julie; Weckman, Andrea M.; Erice, Clara; Meuwly, Jean-Yves; Hugli, Olivier; Kain, Kevin C.; Boillat-Blanco, Noémie title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 334801 cord_uid: p5mxc694 file: cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.json key: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 authors: Lisco, Giuseppe; De Tullio, Anna; Giagulli, Vito Angelo; Guastamacchia, Edoardo; De Pergola, Giovanni; Triggiani, Vincenzo title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 sha: doc_id: 334773 cord_uid: yw2qgv13 file: cache/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.json key: cord-334518-mjr6u7ak authors: Hu, X.; Deng, Q.; Li, J.; Chen, J.; Wang, Z.; Fang, Z.; Li, H.; Zhao, Y.; Yu, P.; Li, W.; Wang, X.; Li, S.; Zhang, L.; Hou, T. title: Development and clinical application of a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermalamplification test for SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108530 sha: doc_id: 334518 cord_uid: mjr6u7ak file: cache/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.json key: cord-334864-aak4wlgs authors: Djalante, Riyanti; Nurhidayah, Laely; Van Minh, Hoang; Phuong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc; Mahendradhata, Yodi; Trias, Angelo; Lassa, Jonatan; Miller, Michelle Ann title: COVID-19 and the ASEAN responses: Comparison and analysis through policy science date: 2020-10-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100129 sha: doc_id: 334864 cord_uid: aak4wlgs file: cache/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.json key: cord-334638-au5sqzxw authors: Dores, Artemisa R.; Geraldo, Andreia; Carvalho, Irene P.; Barbosa, Fernando title: The Use of New Digital Information and Communication Technologies in Psychological Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207663 sha: doc_id: 334638 cord_uid: au5sqzxw file: cache/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.json key: cord-334716-s4mfegv7 authors: Herman, P.; Vincent, C.; Parietti Winkler, C.; Loundon, N.; Couloigner, V.; Tankere, F.; Tringali, S.; Gallet, P.; Papon, J.-F.; Montava, M.; Lavieille, J.-P.; Charpiot, A.; Schmerber, S. title: Corticothérapie en ORL en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.aforl.2020.04.011 sha: doc_id: 334716 cord_uid: s4mfegv7 file: cache/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.json key: cord-334933-br1cr8kj authors: Arora, Gulhima; Kroumpouzos, George; Kassir, Martin; Jafferany, Mohammad; Lotti, Torello; Sadoughifar, Roxanna; Sitkowska, Zuzanna; Grabbe, Stephan; Goldust, Mohamad title: Solidarity and transparency against the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-13 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13359 sha: doc_id: 334933 cord_uid: br1cr8kj file: cache/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.json key: cord-334830-fh8eitnh authors: Bsteh, Gabriel; Bitschnau, Christina; Hegen, Harald; Auer, Michael; Di Pauli, Franziska; Rommer, Paulus; Deisenhammer, Florian; Berger, Thomas title: Multiple sclerosis and COVID‐19: how many are at risk? date: 2020-09-25 journal: Eur J Neurol DOI: 10.1111/ene.14555 sha: doc_id: 334830 cord_uid: fh8eitnh file: cache/cord-334847-lf1grybz.json key: cord-334847-lf1grybz authors: Lynch, Holly Fernandez; Dickert, Neal W; Zettler, Patricia J; Joffe, Steven; Largent, Emily A title: Regulatory Flexibility for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa057 sha: doc_id: 334847 cord_uid: lf1grybz file: cache/cord-334715-902pfxyz.json key: cord-334715-902pfxyz authors: Sirico, Domenico; Castaldi, Biagio; Ciliberti, Paolo; Sabatino, Jolanda; Cazzoli, Ilaria; Secinaro, Aurelio; Calcaterra, Giuseppe; Oreto, Lilia; Calabrò, Maria Pia; Chessa, Massimo; Limongelli, Giuseppe; D’Alto, Michele; Serra, Walter; Bassareo, Pierpaolo; Russo, Maria Giovanna; Guccione, Paolo; Di Salvo, Giovanni title: Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000990 sha: doc_id: 334715 cord_uid: 902pfxyz file: cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.json key: cord-334867-ohw0chbg authors: Ma, Hui; Zhu, Jiangong; Liu, Jianfei; Zhang, Xin; Liu, Yunxi; Song, Hongbin title: Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Biosaf Biosecur DOI: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 334867 cord_uid: ohw0chbg file: cache/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.json key: cord-334564-bqh9jkds authors: Raony, Ícaro; de Figueiredo, Camila Saggioro; Pandolfo, Pablo; Giestal-de-Araujo, Elizabeth; Oliveira-Silva Bomfim, Priscilla; Savino, Wilson title: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health date: 2020-05-27 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01170 sha: doc_id: 334564 cord_uid: bqh9jkds file: cache/cord-334955-gnu92up6.json key: cord-334955-gnu92up6 authors: Sutton, Jeannette; Renshaw, Scott L.; Butts, Carter T. title: COVID-19: Retransmission of official communications in an emerging pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238491 sha: doc_id: 334955 cord_uid: gnu92up6 file: cache/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.json key: cord-334849-8rblgq9b authors: LoPresti, Marissa; Beck, David B.; Duggal, Priya; Cummings, Derek A.T.; Solomon, Benjamin D. title: The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature date: 2020-08-12 journal: Am J Hum Genet DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 334849 cord_uid: 8rblgq9b file: cache/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.json key: cord-334960-l5q5wc06 authors: Park, Su Eun title: Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19) date: 2020-04-02 journal: Clin Exp Pediatr DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00493 sha: doc_id: 334960 cord_uid: l5q5wc06 file: cache/cord-334881-x9nxxled.json key: cord-334881-x9nxxled authors: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe; Di Trolio, Rossella; Kozlakidis, Zisis; Busto, Giuseppina; Ingenito, Concetta; Buonerba, Luciana; Ferrara, Claudia; Libroia, Annamaria; Ragone, Gianluca; Ioio, Concetta dello; Savastano, Beatrice; Polverino, Mario; De Falco, Ferdinando; Iaccarino, Simona; 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Simona, Gregory L.; Anthamattena, Peter; Kelseya, Katharine C.; Crawforda, Benjamin R.; Weavera, Amanda J. title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100256 sha: doc_id: 335005 cord_uid: ezp4mery file: cache/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.json key: cord-335037-4wj4p5ys authors: Annweiler, Cédric; Bourgeais, Alexis; Faucon, Emmanuelle; Cao, Zhijian; Wu, Yingliang; Sabatier, Jean‐Marc title: Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Disorders during COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16671 sha: doc_id: 335037 cord_uid: 4wj4p5ys file: cache/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.json key: cord-335007-27a3h2lo authors: Dreyer, Nancy A.; Reynolds, Matthew; DeFilippo Mack, Christina; Brinkley, Emma; Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia; Hawaldar, Kalyani; Toovey, Stephen; Morris, Jonathan title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis date: 2020-11-03 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101909 sha: doc_id: 335007 cord_uid: 27a3h2lo file: cache/cord-334973-jemeyudi.json key: cord-334973-jemeyudi authors: Wu, Dingye; Gao, Song title: Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center date: 2020-07-22 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108340 sha: doc_id: 334973 cord_uid: jemeyudi file: cache/cord-335039-o92ohoao.json key: cord-335039-o92ohoao authors: Hu, Zhipeng; Yang, Maoyi; Xie, Chunguang title: Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020203 sha: doc_id: 335039 cord_uid: o92ohoao file: cache/cord-335051-31imf6bv.json key: cord-335051-31imf6bv authors: Tsabouri, Sophia; Makis, Alexandros; Kosmeri, Chrysoula; Siomou, Ekaterini title: SPECIAL ARTICLE: Risk factors for severity in children with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A comprehensive literature review date: 2020-07-30 journal: Pediatr Clin North Am DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.07.014 sha: doc_id: 335051 cord_uid: 31imf6bv file: cache/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.json key: cord-335061-wn8u7u9y authors: Zheng, Yichao; Zhu, Yinheng; Ji, Mengqi; Wang, Rongpin; Liu, Xinfeng; Zhang, Mudan; Qin, Choo Hui; Fang, Lu; Ma, Shaohua title: A Learning-based Model to Evaluate Hospitalization Priority in COVID-19 Pandemics date: 2020-08-03 journal: Patterns (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100092 sha: doc_id: 335061 cord_uid: wn8u7u9y file: cache/cord-335020-at43c8q7.json key: cord-335020-at43c8q7 authors: Porfidia, Angelo; Pola, Roberto title: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02125-4 sha: doc_id: 335020 cord_uid: at43c8q7 file: cache/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.json key: cord-335095-epsi5qq7 authors: Feng, Gong; Huang, Wan-Qiang; Liu, Man-Ling; Lin, Si-Ceng; Zhang, Xiao-Zhou; Zhang, Yan; He, Xiao-Qing; Liu, Jun-Lin; Chen, Zi-Jun; Guo, Zi-Kai; Gao, Jie; Yao, Cheng-Zi; He, Na; Yan, Qin-Qin; Mi, Man title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City date: 2020-08-24 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00465-z sha: doc_id: 335095 cord_uid: epsi5qq7 file: cache/cord-335019-esttc16z.json key: cord-335019-esttc16z authors: Kayem, Gilles; Alessandrini, Vivien; Azria, Elie; Blanc, Julie; Bohec, Caroline; Bornes, Marie; Bretelle, Florence; Ceccaldi, Pierre-François; Chalet, Yasmine; Chauleur, Céline; Cordier, Anne-Gael; Deruelle, Philippe; Desbrière, Raoul; Doret, Muriel; Dreyfus, Michel; Driessen, Marine; Fermaut, Marion; Gallot, Denis; Garabédian, Charles; Huissoud, Cyril; Lecarpentier, Edouard; Luton, Dominique; Morel, Olivier; Perrotin, Franck; Picone, Olivier; Rozenberg, Patrick; Schmitz, Thomas; Sentilhes, Loïc; Sroussi, Jeremy; Vayssière, Christophe; Verspyck, Eric; Vivanti, Alexandre J.; Winer, Norbert title: A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101826 sha: doc_id: 335019 cord_uid: esttc16z file: cache/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.json key: cord-335038-q32ghvsv authors: Huang, Jiao; Xie, Nianhua; Hu, Xuejiao; Yan, Han; Ding, Jie; Liu, Pulin; Ma, Hongfei; Ruan, Lianguo; Li, Gang; He, Na; Wei, Sheng; Wang, Xia title: Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-17 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1186 sha: doc_id: 335038 cord_uid: q32ghvsv file: cache/cord-335117-p03svmfr.json key: cord-335117-p03svmfr authors: Mehtar, Shaheen; Preiser, Wolfgang; Lakhe, Ndèye Aissatou; Bousso, Abdoulaye; TamFum, Jean-Jacques Muyembe; Kallay, Oscar; Seydi, Moussa; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B title: Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries date: 2020-04-28 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30212-6 sha: doc_id: 335117 cord_uid: p03svmfr file: cache/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.json key: cord-335078-z7k59k8o authors: Burton-Papp, Helmi C.; Jackson, Alexander I. R.; Beecham, Ryan; Ferrari, Matteo; Nasim-Mohi, Myra; Grocott, Michael P. W.; Chambers, Robert; Dushianthan, Ahilanandan title: Conscious prone positioning during non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: experience from a single centre date: 2020-07-31 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25384.1 sha: doc_id: 335078 cord_uid: z7k59k8o file: cache/cord-335137-5qt286kc.json key: cord-335137-5qt286kc authors: Chatterjee, Swapan K.; Saha, Snigdha; Munoz, Maria Nilda M. title: Molecular Pathogenesis, Immunopathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Front Mol Biosci DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00196 sha: doc_id: 335137 cord_uid: 5qt286kc file: cache/cord-335108-5u3578ws.json key: cord-335108-5u3578ws authors: Fang, C.; Garzillo, G.; Batohi, B.; Teo, J.T.H.; Berovic, M.; Sidhu, P. S.; Robbie, H. title: Extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 on CT: relationship with pulmonary parenchymal disease date: 2020-07-10 journal: Clin Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 335108 cord_uid: 5u3578ws file: cache/cord-335140-njg0ln33.json key: cord-335140-njg0ln33 authors: Freeman, Ciara L; Mikhael, Joseph title: Covid‐19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future? date: 2020-05-19 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16815 sha: doc_id: 335140 cord_uid: njg0ln33 file: cache/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.json key: cord-335122-8s3bcyo8 authors: Marshall, Steve; Duryea, Michael; Huang, Greg; Kadioglu, Onur; Mah, James; Palomo, Juan Martin; Rossouw, Emile; Stappert, Dina; Stewart, Kelton; Tufekci, Eser title: COVID-19: What do we know? date: 2020-09-21 journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.010 sha: doc_id: 335122 cord_uid: 8s3bcyo8 file: cache/cord-335168-3ofarutr.json key: cord-335168-3ofarutr authors: Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen; Aslam, Aaqib; Hassan, Iffat; Dogra, Sunil title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatologists and Dermatology Practice date: 2020-05-10 journal: Indian Dermatol Online J DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_180_20 sha: doc_id: 335168 cord_uid: 3ofarutr file: cache/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.json key: cord-335181-rvlu0h1h authors: Haft, Jonathan W.; Atluri, Pavan; Alawadi, Gorav; Engelman, Daniel; Grant, Michael C.; Hassan, Ansar; Legare, Jean-Francois; Whitman, Glenn; Arora, Rakesh C. title: Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.011 sha: doc_id: 335181 cord_uid: rvlu0h1h file: cache/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.json key: cord-335192-ezl7xgeb authors: Lai, Paul BS title: COVID‐19 and surgical practice date: 2020-07-22 journal: Surg Pract DOI: 10.1111/1744-1633.12444 sha: doc_id: 335192 cord_uid: ezl7xgeb file: cache/cord-335312-yp73z008.json key: cord-335312-yp73z008 authors: Bergsland, Emily K.; Halperin, Daniel M.; Dillon, Joseph S.; Dasari, N. Arvind; Kunz, Pamela L.; Soares, Heloisa P.; Pryma, Daniel; Bodei, Lisa; Hope, Thomas; Soulen, Michael C.; Mailman, Josh; Howe, James R. title: North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 journal: Pancreas DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001561 sha: doc_id: 335312 cord_uid: yp73z008 file: cache/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.json key: cord-335104-8b2tpbsh authors: Carugno, Andrea; Gambini, Daniele Mario; Raponi, Francesca; Vezzoli, Pamela; Robustelli Test, Elisa; Arosio, Marco Enrico Giovanni; Callegaro, Annapaola; Sena, Paolo title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? date: 2020-07-27 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14011 sha: doc_id: 335104 cord_uid: 8b2tpbsh file: cache/cord-335138-37czoiq8.json key: cord-335138-37czoiq8 authors: Booz, George W.; Altara, Raffaele; Eid, Ali H.; Wehbe, Zena; Fares, Souha; Zaraket, Hassan; Habeichi, Nada J.; Zouein, Fouad A. title: Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective date: 2020-09-11 journal: Eur J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547 sha: doc_id: 335138 cord_uid: 37czoiq8 file: cache/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.json key: cord-335244-kyg8rx4o authors: Hines, Kristen; Tulandi, Togas title: Publier en contexte de pandémie de COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Obstet Gynaecol Can DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 335244 cord_uid: kyg8rx4o file: cache/cord-335066-4xoo279v.json key: cord-335066-4xoo279v authors: Ahmed, Oli; Faisal, Rajib Ahmed; Sharker, Tanima; Lee, Sherman A.; Jobe, Mary C. title: Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale date: 2020-06-27 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00357-2 sha: doc_id: 335066 cord_uid: 4xoo279v file: cache/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.json key: cord-335141-ag3j8obh authors: Higgins, G.C.; Robertson, E.; Horsely, C.; McLean, N.; Douglas, J. title: FFP3 reusable respirators for COVID-19; adequate and suitable in the healthcare setting date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 335141 cord_uid: ag3j8obh file: cache/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.json key: cord-335292-x2vjzp18 authors: Nagashima, S.; Mendes, M. C.; Camargo Martins, A. P.; Borges, N. H.; Godoy, T. M.; Ribeiro, A. F. M.; Deziderio, F. d. S.; de Noronha, L.; Machado-Souza, C. title: The Endothelial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis Driving the SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Thrombosis date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133124 sha: doc_id: 335292 cord_uid: x2vjzp18 file: cache/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.json key: cord-335347-vxl2flbn authors: Diercks, Gillian R.; Park, Brian J.; Myers, Laura B.; Kwolek, Christopher J. title: Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Child with Nasal Foreign Body date: 2020-05-08 journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110092 sha: doc_id: 335347 cord_uid: vxl2flbn file: cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.json key: cord-335355-lcrbs2op authors: Kunutsor, Setor K.; Laukkanen, Jari A. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.045 sha: doc_id: 335355 cord_uid: lcrbs2op file: cache/cord-335252-med3c01q.json key: cord-335252-med3c01q authors: Fovet, Thomas; Lancelevee, Camille; Eck, Marion; Scouflaire, Tatiana; Becache, Eve; Dandelot, Dominique; Giravalli, Pascale; Guillard, Alexandre; Horrach, Pierre; Lacambre, Mathieu; Lefebvre, Tiphaine; Moncany, Anne-Hélène; Touitou, David; David, Michel; Thomas, Pierre title: Prisons confinées: quelles conséquences pour les soins psychiatriques et la santé mentale des personnes détenues en France? date: 2020-05-08 journal: Encephale DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 335252 cord_uid: med3c01q file: cache/cord-335404-s48psqth.json key: cord-335404-s48psqth authors: Mukandavire, Zindoga; Nyabadza, Farai; Malunguza, Noble J.; Cuadros, Diego F.; Shiri, Tinevimbo; Musuka, Godfrey title: Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios date: 2020-07-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236003 sha: doc_id: 335404 cord_uid: s48psqth file: cache/cord-335203-reek3z4e.json key: cord-335203-reek3z4e authors: Salman, M.; Raza, M. H.; Mustafa, Z. U.; Khan, T. M.; Asif, N.; Tahir, H.; Shehzadi, N.; Hussain, K. title: The psychological effects of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers and how they are coping: a web-based, cross-sectional study from Pakistan date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 sha: doc_id: 335203 cord_uid: reek3z4e file: cache/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.json key: cord-335316-x2t5h5gu authors: Madariaga, M. L. L.; Guthmiller, J.; Schrantz, S.; Jansen, M.; Christenson, C.; Kumar, M.; Prochaska, M.; Wool, G.; Durkin, A.; Oh, W. H.; Trockman, L.; Vigneswaran, J.; Keskey, R.; Shaw, D. G.; Dugan, H.; Zheng, N.; Cobb, M.; Utset, H.; Wang, J.; Stovicek, O.; Bethel, C.; Matushek, S.; Giurcanu, M.; Beavis, K.; diSabato, D.; Meltzer, D.; Ferguson, M.; Kress, J. P.; Shanmugarajah, K.; Matthews, J.; Fung, J.; Wilson, P.; Alverdy, J. C.; Donington, J. title: Clinical predictors of donor antibody titer and correlation with recipient antibody response in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma clinical trial date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.21.20132944 sha: doc_id: 335316 cord_uid: x2t5h5gu file: cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.json key: cord-335373-17tcikxl authors: Paul, Elisabeth; Brown, Garrett W; Ridde, Valery title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 sha: doc_id: 335373 cord_uid: 17tcikxl file: cache/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.json key: cord-335213-0cji7tzq authors: Dowd, Jennifer Beam; Andriano, Liliana; Brazel, David M.; Rotondi, Valentina; Block, Per; Ding, Xuejie; Liu, Yan; Mills, Melinda C. title: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004911117 sha: doc_id: 335213 cord_uid: 0cji7tzq file: cache/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.json key: cord-335446-8l1vfsbc authors: Liao, M.; Liu, Y.; Yuan, J.; Wen, Y.; Xu, G.; Zhao, J.; Chen, L.; Li, J.; Wang, X.; Wang, F.; Liu, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z. title: The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing date: 2020-02-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.23.20026690 sha: doc_id: 335446 cord_uid: 8l1vfsbc file: cache/cord-335465-sckfkciz.json key: cord-335465-sckfkciz authors: Gupta, Rishi K.; Marks, Michael; Samuels, Thomas H. A.; Luintel, Akish; Rampling, Tommy; Chowdhury, Humayra; Quartagno, Matteo; Nair, Arjun; Lipman, Marc; Abubakar, Ibrahim; van Smeden, Maarten; Wong, Wai Keong; Williams, Bryan; Noursadeghi, Mahdad title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-25 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03498-2020 sha: doc_id: 335465 cord_uid: sckfkciz file: cache/cord-335386-eflyypev.json key: cord-335386-eflyypev authors: Steinman, Jonathan Baruch; Lum, Fok Moon; Ho, Peggy Pui-Kay; Kaminski, Naftali; Steinman, Lawrence title: Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics date: 2020-10-06 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012358117 sha: doc_id: 335386 cord_uid: eflyypev file: cache/cord-335272-jypxi99z.json key: cord-335272-jypxi99z authors: Sharma, Anupam Joya; Subramanyam, Malavika A. title: A cross-sectional study of psychological wellbeing of Indian adults during the Covid-19 lockdown: Different strokes for different folks date: 2020-09-03 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238761 sha: doc_id: 335272 cord_uid: jypxi99z file: cache/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.json key: cord-335175-7rvv2kzk authors: Saqlain, M.; Munir, M. M.; Ur Rehman, S.; Gulzar, A.; Naz, S.; Ahmed, Z.; Tahir, A. H.; Mashhood, M. title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063198 sha: doc_id: 335175 cord_uid: 7rvv2kzk file: cache/cord-335257-4uwoe841.json key: cord-335257-4uwoe841 authors: Cingolani, A.; Tummolo, A. M.; Montemurro, G.; Gremese, E.; Larosa, L.; Cipriani, M. C.; Pasciuto, G.; Liperoti, R.; Murri, R.; Pirronti, T.; Cauda, R.; Fantoni, M. title: Baricitinib as rescue therapy in a patient with COVID-19 with no complete response to sarilumab date: 2020-07-08 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01476-7 sha: doc_id: 335257 cord_uid: 4uwoe841 file: cache/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.json key: cord-335425-0wga3ch2 authors: Abdulsalam, Mohammad A.; Abdulsalam, Ahmad J.; Shehab, Diaa title: Generalized Status Epilepticus as a Possible Manifestation of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Acta Neurol Scand DOI: 10.1111/ane.13321 sha: doc_id: 335425 cord_uid: 0wga3ch2 file: cache/cord-335351-8hdok02n.json key: cord-335351-8hdok02n authors: Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal; Alnababteh, Muhtadi; Vedantam, Karthik; Alunikummannil, Jojo; Oweis, Emil S.; Shorr, Andrew F. title: Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date: 2020-10-27 journal: Respir Med DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106203 sha: doc_id: 335351 cord_uid: 8hdok02n file: cache/cord-335477-po201szv.json key: cord-335477-po201szv authors: O'Leary, Fenton; Pobre, Karl; Mariano, Maricel; Tan, Ker Fern; Jani, Shefali title: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date: 2020-09-21 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13653 sha: doc_id: 335477 cord_uid: po201szv file: cache/cord-335518-ti889uye.json key: cord-335518-ti889uye authors: Vianya-Estopa, Marta; Garcia-Porta, Nery; Piñero, David P; Mannion, Luisa Simo; Beukes, Eldre; S Wolffsohn, James; Allen, Peter M. title: Contact lens wear and care in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 journal: Cont Lens Anterior Eye DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.001 sha: doc_id: 335518 cord_uid: ti889uye file: cache/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.json key: cord-335265-kuc3v5m9 authors: Elghazawy, Hagar; Bakkach, Joaira; Zaghloul, Mohamed S; Abusanad, Atlal; Hussein, Mariam Mohamed; Alorabi, Mohamed; eldin, Nermean Bahie; Helal, Thanaa; Zaghloul, Tarek M; Venkatesulu, Bhanu Prasad; Elghazaly, Hesham; Al-Sukhun, Sana title: Implementation of breast cancer continuum of care in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 journal: Future oncology DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0574 sha: doc_id: 335265 cord_uid: kuc3v5m9 file: cache/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.json key: cord-335185-3qi29i6n authors: Hendry, Bruce M.; Stafford, Nina; Arnold, Ahran D.; Sangwaiya, Arvind; Manglam, Vijay; Rosen, Stuart D.; Arnold, Jayantha title: Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-26 journal: Pharmacol Res Perspect DOI: 10.1002/prp2.631 sha: doc_id: 335185 cord_uid: 3qi29i6n file: cache/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.json key: cord-335323-p7cv79ig authors: DeSerres, Joshua J.; Al-Shaqsi, Sultan Z.; Antonyshyn, Oleh M.; Fialkov, Jeffrey A. title: Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Craniofac Surg DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006654 sha: doc_id: 335323 cord_uid: p7cv79ig file: cache/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.json key: cord-335516-om7w8y0t authors: Larsen, Julie Brogaard; Pasalic, Leonardo; Hvas, Anne-Mette title: Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710006 sha: doc_id: 335516 cord_uid: om7w8y0t file: cache/cord-335510-eojmipzy.json key: cord-335510-eojmipzy authors: Boeckmans, Joost; Rodrigues, Robim M.; Demuyser, Thomas; Piérard, Denis; Vanhaecke, Tamara; Rogiers, Vera title: COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? date: 2020-04-08 journal: Arch Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1 sha: doc_id: 335510 cord_uid: eojmipzy file: cache/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.json key: cord-335560-fe4ixqdv authors: Pareek, Manish; Bangash, Mansoor N; Pareek, Nilesh; Pan, Daniel; Sze, Shirley; Minhas, Jatinder S; Hanif, Wasim; Khunti, Kamlesh title: Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority date: 2020-04-21 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30922-3 sha: doc_id: 335560 cord_uid: fe4ixqdv file: cache/cord-335578-u8b66oos.json key: cord-335578-u8b66oos authors: Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina; Oliveira, Eduardo A.; Martelli, Hercílio title: Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Is a Real Challenge for Brazil date: 2020-06-05 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00268 sha: doc_id: 335578 cord_uid: u8b66oos file: cache/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.json key: cord-335550-l7opl6b1 authors: Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie; John Maile, Edward; Majeed, Azeem title: Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts? date: 2020-05-14 journal: J R Soc Med DOI: 10.1177/0141076820925230 sha: doc_id: 335550 cord_uid: l7opl6b1 file: cache/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.json key: cord-335539-jc97qxm9 authors: Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda; Merianos, Ashley L.; Matt, Georg E. title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)” —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 journal: Environ Sci Technol DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02041 sha: doc_id: 335539 cord_uid: jc97qxm9 file: cache/cord-335549-fzusgbww.json key: cord-335549-fzusgbww authors: Newby, J.; O'Moore, K.; Tang, S.; Christensen, H.; Faasse, K. title: Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961 sha: doc_id: 335549 cord_uid: fzusgbww file: cache/cord-335593-cjb0daps.json key: cord-335593-cjb0daps authors: Romagnolo, Alberto; Balestrino, Roberta; Imbalzano, Gabriele; Ciccone, Giovannino; Riccardini, Franco; Artusi, Carlo Alberto; Bozzali, Marco; Ferrero, Bruno; Montalenti, Elisa; Montanaro, Elisa; Rizzone, Mario Giorgio; Vaula, Giovanna; Zibetti, Maurizio; Lopiano, Leonardo title: Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10123-y sha: doc_id: 335593 cord_uid: cjb0daps file: cache/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.json key: cord-335642-i0a1si8k authors: Lozada-Martínez, Ivan; Bolaño-Romero, María; Moscote-Salazar, Luis; Torres-Llinas, Daniela title: Letter to the Editor: ”Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care” date: 2020-11-03 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.059 sha: doc_id: 335642 cord_uid: i0a1si8k file: cache/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.json key: cord-335640-5qwoe4x6 authors: Abdi, Seifollah; Salarifar, Mojtaba; Mortazavi, Seyedeh Hamideh; Sadeghipour, Parham; Geraiely, Babak title: COVID-19 sends STEMI to quarantine!? date: 2020-05-20 journal: Clin Res Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01664-3 sha: doc_id: 335640 cord_uid: 5qwoe4x6 file: cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.json key: cord-335648-lbmhprjn authors: Estrich, Cameron G.; Mikkelsen, Matthew; Morrissey, Rachel; Geisinger, Maria L.; Ioannidou, Effie; Vujicic, Marko; Araujo, Marcelo W.B. title: Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Am Dent Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 335648 cord_uid: lbmhprjn file: cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.json key: cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 authors: Zachariah, Rony; Dar Berger, Selma; Thekkur, Pruthu; Khogali, Mohammed; Davtyan, Karapet; Kumar, Ajay M. V.; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Moses, Francis; Aslanyan, Garry; Aseffa, Abraham; Harries, Anthony D.; Reeder, John C. title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 journal: Trop Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030118 sha: doc_id: 335551 cord_uid: 1qc5b8a9 file: cache/cord-335610-3v8140b6.json key: cord-335610-3v8140b6 authors: Prasanth, D. S. N. B. K.; Murahari, Manikanta; Chandramohan, Vivek; Panda, Siva Prasad; Atmakuri, Lakshmana Rao; Guntupalli, Chakravarthi title: In silico identification of potential inhibitors from Cinnamon against main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-06-22 journal: J Biomol Struct Dyn DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1779129 sha: doc_id: 335610 cord_uid: 3v8140b6 file: cache/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.json key: cord-335619-t3yv5y7h authors: Wang, Song-mi; Tao, Fang; Hou, Yan; Zhang, Ai; Xiong, Hao; Sun, Jun-jie; Luo, Xiao-ping; Hao, Yan; Li, Jian-xin; Hu, Qun; Liu, Ai-guo title: Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in 299 Hospitalized Children with Hemato-oncological Diseases: A Multicenter Survey in Hubei, China date: 2020-08-07 journal: Curr Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2228-7 sha: doc_id: 335619 cord_uid: t3yv5y7h file: cache/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.json key: cord-335653-t3pvm8f9 authors: Escalon, Miguel X.; Raum, George; Tieppo Francio, Vinicius; Eubanks, James E.; Verduzco‐Gutierrez, Monica title: The immediate impact of the Coronavirus pandemic and resulting adaptations in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation medical education and practice date: 2020-07-23 journal: PM R DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12455 sha: doc_id: 335653 cord_uid: t3pvm8f9 file: cache/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.json key: cord-335720-pfo5oup7 authors: Riley, William T; Borja, Susan E; Hooper, Monica Webb; Lei, Ming; Spotts, Erica L; Phillips, John R W; Gordon, Joshua A; Hodes, Richard J; Lauer, Michael S; Schwetz, Tara A; Perez-Stable, Eliseo title: National Institutes of Health social and behavioral research in response to the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 journal: Transl Behav Med DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa075 sha: doc_id: 335720 cord_uid: pfo5oup7 file: cache/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.json key: cord-335744-haj5a7tf authors: Chibbaro, Salvatore title: How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice date: 2020-05-13 journal: Neurochirurgie DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 335744 cord_uid: haj5a7tf file: cache/cord-335768-ry5boej6.json key: cord-335768-ry5boej6 authors: Chauhan, Shaylika title: Comprehensive review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-01 journal: Biomed J DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.023 sha: doc_id: 335768 cord_uid: ry5boej6 file: cache/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.json key: cord-335711-15gjv6ae authors: Viganò, Chiara; Massironi, Sara; Pirola, Lorena; Cristoferi, Laura; Fichera, Maria; Bravo, Marianna; Mauri, Martina; Redaelli, Alessandro Ettore; Dinelli, Marco Emilio; Invernizzi, Pietro title: COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-19 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa244 sha: doc_id: 335711 cord_uid: 15gjv6ae file: cache/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.json key: cord-335625-z9ifjsil authors: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya; Shabarek, Nehad title: Lithium Toxicity in Two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-05-31 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8384 sha: doc_id: 335625 cord_uid: z9ifjsil file: cache/cord-335918-uc225mhn.json key: cord-335918-uc225mhn authors: nan title: COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network date: 2020-04-09 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.061 sha: doc_id: 335918 cord_uid: uc225mhn file: cache/cord-335792-1yjope1j.json key: cord-335792-1yjope1j authors: Osho, Asishana A.; Moonsamy, Philicia; Hibbert, Kathryn A.; Shelton, Kenneth T.; Trahanas, John M.; Attia, Rizwan Q.; Bloom, Jordan P.; Onwugbufor, Michael T.; D’Alessandro, David A.; Villavicencio, Mauricio A.; Sundt, Thoralf M.; Crowley, Jerome C.; Raz, Yuval; Funamoto, Masaki title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America date: 2020-05-22 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004084 sha: doc_id: 335792 cord_uid: 1yjope1j file: cache/cord-335767-omm04fg5.json key: cord-335767-omm04fg5 authors: Raabe, Vanessa N; Lighter, Jennifer; Caplan, Arthur L; Ratner, Adam J title: Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials date: 2020-05-27 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa656 sha: doc_id: 335767 cord_uid: omm04fg5 file: cache/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.json key: cord-335576-b34nc3ay authors: Tsai, Andrew; Diawara, Oumou; Nahass, Ronald G.; Brunetti, Luigi title: Impact of tocilizumab administration on mortality in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76187-y sha: doc_id: 335576 cord_uid: b34nc3ay file: cache/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.json key: cord-335894-6m0nnufu authors: Ceriello, Antonio; Standl, Eberhard; Catrinoiu, Doina; Itzhak, Baruch; Lalic, Nebojsa M.; Rahelic, Dario; Schnell, Oliver; Škrha, Jan; Valensi, Paul title: Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date: 2020-07-20 journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 sha: doc_id: 335894 cord_uid: 6m0nnufu file: cache/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.json key: cord-335597-anrzcsrt authors: nan title: 44. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie date: 2020-10-26 journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01745-3 sha: doc_id: 335597 cord_uid: anrzcsrt file: cache/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.json key: cord-335733-u1g03s2y authors: Lakshmanan, Hari Hara Sudhan; Pore, Adity A.; Kohs, Tia C. L.; Yazar, Feyza; Thompson, Rachel M.; Jurney, Patrick L.; Maddala, Jeevan; Olson, Sven R.; Shatzel, Joseph J.; Vanapalli, Siva A.; McCarty, Owen J. T. title: Design of a Microfluidic Bleeding Chip to Evaluate Antithrombotic Agents for Use in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-06 journal: Cell Mol Bioeng DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00644-x sha: doc_id: 335733 cord_uid: u1g03s2y file: cache/cord-335676-7ak53hto.json key: cord-335676-7ak53hto authors: Meftahi, Gholam Hossein; Jangravi, Zohreh; Sahraei, Hedayat; Bahari, Zahra title: The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of “inflame-aging” date: 2020-06-11 journal: Inflamm Res DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8 sha: doc_id: 335676 cord_uid: 7ak53hto file: cache/cord-335838-n1184x8g.json key: cord-335838-n1184x8g authors: Hsu, Caroline M.; Weiner, Daniel E. title: COVID-19 in Dialysis Patients: Outlasting and Outsmarting a Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 335838 cord_uid: n1184x8g file: cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.json key: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 authors: Kuhar, Hannah N.; Heilingoetter, Ashley; Bergman, Maxwell; Worobetz, Noah; Chiang, Tendy; Matrka, Laura title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 journal: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1177/0194599820930214 sha: doc_id: 335704 cord_uid: qejpc4x8 file: cache/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.json key: cord-335815-51ih0b2y authors: Lei, Lei; Huang, Xiaoming; Zhang, Shuai; Yang, Jinrong; Yang, Lin; Xu, Min title: Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China date: 2020-04-26 journal: Med Sci Monit DOI: 10.12659/msm.924609 sha: doc_id: 335815 cord_uid: 51ih0b2y file: cache/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.json key: cord-335855-bifx2nu9 authors: Herrmann, Jacob; Mori, Vitor; Bates, Jason H. T.; Suki, Béla title: Modeling lung perfusion abnormalities to explain early COVID-19 hypoxemia date: 2020-09-28 journal: Nat Commun DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18672-6 sha: doc_id: 335855 cord_uid: bifx2nu9 file: cache/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.json key: cord-335893-9cb8f2ds authors: Masud, Dhalia; Sharp, Olivia L.; Rosich-Medina, Anais; Köhler, Guido; Haywood, Richard M. title: Resuming autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-28 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.079 sha: doc_id: 335893 cord_uid: 9cb8f2ds file: cache/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.json key: cord-335795-hdko0zdw authors: Wamsley, Christine E; Kramer, Alan; Kenkel, Jeffrey M; Amirlak, Bardia title: Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in an Academic Institution: The Unforeseen Benefits of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 journal: Aesthet Surg J DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa212 sha: doc_id: 335795 cord_uid: hdko0zdw file: cache/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.json key: cord-335916-fh28qrt7 authors: Liu, Cuiwei; Zhao, Yanxia; Okwan-Duodu, Derick; Basho, Reva; Cui, Xiaojiang title: COVID-19 in cancer patients: risk, clinical features, and management date: 2020-08-15 journal: Cancer Biol Med DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0289 sha: doc_id: 335916 cord_uid: fh28qrt7 file: cache/cord-335859-k37jivp6.json key: cord-335859-k37jivp6 authors: Wu, Daphne C.; Jha, Prabhat; Lam, Teresa; Brown, Patrick; Gelband, Hellen; Nagelkerke, Nico; Birnboim, H. Chaim; Reid, Angus title: Predictors of self-reported symptoms and testing for COVID-19 in Canada using a nationally representative survey date: 2020-10-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240778 sha: doc_id: 335859 cord_uid: k37jivp6 file: cache/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.json key: cord-335951-m1e9raz3 authors: Rojek, A.; Dutch, M.; Peyton, D.; Pelly, R.; Putland, M.; Hiscock, H.; Knott, J. title: A cross-sectional study of patients presenting for hospital-based screening for COVID-19: risk of disease, and healthcare access preferences. date: 2020-04-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067207 sha: doc_id: 335951 cord_uid: m1e9raz3 file: cache/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.json key: cord-336005-nm34bfsl authors: Mahan, Keenan; Kabrhel, Christopher; Goldsmith, Andrew J. title: Abdominal pain in a patient with COVID-19 infection: A case of multiple thromboemboli date: 2020-05-26 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.054 sha: doc_id: 336005 cord_uid: nm34bfsl file: cache/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.json key: cord-335942-izl6nrsa authors: Mitra, Manasij; Basu, Maitraye title: A Study on Challenges to Health Care Delivery Faced by Cancer Patients in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Prim Care Community Health DOI: 10.1177/2150132720942705 sha: doc_id: 335942 cord_uid: izl6nrsa file: cache/cord-336039-s2alwzov.json key: cord-336039-s2alwzov authors: Lebrasseur, Audrey; Fortin-Bédard, Noémie; Lettre, Josiane; Bussières, Eve-Line; Best, Krista; Boucher, Normand; Hotton, Mathieu; Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon; Mercier, Catherine; Lamontagne, Marie-Eve; Routhier, François title: Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review date: 2020-11-01 journal: Disabil Health J DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014 sha: doc_id: 336039 cord_uid: s2alwzov file: cache/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.json key: cord-336053-cjq7szcn authors: Mottola, Filiberto Fausto; Verde, Nicoletta; Ricciolino, Riccardo; Di Mauro, Marco; Migliaccio, Marco Giuseppe; Carfora, Vincenzo; Spiniello, Giorgio; Coppola, Nicola title: Cardiovascular System in COVID-19: Simply a Viewer or a Leading Actor? date: 2020-08-27 journal: Life (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/life10090165 sha: doc_id: 336053 cord_uid: cjq7szcn file: cache/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.json key: cord-336000-v88bq4bx authors: Barco, Stefano; Bingisser, Roland; Colucci, Giuseppe; Frenk, André; Gerber, Bernhard; Held, Ulrike; Mach, Francois; Mazzolai, Lucia; Righini, Marc; Rosemann, Thomas; Sebastian, Tim; Spescha, Rebecca; Stortecky, Stefan; Windecker, Stephan; Kucher, Nils title: Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (the OVID study): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-09-09 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04678-4 sha: doc_id: 336000 cord_uid: v88bq4bx file: cache/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.json key: cord-336064-8b5cvll7 authors: Bolaño-Ortiz, Tomás R.; Camargo-Caicedo, Yiniva; Puliafito, Salvador Enrique; Ruggeri, María Florencia; Bolaño-Diaz, Sindy; Pascual-Flores, Romina; Saturno, Jorge; Ibarra-Espinosa, Sergio; Mayol-Bracero, Olga L.; Torres-Delgado, Elvis; Cereceda-Balic, Francisco title: Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: a look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators date: 2020-07-15 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109938 sha: doc_id: 336064 cord_uid: 8b5cvll7 file: cache/cord-336071-t7c0drft.json key: cord-336071-t7c0drft authors: Chiyomaru, Katsumi; Takemoto, Kazuhiro title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 sha: doc_id: 336071 cord_uid: t7c0drft file: cache/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.json key: cord-336115-7ykvl3u6 authors: Binns, Colin; Low, Wah Yun; Kyung, Lee Mi title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health and Epidemiology date: 2020-05-19 journal: Asia Pac J Public Health DOI: 10.1177/1010539520929223 sha: doc_id: 336115 cord_uid: 7ykvl3u6 file: cache/cord-336049-n3swuykg.json key: cord-336049-n3swuykg authors: Ahmed, Mubbasheer; Advani, Shailesh; Moreira, Axel; Zoretic, Sarah; Martinez, John; Chorath, Kevin; Acosta, Sebastian; Naqvi, Rija; Burmeister-Morton, Finn; Burmeister, Fiona; Tarriela, Aina; Petershack, Matthew; Evans, Mary; Hoang, Ansel; Rajasekaran, Karthik; Ahuja, Sunil; Moreira, Alvaro title: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review date: 2020-09-04 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100527 sha: doc_id: 336049 cord_uid: n3swuykg file: cache/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.json key: cord-336133-kpzjrj15 authors: Choi, Kristen R.; Skrine Jeffers, Kia; Cynthia Logsdon, M. title: Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak date: 2020-04-15 journal: J Adv Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jan.14369 sha: doc_id: 336133 cord_uid: kpzjrj15 file: cache/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.json key: cord-336163-7xqmuoye authors: van Dongen, Christel MP; Janssen, Marlou THF; van der Horst, Robrecht PJ; van Kraaij, Dave JW; Peeters, Ralph HRM; van den Toorn, Leon M; Mostard, Rémy LM title: Unusually Rapid Development of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure after COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-17 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001784 sha: doc_id: 336163 cord_uid: 7xqmuoye file: cache/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.json key: cord-336004-oz5feg0r authors: Bui, David P.; McCaffrey, Keegan; Friedrichs, Michael; LaCross, Nathan; Lewis, Nathaniel M.; Sage, Kylie; Barbeau, Bree; Vilven, Dede; Rose, Carolyn; Braby, Sara; Willardson, Sarah; Carter, Amy; Smoot, Christopher; Winquist, Andrea; Dunn, Angela title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among COVID-19 Cases in Workplace Outbreaks by Industry Sector — Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020 date: 2020-08-21 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e3 sha: doc_id: 336004 cord_uid: oz5feg0r file: cache/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.json key: cord-336148-50ovfwvo authors: Arnold, D. T.; Attwood, M.; Barratt, S.; Elvers, K.; Morley, A.; McKernon, J.; Oates, A.; Donald, C.; Noel, A.; MacGowan, A.; Maskell, N. A.; Hamilton, F. title: Blood parameters measured on admission as predictors of outcome for COVID-19; a prospective UK cohort study date: 2020-06-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20137935 sha: doc_id: 336148 cord_uid: 50ovfwvo file: cache/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.json key: cord-336076-go5tk6ni authors: Burke, Rachel M.; Killerby, Marie E.; Newton, Suzanne; Ashworth, Candace E.; Berns, Abby L.; Brennan, Skyler; Bressler, Jonathan M.; Bye, Erica; Crawford, Richard; Harduar Morano, Laurel; Lewis, Nathaniel M.; Markus, Tiffanie M.; Read, Jennifer S.; Rissman, Tamara; Taylor, Joanne; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Midgley, Claire M.; Balachandran, Neha; Dahl, Rebecca M.; Dott, Mary; Gilani, Zunera; Grober, Aaron; Leung, Jessica; O’Hegarty, Michelle; Person, John; Ricaldi, Jessica N.; Roth, Nicole M.; Sejvar, James J.; Shimabukuro, Tom; Tran, Cuc H.; Watson, John T.; Whitham, Hilary; Chiou, Howard; Clogher, Paula; Duca, Lindsey M.; Dratch, Alissa; Feldpausch, Amanda; Fill, Mary-Margaret; Ghinai, Isaac; Holshue, Michelle; Scott, Sarah; Westergaard, Ryan title: Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 — United States, January–April 2020 date: 2020-07-17 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a2 sha: doc_id: 336076 cord_uid: go5tk6ni file: cache/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.json key: cord-336217-t4wm1k52 authors: Mehta, Bella; Jannat-Khah, Deanna; Mancuso, Carol A.; Bass, Anne R.; Moezinia, Carine J; Gibofsky, Allan; Goodman, Susan M.; Ibrahim, Said title: Geographical variations in COVID-19 Perceptions and Patient Management: A National Survey of Rheumatologists date: 2020-07-06 journal: Semin Arthritis Rheum DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 336217 cord_uid: t4wm1k52 file: cache/cord-336252-e92omqyr.json key: cord-336252-e92omqyr authors: Chen, Tracy Yixin; Farghaly, Sara; Cham, Samantha; Tatem, Luis Lantigua; Sin, Jonathan H.; Rauda, Roberto; Ribisi, Maria; Sumrani, Nabil title: COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management date: 2020-07-06 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13378 sha: doc_id: 336252 cord_uid: e92omqyr file: cache/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.json key: cord-336257-f6yglaz8 authors: Forte, Giuseppe; Favieri, Francesca; Tambelli, Renata; Casagrande, Maria title: The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061802 sha: doc_id: 336257 cord_uid: f6yglaz8 file: cache/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.json key: cord-336204-zz99v3ht authors: Seo, Wan Seok; Kim, Seong Ho; Song, Si Youn; Hur, Jian; Lee, Jun; Choi, Sunho; Lee, Yoojung; Bai, Dai Seg title: Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening system: a rapid and safe screening system date: 2020-09-18 journal: Yeungnam Univ J Med DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00640 sha: doc_id: 336204 cord_uid: zz99v3ht file: cache/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.json key: cord-336175-khkkxcwr authors: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: The principle of distance during COVID-19 outbreak in Korea date: 2020-07-27 journal: Int Microbiol DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00138-w sha: doc_id: 336175 cord_uid: khkkxcwr file: cache/cord-336258-dxps48bo.json key: cord-336258-dxps48bo authors: Lee, Anne W.M.; Xu, Zhi-Yuan; Lin, Lily; Xu, Joy; Yang, Jin; Lee, Eric; Hui, Tim; Cheung, Jacob title: Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic – Actions at 3-Levels date: 2020-05-08 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.031 sha: doc_id: 336258 cord_uid: dxps48bo file: cache/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.json key: cord-336172-nzsa7qhb authors: Looi, Jeffrey CL; Pring, William title: To tele- or not to telehealth? Ongoing COVID-19 challenges for private psychiatry in Australia date: 2020-08-26 journal: Australas Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/1039856220950081 sha: doc_id: 336172 cord_uid: nzsa7qhb file: cache/cord-336178-k8za0doe.json key: cord-336178-k8za0doe authors: Afshar, Parnian; Heidarian, Shahin; Naderkhani, Farnoosh; Oikonomou, Anastasia; Plataniotis, Konstantinos N.; Mohammadi, Arash title: COVID-CAPS: A Capsule Network-based Framework for Identification of COVID-19 cases from X-ray Images date: 2020-09-16 journal: Pattern Recognit Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 336178 cord_uid: k8za0doe file: cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.json key: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq authors: Sanderson, William C.; Arunagiri, Vinushini; Funk, Allison P.; Ginsburg, Karen L.; Krychiw, Jacqueline K.; Limowski, Anne R.; Olesnycky, Olenka S.; Stout, Zoe title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Contemp Psychother DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 sha: doc_id: 336283 cord_uid: 3q0ujnjq file: cache/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.json key: cord-336390-ptnpgh3j authors: Passamonti, Francesco; Cattaneo, Chiara; Arcaini, Luca; Bruna, Riccardo; Cavo, Michele; Merli, Francesco; Angelucci, Emanuele; Krampera, Mauro; Cairoli, Roberto; Della Porta, Matteo Giovanni; Fracchiolla, Nicola; Ladetto, Marco; Gambacorti Passerini, Carlo; Salvini, Marco; Marchetti, Monia; Lemoli, Roberto; Molteni, Alfredo; Busca, Alessandro; Cuneo, Antonio; Romano, Alessandra; Giuliani, Nicola; Galimberti, Sara; Corso, Alessandro; Morotti, Alessandro; Falini, Brunangelo; Billio, Atto; Gherlinzoni, Filippo; Visani, Giuseppe; Tisi, Maria Chiara; Tafuri, Agostino; Tosi, Patrizia; Lanza, Francesco; Massaia, Massimo; Turrini, Mauro; Ferrara, Felicetto; Gurrieri, Carmela; Vallisa, Daniele; Martelli, Maurizio; Derenzini, Enrico; Guarini, Attilio; Conconi, Annarita; Cuccaro, Annarosa; Cudillo, Laura; Russo, Domenico; Ciambelli, Fabrizio; Scattolin, Anna Maria; Luppi, Mario; Selleri, Carmine; Ortu La Barbera, Elettra; Ferrandina, Celestino; Di Renzo, Nicola; Olivieri, Attilio; Bocchia, Monica; Gentile, Massimo; Marchesi, Francesco; Musto, Pellegrino; Federici, Augusto Bramante; Candoni, Anna; Venditti, Adriano; Fava, Carmen; Pinto, Antonio; Galieni, Piero; Rigacci, Luigi; Armiento, Daniele; Pane, Fabrizio; Oberti, Margherita; Zappasodi, Patrizia; Visco, Carlo; Franchi, Matteo; Grossi, Paolo Antonio; Bertù, Lorenza; Corrao, Giovanni; Pagano, Livio; Corradini, Paolo title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study date: 2020-08-13 journal: The Lancet Haematology DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30251-9 sha: doc_id: 336390 cord_uid: ptnpgh3j file: cache/cord-336194-5v395xae.json key: cord-336194-5v395xae authors: Darafsheh, Arash; Lavvafi, Hossein; Taleei, Reza; Khan, Rao title: Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Appl Clin Med Phys DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12896 sha: doc_id: 336194 cord_uid: 5v395xae file: cache/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.json key: cord-336298-odl1nv4i authors: Wang, Xiaoqiang; Tian, Weitian; Lv, Xin; Shi, Yumiao; Zhou, Xiaoxin; Yu, Weifeng; Su, Diansan; Tian, Jie title: Effects of Chinese strategies for controlling the diffusion and deterioration of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China date: 2020-03-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.20032755 sha: doc_id: 336298 cord_uid: odl1nv4i file: cache/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.json key: cord-336177-p7b7yw28 authors: Selvi, Valeria title: Convalescent Plasma: A Challenging Tool to Treat COVID-19 Patients—A Lesson from the Past and New Perspectives date: 2020-09-22 journal: Biomed Res Int DOI: 10.1155/2020/2606058 sha: doc_id: 336177 cord_uid: p7b7yw28 file: cache/cord-336320-riedcgus.json key: cord-336320-riedcgus authors: Pacheco, J.; Crispi, F.; Alfaro, T.; Martinez, M. S.; Cuadrado, C. title: Gender disparities in access to care for time-sensitive conditions during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile date: 2020-09-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192880 sha: doc_id: 336320 cord_uid: riedcgus file: cache/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.json key: cord-336397-mgrezzmw authors: Habib, Yasir; Xia, Enjun; Fareed, Zeeshan; Hashmi, Shujahat Haider title: Time–frequency co-movement between COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO(2) emissions: Fresh global insights from partial and multiple coherence approach date: 2020-10-11 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01031-2 sha: doc_id: 336397 cord_uid: mgrezzmw file: cache/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.json key: cord-336453-cbq0ui4p authors: Machitori, Akihiro; Noguchi, Tomoyuki; Kawata, Yusuke; Horioka, Nobuhiko; Nishie, Akihiro; Kakihara, Daisuke; Ishigami, Kousei; Aoki, Shigeki; Imai, Yutaka title: Computed tomography surveillance helps tracking COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-07 journal: Jpn J Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-01026-z sha: doc_id: 336453 cord_uid: cbq0ui4p file: cache/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.json key: cord-336373-xb3jrg75 authors: Vivas, Esther X. title: COVID19 and Otology/Neurotology date: 2020-08-22 journal: Otolaryngol Clin North Am DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 336373 cord_uid: xb3jrg75 file: cache/cord-336268-azgswke8.json key: cord-336268-azgswke8 authors: Porcel-Vazquez, Juan A.; Andres-Peiro, Jose V.; Garcia-Sanchez, Yaiza; Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto; Mestre-Torres, Jaume; Minguell-Monyart, Joan; Molero-Garcia, Vicente; Selga Marsa, Jordi; Tomas-Hernandez, Jordi; Villar-Casares, Maria del Mar; Bhandari, Mohit; Teixidor-Serra, Jordi title: Usefulness of PCR Screening in the Initial Triage of Trauma Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001903 sha: doc_id: 336268 cord_uid: azgswke8 file: cache/cord-336432-tu00gffr.json key: cord-336432-tu00gffr authors: Wang, Zhiyu; Wang, Yanfei; Vilekar, Prachi; Yang, Seung-Pil; Gupta, Mayuri; Oh, Myong In; Meek, Autumn; Doyle, Lisa; Villar, Laura; Brennecke, Anja; Liyanage, Imindu; Reed, Mark; Barden, Christopher; Weaver, Donald F. title: Small molecule therapeutics for COVID-19: repurposing of inhaled furosemide date: 2020-07-07 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9533 sha: doc_id: 336432 cord_uid: tu00gffr file: cache/cord-336481-vrnxu217.json key: cord-336481-vrnxu217 authors: Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta; Pereira, Ana Paula Sulino; Araújo, Daniel Cardoso de Almeida e; Balbão, Viviane da Mata Pasti; da Fonseca, Benedito Antônio Lopes; Passos, Afonso Dinis Costa; Bellissimo-Rodrigues, Fernando title: Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil date: 2020-09-18 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0619-2020 sha: doc_id: 336481 cord_uid: vrnxu217 file: cache/cord-336488-opjjowcq.json key: cord-336488-opjjowcq authors: Kenanidis, Eustathios; Anagnostis, Panagiotis; Arvaniti, Kostoula; Potoupnis, Michael E; Tsiridis, Eleftherios title: Organizing an Orthopaedic Department During COVID-19 Pandemic to Mitigate In-Hospital Transmission: Experience From Greece date: 2020-06-17 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8676 sha: doc_id: 336488 cord_uid: opjjowcq file: cache/cord-336467-w528t92h.json key: cord-336467-w528t92h authors: Anderson, Diana C.; Grey, Thomas; Kennelly, Sean; O'Neill, Desmond title: Nursing Home Design and COVID-19: Balancing Infection Control, Quality of Life, and Resilience date: 2020-10-31 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.005 sha: doc_id: 336467 cord_uid: w528t92h file: cache/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.json key: cord-336497-vzenzbw1 authors: Busch-Hallen, Jenny; Walters, Dylan; Rowe, Sarah; Chowdhury, Archana; Arabi, Mandana title: Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health date: 2020-08-03 journal: Lancet Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30327-2 sha: doc_id: 336497 cord_uid: vzenzbw1 file: cache/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.json key: cord-336455-dmaatzjc authors: Kooraki, Soheil; Hosseiny, Melina; Myers, Lee; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali title: Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.028 sha: doc_id: 336455 cord_uid: dmaatzjc file: cache/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.json key: cord-336543-ydrmlujj authors: Cavalli, Eugenio; Bramanti, Alessia; Ciurleo, Rosella; Tchorbanov, Andrey I.; Giordano, Antonio; Fagone, Paolo; Belizna, Cristina; Bramanti, Placido; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Nicoletti, Ferdinando title: Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review) date: 2020-06-25 journal: Int J Mol Med DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4659 sha: doc_id: 336543 cord_uid: ydrmlujj file: cache/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.json key: cord-336669-i7yul1c1 authors: Walsh, Mary Norine; Sorgente, Antonio; Fischman, David L.; Bates, Eric R.; Grapsa, Julia title: COVID-19 pandemic and cardiovascular complications: what have we learned so far? date: 2020-06-15 journal: JACC Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 336669 cord_uid: i7yul1c1 file: cache/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.json key: cord-336438-mlgxiyur authors: Huda, Farhanul; Kumar, Praveen; Singh, Sudhir K.; Agarwal, Saumya; Basu, Somprakas title: Covid-19 and surgery: Challenging issues in the face of new normal – A narrative review date: 2020-10-23 journal: Ann Med Surg (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.039 sha: doc_id: 336438 cord_uid: mlgxiyur file: cache/cord-336499-5flknpp4.json key: cord-336499-5flknpp4 authors: Ahmed, Aziza title: How the COVID-19 Response is Altering the Legal and Regulatory Landscape on Abortion date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Law Biosci DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa012 sha: doc_id: 336499 cord_uid: 5flknpp4 file: cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.json key: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr authors: Megahed, Naglaa A.; Ghoneim, Ehab M. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: Sustain Cities Soc DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350 sha: doc_id: 336549 cord_uid: xjrrw0wr file: cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.json key: cord-336395-v157jzvv authors: Battaglini, Denise; Robba, Chiara; Caiffa, Salvatore; Ball, Lorenzo; Brunetti, Iole; Loconte, Maurizio; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Vena, Antonio; Patroniti, Nicolò; Bassetti, Matteo; Torres, Antoni; Rocco, Patricia RM; Pelosi, Paolo title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 journal: Respir Physiol Neurobiol DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103529 sha: doc_id: 336395 cord_uid: v157jzvv file: cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.json key: cord-336447-hpnkou41 authors: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 journal: Rambam Maimonides Med J DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10418 sha: doc_id: 336447 cord_uid: hpnkou41 file: cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.json key: cord-336563-hwemigk7 authors: Bhimraj, Adarsh; Morgan, Rebecca L; Shumaker, Amy Hirsch; Lavergne, Valery; Baden, Lindsey; Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Edwards, Kathryn M; Gandhi, Rajesh; Muller, William J; O’Horo, John C; Shoham, Shmuel; Murad, M Hassan; Mustafa, Reem A; Sultan, Shahnaz; Falck-Ytter, Yngve title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478 sha: doc_id: 336563 cord_uid: hwemigk7 file: cache/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.json key: cord-336702-2qa4u8gv authors: Agarwal, Sangya; June, Carl H. title: Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 journal: Cancer Discov DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0473 sha: doc_id: 336702 cord_uid: 2qa4u8gv file: cache/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.json key: cord-336735-pk7sx81r authors: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan; Connolly, Anne M.; Finkel, Richard S.; Arya, Kapil; Mathews, Katherine D.; Smith, Edward C.; Castro, Diana; Butterfield, Russell J.; Parsons, Julie A.; Servais, Laurent; Kuntz, Nancy; Rao, Vamshi K.; Brandsema, John F.; Mercuri, Eugenio; Ciafaloni, Emma title: Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID‐19 pandemic era date: 2020-05-03 journal: Muscle Nerve DOI: 10.1002/mus.26903 sha: doc_id: 336735 cord_uid: pk7sx81r file: cache/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.json key: cord-336585-19vwpjkt authors: Adem, Şevki; Eyupoglu, Volkan; Sarfraz, Iqra; Rasul, Azhar; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad; Ali, Muhammad; Abdalla, Mohnad; Ibrahim, Ibrahim M; Elfiky, Abdo A title: Caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: CAFDs-based functional foods as a potential alternative approach to combat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-22 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153310 sha: doc_id: 336585 cord_uid: 19vwpjkt file: cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.json key: cord-336614-u6alc6rs authors: Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M.; López-Carmona, María D.; Quevedo-Marín, Juan L.; Ricci, Michele; Martín-Carmona, Jesica; Sanz-Cánovas, Jaime; López-Sampalo, Almudena; Martín-Escalante, María D.; Bernal-López, M. Rosa.; Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo title: Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date: 2020-09-19 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186845 sha: doc_id: 336614 cord_uid: u6alc6rs file: cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.json key: cord-336591-a31oe7kc authors: Wong, Martin; Huang, Junjie; Teoh, Jeremy; Wong, Sunny title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.044 sha: doc_id: 336591 cord_uid: a31oe7kc file: cache/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.json key: cord-336696-c3rbmysh authors: Oberfeld, Blake; Achanta, Aditya; Carpenter, Kendall; Chen, Pamela; Gilette, Nicole M.; Langat, Pinky; Said, Jordan Taylor; Schiff, Abigail E.; Zhou, Allen S.; Barczak, Amy K.; Pillai, Shiv title: SnapShot: COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.013 sha: doc_id: 336696 cord_uid: c3rbmysh file: cache/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.json key: cord-336769-5x6xjuew authors: Payne, Daniel C.; Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E.; Nowak, Gosia; Chukwuma, Uzo; Geibe, Jesse R.; Hawkins, Robert J.; Johnson, Jeffrey A.; Thornburg, Natalie J.; Schiffer, Jarad; Weiner, Zachary; Bankamp, Bettina; Bowen, Michael D.; MacNeil, Adam; Patel, Monita R.; Deussing, Eric; Gillingham, Bruce L.; Tiller, Rebekah; Galloway, Rene; Rogers, Shannon; Whitaker, Brett; Kondas, Ashley; Smith, Peyton; Lee, Christopher; Graziano, James title: SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020 date: 2020-06-12 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e4 sha: doc_id: 336769 cord_uid: 5x6xjuew file: cache/cord-336677-h62angfw.json key: cord-336677-h62angfw authors: Rousseau, Antoine; Fenolland, Jean-Rémi; Labetoulle, Marc title: Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19 Et Œil: Le Point Sur Les Données Publiées date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Fr Ophtalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 336677 cord_uid: h62angfw file: cache/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.json key: cord-336689-z3ayolzb authors: Gaur, Uma; Majumder, Md Anwarul Azim; Sa, Bidyadhar; Sarkar, Sankalan; Williams, Arlene; Singh, Keerti title: Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date: 2020-09-22 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00528-1 sha: doc_id: 336689 cord_uid: z3ayolzb file: cache/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.json key: cord-336794-ok6j19kf authors: Lu, Meiqi; Lu, Zhen; Zhang, Ting; Wang, Wei; Xue, Ye; Cao, Zhiqun title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-19 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020706 sha: doc_id: 336794 cord_uid: ok6j19kf file: cache/cord-336790-29im4gxw.json key: cord-336790-29im4gxw authors: Violetis, Odyssefs A.; Chasouraki, Angeliki M.; Giannou, Alexandra M.; Baraboutis, Ioannis G. title: COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings date: 2020-06-29 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00380-3 sha: doc_id: 336790 cord_uid: 29im4gxw file: cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.json key: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k authors: Singh, Thakur Uttam; Parida, Subhashree; Lingaraju, Madhu Cholenahalli; Kesavan, Manickam; Kumar, Dinesh; Singh, Raj Kumar title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 journal: Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 sha: doc_id: 336554 cord_uid: n8n5ii5k file: cache/cord-336732-9zp5agja.json key: cord-336732-9zp5agja authors: Williams, R. D.; Markus, A. F.; Yang, C.; Duarte Salles, T.; Falconer, T.; Jonnagaddala, J.; Kim, C.; Rho, Y.; Williams, A.; An, M. H.; Aragon, M.; Areia, C.; Burn, E.; Choi, Y.; Drakos, I.; Fernandes Abrahao, M.; Fernandez-Bertolin, S.; Hripcsak, G.; Kaas-Hansen, B.; Kandukuri, P.; Kostka, K.; Liaw, S.-T.; Machnicki, G.; Morales, D.; Nyberg, F.; Park, R. W.; Prats-Uribe, A.; Pratt, N.; Rivera, M.; Seinen, T.; Shoaibi, A.; Spotnitz, M. E.; Steyerberg, E. W.; Suchard, M. A.; You, S. C.; Zhang, L.; Zhou, L.; Ryan, P. B.; PRIETO-ALHAMBRA, D.; Reps, J. M.; Rijnbeek, P. R. title: Seek COVER: Development and validation of a personalized risk calculator for COVID-19 outcomes in an international network date: 2020-05-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20112649 sha: doc_id: 336732 cord_uid: 9zp5agja file: cache/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.json key: cord-336771-5hh1l1dt authors: Lemos, George Azevedo; Araújo, Diego Neves; de Lima, Fernando José Camello; Bispo, Rodrigo Freitas Monte title: Human anatomy education and management of anatomic specimens during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical, legal and biosafety aspects date: 2020-10-03 journal: Ann Anat DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151608 sha: doc_id: 336771 cord_uid: 5hh1l1dt file: cache/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.json key: cord-336782-0zkb39v1 authors: Fraile Gutiérrez, V.; Ayuela Azcárate, J. M.; Pérez Torres, D.; Zapata, L.; Rodríguez Yakushev, A. L.; Ochagavía Calvo, A. title: Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine date: 2020-11-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 336782 cord_uid: 0zkb39v1 file: cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.json key: cord-336753-4212ftlc authors: Luo, Lu; Jiang, Jingwen; Wang, Cheng; Fitzgerald, Martin; Hu, Weifeng; Zhou, Yumei; Zhang, Hui; Chen, Shilin title: Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: Acta Pharm Sin B DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007 sha: doc_id: 336753 cord_uid: 4212ftlc file: cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.json key: cord-336845-7ofgekoj authors: Donthu, Naveen; Gustafsson, Anders title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Bus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 336845 cord_uid: 7ofgekoj file: cache/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.json key: cord-336746-a0thtd1m authors: Uwins, C.; Bhandoria, G. title: COVID‐19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective date: 2020-06-03 journal: Br J Surg DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11728 sha: doc_id: 336746 cord_uid: a0thtd1m file: cache/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.json key: cord-336924-7xcbtn3q authors: Borghi, Maria Orietta; Beltagy, Asmaa; Garrafa, Emirena; Curreli, Daniele; Cecchini, Germana; Bodio, Caterina; Grossi, Claudia; Blengino, Simonetta; Tincani, Angela; Franceschini, Franco; Andreoli, Laura; Lazzaroni, Maria Grazia; Piantoni, Silvia; Masneri, Stefania; Crisafulli, Francesca; Brugnoni, Duilio; Muiesan, Maria Lorenza; Salvetti, Massimo; Parati, Gianfranco; Torresani, Erminio; Mahler, Michael; Heilbron, Francesca; Pregnolato, Francesca; Pengo, Martino; Tedesco, Francesco; Pozzi, Nicola; Meroni, Pier Luigi title: Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Are Different From Those Detectable in the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome date: 2020-10-15 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584241 sha: doc_id: 336924 cord_uid: 7xcbtn3q file: cache/cord-336954-rh88lod0.json key: cord-336954-rh88lod0 authors: Shim, Eunha; Tariq, Amna; Choi, Wongyeong; Lee, Yiseul; Chowell, Gerardo title: Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea date: 2020-03-18 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.031 sha: doc_id: 336954 cord_uid: rh88lod0 file: cache/cord-336922-ent5oimq.json key: cord-336922-ent5oimq authors: Solís, Patricio; Carreňo, Hiram title: COVID-19 Fatality and Comorbidity Risk Factors among Confirmed Patients in Mexico date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.21.20074591 sha: doc_id: 336922 cord_uid: ent5oimq file: cache/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.json key: cord-336822-cw37jrt2 authors: Dennison Himmelfarb, Cheryl R.; Baptiste, Diana title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Cardiovasc Nurs DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000710 sha: doc_id: 336822 cord_uid: cw37jrt2 file: cache/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.json key: cord-336865-ss4a6coi authors: Brunner, Maximilian; Krautz, Christian; Kersting, Stephan; Weber, Georg F.; Stinner, Benno; Benz, Stefan R.; Grützmann, Robert title: Oncological colorectal surgery during the COVID-19pandemic—a national survey date: 2020-07-29 journal: Int J Colorectal Dis DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03697-6 sha: doc_id: 336865 cord_uid: ss4a6coi file: cache/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.json key: cord-336942-2mvcyvbl authors: Liu, Cindy H.; Zhang, Emily; Wong, Ga Tin Fifi; Hyun, Sunah; Hahm, Hyeouk “Chris” title: Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health date: 2020-06-01 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172 sha: doc_id: 336942 cord_uid: 2mvcyvbl file: cache/cord-336810-77wq9laa.json key: cord-336810-77wq9laa authors: Klocperk, Adam; Bloomfield, Marketa; Parackova, Zuzana; Zentsova, Irena; Vrabcova, Petra; Balko, Jan; Meseznikov, Grigorij; Casas Mendez, Luis Fernando; Grandcourtova, Alzbeta; Sipek, Jan; Tulach, Martin; Zamecnik, Josef; Vymazal, Tomas; Sediva, Anna title: Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093000 sha: doc_id: 336810 cord_uid: 77wq9laa file: cache/cord-337026-osgi06o4.json key: cord-337026-osgi06o4 authors: Panoutsopoulos, Alexios A. title: Conjunctivitis as a Sentinel of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Need of Revision for Mild Symptoms date: 2020-06-19 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00360-7 sha: doc_id: 337026 cord_uid: osgi06o4 file: cache/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.json key: cord-337098-33yj5g5v authors: Agarwal, Shivani; Schechter, Clyde; Southern, Will; Crandall, Jill P.; Tomer, Yaron title: Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 journal: Diabetes Care DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1543 sha: doc_id: 337098 cord_uid: 33yj5g5v file: cache/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.json key: cord-337020-7dhx8f4x authors: El Haj, Mohamad; Altintas, Emin; Chapelet, Guillaume; Kapogiannis, Dimitrios; Gallouj, Karim title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer's disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis date: 2020-07-13 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113294 sha: doc_id: 337020 cord_uid: 7dhx8f4x file: cache/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.json key: cord-337163-i8ysgucd authors: Desai, Rupak; Singh, Sandeep; Parekh, Tarang; Sachdeva, Sonali; Kumar, Lekshmi; Sachdeva, Rajesh; Kumar, Gautam title: COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients from a Pooled Analysis date: 2020-04-10 journal: Ann Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.014 sha: doc_id: 337163 cord_uid: i8ysgucd file: cache/cord-336870-nirg3269.json key: cord-336870-nirg3269 authors: Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol; Dejenie, Tadesse Asmamaw; Shiferaw, Mestet Yibeltal; Malik, Tabarak title: The newly emerged COVID-19 disease: a systemic review date: 2020-07-08 journal: Virol J DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01363-5 sha: doc_id: 336870 cord_uid: nirg3269 file: cache/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.json key: cord-337142-3n9edoy8 authors: Djakpo, Dodji Kossi; Wang, Zhiquan; Zhang, Rong; Chen, Xin; Chen, Peng; Antoine, Malyn Martha Lilac Ketisha title: Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-07 journal: Biosci Rep DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200817 sha: doc_id: 337142 cord_uid: 3n9edoy8 file: cache/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.json key: cord-336940-6rgmpy5r authors: Russell, B. 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L. title: Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship date: 2020-08-04 journal: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x sha: doc_id: 336940 cord_uid: 6rgmpy5r file: cache/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.json key: cord-337186-5zwt2bfo authors: Fero, Katherine E.; Weinberger, James M.; Lerman, Steven; Bergman, Jonathan title: Perceived Impact of Urologic Surgery Training Program Modifications due to COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-06-06 journal: Urology DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.05.051 sha: doc_id: 337186 cord_uid: 5zwt2bfo file: cache/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.json key: cord-337061-nefb7a8c authors: Roberts, Stephanie A.; Williams, Coleen R.; Grimstad, Frances W. title: Considerations for Providing Pediatric Gender-Affirmative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-14 journal: J Adolesc Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.018 sha: doc_id: 337061 cord_uid: nefb7a8c file: cache/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.json key: cord-337275-phgfpzbt authors: Andrew, Jones; Nikolay, Strigul title: Is Spread of COVID-19 a Chaotic Epidemic? date: 2020-10-20 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110376 sha: doc_id: 337275 cord_uid: phgfpzbt file: cache/cord-337082-2xas41mj.json key: cord-337082-2xas41mj authors: Akoumianakis, Ioannis; Filippatos, Theodosios title: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity date: 2020-06-22 journal: Obes Rev DOI: 10.1111/obr.13077 sha: doc_id: 337082 cord_uid: 2xas41mj file: cache/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.json key: cord-337256-b3j3kg73 authors: Wang, Peipei; Zheng, Xinqi; Li, Jiayang; Zhu, Bangren title: Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics date: 2020-07-01 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110058 sha: doc_id: 337256 cord_uid: b3j3kg73 file: cache/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.json key: cord-337169-wv9n2e2o authors: Le Roux, Gael; Sinno-Tellier, Sandra; Descatha, Alexis title: COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period date: 2020-04-25 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30095-5 sha: doc_id: 337169 cord_uid: wv9n2e2o file: cache/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.json key: cord-337430-c2vdnml7 authors: Timpka, Toomas title: Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic date: 2020-05-02 journal: Sports Med DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01288-7 sha: doc_id: 337430 cord_uid: c2vdnml7 file: cache/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.json key: cord-337060-jkzbyqtm authors: Alqurshi, Abdulmalik title: Investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on pharmaceutical education in Saudi Arabia – A call for a remote teaching contingency strategy date: 2020-08-03 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 337060 cord_uid: jkzbyqtm file: cache/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.json key: cord-337269-bh3qbn3q authors: Bajracharya, Aliza; Gurung, Suja; Munakomi, Sunil title: Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath date: 2020-06-11 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.027 sha: doc_id: 337269 cord_uid: bh3qbn3q file: cache/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.json key: cord-337204-14gxpeaf authors: Piciucchi, Matteo; Sbrozzi-Vanni, Andrea; Rossi, Alice; Satriano, Alissa; Dell’Amico, Iginio; Francesco, Vincenzo De; Zullo, Angelo; Manta, Raffaele title: Preliminary considerations regarding the risk of COVID-19 and disease severity in chronic gastrointestinal conditions date: 2020-05-25 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0498 sha: doc_id: 337204 cord_uid: 14gxpeaf file: cache/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.json key: cord-337089-ksh62ni0 authors: Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina; Magalhães Duarte, Phelipe; Rahimi, Parastoo; Shahabinejad, Fatemeh; Dhakal, Santosh; Singh Malik, Yashpal; Shehata, Awad A.; Lama, Juan; Klein, Jörn; Safdar, Muhammad; Rahman, Md. Tanvir; Filipiak, Krzysztof J.; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Sobur, Md. Abdus; Kabir, Farrokhreza; Vazir, Bita; Mboera, Leonard; Caporale, Marco; Islam, Md. Saiful; Amuasi, John H.; Gharieb, Rasha; Roncada, Paola; Musaad, Sahar; Tilocca, Bruno; Koohi, Mohammad Kazem; Taghipour, Ali; Sait, Ahmet; Subbaram, Kannan; Jahandideh, Alireza; Mortazavi, Pejman; Abedini, Mohammad Amin; Hokey, David A.; Hogan, Unarose; Shaheen, Mohamed N. F.; Elaswad, Ahmed; Elhaig, Mahmoud M.; Fawzy, Mohamed title: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02534-2 sha: doc_id: 337089 cord_uid: ksh62ni0 file: cache/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.json key: cord-337302-fpz2jfuj authors: Abdihamid, Omar; Cai, Changjing; Kapesa, Linda; Zeng, Shan title: The Landscape of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: Prevalence, Impacts, and Recommendations date: 2020-09-23 journal: Cancer Manag Res DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s272008 sha: doc_id: 337302 cord_uid: fpz2jfuj file: cache/cord-337297-fkw8780t.json key: cord-337297-fkw8780t authors: Fan, Siyuan; Xiao, Meng; Han, Fei; Xia, Peng; Bai, Xiaoyin; Chen, Huan; Zhang, Hongmin; Ding, Xin; Zhao, Hua; Zhao, Jing; Sun, Xuefeng; Jiang, Wei; Wang, Chunyao; Cao, Wei; Guo, Fan; Tian, Ran; Gao, Peng; Wu, Wei; Ma, Jie; Wu, Dong; Liu, Zhengyin; Zhou, Xiang; Wang, Jinglan; Guan, Tianjia; Qin, Yan; Li, Taisheng; Xu, Yingchun; Zhang, Dong; Chen, Yu; Xie, Jing; Li, Yongzhe; Yan, Xiaowei; Zhu, Yicheng; Peng, Bin; Cui, Liying; Zhang, Shuyang; Guan, Hongzhi title: Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00806 sha: doc_id: 337297 cord_uid: fkw8780t file: cache/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.json key: cord-337452-zql4zhyk authors: Corral, L.; Bahamonde, A.; Arnaiz delas Revillas, F.; Gomez-Barquero, J.; Abadia-Otero, J.; Garcia-Ibarbia, C.; Mora, V.; cerezo-hernandez, A.; Hernandez, J. L.; Lopez-Muniz, G.; Hernandez-Blanco, F.; Cifrian, J. M.; Olmos, J. M.; Carrascosa, M.; farinas, m. C.; Riancho, J. A.; investigators, Glucocovid title: GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133579 sha: doc_id: 337452 cord_uid: zql4zhyk file: cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.json key: cord-337482-imxkpfrn authors: Koplan, Jeffrey; Ostroff, Samuel M.; Mokdad, Ali H. title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-6934 sha: doc_id: 337482 cord_uid: imxkpfrn file: cache/cord-337248-thzox29o.json key: cord-337248-thzox29o authors: Tsolaki, Vasiliki; Zakynthinos, George E.; Mantzarlis, Konstantinos title: Right ventricular dilation: The additive effect of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary embolism in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-04 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.057 sha: doc_id: 337248 cord_uid: thzox29o file: cache/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.json key: cord-337359-kvb7moqt authors: Wells, Mike title: Ideas and the origin of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210000 sha: doc_id: 337359 cord_uid: kvb7moqt file: cache/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.json key: cord-337456-fl5w81sp authors: Sperotto, Francesca; Wolfler, Andrea; Biban, Paolo; Montagnini, Luigi; Ocagli, Honoria; Comoretto, Rosanna; Gregori, Dario; Amigoni, Angela title: Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy date: 2020-10-18 journal: Eur J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03832-z sha: doc_id: 337456 cord_uid: fl5w81sp file: cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.json key: cord-337499-jzpgtkai authors: Yong Choi, Sung; Shin, Joongbo; Park, Woori; Choi, Nayeon; Sei Kim, Jong; i Choi, Chan; Ko, Jae-Hoon; Ryang Chung, Chi; Son, Young-Ik; Jeong, Han-Sin title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 journal: Oral Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104861 sha: doc_id: 337499 cord_uid: jzpgtkai file: cache/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.json key: cord-337220-yv7qdvzi authors: Demeke, Addis; Samaddar, Manalee; Alharbi, Mona G.; Al-Hindi, Rashad R.; Bhunia, Arun K. title: Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review date: 2020-09-08 journal: Mol Cell Probes DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101662 sha: doc_id: 337220 cord_uid: yv7qdvzi file: cache/cord-337436-3xzgv370.json key: cord-337436-3xzgv370 authors: Khider, Lina; Gendron, Nicolas; Goudot, Guillaume; Chocron, Richard; Hauw‐Berlemont, Caroline; Cheng, Charles; Rivet, Nadia; Pere, Helene; Roffe, Ariel; Clerc, Sébastien; Lebeaux, David; Debuc, Benjamin; Veyer, David; Rance, Bastien; Gaussem, Pascale; Bertil, Sébastien; Badoual, Cécile; Juvin, Philippe; Planquette, Benjamin; Messas, Emmanuel; Sanchez, Olivier; Hulot, Jean‐Sébastien; Diehl, Jean‐Luc; Mirault, Tristan; Smadja, David M. title: Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-18 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.14968 sha: doc_id: 337436 cord_uid: 3xzgv370 file: cache/cord-337605-s07aorzi.json key: cord-337605-s07aorzi authors: Leow, Lowell; Ng, Calvin S H; Mithiran, Harish title: Surgery beyond COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 journal: ANZ J Surg DOI: 10.1111/ans.16245 sha: doc_id: 337605 cord_uid: s07aorzi file: cache/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.json key: cord-337627-1a2gpqdl authors: Alvarado-Vasquez, Noé title: Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19? date: 2020-11-06 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110378 sha: doc_id: 337627 cord_uid: 1a2gpqdl file: cache/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.json key: cord-337646-gkcm6ds0 authors: nan title: The Federation’s Pages: WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations www.wfpha.org Bettina Borisch and Marta Lomazzi, Federation’s Pages Editors date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Public Health Policy DOI: 10.1057/s41271-020-00240-3 sha: doc_id: 337646 cord_uid: gkcm6ds0 file: cache/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.json key: cord-337598-86xnmxvi authors: Gil‐Rodrigo, Adriana; Llorens‐Soriano, Pere; Ramos‐Rincón, José‐Manuel title: Ultrasound in Pregnant Women With Suspected COVID‐19 Infection date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Ultrasound Med DOI: 10.1002/jum.15419 sha: doc_id: 337598 cord_uid: 86xnmxvi file: cache/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.json key: cord-337629-rwgqkow3 authors: Casale, Manuele; Rinaldi, Vittorio; Sabatino, Lorenzo; Moffa, Antonio; Ciccozzi, Massimo title: Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-08-15 journal: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol DOI: 10.1177/2058738420941757 sha: doc_id: 337629 cord_uid: rwgqkow3 file: cache/cord-337530-qgv29qql.json key: cord-337530-qgv29qql authors: Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati; Lamkaddem, Abdelaziz; Benouajjit, Abdelilah; El bouaazzaoui, Manar; El Houari, Farah; mohammed Alami; Labyad, Sanae; Chahidi, Abderrahman; Benjelloun, Meryem; Rabhi, Samira; Kissani, Najib; Zarhbouch, Benaissa; Ouazzani, Reda; Kadiri, Fouzia; Alouane, Rachid; Elbiaze, Mohamed; Boujraf, Said; El Fakir, Samira; Souirti, Zouhayr title: Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco date: 2020-08-12 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045 sha: doc_id: 337530 cord_uid: qgv29qql file: cache/cord-337460-60blhbcq.json key: cord-337460-60blhbcq authors: Yang, Ai-Ping; Li, Hui-Ming; Tao, Wen-Qiang; Yang, Xue-Jing; Wang, Min; Yang, Wen-Juan; Liu, Jian-Ping title: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients date: 2020-06-01 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103255 sha: doc_id: 337460 cord_uid: 60blhbcq file: cache/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.json key: cord-337674-mb6ue2hl authors: Voulgaris, Athanasios; Ferini-Strambi, Luigi; Steiropoulos, Paschalis title: Sleep medicine and COVID-19. Has a new era begun? date: 2020-07-17 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.010 sha: doc_id: 337674 cord_uid: mb6ue2hl file: cache/cord-337663-ow1l18li.json key: cord-337663-ow1l18li authors: Qu, Liang G.; Perera, Marlon; Lawrentschuk, Nathan; Umbas, Rainy; Klotz, Laurence title: Scoping review: hotspots for COVID-19 urological research: what is being published and from where? date: 2020-09-09 journal: World J Urol DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03434-2 sha: doc_id: 337663 cord_uid: ow1l18li file: cache/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.json key: cord-337581-3rmrkq1k authors: Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús; Leal-Costa, César; Moral-García, José Enrique; Ruzafa-Martínez, María title: Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-07-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155519 sha: doc_id: 337581 cord_uid: 3rmrkq1k file: cache/cord-337665-roelk7i5.json key: cord-337665-roelk7i5 authors: Bhattacharjee, Hemanga K.; Chaliyadan, Shafneed; Verma, Eshan; Kumaran, Keerthi; Bhargava, Priyank; Singh, Abhishek; Maitra, Souvik; Parshad, Rajinder title: Emergency Surgery during COVID-19: Lessons Learned date: 2020-09-30 journal: Surg J (N Y) DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716335 sha: doc_id: 337665 cord_uid: roelk7i5 file: cache/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.json key: cord-337677-ktktqs7b authors: Pereda, R.; Gonzalez, D.; Rivero, H. B.; Rivero, J. C.; Perez, a.; Lopez, L. d. R.; Mezquia, N.; Venegas, R.; Betancourt, J. R.; Dominguez, R. E. title: Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery date: 2020-08-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20157974 sha: doc_id: 337677 cord_uid: ktktqs7b file: cache/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.json key: cord-337599-dyxfsojh authors: Ahamad, Shakir; Branch, Scotty; Harrelson, Shea; Hussain, Mohd Kamil; Saquib, Mohammad; Khan, Saeed title: Primed for Global Coronavirus Pandemic: Emerging Research and Clinical Outcome date: 2020-09-19 journal: Eur J Med Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112862 sha: doc_id: 337599 cord_uid: dyxfsojh file: cache/cord-337670-3wq260lj.json key: cord-337670-3wq260lj authors: Joob, Beuy; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period date: 2020-03-31 journal: J Prev Med Public Health DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.065 sha: doc_id: 337670 cord_uid: 3wq260lj file: cache/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.json key: cord-337572-kx5hihnr authors: Ludwig, Stephan; Zarbock, Alexander title: Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004845 sha: doc_id: 337572 cord_uid: kx5hihnr file: cache/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.json key: cord-337632-2q6gm7n3 authors: Pearman, Ann; Hughes, MacKenzie L.; Smith, Emily L.; Neupert, Shevaun D. title: Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02065 sha: doc_id: 337632 cord_uid: 2q6gm7n3 file: cache/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.json key: cord-337751-ccf8w06i authors: Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo; Browne, Jorge; Madero-Cabib, Ignacio title: It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa092 sha: doc_id: 337751 cord_uid: ccf8w06i file: cache/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.json key: cord-337700-2n9tswr8 authors: Chilimuri, Sridhar; Sun, Haozhe; Alemam, Ahmed; Mantri, Nikhitha; Shehi, Elona; Tejada, Jairo; Yugay, Alla; Nayudu, Suresh K. title: Predictors of Mortality in Adults Admitted with COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study from New York City date: 2020-07-08 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.6.47919 sha: doc_id: 337700 cord_uid: 2n9tswr8 file: cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.json key: cord-337789-pabaoiqs authors: Oprinca, George-Călin; Muja, Lilioara-Alexandra title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 journal: Int J Legal Med DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02406-w sha: doc_id: 337789 cord_uid: pabaoiqs file: cache/cord-337760-joti9nwg.json key: cord-337760-joti9nwg authors: Buldú, Javier M.; Antequera, Daniel R.; Aguirre, Jacobo title: The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league date: 2020-06-04 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109964 sha: doc_id: 337760 cord_uid: joti9nwg file: cache/cord-337720-kmwft059.json key: cord-337720-kmwft059 authors: Closson, Kalysha; Lee, Melanie; Gibbs, Andrew; Kaida, Angela title: When Home is Not a Safe Place: Impacts of Social Distancing Directives on Women Living with HIV date: 2020-06-02 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02941-y sha: doc_id: 337720 cord_uid: kmwft059 file: cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.json key: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb authors: Mercer, Scott Thomas; Agarwal, Rishi; Dayananda, Kathryn Sian Satya; Yasin, Tariq; Trickett, Ryan W title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 journal: Perioper Care Oper Room Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100142 sha: doc_id: 337785 cord_uid: fwo0r4bb file: cache/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.json key: cord-337727-i0urwkcj authors: Aloysius, Mark M.; Thatti, Ashwin; Gupta, Anjalika; Sharma, Nishant; Bansal, Pardeep; Goyal, Hemant title: COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-05-08 journal: Pancreatology DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.003 sha: doc_id: 337727 cord_uid: i0urwkcj file: cache/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.json key: cord-337672-3a3ngzvo authors: Barzilay, Ran; Moore, Tyler M.; Greenberg, David M.; DiDomenico, Grace E.; Brown, Lily A.; White, Lauren K.; Gur, Ruben C.; Gur, Raquel E. title: Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers date: 2020-08-20 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4 sha: doc_id: 337672 cord_uid: 3a3ngzvo file: cache/cord-337763-kusqyumn.json key: cord-337763-kusqyumn authors: Alves, T. H. E.; Souza, T. A. d.; Silva, S. d. A.; Ramos, N. A.; Oliveira, S. V. d. title: Underreporting of death by COVID-19 in Brazil's second most populous state date: 2020-05-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108415 sha: doc_id: 337763 cord_uid: kusqyumn file: cache/cord-337681-579cz2tc.json key: cord-337681-579cz2tc authors: Sk, Md Fulbabu; Roy, Rajarshi; Jonniya, Nisha Amarnath; Poddar, Sayan; Kar, Parimal title: Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Biomol Struct Dyn DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1768149 sha: doc_id: 337681 cord_uid: 579cz2tc file: cache/cord-337813-r9okti1v.json key: cord-337813-r9okti1v authors: Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.014 sha: doc_id: 337813 cord_uid: r9okti1v file: cache/cord-337896-mct29erg.json key: cord-337896-mct29erg authors: Kornbluth, Asher; Kissous-Hunt, Michele; George, James; Legnani, Peter title: Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa212 sha: doc_id: 337896 cord_uid: mct29erg file: cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.json key: cord-337878-hiylqqie authors: Namasivayam, Abirami; Soe, Than; Palman, Jason title: Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date: 2020-09-14 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237142 sha: doc_id: 337878 cord_uid: hiylqqie file: cache/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.json key: cord-337692-b89ow1mf authors: Petti, S.; Cowling, B. J. title: Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries date: 2020-09-11 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002125 sha: doc_id: 337692 cord_uid: b89ow1mf file: cache/cord-337831-f408yix9.json key: cord-337831-f408yix9 authors: Prince, David S; Liu, Ken; Pavendranathan, Gokulan; Strasser, Simone I; Bollipo, Steven; Kanazaki, Ria title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia date: 2020-06-23 journal: J Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15159 sha: doc_id: 337831 cord_uid: f408yix9 file: cache/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.json key: cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 authors: Della Rosa, Asia; Goldstein, Asher title: What does COVID‐19 distract us from? A migration studies perspective on the inequities of attention date: 2020-05-18 journal: Soc Anthropol DOI: 10.1111/1469-8676.12899 sha: doc_id: 337796 cord_uid: 6qs6m7h7 file: cache/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.json key: cord-337906-qis8h3r3 authors: Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan; Harne, Prateek Suresh; Mukherjee, Samiran; Gupta, Kashvi; Masood, Umair; Sharma, Anuj Vikrant; Lamichhane, Jivan; Dhamoon, Amit Singh; Sapkota, Bishnu title: Transaminitis is an indicator of mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-27 journal: World J Hepatol DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i9.619 sha: doc_id: 337906 cord_uid: qis8h3r3 file: cache/cord-337842-q03884i9.json key: cord-337842-q03884i9 authors: Iaboni, Andrea; Cockburn, Amy; Marcil, Meghan; Rodrigues, Kevin; Marshall, Cecelia; Garcia, Mary Anne; Quirt, Hannah; Reynolds, Katelyn B.; Keren, Ron; Flint, Alastair J. title: Achieving Safe, Effective and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults with Dementia in Nursing Homes. date: 2020-05-04 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.025 sha: doc_id: 337842 cord_uid: q03884i9 file: cache/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.json key: cord-338049-en9ktl4s authors: Naarding, P.; Oude Voshaar, R.C.; Marijnissen, R.M. title: COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 338049 cord_uid: en9ktl4s file: cache/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.json key: cord-337946-qpa6tk6v authors: Hsu, C.-Y.; Lai, C.-C.; Yen, A. M.-F.; Chen, S. L.-S.; Chen, H.-H. title: Efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with a simulated two-arm controlled study date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088559 sha: doc_id: 337946 cord_uid: qpa6tk6v file: cache/cord-337837-5uynih1y.json key: cord-337837-5uynih1y authors: Nowakowski, Alexandra C H title: Brave New Lungs: Aging in the Shadow of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa118 sha: doc_id: 337837 cord_uid: 5uynih1y file: cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.json key: cord-338001-jig46hsk authors: Ong, Jacqueline S. M.; Tosoni, Alvise; Kim, YaeJean; Kissoon, Niranjan; Murthy, Srinivas title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 sha: doc_id: 338001 cord_uid: jig46hsk file: cache/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.json key: cord-337917-vvvo5t4h authors: Tempe, Dr. Deepak K.; Khilnani, Dr. Gopi C.; Passey, Dr. J.C.; Sherwal, Dr. BL title: Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.028 sha: doc_id: 337917 cord_uid: vvvo5t4h file: cache/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.json key: cord-337818-mhmc3ts8 authors: Majek, O.; Ngo, O.; Jarkovsky, J.; Komenda, M.; Razova, J.; Dusek, L.; Pavlik, T. title: Modelling the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic and the role of government interventions date: 2020-09-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20192070 sha: doc_id: 337818 cord_uid: mhmc3ts8 file: cache/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.json key: cord-337898-ncrbd8rp authors: Pal, Rimesh; Banerjee, Mainak title: Comment on “Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID‐19?” date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Diabetes DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13069 sha: doc_id: 337898 cord_uid: ncrbd8rp file: cache/cord-337995-z4rcczki.json key: cord-337995-z4rcczki authors: Moris, Dimitrios; Kesseli, Samuel J.; Barbas, Andrew S. title: Kidney Transplant Recipients Infected By COVID‐19: Review of the Initial Published Experience date: 2020-07-23 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13426 sha: doc_id: 337995 cord_uid: z4rcczki file: cache/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.json key: cord-338006-z7j6qsjs authors: Ramos-Martínez, Antonio; Fernández-Cruz, Ana; Domínguez, Fernando; Forteza, Alberto; Cobo, Marta; Sánchez-Romero, Isabel; Asensio, Ángel title: Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100080 sha: doc_id: 338006 cord_uid: z7j6qsjs file: cache/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.json key: cord-338097-kdrq81w5 authors: Brescia, Marilia D'Elboux Guimarães; Montenegro, Fabio Luiz de Menezes; Arap, Sergio Samir; Kulcsar, Marco Aurelio Valmondes; Tavares, Marcos Roberto; Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title: “Green July” 2020 and Another Good Reason to Quit Smoking: Help to Stop Spreading SARS-COV-2 and Save Lives! date: 2020-10-20 journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716571 sha: doc_id: 338097 cord_uid: kdrq81w5 file: cache/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.json key: cord-338024-8kq5nzv5 authors: Lee, Sokbae; Liao, Yuan; Seo, Myung Hwan; Shin, Youngki title: Sparse HP filter: Finding kinks in the COVID-19 contact rate() date: 2020-09-26 journal: J Econom DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 338024 cord_uid: 8kq5nzv5 file: cache/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.json key: cord-337965-z39q8ebq authors: Kvernland, Alexandra; Kumar, Arooshi; Yaghi, Shadi; Raz, Eytan; Frontera, Jennifer; Lewis, Ariane; Czeisler, Barry; Kahn, D. Ethan; Zhou, Ting; Ishida, Koto; Torres, Jose; Riina, Howard A.; Shapiro, Maksim; Nossek, Erez; Nelson, Peter K.; Tanweer, Omar; Gordon, David; Jain, Rajan; Dehkharghani, Seena; Henninger, Nils; de Havenon, Adam; Grory, Brian Mac; Lord, Aaron; Melmed, Kara title: Anticoagulation use and Hemorrhagic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated at a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-08-24 journal: Neurocrit Care DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01077-0 sha: doc_id: 337965 cord_uid: z39q8ebq file: cache/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.json key: cord-338086-87wfjiqm authors: Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos; Vicente-Herrero, Mª Teofila; del Campo, Mª Teresa; Reinoso-Barbero, Luis; de la Hoz, Rafael E; Delclos, George L; Kales, Stefanos N; Fernandez-Montero, Alejandro title: Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Occup Med (Lond) DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa099 sha: doc_id: 338086 cord_uid: 87wfjiqm file: cache/cord-337958-472xu87g.json key: cord-337958-472xu87g authors: Zuberi, Maaz K.; Nizam, Wasay; Shah, Adil; Petrosyan, Michael; Fullum, Terrance; Cornwell, Edward title: SHOULD I BE CONCERNED? SURGICAL TRAINING IN THE TIME OF COVID19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Surg Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 337958 cord_uid: 472xu87g file: cache/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.json key: cord-338039-mxky1ai7 authors: Abu-Rayash, Azzam; Dincer, Ibrahim title: Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities date: 2020-07-16 journal: Energy Res Soc Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101693 sha: doc_id: 338039 cord_uid: mxky1ai7 file: cache/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.json key: cord-338090-8uu8kl9v authors: Liao, Jie‐lan; Chen, Yu; Huang, Chong‐quan; He, Gui‐qing; Du, Ji‐cheng; Chen, Que‐lu title: Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13760 sha: doc_id: 338090 cord_uid: 8uu8kl9v file: cache/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.json key: cord-338131-6y96eyoq authors: Galvez, A.; King, K.; El Chaar, M.; Claros, L. title: Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times? date: 2020-05-24 journal: Obes Surg DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04709-8 sha: doc_id: 338131 cord_uid: 6y96eyoq file: cache/cord-338140-p88fgojk.json key: cord-338140-p88fgojk authors: Cervantes-Pérez, Enrique; Cervantes-Guevara, Gabino; Martínez-Soto Holguín, Martha C.; Cervantes-Pérez, Lorena A.; Cervantes-Pérez, Gabino; Cervantes-Cardona, Guillermo Alonso; González-Ojeda, Alejandro; Fuentes-Orozco, Clotilde; Ramírez-Ochoa, Sol title: Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in a Non-critical Care Setting: Knowledge in Progress date: 2020-10-30 journal: Curr Nutr Rep DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00337-x sha: doc_id: 338140 cord_uid: p88fgojk file: cache/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.json key: cord-338023-gb5jgqcg authors: Obara, Shinju title: Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Anesth DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02846-z sha: doc_id: 338023 cord_uid: gb5jgqcg file: cache/cord-338145-al2m9lou.json key: cord-338145-al2m9lou authors: Wolka, Eskinder; Zema, Zewde; Worku, Melkamu; Tafesse, Kassahun; Anjulo, Antehun Alemayehu; Takiso, Kassahun Tekle; Chare, Hailu; Kelbiso, Lolemo title: Awareness Towards Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Prevention Methods in Selected Sites in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Quick, Exploratory, Operational Assessment date: 2020-10-28 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s266292 sha: doc_id: 338145 cord_uid: al2m9lou file: cache/cord-338079-udybki7w.json key: cord-338079-udybki7w authors: Hughes, Christopher; Nichols, Tom; Pike, Martin; Subbe, Christian; Elghenzai, Salah title: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001691 sha: doc_id: 338079 cord_uid: udybki7w file: cache/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.json key: cord-338189-j4hnldk4 authors: Saadat, Saeida; Rawtani, Deepak; Hussain, Chaudhery Mustansar title: Environmental perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870 sha: doc_id: 338189 cord_uid: j4hnldk4 file: cache/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.json key: cord-338005-kbkvk94k authors: Deng, Qing; Zhang, Yao; Wang, Hao; Chen, Liao; Yang, Zhaohui; Peng, Zhoufeng; Liu, Ya; Feng, Chuangli; Huang, Xin; Jiang, Nan; Wang, Yijia; Guo, Juan; Sun, Bin; Zhou, Qing title: Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study date: 2020-07-14 journal: Acad Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 338005 cord_uid: kbkvk94k file: cache/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.json key: cord-337926-6ddvqowr authors: Farrell, Sarah; Schaeffer, Emily K.; Mulpuri, Kishore title: Recommendations for the Care of Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients During the COVID Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Am Acad Orthop Surg DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00391 sha: doc_id: 337926 cord_uid: 6ddvqowr file: cache/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.json key: cord-338203-le5lbw5y authors: O’Reilly, GM; Mitchell, RD; Wu, J; Rajiv, P; Bannon‐Murphy, H; Amos, T; Brichko, L; Brennecke, H; Noonan, MP; Mitra, B; Paton, A; Hiller, R; Smit, D; Luckhoff, C; Santamaria, MJ; Cameron, PA title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID‐19: Results from the first month of the COVED Quality Improvement Project (COVED‐2). date: 2020-06-13 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13573 sha: doc_id: 338203 cord_uid: le5lbw5y file: cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.json key: cord-338231-uni4aqxo authors: Shi, Puyu; Ren, Guoxia; Yang, Jun; Li, Zhiqiang; Deng, Shujiao; Li, Miao; Wang, Shasha; Xu, Xiaofeng; Chen, Fuping; Li, Yuanjun; Li, Chunyan; Yang, Xiaohua; Xie, Zhaofeng; Wu, Zhengxia; Chen, Mingwei title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002332 sha: doc_id: 338231 cord_uid: uni4aqxo file: cache/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.json key: cord-338251-r31xh0fw authors: Assi, Tarek; Ibrahim, Nathalie; K Abboud, Rita-Maria; Kattan, Clarisse; Rassy, Elie; Nemr, Elie; Kattan, Joseph title: The management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: Future oncology DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0361 sha: doc_id: 338251 cord_uid: r31xh0fw file: cache/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.json key: cord-338341-bywxb8e4 authors: Nanda, Tavish; Bond, John B.; Chen, Royce W.S.; Bearelly, Srilaxmi; Day, H. Russell; Cioffi, George A.; Handa, James T.; Arevalo, J. Fernando; Donahue, Sean P.; Breazzano, Mark P. title: A Measured Approach to Inpatient Ophthalmologic Screening in the COVID-19 Era: A Multicenter Perspective date: 2020-08-07 journal: Ophthalmology DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 338341 cord_uid: bywxb8e4 file: cache/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.json key: cord-338143-2v4lrlcl authors: Pana, T. A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Gamble, D. T.; Pasdar, Z.; Szlachetka, W. A.; Perdomo-Lampignano, J. A.; McLernon, D.; Myint, P. K. title: Number of International Arrivals Predicts Severity of the first Global Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100677 sha: doc_id: 338143 cord_uid: 2v4lrlcl file: cache/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.json key: cord-338359-pd4bfjet authors: Yu, J.; Jiuling, S.; Ouyang, W.; Gui, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhong, Y.; Qiu, H.; Zhou, F.; Wei, Y.; Xie, C. title: Risk assessment of admission procedures for cancer patients during the convalescence of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 journal: Annals of Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1759 sha: doc_id: 338359 cord_uid: pd4bfjet file: cache/cord-338317-ro041w5l.json key: cord-338317-ro041w5l authors: Lockhart, Sam M.; O’Rahilly, Stephen title: When two pandemics meet: Why is obesity associated with increased COVID-19 mortality? date: 2020-06-29 journal: Med DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 338317 cord_uid: ro041w5l file: cache/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.json key: cord-338285-7rrq3o7n authors: Sivakumar, Bellie title: COVID-19 and water date: 2020-07-09 journal: Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess DOI: 10.1007/s00477-020-01837-6 sha: doc_id: 338285 cord_uid: 7rrq3o7n file: cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.json key: cord-338365-9sd62a2w authors: Patrício Silva, Ana L.; Prata, Joana C.; Walker, Tony R.; Duarte, Armando C.; Ouyang, Wei; Barcelò, Damià; Rocha-Santos, Teresa title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 journal: Chem Eng J DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683 sha: doc_id: 338365 cord_uid: 9sd62a2w file: cache/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.json key: cord-338417-7kw9lws0 authors: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar; Gupta, Ritesh; Misra, Anoop title: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers date: 2020-04-09 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.016 sha: doc_id: 338417 cord_uid: 7kw9lws0 file: cache/cord-338205-sy91rnse.json key: cord-338205-sy91rnse authors: Li, Chenxi; Zhao, Chengxue; Bao, Jingfeng; Tang, Bo; Wang, Yunfeng; Gu, Bing title: Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-02 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.045 sha: doc_id: 338205 cord_uid: sy91rnse file: cache/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.json key: cord-338419-n8cmv8mf authors: Carmelo, Juliana de Carvalho; Alves, Tatielly Karine Costa; Khouri, Micheline Salim; da Mata Santos, Rafael Pereira; Rodrigues, Lizandra Gonzaga; Alvarez-Leite, Maria Eugenia; Manzi, Flávio Ricardo title: Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics date: 2020-09-16 journal: Imaging Sci Dent DOI: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.3.261 sha: doc_id: 338419 cord_uid: n8cmv8mf file: cache/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.json key: cord-338397-mbk0i13g authors: Hadjiyiannakis, D.; Dimitroyannis, D.; Eastlake, L.; Peedell, C.; Tripathi, L.; Simcock, R.; Vyas, A.; Deutsch, E.; Chalmers, A. J. title: Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease date: 2020-08-14 journal: Clinical Oncology DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 338397 cord_uid: mbk0i13g file: cache/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.json key: cord-338413-6vpfgwie authors: Cinelli, Eleonora; Megna, Matteo; Di Guida, Adriana; Greco, Vincenzo; Annunziata, Maria Carmela; Fabbrocini, Gabriella title: Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 journal: Australas J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13345 sha: doc_id: 338413 cord_uid: 6vpfgwie file: cache/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.json key: cord-338415-6tmk7l89 authors: Kihira, Shingo; Schefflein, Javin; Pawha, Puneet; Rigney, Brian; Delman, Bradley N.; Xuan, Dwight; Fifi, Johanna; Doshi, Amish H.; Belani, Puneet title: Neurovascular complications that can be seen in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.011 sha: doc_id: 338415 cord_uid: 6tmk7l89 file: cache/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.json key: cord-338438-q5fis2v8 authors: Young, Sean D.; Schneider, John title: Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02924-z sha: doc_id: 338438 cord_uid: q5fis2v8 file: cache/cord-338462-muetf7l1.json key: cord-338462-muetf7l1 authors: OKPOKORO, E.; IGBINOMWANHIA, V.; JEDY-AGBA, E.; KAYODE, G.; ONYEMATA, E.; ABIMIKU, A. title: Ecologic correlation between underlying population level morbidities and COVID-19 case fatality rate among countries infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20082370 sha: doc_id: 338462 cord_uid: muetf7l1 file: cache/cord-338279-so0hpph4.json key: cord-338279-so0hpph4 authors: Flores, Stefan; Abrukin, Liliya; Jiang, Lynn; Titone, Lauren; Firew, Tsion; Lee, Jihae; Gavin, Nicholas; Romney, Marie-Laure; Nakagawa, Shunichi; Chang, Bernard P. title: “Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic” date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 338279 cord_uid: so0hpph4 file: cache/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.json key: cord-338526-mn10j5i0 authors: Berg, Michael B; Lin, Linda title: Prevalence and predictors of early COVID-19 behavioral intentions in the United States date: 2020-09-07 journal: Transl Behav Med DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa085 sha: doc_id: 338526 cord_uid: mn10j5i0 file: cache/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.json key: cord-338346-e3fk6gz2 authors: Oliveros, Estefania; Brailovsky, Yevgeniy; Scully, Paul; Nikolou, Evgenia; Rajani, Ronak; Grapsa, Julia title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach date: 2020-08-14 journal: Card Fail Rev DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2020.09 sha: doc_id: 338346 cord_uid: e3fk6gz2 file: cache/cord-338436-0z828org.json key: cord-338436-0z828org authors: Tzou, Philip L.; Tao, Kaiming; Nouhin, Janin; Rhee, Soo-Yon; Hu, Benjamin D.; Pai, Shruti; Parkin, Neil; Shafer, Robert W. title: Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds date: 2020-09-09 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12091006 sha: doc_id: 338436 cord_uid: 0z828org file: cache/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.json key: cord-338416-vuu8x48x authors: Hamer, Mark; Gale, Catharine R.; Kivimäki, Mika; Batty, G. David title: Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-01 journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011086117 sha: doc_id: 338416 cord_uid: vuu8x48x file: cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.json key: cord-338466-7uvta990 authors: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/bs.host.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 338466 cord_uid: 7uvta990 file: cache/cord-338478-gkes9a16.json key: cord-338478-gkes9a16 authors: Haddad, S.; Tayyar, R.; Risch, L.; Churchill, G.; Fares, E.; Choe, M.; Montemuro, P. title: Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient date: 2020-05-16 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00814 sha: doc_id: 338478 cord_uid: gkes9a16 file: cache/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.json key: cord-338493-ngvfz9dn authors: Her, Minyoung title: Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea date: 2020-05-05 journal: One Health DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100137 sha: doc_id: 338493 cord_uid: ngvfz9dn file: cache/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.json key: cord-338605-3i5pvcgu authors: Antoun, Lina; Taweel, Nashwa El; Ahmed, Irshad; Patni, Shalini; Honest, Honest title: Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome A prospective cohort study date: 2020-07-15 journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 338605 cord_uid: 3i5pvcgu file: cache/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.json key: cord-338517-1mxcssjj authors: Ishay, Yuval; Kessler, Asa; Schwarts, Asaf; Ilan, Yaron title: Antibody response to SARS‐Co‐V‐2, diagnostic and therapeutic implications date: 2020-08-26 journal: Hepatol Commun DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1600 sha: doc_id: 338517 cord_uid: 1mxcssjj file: cache/cord-338467-7om13u87.json key: cord-338467-7om13u87 authors: Saqlain, M.; Ahmed, A.; Gulzar, A.; Naz, S.; Munir, M. M.; Ahmed, Z.; Kamran, S. title: Public Knowledge and Practices regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20119404 sha: doc_id: 338467 cord_uid: 7om13u87 file: cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.json key: cord-338498-3238fz73 authors: Kleen, Thomas-Oliver; Galdon, Alicia A.; MacDonald, Andrew S.; Dalgleish, Angus G. title: Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends” date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059 sha: doc_id: 338498 cord_uid: 3238fz73 file: cache/cord-338481-jox35yg1.json key: cord-338481-jox35yg1 authors: Tijjani, Salman Jidda; Ma, Le title: Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states? date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Equity Health DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01192-6 sha: doc_id: 338481 cord_uid: jox35yg1 file: cache/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.json key: cord-338633-pxxon1ni authors: Zuo, Yu; Zuo, Melanie; Yalavarthi, Srilakshmi; Gockman, Kelsey; Madison, Jacqueline A.; Shi, Hui; Woodard, Wrenn; Lezak, Sean P.; Lugogo, Njira L.; Knight, Jason S.; Kanthi, Yogendra title: Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Thromb Thrombolysis DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02324-z sha: doc_id: 338633 cord_uid: pxxon1ni file: cache/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.json key: cord-338628-7l9b5mqp authors: Nguyen-Huynh, Mai N.; Tang, Xian Nan; Vinson, David R.; Flint, Alexander C.; Alexander, Janet G.; Meighan, Melissa; Burnett, Molly; Sidney, Stephen; Klingman, Jeffrey G. title: Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: Stroke DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031099 sha: doc_id: 338628 cord_uid: 7l9b5mqp file: cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.json key: cord-338580-zszeldfv authors: Chang, Yu-Kai; Hung, Chiao-Ling; Timme, Sinika; Nosrat, Sanaz; Chu, Chien-Heng title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197092 sha: doc_id: 338580 cord_uid: zszeldfv file: cache/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.json key: cord-338571-1pp8v6nk authors: Schmidt, Charles W. title: Lack of Handwashing Access: A Widespread Deficiency in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: Environ Health Perspect DOI: 10.1289/ehp7493 sha: doc_id: 338571 cord_uid: 1pp8v6nk file: cache/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.json key: cord-338626-x0d3qlj2 authors: Etkin, Yana; Conway, Allan M.; Silpe, Jeffrey; Qato, Khalil; Carroccio, Alfio; Manvar-Singh, Pallavi; Giangola, Gary; Deitch, Jonathan S.; Davila-Santini, Luis; Schor, Jonathan A.; Singh, Kuldeep; Mussa, Firas F.; Landis, Gregg S. title: Acute arterial thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City area date: 2020-08-28 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.08.085 sha: doc_id: 338626 cord_uid: x0d3qlj2 file: cache/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.json key: cord-338666-gg9qcpmz authors: Rubin, Geoffrey A.; Wan, Elaine Y.; Saluja, Deepak; Thomas, George; Slotwiner, David J.; Goldbarg, Seth; Chaudhary, Salma; Turitto, Gioia; Dizon, Jose; Yarmohammadi, Hirad; Ehlert, Frederick; Rubin, David A.; Morrow, John P.; Waase, Marc; Berman, Jeremy; Kushnir, Alexander; Abrams, Mark P.; Halik, Carolyn; Kumaraiah, Deepa; Schwartz, Allan; Kirtane, Ajay; Kodali, Susheel; Goldenthal, Isaac; Garan, Hasan; Biviano, Angelo title: Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide From a New York City Hospital Network date: 2020-04-27 journal: Crit Pathw Cardiol DOI: 10.1097/hpc.0000000000000225 sha: doc_id: 338666 cord_uid: gg9qcpmz file: cache/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.json key: cord-338572-5ifc2lx6 authors: Nagarakanti, Sandhya R.; Okoh, Alexis K; Grinberg, Sagy; Bishburg, Eliahu title: Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and HIV coinfection date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26533 sha: doc_id: 338572 cord_uid: 5ifc2lx6 file: cache/cord-338602-6n309bnp.json key: cord-338602-6n309bnp authors: Gadotti, Ana Carolina; de Castro Deus, Marina; Telles, Joao Paulo; Wind, Rafael; Goes, Marina; Garcia Charello Ossoski, Roberta; de Padua, Alessandra Michalski; Noronha, Lucia; Moreno-Amaral, Andrea; Baena, Cristina Pellegrino; Tuon, Felipe Francisco title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-23 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198171 sha: doc_id: 338602 cord_uid: 6n309bnp file: cache/cord-338544-eph89g47.json key: cord-338544-eph89g47 authors: Spuntarelli, Valerio; Luciani, M.; Bentivegna, E.; Marini, V.; Falangone, F.; Conforti, G.; Rachele, E. S.; Martelletti, P. title: COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review date: 2020-07-28 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00418-6 sha: doc_id: 338544 cord_uid: eph89g47 file: cache/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.json key: cord-338654-ma9ayu80 authors: Eaton, Lisa A.; Kalichman, Seth C. title: Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Behav Med DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y sha: doc_id: 338654 cord_uid: ma9ayu80 file: cache/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.json key: cord-338647-dtuohsf5 authors: Başcı, Semih; Ata, Naim; Altuntaş, Fevzi; Yiğenoğlu, Tuğçe Nur; Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Korkmaz, Serdal; Namdaroğlu, Sinem; Baştürk, Abdülkadir; Hacıbekiroğlu, Tuba; Doğu, Mehmet Hilmi; Berber, İlhami; Dal, Kürşat; Erkurt, Mehmet Ali; Turgut, Burhan; Çağlayan, Murat; Ayvalı, Mustafa Okan; Çelik, Osman; Ülgü, Mustafa Mahir; Birinci, Şuayip title: Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors date: 2020-08-27 journal: J Oncol Pharm Pract DOI: 10.1177/1078155220953198 sha: doc_id: 338647 cord_uid: dtuohsf5 file: cache/cord-338706-566e3o5j.json key: cord-338706-566e3o5j authors: Popa, Simona title: Reflections on COVID-19 and the future of education and learning date: 2020-09-29 journal: Prospects (Paris) DOI: 10.1007/s11125-020-09511-z sha: doc_id: 338706 cord_uid: 566e3o5j file: cache/cord-338754-xdid58vn.json key: cord-338754-xdid58vn authors: Olisova, O. Yu; Anpilogova, E.M.; Shnakhova, L.M. title: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child date: 2020-05-30 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13712 sha: doc_id: 338754 cord_uid: xdid58vn file: cache/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.json key: cord-338741-gy3ovkrt authors: Sethi, Atin; Bach, Horacio title: Evaluation of Current Therapies for COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-07-22 journal: Microorganisms DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081097 sha: doc_id: 338741 cord_uid: gy3ovkrt file: cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.json key: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f authors: Karligkiotis, Apostolos; Arosio, Alberto D.; Battaglia, Paolo; Sileo, Giorgio; Czaczkes, Camilla; Volpi, Luca; Turri‐Zanoni, Mario; Castelnuovo, Paolo title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 journal: Head Neck DOI: 10.1002/hed.26320 sha: doc_id: 338683 cord_uid: nzgnpi6f file: cache/cord-338680-wwlttymp.json key: cord-338680-wwlttymp authors: Khonyongwa, K.; Taori, S. K.; Soares, A.; Desai, N.; Sudhanva, M.; Bernal, W.; Schelenz, S.; Curran, L. A. title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-07-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20148262 sha: doc_id: 338680 cord_uid: wwlttymp file: cache/cord-338684-po3hfibp.json key: cord-338684-po3hfibp authors: Cheong, Kai Xiong title: Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-26 journal: Curr Ophthalmol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40135-020-00257-7 sha: doc_id: 338684 cord_uid: po3hfibp file: cache/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.json key: cord-338729-v2suoj3c authors: Streicher, Caroline; Engalenc, Xavier; Gaudin, Marion; Vignaud, Guillaume; Daulange, Annick; Abraham, Bruno title: Could Tocilizumab be an Attractive Therapeutic Option for Elderly Patients with Severe COVID-19? A Case Report date: 2020-09-20 journal: Clin Drug Investig DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00969-5 sha: doc_id: 338729 cord_uid: v2suoj3c file: cache/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.json key: cord-338600-wpfcxnyu authors: Stewart, Cameron; Biegler, Paul; Brunero, Scott; Lamont, Scott; Tomossy, George F. title: Mental Capacity Assessments for COVID-19 Patients: Emergency Admissions and the CARD Approach date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10055-2 sha: doc_id: 338600 cord_uid: wpfcxnyu file: cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.json key: cord-338757-fsid4a39 authors: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-2247 sha: doc_id: 338757 cord_uid: fsid4a39 file: cache/cord-338756-jzz250o1.json key: cord-338756-jzz250o1 authors: Zhang, Nan; Yao, Haochen; Zhang, Dong; Pan, Jiahui; Peng, Ejun; Huang, Juanjuan; Zhang, Yingli; Xu, Xiaoming; Tian, Guobao; Xu, Hong; Wang, Guoqing title: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study date: 2020-07-15 journal: Biosaf Health DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 338756 cord_uid: jzz250o1 file: cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.json key: cord-338830-h2nrw374 authors: Gong, Xiaohuan; Xiao, Wenjia; Cui, Yan; Wang, Yuanping; Kong, Dechuan; Mao, Shenghua; Zheng, Yaxu; Xiang, Lunhui; Lu, Lu; Jiang, Chenyan; Yu, Xiao; Zhu, Yiyi; Fang, Qiwen; Pan, Hao; Wu, Huanyu title: Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date: 2020-08-20 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.33.2000228 sha: doc_id: 338830 cord_uid: h2nrw374 file: cache/cord-338821-khc3dqay.json key: cord-338821-khc3dqay authors: Zhang, Kai; Zhou, Xiaoqin; Liu, Huanzhong; Hashimoto, Kenji title: Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders date: 2020-04-09 journal: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.84 sha: doc_id: 338821 cord_uid: khc3dqay file: cache/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.json key: cord-338689-4u1ezk64 authors: Ata, Fateen; Almasri, Hussam; Sajid, Jamal; Yousaf, Zohaib title: COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia date: 2020-06-07 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235456 sha: doc_id: 338689 cord_uid: 4u1ezk64 file: cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.json key: cord-338819-wkb318sq authors: Saez, Marc; Tobias, Aurelio; Barceló, Maria A. title: Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date: 2020-09-12 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110177 sha: doc_id: 338819 cord_uid: wkb318sq file: cache/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.json key: cord-338795-eewr8ynb authors: Oster, Alexandra M.; Caruso, Elise; DeVies, Jourdan; Hartnett, Kathleen P.; Boehmer, Tegan K. title: Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, April–September 2020 date: 2020-10-16 journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6941e1 sha: doc_id: 338795 cord_uid: eewr8ynb file: cache/cord-338857-9zbtngje.json key: cord-338857-9zbtngje authors: Tee, Louis Yunshou; Yap, Bernard; Sidhu, Gurinderjit Kaur; Goh, Kiat Sern; Rosario, Barbara Helen title: Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 journal: Geriatr Gerontol Int DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13990 sha: doc_id: 338857 cord_uid: 9zbtngje file: cache/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.json key: cord-338814-r9ym1h3m authors: Li, Yan; Zhang, Kai title: Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 338814 cord_uid: r9ym1h3m file: cache/cord-338790-rvdoq616.json key: cord-338790-rvdoq616 authors: Wang, Xiaowen; Chen, Xingfeng; Tang, Feng; Luo, Wanjun; Fang, Jian; Qi, Chang; Sun, Hua; Xiao, Han; Peng, Xuehua; Shao, Jianbo title: Be aware of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 journal: Pediatr Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04715-z sha: doc_id: 338790 cord_uid: rvdoq616 file: cache/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.json key: cord-338864-yzcvxwpb authors: Dragovic, Milan; Pascu, Viki; Hall, Tammy; Ingram, Jesse; Waters, Flavie title: Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia date: 2020-09-22 journal: Australas Psychiatry DOI: 10.1177/1039856220960673 sha: doc_id: 338864 cord_uid: yzcvxwpb file: cache/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.json key: cord-338863-0jlp9lb4 authors: Huecker, Martin; Shreffler, Jacob; Danzl, Daniel title: COVID-19: Optimizing healthcare provider wellness and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-08-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.066 sha: doc_id: 338863 cord_uid: 0jlp9lb4 file: cache/cord-338900-8ojah695.json key: cord-338900-8ojah695 authors: MacDonald, David S. MacDonald; Colosi, Dan C.; Mupparapu, Muralidhar; Kumar, Verdana; Shintaku, Werner H.; Mansur, Ahmad title: Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging: COVID-19 Considerations date: 2020-10-26 journal: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.017 sha: doc_id: 338900 cord_uid: 8ojah695 file: cache/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.json key: cord-338901-1kzy7rts authors: Li, Heng; Yang, Li; Liu, Fei-fei; Ma, Xin-na; He, Pei-lan; Tang, Wei; Tong, Xian-kun; Zuo, Jian-ping title: Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-06-17 journal: Acta Pharmacol Sin DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y sha: doc_id: 338901 cord_uid: 1kzy7rts file: cache/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.json key: cord-338889-7hd3iibk authors: Solbakk, Jan Helge; Bentzen, Heidi Beate; Holm, Søren; Heggestad, Anne Kari Tolo; Hofmann, Bjørn; Robertsen, Annette; Alnæs, Anne Hambro; Cox, Shereen; Pedersen, Reidar; Bernabe, Rose title: Back to WHAT? The role of research ethics in pandemic times date: 2020-11-03 journal: Med Health Care Philos DOI: 10.1007/s11019-020-09984-x sha: doc_id: 338889 cord_uid: 7hd3iibk file: cache/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.json key: cord-338904-kavbrg1h authors: Tian, Jianbo; Miao, Xiaoping title: Challenges and recommendations for cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-15 journal: Cancer Biol Med DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0300 sha: doc_id: 338904 cord_uid: kavbrg1h file: cache/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.json key: cord-338934-61wnbf1t authors: Fay, Daniel L.; Ghadimi, Adela title: Collective Bargaining During Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13233 sha: doc_id: 338934 cord_uid: 61wnbf1t file: cache/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.json key: cord-338895-c2wzjbgb authors: Machado, J. A. Tenreiro; Lopes, António M. title: Rare and extreme events: the case of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05680-w sha: doc_id: 338895 cord_uid: c2wzjbgb file: cache/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.json key: cord-338973-73a7uvyz authors: Xu, Jiabao; Zhao, Shizhe; Teng, Tieshan; Abdalla, Abualgasim Elgaili; Zhu, Wan; Xie, Longxiang; Wang, Yunlong; Guo, Xiangqian title: Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV date: 2020-02-22 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12020244 sha: doc_id: 338973 cord_uid: 73a7uvyz file: cache/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.json key: cord-338928-y5l7cf31 authors: Leonardi, Matilde; Padovani, Alessandro; McArthur, Justin C. title: Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09896-z sha: doc_id: 338928 cord_uid: y5l7cf31 file: cache/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.json key: cord-338944-3ro3evcc authors: Cho, Dae-Chul title: In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 journal: Neurospine DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040244.122 sha: doc_id: 338944 cord_uid: 3ro3evcc file: cache/cord-338933-67e98ok3.json key: cord-338933-67e98ok3 authors: Howarth, Candice; Bryant, Peter; Corner, Adam; Fankhauser, Sam; Gouldson, Andy; Whitmarsh, Lorraine; Willis, Rebecca title: Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00446-9 sha: doc_id: 338933 cord_uid: 67e98ok3 file: cache/cord-338896-relelmsm.json key: cord-338896-relelmsm authors: Naudin, Iris; Long, Anne; Michel, Christophe; Devigne, Bertrand; Millon, Antoine; Della-Schiava, Nellie title: Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. date: 2020-10-17 journal: J Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.018 sha: doc_id: 338896 cord_uid: relelmsm file: cache/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.json key: cord-338972-uq2ha8xs authors: Olson, Michael T.; Triantafyllou, Tania; Singhal, Saurabh title: Resumption of elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what lessons can we apply? date: 2020-06-05 journal: Eur Surg DOI: 10.1007/s10353-020-00645-0 sha: doc_id: 338972 cord_uid: uq2ha8xs file: cache/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.json key: cord-338951-wu1ofih9 authors: Sestili, Piero; Fimognari, Carmela title: Paracetamol-Induced Glutathione Consumption: Is There a Link With Severe COVID-19 Illness? date: 2020-10-07 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579944 sha: doc_id: 338951 cord_uid: wu1ofih9 file: cache/cord-339100-600am3mq.json key: cord-339100-600am3mq authors: Hsiang, Walter R; Forman, Howard P; Jain, Siddharth; Khunte, Akshay; Jin, Grace; Yousman, Laurie; Mosier-Mills, Alison; Najem, Michael; Wiznia, Daniel title: Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040923 sha: doc_id: 339100 cord_uid: 600am3mq file: cache/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.json key: cord-339336-vea7a1rm authors: Coates, P. Toby title: A Kidney International “Journal of the COVID-19 Year” in Kidney Transplantation date: 2020-10-19 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.006 sha: doc_id: 339336 cord_uid: vea7a1rm file: cache/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.json key: cord-338968-b1gg2ha7 authors: La Rosée, Felicitas; La Rosée, Paul title: Ruxolitinib in COVID-19 Hyperinflammation and Haematologic Malignancies date: 2020-08-20 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000510770 sha: doc_id: 338968 cord_uid: b1gg2ha7 file: cache/cord-339252-ph10txit.json key: cord-339252-ph10txit authors: Keita, Abdoulaye; Bacharou, Hamza Abdou; Diallo, Ibrahima; Camara, Alseny title: Anosmie sans agueusie chez des patients COVID-19: à propos de 2 cas date: 2020-07-13 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.176.24027 sha: doc_id: 339252 cord_uid: ph10txit file: cache/cord-338979-ew046wcr.json key: cord-338979-ew046wcr authors: Jasti, Madhu; Nalleballe, Krishna; Dandu, Vasuki; Onteddu, Sanjeeva title: A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09950-w sha: doc_id: 338979 cord_uid: ew046wcr file: cache/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.json key: cord-338990-vrtzyo2o authors: Nelson, Sarah E. title: COVID-19 and ethics in the ICU date: 2020-08-25 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03250-5 sha: doc_id: 338990 cord_uid: vrtzyo2o file: cache/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.json key: cord-339161-ycsijsw4 authors: Friebel, TR; Rinkoff, S; Jemec, B title: Communication: A Safe Skin Cancer Surgery set-up during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-11-01 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.10.044 sha: doc_id: 339161 cord_uid: ycsijsw4 file: cache/cord-339124-m7choyr6.json key: cord-339124-m7choyr6 authors: Hoang, Van-Thuan; Gautret, Philippe; Memish, Ziad A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title: Hajj and Umrah Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-11-03 journal: Curr Trop Med Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40475-020-00218-x sha: doc_id: 339124 cord_uid: m7choyr6 file: cache/cord-339128-npfoircv.json key: cord-339128-npfoircv authors: Blair, Robert V.; Vaccari, Monica; Doyle-Meyers, Lara A.; Roy, Chad J.; Russell-Lodrigue, Kasi; Fahlberg, Marissa; Monjure, Chris J.; Beddingfield, Brandon; Plante, Kenneth S.; Plante, Jessica A.; Weaver, Scott C.; Qin, Xuebin; Midkiff, Cecily C.; Lehmicke, Gabrielle; Golden, Nadia; Threeton, Breanna; Penney, Toni; Allers, Carolina; Barnes, Mary B.; Pattison, Melissa; Datta, Prasun K.; Maness, Nicholas J.; Birnbaum, Angela; Fischer, Tracy; Bohm, Rudolf P.; Rappaport, Jay title: Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2 Infected African Green Monkeys but not Rhesus Macaques date: 2020-11-07 journal: Am J Pathol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016 sha: doc_id: 339128 cord_uid: npfoircv file: cache/cord-339300-xherv9wt.json key: cord-339300-xherv9wt authors: Suner, C.; Ouchi, D.; Mas, M. A.; Lopez Alarcon, R.; Massot Mesquida, M.; Negredo, E.; Prat, N.; Bonet Simo, J. M.; Miralles, R.; Teixido Colet, M.; Verdaguer Puigvendrello, J.; Henriquez, N.; Marks, M.; Ara, J.; Mitja, O. title: Risk factors for mortality of residents in nursing homes with Covid-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-11-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.09.20228171 sha: doc_id: 339300 cord_uid: xherv9wt file: cache/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.json key: cord-339344-qd73h1ie authors: Simon, David; Tascilar, Koray; Krönke, Gerhard; Kleyer, Arnd; Zaiss, Mario M.; Heppt, Franz; Meder, Christine; Atreya, Raja; Klenske, Entcho; Dietrich, Peter; Abdullah, Abdullah; Kliem, Thorsten; Corte, Giulia; Morf, Harriet; Leppkes, Moritz; Kremer, Andreas E.; Ramming, Andreas; Pachowsky, Milena; Schuch, Florian; Ronneberger, Monika; Kleinert, Stefan; Maier, Clara; Hueber, Axel J.; Manger, Karin; Manger, Bernhard; Berking, Carola; Tenbusch, Matthias; Überla, Klaus; Sticherling, Michael; Neurath, Markus F.; Schett, Georg title: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion date: 2020-07-24 journal: Nat Commun DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17703-6 sha: doc_id: 339344 cord_uid: qd73h1ie file: cache/cord-339266-glmshsh6.json key: cord-339266-glmshsh6 authors: Yin, R.; Yang, Z.; Wei, Y.; Li, Y.; Chen, H.; Ma, D.; Dan, M.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, X.; Leng, H.; Xiang, D. title: Clinical characteristics of 106 patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20085415 sha: doc_id: 339266 cord_uid: glmshsh6 file: cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.json key: cord-339044-qy4jab37 authors: Li, Man; Cheng, Biao; Zeng, Wen; Chen, Sichao; Tu, Mengqi; Wu, Meng; Tong, Wei; Wang, Shipei; Huang, Yihui; Long, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Chen, Danyang; Zhou, Lin; Wang, Min; Xu, Haibo; Deng, Aiping; Liu, Zeming; Guo, Liang title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00545 sha: doc_id: 339044 cord_uid: qy4jab37 file: cache/cord-339203-5oextxkm.json key: cord-339203-5oextxkm authors: Feng Tan, L.I. title: Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 Amongst Healthcare Workers date: 2020-04-09 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 339203 cord_uid: 5oextxkm file: cache/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.json key: cord-339075-32jj4fyz authors: Majeed, Azeem; Maile, Edward John; Bindman, Andrew B title: The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service date: 2020-06-17 journal: J R Soc Med DOI: 10.1177/0141076820931452 sha: doc_id: 339075 cord_uid: 32jj4fyz file: cache/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.json key: cord-339400-9uro1xlk authors: Chang, Yoon-Seok title: COVID-19 and allergy date: 2020-07-30 journal: Asia Pac Allergy DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e34 sha: doc_id: 339400 cord_uid: 9uro1xlk file: cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.json key: cord-339293-7ks3bopm authors: Nejatifard, Marzieh; Asefi, Sohrab; Jamali, Raika; Hamblin, Michael R.; Fekrazad, Reza title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 journal: Cytokine DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 sha: doc_id: 339293 cord_uid: 7ks3bopm file: cache/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.json key: cord-339355-zkkj8a83 authors: Siripanthong, Bhurint; Hanff, Thomas C; Levin, Michael G; Vidula, Mahesh K; Khanji, Mohammed Y; Nazarian, Saman; Chahal, Choudhary Anwar A title: Coronavirus disease 2019 is delaying the diagnosis and management of chest pain, acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis and heart failure date: 2020-07-01 journal: Future cardiology DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0088 sha: doc_id: 339355 cord_uid: zkkj8a83 file: cache/cord-339399-36wo66rl.json key: cord-339399-36wo66rl authors: Trepanier, Sylvain title: Leading on the Edge of Insanity date: 2020-07-13 journal: Nurse Lead DOI: 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 339399 cord_uid: 36wo66rl file: cache/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.json key: cord-339111-d6ll48nv authors: Patterson, Joanne M; Govender, Roganie; Roe, Justin; Clunie, Gemma; Murphy, Jennifer; Brady, Grainne; Haines, Jemma; White, Anna; Carding, Paul title: COVID‐19 and ENT SLT services, workforce and research in the UK: A discussion paper date: 2020-08-08 journal: Int J Lang Commun Disord DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12565 sha: doc_id: 339111 cord_uid: d6ll48nv file: cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.json key: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 authors: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D; Smith, Emma M; Holloway, Catherine; Jensen, Rune; D'Arino, Lucía; MacLachlan, Malcolm title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 sha: doc_id: 339121 cord_uid: w16e8lw1 file: cache/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.json key: cord-339459-z22a5yzo authors: Mackey, Katherine; King, Valerie J.; Gurley, Susan; Kiefer, Michael; Liederbauer, Erik; Vela, Kathryn; Sonnen, Payten; Kansagara, Devan title: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date: 2020-05-15 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/m20-1515 sha: doc_id: 339459 cord_uid: z22a5yzo file: cache/cord-339436-0k73tlna.json key: cord-339436-0k73tlna authors: Giagulli, Vito Angelo; Guastamacchia, Edoardo; Magrone, Thea; Jirillo, Emilio; Lisco, Giuseppe; De Pergola, Giovanni; Triggiani, Vincenzo title: Worse progression of COVID‐19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor? date: 2020-06-11 journal: Andrology DOI: 10.1111/andr.12836 sha: doc_id: 339436 cord_uid: 0k73tlna file: cache/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.json key: cord-339360-vm4yy47i authors: Krywyk, J.; Oettgen, W.; Messier, M.; Mulot, M.; Toubiana, L. title: DYNAMICS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS: GLOBAL PATTERN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES VARIATIONS date: 2020-07-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20155390 sha: doc_id: 339360 cord_uid: vm4yy47i file: cache/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.json key: cord-339460-7hzlyn79 authors: Landsness, Eric C.; Agner, Shannon C.; Bettegowda, Chetan; McArthur, Justin C. title: Pivoting Research to COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 journal: Ann Neurol DOI: 10.1002/ana.25784 sha: doc_id: 339460 cord_uid: 7hzlyn79 file: cache/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.json key: cord-339406-81a7fkpj authors: Borghi, M. O.; Beltagy, A.; Garrafa, E.; Curreli, D.; Cecchini, G.; Bodio, C.; Grossi, C.; Blengino, S.; Tincani, A.; Franceschini, F.; Andreoli, L.; Lazzaroni, M. G.; Piantoni, S.; Masneri, S.; Crisafulli, F.; Brugnoni, D.; Muiesan, M. L.; Salvetti, M.; Parati, G.; Torresani, E.; Mahler, M.; Heilbron, F.; Pregnolato, F.; Pengo, M.; Tedesco, F.; Pozzi, N.; Meroni, P. L. title: Prevalence, specificity, and clinical association of anti-phospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients: are the antibodies really guilty? date: 2020-06-19 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20134114 sha: doc_id: 339406 cord_uid: 81a7fkpj file: cache/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.json key: cord-339467-ewqxf02j authors: Liang, Ying; Liang, Jing-Jin; Zhou, Qing-Tao; Li, Xiao-Guang; Lin, Fei; Deng, Zhong-Hua; Zhang, Bi-Ying; Li, Lu; Wang, Xiao-Hua; Zhu, Hong; Ma, Qing-Bian; Tong, Xiao-Mei; Xu, Jie; Sun, Yong-Chang title: Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 from pneumonias caused by other etiologies in a fever clinic in Beijing date: 2020-10-20 journal: Chin Med J (Engl) DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001121 sha: doc_id: 339467 cord_uid: ewqxf02j file: cache/cord-339506-pkusvf82.json key: cord-339506-pkusvf82 authors: Zaki, N.; Mohamed, E. A. title: The estimations of the COVID-19 incubation period: a systematic review of the literature date: 2020-05-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108340 sha: doc_id: 339506 cord_uid: pkusvf82 file: cache/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.json key: cord-339455-b8nu34vv authors: Sakr, Yasser; Giovini, Manuela; Leone, Marc; Pizzilli, Giacinto; Kortgen, Andreas; Bauer, Michael; Tonetti, Tommaso; Duclos, Gary; Zieleskiewicz, Laurent; Buschbeck, Samuel; Ranieri, V. Marco; Antonucci, Elio title: The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series date: 2020-09-25 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.09.021 sha: doc_id: 339455 cord_uid: b8nu34vv file: cache/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.json key: cord-339589-dl2qpc0t authors: Thachil, Jecko; Srivastava, Alok title: SARS-2 Coronavirus–Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? date: 2020-05-12 journal: Semin Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712155 sha: doc_id: 339589 cord_uid: dl2qpc0t file: cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.json key: cord-339517-93nuovsj authors: Consolo, Ugo; Bellini, Pierantonio; Bencivenni, Davide; Iani, Cristina; Checchi, Vittorio title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103459 sha: doc_id: 339517 cord_uid: 93nuovsj file: cache/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.json key: cord-339550-0yrb4qrh authors: Félix-Oliveira, Afonso; de Sousa Almeida, Manuel; Ferreira, Jorge; Teles, Rui Campante; Gabriel, Henrique Mesquita; Cavaco, Diogo; Mendes, Miguel title: Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle date: 2020-04-23 journal: Rev Port Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.04.008 sha: doc_id: 339550 cord_uid: 0yrb4qrh file: cache/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.json key: cord-339504-8svo2w3u authors: Lima, Rodrigo Moreira e; Reis, Leonardo de Andrade; Lara, Felipe Thyrso de Souza; Dias, Lino Correa; Matsumoto, Márcio; Mizubuti, Glenio; Hamaji, Adilson; Cabral, Lucas Wynne; Mathias, Lígia Andrade da Silva Telles; Lima, Lais Helena Navarro e title: Recommendations for local-regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Braz J Anesthesiol DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 339504 cord_uid: 8svo2w3u file: cache/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.json key: cord-339576-0d6sa9pe authors: Guallar, María Pilar; Meiriño, Rosa; Donat-Vargas, Carolina; Corral, Octavio; Jouvé, Nicolás; Soriano, Vicente title: Inoculum at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and risk of disease severity date: 2020-06-14 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.035 sha: doc_id: 339576 cord_uid: 0d6sa9pe file: cache/cord-339491-lyld3up2.json key: cord-339491-lyld3up2 authors: Prakash, A.; Muthya, S.; Arokiaswamy, T. P.; Nair, R. S. title: Using Machine Learning to assess Covid-19 risks date: 2020-06-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20137950 sha: doc_id: 339491 cord_uid: lyld3up2 file: cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.json key: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o authors: Fox, Sharon E.; Lameira, Fernanda S.; Rinker, Elizabeth B.; Vander Heide, Richard S. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: Ann Intern Med DOI: 10.7326/l20-0882 sha: doc_id: 339509 cord_uid: 4ezt6o0o file: cache/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.json key: cord-339561-sgbxzeuh authors: Snow, Elaine K; Miller, Jane L; Kester, Linda; Mendham, Natalie A; Heydorn, Joan D; Huang, Shingyee Cindy; Leu, Lily L; Kohoutek, Lisa M; Rosanelli, Natalie C; Harves, Kaitlin M title: Creation and maintenance of a table for assessment of evolving evidence for COVID-19–related treatments date: 2020-09-21 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa334 sha: doc_id: 339561 cord_uid: sgbxzeuh file: cache/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.json key: cord-339616-4ctpq5v3 authors: de Carvalho, Carolina Abreu; Viola, Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca; Sperandio, Naiara title: How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-12 journal: Public health nutrition DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003973 sha: doc_id: 339616 cord_uid: 4ctpq5v3 file: cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.json key: cord-339533-r0qsqjus authors: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05880-5 sha: doc_id: 339533 cord_uid: r0qsqjus file: cache/cord-339579-4n43at58.json key: cord-339579-4n43at58 authors: Lan, Lan; Xu, Dan; Xia, Chen; Wang, Shaokang; Yu, Minhua; Xu, Haibo title: Early CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asymptomatic Children: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-04-22 journal: Korean J Radiol DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0231 sha: doc_id: 339579 cord_uid: 4n43at58 file: cache/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.json key: cord-339536-je7fe0e7 authors: Chang, Wei-Ting; Hughes, Michael W.; Liu, Ping-Yen title: The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed date: 2020-08-11 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 339536 cord_uid: je7fe0e7 file: cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.json key: cord-339614-28s205p8 authors: Dover, Jeffrey S.; Moran, Mary Lynn; Figueroa, Jose F.; Furnas, Heather; Vyas, Jatin M.; Wiviott, Lory D.; Karchmer, Adolf W. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 journal: Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0239 sha: doc_id: 339614 cord_uid: 28s205p8 file: cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.json key: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq authors: Mikami, Takahisa; Miyashita, Hirotaka; Yamada, Takayuki; Harrington, Matthew; Steinberg, Daniel; Dunn, Andrew; Siau, Evan title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z sha: doc_id: 339701 cord_uid: j0sr3ifq file: cache/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.json key: cord-339637-hb6bsb6q authors: Khader, Mohammed Abdul; Jabeen, Talha; Namoju, Ramanachary title: A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India date: 2020-08-18 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.011 sha: doc_id: 339637 cord_uid: hb6bsb6q file: cache/cord-339645-0babe90b.json key: cord-339645-0babe90b authors: Stewart, Ruth; El-Harakeh, Amena; Cherian, Sunu Alice title: Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and the COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-20 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32141-3 sha: doc_id: 339645 cord_uid: 0babe90b file: cache/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.json key: cord-339649-ppgmmeuz authors: Klein, Michael G.; Cheng, Carolynn J.; Lii, Evonne; Mao, Keying; Mesbahi, Hamza; Zhu, Tianjie; Muckstadt, John A.; Hupert, Nathaniel title: COVID-19 Models for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-10 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.332 sha: doc_id: 339649 cord_uid: ppgmmeuz file: cache/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.json key: cord-339686-oybnk1j8 authors: Suassuna, José Hermógenes Rocco; de Lima, Emerson Quintino; Rocha, Eduardo; Castro, Alan; Burdmann, Emmanuel de Almeida; do Carmo, Lilian Pires de Freitas; Yu, Luis; Ibrahim, Mauricio Younes; Betônico, Gustavo Navarro; Cuvello, Américo Lourenço; Ávila, Maria Olinda Nogueira; Gonçalvez, Anderson R. Roman; Costa, Ciro Bruno Silveira; Bresolin, Nilzete Liberato; de Abreu, Andrea Pio; Lobo, Suzana Margareth Ajeje; do Nascimento, Marcelo Mazza title: Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Bras Nefrol DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-s107 sha: doc_id: 339686 cord_uid: oybnk1j8 file: cache/cord-339689-pemyxewv.json key: cord-339689-pemyxewv authors: Moran, Alexander; Mphahlele, Matsie; Mvusi, Lindiwe; Dlamini, Cindy; Ahmedov, Sevim; AlMossawi, Hala Jassim; Kak, Neeraj title: Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy date: 2020-07-28 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020328 sha: doc_id: 339689 cord_uid: pemyxewv file: cache/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.json key: cord-339638-yrxoj1hl authors: Goldman, Ran D.; McGregor, Sophie; Marneni, Shashidhar R.; Katsuta, Tomohiro; Griffiths, Mark A.; Hall, Jeanine E.; Seiler, Michelle; Klein, Eileen J.; Cotanda, Cristina Parra; Gelernter, Renana; Hoeffe, Julia; Davis, Adrienne L.; Gualco, Gianluca; Mater, Ahmed; Manzano, Sergio; Thompson, Graham C.; Ahmed, Sara; Ali, Samina; Brown, Julie C. title: Willingness to Vaccinate Children against Influenza after the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 339638 cord_uid: yrxoj1hl file: cache/cord-339712-chkgq0it.json key: cord-339712-chkgq0it authors: Hussain, Arshad; Ali, Iftikhar; Hassan, Zair title: People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection date: 2020-05-17 journal: Pak J Med Sci DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2629 sha: doc_id: 339712 cord_uid: chkgq0it file: cache/cord-339665-nwwutduy.json key: cord-339665-nwwutduy authors: Patel, Ami; Walters, Jewell; Reuschel, Emma L.; Schultheis, Katherine; Parzych, Elizabeth; Gary, Ebony N.; Maricic, Igor; Purwar, Mansi; Eblimit, Zeena; Walker, Susanne N.; Guimet, Diana; Bhojnagarwala, Pratik; Doan, Arthur; Xu, Ziyang; Elwood, Dustin; Reeder, Sophia M.; Pessaint, Laurent; Kim, Kevin Y.; Cook, Anthony; Chokkalingam, Neethu; Finneyfrock, Brad; Tello-Ruiz, Edgar; Dodson, Alan; Choi, Jihae; Generotti, Alison; Harrison, John; Tursi, Nicholas J.; Andrade, Viviane M.; Dia, Yaya; Zaidi, Faraz I.; Andersen, Hanne; Lewis, Mark G.; Muthumani, Kar; Kim, J Joseph; Kulp, Daniel W.; Humeau, Laurent M.; Ramos, Stephanie; Smith, Trevor R.F.; Weiner, David B.; Broderick, Kate E. title: Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model date: 2020-07-29 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.28.225649 sha: doc_id: 339665 cord_uid: nwwutduy file: cache/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.json key: cord-339727-q8pjwl3s authors: Sahu, Kamal Kant; Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal; Cerny, Jan title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside date: 2020-07-30 journal: Lab Med DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa049 sha: doc_id: 339727 cord_uid: q8pjwl3s file: cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.json key: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy authors: Nopp, Stephan; Moik, Florian; Jilma, Bernd; Pabinger, Ingrid; Ay, Cihan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12439 sha: doc_id: 339695 cord_uid: 3ij5pjjy file: cache/cord-339874-not2z6q6.json key: cord-339874-not2z6q6 authors: Kumar, Ankush title: Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076489 sha: doc_id: 339874 cord_uid: not2z6q6 file: cache/cord-339830-7om9ajev.json key: cord-339830-7om9ajev authors: Fisher, Edwin B; Miller, Suzanne M; Evans, Megan; Luu, Samantha L; Tang, Patrick Y; Dreyer Valovcin, Dawn; Castellano, Cherie title: COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field date: 2020-06-22 journal: Transl Behav Med DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa056 sha: doc_id: 339830 cord_uid: 7om9ajev file: cache/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.json key: cord-339861-yq1qeo5d authors: Fan, Jingchun; Hambly, Brett D.; Bao, Shisan title: The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Gansu and Jinlin Provinces, China date: 2020-09-11 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.555550 sha: doc_id: 339861 cord_uid: yq1qeo5d file: cache/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.json key: cord-339737-7qdjea6f authors: Sbidian, E.; Josse, J.; Lemaitre, G.; Mayer, I.; Bernaux, M.; Gramfort, A.; Lapidus, N.; Paris, N.; Neuraz, A.; Lerner, I.; Garcelon, N.; Rance, B.; Grisel, O.; Moreau, T.; Bellamine, A.; Wolkenstein, P.; Varoquaux, G.; Caumes, E.; Lavielle, M.; Mekontso Dessap, A.; Audureau, E. title: Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and in-hospital mortality or discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: a cohort study of 4,642 in-patients in France date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132597 sha: doc_id: 339737 cord_uid: 7qdjea6f file: cache/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.json key: cord-339902-tsd6sjcx authors: Lagunas-Rangel, F. A.; Chavez-Valencia, V. title: Laboratory findings that predict a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20145391 sha: doc_id: 339902 cord_uid: tsd6sjcx file: cache/cord-339864-rv5zw972.json key: cord-339864-rv5zw972 authors: Reihani, Hamidreza; Ghassemi, Mateen; Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann; Aljohani, Bandar; Pourmand, Ali title: Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 339864 cord_uid: rv5zw972 file: cache/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.json key: cord-339919-4ko4lwjz authors: Cook, T. M. title: The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15103 sha: doc_id: 339919 cord_uid: 4ko4lwjz file: cache/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.json key: cord-339835-ze9ay2rm authors: Daphna-Tekoah, Shir; Megadasi Brikman, Talia; Scheier, Eric; Balla, Uri title: Listening to Hospital Personnel’s Narratives during the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-03 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176413 sha: doc_id: 339835 cord_uid: ze9ay2rm file: cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.json key: cord-340027-6l55rcfm authors: Mamode Khan, Naushad; Soobhug, Ashwinee Devi; Heenaye-Mamode Khan, Maleika title: Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date: 2020-07-10 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235730 sha: doc_id: 340027 cord_uid: 6l55rcfm file: cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.json key: cord-339935-tguhrqvz authors: Zavattaro, Staci M.; Hall, Jeremy L.; Battaglio, R. Paul; Hail, Michael W. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13290 sha: doc_id: 339935 cord_uid: tguhrqvz file: cache/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.json key: cord-339908-a2r5wzqn authors: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Sleep, physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: complexities and opportunities for intervention date: 2020-10-10 journal: Sleep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 339908 cord_uid: a2r5wzqn file: cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.json key: cord-339968-s1kmipir authors: Osier, Faith; Ting, Jenny P. Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. S.; Suchard, Melinda title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 sha: doc_id: 339968 cord_uid: s1kmipir file: cache/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.json key: cord-340010-t1m7dxzc authors: Schaefer, Esperance A. K.; Arvind, Ashwini; Bloom, Patricia P.; Chung, Raymond T. title: Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) DOI: 10.1002/cld.967 sha: doc_id: 340010 cord_uid: t1m7dxzc file: cache/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.json key: cord-340015-x9frt0jh authors: de Carvalho, Werther Brunow; Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni; Krebs, Vera Lucia Jornada; Calil, Valdenise Martins Laurindo Tuma; Johnston, Cíntia title: Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1932 sha: doc_id: 340015 cord_uid: x9frt0jh file: cache/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.json key: cord-340029-iv2x1vap authors: Farabi, Banu; Bhargava, Shashank; Goldust, Mohamad; Atak, Mehmet Fatih title: Comment on “Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment” date: 2020-06-14 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13840 sha: doc_id: 340029 cord_uid: iv2x1vap file: cache/cord-339984-vuwjre82.json key: cord-339984-vuwjre82 authors: Nair, Vinay; Jandovitz, Nicholas; Jhaveri, Kenar D; Molmenti, Ernesto title: COVID-19 and solid organ transplant outcomes date: 2020-09-02 journal: Nephrol Dial Transplant DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa207 sha: doc_id: 339984 cord_uid: vuwjre82 file: cache/cord-340008-2efzyki4.json key: cord-340008-2efzyki4 authors: Haddadi, Kaveh; Asadian, Leila title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Latest Data on Neuroinvasive Potential date: 2020-09-17 journal: Iran J Med Sci DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85980.1561 sha: doc_id: 340008 cord_uid: 2efzyki4 file: cache/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.json key: cord-339956-o5o2yz1u authors: Albahri, O.S.; Al-Obaidi, Jameel R.; Zaidan, A.A.; Albahri, A.S.; Zaidan, B.B.; Sali, M.M.; Abdlhadi, A.; Dawood, K.A.; Mohammed, R.T.; Abdulkareem, Karrar Hameed; Aleesa, A.M.; Alamoodi, A.H.; Chyad, M.A.; Zulkifli, Che Zalina title: Helping Doctors Hasten COVID-19 Treatment: Towards a Rescue Framework for the Transfusion of Best Convalescent Plasma to the Most Critical Patients based on Biological Requirements via ML and Novel MCDM Methods date: 2020-06-20 journal: Comput Methods Programs Biomed DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105617 sha: doc_id: 339956 cord_uid: o5o2yz1u file: cache/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.json key: cord-340063-nmx91h0a authors: Müller, Olaf; Neuhann, Florian; Razum, Oliver title: Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 journal: Dtsch Med Wochenschr DOI: 10.1055/a-1162-1987 sha: doc_id: 340063 cord_uid: nmx91h0a file: cache/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.json key: cord-339990-gtbhb24z authors: Moroni, Francesco; Baldetti, Luca title: COVID-19 and arterial thrombosis: A potentially fatal combination date: 2020-10-20 journal: Int J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.046 sha: doc_id: 339990 cord_uid: gtbhb24z file: cache/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.json key: cord-340094-u3x4g8ul authors: D’Alò, Gian Loreto; Modica, Domenico Cicciarella; Maurici, Massimo; Mozzetti, Cinzia; Messina, Alessandra; Distefano, Alessandra; Pica, Francesca; De Filippis, Patrizia title: Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-02 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101870 sha: doc_id: 340094 cord_uid: u3x4g8ul file: cache/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.json key: cord-340060-l1okt3lm authors: pathak, Mamta; kumar patel, Shailesh; rana, Jigyasa; tiwari, Ruchi; dhama, Kuldeep; sah, Ranjit; Rabaan, Ali a.; bonilla-aldana, Katterine; Rodriguez-morales, Alfonso j. title: Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools date: 2020-04-15 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 340060 cord_uid: l1okt3lm file: cache/cord-340091-kptilmi8.json key: cord-340091-kptilmi8 authors: Mulatu, H. A.; Tesfaye, M.; Woldeyes, E.; Bayisa, T.; Fisseha, H.; Asrat, R. title: The prevalence of common mental disorders among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary Hospital in East Africa date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222430 sha: doc_id: 340091 cord_uid: kptilmi8 file: cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.json key: cord-340028-6oicmeam authors: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.102988 sha: doc_id: 340028 cord_uid: 6oicmeam file: cache/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.json key: cord-340085-ywg4rhnn authors: Maras, J. S.; Sharma, S.; Bhat, A. R.; Aggarwal, R.; Gupta, E.; Sarin, S. K. title: Multi-Omics integration analysis of respiratory specimen characterizes baseline molecular determinants associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. date: 2020-07-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.06.20147082 sha: doc_id: 340085 cord_uid: ywg4rhnn file: cache/cord-340110-nvjit17f.json key: cord-340110-nvjit17f authors: Singh, Rakesh; Baral, Kedar Prasad; Mahato, Sharika title: An urgent call for measures to fight against increasing suicides during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal date: 2020-06-20 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102259 sha: doc_id: 340110 cord_uid: nvjit17f file: cache/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.json key: cord-340090-dqhdws5k authors: Behera, P.; Patro, B. K.; Singh, A. K.; Chandanshive, P. D.; S R, R.; Pradhan, S. K.; Pentapati, S. S. K.; Batmanabane, G.; Padhy, B. M.; Bal, S.; Singh, S. R.; Mohanty, R. R. title: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study date: 2020-11-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222661 sha: doc_id: 340090 cord_uid: dqhdws5k file: cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.json key: cord-340119-af8i359n authors: Wang, Shi-xin; Wang, Yan; Lu, Yu-bao; Li, Jie-yun; Song, Yu-jun; Nyamgerelt, Munkhtuya; Wang, Xue-xi title: Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine date: 2020-04-15 journal: J Integr Med DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 340119 cord_uid: af8i359n file: cache/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.json key: cord-340137-2ipkxn9p authors: Naguib, Mahmoud M; Ellström, Patrik; Järhult, Josef D; Lundkvist, Åke; Olsen, Björn title: Towards pandemic preparedness beyond COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: Lancet Microbe DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30088-4 sha: doc_id: 340137 cord_uid: 2ipkxn9p file: cache/cord-340042-intxyu46.json key: cord-340042-intxyu46 authors: Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir; Hazafa, Abu; Mumtaz, Muhummad; Kalsoom, Ume; Abbas, Saima; Kainaat, Amna; Bilal, Shahid; Zafar, Nauman; Siddique, Aleena; Zafar, Ayesha title: New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-11 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118421 sha: doc_id: 340042 cord_uid: intxyu46 file: cache/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.json key: cord-340051-r9kn34wd authors: MEI, Xue; ZHANG, Yuyi; ZHU, Hui; LING, Yun; ZOU, Ying; ZHANG, Zhengguo; GUO, Hongying; LIU, Yu; CHENG, Xingxia; LIU, Min; HUANG, Wei; WANG, Jiefei; YI, Zhigang; QIAN, Zhiping; LU, Hongzhou title: Observations about Symptomatic and Asymptomatic infections of 494 patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai,China date: 2020-07-06 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.221 sha: doc_id: 340051 cord_uid: r9kn34wd file: cache/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.json key: cord-340103-dc3wye9s authors: Pallanti, Stefano title: Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology date: 2020-05-11 journal: Compr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152184 sha: doc_id: 340103 cord_uid: dc3wye9s file: cache/cord-340164-vzdyy656.json key: cord-340164-vzdyy656 authors: Karimi, Zohreh; Fereidouni, Zhila; Behnammoghadam, Mohammad; Alimohammadi, Nasrollah; Mousavizadeh, Ali; Salehi, Tahmine; Mirzaee, Mohammad Saeed; Mirzaee, Sobhan title: The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study date: 2020-08-20 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s258785 sha: doc_id: 340164 cord_uid: vzdyy656 file: cache/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.json key: cord-340168-ff6z1tpx authors: Armitage, Richard; Nellums, Laura B title: COVID-19: Compounding the health-related harms of human trafficking date: 2020-06-05 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100409 sha: doc_id: 340168 cord_uid: ff6z1tpx file: cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.json key: cord-340145-nx746m76 authors: Trisolino, Giovanni; Origo, Carlo Enrico; De Sanctis, Nando; Dibello, Daniela; Farsetti, Pasquale; Gigante, Cosimo; Guida, Pasquale; Marengo, Lorenza; Panuccio, Elena; Toniolo, Renato Maria; Verdoni, Fabio; Memeo, Antonio title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00911-7 sha: doc_id: 340145 cord_uid: nx746m76 file: cache/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.json key: cord-340186-nc5uv2va authors: Caligiuri, Paula; De Cieri, Helen; Minbaeva, Dana; Verbeke, Alain; Zimmermann, Angelika title: International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Int Bus Stud DOI: 10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9 sha: doc_id: 340186 cord_uid: nc5uv2va file: cache/cord-340204-3gm58qza.json key: cord-340204-3gm58qza authors: Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Shadvar, Kamran; Ghamari, Ali Akbar; Mohammadzadeh Lameh, Mojtaba; Asghari Ardebili, Roghayeh; Hamidi, Masood; Soleimanpour, Hassan title: Management of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: What We Learned and What We Do date: 2020-06-10 journal: Anesth Pain Med DOI: 10.5812/aapm.104900 sha: doc_id: 340204 cord_uid: 3gm58qza file: cache/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.json key: cord-340155-jdddm2rz authors: Neves, Sara E.; Fatima, Huma; Walsh, Daniel P.; Mahmood, Feroze; Chaudhary, Omar; Matyal, Robina title: Role of Ultrasound Guided Evaluation of Dyspnea in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.005 sha: doc_id: 340155 cord_uid: jdddm2rz file: cache/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.json key: cord-340163-ex03l0pc authors: Hu, Tingting; Liu, Ying; Zhao, Mingyi; Zhuang, Quan; Xu, Linyong; He, Qingnan title: A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-19 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9725 sha: doc_id: 340163 cord_uid: ex03l0pc file: cache/cord-340274-ke94njve.json key: cord-340274-ke94njve authors: Nayak, Saurabh; Bharati, Joyita title: Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? date: 2020-09-28 journal: Am J Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 340274 cord_uid: ke94njve file: cache/cord-340283-5w444i1g.json key: cord-340283-5w444i1g authors: Das, Anupam; Singh, Vinay title: Erythematous‐oedematous type of chilblain‐like lesions and COVID‐19 : an Indian perspective date: 2020-06-27 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13912 sha: doc_id: 340283 cord_uid: 5w444i1g file: cache/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.json key: cord-340114-ycgc6yyc authors: Rajagopal, Kalirajan; Varakumar, Potlapati; Aparna, Baliwada; Byran, Gowramma; Jupudi, Srikanth title: Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies date: 2020-07-28 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1798285 sha: doc_id: 340114 cord_uid: ycgc6yyc file: cache/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.json key: cord-340232-cadu5ah8 authors: Aliter, Kholoud F.; Al-Horani, Rami A. title: Thrombin Inhibition by Argatroban: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: Cardiovasc Drugs Ther DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07066-x sha: doc_id: 340232 cord_uid: cadu5ah8 file: cache/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.json key: cord-340121-ytw82yyp authors: Sahin, Dilek; Erol, Seyit Ahmet; Tanacan, Atakan; Ozcan, Namik; Keskin, H.Levent; Moraloglu tekin, Ozlem title: An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.021 sha: doc_id: 340121 cord_uid: ytw82yyp file: cache/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.json key: cord-340303-1xd5tntx authors: Durmuş, Veli title: Tendencias epidémicas en los diez principales países con más casos de COVID-19 en comparación con Turquía date: 2020-09-14 journal: Vacunas DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2020.08.003 sha: doc_id: 340303 cord_uid: 1xd5tntx file: cache/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.json key: cord-340138-u8hxyfml authors: Seneviratne, Chaminda Jayampath; Lau, Matthew Wen Jian; Goh, Bee Tin title: The Role of Dentists in COVID-19 Is Beyond Dentistry: Voluntary Medical Engagements and Future Preparedness date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00566 sha: doc_id: 340138 cord_uid: u8hxyfml file: cache/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.json key: cord-340397-b43zgxgv authors: Buenaventura, Robert D.; Ho, Jacqueline B.; Lapid, Maria I. title: COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country date: 2020-04-30 journal: International psychogeriatrics DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000757 sha: doc_id: 340397 cord_uid: b43zgxgv file: cache/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.json key: cord-340381-qfp5p6gv authors: Faddoul, Annibal; de la Jonquière, Christophe title: L’anesthésie au temps du COVID date: 2020-08-20 journal: Prat Anesth Reanim DOI: 10.1016/j.pratan.2020.07.010 sha: doc_id: 340381 cord_uid: qfp5p6gv file: cache/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.json key: cord-340323-xz6v95yy authors: Urbach, Horst; Janssen, Hendrik; Linn, Jennifer; Hoffmann, Titus; Tritt, Stephanie; Weber, Werner; Wiesmann, Martin title: Notfällige Neurointerventionen, Covid-19 und Thorax-CT: SOP und Literaturübersicht date: 2020-05-07 journal: Clin Neuroradiol DOI: 10.1007/s00062-020-00911-4 sha: doc_id: 340323 cord_uid: xz6v95yy file: cache/cord-340464-axb6resr.json key: cord-340464-axb6resr authors: Vijayasekaran, D.; Kalpana, S. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward – Correspondence date: 2020-11-04 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03553-z sha: doc_id: 340464 cord_uid: axb6resr file: cache/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.json key: cord-340298-0l4pec0z authors: Terriau, A.; Albertini, J.; Poirier, A.; LE BASTARD, Q. title: Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model date: 2020-05-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080531 sha: doc_id: 340298 cord_uid: 0l4pec0z file: cache/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.json key: cord-340474-hbcu72cm authors: Kaushik, Akanksha; Parsad, Davinder; Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil title: Urticaria in the times of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13817 sha: doc_id: 340474 cord_uid: hbcu72cm file: cache/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.json key: cord-340354-j3xsp2po authors: Noll, N. B.; Askamentov, I.; Druelle, V.; Badenhorst, A.; Jefferies, G.; Albert, J.; Neher, R. title: COVID-19 Scenarios: an interactive tool to explore the spread and associated morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091363 sha: doc_id: 340354 cord_uid: j3xsp2po file: cache/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.json key: cord-340285-mq9x12nw authors: Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. title: From causes of aging to death from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103493 sha: doc_id: 340285 cord_uid: mq9x12nw file: cache/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.json key: cord-340284-xo7q4dqr authors: Pappa, Sofia; Ntella, Vasiliki; Giannakas, Timoleon; Giannakoulis, Vassilis G.; Papoutsi, Eleni; Katsaounou, Paraskevi title: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-08 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026 sha: doc_id: 340284 cord_uid: xo7q4dqr file: cache/cord-340436-qiyoamek.json key: cord-340436-qiyoamek authors: Varshney, Anubodh S.; Wang, David E.; Bhatt, Ankeet S.; Blood, Alexander; Sharkawi, Musa A.; Siddiqi, Hasan K.; Vaduganathan, Muthiah; Monteleone, Peter P.; Patel, Manesh R.; Jones, W. Schuyler; Lopes, Renato D.; Mehra, Mandeep R.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Kochar, Ajar title: Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis date: 2020-10-26 journal: Am Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.065 sha: doc_id: 340436 cord_uid: qiyoamek file: cache/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.json key: cord-340305-jtvn9tlm authors: Cimolai, Nevio title: A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00533-4 sha: doc_id: 340305 cord_uid: jtvn9tlm file: cache/cord-340367-h608bj86.json key: cord-340367-h608bj86 authors: Yarali, Neşe; Akcabelen, Yunus Murat; Unal, Yasemin; Parlakay, Aslı Nur title: Hematological parameters and peripheral blood morphologic abnormalities in children with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28596 sha: doc_id: 340367 cord_uid: h608bj86 file: cache/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.json key: cord-340468-3s3dv88w authors: Plumereau, Cécile; Cho, Tae-Hee; Buisson, Marielle; Amaz, Camille; Cappucci, Matteo; Derex, Laurent; Ong, Elodie; Fontaine, Julia; Rascle, Lucie; Riva, Roberto; Schiavo, David; Benhamed, Axel; Douplat, Marion; Bony, Thomas; Tazarourte, Karim; Tuttle, Célia; Eker, Omer Faruk; Berthezène, Yves; Ovize, Michel; Nighoghossian, Norbert; Mechtouff, Laura title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke reperfusion therapy: data from the Lyon Stroke Center Network date: 2020-09-09 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10199-6 sha: doc_id: 340468 cord_uid: 3s3dv88w file: cache/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.json key: cord-340394-yzkl0chl authors: Sarkis, Joseph; Dewick, Paul; Hofstetter, Joerg Stefan; Schröder, Patrick title: Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks date: 2020-07-24 journal: One Earth DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 340394 cord_uid: yzkl0chl file: cache/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.json key: cord-340398-bph0ro5v authors: Yan, Xisheng; Li, Fen; Wang, Xiao; Yan, Jie; Zhu, Fen; Tang, Shifan; Deng, Yingzhong; Wang, Hua; Chen, Rui; Yu, Zhili; Li, Yaping; Shang, Jingzhou; Zeng, Lingjun; Zhao, Jie; Guan, Chaokun; Liu, Qiaomei; Chen, Haifeng; Gong, Wei; Huang, Xin; Zhang, Yu‐Jiao; Liu, Jianguang; Dong, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Wen; Nie, Shaoping; Li, Dongsheng title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26061 sha: doc_id: 340398 cord_uid: bph0ro5v file: cache/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.json key: cord-340512-wjbh1z8y authors: Dugas, M.; Carnovale, V.; Poirier, A.-A.; Mailot, B.; Skidmore, B.; Faust, L.; Costello, C.; Thomson, D.; Majnemer, A.; Goldowitz, D.; Miller, S.; LeBlanc, A. title: COVID-19 in Children with Brain-Based Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid Review date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20088021 sha: doc_id: 340512 cord_uid: wjbh1z8y file: cache/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.json key: cord-340535-78bpvtuf authors: Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni; Kurtulmuş, Ayşe; Arpacıoğlu, Selim; Karadere, Emrah title: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels of Physicians and Associated Factors In Covid-19 Pandemics date: 2020-05-27 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130 sha: doc_id: 340535 cord_uid: 78bpvtuf file: cache/cord-340536-azlajqbe.json key: cord-340536-azlajqbe authors: Bartolo, Michelangelo; Intiso, Domenico; Lentino, Carmelo; Sandrini, Giorgio; Paolucci, Stefano; Zampolini, Mauro title: Urgent Measures for the Containment of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic in the Neurorehabilitation/Rehabilitation Departments in the Phase of Maximum Expansion of the Epidemic date: 2020-04-30 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00423 sha: doc_id: 340536 cord_uid: azlajqbe file: cache/cord-340433-h86cufyp.json key: cord-340433-h86cufyp authors: Sahu, Bikash R; Kishor Kampa, Raj; Padhi, Archana; Panda, Aditya K. title: C-reactive protein: a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-05 journal: Clin Chim Acta DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.013 sha: doc_id: 340433 cord_uid: h86cufyp file: cache/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.json key: cord-340537-pdvpmydk authors: Bañon-Gonzalez, Rafael; Carnicero-Caceres, Silvia; Suarez-Mier, M. Paz; Diaz, Francisco J. title: Autopsies of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 340537 cord_uid: pdvpmydk file: cache/cord-340511-syy9okhi.json key: cord-340511-syy9okhi authors: Dettori, Marco; Deiana, Giovanna; Balletto, Ginevra; Borruso, Giuseppe; Murgante, Beniamino; Arghittu, Antonella; Azara, Antonio; Castiglia, Paolo title: Air pollutants and risk of death due to COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-11-11 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110459 sha: doc_id: 340511 cord_uid: syy9okhi file: cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.json key: cord-340415-6fte7krp authors: Thevarajan, Irani; Buising, Kirsty L; Cowie, Benjamin C title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Med J Aust DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50698 sha: doc_id: 340415 cord_uid: 6fte7krp file: cache/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.json key: cord-340573-6uz6uw7i authors: Gleeson, Sarah; Noori, Muna; Lightstone, Liz; Webster, Philip title: Lesson for the clinical nephrologist: Kidney transplant, COVID-19 and pregnancy date: 2020-11-12 journal: J Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00897-9 sha: doc_id: 340573 cord_uid: 6uz6uw7i file: cache/cord-340553-vofar32b.json key: cord-340553-vofar32b authors: Atique, Suleman; Bautista, John Robert; Block, Lorraine J.; Lee, Jay Jung Jae; Lozada‐Perezmitre, Erika; Nibber, Raji; O’Connor, Siobhan; Peltonen, Laura‐Maria; Ronquillo, Charlene; Tayaben, Jude; Thilo, Friederike J.S.; Topaz, Maxim title: A nursing informatics response to COVID‐19: perspectives from five regions of the world date: 2020-05-18 journal: J Adv Nurs DOI: 10.1111/jan.14417 sha: doc_id: 340553 cord_uid: vofar32b file: cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.json key: cord-340616-5vtgd46s authors: ÇETİN, Ceren; KARA, Ateş title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 journal: Turk J Med Sci DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 sha: doc_id: 340616 cord_uid: 5vtgd46s file: cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.json key: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi authors: Grant, Michael C.; Geoghegan, Luke; Arbyn, Marc; Mohammed, Zakaria; McGuinness, Luke; Clarke, Emily L.; Wade, Ryckie G. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 sha: doc_id: 340656 cord_uid: ltd6ueoi file: cache/cord-340650-mwsa326c.json key: cord-340650-mwsa326c authors: Elangovan, E. 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S.; Kathiravan, A.; Mallampalli, R.; Thomas, T.; Subramaniyam, G. title: Rationale and prognosis of repurposed drugs with risk stratification of patients in oxygen support in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.04.20206516 sha: doc_id: 340650 cord_uid: mwsa326c file: cache/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.json key: cord-340687-99ad1rwq authors: Abourida, Yassamine; Rebahi, Houssam; Oussayeh, Imane; Chichou, Hajar; Fakhir, Bouchra; Soummani, Abderraouf; Jalal, Hicham; Bennaoui, Fatiha; Slitine, Nadia El Idrissi; Maoulainine, Fadl Mrabih Rabou; El Adib, Ahmed Rhassane; Samkaoui, Mohamed Abdenacer title: Management of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-07-27 journal: Case Rep Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1155/2020/8852816 sha: doc_id: 340687 cord_uid: 99ad1rwq file: cache/cord-340826-2530zdeq.json key: cord-340826-2530zdeq authors: Hwang, Jong-moon; Kim, Ju-Hyun; Park, Jin-Sung; Chang, Min Cheol; Park, Donghwi title: Neurological diseases as mortality predictive factors for patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-08 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04541-z sha: doc_id: 340826 cord_uid: 2530zdeq file: cache/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.json key: cord-340538-vjw7d5ju authors: Brown, Joshua D.; Vouri, Scott M.; Manini, Todd M. title: Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-11-12 journal: Res Social Adm Pharm DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.005 sha: doc_id: 340538 cord_uid: vjw7d5ju file: cache/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.json key: cord-340583-kjrxrk50 authors: Castro‐Rodriguez, Jose A.; Forno, Erick title: Asthma and COVID‐19 in children – a systematic review and call for data date: 2020-06-18 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24909 sha: doc_id: 340583 cord_uid: kjrxrk50 file: cache/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.json key: cord-340646-dj1gqzzt authors: Molina, Gabriel A.; Rojas, Christian L.; Aguayo, William G.; Moyon C., Miguel A.; Moyon, Fernando X.; Herrera, Juan M.; Jiménez, Galo Enrique; Ayala, Andres Vinicio; Fuentes, Germanico; Endara, Santiago A. title: COVID-19 in Ecuador, how the pandemic strained the surgical healthcare systems over the edge date: 2020-09-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 340646 cord_uid: dj1gqzzt file: cache/cord-340564-3fu914lk.json key: cord-340564-3fu914lk authors: Cohen, Joseph Paul; Dao, Lan; Roth, Karsten; Morrison, Paul; Bengio, Yoshua; Abbasi, Almas F; Shen, Beiyi; Mahsa, Hoshmand Kochi; Ghassemi, Marzyeh; Li, Haifang; Duong, Tim title: Predicting COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity on Chest X-ray With Deep Learning date: 2020-07-28 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9448 sha: doc_id: 340564 cord_uid: 3fu914lk file: cache/cord-340738-2pufvc67.json key: cord-340738-2pufvc67 authors: AbdAllah, Mohamed; Cordie, Ahmed title: Herd-immunity against COVID-19: Is it enough to stop a second wave? date: 2020-11-12 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100811 sha: doc_id: 340738 cord_uid: 2pufvc67 file: cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.json key: cord-340799-1awmtj52 authors: Krajewska, Joanna; Krajewski, Wojciech; Zub, Krzysztof; Zatoński, Tomasz title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 journal: Auris Nasus Larynx DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 sha: doc_id: 340799 cord_uid: 1awmtj52 file: cache/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.json key: cord-340710-dmow5p7k authors: Lagana, Stephen M.; Kudose, Satoru; Iuga, Alina C.; Lee, Michael J.; Fazlollahi, Ladan; Remotti, Helen E.; Del Portillo, Armando; De Michele, Simona; de Gonzalez, Anne Koehne; Saqi, Anjali; Khairallah, Pascale; Chong, Alexander M.; Park, Heekuk; Uhlemann, Anne-Catrin; Lefkowitch, Jay H.; Verna, Elizabeth C. title: Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data date: 2020-08-13 journal: Mod Pathol DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00649-x sha: doc_id: 340710 cord_uid: dmow5p7k file: cache/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.json key: cord-340713-v5sdowb7 authors: Bird, Jordan J.; Barnes, Chloe M.; Premebida, Cristiano; Ekárt, Anikó; Faria, Diego R. title: Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data: A machine learning approach date: 2020-10-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241332 sha: doc_id: 340713 cord_uid: v5sdowb7 file: cache/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.json key: cord-340728-8jvg3sir authors: Lindsay, Karen J.; Leonard, David A.; Higgins, Gillian C.; Robertson, Eleanor; Perks, Graeme title: Invited editorial from the social media editor of JPRAS; Leadership in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 340728 cord_uid: 8jvg3sir file: cache/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.json key: cord-340578-5vyv9swb authors: Pedraja, J.; Maestre, J. M.; Rabanal, J. M.; Morales, C.; Aparicio, J.; del Moral, I. title: Role of 3D printing in the protection of surgical and critical care professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 340578 cord_uid: 5vyv9swb file: cache/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.json key: cord-340848-gdi4c92i authors: Moon, M. Jae title: Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges date: 2020-05-20 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13214 sha: doc_id: 340848 cord_uid: gdi4c92i file: cache/cord-340663-zylk61ll.json key: cord-340663-zylk61ll authors: Singh, Devendra Raj; Sunuwar, Dev Ram; Adhikari, Bipin; Szabo, Sylvia; Padmadas, Sabu S title: The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status date: 2020-06-17 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010378 sha: doc_id: 340663 cord_uid: zylk61ll file: cache/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.json key: cord-340725-xy74wd6j authors: Sora, Federica; Chiusolo, Patrizia; Laurenti, Luca; Innocenti, Idanna; Autore, Francesco; Alma, Eleonora; Viscovo, Marcello; Fusco, Domernico; Maresca, Maddalena; Tumbarello, Mario; Sica, Simona title: SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION date: 2020-07-23 journal: Transfus Apher Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102881 sha: doc_id: 340725 cord_uid: xy74wd6j file: cache/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.json key: cord-340855-y5o8dvf4 authors: Meng, Zibo; Ren, Dianyun; Liu, Yun; Lu, Xiaoming; Xiong, Wei; Jin, Xin title: Predicted value of coagulation function for prognosis and admission time to negative RT‐PCR detection in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-04 journal: Clin Transl Med DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.42 sha: doc_id: 340855 cord_uid: y5o8dvf4 file: cache/cord-340752-367jr3so.json key: cord-340752-367jr3so authors: Mitchell, Rob; Banks, Colin title: Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources date: 2020-04-01 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209660 sha: doc_id: 340752 cord_uid: 367jr3so file: cache/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.json key: cord-340796-0l9v9f1e authors: García-Manzanedo, Sofía; de la Oliva Calvo, Leire López; Álvarez, Lara Ruiz title: SÍNDROME DE GUILLAIN-BARRÉ TRAS INFECCIÓN POR COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 340796 cord_uid: 0l9v9f1e file: cache/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.json key: cord-340921-tg62xw8v authors: Jee, Youngmee title: WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-19 journal: Epidemiol Health DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020013 sha: doc_id: 340921 cord_uid: tg62xw8v file: cache/cord-340938-mk01k235.json key: cord-340938-mk01k235 authors: Xu, Kandi; Zhou, Min; Yang, Dexiang; Ling, Yun; Liu, Kui; Bai, Tao; Cheng, Zenghui; Li, Jian title: Application of ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of illness severity of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-07 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001533 sha: doc_id: 340938 cord_uid: mk01k235 file: cache/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.json key: cord-340984-blkhfhe2 authors: Gklinos, Panagiotis title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09939-5 sha: doc_id: 340984 cord_uid: blkhfhe2 file: cache/cord-340930-5cavkdde.json key: cord-340930-5cavkdde authors: Cheung, Victor Kai-Lam; So, Eric Hang-Kwong; Ng, George Wing-Yiu; So, CC Sze-Sze; Hung, Jeff Leung-Kit; Chia, Nam-Hung title: Investigating effects of healthcare simulation on personal strengths and organizational impacts for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Integr Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100476 sha: doc_id: 340930 cord_uid: 5cavkdde file: cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.json key: cord-340851-lnv8yi9l authors: Perkins, Alex; Espana, Guido title: Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076018 sha: doc_id: 340851 cord_uid: lnv8yi9l file: cache/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.json key: cord-340880-2qop8tcp authors: Hyman, Jaime B.; Leibner, Evan S.; Tandon, Pranai; Egorova, Natalia N.; Bassily-Marcus, Adel; Kohli-Seth, Roopa; Arvind, Varun; Chang, Helena L.; Lin, Hung-Mo; Levin, Matthew A. title: Timing of Intubation and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-21 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000254 sha: doc_id: 340880 cord_uid: 2qop8tcp file: cache/cord-340889-ff35696d.json key: cord-340889-ff35696d authors: Ko, Nai-Ying; Lu, Wei-Hsin; Chen, Yi-Lung; Li, Dian-Jeng; Chang, Yu-Ping; Wu, Chia-Fen; Wang, Peng-Wei; Yen, Cheng-Fang title: Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics date: 2020-08-11 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165822 sha: doc_id: 340889 cord_uid: ff35696d file: cache/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.json key: cord-340805-qbvgnr4r authors: Ioannidis, John P.A.; Cripps, Sally; Tanner, Martin A. title: Forecasting for COVID-19 has failed date: 2020-08-25 journal: Int J Forecast DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 340805 cord_uid: qbvgnr4r file: cache/cord-340884-9blq86zo.json key: cord-340884-9blq86zo authors: Prakash, Elapulli Sankaranarayanan title: Am I a “COVID-19 Patient” or “a Patient With COVID-19”? date: 2020-08-24 journal: J Patient Exp DOI: 10.1177/2374373520951669 sha: doc_id: 340884 cord_uid: 9blq86zo file: cache/cord-341060-otvoo99j.json key: cord-341060-otvoo99j authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Papanikolaou, John; Balhamar, Abdullah; Blaivas, Mike; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Thrombolysis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-07-30 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.068 sha: doc_id: 341060 cord_uid: otvoo99j file: cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.json key: cord-340887-k88hchau authors: Khusid, Johnathan A.; Weinstein, Corey S.; Becerra, Adan Z.; Kashani, Mahyar; Robins, Dennis J.; Fink, Lauren E.; Smith, Matthew T.; Weiss, Jeffrey P. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13559 sha: doc_id: 340887 cord_uid: k88hchau file: cache/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.json key: cord-340937-6mpob1nx authors: Varshney, Mohit; Parel, Jithin Thomas; Raizada, Neeraj; Sarin, Shiv Kumar title: Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey date: 2020-05-29 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233874 sha: doc_id: 340937 cord_uid: 6mpob1nx file: cache/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.json key: cord-341132-arhpqgl6 authors: Gangemi, Sebastiano; Billeci, Lucia; Tonacci, Alessandro title: Rich at risk: socio-economic drivers of COVID-19 pandemic spread date: 2020-07-01 journal: Clin Mol Allergy DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00127-4 sha: doc_id: 341132 cord_uid: arhpqgl6 file: cache/cord-340942-oatf59k0.json key: cord-340942-oatf59k0 authors: Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de; Mendes, Renata Pessoa Germano; Silva, Caroline Targino Alves da; Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da; Guarines, Klarissa Miranda; Pena, Lindomar title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date: 2020-09-21 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101884 sha: doc_id: 340942 cord_uid: oatf59k0 file: cache/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.json key: cord-341126-i8wr8h4x authors: Hyung, Jaewon; Kim, Tae Won title: The Asian Approach to the Management of GI Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-07-09 journal: Clin Colorectal Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 341126 cord_uid: i8wr8h4x file: cache/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.json key: cord-340992-88t1c0zs authors: Nikolai, Lea A; Meyer, Christian G.; Kremsner, Peter G.; Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P. title: Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible date: 2020-09-03 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076 sha: doc_id: 340992 cord_uid: 88t1c0zs file: cache/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.json key: cord-341175-rks0l0q0 authors: Essa, Musthafa Mohamed; Hamdan, Hamdan; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Al-Balushi, Buthainah; Guillemin, Gilles J.; Ojcius, David M.; Qoronfleh, M. Walid title: Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 journal: Int J Tryptophan Res DOI: 10.1177/1178646920951832 sha: doc_id: 341175 cord_uid: rks0l0q0 file: cache/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.json key: cord-341300-fkdydf4u authors: Avendano-Sola, C.; Ramos-Martinez, A.; Munez-Rubio, E.; Ruiz-Antoran, B.; Malo de Molina, R.; Torres, F.; Fernandez-Cruz, A.; Callejas-Diaz, A.; Calderon, J.; Payares-Herrera, C.; Salcedo, I.; Romera, I.; Lora-Tamayo, J.; Mancheno-Losa, M.; Paciello, M. L.; Villegas, C.; Estrada, V.; Saez-Serrano, I.; Porras-Leal, M. L.; Jarilla-Fernandez, M. d. C.; Pano-Pardo, J. R.; Moreno-Chulilla, J. A.; Arrieta-Aldea, I.; Bosch, A.; Belhassen-Garcia, M.; Lopez-Villar, O.; Ramos-Garrido, A.; Blanco, L.; Madrigal, M. E.; Contreras, E.; Muniz-Diaz, E.; Domingo-Morera, J. M.; Casas-Flecha, I.; Perez-Olmeda, M title: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182444 sha: doc_id: 341300 cord_uid: fkdydf4u file: cache/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.json key: cord-341156-dw15n4f4 authors: Nash, Meredith; Churchill, Brendan title: Caring during COVID‐19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities date: 2020-06-02 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12484 sha: doc_id: 341156 cord_uid: dw15n4f4 file: cache/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.json key: cord-341256-2j0tqmd4 authors: An, Ying; Yang, Yuan; Wang, Aiping; Li, Yue; Zhang, Qinge; Cheung, Teris; Ungvari, Gabor S.; Qin, Ming-Zhao; An, Feng-Rong; Xiang, Yu-Tao title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047 sha: doc_id: 341256 cord_uid: 2j0tqmd4 file: cache/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.json key: cord-341288-x0wuj26f authors: Moreira, Bruno Lima; Santana, Pablo Rydz Pinheiro; Zanetti, Gláucia; Marchiori, Edson title: COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: what should be considered to indicate a computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan? date: 2020-06-01 journal: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0267-2020 sha: doc_id: 341288 cord_uid: x0wuj26f file: cache/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.json key: cord-341197-e8m4oxma authors: Soleimani, Abbas; Kazemian, Sina; Karbalai Saleh, Shahrokh; Aminorroaya, Arya; Shajari, Zahra; Hadadi, Azar; Talebpour, Mohammad; Sadeghian, Hakimeh; Payandemehr, Pooya; Sotoodehnia, Mehran; Bahreini, Maryam; Najmeddin, Farhad; Heidarzadeh, Ali; Zivari, Ensieh; Ashraf, Haleh title: Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on in-hospital outcomes of patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 journal: Am J Hypertens DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa149 sha: doc_id: 341197 cord_uid: e8m4oxma file: cache/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.json key: cord-341105-3uvbfp8c authors: Li, Dian-Jeng; Ko, Nai-Ying; Chen, Yi-Lung; Wang, Peng-Wei; Chang, Yu-Ping; Yen, Cheng-Fang; Lu, Wei-Hsin title: COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124479 sha: doc_id: 341105 cord_uid: 3uvbfp8c file: cache/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.json key: cord-341085-2stfkwp3 authors: Haseli, Sara; Khalili, Nastaran; Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad; Sanei Taheri, Morteza; Moharramzad, Yashar title: Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study date: 2020-04-18 journal: Arch Acad Emerg Med DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 341085 cord_uid: 2stfkwp3 file: cache/cord-341309-li3slzw6.json key: cord-341309-li3slzw6 authors: McGough, S. F.; Gan, R. W.; Tibshirani, R.; Meyer, A.-M. title: Modeling COVID19 mortality in the US: Community context and mobility matter date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134122 sha: doc_id: 341309 cord_uid: li3slzw6 file: cache/cord-341259-1768lp0a.json key: cord-341259-1768lp0a authors: Lazarus, G.; Audrey, J.; Wangsaputra, V. K.; Tamara, A.; Tahapary, D. L. title: High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis date: 2020-09-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20200774 sha: doc_id: 341259 cord_uid: 1768lp0a file: cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.json key: cord-341187-jqesw4e8 authors: Yu, Xinhua title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date: 2020-08-27 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858 sha: doc_id: 341187 cord_uid: jqesw4e8 file: cache/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.json key: cord-341220-b2u8gswb authors: Ben-Ezra, Menachem; Cary, Neil; Goodwin, Robin title: The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Psychiatr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.012 sha: doc_id: 341220 cord_uid: b2u8gswb file: cache/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.json key: cord-341359-c34gyuv6 authors: Larson, Derek T; Sherner, John H; Gallagher, Kia M; Judy, Cynthia L; Paul, Madison B; Mahoney, Alexandra M; Weina, Peter J title: Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Evidence-based Supportive Care date: 2020-05-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa678 sha: doc_id: 341359 cord_uid: c34gyuv6 file: cache/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.json key: cord-341381-jzjhhn23 authors: Davis, M.; Gilbar, O.; Padilla-Medina, D. title: Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report date: 2020-06-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125914 sha: doc_id: 341381 cord_uid: jzjhhn23 file: cache/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.json key: cord-341389-1o0ey67l authors: Tay, Kiang Hiong; Ooi, Chin Chin; Mahmood, Muhammad Illyyas Bin; Aw, Lian Ping; Chan, Lai Peng; Ng, David Chee Eng; Tan, Bien Soo title: Reconfiguring the radiology leadership team for crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-08-11 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07116-w sha: doc_id: 341389 cord_uid: 1o0ey67l file: cache/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.json key: cord-341397-gl8xzzdv authors: Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V.; Huang, Elbert S.; Verhoef, Philip A.; Churpek, Matthew M. title: Novel Temperature Trajectory Subphenotypes in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.027 sha: doc_id: 341397 cord_uid: gl8xzzdv file: cache/cord-341323-mw352rr1.json key: cord-341323-mw352rr1 authors: Logie, Carmen H title: Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID‐19 stigma date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Int AIDS Soc DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25504 sha: doc_id: 341323 cord_uid: mw352rr1 file: cache/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.json key: cord-341202-1pg7rq2d authors: Manicone, Francesca; Landi, Rossella; Martinino, Alessandro title: The last bed dilemma burns out COVID-19 triage: a viewpoint from Medical and Law students date: 2020-08-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2020.08.004 sha: doc_id: 341202 cord_uid: 1pg7rq2d file: cache/cord-341314-1mav631s.json key: cord-341314-1mav631s authors: Caso, Valeria; Federico, Antonio title: No lockdown for neurological diseases during COVID19 pandemic infection date: 2020-04-08 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04389-3 sha: doc_id: 341314 cord_uid: 1mav631s file: cache/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.json key: cord-341479-lj0brkbx authors: Caviglia, Marta; Buson, Riccardo; Pini, Sara; Jambai, Amara; Vandy, Matthew Jusu; Venturini, Francesco; Rosi, Paolo; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Della Corte, Francesco; Ragazzoni, Luca; Putoto, Giovanni title: The National Emergency Medical Service Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone date: 2020-09-22 journal: Prehospital and disaster medicine DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20001211 sha: doc_id: 341479 cord_uid: lj0brkbx file: cache/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.json key: cord-341475-v6ue6hhf authors: Rahimi, Farid; Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin title: Criticality of physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-08-09 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13656 sha: doc_id: 341475 cord_uid: v6ue6hhf file: cache/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.json key: cord-341574-6pmd04m9 authors: Weissman, Ruth S.; Klump, Kelly L.; Wade, Tracey; Thomas, Jennifer J.; Frank, Guido; Waller, Glenn title: IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 journal: Int J Eat Disord DOI: 10.1002/eat.23293 sha: doc_id: 341574 cord_uid: 6pmd04m9 file: cache/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.json key: cord-341420-bfzto2lz authors: Mohamed, Chekkal; Tahra, Deba; Soraya, Hadjali; Hassiba, Lamara; Hanifa, Oulaa; Karima, Zouai; Ghania, Hariti title: Prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability: recommendations of the Algerian society of transfusion and hemobiology date: 2020-10-03 journal: Transfus Clin Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 341420 cord_uid: bfzto2lz file: cache/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.json key: cord-341304-jdvzpvdx authors: Pata, Rama Kanth; Ahmady, Abolfazl; Kiani, Roudabeh title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Dark Cloud With Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9302 sha: doc_id: 341304 cord_uid: jdvzpvdx file: cache/cord-341480-thia28sh.json key: cord-341480-thia28sh authors: Aminlari, Amir; Quenzer, Faith; Hayden, Stephen; Stone, Jennifer; Murchison, Charles; Campbell, Colleen title: A Case of COVID-19 Diagnosed At Home with Portable Ultrasound and Confirmed with Home Serology Test date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 341480 cord_uid: thia28sh file: cache/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.json key: cord-341503-3cvtoc2j authors: Jaiswal, J.; 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C. title: Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism date: 2020-05-21 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02925-y sha: doc_id: 341503 cord_uid: 3cvtoc2j file: cache/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.json key: cord-341620-nmrkhx5t authors: Chirico, Francesco; Sacco, Angelo; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Magnavita, Nicola title: Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-20 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176052 sha: doc_id: 341620 cord_uid: nmrkhx5t file: cache/cord-341512-nhdx944g.json key: cord-341512-nhdx944g authors: Tanno, Luciana Kase; Casale, Thomas; Demoly, Pascal title: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID)-19: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINITIONS AND CODING TO SUPPORT THE ALLERGY COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 341512 cord_uid: nhdx944g file: cache/cord-341435-b36h69r1.json key: cord-341435-b36h69r1 authors: Dawson, Patrick; Rabold, Elizabeth M; Laws, Rebecca L; Conners, Erin E; Gharpure, Radhika; Yin, Sherry; Buono, Sean A; Dasu, Trivikram; Bhattacharyya, Sanjib; Westergaard, Ryan P; Pray, Ian W; Ye, Dongni; Nabity, Scott A; Tate, Jacqueline E; Kirking, Hannah L title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa799 sha: doc_id: 341435 cord_uid: b36h69r1 file: cache/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.json key: cord-341387-ovwiqmmj authors: Marone, Enrico M.; Bonalumi, Giovanni; Curci, Ruggiero; Arzini, Aldo; Chierico, Simona; Marazzi, Giulia; Diaco, Domenico A.; Rossini, Rosa; Boschini, Stefano; Rinaldi, Luigi F. title: Characteristics of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter experience from Northern Italy. date: 2020-07-14 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 341387 cord_uid: ovwiqmmj file: cache/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.json key: cord-341529-dmiy0l9c authors: Siniscalchi, Antonio; Gallelli, Luca title: Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke? date: 2020-04-20 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.146 sha: doc_id: 341529 cord_uid: dmiy0l9c file: cache/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.json key: cord-341543-gcnph9gf authors: Kuryntseva, P.; Karamova, K.; Fomin, V.; Selivanovskaya, S.; Galitskaya, P. title: A simplified approach to monitoring the COVID-19 epidemiologic situation using waste water analysis and its application in Russia date: 2020-09-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20197244 sha: doc_id: 341543 cord_uid: gcnph9gf file: cache/cord-341527-03rh966o.json key: cord-341527-03rh966o authors: Stockton, John; Kyle-Sidell, Cameron title: Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.066 sha: doc_id: 341527 cord_uid: 03rh966o file: cache/cord-341644-egbahelm.json key: cord-341644-egbahelm authors: Benmarhnia, Tarik title: Linkages Between Air Pollution and the Health Burden from COVID-19: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities date: 2020-07-17 journal: Am J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa148 sha: doc_id: 341644 cord_uid: egbahelm file: cache/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.json key: cord-341575-8hv8rx6h authors: Dhar, S. K.; K, V.; Damodar, S.; Gujar, S.; Das, M. title: IL-6 and IL-10 as predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 patients: Results from Meta-analysis and Regression date: 2020-08-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.15.20175844 sha: doc_id: 341575 cord_uid: 8hv8rx6h file: cache/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.json key: cord-341580-ymzlhsai authors: Almskog, L.; Wikman, A.; Svensson, J.; Wanecek, M.; Bottai, M.; van der Linden, J.; Agren, A. title: Rotational Thromboelastometry predicts care level in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128710 sha: doc_id: 341580 cord_uid: ymzlhsai file: cache/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.json key: cord-341627-21m8rdhy authors: Buda, Natalia; Segura-Grau, Elena; Cylwik, Jolanta; Wełnicki, Marcin title: Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection - A case series and review of the literature date: 2020-06-25 journal: Adv Med Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 341627 cord_uid: 21m8rdhy file: cache/cord-341661-sokoghh1.json key: cord-341661-sokoghh1 authors: Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel; Jouhar, Rizwan; Ahmed, Naseer; Adnan, Samira; Aftab, Marziya; Zafar, Muhammad Sohail; Khurshid, Zohaib title: Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-19 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082821 sha: doc_id: 341661 cord_uid: sokoghh1 file: cache/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.json key: cord-341745-2txzi7kb authors: Singh, S.; Moore, T. J. title: Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106906 sha: doc_id: 341745 cord_uid: 2txzi7kb file: cache/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.json key: cord-341804-rnj3wtg4 authors: Jin, Zhe; Liu, Jing-Yi; Feng, Rang; Ji, Lu; Jin, Zi-Li; Li, Hai-Bo title: Drug treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. date: 2020-06-27 journal: Eur J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173326 sha: doc_id: 341804 cord_uid: rnj3wtg4 file: cache/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.json key: cord-341837-jmbbgfsz authors: Patel, Pratit; Khandelwal, Priyank; Gupta, Gaurav; Singla, Amit title: “COVID-19 and cervical artery dissection- A causative association?” date: 2020-06-13 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105047 sha: doc_id: 341837 cord_uid: jmbbgfsz file: cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.json key: cord-341650-f8orw6ro authors: Li, Hailan; Liu, Huaping title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 341650 cord_uid: f8orw6ro file: cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.json key: cord-341684-buj8u63b authors: Corbet, Shaen; (Greg) Hou, Yang; Hu, Yang; Larkin, Charles; Oxley, Les title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 journal: Econ Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109377 sha: doc_id: 341684 cord_uid: buj8u63b file: cache/cord-341577-txadxh13.json key: cord-341577-txadxh13 authors: Santos García, D.; Oreiro, M.; Pérez, P.; Fanjul, G.; Paz González, J.M.; Feal Painceiras, M.; Cores Bartolomé, C.; Valdés Aymerich, L.; García Sancho, C.; Castellanos Rodrigo, M. title: Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson´s Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients date: 2020-08-10 journal: Mov Disord DOI: 10.1002/mds.28261 sha: doc_id: 341577 cord_uid: txadxh13 file: cache/cord-341624-02bmonj6.json key: cord-341624-02bmonj6 authors: Liem, Andrian; Sit, Hao Fong; Arjadi, Retha; Patel, Anushka R.; Elhai, Jon D.; Hall, Brian J. title: Ethical standards for telemental health must be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102218 sha: doc_id: 341624 cord_uid: 02bmonj6 file: cache/cord-341814-poqni6ma.json key: cord-341814-poqni6ma authors: Malin, Jakob J.; Spinner, Christoph D. title: DGI recommendations for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy date: 2020-10-19 journal: Infection DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01519-z sha: doc_id: 341814 cord_uid: poqni6ma file: cache/cord-341806-7hatbzra.json key: cord-341806-7hatbzra authors: Bone, Anna E; Finucane, Anne M; Leniz, Javiera; Higginson, Irene J; Sleeman, Katherine E title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-07-24 journal: Palliat Med DOI: 10.1177/0269216320944810 sha: doc_id: 341806 cord_uid: 7hatbzra file: cache/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.json key: cord-341818-mm3d4jkh authors: Ying, Mingliang; Lu, Bin; Pan, Jiangfeng; Lu, Guanghong; Zhou, Shaobin; Wang, Dingjun; Li, Lu; Shen, Junkang; Shu, Jiner title: COVID-19 with acute cholecystitis: a case report date: 2020-06-22 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05164-7 sha: doc_id: 341818 cord_uid: mm3d4jkh file: cache/cord-341868-btalafo6.json key: cord-341868-btalafo6 authors: Carlet, Jean; Payen, Didier; Opal, Steven M title: Steroids for sepsis and ARDS: this eternal controversy remains with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32132-2 sha: doc_id: 341868 cord_uid: btalafo6 file: cache/cord-341674-q8p187qx.json key: cord-341674-q8p187qx authors: Qiu, Jianyin; Shen, Bin; Zhao, Min; Wang, Zhen; Xie, Bin; Xu, Yifeng title: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations date: 2020-03-06 journal: Gen Psychiatr DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 sha: doc_id: 341674 cord_uid: q8p187qx file: cache/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.json key: cord-341783-e7xz4utr authors: Vistisen, Simon T.; Bodilsen, Jacob; Scheeren, Thomas W.L.; Simonsen, Ulf title: Risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors date: 2020-07-06 journal: Eur J Anaesthesiol DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001277 sha: doc_id: 341783 cord_uid: e7xz4utr file: cache/cord-341833-wf72fra8.json key: cord-341833-wf72fra8 authors: Liu, Guoqiang; Hong, Tianpei; Yang, Jin title: A Single Large Dose of Vitamin D Could be Used as a Means of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Treatment date: 2020-08-21 journal: Drug Des Devel Ther DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s271754 sha: doc_id: 341833 cord_uid: wf72fra8 file: cache/cord-341880-wxliz485.json key: cord-341880-wxliz485 authors: Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul; Mainuddin, Mohammed; Sonobe, Tetsushi title: COVID-19 induced economic loss and ensuring food security for vulnerable groups: Policy implications from Bangladesh date: 2020-10-16 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240709 sha: doc_id: 341880 cord_uid: wxliz485 file: cache/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.json key: cord-341976-yts6pzn3 authors: Liu, Xintian; Zheng, Xuan; Liu, Bo; Wu, Mingxiang; Zhang, Zhenlu; Zhang, Gangcheng; Su, Xi title: Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-06 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103417 sha: doc_id: 341976 cord_uid: yts6pzn3 file: cache/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.json key: cord-341987-lsvifqyo authors: Kalyanasundaram, Sridhar; Krishnamurthy, Kandamaran; Sridhar, Aparna; Narayanan, Vidya Kanamkote; Rajendra Santosh, Arvind Babu; Rahman, Sayeeda title: Novel Corona Virus Pandemic and Neonatal Care: It’s Too Early to Speculate on Impact! date: 2020-08-03 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00440-8 sha: doc_id: 341987 cord_uid: lsvifqyo file: cache/cord-341919-8gnthufw.json key: cord-341919-8gnthufw authors: Basi, Saajan; Hamdan, Mohammad; Punekar, Shuja title: Clinical course of a 66-year-old man with an acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of a COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-23 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235920 sha: doc_id: 341919 cord_uid: 8gnthufw file: cache/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.json key: cord-342059-y3zlyy1z authors: von der Thüsen, Jan H.; van Bommel, Jasper; Kros, Johan M.; Verdijk, Robert M.; Lopuhaä, Boaz; Lam, King H.; Dik, Willem A.; Miedema, Jelle R. title: Case report: a fatal combination of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with extensive pulmonary microvascular damage in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Hematop DOI: 10.1007/s12308-020-00423-7 sha: doc_id: 342059 cord_uid: y3zlyy1z file: cache/cord-341982-0i1w137u.json key: cord-341982-0i1w137u authors: Barral, Matthias; Sirol, Marc; El Hajjam, Mostafa; Zhang, Norbert; Petit, Arthur; Cornelis, François H. title: Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes date: 2020-08-26 journal: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02621-3 sha: doc_id: 341982 cord_uid: 0i1w137u file: cache/cord-342143-un14oynk.json key: cord-342143-un14oynk authors: Fernández-Díaz, Eva; Gracia-Gil, Julia; García-García, Jose Gregorio; Palao, María; Romero-Sánchez, Carlos M; Segura, Tomás title: COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: A description of two cases on alemtuzumab date: 2020-07-17 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102402 sha: doc_id: 342143 cord_uid: un14oynk file: cache/cord-341948-9w8od50e.json key: cord-341948-9w8od50e authors: Scott, Michael; Helmy, Ahmed Hazem title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237169 sha: doc_id: 341948 cord_uid: 9w8od50e file: cache/cord-342129-74yqqocc.json key: cord-342129-74yqqocc authors: Najafi, Farid; Izadi, Neda; Hashemi-Nazari, Seyed-Saeed; Khosravi-Shadmani, Fatemeh; Nikbakht, Roya; Shakiba, Ebrahim title: Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran date: 2020-06-14 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100715 sha: doc_id: 342129 cord_uid: 74yqqocc file: cache/cord-342108-5xd68rie.json key: cord-342108-5xd68rie authors: Warne, D. J.; Ebert, A.; Drovandi, C.; Mira, A.; Mengersen, K. title: Hindsight is 2020 vision: Characterisation of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20085662 sha: doc_id: 342108 cord_uid: 5xd68rie file: cache/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.json key: cord-342216-xus2ckrc authors: Sánchez-Duque, Jorge A.; Arce-Villalobos, Laura R.; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta date: 2020-04-17 journal: Aten Primaria DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.04.001 sha: doc_id: 342216 cord_uid: xus2ckrc file: cache/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.json key: cord-342206-mitfgsdo authors: Asif, Talal; Ali, Zafar title: Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram date: 2020-04-23 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001672 sha: doc_id: 342206 cord_uid: mitfgsdo file: cache/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.json key: cord-342041-x0bwjl54 authors: Vivien, Benoît title: Adaptation de la Régulation Médicale du SAMU face à la pandémie du COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pxur.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 342041 cord_uid: x0bwjl54 file: cache/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.json key: cord-342121-ff4fpsq8 authors: Miller, Eric D. title: Loneliness in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02219 sha: doc_id: 342121 cord_uid: ff4fpsq8 file: cache/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.json key: cord-342241-76mtn1m7 authors: Lenti, Marco Vincenzo; Corazza, Gino Roberto; Di Sabatino, Antonio title: Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy date: 2020-05-04 journal: J Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/joim.13079 sha: doc_id: 342241 cord_uid: 76mtn1m7 file: cache/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.json key: cord-342204-9tgxijvn authors: Nuzzo, Domenico; Picone, Pasquale title: Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-03 journal: Neurosci Res DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 342204 cord_uid: 9tgxijvn file: cache/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.json key: cord-342139-t2tukk0z authors: Livingston, Gill; Rostamipour, Hossein; Gallagher, Paul; Kalafatis, Chris; Shastri, Abhishek; Huzzey, Lauren; Liu, Kathy; Sommerlad, Andrew; Marston, Louise title: Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study date: 2020-10-05 journal: Lancet Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30434-x sha: doc_id: 342139 cord_uid: t2tukk0z file: cache/cord-342185-2umby2l8.json key: cord-342185-2umby2l8 authors: Cai, Qi; Feng, Hongliang; Huang, Jing; Wang, Meiyao; Wang, Qunfeng; Lu, Xuanzhen; Xie, Yu; Wang, Xing; Liu, Zhenxing; Hou, Botong; Ouyang, Keni; Pan, Jing; Li, Qin; Fu, Beibei; Deng, Yongchao; Liu, Yumin title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Affect Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031 sha: doc_id: 342185 cord_uid: 2umby2l8 file: cache/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.json key: cord-342246-tnjtd9n3 authors: Özçelik Korkmaz, Müge; Eğilmez, Oğuz Kadir; Özçelik, Muhammet Ali; Güven, Mehmet title: Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-03 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06396-8 sha: doc_id: 342246 cord_uid: tnjtd9n3 file: cache/cord-342231-862kffnb.json key: cord-342231-862kffnb authors: Carneiro, Thiago; Dashkoff, Jonathan; Leung, Lester Y.; Nobleza, Christa O'Hana S.; Marulanda-Londono, Erika; Hathidara, Mausaminben; Koch, Sebastian; Sur, Nicole; Boske, Alexandra; Voetsch, Barbara; Nour, Hassan Aboul; Miller, Daniel J; Daneshmand, Ali; Shulman, Julie; Curiale, Gioacchino; Greer, David M.; Romero, Jose Rafael; Anand, Pria; Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M. title: Intravenous tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105201 sha: doc_id: 342231 cord_uid: 862kffnb file: cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.json key: cord-342360-d7qc20i4 authors: Mohamad, Siti Mazidah title: Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media date: 2020-06-03 journal: Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12430 sha: doc_id: 342360 cord_uid: d7qc20i4 file: cache/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.json key: cord-342013-k54u2q0d authors: Martenot, Antoine; Labbassi, Imad; Delfils-Stern, Amélie; Monroy, Oscar; Langlet, Claire; Pichault-Klein, Valérie; Delagreverie, Héloise; De Marcillac, Fanny; Fafi-Kremer, Samira; Deruelle, Philippe; Kuhn, Pierre title: Favorable outcomes among neonates not separated from their symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers date: 2020-11-03 journal: Pediatr Res DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01226-3 sha: doc_id: 342013 cord_uid: k54u2q0d file: cache/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.json key: cord-342156-4c8rzo62 authors: Hung, Orlando; Lehmann, Christian; Coonan, Thomas; Murphy, Michael; Stewart, Ronald title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #2) date: 2020-08-10 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01785-3 sha: doc_id: 342156 cord_uid: 4c8rzo62 file: cache/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.json key: cord-342340-q6j7vy8u authors: Jefferies, Sarah; French, Nigel; Gilkison, Charlotte; Graham, Giles; Hope, Virginia; Marshall, Jonathan; McElnay, Caroline; McNeill, Andrea; Muellner, Petra; Paine, Shevaun; Prasad, Namrata; Scott, Julia; Sherwood, Jillian; Yang, Liang; Priest, Patricia title: COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of the national response: a descriptive epidemiological study date: 2020-10-14 journal: Lancet Public Health DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30225-5 sha: doc_id: 342340 cord_uid: q6j7vy8u file: cache/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.json key: cord-342523-52t7dh4n authors: Dibner, Julia J. title: Direct COVID-19 Infection of Enterocytes: The Role of Hypochlorhydria date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 342523 cord_uid: 52t7dh4n file: cache/cord-342467-3se4s217.json key: cord-342467-3se4s217 authors: Parikh, Keval D.; Ramaiya, Nikhil H.; Kikano, Elias G.; Tirumani, Sree Harsha; Pierce, Jonathan; Butcher, Carl; Sunshine, Jeffrey L.; Plecha, Donna M. title: Quantifying the decrease in emergency department imaging utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic at a multicenter healthcare system in Ohio date: 2020-09-01 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01848-4 sha: doc_id: 342467 cord_uid: 3se4s217 file: cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.json key: cord-342096-pijvvo2i authors: Peivandi, S.; Razavi, A.; Shafiei, S.; Zamaniyan,; M., Orafaie; A., Jafarpour; H., title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 sha: doc_id: 342096 cord_uid: pijvvo2i file: cache/cord-342566-ym81lce9.json key: cord-342566-ym81lce9 authors: barasa, s. title: The major predictors of testing positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic hospitalized patients date: 2020-09-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192963 sha: doc_id: 342566 cord_uid: ym81lce9 file: cache/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.json key: cord-342589-n63yw2qy authors: Guha, Santanu; Mukhopadhay, Somnath; Karak, Avik; Choudhury, Basabendra; Kapoor, Aditya; Yadav, Rakesh title: Managing ACS during COVID-19 infection: do not follow the traditional route date: 2020-04-15 journal: Indian Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.003 sha: doc_id: 342589 cord_uid: n63yw2qy file: cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.json key: cord-342303-ddulfe06 authors: Ismael, Julia; Losco, Federico; Quildrian, Sergio; Sanchez, Pablo; Pincemin, Isabel; Lastiri, Jose; Bella, Santiago; Chinellato, Alejandro; Dellamea, Guillermo; Ahualli, Alejandro; Rompato, Silvana; Velez, Julio; Escobar, Rafael; Zwenger, Ariel; Rosales, Cristina; Bagnes, Claudia; Puyol, Jorge; Niewiadomski, Dario; Smecuol, Edgardo; Nachman, Fabio; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Ferraris, Gustavo; Suppicich, Juan Ramos; Price, Paola; Medina, Luis; O’Connor, Juan title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 journal: Ecancermedicalscience DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 sha: doc_id: 342303 cord_uid: ddulfe06 file: cache/cord-342324-it6zcyht.json key: cord-342324-it6zcyht authors: Dhaliwal, Ruban; Bhadada, Sanjay K; Rao, Sudhaker D title: Letter to the Editor: “Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists” date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa254 sha: doc_id: 342324 cord_uid: it6zcyht file: cache/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.json key: cord-342361-eu3rry7p authors: Lu, Jiatao; Hu, Shufang; Fan, Rong; Liu, Zhihong; Yin, Xueru; Wang, Qiongya; Lv, Qingquan; Cai, Zhifang; Li, Haijun; Hu, Yuhai; Han, Ying; Hu, Hongping; Gao, Wenyong; Feng, Shibo; Liu, Qiongfang; Li, Hui; Sun, Jian; Peng, Jie; Yi, Xuefeng; Zhou, Zixiao; Guo, Yabing; Hou, Jinlin title: ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.20.20025510 sha: doc_id: 342361 cord_uid: eu3rry7p file: cache/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.json key: cord-342386-t5b8wpe2 authors: Falcone, Rino; Colì, Elisa; Felletti, Silvia; Sapienza, Alessandro; Castelfranchi, Cristiano; Paglieri, Fabio title: All We Need Is Trust: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Reconfigured Trust in Italian Public Institutions date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561747 sha: doc_id: 342386 cord_uid: t5b8wpe2 file: cache/cord-342294-x18xmrji.json key: cord-342294-x18xmrji authors: Yan, Nao; Wang, Wei; Gao, Yongzhe; Zhou, Junhui; Ye, Jiuhong; Xu, Zhipeng; Cao, Jing; Zhang, Junjian title: Medium Term Follow-Up of 337 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00373 sha: doc_id: 342294 cord_uid: x18xmrji file: cache/cord-342225-lcaemapt.json key: cord-342225-lcaemapt authors: Wang, Chuanbin; Shi, Bin; Wei, Chao; Ding, Huaming; GU, Jinfeng; Dong, Jiangning title: Initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-23 journal: Radiol Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 342225 cord_uid: lcaemapt file: cache/cord-342498-f93jma3d.json key: cord-342498-f93jma3d authors: Srivastava, A.; Tamrakar, V.; Moradhvaj, M.; Akhtar, S. 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C.; C, N.; Saikia, N. title: Geographical Variation in COVID-19 Cases, Prevalence, Recovery and Fatality Rate by Phase of National Lockdown in India, March 14-May 29, 2020 date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122028 sha: doc_id: 342498 cord_uid: f93jma3d file: cache/cord-342569-ja96xfns.json key: cord-342569-ja96xfns authors: Azer, Samy A. title: COVID-19: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and Investigational therapeutics date: 2020-08-05 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100738 sha: doc_id: 342569 cord_uid: ja96xfns file: cache/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.json key: cord-342555-5r9aa7u5 authors: Eghtesadi, Marzieh title: Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID‐19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long‐Term Care Facilities date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16478 sha: doc_id: 342555 cord_uid: 5r9aa7u5 file: cache/cord-342459-aroutcgh.json key: cord-342459-aroutcgh authors: Feldman, Hope A.; Antonoff, Mara B. title: Commentary: Remote Learning Creates More Room at the Table date: 2020-08-06 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 342459 cord_uid: aroutcgh file: cache/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.json key: cord-342517-bzmhjvr5 authors: Rassouli, Maryam; Ashrafizadeh, Hadis; Shirinabadi Farahani, Azam; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil title: COVID-19 Management in Iran as One of the Most Affected Countries in the World: Advantages and Weaknesses date: 2020-09-15 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00510 sha: doc_id: 342517 cord_uid: bzmhjvr5 file: cache/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.json key: cord-342577-sxl4ac0s authors: Li, Yuchen; Zeng, Yu; Liu, Guangdi; Lu, Donghao; Yang, Huazhen; Ying, Zhiye; Hu, Yao; Qiu, Jianqing; Zhang, Chao; Fall, Katja; Fang, Fang; Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A.; Zhang, Wei; Song, Huan title: Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study date: 2020-09-25 journal: Psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000375x sha: doc_id: 342577 cord_uid: sxl4ac0s file: cache/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.json key: cord-342418-57cu4oeu authors: Mol, B. W.; Karnon, J. title: Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis date: 2020-09-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20194605 sha: doc_id: 342418 cord_uid: 57cu4oeu file: cache/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.json key: cord-342580-re7yqm1c authors: Abdou, Hossam; Tolaymat, Besher; Jinwala, Felecia; Nagarsheth, Khanjan H. title: A Cautionary Tale of an Emergency Cerebrovascular Procedure in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-02 journal: J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.08.023 sha: doc_id: 342580 cord_uid: re7yqm1c file: cache/cord-342616-k65501xp.json key: cord-342616-k65501xp authors: Feng, Zhichao; Li, Jennifer; Yao, Shanhu; Yu, Qizhi; Zhou, Wenming; Mao, Xiaowen; Li, Huiling; Kang, Wendi; Ouyang, Xin; Mei, Ji; Zeng, Qiuhua; Liu, Jincai; Ma, Xiaoqian; Rong, Pengfei; Wang, Wei title: The Use of Adjuvant Therapy in Preventing Progression to Severe Pneumonia in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Data Analysis date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539 sha: doc_id: 342616 cord_uid: k65501xp file: cache/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.json key: cord-342603-k0f33p3l authors: Spyropoulos, Alex C.; Levy, Jerrold H.; Ageno, Walter; Connors, Jean Marie; Hunt, Beverley J; Iba, Toshiaki; Levi, Marcel; Samama, Charles Marc; Thachil, Jecko; Giannis, Dimitrios; Douketis, James D. title: Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1111/jth.14929 sha: doc_id: 342603 cord_uid: k0f33p3l file: cache/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.json key: cord-342338-nxfg9yfq authors: Montero, A.; Arenas, M.; Algara, M. title: Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-25 journal: Clin Transl Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02401-y sha: doc_id: 342338 cord_uid: nxfg9yfq file: cache/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.json key: cord-342362-j7vuoer6 authors: Gegúndez-Fernández, José A; Zarranz-Ventura, Javier; Garay-Aramburu, Gonzaga; Muñoz-Negrete, Francisco J; Barrio, Javier Mendicute del; Pablo-Júlvez, Luis; García-Delpech, Salvador; López-Alemany, Antonio; Arnalich-Montiel, Francisco; Cordero-Coma, Miguel; Cárceles, Juan Antonio title: Recomendaciones para la atención oftalmológica durante el estado de alarma por la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-04-25 journal: Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 342362 cord_uid: j7vuoer6 file: cache/cord-342599-558yn6pu.json key: cord-342599-558yn6pu authors: Rinchai, Darawan; Kabeer, Basirudeen; Toufiq, Mohammed; Calderone, Zohreh; Deola, Sara; Brummaier, Tobias; Garand, Mathieu; Branco, Ricardo; Baldwin, Nicole; Alfaki, Mohamed; Altman, Matthew; Ballestrero, Alberto; Bassetti, Matteo; Zoppoli, Gabriele; De Maria, Andrea; Tang, Benjamin; Bedognetti, Davide; Chaussabel, Damien title: A modular framework for the development of targeted Covid-19 blood transcript profiling panels date: 2020-05-22 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.107243 sha: doc_id: 342599 cord_uid: 558yn6pu file: cache/cord-342625-31fe1neb.json key: cord-342625-31fe1neb authors: Baba, Hiroaki; Kanamori, Hajime; Oshima, Kengo; Seike, Issei; Niitsuma-Sugaya, Ikumi; Takei, Kentaro; Sato, Yukio; Tokuda, Koichi; Aoyagi, Tetsuji title: Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod treated with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Infect Chemother DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.022 sha: doc_id: 342625 cord_uid: 31fe1neb file: cache/cord-342631-ryibszjm.json key: cord-342631-ryibszjm authors: Shoer, S.; Karady, T.; Keshet, A.; Shilo, S.; Rossman, H.; Gavrieli, A.; Meir, T.; Lavon, A.; Kolobkov, D.; Kalka, I.; Godneva, A.; Cohen, O.; Kariv, A.; Hoch, O.; Zer-Aviv, M.; Castel, N.; Ekka Zohar, A.; Irony, A.; Geiger, B.; Hizi, D.; Shalev, V.; Balicer, R.; Segal, E. title: Who should we test for COVID-19?A triage model built from national symptom surveys date: 2020-05-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105569 sha: doc_id: 342631 cord_uid: ryibszjm file: cache/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.json key: cord-342703-vbq1o25l authors: Huang, J. title: Comparing biomarkers for COVID-19 disease with commonly associated preexisting conditions and complications. date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20205609 sha: doc_id: 342703 cord_uid: vbq1o25l file: cache/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.json key: cord-342636-mmlnm3mz authors: Situngkir, H. title: The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162511 sha: doc_id: 342636 cord_uid: mmlnm3mz file: cache/cord-342734-37xduboo.json key: cord-342734-37xduboo authors: Thomé, Beatriz C.; Matta, Gustavo C.; Rego, Sérgio T. A. title: Ethical Considerations for Restrictive and Physical Distancing Measures in Brazil During COVID-19: Facilitators and Barriers date: 2020-11-09 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10023-w sha: doc_id: 342734 cord_uid: 37xduboo file: cache/cord-342708-yimysnvx.json key: cord-342708-yimysnvx authors: Patel, Neeral R.; El-Karim, Ghassan Awad; Mujoomdar, Amol; Mafeld, Sebastian; Jaberi, Arash; Kachura, John R.; Tan, Kong Teng; Oreopoulos, George D. title: Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective date: 2020-08-30 journal: Can Assoc Radiol J DOI: 10.1177/0846537120951960 sha: doc_id: 342708 cord_uid: yimysnvx file: cache/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.json key: cord-342771-0p5x5ihh authors: Huang, Qianwen; Wu, Xiumei; Zheng, Xueying; Luo, Sihui; Xu, Suowen; Weng, Jianping title: Targeting inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105051 sha: doc_id: 342771 cord_uid: 0p5x5ihh file: cache/cord-342716-h0d47023.json key: cord-342716-h0d47023 authors: Park, Hojeong; Kim, Songhee H. title: A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model date: 2020-07-13 journal: Environ Resour Econ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00439-8 sha: doc_id: 342716 cord_uid: h0d47023 file: cache/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.json key: cord-342746-2hbcbvt6 authors: Lane, J. C. E.; Weaver, J.; Kostka, K.; Duarte-Salles, T.; Abrahao, M. T. F.; Alghoul, H.; Alser, O.; Alshammari, T. M.; Biedermann, P.; Burn, E.; Casajust, P.; Conover, M.; Culhane, A. C.; Davydov, A.; DuVall, S. L.; Dymshyts, D.; Fernandez Bertolin, S.; Fister, K.; Hardin, J.; Hester, L.; Hripcsak, G.; Kent, S.; Khosla, S.; Kolovos, S.; Lambert, C. G.; ver der Lei, J.; Londhe, A. A.; Lynch, K. E.; Makadia, R.; Margulis, A. V.; Matheny, M. E.; Mehta, P.; Morales, D. R.; Morgan-Stewart, H.; Mosseveld, M.; Newby, D.; Nyberg, F.; Ostropolets, A.; Park, R. W.; Prats-Uribe, A.; Rao, G. A.; Reich, title: Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 sha: doc_id: 342746 cord_uid: 2hbcbvt6 file: cache/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.json key: cord-342767-n9ux7gqm authors: Head, Michael G title: A real-time policy dashboard can aid global transparency in the response to coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Int Health DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa039 sha: doc_id: 342767 cord_uid: n9ux7gqm file: cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.json key: cord-342810-41dghl0c authors: Nguyen, Thanh N.; Jadhav, Ashutosh P.; Dasenbrock, Hormuzdiyar H.; Nogueira, Raul G.; Abdalkader, Mohamad; Ma, Alice; Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M.; Greer, David M.; Daneshmand, Ali; Yavagal, Dileep R.; Jovin, Tudor G.; Zaidat, Osama O.; Chou, Sherry Hsiang-Yi title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 sha: doc_id: 342810 cord_uid: 41dghl0c file: cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.json key: cord-342822-d7jx06mh authors: Izadi, N.; Taherpour, N.; Mokhayeri, Y.; Sotoodeh Ghorbani, S.; Rahmani, K.; Hashemi Nazari, S. S. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088385 sha: doc_id: 342822 cord_uid: d7jx06mh file: cache/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.json key: cord-342873-eu7f0zjm authors: Yeleswaram, Swamy; Smith, Paul; Burn, Timothy; Covington, Maryanne; Juvekar, Ashish; Li, Yanlong; Squier, Peg; Langmuir, Peter title: Inhibition of cytokine signaling by ruxolitinib and implications for COVID-19 treatment date: 2020-06-23 journal: Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108517 sha: doc_id: 342873 cord_uid: eu7f0zjm file: cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.json key: cord-342841-b1rucgmg authors: Di Carlo, Francesco; Sociali, Antonella; Picutti, Elena; Pettorruso, Mauro; Vellante, Federica; Verrastro, Valeria; Martinotti, Giovanni; di Giannantonio, Massimo title: Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date: 2020-09-18 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13716 sha: doc_id: 342841 cord_uid: b1rucgmg file: cache/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.json key: cord-342786-dl8vjwfn authors: Sattar, Yasar; Ullah, Waqas; Rauf, Hiba; ul Hassan Virk, Hafeez; Yadav, Sunita; Chowdhury, Medhat; Connerney, Michael; Mamtani, Sahil; Pahuja, Mohit; Patel, Raj D.; Mir, Tanveer; Almas, Talal; Moussa Pacha, Homam; Chadi Alraies, M title: COVID-19 Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Cellular Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Management date: 2020-07-14 journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100589 sha: doc_id: 342786 cord_uid: dl8vjwfn file: cache/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.json key: cord-342902-y1v8wzxq authors: Yuan, Shuofeng; Yin, Xin; Meng, XiangZhi; Chan, Jasper; Ye, Zi-Wei; Riva, Laura; Pache, Lars; Chan, Chris Chun-Yiu; Lai, Pok-Man; Chan, Chris; Poon, Vincent; Matsunaga, Naoko; Pu, Yuan; Yuen, Chun-Kit; Cao, Jianli; Liang, Ronghui; Tang, Kaiming; Sheng, Li; Du, Yushen; Xu, Wan; Sze, Kong-Hung; Zhang, Jinxia; Chu, Hin; Kok, Kin-Hang; To, Kelvin; Jin, Dong-Yan; Sun, Ren; Chanda, Sumit; Yuen, Kwok-Yung title: Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters date: 2020-10-07 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-86169/v1 sha: doc_id: 342902 cord_uid: y1v8wzxq file: cache/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.json key: cord-342984-3qbvlbwo authors: Allington, Daniel; Duffy, Bobby; Wessely, Simon; Dhavan, Nayana; Rubin, James title: Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency date: 2020-06-09 journal: Psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/s003329172000224x sha: doc_id: 342984 cord_uid: 3qbvlbwo file: cache/cord-343008-y2pt43am.json key: cord-343008-y2pt43am authors: Tee, Cherica A; Salido, Evelyn O; Reyes, Patrick Wincy C; Ho, Roger C; Tee, Michael L title: Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus date: 2020-09-22 journal: Open Access Rheumatol DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s269889 sha: doc_id: 343008 cord_uid: y2pt43am file: cache/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.json key: cord-342930-f7cw2ca6 authors: Portincasa, Piero; Krawczyk, Marcin; Machill, Antonia; Lammert, Frank; Ciaula, Agostino Di title: Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting? date: 2020-06-01 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.035 sha: doc_id: 342930 cord_uid: f7cw2ca6 file: cache/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.json key: cord-342852-8wlqbwdi authors: Chen, Jie; Liu, Xinghuang; Wang, Dongke; Jin, Yan; He, Miao; Ma, Yanling; Zhao, Xiaolong; Song, Shuangning; Zhang, Lei; Xiang, Xuelian; Yang, Ling; Song, Jun; Bai, Tao; Hou, Xiaohua title: Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-10 journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1 sha: doc_id: 342852 cord_uid: 8wlqbwdi file: cache/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.json key: cord-342776-hkjhqgie authors: Jewett, Anahid title: The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01692 sha: doc_id: 342776 cord_uid: hkjhqgie file: cache/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.json key: cord-342989-9ie8mx4l authors: Lam, Simon Ching; Arora, Teresa; Grey, Ian; Suen, Lorna Kwai Ping; Huang, Emma Yun-zhi; Li, Daofan; Lam, Kin Bong Hubert title: Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00686 sha: doc_id: 342989 cord_uid: 9ie8mx4l file: cache/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.json key: cord-342888-o7ezn9dd authors: Wang, Lei-Yun; Cui, Jia-Jia; Ouyang, Qian-Ying; Zhan, Yan; Guo, Cheng-Xian; Yin, Ji-Ye title: Remdesivir and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32019-5 sha: doc_id: 342888 cord_uid: o7ezn9dd file: cache/cord-342972-bjv8biop.json key: cord-342972-bjv8biop authors: Smith, Michael D; Wesselbaum, Dennis title: COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Nutr DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa270 sha: doc_id: 342972 cord_uid: bjv8biop file: cache/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.json key: cord-342919-ls2q1g0v authors: Balsamo, Michela; Carlucci, Leonardo title: Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey date: 2020-10-16 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569276 sha: doc_id: 342919 cord_uid: ls2q1g0v file: cache/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.json key: cord-342974-g6ltr6am authors: Hull, S. A.; Williams, C.; Ashworth, M.; Carvalho, C.; Boomla, K. title: Suspected COVID-19 in primary care: how GP records contribute to understanding differences in prevalence by ethnicity. date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20101741 sha: doc_id: 342974 cord_uid: g6ltr6am file: cache/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.json key: cord-343061-4ab7ycwp authors: Lakhani, Ali title: Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Rural Health DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12436 sha: doc_id: 343061 cord_uid: 4ab7ycwp file: cache/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.json key: cord-343038-j58f1lwa authors: Henry, Brandon Michael; Oliveira, Maria Helena S title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data date: 2020-03-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884 sha: doc_id: 343038 cord_uid: j58f1lwa file: cache/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.json key: cord-342857-vj6sw2ne authors: McCullough, Peter A.; Kelly, Ronan J.; Ruocco, Gaetano; Lerma, Edgar; Tumlin, James; Wheelan, Kevin; Katz, Nevin; Lepor, Norman E.; Vijay, Kris; Carter, Harvey; Singh, Bhupinder; McCullough, Sean P.; Bhambi, Brijesh K.; Palazzuoli, Alberto; De Ferrari, Gaetano M; Milligan, Gregory; Safder, Taimur; Tecson, Kristen M.; Wang, Dee Dee; McKinnon; O'Neill, William W.; Zervos, Marcus; Risch, Harvey A. title: Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection date: 2020-08-07 journal: Am J Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 342857 cord_uid: vj6sw2ne file: cache/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.json key: cord-343018-8ghon5nb authors: Rajabally, Yusuf A.; Goedee, H. Stephan; Attarian, Shahram; Hartung, Hans‐Peter title: Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 journal: Muscle Nerve DOI: 10.1002/mus.26896 sha: doc_id: 343018 cord_uid: 8ghon5nb file: cache/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.json key: cord-343072-3wuh6k6g authors: Dong, Mengying; Cao, Xiaojun; Liang, Mingbiao; Li, Lijuan; Liu, Guangjian; Liang, Huiying title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling date: 2020-03-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 sha: doc_id: 343072 cord_uid: 3wuh6k6g file: cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.json key: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk authors: Senger, Mario Roberto; Evangelista, Tereza Cristina Santos; Dantas, Rafael Ferreira; Santana, Marcos Vinicius da Silva; Gonçalves, Luiz Carlos Saramago; de Souza Neto, Lauro Ribeiro; Ferreira, Sabrina Baptista; Silva-Junior, Floriano Paes title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200254 sha: doc_id: 342756 cord_uid: rgm9ffpk file: cache/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.json key: cord-343052-dc9s2rau authors: Murgo, Salvatore; Lheureux, Olivier; Taccone, Fabio; Vouche, Michael; Golzarian, Jafar title: Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report date: 2020-09-05 journal: CVIR Endovasc DOI: 10.1186/s42155-020-00154-x sha: doc_id: 343052 cord_uid: dc9s2rau file: cache/cord-342929-y8857da3.json key: cord-342929-y8857da3 authors: Desai, Urvi; Kassardjian, Charles D.; Del Toro, David; Gleveckas‐Martens, Nida; Srinivasan, Jayashri; Venesy, Deborah; Narayanaswami, Pushpa title: Guidance for Resumption of Routine Electrodiagnostic Testing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 journal: Muscle Nerve DOI: 10.1002/mus.26990 sha: doc_id: 342929 cord_uid: y8857da3 file: cache/cord-343073-lwbddab2.json key: cord-343073-lwbddab2 authors: Antiporta, D. A.; Bruni, A. title: Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers. date: 2020-07-18 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630 sha: doc_id: 343073 cord_uid: lwbddab2 file: cache/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.json key: cord-343093-qjg5az3d authors: Irie, Kei; Nakagawa, Atsushi; Fujita, Hirotoshi; Tamura, Ryo; Eto, Masaaki; Ikesue, Hiroaki; Muroi, Nobuyuki; Tomii, Keisuke; Hashida, Tohru title: Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-31 journal: Clin Transl Sci DOI: 10.1111/cts.12827 sha: doc_id: 343093 cord_uid: qjg5az3d file: cache/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.json key: cord-343186-gsojxjp9 authors: Tang, Jieying; Li, Binbin; Gong, Jiacheng; Li, Weiwei; Yang, Jianmin title: Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID‐19 patients with pressure ulcer date: 2020-05-07 journal: Int Wound J DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13399 sha: doc_id: 343186 cord_uid: gsojxjp9 file: cache/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.json key: cord-343127-n3fs8ph8 authors: Pousa, Pedro A.; de Mendonça, Tamires S.C.; Oliveira, Eduardo A.; e Silva, Ana Cristina Simões title: Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations date: 2020-09-22 journal: J Pediatr (Rio J) DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 343127 cord_uid: n3fs8ph8 file: cache/cord-343168-gphud9yx.json key: cord-343168-gphud9yx authors: Alyami, H. S.; Naser, A. Y.; Dahmash, E. Z.; Alyami, M. H.; Al Meanazel, O. T.; Al-Meanazel, A. T. title: Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096677 sha: doc_id: 343168 cord_uid: gphud9yx file: cache/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.json key: cord-343087-vnvlnxnq authors: Vacanti, Gaetano; Bramlage, Peter; Schymik, Gerhard; Schmitt, Claus; Luik, Armin; Swojanowsky, Patrick; Tzamalis, Panagiotis title: Reduced rate of admissions for acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational analysis from a tertiary hospital in Germany date: 2020-10-07 journal: Herz DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04991-3 sha: doc_id: 343087 cord_uid: vnvlnxnq file: cache/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.json key: cord-343021-gqem6bxj authors: Allam, Zaheer title: Oil, Health Equipment, and Trade: Revisiting Political Economy and International Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 journal: Surveying the Covid-19 Pandemic and its Implications DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00009-7 sha: doc_id: 343021 cord_uid: gqem6bxj file: cache/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.json key: cord-343090-dsjq98ks authors: Fragkou, Paraskevi C.; Belhadi, Drifa; Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan; Moschopoulos, Charalampos D.; Lescure, François-Xavier; Janocha, Hannah; Karofylakis, Emmanouil; Yazdanpanah, Yazdan; Mentré, France; Skevaki, Chrysanthi; Laouénan, Cédric; Tsiodras, Sotirios title: Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 343090 cord_uid: dsjq98ks file: cache/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.json key: cord-343027-ks3fn9pq authors: Fraser, Nicholas; Brierley, Liam; Dey, Gautam; Polka, Jessica K; Pálfy, Máté; Nanni, Federico; Coates, Jonathon Alexis title: Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.111294 sha: doc_id: 343027 cord_uid: ks3fn9pq file: cache/cord-343122-lppdauei.json key: cord-343122-lppdauei authors: Ribeiro, Helena; de Santana, Keila Valente de Souza; Oliver, Sofia Lizarralde; Rondó, Patricia Helen de Carvalho; Mendes, Marcela Moraes; Charlton, Karen; Lanham-New, Susan title: Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil? date: 2020-05-22 journal: Revista de saude publica DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002545 sha: doc_id: 343122 cord_uid: lppdauei file: cache/cord-343100-cljfh8es.json key: cord-343100-cljfh8es authors: Chakraborty, Parthasarathi; Jayachandran, Saranya; Padalkar, Prasad; Sitlhou, Lamjahao; Chakraborty, Sucharita; Kar, Rajarshi; Bhaumik, Swastika; Srivastava, Medhavi title: Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO(2)) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective date: 2020-07-15 journal: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02937-3 sha: doc_id: 343100 cord_uid: cljfh8es file: cache/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.json key: cord-343082-46lo7xtx authors: Awasthi, Ankit; Vishwas, Sukriti; Corrie, Leander; Kumar, Rajesh; Khursheed, Rubiya; Kaur, Jaskiran; Kumar, Rajan; Arya, K.R.; Gulati, Monica; Kumar, Bimlesh; Singh, Sachin Kumar; Pandey, Narendra Kumar; Wadhwa, Sheetu; Kumar, Pardeep; Kapoor, Bhupinder; Gupta, Rajneesh Kumar; Kumar, Ankit title: OUTBREAK of novel corona virus disease (COVID-19): Antecedence and aftermath date: 2020-07-25 journal: Eur J Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173381 sha: doc_id: 343082 cord_uid: 46lo7xtx file: cache/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.json key: cord-343183-5jlnw6e0 authors: Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri title: Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schools date: 2020-11-05 journal: Revista de saude publica DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054003142 sha: doc_id: 343183 cord_uid: 5jlnw6e0 file: cache/cord-343249-npk92gra.json key: cord-343249-npk92gra authors: Hastie, C. 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P.; Sattar, N. title: Short Communication: Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140921 sha: doc_id: 343249 cord_uid: npk92gra file: cache/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.json key: cord-343325-cbrly7f5 authors: Denault, André Y.; Delisle, Stéphane; Canty, David; Royse, Alistair; Royse, Colin; Serra, Ximena Cid; Gebhard, Caroline E.; Couture, Étienne J.; Girard, Martin; Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros; Peschanski, Nicolas; Langevin, Stéphan; Ouellet, Paul title: A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure date: 2020-05-21 journal: Can J Anaesth DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6 sha: doc_id: 343325 cord_uid: cbrly7f5 file: cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.json key: cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 authors: Chiara, Berardi; Marcello, Antonini; Mesfin G, Genie; Giovanni, Cotugno; Alessandro, Lanteri; Adrian, Melia; Francesco, Paolucci title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date: 2020-09-03 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 343295 cord_uid: c3y6rtb7 file: cache/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.json key: cord-343252-mtcqawxc authors: Ruggieri, P.; Trovarelli, G.; Angelini, A.; Pala, E.; Berizzi, A.; Donato, D. title: COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Orthop Surg Res DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01740-4 sha: doc_id: 343252 cord_uid: mtcqawxc file: cache/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.json key: cord-343322-vx3lub3s authors: LUBANSU, Alphonse; HADWE, Salim EL. title: Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". date: 2020-11-02 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.143 sha: doc_id: 343322 cord_uid: vx3lub3s file: cache/cord-343201-98scxky8.json key: cord-343201-98scxky8 authors: Thibault, Ronan; Coëffier, Moïse; Joly, Francisca; Bohé, Julien; Schneider, Stéphane M.; Déchelotte, Pierre title: How the Covid-19 epidemic is challenging our practice in clinical nutrition—feedback from the field date: 2020-09-16 journal: Eur J Clin Nutr DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00757-6 sha: doc_id: 343201 cord_uid: 98scxky8 file: cache/cord-343333-4krrmjio.json key: cord-343333-4krrmjio authors: Salazar, Martín; Barochiner, Jessica; Espeche, Walter; Ennis, Irene title: COVID-19, Hipertensión y Enfermedad cardiovascular date: 2020-06-18 journal: Hipertens Riesgo Vasc DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 343333 cord_uid: 4krrmjio file: cache/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.json key: cord-343382-3pzvirdg authors: Ierardi, Anna Maria; Del Giudice, Costantino; Coppola, Andrea; Carnevale, Aldo; Giganti, Melchiore; Renzulli, Matteo; Tacher, Vania; Urbano, Jose; Kobeiter, Hicham; Loffroy, Romaric; Sapoval, Marc; Carrafiello, Gianpaolo title: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization date: 2020-10-01 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000978 sha: doc_id: 343382 cord_uid: 3pzvirdg file: cache/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.json key: cord-343219-0dwyv1vk authors: Gellin, Bruce title: Why vaccine rumours stick—and getting them unstuck date: 2020-07-30 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31640-8 sha: doc_id: 343219 cord_uid: 0dwyv1vk file: cache/cord-343414-2embihmf.json key: cord-343414-2embihmf authors: Wagner, Aaron B.; Hill, Elaine L.; Ryan, Sean E.; Sun, Ziteng; Deng, Grace; Bhadane, Sourbh; Martinez, Victor Hernandez; Wu, Peter; Li, Dongmei; Anand, Ajay; Acharya, Jayadev; Matteson, David S. title: Social distancing merely stabilized COVID‐19 in the US date: 2020-07-13 journal: Stat (Int Stat Inst) DOI: 10.1002/sta4.302 sha: doc_id: 343414 cord_uid: 2embihmf file: cache/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.json key: cord-343490-94vkfrtw authors: Handaya, Adeodatus Yuda; Andrew, Joshua; Hanif, Ahmad Shafa; Fauzi, Aditya Rifqi title: Covid-19 mimicking symptoms in emergency gastrointestinal surgery cases during pandemic: a case series date: 2020-10-24 journal: Int J Surg Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.064 sha: doc_id: 343490 cord_uid: 94vkfrtw file: cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.json key: cord-343205-zjw4fbfd authors: Bhaskar, Sonu; Bradley, Sian; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Adisesh, Anil; Nurtazina, Alma; Kyrykbayeva, Saltanat; Sakhamuri, Sateesh; Moguilner, Sebastian; Pandya, Shawna; Schroeder, Starr; Banach, Maciej; Ray, Daniel title: Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date: 2020-09-07 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00410 sha: doc_id: 343205 cord_uid: zjw4fbfd file: cache/cord-343389-n276aksa.json key: cord-343389-n276aksa authors: Lades, Leonhard K.; Laffan, Kate; Daly, Michael; Delaney, Liam title: Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 journal: Br J Health Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12450 sha: doc_id: 343389 cord_uid: n276aksa file: cache/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.json key: cord-343330-wuzts3mt authors: Ramos da Silva, S.; Ju, E.; Meng, W.; Paniz Mondolfi, A. E.; Dacic, S.; Green, A.; Bryce, C.; Grimes, Z.; Fowkes, M. E.; Sordillo, E. M.; Cordon-Cardo, C.; Guo, H.; Gao, S.-J. title: Broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism and immunopathology in lung tissues from fatal COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20195818 sha: doc_id: 343330 cord_uid: wuzts3mt file: cache/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.json key: cord-343502-1n0o4akm authors: Chen, Zhang-Ren; Zhou, Ying; Liu, Jin; Peng, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Jian; Zhong, Hai-Li; Liu, Li-Li; Lai, Ming-Fang; Wei, Xiao-Hua; Wen, Jin-Hua title: Pharmacotherapics Advice in Guidelines for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00950 sha: doc_id: 343502 cord_uid: 1n0o4akm file: cache/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.json key: cord-343449-4uxwojzo authors: The Gibraltar COVID-19 Research Group Health Systems,; Goyal, D. title: Oxygen and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative analysis of supplemental oxygen policies and health outcomes across 26 countries. date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145763 sha: doc_id: 343449 cord_uid: 4uxwojzo file: cache/cord-343415-lj2trn85.json key: cord-343415-lj2trn85 authors: Del Barba, Paolo; Canarutto, Daniele; Sala, Elisa; Frontino, Giulio; Guarneri, Maria Pia; Camesasca, Chiara; Baldoli, Cristina; Esposito, Antonio; Barera, Graziano title: COVID‐19 cardiac involvement in a 38‐day old infant date: 2020-06-18 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24895 sha: doc_id: 343415 cord_uid: lj2trn85 file: cache/cord-343472-fd34ls35.json key: cord-343472-fd34ls35 authors: Tersalvi, Gregorio; Veronese, Giacomo; Winterton, Dario title: Emerging evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19: A path through the smoke date: 2020-08-02 journal: Theranostics DOI: 10.7150/thno.50788 sha: doc_id: 343472 cord_uid: fd34ls35 file: cache/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.json key: cord-343530-3fnfs2e5 authors: Leung, T.Y.; Sharma, Piyush; Adithipyangkul, Pattarin; Hosie, Peter title: Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Bus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.031 sha: doc_id: 343530 cord_uid: 3fnfs2e5 file: cache/cord-343601-po9br5zm.json key: cord-343601-po9br5zm authors: Wang, Gan-Yi; Tang, Shang-Feng title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China date: 2020-10-26 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8 sha: doc_id: 343601 cord_uid: po9br5zm file: cache/cord-343566-epvswt7f.json key: cord-343566-epvswt7f authors: Wang, Zhao-Hua; Shu, Chang; Ran, Xiao; Xie, Cui-Hong; Zhang, Lei title: Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Designated ICU: Clinical Features and Predictors for Mortality date: 2020-07-20 journal: Risk Manag Healthc Policy DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s263095 sha: doc_id: 343566 cord_uid: epvswt7f file: cache/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.json key: cord-343357-5nhyumxl authors: Heegaard, Peter M. H.; Sturek, Michael; Alloosh, Mouhamad; Belsham, Graham J. title: Animal Models for COVID-19: More to the Picture Than ACE2, Rodents, Ferrets, and Non-human Primates. A Case for Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus and the Obese Ossabaw Pig date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573756 sha: doc_id: 343357 cord_uid: 5nhyumxl file: cache/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.json key: cord-343452-4m0ub9iv authors: Barkama, Ravit; Mayo, Ami; Paz, Alona; Solopov, Anna; Mann, Tal; Vadasz, Zahava; Appel, Tal; Ofir, Racheli; Shani, Liran; Sheleg, Michal; Allen, Hoshea; Shaked Nitzan, Rony; Tsarfaty, Nurit; Gilad, Hadar; Birch, Thomas; Kachel, Erez; Reinke, Petra; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Zalts, Ronen; Raz Pasteur, Ayelet title: Placenta-Derived Cell Therapy to Treat Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000207 sha: doc_id: 343452 cord_uid: 4m0ub9iv file: cache/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.json key: cord-343553-07c9ec2b authors: Radfar, S. R.; De Jong, C. A. J.; Farhoudian, A.; Ebrahimi, M.; Rafei, P.; Vahidi, M.; Yunesian, M.; Kouimtsidis, C.; Arunogiri, S.; Massah, O.; Deylamizadeh, A.; Brady, K. T.; Busse, A.; ISAM-PPIG Global Survey Consortium,; Potenza, M. N.; Ekhtiari, H.; Baldacchino, A. M. title: Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20199133 sha: doc_id: 343553 cord_uid: 07c9ec2b file: cache/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.json key: cord-343637-3g4tosjx authors: Tumlinson, Anne; Altman, William; Glaudemans, Jon; Gleckman, Howard; Grabowski, David C. title: Post‐Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID‐19 World date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Am Geriatr Soc DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16519 sha: doc_id: 343637 cord_uid: 3g4tosjx file: cache/cord-343622-5270vdkr.json key: cord-343622-5270vdkr authors: Bowman, Deborah title: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 journal: Gastrointest Endosc DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.05.032 sha: doc_id: 343622 cord_uid: 5270vdkr file: cache/cord-343422-910zswy0.json key: cord-343422-910zswy0 authors: Bressy, Silvia; Zingarelli, Enrico M title: Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience date: 2020-05-22 journal: Fam Pract DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa055 sha: doc_id: 343422 cord_uid: 910zswy0 file: cache/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.json key: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3 authors: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman; Ahmed Shuvho, Md Bengir; Shahid, Md Abdus; Haque, A.K.M. Monjurul; Kashem, Mohammod Abul; Lam, Su Shiung; Ong, Hwai Chyuan; Uddin, Md. Alhaz; Mofijur, M. title: Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-10-03 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110294 sha: doc_id: 343535 cord_uid: r8rsbfs3 file: cache/cord-343589-9okzwtci.json key: cord-343589-9okzwtci authors: Mantero, Vittorio; Abate, Lucia; Balgera, Roberto; Basilico, Paola; Salmaggi, Andrea; Cordano, Christian title: Assessing the susceptibility to acute respiratory illness COVID-19-related in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients date: 2020-08-19 journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102453 sha: doc_id: 343589 cord_uid: 9okzwtci file: cache/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.json key: cord-343619-vk3p72ze authors: Vaish, Abhishek; Jain, Vijay Kumar; Iyengar, Karthikeyan P.; Vaishya, Raju title: COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons date: 2020-07-02 journal: Indian J Orthop DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00183-7 sha: doc_id: 343619 cord_uid: vk3p72ze file: cache/cord-343643-if04rgzi.json key: cord-343643-if04rgzi authors: Hirko, Kelly A; Kerver, Jean M; Ford, Sabrina; Szafranski, Chelsea; Beckett, John; Kitchen, Chris; Wendling, Andrea L title: Telehealth in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Rural Health Disparities date: 2020-06-26 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa156 sha: doc_id: 343643 cord_uid: if04rgzi file: cache/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.json key: cord-343618-jjb8da4a authors: Nie, Kai; Yang, Yuan-Yuan; Deng, Min-Zi; Wang, Xiao-Yan title: Gastrointestinal insights during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-26 journal: World J Clin Cases DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3934 sha: doc_id: 343618 cord_uid: jjb8da4a file: cache/cord-343691-sjz5og78.json key: cord-343691-sjz5og78 authors: Nakajima, Kei title: Serious Conditions in COVID-19 Accompanied With a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4187 sha: doc_id: 343691 cord_uid: sjz5og78 file: cache/cord-343483-puly7tyv.json key: cord-343483-puly7tyv authors: Pak, Jamie S.; Sayegh, Christopher I.; Smigelski, Michael B.; McKiernan, James M.; Cooper, Kimberly L. title: A Urology Department's Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 journal: Urology DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.024 sha: doc_id: 343483 cord_uid: puly7tyv file: cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.json key: cord-343740-vcys2q2t authors: Kawachi, Ichiro title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities date: 2020-09-24 journal: Int J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa159 sha: doc_id: 343740 cord_uid: vcys2q2t file: cache/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.json key: cord-343819-1uki4b3d authors: Mian, Muhammad S; Razaq, Laiba; Khan, Safeera; Hussain, Nadia; Razaq, Mahrukh title: Pathological Findings and Management of COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Overview of Modern-day Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8136 sha: doc_id: 343819 cord_uid: 1uki4b3d file: cache/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.json key: cord-343545-ga56ozp3 authors: Pablos, J. L.; Galindo, M.; Carmona, L.; Retuerto, M.; Lledo, A.; Blanco, R.; Gonzalez-Gay, M. A.; Martinez-Lopez, D.; Castrejon, I.; Alvaro-Gracia, J. M.; Fernandez-Fernandez, D.; Mera-Varela, A.; Manrique-Arija, S.; Mena-Vazquez, N.; Fernandez-Nebro, A.; group, RIER investigators title: Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study date: 2020-06-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20133645 sha: doc_id: 343545 cord_uid: ga56ozp3 file: cache/cord-343712-gn7fw891.json key: cord-343712-gn7fw891 authors: Taglauer, Elizabeth; Benarroch, Yoel; Rop, Kevin; Barnett, Elizabeth; Sabharwal, Vishakha; Yarrington, Christina; Wachman, Elisha M. title: Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads date: 2020-08-25 journal: Placenta DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.015 sha: doc_id: 343712 cord_uid: gn7fw891 file: cache/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.json key: cord-343739-t3z6ghyp authors: Conforti, Claudio; Giuffrida, Roberta; Di Meo, Nicola; Zalaudek, Iris title: Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID‐19 era date: 2020-05-14 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13444 sha: doc_id: 343739 cord_uid: t3z6ghyp file: cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.json key: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa authors: Asiamah, Nestor; Opuni, Frank Frimpong; Mends-Brew, Edwin; Mensah, Samuel Worlanyo; Mensah, Henry Kofi; Quansah, Fidelis title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana date: 2020-10-08 journal: Community Ment Health J DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4 sha: doc_id: 343559 cord_uid: kjuc3nqa file: cache/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.json key: cord-343743-6k3soh1l authors: Chaudhary, Sachin; Natt, Bhupinder; Bime, Christian; Knox, Kenneth S.; Glassberg, Marilyn K. title: Antifibrotics in COVID-19 Lung Disease: Let Us Stay Focused date: 2020-09-09 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00539 sha: doc_id: 343743 cord_uid: 6k3soh1l file: cache/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.json key: cord-343766-hlg7t5i5 authors: Vinken, Mathieu title: A putative AOP for pneumonia related to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Arch Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02860-w sha: doc_id: 343766 cord_uid: hlg7t5i5 file: cache/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.json key: cord-343773-9f7ew8uj authors: Volo, T.; Stritoni, P.; Battel, I.; Zennaro, B.; Lazzari, F.; Bellin, M.; Michieletto, L.; Spinato, G.; Busatto, C.; Politi, D.; Spinato, R. title: Elective tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: to whom, when, how? Early experience from Venice, Italy date: 2020-07-12 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06190-6 sha: doc_id: 343773 cord_uid: 9f7ew8uj file: cache/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.json key: cord-343845-suoy3ojr authors: Martín, Vicente; Fernández-Villa, Tania; de Gomez, María Lamuedra Gil; Mencía, Oscar; Rodríguez, Ana Rivero; Celada, Sofía Reguero; Gomez, Marina Montoro; Guisado, María Teresa Nuevo; Ruiz, Cristina Villa; Flecha, Cristina Díez; Carvajal, Ana; Vázquez, Jose Pedro Fernández title: Prevalencia de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en médicos y enfermeras de Atención Primaria y Residencias de Ancianos del Área de Salud de León y Factores asociados date: 2020-06-06 journal: Semergen DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.014 sha: doc_id: 343845 cord_uid: suoy3ojr file: cache/cord-343684-z63qn66b.json key: cord-343684-z63qn66b authors: Serge, Rozenberg; Vandromme, Jean; Charlotte, Martin title: Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently? date: 2020-05-15 journal: Maturitas DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 343684 cord_uid: z63qn66b file: cache/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.json key: cord-343797-kpmz5kwg authors: Lee, Martin Beng‐Huat; Chua, Horng Ruey; Wong, Weng Kin; Chan, Gek Cher; Leo, Christopher Cheang Han; Vathsala, Anantharaman; Teo, Boon Wee title: GOING TO WAR ON COVID19: MOBILIZING AN ACADEMIC NEPHROLOGY GROUP PRACTICE date: 2020-07-04 journal: Nephrology (Carlton) DOI: 10.1111/nep.13753 sha: doc_id: 343797 cord_uid: kpmz5kwg file: cache/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.json key: cord-343870-g2v7ihud authors: Liu, Wei; Zhu, Hai-Liang; Duan, Yongtao title: Virus-, host-, immune-based targets for COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-10-06 journal: Drug Discov Today DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 343870 cord_uid: g2v7ihud file: cache/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.json key: cord-343688-g6bevqxq authors: Ahundjanov, B. B.; Akhundjanov, S. B.; Okhunjanov, B. B. title: Power Law in COVID-19 Cases in China date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.25.20161984 sha: doc_id: 343688 cord_uid: g6bevqxq file: cache/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.json key: cord-343881-0i3rfpvd authors: Norton, Alice; De La Horra Gozalo, Arancha; Feune de Colombi, Nicole; Alobo, Moses; Mutheu Asego, Juliette; Al-Rawni, Zainab; Antonio, Emilia; Parker, James; Mwangi, Wayne; Adhiambo Wesonga, Colette; Marsh, Kevin; Tufet, Marta; Piot, Peter; Lang, Trudie title: The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 sha: doc_id: 343881 cord_uid: 0i3rfpvd file: cache/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.json key: cord-343822-k00ng5nl authors: Hoekman, Lieke Michaela; Smits, Marlou Marriet Vera; Koolman, Xander title: The Dutch COVID-19 approach: Regional differences in a small country.: The Dutch COVID-19 approach. date: 2020-08-27 journal: Health Policy Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 343822 cord_uid: k00ng5nl file: cache/cord-343864-0258nh92.json key: cord-343864-0258nh92 authors: Straughn, Alex R.; Kakar, Sham S. title: Withaferin A: a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-19 journal: J Ovarian Res DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00684-x sha: doc_id: 343864 cord_uid: 0258nh92 file: cache/cord-343877-jzkaee16.json key: cord-343877-jzkaee16 authors: Newdick, Chris; Sheehan, Mark; Dunn, Michael title: Tragic choices in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: on fairness, consistency and community date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106487 sha: doc_id: 343877 cord_uid: jzkaee16 file: cache/cord-343919-n8884bli.json key: cord-343919-n8884bli authors: Salvio, Gianmaria; Gianfelice, Claudio; Firmani, Francesca; Lunetti, Stefano; Balercia, Giancarlo; Giacchetti, Gilberta title: Bone Metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 Disease: Possible Osteoimmunology and Gender Implications date: 2020-09-01 journal: Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab DOI: 10.1007/s12018-020-09274-3 sha: doc_id: 343919 cord_uid: n8884bli file: cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.json key: cord-343715-y594iewi authors: Gavriatopoulou, Maria; Korompoki, Eleni; Fotiou, Despina; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis; Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Kastritis, Efstathios; Terpos, Evangelos; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 journal: Clin Exp Med DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x sha: doc_id: 343715 cord_uid: y594iewi file: cache/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.json key: cord-343876-2inr4mcy authors: Xie, Qin; Fan, Fang; Fan, Xue-Peng; Wang, Xiao-Jiang; Chen, Ming-Jian; Zhong, Bao-Liang; Chiu, Helen Fung-Kum title: COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings due to first-episode mental disorders in Wuhan, China: clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and our experiences date: 2020-10-02 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01022-x sha: doc_id: 343876 cord_uid: 2inr4mcy file: cache/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.json key: cord-343929-9ebw3x8r authors: Gupta, Ritesh; Misra, Anoop title: Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India date: 2020-09-08 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 343929 cord_uid: 9ebw3x8r file: cache/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.json key: cord-343759-me0n2k3f authors: Majiya, H.; Aliyu-Paiko, M.; Balogu, V. T.; Musa, D. A.; Salihu, I. M.; Kawu, A. A.; Bashir, I. Y.; Sani, A. R.; Baba, J.; Muhammad, A. T.; Jibril, F. L.; Bala, E.; Obaje, N. G.; Aliyu, Y. B.; Muhammad, R. G.; Mohammed, H.; Gimba, U. N.; Uthman, A.; Liman, H. M.; Alhaji, S. A.; James, J. K.; Makusidi, M. M.; Isah, M. D.; Abdullahi, I.; Ndagi, U.; Waziri, B.; Bisallah, C. I.; Dadi-Mamud, N. J.; Ibrahim, K.; Adamu, A. K. title: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State date: 2020-08-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.04.20168112 sha: doc_id: 343759 cord_uid: me0n2k3f file: cache/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.json key: cord-343927-s54n1cmn authors: Sayad, Babak; Afshar, Zeinab Mohseni; Mansouri, Feizollah; Rahimi, Zohreh title: Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality date: 2020-10-14 journal: Health Sci Rep DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.194 sha: doc_id: 343927 cord_uid: s54n1cmn file: cache/cord-343978-w1fsu787.json key: cord-343978-w1fsu787 authors: Greene, E A; Hein, W; Wickens, C L; Smarsh, D N title: Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 journal: Transl Anim Sci DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa085 sha: doc_id: 343978 cord_uid: w1fsu787 file: cache/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.json key: cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 authors: Ip, Andrew; Berry, Donald A.; Hansen, Eric; Goy, Andre H.; Pecora, Andrew L.; Sinclaire, Brittany A.; Bednarz, Urszula; Marafelias, Michael; Berry, Scott M.; Berry, Nicholas S.; Mathura, Shivam; Sawczuk, Ihor S.; Biran, Noa; Go, Ronaldo C.; Sperber, Steven; Piwoz, Julia A.; Balani, Bindu; Cicogna, Cristina; Sebti, Rani; Zuckerman, Jerry; Rose, Keith M.; Tank, Lisa; Jacobs, Laurie G.; Korcak, Jason; Timmapuri, Sarah L.; Underwood, Joseph P.; Sugalski, Gregory; Barsky, Carol; Varga, Daniel W.; Asif, Arif; Landolfi, Joseph C.; Goldberg, Stuart L. title: Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 sha: doc_id: 343973 cord_uid: n5ogyxz7 file: cache/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.json key: cord-343982-ymaql0hx authors: Carr, M. J.; Wright, A. K.; Leelarathna, L.; Thabit, H.; Milne, N.; Kanumilli, N.; Ashcroft, D. M.; Rutter, M. K. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnoses, HbA1c monitoring and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK-wide cohort study involving 13 million people in primary care date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 sha: doc_id: 343982 cord_uid: ymaql0hx file: cache/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.json key: cord-344011-w9zn7hb2 authors: Schiffrin, Ernesto L; Flack, John M; Ito, Sadayoshi; Muntner, Paul; Webb, R Clinton title: Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED? date: 2020-05-16 journal: Am J Hypertens DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa077 sha: doc_id: 344011 cord_uid: w9zn7hb2 file: cache/cord-343970-anocx4y1.json key: cord-343970-anocx4y1 authors: Bansal, Rashika; Gubbi, Sriram; Muniyappa, Ranganath title: Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course date: 2020-06-30 journal: Endocrinology DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa112 sha: doc_id: 343970 cord_uid: anocx4y1 file: cache/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.json key: cord-343917-67qjqxqh authors: Dabrowska, Dominika; Lock, Gareth John title: Staying Ahead of the Curve: Modified Approach to Emergency Caesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 journal: Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2020.280420 sha: doc_id: 343917 cord_uid: 67qjqxqh file: cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.json key: cord-343926-47m17k1t authors: Kuzemko, Caroline; Bradshaw, Michael; Bridge, Gavin; Goldthau, Andreas; Jewell, Jessica; Overland, Indra; Scholten, Daniel; van de Graaf, Thijs; Westphal, Kirsten title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 journal: Energy Res Soc Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 sha: doc_id: 343926 cord_uid: 47m17k1t file: cache/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.json key: cord-344010-14bd6mnp authors: Husby, A.; Pottegaard, A.; Hviid, A. P. title: Inhaled corticosteroid use in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20187278 sha: doc_id: 344010 cord_uid: 14bd6mnp file: cache/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.json key: cord-344048-lx9krl5v authors: Domínguez-Salas, Sara; Gómez-Salgado, Juan; Andrés-Villas, Montserrat; Díaz-Milanés, Diego; Romero-Martín, Macarena; Ruiz-Frutos, Carlos title: Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study date: 2020-06-28 journal: Healthcare (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030190 sha: doc_id: 344048 cord_uid: lx9krl5v file: cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.json key: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 authors: Liang, Donghai; Shi, Liuhua; Zhao, Jingxuan; Liu, Pengfei; Sarnat, Jeremy A.; Gao, Song; Schwartz, Joel; Liu, Yang; Ebelt, Stefanie T.; Scovronick, Noah; Chang, Howard H. title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 journal: Innovation (N Y) DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 sha: doc_id: 344008 cord_uid: h4kc04w0 file: cache/cord-343818-pj1oludh.json key: cord-343818-pj1oludh authors: Liu, Chan; He, Yu; Liu, Lian; Li, Fang; Shi, Yuan title: Children with COVID-19 behaving milder may challenge the public policies: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-01 journal: BMC Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02316-1 sha: doc_id: 343818 cord_uid: pj1oludh file: cache/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.json key: cord-343969-9nec3lj8 authors: Otugo, Onyeka; Wages, Brooke title: COVID-19: The Additional Sentence for the Incarcerated date: 2020-09-30 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0017 sha: doc_id: 343969 cord_uid: 9nec3lj8 file: cache/cord-344046-9vou06c7.json key: cord-344046-9vou06c7 authors: Hon, Kam Lun Ellis; Leung, Karen Ka Yan title: Pediatric COVID-19: what disease is this? date: 2020-06-17 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00375-z sha: doc_id: 344046 cord_uid: 9vou06c7 file: cache/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.json key: cord-343985-0p2j5hzc authors: Self-Brown, Shannon; Reuben, Katherine; Perry, Elizabeth W.; Bullinger, Lindsey R.; Osborne, Melissa C.; Bielecki, JoAnne; Whitaker, Daniel title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of an Evidence-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Program: Understanding the Perspectives of SafeCare® Providers date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Fam Violence DOI: 10.1007/s10896-020-00217-6 sha: doc_id: 343985 cord_uid: 0p2j5hzc file: cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.json key: cord-344075-ucd6ooob authors: Bartoszek, Adrian; Walkowiak, Dariusz; Bartoszek, Agnieszka; Kardas, Grzegorz title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207417 sha: doc_id: 344075 cord_uid: ucd6ooob file: cache/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.json key: cord-344065-87x5y9o6 authors: Wedig, Isaac J; Duelge, Tristan A; Elmer, Steven J title: Infographic. Stay physically active during COVID-19 with exercise as medicine date: 2020-10-23 journal: Br J Sports Med DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103282 sha: doc_id: 344065 cord_uid: 87x5y9o6 file: cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.json key: cord-344012-npob20n0 authors: Gheblawi, Mahmoud; Wang, Kaiming; Viveiros, Anissa; Nguyen, Quynh; Zhong, Jiu-Chang; Turner, Anthony J.; Raizada, Mohan K.; Grant, Maria B.; Oudit, Gavin Y. title: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2 date: 2020-05-08 journal: Circ Res DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317015 sha: doc_id: 344012 cord_uid: npob20n0 file: cache/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.json key: cord-344120-7t5ce2hb authors: Baroutjian, Amanda; Sanchez, Carol; Boneva, Dessy; McKenney, Mark; Elkbuli, Adel title: SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence date: 2020-09-01 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.091 sha: doc_id: 344120 cord_uid: 7t5ce2hb file: cache/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.json key: cord-344003-oul2hdyq authors: Maleki Dana, Parisa; Sadoughi, Fatemeh; Hallajzadeh, Jamal; Asemi, Zatollah; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Yousefi, Bahman; Momen-Heravi, Mansooreh title: An Insight into the Sex Differences in COVID-19 Patients: What are the Possible Causes? date: 2020-06-18 journal: Prehospital and disaster medicine DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x20000837 sha: doc_id: 344003 cord_uid: oul2hdyq file: cache/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.json key: cord-344080-tru8kvxw authors: Bhatt, Ankeet S.; Moscone, Alea; McElrath, Erin E.; Varshney, Anubodh S.; Claggett, Brian L.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Januzzi, James L.; Butler, Javed; Adler, Dale S.; Solomon, Scott D.; Vaduganathan, Muthiah title: Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.038 sha: doc_id: 344080 cord_uid: tru8kvxw file: cache/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.json key: cord-344076-ervwj8ok authors: Lim, Michael Anthonius; Pranata, Raymond title: The insidious threat of jamu and unregulated traditional medicines in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-12 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.022 sha: doc_id: 344076 cord_uid: ervwj8ok file: cache/cord-344070-17oac3bg.json key: cord-344070-17oac3bg authors: Silverman, Justin D; Hupert, Nathaniel; Washburne, Alex D title: Using ILI surveillance to estimate state-specific case detection rates and forecast SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States date: 2020-04-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050542 sha: doc_id: 344070 cord_uid: 17oac3bg file: cache/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.json key: cord-343981-m6z9aqvu authors: Freedberg, Daniel E.; Conigliaro, Joseph; Wang, Timothy C.; Tracey, Kevin J.; Callahan, Michael V.; Abrams, Julian A.; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.; Markowitz, David D.; Gupta, Aakriti; O’Donnell, Max R.; Li, Jianhua; Tuveson, David A.; Jin, Zhezhen; Turner, William C.; Landry, Donald W. title: Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.053 sha: doc_id: 343981 cord_uid: m6z9aqvu file: cache/cord-344087-4f40zj13.json key: cord-344087-4f40zj13 authors: Jo, Min-Woo; Go, Dun-Sol; Kim, Rhieun; Lee, Seung Won; Ock, Minsu; Kim, Young-Eun; Oh, In-Hwan; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Park, Hyesook title: The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years date: 2020-05-26 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e199 sha: doc_id: 344087 cord_uid: 4f40zj13 file: cache/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.json key: cord-344136-k5gh0s6y authors: Ouyang, Lichen; Gong, Yeli; Zhu, Yan; Gong, Jie title: Association of acute kidney injury with the severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-09-02 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.089 sha: doc_id: 344136 cord_uid: k5gh0s6y file: cache/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.json key: cord-344006-0iq9s94n authors: Atzrodt, Cassandra L.; Maknojia, Insha; McCarthy, Robert D.P.; Oldfield, Tiara M.; Po, Jonathan; Ta, Kenny T.L.; Stepp, Hannah E.; Clements, Thomas P. title: A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-05-23 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.15375 sha: doc_id: 344006 cord_uid: 0iq9s94n file: cache/cord-344027-qghktrm1.json key: cord-344027-qghktrm1 authors: Fiolet, Thibault; Guihur, Anthony; Rebeaud, Mathieu E.; Mulot, Matthieu; Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan; Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya title: 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients' – Author’s reply date: 2020-10-17 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 344027 cord_uid: qghktrm1 file: cache/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.json key: cord-344175-e2m9o8c2 authors: Lentini, Giovanni; Cavalluzzi, Maria Maddalena; Habtemariam, Solomon title: COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concern: Chirality Might Help date: 2020-04-16 journal: Molecules DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081834 sha: doc_id: 344175 cord_uid: e2m9o8c2 file: cache/cord-344117-lr6roxej.json key: cord-344117-lr6roxej authors: Vieira, Ana Luisa Silveira; Pazeli Júnior, José Muniz; Bastos, Marcus Gomes title: Role of point-of-care ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: our recommendations in the management of dialytic patients date: 2020-06-03 journal: Ultrasound J DOI: 10.1186/s13089-020-00177-4 sha: doc_id: 344117 cord_uid: lr6roxej file: cache/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.json key: cord-344135-pyibu6rj authors: Zuo, Peiyuan; Tong, Song; Yan, Qi; Cheng, Ling; Li, Yuanyuan; Song, Kaixin; Chen, Yuting; Dai, Yue; Gao, Hongyu; Zhang, Cuntai title: Decreased prealbumin level is associated with increased risk of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 journal: Nutrition DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110930 sha: doc_id: 344135 cord_uid: pyibu6rj file: cache/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.json key: cord-344264-7fkaj1h8 authors: Ding, Jinli; Liu, Yaou; Fu, Haihong; Gao, Jianbo; Zhao, Xin; Zheng, Junhui; Sun, Wenge; Ma, Xinwu; Feng, Ji; Liang, Pan; Wu, Aiqin; Liu, Jie; Wang, Yun; Geng, Pengfei; Chen, Yong; Li, Hongjun title: Experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19 in radiology department date: 2020-03-31 journal: Radiology of infectious diseases DOI: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.03.006 sha: doc_id: 344264 cord_uid: 7fkaj1h8 file: cache/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.json key: cord-344185-jz6ui4w3 authors: Aziz, Aleha; Ona, Samsiya; Martinez, Rebecca H.; Ring, Laurence E.; Baptiste, Caitlin; Syeda, Sbaa; Sheen, Jean- Ju; Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia; D'Alton, Mary E.; Goffman, Dena; Landau, Ruth; Valderrama, Natali E.; Moroz, Leslie title: Building an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Hospital and Selected Maternal-Fetal and Delivery Considerations date: 2020-07-24 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151298 sha: doc_id: 344185 cord_uid: jz6ui4w3 file: cache/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.json key: cord-344217-kci4uw7u authors: Majid, Sabhiya; Farooq, Rabia; Khan, Mosin S.; Rashid, Samia; Bhat, Showkat A.; Wani, Hilal A.; Qureshi, Waseem title: Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Research Strategies Based on the Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-25 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00457-z sha: doc_id: 344217 cord_uid: kci4uw7u file: cache/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.json key: cord-344162-8gbe6qo7 authors: Loomba, S.; de Figueiredo, A.; Piatek, S.; de Graaf, K.; Larson, H. J. title: Measuring the Impact of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccine Intent in the UK and US date: 2020-10-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217513 sha: doc_id: 344162 cord_uid: 8gbe6qo7 file: cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.json key: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 authors: Evans, Lauran K.; Shinagawa, Austin; Sutton, Sarah; Calvo, Lisa title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.313 sha: doc_id: 344262 cord_uid: 5yk1keg3 file: cache/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.json key: cord-344252-6g3zzj0o authors: Farooq, Junaid; Bazaz, Muhammad Abid title: A Novel Adaptive Deep Learning Model of Covid-19 with focus on mortality reduction strategies date: 2020-07-21 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110148 sha: doc_id: 344252 cord_uid: 6g3zzj0o file: cache/cord-344213-j3yextjl.json key: cord-344213-j3yextjl authors: Sze, Shirley; Pan, Daniel; Williams, Caroline M L; Barker, Joseph; Minhas, Jatinder S; Miller, Chris; Tang, Julian W; Squire, Iain B; Pareek, Manish title: The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long term care facilities date: 2020-09-19 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa206 sha: doc_id: 344213 cord_uid: j3yextjl file: cache/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.json key: cord-344284-dn9nlcgs authors: Xia, Wei; Shao, Jianbo; Guo, Yu; Peng, Xuehua; Li, Zhen; Hu, Daoyu title: Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults date: 2020-03-05 journal: Pediatr Pulmonol DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24718 sha: doc_id: 344284 cord_uid: dn9nlcgs file: cache/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.json key: cord-344291-i5wqlzif authors: Estalella, Gemma Martinez; Zabalegui, Adelaida; Guerra, Sonia Sevilla title: GESTIÓN Y LIDERAZGO DE LOS SERVICIOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL PLAN DE EMERGENCIA DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19: LA EXPERIENCIA DEL HOSPITAL CLÍNIC DE BARCELONA date: 2020-05-15 journal: Enferm Clin DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 344291 cord_uid: i5wqlzif file: cache/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.json key: cord-344246-sf9cymhc authors: Diriba, Kuma; Awulachew, Ephrem; Getu, Eyob title: The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 journal: Eur J Med Res DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w sha: doc_id: 344246 cord_uid: sf9cymhc file: cache/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.json key: cord-344204-qq2vqzc2 authors: Hariharan, Apurva; Hakeem, Abdul Rahman; Radhakrishnan, Subathra; Reddy, Mettu Srinivas; Rela, Mohamed title: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-07 journal: Inflammopharmacology DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00773-9 sha: doc_id: 344204 cord_uid: qq2vqzc2 file: cache/cord-344198-jaagi88b.json key: cord-344198-jaagi88b authors: Eimer, J.; Vesterbacka, J.; Svensson, A.‐K.; Stojanovic, B.; Wagrell, C.; Sönnerborg, A.; Nowak, P. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID‐19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-18 journal: J Intern Med DOI: 10.1111/joim.13162 sha: doc_id: 344198 cord_uid: jaagi88b file: cache/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.json key: cord-344302-p0v6sl9x authors: Gubitosa, James C; Xu, Phoenix; Ahmed, Ahmed; Pergament, Kathleen title: COVID-19-Associated Acute Limb Ischemia in a Patient on Therapeutic Anticoagulation date: 2020-09-25 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10655 sha: doc_id: 344302 cord_uid: p0v6sl9x file: cache/cord-344326-025ioy3r.json key: cord-344326-025ioy3r authors: Usman, AA; Han, J; Acker, A; Olia, S; Bermudez, C; Cucchiara, B; Mikkelsen, ME; Wald, J; Mackay, E; Szeto, W; Vernick, WJ; Gutsche, JT title: A Case Series of Devastating Intracranial Hemorrhage during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.063 sha: doc_id: 344326 cord_uid: 025ioy3r file: cache/cord-344270-874i31h8.json key: cord-344270-874i31h8 authors: Radke, Robert M; Frenzel, Tim; Baumgartner, Helmut; Diller, Gerhard-Paul title: Adult congenital heart disease and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317258 sha: doc_id: 344270 cord_uid: 874i31h8 file: cache/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.json key: cord-344295-gwbmsmbv authors: Jenei, Kristina; Cassidy-Mathews, Chenoa; Virk, Punit; Lulie, Bethel; Closson, Kalysha title: Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 journal: Can J Public Health DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00349-8 sha: doc_id: 344295 cord_uid: gwbmsmbv file: cache/cord-344308-ijrze203.json key: cord-344308-ijrze203 authors: Bezzerri, Valentino; Lucca, Francesca; Volpi, Sonia; Cipolli, Marco title: Does cystic fibrosis constitute an advantage in COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-10-06 journal: Ital J Pediatr DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00909-1 sha: doc_id: 344308 cord_uid: ijrze203 file: cache/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.json key: cord-344382-vge4ho2v authors: De Flora, Silvio; Balansky, Roumen; La Maestra, Sebastiano title: Rationale for the use of N‐acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: FASEB J DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001807 sha: doc_id: 344382 cord_uid: vge4ho2v file: cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.json key: cord-344498-mwgccbfo authors: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto; Sánchez-Fernández, Juan; Viedma-del-Jesús, María I. title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 sha: doc_id: 344498 cord_uid: mwgccbfo file: cache/cord-344503-gw5d721n.json key: cord-344503-gw5d721n authors: Yousefzadegan, Sedigheh; Rezaei, Nima title: Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers date: 2020-04-10 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0240 sha: doc_id: 344503 cord_uid: gw5d721n file: cache/cord-344400-2gzip67i.json key: cord-344400-2gzip67i authors: Zimmermann, M.; Benefield, A. E.; Althouse, B. M. title: They stumble that run fast: the economic and COVID-19 transmission impacts of reopening industries in the US date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 sha: doc_id: 344400 cord_uid: 2gzip67i file: cache/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.json key: cord-344445-slv7r9u7 authors: Vakharia, Kunal title: The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106467 sha: doc_id: 344445 cord_uid: slv7r9u7 file: cache/cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.json key: cord-344501-kc0q6k6j authors: Zhu, Yongjian; Xie, Jingui; Huang, Fengming; Cao, Liqing title: The mediating effect of air quality on the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in China date: 2020-07-09 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109911 sha: doc_id: 344501 cord_uid: kc0q6k6j file: cache/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.json key: cord-344357-ocyaqs1y authors: Fu, Yue-Qiang; Sun, Yue-Lin; Lu, Si-Wei; Yang, Yang; Wang, Yi; Xu, Feng title: Effect of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-30 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240751 sha: doc_id: 344357 cord_uid: ocyaqs1y file: cache/cord-344529-k6divntz.json key: cord-344529-k6divntz authors: Mburu, C. N.; Ojal, J.; Chebet, R.; Akech, D.; Karia, B.; Tuju, J.; Sigilai, A.; Abbas, K.; Jit, M.; Funk, S.; Smits, G.; van Gageldonk, P. G. M.; van der Klis, F. R. M.; Tabu, C.; Nokes, D. J.; LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group,; Scott, J. A.; Flasche, S.; Adetifa, I. M. O. title: The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-31 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181198 sha: doc_id: 344529 cord_uid: k6divntz file: cache/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.json key: cord-344361-amhc0ryh authors: Ruggiero, Giuseppe; Arcangeli, Fabio; Lotti, Torello; Ametrano, Orsola; Ruggiero, Cosimo; Cucchiara, Salvatore; Oliva, Salvatore title: Reply to: “Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak” date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.122 sha: doc_id: 344361 cord_uid: amhc0ryh file: cache/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.json key: cord-344375-pr6jlc5c authors: Emert, Roger; Shah, Payal; Zampella, John G. title: COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting date: 2020-05-23 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.031 sha: doc_id: 344375 cord_uid: pr6jlc5c file: cache/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.json key: cord-344581-h7ikjgic authors: Ong, David S.Y.; de Man, Stijn J.; Lindeboom, Fokke A.; Koeleman, Johannes G.M. title: Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the hospital date: 2020-06-02 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.028 sha: doc_id: 344581 cord_uid: h7ikjgic file: cache/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.json key: cord-344609-sjekuh4d authors: Devaraj, Anand title: Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06873-y sha: doc_id: 344609 cord_uid: sjekuh4d file: cache/cord-344508-a67vsux2.json key: cord-344508-a67vsux2 authors: Campanile, Fabio Cesare; Podda, Mauro; Arezzo, Alberto; Botteri, Emanuele; Sartori, Alberto; Guerrieri, Mario; Cassinotti, Elisa; Muttillo, Irnerio; Pisano, Marcello; Brachet Contul, Riccardo; D’Ambrosio, Giancarlo; Cuccurullo, Diego; Bergamini, Carlo; Allaix, Marco Ettore; Caracino, Valerio; Petz, Wanda Luisa; Milone, Marco; Silecchia, Gianfranco; Anania, Gabriele; Agrusa, Antonino; Di Saverio, Salomone; Casarano, Salvatore; Cicala, Caterina; Narilli, Piero; Federici, Sara; Carlini, Massimo; Paganini, Alessandro; Bianchi, Paolo Pietro; Salaj, Adelona; Mazzari, Andrea; Meniconi, Roberto Luca; Puzziello, Alessandro; Terrosu, Giovanni; De Simone, Belinda; Coccolini, Federico; Catena, Fausto; Agresta, Ferdinando title: Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement date: 2020-06-08 journal: World J Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1186/s13017-020-00317-0 sha: doc_id: 344508 cord_uid: a67vsux2 file: cache/cord-344647-jr85915d.json key: cord-344647-jr85915d authors: Joseph, Adrien; Zafrani, Lara; Mabrouki, Asma; Azoulay, Elie; Darmon, Michael title: Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-03 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00734-z sha: doc_id: 344647 cord_uid: jr85915d file: cache/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.json key: cord-344389-aj9q73f0 authors: Brosnahan, Shari B.; Bhatt, Alok; Berger, Jeffery S.; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Iturrate, Eduardo; Amoroso, Nancy E. title: COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalizations Followed by Re-presentation for Presumed Thrombotic Event date: 2020-06-23 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 344389 cord_uid: aj9q73f0 file: cache/cord-344404-whdxjef0.json key: cord-344404-whdxjef0 authors: Fatmi, Mahmudur Rahman title: COVID – 19 Impact on Urban Mobility date: 2020-08-14 journal: Journal of Urban Management DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 344404 cord_uid: whdxjef0 file: cache/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.json key: cord-344425-27q9x6hb authors: Mantica, Guglielmo; Riccardi, Niccolò; Terrone, Carlo; Gratarola, Angelo title: Reply to D.G. Barten et al “Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear” date: 2020-07-13 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.003 sha: doc_id: 344425 cord_uid: 27q9x6hb file: cache/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.json key: cord-344486-iu5flbcl authors: Chiotos, Kathleen; Hayes, Molly; Kimberlin, David W; Jones, Sarah B; James, Scott H; Pinninti, Swetha G; Yarbrough, April; Abzug, Mark J; MacBrayne, Christine E; Soma, Vijaya L; Dulek, Daniel E; Vora, Surabhi B; Waghmare, Alpana; Wolf, Joshua; Olivero, Rosemary; Grapentine, Steven; Wattier, Rachel L; Bio, Laura; Cross, Shane J; Dillman, Nicholas O; Downes, Kevin J; Oliveira, Carlos R; Timberlake, Kathryn; Young, Jennifer; Orscheln, Rachel C; Tamma, Pranita D; Schwenk, Hayden T; Zachariah, Philip; Aldrich, Margaret L; Goldman, David L; Groves, Helen E; Rajapakse, Nipunie S; Lamb, Gabriella S; Tribble, Alison C; Hersh, Adam L; Thorell, Emily A; Denison, Mark R; Ratner, Adam J; Newland, Jason G; Nakamura, Mari M title: Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-12 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa115 sha: doc_id: 344486 cord_uid: iu5flbcl file: cache/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.json key: cord-344709-5hy1e4t1 authors: Patel, Brijesh V.; Arachchillage, Deepa J.; Ridge, Carole A.; Bianchi, Paolo; Doyle, James F.; Garfield, Benjamin; Ledot, Stephane; Morgan, Cliff; Passariello, Maurizio; Price, Susanna; Singh, Suveer; Thakuria, Louit; Trenfield, Sarah; Trimlett, Richard; Weaver, Christine; Wort, S. John; Xu, Tina; Padley, Simon P. G.; Devaraj, Anand title: Pulmonary Angiopathy in Severe COVID-19: Physiologic, Imaging, and Hematologic Observations date: 2020-09-01 journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1412oc sha: doc_id: 344709 cord_uid: 5hy1e4t1 file: cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.json key: cord-344553-uya1j94u authors: Bodova, K.; Boza, V.; Brejova, B.; Kollar, R.; Mikusova, K.; Vinar, T. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087809 sha: doc_id: 344553 cord_uid: uya1j94u file: cache/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.json key: cord-344682-4vpm7m1h authors: Ellison, E Christopher; Spanknebel, Kathryn; Stain, Steven C.; Shabahang, Mohsen M.; Mathews, Jeffrey B.; Debas, Haile T.; Nagler, Alisa; Blair, Patrice Gabler; Eberlein, Timothy J.; Farmer, Diana L.; Sloane, Richard; Britt, L.D.; Sachdeva, Ajit K. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators date: 2020-09-12 journal: J Am Coll Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.08.766 sha: doc_id: 344682 cord_uid: 4vpm7m1h file: cache/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.json key: cord-344572-90gqyn1q authors: Lee, Whanhee; Hwang, Seung-Sik; Song, Insung; Park, Chaerin; Kim, Honghyok; Song, In-Kyung; Choi, Hayon Michelle; Prifti, Kristi; Kwon, Younggyu; Kim, Jeongheon; Oh, Seuk; Yang, Juyeon; Cha, Mirae; Kim, Yoonhee; Bell, Michelle L; Kim, Ho title: COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase date: 2020-08-04 journal: Int J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa119 sha: doc_id: 344572 cord_uid: 90gqyn1q file: cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.json key: cord-344705-co0nk7pt authors: Eichler, Hans‐Georg; Cavaleri, Marco; Enzmann, Harald; Scotti, Francesca; Sepodes, Bruno; Sweeney, Fergus; Vamvakas, Spiros; Rasi, Guido title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1891 sha: doc_id: 344705 cord_uid: co0nk7pt file: cache/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.json key: cord-344714-0cam9ipf authors: Russo, Maria; Moccia, Stefania; Spagnuolo, Carmela; Tedesco, Idolo; Russo, Gian Luigi title: Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection date: 2020-07-28 journal: Chem Biol Interact DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109211 sha: doc_id: 344714 cord_uid: 0cam9ipf file: cache/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.json key: cord-344813-dlpn3l0j authors: Chen, Cheng‐Ren; Huang, Hui‐Chun; Huang, Hsiu‐Chen; Chen, Wei title: Preparing for COVID‐19: The experiences of a long‐term care facility in Taiwan date: 2020-07-21 journal: Geriatr Gerontol Int DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13943 sha: doc_id: 344813 cord_uid: dlpn3l0j file: cache/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.json key: cord-344715-i7qxe40b authors: Entress, Rebecca; Tyler, Jenna; Sadiq, Abdul‐Akeem title: Managing Mass Fatalities during COVID‐19: Lessons for Promoting Community Resilience During Global Pandemics date: 2020-05-19 journal: Public Adm Rev DOI: 10.1111/puar.13232 sha: doc_id: 344715 cord_uid: i7qxe40b file: cache/cord-344693-znw3dru4.json key: cord-344693-znw3dru4 authors: Lima, Brian; Gibson, Gregory T.; Vullaganti, Sirish; Malhame, Kathryn; Maybaum, Simon; Hussain, Syed T.; Shah, Samit; Majure, David T.; Wallach, Fran; Jang, Kristine; Bijol, Vanesa; Esposito, Michael J.; Williamson, Alex K.; Thomas, Rebecca M.; Bhuiya, Tawfiqul A.; Fernandez, Harold A.; Stevens, Gerin R. title: COVID‐19 in recent heart transplant recipients: Clinicopathologic features and early outcomes date: 2020-07-08 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13382 sha: doc_id: 344693 cord_uid: znw3dru4 file: cache/cord-344658-4z2697q6.json key: cord-344658-4z2697q6 authors: Hutasoit, Novana; Kennedy, Byron; Hamilton, Stephanie; Luttick, Angela; Abdul Rahman Rashid, Rizwan; Palanisamy, Suresh title: Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology date: 2020-08-29 journal: Manuf Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.08.007 sha: doc_id: 344658 cord_uid: 4z2697q6 file: cache/cord-344729-sjjedgws.json key: cord-344729-sjjedgws authors: Bhaskar, Sonu; Sharma, Divyansh; Walker, Antony H.; McDonald, Mark; Huasen, Bella; Haridas, Abilash; Mahata, Manoj Kumar; Jabbour, Pascal title: Acute Neurological Care in the COVID-19 Era: The Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium Pathway date: 2020-05-29 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00579 sha: doc_id: 344729 cord_uid: sjjedgws file: cache/cord-344653-to7571tw.json key: cord-344653-to7571tw authors: Whatley, Mary C.; Siegel, Alexander L. M.; Schwartz, Shawn T.; Silaj, Katie M.; Castel, Alan D. title: Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Gerontol Geriatr Med DOI: 10.1177/2333721420960259 sha: doc_id: 344653 cord_uid: to7571tw file: cache/cord-344566-r75o7ips.json key: cord-344566-r75o7ips authors: Temiz, Selami Aykut; Dursun, Recep; Daye, Munise; Ataseven, Arzu title: Evaluation Of Dermatology Consultations In The Era Of COVID19 date: 2020-05-22 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13642 sha: doc_id: 344566 cord_uid: r75o7ips file: cache/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.json key: cord-344939-rgxqobfw authors: Ng, C. W. Q.; Tseng, M.; Lim, J. S. J.; Chan, C. W. title: Maintaining breast cancer care in the face of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Br J Surg DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11835 sha: doc_id: 344939 cord_uid: rgxqobfw file: cache/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.json key: cord-344778-2p1mm3vg authors: Gasparri, Maria Luisa; Gentilini, Oreste Davide; Lueftner, Diana; Kuehn, Thorsten; Kaidar-Person, Orit; Poortmans, Philip title: Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: an international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST) date: 2020-05-29 journal: Breast DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 344778 cord_uid: 2p1mm3vg file: cache/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.json key: cord-344909-0o55l4iy authors: Cross, Robert W.; Prasad, Abhishek N.; Borisevich, Viktoriya; Woolsey, Courtney; Agans, Krystle N.; Deer, Daniel J.; Dobias, Natalie S.; Geisbert, Joan B.; Fenton, Karla A.; Geisbert, Thomas W. title: Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates date: 2020-10-14 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.340091 sha: doc_id: 344909 cord_uid: 0o55l4iy file: cache/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.json key: cord-344911-pw0ghz3m authors: July, Julius; Pranata, Raymond title: Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care date: 2020-07-22 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105185 sha: doc_id: 344911 cord_uid: pw0ghz3m file: cache/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.json key: cord-344829-adlp2rjy authors: de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Carlos; Dietrich, W. Dalton; Keane, Robert W.; de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo title: The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583373 sha: doc_id: 344829 cord_uid: adlp2rjy file: cache/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.json key: cord-344750-b9tndbg1 authors: Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian; Varghese, Nirosha Elsem; Sabat, Iryna; Barros, Pedro Pita; Brouwer, Werner; van Exel, Job; Schreyögg, Jonas; Stargardt, Tom title: Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 journal: Eur J Health Econ DOI: 10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6 sha: doc_id: 344750 cord_uid: b9tndbg1 file: cache/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.json key: cord-344948-cve3mqd8 authors: Adhikari, Jagannath; Timsina, Jagadish; Khadka, Sarba Raj; Ghale, Yamuna; Ojha, Hemant title: COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs date: 2020-11-07 journal: Agric Syst DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102990 sha: doc_id: 344948 cord_uid: cve3mqd8 file: cache/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.json key: cord-344949-9zyz4hll authors: Luban, Jeremy; Sattler, Rachel; Mühlberger, Elke; Graci, Jason D.; Cao, Liangxian; Weetall, Marla; Trotta, Christopher; Colacino, Joseph M.; Bavari, Sina; Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina; Suder, Ellen L.; Wang, Yetao; Soloveva, Veronica; Cintron-Lue, Katherine; Naryshkin, Nikolai A.; Pykett, Mark; Welch, Ellen M.; O’Keefe, Kylie; Kong, Ronald; Goodwin, Elizabeth; Jacobson, Allan; Paessler, Slobodan; Peltz, Stuart title: The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines date: 2020-08-05 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.05.238394 sha: doc_id: 344949 cord_uid: 9zyz4hll file: cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.json key: cord-344688-uu3b529c authors: Song, Xue-Jun; Xiong, Dong-Lin; Wang, Zhe-Yin; Yang, Dong; Zhou, Ling; Li, Rong-Chun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 journal: Pain Med DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa143 sha: doc_id: 344688 cord_uid: uu3b529c file: cache/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.json key: cord-344817-8xz7xbh1 authors: Hens, Niel; Vranck, Pascal; Molenberghs, Geert title: The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-30 journal: Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care DOI: 10.1177/2048872620924922 sha: doc_id: 344817 cord_uid: 8xz7xbh1 file: cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.json key: cord-344985-3mu9rrql authors: Fakhruddin, Bapon; Blanchard, Kevin; Ragupathy, Durga title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102 sha: doc_id: 344985 cord_uid: 3mu9rrql file: cache/cord-344978-m672rnze.json key: cord-344978-m672rnze authors: Chen, Yuntian; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Yuwei; Zhang, Na; Zhao, Shuang; Zeng, Hanjiang; Deng, Wen; Huang, Zixing; Liu, Sanyuan; Song, Bin title: A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-06 journal: Int J Med Sci DOI: 10.7150/ijms.48432 sha: doc_id: 344978 cord_uid: m672rnze file: cache/cord-344824-myaiilra.json key: cord-344824-myaiilra authors: Sha, D.; Miao, X.; Lan, H.; Stewart, K.; Ruan, S.; Tian, Y.; Yang, C. title: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 sha: doc_id: 344824 cord_uid: myaiilra file: cache/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.json key: cord-344853-s2p2csrx authors: Hendren, Nicholas S.; Drazner, Mark H.; Bozkurt, Biykem; Cooper, Leslie T. title: Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome date: 2020-04-16 journal: Circulation DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047349 sha: doc_id: 344853 cord_uid: s2p2csrx file: cache/cord-345067-kummh0g7.json key: cord-345067-kummh0g7 authors: Nachega, Jean B.; Leisegang, Rory; Kallay, Oscar; Mills, Edward J.; Zumla, Alimuddin; Lester, Richard T. title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? date: 2020-05-29 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0506 sha: doc_id: 345067 cord_uid: kummh0g7 file: cache/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.json key: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi authors: Fecchi, Katia; Anticoli, Simona; Peruzzu, Daniela; Iessi, Elisabetta; Gagliardi, Maria Cristina; Matarrese, Paola; Ruggieri, Anna title: Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets date: 2020-08-11 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01821 sha: doc_id: 344970 cord_uid: ud1lhkyi file: cache/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.json key: cord-345083-f2jzho3i authors: Gachohi, John; Aduda, Jane; Thuo, Reuben; Mung'atu, Joseph; Wamunyokoli, Fred; Ngigi, Thomas; Athiany, Henry; Kikuvi, Gideon; Mambo, Susan; Gichaiya, Wairimu; Matheri, Joseph; Mburugu, Patrick; Simba, Justus; Otiwa, Carol; Muriuki, Charles; Mwaura, Joshua; Yariwo, May; Kariuki, Beatrice; Machua, Joseph; Mwangi, Catherine; Amoth, Patrick; Aman, Rashid; Kamau, Onesmus; Muthoka, Kennedy; Otieno, Jacob; Mwele, Pascal; Nzioka, Rose; Karanja, Simon title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa date: 2020-10-24 journal: Glob Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100039 sha: doc_id: 345083 cord_uid: f2jzho3i file: cache/cord-345065-5520ckdr.json key: cord-345065-5520ckdr authors: Maalouf, Fadi T.; Medawar, Bernadette; Meho, Lokman I.; Akl, Elie A. title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis date: 2020-10-28 journal: J Psychiatr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.018 sha: doc_id: 345065 cord_uid: 5520ckdr file: cache/cord-344986-nknt413b.json key: cord-344986-nknt413b authors: Heymann, D L; Wilder-Smith, Annelies title: Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19? date: 2020-05-30 journal: J Travel Med DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa090 sha: doc_id: 344986 cord_uid: nknt413b file: cache/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.json key: cord-345040-cuau2dcy authors: Alom, Samiha; Haiduc, Ana Alina; Melamed, Naomi; Axiaq, Ariana; Harky, Amer title: Use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients: Does the evidence suffice? date: 2020-07-30 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.070 sha: doc_id: 345040 cord_uid: cuau2dcy file: cache/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.json key: cord-345114-b06uz0sj authors: Klinger, Danielle; Blass, Ido; Rappoport, Nadav; Linial, Michal title: Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis date: 2020-07-11 journal: Vaccines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030378 sha: doc_id: 345114 cord_uid: b06uz0sj file: cache/cord-345059-t6hojshj.json key: cord-345059-t6hojshj authors: Bayoumy, A. B.; de Boer, N. K. H.; Ansari, A. R.; Crouwel, F.; Mulder, C. J. J. title: Unrealized potential of drug repositioning in europe during COVID-19 and beyond: a physcian’s perspective date: 2020-07-17 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00249-9 sha: doc_id: 345059 cord_uid: t6hojshj file: cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.json key: cord-345064-it26ygo6 authors: Lotzin, Annett; Acquarini, Elena; Ajdukovic, Dean; Ardino, Vittoria; Böttche, Maria; Bondjers, Kristina; Bragesjö, Maria; Dragan, Małgorzata; Grajewski, Piotr; Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida; Gelezelyte, Odeta; Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; Knefel, Matthias; Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte; Makhashvili, Nino; Mooren, Trudy; Sales, Luisa; Stevanovic, Aleksandra; Schäfer, Ingo title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 journal: European journal of psychotraumatology DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 sha: doc_id: 345064 cord_uid: it26ygo6 file: cache/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.json key: cord-345198-avnxgwwj authors: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad; Janati, Ali title: Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share date: 2020-05-19 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209806 sha: doc_id: 345198 cord_uid: avnxgwwj file: cache/cord-345125-s96xufes.json key: cord-345125-s96xufes authors: McCloskey, Brian; Zumla, Alimuddin; Ippolito, Giuseppe; Blumberg, Lucille; Arbon, Paul; Cicero, Anita; Endericks, Tina; Lim, Poh Lian; Borodina, Maya title: Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma date: 2020-03-20 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30681-4 sha: doc_id: 345125 cord_uid: s96xufes file: cache/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.json key: cord-345191-nabxpyw3 authors: Bell, Sadie; Clarke, Richard; Mounier-Jack, Sandra; Walker, Jemma L; Paterson, Pauline title: Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England date: 2020-10-19 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.027 sha: doc_id: 345191 cord_uid: nabxpyw3 file: cache/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.json key: cord-345092-1ztfcpsb authors: Iwasaki, Masae; Saito, Junichi; Zhao, Hailin; Sakamoto, Atsuhiro; Hirota, Kazuyoshi; Ma, Daqing title: Inflammation Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Augment Drives Multiple Organ Failure of Severe COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications date: 2020-10-08 journal: Inflammation DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01337-3 sha: doc_id: 345092 cord_uid: 1ztfcpsb file: cache/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.json key: cord-345225-2s5xd1oc authors: Soares, F.; Villavicencio, A.; Anzanello, M. J.; Fogliatto, F. S.; Idiart, M.; Stevenson, M. title: A novel high specificity COVID-19 screening method based on simple blood exams and artificial intelligence date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061036 sha: doc_id: 345225 cord_uid: 2s5xd1oc file: cache/cord-345108-gtp36snr.json key: cord-345108-gtp36snr authors: Al-Ani, Raid M.; Acharya, Debashis title: Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar date: 2020-08-19 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02064-9 sha: doc_id: 345108 cord_uid: gtp36snr file: cache/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.json key: cord-345304-n74m5ucs authors: Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi; da Silva, Clovis Artur Almeida title: THE CHALLENGING AND UNPREDICTABLE SPECTRUM OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS date: 2020-09-07 journal: Rev Paul Pediatr DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020192 sha: doc_id: 345304 cord_uid: n74m5ucs file: cache/cord-345139-gyvlikye.json key: cord-345139-gyvlikye authors: Izquierdo-Domínguez, Adriana; Rojas-Lechuga, María Jesús; Mullol, Joaquim; Alobid, Isam title: Pérdida del sentido del olfato durante la pandemia COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 345139 cord_uid: gyvlikye file: cache/cord-345329-195cqp6s.json key: cord-345329-195cqp6s authors: Heymann, Eric P; Exadaktylos, Aristomenis title: How the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the importance of emergency medicine, and its vital role as a pillar of the healthcare system date: 2020-05-23 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209735 sha: doc_id: 345329 cord_uid: 195cqp6s file: cache/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.json key: cord-345356-gn1iwis0 authors: Glebov, Oleg O. title: Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis for COVID‐19 drug repurposing date: 2020-06-02 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.15369 sha: doc_id: 345356 cord_uid: gn1iwis0 file: cache/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.json key: cord-345342-04tvuj9f authors: Kumar, Rebecca N.; Tanna, Sajal D.; Shetty, Aneesha A.; Stosor, Valentina title: COVID‐19 in an HIV‐positive Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-05-26 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13338 sha: doc_id: 345342 cord_uid: 04tvuj9f file: cache/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.json key: cord-345298-1hdk14xg authors: Massari, Francesco; Mollica, Veronica; Salvagni, Stefania; Tognetto, Michele; Ardizzoni, Andrea title: Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients’ care date: 2020-05-14 journal: Future oncology DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0364 sha: doc_id: 345298 cord_uid: 1hdk14xg file: cache/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.json key: cord-345338-pf4tsh3v authors: Shaw, Brian; Daskareh, Mahyar; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali title: The lingering manifestations of COVID-19 during and after convalescence: update on long-term pulmonary consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-01 journal: Radiol Med DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01295-8 sha: doc_id: 345338 cord_uid: pf4tsh3v file: cache/cord-345267-u24g6607.json key: cord-345267-u24g6607 authors: Lang, Frederick M.; Lee, Kevin M.-C.; Teijaro, John R.; Becher, Burkhard; Hamilton, John A. title: GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches date: 2020-06-23 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0357-7 sha: doc_id: 345267 cord_uid: u24g6607 file: cache/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.json key: cord-345180-i4syz2t1 authors: He, M.; Fang, K.; Feifei, Z.; Ou, T.; Chen, D. title: A delayed modulation of solar radiation on the COVID-19 transmission reflects an incubation period date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20183111 sha: doc_id: 345180 cord_uid: i4syz2t1 file: cache/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.json key: cord-345288-qyz83xx2 authors: Pata, Francesco; Bondurri, Andrea; Ferrara, Francesco; Parini, Dario; Rizzo, Gianluca title: Enteral stoma care during COVID‐19 pandemic: practical advice date: 2020-07-21 journal: Colorectal Dis DOI: 10.1111/codi.15279 sha: doc_id: 345288 cord_uid: qyz83xx2 file: cache/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.json key: cord-345184-0otbz5xo authors: Mamani, Percy G Ruiz; Morales-García, Wilter C; White, Michael; Marquez-Ruiz, Mayte S title: Propiedades de una escala de preocupación por el COVID-19: Análisis exploratorio en una muestra peruana date: 2020-07-09 journal: Med Clin (Barc) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.022 sha: doc_id: 345184 cord_uid: 0otbz5xo file: cache/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.json key: cord-345444-j2hgzrtm authors: Magoon, Rohan; Ohri, Ruchi title: Compounded research challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 345444 cord_uid: j2hgzrtm file: cache/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.json key: cord-345204-ch0e6lzl authors: Scarlata, S.; Yerramilli, V. S. title: Design Of A Rapid And Reversible Fluorescence Assay To Detect COVID-19 And Other Pathogens date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20196113 sha: doc_id: 345204 cord_uid: ch0e6lzl file: cache/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.json key: cord-345315-y3bdjnhg authors: Dai, Yaoyao; Wang, Jianming title: Identifying the outbreak signal of COVID-19 before the response of the traditional disease monitoring system date: 2020-10-01 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008758 sha: doc_id: 345315 cord_uid: y3bdjnhg file: cache/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.json key: cord-345358-b9u1l3sz authors: Jacobs, Jeffrey; Clark-Snustad, Kindra; Lee, Scott title: Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib date: 2020-04-28 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa093 sha: doc_id: 345358 cord_uid: b9u1l3sz file: cache/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.json key: cord-345360-wlzgq7f9 authors: Yan, Alice F.; Sun, Xiaomin; Zheng, Jinge; Mi, Baibing; Zuo, Hui; Ruan, Guorui; Hussain, Akhtar; Wang, Youfa; Shi, Zumin title: Perceived Risk, Behavior Changes and Health-related Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings among Adults with and without Diabetes in China date: 2020-07-22 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108350 sha: doc_id: 345360 cord_uid: wlzgq7f9 file: cache/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.json key: cord-345466-sjryzsqh authors: Meng, Xianchun; Liu, Yuying title: Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit date: 2020-10-20 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020203792 sha: doc_id: 345466 cord_uid: sjryzsqh file: cache/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.json key: cord-345476-k8r14wi1 authors: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan; Kurniawan, Andree title: Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-07-29 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.044 sha: doc_id: 345476 cord_uid: k8r14wi1 file: cache/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.json key: cord-345464-9cnbco2i authors: Kwiatkowski, S.; Borowski, D.; Kajdy, A.; Poon, L. C.; Rokita, W.; Wielgos, M. title: Why we should not stop giving aspirin to pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 journal: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1002/uog.22049 sha: doc_id: 345464 cord_uid: 9cnbco2i file: cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.json key: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 authors: Grabia, Monika; Markiewicz-Żukowska, Renata; Puścion-Jakubik, Anna; Bielecka, Joanna; Nowakowski, Patryk; Gromkowska-Kępka, Krystyna; Mielcarek, Konrad; Socha, Katarzyna title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12103013 sha: doc_id: 345373 cord_uid: ulsz1d85 file: cache/cord-345510-togrmvlk.json key: cord-345510-togrmvlk authors: Kinney, Brad; Slama, Richard title: Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.080 sha: doc_id: 345510 cord_uid: togrmvlk file: cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.json key: cord-345371-pjbviagq authors: Lisi, Lucia; Lacal, Pedro Miguel; Barbaccia, Maria Luisa; Graziani, Grazia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Biochem Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114169 sha: doc_id: 345371 cord_uid: pjbviagq file: cache/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.json key: cord-345432-nyklmyw0 authors: Dong, Zai-Quan; Ma, Jing; Hao, Yan-Ni; Shen, Xiao-Ling; Liu, Fang; Gao, Yuan; Zhang, Lan title: The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-01 journal: European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59 sha: doc_id: 345432 cord_uid: nyklmyw0 file: cache/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.json key: cord-345528-rk16pt0i authors: Yasar, Y.; Karli, B. T.; Coteli, C.; Coteli, M. B. title: MantisCOVID: Rapid X-Ray Chest Radiograph and Mortality Rate Evaluation With Artificial Intelligence For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20090779 sha: doc_id: 345528 cord_uid: rk16pt0i file: cache/cord-345557-680k32a6.json key: cord-345557-680k32a6 authors: Norbash, Alexander M.; Van Moore, Arl; Recht, Michael P.; Brink, James A.; Hess, Christopher P.; Won, Jay J.; Jain, Sonia; Sun, Xiaoying; Brown, Manuel; Enzmann, Dieter title: Early-Stage Radiology Volume Effects and Considerations with the COVID-19 Pandemic; Adaptations, Risks, and Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 345557 cord_uid: 680k32a6 file: cache/cord-345381-9cckppk2.json key: cord-345381-9cckppk2 authors: Klimek, Ludger; Pfaar, Oliver; Worm, Margitta; Eiwegger, Thomas; Hagemann, Jan; Ollert, Markus; Untersmayr, Eva; Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin; Vultaggio, Alessandra; Agache, Ioana; Bavbek, Sevim; Bossios, Apostolos; Casper, Ingrid; Chan, Susan; Chatzipetrou, Alexia; Vogelberg, Christian; Firinu, Davide; Kauppi, Paula; Kolios, Antonios; Kothari, Akash; Matucci, Andrea; Palomares, Oscar; Szépfalusi, Zsolt; Pohl, Wolfgang; Hötzenecker, Wolfram; Rosenkranz, Alexander R.; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bieber, Thomas; Buhl, Roland; Buters, Jeroen; Darsow, Ulf; Keil, Thomas; Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg; Lau, Susanne; Maurer, Marcus; Merk, Hans; Mösges, Ralph; Saloga, Joachim; Staubach, Petra; Jappe, Uta; Rabe, Klaus F.; Rabe, Uta; Vogelmeier, Claus; Biedermann, Tilo; Jung, Kirsten; Schlenter, Wolfgang; Ring, Johannes; Chaker, Adam; Wehrmann, Wolfgang; Becker, Sven; Freudelsperger, Laura; Mülleneisen, Norbert; Nemat, Katja; Czech, Wolfgang; Wrede, Holger; Brehler, Randolf; Fuchs, Thomas; Tomazic, Peter-Valentin; Aberer, Werner; Fink-Wagner, Antje-Henriette; Horak, Fritz; Wöhrl, Stefan; Niederberger-Leppin, Verena; Pali-Schöll, Isabella; Pohl, Wolfgang; Roller-Wirnsberger, Regina; Spranger, Otto; Valenta, Rudolf; Akdis, Mübecell; Matricardi, Paolo M.; Spertini, François; Khaltaev, Nicolai; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Nicod, Larent; Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter; Idzko, Marco; Hamelmann, Eckard; Jakob, Thilo; Werfel, Thomas; Wagenmann, Martin; Taube, Christian; Jensen-Jarolim, Erika; Korn, Stephanie; Hentges, Francois; Schwarze, Jürgen; O´Mahony, Liam; Knol, Edward F.; del Giacco, Stefano; Chivato Pérez, Tomás; Bousquet, Jean; Bedbrook, Anna; Zuberbier, Torsten; Akdis, Cezmi; Jutel, Marek title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-09-07 journal: Allergol Select DOI: 10.5414/alx02166e sha: doc_id: 345381 cord_uid: 9cckppk2 file: cache/cord-345611-xv62h83a.json key: cord-345611-xv62h83a authors: Cavalcanti, A. B.; Zampieri, F. G.; Azevedo, L. C.; Rosa, R. G.; Avezum, A.; Veiga, V. C.; Lopes, R. D.; Kawano-Dourado, L.; Damiani, L. P.; Pereira, A. J.; Serpa Neto, A.; Furtado, R.; Tomazini, B.; Bozza, F. A.; Maia, I. S.; Falavigna, M.; Lisboa, T. C.; Fonseca, H.; Machado, F. R.; Berwanger, O.; Investigators, COALITION COVID-19 Brazil I title: Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin to prevent major clinical events in hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rationale and design of a randomised, controlled clinical trial date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106997 sha: doc_id: 345611 cord_uid: xv62h83a file: cache/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.json key: cord-345628-a4c46m2w authors: Unudurthi, Sathya D.; Luthra, Priya; Bose, Rajendran J.C.; McCarthy, Jason; Kontaridis, Maria Irene title: Cardiac inflammation in COVID-19: Lessons from heart failure date: 2020-09-21 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118482 sha: doc_id: 345628 cord_uid: a4c46m2w file: cache/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.json key: cord-345637-eg8kuewb authors: Joob, B.; Wiwanitkit, V. title: Lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspicion of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-01 journal: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1002/uog.22091 sha: doc_id: 345637 cord_uid: eg8kuewb file: cache/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.json key: cord-345610-rx1zmajl authors: Boggs, Steven D. title: Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People’s Energy as Key Variable date: 2020-04-22 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004892 sha: doc_id: 345610 cord_uid: rx1zmajl file: cache/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.json key: cord-345480-w5zxzpj7 authors: SHI, C.; WANG, C.; WANG, H.; YANG, C.; CAI, F.; ZENG, F.; CHENG, F.; LIU, Y.; ZHOU, T.; DENG, B.; LI, J.; ZHANG, Y. title: Clinical observations of low molecular weight heparin in relieving inflammation in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-04-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.28.20046144 sha: doc_id: 345480 cord_uid: w5zxzpj7 file: cache/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.json key: cord-345655-fb4vv4my authors: Islam, M. Z.; Riaz, B. K.; Islam, A. N. M. S.; Khanam, F.; Akhter, J.; Choudhury, R.; Farhana, N.; Jahan, N. A.; Uddin, M. J.; Efa, S. S. title: Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh date: 2020-10-29 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002630 sha: doc_id: 345655 cord_uid: fb4vv4my file: cache/cord-345680-10phij1x.json key: cord-345680-10phij1x authors: Terpos, Evangelos; Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, Ioannis; Elalamy, Ismail; Kastritis, Efstathios; Sergentanis, Theodoros N.; Politou, Marianna; Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Gerotziafas, Grigoris; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. title: Hematological findings and complications of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Am J Hematol DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25829 sha: doc_id: 345680 cord_uid: 10phij1x file: cache/cord-345762-khvcoqti.json key: cord-345762-khvcoqti authors: Scott, Ian A. title: COVID‐19 pandemic and the tension between the need to act and the need to know date: 2020-08-06 journal: Intern Med J DOI: 10.1111/imj.14929 sha: doc_id: 345762 cord_uid: khvcoqti file: cache/cord-345730-bxwsup70.json key: cord-345730-bxwsup70 authors: Kočar, Eva; Režen, Tadeja; Rozman, Damjana title: Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and COVID-19: basic concepts and clinical applications date: 2020-11-04 journal: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158849 sha: doc_id: 345730 cord_uid: bxwsup70 file: cache/cord-345745-t36jbg14.json key: cord-345745-t36jbg14 authors: Murashita, Takashi title: Commentary: The Era of Great Uncertainty date: 2020-06-27 journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.054 sha: doc_id: 345745 cord_uid: t36jbg14 file: cache/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.json key: cord-345674-wkwqlnz2 authors: Kobayashi, Jun; Murata, Isamu title: Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-05-20 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00681-9 sha: doc_id: 345674 cord_uid: wkwqlnz2 file: cache/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.json key: cord-345737-b4r0jyjo authors: Phillips, Dominique; Paul, Gillian; Fahy, Majella; Dowling-Hetherington, Linda; Kroll, Thilo; Moloney, Breda; Duffy, Clare; Fealy, Gerard; Lafferty, Attracta title: The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline date: 2020-05-15 journal: HRB Open Res DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13059.1 sha: doc_id: 345737 cord_uid: b4r0jyjo file: cache/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.json key: cord-345725-8ijgmbmr authors: Shang, Jingjing; Chastain, Ashley M.; Perera, Uduwanage Gayani E.; Quigley, Denise D.; Fu, Caroline J.; Dick, Andrew W.; Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Monika; Stone, Patricia W. title: COVID-19 Preparedness in U.S. Home Healthcare Agencies date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 345725 cord_uid: 8ijgmbmr file: cache/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.json key: cord-345858-xedkxkz4 authors: Ge, Y.; Zhang, W.; Wang, J.; Liu, M.; Ren, Z.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, C.; Tian, Z. title: Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study date: 2020-06-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20140418 sha: doc_id: 345858 cord_uid: xedkxkz4 file: cache/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.json key: cord-345841-pq5f82gf authors: PATBERG, Elizabeth T.; ADAMS, Tracy; REKAWEK, Patricia; VAHANIAN, Sevan A.; AKERMAN, Meredith; HERNANDEZ, Andrea; RAPKIEWICZ, Amy V.; RAGOLIA, Louis; SICURANZA, Genevieve; CHAVEZ, Martin R.; VINTZILEOS, Anthony M.; KHULLAR, Poonam title: COVID-19 Infection and Placental Histopathology in Women Delivering at Term date: 2020-10-19 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.020 sha: doc_id: 345841 cord_uid: pq5f82gf file: cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.json key: cord-345834-l2e5v39s authors: Anacleto, M.A.; Brito, F.A.; de Queiroz, A.R.; Passos, E.; Santos, J.R.L. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 journal: Physica A DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 sha: doc_id: 345834 cord_uid: l2e5v39s file: cache/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.json key: cord-345686-zy3sulbi authors: Kow, Chia Siang; Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Revascularization strategy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-04 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.07.041 sha: doc_id: 345686 cord_uid: zy3sulbi file: cache/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.json key: cord-345632-iha2c5zo authors: Hamdy, Sherif M; Abdel-Naseer, Maged; Shehata, Hatem S; Shalaby, Nevin M; Hassan, Amr; Elmazny, Alaa; Shaker, Ehab; Nada, Mona A F; Ahmed, Sandra M; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Mourad, Husam S; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Magdy, Rehab; Othman, Alshimaa S; Mekkawy, Doaa A; Kishk, Nirmeen A title: Management Strategies of Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-08-17 journal: Ther Clin Risk Manag DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s261753 sha: doc_id: 345632 cord_uid: iha2c5zo file: cache/cord-345860-d02x3151.json key: cord-345860-d02x3151 authors: Thome, Johannes; Coogan, Andrew N.; Simon, Frederick; Fischer, Matthias; Tucha, Oliver; Faltraco, Frank; Marazziti, Donatella; Butzer, Hermann title: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients date: 2020-05-29 journal: Eur Psychiatry DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.58 sha: doc_id: 345860 cord_uid: d02x3151 file: cache/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.json key: cord-345887-ymo4mxx7 authors: Pinky; Gupta, Suchi; Krishnakumar, Vishnu; Sharma, Yashvi; Dinda, Amit Kumar; Mohanty, Sujata title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: Stem Cell Rev Rep DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10002-z sha: doc_id: 345887 cord_uid: ymo4mxx7 file: cache/cord-345910-o78scael.json key: cord-345910-o78scael authors: Conejero, Ismaël; Berrouiguet, Sofian; Ducasse, Deborah; Leboyer, Marion; Jardon, Vincent; Olié, Emilie; Courtet, Philippe title: Épidémie de COVID-19 et prise en charge des conduites suicidaires: challenge et perspectives date: 2020-05-08 journal: Encephale DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 345910 cord_uid: o78scael file: cache/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.json key: cord-345708-hlnjzunb authors: Mahendran, Krishantini; Yogarajah, Sangeetha; Herbert, Cameron; Nayee, Shalini; Ormond, Martyn title: COVID‐19 and Postgraduate Dental Training—A commentary date: 2020-09-29 journal: Eur J Dent Educ DOI: 10.1111/eje.12600 sha: doc_id: 345708 cord_uid: hlnjzunb file: cache/cord-345866-wy07gd17.json key: cord-345866-wy07gd17 authors: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi; Alizargar, Javad; Hsieh, Nan-Chen; Wu, Shu-Fang Vivienne title: Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Formos Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 345866 cord_uid: wy07gd17 file: cache/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.json key: cord-345681-sj0ypr2c authors: Parks, Courtney A; Nugent, Nadine Budd; Fleischhacker, Sheila E; Yaroch, Amy L title: Food System Workers are the Unexpected but Under Protected COVID Heroes date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Nutr DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa173 sha: doc_id: 345681 cord_uid: sj0ypr2c file: cache/cord-345937-ddwzr112.json key: cord-345937-ddwzr112 authors: Mishra, Ajay Kumar; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Sargent, Jennifer title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19 date: 2020-04-14 journal: QJM DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa127 sha: doc_id: 345937 cord_uid: ddwzr112 file: cache/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.json key: cord-346019-nxn4sfzw authors: Morollón, Noemí; Belvís, Robert; Dios, Anna De; Pagès, Neus; González-Oria, Carmen; Latorre, Germán; Santos-Lasaosa, Sonia title: Tratamientos habituales utilizados en cefaleas y neuralgias y sars-cov-2.posicionamiento del grupo de estudio de cefaleas de la sociedad española de neurología date: 2020-07-28 journal: Neurologia DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 346019 cord_uid: nxn4sfzw file: cache/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.json key: cord-345879-nbfg47x5 authors: Bonaz, Bruno; Sinniger, Valérie; Pellissier, Sonia title: Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? date: 2020-07-29 journal: Bioelectron Med DOI: 10.1186/s42234-020-00051-7 sha: doc_id: 345879 cord_uid: nbfg47x5 file: cache/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.json key: cord-346037-1sgwy0tx authors: Le Couteur, David G; Anderson, Rozalyn M; Newman, Anne B title: COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology date: 2020-03-31 journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa077 sha: doc_id: 346037 cord_uid: 1sgwy0tx file: cache/cord-345998-701aker9.json key: cord-345998-701aker9 authors: Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat; Bhopdhornangkul, Bhophkrit title: Challenging the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand date: 2020-10-07 journal: One Health DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100173 sha: doc_id: 345998 cord_uid: 701aker9 file: cache/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.json key: cord-345786-1o9nx7z9 authors: Bernstein, Charles N; Ng, Siew C; Banerjee, Rupa; Steinwurz, Flavio; Shen, Bo; Carbonnel, Franck; Hamid, Saeed; Sood, Ajit; Yamamoto-Furusho, Jesus K; Griffiths, Anne; Benchimol, Eric I; Travis, Simon; Lopes, Susana; Rubin, David T; Kaplan, Gilaad G; Armstrong, David; Gearry, Richard title: Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey date: 2020-08-14 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa202 sha: doc_id: 345786 cord_uid: 1o9nx7z9 file: cache/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.json key: cord-345929-z7yfegr5 authors: Thakur, Suman S. title: Proteomics and Its Application in Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-11-06 journal: J Proteome Res DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00824 sha: doc_id: 345929 cord_uid: z7yfegr5 file: cache/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.json key: cord-346008-6v2gdz4a authors: Jeong, Areum; Sagong, Min title: Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 journal: Infect Chemother DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.226 sha: doc_id: 346008 cord_uid: 6v2gdz4a file: cache/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.json key: cord-345976-z5gorbwp authors: Cella, Laura; Gagliardi, Giovanna; Hedman, Mattias; Palma, Giuseppe title: Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy date: 2020-10-01 journal: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.055 sha: doc_id: 345976 cord_uid: z5gorbwp file: cache/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.json key: cord-346015-bzeqs5oh authors: Wang, Yeming; Zhang, Dingyu; Du, Guanhua; Du, Ronghui; Zhao, Jianping; Jin, Yang; Fu, Shouzhi; Gao, Ling; Cheng, Zhenshun; Lu, Qiaofa; Hu, Yi; Luo, Guangwei; Wang, Ke; Lu, Yang; Li, Huadong; Wang, Shuzhen; Ruan, Shunan; Yang, Chengqing; Mei, Chunlin; Wang, Yi; Ding, Dan; Wu, Feng; Tang, Xin; Ye, Xianzhi; Ye, Yingchun; Liu, Bing; Yang, Jie; Yin, Wen; Wang, Aili; Fan, Guohui; Zhou, Fei; Liu, Zhibo; Gu, Xiaoying; Xu, Jiuyang; Shang, Lianhan; Zhang, Yi; Cao, Lianjun; Guo, Tingting; Wan, Yan; Qin, Hong; Jiang, Yushen; Jaki, Thomas; Hayden, Frederick G; Horby, Peter W; Cao, Bin; Wang, Chen title: Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial date: 2020-04-29 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31022-9 sha: doc_id: 346015 cord_uid: bzeqs5oh file: cache/cord-345809-tevi0sup.json key: cord-345809-tevi0sup authors: Bidmead, Elaine; Marshall, Alison title: Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay? date: 2020-08-22 journal: Br Med Bull DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa025 sha: doc_id: 345809 cord_uid: tevi0sup file: cache/cord-345908-66lku5c2.json key: cord-345908-66lku5c2 authors: Lin, Y.; Lv, S.; Wang, J.; Kang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Feng, Z. title: Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 sha: doc_id: 345908 cord_uid: 66lku5c2 file: cache/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.json key: cord-345973-fb3gkc0f authors: Thibault, Ronan; Seguin, Philippe; Tamion, Fabienne; Pichard, Claude; Singer, Pierre title: Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date: 2020-07-19 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z sha: doc_id: 345973 cord_uid: fb3gkc0f file: cache/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.json key: cord-346006-caxx5fbz authors: van den Oever, Wendy; Raaijmakers, Vivian; Theunissen, Anne-Mieke; Houts, Mieke Wijnen-van; Frenken, Joost title: Risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: Huisarts Wet DOI: 10.1007/s12445-020-0859-3 sha: doc_id: 346006 cord_uid: caxx5fbz file: cache/cord-346017-wforwxes.json key: cord-346017-wforwxes authors: Kasperkiewicz, M.; Schmidt, E.; Fairley, J.A.; Joly, P.; Payne, A.S.; Yale, M.L.; Zillikens, D.; Woodley, D.T. title: Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16525 sha: doc_id: 346017 cord_uid: wforwxes file: cache/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.json key: cord-346026-l9cyzocv authors: Aneja, Ranjan; Ahuja, Vaishali title: An assessment of socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in India date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Public Aff DOI: 10.1002/pa.2266 sha: doc_id: 346026 cord_uid: l9cyzocv file: cache/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.json key: cord-346075-q4jbqsh1 authors: Rohith, G.; Devika, K. B. title: Dynamics and control of COVID-19 pandemic with nonlinear incidence rates date: 2020-06-25 journal: Nonlinear Dyn DOI: 10.1007/s11071-020-05774-5 sha: doc_id: 346075 cord_uid: q4jbqsh1 file: cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.json key: cord-346062-q0trgj12 authors: Robert, René; Kentish-Barnes, Nancy; Boyer, Alexandre; Laurent, Alexandra; Azoulay, Elie; Reignier, Jean title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 sha: doc_id: 346062 cord_uid: q0trgj12 file: cache/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.json key: cord-346050-ssv1arr1 authors: Hodgkinson, Tarah; Andresen, Martin A. title: Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Crim Justice DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706 sha: doc_id: 346050 cord_uid: ssv1arr1 file: cache/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.json key: cord-346087-oa8k5xwc authors: Chen, Dan; Sun, Wenwu; Li, Jia; Wei, Bohua; Liu, Wei; Wang, Xiaopin; Song, Fan; Chen, Liangkai; Yang, Junhui; Yu, Li title: Serum Cystatin C and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting Critical Illness and Mortality for Adult Patients date: 2020-10-08 journal: Mediators Inflamm DOI: 10.1155/2020/3764515 sha: doc_id: 346087 cord_uid: oa8k5xwc file: cache/cord-346024-7e6px71s.json key: cord-346024-7e6px71s authors: Das, Dipayan; Santosh, K. C.; Pal, Umapada title: Truncated inception net: COVID-19 outbreak screening using chest X-rays date: 2020-06-25 journal: Phys Eng Sci Med DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00888-x sha: doc_id: 346024 cord_uid: 7e6px71s file: cache/cord-346109-fcytebfz.json key: cord-346109-fcytebfz authors: Lie, Jessica J.; Huynh, Caroline; Scott, Tracy M.; Karimuddin, Ahmer A. title: Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program's COVID-19 Experience date: 2020-07-19 journal: J Surg Educ DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.017 sha: doc_id: 346109 cord_uid: fcytebfz file: cache/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.json key: cord-346102-0fwf1m28 authors: Tien, Homer; Sawadsky, Bruce; Lewell, Michael; Peddle, Michael; Durham, Wade title: Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: CJEM DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.400 sha: doc_id: 346102 cord_uid: 0fwf1m28 file: cache/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.json key: cord-346105-2f6nj4to authors: Yang, T.-H.; Chou, C.-Y.; Yang, Y.-F.; Yang, Y.-P.; Chien, C.-S.; Yarmishyn, A. A.; Yang, T.-Y.; Chiou, S.-H.; Chang, Y.-L. title: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093831 sha: doc_id: 346105 cord_uid: 2f6nj4to file: cache/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.json key: cord-346146-yal0ctpq authors: Peyronnet, Violaine; Sibiude, Jeanne; Huissoud, Cyril; Lescure, François-Xavier; Lucet, Jean-Christophe; Mandelbrot, Laurent; Nisand, Israel; Belaish-Allart, Joëlle; Vayssière, Christophe; Yazpandanah, Yazdan; Luton, Dominique; Picone, Olivier title: Infection par le SARS-CoV-2 chez les femmes enceintes. Actualisation de l’état des connaissances et de la proposition de prise en charge. CNGOF date: 2020-10-05 journal: Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 346146 cord_uid: yal0ctpq file: cache/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.json key: cord-346067-zly8p0y7 authors: Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo; Pijoan, Jose-Ignacio; Bereciartua, Elena; Dunder, Susanna; Dominguez, Jokin; Garcia-Escudero, Paula; Rodrigo, Alejandro; Gomez-Carballo, Carlota; Varona, Jimena; Guio, Laura; Ibarrola, Marta; Ugarte, Amaia; Martinez-Berriotxoa, Agustin title: Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data date: 2020-09-22 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239401 sha: doc_id: 346067 cord_uid: zly8p0y7 file: cache/cord-346182-61i4jjys.json key: cord-346182-61i4jjys authors: Myers, Jeffrey L; Mulder, Lotte title: Frontline Workers in the Backrooms of COVID-19: Caring for the Living and the Dead date: 2020-06-17 journal: Am J Clin Pathol DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa106 sha: doc_id: 346182 cord_uid: 61i4jjys file: cache/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.json key: cord-346187-pd65r6cp authors: Singh, Omvir; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Kumar, Dinesh title: Association between climatic variables and COVID-19 pandemic in National Capital Territory of Delhi, India date: 2020-10-07 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01003-6 sha: doc_id: 346187 cord_uid: pd65r6cp file: cache/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.json key: cord-346160-n9i0blv1 authors: Gogoi, Mayuri; Armitage, Richard; Brown, Gavin; Ryan, Bernard; Eborall, Helen; Qureshi, Nadeem; O’Donnell, Catherine A.; Ciftci, Yusuf; Pareek, Manish; Nellums, Laura B. title: Putting the voices and insights of migrants and diverse ethnic groups at the centre of our response to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.019 sha: doc_id: 346160 cord_uid: n9i0blv1 file: cache/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.json key: cord-346185-qmu1mrmx authors: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias; Lara, Jennifer Vanessa Mejia title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression date: 2020-05-22 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109924 sha: doc_id: 346185 cord_uid: qmu1mrmx file: cache/cord-346100-j105jmmg.json key: cord-346100-j105jmmg authors: Zehra, Syeda Sakina; Rizvi, Syeda Zoha Zehra title: An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] date: 2020-08-20 journal: J Multidiscip Healthc DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s273816 sha: doc_id: 346100 cord_uid: j105jmmg file: cache/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.json key: cord-346194-l8svzjp2 authors: Nazir, Mehrab; Hussain, Iftikhar; Tian, Jian; Akram, Sabahat; Mangenda Tshiaba, Sidney; Mushtaq, Shahrukh; Shad, Muhammad Afzal title: A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113780 sha: doc_id: 346194 cord_uid: l8svzjp2 file: cache/cord-346115-xilbhy37.json key: cord-346115-xilbhy37 authors: Gattinoni, Luciano; Marini, John J.; Chiumello, Davide; Busana, Mattia; Camporota, Luigi title: COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias date: 2020-10-12 journal: Ann Intensive Care DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00756-7 sha: doc_id: 346115 cord_uid: xilbhy37 file: cache/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.json key: cord-346135-uidvtpjw authors: Parks, Anna L.; Auerbach, Andrew D.; Schnipper, Jeffrey L.; Anstey, James E.; Sterken, David G.; Hecht, Todd E.H.; Fang, Margaret C. title: COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-09-16 journal: Thromb Res DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.018 sha: doc_id: 346135 cord_uid: uidvtpjw file: cache/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.json key: cord-346276-1dcp05rd authors: Bonfá, Eloisa; Gossec, Laure; Isenberg, David A.; Li, Zhanguo; Raychaudhuri, Soumya title: How COVID-19 is changing rheumatology clinical practice date: 2020-11-02 journal: Nat Rev Rheumatol DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00527-5 sha: doc_id: 346276 cord_uid: 1dcp05rd file: cache/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.json key: cord-346268-6oufmmw6 authors: Infante, Maria‐Stefania; González‐Gascón y Marín, Isabel; Muñoz‐Novas, Carolina; Churruca, Juan; Foncillas, María‐Ángeles; Landete, Elena; Marín, Karen; Ryan, Pablo; Hernández‐Rivas, José‐Ángel title: COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series date: 2020-08-04 journal: Int J Lab Hematol DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13301 sha: doc_id: 346268 cord_uid: 6oufmmw6 file: cache/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.json key: cord-346184-jp3hfbrq authors: TALEB, S. M.; BOUSSAKTA, M. A. title: The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors date: 2020-08-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.17.20176396 sha: doc_id: 346184 cord_uid: jp3hfbrq file: cache/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.json key: cord-346225-dmwrm6jl authors: Lucaciu, Ondine; Tarczali, Dorottya; Petrescu, Nausica title: Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 journal: J Dent Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 346225 cord_uid: dmwrm6jl file: cache/cord-346281-sma6e891.json key: cord-346281-sma6e891 authors: Maldonado, Valente; Loza-Mejía; Chávez Alderete, Jaime title: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988 sha: doc_id: 346281 cord_uid: sma6e891 file: cache/cord-346265-jx4kspen.json key: cord-346265-jx4kspen authors: Tatapudi, Hanisha; Das, Rachita; Das, Tapas K. title: Impact assessment of full and partial stay-at-home orders, face mask usage, and contact tracing: An agent-based simulation study of COVID-19 for an urban region date: 2020-10-19 journal: Glob Epidemiol DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100036 sha: doc_id: 346265 cord_uid: jx4kspen file: cache/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.json key: cord-346345-jc9bq0zu authors: Smith, Colin M; Komisar, Jonathan R; Mourad, Ahmad; Kincaid, Brian R title: COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder date: 2020-08-11 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236940 sha: doc_id: 346345 cord_uid: jc9bq0zu file: cache/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.json key: cord-346288-9to4sdfq authors: Haimovich, A.; Ravindra, N. G.; Stoytchev, S.; Young, H. P.; Wilson, F. P.; van Dijk, D.; Schulz, W. L.; Taylor, R. A. title: Development and validation of the COVID-19 severity index (CSI): a prognostic tool for early respiratory decompensation date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20094573 sha: doc_id: 346288 cord_uid: 9to4sdfq file: cache/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.json key: cord-346338-kdjgu93q authors: Spinelli, Maria; Lionetti, Francesca; Pastore, Massimiliano; Fasolo, Mirco title: Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy date: 2020-07-03 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 sha: doc_id: 346338 cord_uid: kdjgu93q file: cache/cord-346325-grt67p73.json key: cord-346325-grt67p73 authors: Reilev, M.; Kristensen, K. B.; Pottegaard, A.; Lund, L. C.; Hallas, J.; Ernst, M. T.; Christiansen, C. F.; Soerensen, H. T.; Johansen, N. B.; Brun, N. C.; Voldstedlund, M.; Stoevring, H.; Thomsen, M. K.; Christensen, S.; Gubbels, S.; Krause, T. G.; Moelbak, K.; Thomsen, R. W. title: Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 9,519 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: A nationwide cohort date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111823 sha: doc_id: 346325 cord_uid: grt67p73 file: cache/cord-346347-r4ork18p.json key: cord-346347-r4ork18p authors: Borrion, Hervé; Kurland, Justin; Tilley, Nick; Chen, Peng title: Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240077 sha: doc_id: 346347 cord_uid: r4ork18p file: cache/cord-346241-w076l97s.json key: cord-346241-w076l97s authors: Zhang, Hua; Liu, Xiaohong; Yu, Peng; Cheng, Mingyuan; Wang, Weiting; Sun, Yipeng; Zeng, Bingliang; Fan, Bing title: Dynamic CT assessment of disease change and prognosis of patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-19 journal: Journal of X-ray science and technology DOI: 10.3233/xst-200711 sha: doc_id: 346241 cord_uid: w076l97s file: cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.json key: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc authors: Awasthi, Amit; Sharma, Aditi; Kaur, Prabhjot; Gugamsetty, Balakrishnaiah; Kumar, Akshay title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 journal: Environ Dev Sustain DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 sha: doc_id: 346247 cord_uid: 5jwbg6bc file: cache/cord-346248-6wkyar57.json key: cord-346248-6wkyar57 authors: de Moura, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux; McCarty, Thomas R.; Ribeiro, Igor Braga; Funari, Mateus Pereira; de Oliveira, Pedro Victor Aniz Gomes; de Miranda Neto, Antonio Afonso; do Monte Júnior, Epifânio Silvino; Tustumi, Francisco; Bernardo, Wanderley Marques; de Moura, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux; Thompson, Christopher C. title: Diagnostic Characteristics of Serological-Based COVID-19 Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-06 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2212 sha: doc_id: 346248 cord_uid: 6wkyar57 file: cache/cord-346310-venpta28.json key: cord-346310-venpta28 authors: Filgueiras, A.; Stults-Kolehmainen, M. title: Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374 sha: doc_id: 346310 cord_uid: venpta28 file: cache/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.json key: cord-346246-2phtdgh4 authors: Mattar, Shaikh Abdul Matin; Koh, Samuel Ji Quan; Rama Chandran, Suresh; Cherng, Benjamin Pei Zhi title: Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237336 sha: doc_id: 346246 cord_uid: 2phtdgh4 file: cache/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.json key: cord-346395-vdlk3ck2 authors: Martín-Noguerol, Teodoro; Lopez-Ortega, Rafael; Ros, Pablo R.; Luna, Antonio title: Teleworking beyond teleradiology: managing radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07205-w sha: doc_id: 346395 cord_uid: vdlk3ck2 file: cache/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.json key: cord-346461-eqyte6ko authors: Scialpi, Michele title: Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update date: 2020-08-28 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.067 sha: doc_id: 346461 cord_uid: eqyte6ko file: cache/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.json key: cord-346346-h09pn9sh authors: Shaikh, Sana; Umemoto, Gonzalo Matzumura; Vijayan, Anitha title: Management of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 journal: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.08.002 sha: doc_id: 346346 cord_uid: h09pn9sh file: cache/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.json key: cord-346459-tkt5ldyo authors: Jie, Li Shao; Yu, Yuan; Ping, Zeng Jian; Dong, Xiang Xu; Ping, Chai Xiang; Chao, Hu; Li, Yang; Jing, Yang; Ling, Tan Yan; Yan, Jiang Ming; Peng, Ling title: Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia after admission outside Wuhan, China date: 2020-11-06 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022980 sha: doc_id: 346459 cord_uid: tkt5ldyo file: cache/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.json key: cord-346483-jc0xklzk authors: Chen, Jun; Wu, Lianlian; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Liang; Gong, Dexin; Zhao, Yilin; Chen, Qiuxiang; Huang, Shulan; Yang, Ming; Yang, Xiao; Hu, Shan; Wang, Yonggui; Hu, Xiao; Zheng, Biqing; Zhang, Kuo; Wu, Huiling; Dong, Zehua; Xu, Youming; Zhu, Yijie; Chen, Xi; Zhang, Mengjiao; Yu, Lilei; Cheng, Fan; Yu, Honggang title: Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography date: 2020-11-05 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76282-0 sha: doc_id: 346483 cord_uid: jc0xklzk file: cache/cord-346329-xwbtftju.json key: cord-346329-xwbtftju authors: Mallow, Peter J.; Jones, Michael title: When Second Best Might Be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00348 sha: doc_id: 346329 cord_uid: xwbtftju file: cache/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.json key: cord-346497-q34w8ewl authors: Liu, Fang-Yan; Sun, Xue-Lian; Zhang, Yong; Ge, Lin; Wang, Jing; Liang, Xiao; Li, Jun-Fen; Wang, Chang-Liang; Xing, Zheng-Tao; Chhetri, Jagadish K.; Sun, Peng; Chan, Piu title: Evaluation of the Risk Prediction Tools for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 journal: Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004549 sha: doc_id: 346497 cord_uid: q34w8ewl file: cache/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.json key: cord-346508-voe8zi2r authors: Freudenberg, Lutz S.; Paez, Diana; Giammarile, Francesco; Cerci, Juliano; Modiselle, Moshe; Pascual, Thomas N.B.; El-Haj, Noura; Orellana, Pilar; Pynda, Yaroslav; Carrió, Ignasi; Fanti, Stefano; Matushita, Cristina; Herrmann, Ken title: Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments: An International Survey in April 2020 date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Nucl Med DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249821 sha: doc_id: 346508 cord_uid: voe8zi2r file: cache/cord-346370-jdfsacds.json key: cord-346370-jdfsacds authors: Sergi, Consolato M.; Leung, Alexander K.C. title: The Facemask in Public and Healthcare Workers– A Need not a Belief date: 2020-05-13 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 346370 cord_uid: jdfsacds file: cache/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.json key: cord-346496-crhv0gnt authors: Sun, Ying; Dong, Yanli; Wang, Lifeng; Xie, Huan; Li, Baosen; Chang, Christopher; Wang, Fu-sheng title: Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience date: 2020-04-24 journal: J Autoimmun DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102473 sha: doc_id: 346496 cord_uid: crhv0gnt file: cache/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.json key: cord-346389-gbmnoo84 authors: Callender, Lauren A.; Curran, Michelle; Bates, Stephanie M.; Mairesse, Maelle; Weigandt, Julia; Betts, Catherine J. title: The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01991 sha: doc_id: 346389 cord_uid: gbmnoo84 file: cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.json key: cord-346607-1mewok8l authors: Oesterle, Tyler S.; Kolla, Bhanuprakash; Risma, Cameron J.; Breitinger, Scott A.; Rakocevic, Daniela B.; Loukianova, Larissa L.; Hall-Flavin, Daniel K.; Gentry, Melanie T.; Rummans, Teresa A.; Chauhan, Mohit; Gold, Mark S. title: Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date: 2020-10-21 journal: Mayo Clin Proc DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.011 sha: doc_id: 346607 cord_uid: 1mewok8l file: cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.json key: cord-346501-6e91kt6c authors: Pitt, Michael B; Li, Su-Ting Terry; Klein, Melissa title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 journal: Acad Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 346501 cord_uid: 6e91kt6c file: cache/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.json key: cord-346512-y5d8q5b9 authors: Pellicciaro, Marco; Granai, Alessandra Vittoria; Marchese, Gloria; Materazzo, Marco; Cotesta, Maria; Santori, Francesca; Giacobbi, Erica; Servadei, Francesca; Grelli, Sandro; Perretta, Tommaso; Meucci, Rosaria; Pistolese, Chiara Adriana; Vanni, Gianluca title: Breast cancer patients with hormone neoadjuvant bridging therapy due to asymptomatic Corona virus infection. Case report, clinical and histopathologic findings date: 2020-10-08 journal: Int J Surg Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.020 sha: doc_id: 346512 cord_uid: y5d8q5b9 file: cache/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.json key: cord-346558-u1e0kzmm authors: Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Zagà, Vincenzo; Gallus, Silvano; D’Argenio, Paolo; Gorini, Giuseppe title: Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9624 sha: doc_id: 346558 cord_uid: u1e0kzmm file: cache/cord-346560-jir00627.json key: cord-346560-jir00627 authors: ELGhamrawy, S. M.; Hassanien, A. E. title: Diagnosis and Prediction Model for COVID19 Patients Response to Treatment based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Whale Optimization Algorithm Using CT Images date: 2020-04-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20063990 sha: doc_id: 346560 cord_uid: jir00627 file: cache/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.json key: cord-346565-vsgbmxzv authors: Cascella, Marco; Mauro, Immacolata; De Blasio, Elvio; Crispo, Anna; Del Gaudio, Alfredo; Bimonte, Sabrina; Cuomo, Arturo; Ascierto, Paolo Antonio title: Rapid and Impressive Response to a Combined Treatment with Single-Dose Tocilizumab and NIV in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia/ARDS date: 2020-07-27 journal: Medicina (Kaunas) DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080377 sha: doc_id: 346565 cord_uid: vsgbmxzv file: cache/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.json key: cord-346679-pgynu3s1 authors: Nikogosov, Dimitri A; Shevlyakov, Artem D; Baranova, Ancha V title: Comment on “ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank” by Kuo et al. date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa202 sha: doc_id: 346679 cord_uid: pgynu3s1 file: cache/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.json key: cord-346581-wgvx9usr authors: Maza-Solano, Juan Manuel; Plaza-Mayor, Guillermo; Jiménez-Luna, Antonio; Parente-Arias, Pablo; Amor-Dorado, Juan Carlos title: “Estrategias para la práctica de la otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello durante la fase de control de la COVID-19” date: 2020-05-25 journal: Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 346581 cord_uid: wgvx9usr file: cache/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.json key: cord-346596-uahjsqzh authors: DOYEN, Denis; DUPLAND, Pierre; MORAND, Lucas; FOURRIER, Etienne; SACCHERI, Clément; BUSCOT, Matthieu; HYVERNAT, Hervé; FERRARI, Emile; BERNARDIN, Gilles; CARIOU, Alain; Jean-Paul, M.I.R.A.; JAMME, Matthieu; DELLAMONICA, Jean; JOZWIAK, Mathieu title: Characteristics of cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.056 sha: doc_id: 346596 cord_uid: uahjsqzh file: cache/cord-346616-kr500kgj.json key: cord-346616-kr500kgj authors: Qian, Song-Zan; Hong, Wan-dong; Lingjie-mao,; Chenfeng-lin,; Zhendong-fang,; Pan, Jing-Ye title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe and Critical Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Wenzhou: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.552002 sha: doc_id: 346616 cord_uid: kr500kgj file: cache/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.json key: cord-346656-5nz0bs4v authors: Masini, Francesco; Gjeloshi, Klodian; Ferrara, Roberta; Pinotti, Emanuele; Cuomo, Giovanna title: Rheumatic disease management in the Campania region of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-14 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04648-8 sha: doc_id: 346656 cord_uid: 5nz0bs4v file: cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.json key: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 authors: Riggioni, Carmen; Comberiati, Pasquale; Giovannini, Mattia; Agache, Ioana; Akdis, Mübeccel; Alves‐Correia, Magna; Antó, Josep M.; Arcolaci, Alessandra; Kursat Azkur, Ahmet; Azkur, Dilek; Beken, Burcin; Boccabella, Cristina; Bousquet, Jean; Breiteneder, Heimo; Carvalho, Daniela; De las Vecillas, Leticia; Diamant, Zuzana; Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ibon; Eiwegger, Thomas; Eyerich, Stefanie; Fokkens, Wytske; Gao, Ya‐dong; Hannachi, Farah; Johnston, Sebastian L.; Jutel, Marek; Karavelia, Aspasia; Klimek, Ludger; Moya, Beatriz; Nadeau, Kari; O'Hehir, Robyn; O'Mahony, Liam; Pfaar, Oliver; Sanak, Marek; Schwarze, Jürgen; Sokolowska, Milena; Torres, María J.; van de Veen, Willem; van Zelm, Menno C.; Wang, De Yun; Zhang, Luo; Jiménez‐Saiz, Rodrigo; Akdis, Cezmi A. title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14449 sha: doc_id: 346539 cord_uid: kxnrf5g5 file: cache/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.json key: cord-346606-bsvlr3fk authors: Siriwardhana, Yushan; Gür, Gürkan; Ylianttila, Mika; Liyanage, Madhusanka title: The role of 5G for digital healthcare against COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.icte.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 346606 cord_uid: bsvlr3fk file: cache/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.json key: cord-346635-rcwrbahh authors: Park, Kee B.; Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney; Lartigue, Jean Wilguens title: Global Neurosurgery in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-18 journal: Neurospine DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040246.123 sha: doc_id: 346635 cord_uid: rcwrbahh file: cache/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.json key: cord-346721-l6y3n21b authors: Vega, Marisa; Hughes, Francine; Bernstein, Peter S.; Goffman, Dena; Sheen, Jean-Ju; Aubey, Janice J.; Zork, Noelia; Nathan, Lisa title: From the Trenches: Inpatient Management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100154 sha: doc_id: 346721 cord_uid: l6y3n21b file: cache/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.json key: cord-346712-ky5gt3pu authors: Soltan, A. A.; Kouchaki, S.; Zhu, T.; Kiyasseh, D.; Taylor, T.; Hussain, Z. B.; Peto, T.; Brent, A. J.; Eyre, D. W.; Clifton, D. title: Artificial intelligence driven assessment of routinely collected healthcare data is an effective screening test for COVID-19 in patients presenting to hospital date: 2020-07-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148361 sha: doc_id: 346712 cord_uid: ky5gt3pu file: cache/cord-346711-2k736hvr.json key: cord-346711-2k736hvr authors: Shetty, Rohit; Murugeswari, Ponnalagu; Chakrabarty, Koushik; Jayadev, Chaitra; Matalia, Himanshu; Ghosh, Arkasubhra; Das, Debashish title: Stem cell therapy in COVID-19 – current evidence and future potential date: 2020-11-09 journal: Cytotherapy DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.11.001 sha: doc_id: 346711 cord_uid: 2k736hvr file: cache/cord-346735-52v6pbue.json key: cord-346735-52v6pbue authors: Palchaudhuri, Sonali; Gabre, Joel; Prenner, Stacey; Klapproth, Jan-Michael title: Adapting a GI Fellowship to a Pandemic: Novel Approaches to Accommodating a Novel Virus date: 2020-04-30 journal: Dig Dis Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06306-2 sha: doc_id: 346735 cord_uid: 52v6pbue file: cache/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.json key: cord-346791-f2bjsopv authors: Arslan, Gökmen; Yıldırım, Murat; Tanhan, Ahmet; Buluş, Metin; Allen, Kelly-Ann title: Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure date: 2020-06-04 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6 sha: doc_id: 346791 cord_uid: f2bjsopv file: cache/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.json key: cord-346815-4t4gr0jz authors: Moshayedi, Pouria; Ryan, Timothy E.; Mejia, Lucido Luciano Ponce; Nour, May; Liebeskind, David S. title: Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-04-21 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00353 sha: doc_id: 346815 cord_uid: 4t4gr0jz file: cache/cord-346866-90w4zepx.json key: cord-346866-90w4zepx authors: Bassareo, Pier Paolo; Melis, Maria Rosaria; Marras, Silvia; Calcaterra, Giuseppe title: Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine date: 2020-08-20 journal: Postgrad Med J DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138370 sha: doc_id: 346866 cord_uid: 90w4zepx file: cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.json key: cord-346967-br4kpm6i authors: Bongiovanni, Marco; Zago, Tiziano title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 346967 cord_uid: br4kpm6i file: cache/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.json key: cord-346787-uo8k6qic authors: Jorgensen, Sarah CJ; Kebriaei, Razieh; Dresser, Linda D title: Remdesivir: Review of pharmacology, pre‐clinical data and emerging clinical experience for COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1002/phar.2429 sha: doc_id: 346787 cord_uid: uo8k6qic file: cache/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.json key: cord-346858-18q8rxzg authors: Hossain, Md. Tanvir; Ahammed, Benojir; Chanda, Sanjoy Kumar; Jahan, Nusrat; Ela, Mahfuza Zaman; Islam, Md. Nazrul title: Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation date: 2020-09-11 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238974 sha: doc_id: 346858 cord_uid: 18q8rxzg file: cache/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.json key: cord-346842-ip4i3bdk authors: Jeon, JuYeun; Kim, Hyeikyoung; Yu, Kyung-Sang title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials for Medical Products in Korea date: 2020-09-07 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e329 sha: doc_id: 346842 cord_uid: ip4i3bdk file: cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.json key: cord-346811-gorp9n1g authors: Hippisley-Cox, Julia; Young, Duncan; Coupland, Carol; Channon, Keith M; Tan, Pui San; Harrison, David A; Rowan, Kathryn; Aveyard, Paul; Pavord, Ian D; Watkinson, Peter J title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 journal: Heart DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 sha: doc_id: 346811 cord_uid: gorp9n1g file: cache/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.json key: cord-346917-5dgnj11a authors: Kuppalli, Krutika; Rasmussen, Angela L. title: A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm date: 2020-05-07 journal: EBioMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102789 sha: doc_id: 346917 cord_uid: 5dgnj11a file: cache/cord-347030-yx3j6373.json key: cord-347030-yx3j6373 authors: Cao, Xuetao title: COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy date: 2020-04-09 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3 sha: doc_id: 347030 cord_uid: yx3j6373 file: cache/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.json key: cord-346782-tgaqtnpz authors: Baldassarre, Emanuele title: An andrologist in the front line Covid-19 team date: 2020-06-04 journal: Int J Impot Res DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-0315-8 sha: doc_id: 346782 cord_uid: tgaqtnpz file: cache/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.json key: cord-346987-fbqqf00i authors: Guo, Yongwen; Jing, Yan; Wang, Yunshi; To, Aileen; Du, Shufang; Wang, Liuzheng; Bai, Ding title: Controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in orthodontic practice date: 2020-06-05 journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 346987 cord_uid: fbqqf00i file: cache/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.json key: cord-346758-pi1hf6xg authors: Egerup, P.; Olsen, L. F.; Christiansen, A.-M. H.; Westergaard, D.; Severinsen, E. R.; Hviid, K. V. R.; Kolte, A. M.; Boje, A. D.; Bertelsen, M.-L. M. F.; Praetorius, L.; Zedeler, A.; Nielsen, J. R.; Bang, D.; Berntsen, S.; Ethelberg-Findsen, J.; Storm, D. M.; Bello-Rodriguez, J.; Ingham, A.; Olle-Lopez, J.; Hoffmann, E.; Wilken-Jensen, C.; Krebs, L.; Joergensen, F. S.; Westh, H. T.; Jorgensen, H. L.; la Cour Freiesleben, N.; Nielsen, H. S. title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at delivery in women, partners and newborns date: 2020-09-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20191106 sha: doc_id: 346758 cord_uid: pi1hf6xg file: cache/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.json key: cord-347024-8fhb0j68 authors: Dang, Q.; Rui, M.; Yong, L. title: COVID-19 In Shang Hai: It is Worth Learning from the Successful Experience in Preventing and Controlling the Overseas Epidemic Situation date: 2020-05-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100164 sha: doc_id: 347024 cord_uid: 8fhb0j68 file: cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.json key: cord-346894-iy35298o authors: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica; Blumfield, Einat; Chavhan, Govind B.; Farkas, Amy B.; Joshi, Aparna; Kamps, Shawn E.; Kaplan, Summer L.; Sammer, Marla B. K.; Silvestro, Elizabeth; Stanescu, A. Luana; Sze, Raymond W.; Zerr, Danielle M.; Chandra, Tushar; Edwards, Emily A.; Khan, Naeem; Rubio, Eva I.; Vera, Chido D.; Iyer, Ramesh S. title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 sha: doc_id: 346894 cord_uid: iy35298o file: cache/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.json key: cord-346998-01i6zxv8 authors: Kulkarni, Spoorthy; Jenner, Bernadette L.; Wilkinson, Ian title: COVID-19 and hypertension date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst DOI: 10.1177/1470320320927851 sha: doc_id: 346998 cord_uid: 01i6zxv8 file: cache/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.json key: cord-347013-nt6jmmcw authors: Retzlaff, Kimberly J. title: COVID‐19 Emergency Management Structure and Protocols date: 2020-08-28 journal: AORN J DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13149 sha: doc_id: 347013 cord_uid: nt6jmmcw file: cache/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.json key: cord-347048-qqft4yc9 authors: Araten, David J.; Belmont, H. Michael; Schaefer-Cutillo, Julia; Iyengar, Arjun; Mattoo, Aprajita; Reddy, Ramachandra title: Mild Clinical Course of COVID-19 in 3 Patients Receiving Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting C5 Complement for Hematologic Disorders date: 2020-09-12 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927418 sha: doc_id: 347048 cord_uid: qqft4yc9 file: cache/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.json key: cord-347109-vgubi2k8 authors: Okoi, Obasesam; Bwawa, Tatenda title: How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-10 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105067 sha: doc_id: 347109 cord_uid: vgubi2k8 file: cache/cord-346930-gl573ip9.json key: cord-346930-gl573ip9 authors: Hussain, Azhar; Kaler, Jasndeep; Dubey, Arun Kumar title: Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatments of Novel COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-24 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8260 sha: doc_id: 346930 cord_uid: gl573ip9 file: cache/cord-347081-g96cxamu.json key: cord-347081-g96cxamu authors: Picchio, Camila A.; Valencia, Jorge; Doran, Jason; Swan, Tracy; Pastor, Marta; Martró, Elisa; Colom, Joan; Lazarus, Jeffrey V. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain date: 2020-11-04 journal: Harm Reduct J DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00432-w sha: doc_id: 347081 cord_uid: g96cxamu file: cache/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.json key: cord-347151-ni94qi4r authors: Vespa, Edoardo; Pugliese, Nicola; Piovani, Daniele; Capogreco, Antonio; Danese, Silvio; Aghemo, Alessio title: Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat? date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.033 sha: doc_id: 347151 cord_uid: ni94qi4r file: cache/cord-346968-b7g4myed.json key: cord-346968-b7g4myed authors: Barry, Heather E.; Hughes, Carmel M. title: Managing medicines in the time of COVID-19: implications for community-dwelling people with dementia date: 2020-08-16 journal: Int J Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01116-y sha: doc_id: 346968 cord_uid: b7g4myed file: cache/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.json key: cord-347091-wbjpa5st authors: Davis, Matthew R.; McCreary, Erin K.; Pogue, Jason M. title: That Escalated Quickly: Remdesivir's Place in Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 journal: Infect Dis Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00318-1 sha: doc_id: 347091 cord_uid: wbjpa5st file: cache/cord-347199-slq70aou.json key: cord-347199-slq70aou authors: Safta, Cosmin; Ray, Jaideep; Sargsyan, Khachik title: Characterization of partially observed epidemics through Bayesian inference: application to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 journal: Comput Mech DOI: 10.1007/s00466-020-01897-z sha: doc_id: 347199 cord_uid: slq70aou file: cache/cord-346942-88l03lf0.json key: cord-346942-88l03lf0 authors: Kerpel, Ariel; Apter, Sara; Nissan, Noam; Houri-Levi, Esther; Klug, Maximiliano; Amit, Sharon; Konen, Eli; Marom, Edith M. title: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19 at Presentation date: 2020-08-17 journal: West J Emerg Med DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48842 sha: doc_id: 346942 cord_uid: 88l03lf0 file: cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.json key: cord-347126-hvrly37e authors: Stanton, Robert; To, Quyen G.; Khalesi, Saman; Williams, Susan L.; Alley, Stephanie J.; Thwaite, Tanya L.; Fenning, Andrew S.; Vandelanotte, Corneel title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date: 2020-06-07 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114065 sha: doc_id: 347126 cord_uid: hvrly37e file: cache/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.json key: cord-347186-tbtmqmpr authors: Acharya, Yogesh; Sayed, Abida title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-04 journal: Ther Adv Infect Dis DOI: 10.1177/2049936120947517 sha: doc_id: 347186 cord_uid: tbtmqmpr file: cache/cord-347058-kejcwlng.json key: cord-347058-kejcwlng authors: Akbari, Hamed; Tabrizi, Reza; Lankarani, Kamran B.; Aria, Hamid; Vakili, Sina; Asadian, Fatemeh; Noroozi, Saam; Keshavarz, Pedram; Faramarz, Sanaz title: The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-29 journal: Life Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118167 sha: doc_id: 347058 cord_uid: kejcwlng file: cache/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.json key: cord-347185-ttf8oigk authors: Hart, Andrew title: Editorial - Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 347185 cord_uid: ttf8oigk file: cache/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.json key: cord-347090-sqw7n1v2 authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Moises; Rodríguez-Campoy, Patricia; Sánchez-Códez, Maria; Gutiérrez-Rosa, Irene; Castellano-Martinez, Ana; Rodríguez-Benítez, Amado title: New onset severe right ventricular failure associated with COVID-19 in a young infant without previous heart disease date: 2020-06-16 journal: Cardiology in the young DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120001857 sha: doc_id: 347090 cord_uid: sqw7n1v2 file: cache/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.json key: cord-347277-8bmcd22v authors: Huang, Ying hui; Meng, Si jun; Zhang, Yi; Wu, Shui sheng; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Ya wei; Ye, Yi xiang; Wei, Qi feng; Zhao, Nian gui; Jiang, Jian ping; Ji, Xiao ying; Zhou, Chun xia; Zheng, Chao; Zhang, Wen; Xie, Li zhong; Hu, Yong chao; He, Jian quan; Chen, Jian; Wang, Wang yue; Zhang, Chang hua; Cao, Liming; Xu, Wen; Lei, Yunhong; Jian, Zheng hua; Hu, Wei ping; Qin, Wen juan; Wang, Wan yu; He, Yu long; Xiao, Hang; Zheng, Xiao fang; Hu, Yi Qun; Pan, Wen Sheng; Cai, Jian feng title: The respiratory sound features of COVID-19 patients fill gaps between clinical data and screening methods date: 2020-04-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.20051060 sha: doc_id: 347277 cord_uid: 8bmcd22v file: cache/cord-347104-h168kqjn.json key: cord-347104-h168kqjn authors: Ghosh, Ritwik; De, Kaustav; Roy, Devlina; Mandal, Arpan; Biswas, Subrata; Biswas, Subhrajyoti; Sengupta, Swagatam; Naga, Dinabandhu; Ghosh, Mrinalkanti; Benito-León, Julián title: A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-11-11 journal: J Neuroimmunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577439 sha: doc_id: 347104 cord_uid: h168kqjn file: cache/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.json key: cord-347238-yacn6xqk authors: Angurala, Mohit; Bala, Manju; Bamber, Sukhvinder Singh; Kaur, Rajbir; Singh, Prabhdeep title: An Internet of Things Assisted Drone Based Approach to Reduce Rapid Spread of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2020.06.011 sha: doc_id: 347238 cord_uid: yacn6xqk file: cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.json key: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 authors: Lorusso, Domenica; Ray-Coquard, Isabelle; Oaknin, Ana; Banerjee, Susana title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 journal: ESMO Open DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000924 sha: doc_id: 347189 cord_uid: i9rzo3j0 file: cache/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.json key: cord-347263-ci6mv72z authors: Berekashvili, k.; Dmytriw, A. A.; Vulkanov, V.; Agarwal, S.; Khaneja, A.; Turkel-Parella, D.; Liff, J.; Farkas, J.; Nandakumar, T.; Zhou, T.; Frontera, J.; Kahn, D. E.; Kim, S.; Humbert, K. A.; Sanger, M. D.; Yaghi, S.; Lord, A.; Arcot, K.; Tiwari, A. title: Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS-COV-2 Virus patients date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20077206 sha: doc_id: 347263 cord_uid: ci6mv72z file: cache/cord-347333-h899xkfy.json key: cord-347333-h899xkfy authors: Li, Z.; Zhong, Z.; Li, Y.; Zhang, T.; Gao, L.; Jin, D.; Sun, Y.; Ye, X.; Yu, L.; Hu, Z.; Xiao, J.; Huang, L.; Tang, Y. title: From Community Acquired Pneumonia to COVID-19: A Deep Learning Based Method for Quantitative Analysis of COVID-19 on thick-section CT Scans date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20070219 sha: doc_id: 347333 cord_uid: h899xkfy file: cache/cord-347121-5drl3xas.json key: cord-347121-5drl3xas authors: Farah, I.; Lalli, G.; Baker, D.; Schumacher, A. title: A global omics data sharing and analytics marketplace: Case study of a rapid data COVID-19 pandemic response platform. date: 2020-09-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.28.20203257 sha: doc_id: 347121 cord_uid: 5drl3xas file: cache/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.json key: cord-346995-2e84y1hl authors: Hoang, Van Minh; 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Y.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, D.; Prefumo, F. title: ISUOG Interim Guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals – an update date: 2020-06-01 journal: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1002/uog.22061 sha: doc_id: 347289 cord_uid: 3yi5tz04 file: cache/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.json key: cord-347490-9eyq4j14 authors: Cimerman, Sergio; Chebabo, Alberto; Cunha, Clovis Arns da; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: Deep Impact of COVID-19 in the HealthCare of Latin America: the case of Brazil date: 2020-04-23 journal: Braz J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 347490 cord_uid: 9eyq4j14 file: cache/cord-347535-tgou78o7.json key: cord-347535-tgou78o7 authors: Goh, Kah Kheng; Lu, Mong-Liang; Jou, Susyan title: Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons date: 2020-08-23 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020377 sha: doc_id: 347535 cord_uid: tgou78o7 file: cache/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.json key: cord-347553-d7q6u7vj authors: Criado, Paulo Ricardo; Pagliari, Carla; Carneiro, Francisca Regina Oliveira; Quaresma, Juarez Antonio Simões title: Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid‐19 date: 2020-07-12 journal: Rev Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2130 sha: doc_id: 347553 cord_uid: d7q6u7vj file: cache/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.json key: cord-347602-ab2gv1e5 authors: de Melo, A. 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L. title: Low-Impact Social Distancing Interventions to Mitigate Local Epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143735 sha: doc_id: 347813 cord_uid: 9vfwl7c0 file: cache/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.json key: cord-347874-cmgd5rqt authors: de Miguel Beriain, Iñigo; Rueda, Jon title: Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al date: 2020-09-09 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106814 sha: doc_id: 347874 cord_uid: cmgd5rqt file: cache/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.json key: cord-347818-93ixqyfp authors: Hojyo, Shintaro; Uchida, Mona; Tanaka, Kumiko; Hasebe, Rie; Tanaka, Yuki; Murakami, Masaaki; Hirano, Toshio title: How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality date: 2020-10-01 journal: Inflamm Regen DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3 sha: doc_id: 347818 cord_uid: 93ixqyfp file: cache/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.json key: cord-347884-zpzncgiv authors: Galimberti, Andrea; Cena, Hellas; Campone, Luca; Ferri, Emanuele; Dell'Agli, Mario; Sangiovanni, Enrico; Belingheri, Michael; Riva, Michele Augusto; Casiraghi, Maurizio; Labra, Massimo title: Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Nutr DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 sha: doc_id: 347884 cord_uid: zpzncgiv file: cache/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.json key: cord-347895-z9a54f6g authors: Gaibazzi, N.; Martini, C.; Mattioli, M.; Tuttolomondo, D.; Guidorossi, A.; Suma, S.; Dey, D.; Palumbo, A.; De Filippo, M. title: Lung disease severity, Coronary Artery Calcium, Coronary inflammation and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019. date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087114 sha: doc_id: 347895 cord_uid: z9a54f6g file: cache/cord-347834-skj40pmi.json key: cord-347834-skj40pmi authors: Ruggiero, Antonio; Sanguinetti, Maurizio; Gatto, Antonio; Attinà, Giorgio; Chiaretti, Antonio title: Diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva date: 2020-06-07 journal: Acta Paediatr DOI: 10.1111/apa.15397 sha: doc_id: 347834 cord_uid: skj40pmi file: cache/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.json key: cord-347906-3ehsg8oi authors: Zhang, Zizhen; Zeb, Anwar; Hussain, Sultan; Alzahrani, Ebraheem title: Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation date: 2020-08-28 journal: Adv Differ Equ DOI: 10.1186/s13662-020-02909-1 sha: doc_id: 347906 cord_uid: 3ehsg8oi file: cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.json key: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh authors: Giallonardo, Vincenzo; Sampogna, Gaia; Del Vecchio, Valeria; Luciano, Mario; Albert, Umberto; Carmassi, Claudia; Carrà, Giuseppe; Cirulli, Francesca; Dell’Osso, Bernardo; Nanni, Maria Giulia; Pompili, Maurizio; Sani, Gabriele; Tortorella, Alfonso; Volpe, Umberto; Fiorillo, Andrea title: The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date: 2020-06-05 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 sha: doc_id: 347960 cord_uid: vl5zhxyh file: cache/cord-347898-appzi43a.json key: cord-347898-appzi43a authors: Hu, Zeming; Chen, Bin title: The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00265 sha: doc_id: 347898 cord_uid: appzi43a file: cache/cord-347955-bud745if.json key: cord-347955-bud745if authors: Jenelius, Erik; Cebecauer, Matej title: Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts date: 2020-11-30 journal: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100242 sha: doc_id: 347955 cord_uid: bud745if file: cache/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.json key: cord-347968-jhnr8k3j authors: Herrera, David; Serrano, Jorge; Roldán, Silvia; Sanz, Mariano title: Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? date: 2020-06-23 journal: Clin Oral Investig DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03413-2 sha: doc_id: 347968 cord_uid: jhnr8k3j file: cache/cord-347926-63w578b2.json key: cord-347926-63w578b2 authors: Ruan, Pei-sen; Xu, Hui-qing; Wu, Jun-hua; Song, Qi-fa; Qiu, Hai-yan title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Study date: 2020-09-03 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00502-x sha: doc_id: 347926 cord_uid: 63w578b2 file: cache/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.json key: cord-347982-omxcdiwt authors: Basso, Fernanda Gisele; de Paulo, Alex Fabianne; Porto, Geciane Silveira; Pereira, Cristiano Gonçalves title: Cooperative efforts on developing vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 Cooperative efforts for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.06.282145 sha: doc_id: 347982 cord_uid: omxcdiwt file: cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.json key: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d authors: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05931-x sha: doc_id: 348026 cord_uid: t1jkeu3d file: cache/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.json key: cord-347890-kx5vka0o authors: Fan, Qian; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bo; Li, De-Jia; Zhang, Jian; Zhao, Fang title: Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Wuhan date: 2020-07-21 journal: Front Cell Infect Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00404 sha: doc_id: 347890 cord_uid: kx5vka0o file: cache/cord-348022-nt5omngy.json key: cord-348022-nt5omngy authors: Pavlidis, Pollyanna; Eddy, Katherine; Phung, Laura; Farrington, Elise; Connolly, Mairead; Lopes, Rudy; Wilson, Alyce N.; Homer, Caroline S.E.; Vogel, Joshua P. title: Clinical guidelines for caring for women with COVID-19 during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period date: 2020-11-03 journal: Women Birth DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.015 sha: doc_id: 348022 cord_uid: nt5omngy file: cache/cord-348024-n8wn4och.json key: cord-348024-n8wn4och authors: Lei, Fang; Liu, Ye‐Mao; Zhou, Feng; Qin, Juan‐Juan; Zhang, Peng; Zhu, Lihua; Zhang, Xiao‐Jing; Cai, Jingjing; Lin, Lijin; Ouyang, Shan; Wang, Xiaoming; Yang, Chengzhang; Cheng, Xu; Liu, Weifang; Li, Haomiao; Xie, Jing; Wu, Bin; Luo, Huiming; Xiao, Fei; Chen, Jing; Tao, Liang; Cheng, Gang; She, Zhi‐Gang; Zhou, Jianghua; Wang, Haitao; Lin, Jun; Luo, Pengcheng; Fu, Shouzhi; Zhou, Jihui; Ye, Ping; Xiao, Bing; Mao, Weiming; Liu, Liming; Yan, Youqin; Liu, Ling; Chen, Guohua; Li, Hongliang; Huang, Xiaodong; Zhang, Bing‐Hong; Yuan, Yufeng title: Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID‐19 in China date: 2020-05-02 journal: Hepatology DOI: 10.1002/hep.31301 sha: doc_id: 348024 cord_uid: n8wn4och file: cache/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.json key: cord-347969-2sdwwuu5 authors: Grunau, Brian; Bal, Joban; Scheuermeyer, Frank; Guh, Daphne; Dainty, Katie N.; Helmer, Jennie; Saini, Sumeet; Chakrabarti, Adrija; Brar, Noor; Sidhu, Nimrit; Barbic, David; Christenson, Jim; Chakrabarti, Santabhanu title: Bystanders are less willing to resuscitate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100034 sha: doc_id: 347969 cord_uid: 2sdwwuu5 file: cache/cord-347900-nzd15vab.json key: cord-347900-nzd15vab authors: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P.; Jain, Vijay Kumar title: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! date: 2020-07-17 journal: Indian J Tuberc DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.014 sha: doc_id: 347900 cord_uid: nzd15vab file: cache/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.json key: cord-348039-kl1a0au3 authors: Majowicz, S. 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COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities date: 2020-04-29 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000898 sha: doc_id: 348039 cord_uid: kl1a0au3 file: cache/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.json key: cord-348155-otcg3lgh authors: Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M.; Moody, William E.; Bradlow, William M.; Khan-Kheil, Ayisha M.; Hudsmith, Lucy E.; Steeds, Richard P. title: Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-28 journal: Can J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.030 sha: doc_id: 348155 cord_uid: otcg3lgh file: cache/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.json key: cord-348212-c2iibuqa authors: Cavallo, Federica; Rossi, Nadia; Chiarelli, Francesco title: Novel coronavirus infection and children date: 2020-05-11 journal: Acta Biomed DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9586 sha: doc_id: 348212 cord_uid: c2iibuqa file: cache/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.json key: cord-348053-s0ijzyaq authors: Mueller, Alisa A.; Tamura, Tomoyoshi; Crowley, Conor P.; DeGrado, Jeremy R.; Haider, Hibah; Jezmir, Julia L.; Keras, Gregory; Penn, Erin H.; Massaro, Anthony F.; Kim, Edy Y. title: Inflammatory biomarker trends predict respiratory decline in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 journal: Cell Rep Med DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100144 sha: doc_id: 348053 cord_uid: s0ijzyaq file: cache/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.json key: cord-347984-iqsbrw88 authors: Shi, Feng; Wang, Jun; Shi, Jun; Wu, Ziyan; Wang, Qian; Tang, Zhenyu; He, Kelei; Shi, Yinghuan; Shen, Dinggang title: Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 journal: IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.2987975 sha: doc_id: 347984 cord_uid: iqsbrw88 file: cache/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.json key: cord-348222-pd0zzcue authors: Ansari Ramandi, Mohammad Mostafa; Baay, Mohammadreza; Naderi, Nasim title: Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses? date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Cardiovasc Thorac Res DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.27 sha: doc_id: 348222 cord_uid: pd0zzcue file: cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.json key: cord-348121-c7jq240j authors: Tagliabue, Fabio; Galassi, Luca; Mariani, Pierpaolo title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 sha: doc_id: 348121 cord_uid: c7jq240j file: cache/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.json key: cord-348172-q3zcn5pf authors: Poli, Daniela; Tosetto, Alberto; Palareti, Gulatiero; Barcellona, Doris; Ciampa, Antonio; Grandone, Elvira; Manotti, Cesare; Moia, Marco; Squizzato, Alessandro; Toschi, Vincenzo; Testa, Sophie title: Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases date: 2020-06-08 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02391-3 sha: doc_id: 348172 cord_uid: q3zcn5pf file: cache/cord-347935-jfx9037u.json key: cord-347935-jfx9037u authors: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes; Sanus, Enrique Aracil; Santos, África Duque; Olmos, Cristina Gómez; Alguacil, Sergio Gordillo; El Amrani, Mehdi; Guaita, Julia Ocaña; Zúñiga, Claudio Gandarias title: Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date: 2020-06-04 journal: Ann Vasc Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 347935 cord_uid: jfx9037u file: cache/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.json key: cord-347916-9suvf3ln authors: Kong, Man; Zhang, Hongmei; Cao, Xiaocui; Mao, Xiaoli; Lu, Zhongxin title: Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001557 sha: doc_id: 347916 cord_uid: 9suvf3ln file: cache/cord-348202-6we8e60b.json key: cord-348202-6we8e60b authors: Drake, Daniel H.; De Bonis, Michele; Covella, Michele; Agricola, Eustachio; Zangrillo, Alberto; Zimmerman, Karen G.; Cobey, Frederick C. title: Echo in Pandemic: Front Line Perspective, Expanding Role of Ultrasound and Ethics of Resource Allocation date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Soc Echocardiogr DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.007 sha: doc_id: 348202 cord_uid: 6we8e60b file: cache/cord-348351-naktgl9o.json key: cord-348351-naktgl9o authors: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports date: 2020-06-05 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102196 sha: doc_id: 348351 cord_uid: naktgl9o file: cache/cord-348297-k9fuegol.json key: cord-348297-k9fuegol authors: Zhou, Feng; Gao, Xuan; Li, Mengwei; Zhang, Ying title: Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-04-16 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.105 sha: doc_id: 348297 cord_uid: k9fuegol file: cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.json key: cord-348298-rtm8dn43 authors: O’Connor, Karen; Wrigley, Margo; Jennings, Rhona; Hill, Michele; Niazi, Amir title: Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date: 2020-05-27 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.64 sha: doc_id: 348298 cord_uid: rtm8dn43 file: cache/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.json key: cord-348358-dg3sa9ho authors: Yüce, Meltem Özden; Adalı, Emine; Kanmaz, Burcu title: An analysis of YouTube videos as educational resources for dental practitioners to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Ir J Med Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02312-5 sha: doc_id: 348358 cord_uid: dg3sa9ho file: cache/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.json key: cord-348056-kx9wvw8c authors: Goh, H. P.; Mahari, W. I.; Ahad, N. I.; Chaw, L.; Kifli, N.; Goh, B. H.; Yeoh, S. F.; Ming, L. C. title: Risk factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rate: A quantitative analysis of top 50 affected countries date: 2020-05-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108449 sha: doc_id: 348056 cord_uid: kx9wvw8c file: cache/cord-348388-nkosag8m.json key: cord-348388-nkosag8m authors: Nirenberg, Michael S.; Herrera, María del Mar Ruiz title: Foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr virus: A case study date: 2020-06-22 journal: Foot (Edinb) DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101707 sha: doc_id: 348388 cord_uid: nkosag8m file: cache/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.json key: cord-348414-y6vh63xk authors: Berger, W. R.; Baggen, V.; Vorselaars, V. M. M.; van der Heijden, A. C.; van Hout, G. P. J.; Kapel, G. F. L.; Woudstra, P. title: Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis date: 2020-11-03 journal: Neth Heart J DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01519-6 sha: doc_id: 348414 cord_uid: y6vh63xk file: cache/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.json key: cord-348249-zhfrgaxf authors: Osborne, V.; Davies, M.; Dhanda, S.; Roy, D.; Lane, S.; Evans, A.; Shakir, S. A. title: Systematic benefit-risk assessment for the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19: Establishing a framework for rapid decision-making date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093989 sha: doc_id: 348249 cord_uid: zhfrgaxf file: cache/cord-348365-e90544er.json key: cord-348365-e90544er authors: Alharthy, Abdulrahman; Faqihi, Fahad; Memish, Ziad A.; Karakitsos, Dimitrios title: Lung Injury in COVID-19—An Emerging Hypothesis date: 2020-07-24 journal: ACS Chem Neurosci DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00422 sha: doc_id: 348365 cord_uid: e90544er file: cache/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.json key: cord-348139-bx1rt5ko authors: Dhamne, Chetan; Vora, Tushar; Prasad, Maya; Moulik, Nirmalya Roy; Parambil, Badira C.; Chichra, Akanksha; Chinnaswamy, Girish; Banavali, Shripad; Narula, Gaurav title: Comment on: The COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP‐E, SIOP‐PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global date: 2020-07-10 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28462 sha: doc_id: 348139 cord_uid: bx1rt5ko file: cache/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.json key: cord-348364-jb0lvhq5 authors: Rehman, Tyler; Josephson, Greta; Sunbuli, Moutaz; Chadaga, Amar R. title: Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020 journal: Ochsner J DOI: 10.31486/toj.20.0072 sha: doc_id: 348364 cord_uid: jb0lvhq5 file: cache/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.json key: cord-348406-tg0c51oi authors: Atrah, Hasan I title: Alternative management of Covid-19 infection date: 2020-07-08 journal: Scott Med J DOI: 10.1177/0036933020941497 sha: doc_id: 348406 cord_uid: tg0c51oi file: cache/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.json key: cord-348221-w37lfv7e authors: Zhou, Yongjie; Shi, Hui; Liu, Zhengkui; Peng, Songxu; Wang, Ruoxi; Qi, Ling; Li, Zezhi; Yang, Jiezhi; Ren, Yali; Song, Xiuli; Zeng, Lingyun; Qian, Wei; Zhang, Xiangyang title: The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-19 journal: Transl Psychiatry DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01006-x sha: doc_id: 348221 cord_uid: w37lfv7e file: cache/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.json key: cord-348051-o1hxoasp authors: Upadhyaya, Gaurav K.; Iyengar, Karthikeyan; Jain, Vijay K.; Vaishya, Raju title: Challenges and strategies in management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 journal: J Orthop DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 348051 cord_uid: o1hxoasp file: cache/cord-348422-werg9ofa.json key: cord-348422-werg9ofa authors: Shamsah, Mohammed A; Bitar, Zouheir Ibrahim; Alfoudri, Huda title: Right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-09-04 journal: Eur Heart J Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa296 sha: doc_id: 348422 cord_uid: werg9ofa file: cache/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.json key: cord-348430-8xk4dt7t authors: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Riccò, Matteo; Pacifico, Alessia; Malagoli, Piergiorgio; Kridin, Khalaf; Pigatto, Paolo; Damiani, Giovanni title: COVID‐19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED‐ZONE declaration date: 2020-05-28 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13508 sha: doc_id: 348430 cord_uid: 8xk4dt7t file: cache/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.json key: cord-348350-pac9ha4q authors: Martin-Blondel, G; Ruiz, S; Murris, M; Faguer, S; Duhalde, V; Eyvrard, F; Izopet, J; Mansuy, J M; Rolland, Y; Delavigne, K; Guimbaud, R; Pugnet, G; Conil, J M; Georges, B; Delobel, P; Minville, V; Silva Sifontes, S; Concordet, D; Gandia, P title: Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics date: 2020-05-11 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa558 sha: doc_id: 348350 cord_uid: pac9ha4q file: cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.json key: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 authors: Ueyama, Hiroki; Kuno, Toshiki; Takagi, Hisato; Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram; Vengrenyuk, Yuliya; Sharma, Samin K.; Kini, Annapoorna S.; Lerakis, Stamatios title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 sha: doc_id: 348327 cord_uid: rgikd4g8 file: cache/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.json key: cord-348459-v3e1zqpa authors: Sung, J.; Choudry, N.; Bachour, R. title: Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Room date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20173112 sha: doc_id: 348459 cord_uid: v3e1zqpa file: cache/cord-348435-z1c16thl.json key: cord-348435-z1c16thl authors: Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra; Brandenburg, Christiane; Pröbstl-Haider, Ulrike title: City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date: 2020-09-30 journal: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2020.100329 sha: doc_id: 348435 cord_uid: z1c16thl file: cache/cord-348436-mwitcseq.json key: cord-348436-mwitcseq authors: Bu, F.; Steptoe, A.; Mak, H. W.; Fancourt, D. title: Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK date: 2020-08-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.18.20177345 sha: doc_id: 348436 cord_uid: mwitcseq file: cache/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.json key: cord-348246-prwg2wvm authors: Gabriel, Andrade title: The role of psychiatrists in addressing COVID-19 conspiracy theories date: 2020-09-01 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102404 sha: doc_id: 348246 cord_uid: prwg2wvm file: cache/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.json key: cord-348269-6z0kiapa authors: Nguyen, Quynh C.; Huang, Yuru; Kumar, Abhinav; Duan, Haoshu; Keralis, Jessica M.; Dwivedi, Pallavi; Meng, Hsien-Wen; Brunisholz, Kimberly D.; Jay, Jonathan; Javanmardi, Mehran; Tasdizen, Tolga title: Using 164 Million Google Street View Images to Derive Built Environment Predictors of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-09-01 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176359 sha: doc_id: 348269 cord_uid: 6z0kiapa file: cache/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.json key: cord-348501-8cvtqj7w authors: Beyzaee, Amir Mohammad; Rahmatpour Rokni, Ghasem; Patil, Anant; Goldust, Mohamad title: Rituximab as the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris in the COVID‐19 pandemic era: A narrative review date: 2020-10-20 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.14405 sha: doc_id: 348501 cord_uid: 8cvtqj7w file: cache/cord-348566-48hovz3f.json key: cord-348566-48hovz3f authors: Nichols, James H; Rauch, Carol A title: A Laboratory Risk Assessment during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-04-16 journal: J Appl Lab Med DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa061 sha: doc_id: 348566 cord_uid: 48hovz3f file: cache/cord-348521-ai7d634u.json key: cord-348521-ai7d634u authors: Atif, Muhammad; Malik, Iram title: COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Pharm Policy Pract DOI: 10.1186/s40545-020-00240-4 sha: doc_id: 348521 cord_uid: ai7d634u file: cache/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.json key: cord-348573-uyuazdhk authors: Soraci, Paolo; Ferrari, Ambra; Abbiati, Francesco A.; Del Fante, Elena; De Pace, Rosanna; Urso, Antonino; Griffiths, Mark D. title: Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale date: 2020-05-04 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1 sha: doc_id: 348573 cord_uid: uyuazdhk file: cache/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.json key: cord-348464-1c08mb2k authors: Winter, Taylor; Riordan, Benjamin C.; Pakpour, Amir H.; Griffiths, Mark D.; Mason, Andre; Poulgrain, John W.; Scarf, Damian title: Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs date: 2020-06-15 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00342-9 sha: doc_id: 348464 cord_uid: 1c08mb2k file: cache/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.json key: cord-348567-rvwxysvc authors: Panfili, F. M.; Roversi, M.; D’Argenio, P.; Rossi, P.; Cappa, M.; Fintini, D. title: Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Endocrinol Invest DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0 sha: doc_id: 348567 cord_uid: rvwxysvc file: cache/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.json key: cord-348537-rsdyiygo authors: Pignatti, Marco; Pinto, Valentina; Miralles, Maria Elisa Lozano; Giorgini, Federico A.; Cipriani, Riccardo title: How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northen Italy date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 348537 cord_uid: rsdyiygo file: cache/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.json key: cord-348709-y1tws6p9 authors: Yusoff, Muhamad Saiful Bahri; Hadie, Siti Nurma Hanim; Mohamad, Irfan; Draman, Nani; Muhd Al-Aarifin, Ismail; Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah; Mat Pa, Mohamad Najib; Yaacob, Nor Azwany title: Sustainable Medical Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surviving the New Normal date: 2020-06-30 journal: Malays J Med Sci DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.14 sha: doc_id: 348709 cord_uid: y1tws6p9 file: cache/cord-348588-s85sseqo.json key: cord-348588-s85sseqo authors: Gharakhanlou, Navid Mahdizadeh; Hooshangi, Navid title: Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) date: 2020-07-30 journal: Inform Med Unlocked DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100403 sha: doc_id: 348588 cord_uid: s85sseqo file: cache/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.json key: cord-348619-rnjvdu12 authors: Lai, Lucinda; Wittbold, Kelley A.; Dadabhoy, Farah Z.; Sato, Rintaro; Landman, Adam B.; Schwamm, Lee H.; He, Shuhan; Patel, Rajesh; Wei, Nancy; Zuccotti, Gianna; Lennes, Inga T.; Medina, Danika; Sequist, Thomas D.; Bomba, Garrett; Keschner, Yonatan G.; Zhang, Haipeng (Mark) title: Digital triage: Novel strategies for population health management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-10-26 journal: Healthc (Amst) DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100493 sha: doc_id: 348619 cord_uid: rnjvdu12 file: cache/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.json key: cord-348458-dwj90mbq authors: Narula, Nupoor; Singh, Harsimran S. title: Cardiology Practice and Training Post-COVID-19: Achieving “Normalcy” After Disruption date: 2020-06-22 journal: J Am Coll Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.036 sha: doc_id: 348458 cord_uid: dwj90mbq file: cache/cord-348696-86nbwon2.json key: cord-348696-86nbwon2 authors: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi; Burgos-Blasco, Barbara; Vidal-Villegas, Beatriz; Garcia-Feijoo, Julián; Arriola-Villalobos, Pedro; Martínez-de-la-Casa, Jose María; Diaz-Valle, David; Konstas, Anastasios G. title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review date: 2020-08-18 journal: Adv Ther DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01442-7 sha: doc_id: 348696 cord_uid: 86nbwon2 file: cache/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.json key: cord-348535-tvs1snq8 authors: Ottaviani, Silvia; Stebbing, Justin title: What is the best drug to treat COVID-19? The need for randomized controlled trials date: 2020-05-19 journal: Med DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 348535 cord_uid: tvs1snq8 file: cache/cord-348725-vksombro.json key: cord-348725-vksombro authors: Teo, Leng Woon; Pang, Tanya; Ong, Yong Jin; Lai, Christopher title: "Coping with COVID-19: perspectives of student radiographers" date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 348725 cord_uid: vksombro file: cache/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.json key: cord-348748-rxyh58eu authors: Gorospe, Luis; Ayala-Carbonero, Ana María; Ureña-Vacas, Almudena; Medina-Díaz, Montserrat; Arrieta, Paola; Mirambeaux-Villalona, Rosa Mariela; Barrios-Barreto, Deisy; Muñoz-Molina, Gemma María; Cabañero-Sánchez, Alberto; Lage-Alfranca, Yolanda; Martín-Martín, Margarita; Benito-Berlinches, Amparo; Alarcón-Rodríguez, Javier title: COVID-19: Thoracic Diagnostic Interventional Procedures in Troubled Times() date: 2020-09-07 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 348748 cord_uid: rxyh58eu file: cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.json key: cord-348494-yx11ucrb authors: Ali, Kamran; Raja, Mahwish title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 journal: Evid Based Dent DOI: 10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 sha: doc_id: 348494 cord_uid: yx11ucrb file: cache/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.json key: cord-348658-fz5nfdf9 authors: Weiner, Joseph A.; Swiatek, Peter R.; Johnson, Daniel J.; Louie, Philip K.; Harada, Garrett K.; McCarthy, Michael H.; Germscheid, Niccole; Cheung, Jason P. Y.; Neva, Marko H.; El-Sharkawi, Mohammad; Valacco, Marcelo; Sciubba, Daniel M.; Chutken, Norman B.; An, Howard S.; Samartzis, Dino title: Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide? date: 2020-06-04 journal: Eur Spine J DOI: 10.1007/s00586-020-06477-6 sha: doc_id: 348658 cord_uid: fz5nfdf9 file: cache/cord-348786-25o7tam4.json key: cord-348786-25o7tam4 authors: Mella, Alberto; Mingozzi, Silvia; Gallo, Ester; Lavacca, Antonio; Rossetti, Maura; Clari, Roberta; Randone, Olga; Maffei, Stefano; Salomone, Mario; Imperiale, Daniele; Biancone, Luigi title: Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab date: 2020-06-17 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13348 sha: doc_id: 348786 cord_uid: 25o7tam4 file: cache/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.json key: cord-348755-2g5gi1du authors: Chow, D. S.; Glabis-Bloom, J.; Soun, J.; Weinberg, B.; Berens-Loveless, T.; Xie, X.; Mutasa, S.; Monuki, E.; Park, J. I.; Bota, D.; Wu, J.; Thompson, L.; Boden-Albala, B.; Khan, S.; Amin, A.; Chang, P. title: Development and External Validation of a Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Critical Disease date: 2020-05-11 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093435 sha: doc_id: 348755 cord_uid: 2g5gi1du file: cache/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.json key: cord-348674-ifcfyecf authors: Goh, Khean‐Lee; Chuah, Kee‐Huat title: COVID‐19 and the digestive system: More than just a “flu” date: 2020-06-05 journal: JGH Open DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12364 sha: doc_id: 348674 cord_uid: ifcfyecf file: cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.json key: cord-348614-im7qtr9k authors: Yánez Benítez, Carlos; Ribeiro, Marcelo A. F.; Alexandrino, Henrique; Koleda, Piotr; Baptista, Sérgio Faria; Azfar, Mohammad; Di Saverio, Salomone; Ponchietti, Luca; Güemes, Antonio; Blas, Juan L.; Mesquita, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 journal: Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y sha: doc_id: 348614 cord_uid: im7qtr9k file: cache/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.json key: cord-348773-ulnc9gdv authors: Hammoud, H.; Bendari, A.; Bendari, T.; Bougmiza, I. title: Post mortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.11.20210849 sha: doc_id: 348773 cord_uid: ulnc9gdv file: cache/cord-348787-8htlnb52.json key: cord-348787-8htlnb52 authors: Hettiarachchi, Dineshani; Noordeen, Nafeesa; Gamakaranage, Chanpika; Somarathne, E. A. Rumesh Buddhika D.; Jayasinghe, Saroj title: Ethical Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from Sri Lanka date: 2020-11-03 journal: Asian Bioeth Rev DOI: 10.1007/s41649-020-00153-z sha: doc_id: 348787 cord_uid: 8htlnb52 file: cache/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.json key: cord-348652-7n7rnonw authors: Ramos, Roberta Pulcheri; Ota-Arakaki, Jaquelina Sonoe title: Thrombosis and anticoagulation in COVID-19 date: 2020 journal: J Bras Pneumol DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200317 sha: doc_id: 348652 cord_uid: 7n7rnonw file: cache/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.json key: cord-348777-pk9y6vfp authors: Ding, Cheng; Feng, Xuewen; Chen, Yanfei; Yuan, Jing; Yi, Ping; Li, Yongtao; Ni, Qin; Zou, Rongrong; Li, Xiaohe; Sheng, Jifang; Li, Lanjuan; Xu, Kaijin title: Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-28 journal: Infect Dis Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00337-y sha: doc_id: 348777 cord_uid: pk9y6vfp file: cache/cord-348848-js36pw2r.json key: cord-348848-js36pw2r authors: Filut, Amarette; Carnes, Molly title: Will Losing Black Physicians Be a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-07-28 journal: Acad Med DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003651 sha: doc_id: 348848 cord_uid: js36pw2r file: cache/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.json key: cord-348771-gr7oa9up authors: Karri, Jay; Seymour, Michelle L.; Verduzco-Gutierrez, Monica; Jayaram, Prathap title: Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-08 journal: Am J Phys Med Rehabil DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001463 sha: doc_id: 348771 cord_uid: gr7oa9up file: cache/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.json key: cord-348717-qgny6f6y authors: Shumba, Constance; Maina, Rose; Mbuthia, Gladys; Kimani, Rachel; Mbugua, Stella; Shah, Sweta; Abubakar, Amina; Luchters, Stanley; Shaibu, Sheila; Ndirangu, Eunice title: Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date: 2020-09-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197028 sha: doc_id: 348717 cord_uid: qgny6f6y file: cache/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.json key: cord-348855-lnltoj1n authors: Iannaccone, Giulia; Scacciavillani, Roberto; Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe; Camilli, Massimiliano; Ronco, Claudio; Lavie, Carl J.; Abbate, Antonio; Crea, Filippo; Massetti, Massimo; Aspromonte, Nadia title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications date: 2020-06-29 journal: Cardiorenal Med DOI: 10.1159/000509483 sha: doc_id: 348855 cord_uid: lnltoj1n file: cache/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.json key: cord-348806-yi9vbgwj authors: Saladino, Valeria; Algeri, Davide; Auriemma, Vincenzo title: The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684 sha: doc_id: 348806 cord_uid: yi9vbgwj file: cache/cord-348941-orpngirf.json key: cord-348941-orpngirf authors: Torkian, Pooya; Rajebi, Hamid; Ramezani, Naghi; Kiani, Pejman; Akhlaghpoor, Shahram title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series date: 2020-09-17 journal: Clin Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 348941 cord_uid: orpngirf file: cache/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.json key: cord-348803-2lix3a0u authors: Ikemura, K.; Goldstein, D. Y.; Szymanski, J.; Bellin, E.; Stahl, L.; Yagi, Y.; Saada, M.; Simone, K.; Reyes Gil, M. title: Using Automated-Machine Learning to Predict COVID-19 Patient Survival: Identify Influential Biomarkers date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211086 sha: doc_id: 348803 cord_uid: 2lix3a0u file: cache/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.json key: cord-348823-u2gm3kyh authors: Baksh, Mizba; Ravat, Virendrasinh; Zaidi, Annam; Patel, Rikinkumar S title: A Systematic Review of Cases of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8188 sha: doc_id: 348823 cord_uid: u2gm3kyh file: cache/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.json key: cord-348813-v1sdodz9 authors: Kefale, Belayneh; Tegegne, Gobezie T.; Degu, Amsalu; Tadege, Melaku; Tesfa, Desalegn title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-19 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620967083 sha: doc_id: 348813 cord_uid: v1sdodz9 file: cache/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.json key: cord-348927-g69gt0oh authors: Li, Tong; Yin, Peng-Fei; Li, Ang; Shen, Maxwell R.; Yao, Yong-Xing title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-11-10 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.017 sha: doc_id: 348927 cord_uid: g69gt0oh file: cache/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.json key: cord-349031-tbof9yqi authors: Chen, Shiu-Jau; Wang, Shao-Cheng; Chen, Yuan-Chuan title: Novel Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-08-20 journal: Microorganisms DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091259 sha: doc_id: 349031 cord_uid: tbof9yqi file: cache/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.json key: cord-348835-4ocuw8uk authors: Aurelio, Mauro; Federico, De Grazia; Vincenzo, Lenti Marco; Roberto, Penagini; Roberto, Frego; Sandro, Ardizzone; Edoardo, Savarino; Franco, Radaelli; Matteo, Bosani; Stefania, Orlando; Arnaldo, Amato; Marco, Dinelli; Francesca, Ferretti; Elisabetta, Filippi; Maurizio, Vecchi; Davide, Stradella; Marco, Bardone; Lodovica, Pozzi; Laura, Rovedatti; Elena, Strada; Antonio, Di Sabatino title: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 inpatients: Incidence and management in a multicenter experience from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-14 journal: Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.025 sha: doc_id: 348835 cord_uid: 4ocuw8uk file: cache/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.json key: cord-348976-hgty4t7c authors: Cai, Yi; Jiam, Nicole T.; Wai, Katherine C.; Shuman, Elizabeth A.; Roland, Lauren T.; Chang, Jolie L. title: Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: Laryngoscope DOI: 10.1002/lary.28733 sha: doc_id: 348976 cord_uid: hgty4t7c file: cache/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.json key: cord-348807-9xxc5hyl authors: Cuomo, Raphael E.; Purushothaman, Vidya; Li, Jiawei; Cai, Mingxiang; Mackey, Timothy K. title: Sub-national longitudinal and geospatial analysis of COVID-19 tweets date: 2020-10-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241330 sha: doc_id: 348807 cord_uid: 9xxc5hyl file: cache/cord-348847-53s19r16.json key: cord-348847-53s19r16 authors: Lu, T.; Reis, B. Y. title: Internet Search Patterns Reveal Clinical Course of Disease Progression for COVID-19 and Predict Pandemic Spread in 32 Countries date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087858 sha: doc_id: 348847 cord_uid: 53s19r16 file: cache/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.json key: cord-348963-1faxyx9x authors: ALHAERY, M.; suh, e. title: A COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index: The Key to Opening up the Economy date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110577 sha: doc_id: 348963 cord_uid: 1faxyx9x file: cache/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.json key: cord-349095-fnlgm4dv authors: Youssef, Sofian; Zaidi, Syed; Shrestha, Sandesh; Varghese, Christy; Rajagopalan, Sriram title: First impressions of the foundation interim year 1 postings: positives, pitfalls, and perils date: 2020-06-25 journal: Medical education online DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1785116 sha: doc_id: 349095 cord_uid: fnlgm4dv file: cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.json key: cord-349008-x750xe8n authors: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B.; Lee, Wayne; Manson, David E.; Amaral, Joao G.; Bojic, Zoran; Cote, Michelle S.; Fernandes, Joanne M.; Murray, Darlene; Shammas, Amer; Therrien-Miller, Natalie; Shroff, Manohar M. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04704-2 sha: doc_id: 349008 cord_uid: x750xe8n file: cache/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.json key: cord-349144-cvmebr3f authors: Barca, Ida; Novembre, Daniela; Giofrè, Elio; Caruso, Davide; Cordaro, Raffaella; Kallaverja, Elvis; Ferragina, Francesco; Cristofaro, Maria Giulia title: Telemedicine in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery: An Effective Alternative in Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207365 sha: doc_id: 349144 cord_uid: cvmebr3f file: cache/cord-348975-plne3xlz.json key: cord-348975-plne3xlz authors: Wagner, Tyler; Shweta, FNU; Murugadoss, Karthik; Awasthi, Samir; Venkatakrishnan, AJ; Bade, Sairam; Puranik, Arjun; Kang, Martin; Pickering, Brian W; O'Horo, John C; Bauer, Philippe R; Razonable, Raymund R; Vergidis, Paschalis; Temesgen, Zelalem; Rizza, Stacey; Mahmood, Maryam; Wilson, Walter R; Challener, Douglas; Anand, Praveen; Liebers, Matt; Doctor, Zainab; Silvert, Eli; Solomon, Hugo; Anand, Akash; Barve, Rakesh; Gores, Gregory; Williams, Amy W; Morice, William G; Halamka, John; Badley, Andrew; Soundararajan, Venky title: Augmented curation of clinical notes from a massive EHR system reveals symptoms of impending COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-07-07 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.58227 sha: doc_id: 348975 cord_uid: plne3xlz file: cache/cord-348879-opzkodt7.json key: cord-348879-opzkodt7 authors: Nune, A.; Iyengar, K.; Ahmed, A.; Sapkota, H. title: Challenges in delivering rheumatology care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-25 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05312-z sha: doc_id: 348879 cord_uid: opzkodt7 file: cache/cord-349078-59wel5o5.json key: cord-349078-59wel5o5 authors: Kanniah, Kasturi Devi; Zaman, Nurul Amalin Fatihah Kamarul; Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G.; Latif, Mohd Talib title: COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region date: 2020-05-25 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139658 sha: doc_id: 349078 cord_uid: 59wel5o5 file: cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.json key: cord-348999-989vojgu authors: Boddington, N. L.; Charlett, A.; Elgohari, S.; Walker, J. L.; Mcdonald, H.; Byers, C.; Coughlan, L.; Garcia Vilaplana, T.; Whillock, R.; Sinnathamby, M.; Panagiotopoulos, N.; Letley, L.; MacDonald, P.; Vivancos, R.; Edeghere, O.; Shingleton, J.; Bennett, E.; Grint, D. J.; Strongman, H.; Mansfield, K. E.; Rentsch, C.; Minassian, C.; Douglas, I. J.; Mathur, R.; Peppa, M.; Cottrell, S.; McMenamin, J.; Zambon, M.; Ramsay, M.; Dabrera, G.; Saliba, V.; Lopez Bernal, J. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20086157 sha: doc_id: 348999 cord_uid: 989vojgu file: cache/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.json key: cord-349124-nhnl7zgi authors: de Sandes‐Freitas, Tainá Veras; Canito Brasil, Ivelise Regina; Oliveira Sales, Maria Luiza de Mattos Brito; Studart e Neves Lunguinho, Marina Seixas; Pimentel, Ítalo Rossy Sousa; Josino da Costa, Lucianna Auxi Teixeira; Esmeraldo, Ronaldo de Matos title: Lessons from SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit date: 2020-07-13 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13376 sha: doc_id: 349124 cord_uid: nhnl7zgi file: cache/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.json key: cord-349226-xzlc1pni authors: Khatiwada, Saroj; Subedi, Astha title: Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible link and implications date: 2020-08-05 journal: Hum Microb J DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2020.100073 sha: doc_id: 349226 cord_uid: xzlc1pni file: cache/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.json key: cord-349104-p0egfpx9 authors: Modi, Anita R.; Koval, Christine E.; Taege, Alan J.; Modaresi Esfeh, Jamak; Eghtesad, Bijan; Narayanan Menon, K. V.; Quintini, Cristiano; Miller, Charles title: Coronavirus disease 2019 in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient living with human immunodeficiency virus date: 2020-06-17 journal: Transpl Infect Dis DOI: 10.1111/tid.13351 sha: doc_id: 349104 cord_uid: p0egfpx9 file: cache/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.json key: cord-349198-mx5pu9fq authors: Sverzellati, Nicola; Milanese, Gianluca; Milone, Francesca; Balbi, Maurizio; Ledda, Roberta E.; Silva, Mario title: Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 journal: J Thorac Imaging DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000516 sha: doc_id: 349198 cord_uid: mx5pu9fq file: cache/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.json key: cord-349297-de6vwlh5 authors: Chow, D. S.; Soun, J.; Gavis-Bloom, J.; Weinberg, B.; Chang, P.; Mutasa, S.; Monuki, E.; Park, J. I.; Xie, X.; Bota, D.; Wu, J.; Thompson, L.; Amin, A.; Khan, S.; Boden-Albala, B. title: The disproportionate rise in COVID-19 cases among Hispanic/Latinx in disadvantaged communities of Orange County, California: A socioeconomic case-series date: 2020-05-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20090878 sha: doc_id: 349297 cord_uid: de6vwlh5 file: cache/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.json key: cord-349263-mmfrqyrc authors: Rodríguez, A.; Moreno, G.; Gómez, J.; Carbonell, R.; Picó-Plana, E.; Benavent Bofill, C.; Sánchez Parrilla, R.; Trefler, S.; Esteve Pitarch, E.; Canadell, L.; Teixido, X.; Claverias, L.; Bodí, M. title: Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 349263 cord_uid: mmfrqyrc file: cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.json key: cord-349159-rndtf508 authors: Brosseau, Lisa M; Rosen, Jonathan; Harrison, Robert title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Work Expo Health DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 sha: doc_id: 349159 cord_uid: rndtf508 file: cache/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.json key: cord-349313-2gupfqnl authors: Martinez-Perez, Clara; Alvarez-Peregrina, Cristina; Villa-Collar, Cesar; Sánchez-Tena, Miguel Ángel title: Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207690 sha: doc_id: 349313 cord_uid: 2gupfqnl file: cache/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.json key: cord-349360-dv4lxx52 authors: Cozza, Valerio; Fransvea, Pietro; La Greca, Antonio; De Paolis, Paolo; Marini, Pierluigi; Zago, Mauro; Sganga, Gabriele title: I-ACTSS-COVID-19—the Italian acute care and trauma surgery survey for COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-06-24 journal: Updates Surg DOI: 10.1007/s13304-020-00832-4 sha: doc_id: 349360 cord_uid: dv4lxx52 file: cache/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.json key: cord-349408-2ser9zjc authors: Iannuzzi, Nicholas P.; Lack, William D.; Gee, Albert O.; Chansky, Howard A. title: An Orthopaedic Department’s Response to the COVID-19 Health-Care Crisis: Indirect and Direct Actions with Thoughts for the Future date: 2020-05-05 journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00611 sha: doc_id: 349408 cord_uid: 2ser9zjc file: cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.json key: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo authors: Ji, Ping; Chen, Jianmeng; Golding, Amit; Nikolov, Nikolay P.; Saluja, Bhawana; Ren, Yunzhao R.; Sahajwalla, Chandrahas title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1729 sha: doc_id: 349210 cord_uid: 8t4a5qqo file: cache/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.json key: cord-349418-98sgr5iv authors: Bo, Yacong; Guo, Cui; Lin, Changqing; Zeng, Yiqian; Li, Hao Bi; Zhang, Yumiao; Hossain, Md Shakhaoat; Chan, Jimmy W.M.; Yeung, David W.; Kwok, Kin-on; Wong, Samuel Y.S.; Lau, Alexis K.H.; Lao, Xiang Qian title: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020 date: 2020-10-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.066 sha: doc_id: 349418 cord_uid: 98sgr5iv file: cache/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.json key: cord-349565-g1emvmdu authors: Conti, Clara Benedetta; Henchi, Sonia; Coppeta, Giovanni Paolo; Testa, Sophie; Grassia, Roberto title: Bleeding in COVID-19 severe pneumonia: The other side of abnormal coagulation pattern? date: 2020-05-07 journal: Eur J Intern Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.002 sha: doc_id: 349565 cord_uid: g1emvmdu file: cache/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.json key: cord-349415-q0g0uqj6 authors: Commodari, Elena; La Rosa, Valentina Lucia title: Adolescents in Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Perceived Health Risk, Beliefs, Psychological Experiences and Expectations for the Future date: 2020-09-23 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559951 sha: doc_id: 349415 cord_uid: q0g0uqj6 file: cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.json key: cord-349276-viq01q8l authors: Shaw, Rajib; Kim, Yong-kyun; Hua, Jinling title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 journal: Progress in Disaster Science DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090 sha: doc_id: 349276 cord_uid: viq01q8l file: cache/cord-349329-f0pbd968.json key: cord-349329-f0pbd968 authors: Bosteels, Cedric; Maes, Bastiaan; Van Damme, Karel; De Leeuw, Elisabeth; Declercq, Jozefien; Delporte, Anja; Demeyere, Bénédicte; Vermeersch, Stéfanie; Vuylsteke, Marnik; Willaert, Joren; Bollé, Laura; Vanbiervliet, Yuri; Decuypere, Jana; Libeer, Frederick; Vandecasteele, Stefaan; Peene, Isabelle; Lambrecht, Bart title: Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-05 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04451-7 sha: doc_id: 349329 cord_uid: f0pbd968 file: cache/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.json key: cord-349439-3z0b77r5 authors: Mandal, Amitabha; Nandi, Sourabh; Chhebbi, Madiwalesh; Basu, Abhijit; Ray, Mukurdipi title: A Systematic Review on Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: Current Guidelines and Safety Measures date: 2020-09-28 journal: Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02152-w sha: doc_id: 349439 cord_uid: 3z0b77r5 file: cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.json key: cord-349474-pprxwij6 authors: Elshami, Wiam; Akudjedu, Theophilus N.; Abuzaid, Mohamed; David, Leena R.; Tekin, Huseyin Ozan; Cavli, B.; Issa, Bashar title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 349474 cord_uid: pprxwij6 file: cache/cord-349645-6o8773c5.json key: cord-349645-6o8773c5 authors: Li, He; Xu, Xiao-Long; Dai, Da-Wei; Huang, Zhen-Yu; Ma, Zhuang; Guan, Yan-Jun title: Air Pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study date: 2020-06-02 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.076 sha: doc_id: 349645 cord_uid: 6o8773c5 file: cache/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.json key: cord-349353-2ll9hzfr authors: Giordano, Chiara title: Freedom or money? 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Cecilia; Schenkman, Andrew title: The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Labor and Delivery, Newborn Nursery, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prospective Observational Data from a Single Hospital System date: 2020-06-13 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713416 sha: doc_id: 349428 cord_uid: i2s41kl7 file: cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.json key: cord-349740-xed4aybr authors: Wang, Yulong; Zeng, Lian; Yao, Sheng; Zhu, Fengzhao; Liu, Chaozong; Di Laura, Anna; Henckel, Johann; Shao, Zengwu; Hirschmann, Michael T.; Hart, Alister; Guo, Xiaodong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06092-4 sha: doc_id: 349740 cord_uid: xed4aybr file: cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.json key: cord-349445-yh6ndtgm authors: Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar; Mohammed El Tabaa, Maram title: Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost date: 2020-05-27 journal: Biochem Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114057 sha: doc_id: 349445 cord_uid: yh6ndtgm file: cache/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.json key: cord-349477-3qhpu7v0 authors: Jarynowski, A.; Wojta-Kempa, M.; Krzowski, L. title: An attempt to optimize human resources allocation based on spatial diversity of COVID-19 cases in Poland date: 2020-10-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20090985 sha: doc_id: 349477 cord_uid: 3qhpu7v0 file: cache/cord-349794-mhviub6e.json key: cord-349794-mhviub6e authors: Le, Brian L.; Andreoletti, Gaia; Oskotsky, Tomiko; Vallejo-Gracia, Albert; Rosales, Romel; Yu, Katharine; Kosti, Idit; Leon, Kristoffer E.; Bunis, Daniel G.; Li, Christine; Kumar, G. Renuka; White, Kris M.; García-Sastre, Adolfo; Ott, Melanie; Sirota, Marina title: Transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline identifies therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-23 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.23.352666 sha: doc_id: 349794 cord_uid: mhviub6e file: cache/cord-349757-lhdkps01.json key: cord-349757-lhdkps01 authors: Barba, Maddalena; Krasniqi, Eriseld; Ciliberto, Gennaro; Vici, Patrizia title: Cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019: evidence in context date: 2020-08-15 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02483-w sha: doc_id: 349757 cord_uid: lhdkps01 file: cache/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.json key: cord-349898-nvi8h77t authors: Dinh, Ly; Parulian, Nikolaus title: COVID‐19 pandemic and information diffusion analysis on Twitter date: 2020-10-22 journal: Proc Assoc Inf Sci Technol DOI: 10.1002/pra2.252 sha: doc_id: 349898 cord_uid: nvi8h77t file: cache/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.json key: cord-349840-xs2chzmn authors: Sharma, Varun Kumar; Tomar, Lomas Kumar; Tyagi, Charu; Manjhi, Jayanad; Reddy, Yugandhar P.; Tiwari, Santosh Kumar title: COVID-19 and Anticoagulant based therapeutics: an approach with great promise date: 2020-10-07 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.014 sha: doc_id: 349840 cord_uid: xs2chzmn file: cache/cord-349786-12lc3342.json key: cord-349786-12lc3342 authors: Acquah, Samuel title: Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic African Region date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Diabetes Res DOI: 10.1155/2020/8205261 sha: doc_id: 349786 cord_uid: 12lc3342 file: cache/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.json key: cord-349841-eigcqb1b authors: Boukanjime, Brahim; Caraballo, Tomas; Fatini, Mohamed El; Khalifi, Mohamed El title: Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching date: 2020-10-16 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110361 sha: doc_id: 349841 cord_uid: eigcqb1b file: cache/cord-349558-vof63qat.json key: cord-349558-vof63qat authors: Jain, Vageesh; Yuan, Jin-Min title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 sha: doc_id: 349558 cord_uid: vof63qat file: cache/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.json key: cord-349867-e4f3qlae authors: Nkodo, Jacques-Alexis; Camus, Vincent; Fougère, Bertrand title: Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France date: 2020-10-06 journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 349867 cord_uid: e4f3qlae file: cache/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.json key: cord-349838-p6vfzbla authors: Algwaiz, Ghada; Aljurf, Mahmoud; Koh, Mickey; Horowitz, Mary M.; Ljungman, Per; Weisdorf, Daniel; Saber, Wael; Kodera, Yoshihisa; Szer, Jeff; Jawdat, Dunia; Wood, William A.; Brazauskas, Ruta; Lehmann, Leslie; Pasquini, Marcelo C.; Seber, Adriana; Lu, Pei Hua; Atsuta, Yoshiko; Riches, Marcie; Perales, Miguel-Angel; Worel, Nina; Okamoto, Shinichiro; Srivastava, Alok; Chemaly, Roy F.; Cordonnier, Catherine; Dandoy, Christopher E.; Wingard, John R.; Kharfan-Dabaja, Mohamed A.; Hamadani, Mehdi; Majhail, Navneet S.; Waghmare, Alpana A.; Chao, Nelson; Kröger, Nicolaus; Shaw, Bronwen; Mohty, Mohamad; Niederwieser, Dietger; Greinix, Hildegard; Hashmi, Shahrukh K. title: Real-world issues and potential solutions in HCT during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from the WBMT and the CIBMTR's Health Services and International Studies Committee date: 2020-07-24 journal: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.021 sha: doc_id: 349838 cord_uid: p6vfzbla file: cache/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.json key: cord-349868-lb2jcl8m authors: Patel, Jay; Patel, Radhika; Rodriguez, Lyd-Marie; Blanco, Anamarys; Hamza, Alan title: Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review date: 2020-07-12 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9151 sha: doc_id: 349868 cord_uid: lb2jcl8m file: cache/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.json key: cord-349842-2euxyh5l authors: Gu, Renjun; Xu, Senlei; Li, Ziyun; Gu, Yihuang; Sun, Zhiguang title: The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-31 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021373 sha: doc_id: 349842 cord_uid: 2euxyh5l file: cache/cord-349899-3hprecor.json key: cord-349899-3hprecor authors: Cohen, J. 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J. title: Schools are not islands: Balancing COVID-19 risk and educational benefits using structural and temporal countermeasures date: 2020-09-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190942 sha: doc_id: 349899 cord_uid: 3hprecor file: cache/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.json key: cord-349822-ehidj2ev authors: Chang, Raymond; Sun, Wei-Zen title: Repositioned chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for COVID-19: A protocol for rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20071167 sha: doc_id: 349822 cord_uid: ehidj2ev file: cache/cord-349902-3ov501xx.json key: cord-349902-3ov501xx authors: Sufian, Abu; Ghosh, Anirudha; Sadiq, Ali Safaa; Smarandache, Florentin title: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101830 sha: doc_id: 349902 cord_uid: 3ov501xx file: cache/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.json key: cord-349909-hmyv1nep authors: Misa, Nana-Yaa; Perez, Berenice; Basham, Kellie; Fisher-Hobson, Essence; Butler, Brittany; King, Kolette; White, Douglas A.E.; Anderson, Erik S. title: Racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 disease burden & mortality among emergency department patients in a safety net health system date: 2020-09-24 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.053 sha: doc_id: 349909 cord_uid: hmyv1nep file: cache/cord-349682-kpg0vley.json key: cord-349682-kpg0vley authors: Ojha, Probir Kumar; Kar, Supratik; Krishna, Jillella Gopala; Roy, Kunal; Leszczynski, Jerzy title: Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices—where we are, where we are heading to date: 2020-09-02 journal: Mol Divers DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10134-x sha: doc_id: 349682 cord_uid: kpg0vley file: cache/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.json key: cord-349646-imv0sc9y authors: Lee, Yonghyun; Min, Pokkee; Lee, Seonggu; Kim, Shin-Woo title: Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Korean Med Sci DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174 sha: doc_id: 349646 cord_uid: imv0sc9y file: cache/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.json key: cord-349678-79zlgjqi authors: Warrior, Krishnan; Chung, Paul A.; Ahmed, Nida; Soult, Michael C.; Simpson, Kevin P. title: Acute Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Thrombosis Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000140 sha: doc_id: 349678 cord_uid: 79zlgjqi file: cache/cord-349836-m9b65l75.json key: cord-349836-m9b65l75 authors: Malhotra, C.; Chaudhry, I.; Ozdemir, S.; Teo, I.; Finkelstein, E. A. title: Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 sha: doc_id: 349836 cord_uid: m9b65l75 file: cache/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.json key: cord-349755-81ijzz3a authors: Perz, Catherine A.; Lang, Brent A.; Harrington, Rick title: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a US College Sample date: 2020-06-25 journal: Int J Ment Health Addict DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00356-3 sha: doc_id: 349755 cord_uid: 81ijzz3a file: cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.json key: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 authors: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 journal: Radiol Clin North Am DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 349949 cord_uid: jp0hvcg6 file: cache/cord-349973-7441gjda.json key: cord-349973-7441gjda authors: Ahmed, Y. N.; Gokaraju, S.; Powrie, D.; Amran, D.; El Sayed, I.; Roshdy, A. title: Predictors of CPAP outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130880 sha: doc_id: 349973 cord_uid: 7441gjda file: cache/cord-349912-em1abdrg.json key: cord-349912-em1abdrg authors: Meng, Xiangming; Deng, Yanzhong; Dai, Zhiyong; Meng, Zhisheng title: COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge date: 2020-06-02 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581 sha: doc_id: 349912 cord_uid: em1abdrg file: cache/cord-349852-atayq3fi.json key: cord-349852-atayq3fi authors: Volpe, Massimo; Gallo, Giovanna title: COVID-19 and the Forgotten Majority date: 2020-08-29 journal: High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00407-9 sha: doc_id: 349852 cord_uid: atayq3fi file: cache/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.json key: cord-350001-pd2bnqbp authors: Liu, L.; Vikram, S.; Lao, J.; Ben, X.; D'Amour, A.; O'Banion, S.; Sandler, M.; Saurous, R. A.; Hoffman, M. D. title: Estimating the Changing Infection Rate of COVID-19 Using Bayesian Models of Mobility date: 2020-08-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.06.20169664 sha: doc_id: 350001 cord_uid: pd2bnqbp file: cache/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.json key: cord-349980-x1h5dhn9 authors: Ge, Huiqing; Pan, Qing; Zhou, Yong; Xu, Peifeng; Zhang, Lingwei; Zhang, Junli; Yi, Jun; Yang, Changming; Zhou, Yuhan; Liu, Limin; Zhang, Zhongheng title: Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data date: 2020-08-21 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00541 sha: doc_id: 349980 cord_uid: x1h5dhn9 file: cache/cord-350006-c4be9eii.json key: cord-350006-c4be9eii authors: Martina, Stefano; Amato, Alessandra; Rongo, Roberto; Caggiano, Mario; Amato, Massimo title: The Perception of COVID-19 among Italian Dentists: An Orthodontic Point of View date: 2020-06-18 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124384 sha: doc_id: 350006 cord_uid: c4be9eii file: cache/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.json key: cord-349945-kur9r5n5 authors: Bataille, Stanislas; Pedinielli, Nathalie; Bergougnioux, Jean-Philippe title: Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients? date: 2020-04-22 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.017 sha: doc_id: 349945 cord_uid: kur9r5n5 file: cache/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.json key: cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 authors: McDade, Thomas W.; Sancilio, Amelia title: Beyond serosurveys: Human biology and the measurement of SARS‐Cov‐2 antibodies date: 2020-08-09 journal: Am J Hum Biol DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23483 sha: doc_id: 350029 cord_uid: 1y5ex4d5 file: cache/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.json key: cord-350041-b1vmnwv2 authors: Cena, Hellas; Chieppa, Marcello title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? date: 2020-05-07 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00944 sha: doc_id: 350041 cord_uid: b1vmnwv2 file: cache/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.json key: cord-350015-mg5wiihj authors: Chen, Yiyin; Klein, Sabra L.; Garibaldi, Brian T.; Li, Huifen; Wu, Cunjin; Osevala, Nicole M.; Li, Taisheng; Margolick, Joseph B.; Pawelec, Graham; Leng, Sean X. title: Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention date: 2020-10-31 journal: Ageing Res Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 sha: doc_id: 350015 cord_uid: mg5wiihj file: cache/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.json key: cord-349954-bozgrzvf authors: Quintaliani, Giuseppe; Reboldi, Gianpaolo; Di Napoli, Anteo; Nordio, Maurizio; Limido, Aurelio; Aucella, Filippo; Messa, Piergiorgio; Brunori, Giuliano title: Exposure to novel coronavirus in patients on renal replacement therapy during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: survey of the Italian Society of Nephrology date: 2020-07-03 journal: J Nephrol DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00794-1 sha: doc_id: 349954 cord_uid: bozgrzvf file: cache/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.json key: cord-350053-bgtl85mq authors: Terzi, Francesca; Cefarelli, Mariano; Fattori, Rossella; Di Eusanio, Marco title: Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 journal: Aorta (Stamford) DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713107 sha: doc_id: 350053 cord_uid: bgtl85mq file: cache/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.json key: cord-350016-yxf7ykva authors: Qin, Le; Yang, Yanzhao; Cao, Qiqi; Cheng, Zenghui; Wang, Xiaoyang; Sun, Qingfeng; Yan, Fuhua; Qu, Jieming; Yang, Wenjie title: A predictive model and scoring system combining clinical and CT characteristics for the diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07022-1 sha: doc_id: 350016 cord_uid: yxf7ykva file: cache/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.json key: cord-350065-frg7gvf5 authors: Parolari, Alessandro; di Mauro, Michele; Bonalumi, Giorgia; Barili, Fabio; Garatti, Andrea; Carretta, Giovanni; Donato, Daniele; Pagano, Domenico; Gerosa, Gino title: Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to ‘phase’ 2 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa187 sha: doc_id: 350065 cord_uid: frg7gvf5 file: cache/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.json key: cord-350062-6xsh2pis authors: Juul, Sophie; Nielsen, Emil Eik; Feinberg, Joshua; Siddiqui, Faiza; Jørgensen, Caroline Kamp; Barot, Emily; Nielsen, Niklas; Bentzer, Peter; Veroniki, Areti Angeliki; Thabane, Lehana; Bu, Fanlong; Klingenberg, Sarah; Gluud, Christian; Jakobsen, Janus Christian title: Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) date: 2020-09-17 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003293 sha: doc_id: 350062 cord_uid: 6xsh2pis file: cache/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.json key: cord-350130-c4u0gxp5 authors: Wu, Yi-Chi; Chen, Ching-Sung; Chan, Yu-Jiun title: The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview date: 2020-02-12 journal: J Chin Med Assoc DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000270 sha: doc_id: 350130 cord_uid: c4u0gxp5 file: cache/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.json key: cord-350200-1w5u3w8i authors: Hendren, Elizabeth M.; Matthews, Nicola; Oliver, Mathew; Rice, Julie; Tobe, Sheldon W.; Auguste, Bourne L. title: An Interprofessional Approach in Caring for a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis with COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada: An Educational Case Report date: 2020-09-08 journal: Can J Kidney Health Dis DOI: 10.1177/2054358120957473 sha: doc_id: 350200 cord_uid: 1w5u3w8i file: cache/cord-350059-c25md0vm.json key: cord-350059-c25md0vm authors: Delgado, Diego; Wyss Quintana, Fernando; Perez, Gonzalo; Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro; Ponte-Negretti, Carlos; Mendoza, Ivan; Baranchuk, Adrian title: Personal Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities and Perspectives of Healthcare Workers in Latin America † date: 2020-04-18 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082798 sha: doc_id: 350059 cord_uid: c25md0vm file: cache/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.json key: cord-350172-w3yoxhsg authors: Mertens, Pascal; De Vos, Nathalie; Martiny, Delphine; Jassoy, Christian; Mirazimi, Ali; Cuypers, Lize; Van den Wijngaert, Sigi; Monteil, Vanessa; Melin, Pierrette; Stoffels, Karolien; Yin, Nicolas; Mileto, Davide; Delaunoy, Sabrina; Magein, Henri; Lagrou, Katrien; Bouzet, Justine; Serrano, Gabriela; Wautier, Magali; Leclipteux, Thierry; Van Ranst, Marc; Vandenberg, Olivier title: Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context date: 2020-05-08 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00225 sha: doc_id: 350172 cord_uid: w3yoxhsg file: cache/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.json key: cord-350179-ltk5hfc4 authors: Paganini, Matteo; Conti, Andrea; Weinstein, Eric; Della Corte, Francesco; Ragazzoni, Luca title: Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure date: 2020-03-27 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.57 sha: doc_id: 350179 cord_uid: ltk5hfc4 file: cache/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.json key: cord-350177-j9wyrfse authors: Stewart, John A. title: ILCOR’s revised Covid-19 defibrillation recommendation requires a new approach to training date: 2020-11-07 journal: Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med DOI: 10.1186/s13049-020-00804-y sha: doc_id: 350177 cord_uid: j9wyrfse file: cache/cord-350110-tybh207e.json key: cord-350110-tybh207e authors: Poggiali, Erika; Dacrema, Alessandro; Bastoni, Davide; Tinelli, Valentina; Demichele, Elena; Mateo Ramos, Pau; Marcianò, Teodoro; Silva, Matteo; Vercelli, Andrea; Magnacavallo, Andrea title: Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? date: 2020-03-13 journal: Radiology DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200847 sha: doc_id: 350110 cord_uid: tybh207e file: cache/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.json key: cord-350236-7fit8q1s authors: Wan, Bin; 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Zhang, Kai; Tang, Qilin; Sun, Kaihang; Han, Zhenzhen title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-02 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020701 sha: doc_id: 350066 cord_uid: xwf7u4n5 file: cache/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.json key: cord-350131-rsrlri8m authors: Amer, Mohamed A.; El-Sherif, Hossam S.; Abdel-Hamid, Ahmed S.; El-Zayat, Saad title: Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study date: 2020-09-14 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102725 sha: doc_id: 350131 cord_uid: rsrlri8m file: cache/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.json key: cord-350134-gl3qtoug authors: Brun, Gilles; Hak, Jean-François; Coze, Stéphanie; Kaphan, Elsa; Carvelli, Julien; Girard, Nadine; Stellmann, Jan-Patrick title: COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? date: 2020-05-22 journal: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000777 sha: doc_id: 350134 cord_uid: gl3qtoug file: cache/cord-350232-zml4o93t.json key: cord-350232-zml4o93t authors: Peck, Richard W; Weiner, Daniel; Cook, Jack; Powell, J Robert title: A Real‐World Evidence Framework for Optimising Dosing in All Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1922 sha: doc_id: 350232 cord_uid: zml4o93t file: cache/cord-350082-n39wakfp.json key: cord-350082-n39wakfp authors: Yi, Zhan-Miao; Hu, Yang; Wang, Guan-Ru; Zhao, Rong-Sheng title: Mapping Evidence of Pharmacy Services for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.555753 sha: doc_id: 350082 cord_uid: n39wakfp file: cache/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.json key: cord-350261-7lkcdisr authors: Asirvatham, Edwin Sam; Sarman, Charishma Jones; Saravanamurthy, Sakthivel P.; Mahalingam, Periasamy; Maduraipandian, Swarna; Lakshmanan, Jeyaseelan title: Who is dying from COVID-19 and when? An Analysis of fatalities in Tamil Nadu, India date: 2020-10-03 journal: Clin Epidemiol Glob Health DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 350261 cord_uid: 7lkcdisr file: cache/cord-350207-izkzl39p.json key: cord-350207-izkzl39p authors: Prost, Stephanie Grace; Novisky, Meghan A; Rorvig, Leah; Zaller, Nick; Williams, Brie title: Prisons and COVID-19: A Desperate Call for Gerontological Expertise in Correctional Health Care date: 2020-07-24 journal: Gerontologist DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa088 sha: doc_id: 350207 cord_uid: izkzl39p file: cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.json key: cord-350379-6l55soxu authors: Lee, Jenny J.; Haupt, John P. title: Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 journal: High Educ (Dordr) DOI: 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0 sha: doc_id: 350379 cord_uid: 6l55soxu file: cache/cord-350383-a7wa571o.json key: cord-350383-a7wa571o authors: Sudeep, HV; Gouthamchandra, K; Shyamprasad, K title: Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease date: 2020-04-30 journal: Bioinformation DOI: 10.6026/97320630016411 sha: doc_id: 350383 cord_uid: a7wa571o file: cache/cord-350255-tthttyl3.json key: cord-350255-tthttyl3 authors: Poirier, Canelle; Luo, Wei; Majumder, Maimuna S.; Liu, Dianbo; Mandl, Kenneth D.; Mooring, Todd A.; Santillana, Mauricio title: The role of environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak: an initial assessment in two spatial scales date: 2020-10-12 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74089-7 sha: doc_id: 350255 cord_uid: tthttyl3 file: cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.json key: cord-350338-lcsa06gm authors: Wang, Kun; Zuo, Peiyuan; Liu, Yuwei; Zhang, Meng; Zhao, Xiaofang; Xie, Songpu; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Xinglin; Liu, Chengyun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa538 sha: doc_id: 350338 cord_uid: lcsa06gm file: cache/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.json key: cord-350377-vq9eblr0 authors: Sukumar, Vivek; Pandey, Diwakar; Kumar, Barath Raj; Patel, Swapnil; Pawar, Tushar; Rohila, Jitender; DeSouza, Ashwin; Saklani, Avanish title: Colorectal Services in Covid-19 Times: Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, the Need of the Hour date: 2020-10-14 journal: Indian J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01241-0 sha: doc_id: 350377 cord_uid: vq9eblr0 file: cache/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.json key: cord-350375-07l9hqsr authors: Escher, Allan R title: An Ounce of Prevention: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Mass Gatherings date: 2020-03-20 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7345 sha: doc_id: 350375 cord_uid: 07l9hqsr file: cache/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.json key: cord-350390-ukoi8jyg authors: Demkina, A. E.; Morozov, S.; Vladzymyrskyy, A. V.; Kljashtorny, V. G.; Guseva, O. I.; Pugachev, P. S.; Artemova, O. R.; Reshetnikov, R. V.; Gombolevskiy, V. A.; Ryabinina, M. N. title: Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date: 2020-11-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 sha: doc_id: 350390 cord_uid: ukoi8jyg file: cache/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.json key: cord-350325-vu8v9epr authors: Malih, Narges; Hajinasrollah, Ghazal; Zare, Marjan; Taheri, Mahboobeh title: Unexpected Presentation of COVID-19 in a 38-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report date: 2020-07-29 journal: Case Rep Dermatol DOI: 10.1159/000509994 sha: doc_id: 350325 cord_uid: vu8v9epr file: cache/cord-350239-jwwazskv.json key: cord-350239-jwwazskv authors: Begley, J. L.; Brazil, V. title: Assessing the risk of nosocomial infection posed by COVID‐19 tracheal intubation: the first intubateCOVID results date: 2020-07-22 journal: Anaesthesia DOI: 10.1111/anae.15219 sha: doc_id: 350239 cord_uid: jwwazskv file: cache/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.json key: cord-350281-vmz7gnhm authors: Meleveedu, Kapil S; Miskovsky, John; Meharg, Joseph; Abdelrahman, Abd; Tandon, Richa; Moody, Ashley E.; Dasilva, Priscilla; Masse, Gabrielle; LaPorte, Jason; Saied Calvino, Abdul; Allen, Greg; El-Bizri, Rabih; Roberts, Todd; Armenio, Vincent; Katz, Steven C. title: Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 related illness – A community academic medical center experience date: 2020-09-02 journal: Cytokine X DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100035 sha: doc_id: 350281 cord_uid: vmz7gnhm file: cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.json key: cord-350321-jy4i403g authors: Ku, Benson S.; Druss, Benjamin G. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 journal: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06130-4 sha: doc_id: 350321 cord_uid: jy4i403g file: cache/cord-350406-o90k48vy.json key: cord-350406-o90k48vy authors: Mannheim, Jonathan; Gretsch, Stephanie; Layden, Jennifer E; Fricchione, Marielle J title: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March–April 2020 date: 2020-06-01 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa070 sha: doc_id: 350406 cord_uid: o90k48vy file: cache/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.json key: cord-350429-v36lrg3p authors: Iyengar, Karthikeyan; Mabrouk, Ahmed; Jain, Vijay Kumar; Venkatesan, Aakaash; Vaishya, Raju title: Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system date: 2020-06-20 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.036 sha: doc_id: 350429 cord_uid: v36lrg3p file: cache/cord-350456-lter7hy2.json key: cord-350456-lter7hy2 authors: Lewis, Shantel; Mulla, Fathima title: Diagnostic radiographers’ experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa date: 2020-09-18 journal: Radiography (Lond) DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 350456 cord_uid: lter7hy2 file: cache/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.json key: cord-350473-f47i7y5h authors: Sen-Crowe, Brendon; McKenney, Mark; Elkbuli, Adel title: COVID-19 laboratory testing issues and capacities as we transition to surveillance testing and contact tracing date: 2020-05-27 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.071 sha: doc_id: 350473 cord_uid: f47i7y5h file: cache/cord-350437-dq1il88y.json key: cord-350437-dq1il88y authors: Reale, Maria Lucia; Bironzo, Paolo; Bertaglia, Valentina; Palesandro, Erica; Leone, Gianmarco; Tabbò, Fabrizio; Bungaro, Maristella; Audisio, Marco; Mariniello, Annapaola; Rapetti, Simonetta G.; Di Stefano, Rosario F.; Artusio, Elisa; Capelletto, Enrica; Sperone, Paola; Boccuzzi, Adriana; Calandri, Marco; Perboni, Alberto; Malapelle, Umberto; Passiglia, Francesco; Novello, Silvia title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: A Picture of an Italian Onco-Covid Unit date: 2020-08-19 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01722 sha: doc_id: 350437 cord_uid: dq1il88y file: cache/cord-350498-jwweg06f.json key: cord-350498-jwweg06f authors: Abebe, Ayele; Mekuria, Abinet; Balchut, Awraris title: Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s268033 sha: doc_id: 350498 cord_uid: jwweg06f file: cache/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.json key: cord-350521-jfd5gd2p authors: Bong, Choon-Looi; Brasher, Christopher; Chikumba, Edson; McDougall, Robert; Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke; Enright, Angela title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 sha: doc_id: 350521 cord_uid: jfd5gd2p file: cache/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.json key: cord-350466-z5yvfo22 authors: Jena, Anuraag; Kumar-M, Praveen; Singh, Anupam Kumar; Sharma, Vishal title: Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic date: 2020-10-19 journal: Dig Liver Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.021 sha: doc_id: 350466 cord_uid: z5yvfo22 file: cache/cord-350468-32qin4ak.json key: cord-350468-32qin4ak authors: Song, Cong-Ying; Xu, Jia; He, Jian-Qin; Lu, Yuan-Qiang title: Immune dysfunction following COVID-19, especially in severe patients date: 2020-09-28 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72718-9 sha: doc_id: 350468 cord_uid: 32qin4ak file: cache/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.json key: cord-350492-1s6wtj25 authors: Ruscitti, Piero; Berardicurti, Onorina; Di Benedetto, Paola; Cipriani, Paola; Iagnocco, Annamaria; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Giacomelli, Roberto title: Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm date: 2020-05-28 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01130 sha: doc_id: 350492 cord_uid: 1s6wtj25 file: cache/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.json key: cord-350589-h6hotlqk authors: Cieszanowski, Andrzej; Czekajska, Elżbieta; Giżycka, Barbara; Gruszczyńska, Katarzyna; Podgórska, Joanna; Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak, Agnieszka; Serafin, Zbigniew; Szurowska, Edyta; Walecki, Jerzy M. title: Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies – recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology date: 2020-04-29 journal: Pol J Radiol DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2020.95022 sha: doc_id: 350589 cord_uid: h6hotlqk file: cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.json key: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh authors: Bai, Li; Yang, Dawei; Wang, Xun; Tong, Lin; Zhu, Xiaodan; Zhong, Nanshan; Bai, Chunxue; Powell, Charles A.; Chen, Rongchang; Zhou, Jian; Song, Yuanlin; Zhou, Xin; Zhu, Huili; Han, Baohui; Li, Qiang; Shi, Guochao; Li, Shengqing; Wang, Changhui; Qiu, Zhongmin; Zhang, Yong; Xu, Yu; Liu, Jie; Zhang, Ding; Wu, Chaomin; Li, Jing; Yu, Jinming; Wang, Jiwei; Dong, Chunling; Wang, Yaoli; Wang, Qi; Zhang, Lichuan; Zhang, Min; Ma, Xia; Zhao, Lin; Yu, Wencheng; Xu, Tao; Jin, Yang; Wang, Xiongbiao; Wang, Yuehong; Jiang, Yan; Chen, Hong; Xiao, Kui; Zhang, Xiaoju; Song, Zhenju; Zhang, Ziqiang; Wu, Xueling; Sun, Jiayuan; Shen, Yao; Ye, Maosong; Tu, Chunlin; Jiang, Jinjun; Yu, Hai; Tan, Fei title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 journal: Clinical eHealth DOI: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.03.001 sha: doc_id: 350578 cord_uid: wyz5jyjh file: cache/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.json key: cord-350540-s6is9ndm authors: Pinto, Rogério M.; Park, Sunggeun title: COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers date: 2020-04-28 journal: AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02893-3 sha: doc_id: 350540 cord_uid: s6is9ndm file: cache/cord-350450-43v36b2s.json key: cord-350450-43v36b2s authors: Jakhar, Deepak; Bhat, Yasmeen J.; Chatterjee, Manas; Keshavmurthy, Vinay; Ankad, Balachandra S.; Jha, Abhijeet K.; Jayasree, Puravoor; Save, Sushrut; Mukherjee, Samipa S.; Mehta, Hita; Udare, Satish; Beergouder, Savitha title: Dermoscopy Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by SIG Dermoscopy (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 journal: Indian Dermatol Online J DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_231_20 sha: doc_id: 350450 cord_uid: 43v36b2s file: cache/cord-350614-4umq61rf.json key: cord-350614-4umq61rf authors: Freeman, Phyllis; Robbins, Anthony title: Richard Horton. The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What’s gone wrong and how to stop it happening again: Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2020. pp 133, Paperback $14.95USD, ISBN-13:978-1-5095-4645-9 and 13:978-1-5095-4645-9 (pb) date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Public Health Policy DOI: 10.1057/s41271-020-00253-y sha: doc_id: 350614 cord_uid: 4umq61rf file: cache/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.json key: cord-350679-69lv4wbz authors: Shinde, Rajesh S.; Naik, Mekhala D.; Shinde, Shital R.; Bhandare, Manish S.; Chaudhari, Vikram A.; Shrikhande, Shailesh V.; Dcruz, Anil K. title: To Do or Not to Do?—A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 journal: Indian J Surg Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01086-7 sha: doc_id: 350679 cord_uid: 69lv4wbz file: cache/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.json key: cord-350648-y0ufxwhq authors: Bahn, Geon Ho title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, School Closures, and Children’s Mental Health date: 2020-04-01 journal: Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200010 sha: doc_id: 350648 cord_uid: y0ufxwhq file: cache/cord-350636-ufwfitue.json key: cord-350636-ufwfitue authors: Shumilov, Evgenii; Hosseini, Ali Seif Amir; Petzold, Golo; Treiber, Hannes; Lotz, Joachim; Ellenrieder, Volker; Kunsch, Steffen; Neesse, Albrecht title: Comparison of Chest Ultrasound and Standard X-Ray Imaging in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-02 journal: Ultrasound Int Open DOI: 10.1055/a-1217-1603 sha: doc_id: 350636 cord_uid: ufwfitue file: cache/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.json key: cord-350618-rtilfnzi authors: Lambelet, Valentine; Vouga, Manon; Pomar, Léo; Favre, Guillaume; Gerbier, Eva; Panchaud, Alice; Baud, David title: Sars‐CoV‐2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care date: 2020-05-26 journal: Prenat Diagn DOI: 10.1002/pd.5759 sha: doc_id: 350618 cord_uid: rtilfnzi file: cache/cord-350639-iguadmw1.json key: cord-350639-iguadmw1 authors: Padlina, G; Bellwald, S; Maurer, A; Heldner, MR title: Secondary Cerebrovascular Prevention in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-05 journal: Curr Treat Options Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00634-4 sha: doc_id: 350639 cord_uid: iguadmw1 file: cache/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.json key: cord-350519-3h5ipcwn authors: Paul, L. A.; Daneman, N.; Brown, K. A.; Johnson, J.; van Ingen, T.; Joh, E.; Wilson, S. E.; Buchan, S. A. title: Characteristics associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217802 sha: doc_id: 350519 cord_uid: 3h5ipcwn file: cache/cord-350529-yqtu059x.json key: cord-350529-yqtu059x authors: Evans, Samantha; Taylor, Claire; Antoniou, Anthony; Aggarwal, Tushar; Burns, Elaine; Jenkins, John T; Miskovic, Danilo title: Implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 journal: Colorectal Dis DOI: 10.1111/codi.15247 sha: doc_id: 350529 cord_uid: yqtu059x file: cache/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.json key: cord-350594-0zxq4lxc authors: Patel, Ishan; Akoluk, Arda; Douedi, Steven; Upadhyaya, Vandan; Mazahir, Usman; Costanzo, Eric; Flynn, Daniel title: Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4256 sha: doc_id: 350594 cord_uid: 0zxq4lxc file: cache/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.json key: cord-350460-80eu9b9c authors: Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal; Hassan, Radhiana; Mohd Tamrin, Mohd Izzuddin; Md Ali, Mohd Adli title: COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-08-18 journal: Int J Biomed Imaging DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828855 sha: doc_id: 350460 cord_uid: 80eu9b9c file: cache/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.json key: cord-350784-v8n44lwa authors: Walker, J. 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I. title: UK prevalence of underlying conditions which increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: a point prevalence study using electronic health records date: 2020-08-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20179192 sha: doc_id: 350784 cord_uid: v8n44lwa file: cache/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.json key: cord-350622-8tgxdbyi authors: Palit, Partha; Chattopadhyay, Debprasad; Thomas, Sabu; Kundu, Amit; Kim, Hyung Sik; Rezaei, Nima title: Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? date: 2020-10-28 journal: Phytomedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153396 sha: doc_id: 350622 cord_uid: 8tgxdbyi file: cache/cord-350660-12ienbdx.json key: cord-350660-12ienbdx authors: Huang, Wei; Berube, Julie; McNamara, Michelle; Saksena, Suraj; Hartman, Marsha; Arshad, Tariq; Bornheimer, Scott J.; O'Gorman, Maurice title: Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis date: 2020-06-15 journal: Cytometry A DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24172 sha: doc_id: 350660 cord_uid: 12ienbdx file: cache/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.json key: cord-350842-4m82l5t8 authors: Xing, Jun; Sun, Ning; Xu, Jun; Geng, Shuling; Li, Yuqian title: Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-05-19 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233145 sha: doc_id: 350842 cord_uid: 4m82l5t8 file: cache/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.json key: cord-350714-zfprrxt4 authors: Yao, Ye; Pan, Jinhua; Wang, Weidong; Liu, Zhixi; Kan, Haidong; Qiu, Yang; Meng, Xia; Wang, Weibing title: Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities date: 2020-06-20 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396 sha: doc_id: 350714 cord_uid: zfprrxt4 file: cache/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.json key: cord-350941-hlx60qyr authors: Pang, Peng; Mehman, Tanzeeb title: 51.22 USING TELEPHONIC FOLLOW-UP TO ASSESS ADOLESCENT FUNCTIONING DURING THE COVID-19 SHUTDOWN IN HENAN, CHINA date: 2020-10-31 journal: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.432 sha: doc_id: 350941 cord_uid: hlx60qyr file: cache/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.json key: cord-350859-0khu9mz3 authors: Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini; Santos Lima, Rodrigo; de Almeida, Gabriel Berg; Ferreira, Claudia Pio; Guimarães, Raul Borges; Pronunciate, Micheli; Azevedo, Edmur; Catão, Rafael de Castro; Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco title: Increasing molecular diagnostic capacity and COVID-19 incidence in Brazil date: 2020-08-18 journal: Epidemiology and infection DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001818 sha: doc_id: 350859 cord_uid: 0khu9mz3 file: cache/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.json key: cord-350700-cmwy5we8 authors: Ahmed, M. title: Optimizing breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 journal: Breast Cancer DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01160-6 sha: doc_id: 350700 cord_uid: cmwy5we8 file: cache/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.json key: cord-350767-6kc4hyzo authors: Beh, Darius L L; Ng, Dorothy H L; Ong, Sean W X; Sutjipto, Stephanie; Lee, Pei Hua; Oon, Jolene; Wong, Chen Seong; Archuleta, Sophia title: The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa256 sha: doc_id: 350767 cord_uid: 6kc4hyzo file: cache/cord-350821-0qfoc553.json key: cord-350821-0qfoc553 authors: Jahromi, Reza; Mogharab, Vahid; Jahromi, Hossein; Avazpour, Arezoo title: Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.124107 sha: doc_id: 350821 cord_uid: 0qfoc553 file: cache/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.json key: cord-350655-04dq9b4r authors: Ulas, T.; Seep, L.; Schulte-Schrepping, J.; De Domenico, E.; Mengiste, S.; Theis, H.; Kraut, M.; Becker, M.; Gierlich, J.; Lenkeit, L.; Drews, A.; van Uelft, M.; Dahm, K.; Agrawal, S.; Gemuend, I. D.; Horne, A.; Holsten, L.; Herbert, M.; Kroeger, C.; Kapellos, T. S.; Pecht, T.; Knoll, R.; Bassler, K.; Reusch, N.; Bonaguro, L.; Nuesch-Germano, M.; Oestreich, M.; Aschenbrenner, A. C.; Schultze, J. L.; Kox, M.; Bruse, N.; Pickkers, P.; Gerretsen, J.; Netea, M. G.; van de Veerdonk, F.; Nattermann, J.; Kraemer, B.; Raabe, J.; ToVinh, M.; Hoffmeister, C.; Rieke, G. J.; Keitel, V.; Breteler, M. M. title: Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148395 sha: doc_id: 350655 cord_uid: 04dq9b4r file: cache/cord-350919-by4zwniq.json key: cord-350919-by4zwniq authors: Chowdhuri, Indrajit; Pal, Subodh Chandra; Saha, Asish; Chakrabortty, Rabin; Ghosh, Manoranjan; Roy, Paramita title: Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India date: 2020-07-28 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321 sha: doc_id: 350919 cord_uid: by4zwniq file: cache/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.json key: cord-350823-6pmvftgk authors: Chirove, F.; Madubueze, C. E.; Chazuka, Z.; Madubueze, S. C. title: A model assessing potential benefits of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19: the case of Nigeria date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186288 sha: doc_id: 350823 cord_uid: 6pmvftgk file: cache/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.json key: cord-350904-wyg8ikph authors: Gubernatorova, E.O.; Gorshkova, E.A.; Polinova, A.I.; Drutskaya, M.D. title: IL-6: relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-20 journal: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 350904 cord_uid: wyg8ikph file: cache/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.json key: cord-350946-o8eohq9h authors: van Buuren, Asia; Tang, Vincent; Martimianakis, Maria Athina (Tina) title: “COVID-19 as the equalizer”: Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education date: 2020-09-23 journal: Can Med Educ J DOI: 10.36834/cmej.70401 sha: doc_id: 350946 cord_uid: o8eohq9h file: cache/cord-350935-p6euuop3.json key: cord-350935-p6euuop3 authors: Doğan, Tunca; Atas, Heval; Joshi, Vishal; Atakan, Ahmet; Rifaioglu, Ahmet Sureyya; Nalbat, Esra; Nightingale, Andrew; Saidi, Rabie; Volynkin, Vladimir; Zellner, Hermann; Cetin-Atalay, Rengul; Martin, Maria; Atalay, Volkan title: CROssBAR: Comprehensive Resource of Biomedical Relations with Deep Learning Applications and Knowledge Graph Representations date: 2020-09-15 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.14.296889 sha: doc_id: 350935 cord_uid: p6euuop3 file: cache/cord-350817-tmszrtju.json key: cord-350817-tmszrtju authors: Hoepel, Willianne; Chen, Hung-Jen; Allahverdiyeva, Sona; Manz, Xue; Aman, Jurjan; Bonta, Peter; Brouwer, Philip; de Taeye, Steven; Caniels, Tom; van der Straten, Karlijn; Golebski, Korneliusz; Griffith, Guillermo; Jonkers, René; Larsen, Mads; Linty, Federica; Neele, Annette; Nouta, Jan; van Baarle, Frank; van Drunen, Cornelis; Vlaar, Alexander; de Bree, Godelieve; Sanders, Rogier; Willemsen, Lisa; Wuhrer, Manfred; Bogaard, Harm Jan; van Gils, Marit; Vidarsson, Gestur; de Winther, Menno; den Dunnen, Jeroen title: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses date: 2020-07-13 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.190140 sha: doc_id: 350817 cord_uid: tmszrtju file: cache/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.json key: cord-350990-tywbe4o2 authors: Checchi, Vittorio; Bellini, Pierantonio; Bencivenni, Davide; Consolo, Ugo title: COVID‐19 dentistry‐related aspects: a literature overview date: 2020-07-05 journal: Int Dent J DOI: 10.1111/idj.12601 sha: doc_id: 350990 cord_uid: tywbe4o2 file: cache/cord-350992-l6l24pco.json key: cord-350992-l6l24pco authors: Roldan, Eugenia Quiros; Biasiotto, Giorgio; Magro, Paola; Zanella, Isabella title: The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? date: 2020-05-13 journal: Pharmacol Res DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104904 sha: doc_id: 350992 cord_uid: l6l24pco file: cache/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.json key: cord-351017-yntcwq9t authors: Li, Xuelian; Lin, Panpan; Lin, Jyh-Horng title: COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation date: 2020-06-18 journal: Financ Res Lett DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101659 sha: doc_id: 351017 cord_uid: yntcwq9t file: cache/cord-351031-e8suoeim.json key: cord-351031-e8suoeim authors: Liang En Ian, Wee; Sim, Xiang Ying Jean; Conceicao, Edwin Philip; Aung, May Kyawt; Tan, Kwee Yuen; Ko, Kwan Ki Karrie; Wong, Hei Man; Wijaya, Limin; Tan, Ban Hock; Venkatachalam, Indumathi; Ling, Moi Lin title: Containing COVID-19 outside the isolation ward: the impact of an infection control bundle on environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward date: 2020-06-26 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.188 sha: doc_id: 351031 cord_uid: e8suoeim file: cache/cord-350907-lazslqn0.json key: cord-350907-lazslqn0 authors: Isik, Ahmet Turan title: Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective date: 2020-07-06 journal: Clin Interv Aging DOI: 10.2147/cia.s260972 sha: doc_id: 350907 cord_uid: lazslqn0 file: cache/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.json key: cord-351022-8y43jhmu authors: Schwartz, Carmela; Oster, Yonatan; Slama, Carole; Benenson, Shmuel title: A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak date: 2020-09-01 journal: Open Forum Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa384 sha: doc_id: 351022 cord_uid: 8y43jhmu file: cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.json key: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw authors: Mo, Yuanyuan; Deng, Lan; Zhang, Liyan; Lang, Qiuyan; Liao, Chunyan; Wang, Nannan; Qin, Mingqin; Huang, Huiqiao title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 journal: J Nurs Manag DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13014 sha: doc_id: 350822 cord_uid: m3t7l9zw file: cache/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.json key: cord-351056-5j8uh1yx authors: Liu, Gaoli; Zhang, Shaowen; Mao, Zhangfan; Wang, Weixing; Hu, Haifeng title: Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 journal: Eur J Clin Nutr DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0659-7 sha: doc_id: 351056 cord_uid: 5j8uh1yx file: cache/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.json key: cord-350949-ystkjdwk authors: Gao, Yi-jie; Ye, Lei; Zhang, Jia-shuo; Yin, Yang-xue; Liu, Min; Yu, Hong-biao; Zhou, Rong title: Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-03 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05274-2 sha: doc_id: 350949 cord_uid: ystkjdwk file: cache/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.json key: cord-351004-h6fde7vm authors: Gudipati, Smitha; Brar, Indira; Murray, Shannon; McKinnon, John E.; Yared, Nicholas; Markowitz, Norman title: Descriptive Analysis of Patients Living With HIV Affected by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002450 sha: doc_id: 351004 cord_uid: h6fde7vm file: cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.json key: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 authors: Rashid, Sabina Faiz; Theobald, Sally; Ozano, Kim title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 sha: doc_id: 351083 cord_uid: 3oy7zuy9 file: cache/cord-351038-k2m6woow.json key: cord-351038-k2m6woow authors: Arun Krishnan, R.; Elizabeth Thomas, Rhema; Sukumaran, Ajaikumar; Paul, Jofy K.; Vasudevan, D. M. title: COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics date: 2020-06-27 journal: Indian J Clin Biochem DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00906-5 sha: doc_id: 351038 cord_uid: k2m6woow file: cache/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.json key: cord-351085-t4rxu2hq authors: Ortoleva, J.; Penney, E. title: Intracranial Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on ECMO: Challenges and Future Directions date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 351085 cord_uid: t4rxu2hq file: cache/cord-351092-b01o6f69.json key: cord-351092-b01o6f69 authors: De Francesco, Maria A.; Alberici, Federico; Bossini, Nicola; Scolari, Francesco; Pascucci, Federico; Tomasoni, Gabriele; Caruso, Arnaldo title: Pneumocystis jirevocii and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: A Common Feature in Transplant Recipients? date: 2020-09-18 journal: Vaccines (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030544 sha: doc_id: 351092 cord_uid: b01o6f69 file: cache/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.json key: cord-351101-l8b2cv4z authors: Uppuluri, Ellen M; Shapiro, Nancy L title: Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis date: 2020-08-11 journal: Am J Health Syst Pharm DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa286 sha: doc_id: 351101 cord_uid: l8b2cv4z file: cache/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.json key: cord-351142-g20f6bxc authors: Kiaghadi, Amin; Rifai, Hanadi S.; Liaw, Winston title: Assessing COVID-19 risk, vulnerability and infection prevalence in communities date: 2020-10-29 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241166 sha: doc_id: 351142 cord_uid: g20f6bxc file: cache/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.json key: cord-351040-j3ltpaa0 authors: Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza title: Encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis date: 2020-10-28 journal: J Neurovirol DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00921-5 sha: doc_id: 351040 cord_uid: j3ltpaa0 file: cache/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.json key: cord-351057-xrv3k1fo authors: Alenazi, Thamer H.; BinDhim, Nasser F.; Alenazi, Meteb H.; Tamim, Hani; Almagrabi, Reem S.; Aljohani, Sameera M.; H Basyouni, Mada; Almubark, Rasha A.; Althumiri, Nora A.; Alqahtani, Saleh A. title: Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 journal: J Infect Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 351057 cord_uid: xrv3k1fo file: cache/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.json key: cord-351116-jwy6k0ih authors: O'Reilly, GM; Mitchell, RD; Mitra, B; Akhlaghi, H; Tran, V; Furyk, J; Buntine, P; Bannon‐Murphy, H; Amos, T; Udaya Kumar, M; Perkins, E; Prentice, Alexandra; Szwarcberg, Olivia; Loughman, A; Lowry, N; Colwell, S; Noonan, MP; Hiller, R; Paton, A; Smit, D; Cameron, PA title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19: A multisite report from the COVED Quality Improvement Project for July 2020 (COVED‐3) date: 2020-09-21 journal: Emerg Med Australas DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13651 sha: doc_id: 351116 cord_uid: jwy6k0ih file: cache/cord-351129-lzzyn570.json key: cord-351129-lzzyn570 authors: Lee, Jae-Hyun; Lee, Youngsoo; Lee, Suh-Young; Van Bever, Hugo; Lou, Hongfei; Zhang, Luo; Park, Hae-Sim title: Management of Allergic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia date: 2020-06-15 journal: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.783 sha: doc_id: 351129 cord_uid: lzzyn570 file: cache/cord-351189-56am76lb.json key: cord-351189-56am76lb authors: Rosen, Melissa H; Axelrad, Jordan; Hudesman, David; Rubin, David T; Chang, Shannon title: Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-12 journal: Inflamm Bowel Dis DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa109 sha: doc_id: 351189 cord_uid: 56am76lb file: cache/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.json key: cord-351246-0kjqrf06 authors: Zahnd, Whitney E. title: The COVID‐19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations date: 2020-05-03 journal: J Rural Health DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12460 sha: doc_id: 351246 cord_uid: 0kjqrf06 file: cache/cord-351108-wfik975q.json key: cord-351108-wfik975q authors: Cherry, George; Rocke, John; Chu, Michael; Liu, Jacklyn; Lechner, Matt; Lund, Valerie J.; Kumar, B. Nirmal title: Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends date: 2020-07-16 journal: Expert review of anti-infective therapy DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1792289 sha: doc_id: 351108 cord_uid: wfik975q file: cache/cord-351187-kxouck2q.json key: cord-351187-kxouck2q authors: Cothran, Thomas P.; Kellman, Suzanne; Singh, Shifali; Beck, Jonathan S.; Powell, Karina J.; Bolton, Corey J.; Tam, Joyce W. title: A Brewing Storm: The Neuropsychological Sequelae of Hyperinflammation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 351187 cord_uid: kxouck2q file: cache/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.json key: cord-351280-13vz8rg8 authors: Dubicka, Bernadka; Carlson, Gabrielle title: Editorial: How in the world are we handling COVID‐19? date: 2020-08-18 journal: Child Adolesc Ment Health DOI: 10.1111/camh.12417 sha: doc_id: 351280 cord_uid: 13vz8rg8 file: cache/cord-351369-ugba8uah.json key: cord-351369-ugba8uah authors: Gao, Wenqi; Deng, Zhifang; Zeng, Lingkong; Yang, Yuan; Gong, HongJian; Liu, Jue; Xiao, Han title: A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.103346 sha: doc_id: 351369 cord_uid: ugba8uah file: cache/cord-351340-7y19ystp.json key: cord-351340-7y19ystp authors: Rao, Gundu H. R. title: Coronavirus Disease and Acute Vascular Events date: 2020-07-31 journal: Clin Appl Thromb Hemost DOI: 10.1177/1076029620929091 sha: doc_id: 351340 cord_uid: 7y19ystp file: cache/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.json key: cord-351348-lzo0dz7z authors: Gu, Silan; Chen, Yanfei; Wu, Zhengjie; Chen, Yunbo; Gao, Hainv; Lv, Longxian; Guo, Feifei; Zhang, Xuewu; Luo, Rui; Huang, Chenjie; Lu, Haifeng; Zheng, Beiwen; Zhang, Jiaying; Yan, Ren; Zhang, Hua; Jiang, Huiyong; Xu, Qiaomai; Guo, Jing; Gong, Yiwen; Tang, Lingling; Li, Lanjuan title: Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza date: 2020-06-04 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa709 sha: doc_id: 351348 cord_uid: lzo0dz7z file: cache/cord-351166-0pajmek3.json key: cord-351166-0pajmek3 authors: Kligerman, Maxwell P.; Lamour, Shaina; Okerosi, Samuel title: Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110322 sha: doc_id: 351166 cord_uid: 0pajmek3 file: cache/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.json key: cord-351184-kcc3p3ow authors: Dotters-Katz, Sarah K.; Hughes, Brenna L. title: Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 journal: Am J Perinatol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710051 sha: doc_id: 351184 cord_uid: kcc3p3ow file: cache/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.json key: cord-351407-7vx9lzi0 authors: Mehta, Puja; Ciurtin, Coziana; Scully, Marie; Levi, Marcel; Chambers, Rachel C. title: JAK inhibitors in COVID-19: need for vigilance regarding increased inherent thrombotic risk date: 2020-07-06 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01919-2020 sha: doc_id: 351407 cord_uid: 7vx9lzi0 file: cache/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.json key: cord-351430-bpv7p7zo authors: Pequeno, Pedro; Mendel, Bruna; Rosa, Clarissa; Bosholn, Mariane; Souza, Jorge Luiz; Baccaro, Fabricio; Barbosa, Reinaldo; Magnusson, William title: Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-06-03 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9322 sha: doc_id: 351430 cord_uid: bpv7p7zo file: cache/cord-351446-j4ambec5.json key: cord-351446-j4ambec5 authors: Sinonquel, P.; Roelandt, P.; Demedts, I.; van Gerven, L.; Vandenbriele, C.; Wilmer, A.; Van Wijngaerden, E.; Bisschops, R. title: COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: what should be taken into account? date: 2020-04-26 journal: Dig Endosc DOI: 10.1111/den.13706 sha: doc_id: 351446 cord_uid: j4ambec5 file: cache/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.json key: cord-351155-5bvo66yb authors: Kushner, Tatyana; Cafardi, John title: Chronic Liver Disease and COVID‐19: Alcohol Use Disorder/Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Autoimmune Liver Disease, and Compensated Cirrhosis date: 2020-05-21 journal: Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) DOI: 10.1002/cld.974 sha: doc_id: 351155 cord_uid: 5bvo66yb file: cache/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.json key: cord-351431-xcqz9d3t authors: Wang, Jun; Li, Qian; Yin, Yongmei; Zhang, Yingying; Cao, Yingying; Lin, Xiaoming; Huang, Lihua; Hoffmann, Daniel; Lu, Mengji; Qiu, Yuanwang title: Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02063 sha: doc_id: 351431 cord_uid: xcqz9d3t file: cache/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.json key: cord-351343-zdh8ms1z authors: Din, Anwarud; Khan, Amir; Baleanu, Dumitru title: STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AND EXTINCTION OF STOCHASTIC CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) EPIDEMIC MODEL date: 2020-06-24 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110036 sha: doc_id: 351343 cord_uid: zdh8ms1z file: cache/cord-351276-eatlugrm.json key: cord-351276-eatlugrm authors: Pinna, Graziano title: Sex and COVID-19: A protective role for reproductive steroids date: 2020-11-09 journal: Trends Endocrinol Metab DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.004 sha: doc_id: 351276 cord_uid: eatlugrm file: cache/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.json key: cord-351512-h4vigeuy authors: Zhang, Lin; Zhao, Wenjing; Sun, Beibei; Huang, Ying; Glänzel, Wolfgang title: How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns date: 2020-06-09 journal: Scientometrics DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03531-4 sha: doc_id: 351512 cord_uid: h4vigeuy file: cache/cord-351273-tfmq085x.json key: cord-351273-tfmq085x authors: Zhou, Bo; She, Jianqing; Wang, Yadan; Ma, Xiancang title: A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis date: 2020-04-22 journal: Front Neurol DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00296 sha: doc_id: 351273 cord_uid: tfmq085x file: cache/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.json key: cord-351238-epw9w7xx authors: Huang, Xing; Zhu, Wende; Zhao, Hongyang; Jiang, Xiaobing title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa145 sha: doc_id: 351238 cord_uid: epw9w7xx file: cache/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.json key: cord-351492-8jv7ip67 authors: Urwin, S. G.; Lendrem, B. C.; Suklan, J.; Green, K.; Graziadio, S.; Buckle, P.; Dark, P. M.; Gordon, A. L.; Lasserson, D. S.; Nicholson, B.; Price, D. A.; Reynard, C.; Wilcox, M. H.; Prestwich, G.; Tate, V.; Clark, T. W.; Reddy, R. V.; Body, R.; Allen, A. J. title: FebriDx point-of-care test in patients with suspected COVID-19: a pooled diagnostic accuracy study date: 2020-10-20 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20213108 sha: doc_id: 351492 cord_uid: 8jv7ip67 file: cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.json key: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 authors: Constantinou, Constantina; Kolokotroni, Ourania; Mosquera, Maria‐Cecilia; Heraclides, Alexandros; Demetriou, Christiana; Karayiannis, Peter; Quattrocchi, Annalisa; Charalambous, Andreas title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 journal: Cancer Med DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3271 sha: doc_id: 351555 cord_uid: hsgsuor2 file: cache/cord-351584-380s4j70.json key: cord-351584-380s4j70 authors: Ward, Michael P.; Xiao, Shuang; Zhang, Zhijie title: The role of climate during the COVID‐19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia date: 2020-06-01 journal: Transbound Emerg Dis DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13631 sha: doc_id: 351584 cord_uid: 380s4j70 file: cache/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.json key: cord-351305-6vtv2xuh authors: Schramm, Markus A.; Venhoff, Nils; Wagner, Dirk; Thiel, Jens; Huzly, Daniela; Craig-Mueller, Nils; Panning, Marcus; Hengel, Hartmut; Kern, Winfried V.; Voll, Reinhard E. title: COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis date: 2020-08-28 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02086 sha: doc_id: 351305 cord_uid: 6vtv2xuh file: cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.json key: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 authors: Rabi, Firas A.; Al Zoubi, Mazhar S.; Kasasbeh, Ghena A.; Salameh, Dunia M.; Al-Nasser, Amjad D. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 journal: Pathogens DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030231 sha: doc_id: 351567 cord_uid: ifoe8x28 file: cache/cord-351580-129608e4.json key: cord-351580-129608e4 authors: Shen, J. title: A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059329 sha: doc_id: 351580 cord_uid: 129608e4 file: cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.json key: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a authors: Zhang, Shuai; Guo, Mengfei; Duan, Limin; Wu, Feng; Hu, Guorong; Wang, Zhihui; Huang, Qi; Liao, Tingting; Xu, Juanjuan; Ma, Yanling; Lv, Zhilei; Xiao, Wenjing; Zhao, Zilin; Tan, Xueyun; Meng, Daquan; Zhang, Shujing; Zhou, E; Yin, Zhengrong; Geng, Wei; Wang, Xuan; Zhang, Jianchu; Chen, Jianguo; Zhang, Yu; Jin, Yang title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x sha: doc_id: 351600 cord_uid: bqw9ks4a file: cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.json key: cord-351510-8m4930bc authors: Aquino, Yves S J; Cabrera, Nicolo title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106306 sha: doc_id: 351510 cord_uid: 8m4930bc file: cache/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.json key: cord-351644-pl7xpivx authors: Gao, Yelei; Liu, Rui; Zhou, Qi; Wang, Xingmei; Huang, Liping; Shi, Qianling; Wang, Zijun; Lu, Shuya; Li, Weiguo; Ma, Yanfang; Luo, Xufei; Fukuoka, Toshio; Ahn, Hyeong Sik; Lee, Myeong Soo; Luo, Zhengxiu; Liu, Enmei; Chen, Yaolong; Shu, Chang; Tian, Daiyin title: Application of Telemedicine During the Coronavirus Disease Epidemics: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20065664 sha: doc_id: 351644 cord_uid: pl7xpivx file: cache/cord-351528-23lbs8al.json key: cord-351528-23lbs8al authors: Zacharia, Brad E; Eichberg, Daniel G; Ivan, Michael E; Hanft, Simon; Boockvar, John A; Isildak, Huseyin; Mansouri, Alireza; Komotar, Ricardo J; D’Amico, Randy S title: Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa162 sha: doc_id: 351528 cord_uid: 23lbs8al file: cache/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.json key: cord-351509-aau3gx6f authors: Li, Yuman; Li, He; Zhu, Shuangshuang; Xie, Yuji; Wang, Bin; He, Lin; Zhang, Danqing; Zhang, Yongxing; Yuan, Hongliang; Wu, Chun; Sun, Wei; Zhang, Yanting; Li, Meng; Cui, Li; Cai, Yu; Wang, Jing; Yang, Yali; Lv, Qing; Zhang, Li; Xie, Mingxing title: Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 journal: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.014 sha: doc_id: 351509 cord_uid: aau3gx6f file: cache/cord-351665-6gwb900b.json key: cord-351665-6gwb900b authors: Sarkar, Priyanka; Debnath, Nirmal; Reang, Demsai title: Coupled human-environment system amid COVID-19 crisis: A conceptual model to understand the nexus date: 2020-08-18 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141757 sha: doc_id: 351665 cord_uid: 6gwb900b file: cache/cord-351689-nyfsv357.json key: cord-351689-nyfsv357 authors: Borghesi, Andrea; Aggiusti, Carlo; Farina, Davide; Maroldi, Roberto; Muiesan, Maria Lorenza title: COVID-19 Pneumonia: Three Thoracic Complications in the Same Patient date: 2020-07-20 journal: Diagnostics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070498 sha: doc_id: 351689 cord_uid: nyfsv357 file: cache/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.json key: cord-351625-1we9wi1g authors: Han, Huan; Xu, Zaichao; Cheng, Xiaoming; Zhong, Youquan; Yuan, Li; Wang, Fubing; Li, Yan; Liu, Fang; Jiang, Yingan; Zhu, Chengliang; Xia, Yuchen title: Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-07 journal: mSphere DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00922-20 sha: doc_id: 351625 cord_uid: 1we9wi1g file: cache/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.json key: cord-351604-x4rsdwqz authors: González-Gay, Miguel A.; Castañeda, Santos; Ancochea, Julio title: BioLogic THERAPY IN COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.007 sha: doc_id: 351604 cord_uid: x4rsdwqz file: cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.json key: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n authors: Milani, Fabio title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Popul Econ DOI: 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4 sha: doc_id: 351666 cord_uid: q7dqsl7n file: cache/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.json key: cord-351770-cirq6pfx authors: Chen, Wei; Zhang, Jie; Qin, Xijian; Wang, Weixiao; Xu, Miaomiao; Wang, Lin-Fa; Xu, Chuanjun; Tang, Shuangshuang; Liu, Pei; Zhang, Libo; Liu, Xuan; Zhang, Yongchen; Yi, Changhua; Hu, Zhiliang; Yi, Yongxiang title: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-13 journal: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110629 sha: doc_id: 351770 cord_uid: cirq6pfx file: cache/cord-351593-84xpllwh.json key: cord-351593-84xpllwh authors: Shaw, Jane A.; Louw, Elizabeth H.; Koegelenberg, Coenraad F.N. title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary date: 2020-07-13 journal: Respiration DOI: 10.1159/000509763 sha: doc_id: 351593 cord_uid: 84xpllwh file: cache/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.json key: cord-351734-wjvhu1qg authors: Kassaw, Chalachew; Pandey, Digvijay title: The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health DOI: 10.1007/s40737-020-00192-7 sha: doc_id: 351734 cord_uid: wjvhu1qg file: cache/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.json key: cord-351719-xqmir1ca authors: Olaimat, Amin N.; Shahbaz, Hafiz M.; Fatima, Nayab; Munir, Sadia; Holley, Richard A. title: Food Safety During and After the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-04 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01854 sha: doc_id: 351719 cord_uid: xqmir1ca file: cache/cord-351735-x1lng449.json key: cord-351735-x1lng449 authors: Flikweert, Antine W.; Grootenboers, Marco J.J.H.; Yick, David C.Y.; du Mée, Arthur W.F.; van der Meer, Nardo J.M.; Rettig, Thijs C.D.; Kant, Merijn K.M. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 351735 cord_uid: x1lng449 file: cache/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.json key: cord-351662-rmkcb6o3 authors: Huang, Zhifeng; Chen, Hao; Xue, Mingshan; Huang, Huimin; Zheng, Peiyan; Luo, Wenting; Liang, Xueqing; Sun, Baoqing; Zhong, Nanshan title: Characteristics and roles of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in patients with different severities of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-24 journal: Clin Exp Immunol DOI: 10.1111/cei.13500 sha: doc_id: 351662 cord_uid: rmkcb6o3 file: cache/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.json key: cord-351762-n95ar9ci authors: Wang, Brian Xiangzhi title: Susceptibility and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-06-25 journal: Open Heart DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001310 sha: doc_id: 351762 cord_uid: n95ar9ci file: cache/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.json key: cord-351672-7oi9w87s authors: Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír; Fan, Yee Van; Jiang, Peng title: COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities date: 2020-09-30 journal: Int J Energy Res DOI: 10.1002/er.6007 sha: doc_id: 351672 cord_uid: 7oi9w87s file: cache/cord-351740-779g8tr1.json key: cord-351740-779g8tr1 authors: Khaba, Moshawa Calvin; Ngale, Tshepo Cletus; Madala, Nomandla title: COVID-19 in an HIV-infected patient. Lessons learned from an autopsy case date: 2020-09-25 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1435 sha: doc_id: 351740 cord_uid: 779g8tr1 file: cache/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.json key: cord-351845-bli3qm8w authors: Prasad, Kartikay; Khatoon, Fatima; Rashid, Summya; Ali, Nemat; AlAsmari, Abdullah F.; Ahmed, Mohammad Z.; Alqahtani, Ali S.; Alqahtani, Mohammed S.; Kumar, Vijay title: Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective date: 2020-06-26 journal: Int J Biol Macromol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.228 sha: doc_id: 351845 cord_uid: bli3qm8w file: cache/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.json key: cord-351718-sf5zp5wg authors: Kohli, Utkarsh; Rosebush, Julia C.; Orlov, Nicola M.; Ghavam, Ahmeneh title: COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect date: 2020-10-12 journal: Cardiology in the young DOI: 10.1017/s1047951120003303 sha: doc_id: 351718 cord_uid: sf5zp5wg file: cache/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.json key: cord-351823-ldbscq4s authors: Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun; Lin, Shangzhe George; Chow, Jason; Harky, Amer title: COVID‐19 and Oncology: Service transformation during pandemic date: 2020-08-18 journal: Cancer Med DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3384 sha: doc_id: 351823 cord_uid: ldbscq4s file: cache/cord-351691-3egwvb59.json key: cord-351691-3egwvb59 authors: Elzupir, Amin O. title: Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-23 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835732 sha: doc_id: 351691 cord_uid: 3egwvb59 file: cache/cord-351885-hjw1940x.json key: cord-351885-hjw1940x authors: Zhang, S. X.; Wang, Y.; Afshar Jahanshahi, A.; Jia, J.; Haensel Schmitt, V. G. title: First study on mental distress in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-04-23 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070896 sha: doc_id: 351885 cord_uid: hjw1940x file: cache/cord-351722-3mw1te94.json key: cord-351722-3mw1te94 authors: Recalde, M.; Roel, E.; Pistillo, A.; Sena, A. G.; Prats-Uribe, A.; Ahmed, W. U.-R.; Alghoul, H.; Alshammari, T. M.; Alser, O.; Areia, C.; Burn, E.; Casajust, P.; Dawoud, D.; DuVall, S. L.; Falconer, T.; Fernandez-Bertolin, S.; Golozar, A.; Gong, M.; Lai, L. Y. H.; Lane, J. C. E.; Lynch, K. E.; Matheny, M. E.; Mehta, P. P.; Morales, D. R.; Natarjan, K.; Nyberg, F.; Posada, J. D.; Reich, C. G.; Schilling, L. M.; Shah, K.; Shah, N. H.; Subbian, V.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, H.; Ryan, P.; Prieto-Alhambra, D.; Kostka, K.; Duarte-Salles, T. title: Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20185173 sha: doc_id: 351722 cord_uid: 3mw1te94 file: cache/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.json key: cord-351776-otx5qwyu authors: Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis; Bighelli, Federico; Usón, Clara; Caravaca, Celia; Carrillo, Carlos Fernández; Romero, Miriam; Barreales, Mónica; Perelló, Christie; Madejón, Antonio; Marcos, Aránzazu Caballero; Albillos, Agustín; Fernández, Inmaculada; García-Samaniego, Javier; Calleja, José Luis; Bañares, Rafael title: Elevation of Liver Fibrosis Index FIB-4 Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa355 sha: doc_id: 351776 cord_uid: otx5qwyu file: cache/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.json key: cord-351819-ovpz36e7 authors: Beyrouti, Rahma; Adams, Matthew E; Benjamin, Laura; Cohen, Hannah; Farmer, Simon F; Goh, Yee Yen; Humphries, Fiona; Jäger, Hans Rolf; Losseff, Nicholas A; Perry, Richard J; Shah, Sachit; Simister, Robert J; Turner, David; Chandratheva, Arvind; Werring, David J title: Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586 sha: doc_id: 351819 cord_uid: ovpz36e7 file: cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.json key: cord-351941-fgtatt40 authors: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid; Rahmandad, Hazhir title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 journal: Syst Dyn Rev DOI: 10.1002/sdr.1655 sha: doc_id: 351941 cord_uid: fgtatt40 file: cache/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.json key: cord-351896-j6h02ab5 authors: Ghannam, Malik; Alshaer, Qasem; Al-Chalabi, Mustafa; Zakarna, Lara; Robertson, Jetter; Manousakis, Georgios title: Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review date: 2020-06-19 journal: J Neurol DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09990-2 sha: doc_id: 351896 cord_uid: j6h02ab5 file: cache/cord-351972-whl0w54u.json key: cord-351972-whl0w54u authors: Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel; Maouche, Yasmine; Syrovatkova, Aneska; Pham, Felix; Chahbazian, Jean-Baptiste; Pertoldi, Pierre; Andrès, Emmanuel; Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad title: Cutaneous Complications Secondary to Haemostasis Abnormalities in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-12 journal: Eur J Case Rep Intern Med DOI: 10.12890/2020_001769 sha: doc_id: 351972 cord_uid: whl0w54u file: cache/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.json key: cord-351931-i9xenu3r authors: Ruszkiewicz, Dorota M; Sanders, Daniel; O'Brien, Rachel; Hempel, Frederik; Reed, Matthew J; Riepe, Ansgar C; Bailie, Kenneth; Brodrick, Emma; Darnley, Kareen; Ellerkmann, Richard; Mueller, Oliver; Skarysz, Angelika; Truss, Michael; Wortelmann, Thomas; Yordanov, Simeon; Thomas, C.L.Paul; Schaaf, Bernhard; Eddleston, Michael title: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by analysis of breath with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry - a feasibility study date: 2020-10-24 journal: EClinicalMedicine DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100609 sha: doc_id: 351931 cord_uid: i9xenu3r file: cache/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.json key: cord-351918-pu7i1jfe authors: Baek, Yae Jee; Lee, Taeyong; Cho, Yunsuk; Hyun, Jong Hoon; Kim, Moo Hyun; Sohn, Yujin; Kim, Jung Ho; Ahn, Jin Young; Jeong, Su Jin; Ku, Nam Su; Yeom, Joon-Sup; Lee, Jeehyun; Choi, Jun Yong title: A mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in a tertiary hospital and assessment of the effects of different intervention strategies date: 2020-10-26 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241169 sha: doc_id: 351918 cord_uid: pu7i1jfe file: cache/cord-351818-znv51wx9.json key: cord-351818-znv51wx9 authors: Ge, Q.; Hu, Z.; Zhang, K.; Li, S.; Lin, W.; Jin, L.; Xiong, M. title: Recurrent Neural Reinforcement Learning for Counterfactual Evaluation of Public Health Interventions on the Spread of Covid-19 in the world date: 2020-07-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20149146 sha: doc_id: 351818 cord_uid: znv51wx9 file: cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.json key: cord-352030-hnm54k4r authors: Liu, Jie; Ouyang, Liu; Guo, Pi; Wu, Hai sheng; Fu, Peng; Chen, Yu liang; Yang, Dan; Han, Xiao yu; Cao, Yu kun; Alwalid, Osamah; Tao, Juan; Peng, Shu yi; Shi, He shui; Yang, Fan; Zheng, Chuan sheng title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 sha: doc_id: 352030 cord_uid: hnm54k4r file: cache/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.json key: cord-352102-ssk24jkx authors: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya; Shabarek, Nehad title: Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient date: 2020-04-26 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7834 sha: doc_id: 352102 cord_uid: ssk24jkx file: cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.json key: cord-352065-960xqft4 authors: Rello, Jordi; Belliato, Mirko; Dimopoulos, Meletios-Athanasios; Giamarellos-bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Jaksic, Vladimir; Martin-loeches, Ignacio; Mporas, Iosif; Pelosi, Paolo; Poulakou, Garyphallia; Pournaras, Spyridon; Tamae-kakazu, Maximiliano; Timsit, Jean-François; Waterer, Grant; Tejada, Sofia; Dimopoulos, George title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 journal: Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 352065 cord_uid: 960xqft4 file: cache/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.json key: cord-351890-b33zj9e9 authors: Lahmer, T. title: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study date: 2020-07-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158972 sha: doc_id: 351890 cord_uid: b33zj9e9 file: cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.json key: cord-351930-puhm3w42 authors: Juan, J.; Gil, M. M.; Rong, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, H.; Poon, L. C. Y. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 sha: doc_id: 351930 cord_uid: puhm3w42 file: cache/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.json key: cord-352159-qx16i7s1 authors: Pettit, Natasha N.; Nguyen, Cynthia T.; Mutlu, Gökhan M; Wu, David; Kimmig, Lucas; Pitrak, David; Pursell, Kenneth title: Late Onset Infectious Complications and Safety of Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26429 sha: doc_id: 352159 cord_uid: qx16i7s1 file: cache/cord-352187-h9if17ba.json key: cord-352187-h9if17ba authors: Aksoy, Yasemin Erkal; Koçak, Vesile title: Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey date: 2020-07-08 journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.011 sha: doc_id: 352187 cord_uid: h9if17ba file: cache/cord-352152-d3owtd98.json key: cord-352152-d3owtd98 authors: Wang, Cuiyan; Pan, Riyu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Tan, Yilin; Xu, Linkang; Ho, Cyrus S.; Ho, Roger C. title: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China date: 2020-03-06 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051729 sha: doc_id: 352152 cord_uid: d3owtd98 file: cache/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.json key: cord-352096-cc3dzycl authors: Richman, Douglas D. title: Antiviral Drug Discovery To Address the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 journal: mBio DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02134-20 sha: doc_id: 352096 cord_uid: cc3dzycl file: cache/cord-351825-fdog73g2.json key: cord-351825-fdog73g2 authors: Tsai, Cheng-Yu; Chang, Nai-Chien; Fang, Hsiu-Chen; Chen, Ying-Che; Lee, Su-Shin title: A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Med Syst DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01637-z sha: doc_id: 351825 cord_uid: fdog73g2 file: cache/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.json key: cord-352156-sa8cvyuw authors: Lindeman, Robbert-Jan; Sund, Malin; Löfgren, Jenny; Basso, Trude; Søreide, Kjetil title: Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries date: 2020-05-06 journal: J Surg Case Rep DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa131 sha: doc_id: 352156 cord_uid: sa8cvyuw file: cache/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.json key: cord-352215-dhkvh45t authors: Ramachandran, Preethi; Perisetti, Abhilash; Gajendran, Mahesh; Chakraborti, Abhishek; Narh, Joshua Tetteh; Goyal, Hemant title: Increased serum aminotransferase activity and clinical outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Clin Exp Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 352215 cord_uid: dhkvh45t file: cache/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.json key: cord-351940-cg0bewqb authors: Ngwira, A.; Kumwenda, F.; Munthali, E.; Nkolokosa, D. title: A snap shot of space and time dynamics of COVID-19 risk in Malawi. An application of spatial temporal model date: 2020-09-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20192914 sha: doc_id: 351940 cord_uid: cg0bewqb file: cache/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.json key: cord-352193-izzqdg3v authors: Allen, M.; Bhanji, A.; Willemsen, J.; Dudfield, S.; Logan, S.; Monks, T. title: Organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation and mathematical modelling study. date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075457 sha: doc_id: 352193 cord_uid: izzqdg3v file: cache/cord-352247-baqbxez9.json key: cord-352247-baqbxez9 authors: Kobayashi, Yoshiharu; Heinrich, Tobias; Bryant, Kristin A. title: Public Support for Development Aid during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105248 sha: doc_id: 352247 cord_uid: baqbxez9 file: cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.json key: cord-352293-ha7xts89 authors: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 352293 cord_uid: ha7xts89 file: cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.json key: cord-352324-tle14vtm authors: Martini, Chiara; Nicolò, Marco; Tombolesi, Alessandro; Negri, Jacopo; Brazzo, Oscar; Di Feo, Daniele; Devetti, Angie; Rigott, Irene Gertrud; Risoli, Camilla; Antonucci, Giuseppe Walter; Durante, Stefano; Migliorini, Matteo title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Med Imaging Radiat Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.019 sha: doc_id: 352324 cord_uid: tle14vtm file: cache/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.json key: cord-352122-u9pv2x2j authors: Yang, Xiao; Yang, Xiufang; Kumar, Poornima; Cao, Bingrong; Ma, Xiaohong; Li, Tao title: Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China date: 2020-08-24 journal: Nurs Outlook DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008 sha: doc_id: 352122 cord_uid: u9pv2x2j file: cache/cord-352302-are8vvhh.json key: cord-352302-are8vvhh authors: Hartman, W.; Hess, A. S.; Connor, J. P. title: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a mid-size city in the midwest date: 2020-06-22 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135830 sha: doc_id: 352302 cord_uid: are8vvhh file: cache/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.json key: cord-352329-dq69zlpn authors: Gastélum-Cano, José María; Islas-Osuna, María A.; Arízaga-Berber, José Adán title: Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients date: 2020-11-05 journal: Prim Care Diabetes DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.10.014 sha: doc_id: 352329 cord_uid: dq69zlpn file: cache/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.json key: cord-352304-tt2q5mgs authors: Sun, Dan; Li, Hui; Lu, Xiao-Xia; Xiao, Han; Ren, Jie; Zhang, Fu-Rong; Liu, Zhi-Sheng title: Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study date: 2020-03-19 journal: World J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4 sha: doc_id: 352304 cord_uid: tt2q5mgs file: cache/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.json key: cord-351917-0lcjskjf authors: Li, S. title: Modifiable lifestyle factors and severe COVID-19 risk: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-10-21 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215525 sha: doc_id: 351917 cord_uid: 0lcjskjf file: cache/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.json key: cord-352256-qxdakdk0 authors: Yousefi, Bahman; Valizadeh, Saeid; Ghaffari, Hadi; Vahedi, Azadeh; Karbalaei, Mohsen; Eslami, Majid title: A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Cell Physiol DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29785 sha: doc_id: 352256 cord_uid: qxdakdk0 file: cache/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.json key: cord-352141-y3s8li0v authors: Bouchoucha, Stéphane; Bloomer, Melissa J title: Family‐centred care during a pandemic: The hidden impact of restricting family visits date: 2020-06-13 journal: Nurs Health Sci DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12748 sha: doc_id: 352141 cord_uid: y3s8li0v file: cache/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.json key: cord-352382-mazwgsbc authors: Vavassori, Andrea; Tagliaferri, Luca; Vicenzi, Lisa; D'Aviero, Andrea; Ciabattoni, Antonella; Gribaudo, Sergio; Lapadula, Loredana; Carlo Mattiucci, Gian; Vinante, Lorenzo; De Sanctis, Vitaliana; Vidali, Cristiana; Murri, Rita; Antonietta Gambacorta, Maria; Mignogna, Marcello; Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara A.; Donato, Vittorio title: Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group date: 2020-05-08 journal: Radiother Oncol DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.040 sha: doc_id: 352382 cord_uid: mazwgsbc file: cache/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.json key: cord-352401-tmt1pmw9 authors: Curatola, Antonietta; Ferretti, Serena; Gatto, Antonio; Chiaretti, Antonio title: Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department date: 2020-04-13 journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002689 sha: doc_id: 352401 cord_uid: tmt1pmw9 file: cache/cord-352341-dhc748pn.json key: cord-352341-dhc748pn authors: Miranda-Zazueta, G.; González-Regueiro, JA; García-Juárez, I.; Moctezuma-Velázquez, C.; López-Díaz, FJ; Pérez-González, B.; Uscanga-Domínguez, LF; Peláez-Luna, M. title: Manejo farmacológico de pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas y pancreáticas que involucran terapias inmunosupresoras. Posicionamiento en el marco de la pandemia de SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-17 journal: Rev Gastroenterol Mex DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 352341 cord_uid: dhc748pn file: cache/cord-352524-g7khma2j.json key: cord-352524-g7khma2j authors: Rennard, Stephen I.; Kalil, Andre C.; Casaburi, Richard title: Chicken soup in the time of COVID date: 2020-05-06 journal: Chest DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.044 sha: doc_id: 352524 cord_uid: g7khma2j file: cache/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.json key: cord-352460-ql0eogzz authors: Farmer, Nicole; Wallen, Gwenyth R.; Baumer, Yvonne; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M. title: COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date: 2020-07-10 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0026 sha: doc_id: 352460 cord_uid: ql0eogzz file: cache/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.json key: cord-352332-c6phkk8r authors: Al-Benna, Sammy title: Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 journal: Eur Surg DOI: 10.1007/s10353-020-00655-y sha: doc_id: 352332 cord_uid: c6phkk8r file: cache/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.json key: cord-352272-9zg8q0gk authors: Zhang, Jiancheng; Xu, Dan; Xie, Bing; Zhang, Yujing; Huang, Haiyan; Liu, Hongmei; Chen, Huaqi; Sun, Yongbo; Shang, You; Hashimoto, Kenji; Yuan, Shiying title: Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-06 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.075 sha: doc_id: 352272 cord_uid: 9zg8q0gk file: cache/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.json key: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7 authors: Pemmada, Rakesh; Zhu, Xiaoxian; Dash, Madhusmita; Zhou, Yubin; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Peng, Xinsheng; Thomas, Vinoy; Jain, Sanjeev; Nanda, Himansu Sekhar title: Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics date: 2020-09-11 journal: Materials (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ma13184041 sha: doc_id: 352475 cord_uid: cmmpy5u7 file: cache/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.json key: cord-352288-zr96k6p1 authors: Zou, Fengwei; Qian, Zhiyong; Wang, Yao; Zhao, Yang; Bai, Jianling title: Cardiac Injury and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-23 journal: CJC Open DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 352288 cord_uid: zr96k6p1 file: cache/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.json key: cord-352123-0bflqj1c authors: Csiszar, Anna; Jakab, Ferenc; Valencak, Teresa G.; Lanszki, Zsófia; Tóth, Gábor Endre; Kemenesi, Gábor; Tarantini, Stefano; Fazekas-Pongor, Vince; Ungvari, Zoltan title: Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves date: 2020-08-07 journal: GeroScience DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00248-3 sha: doc_id: 352123 cord_uid: 0bflqj1c file: cache/cord-352526-t8odetzw.json key: cord-352526-t8odetzw authors: Pinto, Bruna G G; Oliveira, Antonio E R; Singh, Youvika; Jimenez, Leandro; Gonçalves, Andre N A; Ogava, Rodrigo L T; Creighton, Rachel; Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann; Nakaya, Helder I title: ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa332 sha: doc_id: 352526 cord_uid: t8odetzw file: cache/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.json key: cord-352538-cb3j2y1s authors: Farrell, Penny; Thow, Anne Marie; Wate, Jillian Tutuo; Nonga, Nichol; Vatucawaqa, Penina; Brewer, Tom; Sharp, Michael K.; Farmery, Anna; Trevena, Helen; Reeve, Erica; Eriksson, Hampus; Gonzalez, Itziar; Mulcahy, Georgina; Eurich, Jacob G.; Andrew, Neil L. title: COVID-19 and Pacific food system resilience: opportunities to build a robust response date: 2020-07-20 journal: Food Secur DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01087-y sha: doc_id: 352538 cord_uid: cb3j2y1s file: cache/cord-352543-8il0dh58.json key: cord-352543-8il0dh58 authors: Kuzdeuov, A.; Baimukashev, D.; Karabay, A.; Ibragimov, B.; Mirzakhmetov, A.; Nurpeiissov, M.; Lewis, M.; Varol, H. A. title: A Network-Based Stochastic Epidemic Simulator: Controlling COVID-19 with Region-Specific Policies date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20089136 sha: doc_id: 352543 cord_uid: 8il0dh58 file: cache/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.json key: cord-352512-h58oh2jx authors: Korbel, Jan O.; Stegle, Oliver title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists date: 2020-05-11 journal: Genome Biol DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02031-1 sha: doc_id: 352512 cord_uid: h58oh2jx file: cache/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.json key: cord-352557-l7sahv5t authors: Takla, Michael; Jeevaratnam, Kamalan title: Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19: systematic review and narrative synthesis of efficacy and safety date: 2020-11-13 journal: Saudi Pharm J DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.003 sha: doc_id: 352557 cord_uid: l7sahv5t file: cache/cord-352562-qfb478sf.json key: cord-352562-qfb478sf authors: Yamamoto, Lidia; dos Santos, Emilly Henrique; Pinto, Lacyane Silva; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto; Kanunfre, Kelly Aparecida; Vallada, Marcelo Genofre; Okay, Thelma Suely title: SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review date: 2020-09-04 journal: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062065 sha: doc_id: 352562 cord_uid: qfb478sf file: cache/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.json key: cord-352580-l6vkzja0 authors: Iltaf, Samar; Fatima, Meraj; Salman, Salma; Salam, Jawwad-us; Abbas, Saira title: Frequency of Neurological Presentations of Coronavirus Disease in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9846 sha: doc_id: 352580 cord_uid: l6vkzja0 file: cache/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.json key: cord-352630-dx1fwngb authors: Hossain, Md. Sabbir; Ahmed, Sulaiman; Uddin, Md. Jamal title: Impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission in South Asian Countries: an application of the ARIMAX model date: 2020-11-02 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143315 sha: doc_id: 352630 cord_uid: dx1fwngb file: cache/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.json key: cord-352665-ik67gpxf authors: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre; Labad, Javier title: Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date: 2020-10-15 journal: Med Clin (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 352665 cord_uid: ik67gpxf file: cache/cord-352365-b9cmviny.json key: cord-352365-b9cmviny authors: Marchetti, Monia title: COVID-19-driven endothelial damage: complement, HIF-1, and ABL2 are potential pathways of damage and targets for cure date: 2020-06-24 journal: Ann Hematol DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04138-8 sha: doc_id: 352365 cord_uid: b9cmviny file: cache/cord-352672-gjo29e21.json key: cord-352672-gjo29e21 authors: Hoque, E.; Islam, M. S.; Amin, M. R.; Das, S. K.; Mitra, D. K. title: Adjusted Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic due to Herd Immunity in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20186957 sha: doc_id: 352672 cord_uid: gjo29e21 file: cache/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.json key: cord-352668-qjlqsb2k authors: Cabello, Francisco; Sánchez, Froilán; Farré, Josep M.; Montejo, Angel L. title: Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072297 sha: doc_id: 352668 cord_uid: qjlqsb2k file: cache/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.json key: cord-352700-8ic7gu5y authors: Hernandez Cordero, A. I.; Li, X.; Milne, S.; Yang, C. X.; Bosse, Y.; Joubert, P.; Timens, W.; Berge, M. v. d.; Nickle, D.; Hao, K.; Sin, D. D. title: Multi-omics highlights ABO plasma protein as a causal risk factor for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20207118 sha: doc_id: 352700 cord_uid: 8ic7gu5y file: cache/cord-352682-deh08rh4.json key: cord-352682-deh08rh4 authors: Toughza, Jihane; Agadr, Aomar; Ismaili, Nabil title: COVID-19 et Greffe de Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques: Recommandations date: 2020-06-20 journal: Bull Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.006 sha: doc_id: 352682 cord_uid: deh08rh4 file: cache/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.json key: cord-352678-8f2ygul2 authors: Prasad, Ashish; Prasad, Manoj title: Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading? date: 2020-08-05 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00370 sha: doc_id: 352678 cord_uid: 8f2ygul2 file: cache/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.json key: cord-352786-wxwjlvmb authors: Vendrik, J.; Piek, J. J. title: The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 journal: Neth Heart J DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01482-2 sha: doc_id: 352786 cord_uid: wxwjlvmb file: cache/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.json key: cord-352770-6mz9abmc authors: Daly, Michael; Robinson, Eric title: Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Psychiatr Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.035 sha: doc_id: 352770 cord_uid: 6mz9abmc file: cache/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.json key: cord-352862-2q4h3bwj authors: Goswami, Mridula; Sharma, Sadhna; Kumar, Gyanendra; Gogia, Monica; Grewal, Monika; Garg, Aditi; Bhardwaj, Sakshi; Vignesh, Ramanand P; Narula, Vashi; Bidhan, Ravita title: Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date: 2020 journal: Int J Clin Pediatr Dent DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 sha: doc_id: 352862 cord_uid: 2q4h3bwj file: cache/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.json key: cord-352544-7b6btzrx authors: Liu, Zhelong; Bai, Xi; Han, Xia; Jiang, Wangyan; Qiu, Lin; Chen, Shi; Yu, Xuefeng title: The association of diabetes and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study date: 2020-08-25 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108386 sha: doc_id: 352544 cord_uid: 7b6btzrx file: cache/cord-352553-me1tpqss.json key: cord-352553-me1tpqss authors: Sugand, K.; Collaborative, COVERT title: The impact of COVID-19 on acute Trauma and Orthopaedic referrals and surgery in the UK: the "golden peak weeks" of the first national multi-centre observational study. The COVid-Emergency Related Trauma and orthopaedics (COVERT) Collaborative date: 2020-08-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.22.20179770 sha: doc_id: 352553 cord_uid: me1tpqss file: cache/cord-352607-71986j7i.json key: cord-352607-71986j7i authors: Cournoyer Lemaire, Elise title: Extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures: the use of music to communicate public health recommendations against the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 journal: Can J Public Health DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00379-2 sha: doc_id: 352607 cord_uid: 71986j7i file: cache/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.json key: cord-352781-aqh9zxgh authors: El Homsi, Maria; Chung, Michael; Bernheim, Adam; Jacobi, Adam; King, Michael J.; Lewis, Sara; Taouli, Bachir title: Review of Chest CT Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-07 journal: Eur J Radiol Open DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100239 sha: doc_id: 352781 cord_uid: aqh9zxgh file: cache/cord-352642-u513wnu1.json key: cord-352642-u513wnu1 authors: Patrocínio de Jesus, Rita; Silva, Raquel; Aliyeva, Elzara; Lopes, Luís; Portugalyan, Mihran; Antunes, Liliana; Diaz, Priscila; Costa, Carolina; Araújo, Ana Carolina; Coelho, Sílvia; Mendes, João João; Gomes, Sara; Serra, Isabel; Freitas, Paulo title: Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Asymptomatic Infection while on High-Dose Corticosteroids. Case Report date: 2020-10-02 journal: SN Compr Clin Med DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00548-x sha: doc_id: 352642 cord_uid: u513wnu1 file: cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.json key: cord-352737-3ttrx3lf authors: Cunha, Lucas Leite; Perazzio, Sandro Felix; Azzi, Jamil; Cravedi, Paolo; Riella, Leonardo Vidal title: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response date: 2020-08-07 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748 sha: doc_id: 352737 cord_uid: 3ttrx3lf file: cache/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.json key: cord-352779-zdtpnip0 authors: Patti, Ravi Karan; Dalsania, Nishil R.; Somal, Navjot; Sinha, Ankur; Mehta, Sanwal; Ghitan, Monica; Seneviratne, Chanaka; Kupfer, Yizhak title: Subacute Aspergillosis “Fungal Balls” Complicating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep DOI: 10.1177/2324709620966475 sha: doc_id: 352779 cord_uid: zdtpnip0 file: cache/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.json key: cord-352579-ndcbmgfj authors: Takahashi, Takuto; Luzum, Jasmine A.; Nicol, Melanie R.; Jacobson, Pamala A. title: Pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 therapies date: 2020-08-18 journal: NPJ Genom Med DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00143-y sha: doc_id: 352579 cord_uid: ndcbmgfj file: cache/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.json key: cord-352767-lnsi3av0 authors: Teuwen, Laure-Anne; Geldhof, Vincent; Pasut, Alessandra; Carmeliet, Peter title: COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed date: 2020-05-21 journal: Nat Rev Immunol DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0 sha: doc_id: 352767 cord_uid: lnsi3av0 file: cache/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.json key: cord-352774-dpgk9bvc authors: Graziani, A.; Domenicali, M.; Zanframundo, G.; Palmese, F.; Caroli, B.; Graziani, L. title: Pulmonary artery thrombosis in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-24 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 352774 cord_uid: dpgk9bvc file: cache/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.json key: cord-352720-z1cvjc2y authors: Díaz-Corvillón, Pilar; Mönckeberg, Max; Barros, Antonia; Illanes, Sebastián E.; Soldati, Arturo; Nien, Jyh-Kae; Schepeler, Manuel; Caradeux, Javier title: Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery date: 2020-09-29 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239887 sha: doc_id: 352720 cord_uid: z1cvjc2y file: cache/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.json key: cord-352901-ia34l2ml authors: Natalello, Gerlando; De Luca, Giacomo; Gigante, Laura; Campochiaro, Corrado; De Lorenzis, Enrico; Verardi, Lucrezia; Paglionico, Annamaria; Petricca, Luca; Martone, Anna Maria; Calvisi, Stefania; Ripa, Marco; Cavalli, Giulio; Della-Torre, Emanuel; Tresoldi, Moreno; Landi, Francesco; Bosello, Silvia Laura; Gremese, Elisa; Dagna, Lorenzo title: Nailfold capillaroscopy findings in patients with coronavirus disease 19: Broadening the spectrum of covid-19 microvascular involvement() date: 2020-09-17 journal: Microvasc Res DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104071 sha: doc_id: 352901 cord_uid: ia34l2ml file: cache/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.json key: cord-353058-3r6jw5ij authors: Crotti, Lia; Arbelo, Elena title: COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias date: 2020-05-26 journal: Heart Rhythm DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 353058 cord_uid: 3r6jw5ij file: cache/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.json key: cord-352640-fycwhyfv authors: Goel, Ashish; Raizada, Alpana; Bansal, Kamakshi; Gaur, Nikhil; Abraham, Jyotika; Yadav, Anil title: Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data date: 2020-08-29 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10125 sha: doc_id: 352640 cord_uid: fycwhyfv file: cache/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.json key: cord-352853-9a7fi46y authors: Amyar, Amine; Modzelewski, Romain; Li, Hua; Ruan, Su title: Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation date: 2020-10-08 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104037 sha: doc_id: 352853 cord_uid: 9a7fi46y file: cache/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.json key: cord-352823-1os3kwp1 authors: Zeng, Hui; Li, Guoqing; Weng, Jian; Xiong, Ao; Xu, Chang; Yang, Yifei; Wang, Deli title: The strategies of perioperative management in orthopedic department during the pandemic of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Orthop Surg Res DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01978-y sha: doc_id: 352823 cord_uid: 1os3kwp1 file: cache/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.json key: cord-352828-4ecik6xw authors: Lagziel, Tomer; Quiroga, Luis; Ramos, Margarita; Hultman, Charles S; Asif, Mohammed title: Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) date: 2020-05-19 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8198 sha: doc_id: 352828 cord_uid: 4ecik6xw file: cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.json key: cord-352902-isc3ek67 authors: Powell, Adam W.; Mays, Wayne A.; Curran, Tracy; Knecht, Sandra K.; Rhodes, Jonathan title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 journal: World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg DOI: 10.1177/2150135120954816 sha: doc_id: 352902 cord_uid: isc3ek67 file: cache/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.json key: cord-352905-ge3u32hm authors: Galimberti, Sara; Petrini, Mario; Baratè, Claudia; Ricci, Federica; Balducci, Serena; Grassi, Susanna; Guerrini, Francesca; Ciabatti, Elena; Mechelli, Sandra; Di Paolo, Antonello; Baldini, Chiara; Baglietto, Laura; Macera, Lisa; Spezia, Pietro Giorgio; Maggi, Fabrizio title: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Play an Antiviral Action in Patients Affected by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Possible Model Supporting Their Use in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-02 journal: Front Oncol DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01428 sha: doc_id: 352905 cord_uid: ge3u32hm file: cache/cord-352930-onf61i2r.json key: cord-352930-onf61i2r authors: Ostermann, Marlies; Lumlertgul, Nuttha; Forni, Lui G.; Hoste, Eric title: What every Intensivist should know about COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Crit Care DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.023 sha: doc_id: 352930 cord_uid: onf61i2r file: cache/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.json key: cord-352871-0xgjpd80 authors: Pérez Bartolomé, Francisco; Quirós, Julia Sánchez- title: Manifestaciones oftalmológicas del SARS-Cov-2: Revisión de la literatura date: 2020-08-08 journal: Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.07.020 sha: doc_id: 352871 cord_uid: 0xgjpd80 file: cache/cord-352937-htmp0avc.json key: cord-352937-htmp0avc authors: Chow, Velda Ling Yu; Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai; Wong, Stanley Thian Sze; Wei, William Ignace title: Recommendations for surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-13 journal: Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1002/lio2.417 sha: doc_id: 352937 cord_uid: htmp0avc file: cache/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.json key: cord-352998-02pc3z8n authors: Huang, Shanshan; Wu, Chunmei; Jia, Yuchao; Li, Guo; Zhu, Zhou; Lu, Kai; Yang, Yuyan; Wang, Furong; Zhu, Suiqiang title: COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy date: 2020-08-06 journal: Epilepsia DOI: 10.1111/epi.16635 sha: doc_id: 352998 cord_uid: 02pc3z8n file: cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.json key: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 authors: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Am Coll Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.025 sha: doc_id: 353064 cord_uid: x4dcfjm8 file: cache/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.json key: cord-352969-rpt7xja6 authors: Kataria, Ashish; Yakubu, Idris; Winstead, Ryan; Gowda, Madan; Gupta, Gaurav title: COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice date: 2020-07-15 journal: Transplant Direct DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001031 sha: doc_id: 352969 cord_uid: rpt7xja6 file: cache/cord-353059-39msyuxb.json key: cord-353059-39msyuxb authors: Chroboczek, T.; Lacoste, M.; Wackenheim, C.; Challan-Belval, T.; Amar, B.; Boisson, T.; Hubac, J.; Leduc, D.; Masse, C.; Dechaene, V.; Touhiri-Maximin, L.; Megessier, S.; Lassale, C. title: Beneficial effect of corticosteroids in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a propensity score matching analysis. date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20094755 sha: doc_id: 353059 cord_uid: 39msyuxb file: cache/cord-353004-ocnp758o.json key: cord-353004-ocnp758o authors: Prakash, Lakshmanan; Dhar, Shabir Ahmed; Mushtaq, Muzaffar title: COVID-19 in the operating room: a review of evolving safety protocols date: 2020-07-20 journal: Patient Saf Surg DOI: 10.1186/s13037-020-00254-6 sha: doc_id: 353004 cord_uid: ocnp758o file: cache/cord-353072-n92atcrx.json key: cord-353072-n92atcrx authors: Kadkhoda, Kamran title: COVID-19: an Immunopathological View date: 2020-04-22 journal: mSphere DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00344-20 sha: doc_id: 353072 cord_uid: n92atcrx file: cache/cord-353113-peqzaupr.json key: cord-353113-peqzaupr authors: Wang, Yan; Niu, Zhuo; Peng, Jia-Lin; Wang, Hui-Sheng; Zhang, Ke title: Case Report: Opportunities for Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients—Lessons From a Death Case date: 2020-08-14 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00533 sha: doc_id: 353113 cord_uid: peqzaupr file: cache/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.json key: cord-352911-9wbq9qo2 authors: de Oliveira, Pedro Gonçalves; Termini, Lara; Durigon, Edison Luiz; Lepique, Ana Paula; Sposito, Andrei C; Pierulivo, Enrique Mario Boccardo title: Diacerein: a potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109920 sha: doc_id: 352911 cord_uid: 9wbq9qo2 file: cache/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.json key: cord-353228-fxrf5wsp authors: Xiao, Yaru; Huang, Sufang; Yan, Li; Wang, Hui; Wang, Fang; Zhou, Ting; Deng, Juan; He, Mei title: Clinical characteristics of diarrhea in 90 cases with COVID-19: a descriptive study date: 2020-08-08 journal: Int Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100912 sha: doc_id: 353228 cord_uid: fxrf5wsp file: cache/cord-353200-5csewb1k.json key: cord-353200-5csewb1k authors: Jehi, Lara; Ji, Xinge; Milinovich, Alex; Erzurum, Serpil; Merlino, Amy; Gordon, Steve; Young, James B.; Kattan, Michael W. title: Development and validation of a model for individualized prediction of hospitalization risk in 4,536 patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237419 sha: doc_id: 353200 cord_uid: 5csewb1k file: cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.json key: cord-353229-k3zerr83 authors: Akca, Ummusen Kaya; Kesici, Selman; Ozsurekci, Yasemin; Aykan, Hayrettin Hakan; Batu, Ezgi Deniz; Atalay, Erdal; Demir, Selcan; Sag, Erdal; Vuralli, Dogus; Bayrakci, Benan; Bilginer, Yelda; Ozen, Seza title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 sha: doc_id: 353229 cord_uid: k3zerr83 file: cache/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.json key: cord-353196-pbjrgyj2 authors: Keeney, Tamra title: Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care date: 2020-05-26 journal: Phys Ther DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa097 sha: doc_id: 353196 cord_uid: pbjrgyj2 file: cache/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.json key: cord-353235-jiqhgf56 authors: Bigliardi, Guido; Ciolli, Ludovico; Giovannini, Giada; Vandelli, Laura; Dell’Acqua, Maria Luisa; Borzì, Giuseppe Maria; Picchetto, Livio; Rosafio, Francesca; Ricceri, Riccardo; Meletti, Stefano title: Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-09-08 journal: J Neurovirol DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00898-1 sha: doc_id: 353235 cord_uid: jiqhgf56 file: cache/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.json key: cord-353254-8xa0is5g authors: Katzman, Joanna G; Katzman, Jeffrey W title: COVID-19 Has Provided 20/20 Vision Illuminating Our Nation’s Health Crises date: 2020-09-28 journal: Pain Med DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa357 sha: doc_id: 353254 cord_uid: 8xa0is5g file: cache/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.json key: cord-353173-5c4n4tsf authors: Comunian, Silvia; Dongo, Dario; Milani, Chiara; Palestini, Paola title: Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124487 sha: doc_id: 353173 cord_uid: 5c4n4tsf file: cache/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.json key: cord-353110-0oxy9b1p authors: Hastie, Claire E.; Mackay, Daniel F.; Ho, Frederick; Celis-Morales, Carlos A.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Niedzwiedz, Claire L.; Jani, Bhautesh D.; Welsh, Paul; Mair, Frances S.; Gray, Stuart R.; O'Donnell, Catherine A.; Gill, Jason MR.; Sattar, Naveed; Pell, Jill P. title: Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank date: 2020-05-07 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050 sha: doc_id: 353110 cord_uid: 0oxy9b1p file: cache/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.json key: cord-353321-56zhxd6e authors: Ma, Shujuan; Zhang, Jiayue; Zeng, Minyan; Yun, Qingping; Guo, Wei; Zheng, Yixiang; Zhao, Shi; Wang, Maggie H; Yang, Zuyao title: Epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis of publicly reported individual data of 1155 cases from seven countries date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20040329 sha: doc_id: 353321 cord_uid: 56zhxd6e file: cache/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.json key: cord-353281-leb7c7b0 authors: Spiezia, Luca; Boscolo, Annalisa; Poletto, Francesco; Cerruti, Lorenzo; Tiberio, Ivo; Campello, Elena; Navalesi, Paolo; Simioni, Paolo title: COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure date: 2020-04-21 journal: Thromb Haemost DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710018 sha: doc_id: 353281 cord_uid: leb7c7b0 file: cache/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.json key: cord-353293-vjdwh19x authors: nan title: Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach date: 2020-06-11 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x sha: doc_id: 353293 cord_uid: vjdwh19x file: cache/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.json key: cord-353365-ujz5nkk3 authors: Pirnay, Jean-Paul; Selhorst, Philippe; Cochez, Christel; Petrillo, Mauro; Claes, Vincent; Van der Beken, Yolien; Verbeken, Gilbert; Degueldre, Julie; T’Sas, France; Van den Eede, Guy; Weuts, Wouter; Smets, Cedric; Mertens, Jan; Geeraerts, Philippe; Ariën, Kevin K.; Neirinckx, Pierre; Soentjens, Patrick title: Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Belgian Military Education and Training Center in Maradi, Niger date: 2020-08-27 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12090949 sha: doc_id: 353365 cord_uid: ujz5nkk3 file: cache/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.json key: cord-353163-gr1t3l8z authors: Hughes, Helen E; Hughes, Thomas C; Morbey, Roger; Challen, Kirsty; Oliver, Isabel; Smith, Gillian E; Elliot, Alex J title: Emergency department use during COVID-19 as described by syndromic surveillance date: 2020-09-18 journal: Emerg Med J DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209980 sha: doc_id: 353163 cord_uid: gr1t3l8z file: cache/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.json key: cord-353019-7wj0eu1f authors: Alcadipani, Rafael title: Pandemic and Macho Organizations: Wakeup Call or Business as Usual? date: 2020-05-13 journal: Gend Work Organ DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12466 sha: doc_id: 353019 cord_uid: 7wj0eu1f file: cache/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.json key: cord-353116-7t1prfkr authors: Bhargava, Ashish; Fukushima, Elisa Akagi; Levine, Miriam; Zhao, Wei; Tanveer, Farah; Szpunar, Susanna M; Saravolatz, Louis title: Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa674 sha: doc_id: 353116 cord_uid: 7t1prfkr file: cache/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.json key: cord-353283-rlvfk8w8 authors: Liu, D.; Yang, J.; Feng, B.; Lu, W.; Zhao, C.; Li, L. title: Pleotropic association between risk and prognosis of COVID-19 and gene expression in blood and lung: A Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-09-03 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20187179 sha: doc_id: 353283 cord_uid: rlvfk8w8 file: cache/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.json key: cord-353329-ju3vwlow authors: Haroon, Khawaja Hassan; Muhammad, Ahmad; Hussain, Suhail; Patro, Satya Narayana title: COVID-19 Related Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Complications in Three Young Patients date: 2020-09-28 journal: Case Rep Neurol DOI: 10.1159/000511179 sha: doc_id: 353329 cord_uid: ju3vwlow file: cache/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.json key: cord-353509-yfkiaq80 authors: Nugraha, Rhea Veda; Ridwansyah, Hastono; Ghozali, Mohammad; Khairani, Astrid Feinisa; Atik, Nur title: Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons date: 2020-10-10 journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med DOI: 10.1155/2020/2560645 sha: doc_id: 353509 cord_uid: yfkiaq80 file: cache/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.json key: cord-353373-zhkqnu0w authors: Seidu, Samuel; 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A.; Pérez-González, B.; Uscanga, L. F.; Peláez-Luna, M. title: Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-31 journal: Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.04.002 sha: doc_id: 353548 cord_uid: kf4om6iu file: cache/cord-353586-motgn69w.json key: cord-353586-motgn69w authors: Indu Subramanian; Christina L Vaughan title: Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 journal: Parkinsonism Relat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.042 sha: doc_id: 353586 cord_uid: motgn69w file: cache/cord-353515-92qqucyl.json key: cord-353515-92qqucyl authors: Okura, Hiroyuki title: Update of Takotsubo Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 journal: J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.004 sha: doc_id: 353515 cord_uid: 92qqucyl file: cache/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.json key: cord-353717-jjd90fyh authors: Singhavi, Ravi; Sharma, Kamal; Desai, Hardik D; Patel, Rahul; Jadeja, Dhigishaba title: A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10657 sha: doc_id: 353717 cord_uid: jjd90fyh file: cache/cord-353628-f6ew980g.json key: cord-353628-f6ew980g authors: Zayet, Souheil; Ben Abdallah, Yousri; Royer, Pierre‐Yves; Toko‐Tchiundzie, Lynda; Gendrin, Vincent; Klopfenstein, Timothee title: Encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19: ‘Causality or coincidence?’ date: 2020-05-19 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26027 sha: doc_id: 353628 cord_uid: f6ew980g file: cache/cord-353592-gsvobusu.json key: cord-353592-gsvobusu authors: Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes; Talavera-Velasco, Beatriz; García-Albuerne, Yolanda; Martín-García, Jesús title: Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-30 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155514 sha: doc_id: 353592 cord_uid: gsvobusu file: cache/cord-353621-t5tev985.json key: cord-353621-t5tev985 authors: Gallina, Pasquale; Ricci, Marco; Pera, Marcello title: Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 353621 cord_uid: t5tev985 file: cache/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.json key: cord-353594-z1vxamvp authors: Gagiannis, Daniel; Steinestel, Julie; Hackenbroch, Carsten; Schreiner, Benno; Hannemann, Michael; Bloch, Wilhelm; Umathum, Vincent G.; Gebauer, Niklas; Rother, Conn; Stahl, Marcel; Witte, Hanno M.; Steinestel, Konrad title: Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) date: 2020-10-02 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587517 sha: doc_id: 353594 cord_uid: z1vxamvp file: cache/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.json key: cord-353690-m79zl7ka authors: Balmford, Andrew; Fisher, Brendan; Mace, Georgina M.; Wilcove, David S.; Balmford, Ben title: COVID-19: Analogues and lessons for tackling the extinction and climate crises date: 2020-06-28 journal: Curr Biol DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.084 sha: doc_id: 353690 cord_uid: m79zl7ka file: cache/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.json key: cord-353749-2vlc11rx authors: Stricker, Raphael B; Fesler, Melissa C title: Flattening the Risk: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s264831 sha: doc_id: 353749 cord_uid: 2vlc11rx file: cache/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.json key: cord-353756-lm2qs6ev authors: Massey, Paul R.; Jones, Krystal M. title: Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions (“COVID toes”) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 journal: Semin Oncol DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 353756 cord_uid: lm2qs6ev file: cache/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.json key: cord-353618-r7skw6rf authors: Papa, Alfonso; Salzano, Anna M.; Di Dato, M. Teresa; Varrassi, Giustino title: Images in Practice: Painful Cutaneous Vasculitis in a SARS-Cov-2 IgG-Positive Child date: 2020-05-21 journal: Pain Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00174-4 sha: doc_id: 353618 cord_uid: r7skw6rf file: cache/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.json key: cord-353659-wtacr6qj authors: Almutairi, Nawaf; Schwartz, Robert A. title: Coronavirus Disease‐2019 with Dermatologic Manifestations and Implications: An Unfolding Conundrum date: 2020-05-09 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13544 sha: doc_id: 353659 cord_uid: wtacr6qj file: cache/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.json key: cord-353833-woz5f3gh authors: Feldman, Sarah; Haas, Jennifer S title: How the Coronavirus Disease-2019 May Improve Care: Rethinking Cervical Cancer Prevention date: 2020-07-01 journal: J Natl Cancer Inst DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa089 sha: doc_id: 353833 cord_uid: woz5f3gh file: cache/cord-353697-ocxextfj.json key: cord-353697-ocxextfj authors: Santana, Monique Freire; Pivoto, Guilherme; Alexandre, Márcia A. 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F. title: Social distancing and movement constraint as the most likely factors for COVID-19 outbreak control in Brazil date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088013 sha: doc_id: 353996 cord_uid: slnyun4l file: cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.json key: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 authors: Li, Na; Han, Lefei; Peng, Min; Lv, Yuxia; Ouyang, Yin; Liu, Kui; Yue, Linli; Li, Qiannan; Sun, Guoqiang; Chen, Lin; Yang, Lin title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa352 sha: doc_id: 353862 cord_uid: 7xe3fvd5 file: cache/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.json key: cord-353872-hajtlw9k authors: Cox, Shereen title: To dispense or not to dispense: Lessons to be learnt from ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 journal: Dev World Bioeth DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12284 sha: doc_id: 353872 cord_uid: hajtlw9k file: cache/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.json key: cord-353890-dzauzjm7 authors: Guzzi, Pietro Hiram; Tradigo, Giuseppe; Veltri, Pierangelo title: Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date: 2020-05-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103344 sha: doc_id: 353890 cord_uid: dzauzjm7 file: cache/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.json key: cord-353942-l9kjnrky authors: nan title: Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques date: 2020-06-09 journal: Bull Acad Natl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.06.007 sha: doc_id: 353942 cord_uid: l9kjnrky file: cache/cord-353976-gns5omyb.json key: cord-353976-gns5omyb authors: Kafieh, Rahele; Arian, Roya; Saeedizadeh, Narges; Minaee, Shervin; amini, zahra; Kumar Yadav, Sunil; Vaezi, Atefeh; Rezaei, Nima; Haghjooy Javanmard, Shaghayegh title: COVID-19 in Iran: A Deeper Look Into The Future date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078477 sha: doc_id: 353976 cord_uid: gns5omyb file: cache/cord-354087-wmk0z894.json key: cord-354087-wmk0z894 authors: Parker, Carmen Black; Calhoun, Amanda; Davidson, Larry; Ciarleglio, Nicole; Hinchey, Chelsea; Dike, Charles title: Differentiating Domains of Involuntary Containment for Persons with Severe Psychiatric Impairment and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 journal: Psychosomatics DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 354087 cord_uid: wmk0z894 file: cache/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.json key: cord-354031-j4qlvm60 authors: Rodríguez-Pérez, Celia; Molina-Montes, Esther; Verardo, Vito; Artacho, Reyes; García-Villanova, Belén; Guerra-Hernández, Eduardo Jesús; Ruíz-López, María Dolores title: Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study date: 2020-06-10 journal: Nutrients DOI: 10.3390/nu12061730 sha: doc_id: 354031 cord_uid: j4qlvm60 file: cache/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.json key: cord-353904-dieaqxmi authors: Davies, M.; Osborne, V.; Lane, S.; Roy, D.; Dhanda, S.; Evans, A.; Shakir, S. A. title: Remdesivir in treatment of COVID-19: A systematic benefit-risk assessment date: 2020-05-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093898 sha: doc_id: 353904 cord_uid: dieaqxmi file: cache/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.json key: cord-354039-2fwy9z19 authors: Kelly, Brendan D.; Drogin, Eric; McSherry, Bernadette; Donnelly, Mary title: Mental health, mental capacity, ethics and the law in the context of Covid-19 (coronavirus) date: 2020-10-01 journal: Int J Law Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101632 sha: doc_id: 354039 cord_uid: 2fwy9z19 file: cache/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.json key: cord-353939-vz2bpkyk authors: Ranger, Amita; Haji, Ruby; Kaczmarski, Richard; Danga, Akila title: Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia date: 2020-06-01 journal: Br J Haematol DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16901 sha: doc_id: 353939 cord_uid: vz2bpkyk file: cache/cord-354073-tn76muv6.json key: cord-354073-tn76muv6 authors: Jen, Tung-Hui; Chien, Tsair-Wei; Yeh, Yu-Tsen; Lin, Jui-Chung John; Kuo, Shu-Chun; Chou, Willy title: Geographic risk assessment of COVID-19 transmission using recent data: An observational study date: 2020-06-12 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020774 sha: doc_id: 354073 cord_uid: tn76muv6 file: cache/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.json key: cord-354129-7ayqkeb8 authors: Filetti, Sebastiano title: A journey through and beyond a “perfect storm”: the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02336-y sha: doc_id: 354129 cord_uid: 7ayqkeb8 file: cache/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.json key: cord-354134-gb2pf5kb authors: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi; Burgos-Blasco, Barbara; García-Feijoó, Julián; Sáenz-Francés, Federico; Arriola-Villalobos, Pedro; Martinez-de-la-Casa, Jose María; Benítez-del-Castillo, Jose Manuel; Herrera de la Muela, María title: Conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients: frequency and clinical presentation date: 2020-08-29 journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04916-0 sha: doc_id: 354134 cord_uid: gb2pf5kb file: cache/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.json key: cord-354103-4dldgqzf authors: Grubic, Andrew D; Ayazi, Shahin; Zebarjadi, Javad; Tahmasbi, Hamed; Ayazi, Khosro; Jobe, Blair A title: COVID-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities date: 2020-06-27 journal: World J Gastrointest Surg DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.259 sha: doc_id: 354103 cord_uid: 4dldgqzf file: cache/cord-354168-omen8vvq.json key: cord-354168-omen8vvq authors: Al Saleh, Abdullah S.; Sher, Taimur; Gertz, Morie A. title: Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 journal: Acta Haematol DOI: 10.1159/000507690 sha: doc_id: 354168 cord_uid: omen8vvq file: cache/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.json key: cord-354147-01dhp7nn authors: Gonzalez, Rocío Maqueda; Santacruz, Carlos Cerdán; Septiem, Javier García; Terés, Lara Blanco; González, Jose María Lopesino; Jiménez, Guillermo Fernández; Martín-Pérez, Elena title: Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: comparative cross-sectional cohort study date: 2020-10-23 journal: Cir Esp DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 354147 cord_uid: 01dhp7nn file: cache/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.json key: cord-354164-tlmfn4bm authors: Liao, Xuelian; Chen, Hong; Wang, Bo; Jin, Xiaodong; Li, Zhen; Zhang, Zhongwei; Li, Weimin; Tang, Jin; Wang, Jian; Shi, Rui; Zhen, Xiangde; Wang, Maojuan; Lei, Xianying; Gong, Yu; Lv, Sheng; Jia, Chao; Chen, Li; Shang, Juan; Yang, Min; Wei, Hailong; Zhang, Yuanjun; Yang, Xiong; Shen, Huaqiang; Xiao, Xianhua; Yang, Jie; Wu, Qin; Wang, Wen; Yang, Jin; Liu, Chang; Yin, Wanhong; Xie, Xiaoqi; Tian, Yongming; Liu, Huan; Shuai, Bingxing; Zhang, Wei; Song, Xiangrong; Kang, Yan title: Critical Care for Severe COVID-19: A Population-based Study from a Province with Low Case-fatality Rate in China date: 2020-03-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20041277 sha: doc_id: 354164 cord_uid: tlmfn4bm file: cache/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.json key: cord-354160-sca9bgeq authors: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Al-Yami, Saeed S.; Rigamonti, Daniele title: Changes in Healthcare managing COVID and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic: Striking the balance date: 2020-08-13 journal: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115147 sha: doc_id: 354160 cord_uid: sca9bgeq file: cache/cord-354204-23xkug85.json key: cord-354204-23xkug85 authors: Smargiassi, Andrea; Soldati, Gino; Borghetti, Alberto; Scoppettuolo, Giancarlo; Tamburrini, Enrica; Testa, Antonia Carla; Moro, Francesca; Natale, Luigi; Larici, Anna Rita; Buonsenso, Danilo; Valentini, Piero; Draisci, Gaetano; Zanfini, Bruno Antonio; Pompili, Maurizio; Scambia, Giovanni; Lanzone, Antonio; Franceschi, Francesco; Rapaccini, Gian Ludovico; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Giorgini, Paolo; Richeldi, Luca; Demi, Libertario; Inchingolo, Riccardo title: Lung ultrasonography for early management of patients with respiratory symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Ultrasound DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00501-7 sha: doc_id: 354204 cord_uid: 23xkug85 file: cache/cord-354133-11b0d499.json key: cord-354133-11b0d499 authors: Thomas, B. S.; Marks, N. A. title: Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19 using a Time-Shifted Distribution Analysis date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20216671 sha: doc_id: 354133 cord_uid: 11b0d499 file: cache/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.json key: cord-354113-j8odxs1h authors: Miao, Congliang; Zhuang, Jinqiang; Jin, Mengdi; Xiong, Huanwen; Huang, Peng; Zhao, Qi; Miao, Li; Du, Jiang; Yang, Xinying; Huang, Peijie; Hong, Jiang title: A comparative multi-centre study on the clinical and imaging features of comfirmed and uncomfirmed patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040782 sha: doc_id: 354113 cord_uid: j8odxs1h file: cache/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.json key: cord-354223-0ckpz0bx authors: Yu, Pengming; Wei, Quan; He, Chengqi title: Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks date: 2020-04-13 journal: Am J Phys Med Rehabil DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001445 sha: doc_id: 354223 cord_uid: 0ckpz0bx file: cache/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.json key: cord-354180-6esn3t2b authors: Tyndall, Mark title: Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 journal: Int J Drug Policy DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102880 sha: doc_id: 354180 cord_uid: 6esn3t2b file: cache/cord-354232-tunpb48l.json key: cord-354232-tunpb48l authors: Stall, N. M.; Jones, A.; Brown, K. A.; Rochon, P. A.; Costa, A. P. title: For-profit nursing homes and the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and resident deaths in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-05-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.25.20112664 sha: doc_id: 354232 cord_uid: tunpb48l file: cache/cord-354247-erzak928.json key: cord-354247-erzak928 authors: Iain Pritchard, Roger; Huff, Jamie; Scheinberg, Nataliya title: Impact of Regulatory Changes on Pharmacist Delivered Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 354247 cord_uid: erzak928 file: cache/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.json key: cord-354261-gdvawnp6 authors: Gale, Chris; Knight, Marian; Ladhani, Shamez; Draper, Elizabeth S; Sharkey, Don; Doherty, Cora; Mactier, Helen; Kurinczuk, Jennifer J title: National active surveillance to understand and inform neonatal care in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319372 sha: doc_id: 354261 cord_uid: gdvawnp6 file: cache/cord-354096-x2skguz8.json key: cord-354096-x2skguz8 authors: Ray, Pradipta R.; Wangzhou, Andi; Ghneim, Nizar; Yousuf, Muhammad S.; Paige, Candler; Tavares-Ferreira, Diana; Mwirigi, Juliet M.; Shiers, Stephanie; Sankaranarayanan, Ishwarya; McFarland, Amelia J.; Neerukonda, Sanjay V.; Davidson, Steve; Dussor, Gregory; Burton, Michael D.; Price, Theodore J. title: A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction date: 2020-06-01 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.078 sha: doc_id: 354096 cord_uid: x2skguz8 file: cache/cord-354236-vn45rnve.json key: cord-354236-vn45rnve authors: Allegrante, John P.; Auld, M. Elaine; Natarajan, Sundar title: Preventing COVID-19 and Its Sequela: “There Is No Magic Bullet . . . It's Just Behaviors” date: 2020-05-30 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 354236 cord_uid: vn45rnve file: cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.json key: cord-354216-4khdcjed authors: Sultan, Shahnaz; Altayar, Osama; Siddique, Shazia M.; Davitkov, Perica; Feuerstein, Joseph D.; Lim, Joseph K.; Falck-Ytter, Yngve; El-Serag, Hashem B. title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 354216 cord_uid: 4khdcjed file: cache/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.json key: cord-354330-pud2rqxk authors: Pirzada, Abdul Rouf; Aleissi, Salih A.; Almeneessier, Aljohara S.; BaHammam, Ahmed Salem title: Management of Aerosol during Noninvasive Ventilation for Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Important Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 journal: Sleep Vigil DOI: 10.1007/s41782-020-00092-7 sha: doc_id: 354330 cord_uid: pud2rqxk file: cache/cord-354307-9uriite7.json key: cord-354307-9uriite7 authors: Cal, Teresa Segura de la; Nuche, Jorge; López-Guarch, Carmen Jiménez; Pérez-Olivares, Carmen; Velázquez, Maite; Medrano, Francisco López; Gude, María Jesús López; Charterina, Sergio Alonso; Ynsaurriaga, Fernando Arribas; Subías, Pilar Escribano title: Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients date: 2020-06-26 journal: Arch Bronconeumol DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.004 sha: doc_id: 354307 cord_uid: 9uriite7 file: cache/cord-354270-445lhfdc.json key: cord-354270-445lhfdc authors: Chen, Rong-ning; Liang, Shun-wei; Peng, Yang; Li, Xue-guo; Chen, Jian-bin; Tang, Si-yao; Zhao, Jing-bo title: Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey date: 2020-08-15 journal: Journal of Psychosomatic Research DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110219 sha: doc_id: 354270 cord_uid: 445lhfdc file: cache/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.json key: cord-354306-zbkgabl2 authors: Pennycook, Gordon; McPhetres, Jonathon; Zhang, Yunhao; Lu, Jackson G.; Rand, David G. title: Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention date: 2020-06-30 journal: Psychol Sci DOI: 10.1177/0956797620939054 sha: doc_id: 354306 cord_uid: zbkgabl2 file: cache/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.json key: cord-354257-45bwzuqn authors: Liu, Mengqi; Zeng, Wenbin; Wen, Yun; Zheng, Yineng; Lv, Fajin; Xiao, Kaihu title: COVID-19 pneumonia: CT findings of 122 patients and differentiation from influenza pneumonia date: 2020-05-12 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06928-0 sha: doc_id: 354257 cord_uid: 45bwzuqn file: cache/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.json key: cord-354353-hyz0gmpz authors: Farhangrazi, Z. Shadi; Sancini, Giulio; Hunter, A. Christy; Moghimi, Seyed Moein title: Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis date: 2020-09-24 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579352 sha: doc_id: 354353 cord_uid: hyz0gmpz file: cache/cord-354339-tchu91av.json key: cord-354339-tchu91av authors: Shahzad, Naeem; Abid, Irfan; Mirza, Wajahat Javed; Iqbal, Muhammad Mazhar title: Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan date: 2020-05-06 journal: Journal of global health DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010353 sha: doc_id: 354339 cord_uid: tchu91av file: cache/cord-354337-a70avg2x.json key: cord-354337-a70avg2x authors: Mehraeen, Esmaeil; SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad; Nowroozi, Ali; Dadras, Omid; Alilou, Sanam; Shobeiri, Parnian; Behnezhad, Farzane; Karimi, Amirali title: A systematic review of ECG findings in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 journal: Indian Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.007 sha: doc_id: 354337 cord_uid: a70avg2x file: cache/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.json key: cord-354349-hbk2p6ej authors: Sardar, Sundus; Sharma, Rohit; Alyamani, Tariq Yousef Mohammad; Aboukamar, Mohamed title: COVID-19 and Plasmodium vivax malaria co-infection date: 2020-06-20 journal: IDCases DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00879 sha: doc_id: 354349 cord_uid: hbk2p6ej file: cache/cord-354371-321vd28d.json key: cord-354371-321vd28d authors: Hinchman, Angelica; Ali, Diab; Goodwin, Bailey W.; Gillie, Monica; Boudreaux, Jacob; Laborde, Yvens title: Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020 journal: Ochsner J DOI: 10.31486/toj.20.0059 sha: doc_id: 354371 cord_uid: 321vd28d file: cache/cord-354468-bew35s8q.json key: cord-354468-bew35s8q authors: Margus, Colton; Sondheim, Samuel E.; Peck, Nathan M.; Storch, Bess; Ngai, Ka Ming; Ho, Hsi En; She, Trent title: Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission date: 2020-08-18 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.034 sha: doc_id: 354468 cord_uid: bew35s8q file: cache/cord-354389-l2erwez8.json key: cord-354389-l2erwez8 authors: Street, Maria Elisabeth title: HMGB1: A Possible Crucial Therapeutic Target for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-06 journal: Horm Res Paediatr DOI: 10.1159/000508291 sha: doc_id: 354389 cord_uid: l2erwez8 file: cache/cord-354376-ghxy727r.json key: cord-354376-ghxy727r authors: Duggan, Nicole M.; Shokoohi, Hamid; Liteplo, Andrew S.; Huang, Calvin; Goldsmith, Andrew J. title: Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.06.033 sha: doc_id: 354376 cord_uid: ghxy727r file: cache/cord-354411-4emzxu09.json key: cord-354411-4emzxu09 authors: Nouvenne, Antonio; Zani, Marco Davìd; Milanese, Gianluca; Parise, Alberto; Baciarello, Marco; Bignami, Elena Giovanna; Odone, Anna; Sverzellati, Nicola; Meschi, Tiziana; Ticinesi, Andrea title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Correlations with Chest CT on Hospital admission date: 2020-06-22 journal: Respiration DOI: 10.1159/000509223 sha: doc_id: 354411 cord_uid: 4emzxu09 file: cache/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.json key: cord-354395-5ss8vni5 authors: Huang, G.; Wang, Y.; Wu, X.; Qu, G.; Chen, J.; Yu, H.; Zhang, M.; Wang, L.; Ai, J.; Zhu, H.; Chen, L.; Pei, B. title: Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China date: 2020-10-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20219253 sha: doc_id: 354395 cord_uid: 5ss8vni5 file: cache/cord-354265-udt2spoe.json key: cord-354265-udt2spoe authors: Gersh, Felice; Lavie, Carl J; O’Keefe, James H title: Menopause status and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1447 sha: doc_id: 354265 cord_uid: udt2spoe file: cache/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.json key: cord-354421-tqv2y7ey authors: Wetzler, H. P.; Cobb, H. W. title: New Insights on Excess Deaths and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20051508 sha: doc_id: 354421 cord_uid: tqv2y7ey file: cache/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.json key: cord-354426-cp6tomfw authors: Her, Minyoung title: How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy? date: 2020-04-03 journal: Disaster medicine and public health preparedness DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.69 sha: doc_id: 354426 cord_uid: cp6tomfw file: cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.json key: cord-354434-bi409a6o authors: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.70 sha: doc_id: 354434 cord_uid: bi409a6o file: cache/cord-354491-23cjm86c.json key: cord-354491-23cjm86c authors: Muller, A. E.; Hafstad, E. V.; Himmels, J. P. W.; Smedslund, G.; Flottorp, S.; Stensland, S.; Stroobants, S.; Van de Velde, S.; Vist, G. E. title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic onhealthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-07-04 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145607 sha: doc_id: 354491 cord_uid: 23cjm86c file: cache/cord-354308-ol8twpay.json key: cord-354308-ol8twpay authors: Mardani,; Nadji, Seyed Alireza; Aghazadeh Sarhangipor, Kouros; Sharifi-Razavi, Athena; Baziborun, Mana title: COVID-19 infection recurrence presented with meningoencephalitis date: 2020-07-23 journal: New Microbes New Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100732 sha: doc_id: 354308 cord_uid: ol8twpay file: cache/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.json key: cord-354498-ddzeznxn authors: Haddadi, Sara; Murthi, Mukunthan; Salloum, Ihsan; Mirsaeidi, Mehdi S. title: COVID-19: Risk of Alcohol abuse and Psychiatric disorders date: 2020-09-14 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101222 sha: doc_id: 354498 cord_uid: ddzeznxn file: cache/cord-354373-lldfoptb.json key: cord-354373-lldfoptb authors: Chi, Jeffrey; Chitty, David; Lee, Meeyoung; Hakim, Nausheen; Lakhani, Shamsah; Rajdev, Lakshmi; Zhu, Xinhua; Saif, Muhammad Wasif title: COVID-19 Clinical Research date: 2020-05-05 journal: J Cell Signal DOI: 10.33696/signaling.1.006 sha: doc_id: 354373 cord_uid: lldfoptb file: cache/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.json key: cord-354588-jxzdrxqx authors: Campos, I. S.; Aratani, V. F.; Cabral, K. B.; Limongi, J. E.; Oliveira, S. V. d. title: A vulnerability analysis for the management of and response to the COVID-19 epidemic in the second most populous state in Brazil date: 2020-07-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20158345 sha: doc_id: 354588 cord_uid: jxzdrxqx file: cache/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.json key: cord-354492-6r6qs4pp authors: Messina, Giovanni; Polito, Rita; Monda, Vincenzo; Cipolloni, Luigi; Di Nunno, Nunzio; Di Mizio, Giulio; Murabito, Paolo; Carotenuto, Marco; Messina, Antonietta; Pisanelli, Daniela; Valenzano, Anna; Cibelli, Giuseppe; Scarinci, Alessia; Monda, Marcellino; Sessa, Francesco title: Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work date: 2020-04-28 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093104 sha: doc_id: 354492 cord_uid: 6r6qs4pp file: cache/cord-354575-f5fq75up.json key: cord-354575-f5fq75up authors: Gupta, Latika; Gasparyan, Armen Yuri; Zimba, Olena; Misra, Durga Prasanna title: Scholarly publishing and journal targeting in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and other specialists date: 2020-10-13 journal: Rheumatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04718-x sha: doc_id: 354575 cord_uid: f5fq75up file: cache/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.json key: cord-354619-pftjhtpo authors: Farronato, Marco; Tadakamadla, Santosh K; Ali Quadri, Mir Faeq; Acharya, Shashidhar; Tadakamadla, Jyothi; Love, Robert M.; Jamal, Mohamed; Mulder, Riaan; Maspero, Cinzia; Farronato, Davide; Ivanov, Alexander; Neefs, Dirk; Cagetti, Maria Grazia; de Vito, Danila; Gupta, Rishi J.; Connelly, Stephen Thaddeus; Tartaglia, Gianluca M. title: A Call for Action to Safely Deliver Oral Health Care during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186704 sha: doc_id: 354619 cord_uid: pftjhtpo file: cache/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.json key: cord-354661-wls1rd7d authors: Suen, Yiu-tung; Chan, Randolph Chun Ho; Wong, Eliz Miu Yin title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong date: 2020-08-03 journal: Psychiatry Res DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113365 sha: doc_id: 354661 cord_uid: wls1rd7d file: cache/cord-354472-zixnvehs.json key: cord-354472-zixnvehs authors: Esposito, A.; Palmisano, A.; Scotti, G. M.; Morelli, M. J.; Vignale, D.; De Cobelli, F.; Tonon, G.; Tacchetti, C. title: Why is chest CT important for early diagnosis of COVID-19? Prevalence matters date: 2020-04-01 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047985 sha: doc_id: 354472 cord_uid: zixnvehs file: cache/cord-354658-v451z3jq.json key: cord-354658-v451z3jq authors: Rajagopal, Keshava; Keller, Steven P.; Akkanti, Bindu; Bime, Christian; Loyalka, Pranav; Cheema, Faisal H.; Zwischenberger, Joseph B.; El Banayosy, Aly; Pappalardo, Federico; Slaughter, Mark S.; Slepian, Marvin J. title: Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document” date: 2020-05-11 journal: ASAIO J DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001180 sha: doc_id: 354658 cord_uid: v451z3jq file: cache/cord-354627-y07w2f43.json key: cord-354627-y07w2f43 authors: pinter, g.; Felde, I.; MOSAVI, A.; Ghamisi, P.; Gloaguen, R. title: COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088427 sha: doc_id: 354627 cord_uid: y07w2f43 file: cache/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.json key: cord-354534-0b7zwzjv authors: Fuccillo, E; Saibene, A M; Canevini, M P; Felisati, G title: Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review date: 2020-09-15 journal: The Journal of laryngology and otology DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120002005 sha: doc_id: 354534 cord_uid: 0b7zwzjv file: cache/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.json key: cord-354474-hbl2ywix authors: Temsah, M. H.; Alhuzaimi, A. N.; Alamro, N.; Alrabiaah, A.; Al-Sohime, F.; Alhasan, K.; Kari, J. A.; Almaghlouth, I.; Aljamaan, F.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Jamal, A.; Al Amri, M.; Barry, M.; Al-Subaie, S.; Somily, A. M.; Al-Zamil, F. title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-08-28 journal: Epidemiol Infect DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001958 sha: doc_id: 354474 cord_uid: hbl2ywix file: cache/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.json key: cord-354774-uoewzkjt authors: Setzen, Michael; Svider, Peter; Setzen, Sean; Setzen, Gavin; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Johnson, Andrew P. title: The novel corona virus and rhinology: Impact on practice patterns and future directions date: 2020-06-01 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102569 sha: doc_id: 354774 cord_uid: uoewzkjt file: cache/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.json key: cord-354702-hi4nxf67 authors: Laszkowska, Monika; Faye, Adam S.; Kim, Judith; Truong, Han; Silver, Elisabeth R.; Ingram, Myles; May, Benjamin; Ascherman, Benjamin; Bartram, Logan; Zucker, Jason; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.; Abrams, Julian A.; Lebwohl, Benjamin; Freedberg, Daniel E.; Hur, Chin title: Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients with Gastrointestinal Manifestations date: 2020-09-30 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.037 sha: doc_id: 354702 cord_uid: hi4nxf67 file: cache/cord-354715-zofba2b4.json key: cord-354715-zofba2b4 authors: Ransing, Ramdas; Ramalho, Rodrigo; Orsolini, Laura; Adiukwu, Frances; Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M.; Larnaout, Amine; da Costa, Mariana Pinto; Grandinetti, Paolo; i Bytyçi, Drita Gash; Shalbafan, Mohammadreza; Patil, Ishwar; Nofal, Marwa; Pereira-Sanchez, Victor; Kilic, Ozge title: Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?: Assessment options for mental health professionals date: 2020-05-26 journal: Brain Behav Immun DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.049 sha: doc_id: 354715 cord_uid: zofba2b4 file: cache/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.json key: cord-354861-b04ch0o3 authors: Nasir, E. F.; Almahdi, H. A.; alhag, A. K. title: Study of the Sudanese perceptions of COVID-19: Applying the Health Belief Model. date: 2020-05-29 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115477 sha: doc_id: 354861 cord_uid: b04ch0o3 file: cache/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.json key: cord-354819-gkbfbh00 authors: Islam, Md. Zabirul; Islam, Md. Milon; Asraf, Amanullah title: A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images date: 2020-08-15 journal: Inform Med Unlocked DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100412 sha: doc_id: 354819 cord_uid: gkbfbh00 file: cache/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.json key: cord-354720-fu19u2b0 authors: White-Dzuro, Gabrielle; Gibson, Lauren E.; Zazzeron, Luca; White-Dzuro, Colin; Sullivan, Zachary; Diiorio, Daren A.; Low, Sarah A.; Chang, Marvin G.; Bittner, Edward A. title: Multisystem effects of COVID-19: a concise review for practitioners date: 2020-11-04 journal: Postgraduate medicine DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1823094 sha: doc_id: 354720 cord_uid: fu19u2b0 file: cache/cord-354888-448eqhg8.json key: cord-354888-448eqhg8 authors: Irarrázaval, María J.; Inzunza, Martin; Muñoz, Rodrigo; Quezada, Nicolás; Brañes, Alejandro; Gabrielli, Mauricio; Soto, Pedro; Dib, Martín; Urrejola, Gonzalo; Varas, Julian; Valderrama, Sebastián; Crovari, Fernando; Achurra, Pablo title: Telemedicine for postoperative follow-up, virtual surgical clinics during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 journal: Surg Endosc DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08130-1 sha: doc_id: 354888 cord_uid: 448eqhg8 file: cache/cord-354778-fqfzznns.json key: cord-354778-fqfzznns authors: Zhang, Jian; Zhang, Yumei; Ma, Yidi; Ke, Yalei; Huo, Shanshan; He, Liping; Luo, Wenjuan; Li, Jing; Zhao, Ai title: The associated factors of cesarean section during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in nine cities of China date: 2020-10-10 journal: Environ Health Prev Med DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00899-w sha: doc_id: 354778 cord_uid: fqfzznns file: cache/cord-354866-5yzalrri.json key: cord-354866-5yzalrri authors: Esenwa, Charles; Parides, Michael K.; Labovitz, Daniel L. title: The effect of COVID-19 on stroke hospitalizations in New York City date: 2020-07-13 journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105114 sha: doc_id: 354866 cord_uid: 5yzalrri file: cache/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.json key: cord-354699-u4s2r8gy authors: de Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire; Machado, Michael Ferreira; do Carmo, Rodrigo Feliciano title: Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health date: 2020-08-31 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x sha: doc_id: 354699 cord_uid: u4s2r8gy file: cache/cord-354835-o0nscint.json key: cord-354835-o0nscint authors: Roy, Sayak; Khalse, Maneesha title: Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-06-04 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8440 sha: doc_id: 354835 cord_uid: o0nscint file: cache/cord-354608-1me3nopu.json key: cord-354608-1me3nopu authors: Rabinowicz, Shira; Leshem, Eyal; Pessach, Itai M. title: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence date: 2020-09-19 journal: Curr Infect Dis Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11908-020-00739-6 sha: doc_id: 354608 cord_uid: 1me3nopu file: cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.json key: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 authors: Wu, Renyi; Wang, Lujing; Kuo, Hsiao-Chen Dina; Shannar, Ahmad; Peter, Rebecca; Chou, Pochung Jordan; Li, Shanyi; Hudlikar, Rasika; Liu, Xia; Liu, Zhigang; Poiani, George J.; Amorosa, Louis; Brunetti, Luigi; Kong, Ah-Ng title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Curr Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 sha: doc_id: 354824 cord_uid: 7fdcu2f0 file: cache/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.json key: cord-354792-6ckgxn9l authors: Ghosh, Mousam; Ghosh, Swarnankur; Ghosh, Suman; Panda, Goutam Kumar; Saha, Pradip Kumar title: Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection date: 2020-10-19 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110377 sha: doc_id: 354792 cord_uid: 6ckgxn9l file: cache/cord-354928-brliql4d.json key: cord-354928-brliql4d authors: Wang, Jian; Zhu, Li; Liu, Longgen; Zhao, Xiang‐an; Zhang, Zhaoping; Xue, Leyang; Yan, Xuebing; Huang, Songping; Li, Yang; Cheng, Juan; Zhang, Biao; Xu, Tianmin; Li, Chunyang; Ji, Fang; Ming, Fang; Zhao, Yun; Shao, Huaping; Sang, Dawen; Zhao, Haiyan; Guan, Xinying; Chen, Xiaobing; Chen, Yuxin; Issa, Rahma; Wei, Jie; Huang, Rui; Zhu, Chuanwu; Wu, Chao title: Overweight and obesity are risks factors of severe illness in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-31 journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) DOI: 10.1002/oby.22979 sha: doc_id: 354928 cord_uid: brliql4d file: cache/cord-354939-lon10s7z.json key: cord-354939-lon10s7z authors: Singh, S. title: ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS date: 2020-11-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20151290 sha: doc_id: 354939 cord_uid: lon10s7z file: cache/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.json key: cord-354885-fkgr2o9i authors: Hoffer-Hawlik, Michael A.; Moran, Andrew E.; Burka, Daniel; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Cai, Jun; Frieden, Thomas R.; Gupta, Reena title: Leveraging Telemedicine for Chronic Disease Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During Covid-19 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Global heart DOI: 10.5334/gh.852 sha: doc_id: 354885 cord_uid: fkgr2o9i file: cache/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.json key: cord-354902-t9df8vhc authors: Kearns, Donovan G.; Uppal, Shelley; Chat, Vipawee S.; Wu, Jashin J. title: Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 354902 cord_uid: t9df8vhc file: cache/cord-354689-dsv63it1.json key: cord-354689-dsv63it1 authors: Chen, Qian; Yang, Min; Liao, Guang-quan; Zhao, Yu-er; Yue, Dao-yuan; Yuan, Yue; Cheng, Bin; Qin, Hua title: Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-04 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00564 sha: doc_id: 354689 cord_uid: dsv63it1 file: cache/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.json key: cord-354900-bzv4yhqi authors: Jawhara, Samir title: How to boost the immune defence prior to respiratory virus infections with the special focus on coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-12 journal: Gut Pathog DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00385-2 sha: doc_id: 354900 cord_uid: bzv4yhqi file: cache/cord-354989-k0qktzor.json key: cord-354989-k0qktzor authors: Mantica, Guglielmo; Niccolò Riccardi,; Terrone, Carlo; Gratarola, Angelo title: NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR date: 2020-05-07 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.046 sha: doc_id: 354989 cord_uid: k0qktzor file: cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.json key: cord-354941-0ocsf255 authors: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy; Fraenkel, Peter; Mosconi, Andrea; Nisse, Martine; Munoz, Susana title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 journal: Aust N Z J Fam Ther DOI: 10.1002/anzf.1416 sha: doc_id: 354941 cord_uid: 0ocsf255 file: cache/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.json key: cord-354959-0iwdqbu6 authors: Saddik, B.; Hussein, A.; Sharif-Askari, F. S.; Kheder, W.; Temsah, M.-H.; Koutaich, R. A.; Haddad, E. S.; Al-Roub, N. M.; Marhoon, F. A.; Hamid, Q.; Halwani, R. title: Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. date: 2020-05-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20096933 sha: doc_id: 354959 cord_uid: 0iwdqbu6 file: cache/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.json key: cord-354943-wxhbwcfr authors: Guo, Li; Ren, Lili; Yang, Siyuan; Xiao, Meng; Chang, De; Yang, Fan; Dela Cruz, Charles S; Wang, Yingying; Wu, Chao; Xiao, Yan; Zhang, Lulu; Han, Lianlian; Dang, Shengyuan; Xu, Yan; Yang, Qi-Wen; Xu, Sheng-Yong; Zhu, Hua-Dong; Xu, Ying-Chun; Jin, Qi; Sharma, Lokesh; Wang, Linghang; Wang, Jianwei title: Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-21 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa310 sha: doc_id: 354943 cord_uid: wxhbwcfr file: cache/cord-354972-nc496v6s.json key: cord-354972-nc496v6s authors: Margolin, Emmanuel; Burgers, Wendy A.; Sturrock, Edward D.; Mendelson, Marc; Chapman, Rosamund; Douglass, Nicola; Williamson, Anna-Lise; Rybicki, Edward P. title: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa date: 2020-09-10 journal: Nat Rev Microbiol DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00441-3 sha: doc_id: 354972 cord_uid: nc496v6s file: cache/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.json key: cord-354936-do0bmpxt authors: Chatterjee, Ranit; Bajwa, Sukhreet; Dwivedi, Disha; Kanji, Repaul; Ahammed, Moniruddin; Shaw, Rajib title: COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool: Dual application of risk communication and risk governance date: 2020-06-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100109 sha: doc_id: 354936 cord_uid: do0bmpxt file: cache/cord-354993-gdz63spj.json key: cord-354993-gdz63spj authors: Larcher, Victor; Brierley, Joe title: Children of COVID-19: pawns, pathfinders or partners? date: 2020-06-05 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106465 sha: doc_id: 354993 cord_uid: gdz63spj file: cache/cord-355015-e681jmix.json key: cord-355015-e681jmix authors: Cici, Remziye; Yilmazel, Gülay title: Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: Perspect Psychiatr Care DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12601 sha: doc_id: 355015 cord_uid: e681jmix file: cache/cord-355001-audh5qa7.json key: cord-355001-audh5qa7 authors: Novick, Tessa K.; Rizzolo, Katherine; Cervantes, Lilia title: COVID-19 and Kidney Disease Disparities in the United States date: 2020-06-23 journal: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 355001 cord_uid: audh5qa7 file: cache/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.json key: cord-355023-68lp7i5v authors: Rishi, Praveen; Thakur, Khemraj; Vij, Shania; Rishi, Lavanya; Singh, Aagamjit; Kaur, Indu Pal; Patel, Sanjay K. S.; Lee, Jung-Kul; Kalia, Vipin C. title: Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Indian J Microbiol DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00908-0 sha: doc_id: 355023 cord_uid: 68lp7i5v file: cache/cord-355028-1x7w1749.json key: cord-355028-1x7w1749 authors: Piazza, Cesare; Filauro, Marta; Dikkers, Frederik G.; Nouraei, S. A. Reza; Sandu, Kishore; Sittel, Christian; Amin, Milan R.; Campos, Guillermo; Eckel, Hans E.; Peretti, Giorgio title: Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date: 2020-06-06 journal: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06112-6 sha: doc_id: 355028 cord_uid: 1x7w1749 file: cache/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.json key: cord-355074-u5s3uzp6 authors: Bamgboye, Ebun L.; Omiye, Jesutofunmi A.; Afolaranmi, Oluwasegun J.; Davids, Mogamat Razeen; Tannor, Elliot Koranteng; Wadee, Shoyab; Niang, Abdou; Were, Anthony; Naicker, Saraladevi title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different? date: 2020-11-03 journal: J Natl Med Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 355074 cord_uid: u5s3uzp6 file: cache/cord-355173-rnley2ow.json key: cord-355173-rnley2ow authors: Ibrahim, R. R.; OLADIPO, O. H. title: Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria using Box-Jenkins Modeling Procedure date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091686 sha: doc_id: 355173 cord_uid: rnley2ow file: cache/cord-355080-bzax1u33.json key: cord-355080-bzax1u33 authors: Atkins, J. L.; Masoli, J. A.; Delgado, J.; Pilling, L. C.; Kuo, C.-L. C.; Kuchel, G.; Melzer, D. title: PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES PREDICTING SEVERE COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UK BIOBANK COMMUNITY COHORT date: 2020-05-08 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092700 sha: doc_id: 355080 cord_uid: bzax1u33 file: cache/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.json key: cord-355031-l0tj7kp2 authors: Krenitsky, Nicole M.; Spiegelman, Jessica; Sutton, Desmond; Syeda, Sbaa; Moroz, Leslie title: Primed for a Pandemic: Implementation of Telehealth Outpatient Monitoring for Women with Mild COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 journal: Semin Perinatol DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151285 sha: doc_id: 355031 cord_uid: l0tj7kp2 file: cache/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.json key: cord-355039-qi4fwqbc authors: Azar, William S.; Njeim, Rachel; Fares, Angie H.; Azar, Nadim S.; Azar, Sami T.; El Sayed, Mazen; Eid, Assaad A. title: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other date: 2020-08-02 journal: Rev Endocr Metab Disord DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6 sha: doc_id: 355039 cord_uid: qi4fwqbc file: cache/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.json key: cord-355122-x3v80bdp authors: Desterke, Christophe; Turhan, Ali G.; Bennaceur-Griscelli, Annelise; Griscelli, Frank title: PPARγ cistrome repression during activation of lung monocyte-macrophages in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 journal: iScience DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101611 sha: doc_id: 355122 cord_uid: x3v80bdp file: cache/cord-355181-affuyn8z.json key: cord-355181-affuyn8z authors: Poggio, Claudio; Colombo, Marco; Arciola, Carla Renata; Greggi, Tiziana; Scribante, Andrea; Dagna, Alberto title: Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date: 2020-07-22 journal: Materials (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ma13153244 sha: doc_id: 355181 cord_uid: affuyn8z file: cache/cord-355115-oa0okey8.json key: cord-355115-oa0okey8 authors: Odedra, Devang; Chahal, Baljot S.; Patlas, Michael N. title: Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs date: 2020-06-11 journal: Can Assoc Radiol J DOI: 10.1177/0846537120933215 sha: doc_id: 355115 cord_uid: oa0okey8 file: cache/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.json key: cord-355175-uo9fx6jy authors: Ferrazzi, E; Frigerio, L; Savasi, V; Vergani, P; Prefumo, F; Barresi, S; Bianchi, S; Ciriello, E; Facchinetti, F; Gervasi, MT; Iurlaro, E; Kustermann, A; Mangili, G; Mosca, F; Patanè, L; Spazzini, D; Spinillo, A; Trojano, G; Vignali, M; Villa, A; Zuccotti, GV; Parazzini, F; Cetin, I title: Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis date: 2020-05-28 journal: BJOG DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16278 sha: doc_id: 355175 cord_uid: uo9fx6jy file: cache/cord-355186-7u4h083p.json key: cord-355186-7u4h083p authors: Kobak, Senol title: Comment on “Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?” date: 2020-06-20 journal: Clin Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05233-x sha: doc_id: 355186 cord_uid: 7u4h083p file: cache/cord-355192-80f2658b.json key: cord-355192-80f2658b authors: Owen, Rhiannon K; Conroy, Simon P; Taub, Nicholas; Jones, Will; Bryden, Daniele; Pareek, Manish; Faull, Christina; Abrams, Keith R; Davis, Daniel; Banerjee, Jay title: Comparing associations between frailty and mortality in hospitalised older adults with or without COVID-19 infection: a retrospective observational study using electronic health records date: 2020-07-17 journal: Age Ageing DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa167 sha: doc_id: 355192 cord_uid: 80f2658b file: cache/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.json key: cord-355102-jcyq8qve authors: Avila, Eduardo; Kahmann, Alessandro; Alho, Clarice; Dorn, Marcio title: Hemogram data as a tool for decision-making in COVID-19 management: applications to resource scarcity scenarios date: 2020-06-29 journal: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9482 sha: doc_id: 355102 cord_uid: jcyq8qve file: cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.json key: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k authors: Kassa, Semu M.; Njagarah, John B.H.; Terefe, Yibeltal A. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 journal: Chaos Solitons Fractals DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109968 sha: doc_id: 355267 cord_uid: ndzgxk0k file: cache/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.json key: cord-355047-ri43d5wk authors: Sarangi, Bhakti; Reddy, Venkat Sandeep; Oswal, Jitendra S.; Malshe, Nandini; Patil, Ajinkya; Chakraborty, Manojit; Lalwani, Sanjay title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian Children in the Initial Phase of the Pandemic date: 2020-07-28 journal: Indian Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s13312-020-1994-4 sha: doc_id: 355047 cord_uid: ri43d5wk file: cache/cord-355218-eici4eit.json key: cord-355218-eici4eit authors: Punn, Narinder Singh; Agarwal, Sonali title: Automated diagnosis of COVID-19 with limited posteroanterior chest X-ray images using fine-tuned deep neural networks date: 2020-10-17 journal: Appl Intell DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01900-3 sha: doc_id: 355218 cord_uid: eici4eit file: cache/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.json key: cord-355292-n6sq2jz9 authors: Chen, Yan; Peng, Hua; Wang, Lin; Zhao, Yin; Zeng, Lingkong; Gao, Hui; Liu, Yalan title: Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-16 journal: Front Pediatr DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00104 sha: doc_id: 355292 cord_uid: n6sq2jz9 file: cache/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.json key: cord-355131-ushv3n0z authors: Giuffrè, Mauro; Di Bella, Stefano; Sambataro, Gianluca; Zerbato, Verena; Cavallaro, Marco; Occhipinti, Alessandro Agostino; Palermo, Andrea; Crescenzi, Anna; Monica, Fabio; Luzzati, Roberto; Crocè, Lory Saveria title: COVID-19-Induced Thrombosis in Patients without Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Fecal Calprotectin: Hypothesis Regarding Mechanism of Intestinal Damage Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 journal: Trop Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030147 sha: doc_id: 355131 cord_uid: ushv3n0z file: cache/cord-355146-6rat5j64.json key: cord-355146-6rat5j64 authors: Whittemore, Paul; Macfarlane, Laura; Herbert, Anna; Farrant, John title: Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-08-03 journal: BMJ Case Rep DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236586 sha: doc_id: 355146 cord_uid: 6rat5j64 file: cache/cord-355271-zynnr776.json key: cord-355271-zynnr776 authors: Agrawal, Amit; Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Luis; Mishra, Rakesh; Shrivastava, Adesh; Rahman, Moshiur title: Letter to the editor– “Staying Home - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 journal: World Neurosurg DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.035 sha: doc_id: 355271 cord_uid: zynnr776 file: cache/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.json key: cord-355283-ny1ju7vc authors: Colombo, L.; Macheda, A.; Gentile, D.; Panizzardi, F.; Pierini, S.; Codazzi, C.; Meloni, L.; Bianchi, F.; Santangelo, G. title: How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-08-12 journal: Respir Med Case Rep DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101185 sha: doc_id: 355283 cord_uid: ny1ju7vc file: cache/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.json key: cord-355208-hpldjsc5 authors: Leisman, Daniel E.; Deutschman, Clifford S.; Legrand, Matthieu title: Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation date: 2020-04-28 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06059-6 sha: doc_id: 355208 cord_uid: hpldjsc5 file: cache/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.json key: cord-355311-x6cozo6b authors: Cunningham, Conor; O’ Sullivan, Roger title: Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic date: 2020-09-23 journal: Eur Rev Aging Phys Act DOI: 10.1186/s11556-020-00249-3 sha: doc_id: 355311 cord_uid: x6cozo6b file: cache/cord-355296-46jf56nc.json key: cord-355296-46jf56nc authors: Goldstein, David P.; Ralph, Gilbert; de Almeida, John R.; Jethwa, Ashok R.; Irish, Jonathan; Chepeha, Douglas B.; Brown, Dale; Gullane, Patrick; Waldron, John; Aziza, Elana; Durkin, Lisa title: Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis management in laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00456-z sha: doc_id: 355296 cord_uid: 46jf56nc file: cache/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.json key: cord-355155-1k48jx7v authors: Harper, L.; Kalfa, N.; Beckers, G.; Kaefer, M.; Nieuwhof-Leppink, A.; Fossum, M.; Herbst, K.; Bagli, D. title: The impact of covid-19 on research date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Pediatr Urol DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 355155 cord_uid: 1k48jx7v file: cache/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.json key: cord-355256-7ksbvisv authors: Sloane, Philip D. title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ‘Wicked Problem” with Breakthrough Solutions? date: 2020-04-30 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.020 sha: doc_id: 355256 cord_uid: 7ksbvisv file: cache/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.json key: cord-355356-g7lvb8b4 authors: Lamb, Yvette N. title: Remdesivir: First Approval date: 2020-09-01 journal: Drugs DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01378-w sha: doc_id: 355356 cord_uid: g7lvb8b4 file: cache/cord-355365-goi0uw32.json key: cord-355365-goi0uw32 authors: Minocha, Amal; Sim, Sing Yue; Than, Jonathan; Vakros, Georgios title: Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals date: 2020-04-07 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0857-5 sha: doc_id: 355365 cord_uid: goi0uw32 file: cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.json key: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 authors: Ambrosio, Luca; Vadalà, Gianluca; Russo, Fabrizio; Papalia, Rocco; Denaro, Vincenzo title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Exp Orthop DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 sha: doc_id: 355431 cord_uid: efwuy8p9 file: cache/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.json key: cord-355383-cqd2pa8c authors: Olagoke, Ayokunle A.; Olagoke, Olakanmi O.; Hughes, Ashley M. title: Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression date: 2020-05-16 journal: Br J Health Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12427 sha: doc_id: 355383 cord_uid: cqd2pa8c file: cache/cord-355294-gifsqph6.json key: cord-355294-gifsqph6 authors: García-Suárez, Julio; de la Cruz, Javier; Cedillo, Ángel; Llamas, Pilar; Duarte, Rafael; Jiménez-Yuste, Víctor; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel; Gil-Manso, Rodrigo; Kwon, Mi; Sánchez-Godoy, Pedro; Martínez-Barranco, Pilar; Colás-Lahuerta, Blanca; Herrera, Pilar; Benito-Parra, Laurentino; Alegre, Adrián; Velasco, Alberto; Matilla, Arturo; Aláez-Usón, María Concepción; Martos-Martínez, Rafael; Martínez-Chamorro, Carmen; Susana-Quiroz, Keina; Del Campo, Juan Francisco; de la Fuente, Adolfo; Herráez, Regina; Pascual, Adriana; Gómez, Elvira; Pérez-Oteyza, Jaime; Ruiz, Elena; Alonso, Arancha; González-Medina, José; Martín-Buitrago, Lucía Núñez; Canales, Miguel; González-Gascón, Isabel; Vicente-Ayuso, María Carmen; Valenciano, Susana; Roa, María García; Monteliu, Pablo Estival; López-Jiménez, Javier; Escobar, Cristián Escolano; Ortiz-Martín, Javier; Diez-Martin, José Luis; Martinez-Lopez, Joaquín title: Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study date: 2020-10-08 journal: J Hematol Oncol DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00970-7 sha: doc_id: 355294 cord_uid: gifsqph6 file: cache/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.json key: cord-355395-rckzi8vz authors: Tian, Dandan; Ye, Qing title: Hepatic complications of COVID‐19 and its treatment date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26036 sha: doc_id: 355395 cord_uid: rckzi8vz file: cache/cord-355441-0b266hwn.json key: cord-355441-0b266hwn authors: Misztal, Krzysztof; Pocha, Agnieszka; Durak-Kozica, Martyna; Wątor, Michał; Kubica-Misztal, Aleksandra; Hartel, Marcin title: The importance of standardisation – COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock for deep learning purpose date: 2020-10-28 journal: Comput Biol Med DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104092 sha: doc_id: 355441 cord_uid: 0b266hwn file: cache/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.json key: cord-355447-0xuzolt3 authors: Miller, D. J.; Capodilupo, J. V.; Lastella, M.; Sargent, C.; Roach, G. D.; Lee, V. H.; Capodilupo, E. R. title: Leveraging wearable technology to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. date: 2020-06-19 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20131417 sha: doc_id: 355447 cord_uid: 0xuzolt3 file: cache/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.json key: cord-355533-5kgdg2nb authors: Kline, Jonathan D; Donovan, Andrew E title: Sentinel Case of COVID-19 at Fort Stewart, GA in a National Guard Soldier Participating in Annual Training: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 journal: Mil Med DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usaa144 sha: doc_id: 355533 cord_uid: 5kgdg2nb file: cache/cord-355503-9baof9z8.json key: cord-355503-9baof9z8 authors: Yan, Aihua; Zou, Yi; Mirchandani, Dinesh A title: How hospitals in mainland China responded to the outbreak of COVID-19 using IT-enabled services: an analysis of hospital news webpages date: 2020-04-20 journal: J Am Med Inform Assoc DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa064 sha: doc_id: 355503 cord_uid: 9baof9z8 file: cache/cord-355475-kdubhh73.json key: cord-355475-kdubhh73 authors: Patton, Lauren L. title: Viral Pandemics and Oral Health: Lessons Learned From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-05 journal: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.022 sha: doc_id: 355475 cord_uid: kdubhh73 file: cache/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.json key: cord-355484-2igc5wzx authors: Oteo, J. A.; Marco, P.; Ponce de Leon, L.; Roncero, A.; Lobera, T.; Lisa, V. title: A short therapeutic regimen based on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with non-severe disease. A strategy associated with a reduction in hospital admissions and complications. date: 2020-06-12 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20101105 sha: doc_id: 355484 cord_uid: 2igc5wzx file: cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.json key: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 authors: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo; Imamura, Rui; Castro Junior, Gilberto de; Marta, Gustavo Nader; Chaves, Aline Lauda Freitas; Matos, Leandro Luongo; Bento, Ricardo Ferreira title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712169 sha: doc_id: 355577 cord_uid: w1yhtbz8 file: cache/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.json key: cord-355314-2gb9pzy0 authors: Kalyanaraman Marcello, R.; Dolle, J.; Grami, S.; Adule, R.; Li, Z.; Tatem, K.; Anyaogu, C.; Ayinla, R.; Boma, N.; Brady, T.; Cosme-Thormann, B. F.; Ford, K.; Gaither, K.; Kanter, M.; Kessler, S.; Kristal, R. B.; Lieber, J. J.; Mukherjee, V.; Rizzo, V.; Rowell, M.; Stevens, D.; Sydney, E.; Wallach, A.; Chokshi, D. A.; Davis, N.; Team, New York City Health Hospitals Covid-19 Population Health Data title: Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in New York City's Public Hospital System date: 2020-06-01 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.20086645 sha: doc_id: 355314 cord_uid: 2gb9pzy0 file: cache/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.json key: cord-355318-qm79gz8w authors: Smit, Albertus J.; Fitchett, Jennifer M.; Engelbrecht, Francois A.; Scholes, Robert J.; Dzhivhuho, Godfrey; Sweijd, Neville A. title: Winter Is Coming: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective of the Environmental Drivers of SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential Seasonality of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165634 sha: doc_id: 355318 cord_uid: qm79gz8w file: cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.json key: cord-355528-y4a1g6km authors: Balla, Mamtha; Merugu, Ganesh Prasad; Patel, Mitra; Koduri, Narayana Murty; Gayam, Vijay; Adapa, Sreedhar; Naramala, Srikanth; Konala, Venu Madhav title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 journal: J Clin Med Res DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4142 sha: doc_id: 355528 cord_uid: y4a1g6km file: cache/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.json key: cord-355549-6xnjj5h5 authors: Cécile, Couchoud; Florian, Bayer; Carole, Ayav; Clémence, Béchade; Philippe, Brunet; François, Chantrel; Luc, Frimat; Roula, Galland; Maryvonne, Hourmant; Emmanuelle, Laurain; Thierry, Lobbedez; Lucile, Mercadal; Olivier, Moranne title: Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. date: 2020-08-25 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.042 sha: doc_id: 355549 cord_uid: 6xnjj5h5 file: cache/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.json key: cord-355537-pckjq1n2 authors: Hatef, Elham; Chang, Hsien-Yen; Kitchen, Christopher; Weiner, Jonathan P.; Kharrazi, Hadi title: Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on COVID-19 Prevalence Across Seven States in the United States date: 2020-09-22 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.571808 sha: doc_id: 355537 cord_uid: pckjq1n2 file: cache/cord-355590-io3qv72x.json key: cord-355590-io3qv72x authors: Kanburoglu, Mehmet Kenan; Altuntas, Ozgur; Cicek, Aysegul Copur title: The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 journal: Indian J Pediatr DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03400-1 sha: doc_id: 355590 cord_uid: io3qv72x file: cache/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.json key: cord-355578-z4rjwknv authors: Stoker, Steven; McDaniel, Dalton; Crean, Trevor; Maddox, Joshua; Jawanda, Gurkirat; Krentz, Neal; Best, Jacob; Speicher, Mark; Siwiec, Ryan title: Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Trauma at a Community Level II Trauma Center date: 2020-06-08 journal: J Orthop Trauma DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001860 sha: doc_id: 355578 cord_uid: z4rjwknv file: cache/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.json key: cord-355589-3zdv9zim authors: Simons, David; Shahab, Lion; Brown, Jamie; Perski, Olga title: The association of smoking status with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID‐19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta‐analyses (version 7) date: 2020-10-02 journal: Addiction DOI: 10.1111/add.15276 sha: doc_id: 355589 cord_uid: 3zdv9zim file: cache/cord-355603-j811a48x.json key: cord-355603-j811a48x authors: Lee, KarlaA.; Ma, Wenjie; Sikavi, Daniel R.; Drew, David A.; Nguyen, Long H.; Bowyer, Ruth; Cardoso, M. Jorge; Fall, Tove; Freidin, Maxim B.; Gomez, Maria; Graham, Mark; Guo, Chuan‐Guo; Joshi, Amit D.; Kwon, Sohee; Lo, Chun‐Han; Lochlainn, Mary Ni; Menni, Cristina; Murray, Benjamin; Mehta, Raaj; Song, Mingyang; Sudre, Carole H.; Bataille, Veronique; Varsavsky, Thomas; Visconti, Alessia; Franks, Paul W.; Wolf, Jonathan; Steves, Claire J.; Ourselin, Sebastien; Spector, Tim D.; Chan, Andrew T. title: Cancer and Risk of COVID‐19 Through a General Community Survey date: 2020-08-26 journal: Oncologist DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0572 sha: doc_id: 355603 cord_uid: j811a48x file: cache/cord-355734-pz64534w.json key: cord-355734-pz64534w authors: Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo; Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen; Vargas-Vázquez, Arsenio; Fermín-Martínez, Carlos A; Márquez-Salinas, Alejandro; Bahena-López, Jessica Paola title: Health-care workers with COVID-19 living in Mexico City: clinical characterization and related outcomes date: 2020-09-28 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1487 sha: doc_id: 355734 cord_uid: pz64534w file: cache/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.json key: cord-355558-r6r1t47c authors: Shenoy, Akhil; Ismaily, Mehwish; Bajaj, Mandeep title: Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge date: 2020-04-27 journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001450 sha: doc_id: 355558 cord_uid: r6r1t47c file: cache/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.json key: cord-355755-fd40zy7z authors: Alsadhan, Ibrahim; Alruwashid, Shahad; Alhamad, Maram; Alajmi, Sarah; Alshehri, Sara; Alfadhli, Eman; Ekhzaimy, Aishah title: Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by COVID-19 infection: Case Series date: 2020-10-27 journal: Curr Ther Res Clin Exp DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100609 sha: doc_id: 355755 cord_uid: fd40zy7z file: cache/cord-355567-60sfv60p.json key: cord-355567-60sfv60p authors: Azuma, Kenichi; Yanagi, U; Kagi, Naoki; Kim, Hoon; Ogata, Masayuki; Hayashi, Motoya title: Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control date: 2020-11-03 journal: Environ Health Prev Med DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2 sha: doc_id: 355567 cord_uid: 60sfv60p file: cache/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.json key: cord-355700-1yf1ae1d authors: Chen, Y.; Dong, M. title: How Efficient Can Non-Professional MasksSuppress COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-06-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20117986 sha: doc_id: 355700 cord_uid: 1yf1ae1d file: cache/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.json key: cord-355650-1x66nxgx authors: Kumar, S. title: Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown date: 2020-04-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075499 sha: doc_id: 355650 cord_uid: 1x66nxgx file: cache/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.json key: cord-355772-kvenaqj3 authors: Wang, Xuan; Wang, Min-Jie; Jiang, Xiao-Bing; Wang, Hai-Jun; Zhao, Hong-Yang title: Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff date: 2020-04-11 journal: Neurosurgery DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa117 sha: doc_id: 355772 cord_uid: kvenaqj3 file: cache/cord-355669-90rauz66.json key: cord-355669-90rauz66 authors: Strausz, S.; Kiiskinen, T.; Broberg, M.; Ruotsalainen, S.; Koskela, J.; Bachour, A.; Palotie, A.; Palotie, T.; Ripatti, S.; Ollila, H. M. title: Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051 sha: doc_id: 355669 cord_uid: 90rauz66 file: cache/cord-355593-91bho7aw.json key: cord-355593-91bho7aw authors: A Mohsen, Ahmed; AL-Husseiny, Hassan Fadhil; Zhou, Xueyong; Hattaf, Khalid title: Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects date: 2020-08-03 journal: AIMS Public Health DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020047 sha: doc_id: 355593 cord_uid: 91bho7aw file: cache/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.json key: cord-355540-rlvzj2e5 authors: Bodei, Lisa; Bergsland, Emily; de Herder, Wouter W.; Ferone, Diego; Hicks, Rodney J.; Hope, Thomas A.; Kunikowska, Jolanta; Pavel, Marianne; Reidy-Lagunes, Diane; Siveke, Jens; Strosberg, Jonathan; Dittmer, Ulf; Herrmann, Ken title: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Any Concerns? date: 2020-08-17 journal: J Nucl Med DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249136 sha: doc_id: 355540 cord_uid: rlvzj2e5 file: cache/cord-355713-zupocnuf.json key: cord-355713-zupocnuf authors: Li, Junxiong; Hallsworth, Alan G.; Coca‐Stefaniak, J. Andres title: Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-12 journal: Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12420 sha: doc_id: 355713 cord_uid: zupocnuf file: cache/cord-355674-mhi85px5.json key: cord-355674-mhi85px5 authors: Siddiqi, Hasan K.; Weber, Brittany; Zhou, Guohai; Regan, James; Fajnzylber, Jesse; Coxen, Kendyll; Corry, Heather; Yu, Xu G.; DiCarli, Marcelo; Li, Jonathan Z.; Bhatt, Deepak L. title: Increased prevalence of myocardial injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia. date: 2020-11-10 journal: Am J Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.09.046 sha: doc_id: 355674 cord_uid: mhi85px5 file: cache/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.json key: cord-355777-zly3ddtr authors: Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil; Tuminello, Stephanie; Flores, Raja M.; Taioli, Emanuela title: Disparities in COVID-19 Testing and Positivity in New York City date: 2020-06-25 journal: Am J Prev Med DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.005 sha: doc_id: 355777 cord_uid: zly3ddtr file: cache/cord-355753-muefay2n.json key: cord-355753-muefay2n authors: Garner, Justin L.; Shah, Pallav L. title: Challenges of evaluating lung function as part of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 journal: Eur Respir J DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01621-2020 sha: doc_id: 355753 cord_uid: muefay2n file: cache/cord-355773-k9hut687.json key: cord-355773-k9hut687 authors: Guerini, Andrea Emanuele; Borghetti, Paolo; Filippi, Andrea Riccardo; Bonù, Marco Lorenzo; Tomasini, Davide; Greco, Diana; Imbrescia, Jessica; Volpi, Giulia; Triggiani, Luca; Borghesi, Andrea; Maroldi, Roberto; Pasinetti, Nadia; Buglione, Michela; Magrini, Stefano Maria title: Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. date: 2020-06-02 journal: Clin Lung Cancer DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.05.027 sha: doc_id: 355773 cord_uid: k9hut687 file: cache/cord-355830-kctpftm9.json key: cord-355830-kctpftm9 authors: Perisetti, Abhilash; Gajendran, Mahesh; Goyal, Hemant title: Putative Mechanisms of diarrhea in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.008 sha: doc_id: 355830 cord_uid: kctpftm9 file: cache/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.json key: cord-355847-1ru15s5a authors: Convertino, Irma; Tuccori, Marco; Ferraro, Sara; Valdiserra, Giulia; Cappello, Emiliano; Focosi, Daniele; Blandizzi, Corrado title: Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-11 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03020-3 sha: doc_id: 355847 cord_uid: 1ru15s5a file: cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.json key: cord-355776-f8u66hbt authors: Ni, Zhao; Lebowitz, Eli R.; Zou, Zhijie; Wang, Honghong; Liu, Huaping; Shrestha, Roman; Zhang, Qing; Hu, Jianwei; Yang, Shuying; Xu, Lei; Wu, Jianjun; Altice, Frederick L. title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date: 2020-09-09 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 sha: doc_id: 355776 cord_uid: f8u66hbt file: cache/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.json key: cord-355892-9kkqmm6h authors: Miller, Larry E.; Bhattacharyya, Ruemon; Miller, Anna L. title: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-10-02 journal: Medicine (Baltimore) DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022439 sha: doc_id: 355892 cord_uid: 9kkqmm6h file: cache/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.json key: cord-355824-7p7lov2e authors: Ladds, E.; Rushforth, A.; Wieringa, S.; Taylor, S.; Rayner, C.; Husain, L.; Greenhalgh, T. title: Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 long Covid patients and draft quality criteria for services date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211854 sha: doc_id: 355824 cord_uid: 7p7lov2e file: cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.json key: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 authors: Semaan, Aline; Audet, Constance; Huysmans, Elise; Afolabi, Bosede; Assarag, Bouchra; Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi; Blencowe, Hannah; Caluwaerts, Séverine; Campbell, Oona Maeve Renee; Cavallaro, Francesca L; Chavane, Leonardo; Day, Louise Tina; Delamou, Alexandre; Delvaux, Therese; Graham, Wendy Jane; Gon, Giorgia; Kascak, Peter; Matsui, Mitsuaki; Moxon, Sarah; Nakimuli, Annettee; Pembe, Andrea; Radovich, Emma; van den Akker, Thomas; Benova, Lenka title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 sha: doc_id: 355919 cord_uid: e8fhlo37 file: cache/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.json key: cord-356030-bbj4r81i authors: Haehner, Antje; Draf, Julia; Dräger, Sarah; de With, Katja; Hummel, Thomas title: Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 journal: ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec DOI: 10.1159/000509143 sha: doc_id: 356030 cord_uid: bbj4r81i file: cache/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.json key: cord-355854-hksq8gy4 authors: Pagliaro, Pasquale; Penna, Claudia title: ACE/ACE2 Ratio: A Key Also in 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)? date: 2020-06-18 journal: Front Med (Lausanne) DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00335 sha: doc_id: 355854 cord_uid: hksq8gy4 file: cache/cord-355961-qupxo232.json key: cord-355961-qupxo232 authors: Ndiaye, M.; Diatta, A.E.R. title: La maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : la place de la santé au travail date: 2020-04-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.829 sha: doc_id: 355961 cord_uid: qupxo232 file: cache/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.json key: cord-355850-jgcjscjq authors: Elhadi, Muhammed; Msherghi, Ahmed; Alkeelani, Mohammed; Zorgani, Abdulaziz; Zaid, Ahmed; Alsuyihili, Ali; Buzreg, Anis; Ahmed, Hazim; Elhadi, Ahmed; Khaled, Ala; Boughididah, Tariq; Khel, Samer; Abdelkabir, Mohammed; Gaffaz, Rawanda; Bahroun, Sumayyah; Alhashimi, Ayiman; Biala, Marwa; Abulmida, Siraj; Elharb, Abdelmunam; Abukhashem, Mohamed; Elgzairi, Moutaz; Alghanai, Esra; Khaled, Taha; Boushi, Esra; Ben Saleim, Najah; Mughrabi, Hamad; Alnafati, Nafati; Alwarfalli, Moaz; Elmabrouk, Amna; Alhaddad, Sarah; Madi, Farah; Madi, Malack; Elkhfeefi, Fatima; Ismaeil, Mohamed; Faraag, Belal; Badi, Majdi; AL-Agile, Ayman; Eisay, Mohamed; Ahmid, Jalal; Elmabrouk, Ola; Bin Alshiteewi, Fatimah; Alameen, Hind; Bikhayr, Hala; Aleiyan, Tahani; Almiqlash, Bushray; Subhi, Malak; Fadel, Mawada; Yahya, Hana; Alkot, Safeya; Alhadi, Abdulmueti; Abdullah, Abraar; Atewa, Abdulrahman; Amshai, Ala title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings date: 2020-06-18 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0330 sha: doc_id: 355850 cord_uid: jgcjscjq file: cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.json key: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 authors: Paez, Antonio; Lopez, Fernando A.; Menezes, Tatiane; Cavalcanti, Renata; Pitta, Maira Galdino da Rocha title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 journal: Geogr Anal DOI: 10.1111/gean.12241 sha: doc_id: 355935 cord_uid: psnqrdo2 file: cache/cord-355943-bezpprrk.json key: cord-355943-bezpprrk authors: Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, H.; Sun, W.; Ding, B.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, P.; Zhu, L.; Li, Z.; Li, N.; Chang, L.; Wang, H.; Bai, C.; Xu, P. title: Urine Proteome of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088666 sha: doc_id: 355943 cord_uid: bezpprrk file: cache/cord-355897-9wqrl744.json key: cord-355897-9wqrl744 authors: Landi, Antonio; De Servi, Stefano title: The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted date: 2020-06-05 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02393-1 sha: doc_id: 355897 cord_uid: 9wqrl744 file: cache/cord-355986-ntovppf8.json key: cord-355986-ntovppf8 authors: Chapman, Michael; Russell, Beth; Philip, Jennifer title: Systems of Care in Crisis: The Changing Nature of Palliative Care During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10006-x sha: doc_id: 355986 cord_uid: ntovppf8 file: cache/cord-356033-zzernh1d.json key: cord-356033-zzernh1d authors: Ruan, Wenly; Fishman, Douglas S.; Lerner, Diana G.; Engevik, Melinda A.; Elmunzer, B. Joseph; Walsh, Catharine M. title: Changes in Pediatric Endoscopic Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an International Survey date: 2020-05-30 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.068 sha: doc_id: 356033 cord_uid: zzernh1d file: cache/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.json key: cord-355903-1yzebh7d authors: Singh, Kumar Tathagat; Mishra, Gaurav; Shukla, Alok Kumar; Behera, Subasish; Tiwari, Arun Kumar; Panigrahi, Subhasish; Chhabra, Kumar Gaurav title: Preparedness among dental professionals towards COVID-19 in India date: 2020-06-19 journal: Pan Afr Med J DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.108.23694 sha: doc_id: 355903 cord_uid: 1yzebh7d file: cache/cord-356009-emn2w8if.json key: cord-356009-emn2w8if authors: Roshandel, M. R.; Nateqi, M.; Lak, R.; Aavani, P.; Sari Motlagh, R.; Aghaei Badr, T.; Sfakianos, J.; Kaplan, S. A.; Shariat, S.; Tewari, A. K. title: What Specimen Urologists Should Be Most Concerned About ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209544 sha: doc_id: 356009 cord_uid: emn2w8if file: cache/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.json key: cord-356010-wwzv4tl7 authors: Jolley, Daniel; Paterson, Jenny L. title: Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence date: 2020-06-21 journal: Br J Soc Psychol DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12394 sha: doc_id: 356010 cord_uid: wwzv4tl7 file: cache/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.json key: cord-355898-hlkwwaqe authors: Grippo, Antonello; Assenza, Giovanni; Scarpino, Maenia; Broglia, Lidia; Cilea, Rosalia; Galimberti, Carlo Andrea; Lanzo, Giovanni; Michelucci, Roberto; Tassi, Laura; Vergari, Maurizio; Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo; Mecarelli, Oriano title: Electroencephalography during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Society of Neurophysiology (SINC), the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE), and the Italian Association of Neurophysiology Technologists (AITN) date: 2020-07-21 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04585-1 sha: doc_id: 355898 cord_uid: hlkwwaqe file: cache/cord-355905-av03suua.json key: cord-355905-av03suua authors: Romero Starke, Karla; Petereit-Haack, Gabriela; Schubert, Melanie; Kämpf, Daniel; Schliebner, Alexandra; Hegewald, Janice; Seidler, Andreas title: The Age-Related Risk of Severe Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression date: 2020-08-17 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165974 sha: doc_id: 355905 cord_uid: av03suua file: cache/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.json key: cord-355910-nn4jxwym authors: Kearon, Joanne; Risdon, Cathy title: The Role of Primary Care in a Pandemic: Reflections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada date: 2020-09-27 journal: J Prim Care Community Health DOI: 10.1177/2150132720962871 sha: doc_id: 355910 cord_uid: nn4jxwym file: cache/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.json key: cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 authors: Mousa, Albeir Y.; Nanjundappa, Aravinda title: My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings date: 2020-07-28 journal: J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.07.008 sha: doc_id: 356054 cord_uid: p0b5hkk0 file: cache/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.json key: cord-356056-82bvcuvd authors: Shaikh, Aasef G.; Mitoma, Hiroshi; Manto, Mario title: Cerebellar Scholars’ Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia date: 2020-04-16 journal: Cerebellum DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01131-9 sha: doc_id: 356056 cord_uid: 82bvcuvd file: cache/cord-356055-f2x297r8.json key: cord-356055-f2x297r8 authors: Jacobson, Nathan A.; Nagaraju, Darshan; Miller, Jennifer M.; Bernard, Matthew E. title: COVID Care Clinic: A Unique Way for Family Medicine to Care for the Community During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-10-22 journal: J Prim Care Community Health DOI: 10.1177/2150132720957442 sha: doc_id: 356055 cord_uid: f2x297r8 file: cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.json key: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 authors: Cotrin, Paula; Moura, Wilana; Gambardela-Tkacz, Caroline Martins; Pelloso, Fernando Castilho; dos Santos, Lander; Carvalho, Maria Dalva de Barros; Pelloso, Sandra Marisa; Freitas, Karina Maria Salvatore title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 journal: Inquiry DOI: 10.1177/0046958020963711 sha: doc_id: 356041 cord_uid: tc2cumv2 file: cache/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.json key: cord-356057-87kxlqdc authors: Chagas, Aline Lopes; da Fonseca, Leonardo Gomes; Coelho, Fabricio Ferreira; Saud, Lisa Rodrigues da Cunha; Abadala, Edson; Andraus, Wellington; Fiore, Lucas; Moreira, Airton Mota; Menezes, Marcos Roberto; Carnevale, Francisco César; Tani, Claudia Megumi; Alencar, Regiane S.S.M; D'Albuquerque, Luiz Augusto Carneiro; Herman, Paulo; Carrilho, Flair José title: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic - São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement date: 2020-10-15 journal: Clinics (Sao Paulo) DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2192 sha: doc_id: 356057 cord_uid: 87kxlqdc file: cache/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.json key: cord-356085-rnia7mbq authors: Gai, Ruoyan; Tobe, Makoto title: Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan date: 2020-05-13 journal: Glob Health Res Policy DOI: 10.1186/s41256-020-00149-0 sha: doc_id: 356085 cord_uid: rnia7mbq file: cache/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.json key: cord-356079-w6cqbya0 authors: Simon, John A. title: Editor's perspective: COVID‐19's impact on the remediation industry date: 2020-06-09 journal: Remediation (N Y) DOI: 10.1002/rem.21655 sha: doc_id: 356079 cord_uid: w6cqbya0 file: cache/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.json key: cord-356146-0vqg3r2e authors: Parsi, Kurosh; van Rij, Andre M; Meissner, Mark H; Davies, Alun H; Maeseneer, Marianne De; Gloviczki, Peter; Benson, Stephen; Bottini, Oscar; Canata, Victor Manuel; Dinnen, Paul; Gasparis, Antonios; Gianesini, Sergio; Huber, David; Jenkins, David; Lal, Brajesh K; Kabnick, Lowell; Lim, Adrian; Marston, William; Granados, Alberto Martinez; Morrison, Nick; Nicolaides, Andrew; Paraskevas, Peter; Patel, Malay; Roberts, Stefania; Rogan, Christopher; Schul, Marlin W; Komlos, Pedro; Stirling, Andrew; Thibault, Simon; Varghese, Roy; Welch, Harold J; Wittens, Cees HA title: Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). date: 2020-07-08 journal: Phlebology DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884 sha: doc_id: 356146 cord_uid: 0vqg3r2e file: cache/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.json key: cord-356127-xy5tyd7t authors: Omidi, Negar; Forouzannia, Seyed Khalil; Poorhosseini, Hamidreza; Tafti, Seyed Hossein Ahmadi; Salehbeigi, Shahrzad; Lotfi‐Tokaldany, Masoumeh title: Prosthetic heart valves and the COVID‐19 pandemic era: What should we be concerned about? date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Card Surg DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14707 sha: doc_id: 356127 cord_uid: xy5tyd7t file: cache/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.json key: cord-356061-w7q1i0mj authors: Bani Hani, Diab A.; Alsharaydeh, Ibrahim; Bataineh, Adel M.; Athamneh, Mahmoud Al; Qamileh, Ibrahim; Al-Baik, Amin; Al Shalakhti, Majd H.; Al-Ebbini, Mohammad A.; Aleshawi, Abdelwahab J. title: Successful Anesthetic Management in Cesarean Section for Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 journal: Am J Case Rep DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.925512 sha: doc_id: 356061 cord_uid: w7q1i0mj file: cache/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.json key: cord-356122-lzc1ux5z authors: Fedson, David DS. title: Statin treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: Am J Cardiol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.050 sha: doc_id: 356122 cord_uid: lzc1ux5z file: cache/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.json key: cord-356132-1nisyl5r authors: Wang, Huiyao; Xia, Qian; Xiong, Zhenzhen; Li, Zhixiong; Xiang, Weiyi; Yuan, Yiwen; Liu, Yaya; Li, Zhe title: The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey date: 2020-05-14 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233410 sha: doc_id: 356132 cord_uid: 1nisyl5r file: cache/cord-356164-y778k3hs.json key: cord-356164-y778k3hs authors: Komiyama, Maki; Hasegawa, Koji title: Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 journal: Eur Cardiol DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2020.11 sha: doc_id: 356164 cord_uid: y778k3hs file: cache/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.json key: cord-356145-1jgc62jt authors: García‐Gil, Miguel Fernando; Monte Serrano, Juan; García García, Mar; Barra Borao, Verónica; Matovelle Ochoa, Cristina; Ramirez‐Lluch, Mar; Ara‐Martín, Mariano title: Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 journal: Int J Dermatol DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15041 sha: doc_id: 356145 cord_uid: 1jgc62jt file: cache/cord-356150-ivso91ln.json key: cord-356150-ivso91ln authors: Torretta, Sara; Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo; Cristofaro, Valentina; Ettori, Jacopo; Solimeno, Lorenzo; Battilocchi, Ludovica; D’Onghia, Alessandra; Bonsembiante, Anna; Pignataro, Lorenzo; Marchisio, Paola; Capaccio, Pasquale title: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-31 journal: Ear Nose Throat J DOI: 10.1177/0145561320953231 sha: doc_id: 356150 cord_uid: ivso91ln file: cache/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.json key: cord-356173-8vrw4mag authors: Liebig, J.; Najeebullah, K.; Jurdak, R.; El Shoghri, A.; Paini, D. title: Should international borders re-open? The impact of travel restrictions on COVID-19 importation risk date: 2020-10-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.11.20211060 sha: doc_id: 356173 cord_uid: 8vrw4mag file: cache/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.json key: cord-356174-40k6m7l0 authors: Ducloyer, Mathilde; Gaborit, Benjamin; Toquet, Claire; Castain, Louise; Bal, Antonin; Arrigoni, Pierre Paul; Lecomte, Raphaël; Clement, Renaud; Sagan, Christine title: Complete post-mortem data in a fatal case of COVID-19: clinical, radiological and pathological correlations date: 2020-08-06 journal: Int J Legal Med DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02390-1 sha: doc_id: 356174 cord_uid: 40k6m7l0 file: cache/cord-356131-3at94sle.json key: cord-356131-3at94sle authors: MacIntyre, Peter D.; Gregersen, Tammy; Mercer, Sarah title: Language teachers' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions date: 2020-08-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2020.102352 sha: doc_id: 356131 cord_uid: 3at94sle file: cache/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.json key: cord-356284-n0dhv89q authors: Bachtiger, Patrik; Peters, Nicholas S; Walsh, Simon LF title: Machine learning for COVID-19—asking the right questions date: 2020-07-10 journal: Lancet Digit Health DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30162-x sha: doc_id: 356284 cord_uid: n0dhv89q file: cache/cord-356215-0nypfw48.json key: cord-356215-0nypfw48 authors: Hu, Xiaojing; Liu, Si; Wang, Bo; Xiong, Hui; Wang, Ping title: Management practices of emergency departments in general hospitals based on blockage of chain of infection during a COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-18 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02499-6 sha: doc_id: 356215 cord_uid: 0nypfw48 file: cache/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.json key: cord-356298-a4p4aca8 authors: Luria, Mijal; Nesher, Sharon Peleg title: "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" date: 2020-05-25 journal: J Sex Med DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.020 sha: doc_id: 356298 cord_uid: a4p4aca8 file: cache/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.json key: cord-356314-mhkhey2w authors: Alyami, Mohammad H.; Naser, Abdallah Y.; Orabi, Mohamed A. A.; Alwafi, Hassan; Alyami, Hamad S. title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Ecological Study date: 2020-09-17 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00506 sha: doc_id: 356314 cord_uid: mhkhey2w file: cache/cord-356217-igm2t7md.json key: cord-356217-igm2t7md authors: Noda, Sakura; Ma, Jimmy; Romberg, Erin K.; Hernandez, Rafael E.; Ferguson, Mark R. title: Severe COVID-19 initially presenting as mesenteric adenopathy date: 2020-10-10 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04789-9 sha: doc_id: 356217 cord_uid: igm2t7md file: cache/cord-356235-py38bel4.json key: cord-356235-py38bel4 authors: Jia, Xingwang; Zhang, Pengjun; Tian, Yaping; Wang, Junli; Zeng, Huadong; Wang, Jun; Jiao, Liu; Chen, Zeyan; Zhang, Lijun; He, Haihong; He, Kunlun; Liu, Yajie title: Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-03 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 sha: doc_id: 356235 cord_uid: py38bel4 file: cache/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.json key: cord-356195-5pcaxpp9 authors: Jothimani, Dinesh; Venugopal, Radhika; Abedin, Mohammed Forhad; Kaliamoorthy, Ilankumaran; Rela, Mohamed title: COVID-19 and Liver. date: 2020-06-15 journal: J Hepatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 356195 cord_uid: 5pcaxpp9 file: cache/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.json key: cord-356271-k4ux9yey authors: Sai Thejeshwar, S.; Chokkareddy, C.; Eswaran, K. title: Precise Prediction of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images Using KE Sieve Algorithm date: 2020-08-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174144 sha: doc_id: 356271 cord_uid: k4ux9yey file: cache/cord-356363-gea5229c.json key: cord-356363-gea5229c authors: Kurdi, Amanj; Abutheraa, Nouf; Akil, Lina; Godman, Brian title: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: What is the evidence so far? date: 2020-10-20 journal: Pharmacol Res Perspect DOI: 10.1002/prp2.666 sha: doc_id: 356363 cord_uid: gea5229c Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-covid-cord === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-103629-zhw8vh3e' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-103629-zhw8vh3e' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44624 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43679 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44549 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44344 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44254 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44213 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44629 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43554 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44380 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44865 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44738 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43117 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44417 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44572 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44891 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44972 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44965 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44843 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43987 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44792 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43788 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 88. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 88. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 87. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 86. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013212-lx614fy4 author: Nobel, Yael R. title: Reply to GASTRO-D-20-01179 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011482-c2jdjh2u author: Riccardo, Bertolo title: Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025619-vtk2ujx9 author: nan title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increase risk of death in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011656-zln7zmn9 author: Subedi, Asish title: Medical Ethics Versus Healthcare Workers’ Rights: Fight-or-Flee Response date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011402-sk4tgdf8 author: Low, Tze-Yi title: Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011844-eplgwnem author: Hooshmandi, Etrat title: The Case Is Much More Baffling than We Think date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author: Lei, Pinggui title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009749-mdkuf5bd author: Dobran, Mauro title: Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding “Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.” Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011663-3ggah1y1 author: Haider, Najmul title: Response to ‘Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa’ (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024782-ffl4qtmb author: Schmitt, Willian title: Covid-19: round and oval areas of ground-glass opacity date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012903-fdl1d8as author: Kundi, Harun title: Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 author: Zhong, Yueyang title: COVID-19: Evidence of the Eye date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012587-h3c9novk author: Bos, Lieuwe D. J. title: Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026764-eag13h3p author: Sumner, O. title: Age-appropriate antibiotics date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027759-5mz0qlwq author: Zhou, Anli Yue title: Mental health and the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022603-rgb409fo author: Descatha, A. title: Prise en charge en urgence d’un salarié avec suspicion d’une symptomatologie COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012916-1op8m0pk author: Jia, Fei title: Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013035-7sfj0czv author: Savinelli, Stefano title: Reply date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024323-9w055rnn author: Blanco-Colino, Ruth title: Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection() date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010585-hasoaa0k author: Szekely, Yishay title: Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024002-ag5by3k2 author: Sánchez-Recalde, Ángel title: COVID-19 y shock cardiogénico: diferentes formas de presentación cardiovascular con alta mortalidad date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012010-5h2ox3hu author: Bos, Lieuwe D.J. title: Response to “COVID-19 conundrum: Clinical phenotyping based on pathophysiology as a promising approach to guide therapy in a novel illness” and “Strengthening the foundation of the house of CARDS by phenotyping on the fly” and “COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading?” date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011637-1ojind95 author: Roffi, Marco title: The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011637-1ojind95.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024378-po1bu4v3 author: CHAKRABORTY, Sweta title: How Risk Perceptions, Not Evidence, Have Driven Harmful Policies on COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011793-hlktpla4 author: Rice, Todd W. title: In Defense of Evidence-based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024081-19wk56an author: Kalla, Ismail S. title: COVID-19: The Concept of Herd Immunity – Is It A Strategy for South Africa? date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024081-19wk56an.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011808-ev7qv94b author: Sfeir, Maroun M title: Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026603-h4zy3244 author: Gallo, Oreste title: “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010658-67k8pthy author: Bernard, Andie title: PC-FACS May 2020 for July 2020 Issue date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011620-f3uw74w7 author: Tokuç, Burcu title: Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013269-u1e0kzmm author: Cucinotta, Domenico title: Primum non nocere (first do no harm). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest in Italy date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012897-n5ujh4qg author: Barrett, Tessa J. title: Platelet and Vascular Biomarkers Associate With Thrombosis and Death in Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022175-h83aed9u author: Zhang, Hui title: Consensus on Pre-examination and Triage in Clinic of Dermatology During Outbreak of COVID-19 From Chinese Experts(#) date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026803-p1o4qc1h author: Maddury, Jyotsna title: Need of the Hour— COVID-19 for Cardiologists date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012856-53ep0kty author: Thyagarajan, Rama title: Timing of surgery after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025557-hxn46xnn author: Rayment, Erica title: Pandemic Parliaments: Canadian Legislatures in a Time of Crisis date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024076-q9fw7ch1 author: Manga, Pravin title: Should ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Be Withdrawn in the Current Setting of COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010547-zhw8vh3e author: Vaishya, Raju title: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024005-rsnf1ib0 author: Paquet, Mireille title: COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027031-3olk1i7v author: Hillson, Rowan title: COVID‐19: diabetes and death. A call to action date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024348-nw3a0qco author: Béland, Daniel title: A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author: Schartau, Patricia title: Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027036-lvcxrmih author: Shaw, Ken title: The impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author: Jandrić, Petar title: Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023038-p9w9fwak author: Fang, Mengjie title: CT radiomics can help screen the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a preliminary study date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024349-f8hm9v9g author: MICKLITZ, Hans-W. title: The COVID-19 Threat: An Opportunity to Rethink the European Economic Constitution and European Private Law date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026788-4d3r9rj8 author: Singla, Vikas title: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024317-w1ep0wq8 author: Ku, Zhiqiang title: Antibody therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024956-oht0v33s author: Yu, Minhua title: Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024133-zv0ysi8m author: Saxena, Shailendra K. title: Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023483-owgs4syo author: Marshall, John L title: Colorectal cancer care in the age of coronavirus: strategies to reduce risk and maintain benefit date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 author: Shah, Pooja title: Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026336-xdymj4dk author: Ranjan, Rajesh title: Temporal Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreak and Future Projections: A Data-Driven Approach date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026991-75sbxnsc author: Sultan, Omar Muayad title: Pulmonary ct manifestations of COVID-19: changes within 2 weeks duration from presentation date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012898-1jl6zcwa author: Schäfer, Sarah K. title: Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense of Coherence date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024649-y7nqz6vk author: Bösel, J. title: Neurologische Auswirkungen von COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024564-ff5ex004 author: Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title: Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024935-22jvb4i7 author: Kundu, Shinjini title: How Might AI and Chest Imaging Help Unravel COVID-19’s Mysteries? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024634-ciuynofm author: DOBBS, Mary title: National Governance of Public Health Responses in a Pandemic? date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025765-gd8217va author: Weersink, Alfons title: Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025765-gd8217va.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024130-kgzegwon author: Ankita title: COVID-19: An Ophthalmological Update date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024613-yump76qu author: Wu, Chunxing title: Recommendations for control and prevention of infections for pediatric orthopedics during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024613-yump76qu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011424-d4pswmxa author: Naidich, Jason J. title: Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Imaging Case Volumes date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024936-ncia0h9m author: Luker, Gary D. title: Transitioning to a New Normal after COVID-19: Preparing to Get Back on Track for Cancer Imaging date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024078-d34e31zd author: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024080-eh3ztsv5 author: Dheda, Keertan title: Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011725-t1jl4cy1 author: Varma, Niraj title: HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028529-d1g33f1c author: Agrifoglio, Alexander title: COVID-19 and fungal co-infections: we must keep them in mind date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028163-ay37zzj5 author: Hussain, Yaseen title: COVID-19 in five neighbouring limited resources countries: A financial and health threats date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023988-u60l07jv author: Bao, Yinyin title: Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027798-aq13cugo author: Kenny, Sue title: Covid-19 and community development date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026130-ki7bn67o author: Sharma, Anand Kumar title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028321-um448esn author: Pollock, Kim title: Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028321-um448esn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028321-um448esn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-028321-um448esn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029106-gkck1u4y author: Ma, Lina title: COVID-19 Prevention: Use of Self-Reported Tools to Screen Frail Older Adults date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028525-0ckagrt1 author: Yung, Chee Fu title: Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Adults to Children date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author: Tang, Daxing title: Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029568-0xyz5z5b author: Gogia, Spriha title: Covid-19 X-Curves: Illness Hidden, Illness Deferred date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025886-259357pg author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-025886-259357pg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025556-oyfx3ij5 author: THUNSTRÖM, LINDA title: Testing for COVID-19: willful ignorance or selfless behavior? date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028552-w4yluham author: Maurya, Deepak title: Development of Autonomous Advanced Disinfection Tunnel to Tackle External Surface Disinfection of COVID-19 Virus in Public Places date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028552-w4yluham.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026340-2nf97zvc author: Singh, Ranjana title: Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028557-68jypaaw author: Joshi, Jaiteerth R. title: COVSACK: an innovative portable isolated and safe COVID-19 sample collection kiosk with automatic disinfection date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025747-iuzoio29 author: Murphy, Rebecca title: Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028300-u8hogdyf author: Koop, Royce title: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected MPs’ Representational Activities? date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028034-pjotppso author: Kang, Jian‐Sheng title: Vitamin intervention for cytokine storm in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028034-pjotppso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029226-eagbwk7j author: Williamson, Brian title: Beyond COVID‐19 lockdown: A Coasean approach with optionality date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029419-b0w9nomq author: Matthews, Adam title: Review of Mark Honigsbaum (2020). The Pandemic Century—A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19: Cambridge, MA: Penguin. 321 pp. ISBN 9780753558287 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028605-ehercdou author: Merchan, Cristian title: COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028605-ehercdou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029654-pq2y6eek author: Rubio, José Luis Callejas title: One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic() date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029967-dnyhn4bt author: Alpert, Joseph S. title: We Will Never Give Up date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030197-ohz1i5uh author: Tosato, Matteo title: “Say Ninetynine”: It’s Never Too Late to Recover from COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028624-dzx62k23 author: Yong, Celina M. title: Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030556-usyvz5fj author: Dave, M. title: Open-book examinations date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author: nan title: Dear Editor, date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030578-8c77d59p author: Combs, Joshua C. title: SARS CoV-2: a review of current treatment regimens date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029885-vawqjfij author: Piccini, Jonathan P. title: EP News: Quality Improvement and Outcomes date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029590-95rp9u93 author: Kumar, Pooja title: Reassessing Covid-19 Needs: How Providers Can Reexamine Their Surge Capacity, Supply Availability, Workforce Readiness, and Financial Resiliency date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028566-avl980hg author: Palko, Hannah Catherine title: In fighting common threats, people’s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China’s COVID-19 battle and her other combats date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-028566-avl980hg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029880-mhmvc0kq author: Sy, Charlle title: Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029906-vfkqmri7 author: Kirigia, Joses Muthuri title: The monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Turkey date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029630-46d1cfy0 author: Nacoti, Mirco title: At the Epicenter of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Humanitarian Crises in Italy: Changing Perspectives on Preparation and Mitigation date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029813-o2uzcuai author: Rusconi, Stefano title: COVID-19: studying the global pandemic – foreword date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029606-2z1tw4xo author: John, Janice title: Developing an Intensive Community Covid-19 Management Strategy: Helping Our Patients Access Patient-Centered Care across a Continuum of Covid-19 Disease Needs date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029859-fhm0d9t9 author: Yue, Ling title: How psychiatrists coordinate treatment for COVID-19: a retrospective study and experience from China date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030382-pqf899k7 author: Smith, Shaun title: The Heroes and Heroines: Supporting the Front Line in New York City During Covid-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author: Mjåset, Christer title: On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029631-hdqzjdz3 author: Parodi, Stephen title: Kaiser Permanente’s System Capabilities to Suppress Covid-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author: Overby, Madison title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031418-ucdu4btq author: nan title: Nervenschäden schon bei milden COVID-19-Verläufen? date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030051-kzkpu94o author: O’Brien, Michelle Mary Clare title: Opportunistic Diagnosis of Extensive Pulmonary Embolus Following “COVID-19 Blood Battery” in Very Frail Older Patients date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029620-jwpl2jq9 author: Heyworth, Leonie title: Expanding Access through Virtual Care: The VA’s Early Experience with Covid-19 date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030956-wire1g2n author: Kolta, Marian Fayek title: COVID-19 variant radiological findings with high lightening other coronavirus family (SARS and MERS) findings: radiological impact and findings spectrum of corona virus (COVID-19) with comparison to SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031493-w8agvg9g author: Davido, Benjamin title: Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author: Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title: Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030138-250u4nxi author: Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron title: Maintaining critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic: hurricane preparations by US energy companies date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031061-48xwfr9i author: Abdullah, Abdullah title: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030378-f9hf9plf author: Madsen, Tracy E. title: Unique Risks and Solutions for Equitable Advancement during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Early Experience from Frontline Physicians in Academic Medicine date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029609-zh2ah34g author: Hamilton, Barbara C.S. title: Developing Perioperative Covid-19 Testing Protocols to Restore Surgical Services date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029672-y2ii6r3u author: Van Assche, Ari title: From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030256-muah207b author: Kapoor, Poonam Malhotra title: COVID-19 Thrombosis: An Unsolved Mystery date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030256-muah207b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030256-muah207b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030256-muah207b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030296-4xthry9c author: Barbieri, Paolo title: What can we learn about reshoring after Covid-19? date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031023-njs5d635 author: Fadulelmola, Ahmed title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fractures 30-day mortality date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031023-njs5d635.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author: Li, Jingwei title: The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029466-9sy6icrm author: Ramadan, Ahmad Riad title: Tales of a department: how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed Detroit’s Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology—part I: the surge date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030192-ebsh62ll author: Winant, Abbey J. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030565-jwqod8q5 author: Ali, Rasha Mostafa Mohamed title: Radiological findings spectrum of asymptomatic coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030600-0o7xafqz author: Fonseka, T title: The effects of COVID-19 on training within urology: Lessons learned in virtual learning, human factors, non-technical skills and reflective practice date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030771-0x0d56fb author: Sorenson, Corinna title: Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031818-lawd185l author: Rich, Robert Soler title: Expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case() date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031818-lawd185l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029865-zl0romvl author: Bowe, Emily title: Learning from lines: Critical COVID data visualizations and the quarantine quotidian date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028285-n4dommet author: Weilongorska, Natasha L. title: COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-028285-n4dommet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031534-agj3nnr8 author: Calderón, José Lemus title: Differentiating characteristics of asthmatic patients in the SARS-CoV2 infection. date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030228-mx9ycsvo author: Momaya, Kirankumar S. title: Return from COVID-19: Thinking Differently About Export Competitiveness and Sustainability date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030191-tekgcthp author: Suchá, Dominika title: Suboptimal Quality and High Risk of Bias in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies on Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography in the Acute Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030506-mqsgqfbs author: Bonilla-Molina, Luis title: Covid-19 on Route of the Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030254-eevqclsy author: Mehta, Chitra title: Management of Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029710-ythz9ax0 author: Homayounieh, Fatemeh title: CT Radiomics, Radiologists and Clinical Information in Predicting Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031035-yixlsymd author: Poom, Age title: COVID-19 is spatial: Ensuring that mobile Big Data is used for social good date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030998-1u3fme80 author: van Dalen, Hendrik P title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Financially Fragile and Aging Societies date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031835-jx8lzdl8 author: Zhao, Fei title: Time to lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies by informatics technologies in an information era date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031739-4hapxw7l author: Mohamed, Yahye Garad title: Clinical and chest CT presentations from 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Mogadishu, Somalia: a descriptive study date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029863-f3bn550o author: Jassi, Amita title: OCD and COVID-19: a new frontier date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029545-fspjpmsr author: nan title: Council of International Neonatal Nurses (COINN) News page date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029898-2t9mif9k author: Chaganti, Shikha title: Automated Quantification of CT Patterns Associated with COVID-19 from Chest CT date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029172-fctcfoak author: Romano, John L. title: Politics of Prevention: Reflections From the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030730-ciatihn0 author: Ahuja, Sakshi title: Deep transfer learning-based automated detection of COVID-19 from lung CT scan slices date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031590-k16gsa7e author: Gharekhanloo, Farideh title: Variety of radiological findings in a family with COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028972-1athnjkh author: Etemad, Hamid title: Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031726-ubt9wnf9 author: Ad’hiah, Ali H. title: Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032276-bvbz94bi author: Azam, Gaousul title: Letter: Outpatient Consultation and Silent Transmission of COVID-19: Risk for the Neurosurgeon? date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030927-wo8r8zny author: Collins, Curtis D title: Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032073-8eguv697 author: El Fakiri, K. title: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Moroccan Children date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032073-8eguv697.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032268-oj94e8wo author: Kaeuffer, Charlotte title: The BAS²IC score: a useful tool to identify patients at high risk of early progression to severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031378-iy67xnec author: Atif, Iqra title: The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030992-ed0h045d author: Akhtar, Saeed title: Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author: Pinto Neto, Osmar title: Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031175-4dm4asen author: Joo, Jaehun title: Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031461-r9lv43us author: Asad, Ali title: Evolution of COVID-19 Pandemic in India date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031940-bbord079 author: Ye, Tingqing title: Analysis and prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China with uncertain time series date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031940-bbord079.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031940-bbord079.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031940-bbord079.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031112-fadju8a6 author: Baker, Scott R title: The Unprecedented Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031518-1w14wr0i author: Khodarahmi, Reza title: The ACE2 as a “rescue protein” or “suspect enzyme” in COVID-19: possible application of the “engineered inactive hrsACE2” as a safer therapeutic agent in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031938-oe5gf257 author: Tor, Phern-Chern title: Model for ethical triaging of electroconvulsive therapy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031460-nrxtfl3i author: Sharma, Vikas Kumar title: Modeling and Forecasting of COVID-19 Growth Curve in India date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031106-h1h5q9qo author: Schivardi, Fabiano title: Identifying the Real Effects of Zombie Lending date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029332-yn603pvb author: nan title: Full Issue PDF date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032222-i6gfp4me author: Xue, Ling title: A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030934-t7akdu6x author: Bahrami, Afsane title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031417-y9g00712 author: Ohme, Jakob title: Staying Informed and Bridging “Social Distance”: Smartphone News Use and Mobile Messaging Behaviors of Flemish Adults during the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031417-y9g00712.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030529-2wkes9nk author: Goggin, Gerard title: COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032332-bfggtolv author: Liu, Zhe title: Uncertain growth model for the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031984-kcs6oukj author: Gupta, Amitesh title: Estimating the Impact of Daily Weather on the Temporal Pattern of COVID-19 Outbreak in India date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032244-s7t5u9lf author: Valente, Serafina title: ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf author: de Weck, Olivier title: Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032240-xswtx940 author: Sauer, François title: Pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19: case series date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032240-xswtx940.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032757-4nqg9m74 author: Zhan, Bingyan title: Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031700-xxku8q1f author: Hess, Kristy title: Local newspapers and coronavirus: conceptualising connections, comparisons and cures date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033312-ja45g4b0 author: Yetkin, Ertan title: COVID-19 pandemic: a glimpse into newly diagnosed hypertensive patients date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032972-nf5qwcj8 author: van Osch, Dirk title: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in COVID-19: a case report. Haemodynamic and therapeutic considerations date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032691-d9jg0471 author: Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. title: COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032239-uoy0ywvw author: Scotto di Uccio, Fortunato title: ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Network Organization for the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during the Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030984-2mqn4ihm author: Davies, Anna title: Riskscapes and the socio-spatial challenges of climate change date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032450-mklmsw01 author: Yasin, Rabab title: Chest X-ray findings monitoring COVID-19 disease course and severity date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032891-pvijxcgi author: Zhang, Joe title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033196-e2cejj95 author: Smart, Neil title: Colorectal Surgery in the time of Covid 19 date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033505-bv705puy author: Rogado, Jacobo title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033505-bv705puy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031885-by4cujyy author: Guo, Hai title: The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034156-adcnahpn author: Kim, Michael G. title: Fatal Cerebral Edema in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032820-l0vkq0j3 author: Mohamed, Sherif title: Incidence and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke in the COVID-19 pandemic: the dilemma date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033417-5elpvxhw author: Muthuppalaniappan, Menaka title: Healthcare Cyber-Attacks and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urgent Threat to Global Health date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033656-ivp3lchc author: Lim, Seok Mei title: Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on COVID-19 Negative Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034398-g09usvbs author: Kumar, Santhi Iyer title: Filling the Bench: Faculty Surge Deployment in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034195-yiv8rp7y author: Guhan, Samantha M. title: COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032285-gkd1wb09 author: Collier, Paul title: Reforming the UK financial system to promote regional development in post-COVID Britain date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032929-hqfzlddn author: Ciftci, Bahadir title: May regional anesthesia be a better choice for the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032928-m0awip9y author: Sobh, Eman title: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033778-u2r0neyc author: Taban, EM title: Observational study of therapeutic bronchoscopy in critical hypoxaemic ventilated patients with COVID-19 at Mediclinic Midstream Private Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032227-xxa0hlpu author: Pyszczynski, Tom title: Terror Management Theory and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031101-6wb1g4dy author: Ramelli, Stefano title: Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034289-6y4437ah author: Xiao, Zhenxu title: Management of people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey among epileptologists in China date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032692-h2c7ogga author: Northstone, Kate title: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032245-f5g3r3nv author: Bahri, Amrita title: Women at the frontline of COVID-19: Can Gender Mainstreaming in Free Trade Agreements Help? date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032256-7yrh16ab author: Susskind, Daniel title: The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author: Baker, Joseph O title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032599-b4lcqzcv author: Doumbia-Henry, Cleopatra title: Shipping and COVID-19: protecting seafarers as frontline workers date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033827-ex1ahuc6 author: Brooks, Deborah Jordan title: Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033833-woref5g8 author: Fragoso-Saavedra, Sergio title: A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033833-woref5g8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033982-3slubbaf author: Avellanas Chavala, M.L. title: Pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19() date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033660-rbhs15og author: Richards-Belle, Alvin title: Critical care outcomes, for the first 200 patients with confirmed COVID-19, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: A report from the ICNARC Case Mix Programme date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034443-rptylxmw author: Morley, John E. title: COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033974-0rzi7x22 author: Boyd, Rhea W title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033820-3u3uybnt author: Rashid, Alina title: Pandemic anxiety and its correlates among young doctors working frontline in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033218-wpe0sl43 author: Porsse, Alexandre A. title: The economic impacts of COVID‐19 in Brazil based on an interregional CGE approach date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034603-9gso0zib author: Dungar, Keval Dhanji title: Can surgery continue safely during a pandemic? A commentary on “Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study” date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031942-mfz313q0 author: Kim, Hye Kyung title: Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking, Avoidance, and Processing: A Multicountry Comparative Study date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034135-c3hjkcyh author: Valin, J.P. title: Physician Executives Guide a Successful Covid-19 Response in Colorado date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033780-184e64tr author: Smith, Rasheid title: Implications of current and future approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 testing date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033780-184e64tr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032231-7pwy8cyq author: Cho, Sang-Wook (Stanley) title: Quantifying the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Sweden date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z author: Ali, Sana title: Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034373-7v7r44do author: Stevens, Jennifer P. title: Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034660-g28qmyh8 author: Sciamanna, Christopher title: Using Persuasion Science to Improve COVID-19 Contact Tracing date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032552-rjuug7er author: Umviligihozo, Gisele title: Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031081-szqrjxq2 author: Campbell, Margaret C title: In Times of Trouble: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Responses to Threats date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033550-47sqvg54 author: Jain, Rachna title: Deep learning based detection and analysis of COVID-19 on chest X-ray images date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034157-uif9xtvl author: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Anesthetic Considerations for Recovered COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034495-gvtv8o96 author: Hussain, Kashif title: Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034466-e6kg0yx9 author: Al-Zaidi, Haider Majid Haider title: Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033759-cjxzenld author: Kang, Jaeho title: The Media Spectacle of a Techno-City: COVID-19 and the South Korean Experience of the State of Emergency date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034181-ji4empe6 author: Saqib, Mohd title: Forecasting COVID-19 outbreak progression using hybrid polynomial-Bayesian ridge regression model date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032751-pmclolvh author: Head, Katharine J. title: A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033401-0o1g1924 author: Jerry II, Robert H title: COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034517-ygiqrmbw author: Wieland, Mark L. title: Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035023-kviogc6h author: Harrison, Stephanie L. title: End-Stage Renal Disease and 30-day Mortality for Adults with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq author: Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034689-se1hdn61 author: Smith, David L. title: A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033882-uts6wfqw author: Khakharia, Aman title: Outbreak Prediction of COVID-19 for Dense and Populated Countries Using Machine Learning date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033655-16hj7sev author: Miroudot, Sébastien title: Reshaping the policy debate on the implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034952-hctfmjhv author: D'Avanzo, Barbara title: What changed in the Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards during the lockdown date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033334-p7szd86k author: Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title: The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034629-uusqhsnf author: Eufemia, Luca title: Peacebuilding in times of COVID-19: risk-adapted strategies of cooperation and development projects date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033420-pjtyv0pv author: Kalokairinou, Louiza title: The promise of direct-to-consumer COVID-19 testing: ethical and regulatory issues date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034436-yhb8m1si author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033204-v17d98c9 author: Yen, Wei‐Ting title: Taiwan’s COVID‐19 Management: Developmental State, Digital Governance, and State‐Society Synergy date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035020-mhs7yext author: Simadibrata, Daniel Martin title: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033356-ppn71yd0 author: Abbott, Frederick M title: Facilitating Access to Cross-Border Supplies of Patented Pharmaceuticals: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034435-yp0gfl47 author: Medetalibeyoglu, A. title: Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031840-k9l91unc author: Lu, Li title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034371-j3xxmkjd author: Schellack, Natalie title: COVID-19: Guidelines for pharmacists in South Africa date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034058-8lokg6hs author: Kim, In Kyung title: The impact of social distancing on box-office revenue: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034690-x8lkngra author: Ridge, Carole A title: Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography (DECTPA) Quantifies Vasculopathy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033329-gi0mug1p author: Montesi, Michela title: Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034686-y0y5ltxs author: Gieraerts, Christopher title: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035113-bhnv2qbi author: Senapati, Apurbalal title: A novel framework for COVID-19 case prediction through piecewise regression in India date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035077-qjrokb17 author: Konstantinov, Vsevolod title: COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033714-rz5unqaz author: Gupte, Jaideep title: COVID-19: what is not being addressed date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034691-cw1311qg author: Grodecki, Kajetan title: Quantitative Burden of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Chest CT Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Prospective International Registry date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034814-flp6s0wd author: Lamsal, Rabindra title: Design and analysis of a large-scale COVID-19 tweets dataset date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035290-ungilw9s author: Rice, Louis title: After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035070-drt6esrk author: Cheng, Yichun title: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035142-axyjd96e author: Zein, Joe G. title: Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035016-ipv8npdy author: Torreele, Els title: Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034942-ezwt39rq author: Asayama, Shinichiro title: Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt' === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-118731-h5au2h09' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-118731-h5au2h09' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035312-xh7oomcg author: Mandal, Amit K.J. title: In situ immune-mediated pulmonary artery thrombosis and Covid-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035099-8yk0dzxf author: Brika, Marine title: Geriatric Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a Case Report date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034614-r429idtl author: Yasar, Huseyin title: A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-034614-r429idtl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033854-pub3lhiv author: van Zanten, Jan Anton title: Beyond COVID-19: Applying “SDG logics” for resilient transformations date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035026-2qcsfd87 author: Ugwueze, Chidiebere V. title: COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035443-mkba8f1e author: Wong, Leslie P. title: COVID-19 and Elder Health Inequity in Dialysis date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035314-afngpddq author: Malik, Is-haq O title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035314-afngpddq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035176-oryjjoiw author: Detterline, Stephanie title: An internal medicine residency’s response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035095-wo5fq359 author: Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo title: Pneumolysis and “Silent Hypoxemia” in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035042-umufaixr author: Inui, Shohei title: Comparison of Chest CT Grading Systems in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035042-umufaixr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035396-lg7m9xzs author: Bains, Amarpreet S. title: Maintaining Throughput and Reducing Discharge Delays After Increasing Capacity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital’s Experience date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035269-60im90ab author: Khalaf, Ola Osama title: Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035269-60im90ab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author: Rahim, Fawad title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035272-j070oidg author: McGowan, Catherine R. title: COVID-19 testing acceptability and uptake amongst the Rohingya and host community in Camp 21, Teknaf, Bangladesh date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035272-j070oidg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102557-25mu0mo9 author: Torres-Salinas, Daniel title: Daily growth rate of scientific production on Covid-19. Analysis in databases and open access repositories date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104461-nkqdkvfu author: Aujayeb, Avinash title: Consolidating medical ambulatory care services in the COVID-19 era date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104454-qavbcwp7 author: Amon, Joseph J. title: COVID-19 and Detention: Respecting Human Rights date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035333-2duu1c9n author: MacLaren, Graeme title: What’s new in ECMO for COVID-19? date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035067-ic843wr9 author: de Almeida, Joana Ferro Machado title: COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: what do we already know? date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035327-p2c6q1zj author: Segura de la Cal, Teresa title: Unexpected Favourable Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Patients date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033453-557obi3r author: Bretscher, Lorenzo title: COVID-19 and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns: Impact and Transmission date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033453-557obi3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author: Li, Xiaoran title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035307-r74ovkbd author: Liu, Shuchang title: Attitudes towards Wildlife Consumption inside and outside Hubei Province, China, in Relation to the SARS and COVID-19 Outbreaks date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author: Sondermann, Elena title: The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102281-xymfoa86 author: Higuera, J title: Traqueostomía En Cuidados Intensivos En Pacientes Covid 19 date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035275-lfyxbg92 author: Servotte, Jean-Christophe title: Development and implementation of an end-of-shift clinical debriefing method for emergency departments during COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035098-zmv0ngf0 author: Li, Daqiu title: Stacked-autoencoder-based model for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT images date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3 author: Kortuem, S. O. title: The Role of the Emergency Department in Protecting the Hospital as a Critical Infrastructure in the Corona Pandemic Strategies and Experiences of a Rural Sole Acute-Care Clinic date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104501-e5e0xrou author: Bashash, Davood title: The Prognostic Value of Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102456-6jt4ksha author: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119104-9d421si9 author: Huynh, Tin Van title: BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119104-9d421si9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104467-elwfz1gk author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 and Myocarditis date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-118214-jna34p8p author: Dhakal, Parashar title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035138-7v92aukg author: Tognoni, Gianni title: Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035230-p999nlnc author: Nikopoulou, V. A. title: Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035038-iefkv5g7 author: Leal Filho, Walter title: COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development research date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104473-bx3svdrk author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: Utility of D-dimer as a Prognostic Factor in SARS CoV2 Infection: A Review date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103929-5rnmyq3n author: Karsiyakali, Nejdet title: Evaluation of the Sexual Functioning of Individuals Living in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Internet-Based Nationwide Survey Study date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104441-zxxg8i1b author: Raoufi, Masoomeh title: Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Mortality of COVID-19 Cases; a Cross sectional Study date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-117800-jzokod4q author: Umer, Hamza title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regional Lockdown Policies in the Containment of Covid-19: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035210-s9t76pcz author: Kaye, Avi Gurion title: The efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab in reducing severe COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-118509-nws464ug author: Islam, Muhammad Nazrul title: A Survey on the Use of AI and ML for Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-118509-nws464ug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-124618-51235tn2 author: Said, Ahmed Ben title: Predicting COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-124618-51235tn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author: Jin, C. title: Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103545-2v89ku4o author: Bellos, Ioannis title: Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-123714-1ll0a9q6 author: Zhou, Jianlong title: Examination of community sentiment dynamics due to covid-19 pandemic: a case study from Australia date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104507-xx7t26rl author: Safari, Saeid title: Extracorporeal Hemoperfusion as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Severe COVID-19 patients; a Narrative Review date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-127860-9fngwsh3 author: Reyad, Omar title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104440-9hbib8b3 author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: Thrombus in Transit and Impending Pulmonary Embolism Detected on POCUS in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author: Lee, Hyeon-Seung title: Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119307-rlc2f6zw author: Zhang, Edwin title: Covidex: Neural Ranking Models and Keyword Search Infrastructure for the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119275-2mhsp6jn author: Heidarian, Shahin title: CT-CAPS: Feature Extraction-based Automated Framework for COVID-19 Disease Identification from Chest CT Scans using Capsule Networks date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104426-qz8pffei author: Tay, K title: COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103659-wpwfqhp2 author: Almqvist, J. title: Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections: a systematic review date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-120442-qfgoue67 author: Zaman, Anis title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-132051-pb4ppdlm author: Cai, Yong title: The 2020 Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104486-syirijql author: Adiga, Aniruddha title: Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104486-syirijql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104486-syirijql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-104486-syirijql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035380-qfvskz9n author: Nasajpour, Mohammad title: Internet of Things for Current COVID-19 and Future Pandemics: an Exploratory Study date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-124654-zs2533s5 author: Wei, Wenqi title: A Real-time Robot-based Auxiliary System for Risk Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-137263-mbww0yyt author: Hayashi, Teruaki title: Data Requests and Scenarios for Data Design of Unobserved Events in Corona-related Confusion Using TEEDA date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-117445-zu2mns82 author: Gao, Jian title: Quantifying Policy Responses to a Global Emergency: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt cache: ./cache/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-131975-9z3skg4n author: Senapati, Abhishek title: Impact of intervention on the spread of COVID-19 in India: A model based study date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-130351-w9mij6c6 author: Mamidala, Estari title: In silico identification of clinically approved medicines against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of covid-19 date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-145906-4vgbzcx8 author: Chae, Seo Yoon title: Estimation of Infection Rate and Prediction of Initial Infected Individuals of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104509-hxaq9bf5 author: Khateri, Sorour title: The Prevalence of Underlying Diseases and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients; an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-125190-87wcp92x author: Xiong, Chenfeng title: Data-Driven Modeling Reveals the Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders on Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-144221-ohorip57 author: Kapoor, Mudit title: Authoritarian Governments Appear to Manipulate COVID Data date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-144221-ohorip57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-133143-ws708tsc author: Xu, Wentao title: Characterizing the roles of bots during the COVID-19 infodemic on Twitter date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-127759-wpqdtdjs author: Qi, Xiao title: Chest X-ray Image Phase Features for Improved Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Convolutional Neural Network date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author: Zhang, Han title: How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104500-m0kfom0x author: Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M. title: The Potential Role of Super Spread Events in SARS-COV-2 Pandemic; a Narrative Review date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-142894-jrkqfl9p author: Bandt, Christoph title: Transparent Covid-19 prediction date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-138965-pcmpc5sd author: Afzal, Shehzad title: A Visual Analytics Based Decision Making Environment for COVID-19 Modeling and Visualization date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-121777-3zrnz9nc author: Qian, Xuelin title: M3Lung-Sys: A Deep Learning System for Multi-Class Lung Pneumonia Screening from CT Imaging date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-129728-fpoqjmes author: Ouyang, Xi title: Dual-Sampling Attention Network for Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-140847-d6w8fu3b author: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title: SurviveCovid-19 -- A Game for Improving Awareness of Social Distancing and Health Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author: Nason, Guy P. title: Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032383-2dqpxumn author: Shuja, Junaid title: COVID-19 open source data sets: a comprehensive survey date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-122159-sp6o6h31 author: Raskar, Ramesh title: COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps: Evaluation and Assessment for Decision Makers date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-123970-qikmhoo4 author: Bao, Forrest Sheng title: Triaging moderate COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias from routine blood tests date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-135296-qv7pacau author: Polsinelli, Matteo title: A Light CNN for detecting COVID-19 from CT scans of the chest date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-168557-xt4bf31r author: Yi, Jirong title: Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-128991-mb91j2zs author: Agapiou, Sergios title: Modeling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Cyprus date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-132120-u5s5heqm author: Dempsey, Walter title: The Hypothesis of Testing: Paradoxes arising out of reported coronavirus case-counts date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-138439-wvynetna author: Wei, Xiyi title: Sex Differences in Severity and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Evidence from Pooled Literature Analysis and Insights from Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-138439-wvynetna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-138978-hfmgc5ve author: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title: Mood of India During Covid-19 -- An Interactive Web Portal Based on Emotion Analysis of Twitter Data date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035015-slgywe0c author: Nunn, Alistair V. W. title: SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-131094-1zz8rd3h author: Parisi, L. title: QReLU and m-QReLU: Two novel quantum activation functions to aid medical diagnostics date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-136138-baxmoutj author: Hobson, Stacy title: Trust and Transparency in Contact Tracing Applications date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-103899-6tqm99g1 author: Mirzaei, Rasoul title: The emerging role of microRNAs in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035285-dx5bbeqm author: Simmhan, Yogesh title: GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-158545-qp5aemzw author: Stier, Andrew J. title: COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-171868-315udu9w author: Hussein, Molla Rashied title: Overview of digital health surveillance system during COVID-19 pandemic: public health issues and misapprehensions date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-171868-315udu9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-155530-fz9l7rc7 author: Pierson, Emma title: Assessing racial inequality in COVID-19 testing with Bayesian threshold tests date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-152881-k1hx1m61 author: Toda, Alexis Akira title: Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Dynamics of COVID-19 and Economic Impact date: 2020-03-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt cache: ./cache/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-135363-l2r6uprq author: Bolsover, Gillian title: Balancing freedoms, rights and responsibilities during COVID in US: a study of anti- and pro-restriction discourse date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-168974-w80gndka author: Ozkaya, Umut title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Classification using Deep Features Fusion and Ranking Technique date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-168974-w80gndka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-171231-m54moffr author: Habli, Ibrahim title: Enhancing Covid-19 Decision-Making by Creating an Assurance Case for Simulation Models date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-171231-m54moffr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-152740-ln2dbqn2 author: Najafi, Ali title: ComStreamClust: A communicative text clustering approach to topic detection in streaming data date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-169141-71qh6yjr author: Krieg, Steven J. title: Pandemic Pulse: Unraveling and Modeling Social Signals during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-162772-5jgqgoet author: Viguerie, Alex title: Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-154091-uuupn82y author: Xu, Zhanwei title: GASNet: Weakly-supervised Framework for COVID-19 Lesion Segmentation date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-171660-iqgi1906 author: Yin, Hui title: Detecting Topic and Sentiment Dynamics Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Using Social Media date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt cache: ./cache/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-151118-25cbus1m author: Murray, Benjamin title: Accessible Data Curation and Analytics for International-Scale Citizen Science Datasets date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-159554-50077dgk author: Shan, Fei title: Lung Infection Quantification of COVID-19 in CT Images with Deep Learning date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-159554-50077dgk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-164374-d3zojh1g author: Chowdhury, Aritra title: Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-168579-w2lsg7go author: Lee, Minha title: Human Mobility Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt cache: ./cache/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-169484-mjtlhh5e author: Pellert, Max title: Dashboard of sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-148145-qg5623s7 author: Singh, Bikash Chandra title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Subcontinent: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-138473-cajdh1z1 author: Mobiny, Aryan title: Radiologist-Level COVID-19 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-170666-zjwlmzj3 author: Liu, Shinan title: Characterizing Service Provider Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-147282-6a1dfzs8 author: Bermudi, Patricia Marques Moralejo title: Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-155804-ft2pbgsl author: Yamac, Mehmet title: Convolutional Sparse Support Estimator Based Covid-19 Recognition from X-ray Images date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-172814-rywu0xp5 author: Chen, M. Keith title: Causal Estimation of Stay-at-Home Orders on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-177610-8aodvgww author: Groza, Adrian title: Detecting fake news for the new coronavirus by reasoning on the Covid-19 ontology date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-140679-r6exuzxs author: Calderon-Ramirez, Saul title: Correcting Data Imbalance for Semi-Supervised Covid-19 Detection Using X-ray Chest Images date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-168710-a5pst4gf author: Jalilian, Abdollah title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-141541-g5pt10yn author: McLachlan, Scott title: Bluetooth Smartphone Apps: Are they the most private and effective solution for COVID-19 contact tracing? date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-147853-h9t7sp4z author: Stephany, Fabian title: The CoRisk-Index: A data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk assessments related to COVID-19 in real-time date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-158252-l43ztxsl author: Pawlowski, Colin title: Longitudinal laboratory testing tied to PCR diagnostics in COVID-19 patients reveals temporal evolution of distinctive coagulopathy signatures date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-151667-nz26lxyk author: Born, Jannis title: Accelerating COVID-19 Differential Diagnosis with Explainable Ultrasound Image Analysis date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-182237-brzv7z2n author: Rizk-Allah, Rizk M. title: COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-152238-z0gysxni author: Aronna, M. Soledad title: A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-176636-wzuhnfwp author: Malhotra, Aakarsh title: Multi-Task Driven Explainable Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-133998-yni5wnwq author: Lee, Myeong title: Human Mobility during COVID-19 in the Context of Mild Social Distancing: Implications for Technological Interventions date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-153150-rep51ly9 author: Tang, Chen title: Functional data analysis: An application to COVID-19 data in the United States date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-176481-12ny6l5a author: Burridge, Henry C. title: Airborne infection R-numbers for regularly attended spaces: COVID-19 a case-study date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-189256-72eumkal author: Santosh, Roshan title: Detecting Emerging Symptoms of COVID-19 using Context-based Twitter Embeddings date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt cache: ./cache/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-189256-72eumkal.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-185125-be11h9wn author: Baldea, Ioan title: What Can We Learn from the Time Evolution of COVID-19 Epidemic in Slovenia? date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-160526-27kmder5 author: Meyer, R. Daniel title: Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-160526-27kmder5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-186831-724br56j author: Chen, Xiaocong title: Momentum Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot COVID-19 Diagnosis from Chest CT Images date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-186831-724br56j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-186831-724br56j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-186831-724br56j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-175085-nmuxnf7k author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A Model of Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-175149-pwntqqtd author: Oniani, David title: A Qualitative Evaluation of Language Models on Automatic Question-Answering for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-184685-ho72q46e author: Huang, Tongtong title: Population stratification enables modeling effects of reopening policies on mortality and hospitalization rates date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-174036-b3frnfr7 author: Thomas, Loring J. title: Spatial Heterogeneity Can Lead to Substantial Local Variations in COVID-19 Timing and Severity date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-192409-vhd7gjmf author: Goldstein, Elisha title: COVID-19 Classification of X-ray Images Using Deep Neural Networks date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-183600-wxfq90zq author: Arthur, Rudy title: Studying the UK Job Market During the COVID-19 Crisis with Online Job Ads date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-173774-idj19hd3 author: Li, Jinfeng title: COVID-19 Contact-tracing Apps: a Survey on the Global Deployment and Challenges date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-187703-40382yjq author: Buzzell, Andrew title: COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation on Social Networks -- The Limits of Veritistic Countermeasures date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-187703-40382yjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-171089-z4oya6kz author: Liu, Meijun title: Can pandemics transform scientific novelty? Evidence from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-199863-5j01k5v6 author: Verenich, Edward title: Improving Explainability of Image Classification in Scenarios with Class Overlap: Application to COVID-19 and Pneumonia date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-184744-oyc2djxk author: Parvez, Md Sorwer Alam title: Virtual Screening of Plant Metabolites against Main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutics option of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-209619-hy27h1nd author: Dobin, Daniel title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-180457-047iqerh author: Gorrell, Genevieve title: MP Twitter Abuse in the Age of COVID-19: White Paper date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-180457-047iqerh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-189307-qb0s06tl author: Wang, Linda title: COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-03-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-154587-qbmm5st9 author: Nguyen, Thanh Thi title: Artificial Intelligence in the Battle against Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Survey and Future Research Directions date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-198272-s0lk1812 author: Bairagi, Anupam Kumar title: Controlling the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Noncooperative Game Perspective date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt cache: ./cache/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-207242-hb1r2aw7 author: Ghader, Sepehr title: Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-189629-7qaqu02f author: Tan, Tao title: Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-207839-h8mcmqnc author: Amran, Dor title: Automated triage of COVID-19 from various lung abnormalities using chest CT features date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-202465-38oeau38 author: Voorhees, Ellen title: TREC-COVID: Constructing a Pandemic Information Retrieval Test Collection date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-202465-38oeau38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-201798-doi5w7tb author: Seto, Christopher title: Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-208177-m8q6dyfx author: Chaisemartin, Cl'ement de title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-215345-p1iktm9v author: He, Bing title: Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-195263-i4wyhque author: Heider, Philipp title: COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt cache: ./cache/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-192653-6cv7qlcu author: Alam, Firoj title: Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Arms date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-204125-fvd6d44c author: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. title: An early warning tool for predicting mortality risk of COVID-19 patients using machine learning date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-178783-894gkrsk author: Zhang, Rui title: Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-199156-7yxzj7tw author: Chan, Ho Fai title: Risk Attitudes and Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-206006-8l7hrany author: Wang, Rui title: Mutations on COVID-19 diagnostic targets date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt cache: ./cache/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-203191-7ftg6bfx author: Guo, Kai title: Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-197480-qmzkpcmn author: Motamed, Saman title: RANDGAN: Randomized Generative Adversarial Network for Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-197922-i1ojh8jj author: Kapoor, Amol title: Examining COVID-19 Forecasting using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-207989-hn37wkhf author: Bras, Pierre Le title: Visualising COVID-19 Research date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-150218-javbnjrg author: Gupta, Prateek title: COVI-AgentSim: an Agent-based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-179749-qdbmpi7j author: Sacks, Daniel W. title: What can we learn about SARS-CoV-2 prevalence from testing and hospital data? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-215290-n1656hq0 author: Tu, Jingxuan title: Exploration and Discovery of the COVID-19 Literature through Semantic Visualization date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-180835-sgu7ayvw author: Kolic, Blas title: Data-driven modeling of public risk perception and emotion on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-184424-t8yhu7p8 author: Miralles-Pechu'an, Luis title: A Deep Q-learning/genetic Algorithms Based Novel Methodology For Optimizing Covid-19 Pandemic Government Actions date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-217201-lvefk7qx author: Wang, Yang title: Ontology-based annotation and analysis of COVID-19 phenotypes date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-195929-cgabxs19 author: Aggarwal, Jai title: Exploration of Gender Differences in COVID-19 Discourse on Reddit date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-196129-3zfeamgs author: Demertzis, Konstantinos title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The"Greek"case in the Global Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-202824-jb47s9qt author: Zhang, Pengyi title: DRR4Covid: Learning Automated COVID-19 Infection Segmentation from Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-177001-ron8oqrn author: Afshordi, Niayesh title: Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-190407-l9mutkby author: Ziems, Caleb title: Racism is a Virus: Anti-Asian Hate and Counterhate in Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt cache: ./cache/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-207180-k6f6cmyn author: Shahrezaye, Morteza title: COVID-19's (mis)information ecosystem on Twitter: How partisanship boosts the spread of conspiracy narratives on German speaking Twitter date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-185121-f6vjm4j4 author: Paiva, Henrique Mohallem title: A computational tool for trend analysis and forecast of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-225887-kr9uljop author: Thelwall, Mike title: Covid-19 Tweeting in English: Gender Differences date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author: Fazeli, Shayan title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-197818-asd39zbj author: Wu, Kai title: Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection Before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-205189-4be24yda author: Asawa, Parth title: COVID-19 in Spain and India: Comparing Policy Implications by Analyzing Epidemiological and Social Media Data date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-205189-4be24yda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-224428-t8s52emf author: Tandon, Hiteshi title: Coronavirus (COVID-19): ARIMA based time-series analysis to forecast near future date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author: Bento, Ana I. title: Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-229612-7xnredj7 author: Pal, Ankit title: Pay Attention to the cough: Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Interpretable Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Sound Signal Processing date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-219520-by3gxrd8 author: Pang, Junjie title: Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-218324-gqiapgiv author: Dlotko, Pawel title: Visualising the Evolution of English Covid-19 Cases with Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-219681-83p1ujl4 author: Gathergood, John title: The English Patient: Evaluating Local Lockdowns Using Real-Time COVID-19&Consumption Data date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-204060-ddve4mga author: Li, Tianyang title: Robust Screening of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray via Discriminative Cost-Sensitive Learning date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-167889-um3djluz author: Chen, Jianguo title: A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Against COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-167889-um3djluz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-171703-n22tr8f2 author: Hanmo, Li title: Robust estimation of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic at US counties date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-240274-igoz2ei4 author: Subirana, Brian title: Hi Sigma, do I have the Coronavirus?: Call for a New Artificial Intelligence Approach to Support Health Care Professionals Dealing With The COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-232657-deu921ma author: Prabhu, Shreekanth M. title: Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-232657-deu921ma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-228736-x1w5pi67 author: Suryanarayanan, Parthasarathy title: WNTRAC: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Tracking of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Implemented Worldwide for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-234996-hah19vmk author: Kabiri, Aliakbar title: How different age groups responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility behaviors: a case study of the United States date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-233012-ltbvpv8b author: Garcia-Gasulla, Dario title: Global Data Science Project for COVID-19 Summary Report date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-240742-w57e1eu6 author: Arela-Bobadilla, Ronal title: Excess deaths hidden 100 days after the quarantine in Peru by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-213974-rtltf11w author: Lensink, Keegan title: Segmentation of Pulmonary Opacification in Chest CT Scans of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-226621-x7slh9n9 author: Inuwa-Dutse, Isa title: A curated collection of COVID-19 online datasets date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-219880-3wob432t author: Ma, Liantao title: CovidCare: Transferring Knowledge from Existing EMR to Emerging Epidemic for Interpretable Prognosis date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-219880-3wob432t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-231762-ymz7z76i author: Misra, Sampa title: Multi-Channel Transfer Learning of Chest X-ray Images for Screening of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-238881-tupom7fb author: Yeh, Chun-Fu title: A Cascaded Learning Strategy for Robust COVID-19 Pneumonia Chest X-Ray Screening date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-234918-puunbcio author: Shalu, Hrithwik title: A Data-Efficient Deep Learning Based Smartphone Application For Detection Of Pulmonary Diseases Using Chest X-rays date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt cache: ./cache/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-234918-puunbcio.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-241686-bzt6jsyi author: Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar title: In Silico Investigations on the Potential Inhibitors for COVID-19 Protease date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-208252-e0vlaoii author: Calvetti, Daniela title: Bayesian dynamical estimation of the parameters of an SE(A)IR COVID-19 spread model date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-243982-qhrlvmap author: Unberath, Mathias title: Artificial Intelligence-based Clinical Decision Support for COVID-19 -- Where Art Thou? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-236775-tshyi559 author: Zine, Houssine title: Modeling the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt cache: ./cache/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-236775-tshyi559.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-198180-pwmr3m4o author: Gupta, Deepti title: Future Smart Connected Communities to Fight COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-219107-klpmipaj author: Zachreson, Cameron title: Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks using mobility data date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251957-luw8m3eq author: Griffin, Claire L. title: Aortic Disease in the Time of COVID: Repercussions on Patient Care at an Academic Aortic Center date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-226263-ns628u21 author: Ye, Yanfang title: $alpha$-Satellite: An AI-driven System and Benchmark Datasets for Hierarchical Community-level Risk Assessment to Help Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-226263-ns628u21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-238782-z9nb8cwt author: Rajinikanth, Venkatesan title: Firefly-Algorithm Supported Scheme to Detect COVID-19 Lesion in Lung CT Scan Images using Shannon Entropy and Markov-Random-Field date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-246504-wjpi5uvz author: Pandey, Abhishek title: The effect of extended closure of red-light areas on COVID-19 transmission in India date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252084-04zbbyii author: Dawson, P. title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251945-v077hhgk author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib as Treatment of COVID-19 Friend or Foe of the Pancreas? Cerda-Contreras et.al date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-225145-m5udub60 author: Kai, De title: Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-225145-m5udub60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-250374-y84dufy4 author: Le'on, Ugo Avila-Ponce de title: A data driven analysis and forecast of an SEIARD epidemic model for COVID-19 in Mexico date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-246958-in0m5jnk author: Dharawat, Arkin title: Drink bleach or do what now? Covid-HeRA: A dataset for risk-informed health decision making in the presence of COVID19 misinformation date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252328-ov4r3ple author: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252015-9oiwcn8q author: Niu, Alex title: COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251961-g0n85kxz author: Li, Guoming title: Safety and efficacy of Artemisinin-Piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomized, and controlled trial date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-213187-f1ic63o5 author: Rahman, Akond title: An Exploratory Characterization of Bugs in COVID-19 Software Projects date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-238444-v9gfh3m1 author: Maghdid, Halgurd S. title: A Smartphone enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249477-ux15lv31 author: Darius, Philipp title: How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: 'Highjacking' Hashtags in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252273-mykwzlsu author: Politis, Constantina title: Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252050-e71b15vg author: Wu, Jie title: Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-247879-jdkikd29 author: Kayode, John Stephen title: The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt cache: ./cache/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-229942-vofuo2g1 author: Omae, Yuto title: Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-239315-dk2lwsrx author: Magklaras, Georgios title: A review of information security aspects of the emerging COVID-19 contact tracing mobile phone applications date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251959-3j4bqub4 author: Jozaghi, Ehsan title: COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249256-bd9j1din author: Cho, Jungwoo title: Running the COVID-19 marathon: the behavioral adaptations in mobility and facemask over 27 weeks of pandemic in Seoul, South Korea date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-247554-535cpe5x author: Moustakas, Aristides title: Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-235691-en6fgilb author: Althouse, Benjamin M. title: Stochasticity and heterogeneity in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249065-6yt3uqyy author: Kassani, Sara Hosseinzadeh title: Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in X-ray and CT Images: A Machine Learning-Based Approach date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv author: Mongia, Aanchal title: A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252374-obl6pfpf author: Zaninotto, Martina title: Cardiac troponin I in SARS-CoV-2-patients: the additional prognostic value of serial monitoring date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252013-ehyuflg3 author: Bozzani, Antonio title: ACUTE ARTERIAL AND DEEP VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-247059-uez654q2 author: Alom, Md Zahangir title: COVID_MTNet: COVID-19 Detection with Multi-Task Deep Learning Approaches date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-247059-uez654q2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252306-68eogdyc author: Adler, Hugh title: Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252149-0n58lec6 author: Wang, Jiancong title: To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252703-00ks1j0x author: Keddy, Karen H title: Developing health policies in patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2: consider tuberculosis date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252616-aobuhwbi author: Dalla Costa, Gloria title: Real-time assessment of COVID-19 prevalence among multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter European study date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252513-zwdy1h7j author: Kiely, Daniel J. title: Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-235946-6vu34vce author: Beskow, David M. title: Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-225347-lnzz2chk author: Chakraborty, Tanujit title: Nowcasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases: Foundations, trends, and challenges date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252557-f89m6xv5 author: Ong, John title: Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252284-cgdcsazr author: Zeng, Jia-Hui title: First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252416-d244rl65 author: Gomes, Bruno de Araujo title: In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252416-d244rl65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252745-qhhziz0u author: Gheysarzadeh, Ali title: Report of four pregnant women getting COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran: Case Series date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252251-ji45igni author: Yannouchos, T. title: Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252251-ji45igni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252279-0gozdv43 author: Pal, Amit title: Hydroxychloroquine and Covid-19: A Cellular and Molecular Biology Based Update date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252400-fdi132vi author: Qiu, Liru title: A Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252423-ojmt4k2w author: Qu, Bing title: Monologue of a physician who tested persistently positive for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252721-vy6tfer4 author: Purnama, T. B. title: How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb author: Maulik, Pallab K. title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252726-t5tcp6di author: Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title: COVID‐19 and Clinical Pharmacy Worldwide ‐ A Wake Up Call and a Call to Action date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-222664-4qyrtzhu author: Coban, Mathew title: Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251581-8ubyveyt author: Szymkowiak, Andrzej title: In-store epidemic behavior: scale development and validation date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-237140-ybfifsid author: Wang, Ding title: Impact of COVID-19 Behavioral Inertia on Reopening Strategies for New York City Transit date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt cache: ./cache/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252434-7g69amr1 author: Lu, Xiao title: Therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula on severe COVID-19 patients in a makeshift intensive-care unit: A case report date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252775-faxiem2w author: Tamagnini, Gabriele title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the novel coronavirus: Why we should think to a new normal date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-234254-svjajpp4 author: Kohler, J. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252800-cz4mb3wx author: Smith, Timothy L. title: COVID‐19 – Looking beyond the immediate concerns date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252343-a85wz2hs author: Skoda, Eva-Maria title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252799-p2ulrnsi author: Ying-Ying Wong, Ashley title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252783-iw3hgkpj author: Risch, Harvey A title: Response to: Comment on “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis” date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251934-qi2c704c author: Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers Are Not Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization: Study of 1,439 UK Biobank Cases date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252661-wa0hdg1u author: Pennington, Zach title: Letter: Changes to neurosurgery resident education following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252531-i3b647wv author: Song, Zaiwei title: Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252506-8u9oiqoc author: Scarfò, Lydia title: COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-241146-j0qperwz author: Lallie, Harjinder Singh title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252699-0xw9xvox author: de Marcaida, Joy Antonelle title: Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Patients at a Movement Disorders Center date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252694-36ijqwge author: Heidinger, Benedikt H. title: Radiologische Manifestationen von Lungenerkrankungen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252930-yfxst8bo author: Silingardi, Roberto title: Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-208179-9pwjnrgl author: Farrell, Tracie title: Vindication, Virtue and Vitriol: A study of online engagement and abuse toward British MPs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252818-1gms4zw3 author: Bouayed, Jaouad title: Behavioural manipulation ‐ key to the successful global spread of the new Coronavirus SARS‐Cov‐2? date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252389-xrdbmosj author: Kumar, Mukesh title: Neurological manifestations and comorbidity associated with COVID-19: an overview date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author: Loeffler-Wirth, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253196-et1ekgdl author: Yazdany, Jinoos title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-223560-ppu6idl2 author: Russo, Daniel title: Predictors of Well-being and Productivity among Software Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic -- A Longitudinal Study date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252727-9v2zr75m author: Henry, Brandon Michael title: Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251962-xeue441p author: Armour, Cherie title: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251962-xeue441p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252933-bu4oihem author: Xu, Jieqing Jessica title: Renal Infarct in a COVID‐19 Positive Kidney‐Pancreas Transplant Recipient date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252664-h02qy4z0 author: Kontis, V. title: Age- and sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252843-vd81pftu author: Doherty, Tanya title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252914-51wvis1d author: Gaffney, Brian title: The impact of COVID-19 on clinical education of internal medicine trainees date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252833-0lb60y12 author: Rusch, Valerie W. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author: Ciotti, Marco title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252714-idlyl4ga author: Islam, M. Saiful title: Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253214-ypt2s8ek author: Choudhary, Bharat title: Management Concern for Non-COVID Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx author: Du, Fenghe title: COVID-19: the role of excessive cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation in promoting hypercoagulable state associated with severe illness date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253285-kskuz1ug author: Hage, René title: 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252998-8ynk9k8r author: Getaneh, Y. title: Global lessons and Potential strategies in combating COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia:Systematic Review date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253250-zet48zcl author: Thaden, J.T. title: When two for the price of one isn’t a bargain: Estimating prevalence and microbiology of bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252784-wfsq0u9o author: Favot, Mark title: Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Detecting Severe Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253367-n6c07x9q author: Ussai, Silvia title: Hazard Prevention, Death and Dignity During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253170-mjy4culg author: Parra-Lara, Luis Gabriel title: Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252795-x66zqmgv author: Islam, Md. Akhtarul title: Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253162-lebgynsz author: Chang, Tsai-Yu title: Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252991-gvlyn6j7 author: Silva, V. O. title: PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 IN PROFESSIONALS OF A PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY AT SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253312-bf35afpj author: Unal, Gokhan title: Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253079-aohqinlo author: Cannizzaro, Renato title: Covid-19 and cancer patients: Choosing wisely is the key date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253393-3y5bb8f0 author: Clarke, Mattea title: Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253201-r6vsa0pw author: Nazari, S. title: Central Nervous System Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253124-s3pa4n8a author: Dhamad, Ahmed E. title: COVID-19: molecular and serological detection methods date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253552-qreg4emx author: Bouaziz, JD title: Vascular skin symptoms in COVID‐19: a french observational study date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253264-vt2rei7e author: Hahad, Omar title: Bevölkerungsbezogene psychische Gesundheit als Schlüsselfaktor im Umgang mit COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253392-cws6uj3c author: Wang, Yali title: The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253572-9qixiew8 author: Bennett, David title: Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner for the evaluation of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253777-h8wy0coq author: Afshar, Hale title: Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical – Paraclinical follow up study of a case date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253208-wknht58z author: Wang, Xue title: Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253208-wknht58z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253410-rdmopd4t author: Gorzkowski, Victor title: Evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253054-qipyqtsi author: Kokkoris, Michail D. title: Would You Sacrifice Your Privacy to Protect Public Health? Prosocial Responsibility in a Pandemic Paves the Way for Digital Surveillance date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252870-52fjx7s4 author: Xie, Kefan title: The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252771-6kwfulqe author: Yue, Jing-Li title: Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253730-cdkzvfib author: Suzuki, Emily title: Assessment of the Need for Early Initiation of Rehabilitation Treatments in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253238-ptmxkpae author: Kopel, Jonathan title: Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253735-0wi67tuw author: Niu, Shengmei title: Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252687-7084pfqm author: Szelenberger, Rafal title: Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253704-y0t30xw3 author: Lahiri, Durjoy title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253343-3dmuxts5 author: Zhang, Ruochi title: COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253256-909chgl0 author: Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title: Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253256-909chgl0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253898-ajo60spn author: Chirico, Francesco title: “Questionable” peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253746-15w4gquq author: Goldman, Michel title: Reflections on the Collaborative Fight Against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253104-yggcf7q2 author: Usul, Eren title: The role of hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients in the emergency room date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253918-8g3erth8 author: Ienca, Marcello title: On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252903-pg0l92zb author: Abueg, M. title: Modeling the combined effect of digital exposure notification and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington state date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253736-cd4qnp2m author: Modenese, Alberto title: Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254083-ea94wn3f author: Fowler, Alexander J. title: COVID-19 Phenotypes and Potential Harm of Conventional Treatments: How to Prove the Hypothesis date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253431-fjds5cdr author: Erukainure, Ochuko L. title: Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae) date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253714-v02fs28k author: Bukhari, Syed Usama Khalid title: The diagnostic evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the assessment of chest X-ray of patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253993-ynrthadj author: Belhassan, Assia title: Assessment of effective imidazole derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 main protease through computational approach date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253609-vi2fb43t author: Gopinathannair, Rakesh title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253908-zgk5d4c1 author: Schrack, Jennifer A title: After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253948-yi57n8nc author: Singh, K. title: Impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-state study in India date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253556-p1y0zeo1 author: Rhodes, Scott D. title: A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US South date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253800-cdyiwru9 author: Eshraghi, Adrien A. title: Potential Mechanisms for COVID-19 Induced Anosmia and Dysgeusia date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253970-sbj869yy author: Agarwal, Amit title: Neurological emergencies associated with COVID-19: stroke and beyond date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252725-e3pazjdi author: Khalil, Ayman title: The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253933-29tedkf8 author: David, Abel P. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252965-30pl5tx3 author: Stutt, Richard O. J. H. title: A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254094-ed1epul1 author: Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos title: Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253618-bosb7e63 author: Ramteke, Shobhana title: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: considerations for the biomedical waste sector in India date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253456-u9num2o9 author: Zhang, Che title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253990-m75xwrz9 author: Wang, Zhiguo title: Covid‐19: From structure to therapeutic targeting in studying approved drugs and local DNA vaccination date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253998-1jegybs9 author: Lara, Pedro C title: Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253833-0lajhqn5 author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system. date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253962-ug7yflxh author: Huang, Dong title: A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254144-8h6cli5d author: Wallis, Lee A. title: African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253853-jocwiafy author: Ahmed, Naseer title: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254256-8jhaxcn1 author: Ressaire, Quentin title: Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254119-w6otllf5 author: Ingraham, Nicholas E title: Immunomodulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254043-1slz1dvr author: Jamil, Tahira title: No Evidence for Temperature-Dependence of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254278-awdqguoo author: Khan, Suliman title: Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253958-8lhzgqfr author: Clark, T. W. title: Diagnostic accuracy of a host response point-of-care test for identifying COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254222-ifsqiibv author: O'Connor, Rory C title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors' reply date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254095-qkkimenx author: Garcés, Leah title: COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture’s vulnerability date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254166-7y58ie8q author: Palazzolo, Claudia title: Legionella pneumonia: increased risk after COVID-19 lockdown? Italy, May to June 2020 date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254269-x8vpnhd2 author: Hakim, Abraham A. title: Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254027-rndu5ake author: Geldsetzer, Pascal title: Using rapid online surveys to assess perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on Covid-19 among the general public in the United States and United Kingdom date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254177-jzdy1aq2 author: Kilaru, Austin S. title: Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid‐19 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author: Alsaied, Tarek title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253910-pmurx4jh author: Miles, David title: “Stay at Home, Protect the National Health Service, Save Lives”: a cost benefit analysis of the lockdown in the United Kingdom date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254025-j1l0mder author: de Melo, Andreia C. title: Cancer inpatients with COVID-19: A report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253665-1dn3ek34 author: Vishnubalaji, Radhakrishnan title: Protein Coding and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcriptional Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Highlight a Role for Interferon and Inflammatory Response date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253345-r4dhmpq1 author: Khan, Muhammad Bilal title: A Systematic Review of Non-Contact Sensing for Developing a Platform to Contain COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253968-jtr0p930 author: López, Verónica title: Recomendaciones en el manejo de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en pacientes con trasplante renal date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254411-e9vvjv8w author: Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad title: The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254421-0lvy15q2 author: Nahshon, Chen title: Author’s Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254124-4p1ah2h3 author: Khan, Asif Iqbal title: CoroNet: A Deep Neural Network for Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254218-2wsf7xix author: Collins, Jemima T. title: The Clinical Frailty Scale: Estimating the Prevalence of Frailty in Older Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. The COPE Study date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254014-jowjkd12 author: Rivillas, J. C. title: Social response to early-stage government control measures of COVID-19 in Colombia: population survey, April 8-20 2020. date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254152-9wt2za3m author: Qiu, Chenghao title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Identifier of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: An International Multicenter Study date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254465-y8n7t8rx author: Soulat-Dufour, Laurie title: Left ventricular ejection fraction: an additional risk marker in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254377-j8e8gb0l author: Ali, Sadaf title: Acute cor pulmonale from saddle pulmonary embolism in a patient with previous Covid-19 – should we prolong prophylactic anticoagulation? date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254449-ww7iq04j author: Naithani, Nardeep title: COVID-19: Shades of Grey date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254287-8q2gdy5n author: Azoulay, Elie title: International variation in the management of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254382-xy8se56o author: Santos, C. title: Comparative Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Versus Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Waitlisted Patients: A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254464-6l7fwylu author: Shingare, Ashay title: COVID‐19 in recent kidney transplant recipients date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254121-soiloa5l author: Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh title: Recording COVID-19 consultations: review of symptoms, risk factors, and proposed SNOMED CT terms date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254621-ub7ynjai author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254631-80sg4uvd author: Llansó, Laura title: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in COVID-19 Disease: a Case-Report date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254228-g2mjj7my author: Felson, Marcus title: Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020 date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254687-g9tptfna author: Nani, Fernando Souza title: Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253648-n13sgorb author: Zhang, C. title: The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254452-gqqdx2r5 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254796-wzb6qv7y author: Ford, James S. title: Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254436-89zf41xr author: Singer, Professor Donald RJ title: Health policy implications of the links between cardiovascular risk and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254162-tu81j66h author: Bai, Xiyuan title: Hypothesis: alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254456-d79z01jh author: Juergens, Carsten title: Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254497-8bhahzys author: Abdelnabi, Mahmoud title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Myocarditis: Insights into Pathophysiology and Management date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254776-m4makxr8 author: Luo, Shiua title: A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254538-vcf44w1k author: Rocha Filho, C. R. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254715-4dt8aqof author: Kander, Thomas title: Coagulation disorder in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254428-n0uwy77g author: Zhao, Wen title: Clinical characteristics and durations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Beijing: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254782-fzuasf2o author: Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254628-706vpjsv author: Stewart, Claire R. title: Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254288-duukt2wh author: Chew, Nicholas W.S. title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254919-fi3inp67 author: Molina, Melanie F. title: Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253693-xdmgvj4p author: Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. title: How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254458-bbcef8xt author: Ali, Farhana title: Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is? date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254419-qw83atrx author: Bhattacharyya, Rajat title: The Interplay Between Coagulation and Inflammation Pathways in COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254727-d1pgjtjh author: Shao, Fei title: In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254740-o80ssdrw author: McCann, Shaun R. title: COVID-19, HCT and wine date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254896-e6k1bp9n author: Posch, Martin title: Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254591-z9rfwm1g author: Vasconcelos, G. L. title: Modelling the epidemic growth of preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255149-mqsk7kiz author: Gupta, Nikhil title: It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253252-s8fm5rfa author: Jayaweera, Mahesh title: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254737-pv68fb7d author: Imtyaz, Ayman title: Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255208-rbko9ecz author: Stevens, Ryan W. title: Time to Treat: Applying Lessons Learned from Other Viral Syndromes to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255367-do9jw51z author: Fan, Qianqian title: Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254686-pclq855r author: Sanmugam, Anand title: Assess, adapt and act: a paediatric surgery division’s initial approach in a rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254686-pclq855r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254967-r7c0pxep author: Lai, Xue-Li title: Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author: Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title: Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255461-i5kw4z5g author: D'Marco, Luis title: Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255047-0kr4y753 author: Goletti, Orlando title: Factors Affecting Mortality in 1022 COVID-19 Patients Referred to an Emergency Department in Bergamo during the Peak of the Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254653-4ffuivil author: Cinelli, Matteo title: The COVID-19 social media infodemic date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254825-c5d0wul9 author: Kim, Sei Won title: Containment of a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea: A single-center experience date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254837-zhxabt66 author: Giorgi, P. D. title: Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254475-rdimnsmo author: Johnson, S. S. title: Excess Risk of COVID-19 to University Populations Resulting from In-Person Sporting Events date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255389-2fufd0ba author: Razonable, Raymund R. title: Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author: Mayer, Kirby P. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254469-7q6xi2xx author: Wang, Fuzhou title: An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255173-69t521o3 author: Papa, Annalisa title: Not all that glitters is COVID! Differential diagnosis of FDG-avid interstitial lung disease in low-prevalence regions date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255173-69t521o3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254944-9f3wkvxp author: Pollak, Y. title: Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255525-7w5u789h author: de Sales, Anderson Ribeiro title: The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254817-e1niin4m author: Solomon, Daniel H. title: The “Infodemic” of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255294-x0ezeaz6 author: Cilia, Roberto title: Effects of COVID‐19 on Parkinson's disease clinical features: a community‐based case‐control study date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255221-v4r2ek6a author: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italy: Analysis of Risk Factors and Proposed Remedial Measures date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254446-yxqbe1dj author: Ren, Yunzhao R. title: A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255247-9mvbcyjg author: Nelson, Caleb P. title: Timing and outcomes of testicular torsion during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255365-fog62qdu author: Goldstein, Neal D. title: On the importance of early testing even when imperfect in a pandemic such as COVID-19 date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254667-yafcy8ul author: Sisto, Antonella title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients included in a bariatric surgery program date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255513-h8v6hba4 author: Atar, Shaul title: An Invited Commentary on “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review” date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255364-slvcfj80 author: Tuty Kuswardhani, R.A. title: Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255435-mr239gai author: Sher, Yelizaveta title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255435-mr239gai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255492-50vo8bnc author: Thureau, Sébastien title: Adapting palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases during the Covid-19 pandemic: GEMO position paper date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254494-wbfgrez1 author: Shi, Chunhong title: Barriers to Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes During COVID-19 Medical Isolation: A Qualitative Study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254993-bndl93qr author: Sonnweber, Thomas title: Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients’ performance: a prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255457-jlbg8jdv author: Li, Jiawei title: Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255103-ckecol7i author: Lau, Hien title: Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255204-3qruat3s author: Osborne, Vicki title: Lopinavir-Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Dynamic Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253862-jl1zhg13 author: Khalaf, Khalil title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254809-o454k6ae author: He, Bing title: The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255695-10stetqg author: Riad, Abanoub title: Oral Candidiasis in Non‐Severe COVID‐19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255695-10stetqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255604-hnbzidf3 author: Liu, Liping title: Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255381-mnmliv4e author: Peng, Min title: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255625-4r6ng57a author: Graffigna, Guendalina title: “Cultivating” acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination program: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255817-asdjlq07 author: Ozaras, Resat title: An open call for influenza vaccination pending the new wave of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255473-kizyv6mp author: Ferrari, D. title: Machine learning in predicting respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia - challenges, strengths, and opportunities in a global health emergency date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255466-g3b283ym author: Bhagra, Ojas title: An Integrated and Intergenerational Community Response to Promote Holistic Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254771-698gl09v author: Ferriss, J. Stuart title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254771-698gl09v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254777-h8hw4m9f author: Tanner, Tamara title: Hyperinflammation and the utility of immunomodulatory medications in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255586-wshvvgxg author: He, Shengyang title: Clinical characteristics of “re-positive” discharged COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255474-7fq9culd author: Alifano, Marco title: Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255669-gpc5k7lf author: de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel title: Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255694-cdpsy36f author: Dobler, Claudia C. title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c author: Islam, A.K.M. Najmul title: Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255867-moriv0va author: Sheth, Parth D. title: Development of a Surgical Workforce Access Team (SWAT) in the Battle Against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255867-moriv0va.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255752-ofph98ac author: Chegondi, Madhuradhar title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Associated With Febrile Status Epilepticus in a Child date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256157-jbidxfk0 author: Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A. title: Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255719-vhjmkrlb author: Manghat, Nathan E. title: Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient - An Unrecognised Complication date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255665-srvz2ay0 author: Ferrari, Marco title: COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255119-l82o5fif author: Passerini, Giorgio title: A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255405-o8ilxqo1 author: Sharma, V. K. title: Modelling of Covid-19 cases in India using Regression and Time Series models date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255476-p0gyyl3c author: Hsu, Albert L. title: Placental SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID‐19 Disease date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255326-ito3q8da author: YOUMNI, A. title: Exploring Causal relationship between risk factors and vulnerability to COVID-19Cases of Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Portugal, Morocco and South Africa date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255908-gcttlpxm author: Kiprov, Dobri title: Immunomodulation for the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256121-9bl1ztuc author: Reid, Michael J A title: Building a tuberculosis-free world while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255899-ehcod7c4 author: Urano, Akira title: Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9 author: Moscadelli, Andrea title: Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255940-chb4iuis author: Walton, David A. title: Facility-Level Approaches for COVID-19 When Caseload Surpasses Surge Capacity date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256218-xv7aw4xn author: Vargas, Maria title: Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255600-2xs29l81 author: Nazroo, J. title: Evidence for ethnic inequalities in mortality related to COVID-19 infections: Findings from an ecological analysis of England and Wales date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256091-mrc9p1vw author: Jenkins, Wiley D. title: COVID‐19 During the Opioid Epidemic – Exacerbation of Stigma and Vulnerabilities date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256159-7x45wd45 author: McFee, R.B. title: INTRODUCTION - EMERGING PATHOGESN AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256135-v75qvb1i author: Persoon, Ilona F. title: A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg author: Safdar, Muhammad title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256092-bph9ys72 author: Hussain, Aneela N. title: Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients - a double-edged sword? date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255941-uc6z0vuu author: Desai, Mauli title: “The Importance of Considering Olfactory Dysfunction During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in Clinical Practice” date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256132-ufs9kw3o author: AlAteeq, Deemah A. title: Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254758-ubw0chrf author: Newbold, Stephen C. title: Effects of Physical Distancing to Control COVID-19 on Public Health, the Economy, and the Environment date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255101-l5ssz750 author: Daval, Mary title: Efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255603-quuju9h4 author: Kumar, Aishwarya title: A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author: McDonnell, Sarah title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256351-q8lkhklw author: Di Giorgio, Angelo title: Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255883-mz6nyisw author: Asif, Muhammad title: COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253077-61fmul8c author: Vabret, Nicolas title: Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256011-0cr4ejxu author: de Castro-Hamoy, Leniza title: Age Matters but it should not be Used to Discriminate Against the Elderly in Allocating Scarce Resources in the Context of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256309-hbdrobn1 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Statins in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256443-kejqbo1q author: Forbes, Nauzer title: Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author: Sirimaturos, Michael title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256226-hzgvioq6 author: Sehgal, Vishal title: Sex, Sleep, Steroids, and Lifestyle: Unraveling the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Conundrum date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256264-9pyn0l6w author: Halimi, Vesa title: Current regulatory approaches for accessing potential COVID-19 therapies date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256565-59bnifxm author: Lebwohl, Mark title: Reply to: “COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution” date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255495-xnoppq3y author: Elrashdy, Fatma title: On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256166-4pvk3fqn author: Indini, Alice title: Reorganization of Medical Oncology Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Nationwide Italian Survey date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256195-1hmzgwrw author: Izzy, Saef title: Characteristics and outcomes of Latinx patients with COVID-19 in comparison to other ethnic and racial groups date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256723-2eab6g7i author: Chen, Taige title: Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256357-dlc8yb6j author: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during the Coronavirus Crisis – important updates for the cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia community date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256260-9jatvium author: Han, Yuanyuan title: COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256260-9jatvium.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256262-lwc4ghj2 author: Gangneux, Jean-Pierre title: Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255572-tbrdis86 author: Norton, Alice title: Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256227-nl90gljl author: Dzobo, Mathias title: COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255631-516epnjw author: Syeda, H. B. title: The Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle COVID-19 Crisis: A Systematic Review. date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255631-516epnjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256553-iw5squ6n author: Neiva, Mariane Barros title: Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256482-xcoignha author: Kelley, Maureen title: An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256482-xcoignha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256255-wqpndl46 author: Wang, Lang title: Prolonged prothrombin time at admission predicts poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256665-p9vbeffv author: Kenyon, Chris title: The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256689-k7to2amn author: Lombardo, Eduardo title: Publication of COVID‐19 case reports: are we hurrying? date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256008-lwki1rzc author: Sekeroglu, Boran title: Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255909-m94j1rh4 author: Shree, Priya title: Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author: Almazrou, Saja H. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256458-3fyul3k2 author: Kolikonda, Murali Krishnan title: Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Stroke: A Rising Concern date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256500-nlavfnpt author: Zhang, Dan title: COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256736-ep9aqpfs author: Fathi, Nazanin title: Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256326-3ebcuzd6 author: Liotta, Giuseppe title: Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O'Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256233-k9hdq3z8 author: Lipsky, Martin S. title: Men and COVID-19: A Pathophysiologic Review date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256878-3e2fcx9k author: Moadel, Renee M. title: Remaining Academically Connected While Socially Distant: Leveraging Technology to Support Dispersed Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Training Programs in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256676-b7p92sb1 author: Syed, Faiza title: Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255440-ls1l2mlg author: Tindle, Courtney title: Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256786-7gca01lr author: Bartilotti‐Matos, F title: Pearls and Pitfalls: two contrasting HIV diagnoses in the COVID‐19 era and the case for screening date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256705-gexh2wtd author: Prescott, K. title: COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England? date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256719-njrjepor author: Balsari, Satchit title: COVID-19 care in India: the course to self-reliance date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256719-njrjepor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256020-wrui3i2l author: Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun title: Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256223-g7gw02pf author: Dang, Anh Kim title: Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256332-ha7tx1fo author: Gopal, Jeevan Prakash title: COVID-19 pandemic: Building organisational flexibility to scale transplant programs date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256743-v8vegody author: Papes, Dino title: Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256743-v8vegody.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256596-ejuyfto6 author: Field, Robert I. title: Genetics and COVID-19: How to Protect the Susceptible date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256975-ma9abdj8 author: Motterle, Giovanni title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257160-40tdt7y3 author: Gupta, Rohit title: Letter to the editor in response to COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256717-bnzbhetc author: Paton, Calum title: Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256891-as6tbfrh author: Rubin, Samuel J. S. title: Clinical characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity in California date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257273-itefsyv4 author: Jefsen, O. H. title: COVID‐19‐related self‐harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256862-038rrdtp author: Oland, Gabriel title: Prospective Clinical Validation of 3D Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257312-z6rmd0sg author: Dörr, Rolf title: Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256795-j66tcamq author: Wang, Jin title: The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256385-g1wcfrfi author: Badraoui, Riadh title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257076-uh98ilhr author: Lionis, Christos title: Challenges, priorities and tasks for the generalists at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256556-1zea3wa1 author: Lou, Yan title: Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257161-lx3ar43e author: Yang, Xu title: Learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257214-cje7sey1 author: Pranata, Raymond title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257099-8k28vkgf author: Fan, Jingchun title: The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256051-87alqfkd author: Revzin, Margarita V. title: Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19, Part 1: Viral Pathogenesis and Pulmonary and Vascular System Complications date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257357-u1npw7tw author: Lagunas‐Rangel, Francisco Alejandro title: Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A meta‐analysis date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256634-gg8hptfg author: Rhodes, N. J. title: Multicenter point-prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257003-749zpxuy author: Onchonga, David title: Assessing the Prevalence of Self-Medication among Healthcare Workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257191-u5xnmsv8 author: Farshi, Esmaeil title: Investigation of immune cells on elimination of pulmonary‐Infected COVID‐19 and important role of innate immunity, phagocytes date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256864-v3mxcwru author: Tang, Yueting title: Selection of an Optimal Combination Panel to Better Triage COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257468-woyycghi author: Basso, Trude title: Transmission of infection from non-isolated patients with COVID-19 to health care workers date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257468-woyycghi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256542-v8cyfo66 author: Heffner, Joseph title: Emotional responses to prosocial messages increase willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2021-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257142-q79yy6o5 author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID‐19 disease severity date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256888-tdx12ccj author: Bradley, Benjamin T title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257263-906epvo1 author: Martellucci, Cecilia Acuti title: Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257263-906epvo1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257268-6a6nc2k7 author: Kennelly, S. P. title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257806-jcc7ljcm author: Yao, Jasper Seth title: Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256696-leqakx22 author: Sherratt, K. title: Evaluating the use of the reproduction number as an epidemiological tool, using spatio-temporal trends of the Covid-19 outbreak in England date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256696-leqakx22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257309-sazs5wgh author: Ho, Hsi-en title: Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256752-x7h4tix2 author: Yu, Hua title: Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author: Lee, James S. title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257258-hu9oxea1 author: Chabner, Bruce A. title: Taking the Longer View of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257102-5i0zxhs1 author: Abraham, Leola A. title: How COVID-19’s Disruption of the U.S. Correctional System Provides an Opportunity for Decarceration date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256893-3sh87h2x author: Yang, Li title: COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257158-obskf44d author: Assefa, K. T. title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257158-obskf44d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257274-fzyamd7v author: Peiro-Garcia, Alejandro title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: a preliminary report date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256568-mbkrg98v author: Jantzen, R. title: Epidemiological and socio-economic characteristics of the COVID-19 spring outbreak in Quebec, Canada: A population-based study date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257867-3j6o1nko author: Romano, Nicola title: Pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257611-z0sng9sx author: Kalantari, Hamidreza title: Determination of COVID-19 prevalence with regards to age range of patients referring to the hospitals located in western Tehran, Iran date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257889-zcxn5cx0 author: Aledo‐Serrano, Ángel title: Genetic epilepsies and COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from the caregiver perspective date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257884-5exwwxin author: Kumar, Rajesh title: Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257729-s0vo7dlk author: Bauer, Melissa title: Obstetric Anesthesia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257933-qpf1tiod author: Liu, Chao title: The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256688-yy7abob9 author: Chavez, Summer title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257556-lmws8eed author: Rafiq, Danish title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257056-0z3qiz6p author: Kivuti-Bitok, L. W. title: System Dynamics Model of Possible Covid-19 Trajectories Under Various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options in Low Resource Setting. date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257613-o0q7hvn3 author: Shafiee, Abbas title: Coronavirus disease 2019: A tissue engineering and regenerative medicine perspective date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257344-d13at1y5 author: Ghasemiyeh, Parisa title: COVID-19 Outbreak: Challenges in Pharmacotherapy Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Drug Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Infection date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257707-brrrg4fr author: Jayasighe, Ravindri title: Quality of online information for the general public on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258012-wzwowl4l author: Zhaori, Getu title: Smoke evacuation, is it important for prevention of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257374-8js7f9a3 author: Watson, A. title: COVID-19 in Youth Soccer date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author: Azzi, Lorenzo title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257408-ejhhk1iu author: Goss, Matthew B. title: The Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Experience with COVID‐19: An Initial Multi‐Center, Multi‐Organ Case Series date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257746-pqom76hk author: Franic, Tomislav title: Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health – Croatian (in)experience date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257814-h7n4nw4w author: Holm, Are M. title: Ethical Considerations regarding Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force Statement date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author: Flythe, Jennifer E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257555-tmuvbq1k author: Munsch, N. title: A benchmark of online COVID-19 symptom checkers date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257944-a59ph9c5 author: Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto title: COVID-19 findings identified in chest computed tomography: a pictorial essay date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255884-0qqg10y4 author: Chiroma, H. title: Early survey with bibliometric analysis on machine learning approaches in controlling coronavirus date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257447-lwz5k0r8 author: Whitehead, Brenda R title: COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257824-qz6yxuph author: Fuertes, Víctor title: Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256961-935r7w01 author: Lu, S. title: Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoids to Treat COVID-19: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256961-935r7w01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256508-ce59ovan author: Asselah, Tarik title: COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258019-njky7v5x author: Kinaret, Pia A.S. title: Covid-19 acute responses and possible long term consequences: What nanotoxicology can teach us date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258078-k7y8k1vx author: Jang, Sukbin title: Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258109-19zqd907 author: Pasarikovski, Christopher R. title: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258109-19zqd907.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257718-72b0edg6 author: Romanelli, John title: The COVID-19 reset: lessons from the pandemic on Burnout and the Practice of Surgery date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258122-hkm9agqg author: Thorlund, Kristian title: A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257144-3q0un5rl author: Giri, Allan title: Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257939-tgpsd3r7 author: Haider, Maryam B. title: A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257429-k1rgljmu author: Daga, S. title: Employing a Systematic Approach to Biobanking and Analyzing Genetic and Clinical Data for Advancing COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257781-ybpliz32 author: Jones, Eben title: Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumothorax in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258011-19yfwvki author: Deprest, Jan title: SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable? date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author: Ghisolfi, Selene title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258072-6d5ieakl author: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title: Lockdown of 1.3 Billion People In India During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey Of Its Impact On Mental Health date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257566-56h2jmn9 author: Zamboni, Paolo title: COVID-19 as a Vascular Disease: Lesson Learned from Imaging and Blood Biomarkers date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257603-ov0b8yub author: Azlan, Arina Anis title: Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257839-kfzc4pwq author: Ferguson, Katie title: COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257995-kgmsecg3 author: Vilallonga, Ramon title: Reply To The Article “Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.” by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. et al. Published in Obesity Surgery date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258337-3wua0iij author: Gale, Robert Peter title: A Haematologist's Guide to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Encyclopaedia or Doorstop? date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258137-np62exds author: Sharma, Surbhi title: Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental health date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258137-np62exds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258137-np62exds.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258137-np62exds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257789-pdybfft6 author: Diamond, Betty title: SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author: Moolasart, Visal title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258135-9i024s08 author: Konala, Venu Madhav title: Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258135-9i024s08.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258150-ezatw341 author: Vilakati, Phesheya Ndumiso title: The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258150-ezatw341.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258381-h0ddqs53 author: Chhabra, Saurabh title: Diagnostic considerations for COVID-19 in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257751-n7w1psr4 author: Halperin, Daniel T. title: Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258133-zsweppku author: Fischer, M. title: COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis – a case report date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258133-zsweppku.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258084-nkr3lrov author: Juthani, Prerak title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Manifestation as Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young, Healthy Male date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258195-6172d95c author: Souadka, Amine title: Oncological Surgery During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: The Need for Deep and Lasting Measures date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258195-6172d95c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258315-yt1ytasw author: Kato, Hideaki title: Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258126-8ityzjjh author: Mamun, Mohammed A. title: COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258125-2kkqqgop author: Wagner, Peter title: Knowing How to Act Well in Time date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258092-a4e59c7z author: Pfeuffer, Steffen title: Autoimmunity complicating SARS-CoV-2 infection in selective IgA-deficiency date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258344-55n3wwle author: Khalafallah, Adham M. title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience” date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258018-29vtxz89 author: Cooper, Ian title: A SIR model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in different communities date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257870-b52k75m4 author: Chen, Qianqian title: Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A Potential Biomarker to Evaluate the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257600-0plhquk9 author: Calles, Antonio title: Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in Madrid date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257958-yehnlabq author: Barh, Debmalya title: Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257969-2tax8ajw author: Bhopal, Raj S. title: COVID-19 zugzwang: potential public health moves towards population (herd) immunity date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258662-6y45gb0t author: Butt, Nausharwan title: Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258067-par61wwh author: Di Martino, Marcello title: Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258067-par61wwh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258118-j26v354r author: Karuppal, Raju title: It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258118-j26v354r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258304-86gqxajw author: Bahl, Prateek title: Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author: Ganguly, Shuvadeep title: Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258581-46p0k9lc author: Bodak, Nathalie title: COVID‐19 Lockdown induced acral dermatosis in children date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258230-s4ty52kb author: Grover, Abhinav title: A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258416-1jrbu8ox author: Drenovska, Kossara title: Covid‐19 pandemic and the skin date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258278-25rhf91v author: Mowla, Ashkan title: Unusual Pattern of Arterial Macrothrombosis Causing Stroke in a Young Adult Recovered from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258145-usr7b6dk author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258670-dphg8ukj author: Karaahmet, Fatih title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258235-khdyxiwe author: Chakraborty, Tanujit title: Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258395-m9ws5rmv author: Johnson, Joshua K title: Frequency of Physical Therapist Intervention Is Associated With Mobility Status and Disposition at Hospital Discharge for Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258676-6kgxpcwc author: Haleem, Abid title: Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257766-z7vcdtcq author: Varadhachary, Atul title: Salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA as an accessible biomarker of mucosal immunity against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258562-raubqnko author: Murlimanju, Bukkambudhi V. title: Letter to Editor Regarding: “Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt” date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258562-raubqnko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258579-68suyath author: Villar, Sergio Ciria title: Sintomatología psicótica en relación con cuarentena por COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258579-68suyath.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258579-68suyath.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258579-68suyath.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258505-4ec9n4d0 author: Titov, Nickolai title: Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258242-xblxjlb5 author: Liu, Tengwen title: Systems Pharmacology and Verification of ShenFuHuang Formula in Zebrafish Model Reveal Multi-Scale Treatment Strategy for Septic Syndrome in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258583-5qdthy0j author: Yan, He title: Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258855-2i51eyfq author: Korman, Tony M title: Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258170-kyztc1jp author: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title: Towards the sustainable development of smart cities through mass video surveillance: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258757-vwfey8of author: Torres‐Navarro, I. title: Comment on ‘Two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East’: pernio unrelated to COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258760-65dw8d5h author: Barr, Justin title: Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author: Wenling, Yao title: Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258535-2m369sm5 author: Radbel, Jared title: Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258484-jwgtjisx author: Mehrabi, Sara title: Pitfalls of Computed Tomography in the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Era: A New Perspective on Ground-Glass Opacities date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258128-qtmjgrml author: Mirjalili, Mahtabalsadat title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Transplantation: Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Immunosuppression Regimen date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258669-ubw6mdzi author: Colebunders, Robert title: A call for strengthened evidence on targeted, non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 for the protection of vulnerable individuals in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258832-0kyf7ikr author: Bullis, Sean S.M. title: A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258602-dnzqiq8k author: Cortegiani, A. title: Rationale and Evidence on the use of Tocilizumab in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258895-bfosmipc author: Jalaber, Carole title: Role of upfront CT pulmonary angiography at admission in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258817-9xzjlegx author: Zhang, Stephen X. title: At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258675-nh1zu0yu author: Quesada, J. A. title: Período de incubación de la COVID-19: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258402-9s57thvn author: Dabas, Vineet title: Management of Orthopaedic Accidental Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in Preparing to Live with Corona date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258841-n55qp6ov author: Baena-Díez, Jose Miguel title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258767-f6wrgn6z author: El-Khatib, Ziad title: The Association between Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and COVID-19 Mortality Globally date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258865-sxz39swi author: Rabbani, H. title: Modelling COVID-19 using the Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258859-iaiosjlu author: Wang, Jiao title: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258976-w2up63o9 author: Steinberg, Eric title: In Young Adults with COVID-19, Obesity Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258701-jyzxu9nk author: Kaushal, Darwin title: Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngology During Corona Outbreak: A Proposal for Safe Practice date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259106-nrg1960d author: Vasquez-Chavesta, Angie Z. title: COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258548-1u7v1nlr author: Mansueto, Gelsomina title: Can COVID 2019 disease induces a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases? date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258172-p54j4zzo author: Barker, Harlan title: Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258846-v6aaflzc author: Shruti, V.C. title: Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258576-ywbyflas author: Bösmüller, Hans title: The evolution of pulmonary pathology in fatal COVID-19 disease: an autopsy study with clinical correlation date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259140-5ik10en4 author: Bianchetti, Angelo title: Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258698-ggzvhamk author: Hong, Daqing title: Kidney manifestations of mild, moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259073-dixskemz author: Ward, Christine F. title: Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259073-dixskemz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259014-kl31nvdm author: Binyamin, Y. title: Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258879-dueab356 author: Imran, Nazish title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258879-dueab356.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258879-dueab356.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258879-dueab356.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258877-6hy37qxa author: Dolgikh, S. title: Covid-19 vs BCG Universal Immunization: Statistical Significance at Six Months of Exposure date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author: Galea, Sandro title: Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259257-yw3k8kr4 author: Logar, Silvia title: Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258888-amimzjee author: Ananth, Lakshmi title: Management of ENT Surgical Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown: Our Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258888-amimzjee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258708-da6x5rxa author: Hafiane, Anouar title: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258891-iogn24iu author: Cabona, Corrado title: Epilepsy course during COVID-19 pandemic in three Italian epilepsy centers date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259052-m2mg4lf4 author: Zhang, Lina title: In Reply date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258722-1o6zhnnj author: Gbinigie, Kome title: Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258500-zuuwqw9t author: Desroches, Melissa L. title: Impact of COVID-19: Nursing challenges to meeting the care needs of people with developmental disabilities date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259033-op94wuy4 author: Wendling, Daniel title: Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259327-6hessuhh author: Agius, Raymond title: Disease and death from work: RIDDOR and covid-19 date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258229-l716wjwn author: Fiorillo, Andrea title: Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258991-mrs5j2ep author: Huang, Yeen title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258844-b4d79m1f author: Denning, M. title: DETERMINANTS OF BURNOUT AND OTHER ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259181-g47n97tc author: Khan, Zahid Hussain title: Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258916-jbdz1pk0 author: Andreae, MH title: Data and Debriefing Observations on Healthcare Simulation to Prepare for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Simulation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259077-ls4h8ht5 author: Dehghani, Payam title: North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications() date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259129-4dio8us0 author: Zhang, S. X. title: Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259267-trpo5w11 author: Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence among personnel in the healthcare facilities of Croatia, 2020 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258221-pn8gh73b author: Rocha, José Lucas Martins title: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258577-uo55dj39 author: Crockett, Jennifer L. title: Rapid Conversion from Clinic to Telehealth Behavioral Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258965-g47n531n author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258965-g47n531n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259178-2opfkm7l author: Gao, Ya title: Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259281-4w1tyqw9 author: Shah, Vishank Arun title: Acute Encephalopathy Is Associated With Worse Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259269-hjmmn8xm author: Nattel, Stanley title: A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258725-z79gel8h author: Wood, R. title: Sharing a household with children and risk of COVID-19: a study of over 300,000 adults living in healthcare worker households in Scotland date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258905-0hgdtalg author: Bond, Katherine title: Evaluation of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Serology Testing in a Low-Prevalence Setting date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259288-eahhf7yh author: Lee, Elaine Y P title: COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us? date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258885-ev2pvr3s author: Werth, Annette title: Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259244-svoakvic author: Soler, Zachary M. title: A primer on viral‐associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259244-svoakvic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259358-p6ov2r6g author: Horii, Toshihiro title: Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259562-e1htl489 author: Petzold, Moritz Bruno title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259562-e1htl489.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259481-og7n82fl author: Zhang, Hai-tao title: Automated detection and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia: CT imaging analysis by a deep learning-based software date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258399-difauneh author: Rahmani, Amir Masoud title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258399-difauneh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258399-difauneh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258399-difauneh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259311-ccx61owl author: Kapitula, D. S. title: Performance & Quality Evaluation of Marketed COVID-19 RNA Detection Kits date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259540-e7xt6pck author: Wang, Guan title: Description of COVID‐19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259523-92hz534s author: Pullen, Lara C. title: COVID‐19: transplant works toward adaptation date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259523-92hz534s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258873-l9oxmqdp author: Baker, D. title: COVID‐19 vaccine‐readiness for anti‐CD20‐depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259331-hi6gyp52 author: Malhotra, Ajay title: COVID-19 Initial Impact on Radiology Practices: Survey from ACR/RBMA date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259306-3ldoo5ly author: Gillespie, Megan title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Complicated by Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259250-ybfyiykz author: Korem, Sindhuja title: Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258624-041cf99j author: Ahmad, Sajjad title: Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258624-041cf99j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259338-q3kw6n9o author: Jean, Sim Xiang Ying title: Utilizing the Electronic Health Records to Create a Syndromic Staff Surveillance System During the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259619-sco0d5cc author: Ludvigsson, Johnny title: Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259271-4zj60pu8 author: Moutray, Chad title: In recovery mode: manufacturers try to bounce back after COVID-19 disruptions date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259618-kl0aq0ut author: De Leo, Diego title: The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259329-8pta6o6a author: Haimovich, Adrian title: Development and validation of the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI): a prognostic tool for early clinical decompensation date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author: Tadesse, Trhas title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259087-hckz3yk0 author: Diago-Sempere, E. title: Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259691-3bo4md44 author: Zhao, Ming title: Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author: Rogerson, Stephen J. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259660-x9sobzyw author: Mohakud, Nirmal K title: An Assumed Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259699-48jg7ci7 author: González-Calatayud, Dra Mariel title: Observational study of the suspected or confirmed cases of sars COV-2 infection needing emergency surgical intervention during the first months of the pandemic in a third level hospital: Case series date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259605-6qa17pfb author: Coleman, Julia R. title: Maintaining Trauma Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urban, Level-1 Trauma Center's Experience date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259952-58q4ma92 author: Ganson, Kyle T. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259566-qtlq7a6l author: Guraya, Salman Yousuf title: Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259223-6b07qiw2 author: Feitosa, Eduardo L title: COVID-19: Rational discovery of the therapeutic potential of Melatonin as a SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Inhibitor date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260033-9cv4eqp8 author: Al Barbarawi, Mohammed M. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the neurosurgery practice in the North of Jordan date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259814-3x234ck2 author: Giussani, Carlo title: The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260002-hszdk4es author: Wayne, Annie S title: Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260150-ynoevzrg author: Caproni, Stefano title: Letter to the editor: “COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies” date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 author: Tran, Tu Anh title: CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259869-kwzsdhrr author: Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam title: Oral saliva and CVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259448-deya8dwn author: Li, Caixia title: Differential microRNA expression in the peripheral blood from human patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259837-5tbdqzxr author: Kalcioglu, Mahmut Tayyar title: May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259906-9em5tjya author: Park, Ji Young title: First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259668-nwezszhj author: Ortiz, Alberto title: Complement and protection from tissue injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260218-add4i1c9 author: Bosch‐Amate, X title: Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid‐19 coagulopathy date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259924-a14svuwu author: Kavčič, Tina title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259871-46al6phc author: Weill, Joakim A. title: Social distancing responses to COVID-19 emergency declarations strongly differentiated by income date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259871-46al6phc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260456-kjmab3og author: Hegde, Shruti title: Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260162-5037khjy author: Gupta, Nivedita title: Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020 date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260162-5037khjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260322-b2493coe author: Mehring, William M. title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260322-b2493coe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260210-u4uosc5v author: McKenna, Hugh title: Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260279-igra1q3j author: Slanetz, Priscilla J. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education—Strategies for Survival date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259971-e3h8pr1v author: Nwachukwu, Izu title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260374-06j1jlc6 author: Gao, Feng title: COVID‐19 and liver transplantation: Lessons learned from three reported cases date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260264-8fzlllde author: Kahan, Barry D. title: COVID-19 Minisymposium: Toward a Strategic Roadmap date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260923-hwvtxy9g author: Jain, Amit title: Dexmedetomidine: another arrow in the quiver to fight COVID-19 disease in intensive care units date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259611-q7ksx47g author: Mulanda Aura, Christopher title: Consequences of calamities and their management: the case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259747-sl9q63oc author: Remmelink, Myriam title: Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author: Seelig, Frederik title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260214-2axc1wn3 author: Batista, Berlinda title: Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260274-c3586tp6 author: Somers, Emily C title: Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260559-n8i52e8q author: Peiris, Malik title: What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260365-neili1bd author: Silverstein, Jenna S. title: Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260365-neili1bd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259905-msefg1ww author: DA SILVA, MICHAEL title: COVID-19 and Health-Related Authority Allocation Puzzles date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260257-phmd0u6d author: Siegler, Aaron J title: Willingness to seek laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 with home, drive-through, and clinic-based specimen collection locations date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260852-u0gpklj7 author: Osman, Mohammed title: Impaired natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260702-1ljyk8uw author: El Hamichi, Sophia title: Pandemics, climate change, and the eye date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260441-3t7ppofw author: Morvan, J.-B. title: Trachéotomie percutanée pour afflux saturant de patients COVID-19: expérience des ORL militaires déployés à Mulhouse date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260723-y4ow6n8r author: Dorey-Stein, Zachariah L. title: Case Series: Failure of imaging & biochemical markers to capture disease progression in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261174-jws90odd author: Tekbali, Asma title: Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261174-jws90odd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260993-udajtsmm author: Youssef, Mohanad title: COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260921-9xgrthg7 author: Ahuja, Abhimanyu S. title: Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Approach date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261006-2xh3f07i author: Dong, Zhiyong title: Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260826-1n96pz86 author: Shet, Anita title: Differential COVID-19-attributable mortality and BCG vaccine use in countries date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259808-82drb14x author: Andrews, Paul L R title: COVID‐19, nausea, and vomiting date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259808-82drb14x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260586-ry0roidc author: Felsenstein, Daniel title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades - Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260179-g9umdcn2 author: He, Zonglin title: Meteorological factors and domestic new cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in nine Asian cities: A time-series analysis date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260180-kojb8efv author: Elsoukkary, Sarah S. title: Autopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260525-bohv78hi author: Mei, Yang title: Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259793-pue0mv99 author: Shamshiripour, Ali title: How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260349-dm39opvg author: Frank, P. title: Trajectories of depressive symptoms among vulnerable groups in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260232-98gtlad6 author: Chenna, Avantika title: Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260039-k9rs3dql author: Doerre, A. title: Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260854-v7wgb6mr author: Colafrancesco, Serena title: COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260995-ji8aifck author: Mohindra, Pranshu title: Proposed brachytherapy recommendations (practical implementation, indications, and dose fractionation) during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260807-uyb45nye author: McCullough, Laurence B. title: Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260980-tyf3fuz9 author: Lorenzo Villalba, Noel title: Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260249-dkslt9ir author: Vallejo, Benjamin M. title: Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260642-qzc3etlx author: Liao, Zhongxing title: Optimizing lung cancer radiation treatment worldwide in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260871-dtn5t8ka author: Silva, Marcus Tulius T. title: SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned about the Nervous System? date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260674-a0ejus6m author: Chopra, Sakshi title: Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours- a cross-sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and ninety-five participants from India date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260874-g3k562od author: Pontieri-Lewis, Vicky title: Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260874-g3k562od.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261086-pwgsl32m author: Aigner, Clemens title: COVID-19 in a lung transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260762-1kuj5dzz author: Elledge, Christen R. title: Radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: International expert consensus recommendations date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261141-w4bqp9xr author: Li, Jinpeng title: Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261328-prczsz9m author: Yassa, Murat title: How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author: Samidurai, Arun title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261070-cvj1t0gi author: Zhang, Xue title: ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260585-ovmko655 author: Sherman, Allen C. title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260585-ovmko655.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260866-bzdd4f5h author: Barceló, Damià title: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Monitor COVID-19 Outbreak: Present and Future Diagnostic Methods to be in Your Radar date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261029-befymalm author: Sultan, Keith title: Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261029-befymalm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261029-befymalm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261029-befymalm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261113-v84rzhin author: Ferdinand, Keith C. title: Understanding African American COVID‐19 Severity and Mortality: Is Obesity the Key? date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260697-oepk0b1d author: Huang, J. title: COVID-19 Recurrent Varies with Different Combinatorial Medical Treatments Determined by Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261577-h86kidhs author: Páramo, José A. title: Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Microvascular Thrombosis, or Both in COVID-19? date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261577-h86kidhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261577-h86kidhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261577-h86kidhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261057-pq0gkwiu author: García-Reyna, Benjamín title: Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Hospital Staff in Regional Hospitals in Mexico: a Brief Report date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260857-oxxle915 author: Samuel, Sharmeen title: INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYMPTOMATIC PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PCR POSITIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION INCLUDING DRUG INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CORRECTED QT INTERVAL (QTc). date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260857-oxxle915.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261420-8wavi5tk author: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260730-w9yv4jd7 author: Neff, Shawn M. title: Guidance concerning chiropractic practice in response to COVID-19 in the U.S.: a summary of state regulators’ web-based information date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261222-762nqkbg author: Sachdeva, Sonali title: Admission Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetics Predicts Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19: a Pooled Analysis and Meta-summary of Literature date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261311-j6bmgmhz author: Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora title: Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261383-izd1vn6f author: Oleynick, Christopher title: Symptoms of Pleurisy as the Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261471-3msk5ggc author: Whyte, Martin B. title: The contribution of diabetic micro-angiopathy to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261471-3msk5ggc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261471-3msk5ggc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261471-3msk5ggc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261270-jkm9c5yv author: Annweiler, Cédric title: National French survey of COVID-19 symptoms in people aged 70 and over date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261105-hydccq8m author: Wang, Chongying title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261192-yzw2bm13 author: Sun, Jia-Kui title: Acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261173-lnjh56ts author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261075-wqtxhiy8 author: Zhang, Meng title: The nervous system——a new territory being explored of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261437-x2k9apav author: Li, D. title: Are Vapers More Susceptible to COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261437-x2k9apav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261437-x2k9apav.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261437-x2k9apav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261062-9zhe3ejy author: Zhu, Shu-Ting title: Utility of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Classification of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261439-xfsqzadd author: Sohal, Karpal Singh title: Oral and maxillofacial surgical services amid COVID-19 pandemic: perspective from Tanzania date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261439-xfsqzadd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261439-xfsqzadd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261439-xfsqzadd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261315-n8tnistv author: Palomar‐Lever, Andres title: Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID‐19: A computed tomography study date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261370-jp5sqqwc author: Bollag, Wendy B. title: Phosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19? date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261473-162uk7wm author: Klimach, Anna title: Rash as a presenting complaint in a child with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261473-162uk7wm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261473-162uk7wm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-261473-162uk7wm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261512-eoqrqnl4 author: Sneyd, J.Robert title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260629-ml1qjipn author: Kopelovich, Sarah L. title: Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261653-0vtghtp7 author: Andersen, Kylie J. title: Recruitment Strategy for Potential COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261653-0vtghtp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261653-0vtghtp7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261653-0vtghtp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261687-632r6uqe author: Xie, Z. title: Health and Demographic Impact on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in US Counties date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261687-632r6uqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261687-632r6uqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261687-632r6uqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262010-y1hevlxd author: Zhang, Qiongshuai title: Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in adjuvant treatment of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262010-y1hevlxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262010-y1hevlxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262010-y1hevlxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261581-2pgac304 author: Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z. title: COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261581-2pgac304.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261581-2pgac304.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261581-2pgac304.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261670-rd9uq6tc author: Stringer, Kathleen A. title: COVID‐19: The Uninvited Guest in the Intensive Care Unit — Implications for Pharmacotherapy date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261875-6sdqh9bl author: Feinman, Jared W. title: The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology – strategies for applicants and fellows to navigate the coronavirus crisis date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261834-x5ltmj30 author: Guo, Cheng-Xian title: Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261834-x5ltmj30.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261834-x5ltmj30.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261834-x5ltmj30.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262069-j3x08scy author: Puglisi, Lisa B. title: Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261771-43075ute author: Zhu, Zhen title: The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261771-43075ute.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261771-43075ute.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261771-43075ute.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262095-u3ns50lg author: Whyte, Richard I. title: Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260248-yp8x5zwi author: Ngonghala, Calistus N title: Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261985-ezzcgy6z author: Musa, Saif A. title: COVID-19: Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261558-szll3znw author: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J. title: Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261558-szll3znw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261228-o80y5cic author: Jorge, D. C. P. title: Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261228-o80y5cic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261228-o80y5cic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261228-o80y5cic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 author: Sabir, A. M. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261840-hk5zi1lj author: Bhumireddy, Jayachandra title: Challenges and possible solutions in dental practice during and post COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262311-vdbk50pl author: Grant-Kels, Jane M. title: Response to “Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis” date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261899-xv4ulh6u author: Gao, Yadong title: COVID-19: Risk factors for critical illness date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 author: Boufkhed, Sabah title: Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261980-bm0benu2 author: Cox, Mougnyan title: Neuroendovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke during Covid-19: A Guide from the Frontlines date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261980-bm0benu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261980-bm0benu2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261980-bm0benu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261470-sqxdwu6j author: Weichmann, Franziska title: Projected supportive effects of Pycnogenol® in patients suffering from multi-dimensional health impairments after a SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261599-ddgoxape author: Nabi, Khondoker Nazmoon title: Forecasting of COVID-19 pandemic: From integer derivatives to fractional derivatives date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261599-ddgoxape.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261599-ddgoxape.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261599-ddgoxape.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261424-t0yulofo author: Feltman, Dalia M. title: Seeking Normalcy as the Curve Flattens: Ethical Considerations for Pediatricians Managing Collateral Damage of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261424-t0yulofo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261424-t0yulofo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261424-t0yulofo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261967-10mbsqmo author: Xu, Stanley title: Estimating the Growth Rate and Doubling Time for Short-Term Prediction and Monitoring Trend During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a SAS Macro date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261967-10mbsqmo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261967-10mbsqmo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261967-10mbsqmo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262188-a20vb800 author: Horisberger, Alice title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SLE: beyond the risk of infection date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262188-a20vb800.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262249-9jutus1c author: Eshraghian, Ahad title: Reduced rate of hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities during the initial COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262192-w86qc3fq author: Balkhair, Abdullah A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262203-tcs36kp9 author: Berghella, Vincenzo title: Attack on coronavirus disease 2019 from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262049-c8uzehft author: Li, Ruilin title: Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262029-zzn74cjr author: Kang, Chang Kyung title: In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261891-yiiz9s53 author: Czernichow, Sébastien title: Obesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Paris hospitals, France: a cohort study on 5795 patients date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262343-oo55qvpk author: Sohal, Sandeep title: COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262152-gdnc51m5 author: Chaibi, Sayma title: Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261860-gfcm0q3p author: Fersia, O. title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiology Services date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261435-wcn4bjnw author: Ren, Xianwen title: Large-scale single-cell analysis reveals critical immune characteristics of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261256-iwdusvrw author: Gandolfi, Alberto title: Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262278-7d6u2tbj author: Hashemi, Masoud title: Anestesia espinhal em pacientes com COVID-19, mais pesquisa é necessária date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262489-cecg3geg author: Zhao, Zhanqi title: COVID-19 pneumonia: phenotype assessment requires bedside tools date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262169-5x2oop1g author: Alola, Andrew Adewale title: The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262073-7bhoyg4o author: Tolu, Lemi Belay title: Managing Resident Workforce and Residency Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review of Adaptive Approaches date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262403-qw06qqlw author: López, Luz Polo title: Cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas en España durante el estado de alarma por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262090-nbxzyjvf author: Acharya, Arpan title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Neurological Dysfunction date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262626-yk4e737w author: Favaloro, Emmanuel J. title: Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262236-1lilrqts author: Capone, Stephen title: Characterization of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients at a Brooklyn Safety-Net Hospital date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261455-uejtwgar author: Roschewski, Mark title: Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261455-uejtwgar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261455-uejtwgar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261455-uejtwgar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262631-xslc6olc author: Slim, K title: La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collatérale de la crise du Covid-19? date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262575-06i2nv0t author: Caracciolo, Massimo title: Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262556-gpnp06je author: Behrens, Estuardo title: COVID-19: IFSO LAC Recommendations for the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262412-bs7quwov author: Kaya, Gürkan title: Clinical and Histopathological Features and Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: Review of the Literature date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262550-oip5m9br author: Kumar, S. Udhaya title: The Rise and Impact of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262708-hctuxrw9 author: Ramachandra, C. title: Outcomes of Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preparedness to Practising Continuous Cancer Care date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author: Mao, Suling title: Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262519-qjolkwsd author: Xiong, X. title: Are COVID-19 infected children with gastrointestinal symptoms different from those without symptoms? A comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 pediatric cases from Wuhan date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262653-v1to1mrp author: Asad, H. title: Health Care Workers and Patients as Trojan Horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262399-yqtbhdwh author: English, W. title: Suspected appendicitis and COVID-19, a change in investigation and management—a multicentre cohort study date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262286-flc5f9wh author: Baral, S. D. title: The Relationship between the Global Burden of Influenza from 2017-2019 and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262694-bltihsbt author: Sookramanien, Sabrina Pamela title: Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology - letter to the editor on “Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)”: A correspondence date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262499-68vmdqky author: Bordi, Licia title: Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262784-r9gq2oan author: Tian, Suochen title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262100-z6uv32a0 author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262910-hgmwmrtq author: Hornuss, D. title: Anosmia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263055-4f25h9l4 author: Fogarty, Helen title: More on COVID‐19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262909-pixroj1k author: Wang, Zhao title: High Fluorescent Lymphocytes Are Increased in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263061-ocplcdiv author: Rivetti, Luigi title: Management of Pacemaker Implantation during COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261711-nmmz9tke author: Verma, Surabhi title: Investigating the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262198-3slh8aha author: Rossell, S. title: An overview of current mental health in the general population of Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COLLATE project date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262878-ygvbqmxd author: de Carranza, María title: Aortic thrombus in patients with severe COVID-19: review of three cases date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263220-g721fj81 author: Li, Xiaohu title: Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263220-g721fj81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262454-bccrvapy author: Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes title: Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262375-1ex2ow07 author: Qun, Sen title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262928-l2bqcd0l author: Guarisco, Gloria title: Covid-19 and diabesity: when a pandemia cross another pandemia date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262945-zfcz0hpd author: Chow, Lai Chee title: Thrombosis and Bleeding as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection with Polycythemia Vera. A Case Report date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw author: Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya title: The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263057-1pty32l1 author: Bhopal, Sunil title: Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262987-7h91n9ro author: Bin Traiki, Thamer A. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes: A retrospective and cross sectional study date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn author: CABARKAPA, Sonja title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262780-ilu5oskk author: Sattui, Sebastian E. title: Swinging the pendulum: lessons learned from public discourse concerning hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262699-e628ysw5 author: Branstetter, S. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families in Germany date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262730-1dxeg8ci author: Barón-Sánchez, J. title: Smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263258-qpzaehg0 author: Montastruc, François title: Hepatic disorders with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262520-480kgpp2 author: Kim, Yun Jeong title: How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea’s explosive COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263127-zlenyzn9 author: Alimohamadi, Yousef title: Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262863-f07v5uk8 author: Bertocchi, Ilaria title: The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity‐related COVID‐19 exacerbations: lessons for drug repurposing date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262716-hea84shy author: Pourali, Fatemeh title: Relationship between blood group and risk of infection and death in COVID-19: a live meta-analysis date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262716-hea84shy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263267-oj7rmy8m author: Taccone, Fabio S title: Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262936-yo6jf3ng author: Deng, Jia-gang title: Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263064-n4c0m5hn author: Choudhury, Ivana title: COVID-19 as a Possible Cause of Functional Exhaustion of CD4 and CD8 T-cells and Persistent Cause of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263099-uhou04sp author: Marlais, Matko title: The severity of COVID-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263422-ojdcag0r author: Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title: Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263244-dv2baj6j author: Farooqi, Kanwal M. title: Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263363-2um8ntvi author: de Havenon, Adam title: Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263080-c3bklv8s author: Inanc, Yusuf title: COVID-19 pneumonia following double-sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263191-osa3ylkl author: Pericàs, Juan M. title: Hospital at home for the management of COVID-19: preliminary experience with 63 patients date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263241-qzerj9bs author: Liu, Liu title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263002-f3itn0sb author: Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. title: Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263035-eekytsst author: Hart, Alexander title: A Proposed COVID-19 Testing Algorithm date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263035-eekytsst.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263214-h6lkvlj3 author: Bassi, Massimiliano title: BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263235-n8omnki4 author: Hassan, Ansar title: Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263365-ymnbktm5 author: Dube, Geoffrey K. title: COVID‐19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262467-epqqd8n8 author: Chen, Jun title: COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262954-saqo900k author: Esme, Mert title: Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262954-saqo900k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263435-rclo9jv4 author: Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad title: Letter: Neurosurgical Patients’ Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263552-6qhb02l2 author: Chokroverty, Sudhansu title: The Many Faces and Fangs of COVID-19: An Editorial date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262786-otxpc46a author: Mohammadi, Soheil title: Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263231-tz97u731 author: Muniz-Pardos, Borja title: Collateral Health Issues Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263231-tz97u731.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263285-89zqgqx1 author: Sethi, Sanjum S. title: Right Ventricular Clot in Transit in COVID-19: Implications for the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263318-v079kur6 author: Amaro, Rommie E. title: A Community Letter Regarding Sharing Biomolecular Simulation Data for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263318-v079kur6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263474-v5fbahqb author: Barsky, Lili L. title: Efficacy of clinical evaluations for COVID-19 on the front line date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263569-x06dked1 author: Bobenchik, April M. title: Testing the asymptomatic pre-surgical population for SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263569-x06dked1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262673-j2ot35lt author: Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa title: Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263521-kv3l41qz author: Haigh, Kathryn title: Hyperinflammation with Covid-19: the key to patient deterioration?()() date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262681-2voe4r7f author: Kim, Moon-Young title: Proposal of the Autopsy Guideline for Infectious Diseases: Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era (abridged translation) date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263670-irhdf4o2 author: Fried, Jacob title: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263664-isgcm4lj author: Lee, Justin title: Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263300-qfquedya author: Ruthberg, Jeremy S. title: Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 and otolaryngologists above age 60() date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263300-qfquedya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author: Ray, Debashree title: Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263568-ea3k2i69 author: Price, Elizabeth title: Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263308-q0iriid8 author: Piano, Carla title: An Italian Neurology Outpatient Clinic Facing SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Data From 2,167 Patients date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263292-qjfe2t9v author: Sansone, A. title: Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263647-svvvwiqs author: Han, Jimin title: Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263669-d4r4t6ls author: Wang, Zhichao title: Our Experiences with Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263631-xna0qtpu author: Geng, Jianping title: A Silent Infection Pandemic of COVID-19: Epidemiological Investigation and Hypothetical Models date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263066-umvojci8 author: Smondack, P. title: Kinésithérapie et COVID-19 : de la réanimation à la réhabilitation à domicile. Synthèse des recommandations internationales date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263066-umvojci8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263530-t9ryky6f author: Kamal, Yasmine Mohamed title: Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263301-7gw6a6nv author: Sakelliadis, Emmanouil I. title: Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Characteristics of Autopsy Cases in Greece. Comparison between 2019 and 2020 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263572-h7ya60k5 author: Taboada, Manuel title: Supine versus Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Comment date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263753-p3evgngz author: Magoon, Rohan title: Dexmedetomidine in COVID-19: probing promises with prudence! date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263494-u4tca4es author: Jiménez-Rodríguez, Diana title: Simulated Video Consultations as a Learning Tool in Undergraduate Nursing: Students’ Perceptions date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263627-8ufjh70o author: Liang, Li-Lin title: Covid-19 mortality is negatively associated with test number and government effectiveness date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263754-iv21q46l author: Cuadrado, Antonio title: Can activation of NRF2 be a strategy against COVID-19? date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263861-7a076c90 author: Hossien Mehrsafar, Amir title: Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263861-7a076c90.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263968-v9sncm4l author: Ahmed, Anwar E. title: Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263371-1ozoq3hb author: Togun, Toyin title: Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263518-6puccigu author: Maarefvand, Masoomeh title: Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263518-6puccigu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264080-fbp9rr5z author: Coppola, Alessandro title: An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263840-1t4ykc01 author: Altay, Ozlem title: Current status of COVID-19 therapies and drug repositioning applications date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263613-gh9zm05u author: Yu, Jingjing title: Impact of citywide COVID‐19 testing on people’s behaviour in seeking for dental services in Wuhan date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262119-s6hc7fxs author: Ostaszewski, Marek title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263321-pzmo4hja author: Roach, P. title: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263457-puf8gjir author: Jayarangaiah, Apoorva title: COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy: An Exacerbated Immunothrombosis Response date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263716-ywsm11aw author: Zhou, Yifan title: Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263674-kngz6j9q author: Chen, Xing title: Laboratory abnormalities and risk factors associated with in‐hospital death in patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264128-o3p92gx0 author: Ahmar, Ansari Saleh title: Will Covid-19 confirmed cases in the USA reach 3 million? A forecasting approach using SutteARIMA date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263763-a8wgvgz2 author: Çelik, Ersin title: Treatment Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Seen Early After Open Heart Surgery. Case Report date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263628-ac9gld5l author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263736-n4mjdlgx author: Pinto, A. C. P. N. title: Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263936-8yud5o6c author: Wang, Gary X. title: Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264148-qpcvxwti author: He, Feng title: Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263544-6ueqx53v author: Mauri, Eleonora title: Estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services provided by Italian Neuromuscular Centers: an Italian Association of Myology survey of the acute phase date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263801-01goni72 author: Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão title: Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263801-01goni72.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263801-01goni72.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263801-01goni72.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263901-hmqq9w1a author: Yurdaisik, Isil title: Effectiveness of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus-2019 date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264145-73e61rlq author: Belančić, Andrej title: Gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia - Additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263945-yli5suxb author: Iancu, Gabriela Mariana title: Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264143-30h09e1k author: Kim, M. S. title: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264052-uph136sn author: Wilson, Mitchell P title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264052-uph136sn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264037-43yr6qon author: Kang, Yun-Jung title: Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263882-s5oxr6es author: Najar Nobar, Niloufar title: Patients with specific skin disorders who are affected by COVID‐19: what do experiences say about management strategies? : A systematic review date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264073-yhztrscf author: Betonico, Gustavo Navarro title: Challenges in COVID‐19 medical response: a nephrology perspective date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264287-lq4awi0i author: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title: The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263883-7ba0huwy author: Ansarin, Khalil title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263625-gqzly8xw author: Dighe, Amy title: Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263749-bbhh5xb1 author: Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée title: Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: trying to untangle facts from fictions date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264136-jjtsd4n3 author: Ferstad, Johannes Opsahl title: A model to forecast regional demand for COVID-19 related hospital beds date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264237-s14pygkh author: Wallis, Neil title: Implementation of field hospital pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264180-0vd3tr9j author: Gupta, Anupam K title: Is It Safe to Perform Lung Surgery During the Coronavirus Pandemic? date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264260-8p6pvjkn author: Peng, Hongbing title: A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264248-wqkphg2e author: Hazem, Y. title: Hasty Reduction of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures Leads to the Second Wave of Infection date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263738-8g5ujfaf author: Qian, Jing-Yi title: Acute Kidney Injury in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264226-9tgnx7du author: Caramelo, Francisco title: Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264535-zhz9wzh9 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264206-u9c8rrrv author: Pata, Ugur Korkut title: How is COVID-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264277-mh6og6pq author: Atallah, Juliana title: The importance of imaging – Perspectives from redeployment date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263940-dzb5idx2 author: Martinez-Lopez, J. title: Multiple Myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Inpatient Mortality date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263908-4ti8l2ea author: Gupta, Ritesh title: Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264449-p3tgjuj4 author: Majumdar, PK title: Orthopaedic Surgery in Times of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264769-gp2tie7k author: XiangNg, Qin title: A Framework to Deal with Uncertainty in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264264-7j3xirfg author: TüRsen, Ümit title: CORONAVIRUS‐DAYS IN DERMATOLOGY date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264538-hzb2fkj5 author: Tadic, Marijana title: COVID‐19 and arterial hypertension: Hypothesis or evidence? date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264356-3zu4w0a9 author: Ino, Hiroyasu title: Vaccine mandate in long‐term care facilities date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264510-3wdquuzy author: Li, Meng title: Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264610-kxebc12r author: Chen, Yu title: Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264642-veqyvtn4 author: Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Daniel title: The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in smoking behavior: Evidence from a nationwide survey in the UK date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264220-xfptlkuc author: Tan, Chaochao title: C‐reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID‐19 early date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264907-y4vefr98 author: Renke, Christine title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264979-pc1s093k author: Zhou, Yan title: Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264204-4ablrwuo author: Guintivano, Jerry title: Psychiatric Genomics Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Researchers date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264412-2dwk06yd author: Dallavalle, Gianfranco title: Migraine Symptoms Improvement During the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Cohort of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263703-5csf9z6s author: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264673-67zopf7s author: Shi, Hongbo title: The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264560-hxvadp24 author: Liu, Jui-Yao title: Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264578-hwq1k866 author: Jiang, Ying title: The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264647-9r443j3l author: Talamonti, G. title: Spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264462-4vfk99f5 author: Piscoya, A. title: Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264563-c3wbie4i author: Karni, N. title: Self-rated smell ability enables highly specific predictors of COVID-19 status: a case control study in Israel date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264779-71s7e18i author: Neumann, Natalie R. title: Medical Toxicology and COVID-19: Our Role in a Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264113-dh74pv64 author: Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, J. title: Groundbreaking predictions about COVID-19 pandemic duration, number of infected and dead: A novel mathematical approach never used in epidemiology date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264266-6xvj9zey author: Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title: COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264697-b3wd6gww author: Ma, Xiaoxu title: Characteristic of 523 COVID-19 in Henan Province and a Death Prediction Model date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264793-0wvif337 author: Miró, Òscar title: Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S(1) date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264793-0wvif337.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263993-gbbkcwo7 author: Salazar, Leonardo Alberto title: CONSENSO ECMO COLOMBIANO PARA PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADA A COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265006-m1dmgcd1 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Do the meta-analyses provide a clean bill of health to the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19? date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264942-9u2k5ctm author: Lusczek, E. R. title: Characterizing COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes and Associated Comorbidities and Complication Profiles date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265100-i49m4y0e author: Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah title: The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020 date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264295-7ojvhwb0 author: Maddaloni, Ernesto title: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse Covid-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: a multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II) date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265119-j4u4fbba author: Alakwaa, Fadhl M. title: Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264843-cwtdkylo author: Chen, Justin A. title: COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264785-kkd2pyp3 author: Plevinsky, Jill M title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264051-ps0x2es1 author: Li, Wei title: Human Identical Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Promote Clinical Progression of COVID-19 by Upregulating Hyaluronan via NamiRNA-Enhancer Network date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265082-gjbabh4g author: Xuan, Tian-ming title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265170-yv04ijsm author: Ceccarelli, Giancarlo title: Probiotics and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262470-nkql7h9x author: Muus, Christoph title: Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264957-po7wys3s author: Singh, A. title: Covid-19 Pandemic- Pits and falls of major states of India. date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265052-hfuvm1oh author: Turan, Çağrı title: Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID ‐19 pandemic: What it whispers to us? date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265169-bmwdpzqe author: Co, Christian Oliver C. title: Acute Stroke Care Algorithm in a Private Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Third World Country Experience date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265309-1su480xi author: Bagdasarian, Natasha title: A safe and efficient, naturally ventilated structure for COVID-19 surge capacity in Singapore date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265309-1su480xi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265053-x70501t3 author: Pourhomayoun, Mohammad title: Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence to Help Medical Decision-Making date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265053-x70501t3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265197-kxfj3ziu author: DiMaria, Christina N title: Cognitive Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 author: Tuge Deressa, Chernet title: Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: The Case of Ethiopia date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265293-l9omunq4 author: Schönegger, Carmen Maria title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264967-a822exap author: Fu, Yue-qiang title: Impact of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264967-a822exap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264967-a822exap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264967-a822exap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265155-jbvrcjx8 author: Aroniadis, Olga C. title: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities in the Digestive Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264811-xbeipob9 author: Choi, Yongin title: Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author: KINI, GANESH title: All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264986-glm2qcuz author: Tam, Cheuk Chi title: Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265111-d44ireu5 author: D’Ardes, Damiano title: Duration of COVID-19: Data from an Italian Cohort and Potential Role for Steroids date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265340-hc9003dj author: Merzon, Eugene title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265078-u19e9j2w author: Xie, Jingui title: Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265833-vj5nrip6 author: Coates, P Toby title: The Forgotten Fallen: painful reality of a pandemic date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265172-rn9pkk52 author: Michiwaki, Yuhei title: Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265530-hn7fi5cv author: Jansen, Danielle title: Child and adolescent health needs attention now, and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265077-7dh669jv author: Liu, Fang title: Clinico-Radiological Features and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared with Age-Matched Non-Pregnant Women date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265346-vygvs1x3 author: MOHAMED, N. A. title: EARLY VIRAL CLEARANCE AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS WHEN GARGLING WITH POVIDONE-IODINE AND ESSENTIAL OILS: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265598-4h3wx81q author: Hasan, Abdulkarim title: Histopathology Laboratory Paperwork as a Potential Risk of COVID-19 Transmission among the Lab Personnel date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265290-5txhcr7h author: Siso-Almirall, A. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SPANISH COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CASE SERIES FROM BARCELONA date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265178-q7x7ec24 author: Lyócsa, Štefan title: Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264651-cqxmpxyq author: Lee, Shawna J. title: Parenting Activities and the Transition to Home-based Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265522-qutjr010 author: Wei, Xiaowei title: Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist's perspective date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-265522-qutjr010.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265372-vytmwmoj author: Shah, Nita H title: Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266238-922ncaay author: Xiang, Mi title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266238-922ncaay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265278-wf5pbvvt author: Fishman, Jay A. title: Case 29-2020: A 66-Year-Old Man with Fever and Shortness of Breath after Liver Transplantation date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264829-ynel6ore author: Momtazmanesh, Sara title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265230-ozyx8u64 author: Takahari, Daisuke title: Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265589-mn2wr79n author: buonsenso, d. title: Management of malaria in children under 5-years-old during COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone: a lesson learned? date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266020-ngqfwyj4 author: Taito, S. title: Assessment of the Publication Trends of COVID-19 Systematic Reviews and Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266088-485m5ped author: Cénat, Jude Mary title: Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266088-485m5ped.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265779-p2bro1ai author: Hussein, Nawfal R. title: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266118-jjzr4yn3 author: Jing, Zhi-Cheng title: Recommendations from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266120-bcya8jrs author: D'Ascanio, Luca title: Letter to the editor regarding “corona-steps for tracheotomy in codid-19 patients: a staff-safe method for airway management” date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264976-6n9cdex6 author: Corse, Tanner title: Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265022-p5cab562 author: Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265022-p5cab562.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266113-3fp46sov author: Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin title: Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264919-0jlg2gkc author: Hopp, Marie-Thérèse title: Unravelling the debate on heme effects in COVID-19 infections date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264974-hspek930.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265610-om510pt7 author: Cervantes‐Arslanian, Anna title: Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265610-om510pt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266132-i57avso9 author: Kirksey, Lee title: Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266132-i57avso9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265327-k00w7gmk author: Muraca, Maurizio title: Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia? (*) date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265328-83p3sjja author: Limcaoco, R. S. G. title: Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265596-o6jdvlya author: Pan, Lei title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265343-4wfsze80 author: Mhango, Malizgani title: COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266010-ectnfv5z author: Pediconi, Federica title: Breast imaging and cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265721-wmz3wywi author: Saini, Kamal S. title: Repurposing anticancer drugs for COVID-19-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266079-nv28ppft author: Dai, Jinghong title: Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265890-quacalt5 author: Arauzo-Carod, Josep-Maria title: A first insight about spatial dimension of COVID-19: analysis at municipality level date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265890-quacalt5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266234-lg866rnt author: Adrogué, A. H. title: A kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: utility of a prognostication score date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266145-xnu8pj24 author: Ahmed, Mohammed A. M. title: COVID-19 in Somalia: Adherence to Preventive Measures and Evolution of the Disease Burden date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265799-qda5awuc author: Carothers, Chancey title: Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Suspected Remdesivir‐Associated Acute Liver Failure in COVID‐19: A Case Series date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266070-28a85p50 author: Oberhammer, J. title: Social-distancing effectiveness tracking of the COVID-19 hotspot Stockholm date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266070-28a85p50.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265934-wjdxqj8h author: Singh, Amrita K. title: A Review of Telemedicine Applications in Otorhinolaryngology: Considerations During the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265603-3we40x62 author: Casey, M. title: Estimating pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19: a secondary analysis using published data date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265603-3we40x62.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266183-uzuda3ir author: Renieris, Georgios title: Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266055-ki4gkoc8 author: Kikkisetti, S. title: Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265877-dund6unq author: Yang, Q. title: Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265877-dund6unq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266466-5sgfx7oq author: Mansour, Amani title: First Case of an Infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266392-bayabroa author: Brenner, Erica J. title: BENIGN EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV2 INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM TWO INTERNATIONAL DATABASES date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266392-bayabroa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266242-d4fo3lsn author: Ostapenko, A. title: Impacts on Surgery Resident Education at a first wave COVID-19 epicenter date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266160-464v4g8o author: Bajaj, Jasmohan S title: Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266549-g8060w8v author: Gkentzi, Despoina title: Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266214-l8pmhcd5 author: Wang, Xiaogang title: Management Strategies for Patients After CABG Surgery in the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266220-78g951x4 author: Palazzani, Laura title: The pandemic and the ethical dilemma of limited resources: who to treat? date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266220-78g951x4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265813-2onv9mvl author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author: Ying, Wang title: Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266324-uvsmbrbf author: Zhang, Hu title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265855-zf52vl11 author: Mayor-Ibarguren, Ander title: A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266377-3krv9ekb author: Nakayachi, Kazuya title: Why Do Japanese People Use Masks Against COVID-19, Even Though Masks Are Unlikely to Offer Protection From Infection? date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266150-wox7pnkr author: Torres, Juan Pablo title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265899-skpkuzyu author: Pryzdial, Edward L. G. title: Antiviral anticoagulation date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265506-fxus6n65 author: Westrupp, Elizabeth M. title: Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS): A Longitudinal Study of Australian Parents of a Child 0–18 Years date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266293-lqag2p3u author: González-Olmo, María José title: Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266257-hp11at50 author: Zhang, Yao title: Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266257-hp11at50.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266643-53b0qdcl author: Ayyaz, Mahmood title: Combating COVID 19 in a public sector hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266051-my2wj1uu author: Sheridan Rains, Luke title: Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266209-gvvc8wqe author: Xiao, Lu-shan title: Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Model Using Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Disease Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266456-10tjzqep author: Sadeghipour, Parham title: Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian“247” National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266052-rcuzi70u author: Liu, Lilong title: Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266813-5tttyl5o author: DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Trainees on the Front Line date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266313-b518n9dx author: Cao, Yu-chen title: Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266440-69l9c3my author: Rochwerg, Bram title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266175-4jyltfus author: Brendish, Nathan J title: Clinical impact of molecular point-of-care testing for suspected COVID-19 in hospital (COV-19POC): a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266303-6igk5jmn author: Yang, Xiaopeng title: Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266569-cf3mfp3e author: Senefeld, J. title: Therapeutic use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency: A systematic review date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266932-567lbktm author: Escalard, Simon title: Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266932-567lbktm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266031-tlrsco40 author: Haghani, Milad title: Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV literature date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266878-z7qn80tw author: Cho, Pauline title: COVID 19—An eye on the virus date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266429-0xaz8kbs author: Bader, Feras title: Heart failure and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266650-2kkw9nwa author: Gupta, L. title: Management of rheumatic diseases in the times of COVID-19 pandemic- perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266394-ehh61x5c author: Katsoulis, M. title: Obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic: cause of high risk or an effect of lockdown? A population-based electronic health record analysis in 1 958 184 individuals. date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266627-rkupc9w0 author: Liu, Chengyin title: Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266648-962r0vm8 author: Grossberg, Laurie B title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267117-e53jvt92 author: Fahd Al‐Muhanna, Afnan title: COVID‐19: Impact and challenges at breast imaging unit date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266283-xnzdkxm3 author: Wakfie-Corieh, Cristina Gamila title: Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267075-0wtgycv5 author: Mouawad, Nicolas J. title: The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266672-t85wd0xq author: Bagnera, Silvia title: Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a “new software score” in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266382-co3n724s author: Cordeiro-Rodrigues, Luís title: Social Justice for Public Health: The COVID-19 Response in Portugal date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266382-co3n724s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266713-rghowch1 author: Reyes-Bueno, JA title: Case fatality of COVID-19 in patients with neurodegenerative dementia date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266713-rghowch1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266463-ci0g1dno author: Lopes, Renato D. title: Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266916-flskltdf author: Malik, Jahanzeb title: Paying in Blood: A Case of Thrombocytopenia in Covid-19 date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266916-flskltdf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264814-v4wnmg03 author: Flanagan, Katie L. title: Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266948-n7sltd1b author: Ahamed, Jasimuddin title: Severe aortic stenosis patient risk during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266808-wyuodzyt author: Nagler, Arielle R title: Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266744-31p212aq author: Dick, Lachlan title: Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266744-31p212aq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267030-khzivbzy author: Jia, Peng title: Understanding the Epidemic Course in Order to Improve Epidemic Forecasting date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266935-bkan3mwy author: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267152-m9m0aunk author: Yang, Philip title: Investigating the sex differences in COVID-19: Another step forward, but many unanswered questions date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267296-u4svwcpt author: Rauch, Antoine title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267332-xc6dcb93 author: Soltani, Marwa title: Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266573-vfl08i2p author: Largent, Emily A title: Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267268-50h13gso author: Spagnolo, Paolo title: Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267268-50h13gso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267243-ewivbfib author: Rodrigues, J.C.L. title: An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267494-186aztc3 author: Wilder-Smith, Annelies title: Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267494-186aztc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266896-unb9yvjr author: Nihei, Yoshihito title: Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266601-4ik5gu6b author: Peter, Strang title: Dying from Covid-19: Loneliness, end-of-life discussions and support for patients and their families in nursing homes and hospitals. A national register study date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267142-ys7z7j8j author: Cheema, Marvi title: Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267209-m0fvv1t7 author: Sawyer, Michala R. title: Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266755-y2lf7ssp author: Yehualashet, Awgichew Shewasinad title: ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266791-ng1xlvkf author: Zhang, W. title: Leukopenia of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections under 18 Years Old in Recovery Stage date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266469-n484zqq1 author: King, Michael J. title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267300-zbipv9er author: Alalwan, Adel A title: A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267257-kwy9puxo author: Greenhalgh, Sue title: Safety netting; best practice in the face of uncertainty date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267389-v2ihhtl0 author: Canevelli, Marco title: The Pipeline of Therapeutics Testing During the Emergency Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267034-s3hf4bo5 author: Palladino, Raffaele title: Excess Deaths and Hospital Admissions for COVID-19 Due to a Late Implementation of the Lockdown in Italy date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267612-1h7xpkbe author: Lipsker, Dan title: A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266988-72uvawth author: Barth, Rolf F. title: The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266988-72uvawth.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266799-t7lqlv41 author: Rotejanaprasert, Chawarat title: Preliminary estimation of temporal and spatiotemporal dynamic measures of COVID-19 transmission in Thailand date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266750-41gth6o0 author: Puzzitiello, Richard N. title: Inflammatory and Coagulative Considerations for the Management of Orthopaedic Trauma Patients With COVID-19: A Review of the Current Evidence and Our Surgical Experience date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266478-642m488a author: Gino, Bruno title: Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266478-642m488a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266478-642m488a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266478-642m488a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266993-vt0aq7k6 author: Casas Rojo, J. M. title: Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author: Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267697-b6cg5j32 author: Zhao, Kedong title: Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267271-cdeecuf0 author: Liu, Nian title: Dynamic changes of Chest CT follow-up in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to clinical typing date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267076-a4ulg4ck author: Mechili, Enkeleint A. title: Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Albania. date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266307-w56rii2p author: Acheampong, Desmond Omane title: Male Predisposition to Severe COVID-19: Review of Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Prospects date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267287-qodj254z author: Pintado, Juan F. title: How COVID-19 has affected Emergent Visits to a Latin-American Trauma Department: Experience at a Peruvian National Trauma Referral Center date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267287-qodj254z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author: Wichmann, Dominic title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267438-8e7wxzel author: Wu, Vincent title: Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267055-xscwk74r author: Chassagnon, Guillaume title: AI-Driven quantification, staging and outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267618-ots27qks author: Molliqaj, Granit title: How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267618-ots27qks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267610-bzbr9ios author: Anastassopoulou, Cleo title: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267533-nmgtan4e author: Hu, Zhigang title: Delayed hospital admission and high-dose corticosteroids potentially prolong SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267343-a6fplmfj author: Brakman, Steven title: The turn from just-in-time to just-in-case globalization in and after times of COVID-19 An essay on the risk re-appraisal of borders and buffers date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267519-a0bcmjkn author: Bravi, Francesca title: Predictors of severe or lethal COVID-19, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, in a sample of infected Italian citizens date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267748-uzt8a5nx author: Shiohara, Tetsuo title: Comment on “Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19”: Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267923-0z175ysz author: Li, Jingwen title: Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267624-v6e9zzfg author: Rinkel, L. A. title: Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267465-7rrveyrh author: Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A. title: COVID-19 Y TABAQUISMO: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS DE LA EVIDENCIA date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267307-kyh0xsrp author: Kasting, Monica L. title: Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267486-ipcvepia author: van den Heuvel, F. M. A. title: Cardiac function in relation to myocardial injury in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267260-8l831mre author: Brenner, Erica J. title: Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267260-8l831mre.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267538-6u3mwzc9 author: Mitra, Raman L. title: An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267511-tb69dwg8 author: Talebian, Sepehr title: Why Go NANO on COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267815-4fw7xgnt author: Peña, Juan A. title: A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267691-whn49c79 author: Rooney, L. title: ‘Policing’ a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267691-whn49c79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267645-39sao4nu author: De Felice, Francesca title: A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268058-1ry3z2vb author: Di, Biao title: Identification and validation of predictive factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia by proteomics date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267476-j59tm40d author: Yong, Sarah Ee Fang title: Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267397-b7ogeokm author: Smith, E. R. title: Protocol for a Sequential, Prospective Meta-Analysis to Describe COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Newborn Periods date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267566-gdjl0qmu author: Kweon, Oh Joo title: Antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infection using two serologic assays date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267713-i75e5vtw author: Lim, Andy title: An International Report on the Adaptations of Rapid Transient Ischaemic Attack Pathways During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268135-77emtyen author: Moghadam, Vahid Damanpak title: Letter to the Editor: Additional Recommendations before Intubation of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268135-77emtyen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax author: MacIntyre, C. Raina title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267735-y3832u9e author: Sun, Wuping title: Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268011-q24zsyn4 author: Rakshit, Bijoy title: When China sneezes, middle east states get the cold date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267971-xgwmda8e author: Tan, Shing Cheng title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267690-g0kesgjm author: Mueller, Sarina K. title: Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268145-0sv6fdtj author: Long, Brit title: Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268062-f03acrrd author: Weaver, Michael title: COVID-19 and Jaundice date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268293-u5r2id8i author: Hess, Robert G. title: Shared Governance During a Pandemic date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267402-kca05rvz author: South, Kieron title: Preceding infection and risk of stroke: An old concept revived by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267856-t3ksa18w author: Funk, Colin D. title: A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi author: Ramírez, Ivan J. title: COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268247-psrijhg2 author: Ullah, Waqas title: As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on, where have all the STEMIs gone? date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268064-ljjcyv92 author: Zhao, Guolian title: A comparative study of the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stage date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268354-dq17uhzx author: Lastinger, Lauren T. title: Triage and management of the ACHD patient with COVID-19: A single center approach date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268085-vpzrk8u7 author: Mandal, Amrendra title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection and Its Practical Applications date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268084-pttsahkb author: Vest, N. A. title: Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268426-sz9ftmxr author: Maalla M’jid, Najat title: Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268040-6i0bmnee author: Dean, Elizabeth title: Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268548-sujsnw2w author: Monaco, Maria Rita Lo title: An educational case series of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267947-dnv2xl0h author: Gornet, Jean-Marc title: What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19? date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267782-4pjfnund author: Lan, Fan-Yun title: Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268065-mxvbbkc4 author: Wei, Maoti title: Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268525-j06u3brl author: Lucchese, Guglielmo title: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 indicate autoimmunity date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268112-zk8z8z4i author: Zhu, Linnan title: Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals distinct immune response landscapes of COVID-19 and influenza patients date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268075-kbislbx0 author: Song, Limin title: Cardiovascular Changes in Patients With COVID-19 From Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268329-apl6n6jl author: Antunes, Douglas Eulálio title: Will cases of leprosy reaction increase with COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267482-afqfymbq author: Ryu, Seungjin title: Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268390-npuvodd4 author: Rehman, Aziz ul title: The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268638-3lz60dyd author: Allen, Joshua C. title: Dispatches from the Frontlines: A Critical Care Nurse's Response to COVID19 date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268347-xz6fptol author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for systemic rheumatic diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic: more questions than answers date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268357-oijcqk0n author: Parra-Medina, Rafael title: Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268424-5c6edaw8 author: Behera, D. title: Tb Cotrol In India In The Covid Era date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268455-btuzihsy author: de Santiago, Javier title: COVID-19: gynecologic cancer surgery at a single center in Madrid date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268470-dgxn32ls author: Sharma, Abhishek title: Obesity is Associated with More Critical Illness in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268190-r428y2j9 author: Vivanti, Alexandre J. title: Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268705-crcs6d0a author: Harrogate, Suzanne title: Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268049-7xqln70d author: Montrief, Tim title: COVID-19 respiratory support in the emergency department setting date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268117-5xhc3h0z author: Merzon, E. title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268306-wreifhzl author: Leitao, Darren Jonathan title: Pediatric rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal during the COVID-19 pandemic: case report date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268425-xg8xnjf9 author: DiNicolantonio, James J. title: Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268747-619eztla author: Bernar, Benoît title: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a 7‐year‐old girl with pancytopenia during acute lymphocytic leukemia maintenance therapy date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268747-619eztla.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268747-619eztla.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268747-619eztla.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268330-mo5myrz4 author: Gentile, Pietro title: Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268707-fip5e95c author: Williamson, Heather J title: Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268389-0agwvsrv author: Kaminski, Monica A. title: Tocilizumab Therapy of COVID-19: A Comparison of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Therapies date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268453-87b298uk author: Ibáñez, Sebastián title: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy? date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268453-87b298uk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268659-lhprkye6 author: Hummel, James P. title: Temporal Trends in Arrhythmogenicity Related to Treatment of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267907-zbsbqj9o author: Brown, Samantha M. title: Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268176-tb12txdf author: Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia title: Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268468-036i1082 author: Asif, Muhammad title: The role of biosensors in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268468-036i1082.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268468-036i1082.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268468-036i1082.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268690-xle4bx49 author: Gao, Lei title: Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267996-5l9shks8 author: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268206-ino9srb6 author: Hamed, Manal A. title: An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268140-s5lailkp author: Atal, Shubham title: IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy? date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268761-yr0n5g7i author: Rao, Chalapati title: Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268758-2o2dwulc author: Daniel, Krupa title: Repeat cesarean section in a COVID-19 positive mother in the United States date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269044-47dmpmo0 author: Fantola, Giovanni title: Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268126-u9z1rir1 author: Ranisch, Robert title: Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268179-bmtfanax author: Fan, Jingchun title: Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268324-86a0n0dc author: Charitos, Ioannis A title: Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268531-igjeai8c author: Zerah, Lorène title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268827-qwcbvtna author: Ibanez, Agustin title: COVID-19 in older people with cognitive impairment in Latin America date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author: Salton, Francesco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268693-td6kvmlq author: Martins, Leila Droprinchinski title: How socio-economic and atmospheric variables impact COVID-19 and Influenza outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268883-nf4fm7r7 author: Corchuelo, Jairo title: Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19. Case Report date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268622-3jireyep author: Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi title: The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268622-3jireyep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268617-1t7yaoct author: Ismaili, Nabil title: COVID-19 and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of International Recommendations date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268753-69d0l60v author: Pan, Zihan title: The role of CARDPC in response to COVID-19 in primary care in China date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268809-plgip4h6 author: Bielecki, Michel title: Social distancing alters the clinical course of COVID-19 in young adults: A comparative cohort study date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268740-ldz5366v author: Sun, Mei title: Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268524-lr51ubz5 author: Droit-Volet, Sylvie title: Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time free, «Dying» of boredom and sadness date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268760-31i0mpvn author: Zhang, Qian title: Anosmia and Ageusia as the Only Indicators of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268817-wx96wwpg author: Karp, Donna Grace title: Sensitive and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using a High-Throughput, Fully Automated Liquid-Handling Robotic System date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268897-vqbreyna author: Song, Young Goo title: COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269202-re2djjrc author: Sapino, Anna title: The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268814-pk3gpumm author: Wasser, Lauren M. title: Response of ophthalmologists in Israel to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269083-8mjdb9yj author: Muhović, Damir title: First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269301-3e5uxunm author: Yilmaz, Resul title: Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268840-m3fp9q3p author: Sahu, Ankit Kumar title: Lung sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268948-1ns6zi27 author: Shi, Yaling title: Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269105-yuphgyrn author: Dumantepe, Mert title: Subsegmental Thrombus in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Immunothrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Data Analysis of Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269009-0i2bvt77 author: D’Souza, Rohan title: A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269328-ypjc5v60 author: Kamran, Aziz title: The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268937-j2ov5nes author: Otuonye, N. M. title: CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269241-6mf5572t author: López-Feldman, Alejandro title: Environmental Impacts and Policy Responses to Covid-19: A View from Latin America date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269344-7ik9e5m4 author: Gerussi, Alessio title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in autoimmune hepatitis: a lesson from immunosuppressed patients date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268952-3j43p9j3 author: Ueda Oshima, Masumi title: Blood and marrow transplantation during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic: the Seattle approach date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269283-jm18lj5t author: Uddin, Md Bashir title: Ancestral origin, antigenic resemblance and epidemiological insights of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Global burden and Bangladesh perspective date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269593-ipxwf4pv author: Aisenberg, Gabriel M. title: A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268816-nth3o6ot author: Roy, Satyaki title: Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268940-8th4ij8i author: Romito, Francesca title: Psychological Distress in Outpatients With Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt author: Zhang, Yuan title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269130-zsem29ss author: Lingappan, K. title: Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: why are children overwhelmingly spared? date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269445-dctx9c7w author: Razanamahery, J. title: Predictive factors of poor outcomes in the COVID-19 epidemic: Consider the inflammatory response date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268718-tt07cwrf author: Tan, Heng Wee title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269469-7pmnxi9a author: Bikdeli, Behnood title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Randomized trials should set the balance between excitement and evidence date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268939-ws74xprt author: Ozoner, Baris title: Neurosurgery Practice During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269566-mgzal1th author: Carmody, Sean title: When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269031-sz8ieltb author: Solé, G title: Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269090-o93gxlzx author: Sciortino, Rosalia title: Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269077-gz7jxidl author: Hamidi, Shima title: Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268822-o86zpu92 author: Anser, Muhammad Khalid title: Communicable Diseases (Including COVID-19)—Induced Global Depression: Caused by Inadequate Healthcare Expenditures, Population Density, and Mass Panic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269206-160ddfsc author: Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title: Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269484-jjbctg96 author: Piraux, Arthur title: Covigie, une plateforme pour les soignants et les coordonnateurs d’équipes de soins date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269972-p9lbgxr4 author: Imoto, W title: Coronavirus disease with multiple infarctions date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269280-1zbxjmxu author: Shao, Connie title: The COVID trolley dilemma date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268884-oi5l5f7f author: Shevlin, Mark title: Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269526-3npk3u5t author: Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat title: Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269825-k685efoh author: Hu, Parker title: Early comprehensive testing for COVID-19 is essential to protect trauma centers date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269825-k685efoh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269528-m8i1ss4w author: Poortmans, Philip M title: Cancer and COVID-19: what do we really know? date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269101-7altkx5u author: Jakhmola Mani, Ruchi title: Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268721-n6dsc4ig author: Pawlowski, Colin title: Inference from longitudinal laboratory tests characterizes temporal evolution of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269408-6qncy0nd author: Khonyongwa, Kirstin title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268483-joiajgs4 author: Shah, Vibhuti Kumar title: Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269503-ij4u980v author: Amaratunga, Eluwana A title: Bradycardia in Patients With COVID-19: A Calm Before the Storm? date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269659-a1gf76bu author: Hong, W. title: Celebrex adjuvant therapy on COVID-19: An experimental study date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269554-fzu6dy4e author: Hussein, M. H. title: Asthma in COVID-19: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269537-h3lzl1un author: Banerjee, Aditi title: Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269440-6x19xuy3 author: Seo, Min Young title: Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269197-o9xb30vx author: Osserman, Jordan title: Waiting for other people: a psychoanalytic interpretation of the time for action date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269981-xm0by310 author: Shen, Cheng title: Perioperative preparation in thoracic day surgery: Battle against COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269981-xm0by310.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269417-dtu7711x author: Hirashima, Tomonori title: Factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients: A retrospective single-center study date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269425-e9iyso7n author: Bhattacharjee, Sukrita title: Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269895-a4xja2t5 author: Chen, Xue-Yan title: TNFα inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268561-vq1uhj5i author: da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro title: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269826-l44xbgok author: Wills, Timothy T. title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269087-f9hyntvf author: Li, X. title: A Mini Review on Current Clinical and Research Findings for Children Suffering from COVID-19 date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269453-30l6rzgo author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270112-o2exvfy5 author: Ferrarese, Carlo title: An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID) date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270011-fmetxqqf author: Lasheras, Isabel title: Uso de antipalúdicos en el tratamiento del COVID-19: ¿una ventana de oportunidad? date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269347-oc2pb00b author: Ahmad, I. title: Guillain Barr e syndrome in COVID-19:A scoping review date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270254-dp7z1kla author: Inzitari, Marco title: How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269914-75to9xr2 author: Jansson, Miia title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268779-qbn3i2nq author: Alrasheed, Hend title: COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269275-b7xxk48t author: Tang, Xiaojia title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269827-h7qxodvh author: Mukhtar, Psychol. Sonia title: Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269873-4hxwo5kt author: R., Mohammadi title: Transfer Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269511-bfd1dmt3 author: Salacup, Grace title: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID‐19 Patients in an Underserved‐Inner City Population: A Single Tertiary Center Cohort date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270021-8obqdbh9 author: Percy, Edward title: Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare? date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269970-tnnpo6hu author: Musa, Hassan H title: L’impact psychologique silencieux de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Soudan date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270079-vwnzp6zj author: Galanis, Nikiforos title: Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection: a case of acute upper limb ischemia date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269428-0cusg8d1 author: Sari, Dina Keumala title: Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270232-ln7iil5y author: Bergman, Yoav S. title: COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270419-krrd074l author: Falkenhain‐López, Daniel title: SARS‐Coronavirus‐2 and acute urticaria date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270419-krrd074l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269792-yth3t2cf author: Qiu, Ruijin title: Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 based on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269726-z0frgm7s author: Gidari, Anna title: Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269900-7mzyib4r author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270422-2xqptne5 author: Kobsa, Serge title: Commentary: A Pandemic Blueprint for Planning Your Act and Acting Your Plan date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269969-xl1ooxoj author: Duong, Tuyen Van title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269850-5pidolqb author: Maghdid, Halgurd S. title: A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269771-hffxb7bm author: Cheung, Ka Shing title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270465-9jp0xw7j author: Ono, Yoshitaka title: Asthma exacerbation associated with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269563-2979u47a author: Caetano Silva-Filho, José title: The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269563-2979u47a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269316-1nlpo42a author: Mansfield, K. E. title: COVID-19 collateral: Indirect acute effects of the pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270467-es6dnx36 author: Frisardi, Vincenza title: Commentary: Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269690-6r2bfydw author: De Lorenzo, Rebecca title: Residual clinical damage after COVID-19: A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270327-v4td3zsa author: Atallah, Bassam title: A Marker of Systemic Inflammation or Direct Cardiac Injury: Should Cardiac Troponin Levels be Monitored in COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn author: Erokhin, Vasilii title: Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270238-5esd2eti author: Tian, T. title: Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 2692 counties of the United States date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270322-jkvo8s3f author: Singh, Jasvinder A. title: Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270214-5bjow148 author: Tan, Winson Jianhong title: Safe Colorectal Surgery in the COVID-19 Era – A Singapore Experience date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270214-5bjow148.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp author: Furfaro, Federica title: SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author: Kergaßner, Andreas title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author: Machluf, Yossy title: Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270184-bq5p2gs6 author: Alrubaiee, Gamil Ghaleb title: Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269856-6h3j89wn author: Paolo Fadini, Gian title: Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270611-4hfn12hh author: Grossi, Enzo title: Guidelines for the Perplexed: How to Maximize Colonoscopy Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270046-bxtez39p author: Bourion-Bédès, Stéphanie title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on students in a French region severely affected by the disease: results of the PIMS-CoV 19 study date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270481-rrpqz0uy author: Hays, Russell title: Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270122-xijsj0d8 author: Hogan, Robert Edward title: COVID-19 in Patients With Seizures and Epilepsy: Interpretation of Relevant Knowledge of Presenting Signs and Symptoms date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269643-12qm4h9w author: Liu, Pai title: Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns” date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270083-gm8i9olj author: Jang, Jong Geol title: Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws author: Park, You Jeong title: Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270509-roc93m4f author: Radhakrishnan, Suma title: Guidelines for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270124-tqhkzd2w author: Campos, Fábio Guilherme title: General recommendations to the colorectal surgeon during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270290-i4p4p0o4 author: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan title: Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270336-x1up9nvp author: Filatov, Asia title: Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269909-1cso5cl4 author: Amatya, Shaili title: Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270518-750vhgwo author: Nappi, Carmela title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging for ischemic heart disease date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270019-er70ehk4 author: Yang, Kunyu title: Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270654-cz2y6ta9 author: Deftereos, Spyridon G. title: The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270511-eugkdh6k author: Grossman, Ephraim S. title: COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270614-4q7itegc author: Bisaillon, Laura title: Clever COVID-19, Clever Citizens-98: Critical and Creative Reflections from Tehran, Toronto, and Sydney date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270475-mkpn9tz6 author: Requena, Manuel title: COVID-19 and Stroke: incidence and etiological description in a high-volume center. date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270525-nmebqrb1 author: Núñez-Velasco, Santiago title: Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Non-COVID-19 Designated Latin-American Neurosurgery Department date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270245-zziwb2jy author: Russell, Beth title: Factors Affecting COVID-19 Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A First Report From Guy's Cancer Center in London date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270399-yfko8mpc author: Foster, Allison title: It’s complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270983-2m38duq4 author: Schuivens, Puck M.E. title: Impact of the COVID-19 lock down strategy on vascular surgery practice: more major amputations than usual date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270116-r2rnnsfh author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270897-fywmv7jg author: Pattanakuhar, Sintip title: A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270249-miys1fve author: Liu, Xianbo title: COVID-19: data-driven dynamics, statistical and distributed delay models, and observations date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270249-miys1fve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270858-ozvdz9ew author: Altmann, Daniel M title: What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270896-uw59kk4y author: Benson, Nicole M title: COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270933-ecmg8kti author: Ali, Ashaq title: COVID-19: Clinical aspects and therapeutics responses date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271220-sntawlnf author: Tadic, Marijana title: COVID‐19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence? date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in author: Woods, Eric Taylor title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271221-aoc61qy5 author: Markowitz, Kenneth title: Fever and other clinical indicators may fail to detect COVID-19 infected individuals date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270951-6nq3jwgr author: Amerio, Paolo title: COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Should we fear for patients treated with biologics? date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270723-cjfglili author: Fteiha, Bashar title: QTc prolongation among hydroxychloroquine sulfate‐treated COVID‐19 patients: An observational study date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270723-cjfglili.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270528-3rsv3jlh author: Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh title: The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe? date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270784-cmhtpxz7 author: Thorakkattil, Shabeer A. title: Structural and operational redesigning of patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services and its effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270987-7vm6heh1 author: Al-Awadhi, Abdullah M. title: Death and contagious infectious diseases: Impact of the COVID-19 virus on stock market returns date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270628-jtj30v0r author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270799-2pmpspuj author: Zayet, Souheil title: Clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza: A comparative study on Nord Franche-Comte cluster date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270868-4s3q2i6v author: Collins, Lauren F. title: Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270922-7z0n78ja author: Lee, You Hyun title: Characteristics of Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu Province, Korea date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270519-orh8fd1c author: Oliveira, A. C. S. d. title: Bayesian modeling of COVID-19 cases with a correction to account for under-reported cases date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270740-3su8pc3f author: Sultan, Sherif title: COVID-19 Cytokine Storm and Novel Truth date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271048-tq1sk01g author: Ellis, R. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271416-53qxs7ge author: Zhou, Kehua title: Towards precision management of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 to reduce mortality date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270669-hng8ivz2 author: Li, R. title: Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection from event attendance: Results from Louisiana, USA, two weeks preceding the national emergency declaration date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270425-1ughypnx author: Louis-Jean, James title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270742-kzo879gu author: Naeem, Syed title: Successful recovery from COVID‐19 in three kidney transplant recipients who received convalescent plasma therapy date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270935-t9pym9k0 author: Dumyati, Ghinwa title: Does Universal Testing for COVID-19 Work for Everyone? date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271186-82q22u6i author: Picichè, Marco title: Cardiac Involvment in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Inflammatory Syndromes date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271582-xo2a4wnj author: Chew, Christopher title: Medical ethics in the era of COVID‐19: Now and the future date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270934-vzsdvrwo author: Raza, Azra title: Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271062-ev2efm10 author: Fransawy Alkomos, Mina title: COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Bilateral Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in a Young Healthy Female date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270721-81axdn0g author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Emergence of Voluntary Citizen Networks to Circumvent Urban Health Data Sharing Restrictions During Pandemics date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270474-jaurhjvr author: Xiang, Zhen title: Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270781-f9nra823 author: Gulia, Ashish title: Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270781-f9nra823.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271174-886xc1n3 author: Lipworth, Brian title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in Susceptible Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271363-nsjn05q0 author: Page, Matthew J. title: ‘One more time’: why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271187-rlevoj41 author: Vijh, Rohit title: Serological Survey following SARS-COV-2 Outbreaks at Long Term Care Facilities in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia: Implications for Outbreak Management and Infection Control Policies date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271212-y8denvju author: Xu, Xia title: Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271212-y8denvju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270885-wkczsrgu author: O'Donoghue, Cathal title: Modelling the Distributional impact of the Covid‐19 Crisis(1) date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271525-sgrr0mat author: Sinha, Rahul title: Infantile spasms and COVID-19: Challenges and solutions in resource-limited settings date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271308-nypkr537 author: Drexler, Richard title: Involvement of Medical Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271308-nypkr537.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271235-rsewj2mv author: Morgul, Ebru title: COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271840-cw2xy1m6 author: Majmundar, Neil title: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Acute Ischemic Stroke date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271168-a9sf8f4p author: Montaner, Joan title: Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271262-xglhx928 author: Ghia, Samit title: “ANESTHESIA STAT” TO INTUBATE A COVID-19 PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271262-xglhx928.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271142-ncmr955j author: Brandariz-Nuñez, D. title: Interacciones medicamentosas potenciales en pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271404-tu8u1b1d author: Gaunkar, Ridhima B title: COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270591-0szbkhiz author: Shi, Chen title: Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271407-wrhjnz8w author: Greco, Francesco title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality-of-life in uro-oncologic patients: what should we wait for? date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271528-ob4l0bcf author: Bar-Zeev, Naor title: COVID-19 vaccines: early success and remaining challenges date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271483-33kuvpl7 author: Shojaei, Amirahmad title: COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271810-7uzk4pi9 author: Soriano, Joan B. title: Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270530-abiuiiff author: Fan, D.-P. title: Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Scans date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271042-0ilj86y9 author: Bonanad, Clara title: Coronavirus: la emergencia geriátrica de 2020. Documento conjunto de la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271764-um001ffd author: Garraud, Olivier title: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma against COVID-19? What about the evidence base and clinical trials? date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271764-um001ffd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271653-4q2olzx1 author: Libby, Peter title: The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander? date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271575-n70rqs8c author: Jager, Kitty J. title: Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe. date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271469-lozvq3y6 author: Shaikh, Faiq title: Current landscape of Imaging and the potential role for Artificial intelligence in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author: Skali, Hicham title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271295-24rn45rf author: Shoja, Esmail title: Covid-19 effects on the workload of Iranian healthcare workers date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271089-xzckxnv8 author: Lifshits, M. title: COVID-19 mortality rate in Russia: forecasts and reality evaluation date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270866-olc5r2yx author: Mallet, Jasmina title: Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272071-445ivhx0 author: Wunsch, Hannah title: Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271855-k8zlptas author: Davis, Corey S. title: Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic - and Beyond date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271930-9a18h2tr author: Licari, Amelia title: Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271813-nroflfmc author: Deng, Wang title: Positive results for patients with COVID-19 discharged form hospital in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271814-a2vlkwce author: Brough, Helen A. title: Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271432-pn02p843 author: Banerjee, Tannista title: U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271432-pn02p843.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271337-2ioap802 author: Tang, Xiao title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1 date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271337-2ioap802.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271698-n9qd14oe author: Dy, Louie Florendo title: A COVID-19 infection risk model for frontline health care workers date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271871-8grkln6o author: Singer, J. S. title: Low Prevalence (0.13%) of COVID-19 Infection in Asymptomatic Pre-operative/Pre-procedure Patients at a Large Academic Medical Center Informs Approaches to Perioperative Care date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272054-9udb4djk author: Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram title: Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270828-h9tgkboe author: Huang, V. S. title: Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271980-8x5g8r7c author: Yao, Ye title: Ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution and spread ability of COVID-19 in Chinese cities date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272310-imvxrroc author: Nyholm, Silvia title: Invasive mechanical ventilation in a former preterm infant with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author: Bailey, Stacy Cooper title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271906-2nm55024 author: Quincho-Lopez, Alvaro title: Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271906-2nm55024.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272137-enfxk1ku author: Choo, Esther K title: COVID-19 fault lines date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271957-osaycpe8 author: Zuin, Marco title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author: Zheng, Lei title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272015-1anph6qi author: Dauby, Nicolas title: The unfinished story of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: the right anti-inflammatory dose at the right moment? date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272200-wkifto2o author: Rubin, G James title: Improving adherence to ‘test, trace and isolate’ date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271896-1ad18z11 author: Janowitz, Tobias title: Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271781-cfv0ta10 author: Patel, Kishan P. title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271889-qlmp0qul author: Bhat, Roopa title: Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271870-8v9w3sps author: Lee, David title: Testing on the Move South Korea’s rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272112-egsha2j7 author: Tartarone, Alfredo title: COVID-19 and cancer care: what do international guidelines say? date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271944-oxtus5vb author: Joseph, Rudman title: Seizure And COVID-19: Association and Review of Potential Mechanism date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271032-imc6woht author: Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas title: Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271032-imc6woht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272537-ivqmw0dy author: Smilowitz, Nathaniel R. title: Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Viral Respiratory Infections versus COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272270-cfpd45qf author: Li, H. title: Utah-Stanford Ventilator (Vent4US): Developing a rapidlyscalable ventilator for COVID-19 patients with ARDS date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272494-du3y82pq author: Abbas, Abdul-Rahman title: Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271887-blwrpf38 author: Sampa, Masuda Begum title: Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272178-g1mfkrz2 author: Akoluk, Arda title: Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272314-6suu8n75 author: Hetland, Breanna title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272457-vbqj0bj0 author: Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy title: Markers of coagulation dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272128-93tmtji8 author: Becher, Yael title: D-dimer and C-reactive Protein Blood Levels Over Time Used to Predict Pulmonary Embolism in Two COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272426-0bpod47w author: GEMCIOGLU, Emin title: Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272295-9sonr8or author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Objective Olfactory Findings in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272509-os02hlf1 author: Burns, Graham P title: Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272427-jqs00ilp author: Li, Yu-xuan title: The impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective study date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272681-u3p0hsla author: Vargas-Gandica, Jair title: Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272546-zznm13ik author: Van den Eynde, Jef title: Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272444-3qm29srx author: Courtney, Alona title: CRC COVID: Colorectal Cancer Services during COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol for service evaluation date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272303-6s0qr4e6 author: Kriaucioniene, Vilma title: Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272219-w4lyryr7 author: Chate, Rodrigo Caruso title: Presentation of pulmonary infection on CT in COVID-19: initial experience in Brazil date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272715-33c85eaa author: Ma, R. C. W. title: COVID‐19 and diabetes date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272846-pkhu2zvt author: Capasso Palamim, Camila Vantini title: COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272300-ck301hcu author: Chahrour, Mohamad title: A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272553-bcmta2he author: Wang, Zhiqiang title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272445-0xauff51 author: Naaber, Paul title: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272445-0xauff51.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272630-2na1gndu author: Benito, Daniel A. title: Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272737-m05f4eml author: Ko, Jane P. title: Pulmonary COVID-19: Multimodality Imaging Examples date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author: De Lorenzo, Antonino title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272916-q8zjrodm author: Arasteh, Peyman title: A surge in methanol poisoning amid COVID-19 pandemic: why is this occurring? date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272195-c4xypzdx author: Alahmad, Barrak title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273017-9yni18cl author: Lau, Lincoln Leehang title: COVID-19 response strategies: considering inequalities between and within countries date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272491-a84pahdr author: Maron-Gutierrez, Tatiana title: Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272154-nrm9ulj5 author: Gupta, Ravi title: Guidelines of the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) for Practice of Sleep Medicine during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272872-w592wmvr author: Banerjee, Sourav title: A Preliminary Report of COVID-19 in Children in India date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0 author: Lu, Quan title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271867-n563yqw4 author: Falicov, Celia title: Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272318-8yfg1j0o author: Reddy, Sujan T. title: Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271920-1dzkgt6w author: Carpenter, Christopher R. title: Diagnosing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Exam, Labs, Imaging Accuracy and Biases date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272778-aixiioii author: Chen, Qingqing title: Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272778-aixiioii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272452-tfj8j9ww author: Berger, Jeffrey S. title: Prevalence and Outcomes of D-Dimer Elevation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272067-241tx1v7 author: González-Blanco, Leticia title: COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls? date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272757-pyl89jqk author: Sarhan, A. R. title: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iraq: The First Wave and Future Scenario date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271425-ysdw31nq author: Carson, R. T. title: COVID-19's U.S. Temperature Response Profile date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272843-fis10xbi author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272726-ljjirt4g author: Brethauer, Stacy A. title: Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author: Bertsimas, D. title: From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272395-ygtqbqjf author: González-Fernández, Jorge title: Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272720-isqc0bv8 author: Keil, Evan J. title: Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273200-hoqpkdqo author: Gold, Azgad title: COVID-19 and involuntary hospitalisation: navigating the challenge date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272772-zqmychmr author: Stall, Nathan M. title: Finding the Right Balance: An Evidence-Informed Guidance Document to Support the Re-Opening of Canadian Nursing Homes to Family Caregivers and Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272585-346ef6qy author: Lombardi, JM title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272909-n6wfe1of author: Peng, Shu title: Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273050-reez33md author: Wang, Zhenling title: Type I IFN deficiency: an immunological characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273050-reez33md.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273050-reez33md.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273050-reez33md.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272828-13i2y9kc author: Bagheri, Seyed Hamidreza title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272989-14exeaud author: Dawoud, Dalia title: Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272989-14exeaud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272573-wxqly479 author: Maia Chagas, Andre title: Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272573-wxqly479.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272566-rtnhndw3 author: Robertson, M. title: A national prospective cohort study of SARS/COV2 pandemic outcomes in the U.S.: The CHASING COVID Cohort date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273150-bz617ovx author: John, Teny M. title: Migratory Pulmonary Infiltrates in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection and the Role of Corticosteroids date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272419-y3ebt4jm author: Monari, Caterina title: A Focus on the Nowadays Potential Antiviral Strategies in Early Phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272975-gzsd4ybt author: Antony, Arun title: Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273114-eanwxkvt author: Perrone, Serafina title: Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272961-z0pbah73 author: Zhang, Jie title: Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273093-u79r80ip author: Laforge, Mireille title: Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272796-7br822q3 author: Shang, Luxiang title: Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Severe Infection and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272796-7br822q3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272958-0jw75vsm author: Liu, Ai-Ling title: COVID-19 with asthma: A case report date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273477-ifhgbm2e author: Lee, Joon Kee title: Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273044-ikk9d6wz author: Knio, Ziyad O title: Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273036-nrc35akc author: Zou, Xiaojing title: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272654-hh29olk7 author: Bošnjak, Berislav title: Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273262-1vqp188q author: Lal, Amos title: CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273308-rocbfx62 author: Siguret, Virginie title: Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr author: Al-Anzi, Bader S. title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273315-el2qjtqc author: Wang, Ying title: Cerebrovascular disease is associated with the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273416-332stbjl author: Liu, Tianyuan title: Transcriptional differences for COVID-19 Disease Map genes between males and females indicate a different basal immunophenotype relevant to the disease date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273416-332stbjl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273022-r2rz2onv author: Primov-Fever, Adi title: Songbirds Must Sing: How Artistic Voice Users Perceive Their Voice in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273322-zz733a0k author: ZHAO, Yang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273138-bjm7v26f author: Tao, Pei-Yao title: Determination of risk factors for predicting the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273493-xsroivzj author: Manalo, Iviensan F. title: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author: Zheng, Fang title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author: Latz, Christopher A. title: Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272995-yvj2pqh1 author: Bergman, Christian title: Recommendations for Welcoming Back Nursing Home Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Delphi Panel date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273213-b3nla9di author: Liu, Jing title: Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273283-gb0m6fue author: Altschul, David J. title: A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273175-bao8xxe2 author: Tran, Viet-Thi title: COVID-19–related perceptions, context and attitudes of adults with chronic conditions: Results from a cross-sectional survey nested in the ComPaRe e-cohort date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273235-jxsldz4o author: Kennelly, Sean P title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273349-penb65x7 author: Zhang, Chao title: Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273349-penb65x7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273541-47n8i2qg author: Mena Lora, Alfredo J. title: Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273522-ygd19p05 author: Rothrock, Robert J. title: By the Numbers Analysis of COVID-19’s Effect on a Neurosurgical Residency at the Epicenter date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273269-bjgfm73q author: Meyer, Christian Johannes title: The market-reach of pandemics: Evidence from female workers in Ethiopia’s ready-made garment industry date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272600-0uklma5w author: Loi, Kim Ieng title: Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neo-institutional theory – The case of Macao date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272933-b2phq37e author: Alonso Tabares, Diego title: An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273495-hruq0hdw author: Waffo Tchounga, C.A. title: Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271504-t3y1w9ef author: Luo, Zichao title: Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273318-82ptu8fi author: Prats-Uribe, A. title: Heterogeneity and temporal variation in the management of COVID-19: a multinational drug utilization study including 71,921 hospitalized patients from China, South Korea, Spain, and the United States of America date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273554-dm3mwbyp author: Dhuyvetter, Amanda title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: The Experience at an Urban Safety Net Hospital date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273356-1ius4ksa author: Sauceda, John A title: Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273598-6hk2oxj9 author: Metcalfe, Peter E. title: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: brief review of the evidence date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273005-kab6f157 author: Longhurst, Georga J. title: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273005-kab6f157.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273775-ncfzz3kh author: Drissi, Farouk title: Re: “Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation”. As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273331-pu4cr3bh author: Pinkham, Amy E. title: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Individuals with Pre-existing Severe Mental Illnesses date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273176-7z6e5jhh author: Agarwal, A. title: Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in India: An open-label parallel-arm phase II multicentre randomized controlled trial (PLACID Trial) date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273492-i483r91m author: Fulzele, Sadanand title: COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273492-i483r91m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273644-m6cub4sx author: Zhang, Yimin title: A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273930-4asx0dq3 author: Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer title: Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273646-ne7qfjd6 author: Shan Chan, Christine Hui title: Safeguarding Non-COVID-19 Research: Looking Up from Ground Zero date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273774-mg0wq9g0 author: Votto, Martina title: How pediatric resident’s life has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273602-cq276tj8 author: Bavishi, Chirag title: Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273604-0w5shxmf author: Psevdos, George title: Halting a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a U.S. Veterans Affairs Nursing Home date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273741-ipnt6g0i author: Khan, Adeel A title: Fluid Replacement Versus Fluid Restriction in COVID-19 Associated Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273689-gvzvvrfx author: Huang, Jiaofeng title: Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID‐19 independent of age and co‐morbidity date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273556-rvo0vyk3 author: Zhang, Kui title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273641-8l57mnjt author: Sadr, Sara title: Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273794-gvjwvabm author: Palomar-Ciria, Nora title: SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM. date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273553-xp4nfnq3 author: Ramatillah, D. L. title: TREATMENT PROFILES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN JAKARTA date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273638-mmlwh87u author: Tso, Ivy F. title: Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273829-t5cuop5c author: Görgülü, Özkan title: rRT-PCR Results of a Covid-19 Diagnosed Geriatric Patient date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274018-x50yiq10 author: Gemici, Cengiz title: Covid-19 outbreak in a major radiation oncology department; which lessons should be taken? date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274043-ifr0oo7u author: Rozzini, Renzo title: The COVID Grim Reaper date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273426-55vu6b3u author: Iba, Toshiaki title: Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273433-0014ih0d author: Jelinek, Lena title: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During COVID-19: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity? date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273772-nolyx9g3 author: Calder-Gerver, G. D. title: Real-Time Monitoring of COVID-19 in Scotland date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273968-ym79axlo author: Di Renzo, Gian Carlo title: COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Consider Thromboembolic Disorders and Thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273618-klj6asdz author: Jain, Ankur title: Potential ‘significance’ of monoclonal gammopathy of ‘undetermined significance’ during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273816-4sxe7s03 author: Xing, Q.-Q. title: Liver Chemistries in COVID-19 Patients with Survival or Death: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273833-yf8kt84e author: Mejia, Rojelio title: Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273907-58jufmx7 author: Shen, Kun-Ling title: Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance recommendation to strengthen prevention of pediatric seasonal influenza under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274027-ovdhnajp author: Gyasi, Razak M. title: Rethinking the Gendered Dimensions in the Impacts and Response to COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273656-xo82zyi6 author: Burry, Lisa D. title: It Takes a Village… Contending with Drug Shortages During Disasters date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273725-0i0xg7gv author: Gao, Y. title: Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author: Soofi, Moslem title: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273758-hhd8xnve author: Ciardullo, S. title: Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274100-0d2u23nv author: Rochon, Paula A. title: The Missing Pieces of the COVID‐19 Puzzle date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274147-jvymoene author: Collins, Obiora C. title: Estimating the impact of lock-down, quarantine and sensitization in a COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274147-jvymoene.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273869-buavj9mm author: Rosés-Gibert, Pau title: Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274230-old0xmcc author: Zhao, Qianwen title: Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274353-tzlcpx7q author: McDermott, Amy title: Inner Workings: Molecular biologists offer “wartime service” in the effort to test for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273815-7ftztaqn author: Gupta, R. K. title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274251-2x1nltpn author: Doran, S.L.F. title: COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273965-ma1rwkdq author: Omonzejele, Peter F. title: Preserving Bodily Integrity of Deceased Patients From the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in West Africa date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273811-ymnvwwjw author: Rubio-Rivas, M. title: Beneficial and Harmful Outcomes of Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273828-557vlq9d author: Brito, Carlos Antunes title: Mechanisms and consequences of COVID-19 associated liver injury: What can we affirm? date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274328-ea1ehsnq author: Assaker, Rita title: Presenting symptoms of COVID-19 in children: a meta-analysis of published studies date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274250-95yzt1gj author: Mortaz, Esmaeil title: Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274053-406dfdih author: Srivastava, Kamna title: Association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274053-406dfdih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273601-icituitn author: Liu, M. title: Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273601-icituitn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273601-icituitn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273601-icituitn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274182-7z2tb0ll author: Veerabathini, Bala C title: An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author: Goel, Sunny title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273913-xem3alih author: Marraha, Farah title: A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273913-xem3alih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274203-urqed43m author: Katal, Sanaz title: Chest-CT findings of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing malignancies; a pictorial review date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274203-urqed43m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273567-8fp3a9h8 author: Zipprich, Hannah M. title: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274150-ukdha3ap author: Choi, Jun Yong title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author: Yadav, Uday Narayan title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274343-y9zqbefu author: Petersen, Irene title: Three Quarters of People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection are Asymptomatic: Analysis of English Household Survey Data date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274324-obhrbxu4 author: Tian, Wenjie title: Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274581-mdk7vu36 author: Grande, Giuseppe title: COVID-19 and the Gastrointestinal System: Lesions Beyond the Symptoms? date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273778-68wxa782 author: Lawal, Olanrewaju title: Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273778-68wxa782.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274491-921orhjg author: Chau, Vinh Q. title: The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274491-921orhjg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274503-9ccgcrvd author: Nasta, Amrit Manik title: Impact of COVID-19 on General Surgical Practice in India date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273897-hkt322bt author: Seijts, Gerard title: The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273614-qmp2tqtb author: Tahir, Faryal title: Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273998-e7m5g242 author: Que, Jianyu title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274282-hvx5m2bx author: Liu, Yang title: Association between ages and clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273587-nja58vxw author: Rendeiro, A. F. title: Longitudinal immune profiling of mild and severe COVID-19 reveals innate and adaptive immune dysfunction and provides an early prediction tool for clinical progression date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274470-82nhmusm author: Ricciardi, Gabriella title: Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274008-p3st70u3 author: Mann, E. R. title: Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274558-1k7bi6ng author: Moiseev, Sergey title: Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author: Ramiro, Sofia title: Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274313-mrvk9r4w author: Li, Hui title: SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274264-s477tw3x author: Shen, M. title: Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274498-fa16vl9i author: Ravioli, Svenja title: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274199-3stjueja author: Baldi, Enrico title: COVID-19 kills at home: the close relationship between the epidemic and the increase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274199-3stjueja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274184-hm516x6p author: Elli, Luca title: Endoscopy during the Covid-19 outbreak: experience and recommendations from a single center in a high-incidence scenario date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274368-s1h3p5s9 author: Carter, B. title: Nosocomial COVID-19 infection: examining the risk of mortality. The COPE-Nosocomial study (COVID in Older PEople). date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274339-gj9wjkoo author: Swanson, D. A. title: A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274554-vtg6l651 author: Essadek, Aziz title: Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274007-zndtddty author: Rasmussen, Sonja A. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know date: 2020-02-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274007-zndtddty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274517-9lewc581 author: Litchman, Graham H. title: The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274517-9lewc581.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274448-lzxhtnfi author: Chua, Alfredo title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274602-q9i2k304 author: Iqbal, Yousaf title: Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274562-0mtwbwkk author: Olesen, Bente title: Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274510-fo7p98np author: Spadera, Lucrezia title: Potential Role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: lesson learned from HIV date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273505-pcsw3vmx author: Liu, Xiaosheng title: High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274702-x032pcwx author: Huang, Yu-Xi title: The database-based strategy may overstate the potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274494-heu6rmbt author: Pablos, Jose L title: Prevalence of hospital PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274816-6xpma224 author: Onal, Merih title: Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children? date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274816-6xpma224.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274416-bmvazgj7 author: Trevisanuto, Daniele title: Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274326-msbdrp3e author: Ren, Xiaohan title: Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274284-mi4n7xty author: Pang, Khang Wen title: Frequency and Clinical Utility of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274632-d9z0m2l8 author: Chenna, Avantika title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274628-xu18zf4l author: Ros, Maxime title: Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274677-7kcoodyv author: Dobson, Hanna title: Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274710-ee780qe4 author: Spencer, Robert title: COVID-19 and the young heart: what are we missing? date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274668-lh7c9izt author: Wang, Chaofu title: Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274918-dkl41b60 author: Kwee, Thomas C. title: The “crisis after the crisis”: the time is now to prepare your radiology department date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273045-ele1cz86 author: Johnson, Claire D. title: Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274443-r6ponjr4 author: Lawson, Monica title: Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Consequences of Parental Job Loss on Psychological and Physical Abuse Towards Children date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274570-dcewfkmi author: Zhang, Xiao-Bo title: Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274715-dcs1rgd0 author: Mani Mishra, Pushpendra title: Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274966-m2cw8hzb author: Ndiaye, Mor title: Procédure de dépistage d’une infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail structuré africain date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274459-781by93r author: Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274459-781by93r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274862-x580ktas author: Thomaier, L. title: Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274862-x580ktas.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275090-2gwv0vbs author: Odone, Anna title: The first 10,000 COVID-19 papers in perspective: Are we publishing what we should be publishing? date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274849-awv8sp8m author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title: COVID-19 and mortality in doctors date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274871-jlquvz51 author: Nori, Priya title: Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275068-yr076sl6 author: Ayoub, Fares title: Football and COVID-19 risk: correlation is not causation date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274268-0ucqp3uz author: Chorus, Caspar title: Diabolical dilemmas of COVID-19: An empirical study into Dutch society’s trade-offs between health impacts and other effects of the lockdown date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh author: Holmes, Emily A title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274761-c2hgkbg6 author: Rosenberg, Eli S. title: Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274521-u8p5lz9o author: Lee, Abby C. title: Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274666-0d8oz51l author: Han, Yi title: Lactate dehydrogenase, an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective and observational study date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274542-fpzk5k79 author: Patti, Giuseppe title: Questions and Answers on Practical Thrombotic Issues in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Guidance Document from the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274563-jimw6skv author: Fiumara, Agata title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and its Psychological Impact on Patients with Rare Lysosomal Diseases date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274707-mxh38hwd author: Laureano, Ana Flávia Santarine title: The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275136-7atkrkhd author: Dolin, Raphael title: Remdesivir — An Important First Step date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274513-0biyfhab author: Baumgartner, M. T. title: Assessing the relative contributions of healthcare protocols for epidemic control: an example with network transmission model for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274934-s8xppipe author: Gebbia, Vittorio title: Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients’ Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275214-mqvw0219 author: Burlacu, Alexandru title: Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275243-knr3mat0 author: Larsen, Kevin title: Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275264-bdtet83d author: Lee, Jong-Koo title: We Cannot Go Back to the Old World, Before Global Pandemic Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Developing New Normal Practices in Society date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275041-fcdwitxy author: Ayerbe, Luis title: The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275238-5fledjac author: Gandolfini, Ilaria title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-275238-5fledjac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275260-xuhxqkyj author: Sardu, Celestino title: Hyperglycaemia on admission to hospital and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275261-t39kofet author: Ghosal, Samit title: Prediction of the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 5–6 weeks date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275261-t39kofet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275228-952w7vx5 author: Sharma, Yuvraj title: COVID-19–Associated Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Report of 2 Cases date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274141-vujx538o author: Chinsembu, Kazhila C. title: Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274141-vujx538o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275253-6pwqa8zk author: Shetty, Sameep S title: 10 “C” in COVID19 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275202-zq4vvini author: Vu, David title: Three unsuspected CT diagnoses of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274860-7ec2jcoq author: Salazar, Eric title: Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274545-r03g7w0b author: Ayele Mega, Teshale title: The Outcome of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275111-38hgg0jz author: Kumar, Abhishek title: Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275319-j36gnu0e author: Joob, B. title: COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275274-ptgcd6tm author: Boon, Ian S. title: Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275110-safr9z37 author: Alexander, Paul Elias title: COVID-19 research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275110-safr9z37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author: Falavigna, Maicon title: Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275028-u6s0gr31 author: Karos, Kai title: The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275152-8if8shva author: Olum, R. title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275152-8if8shva.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275556-798oed8n author: Piubelli, Chiara title: Overall decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reduction of clinical burden: the experience of a Northern Italy hospital date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275556-798oed8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275142-40rf3ugf author: Slater, Sandy J. title: Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274834-24v2b509 author: Lima, Rosiane title: Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274834-24v2b509.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275004-qzg03dvg author: Veras, Flavio Protasio title: SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274824-kaefedl1 author: Turski, Waldemar A. title: AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the “Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:” a translational review and therapeutic perspectives date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275272-qdg8sqpy author: Soares-Júnior, José Maria title: Gynecology and women’s health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patient safety in surgery and prevention date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274778-wds40e6i author: Tejedor, Santiago title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275675-gzd75ks9 author: Gee, Siobhan title: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275510-fotolimq author: Sytwu, Huey-Kang title: Expeditious responses to COVID-19 crisis: from governmental management to laboratory approach date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275510-fotolimq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275191-lgze4zex author: Al-Sadeq, Duaa W. title: The incidence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic patients: a systematic review date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author: Hensel, D. J. title: Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275349-b35pt3mo author: Lenz, Heinz-Josef title: The Emergence of Baricitinib: A Story of Tortoises Versus Hares date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275277-q0eghbna author: Zou, Huachun title: How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274841-rcdoewwv author: Tay, Matthew Zirui title: The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275381-343y0bsh author: Guella, Adnane title: Favorable Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Treated with Tocilizumab date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275216-dnt88ycw author: Zhang, Xue-Yan title: Biological, clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS and AutoDock simulation of ACE2 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275531-88iqxzqc author: Yu, Xinyu title: Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275038-zu6xmuql author: Bronte, V. title: Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275336-lnhkux0m author: Marino Gammazza, Antonella title: Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275601-9y5zj9an author: Boutron, Isabelle title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275477-blu6wjhu author: Trimaille, Antonin title: COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembolique veineuse date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275447-nx45kwn6 author: Ehrenpreis, Eli D. title: Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275784-n6jv72l7 author: Spina, Alfio title: The Management Of Neurosurgical Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275557-peo4d1hn author: Musa, Arif title: Addendum to Systematic Review of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275350-m1rv2i11 author: Maserat, Elham title: COVID-19 & an NGO and university developed interactive portal: a perspective from Iran date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275353-ezrmuw48 author: Donma, Mustafa Metin title: The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275391-dmfacaua author: Liu, Yuan title: Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275452-ymimvoq9 author: Ameen, Fuad title: Covid-19 pandemic outburst in Saudi Arabia: A Glimpse date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275185-9br8lwma author: Zeng, Hao title: The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275438-drywzvx8 author: Satış, Hasan title: Prognostic value of interleukin-18 and its association with other inflammatory markers and disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275584-zeqax0il author: Mahil, S. K. title: Risk mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory joint and skin disease during the COVID-19 pandemic differ by treatment type: a cross-sectional patient survey date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275696-xag08e8h author: Dharamsi, A. title: Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid cycle in situ simulation date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275370-bt45gnqk author: Arellano-Cotrina, Josabet Johana title: Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275266-e6omvo5x author: Kort, Nanne P title: Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275924-mmcszoxb author: Drew, David A. title: Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275693-ej76fsxa author: Stanislau Affonso de Araujo, E. title: Teach, and teach and teach: does the average citizen use masks correctly during daily activities? Results from an observational study with more than 12,000 participants date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275721-l6l7bln0 author: Hussain, Azhar title: The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275395-w2u7fq1g author: Romero-Severson, Ethan Obie title: Change in global transmission rates of COVID-19 through May 6 2020 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275833-c3zamfix author: McElligott, Helen title: Hybrid-CERAB (Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of the Aortic Bifurcation) Procedure is preferable to Aorto-Bi-Femoral Bypass for Limb-threatening Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis. date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author: Mao, Kang title: The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275737-jg45bnzq author: Mughal, Z title: Test, test, test – a complication of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 with nasal swabs date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275842-dtdb4yuc author: Nachmias, Vered title: The First Case of Documented Covid-19 Reinfection in Israel date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275880-d53xe5oh author: Halepas, Steven title: A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19. date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275915-fz16sylv author: Liu, Zi-Han title: Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275637-ea6w2kqv author: Roca-Fernandez, A. title: HIGH LIVER FAT ASSOCIATES WITH HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 INFECTION - INITIAL UK BIOBANK OBSERVATIONS date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275506-3t5gf66c author: Agbuduwe, Charles title: Hematolological Manifestations of COVID‐19: From Cytopenia to Coagulopathy date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276083-ds0f0ois author: Pelicioni, Paulo H.S. title: COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think! date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275340-q8d7rvnj author: Sun, JingKang title: Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275866-m89hgf41 author: Li, Ping title: Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275071-2uiaruhg author: Balmford, Ben title: Cross-Country Comparisons of Covid-19: Policy, Politics and the Price of Life date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275754-1thebz19 author: García Bascones, M. title: Luchando contra la covid-19: labor asistencial de los médicos rehabilitadores españoles. Estudio transversal date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275754-1thebz19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276181-5gh0i394 author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276194-4sfc7hal author: Vijayvargiya, Prakhar title: In Reply–The “Perfect Cytokine Storm” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275334-0689o76n author: Amewu, Sena title: The Economic Costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a Simulation Exercise for Ghana date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275334-0689o76n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275303-8mj8gjv9 author: Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo title: Modeling the role of respiratory droplets in Covid-19 type pandemics date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276150-hp174yft author: Basnet, Sangita title: COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276150-hp174yft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275897-j9cwlzxu author: Hashmi, Ali M. title: New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275858-46jzw94p author: Leung, Janice M. title: COVID-19 and COPD date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276225-tv70aakj author: Musolino, Anna Maria title: Lung Ultrasound in Children with COVID-19: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276061-7b8h2sjw author: Zammit, M title: A rise in facial nerve palsies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276295-0w3jz31k author: Chai, A. title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and ‘suppressing’ the pandemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275257-upj8mvzn author: Hwang, E. Shelley title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275711-ejw3ausf author: Mon-López, Daniel title: The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276241-4g6pa7kz author: Yurttaş, Berna title: Characteristics and outcomes of Behçet’s syndrome patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case series of 10 patients date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276014-inv3hsbr author: Wijngaards, Indy title: Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author: Cheng, Matthew P. title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276090-n8c2jpr6 author: Patel, Hiren N. title: Cerebellar Infarction Requiring Surgical Decompression in patient with COVID 19 Pathological Analysis, Brief Review date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276238-2hv46ftk author: Ing, Richard J. title: The role of helmet-delivered noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276303-lgywz9ea author: Rello, Jordi title: COVID-19, steroids and other immunomodulators: The jigsaw is not complete date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276328-08ava9ni author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276237-zqtjjyoq author: Sundar, K. R. Shyam title: COVID-19 and State Failure: A Double Whammy for Trade Unions and Labour Rights date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275853-fym8qze2 author: Yang, Juan title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275978-pezm1tnw author: Riccardo, Flavia title: Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276438-nynri6my author: Lu, Jiade J. title: Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276438-nynri6my.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275595-q1hyxevb author: Ruan, Xiaofeng title: Mechanism of Dayuanyin in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275974-uqd30v7b author: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title: MetaCOVID: A Siamese neural network framework with contrastive loss for n-shot diagnosis of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276013-8dhqa2gj author: Luo, Yung-Hung title: Overview of coronavirus disease 2019: Treatment updates and advances date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276549-r5l4pse8 author: Dastoli, Stefano title: Are erythema multiforme and urticaria related to a better outcome of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276249-9opsg7p2 author: Roberto, Katrina T. title: Electroencephalographic findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276351-cv5th7hd author: Moorlag, Simone J.C.F.M. title: Safety and COVID-19 symptoms in individuals recently vaccinated with BCG: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276529-ol2c7f3x author: Ramasamy, Roshan title: Molecular mechanisms for thrombosis risk in Black people: a role in excess mortality from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275979-cx2h5bsw author: Scutelnic, Adrian title: Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors—Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276401-zsim1pn2 author: Kay, Emma Sophia title: From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276327-wyevh4xv author: Sheng, Calvin C title: Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS‐CoV‐2 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid‐19 cardiac injury: The three C study) date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276720-cltnk0rg author: Montrone, Michele title: Favourable outcome of COVID-19 in an ALK-positive NSCLC patient receiving Alectinib date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276234-2nkeq4ud author: Siedlecki, Jakob title: COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276316-7ot9ds34 author: Lei, Chunliang title: Factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276044-z7rupgfo author: Di Crosta, Adolfo title: Individual Differences, Economic Stability, and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms in the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276592-dsilwfl1 author: Chou, Calvin L title: How COVID-19 Disrupts—and Enhances—My Clinical Work date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276374-i37ygb2z author: Deasy, Jacob title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276199-akoxd44f author: DEFAR, A. title: Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276392-m1bbt8bo author: Asyary, Al title: Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276325-l26sdtxf author: Jheon, Sanghoon title: General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276300-6xy8bwfl author: Sahoo, Swapnajeet title: Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276630-qci7khki author: Lima, William Gustavo title: The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276630-qci7khki.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276264-wgzh3f5m author: Navlakha, S. title: Projecting COVID-19 disease severity in cancer patients using purposefully-designed machine learning date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276524-th6eu11h author: Atallah, Bassam title: Thrombotic events following tocilizumab therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a Façade for prognostic markers date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276829-c1krlejx author: José Antonio, Soriano Sánchez title: EARLY REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE AMONG MEMBERS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETIES date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276879-u39a6nwc author: Crotty, Frances title: Nursing homes: the titanic of cruise ships – will residential aged care facilities survive the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276391-g43ktrj9 author: Browne, Rodrigo A.V. title: Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276359-syr9av09 author: Piva, Simone title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276359-syr9av09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276132-tv5y1eqc author: Ray, Upasana title: COVID-19: The Impact in Oncology Care date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277019-salizr5n author: Horowitz, James M. title: Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277019-salizr5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276267-77903fld author: Al‐Ani, Aysha H. title: Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276267-77903fld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276267-77903fld.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276267-77903fld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275867-qm7y3thy author: Hassan, Suzan B. title: COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276984-npgalqoz author: Dahl Mathiasen, Victor title: Uneventful case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276711-y74zr7fn author: Winthrop, Kevin L title: To immunosuppress: whom, when and how? That is the question with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275852-hvbsx5an author: Lachapelle, F. title: COVID-19 Preprints and Their Publishing Rate: An Improved Method date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276177-hhmd8ilk author: Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul title: Are meteorological factors enhancing COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh? Novel findings from a compound Poisson generalized linear modeling approach date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276405-yfvu83r9 author: Brat, Gabriel A. title: International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276769-th7iou21 author: Khan, Suliman title: Coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19): causative agent, mental health concerns, and potential management options date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276769-th7iou21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277098-nxetsw13 author: Naqos, N. title: The study of physical and mental distress among cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277203-14he8n3u author: Chen, Chang title: Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276641-40r4mitg author: Elkhouly, Enas A title: Should cancer treatment be continued during the COVID-19 pandemic? A single Egyptian institution experience date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276493-hoaxv5e0 author: Jeong, Gi Uk title: Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19 and Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: A Review date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276635-0ciy732e author: Nijjer, Sukhjinder Singh title: Optimal management of acute coronary syndromes in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276895-p85obwp2 author: Carriazo, Sol title: Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276204-ibmnuj5u author: Ratten, Vanessa title: Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277086-j7hih6o9 author: Atchison, Christina J title: Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276945-gly0stxm author: Coxon, Kirstie title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276626-ujbmukj0 author: Rascado Sedes, P. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19♦ date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277201-jzjxsetx author: Mazo, Jahinover title: More than Just Pneumonia: Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Two Middle-Aged Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277189-fe8ego7f author: Szabados, Bernadett title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome for Four SARS-CoV-2-infected Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276834-20lcihf4 author: Idilman, Ilkay S. title: Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276538-q0v26rml author: Guasch, Emilia title: Recomendaciones prácticas en la paciente obstétrica con infección por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277110-e27lm7rr author: Iria, Neri title: Major cluster of pediatric “ true ” primary chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276938-hv2ttwr8 author: Artru, Florent title: Acute immune thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19 and decompensated cirrhosis date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276784-8lmg97zc author: Boziki, Marina Kleopatra title: COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276870-gxtvlji7 author: Bobrowski, Tesia title: Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277117-11m27kmi author: Khialani, Bharat title: Transcatheter management of severe aortic stenosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277252-yw5wcq1e author: Belen-Apak, F. Burcu title: Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276908-9jthjf24 author: Gupta, Akanksha title: COVID‐19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276676-lgt0rzob author: Moka, Eleni title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277347-5innqoip author: Huang, Y. title: A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277347-5innqoip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276957-pk33dl8q author: Hu, Xuejiao title: Development and Clinical Application of a Rapid and Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277237-tjsw205c author: Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo title: In-host Modelling of COVID-19 Kinetics in Humans date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277356-tay0kfyj author: Patel, Rusha J. title: Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author: Zhang, Hongyan title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277313-5f5lrn3c author: Hayakawa, Satoshi title: Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277603-hpn1ovgo author: Strapazzon, Giacomo title: To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high-altitude disease date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277328-9s8fwg1h author: Zhuang, Yuandi title: Dynamic changes on chest CT of COVID-19 patients with solitary pulmonary lesion in initial CT date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277405-5l7wsreg author: Andany, Nisha title: Home or Cabin: Community Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277698-g8sylrsj author: Chen, Dexiong title: Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID‐19 after 14‐day of quarantine period date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277014-iz8jo44e author: Hu, Weihua title: Disorders of sodium balance and its clinical implications in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective study date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277146-4a4vz36h author: Aggarwal, Mukul title: Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19: An Update date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277697-bdzx4hzk author: Pessaux, P. title: Réponse à « Stratégie pour la pratique de la chirurgie digestive oncologique en situation d’épidémie de COVID-19 » date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277315-e26oc883 author: Dhiman, Sapna title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277315-e26oc883.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277568-eqgxk63s author: Sory, Barry Ibrahima title: Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277416-agnpksxn author: Lu, Xuefang title: High Resolution CT Imaging Dynamic Follow-Up Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277564-x5qfxag3 author: Kim, Si-Hyun title: Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277567-nf6t4ni6 author: Bakkar, Sohail title: Impact of COVID-19 on thyroid cancer surgery and adjunct therapy date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276483-4yp4beuh author: Cooper, Isabella D title: Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277646-l956pxe5 author: Münch, Urs title: Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277343-0el69uxr author: Berkhout, Suze G. title: Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)? date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277350-zwu254n6 author: Bianco, F. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277248-7qnymo98 author: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277936-0ytk77fm author: Rauscher, E. title: Lower State COVID-19 Deaths and Cases with Earlier School Closure in the U.S. date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277693-6lrawta5 author: Wang, Yuanzhuo title: Contributions of dermatologists to COVID‐19 research: a brief systematic review date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277489-lsrqko6p author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277774-kec1o4ys author: Wang, Shangqian title: The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277576-3dvt6uj7 author: Demir, Erol title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter experience in Istanbul date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277812-4cz2hziz author: Sieni, Elena title: Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment‐induced immunosuppression date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277357-lpurk7pe author: González-González, Everardo title: Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277528-t0tglg0a author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277712-sx5k0m4q author: Hu, Ling-Qun title: COVID-19 and improved prevention of hospital-acquired infection date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277529-z2r14w2k author: Stella, Alessandro title: Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes? date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277539-xt2nt11e author: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title: Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277548-hgmmtew3 author: Lou, Emil title: Perspectives of cancer patients and their health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277755-wglxa801 author: Dohlman, Jenny C. title: COVID-19 and Ophthalmologic Education: A Call to Innovate date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277755-wglxa801.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277833-x81ni7m5 author: Stienen, Martin N. title: COVID-19 in Europe: Le roi est mort, vive le roi! date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277178-nbotxv35 author: Vindrola-Padros, C. title: Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) during the COVID-19 pandemic: a living systematic review date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277123-ekaqbruo author: Novosad, P. title: The COVID-19 mortality effects of underlying health conditions in India: a modelling study date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277770-sbieo46s author: Oni, Tolu title: Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277228-zk4arqw5 author: Suleiman, Aiman title: Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277188-t33nw4zb author: Fang, Jie title: Efficacy of Early Combination Therapy With Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277643-xh8z9v0m author: Khatiwada, Asmita Priyadarshini title: Paradigm shift of drug information centers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277931-3hxhsmw8 author: Khitan, Zeid J. title: SCan Charcoal Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Infections? date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278130-x83kl052 author: Wander, Pandora L. title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278130-x83kl052.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277941-8twjdyjc author: Scarci, Marco title: Commentary: The double responsibility of the thoracic surgeon at the time of the pandemic: a perspective from the North of Italy date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277739-eb4z3u66 author: Hu, Ke title: Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author: Varghese, Praveen Mathews title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278165-ym0ynmxy author: Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder title: Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277926-rt4ye7xt author: Haseeb, Sohaib title: Value of electrocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277788-6ls21tkr author: Nelson, Brian C title: Clinical Outcomes Associated with Methylprednisolone in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277260-7se220oz author: Gosain, Rohit title: COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277260-7se220oz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278112-uqxvr77g author: Chen, Binzhen title: Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID‐19 in China: Knowns and unknowns date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277916-b4yqek29 author: Sridhar, Arun R. title: QT Interval and Arrhythmic Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277679-sc9hugxr author: Khateb, Mohamed title: Coronaviruses and Central Nervous System Manifestations date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277765-koa8ao10 author: Stoddard, M. title: COVID-19 isolation and containment strategies for ships: Lessons from the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277700-nxm1jr0x author: Chassagnon, Guillaume title: AI-Driven CT-based quantification, staging and short-term outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278022-sc02fyqs author: Ogundiran, Akin title: On COVID-19 and Matters Arising date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277816-ncdy9qgb author: Wang, Ji-gan title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278155-4ekdwyrw author: Möckel, Martin title: How emergency departments prepare for virus disease outbreaks like COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278389-cgktbqf9 author: Shaw, William S. title: Opening the Workplace After COVID-19: What Lessons Can be Learned from Return-to-Work Research? date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3 author: Alonso, J. title: Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277801-auq3msc6 author: Deora, Harsh title: Adapting Neurosurgery Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Indian Subcontinent date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277862-yl7m77fo author: Li, M. title: Identifying novel factors associated with COVID-19 transmission and fatality using the machine learning approach date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278406-n5e3a09i author: Macauley, Precious title: CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE COVID-19 LUNG DISEASE: THE PULMONOLOGY PERSPECTIVE FROM THE FIRST UNITED STATES EPICENTER date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278192-wbpk99yh author: Courtney, Alona title: The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer Management Pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278306-wdj5v3rh author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278142-xnkqg4ef author: Lin, Fang title: Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277210-xaj2623u author: Weinkove, Robert title: Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277880-g0c6jchg author: Zhong, Jim title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author: Martinez-Sanz, J. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278459-27lppl6x author: Banjar, Weam M. title: Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278341-pnrh3r2j author: Monzani, Alice title: Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278536-b4eyegx5 author: Piazza, Gregory title: Registry of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278558-znqscgxb author: Carvalho, Tatiana Aline title: COVID-19 in Brazil: 150,000 deaths and the Brazilian underreporting date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277992-49mantab author: Harikrishnan, S. title: Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277992-49mantab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277992-49mantab.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277992-49mantab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278300-6cr9h7no author: Lu, X. title: Classification of COVID-19 in intensive care patients: towards rational and effective clinical triage date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278620-mezsjdyb author: Choy, Kay W. title: An urgent call to clinicians and researchers: 2020 acuity required when assessing and reporting laboratory abnormalities in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278246-mnj0zmkn author: Hussain, Nowair title: A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277855-pfmslxy6 author: Nunes Duarte‐Neto, Amaro title: Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID‐19 assessed by ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277669-uujny2dm author: Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo title: Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278271-rpq62xhl author: Lyu, Jinglu title: Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278256-dmrtsxik author: Qiu, Haiyan title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study date: 2020-03-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278710-2fiyzl5u author: Kalner, Samantha title: Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278581-4vhpoi87 author: Chaudhary, Varun title: National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278418-i8cbrs7y author: Leitner, Stephan title: On the dynamics emerging from pandemics and infodemics date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278907-xuq3iay5 author: Papoutsi, Eleni title: Global burden of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278440-vti6xp9v author: Paraiso, Ines L title: Potential use of polyphenols in the battle against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277841-7sp8ftbc author: Kumari, Pratibha title: Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278702-hacapz8l author: Hirshberg, Adi title: Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278477-9a7gmzz3 author: Huh, Kyungmin title: Impact of obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, blood pressure, and renal function on the severity of COVID-19: a matter of sexual dimorphism? date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278850-q5eg1uhl author: Yoshida, Shuntaro title: Real-world clinical data of endoscopy-based cancer detection during the emergency declaration for COVID-19 in Japan date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278933-bwhi4hcl author: Shoji, Hamilton title: Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278676-p13ev4cg author: Pontiroli, Antonio E. title: Is blood glucose or obesity responsible for the bad prognosis of COVID-19 in obesity -diabetes? date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277874-cr53ycrm author: Neault, N. title: SARS-CoV-2 Protein in Wastewater Mirrors COVID-19 Prevalence. date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278629-8fva8fwr author: Zhou, Jun title: Differential diagnosis between the coronavirus disease 2019 and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia by thin-slice CT features date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278775-xntvl7jp author: Gangaputra, Sapna S. title: Ocular symptoms among non-hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 testing date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278609-zxdd06ur author: Sarac, Benjamin A. title: The Impact of COVID-19-based Suspension of Surgeries on Plastic Surgery Practices: A Survey of ACAPS Members date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279032-plj9kg42 author: Jin, Kaifeng title: Re: Can the summer temperature drop COVID-19 cases? date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278701-ub9j2f9i author: Umer, Fahad title: Dental services during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tertiary care hospital experience date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277648-9kxwkcbl author: Overholt, Kalon J. title: Dissecting the common and compartment-specific features of COVID-19 severity in the lung and periphery with single-cell resolution date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278339-6ddsj014 author: Gianfrancesco, Milena title: Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278881-bj5ebk2s author: Binagwaho, Agnes title: Changing the COVID-19 Narrative in Africa: Using an Implementation Research Lens to Understand Successes and Plan for Challenges Ahead date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278971-tb2he1cb author: Valeri, Anthony title: COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278735-bu2w2ox6 author: Zhang, Y. title: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279038-ocb1tlzp author: Quispe Flores, María Alejandra title: The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278826-096v6taj author: Pitscheider, Lea title: Muscle involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278826-096v6taj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279046-wk4ja15k author: Pissurno, Neisa Santos Carvalho Alves title: Anosmia in the course of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278313-gadui4r7 author: Zakeri, R. title: A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278249-vvhq9vgp author: Blot, Mathieu title: CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278068-3kg71nf4 author: Chivese, T. title: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID19 infection date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278721-g5zqebju author: Jakhmola, Shweta title: Comorbidity Assessment Is Essential During COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279036-fwmb0rr7 author: Monzani, Alice title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective From Italian Pediatric Emergency Physicians date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279110-u2k27jkn author: Alter, Scott M. title: The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279115-eyk8sxk7 author: Cecconi, Maurizio title: Ten things we learned about COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279132-florvm7z author: K., Branimir title: From apparent to true – from frequency to distributions (II) date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279132-florvm7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279356-s3iigb0j author: Leones, Louis Mervyn B title: Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278672-pxzsntfg author: Milenkovic, Aleksandar title: Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279224-rwcvkhiy author: Kirmani, Salman title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric services at a referral centre in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278932-wp4kimij author: Been, Jasper V title: Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the incidence of preterm birth: a national quasi-experimental study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278649-ge9ike2c author: Makaronidis, Janine title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279138-dmhphgp5 author: Deek, Sarah A. title: Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution Implications on COVID-19 Severity date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279405-1d6gznls author: Butt, Muhammad Hammad title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278993-w5aa0elj author: Tonetti, Tommaso title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279468-xe84s5i4 author: Fares, Elie title: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279485-hajrnur1 author: Pope, Janet E. title: What Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Mean for Rheumatology Patients? date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279197-cesemos0 author: Block, Keith I. title: Integrative Cancer Therapies: Learning From COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279197-cesemos0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277889-8u685f45 author: Costela-Ruiz, Víctor J. title: SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277889-8u685f45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279131-1unb0z79 author: Buijsers, Baranca title: Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278996-9lady4pc author: Callander, Denton title: Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on global male sex work populations: a longitudinal study of digital data date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279227-l6keimm5 author: Li, Yuxi title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279118-59e4sifb author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Dyslipidemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279294-ruqednj6 author: Lin, Dong D. title: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279415-s823mver author: Guo, Xiaodong title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279415-s823mver.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279345-dgdujcy3 author: Sudhir, Amita title: A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279158-dsnniuo6 author: Luo, Y. title: Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279428-5t2qi2on author: Mahmoudi, Morteza title: COVID-19 pandemic may fuel academic bullying date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279290-wtnnlp4i author: Solorio-Pineda, Saúl title: Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279534-klqg8wnh author: Mari, Giulio M. title: A 10-step guide to convert a surgical unit into a COVID-19 unit during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279525-76iq0gcy author: Kewan, Tariq title: COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279456-oouylyx9 author: Henchi, Sonia title: First COVID-19 sub-intensive respiratory unit in Europe: the Italian experience date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279056-mmcoqtb5 author: Seirafianpour, Farnoosh title: Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279529-m7c6270u author: Abrams, Hannah R. title: Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279631-1hlrx7o4 author: Huang, Yan‐Mei title: CHINA'S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279566-27wmd3g5 author: Shi, Li title: Is neutrophilia associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients? A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278870-pct184oa author: Finell, Eerika title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278870-pct184oa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279052-8hxdfdls author: Boet, S. title: Protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial of normobaric versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypoxemic COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278900-3rfb1b71 author: Fell, Michael J. title: Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279264-0bhgq3q9 author: Bolarinwa, O. A. title: Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279735-3sq7m3qw author: Yoshihiro, Noda title: Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19's ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279561-p6wh7jja author: Karim, Jamila S. title: Bolstering the surgical response to COVID‐19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279106-3ffa9djf author: Syatila Ab Ghani, Nur title: Side chain similarity comparisons for integrated drug repositioning and potential toxicity assessments in epidemic response scenarios: the case for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279134-s6c7m94h author: Chen, Haiyang title: When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279435-ffgd2ets author: ALBalawi, Hani B title: COVID-19: Precautionary Guidelines for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279395-qfb06csa author: Khan, Samea title: Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278589-ios3cuxc author: Golinelli, D. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279363-4almssg6 author: Crespo, Roland Mojica title: Pandemia COVID-19, la nueva emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional: una revisión date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279363-4almssg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279550-7u2hksxm author: Wang, Kai title: Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278839-uu2wlpmp author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title: Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279713-97a86bor author: Negrini, Stefano title: Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279713-97a86bor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279480-nqp1pc9v author: Ring, Laurence E. title: What Obstetricians should know about Obstetric Anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279488-oc0edgd2 author: Nguyen, Trieu title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics date: 2020-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279443-2e4gz2bo author: Khan, Suliman title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279559-mob8dbcr author: Coleman, Carl H. title: Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278984-0zof6s4d author: El-Tallawy, Salah N. title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279645-gwxu6dz2 author: Montoya-Barthelemy, Andre title: COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279513-m4jdc8ua author: Onesti, Concetta Elisa title: Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279396-qmixem8i author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279875-jxnszm5k author: Wang, Wan-Ying title: Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279846-g0ro8pbb author: Terrigno, Vittorio R title: Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279736-udsbcqfs author: Abdalkader, Mohamad title: Roadmap for Resuming Elective Neuroendovascular Procedures Following the First COVID-19 Surge date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279511-s9h1jzzs author: Di Stefano, Vincenzo title: Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279750-if9vphb2 author: Savić, Dragan title: Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279571-chiadufa author: Cui, Xiaoyang title: Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279571-chiadufa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279891-v71rysnw author: Karampekos, George title: Differences between fellows and fellowship program directors in their perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology training: results from a nationwide survey in Greece date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280147-xvzi1i0v author: Consoli, Letizia title: 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia complications: the importance of lung ultrasound date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279667-ikfduu2k author: Ronnje, Louise title: Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279648-ft62m7zz author: Raisi-Estabragh, Z. title: NON-WHITE ETHNICITY, MALE SEX, AND HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX, BUT NOT MEDICATIONS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION: REVIEW OF THE FIRST 669 CASES FROM THE UK BIOBANK date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280089-x8fs34d7 author: Park, Hayne Cho title: Korean clinical practice guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis facilities date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280210-6xivdgvt author: Eichner, E. Randy title: Writing on Sports Medicine in Pandemic Times date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279334-j0i9ozsz author: McCreary, Erin K title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279904-hfnlp6qv author: Hoedl, M. title: COVID-19 among nursing staff: Settings and regional differences date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279779-kp6ik8qb author: Blair, A. title: Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280164-dukccrjb author: Nachega, Jean B. title: Responding to the Challenge of the Dual COVID-19 and Ebola Epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo—Priorities for Achieving Control date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280195-646xesqp author: Spencer, Hunter C. title: COVID-19 presenting as neutropenic fever date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280195-646xesqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279913-lgdmlies author: Katz, D. H. title: Proteomic Profiling in Biracial Cohorts Implicates DC-SIGN as a Mediator of Genetic Risk in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279942-y5io9qzl author: Chakrabarty, Rajan K. title: Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280005-i9fp5rys author: Wang, Mengmei title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280361-242yq90p author: Emmanuel, Stip title: Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280361-242yq90p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279828-es498qul author: Boulle, Andrew title: Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279828-es498qul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279828-es498qul.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279828-es498qul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279719-z0wuajpx author: Martin-Fumadó, Carles title: Medico-legal and ethical considerations on resource limitation and clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280078-jbwphya5 author: Bonati, Elena title: Postoperative vocal fold dysfunction in covid-19 era: are we still in time for a recovery? date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279401-eehb5yny author: Haffejee, Sadiyya title: ‘When will I be free’: Lessons of COVID-19 for Child Protection in South Africa date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280133-c0k3uag9 author: Artese, Flavia title: Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280410-j32tuj5s author: Rose, Adam J. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280227-4v4mbej4 author: Dasgupta, Prokar title: Covid‐19 and urology date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279933-l7nen2uj author: Hsu, Jeffrey J. title: COVID‐19 in a High‐Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280521-sqhzcm87 author: Qazi, Saqib Hamid title: Continuing and ensuring surgical care for children during COVID and post-COVID crisis date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280234-anlytu3q author: Memar, Elmira Haji Esmaeil title: Fulminant hepatic failure: a rare and devastating manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 in an 11-year-old boy date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280440-35h2x8dg author: Mitchell, Rob title: A ‘new normal’: Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279991-w2aoogjj author: Labrague, Leodoro J. title: Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280223-6ro2deuv author: Ciacchini, Benedetta title: Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279180-xad53zht author: Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title: Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279180-xad53zht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280370-td8b6fap author: Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Lara title: Mortalidad por Covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer en un hospital de Madrid durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280540-yw8o3c1l author: Patel, A. P. title: Race, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a National Biobank date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279649-wllc0gl5 author: Kent, Katherine title: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Insecurity in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280221-s6oxq772 author: Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel title: Convalescent serum therapy for COVID-19: A 19th century remedy for a 21st century disease date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279629-t1xjy12y author: Nazneen Akhand, Mst Rubaiat title: Genome based Evolutionary study of SARS-CoV-2 towards the Prediction of Epitope Based Chimeric Vaccine date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280050-fktc778q author: Tahir, Shumaila title: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280050-fktc778q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280423-v3r7vo0o author: Desmazes‐Dufeu, Nadine title: Discordant courses of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280630-2g7ygxys author: Koo, Bo Kyung title: Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280206-49qjyhrd author: Szczerbińska, Katarzyna title: Could we have done better with COVID-19 in nursing homes? date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280043-bm0qkrod author: Esagian, Stepan M. title: Challenges in Abdominal Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279960-1phc0wds author: Zhao, Ai title: Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author: Bertoncelli, Deborah title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280373-xhvhep84 author: Faust, A. title: Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical. A status quo analysis across German research ethics committees date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280899-zoc1hk5g author: Volff, Maxime title: No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280372-u56ydlve author: Smith, L. E. title: The impact of believing you have had COVID-19 on behaviour: Cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280029-g1k3zlax author: Gabutti, Giovanni title: Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280182-615096py author: Govindan, Kannan title: A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280182-615096py.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280182-615096py.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280182-615096py.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280471-cqypwi5d author: Sun, Hua-Bao title: The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280231-jo3grxd5 author: Hardenberg, Jan‐Hendrik title: Covid‐19, ACE2 and the kidney date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280631-9hq9e1o6 author: Xu, Zheng‐Li title: COVID‐19 & Allogeneic Transplant: Activity and Preventive Measures for Best Outcomes in China date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280932-xhz5d4ty author: Acanfora, Domenico title: Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280551-9hoxy5ok author: Kim, Donghee title: Predictors of Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: US Multi-center Study date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280416-wd6jm2ms author: Mukhopadhyay, S. title: Dynamic dysregulation of IL-6 and genes functional in NETosis, complement and coagulation in severe COVID-19 illness date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280917-j2a77fw3 author: Kim, Hyun-Sook title: Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280358-ru2hv6pz author: Auvinen, R. title: Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280068-rszu1c48 author: Twomey, Julianne D. title: COVID-19 update: The race to therapeutic development date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280055-5iwo6tlb author: Vieira, Tiago title: The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19 date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280491-tarb3mu7 author: Wu, Yin title: Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280579-osodvntp author: Ali, Hussain title: Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280579-osodvntp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280538-lrvqhx98 author: Wang, Haiyan title: Using A Partial Differential Equation with Google Mobility Data to Predict COVID-19 in Arizona date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280470-dtb2nza1 author: Bairagi, A. K. title: A Noncooperative Game Analysis for Controlling COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280241-h16s6wwm author: McStay, R. title: COVID-19: looking beyond the peak. Challenges and tips for radiologists in follow-up of a novel patient cohort date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280561-2t72q2ba author: Rani, Uma title: Platform Work and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280437-6u3kepat author: Kalippurayil Moozhipurath, R. title: Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 Deaths date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280780-owudyf7j author: Kemp, Oliver J title: Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280914-6k8gpp4y author: Alpaslan Kocamemi, B. title: First Data-Set on SARS-CoV-2 Detection for Istanbul Wastewaters in Turkey date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280935-ur9x4fsa author: Bajwa, Hamza title: The Dilemma of Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281087-br4ssimq author: Aslan, Nagehan title: A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280628-ok62havd author: Groß, Sonja title: SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280628-ok62havd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280331-iu2e14jo author: Taboe, Hémaho B. title: Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West-Africa date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author: Peng, Fujun title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280978-rtl5ut70 author: Lal, Rattan title: Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280695-r3oldfaj author: Stewart, Cameron title: COVID-19 and Australian Prisons: Human Rights, Risks, and Responses date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280554-9jp85yzz author: Lamure, Sylvain title: Determinants of outcome in Covid-19 hospitalized patients with lymphoma: A retrospective multicentric cohort study date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281060-1ud5hzlh author: Méndez Maestro, Irune title: Skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 disease: a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary hospital date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280747-k0x6rjdi author: Hashim, Muhammad Jawad title: Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in 93 Countries date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280981-p0l5bpqi author: Keenan, Jesse M. title: COVID, resilience, and the built environment date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281148-bbnbnwte author: Emara, Khaled title: What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic() date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280922-w6a5ec06 author: Sen, Sanjana title: Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281038-h5iew8oo author: Rodríguez-Pardo, Jorge title: Atención al ictus agudo durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones Plan Ictus Madrid date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281035-tv9t0zlr author: Khose, Swapnil title: Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280975-9hgtvm6d author: Sarkar, Kankan title: Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281193-sb7kgu24 author: Yang, Hai-Jun title: Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280427-smqc23vr author: Singla, Rubal title: Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280848-z0sbztkw author: Setzen, Michael title: COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281003-7pdhxdzc author: Farmakis, Dimitrios title: COVID‐19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280667-wpju6pwi author: Feng, Yi title: When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281086-fmftr5jn author: Morand, A. title: Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281064-b69p44uq author: Ozder, Aclan title: A Novel Indicator Predicts 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Subjects with Diabetes date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280528-7ivw72l0 author: TUFAN, Abdurrahman title: COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281068-bigb9890 author: Alumran, Arwa title: Role of Precautionary Measures in Containing the Natural Course of Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281068-bigb9890.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280819-z6ucnwk0 author: Achilonu, Ikechukwu title: Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281185-myfuzsh7 author: Yan, Bin title: China’s experience on mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280960-88hzovg2 author: Galani, I. E. title: Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281102-ohbm78it author: Gutzeit, Andreas title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281175-og3myz22 author: Tapper, Elliot B. title: The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281175-og3myz22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281194-yafwcway author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of response strategies so far? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281194-yafwcway.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281106-vzb5xzza author: Zerwes, S. title: COVID-19-Infektion – Risiko für thrombembolische Komplikationen date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280821-kc0ut4oy author: Venturini, Elisabetta title: Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281283-h6yai7sx author: Ma, Jun title: Emergency response strategy for containing COVID-19 within a psychiatric specialty hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281090-v3icun6z author: Kozlowski, Hannah N. title: COVID‐19: A Pandemic Experience that Illuminates Potential Reforms to Health Research date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281121-pleula62 author: Ameer, Nasir title: Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281121-pleula62.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281121-pleula62.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281121-pleula62.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281376-1xdj06m7 author: Cirilo, E. R. title: One Study of COVID-19 Spreading at The United States - Brazil - Colombia date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280642-cvxni7cd author: The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, title: OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281248-z2gisufl author: Buonsenso, Danilo title: A Pediatric Strategy for the Next Phase of the SARS–CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 author: Leverenz, David L title: Is the HScore useful in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281875-lq015thu author: Daneshjou, Roxana title: Pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19 in Skin of Color date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281875-lq015thu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281276-rffp6qe2 author: Rhazi, Karima El title: Ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription for Covid-19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281040-jvcgtynq author: Taquet, M. title: Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: a study of 62,354 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281448-e1zgqqqu author: Billah, M. A. title: Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280996-anq680a1 author: Agarwal, Arnav title: High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-280996-anq680a1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281619-fhyamruq author: Burlacu, Alexandru title: Unpuzzling COVID-19 Prothrombotic State: Are Preexisting Thrombophilic Risk Profiles Responsible for Heterogenous Thrombotic Events? date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281551-0aj2zwx8 author: Schlagenhauf, Patricia title: Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281209-gm3aaofn author: Seiler, Pascal title: Weighting bias and inflation in the time of COVID-19: evidence from Swiss transaction data date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281159-elwmqqqq author: Lv, M. title: Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281039-a7q5nzwn author: Rodilla, Enrique title: Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281922-lr3wbt21 author: Padley, Roxanne H. title: COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The Revolution of Virtual Teaching date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281411-la8njxc1 author: García-Fernández, Amaya title: Utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281361-tye5pev7 author: Trapani, G. title: Children with COVID-19 like symptoms in Italian Pediatric Surgeries: the dark side of the coin date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281656-8anh8rhm author: Pata, Francesco title: Authors' response: Laparoscopy and COVID-19: An off-key song? date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281400-ho2m7nqn author: Nguyen, Van Thu title: Research response to COVID-19 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281268-8yoxgmeb author: López-Bueno, Rubén title: Association Between Current Physical Activity and Current Perceived Anxiety and Mood in the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281733-bsq0ewac author: Veyseh, Maedeh title: Left gonadal vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author: Izzetti, Rossana title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282026-839jc5wp author: Tsui, Ban C. H. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiological Factors During Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281804-lhnw8jx5 author: Sonis, Jonathan D. title: Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281870-ax5s2i6t author: Goerlich, Erin title: Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281763-8eh5j5t7 author: Levin, Amanda B. title: Transforming a PICU Into an Adult ICU During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Meeting Multiple Needs date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281501-ca9oxl7f author: Khan, Shumayila title: Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282409-gnphco0f author: Ozaras, Resat title: Coinfections among COVID-19 patients: A Need for Combination Therapy? date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 author: Chen, Yifei title: Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281508-zl2url8z author: Pearce, N. title: Is death from Covid-19 a multistep process? date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n author: Ronquillo, Jay G title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282197-hkt7nktc author: Frisullo, Giovanni title: Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282499-baia5prj author: Lei, Pinggui title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282499-baia5prj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281500-5mm1nnwv author: Spadera, Lucrezia title: Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281603-3308f8hm author: Souza, William Marciel de title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281391-0qkku2jd author: Miller-Handley, Hilary title: Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281686-edpyn8fd author: Dalamaga, Maria title: 19 treatment regimens? date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282043-cs1oyohu author: Giustino, Gennaro title: Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia: JACC Focus Seminar date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282355-urys21ry author: Ortega-Quijano, Daniel title: Reply to “Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients”: discussing specificity date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282355-urys21ry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281887-b511bjdy author: Ribeiro, Reitan title: Perioperative Cancer Care in the Context of Limited Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology Recommendations date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281945-jvnjzjds author: Radnis, Caitlin title: Radiographic and clinical neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 related hypoxemia date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281990-x5nql0cw author: Liu, Y. title: Association between epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection and ABO blood group types date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282312-h3h6vw5l author: Greco, Antonio title: Outcomes of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281944-5rh0v96j author: Hajure, Mohammedamin title: Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Chronic Medical Patients Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282219-7kzbnymp author: Wu, Liu title: The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author: Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282256-lqmixm7s author: Tsioufis, Costas title: The interplay of Hypertension, ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2: Emerging data as the “Ariadne’s thread” for the “labyrinth” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281891-qucjw8q1 author: Liu, Yu title: The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281638-qw5szvop author: Al-Tammemi, A. B. title: Is it Just About Physical Health? An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282131-wap7lo05 author: Chen, Haixia title: Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282198-ugmv9om1 author: Pare, Joseph R. title: Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound Is More Sensitive than Chest Radiograph for Evaluation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282183-k0pn0ie2 author: Spiezia, Luca title: More severe hypercoagulable state in acute COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to other pneumonia. date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282411-n5xlpqms author: Wang, Huali title: Dementia care during COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282361-gje78nb1 author: Gökce, Mehmet İlker title: How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE–IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282402-1skkjes1 author: Blumenthal-Barby, Jennifer title: Payment of COVID-19 challenge trials: underpayment is a bigger worry than overpayment date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282339-a1ln2v2p author: Pinto, Daniel title: The role of breast FNA during and post‐ COVID‐19 pandemic: a fast and safe alternative to needle core biopsy date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282535-gnuhjs32 author: Cook, Gordon title: Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282097-a1pwq4fi author: Hoertel, N. title: Dexamethasone use and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281948-xv7vuypd author: Hoang, Ansel title: COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282202-q2q4vies author: Banerjee, Amitava title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281487-x0a9qgjs author: Kim, Min Young title: General Approach to the Clinical Care of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 Infection: Management for Transplant Recipients date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282430-u5ukqc5z author: Fenton, Mark E. title: An Expanded COVID-19 Telemedicine Intermediate Care Model Using Repurposed Hotel Rooms date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282085-r3w90vg8 author: Epperly, D. E. title: COVID-19 Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, And Severity : A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282458-5v9k4yyj author: Balakrishnan, Vijayakumar title: Screening of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282633-q7egnpaq author: Singh, Ashish Kumar title: COVID‐19: Assessment of knowledge and awareness in Indian society date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280722-glcifqyp author: Rios, V. title: Is there a link between temperatures and COVID-19 contagions? Evidence from Italy date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282095-cbfyydi3 author: Pierron, Denis title: Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282528-g1cpd2hg author: Zobairy, H. title: Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282620-nv2tg68j author: Hinz, S. title: Internet-based tool for visualizing county and state level COVID-19 trends in the United States. date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282142-76jr4p7n author: Wang, Yun title: Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281285-5g1rw202 author: Simonis, Alexander title: A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282371-39qo9afy author: Khulood, Daulat title: Convalescent plasma appears efficacious and safe in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282384-qbcqbhk4 author: Savastano, Alfonso title: Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282513-hbqo5ylv author: Park, Hyunbong title: Mental Healthcare Policies in South Korea during the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281561-r10y2sgb author: Tiwari, Nidhi title: Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282460-z7g3uikr author: Guillo, Enora title: COVID-19 pneumonia: Diagnostic and prognostic role of CT based on a retrospective analysis of 214 consecutive patients from Paris, France date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282704-qg2o0ug4 author: Li, Xun title: Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282598-ghh16h43 author: Dattilo, Wesley title: COVID-19 most vulnerable Mexican cities lack the public health infrastructure to face the pandemic: a new temporally-explicit model date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282416-5x3lyuuf author: Adams, Hugo J.A. title: Chest CT imaging signature of COVID-19 infection: in pursuit of the scientific evidence date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282009-a83mun7u author: Pundir, Hemlata title: Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to study pharmacophore-based virtual screening of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282268-f7mbdfr6 author: Cartenì, Armando title: How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282526-b8tky324 author: Berger Gillam, T. title: Norwich COVID-19 Testing Initiative: feasibility project evaluation date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282526-b8tky324.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282687-483ojkbb author: Purcino, Flávia Abranches Corsetti title: Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title: Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author: Yu, Yuanqiang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282726-deisqgmw author: Bashir, Mohamad title: Cardiovascular Disease and Surgery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282660-9x937eus author: Muñoz Vives, Josep Maria title: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282660-9x937eus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author: Carsana, Luca title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282913-sw4enfkk author: Jain, Parul title: Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282736-1sc19r5m author: Marengoni, Alessandra title: The impact of delirium on outcomes for older adults hospitalised with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282732-qym6wji7 author: McLaughlin, Katie-May title: COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy—Is Transferrin a Missing Link? date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282504-m3npy0om author: Kastritis, Efstathios title: Challenges in the Management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282699-tuas2tgd author: LIU, Wei-hong title: Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282730-pawasfh4 author: Contreras, Carlo M. title: Telemedicine: Patient-Provider Clinical Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282571-ilf73g71 author: Ni, Wentao title: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282814-wnc9iql3 author: Armstrong, A. title: A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283059-lq0pqmcv author: Schwarzkopf, Ran title: The Response of An Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282825-svgknqud author: Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere title: COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282825-svgknqud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282737-xa4ct4lf author: Müller, Simon M. title: National Publication Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Preliminary Exploratory Analysis of the 30 Countries Most Affected date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282956-f7if9e5q author: Yaghi, Shadi title: SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282589-xof56j98 author: Lopes, M. I. F. title: Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282589-xof56j98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282753-uw3r6q45 author: Goldberg-Stein, Shlomit title: Abdominopelvic CT findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282925-efkb8hc7 author: Braidotti, R. title: “We” Are In This Together, But We Are Not One and the Same date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282927-jhma20de author: Mondal, Chittaranjan title: Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282927-jhma20de.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282899-kp114q7n author: Biswas, Saurav title: Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282721-bxg9zqyu author: Bandyopadhyay, G. title: Let us unite against COVID-19 – a New Zealand perspective date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282862-kve6fa49 author: Pastick, Katelyn A title: A Systematic Review of Treatment and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 – A Call for Clinical Trials date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282964-dmc8mlxu author: Wathore, Roshan title: Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283196-laerx0n2 author: Bedford, Juliet title: Living with the COVID-19 pandemic: act now with the tools we have date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282990-qb4wk4yb author: Chen, Zhuo title: Safety considerations in the bioanalytical laboratories handling specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282572-j14izwxd author: Tasnim, S. title: Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283037-hykf28oi author: Ortmann, Regina title: COVID-19 and investor behavior() date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283099-nhz3pye2 author: Wang, Xue title: Unprotected mothers and infants breastfeeding in public amenities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282963-p04c5nn7 author: Oliveros, Estefania title: Rapid Deterioration of Hospital-Acquired COVID-19 in a Patient on Extracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Support date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283052-x9tek77a author: Stramare, Roberto title: Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282867-kbyxdegu author: Shah, Sayed Zulfiqar Ali title: Scaling the Need, Benefits, and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Acute and Postacute Care Rehabilitation: A Review date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282780-34j7gquo author: Lai, Kevin E. title: Tele-Neuro-Ophthalmology During the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283173-s3nb11je author: Osman, Jennifer title: Rapid screening of COVID‐19 patients by White blood cells scattergrams, a study on 381 patients date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281281-knelqmzx author: Villas-Boas, Gustavo R. title: The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283259-cmim32lx author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282982-dc5m81bx author: Rouillard, Smita title: COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282675-s4zmffj3 author: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title: Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283177-qwinggg4 author: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282958-9bi6pobg author: Ganem, Fabiana title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283221-y9m4n0de author: Ohara, Nobuyuki title: Stroke Systems of Care during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Kobe City date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author: Koh, David title: Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283120-hyzk59qv author: Sharma, Ashish title: Liver disease and outcomes among COVID-19 hospitalized patients- a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283409-ynwgdz52 author: Baggett, Travis P. title: Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283208-uetq1p1n author: Castellano, Giuseppe title: Treatment of COVID-19 atypical pneumonia by early Tocilizumab administration in “non-critically-ill” patients on hemodialysis date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283152-wav0d0ws author: Patel, Sanjay K. S. title: Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283240-w4vxkbfv author: Silva, Ricardo Teixeira e title: Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author: Moore, Jason H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283729-ekrcop2p author: Allam, Hassan H title: Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283138-18q23z8l author: Balasubramanian, S. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283464-v4x0gaqc author: Yu, Kimberley title: Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283368-j2vjylum author: Erika, Poggiali title: Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283260-9uo0hsst author: Sepúlveda-Vildósola, Ana Carolina title: Scientific Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283308-z0j8ixwk author: Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi title: A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283744-qkvo6cji author: Marston, Cicely title: Community participation is crucial in a pandemic date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283248-tdp9x821 author: Agarwal, Minu title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency CT head utilization in Ontario—an observational study of tertiary academic hospitals date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283696-3a0s64sm author: Haen, Pierre title: CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283376-6wolrfvk author: Yin, M. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Pregnancy In China: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283093-9kz7387z author: Quaife, Matthew title: The impact of COVID-19 control measures on social contacts and transmission in Kenyan informal settlements date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283367-azzy2t1a author: Rahman, Asma title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19: A narrative review date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283236-vko7qdqp author: Paliwal, Prakash R. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hyperacute stroke treatment: experience from a comprehensive stroke centre in Singapore date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283663-odrkfguc author: Dobson, Dre'Von A. title: COVID‐19 pandemic perspectives: A scientific silver lining? date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283521-smg1uw35 author: García-Hernández, Rafael title: Inmunomodulación mediante CONVEHY® para COVID-19: de la tormenta al anticiclón de citoquinas date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283912-ha2xwjzy author: Zheng, Meijuan title: Serum inflammatory factors are positively correlated with the production of specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283246-dj7teo89 author: Otsuka, Ryo title: Macrophage activation syndrome and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283612-tzaa82kb author: Hedima, Erick Wesley title: Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282868-yd7pzcbz author: Shelmerdine, Susan C. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283458-ndzafv3c author: Hall, MAJ Andrew title: Converting a Small Surgical Team into a Pandemic Response Team for an Isolated Population date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283915-yqj9gzan author: Ahmad, Naveed title: Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283065-c22zpwr8 author: Banerjee, Indrajit title: The changing pattern of COVID-19 in Nepal: A Global concern- A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283372-c20i99qa author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: Amiodarone in the COVID-19 Era: Treatment for Symptomatic Patients Only, or Drug to Prevent Infection? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283758-0z3jwwby author: Rokadiya, S. title: COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283513-3f4rsgzm author: Jaywant, Abhishek title: Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283380-l60yyr6l author: Grabbe, Stephan title: Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID‐19: Do we need to rethink our standards? date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283877-qy6s5xrw author: Vöö, Stefan title: Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lung perfusion imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: does nuclear medicine need to reconsider its guidelines? date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir author: Roma, Paolo title: How to Improve Compliance with Protective Health Measures during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283909-xwy3rm3f author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283366-xwxg9991 author: He, Tian title: Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283048-hyjzofps author: Steele, Edward J. title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283477-6clp5nz7 author: Gabrielson, Andrew T. title: Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283310-5wam14aa author: Bevova, M. R. title: The New Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283730-rshlenku author: Sah, Ranjit title: Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Nepal date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283730-rshlenku.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283461-xcyvisqu author: Berthelot, Jean-Marie title: Kawasaki-like diseases and thrombotic coagulopathy in COVID-19: delayed over-activation of the STING pathway? date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283352-0l1ggmhx author: Javelot, H title: Panic and pandemic: narrative review of the literature on the links and risks of panic disorder as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283927-683mzwga author: Jette, Alan M title: Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283927-683mzwga.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283340-ksyd5l56 author: Choi, Geun Joo title: The Potential Role of Dyslipidemia in COVID-19 Severity: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283267-72wrzw09 author: Moores, Lisa K. title: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283764-qw8qhmv1 author: Bai, Hua title: Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284152-6aog88cx author: Mitchell, Edith Peterson title: COVID-19 Innovations: Addressing Rapidly Changing Clinical Needs date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283673-oyefmgl3 author: Garcia, Marc A title: The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Pandemic’s Disproportionate Impact on Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283439-hqdq2qrh author: Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur title: Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283616-ef84i589 author: Ye, Zheng title: Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283616-ef84i589.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283948-rb9rrkxb author: Gavriilidis, Paschalis title: The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283719-zmizyx7e author: Cheng, Yuan-Yang title: Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019: Consensus Statements of Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283623-umqu07te author: Ponce-Alonso, Manuel title: Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283623-umqu07te.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283900-4pa93xqi author: Khan, M. Ali title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284175-5rre1kbn author: Elsaid, Ossama title: Ventricular Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283843-qgpxauj1 author: Endstrasser, Franz title: The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on pain and physical function in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284130-2q6qmex3 author: Wu, Xiao title: Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284207-i943w5r1 author: Zidan, Ahmed title: Position Statement of Transplant Activity in the Middle East in Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284207-i943w5r1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284207-i943w5r1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284207-i943w5r1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284097-94pz1601 author: Korun, Oktay title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284097-94pz1601.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283287-073r80s7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284008-vlwdtjbe author: Li, Na title: The Application of Corticosteroids in COVID-19: A Two-edged Sword date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283500-mp2f102i author: Mathiesen, T. title: A snapshot of European neurosurgery December 2019 vs. March 2020: just before and during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283969-wqrzaxsu author: Antonucci, Michele title: The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284112-jobd5s4l author: Tulgar, Serkan title: Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents date: 2019-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283918-h8awaxxw author: Maeker, Éric title: Annonce du diagnostic et accompagnement de fin de vie du COVID-19 en période de confinement au sein d’une unité gériatrique aiguë date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283440-8du0s33p author: Ciuca, Ioana M title: COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283809-9sv5bax0 author: Baldacchino, Alexander title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284274-9uu7yflt author: Russi, Christopher S. title: Emergency Medicine Telehealth for COVID-19: Minimize Front-Line Provider Exposure and Conserve Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283953-vuvd6mvz author: KM, S. title: Trace, Quarantine, Test, Isolate and Treat: A Kerala Model of Covid-19 Response date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282839-3ii79g6j author: Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J. title: Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284217-tv8f1315 author: Qazi, Javaria title: Evolution to Online Education around the globe during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped cope alike? date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283769-n38f0i5z author: Georgiou, Neophytos title: COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284335-bz3y03y0 author: Ng, Janice Natasha title: The Aftermath of COVID‐19 in Dermatology Practice: What's next? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284220-55mckelv author: batista, m. title: Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284220-55mckelv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284342-y9tq7o0v author: Liu, Qian title: Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284353-f7zkp9cf author: Sheikh, Aziz title: Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284160-sgr8p78v author: Satici, Begum title: Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284257-zplfyqqi author: Mocco, J title: In Reply: May Cooler Heads Prevail During a Pandemic: Stroke in COVID-19 Patients or COVID-19 in Stroke Patients? date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284251-brn5izwo author: Melmed, Kara R. title: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284302-odvv2yn3 author: Minagorre, Pedro J. Alcalá title: CAMBIOS A PARTIR DE LA COVID-19. UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA PEDIATRÍA INTERNA HOSPITALARIA date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283956-zgrtux7i author: Amin, Sk. Abdul title: Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284093-w2ppj0yz author: nan title: Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283215-dgysimh5 author: Al-Jabir, Ahmed title: Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284470-so8bq046 author: Coe, Taylor M. title: Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284470-so8bq046.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284494-4klrtjpb author: Handoko title: Ensuring Safety and Sustainability of Radiotherapy Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resources Constrain Country: An Indonesian Experience date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284782-51mbq7qb author: Huang, Jing title: Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284234-9cd2v6bt author: Sebastian, S title: Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284042-awl5bb0j author: Carrascosa, J.M. title: Cutaneous Manifestations in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)() date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284555-5qbigvun author: Kent, David M. title: When predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources: three considerations for models in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author: Wei, Yiping title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284327-psz2usnx author: Banda, J. title: KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAWI date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284598-ksoonwf9 author: Liu, Shan title: Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284301-fg3hk94b author: Umemura, Yutaka title: Hematological Phenotype of COVID-19-Induced Coagulopathy: Far from Typical Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284188-ujdla954 author: Smith, Silas W. title: Virtual Urgent Care Quality and Safety in the Time of Coronavirus date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284188-ujdla954.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284671-r4m1wrbk author: Racine, Nicole title: Evidence suggests children are being left behind in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284853-6efhdogi author: Xie, Yun title: Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283485-xit6najq author: Van Damme, Wim title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283485-xit6najq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284888-bkee6isv author: Samies, Nicole L title: Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure in an Adolescent With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284272-68ykes60 author: Suso-Ribera, Carlos title: How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID–19 Quarantine in Spain date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284272-68ykes60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284576-nemh4wdo author: Sims, Jonathan T. title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283779-mudwcypl author: Lauretani, Fulvio title: Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284829-dge21g0g author: Dinakaran, Damodharan title: Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Selective Review date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284403-f8s4123u author: Becq, Aymeric title: Drastic decrease of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours during the Covid-19 pandemic in the paris area date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284449-z7r4n0w7 author: Ma, L. title: Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284453-topozldw author: Dimri, V. P. title: Understanding Trend of the Covid-19 Fatalities in India date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284453-topozldw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284453-topozldw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284453-topozldw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284640-tl9nmvog author: Tabah, Alexis title: Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284037-nj5jo1ev author: Kwee, Thomas C. title: Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283850-kt8n6pg2 author: Steardo, Luca title: Psychiatric face of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284365-g46myqe7 author: Guo, Qian title: Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: a mixed-method study date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284948-zd27i5n6 author: Pomar, María D. Ballesteros title: Nutricion Clínica en tiempos de COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284984-sdx3cceq author: Norman, Richard E. title: Typically Atypical: COVID‐19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284596-kxioojck author: Belvis, Robert title: Headaches During COVID‐19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284596-kxioojck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284424-6gljl7n5 author: Brown, Eric E. title: Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284385-ster02o9 author: Gambichler, Thilo title: On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284385-ster02o9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284995-8lyr3gs4 author: Fiorina, Laurent title: COVID-19 et troubles du rythme date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284851-gtdyexp1 author: Green, Jon title: Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication on the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284566-u0elncex author: Siu, Henry Yu-Hin title: A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284566-u0elncex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284804-6i5zbmm1 author: Pan, Feng title: Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a case-control study date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284873-m1ehdydr author: Cadegiani, Flavio A. title: Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284955-6y6nnqno author: Jing Liang, Jing title: Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285056-b2iltrqx author: Dichter, Martin N. title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284545-vn60yd46 author: Sanyaolu, Adekunle title: Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284734-qioy7eso author: Pourahmad, Ramtin title: Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IVIG) on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284879-sjkni2uc author: Song, Suk-Kyoon title: IgG Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among Individuals without a History of the Coronavirus Disease Infection in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284529-0ri4kw4k author: Håkansson, Anders title: Impact of COVID-19 on Online Gambling – A General Population Survey During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284398-rhfwbyav author: Aboubakr, Hamada A. title: Stability of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285030-ecsa83kf author: Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan title: Reply to “COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue”: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284833-g914vww5 author: Qiu, Tingting title: Chinese guidelines related to novel coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284833-g914vww5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285207-hsbzcpl3 author: Facchin, Federico title: COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284910-vjcrhwqz author: Kirresh, Ali title: COVID-19 infection and high intracoronary thrombus burden date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284756-jhwd6q0c author: Baddour, Khalil title: Potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285069-duiowb88 author: García-Pachón, Eduardo title: Asma y EPOC en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285069-duiowb88.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284965-6hss53nu author: Evans, M. V. title: Reconciling model predictions with low reported cases of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Madagascar date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284498-54j6ys8s author: Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah title: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285327-m0yaa1oa author: Vuitton, Dominique A. title: A plea for the pathogenic role of immune complexes in severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285060-hzyf7w0k author: Cruz, Misael C. title: Adapting to the contemporary normal in cancer management and workflow during COVID-19 situation in the Philippines: Multi-cancer center collaborative approach date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285051-jmdfyydc author: Fan, Wen-juan title: Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284820-29uiq6at author: Wang, Junfeng title: Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Air Quality in Northern China date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284983-xvtkso79 author: Vigiola Cruz, Mariana title: Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284298-tcied4l5 author: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285202-aiap6z9u author: Short, Briana title: Rapid implementation of a mobile prone team during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285360-svczr721 author: Ganesh, Aravind title: Ignorance is not bliss: managing uncertainty in acute stroke treatment in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285360-svczr721.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285360-svczr721.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285360-svczr721.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285111-qjclp51i author: Davanzo, Riccardo title: Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285349-850n4pot author: Omarjee, Loukman title: Can Ticagrelor be used to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285349-850n4pot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285407-h9og17i9 author: Annunziata, Salvatore title: Surveys on COVID-19 in nuclear medicine: what happened and what we learned date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285406-mlpqvshk author: Van Praet, Jens T. title: Prevention of nosocomial COVID-19: Another challenge of the pandemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284786-pua14ogz author: Coker, Eric S. title: The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285395-vybruu3o author: Polat, Veli title: Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285254-8a1cia8s author: Parry, Nicola M.A. title: COVID-19 and pets: When pandemic meets panic date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284883-bkydu285.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author: Gavriilaki, Eleni title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285370-qv64xzjh author: Dandel, Michael title: Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection: the role of echocardiography in patient management date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285223-07o9irev author: Malik, Usman Rashid title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285223-07o9irev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285472-cj5r3xt1 author: Kaur, Parminder title: Acute upper limb ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284519-cufyqv7h author: Singu, Sravani title: Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284925-vy2li9lz author: Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu title: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author: Bein, Berthold title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285428-fcrunf38 author: Halstead, Scott B. title: COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284946-3y16j3ts author: Addo, Isaac Yeboah title: Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284038-93s3ffoy author: Keyhanian, Kiandokht title: SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285103-lj2vmbik author: Louie, Philip K. title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Surgeons Worldwide date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285369-ktg2b9jb author: Mohamed, Mouhand F. H. title: Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285490-tpsf05ca author: Solís, José Gabriel title: Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285187-1h5tjs0r author: Kuchenbuch, Mathieu title: An accelerated shift in the use of remote systems in epilepsy due to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284979-lyt98od1 author: Sia, Charmaine Si Min title: Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Proposed Clinical Management Strategy date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285491-ad6jiqh9 author: Lazzerini, Marzia title: Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285579-gvgt55o4 author: Asif, Rehan title: Rare complication of COVID-19 presenting as isolated headache date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285681-nv1aa116 author: Lesniewski, Andrew title: Estimating population immunity without serological testing date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285384-xay5aw7y author: Naser, A. Y. title: Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284573-w0sk622m author: Caduff, Carlo title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285397-rc65rv6r author: Comfort, Louise title: Crisis Decision Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285484-owpnhplk author: Salfi, F. title: Changes of evening exposure to electronic devices during the COVID-19 lockdown affect the time course of sleep disturbances date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285486-99trkti1 author: Abd-Elsalam, Sherief title: Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285486-99trkti1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285533-f1fonmo6 author: Zeng, Jia title: Clinical efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285228-famhbr16 author: Larsen, Joseph R. title: Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285228-famhbr16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285521-lvzdmtun author: Olagundoye, Olawunmi title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285277-8w03car3 author: Hare, Nathan title: COVID-19: Unmasking Telemedicine. date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285277-8w03car3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285526-xm9yj5ua author: Gill, Balvinder Singh title: Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285414-vd2d7db2 author: Yu, Qian title: Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285711-2utcn0hw author: Elliott, Robert title: COVID-19 Related Mortality During Management of a Hepatic Abscess date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285726-eav5gr3y author: Tran, B. X. title: Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285291-pep4opiq author: Remy, Kenneth E. title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285402-x86yw525 author: Banskota, Swechya title: 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285402-x86yw525.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285729-plbv62nz author: Lucchetti, Giancarlo title: Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285755-zblitbo0 author: Zhang, F. title: Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single center retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285820-g8b7u3yf author: Taxonera, Carlos title: Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on Patient-Reported Experience Measures date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285922-4gge917e author: Yusuff, Hakeem title: Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285922-4gge917e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285232-0p27ez9i author: Boriani, Giuseppe title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical activities related to arrhythmias and electrophysiology in Italy: results of a survey promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing) date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286222-8gfo2c87 author: Chandra, Dr Prabha S title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285731-nr7fmydo author: Mikhael, Ehab Mudher title: Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation date: 2020-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285502-rvv64190 author: Yang, Lie title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285502-rvv64190.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285890-tbh54zju author: Yuan, Niu title: Investigation of adverse reactions in healthcare personnel working in Level 3 barrier protection PPE to treat COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author: Huang, Rui title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285642-43sqmffe author: Topriceanu, C.-C. title: Inequality in access to health and care services during lockdown - Findings from the COVID-19 survey in five UK national longitudinal studies date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286238-s64eueie author: Angelidis, G. title: A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286238-s64eueie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286133-h8jgwe4z author: Gattinoni, Luciano title: Reply by Gattinoni et al. to Hedenstierna et al., to Maley et al., to Fowler et al., to Bhatia and Mohammed, to Bos, to Koumbourlis and Motoyama, and to Haouzi et al. date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286084-2275xvxb author: Dixit, Alok title: Ivermectin: Potential Role as Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286227-foeb0g7u author: Potekaev, Nikolai N. title: Clinical characteristics of dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 infection: case series of 15 patients, review of literature, and proposed etiological classification date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285739-0enn5bzn author: Gutiérrez Rodríguez, José title: Variables asociadas a mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285510-qrivd52o author: Zokaeinikoo, M. title: AIDCOV: An Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Model for Detection of COVID-19 from Chest Radiography Images date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285829-adz819gj author: Maneenop, Sakkakom title: The impacts of COVID-19 on the global airline industry:An event study approach date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285829-adz819gj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285955-fzm6036f author: Nasir, N. title: Treatment of ARDS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 with IL-6 antagonist Tocilizumab: a tertiary care experience from Pakistan date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286142-mx7u635d author: Ashby, Michael A. title: Life Goes On date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286335-benansqq author: Faqihi, Fahad title: Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286335-benansqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286335-benansqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286335-benansqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286186-93atag0q author: Hansen, Jan-Cedric title: Commentaire cindynique sur l’épidémiologie de la pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286186-93atag0q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284944-hcgfe9wv author: Silvin, Aymeric title: Elevated calprotectin and abnormal myeloid cell subsets discriminate severe from mild COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285806-363ivs67 author: Magro, Giuseppe title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the 'culprit lesion' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285806-363ivs67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285993-n5fmah6a author: Stahl, Klaus title: Injury to the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285469-b61y9ezi author: Hernández-Fernández, Francisco title: Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286144-6wtk5y7c author: Tini, Giulia title: Semantic and Geographical Analysis of COVID-19 Trials Reveals a Fragmented Clinical Research Landscape Likely to Impair Informativeness date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285944-8lapwnuw author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286110-alix1s1w author: Fitzgerald, Dominic A. title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on children, families and the future date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285467-uxfk6k3c author: Ragni, Enrico title: Management of osteoarthritis during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286241-ej9guh4d author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285580-gq7400tq author: Pieretti, Joana C. title: Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles – potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286526-3070a2cy author: Raval, Jay S. title: Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285588-ug7upa3r author: Ajibade, Ayomikun title: Telemedicine in cardiovascular surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and our experience date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286408-bhrrb5s7 author: nan title: Medical sequelae of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286293-f5qg7vcz author: Ullah, Waqas title: COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285897-ahysay2l author: Wu, Guangyao title: Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Severity Risk Prediction and Triage of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission: an International Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286419-jyvj3mo2 author: Rahaman Khan, Hasinur title: Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286146-im42752g author: Nakamura, Hiroki title: Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286146-im42752g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286146-im42752g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286146-im42752g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286552-4ip0yl0n author: Romero, Carolina S. title: COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285872-rnayrws3 author: Elgendi, Mohamed title: The Performance of Deep Neural Networks in Differentiating Chest X-Rays of COVID-19 Patients From Other Bacterial and Viral Pneumonias date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286403-gdkwabcj author: Rosovsky, Rachel P. title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285818-eh12luma author: Louis, Shreya title: Continuous Electroencephalography Characteristics and Acute Symptomatic Seizures in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285818-eh12luma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286525-0354438s author: Lee, Todd C. title: Tocilizumab versus the covid19 tempest: all’s well that ends well or much ado about nothing? date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286525-0354438s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286525-0354438s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286525-0354438s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285574-i0dh1u5i author: Ferini-Strambi, Luigi title: COVID-19 and neurological disorders: are neurodegenerative or neuroimmunological diseases more vulnerable? date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285960-1zuhilmu author: Conly, John title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286168-019rcbpg author: Vindegaard, Nina title: COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285513-pkqos0s5 author: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina title: Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285946-1q4k5bnh author: Birk, Rubinder title: Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286418-9ho5fg3h author: Jenkins, Ian title: Lessons from Walking the Medical Distancing Tightrope date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286415-flo3dqsm author: Fried, Justin A. title: The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285435-fu90vb2z author: Björklund, Tua A. title: Expanding entrepreneurial solution spaces in times of crisis: Business model experimentation amongst packaged food and beverage ventures date: 2020-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285748-us5do6c2 author: Cheng, Yongqian title: SARS-CoV-2-Related Kidney Injury: Current Concern and Challenges date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286280-bxfea097 author: Chang, Connie Y. title: Symptomatic COVID-19 infections in outpatient image-guided corticosteroid injection patients during the lockdown phase date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286280-bxfea097.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286523-4ip8er0h author: Grippaudo, Francesca Romana title: The impact of COVID-19 in plastic surgery departments: a comparative retrospective study in a COVID-19 and in a non-COVID-19 hospital date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286520-oh95lnf9 author: Levi, Marcel title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy—Either, Neither, or Both date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286365-fy0a8mb4 author: ElHawary, Hassan title: Bibliometric Analysis of Early COVID-19 Research: The Top 50 Cited Papers date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286485-tt9ysg0w author: Lucius, M. title: ROBUST COVID-19-RELATED CONDITION CLASSIFICATION NETWORK date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286885-eih8a6ul author: Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad title: One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286194-2emwfx89 author: Mirzaei, Hossein title: COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286269-vrjyj2y1 author: Sagheb, Setareh title: Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286740-1esvgcxp author: Singh, S. title: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ZINC IN COVID-19 INFECTIONS AND MORTALITY: IS ZINC DEFICIENCY A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19? date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286543-mtjk59rp author: Al-Zaman, Md. Sayeed title: Healthcare Crisis in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286915-lhxg4vjn author: Keller, Brian C. title: Early COVID‐19 infection after lung transplantation date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286413-a7wue2e3 author: Cohen, Isaac V. title: Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286644-fafqg4i3 author: Paramore, Louise title: Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients. date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285979-ha5nszxi author: Rojas, Manuel title: Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286853-9gbel3pq author: Kim, Jiwon title: Prognostic Utility of Right Ventricular Remodeling Over Conventional Risk Stratification in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286544-ipmcqz8n author: Cheng, Biao title: Predictors of progression from moderate to severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286576-nirg7jdq author: Wang, Jiangshan title: Separate Fever Clinics Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 and Offload Emergency Resources: Analysis from a large tertiary hospital in China date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286957-qmh35xyy author: Aziz, Muhammad title: The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286341-16tghl48 author: CONCHA-MEJIA, A. title: CCOFEE-GI Study: Colombian COVID19 First Experience in Gastroentrology. Characterization of digestive manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a highly complex institution in Bogota D.C., Colombia date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286341-16tghl48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286220-0einpgeu author: Moreira, Diana Nadine title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286573-k4khwvt7 author: Peng, Michael title: The Role of the Ocular Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286441-nl3kuqw3 author: Murray, D. D. title: Design and implementation of the multi-arm, multi-stage Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) platform master protocol: An Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) initiative date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286193-3yy9exry author: Burton, Jennifer K title: Evolution and effects of COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: a population analysis in 189 care homes in one geographical region of the UK date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286709-rend93ng author: Kim, D.H. title: Personal protective equipment availability and usage amongst pediatric otorhinolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286709-rend93ng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286565-bmcsyfz9 author: Akdeniz, Gulsum title: A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286932-2gjnpqqa author: Lee, Yung title: Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287100-xkp8a9b9 author: López-Díaz, Álvaro title: COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: Time for Collaborative Research date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286887-s8lvimt3 author: Nour, Majid title: A Novel Medical Diagnosis model for COVID-19 infection detection based on Deep Features and Bayesian Optimization date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287094-73o7xxgt author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: In Reference to Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286960-uz34fjyp author: Ali, Nurshad title: Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287057-1g5i8li4 author: Rabiller, G title: Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria en Argentina durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287444-vk3fdroq author: Quadri, Nasreen S. title: Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287191-e8073l9p author: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287220-mpnuhqwg author: Giuliani, C. title: Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286799-q9p5kg65 author: Huang, Huang title: Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 Pneumonia Progression to Severe Symptoms Based on Earlier Clinical Features: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287161-hqrql1lh author: McGrail, D. E. title: COVID-19 Case Series at UnityPoint Health St. Lukes Hospital in Cedar Rapids, IA date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287027-ahoo6j3o author: Lai, Yuan title: Unsupervised Learning for County-Level Typological Classification for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287176-1hm0ua2s author: Solarino, Biagio title: Covid-19 pandemic and pediatric healthcare policy in Italy: time for a change date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286923-o4fj8kx0 author: Berhan, Yifru title: What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287336-jvc1e8cq author: Sass, J. title: The German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO): A standardized dataset for COVID-19 research date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286958-e1ey31eo author: Patel, Urvish title: Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286975-id5dn795 author: Carlitz, Ruth D. title: Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286975-id5dn795.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286237-x6dr6rsh author: Maes, Bastiaan title: Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287625-dysdzjj1 author: Siddaway, Andy P title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287102-o19uwryp author: Amit, Moran title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287626-lnao60co author: Gaspar, R. title: Trends in cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287626-lnao60co.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287338-pws42iay author: Gendelman, Omer title: Continuous hydroxychloroquine or colchicine therapy does not prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a large healthcare database analysis date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287338-pws42iay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286560-lhbp4nn0 author: Eckermann, Marina title: 3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287011-yd8ayqgc author: Rajajee, Venkatakrishna title: Use of a Novel Negative-Pressure Tent During Bedside Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286901-whvq8y1p author: Vidali, Sofia title: D-dimer as an indicator of prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287676-qh7zeyyx author: Angoulvant, François title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287507-1xb2hipt author: Rubio-San-Simón, A. title: Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286298-pn9nwl64 author: Helmy, Yosra A. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286638-bqxyb61p author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287281-x30fx97e author: Thorpy, Michael title: Management of Sleep Apnea in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287721-qsx1eov0 author: Berman, Adam E title: Elective cardiovascular care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: managing tragic choices date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287361-cpd4yl6c author: Ng, Qin Xiang title: The Wounded Healer: A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author: Jin, Xi title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287091-a3nieh5p author: Kumar, Anuj title: Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287076-uxuff57y author: Wolfson, Julia A. title: Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287321-1ro10ujr author: Alpaydin, Aylin Ozgen title: Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis of Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Viruses in the Era of Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287136-3cml1shh author: Dopfer, Christian title: COVID-19 related reduction in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization – a concerning trend date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287303-b7vg439c author: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287872-i6cahnxd author: Wendt, F. R. title: Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes and in over 1 million participants date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287734-q7ae4dyf author: Brosnahan, Shari B. title: Thrombosis at Hospital Presentation in Patients with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287497-93oiiqqi author: Tagliamento, Marco title: Italian survey on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287247-vv0zc0gd author: Gutman, Julie R. title: Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19? date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287785-rs306oyq author: English, Mike title: Systems and implementation science should be part of the COVID-19 response in low resource settings date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287823-avi14ee5 author: Wong, Martin CS title: The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287203-8ml2ic4a author: Moreno, G. title: Revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad pronóstica del dímero-D, coagulación intravascular diseminada y tratamiento anticoagulante en pacientes graves con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287376-wxldnlih author: Krüger, Colin M. title: Can surgery follow the dictates of the pandemic “keep your distance”? Requirements with COVID-19 for hygiene, resources and the team date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287520-51kmd2ds author: Carneiro, Arie title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287648-nhsn4cru author: Cameli, Matteo title: Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287918-hf9cyr16 author: Smith, S. title: Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes and obesity is associated with severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287508-133inel2 author: Vasudevan, Rajiv S. title: Persistent Value of the Stethoscope in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287508-133inel2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287508-133inel2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287508-133inel2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287505-ihqzpdar author: Narain, Sonali title: Comparative Survival Analysis of Immunomodulatory Therapy for COVID-19 'Cytokine Storm' date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287607-d3k26aar author: Emamaullee, Juliet title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288038-jdinf8od author: Thindwa, Deus title: Use of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults to reduce COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287470-otsts5c9 author: Kim, So Mi title: Perception and attitudes of medical students on clinical clerkship in the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287640-9j0w7191 author: Ilesanmi, Olayinka title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288066-sh6n2c3n author: Mohamed, Mohamed S. title: Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287644-ay0vv27m author: Blackall, Douglas title: Rapid Establishment of a COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma Program in a Regional Healthcare Delivery Network date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288174-w7rw9bej author: Shirai, Tsuyoshi title: COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287459-k9x3z2h1 author: Abu-Farha, Mohamed title: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288139-nq85fqux author: Tabish, Hilary B. title: Back to the basics: Hand washing is public health 101 and it works to slow down the spread of viruses date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287544-n32iscmr author: Solaimanzadeh, Isaac title: Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts author: Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan title: Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287222-wojyisu0 author: Zhou, Min title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288030-69e8cmy2 author: Ardakani, Ali Abbasian title: Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287776-ylui7ls8 author: Murillo-Zamora, E. title: Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287875-jy9mzets author: Ambrosetti, Maria Chiara title: Rapid onset of bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Pneumonia: two cases studied with CT date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288020-vhtr3l0w author: Côté, Andréanne title: Early prediction of the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019: A key step in therapeutic decision making date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288080-rr9e61ay author: Mohadab, Mohamed El title: Bibliometric method for mapping the state of the art of scientific production in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287957-diyz54qy author: Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta title: Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287781-bvintr10 author: Sakka, Mehdi title: Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287781-bvintr10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287653-69nfi379 author: Lacy, J. Matthew title: COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287653-69nfi379.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287440-xy8o1mhs author: Caci, Barbara title: Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay Between Boredom, Fantasy Engagement, and Perceived Control Over Time date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288307-6dlw2klz author: Fisher, Bryant title: The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author: Brown, Teneille R title: When The Wrong People Are Immune date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287452-nslygsdf author: Hamam, Asmaa Abu title: Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287949-243xlmep author: Onovo, A. A. title: Using Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging to reveal Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory Data Analysis date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287949-243xlmep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288092-x3fdxnbr author: Fonseca, Mario title: Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287732-abzpfdcu author: Martindale, Robert title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288130-efffulhk author: Herrera, Miguel A Rubio title: Obesidad en tiempos de covid-19. Un desafío de salud global date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288130-efffulhk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6 author: Wang, Ling title: Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288070-qwax5tg9 author: Robilotti, E. V. title: Determinants of Severity in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287156-3plpi6i9 author: Lassandro, Giuseppe title: Children in Coronaviruses’ Wonderland: What Clinicians Need to Know date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287221-oh7lnxwt author: Kock, Florian title: Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288051-wp8v2mc5 author: Sánchez-González, Álvaro title: What Should Be Known by a Urologist About the Medical Management of COVID-19’s Patients? date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288311-8kcturbn author: Fassihi, Safa C. title: Novel Approach for Low‐Dose Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288271-p074ffpt author: Mathies, D. title: A Case of SARS‐CoV‐2‐pneumonia with successful antiviral therapy in a 77‐year‐old male with heart transplant date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287196-re4sosff author: Shahzad, Fakhar title: Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287196-re4sosff.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287684-z3l9tsir author: Johnson, Sonia title: Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288025-skkpkqw6 author: Eslami, Hadi title: The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288102-iom6lu7o author: Han, Jing title: Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and viral shedding duration date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author: Wellbelove, Zoe title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287742-y1j9x5ne author: Lee, Kai Wei title: Stroke and Novel Coronavirus Infection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288336-io1t141z author: Singh, Rahul title: Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288336-io1t141z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288304-80bn2wgd author: Sun, Y. title: The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288264-xs08g2cy author: Ulahannan, Jijo Pulickiyil title: A citizen science initiative for open data and visualization of COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala, India date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288197-drto66xt author: Chen, Huijun title: Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records date: 2020-02-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288197-drto66xt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288443-f11r6zup author: Bowman, Ryan title: Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288184-fa1niz51 author: Kwon, Chan-Young title: Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288679-57ftpsmx author: Ramirez, David A. title: Resident Perspectives on COVID-19: Three Takeaways date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288195-3lcs77uf author: Bilal, Mohammad title: What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288647-qul4sz7w author: Edigin, Ehizogie title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288526-5zag3krb author: Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu title: Normal weight obesity and COVID-19 severity: A poorly recognized link date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288566-7dtmjzj9 author: Chai, Ningli title: The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288067-36amafub author: Ashraf, Mohammad Ali title: COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288067-36amafub.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288067-36amafub.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288067-36amafub.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288485-m3g88fl2 author: Lam, Katherine W title: Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288732-k763ejqb author: ElMajjaoui, Sanaa title: COVID-19, Brachytherapy, and Gynecologic Cancers: a Moroccan Experience date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288738-anouedix author: Mathew, Rishi Philip title: The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288738-anouedix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288738-anouedix.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-288738-anouedix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288490-l40t76la author: Omboni, Stefano title: Telemedicine During the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288490-l40t76la.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288675-d4p3sj7u author: Sauer, François title: Tamponnade & COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288867-iicfe7il author: Bauch, Chris T title: COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced? date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288931-d4fyitnk author: Parisi, Valentina title: Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1β a potential target date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288634-7g2kg2tz author: Bres Bullrich, Maria title: COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286683-mettlmhz author: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288331-n0n69axw author: Ozturk, Ayse Bilge title: Change in Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288575-srpc68t8 author: Yamakage, Michiaki title: Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288903-vxeq1afx author: Lodha, Rakesh title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288997-cb7ndzqt author: Dey, Thonmoy Josh title: Ethnicity and COVID-19 - A commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288394-h9hozu9j author: Kheirallah, Khalid A. title: The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288865-5hu8i546 author: Xu, Gang title: New view on older adults with COVID-19: comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes” date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288508-749im18d author: Sourdin, Tania title: Court Innovations and Access to Justice in Times of Crisis date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288508-749im18d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288508-749im18d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288508-749im18d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288919-3ay39zf5 author: Müller, Helmut title: Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288502-qqg41daz author: Martini, Katharina title: Patterns of organizing pneumonia and microinfarcts as surrogate for endothelial disruption and microangiopathic thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288836-bygcyxpz author: Manes, Gianpiero title: Planning Phase Two for Endoscopic Units in Northern Italy after the COVID-19 lockdown: an exit strategy with a lot of critical issues and a few opportunities date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288843-zxv5vsro author: Ianiro, Gianluca title: Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288787-9g2vpdj3 author: Bitonti, Giovanna title: Being an Obstetrics and Gynaecology Resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on the residency training program date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288810-ab7k70c4 author: Zheng, Yingyan title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288255-p8uzrsbd author: Goossens, Gijs H. title: Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288580-onzzpkye author: HALAÇLI, Burçin title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288720-bd86zswo author: Lin, Sheng title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 161 discharged cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288552-7lp07v5i author: Vahedi, Ensieh title: The clinical value of two combination regimens in the Management of Patients Suffering from Covid-19 pneumonia: a single centered, retrospective, observational study date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288568-fjdjuksm author: Huang, Yuanyuan title: Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289201-pcnba40n author: Janus, Scott E. title: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289046-frhpt8n9 author: Fix, Oren K. title: Telemedicine and Telehepatology During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289078-wauwq841 author: Roxby, Alison C title: Lessons from Sweden: where can older adults shelter from COVID-19? date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289078-wauwq841.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288863-buis3y21 author: Henry, Robert title: Innovations in Agriculture and Food Supply in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288863-buis3y21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288500-ko4eda9w author: Zheng, Ruijun title: Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288371-uyj4iske author: Arrieta, Oscar title: Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The THOCOoP cooperative group date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289115-bntcn0m6 author: Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan title: Role of Dupilumab in Approved Indications of COVID-19 Patient: an Efficacy-Based Nonsystematic Critical Analysis date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288922-1lry9wkn author: Aamir, Alifiya title: Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289111-6725jg29 author: Field, Nicholas C. title: Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289111-6725jg29.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288983-a6s9di4g author: Su, Sheng-Fang title: How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289088-7uoia564 author: Ding, Qiang title: The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289088-7uoia564.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289029-6vcjioon author: Suri, Abdul Wahab title: The Rejuvenation of the Withering Nation State and Bio-power: The New Dynamics of Human Interaction date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288403-m6qe57he author: Abbas, K. M. title: Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289041-lhc53uk4 author: Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal title: Is the paradigm of community pharmacy practice expected to shift due to COVID-19? date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289235-slkqu1pt author: Carrabba, Giorgio title: Neurosurgery in an infant with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288559-7m6sh5xx author: Bhattarai, S. title: Assessment of service availability and Infection prevention measures in hospitals of Nepal during the transition phase of COVID-19 case surge date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289103-6i7wf41w author: McElyea, Christine title: Lung ultrasound artifacts in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289154-rwk2wajl author: Yeo, Danson title: COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289272-bhq4t850 author: Rosario, Denes K.A. title: Relationship between COVID-19 and weather: Case study in a tropical country date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289168-h27tkdal author: Froelich, Sébastien title: Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top? date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289304-9srk0ohb author: Bagnato, Sergio title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288632-2aliqy8p author: Phillips, Nicole title: The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289266-4830qw10 author: Borchert, Alex title: Managing Urology Consultations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289266-4830qw10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author: Salazar, M. R. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289091-djv4syy4 author: Ullah, Waqas title: Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289312-3vehcvhc author: Akintayo, Richard O title: COVID-19 and African rheumatology: progress in adversity date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288998-0by0bkgs author: Colarusso, Chiara title: A lesson from a saboteur: high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) impact in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289524-jw4i2ccd author: Rossi, Esther Diana title: International perspectives: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289445-t9qnsddo author: Rocha, Breno Amaral title: Why it is crucial to maintain oral care for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289315-8bfafpe0 author: Trubiano, J. A. title: COVID-MATCH65 - A prospectively derived clinical decision rule for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289006-7dv1zsp9 author: Tan, Kimberly-Anne title: Addressing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Spine Surgery: A Rapid National Consensus Using the Delphi Method via Teleconference date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289349-imkgpwn0 author: Qiu, Li title: Strong immunity in the early two years of age links to frequent immunization of routine vaccines date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288493-i15rb8d2 author: Rother, N. title: Hydroxychloroquine inhibits trained immunity - implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289563-xdyaw1vg author: Tsioufis, Konstantinos title: Unveiling the mystery of “missing” emergencies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a generalized phenomenon with unclarified implications date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288770-hquc2v2c author: Gupta, Rajan title: A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289399-ij23mvma author: nan title: Facing the future—what lessons could we learn from Covid-19? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289490-u0f0zyad author: Lumba, Rishi title: Neonate Born to a Mother with a Diagnosis of Suspected Intra-Amniotic Infection versus COVID-19 or Both date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289144-d6fgs8qg author: Sieńko, Jerzy title: COVID-19: The Influence of ACE Genotype and ACE-I and ARBs on the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Elderly Patients date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289335-9agazyre author: DeWit, Andrew title: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289335-9agazyre.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289370-3n56low4 author: Kim, Hong Nyun title: A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289370-3n56low4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289476-8wh3hn0n author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID - 19 BRIEF INTRODUCTION IN MENTAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND PATIENTS date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289175-n95j94ck author: GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title: Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289855-11pkt4uu author: Bhargava, Shashank title: Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID‐19: All hands on deck date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289574-engwi8h3 author: An, Peng-jiao title: Biochemical indicators of coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbation and the clinical implications date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289533-hip9qtu5 author: Smulever, Anabella title: Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289684-rvbofsmb author: Fisher, Jennifer title: COVID-19 associated parotitis: A case report date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289377-2vqqabum author: Yubero, P. title: Evidence for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from epidemiological data series date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289282-4oz6r7op author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289067-ptqzvsdw author: Bansal, Priya title: Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289101-ko1knslk author: Fu, Weihui title: An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-κ plus TFF2 with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288421-sgzg7ndp author: Grobler, Corlia title: Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289064-435bp4rt author: Muniangi-Muhitu, Hermine title: Covid-19 and Diabetes: A Complex Bidirectional Relationship date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289575-2kxhav4q author: Kearsley, R. title: The COVID‐19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge? date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289722-cc05jqb6 author: Bendtsen Cano, Oliva title: COVID-19 Modelling: the Effects of Social Distancing date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289655-umc2t7du author: Parohan, Mohammad title: Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289522-7u3d6nfc author: Ebrahimi, Mina title: COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289496-d8ac6l6o author: Chen, Min title: The introduction of population migration to SEIAR for COVID-19 epidemic modelling with an efficient intervention strategy date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289825-9hpegqlh author: Lazarus, Gilbert title: Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author: Neuwirth, C. title: Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289859-b1k9uyp6 author: Hodges, Kevin title: Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289854-p8okfa4b author: Flores, Gabriel title: Spontaneous Brainstem Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Setting of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 – A Case Report date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289498-6hf3axps author: Tull, Matthew T. title: The Prospective Influence of COVID-19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289008-c4cu3vrp author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290001-603qy8ml author: Pimentel, Lígia L. title: Cholesterol, inflammation, and phospholipids: COVID-19 share traits with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290000-4ko413xm author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Editorial: Herd mentality, herds of migrants/people, and COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author: Xiao, Huidi title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289114-ifnk41oq author: Singh, Angaraj title: Effect of pre‐existing diseases on COVID‐19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv author: Wang, Peng-Wei title: Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290057-tj97q2py author: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title: Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289917-2mxd7zxf author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling tempo of COVID‐19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289647-14ba5sro author: Panuganti, Bharat A. title: Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289873-6hivjqof author: Lu, Rui title: Patients with mild and general COVID-19 should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharged date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290053-2i0lqs12 author: Wang, Weiping title: Radiotherapy after the easing of public restrictions during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author: Harris, Carlyn title: An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287758-da11ypiy author: Mônica Vitalino de Almeida, Sinara title: COVID-19 therapy: what weapons do we bring into battle? date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289760-tjqd1srq author: Prats-Uribe, A. title: Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289719-64ugdvfe author: Tenforde, Mark W. title: Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020 date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289832-092dtzrd author: Villard, Orianne title: The Plasmatic Aldosterone and C-Reactive Protein Levels, and the Severity of Covid-19: The Dyhor-19 Study date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290325-vozu14wg author: O’Brien, Ciara M. title: Collateral damage: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute abdominal emergency presentations date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290309-6i82ieim author: Zini, Gina title: Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290040-29mmwi6z author: Mcloughlin, B. C. title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289763-jek2pd31 author: Fisher, Kimberly A. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290429-0d34abdo author: Elengoe, Asita title: COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290297-efo9f7c5 author: Vaillancourt, Mylene title: The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289890-sf2uxubd author: Rushworth, S. A. title: Performance and health economic evaluation of the Mount Sinai COVID-19 serological assay identifies modification of thresholding as necessary to maximise specificity of the assay date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289904-u3et3we5 author: Martinez, G.S. title: Protect the vulnerable from extreme heat during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289588-n61gz7pi author: Samudrala, Pavan Kumar title: Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290116-ytpofa7b author: Sujath, R. title: A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290392-kpjp0sx4 author: Li, Xu title: Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289921-2x6011gr author: Aldarhami, Abdu title: Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing “Staying-at-Home” During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289612-4x5t4c5u author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: COVID-19 paraclinical diagnostic tools: Updates and future trends date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289372-bk348l32 author: Lin, Chung‐Ying title: Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID‐19 preventive behaviours date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289372-bk348l32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290041-zxlq63n5 author: Srivastava, Arnav title: Delaying Surgery for Clinical T1b-T2bN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Implications in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290314-ldv9hsv1 author: Cortis, Dominic title: On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author: Lord, Heidi title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290295-gl144dh9 author: Martínez-López, Joaquín title: Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290085-gsma97ja author: Satici, Begum title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290458-5fwbh9t9 author: Lal, Preet title: The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290372-vv47wnqk author: Zhang, Yufang title: Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290256-mkfg7nar author: Ren, Zhigang title: A Randomized, Open‐label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID‐19, A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289905-dvl2pud2 author: Gan, Rosemary title: COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290523-pqah68j8 author: Waite, Roberta title: Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290123-scd9u8ix author: Mustafa, Mujahed I. title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290551-a02tueuu author: Singh, Shailendra title: Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author: Stachowska, Ewa title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290341-ei768v4s author: Anstey, D. Edmund title: The cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac Intensivist during the COVID-19 surge in New York City() date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290522-icjt8bbw author: Sablerolles, Roos S G title: COvid MEdicaTion (COMET) study: protocol for a cohort study date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289613-4ep4a3sn author: Zahra, Shaker A. title: International entrepreneurship in the post Covid world date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290636-x8cevt8d author: Ruiz-Quinonez, J. A. title: Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290419-angcz55b author: Tran, Bach Xuan title: Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-Being and Quality of Life of the Vietnamese During the National Social Distancing date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290419-angcz55b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290619-e4h47fo4 author: Castiglioni, Massimo title: SURGICAL RESECTIONS OF SUPERINFECTED PNEUMATOCELES IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290740-vt4txzfx author: Zhang, H. title: Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289852-4uxb70rh author: Kassem, Dina H. title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Game Changer for the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289907-wzctqkd7 author: Elimian, K. O. title: Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290731-xp7pgbkd author: Balmforth, D. title: Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Midst of a Pandemic: Operative outcomes and maintaining a COVID-19-free environment. date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290712-flj352ql author: Bi, Jianping title: Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290712-flj352ql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290471-xg9d4dex author: Coleman, Brian C title: Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author: Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title: Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289919-iqa5pxda author: Deng, Shichang title: Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290209-gkx57lyq author: Losurdo, Pasquale title: Impact of lockdown for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on surgical site infection rates: a monocentric observational cohort study date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290694-jmav8xi4 author: Bridgland, Victoria M. E. title: Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290490-u3mkfvxw author: Armstrong-James, Darius title: Confronting and mitigating the risk of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290653-48swl1aq author: Teng, Margaret title: Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290267-ke696q8j author: Fang, Huilin title: Impact of comorbidities on clinical prognosis in 1280 patients with different types of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290611-fhaguv3f author: Ghio, Stefano title: Cardiac involvement at presentation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their outcome in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289542-u86ujtur author: Razavian, Narges title: A validated, real-time prediction model for favorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290195-8uaai9nv author: Stebbing, Justin title: Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence‐predicted testing in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290500-v2n8godx author: Cardinali, Daniel P. title: Elderly as a High-risk Group during COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Circadian Misalignment, Sleep Dysregulation and Melatonin Administration date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290815-08rafcek author: McMaster, David title: COVID‐19: opportunities for professional development and disruptive innovation date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290815-08rafcek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290594-dvco042c author: Sofia, Soccorsa title: Thoracic ultrasound and SARS-COVID-19: a pictorial essay date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290594-dvco042c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290921-dozqofrm author: Tan, Limin title: Choice behavior of commuters' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290841-lo84h1yf author: Lim, Rodrick title: Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290939-tqi0v1w8 author: Boon, Ian S. title: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290766-aoyvdyra author: Brancalion, Pedro H.S. title: Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290814-j3sp3dq9 author: Song, Jehun title: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290832-zmj59rc3 author: Recinella, Guerino title: Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a monocentric study date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290947-5ewpvo4j author: Carda, Stefano title: The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician's view date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290677-3gdcyrrz author: De Virgiliis, Francesco title: Lung innervation in the eye of a cytokine storm: neuroimmune interactions and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291023-vltxefr7 author: Murt, Ahmet title: Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation? date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290592-c9bsielo author: Wang, Rui title: The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290895-tb0xald0 author: Indu, Purushothaman title: Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290955-m2igkcxv author: Asli, Rosmonaliza title: Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290950-v28kilvn author: Peyrony, Olivier title: Surfaces and equipment contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Emergency Department at a university hospital date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290995-ok6lsh9m author: Zhou, Xiang title: COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291265-qmylxndp author: Moravvej, Zahra title: COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290590-cmmkfokm author: Lee, Se Yoon title: Estimation of COVID-19 spread curves integrating global data and borrowing information date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291150-u9v7gp37 author: Zhang, Xiao title: Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291144-6p40cqvk author: Strom, Mark A. title: Reticular skin eruption as the initial sign of coronavirus disease 2019 infection date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290836-jldfrec9 author: Laosa, Olga title: Rapid assessment at hospital admission of mortality risk from COVID-19: the role of functional status date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290863-f0wpsaip author: Tenforde, Mark W. title: Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291016-c83fs5ih author: Gori, Tommaso title: Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290820-28ggcjx0 author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290428-zrlqzbss author: de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne title: Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291038-n8bk541m author: Bhala, Neeraj title: Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291018-5j4nt2qs author: Foddai, Alessandro title: Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291037-19csqq89 author: Janssen, Rob title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291037-19csqq89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291155-2fze1t92 author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290938-v7giuq53 author: Ochoa-Callejero, L. title: Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290856-6de0mwg0 author: Abbo, Aharon (Ronnie) title: Technological Developments and Strategic Management for Overcoming the COVID-19 Challenge within the Hospital Setting in Israel date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291275-qylkm2tn author: Khosravi, Mohsen title: The challenges ahead for patients with feeding and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291371-9wadja0w author: Zimmerman, R. K. title: Proposed Clinical Indicators for Efficient Screening and Testing for COVID-19 Infection from Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Analysis date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291311-5hw307v1 author: Xiao, Hongjun title: How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290771-18dj37dj author: Tzeng, Ching-Wei D. title: Cancer Surgery Scheduling During and After the COVID-19 First Wave: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290960-0kdv91j0 author: Rojas-Marte, G title: Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case–controlled study date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291168-4u4cssky author: Martin-Villares, Cristina title: Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291410-umaxozwk author: Gupta, Vishal title: COVID-19 and Acute Pancreatitis: What Do Surgeons Need to Know? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291146-f3e5ynhu author: Sarangarajan, Rangaprasad title: Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291414-kyi8tfqd author: Machado, Renato Assis title: Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291025-u5z8zji3 author: Karami, Parisa title: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291227-dgjieg7t author: Mandal, Manotosh title: A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291476-c2i14ili author: Coe, William H. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Inpatient Psychiatry Resident Supervision date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291188-ddw6ir08 author: Kip, K. E. title: Temporal Changes in Clinical Practice with COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Potential Explanations for Better In-Hospital Outcomes date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291032-l813q689 author: Shupler, M. title: COVID-19 Lockdown in a Kenyan Informal Settlement: Impacts on Household Energy and Food Security date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291032-l813q689.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291032-l813q689.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291032-l813q689.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291443-ff80mr2a author: AlMutlak, Mohammed title: Future of Corneal Donation and Transplantation: Insights From COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291244-o4isx15k author: Ikuyama, Yuichi title: Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291176-evb6yt0r author: Giorgi Rossi, Paolo title: Characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of COVID-19 patients in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Italy date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289535-srrfr1es author: Tregoning, J. S. title: Vaccines for COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290642-vlyingsf author: Kwon, S. title: Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291187-8mbvmw0u author: Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro title: The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291505-vt5vpp60 author: Rusconi, Chiara title: SARS-CoV-2 Interstitial Pneumonia Treated With Tocilizumab in a Patient Affected by Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291393-iht5zndl author: De Angelis, Giulia title: Confirmed or unconfirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Italian patients: a retrospective analysis of clinical features date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291184-uza4orb8 author: Lyra, Wladimir title: COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil. date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291271-movbn4dn author: Jahangiry, Leila title: Risk perception related to COVID-19 among the Iranian general population: an application of the extended parallel process model date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291745-2371k29o author: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291745-2371k29o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291190-f6km3c7z author: Nasi, Aikaterini title: Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290975-2kmvyovm author: Martinotti, Giovanni title: Psychopathological Burden and Quality of Life in Substance Users During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Italy date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291253-5mzcvfm4 author: Afzal, Waseem title: What we can learn from information flows about COVID‐19: Implications for research and practice date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291686-kgewmqg5 author: Patel, Surendra title: Prioritizing cardiovascular surgical care in COVID‐19 pandemic: Shall we operate or defer? date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291501-9dhldjjp author: Sarraf, David title: Is virtual existence our new reality? date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291661-hn1z0817 author: Wood, David A. title: Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291413-cgec7150 author: Al-Jehani, Hosam title: MENA-SINO Consensus Statement on Implementing Care Pathways for Acute Neurovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291413-cgec7150.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291555-zapdk7gs author: Bertomeu-González, Vicente title: Estimulación cardiaca tras pandemia de la COVID-19. Propuesta de desescalada de la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291613-pfgy9ztl author: Farshidpour, Maham title: A brief review of liver injury in patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 during the pandemic date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291756-ejh1r8h4 author: Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen title: Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291638-oatrjbo3 author: Kang, Dayun title: Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290952-tbsccwgx author: Ullah, Saif title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291526-aau0hnwx author: Ge, Fenfen title: Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291366-d5d9l0xr author: Eirale, Cristiano title: Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291735-b6dksrbx author: Sukut, Ozge title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291387-04inonzh author: Deering, Thomas F. title: COllaboration is a Valuable International/Interdisciplinary Directive for Electrophysiology Progress: NOvel & Tangible Important Lessons Learned COVID-EP: NOT ILL Digital health lessons learned from the COVID experience can improve arrhythmic outcomes date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291387-04inonzh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290987-644d1i1n author: Mostafa, Mohamed K. title: The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291581-oyhzot4z author: Malik, Fazila-Tun-Nesa title: Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of Healthcare Personnel With COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291483-ni6toh8c author: Kermani-Alghoraishi, Mohammad title: A Review of Venous Thromboembolism Phenomena in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291862-8c48m5hf author: Rahi, Manju title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mitigation Steps Provide a Blueprint for Malaria Control and Elimination date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291724-bwiyp73e author: Abdulmajeed, Kabir title: ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291849-cjeyz86e author: Baidal, Jennifer Woo title: Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Among Patients in New York City date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291226-xdq2edy0 author: Stefely, Jonathan A. title: Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID‐19 is associated with venous thromboembolism date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291315-y40s45iv author: Logunov, Denis Y title: Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291829-lyg6i2wv author: Alcázar-Navarrete, Bernardino title: Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291417-p49ukyhx author: Mikulska, Malgorzata title: Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291773-m65bhfzt author: Helton, Gabrielle title: “Definitely Mixed Feelings:” The effect of COVID-19 on bereavement in parents of children who died from cancer date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291709-x9llke60 author: Lin, Yulan title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291709-x9llke60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291627-5dqwyd9r author: Yadav, Rakhee title: SARS-CoV-2-host dynamics: Increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291886-phl8kh3f author: Anthi, Anastasia title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292056-dtdyxhq4 author: Ghogawala, Zoher title: Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291566-jwlvustd author: Wells Mulherin, Diana title: ASPEN Report on Nutrition Support Practice Processes With COVID‐19: The First Response date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291820-x4a4c4pv author: Nogueira, Marcelo Saito title: Ultraviolet-based biophotonic technologies for control and prevention of COVID-19, SARS and related disorders date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291234-rozpps6v author: Faye, C. title: A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD? date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291768-68xr2ycm author: Bankole, Taofik Olatunji title: Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region: mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time? date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291595-8241pjpe author: Mahmudpour, Mehdi title: COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292100-3ls0po4k author: Krishna, Sanjeev title: Repurposing antimalarials to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291687-kwu0otpi author: Judson, Gregory L. title: Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291397-look6ddt author: Roberto, Palumbo title: Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype? date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291397-look6ddt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291644-5y0ioety author: Akiyama, Tomohiro title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291851-xesef17i author: Wong, Yu-Jun title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 associated liver injury date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291851-xesef17i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291954-wormplcu author: Sakulkonkij, Parichart title: A family cluster of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) kidney transplant recipient in Thailand date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291954-wormplcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292180-sjmeyhan author: Guzman-Prado, Yuli title: Retraction of studies on potential drug therapies for COVID-19: A call for reliability and scientific integrity date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291624-fod0eyuj author: Malone, Robert W. title: COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291770-xqp4labe author: Attwood, Sophie title: How will the COVID-19 pandemic shape the future of meat consumption? date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291588-tp89j1kk author: Dorche, Maryam Sharifian title: Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author: Riechelmann, Rachel P title: Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291803-hsnz2qry author: Bhattacharjee, Barnali title: “The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health in USA – A Review with Some Coping Strategies” date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292295-57copxdc author: Grigoletto, Isis title: Recovery after COVID-19: The potential role of pulmonary rehabilitation date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292295-57copxdc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292015-pfvgpf7v author: Brouwer, A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in decedents in a large, urban medical examiner's office date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291809-b7sosrc7 author: Iacovoni, Attilio title: A case series of Novel-Coronavirus infection in heart transplantation from two centers in the pandemic area in the North of Italy date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292296-nocmabcg author: Shang, L. title: Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292235-ckm89lnm author: Kummer, Benjamin R. title: History of Stroke Is Independently Associated With In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292260-4zw08scs author: Mohamed-Hussein, A. title: Post-COVID-19 Functional Status: Relation to age, smoking, hospitalization and comorbidities date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292144-jprbp1ua author: Song, Haitao title: Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292407-7xjw1lsb author: Gil, Holly title: 48-year-old with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292054-x0saq938 author: Hashizume, Misato title: Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292054-x0saq938.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author: Guillamet, C. V. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292156-chmyzmq0 author: Battiato, Concetto title: Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the epidemiology of orthopedics trauma in a region of central Italy date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292331-j3dk6h68 author: Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho title: COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292195-k07io2qo author: Staib, Andrew title: Emergency Medicine’s COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292345-zc209dfx author: Carroll, Elizabeth title: Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291719-1ku6cmwj author: Hajjo, Rima title: A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292629-5kh46tks author: Divala, Titus title: Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292519-dod8k0xa author: Goldstein, Mark R title: Does apolipoprotein E genotype predict COVID-19 severity? date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q author: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe title: Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292173-95t89yee author: Villani, Federico Alcide title: COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292173-95t89yee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292002-g0v0xc21 author: Yang, Wenjing title: The role of imaging in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292826-lus0tqmi author: Joseph, Tony title: Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292372-kn27ghlv author: de Chaisemartin, Clément title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292878-wbfi0v2x author: Merchant, Reshma A. title: The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292417-hauq93v2 author: Xue, Mingshan title: Predictive effects of IgA and IgG combination to assess pulmonary exudation progression in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292030-cjz4nuag author: Qiu, Guangyu title: Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292312-cwrqorn1 author: Sales, M. J. T. title: Fernando de Noronha: how an island controlled the community transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292493-lx7zfgoi author: Firstenberg, Michael S. title: Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292378-mz3cvc0p author: Bone, A. E. title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292396-8w06oc5i author: Leger, Thomas title: Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292041-a65kfw80 author: Orienti, Isabella title: Pulmonary Delivery of Fenretinide: A Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292347-d7xq7x5g author: Carter, Linda J. title: Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292423-jupcit75 author: Narkhede, Rohan R. title: Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292423-jupcit75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292462-zbjig3pt author: Backhaus, Andreas title: Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of COVID-19 Data and Statistics date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292386-hfbgigj6 author: Borges, Lysandro Pinto title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292551-n3gzgn6w author: Pavarini, Gabriela title: Debate: Promoting capabilities for young people's agency in the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292611-5os99sve author: Lopes, Renato D. title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: It Is Time for High-Quality Evidence date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292611-5os99sve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292666-6xer2cty author: Mansab, F. title: Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292620-t8ocqm6g author: Somani, S. title: Characterization of Patients Who Return to Hospital Following Discharge from Hospitalization For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292234-8o4kfhe1 author: Cox, Louis Anthony title: Should air pollution health effects assumptions be tested? Fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality as an example date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292698-w7wrwj95 author: Rothstein, Rachel title: School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: The Approach to Maintaining Student Health and Wellness During COVID-19 School Closures date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292274-upwn9o2m author: Ghaffari, Abdi title: COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform? date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292546-un0blb3w author: Dandachi, Dima title: Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients with HIV and Coronavirus Disease-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292350-cmrtg91a author: Mondal, Samhati title: Thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients: A brief narrative review date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292952-z7ajsf2r author: Wong, Anselm title: COVID‐19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292987-e481oa2i author: Repici, Alessandro title: Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292751-tk1oggi9 author: Hosseini, Elahe Seyed title: The novel coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action, detection and recent therapeutic strategies date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291612-j7xz1qaz author: Albahri, O.S. title: Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292501-2jv7xkfn author: Jiang, Saiping title: Liver Injury in Critically Ill and Non-critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292795-yc613g96 author: Hakeem, Abdul Rahman title: Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292795-yc613g96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292880-zegtr19k author: Hu, Fuying title: Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292892-6gwnhkn4 author: Liu, Bingwen title: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292912-ufcvecwo author: Qiu, Ruijin title: Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review date: 2020-03-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292997-xbomgwzx author: Singh, Sandeep title: Takotsubo Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Published Cases date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292539-i10k2ld4 author: Majidi, Hadi title: High-resolution computed tomography finding in 552 patients with symptomatic COVID-19: first report from north of Iran date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292341-uo54ghf3 author: Cocconcelli, Elisabetta title: Clinical Features and Chest Imaging as Predictors of Intensity of Care in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 16 resourceName b'cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292894-p3099zpb author: de Oliveira, Rodrigo Ribeiro title: Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19 date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author: Berardi, Giammauro title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292898-6m97l2uz author: Ríos-Silva, Mónica title: COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292721-954nxptr author: Grey, Ian title: The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292721-954nxptr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292508-unoeicq0 author: Teshome, Abinet title: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293073-fu45h109 author: Okano, Hideyuki title: Steps towards COVID-19 suppression date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293073-fu45h109.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293145-b1rxh4bd author: Nouhjah, Sedigheh title: Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292544-m7jyydf1 author: Grau-Pujol, Berta title: Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for high-risk healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author: Liu, Fenglin title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293360-nmttgxlq author: García, Leidy Y. title: Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: A multifactorial consideration date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292978-qfw1uqvp author: Thakrar, Amit title: Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292988-q1yz9y8k author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293535-9bj5ev1a author: Wang, Yushu title: The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293127-c27qh5y7 author: Monteleone, Pedro AA title: A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293285-w8c3ma8l author: Lanza, F title: Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292561-iy06b9h9 author: Miesbach, Wolfgang title: COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292792-goh51sya author: Pascual Gómez, Natalia F. title: Potenciales biomarcadores predictores de mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292792-goh51sya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293440-qoo2t1wt author: Wilkinson, Tom title: ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293166-gkzebyda author: Hoz, Samer S. title: Letter to the Editor: “Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq” date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293059-2iwzieqm author: Tao, Huaqiang title: Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293557-jcgc93it author: Recalde, Borja title: Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292835-zzc1a7id author: Otoom, Mwaffaq title: An IoT-based Framework for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293359-6iw7dnz6 author: Wang, Laureen Yi-Ting title: COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293086-6282sb6b author: Liddell, Kathleen title: Who gets the ventilator? Important legal rights in a pandemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293690-pxiv0m7n author: Scala, Raffaele title: Italian pulmonologist units and COVID-19 outbreak: “mind the gap”! date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author: Colmenero, I. title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293639-k96erjf1 author: Mugnai, Giacomo title: Thoughts on Scientific Evidence in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293117-hkkbqorv author: Hernández-García, Ignacio title: Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293080-b4pxjrcj author: Zhang, Chunyan title: Establishing a high sensitivity detection method for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and developing a clinical application of this method date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293136-lfwqzf8m author: Escosa‐García, Luis title: Ten key points about COVID‐19 in children: the shadows on the wall date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293154-vudycqos author: Sinha, Sanjai title: Implementation of Video Visits During COVID-19: Lessons Learned From a Primary Care Practice in New York City date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293154-vudycqos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293630-zc8huo1j author: Capone, Alessandro title: Simultaneous circulation of COVID-19 and flu in Italy: potential combined effects on the risk of death? date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293575-h3wc7j4v author: Adrish, Muhammad title: Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293174-4ucqudn4 author: Sun, Ziheng title: Community venue exposure risk estimator for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293692-t5rfvyvj author: Kazi, Sajida title: The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293500-z28bws23 author: Guan, Wei-jie title: Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293500-z28bws23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293816-f86oo734 author: Hughes, H. title: Uncomfortably numb: suicide and the psychological undercurrent of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293816-f86oo734.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293503-e7be12qb author: Xiang, Chao title: CT Findings in a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia at Initial Presentation date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293711-qgefn164 author: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title: Comment on “COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action” date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293711-qgefn164.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293942-n5ypkftc author: Takoi, Hiroyuki title: Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293522-gg706q8s author: Toumi, Mondher title: Commentary on “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial” by Gautret et al date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293167-3bd3adip author: Nepal, Gaurav title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293570-gh6ykmea author: Gupta, Rajib K. title: Spectrum of podocytopathies in new-onset nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 disease: a report of 2 cases date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293186-yxpkqbey author: Mamo, Yitagesu title: Perception Toward Quarantine for COVID-19 Among Adult Residents of Selected Towns in Southwest Ethiopia date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293634-4rryqbnu author: Rosen, Kelsey title: Delivering Telerehabilitation to COVID-19 Inpatients:A Retrospective Chart Review Suggests It Is a Viable Option date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293717-j4w6mq0f author: Meza, Herbert Tejada title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293921-hj8oecmk author: Halayem, Soumeyya title: How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? Perceived stress and coping strategies date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293749-5i3ei9pn author: Alene, Kefyalew Addis title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control: An Overview date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p author: Zhang, Li title: The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293740-4c3yemi3 author: Ferrando, Carlos title: Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293140-lp3l4iap author: Ghislandi, S. title: News from the front: Excess mortality and life expectancy in two major epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293333-mqoml9o5 author: Scharbarg, Emeric title: From the hospital scale to nationwide: observability and identification of models for the COVID-19 epidemic waves date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293787-kpn0hb8t author: Arulprakash, Enoch title: A Study on Fight Against COVID-19 from Latest Technological Intervention date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293259-o51fnvuw author: Sinaei, Reza title: Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293704-tnik6sd3 author: Tey, Jeremy title: Navigating the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives from the radiation oncology service in singapore date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293730-dlqo6fep author: Caratozzolo, Salvatore title: The impact of COVID-19 on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia in East Lombardy, Italy: results from COVIDEM network date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293055-8scoocvx author: Deressa, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293986-skp6tiun author: Millard, Hun title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293367-0fe62h2f author: Henderson, Lauren A. title: American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. Version 1 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293997-4wjf1znf author: Asai, Nobuhiro title: Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293838-avri3xuc author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Association between environmental pollution and prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293922-knzv4jvj author: Zuo, Y. title: Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294094-ndahvsz7 author: McQueen, Sydney A. title: The Person Behind the Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293655-2ab7wdsk author: Mandic-Rajcevic, S. title: Contact tracing and isolation of asymptomatic spreaders to successfully control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers in Milan (Italy) date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294438-btuxeq7o author: Peng, Ling title: Managing patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293736-nyvwv31m author: Méry, Geoffroy title: COVID-19: Underlying Adipokine Storm and Angiotensin 1-7 Umbrella date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293860-6kz0iws6 author: Qutayba Almerie, Muhammad title: The Association between Obesity and Poor Outcome after COVID-19 Indicates a Potential Therapeutic Role for Montelukast date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294360-1oymweb0 author: Mair, Frances S title: Multimorbidity and the COVID-19 pandemic – An urgent call to action date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294400-65lwy0dg author: Cowan, Henry R. title: Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293964-hz5uow2b author: Hermann, Matthias title: Feasibility and Efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation following COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7 author: Manoj, M.G. title: Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294371-xot2oj2t author: Citgez, Bulent title: Management of Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294184-jte9xx5e author: Macleod, Jack title: Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds? date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294023-knaxr7t0 author: Murri, Rita title: Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294064-vdpak3fm author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: Single centre concept of ‘cold site’ elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294443-w6p3f5qc author: Nadar, Sunil K. title: Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293967-t0216n2m author: Moorthy, Arumugam title: COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294159-721il1e2 author: Kumar, Kanta title: COVID-19 and ethnicity: challenges in rheumatology date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294159-721il1e2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293609-wymqvwjt author: Price, Alex title: Online Gambling in the Midst of COVID-19: A Nexus of Mental Health Concerns, Substance Use and Financial Stress date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294057-fbox3a5q author: Schlegl, Sandra title: Bulimia nervosa in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of former inpatients date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx author: Hozhabri, Hossein title: The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293737-yaz13ikp author: Palaiodimos, L. title: Severe obesity is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patientswith COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294118-tm2kesum author: Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title: Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293990-h2o3v5gp author: Schoenbrunner, Anna title: Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294180-t5bncpo4 author: Neto, Leônidas Oliveira title: Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293896-dz9lzlqq author: Mian, Hira title: Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294422-hsqphc3t author: Sandesh, Ram title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294350-6veeygzp author: Yu, Caizheng title: Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294242-amj0ohw3 author: Li, Jia title: Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave. date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294139-78c5h7la author: Yamakawa, Mai title: Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294190-s337jpbo author: Rubinstein, Samuel title: The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19): a collaborative effort to understand the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294073-65h2mkdy author: Ke, Jia title: Strategies and recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience shared by Chinese surgeons date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294537-wpq1492g author: Ritschl, Paul V. title: Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294440-zd0arwmr author: Sacco, Guillaume title: COVID-19 in seniors: Findings and lessons from mass screening in a nursing home date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294136-e69ao8j0 author: Han, Dongsheng title: COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294672-hcjxcn1n author: Namineni, Srinivas title: Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294792-m6phbueb author: Pascual-Prieto, Javier title: Epidemia covid-19: ¿debe el oftalmólogo estar alerta ante las paresias oculomotoras? date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293481-bmfj50fb author: Malin, Jakob J. title: Remdesivir against COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294517-tqpf95kk author: Nimgaonkar, I. title: The Age Pattern of the Male- to- Female Ratio in Mortality from COVID-19 Mirrors that of Cardiovascular Disease but not Cancer in the General Population date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294501-1nf98mpb author: Bonafè, Massimiliano title: Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294579-qjga5nmd author: Sornsa-ard, Tuanrit title: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294555-6q7q8gse author: Liang, Ting title: Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294333-6azdm42x author: Wang, S title: Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293547-29i3u83s author: Pfaar, O title: COVID‐19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic – an EAACI/ARIA Position Paper date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294336-fqobpo47 author: Soy, Mehmet title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a review inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293701-u4ntxo0y author: Su, Shan title: Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293559-c78wcr8m author: Rego, Gabriel N. A. title: Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294685-rhhx5gcg author: Vasantha Raju, N. title: Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294427-6eiligyy author: Salimi, Ali title: The North American Layman's Understanding of COVID-19: Are We Doing Enough? date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293822-axr9qu58 author: Rolland, John S. title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294651-iy0h2pyf author: Nasrallah, Ali A. title: A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294304-9w6zt778 author: Doanvo, Anhvinh title: Machine Learning Maps Research Needs in COVID-19 Literature date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294696-pm6pfeeb author: Kunz, Y. title: Was sollte ein Urologe zu SARS-Cov-2 wissen? Risikoanalyse für urologische Operationen und Handlungsempfehlungen im klinischen Alltag date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294736-ji4jz3h6 author: Beşler, Muhammed Said title: Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294871-bqw48zi5 author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294628-ecg13s7a author: Chia, Ming Li title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294571-qd0qjo3y author: Rothan, Hussin A. title: Molecular Aspects of COVID-19 Differential Pathogenesis date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author: Miralles, Oriol title: Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294768-bs6thjw2 author: Alonso-Fernández, Alberto title: Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294906-1m4h116m author: Jarmoliński, Tomasz title: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295082-z29567vc author: Belingheri, Michael title: Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295082-z29567vc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294958-4982wy81 author: Hunt, Madison title: A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294958-4982wy81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295058-c88fq1de author: Ardila, Alfredo title: Executive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295066-76se8mxq author: Botti, Fiorenzo title: URGENT SURGERY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN A HIGH INCIDENCE AREA - EXPERIENCE FROM A HIGH-VOLUME CENTRE date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294624-d71za6hi author: Kapepula, Paulin M. title: Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293852-r72c6584 author: Greco, S. title: Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293852-r72c6584.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294810-mq9vjnro author: Huang, Qiong title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294900-pmrffqe3 author: Arbel, Yuval title: Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294349-ps3qlho2 author: Al-Sharif, Eman title: Ocular tropism of coronavirus (CoVs): a comparison of the interaction between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294924-5u2tfyd0 author: Ali, Nurshad title: Is SARS-CoV-2 associated with liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294788-9usyb1nn author: Baek, Woong Kee title: A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295029-zki5ac2g author: Pena, Robert C.F. title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Coronavirus Neurosurgical/Head and Neck Drape to Prevent Aerosolization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health Solution” date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294861-inlaz4od author: Liu, Chen title: Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294557-4h0sybiy author: Stogiannos, N. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295270-6ptaxg74 author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib – Impact on COVID-19 Coagulopathy? Jorgensen et. al. date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294854-rvrgcugn author: Hu, Biying title: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294840-yo7b2v3k author: Milner, Adrienne title: We Need to Talk About Racism—In All of Its Forms—To Understand COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295223-5mlbup1i author: Lakhdar, Fayçal title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294772-nma7w7of author: de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295140-4gdlbc45 author: Yu, Pey‐Jen title: Hypermetabolism and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295107-67tts3oj author: Ozturk, Ayperi title: Bronchoscopic procedures during COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences in Turkey date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294586-95iwcocn author: Kwuimy, C. A. K. title: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295407-aq011b97 author: Pettus, Katherine title: Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295407-aq011b97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295393-aln51r9y author: Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia title: Unexpected high mortality in COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis()() date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295412-ow9lqhrw author: Chaturvedi, Seemant title: The interplay between COVID 19 and non-communicable diseases date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294912-xl0wzi16 author: Alteri, Claudia title: Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR in real-time PCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294468-0v4grqa7 author: Kasilingam, Dharun title: Exploring the Growth of COVID‐19 Cases using Exponential Modelling Across 42 Countries and Predicting Signs of Early Containment using Machine Learning date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295276-fic96llm author: Corpuz, Jeff Clyde G title: COVID-19: spiritual interventions for the living and the dead date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295276-fic96llm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294789-07hto8qn author: Schoch-Spana, Monica title: The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf author: Davido, Benjamin title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295126-lz2jbmcn author: Toresdahl, Brett G. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294966-3jolt83r author: Joensen, L. E. title: Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries? date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294831-pem059zk author: Zhang, Ling-Pu title: Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294831-pem059zk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294948-o8mn0w7y author: Gathungu, D. K. title: Modeling the Effects of Non-PharmaceuticalInterventions on COVID-19 Spread in Kenya date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294933-oc2glu4a author: Cinesi Gómez, César title: Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295150-uw8lwgrh author: Sockalingam, Sanjeev title: The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295237-kdwcnav6 author: Shen, Cong title: Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294963-h68fy5sy author: Al-Zaman, M. S. title: Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 literature date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295243-6osemfvk author: Jackson, Debra title: Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295068-2q3ts04l author: Liu, Yang title: Prominent coagulation disorder is closely related to inflammatory response and could be as a prognostic indicator for ICU patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294910-gnc04ax1 author: Nogueira, Paulo Jorge title: The Role of Health Preconditions on COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal: Evidence from Surveillance Data of the First 20293 Infection Cases date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294429-isivkz8b author: Grifoni, Alba title: Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295391-e5it7nxl author: Alahmadi, Adel Salah title: Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295475-o3ns4cfn author: Dastan, Farzaneh title: Tocilizumab administration in a refractory case of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295121-4xemmaqt author: Ferreira, Eliane de Oliveira title: Should We Be Worried About Clostridioides difficile During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295341-wkehj39d author: Faqihi, Fahad title: Comment on Hu et al: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295398-soa71kwx author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294527-fct2y5vn author: Guadarrama-Ortiz, Parménides title: Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295274-gzkfy70s author: Mecham, Jeffrey C. title: Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID‐19 and Other Special Considerations date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295357-dv1fxprr author: Xiang, Yu-Tao title: The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform date: 2020-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295113-2c4o4hd6 author: Enwemeka, Chukuka Samuel title: Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295142-5sqkdpi8 author: Han, Y. title: The active lung microbiota landscape of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295569-5dakd9en author: Ogaugwu, Christian title: Effect of Weather on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295041-5vpawtef author: Jakhmola, Shweta title: SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295527-d5laummv author: El-Baba, Firas title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295527-d5laummv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294969-57xgqf2g author: Green, Bart N. title: Rapid Deployment of Chiropractic Telehealth at 2 Worksite Health Centers in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations from the Field date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295116-eo887olu author: Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295116-eo887olu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295995-uabnyomr author: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title: Sexually Transmitted COVID19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295324-t1zvz1zg author: Liu, Yin title: Mental Health Status of Paediatric Medical Workers in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author: Michard, Frédéric title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295681-l414z6gc author: Chow, Justin title: Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295138-xud3y0ko author: Datta, Niloy R. title: Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295853-lxakf79k author: Kumar, Pavan title: Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295051-upyar7en author: Ahmadian, Elham title: Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295051-upyar7en.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295715-d8zrn42r author: Kim, Jungkeun title: Effect of COVID-19 on Preference for Private Dining Facilities in Restaurants date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295593-e4akxqv5 author: Bull-Otterson, Lara title: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment — United States, January–June 2020 date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296174-95ap8qfn author: Singh, Arjun Gurmeet title: Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295516-hgqwef94 author: Veerasuri, S. title: Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295709-9whgh5b3 author: Macias, J. title: Similar incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295798-x7or932x author: Ferrey, Antoney J. title: A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295798-x7or932x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295603-mk9oartb author: Yu, Xiaoqi title: Retrospective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294916-xc9ozxyn author: Oehmen, Josef title: Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author: Shook, Natalie J. title: Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296314-hprl52va author: Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo title: COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296314-hprl52va.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295693-45etqt72 author: McClure, Elizabeth S title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295693-45etqt72.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296072-w8nwj3u6 author: Al-karawi, D. title: Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295700-lzaxzuwe author: Shi, Shaobo title: Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296113-syi2fwuo author: Peng, Mian title: Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295145-ry4e2izd author: Das, Pratik title: In-Silico approach for identification of effective and stable inhibitors for COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) from flavonoid based phytochemical constituents of Calendula officinalis date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296214-xeezt6f7 author: Sabatino, Jolanda title: Women's perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Walking into a post-peak phase date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295767-92oxdmxq author: Aga, Syed Sameer title: Évaluation de la santé mentale et des diverses stratégies d'adaptation dans la population générale vivant sous l'emprise de la COVID à travers le monde : Une étude transversal date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296384-cejw22ms author: Chitturi, Kalyan R. title: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295414-v10454ns author: Baktash, Vadir title: Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295414-v10454ns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296353-snzdjan9 author: Fox, Nathan S. title: COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: Case Series from One Large New York City Obstetrical Practice date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author: Zhao, Pengcheng title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296316-huyw5eo1 author: Suresh, Padmanaban S. title: Curcumin and Coagulopathy in the COVID19 Era date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295829-e1tk8qvw author: Dua, Anahita title: DVT Protocol Optimization to Minimize Healthcare Worker Exposure in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296171-v9co078y author: Gialluisi, Alessandro title: New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296171-v9co078y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r author: Dube, Taru title: Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296536-s8n7kgkn author: Nagendrappa, Sachin title: Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296031-r6iqiy1n author: Tattan-Birch, H. title: COVID-19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295957-s17z2ccf author: Bordi, Licia title: Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Simplexa™ COVID-19 direct assay date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296285-qiez6adj author: Boudrioua, M. S. title: Predicting the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria using the SIR model date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295973-41jqgsv0 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295703-no45mgyd author: ALTAY, O. title: Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296342-qyqf60s9 author: Alvarez Retamales, V. title: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Hospital Admissions date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295523-5pv7kw6i author: Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea title: Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295794-glcg36si author: Seghers, Victor J. title: After the initial COVID-19 surge: a phased radiology departmental re-opening plan date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295794-glcg36si.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295891-c9rfy1w7 author: Zhao, J. title: ConceptWAS: a high-throughput method for early identification of COVID-19 presenting symptoms date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295720-eeqv5xa4 author: Umeizudike, Kehinde Adesola title: Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294800-akr4f5p8 author: Kabir, Md. Tanvir title: nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296265-mat1x862 author: Du, Na title: Clinical characteristics of family-clustered onset of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296265-mat1x862.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296363-qgoxlqoq author: Khan, Yusra Habib title: Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295144-tyyc81uc author: Stradner, Martin H. title: Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296312-nh4poc71 author: Kowitt, Sarah D. title: Tobacco Quit Intentions and Behaviors among Cigar Smokers in the United States in Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296567-six7u615 author: Hussain, Akhtar title: Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296567-six7u615.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296567-six7u615.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296567-six7u615.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296420-n3vyhqpd author: England, Andrew title: Modifications to mobile chest radiography technique during the COVID-19 pandemic – implications of X-raying through side room windows date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296483-x95lwwnm author: Kranke, Peter title: Geburtshilfliche Anästhesie während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Übersicht der Handlungsempfehlungen date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296425-on8er7v9 author: O’Brien, Edward R. title: Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat hyper-inflammation? date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296806-pep4vlj1 author: Rotulo, Gioacchino Andrea title: Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296598-aelpasay author: Coughlin, Lara N. title: Considerations for remote delivery of behavioral economic interventions for substance use disorder during COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296598-aelpasay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295622-znmpheia author: Simione, Luca title: Differences Between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295622-znmpheia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296582-55rz7epf author: Glick, Sara N. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295431-p9iy7uaf author: Atangana, Ernestine title: Facemasks simple but powerful weapons to protect against COVID-19 spread: Can they have sides effects? date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296330-4i02f1ji author: Qi, Xiaolong title: Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: A multicenter cohort study date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296619-uhhndp0a author: Kondo, Yuki title: Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297210-b8bl5vq5 author: Leask, Andrew title: COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296725-ecy0rie9 author: Landau, Ruth title: Lessons Learned From First COVID-19 Cases in the United States date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296708-b37jcj4f author: Sagar, Rajesh title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296811-zelkkw1f author: Rodríguez-Padial, Luis title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296331-i4hyzqcv author: Adapa, Sreedhar title: COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Impact on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296375-gf0mgz5x author: Zhang, Xi title: Comparison of spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296682-ugffeegr author: Rahimi, Hoda title: A Comprehensive Review of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296746-j47306hx author: Chen, Fang-fang title: The characteristics and outcomes of 681 severe cases with COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296746-j47306hx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296426-upwsdgso author: Virmani, Sarthak title: Identifying a Kidney Transplant Recipient COVID Phenotype to Aid Test Utilization in the Setting of Limited Testing Availability - Does One Exist? date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296950-9dldbs6o author: El-Zein, Rayan S title: COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296232-6zj99nuw author: Talukdar, Jayanta title: Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297362-mhtvrn0c author: Wu, Xian-rui title: Practice Patterns of Colorectal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296803-tde8k4kr author: Lundin, Rebecca title: Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296440-18vpg419 author: Beurnier, Antoine title: Characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require hospitalisation date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296440-18vpg419.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296182-hhswage4 author: Meng, Lingzhong title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296182-hhswage4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296579-oa67njov author: d’Ettorre, Gabriella title: Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296579-oa67njov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294700-pb5k21da author: Dulek, Daniel E title: Multidisciplinary Guidance Regarding the Use of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Acute COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297217-pe6mehjv author: Simpson, A. Hamish R. W. title: COVID-19: potential transmission through aerosols in surgical procedures and blood products date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296694-2js639bk author: Price, Laura C title: Thrombosis and COVID-19 pneumonia: the clot thickens! date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296694-2js639bk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296306-xcomjvaa author: Rivett, Lucy title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296669-1md8j11e author: Li, Xin title: Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296522-ljovvgey author: Fitzpatrick, Kevin M. title: Facing New Fears During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The State of America’s Mental Health date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296801-19p33j65 author: Hagge, Daniel title: Chancen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Telemedizin in der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde bei der Bekämpfung von SARS-COV-2: Narratives Review date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296801-19p33j65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296888-z5x6zkht author: Hailay, Abrha title: The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296592-njf6u0v2 author: Keswani, Rajesh N. title: How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297157-16ciqu9w author: Mamun, Mohammed A. title: First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297093-ld89vmct author: Clark, Kristina E N title: Safety of intravenous Anakinra in COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammation, a case series date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297218-yct9fu8r author: Hyland, Kelly A. title: Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297365-11es4w0u author: Peng, Hui title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: Characteristics, Antimicrobial Treatment, and Outcomes date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297213-r5ulw2n1 author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297333-fyn2xzfw author: Inchingolo, Riccardo title: The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296676-2anl2agl author: Goldberg, Michael F. title: Neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19: what the emergency radiologist needs to know date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296219-zzg9hds0 author: Battaglini, Denise title: Neurological Manifestations of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Implications of Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Settings date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04 author: Saban-Ruiz, J. title: COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296562-3h2oqb9k author: Guillén, Lucía title: Preemptive interleukin-6 blockade in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296550-wkmnfph3 author: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar title: Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296773-5o4hr6ir author: Zeneli, A. title: Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an Italian experience date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296208-uy1r6lt2 author: Greenspan, Hayit title: Position paper on COVID-19 imaging and AI: from the clinical needs and technological challenges to initial AI solutions at the lab and national level towards a new era for AI in healthcare date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297001-4g3wb8qi author: Tal, Shir title: Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296692-t5p09le8 author: Elgin, T.G. title: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296881-2g81sjnl author: Nabil, Ahmed title: Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297029-b38sm4y9 author: Murillo-Zamora, Efrén title: Male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297425-vcqqssm8 author: Aries, James A. title: Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato‐oncology Patients date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297286-bo6pr34s author: nan title: Medical conferences in the post-COVID world: a challenge, and an opportunity date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297477-o7kydesb author: Das, Ashis Kumar title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297384-0urbjy5p author: Bal, Irene A. title: The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297718-y58f2bp0 author: Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika title: Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297241-ajy2wi51 author: Katz, Carmit title: Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297368-ju6r1rf1 author: Moradi, Soroush title: Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296936-5gkx4jxa author: An, M. H. title: Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine and Antibiotics for mild to moderate COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from South Korea date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297127-nhgm09db author: Hasseli, Rebecca title: National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297013-0ykz2raz author: Agarwal, D. K. title: Alternative Approaches for Modelling COVID-19:High-Accuracy Low-Data Predictions date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297432-2edncbgn author: Helleberg, Marie title: Persistent COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient Temporarily Responsive to Two Courses of Remdesivir Therapy date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297395-5r4fxcuq author: Rezende, Leandro F. M. title: Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297565-m6wnj83d author: Seese, Laura title: Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296607-h2zwlyz7 author: Watson, Ryan A. title: Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297132-lhfa9fl5 author: Aghagoli, Ghazal title: Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297414-zq16s9ud author: Koh, Adrian H. C. title: What COVID-19 has taught us: lessons from around the globe date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297413-gw0z23z9 author: Jalili, M. title: Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297396-r1p7xn3a author: Ng, Ming-Yen title: Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for COVID-19 Positivity in a Hospital Setting date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author: Drożdżal, Sylwester title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296986-8fuj072z author: Kumar, Manish title: A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297759-arg71du6 author: Triantafyllou, Tania title: Esophageal cancer: challenges, concerns, and recommendations for management amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297759-arg71du6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297010-imciixde author: Babayeva, Mariana title: Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297010-imciixde.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297010-imciixde.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297010-imciixde.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298163-220l6xhq author: Deng, Chu-Xia title: Glucocorticoids save lives in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297825-gfyj52of author: de Joode, K. title: Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297517-w8cvq0m5 author: Toğaçar, Mesut title: COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297378-quyehjr1 author: Hong, Yan title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297518-6y2uzcde author: Leulseged, T. W. title: Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298127-zp8kze6t author: Shao, Fei title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298191-sqfx171j author: Ga, Hyuk title: The Korean Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Strategy for Older Adults date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297693-lqyc49t6 author: Samec, Matthew J title: 80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297209-84gs67bn author: Livanos, A. E. title: Gastrointestinal involvement attenuates COVID-19 severity and mortality date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297878-c4cq92x8 author: Ali, Mohammed title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a 27-Year-Old Male With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296588-q2716lda author: Hanson, Kimberly E title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296588-q2716lda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297757-3pvstiz6 author: Sominsky, Luba title: One size does not fit all – Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297661-62s3bdeu author: Mahajan, Ruchi title: Eculizumab treatment for renal failure in a pediatric patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297681-m0cckidw author: Na, Joo-Young title: [Secondary Publication] Standard Operating Procedure for Post-mortem Inspection in a Focus on Coronavirus Disease-19: the Korean Society for Legal Medicine date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297918-840thddt author: Yilmaz, Umut title: COVID-19: neurologische Manifestationen: Was wir bisher wissen date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297918-840thddt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297918-840thddt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297918-840thddt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297323-l3f12hg4 author: Amor, Sandra title: Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298311-5vlycjbj author: Hur, Jian title: Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298056-svwtfshi author: Fabio, Ciceri title: Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298079-hgdyxk98 author: Hsu, Jeffrey J. title: Heart Transplantation in the Early Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Single‐Center Case Series date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297886-kxb17zx4 author: Kluger, Dan M. title: Impact of healthcare worker shift scheduling on workforce preservation during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297513-fxap5sw4 author: Liu, S. H. title: Time courses of COVID-19 infection and local variation in socioeconomic and health disparities in England date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297635-higq7wje author: Bahn, Kate title: A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-297635-higq7wje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297777-lnr4w3ek author: Rothman, S title: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298287-larzpygd author: Bhat, Shubha title: Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298287-larzpygd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297702-vxcj25sn author: Chen, Yuxin title: A comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of humoral responses specific to four recombinant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297673-rh8o4eu9 author: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title: Comparison of the severity of psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author: Zou, Li title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298094-ctikhqvr author: Elias, Pierre title: The Prognostic Value of Electrocardiogram at Presentation to Emergency Department in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298012-yfzosrok author: Harrison, Stephanie L. title: Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A federated electronic medical record analysis date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298090-9b3d33ih author: Charlier, P title: L’hydroxy-chloroquine pour traiter les patients infectés du COVID-19: quelques leçons d'an-thropologie médicale et d'histoire de la médecine date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298258-satk2t9z author: Kahwash, Basil M. title: Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298185-w37nvorf author: Cao, Kai title: Current Evidence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Ocular Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297236-wnuvofwr author: Zhang, Si title: SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298817-q29br2o5 author: Ribera, Aida title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Respuesta date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298774-l4jwlc8p author: Li, Haomin title: Changes in Children’s Healthcare Visits During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298440-0pb8ssj2 author: Rascón-Ramírez, Fernando J title: Supra and infratentorial massive strokes in previously healthy young patients with SARS-CoV-2. The role of neurosurgery date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297965-3bdv6ady author: Lee, Sun Young title: Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author: Burke, R. M. title: Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298640-zwg8ueyb author: Smereka, Jacek title: The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297638-ab70s980 author: Stephens, Angela J. title: General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297638-ab70s980.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298327-j04nyg5y author: Lv, Zhihua title: Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298343-nvuc1j7t author: Ma, J. title: Exhaled breath is a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 emission date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298725-da71febn author: Okuhama, Ayako title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan date: 2020-11-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298725-da71febn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298725-da71febn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298725-da71febn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298846-qb0frju1 author: Waszkiewicz, Napoleon title: Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298557-85e0l8or author: Bellido, Virginia title: CONSECUENCIAS DE LA COVID-19 SOBRE LAS PERSONAS CON DIABETES date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298281-wkje5jyt author: Chan, Vinson Wai-Shun title: A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298200-rjlya399 author: De los Santos, J. A. A. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intentions of Frontline Nurses in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Philippines date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298200-rjlya399.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297870-m7n43k4p author: Azevedo, Rafael Bellotti title: Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298886-xidaim04 author: Leszczyński, Piotr title: COVID-19: a short message to rheumatologists date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298886-xidaim04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298426-hhly45md author: Zhang, Shan-Yan title: Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298426-hhly45md.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298257-uptgv2xv author: Cheng, Wenwen title: Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298867-hzshnq7b author: Raham, T. F. title: Impact of Duration of Cessation of Mass BCG Vaccination Programs on Covid -19 Mortality date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298686-cpuw9ev4 author: Nuno‐Gonzalez, A. title: Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297599-y4lu8m4k author: Luo, Hua title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299018-eo73yl4v author: Gandini, O. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298639-v9yg80jw author: Chen, Yuxin title: High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298006-4g4eh5un author: Giones, Ferran title: Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298654-sb9kevkb author: Yang, Xiang-Hong title: Focus on coronavirus disease 2019 associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298325-2gm4fnqi author: Shah, Sonia title: Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298918-o1bmulz3 author: Khosrawipour, Veria title: Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID‐19 epicenters date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298663-t4aui90j author: Zhang, Qiongshuai title: The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298676-8wm95ghd author: Choudhery, Mahmood S title: Stem Cell Therapy for Covid‐19: Possibilities and Challenges date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298682-5heb9biz author: Stephen, Shine title: COVID-19: Weighing the Endeavors of Nations, with Time to Event Analysis date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298866-dzatps7b author: Licskai, Christopher title: Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society’s Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299155-94jplecb author: Sharma, Dhruva title: Rationale of anticoagulation among patients of COVID-19 undergoing cardiac surgery date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299155-94jplecb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298600-cnolne6k author: Majeed, Talal title: The Role of the Computed Tomography (CT) Thorax in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 for Patients Presenting with Acute Surgical Emergencies. A Single Institute Experience date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298679-w0yp4u19 author: Iftimie, Simona title: Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prospective, longitudinal, unicenter study in Reus, Spain date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298763-u5xn392m author: Mutala, Timothy Musila title: Radiology practice in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 outbreak: points to consider date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298915-g1u9jods author: Chen, Y. title: An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Severe vs Non-severe COVID-19 Clinical Type Classification date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author: Huang, Ian title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298914-d6k3tagt author: Samuels, Elizabeth A. title: Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299021-dbu05gyy author: Semedo, Edimir title: Drug-induced ‘Torsade de Pointes’ in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298865-5pe33eos author: Yang, Tuo-Yun title: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299102-4bwtg6xz author: Novara, Giacomo title: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298991-5qae0ege author: Aiello, Francesco title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299082-s8bm40vy author: Wang, Yueying title: Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298967-vjyh1xvh author: Bertossi, Dario title: Safety guidelines for non‐surgical facial procedures during covid‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299237-pdkxqf3h author: Pericàs, Juan M title: Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298536-kksivbh8 author: Lahav, Yael title: Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 – The Contribution of Continuous Traumatic Stress date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298925-4wb7kayl author: Ahmed, Sakir title: Moving towards online rheumatology education in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298505-r7ihqb96 author: Górski, Andrzej title: Sepsis, Phages, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298744-paippv15 author: Biddlestone, Mikey title: Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298744-paippv15.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298744-paippv15.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298744-paippv15.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299144-yprqlgju author: Lin, Shaowei title: Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298936-76xurcof author: Yanguas, Xavier title: Returning to Sport during the Covid-19 pandemic: The sports physicians’ role date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298936-76xurcof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299308-gza1pwx6 author: Laxminarayan, Ramanan title: Is Gradual and Controlled Approach to Herd Protection a Valid Strategy to Curb the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298778-wnbqqzot author: Hamza, Marwa S. title: Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299159-cxktdaws author: Boelig, Rupsa C. title: MFM Guidance for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299044-j7txbt1n author: Gravas, Stavros title: Impact of COVID-19 on medical education: introducing homo digitalis date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298295-epxd03pt author: Eckermann, M. title: 3d Virtual Patho-Histology of Lung Tissue from Covid-19 Patients based on Phase Contrast X-ray Tomography date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298301-p1zj6jg9 author: Dey, Lopamudra title: Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299099-e1ajjte6 author: Brunese, Luca title: Machine learning for coronavirus covid-19 detection from chest x-rays date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298461-tyhtdawb author: Zhao, L. title: COVID-19: Effects of weather conditions on the propagation of respiratory droplets date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298372-4pw1y404 author: Koch, Lionel title: Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin? date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299350-db8w79g8 author: Gibson, Cody V. title: Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299375-ve4lag21 author: Yang, Yichang title: Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299274-gnbp7so5 author: Bodkin, Claire title: Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299469-lqro7t7a author: Tan, Eng-King title: Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299312-asc120pn author: Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H.A. title: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the COVID–19 Pandemic Model date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299312-asc120pn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299107-0rd2uj4r author: Kadi, Nadjat title: Population density, a factor in the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria: statistic study date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299141-vxvqs5kh author: Ma, Xiao-Peng title: Prevention program for the COVID-19 in a children’s digestive endoscopy center date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299025-9bcploh4 author: Dean, Preston title: The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299277-ana68vpf author: Horn, Sarah R. title: Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298894-t5hyfum3 author: Rifino, Nicola title: Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298777-hit7rs6q author: Zhang, Linjie title: What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta‐analysis of 551 laboratory‐confirmed cases date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299407-wuug8jjv author: Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R. title: Concerns of Women regarding Pregnancy and Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author: Riou, Marianne title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299650-lhphdjeu author: Whittle, John title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299495-1z4udo3d author: Rajendram, Rajkumar title: Identifying phenotypes of COVID-19, defining their pathogenesis, and targeting treatments could improve outcomes date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299326-uqwkhczx author: Tang, Chong title: Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299465-c7ki3061 author: Mallow, P. J. title: When Second Best Might be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298156-d0pb1kik author: Cheval, Sorin title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299346-f13xly6q author: Awad, Mohamed E. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299845-ql3tvot5 author: Janani, Leila title: COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299656-iyb5r7e2 author: Cioffi, Andrea title: La diminution des décès liés à la COVID-19 et le risque de sous-estimer la pandémie date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299570-1xz5r95f author: Martínez-García, M title: Telemedicina con telemonitorización en el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299324-0hzlvwfn author: Koeberle, Séverine title: COVID 19 outbreak: organisation of a geriatric assessment and coordination unit. A French example date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299156-1dwsm3ie author: Shemer, Asaf title: Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical and molecular analysis date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299139-ze8qtnxe author: Higbee, D. H. title: The impact of asthma on mental health & wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299882-ee5wathm author: Hsiehchen, David title: Deficiencies in the designs and interventions of COVID-19 clinical trials date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299781-9d5g5xaw author: Hrusak, Ondrej title: Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299309-p703e396 author: Tan-Torres Edejer, Tessa title: Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299309-p703e396.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299309-p703e396.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299309-p703e396.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299544-r3cqvf0c author: de Souza, T. H. title: Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author: Cantini, Fabrizio title: Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300039-h7pk9mh8 author: Ho, Jamie S. Y. title: A Call for Vaccine Against COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299333-qu0bmov5 author: Reddy, Gireesh B. title: Clinical Characteristics and Multisystem Imaging Findings of COVID-19: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299888-ig0gy5e9 author: Ooi, M.W.X. title: Pulmonary thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 Patients on CT Pulmonary Angiography –Prevalence, pattern of disease and relationship to D-dimer date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300167-5vxo6wqt author: Mi, Bobin title: Serum Mycoplasma Pneumoniae IgG in COVID-19: A Protective Factor date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299093-zp07aqpm author: Harrison, Andrew G. title: Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299499-66qh3r75 author: Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent title: Reconsidering assumptions of adolescent and young adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300094-xynwf38q author: Drak Alsibai, Kinan title: Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299501-07echrdh author: Ould Setti, M. title: Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299501-07echrdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299599-y18iv3zq author: Ojinnaka, Chinedum O. title: Factors Associated with COVID-Related Mortality: the Case of Texas date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300032-511zwrnb author: van Steveninck, Alfred L. title: Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300310-21llzfxz author: Kilham, Henry A title: COVID‐19 apocalypse for children: Predictable, preventable? date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299683-nv8kfp7z author: Ghosh, Kapil title: Inter-state transmission potential and vulnerability of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299899-is815pol author: He, Jingjing title: Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): a systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299899-is815pol.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299899-is815pol.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299899-is815pol.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299116-1agfnjvq author: Bunders, Madeleine title: Implications of sex differences in immunity for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and design of therapeutic interventions date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299889-x6c3p195 author: Tirkolaee, Erfan Babaee title: Sustainable fuzzy multi-trip location-routing problem for the epidemic outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299999-jra1yu6a author: Tattar, R. title: COVID PDPs date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299869-4yjyqjpe author: Wu, J. title: Systemic corticosteroids show no benefit in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298475-3bhiattk author: Farmaki, Anna title: Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300246-fxqseibh author: Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title: Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300240-mie5yxj4 author: Cañizares Fuentes, Ricardo title: Evaluation of COVID-19 Surveillance Strategy in Ecuador date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author: Aucejo, Esteban M. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300325-f3eomugb author: Ferguson, Nadia C. title: Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author: Jaguga, Florence title: Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3 author: Irfan, M. title: The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300132-lbbibqv3 author: Clifford, Christopher T. title: Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300013-6m1f4q5r author: Brahier, Thomas title: Lung ultrasonography for risk stratification in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300460-jh6h83n9 author: Karnon, Jonathan title: The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300471-osbp6eau author: Naruse, Keiko title: Does glycemic control rescue type 2 diabetic patients from COVID‐19‐related deaths? date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300474-r5gms09p author: Mackey, Katherine title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299261-ew99nraq author: Cipriano, L. E. title: IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY RE-OPENING ON TOTAL COMMUNITY COVID-19 BURDEN date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300163-06hbegx1 author: Harris, Jody title: Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300621-0e35o0rk author: Engelman, Daniel T. title: Commentary: Rethinking Surgical Protocols in the Covid-19 Era date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300297-csacrppf author: Pinggera, Daniel title: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol: experiences from a state under lockdown date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300297-csacrppf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300078-svu06v9c author: Haghani, Milad title: Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCov literature date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300369-q66xifmu author: Oyeniran, Oluwatosin I. title: Lutte contre la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus (Covid-19): tirer les leçons de la réponse à la maladie du virus Ebola date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299927-ixuvy2g4 author: Frontera, Jennifer title: Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Study Design and Rationale date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299911-v95pf3eg author: El-Ghiaty, Mahmoud A. title: Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: current findings and possible mechanisms date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300550-l28tadhn author: Luers, Jan C title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author: Ahmed, Taha title: Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300712-gc8770l9 author: Ruch, Yvon title: Rapid Radiological Worsening and Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300889-3tzg6few author: Yasri, S title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300200-vcclz0bu author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Trend analysis of lab tests requisitions of COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers at a clinical chemistry reference laboratory-an observational study date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300236-mon1loph author: Williams, Bryan title: Hypertension, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300236-mon1loph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300300-jqi4ylrx author: Lin, Ray Junhao title: From SARS to COVID‐19: the Singapore journey date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300396-kea01a27 author: Sharpe, Richard E title: Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300396-kea01a27.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300360-h6gr91eg author: Górski, Andrzej title: Phages in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300777-6u6nqv2f author: Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T. title: A call to protect patients, correctional staff and healthcare professionals in jails and prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300222-kzzx8ni7 author: Mellan, T. A. title: Report 21: Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299932-c079r94n author: He, X. title: Benchmarking Deep Learning Models and Automated Model Design for COVID-19 Detection with Chest CT Scans date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299932-c079r94n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300997-z903uyht author: Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim title: An Invited Commentary on “The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic” date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300997-z903uyht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300490-aslvqymx author: Rahman, Md. Estiar title: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300802-2y2oxss4 author: Kim, Judith title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes for Patients Admitted with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in New York City date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300466-sk9iilum author: Kong, Wen-Hua title: Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300805-apli48ih author: Augoustides, John G. title: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection – current considerations during the pandemic date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300805-apli48ih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300651-4didq6dk author: Sun, Ya-Jun title: Clinical Features of Fatalities in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300320-07tdrd4w author: Siordia, Juan A. title: Systematic and Statistical Review of Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment Trials date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300911-cl7s47wb author: English, W. title: Surgical training during the COVID‐19 pandemic – the cloud with a silver lining? date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300046-orlga9qf author: Gomes da Silva, J. title: Health literacy of inland population in the mitigation phase 3.2. of COVID-19's pandemic in Portugal - a descriptive cohort study date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299852-t0mqe7yy author: Janssen, Loes H. C. title: Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa author: Zhang, Dan title: The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300508-po2zolo8 author: Inoue, Gen title: Experience of an Orthopaedic Surgery Department Early During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan Including Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Results for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300689-dz6lybgi author: Jarman, Molly P. title: The Surgical Health Services Research Agenda for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300729-35meen0h author: Miller, Aaron title: Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study date: 2020-03-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300729-35meen0h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300439-d86p43u1 author: Bello, Ajide Kazeem title: Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300817-cxc00k0d author: Saha, Jay title: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300541-5wea9w32 author: Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa title: Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300324-95fty9yi author: Ni Lochlainn, M. title: Key predictors of attending hospital with COVID19: An association study from the COVID Symptom Tracker App in 2,618,948 individuals date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author: Inchausti, Felix title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300811-l4y7df2f author: Aggarwal, Gaurav title: Association of Cardiovascular Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300559-vuuxthx2 author: Deng, Ming title: Obesity as a Potential Predictor of Disease Severity in Young COVID‐19 Patients: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300303-d4qmtysd author: de Azambuja, Evandro title: ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300855-vba552kh author: Dungar, Keval Dhanji title: The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on “acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicentre retrospective cohort study” date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300855-vba552kh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300848-0igfcixy author: Meijers, Björn title: The clinical characteristics of coronavirus-associated nephropathy date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300619-uu3e4pjw author: Tan, Wanqiu title: Is Returning to Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic Stressful? A Study on Immediate Mental Health Status and Psychoneuroimmunity Prevention Measures of Chinese Workforce date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300338-duhyb754 author: Urashima, Mitsuyoshi title: BCG Vaccination and Mortality of COVID-19 across 173 Countries: An Ecological Study date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300338-duhyb754.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300776-owrrwd08 author: Safavi, Farinaz title: B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with Multiple Sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300192-fgueg4mo author: Richardson, David P. title: Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301061-bekyn1k2 author: Meschi, Tiziana title: Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID‐19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300964-knc0ruou author: Hoffman, Tove title: Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300995-tqz2bkdo author: Tagliaferri, Luca title: Skin cancer triage and management during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300792-hpyywul0 author: Thaler, M. title: Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301106-qskwujpa author: Gambato, Martina title: Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300750-huyl21vz author: Shagam, Lev title: Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300866-cso6l6ze author: Bao, Yi title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300742-hsfh4hw9 author: Ghoreishi, Abdoreza title: Stroke care trends during COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: statistical analysis plan and preliminary results date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300978-busx8w6s author: Apetrii, Mugurel title: A brand-new cardiorenal syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) setting date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301240-18l9juk8 author: Löffler, Christian title: Two immunocompromised patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a complication of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301036-x06m11e0 author: Alfuraih, Abdulrahman M. title: Point of care lung ultrasound in COVID-19: hype or hope? date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301082-sikgk58i author: Breevoort, Arnar title: High-altitude populations need special considerations for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300640-9pvhaz8q author: Parackova, Zuzana title: Disharmonic Inflammatory Signatures in COVID-19: Augmented Neutrophils’ but Impaired Monocytes’ and Dendritic Cells’ Responsiveness date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301026-spgidqh3 author: Das, Shaoli title: In silico Drug Repurposing to combat COVID-19 based on Pharmacogenomics of Patient Transcriptomic Data date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301052-qdhkwa4s author: Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B. title: The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301297-vgijyani author: Khalili, Mohammad Reza title: Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301297-vgijyani.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301281-yur5hs2h author: Zelek, Wioleta M. title: Complement Inhibition with the C5 Blocker LFG316 in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300763-3ateeei3 author: Vannabouathong, Christopher title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19: Current Evidence and Evolving Strategies date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301216-a0rkpez7 author: Perez, Adriana title: Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection As Cholestatic Jaundice in Two Healthy Adolescents date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300378-m7p3d3k1 author: Tiirinki, Hanna title: COVID-19 pandemic in Finland – preliminary analysis on health system response and economic consequences date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301067-wk3cf0b7 author: Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N. title: Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301283-5bta8woj author: Rosa, William E. title: LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19:Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300445-qzu4gz2d author: Zhang, Xiao-lei title: Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301299-flb5wwzg author: García, Inés Suárez title: SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in Madrid, Spain date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301276-eer1l8vg author: Sehrawat, Sharvan title: Opinion: Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility? date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301025-cf2jcw6x author: Musca, Serban C. title: A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine's Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300608-eju7wnb9 author: Sheervalilou, Roghayeh title: COVID‐19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019‐nCoV disease date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301189-6sq1pfo8 author: Zheng, Hua title: Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300991-ipy24zxp author: Khan, Amira Sayed title: Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301412-wbu3t8j8 author: Ippolito, Edy title: COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301474-nuaq50vi author: Dyck, Jason R.B. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301483-dsaltzdd author: Hashizume, H. title: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID‐19: a case report date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300963-1n1f8mf2 author: Gajendran, Mahesh title: Inflammatory bowel disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, management strategies, and lessons learned date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301309-qzkhi6gw author: Hindilerden, Fehmi title: Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301530-l7homdjj author: Abobaker, Anis title: Reply: Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301027-b9urhbkh author: Li, R. title: Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi'an, China date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301115-sedfbjlw author: Han, Mingfeng title: Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301083-nnh95i0k author: Jumreornvong, Oranicha title: Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300899-yi2mx91a author: Kaur, Satinder title: Understanding COVID-19 transmission, health impacts and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301035-dz8642qx author: Rasheed, Jawad title: A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Supporting Frontline Workers and Decision Makers for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301619-0ojayw16 author: Adamowicz, Jan title: May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications ? date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301476-5uc76djv author: Mushi, Vivian title: Tailoring of the ongoing water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301480-jk8avgky author: Brian, Riley title: How COVID-19 inspired surgical residents to rethink educational programs date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301514-yo2ebphy author: Holten, John title: The Radiology Resident Experience at a Large Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301416-rfrbgnft author: Kashnitsky, Ilya title: COVID-19 in unequally ageing European regions date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301426-i9a5g86x author: Bray, I. title: Covid-19 mortality: a multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301402-andxwyi3 author: Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong title: Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301762-g14aik1e author: Voutsinas, Nicholas title: Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301391-5dvf1mi0 author: Islam, Md. Milon title: Breathing Aid Devices to Support Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)Infected Patients date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301473-k9257jaa author: Pernitez-Agan, S. title: Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 in the Context of Migration Health: A Study Protocol date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301511-r7k8ufqx author: Issitt, Richard W title: Children with COVID-19 at a specialist centre: initial experience and outcome date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301405-7ijaxk4v author: El Mouden, Zakariyaa Ait title: Towards Using Graph Analytics for Tracking Covid-19 date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301900-t4y4954h author: Durotoye, Idayat title: Pertinent roles of African higher institutions in the COVID‐19 pandemic response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301815-83qbmc7q author: Shabani, Mahsa title: Reporting, Recording and Communication of COVID-19 Cases in Workplace: Data Protection as a Moving Target date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301829-6yrgkx96 author: Bhardwaj, Rashmi title: Data Driven Estimation of Novel COVID-19 Transmission Risks Through Hybrid Soft-Computing Techniques date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300037-gtfx5cp4 author: Hsiang, Solomon title: The Effect of Large-Scale Anti-Contagion Policies on the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301857-56pot8f6 author: Zvizdic, Zlatan title: Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301388-p3juk2vv author: Yen, Muh-Yong title: Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author: Davahli, Mohammad Reza title: The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300551-o1da3zds author: Watson, James A title: Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301852-9nza3po0 author: Sears, David title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302081-l9whadpi author: Yasin, El-Wajeh title: Opening Pandora’s box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301590-70qmpccs author: Campos, António title: The Paradigm Shift of Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301192-wif0te3w author: Hoffman, David A title: Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301723-zz24wmv7 author: Jotz, Geraldo Pereira title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301454-ayf42grs author: Phyu Khin, Phyu title: A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301493-32l52q3s author: Hill, Jason B. title: Frequency of venous thromboembolism in 6513 patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301765-q7yavza2 author: Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego title: COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301162-ux40twpt author: Chiaravalloti, Nancy D. title: The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy author: Naqvi, Zainab Batul title: A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301921-i1o18nmw author: Sernicola, Alvise title: How to Deal With Post-viral Cutaneous Eruptions in the Era of Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301628-m4zfib3f author: Lee, Kwan Yong title: Consensus statement on coronary intervention during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic: from the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301295-kthqb2fs author: Rajkumar, R. P. title: The relationship between demographic, psychosocial and health-related parameters and the impact of COVID-19: a study of twenty-four Indian regions date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301348-h21rnyww author: Gherghina, Ștefan Cristian title: Stock Market Reactions to COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Quantitative Evidence from ARDL Bounds Tests and Granger Causality Analysis date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301684-ubw91yq1 author: Bartiromo, Marilù title: Threatening drug‐drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301975-hcinajry author: Proaño, Christian R. title: On the Macroeconomic and Social Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Latin America and the Developing World date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301975-hcinajry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301734-2anqedib author: Lazzari, Grazia title: Are there overlapping clinical features between thoracic radiotherapy side effects and covid-19 pneumonia? radiation pneumonitis outside the radiation ports : three case reports date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301734-2anqedib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301424-nt35k3eg author: Ad, Niv title: Cardiac Surgery in North America and COVID-19: Regional Variability in Burden and Impact date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302115-r39ser2c author: Matricardi, Paolo Maria title: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300716-urmogf97 author: Briguglio, Matteo title: Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300716-urmogf97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302113-xqmvix1o author: Aacharya, Ramesh Prasad title: Ethical dimensions of stigma and discrimination in Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author: Seng, J. J. B. title: Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302304-wc40gouw author: Wilson, M.P. title: Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301641-epr1sct6 author: Kumar, Durgesh title: Understanding the binding affinity of noscapines with protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 using MD simulations at different temperatures date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302067-yyw1he5j author: Roblyer, Darren title: Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301828-qux5hvcw author: Khalifa, Ibrahim title: Tannins inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL(pro): An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301779-y07xjnpe author: Fox, Sharon E title: Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300399-21xozruq author: Jayamohan, Harikrishnan title: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300399-21xozruq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302244-uwicyuhk author: Hoilat, Gilles J title: Percutaneous Mechanical Pulmonary Thrombectomy in a Patient With Pulmonary Embolism as a First Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301800-ssdzd43t author: Atal, Shubham title: Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour? date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301622-mn59vszt author: Jomah, Shahamah title: Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A review date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302228-n5o6jfs2 author: Lodise, Thomas P. title: COVID‐19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302173-536mjzy6 author: Li, Chaowei title: Clinical characteristics of chronic liver disease with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301771-43fl2gwp author: Ouassou, Hayat title: The Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation and Prevention date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302279-d1or6wty author: Kang, Chuanyuan title: Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301873-50ym0rdm author: García, Juan Manuel Picardo title: COVID-19 en residencias de mayores: una asignatura pendiente date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302131-w10y5sf9 author: Barrocas, Albert title: Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301934-l0gfangp author: Amin, Kritika Premnath title: Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 author: Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros title: Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301833-q8jiep32 author: Peres, Karina Colombera title: Body Mass Index and Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection. A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302271-js06pel9 author: Primorac, Dragan title: Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302271-js06pel9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302319-61zcicvo author: Abdelaziz, Hesham K title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302431-13hperkz author: Blanchard, Janice title: For us, COVID‐19 is personal date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302431-13hperkz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302310-16myb2n5 author: Steffens, Ines title: A hundred days into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301943-qdtfjdxr author: Javelot, H title: Panique et pandémie: revue de la littérature sur les liens entre le trouble panique et l'épidémie à SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301983-aks5z29t author: Vakili, K. title: Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302513-u9n56pnb author: Breitinger, Scott title: Key Opportunities for the COVID-19 Response to Create a Path to Sustainable Telemedicine Services date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302659-2hyiz5dr author: Young, H. A. title: Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302526-g70hhisy author: English, W. title: Investigation and management of suspected appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302413-7a80jff2 author: Brown, Timothy S. title: The Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Electively Scheduled HIP and KNEE Arthroplasty Patients in THE United States date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302214-ubepkkto author: Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel title: Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302163-0jav84zw author: Anastassopoulou, Cleo title: Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302497-5tydrrz1 author: Bukhari, Nadia title: Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302625-evpw6o02 author: Gaspar, Heloisa Amaral title: Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302393-hrz3bypr author: Omrani, Ali S. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302127-1abupl36 author: Vokó, Zoltán title: The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302127-1abupl36.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302517-7vmyxbe9 author: Díaz-Pérez, Carolina title: Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302254-egt9qdib author: Amaral-Prado, Heloísa Monteiro title: The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301947-b6nwaost author: Millán-Oñate, José title: Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient from Colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302159-exexcag6 author: Wei, Yanqiu title: Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302159-exexcag6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302667-ei151qpd author: Sekar, Raghul title: Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301677-b6mnn27h author: Soleimanian, Saeede title: Harnessing Memory NK Cell to Protect Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301946-erzh30mt author: Kwak-Kim, Joanne title: COVID-19 and immunomodulation treatment for women with reproductive failures date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 author: Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques title: COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302676-aarcjyia author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Where do we stand as dermatologists in combat with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302252-3hgy4msc author: Yoon, Soon Ho title: Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea date: 2020-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302566-pps56i3b author: Kenyon, C. title: Intensive COVID-19 testing associated with reduced mortality - an ecological analysis of 108 countries date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301730-flv5lnv8 author: Pandey, Anamika title: Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303023-rwfiug2c author: Toombs, Jessica title: Pneumococcal co‐infection in Covid‐19 patients date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302786-ibt7mupq author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Fatal Outcome in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302451-irb7rj7d author: Ssentongo, Anna E title: Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302321-6x7hyald author: Qiao, Shan title: Disparity in HIV Service Interruption in the Outbreak of COVID-19 in South Carolina date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302756-343y63e5 author: Thachil, J title: Understanding the COVID‐19 coagulopathy spectrum date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302756-343y63e5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302738-7gsm6fm7 author: Guisado-Clavero, Marina title: Uso de aplicaciones móviles y páginas web para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en España date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302384-gljfslhs author: Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K. title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302692-hlt879ef author: Daniel, Michael G. title: Symptom Shame in the COVID-19 Era: Battling Our Instincts date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302463-uw7xantz author: AĞALAR, Canan title: Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302442-jhio7mrl author: Chrzanowski, Wojciech title: Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author: Brock, Rebecca L. title: Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302708-wt86pp4l author: Bonell, Chris title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303081-sjxrvs4p author: Davis, M. M. title: Parents' Likelihood to Vaccinate Their Children and Themselves Against COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302336-zj3oixvk author: Clift, Ash K title: Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302684-r4ger87o author: Whisenant, Jennifer G. title: TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302758-i5pe61h1 author: Pier, Matthew M. title: Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302195-25gjbyi1 author: Al Huraimel, Khalid title: SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302864-2xnq1oq7 author: Quartuccio, Luca title: Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303091-jky6jlrl author: Cellai, Michele title: Characterization of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in an outpatient telemedicine clinic date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302947-flgwxc57 author: Kipshidze, Nicholas title: Targeted, Site-Specific, Delivery Vehicles of Therapeutics for COVID-19 Patients. Brief Review date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302902-34vftqt9 author: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303046-unksl7p4 author: Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel title: COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302806-1e99cygs author: Bozkurt, Banu title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302595-t6yd3znu author: Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa title: Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303183-oya0pdhw author: Bersanelli, Melissa title: COVID-19 and the newly rediscovered multidisciplinarity date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303204-xaio3nx6 author: Dami, Fabrice title: Lausanne medical dispatch centre’s response to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303068-g5y7fvy5 author: Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad title: Concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers in their working environment during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303000-tmk2c9eh author: Alhaj, Ahmad Kh. title: Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic. date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303234-t95z02g9 author: Muñoz, Miguel-Angel title: Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302316-raf5rlkq author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: From pathogenesis models to the first drug trials date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303053-238eegeu author: Pellegrini, Marianna title: Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the “Lockdown” Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303053-238eegeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303395-r0nj16l9 author: Basirjafari, Sedighe title: Association of Pediatric COVID‐19 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302800-852w35od author: Liu, Xuebing title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302800-852w35od.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302800-852w35od.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302800-852w35od.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303115-bks0uvvr author: Brown, Elizabeth A. title: COVID-19: Racism Is Like That date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302939-z0071rwa author: Erdeve, Ömer title: The Turkish Neonatal Society proposal for the management of COVID-19 in the neonatal intensive care unit date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303192-il3s8lgp author: Tam, Lai‐Shan title: Care for patients with rheumatic diseases during COVID‐19 pandemic: A position statement from APLAR date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303072-3whrbuq6 author: Wong, Fui Lin title: Disruption of paediatric orthopaedic hospital services due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a region with minimal COVID-19 illness date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302535-rnmftg3j author: van Blokland, I. V. title: Using symptom-based case predictions to identify host genetic factors that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303035-xfg3iczd author: Zhong, Yajuan title: Immunity and Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Processes may Reduce the Risk of Severe Illness in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author: Lin, Gary title: Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302865-4znh4pja author: Goldstein, Neal D. title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302821-b9ikg0xy author: Gawałko, Monika title: COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302576-fv2ib5vc author: Barisione, Emanuela title: Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303216-1pbuywz6 author: Das, Gaurav title: Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302886-5zjghwkq author: Ronit, Andreas title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303514-2ljmkabk author: Recalcati, S. title: Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302987-znogutwp author: Nguyen, Anne X title: Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302987-znogutwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303017-4zx94rm6 author: Barbieri, Antonio title: Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303034-w72oeoxq author: Haischer, Michael H. title: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303039-rteysj8j author: Liu, Ming title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303232-0lwmzjxz author: Konig, Maximilian F title: Targeting the catecholamine-cytokine axis to prevent SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm syndrome date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303240-tv1ta3z5 author: Althoff, Keri N title: Contact tracing: Essential to the public health response and our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303453-9nsk6vdi author: Schlosser, Michael title: COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303357-ufy8m1d1 author: Wang, Gang title: The challenge and response of mental health institutions in COVID-19 pandemic: from chaos to new normal date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303284-xwhxyy3d author: Volpicelli, Giovanni title: What’s new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303603-4mi64bgm author: Martínez-Urbistondo, Diego title: Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303304-3jagd9o2 author: Bellosta, Raffaello title: Major cardiovascular events in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: experience of a cardiovascular Department of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author: Guo, Jing title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303297-fiievwy7 author: Oberemok, Volodymyr V. title: SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303330-zh8wzza5 author: Magleby, Reed title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303100-ovrzcf84 author: Maguire, Donogh title: Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303442-5fjb6iz8 author: Morshed, M. S. title: Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303572-5np6373x author: Furstenburg, Phillip P. title: Emergency centre reorganization in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic: A district hospital’s dynamic adaptation response date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303572-5np6373x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303414-fwamdr08 author: Oztig, Lacin Idil title: Human Mobility and COVID-19: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302937-3yivxfi8 author: Robertson, Christopher T title: Indemnifying precaution: economic insights for regulation of a highly infectious disease date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303237-xvba5mqq author: Wang, L.-Y. title: Genetic Profiles in Pharmacogenes Indicate Personalized Drug Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303667-z3tmy8hw author: Yousefzai, Rayan title: Misdiagnosis in the COVID era: When Zebras are Everywhere, Don’t Forget the Horses date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303571-ossmgzzn author: Iorfa, S. K. title: COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception and precautionary behaviour among Nigerians: A moderated mediation approach date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303384-bgvagdft author: Bilinska, Katarzyna title: Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303516-1yfaxlp5 author: Dyer, Jessica title: The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302382-eifh95zm author: Owji, Hajar title: Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303656-wtqwghon author: Faust, Jeremy title: Relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City, February 1 - April 18, 2020. date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303483-wendrxee author: Rubin, Geoffrey D. title: The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303483-wendrxee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303631-u0rzxw7o author: Hart, Andrew title: Cover Illustration: “Lockdown” mural, Bath Street, Glasgow, by the.rebel.bearUnshackling Plastic Surgery from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303621-uipazeve author: Rajkumar, R. P. title: Genetic polymorphisms mediating behavioural and immune response to pathogens may moderate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303621-uipazeve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303137-g2pe3ad8 author: Moss, Emanuel title: High Tech, High Risk: Tech Ethics Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303331-xolksoy3 author: Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza title: Assessment of the outbreak risk, mapping and infection behavior of COVID-19: Application of the autoregressive integrated-moving average (ARIMA) and polynomial models date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author: Klabunde, Thomas title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303363-uu9hb1c9 author: Karimi, Mehran title: Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the “high clinical risk” category? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303523-m16vlv1q author: Ogundokun, R. O. title: MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION FOR COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN INDIA date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303600-96vtj89w author: Kapoor, Deeksha title: Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery in COVID Times date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303609-9217t0ui author: Baselga, María Trinidad title: Trombosis y COVID-19: revisión de alcance date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303718-7bpap31f author: Binder, Adam F. title: Treating Hematologic Malignancies During a Pandemic: Utilizing Telehealth and Digital Technology to Optimize Care date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303690-8h58rmwk author: Michelozzi, Paola title: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303054-s1clwunc author: Velly, Lionel title: Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303539-gimz41yb author: Goudouris, Ekaterini S. title: Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19() date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304018-1fxjdl1m author: Peters, Sanne A.E. title: Obesity as a risk factor for COVID‐19 mortality in women and men in the UK Biobank: comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303960-86mukxg1 author: Rahimi, Farid title: Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303659-mzez7v4d author: Elsayed, Sarah M title: The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303407-n7j56sci author: Popofsky, Stephanie title: Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Detection on Breastfeeding Due to Infant Separation at Birth date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303747-o09canse author: Bennett, Courtney E. title: ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303747-o09canse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303747-o09canse.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303747-o09canse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303660-2bxpqhro author: Direkoglu, C. title: Worldwide and Regional Forecasting of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Spread using a Deep Learning Model date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author: Iqbal, Sajid title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304203-lhqvi3j0 author: Barman, Manash Pratim title: COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author: Mash, Bob title: Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303959-e1654g5j author: Vitiello, Antonio title: COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Fibrotic Tissue: Clinical Pharmacological Rational of Antifibrotic Therapy date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304230-rxhoe8cw author: Hay-David, A.G.C. title: Reducing medical error during a pandemic date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304285-mfztp5om author: McNabb-Baltar, Julia title: Lipase Elevation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303107-f5k686pg author: Yang, Yifan title: Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303991-pjycxlse author: Shah, M. R. T. title: Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304063-yb8rfd8r author: Din, Misbahud title: COVID‐19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303787-dx1n8jap author: Vonck, Kristl title: Neurological manifestations and neuro‐invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303030-8unrcb1f author: Gaeta, Giuseppe title: Social distancing versus early detection and contacts tracing in epidemic management date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303661-etb19d6y author: Shin, Hyoung-Shik title: Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304313-nuz5yvht author: Esser, Charlotte title: COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed! date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303819-w1785lap author: Cortegiani, Andrea title: Update I. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303819-w1785lap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author: Tsay, Calvin title: Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304035-s9tkyuso author: Inal, Jameel title: Biological Factors Linking ApoE ε4 Variant and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303811-vr5nao8w author: Binson, Guillaume title: Preparation and physicochemical stability of 50 mg/ml hydroxychloroquine oral suspension in Syrspend pH4 dry date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303799-9hh17k86 author: Huang, Ying title: Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304327-mtkgr542 author: Jouffroy, Romain title: Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304124-ym9mf5wz author: Li, Jia title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304219-tmlatghe author: Ojha, Rashi title: Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304101-b9na3yf6 author: Yong, Suh Kuan title: Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303731-yrlzxtbw author: Fong, Raymond title: Management of Dysphagia in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Experiences date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304010-n4gxxl5i author: Sung, Ho Kyung title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304352-zdxztb5h author: Montgomery, Robert A. title: COVID-19, Health, Conservation, and Shared Wellbeing: Details Matter date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304115-xs54f295 author: Zamaniyan, Marzieh title: Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID‐19 pneumonia and vertical transmission date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304115-xs54f295.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303785-2y4a1luj author: Suárez, V. title: Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México: del 27 febrero al 30 de abril de 2020 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303791-yw80ndg6 author: Ashique, Karalikkattil T. title: Teledermatology in the Wake of COVID -19 Scenario: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304379-4mfyxp6h author: Wang, Jin title: Mathematical models for COVID-19: applications, limitations, and potentials date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303860-jpy373ph author: Huang, Zhifeng title: Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Burns Treatment During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304550-6j1pb1pu author: Yongchen, Zhang title: Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304526-hoybp1h6 author: Kwon, Ki Tae title: Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303880-zv4nbz9p author: Tsikala Vafea, Maria title: Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303917-2tu707ng author: Zhang, Lei title: Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review date: 2020-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304108-kn9v8qmz author: Aksu, Kurtuluş title: Factors determining COVID‐19 pneumonia severity in a country with routine BCG vaccination date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304016-4o2bpedp author: Hanage, William P. title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304280-2a84u4tm author: Masic, Izet title: Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304157-u0mlee6u author: Nyasulu, Juliet title: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304956-zqm5fl38 author: Vinayachandran, Divya title: Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID‐19? date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304636-houm2zcu author: Guillan, Marta title: Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304664-rha9pwob author: Liu, N. title: High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji author: Iqbal, Najaf title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304928-qcwtgx2b author: Pasini, Elena title: EEG findings in COVID-19 related encephalopathy date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304282-om2xc4bs author: Berhan, Yifru title: Will Africa be Devastated by Covid-19 as Many Predicted? Perspective and Prospective date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304340-9mrtic2k author: Karacan, Ilker title: The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304474-hfv43e9m author: Marchese, Valentina title: Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303397-lbpve38s author: Liu, N. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Evidence Map of Medical Literature date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304813-10n1ol1g author: Piccolo, Vincenzo title: Chilblain‐like lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: should we really worry? date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304495-j3kh7tou author: Ohnleiter, Thomas title: Organisation d’un service de radiothérapie pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19 : expérience du centre hospitalier de Mulhouse date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304321-y177sqee author: Cho, Ryan H. W. title: Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304321-y177sqee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303517-8971aq02 author: Cajamarca-Baron, Jairo title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Patients with some Degree of Immunosuppression date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303517-8971aq02.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304328-6lwhuido author: Khaled, Arwa title: The Knowledge and Attitude of the Community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, Toward COVID-19 and Their Precautionary Measures Against the Disease date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305048-y42o6exe author: Sugimoto, Hiroshi title: Chest tube with air leaks is a potential “super spreader” of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304429-qmcrvufu author: Deepmala, title: Analysis and prediction of Covid-19 spreading through Bayesian modelling with a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304088-xkg0ylz8 author: Zhu, Han title: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304603-u7cph27q author: Chen, Shi title: Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304766-h9kuytuf author: Lei, Hao title: Non-pharmaceutical interventions used to control COVID-19 reduced seasonal influenza transmission in China date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303741-1ou0cy5k author: Stafstrom, Carl E. title: COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304966-w2voi8en author: Cummings, Cori title: Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From the Buckle of the Stroke Belt date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304656-v0fyb161 author: Balayla, J. title: Prevalence Threshold and Temporal Interpretation of Screening Tests: The Example of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304610-6o3hydg6 author: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde title: Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304895-fw7qt571 author: Belhouideg, Soufiane title: Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305044-lrxzeysw author: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title: An Invited commentary on ‘’ Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article’’ date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304946-fs02dxg5 author: Brochez, L. title: Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304576-ds3udegk author: Sommerstein, Rami title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Do Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect? date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305000-yx4fu9ds author: Riley, Matthew J. title: Hereditary haemochromatosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304791-wv4qu9xm author: Carfora, Vincenzo title: Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305057-elglyass author: Dutt, Tina title: Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa—the Missing Factor? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305057-elglyass.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305057-elglyass.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305057-elglyass.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304573-3nhglbw4 author: Bola, Sumrit title: COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal? date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304388-pth2d40p author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304898-he57l0y7 author: Belghmaidi, Sarah title: Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Presenting with Unilateral Diplopia and Strabismus in a 24-Year-Old Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303585-8py6joh6 author: Verma, Surjeet title: Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304356-jyp9gjh9 author: Grant, Rogan A. title: Alveolitis in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is driven by self-sustaining circuits between infected alveolar macrophages and T cells date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304601-e6qlx1r6 author: Garcez, Flavia Barreto title: Delirium and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305068-9qh8vgtc author: Pinto Pereira, João title: Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303651-fkdep6cp author: Thompson, Robin N. title: Key questions for modelling COVID-19 exit strategies date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305089-y5cdqlze author: González-García, Andrés title: Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 with subcutaneous anakinra as a sole treatment date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305110-mujpekyu author: Cloud, David H. title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305073-8301zqj9 author: Alhakeem, Ayat title: Case Report: COVID-19–Associated Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax—A Literature Review date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304306-rxjahqwh author: Vlachakis, Dimitrios title: Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304418-k9owyolj author: Le Maréchal, M. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304838-r9w8milu author: Olaseni, Abayomi O. title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304208-jwlc8fxj author: Vagni, Monia title: Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305169-5b4b0qx2 author: Gao, Liang-qin title: In Silico Screening of Potential Chinese Herbal Medicine Against COVID-19 by Targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II Using Molecular Docking date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304996-st1nn3pc author: Baggiani, Angelo title: Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305266-fuaq4ujb author: Gong, Yue title: Early Research on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304780-lbq70q11 author: Han, Changwoo title: Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author: Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305342-6t5il86c author: Zhang, Xiao title: Coming back to the normal clinic: how has COVID-19 changed us? date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305283-1bg1ykui author: ElSeirafi, Mohamed MA. title: Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection in Bahrain: A report of 5 cases date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304746-7yzybukk author: Li, Xinye title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305179-c6d2vym9 author: Vaid, Shashank title: Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305497-rlxrn3ap author: Chorin, Ehud title: QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305025-pqye1ebh author: Sharifi, Majid title: Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: challenges and opportunities date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304872-hnxmtbrf author: Lv, Hao title: Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304925-9gvx3swf author: Xie, Zhixiang title: Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305076-v56y5nyt author: Singh, Parmvir title: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Devastating Systemic Disorder of Special Concern with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305136-tnvp3n1g author: Hauer, Karen E. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305299-vbhilmve author: Santos, C. Sieiro title: Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with underlying rheumatic disease date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305139-851v2qr3 author: Peys, Elise title: Haemoptysis as the first presentation of COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305281-vlsy1ofk author: Cuschieri, Sarah title: Dealing with COVID-19 in small European island states: Cyprus, Iceland and Malta date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304983-u2yag4gf author: Albani, Filippo title: Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin is associated with a lower death rate in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cohort study date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author: Goodarzi, Pedram title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305226-9iedjcr6 author: Dua, Anisha B title: Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304013-nzigx0k0 author: Lipinski, Tom title: Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305270-vos341i1 author: Conte, Luana title: Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305270-vos341i1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305405-me4gebvm author: Conway, J. title: Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305059-8z54lw2d author: Qu, Jie-Ming title: Chapter 4 Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2021-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304802-44m7u1oz author: Settersten, Richard A. title: Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305539-vynlbty5 author: Park, Byunggeon title: Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305530-b6r6j1ek author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility of Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks in the UK by Rolling Interventions date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305397-4dx3q6o6 author: Ashraf, Muddasir title: Seizures Related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Case Series and Literature Review date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305363-4msd8mqo author: Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto title: Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305629-utjng3dq author: Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy title: Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304399-7t2mu13s author: Wynne, Keona Jeane title: Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305618-tq401g18 author: Kim, Beom Joon title: Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305618-tq401g18.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305659-4pdtqmgp author: Kemmner, Stephan title: Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305739-hr52e5iz author: Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel title: Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305183-6ixjbbek author: Mehrotra, S. title: A Model for Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305297-ync3dhyz author: Flanders, W. Dana title: The Association of Voter Turnout with County-level COVID-19 Occurrence Early in the Pandemic date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305574-ldkri5gh author: Mesnier, Jules title: Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305568-8seufdv0 author: Rohani, Pejman title: Protein losing enteropathy and pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with COVID 19 infection date: 2021-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305389-n5cppi72 author: D’Alonzo, Daniele title: COVID-19 and pneumonia: a role for the uPA/uPAR system date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305965-yzx21hp7 author: Ramalingam, HariPrasad title: Delayed Diagnosis of Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Report date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305657-ayqxesiv author: Kalra, Mannudeep K. title: Chest CT practice and protocols for COVID-19 from radiation dose management perspective date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305632-xbji6g5x author: Uccelli, Matteo title: COVID-19 and Obesity: Is Bariatric Surgery Protective? Retrospective Analysis on 2145 Patients Undergone Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery from High Volume Center in Italy (Lombardy) date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305134-s7h6bpof author: Mackman, Nigel title: Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305479-o47mv4uw author: Feng, Xiaobo title: Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Severe Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305828-kueqo67y author: Ma, Yarong title: Psychological Stress among Health Care Professionals during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Cases from Online Consulting Customers date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305782-gnzwe2z2 author: Satici, Celal title: Performance of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305793-xmkiqgbn author: Giovannoni, Gavin title: Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304450-1ub3xzsv author: Ralph, Paul title: Pandemic programming: How COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305286-nbbg511n author: Xu, Zihui title: The impact of type 2 diabetes and its management on the prognosis of patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306342-wwinyu7x author: Marano, Luigi title: Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305760-43qxf408 author: Elgendi, M. title: The Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks and X-Ray as a Practical Alternative for Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305760-43qxf408.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305703-ypeibwje author: Veronese, Nicola title: Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306070-2dgs5oih author: Askin, Ozge title: Cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized patients diagnosed as COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306072-tfvt6sjq author: Ong, Sean Wei Xiang title: Safety and potential efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305929-kxiuhu5m author: rugarabamu, s. title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306226-znj4gp87 author: Alemanno, Giovanni title: Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305969-yy4f4x5i author: Eng, John title: Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306016-2gudro8v author: Pelt, Christopher E. title: The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305682-b232ra0j author: Rahaman Khan, Md Hasinur title: COVID-19 Outbreak Situations in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305542-zyxqcfa3 author: Oliver, Nuria title: Mobile phone data for informing public health actions across the COVID-19 pandemic life cycle date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305956-l02xdq87 author: Alqahtani, Saleh A title: Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306195-r2rt3upd author: Püschel, Klaus title: Corona deaths in Hamburg, Germany date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306293-miyc5kok author: Sherman, Courtney B title: In‐Person Outreach and Telemedicine in Liver and Intestinal Transplant: A Survey of National Practices, Impact of COVID‐19 and Areas of Opportunity date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306322-vx1fqtl5 author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305422-t8azymo7 author: Yi, Ye title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306034-1u29o2id author: Cazzolla, Angela P. title: Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306008-kh4y44uy author: Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman title: Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305858-gp1u4kh7 author: Song, Xiang title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306149-sd0s0jup author: Ratanarat, Ranistha title: Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306199-3ssri5nf author: Tseng, Jennifer title: How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process? date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305856-xt3zxajf author: Shanmugam, Chandrakumar title: COVID-2019 – A comprehensive pathology insight date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306270-9bsr2jz0 author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305941-277iqp0u author: Bozdağ, Faruk title: Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306652-e9zvyftn author: Eng, Oliver S. title: Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306108-ja0wyr5w author: B K, Anupama title: A Review of Acute Myocardial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305582-3hmsknon author: Li, Lei title: Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305534-936peb1n author: Johnson, Kemmian D. title: Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305534-936peb1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306200-d5qn65k0 author: Petersen, Eskild title: COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305763-160heazx author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305763-160heazx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305763-160heazx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305763-160heazx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305770-xygg4lxu author: Busetto, Gian Maria title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features? date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306495-o0ah1gj9 author: Haidar, Ghady title: COVID-19, organ transplantation, and the nuances of immunomodulation: lessons learned and what comes next date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306247-259zacce author: Garnica, Marcia title: COVID-19 in hematology: data from a hematologic and transplant unit date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306247-259zacce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306247-259zacce.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306247-259zacce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306183-uhnrxuwd author: Bousquet, Guilhem title: ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306567-44w6op7p author: Krittanawong, Chayakrit title: Misinformation dissemination in Twitter in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306347-gmw3z85r author: Maniscalco, Pietro title: The deep impact of novel CoVID-19 infection in an Orthopedics and Traumatology Department: the experience of the Piacenza Hospital date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305262-23qylbmg author: Rowan, Neil J. title: Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306721-18tmaw2i author: Thorne, C.J. title: COVID-19 Resuscitation guidelines: a blanket rule for everyone? date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306646-6c7n0xir author: Crimi, Claudia title: Resumption of Respiratory Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 era: experience from Southern Italy date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306377-s9j21zsy author: Yan, Li title: A machine learning-based model for survival prediction in patients with severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306700-sz3bji8c author: Gandhi, Abhay Jayprakash title: An Ayurvedic Perspective along with in Silico Study of the Drugs for the Management of Sars-Cov-2 date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306243-ar7xvd2c author: Campbell, Katherine H. title: Consolidation of Obstetric Services in a Public Health Emergency date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306214-2wjv6aeb author: Medjeral-Thomas, Nicholas R. title: Cohort study of outpatient hemodialysis management strategies for COVID-19 in North-West London date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305959-x061q8t7 author: Davoudi-Monfared, Effat title: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306952-cpltrsa7 author: de Souza, Pedro Mansueto Melo title: Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306599-oedkaf75 author: Gumina, Stefano title: The impact of COVID-19 on shoulder and elbow trauma. An Italian survey date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306177-5wefp31y author: Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso title: Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306585-kdlv46tq author: Zhang, Z. title: Dynamical balance between the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic development date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306465-7kevsl1z author: Agarwal, Krishna Mohan title: Study and Overview of the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307207-xfu5d7dt author: Abbas, Ahmed M. title: COVID‐19 and maternal pre‐eclampsia; a synopsis date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306141-19o76jqr author: Käpplinger, Bernd title: “The lockdown of physical co-operation touches the heart of adult education”: A Delphi study on immediate and expected effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306421-r8wzvpn5 author: Sizoo, Eefje M. title: Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306809-ugxuh7z4 author: AKÇAY, Şule title: Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306790-82nltfk3 author: Sheikh, Abu Baker title: Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction in Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306536-tkjg6iu0 author: Tang, P. M. title: Geographical identification of the vulnerable groups during COVID-19 crisis: the typhoon eye effect and its boundary conditions date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306685-w7y5g2x0 author: Chalk, D. title: Modelling Palliative and End of Life resource requirements during COVID-19: implications for quality care date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306718-7wp5jmxe author: Remaeus, Katarina title: Characteristics and short‐term obstetric outcomes in a case series of 67 women tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Stockholm, Sweden date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306453-w1sxap5p author: Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A.M. title: Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306810-g64gjpbd author: Mendivelso Duarte, Fredy Orlando title: Recomendaciones para la reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307087-zsbmaieg author: Aguiar de Sousa, Diana title: The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306856-swiskyuf author: Ducournau, F. title: COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306670-c2jm0g88 author: Zhang, Yan title: Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306760-05my504t author: Turner, Dan title: Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306760-05my504t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306760-05my504t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306760-05my504t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306729-oa9i4ss9 author: Luo, Li-Sha title: COVID-19: Presumed Infection Routes and Psychological Impact on Staff in Administrative and Logistics Departments in a Designated Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author: Clarfield, A. Mark title: Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306375-cs4s2o8y author: Costa-Santos, C. title: COVID-19 surveillance - a descriptive study on data quality issues date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306881-wrd2rhjz author: Gehrie, Eric title: Transfusion Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306999-bedygxjs author: Kurihara, Hayato title: Authors' response: Surgery in the coronavirus disease 2019 phase 2 Italian scenario: Lessons learned in northern Italy spoke hospitals date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306466-y4yg42p8 author: Nofal, Ahmed Maged title: Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306748-i9ndb71n author: Kobia, Francis title: COVID-19: Are Africa’s diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness? date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307100-w33e2078 author: Douedi, Steven title: Successful Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in COVID-19 Pregnant Women: An Institutional Approach date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307100-w33e2078.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306227-63qvvkvk author: Shammi, Mashura title: Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306351-ka6asw3m author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306858-8ypafd3h author: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title: Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307044-4czeehkq author: Liu, Jiaye title: Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307089-344rhiw0 author: Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima title: Covid-19 in Brazil date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306916-4dqzuy4u author: Barré, Jean title: Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307273-pplky6g4 author: Schrooyen, Loïc title: Homeless people hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brussels date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307329-gfwllo1r author: Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan title: Fetal Interventions in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic: Statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306551-qf7h9m78 author: Han, Heesup title: The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306832-w8s282nq author: Tarragón, Blanca title: FRACASO RENAL AGUDO EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307070-tqxvu3pu author: Iqbal, Phool title: Should We Rely on Screening Tests for Further Management Alone in Polymerase Chain Reaction Negative COVID-19 Patients? A Case Series date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307246-y6di9aum author: Chia, Pow-Li title: Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306997-84pjfawk author: Melazzini, Federica title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307313-sox12zfo author: Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E. title: The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307128-wwjeu8ie author: Walz, Lucas title: Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307426-fkzk8ubd author: Su, Zheng title: The Critical Role of Futility Analysis in the Pursuit of Effective Treatments for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307018-l2i499z3 author: Antonio Reyes-Bueno, José title: Análisis de letalidad en pacientes con demencia neurodegenerativa por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307340-00m2g55u author: Gerasimov, A. title: Reaching collective immunity for COVID-19: an estimate with a heterogeneous model based on the data for Italy date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306414-2dv3qced author: Gutierrez, Lucas title: Deciphering the TCR Repertoire to Solve the COVID-19 Mystery date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307378-cx1jz7wf author: Dadar, Maryam title: The association between the incidence of COVID-19 and the distance from the virus epicenter in Iran date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author: Christensen, Sarah R. title: Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307258-66lwpblq author: Li, Weixia title: Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-03-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307416-v2296g5p author: Joob, Beuy title: Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306819-otabtxin author: Asensio-Samper, JM title: Recomendaciones Prácticas Para El Manejo Del Paciente Con Dolor Crónico Durante La Pandemia De COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306819-otabtxin.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307291-2jhrd9ex author: Zhang, S. X. title: Beyond predicting the number of infections: predicting who is likely to be COVID negative or positive date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307497-wtfvoifb author: Abu-Raya, Bahaa title: Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307160-1vz0gw1w author: Morais-Almeida, Mário title: COVID-19, asthma, and biologic therapies: What we need to know date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306835-juitltpi author: Babaei, Fatemeh title: Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306835-juitltpi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307477-yddx2585 author: Kolani, Sylvie title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307477-yddx2585.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307309-s0t4kp2x author: Liang, Ying title: Symptoms, Management and Healthcare Utilization of COPD Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Beijing date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307481-h7xvehvk author: Abbas, Ahmed M. title: A focused review on the genital and sexual affection of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307334-6rn69sne author: Sullivan, Ryan J title: COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307546-g2oztc8j author: Brewer, Nikki title: Sonographer safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307421-8ev8k9ok author: Li, Chenxi title: A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307342-3gkiukh4 author: Clark, Eva title: Why contact tracing efforts have failed to curb COVID-19 transmission in much of the U.S date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306690-s5mxes4r author: Shangguan, Ziheng title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 32 resourceName b'cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307293-zp4oddrt author: McCoy, Liam G title: CAN-NPI: A Curated Open Dataset of Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Response to the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307187-5blsjicu author: Missel, Malene title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307227-x6xketcn author: Martin, William R. title: Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307284-w693a2rm author: Flament, H. title: Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity: evidence for an IL-18 dependent mechanism date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307623-8bd5m5tk author: Núñez Gil, Iván J. title: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19 international registry (HOPE COVID-19), rationale and design date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307285-bxy0zsc7 author: Dar Odeh, Najla title: COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307622-r23eebet author: Kass, David A title: Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307622-r23eebet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307516-5r5h1z1o author: Kahyaoglu Sut, Hatice title: Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey: A web‐based cross‐sectional study date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307502-vuju89lc author: Leipe, J. title: SARS-CoV-2 & Rheuma: Konsequenzen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie für Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Ein Vergleich der Handlungsempfehlungen rheumatologischer Fachgesellschaften und Risikobewertung verschiedener antirheumatischer Therapien date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307660-onz6vfre author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Use of Baricitinib in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307804-s94mdu3h author: Mady, Ossama M. title: Increased incidence of otitis externa in covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307127-1kkpx108 author: Gill, D. title: ACE inhibition and cardiometabolic risk factors, lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression, and plasma ACE2 levels: a Mendelian randomization study date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307496-1k3d3o2q author: Meraj, Gowhar title: Coronavirus pandemic versus temperature in the context of Indian subcontinent: a preliminary statistical analysis date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307574-vmik4neu author: Ottaviani, S. title: Lung ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19: comparison with CT date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307610-tqvt5hzr author: Arora, Amarpreet Singh title: Current perspective of COVID-19 spread across South Korea: exploratory data analysis and containment of the pandemic date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307572-44503zbt author: Afolabi, Babalola I. title: Multimodality imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial essay date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307572-44503zbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306733-df36w6l7 author: Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio title: What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307745-8dq3vyw9 author: Rossi, Rosario title: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307710-dlpfbnb1 author: Neradi, Deepak title: Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307585-dbc0spzv author: Klain, Michele title: Management of differentiated thyroid cancer through nuclear medicine facilities during Covid-19 emergency: the telemedicine challenge date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307570-8f83k2ce author: Prodromos, Chadwick title: Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307688-r1pgmn6i author: Goenka, Mahesh K. title: Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307322-h7vqmlq9 author: Gongalsky, Maxim B title: Early detection of superspreaders by mass group pool testing can mitigate COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307862-a082sghm author: ten Cate, Hugo title: Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307862-a082sghm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307702-n74wvika author: Durant, Thomas J S title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307702-n74wvika.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307540-dr5m9pfk author: Coelho, Flávio C. title: Assessing the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil: Mobility, morbidity and social vulnerability date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307646-4m80o5yw author: Wu, Jianfeng title: Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307691-oufc6ywp author: Li, Runmin title: Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307671-f9l2l8fi author: Said, Mohammed title: The Forgotten Element in the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Patient Consent! date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307512-70j4vn78 author: Worku, Elliott title: Provision of ECPR during COVID-19: evidence, equity, and ethical dilemmas date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307941-kato4ix2 author: Ameri, Arefeh title: Tele-Pharmacy: A New Opportunity for Consultation in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307287-zpq6byml author: Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine title: Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307406-59yh48tt author: de Loyola, Mariana Braccialli title: Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin: A possible host protective factor against Covid‐19 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307751-4r44ww59 author: Tran, Bach Xuan title: Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307927-bwltiaeo author: Amiel, Gilad E. title: Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307857-1xj0ys7c author: Headey, Derek title: Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307998-uaubbz4r author: Ben Abdallah, Iannis title: Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307520-8zmwh9ch author: Smith, L.E. title: Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307868-bsmni8sh author: Dhungana, Nimesh title: Human dignity and cross-border migrants in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307741-j6ihxzm2 author: Wang, Cuiyan title: A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308263-stnv5oip author: Rosen, Raphael J. title: Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308080-1heu9vuv author: Simulundu, Edgar title: First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307761-luzs56k5 author: Scarmozzino, Federico title: Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307880-atrihlc2 author: Jhaveri, Kinnari title: “Soup cans, brooms, and Zoom:” Rapid conversion of a cancer survivorship program to telehealth during COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307945-wkz43axo author: Baud, Grégory title: Endocrine surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines in France date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307229-wjx90xki author: da Silveira, Matheus Pelinski title: Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308085-x00c3eex author: Kirsch, David G. title: Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307653-nyr6mtj1 author: Palmeira, Patricia title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308159-qqxsrp87 author: Elder, Colby title: Expectant management of pneumothorax in intubated COVID-19 positive patients: a case series date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308010-ix0xi5jb author: Mcloughlin, Benjamin C. title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307673-ekajojon author: Kaukinen, Catherine title: When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307673-ekajojon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308357-sjravgng author: Mariania, Silvia title: Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308357-sjravgng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author: Soetikno, Roy title: Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307690-1qqyixun author: Preti, Emanuele title: Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307929-286i4rue author: Bustati, Nour title: The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment- An Online Questionnaire Cross Sectional Study date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-307929-286i4rue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308597-ieju8gd8 author: de Carvalho, Renata Cristina title: The interference of COVID-19 in the male reproductive system: Important questions and the future of assisted reproduction techniques date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308165-pk8d48hs author: Olu, Olushayo Oluseun title: Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308155-696bhy9v author: TRECARICHI, E. M. title: Characteristics, outcome and predictors of in-hospital mortality in an elderly population from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility. date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308473-x2tfx8l9 author: Zhang, Xiu-jie title: COVID-19: What is next for nursing in public health emergency? date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308168-kte6btc6 author: Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann title: Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307791-59ja1ith author: Pranata, Raymond title: Body Mass Index and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308293-8y2iaqnl author: Singh, Vijay P. title: What underlies the benefit of famotidine formulations used during COVID-19? date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308195-nlibv0u4 author: Arleo, T. L. title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308270-343r91km author: Sawlani, V. title: COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308270-343r91km.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308270-343r91km.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308270-343r91km.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author: Bakken, Suzanne title: Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308364-4u4woek3 author: Akkineni, Sisir title: Percutaneous Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: The Miami Model date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308184-w8ewm8ve author: Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo title: How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308114-68cgub5o author: Afrin, Lawrence B. title: Covid-19 Hyperinflammation and Post-Covid-19 Illness May Be Rooted in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308271-zzepl3on author: Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia title: COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308808-9nol6rb4 author: Mehrpour, Omid title: Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308069-iydjrmhh author: Contreras, Sebastián title: Statistically-based methodology for revealing real contagion trends and correcting delay-induced errors in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308116-it0alwps author: Algara, M. title: Low dose anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia by covid-19: A proposal for a multi-centric prospective trial date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308116-it0alwps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308476-pyje6txy author: Campochiaro, Corrado title: The conundrum of interleukin-6 blockade in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308218-0rztvk9g author: Dunham, Alexandra M. title: A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308358-2bap7iih author: Friedland, Robert P title: The role for the metagenome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author: Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308715-uo6h1h2e author: Chandra, Aman title: Personal protective equipment (PPE) for vitreoretinal surgery during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308075-1ftswsm8 author: Segura, Patricia Sanz title: Involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19. A review date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308730-mv3ttl1e author: Bujanda, Luis title: Surgery and emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308702-90a4dj76 author: Hussain, Azhar title: Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection: Early experience date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308252-qwoo7b1l author: Cardinale, Vincenzo title: Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308762-lxhq9ga4 author: Sharma, Manoj Kumar title: Researcher Burnout: An Overlooked Aspect in Mental Health Research in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308667-6jr3z9wx author: Papachristodoulou, Eleni title: Long-term and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: implications from current and past knowledge date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307983-gjdza9bh author: Hawdon, James title: Cybercrime in America amid COVID-19: the Initial Results from a Natural Experiment date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308402-37i62atc author: Barnes, Betsy J. title: Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308402-37i62atc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308256-jy20xtwx author: Wells, P. M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308123-eu0azqfu author: Lee, Yun Young title: Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308673-dkmpayk4 author: Ni, Li title: Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308848-chvvtr0d author: Fidel, Paul L. title: Reply to Özdemir, “Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship” date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308527-scxemthv author: Barauna, V. G. title: Ultra-rapid on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using simple ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and analysis algorithm: high sensitivity and specificity date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308527-scxemthv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308807-9yggo5yk author: Zheng, DavidX. title: National analysis of COVID-19 and older emergency physicians date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308545-5n55yl2s author: Verscheijden, Laurens F. M. title: Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID‐19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308383-j1gi1cxu author: Xu, Jie title: Associations of Stay-at-Home Order and Face-Masking Recommendation with Trends in Daily New Cases and Deaths of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309195-0scmephx author: Blicharz, Leszek title: Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309195-0scmephx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 author: Liu, X. title: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308740-06jr58kz author: Lazaridis, Charalampos title: Involvement of Cardiovascular System As The Critical Point in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prognosis and Recovery date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308616-tyd50s4m author: Bizri, Abdul Rahman title: COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insult Over Injury for Lebanon date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308615-4fobikeh author: AKTAS, Busra title: Gut-lung axis and dysbiosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308813-4ah3cdph author: Bartlett, Robert H. title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308648-bus3axay author: He, Shan title: Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308648-bus3axay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308680-moligska author: Wong, Justin title: Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308680-moligska.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308354-p50vs2eb author: Martinsson, Lisa title: Were clinical routines for good end-of-life care maintained in hospitals and nursing homes during the first three months of the outbreak of COVID-19? A national register study date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309128-gmraihg6 author: Yanai, Hidekatsu title: A Significance of High Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308860-llumyzno author: Ramón Martínez Riera, José title: ATENCIÓN DOMICILIARIA Y COVID-19. ANTES, DURANTE Y DESPUÉS DEL ESTADO DE ALARMA date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308860-llumyzno.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308986-eblxpfds author: Ferreira-Santos, D. title: Identifying baseline clinical features of people with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308892-5gbjdr0u author: Fu, Lin title: Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308803-i934doud author: PONNAPA REDDY, M. title: Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308803-i934doud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308803-i934doud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308803-i934doud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308424-crvnzr44 author: Mascarenhas, Victor Hugo Alves title: Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309200-t2xugb8l author: Asadi, Sima title: The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles? date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309171-kgc7lgjp author: Dolinger, Michael T. title: Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308491-fc46k594 author: Mossa-Basha, Mahmud title: Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308491-fc46k594.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309125-ddgoc5yk author: Gavin, Blánaid title: Opportunities for international collaboration in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308018-qao9wxzq author: Tisdell, Clement A. title: Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309133-0jh84w6f author: Huang, Shiu-Feng title: Rapid establishment of a COVID-19 biobank in NHRI by National Biobank Consortium of Taiwan date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308906-et7duogt author: Di, Gaohong title: Simple and Effective Primary Assessment of Emergency Patients in a COVID-19 Outbreak Area: A Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308906-et7duogt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309370-g8d3w7it author: Insausti-García, Alfredo title: Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308996-tf0v2ojk author: Maas, Angela HEM title: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308964-y18nru1d author: Couper, Keith title: COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309032-idjdzs97 author: Zhou, Feng title: Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Critical Time Intervals of COVID-19 in Eighteen Provinces, China: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309315-3ojmmkwf author: Sugiyama, Yohsuke title: Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309024-pu830bn9 author: Bernardo, Luca title: Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309001-erm705tg author: Liu, Q. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309001-erm705tg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308431-l4sv28hj author: Schindler, Seth title: Covid-19, China and the future of global development date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309238-7lbt0f03 author: Koratala, Abhilash title: Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309267-ihc7h8ik author: Vervaecke, Deanna title: Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309436-5qoo3a8i author: Balanzá–Martínez, V. title: Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309214-v2iqgjc4 author: Nougier, Christophe title: Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in sars‐cov2 associated thrombosis date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309236-p4c2d5y3 author: Khurram, Ruhaid title: Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309360-cpis1l4u author: Barrios-López, J. M. title: Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association? date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309147-c3ikb81g author: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid title: Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309134-mxk8d9jd author: Zhou, Yongxia title: Cohort study of chest CT and clinical changes in 29 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309509-ftwpys3y author: Ondoa, Pascale title: COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309194-jtouafgd author: Lu, Xiao title: Lung ultrasound score in establishing the timing of intubation in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: A preliminary retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309089-ex9nh1yi author: Coperchini, Francesca title: The Cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309441-obojsf04 author: Pirau, Letitia title: Case Series: Evidence of Borderzone Ischemia in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who “Do Not Wake Up” date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309441-obojsf04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309095-ka9abe0c author: Idoiaga, Nahia title: Exploring Children’s Social and Emotional Representations of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309608-oal60som author: Luo, Shihua title: Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309608-oal60som.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309608-oal60som.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309608-oal60som.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309395-5yan9fcn author: Kazory, Amir title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309521-2cb992u1 author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309706-kikx05dj author: MacDonald, Scott title: Implementing a 2019 coronavirus disease airway management strategy for a provincial critical care and ground transport program date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309482-frawgvk7 author: Cook, T. M. title: Kicking on while it’s still kicking off – getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309590-8p7qp4it author: Anacak, Yavuz title: Changes in radiotherapy practice during COVID–19 outbreak in turkey: a report from the turkish society for radiation oncology date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309478-yhmgopmr author: Jin, Ying-Hui title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309711-x07odyxl author: Pereyra, David title: Routine haematological parameters in COVID-19 prognosis date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309668-5rytk13w author: Alsini, Albaraa Y. title: Tongue reconstruction post partial glossectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case report date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309739-3smgv1ma author: Doyle, Andrew J title: Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309302-n6cd2fc3 author: Wang, Li title: Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310026-j418v75n author: Miller, Jemima H. title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310026-j418v75n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309830-3iztragp author: Zhang, Yang title: Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309830-3iztragp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309418-dx6e0lri author: Segalés, Joaquim title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309716-4wn3lx70 author: Wang, W. title: Thyroid function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309886-j63cpzj2 author: Pacha, Omar title: COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17? date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309823-fwa6mpb9 author: Stergachis, Andy title: Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309864-yzb3si3w author: Smeda, Marta title: Endothelial barrier integrity in COVID-19-dependent hyperinflammation: does the protective facet of platelet function matter? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309799-fhkbcp7z author: Hwang, Yerin title: Diabetes and COVID-19: IDF perspective in the Western Pacific Region date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309728-7vfotgrr author: Johnson, Kristen M. title: Managing COVID‐19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid‐sparing Immunosuppression date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309986-p7pqla6l author: Harkin, Timothy J title: Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309826-xutv2x8p author: Baud, Grégory title: Chirurgie endocrinienne au cours et au décours de l’épidémie de COVID-19: Recommandations de l’AFCE date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh author: Flesia, Luca title: Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309705-el5rembl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309138-44qpk2vf author: Khanna, Kanika title: Herbal Immune-boosters: Substantial Warriors of Pandemic Covid-19 Battle date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307148-k1uo3fxm author: Bradshaw, Patrick C. title: COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309582-ihrj84hr author: AlNaamani, Khalid title: Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309571-a0xu1d56 author: Aboughdir, Maryam title: Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310149-8idvf79g author: Antinori, Spinello title: SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309629-7jtnhn65 author: Thomas, Viju title: International society for gynecologic endoscopy (ISGE) guidelines and recommendations on gynecological endoscopy during the evolutionary phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309377-5pusd2pc author: Tran, Thi Phuong Thao title: Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309946-1j8ewpcf author: Jorge-Pérez, Pablo title: Recomendaciones en reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309333-lvcp8imi author: Fenichel, Eli P title: A cell phone data driven time use analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309809-zvh2k97q author: Knepple Carney, Amy title: Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309733-x4crng5j author: Dhesi, Z. title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310108-glikeowu author: Ghosh, Amerta title: COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310108-glikeowu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309950-nutxlvmm author: Vieira, André title: Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310105-a4fzp6bn author: Kamdar, Hera A. title: Clinician's Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309323-yflng8m3 author: Thomas, T. title: COVID-19 infection results in alterations of the kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism that correlate with IL-6 levels and renal status date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309644-cujlpm4i author: Sola, Augusto title: COVID-19 perinatal en América Latina date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309981-4p3ybrn1 author: Dai, Ling-Ling title: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310073-ncj500af author: Falkingham, J. title: Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemicin the UK date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310073-ncj500af.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308857-otsrexqu author: Goel, Saurav title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310157-gzysuusk author: Piapan, Linda title: COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy) date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309729-nd48uh8e author: Antunes, Adriane E.C. title: Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID- 19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310207-lfub6y5m author: Nanda, Satyan title: Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309987-vvt1x151 author: Camacho-Rivera, Marlene title: Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310190-405m9bco author: Kim, Tark title: Strategical Preparedness and Response Actions in the Healthcare System Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 according to Transmission Scenario in Korea date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310190-405m9bco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310042-9z8rkzq8 author: Aysha, Al‐Ani title: Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author: Sasangohar, Farzan title: Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310084-taaz6mhs author: Fatehi, Poya title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309829-3dlfcy31 author: Parupudi, Tejasvi title: Evidence-based point-of-care technology development during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309931-cpzp33b3 author: Zawawi, Ayat title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310166-gt6icwul author: Yang, Xiang-Hong title: Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19(): Recommendation and consensus date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310123-h7i49pdb author: De Smet, Robert title: Frailty and mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: retrospective observational study date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310184-qth1y88o author: Alunno, Alessia title: Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309970-jkmjiika author: Liu, Qin title: From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310060-ymoxt1zq author: Liu, Fengjun title: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310293-0s7l0l4k author: Salman, Saima title: Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310115-uooszsta author: White, Ross G. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial period of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adults in the UK date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310115-uooszsta.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309930-zlzuoeh2 author: Zhou, Zhiming title: Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310027-846vp7ii author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author: Wei, Wei title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310245-r1fd2kqh author: Lin, Chung-Ying title: Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310348-8iix257c author: Han, Jason J. title: Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees’ Perspective date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310348-8iix257c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310144-s25do8cb author: Lara-Reyna, Jacques title: “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310117-19qsszns author: Huang, Yao title: Clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310117-19qsszns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310534-ng6321hh author: Kaushik, Ashlesha title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management- Correspondence date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310650-8lhkiw9p author: Gamble, Anissa title: The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310288-onr700ue author: Sciubba, Daniel M. title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310288-onr700ue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310159-l9hfmmbc author: Chowdhury, Subhankar title: COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: dealing with the difficult duo date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309769-phi3re5g author: Weissman, Ruth Striegel title: Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19: A survey of researchers in the field date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310594-i0586vfw author: Weemaes, Matthias title: Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309983-lpawbk7s author: Rousan, Liqa A. title: Chest x-ray findings and temporal lung changes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310465-2ahfxd9c author: Martinez, David title: COVID’s Impact on Radiation Oncology: A Latin American Survey Study date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310228-bqpvykce author: Borkowski, A. A. title: Using Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Chest X-ray Diagnosis date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309619-glb2y82u author: Domingo, Pere title: The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310561-67kp743f author: Shah, Akshay title: Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310561-67kp743f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310401-39jjedq0 author: Antwi-Amoabeng, D. title: Sociodemographic predictors of outcomes in COVID-19: examining the impact of ethnic disparities in Northern Nevada date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310457-l3d1dc93 author: Robinson, A. J. title: A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310390-7pkbd3kg author: Han, Xiaoyu title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310507-5h6egve4 author: van Doorn, Amarylle S. title: Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310339-1e16yncy author: Maxam, Meshell title: Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310539-8zk3hkgj author: Barengolts, Elena title: PERSEVERE OR PERIL: DIABETES CARE IN TIMES OF COVID-19 date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310776-4iqu18gi author: Supady, Alexander title: Extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as an alternative to pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310455-asu17dea author: Binkin, Nancy title: Protecting our health care workers while protecting our communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of approaches and early outcomes in two Italian regions, Italy, 2020 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310455-asu17dea.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310740-7dong29x author: Alkeridy, Walid A. title: Reply to: Neurological, Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders During COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-310740-7dong29x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310697-zszexapf author: Morlacco, Alessandro title: The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310697-zszexapf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310540-pnb8sr58 author: Novotny, J. S. title: Association between stress and depressive symptoms and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob author: Röst, Gergely title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310555-nhnhst3f author: Morgan, Randall C. title: On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310165-xj025ruz author: Jones, Rodney P title: Would the United States Have Had Too Few Beds for Universal Emergency Care in the Event of a More Widespread Covid-19 Epidemic? date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310891-yfouizjb author: Korada, Sai Krishna C. title: Management of COVID-19 in a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipient: A Continuity of Care Perspective date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311107-jvoyhv7y author: Genovese, Giovanni title: Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310661-hrvuhkq9 author: Patell, Rushad title: Incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310623-zbjgr9jk author: Ellington, Sascha title: Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310862-53g4hjtp author: DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title: Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310762-3clh1zv6 author: Azanza Ricardo, C. L. title: The Risk of Lifting COVID-19 Confinement in Mexico date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310254-ko1sptzm author: Attri, Bhawna title: Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310961-e1mb7uuh author: Nouvenne, Antonio title: Point-of-care chest ultrasonography as a diagnostic resource for COVID-19 outbreak in nursing homes date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310779-4puiao40 author: Mehta, Pooja title: Telehealth and Nutrition Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310779-4puiao40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310738-fnsf2qqm author: Yalcin Bahat, Pinar title: Micronutrients in COVID-19 Positive Pregnancies date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310996-ihs9xbv8 author: Stang, Andreas title: Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310803-iig414jg author: Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin title: Applying Computer Simulations in Battling with COVID-19, using pre-analyzed molecular and chemical data to face the pandemic date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310803-iig414jg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310895-zkzew0kb author: Periyakaruppan, Muthiah title: COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as ‘Acute Abdomen’ in a Child date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310691-6danlh8h author: Ma, Simin title: Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310857-i9v9antx author: Blaisdell, Laura L. title: Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission — Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June–August 2020 date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311085-jmuyi53x author: Saqlain, Muhammad title: Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310605-r63sg73c author: Dorward, D. A. title: Tissue-specific tolerance in fatal Covid-19 date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310998-zchtu6cm author: Kalash, Danny A. title: How COVID-19 Deepens Child Oral Health Inequities date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311081-fsnthvrq author: García, Laura Fernández title: RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310405-7fah22nu author: Mathur, Sachin title: Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310997-ulgemn42 author: Swai, Joel title: Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310868-rqmny4r2 author: Tesfaye, Wubshet title: How Do We Combat Bogus Medicines in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310902-cfci8lef author: Freites Nuñez, Dalifer D title: Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310809-z0isuuui author: Simpson, Alexander I. F. title: Management of COVID-19 Response in a Secure Forensic Mental Health Setting date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311284-5nxh7ybe author: Kumar, U. title: COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases: A random cross-sectional telephonic survey date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311171-5n1aqrpa author: Ovejero, Santiago title: Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310999-6xef9z2w author: Chen, Yiting title: In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311043-nidu7om2 author: Erdinc, Burak title: Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleed Coincided With Massive Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310974-hz37yf39 author: Crolley, Valerie E. title: COVID-19 in cancer patients on systemic anti-cancer therapies: outcomes from the CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) cohort study date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311054-dwns5l64 author: Rafiq, Danish title: Evaluation and prediction of COVID-19 in India: a case study of worst hit states date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311327-50s8sja3 author: Toh, Vi Vien title: Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311082-sspcz9t6 author: Chen, Shi title: Four Challenges Associated With Current Mathematical Modeling Paradigm of Infectious Diseases and Call for a Shift date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310753-sv88b0dt author: Marks, M. title: Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310315-w4rgjsbl author: Belhadi, Amine title: Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310304-f28tjmi8 author: Alcendor, Donald J. title: Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311505-akcc9oms author: Geisen, Will R. title: Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis secondary to experimental COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311086-i4e0rdxp author: Adekola, Hafeez Aderinsayo title: Mathematical modeling for infectious viral disease: The COVID‐19 perspective date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311030-k42iqh40 author: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte L title: Limiting operations for acute appendicitis in children: lessons learned from the U.S. epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310901-oooat8xj author: Arca, Karissa N. title: COVID‐19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311376-mah8j8bj author: Liang, Xiaopeng title: Is COVID-19 more severe in older men? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311129-5p9mf37g author: Yang, Dong title: COVID-19 & Chronic Renal Disease: Clinical characteristics & prognosis date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311413-uiwjrvru author: Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina title: COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author: Peck, Jessica L. title: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311431-5pi3bzli author: Korobelnik, Jean-François title: Response to letter: COVID-19 and macular edema—a necessary blindness? date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author: Alviset, Sophie title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311215-x3b7ewo2 author: Chao, Tiffany N. title: Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311207-qkkn0297 author: Pegoraro, Manuela title: Evaluation of three immunochromatographic tests in COVID-19 serologic diagnosis and their clinical usefulness date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311448-t17g47dj author: Brian, Zachary title: Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311588-ocz2rzy7 author: Gilligan, Jeffrey title: Collateral Damage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311353-ozqfsuh8 author: Sun, Chun-Yang title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author: Alser, O. title: Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311316-j79nmq0j author: Tony, Abeer Abdelhady title: COVID-19-associated sleep disorders: A case report date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311342-523zrpbl author: Shipe, Maren E. title: Modeling the Impact of Delaying the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311620-zs2mpeke author: Handa, Rahul title: Covid-19-associated acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalomyelitis date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311044-kjx0z1hc author: Rubio-Pérez, Inés title: COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311453-l6quzef6 author: Klopfenstein, Timothée title: Impact of Tocilizumab on mortality and/or invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in a cohort of 206 COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311029-x0lk4110 author: Palermo, Sara title: Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311552-n16pdrc4 author: Bäuerle, Alexander title: Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311535-ppkwd1kp author: Korakas, Emmanouil title: Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311579-4jhoatkw author: Bhatt, Harshil title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a case report and review of the literature date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311636-8l7jlvvj author: Oikonomou, Evangelos title: Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311580-dzlh5obt author: Snapiri, Ori title: Delayed diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310769-y6orh217 author: Zaman, A. title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310769-y6orh217.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311545-3rll9mca author: Bentley, Gillian R title: Don't blame the BAME: Ethnic and structural inequalities in susceptibilities to COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311559-vkb7a4cm author: Kanwugu, Osman N. title: HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311341-7ox30d2u author: Goenka, Anuj title: Implementation of Telehealth in Radiation Oncology: Rapid Integration During COVID-19 and its Future Role in our Practice date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311633-i9ret7bw author: Péré, Hélène title: Unexpected diagnosis of COVID-19-associated disorders by SARS-CoV-2-specific serology date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311495-svgw59ic author: Ayati, Nayyereh title: Short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311026-mpr3xb2a author: Petersen, Eskild title: COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311222-vw4b9xmg author: Haydar, Ali title: Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311523-erntrh3p author: Gisondi, P title: Dermatologists and SARS‐CoV‐2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311155-8cvj4wdp author: Maideen, Naina Mohamed Pakkir title: Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) – Potential herb for COVID-19? date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311544-7ihtyiox author: Sun, Tingzhe title: Modeling COVID-19 Epidemic in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311819-iy8r1iml author: Peretti-Watel, Patrick title: Anxiety, depression and sleep problems: a second wave of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311635-hf6vrbyx author: Reuken, Philipp Alexander title: Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311816-j8c2lk7y author: D’Elia, Emilia title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where are we and Where are we Going? Intersections Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Heart date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311853-k6efd9vg author: Lim, Rachel HF title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311201-y0lk9zet author: Serrano, Francisco title: The future of airport post COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310636-y7n22ykt author: Garcia-Beltran, W. F. title: COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311871-13n4st4q author: Blaivas, Michael title: Unexpected finding of myocardial depression in 2 healthy young patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia: possible support for COVID‐19‐related myocarditis date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311195-oee19duz author: Gostic, Katelyn title: Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-02-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311195-oee19duz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312029-xsojdbdk author: Sham, Lauren title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311651-v2ff33jd author: Long, Nathaniel title: Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311682-npi03i7q author: Malicki, J title: Impact of COVID-19 on the performance of a radiation oncology department at a major comprehensive cancer centre in Poland during the first ten weeks of the epidemic date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311758-wof4yi39 author: Clauw, Daniel J. title: Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311477-gm0vg53l author: Doboszewska, Urszula title: Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312057-4zfaqkxm author: Leppla, Idris E. title: Optimizing Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311752-stqrf50k author: Akbariqomi, Mostafa title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311970-o9xao5rl author: Ayerbe, Luis title: The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311872-09jzyyin author: Effenberger, Maria title: Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311926-n7co0jtu author: Donà, Daniele title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective of an Italian Tertiary Care Pediatric Center date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311838-ymn96yj4 author: LIU)刘茜玮(, Qianwei title: Analysis of the Influence of the Psychology Changes of Fear Induced by the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Body date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311673-z4hkw17g author: Uzzan, Mathieu title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics - lung axis hypothesis date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311749-yp313biv author: Chalmers, James D. title: Rewiring the Immune Response in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311749-yp313biv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312036-5867bc6i author: Decker, Annegrit title: Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding and mild course of COVID‐19 in a patient after recent heart transplantation date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312313-guphuppy author: Patel, Zara M title: Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312313-guphuppy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312356-95yyi0jb author: Hernández-Huerta, Daniel title: The impact of COVID-19 on Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312340-hpuoren5 author: Holstein, Sarah A. title: Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID‐19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312519-31mrmgmk author: Dauerman, Harold L. title: The Unbearable Thrombus of COVID-19: Primary PCI, Thrombus, and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311694-2b2swi0l author: Grima, Simon title: A Country Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement Model date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312192-hxhohtmj author: Zhu, Lan title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312278-rin733w4 author: Wang, Yung‐Chih title: Current diagnostic tools for coronaviruses–From laboratory diagnosis to POC diagnosis for COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312278-rin733w4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311730-189vax2m author: Becker, Richard C. title: Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311730-189vax2m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312484-epbhdx55 author: Wang, Hongliang title: COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312137-u260m04t author: Morrison, Daniel R. title: Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312137-u260m04t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312398-teu3tdbq author: Pocard, Marc title: A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified? date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312218-qtxh4ttp author: Chakraborty, Jayajit title: Social Inequities in the Distribution of COVID-19: An Intra-Categorical Analysis of People with Disabilities in the U.S. date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312002-4qhvljpv author: Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin title: COVID-19 pandemic and Farr’s law: A global comparison and prediction of outbreak acceleration and deceleration rates date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312205-j8szwaqj author: Giuntoli, Michele title: Lessons learnt from COVID 19: An Italian multicentric epidemiological study of orthopaedic and trauma services date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311679-m6poosn3 author: Santos, Glenn-Milo title: Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312194-1jiaghrb author: Brondani, M. title: The HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Parallel in Dentistry from the Perspectives of the Oral Health Care Team date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311889-fntwg3g8 author: Alizadehsani, R. title: Risk Factors Prediction, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312558-w2vjuidm author: Gambardella, J. title: Exosomal microRNAs Drive Thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312374-gu9tq48n author: Martin Arranz, Eduardo title: Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312172-bkygtdeo author: Malhotra, Atul title: ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312183-zkoj5d8c author: Frydman, Galit H. title: Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311125-v9ddes3c author: Cooper, Keiland W. title: COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312251-t6omrr07 author: Vancheri, Sergio Giuseppe title: Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: time-dependence after the onset of symptoms date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311942-oju4gosw author: Grewal, Parneet title: Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: Experience From a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Midwest US date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312499-gd2wgti3 author: Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima title: The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312721-e6532xrl author: Ruck, D. J. title: Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312362-i18rlo2r author: Yan, Linlin title: The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312114-lcyv211y author: Graichen, Heiko title: The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic–a German perspective date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312252-4l3ok44o author: Elbeddini, Ali title: Barriers to conducting deprescribing in the elderly population amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312185-ojdrzskl author: Zhao, Dahai title: Evidence-Based Framework and Implementation of China’s Strategy in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312609-gv1khfmo author: Fatima, Nida title: Impact of COVID-19 on neurological manifestations: an overview of stroke presentation in pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312623-ktswh3fu author: Werthman-Ehrenreich, Amanda title: Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312178-tojgojjf author: Segars, James title: Prior and Novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19, and Human Reproduction: What Is Known? date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312722-talu4geh author: Ahmed, Nausheen title: COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312722-talu4geh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311965-3x3tjzhi author: Alexander, Jan title: Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312388-pc89ybxw author: Singhania, Namrata title: Current Overview on Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312360-ynemtqua author: Zhao, Ruxing title: Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312399-7oaerpee author: Park, Joo-Hyun title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311848-8n9ee57a author: Giesen, Nicola title: Evidence-based Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients – Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312518-510gmyb4 author: Bersanelli, Melissa title: Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311669-112kxj5s author: Imdad, Kashif title: A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint in India date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312467-kbhljong author: Boilève, Alice title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312467-kbhljong.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312559-ygh507x2 author: Fiesco-Sepulveda, K. Y. title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312094-czuw4t7i author: Radic, Aleksandar title: Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312777-5925lvue author: Pan, Feng title: Different computed tomography patterns of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) between survivors and non-survivors date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312777-5925lvue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312784-ykko0al5 author: Takian, Amirhossein title: COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312835-a60bkohc author: Kohli, Utkarsh title: Fulminant myocarditis and atrial fibrillation in child with acute COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312905-8xlt92pl author: Li, Guanjian title: Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312684-3i2r2ahr author: Iba, Toshiaki title: Coagulopathy in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312477-2y88gzji author: Mlcochova, P. title: Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312702-fruzsn26 author: Finch, Courtney L. title: Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312849-vgzvpwz9 author: Eckbo, Eric J. title: Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312293-2h37qxcg author: Kennelly, Brendan title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312434-yx24golq author: Deng, Ziqin title: Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Human Coronaviruses: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312434-yx24golq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312305-ll29frwc author: Sun, Shihui title: Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312795-0e4esl2o author: Puig-Domingo, M. title: COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312798-2cbgnv1h author: Varma, Niraj title: HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312754-3yhxcfr2 author: Allen, Bradley D. title: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for re-activation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance practice after peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311847-2czqs84q author: Pennisi, Manuela title: SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312748-9v2bmbod author: Guo, Zhen title: Anticoagulation Management in Severe COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312759-py2d4rjq author: Thiaw, Ibrahima title: Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312632-g4250q6l author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313272-lkzo10r5 author: Bellini, Carlo title: Neonatal Transport and COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312619-7jpf81yz author: Ilyas, Sadia title: Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312801-tllj77up author: Giovannoni, Gavin title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312801-tllj77up.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312969-r8vt2i2z author: Temgoua, Mazou Ngou title: COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312986-nz8uc7sl author: Abou-Abbas, Linda title: Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312038-g76cpjp7 author: Brunaugh, Ashlee D. title: Broad-Spectrum, Patient-Adaptable Inhaled Niclosamide-Lysozyme Particles are Efficacious Against Coronaviruses in Lethal Murine Infection Models date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312926-j9jybblr author: Dong, W. title: Early Awake Prone and Lateral Position in Non-intubated Severe and Critical Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan: A Respective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312826-4m54ve8v author: HOERTEL, N. title: Observational Study of Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312366-8qg1fn8f author: Adiga, Aniruddha title: Mathematical Models for COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313382-prxc0lue author: Hossein Norooznezhad, Amir title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312812-3ghm9qy0 author: Ziadé, Nelly title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatology practice: a cross-sectional multinational study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312677-rwznqiib author: Razmi, Mahdieh title: Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312730-4ejjmab4 author: Wong, Rebecca S. Y. title: The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: an Epidemiological and Clinical Perspective date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312918-iof45k1r author: Ortolani, Claudio title: Hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone in COVID-19: who won and who lost? date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312861-6ayidmj3 author: Rayner, Craig R. title: Accelerating Clinical Evaluation of Repurposed Combination Therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312678-81gnmxbk author: Elayeh, Eman title: Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313082-n3bo9jw1 author: Tenenbein, Paul title: The case for routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313286-nqvuas3p author: Afshar Jahanshahi, A. title: The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic - More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313084-l7odplqg author: Sampson, Victoria title: Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312885-d4ku8dyz author: Wang, W. title: Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313151-coqbcrwc author: Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu title: Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312847-2cg3ylfl author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: assessment of a critically ill patient date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313215-diqfmitr author: Luo, Lei title: Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313390-zeo0ud75 author: Masiero, Stefano title: Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? A challenge for the future date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312864-km07zhn1 author: Potalivo, A. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313313-twct29aq author: Carbonell, Ana Piera title: Trombosis y covid-19: atención primaria clave en el abordaje interdisciplinar date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313313-twct29aq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312960-i3l8lh4e author: Almeshari, M. A. title: Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313503-wvgwf9n3 author: D’Amico, Randy S. title: Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 - The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313148-dps5dyhr author: Nkhata, Smith G. title: SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313117-0qur0isb author: Gardinassi, Luiz G. title: Immune and Metabolic Signatures of COVID-19 Revealed by Transcriptomics Data Reuse date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313275-znrvkmee author: Bwire, G. M. title: A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313157-wzz3dasn author: Rodríguez-Chagolla, José M. title: Peritoneal Dialysis Is an Option for Acute Kidney Injury Management in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313353-uwwih8v3 author: Di Tano, Giuseppe title: Late Pulmonary Embolism after COVID-19 Pneumonia despite Adequate Rivaroxaban Treatment date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313489-i969aqn9 author: Galbadage, Thushara title: Does COVID-19 Spread Through Droplets Alone? date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313282-z5cues67 author: Schaefer, Inga-Marie title: In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313282-z5cues67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313659-jutdl9qu author: Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh title: Reply to Does asthma affect outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infections? date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313480-268xf8i9 author: Ransing, Ramdas title: Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313239-0gl43af5 author: Moreno, Courtney C. title: CT colonography’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a safe(r), socially distanced total colon examination date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313543-ad3c0hve author: Amram, Ofer title: Development of a vulnerability index for diagnosis with the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in Washington State, USA date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313386-t2p9txlt author: Naito, Yuji title: Association between selective IgA deficiency and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313518-8a6y1qsf author: Abdul-Baki, Mohammad-Nasan title: The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313528-rp15vi1o author: Wallace, Douglas W. title: An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313356-ninzeazy author: Fiorillo, Luca title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313402-f3indt3b author: Hong, X.-w. title: Analysis of early renal injury in COVID-19 and diagnostic value of multi-index combined detection date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312618-rxg7sjd9 author: Allcott, Hunt title: Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313267-dc8z4jzo author: Daneshkhah, Ali title: The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313268-j51zyodw author: Zeng, Xiangxiang title: Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313392-a5ynzx70 author: Liu, Ze-Ming title: Association of procalcitonin levels with the progression and prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313415-5qrpucr4 author: Lai, Rongtao title: Sentinel surveillance strategies for early detection of coronavirus disease in fever clinics: experience from China date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312884-anlp8lab author: Iyer, Gayatri R. title: Infectivity and Progression of COVID-19 Based on Selected Host Candidate Gene Variants date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313537-920tgv1j author: Carbonell, Ana Piera title: Covid-19 y tromboprofilaxis: recomendaciones para nuestra práctica clínica en atención primaria date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313237-ai39ny9y author: Abdullah, Jafri Malin title: A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313937-uxz9uedr author: Qiu, Jian-Yin title: Mental Wellness system for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313916-i9af6rgx author: Kuhn, Andrew W. title: To “Heed the Call” Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313836-mcm0xmzw author: Di Micco, Pierpaolo title: Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313468-lloh1b0y author: Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando title: COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313700-enivzp1f author: Lio, Chon Fu title: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314002-zm02k9bw author: Ayanian, Shant title: The association between biomarkers and clinical outcomes in novel coronavirus pneumonia in a US cohort date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314085-y59a27oy author: Nash, David B. title: New Normal for Medical Practice Post COVID-19? date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313728-08kwkbmd author: Binda, Barbara title: Follow-up and Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients During the COVID-19 Lockdown: the experience of an Italian Transplant Center, Including Two Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313785-8tipkksu author: d'Ettorre, Gabriella title: Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313494-a4pms2ub author: Sampedro, Ana Diez title: COVID-19 and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs): Frontline update #1 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313829-pjscmen8 author: Caballero, A.E. title: COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314113-m46j1379 author: Arias, Jose title: COVID-19 effect on herding behaviour in European Capital Markets date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314113-m46j1379.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313976-q5j5kr1v author: Alaarag, Ahmed title: Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with STEMI and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19: an experience of Tanta University Hospital date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313427-6y4zvrmn author: Mani, Nandita S title: Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313992-ogdqq3dl author: Kortuem, S. O. title: Corona-Independent Excess Mortality Due to Reduced Use of Emergency Medical Care in the Corona Pandemic: A Population-Based Observational Study date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313947-2u77y1gx author: Gelardi, Matteo title: COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies? date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312486-rumqopg0 author: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313387-xwb0iphy author: Meleo-Erwin, Zoë title: Online Support Information for Students with Disabilities in Colleges and Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313984-7wvfnag1 author: Remy, Kenneth E title: Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313355-166b6fep author: Zhang, Xiao-Jing title: In-hospital Use of Statins is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313355-166b6fep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313682-t3zhqrs9 author: Zhang, Xiaomeng title: Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313894-stgx36h5 author: Ürün, Yüksel title: Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314013-g091lv0s author: Belladonna, Maria Laura title: Potential Benefits of Tryptophan Metabolism to the Efficacy of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314006-fz1ckclm author: Taylor, C. Barr title: Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID‐19 crisis as a catalyst for change date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313989-bc7q8swu author: Nicholls, Stephen J. title: Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) # date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314229-9k2dd95b author: Spaccaferri, G. title: Cas groupés d’infections au nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) aux Contamines-Montjoie, Haute-Savoie, janvier–février 2020 date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313071-9nm460b0 author: Xu, M. title: Accurately Differentiating COVID-19, Other Viral Infection, and Healthy Individuals Using Multimodal Features via Late Fusion Learning date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314320-juf6cx14 author: Montazeri, Ali title: Some ethical concerns related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313713-70ykst44 author: Pratap Singh, Ravi title: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for orthopaedic in COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313713-70ykst44.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313294-ffgo56gl author: Bertsimas, D. title: Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314121-ez62fx9p author: de Chaisemartin, C. title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden. date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313716-pw0odm88 author: Moccia, Lorenzo title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314174-7axpgwva author: Lang, Min title: Operational challenges of a low-dose CT lung cancer screening program during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314280-kf2bo06e author: Brissot, Eolia title: Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313980-jutof78v author: van de Veerdonk, F. L. title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313980-jutof78v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314081-6y5ibktt author: Lorente, Leonardo title: Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314404-tkhupnko author: Ashokka, Balakrishnan title: Care of the Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency cesarean delivery, Differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, Care of the newborn, and Protection of the healthcare personnel date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314378-cs9ggqwk author: Singh, Prateush title: The Effects of a Novel Global Pandemic (COVID-19) on a Plastic Surgery Department date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author: Bradshaw, Ralph A. title: On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314347-4dsg2sxd author: Brondino, Natascia title: Effective Strategies for Managing COVID-19 Emergency Restrictions for Adults with Severe ASD in a Daycare Center in Italy date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312955-gs65c3fy author: Schreiber, Gideon title: The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314468-9anuq5bt author: Billig, Jessica I. title: The Compounding Access Problem for Surgical Care: Innovations in the Post-COVID Era date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314817-8ybegozg author: Patel, Priya title: Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314343-u8u7nq44 author: Sinclair, A.J. title: Age, frailty and diabetes – triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314014-d9jwy5b6 author: Duan, Hongxia title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313887-8sabsrgy author: Quandt, Sara A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic among Latinx Farmworker and Nonfarmworker Families in North Carolina: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314349-rhm1ii3d author: Kraft, Miquel title: Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314657-mqoqhr33 author: Mahmud, Nadim title: Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314426-vwqjspfu author: Tang, Yuanji title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Brazil: using a mathematical model to estimate the outbreak peak and temporal evolution date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314152-wd153s1g author: Noor, Farha Musharrat title: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314893-6zepsday author: Ho, Quan Yao title: Evaluating Potential Deceased Donor Renal Transplant Recipients for Asymptomatic COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314893-6zepsday.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314197-om3pggwa author: Altmayer, Stephan title: Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314874-6ey87o16 author: Palomar-Ciria, Nora title: COMMENTARY TO “SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM”, AN UPDATE date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314272-ey2onl0j author: Zhang, H. title: A Web-based, Mobile Responsive Application to Screen Healthcare Workers for COVID Symptoms: Descriptive Study date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314767-iyvsxfsa author: Held, Michael B. title: Response to letter to the editor on “Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.” date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314109-wb45naw2 author: Maiese, Kenneth title: The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314829-tmgmqtjq author: Scohy, Anaïs title: Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314070-8qz23nn4 author: Gubbi, Sriram title: Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314810-ny4mnzqc author: Provenzi, Livio title: The Little Professor and the Virus: Scaffolding Children’s Meaning Making During the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314796-bek92zs9 author: Hartung, Hans-Peter title: COVID-19 and management of neuroimmunological disorders date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314921-u74jut63 author: LeVine, Shankar title: Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314921-u74jut63.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314690-jc6cx76a author: Guha, Avirup title: Community and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with COVID-19 in the United States: Zip code level cross sectional analysis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314135-udce22id author: Geisslinger, Franz title: Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19–and Vice Versa? date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314135-udce22id.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314135-udce22id.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314135-udce22id.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314218-6znw9zcz author: Baron, D. M. title: Patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic: a narrative review date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315006-w2wsaan5 author: Abdoli, Amir title: Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314512-60dk9zma author: Lorente, Leonardo title: Altas Concentraciones Séricas De Nitratos En Pacientes COVID-19 Fallecidos date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314614-rr0zckrv author: Huang, Jing title: Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314711-c6rqv4zd author: Pan, Jinhua title: Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314884-110nqkej author: Lansiaux, Édouard title: Covid-19 And Vit-D: Disease Mortality Negatively Correlates With Sunlight Exposure date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314884-110nqkej.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314660-ftcrf6c2 author: Altamimi, H. title: The Outcome of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314889-lo3kkrfp author: Magrini, Stefano Maria title: Letter to the editor regarding “lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable” date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314843-vw8a1994 author: Marijon, Eloi title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314736-jqgyln7b author: George, Ciju K. title: Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 Pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314423-6kuefmol author: Experton, B. title: A Multi-Factor Risk Model for Severe Covid-19 for Vaccine Prioritization and Monitoring Based on a 15 Million Medicare Cohort date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315159-c9n8cro3 author: Soni, Vivek Kumar title: Fight COVID-19 depression with immunity booster: Curcumin for psychoneuroimmunomodulation date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314849-owqq0lev author: Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D. title: Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315246-b477kabe author: Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn? date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315246-b477kabe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315166-ga6e3lqp author: Isoletta, Eugenio title: Emergency accesses in Dermatology Department during the Covid‐19 pandemic in a referral third level center in the north of Italy date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315129-p31vm79o author: Bock, Jens-Ole title: Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315001-1ui27pkc author: Peterson, Nicholas title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315287-vut5ayc2 author: Otto, Catherine M title: Heartbeat: Heart disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315176-xafk1flg author: Sang, Hao title: A familial cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by one family member during his asymptomatic incubation period date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315152-v3l33up6 author: Figlerowicz, Magdalena title: First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314826-usfvulc2 author: Sharifipour, Ehsan title: Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314171-431buxxr author: Dariya, Begum title: Understanding novel COVID-19: its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314171-431buxxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author: Ge, Huipeng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315116-u7btx7nt author: Cabrera-Tasayco, Fiorella del Pilar title: Biosafety Measures at the Dental Office After the Appearance of COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314837-5nnlyavp author: Verhagen, Mark D. title: Forecasting spatial, socioeconomic and demographic variation in COVID-19 health care demand in England and Wales date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313684-61hkogdh author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315209-xpzqd0wk author: Kabamba Nzaji, Michel title: Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author: Escher, Felicitas title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315321-kax4gqhc author: Laplana, M. title: Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315457-w1nx9g91 author: Siedner, Mark J title: Desperate times call for temperate measures: practicing infectious diseases during a novel pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315056-ohyb6oa0 author: Xu, Juanjuan title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315424-i3nnennw author: Willer, Brittany L. title: The otolaryngologist’s and anesthesiologist’s collaborative role in a pandemic: a large quaternary pediatric center’s experience with COVID-19 preparation and simulation date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315278-iv2zj67t author: Moazzam, Zorays title: Intussusception in an infant as a manifestation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314948-7tnrfk24 author: Borrás, A title: Pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 y reproducción asistida date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314466-6j4vuqer author: Kim, A. S. title: Transformed time series analysis of first-wave COVID-19: universal similarities found in the Group of Twenty (G20) Countries date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315569-e56c5g8h author: Aminian, Ali title: Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314211-tv1nhojk author: Eltoukhy, Abdelrahman E. E. title: Data Analytics for Predicting COVID-19 Cases in Top Affected Countries: Observations and Recommendations date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315297-o8mwmjql author: Stephens, Elizabeth H. title: COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315414-aipfn5hi author: Antonio, Silverii Giovanni title: Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315367-e0frkhe6 author: Du, Houwei title: The effect of vascular risk factor burden on the severity of COVID-19 illness, a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315308-gk768lwy author: Gaughan, C. title: Religious affiliation and the risk of COVID 19 related mortality; a retrospective analysis of variation in pre and post lockdown risk by religious group in England and Wales. date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314719-qi8gilkr author: Dawson, David L. title: COVID-19: Psychological Flexibility, Coping, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315556-84rgd2s9 author: Pilotto, A. title: Steroid-responsive severe encephalopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315465-u3zq9k5j author: de Jesus, Myrela Conceição Santos title: Family COVID-19 cluster analysis of an infant without respiratory symptoms date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315358-22srds0e author: Kovacs, George title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315358-22srds0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315519-f4vwix3q author: Antony, Suresh J. title: Early Use of Tocilizumab in Respiratory Failure Associated with Acute COVID -19 Pneumonia in Recipients with Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315188-a9pvugjt author: Choi, Min Hyuk title: Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315247-86ibo5gn author: Ćosić, Krešimir title: Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315440-he7sm7nj author: Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse title: Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315411-11mq8wll author: Rahman, Mohammad Azizur title: Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315157-2p45frlk author: Donell, Simon T. title: Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315486-pjb5v1tc author: Wu, Xiaojun title: Different Laboratory Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315585-bjij8ds7 author: Wee, Liang En title: Respiratory surveillance wards as a strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 through early detection: The experience of a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315772-jt3vjsqe author: Kivi, Marie title: Up and about: Older adults’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish longitudinal study date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315609-naqo1m0r author: Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title: Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315930-1vgb2mk0 author: Andrianopoulos, Ioannis title: Tocilizumab's efficacy in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is determined by the presence of cytokine storm date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315849-e16lln3f author: Takayama, Kazuo title: In vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 research date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315453-mbv8vb2r author: Jean, Shio-Shin title: Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj author: Ribeiro, Haroldo V. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315587-jelh8o3v author: Dye, C. title: The scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics across Europe date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315508-8bcpxo02 author: Sperotto, Francesca title: Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315952-gh002ldb author: Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh title: Iranian Emotional Experience and Expression During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315058-t7bq4yqw author: Brand, Samuel P C title: Forecasting the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315574-jq1p5t8w author: Copland, Michael title: Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315961-rnzy0wlr author: Fang, Nancy Z. title: A hospital-based COVID-19 abortion case in the early phase of the pandemic() date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314942-eym2rh8v author: El Tabaa, Manar Mohammed title: New putative insights into neprilysin (NEP)-dependent pharmacotherapeutic role of roflumilast in treating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315428-uiezqa4p author: Tessler, Hannah title: The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316006-t080mykk author: Kong, Dechuan title: Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316006-t080mykk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315959-glaaaqbt author: Santos Leite Pessoa, Mariana title: Multisystemic Infarctions in COVID-19: Focus on the Spleen date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315864-zadogqiu author: Davido, Benjamin title: nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315920-9p6ar3cr author: Quigley, Denise D. title: COVID‐19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315498-gpzee1f2 author: Parkinson, N. title: Systematic review and meta-analysis identifies potential host therapeutic targets in COVID-19. date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315693-w60craan author: del Pilar Estevez-Diz, Maria title: Management of cervical cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenge for developing countries date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315693-w60craan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315693-w60craan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315693-w60craan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315303-cxu5pt5r author: van Gerwen, Maaike title: Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316197-r2ctm5sl author: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title: An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice- -Part 1 date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author: Wang, Yu title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315310-j739aqso author: Farhoudian, A. title: A global survey on changes in the supply, price and use of illicit drugs and alcohol, and related complications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315310-j739aqso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316058-eh4m5jqz author: Long, Li title: Short-term Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Risk Factors for Progression date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315181-emf4i6ir author: Ryoo, Nayoung title: Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316135-kevyw19w author: Nikoupour, Hamed title: Pediatric liver transplantation and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315634-fkm6slkc author: Jouffroy, Romain title: Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316080-y6ypbdtu author: Fajnzylber, J. M. title: SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315624-57kzulqv author: Storopoli, Jose title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315576-bgcqkz0p author: Yamamoto, Naoki title: Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316345-a1cirnya author: Comas, Carmina title: COVID‐19 and pregnancy: An opportunity to correct an historic gender bias date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315756-g6g34uvh author: Danchin, A. title: Immunity after COVID-19: protection or sensitization ? date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316065-fn64o0id author: Kotian, Rahul P title: Knowledge and understanding among medical imaging professionals in India during the rapid rise of the covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315735-0a49okho author: Matrajt, Laura title: Evaluating the effectiveness of social distancing interventions against COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315735-0a49okho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316209-juvmabdq author: Rutayisire, Erigene title: What works and what does not work in response to COVID-19 prevention and control in Africa date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314733-fyximykl author: Butu, Alina title: The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314733-fyximykl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316422-wmkv5hd3 author: Eisenberg, Matthew D. title: Financial Risk for COVID-19-like Respiratory Hospitalizations in Consumer-Directed Health Plans date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315149-71bmj5il author: Caballero Bermejo, Antonio F. title: Sarilumab versus standard of care for the early treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients: SARTRE: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315696-43wmazxa author: Marinaki, Smaragdi title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients’ Lives and Allografts date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316501-fl2wvhia author: Noh, Ji Yun title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315656-asvf4roo author: Wu, Junjiao title: Revisiting the Immune Balance Theory: A Neurological Insight Into the Epidemic of COVID-19 and Its Alike date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315970-m5o962yw author: Di Ciaula, Agostino title: COVID‐19, internists and resilience: the north‐south Italy outbreak. date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316029-z708c3ex author: Brunsdon, Priya title: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316117-o29773cz author: Menzella, Francesco title: Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316117-o29773cz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316100-15zj660u author: Issitt, R. title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in children at a specialist centre: outcome and implications of underlying high-risk comorbidities in a paediatric population date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316100-15zj660u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315462-u2dj79yw author: Hewitt, Judith A. title: ACTIVating Resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic: In vivo Models for Vaccines and Therapeutics date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315685-ute3dxwu author: Ehaideb, Salleh N. title: Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316579-p6pz14eo author: Seheult, Jansen N. title: Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316325-uqrlza4k author: Jardim, L. title: The effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 and its relationship with social distancing date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316137-6zdxfv8v author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316095-jzyb4jn5 author: Falahchai, Mehran title: Dental care management during the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316067-mlcczr8c author: Ng, Jia H. title: Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316402-6u1czbfe author: Knowles, Kelly A. title: Anxiety and Safety Behavior Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Prospective Role of Contamination Fear date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316327-0hpthrjo author: Brar, Branden title: A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author: Wiley, Lindsay F title: Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316395-o9nblj5i author: Pizzini, Alex title: Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316370-t802kjpk author: Szperka, Christina L. title: Migraine Care in the Era of COVID‐19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316654-tihbi0ak author: Tosti, G. title: Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316118-ph582weg author: Frajkova, Zofia title: Postintubation Dysphagia During COVID-19 Outbreak-Contemporary Review date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316118-ph582weg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316186-254z62e4 author: Kario, Kazuomi title: COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316186-254z62e4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316450-iw35sorz author: Gunjawate, Dhanshree R. title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316631-um0olqet author: Park, Kyung Chan title: Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316631-um0olqet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316588-8els3rzj author: Habib, Mhd Baraa title: Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316617-8cqxz3wi author: Ward, Michael P. title: SARS‐CoV‐2, where to now? date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315886-f4ofmdcm author: Karim, A. title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316047-d9cpe9yl author: Gonzalez, T. title: Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316376-76beuk0c author: Medeiros, Augusto Kreling title: Higher frequency of hepatic steatosis at CT among COVID-19-positive patients date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316632-rr9f88oi author: Kimura, Yurika title: Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316543-1tb2tkis author: Urooj, Uzma title: Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316485-t6xfjqkb author: Cohn-Schwartz, Ella title: Societal views of older adults as vulnerable and a burden to society during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from an Israeli nationally representative sample date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316906-0x3j41ae author: Woznitza, N. title: COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316837-xwc9d5sy author: Morgan, Catrin title: Should I use steroid injections to treat shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316572-7ei96rrn author: Touska, P title: The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316764-ps89rxuy author: Liu, Zheng title: At the center of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery in China date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317002-jcjenti0 author: Francesco, Garaci title: Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316743-q6gbxghx author: Madhu, S. V. title: Post COVID-19 diabetes care—lessons and challenges date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author: Murphy, D. L. title: Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317126-j3o9cfkv author: Wang, Jigang title: Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316440-xt9tl7td author: Severo, Eliana Andrea title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316923-b81uaooh author: Luks, Andrew M. title: Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316712-1ngcwdln author: Laxminarayan, Ramanan title: India’s Battle against COVID-19: Progress and Challenges date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316842-mnt12ot2 author: Medline, MPH title: Evaluating the Efficacy of Stay-At-Home Orders: Does Timing Matter? date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author: Talaie, Haleh title: Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316484-2s8w7r4v author: Arias-Reyes, C. title: Decreased incidence, virus transmission capacity, and severity of COVID-19 at altitude on the American continent date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317062-nn0u82dp author: Jenkins, Aaron title: Nested ecology and emergence in pandemics date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316702-dj2fo8sn author: Vignesh, Ramachandran title: Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining? date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316692-r04cqr8e author: Seo, Yoshihiro title: Review of the efforts of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the initial outbreak in Japan date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316354-pix0hmpj author: Kennedy, Nicholas A title: Organisational changes and challenges for inflammatory bowel disease services in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316987-3nhqx2qn author: London, Viktoriya title: Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315991-uecdbanf author: Hughes, David title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316666-qif1k62t author: Ghati, Nirmal title: Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317080-kn56oov6 author: Quadri, Sayed. A. title: COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316260-1t3ifsfi author: Nogueira-de-Almeida, Carlos Alberto title: COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A clinical review()() date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317357-l2y2onmn author: Talarico, Valentina title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria Region date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316522-fbw9x3ik author: Reiss, Allison B. title: A Telemedicine Approach to Covid-19 Assessment and Triage date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316690-s8jtv4an author: Xiong, Huan title: The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316157-7nci4q1q author: Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title: Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316878-zemaygnt author: Johnson, Stephanie B. title: Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316363-7eh9k442 author: Adams, Scott J title: Telerobotic ultrasound to provide obstetrical ultrasound services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316705-3wzurnfp author: Lalmuanawma, Samuel title: Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317429-pp6hb4q5 author: Aslam, Saima title: COVID-19: Yet another coronavirus challenge in transplantation date: 2020-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316928-ivwz7jxi author: Anzola, Gian Paolo title: Neither ACEIs nor ARBs are associated with respiratory distress or mortality in COVID-19 results of a prospective study on a hospital-based cohort date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315827-biur1xn4 author: Zickfeld, Janis H. title: Correlates of Health-Protective Behavior During the Initial Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Norway date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315827-biur1xn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315827-biur1xn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315827-biur1xn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316845-k9zvsfvj author: Robertson, Mary M. title: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316728-vyfkmniu author: Benyounes, Nadia title: Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316944-xt09q1z5 author: Preis, Heidi title: Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic-Related Stress Among U.S. Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316805-6rshrecb author: Hossain, M. A. title: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317349-c8nrd4h9 author: OLAPEGBA, Peter O title: A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316616-j82q99in author: Su, Yen-Bo title: Cardiovascular manifestation and treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316616-j82q99in.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316938-64jxtg9y author: Blasi, Annabel title: In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author: Zhang, Wen-rui title: Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317238-uszhwugw author: Parodi, Aurora title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria. Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role? date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317058-anvmj4li author: Liu, Xinkui title: Analysis of clinical features and early warning signs in patients with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317265-n6x0r58i author: Singh, Varsha title: Can Vitamins, as Epigenetic Modifiers, Enhance Immunity in COVID-19 Patients with Non-communicable Disease? date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317560-jhthcw20 author: Duong, Lisa title: Letter to the Editor: Neurohospitalist and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author: Kandhari, Rajat title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317283-0zzs5cy8 author: Nicoletti, Angela title: Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317196-3bub3fy0 author: Sammons, Morgan T. title: Psychological Practice and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Rapid Response Survey date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316925-l56cos15 author: Carriedo, Dr. Alejandro title: COVID-19, Psychological Well-being and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults during the Nationwide Lockdown in Spain date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316925-l56cos15.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317092-5qba9jiq author: Singh, Tulika title: Lessons from COVID-19 in children: Key hypotheses to guide preventative and therapeutic strategies date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs author: Barzilai, Nir title: Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317526-d3z4r0dz author: Bloom, Patricia P. title: Hepatology Consultants Often Disagree on Etiology of Abnormal Liver Biochemistries in COVID-19 but Agree on Management date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317167-hzcl1hw3 author: Rodgers, Rachel F. title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317729-ruvx9zwd author: Wilson, Darius Cameron title: Adrenomedullin in COVID-19 induced endotheliitis date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317371-v7hmc9sj author: Zhang, Xiaolei title: Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317242-e7000i2u author: Gandhi, Darshan title: Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316943-ef3i96bo author: Sciberras, Justine title: The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317016-codk0by1 author: Trivizakis, Eleftherios title: Advancing COVID-19 differentiation with a robust preprocessing and integration of multi-institutional open-repository computer tomography datasets for deep learning analysis date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317016-codk0by1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317085-qc8bfb9g author: Zhang, Nan title: Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Diabetes Patients With COVID-19: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study in Early Outbreak in China date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317538-i6amqpmt author: Krawczyk, Noa title: Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317151-cxx5pcln author: Papa, Alfredo title: Covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317535-zep5axfo author: Azpiazu Landa, N. title: Ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317500-ufo2qgj4 author: Scialpi, Michele title: Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317567-19ssakh7 author: Duroi, Iris title: Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317399-693q80xo author: Al Wahaibi, Adil title: COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317399-693q80xo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317604-j8b64a1a author: Sahay, Sandeep title: Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316126-j51dik7f author: Zhang, X. Sophie title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317512-kx0u9955 author: Karaye, Ibraheem M. title: The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317450-tp2ckb6r author: Robillard, R. title: Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Web-Based Survey in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317589-03isjlif author: Mahdian, Soodeh title: Drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317589-03isjlif.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317843-sp4nvbbh author: Azuma, Kenichi title: Impact of climate and ambient air pollution on the epidemic growth during COVID-19 outbreak in Japan date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317648-lyxz10mo author: Zhou, Qi title: Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317728-0hcsblrf author: Aksan, Feyzullah title: A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317561-ewo6vvlr author: Jha, Sujeet title: HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317776-gw3jmalz author: Boreskie, Kevin F. title: Age is just a number – and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316691-8d1mmbac author: Owens, Andrew P. title: Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317811-mxsujb5u author: Migliaccio, Raffaella title: Dementia and COVID-19 Lockdown: More Than a Double Blow for Patients and Caregivers date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317477-h3c5kddj author: De Coninck, David title: Perceived vulnerability to disease and attitudes towards public health measures: COVID-19 in Flanders, Belgium date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317707-r0q7ipa6 author: Saracco, Margherita title: Carrying on with Liver Transplantation during the COVID-19 emergency: Report from Piedmont Region date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318178-l17u9oqp author: Omura, Takuya title: Geriatric practice during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317602-ftcs7fvq author: O’Reilly-Shah, Vikas N. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Shortcomings in US Health Care Informatics Infrastructure: A Call to Action date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317605-s9vv7rw4 author: Zhou, Y. title: A New Predictor of Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318038-psultpzy author: José Concepción Zavaleta, Marcio title: Diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318038-psultpzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318029-xd7nuahh author: Ke, Chunjin title: 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author: Jewell, Jennifer S title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317846-str9i01o author: Chen, Dr. Xian title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317846-str9i01o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317413-w2xfdwea author: Maurya, Vimal K. title: Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317834-5givph12 author: Bhat, Kulthe Ramesh Seetharam title: COVID-19 model-based practice changes in managing a large prostate cancer practice: following the trends during a month-long ordeal date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317834-5givph12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317834-5givph12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317834-5givph12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317863-xf0bn3cv author: Pata, Ramakanth title: Probability of COVID-19 Being the Culprit in Neurocognitive Deception: A Case Series of Incidental Strokes in ICU Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318032-d9dnugod author: Ali Hassan, Syed M. title: Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317622-o10ntfi8 author: Evans, Ronald M. title: Shining Light on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Vitamin D Receptor Checkpoint in Defense of Unregulated Wound Healing date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317794-kd9a0ron author: Ahmed, Hiwa Omer title: The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate- Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317956-srbualjc author: Klang, Eyal title: Sex Differences in Age and Comorbidities for COVID-19 Mortality in Urban New York City date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317956-srbualjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317966-ut6tzc8s author: Kocak, Burak title: A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317906-u5z5cpfk author: Gupta, Ishita title: Atypical Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317689-gp4x54pe author: Galanopoulou, Aristea S. title: EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19: A small case series preliminary report date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318116-u0swlpug author: Dolores García-Cosío, M. title: Trasplante cardiaco durante la pandemia por coronavirus: organización asistencial y características de los pacientes infectados date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317822-e4uhop4w author: Bahrami, Ahmad title: Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID‐19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: First case from Iran date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318067-4hdeuweo author: Torrego, Alfons title: Bronchoscopy in Patients with COVID-19 with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317990-61is0hgm author: Quinn, Katherine G. title: Applying the Popular Opinion Leader Intervention for HIV to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317859-afvi0g0a author: Wilson, Mathew G title: Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: a practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318043-1x3dp1vv author: Ahmadi, Mohsen title: Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318367-8xrjddwy author: Liu, Xiucheng title: An especial transition phase of hospitals: the adaptation of hospital operations to the development of COVID-19 and policy adjustments date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318312-v1c3qm7h author: Fischer, Quentin title: Case report of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318068-3mnhd56l author: Tan, Hanno L title: How does COVID-19 kill at home and what should we do about it? date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318317-x12fblc5 author: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title: The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317795-689at1qx author: Bielicki, Julia A title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317795-689at1qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317988-1buh1wm0 author: Kalichman, Seth C. title: Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living With HIV, Atlanta, Georgia date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316647-jj8anf5g author: Shang, You title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318184-atlslk0e author: Germain, N. title: Retrospective study of COVID-19 seroprevalence among tissue donors at the onset of the outbreak before implementation of strict lockdown measures in France date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317849-i80zf67c author: Isautier, J. M. title: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: People's experiences and satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317823-ztawznod author: Yehya, Nadir title: Statewide Interventions and Covid-19 Mortality in the United States: An Observational Study date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317823-ztawznod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318371-irqked5z author: Assandri, Roberto title: Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318371-irqked5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317624-qdzhncs0 author: Choi, Min Joo title: Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318204-t024w7h6 author: Fang, Ferric C title: The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318167-b25g6zkp author: Einollahi, Behzad title: A patient affected by critical COVID-19 pneumonia, successfully treated with convalescent plasma date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318326-q9fnbg8n author: Cacciapuoti, Sara title: Immunocytometric analysis of COVID patients: A contribution to personalized therapy? date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317761-tkqmu1va author: Shukla, Ashutosh M title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317820-od9l7p1r author: Goker Bagca, Bakiye title: Overview of the COVID-19 and JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibition: Ruxolitinib Perspective date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318333-rzhrgp5q author: Hou, Jiabao title: COVID-19 infection, a potential threat to surgical patients and staff? A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318391-2s0rjfn8 author: Akirov, Amit title: Tackling Obesity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318324-cc6rn95z author: Handu, Deepa title: Malnutrition Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Evidence Analysis Center date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318457-k5kkd5qp author: Yoganathan, Anusha title: Cardiovascular disease and the impact of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318044-podm4mjd author: Wu, P. title: The Trans-omics Landscape of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318470-2plv75os author: Russell, Matthew R. title: COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318470-2plv75os.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318484-b21myin4 author: Di Lorenzo, G. title: Evaluating the adequacy of Prima Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the assessment of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318484-b21myin4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318342-eipscagh author: Chen, Juan title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318342-eipscagh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318364-5bmdzgla author: Sun, Xinjuan title: Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318319-efqf5e1i author: Yamasaki, Yukitaka title: The peripheral lymphocyte count as a predictor of severe COVID-19 and the effect of treatment with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318520-hgjv7ot9 author: Mohamed, Sherif title: Death due to Cardiac Arrest in a Young Female With Highly Suspected COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318437-tzp33iw7 author: Lovrić, Mario title: Understanding the true effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution by means of machine learning() date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318316-9unfl966 author: Ortega, Joseph T. title: Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318316-9unfl966.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318512-5wvnw8li author: Coronado, Pluvio J. title: Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318369-y3wtfqrn author: Pan, Lingai title: How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318018-ybdkp398 author: Bruni, Margherita title: Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318592-08mjfs83 author: Chen, L. title: Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent-positive Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Curative Discharge: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases in Wuhan China date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318483-il5aq8py author: Perez Gaxiola, G. title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series in Sinaloa date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318697-6o0i4gir author: Armitage, Richard title: Whistleblowing and patient safety during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318332-krgsd5z3 author: Sallam, M. title: COVID-19 misinformation: mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318370-l2fdd4zt author: Wittayanakorn, Nunthasiri title: COVID-19’s Impact on Neurosurgical Training in Southeast Asia date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318390-uuz37610 author: Saleem, Tayyaba title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318390-uuz37610.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318194-m4vu77v6 author: Rentsch, Christopher T. title: Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318417-jfqnepzy author: Koay, Hui-Fern title: An unconventional view of COVID-19 T cell immunity date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318737-b32tk5ze author: Stickley, Andrew title: COVID-19 preventive behaviours among people with anxiety and depressive symptoms: Findings from Japan date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318542-785hnh19 author: Leeson, Cale E. title: Systematic Review: Safety of Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318542-785hnh19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318378-omsc9a8k author: Chen, Lian title: Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318773-nmsr1ga1 author: Blanco-Colino, Ruth title: Authors’ response to: About the scientific letter «Suspicion of an acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infectio» date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318262-w8oixzdg author: Chevance, A title: Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: a narrative review date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318866-3arxrm8m author: Magnano, M. title: Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318321-jfpbkntx author: Parashar, Bhupesh title: Disease Site-Specific Guidelines for Curative Radiation Treatment During ‘Limited Surgery’ and ‘Hospital Avoidance’: A Radiation Oncology Perspective From the Epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318492-uu1p1rgi author: Mansueto, Gelsomina title: COVID-19: Brief Check Point Through The Pathologist's Eye (autopsy archive) date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317628-1inxq7t5 author: Cuccarese, Michael F. title: Functional immune mapping with deep-learning enabled phenomics applied to immunomodulatory and COVID-19 drug discovery date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318355-38x3f3ee author: Yang, Yang title: Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with Sars‐COV‐2 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318694-370ccaoc author: Khanna, Niharika title: Utilizing the Learning Health System Adaptation to guide Family Medicine Practice to COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318410-fznw4bbq author: Alhazmi, Amani title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318458-jadk2qbm author: Jung, Chan-Young title: Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of COVID-19: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318634-crjg72fj author: Weiss, Pnina G. title: Leading Change to Address the Needs and Well-being of Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318681-enq0j6dr author: Kim, Je Hyeong title: Experience of augmenting critical care capacity in Daegu during COVID-19 incident in South Korea date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318831-hocenr09 author: Ahluwalia, Amrit S. title: Bilateral Pneumothoraces as Possible Atypical Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318831-hocenr09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318929-hygcbcp0 author: López-Martin, Inmaculada title: Relación entre la gravedad del Covid-19 y el estado vacunal. Resultados de una encuesta anónima entre médicos de atención primaria date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318655-i9kv7bph author: Lu, Zhenzhen title: A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318808-1cfwj5uq author: Li, Ying title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318817-95tw84z8 author: Hubner, C. v. K. title: Distress among Brazilian university students due to the Covid-19 pandemic: survey results and reflections date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318756-yln4htof author: Naderi, Nasim title: Cardiovascular patients in COVID‐19 era, a case series, an experience from a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tehran, Iran date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318756-yln4htof.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318871-ffyavhm0 author: Sy, K. T. L. title: Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318858-x8p0n6r3 author: Hope, Michael D title: A role for CT in COVID-19? What data really tell us so far date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318893-obcdapgb author: Cheng, Shao-Chung title: Author reply to Letters to the Editor “COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan” date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318933-09ym98hx author: Betsch, Cornelia title: Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318757-po0zpvw5 author: Beig, Gufran title: COVID-19 and Environmental -Weather Markers: Unfolding Baseline Levels and Veracity of Linkages in Tropical India date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318916-5lzun9bv author: Bruining, Hilgo title: COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry: an unexpected blessing for part of our population? date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318892-1vyhsg5k author: AbdAllah, Mohamed title: Role of micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318701-f9j13fsc author: Chamboredon, P. title: COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318906-p7wb6kjd author: Changzheng, He title: How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID‐19 epidemic? A retrospective single‐center analysis based on real‐world data from China date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318965-0mxv8h06 author: Mastnak, Wolfgang title: Psychopathological problems related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318976-ptutkd6o author: Gul, Fahad title: Meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection with versus without gastrointestinal symptoms date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318979-1t68f5pp author: Kihira, Shingo title: Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318970-aiqggh6h author: Sánchez-Raya, Judith title: Spinal cord injury and COVID-19: some thoughts after the first wave date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319091-hkuc2xqm author: Loscocco, Giuseppe G. title: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318599-drvjr7gq author: Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph title: Note: Mayday, Mayday, Mayday! Responding to environmental shocks: Insights on global airlines’ responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318983-rmvqf6s9 author: SCHMIDT, HARALD title: Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318994-1xngjndu author: Lier, Audun J. title: Case Report: Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318909-h5b7mncf author: Liguori, Claudio title: Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319268-mqxwwwcd author: Raj, Sumit title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC” date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319066-jdvvegp9 author: Bressan, Silvia title: Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319278-d0rgrmd2 author: Iavarone, Massimo title: Authors’ reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319022-1twsxzcd author: Desai, Antonio title: The role of anti-hypertensive treatment, comorbidities and early introduction of LMWH in the setting of COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study in Northern Italy() date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318755-fip8wj6y author: El Kassas, Mohamed title: Liver transplantation in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319486-zf3ytsph author: van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid title: FFP2-mondmasker of chirurgisch mondkapje bij COVID-19 date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319575-i5iq5qn4 author: Ramachandran, R. title: Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319140-wxe0tpzs author: Yang, Bin title: Computed tomography findings in a case of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319269-20sn3yxt author: Li, Chunrong title: The Prevention and Control Experience of Maternal Health Care from Chengu, China During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318879-4ual2ssa author: Kaveh-Yazdy, Fatemeh title: Track Iran's National COVID-19 Response Committee’s Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319312-fmfj8bkp author: Jenab, Yaser title: Occurrence of acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular event in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319007-w3pk3ha1 author: Zingaropoli, Maria Antonella title: Major reduction of NKT cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319170-idv2cio4 author: Devita, Maria title: The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author: Brazil, Victoria title: Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319089-hxpoy4gd author: Du, Li title: Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318938-7d731q65 author: Wallentin, Lars title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318938-7d731q65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319418-ao0df0q7 author: Chire Saire, J. E. title: Study of Coronavirus Impact on Parisian Population from April to June using Twitter and Text Mining Approach date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author: Bourgonje, Arno R. title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319382-97iwwsfg author: Sripadma, Dr. P.V. title: Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patient- An Obstetric Emergency date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319379-qe56u93a author: Patil, Vaishali M. title: A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319256-7pyinx1a author: Jin, Xin title: The values of coagulation function in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319333-jwbgytwd author: Radmard, Sara title: Inpatient Neurology Consultations During the Onset of the SARS-CoV-2 New York City Pandemic: A Single Center Case Series date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318821-m8vx0wgs author: Jombart, T. title: Real-time monitoring of COVID-19 dynamics using automated trend fitting and anomaly detection date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319273-ok2p1h9f author: Lai, Yu-Ju title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the deduction effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in pregnancy date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319804-i5oprni9 author: Mahajan, Ashutosh title: An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318675-lrrro5g9 author: KARIMI, S. M. title: Spring Weather and COVID-19 Deaths in the U.S. date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319113-844o9nr2 author: AL-Rasheedi, Mabrouk title: Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318980-8cclwzob author: Dindarloo, Kavoos title: Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319728-d0kf9gme author: Lucchini, Matteo title: Is serological response to SARS-CoV-2 preserved in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment? A case report date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317878-bqpj0ey0 author: Czick, Maureen title: COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320067-929h6arn author: Facheris, Paola title: Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320067-929h6arn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319741-vgtd2whz author: Ranjan, Piyush title: Is excess weight a risk factor for the development of COVID 19 infection? A preliminary report from India date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319511-gzanhu4w author: Silvestris, Erica title: Fertility preservation in cancer patients at the time of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319580-awtp0mpg author: McCartney, Stephen A. title: Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319851-mhnp42xo author: Cao, Xiaoling title: Authors’ response to letter by Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero, “Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19” date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319013-oytqcifa author: Focosi, Daniele title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320104-cgzqwbzs author: Lester, Paula E. title: Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319859-6mt34av6 author: Zhou, Min title: Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319899-nso0ob27 author: Wilke, Jan title: Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319408-841c0g1c author: Salvatore, Christine M title: Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319538-bawzonq1 author: Krause, Martin title: Association between procalcitonin levels and duration of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319837-5avoulan author: Raman, Eshwara V. title: Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319837-5avoulan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319920-vn5si7xm author: Sampogna, Gianluca title: Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319707-j8y9gt2o author: Kato, Verstrepen title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author: Frountzas, Maximos title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319876-psilbis0 author: Zhu, Jian title: COVID-19 Epidemic: Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Pediatric Isolation Ward date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319876-psilbis0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319241-div9rzax author: Singh, Bhuchitra title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its Effect on Gametogenesis and Early Pregnancy date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319241-div9rzax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319742-ypkt01rn author: Asgharpour, Masoumeh title: Effectiveness of extracorporeal blood purification (hemoadsorption) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319849-3shr5grg author: Cheruiyot, Isaac title: Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320031-e328fesl author: Loforte, Antonio title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320031-e328fesl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319615-p2labgd8 author: Schulman, Sam title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319706-2e9jrv0s author: Ebinger, Joseph E. title: Pre-existing traits associated with Covid-19 illness severity date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319860-zouscolw author: Wu, Jianhua title: Place and causes of acute cardiovascular mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319860-zouscolw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author: French, Jeff title: Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320063-n9qzbnup author: Calender, Alain title: Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319885-8qyavs7m author: Chan, Stephen title: Count regression models for COVID-19 date: 2021-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319998-dkk2motm author: Ho, Jing-Mao title: Unequal discourses: Problems of the current model of world health development date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320247-123v1ddf author: Sheng, Wang-Huei title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 author: Zvolensky, Michael J. title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320100-kyvje05n author: Zingone, Fabiana title: No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320022-e3ti4doi author: Lee, Jin title: Do We Really Need to Isolate All Children with COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities? date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319436-mlitd45q author: Brinati, D. title: Detection of COVID-19 Infection from Routine Blood Exams with Machine Learning: a Feasibility Study date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319912-fc9tmx96 author: Ciminelli, Gabriele title: COVID-19 in Italy: An Analysis of Death Registry Data date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320064-kjvfe8sv author: Soeroto, Arto Yuwono title: Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319823-sp5wibeh author: Brown, Sherry-Ann title: Innovation in Precision Cardio-Oncology During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Into a Post-pandemic World date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319930-ymqnb54a author: Kremer, Stéphane title: Brain MRI Findings in Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319910-s2e56ety author: Jani, B. D. title: Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations: A general population cohort study of 1.3 million date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author: Siepmann, Timo title: Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author: Mazingi, Dennis title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320065-zxh8u4eg author: Patel, Pious D. title: Tracking the Volume of Neurosurgical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320136-k4204pb6 author: Razum, Oliver title: Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD jetzt weiter stärken date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320045-qhk01o9m author: Gralnek, Ian M. title: ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320025-omz1fou9 author: Di Girolamo, Nicola title: Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial 3 months of the pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320082-gbli8zn2 author: Zadnik, Vesna title: Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Slovenia – Preliminary Results date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author: Hotopf, Matthew title: The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320530-5xltmc65 author: Bozorgmehr, Kayvan title: Power of and power over COVID-19 response guidelines date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320262-9zxgaprl author: Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320426-fber0yzi author: Xia, Tianyi title: Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320139-yfm640jl author: Sun, R. title: Dépistage systématique de l’épidémie à coronavirus 2019 en radiothérapie par scanographie thoracique et PCR : expérience d’un centre date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319519-mb9ofh12 author: Ding, J. title: A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes' interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320315-p85irulf author: Pulia, Michael S. title: COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320315-p85irulf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319908-10b7de22 author: Naser, Abdallah Y title: Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319908-10b7de22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319853-jr8x5emx author: De Castro, Leonardo title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320149-3q4q98a6 author: Di Carlo, Davide Tiziano title: Exploring the clinical association between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: a systematic review of current literature date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319983-e4f2sfl4 author: Tripathi, Shweta title: The COVID-19: Current understanding date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320499-76o2zj0v author: Davoodi, Lotfollah title: Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318944-13zk6cco author: Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title: Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320350-zeeozmm9 author: Nisoli, Enzo title: COVID-19 and Hartnup disease: an affair of intestinal amino acid malabsorption date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320158-6dh9e5rg author: Hansen, Richard title: Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320460-7b8lqhl8 author: Shapira, G. title: Ethnic differences in SERPINA1 allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID-19 fatality rates date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320535-fo4lzcav author: Geyer, Howard L. title: Movement Disorders in COVID-19: Whither Art Thou? date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320267-n21jryi2 author: AlShoaibi, Naeem A. title: Saudi Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Management of Potential Arrhythmogenicity Associated with Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320614-5qph7yen author: Patel, Aniruddh P. title: Race, socioeconomic deprivation, and hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a national biobank date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320645-wu0sdbrk author: Hakim, Radwan title: COVID-19 et SCA ST+ date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320455-doup2bqq author: Werion, Alexis title: SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Specific Dysfunction of the Kidney Proximal Tubule date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320689-upxsdgqd author: Shetty, Sameep S. title: Vicissitudes in oncological care during COVID19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320625-ggx33mpt author: Lipworth, Brian title: Use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and coronavirus disease 2019: Keep calm and carry on date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320389-zgujsi9c author: Kalfaoglu, Bahire title: T-cell dysregulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320145-582kmoyo author: Cardinal, R. N. title: Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320656-5gu6ejul author: Moran, Joseph V title: Post-Extubation Stridor Complicating COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320740-npoje09j author: Musa, Arif title: Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320740-npoje09j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320647-a3wf2sl1 author: Liu, Qi title: Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320447-nq9f1gmu author: Lins, Muriel title: Assessment of small pulmonary blood vessels in COVID-19 patients using HRCT date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320349-6hbuq0k7 author: Zhou, Hua title: Development of early warning and rapid response system for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): A research protocol date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320895-y6pzrbdi author: Arab-Zozani, Morteza title: COVID-19 in Iran: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Strategies for Preparedness – A Report From the Field date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320509-3a40djjm author: Benke, Christoph title: Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320270-lduhhdld author: Obek, Can title: Management of prostate cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319248-ynoxec7k author: Matsuyama, Toshifumi title: An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320661-p7tyfqyu author: Branson, Rich title: The US Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Ventilators in COVID-19: A Comparison of Functionality and Analysis regarding the Emergency Purchase of 200,000 devices. date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319868-rtt9i7wu author: Majeed, Taban title: Issues associated with deploying CNN transfer learning to detect COVID-19 from chest X-rays date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320892-dcfi5u04 author: Kaidi, Austin C. title: Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320361-lld2oib2 author: Jackman, Deirdre title: Crisis and continuity: Rural health care students respond to the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320902-1hfxju5f author: Filocamo, Giovanni title: Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320572-94fvtj4a author: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320603-pus087p8 author: Ning, Xianjun title: The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320603-pus087p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321085-u0pl323l author: Kumar, Karan title: Elevated Liver Chemistries in COVID-19—Is It Not a Concern? date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320860-qt84oicg author: Zhang, Aining title: Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320646-xk77u4g0 author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320822-etibcspx author: Wright, Franklin L. title: Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320822-etibcspx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320474-jyk7zphp author: Bonaventura, Aldo title: Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320785-42p8292o author: Lobo, Andréa de Paula title: COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: where we at? date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320785-42p8292o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320994-3ahwc3aq author: Miyashita, Hirotaka title: Do Patients with Cancer Have a Poorer Prognosis of COVID-19? An Experience in New York City. date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320514-nd6c1xjn author: Ari, Selma title: Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320811-9sm7iz5x author: Harkin, Denis W. title: Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic, review article date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320636-mvtux07x author: Pullano, G. title: Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author: Kumar, Harender title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320920-mceoozy8 author: Ali, Zain title: Acute COVID-19 Induced Fulminant Systemic Vascular Thrombosis: A Novel Entity date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320092-0qnvydux author: Ehsani, Sepehr title: COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320147-29a7njqi author: Mendes, Luís title: How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321177-ywkkcagd author: Tamari, Keisuke title: Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320360-2qpcot6p author: Gumel, A. B. title: Will an imperfect vaccine curtail the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321302-eowo2mt0 author: Spaetgens, Bart title: The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321097-fw05hcr4 author: Annie, Frank title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320877-1i0hzfjk author: KIYKAÇ ALTINBAŞ, Şadıman title: Gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321044-pfooy6g3 author: Chiu, Joanne S. title: Kawasaki Disease Features and Myocarditis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320681-b3ui95vx author: Zhang, Rui title: COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320632-369kax2m author: Song, Yang title: COVID-19 Treatment: Close to a Cure? – A Rapid Review of Pharmacotherapies for the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320632-369kax2m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320815-p9oh54nt author: Gentile, Pietro title: Research progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs), Drugs, and Vaccines in Inhibiting COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320331-wtxja5i9 author: Cabbab, Iris Louise N. title: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Current Knowledge and Potential Effects on Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320773-zisujjsx author: Sabat, Iryna title: United but divided: policy responses and people's perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320755-0zpnwl2k author: Mateen, Farrah J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. and Canadian neurologists’ therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321088-5gu7rnhj author: Collins, Caitlin title: Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320970-ru2iw0py author: Peeling, Rosanna W title: Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320673-4guarm0k author: Lopera, E. title: Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321089-x85tg8g5 author: Wilson, Jacob M. title: Quantifying the Backlog of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Cases: Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320964-1gg33gdn author: Sampieri, Clara Luz title: Revisión de nuevas evidencias acerca de la posible transmisión vertical de la COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321240-f6qh4fva author: Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade title: Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320930-9yiu0080 author: Liu, Zeming title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321030-isc3p46t author: Rodriguez Socarrás, Moises title: Telemedicine and Smart Working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320888-mn7btxy2 author: Ameh, C. A. title: Reproductive Maternal and Newborn Health providers assessment of facility preparedness and its Determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320823-a1fq6mno author: Moula, Amalia Ioanna title: Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320945-swr3l0ur author: Liu, Zhenghong title: Dynamic emergency department response to the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic: the experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321311-v2i1caug author: Weller, Michael title: How we treat patients with brain tumour during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321403-fe4vgwz8 author: Bellini, Maria Irene title: Kidney transplantation and the lock‐down effect date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321062-j4cd1uho author: Kottlors, Jonathan title: Body composition on Low Dose Chest CT is a Significant Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Disease - a Multicenter Feasibility Study date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321440-sts3re6p author: Klein, Sebastian J. title: Unrecognized diabetes in critically ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320831-owfnttqr author: Klimek, Ludger title: Allergen immunotherapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A position paper of AeDA, ARIA, EAACI, DGAKI and GPA: Position paper of the German ARIA Group(A) in cooperation with the Austrian ARIA Group(B), the Swiss ARIA Group(C), German Society for Applied Allergology (AEDA)(D), German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI)(E), Society for Pediatric Allergology (GPA)(F) in cooperation with AG Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the DGHNO-KHC(G) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320208-uih4jf8w author: Li, Diya title: Modeling Spatiotemporal Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Caused by COVID-19 Using Social Media Data Mining date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320864-k9zksbyt author: Remes-Troche, J. M. title: Recommendations for the reopening and activity resumption of the neurogastroenterology units in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Position of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321258-fj9nel2z author: Huynh, Giao title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321074-7jfy8cn6 author: Caruso, Damiano title: Quantitative Chest CT analysis in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320980-srpgcy4b author: Aldila, Dipo title: A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321499-17n9tj70 author: Marini, John J. title: Integrating the evidence: confronting the COVID-19 elephant date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320935-3n157yl4 author: Kumar, Manish title: Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321816-ipbwpw26 author: Fawad, Muhammad title: Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321181-bqdsfgdc author: Garitano, Ignacio title: Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto "Covid-19 Trends" en Euskadi date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321387-5epa1bb8 author: Altuntas, Fevzi title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321586-lgbod553 author: Danielli, Shaun title: Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321586-lgbod553.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321455-ooouqna7 author: Li, Tao title: Characteristics of laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients with non-severe symptoms in Hefei City, China: diagnostic value in organ injuries date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321459-5atonb89 author: Llalle, Wildor Samir Cubas title: Impact on the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Residents’ Learning Curve During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321459-5atonb89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321461-1s3y9kc5 author: Rajdev, Kartikeya title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in COVID-19: Mounting Evidence date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321593-x6mdkyq6 author: Dunnick, N. Reed title: Most Adaptable to Change date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321259-wio2b49i author: Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac title: Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321718-nzxvbj8b author: Khan, Moien AB. title: “Covibesity,” a new pandemic date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321267-ihd30qi0 author: Daughton, Christian G. title: Natural experiment concept to accelerate the Re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321282-fyhkok3t author: Beglaibter, Nahum title: Practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in Israel during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321380-e5zq15hz author: del Campo, P. Lázaro title: No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient undergoing allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from a matched-related donor with unknown COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321315-bzmokdzk author: Tanacan, Atakan title: The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321402-7a04kx5n author: Rezakhani, Leila title: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321379-7bpl5n3j author: Singh, Sweta title: Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321503-w2m078r1 author: Cardwell, Ryan title: COVID-19 and International Food Assistance: Policy Proposals to Keep Food Flowing date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321412-6g3obmzc author: Khamis, Faryal title: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults with Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321149-hffj7s4o author: Schmidt, Matthieu title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321698-8q25z6ci author: Spratt, Daniel I title: COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321846-pzmewp2r author: Alvarado, Amado title: COVID-19 associated with onset nephrotic syndrome in a pediatric patient: coincidence or related conditions? date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321770-g5xcfhnh author: de Farias, Emmerson Carlos Franco title: MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321873-9l9zp6gm author: Zhou, Bo title: The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321747-u2v1w99n author: Korytkowski, Mary title: A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321137-nxd8i7uh author: White, Michael D. title: Policing a Pandemic: Stay-at-Home Orders and What they Mean for the Police date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321990-z83c4e47 author: Ravioli, Svenja title: COVID-19 screening in outpatients with risk factors and healthcare workers date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321976-ao3bg8xi author: Robinson, Philip C title: Management of autoimmune disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321787-6k4c6zei author: Rogo, Tanya title: Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322244-3en3yey1 author: Nkengasong, John N title: Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast date: 2020-02-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321568-okvt1fg3 author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title: Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319780-rfj9t99r author: Alexander, S.P.H. title: A rational roadmap for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29 date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 author: Oliveira, E. title: ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321768-oevswvvd author: Duan, Ya-qi title: Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321878-bnjupaik author: Deliwala, Smit S. title: A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321784-nubu5fuz author: Salazar, E. title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston, Texas date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322267-pbj819vk author: Gautam, Sneha title: COVID-19: air pollution remains low as people stay at home date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321552-lsz1onrj author: Membrilla, Javier A. title: Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross‐Sectional Study date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321231-zlpa3x2x author: Anand, Pratima title: Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321176-b4o3nba6 author: Ong, P. M. title: COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322142-y7v8tcnb author: Kapoor, Indu title: Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals – A crucial phase date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322259-khknne8s author: de Roquetaillade, C. title: Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322259-khknne8s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322256-mv9ll0h4 author: Edelman, E. Jennifer title: Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322063-96suqyfg author: Kampmeier, Stefanie title: A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321098-j3glby40 author: Bodrud-Doza, Md. title: Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321098-j3glby40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321598-ae241pmd author: de Vries, A.P.J. title: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321865-cn9dm6ju author: Anca, Diana title: Electrophysiology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York Tertiary Hospital Experience date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322258-rl9o60cs author: Parmar, Chetan title: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322229-a7sz6e3c author: Suryadevara, V. title: Mental Health Status among the South Indian Pharmacy Students during Covid-19 Pandemic Quarantine Period: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321543-qdmvn44h author: Webb, J. B. title: Computational Simulation to Assess Patient Safety of Uncompensated COVID-19 Two-patient Ventilator Sharing Using the Pulse Physiology Engine date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321633-qr2w7azj author: Yadav, Sanjay Kumar title: Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool “EMERGE” date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322205-vui1jh2v author: nan title: Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321960-p4twpm2z author: Thibaudin, Marion title: Immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with cancer date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321867-7n88rl6p author: Jee, J. title: Oncologic Immunomodulatory Agents in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322079-87iqc21s author: Agostiniani, Rino title: Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322054-whjisspt author: Zhang, S. title: Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322054-whjisspt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322332-0pi3wcv5 author: Conforti, Claudio title: Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti‐inflammatory action against IL‐6 in COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322313-bq1g5g6p author: Kamishima, Tamotsu title: Editorial for “Clinical Potential of UTE‐MRI for Assessing the COVID‐19: Patient‐ and Lesion‐Based Comparative Analysis” date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322296-8j4xw3vp author: Passamonti, Serena Maria title: Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: “The great bet” in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320663-xypg6evo author: Market, Marisa title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322337-4xhwm3k4 author: Desai, P. S. title: Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA) to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Houston date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322336-ktxi3v3a author: Griffin, John H. title: COVID‐19 hypothesis: Activated protein C for therapy of virus‐induced pathologic thromboinflammation date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322386-fkmrzitm author: Duran, Emine title: Vital corner of diagnostic challenge: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or COVID-19 pneumonia? date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322493-ymg6mh28 author: Gheysarzadeh, Ali title: Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321983-566pbuic author: Liu, Wei title: Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321983-566pbuic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322417-9e95m4kz author: Segovia-Juarez, Jose title: High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320912-jfeu4tho author: Fukui, M. title: Power Laws in Superspreading Events: Evidence from Coronavirus Outbreaks and Implications for SIR Models date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322439-86dojc70 author: Celarier, Thomas title: Covid-19: Adapting the geriatric organisations to respond to the pandemic date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322439-86dojc70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321497-c7l88gjn author: Tull, Matthew T. title: Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322034-8wwqxkjl author: Ma, Ke title: From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine: treatment of mental disorders in COVID-19 survivors date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322159-3anst3os author: Kiaghadi, A. title: Assessing COVID-19 Risk, Vulnerability and Infection Prevalence in Communities date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322159-3anst3os.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322087-gj5mfzxz author: de Sanctis, Vincenzo title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322009-0cwljo0c author: Ma, Ling title: Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322483-up3738e7 author: Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima title: Dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a Rapid Response Team operation in Brazil: Quality in practice date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322483-up3738e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322290-zx3i8mpo author: Yelin, Dana title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322102-4fi0y96f author: Zimmermann, Matthias title: Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322456-5at1euqm author: Rokohl, Alexander C. title: Die Rolle der Augenheilkunde in der COVID-19-Pandemie date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322404-lj5hfuqm author: Halvatsiotis, P. title: Demographic and Clinical Features of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Greece: The Burden of Diabetes and Obesity date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321852-e7369brf author: Wang, Bo title: AI-assisted CT imaging analysis for COVID-19 screening: Building and deploying a medical AI system date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321852-e7369brf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322110-crt3h6ua author: Arcari, Luca title: Incidence and determinants of high-sensitivity troponin and natriuretic peptides elevation at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322497-hdy3va8e author: LUBANSU, Alphonse title: COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322279-6ffnejwj author: Kwon, Seungwon title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322322-woz6lwdu author: Marcum, Michelle title: COVID‐19 pandemic and impact on cancer clinical trials: An academic medical center perspective date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322528-6r57pq8o author: Heald, Adrian H title: Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322427-6hsdlogg author: Holten, Aleksander Rygh title: Predicting severe COVID-19 in the Emergency Department date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author: Gorges, Rebecca J. title: Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322471-wt7zt6a8 author: Raparelli, Valeria title: Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322385-sc2vxxnn author: Ebinger, J. title: SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Across a Diverse Cohort of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322099-mb17dnf2 author: Shanahan, Lilly title: Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322580-7ohso8hl author: Stochino, Claudia title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322718-zpf2ri9k author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322601-9pg1yqfa author: Camporota, Luigi title: Outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322723-qmnorud2 author: Goetz, Christian title: Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322414-dpx191xh author: Harke, Nina N. title: To defer or not to defer? A German longitudinal multicentric assessment of clinical practice in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322641-mz0b91xr author: Farnsworth, Christopher W title: SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322672-gjph61cq author: Ashok, Vishnu title: Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322733-rriuiofu author: Li, Weiran title: Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322732-82m84n4w author: Felice, C title: Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322798-5r3kf9wa author: Freeman, Esther E. title: Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322725-fjd7cbvb author: Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz title: Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322572-wic7n6ia author: Liu, Jiangtao title: Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322474-izguwscl author: Rylett, R. J. title: Covid-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322474-izguwscl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322693-q3h15hd6 author: Crowley, Des title: Prison and opportunities for the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322590-twnlaq24 author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322596-vfmzk2el author: Ming, Yi title: Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322486-qwl7nzkr author: Omori, Ryosuke title: The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322552-95bj65qf author: Sang, Charlie Joseph title: ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322861-q7uk6rdp author: Zanon, Ezio title: How haemophilia A impacts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) treatment: a case report date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322796-ojfrvtuy author: Bagheri, S. H. R. title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322663-a58e6pp8 author: Giacomelli, Andrea title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322704-0suc6pt6 author: Riffe, T. title: COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths. date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323274-vhcvbiqm author: Gansevoort, Ron T. title: CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322571-8u4c2xqg author: Sannigrahi, Srikanta title: Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323439-z6rghua1 author: Sampaio, Pedro Paulo N. title: Rescue Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Myopericarditis: A Case Report date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322789-9elfpx0e author: Abbaspour Kasgari, Hamideh title: Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author: Mansuri, Farah M.A. title: Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322714-s0wge7o4 author: Joyner, Michael J. title: Safety Update: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 20,000 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323020-9v44cg3b author: Khaliq, Maria title: An Analysis of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients in Pakistan date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322577-5bboc1z0 author: Parola, Anna title: Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322543-lo1ra50f author: Li, z. title: Causal Analysis of Health Interventions and Environments for Influencing the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States of America date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322711-u6yr8wqh author: Imran, Nazish title: Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322919-5ty35rsy author: Busana, Mattia title: Non‐invasive hemodynamic profile of early COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323141-6z750avb author: Kuroda, Naoto title: Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan date: 2020-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323141-6z750avb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322868-o3r0y6bz author: Williams, E. J. title: Routine measurement of serum procalcitonin allows antibiotics to be safely withheld in patients admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection. date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322787-dbtc0bo3 author: Runkle, Jennifer D. title: Short-term effects of weather parameters on COVID-19 morbidity in select US cities date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323398-4zvs7f6e author: Groshkova, Teodora title: Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322867-1yxxe5d3 author: Hartman, William R title: Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in the Midwest date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323103-55yjl25x author: Waitzkin, Howard title: Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author: Wells, Philippa M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322996-ormqm6dx author: Wells, Rebecca Erwin title: The Value of Headache‐Specific Recommendations During COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author: Garcia, L. P. title: ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323363-mcmce24i author: Wong, Raymond L.M. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322645-ipzntrm2 author: Dutta, Anwesha title: The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323633-d0w8oqp8 author: Banda, J. M. title: Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323507-u28g423o author: Ofosu-Poku, Rasheed title: Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323507-u28g423o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 author: Khurana, Sonal title: Now is the time to press the reset button: Helping India’s companies to become more resilient and effective in overcoming the impacts of COVID-19, climate changes and other crises date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323686-1bmpvmdd author: Vrdoljak, Eduard title: Cancer and COVID-19; how do we manage cancer optimally through a public health crisis? date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323225-ou7pppum author: Mondal, R. N. title: Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323092-j2u0ny2u author: Crosby, James C. title: COVID‐19: A review of therapeutics under investigation date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323314-y3k9dntf author: Aggarwal, Sandeep title: Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323137-8b06u7kt author: Chern, Alexander title: Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323327-08p122lw author: van de Veerdonk, Frank L. title: Blocking IL-1 to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323327-08p122lw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322776-jg8hqlu7 author: Raharja, Antony title: Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323497-9km0i816 author: Jella, Tarun K. title: Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323497-9km0i816.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322838-s82tyeis author: Norden, M. J. title: National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323538-9dlr6kqh author: Malard, Florent title: COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323695-jkik03lb author: Paolo, Gisondi title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323661-rss9litb author: Gressenberger, Paul title: Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323661-rss9litb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322957-clf8f90t author: Crespo, Javier title: Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323570-jpicmqpq author: Dambha-Miller, Hajira title: Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot author: Huang, Fangfang title: A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322866-au76nnzg author: Bleizgys, Andrius title: Vitamin D and COVID‐19: It is time to act date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323446-w2ci1bfr author: Pan, Feng title: Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-02-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323631-r31sfq90 author: Edul, Vanina Siham Kanoore title: Microcirculation alterations in severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323424-86wh4u6l author: Santos, M. M. title: Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322899-uxvlagt3 author: Gorji, Ali title: The potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322980-rembksdr author: Talwar, Shivangi title: Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322980-rembksdr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322966-o65fo853 author: Arnold, Ruth H. title: COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322966-o65fo853.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323923-5j8kowzv author: Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan title: Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323471-stajtsbf author: Kristoffersen, ES title: Hospital-based headache care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark and Norway date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323540-7b2mt1a8 author: García, Leidy Y. title: Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323503-l5skiu2l author: Neri, E. title: Structured reporting of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a consensus proposal date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323468-xn7anxj6 author: Olloquequi, Jordi title: COVID‐19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323421-67r1qmc9 author: Liao, Yunfei title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323751-ofz4htdb author: Liu, Yuzhi title: Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323696-0lq8ql6n author: Bearman, Gonzalo title: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time? date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323775-sonsrf5b author: Franchini, Linda title: Mental Health Services For Mood Disorder Outpatients In Milan During COVID-19 Outbreak: the experience of the health care providers at San Raffaele Hospital date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author: Varatharaj, Aravinthan title: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323603-99d0wv1h author: Nunez Garcia, B. title: Real-world data: Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322660-bis2arbu author: Alexander, Regi title: Guidance for the Treatment and Management of COVID‐19 Among People with Intellectual Disabilities date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1 author: Ciabattini, Annalisa title: Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323690-dp51djtz author: Arora, Alisha title: Understanding Coronaphobia date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj author: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323590-m4jsu1q5 author: Ortiz de Landazuri, Iñaki title: Manufacturing and Management of CAR T-Cell Therapy in “COVID-19’s Time”: Central Versus Point of Care Proposals date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323743-hr23ux58 author: Chen, Xiaofeng title: A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author: Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title: Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323816-3m1iu9j2 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323793-c69joaqs author: Palmieri, V. title: Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323966-vj9za3cx author: Collier, Karole T. title: COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323826-nxst9poy author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323489-ro7kbnu3 author: Arenas, María Dolores title: Protection of nephrology health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323766-oyyj35bl author: Parker, Michael J title: Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323898-054gv684 author: Khan, Anas A. title: Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323898-054gv684.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323898-054gv684.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323898-054gv684.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323809-bocidwg4 author: Patel, Dhwanil title: COVID-19 EXTRAPULMONARY ILLNESS - The Impact of COVID-19 on Nephrology Care date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323934-vew4uxu4 author: Mohanty, S. K. title: Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323676-sp8kys0n author: Valensisi, Giovanni title: COVID-19 and Global Poverty: Are LDCs Being Left Behind? date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323794-p3zjxo1h author: Malik, A. A. title: Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the U.S. date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323906-ro078y52 author: Sardu, Celestino title: Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323906-ro078y52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324300-6iv6c9nw author: Goldstein, Mark R title: Reply: Use of statins in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324075-8r7v0g29 author: Jiang, Yuanyuan title: COVID‐19 affected patients' utilization of dental care service date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323582-7y8pt72r author: Ahamad, Martuza title: A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324159-jv3lknl8 author: Ashraf, Muddasir title: Acute Stroke in a Young Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323666-t7cshj05 author: Cegolon, L. title: Nasal Disinfection for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Scoping Review on Potential Chemo-preventive Agents. date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323965-6mzzibj8 author: Kapoor, Krishan Mohan title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Consensus Guidelines for Preferred Practices in an Aesthetic Clinic date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323981-jo2n51mi author: Yu, Wei title: ACE2 contributes to the maintenance of mouse epithelial barrier function date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323616-53kksp5w author: Wright, L. title: What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults. date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324038-1ub2d92w author: Calvo, Cristina title: Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics() date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324270-8rgkop42 author: Renaud-Picard, Benjamin title: Delayed pulmonary abscess following COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author: Misra, Durga Prasanna title: Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324246-liyk6mna author: Shakoor, Hira title: Be well: A potential role for vitamin B in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324175-5c4ijkpm author: Kassas, Mohamed El title: COVID-19 in Egypt: Through Crisis to Adaptation; a gastroenterologist’s Perspective date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324041-lqokztor author: Saussez, Sven title: Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324041-lqokztor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324210-zpb9jicw author: Russell, Beth title: Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say? date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324035-43jy23ic author: Fronterre, C. title: COVID-19 in England: spatial patterns and regional outbreaks date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324307-2zbm4iwn author: Kam, Kai-qian title: A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load date: 2020-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323910-lms3xw4k author: Putman, Michael title: Antirheumatic Disease Therapies for the Treatment of COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324060-vvexfg1c author: Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. title: When there is a pandemic there is no time to waste: should we have hydroxychloroquine in our armoury against COVID-19 infected patients? date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324316-ulb8d5fe author: Bramstedt, Katrina A. title: Antibodies as Currency: COVID-19’s Golden Passport date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324356-v0bqi5c2 author: Turner, Tari title: The crucible of COVID-19: what the pandemic is teaching us about health research systems date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324204-y8eckkyb author: Stevens, Michael P. title: Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324186-yw5qpbme author: Kovalic, Alexander J. title: Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323943-9916y6x0 author: Platt, Daniel E title: Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321984-qjfkvu6n author: Tang, Lu title: A Review of Multi‐Compartment Infectious Disease Models date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324236-32sxqeko author: Hua, Wenbin title: Work Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgeons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Analysis date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323941-6rdveab3 author: Levine, Diane Thembekile title: Child safety, protection, and safeguarding in the time of COVID-19 in Great Britain: Proposing a conceptual framework date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324245-cfiekxr4 author: Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo title: Prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324304-3hih17gk author: Qarnain, Syed Shuibul title: Review on government action plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324092-ertcvh8x author: Madani, Azzeddine title: The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324368-z1sjukgf author: Lyons, Zaza title: COVID-19 and the mental well-being of Australian medical students: impact, concerns and coping strategies used date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323980-rcyjthze author: Willems, Laurent M. title: SARS-CoV-2-related rapid reorganization of an epilepsy outpatient clinic from personal appointments to telemedicine services: A German single-center experience date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324644-sz5n7a5z author: Rehman, Mahin title: Atypical Manifestation of COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324359-88vy3dre author: Kamara, Foday Mamoud title: How villagers in central Sierra Leone understand infection risks under threat of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324234-3l8n9mhf author: Brennan, John title: Social work, mental health, older people and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324642-uk4ir8po author: Okuhara, Tsuyoshi title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324385-v8onclcc author: Woertz, Eckart title: Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324483-zvj1ttay author: Ganesh, Radhakrishnan title: Management of appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic; short-term outcomes date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324143-ztj6o4ob author: Harper, Craig A. title: Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324725-6xu7q927 author: Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth title: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324615-oqjl3hq2 author: Orendain, Dan Jezreel A. title: Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324557-4u8dja0n author: Leblanc, Jean‐François title: Risk of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 by Transfusion: A Literature Review date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324509-5c6fzdjm author: Huang, Haijun title: The association between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324708-2ypm0d52 author: Kumar, Venkatesan Sampath title: Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown‐early experience from a tertiary centre in India date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324488-be0m5gqh author: Melaku, Tsegaye title: Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323940-ubazgvov author: Cafiero, Concetta title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324498-kl63hglt author: Kwok, Benjamin title: Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324722-hcil0kj3 author: Robbins, Shira L. title: Economic impact on pediatric ophthalmologists in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324387-mnucvmr1 author: Dunn, Michael title: ‘Your country needs you’: the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324794-h08uzro4 author: Kutlu, Ömer title: The explosion in scabies cases during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324776-upfguze6 author: Zhang, Peihua title: Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324776-upfguze6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324265-j3v3i8vm author: Marietta, Marco title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324714-mym5xi23 author: Staunton, Peter title: Regional Trauma Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324727-bj8oei0v author: Zhang, Xiaomei title: Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324565-p3jl1vie author: Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib title: Poor Prognostic Biochemical Markers Predicting Fatalities Caused by COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324752-t50bg7pq author: Lavery, Michael Joseph title: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children (and adults): A virus that does not discriminate date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324983-2fjo664i author: Chaturvedi, Santosh K. title: Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324839-6w9kdhod author: Huang, Jianping title: Global prediction system for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325115-obquz9ve author: Naik, B Naveen title: Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324529-xbrdtxnz author: Wang, Ming title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324676-pz4rg6up author: Stefanini, Giulio G. title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324898-bjxpuqhr author: Lazzeri, Marta title: How Italian respiratory physiotherapists have faced and are facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324198-b8f99z8r author: Allam, Zaheer title: Underlining the Role of Data Science and Technology in Supporting Supply Chains, Political Stability and Health Networks During Pandemics date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324507-w32pe2pz author: Dubé, Mirette title: COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324669-qca0uwxo author: Radermecker, Coraline title: Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324273-fl7k8ubi author: So, M. K. P. title: On Topological Properties of COVID-19: Predicting and Controling Pandemic Risk with Network Statistics date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325042-fp6pib7u author: Sheng, Lingshuang title: Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324185-zt88o3co author: Sovacool, Benjamin K. title: Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325128-r53up0ug author: Diamantis, Sylvain title: SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the “confinement disease” is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325186-nq6ay4eo author: Sieswerda, Elske title: Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – An evidence based guideline date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325001-5zd6fydo author: Sinkala, M. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325231-hclp7br3 author: Patel, Zara M title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325274-krmr4d6h author: Vulliamy, Paul title: Acute aorto‐iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324857-ll3xmk3i author: Jenkins, Louis S. title: The evolving role of family physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis: An appreciative reflection date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324405-6uanhe2p author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325161-6ghu34m1 author: Michot, Jean-Marie title: Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324364-9p04oeac author: Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325152-ffmo67hm author: Siddiqui, Raheel S title: Onset of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324809-16zvqizl author: Mehta, Neil title: Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325021-rv5fsitx author: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324707-9ld73wv1 author: Mitjà, Oriol title: Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults with Mild Covid-19: A Randomized-Controlled Trial date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324366-x3djkzqn author: Hao, Fei title: COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325019-hznnoxw6 author: Benavides-Cordoba, Vicente title: Drug Repositioning for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325241-paztcjm2 author: Triki, Haitham title: Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324993-hs66uf1u author: Adwibowo, A. title: Flattening the COVID 19 curve in susceptible forest indigenous tribes using SIR model date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325226-8zrtjuwf author: Biswas, Raaj Kishore title: Underreporting COVID-19: the curious case of the Indian subcontinent date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325352-k7aapnx3 author: Manivel, Vijay title: CLUE: COVID‐19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department. date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324619-y7gilopu author: Alam, S.B. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 may be an underappreciated pathogen of the central nervous system date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324553-qd8249w3 author: Cadegiani, F. A. title: An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial. date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325014-n7mnhk2v author: Gujski, Mariusz title: Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020 date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325319-4n2g87hx author: nan title: Read, use and cite date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324856-hf969tav author: Abir, Tanvir title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324856-hf969tav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325173-2jw15w28 author: Zhang, K. title: Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325435-b64ijw5o author: Reddy, Pavan Kumar title: Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325141-x3txhjkr author: Grech, Victor title: Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese Healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325558-xpr54hvo author: Cral, Wilson Gustavo title: COVID-19 and oral radiology date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325476-38lg4a1u author: Rossman, Hagai title: A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325391-tgli4k5i author: Perez, Tamra title: Conducting clinical research in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324919-ciamusjs author: Scialo, Filippo title: ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325448-rvamjcmx author: Bianco, F. title: Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325565-cz9f65ca author: Heederik, Dick J.J. title: Go slow to go fast: A plea for sustained scientific rigor in air pollution research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325055-todb1d4x author: Rychter, Anna Maria title: Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325531-riftp8g6 author: Bhatta, Sabita title: New-Onset Seizure as the Only Presentation in a Child With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325293-nwxtyrpl author: Akhtar, Hubba title: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325593-ww2vq3n4 author: Hendren, Nicholas S. title: Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325197-j1uo8qmf author: Crimi, Ettore title: Epigenetic susceptibility to severe respiratory viral infections: pathogenic and therapeutic implications: a narrative review date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325421-1ysn0kyr author: Christensen, Johanna title: Covid-19 Viremia, Serologies and Clinical Course in a Case Series of Transplant Recipients date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325512-eehp4uh9 author: Li, Yiwei title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324528-517vb02n author: Zhang, Mo title: Terminator or accelerator? Lessons from the peer-to-peer accommodation hosts in China in responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324528-517vb02n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325309-c9zuh7xs author: Stickley, A. title: COVID-19 preventive behaviors among people with anxiety and depression: Findings from Japan date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325784-zs1qmfjy author: Sher, Leo title: Are COVID-19 survivors at increased risk for suicide? date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325307-agaau27o author: Giavedoni, Priscila title: Skin Manifestations in COVID-19: Prevalence and Relationship with Disease Severity date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325307-agaau27o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325631-c7jwizpj author: Masetti, Chiara title: High mortality in COVID‐19 patients with mild respiratory disease date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325315-m3do6t1j author: Rossi, Carlo Maria title: A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine: are these two partners in crime? date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325313-yj25zkx6 author: Diao, Bo title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325553-ilx9j89c author: Bakhoum, M. F. title: Subclinical ocular inflammation in persons recovered from ambulatory COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325324-kh2aal5n author: Teng, Shaolei title: ACE2 Enhance Viral Infection or Viral Infection Aggravate the Underlying Diseases date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325619-qmszgw66 author: Ferrari, Andrea title: Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325833-gn4ftbzo author: Lepre, Luca title: Acute care surgery and post‐operative COVID‐19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325755-n7vjjw9r author: Rai, Deependra Kumar title: Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis- Is it real threat? date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325129-faptufak author: Meini, Simone title: Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key? date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325129-faptufak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325129-faptufak.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325129-faptufak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326089-8234mcdk author: Sweid, Ahmad title: Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325109-zi1qm589 author: Ara, Tasnim title: Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325534-psv7v78z author: Sangalli, Davide title: A single-centre experience of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325729-2c7btqpl author: Larrouquere, Louis title: Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325077-j77wbcr3 author: Prado-Gascó, Vicente title: Stay at Home and Teach: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial Risks Between Spain and Mexico During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325449-fl6ob5ja author: Wang, Jing title: COVID-19 and diabetes: the contributions of hyperglycemia date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326010-8f891ocp author: Wang, Yibin title: Using “old” medications to fight new COVID-19: Re-purposing with a purpose date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325669-6kjlcakt author: Fogacci, Silvia title: Management of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in patients infected with SARS CoV-2: pharmacological and clinical issues date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324859-0yuhb5dl author: Mulchandani, Rubina title: Deciphering the COVID‐19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325628-pa3dkz2f author: Wang, Jinsong title: Strategy for treating vascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325235-uupiv7wh author: Makris, A. title: COVID-19 detection from chest X-Ray images using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325460-4fhegc0z author: Jacobs, Werner title: Fatal lymphocytic cardiac damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): autopsy reveals a ferroptosis signature date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author: Kanekar, Amar title: COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325793-5vrr7msw author: Lahiry, Anup K. title: Dermatosurgery Practice and Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by IADVL SIG Dermatosurgery (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325649-zzhsrytw author: Rispoli, Rossella title: Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325026-k514rh8g author: Parlapani, Eleni title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325645-rvj4b26t author: Dumas, Tara M. title: What Does Adolescent Substance Use Look Like During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Changes in Frequency, Social Contexts, and Pandemic-Related Predictors date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325778-y5miy24f author: Quigley, Ashley L. title: Estimating the Burden of COVID-19 on the Australian Healthcare Workers and Health System date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325948-wszd7pq4 author: Bhasin, Ajay title: Is BMI higher in younger patients with COVID‐19? Association between BMI and COVID‐19 hospitalization by age date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325971-volbaipv author: Neupane, Karun title: Potential Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Pharmacological Development Efforts date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325971-volbaipv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author: Lapidus, Nathanael title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325794-lir8ht2i author: Kinar, Y. title: Predicting individual risk for COVID19 complications using EMR data date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325896-vbwo2djw author: Dirlikov, Emilio title: CDC Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 Emergency Public Health Response — United States, January 21–July 25, 2020 date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325901-gucnce1f author: Juanjuan, Li title: Patient reported outcomes of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in the epicenter of China: A cross sectional survey study date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326023-vwukiwe4 author: Leung, Char title: Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: a review of clinical data in China date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326029-oya0fc6d author: Fuentenebro, Pablo title: Will philanthropy save us all? Rethinking urban philanthropy in a time of crisis date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325453-5eskj42c author: Haider, Najmul title: The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326113-r5a7qoks author: Mellis, Alexandra M. title: COVID-19-related treatment service disruptions among people with single- and polysubstance use concerns date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326154-01es0zv4 author: Aggarwal, Gaurav title: Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325956-1kxxg0s9 author: Potluri, Rahul title: Making sense of the Global Coronavirus Data: The role of testing rates in understanding the pandemic and our exit strategy date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325788-63jkyx6g author: Haddad, Chadia title: Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325436-pp3q022y author: Alkhatib, Ahmad title: Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325933-1qvpofvp author: Samrah, Shaher M title: Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325559-di8lljoi author: Cappello, Francesco title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325799-v1egyqt4 author: Sher, Leo title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325869-3mvjc805 author: Silvestris, Nicola title: A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave? date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326051-p9017jx8 author: Lopes, Agnaldo José title: Comparison Between Lung Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Findings in Patients With COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326413-rhvsdpyk author: Nuzzolese, Emilio title: Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326058-x40l8ljx author: Thompson, H. A. title: The projected impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal: A modelling study date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326400-yl3pisxt author: Bansal, Devanshu title: Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325862-rohhvq4h author: Zhang, Yong title: Applicability of time fractional derivative models for simulating the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326085-2dt758qj author: Patanavanich, Roengrudee title: Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326150-cf4rlqe5 author: Carrascosa, J M title: Manifestaciones cutáneas en el contexto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325988-of3exw6a author: Salman, Muhammad title: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326171-xr2ufvyv author: Bhoori, Sherrie title: COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326189-41t2sshy author: García-Colón, Ismael title: The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325938-hb6fvgem author: Dobler, Claudia C. title: Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326210-216atclj author: Sturmberg, Joachim P. title: COVID‐19 – how a pandemic reveals that everything is connected to everything else date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326210-216atclj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326210-216atclj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326210-216atclj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326600-wg1o85zq author: Westley, Suzanne title: Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326169-delehk6x author: CJ Jorgensen, Sarah title: Baricitinib: A review of pharmacology, safety and emerging clinical experience in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326169-delehk6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326406-n0qi6gs8 author: Creed, Marina title: Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326321-9n345vyu author: Moreno, Cinthia Baldallo title: Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326421-ng1uhwgs author: Zalesky, C. Christopher title: Emergency Medicine Physician Work Environments During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326427-06djb0sd author: Cao, Dongmei title: Vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19: report of two cases date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326148-9wpxm5of author: Van Walle, I. title: Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326565-s62inw07 author: Shacham, E. title: Association of County-Wide Mask Ordinances with Reductions in Daily CoVID-19 Incident Case Growth in a Midwestern Region Over 12 Weeks date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326565-s62inw07.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326526-evms6810 author: nan title: Practice Notes from the AAAI date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326526-evms6810.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326526-evms6810.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-326526-evms6810.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326354-fhafg41x author: Pesavento, Raffaele title: The hazard of (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants in non‐critically ill patients with Covid‐19: the Padua province experience date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326081-9gh6tj7g author: Jaiswal, A. K. title: COVIDPEN: A Novel COVID-19 Detection Model using Chest X-Rays and CT Scans date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326709-zr3ju2rz author: Allali, Gilles title: Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326527-j6ihs6jx author: Walker, Graham title: Psychological Defence Mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Series date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325726-65xxevp3 author: Patel, Piyush title: Role of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Application COVID-19 Scenario: INDIA Case study date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326331-g4o3forj author: Rai, Ansaar T title: Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326506-8jckdecg author: Chandratre, Sonal title: Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326635-sdybzl1w author: Valika, Taher S. title: Return to Normalcy? Principles on Resuming Surgical Services in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326622-r77kqshi author: Civil, Ian D title: Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326798-5j8otrzs author: Guisado-Vasco, Pablo title: COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: NF-kB activation. Crossroads date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326393-gxy1w0qk author: Martino, Marcello Di title: CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326509-1cpybatu author: Varkey, Rittu S. title: Socioeconomic determinants of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: An empirical analysis date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326626-ixxk6plf author: Akhtar, Naveed title: Characteristics and Comparison of 32 COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Ischemic Strokes and historical stroke patients. date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326220-uosjmht0 author: Gaskell, Jen title: Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326348-3zc62lin author: Bachtiger, P. title: Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326355-oyspjx20 author: Auðardóttir, Auður Magndís title: Chaos ruined the children’s sleep, diet and behaviour: Gendered discourses on family life in pandemic times date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326839-nhzasi5a author: Ferreli, Fabio title: Clinical presentation at the onset of COVID-19 and Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326687-9duu5bbz author: Montastruc, Jean-Louis title: Serious adverse drug reactions with hydroxychloroquine: a pharmacovigilance study in Vigibase® date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326468-xcy7v1tf author: Mehta, R. M. title: A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326497-458mnekj author: Schaible, Jan title: Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326497-458mnekj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326369-ur67a7jv author: Kokane, P. P. title: Understanding the Incidence of Covid-19 among the police force in Maharashtra through a mixed approach date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326752-45ckkv01 author: Barnett, Brian title: Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326692-kq903zbo author: Boehning, Dankmar title: Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326945-fvgc33qx author: Babapoor-Farrokhran, Savalan title: Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326821-x6comwwl author: Castelli, Roberto title: Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326636-l41qzggh author: Fudulu, Daniel P. title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325966-0g7a9s5z author: Shih, Hsin-I. title: Fighting COVID-19: a quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326618-0ci9irxl author: Chien, Lung-Chang title: COVID-19 Outbreak, Mitigation, and Governance in High Prevalent Countries date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326717-sebzbijm author: Quereshy, Humzah A. title: “Hot zones” for otolaryngologists: Assessing the geographic distribution of aerosol-generating procedures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326339-46imi33v author: Tang, A. C. Y. title: Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326339-46imi33v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326568-twv2i3fb author: Bruminhent, Jackrapong title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients under investigation in Thailand date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326843-ehw4x5vv author: Sellal, François title: Manifestations neurologiques dans la pandémie de Covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326532-2ehuuvnx author: Götzinger, Florian title: COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326632-botshfa1 author: Abolfotouh, Mostafa A. title: Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326632-botshfa1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326574-ke0iktly author: Chew, Alton Ming Kai title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326820-11sl17ap author: Bousquet, Jean title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326185-gjte739i author: Mukherjee, Pratik title: Adaptability and responsiveness: keys to operational measures in a regional hospital radiology department during the current COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326185-gjte739i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326852-gm98s8a3 author: Teo, Wan-Yee title: Implications for Border Containment Strategies when COVID-19 Presents Atypically date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt Content-Encoding IBM855 Content-Type text/plain; charset=IBM855 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327017-b2refzfw author: Elbeddini, Ali title: Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326718-jboiufoq author: Deming, Meagan E. title: COVID-19 and Lessons to Be Learned from Prior Coronavirus Outbreaks date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326853-miyvn7vd author: Chien, Lung-Chang title: Meteorological impacts on the incidence of COVID-19 in the U.S. date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326849-vqpwdlj7 author: Rao US, Vishal title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19 date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326805-c5co9cfq author: Lin, Shi-hui title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326272-ya3r0h1t author: Dobesh, Paul P. title: Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326744-eled2tgo author: Millett, Gregorio A. title: White Counties Stand Apart: The Primacy of Residential Segregation in COVID-19 and HIV Diagnoses date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327003-2z0ftel0 author: Makurumidze, Richard title: Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326643-obfvi3ms author: Lo Giudice, Roberto title: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327219-gj3otwzj author: Gale, Robert Peter title: Conquest of COVID‐19. Publish it to Death? date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326969-4f9djufi author: Stein, Richard A. title: When Public Health Crises Collide: Social Disparities and COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326173-3x435v6q author: Beck, Matthew J. title: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326903-t2cx2ju5 author: Zhou, J. title: Altered blood cell traits underlie a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326708-92lsnv4g author: Craig, J. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326866-nbd4arhx author: Fox, Charles W. title: The representation of women as authors of submissions to ecology journals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327148-dzozl70h author: Tahmassebi, Ramon title: Reflections from London’s Level-1 Major Trauma Centres during the COVID crisis date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326834-eeldyj2u author: Graziani, Desirée title: Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327169-sz4ildnd author: Mondoni, Michele title: Utility and safety of bronchoscopy during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy: a retrospective, multicenter study date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327242-g3pfc94x author: Nepomnyashchiy, Lyudmila title: COVID-19: Africa needs unprecedented attention to strengthen community health systems date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326989-l8nfd03a author: Cammarota, Gianmaria title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326996-va073yuz author: Sang, Ling title: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326996-va073yuz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327058-7cnuem33 author: Wong, Anna S. Y. title: Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326991-m0lfk0a9 author: Nuñez, Jorge H. title: Rethinking Trauma Hospital Services in one of Spain's Largest University Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. How can we organize and help? Our experience. date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326874-rdwvsm4s author: Wu, Chaomin title: Corticosteroid therapy for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort study with propensity score analysis date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327214-kcbxyhhh author: Eketunde, Adenike O title: A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326831-dvg0isgt author: Muhammad, L. J. title: Predictive Data Mining Models for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infected Patients’ Recovery date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327028-dbvucvy3 author: Zhang, Cantong title: Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326881-3j2e92dj author: Vassallo, M. title: Patients with Covid-19 exhibit different immunological profiles according to their clinical presentation date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327106-drwvzw5l author: Eyawo, Oghenowede title: Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327232-oavox35v author: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title: Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327232-oavox35v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327006-m847xdzk author: Di Castelnuovo, A. title: Low dose hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 26 studies and 44,521 patients date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327032-4bet4e8l author: Khan, S. H. title: Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327394-mwbmi88i author: Edwards, Jodi-Ann title: Lessons Learned at a COVID-19 designated hospital date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326956-oz047qmf author: Lu, Yiping title: Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327284-j6cg7nf0 author: Meireles, André Luís Ferreira title: Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326961-ti6mrzxf author: Aly, Mariam Mohsen title: Impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Egyptian dentists’ fear and dental practice (a cross-sectional survey) date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326584-io2f52kn author: Killeen, G. title: Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327253-gge6wzly author: Villa, Simone title: Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327415-nu1msnui author: Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette title: COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327084-r12copka author: Zhang, Chenxi title: Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327084-r12copka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327084-r12copka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327084-r12copka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327578-9r1fxfn4 author: Bluro, Ignacio Martín title: ‘Cardiovascular Pandemic’ in Argentina date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326498-8oa5gkrp author: Gemmati, Donato title: COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327486-hu1clc79 author: Cobianchi, Lorenzo title: To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 during the Transition Phase date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326916-bakwk4tm author: Fauver, Joseph R. title: Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326971-jekqhslx author: Schnepper, Rebekka title: Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327370-zo0n8wf6 author: Vadukul, Prakash title: Massive pulmonary embolism following recovery from COVID-19 infection: inflammation, thrombosis and the role of extended thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327403-adwj2xq7 author: Speth, Marlene M. title: Mood, anxiety and olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19: evidence of central nervous system involvement? date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327151-jn1w8h2p author: Walker, Kate F title: Maternal transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327388-26ot3cuy author: Lu, Amy title: The Tipping Point of Medical Technology: Implications for the Postpandemic Era date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327086-u3l8nr73 author: Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck title: Estradiol, Progesterone, Immunomodulation, and COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327257-doygrgrc author: Zhu, Jocelyn title: Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327397-8rxjju0t author: Zhang, H.-Y. title: A Multicentre Study of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outcomes of Cancer Patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327165-vlyfbiem author: Montorfano, Lisandro title: Colorectal surgery obesity-related morbidity during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327504-4kf9mgy8 author: Sklar, David P. title: COVID-19: Lessons From the Disaster That Can Improve Health Professions Education date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author: M, Montero-Baladía title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327600-xa6uibi8 author: Roland, Lauren T. title: In Reply: Challenges in interpreting the diagnostic performance of symptoms to predict COVID‐19 status: the case of anosmia date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326017-qw4qynqv author: Laskar, Partha title: “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327432-ogw27tob author: Zhang, Feng-jian title: Expert Consensus on Nurses’ Human Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Different Sites date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327543-kibjwfad author: Ong, S. J. title: SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327586-06r1ifuy author: Zhao, Yue title: Atypical Computed Tomography Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327629-ep28ay11 author: Herron, J.B.T. title: Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327653-2gn9h4i2 author: Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário title: The challenges of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Amazonian communities and the importance of seroepidemiological surveillance studies date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327438-c5gzlfwi author: Mui, Leonora W. title: Thromboembolic complications of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327301-5eko4htz author: Li, Yang title: Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328053-urw0ry2n author: Mira, Estefanía title: Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327511-e3idvknz author: Trifan, G. title: Characteristics of a Diverse Cohort of Stroke Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Outcome by Sex date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327652-tn29r8lj author: Fretheim, Atle title: Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020 date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327363-z30zoogs author: Neve, D. title: On Modeling of COVID-19 for the Indian Subcontinent using Polynomial and Supervised Learning Regression date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327181-z7uqmxki author: Nodora, Jesse N title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Identifying Adaptive Solutions for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Underserved Communities date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327442-e02y93f6 author: Kastritis, Efstathios title: Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327827-oliw4ee5 author: Sweid, Ahmad title: Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327787-vlbpijqg author: Casalino, Giuseppe title: Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327360-4qpk99x9 author: Elsawah, Hozaifa Khalil title: Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐severe COVID‐19 patients; systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327349-rxb6zfoc author: Au, Lewis title: Cancer, COVID-19, and antiviral immunity: the CAPTURE study date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327413-zdbnoy1q author: Bendjelid, Karim title: Hemodynamic monitoring of Covid-19 patients. Classical methods and new paradigms date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327770-4u250y8x author: Bajwa, Ali title: What the papers say date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327628-fl8dyahe author: Yuan, Qi title: Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327779-lt3t4shi author: Gilad, Vered title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Italy: A Physician’s Experience and Insights date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327632-2hz94uuw author: Lv, Na title: Management of oral medicine emergencies during COVID-19: A study to develop practice guidelines date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327906-m00ua3x1 author: Pantanetti, Paola title: Potential role of incretins in diabetes and COVID-19 infection: a hypothesis worth exploring date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327720-m6cofbj6 author: Chakrabarti, Amitabha title: Understanding the practice of thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327989-6p39cx2e author: Everaert, Bert title: Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327481-m9r0p84v author: Duployez, Nicolas title: Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327544-7ws2kleo author: Hammoumi, Aayah title: Impact assessment of containment measure against COVID-19 spread in Morocco date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328039-xt17gvcp author: Olson, Michael C. title: RadioGraphics Update: Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability in the Abdomen and Pelvis—Findings in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327575-5pcnuqgy author: Morrisette, Taylor title: The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327697-80msva10 author: Sarı, Cenk title: The outcomes of the postulated interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system on the clinician’s attitudes toward hypertension treatment date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327697-80msva10.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327697-80msva10.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327697-80msva10.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author: Lee, Sang M. title: Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327595-00fxzyhq author: nan title: American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327631-mqr5fd40 author: Sullivan, Amy B title: The COVID-19 Crisis: A Mental Health Perspective and Response Using Telemedicine date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327607-g0jtrwot author: Weinberg, Marc Scott title: Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328011-6lf3no6u author: Zayed, Hatem title: Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327842-5h54azyy author: Ertan, Deniz title: COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328455-kg2pg8y2 author: Wong, S.-C. title: Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327776-bxpay7ic author: Sayari, Arash J. title: Personal Health of Spine Surgeons Can Impact Perceptions, Decision-Making and Healthcare Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Worldwide Study date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327764-4nlg26p5 author: Sun, Da-wei title: The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: a sentinel? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327821-c6ncyge7 author: Rosemary HM Lim, Dr title: The experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers with medication management during the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327836-6o66a4i5 author: Zuily, S title: Thrombose artérielle et veineuse au cours du COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328319-vsyu5y45 author: Maracaja, Luiz title: How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327924-q29lgopf author: Johnson, Jared title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fellowship Training: A National Survey of Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327650-6afsk8ix author: Ward, Jeremy K. title: The French public's attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327622-ezgufe24 author: Kaur, Ramandeep title: Practical strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission to healthcare professionals providing respiratory care to patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328163-kytnsrkq author: Zhang, Jin-nong title: Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission—A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328062-84pdw6p3 author: Hendl, Tereza title: Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327886-vvm1gfku author: Burstyn, Igor title: Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327933-u0fcs3yg author: Doná, Daniele title: Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID‐19 pandemic: early impact on activity and healthcare date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327894-b0bsseui author: Pecellín, Lidia Gestoso title: Recomendaciones y uso de los diferentes tipos de test para detección de infección por SARS-COV-2 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328307-378cfb23 author: Shirazi, Samira title: Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328307-378cfb23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327616-uu9uygic author: Wazny, Vanessa title: Vascular underpinning of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327976-pwe95zoi author: Singh, Dr Shweta title: Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328409-px92ff89 author: Hornuss, Daniel title: COVID-19-assoziierte Pneumonie trotz persistierend negativen PCR-Tests aus oropharyngealen Abstrichen date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328409-px92ff89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328104-triub2h6 author: Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title: Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328104-triub2h6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328036-tjm6sm6a author: Pai, Esha title: Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328200-96tirrck author: Llorente-Parrado, C. title: Modelo de evaluación del plan de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328200-96tirrck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327963-dqsg84e5 author: Tang, Suqin title: Mental Health and Its Correlates among Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 School Closure: The Importance of Parent-Child Discussion date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328376-hxl3xfyl author: Giordano, Arturo title: Management of Structural Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328071-ulj2gtn3 author: Sattari, Mahtab title: Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328113-eczjjc2v author: D’Alessandro, Angelo title: Serum Proteomics in COVID-19 Patients: Altered Coagulation and Complement Status as a Function of IL-6 Level date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328169-ntg7b621 author: Sun, Haiying title: Comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnoses for older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan: a retrospective study date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328220-toeq4xq0 author: Smith, Kelly title: Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328548-5kjq9xqs author: Oliveira J. e Silva, Lucas title: Flexibilization of Science, Cognitive Biases, and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328214-2azb8789 author: Piper-Vallillo, Andrew J. title: COVID-19 Infection in a Lung Cancer Patient Population: Incidence, Presentation and Alternative Diagnostic Considerations date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328214-2azb8789.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328718-j9p7ahl8 author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Skin cancer and COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328321-7e37hhia author: Olapoju, Olabisi Michael title: Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328040-5qd05e4r author: Zhao, Xin-Ying title: Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328267-tk0zc8il author: Liu, Qiao title: Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328147-61gtx2h2 author: Lopez-Mendez, Ivan title: Association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328352-l1q4uvxl author: Borlongan, Mia C. title: The Disillusioned Comfort with COVID-19 and the Potential of Convalescent Plasma and Cell Therapy date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328657-rlrs7spv author: Park, Jay J H title: Clinical trials of disease stages in COVID 19: complicated and often misinterpreted date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328487-glwslgjy author: Iannaccone, Sandro title: ROLE OF REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT FOR ADULT COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL OF MILAN date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328786-gkd9xcxa author: Mohammad, Laila Malani title: Necessity of brain imaging in COVID-19 infected patients presenting with acute neurological deficits date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328601-gi6rr2np author: Degiorgio, Sophie title: COVID-19 related acute decline in paediatric admissions in Malta, a population-based study date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328484-4iptwc3n author: Li, Tao title: Clinical Characteristics of 312 Hospitalized Older Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328556-sop1yjv7 author: Carrion, D M title: Evaluación de las Tendencias y Presentación Clínica de Pacientes con Cólico Nefrítico que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias Durante la Era Pandémica del COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328607-lzai90zq author: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection – Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328826-guqc5866 author: Wissel, Benjamin D title: An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328826-guqc5866.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328667-r5w09lb6 author: Schwartz, David A title: The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328693-xf2w570s author: Lee, Delice Weishan title: Intubation outside of the operating room: new challenges and opportunities in COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329096-oitxf0fp author: Poorolajal, Jalal title: Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Worldwide date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329292-n1aw0lyx author: Guven, Fadime title: Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328384-jzfr2t3p author: Mudatsir, Mudatsir title: Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329055-ftwlmi7w author: Costa, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da title: Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328814-s3963anw author: XU, Jing title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328814-s3963anw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328562-g5i838b3 author: Niles, Meredith T. title: The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329219-7mfi16rd author: Gisondi, P. title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329051-gmwgb32g author: Kuo, C.-L. title: ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author: Zhou, Fuling title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328698-eeg1k5a6 author: Detoc, Maëlle title: Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328810-ifovibzi author: Drefahl, Sven title: A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328569-1lx3fkv3 author: Bagate, François title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328645-twl80ql1 author: Stickley, Andrew title: Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328640-4g7revha author: Douedi, Steven title: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328640-4g7revha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329123-ytezkugu author: Santi, Aura Daniella title: Atrial fibrillation in a child with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328289-3h3kmjlz author: Iadecola, Costantino title: Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328396-p2gvpe8i author: Kaur, Savneet title: The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329253-z6okp606 author: Levine, Ross L. title: COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329253-z6okp606.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329351-g9qlo3xh author: Toraih, Eman A. title: Association of cardiac biomarkers and comorbidities with increased mortality, severity, and cardiac injury in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐regression and Decision tree analysis date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328908-2004vp48 author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328908-2004vp48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329193-xuxbqbsf author: Park, Soo-kyung title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples from Patients with Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329363-kaw3h5xm author: Vardeny, Orly title: Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328987-ntu1wdzg author: Teng, Yi-Man title: Life or Livelihood? Mental Health Concerns for Quarantine Hotel Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329010-n0mz098o author: McKee, Dwight L. title: Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329353-0pwgzeec author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329350-qrxl5o1e author: Pan, Angelo title: Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329412-pzv4dzow author: Massaad, Elie title: Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328395-2cakgmsj author: Oxford, Alexandra E. title: Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329384-uvgwth5n author: Milligan, Gregory P. title: Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in COVID-19 Related Respiratory Illness date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328696-ydhgzkzv author: Caro-Dominguez, Pablo title: Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328988-q6j2njm8 author: Tocto-Erazo, M. title: Lockdown, relaxation, and ACME period in COVID-19: A study of disease dynamics on Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329152-1ixylnny author: Gupta, Shaili title: Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: experience from department of medicine at Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329088-tcqp8qd2 author: Leng, C title: From chaos to a new norm: The Birmingham experience of restructuring the largest plastics department in the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329482-haenltxn author: Small, Eusebius title: Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-329482-haenltxn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author: Bozkurt, Ozan title: Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329779-5sauq4gp author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: In Reply – Association of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers with Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329308-ipui7lo6 author: Lim, Soo title: Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329268-0zhabgkt author: Savoia, E. title: Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329453-ry1diso2 author: Hammer, Mark M. title: Radiologist Reporting and Operational Management for Patients with Suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329542-srls2syv author: Ma, Alice title: Stroke and Thromboprophylaxis in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329542-srls2syv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author: Lemke, Michael Kenneth title: Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329713-dqmvpqtd author: Pasin, Laura title: Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329224-t45bedot author: Byrnes, Yasmeen M. title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national survey study date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329224-t45bedot.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329293-jlrzu0wl author: Ayanlade, Ayansina title: COVID-19 and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: implications of lockdown during agricultural planting seasons date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329737-l8u4s73w author: Liew, Yixin title: Antimicrobial stewardship program, a vital resource for hospitals during the global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329543-gbfkce7n author: Tetteh, Hassan A title: A Leader’s Guide to Crisis Communication: Lessons from Ebola for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329671-f6x3if3q author: Hai, Shaikh title: Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author: Zhu, Hongjun title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329853-kf3kh26y author: Trimarchi, Hernán title: Eculizumab, SARS-CoV-2 and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328747-bf687r6j author: St‐Denis, Xavier title: Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329534-deoyowto author: McBryde, Emma S. title: Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329534-deoyowto.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329323-1cquorhs author: Ko, Jean Y title: Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329727-h47q76y8 author: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329215-awxfetdj author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: invasive ventilation date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329312-bvnky9yr author: Alemany-Arrebola, Inmaculada title: Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330120-xd9l948d author: van Dyck, Laura I. title: Combating Heightened Social Isolation of Nursing Home Elders: The Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak Program date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329499-jh4pbqxu author: Leulseged, T. W. title: COVID-19 in Hospitalized Ethiopian Children: Characteristics and Outcome Profile date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329852-5lr7yirs author: Monaco, Andrea title: Awareness and Impact of Non Pharmaceutical Interventions during COVID-19 Pandemic in Renal Transplant Recipients. date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329989-176cvimy author: Federico, Antonio title: Scientific publishing in the COVID-19 era: successes and pitfalls date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329989-176cvimy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329898-g6og7oid author: Song, Rok title: COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities: Experience in Republic of Korea date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329947-so64wlo2 author: Poggiali, Erika title: COVID-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumothorax: A Frightening Triad date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328957-mzi8504f author: Lazebnik, T. title: The signature features of COVID-19 pandemic in a hybrid mathematical model - implications for optimal work-school lockdown policy date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330063-rigpx36k author: Williams, Owain Hedd title: Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328646-msut5gyc author: Brown, Amy title: Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329770-tz8dwgzm author: Hamer, Mark title: Lifestyle Risk Factors, Inflammatory Mechanisms, and COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Community-Based Cohort Study of 387,109 Adults in UK date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328916-j2ztk2hk author: Queiroz, Maciel M. title: Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329863-r2vqsg5r author: Salamanna, Francesca title: Overt and non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation and the potential role of heparin in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329628-2bqrutrt author: Zhao, Xiaofang title: Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330074-5iqqgy65 author: Patel, Smit D. title: Malignant Cerebral Ischemia in A COVID-19 Infected Patient: Case Review and Histopathological Findings date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329766-9bwdb6o2 author: Liu, Xiaofan title: Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330151-7ylnxtcq author: Fang, Shilin title: Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329626-lsbny5to author: Losada-Baltar, Andrés title: “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329344-06uk5sjp author: Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka title: COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329580-eef8mem7 author: Rutter, Matthew D title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329821-psv2kvfa author: Rascado Sedes, P. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19() date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329536-3xsncmyi author: Passos, Lígia title: Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329796-h7ins2a8 author: Coombe, J. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive health of people living in Australia: findings from an online survey date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329900-lq91rb8c author: Seiffert, Moritz title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328181-b2o05j3j author: Nunez-Corrales, S. title: The Epidemiology Workbench: a Tool for Communities to Strategize in Response to COVID-19 and other Infectious Diseases date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329561-4cz2jtt7 author: Ismael, F. title: Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330089-926y1hfj author: Russo, Vincenzo title: Effect of Triple Combination Therapy With Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine on QT Interval and Arrhythmic Risk in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329939-spa16qhz author: Miranda, Eduardo P. title: Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330129-izr62c68 author: Omer, Sumaira title: Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330129-izr62c68.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329996-f2hxpat3 author: Wahlster, Sarah title: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330061-q4xi260z author: Ferreira, João Guimarães title: Pneumothorax as a late complication of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329855-pr7g6ivu author: Kalfaoglu, Bahire title: T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 infection revealed by single-cell analysis date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330104-wgo4pml6 author: Farrugia, Gianrico title: Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330022-n3d130t8 author: Pan, Daniel title: The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330395-2qoyrqmj author: Huq, Samin title: COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330126-sny9w9y8 author: Deng, Fuxue title: Corticosteroids in diabetes patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330159-vm30ohrb author: Beretta, Federica title: Practical Considerations for the Management of Cushing's Disease and COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330136-o8df8szx author: Fan, Hua title: Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329925-p4hfqath author: JunziShi title: Radiology workload changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for staff redeployment date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330205-hj0o33xo author: Garrido, Isabel title: “Cirrhosis management in a major referral center during COVID-19” date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330346-9zi5culm author: Uddin Chowdhury, Md Reaz title: COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330388-lq6fsl9i author: Adam, E. J. title: COVID-19: could CT provide the best population level biomarker? Incidental COVID-19 in major trauma patients suggests higher than predicted rates of infection in London date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329912-4tbwk8cp author: Loveday, Chey title: Prioritisation by FIT to mitigate the impact of delays in the 2-week wait colorectal cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK modelling study date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330411-hg1cxcs7 author: Keddie, S. title: Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and management date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330641-pxvc2nw5 author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: Should atrial fibrillation be considered a cardiovascular risk factor for a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330299-fcqtstpk author: Tsuchiya, Atsunori title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330093-asba80bi author: Leung, Janice M. title: Smoking, ACE-2 and COVID-19: ongoing controversies date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330093-asba80bi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330017-t14o7rua author: Galiero, Raffaele title: The Importance of Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329985-5rji08p7 author: Robba, Chiara title: Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330050-05nnihst author: Li, Yang title: Emergency trauma care during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330050-05nnihst.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330655-crfj5adf author: Haider, Asim title: COVID-19 and the Brain: Acute Encephalitis as a Clinical Manifestation date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330261-8sb9sc7o author: Sahoo, D. P. title: Hospital based contact tracing of COVID-19 patients and health care workers and risk stratification of exposed health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern India date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330464-j4o7m9ck author: Ng, Jun Jie title: Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330656-y6m47tq4 author: Seo, Eunhye title: Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330545-jrmott3i author: Abuzeineh, Mohammad title: Telemedicine in the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: Case Reports date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330658-vp8fcy1a author: Hale, Molly title: Outbreak Investigation of COVID-19 in Hospital Food Service Workers date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330550-cxdrac0o author: Canonico, Mario Enrico title: The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330478-g9n2mfni author: Hattenbach, Lars-Olof title: Krisenstrategien der Kliniken während der Pandemie date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330492-kbob8z48 author: Vervoort, Dominique title: Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329953-8nq7fvfh author: Le Grange, Lesley title: Covid-19 pandemic and the prospects of education in South Africa date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330369-75cotmn2 author: López, Verónica title: Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330431-9txstz4n author: Nomikos, Iakovos N title: What Else but Covid-19 Pandemic? Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330320-27dj69i1 author: Valitutti, Francesco title: Effect of Population Lockdown on Pediatric Emergency Room Demands in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330461-4bncbqsb author: Warth, Lucian C. title: How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author: Bowden, Kasey title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330607-zn4urrxc author: Chi, Qiong title: Differential diagnosis for suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330786-52xyuwum author: Jones, C. M. title: Considerations for the Treatment of Oesophageal Cancer With Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330717-uzrxtgrg author: Gupta, Madhu title: The need for COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330171-l7p0sxqu author: Branicki, Layla J. title: COVID‐19, Ethics of Care, and Feminist Crisis Management date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330626-0aidit63 author: Sepulveda, Jorge title: Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization during COVID-19 Surge in New York City date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330626-0aidit63.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330676-urr9oqfc author: Keny, Dr Swapnil title: Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries in non covid patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: Perspective from India date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330728-tul659fr author: Zaed, Ismail title: How is COVID-19 going to affect education in neurosurgery? A step toward a new era of educational training date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330728-tul659fr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330792-dxdpn46t author: Moulson, Nathaniel title: Cardiac Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Era: Guidance on Implementing Virtual Care date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330975-2tome934 author: Pilato, Emanuele title: Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy? date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330975-2tome934.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330975-2tome934.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-330975-2tome934.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330711-y65csypc author: Zimmerer, Karl S. title: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330711-y65csypc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author: Lim, Zheng Jie title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330916-s99ayg1j author: Hernandez, Adrian V. title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331120-bp1obxd4 author: Ho, B. title: A Case for Palliative Dermatology: COVID-19-related Dermatoses()() date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331130-vr8kczes author: Chirico, Francesco title: Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the “swab” tests date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330239-l8fp8cvz author: Oyelade, O. N. title: Deep Learning Model for Improving the Characterization of Coronavirus on Chest X-ray Images Using CNN date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330758-0mdn06qh author: Gibson Miller, Jilly title: Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in the United Kingdom date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330877-nsx4b4rm author: Elcioglu, Omer Celal title: COVİD-19 infection in a membranous nephropathy patient treated with rituximab date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331046-440kruco author: Culp, Brian M. title: COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331046-440kruco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331046-440kruco.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331046-440kruco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331109-a8e7r80d author: Ibrahim, Yassmin S. title: Case Report: Paralytic Ileus: A Potential Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330870-l0ryikhv author: Eubanks, Allison title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330887-q5i8lpan author: Li, K. title: The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330998-ttwadtay author: Petersen, Fernanda Cristina title: COVID-19: Looking Into the Overlooked date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330640-6ityxc64 author: Gupta, Ashim title: Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330597-nftwj0d5 author: Hopfer, Helmut title: Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331105-wdkdc0pw author: Baral, Stefan David title: The Public Health Response to COVID-19: Balancing Precaution and Unintended Consequences date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331055-5ni0jxij author: Bouche, Pierre-Alban title: Were protective procedures against SARS-CoV-2 effective in an orthopaedic and trauma centre during the lockdown period? A retrospective study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331060-b3z1zb4t author: Cruickshank, Marilyn title: COVID‐19: Lessons to be learnt from a once‐in‐a‐century global pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331030-3icwei3e author: Saleknezhad, N. title: COVID-19 and heart medications: What's the connection? date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330755-7kvaduoq author: McMahon, Meghan title: Informing Canada's Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331284-uy6xoltj author: Ponzetto, Antonio title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers—comment date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331092-eocse0xa author: Gowrisankar, A. title: Can India develop herd immunity against COVID-19? date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331405-1opm5onj author: Pessa Valente, Emanuelle title: COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331087-kpze9xux author: Siddiqui, S. title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and stability in a tertiary care hospital-setting date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331394-zie0tmvt author: Singh, Surendra title: Data on social and health vulnerability in rural India: A Case of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330788-2wsn8t2r author: Zhang, Caiyun title: The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330701-k68b0wqe author: Gerc, Vjekoslav title: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331075-27ndnqzv author: Oleribe, Obinna O title: COVID-19 Experience: Taking the Right Steps at the Right Time to Prevent Avoidable Morbidity and Mortality in Nigeria and Other Nations of the World date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330869-k5ro0edf author: Kumar Singh, Awadhesh title: Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331442-ztzug9j4 author: nan title: Introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid −19)()() date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330918-hsy8h1vb author: Song, Jia title: A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly and Younger Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331433-uwbgv0r3 author: Tringale, Rolando title: COVID-19 innovations in medication for addiction treatment at a Skid Row syringe exchange date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330639-1b278jcm author: Bandyopadhyay, S. title: Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a scoping review date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331472-kd4uxcve author: Shahid, Zainab title: COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331328-qom8vl94 author: Gianfrancesco, Milena A title: Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331257-z2x1wax0 author: Yao, Yang title: Psychological Status and Influencing Factors of Hospital Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331143-e9h7tq0x author: Singh, Manish Kumar title: Contagion effect of COVID‐19 outbreak: Another recipe for disaster on Indian economy date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331486-jp4m6ibe author: Naccarato, Marcello title: Has COVID-19 played an unexpected “stroke” on the chain of survival? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331058-ou6vqp7n author: Chireh, Batholomew title: Leveraging best practices: protecting sub-Saharan African prison detainees amid COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330936-qf4q8yqq author: Kardeş, Sinan title: Public interest in rheumatic diseases and rheumatologist in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Google Trends date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331135-4u99yxw2 author: Arsandaux, J. title: Higher risk of mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 lockdown among students rather than non-students. The French Confins study date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331230-mp7sdh73 author: Landy, David C. title: Public Interest in Knee Replacement Fell During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Google Trends Analysis date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330919-dep3v1pt author: Whyte, Claire S title: Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331208-bgh1a14p author: Garcia, M. title: Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331155-jkm4fuw4 author: Nakashima, Akiko title: Virus database annotations assist in tracing information on patients infected with emerging pathogens date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331193-33cyvidx author: Mawhinney, Jamie A title: Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331477-2x9szmjc author: Warnakulasuriya, Saman title: Protecting dental manpower from COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331688-88veckbv author: Pavlakis, Steven title: Fear and Understanding in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331688-88veckbv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331206-m938suxh author: Rodgers, F. title: Missing clinical trial data: the knowledge gap in the safety of potential COVID-19 drugs date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331206-m938suxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331428-6pvr2vew author: Heffernan, Kevin S. title: Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: on PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331378-3nqn48z7 author: Wand, Anne Pamela Frances title: COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331243-0u65qguq author: Ucciferri, Claudio title: Role of monoclonal antibody drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331114-lumfg138 author: Berkman, Samuel A title: Methodological Issues and Controversies in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: A Tale of Two Storms date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331114-lumfg138.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330831-3b7vfv9b author: Hao, Fengyi title: A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331165-2yn1n3eq author: Tauben, David J. title: Optimizing telehealth pain care after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331273-1fixwxuo author: Abejón González, David title: How to restart the interventional activity in the COVID‐19 era. The experience of a private Pain Unit in Spain date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330880-6lx66w8h author: Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331541-u0xm9a89 author: Lankes, Heather A title: Biospecimen Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Biobanking date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author: Aravindakshan, A. title: Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331520-o9e4qqn4 author: Kistler, Christine E. title: The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331519-ye4dtna5 author: Garibaldi, B. T. title: Patient trajectories and risk factors for severe outcomes among persons hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Maryland/DC region date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author: Maxwell, Daniel N title: “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331604-jf6ybip5 author: Moratto, Daniele title: Flow Cytometry Identifies Risk Factors and Dynamic Changes in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331449-0sow1im8 author: Saha, Shivangi title: Managing Burns During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331065-tzvkj2rm author: Terracciano, Antonio title: Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331995-7113c613 author: Niles, P. Mimi title: Reflecting on Equity in Perinatal Care During a Pandemic date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331995-7113c613.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331995-7113c613.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331995-7113c613.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331869-dm8ri6xf author: Lau, Louis HS. title: Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331094-22366b81 author: Ianevski, Aleksandr title: Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331094-22366b81.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331094-22366b81.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331094-22366b81.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331790-0w0pjjg1 author: Abu Jawdeh, Bassam G. title: COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Immunosuppression Management and Operational Challenges date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author: Al-Ani, Fatimah title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331815-518wljiy author: amram, o. title: Data-Driven Development of a Small-Area COVID-19 Vulnerability Index for the United States date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331815-518wljiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331487-jh34klbg author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331785-ljsd8qld author: nan title: A Systematic Framework to Rapidly Obtain Data on Patients with Cancer and COVID-19:CCC19 Governance, Protocol, and Quality Assurance date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331888-lbtuvdv3 author: de Souza, Dalton Garcia Borges title: Forecasting COVID-19 cases at the Amazon region: a comparison of classical and machine learning models date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332078-vl309ss7 author: Cipollaro, Lucio title: Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331427-lwpjj3b9 author: Faulkner, J. title: Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during early COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331891-a6b1xanm author: Cozzi, Diletta title: Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332160-dytr70pi author: Wang, Biao title: The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331434-2x9m37cw author: Kumar Jain, Vijay title: Fracture management during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331797-05kcygis author: Restauri, Nicole title: Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331797-05kcygis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331834-ge864rbr author: Cellina, Michaela title: Chest computed tomography findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: pictorial essay with literature review date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author: Sawalha, Khalid title: Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331666-iwkuwnun author: Schweitzer, Wolf title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331911-arif1ejj author: Barik, Sitanshu title: Insight into the changing patterns in clinical and academic activities of the orthopedic residents during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332066-8mdg6172 author: Thway, A. M. title: Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-COV-2 in Myanmar date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332087-xwturwju author: McGlynn, Fergal title: Argatroban for therapeutic anticoagulation for heparin resistance associated with Covid-19 infection date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332087-xwturwju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331879-w7008uyy author: Iversen, Jenny title: COVID‐19, HIV and key populations: cross‐cutting issues and the need for population‐specific responses date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332100-l3r7qxxm author: Wu, Chaomin title: Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID‐19 survivors in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332085-s58sd8e4 author: Wissmath, B. title: Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332204-24e2kcas author: Post, Adrian title: Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332081-j13krdft author: Maldonado, María title: Incidencia y resultados de la COVID-19 en una unidad de diálisis domiciliaria en Madrid (España) durante el pico de la pandemia date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332081-j13krdft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331762-b0yufidn author: Rudski, Lawrence title: Multimodality Imaging in Evaluation of Cardiovascular complications in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331547-uqmjhhna author: Bonalumi, Giorgia title: A call to action becomes practice: cardiac and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Lombardy emergency guidelines date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332218-4bumy47f author: Rosenthal, Jamie A. title: Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332241-rvvzl6y1 author: Chen, Tz‐Heng title: The advantages of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332051-yw5zlucc author: Aghababaei, Soodabeh title: Perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332074-s824m91f author: Caillet, Anaëlle title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332074-s824m91f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331947-s97h7sxj author: Deng, H.-J. title: Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331765-pk0fr0a1 author: Salaffi, Fausto title: The role of a chest computed tomography severity score in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332503-3h4fovqx author: Hui, Dawn S. title: On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331375-tbuijeje author: Villalobos, Carlos title: SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the World: An Estimation of the Infected Population and a Measure of How Higher Detection Rates Save Lives date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332175-d5suvj8g author: Allen, Jawara title: My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 Is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332179-du1zjupf author: Sayed, Shomoita title: COVID-19 and Diabetes; possible role of polymorphism and rise of telemedicine date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331858-oz4mvyw8 author: Kifer, D. title: Effects of environmental factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332194-97tkyv3w author: Barrett, Peter M title: Measuring the effectiveness of an automated text messaging active surveillance system for COVID-19 in the south of Ireland, March to April 2020 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332373-yqcysn27 author: Lingamaneni, Prasanth title: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332118-jg80szw7 author: Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo title: Eating Habits and Physical Activity of the Spanish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332292-n7k4va9k author: Yen, Yung-Feng title: Olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332234-6jursf4h author: Diaferio, Lucia title: Cross-sectional survey on impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians: report from the SIAIP rhino-sinusitis and conjunctivitis committee date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332333-vw5ogccq author: Montenegro-López, Diego title: Uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención para el manejo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331601-3w4c40qr author: Ojong, Nathanael title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332245-yfj1kkj7 author: nan title: SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ1 date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs author: Drury, John title: COVID‐19 in context: Why do people die in emergencies? It’s probably not because of collective psychology date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332145-rw16o02g author: Chen, Patrick M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332150-j76726no author: De Stefano, Ludovico title: A “Window of Therapeutic Opportunity” for Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332150-j76726no.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332150-j76726no.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332150-j76726no.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332541-mntietmw author: Yang, Tianan title: Lessons Learnt from China: National Multidisciplinary Healthcare Assistance date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332541-mntietmw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332180-dw4h69tp author: Cheng, Fu-Yuan title: Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332268-x30svp5y author: Bearden, Donna M. title: COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332824-a2mjkz83 author: Finnerty, Dylan T. title: A potential novel role for lidocaine in Covid- 19 patients? date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332108-6riu44fw author: Alanezi, Fahad title: Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332561-n2ghm318 author: Noordzij, Marlies title: ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332682-c6iql84p author: Liesman, Daniel R title: Perspectives From Rising Fourth Year Medical Students Regarding Strategies to Counteract the Effects of COVID-19 on Medical Education date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332348-yi85sfks author: Liang, Yujie title: Neurosensory dysfunction: a diagnostic marker of early COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332481-y0rd70ry author: Ljubic, T. title: The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq author: Lee, Jeong Seok title: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332729-f1e334g0 author: Shah, Nirav R. title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332940-vb9ds64o author: Cho, Jiacai title: COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332678-yk1stlty author: Baldacini, Mathieu title: Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332153-fczf3lzc author: Azkur, Ahmet Kursat title: Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332496-xxz6qd3i author: Jiménez, Óliver title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332703-ohzkpbwy author: Hui, Jane Yuet Ching title: Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a National Physician Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332592-bfqsyiyf author: Goette, Andreas title: COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332650-05oz5zwz author: Fiorelli, Silvia title: Perspectives in surgical and anaesthetic management of lung cancer in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332547-m9mb3c22 author: Iravani, Behzad title: Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333164-1iiwhmkm author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332932-mq36xpai author: Wood, David A. title: Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332579-7950xjmv author: Aravena, J. M. title: 'Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332314-nukv34fh author: Bartoszek, Krzysztof title: Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332970-atwz3rgf author: Gentile, Pietro title: Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332942-l0tbak9l author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Macrolides for patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333096-kroyaq5v author: Cao, Lan title: Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332480-3uodkrkp author: Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy title: Adjunct immunotherapies for the management of severely ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332420-9vyik2e9 author: Probst, Thomas title: Being a Psychotherapist in Times of the Novel Coronavirus Disease: Stress-Level, Job Anxiety, and Fear of Coronavirus Disease Infection in More Than 1,500 Psychotherapists in Austria date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332573-pltz5viz author: Lieberman, Joshua A title: Coping With COVID-19: Emerging Medical Student Clinical Pathology Education in the Pacific Northwest in the Face of a Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332559-2r2gavbq author: Kajdy, Anna title: Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332454-fays5l5d author: Casas-Rojo, J M title: Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh author: Choi, Marcelo title: El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332709-0plblo4k author: Zodda, David title: Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332733-rnq4z2yz author: Su, Jinghua title: Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332795-kcvj1kmx author: Martín Carreras‐Presas, Carmen title: SARS‐CoV‐2 oral associated lesions: discussion of elicited response date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332828-a4ck2ddp author: Alboaneen, Dabiah title: Predicting the Epidemiological Outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332983-d28oovm2 author: Siudak, Zbigniew title: Clinical and procedural characteristics of COVID‐19 patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332673-av2vt54r author: Alwashmi, Meshari F. title: The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332967-fo12lbvs author: Taher, Ali T. title: Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331910-s474ecvk author: Thota, Sai Manohar title: Natural products as home‐based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333200-yka7wfbi author: Dhampalwar, Swapnil title: Treatment armamentarium of COVID-19: Evolving strategies & evidence so far date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332680-zfn81hew author: Chan, Chieh-Kai title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332862-2knq5vdp author: Barbosa, Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto title: Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333121-kt6t41ff author: Kwenandar, Felix title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331533-0toegbv8 author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332924-u6acq4mg author: Sibiri, Hagan title: Containing the impact of COVID-19: Review of Ghana's response approach date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333131-affb4yln author: Jacob, Joseph title: Using imaging to combat a pandemic: rationale for developing the UK National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333131-affb4yln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332995-n0zusu52 author: Gao, Jinrui title: Predictive criteria of severe cases in COVID‐19 patients of early stage: A retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333225-654rd38j author: Chan, Khee-Siang title: Collateral Benefits on Other Respiratory Infections during Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333225-654rd38j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332774-t5untewz author: Vaccaro, Alexander R. title: Practice Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332774-t5untewz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332784-xkc89uaz author: Mishra, Shashank Shekhar title: Computational investigation of potential inhibitors of novel coronavirus 2019 through structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics and density functional theory studies date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333162-gwmvsoru author: Malki, Zohair title: Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333462-h6czvcyq author: nan title: COVID-19 olfactory screening test using trained dogs date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332827-gll4nqdd author: Peixe, Paula title: Hepatology in the COVID Era: Another C Virus, again Challenging the Liver date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333083-8bxqsga2 author: Zhou, Shuchang title: Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333451-p2plpeew author: Raab, Anja M. title: Significant demands on healthcare resources during the COVID crisis date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333326-n9ifhw5s author: Wardell, Hanna title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333175-klnxnxwm author: Hussein, Mohammad H. title: Asthma in COVID-19 patients: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333475-pe7q9ira author: Vargas-Vargas, Manuel title: Ferritin levels and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333350-e6zak5ad author: Albahli, Saleh title: Efficient GAN-based Chest Radiographs (CXR) augmentation to diagnose coronavirus disease pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332625-3rvis2gy author: Modell, Stephen M. title: Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333042-icgsbelo author: Fisher, Kiva A. title: Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults ≥18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities — United States, July 2020 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333327-r7yqk8tm author: Stephens, Elizabeth H. title: Courage, Fortitude, and Effective Leadership of Surgical Teams During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333417-edc509xr author: Bontempi, Elza title: Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333417-edc509xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332979-eln7n6zb author: Ciminelli, G. title: How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333232-jtck578z author: Graboyes, Evan title: COVID‐19 pandemic and health care disparities in head and neck cancer: Scanning the horizon date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333232-jtck578z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332944-yqhuh3gc author: Wu, Jianhua title: Patient response, treatments and mortality for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333483-nr0akd7k author: Aziz, R. title: Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333234-yvixy77x author: Triposkiadis, Filippos title: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333528-9mczqtje author: Mattogno, P. P. title: Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333411-hqtb4a2c author: Tan, Tina Q title: Location Matters: Geographic Disparities and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333460-4ui8i9u5 author: Li, Qing title: The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333797-six8wzxz author: Heaney, Ashley I. title: Newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333698-e73d9lbu author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients with Dysphonia. date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332577-2z5pchyq author: Adolph, C. title: Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333663-0yzrcfe5 author: Hart, Joanna L. title: Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333793-4pvjc4un author: Dickens, Borame L title: Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and re-open travel date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333183-xyuj1j57 author: Lee, Lennard Y W title: COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332109-ont0tqpn author: Wei, Yufeng title: Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333470-0a0i6vjn author: Lombe, Dorothy C title: Zambia’s National Cancer Centre response to the COVID-19 pandemic—an opportunity for improved care date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333792-h4f125hr author: Islamoglu, Yuce title: Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333627-tcgamaev author: Kam, Ariana title: PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333670-qv1orlv5 author: Mutti, Luciano title: Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): What Are We Learning in a Country With High Mortality Rate? date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332778-rf47ptj6 author: Vivarelli, Silvia title: Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial? date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333713-nz36i2oa author: Andonegui-Elguera, Sergio title: Molecular Alterations Prompted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Induction of Hyaluronan, Glycosaminoglycan and Mucopolysaccharide Metabolism date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author: Zhang, Xiao-rui title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333368-kjrk8nn9 author: Huizinga, Gabrielle P title: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333582-l2coget2 author: Giacomelli, A. title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333582-l2coget2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333800-qqe331ok author: Whyte, Martin B. title: Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333640-oh9ucair author: Gambaro, Giovanni title: Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333745-nwnt2tde author: Wang, Yi title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory indicator analysis of 67 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Suzhou, China date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333872-shhugvx0 author: Kumar, Jitendra title: The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333338-6mxeq8dg author: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use? date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333749-45v6b4tc author: Xie, Guogang title: The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333487-zem2d4y6 author: Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark title: The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333998-z2zahfv9 author: Taxbro, Knut title: Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf author: de Vries, A. A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333805-xmqs2ax7 author: Romoli, Michele title: A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334235-ymsiihwd author: Gray, Belinda title: Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333960-pkpbts7s author: Genet, Bastien title: COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and use of renin-angiotensin system blockers in geriatrics patients. date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333631-vk3h2qau author: Tsoungui Obama, H. C. J. title: Preventing COVID-19 spread in closed facilities by regular testing of employees - an efficient intervention in long-term care facilities and prisons date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333863-mtljy3s6 author: Hong, Nan title: Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients confirmed with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333696-3ci9re9a author: Alomari, Safwan O. title: COVID-19 and the Central Nervous System date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334416-4tslee57 author: Sen-Crowe, Brendon title: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334416-4tslee57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333144-gyuh2fvl author: Siddiqui, Arif Jamal title: Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334391-0172afa1 author: Gupta, Rahul title: The double edged interferon riddle in COVID-19 pathogenesis date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334391-0172afa1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334309-rddznfax author: Craver, Randall title: Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334309-rddznfax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334360-bor30e5j author: Manganelli, Fiore title: Brainstem involvement and respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334278-ajdjfzd2 author: Gilis, M. title: Caractéristiques de la COVID-19 chez les patients âgés de 75 ans et plus, hospitalisés date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334122-3c1i25vc author: Fahad, Ahmed Muhi title: Spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication in COVID‐19 male patient: A case report date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333999-k92fmnq7 author: Yang, Chih-Jen title: Remdesivir Use in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Mini-Review date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333897-isodrtly author: Shenoy, Niraj title: Considerations for target oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients: are we under-shooting? date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333897-isodrtly.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333654-8rg99di5 author: Pillai, Presaad title: COVID-19 AND MAJOR ORGAN THROMBOEMBOLISM: MANIFESTATIONS IN NEUROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS. date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333827-zpdnzwle author: Zhao, Jinqiu title: Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334341-cpol6xfz author: Mattei, Tobias A. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Care Providers and Patients date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334280-qs40g1fz author: Jella, Tarun K. title: Geospatial Distribution of Neurosurgeons Age 60 and Above Relative to the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333943-9d93na7s author: Jeong, Han Eol title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334694-7pjoaj37 author: de Vroege, Lars title: UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334092-50r3h7jv author: Loungani, Rahul S. title: A care pathway for the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: Insights from an institutional response date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333928-boq65pci author: Lee, Jia‐Jung title: Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333928-boq65pci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334388-w66h9g9d author: Jack, Dominic title: Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334708-lbmktall author: Putman, Michael S. title: Publication Rate and Journal Review Time of COVID-19 Related Research date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334708-lbmktall.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334184-2zjbwmqn author: Weinstein, B. title: A methodological blueprint to identify COVID-19 vulnerable locales by socioeconomic factors, developed using South Korean data date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334188-bggt1i2e author: Solari, Domenico title: The nose lid for the endoscopic endonasal procedures during COVID-19 era: technical note date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334480-aosmo568 author: Gebrie, D. title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334480-aosmo568.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334179-cjgsr7xr author: Al Kasab, Sami title: International experience of mechanical thrombectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from STAR and ENRG date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333925-5qg4mufh author: Martino, M. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychophysical stress in patients with adrenal insufficiency: the CORTI-COVID study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334217-ejgdzc70 author: Homolak, J. title: Preliminary analysis of COVID-19 academic information patterns: a call for open science in the times of closed borders date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334300-hnrmaytm author: Ventura Fernandes, Bianca H title: Zebrafish studies on the vaccine candidate to COVID-19, the Spike protein: Production of antibody and adverse reaction date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333932-aqcllik0 author: Diao, Bo title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334490-42gykxdx author: Kammerlander, Andreas A. title: COVID-19: frequently asked questions to the cardiologist date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334298-b3uv6310 author: Fang, Xinyu title: Depressive symptoms in the front-line non-medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334124-w9jww3hk author: Murphy, David L title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334445-rk0jay4a author: Mistrangelo, M. title: Do we really need guidelines for HRA during the COVID‐19 pandemic? date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334220-sqvfr31q author: Messina, Francesco title: Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334716-s4mfegv7 author: Herman, P. title: Corticothérapie en ORL en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334313-v2syspu6 author: Long, S. Wesley title: Molecular Architecture of Early Dissemination and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Metropolitan Houston, Texas date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333296-mvbwrb6o author: Nandi, Santosh title: Redesigning Supply Chains using Blockchain-Enabled Circular Economy and COVID-19 Experiences date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334425-6zrmavps author: SanJuan-Reyes, Sindy title: COVID-19 in the environment date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334933-br1cr8kj author: Arora, Gulhima title: Solidarity and transparency against the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334324-remrcm2q author: Kunal, Shekhar title: Cardiovascular complications and its impact on outcomes in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334814-stswaiep author: Vogrig, Alberto title: Causality in COVID-19-associated stroke: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334814-stswaiep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333703-1ku3jc9s author: Kraus, Aurora title: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334801-p5mxc694 author: Van Singer, Mathias title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333520-v2sb90rc author: Gardin, Chiara title: Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334688-0i1pu8wc author: Martos Pérez, F. title: Comorbidity and prognostic factors on admission in a COVID-19 cohort of a general hospital date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334367-w96iqo6q author: Devlin, John W. title: Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m author: Gersons, Berthold P. R. title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334268-n2hon61o author: Ren, Yanfang title: Risk for dental healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 global pandemic: an evidence-based assessment date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334790-lav794w0 author: Jin, Huijuan title: Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334790-lav794w0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334021-ex4z2b75 author: Tupper, P. title: COVID-19's unfortunate events in schools: mitigating classroom clusters in the context of variable transmission date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334532-r5lnjsvl author: Rodriguez, Lindsey M. title: Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334715-902pfxyz author: Sirico, Domenico title: Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334477-vdpaxj4e author: Koh, Jiayun title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334413-h6n36jei author: Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan title: A Novel CFD Analysis to Minimize the Spread of COVID-19 Virus in Hospital Isolation Room date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335003-7ae0galy author: Kussmaul, William G. title: COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334864-aak4wlgs author: Djalante, Riyanti title: COVID-19 and the ASEAN responses: Comparison and analysis through policy science date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334311-i88ccp9w author: Robb, Catherine E. title: Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334945-lxowaacg author: Luo, Yi title: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334546-izzavogm author: Huang, Ian title: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: a meta-analysis date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334546-izzavogm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334431-qn2c83in author: Aaronson, Emily Loving title: Emerging palliative care innovations in the ED: a qualitative analysis of programmatic elements during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335037-4wj4p5ys author: Annweiler, Cédric title: Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Disorders during COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334550-xb0alubj author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: The Enigma of Low COVID-19 Fatality Rate in India date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334830-fh8eitnh author: Bsteh, Gabriel title: Multiple sclerosis and COVID‐19: how many are at risk? date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334847-lf1grybz author: Lynch, Holly Fernandez title: Regulatory Flexibility for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333986-xkx181ek author: Hall, Mary-Frances E. title: Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334867-ohw0chbg author: Ma, Hui title: Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334776-hvgbg0gu author: Craig, Lyn title: Dual‐earner Parent Couples’ Work and Care during COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334881-x9nxxled author: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title: COVID 19 therapies and anti-cancer drugs: A systematic review of recent literature date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334495-7y1la856 author: Agricola, Eustachio title: Heart and Lung Multimodality Imaging in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334495-7y1la856.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335007-27a3h2lo author: Dreyer, Nancy A. title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335005-ezp4mery author: China, Anne title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335039-o92ohoao author: Hu, Zhipeng title: Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334960-l5q5wc06 author: Park, Su Eun title: Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19) date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335181-rvlu0h1h author: Haft, Jonathan W. title: Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335192-ezl7xgeb author: Lai, Paul BS title: COVID‐19 and surgical practice date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335051-31imf6bv author: Tsabouri, Sophia title: SPECIAL ARTICLE: Risk factors for severity in children with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A comprehensive literature review date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335117-p03svmfr author: Mehtar, Shaheen title: Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335104-8b2tpbsh author: Carugno, Andrea title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334973-jemeyudi author: Wu, Dingye title: Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335020-at43c8q7 author: Porfidia, Angelo title: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335244-kyg8rx4o author: Hines, Kristen title: Publier en contexte de pandémie de COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334518-mjr6u7ak author: Hu, X. title: Development and clinical application of a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermalamplification test for SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335019-esttc16z author: Kayem, Gilles title: A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335019-esttc16z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335138-37czoiq8 author: Booz, George W. title: Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335355-lcrbs2op author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335095-epsi5qq7 author: Feng, Gong title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335038-q32ghvsv author: Huang, Jiao title: Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334638-au5sqzxw author: Dores, Artemisa R. title: The Use of New Digital Information and Communication Technologies in Psychological Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335061-wn8u7u9y author: Zheng, Yichao title: A Learning-based Model to Evaluate Hospitalization Priority in COVID-19 Pandemics date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335312-yp73z008 author: Bergsland, Emily K. title: North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335312-yp73z008.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335108-5u3578ws author: Fang, C. title: Extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 on CT: relationship with pulmonary parenchymal disease date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335425-0wga3ch2 author: Abdulsalam, Mohammad A. title: Generalized Status Epilepticus as a Possible Manifestation of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335140-njg0ln33 author: Freeman, Ciara L title: Covid‐19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future? date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335078-z7k59k8o author: Burton-Papp, Helmi C. title: Conscious prone positioning during non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: experience from a single centre date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335347-vxl2flbn author: Diercks, Gillian R. title: Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Child with Nasal Foreign Body date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335168-3ofarutr author: Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatologists and Dermatology Practice date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335252-med3c01q author: Fovet, Thomas title: Prisons confinées: quelles conséquences pour les soins psychiatriques et la santé mentale des personnes détenues en France? date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335252-med3c01q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335213-0cji7tzq author: Dowd, Jennifer Beam title: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335203-reek3z4e author: Salman, M. title: The psychological effects of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers and how they are coping: a web-based, cross-sectional study from Pakistan date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335560-fe4ixqdv author: Pareek, Manish title: Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334955-gnu92up6 author: Sutton, Jeannette title: COVID-19: Retransmission of official communications in an emerging pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335477-po201szv author: O'Leary, Fenton title: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335477-po201szv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335640-5qwoe4x6 author: Abdi, Seifollah title: COVID-19 sends STEMI to quarantine!? date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335066-4xoo279v author: Ahmed, Oli title: Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335516-om7w8y0t author: Larsen, Julie Brogaard title: Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335257-4uwoe841 author: Cingolani, A. title: Baricitinib as rescue therapy in a patient with COVID-19 with no complete response to sarilumab date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335510-eojmipzy author: Boeckmans, Joost title: COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335292-x2vjzp18 author: Nagashima, S. title: The Endothelial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis Driving the SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Thrombosis date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335185-3qi29i6n author: Hendry, Bruce M. title: Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334711-58ygbyiz author: Hernández-Sánchez, Brizeida Raquel title: Psychological Factors that Lessen the Impact of COVID-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author: Lisco, Giuseppe title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335404-s48psqth author: Mukandavire, Zindoga title: Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335404-s48psqth.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335642-i0a1si8k author: Lozada-Martínez, Ivan title: Letter to the Editor: ”Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care” date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334849-8rblgq9b author: LoPresti, Marissa title: The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335373-17tcikxl author: Paul, Elisabeth title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335539-jc97qxm9 author: Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)” —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335122-8s3bcyo8 author: Marshall, Steve title: COVID-19: What do we know? date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335316-x2t5h5gu author: Madariaga, M. L. L. title: Clinical predictors of donor antibody titer and correlation with recipient antibody response in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma clinical trial date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335465-sckfkciz author: Gupta, Rishi K. title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335578-u8b66oos author: Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina title: Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Is a Real Challenge for Brazil date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author: Zachariah, Rony title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335323-p7cv79ig author: DeSerres, Joshua J. title: Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335593-cjb0daps author: Romagnolo, Alberto title: Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335351-8hdok02n author: Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal title: Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335446-8l1vfsbc author: Liao, M. title: The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing date: 2020-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335550-l7opl6b1 author: Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie title: Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335711-15gjv6ae author: Viganò, Chiara title: COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335744-haj5a7tf author: Chibbaro, Salvatore title: How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335518-ti889uye author: Vianya-Estopa, Marta title: Contact lens wear and care in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335518-ti889uye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335918-uc225mhn author: nan title: COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335619-t3yv5y7h author: Wang, Song-mi title: Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in 299 Hospitalized Children with Hemato-oncological Diseases: A Multicenter Survey in Hubei, China date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335175-7rvv2kzk author: Saqlain, M. title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335767-omm04fg5 author: Raabe, Vanessa N title: Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335137-5qt286kc author: Chatterjee, Swapan K. title: Molecular Pathogenesis, Immunopathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335893-9cb8f2ds author: Masud, Dhalia title: Resuming autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335625-z9ifjsil author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Lithium Toxicity in Two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334564-bqh9jkds author: Raony, Ícaro title: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335386-eflyypev author: Steinman, Jonathan Baruch title: Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335386-eflyypev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335792-1yjope1j author: Osho, Asishana A. title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335838-n1184x8g author: Hsu, Caroline M. title: COVID-19 in Dialysis Patients: Outlasting and Outsmarting a Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335648-lbmhprjn author: Estrich, Cameron G. title: Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335720-pfo5oup7 author: Riley, William T title: National Institutes of Health social and behavioral research in response to the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336005-nm34bfsl author: Mahan, Keenan title: Abdominal pain in a patient with COVID-19 infection: A case of multiple thromboemboli date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335576-b34nc3ay author: Tsai, Andrew title: Impact of tocilizumab administration on mortality in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335733-u1g03s2y author: Lakshmanan, Hari Hara Sudhan title: Design of a Microfluidic Bleeding Chip to Evaluate Antithrombotic Agents for Use in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335768-ry5boej6 author: Chauhan, Shaylika title: Comprehensive review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335549-fzusgbww author: Newby, J. title: Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335894-6m0nnufu author: Ceriello, Antonio title: Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335610-3v8140b6 author: Prasanth, D. S. N. B. K. title: In silico identification of potential inhibitors from Cinnamon against main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336133-kpzjrj15 author: Choi, Kristen R. title: Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336163-7xqmuoye author: van Dongen, Christel MP title: Unusually Rapid Development of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure after COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336071-t7c0drft author: Chiyomaru, Katsumi title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335859-k37jivp6 author: Wu, Daphne C. title: Predictors of self-reported symptoms and testing for COVID-19 in Canada using a nationally representative survey date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335951-m1e9raz3 author: Rojek, A. title: A cross-sectional study of patients presenting for hospital-based screening for COVID-19: risk of disease, and healthcare access preferences. date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335942-izl6nrsa author: Mitra, Manasij title: A Study on Challenges to Health Care Delivery Faced by Cancer Patients in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335265-kuc3v5m9 author: Elghazawy, Hagar title: Implementation of breast cancer continuum of care in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author: Kuhar, Hannah N. title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335855-bifx2nu9 author: Herrmann, Jacob title: Modeling lung perfusion abnormalities to explain early COVID-19 hypoxemia date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335916-fh28qrt7 author: Liu, Cuiwei title: COVID-19 in cancer patients: risk, clinical features, and management date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335815-51ih0b2y author: Lei, Lei title: Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336252-e92omqyr author: Chen, Tracy Yixin title: COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336004-oz5feg0r author: Bui, David P. title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among COVID-19 Cases in Workplace Outbreaks by Industry Sector — Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020 date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335653-t3pvm8f9 author: Escalon, Miguel X. title: The immediate impact of the Coronavirus pandemic and resulting adaptations in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation medical education and practice date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336053-cjq7szcn author: Mottola, Filiberto Fausto title: Cardiovascular System in COVID-19: Simply a Viewer or a Leading Actor? date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336217-t4wm1k52 author: Mehta, Bella title: Geographical variations in COVID-19 Perceptions and Patient Management: A National Survey of Rheumatologists date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336172-nzsa7qhb author: Looi, Jeffrey CL title: To tele- or not to telehealth? Ongoing COVID-19 challenges for private psychiatry in Australia date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335272-jypxi99z author: Sharma, Anupam Joya title: A cross-sectional study of psychological wellbeing of Indian adults during the Covid-19 lockdown: Different strokes for different folks date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336076-go5tk6ni author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 — United States, January–April 2020 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336455-dmaatzjc author: Kooraki, Soheil title: Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336298-odl1nv4i author: Wang, Xiaoqiang title: Effects of Chinese strategies for controlling the diffusion and deterioration of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China date: 2020-03-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335795-hdko0zdw author: Wamsley, Christine E title: Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in an Academic Institution: The Unforeseen Benefits of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336175-khkkxcwr author: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: The principle of distance during COVID-19 outbreak in Korea date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336064-8b5cvll7 author: Bolaño-Ortiz, Tomás R. title: Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: a look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336497-vzenzbw1 author: Busch-Hallen, Jenny title: Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336194-5v395xae author: Darafsheh, Arash title: Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336194-5v395xae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336115-7ykvl3u6 author: Binns, Colin title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health and Epidemiology date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336258-dxps48bo author: Lee, Anne W.M. title: Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic – Actions at 3-Levels date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336669-i7yul1c1 author: Walsh, Mary Norine title: COVID-19 pandemic and cardiovascular complications: what have we learned so far? date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336148-50ovfwvo author: Arnold, D. T. title: Blood parameters measured on admission as predictors of outcome for COVID-19; a prospective UK cohort study date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336204-zz99v3ht author: Seo, Wan Seok title: Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening system: a rapid and safe screening system date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336049-n3swuykg author: Ahmed, Mubbasheer title: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336735-pk7sx81r author: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title: Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID‐19 pandemic era date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336373-xb3jrg75 author: Vivas, Esther X. title: COVID19 and Otology/Neurotology date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336481-vrnxu217 author: Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta title: Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336178-k8za0doe author: Afshar, Parnian title: COVID-CAPS: A Capsule Network-based Framework for Identification of COVID-19 cases from X-ray Images date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336268-azgswke8 author: Porcel-Vazquez, Juan A. title: Usefulness of PCR Screening in the Initial Triage of Trauma Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336268-azgswke8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336257-f6yglaz8 author: Forte, Giuseppe title: The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336591-a31oe7kc author: Wong, Martin title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336746-a0thtd1m author: Uwins, C. title: COVID‐19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335676-7ak53hto author: Meftahi, Gholam Hossein title: The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of “inflame-aging” date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336696-c3rbmysh author: Oberfeld, Blake title: SnapShot: COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336702-2qa4u8gv author: Agarwal, Sangya title: Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336499-5flknpp4 author: Ahmed, Aziza title: How the COVID-19 Response is Altering the Legal and Regulatory Landscape on Abortion date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336177-p7b7yw28 author: Selvi, Valeria title: Convalescent Plasma: A Challenging Tool to Treat COVID-19 Patients—A Lesson from the Past and New Perspectives date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336039-s2alwzov author: Lebrasseur, Audrey title: Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336453-cbq0ui4p author: Machitori, Akihiro title: Computed tomography surveillance helps tracking COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336320-riedcgus author: Pacheco, J. title: Gender disparities in access to care for time-sensitive conditions during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336320-riedcgus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336488-opjjowcq author: Kenanidis, Eustathios title: Organizing an Orthopaedic Department During COVID-19 Pandemic to Mitigate In-Hospital Transmission: Experience From Greece date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336790-29im4gxw author: Violetis, Odyssefs A. title: COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336769-5x6xjuew author: Payne, Daniel C. title: SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336467-w528t92h author: Anderson, Diana C. title: Nursing Home Design and COVID-19: Balancing Infection Control, Quality of Life, and Resilience date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336467-w528t92h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336390-ptnpgh3j author: Passamonti, Francesco title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336771-5hh1l1dt author: Lemos, George Azevedo title: Human anatomy education and management of anatomic specimens during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical, legal and biosafety aspects date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336865-ss4a6coi author: Brunner, Maximilian title: Oncological colorectal surgery during the COVID-19pandemic—a national survey date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337163-i8ysgucd author: Desai, Rupak title: COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients from a Pooled Analysis date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336794-ok6j19kf author: Lu, Meiqi title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336397-mgrezzmw author: Habib, Yasir title: Time–frequency co-movement between COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO(2) emissions: Fresh global insights from partial and multiple coherence approach date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336822-cw37jrt2 author: Dennison Himmelfarb, Cheryl R. title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336922-ent5oimq author: Solís, Patricio title: COVID-19 Fatality and Comorbidity Risk Factors among Confirmed Patients in Mexico date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337169-wv9n2e2o author: Le Roux, Gael title: COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336585-19vwpjkt author: Adem, Şevki title: Caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: CAFDs-based functional foods as a potential alternative approach to combat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336438-mlgxiyur author: Huda, Farhanul title: Covid-19 and surgery: Challenging issues in the face of new normal – A narrative review date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336677-h62angfw author: Rousseau, Antoine title: Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19 Et Œil: Le Point Sur Les Données Publiées date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336677-h62angfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336689-z3ayolzb author: Gaur, Uma title: Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336954-rh88lod0 author: Shim, Eunha title: Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336924-7xcbtn3q author: Borghi, Maria Orietta title: Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Are Different From Those Detectable in the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337269-bh3qbn3q author: Bajracharya, Aliza title: Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336753-4212ftlc author: Luo, Lu title: Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336732-9zp5agja author: Williams, R. D. title: Seek COVER: Development and validation of a personalized risk calculator for COVID-19 outcomes in an international network date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337256-b3j3kg73 author: Wang, Peipei title: Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author: Megahed, Naglaa A. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336614-u6alc6rs author: Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title: Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336543-ydrmlujj author: Cavalli, Eugenio title: Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review) date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336447-hpnkou41 author: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337142-3n9edoy8 author: Djakpo, Dodji Kossi title: Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336432-tu00gffr author: Wang, Zhiyu title: Small molecule therapeutics for COVID-19: repurposing of inhaled furosemide date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337026-osgi06o4 author: Panoutsopoulos, Alexios A. title: Conjunctivitis as a Sentinel of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Need of Revision for Mild Symptoms date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337061-nefb7a8c author: Roberts, Stephanie A. title: Considerations for Providing Pediatric Gender-Affirmative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337204-14gxpeaf author: Piciucchi, Matteo title: Preliminary considerations regarding the risk of COVID-19 and disease severity in chronic gastrointestinal conditions date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337248-thzox29o author: Tsolaki, Vasiliki title: Right ventricular dilation: The additive effect of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary embolism in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337248-thzox29o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336845-7ofgekoj author: Donthu, Naveen title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337359-kvb7moqt author: Wells, Mike title: Ideas and the origin of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337482-imxkpfrn author: Koplan, Jeffrey title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336942-2mvcyvbl author: Liu, Cindy H. title: Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337020-7dhx8f4x author: El Haj, Mohamad title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer's disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336810-77wq9laa author: Klocperk, Adam title: Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336395-v157jzvv author: Battaglini, Denise title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337430-c2vdnml7 author: Timpka, Toomas title: Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337098-33yj5g5v author: Agarwal, Shivani title: Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337598-86xnmxvi author: Gil‐Rodrigo, Adriana title: Ultrasound in Pregnant Women With Suspected COVID‐19 Infection date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337186-5zwt2bfo author: Fero, Katherine E. title: Perceived Impact of Urologic Surgery Training Program Modifications due to COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336870-nirg3269 author: Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol title: The newly emerged COVID-19 disease: a systemic review date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336870-nirg3269.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336782-0zkb39v1 author: Fraile Gutiérrez, V. title: Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337082-2xas41mj author: Akoumianakis, Ioannis title: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author: Sanderson, William C. title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337275-phgfpzbt author: Andrew, Jones title: Is Spread of COVID-19 a Chaotic Epidemic? date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337605-s07aorzi author: Leow, Lowell title: Surgery beyond COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335597-anrzcsrt author: nan title: 44. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337436-3xzgv370 author: Khider, Lina title: Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337456-fl5w81sp author: Sperotto, Francesca title: Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy date: 2020-10-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337629-rwgqkow3 author: Casale, Manuele title: Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337627-1a2gpqdl author: Alvarado-Vasquez, Noé title: Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19? date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337220-yv7qdvzi author: Demeke, Addis title: Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337727-i0urwkcj author: Aloysius, Mark M. title: COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337670-3wq260lj author: Joob, Beuy title: Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 author: Della Rosa, Asia title: What does COVID‐19 distract us from? A migration studies perspective on the inequities of attention date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337813-r9okti1v author: Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337460-60blhbcq author: Yang, Ai-Ping title: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337646-gkcm6ds0 author: nan title: The Federation’s Pages: WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations www.wfpha.org Bettina Borisch and Marta Lomazzi, Federation’s Pages Editors date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337665-roelk7i5 author: Bhattacharjee, Hemanga K. title: Emergency Surgery during COVID-19: Lessons Learned date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337089-ksh62ni0 author: Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina title: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337452-zql4zhyk author: Corral, L. title: GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337831-f408yix9 author: Prince, David S title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337831-f408yix9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337530-qgv29qql author: Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati title: Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337499-jzpgtkai author: Yong Choi, Sung title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337720-kmwft059 author: Closson, Kalysha title: When Home is Not a Safe Place: Impacts of Social Distancing Directives on Women Living with HIV date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337720-kmwft059.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337060-jkzbyqtm author: Alqurshi, Abdulmalik title: Investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on pharmaceutical education in Saudi Arabia – A call for a remote teaching contingency strategy date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337599-dyxfsojh author: Ahamad, Shakir title: Primed for Global Coronavirus Pandemic: Emerging Research and Clinical Outcome date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author: Mercer, Scott Thomas title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337700-2n9tswr8 author: Chilimuri, Sridhar title: Predictors of Mortality in Adults Admitted with COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study from New York City date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336940-6rgmpy5r author: Russell, B. S. title: Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337297-fkw8780t author: Fan, Siyuan title: Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337302-fpz2jfuj author: Abdihamid, Omar title: The Landscape of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: Prevalence, Impacts, and Recommendations date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337677-ktktqs7b author: Pereda, R. title: Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337572-kx5hihnr author: Ludwig, Stephan title: Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335141-ag3j8obh author: Higgins, G.C. title: FFP3 reusable respirators for COVID-19; adequate and suitable in the healthcare setting date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337674-mb6ue2hl author: Voulgaris, Athanasios title: Sleep medicine and COVID-19. Has a new era begun? date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337842-q03884i9 author: Iaboni, Andrea title: Achieving Safe, Effective and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults with Dementia in Nursing Homes. date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337842-q03884i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337763-kusqyumn author: Alves, T. H. E. title: Underreporting of death by COVID-19 in Brazil's second most populous state date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337898-ncrbd8rp author: Pal, Rimesh title: Comment on “Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID‐19?” date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337663-ow1l18li author: Qu, Liang G. title: Scoping review: hotspots for COVID-19 urological research: what is being published and from where? date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338049-en9ktl4s author: Naarding, P. title: COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337878-hiylqqie author: Namasivayam, Abirami title: Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337751-ccf8w06i author: Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo title: It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338079-udybki7w author: Hughes, Christopher title: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338079-udybki7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337946-qpa6tk6v author: Hsu, C.-Y. title: Efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with a simulated two-arm controlled study date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337818-mhmc3ts8 author: Majek, O. title: Modelling the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic and the role of government interventions date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337837-5uynih1y author: Nowakowski, Alexandra C H title: Brave New Lungs: Aging in the Shadow of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337632-2q6gm7n3 author: Pearman, Ann title: Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338086-87wfjiqm author: Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos title: Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338006-z7j6qsjs author: Ramos-Martínez, Antonio title: Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338097-kdrq81w5 author: Brescia, Marilia D'Elboux Guimarães title: “Green July” 2020 and Another Good Reason to Quit Smoking: Help to Stop Spreading SARS-COV-2 and Save Lives! date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338131-6y96eyoq author: Galvez, A. title: Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times? date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337789-pabaoiqs author: Oprinca, George-Călin title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337581-3rmrkq1k author: Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús title: Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338023-gb5jgqcg author: Obara, Shinju title: Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337917-vvvo5t4h author: Tempe, Dr. Deepak K. title: Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337760-joti9nwg author: Buldú, Javier M. title: The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337906-qis8h3r3 author: Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan title: Transaminitis is an indicator of mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337958-472xu87g author: Zuberi, Maaz K. title: SHOULD I BE CONCERNED? SURGICAL TRAINING IN THE TIME OF COVID19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337958-472xu87g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337672-3a3ngzvo author: Barzilay, Ran title: Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337995-z4rcczki author: Moris, Dimitrios title: Kidney Transplant Recipients Infected By COVID‐19: Review of the Initial Published Experience date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338001-jig46hsk author: Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338359-pd4bfjet author: Yu, J. title: Risk assessment of admission procedures for cancer patients during the convalescence of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337896-mct29erg author: Kornbluth, Asher title: Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337896-mct29erg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338413-6vpfgwie author: Cinelli, Eleonora title: Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338341-bywxb8e4 author: Nanda, Tavish title: A Measured Approach to Inpatient Ophthalmologic Screening in the COVID-19 Era: A Multicenter Perspective date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338279-so0hpph4 author: Flores, Stefan title: “Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic” date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338419-n8cmv8mf author: Carmelo, Juliana de Carvalho title: Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338140-p88fgojk author: Cervantes-Pérez, Enrique title: Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in a Non-critical Care Setting: Knowledge in Progress date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338203-le5lbw5y author: O’Reilly, GM title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID‐19: Results from the first month of the COVED Quality Improvement Project (COVED‐2). date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337965-z39q8ebq author: Kvernland, Alexandra title: Anticoagulation use and Hemorrhagic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated at a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337681-579cz2tc author: Sk, Md Fulbabu title: Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338090-8uu8kl9v author: Liao, Jie‐lan title: Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336000-v88bq4bx author: Barco, Stefano title: Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (the OVID study): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338478-gkes9a16 author: Haddad, S. title: Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338285-7rrq3o7n author: Sivakumar, Bellie title: COVID-19 and water date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338493-ngvfz9dn author: Her, Minyoung title: Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337692-b89ow1mf author: Petti, S. title: Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338005-kbkvk94k author: Deng, Qing title: Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338397-mbk0i13g author: Hadjiyiannakis, D. title: Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338251-r31xh0fw author: Assi, Tarek title: The management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337926-6ddvqowr author: Farrell, Sarah title: Recommendations for the Care of Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients During the COVID Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338231-uni4aqxo author: Shi, Puyu title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338143-2v4lrlcl author: Pana, T. A. title: Number of International Arrivals Predicts Severity of the first Global Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338039-mxky1ai7 author: Abu-Rayash, Azzam title: Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338189-j4hnldk4 author: Saadat, Saeida title: Environmental perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338415-6tmk7l89 author: Kihira, Shingo title: Neurovascular complications that can be seen in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338438-q5fis2v8 author: Young, Sean D. title: Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338417-7kw9lws0 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338145-al2m9lou author: Wolka, Eskinder title: Awareness Towards Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Prevention Methods in Selected Sites in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Quick, Exploratory, Operational Assessment date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338462-muetf7l1 author: OKPOKORO, E. title: Ecologic correlation between underlying population level morbidities and COVID-19 case fatality rate among countries infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338346-e3fk6gz2 author: Oliveros, Estefania title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338626-x0d3qlj2 author: Etkin, Yana title: Acute arterial thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City area date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338317-ro041w5l author: Lockhart, Sam M. title: When two pandemics meet: Why is obesity associated with increased COVID-19 mortality? date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338416-vuu8x48x author: Hamer, Mark title: Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338754-xdid58vn author: Olisova, O. Yu title: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338024-8kq5nzv5 author: Lee, Sokbae title: Sparse HP filter: Finding kinks in the COVID-19 contact rate() date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338571-1pp8v6nk author: Schmidt, Charles W. title: Lack of Handwashing Access: A Widespread Deficiency in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338605-3i5pvcgu author: Antoun, Lina title: Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome A prospective cohort study date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338467-7om13u87 author: Saqlain, M. title: Public Knowledge and Practices regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338467-7om13u87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338481-jox35yg1 author: Tijjani, Salman Jidda title: Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states? date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338757-fsid4a39 author: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338572-5ifc2lx6 author: Nagarakanti, Sandhya R. title: Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and HIV coinfection date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338628-7l9b5mqp author: Nguyen-Huynh, Mai N. title: Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338814-r9ym1h3m author: Li, Yan title: Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338633-pxxon1ni author: Zuo, Yu title: Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338526-mn10j5i0 author: Berg, Michael B title: Prevalence and predictors of early COVID-19 behavioral intentions in the United States date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338821-khc3dqay author: Zhang, Kai title: Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338544-eph89g47 author: Spuntarelli, Valerio title: COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338544-eph89g47.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338756-jzz250o1 author: Zhang, Nan title: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338647-dtuohsf5 author: Başcı, Semih title: Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338602-6n309bnp author: Gadotti, Ana Carolina title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338706-566e3o5j author: Popa, Simona title: Reflections on COVID-19 and the future of education and learning date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338857-9zbtngje author: Tee, Louis Yunshou title: Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338689-4u1ezk64 author: Ata, Fateen title: COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338795-eewr8ynb author: Oster, Alexandra M. title: Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, April–September 2020 date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338864-yzcvxwpb author: Dragovic, Milan title: Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338863-0jlp9lb4 author: Huecker, Martin title: COVID-19: Optimizing healthcare provider wellness and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338654-ma9ayu80 author: Eaton, Lisa A. title: Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author: Karligkiotis, Apostolos title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338944-3ro3evcc author: Cho, Dae-Chul title: In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338205-sy91rnse author: Li, Chenxi title: Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338600-wpfcxnyu author: Stewart, Cameron title: Mental Capacity Assessments for COVID-19 Patients: Emergency Admissions and the CARD Approach date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338729-v2suoj3c author: Streicher, Caroline title: Could Tocilizumab be an Attractive Therapeutic Option for Elderly Patients with Severe COVID-19? A Case Report date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338365-9sd62a2w author: Patrício Silva, Ana L. title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338680-wwlttymp author: Khonyongwa, K. title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339336-vea7a1rm author: Coates, P. Toby title: A Kidney International “Journal of the COVID-19 Year” in Kidney Transplantation date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338666-gg9qcpmz author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide From a New York City Hospital Network date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338517-1mxcssjj author: Ishay, Yuval title: Antibody response to SARS‐Co‐V‐2, diagnostic and therapeutic implications date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338896-relelmsm author: Naudin, Iris title: Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338896-relelmsm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339100-600am3mq author: Hsiang, Walter R title: Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339100-600am3mq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338904-kavbrg1h author: Tian, Jianbo title: Challenges and recommendations for cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338436-0z828org author: Tzou, Philip L. title: Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338436-0z828org.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338436-0z828org.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338436-0z828org.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339252-ph10txit author: Keita, Abdoulaye title: Anosmie sans agueusie chez des patients COVID-19: à propos de 2 cas date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339252-ph10txit.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338466-7uvta990 author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338466-7uvta990.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338790-rvdoq616 author: Wang, Xiaowen title: Be aware of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338928-y5l7cf31 author: Leonardi, Matilde title: Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339161-ycsijsw4 author: Friebel, TR title: Communication: A Safe Skin Cancer Surgery set-up during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338684-po3hfibp author: Cheong, Kai Xiong title: Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338830-h2nrw374 author: Gong, Xiaohuan title: Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339203-5oextxkm author: Feng Tan, L.I. title: Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 Amongst Healthcare Workers date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338968-b1gg2ha7 author: La Rosée, Felicitas title: Ruxolitinib in COVID-19 Hyperinflammation and Haematologic Malignancies date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338741-gy3ovkrt author: Sethi, Atin title: Evaluation of Current Therapies for COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338580-zszeldfv author: Chang, Yu-Kai title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338972-uq2ha8xs author: Olson, Michael T. title: Resumption of elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what lessons can we apply? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338990-vrtzyo2o author: Nelson, Sarah E. title: COVID-19 and ethics in the ICU date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339400-9uro1xlk author: Chang, Yoon-Seok title: COVID-19 and allergy date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338934-61wnbf1t author: Fay, Daniel L. title: Collective Bargaining During Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339128-npfoircv author: Blair, Robert V. title: Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2 Infected African Green Monkeys but not Rhesus Macaques date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339128-npfoircv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339536-je7fe0e7 author: Chang, Wei-Ting title: The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339044-qy4jab37 author: Li, Man title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339460-7hzlyn79 author: Landsness, Eric C. title: Pivoting Research to COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339075-32jj4fyz author: Majeed, Azeem title: The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338933-67e98ok3 author: Howarth, Candice title: Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338979-ew046wcr author: Jasti, Madhu title: A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339399-36wo66rl author: Trepanier, Sylvain title: Leading on the Edge of Insanity date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338900-8ojah695 author: MacDonald, David S. MacDonald title: Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging: COVID-19 Considerations date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338900-8ojah695.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339589-dl2qpc0t author: Thachil, Jecko title: SARS-2 Coronavirus–Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339355-zkkj8a83 author: Siripanthong, Bhurint title: Coronavirus disease 2019 is delaying the diagnosis and management of chest pain, acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis and heart failure date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339550-0yrb4qrh author: Félix-Oliveira, Afonso title: Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339455-b8nu34vv author: Sakr, Yasser title: The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author: Fox, Sharon E. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339300-xherv9wt author: Suner, C. title: Risk factors for mortality of residents in nursing homes with Covid-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339124-m7choyr6 author: Hoang, Van-Thuan title: Hajj and Umrah Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339467-ewqxf02j author: Liang, Ying title: Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 from pneumonias caused by other etiologies in a fever clinic in Beijing date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338895-c2wzjbgb author: Machado, J. A. Tenreiro title: Rare and extreme events: the case of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338951-wu1ofih9 author: Sestili, Piero title: Paracetamol-Induced Glutathione Consumption: Is There a Link With Severe COVID-19 Illness? date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339533-r0qsqjus author: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339576-0d6sa9pe author: Guallar, María Pilar title: Inoculum at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and risk of disease severity date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339344-qd73h1ie author: Simon, David title: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338901-1kzy7rts author: Li, Heng title: Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339504-8svo2w3u author: Lima, Rodrigo Moreira e title: Recommendations for local-regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339579-4n43at58 author: Lan, Lan title: Early CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asymptomatic Children: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339579-4n43at58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339645-0babe90b author: Stewart, Ruth title: Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and the COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339645-0babe90b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339406-81a7fkpj author: Borghi, M. O. title: Prevalence, specificity, and clinical association of anti-phospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients: are the antibodies really guilty? date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339360-vm4yy47i author: Krywyk, J. title: DYNAMICS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS: GLOBAL PATTERN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES VARIATIONS date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339561-sgbxzeuh author: Snow, Elaine K title: Creation and maintenance of a table for assessment of evolving evidence for COVID-19–related treatments date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339266-glmshsh6 author: Yin, R. title: Clinical characteristics of 106 patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339616-4ctpq5v3 author: de Carvalho, Carolina Abreu title: How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339830-7om9ajev author: Fisher, Edwin B title: COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338973-73a7uvyz author: Xu, Jiabao title: Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV date: 2020-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339491-lyld3up2 author: Prakash, A. title: Using Machine Learning to assess Covid-19 risks date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339712-chkgq0it author: Hussain, Arshad title: People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339459-z22a5yzo author: Mackey, Katherine title: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339293-7ks3bopm author: Nejatifard, Marzieh title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339902-tsd6sjcx author: Lagunas-Rangel, F. A. title: Laboratory findings that predict a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339864-rv5zw972 author: Reihani, Hamidreza title: Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339506-pkusvf82 author: Zaki, N. title: The estimations of the COVID-19 incubation period: a systematic review of the literature date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339874-not2z6q6 author: Kumar, Ankush title: Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338819-wkb318sq author: Saez, Marc title: Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339649-ppgmmeuz author: Klein, Michael G. title: COVID-19 Models for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339919-4ko4lwjz author: Cook, T. M. title: The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339908-a2r5wzqn author: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Sleep, physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: complexities and opportunities for intervention date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339637-hb6bsb6q author: Khader, Mohammed Abdul title: A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author: Mikami, Takahisa title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340010-t1m7dxzc author: Schaefer, Esperance A. K. title: Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339689-pemyxewv author: Moran, Alexander title: Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340029-iv2x1vap author: Farabi, Banu title: Comment on “Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment” date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338498-3238fz73 author: Kleen, Thomas-Oliver title: Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends” date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338498-3238fz73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339638-yrxoj1hl author: Goldman, Ran D. title: Willingness to Vaccinate Children against Influenza after the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340060-l1okt3lm author: pathak, Mamta title: Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339984-vuwjre82 author: Nair, Vinay title: COVID-19 and solid organ transplant outcomes date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339111-d6ll48nv author: Patterson, Joanne M title: COVID‐19 and ENT SLT services, workforce and research in the UK: A discussion paper date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339990-gtbhb24z author: Moroni, Francesco title: COVID-19 and arterial thrombosis: A potentially fatal combination date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340027-6l55rcfm author: Mamode Khan, Naushad title: Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339517-93nuovsj author: Consolo, Ugo title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339727-q8pjwl3s author: Sahu, Kamal Kant title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339935-tguhrqvz author: Zavattaro, Staci M. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339861-yq1qeo5d author: Fan, Jingchun title: The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Gansu and Jinlin Provinces, China date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340094-u3x4g8ul author: D’Alò, Gian Loreto title: Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340015-x9frt0jh author: de Carvalho, Werther Brunow title: Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339686-oybnk1j8 author: Suassuna, José Hermógenes Rocco title: Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340168-ff6z1tpx author: Armitage, Richard title: COVID-19: Compounding the health-related harms of human trafficking date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339436-0k73tlna author: Giagulli, Vito Angelo title: Worse progression of COVID‐19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor? date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339665-nwwutduy author: Patel, Ami title: Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340274-ke94njve author: Nayak, Saurabh title: Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340274-ke94njve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340137-2ipkxn9p author: Naguib, Mahmoud M title: Towards pandemic preparedness beyond COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340008-2efzyki4 author: Haddadi, Kaveh title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Latest Data on Neuroinvasive Potential date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338889-7hd3iibk author: Solbakk, Jan Helge title: Back to WHAT? The role of research ethics in pandemic times date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340204-3gm58qza author: Mahmoodpoor, Ata title: Management of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: What We Learned and What We Do date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339737-7qdjea6f author: Sbidian, E. title: Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and in-hospital mortality or discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: a cohort study of 4,642 in-patients in France date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340464-axb6resr author: Vijayasekaran, D. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward – Correspondence date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340464-axb6resr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author: Nopp, Stephan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340110-nvjit17f author: Singh, Rakesh title: An urgent call for measures to fight against increasing suicides during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340283-5w444i1g author: Das, Anupam title: Erythematous‐oedematous type of chilblain‐like lesions and COVID‐19 : an Indian perspective date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340103-dc3wye9s author: Pallanti, Stefano title: Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340063-nmx91h0a author: Müller, Olaf title: Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340145-nx746m76 author: Trisolino, Giovanni title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340145-nx746m76.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340155-jdddm2rz author: Neves, Sara E. title: Role of Ultrasound Guided Evaluation of Dyspnea in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340323-xz6v95yy author: Urbach, Horst title: Notfällige Neurointerventionen, Covid-19 und Thorax-CT: SOP und Literaturübersicht date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340121-ytw82yyp author: Sahin, Dilek title: An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340091-kptilmi8 author: Mulatu, H. A. title: The prevalence of common mental disorders among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary Hospital in East Africa date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340090-dqhdws5k author: Behera, P. title: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339968-s1kmipir author: Osier, Faith title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340367-h608bj86 author: Yarali, Neşe title: Hematological parameters and peripheral blood morphologic abnormalities in children with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340367-h608bj86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340051-r9kn34wd author: MEI, Xue title: Observations about Symptomatic and Asymptomatic infections of 494 patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai,China date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340164-vzdyy656 author: Karimi, Zohreh title: The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340474-hbcu72cm author: Kaushik, Akanksha title: Urticaria in the times of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340119-af8i359n author: Wang, Shi-xin title: Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340119-af8i359n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340398-bph0ro5v author: Yan, Xisheng title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340738-2pufvc67 author: AbdAllah, Mohamed title: Herd-immunity against COVID-19: Is it enough to stop a second wave? date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340573-6uz6uw7i author: Gleeson, Sarah title: Lesson for the clinical nephrologist: Kidney transplant, COVID-19 and pregnancy date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340284-xo7q4dqr author: Pappa, Sofia title: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340468-3s3dv88w author: Plumereau, Cécile title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke reperfusion therapy: data from the Lyon Stroke Center Network date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340303-1xd5tntx author: Durmuş, Veli title: Tendencias epidémicas en los diez principales países con más casos de COVID-19 en comparación con Turquía date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339835-ze9ay2rm author: Daphna-Tekoah, Shir title: Listening to Hospital Personnel’s Narratives during the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340138-u8hxyfml author: Seneviratne, Chaminda Jayampath title: The Role of Dentists in COVID-19 Is Beyond Dentistry: Voluntary Medical Engagements and Future Preparedness date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340042-intxyu46 author: Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir title: New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340042-intxyu46.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340298-0l4pec0z author: Terriau, A. title: Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340433-h86cufyp author: Sahu, Bikash R title: C-reactive protein: a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340512-wjbh1z8y author: Dugas, M. title: COVID-19 in Children with Brain-Based Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid Review date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340381-qfp5p6gv author: Faddoul, Annibal title: L’anesthésie au temps du COVID date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340436-qiyoamek author: Varshney, Anubodh S. title: Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340114-ycgc6yyc author: Rajagopal, Kalirajan title: Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340397-b43zgxgv author: Buenaventura, Robert D. title: COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340536-azlajqbe author: Bartolo, Michelangelo title: Urgent Measures for the Containment of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic in the Neurorehabilitation/Rehabilitation Departments in the Phase of Maximum Expansion of the Epidemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340538-vjw7d5ju author: Brown, Joshua D. title: Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-11-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340085-ywg4rhnn author: Maras, J. S. title: Multi-Omics integration analysis of respiratory specimen characterizes baseline molecular determinants associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340646-dj1gqzzt author: Molina, Gabriel A. title: COVID-19 in Ecuador, how the pandemic strained the surgical healthcare systems over the edge date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340687-99ad1rwq author: Abourida, Yassamine title: Management of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340354-j3xsp2po author: Noll, N. B. title: COVID-19 Scenarios: an interactive tool to explore the spread and associated morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340394-yzkl0chl author: Sarkis, Joseph title: Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340535-78bpvtuf author: Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni title: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels of Physicians and Associated Factors In Covid-19 Pandemics date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340028-6oicmeam author: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340826-2530zdeq author: Hwang, Jong-moon title: Neurological diseases as mortality predictive factors for patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340583-kjrxrk50 author: Castro‐Rodriguez, Jose A. title: Asthma and COVID‐19 in children – a systematic review and call for data date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340725-xy74wd6j author: Sora, Federica title: SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340537-pdvpmydk author: Bañon-Gonzalez, Rafael title: Autopsies of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340232-cadu5ah8 author: Aliter, Kholoud F. title: Thrombin Inhibition by Argatroban: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-339614-28s205p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340752-367jr3so author: Mitchell, Rob title: Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340752-367jr3so.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340728-8jvg3sir author: Lindsay, Karen J. title: Invited editorial from the social media editor of JPRAS; Leadership in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340855-y5o8dvf4 author: Meng, Zibo title: Predicted value of coagulation function for prognosis and admission time to negative RT‐PCR detection in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340305-jtvn9tlm author: Cimolai, Nevio title: A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340553-vofar32b author: Atique, Suleman title: A nursing informatics response to COVID‐19: perspectives from five regions of the world date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340553-vofar32b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340511-syy9okhi author: Dettori, Marco title: Air pollutants and risk of death due to COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340415-6fte7krp author: Thevarajan, Irani title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author: Grant, Michael C. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340663-zylk61ll author: Singh, Devendra Raj title: The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340796-0l9v9f1e author: García-Manzanedo, Sofía title: SÍNDROME DE GUILLAIN-BARRÉ TRAS INFECCIÓN POR COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340163-ex03l0pc author: Hu, Tingting title: A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340921-tg62xw8v author: Jee, Youngmee title: WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340884-9blq86zo author: Prakash, Elapulli Sankaranarayanan title: Am I a “COVID-19 Patient” or “a Patient With COVID-19”? date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340564-3fu914lk author: Cohen, Joseph Paul title: Predicting COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity on Chest X-ray With Deep Learning date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341060-otvoo99j author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Thrombolysis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339956-o5o2yz1u author: Albahri, O.S. title: Helping Doctors Hasten COVID-19 Treatment: Towards a Rescue Framework for the Transfusion of Best Convalescent Plasma to the Most Critical Patients based on Biological Requirements via ML and Novel MCDM Methods date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340984-blkhfhe2 author: Gklinos, Panagiotis title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340285-mq9x12nw author: Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. title: From causes of aging to death from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341132-arhpqgl6 author: Gangemi, Sebastiano title: Rich at risk: socio-economic drivers of COVID-19 pandemic spread date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341175-rks0l0q0 author: Essa, Musthafa Mohamed title: Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340578-5vyv9swb author: Pedraja, J. title: Role of 3D printing in the protection of surgical and critical care professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340938-mk01k235 author: Xu, Kandi title: Application of ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of illness severity of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340938-mk01k235.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340848-gdi4c92i author: Moon, M. Jae title: Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340930-5cavkdde author: Cheung, Victor Kai-Lam title: Investigating effects of healthcare simulation on personal strengths and organizational impacts for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340713-v5sdowb7 author: Bird, Jordan J. title: Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data: A machine learning approach date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341126-i8wr8h4x author: Hyung, Jaewon title: The Asian Approach to the Management of GI Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340710-dmow5p7k author: Lagana, Stephen M. title: Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341288-x0wuj26f author: Moreira, Bruno Lima title: COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: what should be considered to indicate a computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan? date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340887-k88hchau author: Khusid, Johnathan A. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340887-k88hchau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340650-mwsa326c author: Elangovan, E. J. title: Rationale and prognosis of repurposed drugs with risk stratification of patients in oxygen support in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341359-c34gyuv6 author: Larson, Derek T title: Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Evidence-based Supportive Care date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341220-b2u8gswb author: Ben-Ezra, Menachem title: The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341381-jzjhhn23 author: Davis, M. title: Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341202-1pg7rq2d author: Manicone, Francesca title: The last bed dilemma burns out COVID-19 triage: a viewpoint from Medical and Law students date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340186-nc5uv2va author: Caligiuri, Paula title: International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341256-2j0tqmd4 author: An, Ying title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340880-2qop8tcp author: Hyman, Jaime B. title: Timing of Intubation and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340942-oatf59k0 author: Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341085-2stfkwp3 author: Haseli, Sara title: Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341397-gl8xzzdv author: Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V. title: Novel Temperature Trajectory Subphenotypes in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340992-88t1c0zs author: Nikolai, Lea A title: Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340889-ff35696d author: Ko, Nai-Ying title: Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340889-ff35696d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340937-6mpob1nx author: Varshney, Mohit title: Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341323-mw352rr1 author: Logie, Carmen H title: Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID‐19 stigma date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341300-fkdydf4u author: Avendano-Sola, C. title: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341314-1mav631s author: Caso, Valeria title: No lockdown for neurological diseases during COVID19 pandemic infection date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341314-1mav631s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341475-v6ue6hhf author: Rahimi, Farid title: Criticality of physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341420-bfzto2lz author: Mohamed, Chekkal title: Prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability: recommendations of the Algerian society of transfusion and hemobiology date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341309-li3slzw6 author: McGough, S. F. title: Modeling COVID19 mortality in the US: Community context and mobility matter date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341480-thia28sh author: Aminlari, Amir title: A Case of COVID-19 Diagnosed At Home with Portable Ultrasound and Confirmed with Home Serology Test date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341480-thia28sh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341197-e8m4oxma author: Soleimani, Abbas title: Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on in-hospital outcomes of patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340799-1awmtj52 author: Krajewska, Joanna title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341574-6pmd04m9 author: Weissman, Ruth S. title: IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341389-1o0ey67l author: Tay, Kiang Hiong title: Reconfiguring the radiology leadership team for crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341105-3uvbfp8c author: Li, Dian-Jeng title: COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340805-qbvgnr4r author: Ioannidis, John P.A. title: Forecasting for COVID-19 has failed date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341304-jdvzpvdx author: Pata, Rama Kanth title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Dark Cloud With Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341624-02bmonj6 author: Liem, Andrian title: Ethical standards for telemental health must be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341479-lj0brkbx author: Caviglia, Marta title: The National Emergency Medical Service Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author: Perkins, Alex title: Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341529-dmiy0l9c author: Siniscalchi, Antonio title: Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke? date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341650-f8orw6ro author: Li, Hailan title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341814-poqni6ma author: Malin, Jakob J. title: DGI recommendations for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341435-b36h69r1 author: Dawson, Patrick title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341512-nhdx944g author: Tanno, Luciana Kase title: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID)-19: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINITIONS AND CODING TO SUPPORT THE ALLERGY COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341837-jmbbgfsz author: Patel, Pratit title: “COVID-19 and cervical artery dissection- A causative association?” date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341387-ovwiqmmj author: Marone, Enrico M. title: Characteristics of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter experience from Northern Italy. date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341527-03rh966o author: Stockton, John title: Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341527-03rh966o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341259-1768lp0a author: Lazarus, G. title: High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341684-buj8u63b author: Corbet, Shaen title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341868-btalafo6 author: Carlet, Jean title: Steroids for sepsis and ARDS: this eternal controversy remains with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341868-btalafo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341543-gcnph9gf author: Kuryntseva, P. title: A simplified approach to monitoring the COVID-19 epidemiologic situation using waste water analysis and its application in Russia date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341577-txadxh13 author: Santos García, D. title: Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson´s Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341577-txadxh13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341804-rnj3wtg4 author: Jin, Zhe title: Drug treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341503-3cvtoc2j author: Jaiswal, J. title: Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341674-q8p187qx author: Qiu, Jianyin title: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341627-21m8rdhy author: Buda, Natalia title: Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection - A case series and review of the literature date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341783-e7xz4utr author: Vistisen, Simon T. title: Risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341644-egbahelm author: Benmarhnia, Tarik title: Linkages Between Air Pollution and the Health Burden from COVID-19: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341644-egbahelm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341818-mm3d4jkh author: Ying, Mingliang title: COVID-19 with acute cholecystitis: a case report date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342241-76mtn1m7 author: Lenti, Marco Vincenzo title: Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341982-0i1w137u author: Barral, Matthias title: Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342143-un14oynk author: Fernández-Díaz, Eva title: COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: A description of two cases on alemtuzumab date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342143-un14oynk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341806-7hatbzra author: Bone, Anna E title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342059-y3zlyy1z author: von der Thüsen, Jan H. title: Case report: a fatal combination of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with extensive pulmonary microvascular damage in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341575-8hv8rx6h author: Dhar, S. K. title: IL-6 and IL-10 as predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 patients: Results from Meta-analysis and Regression date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342206-mitfgsdo author: Asif, Talal title: Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341833-wf72fra8 author: Liu, Guoqiang title: A Single Large Dose of Vitamin D Could be Used as a Means of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Treatment date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341745-2txzi7kb author: Singh, S. title: Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342216-xus2ckrc author: Sánchez-Duque, Jorge A. title: Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341156-dw15n4f4 author: Nash, Meredith title: Caring during COVID‐19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341580-ymzlhsai author: Almskog, L. title: Rotational Thromboelastometry predicts care level in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341987-lsvifqyo author: Kalyanasundaram, Sridhar title: Novel Corona Virus Pandemic and Neonatal Care: It’s Too Early to Speculate on Impact! date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341919-8gnthufw author: Basi, Saajan title: Clinical course of a 66-year-old man with an acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of a COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341661-sokoghh1 author: Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel title: Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342121-ff4fpsq8 author: Miller, Eric D. title: Loneliness in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342231-862kffnb author: Carneiro, Thiago title: Intravenous tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342231-862kffnb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342523-52t7dh4n author: Dibner, Julia J. title: Direct COVID-19 Infection of Enterocytes: The Role of Hypochlorhydria date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341948-9w8od50e author: Scott, Michael title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342156-4c8rzo62 author: Hung, Orlando title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #2) date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342041-x0bwjl54 author: Vivien, Benoît title: Adaptation de la Régulation Médicale du SAMU face à la pandémie du COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342129-74yqqocc author: Najafi, Farid title: Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341620-nmrkhx5t author: Chirico, Francesco title: Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341976-yts6pzn3 author: Liu, Xintian title: Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342013-k54u2q0d author: Martenot, Antoine title: Favorable outcomes among neonates not separated from their symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342324-it6zcyht author: Dhaliwal, Ruban title: Letter to the Editor: “Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists” date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342589-n63yw2qy author: Guha, Santanu title: Managing ACS during COVID-19 infection: do not follow the traditional route date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342459-aroutcgh author: Feldman, Hope A. title: Commentary: Remote Learning Creates More Room at the Table date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342204-9tgxijvn author: Nuzzo, Domenico title: Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342294-x18xmrji author: Yan, Nao title: Medium Term Follow-Up of 337 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342185-2umby2l8 author: Cai, Qi title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342580-re7yqm1c author: Abdou, Hossam title: A Cautionary Tale of an Emergency Cerebrovascular Procedure in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342569-ja96xfns author: Azer, Samy A. title: COVID-19: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and Investigational therapeutics date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342566-ym81lce9 author: barasa, s. title: The major predictors of testing positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic hospitalized patients date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342625-31fe1neb author: Baba, Hiroaki title: Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod treated with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342225-lcaemapt author: Wang, Chuanbin title: Initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342246-tnjtd9n3 author: Özçelik Korkmaz, Müge title: Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342555-5r9aa7u5 author: Eghtesadi, Marzieh title: Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID‐19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long‐Term Care Facilities date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342361-eu3rry7p author: Lu, Jiatao title: ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342517-bzmhjvr5 author: Rassouli, Maryam title: COVID-19 Management in Iran as One of the Most Affected Countries in the World: Advantages and Weaknesses date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341880-wxliz485 author: Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul title: COVID-19 induced economic loss and ensuring food security for vulnerable groups: Policy implications from Bangladesh date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341880-wxliz485.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342096-pijvvo2i author: Peivandi, S. title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342108-5xd68rie author: Warne, D. J. title: Hindsight is 2020 vision: Characterisation of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342767-n9ux7gqm author: Head, Michael G title: A real-time policy dashboard can aid global transparency in the response to coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342360-d7qc20i4 author: Mohamad, Siti Mazidah title: Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342716-h0d47023 author: Park, Hojeong title: A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342716-h0d47023.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342340-q6j7vy8u author: Jefferies, Sarah title: COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of the national response: a descriptive epidemiological study date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342467-3se4s217 author: Parikh, Keval D. title: Quantifying the decrease in emergency department imaging utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic at a multicenter healthcare system in Ohio date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342467-3se4s217.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342338-nxfg9yfq author: Montero, A. title: Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342771-0p5x5ihh author: Huang, Qianwen title: Targeting inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342362-j7vuoer6 author: Gegúndez-Fernández, José A title: Recomendaciones para la atención oftalmológica durante el estado de alarma por la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342418-57cu4oeu author: Mol, B. W. title: Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342888-o7ezn9dd author: Wang, Lei-Yun title: Remdesivir and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342599-558yn6pu author: Rinchai, Darawan title: A modular framework for the development of targeted Covid-19 blood transcript profiling panels date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342734-37xduboo author: Thomé, Beatriz C. title: Ethical Considerations for Restrictive and Physical Distancing Measures in Brazil During COVID-19: Facilitators and Barriers date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342734-37xduboo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342139-t2tukk0z author: Livingston, Gill title: Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343061-4ab7ycwp author: Lakhani, Ali title: Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342631-ryibszjm author: Shoer, S. title: Who should we test for COVID-19?A triage model built from national symptom surveys date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342616-k65501xp author: Feng, Zhichao title: The Use of Adjuvant Therapy in Preventing Progression to Severe Pneumonia in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Data Analysis date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342616-k65501xp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342577-sxl4ac0s author: Li, Yuchen title: Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342708-yimysnvx author: Patel, Neeral R. title: Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective date: 2020-08-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342603-k0f33p3l author: Spyropoulos, Alex C. title: Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343186-gsojxjp9 author: Tang, Jieying title: Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID‐19 patients with pressure ulcer date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342498-f93jma3d author: Srivastava, A. title: Geographical Variation in COVID-19 Cases, Prevalence, Recovery and Fatality Rate by Phase of National Lockdown in India, March 14-May 29, 2020 date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343018-8ghon5nb author: Rajabally, Yusuf A. title: Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342703-vbq1o25l author: Huang, J. title: Comparing biomarkers for COVID-19 disease with commonly associated preexisting conditions and complications. date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342972-bjv8biop author: Smith, Michael D title: COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342822-d7jx06mh author: Izadi, N. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342636-mmlnm3mz author: Situngkir, H. title: The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342873-eu7f0zjm author: Yeleswaram, Swamy title: Inhibition of cytokine signaling by ruxolitinib and implications for COVID-19 treatment date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342974-g6ltr6am author: Hull, S. A. title: Suspected COVID-19 in primary care: how GP records contribute to understanding differences in prevalence by ethnicity. date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342929-y8857da3 author: Desai, Urvi title: Guidance for Resumption of Routine Electrodiagnostic Testing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342929-y8857da3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342852-8wlqbwdi author: Chen, Jie title: Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342810-41dghl0c author: Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342776-hkjhqgie author: Jewett, Anahid title: The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343008-y2pt43am author: Tee, Cherica A title: Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342930-f7cw2ca6 author: Portincasa, Piero title: Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting? date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343382-3pzvirdg author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343322-vx3lub3s author: LUBANSU, Alphonse title: Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343052-dc9s2rau author: Murgo, Salvatore title: Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342984-3qbvlbwo author: Allington, Daniel title: Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343249-npk92gra author: Hastie, C. E. title: Short Communication: Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343249-npk92gra.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342857-vj6sw2ne author: McCullough, Peter A. title: Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342841-b1rucgmg author: Di Carlo, Francesco title: Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343122-lppdauei author: Ribeiro, Helena title: Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil? date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343122-lppdauei.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343072-3wuh6k6g author: Dong, Mengying title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343093-qjg5az3d author: Irie, Kei title: Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343490-94vkfrtw author: Handaya, Adeodatus Yuda title: Covid-19 mimicking symptoms in emergency gastrointestinal surgery cases during pandemic: a case series date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343087-vnvlnxnq author: Vacanti, Gaetano title: Reduced rate of admissions for acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational analysis from a tertiary hospital in Germany date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343090-dsjq98ks author: Fragkou, Paraskevi C. title: Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343333-4krrmjio author: Salazar, Martín title: COVID-19, Hipertensión y Enfermedad cardiovascular date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342989-9ie8mx4l author: Lam, Simon Ching title: Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342786-dl8vjwfn author: Sattar, Yasar title: COVID-19 Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Cellular Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Management date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343219-0dwyv1vk author: Gellin, Bruce title: Why vaccine rumours stick—and getting them unstuck date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342902-y1v8wzxq author: Yuan, Shuofeng title: Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343038-j58f1lwa author: Henry, Brandon Michael title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343100-cljfh8es author: Chakraborty, Parthasarathi title: Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO(2)) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343168-gphud9yx author: Alyami, H. S. title: Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343183-5jlnw6e0 author: Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri title: Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schools date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343073-lwbddab2 author: Antiporta, D. A. title: Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers. date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343082-46lo7xtx author: Awasthi, Ankit title: OUTBREAK of novel corona virus disease (COVID-19): Antecedence and aftermath date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343415-lj2trn85 author: Del Barba, Paolo title: COVID‐19 cardiac involvement in a 38‐day old infant date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342746-2hbcbvt6 author: Lane, J. C. E. title: Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343127-n3fs8ph8 author: Pousa, Pedro A. title: Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343252-mtcqawxc author: Ruggieri, P. title: COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343472-fd34ls35 author: Tersalvi, Gregorio title: Emerging evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19: A path through the smoke date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343619-vk3p72ze author: Vaish, Abhishek title: COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343325-cbrly7f5 author: Denault, André Y. title: A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343530-3fnfs2e5 author: Leung, T.Y. title: Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343414-2embihmf author: Wagner, Aaron B. title: Social distancing merely stabilized COVID‐19 in the US date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343414-2embihmf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343021-gqem6bxj author: Allam, Zaheer title: Oil, Health Equipment, and Trade: Revisiting Political Economy and International Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343027-ks3fn9pq author: Fraser, Nicholas title: Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343330-wuzts3mt author: Ramos da Silva, S. title: Broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism and immunopathology in lung tissues from fatal COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342919-ls2q1g0v author: Balsamo, Michela title: Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343739-t3z6ghyp author: Conforti, Claudio title: Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID‐19 era date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343389-n276aksa author: Lades, Leonhard K. title: Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343389-n276aksa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343422-910zswy0 author: Bressy, Silvia title: Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343422-910zswy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343201-98scxky8 author: Thibault, Ronan title: How the Covid-19 epidemic is challenging our practice in clinical nutrition—feedback from the field date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343201-98scxky8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3 author: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman title: Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343589-9okzwtci author: Mantero, Vittorio title: Assessing the susceptibility to acute respiratory illness COVID-19-related in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343691-sjz5og78 author: Nakajima, Kei title: Serious Conditions in COVID-19 Accompanied With a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343449-4uxwojzo author: The Gibraltar COVID-19 Research Group Health Systems, title: Oxygen and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative analysis of supplemental oxygen policies and health outcomes across 26 countries. date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343766-hlg7t5i5 author: Vinken, Mathieu title: A putative AOP for pneumonia related to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343622-5270vdkr author: Bowman, Deborah title: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343452-4m0ub9iv author: Barkama, Ravit title: Placenta-Derived Cell Therapy to Treat Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343502-1n0o4akm author: Chen, Zhang-Ren title: Pharmacotherapics Advice in Guidelines for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343566-epvswt7f author: Wang, Zhao-Hua title: Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Designated ICU: Clinical Features and Predictors for Mortality date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343643-if04rgzi author: Hirko, Kelly A title: Telehealth in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Rural Health Disparities date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343618-jjb8da4a author: Nie, Kai title: Gastrointestinal insights during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343712-gn7fw891 author: Taglauer, Elizabeth title: Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author: Chiara, Berardi title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343357-5nhyumxl author: Heegaard, Peter M. H. title: Animal Models for COVID-19: More to the Picture Than ACE2, Rodents, Ferrets, and Non-human Primates. A Case for Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus and the Obese Ossabaw Pig date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343601-po9br5zm author: Wang, Gan-Yi title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343637-3g4tosjx author: Tumlinson, Anne title: Post‐Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID‐19 World date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343740-vcys2q2t author: Kawachi, Ichiro title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343927-s54n1cmn author: Sayad, Babak title: Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343483-puly7tyv author: Pak, Jamie S. title: A Urology Department's Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342386-t5b8wpe2 author: Falcone, Rino title: All We Need Is Trust: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Reconfigured Trust in Italian Public Institutions date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343870-g2v7ihud author: Liu, Wei title: Virus-, host-, immune-based targets for COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343929-9ebw3x8r author: Gupta, Ritesh title: Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343864-0258nh92 author: Straughn, Alex R. title: Withaferin A: a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343864-0258nh92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344011-w9zn7hb2 author: Schiffrin, Ernesto L title: Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED? date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343845-suoy3ojr author: Martín, Vicente title: Prevalencia de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en médicos y enfermeras de Atención Primaria y Residencias de Ancianos del Área de Salud de León y Factores asociados date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343773-9f7ew8uj author: Volo, T. title: Elective tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: to whom, when, how? Early experience from Venice, Italy date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344046-9vou06c7 author: Hon, Kam Lun Ellis title: Pediatric COVID-19: what disease is this? date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344065-87x5y9o6 author: Wedig, Isaac J title: Infographic. Stay physically active during COVID-19 with exercise as medicine date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343819-1uki4b3d author: Mian, Muhammad S title: Pathological Findings and Management of COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Overview of Modern-day Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343969-9nec3lj8 author: Otugo, Onyeka title: COVID-19: The Additional Sentence for the Incarcerated date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344076-ervwj8ok author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: The insidious threat of jamu and unregulated traditional medicines in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343797-kpmz5kwg author: Lee, Martin Beng‐Huat title: GOING TO WAR ON COVID19: MOBILIZING AN ACADEMIC NEPHROLOGY GROUP PRACTICE date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343881-0i3rfpvd author: Norton, Alice title: The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343545-ga56ozp3 author: Pablos, J. L. title: Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344027-qghktrm1 author: Fiolet, Thibault title: 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients' – Author’s reply date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343553-07c9ec2b author: Radfar, S. R. title: Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343917-67qjqxqh author: Dabrowska, Dominika title: Staying Ahead of the Curve: Modified Approach to Emergency Caesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343876-2inr4mcy author: Xie, Qin title: COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings due to first-episode mental disorders in Wuhan, China: clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and our experiences date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343684-z63qn66b author: Serge, Rozenberg title: Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently? date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343743-6k3soh1l author: Chaudhary, Sachin title: Antifibrotics in COVID-19 Lung Disease: Let Us Stay Focused date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343981-m6z9aqvu author: Freedberg, Daniel E. title: Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa author: Asiamah, Nestor title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344080-tru8kvxw author: Bhatt, Ankeet S. title: Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343877-jzkaee16 author: Newdick, Chris title: Tragic choices in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: on fairness, consistency and community date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344010-14bd6mnp author: Husby, A. title: Inhaled corticosteroid use in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343982-ymaql0hx author: Carr, M. J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnoses, HbA1c monitoring and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK-wide cohort study involving 13 million people in primary care date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344003-oul2hdyq author: Maleki Dana, Parisa title: An Insight into the Sex Differences in COVID-19 Patients: What are the Possible Causes? date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344264-7fkaj1h8 author: Ding, Jinli title: Experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19 in radiology department date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343688-g6bevqxq author: Ahundjanov, B. B. title: Power Law in COVID-19 Cases in China date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344213-j3yextjl author: Sze, Shirley title: The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long term care facilities date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344175-e2m9o8c2 author: Lentini, Giovanni title: COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concern: Chirality Might Help date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344284-dn9nlcgs author: Xia, Wei title: Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344136-k5gh0s6y author: Ouyang, Lichen title: Association of acute kidney injury with the severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343919-n8884bli author: Salvio, Gianmaria title: Bone Metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 Disease: Possible Osteoimmunology and Gender Implications date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-343919-n8884bli.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343978-w1fsu787 author: Greene, E A title: Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343822-k00ng5nl author: Hoekman, Lieke Michaela title: The Dutch COVID-19 approach: Regional differences in a small country.: The Dutch COVID-19 approach. date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 author: Ip, Andrew title: Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343759-me0n2k3f author: Majiya, H. title: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344087-4f40zj13 author: Jo, Min-Woo title: The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344375-pr6jlc5c author: Emert, Roger title: COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob author: Bartoszek, Adrian title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344048-lx9krl5v author: Domínguez-Salas, Sara title: Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344070-17oac3bg author: Silverman, Justin D title: Using ILI surveillance to estimate state-specific case detection rates and forecast SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344120-7t5ce2hb author: Baroutjian, Amanda title: SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author: Liang, Donghai title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344308-ijrze203 author: Bezzerri, Valentino title: Does cystic fibrosis constitute an advantage in COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344308-ijrze203.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344609-sjekuh4d author: Devaraj, Anand title: Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344198-jaagi88b author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID‐19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344503-gw5d721n author: Yousefzadegan, Sedigheh title: Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344361-amhc0ryh author: Ruggiero, Giuseppe title: Reply to: “Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak” date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344295-gwbmsmbv author: Jenei, Kristina title: Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343818-pj1oludh author: Liu, Chan title: Children with COVID-19 behaving milder may challenge the public policies: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344117-lr6roxej author: Vieira, Ana Luisa Silveira title: Role of point-of-care ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: our recommendations in the management of dialytic patients date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344425-27q9x6hb author: Mantica, Guglielmo title: Reply to D.G. Barten et al “Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear” date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344302-p0v6sl9x author: Gubitosa, James C title: COVID-19-Associated Acute Limb Ischemia in a Patient on Therapeutic Anticoagulation date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343926-47m17k1t author: Kuzemko, Caroline title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344185-jz6ui4w3 author: Aziz, Aleha title: Building an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Hospital and Selected Maternal-Fetal and Delivery Considerations date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344135-pyibu6rj author: Zuo, Peiyuan title: Decreased prealbumin level is associated with increased risk of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author: Evans, Lauran K. title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344326-025ioy3r author: Usman, AA title: A Case Series of Devastating Intracranial Hemorrhage during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343970-anocx4y1 author: Bansal, Rashika title: Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344404-whdxjef0 author: Fatmi, Mahmudur Rahman title: COVID – 19 Impact on Urban Mobility date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344581-h7ikjgic author: Ong, David S.Y. title: Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the hospital date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344445-slv7r9u7 author: Vakharia, Kunal title: The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344291-i5wqlzif author: Estalella, Gemma Martinez title: GESTIÓN Y LIDERAZGO DE LOS SERVICIOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL PLAN DE EMERGENCIA DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19: LA EXPERIENCIA DEL HOSPITAL CLÍNIC DE BARCELONA date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343985-0p2j5hzc author: Self-Brown, Shannon title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of an Evidence-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Program: Understanding the Perspectives of SafeCare® Providers date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344389-aj9q73f0 author: Brosnahan, Shari B. title: COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalizations Followed by Re-presentation for Presumed Thrombotic Event date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343715-y594iewi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344400-2gzip67i author: Zimmermann, M. title: They stumble that run fast: the economic and COVID-19 transmission impacts of reopening industries in the US date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344508-a67vsux2 author: Campanile, Fabio Cesare title: Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344217-kci4uw7u author: Majid, Sabhiya title: Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Research Strategies Based on the Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344501-kc0q6k6j author: Zhu, Yongjian title: The mediating effect of air quality on the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in China date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344647-jr85915d author: Joseph, Adrien title: Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344647-jr85915d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344270-874i31h8 author: Radke, Robert M title: Adult congenital heart disease and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344270-874i31h8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344246-sf9cymhc author: Diriba, Kuma title: The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344006-0iq9s94n author: Atzrodt, Cassandra L. title: A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author: Senger, Mario Roberto title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344705-co0nk7pt author: Eichler, Hans‐Georg title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344813-dlpn3l0j author: Chen, Cheng‐Ren title: Preparing for COVID‐19: The experiences of a long‐term care facility in Taiwan date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344693-znw3dru4 author: Lima, Brian title: COVID‐19 in recent heart transplant recipients: Clinicopathologic features and early outcomes date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344382-vge4ho2v author: De Flora, Silvio title: Rationale for the use of N‐acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344357-ocyaqs1y author: Fu, Yue-Qiang title: Effect of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344658-4z2697q6 author: Hutasoit, Novana title: Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344204-qq2vqzc2 author: Hariharan, Apurva title: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344529-k6divntz author: Mburu, C. N. title: The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344529-k6divntz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344939-rgxqobfw author: Ng, C. W. Q. title: Maintaining breast cancer care in the face of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344709-5hy1e4t1 author: Patel, Brijesh V. title: Pulmonary Angiopathy in Severe COVID-19: Physiologic, Imaging, and Hematologic Observations date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344252-6g3zzj0o author: Farooq, Junaid title: A Novel Adaptive Deep Learning Model of Covid-19 with focus on mortality reduction strategies date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344012-npob20n0 author: Gheblawi, Mahmoud title: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344012-npob20n0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344911-pw0ghz3m author: July, Julius title: Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344553-uya1j94u author: Bodova, K. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344750-b9tndbg1 author: Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian title: Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344729-sjjedgws author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Acute Neurological Care in the COVID-19 Era: The Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium Pathway date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344566-r75o7ips author: Temiz, Selami Aykut title: Evaluation Of Dermatology Consultations In The Era Of COVID19 date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344778-2p1mm3vg author: Gasparri, Maria Luisa title: Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: an international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST) date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344688-uu3b529c author: Song, Xue-Jun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344572-90gqyn1q author: Lee, Whanhee title: COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345198-avnxgwwj author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345067-kummh0g7 author: Nachega, Jean B. title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344715-i7qxe40b author: Entress, Rebecca title: Managing Mass Fatalities during COVID‐19: Lessons for Promoting Community Resilience During Global Pandemics date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344682-4vpm7m1h author: Ellison, E Christopher title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344162-8gbe6qo7 author: Loomba, S. title: Measuring the Impact of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccine Intent in the UK and US date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345083-f2jzho3i author: Gachohi, John title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344817-8xz7xbh1 author: Hens, Niel title: The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345342-04tvuj9f author: Kumar, Rebecca N. title: COVID‐19 in an HIV‐positive Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345329-195cqp6s author: Heymann, Eric P title: How the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the importance of emergency medicine, and its vital role as a pillar of the healthcare system date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344653-to7571tw author: Whatley, Mary C. title: Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344653-to7571tw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345125-s96xufes author: McCloskey, Brian title: Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345125-s96xufes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344986-nknt413b author: Heymann, D L title: Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19? date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344986-nknt413b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345191-nabxpyw3 author: Bell, Sadie title: Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344978-m672rnze author: Chen, Yuntian title: A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344978-m672rnze.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344985-3mu9rrql author: Fakhruddin, Bapon title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345040-cuau2dcy author: Alom, Samiha title: Use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients: Does the evidence suffice? date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345358-b9u1l3sz author: Jacobs, Jeffrey title: Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345476-k8r14wi1 author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345304-n74m5ucs author: Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi title: THE CHALLENGING AND UNPREDICTABLE SPECTRUM OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345298-1hdk14xg author: Massari, Francesco title: Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients’ care date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345464-9cnbco2i author: Kwiatkowski, S. title: Why we should not stop giving aspirin to pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345466-sjryzsqh author: Meng, Xianchun title: Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345637-eg8kuewb author: Joob, B. title: Lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspicion of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345108-gtp36snr author: Al-Ani, Raid M. title: Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345510-togrmvlk author: Kinney, Brad title: Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344486-iu5flbcl author: Chiotos, Kathleen title: Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345444-j2hgzrtm author: Magoon, Rohan title: Compounded research challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344909-0o55l4iy author: Cross, Robert W. title: Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344948-cve3mqd8 author: Adhikari, Jagannath title: COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345184-0otbz5xo author: Mamani, Percy G Ruiz title: Propiedades de una escala de preocupación por el COVID-19: Análisis exploratorio en una muestra peruana date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345065-5520ckdr author: Maalouf, Fadi T. title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345356-gn1iwis0 author: Glebov, Oleg O. title: Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis for COVID‐19 drug repurposing date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344949-9zyz4hll author: Luban, Jeremy title: The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345288-qyz83xx2 author: Pata, Francesco title: Enteral stoma care during COVID‐19 pandemic: practical advice date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345064-it26ygo6 author: Lotzin, Annett title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344714-0cam9ipf author: Russo, Maria title: Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345139-gyvlikye author: Izquierdo-Domínguez, Adriana title: Pérdida del sentido del olfato durante la pandemia COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345338-pf4tsh3v author: Shaw, Brian title: The lingering manifestations of COVID-19 during and after convalescence: update on long-term pulmonary consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344824-myaiilra author: Sha, D. title: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344824-myaiilra.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345204-ch0e6lzl author: Scarlata, S. title: Design Of A Rapid And Reversible Fluorescence Assay To Detect COVID-19 And Other Pathogens date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345315-y3bdjnhg author: Dai, Yaoyao title: Identifying the outbreak signal of COVID-19 before the response of the traditional disease monitoring system date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345225-2s5xd1oc author: Soares, F. title: A novel high specificity COVID-19 screening method based on simple blood exams and artificial intelligence date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345674-wkwqlnz2 author: Kobayashi, Jun title: Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345180-i4syz2t1 author: He, M. title: A delayed modulation of solar radiation on the COVID-19 transmission reflects an incubation period date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345059-t6hojshj author: Bayoumy, A. B. title: Unrealized potential of drug repositioning in europe during COVID-19 and beyond: a physcian’s perspective date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344853-s2p2csrx author: Hendren, Nicholas S. title: Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344829-adlp2rjy author: de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Carlos title: The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345610-rx1zmajl author: Boggs, Steven D. title: Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People’s Energy as Key Variable date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi author: Fecchi, Katia title: Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345686-zy3sulbi author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Revascularization strategy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345528-rk16pt0i author: Yasar, Y. title: MantisCOVID: Rapid X-Ray Chest Radiograph and Mortality Rate Evaluation With Artificial Intelligence For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345745-t36jbg14 author: Murashita, Takashi title: Commentary: The Era of Great Uncertainty date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345114-b06uz0sj author: Klinger, Danielle title: Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345725-8ijgmbmr author: Shang, Jingjing title: COVID-19 Preparedness in U.S. Home Healthcare Agencies date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345680-10phij1x author: Terpos, Evangelos title: Hematological findings and complications of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345680-10phij1x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345937-ddwzr112 author: Mishra, Ajay Kumar title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345866-wy07gd17 author: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi title: Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345708-hlnjzunb author: Mahendran, Krishantini title: COVID‐19 and Postgraduate Dental Training—A commentary date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345360-wlzgq7f9 author: Yan, Alice F. title: Perceived Risk, Behavior Changes and Health-related Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings among Adults with and without Diabetes in China date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345432-nyklmyw0 author: Dong, Zai-Quan title: The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346037-1sgwy0tx author: Le Couteur, David G title: COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345611-xv62h83a author: Cavalcanti, A. B. title: Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin to prevent major clinical events in hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rationale and design of a randomised, controlled clinical trial date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345267-u24g6607 author: Lang, Frederick M. title: GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345267-u24g6607.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345858-xedkxkz4 author: Ge, Y. title: Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345557-680k32a6 author: Norbash, Alexander M. title: Early-Stage Radiology Volume Effects and Considerations with the COVID-19 Pandemic; Adaptations, Risks, and Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345557-680k32a6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345860-d02x3151 author: Thome, Johannes title: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345860-d02x3151.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345762-khvcoqti author: Scott, Ian A. title: COVID‐19 pandemic and the tension between the need to act and the need to know date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345480-w5zxzpj7 author: SHI, C. title: Clinical observations of low molecular weight heparin in relieving inflammation in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346019-nxn4sfzw author: Morollón, Noemí title: Tratamientos habituales utilizados en cefaleas y neuralgias y sars-cov-2.posicionamiento del grupo de estudio de cefaleas de la sociedad española de neurología date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345655-fb4vv4my author: Islam, M. Z. title: Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345737-b4r0jyjo author: Phillips, Dominique title: The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346008-6v2gdz4a author: Jeong, Areum title: Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345998-701aker9 author: Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat title: Challenging the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345998-701aker9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345998-701aker9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345998-701aker9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345730-bxwsup70 author: Kočar, Eva title: Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and COVID-19: basic concepts and clinical applications date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346017-wforwxes author: Kasperkiewicz, M. title: Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346017-wforwxes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345681-sj0ypr2c author: Parks, Courtney A title: Food System Workers are the Unexpected but Under Protected COVID Heroes date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345929-z7yfegr5 author: Thakur, Suman S. title: Proteomics and Its Application in Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345632-iha2c5zo author: Hamdy, Sherif M title: Management Strategies of Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346006-caxx5fbz author: van den Oever, Wendy title: Risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345841-pq5f82gf author: PATBERG, Elizabeth T. title: COVID-19 Infection and Placental Histopathology in Women Delivering at Term date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345976-z5gorbwp author: Cella, Laura title: Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345834-l2e5v39s author: Anacleto, M.A. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345910-o78scael author: Conejero, Ismaël title: Épidémie de COVID-19 et prise en charge des conduites suicidaires: challenge et perspectives date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345910-o78scael.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345910-o78scael.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345910-o78scael.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author: Grabia, Monika title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345879-nbfg47x5 author: Bonaz, Bruno title: Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345908-66lku5c2 author: Lin, Y. title: Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346100-j105jmmg author: Zehra, Syeda Sakina title: An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345381-9cckppk2 author: Klimek, Ludger title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345628-a4c46m2w author: Unudurthi, Sathya D. title: Cardiac inflammation in COVID-19: Lessons from heart failure date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346185-qmu1mrmx author: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345786-1o9nx7z9 author: Bernstein, Charles N title: Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346109-fcytebfz author: Lie, Jessica J. title: Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program's COVID-19 Experience date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346115-xilbhy37 author: Gattinoni, Luciano title: COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346160-n9i0blv1 author: Gogoi, Mayuri title: Putting the voices and insights of migrants and diverse ethnic groups at the centre of our response to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346225-dmwrm6jl author: Lucaciu, Ondine title: Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345809-tevi0sup author: Bidmead, Elaine title: Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay? date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346268-6oufmmw6 author: Infante, Maria‐Stefania title: COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346102-0fwf1m28 author: Tien, Homer title: Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346015-bzeqs5oh author: Wang, Yeming title: Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346087-oa8k5xwc author: Chen, Dan title: Serum Cystatin C and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting Critical Illness and Mortality for Adult Patients date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345887-ymo4mxx7 author: Pinky title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346026-l9cyzocv author: Aneja, Ranjan title: An assessment of socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in India date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346461-eqyte6ko author: Scialpi, Michele title: Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346135-uidvtpjw author: Parks, Anna L. title: COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346184-jp3hfbrq author: TALEB, S. M. title: The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346395-vdlk3ck2 author: Martín-Noguerol, Teodoro title: Teleworking beyond teleradiology: managing radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346182-61i4jjys author: Myers, Jeffrey L title: Frontline Workers in the Backrooms of COVID-19: Caring for the Living and the Dead date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346024-7e6px71s author: Das, Dipayan title: Truncated inception net: COVID-19 outbreak screening using chest X-rays date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345092-1ztfcpsb author: Iwasaki, Masae title: Inflammation Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Augment Drives Multiple Organ Failure of Severe COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345371-pjbviagq author: Lisi, Lucia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345973-fb3gkc0f author: Thibault, Ronan title: Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346345-jc9bq0zu author: Smith, Colin M title: COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346246-2phtdgh4 author: Mattar, Shaikh Abdul Matin title: Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346329-xwbtftju author: Mallow, Peter J. title: When Second Best Might Be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346370-jdfsacds author: Sergi, Consolato M. title: The Facemask in Public and Healthcare Workers– A Need not a Belief date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346075-q4jbqsh1 author: Rohith, G. title: Dynamics and control of COVID-19 pandemic with nonlinear incidence rates date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2 author: Nazir, Mehrab title: A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346459-tkt5ldyo author: Jie, Li Shao title: Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia after admission outside Wuhan, China date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346067-zly8p0y7 author: Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo title: Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346105-2f6nj4to author: Yang, T.-H. title: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346679-pgynu3s1 author: Nikogosov, Dimitri A title: Comment on “ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank” by Kuo et al. date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346635-rcwrbahh author: Park, Kee B. title: Global Neurosurgery in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346187-pd65r6cp author: Singh, Omvir title: Association between climatic variables and COVID-19 pandemic in National Capital Territory of Delhi, India date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346596-uahjsqzh author: DOYEN, Denis title: Characteristics of cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346325-grt67p73 author: Reilev, M. title: Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 9,519 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: A nationwide cohort date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346325-grt67p73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346501-6e91kt6c author: Pitt, Michael B title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346508-voe8zi2r author: Freudenberg, Lutz S. title: Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments: An International Survey in April 2020 date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346967-br4kpm6i author: Bongiovanni, Marco title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346062-q0trgj12 author: Robert, René title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 14 resourceName b'cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346656-5nz0bs4v author: Masini, Francesco title: Rheumatic disease management in the Campania region of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346815-4t4gr0jz author: Moshayedi, Pouria title: Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346483-jc0xklzk author: Chen, Jun title: Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346512-y5d8q5b9 author: Pellicciaro, Marco title: Breast cancer patients with hormone neoadjuvant bridging therapy due to asymptomatic Corona virus infection. Case report, clinical and histopathologic findings date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346338-kdjgu93q author: Spinelli, Maria title: Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346310-venpta28 author: Filgueiras, A. title: Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346310-venpta28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346310-venpta28.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346310-venpta28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346241-w076l97s author: Zhang, Hua title: Dynamic CT assessment of disease change and prognosis of patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346241-w076l97s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346565-vsgbmxzv author: Cascella, Marco title: Rapid and Impressive Response to a Combined Treatment with Single-Dose Tocilizumab and NIV in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia/ARDS date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346265-jx4kspen author: Tatapudi, Hanisha title: Impact assessment of full and partial stay-at-home orders, face mask usage, and contact tracing: An agent-based simulation study of COVID-19 for an urban region date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346276-1dcp05rd author: Bonfá, Eloisa title: How COVID-19 is changing rheumatology clinical practice date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346721-l6y3n21b author: Vega, Marisa title: From the Trenches: Inpatient Management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author: Awasthi, Amit title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346497-q34w8ewl author: Liu, Fang-Yan title: Evaluation of the Risk Prediction Tools for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346050-ssv1arr1 author: Hodgkinson, Tarah title: Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346281-sma6e891 author: Maldonado, Valente title: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346281-sma6e891.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346346-h09pn9sh author: Shaikh, Sana title: Management of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346248-6wkyar57 author: de Moura, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux title: Diagnostic Characteristics of Serological-Based COVID-19 Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346288-9to4sdfq author: Haimovich, A. title: Development and validation of the COVID-19 severity index (CSI): a prognostic tool for early respiratory decompensation date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346917-5dgnj11a author: Kuppalli, Krutika title: A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346735-52v6pbue author: Palchaudhuri, Sonali title: Adapting a GI Fellowship to a Pandemic: Novel Approaches to Accommodating a Novel Virus date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346558-u1e0kzmm author: Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia title: Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346616-kr500kgj author: Qian, Song-Zan title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe and Critical Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Wenzhou: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346496-crhv0gnt author: Sun, Ying title: Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346607-1mewok8l author: Oesterle, Tyler S. title: Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346581-wgvx9usr author: Maza-Solano, Juan Manuel title: “Estrategias para la práctica de la otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello durante la fase de control de la COVID-19” date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346782-tgaqtnpz author: Baldassarre, Emanuele title: An andrologist in the front line Covid-19 team date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347030-yx3j6373 author: Cao, Xuetao title: COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346560-jir00627 author: ELGhamrawy, S. M. title: Diagnosis and Prediction Model for COVID19 Patients Response to Treatment based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Whale Optimization Algorithm Using CT Images date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346560-jir00627.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346560-jir00627.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346560-jir00627.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347151-ni94qi4r author: Vespa, Edoardo title: Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat? date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347013-nt6jmmcw author: Retzlaff, Kimberly J. title: COVID‐19 Emergency Management Structure and Protocols date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346146-yal0ctpq author: Peyronnet, Violaine title: Infection par le SARS-CoV-2 chez les femmes enceintes. Actualisation de l’état des connaissances et de la proposition de prise en charge. CNGOF date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346347-r4ork18p author: Borrion, Hervé title: Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346858-18q8rxzg author: Hossain, Md. Tanvir title: Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346998-01i6zxv8 author: Kulkarni, Spoorthy title: COVID-19 and hypertension date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346711-2k736hvr author: Shetty, Rohit title: Stem cell therapy in COVID-19 – current evidence and future potential date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346712-ky5gt3pu author: Soltan, A. A. title: Artificial intelligence driven assessment of routinely collected healthcare data is an effective screening test for COVID-19 in patients presenting to hospital date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346606-bsvlr3fk author: Siriwardhana, Yushan title: The role of 5G for digital healthcare against COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346758-pi1hf6xg author: Egerup, P. title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at delivery in women, partners and newborns date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347048-qqft4yc9 author: Araten, David J. title: Mild Clinical Course of COVID-19 in 3 Patients Receiving Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting C5 Complement for Hematologic Disorders date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346842-ip4i3bdk author: Jeon, JuYeun title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials for Medical Products in Korea date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346866-90w4zepx author: Bassareo, Pier Paolo title: Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347024-8fhb0j68 author: Dang, Q. title: COVID-19 In Shang Hai: It is Worth Learning from the Successful Experience in Preventing and Controlling the Overseas Epidemic Situation date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346987-fbqqf00i author: Guo, Yongwen title: Controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in orthodontic practice date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347109-vgubi2k8 author: Okoi, Obasesam title: How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346811-gorp9n1g author: Hippisley-Cox, Julia title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346968-b7g4myed author: Barry, Heather E. title: Managing medicines in the time of COVID-19: implications for community-dwelling people with dementia date: 2020-08-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346791-f2bjsopv author: Arslan, Gökmen title: Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346787-uo8k6qic author: Jorgensen, Sarah CJ title: Remdesivir: Review of pharmacology, pre‐clinical data and emerging clinical experience for COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347238-yacn6xqk author: Angurala, Mohit title: An Internet of Things Assisted Drone Based Approach to Reduce Rapid Spread of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346930-gl573ip9 author: Hussain, Azhar title: Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatments of Novel COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347090-sqw7n1v2 author: Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Moises title: New onset severe right ventricular failure associated with COVID-19 in a young infant without previous heart disease date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347058-kejcwlng author: Akbari, Hamed title: The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347185-ttf8oigk author: Hart, Andrew title: Editorial - Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347104-h168kqjn author: Ghosh, Ritwik title: A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346995-2e84y1hl author: Hoang, Van Minh title: Describing the pattern of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347404-nv70mlae author: Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. title: Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347263-ci6mv72z author: Berekashvili, k. title: Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS-COV-2 Virus patients date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347333-h899xkfy author: Li, Z. title: From Community Acquired Pneumonia to COVID-19: A Deep Learning Based Method for Quantitative Analysis of COVID-19 on thick-section CT Scans date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347186-tbtmqmpr author: Acharya, Yogesh title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347388-9uqgt7wb author: Garrido-Hermosilla, Antonio Manuel title: Auditoría inmunitaria de COVID-19 en el servicio de Oftalmología de un hospital de tercer nivel antes del desconfinamiento date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author: Lorusso, Domenica title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347260-7glhaow6 author: Bi, Xiaojie title: Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347277-8bmcd22v author: Huang, Ying hui title: The respiratory sound features of COVID-19 patients fill gaps between clinical data and screening methods date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346942-88l03lf0 author: Kerpel, Ariel title: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19 at Presentation date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347490-9eyq4j14 author: Cimerman, Sergio title: Deep Impact of COVID-19 in the HealthCare of Latin America: the case of Brazil date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347091-wbjpa5st author: Davis, Matthew R. title: That Escalated Quickly: Remdesivir's Place in Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347081-g96cxamu author: Picchio, Camila A. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347500-sigm6tos author: Vetter, Thomas R. title: The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347288-ub0l4mov author: Yin, Xi title: Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347414-t88654wo author: Peng, Mian title: Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347414-t88654wo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347245-35naeuo7 author: Zhou, Yongjie title: The prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances of frontline medical staff in China under the COVID-19 epidemic: workload should be concerned date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347504-pkkh9uy4 author: Rajhans, Vidyut title: Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities and way forward in Indian Optometry date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347356-uc9dqhyq author: Cooper, TJ title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346389-gbmnoo84 author: Callender, Lauren A. title: The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347535-tgou78o7 author: Goh, Kah Kheng title: Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons date: 2020-08-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347780-jrbiww9j author: FAYSSOIL, Abdallah title: The Right Ventricle in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347737-guldy3cq author: Dalan, Rinkoo title: Metformin, Neutrophils and COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347349-caz5fwl1 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Distinctive trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic by age and gender: a retrospective modeling of the epidemic in South Korea date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346894-iy35298o author: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346894-iy35298o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347548-h5fk64p8 author: Zarza, José title: Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347360-l1v93av4 author: Shapira, Guy title: Ethnic differences in alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID‐19 fatality rates date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347126-hvrly37e author: Stanton, Robert title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347384-lwrrm5kx author: Klocker, J. title: Operieren, Absagen, Verschieben oder Selektionieren?: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter gefäßchirurgischen Zentren während der Covid-19-Krise in Österreich date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347547-makm0j09 author: Duran-Frigola, Miquel title: Bioactivity Profile Similarities to Expand the Repertoire of COVID-19 Drugs date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347547-makm0j09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347308-l19snjyf author: García-Howard, Marcos title: Case Report: Benign Infantile Seizures Temporally Associated With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author: Li, Michael title: Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347225-gh51ag2x author: Fu, Weihui title: A clinical pilot study on the safety and efficacy of aerosol inhalation treatment of IFN-κ plus TFF2 in patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347631-78h9w2ty author: Yun, Debo title: Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347488-th07jo7u author: Akseer, Nadia title: COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347446-yw0nk7fo author: Vantarakis, A. title: COVID-19 and Environmental factors. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347718-qctii42h author: Sgura, Fabio Alfredo title: Complicated myocardial infarction in a 99-year-old lady in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: from the need to rule out coronavirus infection to emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347718-qctii42h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347262-q88g1561 author: Schutzer‐Weissmann, J. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection risk during elective peri‐operative care: a narrative review date: 2020-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347262-q88g1561.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author: Skevaki, Chrysanthi title: Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347602-ab2gv1e5 author: de Melo, A. C. title: Cancer inpatient with COVID-19: a report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author: Mazzola, Santina M. title: Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347199-slq70aou author: Safta, Cosmin title: Characterization of partially observed epidemics through Bayesian inference: application to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347199-slq70aou.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347492-zz3walri author: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347492-zz3walri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347778-b2ufs25y author: Ebigbo, Alanna title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347870-lnwjr9be author: Tsui, Edmund title: Using Social Media to Disseminate Ophthalmic Information During the #COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347835-6zx9g2io author: Ashraf, Said title: Acute coronary syndrome in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347816-e2xkzps9 author: Wesemann, U. title: Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347607-ydbyonbg author: Spagnuolo, Rocco title: COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patient Knowledge and Perceptions in a Single Center Survey date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347926-63w578b2 author: Ruan, Pei-sen title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Study date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347926-63w578b2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347834-skj40pmi author: Ruggiero, Antonio title: Diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347684-qzswojwp author: Majumder, Ranabir title: Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347874-cmgd5rqt author: de Miguel Beriain, Iñigo title: Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347515-3dbx61tz author: de Moura, J. title: Deep convolutional approaches for the analysis of Covid-19 using chest X-Ray images from portable devices date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347906-3ehsg8oi author: Zhang, Zizhen title: Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347789-ou4unny6 author: Croll, Leah title: The psychosocial implications of COVID-19 for a neurology program in a pandemic epicenter date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347900-nzd15vab author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347697-uz0i6wfp author: McLean, Ross C. title: A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a “lockdown” effect? date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347480-vs57lu1f author: Wang, Shu title: Psychological distress and sleep problems when people are under interpersonal isolation during an epidemic: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347675-kgx920dn author: Audrey, Fresse title: Spontaneous reported cardiotoxicity induced by lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19. An alleged past-resolved problem date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347549-9pijmlpz author: Wang, Quan Qiu title: COVID-19 risk and outcomes in patients with substance use disorders: analyses from electronic health records in the United States date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347553-d7q6u7vj author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid‐19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347813-9vfwl7c0 author: Jackson, M. L. title: Low-Impact Social Distancing Interventions to Mitigate Local Epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347898-appzi43a author: Hu, Zeming title: The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347898-appzi43a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347691-ia2i8svg author: Larici, Anna Rita title: Multimodality imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia: from diagnosis to follow-up. A comprehensive review date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347752-2ejnva4u author: Mrabti, Hind title: Cancer management challenge in a developing country in COVID-19 pandemic: reflection of a group of Moroccan oncologists date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347895-z9a54f6g author: Gaibazzi, N. title: Lung disease severity, Coronary Artery Calcium, Coronary inflammation and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019. date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348039-kl1a0au3 author: Majowicz, S. E. title: What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347289-3yi5tz04 author: Poon, L. . C. title: ISUOG Interim Guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals – an update date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348222-pd0zzcue author: Ansari Ramandi, Mohammad Mostafa title: Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347775-hidb8q1u author: Karatza, Eleni title: Optimization of hydroxychloroquine dosing scheme based on COVID-19 patients’ characteristics: a review of the literature and simulations date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348155-otcg3lgh author: Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M. title: Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347818-93ixqyfp author: Hojyo, Shintaro title: How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347968-jhnr8k3j author: Herrera, David title: Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347982-omxcdiwt author: Basso, Fernanda Gisele title: Cooperative efforts on developing vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 Cooperative efforts for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347969-2sdwwuu5 author: Grunau, Brian title: Bystanders are less willing to resuscitate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348172-q3zcn5pf author: Poli, Daniela title: Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347460-9vechh4x author: Chang, Feng-Yee title: Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348121-c7jq240j author: Tagliabue, Fabio title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348297-k9fuegol author: Zhou, Feng title: Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348139-bx1rt5ko author: Dhamne, Chetan title: Comment on: The COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP‐E, SIOP‐PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347890-kx5vka0o author: Fan, Qian title: Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Wuhan date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348024-n8wn4och author: Lei, Fang title: Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID‐19 in China date: 2020-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348212-c2iibuqa author: Cavallo, Federica title: Novel coronavirus infection and children date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347935-jfx9037u author: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title: Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348351-naktgl9o author: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348414-y6vh63xk author: Berger, W. R. title: Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347884-zpzncgiv author: Galimberti, Andrea title: Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347351-emdj66vj author: Kampf, Günter title: Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348053-s0ijzyaq author: Mueller, Alisa A. title: Inflammatory biomarker trends predict respiratory decline in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348365-e90544er author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Lung Injury in COVID-19—An Emerging Hypothesis date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348365-e90544er.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348365-e90544er.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348365-e90544er.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348388-nkosag8m author: Nirenberg, Michael S. title: Foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr virus: A case study date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348364-jb0lvhq5 author: Rehman, Tyler title: Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347916-9suvf3ln author: Kong, Man title: Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347955-bud745if author: Jenelius, Erik title: Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts date: 2020-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347955-bud745if.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347955-bud745if.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347955-bud745if.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348406-tg0c51oi author: Atrah, Hasan I title: Alternative management of Covid-19 infection date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author: Riggioni, Carmen title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348350-pac9ha4q author: Martin-Blondel, G title: Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348298-rtm8dn43 author: O’Connor, Karen title: Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347459-8ju196uu author: Nikolovska, Manja title: “Show this thread”: policing, disruption and mobilisation through Twitter. An analysis of UK law enforcement tweeting practices during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348056-kx9wvw8c author: Goh, H. P. title: Risk factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rate: A quantitative analysis of top 50 affected countries date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348022-nt5omngy author: Pavlidis, Pollyanna title: Clinical guidelines for caring for women with COVID-19 during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348358-dg3sa9ho author: Yüce, Meltem Özden title: An analysis of YouTube videos as educational resources for dental practitioners to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348430-8xk4dt7t author: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi title: COVID‐19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED‐ZONE declaration date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348422-werg9ofa author: Shamsah, Mohammed A title: Right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348202-6we8e60b author: Drake, Daniel H. title: Echo in Pandemic: Front Line Perspective, Expanding Role of Ultrasound and Ethics of Resource Allocation date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348221-w37lfv7e author: Zhou, Yongjie title: The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348246-prwg2wvm author: Gabriel, Andrade title: The role of psychiatrists in addressing COVID-19 conspiracy theories date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author: Ueyama, Hiroki title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348566-48hovz3f author: Nichols, James H title: A Laboratory Risk Assessment during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh author: Giallonardo, Vincenzo title: The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348249-zhfrgaxf author: Osborne, V. title: Systematic benefit-risk assessment for the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19: Establishing a framework for rapid decision-making date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348501-8cvtqj7w author: Beyzaee, Amir Mohammad title: Rituximab as the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris in the COVID‐19 pandemic era: A narrative review date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348537-rsdyiygo author: Pignatti, Marco title: How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northen Italy date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348494-yx11ucrb author: Ali, Kamran title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348051-o1hxoasp author: Upadhyaya, Gaurav K. title: Challenges and strategies in management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348786-25o7tam4 author: Mella, Alberto title: Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348652-7n7rnonw author: Ramos, Roberta Pulcheri title: Thrombosis and anticoagulation in COVID-19 date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348748-rxyh58eu author: Gorospe, Luis title: COVID-19: Thoracic Diagnostic Interventional Procedures in Troubled Times() date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348709-y1tws6p9 author: Yusoff, Muhamad Saiful Bahri title: Sustainable Medical Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surviving the New Normal date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348464-1c08mb2k author: Winter, Taylor title: Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348459-v3e1zqpa author: Sung, J. title: Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Room date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348674-ifcfyecf author: Goh, Khean‐Lee title: COVID‐19 and the digestive system: More than just a “flu” date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348521-ai7d634u author: Atif, Muhammad title: COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348535-tvs1snq8 author: Ottaviani, Silvia title: What is the best drug to treat COVID-19? The need for randomized controlled trials date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348458-dwj90mbq author: Narula, Nupoor title: Cardiology Practice and Training Post-COVID-19: Achieving “Normalcy” After Disruption date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348436-mwitcseq author: Bu, F. title: Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347984-iqsbrw88 author: Shi, Feng title: Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348771-gr7oa9up author: Karri, Jay title: Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348941-orpngirf author: Torkian, Pooya title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348941-orpngirf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348848-js36pw2r author: Filut, Amarette title: Will Losing Black Physicians Be a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348725-vksombro author: Teo, Leng Woon title: "Coping with COVID-19: perspectives of student radiographers" date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348725-vksombro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348725-vksombro.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348725-vksombro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348755-2g5gi1du author: Chow, D. S. title: Development and External Validation of a Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Critical Disease date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k author: Yánez Benítez, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348823-u2gm3kyh author: Baksh, Mizba title: A Systematic Review of Cases of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348435-z1c16thl author: Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra title: City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348777-pk9y6vfp author: Ding, Cheng title: Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348573-uyuazdhk author: Soraci, Paolo title: Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale date: 2020-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348619-rnjvdu12 author: Lai, Lucinda title: Digital triage: Novel strategies for population health management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348696-86nbwon2 author: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348567-rvwxysvc author: Panfili, F. M. title: Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348588-s85sseqo author: Gharakhanlou, Navid Mahdizadeh title: Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348787-8htlnb52 author: Hettiarachchi, Dineshani title: Ethical Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from Sri Lanka date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348269-6z0kiapa author: Nguyen, Quynh C. title: Using 164 Million Google Street View Images to Derive Built Environment Predictors of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348807-9xxc5hyl author: Cuomo, Raphael E. title: Sub-national longitudinal and geospatial analysis of COVID-19 tweets date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348927-g69gt0oh author: Li, Tong title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349095-fnlgm4dv author: Youssef, Sofian title: First impressions of the foundation interim year 1 postings: positives, pitfalls, and perils date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349124-nhnl7zgi author: de Sandes‐Freitas, Tainá Veras title: Lessons from SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348658-fz5nfdf9 author: Weiner, Joseph A. title: Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide? date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348773-ulnc9gdv author: Hammoud, H. title: Post mortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347121-5drl3xas author: Farah, I. title: A global omics data sharing and analytics marketplace: Case study of a rapid data COVID-19 pandemic response platform. date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348855-lnltoj1n author: Iannaccone, Giulia title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349104-p0egfpx9 author: Modi, Anita R. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient living with human immunodeficiency virus date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348806-yi9vbgwj author: Saladino, Valeria title: The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348879-opzkodt7 author: Nune, A. title: Challenges in delivering rheumatology care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349198-mx5pu9fq author: Sverzellati, Nicola title: Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348813-v1sdodz9 author: Kefale, Belayneh title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348803-2lix3a0u author: Ikemura, K. title: Using Automated-Machine Learning to Predict COVID-19 Patient Survival: Identify Influential Biomarkers date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349408-2ser9zjc author: Iannuzzi, Nicholas P. title: An Orthopaedic Department’s Response to the COVID-19 Health-Care Crisis: Indirect and Direct Actions with Thoughts for the Future date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348963-1faxyx9x author: ALHAERY, M. title: A COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index: The Key to Opening up the Economy date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349144-cvmebr3f author: Barca, Ida title: Telemedicine in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery: An Effective Alternative in Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348835-4ocuw8uk author: Aurelio, Mauro title: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 inpatients: Incidence and management in a multicenter experience from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349031-tbof9yqi author: Chen, Shiu-Jau title: Novel Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348847-53s19r16 author: Lu, T. title: Internet Search Patterns Reveal Clinical Course of Disease Progression for COVID-19 and Predict Pandemic Spread in 32 Countries date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348847-53s19r16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349565-g1emvmdu author: Conti, Clara Benedetta title: Bleeding in COVID-19 severe pneumonia: The other side of abnormal coagulation pattern? date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348976-hgty4t7c author: Cai, Yi title: Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349439-3z0b77r5 author: Mandal, Amitabha title: A Systematic Review on Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: Current Guidelines and Safety Measures date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349263-mmfrqyrc author: Rodríguez, A. title: Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349297-de6vwlh5 author: Chow, D. S. title: The disproportionate rise in COVID-19 cases among Hispanic/Latinx in disadvantaged communities of Orange County, California: A socioeconomic case-series date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349618-s85oi17h author: Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: Challenges of Oral Medicine Specialistsat the time of COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349867-e4f3qlae author: Nkodo, Jacques-Alexis title: Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349355-k48s9sum author: Janssen, Joris title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a male adult with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author: Yıldız, Erman title: What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349645-6o8773c5 author: Li, He title: Air Pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349840-xs2chzmn author: Sharma, Varun Kumar title: COVID-19 and Anticoagulant based therapeutics: an approach with great promise date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349360-dv4lxx52 author: Cozza, Valerio title: I-ACTSS-COVID-19—the Italian acute care and trauma surgery survey for COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348975-plne3xlz author: Wagner, Tyler title: Augmented curation of clinical notes from a massive EHR system reveals symptoms of impending COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349757-lhdkps01 author: Barba, Maddalena title: Cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019: evidence in context date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349226-xzlc1pni author: Khatiwada, Saroj title: Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible link and implications date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349822-ehidj2ev author: Chang, Raymond title: Repositioned chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for COVID-19: A protocol for rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349794-mhviub6e author: Le, Brian L. title: Transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline identifies therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349418-98sgr5iv author: Bo, Yacong title: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020 date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348999-989vojgu author: Boddington, N. L. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348999-989vojgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349566-zx9kt144 author: de Alencar, Julio Cesar Garcia title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with N-acetylcysteine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349842-2euxyh5l author: Gu, Renjun title: The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349852-atayq3fi author: Volpe, Massimo title: COVID-19 and the Forgotten Majority date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349945-kur9r5n5 author: Bataille, Stanislas title: Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients? date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348717-qgny6f6y author: Shumba, Constance title: Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349841-eigcqb1b author: Boukanjime, Brahim title: Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349078-59wel5o5 author: Kanniah, Kasturi Devi title: COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349474-pprxwij6 author: Elshami, Wiam title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349159-rndtf508 author: Brosseau, Lisa M title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349159-rndtf508.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349313-2gupfqnl author: Martinez-Perez, Clara title: Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349912-em1abdrg author: Meng, Xiangming title: COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349868-lb2jcl8m author: Patel, Jay title: Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349678-79zlgjqi author: Warrior, Krishnan title: Acute Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Thrombosis Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349740-xed4aybr author: Wang, Yulong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349836-m9b65l75 author: Malhotra, C. title: Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349428-i2s41kl7 author: Griffin, Ian title: The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Labor and Delivery, Newborn Nursery, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prospective Observational Data from a Single Hospital System date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349909-hmyv1nep author: Misa, Nana-Yaa title: Racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 disease burden & mortality among emergency department patients in a safety net health system date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349646-imv0sc9y author: Lee, Yonghyun title: Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349898-nvi8h77t author: Dinh, Ly title: COVID‐19 pandemic and information diffusion analysis on Twitter date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349755-81ijzz3a author: Perz, Catherine A. title: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a US College Sample date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349786-12lc3342 author: Acquah, Samuel title: Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic African Region date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349786-12lc3342.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349558-vof63qat author: Jain, Vageesh title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349558-vof63qat.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350110-tybh207e author: Poggiali, Erika title: Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350110-tybh207e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349838-p6vfzbla author: Algwaiz, Ghada title: Real-world issues and potential solutions in HCT during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from the WBMT and the CIBMTR's Health Services and International Studies Committee date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349973-7441gjda author: Ahmed, Y. N. title: Predictors of CPAP outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349973-7441gjda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350053-bgtl85mq author: Terzi, Francesca title: Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349415-q0g0uqj6 author: Commodari, Elena title: Adolescents in Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Perceived Health Risk, Beliefs, Psychological Experiences and Expectations for the Future date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 author: McDade, Thomas W. title: Beyond serosurveys: Human biology and the measurement of SARS‐Cov‐2 antibodies date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author: Ji, Ping title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350041-b1vmnwv2 author: Cena, Hellas title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350134-gl3qtoug author: Brun, Gilles title: COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350065-frg7gvf5 author: Parolari, Alessandro title: Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to ‘phase’ 2 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350059-c25md0vm author: Delgado, Diego title: Personal Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities and Perspectives of Healthcare Workers in Latin America † date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349500-603v8lfb author: Neurath, Markus F title: Covid-19 and immunomodulation in IBD date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350177-j9wyrfse author: Stewart, John A. title: ILCOR’s revised Covid-19 defibrillation recommendation requires a new approach to training date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349980-x1h5dhn9 author: Ge, Huiqing title: Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350236-7fit8q1s author: Wan, Bin title: On-site analysis of COVID-19 on the surfaces in wards date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350006-c4be9eii author: Martina, Stefano title: The Perception of COVID-19 among Italian Dentists: An Orthodontic Point of View date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350185-xastx0qi author: Whembolua, Guy-Lucien title: Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349477-3qhpu7v0 author: Jarynowski, A. title: An attempt to optimize human resources allocation based on spatial diversity of COVID-19 cases in Poland date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350383-a7wa571o author: Sudeep, HV title: Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349899-3hprecor author: Cohen, J. A. title: Schools are not islands: Balancing COVID-19 risk and educational benefits using structural and temporal countermeasures date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349899-3hprecor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349353-2ll9hzfr author: Giordano, Chiara title: Freedom or money? The dilemma of migrant live‐in elderly carers in times of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349954-bozgrzvf author: Quintaliani, Giuseppe title: Exposure to novel coronavirus in patients on renal replacement therapy during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: survey of the Italian Society of Nephrology date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350375-07l9hqsr author: Escher, Allan R title: An Ounce of Prevention: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Mass Gatherings date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350131-rsrlri8m author: Amer, Mohamed A. title: Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350130-c4u0gxp5 author: Wu, Yi-Chi title: The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview date: 2020-02-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349276-viq01q8l author: Shaw, Rajib title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350321-jy4i403g author: Ku, Benson S. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350239-jwwazskv author: Begley, J. L. title: Assessing the risk of nosocomial infection posed by COVID‐19 tracheal intubation: the first intubateCOVID results date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350200-1w5u3w8i author: Hendren, Elizabeth M. title: An Interprofessional Approach in Caring for a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis with COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada: An Educational Case Report date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350016-yxf7ykva author: Qin, Le title: A predictive model and scoring system combining clinical and CT characteristics for the diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350066-xwf7u4n5 author: Zhang, Baozhen title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350232-zml4o93t author: Peck, Richard W title: A Real‐World Evidence Framework for Optimising Dosing in All Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350377-vq9eblr0 author: Sukumar, Vivek title: Colorectal Services in Covid-19 Times: Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, the Need of the Hour date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350001-pd2bnqbp author: Liu, L. title: Estimating the Changing Infection Rate of COVID-19 Using Bayesian Models of Mobility date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350179-ltk5hfc4 author: Paganini, Matteo title: Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350182-s10nong7 author: Milionis, Charalampos title: A brief analysis and hypotheses about the risk of COVID-19 for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350182-s10nong7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350338-lcsa06gm author: Wang, Kun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350325-vu8v9epr author: Malih, Narges title: Unexpected Presentation of COVID-19 in a 38-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350207-izkzl39p author: Prost, Stephanie Grace title: Prisons and COVID-19: A Desperate Call for Gerontological Expertise in Correctional Health Care date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350261-7lkcdisr author: Asirvatham, Edwin Sam title: Who is dying from COVID-19 and when? An Analysis of fatalities in Tamil Nadu, India date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350255-tthttyl3 author: Poirier, Canelle title: The role of environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak: an initial assessment in two spatial scales date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350429-v36lrg3p author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan title: Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350466-z5yvfo22 author: Jena, Anuraag title: Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350473-f47i7y5h author: Sen-Crowe, Brendon title: COVID-19 laboratory testing issues and capacities as we transition to surveillance testing and contact tracing date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349682-kpg0vley author: Ojha, Probir Kumar title: Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices—where we are, where we are heading to date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350406-o90k48vy author: Mannheim, Jonathan title: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March–April 2020 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349902-3ov501xx author: Sufian, Abu title: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350390-ukoi8jyg author: Demkina, A. E. title: Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349445-yh6ndtgm author: Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar title: Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349329-f0pbd968 author: Bosteels, Cedric title: Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350082-n39wakfp author: Yi, Zhan-Miao title: Mapping Evidence of Pharmacy Services for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350468-32qin4ak author: Song, Cong-Ying title: Immune dysfunction following COVID-19, especially in severe patients date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350614-4umq61rf author: Freeman, Phyllis title: Richard Horton. The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What’s gone wrong and how to stop it happening again: Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2020. pp 133, Paperback $14.95USD, ISBN-13:978-1-5095-4645-9 and 13:978-1-5095-4645-9 (pb) date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350450-43v36b2s author: Jakhar, Deepak title: Dermoscopy Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by SIG Dermoscopy (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350456-lter7hy2 author: Lewis, Shantel title: Diagnostic radiographers’ experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350172-w3yoxhsg author: Mertens, Pascal title: Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350521-jfd5gd2p author: Bong, Choon-Looi title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350460-80eu9b9c author: Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal title: COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350498-jwweg06f author: Abebe, Ayele title: Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350492-1s6wtj25 author: Ruscitti, Piero title: Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350281-vmz7gnhm author: Meleveedu, Kapil S title: Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 related illness – A community academic medical center experience date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350636-ufwfitue author: Shumilov, Evgenii title: Comparison of Chest Ultrasound and Standard X-Ray Imaging in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350529-yqtu059x author: Evans, Samantha title: Implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350540-s6is9ndm author: Pinto, Rogério M. title: COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350941-hlx60qyr author: Pang, Peng title: 51.22 USING TELEPHONIC FOLLOW-UP TO ASSESS ADOLESCENT FUNCTIONING DURING THE COVID-19 SHUTDOWN IN HENAN, CHINA date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350015-mg5wiihj author: Chen, Yiyin title: Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350639-iguadmw1 author: Padlina, G title: Secondary Cerebrovascular Prevention in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350660-12ienbdx author: Huang, Wei title: Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350437-dq1il88y author: Reale, Maria Lucia title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: A Picture of an Italian Onco-Covid Unit date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350594-0zxq4lxc author: Patel, Ishan title: Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350714-zfprrxt4 author: Yao, Ye title: Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350379-6l55soxu author: Lee, Jenny J. title: Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350700-cmwy5we8 author: Ahmed, M. title: Optimizing breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350859-0khu9mz3 author: Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini title: Increasing molecular diagnostic capacity and COVID-19 incidence in Brazil date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350062-6xsh2pis author: Juul, Sophie title: Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350946-o8eohq9h author: van Buuren, Asia title: “COVID-19 as the equalizer”: Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350821-0qfoc553 author: Jahromi, Reza title: Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350589-h6hotlqk author: Cieszanowski, Andrzej title: Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies – recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350679-69lv4wbz author: Shinde, Rajesh S. title: To Do or Not to Do?—A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350919-by4zwniq author: Chowdhuri, Indrajit title: Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350767-6kc4hyzo author: Beh, Darius L L title: The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350842-4m82l5t8 author: Xing, Jun title: Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350648-y0ufxwhq author: Bahn, Geon Ho title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, School Closures, and Children’s Mental Health date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351085-t4rxu2hq author: Ortoleva, J. title: Intracranial Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on ECMO: Challenges and Future Directions date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351246-0kjqrf06 author: Zahnd, Whitney E. title: The COVID‐19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author: Bai, Li title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351017-yntcwq9t author: Li, Xuelian title: COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350907-lazslqn0 author: Isik, Ahmet Turan title: Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350622-8tgxdbyi author: Palit, Partha title: Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350519-3h5ipcwn author: Paul, L. A. title: Characteristics associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351040-j3ltpaa0 author: Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza title: Encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author: Rashid, Sabina Faiz title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351407-7vx9lzi0 author: Mehta, Puja title: JAK inhibitors in COVID-19: need for vigilance regarding increased inherent thrombotic risk date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351187-kxouck2q author: Cothran, Thomas P. title: A Brewing Storm: The Neuropsychological Sequelae of Hyperinflammation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351101-l8b2cv4z author: Uppuluri, Ellen M title: Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351031-e8suoeim author: Liang En Ian, Wee title: Containing COVID-19 outside the isolation ward: the impact of an infection control bundle on environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351004-h6fde7vm author: Gudipati, Smitha title: Descriptive Analysis of Patients Living With HIV Affected by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351280-13vz8rg8 author: Dubicka, Bernadka title: Editorial: How in the world are we handling COVID‐19? date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351369-ugba8uah author: Gao, Wenqi title: A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350990-tywbe4o2 author: Checchi, Vittorio title: COVID‐19 dentistry‐related aspects: a literature overview date: 2020-07-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351092-b01o6f69 author: De Francesco, Maria A. title: Pneumocystis jirevocii and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: A Common Feature in Transplant Recipients? date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351189-56am76lb author: Rosen, Melissa H title: Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351189-56am76lb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351038-k2m6woow author: Arun Krishnan, R. title: COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350784-v8n44lwa author: Walker, J. L. title: UK prevalence of underlying conditions which increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: a point prevalence study using electronic health records date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351129-lzzyn570 author: Lee, Jae-Hyun title: Management of Allergic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author: Mo, Yuanyuan title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351166-0pajmek3 author: Kligerman, Maxwell P. title: Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351022-8y43jhmu author: Schwartz, Carmela title: A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351056-5j8uh1yx author: Liu, Gaoli title: Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351340-7y19ystp author: Rao, Gundu H. R. title: Coronavirus Disease and Acute Vascular Events date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351348-lzo0dz7z author: Gu, Silan title: Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351116-jwy6k0ih author: O'Reilly, GM title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19: A multisite report from the COVED Quality Improvement Project for July 2020 (COVED‐3) date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350823-6pmvftgk author: Chirove, F. title: A model assessing potential benefits of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19: the case of Nigeria date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351057-xrv3k1fo author: Alenazi, Thamer H. title: Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350618-rtilfnzi author: Lambelet, Valentine title: Sars‐CoV‐2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351446-j4ambec5 author: Sinonquel, P. title: COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: what should be taken into account? date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351155-5bvo66yb author: Kushner, Tatyana title: Chronic Liver Disease and COVID‐19: Alcohol Use Disorder/Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Autoimmune Liver Disease, and Compensated Cirrhosis date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350949-ystkjdwk author: Gao, Yi-jie title: Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351108-wfik975q author: Cherry, George title: Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351108-wfik975q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351273-tfmq085x author: Zhou, Bo title: A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350817-tmszrtju author: Hoepel, Willianne title: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351305-6vtv2xuh author: Schramm, Markus A. title: COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351276-eatlugrm author: Pinna, Graziano title: Sex and COVID-19: A protective role for reproductive steroids date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351184-kcc3p3ow author: Dotters-Katz, Sarah K. title: Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351580-129608e4 author: Shen, J. title: A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351580-129608e4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351580-129608e4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351580-129608e4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351528-23lbs8al author: Zacharia, Brad E title: Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351584-380s4j70 author: Ward, Michael P. title: The role of climate during the COVID‐19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351584-380s4j70.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351238-epw9w7xx author: Huang, Xing title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351431-xcqz9d3t author: Wang, Jun title: Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350992-l6l24pco author: Roldan, Eugenia Quiros title: The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350655-04dq9b4r author: Ulas, T. title: Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351430-bpv7p7zo author: Pequeno, Pedro title: Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351343-zdh8ms1z author: Din, Anwarud title: STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AND EXTINCTION OF STOCHASTIC CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) EPIDEMIC MODEL date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351142-g20f6bxc author: Kiaghadi, Amin title: Assessing COVID-19 risk, vulnerability and infection prevalence in communities date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351509-aau3gx6f author: Li, Yuman title: Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351718-sf5zp5wg author: Kohli, Utkarsh title: COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350935-p6euuop3 author: Doğan, Tunca title: CROssBAR: Comprehensive Resource of Biomedical Relations with Deep Learning Applications and Knowledge Graph Representations date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351593-84xpllwh author: Shaw, Jane A. title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351762-n95ar9ci author: Wang, Brian Xiangzhi title: Susceptibility and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351734-wjvhu1qg author: Kassaw, Chalachew title: The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351689-nyfsv357 author: Borghesi, Andrea title: COVID-19 Pneumonia: Three Thoracic Complications in the Same Patient date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350904-wyg8ikph author: Gubernatorova, E.O. title: IL-6: relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351604-x4rsdwqz author: González-Gay, Miguel A. title: BioLogic THERAPY IN COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351735-x1lng449 author: Flikweert, Antine W. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351735-x1lng449.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351819-ovpz36e7 author: Beyrouti, Rahma title: Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351662-rmkcb6o3 author: Huang, Zhifeng title: Characteristics and roles of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in patients with different severities of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author: Zhang, Shuai title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351672-7oi9w87s author: Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír title: COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351691-3egwvb59 author: Elzupir, Amin O. title: Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author: Rabi, Firas A. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351885-hjw1940x author: Zhang, S. X. title: First study on mental distress in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351972-whl0w54u author: Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel title: Cutaneous Complications Secondary to Haemostasis Abnormalities in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351625-1we9wi1g author: Han, Huan title: Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351740-779g8tr1 author: Khaba, Moshawa Calvin title: COVID-19 in an HIV-infected patient. Lessons learned from an autopsy case date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351770-cirq6pfx author: Chen, Wei title: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351512-h4vigeuy author: Zhang, Lin title: How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352102-ssk24jkx author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351644-pl7xpivx author: Gao, Yelei title: Application of Telemedicine During the Coronavirus Disease Epidemics: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351510-8m4930bc author: Aquino, Yves S J title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351845-bli3qm8w author: Prasad, Kartikay title: Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352215-dhkvh45t author: Ramachandran, Preethi title: Increased serum aminotransferase activity and clinical outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351825-fdog73g2 author: Tsai, Cheng-Yu title: A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351719-xqmir1ca author: Olaimat, Amin N. title: Food Safety During and After the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352159-qx16i7s1 author: Pettit, Natasha N. title: Late Onset Infectious Complications and Safety of Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352096-cc3dzycl author: Richman, Douglas D. title: Antiviral Drug Discovery To Address the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351492-8jv7ip67 author: Urwin, S. G. title: FebriDx point-of-care test in patients with suspected COVID-19: a pooled diagnostic accuracy study date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352156-sa8cvyuw author: Lindeman, Robbert-Jan title: Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author: Constantinou, Constantina title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352293-ha7xts89 author: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351818-znv51wx9 author: Ge, Q. title: Recurrent Neural Reinforcement Learning for Counterfactual Evaluation of Public Health Interventions on the Spread of Covid-19 in the world date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351776-otx5qwyu author: Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis title: Elevation of Liver Fibrosis Index FIB-4 Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352382-mazwgsbc author: Vavassori, Andrea title: Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352329-dq69zlpn author: Gastélum-Cano, José María title: Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351665-6gwb900b author: Sarkar, Priyanka title: Coupled human-environment system amid COVID-19 crisis: A conceptual model to understand the nexus date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351823-ldbscq4s author: Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun title: COVID‐19 and Oncology: Service transformation during pandemic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352141-y3s8li0v author: Bouchoucha, Stéphane title: Family‐centred care during a pandemic: The hidden impact of restricting family visits date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351722-3mw1te94 author: Recalde, M. title: Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351931-i9xenu3r author: Ruszkiewicz, Dorota M title: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by analysis of breath with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry - a feasibility study date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352524-g7khma2j author: Rennard, Stephen I. title: Chicken soup in the time of COVID date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352187-h9if17ba author: Aksoy, Yasemin Erkal title: Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352401-tmt1pmw9 author: Curatola, Antonietta title: Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351890-b33zj9e9 author: Lahmer, T. title: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352332-c6phkk8r author: Al-Benna, Sammy title: Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352324-tle14vtm author: Martini, Chiara title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351918-pu7i1jfe author: Baek, Yae Jee title: A mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in a tertiary hospital and assessment of the effects of different intervention strategies date: 2020-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351940-cg0bewqb author: Ngwira, A. title: A snap shot of space and time dynamics of COVID-19 risk in Malawi. An application of spatial temporal model date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351930-puhm3w42 author: Juan, J. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351896-j6h02ab5 author: Ghannam, Malik title: Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352304-tt2q5mgs author: Sun, Dan title: Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351917-0lcjskjf author: Li, S. title: Modifiable lifestyle factors and severe COVID-19 risk: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352193-izzqdg3v author: Allen, M. title: Organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation and mathematical modelling study. date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352288-zr96k6p1 author: Zou, Fengwei title: Cardiac Injury and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352512-h58oh2jx author: Korbel, Jan O. title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352030-hnm54k4r author: Liu, Jie title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352065-960xqft4 author: Rello, Jordi title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352065-960xqft4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352122-u9pv2x2j author: Yang, Xiao title: Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352152-d3owtd98 author: Wang, Cuiyan title: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China date: 2020-03-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352256-qxdakdk0 author: Yousefi, Bahman title: A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352302-are8vvhh author: Hartman, W. title: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a mid-size city in the midwest date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352786-wxwjlvmb author: Vendrik, J. title: The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352460-ql0eogzz author: Farmer, Nicole title: COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352580-l6vkzja0 author: Iltaf, Samar title: Frequency of Neurological Presentations of Coronavirus Disease in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352272-9zg8q0gk author: Zhang, Jiancheng title: Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352682-deh08rh4 author: Toughza, Jihane title: COVID-19 et Greffe de Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques: Recommandations date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352526-t8odetzw author: Pinto, Bruna G G title: ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352665-ik67gpxf author: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre title: Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352607-71986j7i author: Cournoyer Lemaire, Elise title: Extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures: the use of music to communicate public health recommendations against the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352607-71986j7i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352341-dhc748pn author: Miranda-Zazueta, G. title: Manejo farmacológico de pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas y pancreáticas que involucran terapias inmunosupresoras. Posicionamiento en el marco de la pandemia de SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352779-zdtpnip0 author: Patti, Ravi Karan title: Subacute Aspergillosis “Fungal Balls” Complicating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n author: Milani, Fabio title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352538-cb3j2y1s author: Farrell, Penny title: COVID-19 and Pacific food system resilience: opportunities to build a robust response date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351941-fgtatt40 author: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352700-8ic7gu5y author: Hernandez Cordero, A. I. title: Multi-omics highlights ABO plasma protein as a causal risk factor for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352630-dx1fwngb author: Hossain, Md. Sabbir title: Impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission in South Asian Countries: an application of the ARIMAX model date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352767-lnsi3av0 author: Teuwen, Laure-Anne title: COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352642-u513wnu1 author: Patrocínio de Jesus, Rita title: Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Asymptomatic Infection while on High-Dose Corticosteroids. Case Report date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352774-dpgk9bvc author: Graziani, A. title: Pulmonary artery thrombosis in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353058-3r6jw5ij author: Crotti, Lia title: COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352365-b9cmviny author: Marchetti, Monia title: COVID-19-driven endothelial damage: complement, HIF-1, and ABL2 are potential pathways of damage and targets for cure date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352678-8f2ygul2 author: Prasad, Ashish title: Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading? date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352543-8il0dh58 author: Kuzdeuov, A. title: A Network-Based Stochastic Epidemic Simulator: Controlling COVID-19 with Region-Specific Policies date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352123-0bflqj1c author: Csiszar, Anna title: Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352668-qjlqsb2k author: Cabello, Francisco title: Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352544-7b6btzrx author: Liu, Zhelong title: The association of diabetes and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352862-2q4h3bwj author: Goswami, Mridula title: Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352828-4ecik6xw author: Lagziel, Tomer title: Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352770-6mz9abmc author: Daly, Michael title: Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352672-gjo29e21 author: Hoque, E. title: Adjusted Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic due to Herd Immunity in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353072-n92atcrx author: Kadkhoda, Kamran title: COVID-19: an Immunopathological View date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352640-fycwhyfv author: Goel, Ashish title: Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352781-aqh9zxgh author: El Homsi, Maria title: Review of Chest CT Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352937-htmp0avc author: Chow, Velda Ling Yu title: Recommendations for surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7 author: Pemmada, Rakesh title: Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353113-peqzaupr author: Wang, Yan title: Case Report: Opportunities for Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients—Lessons From a Death Case date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352823-1os3kwp1 author: Zeng, Hui title: The strategies of perioperative management in orthopedic department during the pandemic of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353196-pbjrgyj2 author: Keeney, Tamra title: Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353235-jiqhgf56 author: Bigliardi, Guido title: Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352720-z1cvjc2y author: Díaz-Corvillón, Pilar title: Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352902-isc3ek67 author: Powell, Adam W. title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352901-ia34l2ml author: Natalello, Gerlando title: Nailfold capillaroscopy findings in patients with coronavirus disease 19: Broadening the spectrum of covid-19 microvascular involvement() date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352911-9wbq9qo2 author: de Oliveira, Pedro Gonçalves title: Diacerein: a potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352930-onf61i2r author: Ostermann, Marlies title: What every Intensivist should know about COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352553-me1tpqss author: Sugand, K. title: The impact of COVID-19 on acute Trauma and Orthopaedic referrals and surgery in the UK: the "golden peak weeks" of the first national multi-centre observational study. The COVid-Emergency Related Trauma and orthopaedics (COVERT) Collaborative date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352562-qfb478sf author: Yamamoto, Lidia title: SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352557-l7sahv5t author: Takla, Michael title: Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19: systematic review and narrative synthesis of efficacy and safety date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352579-ndcbmgfj author: Takahashi, Takuto title: Pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 therapies date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353059-39msyuxb author: Chroboczek, T. title: Beneficial effect of corticosteroids in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a propensity score matching analysis. date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353004-ocnp758o author: Prakash, Lakshmanan title: COVID-19 in the operating room: a review of evolving safety protocols date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353254-8xa0is5g author: Katzman, Joanna G title: COVID-19 Has Provided 20/20 Vision Illuminating Our Nation’s Health Crises date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352247-baqbxez9 author: Kobayashi, Yoshiharu title: Public Support for Development Aid during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353281-leb7c7b0 author: Spiezia, Luca title: COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353228-fxrf5wsp author: Xiao, Yaru title: Clinical characteristics of diarrhea in 90 cases with COVID-19: a descriptive study date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352871-0xgjpd80 author: Pérez Bartolomé, Francisco title: Manifestaciones oftalmológicas del SARS-Cov-2: Revisión de la literatura date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353530-seu53c4s author: Bonavita, Simona title: Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352905-ge3u32hm author: Galimberti, Sara title: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Play an Antiviral Action in Patients Affected by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Possible Model Supporting Their Use in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352853-9a7fi46y author: Amyar, Amine title: Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352998-02pc3z8n author: Huang, Shanshan title: COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353110-0oxy9b1p author: Hastie, Claire E. title: Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353615-9aj5yxkd author: Colaneri, Marta title: Running out of bullets: the challenging management of acute hepatitis and SARS‐COV‐2 from the SMatteo COvid19 Registry (SMACORE) date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353163-gr1t3l8z author: Hughes, Helen E title: Emergency department use during COVID-19 as described by syndromic surveillance date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353116-7t1prfkr author: Bhargava, Ashish title: Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353621-t5tev985 author: Gallina, Pasquale title: Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353621-t5tev985.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353312-9hd54ug5 author: Al‐Hebshi, Abdulqader title: A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353628-f6ew980g author: Zayet, Souheil title: Encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19: ‘Causality or coincidence?’ date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353229-k3zerr83 author: Akca, Ummusen Kaya title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353329-ju3vwlow author: Haroon, Khawaja Hassan title: COVID-19 Related Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Complications in Three Young Patients date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353445-0n51j2jo author: Stein-Zamir, Chen title: A large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools’ reopening, Israel, May 2020 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353283-rlvfk8w8 author: Liu, D. title: Pleotropic association between risk and prognosis of COVID-19 and gene expression in blood and lung: A Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353200-5csewb1k author: Jehi, Lara title: Development and validation of a model for individualized prediction of hospitalization risk in 4,536 patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352737-3ttrx3lf author: Cunha, Lucas Leite title: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353537-skeajydw author: Zhang, Xian title: Asymptomatic Subclinical Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 without Viral Transmission in Three Independent Families date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353537-skeajydw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353373-zhkqnu0w author: Seidu, Samuel title: The impact of obesity on severe disease and mortality in people with SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353293-vjdwh19x author: nan title: Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353586-motgn69w author: Indu Subramanian title: Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353586-motgn69w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353465-pej4e9z0 author: Ranjan, A. title: FeverIQ - A Privacy-Preserving COVID-19 SymptomTracker with 3.6 Million Reports date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353717-jjd90fyh author: Singhavi, Ravi title: A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352969-rpt7xja6 author: Kataria, Ashish title: COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353599-cw29edwr author: Kelleni, Mina T. title: Early use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in COVID-19 might reverse pathogenesis, prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353618-r7skw6rf author: Papa, Alfonso title: Images in Practice: Painful Cutaneous Vasculitis in a SARS-Cov-2 IgG-Positive Child date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353659-wtacr6qj author: Almutairi, Nawaf title: Coronavirus Disease‐2019 with Dermatologic Manifestations and Implications: An Unfolding Conundrum date: 2020-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353854-hbrk4tp5 author: Agosti, Edoardo title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on spinal pathology: single center first impression date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353690-m79zl7ka author: Balmford, Andrew title: COVID-19: Analogues and lessons for tackling the extinction and climate crises date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353354-34tqy9tb author: Sheshah, Eman title: Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353756-lm2qs6ev author: Massey, Paul R. title: Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions (“COVID toes”) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353548-kf4om6iu author: Ruiz-Manriquez, J. title: Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353365-ujz5nkk3 author: Pirnay, Jean-Paul title: Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Belgian Military Education and Training Center in Maradi, Niger date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353515-92qqucyl author: Okura, Hiroyuki title: Update of Takotsubo Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353275-pindjvhk author: Khurana, A. title: Prevalence and clinical correlates of COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in a tertiary level hospital date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353833-woz5f3gh author: Feldman, Sarah title: How the Coronavirus Disease-2019 May Improve Care: Rethinking Cervical Cancer Prevention date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353321-56zhxd6e author: Ma, Shujuan title: Epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis of publicly reported individual data of 1155 cases from seven countries date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353840-yb6qi4rg author: Miki, Kosuke title: Association between cardiovascular manifestation and COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353697-ocxextfj author: Santana, Monique Freire title: Confirmed Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and COVID-19: the value of postmortem findings to support antemortem management date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353735-d81ujjxv author: Li, Jiannan title: The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353410-tbmtg88k author: Sharma, Shreela V. title: Using a rapid assessment methodology to identify and address immediate needs among low-income households with children during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353648-rl9dts7l author: Kim, Hyun Joo title: Guidelines for the control and prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in surgical and anesthetic settings date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353749-2vlc11rx author: Stricker, Raphael B title: Flattening the Risk: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353173-5c4n4tsf author: Comunian, Silvia title: Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353519-cmeociax author: Jay Miller, J. title: Child Welfare Workers and Peritraumatic Distress: The Impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353519-cmeociax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353956-gjv5cg3k author: Bali, Rishi Kumar title: Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The Pandemic !! date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353824-0oyvia6d author: Farooque, Umar title: Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354087-wmk0z894 author: Parker, Carmen Black title: Differentiating Domains of Involuntary Containment for Persons with Severe Psychiatric Impairment and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353939-vz2bpkyk author: Ranger, Amita title: Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354039-2fwy9z19 author: Kelly, Brendan D. title: Mental health, mental capacity, ethics and the law in the context of Covid-19 (coronavirus) date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353876-pb4of7s9 author: Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco title: Evidence, rationality, and ignorance: Agnotological issues in COVID-19 science date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353019-7wj0eu1f author: Alcadipani, Rafael title: Pandemic and Macho Organizations: Wakeup Call or Business as Usual? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354009-1ek4s8oe author: Wang, Yun title: Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353698-gj8sx3zy author: Bibiano-Guillen, C. title: Adapted Diving Mask (ADM) device as respiratory support with oxygen output during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353890-dzauzjm7 author: Guzzi, Pietro Hiram title: Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353872-hajtlw9k author: Cox, Shereen title: To dispense or not to dispense: Lessons to be learnt from ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353594-z1vxamvp author: Gagiannis, Daniel title: Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353509-yfkiaq80 author: Nugraha, Rhea Veda title: Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354129-7ayqkeb8 author: Filetti, Sebastiano title: A journey through and beyond a “perfect storm”: the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author: Li, Na title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353588-8uyezpko author: Casali, Nicole title: “Andrà tutto bene”: Associations Between Character Strengths, Psychological Distress and Self-efficacy During Covid-19 Lockdown date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354160-sca9bgeq author: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title: Changes in Healthcare managing COVID and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic: Striking the balance date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354223-0ckpz0bx author: Yu, Pengming title: Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353592-gsvobusu author: Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes title: Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354236-vn45rnve author: Allegrante, John P. title: Preventing COVID-19 and Its Sequela: “There Is No Magic Bullet . . . It's Just Behaviors” date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354307-9uriite7 author: Cal, Teresa Segura de la title: Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-354307-9uriite7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354073-tn76muv6 author: Jen, Tung-Hui title: Geographic risk assessment of COVID-19 transmission using recent data: An observational study date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353484-q7d0ysbo author: Liu, Xue title: COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354265-udt2spoe author: Gersh, Felice title: Menopause status and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353976-gns5omyb author: Kafieh, Rahele title: COVID-19 in Iran: A Deeper Look Into The Future date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353942-l9kjnrky author: nan title: Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354261-gdvawnp6 author: Gale, Chris title: National active surveillance to understand and inform neonatal care in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353904-dieaqxmi author: Davies, M. title: Remdesivir in treatment of COVID-19: A systematic benefit-risk assessment date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354134-gb2pf5kb author: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title: Conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients: frequency and clinical presentation date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354421-tqv2y7ey author: Wetzler, H. P. title: New Insights on Excess Deaths and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353391-o0s2h0y0 author: Haj Bloukh, Samir title: A Look Behind the Scenes at COVID-19: National Strategies of Infection Control and Their Impact on Mortality date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354389-l2erwez8 author: Street, Maria Elisabeth title: HMGB1: A Possible Crucial Therapeutic Target for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354103-4dldgqzf author: Grubic, Andrew D title: COVID-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities date: 2020-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354204-23xkug85 author: Smargiassi, Andrea title: Lung ultrasonography for early management of patients with respiratory symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354204-23xkug85.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354247-erzak928 author: Iain Pritchard, Roger title: Impact of Regulatory Changes on Pharmacist Delivered Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354247-erzak928.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354247-erzak928.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354247-erzak928.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354168-omen8vvq author: Al Saleh, Abdullah S. title: Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354349-hbk2p6ej author: Sardar, Sundus title: COVID-19 and Plasmodium vivax malaria co-infection date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354339-tchu91av author: Shahzad, Naeem title: Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354339-tchu91av.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354232-tunpb48l author: Stall, N. M. title: For-profit nursing homes and the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and resident deaths in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353844-yaueoq62 author: Bachanova, Veronika title: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354147-01dhp7nn author: Gonzalez, Rocío Maqueda title: Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: comparative cross-sectional cohort study date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354113-j8odxs1h author: Miao, Congliang title: A comparative multi-centre study on the clinical and imaging features of comfirmed and uncomfirmed patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354180-6esn3t2b author: Tyndall, Mark title: Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354353-hyz0gmpz author: Farhangrazi, Z. Shadi title: Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354376-ghxy727r author: Duggan, Nicole M. title: Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354257-45bwzuqn author: Liu, Mengqi title: COVID-19 pneumonia: CT findings of 122 patients and differentiation from influenza pneumonia date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354498-ddzeznxn author: Haddadi, Sara title: COVID-19: Risk of Alcohol abuse and Psychiatric disorders date: 2020-09-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353996-slnyun4l author: Baumgartner, M. T. title: Social distancing and movement constraint as the most likely factors for COVID-19 outbreak control in Brazil date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354164-tlmfn4bm author: Liao, Xuelian title: Critical Care for Severe COVID-19: A Population-based Study from a Province with Low Case-fatality Rate in China date: 2020-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354434-bi409a6o author: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354308-ol8twpay author: Mardani, title: COVID-19 infection recurrence presented with meningoencephalitis date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354426-cp6tomfw author: Her, Minyoung title: How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy? date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354373-lldfoptb author: Chi, Jeffrey title: COVID-19 Clinical Research date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354330-pud2rqxk author: Pirzada, Abdul Rouf title: Management of Aerosol during Noninvasive Ventilation for Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Important Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354337-a70avg2x author: Mehraeen, Esmaeil title: A systematic review of ECG findings in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354395-5ss8vni5 author: Huang, G. title: Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354468-bew35s8q author: Margus, Colton title: Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354575-f5fq75up author: Gupta, Latika title: Scholarly publishing and journal targeting in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and other specialists date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354031-j4qlvm60 author: Rodríguez-Pérez, Celia title: Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354715-zofba2b4 author: Ransing, Ramdas title: Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?: Assessment options for mental health professionals date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354534-0b7zwzjv author: Fuccillo, E title: Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354866-5yzalrri author: Esenwa, Charles title: The effect of COVID-19 on stroke hospitalizations in New York City date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354270-445lhfdc author: Chen, Rong-ning title: Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354472-zixnvehs author: Esposito, A. title: Why is chest CT important for early diagnosis of COVID-19? Prevalence matters date: 2020-04-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354774-uoewzkjt author: Setzen, Michael title: The novel corona virus and rhinology: Impact on practice patterns and future directions date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354989-k0qktzor author: Mantica, Guglielmo title: NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354096-x2skguz8 author: Ray, Pradipta R. title: A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353887-f4yd7guj author: Tang, Yujun title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354216-4khdcjed author: Sultan, Shahnaz title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354411-4emzxu09 author: Nouvenne, Antonio title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Correlations with Chest CT on Hospital admission date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354939-lon10s7z author: Singh, S. title: ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354835-o0nscint author: Roy, Sayak title: Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354835-o0nscint.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354902-t9df8vhc author: Kearns, Donovan G. title: Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354888-448eqhg8 author: Irarrázaval, María J. title: Telemedicine for postoperative follow-up, virtual surgical clinics during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354133-11b0d499 author: Thomas, B. S. title: Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19 using a Time-Shifted Distribution Analysis date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354133-11b0d499.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354885-fkgr2o9i author: Hoffer-Hawlik, Michael A. title: Leveraging Telemedicine for Chronic Disease Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During Covid-19 date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354928-brliql4d author: Wang, Jian title: Overweight and obesity are risks factors of severe illness in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354928-brliql4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354306-zbkgabl2 author: Pennycook, Gordon title: Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354619-pftjhtpo author: Farronato, Marco title: A Call for Action to Safely Deliver Oral Health Care during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354702-hi4nxf67 author: Laszkowska, Monika title: Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients with Gastrointestinal Manifestations date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354474-hbl2ywix author: Temsah, M. H. title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354819-gkbfbh00 author: Islam, Md. Zabirul title: A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354699-u4s2r8gy author: de Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire title: Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354661-wls1rd7d author: Suen, Yiu-tung title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354778-fqfzznns author: Zhang, Jian title: The associated factors of cesarean section during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in nine cities of China date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354371-321vd28d author: Hinchman, Angelica title: Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354371-321vd28d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354861-b04ch0o3 author: Nasir, E. F. title: Study of the Sudanese perceptions of COVID-19: Applying the Health Belief Model. date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355015-e681jmix author: Cici, Remziye title: Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355015-e681jmix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354720-fu19u2b0 author: White-Dzuro, Gabrielle title: Multisystem effects of COVID-19: a concise review for practitioners date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354792-6ckgxn9l author: Ghosh, Mousam title: Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354689-dsv63it1 author: Chen, Qian title: Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354993-gdz63spj author: Larcher, Victor title: Children of COVID-19: pawns, pathfinders or partners? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355186-7u4h083p author: Kobak, Senol title: Comment on “Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?” date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354627-y07w2f43 author: pinter, g. title: COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354588-jxzdrxqx author: Campos, I. S. title: A vulnerability analysis for the management of and response to the COVID-19 epidemic in the second most populous state in Brazil date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354900-bzv4yhqi author: Jawhara, Samir title: How to boost the immune defence prior to respiratory virus infections with the special focus on coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354608-1me3nopu author: Rabinowicz, Shira title: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354658-v451z3jq author: Rajagopal, Keshava title: Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document” date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354943-wxhbwcfr author: Guo, Li title: Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354959-0iwdqbu6 author: Saddik, B. title: Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355292-n6sq2jz9 author: Chen, Yan title: Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354492-6r6qs4pp author: Messina, Giovanni title: Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355271-zynnr776 author: Agrawal, Amit title: Letter to the editor– “Staying Home - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355271-zynnr776.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354491-23cjm86c author: Muller, A. E. title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic onhealthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355001-audh5qa7 author: Novick, Tessa K. title: COVID-19 and Kidney Disease Disparities in the United States date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355080-bzax1u33 author: Atkins, J. L. title: PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES PREDICTING SEVERE COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UK BIOBANK COMMUNITY COHORT date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355131-ushv3n0z author: Giuffrè, Mauro title: COVID-19-Induced Thrombosis in Patients without Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Fecal Calprotectin: Hypothesis Regarding Mechanism of Intestinal Damage Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355031-l0tj7kp2 author: Krenitsky, Nicole M. title: Primed for a Pandemic: Implementation of Telehealth Outpatient Monitoring for Women with Mild COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355047-ri43d5wk author: Sarangi, Bhakti title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian Children in the Initial Phase of the Pandemic date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355155-1k48jx7v author: Harper, L. title: The impact of covid-19 on research date: 2020-07-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355173-rnley2ow author: Ibrahim, R. R. title: Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria using Box-Jenkins Modeling Procedure date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355146-6rat5j64 author: Whittemore, Paul title: Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355365-goi0uw32 author: Minocha, Amal title: Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355074-u5s3uzp6 author: Bamgboye, Ebun L. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different? date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355283-ny1ju7vc author: Colombo, L. title: How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355115-oa0okey8 author: Odedra, Devang title: Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355175-uo9fx6jy author: Ferrazzi, E title: Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355028-1x7w1749 author: Piazza, Cesare title: Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355311-x6cozo6b author: Cunningham, Conor title: Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355441-0b266hwn author: Misztal, Krzysztof title: The importance of standardisation – COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock for deep learning purpose date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355533-5kgdg2nb author: Kline, Jonathan D title: Sentinel Case of COVID-19 at Fort Stewart, GA in a National Guard Soldier Participating in Annual Training: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355208-hpldjsc5 author: Leisman, Daniel E. title: Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354936-do0bmpxt author: Chatterjee, Ranit title: COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool: Dual application of risk communication and risk governance date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355475-kdubhh73 author: Patton, Lauren L. title: Viral Pandemics and Oral Health: Lessons Learned From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355296-46jf56nc author: Goldstein, David P. title: Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis management in laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355192-80f2658b author: Owen, Rhiannon K title: Comparing associations between frailty and mortality in hospitalised older adults with or without COVID-19 infection: a retrospective observational study using electronic health records date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355192-80f2658b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355383-cqd2pa8c author: Olagoke, Ayokunle A. title: Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355256-7ksbvisv author: Sloane, Philip D. title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ‘Wicked Problem” with Breakthrough Solutions? date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355102-jcyq8qve author: Avila, Eduardo title: Hemogram data as a tool for decision-making in COVID-19 management: applications to resource scarcity scenarios date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355590-io3qv72x author: Kanburoglu, Mehmet Kenan title: The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355603-j811a48x author: Lee, KarlaA. title: Cancer and Risk of COVID‐19 Through a General Community Survey date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355603-j811a48x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355023-68lp7i5v author: Rishi, Praveen title: Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355395-rckzi8vz author: Tian, Dandan title: Hepatic complications of COVID‐19 and its treatment date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355484-2igc5wzx author: Oteo, J. A. title: A short therapeutic regimen based on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with non-severe disease. A strategy associated with a reduction in hospital admissions and complications. date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author: Wu, Renyi title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355558-r6r1t47c author: Shenoy, Akhil title: Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355356-g7lvb8b4 author: Lamb, Yvette N. title: Remdesivir: First Approval date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355753-muefay2n author: Garner, Justin L. title: Challenges of evaluating lung function as part of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355753-muefay2n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355294-gifsqph6 author: García-Suárez, Julio title: Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355447-0xuzolt3 author: Miller, D. J. title: Leveraging wearable technology to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355537-pckjq1n2 author: Hatef, Elham title: Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on COVID-19 Prevalence Across Seven States in the United States date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355830-kctpftm9 author: Perisetti, Abhilash title: Putative Mechanisms of diarrhea in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355669-90rauz66 author: Strausz, S. title: Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355669-90rauz66.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355181-affuyn8z author: Poggio, Claudio title: Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355540-rlvzj2e5 author: Bodei, Lisa title: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Any Concerns? date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355503-9baof9z8 author: Yan, Aihua title: How hospitals in mainland China responded to the outbreak of COVID-19 using IT-enabled services: an analysis of hospital news webpages date: 2020-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355674-mhi85px5 author: Siddiqi, Hasan K. title: Increased prevalence of myocardial injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia. date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355549-6xnjj5h5 author: Cécile, Couchoud title: Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355314-2gb9pzy0 author: Kalyanaraman Marcello, R. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in New York City's Public Hospital System date: 2020-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355593-91bho7aw author: A Mohsen, Ahmed title: Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355772-kvenaqj3 author: Wang, Xuan title: Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355218-eici4eit author: Punn, Narinder Singh title: Automated diagnosis of COVID-19 with limited posteroanterior chest X-ray images using fine-tuned deep neural networks date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355218-eici4eit.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355039-qi4fwqbc author: Azar, William S. title: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355734-pz64534w author: Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo title: Health-care workers with COVID-19 living in Mexico City: clinical characterization and related outcomes date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355734-pz64534w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355961-qupxo232 author: Ndiaye, M. title: La maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : la place de la santé au travail date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355961-qupxo232.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355847-1ru15s5a author: Convertino, Irma title: Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354941-0ocsf255 author: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355773-k9hut687 author: Guerini, Andrea Emanuele title: Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355773-k9hut687.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355777-zly3ddtr author: Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil title: Disparities in COVID-19 Testing and Positivity in New York City date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355755-fd40zy7z author: Alsadhan, Ibrahim title: Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by COVID-19 infection: Case Series date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355122-x3v80bdp author: Desterke, Christophe title: PPARγ cistrome repression during activation of lung monocyte-macrophages in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356030-bbj4r81i author: Haehner, Antje title: Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355713-zupocnuf author: Li, Junxiong title: Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355578-z4rjwknv author: Stoker, Steven title: Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Trauma at a Community Level II Trauma Center date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355897-9wqrl744 author: Landi, Antonio title: The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author: Kassa, Semu M. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author: Ambrosio, Luca title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354972-nc496v6s author: Margolin, Emmanuel title: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355854-hksq8gy4 author: Pagliaro, Pasquale title: ACE/ACE2 Ratio: A Key Also in 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)? date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355700-1yf1ae1d author: Chen, Y. title: How Efficient Can Non-Professional MasksSuppress COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356033-zzernh1d author: Ruan, Wenly title: Changes in Pediatric Endoscopic Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an International Survey date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355776-f8u66hbt author: Ni, Zhao title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 author: Mousa, Albeir Y. title: My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355892-9kkqmm6h author: Miller, Larry E. title: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355589-3zdv9zim author: Simons, David title: The association of smoking status with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID‐19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta‐analyses (version 7) date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355903-1yzebh7d author: Singh, Kumar Tathagat title: Preparedness among dental professionals towards COVID-19 in India date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355986-ntovppf8 author: Chapman, Michael title: Systems of Care in Crisis: The Changing Nature of Palliative Care During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356145-1jgc62jt author: García‐Gil, Miguel Fernando title: Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355528-y4a1g6km author: Balla, Mamtha title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356079-w6cqbya0 author: Simon, John A. title: Editor's perspective: COVID‐19's impact on the remediation industry date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356055-f2x297r8 author: Jacobson, Nathan A. title: COVID Care Clinic: A Unique Way for Family Medicine to Care for the Community During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355850-jgcjscjq author: Elhadi, Muhammed title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356164-y778k3hs author: Komiyama, Maki title: Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356146-0vqg3r2e author: Parsi, Kurosh title: Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355910-nn4jxwym author: Kearon, Joanne title: The Role of Primary Care in a Pandemic: Reflections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356122-lzc1ux5z author: Fedson, David DS. title: Statin treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356127-xy5tyd7t author: Omidi, Negar title: Prosthetic heart valves and the COVID‐19 pandemic era: What should we be concerned about? date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356056-82bvcuvd author: Shaikh, Aasef G. title: Cerebellar Scholars’ Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356085-rnia7mbq author: Gai, Ruoyan title: Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355650-1x66nxgx author: Kumar, S. title: Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown date: 2020-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355824-7p7lov2e author: Ladds, E. title: Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 long Covid patients and draft quality criteria for services date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356284-n0dhv89q author: Bachtiger, Patrik title: Machine learning for COVID-19—asking the right questions date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356009-emn2w8if author: Roshandel, M. R. title: What Specimen Urologists Should Be Most Concerned About ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356235-py38bel4 author: Jia, Xingwang title: Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356235-py38bel4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355943-bezpprrk author: Li, Y. title: Urine Proteome of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356061-w7q1i0mj author: Bani Hani, Diab A. title: Successful Anesthetic Management in Cesarean Section for Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356010-wwzv4tl7 author: Jolley, Daniel title: Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356298-a4p4aca8 author: Luria, Mijal title: "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355898-hlkwwaqe author: Grippo, Antonello title: Electroencephalography during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Society of Neurophysiology (SINC), the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE), and the Italian Association of Neurophysiology Technologists (AITN) date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356217-igm2t7md author: Noda, Sakura title: Severe COVID-19 initially presenting as mesenteric adenopathy date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356132-1nisyl5r author: Wang, Huiyao title: The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356363-gea5229c author: Kurdi, Amanj title: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: What is the evidence so far? date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356363-gea5229c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author: Semaan, Aline title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356174-40k6m7l0 author: Ducloyer, Mathilde title: Complete post-mortem data in a fatal case of COVID-19: clinical, radiological and pathological correlations date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356271-k4ux9yey author: Sai Thejeshwar, S. title: Precise Prediction of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images Using KE Sieve Algorithm date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356173-8vrw4mag author: Liebig, J. title: Should international borders re-open? The impact of travel restrictions on COVID-19 importation risk date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356150-ivso91ln author: Torretta, Sara title: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356195-5pcaxpp9 author: Jothimani, Dinesh title: COVID-19 and Liver. date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355567-60sfv60p author: Azuma, Kenichi title: Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356057-87kxlqdc author: Chagas, Aline Lopes title: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic - São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author: Cotrin, Paula title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355905-av03suua author: Romero Starke, Karla title: The Age-Related Risk of Severe Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355905-av03suua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355905-av03suua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355905-av03suua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356215-0nypfw48 author: Hu, Xiaojing title: Management practices of emergency departments in general hospitals based on blockage of chain of infection during a COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356314-mhkhey2w author: Alyami, Mohammad H. title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Ecological Study date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author: Paez, Antonio title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356131-3at94sle author: MacIntyre, Peter D. title: Language teachers' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-356131-3at94sle.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355318-qm79gz8w author: Smit, Albertus J. title: Winter Is Coming: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective of the Environmental Drivers of SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential Seasonality of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-covid-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010585-hasoaa0k author = Szekely, Yishay title = Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1336 sentences = 102 flesch = 57 summary = 3 In particular, the magnitude of the proarrhythmic potential of these drugs, specifically related to their QT-prolongation effects, is questioned: On the one hand, the fact chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine block the I Kr potassium-channel at the myocyte level, therefore causing QT-prolongation, is well documented. 4 that we report a case of drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP) due to chloroquine therapy for COVID-19. The fact that our patient was receiving memantine, a drug rated as a medication with "possible risk for TdP" likely contributed to the proarrhythmic effects of chloroquine. Excessive QT prolongation, defined as prolongation to a QTc >500 msec, has already been reported for 11%-25% of COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin. Clinicians should monitor COVID-19 patients when treating them with chloroquine or other QT-prolonging drugs, with special attention to females, patients with structural heart disease, baseline QT interval on ECG, concomitant use of other QT-prolonging medications, potassium or magnesium abnormalities and bradycardia. cache = ./cache/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010658-67k8pthy author = Bernard, Andie title = PC-FACS May 2020 for July 2020 Issue date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1923 sentences = 123 flesch = 45 summary = To expertly guide patients through this often devastating illness, palliative care professionals will need to keep abreast of the COVID-19 literature as the pandemic evolves and the longer-term outcomes come into sharper focus. Bottom Line: Early reports of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and ARDS provide insights into risk factors, short-term prognosis, and mortality that are important for palliative care professionals to be aware of when counselling patients and families. This article discussed a component of an appropriate response to the COVID-19 pandemic: ensuring that clinicians have discussions about advance care planning (especially with older patients with chronic illness) and goals of care with patients/families. This pandemic heightens the importance of implementing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for appropriate patients: although unwanted/nonbeneficial CPR always risks increasing psychological distress for patients' families, inappropriate CPR now is especially stressful and potentially dangerous for healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author = Lei, Pinggui title = Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 707 sentences = 52 flesch = 51 summary = We read with interest the recent papers in this Journal by Hao who described clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay. 3-6 Therefore, even though chest CT plays a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, however, chest CT examination and RT-PCR results should be mutual verification for precise diagnosis in the patient suspected COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, even though chest CT has played a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with some typical CT features while the initial RT-PCR result is negative. However, not all the cases had the initial abnormality chest CT results or positive RT-PCR in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Consequently, RT-PCR results, chest CT features, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, and exposure history should be made a comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19 infection for the clinical decisions beyond clinical and radiological features. Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay cache = ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011793-hlktpla4 author = Rice, Todd W. title = In Defense of Evidence-based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1828 sentences = 81 flesch = 42 summary = Although the desire to try to treat these patients with already approved drugs is understandable, what is less understandable is the desire in medical publications and on social media to abandon the principles of evidence-based critical care that we have established over the last 3 decades (9), because "I have never seen patients with ARDS act like this." Large, well-designed, multicenter randomized trials have set the foundation of an evidence-based practice of how to produce the best outcomes for critically ill patients. Instead, improved outcomes are seen through understanding and implementing best practices derived via strong scientific evidence generated from well-designed randomized controlled trials into the routine care of critically ill patients. Maintaining other principles of good critical care, as demonstrated in large, multicenter randomized trials, will also improve outcomes in these critically ill patients with COVID-19, even if "COVID-19 is completely different from other intensive care unit syndromes." Conservative fluid management once out of shock and without renal failure increases time alive and free from ventilation (15) . cache = ./cache/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011402-sk4tgdf8 author = Low, Tze-Yi title = Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1182 sentences = 74 flesch = 56 summary = title: Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore Keywords: COVID-19 Health policy Infectious diseases Healthcare administration Surgery Designated pandemic wards managed confirmed or high-risk cases, providing natural segregation among nursing staff, who are ward-based. Central to our plan was the reorganization of medical staff in our department into three independent teams (Fig. 1) to prevent the standing team from working continuously and avoid the complete shutdown of outpatient services should any team become afflicted with the virus. To study the impact on patient care, operational and safety data in the month immediately post-activation of our pandemic preparedness plan were retrieved and compared with data from a similar period in 2019. There were 338 reported incidents for surgical patients from February to March 2020, compared to 397 for the same period in 2019 (Fig. 2d) . cache = ./cache/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012010-5h2ox3hu author = Bos, Lieuwe D.J. title = Response to “COVID-19 conundrum: Clinical phenotyping based on pathophysiology as a promising approach to guide therapy in a novel illness” and “Strengthening the foundation of the house of CARDS by phenotyping on the fly” and “COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading?” date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2153 sentences = 117 flesch = 39 summary = take issue with our interpretation of the respiratory physiology of COVID-19, arguing that it is based merely on "small cohort studies," instead arguing that "a high proportion of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients exhibit near-normal lung compliance." [1] Yet the low respiratory compliance of COVID19 patients has now been extensively demonstrated by studies totaling more than 800 COVID-19 patients [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] , including a direct comparison with non-COVID ARDS patients that revealed no difference in respiratory compliance. In his response to our Editorial, Dr. Rajendram reveals a curious misinterpretation of our Editorial: "Thus, whilst the net effect of the ARDSNet protocol is beneficial at the level of the study population, theoretically, it may harm select patients… contrary to the opinions of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and Bos and colleagues, the ARDSNet protocol is not a panacea." Putting aside the wishful thinking of a supportive intervention functioning as a "panacea" for a condition with persistent mortality of 30-40%, the correspondent (along with Drs. Cherian et al.) seems to think that we dispute the heterogeneity of ARDS, and advocate for a "one-size-fits-all" approach to its clinical management. cache = ./cache/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009749-mdkuf5bd author = Dobran, Mauro title = Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding “Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.” Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 719 sentences = 42 flesch = 47 summary = title: Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding "Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy." Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Fontanella "Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy" [4] . In Italy since February 2020 spread a massive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a great number of infected patients and deaths. To contrast the infection spread on March 2020 in Italy was declared the lockdown and the neurosurgical activity of the Department of Neurosurgery AOU Ancona-Italy was centered on emergency and oncological pathology. In nonhospitalized patients admitted to hospital for urgent surgery, a swab test is performed but, because of the long time for its result, when a surgical procedure is urgent a pulmonary CT scan is performed to search for a COVID-19 pneumonia. Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy cache = ./cache/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013269-u1e0kzmm author = Cucinotta, Domenico title = Primum non nocere (first do no harm). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest in Italy date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1602 sentences = 94 flesch = 54 summary = Maybe a bad strategy and lack of timely intervention togheter with concurrent social events, comorbidities of oldest persons, bed rest, inadequate nutritional support and drugs' side effects and infection of health professionals proved fatal for many. Different opinions among scientists, as occurred recently in COVID-19 pandemia in Italy, combined with the difficulties due to comorbidities and dependency of oldest persons have resulted in strategic errors, a significant part of which proved fatal for the patient and catastrofic for the society. On January 18 the Medical Literature Guide Amedeo (1) drowes the attention to a study of the Imperial College of London on the real high number of cases in Wuhan and on 23 the Chinese government put millions of people in quarantine, with severe travel restriction starting from 25. bas a consequence of the lack of a timely intervention with no appropriate prevention methodologies, virus entered into hospitals, nursing homes, day centers and doctor's offices. et al Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China cache = ./cache/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011656-zln7zmn9 author = Subedi, Asish title = Medical Ethics Versus Healthcare Workers’ Rights: Fight-or-Flee Response date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 860 sentences = 59 flesch = 65 summary = To the Editor I read with great interest an article by Bong 1 on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article deals with the several health care problems faced in LMICs, and the authors have provided solutions to overcome it. 2 This report highlights the importance of psychological well-being of health care workers involved during the COVID-19 tsunami. To overcome the mental stress, the government should provide social securities and incentives to health care workers, and moral support to reassure how important we are to the country and the sacrifices we are doing at this crisis. 1 While, at this moment, when the rich countries are struggling to get the PPEs for their own health care workers, we will only have a handful of these PPEs by the time it reaches our place. Intensive care units in the context of COVID-19 in Nepal: current status and need of the hour cache = ./cache/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011620-f3uw74w7 author = Tokuç, Burcu title = Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1221 sentences = 70 flesch = 48 summary = As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted many things in the world, it also disrupted medical education. In Turkey, in recent years, medical faculties have been trying to transform medical education into individualized, virtual education by reducing classic lectures, using more technology for laboratory lessons, promoting active, self-learning, and integrating education. In most medical schools in Turkey, during the first three years of education, students were in physical environments only for laboratory practices or small group lessons, like problem-based learning (PBL) discussions, and they did not attend traditional lectures. The measures taken by China and Canada in the SARS outbreak in the early 2000s are known, but medical schools all around the world were unprepared for the pandemic. Although some aspects of education in many faculties have been individualized for "anytime/anywhere"-asynchronous learning in recent years, students must gather for lessons such as laboratory sessions, bedside practices, and case/patient presentations and discussions. Medical Student Education in the time of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024002-ag5by3k2 author = Sánchez-Recalde, Ángel title = COVID-19 y shock cardiogénico: diferentes formas de presentación cardiovascular con alta mortalidad date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1341 sentences = 130 flesch = 50 summary = De los 7 pacientes positivos para COVID-19, 2 fueron dados de alta, 1 falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a neumonía grave y 4 entraron en shock cardiogénico inmediatamente tras su llegada al hospital; de estos, fallecieron 3, lo que significa una mortalidad del 75% en el contexto del shock cardiogénico. Se realizó un cateterismo cardiaco urgente, que mostró arterias coronarias sin lesiones y disfunción ventricular izquierda grave con alteraciones de la contractilidad compatibles con miocardiopatía de estrés (tako-tsubo invertido) con acinesia de los segmentos basales y medios e hipercontractilidad del ápex (figuras 1C y D). Se observó elevación de troponina I y, por los antecedentes, se realizó angiotomografía urgente de arterias pulmonares, que mostró tromboembolia pulmonar bilateral con dilatación ventricular derecha, además de opacidades periféricas parcheadas compatibles con neumonía por SARS-Cov-2, que se confirmó en la PCR (figuras 1G y H). cache = ./cache/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011844-eplgwnem author = Hooshmandi, Etrat title = The Case Is Much More Baffling than We Think date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 654 sentences = 48 flesch = 56 summary = authors: Hooshmandi, Etrat; Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin [1] reported decreased prevalence of stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic era according to their observation from a single center (Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, northern Italy). Contrary to their conclusion, there are some reports about increased risk of stroke in COVID-19 infection [3] . [8] evaluated the importance of the difference in some blood coagulation parameters between patients with COVID-19 infection and healthy controls. reported a 7-fold increase in the risk of stroke incidence by finding large vessel stroke in five COVID-19 patients with age <50 years over a 2-week period (as a letter published online April 28 in the New England Journal of Medicine. This issue has been Hooshmandi/Borhani-Haghighi Eur Neurol 2 DOI: 10.1159/000508598 mentioned in other disciplines as well. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012587-h3c9novk author = Bos, Lieuwe D. J. title = Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1457 sentences = 91 flesch = 51 summary = title: Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management Most patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe COVID-19 meet the criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and proven therapies for ARDS not related to COVID-19 are likely effective in these patients as well. Based on these preliminary data, we conclude that compliance and an estimation of lung weight do not correlate in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive endexpiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome Lung morphology predicts response to recruitment maneuver in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024348-nw3a0qco author = Béland, Daniel title = A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada's Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2029 sentences = 107 flesch = 44 summary = The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post-COVID-19. Beyond these public rows involving Alberta, fiscal federalism in Canada was also experiencing, prior to the COVID-19 crisis, significant structural challenges that were of concern to many provinces. The Canadian response to COVID-19 and reforms to fiscal transfer arrangements will be shaped by existing policy legacies as much as by current power relations in the federation. Respecting provincial autonomy will likely remain a key political and policy consideration, although the federal government's dominant fiscal capacity, a considerable source of federal power, could be deployed at a time when the provinces badly need it. cache = ./cache/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024081-19wk56an author = Kalla, Ismail S. title = COVID-19: The Concept of Herd Immunity – Is It A Strategy for South Africa? date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1759 sentences = 102 flesch = 56 summary = The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in January 2020, while the United Nations has described this pandemic as the worst crisis that humanity has faced since the World War II.(1) Our President declared a state of disaster in South Africa on 26 March 2020, enforcing a military-supported national lockdown. The concept of herd immunity was introduced with the widespread use of vaccines to protect against common, but severely debilitating illnesses, such as smallpox and polio, which are spread by human contact and for which humans, are a major reservoir of these viruses. Using mathematical modelling, they postulated a strategy with the aim of achieving herd immunity by allowing the disease to run rampant through their population. However, there are preliminary reports that countries with the widespread use of the BCG vaccine seem to have a lower morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, thus potentially protecting our population. cache = ./cache/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010547-zhw8vh3e author = Vaishya, Raju title = Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1367 sentences = 86 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. In this worldwide health crisis, the medical industry is looking for new technologies to monitor and controls the spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. AI is one of such technology which can easily track the spread of this virus, identifies the high-risk patients, and is useful in controlling this infection in real-time. cache = ./cache/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author = Jandrić, Petar title = Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2393 sentences = 121 flesch = 56 summary = Writing these words from home isolation in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hard not to overstate the viral nature of, and viral perspective to, our postdigital reality. Postdigital viral modernity is equally about biology, culture, and society; in the long run, humanity cannot defend itself from Covid-19 and create a better future without engaging all strata of the society. Therefore, it is crucial that academic researchers working in the humanities and social sciences immediately join the struggle against the pandemic. Instead, we should look into the strengths of our disciplinary knowledges and research methods to try and create opportunities to contribute to humanity's collective struggle against the Covid-19 pandemic and point towards more sustainable futures. Wearing my academic researcher hat, I am not ashamed of naivety of this paper-it honestly represents my current thoughts and feelings about the Covid-19 pandemic on 16 March 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011808-ev7qv94b author = Sfeir, Maroun M title = Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1398 sentences = 91 flesch = 60 summary = Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On 30 December 2019, Dr Wenliang Li, a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was the first medical professional who raised a concern in an online chatroom alarming the healthcare personnel of an outbreak related to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like infection in seven inpatients admitted with severe respiratory tract infections after they visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China. 2 For instance, early during the pandemic and before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended wearing face coverings in public settings on 3 April 2020, many clinicians and nurses in the USA confessed that they faced intimidation, threatening or termination for wearing self-supplied masks in the hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024078-d34e31zd author = Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title = Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4349 sentences = 200 flesch = 53 summary = From the social distancing necessary to reduce the speed of transmission and flatten the curve, to buying essential goods for the duration of a communal lockdown, to the suffering endured by not consuming alcohol and tobacco, to reports about the personal and collective economic costs, to the nightly release of case statistics by geographical region, to the biographies of those who have died, we have amassed a hefty repository of pandemic stories that are intended to reveal a shared humanity and promote common cause. The National Department of Health in its COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for South Africa states an obvious truth about combatting the spread of the virus in our particular situation: "South Africa has a unique challenge of a large vulnerable immunocompromised population living in overcrowded conditions".(13) Over the past 26 years, prior to being hit by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this is a frank admission that we have been sluggish in our duty to address the needs of the masses. cache = ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013212-lx614fy4 author = Nobel, Yael R. title = Reply to GASTRO-D-20-01179 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 588 sentences = 37 flesch = 55 summary = 1 In their letter titled "Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough", the authors suggest that in patients with COVID-19, stool-based testing for leukocytes and erythrocytes/occult blood, rather than patient-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, should be considered. We reviewed their data with interest but remain unconvinced that stool-based testing adds value to the clinical diagnosis of diarrhea among patients with known or suspected COVID-19. In our study, conducted among outpatients with respiratory symptoms being evaluated for COVID-19 during the height of the pandemic, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or nausea/vomiting) was associated with a 70% increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. In sum, our study found that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea with or without nausea/vomiting) predicted a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 among patients with respiratory symptoms at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023988-u60l07jv author = Bao, Yinyin title = Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4647 sentences = 226 flesch = 62 summary = After a two-week self-quarantine, I worked hard in the lab and tried to get as many results as possible, since I realized that universities in the US could also be shut down in the near future, which happened one month later. ■ LONG CHEN, PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, TIANJIN UNIVERSITY During the locked-down period in our city since February, although the laboratories are still closed and all the students keep staying in their hometown, we all have great confidence that our country, and the entire world, can win this COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our team is made up of a number of graduate student researchers and postdocs from LBNL and UC Berkeley who specialize in natural language processing methods for analyzing materials science literature, but we were approached about a month ago by colleagues from the Innovative Genomics Institute about applying some of our techniques to the COVID-19 literature. This summer, I was planning on staying on UBC campus doing research and continuing my work as a teaching assistant until COVID-19 got in the way. cache = ./cache/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011663-3ggah1y1 author = Haider, Najmul title = Response to ‘Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa’ (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 364 sentences = 30 flesch = 55 summary = title: Response to 'Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa' (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) Response to 'Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa' (Epidemiology and Infection -HYG-LE-10513-May-20) Najmul [2] . In the letter, the authors state that they obtained 2417 COVID-19 cases reported by 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa within the 30 days of the first case confirmed in Nigeria on 27 February. The authors also point out that the model did not consider the risk of importing COVID-19 cases from other countries. At the time, virtually no instances of community transmission were being reported outside of China and thus there was no data available to reliably calculate the risk of case importation from other countries (please see WHO's situation Report-18 on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200207sitrep-18-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fa644293_2). Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa cache = ./cache/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012897-n5ujh4qg author = Barrett, Tessa J. title = Platelet and Vascular Biomarkers Associate With Thrombosis and Death in Coronavirus Disease date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1032 sentences = 66 flesch = 45 summary = Following adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, antiplatelet therapy, platelet count, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TxB 2 (P=0.006), P-selectin (P=0.005), sCD40L (P=0.016), and MPV (P=0.012) were independently associated with the composite of thrombosis or death. Of the 24 patients who died TxB 2 (P=0.006), P-selectin (P=0.005), sCD40L (P=0.016), and MPV (P=0.012) were associated with all-cause mortality after multivariable adjustment (Table 2) . We report for the first time that biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health, are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our current study does not characterize the cellular source of measured biomarkers, thus in addition to platelets, plasma P-selectin and sCD40L may originate from alternate sources including endothelial cells and T OR from logistic regression analysis per SD increase for biomarker levels adjusted for age, sex, race, antiplatelet therapy, platelet count, and COPD. 3 We extend those finding and demonstrate that biomarkers of platelet activation are associated with thrombosis or death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022175-h83aed9u author = Zhang, Hui title = Consensus on Pre-examination and Triage in Clinic of Dermatology During Outbreak of COVID-19 From Chinese Experts(#) date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1400 sentences = 60 flesch = 40 summary = Considering that certain skin diseases may have symptom of fever, and some of the carriers of 2019 novel coronavirus and patients with COVID-19 at their early stage may do not present any symptoms of COVID-19, to properly deal with the visitors to clinics of dermatology, the Chinese Society of Dermatology organized experts to formulate the principles and procedures for pre-examination and triage of visitors to clinics of dermatology during the epidemic of COVID-19. Considering the most common symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, and many kinds of skin diseases are also accompanied by fever, properly carrying out pre-examination and triage for patients with skin lesions and fever has been a practical problem encountered in the hospitals for skin diseases and dermatology clinics in general hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024564-ff5ex004 author = Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title = Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2792 sentences = 135 flesch = 44 summary = Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. One document of the European Centre of Disease Control (ECDC) [10] reports that "the detection of CO-VID-19 cases and/or deaths outside of known chains of transmission is a strong signal that social distancing mea-sures should be considered." However, with restrictive testing strategies, these signals may be missed. cache = ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024782-ffl4qtmb author = Schmitt, Willian title = Covid-19: round and oval areas of ground-glass opacity date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 220 sentences = 30 flesch = 55 summary = key: cord-024782-ffl4qtmb authors: Schmitt, Willian; Marchiori, Edson cord_uid: ffl4qtmb The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to express. Patients infected with COVID-19 typically present with fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia, and the infection may cause severe pneumonia. Although test results are normal for many patients, the predominant laboratory abnormalities include the elevation of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Additionally, lymphopenia is consistently present in more than 40% of patients [1-3]. Currently, realtime reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the reference standard test for the definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19): A Perspective from China Imaging Profile of the COVID-19 Infection: Radiologic Findings and Literature Review A role for CT in COVID-19? Chest Imaging Appearance of COVID-19 Infection CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia CT Features of Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013035-7sfj0czv author = Savinelli, Stefano title = Reply date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1259 sentences = 67 flesch = 41 summary = We read with great interest the article by McCarthy et al., 1 regarding the favourable use of tocilizumab in a series of patients presenting with cytokine storm related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Reducing short-term mortality from cytokine release syndrome may come at the expense of long-term fatality rate, due to secondary healthcare or ventilator-associated bacterial or fungal infections, especially in critically ill patients with increased length of hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU). However, observational studies demonstrate favourable outcomes regarding mortality and risk of proceeding to endotracheal intubation when IL-6RA are used in a pre-critical (pre-intensive care unit (ICU)) setting, such as that described in our report, before the onset of severe respiratory failure. To address these questions, our group has designed a phase 2, open-label, two-stage, multicentre, randomized trial comparing different doses of single-dose administration of tocilizumab in adults with severe, non-critical, COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammatory state. cache = ./cache/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012898-1jl6zcwa author = Schäfer, Sarah K. title = Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense of Coherence date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2988 sentences = 180 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and to investigate the ability of pre-outbreak SOC levels to predict changes in psychopathological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although mental health was stable in most respondents, a small group of respondents characterized by low levels of SOC experienced increased psychopathological symptoms from preto post-outbreak. In the current study, we aimed to examine the number of respondents who experienced a clinically significant change in psychopathological symptom levels from preto post-outbreak assessment or significant levels of CO-VID-19-related traumatic distress. Based on previous studies on COVID-19-related traumatic distress [5, 25] , we expected significant levels of traumatic distress in 10-20% of the sample and stronger stress responses in females, younger respondents, and those reporting a poor sleep quality. In the low-stress group, psychopathological symptoms decreased from pre-to post-outbreak assessment and SOC levels increased. cache = ./cache/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024956-oht0v33s author = Yu, Minhua title = Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2496 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = title: Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease The purpose was to compare radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia on thin-section CT upon admission between patients with mild and severe disease. Thus, the purpose of our current study was to compare radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia on thin-section CT between patients with mild and severe disease. We studied the findings on chest CT at hospital presentation in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, focusing our comparisons between the patients with mild and severe disease. As for characteristics in CT images, COVID-19 pneumonia seems to be more extensive in the severe form of disease, involving a larger number of lung segments. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, china cache = ./cache/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025886-259357pg author = Mehrotra, Sanjay title = A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6800 sentences = 382 flesch = 58 summary = Going forward, the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic will require centralized decision-making around how to equitably allocate, and reallocate, limited supplies of ventilators to states in need. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In this section, we present a multiperiod planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. The results in Table 4 indicate that in Cases VI (severe) and V (extreme), the State of New York requires between 11 100 and 17 500 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Overall, the model developed in this paper can be used as a planning tool/framework by state and federal agencies in acquiring and allocating ventilators to meet national demand. cache = ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024935-22jvb4i7 author = Kundu, Shinjini title = How Might AI and Chest Imaging Help Unravel COVID-19’s Mysteries? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3324 sentences = 196 flesch = 46 summary = Another study trained a deep learning system (DeepPneumonia) that could localize lesions and classify a patient within 30 seconds with a reported AUC of 0.99 for COVID-19 findings (the system is available online for academic use) on 88 COVID-19 patients from 2 hospitals, 101 bacterial pneumonia patients, and 86 healthy patients [19] . Another report achieved a classification accuracy of 79.3% in external validation on a study differentiating images from 180 viral pneumonia cases from 79 COVID-19 cases using a transfer learning neural network based on Inception network [22] . Furthermore, the ability to identify COVID-19 pneumonia on imaging may depend on the timing of CT acquisition in the patient's disease course. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Machine learning-based CT radiomics model for predicting hospital stay in patients with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter study cache = ./cache/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012903-fdl1d8as author = Kundi, Harun title = Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 718 sentences = 44 flesch = 53 summary = title: Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey As it is unknown whether this decrease applies to Turkey, we sought to show the trends of AMI patient admission during the COVID-19 era. The number of patients admitted to the Ankara City Hospital, the hospital with the largest bed capacity (3.704) in Europe, was determined using electronic health records between June 1 st , 2019 (the start date of full-capacity work in the department of cardiology of the Ankara City Hospital) and May 6 th , 2020. Additionally, the piecewise regression analysis showed that the number of AMI patient admissions decreased significantly during the COVID-19 era (p<0.001). Our study shows that the number of AMI patient admissions decreased during the COVID-19 era, similar to prior studies in the United States, Spain, and Austria (5) (6) (7) . cache = ./cache/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024634-ciuynofm author = DOBBS, Mary title = National Governance of Public Health Responses in a Pandemic? date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3825 sentences = 192 flesch = 50 summary = Whilst each state shares values and goals of strong public health and also a resilient economy, with both closely intertwined in the long term, there is clearly no broad global consensus on the balance between values and approaches to them. Consequently, any decision-making is based on the precautionary principle (whether express or otherwise) and it becomes more challenging to identify clear pathways to address the pandemic effectively that also minimise countervailing riskssomething that may in itself justify national rather than international approaches, even whilst benefiting from the centralisation and sharing of scientific data. If one returns to the three core approaches and presumes that they are each effective in principleherd immunity will arise, case numbers and severity can be controlled and/or the disease can be eradicated within the populationsimply reflect on the global nature of our society and the continued shifting nature of our populations. cache = ./cache/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024005-rsnf1ib0 author = Paquet, Mireille title = COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1857 sentences = 107 flesch = 42 summary = While political leaders and media often describe COVID-19 as a crisis, the concept of CIPs generates more analytical power to understand the management of this pandemic in federations and multilevel governance systems. Instead of taking federal arrangements as a starting point, this approach focusses on the nature and characteristics of a policy problem to analyze how governance systems and actors adapt. Our research into a previous CIP in Canada-irregular border crossings-demonstrated a clear pattern of the short-term, medium-term and long-term effects that these types of problems can have on the intergovernmental system (Schertzer and Paquet, 2020) . One of the key takeaways from the surge in irregular border crossings in Canada is that a CIP evolves over time: initial periods of crisis management and collaboration can give way to intergovernmental conflict. Beyond Canada, the concept of CIPs can be used to compare responses to, and the consequences of, COVID-19 in other federations. cache = ./cache/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026340-2nf97zvc author = Singh, Ranjana title = Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7542 sentences = 412 flesch = 55 summary = In this review article, we have systematically searched for details of COVID-19 pandemic till May 2020 and assembled few data pertaining to (i) Corona viruses; (ii) SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19' and (iii) How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine mediates anti-viral effect in both prophylactic and therapeutic setting. The Corona Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) after assessing the etiological agent named it SARS-CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus2) and the disease outbreak as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-Year of Identification). During COVID-19, SARS-CoV2 S-protein binds to host cell's receptor ACE2 (Belouzard et al. As for the case of SARS-CoV, it was shown that the binding specificity of virus to host cell was due to 3 prime amino acid residues in S1 protein at positions 360, 479, and 487. cache = ./cache/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024378-po1bu4v3 author = CHAKRABORTY, Sweta title = How Risk Perceptions, Not Evidence, Have Driven Harmful Policies on COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 88 flesch = 51 summary = 17, 18 Research shows that media coverage of a public health risk such as COVID-19 can introduce particular risk characteristics that influence public perceptions and therefore become a factor in itself in how the risk is viewed. This along with the social amplification of risk amplifies risk perceptions and can result in the inaccurate overemphasis of primary public health impacts. Specifically, a proactive risk communication plan ahead of an outbreak would have allowed for clear, consistent communication that would have quelled public fears and presumably have allowed evidence-based containment and mitigation policies to take hold. 26 The ripple effects of the policies put in place to mitigate against the primary public health impacts of COVID-19 may very well produce a worse overall outcomes picture. It is evident that existing risk communication research has not been consistently consulted in managing the COVID-19 outbreak, nor has a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis been conducted to prevent worse overall outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025765-gd8217va author = Weersink, Alfons title = Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3787 sentences = 164 flesch = 58 summary = The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. Although there are significant short-term disruptions as highlighted by the dumping of milk and the temporary closure of poultry processing facilities, the focus on a domestic market by these sectors along with the stability and coordination of its supply management marketing systems has mitigated, to an extent, the economic implications of COVID-19. The discussion highlights the importance of distinguishing between the farm output (i.e., milk, chicken, and eggs) and the products stemming from that output, the difference in the demand for those products for home consumption versus dining out, and the difference in the distribution systems for grocery retailers and the hospitality industry. cache = ./cache/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024080-eh3ztsv5 author = Dheda, Keertan title = Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3953 sentences = 214 flesch = 44 summary = Recent data from infections in special contexts such as cruise liners (9) and in close contacts of COVID-19 patients (10) have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-PCR may be positive in the early phase of the disease, and that viral shedding in the asymptomatic phase and in the early prodromal phase can be considerable. (19) This false negativity phenomenon may be due to several factors, including a low viral load below the detection limit of the assay, low sample volume or cellular mass during acquisition, sampling location (upper versus lower respiratory tract), sample degradation during transport or storage, sample processing methodology and the timing of sampling in relation to the stage of the disease (RT-PCR positivity may progressively increase during the course of the disease). In patients with more severe diseases, including those with lower respiratory tract infection, but also in individuals with mild disease, high viral loads can be detected often for several days after the resolution of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024130-kgzegwon author = Ankita title = COVID-19: An Ophthalmological Update date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2845 sentences = 190 flesch = 51 summary = Conjunctival secretions from patients and asymptomatic contacts of COVID-19 cases may also spread the disease further into the community. In view of the presence of coronavirus in body fluids of patients, and SARS-CoV-2 being similar to SARS-CoV, the risk of transmission through conjunctival secretion and tear cannot be neglected. Patients with conjunctivitis may initially report to an ophthalmologist, possibly making the eye care physician to first suspect a case of COVID-19 (Lu et al. According to a recently published literature on COVID-19 conjunctivitis, tear sample and conjunctival swab are reported to be positive for the novel coronavirus. As per recent AAO guidelines, as a response to the state of national emergency due to COVID-19, eye care practitioners should reduce the number of outpatient The following preventive measures should be taken by the ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic for general patients (Group 1 and 2) during such outbreaks: Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author = Tang, Daxing title = Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5846 sentences = 300 flesch = 43 summary = Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions (First Edition)," 17 "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan on the New Coronavirus inflicted pneumonia (Sixth trial edition, revised)" 2 (both released by the National Health Commission of China), "Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of General Surgery in the Background of New Coronavirus Outbreak," 6 and other relevant latest reports, we propose the following control measures and practical strategies for pediatric surgery practice during the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025747-iuzoio29 author = Murphy, Rebecca title = Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8908 sentences = 408 flesch = 54 summary = A potential practical solution to address some of these problems is to deliver enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E), an evidence-based treatment for all eating disorders, remotely. To identify and discuss the additional eating disorder-related problems that may arise as a result of COVID-19, as well as potential opportunities for adapting some aspects of CBT-E to address them. Standard procedures for addressing eating disorder psychopathology also require modification in light of the additional problems caused by A potential practical solution to address some of these problems is to deliver enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E: Fairburn et al., 2003; Fairburn, 2008) remotely. New problems and potential opportunities arising from COVID-19 Some inevitable consequences of COVID-19, in particular the prolonged social isolation (Brooks et al., 2020) and the fear associated with possible infection, may interact negatively with eating disorder psychopathology and the provision of CBT-E treatment (Dalle Grave, 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025556-oyfx3ij5 author = THUNSTRÖM, LINDA title = Testing for COVID-19: willful ignorance or selfless behavior? date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6776 sentences = 296 flesch = 58 summary = Furthermore, willful ignorance often arises when selfish wants conflict with social benefits, which might be particularly likely for potential 'super-spreaders' – people with many social interactions – given people who test positive are urged to self-isolate for two weeks. Furthermore, we expect those at the lowest risk of losing out financially (e.g., risk to labor income or health care costs) or emotionally from self-isolating (i.e., if they are introverts who attach a low value to social interactions) to be the most willing to get tested for COVID-19. We therefore conclude that the positive effect of being an extrovert on willingness to test for COVID-19 is likely due to social health benefits weighing more heavily in their decision than their private costs from potential self-isolation for 14 days, should the test come back positive. cache = ./cache/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 author = Shah, Pooja title = Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2672 sentences = 144 flesch = 52 summary = While the city planners are still struggling to maintain balance between logistic planning and resource management, dense urban built up, affordable housing and other factors are challenging the planners to find out potential site for COVID-19 patients and quarantine. The predicting strength of the software is explored by developing model to predict the cases of COVID-19 using explanatory variables like population density, building density, building heights and types of use of land like housing, commercial or industrial and positive cases of COVID based on above parameters the prediction model will help to show the probable area of containment Using this model, the severity of the pandemic can be tracked and can be monitored to avoid further spread of diseases. The use of such data in Surat city has helped in managing the spread of the COVID-19 effect. cache = ./cache/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023038-p9w9fwak author = Fang, Mengjie title = CT radiomics can help screen the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a preliminary study date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 147 flesch = 48 summary = The radiomics, which explores huge amounts of features from medical image for disease diagnosis, may help the screen of the COVID-19. The radiomics workflow of this study includes retrospective data collection, lung lesion segmentation, image preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection and signature construction, and performance evaluation. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves are plotted for the features and the radiomic signature to assess their predictive performances and are compared using the Delong test. The stratification analysis is presented on gender, age, with/without chronic disease and degree of severity to evaluate the association of radiomic signature with COVID-19 in different clinical subgroups. We evaluate the predictive ability of the radiomic features based on univariate analysis, and find that 23 features yield significant differences between COVID-19 and other types of pneumonias with p-values < 0.05. The experimental results have demonstrated that many radiomic features from the pneumonia are highly associated with the infection of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026130-ki7bn67o author = Sharma, Anand Kumar title = Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5073 sentences = 330 flesch = 57 summary = In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that are typically mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), though rarer forms such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19 can be lethal [4] . Based on currently available information and clinical expertise, older adults of over 60 years and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions (comorbidities) might be at higher risk of developing the severe disease with SARS-CoV-2, which may even lead to death. As of April 22, 2020, more than 2.5 million people all over the world have tested positive for COVID19 countries including India have evaluated the pandemic situation and have taken the "extraordinary measures" of complete lockdown to contain the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024349-f8hm9v9g author = MICKLITZ, Hans-W. title = The COVID-19 Threat: An Opportunity to Rethink the European Economic Constitution and European Private Law date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2443 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = 7 The COVID-19 threat has opened a window of opportunity for transgressing boundaries, for thinking the unthinkable: a fundamental revision of the European Economic Constitution and therewith European private law. There will be lessons to learn as to who will benefit from the crisis -Member State politics, national governments, multinationals, online business, transport of goodsand who will suffer: the EU as an institution, the European legal order based on the four freedoms and competition, national parliaments, small and medium-sized companies and non-essential economic sectors. The COVID-19 threat provides critical legal scholarship with a unique opportunity, despite all of the current and future uncertainties and speculations, to move far beyond the mainstream understanding of the economic constitution and private law. cache = ./cache/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026803-p1o4qc1h author = Maddury, Jyotsna title = Need of the Hour— COVID-19 for Cardiologists date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 111 flesch = 46 summary = The most distressing pandemic at present is coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initial studies showed low association of chronic cardiac diseases (10%) in COVID-19 patients along with the acute cardiac injury accounting to 23%. These reports with new information urge cardiologists to warn patients about the potential risk and encourage them to practice "additional, reasonable precautions" for those with underlying heart disease. As SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV have similar pathogenicity, myocardial injury caused due to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be immune mediated through the ACE2 receptor or cytokine storm and/or hypoxia due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As there is an increased risk of secondary infections with COVID-19, patients are advised to remain current with vaccinations, including the pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine in accordance with current ACC/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges cache = ./cache/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025557-hxn46xnn author = Rayment, Erica title = Pandemic Parliaments: Canadian Legislatures in a Time of Crisis date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2115 sentences = 109 flesch = 43 summary = Through an analysis of parliamentary records from all elected federal, provincial and territorial legislatures in Canada, we find that the role of parliaments as sites of citizen representation has suffered the most, whereas the scrutinizing and legislative functions of parliaments have tended to be preserved, albeit in a significantly truncated form. Through an analysis of parliamentary records from all elected federal, provincial and territorial legislatures in Canada, we find that the role of parliaments as sites of citizen representation has suffered the most, whereas the scrutinizing and legislative functions of parliaments have tended to be preserved, albeit in a significantly truncated form. To assess the extent to which these three functions of parliament have been affected, we gathered data for several key indicators: the number of meeting days since the declaration of an emergency, whether the meeting was conducted with a reduced number of legislators, whether the legislation passed, and whether question period has continued. cache = ./cache/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011482-c2jdjh2u author = Riccardo, Bertolo title = Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 244 sentences = 27 flesch = 61 summary = key: cord-011482-c2jdjh2u title: Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic cord_uid: c2jdjh2u To date, real-time polymerase chain reaction in respiratory samples is the gold standard method for diagnosing COVID-19 (6) . Nevertheless, molecular tests are time consuming, requiring specialized operators, thus limiting widespread use in real-life. This is why we adopted VivaDiagTM COVID-19 IgM/IgG test. Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist's clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low-and middle-income countries during the crisis period Robotic Urology Section) guidelines during COVID-19 emergency. Performance of VivaDiag COVID-19 IgM/ IgG Rapid Test is inadequate for diagnosis of COVID-19 in acute patients referring to emergency room department Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis To the president Ettore Sansavini, who offered the health-care professionals of San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, to undergo the test. cache = ./cache/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024613-yump76qu author = Wu, Chunxing title = Recommendations for control and prevention of infections for pediatric orthopedics during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3818 sentences = 273 flesch = 43 summary = Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares, for clinical practices of pediatric orthopedics according to the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2. Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares for pediatric orthopedics, pediatric surgery and others. reCommendAtion formAtion proCeSS Given the high demand of patients for medical treatment and the need to protect medical staff from infectious diseases, a recommendation working group "Recommendation Formulating Team for Pediatric Orthopedic Infection controls during the Epidemic's Period of COVID-19" (including all authors) was formed to focus on relevant issues for protection of medical staff in pediatric surgery, pediatric orthopedics, infectious diseases department, anesthesiology department, and nursing department to hospital administrators. cache = ./cache/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027759-5mz0qlwq author = Zhou, Anli Yue title = Mental health and the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 720 sentences = 44 flesch = 45 summary = The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm well-established healthcare systems, and medical professionals have to work under extreme pressures and uncertainty [1, 2] . Front-line staff such as doctors involved in diagnosis, treatment and care are particularly vulnerable to negative mental health outcomes [4] . Healthcare organizations are recognizing how mental health problems can impact on the quality of healthcare [1, 9] and there have been suggestions to provide ongoing remote psychological support for front-line staff [9, 10] . The multidisciplinary nature of in-house occupational health departments can be a source of psychological support for distressed medical staff alongside other services that may be available to front-line staff such as the recently implemented mental health hotline [12] . Due to the overwhelming impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, single and simple solutions are very unlikely to mitigate the negative mental health outcomes of COVID-19 on medical professionals. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026603-h4zy3244 author = Gallo, Oreste title = “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 960 sentences = 58 flesch = 48 summary = [1] The official death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has reached, as of May 27th, 350 000 and it is now recognised that severe outcomes of this infection are associated to a complex dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which clinically translates into acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cytokine release syndrome, the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the disseminated intravascular coagulation. [5] On the contrary, other authors have subsequently suggested that cancer patients, because of their impaired immune system due to the tumour itself and its therapies, are expected to have a reduced systemic inflammatory response to the virus and, thus, non-inferior mortality rates. [8] Overall, our findings seem to confirm the role of age as one of the strongest prognostic factors; in addition, we suggest that cancer patients are not necessarily at higher risk for COVID-19 associated death because their impaired immune responsiveness might act as a protective factor from the cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024649-y7nqz6vk author = Bösel, J. title = Neurologische Auswirkungen von COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 372 flesch = 44 summary = Hinzu kommen ein vermutlich erheblicher Schon früh nach Beginn der Pandemie trat die Frage auf, wie es sich mit dem Risiko bei immunsupprimierten und/oder immunmodulatorisch behandelten neurologischen Patienten verhält, also z. Schnell gaben internationale und nationale Fachgesellschaften zu diesen und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen Empfehlungen heraus, mit zahlreichen wichtigen Hinweisen zur Prävention und zum Monitoring und mit -sehr vereinfacht zusammengefasst -dem Tenor, immunmodulatorische Therapien, die für den Krankheitsverlauf wichtig sind, nicht wegen der Pandemie zu pausieren oder abzubrechen. Weil kaum angenommen werden kann, dass sich unter der Pandemie tatsächlich Inzidenzen verändern, muss befürchtet werden, dass aus Sorge vor einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 oder wegen der Aufmerksamkeit, die COVID-19 berechtigterweise erfährt, Patienten mit neurologischen Notfallerkrankungen ihre Symptome "aussitzen" bzw. Ob COVID-19 nun spezifische oder eher unspezifische Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem hat, mag zwar für Diagnostik und Therapie, die zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch völlig unklar ist, eine wichtige Rolle spielen, aber zunächst einmal werden wir zunehmend Patienten sehen, die im Zusammenhang mit der Virusinfektion neurologisch beeinträchtigt sind und optimal behandelt werden müssen. cache = ./cache/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022603-rgb409fo author = Descatha, A. title = Prise en charge en urgence d’un salarié avec suspicion d’une symptomatologie COVID-19 date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1057 sentences = 154 flesch = 77 summary = L'objectif de ce travail est une mise au point des particularités de la prise en charge de suspicion de COVID-19 parmi les travailleurs. La base des protocoles est la même que celle habituellement mise en place dans les entreprises, mais adaptée à la situation particulière du COVID-19 qui a été considérée comme un motif de recours en lui-même [3, 4] . Après la prise en charge de la personne, bien prévenir le service de santé au travail et suivre ses consignes [6] [7] [8] , y compris pour l'hygiène du poste de travail et le suivi des salariés. En cas de problème ou de gravité, appel du SAMU au 15 ; • après la prise en charge de la personne, bien prévenir le service de santé au travail et suivre ses consignes, y compris pour l'hygiène du poste de travail et le suivi des salariés. cache = ./cache/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026788-4d3r9rj8 author = Singla, Vikas title = Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1952 sentences = 133 flesch = 50 summary = The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family. Drugs used to treat severe COVID-19 may cause liver injury and may have an effect on the underlying disease activity. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread throughout the globe in a very short span of time, which is beyond the imagination of most of us. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in southern China in November 2002 and resulted in more than 800 deaths. Patients with decompensated liver disease may be more prone to infection by SARS-CoV-2 because of underlying immunocompromised state, and the disease may be severe in these patients. In conclusion, SARS-CoV2 can cause hepatic and pancreatic injury, which is more common in patients with severe disease. cache = ./cache/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011637-1ojind95 author = Roffi, Marco title = The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1419 sentences = 72 flesch = 46 summary = In addition, shared experiences estimate an up to 60-minute increase in intrinsic delay from diagnosis to reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in regions deeply affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, because of suboptimal EMS availability and the implementation of personal protective equipment at any level of care (prehospital, emergency department, and cardiac catheterization laboratory). Key Words: COVID-19 ◼ emergency medical services ◼ reperfusion ◼ ST elevation myocardial infarction treated successfully with no complications, the additional coronary lesions are easily accessible, and the patient is hemodynamically stable, immediate complete revascularization may be an attractive guideline-conforming option to avoid a staged procedure, which would prolong the hospital stay or require a second admission and additional personnel exposure if the patient is COVID-19 positive. The regional STEMI network was quickly changed into a model of macrohubs to concentrate personnel and urgent activities, such as primary PCI for STEMI or interventional stroke management, while expanding health resources for patients with COVID-19 in all remaining hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011725-t1jl4cy1 author = Varma, Niraj title = HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3643 sentences = 193 flesch = 38 summary = In light of the current pandemic, monitoring strategies should focus on selecting high-risk patients in need of close surveillance and using alternative remote recording devices to preserve personal protective equipment and protect health care workers from potential contagious harm. 21-23 Virtual clinics move far beyond simple telephone contacts by integrating information from photos, video, mobile heart rhythm and mobile health devices recording ECG, and remote cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) interrogations. In the outpatient setting, a recent statement from the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) "cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems." (This does not affect FDA-approved uses for malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.) 51 Exceptions to this practice are acknowledged to occur in some regions, as these drugs have been used outside the United States without regulatory warnings. cache = ./cache/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author = Schartau, Patricia title = Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2040 sentences = 106 flesch = 58 summary = The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Over time this was confirmed by data collected by Global Health 50/50 (May 6th) in countries that had a high COVID-19 caseload; with death rates of 62% men and 38% women in Italy, 58% and 42% (respectively) in Spain, and 80% and 20% (respectively) in Greece. In the next section, we will move to discuss how governmental and public The current COVID-19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. 5 As it happens, one of the authors (PS) of this article was in the small town of Landsberg for a meeting on the day when Germany's first COVID-19 case was recorded there: the patient was a male who worked for a company that has two car plants in Wuhan in China. cache = ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012916-1op8m0pk author = Jia, Fei title = Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1303 sentences = 78 flesch = 58 summary = title: Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China RESULTS: With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. Taking the recovery period of COVID-19 in China, for example, we collected WeChat Index data and analyzed the public's concern about the course of COVID-19 and the restoration of emotional tendency through keywords search. With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. With the gradual control of COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status generally changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. cache = ./cache/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011424-d4pswmxa author = Naidich, Jason J. title = Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Imaging Case Volumes date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 197 flesch = 60 summary = METHODS: Imaging case volumes in a large health care system were retrospectively studied, analyzing weekly imaging volumes by patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) and modality types (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine) in years 2020 and 2019. The imaging case volumes were provided as aggregate data for each week (Sunday to Saturday) in 2019 and 2020 stratified by patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) and imaging modality types (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine). The imaging case volumes were provided for each imaging modality type (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine) in aggregate sum data according to the patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) for each week 1 to 16 in both 2020 and 2019 calendar years. cache = ./cache/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 author = Zhong, Yueyang title = COVID-19: Evidence of the Eye date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 534 sentences = 43 flesch = 57 summary = Based on 13 case series and 9 case reports, we would like to share five key points of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients, hoping to provide a new perspective and broader view of the disease. First, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause ocular manifestations. The first large epidemiological study reported 9 cases of conjunctival congestion among 1099 patients in China 2 . Ocular manifestations may present as the initial and the only symptoms of infection. Ocular involvements are more likely to present in severe COVID-19 cases, and there is no age or gender preference. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection cache = ./cache/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023483-owgs4syo author = Marshall, John L title = Colorectal cancer care in the age of coronavirus: strategies to reduce risk and maintain benefit date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2826 sentences = 138 flesch = 48 summary = It is virtually impossible to detail every possible scenario that clinicians and patients could face over the coming months, so instead we are providing a broader outline of the basic principles we are incorporating into decision making, specific ideas of how to modify common treatment regimens and a table highlighting strategic guidance to consider when making multidisciplinary recommendations. It is important to recognize that while our current guidelines do reflect the current standards, there are significant modifications that can be made, which are unlikely to result in any major significant negative impact on an individual patient; However, there are key moments in the treatment of colorectal cancer where we are delivering curative therapy. We must continue to support our patients so that they receive optimized treatment for their colorectal cancer, while at the same time minimizing their individual risk of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012856-53ep0kty author = Thyagarajan, Rama title = Timing of surgery after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1100 sentences = 72 flesch = 40 summary = In such circumstances, employers and local public health authorities may choose to apply more stringent recommendations, such as a test-based strategy, if feasible, or a requirement for a longer period of isolation after illness resolution." 5 Another important concern is risk of postoperative complications in newly recovered COVID-19 patients. 9,10 A recent international multicenter cohort study of 1,128 COVID positive patients undergoing emergent (74%) and elective (26.1%) surgeries noted that pulmonary complications occurred in 51.2% of patients with a 30-day mortality of 38% (82% of all deaths were due to COVID-19 infection). 6, 8 Between 2 and 4 weeks after symptom onset, we recommend a test-based strategy due to insufficient data that recovered COVID patients are completely uninfectious. As more COVID-19-positive patients recover, it will also be important to perform postoperative studies related to timing of surgery and risk factors for poor outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026336-xdymj4dk author = Ranjan, Rajesh title = Temporal Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreak and Future Projections: A Data-Driven Approach date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3688 sentences = 197 flesch = 56 summary = Long-term predictions for an ongoing epidemic are typically performed using epidemiological models that predict the timing of the peak in infections followed by its decay using non-linear fits from the available data. For countries, which are not yet in the decline phase, these models use the peak predicted by epidemiological models but correct the infection rate to incorporate a realistic slow decline based on the trends from the recent data. Typically for an ongoing epidemic, epidemiological models estimate the underlying parameters based on fit from available data and then use simple ordinary differential equations to predict the day of the peak and the decay rate. All European countries in Table 1 except UK, where the outbreak is already in the decline phase, show a good convergence of epidemic sizes i.e., predictions from the epidemiological models are not very different as shown in the case of Italy (Fig. 3a) . cache = ./cache/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027031-3olk1i7v author = Hillson, Rowan title = COVID‐19: diabetes and death. A call to action date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1601 sentences = 126 flesch = 74 summary = 'Adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, region and cardiovascular comorbidity, the odds ratio for dying in-hospital with COVID-19 in people with Type 1 diabetes compared to the population without known diabetes was 2.86 and 1.81 for people with Type 2 diabetes.' Deaths in people with diabetes have more than doubled during the COVID-19 epidemic 3 The study above only included people who died in hospital. Compared with people with normal renal function, the risk of COVID-19 related death with an eGFR of 30-44 was 2.16 in type 1 diabetes and 1.75 in type 2 diabetes. 6 In a US study of 1122 people with COVID-19 in hospital, 451 had diabetes (defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%) and/ or uncontrolled hyperglycaemia among whom 28.8% died compared with 6.2% of other patients. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 related mortality in England: a cohort study in people with diabetes cache = ./cache/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024317-w1ep0wq8 author = Ku, Zhiqiang title = Antibody therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2215 sentences = 152 flesch = 47 summary = Here, we discuss some of the most active areas of developing strategies to treat COVID-19, focusing on approaches to generate neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE: Development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with the desired efficacy and safety profile is a critical part of the toolbox of therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays an essential role in virus entry into host cells and is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies 5, 9 (Figures 1C,D) . Two MERS-CoV neutralizing mAbs, G2 and 7D10, target the S1-NTD region and function by blocking spike protein interaction with the host receptor DPP4 47, 48 . In the monkey study, researchers found that rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 through the intratracheal route had mild illness, and their lungs showed signs of pneumonia similar to those in humans with COVID-19 58 . cache = ./cache/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026991-75sbxnsc author = Sultan, Omar Muayad title = Pulmonary ct manifestations of COVID-19: changes within 2 weeks duration from presentation date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 156 flesch = 55 summary = This retrospective study aims to determine and compare the pulmonary changes in Iraqi patients with COVID-19 disease across the first two weeks after onset of symptoms using computerized tomography (CT) scan. With the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing number of patients suspected or confirmed with the disease, the radiologists are facing more and more cases because of the paramount role of imaging, particularly chest CT scans in the workup algorithm. In the current study, we compared the pulmonary radiological features associated with COVID-19 infection between two groups of patients, who underwent chest CT scans after different durations from initial clinical presentations. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in the pulmonary manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection when CT scan conducted earlier or later after the clinical presentation, with alteration, on one hand in the proportion and combination of GGO (becoming less) and consolidation (getting more) and, on another hand, more diffuse and multilobar distribution at the second week. cache = ./cache/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024076-q9fw7ch1 author = Manga, Pravin title = Should ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Be Withdrawn in the Current Setting of COVID-19 Infection? date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1862 sentences = 90 flesch = 41 summary = The reports urging caution in the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are based on laboratory data which found that SARS-CoV and COVID-19 virus binds to ACE 2 receptor which is found in the epithelial cells of the lung, kidney, intestine and blood vessels. Thus, a clear causal relationship between those with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and diabetes with chronic kidney disease (DCKD) on ACE inhibitors or ARB treatment and an increased risk of COVID-19 does not exist. In South Africa, hypertension, HFrEF and diabetes are common non-communicable diseases, and a significant proportion of patients are being treated with generic versions of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. There is extremely strong scientific evidence for the benefit of RAAS inhibition in patients with cardiovascular disease. cache = ./cache/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024323-9w055rnn author = Blanco-Colino, Ruth title = Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection() date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 976 sentences = 70 flesch = 58 summary = Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection § Sospecha de abdomen agudo como manifestació n extrapulmonar de infecció n por In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, which quickly spread across China and to a new focal point in Europe. During the anamnesis, the patient reported a mild cough without mucus over the previous week, but no associated arthromyalgia, rhinorrhea, dyspnea or respiratory symptoms. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 This case report shows the current importance of reviewing the possible existence of respiratory symptoms during the anamnesis of patients initially referred for surgical evaluation. cache = ./cache/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025619-vtk2ujx9 author = nan title = Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increase risk of death in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 242 sentences = 19 flesch = 63 summary = Two months ago, the WHO initiated the Solidarity Trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of four drugs and drug combinations against COVID-19, said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, at a media briefing on COVID-19 on 25 May 2020. However, after the results of the above observational trial were published in The Lancet, the Executive Group of the Solidarity Trial met and agreed "to review a comprehensive analysis and critical appraisal of all evidence available globally," said the Director-General. The Executive Group has implemented a temporary pause of the hydroxychloroquine arm within the Solidarity Trial while the safety data is reviewed by the Data Safety Monitoring Board, but the other treatment arms are continuing. "This concern relates to the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -25 cache = ./cache/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024133-zv0ysi8m author = Saxena, Shailendra K. title = Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2220 sentences = 142 flesch = 49 summary = On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic that causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (World Health Organization 2020a). In addition, the scientific fraternity worldwide has been continuously working on COVID-19 from the beginning by publishing the genome and developing highly specific diagnostic tools for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is no specific treatment available for SARS-CoV-2 and the current treatment relies on supportive care of the infected patients (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention 2020b). Fig. 1.3 Steps needed to be taken by COVID-19 patients in order to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens from persons for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2020b) Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026764-eag13h3p author = Sumner, O. title = Age-appropriate antibiotics date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 833 sentences = 61 flesch = 53 summary = Several recent clinical studies have investigated hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients but these have been at high risk of bias, hence the need for large randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials to determine the potential benefits and harms before any role can be recommended. Hydroxychloroquine is one such drug with hypothesised mechanisms of action and in vitro evidence supporting the inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Treating paediatric patients in an Urgent Dental Care Centre at Newcastle Dental Hospital, we have worryingly seen a shocking proportion of children who have been prescribed age-inappropriate, suboptimal doses of antibiotics and subsequently referred for treatment as 'unresponsive to antibiotics' . 4 The Centre for Evidence Based Medicine's commentary on PPE in primary care concerns general medical practice. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024936-ncia0h9m author = Luker, Gary D. title = Transitioning to a New Normal after COVID-19: Preparing to Get Back on Track for Cancer Imaging date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2949 sentences = 140 flesch = 49 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic presents institutions and radiologists with two formidable challenges: 1) trying to maintain clinical and research operations in the face of social distancing and stay-at-home-orders; and 2) plotting a course to transition from the immediate threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to an uncertain future that certainly will not resemble conditions we previously regarded as normal. While recognizing that COVID-19 has disrupted essentially all aspects of life, this commentary focuses on the immediate and projected future impact on clinical care and research in cancer imaging and image-guided therapy. As the outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in the United States, there were two main priorities that clinics had with regard to decision-making on cancer imaging appointments: keeping people healthy and preserving personal protective equipment resources. As institutional review boards may be prioritizing COVID-19 related projects, there may be a delay in new cancer imaging studies that can be approved and initiated. cache = ./cache/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027036-lvcxrmih author = Shaw, Ken title = The impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 infection date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2055 sentences = 97 flesch = 42 summary = For example, studies are described reporting defects of cell-mediated immunity and diminished lymphocyte transformation response in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, while impaired leucocyte function, the first line of defence against secondary bacterial infection, can be demonstrated from observation of reduced phagocytic activity with increasing levels of blood glucose. These early reports of COVID-19 infection included observations of 52 critically ill adult patients with coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the ICU at the Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital, where diabetes was found in twice the number of individuals who died compared to those who survived (22% vs 10%). 5 This outcome has since been replicated on a wider scale from 552 hospitals across China 6 where, in a total of 1099 patients with established COVID-19 infection, diabetes was present in 7.4% of cases overall, but recorded in a significantly greater proportion of those with severe compared to non-severe disease (16.2% vs 5.7%). cache = ./cache/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027798-aq13cugo author = Kenny, Sue title = Covid-19 and community development date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1377 sentences = 71 flesch = 52 summary = In the context of the immense demand, there is growing pressure for community development practitioners to focus entirely on welfare work, as agents of the "benign" state. A society in which fear is amplified, power is ceded to governments and communities practise self-surveillance provides an ideal setting for authoritarian practices. Nevertheless, there is a growing chorus of voices warning us of the ways in which authoritarianism is seeping into the fabric of society, particularly when this takes place under the guise of controlling the Covid-19 pandemic. For example, we are being alerted to the ways in which authoritarian populists such as Orban in Hungary and Bolsonaro in Brazil have used the pandemic as a cover to extend their powers, by eliminating dissent and extending state surveillance. At the beginning of May, 2020, what can those committed to community development be doing in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the changing socio-political milieu? cache = ./cache/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028525-0ckagrt1 author = Yung, Chee Fu title = Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Adults to Children date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1706 sentences = 89 flesch = 56 summary = Beginning on March 5, because of concern that infected children might not display symptoms, the Ministry of Health Singapore implemented screening for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs for all pediatric household contacts (regardless of symptoms) of persons with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. During March and April, among 137 households with a total of 223 adults (index patients) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 213 children aged ≤16 years were tested for SARS-6 CoV-2; 13 cases were detected in seven households, for an attack rate of 6.1% among children and 5.2% of households with confirmed exposure to COVID-19 (Table) . Based on systematic surveillance and screening of children who were household contacts of persons with confirmed COVID-19, the attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was 6.1%. The low attack rate suggests that strict compliance with infection control may be able to eliminate or reduce the risk of transmission from adults to children in household settings. cache = ./cache/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028557-68jypaaw author = Joshi, Jaiteerth R. title = COVSACK: an innovative portable isolated and safe COVID-19 sample collection kiosk with automatic disinfection date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3791 sentences = 186 flesch = 54 summary = The possible reasons for the virus transmission to the healthcare worker could be due to (1) lack of sufficient quantity of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the most infected places; (2) PPE provided not meeting the quality standard requirements; (3) inadequate or unsuitable isolation chambers for testing of suspected patients; and (4) prevailing unhygienic conditions in the facilities where COVID-19 positive patients are treated. The healthcare worker who is standing outside the chamber inserts his hands through the long cuff gloves and collects the sample from either nose or throat of COVID-19 patient. At the deployed hospital, the first prototype COVSACK unit stands to be highly effective in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 virus to healthcare workers during sample collection from suspected persons, due its in-built features such as air tightness, use of long cuff gloves and automatic disinfectant spraying followed by thorough water flushing after each patient exits the kiosk. cache = ./cache/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029419-b0w9nomq author = Matthews, Adam title = Review of Mark Honigsbaum (2020). The Pandemic Century—A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19: Cambridge, MA: Penguin. 321 pp. ISBN 9780753558287 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3955 sentences = 186 flesch = 54 summary = Honigsbaum surveys with biological detail the genealogy and history of influenza, the plague, Parrot Fever, Legionnaires Disease, Aids, SARS, Ebola, Zika and Covid-19. Honigsbaum describes ecological disruption amplifying the mutation and spread of a virus which had existed in its natural environment for centuries. From a postdigital perspective, the ten cases detailed by Honigsbaum in The Pandemic Century (2020) show how digital and wider technologies are not separate from the natural and social world. The questions then, which The Pandemic Century (Honigsbaum 2020) illustrates is whether to take a posthuman perspective and pull back from technological and human development and reduce ecological disruption and work with the natural environment as equals or to push on unabated with technological developments to go beyond what has been done already to 'fix' ourselves and the planet, including new viral outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028163-ay37zzj5 author = Hussain, Yaseen title = COVID-19 in five neighbouring limited resources countries: A financial and health threats date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 692 sentences = 53 flesch = 66 summary = title: COVID-19 in five neighbouring limited resources countries: A financial and health threats In the near future, the total number of confirmed cases is expected to increase significantly in 16 limited resources or developing countries. The COVID-19 was 20 found as a mounting threat to the economy of the entire world, including the neighbouring 21 developing countries of China i.e. Pakistan, India, Iran, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. According to a report on the Afghanistan economy, the economic growth rate is expected to 100 collapse further by 10% in the coming future. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be more threatening to Afghanistan due to its 102 weak economy and poor health care system. Developing countries face economic collapse in COVID-19 fight Forecasting the Economic Impact of Coronavirus on Developing 155 Countries: Case of Pakistan Trade in the time of COVID-19: The economic impact of coronavirus 166 on India and beyond cache = ./cache/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028529-d1g33f1c author = Agrifoglio, Alexander title = COVID-19 and fungal co-infections: we must keep them in mind date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 538 sentences = 39 flesch = 48 summary = In recent months and following this same line of research, other articles have been published that refer to fungal co-infections developed in critically ill patients COVID-19. How the authors describe, there seems to be an association between COVID-19 and the presence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which, of course, will require more research to support these preliminary results. With the data discussed above, we decided to perform a retrospective analysis from February 28th to June 28th of critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 viral pneumonia admitted to our ICU and the association with fungal infections. Therefore, these findings logically need to be confirmed in future clinical trials and to determine the potential role of invasive candidiasis in patients with COVID-19 but according with the data that we currently have and to our series of patients, we share with the authors same recommendations and goals such as epidemiological vigilance, optimizing early diagnosis and the introduction of treatment protocols. cache = ./cache/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028285-n4dommet author = Weilongorska, Natasha L. title = COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9755 sentences = 619 flesch = 46 summary = With there being a short interval from the time of the first COVID-19 case presentation, to the development of a global pandemic, validated management algorithms to support changes in operative strategies are lacking. The key components of NHS preoperative patient screening for COVID-19 are: structured questionnaires with temperature monitoring, viral real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, and chest imaging. Full PPE (fluid resistant gown, double gloving, visor or goggles, fit-tested FFP3 mask or respirator, disposable hat, shoe covers) should be worn in the operating rooms for any suspected or positive COVID-19 case, for AGP 38 (Table 3) , and for procedures for which the risk is unknown. All surgical cases require a discussion about the patient's COVID-19 status, the degree of aerosol risk for each part of the procedure (induction of anaesthesia, extubation, and for all operative phases), with PPE requirement stated for each stage. cache = ./cache/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028605-ehercdou author = Merchan, Cristian title = COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4362 sentences = 187 flesch = 32 summary = PURPOSE: To describe our medical center's pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. Our pharmacy residents' training was redesigned to enable them to assist with both clinical and operational needs, including rounding in newly established units designated as "COVID-ICUs," participating in medical code responses, and assisting with operational needs such as sterile compounding, hand deliveries, and other tasks. cache = ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028552-w4yluham author = Maurya, Deepak title = Development of Autonomous Advanced Disinfection Tunnel to Tackle External Surface Disinfection of COVID-19 Virus in Public Places date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2363 sentences = 147 flesch = 58 summary = title: Development of Autonomous Advanced Disinfection Tunnel to Tackle External Surface Disinfection of COVID-19 Virus in Public Places This paper describes a robust autonomous disinfection tunnel to disinfect external surfaces of COVID-19 virus such as clothes and open body sections in public places such as airports, office complexes, schools, and malls. The first chamber automatically detects a person and delivers a disinfectant solution through the spray nozzle array, which could be a sodium hypochlorite solution of a concentration approved by authorities, a herbal disinfectant, or any other solution suggested by health agencies such as the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) or World Health Organisation (WHO). This paper discusses the design and development of a fully automatic, modular, and portable tunnel that has two chambers and uses three processes to disinfect people with high neutralizing efficiency of the COVID-19 virus. cache = ./cache/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028321-um448esn author = Pollock, Kim title = Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 372 sentences = 30 flesch = 64 summary = On May 8, 2020, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) formally released an Interim Final Rule 1 that provided more changes to telemedicine coding, billing and reimbursement. The purpose of this Letter to the Editor is to highlight significant updates to our previously published article "Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary" due to new guidance from CMS. Medicare will not deny claims due to the presence of this condition code or modifier for services/items not related to a COVID-19 waiver. As of 4/30/20, CMS is cross-walking the values for telephone CPT codes to higher valued established patient visits codes as shown in the Medicare now considers the telephone call codes to be a telehealth service 1, 3, 4 ; therefore, modifier 95 should be appended to the 99441-99443 codes. Summary of Policies in the Calendar Year (CY) 2020 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS) Public Health Emergency (PHE) Interim Final Rules cache = ./cache/cord-028321-um448esn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028321-um448esn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028300-u8hogdyf author = Koop, Royce title = Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected MPs’ Representational Activities? date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1916 sentences = 112 flesch = 54 summary = The pandemic has affected MPs' daily work through increased constituent demands for service in an abruptly changed operating environment. MPs report increased volume of constituent inquiries and requests, a changed nature in these demands as constituents mostly seek assistance and information related to COVID-19, and significant implications of a remote workstyle for MPs' daily activities and those of their staff. Most importantly, the pandemic resulted in an increased emphasis on constituents' requests for service from MPs, which limited the diversity of representational practices normally found among MPs. While some MPs already prioritize service connections, this became the case during the pandemic for all MPs we interviewed, supplanting other types of connections. MP Churence Rogers, for example, suggests "… there's a lot of things about this COVID pandemic that will maybe change the way that I do the job in the future." He expands, "… We also heard from some MPs that they are developing new representational connections with various local populations. cache = ./cache/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028566-avl980hg author = Palko, Hannah Catherine title = In fighting common threats, people’s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China’s COVID-19 battle and her other combats date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4523 sentences = 260 flesch = 61 summary = title: In fighting common threats, people's deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China's COVID-19 battle and her other combats Achieving China's exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. It is noteworthy that the high praise the Joint Mission team issued for the Chinese people's deep commitment to collective action resonates an admiring remark the US President Donald Trump made 9 days before the team's visit to China. In fighting common threats to their survival and well-being, Chinese people's deep commitment to taking collective action, in the forms of solidarity, participation, discipline, and readiness for self-sacrifice, as showcased briefly in this article, is simply a natural outgrowth, a manifestation, of a strong cultural belief in collectivism they hold for thousands of years. cache = ./cache/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author = Li, Jingwei title = The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7841 sentences = 499 flesch = 48 summary = According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, only a suspected case has one of the pieces of evidence of etiology or serology, such as positive nucleic acid, confirmation of gene sequencing, and virus specific antibody, to be confirmed to be COVID-19 patient, 55 and the suspected cases were identified by a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological history and clinical manifestations. 64 There have been tens of clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficiency of chloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, and its mechanism can be described as interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 or alkalizing the phagolysosome to inhibit viral replication, 65, 66 which prevents the SARS-Cov-2 entering the host cells. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029226-eagbwk7j author = Williamson, Brian title = Beyond COVID‐19 lockdown: A Coasean approach with optionality date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2592 sentences = 117 flesch = 52 summary = While younger people are at greatly reduced risk from COVID-19, they are on the other hand likely to suffer some of the more severe impacts in terms of forgone education, employment, and social and longer-term opportunities from measures to increase physical distancing. The combination of low health risk for younger people from COVID-19 with disproportionately high economic and social costs from the current policy response suggests that a more targeted policy response is desirable. In this article, building on a blog post where the idea was first suggested (Williamson & Wilson, 2020) , what is proposed is a Coasean social contract that recognises the reciprocal nature of the problem of mitigating the risk of harm to health, welfare, and the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed approach could substantially reduce the economic and social cost of the COVID-19 policy response while limiting mortality and the risk of overloading the health-care system. cache = ./cache/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029568-0xyz5z5b author = Gogia, Spriha title = Covid-19 X-Curves: Illness Hidden, Illness Deferred date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1022 sentences = 59 flesch = 51 summary = Patterns of ICU utilization in New York City's public hospital system suggest some patients who would have presented with another condition, like a heart attack, are presenting with a coronavirus diagnosis (illness hidden), while other patients may be suffering, and possibly dying, at home (illness deferred) based on contagion-related fears. We examined daily patient census in adult and surge-specific ICUs (ad hoc spaces created to expand critical care capability as traditional ICUs reached maximum capacity) across our facilities and departments by Covid-19 status from February 15 to April 15, 2020. Hospitalizations due to Covid-19 are now declining in New York City, but admissions and ICU utilization for other conditions has not yet returned to baseline levels. cache = ./cache/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029106-gkck1u4y author = Ma, Lina title = COVID-19 Prevention: Use of Self-Reported Tools to Screen Frail Older Adults date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 239 sentences = 25 flesch = 71 summary = key: cord-029106-gkck1u4y title: COVID-19 Prevention: Use of Self-Reported Tools to Screen Frail Older Adults cord_uid: gkck1u4y frailty tools to predict worse outcomes in both community and emergency settings (5, 6) , should be used to identify frailty among older adults. The mortality of COVID-19 is also correlated with its health-care burden. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of death due to this disease, e.g., early detection of frail older adults at risk of COVID-19. These measures are essential for protecting the frail older adults and mitigating the severity of patient outcomes. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease Frailty in elderly people A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans Novel frailty screening questionnaire (FSQ) predicts 8-year mortality in older adults in China cache = ./cache/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028972-1athnjkh author = Etemad, Hamid title = Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9177 sentences = 303 flesch = 31 summary = The rapidly emerging evidence suggests that the capable, far-sighted, and innovative enterprises perceived the slow-downs, or stoppages in some cases, as an opportunity for starting, or increasing, their alternative ways of sustaining activities, including on-line and remote activities and involvements, in order to compensate for the shrinkage in their pre-COVID demands, while the short-sighted or severely resource-constrained SMEs faced the difficult decision of closure in favor of "survival or self-preservation" strategy, thus losing expansion opportunities. In short, a small firm's potential exposure to cross-sectional and longitudinal risks and uncertainties is also likely to depend on information on a combination of influential factors, some of which are discussed above; prominent 9 Similar arguments apply to national preparedness and national security over time to shield individual and corporate citizens from bearing short-term or long-term high costs-the national costs per capita may pale relative to the immeasurable costs of human mortalities paid by the deceased people and their families, the massive unemployment, or high costs related to shortages in major crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028034-pjotppso author = Kang, Jian‐Sheng title = Vitamin intervention for cytokine storm in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1485 sentences = 99 flesch = 51 summary = The clinical features of 138 patients with COVID-19 revealed that the number of lymphocytes decreased, the number of monocytes unchanged, and the number of neutrophil significantly increased, which might account for the cytokine storm. 7 Together, the simultaneous administration of sufficient Vc and Vd might ameliorate the neutrophil-related cytokine storm in the patients with COVID-19, especially those under ICU (Figure 1 ). Neutrophil-related cytokine storm was reported to be associated with the severity and death of patients with COVID-19. Vitamin C could decrease the number of neutrophils, escort the apoptotic process, and avoid inflammatory necrosis following the activation of neutrophil dietary intakes of ∼100 mg/day, 5 it is important to use safe dose for the intervention of neutrophil-related cytokine storm and avoid slowing the clearance of viruses by immune response. The role of vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients and associated mortality cache = ./cache/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029172-fctcfoak author = Romano, John L. title = Politics of Prevention: Reflections From the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8401 sentences = 408 flesch = 38 summary = Two theoretical perspectives that may help to inform effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures, Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, are summarized. Studies of COVID-19 preventive interventions offer rich potential to prevention scientists, researching topics such as effectiveness of recommended behaviors, compliance across different demographic groups, and effectiveness of varying media messages. Systemic prevention interventions that enhance personal, social, and physical well-being across institutions, communities, and larger entities, such as cities, states, or countries, have been advocated across many different problem areas (American Psychological Association [APA], 2014). Interestingly, APA has a very active advocacy initiative within its structure, reporting regularly to the membership about its work with policy makers on topics such as promoting social justice and human rights, reducing health disparities, addressing violence prevention, and encouraging members to do likewise. In a school-based example, some parents will accept and deem important prevention programs that teach sex education to develop healthy sexual behavior, reduce teen pregnancy, and promote respect and acceptance of different sexual identities. cache = ./cache/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author = Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title = Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4601 sentences = 268 flesch = 56 summary = This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. This app coupled with WorldPop analyses aided in the mapping of mobility patterns and tracking of infected cases or pandemics, hence, giving credence to how powerful spatial analysis methods are in modeling the spread of disease, pattern detection, delineating and hotspots and determination of possible future occurrences (Gardner 2020) . Comparing population distribution and COVID-19 cases (Fig. 5) , there is seemingly a link in infection trends and the regional level of Ghana's population distribution.. The modeling was based on mobility dynamics, current COVID-19 cases, population dynamics, and the rate of SARS-CoV2 infection in Ghana. cache = ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029332-yn603pvb author = nan title = Full Issue PDF date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11306 sentences = 633 flesch = 41 summary = Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3); transient atrioventricular block in the absence of myocarditis (4); sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation (5) ; and finally a provocative report on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . In addition to cases of direct myocardial injury, some with pathological evidence, we also present 2 cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (16, 17) Two cases highlight the special circumstances faced by patients with left ventricular assist devices (18, 19) , which include the inability to tolerate prone positioning to augment respiratory support because of the mechanical equipment and the hypothesis that mechanical circulatory support may provide a type of protection against the most serious hemodynamic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029606-2z1tw4xo author = John, Janice title = Developing an Intensive Community Covid-19 Management Strategy: Helping Our Patients Access Patient-Centered Care across a Continuum of Covid-19 Disease Needs date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3161 sentences = 165 flesch = 49 summary = An intensive community management strategy, including outreach to high-risk patients, dedicated telephone triage, and a respiratory clinic, can reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes for Covid-19. Our model spans the continuum of care and includes six key components: high-risk outreach, telephonic primary care, a phone triage system, a community management group, a respiratory clinic, and integrated emergency room/hospital care ( Figure 1 ). The triage center is a dedicated group of nurses supported by onsite physicians who (1) determine whether patients' symptoms are clinically consistent with Covid-19 using a symptom checklist, (2) risk-stratify patients for severe disease complications using risk stratification criteria (Table 1) (3) determine whether patients meet criteria for testing, (4) conduct robust education (about 10-15 min) on home care with attention to self-isolation and selfquarantine and (5) evaluate patients for symptoms requiring urgent in-person assessment at the respiratory clinic based on identification of potential pulmonary involvement. cache = ./cache/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029906-vfkqmri7 author = Kirigia, Joses Muthuri title = The monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Turkey date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2617 sentences = 154 flesch = 55 summary = Monetary valuation of human life is useful in quantifying the size of disease burden in dollar terms 13 , building a justification for intervention programmes and research 13 and advocacy for increased investments 14 to bridge gaps in IHR capacities, UHC, and safely managed water and sanitation services. This study replicates the human capital approach (HCA) methodology proposed by Weisbrod in 1961 18 The monetary value for human life losses accruing to each k th age group (MVHL k=1,.,9 ) is the sum of the product of discount factor, years of life lost, net GDP per capita, and the number of COVID-19 deaths in an age group 15 . Analysis assuming Turkey's mean life expectancy of 78.45 years and a 3% discount rate As depicted in Table 2 The total monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 was equivalent to 0.045% of the total GDP for Turkey. cache = ./cache/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029609-zh2ah34g author = Hamilton, Barbara C.S. title = Developing Perioperative Covid-19 Testing Protocols to Restore Surgical Services date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3160 sentences = 127 flesch = 40 summary = As we aimed to restore nonurgent but essential surgical care at UCSF to address the accumulating surgical needs of our community, we aimed to prioritize both patient and provider safety by developing an asymptomatic surgical patient testing guideline to identify subclinical Covid-19infected patients. Early in the pandemic, it was recognized by the departments of surgery and anesthesia that guidelines were needed to include universal preoperative testing as a part of the plan to resume essential surgical care at UCSF, and a team was formed. As Covid-19 pathways and patterns of care are being developed seemingly by the hour and day, our existing systems are vulnerable, because frontline providers are unfamiliar with new guidelines, leading to confusion and miscommunication." " Three phases were planned in a structured manner and in coordination with the intention of the Governor of California to ease restrictions on essential surgical procedures near the end of April following the peak of the virus in California. cache = ./cache/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029813-o2uzcuai author = Rusconi, Stefano title = COVID-19: studying the global pandemic – foreword date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2723 sentences = 131 flesch = 43 summary = This special issue of Future Virology contains nine articles on diverse aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2. The topics range from basic virology on coronavirus evolution and replication to identification of repurposed therapeutics for clinical testing to public health issues including the conundrums of asymptomatic viral transmission and risks to homeless populations. The Commentary by Parvez [1] briefly reviews the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in fecal samples, including its persistence, and the finding of gastrointestinal complaints in a minority of hospitalized patients. While it is clear that this phytochemical has multiple pharmacological activities, as reviewed previously [10] , this in silico report does not provide biologic data on rutin's possible effects in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Detection of relatively high SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in upper respiratory tract samples has been reported in both presymptomatic (late incubation period) and truly asymptomatic infected persons. Transmission and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029545-fspjpmsr author = nan title = Council of International Neonatal Nurses (COINN) News page date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4971 sentences = 273 flesch = 65 summary = (NNAP, 2019) As such, neonatal units around the world began to close their doors to parents and extended family, in an attempt to protect infants and minimise potential sickness in the number of healthcare professionals available to care for them. Neonatal nurses had to quickly adapt to this situation to provide the best care possible to the families whilst ensuring the safety of all babies on the unit, their colleagues and their own families. Over the next few editions of the JNN, we will present the experiences of neonatal nurses from around the world, and how they have adapted their practices to ensure family centred care remains at the heart of what we do. Working together with other scientific societies and the government of Spain, a document generated is "Management of pregnant women and new-borns with COVID-19" (Gobierno de España -Ministerio de Sanidad, 2020b), a reference document for health professionals associated with perinatal care in our country. cache = ./cache/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028624-dzx62k23 author = Yong, Celina M. title = Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 193 sentences = 28 flesch = 53 summary = key: cord-028624-dzx62k23 title: Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors cord_uid: dzx62k23 The editorial process for the FIT & EC page involves a personal review from each of us, followed by a joint discussion about each submission to provide a collaborative decision and feedback. Complex, higher-risk, and indicated PCI (CHIP) fellowship: putting training into practice Cardiac critical care: training pathways and transition to early career The emergence of sports cardiology as a specialty Surgical training in an era of change and innovation: transition within a transition Call for FITs/ECs to become engaged with social media Preparing fellows for precision cardiology: are we ready? Finding mentorship among your peers: sharing the wealth Mentorship during fellowship Women in cardiology: fellows' perspective Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a disruptive technology in graduate medical education Adapting the educational environment for cardiovascular fellows-in-training during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029466-9sy6icrm author = Ramadan, Ahmad Riad title = Tales of a department: how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed Detroit’s Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology—part I: the surge date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4345 sentences = 205 flesch = 49 summary = In the first 2 weeks, the meetings were focused on ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), the shutting down of all neurology outpatient and most inpatient activities, establishment of virtual care activity and seeking volunteers for redeployment openings listed by Incident Command on the daily leadership calls. In order to expand the number of ICU beds, the larger unit, consisting of 18 beds, became an extension of the medical ICU (MICU) for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 and was staffed by internal medicine (IM) physicians and residents. Neurological checks and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessments were performed using video devices to limit exposure to HCPs. Consensus was reached between the stroke team, neurointerventional team and radiology on an amended policy to manage patients receiving thrombectomy during the pandemic. Several neurology residents were redeployed to provide care for patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit under the supervision of an IM staff. cache = ./cache/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029620-jwpl2jq9 author = Heyworth, Leonie title = Expanding Access through Virtual Care: The VA’s Early Experience with Covid-19 date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 111 flesch = 40 summary = Despite the ready availability of secure email, telephone care, e-consults and video-to-home visits, the use of these virtual care modalities varied across care sites until Covid-19 abruptly spurred widespread utilization. The number of VA clinicians using video-to-home visits increased from 10,542 to 12,880 in primary care, from 8,599 to 11,173 in mental health, and from 2,533 to 5,833 in specialty care. In rapidly operationalizing VA's virtual care strategy, five tactical areas were critical: 1) training and supporting both the workforce and patients 2) expanding the technology infrastructure, including distributing equipment 3) providing consistent messaging to diverse stakeholders 4) ensuring the needs of high-risk patients were met 5) maintaining or expanding, where needed, the capacity to support the private sector. Second, although virtual care was widely accepted by veterans to reduce risk of Covid-19 exposure in health care facilities, acceptance and technology adoption has not been uniform across patients or clinicians. cache = ./cache/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029863-f3bn550o author = Jassi, Amita title = OCD and COVID-19: a new frontier date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5640 sentences = 224 flesch = 44 summary = The authors highlight some of the considerations to take in CBT in light of our current understanding of COVID-19, including therapists and clients taking calculated risks when developing behavioural experiments and exposure tasks, considering viral loading and vulnerability factors. Stringent following of UK government guidelines to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19 to an observer may mimic the presentation of some of the most publicly perceived symptoms of OCD, for example repetitive handwashing/antibacterial gel use, avoidance of potential contaminants, or socially isolating. Uncertainty around whether individuals have COVID-19 or not, about the 'right' level of necessary precaution, receiving inconsistent or even conflicting messages from different institutions, as well as 'the new normal', where even people without OCD are trying to avoid potential contamination in a variety of ways, may make sufferers uncertain about whether they are taking the right approach or whether what they are doing is excessive. cache = ./cache/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030228-mx9ycsvo author = Momaya, Kirankumar S. title = Return from COVID-19: Thinking Differently About Export Competitiveness and Sustainability date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4734 sentences = 276 flesch = 54 summary = The classical method of situation-actor-process—learning-action-performance (SAP-LAP) is adapted for the context of an experimental bottom-up micro-pilot to 'Return from COVID-19'. Paradigms such as industrial organization (IO) and the Porter Diamond (Porter 1990) will remain popular, but may be of limited use to address the survival crisis of competitiveness being faced by a large number of start-ups, micro-, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), ventures and even focal firms (Momaya 2016) . The sustainability dimension of competitiveness is also important, but may need to wait a bit, as return from COVID-19 has become the first priority for most governments, industry associations, firms and even institutes. SAP-LAP is a very useful holistic framework that has been evolving through applications in diverse contexts, including one related to technology management and competitiveness (e.g. Sahoo et al. This section gives a glimpse of extending a popular approach, situation-actors-processes-learning-action-performance (SAP-LAP, Sushil 2001) by applying it to a challenging context of crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029590-95rp9u93 author = Kumar, Pooja title = Reassessing Covid-19 Needs: How Providers Can Reexamine Their Surge Capacity, Supply Availability, Workforce Readiness, and Financial Resiliency date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2155 sentences = 101 flesch = 40 summary = To rapidly increase bed capacity to treat Covid-19-positive patients, providers are (a) cancelling nonurgent procedures through the development of detailed procedural priority levels detailed at service-line levels (e.g., orthopedics, cardiovascular); (b) moving care of non-Covid-19 patients to telemedicine whenever possible; (c) encouraging and supporting Covid-19 patients with mild symptoms to stay home (and leverage remote care); (d) preparing to increase bed capacity for treating patients who need hospitalization by developing tiered surge plans or utilizing recently developed tools8 that guide decision-making with bed capacity thresholds as activation triggers; and (e) preparing to efficiently discharge patients once appropriate as they recover. In addition, to support keeping Covid-19-negative patients uninfected, keeping the workforce healthy, treating sick patients efficiently and effectively, and protecting their financial position/ability to serve patients as much as possible during the peak of this pandemic, providers are making adjustments to their clinical operations (see Appendix). cache = ./cache/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029654-pq2y6eek author = Rubio, José Luis Callejas title = One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic() date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 362 sentences = 24 flesch = 53 summary = title: One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic() recently published in your journal on the coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic 1 . But what can be inferred from its reading, especially by readers who are not involved in the diagnosis, clinical monitoring and treatment of this disease, is that it is a purely an infectious disease, which basically produces a viral condition that can be complicated by a more or less severe pneumonia with respiratory distress, and whose treatment is based on the use of antiviral drugs. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection represents, in our opinion, the paradigm of a systemic disease, with an infectious trigger, in this case, the virus, and an immune response with systemic manifestations, which requires the use of an immunosuppressant treatment. One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029880-mhmvc0kq author = Sy, Charlle title = Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2585 sentences = 136 flesch = 43 summary = title: Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 These models have been integral in providing insights necessary for developing risk management strategies that minimize the transmission of disease outbreaks and other negative impacts, such as shortages in essential resources and economic declines. Araz (2013) proposed an integrated framework joining system dynamics with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) a decision-making tool for the assessment of public health strategies in an influenza outbreak capturing multiple stakeholder preferences. To address this gap, this research is aimed to demonstrate the viability of system dynamics as a framework to understand and develop response strategies for disease pandemics such as COVID-19. The general objective of the study is to develop a system dynamics model of COVID-19 for different scenarios aiming to equip decision-makers with evidence-based judgment in the control of the outbreak. Integrating complex system dynamics of pandemic influenza with a multi-criteria decision making model for evaluating public health strategies cache = ./cache/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030191-tekgcthp author = Suchá, Dominika title = Suboptimal Quality and High Risk of Bias in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies on Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography in the Acute Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5029 sentences = 299 flesch = 47 summary = We performed a systematic review to synthesize the literature on DTA of chest radiography (CXR), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients in hospital setting and evaluated the extent of suboptimal reporting and risk-of-bias. We included papers meeting the following criteria: (1) Adults with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia presenting in a hospital setting, including emergency departments, (2) patients undergoing chest imaging including ultrasound, CXR and/or CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, (3) COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed or ruled out by reference test (i.e. RT-PCR or clinical consensus). Thirteen studies on patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and available diagnostic accuracy data on chest CT and/or CXR performance as index test and RT-PCR or clinical consensus as reference test were included (8, (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) . cache = ./cache/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029672-y2ii6r3u author = Van Assche, Ari title = From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3655 sentences = 164 flesch = 43 summary = The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we introduce the special collection by drawing the attention of JIBP readers to the impact of COVID-19-related policies that strike at the heart of MNEs -the knowledge-intensive intangibles -as their managers rush to cope with local physical distancing measures, non-essential travel restrictions and stringent immigration policies. The combination of COVID-19-related confinement and protectionist measures is effectively a policy mix that affects MNEs by (1) increasing trade costs and (2) amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge (see Figure 1 ). In a third paper, Rajneesh Narula turns to the other side of these global value chains and focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal economy in developing countries. cache = ./cache/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030296-4xthry9c author = Barbieri, Paolo title = What can we learn about reshoring after Covid-19? date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3287 sentences = 154 flesch = 50 summary = In 2016, Operations Management Research published a Special Issue on "Reshoring: A Supply Chain Innovation Perspective" (Barbieri and Stentoft 2016) . It highlights that reshoringmuch more than offshoring, a phenomenon that is largely explained by cost reduction and market-seeking motivationsis indeed triggered by several, and possibly co-existing reasons: for example, while "cost" and "operations" emerge as the main groups of motivations in their study, product quality issue is the single most frequent one. Particularly, on the short-term, we have been able to retrieve examples of companies relocating to Europe either for the disruptions of the Chinese production or for seizing market opportunities triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic. In the long-term, we expect to see two different approaches to reshoring, according to the level at which decision making is processed: single firm or supply chain. cache = ./cache/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029859-fhm0d9t9 author = Yue, Ling title = How psychiatrists coordinate treatment for COVID-19: a retrospective study and experience from China date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2946 sentences = 178 flesch = 42 summary = We collected information including sociodemographic characteristics, whether patients received psychiatric consultation, mental health symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric treatments and severity level of COVID-19. The psychiatric consultation rate was highest in critically ill patients (69.2%), with affective symptoms or disturbed behaviour as their main mental health problems. Psychiatric diagnoses for patients who received consultation included acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety (15.5%), depression (7.1%) and delirium (4.8%). This study is a retrospective General Psychiatry analysis of psychiatric medical records of 329 patients with COVID-19 in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The psychiatric diagnoses for the 84 patients with COVID-19 who used mental health consultation were as follows: acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety state (15.5%), depression state or major depression (7.1%), and delirium (4.8%) (see table 4 ). In this study, 25.5% of patients with COVID-19 received psychiatric consultations, suggesting a high risk of developing mental or psychological diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029967-dnyhn4bt author = Alpert, Joseph S. title = We Will Never Give Up date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 688 sentences = 48 flesch = 76 summary = For the last three and a half months, we have been two of the foot soldiers in the war against the COVID-19. We have not been working directly on the four COVID wards in our university hospital, but have been battling just behind the front lines on our internal medicine and cardiology care unit and inpatient services. Like the English referred to in Churchill's quotation, we will continue to fight on many fronts and will never give up or surrender to the COVID-19 forces currently raging among us. The information and knowledge gained about COVID-19 is being passed on, from country to country, state to state, hospital to hospital, as "health soldiers" are fighting to keep patients safe. Currently, this song represents our expectation of eventual victory over the COVID-19 pandemic. Just like the Nazi Third Reich, the COVID-19 also represent a real and present danger to the life we have all come to enjoy. cache = ./cache/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030138-250u4nxi author = Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron title = Maintaining critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic: hurricane preparations by US energy companies date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3858 sentences = 153 flesch = 29 summary = title: Maintaining critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic: hurricane preparations by US energy companies To do so, the commentary focuses on the steps that one energy organization, the US regional electric transmission operator (RTO) PJM, is taking to ensuring critical infrastructure resilience during the upcoming hurricane season in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers working to maintain critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic can take several lessons from PJM's experience preparing for the hurricane season and use them to enhance resilience. This commentary overviewed how policymakers can maintain critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic by describing the activities that PJM was undertaking to prepare for the upcoming hurricane season. cache = ./cache/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029630-46d1cfy0 author = Nacoti, Mirco title = At the Epicenter of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Humanitarian Crises in Italy: Changing Perspectives on Preparation and Mitigation date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 905 sentences = 58 flesch = 52 summary = In a Bergamo hospital deeply strained by the Covid-19 pandemic, exhausted clinicians reflect on how to prepare for the next outbreak. Fully 70% of ICU beds in our hospital are reserved for critically ill Covid-19 patients with a reasonable chance to survive. What we are painfully learning is that we need experts in public health and epidemics, yet this has not been the focus of decision makers at the national, regional, and hospital levels. This approach would limit hospitalization to a focused target of disease severity, thereby decreasing contagion, protecting patients and health care workers, and minimizing consumption of protective equipment. We need dedicated Covid-19 hospital pavilions and operators, separated from virus-free areas. This outbreak is more than an intensive care phenomenon, rather it is a public health and humanitarian crisis.3 It requires social scientists, epidemiologists, experts in logistics, psychologists, and social workers. cache = ./cache/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030556-usyvz5fj author = Dave, M. title = Open-book examinations date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 734 sentences = 44 flesch = 42 summary = https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2006-8 themselves have often had little knowledge about the importance of optimising their dental health as part of their medical condition and some have not accessed dental care for many years. Sir, as a specialist registrar in training in special care dentistry I have been working in an urgent dental care (UDC) hub providing care for shielded, vulnerable and COVID positive patients in a rural county. Traditionally, closed book examinations such as multiple-choice questions, where learners are not permitted to have any supportive material with them, are the preferred format for UK dental courses. 1 In open-book examinations, learners have access to supportive material such as revision notes, books and online resources thereby testing the application of knowledge rather than its recall. With such an hypothesis in mind, it is recommended to postpone dental treatment of a recently recovered COVID-19 patient who still suffers from these persistent symptoms until complete resolution. Influence of open-and closed-book tests on medical students' learning approaches cache = ./cache/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author = Mjåset, Christer title = On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1851 sentences = 130 flesch = 63 summary = An emergency unit of leading health care officials was formed, and a clear strategy was developed to flatten the curve of newly infected individuals to prevent overwhelming the health care services and to reduce mortality rates.13 , 14 Based on reports from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, an early and important measure turned out to be the early and aggressive testing regime.15 It included testing of all people in confirmed contact with confirmed Covid-19 cases, people who recently had been traveling in outbreak areas, such as Italy and China, and screening of people with current airway infections.16 " The information gathered from the test data directly led to the decision on March 12, 2020, to close schools and quarantine everyone entering the country for 14 days, as it was becoming obvious that the virus was spreading freely in communities.17 , 18 As of April 12, Norway had tested 23.21 people per 1,000 population for Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030254-eevqclsy author = Mehta, Chitra title = Management of Coronavirus 2019 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4032 sentences = 287 flesch = 56 summary = A suspected case has been defined as a patient with acute onset respiratory infection with fever, cough, sore throat, and an epidemiological link in the form of a history of travel 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms to countries afflicted with COVID-19, or a close contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19 14 days prior to symptom onset, or some acute respiratory infection requiring hospitalization with no other etiology fully explaining the clinical presentation, as per WHO guidelines. • In patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring supplemental oxygen, lopinavir/ritonavir combination plus hydroxychloroquine plus favipiravir 1,600 mg (eight tablets) twice daily as a loading dose followed by 600 mg (three tablets) every 8 hours for 14 days is being used. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 disease is suspected. cache = ./cache/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030197-ohz1i5uh author = Tosato, Matteo title = “Say Ninetynine”: It’s Never Too Late to Recover from COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 960 sentences = 72 flesch = 50 summary = COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, showed higher severity and lethality in male older adults. Here we present the case of a 98-years old man admitted to our COVID-Hospital with acute respiratory failure. Patient was administered intravenous monoclonal antibodies, and he showed remarkable clinical improvement. Comprehensive, multisciplinary, multidomain approaches are needed to develop patient-tailored treatments against COVID-19. Hereby we report a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in an old man admitted to our COVID-hospital in Rome, Italy. Several studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against the interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab and sarilumab) in mitigating the cytokine cascade and improving the clinical course of the disease. In our case, a 98-years old patient optimally responded to off-label sarilumab with marked improvement in clinical conditions and no adverse reactions reported. Comprehensive, multisciplinary, multidomain approaches assessing, among others, comorbidity burden and frailty status, are needed to develop patient-tailored treatments against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030600-0o7xafqz author = Fonseka, T title = The effects of COVID-19 on training within urology: Lessons learned in virtual learning, human factors, non-technical skills and reflective practice date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3779 sentences = 217 flesch = 49 summary = The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, operating in the challenging environment of COVID-19 has also highlighted the impact of human factors (HF) and non-technical skills training, especially in reducing medical error. With the large-scale changes to operative and clinical practice, one may argue that managing patients within the COVID-19 pandemic can also present new and unforeseen training opportunities; for example, the ability to learn skills in crisis management, healthcare management and leadership skills. 5 Core surgical trainees will undoubtedly experience difficulties in gaining exposure to emergency and elective urology over the next few months due to reduced clinical activity and the redeployment of many to staff wards occupied mostly by patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030956-wire1g2n author = Kolta, Marian Fayek title = COVID-19 variant radiological findings with high lightening other coronavirus family (SARS and MERS) findings: radiological impact and findings spectrum of corona virus (COVID-19) with comparison to SARS and MERS date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2633 sentences = 136 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: Chest CT is remarkably considered as an imminent diagnostic tool and follow-up study in pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients; being familiar to other coronavirus family CT findings, this improve our diagnostic experience and hence enhance our ability to early diagnose and combat the outbreak of COVID-19. Radiological examinations are vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course, as most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns [1] . This cross section study included 50 patients (43 males, 7 females) with age range from 32 to 75 years (mean age of 47.2 years) confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, referred for multislice CT (MSCT) assessment of the chest ( Table 1) . Variety of imaging features seen while studying MSCT of chest of COVID-19 patients shows great similarity to that described in other coronavirus-associated syndromes. cache = ./cache/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030382-pqf899k7 author = Smith, Shaun title = The Heroes and Heroines: Supporting the Front Line in New York City During Covid-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2933 sentences = 154 flesch = 52 summary = Our overarching goals were to keep employees informed about the latest developments of this evolving crisis and to protect their physical and mental health to the best of our ability.3 , 4 To address employee needs in a time of social distancing and widespread closures, we expanded, adapted, or added multiple services.5 ( Figure 2 ) To the extent possible the offerings were virtual. The rapid pace of Covid-19 required comprehensive communications early and often to manage the continual developments and evolving employee policy and service changes. As the pandemic continued, we offered employee financial assistance for those experiencing hardships and as a sign of gratitude.15 Frontline staff received one bonus pay in mid-April, with a second in early May. Additionally, we established a Covid Support Care Fund for financial hardship to provide up to $5,000 for employees in need. cache = ./cache/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030378-f9hf9plf author = Madsen, Tracy E. title = Unique Risks and Solutions for Equitable Advancement during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Early Experience from Frontline Physicians in Academic Medicine date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 145 flesch = 42 summary = In addition, there are known issues with respirator and personal protective equipment (PPE) fit for women, which further increases the risk of infection.6 As we can only speculate regarding potential gender differences in either individual-or population-level infection rates for frontline physicians, future reports of Covid-19 infections and deaths among health care workers should be reported by job title (i.e., physicians, nurses, technicians), gender, race, and ethnicity. Despite new challenges in both the home and work environment, the role of academic physicians and their responsibilities in research, administration, and education remain, and the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the creation of countless new opportunities to contribute to the advancement of science and education. Whether one is caring for young children, aging parents, or partners, the combination of increasing clinical challenges with new caregiving responsibilities is creating major barriers for continued academic productivity including " reduced work hours and frequent interruptions. cache = ./cache/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029631-hdqzjdz3 author = Parodi, Stephen title = Kaiser Permanente’s System Capabilities to Suppress Covid-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2375 sentences = 127 flesch = 38 summary = Kaiser Permanente is developing eight capabilities aimed at suppressing the novel coronavirus that include robust testing, telehealth, contact tracing, partnerships with advocacy groups, planning for future surges, risk modeling to prioritize deferred care, and clinical research. Without aggressive disease mitigation strategies like social distancing and shelter-in-place orders, surges in Covid-19 infection can rapidly overwhelm health care capacity and exacerbate death rates.5 -10 However, with aggressive mitigation strategies in place, radical changes to social and economic activity can have profound consequences on a community's ability to meet its citizens' basic needs. 22 Breaking the chain of household " transmission, which may be providing a critical pathway for disease spread, will also be essential.23 Guided by our experiences with highly successful population management programs, Kaiser Permanente will work to ensure that infection-prevention practices, early identification of contacts, and testing of additional patients are carried out, whether the setting is a skilled nursing facility, a residential care facility, or a personal home. cache = ./cache/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030578-8c77d59p author = Combs, Joshua C. title = SARS CoV-2: a review of current treatment regimens date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 625 sentences = 31 flesch = 31 summary = While supportive treatment remains the standard of care, additional therapeutic regimens including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, immunoenhancers, vitamins, systemic steroids, inhalants, anticoagulants, and convalescent plasma are showing promise. While supportive treatment remains the standard of care, additional therapeutic regimens are showing promise. Categorically, current treatment options can be broken into the following: antiviral, monoclonal antibody, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunoenhancer, vitamin, systemic steroid, inhalant, anticoagulant, and convalescent plasma [2, 3] . Monoclonal antibodies such as Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, and Bevacizumab have shown promise in reduction of disease severity by limiting interleukin-6 production, thereby lessening the cytokine storm and associated acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in severe COVID-19 cases [3] . Systemic steroids and inhalant treatments such as nitric oxide are not recommended for individual treatment of COVID-19 but may be effective as supportive therapy in those with severe viral-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030192-ebsh62ll author = Winant, Abbey J. title = Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 248 flesch = 38 summary = 12 Furthermore, emerging new evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents is associated with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, frequently requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The United States CDC has presented the following case definition for a diagnosis of MIS-C associated with COVID-19, with pediatric patients required to meet all three of the following criteria: (1.) Individual under 21 years of age presenting with fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (≥2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurologic); (2.) No alternative plausible diagnosis; (3.) Positive current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, serology, or I n p r e s s antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within four weeks prior to symptom onset. cache = ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029865-zl0romvl author = Bowe, Emily title = Learning from lines: Critical COVID data visualizations and the quarantine quotidian date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4108 sentences = 283 flesch = 54 summary = In response to the ubiquitous graphs and maps of COVID-19, artists, designers, data scientists, and public health officials are teaming up to create counter-plots and subaltern maps of the pandemic. Together, the official maps and counter-plots acknowledge that the pandemic plays out differently across different scales: COVID-19 is about global supply chains and infection counts and TV ratings for presidential press conferences, but it is also about local dynamics and neighborhood mutual aid networks and personal geographies of mitigation and care. The widespread availability of consumer-friendly mapping platforms and open data repositories has equipped cartographers and information designers to plot their own charts and graphs-some of which then circulate on social media or appear on slide shows at official public health briefings (Bazzaz, 2020; Mattern, 2020a; "Triplet Kids," 2020) . Available at: www.medium.com/nightingale/covid-19-data-literacy-isfor-everyone-46120b58cec9 Available at: www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Thousands-h it-hard-by-coronavirus-pandemic-s-15189948 cache = ./cache/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030992-ed0h045d author = Akhtar, Saeed title = Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6841 sentences = 352 flesch = 36 summary = Deficiencies of micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B complex, C, and D, zinc, iron, and selenium, are common among vulnerable populations in general and among COVID-19 patients in particular and could plausibly increase the risk of mortality. Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and E and many trace elements, such as iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, and copper, have been shown to elicit immune-boosting properties, [14] [15] [16] and thus deficiencies of these micronutrients could be detrimental to immune function in viral infections. 73, 74 Zhang and Liu 12 suggested supplementation with vitamin C to reduce the incidence of severe lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, and as a treatment option for COVID-19. In light of these findings on the role of PUFA derivatives in mediating immune function, omega-3 PUFA metabolites like protectin D1 may be useful as supportive dietary therapy for prevention and treatment of flu-like viral infections, including COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author = Overby, Madison title = Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1456 sentences = 76 flesch = 53 summary = The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. As a result of early widespread testing and an extremely fast social distancing response put in place by the government in Korea, the basic reproductive rate was able to be kept to less than half of the international average. Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China cache = ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029885-vawqjfij author = Piccini, Jonathan P. title = EP News: Quality Improvement and Outcomes date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 629 sentences = 39 flesch = 47 summary = The current issue focuses on quality improvement surrounding the challenges created for heart rhythm care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. PMID: 32330546) 3 conducted a single-center study evaluating the safety and feasibility of utilizing mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry for heart rhythm and QT monitoring in 117 patients with COVID-19 who were receiving hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and were hospitalized on non-telemetry floors. The authors conclude that while mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry has not been approved for QTc monitoring for patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, QRS duration >160 msec, or T-wave <5% of the peak QRS amplitude, their single-center study suggests that innovative management of QTc monitoring is possible under the resource-constrained conditions of a pandemic. Inpatient Use of Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors for COVID-19 Patients Treated With Hydroxychloroquine and/or Azithromycin cache = ./cache/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030730-ciatihn0 author = Ahuja, Sakshi title = Deep transfer learning-based automated detection of COVID-19 from lung CT scan slices date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5399 sentences = 308 flesch = 52 summary = In Phase 3, abnormality in chest CT-scan images of COVID-19 positive cases is localized using the feature map and activation layers of best performing pre-trained transfer learning model. The contribution of the proposed work can be summarized as i) the proposed methodology with the novel data augmentation on the limited dataset is used to classify the CT scan data into binary classes, i.e., COVID-19 and non-COVID, ii) The performance of four pre-trained transfer learning models are compared to address the issue of COVID-19 detection through CT scan with the limited dataset, iii) Further, the feature maps of the deeper layer (pooling layer) of the best performing transfer learning model are used to investigate the abnormality in COVID-19 positive patients. Deep learning-based model (composed of three components: a) backbone network, b) classification head, and c) anomaly detection head [30] X-ray 100 chest images of COVID-19 positive cases [18] and 1431 images of pneumonia [31] The sensitivity of 96.00% and specificity of 70.65% is achieved. cache = ./cache/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author = nan title = Dear Editor, date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 994 sentences = 56 flesch = 51 summary = authors: nan Despite the observation that elderly subjects are more susceptible to severe illness, probably due to underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases, 1,2 literature concerning geriatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia remained very scant. We included in this analysis 118 consecutive patients; data on clinical and demographic characteristics, blood test results and COVID-19-related treatments were collected. Elderly patients have higher levels of inflammatory blood tests at the time of admission in the emergency department; in particular, elevated d-dimer levels was an independent predictor of mortality, confirming the close correlation between this parameter and the severity of COVID-19 disease. In conclusion, our study confirms that the majority of elderly subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia have an unfavorable outcome, especially in the very first days after admission. Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031035-yixlsymd author = Poom, Age title = COVID-19 is spatial: Ensuring that mobile Big Data is used for social good date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3920 sentences = 209 flesch = 47 summary = Examples include, e.g., analysis on population mobility and commuting (Ahas et al., 2015; J€ arv et al., 2012) , detecting functional economic regions (Novak et al., 2013; OECD, 2020) , the provision and accessibility to state services (J€ arv et al., 2018) , identifying migration flows (Kamenjuk et al., 2017) and cross-border mobility (Silm et al., 2020a) , analyzing (in)equity between population groups and spatial segregation (Mooses et al., 2016; Shelton et al., 2015; Silm et al., 2018) , supporting transport solutions (Positium, 2019) and environmental management (Heikinheimo et al., 2020; Poom et al., 2017) , characterizing tourist behavior (Campagna et al., 2015; Raun et al., 2016; Saluveer et al., 2020) , or reflecting the lived experiences of people in case of disruptions (Shelton et al., 2014) . While much of the data in statistical offices are transparent, accessible and stable, they are less useful for studying the mobility and activity spaces of people especially in fastchanging phenomenon like the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030565-jwqod8q5 author = Ali, Rasha Mostafa Mohamed title = Radiological findings spectrum of asymptomatic coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2315 sentences = 133 flesch = 53 summary = This cross-sectional study included 44 asymptomatic patients (16 males, 28 females) with an age range from 8 to 66 years (mean age of 35.7 years), who were not yet diagnosed as asymptomatic corona patients; then, after imaging, they were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR test, they were referred for MSCT assessment of the chest for different causes ( Table 1) . This cross-sectional study included 44 asymptomatic patients (16 males, 28 females) with age ranging from 8 to 66 years (mean age of 35.7 years), after imaging, they were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR test, they were referred for MSCT assessment of the chest for different causes. The ground-glass and consolidative opacities were peripheral in most patients (34, 77.3%), while 3 patients(6.81%) showed peri-hilar distribution and 7 patients (15.9%) showed peripheral with perihilar involvement which is highly matching results of the study" CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia" done by Ming Fig. 1 An 18-year-old male patient with no chest symptoms gave a history of close contact to positive COVID-19 patient. cache = ./cache/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030771-0x0d56fb author = Sorenson, Corinna title = Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 141 flesch = 48 summary = The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. The coming months offer a unique and critical window for providers and health systems, and the stakeholders who support and interact with them, to take short-and long-term steps to reduce waste and build a better system that prioritizes high-quality, high-value care. • Code sets or specifications to measure a range of low-value care services in Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial claims data Leveraging alternative care pathways and care sites, such as telehealth, home-based care, and community-based care, can also help keep patients out of the ED and provide alternatives to lowvalue and wasteful care. Policymakers should create opportunities for providers, health systems, and payers to pilot innovative models that reduce low-value care and reflect the new Covid-19 reality, integrating telehealth and a wider range of health care professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031023-njs5d635 author = Fadulelmola, Ahmed title = The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fractures 30-day mortality date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2162 sentences = 119 flesch = 51 summary = COVID-19 testing and chest x-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures, helps in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allows counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis. The hip fractures 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection was assessed, but due to the small sample size, the analysis was limited to descriptive statistics to avoid Type I error. This study presents the first evidence of high (50%) 30-day mortality in fragility hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection. However, our study reported a clinically important difference in the 30-day mortality between COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative hip fractures patients. We have postulated a ''third hit'' theory, however, further research will be needed to assess the immune response before and after surgery in hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection. On the basis of our study, hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030051-kzkpu94o author = O’Brien, Michelle Mary Clare title = Opportunistic Diagnosis of Extensive Pulmonary Embolus Following “COVID-19 Blood Battery” in Very Frail Older Patients date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2512 sentences = 150 flesch = 51 summary = In the absence of clinical improvement following treatment of other conditions in frail older patients, D-dimer testing could be indicated with pursuit of specific diagnostic evaluation for venous thromboembolism when significantly elevated. COVID-19 was not detected, and they were subsequently transferred to an acute geriatric ward specifically designated to manage older patients (>75 years) with negative nasopharyngeal swab results. What are the implications of the diagnosis of an extensive PE causing right heart strain in these very frail older patients, mainly arising from a markedly elevated D-dimer level identified as part of an agreed battery of tests performed on all COVID-19 infection suspects in our institution? Secondly, these may indeed be true negative swab results and in the absence of clinical improvement following treatment of other conditions in very frail older patients without COVID-19 infection, D-dimer testing may be appropriate and subsequent specific testing for VTE if elevated significantly. cache = ./cache/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031061-48xwfr9i author = Abdullah, Abdullah title = Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2530 sentences = 153 flesch = 43 summary = title: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 The convalescent sera of the recovered COVID-19 patients are containing antiviral neutralizing antibodies and is used therapeutically for infected individuals by SARS-CoV-2 and for the purpose of prophylaxis in exposed individuals. Three SARS-CoV-1 infected patients were treated with 500ml of convalescent sera, the reduction in viral titer and mortality were recorded (39) . Three MERS infected patients were also treated with Convalescent or Passive antibody therapy, two of them produce nAbs and remaining one not (40) , this study highlights the limitation in using of convalescent sera it means that the recovered individual may not have enough titer of nAbs (41) . The available information on the use of convalescent sera or passive immunization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that early administration of convalescent serum reduces viral abundance and was found safe. cache = ./cache/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030506-mqsgqfbs author = Bonilla-Molina, Luis title = Covid-19 on Route of the Fourth Industrial Revolution date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2477 sentences = 152 flesch = 49 summary = Following Covid-19 lockdowns and transitions to online education, the Global Pedagogical Blackout is now more clearly evidenced as a consequence of the transformation of the capitalist mode of production through the acceleration of scientific-technological innovation (Bonilla-Molina 2020a, b, c, d) . The preventive quarantine has been used to enhance the construction of hegemony upon a new model of education, virtual education at home (Bonilla-Molina 2020e, f), which is already in proposal by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), World Bank, Organization for Economic Development (OECD), and the US Trump administration. During the Covid-19 pandemic and its social distancing context, parents and families are abruptly given the responsibility to endow their students with equipped computers, the Internet, access to platforms, and a 'virtual pedagogy.' This is not a temporary situation as we are led to believe, but an integral part of the political and ideological architecture of education and schooling that has been in the making for a long time (Bonilla-Molina 2020g). cache = ./cache/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029710-ythz9ax0 author = Homayounieh, Fatemeh title = CT Radiomics, Radiologists and Clinical Information in Predicting Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3090 sentences = 166 flesch = 44 summary = PURPOSE: To compare prediction of disease outcome, severity, and patient triage in COVID-19 pneumonia with whole lung radiomics, radiologists' interpretation, and clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Radiomics from non-contrast chest CT were superior to radiologists' assessment of extent and type of pulmonary opacities in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia outcome, disease severity, and patient triage. We compared prediction of disease outcome, severity, and patient triage in COVID-19 pneumonia with whole lung radiomics, radiologists' interpretation, and clinical variables. Although prior studies have reported on the ability of visual severity score of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT [16, 18, 20] , we found that such qualitative assessment was not as useful as radiomics in predicting ICU admission or patient outcome (recovery versus death). Another limitation of our study pertains to the fact that some patients may have been admitted to the hospital based on severity of symptoms, other comorbidities (such as immunodeficiencies) or positive CT findings rather than an extensive lung changes related to COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030909-6if3qquj author = nan title = Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28248 sentences = 1347 flesch = 48 summary = Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank's (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030984-2mqn4ihm author = Davies, Anna title = Riskscapes and the socio-spatial challenges of climate change date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8523 sentences = 391 flesch = 41 summary = As with climate vulnerabilities and public and environmental health (Faber, 2015; Gebreyes and Theodory, 2018; Klinenberg, 2002; Solomon et al., 2016) , emerging accounts of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that communities facing elevated threats to their lives and livelihoods are those who are elderly, experience chronic medical conditions, and are socially, politically and economically marginalised (CDC, 2020; Manderson and Levine, 2020; Raffaetà, 2020) . Building on his earlier work (Beck, [1986] 2005), Beck's (2009) "world risk society" thesis highlights the growing prominence of large-scale technological and industrial processes in modernity that has given rise to unstable global financial markets and climate change and associated threats for the broader public. For example, political and economic actors and institutions across the world are refashioning previous capital accumulation strategies and their spatial and ecological "fixes" through financial instruments and market-based mechanisms that seek to mitigate against and adapt people and places to environmental disasters, terrorist threats and the climate crisis (Castree and Christophers, 2015; Gotham and Greenberg, 2014; Knox-Hayes, 2013; Ouma et al., 2018) . cache = ./cache/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030018-sabmw7wf author = El-Shabrawi, Mortada title = Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3270 sentences = 175 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. cache = ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031175-4dm4asen author = Joo, Jaehun title = Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5972 sentences = 273 flesch = 47 summary = Thus, for being required by both governments, Self-quarantine Safety Protection app of South Korea and Health Code app of China are representative technology for examining the relationship between the effectiveness of mandatory centralized contract tracing apps and user stress. Based on the coping theory (Beaudry and Pinsonneault 2005; Lazarus and Folkman 1984) , this study proposes a structural equation model that shows the relationships between contact tracing app users' stress and how they accept such stress through a process called challenge appraisal. To test the research hypotheses derived from the proposed structural equation model, survey data were collected from the users of Health Code, which is the mandatory and centralized contact tracing app with the largest user base. Figure 1 shows the relationships among accuracy and privacy concerns as factors affecting stress, challenge appraisal, emotion-focused coping behavior, and infusion as a structural equations model. cache = ./cache/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029898-2t9mif9k author = Chaganti, Shikha title = Automated Quantification of CT Patterns Associated with COVID-19 from Chest CT date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4107 sentences = 205 flesch = 54 summary = PURPOSE: To present a method that automatically segments and quantifies abnormal CT patterns commonly present in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely ground glass opacities and consolidations. The method outputs two combined measures of the severity of lung and lobe involvement, quantifying both the extent of COVID-19 abnormalities and presence of high opacities, based on deep learning and deep reinforcement learning. CONCLUSION: A new method segments regions of CT abnormalities associated with COVID-19 and computes (PO, PHO), as well as (LSS, LHOS) severity scores. The DI2IN has been first trained on CT scans from a large group of patients with various diseases (miscellaneous in Table 1 ), then fine-tuned with scans with abnormal patterns including ( ILDs, pneumonia, and COVID-19 in Table1), to improve the robustness of the lung segmentation over the infected areas. cache = ./cache/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031378-iy67xnec author = Atif, Iqra title = The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4709 sentences = 236 flesch = 50 summary = Potential digital technologies that could be applied to tackle various problems related to COVID-19 pandemic are artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, Internet of medical things (IoMT), smart biosensors and sanitizing equipment. Smart bio-sensor-based face shields can also be used in the mining industry, not only for protection purposes, but also as display screens to highlight any critical information related to the miner's health and safety. Smart boots is another digital technology that can be useful to prevent infectious viruses like COVID-19 by providing the worker contact tracing and ensure social distancing (Fig. 8) . The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported that ultraviolet (UV) light-based walkthrough gates possibly could eradicate the coronavirus that contains the deadly Fig. 9 IoT-Q-Band system for real-time monitoring of the health condition of individual and ensure social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus, source: Singh et al. cache = ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030998-1u3fme80 author = van Dalen, Hendrik P title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Financially Fragile and Aging Societies date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2930 sentences = 143 flesch = 53 summary = The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer. To correct this state of affairs, societies can resort to different measures such as the long-term route of investing in financial literacy (Kaiser & Menkhoff, 2017) , but they can also take a more direct approach, such as by making supplementary pension savings by employers mandatory, or by nudging and informing workers in the direction of making their households more financially stable (Clark, Morrill, & Allen, 2012) . cache = ./cache/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030256-muah207b author = Kapoor, Poonam Malhotra title = COVID-19 Thrombosis: An Unsolved Mystery date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 92 flesch = 49 summary = The marked elevation of IL-6 in patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) led to the institution of successful targeted therapy for the treatment of CRS using IL-6 receptor blockade (tocilizumab). It is widely acknowledged that the majority of COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, are characterized by lymphocytopenia. Where extracorporeal life support (ECLS) expertise is available, it should be considered according to the standard management algorithm for ARDS in supporting patients with viral lower respiratory tract infection. Although there are no published outcomes, early experience in Wuhan, China, indicates that prone position was widely used in patients with COVID-19 related severe ARDS and had possible benefits. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study United States Center for Disease Control interim guidance for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-030256-muah207b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030256-muah207b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030529-2wkes9nk author = Goggin, Gerard title = COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7370 sentences = 343 flesch = 53 summary = In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore's app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. The data sets generated by smartphones, computers, apps and people's use of them, such as that data collected by Apple and Google, were used by public health officials, researchers and journalists to map population or district-level activity and movement, leading to the very interesting charts, graphs and visualisations in news and current affairs reports and features seeking to map and analyse the spread of COVID and its impact on social and economic activity. With much at stake in terms of public health concerns at a critical juncture of the COVID pandemic, the Australian government emphasised that it was keen to adopt a 'consent-based' model, hence its interest in adapting the Singapore TraceTogether app. cache = ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031418-ucdu4btq author = nan title = Nervenschäden schon bei milden COVID-19-Verläufen? date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 227 sentences = 31 flesch = 53 summary = key: cord-031418-ucdu4btq authors: nan cord_uid: ucdu4btq nan F Welche Auswirkungen SARS-CoV-2 auf das Nervensystem hat, ist noch immer unklar. In sehr seltenen Fällen wurden Virusenzephalitiden mit einem Nachweis des neuen Coronavirus im Liquor oder im Hirnparenchym Verstorbener beschrieben, meist scheinen die neurologischen Effekte aber nicht auf einer direkten Virusinvasion des Nervengewebes zu beruhen. So werden die häufig auftretenden Geruchsstörungen eher einer Schädigung des Nasenepithels zugeschrieben, Schlaganfälle auf Koagulationsstörungen und Vaskulitiden. Dennoch gibt es immer wieder Hinweise, wonach die Viren auch direkt Nervenzellen schädigen. Auch hier gingen stationäre Aufnahme und schwerer Verlauf primär mit hohem Alter, einer progredienten MS sowie weiteren Begleiterkrankungen einher, nicht jedoch mit der Art der MS-Therapie. Association of neuronal injury blood marker neurofilament light chain with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs Patients With Influenza Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Ischemic Stroke. The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry cache = ./cache/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030927-wo8r8zny author = Collins, Curtis D title = Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4470 sentences = 228 flesch = 36 summary = Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. 3, 4 Many of these treatments also come with the potential for significant toxicity and a need for close monitoring, which requires the NOTE PHARMACY DEPARTMENT'S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC leadership of the pharmacist as a key part of the multidisciplinary team. The primary objectives of this analysis are to describe strategies used to standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19 and to quantify the volume and scope of pharmacist interventions during the peak of our pandemic response. • Results of a retrospective descriptive analysis show the quantity and scope of interventions clinical pharmacists are making in the care of patients with COVID-19. The study quantified the volume and scope of interventions by clinical pharmacists in the care of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031417-y9g00712 author = Ohme, Jakob title = Staying Informed and Bridging “Social Distance”: Smartphone News Use and Mobile Messaging Behaviors of Flemish Adults during the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6890 sentences = 321 flesch = 51 summary = title: Staying Informed and Bridging "Social Distance": Smartphone News Use and Mobile Messaging Behaviors of Flemish Adults during the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic The contribution of this study lies in its investigation of how, at the aggregate level, smartphones were used during times of crisis, thereby being one of the first studies to draw a detailed picture of citizens' communication behavior in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 crisis, momentary increases in browser and dedicated news app use when important messages are communicated may reflect such real-time information consumption. We therefore ask, How frequently do citizens use mobile messaging, calling, and social media as communicative means to personal contacts in times of crisis? cache = ./cache/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030934-t7akdu6x author = Bahrami, Afsane title = Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6472 sentences = 356 flesch = 45 summary = The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. Bioinformatics analysis of the viral genome from one COVID-19 patient shared 89 and 82% sequence similarity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and human SARS-CoV, respectively [41] . In a recent report it was shown that SARS-CoV-2's S-protein entry into 293/human ACE2 receptor cells is primarily mediated via endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, a TPC2 and cathepsin L are crucial for virus entry. Findings of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial among 22 infected patients indicated that hydroxychloroquine treatment significantly reduced viral load in COVID-19 cases and its effectiveness is promoted by azithromycin [99] . The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response cache = ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031106-h1h5q9qo author = Schivardi, Fabiano title = Identifying the Real Effects of Zombie Lending date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7036 sentences = 402 flesch = 63 summary = Second, and more importantly, we argue that the empirical framework commonly applied in the literature to estimate the effects of zombie lending on healthy firms suffers from a serious identification problem that can bias the results toward finding a negative spillover, even when this is not actually the case. We show that this correlation can arise naturally from standard shocks which, by shifting the distribution of firms performance to the left, mechanically increase the share of zombies and reduce the relative performance of healthy firms, absent any spillover. An adverse demand shock in sector j is bound to increase the share of zombies, while negatively affecting the performance of healthy firms operating in the same sector. In particular, we want to know how exogenous changes in Z jt , the share of zombies in sector j at t, affect µ N Z − µ Z through possible spillover effects, such as distortions of competition or lower credit supply to healthy firms. cache = ./cache/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031460-nrxtfl3i author = Sharma, Vikas Kumar title = Modeling and Forecasting of COVID-19 Growth Curve in India date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6139 sentences = 368 flesch = 66 summary = In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in India from March 4 to July 11 using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as exponential smoothing and Holt–Winters models. Further, we search the best-fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and provide the forecast of COVID-19 cases for future days. Ceylan (2020) suggested the use of Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to develop and predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 for better allocation of resources and proper containment of the virus in Italy, Spain and France. In this article, we first study the growth curve using regression methods (exponential, linear and polynomial etc.) and propose an optimal model for fitting the cases till July 10. In order to find the optimal value of µ, i.e. the turning point between the exponential and polynomial growth, we will use the technique of minimizing the residual sum squares in "Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in India". cache = ./cache/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031232-6cv8n2bf author = de Weck, Olivier title = Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7906 sentences = 343 flesch = 52 summary = In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. 34 In order to take into account and to avoid such paradoxical consequences, one must choose a systems approach to analyze the COVID-19 crisis, integrating all existing domains of knowledge into a common understanding of the crisis, in order to obtain a global vision, both in space and time and at different possible observation scales, and thus giving a chance to find the global optimum for human society as a whole. • The lifecycle of the social system can be analyzed to first order in terms of wealth and health, where these features can be, respectively, In a systems approach, we will thus have to construct the different possible global lifecycle scenarios that can be achieved in this way (see Figure 4 for an illustration of this classical process), to evaluate their probabilities and to define means to mitigate the worst consequences. cache = ./cache/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031112-fadju8a6 author = Baker, Scott R title = The Unprecedented Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5319 sentences = 319 flesch = 56 summary = No previous infectious disease outbreak, including the Spanish Flu, has affected the stock market as forcefully as the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence we amass suggests that government restrictions on commercial activity and voluntary social distancing, operating with powerful effects in a service-oriented economy, are the main reasons the U.S. stock market reacted so much more forcefully to COVID-19 than to previous pandemics in 1918–1919, 1957–1958, and 1968. In the period before February 24, 2020spanning 120 years and more than 1,100 jumps-contemporary journalistic accounts attributed not a single daily stock market jump to infectious disease outbreaks or policy responses to such outbreaks.1 Perhaps surprisingly, even the Spanish Flu fails to register in next-day journalistic explanations for large daily stock market moves. Next-day newspaper accounts attribute not a single one of these jumps to infectious disease outbreaks or pandemic-related Our comparisons to the 1918-1919, 1957-1958, and 1968 show that the unprecedented stock market reaction to COVID-19 cannot be explained simply by the lethality of the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031081-szqrjxq2 author = Campbell, Margaret C title = In Times of Trouble: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Responses to Threats date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11083 sentences = 560 flesch = 50 summary = In conjunction with these articles, we hope that this conceptual framework will provide a point of departure for researchers seeking to enhance the understanding of how consumers and markets collectively respond over the short term and long term to threats that disrupt consumers' routines, lives, or even the fabric of society. Our goal is not to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature, but rather a guide to researchers seeking to increase our collective understanding of how consumers and markets together respond over short and long durations to threats that disrupt their very being. The findings of this article suggest that economic recessions, pandemics, and terror threats can affect subjective life expectancy for some consumers, leading to different financial and health decisions than they might make otherwise, as well as potentially impacting their mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author = Pinto Neto, Osmar title = Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5288 sentences = 245 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. The red circles (deaths) and blue circles (active cases) indicate real data up to June 18 Table 3 Inverse of the model optimized coefficients of γ, δ, ζ, and ε representing latent, infectious, hospitalization, and critical cases mean duration in days, as well as the model estimated basic reproductive number (R 0 ) and the death rate (DR) for June 18, 2020, for Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy, South Korea, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, and USA, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031101-6wb1g4dy author = Ramelli, Stefano title = Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10963 sentences = 641 flesch = 59 summary = Market reactions to the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) provide new insights into how real shocks and financial policies drive firm value. First, Figure A2 in the Internet Appendix shows that our main firm characteristics of interest (international trade, cash holdings, and leverage) are positively correlated with the average loading on the market factor returns in 2019. For example, the results in column 3 imply that a one-standard-deviation higher exposure to China (13.36) was associated with 1.36% (= 13.36 × 0.102) lower cumulative returns in the Outbreak period, net of other firm characteristics and market beta. of financial firms for the sake of consistency with the stock return results.) This analysis concerns calls held in the Outbreak and Fever period, because no conference call in the Incubation period discussed the coronavirus (see Section 1). cache = ./cache/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031493-w8agvg9g author = Davido, Benjamin title = Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 153 sentences = 17 flesch = 59 summary = key: cord-031493-w8agvg9g authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Barizien, Nicolas; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date: 2020-09-06 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 31493 cord_uid: w8agvg9g nan responsible for dysautonomia in patients with persistent symptoms following acute SARS-23 COV2 infection. Physicians must keep in mind that COVID-19 is not only a disease 24 responsible for lung injury and its sequel but may affect other organs as olfactory and 25 gustatory dysfunction and as such, should inform the general audience, especially young 26 individuals that are the most concerned [2] . Actually, we did not state that these symptoms of autonomic impairment do not require 28 specific treatment, but we believe it must be a case by case management depending on the breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in adults Efficacy of 68 Therapies for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-69 analysis cache = ./cache/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031726-ubt9wnf9 author = Ad’hiah, Ali H. title = Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2554 sentences = 158 flesch = 56 summary = title: Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been associated with ABO blood groups in patients of different ethnicities. With respect to COVID-19, recent studies have associated ABO blood groups with susceptibility to disease. In line with these finding, the present preliminary study sought to understand the genetic association of ABO blood groups with susceptibility to COVID-19 in Iraqi patients. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) was employed to assess the genetic association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 infection. Frequencies of A, B, AB, and O blood group phenotypes showed significant variations between COVID-19 patients (all cases, recovered, and deceased) and controls (pc value = 8.8 × 10 −4 , 0.012 and 1.5 × 10 −6 , respectively) ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031518-1w14wr0i author = Khodarahmi, Reza title = The ACE2 as a “rescue protein” or “suspect enzyme” in COVID-19: possible application of the “engineered inactive hrsACE2” as a safer therapeutic agent in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4651 sentences = 190 flesch = 42 summary = The authors expressed that hrsACE2 can block early entry of SARS-CoV-2 infections in various host cells, especially alveolar epithelial type II cells, as a viral reservoir and stated that they cannot make any predictions with respect to the effect of the recombinant protein on the later stages of COVID-19 and, also, honestly mentioned the study limitations. Moreover, since ACE2 is expressed in various tissues including the heart, kidney tubules, the luminal surface of the small intestine and blood vessels [2] and references therein), SARS-CoV-2could also infect these tissues, so that clinically, SARS-CoV-2 has been found in the urine, and cardiovascular and renal dysfunctions have been reported for many patients with COVID-19. As mentioned above, patients with COVID-19 have significantly elevated levels of plasma angiotensin II compared to that of healthy individual and membrane-bound ACE2 (in addition to protecting from lung injury, based on its catalytic domain) is the critical in vivo SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein receptor. cache = ./cache/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031590-k16gsa7e author = Gharekhanloo, Farideh title = Variety of radiological findings in a family with COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2625 sentences = 160 flesch = 53 summary = Atypical clinical symptoms and imaging features are more common in children than adults; therefore, it is necessary to identify the typical and atypical imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pediatric population. There have been a limited number of studies conducted on the clinical and epidemiologic features and imaging manifestations of infected children, and there have been no specific consensus guidelines on the diagnosis of suspected pediatric patients with COVID-19 [2, 6] . According to the lower prevalence of COVID-19 among children, compared to that reported for adults, there have been no sufficient data on the clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 and its typical and atypical manifestations in children. Atypical clinical symptoms and imaging features are more common among children than adults; therefore, it is required to carry out further studies with more cases for the identification of typical and atypical imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pediatric population. cache = ./cache/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031461-r9lv43us author = Asad, Ali title = Evolution of COVID-19 Pandemic in India date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3970 sentences = 346 flesch = 73 summary = Towards this objective, we study and analyze the temporal growth pattern of COVID-19 infection and death counts in various states of India. Our analysis up to August 4, 2020, shows that several states (namely Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal) have reached [Formula: see text] power-law growth, while Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh exhibit linear growth. In this paper, we analyze the COVID-19 infection and death counts in nineteen Indian states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Bihar, and Kerela. The infection curves of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, as well as the combined NE-states, exhibit a t 3 regime followed by a t 2 phase. These states observed a gradual growth in daily cases as their I(t) curves pass through the power-law regime. In this paper, we analyzed the cumulative infection and death counts of the COVID-19 epidemic in the worstaffected states of India. cache = ./cache/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031700-xxku8q1f author = Hess, Kristy title = Local newspapers and coronavirus: conceptualising connections, comparisons and cures date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7612 sentences = 322 flesch = 43 summary = We take an analogical approach to argue some of the issues that emerged during COVID-19 and strategies used to fight the global health pandemic also present valuable lessons for the preservation of public interest journalism and news at the local level. We conceptualise five coronavirus-related themes that resonate with a much-needed innovations agenda for local newspapers in Australia: (1) support for essential services, (2) warnings of complacency against an evolving biological threat, (3) appreciating the power of the social (4) coordinated government/policy responses and (5) 'we are all in this together'. As researchers working on a project that will gauge the civic value of Australia's country press and develop an innovation model for the sector, 1 we have made the case for an approach to media innovation that does not simply reinforce the 'crisis' discourse (Hess and Waller, 2020) or pin small newspaper closures like butterflies to a Google map of pandemic despair (see https://piji.com.au). cache = ./cache/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031818-lawd185l author = Rich, Robert Soler title = Expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case() date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 58 flesch = 48 summary = title: Expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Letter to the Editor Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case in Spain To the Editor: When the natural immune response does not control the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it induces the production of macrophages and granulocytes with the consequent massive release of CD4 + T cells that produce IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in lung tissue damage 1,2 . This challenge was faced by researchers from the University of Shanghai, intravenously infusing a suspension of mesenchymal cells (MSC), reporting rapid clinical, radiological and laboratory improvements, comparing them with those of the untreated control group 5 ; effects attributable to the massive release of anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative cytokines from these cells that are trapped in the pulmonary capillaries. cache = ./cache/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031534-agj3nnr8 author = Calderón, José Lemus title = Differentiating characteristics of asthmatic patients in the SARS-CoV2 infection. date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 293 sentences = 27 flesch = 52 summary = key: cord-031534-agj3nnr8 title: Differentiating characteristics of asthmatic patients in the SARS-CoV2 infection. There are communications that suggest that asthma may be a factor that 7 determines the severity of the COVID 19, compared to others that indicate that it does 8 not imply an increased risk (5) . The prevalence of asthma in Spain is estimated at 6.3% 9 of the population (6), and in a cohort of hospitalized patients in Spain with SARS-CoV-10 2 infection was 8.4% (7) . The main objective of our study was analyze how the SARSCoV-2 infection has affected asthmatic patients in terms of prevalence, morbidity, 12 hospitalization and mortality. Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 in patients in Wuhan Is asthma a risk factor for severe outcomes? Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 cache = ./cache/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031739-4hapxw7l author = Mohamed, Yahye Garad title = Clinical and chest CT presentations from 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Mogadishu, Somalia: a descriptive study date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2077 sentences = 131 flesch = 52 summary = From March 20 to April 20, 2020, a clinical and chest CT imaging data of 27 patients (mean age, 43 ± 14 years; 70.4% male and 29.6% female) with laboratoryconfirmed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with throat swab samples diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were included in this study. The clinical data analyzed were as follows: age, sex, comorbid conditions, exposure history, signs and symptoms (fever, dry cough, SOB, myalgia, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, vomit, and nausea), and laboratory results (C-reactive protein, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils). Based on recently published data, most of the patients with COVID-19 had characteristics of chest CT features in the disease process such as ground-glass opacities (GGOs), mixed GGC, crazy paving pattern, consolidation, air bronchogram, bronchial dilatation, reticular pattern, and subpleural linear opacity [10] [11] [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031835-jx8lzdl8 author = Zhao, Fei title = Time to lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies by informatics technologies in an information era date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 957 sentences = 77 flesch = 51 summary = title: Time to lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies by informatics technologies in an information era Numerous models such as the classical dynamic model (SEIS) and artificial intelligence (AI) tools, are helping in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic by predicting the spread of the disease, hospital demand, diagnosis, and death. Real-time data sharing makes spread forecasting for public health emergencies and the evaluation of various interventions available. The turning point, however, where informatics technologies lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies in an information era, has already arrived. Forecasting the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital demand and deaths for the USA and European Economic Area countries The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study cache = ./cache/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031885-by4cujyy author = Guo, Hai title = The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7545 sentences = 405 flesch = 43 summary = The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities. Based on data from an online questionnaire survey conducted with 518 Chinese SMEs, the present study explores the relationships among digitalization, crisis response strategies to the COVID-19 outbreak, and the crisis response performance of SMEs. The survey results clearly show that digitalization can help SMEs employ emergency responses as well as respond strategically to public crises in the long run, thus contributing to the improvement in SMEs' performance. For long-term crisis responses, SMEs prefer to implement digital transformation strategies (0.71) instead of strategic changes in products, markets, and external relations (0.54). As shown in Table 4 , the survey results generally indicate that the digitalization of SMEs is positively associated with the implementation of crisis response strategies, including both short-term emergency responses (p < 0.05) and long-term strategic responses (p < 0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031840-k9l91unc author = Lu, Li title = Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15686 sentences = 686 flesch = 53 summary = With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. On one hand, the eagerness to build solidarity with East Asian countries represented by Japan and South Korea might be a strategy to react to the racialization of COVID-19 as a "Chinese virus" and the demonization of China as a "public enemy" and "trouble maker" in the Euro-American political and media agenda (Viala-Gaudefroy & Lindaman, 2020). On the other hand, the rise of this East Asian imaginary centering around China's historical and cultural bonds with Japan and South Korea has far-reaching implications for China's geopolitical strategies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the realm of public health. cache = ./cache/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031940-bbord079 author = Ye, Tingqing title = Analysis and prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China with uncertain time series date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3906 sentences = 322 flesch = 66 summary = In this section, classical time series analysis is applied to modeling the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases by local transmission in China. To model the data in Table 1 , we denote the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China from February 13 to March 23, 2020 by X 1 , X 2 , . Thus the disturbance term cannot be regarded as a random variable, and the classical time series analysis is not appropriate for predicting the future the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China. In this section, we will introduce the uncertain time series analysis, including least squares estimations, residual analysis, uncertain hypothesis test, forecast value, and confidence interval. In this section, we will introduce the uncertain time series analysis, including least squares estimations, residual analysis, uncertain hypothesis test, forecast value, and confidence interval. cache = ./cache/cord-031940-bbord079.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031940-bbord079.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032222-i6gfp4me author = Xue, Ling title = A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2867 sentences = 206 flesch = 49 summary = Later, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses formally named this virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, and an effective vaccine has yet to be developed. 51 A recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector vaccine, developed by Chen Wei's team, showed good safety and immunogenicity in a phase I clinical trial, rapidly inducing both humoral and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 in most participants. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031938-oe5gf257 author = Tor, Phern-Chern title = Model for ethical triaging of electroconvulsive therapy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2274 sentences = 101 flesch = 43 summary = • disruption of routine care delivery during the crisis, leading to increased risk of harm to patients' health • increased risk of patients getting COVID-19 owing to lack of ECT (e.g. delayed discharge from hospital while their illness resolves more slowly and higher vulnerability to COVID-19 among severely mentally ill patients 9 ) • increased risk of patients getting COVID-19 while attending for ECT (e.g. repeated out-patient appointments for ECT, requiring patients to travel more frequently) • increased risk to the team delivering ECT, due to the higher risk of infection from patients receiving general anaesthesia and potential aerosolisation of patients' respiratory material Applying these principles to clinical scenarios Applying Emanuel et al's principles and the ECT-specific considerations outlined above, a high-priority patient might be a young healthcare worker in your healthcare institution with no psychiatric history and admitted for an acute onset of psychotic depression, catatonic symptoms and a serious suicide attempt, whose family is supportive of ECT. cache = ./cache/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031984-kcs6oukj author = Gupta, Amitesh title = Estimating the Impact of Daily Weather on the Temporal Pattern of COVID-19 Outbreak in India date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5018 sentences = 241 flesch = 51 summary = Daily maximum (T(Max)), minimum (T(Min)), mean (T(Mean)) and dew point temperature (T(Dew)), wind speed (WS), relative humidity, and diurnal range in temperature and relative humidity during March 01 to June 04, 2020 over 9 major affected cities are analyzed to look into the impact of daily weather on COVID-19 infections on that day and 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 days before those cases were detected (i.e., on the likely transmission days). Since all the selected cities are located in different bio-climatic zones having different temperature characteristics (Gupta 2017) , the variations in meteorological observations will also help to identify how spatially varying weather conditions influence the pattern of COVID-19 transmission in India. Unlike most studies, the present study investigated the impact of various weather parameters which include maximum, minimum, mean, and dew point temperature, temperature range, average humidity, humidity range and wind speed on the same day, as well as with time-lags of 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days prior to detection of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Indian context. cache = ./cache/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032268-oj94e8wo author = Kaeuffer, Charlotte title = The BAS²IC score: a useful tool to identify patients at high risk of early progression to severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1627 sentences = 85 flesch = 50 summary = We developed a score, based on easily accessible data (age, sex, BMI, dyspnea and inflammatory parameters), to predict the risk of rapid progression to severe disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In a previous multicenter study involving 1,045 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, we identified several independent risk factors, such as advanced age, obesity and inflammation, associated with the early development of severe disease [3] . In the present study, we aimed to develop a practical score for estimating the risk of rapid progression to severe disease in a cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. [SD], 16), and 612 patients (58.6%) were men (supplementary Table 1 Based on previously identified prognostic factors [3] , we then defined a prognostic BAS²IC score including BMI, age, sex, shortness of breath and inflammatory parameters to screen patients at a risk of developing early severe disease (Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032073-8eguv697 author = El Fakiri, K. title = Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Moroccan Children date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1517 sentences = 91 flesch = 57 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a Moroccan pediatric population. Patients were classified as follows: Asymptomatic infection (children without manifestations of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 testing positive to SARS-COV-2); Acute upper respiratory tract infection (children with fever, cough, pharyngeal pain, nasal congestion, fatigue, headache, myalgia or discomfort, and without signs of pneumonia by chest imaging or sepsis); Mild pneumonia (when children have a fever, respiratory symptoms such as cough, and chest imaging indicating pneumonia, but not reaching the criteria of severe pneumonia); Severe pneumonia (when any of the following criteria are present: (i) increased respiratory rate: ≥60 breaths/min (<2 years), ≥40 breaths/min (between 2 and 5 years), ≥30 breaths/min (≥5 years); (ii) oxygen saturation <94%; (iii) hypoxia; (iv) disturbance of consciousness; and, (v) food refusal or feeding difficulty, with signs of dehydration); Treatment was prescribed according to the Moroccan Ministry of Health recommendations [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032276-bvbz94bi author = Azam, Gaousul title = Letter: Outpatient Consultation and Silent Transmission of COVID-19: Risk for the Neurosurgeon? date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 917 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = Global neurosurgical initiatives need to be taken that could rise to the cause of providing essential and uniform neurosurgical treatment in order to avoid infection due to silent transmission. The whole world is trying to cope with the current global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and reduce infection spread not only among patients but also among treating neurosurgeons. Studies have found that the majority of incidences may be due to silent transmission from a combination of presymptomatic and asymptomatic infections. r self-check-in registration system with an automated slip for OPD patients; r patient consultation through telemedicine; r adequate PPE for both patients and health workers; r outpatient entry pass through adequate documentation of history of COVID-19 symptoms, exposure, and thermal scanning; r ensuring adequate availability of hand sanitizer and use during OPD entry; r strictly maintaining social distancing as much as possible; r using 0.23% povidone mouth wash and nasal drop before and after duty; r reducing exposure time with the patient; r ensuring a quality PPE disposal system; r avoidance of nonessential clinical exposure. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032245-f5g3r3nv author = Bahri, Amrita title = Women at the frontline of COVID-19: Can Gender Mainstreaming in Free Trade Agreements Help? date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7541 sentences = 410 flesch = 50 summary = In doing so, the author sheds light on various ways in which the existing trade agreements embrace gender equality considerations and how they can be better prepared to help minimize the pandemic-inflicted economic loss to women. This article is not attempting to show how or why more working women than working men (in absolute numbers) can get affected due to this pandemic; this may not be the case as much more men than women are involved in the economies and hence men may be impacted more in absolute terms Moreover, we need sex-disaggregated data on the economic impact of COVID-19 to better understand its gendered impact. 6 This crisis presents a unique opportunity to build back the economy in an inclusive manner and explore how trade policies can contribute in this respect through existing and future free trade agreements (FTAs). First, the existing and future trade agreements between countries can increase trade flows and hence lead to more business and employment opportunities and a better standard of life for all including women. cache = ./cache/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032332-bfggtolv author = Liu, Zhe title = Uncertain growth model for the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2907 sentences = 230 flesch = 58 summary = 6 will analyze cumulative numbers of COVID-19 infections in China using uncertain growth models and uncertain hypothesis tests. where y represents the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China, x represents the day after February 12, 2020, and is a disturbance term characterized as an uncertain variable. In this section, we apply the uncertain hypothesis test Ye and Liu (2020a) to testing the appropriateness of the estimated expected valueê and the estimated varianceσ 2 for the disturbance term in the uncertain growth model (2), and modify outliers. The estimated expected value and estimated variance of the disturbance term in uncertain growth model (14) As shown in Fig. 5 , all data pass the test. Fitted uncertain regression growth model (14) and cumulative numbers of COVID-19 infections in China from January 20 to March 23, 2020, are shown in Fig. 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031942-mfz313q0 author = Kim, Hye Kyung title = Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking, Avoidance, and Processing: A Multicountry Comparative Study date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7760 sentences = 402 flesch = 39 summary = Guided by the RISP model (Griffin et al., 1999) , the current study examines whether and how exposure to misinformation about COVID-19 prevention motivates or deters effortful seeking and processing of relevant information. Thus, we posit the following direct and indirect effects of misinformation exposure on information seeking and avoidance, as well as systematic and heuristic processing. Because misinformation on COVID-19 prevention is characterized by scientific uncertainty, we suggest that cultural differences in uncertainty avoidance may moderate the effect of misinformation exposure on information seeking and processing. Research Question 2 (RQ2): Do the direct and indirect effects of misinformation exposure on information seeking, avoidance, and processing differ between the United States and South Korea or Singapore? In predicting information avoidance, the direct effect of misinformation was significant across all three countries (Β US = .399, Β SG = .370, Β KR = .538, all p < .001), but the effect size significantly differed only between the U.S. and South Korea samples (p = .006; United States-Singapore comparison, p = .63). cache = ./cache/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032450-mklmsw01 author = Yasin, Rabab title = Chest X-ray findings monitoring COVID-19 disease course and severity date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5326 sentences = 312 flesch = 63 summary = Initial chest X-ray showed right peripheral mid and lower zonal air space consolidation opacities (arrows), smaller patches of consolidation is seen on the side (arrows), the severity score for the right lung was 2 and for the left lung was 1, so TSS was 3. Initial chest X-ray showed right small midzonal pulmonary nodules (short arrow), left midzonal neither peripheral nor perihilar air space consolidation opacities are seen (long arrows), and the severity score was 1 for each lung, so TSS was 2 Fig. 4 Four different patients with positive COVID-19. d 28-year male patient presented with cough, on initial X-ray showed right upper zonal (long arrow) and left midzonal (short arrow) air space consolidation opacities; the severity score was 1 for each lung, so TSS was 2 Yasin and Gouda Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (2020) 51:193 cache = ./cache/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032231-7pwy8cyq author = Cho, Sang-Wook (Stanley) title = Quantifying the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Sweden date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7514 sentences = 346 flesch = 51 summary = Using a synthetic control approach, I find that strict initial lockdown measures play an important role in limiting the spread of the COVID-19 infection, as the infection cases in Sweden would have been reduced by almost 75 percent had its policymakers followed stricter containment policies. In the context of this analysis, I swap the setting by assigning treatment to Sweden, where no lockdown was in place, and compare it with a counterfactual designed to capture how the infection rates would have evolved in Sweden had it followed a policy approach (or a mandatory lockdown) similar to that taken by other European countries. Because the RMSPE measures the gap between the variable of interest for the treated country and its synthetic counterpart, we can calculate a set of RMSPE values for the pre-and post-treatment period for all units in the cross-sectional placebo test. cache = ./cache/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032244-s7t5u9lf author = Valente, Serafina title = ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1511 sentences = 87 flesch = 39 summary = The aim of this document is to propose algorithms for the management of cardiovascular diseases during COVID-19 emergency with the objective of providing patients with optimal care, minimizing contagion risk and appropriately managing personal protective equipment. 9, 10 The objective of this document is to propose management algorithms for cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 emergency, in order to optimize cardiological assistance for the benefit of patients by minimizing the possibility of contagion, safeguarding healthcare personnel, and rationalizing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). • angina pectoris • heart failure • arrhythmia In the case of a suspected COVID-19 patient, it is always necessary to try to postpone the medical exam or the appointment (if a cardiac patient cannot wait, refer them to the emergency room which has appropriate access points and safety procedures in place) or manage with the available PPE according to the risk of contagion following specific safety procedures, remembering to disinfect spaces and equipment after the exam/appointment according to local protocols. cache = ./cache/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032256-7yrh16ab author = Susskind, Daniel title = The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6484 sentences = 309 flesch = 59 summary = The two are closely related: it is becoming clear that the use of compulsory lockdowns-by the end of March 2020, over 100 countries had one in place-had an important signalling effect at the start of the pandemic, making clear how critical it was for individuals to change their behaviour. In turn, there appear to be important age inequalities, too: the International Labour Office (ILO), for instance, argues that young people have been 'disproportionately affected' by the pandemic, which has disrupted their education and training, and forced them out of work; one in six young people surveyed by the ILO, for example, had stopped working since the start of the COVID-19 crisis (ILO, 2020). (2020, this issue) argue, as we move out of lockdown and into a tentative period of recovery, it will be necessary to consider a new set of policy options: extension of short-time work and possible temporary subsidy for re-employment; corporation tax incentives; VAT reductions; and a holiday from taxes on business property. cache = ./cache/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032285-gkd1wb09 author = Collier, Paul title = Reforming the UK financial system to promote regional development in post-COVID Britain date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5120 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = The provision of external investment finance for SMEs from banks depends upon collateral, while venture capital, which finances on prospects, depends upon the commercial viability of generating the extensive local knowledge on which judgments must be based. In section IV, we turn to a solution: combining the exceptional capacity of national government to raise finance, with incentivecompatible devolved decision-taking to venture capital with the capacity to deploy it to the minority of SMEs with genuine opportunities for scale-up. Our proposition is that this uncertainty differentially disadvantages finance for SMEs. We know from a new global analysis of large firms, based on 12,000 public CEO briefings to shareholders, that by May 2020 'uncertainty' was the word they most commonly used to describe the problems posed by COVID (Hassan et al., 2020) ). An implication is that although large firms continue to have access to finance for investment during COVID uncertainty, they may be reluctant to commit resources to an expansion of production. cache = ./cache/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032240-xswtx940 author = Sauer, François title = Pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19: case series date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2235 sentences = 167 flesch = 51 summary = Case 1 was a COVID-19 cardiac tamponade without myocarditis, confirmed by a positive chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Case 3 was a cardiac tamponade due to COVID-19 pericarditis, with a positive polymerase chain reaction on pericardial fluid. Since the outbreak of clusters of viral pneumonia due to the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, 1 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide infecting more than 5.4 million people and causing more than 349 095 deaths as of 27 May 2020. • Three cases of pericardial effusions (PEs) comprising two tamponades occurred in a single cardiology centre, suggesting a higher cardiac risk than expected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] We hereby report a case series of three patients with cardiac and pericardial manifestations of COVID-19 at our institution. Acute myopericarditis with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in a patient with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032972-nf5qwcj8 author = van Osch, Dirk title = Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in COVID-19: a case report. Haemodynamic and therapeutic considerations date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1977 sentences = 124 flesch = 37 summary = The patient was discharged home and follow-up echocardiography after 3 months showed normal contractility of the apical myocardial segments, with normalization of the left ventricular systolic function, as expected in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 viral pneumonia may lead to both direct and indirect myocardial injury. Seven days after ICU admission, negative T-waves were observed at the monitor and a 12-lead ECG was obtained which showed sinus rhythm with diffuse, new, deeply negative T-waves and a prolonged QTc interval of 505 ms ( (ACE) inhibitors to treat left ventricular dysfunction was postponed. If haemodynamical problems occur in COVID-19 patients, echocardiography is warranted to exclude heart failure secondary to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis or ischaemia. COVID-19 caregivers should be aware of this complication, since regular use of QT-prolonging drugs combined with prolongation of the QTc interval in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. cache = ./cache/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032691-d9jg0471 author = Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. title = COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2714 sentences = 187 flesch = 56 summary = title: COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports Through a systematic review of case reports, we aimed to summarize the main features of patients with GBS and COVID-19. Results: Eight reports (n=12 patients) of GBS and COVID-19 were identified; one was a Miller Fisher case. Consequently, to understand the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and GBS, and to identify potential patterns, we conducted a systematic review of case reports of COVID-19 and GBS. Although the viral characteristics differ greatly, it is still relevant to make initial comparisons with cases of GBS and Zika virus (Table 2) , where there also appears to be a male predominance and the age profile seems similar 15, 16 . On the other hand, there are very few patients from different countries in the reviewed reports, so I suggest not summarize the data as presented. cache = ./cache/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032239-uoy0ywvw author = Scotto di Uccio, Fortunato title = ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Network Organization for the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during the Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2401 sentences = 113 flesch = 42 summary = In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. 16, 17 In a patient presenting with ST-elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or 'STEMI-like', if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a Coronary Angioplasty (PCI) COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. cache = ./cache/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032757-4nqg9m74 author = Zhan, Bingyan title = Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2147 sentences = 199 flesch = 61 summary = title: Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) OBJECT: To study chest computed tomography (CT) findings in family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On chest CT, 14 patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral lung lesions. Through the study of patients with COVID-19, we have reached a preliminary understanding of the significance of familial clustering and imaging changes in diagnosis. Cases of family clustered COVID-19 showed bilateral involvement in chest radiographs, subpleural involvement and ground-glass opacity on chest CT (P < 0.05) (Figures 1-4) . [5] [6] [7] There were many similarities in chest CT between cases of family clustered and sporadic COVID-19. Family clustered and sporadic COVID-19 cases showed different changes on chest CT. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. cache = ./cache/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032227-xxa0hlpu author = Pyszczynski, Tom title = Terror Management Theory and the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5076 sentences = 217 flesch = 45 summary = Although there are many disturbing aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of terror management theory (TMT; Greenberg et al., 1986; Solomon et al., 2015) , the enormous death toll and highly contagious nature of the virus play especially important roles in spawning the diverse forms of turmoil that have resulted from this crisis. TMT posits that people manage the potential for anxiety inherent in awareness of the inevitability of death by maintaining faith in their cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and close relationships; these anxiety-buffering systems mitigate existential terror by imparting a sense that one is a person of value living in a meaningful world (for a more thorough presentation of these ideas, see Solomon et al., 2015) . cache = ./cache/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032599-b4lcqzcv author = Doumbia-Henry, Cleopatra title = Shipping and COVID-19: protecting seafarers as frontline workers date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4923 sentences = 216 flesch = 47 summary = There has been extraordinary cooperation among all the relevant United Nations agencies-the International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)-maritime stakeholders and in particular shipping and ports, to collectively address the pandemic and minimize the risk for global trade and on human health. On 8 June, the IMO Secretary-General and the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) called on governments to facilitate crew changes and ensure crew well-being by facilitating repatriation and the safe return home of seafarers, marine personnel, fishing vessel personnel, offshore energy sector personnel and service provider personnel at ports as "key workers" providing an essential service, regardless of nationality when in their jurisdiction, and to exempt them from travel restrictions. 22 The stakeholders in the maritime industry have called on governments to ensure that, when implementing measures to protect public health and address COVID-19, they do not introduce obstacles to ship and port operations, including the movement of seafarers and marine personnel, as defined by IMO instruments and the MLC 2006. cache = ./cache/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032928-m0awip9y author = Sobh, Eman title = Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4021 sentences = 242 flesch = 43 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel single-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 primary attacks the lower respiratory system causing viral pneumonia, but it may also affect the heart, gastrointestinal system, liver, kidney, and central nervous system leading to multiple organ failure [3] . Other researchers found elevated serum troponin levels in many patients infected with COVID-19, and it was associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis [21] . The mechanism behind acute myocardial injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection might be related to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) [20] which are highly expressed in the heart [11] . The results of previous reports indicate that cardiac injury, arrhythmia, and venous thromboembolism should be considered in any suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case and the patient should undergo a prompt clinical evaluation. cache = ./cache/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032692-h2c7ogga author = Northstone, Kate title = The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5330 sentences = 278 flesch = 56 summary = title: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to both questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. The wider COVID-19 data collection in ALSPAC will include data from three main sources: self-reported data from questionnaires, data from clinical services based on linkage to medical and other records and information from biological samples. Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture cache = ./cache/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033287-24zkbi3z author = Ali, Sana title = Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5786 sentences = 344 flesch = 39 summary = Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media cache = ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032891-pvijxcgi author = Zhang, Joe title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2583 sentences = 140 flesch = 39 summary = RATIONALE: The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described, but reported utilisation and outcomes are variable, and detailed information on patient characteristics is lacking. While VV-ECMO was associated with improved outcome during the H1N1 influenza pandemic (4, 5) , COVID-19 demonstrates features unique from other respiratory infections and early case-series have reported high mortality in patients on ECMO (6) (7) (8) . National criteria were adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic on the 10 th of April 2020 (11) to include clinical frailty scale ≤3 (12) , the use of the Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score (13) to aid pre-ECMO decision-making (with RESP score ≤3 requiring agreement between at least two centres), and an exclusion of "refractory multi-organ failure". Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports cache = ./cache/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032552-rjuug7er author = Umviligihozo, Gisele title = Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5927 sentences = 290 flesch = 46 summary = As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033312-ja45g4b0 author = Yetkin, Ertan title = COVID-19 pandemic: a glimpse into newly diagnosed hypertensive patients date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 631 sentences = 30 flesch = 35 summary = Clinicians also need strong recommendations regarding the prescription of these agents for newly diagnosed hypertension cases with or without concomitant conditions, including heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. Considering the obscure and multifaceted effects of ACEIs and ARBs in various clinical conditions, it seems plausible to prescribe these agents exclusively for compelling indications (for which these agents are known to be indisputably beneficial), including concomitant heart failure and ischemic heart disease, etc, in the setting of newly diagnosed hypertension. On the other hand, withholding ACEIs or ARBs as the first choice with particular preference of other antihypertensive classes, including calcium antagonist, β-blockers, diuretics, and α-blockers in the absence of compelling indications may eliminate the concerns on the patient's side and thereby may increase the drug compliance in the setting of newly diagnosed hypertension during the spreading outbreak of COVID-19. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin system blockage in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective case control study cache = ./cache/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033453-557obi3r author = Bretscher, Lorenzo title = COVID-19 and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns: Impact and Transmission date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12205 sentences = 945 flesch = 67 summary = Using the first reported case of COVID-19 in a given U.S. county as the event day, we find that firms headquartered in an affected county experience, on average, a 27-bps lower return in the 10-day post-event window. The regression results show that the average daily return of a labor-intensive firm residing in a high intensity county is 1% lower in the 10-day post-event window. To this end, we use analysts' forecast data from the I/B/E/S database and document that the first reported coronavirus case results in downward revision of earnings estimates of firms located in the same county. Second, and related, a unique advantage of our natural experiment is that it allows us to examine the relative strength of various channels (specifically, the labor supply channel, the uncertainty channel, the government policy channel, and the cash flow news channel) through which the COVID-19 shock affects firm valuations. cache = ./cache/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author = Baker, Joseph O title = Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5004 sentences = 216 flesch = 37 summary = In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals. cache = ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033218-wpe0sl43 author = Porsse, Alexandre A. title = The economic impacts of COVID‐19 in Brazil based on an interregional CGE approach date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4657 sentences = 281 flesch = 48 summary = Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil with regional and sectoral detailing, obtained from a scientific modeling framework that integrates information from the economic system and epidemiological scenarios. For Scenario 1, we incorporated a supply shock in the workforce resulting from the expected morbidity and mortality rates due to COVID-19, as well as a fall in activity in specific economic sectors due to social isolation. In Scenario 2, the fiscal policies mitigate the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on the economy, but they are not enough to reverse the negative results for most of the regions. Scenario 1 accesses two economic transmission channels of COVID-19 outbreak: (i) a reduction in labor supply due to the effects of morbidity and mortality; and (ii) a reduction in activity levels of specific sectors that are affected by the need of social isolation to combat the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033356-ppn71yd0 author = Abbott, Frederick M title = Facilitating Access to Cross-Border Supplies of Patented Pharmaceuticals: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10042 sentences = 481 flesch = 41 summary = The authors finally address the problem created by the decision of various high-income countries to 'opt out' as eligible importing countries under the World Trade Organization TRIPS Agreement Article 31bis amendment that addresses the predominant export of pharmaceutical products under compulsory licenses. 18 At the time of writing, a number of pharmaceutical companies that are receiving substantial government subsidies to develop vaccines and treatments to address COVID-19 have declared that they intend to provide them on a 'not-for-profit' basis, although nothing in their grant arrangements appears to require specific pricing commitments, 19 and there is limited public transparency on this account. 70 For present purposes, we emphasize that a pooled procurement strategy along these lines would also greatly strengthen the inherent power of governments in developing countries to threaten and, when needed, to issue compulsory licenses for patented pharmaceuticals under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement. cache = ./cache/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033655-16hj7sev author = Miroudot, Sébastien title = Reshaping the policy debate on the implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8006 sentences = 363 flesch = 50 summary = More recently, Gereffi (2020) addresses the issue of the resilience of medical supply GVCs. However, as policymakers now seem to associate resilience with a specific type of organization of GVCs where MNEs produce mostly through more localized or shorter supply chains, new questions arise on the type of governance that would allow such organization and on the way policymakers could influence the design of GVCs. The main risk with the current debate on the economic policy implications of COVID-19 is that it can lead to the use of supply chain concepts by policymakers and international organizations in a way that departs from business reality, thus leading to wrong policy choices. Building more resilient supply chains should not lead to the dismantlement of GVCs. It should also not replace the risks related to COVID-19 by new policy hazards and a higher level of uncertainty for companies. cache = ./cache/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032820-l0vkq0j3 author = Mohamed, Sherif title = Incidence and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke in the COVID-19 pandemic: the dilemma date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1620 sentences = 99 flesch = 53 summary = BACKGROUND: While COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 26 million people worldwide, still, the definite link between COVID-19 and incidence of stroke remains to be re-evaluated. The COVID-19 pandemic has, in different ways, negative impacts on care of stroke patients worldwide, and still, many challenges are faced by neurologists to improve care of stroke patients during such crisis. Another explanation may come from the observation that air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; we had seen a strikingly reduced air pollution during the pandemic secondary to lockdown; this phenomenon could have a protective effect against stroke [4] . From our experience, it was observed that the presence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in patients with SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV was associated with worse outcomes. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis of published literature cache = ./cache/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032751-pmclolvh author = Head, Katharine J. title = A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5086 sentences = 305 flesch = 48 summary = Research Question 2: What are the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine behavioral intentions of adults in the U.S. when a health care provider recommends the vaccine? Importantly, because vaccine intent and/or need may be different for people who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and perceived threat variables (discussed below) are usually only measured for future threats, only participants who answered "no" to the question "do you believe that you've had COVID-19" are included in the current study (n = 3,159). Step 3 of the hierarchical regression model, with all variables included, less education was associated with lower intent to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The health belief variables that were significant in the full regression model were all positively associated with intent to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. cache = ./cache/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033417-5elpvxhw author = Muthuppalaniappan, Menaka title = Healthcare Cyber-Attacks and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urgent Threat to Global Health date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1501 sentences = 88 flesch = 39 summary = In April 2020, the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL) published a report cautioning a global increase in the prevalence of cyber-attacks relating to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1] . 5 Alongside frontline health services, other parts of the healthcare industry supply chain are also vulnerable to attacks, including medical manufacturers working to meet the overwhelming global demand for COVID-19 essential goods. Early in May 2020, the UK's National Cyber-Security Centre (NCSC) announced a significant increase in cyber-attacks perpetrated by hostile states and cyber-criminals targeting British universities and institutions working on COVID-19 research [3] . In response to this and other attacks, the UK's Health Secretary gave the UK's intelligence service access and oversight to the NHS IT network in May. Unfortunately, healthcare organisations and universities often lack resources to protect against cyber-attacks and can be badly affected by the cost and long-term impacts of security breaches. cache = ./cache/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033660-rbhs15og author = Richards-Belle, Alvin title = Critical care outcomes, for the first 200 patients with confirmed COVID-19, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: A report from the ICNARC Case Mix Programme date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 164 flesch = 48 summary = 5 To help inform planning of critical care services, both centrally and locally, the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), was well placed to rapidly collate, analyse and report data, weekly, on patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 by virtue of its co-ordination of the Case Mix Programme (CMP), the national clinical audit for adult critical care covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland. This paper presents a new analysis of 60-day outcomes for the first 200 consecutive patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and explores the potential bias in the ICNARC weekly reports. ICNARC was well placed to rapidly collate, analyse and report data on patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 by virtue of its co-ordination of the CMP, the national clinical audit for adult critical care covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland. cache = ./cache/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033334-p7szd86k author = Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title = The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7284 sentences = 366 flesch = 33 summary = Enhanced phagocytic activity as well as cytokine production of macrophages Enhanced intestinal immune responses: dendritic cell maturation, Th1/Th2 balance restored and humoral immunity promoted [77, 78] Peptides Anti-inflammatory Downregulates IL-6 and TNF-␣ and myeloperoxidase activity in peritonitis Binds to angiotensin II receptor type 1 to inhibit angiotensin II pro-inflammatory activity ACE inhibitory activity (antihypertensive) [79] [80] [81] [82] Intact Iron-binding activity* Sequestering free iron [83] Intact and peptides Antioxidant* Sequestering free iron Free radical scavenging [79, 84] Lysozyme Intact and peptides Antiviral Inhibits viral entry by binding to cell receptors or virus -cationic and hydrophobic nature is required rather than enzymatic activity Binds nucleic acids Inhibits virus-induced cell fusion Affects cell signaling, including NF-B pathway, to influence susceptibility to infection [85] [86] [87] [88] Intact and/or peptides Antibacterial Hydrolyzes cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (enzyme activity) Insert into and form pores in negatively charged bacterial membranes [40] † Specific anticoronavirus activity has been demonstrated: inhibits SARS-CoV cell entry by binding to HSPGs; inhibits entry and postentry steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication and elevates interferon-stimulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. cache = ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033778-u2r0neyc author = Taban, EM title = Observational study of therapeutic bronchoscopy in critical hypoxaemic ventilated patients with COVID-19 at Mediclinic Midstream Private Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2577 sentences = 146 flesch = 48 summary = Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has been used for years as a diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct for the diagnosis of potential airway obstruction as a cause of acute respiratory failure or in the management of hypoxaemia ventilated patients. To evaluate the use of FFB as a rescue therapy in mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who have persistent hypoxaemia despite the resolution of inflammatory parameters may respond to FFB with removal of mucus plugs. These patients had severe COVID-19 pneumonia with the following characteristics: severe refractory hypoxaemia despite maximal mechanical ventilatory support, including proning and significant deterioration from previous minimal ventilator settings. We have demonstrated that some patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and persistent hypoxaemia despite resolution of inflammatory parameters may respond to FFB following removal of mucus plugs. cache = ./cache/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033550-47sqvg54 author = Jain, Rachna title = Deep learning based detection and analysis of COVID-19 on chest X-ray images date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 280 flesch = 58 summary = For contributing to an analysis of Covid-19, we collected uploaded data of X-ray images of healthy and covid-19 infected patients from different sources and applied three different models (InceptionV3, Xception, and ResNeXt). This work mainly focuses on the use of CNN models for classifying chest X-ray images for coronavirus infected patients. In [17] , the authors proposed a framework model based on Capsule Networks to diagnose Covid-19 (i.e., COVID-CAAPS) disease with the help of X-ray images. In [27] , the authors applied a deep learning model on the collected image dataset of chest CT to identify the impacts of Covid-19 from persons acquired pneumonia and lung disease. In [31] , the authors recommended a deep based methodology (with vector gadget classifier) for the detection of patients infected from Covid-19 by using X-ray images. In [37] , the authors proposed a model that automatically detects the Covid-19 with the help of Chest X-ray images. cache = ./cache/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033505-bv705puy author = Rogado, Jacobo title = Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1170 sentences = 89 flesch = 60 summary = title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() Title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a secondlevel hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic. Furthermore, we ourselves have observed a higher cumulative incidence of cases among the general cancer population in our centre during the first month of the pandemic 4 , with an increase in mortality 1-4 , which was even higher in patients with lung cancer, as shown in the TERAVOLT study 5 . The most common subtype of lung cancer was non-small cell carcinoma (n░=░21, 87.5%), with the majority presenting metastatic disease (n░=░14, 58.3%). In our study, we found a greater risk of mortality in diagnosed lung cancer patients with Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033204-v17d98c9 author = Yen, Wei‐Ting title = Taiwan’s COVID‐19 Management: Developmental State, Digital Governance, and State‐Society Synergy date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6583 sentences = 387 flesch = 53 summary = The country's success mainly lies in three factors: (1) reliance on the mask policy as the main disease prevention measure and the ability to quickly expand mask production capacity; (2) use of big data and technology to enhance effective implementation of disease prevention and detection measures; and (3) strong state‐society relations favoring transparency, communication, and collaboration. I then turn to the crisis management framework, discussing how the developmental state foundations and the democratic regime lead to Taiwan's success on mask policy, digital governance, and strong state-society collaboration and communication. Moreover, the capacity of a government to define and communicate the uncertainty the crisis brings is also an essential element in an effective response because collective sense-making can help increase citizens' voluntary compliance. Specifically, during COVID-19, digital governance helped improve disease detection through integrated databases of people's health records and travel history, through more accurate contact tracing, and through active surveillance tracking for people under quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033401-0o1g1924 author = Jerry II, Robert H title = COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6591 sentences = 310 flesch = 49 summary = 62 Effective April 17, 2020, Wisconsin grants immunity to health care providers -for the death of or injury to any individual or any damages caused by actions or omissions‖ that were provided during the COVID-19 state of emergency or up to 60 days after its termination if such acts or omissions are rendered pursuant to the -direction, guidance, recommendation, or other statement made by a federal, state, or local official to address or in response to the emergency or disaster.‖ Wis. Stat. Cuomo of New York, which, among other things, extended immunity to physicians and other health care providers from -civil liability for any injury or death alleged to have been sustained directly as a result of an act or omission by such medical professional in the course of providing medical services in support of the State's response to the COVID-19 outbreak‖ unless it was cache = ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032383-2dqpxumn author = Shuja, Junaid title = COVID-19 open source data sets: a comprehensive survey date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16201 sentences = 980 flesch = 52 summary = Our survey is motivated by the open source efforts that can be mainly categorized as (a) COVID-19 diagnosis from CT scans, X-ray images, and cough sounds, (b) COVID-19 case reporting, transmission estimation, and prognosis from epidemiological, demographic, and mobility data, (c) COVID-19 emotional and sentiment analysis from social media, and (d) knowledge-based discovery and semantic analysis from the collection of scholarly articles covering COVID-19. Automated CT scan based COVID-19 detection techniques work with training the learning model on existing CT scan data sets that contain labeled images of COVID-19 positive and normal cases. Triggered by this challenge limiting the adoption of AI/ML-powered COVID-19 diagnosis, forecasting, and mitigation, we make the first effort in surveying research works based on open source data sets concerning COVID-19 pandemic. The authors enlist the application of deep and transfer learning on their extracted data set for identification of COVID-19 while utilizing motivation from earlier studies that learned the type of pneumonia from similar images [47] . cache = ./cache/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033833-woref5g8 author = Fragoso-Saavedra, Sergio title = A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2754 sentences = 151 flesch = 42 summary = title: A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol METHODS: A parallel-group, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide 60 mg/day P.O. to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Exclusion criteria include one or more of the following: allergy to pyridostigmine; pregnancy or breastfeeding status; concomitant autoimmune disease; diagnosed immunodeficiencies (including HIV infection); need for mechanical ventilation, admission to the ICU, or meeting criteria for septic shock before providing signed, informed consent; inability to receive orally or enterally administered drugs; use of immunosuppressants or immune-modulators (including chemotherapy and corticosteroids) in the preceding 28-day period unless recommended by the treatment medical team as part of the therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection; and participation in clinical trials of any kind in the previous 28 days. cache = ./cache/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033196-e2cejj95 author = Smart, Neil title = Colorectal Surgery in the time of Covid 19 date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 912 sentences = 46 flesch = 58 summary = Set against this backdrop, patients with colorectal conditions both benign and malignant continue to have health needs that must be met in a timely fashion or they face becoming collateral damage in health systems that were never designed to function on a crisis setting for longer than a few months. Estimates for NHS England include increased deaths from colorectal cancer of 15-16% due to the Covid 19 pandemic [4] . We will have to adapt to its presence within our communities and implement systems and processes within our health services that allow patients with colorectal problems to receive the care and surgery they require. The challenges for colorectal services that are this generation's to solve in the most inclement of circumstances are likely to provide real dividends for our patients in the long-term. cache = ./cache/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032929-hqfzlddn author = Ciftci, Bahadir title = May regional anesthesia be a better choice for the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 844 sentences = 73 flesch = 51 summary = In this report, we would like to share our regional anesthesia experiences in patients under investigation for COVID-19 that underwent surgery. According to practice recommendations on neuraxial anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA) (https://www.asra.com/page/2905/practice-recommendations-on-neuraxial-anesthesia-and-peripheral-nerveblocks-dur), we preferred regional anesthesia over general anesthesia for these patients to reduce the need for airway manipulation. The blocks were performed in the operating room prepared for just COVID-19 or COVID-19-suspected patients. These techniques are also the cornerstones for any patient suspected to be COVID-19 positive. In summary, regional anesthesia techniques may be safer for both anesthesiologists and 2019-nCoV patients, if the required precautions are taken. Regional anesthesia in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic Not applicable.Authors' contributions BC: writing, literature scanning, study design, data. cache = ./cache/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033420-pjtyv0pv author = Kalokairinou, Louiza title = The promise of direct-to-consumer COVID-19 testing: ethical and regulatory issues date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6322 sentences = 310 flesch = 48 summary = Although the provision of DTC tests has potential benefits—such as expanding access to testing and reducing the risk of exposure for consumers and medical personnel—it also raises significant ethical and regulatory concerns. The second part discusses five primary issues for DTC COVID-19 tests: test accuracy; potential misinterpretation of results; misleading claims and other misinformation; privacy concerns; and fair allocation of scarce resources. The second part identifies five primary ethical and regulatory issues for DTC COVID-19 tests: uncertainty over the accuracy of test results; potential misinterpretation of test results by users; misleading product promotion and misinformation; privacy concerns; and fair allocation of scarce resources. We conclude with recommendations for regulators, companies, and other relevant stakeholders that can help ensure high-quality, accurate, and equitably distributed COVID-19 tests, and inform the ethical provision of DTC health tests during public health crises. cache = ./cache/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033656-ivp3lchc author = Lim, Seok Mei title = Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on COVID-19 Negative Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 850 sentences = 69 flesch = 55 summary = As public health policymakers try to control the pandemic by focusing resources on COVID-19, the general population fear contracting coronavirus from hospitals, resulting in changes in their healthcare seeking behaviour. We describe two cases demonstrating the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 to our geriatric patients in Singapore who have sustained hip fractures. A study done in the United States demonstrated that up to one-third of patients have delayed seeking medical care in the ED due to COVID-19 fears (3). Case 1's access to Orthopedic opinion and surgical intervention was hampered by her fear of contracting COVID-19 from the hospital. Logistical COVID-19 related arrangements with redistribution of healthcare workers and resources had contributed to Case 2's delay in diagnosis and subsequent access to Orthopedic services. Studies have illustrated that COVID-19 positive cases with hip fractures have higher mortality rates (5) . cache = ./cache/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033820-3u3uybnt author = Rashid, Alina title = Pandemic anxiety and its correlates among young doctors working frontline in Pakistan date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2833 sentences = 155 flesch = 48 summary = Shortage and excessive reuse of personal protective equipment, direct exposure to the disease, concern for personal safety, fear and apprehension of being a probable disease carrier for families, physical distancing from loved ones, long working hours, and increased organizational responsibility altered the quality of life for doctors working frontline toward pandemic in COVID wards. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect on psychological health, personal and social life, and increased professional demands have been some of the major challenges and threats faced by young doctors working frontline toward the pandemic. Therefore, this study explores what it means for young doctors in Pakistan to work frontline toward pandemic, to get in-depth understanding into their psychological, personal, social and occupational state. This study explored how working frontline in the wake of COVID-19 translated for young resident doctors and what effect it had on their personal, professional, psychological, and social life. cache = ./cache/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033329-gi0mug1p author = Montesi, Michela title = Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8281 sentences = 362 flesch = 43 summary = A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). An important part of the research has focused on the analysis of all kinds of information spread via social media (Cinelli et al., 2020; Ferrara, 2020; Singh et al., 2020) , whilst others have suggested interventions for improving news and science literacy as empowering tools for users to identify, consume and share high-quality information (Vraga et al., 2020b) . In this research, a sample of fake news items collected by the Maldita.es project during the Covid-19 health crisis in Spain was classified according to the criteria of authority, interactivity, theme and potential danger. cache = ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034058-8lokg6hs author = Kim, In Kyung title = The impact of social distancing on box-office revenue: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7847 sentences = 404 flesch = 60 summary = In this paper, I study the short-run effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 outbreak on movie demand and box-office revenue. Using multi-market data from the first week of January 2017 to the third week of February 2020, I first estimate a nested logit model of movie demand similar to those considered in the previous literature (Einav 2007; Moul 2007; Leung et al. Following these works, in this paper I consider the nested logit framework for movie demand estimation, but unlike them, I use multi-market data that allow me to estimate the varying effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on consumer utility and ticket sales in different markets. In this paper, I study the short-run impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Korean movie theater industry through the change in consumer behavior, quantifying the revenue loss due to consumers' voluntary social distancing practices during the first five weeks after the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033827-ex1ahuc6 author = Brooks, Deborah Jordan title = Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2477 sentences = 117 flesch = 51 summary = We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. We find that women tend to share distinctive perspectives regarding COVID-19 that emphasize caution far more than is the case for their male counterparts, and we show that the gender difference tracks across political parties. In light of the poor representation of women among decision makers in most U.S. industries and in politics, the results of this analysis suggest that regulations about COVID-19-related issues are likely to be less focused on the protection of individuals from the coronavirus than might otherwise be the case if women were equally represented in leadership roles in the United States. As a result, we examine whether there is a gender gap among workers regarding responses to COVID-19 and, in turn, whether differences exist between workplace leaders versus nonleader employees. cache = ./cache/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034398-g09usvbs author = Kumar, Santhi Iyer title = Filling the Bench: Faculty Surge Deployment in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1320 sentences = 67 flesch = 55 summary = To prepare for Covid-19 surges, a medical center surveys its entire medical staff to gauge each physician's ability and willingness to care for Covid-19 patients, and uses the results to provide additional training and devise a deployment plan. Using survey information, division chiefs were asked to rank each faculty member from 1 through 6 in each of the care domains based on the individual's suitability. To ensure faculty members would be successful in their area of deployment, the hospitalists and intensivists created orientations to the Covid-19 patient care areas and designed processes and protocols that would support physicians unfamiliar with those clinical spaces. Each week, division chiefs provide a list of faculty members who are available for "surge duty." In order to minimize the stress of having to learn new and evolving Covid-related processes at each of the institutions, faculty were assigned to be deployed in the health system where they felt most comfortable and practiced most often. cache = ./cache/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033882-uts6wfqw author = Khakharia, Aman title = Outbreak Prediction of COVID-19 for Dense and Populated Countries Using Machine Learning date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5853 sentences = 381 flesch = 64 summary = The proposed prediction models forecast the count of new cases likely to arise for successive 5 days using 9 different machine learning algorithms. A set of models for predicting the rise in new cases, having an average accuracy of 87.9% ± 3.9% was developed for 10 high population and high density countries. The data on the spread of COVID-19 in the top 10 densely populated countries, viz., India, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Pakistan, China, Philippines, Germany, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were analyzed. The best outbreak prediction model was selected for each country depending on the accuracy values obtained decisions. Let us represent the Prediction plots for the number of COVID-19 patients that would rise in the next 5 days for some countries, where an exponential increase in the curve is expected or the rise in the cases would remain constant. cache = ./cache/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034156-adcnahpn author = Kim, Michael G. title = Fatal Cerebral Edema in a Child with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 837 sentences = 62 flesch = 51 summary = Many patients with the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) associated with COVID-19 present without respiratory symptoms. [1, 2] We present a pediatric patient with COVID-19 who experienced rapid neurologic deterioration, diffuse cerebral edema, and ultimately brain death secondary to PMIS. His serum inflammatory labs showed a normal procalcitonin, ferritin, and white blood cell count, but had an elevated C-reactive protein of 13 mg/dL (0.00-0.50 mg/dL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 38 mm/hr (0-15 mm/hr), and Ddimer of 6.54 mg/L (<0.59 mg/L). [3, 4] An overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause vascular injury, cell death, and increased vascular permeability, which could account for the cerebral edema in our patient. It is unclear why PMIS presents in a delayed fashion in pediatric patients who otherwise J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Kim 4 did not manifest the early stages of COVID-19. Pediatric COVID-associated Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS) cache = ./cache/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033714-rz5unqaz author = Gupte, Jaideep title = COVID-19: what is not being addressed date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8226 sentences = 431 flesch = 51 summary = The visualization of informal settlements in many COVID-19 discussions, however, is of homogenous highdensity inner-city shacks, with insufficient attention given to lowerdensity settlements (more likely to have urban agriculture) that may also face health and economic emergencies. (46) The wealth of grassroots responses to COVID-19 is elaborated by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), which has drawn on experiences from across its partners in the global South, who provide evidence of local groups stepping in to reduce health risks and provide emergency access to food and hygiene. Meanwhile, the vast majority of urban poor communities (85%) reported government-provided "palliatives" intended for the vulnerable had not reached them." (68) Similar findings are evident in Brazil where, for example, low-income favela residents in São Paulo are not receiving the monthly emergency basic income payment (worth US$ 115), despite the shutdown by the city authorities of informal trading on 15 April 2020. Local response in health emergencies: key considerations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal urban settlements cache = ./cache/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033780-184e64tr author = Smith, Rasheid title = Implications of current and future approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 testing date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3266 sentences = 154 flesch = 44 summary = The current reality is that SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible airborne disease with a broad presentation of symptoms and leaves lasting damage in severe cases, and for which there is a scarcity of effective medications to treat it. Using the cycle threshold value in this manner only informs as to the presence of the virus and may not reveal disease progression, severity and viral load in the sample; and as such the results are largely qualitative despite the inherent quantitative nature of real-time RT-PCR [27] . Nevertheless, initial studies have demonstrated that chest CT imaging is more accurate than RT-PCR at detecting SARS-CoV-2 patients [32] with 97.2% versus 83% in the early stages of infection [33] . Immunoassays (antibody serum tests), such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), are used to detect the presence of serum antibodies (either IgA, IgG or IgM) to viral proteins and can indicate when a person has developed an immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor cache = ./cache/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034289-6y4437ah author = Xiao, Zhenxu title = Management of people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey among epileptologists in China date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2568 sentences = 140 flesch = 54 summary = The survey questions to each board member included: (1) the number of patients for consultation (including clinical consultation and other forms of teleconsultation); (2) the proportion of telephone/internet-based consultation; (3) the proportions of new presentations and regular case reviews (follow-ups) in all patients (including face-to-face clinic patients and telemedical patients); (4) the proportions of patients with increased episodes of seizures, with status epilepticus, and with aggravated psychological disorders, among the regular case reviews; (5) the proportion of patients who should but did not come for regular case review; and (6) the proportion of patients who were unable to obtain anti-seizure medications (ASMs). The consensus on the impacting factors for epilepsy care during the COVID-19 epidemic (Fig. 1 ) may explain the poor management of epilepsy in China, reflected by the finding that patients in the high-risk area were more likely to have increased episodes of seizure and aggravation of psychological disorders (Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034181-ji4empe6 author = Saqib, Mohd title = Forecasting COVID-19 outbreak progression using hybrid polynomial-Bayesian ridge regression model date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4637 sentences = 277 flesch = 55 summary = The model is formulated using Bayesian Ridge Regression hybridized with an n-degree Polynomial and uses probabilistic distribution to estimate the value of the dependent variable instead of using traditional methods. Furthermore, one issue occurs when working with time-series data (as COVID-19 confirmed cases) is over-fitting particularly when estimating models with large numbers of parameters over relatively short periods and the solution to the over-fitting problem, is to take a Bayesian approach (using Ridge Regularization) which allows us to impose certain priors on depended variables [26] . In the Bayesian regression approach, we can take into account Other models are developed with good accuracy but as well as data become available, those entire algorithms will not able to survive without a few evaluations due to the dynamic nature of pandemic escalation of the COVID-19 but the proposed model corrects the distributions for model parameters and forecasting results using parameters distributions. cache = ./cache/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033759-cjxzenld author = Kang, Jaeho title = The Media Spectacle of a Techno-City: COVID-19 and the South Korean Experience of the State of Emergency date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4547 sentences = 232 flesch = 54 summary = Analyzing the intensification of surveillance and the rapid datafication of society, this essay argues that the current state of emergency is not a breakdown of normality but a continuation of the state of crisis and disaster that rules a developing country like South Korea. 7 Les Echos, the oldest French financial newspaper, featured an opinion column arguing that the French government should not sacrifice individual freedoms by adopting the tracking measures deployed by South Korea, a totalitarian country with "a culture of hyper-surveillance and denunciation." 8 The Asia Times, a Hong Kong-based news platform, stressed that Confucian Asian countries were winning the war against COVID-19 while Western countries were losing the battle with "fear, panic and hysteria." 9 The portrayal of Korea as a Confucian patriarchal country-that is, a hierarchical, homogeneous, monolithic, traditional, and collectivist society in Asia-is not only found in media outlets but also resonates in a more sophisticated and philosophical way among prominent intellectuals. cache = ./cache/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034443-rptylxmw author = Morley, John E. title = COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1789 sentences = 124 flesch = 45 summary = Older persons who underwent lockdown with the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have decreased their exercise and developed sarcopenia. In view of the multiple complications associated with "long Covid" it is essential that during recovery older persons are carefully followed by physicians and other health professionals. It is suggested that at discharge from hospital and at 3 months discharge from hospital all COVID-19 patients are screened for frailty with the FRAIL test (48) (49) (50) (51) , sarcopenia with the SARC-F (52-55), anorexia with the SNAQ (56, 57) and cognitive failure with the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) (58) . The association between frailty and severe disease among COVID-19 patients aged over 60 years in China: A prospective cohort study Increased risk of acute stroke among patient with severe COVID-19: A multicenter study and meta-analysis Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033854-pub3lhiv author = van Zanten, Jan Anton title = Beyond COVID-19: Applying “SDG logics” for resilient transformations date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8399 sentences = 417 flesch = 48 summary = The SDG agenda provides three 'logics' that could help transform towards sustainable societies: (1) a governance logic that sets goals, adopts policies, and tracks progress to steer impacts; (2) a systems (nexus) logic that manages SDG interactions; and (3) a strategic logic that enables (micro-level) companies to develop strategies that impact (macro-level) policy goals. Following complexity/wicked problems theory, we argue that the paradox, and thus a systemic crisis like COVID-19, cannot be resolved, but needs to be navigated along three lines: (1) a governance challenge: how to fill a multitude of global governance gaps in an increasingly volatile and uncertain (VUCA) world to increase the speed with which pandemics can be addressed; (2) a systems challenge: how to take the systemic nature of the pandemic into account without simplifying it too much; and (3) a strategic challenge: how to align countries' and companies' strategies to advance resilient and sustainable societies. cache = ./cache/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034135-c3hjkcyh author = Valin, J.P. title = Physician Executives Guide a Successful Covid-19 Response in Colorado date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2087 sentences = 80 flesch = 43 summary = Chief medical officers (CMOs) of seven health care systems collaborated to lead Colorado through the Covid-19 surge by harnessing the four "superpowers" of perspective, partnership, patient advocacy, and peer support. Together, in caring for 6,329 hospitalized Covid-19 patients, the CMO group provided 60,188 patient-days of care, with 17,407 ventilators days.3 The knowledge and experience derived from the collective years of clinical practice, along with firsthand experience of directly caring for acutely ill hospitalized Covid-19 patients in our hospitals during this first wave, provided irreplaceable expert insight as the CMOs contemplated the larger system and state-level challenges that needed to be addressed.4 In their roles as administrators and members of their incident command teams, each CMO also had access to real-time data about Covid-19 patients within their system, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, intensive care needs, and mechanical ventilation. The CMOs effectively worked together to ensure that Colorado hospitals had sufficient resources, including staff, critical care medications, inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) beds, PPE, and mechanical ventilators to provide care for the surge of 4,000 critically ill patients that was predicted for our state. cache = ./cache/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034438-9kdmljoq author = Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. title = Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4719 sentences = 245 flesch = 42 summary = title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms ('COVID-19', 'coronavirus', 'aging', 'older people', 'elderly', 'social isolation' and 'quarantine') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults. cache = ./cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033982-3slubbaf author = Avellanas Chavala, M.L. title = Pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19() date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1281 sentences = 95 flesch = 54 summary = 1 Experts from 32 centers specialized in the management of PAH from the United States gave their answers to an electronic survey sent by the Pulmonary Hypertension Association and only reported on 13 cases treated of which only 1 patient did. 2 questioned several things, among them, if PAH and its preexisting pulmonary vasculopathy could be protecting these highrisk patients, whether an impaired pulmonary endothelium could be the cause of a significant impairment of the inflammatory response, and if hypoxemia played a role in viral replication. Nitric oxide (NO), adrenomedullin, and adenosine (Table 1 ) are among the gene products regulated by HIF-1 thanks to their properties and physiological effects. 2 on the low incidence and mortality rate of patients with PAH during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic Could pulmonary arterial hypertension patients be at a lower risk from severe COVID-19? cache = ./cache/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034373-7v7r44do author = Stevens, Jennifer P. title = Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2335 sentences = 112 flesch = 51 summary = As described by Sargut and McGrath, one of the biggest challenges health care leaders face in dealing with complex systems is the "vantage point" problem,1 where the individual actors and leaders are unable to truly see the whole,2 especially in rare events like Covid-19. While these systems primarily create a shared mental model for action, resource demands, and communications, they also bring to the fore additional voices and vantage points for managing health care delivery beyond the bounds of the immediate surge, including which metrics to follow and how to evaluate data. Finally, as health care systems face increasing shifts in the pandemic, we propose identifying forecasting tools that provide opportunities to learn about the complex system of our health care environment and Covid-19 itself, rather than depending on unrealistic assumptions. The result is a forecasting model that leverages the principles of complexity to guide hospital leadership, providing weekly updates to a group of health care leaders about how and when a new surge of infections may arrive.12 cache = ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033974-0rzi7x22 author = Boyd, Rhea W title = In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1426 sentences = 101 flesch = 64 summary = In terms of health, the current US administration has intentionally lied about the grave risks of COVID-19, failed to implement a coherent national pandemic strategy, hamstrung and underfunded public health agencies, initiated the process to withdraw the USA from WHO, reversed and weakened health regulations, attacked abortion and contraception access, eroded transgender health protections, and aired racist, anti-Asian, antiscience views. 11 The age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate among Black and Indigenous communities and people of colour in the USA is up to three times higher than among non-Hispanic white populations. 12 Latinx and Black children account for an astounding 74% of COVID-19 deaths among people aged 21 years and younger in the USA. 14 And every untimely death has occurred within the nation that spends more money on health care than any other country in the world. Deaths involving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by race and Hispanic origin and age, by state cache = ./cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034371-j3xxmkjd author = Schellack, Natalie title = COVID-19: Guidelines for pharmacists in South Africa date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5039 sentences = 344 flesch = 54 summary = This evidence-based review is aimed at providing guidance for pharmacists in community, hospital and other settings in South Africa, on the management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. • Epidemiology • The virus, its modes of transmission and incubation period • Symptom identification, including the differentiation between influenza, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and COVID-19 • Social media myths and misinformation • Treatment guidelines and medicines that may need to be kept in stock • Treatment and prevention options, including an update on vaccine development • The case for and against the use of NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19 • Interventions and patient counselling by the pharmacist. The current NDoH/NICD guidelines do not recommend the use of chloroquine (CQ)/ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), due to insufficient evidence, in the treatment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034466-e6kg0yx9 author = Al-Zaidi, Haider Majid Haider title = Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1691 sentences = 109 flesch = 60 summary = title: Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients BACKGROUND: This study aims to find the chemosensitive dysfunction incidence in COVID-19-positive patients and its recovery. Many other recent studies found that smell and taste dysfunctions are seen frequently in COVID-19 patients [4] . All these 12/65 (18.46%) patients confirmed that they had no symptoms other than loss of sense of smell before they were tested for COVID-19, and 10/65 (15.38%) patients had taste loss in addition (Fig. 1) . In this study, chemosensitive dysfunction appeared in high percentage of the COVID-19 patients, 89.23% of patients had smell dysfunction and 83.08% had taste dysfunction [2, 6] . Sudden isolated chemosensitive dysfunction appeared in 18.46% and 15.38% for anosmia and taste loss, respectively. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study cache = ./cache/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034157-uif9xtvl author = Ortoleva, Jamel title = Anesthetic Considerations for Recovered COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1243 sentences = 78 flesch = 34 summary = Multiple considerations exist for anesthesiologists including residual pulmonary dysfunction, lingering sequelae of arterial and venous embolic phenomena with associated anti-coagulation, myocardial dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency from corticosteroid courses, neurologic manifestations, and residual neuromuscular weakness in the subset of critically ill patients. [2] [3] [4] Preliminary reports of patients recovering from COVID-19 find residual shortness of breath and deranged pulmonary function tests suggestive of restrictive lung disease. If surgery is time sensitive but not emergent (such as in malignancy), it is reasonable to obtain pulmonary function tests to classify residual lung pathology in order to guide intraoperative and potentially post-operative ventilator management. Due to a high likelihood of receiving steroid treatment, clinicians should consider the use of stress dose corticosteroids (100mg of hydrocortisone followed by 50mg every six hours) in patients recovered from COVID-19 if other, more common, causes of persistent hypotension are ruled out. cache = ./cache/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034517-ygiqrmbw author = Wieland, Mark L. title = Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 155 flesch = 34 summary = A risk communication framework was implemented by a community-engaged research (CEnR) partnership in Southeast Minnesota to address COVID-19 prevention, testing, and socioeconomic impacts. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a CEnR health partnership with vulnerable populations leveraging its social networks, credibility, and technical expertise to promote bidirectional crisis and emergency risk communication for the COVID-19 pandemic. Community and academic partners from Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (RHCP), a CEnR partnership with a 15-year history of participatory research with immigrant populations in Southeast Minnesota [9] , adopted the CDC Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication framework for co-creation of an intervention framework aimed at populations with limited English proficiency. This study describes the ways an existing CEnR partnership leveraged its credibility and trust with vulnerable populations for risk communication in the COVID-19 pandemic. By leveraging existing networks and credibility, CEnR partnerships may effectively implement crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034495-gvtv8o96 author = Hussain, Kashif title = Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2653 sentences = 144 flesch = 44 summary = All over the world, especially in the developed countries pharmacists have responded smartly and speedily for public health, such as establishing professional protective and service guidance for pharmacy staff and services, creating and updating drug formularies, addressing the issues of drug shortages, providing public education for prevention and management of infection, contributing in drug evaluation and clinical trials. In a tertiary care hospital pharmacy, along with the other approaches and responses in pandemic crises such as supply of emergency medications according to the treatment guidelines and resolving drug shortage, it is also required to provide and continue the event-driven pharmaceutical care. The role of clinical pharmacist demands to evaluate the recent literature and published guidelines of these off-label used medications as the associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of few of the offlabel used drugs include flu-like symptoms, fever, and fatigue, which are actual symptoms of the COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034195-yiv8rp7y author = Guhan, Samantha M. title = COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 545 sentences = 42 flesch = 55 summary = authors: Guhan, Samantha M.; Nathan, Neera R.; Raef, Haya; Cavanaugh-Hussey, Margaret; Tan, Jennifer K. title: COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of 1 patients experiencing homelessness 2 3 We hypothesized that dermatologists can further aid this population by mobilizing 57 critical supplies commonly found in our offices and using the generosity of local companies to 58 create COVID-19 care kits, which contain items necessary to protect PEH from disease. 61 62 Prior to supply collection, local shelters were contacted to identify the most useful items to 63 patients. 76 77 Building upon relationships we already have as dermatologists, we were able to create a COVID-78 19 kit donation program that provided PEH with necessary supplies to minimize the spread of 79 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034629-uusqhsnf author = Eufemia, Luca title = Peacebuilding in times of COVID-19: risk-adapted strategies of cooperation and development projects date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3415 sentences = 181 flesch = 36 summary = The lack of funding, the low degrees of political K and policy processes at the regional and local level, methodological inconsistencies in the design of participatory approaches and the increased violence against community leaders are preventing the effective implementations of these programs and their cooperation with CDPs. Notwithstanding these developments, COVID-19 also provides opportunities to promote peace and to advance peacebuilding. An interview protocol was developed to guide semi-structured interviews with project managers and stakeholders of Colombian CDPs. The questionnaire comprises four main blocks: (i) context: expertise (e.g. peace-related, national, and international) gender, and age; (ii) information about the reference CDP: scale (e.g. local, regional, or national), duration, approximate funding, project role, and project team; (iii) the perceived impact of COVID-19 on project implementation: immediate perception of issue extent, proximity, immediate responses, first effects, and perception regarding governmental responses at all levels (local, regional, and national), as well as of funding agencies and direct donors; and (iv) risk-adapted strategies: evaluation of existing strategies, adoption of new strategies and assets, and the future outlook on desirable risk-adapted strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034603-9gso0zib author = Dungar, Keval Dhanji title = Can surgery continue safely during a pandemic? A commentary on “Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study” date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 891 sentences = 59 flesch = 56 summary = A commentary on "Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study" We read with great interest the quality improvement study by Philouze et al [1] which detailed the organisation of the institution during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allowed diversion of maximal resources to manage the surge in COVID-19 cases whilst ensuring emergency, oncological and transplantation surgeries were able to continue. The study demonstrated that with stringent screening protocols, clear pathways to manage proven and suspected COVID positive patients, as well as strict compliance with infection control and personal protective equipment (PPE), surgery was safely carried out during the pandemic. A UK study showed that using 'COVID-19 free' hospitals, where the patients were neither suspected nor proven to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus, enabled safe elective surgery to proceed without serious adverse outcomes [4] . Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study cache = ./cache/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034660-g28qmyh8 author = Sciamanna, Christopher title = Using Persuasion Science to Improve COVID-19 Contact Tracing date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1373 sentences = 72 flesch = 60 summary = Since its first call with a COVID-19 patient ("case") on March 27, the Contact Tracing program at Penn State Health, previously described in this journal 1 , has completed calls with 87% of all cases. In New York City, only 42% of people with COVID-19 gave information about close contacts to tracers 3 , whereas Penn State Health's success rate in this regard is 62.5% since its inception. Hi, this is _____ calling from Penn State Health (Designed to incorporate the tactics of conveying expertise and trustworthiness of a health care provider and University, on the one hand, which increases a communicator's influence and enhancing feelings of unity of place, on the other, which increases survey participation 4 ). We would also like to talk to you about your own quarantining measures and ways that we may be able to help (Designed to incorporate the tactic of reciprocity, in which people feel obligated to help to those who seek to help them and their close others 8 ). cache = ./cache/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034435-yp0gfl47 author = Medetalibeyoglu, A. title = Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4764 sentences = 224 flesch = 47 summary = We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. The Data are given as median (interquartile range) for the continuous variables and as counts (%) for the categorical variables; The cut-offs of the laboratory parameters were designated by † the local laboratory thresholds and ‡ the suggestion of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 issued by the Turkish National Scientific Committee directed by the Turkish Ministry of Health (17); Admission laboratory studies were selected to be included here based on their relevance to the characterization of Covid-19 patients (5); CT: computerized tomography, ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, TnT: high sensitive troponin T; *statistically significant median age for older adults (≥65 years) was 73 years (IQR, 68-81 range, 65-90). cache = ./cache/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034689-se1hdn61 author = Smith, David L. title = A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2913 sentences = 156 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSION: The presence of patchy and/or confluent, bandlike ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis. The characteristic COVID-19 pattern ( Fig. 2-4) was defined in accordance with the prevailingly accepted chest imaging findings of COVID-19 in recent literature [2, 12, 20, 24, 25, [27] [28] [29] including the presence of bilateral "patchy" or "confluent, bandlike" ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution. The presence of bilateral "patchy" and/or "confluent, bandlike" ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis, especially when rapid and reliable serologic testing is lacking. cache = ./cache/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034614-r429idtl author = Yasar, Huseyin title = A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7750 sentences = 385 flesch = 60 summary = title: A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks In this study, which aims at early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease using X-ray images, the deep-learning approach, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence method, was used, and automatic classification of images was performed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Within the scope of the study, the results were obtained using chest X-ray images directly in the training-test procedures and the sub-band images obtained by applying dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to the above-mentioned images. In the study, experiments were carried out for the use of images directly, using local binary pattern (LBP) as a pre-process and dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) as a secondary operation, and the results of the automatic classification were calculated separately. cache = ./cache/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034436-yhb8m1si author = Abdulah, Deldar Morad title = Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3994 sentences = 224 flesch = 51 summary = We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. The present study showed that the crude infection rate by COVID-19 has been increased by raising consuming fruits, calcium and decreased with increasing consuming beans and legumes. Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034814-flp6s0wd author = Lamsal, Rabindra title = Design and analysis of a large-scale COVID-19 tweets dataset date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5515 sentences = 341 flesch = 58 summary = This paper presents COV19Tweets Dataset (Lamsal 2020a), a large-scale Twitter dataset with more than 310 million COVID-19 specific English language tweets and their sentiment scores. The amount of data can range from hundreds This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Artificial Intelligence Applications for COVID-19, Detection, Control, Prediction, and Diagnosis Rabindra Lamsal rabindralamsal@outlook.com 1 be (i) trimmed [38] or summarized [36, 40, 41, 50] and sent to the relevant department for further analysis, (ii) used for sketching alert-level heat maps based on the location information contained within the tweet metadata or the tweet body. A study [1] analyzed 2.8 million COVID-19 specific tweets collected between February 2, 2020, and March 15, 2020, using frequencies of unigrams and bigrams, and performed sentiment analysis and topic modeling to identify Twitter users' interaction rate per topic. Multiple studies have performed social network analysis on Twitter data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035016-ipv8npdy author = Torreele, Els title = Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5574 sentences = 203 flesch = 39 summary = Touted by many as a major tour de force, the ongoing 'race' towards a vaccine is also exposing the intrinsic deficiencies of relying on for-profit pharmaceutical companies, that are governed by trade rules, financial speculation and market competition, to ensure the development of essential health technologies. This is antithetical to a collective intelligence effort that would allow scientists all over the world to creatively combine the best elements of our medical knowledge and technological advances into a diverse and innovative portfolio of vaccine candidates with the best chance to achieve our common public health goal (Torreele 2020b) . 5 A milestone resolution on transparency around medical R&D was passed at the 2019 World Health Assembly (Fletcher 2019 ), yet governments so far have failed to implement these commitments, despite huge financial investments in COVID-19 R&D that could have been used as leverage to demand transparency on scientific methods and data, as well as clinical trial costs, and set performance targets for the vaccines. cache = ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034690-x8lkngra author = Ridge, Carole A title = Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography (DECTPA) Quantifies Vasculopathy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3213 sentences = 178 flesch = 46 summary = Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfused blood volume (PBV) maps recorded: i) perfusion defect 'pattern' (wedge-shaped, mottled or amorphous), ii) presence of PT and CT obstruction index (CTOI) and iii) PBV relative to pulmonary artery enhancement (PBV/PAenh); PBV/PAenh was also compared with seven healthy volunteers and correlated with D-Dimer and CTOI. Accordingly, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the relationships between a quantitative measure of perfusion on DECTPA (relative perfused blood volume, PBV/PAenh) (22) , and i) disease duration, ii) right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography iii) Ddimer levels and (iv) obstruction score (23) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This early data demonstrated perfusion defects on perfused blood volume (PBV) maps, when available, as well as the presence of vascular dilatation on conventional CT, hypercoagulability and an increased dead space in 39 patients suggesting that pulmonary angiopathy was accountable for hypoxia observed in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035023-kviogc6h author = Harrison, Stephanie L. title = End-Stage Renal Disease and 30-day Mortality for Adults with and without COVID-19 date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1411 sentences = 84 flesch = 51 summary = Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare 30-day mortality for people with ESRD and COVID-19 (cases) to matched people with ESRD before the COVID-19 pandemic (historical controls). The study data were provided by TriNetX, a global federated health research network with access to electronic medical records (EMRs) from participating healthcare organisations, including academic medical centres, specialty physician practices and community hospitals, predominately in the United States (US). Cases were aged ≥18 years with COVID-19 and ESRD (ICD-10-CM code N18.6) recorded in EMRs between January 20, 2020 (date COVID-19 first confirmed in the US) [5] and October 3, 2020 (to allow for at least 30 days follow-up for all included patients). The current study of over 1700 people with ESRD showed that COVID-19 infection was associated with significantly higher 30-day mortality when compared to propensity score matched patients without COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034942-ezwt39rq author = Asayama, Shinichiro title = Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 238 flesch = 53 summary = Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. While climate change and global pandemic can be equally understood as great challenges in the Anthropocene, their manifestation has been pronounced differently due to a difference in disciplinary concerns between environmental sustainability research and public health research. Both climate change and the coronavirus pandemic attest to the fact that we are now living in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has caused a significant change in the global environment. cache = ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author = nan title = Corrigenda date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 264 sentences = 27 flesch = 45 summary = key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan cord_uid: ygtbuy4k This is highlighted by preliminary findings in a recent study demonstrating the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, but showing no benefit in those not requiring respiratory support. 4 Furthermore, our study 5 demonstrated a ''dose-response,'' with greater degrees of respiratory allergy being associated with larger reductions in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in the nasal epithelium, and the impact of suppressing type 2 inflammation in these individuals is not currently known. SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 The names were shown as Gregori Silvia, PhD, and Aiuti Alessandro, MD, PhD. The first and last names of both authors were inadvertently reversed and should be Silvia Gregori cache = ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035020-mhs7yext author = Simadibrata, Daniel Martin title = Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3249 sentences = 200 flesch = 50 summary = title: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Research articles comparing the PLR value on admission in adult patients with COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity were included in the analysis. Therefore, this systematic review aims to review the prognostic value of PLR levels on admission to determine the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. We included cohort studies evaluating the difference in PLR levels on admission in adults (>18 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 (diagnosed using RT-PCR) categorized based on disease severity (severe and non-severe patients), and/or mortality (survivor and non-survivor). Our meta-analysis, which included a total of 998 COVID-19 patients, showed that high PLR value was associated with severe COVID-19. Six out of the seven included studies demonstrated similar results with increased PLR on admission found in severe cases of COVID-19 compared to those with mild or moderate diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034686-y0y5ltxs author = Gieraerts, Christopher title = Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3164 sentences = 173 flesch = 49 summary = title: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials PURPOSE: To compare the prognostic value and reproducibility of visual versus AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT in COVID-19 patients. AUC values from AI-assisted analysis were significantly higher than those from visual analysis for both semi-quantitative CT scores and percentages of lung involvement (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION: AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT outperformed conventional visual analysis in predicting outcome in COVID-19 patients while reducing CT variability. For quantitative percentage of lung involvement, visual analysis demonstrated excellent agreement with AI-assisted analysis without and with manual correction (ICC: 0.873 and 0.871, respectively). On the basis of the interreader variability of chest CT, we estimated sample sizes needed to detect significant decreases in lung involvement during a clinical trial ( Figure 6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034691-cw1311qg author = Grodecki, Kajetan title = Quantitative Burden of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Chest CT Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Prospective International Registry date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3690 sentences = 199 flesch = 44 summary = In multivariable regression of clinical and CT parameters, consolidation burden (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 6.9 per doubling; P = .001) and increasing GGO attenuation (OR, 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3, 8.3 per standard deviation, P = .02) were independent predictors of deterioration or death; as was C-reactive protein (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.4 per doubling; P = .004), history of heart failure (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6, P = .01), and chronic lung disease (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative burden of consolidation or GGO on chest CT independently predict clinical deterioration or death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this post-hoc analysis of a prospective, international, multicenter registry, we sought to examine the independent and incremental value of CT-derived quantitative burden and attenuation of diseased lung (GGO or consolidation) for the prediction of clinical deterioration or death in COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034952-hctfmjhv author = D'Avanzo, Barbara title = What changed in the Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards during the lockdown date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 47 flesch = 55 summary = With this background, a total of 48 internal medicine or geriatric wards among the 93 adhering to the register REPOSI [1] answered an online questionnaire aimed to investigate the characteristics and activities of converted and non-converted wards in the crucial period of the first wave of the epidemic, 22 February-4 May 2020. Rules and prescribed procedures implemented for ward conversions were fulfilled and personal protection devices for patients and professionals made available, even though they were judged fully adequate in only 40% of the CWs and 14% of the NCWS. Follow-up of patients discharged from hospital was initiated in 11 (55%) CWs and in 10 (36%) NCWs. The country distribution of the converted wards mirrors that of the pandemic and witnesses the efforts made in Italy by the internists [3] to guarantee appropriate care for those infected. Unfortunately, we collected no information on the number of patients transferred from internal medicine and geriatric ward to intensive care units. cache = ./cache/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035026-2qcsfd87 author = Ugwueze, Chidiebere V. title = COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5413 sentences = 329 flesch = 44 summary = The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of the pancreatic islet cells, drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and the lockdown policy may impact negatively on glycemic control of diabetic patients. [40] showed that the clinical outcomes in COVID-19-positive patients with coexisting diabetes and hypertension who use ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker were comparable to those not using the drugs. A clinical trial (NCT04318418) was designed to determine the effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the severity of COVID-19 infection [41] . Some authors have considered the rapidity of worsening glycemic control in stable diabetic patients with CO-VID-19 requiring the use of high insulin dose and suggested the possibility of pancreatic invasion by the SARS-CoV-2 [57, 58] . Once the entry of the virus is established, there is a downregulation of ACE2 receptor and a corresponding Ugwueze/Ezeokpo/Nnolim/Agim/ Anikpo/Onyekachi Dubai Diabetes Endocrinol J 6 DOI: 10.1159/000511354 activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is responsible for the cardiac and pulmonary complications of COVID-19 infection [75] . cache = ./cache/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035015-slgywe0c author = Nunn, Alistair V. W. title = SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14660 sentences = 715 flesch = 36 summary = Data is now showing that COVID-19 patients do have populations of T-cells displaying mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as altered mitochondrial markers in monocyteshinting that immune-metabolic phenotyping could be used to understand disease pathogenesis and possible treatments; this could include targeting mitochondria [32] . The underlying aetiology for "inflammaging" has long thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as suggested by Nick Lane in 2003 in his "double agent" theory [5] , and is now receiving renewed interest, for instance, in how decreasing mitochondrial function can reduce T-cell function and enhance immune senescence, as mitochondria are pivotal in metabolic reprogramming towards the Warburg effect [40] . Furthermore, as evidence indicates that many viruses, which most likely include SARs-CoV-2, modulate bioenergetics and redox in both the immune system and other cells they infect to enhance their own replication, they could potentially induce excessive stress in these systems if their mitochondria are already sub-optimally functional. cache = ./cache/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035038-iefkv5g7 author = Leal Filho, Walter title = COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development research date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7323 sentences = 364 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, this article analyses to what extent COVID-19 as a whole and the blockade in particular have influenced sustainability research, and it describes the action paths that researchers around the world identify for overcoming the experienced challenges and the measures that can be implemented in the future based on existing technologies. Similarly, the provision of knowledge and science in understanding disaster and health-related emergency risks, as part of the sustainability research on current strategies for disaster resilience as outlined in the SENDAI Framework, can contribute to responses to COVID-19 (Djalante et al. These questions gathered relevant information on aspects such as respondents' backgrounds, the impact of the lockdown on their work in terms of distance learning, workload and challenges faced, as well as future projections regarding the COVID-19 crisis influence on research. cache = ./cache/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035070-drt6esrk author = Cheng, Yichun title = Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3659 sentences = 220 flesch = 52 summary = title: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 We aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and in-hospital outcomes of AKI in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, which was assigned responsibility for the treatments of severe COVID-19 patients by the Wuhan government. CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was associated with high in-hospital mortality, and inflammatory response may play a role in AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We conduct a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit to assess the incidence and risk factors of AKI and its impact on in-hospital mortality. Our study was the first to confirm the high levels of IL8, IL10 and IL2R were associated with a high risk of severe AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035099-8yk0dzxf author = Brika, Marine title = Geriatric Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a Case Report date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3031 sentences = 190 flesch = 47 summary = The assessment process of this patient has been supported by an innovative multi-systemic tool developed in view of the COVID-19 clinical consequences and a systemic evaluation of motor functions by the Frail'BESTest. Aged adults who survive COVID-19 could present several frailty criteria following respiratory distress and may sometimes need to spend several days in an intensive care unit. Considering the physiotherapeutic diagnosis of Mr. P, as well as the agespecific lung physiology of the patient [26] , some cardiopulmonary rehabilitation exercises allowing both the maintenance of ventilator functions and the improvement of hematosis can be proposed. The four assessments performed by the specific COVID-19 evaluation showed an overall improvement of the patient in several functions. In our opinion, it is important to understand that the issue is not only to rescue a patient from their acute respiratory problem, but more so to prevent the functional dependency associated with the infection's consequences, especially in intensive care units where chronic diseases are frequently acquired. cache = ./cache/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035290-ungilw9s author = Rice, Louis title = After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 170 flesch = 53 summary = The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown, there are changes to the determinants of health, the diverse range of environmental, economic and social factors that impact on human wellbeing, compared to the pre-Covid period. The Covid-19 event is perhaps an appropriate juncture for 'health' to be considered as a new tenet for the urban design profession? The post-Covid-19 practice of urban design may be described as a form of 'spatial medicine' (Fig. 1) . Temporal dimension These sub-categories comprise the wide range of issues that impact on humans, the natural world and planetary health. cache = ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035067-ic843wr9 author = de Almeida, Joana Ferro Machado title = COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: what do we already know? date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5453 sentences = 336 flesch = 56 summary = Those infected may be asymptomatic, present typical symptoms (fever, dry cough and dyspnea), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) and viral RNA in stools. Information on country of origin, mean age, different comorbidities, typical symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnea, among others), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain), and the presence of viral RNA in feces, when cited, were included in this study for analysis. (19) According to the descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study (three hospitals in Hubei, China) by Pan et al., with 204 patients, in which 107 were male, mean age of 52.91±15.98 years, 103 (50.5%) reported some gastrointestinal symptom, such as lack of appetite (81; 78.6%), diarrhea (35; 34.0%), vomiting (4; 3.9%), and abdominal pain (2; 1.9%). (26) Cipriano et al., conducted a systematic review with six studies of patients from China, which points to the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract and fecal-oral transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035077-qjrokb17 author = Konstantinov, Vsevolod title = COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1971 sentences = 116 flesch = 51 summary = title: COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use Based on earlier COVID-19 research of university students in Russia and Belorussia, we hypothesize COVID-19 fear, mental health, and substance use among Kazakh university students are linked to gender and religious status. Specifically, we believe gender predicts fear level, mental health problems, and substance use; and religiosity is not a protective factor among university students in terms of COVID-19-related mental health conditions. Present findings, consistent with earlier studies in Russia and Belarus, evidence a higher level of fear among religious female students . Kazakh study results, like those from Russia and Belarus, evidence that COVID-19 does not appear to significantly affect the pattern of student substance use. Present study findings evidence that the level of substance use among Kazakh university students is lower than that reported in Russia and other countries (Isralowitz et al. cache = ./cache/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035113-bhnv2qbi author = Senapati, Apurbalal title = A novel framework for COVID-19 case prediction through piecewise regression in India date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2908 sentences = 164 flesch = 59 summary = The linear regression model has been fitted into the dataset to deal with the total number of positive cases, and the number of recoveries for different states in India such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala, Delhi and Assam. Different types of COVID-19 related issues has been addressed in this study, with the help of the piecewise regression Model, such as total number of positive cases, and the number of recoveries for different states in India such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala, Delhi and Assam. In this section, we have discussed in details of our proposed scheme based linear regression model for prediction of the number of total confirmed cases, active positive cases, and recoveries. In this study, we have proposed the piecewise linear regression based machine learning approach for the prediction of actual positive cases and recovery cases of five different states in India. cache = ./cache/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035042-umufaixr author = Inui, Shohei title = Comparison of Chest CT Grading Systems in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3945 sentences = 184 flesch = 44 summary = The published CT grading systems of chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients may facilitate both making the radiological diagnosis and smooth communication among professionals in other fields, and their applicability and validity in the clinical practice was recently reported in several studies [7, 8, 9, 10] . Those who tested negative on the initial RT-PCR and were not having a high clinical suspicion of COVID-I n p r e s s Cases included in a previous publication were excluded from the current study based on the following grounds: (1) the previous publication was used in the process of developing two of the sets of criteria (the RSNA expert consensus statement and COVID-RADS), (2) those included in the previous publication were cases from mass infection cohort under special circumstances, and (3) the purpose of this study was to compare the CT grading systems in usual clinical settings that mostly comprises community-acquired infection with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035098-zmv0ngf0 author = Li, Daqiu title = Stacked-autoencoder-based model for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT images date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5807 sentences = 358 flesch = 57 summary = & A new stacked-autoencoder-based model was proposed for COVID-19 diagnosis that can overcome the gradient disappearance and overfitting caused by deep neural network training on a small dataset to some extent. Firstly, an autoencoder is trained to obtain the input firstorder feature h1 of the original CT scan image data, as shown in Fig. 2 . Similarly, we train the convolutional network detection model on the original partitioned data sets and obtain the test results, as shown in the second row of Table 4 . From the last raw feature maps of Fig. 8 , we can see that our model can extract sample features useful for binary classification from the original CT input image after four-layer autoencoder training alone. Besides, with the release of more and more COVID-19 chest CT scan image datasets, the detection accuracy of such deep learning models as the stacked autoencoder detector will be greatly improved. cache = ./cache/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author = Sondermann, Elena title = The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4640 sentences = 226 flesch = 50 summary = In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. Through the linkage of health to "security against threats" the narrative of health security operates with a logic of exceptionalism: (external, also distant) health issues (i.e. infectious diseases) are perceived as positing severe or extraordinary danger to the physical well-being of individuals or entire societies, a threat to the normal (economic, cultural, financial) way of life in a country. This narrative of securing against infectious diseases is inherent to mainstream framing of health security and has provided the context and repertoire for emplotment regarding the Coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 is a prime example of how the logic of exceptionalism is shaping and limiting the K The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after responses to it: The range of policy choices is still primarily focused on emergency measures (see Fig. 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035138-7v92aukg author = Tognoni, Gianni title = Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5060 sentences = 229 flesch = 47 summary = Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the 'health' concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. 1 Their cumulative experience, derived from the insides of these most diverse scenarios, has provided them with a solid confirmation of what has emerged with a growing consensus also in the most prestigious 'scientific' literature, in the last 10 years: structural inequality is the direct product and the expected outcome of the mainstream models of development, which trigger a highly visible impact on the rights to health and life, and prove to be a systemic source of in-human levels of inequity (Evans 2020 ). cache = ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035176-oryjjoiw author = Detterline, Stephanie title = An internal medicine residency’s response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2440 sentences = 113 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: Our large community hospital based internal medicine residency sought to develop and evaluate a crisis response to the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic to meet our residents' educational and wellness needs. In the context of this system wide response, our IM residency program also initiated a crisis plan to meet the clinical needs of surging patient volumes as well as maintain education for our residents. We describe our residency's response to the COVID-19 crisis along with our early outcome data as a contribution to what we expect to be a new body of scholarly work: how residencies might best navigate a worldwide pandemic that creates strains on healthcare systems and GME programs. Preliminary feedback from our residents indicates an overall positive evaluation of our crisis response to meet their well-being and educational needs during the first weeks of our system's surge during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035137-uxtaw02u author = Chowdhury, Anis Z. title = Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6821 sentences = 363 flesch = 51 summary = But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe 'physical distancing', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India's Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped 'turn the tide' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide 'stay in shelter' or 'shelter in place' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. cache = ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035095-wo5fq359 author = Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo title = Pneumolysis and “Silent Hypoxemia” in COVID-19 date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2404 sentences = 158 flesch = 43 summary = We compare medical and physiological high altitude acute and chronic hypoxia experience with COVID-19 hypoxemia. At high altitude, normal low oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) levels (with intact lung tissue and adequate acid–base status) could be considered silent hypoxemia. Fifty years of experience treating patients at high altitude are useful in explaining the critical hypoxia encountered in COVID-19, causing countless deaths. Conversely, unlike pneumonia, CoV-2 induces rapid lung inflammation and alveolar-capillary destruction [6, 7] as described in a recently submitted paper: ''COVID-19 simulating extreme high-altitude exposure with altered oxygen transport physiology, multiple diseases, and scarce need of ventilators: Andean Condor' s-eye-view''. Superimposed edema, inflammatory, and immune reaction with pulmonary shunts in COVID-19 with a low hemoglobin count [9] , can aggravate hypoxemia. At sea level, post-COVID-19 patients with resulting lung fibrosis could also develop sea level poly-erythrocythemia (higher than normal hemoglobin values) [15] and reduced tolerance to exercise. cache = ./cache/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035275-lfyxbg92 author = Servotte, Jean-Christophe title = Development and implementation of an end-of-shift clinical debriefing method for emergency departments during COVID-19 date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4988 sentences = 251 flesch = 42 summary = A novel ED-based clinical debriefing tool was implemented and titled Debriefing In Situ COVID-19 to Encourage Reflection and Plus-Delta in Healthcare After Shifts End (DISCOVER-PHASE). A period of remote work with iterative feedback through four videoconferences incorporated the DISCERN tool [10, 15, 19, 21] in the Debriefing In Situ COVID-19 to Encourage Reflection and Plus-Delta in Healthcare After Shifts End (DIS-COVER-PHASE), developed the overall structure and the scripted language of the debriefing form. The first section concerning the "Background" collects demographic data, including the date and time of the debrief, team members present, debriefing facilitator name, and location of the clinical unit, as well as the number of COVID cases (confirmed and suspected) treated during the shift, any related deaths, and the clinical interventions performed by the team. This article reports on the development, format, implementation, and initial results of a clinical debriefing program after a shift ends: DISCOVER-PHASE. cache = ./cache/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035307-r74ovkbd author = Liu, Shuchang title = Attitudes towards Wildlife Consumption inside and outside Hubei Province, China, in Relation to the SARS and COVID-19 Outbreaks date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4133 sentences = 200 flesch = 54 summary = Our study results indicate over the period between the SARS epidemic to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes towards the consumption of wildlife in China have changed significantly. Therefore, our aim in this study was to determine changes in attitudes towards wildlife consumption in Chinese adults in relation to the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks with a particular focus on Hubei Province. cache = ./cache/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035210-s9t76pcz author = Kaye, Avi Gurion title = The efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab in reducing severe COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4891 sentences = 271 flesch = 44 summary = However, results from this systematic analysis of published research provide positive evidence for the potential efficacy of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19, validating the ethical basis and merit of ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials. After early evidence and recommendations against the use of corticosteroids to treat severe COVID-19 (Russell, Millar & Baillie, 2020; Alhazzani et al., 2020) , a large randomized evaluation of dexamethasone found that the drug significantly reduced 28-day mortality in patients included in the study (rate ratio 0.83; 95% CI [0.74-0.92]; p < 0.001). For the initial screening, the primary search terms were "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and "tocilizumab." Papers with primary data for a case-control study comparing mortality rate from severe COVID-19 between TCZ and standard of care (SOC) were included for data synthesis. A systematic review of the clinical data of IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) for severe COVID-19 points towards efficacy in reducing mortality from the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035230-p999nlnc author = Nikopoulou, V. A. title = Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4626 sentences = 263 flesch = 50 summary = title: Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) Altogether, although the cutoff scores of the Greek FCV-19S version were explored to further evaluate the scale's validity, they may facilitate discrimination of adults with extreme COVID-19-related fear from those with normal fear reactions. The current analysis focuses on the association between the FCV-19S scale and other variables relevant to the participants' psychological reaction to COVID-19, including anxiety, health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, SHAI Short Health Anxiety Inventory, PTSD-8 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-8 items cutoff score, indicating that intense fear has been diminished. This study provided empirical support for the scale's adequacy to assess COVID-19-related fear and determined a cutoff point of 16.5 or higher with significant predictive power for anxiety, health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. cache = ./cache/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author = Li, Xiaoran title = Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3780 sentences = 220 flesch = 48 summary = title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The performance of the DNN model yielded an AUC = 0.780 (95% CI [0.760-0.785]), sensitivity = 0.760, specificity = 0.709 and F1 score = 0.551 in predicting ICU admission for the testing set (Table 2) . Although these variables have been previously associated with COVID-19 infection, most previous studies did not rank these clinical variables, or develop predictive models or risk scores to predict ICU admission or mortality. We implemented a deep-learning algorithm and a risk score model to predict the likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035269-60im90ab author = Khalaf, Ola Osama title = Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2433 sentences = 150 flesch = 50 summary = In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, stress, and coping among a sample of Egyptian physicians using an electronic survey. It included demographic data; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21); and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The BRCS score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p = 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007 respectively). The questionnaire included demographic data; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) [12] ; and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) [17] . The Brief Resilient Coping Scale score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p = 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007, respectively) ( Table 5 ). Therefore, we can conclude that the psychological wellbeing of the studied Egyptian physicians in this sample is affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic suffering from depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035142-axyjd96e author = Zein, Joe G. title = Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 283 sentences = 23 flesch = 49 summary = key: cord-035142-axyjd96e authors: Zein, Joe G.; Whelan, Georgina; Erzurum, Serpil C. title: Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 journal: nan cord_uid: axyjd96e nan Quantifying social distancing arising from pandemic influenza Association of use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers with testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) The Guillain-Barre syndrome and the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 influenza vaccines Association between seasonal influenza vaccination in 2008-2009 and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection among school students from Kobe Association between the 2008-09 seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic H1N1 illness during Spring-Summer 2009: four observational studies from Canada Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection Two unadjuvanted split virion, inactivated, quadrivalent influenza vaccines were provided to patients in 2019. A high-dose vaccine was given to patients 65 years and older The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. cache = ./cache/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035314-afngpddq author = Malik, Is-haq O title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1910 sentences = 115 flesch = 42 summary = We, therefore, present a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute renal failure caused by biopsy-proven collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Results of the renal biopsy performed ultimately revealed a pattern of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Acute renal failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, need for renal replacement therapy and worse overall outcomes. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the leading causes of high-grade proteinuria with endstage renal disease (ESRD). [12] performed kidney biopsies on 17 patients with COVID 19 infection, of which 29% had collapsing FSGS as the primary diagnosis for acute kidney injury. In conclusion, collapsing FSGS is an under-recognized cause for renal failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. There should be a low threshold to suspect collapsing FSGS in patients with high-grade proteinuria, acute kidney injury, African descent and nephrotic syndrome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035312-xh7oomcg author = Mandal, Amit K.J. title = In situ immune-mediated pulmonary artery thrombosis and Covid-19 pneumonitis date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 785 sentences = 45 flesch = 38 summary = Their findings demonstrated that in patients with Covid-19 and a clinical suspicion for pulmonary embolus (PE), more than one-third of computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) studies were found positive for PE compared to the yield of inpatient CTPA prior to the pandemic at 12 to 17%. Distribution of thrombosis correlated with pattern of consolidation observed on CTPA in 9 (60%) patients, the majority being peripheral or subsegmental (N = 14, 93%) and only 1 central artery occlusion. In situ immune-mediated pulmonary thrombosis within the context of Covid-19 is a preferred nomenclature and this is clearly a contributory factor to the pathogenesis of T1RF which often requires respiratory support. Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of COVID-19 associated acute pulmonary embolism: a different phenotype of thrombotic disease? Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: Clinical characteristics and cardiac implications The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author = Rahim, Fawad title = Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2710 sentences = 160 flesch = 57 summary = title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. The data in terms of mortality, ventilatory support, comorbid conditions, and length of hospital stay is conflicting because different authors have reported the outcomes of a fraction of admitted patients and at variable durations since admission [7] [8] . Study variables were age, gender, comorbidities, ventilatory status, length of stay (LOS), and outcomes in terms of survival and death. cache = ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102557-25mu0mo9 author = Torres-Salinas, Daniel title = Daily growth rate of scientific production on Covid-19. Analysis in databases and open access repositories date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2611 sentences = 274 flesch = 59 summary = The general objective of this research work is to obtain a global vision of the daily growth of scientific production on COVID-19 in different databases (Dimensions, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus-Elsevier, Pubmed and eight repositories). 2) Cuantificar del mismo modo el número de preprints diarios que se publican en los distintos repositorios y describir el fenómeno del acceso Abierto Los resultados que se alcacen en este trabajo no solo tienen un valor descriptivo de un fenómeno informativo singular, si no que nos permitirá a los profesionales de la información tener un mapa objetivo y global de aquellas de las fuentes de información y bases de datos más útiles para enfrentarnos al COVID-19 y asesorar a nuestros investigadores. La cobertura similar de dos fuentes diferentes nos permite afirmar que actualmente la producción científica sobre COVID-19 en Pubmed se sitúa en torno a las 1000 publicaciones semanales. cache = ./cache/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102281-xymfoa86 author = Higuera, J title = Traqueostomía En Cuidados Intensivos En Pacientes Covid 19 date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4027 sentences = 368 flesch = 56 summary = Presentamos los resultados de 37 pacientes que requieren traqueostomía como parte del manejo de neumonía por COVID 19 en un Hospital Universitario. Entre ellas, la realización de traqueotomía en los pacientes afectados por esta neumonía ingresados en cuidados intensivos que requieren ventilación mecánica invasiva. Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, con todos los enfermos que ingresan en el Servicio de Medicina Intensiva en un Hospital Universitario con el diagnóstico clínico o analítico de neumonía por COVID-19 que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva y realización de traqueotomía durante su ingreso en UCI. El estudio representa una muestra de pacientes ingresados en UCI por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a neumonía por COVID 19 que requirieron ventilación mecánica y a los que se les realizó traqueostomía durante su ingreso en medicina intensiva. Presentamos los resultados de 37 pacientes críticos que requieren traqueostomía como parte del manejo de neumonía por COVID 19 en un Hospital Universitario. cache = ./cache/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102456-6jt4ksha author = Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title = How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4068 sentences = 168 flesch = 35 summary = However, now that we have navigated the initial surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, many are considering how to reintroduce non-COVID-19 clinical research conduct while protecting participants, staff and ensuring data integrity. Here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming clinical research including observational research, registry trials, and interventional trials, as well as potential data confounding related to COVID-19 infections that are important to consider as research studies restart and data are analyzed. In the spirit of "Do No Harm", it is critical that institutional policies and processes are in place to ensure that there is no significant additional risk of contracting viral respiratory or other infections in the normal course of participation in research studies; now during the COVID-19 pandemic, these principles are even more critical. Throughout the subject's participation in clinical research during the pandemic, she expressed her appreciation for the opportunity to continue in the study from which she believed she was benefiting, with minimal risk of exposure to infection from SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035327-p2c6q1zj author = Segura de la Cal, Teresa title = Unexpected Favourable Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Patients date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2527 sentences = 175 flesch = 43 summary = 1, 2 The clinical picture of the new coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) varies greatly, ranging from asymptomatic cases to a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) responsible for most COVID-19 fatalities. We considered four main physiopathological pathways potentially involved in this paradoxical behaviour: (1) reduced viral entrance to the pulmonary endothelium, (2) weakened ability to mount a severe inflammatory response, (2) dysregulation of pulmonary vasoactivity and (4) chronic anticoagulation to offset SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. Respiratory pathophysiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a cohort study Prone positioning improves oxygenation in spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a retrospective study Is the prone position helpful during spontaneous breathing in patients with cOVID-19? Use of prone positioning in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure Respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19 after using noninvasive ventilation in the prone position outside the intensive care unit cache = ./cache/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035396-lg7m9xzs author = Bains, Amarpreet S. title = Maintaining Throughput and Reducing Discharge Delays After Increasing Capacity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital’s Experience date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2401 sentences = 105 flesch = 49 summary = A command center for coordinating discharges and a streamlined process for arranging home oxygen helped a New York hospital significantly speed up discharges during the Covid-19 pandemic with no negative impact on readmissions. Our second step was to have our Social Work and Case Management departments work closely with our largest DME vendor (who provides over 90% of all oxygen and medical equipment for our patients) to streamline the process for discharging patients home with supplemental oxygen, a process that has historically extended hospitalizations by an entire day or more. We attribute this improvement to: better communication between unit managers and discharge control center; earlier identification of barriers; on-site representative for home oxygen; streamlining of the documentation and authorization processes; providers learning how to optimize documentation; and time saved by many patients not requiring home delivery. cache = ./cache/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035272-j070oidg author = McGowan, Catherine R. title = COVID-19 testing acceptability and uptake amongst the Rohingya and host community in Camp 21, Teknaf, Bangladesh date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2019 sentences = 91 flesch = 52 summary = In response both to low uptake of testing across all camps, and rumours of an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in May/June 2020, the International Organization for Migration (in partnership with ACAPS) undertook a qualitative study to collect accounts from the Rohingya relating to testing and treatment, and to explore the possibility that what was thought to be an outbreak of influenza may have been COVID-19. In response to low uptake of testing across all campsas well as reports of an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in the camps in May/June and the absence of a corresponding increase in primary healthcare consultationsthe International Organization for Migration (IOM), in partnership with ACAPS, undertook a qualitative study to collect accounts from Rohingya around testing and treatment, and to explore the possibility that what was thought to be an outbreak of influenza may have been COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035285-dx5bbeqm author = Simmhan, Yogesh title = GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13684 sentences = 720 flesch = 60 summary = This proximity data of all app users are used to build a temporal contact graph, where vertices are devices, and edges indicate proximity between devices for a certain time period and with a certain Bluetooth signal strength. The use of the GCG App within an institutional setting, with data collection and usage governed by the organization, may lead to higher adoption of the app and enhance its effectiveness in contact tracing. The use of GCG is strictly voluntary, and there is an additional consent required by a user who is infected with COVID-19 before their data can be used for contact tracing-this, despite their data already being available centrally in the backend. Besides tracking Bluetooth contact data, the GCG App offers several features to inform the users about COVID-19 and engage them in preventing its spread. cache = ./cache/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035380-qfvskz9n author = Nasajpour, Mohammad title = Internet of Things for Current COVID-19 and Future Pandemics: an Exploratory Study date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7967 sentences = 421 flesch = 54 summary = One example of this device is the Pandemic Drone application developed by a Canadian company [97] for remote monitoring and detecting any cases of infection by capturing temperature, respiratory signs such as heart rate, and any sneezing or coughing [98, 99] . Using robots linked to IoT to assist early diagnosis is a remarkable use of these devices because they can help health workers by processing patients' treatments and lowering work stress levels [107] . Smartphone applications enabled with IoT using information such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for tracking purposes have been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to increase the chance of detecting infected people [60] . We reviewed the IoT-related technologies and their implementations in three phases, including "Early Diagnosis," "Quarantine Time," and "After Recovery." For each phase, we evaluated the role of IoT-enabled/linked technologies including wearables, drones, robots, IoT buttons, and smartphone applications in combating COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103214-3lz33pj3 author = Kortuem, S. O. title = The Role of the Emergency Department in Protecting the Hospital as a Critical Infrastructure in the Corona Pandemic Strategies and Experiences of a Rural Sole Acute-Care Clinic date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4293 sentences = 263 flesch = 50 summary = An essential strategic element was a very short-term restructuring of the Emergency Department with the objectives of reducing the number of cases within the clinic, detecting COVID-19 cases as sensitively as possible and separating the patient pathways at an early stage. After establishing a pre-triage with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20185819 doi: medRxiv preprint As of March 27, 2020, a specially developed algorithm for case detection was established, which, in addition to broader range of clinical criteria, focuses on the regionally observable epidemiological events in risk facilities, e. 7%) of the patients, neither direct contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases nor a stay in high-risk areas or facilities could be recorded at the time of pre-triage ( Figure 6 ). At this point, the Emergency Department has the key function of identifying those patients who need treatment with the hospital resources for medical reasons and referring other cases to the outpatient sector. cache = ./cache/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104461-nkqdkvfu author = Aujayeb, Avinash title = Consolidating medical ambulatory care services in the COVID-19 era date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1669 sentences = 116 flesch = 54 summary = Cases seen include deep vein thrombosis, anemia, pulmonary embolisms, atrial fibrillation, skin and soft-tissue infections, thunderclap headaches, severe hypertension, low-risk gastrointestinal bleeds, pneumonia, pleural effusions, pneumothoraces, malignant ascites, abnormal blood results, low-risk cardiac sounding chest pain, electrolyte abnormalities, or deranged liver function test results requiring further investigation but not requiring monitoring, gastroenteritisrequiring minimal intravenous rehydration before discharge, oncology referrals for potential neutropenic sepsis, diabetic patients with hypo/perglycemia, stable anaphylaxis after adrenaline, non-stroke acute neurology (with a visiting neurologist every Friday), patients with suspected underlying infections but no clear source and not meeting sepsis criteria, first seizure or epileptics who are postictal and requiring a period of recovery and high-risk discharge follow-ups. As the A and E department developed a respiratory assessment zone and non-COVID-19 areas, MAC has expanded the streaming service to include all A and E ambulatory patients that have not been redirected back to urgent treatment centers at the front door. cache = ./cache/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104501-e5e0xrou author = Bashash, Davood title = The Prognostic Value of Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2752 sentences = 146 flesch = 48 summary = To provide a well-conceptualized viewpoint demonstrating the prognostic value of platelet count in SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed a meta-analysis of pertinent literature to evaluate whether the emergence of thrombocytopenia could discriminate between severe and non-severe cases. Even though the results of a recent study to establish a prediction model for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (19) introduced C reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and lymphocyte count as the most valuable laboratory parameters reflecting COVID-19 severity, articles continuously introducing novel biomarkers with the ability to predict disease outcome are published daily. To provide a clear viewpoint demonstrating the prognostic value of platelet count in this novel infection, we performed a meta-analysis of pertinent literature representing information on the indicated parameter in patients with a clinically validated definition of severe disease. cache = ./cache/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035443-mkba8f1e author = Wong, Leslie P. title = COVID-19 and Elder Health Inequity in Dialysis date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 622 sentences = 41 flesch = 49 summary = As the pandemic surfaced, dialysis facilities rapidly implemented new infection control protocols to screen, triage, and cohort patients based on symptoms and history of exposure to COVID-19. But the safety precautions dialysis facilities implement cannot be maintained reliably for many patients in LTC. Maintaining six-foot boundaries is nearly impossible in living quarters where rooms and bathrooms are often shared and distancing efforts are LTC facilities have been the target of much public scorn for their care during the pandemic, but in many respects were "sitting ducks" for COVID-19 (8, 10) . Caring for dialysis patients in a time of COVID-19 COVID-19 Infection Risk Among Hemodialysis Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities Long-Term Care Policy after Covid-19 -Solving the Nursing Home Crisis Uncovering the Devaluation of Nursing Home Staff During COVID-19: Are We Fuelling the Next Health Care Crisis? cache = ./cache/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035333-2duu1c9n author = MacLaren, Graeme title = What’s new in ECMO for COVID-19? date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1411 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = The first studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China reported high mortality rates in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [1]. Eightythree (17%) of 492 intensive care patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) received ECMO and were ultimately assessed to have an estimated probability of 60-day mortality of 31% (95% CI 22-42). This report provided insights into the use of ECMO for COVID-19 in experienced centres, including those which had participated in the EOLIA trial, and had consistent protocols and standardized ARDS management practices in place prior to the pandemic. There is greater uncertainty about the role of ECMO in other populations with COVID-19, such as patients requiring mechanical circulatory support, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) [14] , or those with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. What is required now are data concerning long-term morbidity and mortality, and whether any practices-including prone positioning, optimal anticoagulation, early extubation and use of mechanical right ventricular support-during ECMO can improve these outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author = Jin, C. title = Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6431 sentences = 370 flesch = 53 summary = We developed and evaluated a deep learning based COVID-19 diagnosis system, using multi-center data, which includes 756 subjects (496 COVID-19 positives and 260 negatives) collected in Wuhan Union Hospital, Western Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital, and Jianghan Mobile Cabin Hospital in Wuhan, the major epidemic area in China (detailed information is in Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 doi: medRxiv preprint sists of five key components (Figure 1 a) , (1) a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) model for segmenting the lung, (2) a COVID-19 diagnosis model, (3) an abnormal slices locating block to locate abnormal slices in positive cases, (4) a network visualization module for interpreting the attentional region of deep networks, and (5) an image phenotype analysis module for explaining the features of the attentional region. cache = ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103545-2v89ku4o author = Bellos, Ioannis title = Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5197 sentences = 333 flesch = 48 summary = The following data were planned to be extracted from each of the included studies: name of first author, country, maternal age, medical history (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome), symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, myalgia, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, abdominal pain, chest pain), radiological signs, presence of co-infection (bacterial or influenza), laboratory tests (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased Creactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, liver function tests and D-dimers), type of treatment, pregnancy outcomes (fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes-PROM, placenta previa, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, stillbirth), maternal outcomes (admission to intensive care unit-ICU or death), neonatal outcomes (gender, gestational age, birthweight, 1-minute/5-minute Apgar score, horizontal/vertical transmission, admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and death). As a result, the present meta-analysis was based on 16 observational studies [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] and 44 case reports/series , including a total of 920 neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author = Lee, Hyeon-Seung title = Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5311 sentences = 294 flesch = 54 summary = Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. The major aim of the present study was to survey mental health and social wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in South Korea where effective public health strategies and high compliance by the residents were able to successfully stop the spread of the virus. Participants were asked to respond to questions about their demographic information (age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status), 4 levels of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic from "not at all concerned" to "extremely concerned", general physical health status, mental health, loneliness and social network. Overall, these findings suggest a significant psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and social wellbeing in South Korean, with high rates of depression, anxiety, stress and psychosis-risk. cache = ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104467-elwfz1gk author = Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title = A Systematic Review of COVID-19 and Myocarditis date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 224 flesch = 51 summary = A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19 using the search term "Coronavirus" or "COVID" and "myocarditis," "heart," or "retrospective." Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients to evaluate clinical features, diagnostic tests and current therapeutic management. [14] reported a case of a 37-year-old COVID-19 male from China with fulminant myocarditis who was treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous human immunoglobulin. [20] described a case of a 69-year-old Italian woman with COVID-19 and lowgrade myocardial inflammation; viral particles were seen in the patient's myocardium and the she required venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We have identified through this systematic review that patients with COVID-19 myocarditis will commonly present with dyspnea, followed by coughing, fever and chest pain. cache = ./cache/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104486-syirijql author = Adiga, Aniruddha title = Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7175 sentences = 346 flesch = 44 summary = Governments have been forced to respond to the rapidly changing dynamics of the pandemic, and are becoming increasingly reliant on different modeling and analytical techniques to understand, forecast, plan and respond; this includes statistical methods and decision support methods using multi-agent models, such as: (i) forecasting epidemic outcomes (e.g., case counts, mortality and hospital demands), using a diverse set of data-driven methods e.g., ARIMA type time series forecasting, Bayesian techniques and deep learning, e.g., [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , (ii) disease surveillance, e.g., [6, 7] , and (iii) counter-factual analysis of epidemics using multi-agent models, e.g., [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] ; indeed, the results of [11, 14] were very influential in the early decisions for lockdowns in a number of countries. cache = ./cache/cord-104486-syirijql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104486-syirijql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-117445-zu2mns82 author = Gao, Jian title = Quantifying Policy Responses to a Global Emergency: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7836 sentences = 487 flesch = 58 summary = We also adopt alternative data sources for the COVID-19 tracking data, as provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (Fig. S5D) , alter the measures of a country's effectiveness in containing the pandemic by calculating total confirmed cases instead of deaths (Fig. S5A) , examine per-capita death rates for each country (Fig. S5B) , and restrict the analysis to countries with a minimum number of COVID-19 policy documents (Fig. S6 ). Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published a minimum number of COVID policy documents in the prior 30 days. cache = ./cache/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt txt = ./txt/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103659-wpwfqhp2 author = Almqvist, J. title = Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections: a systematic review date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6075 sentences = 463 flesch = 46 summary = In order to optimize diagnostic workup of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, we systematically reviewed neurological and neuroradiological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and all other known human coronavirus species (HCoV). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182196 doi: medRxiv preprint symptoms/complications, neuropathological findings and/or neuroimaging findings associated to acute or prior coronavirus infection. Several case reports, comprising a total of 11 patients, described neurological complications in SARS-CoV-1, among them critical illness neuro-/myopathy, seizures, persistent sleeping difficulties, persistent anosmia, delirium and generalized pain (Table e-6). Several common neurological symptoms among SARS-CoV-2 patients have been described in these studies, such as fatigue (44 -64% of patients), 42 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Retrospective Observational Study of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Manifestations cache = ./cache/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-117800-jzokod4q author = Umer, Hamza title = Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regional Lockdown Policies in the Containment of Covid-19: Evidence from Pakistan date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3622 sentences = 211 flesch = 56 summary = To slow down the spread of Covid-19, administrative regions within Pakistan imposed complete and partial lockdown restrictions on socio-economic activities, religious congregations, and human movement. After conducting econometric analyses (Regression Discontinuity and Negative Binomial Regressions) on official data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Pakistan, we find that the strategies did not lead to a similar level of Covid-19 caseload (positive cases and deaths) in all regions. In terms of reduction in the overall caseload (positive cases and deaths), compared to no lockdown, complete and partial lockdown appeared to be effective in four regions: Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GT), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). On the other hand, complete and partial lockdowns have been Umer & Khan 4 very effective in the containment of the virus in the province of Balochistan and the three administrative territories/regions of Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). cache = ./cache/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104454-qavbcwp7 author = Amon, Joseph J. title = COVID-19 and Detention: Respecting Human Rights date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1168 sentences = 75 flesch = 53 summary = 16 If police, first responders, and corrections officers are significantly affected by COVID-19, whether through being infected, exposed by detainees, their fellow officers, or in the community, large numbers will be unavailable to work due to self-quarantine or isolation, at the same time that large numbers of detainees who are potentially exposed will need to be put into individual isolation or transferred to advanced medical care, putting tremendous stress on detention facilities. 19 To address the risk in detention settings, detention centers must first and foremost have plans in place to prevent or limit the outbreak of COVID-19, to protect the health of all detainees, and to treat the disease should any detainee acquire it. cache = ./cache/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-118509-nws464ug author = Islam, Muhammad Nazrul title = A Survey on the Use of AI and ML for Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5214 sentences = 269 flesch = 48 summary = In our review, we have explored the objectives/aims of the existing studies (i.e., the role of AI/ML in fighting COVID-19 pandemic); context of the study (i.e., study focused to a specific country-context or with a global perspective); type and volume of dataset; methodology, algorithms or techniques adopted in the prediction or diagnosis processes; and mapping the algorithms/techniques with the data type highlighting their prediction/classification accuracy. Most of the articles (n =16, 48%) were published focusing to detect the COVID-19 infected patients using different AI-based algorithms that include, for example, the Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) model, Support Vector Machine (SVM), generative adversarial network (GAN), and the transfer learning. cache = ./cache/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104473-bx3svdrk author = Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title = Utility of D-dimer as a Prognostic Factor in SARS CoV2 Infection: A Review date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2579 sentences = 140 flesch = 42 summary = One study found significantly higher D-dimer levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19 when compared to non-diabetics, indicating that diabetics are more prone to a hypercoagulable state in setting of COVID-19 infection, underscoring the predictive value of D-dimer for progression toward severe disease in that patient population [7] . The early identification of high-risk patients based on D-dimer values could prevent progression to ARDS, DIC, cytokine storm and their associated increase in mortality, if anticoagulation is initiated [31, 33, 38, 55] . In a study of 449 patients with severe COVID-19, anticoagulant therapy with mainly low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was associated with lower mortality in a sub-population meeting sepsis-induced coagulopathy criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer [14, 55] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-120442-qfgoue67 author = Zaman, Anis title = The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5875 sentences = 290 flesch = 47 summary = title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. cache = ./cache/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104426-qz8pffei author = Tay, K title = COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4518 sentences = 247 flesch = 50 summary = Based on the principle of complete segregation and in accordance to "Disease Outbreak Response System Condition" (DORSON) Orange 20 directive to prevent potential cross contamination between healthcare workers, the operating theatre (OT) team was segregated into two separate sub-groups; two teams to deal with acute trauma cases and one team for urgent spine surgeries. • Cutting down non-essential workload such as patients on long term follow-up or conservative management 26 • Limiting ourselves to urgent care such as trauma, infection, acute spine emergencies and tumour referrals • Allowing for off-site prescription top-ups, extension of medical leave and correspondences for whatever indications As the Outpatient services can be exposed to patients from various sources, a strict screening protocol in accordance to existing Singapore Ministry of Health guidelines covering travel histories, contact histories, and coryzal symptoms were taken before admittance to the Outpatient clinic. cache = ./cache/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-118214-jna34p8p author = Dhakal, Parashar title = IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3192 sentences = 172 flesch = 55 summary = title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment We propose an intelligent voice-based assistant for COVID-19 self-assessment (IVACS). Other researchers worked on the development of a voice-based assistant using amazon Alexa to help medical first responders in the treatment process [11] . Our experiment's main objective was to study the performance of the proposed IVACS and the participants individually and as a team for the self-assessment of COVID-19. In the process of experiment, different parameters such as errors committed by participants and IVACS, the number of interaction between IVACS and participants, the effect of IVACS on participant's performance, and total testing time were measured. In this section, we also presented the CDC and WHO recommended protocol to follow in the self-assessment of COVID-19 based on which the IVACS decision logic was built. cache = ./cache/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104441-zxxg8i1b author = Raoufi, Masoomeh title = Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Mortality of COVID-19 Cases; a Cross sectional Study date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2954 sentences = 157 flesch = 52 summary = An expert attending radiologist (with 10 years of experience), reviewed the chest CT scans of the patients for involvement and severity of each lobe, pattern of involvement (such as ground glass, consolidation, crazy paving and reverse halo), form of parenchymal involvement (such as round opacity, linear opacity and no specific form), distribution of lung abnormalities (peripheral, peribronchovascular and peri-hilar), associated findings (such as pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, mediastinal and hilar significant adenopathy and pulmonary solid nodules), severity of involvement (based on CTSS), and pulmonary artery diameter (including main pulmonary trunk (MPA), right and left pulmonary arteries (RPA and LPA)). Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119307-rlc2f6zw author = Zhang, Edwin title = Covidex: Neural Ranking Models and Keyword Search Infrastructure for the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4756 sentences = 262 flesch = 58 summary = We present Covidex, a search engine that exploits the latest neural ranking models to provide information access to the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset curated by the Allen Institute for AI. In addition, we provide robust and easy-to-use keyword search infrastructure that exploits mature fusion-based methods as well as standalone neural ranking models that can be incorporated into other applications. 2. Leveraging our own infrastructure, we explored the use of sequence-to-sequence transformer models for text ranking, combined with a simple classification-based feedback approach to exploit existing relevance judgments. In the latest round 3 results, we report the highest-scoring run that exploits relevance judgments in a user feedback setting and the secondhighest fully automatic run, affirming the quality of our own ranking models (2). Despite the success of BERT for document ranking (Dai and Callan, 2019; MacAvaney et al., 2019; Yilmaz et al., 2019) , there is evidence that ranking with sequence-to-sequence models can achieve even better effectiveness, particularly in zero-shot and other settings with limited training data (Nogueira et al., 2020) , such as for TREC-COVID. cache = ./cache/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-123714-1ll0a9q6 author = Zhou, Jianlong title = Examination of community sentiment dynamics due to covid-19 pandemic: a case study from Australia date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4058 sentences = 221 flesch = 56 summary = In this paper, we exploit the massive text data posted by Twitter users to analyse the sentiment dynamics of people living in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia during the pandemic period. Based on the analysis of around 94 million tweets that posted by around 183 thousand users located at different LGAs in NSW in five months, we found that people in NSW showed an overall positive sentimental polarity and the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the overall positive sentimental polarity during the pandemic period. This study also analysed the sentimental dynamics delivered by the hot topics in Twitter such as government policies (e.g. the Australia's JobKeeper program, lock-down, social-distancing) as well as the focused social events (e.g. the Ruby Princess Cruise). In order to analyse the dynamics of sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic period in a fine-grained level, we collected tweets from Twitter users that live in the different LGAs of NSW in Australia. cache = ./cache/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103929-5rnmyq3n author = Karsiyakali, Nejdet title = Evaluation of the Sexual Functioning of Individuals Living in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Internet-Based Nationwide Survey Study date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2982 sentences = 149 flesch = 48 summary = There was a statistically significant difference between the participants according to the decrease in the number of weekly sexual intercourse when they compared in terms of smoking status, alcohol consumption, marital and parental status, being a health care worker, having a regular sexual partner, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between the participants according to the decrease in the number of weekly sexual intercourse when they compared in terms of smoking status, alcohol consumption, marital and parental status, being a health care worker, having a regular sexual partner, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each) ( Table 2 ). In addition to that, living in a metropolitan area is associated with a decline in both sexual intercourse frequency and sexual desire during the COVID-19 pandemic according to our study results. cache = ./cache/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-103899-6tqm99g1 author = Mirzaei, Rasoul title = The emerging role of microRNAs in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9756 sentences = 554 flesch = 47 summary = Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. This review will summarize the recent discoveries associated with miRNAs in various respiratory infections caused by viruses, especially coronavirus, and address all feasible therapeutic options to mitigate the burden of VRIs. The humoral immunity is immunologically categorized as an acquired immune response in which T helper cells collaborate with B cells to differentiate these types of cells to plasma cells [17] [18] [19] . The immune responses against VRIs, such as IV, hRV, human coronavirus (HcoV), hMPV, and RSV, are correlated with the aberrant expression of several miRNAs in epithelial cells and participate in the pathogenesis of chronic and acute forms of respiratory disorders (Table 1 ) [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119104-9d421si9 author = Huynh, Tin Van title = BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1816 sentences = 134 flesch = 63 summary = title: BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models In this article, we present our approach at WNUT-2020 Task 2 to identify Tweets containing information about COVID-19 on the social networking platform Twitter or not. • Firstly, we implemented four different models based on neural networks and transformers such as Bi-GRU-CNN, BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet to solve the WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identification of informative COVID-19 English Tweets. In this paper, we propose an ensemble method that combines the deep learning models with the transfer learning models to identify information about COVID-19 from users' tweets. In this paper, we used the SOTA transfer learning models, such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) , RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) , and XLNet (Yang et al., 2019) with fine-tuning techniques for the problem of identifying informative tweet about COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-121777-3zrnz9nc author = Qian, Xuelin title = M3Lung-Sys: A Deep Learning System for Multi-Class Lung Pneumonia Screening from CT Imaging date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7576 sentences = 391 flesch = 50 summary = Considering the limited training cases and resources (e.g, time and budget), we propose a Multi-task Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M3Lung-Sys) for multi-class lung pneumonia screening from CT imaging, which only consists of two 2D CNN networks, i.e., sliceand patient-level classification networks. Eventually, the number of slices annotated for the four categories is listed in Table I Figure 3 shows the schematic of our proposed Multitask Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M 3 Lung-Sys), which consists of two components, the Image Preprocessing and Classification Network. For the purpose of pneumonia classification and alleviating the limitations discussed in Section I, we improve the network from three aspects, i.e., multi-task learning for radiologist-like diagnosis, weakly-supervised learning for slice-level lesion localization (attention) and coordinate maps for learning location information, as shown in Figure 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104507-xx7t26rl author = Safari, Saeid title = Extracorporeal Hemoperfusion as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Severe COVID-19 patients; a Narrative Review date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3425 sentences = 173 flesch = 31 summary = Based on previous experience of blood purification to treat cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), here we aimed to review the current literature on extracorporeal hemoperfusion as a potential therapeutic option for CSS-associated conditions, with a focus on severe COVID-19. To date, various centers in different countries including Italy, China, USA, Germany, and Iran have reported or are investigating the beneficial effects of different hemoperfusion systems, including HA380/HA330 cartridges, CytoSorb, and polymyxin B immobilized fiber column in treatment of critically-ill COVID-19 patients. To date, a large number of experimental and clinical data, mostly from case reports and case series, have introduced CytoSorb as an effective rescue therapy for removal of inflammatory cytokines and achievement of hemodynamic stabilization in critically ill patients with septic shock and kidney failure (47) (48) (49) . cache = ./cache/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104500-m0kfom0x author = Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M. title = The Potential Role of Super Spread Events in SARS-COV-2 Pandemic; a Narrative Review date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6842 sentences = 357 flesch = 40 summary = A comprehensive search was conducted among literature available in multiple electronic sources to find articles that addressed the "potential role of SSEs on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic" and were published before 20(th) of August 2020. Specific screening strategies within potential super spreading host groups can also help to efficiently manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) epidemics, in contrast to the partially effective general restriction measures. However, the respective potential impact of SSEs on SARS-COV-2 outbreak is composed and presented in the current review, thereby implying the warranted effort required for effective SSE preventive strategies, which may lead to overt global community health benefits. Following this initial selection stage, further screening was performed by all reviewers, using the previously described search items to identify parameters determining the global impact of COVID-19 due to SSEs. Identified parameters included the global impact of immunity and vaccination, the holy cup and religion transmission, and the austerity caused by COVID-19 and other coronavirus epidemics due to restrictions applied. cache = ./cache/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-124618-51235tn2 author = Said, Ahmed Ben title = Predicting COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2571 sentences = 174 flesch = 58 summary = Materials and Methods: This paper presents a deep learning approach to forecast the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network applied to multivariate time series. Unlike other forecasting techniques, our proposed approach first groups the countries having similar demographic and socioeconomic aspects and health sector indicators using K-Means clustering algorithm. The cumulative cases data for each clustered countries enriched with data related to the lockdown measures are fed to the Bidirectional LSTM to train the forecasting model. Conclusion: Using data of multiple countries in addition to lockdown measures improve accuracy of the forecast of daily cumulative COVID-19 cases. Our contribution consists of first grouping countries having similar demographic and socio-economic properties and health sector indicators then using COVID-19 data from each cluster to build the prediction model. The multivariate time series is used to train a deep learning Bi-LSTM network to forecast future cumulative number of cases. cache = ./cache/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104509-hxaq9bf5 author = Khateri, Sorour title = The Prevalence of Underlying Diseases and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients; an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5317 sentences = 381 flesch = 59 summary = Cross-sectional and retrospective studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions such as acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. CONCLUSION: According to this meta-analysis, comorbidities such as hypertension, acute liver and kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. In addition, studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions like acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Also, comorbid conditions like hypertension, acute liver injury, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-123970-qikmhoo4 author = Bao, Forrest Sheng title = Triaging moderate COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias from routine blood tests date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7144 sentences = 389 flesch = 62 summary = Trained on blood data from 208 moderate COVID-19 subjects and 86 subjects with non-COVID-19 moderate viral pneumonia, the best result is obtained in an SVM-based classifier with an accuracy of 84%, a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 80%, and a precision of 92%. The 3 groups of subjects thus form 3 binary classification tasks: 1 Medical workers need help the most from the primary task of differentiating moderate COVID-19 cases from 1 The numbers are not 118 vs 208 because 5 samples have too many missing values in additional features in Table 2 . We pick two empirically effective and robust families of classifiers, random forests (RFs) and support vector machines (SVMs), as representatives to study the general feasibility and effectiveness of using ML to make use of routine blood tests for COVID-19 triage. cache = ./cache/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119275-2mhsp6jn author = Heidarian, Shahin title = CT-CAPS: Feature Extraction-based Automated Framework for COVID-19 Disease Identification from Chest CT Scans using Capsule Networks date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3643 sentences = 170 flesch = 49 summary = Contributions: In this paper, we propose a fully automated framework based on Capsule Networks [9] , referred to as the "CT-CAPS", to represent each slice of a CT scan by a small feature map to distinguish COVID-19 cases from non-COVID (CAP and normal) cases. [20] proposed a two-stage method consisting of a sophisticated lung infection segmentation model, trained on a manually annotated chest CT scan dataset, followed by a 3D ResNet18 classification model [22] to classify patients into COVID-19, CAP, and normal cases. [23] fed a 3D CNN-based classifier with lung regions, segmented by a pre-trained U-Net [24] , achieving accuracy of 90.1%, sensitivity of 84.0%, and specificity of 98.2% on a dataset containing only COVID-19 and normal cases. [26] proposed a fully automated framework using a ResNet50 as the backbone to extract slice-level features followed by max pooling and fully connected dense layers for the ultimate goal of patientlevel classification achieving the sensitivities of 90%, 87%, and 94% for COVID-19, CAP, and normal cases, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author = Zhang, Han title = How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6109 sentences = 300 flesch = 46 summary = In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students' education and mental health. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. At the time our data was collected, just after classes went online and three weeks after it was discovered that community spread of COVID-19 was present in Seattle (Table 1) , we did not find evidence of changes in anxiety, stress, or depression among students with or without disabilities/health concerns. cache = ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-128991-mb91j2zs author = Agapiou, Sergios title = Modeling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Cyprus date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7453 sentences = 419 flesch = 58 summary = Here we report our work including results from statistical and mathematical models used to understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Cyprus, during the time period starting from the beginning of March till the end of May 2020. We use change-point detection, count time series methods and compartmental models for short and long term projections, respectively. Testing approaches in the Republic of Cyprus included: a) targeted testing of suspect cases and their contacts; of repatriates at the airport and during their 14-day quarantine; of teachers and students when schools re-opened in mid-May; of employees in essential services that continued their operation throughout the first pandemic wave (e.g., customer services, public domain); and of health-care workers in public hospitals, and b) population screenings following random sampling in the general population of most districts and in two municipalities with increased disease burden. cache = ./cache/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-131094-1zz8rd3h author = Parisi, L. title = QReLU and m-QReLU: Two novel quantum activation functions to aid medical diagnostics date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7546 sentences = 325 flesch = 48 summary = Despite a higher computational cost, results indicated an overall higher classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score brought about by either quantum AFs on five of the seven bench-mark datasets, thus demonstrating its potential to be the new benchmark or gold standard AF in CNNs and aid image classification tasks involved in critical applications, such as medical diagnoses of COVID-19 and PD. Despite a higher computational cost (four-fold with respect to the other AFs except for the CReLU's increase being almost three-fold), the results achieved by either or both the proposed QReLU and m-ReLU AFs, assessed on classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score, indicate an overall higher generalisation achieved on five of the seven benchmark datasets ( Table 2 on the MNIST data, Tables 3 and 5 on PD-related spiral drawings, Tables 7 and 8 on COVID-19 lung US images). cache = ./cache/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-129728-fpoqjmes author = Ouyang, Xi title = Dual-Sampling Attention Network for Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6602 sentences = 344 flesch = 55 summary = To this end, we develop a dual-sampling attention network to automatically diagnose COVID19 from the community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in chest computed tomography (CT). In particular, we propose a novel online attention module with a 3D convolutional network (CNN) to focus on the infection regions in lungs when making decisions of diagnoses. Considering the need of high-throughput screening by chest CT and the workload for radiologists especially in the outbreak, we design a deep-learning-based method to automatically diagnose COVID-19 infection from the community acquired pneumonia (CAP) infection. In this situation, the conventional uniform sampling on the entire dataset to train the network could lead to unsatisfactory diagnosis performance, especially concerning the limited cases of COVID-19 with small infections and also the limited cases of CAP with large infections. • We propose a dual-sampling strategy to train the network, which further alleviates the imbalanced distribution of the sizes of pneumonia infection regions. cache = ./cache/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104440-9hbib8b3 author = Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title = Thrombus in Transit and Impending Pulmonary Embolism Detected on POCUS in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 98 flesch = 46 summary = title: Thrombus in Transit and Impending Pulmonary Embolism Detected on POCUS in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia In this report, we present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and was found to have a thrombus in transit by routine point of care ultrasound (POCUS). We present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, who was found to have a thrombus in transit by routine point of care ultrasound (POCUS). A point of care ultrasound ( Figure 3 Figure 4 ) on day 7 of hospitalization revealed thrombus in transit in the inferior vena cava and right atrium suggesting impending pulmonary embolism hence the patient was started on thrombolytic therapy and full dose anticoagulation with heparin drip. We present a case of a thrombus in transit in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 pneumonia, where the initial diagnosis was made with POCUS. cache = ./cache/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-125190-87wcp92x author = Xiong, Chenfeng title = Data-Driven Modeling Reveals the Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders on Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4359 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = This study uses real-world location-based service data collected from anonymized mobile devices to uncover mobility changes during COVID-19 and under the 'Stay-at-home' state orders in the U.S. The study measures human mobility with two important metrics: daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. While the data confirmed that, nationwide, mobility had dropped significantly one week or even two weeks before the orders were issued, an additional 6.1% decrease in daily average number of trips per person and 10.8% decrease in daily average person-miles traveled (PMT) were observed in the week after the order took effect across different states. To quantify how people in different states responded to "Stay-at-home" orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the longitudinal changes in state-level mobility using a generalized additive model (GAM) (Wood, 2017; Hastie, 1993; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990 ) of daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. cache = ./cache/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-132120-u5s5heqm author = Dempsey, Walter title = The Hypothesis of Testing: Paradoxes arising out of reported coronavirus case-counts date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8195 sentences = 579 flesch = 64 summary = While expanded testing is a laudable goal, selection bias will impact estimates of disease prevalence and the effective reproduction number until the entire population is sampled. Fourth, we show that cross-country comparisons are difficult at best with population size, sampling fraction, and data quality all interacting to impact null hypothesis testing. This points to a critical issue in the current media practices in communication of case-count data: two countries with the same testing strategy (i.e., E I [ρ I,Y ] equal) can yield wildly different estimates due to population size. Supposing COVID-19 positive individuals are 2 times more likely to get tested than those individuals who are COVID-19 negative, the question is "What is the sample size from a SRS that would yield equivalent MSE in the estimated prevalence?" Using the above MSE result, Meng showed the effective sample size is equal to n ef f ≤ cache = ./cache/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-133143-ws708tsc author = Xu, Wentao title = Characterizing the roles of bots during the COVID-19 infodemic on Twitter date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4675 sentences = 274 flesch = 59 summary = In this paper, we examined the roles of bots in the case of the COVID-19 infodemic and the diffusion of non-credible information such as"5G"and"Bill Gates"conspiracy theories and"Trump"and"WHO"related contents by analyzing retweet networks and retweeted items. We show the bipartite topology of their retweet networks, which indicates that right-wing self-medium accounts and conspiracy theorists may lead to this opinion cleavage, while malicious bots might favor amplification of the diffusion of non-credible information. Although "5G" was considered as a popular conspiracy theory in the early COVID-19 pandemic, a larger number of non-credible bots were not observed in comparison with other topics. According to our data, this is the top retweeted user by non-credible bots in both "5G" and "Bill Gates" conspiracy topics. Overall, the noncredible bots and non-credible humans share 71%, 50%, 80% and 50% terms (nouns) used in the retweeted articles related to the "WHO","Trump","5G" and "Bill Gates" topics, respectively. The non-credible humans and bots share many users and domains in the four topics considered. cache = ./cache/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-124654-zs2533s5 author = Wei, Wenqi title = A Real-time Robot-based Auxiliary System for Risk Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3778 sentences = 203 flesch = 54 summary = It combines real-time speech recognition, temperature measurement, keyword detection, cough detection and other functions in order to convert live audio into actionable structured data to achieve the COVID-19 infection risk assessment function. Although the medical diagnosis of COVID-19 requires viral nucleic acid test based on saliva [6] , the most common way for detecting potential infections in public areas is body temperature measurement. Inspired by [17] , the detection method and evaluation metric we proposed can be unitedly implemented as an auxiliary real-time system in a robot for helping with remote screening of people with high infection risk. At the end of the conversation, the electronic medical record is generated for the current user which contains body temperature, demographic information (gender, age), disease history (extracted from the translated text), a complete recording and translation of the human-robots conversation, the users cough audio, intelligent diagnosis results, together with an epidemic map. cache = ./cache/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-133998-yni5wnwq author = Lee, Myeong title = Human Mobility during COVID-19 in the Context of Mild Social Distancing: Implications for Technological Interventions date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11812 sentences = 605 flesch = 55 summary = To understand the role of socio-political context during the COVID-19 outbreak, we study the human mobility change between December in 2019 and May in 2020 in a metropolitan city in South Korea, where social distancing was encouraged but not implemented in the form of strong travel restrictions or stay-at-home orders. From a scientific point of view, the context of mild social distancing in South Korea provides opportunities to understand: (1) how human mobility manifests based on people's prevention behaviors and perceptions, rather than by the government's policies and administrative enforcement, (2) how social determinants of health outcomes such as demographic and socio-economic features shape people's mobility, (3) how mobility changes when the infection rate is decreasing (i.e., during a releasing period), and (4) what the mobility changes during special occasions such as the national election look like during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-131975-9z3skg4n author = Senapati, Abhishek title = Impact of intervention on the spread of COVID-19 in India: A model based study date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4611 sentences = 271 flesch = 58 summary = We consider the initial phase of the outbreak situation in India and our proposed model is fitted to the daily cumulative new reported cases during the period $2^{nd}$ March, 2020 to $24^{th}$ March, 2020. Our study suggests that higher intervention effort is required to control the disease outbreak within a shorter period of time in India. We consider the situation of India during the initial outbreak period and fitted our model to the daily cumulative new cases reported between 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. Since we do not incorporate any intervention in our model (2.1), we fit our model to the daily cumulative new reported COVID-19 cases of India during the period 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. We considered the initial phase of outbreak of the disease COVID-19 in India and fitted our proposed model to the cumulative new reported cases during the period 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-127860-9fngwsh3 author = Reyad, Omar title = Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1354 sentences = 85 flesch = 63 summary = title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus called COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV that first identified in Wuhan, China. Covid-19 is considered as the second Coronavirus outbreak that affects the Middle East region, following the MERS-CoV which was reported in Saudi Arabia in the year 2012. United Arab Emirates (UAE) was the first Middle East Arab country to report a Coronaviruspositive case, following the Wuhan city Coronavirus outbreak in China. In this work, the up-to-date information about COVID-19 is provided and the situation in Arab countries and territories regarding the COVID-19 outbreak is presented. The disease causes respiratory illness (such as the flu) with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. The disease causes respiratory illness (such as the flu) with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. cache = ./cache/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-122159-sp6o6h31 author = Raskar, Ramesh title = COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps: Evaluation and Assessment for Decision Makers date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6031 sentences = 319 flesch = 54 summary = By comparing the device users' location trails or the anonymous ID tokens they have collected with those from people who have COVID-19, one can identify others who have been near the person who is infected; this facilitates contact tracing in a more accurate and timely manner than the traditional manual approach. • An authority (public health official, healthcare provider, government official) collects the location history from the person who is infected and makes it available to users of the app. For this reason, we are building not only a contact-tracing app, but also Safe Places, a web-based tool for public health officials working to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. • Fostering trust • Developing key partnerships, including with community officials who can help drive local support for the solution • Creating solutions that meet the needs of public health officials responding to the pandemic • Focusing on the needs of the users • Providing value to the user during a contact-tracing interview even if they choose not to download the app before they have been diagnosed with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-137263-mbww0yyt author = Hayashi, Teruaki title = Data Requests and Scenarios for Data Design of Unobserved Events in Corona-related Confusion Using TEEDA date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4369 sentences = 202 flesch = 58 summary = Using TEEDA, we collect data items (data requests and providable data) in the corona-related confusion in the workshop, discuss the characteristics of missing data, and create three scenarios for data design of unobserved events focusing on variables. In this study, this item will be useful for understanding what types of data and variables are needed and for what purpose in regard to corona-related confusion. The aim of the experiment was to understand the characteristics of data requests and providable data in the corona-related confusion and create scenarios for new data design of unobserved events focusing on variables. Subsequently, participants input the information on the data requests and the providable data about corona-related confusion on TEEDA for 45 min via discussion with other participants. In this study, to discuss the data design of unobserved events in corona-related confusion, we used TEEDA to externalize the information about data items from data users and data providers and analyzed their characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-130351-w9mij6c6 author = Mamidala, Estari title = In silico identification of clinically approved medicines against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of covid-19 date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2676 sentences = 155 flesch = 50 summary = In the present study, we report the potential inhibitory activity of some FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by molecular docking study to investigate their binding affinity in protease active site. Docking studies revealed that drug Oseltamivir (anti-H1N1 drug), Rifampin (anti-TB drug), Maraviroc, Etravirine, Indinavir, Rilpivirine (anti-HIV drugs) and Atovaquone, Quinidine, Halofantrine, Amodiaquine, Tetracylcine, Azithromycin, hydroxycholoroquine (anti-malarial drugs) among others binds in the active site of the protease with similar or higher affinity. 11 The free energy (DG) binding of SARS-CoV-2 viral protease with the selected FDA approved drugs was created by means of this molecular docking package. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, two FDA approved drugs docked with SARS-CoV-2 main protease and obtained binding energy is −7.39 kcal/mol and -3.88 kcal/mol respectively (Table-2 Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-127759-wpqdtdjs author = Qi, Xiao title = Chest X-ray Image Phase Features for Improved Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Convolutional Neural Network date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3896 sentences = 250 flesch = 50 summary = In this study, we design a novel multi-feature convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for multi-class improved classification of COVID-19 from CXR images. In this work we show how local phase CXR features based image enhancement improves the accuracy of CNN architectures for COVID-19 diagnosis. Our proposed method is designed for processing CXR images and consists of two main stages as illustrated in Figure 1 : 1-We enhance the CXR images (CXR(x, y)) using local phase-based image processing method in order to obtain a multi-feature CXR image (M F (x, y)), and 2-we classify CXR(x, y) by designing a deep learning approach where multi feature CXR images (M F (x, y)), together with original CXR data (CXR(x, y)), is used for improving the classification performance. Our proposed multi-feature CNN architectures were trained on a large dataset in terms of the number of COVID-19 CXR scans and have achieved improved classification accuracy across all classes. cache = ./cache/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-135296-qv7pacau author = Polsinelli, Matteo title = A Light CNN for detecting COVID-19 from CT scans of the chest date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3833 sentences = 194 flesch = 56 summary = We propose a light CNN design based on the model of the SqueezeNet, for the efficient discrimination of COVID-19 CT images with other CT images (community-acquired pneumonia and/or healthy images). On the tested datasets, the proposed modified SqueezeNet CNN achieved 83.00% of accuracy, 85.00% of sensitivity, 81.00% of specificity, 81.73% of precision and 0.8333 of F1Score in a very efficient way (7.81 seconds medium-end laptot without GPU acceleration). In the present work, we aim at obtaining acceptable performances for an automatic method in recognizing COVID-19 CT images of lungs while, at the same time, dealing with reduced datasets for training and validation and reducing the computational overhead imposed by more complex automatic systems. In this work we developed, trained and tested a light CNN (based on the SqueezeNet) to discriminate between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia and/or healthy CT images. cache = ./cache/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-136138-baxmoutj author = Hobson, Stacy title = Trust and Transparency in Contact Tracing Applications date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6464 sentences = 274 flesch = 43 summary = An example includes Contact Tracing Applications -those focused on identifying individuals who are at risk for developing COVID-19 through exposure to a person later identified as having been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies two types of digital contact tracing solutions -one focused on streamlining the capture and management of data on cases and contacts, the other on using Bluetooth or GPS to track an individuals exposure to an infected person [14] . One key benefit of contact tracing that applies to both manual efforts and digital applications is the ability to identify people who are exposed to an infected individual to encourage testing and quarantine. 3) Identifying outbreak 'hot spots': Contact tracing solutions that capture location details in association with infections and exposures may be useful in identifying areas where 1) infections are growing, 2) the number of cases exceed a threshold, or 3) congregations of large groups of people are enabling rapid transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-132051-pb4ppdlm author = Cai, Yong title = The 2020 Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1848 sentences = 111 flesch = 65 summary = Our baseline estimate suggests a one standard deviation increase in Sturgis attendance increased COVID-19 case growth by 1.1pp in the weeks after the rally. 2 This paper studies the effect of the Sturgis rally on subsequent COVID-19 case growth in the home counties of rally attendees. Combining this information with county-level COVID-19 case data from the New York Times we find that counties with relatively more rally attendees have higher COVID-19 case growth rates in the weeks following the rally. Column 1 of table 1 shows that a 1pp increase in Sturgis attendance increased growth in COVID-19 cases by 11pp on average in the weeks following the Rally. We examine the effect of the Sturgis Rally on COVID-19 case growth in the United States. We find counties with relatively more rally attendees experienced higher COVID-19 case growth in subsequent weeks. Other studies that have found large public gatherings do not affect case growth point to offsetting behavior that reduced possible COVID-19 transmission following the event. cache = ./cache/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-135363-l2r6uprq author = Bolsover, Gillian title = Balancing freedoms, rights and responsibilities during COVID in US: a study of anti- and pro-restriction discourse date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7231 sentences = 293 flesch = 48 summary = With an individualistic culture, a high proportion of libertarian supporters and a constitution strongly protecting individual freedoms, the US has seen several major protests against state-level economic and social restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Within trends concerning the Michigan protests specifically, there was more pro-restriction than anti-restriction content, with a sizeable minority opposing restrictions; 17 posts supported restrictions on social activity, 18 restrictions on economic activity and 24 restrictions on political activity. This data memo has presented an initial analysis of levels of support and opposition to social, economic and political restrictions to control the spread and severity of COVID and how these arguments have been articulated in relation to rights and freedoms. Posts that opposed social, economic and/or political restrictions were more likely to articulate ideas of rights and freedoms: 75% of posts compared to 50% of those that supported. cache = ./cache/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-142894-jrkqfl9p author = Bandt, Christoph title = Transparent Covid-19 prediction date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3611 sentences = 252 flesch = 71 summary = Roughly speaking, the analysis of weekly new infections for each day is a tool for the definition and early detection of the turning point of the epidemic. Our estimates of the time course of Covid-19 activity and reproduction rates can reduce the information gap by several days. In general the estimated reproduction rates become undercritical a short time after the main lockdown measures, and the Covid-19 activity starts to decrease afterwards. To describe the global Covid-19 infections, Johns Hopkins University established the now famous database of cumulated numbers of confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries, for each day t and each country or region [10] . So because of the delay of 14 days, the number q t is an estimate for the daily reproduction rate of the disease at time t − 15.5. The reproduction rate crossed the critical line almost instantly, sometimes even before the main lockdown speech, and the apex of Covid-19 activity was reached very few days later. cache = ./cache/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-138439-wvynetna author = Wei, Xiyi title = Sex Differences in Severity and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Evidence from Pooled Literature Analysis and Insights from Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 290 flesch = 50 summary = Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of current studies that examined sex differences in severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and identify potential mechanisms underpinning these differences. Methods: We performed a systematic review to collate data from observational studies examining associations of sex differences with clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Conclusions: This meta-analysis detected an increased severity and mortality rate in the male populations with COVID-19, which might be attributable to the sex-based differences in cellular compositions and immunological microenvironments of the lung. However, whether the sex difference is related to the risk factors for infection, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 is still lacking a comprehensive analysis based on the integration of new studies. ACE2 as a receptor of SARS-CoV and spike protein can be primed by TMPRSS2 are exploited to entry into target cells, which play an vital role in coronavirus pneumonia infection. cache = ./cache/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-138978-hfmgc5ve author = Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title = Mood of India During Covid-19 -- An Interactive Web Portal Based on Emotion Analysis of Twitter Data date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4508 sentences = 252 flesch = 59 summary = The tweets posted on twitter related to Covid-19 are analysed and classified into one of the seven categories that include six emotions -Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Surprise, Fear and Disgust [Ekman (1992) ], and Neutral category, which are visualized on India Map based on the location from which the tweets have been posted. When the portal is visited on any specific day, emotions of the country from 14 March,2020 to the present day are loaded by default based on twitter data during the range, as shown in Figure 2 Table 2 depicts the number of tweets classified into each of the seven categories, for every state and union territory of India, along with Covid-19 statistics in the corresponding regions during March 14, 2020 to May 6, 2020. Considering the importance of understanding public emotions and the affects on psychological state of people during a crisis, in this paper, we present a web portal to identify the mood of India during the current Covid-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-138965-pcmpc5sd author = Afzal, Shehzad title = A Visual Analytics Based Decision Making Environment for COVID-19 Modeling and Visualization date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3737 sentences = 200 flesch = 44 summary = To this end, we have developed a visual analytics environment that enables public health officials to model, simulate, and explore the spread of COVID-19 by supplying county-level information such as population, demographics, and hospital beds. This environment facilitates users to explore spatiotemporal model simulation data relevant to COVID-19 through a geospatial map with linked statistical views, apply different decision measures at different points in time, and understand their potential impact. 1) COVID-19 modeling and simulation, extending our work on Pandemic Influenza [4, 19] , 2) A visual analytics environment where users can explore COVID-19 spread scenarios, apply different decision measures to create scenarios, adjust model parameters, and prepare plans to ensure availability of resources. Utilizing this visual analytics environment, public health officials can explore COVID-19 county-level simulation data generated by our model, apply different decision measures to reduce the pandemic's impact, and modify model parameters and settings to create and analyze different spread scenarios. cache = ./cache/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-140847-d6w8fu3b author = Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title = SurviveCovid-19 -- A Game for Improving Awareness of Social Distancing and Health Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4079 sentences = 254 flesch = 61 summary = In spite of the large scale public health awareness programs being carried out, we are not aware of any mobile games that are aimed to educate people about the safety measures to be taken against Covid-19. Thus, we propose SurviveCovid-19, a survival theme based 2D mobile game, with an aim to educate players about various safety measures to be followed against Covid-19 when in outdoors. Hence, we present SurviveCovid-19, a survival based 2D game, aimed to educate users about various safety measures to be followed against Covid-19 pandemic. SurviveCovid-19 has been developed to educate public about safety measures to be taken to control Covid-19 pandemic, as an Android based mobile game. In this paper, we presented the prototype version of SurviveCovid-19, a survival based 2D mobile game 8 , aimed to bring awareness about safety measures to be followed against Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-141541-g5pt10yn author = McLachlan, Scott title = Bluetooth Smartphone Apps: Are they the most private and effective solution for COVID-19 contact tracing? date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10541 sentences = 454 flesch = 51 summary = Figure 3 presents the typical CTA use-case described by many authors, in which: (a) the primary CTA user and others install and register the app on their smartphones; (b) as they move around and come into close physical contact with each other, their smartphones identify other smartphones and a contact trace is recorded; (c) an upload of some information passes from the CTA on the users device, via their provider's core network (cellular or ISP); (d) from their provider, via the internet, to the HA servers; and (e) alerts and updates can also be sent from the HA server to individuals, or every user. Some variation is observed in the literature claiming to present privacy-preserving methods regarding: (i) the type of information passed from the CTA to the health authority server; and (ii) whether the data passes directly to the HA server or, as with the Singapore (TraceTogether), Australian (COVIDSafe) and proposed Apple/Google collaboration examples, into a thirdparty supplier's international datacentre cloud network (i.e. Google, Apple or Amazon Web Services) before being received by the HA server (Maddocks, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-138473-cajdh1z1 author = Mobiny, Aryan title = Radiologist-Level COVID-19 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7881 sentences = 393 flesch = 49 summary = Motivated by this challenge, our paper proposes a novel learning architecture, called Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks (DECAPS), for the automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Motivated by the urgent need, recent work has developed a number of artificial intelligence models for automatic diagnosis or arXiv:2004.07407v1 [eess.IV] 16 Apr 2020 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks 2 assessment of COVID-19 from CT scans and chest radiographic data [10, 11, 12, 13] . • We propose a novel detail-oriented capsule network architecture capable of identifying fine-grained and discriminative image features to classify COVID-19 patients. To address this limitation, we implemented a unique CapsNet architecture, loss function, and inverted routing mechanism which increases the weight of votes derived from ROIs. This effectively improves the quality of the input information being passed to each parent, thus strengthening the networks ability to build part-whole relationships. cache = ./cache/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-145906-4vgbzcx8 author = Chae, Seo Yoon title = Estimation of Infection Rate and Prediction of Initial Infected Individuals of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1429 sentences = 107 flesch = 62 summary = We estimated the infection rate and the initial infected individuals of COVID-19 by using the officially reported data at the early stage of the epidemic for the susceptible (S), infectable (I), quarantined (Q), and the cofirmed recovered (Rk) population model, so called SIQRk model. In the SIQRk model we can estimated the model parameters and the initial infecting cases (confirmed ans asymtomatic cases) from the data fits. We obtained the infection rate in the range between 0.233 and 0.462, the basic reproduction number Ro in the range between 1.8 and 3.5, and the initial number of infected individuals in the range betwee 10 and 8409 for some selected countries. We propose the parameters included in the dynamic equations and the initial number of infecting cases which is sum of the officially known cases and the unknown population of the asymptomatic cases. cache = ./cache/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-144221-ohorip57 author = Kapoor, Mudit title = Authoritarian Governments Appear to Manipulate COVID Data date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3198 sentences = 194 flesch = 56 summary = First, data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from authoritarian governments show significantly less variation from a 7 day moving average. Second, data on COVID-19 deaths from authoritarian governments do not follow Benford's law, which describes the distribution of leading digits of numbers. Figure 2 plots the natural logarithm of the mean of the squared deviation of daily cases and deaths per million people, respectively, from the 7 day moving average against the EIU's overall democracy index score. We investigate whether governments manipulate data by testing whether the COVID-19 data on cumulative cases and deaths across different regimes (authoritarian, hybrid, flawed democracy, and full democracy) confirms to Benford's law. Natural logarithm of the Mean of squared deviations of observed daily cases and deaths per million people from a 7-day centered moving average, by EIU democracy index score. cache = ./cache/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-140679-r6exuzxs author = Calderon-Ramirez, Saul title = Correcting Data Imbalance for Semi-Supervised Covid-19 Detection Using X-ray Chest Images date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7217 sentences = 448 flesch = 56 summary = In this work we evaluate the performance of the semi-supervised deep learning architecture known as MixMatch using a very limited number of labelled observations and highly imbalanced labelled dataset. This research extends a novel Semi-supervised Deep Learning (SSDL) framework known as MixMatch [10] for the detection of COVID-19 based on chest X-ray images. As typical deep learning architectures require many labelled images, we aim to explore the usage of SSDL for COVID-19 detection using X-ray images, evaluating it under another frequent challenge; data imbalance. We aim to assess MixMatch's performance under real-world scenarios, specifically medical imaging in the context of a virus outbreak, where small labelled samples are available with a strong under-representation of the new pathology, leading to imbalanced datasets. We also make available a first sample of a chest-X ray dataset from the Costa Rican medical private clinic Imagenes Medicas Dr. Chavarria Estrada, with observations containing no findings, and test its usage for training the SSDL framework. cache = ./cache/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-143246-f97v2cih author = Paul, Aneesh Mathews title = Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6063 sentences = 421 flesch = 60 summary = The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author = Nason, Guy P. title = Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3904 sentences = 204 flesch = 60 summary = Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). However, we show that there are considerable and useful similarities in the underlying cyclic (spectral) behaviours of the numbers of new daily COVID-19 cases for a range of different countries (see Extended Data figures). Using data [2] from all of the countries we considered, our results show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases have three underlying cycles: one operating at a wavelength of 2.7 days, a second at 4.1 days and a third at 6.7 days, which we take to be a weekly effect. Given the similarity of the cycles across countries, this indicates that cases could be monitored and pooled across regions, over a short number of days to be fused into longer effective samples using the methods described here. cache = ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-147282-6a1dfzs8 author = Bermudi, Patricia Marques Moralejo title = Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5982 sentences = 285 flesch = 51 summary = title: Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions Thus, this study aims to unveil the spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality at a fine granular level in the city of São Paulo considering the socio-economic context of the population. In the sequence, we obtained the mortality rates for confirmed, suspected, and total COVID-19 deaths by sex and age for the entire period from EW 11th to 24th using Tabnet and e-SIC databases. Table 1 shows the numbers and mortality rates of confirmed, suspected, and total COVID-19 deaths obtained from e-SIC and Tabnet databases from EW 11 th to 24 th by sex and age. The spatial distribution of suspected and confirmed deaths by COVID-19 in the city of Sao Paulo shows inequalities, with spatial dependence and positive correlation associated with socio-economic factors of the areas, remarkably similar to the results of Maciel et al. cache = ./cache/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-154091-uuupn82y author = Xu, Zhanwei title = GASNet: Weakly-supervised Framework for COVID-19 Lesion Segmentation date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6364 sentences = 397 flesch = 56 summary = The proposed framework is designed to mine the potential knowledge contained in many COVID-19 positive and negative CT volumes by embedding Generative Adversarial training in a standard Segmentation Network, referred to as GASNet, and hence its demand for voxel-level annotations is very small. When using only one voxel-level labeled sample in training, GASNet obtains a 70% Dice score on a public COVID-19 lesion segmentation dataset [5] , comparable to representative fully-supervised algorithms (U-Net [21] , V-Net [22] , and UNet ++ [23] ) requiring a large number of voxel-level annotated samples. We will also detail a simple but effective method of generating COVID-19 positive CT volumes with voxel-level pseudo-label to improve the segmentation performance of GASNet. Finally, we provide the implementation details, including the specific structure, data preprocessing, and the training hyperparameters. cache = ./cache/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-152740-ln2dbqn2 author = Najafi, Ali title = ComStreamClust: A communicative text clustering approach to topic detection in streaming data date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4504 sentences = 258 flesch = 64 summary = In order to tackle the aforementioned topic detection problem, we propose a communicative text clustering approach for tweet clustering, which has been applied on the COVID-19 and FA CUP datasets, which is described with greater details in Section 3. The obtained results provide confirmatory evidence that the proposed approach is effective and superior to the existing ones in topic detection on Twitter data. al [13] propose a model based on the universal sentence encoder [14] and transformers [15] to detect the main topics of tweets regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem tackled in this paper can be formally defined as follows: Each data-point is assumed as a quadruple (id, t, ts, s), such that id is a unique value as the identification number; t is the text with at most 280 characters; ts is the timestamp of the tweet including its arrival date and time; and s is the subject of the tweet which is not known in advance. This paper proposed a new topic detection approach using stream clustering on Twitter data. cache = ./cache/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-152881-k1hx1m61 author = Toda, Alexis Akira title = Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Dynamics of COVID-19 and Economic Impact date = 2020-03-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4655 sentences = 361 flesch = 67 summary = This paper aims to help decision making by building a mathematical epidemic model, estimating it using the up-to-date data of COVID-19 cases around the world, making out-of-sample predictions, and discussing optimal policy and economic impact. Due to the high transmission rate and lack of herd immunity, in the absence of mitigation measures such as social distancing, the virus spreads quickly and may infect around 30 percent of the population at the peak of the epidemic. 4 Although the fraction of cases c(t) is likely significantly underestimated because infected individuals do not appear in the data unless they are tested, it does not cause problems for estimating the parameter of interest (the transmission rate β) because under-reporting is absorbed by the constant y 0 in (2.3b), which only affects the onset of the epidemic by a few weeks without changing the overall dynamics (see Figure 5 ). cache = ./cache/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt txt = ./txt/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-152238-z0gysxni author = Aronna, M. Soledad title = A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8883 sentences = 519 flesch = 61 summary = We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. These constants may be used as control parameters, via the tuned lockdown as decided by the public policies (reflecting on p and partially on r), the awareness of the population in respecting the social distancing among individuals and in the widespread use of personal protection equipment (expressed by β and partially by r), the availability of testing kits, that results in a higher or lower value of ρ. In our model, since the groups of active individuals and in r-isolation evolve differently (see Scenario A 4 and Figure 4 below), the time-dependent reproduction number R(t) is given by the formula (4) where ϕ in (5) is cache = ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-147853-h9t7sp4z author = Stephany, Fabian title = The CoRisk-Index: A data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk assessments related to COVID-19 in real-time date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7674 sentences = 396 flesch = 49 summary = The study presented here investigates a potential data source that could provide an empirical basis to identify industry-specific economic risks related to COVID-19 and to inform models on the economic effects of the current crisi. While not all sectors of the economy mention severe short-term risk factors due to the corona-crisis, the dense integration of business activities between all parts of the economy implies that adverse effects of the crisis could likely spread from currently affected industries to others over time. Working hypothesis: SEC 10-K reports contain corona-related information, which allow to track the industryspecific economic risk assessments in near real-time as the economic crisis unfolds. While a one-dimensional categorisation of risk assessments tends to over-simplify the crisis firms are facing, it allows to compare the different industries and to identify those parts of the economy, which currently report more or less severe effecs due to the immediate economic consequences of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-155530-fz9l7rc7 author = Pierson, Emma title = Assessing racial inequality in COVID-19 testing with Bayesian threshold tests date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2782 sentences = 143 flesch = 56 summary = In the case of COVID-19, infra-marginality is not a hypothetical concern: per capita infection rates are much higher in Black populations than white populations, so it is plausible that there might be dramatic differences in the risk distributions. We fit the model to cumulative COVID-19 test and case count data through August 16, 2020 in the US state of Indiana, broken down by race and county (further data details in Appendix A). (2018) proposes a version of the threshold test which incorporates population information, but makes use of only the proportion rather than the absolute population of each race group in each location: eg, the population information provided to their model is that "in County X, 40% of people are Hispanic, 20% are white, and 40% are Black". 3 We infer county-specific COVID-19 testing thresholds for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic populations. cache = ./cache/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-148145-qg5623s7 author = Singh, Bikash Chandra title = COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Subcontinent: A data-driven analysis date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5832 sentences = 338 flesch = 56 summary = More specifically, we use various models (for example, susceptible infection recovery (SIR), exponential growth (EG), sequential Bayesian (SB), maximum likelihood (ML) and time dependent (TD)) to estimate the reproduction numbers and observe the model fitness in the corresponding data set. Since the governments of different countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic seriously, it is important that the researchers estimate: (i) the pandemic regionally based on the basic reproduction number, (ii) the arrival of the peak time, and forecast the time course of the epidemic by analyzing the data on the total number of infected cases, (iii) the total number of confirmed cases, (iv) the total number of deaths, and (v) the total number of cases recovered, etc. In this study, we use SIR, EG, SB, ML and TD models to analyze data to determine the reproduction number and pre-dict the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. cache = ./cache/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-151118-25cbus1m author = Murray, Benjamin title = Accessible Data Curation and Analytics for International-Scale Citizen Science Datasets date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4954 sentences = 256 flesch = 58 summary = To test the performance of the join operator when ExeTera and Pandas are used, we generate a dataset composed of a left primary key (int64), a right foreign key (int64) and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 , and 32 fields respectively of random numbers corresponding to entries in the right table (int32). In this work, we present ExeTera, a data curation and analytics tool designed to provide users with a low complexity solution for working on datasets approaching terabyte scale, such as national / international-scale citizen science datasets like the Covid Symptom Study. ExeTera provides features for cleaning, journaling, and generation of reproducible processing and analytics, enabling large research teams to work with consistent measures and analyses that can be reliably recreated from the base data snapshots. Although ExeTera was developed to provide data curation for researchers working on the Zoe Symptom Study, this software is being developed to be generally applicable to large-scale relational datasets for researchers who work in Python. cache = ./cache/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-155804-ft2pbgsl author = Yamac, Mehmet title = Convolutional Sparse Support Estimator Based Covid-19 Recognition from X-ray Images date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6021 sentences = 347 flesch = 55 summary = To address this deficiency, Convolution Support Estimation Network (CSEN) has recently been proposed as a bridge between model-based and Deep Learning approaches by providing a non-iterative real-time mapping from query sample to ideally sparse representation coefficient' support, which is critical information for class decision in representation based techniques. The socalled Convolutional Support Estimation Network (CSEN) uses a pre-defined dictionary and learns a direct mapping using moderate/low size training set, which maps query samples, y, directly to the support set of representation coefficients, x (as it should be purely sparse in the ideal case). Having the pre-trained CheXNet for feature extraction, we develop two different strategies to obtain the classes of query X-ray images: (i) using collaborative representation-based classification with a proper preprocessing; (ii) a slightly modified version of our recently proposed convolution support estimator (CSEN) models. cache = ./cache/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-168557-xt4bf31r author = Yi, Jirong title = Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1409 sentences = 99 flesch = 69 summary = title: Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints In this paper, we consider the problem of designing optimal pooling matrix for group testing (for example, for COVID-19 virus testing) with the constraint that no more than $r>0$ samples can be pooled together, which we call"dilution constraint". We explicitly give pooling matrix designs that satisfy the dilution constraint and have performance guarantees of identifying anomalous elements, and prove their optimality in saving the largest number of tests, namely showing that the designed matrices have the largest width-to-height ratio among all constraint-satisfying 0-1 matrices. Pooled sample testing has been proposed as a method for increasing the effective capacity of existing testing infrastructure using the classical method of group testing or newly introduced compressed sensing techniques for virus testing [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] using the RT-qPCR (real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA issues first emergency authorization for sample pooling in diagnostic testing cache = ./cache/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-150218-javbnjrg author = Gupta, Prateek title = COVI-AgentSim: an Agent-based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13386 sentences = 673 flesch = 54 summary = We use COVI-AgentSim to perform cost-benefit analyses comparing no DCT to: 1) standard binary contact tracing (BCT) that assigns binary recommendations based on binary test results; and 2) a rule-based method for feature-based contact tracing (FCT) that assigns a graded level of recommendation based on diverse individual features. We call these methods feature-based contact tracing (FCT), and hypothesize they could provide an important and effective means of reducing the spread of the disease, perhaps even more effectively than BCT at lower adoption rates. Recognizing this potential, we propose COVI-AgentSim -a software testbed 2 to design, evaluate and benchmark DCT methods using cost-benefit analysis in terms of lives saved, reduction in effective reproductive number (R t ) of the virus, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and productive hours lost. A key difference in our simulator is the rich set of individual-level features (including e.g. pre-existing medical conditions), which allow us to benchmark feature-based contact tracing methods, and also allow for stratification over a larger variety of subgroups. cache = ./cache/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-153150-rep51ly9 author = Tang, Chen title = Functional data analysis: An application to COVID-19 data in the United States date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7805 sentences = 457 flesch = 61 summary = We explore the modes of variation of the data through a functional principal component analysis (FPCA), and study the canonical correlation between confirmed and death cases. Lastly, we consider a functional time series model fitted to the cumulative confirmed cases in the US, and make forecasts based on the dynamic FPCA. To begin with, we plot the fitted mean curve (which estimates the trend over time), the fitted variance curve (which estimates the subject-specific variation) and the fitted covariance surface of daily confirmed cases across 50 continental states in Figure 3 . Prior to estimating the functional canonical correlation between confirmed cases and death tolls in the US, some additional pre-processing procedures to the data are necessary, as we observe that the date on which the first confirmed case is reported varies significantly across the states, and the number of death counts stays relatively low during the entire study period in several states. cache = ./cache/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-160526-27kmder5 author = Meyer, R. Daniel title = Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9268 sentences = 404 flesch = 39 summary = A number of strategies and recommendations are put forward to assess and address issues related to estimands, missing data, validity and modifications of statistical analysis methods, need for additional analyses, ability to meet objectives and overall trial interpretability. It should continue throughout the conduct of the study in light of the evolving situation and accumulating data, considering regional differences in the infection status and pandemic Determine what additional information needs to be collected in the study database or in the form of input from study investigators in order to adequately monitor, document, and address pandemic-related issues (feasibility to obtain such information and its quality may vary and this needs to be considered as part of the risk factors);  Understand reasons for treatment or study discontinuation and the impact on planned estimands and intercurrent events; cache = ./cache/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-169484-mjtlhh5e author = Pellert, Max title = Dashboard of sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4672 sentences = 272 flesch = 57 summary = To track online emotional expressions of the Austrian population close to real-time during the COVID-19 pandemic, we build a self-updating monitor of emotion dynamics using digital traces from three different data sources. The interactive dashboard showcasing our data is available online under http://www.mpellert.at/covid19_monitor_austria/. We gather these data in the form of text from platforms such as Twitter and news forums, where large groups of users discuss timely issues. To fill a gap, we build a dashboard with processed data from three different sources to track the sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19. In addition, measures that strongly affect people's daily lives over a long period of time, as well as high level of uncertainty, likely contribute to the unprecedented changes of collective emotional expression in online social media. cache = ./cache/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-164374-d3zojh1g author = Chowdhury, Aritra title = Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4582 sentences = 347 flesch = 52 summary = title: Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages Inspired by human communication of complex ideas through language, we propose a symbolic framework based on emergent languages for the segmentation of COVID-19 infections in CT scans of lungs. We propose a symbolic, game theoretic approach based on emergent languages to understand segmentation outputs in the context of lung infections in chest CT scans. We show, how we can significantly improve the performance of deep learning based segmentation networks by incorporating a symbolic layer that generates emergent language sentences. In this section, we detail relevant work in the area of segmentation of CT, medical image analysis of COVID-19 data, Emergent Languages and model interpretability in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) Therefore, we consider our symbolic semantic segmentation framework to provide a different paradigm of deep learning based segmentation, where we use the emergent symbolic language to understand and interpret the models with respect to the inputs and outputs. cache = ./cache/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-151667-nz26lxyk author = Born, Jannis title = Accelerating COVID-19 Differential Diagnosis with Explainable Ultrasound Image Analysis date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5985 sentences = 275 flesch = 48 summary = We provide the largest publicly available lung ultrasound (US) dataset for COVID-19 consisting of 106 videos from three classes (COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls); curated and approved by medical experts. Here, we provide the first study of automatic lung ultrasound analysis for differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia; aiming to develop a medical decision support tool. Literature on exploiting medical image analysis and computer vision techniques to classify or segment CT or CXR data of COVID-19 patients recently exploded (for reviews, see Shi et al. In comparison to a naïve, frame-based video classifier (obtained by averaging scores of all frames), we also investigate Models Genesis, a generic model for 3D medical image analysis pretrained on lung CT scans [54] . Concerning per-class prediction accuracies, it is evident that bacterial pneumonia infections are distinguished best, with recall, precision, and specificity above 0.93 for VGG and VGG-CAM, indicating the models' ability to recognize strong irregularities in lung images. cache = ./cache/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-170666-zjwlmzj3 author = Liu, Shinan title = Characterizing Service Provider Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5176 sentences = 256 flesch = 55 summary = We study three questions: (1)How did traffic demands change in the United States as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic?; (2)What effects have these changes had on Internet performance?; (3)How did service providers respond to these changes? The changes in usage patterns have resulted in corresponding changes in network traffic demands observed by Internet service providers. Although there have been several preliminary measurements of the effects of the COVID-19 response, none have holistically studied traffic data, performance analysis, routing data, and ISP capacity information together, as we do in this paper. We focus on the capacity changes during lockdown by inspecting two data sources: (1) to understand how ISPs responded by adding capacity to interconnects, we study the interconnect capacity of two large ISPs in the United States; and (2) to understand how video service providers expanded their network footprints in response to increasing demand, we analyze IPv4 address space from two major video conference providers-WebEx and Zoom-and find that both providers substantially increased advertised IP address space. cache = ./cache/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-168974-w80gndka author = Ozkaya, Umut title = Coronavirus (COVID-19) Classification using Deep Features Fusion and Ranking Technique date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3585 sentences = 254 flesch = 59 summary = In this study, a novel method was proposed as fusing and ranking deep features to detect COVID-19 in early phase. Within the scope of the proposed method, 3000 patch images have been labelled as CoVID-19 and No finding for using in training and testing phase. According to other pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models used in transfer learning, the proposed method shows high performance on Subset-2 with 98.27% accuracy, 98.93% sensitivity, 97.60% specificity, 97.63% precision, 98.28% F1-score and 96.54% Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) metrics. When the studies in the literature are examined, Shan et al proposed a neural network model called VB-Net in order to segment the COVID-19 regions in CT images. were able to successfully diagnose COVID-19 using deep learning models that could obtain graphical features in CT images [8] . Deep features were obtained with pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. In the study, deep features were obtained by using pre-trained CNN networks. cache = ./cache/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-168579-w2lsg7go author = Lee, Minha title = Human Mobility Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3907 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. We explore the mobility variations regarding the COVID-19 progression and government stay-at-home orders by applying the metrics that are closely related to social distancing. Then the statewide trend analysis further evaluates the public reaction stability based on one measure, the percentage of people staying home, which we believe to have a high correlation with social distancing. In order to provide an integrated perspective on public reactions related to the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical interventions, we examine the day-by-day mobility variations across the U.S. by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt txt = ./txt/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-171089-z4oya6kz author = Liu, Meijun title = Can pandemics transform scientific novelty? Evidence from COVID-19 date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9623 sentences = 465 flesch = 46 summary = Our analysis of 58,728 coronavirus papers suggests that scientific novelty measured by the BioBERT model that is pre-trained on 29 million PubMed articles, and parachuting collaboration dramatically increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, while international collaboration witnessed a sudden decrease. Building on the "knowledge recombination" theory (4) and the combinatorial perspective of novelty (3, 9) , we assess papers' scientific novelty by quantifying how extraordinary a combination of bio-entities is in a coronavirus-related paper using BioBERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining) (10), a language model that is pre-trained on 29 million PubMed articles. We examine the association between monthly change in scientific novelty, parachuting collaboration ratio and international collaboration of coronavirus papers by 50 sampled countries and their status as a confirmed COVID-19 infection site from January 2018 to April 2020 by month. cache = ./cache/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-158545-qp5aemzw author = Stier, Andrew J. title = COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2529 sentences = 128 flesch = 53 summary = Here, we estimate the growth rates and reproductive numbers of COVID-19 in US cities from March 14th through March 19th to reveal a power-law scaling relationship to city population size. This means that COVID-19 is spreading faster on average in larger cities with the additional implication that, in an uncontrolled outbreak, larger fractions of the population are expected to become infected in more populous urban areas. The growth rate of COVID-19 cases is approximately 2.4 times faster in New York-Newark-Jersey compared to Oak Harbour, WA (b) In the absence of effective controls, larger cities are expected to have more extensive epidemics than smaller cities, Eq. Second, the size of an epidemic outbreak, as measured by the percent of the population that becomes infected, is also related to the reproductive number. In order to estimate the reproductive number R we multiplied the growth rate of each city, r, by an average infections period of 1/γ = 4.5 days and adding one (see below). cache = ./cache/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-159554-50077dgk author = Shan, Fei title = Lung Infection Quantification of COVID-19 in CT Images with Deep Learning date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3544 sentences = 186 flesch = 47 summary = For fast manual delineation of training samples and possible manual intervention of automatic results, a human-in-the-loop (HITL) strategy has been adopted to assist radiologists for infection region segmentation, which dramatically reduced the total segmentation time to 4 minutes after 3 iterations of model updating. By reducing and combining feature map channels, not only the model size and inference time are greatly reduced, but also cross-channel features are effectively fused via convolusion, which makes VB-Net more applicable to deal with large 3D volumetric data than traditional V-Net. Training samples with detailed delineation of each infection region are required for the proposed VB-Net. However, it is a labor-intensive work for radiologists to annotate hundreds of COVID-19 CT scans. To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of segmentation and measurement, infection regions on 300 CT scans of 300 COVID-19 patients were manually contoured by two radiologists (W.S. and F.S., with 12 and 19 years of experience in chest radiology, respectively) to serve as the reference standard. cache = ./cache/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-167889-um3djluz author = Chen, Jianguo title = A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Against COVID-19 date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12248 sentences = 768 flesch = 50 summary = The progress of CT image inspection based on AI usually includes the following steps: Region Of Interest (ROI) segmentation, lung tissue feature extraction, candidate infection region detection, and COVID-19 classification. Data sources Methods Country/region Huang [82] Yang [231] , WHO [216] CNN, LSTM, MLP, GRU China Hu [80, 81] The Paper [148] , WHO [216] MAE, clustering China Yang [233] Baidu [16] SEIR, LSTM China Fong [51, 52] NHC [139] SVM, PNN China Ai [3] WHO [54, 216] ANFIS, FPA China, USA Rizk [168] WHO [216] ISACL-MFNN USA, Italy, Spain Giuliani [62] Italy [144] EMTMGL Italy Ayyoubzadeh [14] Worldometer [218] , Google [201] LR, LSTM Iran Marini [129, 130] Swiss population Enerpol Switzerland Lai [110] IATA [126] , Worldpop [219] ML Global Punn [155] JHU CSSE [49] SVR, PR, DNN, LSTM, RNN Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model cache = ./cache/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-171660-iqgi1906 author = Yin, Hui title = Detecting Topic and Sentiment Dynamics Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Using Social Media date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3440 sentences = 191 flesch = 56 summary = In this work, we propose a novel framework to analyze the topic and sentiment dynamics due to COVID-19 from the massive social media posts. Based on a collection of 13 million tweets related to COVID-19 over two weeks, we found that the positive sentiment shows higher ratio than the negative sentiment during the study period. Such massive personal posts from social media could become invaluable data sources for large-scale sentiment and topic mining for monitoring people's mental health across different events or topics [21] . With the spreading of COVID-19 across the world, researchers have proposed to use sentiment analysis based on social media as a tool to monitor people's mental health. [15] adopted a classic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model method to generate 10 topics in a random sample of 18,000 tweets about coronavirus, then they used NRC sentiment dictionary to calculate the presence of eight different emotions, which were "anger", "anticipation", "disgust", "fear", "joy", "sadness", "surprise" and "trust". cache = ./cache/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt txt = ./txt/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-168710-a5pst4gf author = Jalilian, Abdollah title = A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4576 sentences = 277 flesch = 53 summary = In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. To account for the underlying temporal and spatial autocorrelation structure in the spread of COVID-19, available data on the daily number of new cases and deaths in different countries/regions have already been analyzed in a considerable number of studies. Variations of the random rate Λ it relative to the expected number of cases E it provide useful information about the spatio-temporal risk of COVID-19 in the whole spatial domain of interest during the study period. For example, a histogram with heights Table 4 presents the Bayesian estimates (posterior means) for every parameter of the considered model fitted to the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Spain, Italy and Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-154587-qbmm5st9 author = Nguyen, Thanh Thi title = Artificial Intelligence in the Battle against Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Survey and Future Research Directions date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8182 sentences = 463 flesch = 43 summary = We separate surveyed papers into different groups that include: deep learning algorithms for medical image processing, data science methods for pandemic modelling, AI and the Internet of Things (IoT), AI for text mining and NLP, and AI in computational biology and medicine. Another deep learning method based on the concatenation between the location-attention mechanism and the threedimensional CNN ResNet-18 network [6] is proposed in [9] to detect coronavirus cases using pulmonary CT images. Radiology images such as chest X-ray and CT scans are high-dimensional data that require processing capabilities of deep learning methods in which CNN-based models are common and most suitable (e.g. LeNet [2] , AlexNet [3] , GoogLeNet [4] , VGG Net [5] and ResNet [6] ). These applications range from medical diagnosis based on chest radiology images, virus transmission modelling and forecasting based on number of cases time series and IoT data, text mining and NLP to capture the public awareness of virus prevention measures, to biological data analysis for drug discovery. cache = ./cache/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-158252-l43ztxsl author = Pawlowski, Colin title = Longitudinal laboratory testing tied to PCR diagnostics in COVID-19 patients reveals temporal evolution of distinctive coagulopathy signatures date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6126 sentences = 221 flesch = 35 summary = We found that compared to COVIDneg at the time of clinical presentation and diagnostic testing, COVIDpos patients tended to have higher plasma fibrinogen levels and similarly low platelet counts, with approximately 25% of patients in both cohorts showing outright thrombocytopenia. To this end, we instituted a holistic data science platform across an academic health care system that enables machine intelligence to augment the curation of phenotypes and outcomes from 15.2 million EHR clinical notes and associated 3 million lab tests from 1,192 COVID-19positive (COVIDpos) and 47,344 confirmed COVID-19-negative (COVIDneg) patients over a retrospectively defined 2-month observation period straddling the date of the PCR test (see Methods). Conversely, platelet counts were lower in the COVIDpos cohort at the time of clinical presentation but tended to increase over the subsequent 10 days to levels significantly higher than those in COVIDneg patients (Cohen's D = 0.361, BH-adjusted Mann-Whitney p-value = 0.008, Table 2, Figure 2B ). cache = ./cache/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-162772-5jgqgoet author = Viguerie, Alex title = Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3166 sentences = 168 flesch = 47 summary = title: Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion Additional simulations exploring alternative scenarios for the relaxation of lockdown restrictions suggest that reopening strategies should account for local population densities and the specific dynamics of the contagion. These initial conditions correspond to the data provided by Lab24 [1] from the date 27 February 2020, featuring a severe outbreak in the province of Lodi, and moderate numbers of exposed and infected individuals in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia, and Cremona (see Fig. 2 ). In Fig. 2 , we demonstrate the remarkable qualitative agreement in the outbreak dynamics between our model forecasts and data in the three main affected areas: Milan, Bergamo, and Brescia. Thus, our results suggest that maintenance of lockdown measures in high-population, high-density areas like Milan may be necessary for longer times to effectively arrest the spread of contagious diseases like COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-171868-315udu9w author = Hussein, Molla Rashied title = Overview of digital health surveillance system during COVID-19 pandemic: public health issues and misapprehensions date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1371 sentences = 87 flesch = 50 summary = Artificial intelligence and 5G networks combine the advanced digital healthcare surveillance system; whereas Bluetooth-based contact tracing systems have fewer privacy concerns. The COVID-19 shows the necessity of automated contact tracing to track down newly infected cases, control, and predict the real time spreading. Some countries developed systems without considering user privacy, whereas many followed the Singapore model based on Bluetooth data exchanges on contact [3] . Numerous digital health surveillance systems (DHSSs) are used in several countries to identify infected people, observe mobility, and narrow down the tranmission risks. However, authorities need to be ethical and cautious regarding privacy and security, while appling DHSS for preventing public health mishaps. Internet of Things (IoT) creates a common platform to access data by the public health agencies to observe COVID-19 pandemic [8] . Contact tracing is found to be an essential public health approach to fight the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-171703-n22tr8f2 author = Hanmo, Li title = Robust estimation of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic at US counties date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13227 sentences = 452 flesch = 65 summary = In this work, we propose a robust approach of integrating test data and death toll to estimate COVID-19 transmission characteristics by a Susceptible, Infectious, Resolving (but not infectious), Deceased and reCovered (SIRDC) model initially studied in 7 . We have developed a novel approach to integrate test data and death toll to estimate probability of contracting COVID-19, as well as the time-dependent transmission rate and the number of active infectious individuals at the county level in the US. Furthermore, when we reduce the infectious period by 10% (or equivalently 4.5 days in total), while the transmission rate (β t in SIRDC model) is held the same, the PoC SARS-CoV-2 is reduced by 5 times for 26 counties in Washington and 146 counties in Texas, shown in Extended Data Figure 4 . cache = ./cache/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-169141-71qh6yjr author = Krieg, Steven J. title = Pandemic Pulse: Unraveling and Modeling Social Signals during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2068 sentences = 110 flesch = 56 summary = Our preliminary results show that the number of COVID-19-related news articles published immediately after the World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11, and that since that time have steadily decreased---regardless of changes in the number of cases or public policies. We collected COVID-19 case data from Johns Hopkins Univerisity [11] , news data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) [13] , web search data from Google trends, media bias labels from Media Bias/Fact Check [8] and AllSides [5], social distancing data from Unacast [15] , and demographic data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 ]. Our current data includes COVID-19 case data, demographic data, longitudinal news and web search trends, media bias data, and mobility reports, but there are many other types of social signals that could be studied in order to better understand and model the effects of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-171231-m54moffr author = Habli, Ibrahim title = Enhancing Covid-19 Decision-Making by Creating an Assurance Case for Simulation Models date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2233 sentences = 110 flesch = 45 summary = When making claims about risk in safety-critical systems, it is common practice to produce an assurance case, which is a structured argument supported by evidence with the aim to assess how confident we should be in our risk-based decisions. Similar to engineered safety-critical systems, e.g. flight control software or pacemakers, the rigour and transparency with which these simulation models are developed should be proportionate to their criticality to, and influence on, public health policy -this is true for COVID-19 but also holds for other models used to support such critical decision-making. In safety-critical systems engineering it is common practice to produce an assurance case -a structured, explicit argument supported by evidence [3] . We argue that such a case has the potential to enable a wider understanding, and a critical review, of the expected benefits, limitations and assumptions that underpin the development of the simulation models and the extent to which these issues, including the different sources of uncertainty, are considered in the policy decision-making process. cache = ./cache/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-172814-rywu0xp5 author = Chen, M. Keith title = Causal Estimation of Stay-at-Home Orders on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3790 sentences = 177 flesch = 47 summary = To mitigate the severity of the ongoing COVID pandemic, governments have launched a range of social distancing policies including, by early April, mandatory stay-at-home orders (SHOs) in forty-five U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Utilizing device-level geolocation data for 10 million U.S. smartphones to measure individual movement, combined with precinct-level election outcomes and block-group level demographics, we estimate the causal effect of SHOs on daily movement-and what drives non-compliance. Examining correlations between aggregate distancing behavior and political make-up can misestimate partisan responses to stay-at-home orders because Democrat-leaning counties account for the overwhelming majority of COVID cases, at all phases of the epidemic (Fig. S5 ). By regressing new COVID diagnoses on observed daily (lagged) movement, we estimate that for every 10% decrease in meters traveled by residents, the local transmission rate decreases by 4.3% (column 3). Regression 2 then estimates the effect of movement on local transmission (i.e., within an infected individual's county) controlling for any social distancing policies. cache = ./cache/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-177610-8aodvgww author = Groza, Adrian title = Detecting fake news for the new coronavirus by reasoning on the Covid-19 ontology date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3496 sentences = 296 flesch = 62 summary = Since there is a lot of trusted medical knowledge already formalised, I investigate here how an ontology on Covid-19 could be used to signal fake news. We here the FRED tool, that takes a text an natural language and outputs a formalisation in description logic. Let the myth "Hand dryers are effective in killing the new coronavirus", whose automatic translation in DL appears in Figure 1 . The role involves from the boxing ontology is used to relate situation 1 with the instance hand dryers: Note that Fred has successfully linked the information from the myth with relevant concepts from DBpedia, Verbnet, or Dolce ontologies. Here, the core Covid-19 ontology is enriched with axioms generated by Fred fed with facts in natural language. This is preliminary work on combining two heavy machineries: natural language processing and ontology reasoning aiming to signal fake information related to Covid-19 . cache = ./cache/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-175149-pwntqqtd author = Oniani, David title = A Qualitative Evaluation of Language Models on Automatic Question-Answering for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4953 sentences = 314 flesch = 56 summary = In this paper, we propose to apply a language model for automatically answering questions related to COVID-19 and qualitatively evaluate the generated responses. To address these issues, we propose to develop a chatbot enhanced by neural language models that is able to automatically answer questions related to COVID-19 through conversational interactions. • We applied and compared the performance of four embedding generation approaches, namely tf-idf (Term Frequency -Inverse Document Frequency) [18] , Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) [42] , BioBERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining) [28] , and Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) [14] for refining the automatically generated answers. We have therefore decided to further filter the responses via applying embedding generation algorithms and models such as tf-idf, BERT, BioBERT, and USE and then using semantic similarity approaches such as cosine similarity and inner product. cache = ./cache/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-176481-12ny6l5a author = Burridge, Henry C. title = Airborne infection R-numbers for regularly attended spaces: COVID-19 a case-study date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5266 sentences = 223 flesch = 54 summary = In our present article, we focus on assessing the risk of infection of respiratory diseases via the airborne route, taking COVID-19 as an example; ultimately, deriving a methodology for calculating a meaningful R-number for any indoor space that is regularly attended by the same group of people and any airborne disease for which the duration over which infectors remain pre/asymptomatic is known (within some bounds). Rudnick & Milton (2003) greatly extended the practical application of the Wells-Riley model; removing the need to assume the indoor space was in steady-steady and, crucially, negating the need to assess nor assume the rate of ventilation of outdoor air -a notoriously difficult quantity to measure robustly (see Appendix B for a detailed discussion). To examine the effects of a particular change in conditions within a given indoor space, e.g. change in ventilation rate, occupancy level/behaviour, etc..., it is informative to define a 'base case' scenario for which the likelihood of infection during a time interval T is P 0 and quantify the airborne infection risk of chosen scenarios relative to the base case. cache = ./cache/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-176636-wzuhnfwp author = Malhotra, Aakarsh title = Multi-Task Driven Explainable Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Chest X-ray Images date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5069 sentences = 369 flesch = 56 summary = authors: Malhotra, Aakarsh; Mittal, Surbhi; Majumdar, Puspita; Chhabra, Saheb; Thakral, Kartik; Vatsa, Mayank; Singh, Richa; Chaudhury, Santanu; Pudrod, Ashwin; Agrawal, Anjali Fig. 1 shows samples of chest x-ray images with different lung abnormalities including COVID-19. In this research, we propose a deep learning network termed as COVID-19 Multi-Task Network (CMTNet), which learns the abnormalities present in the chest x-ray images to differ-entiate between a COVID-19 affected lung and a Non-COVID affected lung. The proposed CMTNet simultaneously processes the input X-ray for semantic lung segmentation, disease localization, and healthy/unhealthy classification. 1) Develop COVID-19 Multi-Task Network (CMTNet) for classification and segmentation of the lung and disease 1 regions. 5) Creating and publicly releasing manual annotations for lung semantic segmentation for healthy, unhealthy, and COVID-19 affected X-ray images. The four tasks of CMTNet are (i) lung localization, (ii) disease localization, (iii) healthy/unhealthy classification and (iv) multi-label classification for COVID-19 prediction. cache = ./cache/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-179749-qdbmpi7j author = Sacks, Daniel W. title = What can we learn about SARS-CoV-2 prevalence from testing and hospital data? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10732 sentences = 621 flesch = 56 summary = We estimate upper and lower bounds on the prevalence of the virus in the general population and the population of non-COVID hospital patients under weak assumptions on who gets tested, using Indiana data on hospital inpatient records linked to SARS-CoV-2 virological tests. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measuring the point-in-time prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the overall population using data on patients who are hospitalized for non-COVID reasons. The combination of these assumptions with linked testinghospital data leads to relatively tight upper and lower bounds on the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the overall population in Indiana in each week from mid-March to mid-June. We maintain the test monotonicity assumption throughout, and we derive upper and lower bounds on prevalence in the population under two alternative assumptions about the representativeness of non-COVID hospitalizations for the broader population. Equivalently, the independence assumption implies that SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is the same among people who are hospitalized for non-COVID conditions and the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-175085-nmuxnf7k author = Mehrotra, Sanjay title = A Model of Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4538 sentences = 260 flesch = 57 summary = The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. The results also suggest that in the worse-than-average to severe demand scenario cases, NY requires between 7,600-9,200 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. In this section, we present a multi-period planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. More precisely, we considered four different cases to generate random samples for the number of ventilators needed to care for COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the developed model is applicable to the current COVID-19 pandemic, where many US states are in dire need of mechanical ventilators to provide life-support to severely-and critically-ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-174036-b3frnfr7 author = Thomas, Loring J. title = Spatial Heterogeneity Can Lead to Substantial Local Variations in COVID-19 Timing and Severity date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6666 sentences = 268 flesch = 44 summary = Based on simulations of unrestricted COVID-19 diffusion in 19 U.S cities, we conclude that heterogeneity in population distribution can have large impacts on local pandemic timing and severity, even when aggregate behavior at larger scales mirrors a classic SIR-like pattern. These results demonstrate the potential for spatial network structure to generate highly non-uniform diffusion behavior even at the scale of cities, and suggest the importance of incorporating such structure when designing models to inform healthcare planning, predict community outcomes, or identify potential disparities. In this paper, we examine the potential impact of local spatial heterogeneity on COVID-19, modeling the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 in populations whose contacts are based on spatially plausible network structures. The disease diffuses through the contact network, with currently infectious individuals infecting susceptible neighbors as a continous time Poisson process with a rate estimated from mortality data (see supplement); recovered or deceased individuals are not considered infectious for modeling purposes. cache = ./cache/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-182237-brzv7z2n author = Rizk-Allah, Rizk M. title = COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3962 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = title: COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network The proposed forecasting model, named ISACL-MFNN, integrates an improved interior search algorithm (ISA) based on chaotic learning (CL) strategy into a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MFNN). The process of algorithm is continued for updating the solutions (parameters) iteratively until the stop condition is reached, and then the achieved best parameters are invoked for configuring the structure of the MFNN model to perform the forecasting and analyzing the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The proposed ISACL algorithm is developed via two improvements which are the composition group based on individuals' experience to emphasize the diversity of the population, and chaotic learning strategy is carried out on the best solution to improve its quality during the optimization process. cache = ./cache/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-178783-894gkrsk author = Zhang, Rui title = Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8155 sentences = 496 flesch = 45 summary = In one early study, a virus-related knowledge graph which consists of drug-target and protein-protein interactions and similarity networks from publicly available databases (e.g., DrugBank [36] , ChEMBL [37] , BioGRID [38] ) was constructed and network-based machine learning and statistical analysis were used to predict an initial list of COVID-19 drug candidates. SemMedDB has supported a wide range of computational applications, ranging from gene regulatory network inference [76] to in silico screening for drug repurposing [55] and medical reasoning [77] , and has also found widespread use for literature-based knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation [44, 48, [78] [79] [80] . In this study, we trained our models on semantic relations extracted from publications dated 03/11/2020 or earlier and tested whether they can predict the drugs that have been proposed for COVID-19 since then or have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we proposed an approach that combines literature-based discovery and knowledge graph completion for COVID-19 drug repurposing. cache = ./cache/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-189256-72eumkal author = Santosh, Roshan title = Detecting Emerging Symptoms of COVID-19 using Context-based Twitter Embeddings date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2869 sentences = 178 flesch = 56 summary = More generally, the method can be applied to finding context-specific words and texts (e.g. symptom mentions) in large imbalanced corpora (e.g. all tweets mentioning #COVID-19). We evaluate our graph-based approach on 2 different datasets, with each dataset having a different context -1) COVID-19 Symptom Detection; and 2) Adverse Drug Reaction Identification. With the 1 million COVID-19 tweet dataset, we use cough as the seed word, k = 0.3, maxDepth = 3 and n = 5 to test our approach. Evaluation Similar to COVID-19 symptom detection evaluation, we evaluate the model's performance for ADR detection, where a positive word represents an adverse reaction to a drug (Table 3) . In this study, we present an iterative learning approach to generate such a "master" list of COVID-19 symptoms, using the identification of words matching a specific symptom context. cache = ./cache/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt txt = ./txt/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-184685-ho72q46e author = Huang, Tongtong title = Population stratification enables modeling effects of reopening policies on mortality and hospitalization rates date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4849 sentences = 244 flesch = 46 summary = We present the development of a forecasting model using local fine-grained hospital-level data to track the changes in hospitalization and mortality rates owing to reopening orders in the greater Houston area encompassing nine counties in the state of Texas, USA. We demonstrated our new approach using a policy-aware risk-Stratified Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered Hospitalization-Critical-Dead (SSIR-HCD) model, which compared favorably to existing methods (including our neural network latent space modeling, a nonlinear extension of SIR-HCD). • Epidemiology based dynamic models based on grouping populations into a discrete set of compartments (i.e., states), and defining ordinary differential equations (ODE) rate equations describing the movement of people between compartments: SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered) models and their myriad variants are examples in this category. Our SSIR-HCD model forecasts fine-grained COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality by accounting for the impact of local policies. cache = ./cache/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-177001-ron8oqrn author = Afshordi, Niayesh title = Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9979 sentences = 420 flesch = 47 summary = Compared to the linear model of the previous section (Table 1b) Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States individual's probability of becoming infectious, and the distributions of incubation period and generation interval, all as a function of the median age of the population (see Supplementary Material). To obtain the simplest nontrivial incubation period, we assume that β(C) =β Θ(C − 1)where Θ(x) is the Heaviside step function -meaning Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States that an infected individual is only infectious once they reach stage C = 1, and the infection rate constant is otherwise unchanging. cache = ./cache/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-183600-wxfq90zq author = Arthur, Rudy title = Studying the UK Job Market During the COVID-19 Crisis with Online Job Ads date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4378 sentences = 261 flesch = 64 summary = Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. For example [17] show a 44% drop in vacancy postings between February and April in the US, observed across occupational categories (essential or non-essential work) as well as states which may have had different lockdown policies. Analysis of vacancy postings in Sweden, which has had probably the least restrictive lockdown in Europe, shows a drop in job adverts by around 40% [16] . In this section we will examine how the effect of the crisis on vacancies was distributed across the UK; we will compare regions which were affected to different degrees by COVID-19 and examine if local lockdowns have a compounding effect on depressing the job vacancy data. cache = ./cache/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-180457-047iqerh author = Gorrell, Genevieve title = MP Twitter Abuse in the Age of COVID-19: White Paper date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5684 sentences = 329 flesch = 61 summary = Following Mr Johnson's recovery, with rising economic concerns and anger about lockdown violations by influential figures, abuse levels began to rise in May. 1,902 replies to MPs within the study period were found containing hashtags or terms that refute the existence of the virus (e.g. This white paper charts Twitter abuse in replies to UK MPs, and a number of other prominent/relevant accounts, from before the start of the pandemic in the [1] Page 2 "infodemic": https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf, https://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/technology-51497800 [2] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-52731624, https://www.independent.co.uk/ news/world/middle-east/iran-coronavirus-methanol-drink-cure-deaths-fake-a9429956. [4] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/black-people-four-times-morelikely-to-die-from-covid-19-ons-finds [5] https://www.pewresearch.org/pathways-2020/COVIDCREATE/main_source_of_ election_news/us_adults Methodology In this work we utilize a large tweet collection on which a natural language processing has been performed in order to identify abusive language. Difference in responses to different parties Fig 3 shows abuse received as a percentage of all replies received by MPs, for each of the time periods studied in more detail below. https://twitter.com/BorisJohnson/status/1238365263764041728 (9% of replies were abusive, tweet received 3% of all abuse to MPs in the period). cache = ./cache/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-192409-vhd7gjmf author = Goldstein, Elisha title = COVID-19 Classification of X-ray Images Using Deep Neural Networks date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3395 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate a machine learning model for diagnosis of COVID-19, and to provide a tool for searching for similar patients according to their X-ray scans. In this retrospective study, a classifier was built using a pre-trained deep learning model (ReNet50) and enhanced by data augmentation and lung segmentation to detect COVID-19 in frontal CXR images collected between January 2018 and July 2020 in four hospitals in Israel. A large dataset of images from portable X-rays was sourced and used to train a network that can detect COVID-19 in the images with high reliability and to develop a tool for retrieving CXR images that are similar to each other. The code development and analysis was performed by six of the authors who are not radiologists This study includes CXR images from 1384 patients, 360 with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis and 1024 negative, totaling 2427 CXRs. Patients' COVID-19 labels were determined by a combination of RT-PCR testing and clinical assessment by the physicians. cache = ./cache/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-186831-724br56j author = Chen, Xiaocong title = Momentum Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot COVID-19 Diagnosis from Chest CT Images date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4248 sentences = 284 flesch = 60 summary = To this end, we propose a new deep learning algorithm for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19, which only requires a few samples for training. To this end, we propose a new deep learning algorithm for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19, which only requires a few samples for training. Specifically, we use contrastive learning to train an encoder which can capture expressive feature representations on large and publicly available lung datasets and adopt the prototypical network for classification. Specifically, we use contrastive learning to train an encoder which can capture expressive feature representations on large and publicly available lung datasets and adopt the prototypical network for classification. Finally, we utilized two public lung datasets to pre-train an embedding network and employ the prototypical network (Snell et al., 2017) to conduct the few-shot classification, which learns a metric space where the classification can be performed by measuring the distances to the derived prototypical representation of each class. cache = ./cache/cord-186831-724br56j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-186831-724br56j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-185125-be11h9wn author = Baldea, Ioan title = What Can We Learn from the Time Evolution of COVID-19 Epidemic in Slovenia? date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2402 sentences = 146 flesch = 51 summary = In the unprecedented difficulty created by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, 1 mathematical modeling developed by epidemiologists over many decades 2-7 may make an important contribution in helping politics to adopt adequate regulations to efficiently fight against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus while mitigating negative economical and social consequences. As an aggravating circumstance, one should also add the difficulty not encountered in the vast majority of previous studies: how do the input parameters needed in model simulations change in time under so many restrictive measures (wearing face masks, social distancing, movement restrictions, isolation and quarantine policies, etc) unknown in the pre-COVID-19 era? Rather, we use raw epidemiological data to validate the logistic growth and straightforwardly extract the time dependent infection rate, which is the relevant model parameter for the specific case considered and makes it possible to compare how efficient different restrictive measures act to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, and even to get insight significant for behavioral and social science. cache = ./cache/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-198272-s0lk1812 author = Bairagi, Anupam Kumar title = Controlling the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Noncooperative Game Perspective date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5574 sentences = 375 flesch = 58 summary = Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is interpreted with the help of our proposed game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing where there exists a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we perform an extensive numerical analysis that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of achieving the desired social-distancing to prevent the outbreak of the COVID-19 in a noncooperative environment. Therefore, different from the existing literature, we focus on the design of a model that can measure individual's isolation and social distance to prevent the epidemic of COVID-19. The model considers both isolation and social distancing features of individuals to control the outbreak of COVID-19. Our objective is to keep δ minimum for reducing the spread of COVID-19 from infected individuals, which is an isolation strategy. In this paper, we have introduced a mathematical model for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19 by augmenting isolation and social distancing features of individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt txt = ./txt/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-189629-7qaqu02f author = Tan, Tao title = Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4741 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = title: Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 Artificial intelligence (AI) assisted X-ray based applications for triaging and monitoring require experienced radiologists to identify COVID patients in a timely manner and to further delineate the disease region boundary are seen as a promising solution. Although the performance of some systems approaches the level of radiologists on X-rays in terms of classification, but to our best knowledge, no studies have verified the detection and segmentation of the disease regions against human annotation on X-rays. For location, the network generates a segmentation mask to identify disease pixels or regions on X-ray related to COVID-19 or regular pneumonia. We evaluated our approach in three seperate aspects: first, AI predictions were compared with the image-level classification labels; second, the segmentation of disease regions for the COVID class was evaluated against direct X-ray pixel-wise annotations. cache = ./cache/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-180835-sgu7ayvw author = Kolic, Blas title = Data-driven modeling of public risk perception and emotion on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8284 sentences = 398 flesch = 52 summary = By inspecting the correlations between the NLSs and the epidemiological indicators, we find that as the pandemic intensifies -in the sense of an increasing number of cases and deaths reported daily -our emotional response diminishes, as expected from a psychophysical numbing phenomenon. Altogether, this analysis demonstrates that words indicating a subjective emotional/affective experience and words related to death are well-separated in this Twitter data, which is consistent with the notion of psychophysical numbing as an explanation for the trends and correlations observed in Figures 1 and 2 . We also showed that the psychophysical laws of Weber-Fechner and of power law perception in humans accurately model the relationship between the frequency of words related to death and the actual daily number of Covid-19 deaths in each country. cache = ./cache/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-187703-40382yjq author = Buzzell, Andrew title = COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation on Social Networks -- The Limits of Veritistic Countermeasures date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 150 flesch = 31 summary = Efforts to combat misinformation typically focus on the extent to which targeted content is both false and harmful, and Levy (2018) argues such content can be described as epistemic pollutionwhich degrades the information environment and interferes with social epistemic practices that rely on trust. This is a key feature of many forms of disinformation and propaganda (Derakhshan and Wardle 2017 call of 3 12 this "mal-information"), a category some COVID-19 misinformation belongs to, and one which can't be combatted directly with fact-checks and moderation tools operating within the pollution model. Social network responses to COVID-19 misinformation have included efforts to remove epistemic pollution by way of algorithmic and human moderation, architectural modifications to alter the circulation and perception of some information, promotion of domain expertise, and active policing of influential accounts. cache = ./cache/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-195263-i4wyhque author = Heider, Philipp title = COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4353 sentences = 236 flesch = 54 summary = In a publication by Chowell et Al (4), published in October 2016, for example, the dynamics of epidemics were examined using various basic concepts Advanced SIR models were used to determine how the predicted number of cases and the number of reproductions change over time and differ when exponential growth is assumed on the one hand and subexponential/polynomial growth on the other in a generalized growth model. It is difficult to estimate how credible the simulations of the pandemic models currently are, so it remains to be seen whether the spread of the pandemic can be effectively reduced by the measures taken. It is difficult to estimate how credible the simulations of the pandemic models currently are, so it remains to be seen whether the spread of the pandemic can be effectively reduced by the measures taken. cache = ./cache/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt txt = ./txt/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-184424-t8yhu7p8 author = Miralles-Pechu'an, Luis title = A Deep Q-learning/genetic Algorithms Based Novel Methodology For Optimizing Covid-19 Pandemic Government Actions date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7039 sentences = 397 flesch = 58 summary = In this paper, we use the SEIR epidemiological model (Susceptible Exposed Infected Recovered) for infectious diseases to represent the evolution of the virus COVID-19 over time in the population. The sequences of actions (confinement, self-isolation, two-meter distance or not taking restrictions) are evaluated according to a reward system focused on meeting two objectives: firstly, getting few people infected so that hospitals are not overwhelmed with critical patients, and secondly, avoiding taking drastic measures for too long which can potentially cause serious damage to the economy. In this section, we describe the state of the art of the essential components of our methodology: The SEIR model that simulates the spread of the COVID-19 [11] in the population, and two other techniques implemented to discover the best actions for combating the pandemic according to the goals of each government, DQL [12] and GA [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-199863-5j01k5v6 author = Verenich, Edward title = Improving Explainability of Image Classification in Scenarios with Class Overlap: Application to COVID-19 and Pneumonia date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3393 sentences = 181 flesch = 46 summary = We propose a method based on binary expert networks that enhances the explainability of image classifications through better localization by mitigating the model uncertainty induced by class overlap. The standard approach in deep learning to reduce uncertainty is to provide more training data to the model, which is not always possible and primarily addresses model uncertainty Fig. 1 : The left and center images show significant overlap in the class activation maps computed by the binary classifiers for carwheels and cars, respectively. At the heart of our approach is the use of class activation maps (CAMs) for improved localization of the regions responsible for the image being in a specific class (e.g. COVID-19) as opposed to some other overlapping class (pneumonia). Our results show that training per-class binary CNN models and applying our new kernel function on their class activation maps can extract and better localize objects from overlapping classes. cache = ./cache/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-189307-qb0s06tl author = Wang, Linda title = COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images date = 2020-03-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4338 sentences = 171 flesch = 42 summary = Motivated by this and inspired by the open source efforts of the research community, in this study we introduce COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray (CXR) images that is open source and available to the general public. Furthermore, we investigate how COVID-Net makes predictions using an explainability method in an attempt to not only gain deeper insights into critical factors associated with COVID cases, which can aid clinicians in improved screening, but also audit COVID-Net in a responsible and transparent manner to validate that it is making decisions based on relevant information from the CXR images. Motivated by the urgent need to develop solutions to aid in the fight against the COvID-19 pandemic and inspired by the open source and open access efforts by the research community, this study introduces COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from CXR images that is open source and available to the general public. cache = ./cache/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-190407-l9mutkby author = Ziems, Caleb title = Racism is a Virus: Anti-Asian Hate and Counterhate in Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6233 sentences = 400 flesch = 63 summary = We create COVID-HATE, the largest dataset of anti-Asian hate and counterhate spanning three months, containing over 30 million tweets, and a social network with over 87 million nodes. Using this data to conduct longitudinal analysis, we find that while hateful users are less engaged in the COVID-19 discussions prior to their first anti-Asian tweet, they become more vocal and engaged afterwards compared to counterhate users. In this paper, we present COVID-HATE, the largest dataset of anti-Asian hate and counterhate speech on Twitter in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with a long-term longitudinal study. • We conduct statistical, linguistic, geographic, and network analysis of hate and counterhate tweets and users to reveal characteristic patterns of the origin, evolution, and spread of anti-Asian hate throughout the world. In this section, we describe COVID-HATE, a Twitter dataset containing COVID-19 related anti-Asian hate and counterhate tweets and network. cache = ./cache/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt txt = ./txt/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-202465-38oeau38 author = Voorhees, Ellen title = TREC-COVID: Constructing a Pandemic Information Retrieval Test Collection date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4368 sentences = 211 flesch = 57 summary = TREC-COVID is a community evaluation designed to build a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic. The availability of CORD-19 provides the opportunity to create a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic, and the TREC-COVID evaluation aims to do precisely that. Because we want to foster research on systems that are able to pivot quickly, deadlines are very short: roughly one week between when the test topics become available and the run submission deadline, followed by ten days for relevance assessing before the next round begins. The cumulative document, topic, and relevance judgment sets will reflect the changes observed in real use of search systems during the current pandemic. Because assessors were available before the first submission deadline, TREC-COVID organizers produced three runs based on the Anserini 5 system and used depth-40 pools across these three runs using the Round 1 release of CORD-19 (April 10) to create the 0.5 set. cache = ./cache/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-199156-7yxzj7tw author = Chan, Ho Fai title = Risk Attitudes and Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6228 sentences = 335 flesch = 50 summary = In each regression, we controlled for whether the day is a weekend, an indicator distinguishing our sample time period by the day when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic (11 March 2020) , the total number of confirmed cases per 1,000 people, number of days since the first confirmed coronavirus related death in the country 7 , percentage of population over 65, population density (per squared km of land area), percentage of urban population, average household size, unemployment rate, per capita income (in logs), daily average temperature, and a set of indicators on government responses that covers recommending and requesting closure of school, workplace, public transport, stay at home, cancellation of public events, and restriction on gatherings and internal movement (39) . cache = ./cache/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-185121-f6vjm4j4 author = Paiva, Henrique Mohallem title = A computational tool for trend analysis and forecast of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7047 sentences = 367 flesch = 57 summary = Country-wise data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) concerning the daily number of cases and demises around the world are used, as well as detailed data from Johns Hopkins University and from the Brasil.io project describing individually the occurrences in United States counties and in Brazilian states and cities, respectively. Conclusion: The main contributions of this work lie in (i) a straightforward model of the curves to represent the data, which allows automation of the process without requiring interventions from experts; (ii) an innovative approach for trend analysis, whose results provide important information to support authorities in their decision-making process; and (iii) the developed computational tool, which is freely available and allows the user to quickly update the COVID-19 analyses and forecasts for any country, United States county or Brazilian state or city present in the periodic reports from the authorities. cache = ./cache/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-184744-oyc2djxk author = Parvez, Md Sorwer Alam title = Virtual Screening of Plant Metabolites against Main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutics option of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3653 sentences = 224 flesch = 49 summary = The present study evaluated the possibility of plant originated approved 117 therapeutics against the main protease protein (MPP), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 including drug surface analysis by using molecular docking through drug repurposing approaches. The molecular interaction study revealed that Rifampin (-16.3 kcal/mol) were topmost inhibitor of MPP where Azobechalcone were found most potent plant therapeutics for blocking the RdRp (-15.9 kcal /mol) and S (-14.4 kcal/mol) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The main protease proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were employed to molecular docking study with the repurposed drug candidates from plant origin for find out the better drug option towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, five plantr based therapeutics such as Azobechalcone, Rifampin, Isolophirachalcone, Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline were suggested for potential inhibitors for the Main Protease protein, RNA dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by using molecular docking based virtual screening study. cache = ./cache/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-173774-idj19hd3 author = Li, Jinfeng title = COVID-19 Contact-tracing Apps: a Survey on the Global Deployment and Challenges date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 97 flesch = 53 summary = There is an ongoing debate on the deployment of the Apps regarding their technology framework, i.e. centralised [3, 4] versus decentralised [5, 6] , and their corresponding sensor technologies, i.e. the Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated with Quick Response (QR) codes scanning [7, 8] and big data analysis [9,10], versus the wireless Bluetooth devices [11] enabled by microwave [12, 13] and millimetre-wave [14] [15] [16] [17] communications. These Apps follow the DP-3T (Decentralised Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing) [19] data protection solution recently developed by the European Academics. 6. Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology framework [20] (yet to be released in May) -privacy-preserving contact tracing, Bluetooth based, decentralised, free of GPS. We produce the first geolocation mapping for the global deployment of the COVID-19 contact-tracing apps in Fig. 1 , with the format codes in an order of the country name, App name, the number of users (download times), and the underpinning technologies (GPS, QR codes, Bluetooth). cache = ./cache/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-192653-6cv7qlcu author = Alam, Firoj title = Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Arms date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3787 sentences = 213 flesch = 57 summary = A number of initiatives were launched to fight this infodemic, primarily in social media, with focus on building large collections of tweets and then analyzing their content, source, propagators, and spread (Leng et al., 2020; Medford et al., 2020; Miller, 2020; Mourad et al., 2020; Shahi et al., 2020; Vidgen et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020) . We organize the annotations with seven questions, asking whether a tweet (1) contains a verifiable factual claim, (2) is likely to contain false information, (3) is of interest to the general public, (4) is potentially harmful to a person, a company, a product, or society, (5) requires verification by a fact-checker, (6) poses a specific kind of harm to society, and (7) requires the attention of a government entity. cache = ./cache/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-202824-jb47s9qt author = Zhang, Pengyi title = DRR4Covid: Learning Automated COVID-19 Infection Segmentation from Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5899 sentences = 316 flesch = 48 summary = Thus, we expect to take advantages of the public CT scans with voxel-level annotations of COVID-19 infection and the correlation between DRR and CXRs to realize automatic infection segmentation based on CXRs. main insight behind these approaches is to extract domain-invariant representations by embedding domain adaptation modules in the pipeline of deep learning [31] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] . In our implementation of DRR4Covid, we directly use an off-the-shelf MMDbased domain adaptation approach, i.e., LMMD proposed by Zhu et al [34] , to enable the deep models trained on DRRs to generalize to real CXRs. Segmentation is an essential step in automated infection measurement and COVID-19 diagnosis, which can provide the delineation of the regions of interest (ROIs), e.g., infected regions or lesions, in the CXRs for further assessment and quantification. The basic workflow of DDR4Covid involves generating DRRs with pixel-level infection annotations from CT scans, and training deep models on synthetic labeled DRRs and unlabeled CXRs by using the domain adaptation module. cache = ./cache/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-201798-doi5w7tb author = Seto, Christopher title = Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3507 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We utilize 3-level mixed effects negative binomial models, analyzing COVID-19 cases and deaths of county-time periods (N=31,380), nested within counties (N=3,139), nested within states (N=51, includes DC). The weighted outcome regression model determines the causal effect of each county level characteristic on deaths by COVID-19 through statistical hypothesis testing. To aid our causal inference, we also conducted several analyses using different weighting strategies on a cross-sectional version of our data in which outcomes are cumulative counts of a county's cases or deaths, and network and spatially lagged measures are based on these cumulative counts. Negative binomial models (with state and county random intercepts) predicting COVID-19 outcomes across 10 time periods based on network, spatial, and time lagged cases. cache = ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-207839-h8mcmqnc author = Amran, Dor title = Automated triage of COVID-19 from various lung abnormalities using chest CT features date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2309 sentences = 131 flesch = 42 summary = More specifically, we produce multiple descriptive features, including lung and infections statistics, texture, shape and location, to train a machine learning based classifier that distinguishes between COVID-19 and other lung abnormalities (including community acquired pneumonia). Figure 2 shows our system, which is composed of two main steps: an image processing pipeline and a feature analysis pipeline, which produces the final classification. As shown in Figure 2 , once the image pipeline outputs and feature extraction steps are performed for all chest CT scans, a feature-based dataset is used to train a machine learning classifier to differentiate between COVID-19 and other lung abnormalities. Rows 1 − 5: Classification performance (mean results) of different classifiers utilizing all depicted features. To assess the quantitative contribution of the groups we conducted an ablation study, removing in turn each of the feature groups from the classification process and measuring the effect on the final ensemble classifier performance. cache = ./cache/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-197818-asd39zbj author = Wu, Kai title = Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection Before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5625 sentences = 344 flesch = 41 summary = In this review, magnetic biosensors' application in virus and pathogen detection will be summarized and discussed based on the different working principle of the technologies. [69] The key take-away point here is that several experimental demonstrations of the magnetic assays for virus detection based on GMRs and the reported LOD indicate that GMR-based bioassay is one of the promising candidates for onsite, rapid, and sensitive detection of COVID-19. reported the volume-based MPS immunoassay platform utilizing the polyclonal antibodies induced cross-linking of MNPs for one-step, wash-free detection of H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules. In this section, we reviewed some representative works that use magnetic materials are auxiliary tools for high sensitivity virus and pathogen detections, as summarized in Table 3 . We reviewed the magnetic immunoassay literatures prior to COVID-19 and highlighted some promising tools for detecting pathogens as well as viruses with high specificity and sensitivity. Magnetic quantum dot based lateral flow assay biosensor for multiplex and sensitive detection of protein toxins in food samples cache = ./cache/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-207242-hb1r2aw7 author = Ghader, Sepehr title = Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3090 sentences = 170 flesch = 51 summary = The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. We used daily feeds of mobile device location data, representing movements of more than 100 Million anonymized devices, integrated with COVID-19 case data from John Hopkins University and census population data to monitor the mobility trends in United States and study social distancing behavior 1 . The trends showed that all measures related to social distancing saturated and stopped improving, revealing a phenomenon we name "Social Distancing Inertia." For instance, as observed in Figure 2 the percentage of people staying home nationwide rapidly increased from 20% to 35% at the onset of COVID-19 and then has stagnated at 35% for three weeks as of April 10. cache = ./cache/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-203191-7ftg6bfx author = Guo, Kai title = Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3729 sentences = 184 flesch = 43 summary = title: Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data To identify potentially repurposable drugs, we employed a systematic approach to mine candidates from U.S. FDA approved drugs and pre-clinical small-molecule compounds by integrating the gene expression perturbation data by chemicals from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project with publically available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from mild and severe COVID-19 patients. We also collected a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung BALF using a bulk RNA-Seq analysis to compare against the single-cell-based data. Repurposing analysis in severe COVID-19 patients 60 potent drugs were also selected in severe cases compared to controls (severe vs healthy group) according to their average CS between the replicates, and 25 of them involved in more than one cell subtype ( Figure 2B , Supplementary Tables S8 & S9) . cache = ./cache/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-196129-3zfeamgs author = Demertzis, Konstantinos title = Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The"Greek"case in the Global Pandemic date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5639 sentences = 238 flesch = 46 summary = Focusing on the peculiarities of the disease spreading in Greece, both in epidemiological and in implementation terms, this paper applies an exploratory analysis of COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposes a methodological approach for the modeling and prediction of the disease based on the Regression Splines algorithm and the change rate of the total infections. Within this context, this paper applies an exploratory analysis of COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposes a methodological approach for the modeling and prediction of the disease based on the Regression Splines algorithm and the change rate of the total infections. This paper studied the COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposed an innovative, realistic, and highly reliable methodology for forecasting the flattening of the curve, based on the spline and logistic regression algorithm, along with the complex network analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-204125-fvd6d44c author = Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. title = An early warning tool for predicting mortality risk of COVID-19 patients using machine learning date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3883 sentences = 199 flesch = 47 summary = Lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophils (%), lymphocyte (%), high sensitive C-reactive protein, and age acquired at hospital admission were identified as key predictors of death by multi-tree XGBoost model. The prognostic model, nomogram and LNLCA score can help in early detection of high mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, which will help doctors to improve the management of patient stratification. [21] reported a machine learning approach to select three biomarkers (lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) and using them to predict individual patients mortality, 10 days ahead with more than 90 percent accuracy. Although several predictive prognostic models are proposed for the early detection of individuals at high risk of COVID-19 mortality, a major gap remains in the design of state-of-the-art interpretable machine learning based algorithms and high performance quantitative scoring system to classify the most selective predictive biomarkers of patient death. cache = ./cache/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-209619-hy27h1nd author = Dobin, Daniel title = Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1587 sentences = 82 flesch = 45 summary = title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities We investigated the dependence of Covid-19 attack rates on demographic and socioeconomic factors for the communities in Suffolk County (Long Island, New York State), presently the 5th most-affected county in the United States. Confirming the previous observations that minorities are disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 disease, we found that the attack rate is strongly correlated with the minority population proportion, with an alarmingly high $sim4$-fold attack rate increase for Black and Hispanic populations. In this work, we investigated the dependence of Covid-19 attack rate on racial/ethnic composition and several socioeconomic metrics for the communities in Suffolk County (Long Island, New York state), presently the 5th most affected county in the United States. We found that the attack rate is strongly correlated with the minority population percentage, confirming the previous observation that minorities are much stronger affected by the Covid-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-197480-qmzkpcmn author = Motamed, Saman title = RANDGAN: Randomized Generative Adversarial Network for Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4106 sentences = 216 flesch = 53 summary = In this study, we propose a randomized generative adversarial network (RANDGAN) that detects images of an unknown class (COVID-19) from known and labelled classes (Normal and Viral Pneumonia) without the need for labels and training data from the unknown class of images (COVID-19). Wang et al.'s CNN based COVID-NET [12] achieved a 93.3% test accuracy for multi-class classification on a test cohort of 100 Normal, 100 Pneumonia and 100 COVID-19 from the COVIDx dataset with the rest of images of each class being used to train their model. In this study, we introduced RANDGAN, a novel generative adversarial network for semi-supervised detection of an unknown (COVID-19) class in chest X-ray images from a pool of known (Normal and Pneumonia) and unknown classes (COVID-19) by only using the known classes for training. By using transfer learning and segmenting the lung, we showed that using lung only images boosts the performance of generative models in detecting COVID-19 from Pneumonia and Normal images. cache = ./cache/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-198180-pwmr3m4o author = Gupta, Deepti title = Future Smart Connected Communities to Fight COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8233 sentences = 423 flesch = 48 summary = IoT and smart connected technologies together with data-driven applications can play a crucial role not only in prevention, continuous monitoring, and mitigation of the disease, but also enable prompt enforcement of guidelines, rules and government orders to contain such future outbreaks. We propose different architectures, applications and technology systems for various smart infrastructures including E-health, smart home, smart supply chain management, smart locality, and smart city, to develop future connected communities to manage and mitigate similar outbreaks. IoT technology including smart sensors, actuators, and devices and data driven applications can enable smart connected com-13 https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2018/08/16/iot-market-predicted-to-double-by-2021-reaching-520b/#82674f91f948 14 https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/se/internet-of-things/at-a-glance-c45-731471.pdf munities to strengthen the health and economical postures of the nations to fight against the current COVID-19 situation and other future pandemics efficiently. The architecture integrates a hybrid cloud and edge computing nodes together with IoT and smart sensor devices, to enable real-time and data-driven services and applications needed in COVID-19 pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-207989-hn37wkhf author = Bras, Pierre Le title = Visualising COVID-19 Research date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4139 sentences = 235 flesch = 51 summary = In this paper, we develop a novel automated theme-based visualisation method, combining advanced data modelling of large corpora, information mapping and trend analysis, to provide a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of topics and research resources. The results reveal intriguing information including increased efforts in topics such as social distancing; cross-domain initiatives (e.g. mental health and education); evolving research in medical topics; and the unfolding trajectory of the virus in different territories through publications. We believe our methodology will improve future large volume visualisation and discovery systems but also hope our visualisation interfaces will currently aid scientists, researchers, and the general public to tackle the numerous issues in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) We develop COVID-19 research information mapping and trend analysis to provide a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of topics and resources. cache = ./cache/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author = Fazeli, Shayan title = Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6364 sentences = 325 flesch = 49 summary = • Evaluation of the informativeness of individual features in distinguishing between regions • Correlation analyses and investigating monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between several key features and the pandemic outcomes • Proposing a neural architecture for accurate short-term predictive modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal use of historical data by leveraging the automatically learned region representations Given the importance of open-research in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have also designed OLIVIA [5] . This work is distinguished from the mentioned projects and the majority of statistical works in this area in the sense that it is targeting the role of region-based features in the Spatio-temporal analysis of the pandemic with minimal use of historical data on the outbreak events. Our approach then used various statistical techniques and machine learning to measure the relationship between these regional representations and the pandemic time-series events and perform predictive modeling with minimal use of historical data on the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-197922-i1ojh8jj author = Kapoor, Amol title = Examining COVID-19 Forecasting using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3791 sentences = 199 flesch = 55 summary = In this work, we examine a novel forecasting approach for COVID-19 case prediction that uses Graph Neural Networks and mobility data. In contrast to existing time series forecasting models, the proposed approach learns from a single large-scale spatio-temporal graph, where nodes represent the region-level human mobility, spatial edges represent the human mobility based inter-region connectivity, and temporal edges represent node features through time. We evaluate this approach on the US county level COVID-19 dataset, and demonstrate that the rich spatial and temporal information leveraged by the graph neural network allows the model to learn complex dynamics. We propose a spatio-temporal graph neural network that can learn the complex dynamics inherent to disease modeling, and use this model to make forecasts on COVID-19 daily new cases from fine-grained mobility data. cache = ./cache/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-204060-ddve4mga author = Li, Tianyang title = Robust Screening of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray via Discriminative Cost-Sensitive Learning date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6549 sentences = 410 flesch = 52 summary = In this paper, we report our solution, discriminative cost-sensitive learning (DCSL), which should be the choice if the clinical needs the assisted screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. In this paper, we propose an innovative discriminative cost-sensitive learning (DCSL) for the robust screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. We combine both advances into a deep neural network with end-to-end optimization, successfully achieving fine-grained cost-sensitive screening of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that we insightfully view the screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays as a fine-grained cost-sensitive classification problem. In this study, we introduce a score-level cost-sensitive learning approach based on an expert-provided cost matrix to improve the screening accuracy of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. The proposed discriminative cost-sensitive learning algorithm (DCSL) achieves the highest results on the screen-ing of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. cache = ./cache/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-195929-cgabxs19 author = Aggarwal, Jai title = Exploration of Gender Differences in COVID-19 Discourse on Reddit date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3295 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = Using a novel dataset of male and female linguistic productions collected from the Reddit discussion platform, we further confirm existing assumptions about gender-linked affective distinctions, and demonstrate that these distinctions are amplified in social media postings involving emotionally-charged discourse related to COVID-19. We use our COVID and baseline datasets for analysis of emotional differences as well as topical preferences in spontaneous productions by male and female authors on Reddit. First, Table 1 shows considerable differences between M and F authors in the baseline dataset for all three emotional dimensions (albeit a tiny effect size in valence), in line with established assumptions in this field (Burriss et al., 2007; Hoffman, 2008; Thelwall et al., 2010) : women score higher in use of positive language, while men score higher on arousal and dominance. Using a large dataset of COVID-related utterances by men and women on the Reddit discussion platforms, we show clear distinctions along emotional dimensions between the two genders, and demonstrate that these differences are amplified in emotionallyintensive discourse on the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-208177-m8q6dyfx author = Chaisemartin, Cl'ement de title = BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2064 sentences = 95 flesch = 52 summary = Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG's effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. We used regression discontinuity to assess the effect of BCG vaccination on Covid-19 related outcomes. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths 3 . In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. cache = ./cache/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-205189-4be24yda author = Asawa, Parth title = COVID-19 in Spain and India: Comparing Policy Implications by Analyzing Epidemiological and Social Media Data date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4255 sentences = 199 flesch = 53 summary = We see that the new case predictions reflects twitter sentiment, meaningfully tied to a trigger sub-event that enables policy-related findings for Spain and India to be effectively compared. To this end, we juxtapose Spain and India's epidemiological data to identify a date when the curves show the number of new cases diverging from each other, and India started showing worsening conditions.Although it could be argued that the differences we see in cases were due to travel from hotspots, it's important to note that India closed its borders by suspending all international flights starting March 22nd, in addition to taking steps to suspend inter-state travel by suspending domestic flights and domestic trains throughout the time frame of our analysis 3 . On the data from these states/regions, we did visualizations of counts of new cases during April and May. This period was essential to assess the effectiveness of government policies in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-215345-p1iktm9v author = He, Bing title = Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19 date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1281 sentences = 69 flesch = 49 summary = Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) caused by spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the most plausible mechanism of lung injury in COVID-19. We propose two candidate drugs, COL-3 (a chemically modified tetracycline) and CGP-60474 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), for treating lung injuries in COVID-19, based on their abilities to reverse the gene expression patterns in HCC515 cells treated with ACE2 inhibitor and in human COVID-19 patient lung tissues. In summary, this study shows that ACE2 inhibition is likely part of the mechanisms leading to lung injury in COVID-19, and that compounds such as COL-3 and CGP-60474 have the potential as repurposed drugs for its treatment. Then we analyzed 12,707 drugs and compounds from LINCS L1000 pharmacogenomics data to find best candidates that could reverse abnormal gene In lung, the inhibition of ACE2 promote lung injury via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-208252-e0vlaoii author = Calvetti, Daniela title = Bayesian dynamical estimation of the parameters of an SE(A)IR COVID-19 spread model date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7814 sentences = 351 flesch = 49 summary = A Bayesian particle filtering algorithm is used to update dynamically the relevant cohort and simultaneously estimate the transmission rate as the new data on the number of new infections and disease related death become available. When we apply the model and particle filter algorithm to COVID-19 infection data from several counties in Northeastern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan we found the proposed reproduction number $R_0$ to have a consistent dynamic behavior within both states, thus proving to be a reliable summary of the success of the mitigation measures. The equilibrium value, which can be analytically calculated from the model parameters, corresponds well to the model-based estimated ratio and can be used to define a dynamically changing effective basic reproduction number R 0 for the epidemic, facilitating the comparison of model predictions with other models. cache = ./cache/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-215290-n1656hq0 author = Tu, Jingxuan title = Exploration and Discovery of the COVID-19 Literature through Semantic Visualization date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4171 sentences = 213 flesch = 49 summary = This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operations to the extracted relations, creating"relation containers", or functional entities that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., such as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operation to the extracted relations, creating functional types that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. cache = ./cache/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-207180-k6f6cmyn author = Shahrezaye, Morteza title = COVID-19's (mis)information ecosystem on Twitter: How partisanship boosts the spread of conspiracy narratives on German speaking Twitter date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3573 sentences = 213 flesch = 48 summary = We also found that the political orientation of users correlates with the volume of content users contribute to the dissemination of conspiracy narratives, implying that partisan communicators have a higher motivation to take part in conspiratorial discussions on Twitter. We speculate that more of the conspiracy-related tweets are deleted because of Twitter's content moderation efforts that have been enforced due to recent public debates about misinformation on OSNs. There is a long list of laboratory studies that show a correlation between conspiracy mentality and extreme political orientation [Enders et al., 2020; van Prooijen et al., 2015] . Using more than 38,000 tweets and 36,000 unique Twitter users, we formed the contingency table of political orientation and of contribution to COVID-19 conspiracy narratives (Table 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-206006-8l7hrany author = Wang, Rui title = Mutations on COVID-19 diagnostic targets date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1605 sentences = 94 flesch = 56 summary = Effective, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic reagents are of paramount importance for combating the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a time there is no preventive vaccine nor specific drug available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on the genotyping of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, we reveal that essentially all of the current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 has the most devastating mutations on the targets of various nucleocapsid (N) gene primers and probes, which have been unfortunately used by countries around the world to diagnose COVID-19. It is interesting to note that N-China-F [10] is the most inefficient reagent among all primers/probes and its SARS-CoV-2 target has eight mutations involving samples in all five clusters, which may explain many media reports about the inefficiency of certain COVID-19 diagnostic kits made in China. cache = ./cache/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt txt = ./txt/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-213187-f1ic63o5 author = Rahman, Akond title = An Exploratory Characterization of Bugs in COVID-19 Software Projects date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10561 sentences = 682 flesch = 53 summary = The identified bug categories appear for 7 categories of software projects including (i) projects that use statistical modeling to perform predictions related to COVID-19, and (ii) medical equipment software that are used to design and implement medical equipment, such as ventilators. According to Catolino et Fig. 1 : An example of a bug report related to statistical modeling in a software project called 'neherlab/covid19 scenarios'. We answer the following research questions: We conduct an empirical study with 129 open source COVID-19 software projects hosted on GitHub. First, we apply qualitative analysis (Saldana, 2015) on the README files of the collected open source software (OSS) projects to identify what categories of OSS projects exist related to COVID-19. We hypothesize that by systematically analyzing the content of the README files we can derive what types of software projects are developed that are related to In open coding a rater identified and synthesizes patterns within unstructured text (Saldana, 2015) . cache = ./cache/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-219520-by3gxrd8 author = Pang, Junjie title = Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4976 sentences = 226 flesch = 43 summary = Note that, when we aim to construct a city digital twin to model COVID-19 pandemic and generate the prediction of a specified response plan, we need to resolve the data sparsity challenge with considerations of privacy by following reasons. In our proposed collaborative framework for multiple city DTs (Fig. 3) , each single city DT system can reinforce itself by two ways: (1) self-renewal mode by local updates: this mode is similar as the working updates of traditional digital twin system, which collecting real-time COVID-19 conditions (historical infection numbers, external factors like crowd gathering, population age and vaccination) actively through on-device sensing, or using data source from various institutions like public health agency or hospital. CONCLUSION In this paper, we propose a novel collaborative city digital twin framework based on federated learning techniques for COVID-19 response plan management, with Seq2seq structure to better capture temporal contexts in historical infection data. cache = ./cache/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-217201-lvefk7qx author = Wang, Yang title = Ontology-based annotation and analysis of COVID-19 phenotypes date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2483 sentences = 147 flesch = 46 summary = Based on the HP classification, we systematically analyze three nervous phenotypes (loss of smell, loss of taste, and headache) and four abdominal phenotypes (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea) identified in patients, and found that patients from Europe and USA turned to have higher nervous phenotypes and abdominal phenotypes than patients from Asia. First, we analyzed the group of COVID-19-related nervous system phenotypes, which includes loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (parageusia), and headache ( Figure 1 ). To further study the relation between different comorbidity phenotypes and disease outcomes, we survey the disease data from the literature and compared the incidences of specific comorbidity phenotypes in severe or non-severe COVID-19 patients. In severe disease patients, the incidence of diabetes or kidney failure was higher than that in non-severe patient groups (The X-axis is country/city, report date, number of cases). Based on the HP classification, we systematically analyzed 17 clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 in case reported. cache = ./cache/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-219681-83p1ujl4 author = Gathergood, John title = The English Patient: Evaluating Local Lockdowns Using Real-Time COVID-19&Consumption Data date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5701 sentences = 321 flesch = 56 summary = We find UK 'local lockdowns' of cities and small regions, focused on limiting how many people a household can interact with and in what settings, are effective in turning the tide on rising positive COVID-19 cases. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, we estimate the impact of local lockdowns imposed in the late summer of 2020 on a number of UK cities, examining the effects on both containment of cases and consumer spending. (2020) using US fintech data and following this Opportunity Insights (Chetty et al., 2020a,b) produced 3 https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-52934822 4 We typically observe common pre-trends between control and treatment groups, however, we do observe noticeable increases in the number of positive COVID-19 cases for the treatment groups just before and after local lockdowns. On aggregate we observe the sharp fall in UK credit card spending near the time of the spike in Covid-19 cases and national lockdown announcement on 23 March 2020 and then a fairly steady recovery May -August. cache = ./cache/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-219880-3wob432t author = Ma, Liantao title = CovidCare: Transferring Knowledge from Existing EMR to Emerging Epidemic for Interpretable Prognosis date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5686 sentences = 351 flesch = 48 summary = Recently, many deep learning-based models have been developed to enable intelligent prognosis by analyzing electronic medical records (EMRs), including mortality prediction [24, 25] , disease diagnosis prediction [22] , and patient phenotype identification [1] . Therefore, for the prognosis of EIDs with limited data, such a research challenge remains: How to make full use of the existing EMR data to learn the robust health status representation, when tackling tasks with different clinical feature sets? In this paper, we propose a novel healthcare predictive approach, CovidCare, based on transfer learning from existing EMR data (i.e., source dataset) to the new dataset (i.e., target dataset) with knowledge distillation. • We propose a transfer-learning-based medical feature embedding approach, CovidCare, to perform clinical prediction for EIDs with limited data .Multi-channel architecture is developed to improve the compatibility across source and target datasets with different feature sets. cache = ./cache/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-208179-9pwjnrgl author = Farrell, Tracie title = Vindication, Virtue and Vitriol: A study of online engagement and abuse toward British MPs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13384 sentences = 665 flesch = 54 summary = COVID-19 has given rise to malicious content online, including online abuse and hate toward British MPs. In order to understand and contextualise the level of abuse MPs receive, we consider how ministers use social media to communicate about the crisis, and the citizen engagement that this generates. However the correlation is significant across the sample of all MPs. The reaction of the public to the Conservative party and the government's actions during COVID-19 may be related to the conditions of a public health crisis as discussed in [58, 39] , in which citizens may feel more motivated to trust authorities, although it may also follow from the crisis engaging a different group of people than usually respond to politicians on Twitter. Our third research question asked: Which social media activities of UK MPs during the COVID-19 pandemic receive the most abusive replies? cache = ./cache/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-213974-rtltf11w author = Lensink, Keegan title = Segmentation of Pulmonary Opacification in Chest CT Scans of COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5519 sentences = 257 flesch = 50 summary = In this work we provide open source models for the segmentation of patterns of pulmonary opacification on chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans which have been correlated with various stages and severities of infection. We have collected 663 chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients from healthcare centers around the world, and created pixel wise segmentation labels for nearly 25,000 slices that segment 6 different patterns of pulmonary opacification. Given the challenges mentioned above, the goal of this work is to provide open source models for the segmentation of patterns of pulmonary opacification, which have been correlated with various stages and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. 1. We have collected 663 chest CT scans of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from healthcare centers around the world, and created pixel wise segmentation labels for nearly 25,000 slices that segment 6 different forms of pulmonary opacification that have been correlated with stages and severity of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-229612-7xnredj7 author = Pal, Ankit title = Pay Attention to the cough: Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Interpretable Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Sound Signal Processing date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3617 sentences = 225 flesch = 51 summary = An interpretable and COVID-19 diagnosis AI framework is devised and developed based on the cough sounds features and symptoms metadata to overcome these limitations. The proposed framework's performance was evaluated using a medical dataset containing Symptoms and Demographic data of 30000 audio segments, 328 cough sounds from 150 patients with four cough classes ( COVID-19, Asthma, Bronchitis, and Healthy). A three-layer Deep Neural Network model is used to generate cough embeddings from the handcrafted signal processing features and symptoms embeddings are generated by a transformer-based self-attention network called TabNet. Arik and Pfister (2020) Finally, the prediction score is obtained by concatenating the Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Embeddings, followed by a Fully Connected layer. • A novel explainable & interpretable COVID-19 diagnosis framework based on deep learning (AI) uses the information from symptoms and cough signal processing features. cache = ./cache/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-222664-4qyrtzhu author = Coban, Mathew title = Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11220 sentences = 638 flesch = 46 summary = We have therefore initiated a computational dynamics drug pipeline using molecular modeling, structure simulation, docking and machine learning models to predict the inhibitory activity of several million compounds against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactors; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsins L and K, and Mpro to prevent binding, membrane fusion and replication of the virus, respectively. Using a computational pipeline that aimed to expeditiously identify lead compounds against COVID-19, we combined compound library preparation, molecular modeling, and structure simulations to generate an ensemble of conformations and increase high quality docking outcomes against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactions; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsin L and K, and M pro that are known to control both viral binding, entry and virus replication (Fig. 1A) . cache = ./cache/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-225145-m5udub60 author = Kai, De title = Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8152 sentences = 383 flesch = 49 summary = We present two models for the COVID-19 pandemic predicting the impact of universal face mask wearing upon the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus--one employing a stochastic dynamic network based compartmental SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) approach, and the other employing individual ABM (agent-based modelling) Monte Carlo simulation--indicating (1) significant impact under (near) universal masking when at least 80% of a population is wearing masks, versus minimal impact when only 50% or less of the population is wearing masks, and (2) significant impact when universal masking is adopted early, by Day 50 of a regional outbreak, versus minimal impact when universal masking is adopted late. To validate these theoretical models, we compare their predictions against a new empirical data set we have collected that includes whether regions have universal masking cultures or policies, their daily case growth rates, and their percentage reduction from peak daily case growth rates. cache = ./cache/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-225347-lnzz2chk author = Chakraborty, Tanujit title = Nowcasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases: Foundations, trends, and challenges date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10203 sentences = 585 flesch = 53 summary = Several statistical and machine learning methods for real-time forecasting of the new and cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 are developed to overcome limitations of the epidemiological model approaches and assist public health planning and policy-making [25, 91, 6, 26, 23] . As such, we aim to perform a meaningful data analysis, including the study of time series characteristics, to provide a suitable and comprehensive knowledge foundation for the future step of selecting an apt forecasting method. Five time series COVID-19 datasets for the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, and Peru UK are considered for assessing twenty forecasting models (individual, ensemble, and hybrid). Results for USA COVID-19 data: Among the single models, ARIMA (2, 1, 4) performs best in terms of accuracy metrics for 15-days ahead forecasts. Results for India COVID-19 data: Among the single models, ANN performs best in terms of accuracy metrics for 15-days ahead forecasts. cache = ./cache/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-225887-kr9uljop author = Thelwall, Mike title = Covid-19 Tweeting in English: Gender Differences date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3006 sentences = 136 flesch = 56 summary = The results show that females are more likely to tweet about the virus in the context of family, social distancing and healthcare whereas males are more likely to tweet about sports cancellations, the global spread of the virus and political reactions. The research design was to collect English-language tweets matching a set of queries related to Covid-19 over two weeks and to identify words used more by males than females, using these to point to aspects of gender difference in tweeting about the virus. Gender differences in this word therefore suggest that males were more likely to tweet that league-based sport was affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Male-authored tweets about COVID-19 were about twice as likely as females to discuss sports, typically in the context of speculation about, or announcements of, events or competitions being cancelled (Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-219107-klpmipaj author = Zachreson, Cameron title = Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks using mobility data date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5901 sentences = 261 flesch = 45 summary = For community transmission scenarios, our results demonstrate that mobility data adds the most value to risk predictions when case counts are low and spatially clustered. In each case, we use the Facebook mobility data that was available during the early stages of the outbreak to estimate future spatial patterns of relative transmission risk. For each of the three outbreak scenarios, we present the mobility-based estimates of the relative transmission risk distribution, and a time-varying correlation between our estimate and the case numbers ascertained through contact tracing and testing programs. Our results indicate that aggregate mobility data can be a useful tool in estimation of COVID-19 transmission risk diffusion from locations where active cases have been identified. A heat map (Supplemental Figure S1 ) of the average number of Facebook users present during the nighttime period (2am to 10am) as a proportion of the estimated resident population reported by the ABS (2018 [32] ) shows qualitative similarity to the spatial distributions of active cases and relative risk shown in Figure 5 cache = ./cache/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-234254-svjajpp4 author = Kohler, J. title = Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13160 sentences = 657 flesch = 58 summary = Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. Another example for an open-loop optimal policy applied to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in [14] where the authors consider optimal control of the German outbreak using a slightly simpler model as the one chosen in the present paper (without distinguishing between detected and undetected individuals), which also includes an increased mortality rate if the ICU capacity is exceeded. cache = ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-232657-deu921ma author = Prabhu, Shreekanth M. title = Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5309 sentences = 341 flesch = 58 summary = Whereas the death rates of earlier SARS virus were higher than Cov-2 virus, as a pandemic COVID-19 has spread far more speedily infecting Lakhs of people. Section 3 covers the Proposed Methodology for COVID-19 Pandemic Surveillance using Hidden Markov Model. We propose to make use of Hidden Markov Model to perform surveillance of COVID-19 spread. Further after a gap of a month we reviewed the data on COVID-19 spread in India on July 11 th and arrived at the hidden states with June 10 th as the base date. We have proposed an approach that takes as input data reported from Hospitals in regard to active cases, recoveries and deaths and infers the latent state of regions as far as spread of COVID-19 is concerned. â�¢ This paper has made use of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to assess the state of spread COVID-19 Pandemic in regions based on reportage from hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-224428-t8s52emf author = Tandon, Hiteshi title = Coronavirus (COVID-19): ARIMA based time-series analysis to forecast near future date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2099 sentences = 129 flesch = 60 summary = The numbers in India have reached up to 10,453 for confirmed COVID-19 infected cases with 358 deaths and 1181 recoveries as reported on 13 April 2020. The main objective of the study is to find the best predictive model and apply it to forecast future incidence of COVID-19 cases in India. We have applied an ARIMA model to the time series data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in India. 11 In the present study, time series analysis is used to recognize the trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases in India over the period of 22 A comparative study is also performed to examine the status of confirmed COVID-19 cases of India with respect to those of highly infected countries. Figure 2 For comparing the actual and forecasted confirmed COVID-19 cases, a time series graph is plotted starting from 30 January 2020 till 13 April 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-228736-x1w5pi67 author = Suryanarayanan, Parthasarathy title = WNTRAC: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Tracking of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Implemented Worldwide for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4632 sentences = 249 flesch = 54 summary = We present the Worldwide Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Tracker for COVID-19 (WNTRAC), a comprehensive dataset consisting of over 6,000 NPIs implemented worldwide since the start of the pandemic. For example, the CoronaNet dataset 11 contains the monadic and dyadic data on policy actions taken by governments across the world, manually curated by over 500 researchers covering sixteen NPI types and is kept fairly up-to-date. The Complexity Science Hub, Vienna enlisted researchers, students and volunteers to curate the Complexity Science Hub COVID-19 Control Strategies List 12 dataset, of eight different NPI types but covering only 57 countries. Similarly, the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker 13 dataset, takes a crowd-sourcing approach and covers 17 NPI types, 186 regions, 52 US states and territories. It consists of two subsystems: a data processing pipeline for capturing and extracting potential NPI events from Wikipedia articles and a tool, WNTRAC Curator for human validation of NPI events automatically extracted using the aforementioned pipeline. cache = ./cache/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-223560-ppu6idl2 author = Russo, Daniel title = Predictors of Well-being and Productivity among Software Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic -- A Longitudinal Study date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14058 sentences = 811 flesch = 57 summary = Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual's well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) the longitudinal study did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Therefore, there is a compelling need for longitudinal applied research that draws on theories and findings from various scientific fields to identify variables that uniquely predict the well-being and productivity of software professionals during the 2020 quarantine, for both the current and potential future lockdowns. Second, this approach simultaneously allows us to test whether models developed in an organizational context such as the two-factor theory [48] can also predict people's well-being in general and whether variables that were associated with well-being for people being quarantined also explain productivity. cache = ./cache/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-233012-ltbvpv8b author = Garcia-Gasulla, Dario title = Global Data Science Project for COVID-19 Summary Report date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4753 sentences = 252 flesch = 60 summary = We quantitatively analysed the multifaceted impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our societies including people's mobility, health, and social behaviour changes. The GDSP (Global Data Science Project) for COVID-19 consists of an international team focusing on various societal aspects including mobility, health, economics, education, and online behavior. The purpose of the GDSP is to quantitatively measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our societies in terms of people's mobility, health, and behaviour changes, and inform public and private decision-makers to make effective and appropriate policy decisions. We analyzed the changes in traffic volumes and a bicycle sharing service in New York City to examine the effect of COVID-19 and announcements from the city government. We select the data of two weeks (March 25, 2020 -April 7, 2020 , and apply our model to predict the emotions on all the tweets we crawled (around 3 million each day) that contain the two "masks" and "lockdown" respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-226621-x7slh9n9 author = Inuwa-Dutse, Isa title = A curated collection of COVID-19 online datasets date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3645 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = In line with existing studies, we provide an expansive collection of curated datasets to support the fight against the pandemic, especially concerning misinformation. The collection consists of 3 categories of Twitter data, information about standard practices from credible sources and a chronicle of global situation reports. The data collection 5 consists of 3 categories of Twitter data, information about standard practices from credible sources and a chronicle of global situation reports from WHO. The data from WHO, dubbed proWHO, and the antiWHO, dismissing WHO's guidelines on combating Covid-19 pandemic, are the two broad sub-categories under the miscellaneous collection that can be used for various studies. 10 see https://developer.twitter.com/en/developer-terms/agreement-and-policy 11 The data presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/ijdutse/covid19-datasets 4 we query the following accounts as the seed users: @PlanB1975, @simondolan, @LonsdaleKeith, @angiebUK, @HotelLubyanka, @jcho710 Collection 4 Non-tweet-based collection Data Source WHO, NHS-UK, NCDC-NGN, and CDC-US Popular accounts and hashtags. cache = ./cache/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-218324-gqiapgiv author = Dlotko, Pawel title = Visualising the Evolution of English Covid-19 Cases with Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3586 sentences = 179 flesch = 60 summary = Using the Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper algorithm we construct an abstract representation of NUTS3 level economic data, overlaying onto it the confirmed cases of Covid-19 in England. Where summary statistics speak of trends, and maps of cases help get a visual handle on the spatial scale, Topological Data Analysis (TDA) after Carlsson (2009) and particularly the Ball Mapper (BM) algorithm of D lotko (2019) can quickly highlight patterns within the characteristics of communities for policy to attend to. This short note, firstly, contributes a first look at how BM produces an abstract two dimensional representation of NUTS3 data and how, by doing so, we can see where in the characteristic space cases are particularly fast rising in terms of number of infections. This contribution to the literature owes much to the pioneering work in combining high, and low, frequency data to marry annually updated regional characteristics with the daily information on Covid-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-231762-ymz7z76i author = Misra, Sampa title = Multi-Channel Transfer Learning of Chest X-ray Images for Screening of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3695 sentences = 189 flesch = 54 summary = In this manuscript, we have designed a multi-channel ensemble TL method based on ResNet-18 by combining three different models which are fine-tuned in 3 datasets in such a way that the model can extract more relevant features for each class and hence can identify COVID-19 features more accurately from the X-ray images. These 3 models were pre-trained in parallel to learn respective features to classify normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 images. 8. Train (fine-tune) again the combined models using the Dataset_D, which can classify the normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 images. In this manuscript, we present a COVID-multichannel transfer learning method for the classification of patients as normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia based on chest X-ray images. Besides, there are many artifacts in the chest X-ray images that may negatively affect the performance of classification tasks for feature-based deep learning models. In conclusion, we propose an ensemble learning strategy to improve the classification performance in deep learning-based COVID-19 screening for chest X-ray images. cache = ./cache/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-235946-6vu34vce author = Beskow, David M. title = Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8974 sentences = 508 flesch = 60 summary = With the pandemic as the backdrop of life as we write this book, it seemed appropriate to use the social cybersecurity tools that we discussed in the previous chapters to identify and understand information operations related to There are still many questions as well as competing narratives about the origins and nature of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease. This chapter will showcase the use of social cybersecurity tools and theory to identify and characterize information operations in the COVID-19 related Twitter Stream. Finally, at the end of our exploratory data analysis, we will try to find out if any accounts have been suspended by Twitter since contributing content to our stream. The adjusted performance is provided in Table Since the Bot-Hunter Tier 1 algorithm is our primary algorithm, we've visualized the probability distribution for all COVID-19 Accounts in Figure 6a with threshold = 0.5 and threshold = 0.65. cache = ./cache/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-234918-puunbcio author = Shalu, Hrithwik title = A Data-Efficient Deep Learning Based Smartphone Application For Detection Of Pulmonary Diseases Using Chest X-rays date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4876 sentences = 237 flesch = 47 summary = The scarcity of training data and class imbalance issues were effectively tackled in our approach by the use of Data Augmentation Generative Adversarial Network (DAGAN) and model architecture based as a Convolutional Siamese Network with attention mechanism. In [9] the authors proposed a modified CNN based on class decomposition, termed as Decompose Transfer Compose model to improve the performance of pre-trained models on the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest x-ray images. In [34] the authors proposed a pneumonia chest x-ray detection based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) with a fine-tuned deep transfer learning for a limited dataset. Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Pneumonia based on Generative Adversarial Networks and a Fine-Tuned Deep Transfer Learning Model using Chest X-ray Dataset cache = ./cache/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt txt = ./txt/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-226263-ns628u21 author = Ye, Yanfang title = $alpha$-Satellite: An AI-driven System and Benchmark Datasets for Hierarchical Community-level Risk Assessment to Help Combat COVID-19 date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5694 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = In the system of α-Satellite, (1) we first construct an attributed heterogeneous information network (AHIN) to model the collected large-scale and real-time pandemic related data in a comprehensive way; (2) based on the constructed AHIN, to address the challenge of limited data that might be available for learning (e.g., social media data to learn public perceptions towards COVID-19 in a given area might not be sufficient), we then exploit the conditional generative adversarial nets (cGANs) to gain the public perceptions towards COVID-19 in each given area; and finally (3) we utilize meta-path based schemes to model both vertical and horizontal information associated with a given area, and devise a novel heterogeneous graph auto-encoder (GAE) to aggregate information from its neighborhood areas to estimate the risk of the given area in a hierarchical manner. cache = ./cache/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-240742-w57e1eu6 author = Arela-Bobadilla, Ronal title = Excess deaths hidden 100 days after the quarantine in Peru by COVID-19 date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3363 sentences = 317 flesch = 66 summary = Esta situación ha provocado la muerte de 8 616 personas hasta el 23 de junio de 2020 -día 100 de la cuarentena nacional(6) ; sin embargo, el Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF) registra un número muy superior de fallecimientos por causa no violenta en comparación al mismo periodo de 2019 (7) . La comparación simple con el año 2019 indica que el exceso de fallecimientos durante el 16 de marzo y el 23 de junio de 2020 fue de 3,7 veces las muertes oficiales por COVID-19 hasta esa fecha; sin embargo, las estimaciones considerando la cuarentena indican que el excedente fue entre 4,1 (muestra L100) y 4,2 veces (muestra L1). Este trabajo permite la comparación del exceso de muertes producido en Perú con el de otros países que no han impuesto una cuarentena o cuyo confinamiento empezó después de la aparición de los primeros casos locales de COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-240274-igoz2ei4 author = Subirana, Brian title = Hi Sigma, do I have the Coronavirus?: Call for a New Artificial Intelligence Approach to Support Health Care Professionals Dealing With The COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2710 sentences = 164 flesch = 55 summary = Just like your phone can detect what song is playing in crowded spaces, we show that Artificial Intelligence transfer learning algorithms trained on cough phone recordings results in diagnostic tests for COVID-19. 3 In several cases involving different neurological conditions, researchers were able to develop machine learning algorithms that used free-flow speech to predict disease onset earlier than human experts, including psychosis with a sample size of less than 50, 4 and cognitive impairment with less than a thousand 5 . Our implementation uses transfer learning from the domain of speech audio recordings !&''() to the target domain of COVID infected cough audio recordings *+,-) . This approach means a novel collective effort by the Health and Engineering communities, where the first sets directions and provides patient samples in real time, while the second creates algorithms to improve infection management practices. cache = ./cache/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author = Bento, Ana I. title = Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1786 sentences = 95 flesch = 55 summary = On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. To provide rapid information to guide policy making, we use Internet search data in an event-study design to examine how collective attention and information seeking behaviors respond to state government announcements of first COVID-19 cases. There was no observable trend in the search behavior in the days leading up to the announcements, suggesting the first "local" case indeed heightened the collective attention to the pandemic. The third row suggests that first case announcements did not induce search for community level policies (quarantines, school closures, and coronavirus testing), or more elaborate personal health strategies (face masks, grocery delivery, overthe-counter medications). Our results suggest that first state COVID-19 case announcements do lead to a widespread increase in the extent to which people seek out Internet information about the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-232446-vvb2ffhv author = Mongia, Aanchal title = A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7123 sentences = 382 flesch = 47 summary = In view to assist acceleration of this process (by pruning down the search space), we create and share a publicly available DVA database, along with a number of matrix completion techniques (mentioned above) for drug-virus association prediction. Such a computational approach requires the chemical structure of the drugs and, in case of graph-regularized matrix completion techniques, the genome of the viruses, or existing associations otherwise. A clear observation from the experiments is that the graph regularized-based matrix completion algorithms that incorporate the similarity information associated with the drugs and viruses, perform fairly well giving an AUC greater or equal than 0.83 in CV1. It can be noted that the standard matrix completion methods, which do not take into account the metadata, fail to learn from the association data giving a near-random performance as far as the prediction on novel viruses is concerned, depicting how very important the similarity information is. cache = ./cache/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-234996-hah19vmk author = Kabiri, Aliakbar title = How different age groups responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility behaviors: a case study of the United States date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3654 sentences = 155 flesch = 46 summary = In this paper, we attempt to fill the current gap in the literature by examining how different communities with different age groups performed social distancing by following orders such as the national emergency declaration on March 13, as well as how fast they started changing their behavior after the regulations were imposed. For this purpose, we calculated the behavior changes of people in different mobility metrics, such as percentage of people staying home during the study period (March, April, and May 2020), in different age groups in comparison to the days before the pandemic (January and February 2020), by utilizing anonymized and privacy-protected mobile device data. Several aspects of mobility patterns including percentage of people staying at home and social distancing index, have been investigated in this paper to illustrate how different age groups behave during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-243982-qhrlvmap author = Unberath, Mathias title = Artificial Intelligence-based Clinical Decision Support for COVID-19 -- Where Art Thou? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2845 sentences = 112 flesch = 43 summary = In this perspective piece, we identify opportunities and requirements for AI-based clinical decision support systems and highlight challenges that impact"AI readiness"for rapidly emergent healthcare challenges. Learning-based algorithms had been shown to accurately forecast the onset of septic shock [1] , ML-based pattern recognition methods classified skin lesions with dermatologist level accuracy [2] , diagnostic AI systems successfully identified diabetic retinopathy during routine primary care visits [3] , AI-based breast cancer screening outperformed radiologists by a fairly large margin [4] , ML-driven triaging tools improved outcome differentiation beyond the emergency severity index [5] , AI-enabled assistance systems simplified interventional workflows [6] , and algorithm-driven organizational studies enabled redesign of infusion centers [7] . In addition to capturing data, it is equally important to understand the clinical use case -effective development and deployment of any CDS, including that driven by AI, requires a deep understanding of both the problems of focus and the environment in which it is encountered. cache = ./cache/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-238881-tupom7fb author = Yeh, Chun-Fu title = A Cascaded Learning Strategy for Robust COVID-19 Pneumonia Chest X-Ray Screening date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3356 sentences = 179 flesch = 56 summary = Although the recent international joint effort on making the availability of all sorts of open data, the public collection of CXR images is still relatively small for reliably training a deep neural network (DNN) to carry out COVID-19 prediction. Although the recent international joint effort on making the availability of all sorts of open data, the public collection of CXR images is still relatively small for reliably training a deep neural network (DNN) to carry out COVID-19 prediction. Our approach leverages a large CXR image dataset of non-COVID-19 pneumonia to generalize the original well-trained classification model via a cascaded learning scheme. Our approach leverages a large CXR image dataset of non-COVID-19 pneumonia to generalize the original well-trained classification model via a cascaded learning scheme. To extend the model, we collaborate with several medical research centers in Taiwan to collect chest x-ray images from COVID-19 patients at various stages, and re-train the pneumonia classification system using a three-stage cascaded learning strategy. cache = ./cache/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-229942-vofuo2g1 author = Omae, Yuto title = Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6812 sentences = 425 flesch = 65 summary = Furthermore, we include three parameters for the following expression: (1') the usage rate of the app; (2') decreasing value of going out probability of persons who have contact with infectors via the app; (3') infection registration rate of infectors through the app. Consequently, we find the infection probability that persons from 5% to 10% of the total population become infectors in 45 days when all agents do not use the app. In the results generated by random seed of 30 patterns, there were 2 cases in which the infection did not spread even though the app was not used (the total number of infectors at the end of the simulation is below 30). As shown in Fig.4 , there are no cases of the number of infectors less than 32.5 persons in the result of the usage rate of the app (p 1 app = 20%). cache = ./cache/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-239315-dk2lwsrx author = Magklaras, Georgios title = A review of information security aspects of the emerging COVID-19 contact tracing mobile phone applications date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6300 sentences = 297 flesch = 46 summary = This paper discusses the aspects of data reliability and user privacy for the emerging practice of mobile phone based contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking Norway as an example, a country with good tradition on respecting the privacy of its citizens and among the first to launch a COVID-19 contact tracing application, it is evident that no tender processes have been disclosed for awarding public funds to construct the application [53] , calls to open source the application in order to aid the review by security experts were denied [54] and that data that contain GPS, Bluetooth LE smartphone identifiers and health status were stored in private cloud vendors [55] with unclear status on whether the data can leave the Norwegian geographic border. cache = ./cache/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-236775-tshyi559 author = Zine, Houssine title = Modeling the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3400 sentences = 159 flesch = 49 summary = [3] used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model to estimate the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 transmission based on data obtained for the confirmed cases of the disease in mainland China. In this study, we propose a mathematical model governed by delay differential equations (DDEs) to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Morocco and taking into account multiple preventive measures and strategies implemented by Moroccan authorities, related to the confinement period between March 2 and June 20, 2020, in order to control the spread of disease. On the other hand, the basic reproduction number is an important threshold parameter that determines the spread of infection when the disease is introduced into the population [12] . In this section, we present the forecasts of COVID-19 in Morocco relating with different preventive measures and strategies implemented by Moroccan authorities on the confinement period between March 2 and June 20, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt txt = ./txt/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-247879-jdkikd29 author = Kayode, John Stephen title = The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5111 sentences = 215 flesch = 51 summary = title: The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities In the present uncertain situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical for the people to get access to clean and safe sustainable water for domestic and sanitation uses to guarantee public hygiene and better food and, hence, improve their health conditions (Hunter, et al., 2009). This paper therefore provides proven knowledge and valuable support for sustainable, hygienic, clean, safe water and good sanitary systems for the rural poor dwellers in the SSA to safeguard the people from unrestricted exposure to possible infection from the COVID-19 disease through water and sanitation systems, with the level of cases recorded as at 30th April shown in Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt txt = ./txt/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-246958-in0m5jnk author = Dharawat, Arkin title = Drink bleach or do what now? Covid-HeRA: A dataset for risk-informed health decision making in the presence of COVID19 misinformation date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4341 sentences = 240 flesch = 48 summary = In contrast with previous works that treat misinformation as a binary classification task, we build a novel health risk assessment misinformation benchmark dataset, Covid-HeRA, that contains social media posts annotated on a finer scale, based on whether the message content is: a) real news, b) inaccurate or misinformation or c) refutes/rebuts a specific claim or news article. To this end, we frame the task as a multi-class classification problem, where each social media post is categorized as: a) Real News/Claims, i.e., reliable correct information, b) Refutes/Rebuts, i.e., refutation or rebuttal of an incorrect statement, c) Not severe, i.e., misinformation but unlikely to result in risky behavioral changes or harmful decisions, d) Possibly severe misinformation, with possible severe health-related impact and e) Highly severe misinformation with increased potential risks for any individual following the advice & suggestions expressed in the social media post content. cache = ./cache/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-241146-j0qperwz author = Lallie, Harjinder Singh title = Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9934 sentences = 518 flesch = 52 summary = To increase likelihood of success, these attacks target sale of goods in high demand (e.g., Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and coronavirus testing kits and drugs), potentially highly profitable in-vestments in stocks related to COVID-19, and impersonations of representatives of public authorities like WHO and aid scams [6, 37] . Information presented in the timeline includes the date China alerted the WHO about the virus, the date the pandemic was officially declared, and cyber-attacks which specifically relate to hospitals or medicine. By early May (07-05-20), more than 160,000 'suspect' emails had been reported to the National Cyber Security Centre [103] and by the end of May (29-05-20), £4.6m had been lost to COVID-19 related scams with around 11,206 victims of phishing and / or smishing campaigns [104] . To further increase the likely success of phishing attacks cyber-criminals have been identified registering large numbers of website domains containing the words 'covid' and 'coronavirus' [112] . cache = ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-235691-en6fgilb author = Althouse, Benjamin M. title = Stochasticity and heterogeneity in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4811 sentences = 212 flesch = 47 summary = In Figure 2 we show an example by utilizing a stochastic branching process model with both Poisson and SARS-CoV-1 like NB distribution (k = 0.16) under the same mean R 0 = 2.6 26 , with different population sizes ranging from small clusters of 10 like households to large ones of 10 6 like city-wide. Because they play an important role in the spread of infection, hotspots pose an opportunity for surveillance and control: focusing on facilities and activities known to sustain hotspots, such as healthcare facilities, nursing homes, prisons, meat-packing plants, homeless shelters, schools, mass gatherings, as well as those places with closed, poorly circulated environments, can provide efficient ways to identify potential SSEs before they happen, therefore, potentially reducing a substantial amount of transmission in the population. Multiple lines of evidence at the individual-and population-level strongly indicate the role of SSEs in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and that we should not overlook the heterogeneity in numbers of secondary infections 57 . cache = ./cache/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-238782-z9nb8cwt author = Rajinikanth, Venkatesan title = Firefly-Algorithm Supported Scheme to Detect COVID-19 Lesion in Lung CT Scan Images using Shannon Entropy and Markov-Random-Field date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3769 sentences = 211 flesch = 50 summary = The proposed work aims to suggest an automated image processing scheme to extract the COVID-19 lesion from the lung CT scan images (CTI) recorded from the patients. This work implements Firefly Algorithm and Shannon Entropy (FA+SE) based multi-threshold to enhance the pneumonia lesion and implements Markov-Random-Field (MRF) segmentation to extract the lesions with better accuracy. The proposed work helped to attain a mean accuracy of>92% during COVID-19 lesion segmentation and in future, it can be used to examine the real clinical lung CTI of COVID-19 patients. The proposed research executes a sequence of techniques, such as artifact removal, Firefly Algorithm and Shannon-Entropy (FA+SE) based multi-thresholding, Markov-Random-Field (MRF) segmentation and validation of the proposed system using a comparison with respect to the Ground-Truth-Image (GTI). Finally, the extracted COVID-19 lesion is compared against the Ground-Truth-Image (GTI) and based on the attained performance values; the superiority of the proposed image processing tool is confirmed. cache = ./cache/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-246504-wjpi5uvz author = Pandey, Abhishek title = The effect of extended closure of red-light areas on COVID-19 transmission in India date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3862 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = We developed a model of COVID-19 transmission in RLAs, evaluating the impact of extended RLA closure compared with RLA reopening on cases, hospitalizations, and mortality rates within the RLAs of five major Indian cities, within the cities, and across India. The combined features of a high volume of visitors, high contact rates, potential higher infectivity of sex workers, and long-distance travel of clients across India may make the reopening of RLAs a risk to increasing COVID-19 transmission, health care utilization, and death. To understand the potential impact of extended closure of RLAs on COVID-19 in India, we developed a model that quantifies the effects of re-opening RLAs after the end of the lockdown. We found that an extended closure of RLAs after the initial lockdown period would avert 32% to 60.2% of cumulative cases and 43% to 67.6% of cumulative deaths across India when compared at the date of the peak of epidemic under re-opening of RLAs ( Fig. 3 , Appendix Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-237140-ybfifsid author = Wang, Ding title = Impact of COVID-19 Behavioral Inertia on Reopening Strategies for New York City Transit date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6471 sentences = 316 flesch = 55 summary = A new COVID model is calibrated that represents travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by recalibrating the population agendas to include work-from-home and re-estimating the mode choice model for MATSim-NYC to fit observed traffic and transit ridership data. However, as far as we know, no research in the literature have used the agent-based traffic simulation model to study the impact of the epidemic/pandemic disease on people's travel behaviors and mode share as well as its ability to test different transport system operating policies for decision-makers. Based on the synthetic population along with calibrated transit schedules, a multi-agent simulation (Horni et al., 2016) We propose to re-calibrate the MATSim-NYC model using ridership and WFH data during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period to update the mode choice utility functions for the synthetic population. To test the impacts of behavior inertia from COVID-19 with different transit operations in the full reopening Phase 4, we estimate the traffic volume and speed for car trips per road link from the simulation results. cache = ./cache/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt txt = ./txt/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-241686-bzt6jsyi author = Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar title = In Silico Investigations on the Potential Inhibitors for COVID-19 Protease date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1355 sentences = 80 flesch = 56 summary = This prompted us to perform a preliminary in silico study on the COVID-19 protease with anti-malarial compounds in the search of potential inhibitor. Among the seven studied compounds, mepacrine appears as the potential inhibitor of the COVID-19 followed by chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and phomarin. Based on the results of some clinical trials, it has been reported [11] that chloroquine phosphate, an anti-malarial drug, has a certain curative effect on the COVID-19. This motivated us to perform a systematic study on some anti-malarial drugs using molecular docking and reinvestigate their biological activities and pharmacological effects. To identify the potential binding sites for anti-malarial compounds, we have been performed an automated in silico molecular-docking procedure using the SwissDock web server [14, 15] , which is based on the docking algorithm EADock ESS. We have performed a systematic study on anti-malarial compounds in the search of potential inhibitors for novel coronavirus, COVID-19 protease. cache = ./cache/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-238444-v9gfh3m1 author = Maghdid, Halgurd S. title = A Smartphone enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3833 sentences = 224 flesch = 59 summary = Further, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. From a technical standpoint, we summarise the most important contributions of this paper as follows: 1) We build a tracking model based on positional information of registered users to conduct contact-tracing of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The best thing to do seems to be let people go out for their business, but any body tests positive of COVID-19, we would be able, through proposed framework, to trace everybody in contact with the confirmed case and managing the lockdown and mass quarantine. In this study, K-means as an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is used to cluster the users' positions information and predict that the area should be locked down or not based on same empirical thresholds. cache = ./cache/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251581-8ubyveyt author = Szymkowiak, Andrzej title = In-store epidemic behavior: scale development and validation date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6038 sentences = 297 flesch = 51 summary = All identified factors significantly correlated with the in-store infection threat which reiterates the importance of providing information revealing the true scale of the pandemic and not leaving space for individuals to create subjective probability judgments. Nonetheless, one must also bear in mind that grocery stores are a place for possible transmission of many bacterial and viral pathogens (Bell et al., 2009; Dalton, New, & Health, 2006; Sinclair, Fahnestock, Feliz, Patel, & Perry, 2018) , causing consumers to undertake various behavioral changes in their approach to shopping. Based on the analysis of this limited quantity of research related to consumer behavioral changes in response to epidemics, it is clear that there is a gap in research on how the fear of contagion and not budgetary limitations can impact consumer willingness to shop at stationery stores. Moreover, the questionnaire was performed during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic which limits the possibility of comparing the results for in-shop behaviors with a time from before the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251961-g0n85kxz author = Li, Guoming title = Safety and efficacy of Artemisinin-Piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomized, and controlled trial date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3408 sentences = 190 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, the time to reach undetectable SARS-CoV-2 was significantly shorter in the AP group than that in the control group. According to the "China's Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) ", COVID-19 patients are usually categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and critical based on their symptoms. Initially, this trial was an open-label randomized parallel-group controlled trial intended to compare the efficacy and safety of AP tablets in comparison with hydroxychloroquine to treat patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. And the rate of patients to undetected SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR at day 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 during drug administration, the CT images results within ten days, the abnormal laboratory index and adverse events would be compared between the two treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252015-9oiwcn8q author = Niu, Alex title = COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1278 sentences = 82 flesch = 49 summary = Shortly thereafter, RT-PCR/CRISPR was performed on a blood sample collected on hospital day 36 for clinical purposes and demonstrated strong detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Fig. 1c) . Here, we present two cases of ASCT recipients who presented with respiratory illnesses, initially testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 with conventional RT-PCR, then positive with the more sensitive RT-PCR/CRISPR technique. Our findings suggest that ASCT recipients with negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, but evidence of lower respiratory tract disease, might indeed have COVID-19 that can be detected using a CRISPR-based platform. While safety concerns with performing bronchoscopy remain high with this infection, and COVID-19specific treatments depend on securing a positive test, it may be beneficial to pursue diagnosis with other tissue sources, such as whole blood or plasma. In conclusion, early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial in ASCT recipients, and evaluation regarding the use of other tissue sources for detection of SARS-CoV-2 along with multimodality therapy is required in the continual evolution of this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251957-luw8m3eq author = Griffin, Claire L. title = Aortic Disease in the Time of COVID: Repercussions on Patient Care at an Academic Aortic Center date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1402 sentences = 76 flesch = 50 summary = Here we describe the modifications we have implemented in clinical care provided by the 8 multidisciplinary Aortic Disease Program at our large regional referral institution to address the 9 challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately given the rapid escalation of this worldwide pandemic, we do not 19 have the luxury of waiting for definitive data regarding the effects of COVID-19 on the 20 cardiovascular system-we must proceed in the face of this uncertainty to continue to take care 21 of patients. We have also considered altering our operative plan for patients with aortic disease in need of 13 high-risk operations to take into consideration the current and projected constrained resources of 14 our hospital system due to the pandemic. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During 17 the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-247554-535cpe5x author = Moustakas, Aristides title = Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 169 flesch = 46 summary = Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. To that end methods that can account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation [17] in the data of new Covid-19 cases but can quantify the effect of each epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention are key to our understanding of how the disease spreads in populations worldwide [18, 19] . Hierarchical Variance Partitioning (HVP) statistical modelling was implemented to account for the contribution of each data driven epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention explanatory variable to the total variance of new Covid-19 per million cases [29, 30] . Results from variance partitioning of the data-driven selected 9 epidemiological, public health, economic, and governmental intervention variables explaining Covid-19 new cases per million across countries through time, indicated that the vast majority of new cases per million are explained by the number of tests conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249256-bd9j1din author = Cho, Jungwoo title = Running the COVID-19 marathon: the behavioral adaptations in mobility and facemask over 27 weeks of pandemic in Seoul, South Korea date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3710 sentences = 187 flesch = 46 summary = The phase-specific linear models reveal the strong, self-driven mobility reductions in the first escalation and peak with a common focus on public transit use and less-essential weekend/afternoon trips. Mobility intervention has been embraced as one of the most effective and immediate control measures since the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, and universal quarantines such as lockdown and shelter-in-place have shown measurable success. Several recent studies also emphasized the need to understand behavioral aspects and perception changes regarding policy adherence 12 , and the importance of mobility data analyses for a broader understanding of the efficacy of public communication and social distancing interventions 13 . In this paper, we employ data-centric approaches to trace the evolution of mobility behavioral adaptation and its relationship to epidemic progression in Seoul, South Korea for the first 189 days (27 weeks). cache = ./cache/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-250374-y84dufy4 author = Le'on, Ugo Avila-Ponce de title = A data driven analysis and forecast of an SEIARD epidemic model for COVID-19 in Mexico date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2039 sentences = 137 flesch = 56 summary = We calculate the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) via the next-generation matrix method, and we estimate the per day infection, death and recovery rates. To describe the evolution of the epidemic in Mexico taking into account the social distancing measures taken by the government, we will assume that the infection rate, recovery rate and death rate are time-dependent functions, similar to those used in [3] . To model the effect of epidemic control measures, which cause the number of contacts per person per unit time to decrease as the epidemic progresses, we describe the infection rate by the function The optimization of parameters to describe the outbreak of COVID-19 in Mexico were fitted by minimizing the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), in such a way that the solutions for D(t) and R I (t) obtained by the model approximate the reported values for deaths and recovered cases, respectively, while the sum I(t) + R I (t) + D(t) approximates the cumulative number of infected cases with symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252251-ji45igni author = Yannouchos, T. title = Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3864 sentences = 249 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: We estimated the association between patients characteristics and COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization and adverse outcome in Mexico. Male gender, older age, having one or more comorbidities, and chronic renal disease, diabetes, obesity, COPD, immunosuppression and hypertension were associated with hospitalization and adverse outcome. We performed a cross-sectional secondary data analysis using a publicly available individual level dataset which included patients classified as 'suspected cases of viral respiratory disease' . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122481 doi: medRxiv preprint COVID-19 diagnosis, the dataset included additional information related to clinical endpoints, namely whether the patient was admitted into an intensive care unit, intubated, and died. Patients with one or more comorbidities, particularly those with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and COPD were also more prevalent in both the hospitalized and the adverse outcome groups. Approximately 1 in 5 patients with laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 had more than 1 comorbidity, and they had approximately 3-fold higher risk for hospitalization and adverse outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249065-6yt3uqyy author = Kassani, Sara Hosseinzadeh title = Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in X-ray and CT Images: A Machine Learning-Based Approach date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4285 sentences = 229 flesch = 45 summary = To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first comprehensive study of the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms (15 deep CNN visual feature extractor and 6 ML classifier) for automatic diagnoses of COVID-19 from X-ray and CT images. • With extensive experiments, we show that the combination of a deep CNN with Bagging trees classifier achieves very good classification performance applied on COVID-19 data despite the limited number of image samples. Motivated by the success of deep learning models in computer vision, the focus of this research is to provide an extensive comprehensive study on the classification of COVID-19 pneumonia in chest X-ray and CT imaging using features extracted by the stateof-the-art deep CNN architectures and trained on machine learning algorithms. The experimental results on available chest X-ray and CT dataset demonstrate that the features extracted by DesnseNet121 architecture and trained by a Bagging tree classifier generates very accurate prediction of 99.00% in terms of classification accuracy. cache = ./cache/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-247059-uez654q2 author = Alom, Md Zahangir title = COVID_MTNet: COVID-19 Detection with Multi-Task Deep Learning Approaches date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4709 sentences = 264 flesch = 56 summary = We employ our Inception Residual Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning (TL) approach for COVID-19 detection and our NABLA-N network model for segmenting the regions infected by COVID-19. For chest X-ray image analysis, due to the scarcity of publicly available COVID-19 X-ray samples, we have trained our model with a pneumonia dataset, and then utilized a Transfer Learning (TL) method for retraining with samples of COVID-19. • The proposed methods are evaluated for both Xray and CT images and achieved promising results for COVID-19 detection and infected region localization tasks. The qualitative results clearly demonstrate that the proposed model is able to segment and detect contaminated regions of COVID-19 accurately from the chest X-ray images. The quantitative and qualitative results clearly show that the proposed classification and segmentation for X-ray images demonstrate promising performance in detection and infected region extraction. cache = ./cache/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251962-xeue441p author = Armour, Cherie title = The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10287 sentences = 482 flesch = 52 summary = The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. 2005) , posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured, and, given the nature of the study and prior research having highlighted that quarantined and infected individuals and their family 1 Please note that these figures refer to deaths of people who had a confirmed positive COVID19 test result. In order to assess the representativeness of the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study sample to the UK general population, it was compared to data from the UK Census 2011 for adults aged 18 years + . cache = ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249166-0w0t631x author = Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title = Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7251 sentences = 424 flesch = 60 summary = We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252279-0gozdv43 author = Pal, Amit title = Hydroxychloroquine and Covid-19: A Cellular and Molecular Biology Based Update date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3858 sentences = 207 flesch = 39 summary = Without a therapeutic vaccine or specific antiviral drugs, and with a desperate attempt to find a cure against novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) [1] , the limelight was shifted to hydoxychloroquine (derivative of chloroquine that has antimalarial, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiautophagy activities [2, 3] ; upon a tweet by US president Mr. Donald J. The main aim of this review is to discuss the mode of action of hydroxychloroquine at cellular and molecular levels, that potentially support the clinical efficacy and few adverse side effects observed in Covid-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, which may further help in improving the clinical outcomes by modifying or altering the drug itself or its restricted use in certain individuals by enforcing strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Due to its cellular and molecular effects as discussed in previous sections, quite a few clinical trials are studying the effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine (also chloroquine) for Covid-19 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ results?cond=%22wuhan?coronavirus%22). cache = ./cache/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249477-ux15lv31 author = Darius, Philipp title = How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: 'Highjacking' Hashtags in Times of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2746 sentences = 136 flesch = 49 summary = For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative f"ur Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of 'hashjacking' in May 2020. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by 'hashjacking' COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE or #FlattenTheCurve. It is important to know the dynamics of social media discourse, when engaging in it: A small group of political partisans, in our case of the far-right AfD, systematically polarises discussions on public hashtags to influence public opinion formation and leverage their own content. As alternative communication channels (social platforms and messengers) are particularly attractive for right-wing populist and radical-right politicians, we assume that COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE and #Flatten-TheCurve, have been systematically targeted by German far-right partisans of #AFD. cache = ./cache/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252273-mykwzlsu author = Politis, Constantina title = Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 95 flesch = 48 summary = Post-donation, post-transfusion information and molecular testing of swab samples collected from three asymptomatic donors at risk for COVID-19, revealed the case of an immunosupressed patient who had been transfused with whole blood derived platelets from a donor subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. According to the case report described for the first time by Cho et al., the transfusion of apheresis platelets to a patient diagnosed with severe aplastic anaemia from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 did not result in the transmission of the disease 14 . In our study we describe the haemovigilance data over a surveillance period of three months (March to May 2020) when prevalence of the virus was high, focusing on post-donation and post-transfusion information regarding the transfusion to an immunocompromised patient of whole blood derived platelets from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252084-04zbbyii author = Dawson, P. title = Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1854 sentences = 106 flesch = 56 summary = Among individuals with COVID-19 enrolled in a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most commonly reported symptom (26/42; 62%), and among household contacts, it had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55-95%) for COVID-19. Among the 64 household members of COVID-19 index cases, loss of taste and/or smell was reported by 12 individuals, of whom 10 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positive predictive value (PPV) of any loss of taste and/or smell for COVID-19 (83%, 95% CI: 55-95%) was higher than for fever (subjective or measured) and cough, two of the three classic symptoms, and equal to the third, shortness of breath (83%, 95% CI: 44-97%) ( Table 2) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20101006 doi: medRxiv preprint absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, criteria for a probable COVID-19 case now include loss of taste and/or smell in conjunction with other non-classic symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author = Loeffler-Wirth, H. title = Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7923 sentences = 425 flesch = 50 summary = Different models, mostly assuming a series of diseases states such as the 'Susceptible-Infected-Removed' (SIR) types (see below) have been used to describe 'epi-curves' of selected countries and regions under consideration of i) spatial heterogeneous outbreak and transmission scenarios, and ii) the effect of NPIs [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . The obtained trajectories then enable to visually estimate the dynamic state of epidemic in terms of simple shape characteristics such as slope, parallel shifts or turning points with direct relations to transmission and removal rates of the disease. They enable monitoring the state in terms of differences and similarities between the countries and geographic regions revealing specifics and commons of epidemic spread: (i) A unique linear slope of most of the trajectories in the intermediate abscissa range is indicative for exponential growth in early phases of the outbreak of the pandemic (low level of immunity in the population). cache = ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251945-v077hhgk author = Titanji, Boghuma K title = Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib as Treatment of COVID-19 Friend or Foe of the Pancreas? Cerda-Contreras et.al date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 728 sentences = 53 flesch = 44 summary = The cytopathic effects from local virus replication and significant inflammation associated with severe disease may contribute to pancreatic tissue damage in patients with COVID-19. New onset type I diabetes mellitus and worsening type II diabetes mellitus have been linked to damage of pancreatic islet cells in patients with COVID-19 3 , further supporting the tropism of SARS-CoV2 for the pancreas and the potential damaging effects to that organ. We also note that in addition, the patient received treatment with steroids and propofol, both of which have been independently associated with acute pancreatitis 4-6 . In targeting the hyper-inflammation that is associated with severe COVID-19, timing of immunomodulatory therapy is key, and combining potent immuno-modulators requires caution to avoid tipping the balance in favor of enhanced viral replication. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members cache = ./cache/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252374-obl6pfpf author = Zaninotto, Martina title = Cardiac troponin I in SARS-CoV-2-patients: the additional prognostic value of serial monitoring date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2956 sentences = 156 flesch = 40 summary = Aim of our study has been to investigate in COVID-19 patients the kinetics of release of cardiac troponin I and time course of its concentrations, measured with a high-sensitivity method (hs-TnI), in order to verify if serial measurements may provide additional and clinically useful information in identifying the underlying mechanisms of release and patients' risk stratification and prognosis. Several papers in the recent literature have highlighted the complex interaction between the cardiovascular system and COVID-19, showing myocardial injury in 20 to 40% of hospitalized patients (14, 15) : heart failure, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), arrhythmia and myocarditis, the most frequent complications, are all associated with elevated cardiac troponins, evidenced in particular by high-sensitivity immunoassays (16, 17) . These results seem to provide clinically relevant and specific informations regarding the type and the severity of myocardial injury associated to COVID 19 disease (21, 22) , thus assuring additional clinical data for stratifying risk, establishing the prognosis, managing patients and gaining important epidemiological insight on cardiac involvement in SARS-CoV-2 patients (23, 24) . cache = ./cache/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252013-ehyuflg3 author = Bozzani, Antonio title = ACUTE ARTERIAL AND DEEP VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2533 sentences = 127 flesch = 45 summary = AIM: Our aim was to report the experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy), including the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of COVID-19 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that critically ill, COVID-19 patients who develop arterial and deep vein thrombosis are at high risk of mortality, but if treated properly, there is an improvement in overall survival rate, especially in patients of 60 years of age or younger. The aim of our analysis was to report our experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy), focusing on the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of COVID-19 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). cache = ./cache/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252328-ov4r3ple author = Ortoleva, Jamel title = Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 482 sentences = 45 flesch = 40 summary = authors: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients 1 The predominant cause of critical illness and death in coronavirus patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 2 Another important cause which is frequently present with ARDS is cytokine storm can result in vasodilatory shock and multiorgan dysfunction. 4, 5 Anesthesiologists are in a unique position to blend a unique skill set of knowledge in mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic management, procedural expertise, and pharmacology to treat the most critically ill COVID-19 patients. 6 It would be exciting to study ketamine as part of a sedation regimen, in double blindrandomized fashion, for patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia (COVACTA) cache = ./cache/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252050-e71b15vg author = Wu, Jie title = Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1150 sentences = 54 flesch = 41 summary = a To ensure effective treatment of patients with COVID-19 admitted to these COVID-19 ark hospitals, a range of pharmacy services had to be provided, including formulation of a catalog of required drugs, medication supply chain management, storage of drugs, medication dispensing, and evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy. The outbreak of COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), 1 emerged in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, in December 2019. 5 As the local epidemic was getting worse, health officials recognized a problem: the growing number of patients with mild COVID-19, whose initial symptoms did not require admission to one of the city's established acute care hospitals but who might spread the illness among family members if they continued to reside in the community. 7 The COVID-19 ark hospitals, typically housing a medical function unit, ward unit, and technical support unit, provided services ranging from clinical examination to emergency treatment and surgical intervention. Establishing and managing a temporary coronavirus disease 2019 specialty hospital in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252149-0n58lec6 author = Wang, Jiancong title = To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1098 sentences = 72 flesch = 48 summary = In China, resumption of works and production, reopening shops and restaurants, and even relaxation of travel restrictions have restored hope for virus-ravaged economies around the world. 7 The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China strengthened and implemented various measures and/or policies in the face of another potential epidemic wave. 9 Various measures (eg, travel history declaration, health epidemiological survey, temperature measurement, and rapid screening at airports) were conducted to efficiently detect suspected cases. A green barcode indicated that a person was at low risk of having COVID-19 and/or transmitting SARS-CoV-2 and had been given approval for a "health permit" that allowed to access workplaces, shops, and restaurants (Supplementary Material Fig. 1 online) . A red barcode indicated that a person was at high risk of having COVID-19 and/or transmitting SARS-CoV-2 and that he or she would be contacted by the local health authorities for mandatory quarantine measures (by law) and medical observation. cache = ./cache/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252161-1ve7heyb author = Maulik, Pallab K. title = Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3897 sentences = 148 flesch = 41 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251959-3j4bqub4 author = Jozaghi, Ehsan title = COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 682 sentences = 35 flesch = 54 summary = However, we would like to raise concern about the state of social care and housing for marginalized people who use drugs and how COVID-19 could cause devastation if effective preventive measures fail to be implemented. At the same time, the housing available for people who use drugs (PWUDs) often includes shared bathrooms, kitchens, and other facilities that could increase the risk of an outbreak if preventive measures are not considered. Similarly, we urge the health agencies to plan and find appropriate physical spaces for PWUDs when they become infected with COVID-19 because all of the protective measures listed above will be inefficient if infected PWUDs are left in shelters, homeless camps, or single room occupancy locations where other vulnerable people are also housed. The city of Victoria, BC, for example, passed an emergency resolution calling on the government in BC to use emergency powers to utilize empty hotels and motels for vulnerable homeless populations as a self-isolation measure during the COVID-19 pandemic (The Canadian Press 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252423-ojmt4k2w author = Qu, Bing title = Monologue of a physician who tested persistently positive for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1100 sentences = 95 flesch = 72 summary = The COVID-19, as other new infectious diseases, has presented us unprecedented challenges and put us into huge dilemma. As a physician on clinical frontline, I had been treating patients actively and wishing them an early recovery, but never expecting that I would be infected. As in the early stage we knew little about COVID-19 and the possibility that someone with COVID-19 can transmit the virus even if they are not showing symptoms, many healthcare professionals were infected. According to a Press Conference of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 on February 24, 3387 medical staff have been reported to be infected, among which over 90% were from Hubei province. Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251934-qi2c704c author = Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra title = Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers Are Not Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization: Study of 1,439 UK Biobank Cases date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3651 sentences = 173 flesch = 37 summary = This study aims to investigate, factors associated with COVID-19 positivity in hospital for 1,436 UK Biobank participants; compared with individuals who tested negative, and with the untested, presumed negative, rest of the cohort. BAME ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remaining cohort (test negatives plus untested). The aim of this study is to investigate the association of demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity), cardiometabolic profile [body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, prior myocardial infarction (MI), smoking], and ACEi/ARB use with COVID-19 positivity in hospital using data from UKB. In this analysis of 7,099 UKB participants tested for COVID-19 in a hospital setting, BAME ethnicity, younger age, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positive test in comparison to the rest of the cohort (tested negatives plus untested). cache = ./cache/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252306-68eogdyc author = Adler, Hugh title = Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 505 sentences = 40 flesch = 36 summary = We reviewed all microbiology results for patients admitted to Whiston hospital (Prescot, UK) with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 between March 6, 2020, and April 7, 2020. Hospital policy for patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia, including suspected COVID-19 cases, recommends blood cultures and pneumococcal and Legionella urinary antigen tests based on clinical severity, in line with national guidelines. We recorded results for 7 days from the positive COVID-19 test because positive samples collected after this time period might represent hospital-acquired infections. Our findings suggest that bacterial co-infection is uncommon in patients with COVID-19 who are newly admitted to hospital. If superimposed bacterial communityacquired pneumonia is suspected, coverage for typical pathogens such as pneumococcus might suffice, unless there is specific clinical concern for infection with atypical agents. Future studies should implement standardised microbiological sampling for all COVID-19 admissions and prospectively correlate the prevalence of co-infection with mortality rates. Clinical management of persons admitted to hospital with suspected COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252416-d244rl65 author = Gomes, Bruno de Araujo title = In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1394 sentences = 84 flesch = 53 summary = From the beginning of the year 2020, the world was affected by a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at a global level, and thus generating exposure of health professionals to this extremely contagious virus. Following an international initiative to target 3D prints for PPE production in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by Prusa Research (Prague, Czech Republic), the Oral and Maxillofacial team at the General Hospital of Cuiabá reproduced an in-house 3D printing workflow. Prusa designed Faces Shields and the model chosen for the process was RC2, this being adapted to the characteristics of 3D printing, through the Simplify 3D software (Simplify 3D, Cincinnati, OH), for Gtmax3D Core H5 printer (Americana, São Paulo, Brazil). The printing speed was 100%, totaling 3 hours and 44 minutes for each complete pair of face shield structures, which are 2.5 mm thick on the external handle and 2 mm on the internal handle, with 4 reliefs for fitting the transparent acetate visor. cache = ./cache/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252528-rgnhfcbx author = Du, Fenghe title = COVID-19: the role of excessive cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation in promoting hypercoagulable state associated with severe illness date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8437 sentences = 359 flesch = 30 summary = • Anti-inflammatory therapies, including tocilizumab, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, which can be promising treatment to control excessive cytokine release in severe COVID-19, have the potential to reduce the risk of vascular thrombotic events, but more clinical data are needed for optimum instruction of drug use and drug selection. By interpreting the pathological mechanisms, we aim to illustrate that excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation can promote the hypercoagulable state in severe COVID19 , and propose that the anti-inflammatory medications, as well as ACEI/ARB, can benefit severe COVID-19 patients by reducing the risk of vascular thrombotic events. cache = ./cache/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252557-f89m6xv5 author = Ong, John title = Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1300 sentences = 97 flesch = 47 summary = title: Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard Over 3000 healthcare workers (HCW) in China are suspected of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and over 1700 tested positive. PPE recommendation (general staff): ► All patients to be offered surgical face masks Contingency plan for high-risk patients detected in endoscopy: ► Not stated. PPE recommendation (general staff): ► None stated Contingency plan for high-risk patients detected in endoscopy: ► Not stated. 4 Patient screening undoubtedly is the foremost step at preventing nosocomial transmission; timely detection allows postponement of non-urgent procedures until the infection has resolved, significantly reducing transmission risk to patients and staff. Detecting 'false negatives' that slip through processes allows for the identification of HCWs and patients with infection risk after exposure to asymptomatic or subclinical carriers in the viral incubation period at the time of endoscopy. cache = ./cache/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252434-7g69amr1 author = Lu, Xiao title = Therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula on severe COVID-19 patients in a makeshift intensive-care unit: A case report date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 141 flesch = 48 summary = Considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, the respiratory-treatment strategy in these nonstandard ICUs is different from those in general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role in nonstandard ICUs and is beneficial to the patients therein. Because these nonstandard ICUs are repurposed general wards, and considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, these wards have different respiratory-treatment strategies than general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role and is beneficial to patients in nonstandard ICUs. HFNC appears to be an effective new therapeutic option compared with other oxygen delivery devices (e.g., nonrebreathing oxygen masks, Venturi masks). Due to his obvious chest tightness, shortness of breath, and orthopnea -all of which might have been partial manifestations of heart failure-he was given HFNC (initial flow rate, 60 L/min; oxygen concentration, 90%; temperature, 37°C) and diuretic treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252284-cgdcsazr author = Zeng, Jia-Hui title = First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1988 sentences = 124 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. Bedside echocardiography showed an enlarged left ventricle (61 mm), diffuse myocardial dyskinesia along with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (32%), pulmonary hypertension (44 mmHg), and no decrease in right cardiac function (Figs. Recently published COVID-19 studies have shown that cardiac complications, including heart failure, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction, are not uncommon, and the proportion of people with increased Trop I in severe cases is higher than other cases [3, 4] . In this case, the patient had the following features: sudden onset, obvious symptoms of viral infection, rapid emergence of severe hemodynamic disorders, severe myocardial injury, and diffuse decreased ventricular wall movement. In this case, the patient had no history of heart disease; therefore, the decreased cardiac function was likely to be caused by COVID-19. COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. cache = ./cache/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252400-fdi132vi author = Qiu, Liru title = A Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2201 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = However, our understanding of the clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and their ability of transmitting the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 still remains inadequate because only a handful pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported. RESULTS: The infant had life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury and persistent declined CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this article, we describe the complete clinical course and follow-up data of a critically ill infant with COVID-19 presenting with life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury. The infant's severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acids tests of rectal and nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative on the 38th day and 49th day of illness, respectively. Data of adults also showed that lymphopenia and reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were the clinical features observed in severe COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252343-a85wz2hs author = Skoda, Eva-Maria title = Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. In this study, nHPs reported overall higher levels of psychological burden than the HPs, which is particularly pronounced in generalized anxiety and depression scores. In the investigated sample, nursing staff seems to be the most vulnerable group for mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas a high subjective level of information seems to be associated with less psychological burden. cache = ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252616-aobuhwbi author = Dalla Costa, Gloria title = Real-time assessment of COVID-19 prevalence among multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter European study date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1732 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = We assessed the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients across Europe by leveraging participant data collected as part of the ongoing EU IMI2 RADAR-CNS major programme aimed at finding new ways of monitoring neurological disorders using wearable devices and smartphone technology. Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADAR-CNS) is an Innovative Medicine Initiative-funded project aimed at monitoring major depressive disorders, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS) using wearable devices and smartphone technology [2] . Through the ongoing remote monitoring of MS patients in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04519-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. However, the study highlights the importance of remote monitoring technologies that have shed some light on the impact of COVID-19 in our MS patients in real time and may provide support to health authorities in monitoring and containing the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252513-zwdy1h7j author = Kiely, Daniel J. title = Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1338 sentences = 86 flesch = 39 summary = title: Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic ABSTRACT Health care team training and simulation-based education are important for preparing obstetrical services to meet the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the impact of infection prevention and control protocols on processes of care (e.g., appropriate and correct use of personal protective equipment, patient transport, preparation for emergency cesarean delivery with the potential for emergency intubation, management of simultaneous obstetric emergencies, delivery in alternate locations in the hospital, potential for increased decision-to-delivery intervals, and communication with patients). This article outlines strategies (spatial, temporal, video-recording, video-conferencing, and virtual) to effectively engage in health care team training and simulation-based education while maintaining social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. virtual) to effectively engage in health care team training and simulation-based education while maintaining social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252506-8u9oiqoc author = Scarfò, Lydia title = COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4023 sentences = 248 flesch = 49 summary = authors: Scarfò, Lydia; Chatzikonstantinou, Thomas; Rigolin, Gian Matteo; Quaresmini, Giulia; Motta, Marina; Vitale, Candida; Garcia-Marco, Jose Antonio; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel; Mirás, Fatima; Baile, Mónica; Marquet, Juan; Niemann, Carsten U.; Reda, Gianluigi; Munir, Talha; Gimeno, Eva; Marchetti, Monia; Quaglia, Francesca Maria; Varettoni, Marzia; Delgado, Julio; Iyengar, Sunil; Janssens, Ann; Marasca, Roberto; Ferrari, Angela; Cuéllar-García, Carolina; Itchaki, Gilad; Špaček, Martin; De Paoli, Lorenzo; Laurenti, Luca; Levin, Mark-David; Lista, Enrico; Mauro, Francesca R.; Šimkovič, Martin; Van Der Spek, Ellen; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth; Trentin, Livio; Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa; Ruchlemer, Rosa; Bron, Dominique; De Paolis, Maria Rosaria; Del Poeta, Giovanni; Farina, Lucia; Foglietta, Myriam; Gentile, Massimo; Herishanu, Yair; Herold, Tobias; Jaksic, Ozren; Kater, Arnon P.; Kersting, Sabina; Malerba, Lara; Orsucci, Lorella; Popov, Viola Maria; Sportoletti, Paolo; Yassin, Mohamed; Pocali, Barbara; Barna, Gabor; Chiarenza, Annalisa; dos Santos, Gimena; Nikitin, Eugene; Andres, Martin; Dimou, Maria; Doubek, Michael; Enrico, Alicia; Hakobyan, Yervand; Kalashnikova, Olga; Ortiz Pareja, Macarena; Papaioannou, Maria; Rossi, Davide; Shah, Nimish; Shrestha, Amit; Stanca, Oana; Stavroyianni, Niki; Strugov, Vladimir; Tam, Constantine; Zdrenghea, Mihnea; Coscia, Marta; Stamatopoulos, Kostas; Rossi, Giuseppe; Rambaldi, Alessandro; Montserrat, Emili'; Foà, Robin; Cuneo, Antonio; Ghia, Paolo Of the 190 patients studied, four Spanish cases were previously published in extenso [12] , 47 patients were included in a report describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection on the practical management of CLL in Italy with only limited clinical data [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252389-xrdbmosj author = Kumar, Mukesh title = Neurological manifestations and comorbidity associated with COVID-19: an overview date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5447 sentences = 265 flesch = 41 summary = In this article, we have reviewed the neurological characteristic features of COVID-19 patients, latent neurotropic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in the comorbidity associated with CNS disorders, and neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. Therefore, exploring the neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 is urgently required for better understanding the SARS-CoV-2 brain infections, inhibiting the additional spread and treating patients affected by this pandemic. The neuronal cells infected with virus, immune systems (microphase, T cells, and monocytes) triggered, and inflammatory system activated leads to cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and associated neurological manifestations neuroinvasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 [11, 35] . In a recent review [51] , authors have categorized the reported neurological findings related to COVID-19 into three categories: a) Central (headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, seizures, and special senses) b) Peripheral (hypogeusia, hyposmia) c) Musculoskeletal (ischemic or hemorrhagic) Apart from the above, increasing evidence indicated that coronaviruses may invade the CNS, causing neurological disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252661-wa0hdg1u author = Pennington, Zach title = Letter: Changes to neurosurgery resident education following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4245 sentences = 305 flesch = 48 summary = Here we surveyed program directors 6 (PDs) to ascertain how they have altered the education and clinical care responsibilities of 7 residents in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuing education in spite of decreased case 21 volume and maintaining resident morale are cited as the most common concerns of PDs. 22 23 Conclusion 24 Here we find that there is great homogeneity in the responses of neurosurgical residency 25 programs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuing education in spite of decreased case 21 volume and maintaining resident morale are cited as the most common concerns of PDs. 22 23 Conclusion 24 Here we find that there is great homogeneity in the responses of neurosurgical residency 25 programs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present the results of a survey of PDs for ACGME-accredited neurosurgery residency 126 programs regarding their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252664-h02qy4z0 author = Kontis, V. title = Age- and sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5884 sentences = 267 flesch = 64 summary = title: Ageand sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics Methods: We developed an ensemble of 16 Bayesian models that probabilistically estimate the weekly number of deaths that would be expected had the Covid-19 pandemic not occurred. We developed and applied methodology to quantify the weekly mortality impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and associated responses by age group and sex in England and Wales. We developed an ensemble of 16 short-term Bayesian mortality projection models that each make an estimate of weekly death rates that would be expected if the Covid-19 pandemic had not occurred. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20107680 doi: medRxiv preprint already a >92% probability that there were more deaths in both sexes and all age groups ≥45 years than would occur in the absence of the pandemic; the probability was 100% (i.e., every one of the 16,000 draws were positive) from the subsequent week (Figures 2 and 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252703-00ks1j0x author = Keddy, Karen H title = Developing health policies in patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2: consider tuberculosis date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 963 sentences = 64 flesch = 46 summary = The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to a prominent public health response, with many countries introducing highly proactive measures for screening and identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 might additionally negatively affect T-cell-mediated immunity, causing lymphopenia, particularly in those with a severe form of the disease, 8 which could reactivate latent tuberculosis or render patients with COVID-19 more susceptible to acquiring a tuberculosis infection. Any symptomatic patient presenting with presumptive COVID-19 from a population at a high risk for tuberculosis, or from a country in which tuberculosis is highly endemic, 4 should have both diseases considered when it comes to submitting specimens for diagnosis, because of the potential reactivation of latent tuberculosis caused by the presence of SARS-CoV-2, or the greater frequency of tuberculosis presenting as community-acquired pneumonia in those populations. cache = ./cache/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252531-i3b647wv author = Song, Zaiwei title = Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3531 sentences = 180 flesch = 31 summary = Results Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. For COVID-19 patients receiving centralized hospitalized treatment, pharmaceutical care services are https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027 Received 31 March 2020; Accepted 31 March 2020 indispensable supplement for clinical treatment and management, which is of great significance for improving the level of drug therapy, improving patient's outcome and promoting the overall pandemic control. Based on the Chinese perspective of "centralizing COVID-19 patients and centralized inpatient treatment", the paper established a pharmaceutical care framework of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, including participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), providing emotional counselling and psychological support and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. cache = ./cache/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252721-vy6tfer4 author = Purnama, T. B. title = How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1916 sentences = 111 flesch = 57 summary = title: How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice Method: This study elaborates qualitative design in exploring the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains dealing with universal precaution during the handling of the deceased body of COVID-19. A qualitative study was employed to explore knowledge, perception, and practice among muslim burial handlers on burial rites in COVID-19 cases. The muslim burial handlers suggests conducting community education about the stages of burial rites, health promotion and the availability of personal protective equipment to be important aspects in preventing transmission of COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). The limited understanding and perception of muslim burial rites is a new issue in preventing the new COVID-19 cluster in the community. cache = ./cache/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252726-t5tcp6di author = Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title = COVID‐19 and Clinical Pharmacy Worldwide ‐ A Wake Up Call and a Call to Action date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2063 sentences = 103 flesch = 48 summary = And because many of the clinical services that pharmacists provide are bundled with medicine access, we have limited time to confirm our role as essential in the modern health care team. As the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions continue to push us to develop additional strategies to preserve the medical supply chain, we anticipate that considerations for clinical pharmacy activities will decline. In Australia, as the pandemic worsened globally, the key health settings (hospitals and community pharmacies) struggled to project how they would optimize care provision while also serving as a good learning environment for pharmacy students and pre-registration interns. In addition, many hospital sites suggested that by having skilled pharmacy students rotating through to support medication provision meant that more experienced pharmacists could remain allocated to direct patient care services. Numerous articles have highlighted the role of clinical pharmacy in response to unique COVID-19-related challenges and the need for greater political advocacy for the value of these services. cache = ./cache/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252714-idlyl4ga author = Islam, M. Saiful title = Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5654 sentences = 348 flesch = 51 summary = 1,2 Outbreaks of newly emerging or remerging infectious diseases present a unique challenge and a threat to healthcare providers (HCPs) and other frontline responders due to limited understanding of the emerging threat and reliance on infection prevention and control (IPC) measures that may not consider all transmission dynamics of the emerging pathogens. We searched publications in English on 'PubMed' and Google Scholar for the period between January 1 and April 27, 2020, using the following search terms: "2019-nCoV" or "COVID-19" or "2019 novel coronavirus" or "SARS-CoV-2." To identify COVID-19 IPC guidelines, we visited the websites of the international public health agencies such as CDC, ECDC, WHO, as well as the Australian Government Department of Health, the Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and Public Health England. cache = ./cache/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252745-qhhziz0u author = Gheysarzadeh, Ali title = Report of four pregnant women getting COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran: Case Series date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1026 sentences = 80 flesch = 61 summary = This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection in four pregnant women in Ilam, Iran. Findings In the present study, four pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were reported. Conclusion This study showed although pregnant women were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, they were treated successfully. Due to some physiological causes, such as the suppression of the immune system,pregnant women are at high-risk groups (5, 6) .The purpose of this study was to report the 4 pregnant women infecting the COVID-19 in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital that is located in Ilam, Iran. Positive real-time PCR test for COVID-19 has been reported.Patient had mild fever, her other vital signs were Blood Presure = 120/80, Respirature Rate = 14 and Heart Rate = 86. The first group is Asymptomatic infection that they are positive for real-time PCR, but there are no clinical symptoms, and imaging examinations are normal.The second group is acute upper respiratory tract infection: only fever, cough, pharyngeal pain, nasal obstruction, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or discomfort are observed. cache = ./cache/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252699-0xw9xvox author = de Marcaida, Joy Antonelle title = Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Patients at a Movement Disorders Center date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3438 sentences = 151 flesch = 42 summary = Second, we reviewed Hartford HealthCare's EHR to identify patients with Parkinson disease who were admitted for COVID-19 to any of our six affiliate hospitals across the state as a way to estimate the burden of COVID-19 on the population of patients with movement disorders. Of the patients who died, twelve (92%) were greater than 60 years old, eleven (85%) had parkinsonism, eleven (85%) were from an extended care facility, nine (69%) had comorbid dementia, nine (69%) had at least one high-risk comorbid condition, eight (62%) had alteration in mental status as a presenting symptom, and eight (62%) received a medication with antiviral properties (hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, amantadine, and memantine), including three who were on an adamantane prior to contracting COVID-19. Within our cohort of patients with movement disorders, factors related to increased mortality were age over 60 years, PD or parkinsonism diagnosis, residing in an extended care facility, comorbid dementia, and comorbid medical conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252775-faxiem2w author = Tamagnini, Gabriele title = Cardiac surgery in the time of the novel coronavirus: Why we should think to a new normal date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1722 sentences = 87 flesch = 45 summary = The Cardiac Surgery Departments have to think to a new normal: since the virus will remain endemic in the society, dedicated pathways or even dedicated Teams are pivotal to treat safely the patients, in respect of the safety of the health care workers. Moreover, we need a keen eye on deciding which pathologies have to be treated with priority: Coronary artery Disease showed a higher mortality rate in patients affected by COVID19, but it is, however, reasonable to think that all the cardiac pathologies affecting the lung circulation—such as symptomatic severe mitral diseases or aortic stenosis—might deserve a priority access to treatment, to increase the survival rate in case of an acquired‐Coronavirus infection later on. In epidemiological terms, it would be reasonable to consider a comparison of the age-profile overlap among patients who suffered from more severe COVID-19 with patients who undergo cardiac surgical procedures, since both prevalence of valvular diseases and casefatality rates for COVID-19 increase in the elderly patients. cache = ./cache/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252727-9v2zr75m author = Henry, Brandon Michael title = Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3432 sentences = 147 flesch = 37 summary = title: Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort Since previous evidence has demonstrated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) may be a useful prognostic parameter in many critical illnesses and infectious diseases, we investigated the utility of RDW for monitoring patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In critically ill patients with sepsis, baseline RDW has been shown to be a significant and independent predictor of mortality [6] , while another recent study reported elevated RDW was associated with decreased ventilator free days in the intensive care unit [7] . In this report, we performed an analysis of red blood cell (RBC) indices across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity and analyzed the diagnostic performance of RDW for predicting development of severe disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). cache = ./cache/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252687-7084pfqm author = Szelenberger, Rafal title = Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7334 sentences = 378 flesch = 37 summary = Many clinical studies have shown an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypercoagulability diagnosed on the basis of abnormal coagulation parameters, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive protein level. In this review, the potential mechanism and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on the development of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients were carefully studied. study, in which most non-survivor COVID-19 patients' (71.4%) blood tests showed prolonged prothrombin time and an increased D-dimer levels, which indicated the state after activation of the plasma coagulation system [14] . The accumulation of immune cells in the vascular wall in response to the viral infection, especially among patients with ischemic risk factors, induces endothelial dysfunction, migration and proliferation of cells, activation of coagulation cascade and production of fibrous plaques. cache = ./cache/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252694-36ijqwge author = Heidinger, Benedikt H. title = Radiologische Manifestationen von Lungenerkrankungen bei COVID-19 date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2948 sentences = 368 flesch = 39 summary = Der Referenzstandard für die Diagnose von COVID-19 ist eine positive "reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction" (RT-PCR) eines Nasen-/ Rachenabstriches oder einer Probe tiefen Bronchialsekrets [4] . Mehrere medizinische und radiologische Fachgesellschaften haben Empfehlungen für die Anwendung der verschiedenen Bildgebungsmodalitäten bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf oder bereits nachgewiesener SARS-CoV-2 publiziert [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . Sollten sich COVID-19-typische Lungenveränderungen als Zufallsbefund bei respiratorisch asymptomatischen Patienten zeigen, ist eine Bestätigung der Diagnose mittels RT-PCR notwendig [7, 8] . Im Thoraxröntgen untypisch für COVID-19 sind Kavitationen und Pleuraergüsse, die hinweisend auf Komplikationen oder andere Diagnosen wie beispielswei-se eine kardiale Dekompensation sein können [19] . Besteht jedoch eine hohe klinische Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für COVID-19, beispielsweise bei typischen klinischen Symptomen und bekanntem Kontakt zu einer SARS-CoV2-positiven Person oder einer hohen Erkrankungsprävalenz in der Bevölkerung, sind diese jedoch als wahrscheinlich für das Vorliegen einer COVID-19-Pneumonie zu werten. cache = ./cache/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252771-6kwfulqe author = Yue, Jing-Li title = Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7935 sentences = 412 flesch = 41 summary = Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Specifically, mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists were deployed to provide psychological counseling and support for vulnerable populations (e.g. frontline healthcare workers, confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 cases and their families) in China and for people in quarantine in South Korea. For example, group-based CBT (Waterman et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2019) , PFA, PTL (Decosimo et al., 2019) , culturally adapted interventions such as SMART (Ng et al., 2006) , ultra-brief psychological interventions (Ping et al., 2020) and peer supports (Rastegar Kazerooni et al., 2020) have been reported to effectively mitigate the emotional impacts of COVID-19, EVD, and SARS outbreaks. Culturally-adapted and cost-effective mental health emergency systems based on evidence-based intervention methods integrated into public health emergency responses at the national and global levels are recommended to reduce the psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, especially for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252799-p2ulrnsi author = Ying-Ying Wong, Ashley title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 108 flesch = 55 summary = The local professional football leagues, governed by the Hong Kong Football Association, ultimately postponed all matches after much deliberation on the transmission risk for the spectators and on-field players. We performed a laboratory study to investigate the physiological effect of wearing a facemask during simulated hiking and found that it significantly elevated heart rate and perceived exertion. 1 The highly transmittable viral infection is caused by the virus 39 known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), which genomic 40 analysis revealed that it is genetically related to the SARS outbreak 2 that infected 8098 individuals The final impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise cannot be determined at this 257 stage, however, the information that we gathered may provide valuable guidance to athletes and governing committees to move forward safely. cache = ./cache/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252725-e3pazjdi author = Khalil, Ayman title = The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8759 sentences = 338 flesch = 30 summary = In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Actually, data indicated that activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor (NF-κB) signaling pathway represents a major contribution to the inflammation induced post SARS-CoV infection and that NF-κB inhibitors are promising antiviral drugs against infections caused by the virus and potentially other pathogenic human coronaviruses [8] . Moreover, it was found to reduce the reactive oxygenated species (ROS) produced during viral infection and subsequently decrease pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 [25] and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [35] , indicating that it has clear antiviral effects on several respiratory and common cold viruses through its ability to reduce virus imputation, replication and viral load in vitro, as well as lung inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness in vivo [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author = Ciotti, Marco title = COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3558 sentences = 186 flesch = 50 summary = Inoculation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from patients with pneumonia of unknown origin into human airway epithelial cells and Vero E6 and Huh7 cell lines led to the isolation of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCov [1] . As soon as on January 7, 2020, the Chinese health authorities had declared that a novel coronavirus was responsible for this outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, a European network of academic and public laboratories designed an rRT-PCR protocol based on the comparison and alignment of previously available SARS-CoV and bat-related coronavirus genome sequences as well as five sequences derived from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 made available by the Chinese authorities [23] . Regarding the sites under positive selective pressure found on the Spike glycoprotein, the results have shown that amino acid position 536 in COVID-19 has an Asn residue, while the Bat SARS-like coronavirus has a Gln 4 DOI: 10.1159/000507423 residue; the SARS virus, instead, has an Asp residue. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed that the novel coronavirus responsible for the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252818-1gms4zw3 author = Bouayed, Jaouad title = Behavioural manipulation ‐ key to the successful global spread of the new Coronavirus SARS‐Cov‐2? date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2492 sentences = 131 flesch = 46 summary = The very rapid global spread has raised the issue whether there are further multi‐dimensional consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on human behaviour, the key of its transmission. In this perspective, we highlight the possibility that COVID‐19 is facilitated by altered human social behaviour that benefits SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, through showcasing similar virus‐induced changed behaviour by other pathogens and relating this to reports from the grey literature. Interestingly, it was also estimated that 10% of the cases are super-spreaders, resulting in 80% of viral spread, meaning that the majority of SARS-CoV-2 carriers do not appear to unaccountably transmit the virus. In this perspective, we highlighted the possibility that COVID-19 is facilitated by altered human social behaviour that benefits SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Figure 1 ). The scheme highlights the potential manipulative strategy of the novel coronavirus, resulting in viral spread, following an altered behavioural pattern in some COVID-19 patients, as a consequence of a direct impact on brain structure/function, owing to viral infiltration into the CNS, and/or via perturbation of the brain-immune axis or the gut-brain axis. cache = ./cache/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252783-iw3hgkpj author = Risch, Harvey A title = Response to: Comment on “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis” date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 337 sentences = 22 flesch = 54 summary = title: Response to: Comment on "Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis" However, the tested Marseille subjects were all self-referred individuals, many from lower socioeconomic strata or recent immigrants, mostly with disease symptoms or known to have had exposure to people with symptoms, and their 152/1,061=14% "conventional unit" hospitalization suggests that at least this number would have been at high risk. Early outpatient treatment of symptomatic, high-risk Covid-19 patients that should be ramped-up immediately as key to the pandemic crisis Early outpatient treatment of symptomatic, high-risk Covid-19 patients that should be ramped-up immediately as key to the pandemic crisis Early treatment of 1061 COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: a retrospective analysis cache = ./cache/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252795-x66zqmgv author = Islam, Md. Akhtarul title = Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4011 sentences = 214 flesch = 47 summary = title: Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey Following the detection of first COVID-19 case on March 8, 2020 [6] , Bangladesh like many other countries put the lockdown strategy into effect on March 26, 2020 , to ensure 'social distance' through 'home quarantine' to curb the 'spread' among its population [7] [8] [9] , since a precise treatment or vaccine for the infected and people at risk are yet to achieved by the global health community [10, 11] . The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is creating a psycho-emotional chaotic situation as countries have been reporting a sharp rise of mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, stress, sleep disorder as well as fear, among its citizens [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] , that eventually increased the substance use [15] and sometimes suicidal behavior [20] [21] [22] . Researchers in China observed that the greater exposure to 'misinformation' through social media are more likely contributing to the development of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems among its population of different socioeconomic background [23] [24] [25] [26] . cache = ./cache/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252843-vd81pftu author = Doherty, Tanya title = Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2001 sentences = 106 flesch = 45 summary = Governments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) followed the approaches adopted by the Global North and advocated by international bodies such as the WHO, and instituted varying degrees of nationwide stay at home orders (lockdowns) from strict restrictions (such as in South Africa, India and Zimbabwe) to weakly enforced lockdown as in Brazil. ► Investing in community cadres and organisations has the potential to build social solidarity, mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and strengthen intersectoral collaboration and safety nets for future crises. While LMIC governments have focussed almost exclusively on reducing COVID-19 case numbers, many communities organised themselves with 'ground-up' mitigation measures to address the worsening unintended effects. The intense lockdown periods and burden of COVID-19-related illness have revealed the inadequacies of strained, under-resourced public health facilities, and in some instances inept LMIC governments' responses to crises; and the critical role of resilient, mobilised community structures. cache = ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252800-cz4mb3wx author = Smith, Timothy L. title = COVID‐19 – Looking beyond the immediate concerns date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 639 sentences = 58 flesch = 65 summary = Most of our collective time during the past week has been spent in urgent, and perhaps late, preparation to care for the escalating pandemic and its fallout. I recognize that my first editorial as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal-one I had already penned in the previous weeks-will no longer fit the times. Will we yet be considering the potential impact of the next wave? Beyond the immediate concerns for humanity, our patients, our loved ones and ourselves, we have an entirely novel set of future issues to process. Even after the pandemic comes under control, we will need to continue to prioritize operating theater time equitably to those with the most severe and urgent disease processes. The impact of the pandemic on our trainees is concerning. Fair allocation of scarce resources in the time of Covid-19 Reflections and New Developments within the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252784-wfsq0u9o author = Favot, Mark title = Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Detecting Severe Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4100 sentences = 180 flesch = 42 summary = Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) has been suggested as a useful diagnostic modality in these patients (4) as it limits www.ccejournal.org 2020 • Volume 2 • e0176 COVID-19 exposure of ancillary staff, minimizes travel within the hospital for patients, can be performed at the bedside within minutes, and has been shown to be diagnostically superior to CXR in critically ill patients with other respiratory complaints (5) . LUS patterns for detecting COVID-19 have been suggested (4, 6) based on ultrasound (US) theory, case reports, and extrapolation from CT findings; however, diagnostic performance data in an observational analytical study are lacking (6) . Based on prior reports of LUS findings suggestive of COVID-19 lung disease (4-6), LUS images were coded by a blinded US fellowship-trained observer for the presence of nonconfluent and confluent B-lines (based on the same methodology used in the B-lines lung ultrasound-guided emergency department management of acute heart failure (BLUSHED-AHF) study above [7] ), subpleural consolidations, and pleural effusions. cache = ./cache/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252903-pg0l92zb author = Abueg, M. title = Modeling the combined effect of digital exposure notification and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington state date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7326 sentences = 333 flesch = 42 summary = In this work, we use individual-based computational models to explore how digital exposure notifications can be used in conjunction with non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as traditional contact tracing and social distancing, to influence COVID-19 disease spread in a population. We use data at the county level to match the population, demographic, and occupational structure of the region, and calibrate the model with epidemiological data from Washington state and Google's Community Mobility Reports for a time-varying infection rate ( 21 ) . Estimated total infected percentage, total deaths, and peak hospitalized under a 50% reopening scenario (an increase of 50% of the difference between pre-lockdown and post-lockdown network interactions) at various exposure notification adoption rates for King, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties, assuming no change to social distancing after the (t) β baseline and 15 manual contact tracers per 100k people. cache = ./cache/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252833-0lb60y12 author = Rusch, Valerie W. title = The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2420 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = infections escalated exponentially across many areas of the US, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Surgeon General and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommended that hospitals and surgeons postpone non-urgent operations in order to provide care to COVID-19 patients. One of the first and most important ACS initiatives was the creation of guidelines for the selection of patients needing urgent operations (including some cancer procedures) during the immediate, temporary suspension of non-urgent surgery. Modeled on experience in South Texas and Washington state, the COT developed a guidance document for setting up a regional medical operations center and worked closely with the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Healthcare Resilience Task Force to promote this approach and identify potential sources for funding. 23 Conclusions Through an intensive and cohesive group effort by ACS staff, leadership and Fellows, the College has successfully managed the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and supported its members in continuing to provide high quality patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252991-gvlyn6j7 author = Silva, V. O. title = PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 IN PROFESSIONALS OF A PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY AT SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4148 sentences = 277 flesch = 57 summary = To evaluate previous exposure to the virus we estimated the prevalence of antibodies against-SARS-CoV-2 among HPs in Adolfo Lutz Institute, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We used a lateral flow immunoassay (rapid test) to detect IgG and IgM for SARS-CoV-2; positive samples were further evaluated using Roche Electrochemiluminescence assay and SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also offered to participants. . https://doi.org/10.1101 Professionals from laboratory areas were 25% while workers who had no direct contact with patients (administrative areas, security and cleaning staff) had a higher infection rate, especially in the areas of logistics (Faíco-Filho, et al., 2020) In our study, we chose to use a rapid test for preliminary results, despite the its reported performance (Sensitivity: 86, 43% [95% CI: 82, 51%~89, 58%] and Specificity: 99, 57% [95% CI: 97, 63%~99,92%]).. cache = ./cache/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252998-8ynk9k8r author = Getaneh, Y. title = Global lessons and Potential strategies in combating COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia:Systematic Review date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3782 sentences = 199 flesch = 49 summary = The most common global COVID-19 mitigation strategies include; whole of government approach including individual, community and environmental measures, detecting and isolating cases, contact tracing and quarantine, social and physical distancing measures including for mass gatherings and international travel measures. Conclusion: While recommendations may change depending on the level of outbreak, we conclude that in Most countries have benefited from early interventions and in setups like Africa including Ethiopia where health system capability is limited, community engagement supported by local evidence with strict implementation of social and physical distancing measures is mandatory. Furthermore, based on experience, proper precautionary measures to prevent nosocomial transmission of the virus is mandatory; the majority of patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV-2 had become infected in health care settings. Isolation , quarantine , social distancing and community containment : pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV ) outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253201-r6vsa0pw author = Nazari, S. title = Central Nervous System Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3950 sentences = 281 flesch = 49 summary = Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. Based on the results shown in (Table 3 and The highest incidence rate among CNS symptoms of COVID-19 patients was for headache (8.69% with 95% CI: 6.76%-10.82%), followed by Dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%-8.22%), and Impaired consciousness (1.9% with 95% CI: 1%-2.79%). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20158691 doi: medRxiv preprint CNS: Central nervous system; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; PHEIC: Public health emergency of international concern; WHO: World health organization; PRISMA: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; PNS: Peripheral nervous system; BBB: Blood brain barrier; ACE2: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253196-et1ekgdl author = Yazdany, Jinoos title = Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1330 sentences = 70 flesch = 45 summary = Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1) (2) (3) . Here, we try to provide guidance regarding clinical decision making both for patients with COVID-19 and those with immune-mediated conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strategies to mitigate further harm to these patients. At this time of crisis, it is our ethical obligation as physicians and researchers to organize and refer patients to expedited, well-performed randomized trials that can clarify if, when, and for whom antimalarial medications are helpful in COVID-19. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252930-yfxst8bo author = Silingardi, Roberto title = Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 295 sentences = 33 flesch = 60 summary = key: cord-252930-yfxst8bo title: Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? cord_uid: yfxst8bo Recently, Bellosta 1 demonstrated a significant higher incidence of acute limb ischemia (ALI) 4 in COVID-19 patients. increased thrombo-embolic complications in COVID-19 patients have been reported, even in 7 those receiving anticoagulant therapy and either in non-atherosclerotic. 1-3 More than 27.000 8 COVID-19 cases were registered in our region (Emilia-Romagna). As tertiary COVID center we 10 did not observed ALI in such patients. 1 11 provide care in the Italian region with the higher incidence of COVID-19 (Lombardia). Indeed, the AFT may be a more common source of ALI in COVID-19? Acute limb 2 ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Acute limb ischaemia in two 5 young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 17 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis cache = ./cache/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252914-51wvis1d author = Gaffney, Brian title = The impact of COVID-19 on clinical education of internal medicine trainees date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1194 sentences = 58 flesch = 39 summary = Prior to the pandemic, an average of 30 patients in a 24-h period were referred for assessment and potential admission by general internal medicine in the authors' institution. The change in the assessment-to-admission ratio potentially reflects the above-mentioned pressures upon primary care providers during this time and the increased sensitivity required of triage processes to capture milder COVID-19 presentations during then-widespread community transmission. Moreover, during this time, each ward was assigned multiple senior decision-makers to improve patient flow through the hospital, thus reducing independence of the medical trainees as key decision-makers. In tandem with the increased burden on acute care services in the authors' institution, outpatient clinics were scaled back due to redeployed staff/physical distancing/infection control constraints, and virtual telephone reviews replaced in-person patient visits. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted significantly on medical training, and this is likely reflected across the world in internal medicine and other speciality training programmes. cache = ./cache/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252933-bu4oihem author = Xu, Jieqing Jessica title = Renal Infarct in a COVID‐19 Positive Kidney‐Pancreas Transplant Recipient date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1391 sentences = 93 flesch = 38 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the extent and duration of this hypercoagulable state remains unknown. We describe the first case report of renal allograft infarction in a 46‐year‐old kidney‐pancreas transplant recipient with no prior history of thromboembolism, who presented 26 days after diagnosis of COVID‐19. Since we are the first to report this complication, further investigation is required before making recommendations for thromboembolic prophylaxis in all solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. In summary, we present the case of a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient with moderate to severe COVID-19 complicated by late kidney allograft segmental infarction. This is the first case of a thromboembolic event in a SARS-CoV-2 positive solid organ recipient. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe CoVID-19 patients Case report of CoVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252870-52fjx7s4 author = Xie, Kefan title = The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6275 sentences = 333 flesch = 42 summary = Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual's perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people's social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. cache = ./cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252965-30pl5tx3 author = Stutt, Richard O. J. H. title = A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8015 sentences = 341 flesch = 48 summary = The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus species severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 [1] , has stimulated considerable controversy over the potential benefits of facemask use by the public and the timing of the initiation and termination of 'lock-down' periods. The currently available control measures to combat SARS-Cov-2, therefore, include: physical distancing, population lock-down periods, good sanitation/hand washing/surface disinfecting, good ventilation, facemask and visor protection, as well as diagnostics followed by contact tracing and quarantine of infected and exposed individuals. We use two complementary modelling approaches to test the effectiveness of facemask wearing by sections of the population in reducing the transmission rate of SARS-Cov-2 and hence in reducing the effective reproduction number, R e (the expected number of new cases caused by a single infectious individual at a given point in the epidemic). cache = ./cache/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253162-lebgynsz author = Chang, Tsai-Yu title = Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3763 sentences = 220 flesch = 58 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of three online symposiums, dental educators from different countries were invited to give presentation and discussion regarding to the information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the pandemic. Dental educators from different countries were invited to attend online symposiums with ZOOM software (Zoom Video Communications Inc., San Jose, California, USA) and give presentations regarding their information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own countries. Eight scholars from The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Loma Linda University, USA; International Medical University, Malaysia; National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Tohoku University, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; and Columbia University, USA were invited to present the current situation of dental education during the pandemic in each own country. cache = ./cache/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253124-s3pa4n8a author = Dhamad, Ahmed E. title = COVID-19: molecular and serological detection methods date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3370 sentences = 188 flesch = 50 summary = Since COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization in early 2020, many countries, organizations and companies have tried to find the best way to diagnose the virus and contain its spreading. And the top keywords that searched were: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, genomic RNA, protein structure, ACE2, transmission, symptoms, molecular detection methods, serological detection methods, rRT-PCR, ID NOW COVID-19, isothermal amplification, CRISPR, SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR, LAMP, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), Lateral flow assay (LFA) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this method (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR), the RNA virus is extracted from a specimen and designated regions of N2, E, RP genes are amplified at 62 C for 20 min by specific primes through Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) approach Lamb et al., 2020; Hong et al., 2004) . Unlike molecular methods, serological methods (also called antibody tests) can be applied to detect past and current SARS-CoV-2 infection and monitor the progress of the disease periods and immune response. cache = ./cache/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253367-n6c07x9q author = Ussai, Silvia title = Hazard Prevention, Death and Dignity During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1849 sentences = 100 flesch = 53 summary = This, in contrast with Ebola or Marburg diseases, where dead bodies are known to be associated with contagion; (2) the option for decedents with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 to be buried or cremated; (3) respect of customs, with family's chance to view the body after it has been prepared for burials, using standard precautions at all times including hand hygiene; (4) body wrapping in cloth and deceased transfer as soon as possible to the mortuary area. 648 (2) , establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. 648 (2) , establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. During the emergency phase, Italy banned burial procedures based (i) on the recent acknowledgment about the virus environmental stability (4) as well as (ii) its national civil contingency plan. cache = ./cache/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253238-ptmxkpae author = Kopel, Jonathan title = Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4148 sentences = 208 flesch = 45 summary = Furthermore, testing stool after a patient has been infected with COVID-19 may be necessary to monitor any GI complications, and the potential for fecal-oral transmission after respiratory symptoms has resolved. Despite the limited information on COVID-19 and its GI symptoms, information from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV provides some insights on the symptoms and disease severity from other CoVs. The MERS-CoV has shown to infect human primary intestinal epithelial cells, small intestine It is also found to transmit via the fecal-oral route [35] . Physicians should monitor for GI symptoms in COVID-19-infected patients and examine whether the virus continues to remain in their stools after their respiratory symptoms have resolved. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253170-mjy4culg author = Parra-Lara, Luis Gabriel title = Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1330 sentences = 77 flesch = 49 summary = • Due to its mechanism of action and various anti-inflammatory effects, azithromycin is a promising medicine for the treatment of the coronavirus COVID-19. In combination with hydroxychloroquine, it was recently shown that azithromycin inhibits the replication of the coronavirus COVID-19, in an open-label clinical trial conducted in France (5) . The group of patients who received hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy had significantly higher viral loads than those who received the combined therapy with azithromycin, so the true adjuvant efficacy of this drug may be overestimated in the virus eradication rates. However, the mechanism by which the combination of a macrolide with hydroxychloroquine stops the production of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains unknown, and to date no in vitro studies have been reported with results in this regard. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253208-wknht58z author = Wang, Xue title = Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3957 sentences = 203 flesch = 54 summary = title: Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre The current study aims to explore whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. In view of the small number of deaths (n = 12) in the current study, NLR of 2.306 might have potential value for helping clinicians to identify patients with severe COVID-19, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 56.7% (AUC: 0.729, 95% CI 0.563–0.892; P = 0.063). In the current study, the investigators aimed to determine whether the PLR can serve as a valuable predictor of in-hospital mortality, and the value of NLR for predicting the all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study suggests that the elevated NLR is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, while PLR was not associated with this. cache = ./cache/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253393-3y5bb8f0 author = Clarke, Mattea title = Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2861 sentences = 145 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: The IPS National Infection Control Team, in collaboration with the National Quality Improvement (QI) team and Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland, implemented a programme to develop and train in-prison contact tracing teams (CTTs). Within the IPS, contact tracing is commenced for all confirmed and highly probable cases of COVID-19 amongst both detainees and prison sta (see Box 1 for case definitions). 7 Furthermore, the absence of any confirmed cases of COVID-19 amongst detainees in the IPS means that it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the e ectiveness of this contact tracing approach in preventing transmission or outbreaks within the prison estate in Ireland. Every country is likely to need to implement a range of measures to prevent and control outbreaks of COVID-19 in PPDs. A partnership approach involving community public health expertise, QI input and support and prison resources can provide an e ective mechanism for contact tracing of COVID-19 cases within the vulnerable prison setting. cache = ./cache/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253250-zet48zcl author = Thaden, J.T. title = When two for the price of one isn’t a bargain: Estimating prevalence and microbiology of bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 873 sentences = 40 flesch = 32 summary = Similarly, in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, multiple studies have demonstrated rates of superimposed bacterial pneumonia in excess of 30%, and this has been associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (3) . The overall low prevalence of bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 was similar as that noted in another recent meta-analysis (7%) (5) and rapid review (8%) (6) of the literature, though there is significant overlap in the studies included in these reviews. Despite the lower prevalence of bacterial co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to other viral respiratory pathogens, many patients with COVID-19 (71%) were treated with antibiotics. Yet while the available data is limited, the emerging picture is one of lower bacterial co-infection rates in patients with COVID-19 relative to pandemic influenza. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253054-qipyqtsi author = Kokkoris, Michail D. title = Would You Sacrifice Your Privacy to Protect Public Health? Prosocial Responsibility in a Pandemic Paves the Way for Digital Surveillance date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4873 sentences = 222 flesch = 47 summary = Second, going beyond prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility also predicted willingness to accept restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as well as to accept digital surveillance for the sake of public health. Second, going beyond prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility also predicted willingness to accept restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as well as to accept digital surveillance for the sake of public health. Specifically, we examined whether prosocial responsibility predicts on the one hand compliance with self-isolation and self-distancing measures, as prior literature suggests, and on the other hand acceptance of digital surveillance and restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as we propose. Inspection of correlation coefficients indicates that prosocial responsibility was positively correlated with compliance with measures to fight COVID-19, r = 0.50, p < 0.001; willingness to sacrifice privacy, r = 0.46, p < 0.001; past surveillance acceptance, r = 0.11, p = 0.059; willingness to accept surveillance, r = 0.41, p < 0.001; and prioritizing public health over individual freedoms when a trade-off between the two is inevitable, r = 0.57, p < 0.001. cache = ./cache/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253079-aohqinlo author = Cannizzaro, Renato title = Covid-19 and cancer patients: Choosing wisely is the key date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 805 sentences = 45 flesch = 55 summary = Since December 2019, after the initial outbreak of the Covid-19 infectious disease in Wuhan in the Chinese province of Hubei, there has been an increasing spread of the severe adult respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus worldwide and on 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) decreed a pandemic state. What is clear to the clinical community of oncologists, while recognizing the differences between the different contexts, is that cancer centers must limit the risks for patients and healthcare professionals. In this issue of Digestive and Liver Disease, Di Fiore et al report some management strategies proposed by the main French scientific societies of oncological gastroenterology to limit the risks for patients with digestive cancers [6] . SARS-CoV-2 transmission in patients with cancer at a tertiary care hospital in Wuhan, China Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer cache = ./cache/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253343-3dmuxts5 author = Zhang, Ruochi title = COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4078 sentences = 247 flesch = 56 summary = title: COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images A two-step transfer learning model (COVID19XrayNet) was proposed to provide a candidate solution for training an accurate neural network model using the existing small dataset of COVID-19 X-ray images. Firstly, a pre-trained deep residual network (DRN) model ResNet34 was fine-tuned on a large dataset of pneumonia chest X-ray images. The pre-trained model ResNet34 may be used to detect COVID-19 patients based on the chest X-ray images through fine-tuning on a small dataset of COVID-19 images. This study transferred the pre-trained ResNet34 model to the COVID-19 detection problem based on the chest X-ray images. In the first step of our pipeline, the pre-trained model ResNet34 was transferred to the dataset dsPneumonia and the proposed framework COVID19XrayNet(2) was utilized to tune the parameters of the internal layers. cache = ./cache/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253077-61fmul8c author = Vabret, Nicolas title = Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20227 sentences = 1120 flesch = 45 summary = Lastly, Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies and patient data on SARS-CoV-1 have also shown that virus spike-specific IgG responses can exacerbate acute lung injury due to repolarization of alveolar macrophages into pro-inflammatory phenotypes and enhanced recruitment of inflammatory monocyte via CCL2 and IL-8 (Clay et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2019) . Collectively, these data suggest that cross-talk with monocytes might impair NK cell recognition and killing of SARS-CoV-2infected cells, and antibodies targeting IL-6 and TNF-signaling may benefit enhanced NK cell functions in COVID-19 patients ( Figure 2 ). However, these CD4 T cells lacked phenotypic markers of activation and were specific for C-terminal S protein epitopes that are highly similar to endemic human coronaviruses, suggesting that crossreactive CD4 memory T cells in some populations (e.g., children and younger patients that experience a higher incidence of hCoV infections) may be recruited into an amplified primary SARS-CoV-2-specific response (Braun et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253214-ypt2s8ek author = Choudhary, Bharat title = Management Concern for Non-COVID Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 404 sentences = 28 flesch = 60 summary = Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has released guidelines for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing in India and has been updating it frequently. The current version (April 9, 2020) [1] focusses on symptoms of COVID-19 infection and any epidemiological link (either foreign travel history, direct contact of COVID-19 patient, health worker or if patient coming from hot spot area) to maximize the sensitivity of the screening criteria. Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is one of the criteria in the ICMR COVID-19 screening guidelines and it includes the presence of fever and cough and/ or respiratory distress [1] , though certain additional symptoms have subsequently been added [2] . Moreover, respiratory problems are common in children, and many non-COVID-19 conditions could manifest as respiratory distress even in this COVID-19 pandemic. It may also lead to delay in management of non-COVID conditions, since many facilities are not available for children in common isolation area. cache = ./cache/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253256-909chgl0 author = Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title = Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4543 sentences = 238 flesch = 46 summary = In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. The need of the hour therefore is to update ourselves with clinicopathological spectrum of the deadly disease and provide evidence based medical services to all hospitalized cases with suspected Covid-19 infection. All the recommendations below have been influenced by the past experiences of corona virus outbreaks and desire improved measures for personal protection of health care workers and consequent prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection. Planning for anaesthesiaand surgery in covid-suspect cases Anaesthesiologists and intensivists are the soldiers at the final frontier of corona disaster as all patients landing up in the hospital with severe respiratory distress will be primarily seen under their domain. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient cache = ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253252-s8fm5rfa author = Jayaweera, Mahesh title = Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14098 sentences = 573 flesch = 45 summary = This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of viral-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. There have been myriads of hypotheses corroborating that certain threshold levels of humidity, temperature, sunlight, and ventilation will speed up the virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission, aggravating the spread of the SARS-CoV disease (Morawska, 2006) . Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the use of masks for the control of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosol transmission from an infected person to a susceptible host is uncertain and not fully conceivable. Researchers have speculated that both droplets and aerosols generated from non-violent and violent expirations of SARS-CoV-2-infected people may be responsible for the nonnosocomial and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253285-kskuz1ug author = Hage, René title = 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 190 sentences = 22 flesch = 46 summary = key: cord-253285-kskuz1ug title: 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 cord_uid: kskuz1ug Secondly, the inhibiting effect of CNIs on viral replication of other coronaviruses has been demonstrated in some studies. In vitro studies showed effectiveness of CsA in some coronaviruses 5, 6 . Tacrolimus has been suggested to be effective for disease caused by the MERS-CoV 7 . Why Choose Cyclosporin A as First-line Therapy in COVID-19 Pneumonia Biologic Therapy in COVID-19. Calcineurin inhibitors revisited: A new paradigm for COVID-19? The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 in Patients with Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review Suppression of coronavirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses Replication of human coronaviruses SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E is inhibited by the drug FK506 Human coronavirus NL63 replication is cyclophilin A-dependent and inhibited by non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A-derivatives including Alisporivir Clinical Trial to Evaluate Methylprednisolone Pulses and Tacrolimus in Patients With COVID-19 Lung Injury (TACROVID) cache = ./cache/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253345-r4dhmpq1 author = Khan, Muhammad Bilal title = A Systematic Review of Non-Contact Sensing for Developing a Platform to Contain COVID-19 date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8907 sentences = 543 flesch = 48 summary = This study proposes a non-contact sensing platform for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms and monitoring of the human activities and health during the isolation or quarantine period. (2) Propose a non-contact sensing platform for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms and the monitoring of human activities and health during the isolation or quarantine period. The rest of paper is organized as follows: Section 2 includes a literature review of the COVID-19 pandemic, the existing non-contact wireless sensing platforms and technology exploited, the monitoring of human activities and health, and the classification approach and accuracy achieved. A non-contact sensing method uses passive Doppler radar to capture human body movements to recognize respiration and other physical activities used for monitoring health. This research presents a comprehensive review on existing non-contact sensing of human activities and health monitoring that could be used for the development of a COVID-19 pandemic platform. cache = ./cache/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253431-fjds5cdr author = Erukainure, Ochuko L. title = Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae) date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6198 sentences = 344 flesch = 46 summary = title: Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. Ligand-protein interactions between viral protein (SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), the host receptor target (ACE2) and Harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside are presented in Figures 5-7 . Harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside displayed a good binding in complex with the host receptor target, initiation and termination sequence of the viral spike protein messenger RNA compared to all studied standard drugs with binding affinities of À7.5, À6.4 and 6.3 kcal mol À1 respectively (Table 5) . In the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 and the potentials of harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, a new iridoid glycoside isolated from C. At molecular level, the viral envelope spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor within the host are central to COVID-19 pathogenesis and response to therapeutic interventions among other biological factors . cache = ./cache/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253410-rdmopd4t author = Gorzkowski, Victor title = Evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2740 sentences = 164 flesch = 52 summary = The time from smell loss onset to survey was 26.8±8.2 days in patients with complete olfactory recovery and 25.3±7.1 days in those with incomplete olfactory recovery (p=0.37). The findings of the present study can be summarized as follows: i)about two thirds reported a sudden olfactory/gustatory impairment; ii)olfactory/gustatory disorders can be isolate or associated to other symptoms; iii)95% of patients recovered (incompletely to completely) their olfactory function at one month; iv)olfactory function was recovered between the 4 th and the 15 th day after the onset of olfactory loss in most patients; v)half of patients completely recovered their olfactory function at 4 weeks; and vi)short time from smell loss to the onset of olfactory recovery, absence of nasal obstruction, and absence of sore/dry/tingling feeling in the nose were significantly related to the chance for complete olfactory recovery. cache = ./cache/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253104-yggcf7q2 author = Usul, Eren title = The role of hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients in the emergency room date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3576 sentences = 198 flesch = 52 summary = Aim: In this study, the roles of biomarkers from a peripheral blood sample in the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients who have visited the emergency room have been evaluated. Materials & methods: Peripheral blood parameters, systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio were compared in patients with and without confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results: Comparisons made according to real-time PCR test results revealed that while no statistically significant difference was observed between test groups (negative-positive) regarding lymphocyte and platelet lymphocyte ratio values (p > 0.05), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the test groups regarding platelet, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, NLR and SII values. Since there was a statistically significant difference between negative and positive groups according to parameters (platelet, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, NLR and SII), they were then studied with ROC analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253264-vt2rei7e author = Hahad, Omar title = Bevölkerungsbezogene psychische Gesundheit als Schlüsselfaktor im Umgang mit COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1157 sentences = 139 flesch = 44 summary = In line with WHO recommendations, national guidelines and preventive measures should include the psychological consequences, the acceptance and normalization of fears and the promotion of resilience in the population in dealing with COVID-19 in order to counteract a further spread. Im Rahmen vergangener Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten (Ebola-und Zika-Virus) konnte ermittelt werden, dass maladaptive Verhaltensweisen, bedingt durch erhöhte psychische Belastungen und Ängste, die Implementierung von Behandlungsstrategien und -maßnahmen beeinträchtigen und zu einer stärkeren Ausbreitung beitragen können. Im Einklang mit Empfehlungen der WHO sollten nationale Leitlinien und präventive Maßnahmen die psychischen Auswirkungen, die Akzeptanz und Normalisierung von Ängsten und die Förderung von Resilienz in der Bevölkerung im Umgang mit COVID-19 umfassen, um einer weiteren Ausbreitung entgegenwirken zu können. Hierbei wurde gezeigt, dass maladaptive Verhaltensweisen bedingt durch erhöhte psychische Belastungen und Ängste die Implementierung von Behandlungsstrategien und -maßnahmen beeinträchtigen und zu einer stärkeren Ausbreitung beitragen. cache = ./cache/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253572-9qixiew8 author = Bennett, David title = Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner for the evaluation of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2273 sentences = 117 flesch = 47 summary = Our study confirms the possibilities of portable pocket-sized ultrasound imaging of the lung in COVID-19 patients. Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners are cheap, easy to handle and equivalent to standard scanners for non-invasive assessment of severity and dynamic observation of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities of a portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner in the evaluation of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities of a portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner in the evaluation of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In conclusion, our study confirms the possibilities of portable ultrasound imaging of the lung in COVID-19 patients. Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners are cheap, easy to handle and equivalent to standard scanners for non-invasive assessment of severity and dynamic observation of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253312-bf35afpj author = Unal, Gokhan title = Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1094 sentences = 58 flesch = 43 summary = Regarding the given immunomodulatory effects of valproic acid, it has been suggested that the drug might provide benefits for ARDS due to the exaggerated immune response related to COVID-19. Most of the clinicians have thought that specific antiviral treatment against COVID-19 is the best choice to struggle with the current outbreak, however, unfortunately, preclinical and clinical research takes a long time to identify effective and safe novel antiviral therapeutical candidates. This study consolidates the findings showing the antiviral activity of valproic acid and gives hope for its potential usage in the COVID-19 pandemic. In the current situation, in our opinion, it would be feasible to examine the potential usage of valproic acid, a drug that we have been using, and well known in the clinical practice for more than 60 years, against COVID-19 pandemic and related ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253556-p1y0zeo1 author = Rhodes, Scott D. title = A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US South date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5495 sentences = 275 flesch = 55 summary = Our community-based participatory research partnership collected and analyzed semi-structured interview data to understand the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV. Interventions are needed to ensure that PLWH have updated information and adhere to medication regimens, and to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on social isolation, economic stability, healthcare access, and other social determinants of health within this vulnerable population. Our long-standing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership sought to qualitatively explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within a racially/ethnically diverse sample of GBMSM living with HIV. Another participant commented, "I am working out less to avoid public settings." (P9, White, 23 years old) However, some participants reported positive changes they had made in their health behaviors as a result of staying home and other adaptations related to COVID-19 prevention. cache = ./cache/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253730-cdkzvfib author = Suzuki, Emily title = Assessment of the Need for Early Initiation of Rehabilitation Treatments in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3452 sentences = 188 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, including risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to evaluate the need for rehabilitation to prevent pulmonary embolism. The clinical characteristics and blood test results of patients with no history on admission of oral anticoagulant use were evaluated to assess the importance of inflammation and clotting function as risk factors for pulmonary embolism. 8) Because hypercoagulability and hyperinflammation have been reported in patients with COVID-19, we compared coagulability and inflammation by sex and the severity of COVID-19 to identify risk factors for PE that can be used to determine the necessity of early rehabilitation intervention to prevent PE. Considering the high risk of hospital-acquired infections and the worldwide shortage of medical resources, including not only PPE but also physicians, nurses, and rehabilitation therapists, it is understandable that the guidelines for physiotherapy do not recommend affirmative intervention for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253392-cws6uj3c author = Wang, Yali title = The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 861 sentences = 48 flesch = 44 summary = The NHCC-recommended traditional medicines have been clinically used or studied for several inflammation-related disease conditions other than viral infections, with the inflammation processes regulated by similar sets of regulators as COVID-19 (Supplementary Table S1 ). In-vitro and in-vivo studies have led to useful clues to certain common inflammation-regulatory mechanisms of these traditional medicines against COVID-19 [4] , viral infections [5] and other inflammation-related disease conditions (Supplementary Table S1 ). Despite the incomplete investigations, the multi-omics data analysis revealed the inflammation-promoting adverse effects by 5 of the 8 traditional medicines (Table 1) , consistent with the reported pneumonitis and lung injury in the patients of interstitial lung diseases given various kampo formulations [3] . The multi-omics data analysis also provides useful indications about whether the pros of these traditional medicines outweigh the cons for the patients of the inflammationrelated disease conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253704-y0t30xw3 author = Lahiri, Durjoy title = COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4348 sentences = 210 flesch = 40 summary = Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to mainly affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. In the present paper, we have reviewed the recently published or pre-print original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets in order to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Another report from China describes a case of acute myelitis, possibly affecting the cervical spinal cord, as evidenced by the clinical features, in a known patient of SARS-CoV-2 infection [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253552-qreg4emx author = Bouaziz, JD title = Vascular skin symptoms in COVID‐19: a french observational study date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 761 sentences = 49 flesch = 42 summary = Usual clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID‐19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2‐7). Usual clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID-19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2-7). Vascular skin lesions during COVID-19 infection have never been described to date. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253609-vi2fb43t author = Gopinathannair, Rakesh title = COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3198 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. To better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies employed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey of arrhythmia professionals. The major findings of this global survey include the following: (a) In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, EP professionals across the globe reported a wide variety of arrhythmic manifestations, with several reporting potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (sustained monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT/Torsade de Pointes, VT/VF arrest) as well as Fig. 3 Difference between US and non-US respondents regarding the percentage of hospitalized COVID-19 patients being treated with HCQ/chloroquine + azithromycin Fig. 2 Characteristics of bradyarrhythmias observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients pulseless electrical activity. cache = ./cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253746-15w4gquq author = Goldman, Michel title = Reflections on the Collaborative Fight Against COVID-19 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1633 sentences = 75 flesch = 41 summary = As therapeutic interventions in the early phase of the disease are attracting more and more interest, we argue that now is the time to involve patients' organizations in the design of clinical protocols in order to define the most relevant end-points and assess the risk-benefit balance of new therapies. In this editorial perspective, we argue that patients' voice will be essential to ensure uptake in the wider public of new therapies and vaccines resulting from these initiatives. Therefore, it is essential that trials are designed to include sufficient numbers of patients within the period of time during which the pandemic is expected to be active. Furthermore, patient reported outcomes are essential to assess the impact of therapeutic interventions on the long-term consequences of COVID-19 (13) . It is therefore important that patient organizations are involved early on in the design of clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253456-u9num2o9 author = Zhang, Che title = Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4540 sentences = 260 flesch = 49 summary = Suspected patients with clinical and/or radiological features of pneumonia were quarantined prior to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection according to WHO guidelines for cases with suspected infection [8] as well as the instructions from the Pediatric Branch of the Hubei Medical Association for pediatric cases [9] . Specifically, suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection should meet 1 of the following criteria [10] : (1) at least 1 clinical symptom, including fever, expectation, tachypnea, lethargy, poor feeding, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea; (2) chest radiologic abnormalities consistent with viral pneumonia. Patients were discharged when all the following criteria were met [10] : (1) fever had recovered for at least 3 days; (2) upper respiratory symptoms were alleviated; (3) the exudative lesion was alleviated significantly according to radiological evidence; (4) negative results were obtained for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in 2 consecutive tests performed with an interval of 24 hours. cache = ./cache/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253618-bosb7e63 author = Ramteke, Shobhana title = Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: considerations for the biomedical waste sector in India date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2732 sentences = 165 flesch = 53 summary = During this epidemic condition, expulsion of biomedical waste created from crisis facilities treating COVID-19 patients in like manner demands unprecedented thought as they can be potential bearers of the disease SARS-CoV-2. During December 2019, a novel Beta-coronavirus temporarily named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and along these lines authoritatively renamed extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), causing coronavirus ailment 2019 (or COVID19) , was related with a group of respiratory tract diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has quickly spread across main land's [3] . From that point forward, the whole world has been found napping by the clueless increment in the number of new cases because of the exponential increment in the pace of transmission of 2019-nCoV, presently formally alluded to as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the causative operator of COVID-19 [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253777-h8wy0coq author = Afshar, Hale title = Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical – Paraclinical follow up study of a case date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1560 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = We report a para-infectious encephalitis patient with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings during evolution and convalescence phase of coronavirus infection. Herein we report a case with clinical (including respiratory and neurological), laboratory, chest Computed Tomography and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (B-MRI) findings during evolution and convalescence phase which can illuminate the natural history of similar cases. These results led to the diagnosis of para-infectious encephalitis associated with COVID-19 and treatment with IVIg continued to a total dosage of 3g/kg of body weight (250g total) which resulted in considerable improvement in consciousness, but discontinued because of headaches (day 28). Our patient before diagnosis of neurologic involvement had received IVIg (25 g/day for three days) as a part of treatment for COVID-19 severe pulmonary involvement; and after the CNS lesions were established, it was reinstituted and due to very good clinical and radiological response, we decided to continue IVIg therapy until complete recovery, unless there is a complication. cache = ./cache/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253735-0wi67tuw author = Niu, Shengmei title = Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2925 sentences = 142 flesch = 55 summary = A confirmed case was defined as a suspected cases with the laboratory test for the 2019-nCoV virus from the respiratory specimens show positive result by means of real-time reverse-transcriptionpolymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, while a suspected case was defined as a case that fulfilled both the following criteria: clinical have fever, radiographic evidence of pneumonia, low or normal white-cell count or low lymphocyte count; and the epidemic history have a travel to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan who have fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days before illness according to the new coronavirus pneumonial diagnosis and treatment program (3id ed.) which were published by the National Health Commission of China. We collected the data on the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory tests, diagnosis types, cluster cases and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients, and categorized into three groups and compared the difference between middle aged 50-64years, aged 65-79 years and older than 80 years. cache = ./cache/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253898-ajo60spn author = Chirico, Francesco title = “Questionable” peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 643 sentences = 38 flesch = 44 summary = title: "Questionable" peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders High-impact journals and publishers have established open-access platforms where researchers can publish reports of innovative responses to COVID-19, along with a range of opinion papers on policy and strategy relevant to the pandemic (3). Moreover, a group of publishers and scholarly communication organizations created a reviewer pool, supported by the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association to "maximize the efficiency of peer review, ensuring that key work related to COVID-19 is reviewed and published as quickly and openly as possible" (4). In this scenario with many ethical challenges, scientific progress could be hampered, allowing predatory journals and scholars to exploit open access and possibly compromise public health and academic integrity. Governments should not just base their decisions related to Chirico et al: "Questionable" peer review during the time of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253853-jocwiafy author = Ahmed, Naseer title = Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3434 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months 'Feb-March' 2020. 11 Health care professionals (HCP) including nurses, doctors, intensivist, paramedics, dentist and other hospital staff are playing a critical role throughout the world in combating, preventing and managing patients affected by However multiple reports of infection and fatalities of HCPs have surfaced in the last few weeks, which are of grave concern. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice towards COVID-19 infection and disease among health care professionals (doctors, dentist, nurses, assistants, technicians and paramedics). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the trends in knowledge, awareness and practices amongst health care professionals towards COVID-19 disease control during the outbreak in 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253800-cdyiwru9 author = Eshraghi, Adrien A. title = Potential Mechanisms for COVID-19 Induced Anosmia and Dysgeusia date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2501 sentences = 116 flesch = 45 summary = While fever, cough, and dyspnea are common symptoms, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) are increasingly reported in asymptomatic individuals that later test positive for COVID-19. In addition, anosmia and dysgeusia also present in cases of head trauma and as rare side effects of common medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and intranasal zinc (Malaty and Malaty, 2013; Schofield and Doty, 2019) . There is also a possibility that stem and other cells of taste buds express COVID-19 receptors leading to direct infection, cell death, and gustatory dysfunction (Xu et al., 2020) . Thus, objective measurements of dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients are urgently needed to validate and quantify this association.Gustatory function can be evaluated using a validated test where patients rate taste intensity of standardized salty, sweet, sour, and bitter solutions on a scorecard (Landis et al., 2009; Doty, 2018; Vaira et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253665-1dn3ek34 author = Vishnubalaji, Radhakrishnan title = Protein Coding and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcriptional Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Highlight a Role for Interferon and Inflammatory Response date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5427 sentences = 301 flesch = 42 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Phenomenal changes in ncRNA expression are also seen within host cells, which can play a major role in respiratory virus pathogenesis, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibiting higher tissue specificity than coding genes [30] . Disease and function analysis on the differentially expressed genes revealed the most significant enrichment in pathways related to reactive oxygen species, induction of apoptosis and necrosis, as well as activation of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infected NHBE cells (Figure 3a,b) . The top ten activated upstream regulator networks (CST5, IFNG, IFNL1, IFNA2, SPI1, RNY3, PRL, TGM2 , miR-122 and miR-122-5p) in lung tissue derived from COVID-19 patient based on transcriptome and IPA analyses, revealed the enrichment of functions related to immune system associated JAK-STAT cascade, type 1 interferon receptor binding, cytokine receptor binding, and MHC 1 biosynthesis (Figure 6a and Supplementary Table S10 ). cache = ./cache/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253833-0lajhqn5 author = Misra-Hebert, Anita D title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system. date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2860 sentences = 133 flesch = 50 summary = [7] [8] [9] 11 A recent prospective study in the United Kingdom and US suggested a ve-fold increased risk for HCW caring for patients with COVID-19 compared to HCW not caring for patients with COVID-19, even with the use of PPE 12 while another study of HCW in a large healthcare system showed a decrease in positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 associated with a universal masking recommendation. In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identi ed as patient-facing had a signi cantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author = Alsaied, Tarek title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 339 flesch = 49 summary = Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. 4-Cardiac care team members are at risk for acquiring COVID-19 and may play a role in spreading the disease between patients and in the society at large. It is important to know that 3.8% of the cases reported from China were of healthcare team members suggesting that health care providers are at a significantly increased risk of contracting COVID-19 11, 83 . cache = ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253693-xdmgvj4p author = Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. title = How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10017 sentences = 533 flesch = 57 summary = In essence, this paper examines the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility connectedness among oil, gold, and financial (stock, bitcoin and exchange rate) markets. Here, we examine the causal effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic (proxied by the equity market volatility due to infectious diseases and the growth rate of the U.S. COVID-19 reported cases) on the connectedness across the oil, gold, bitcoin, stock and USD (measured through the volatility spillover series). The data obtained for analysis in this study are the various financial and commodity markets series including dollar exchange rate, prices of gold, crude oil, S&P 500 stock and bitcoin, and the COVID-19 proxies which are the equity market volatility due to infectious diseases index and the U.S. COVID-19 reported cases. Thus, the thrust of this paper is to examine the causal effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the connectedness among the globally traded commodity and financial assets (oil, gold, stock, bitcoin and dollar-euro exchange rate). cache = ./cache/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253648-n13sgorb author = Zhang, C. title = The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8091 sentences = 526 flesch = 51 summary = Moreover, a large-scale satellite data was combined with these data with a regression analysis model to explore effects of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 spreading, as well as the possible transmission risk due to temperature change driven by seasonal cycles. By explicitly controlling for socialeconomics variables and government interventions, we found that every degree Celsius increase in daily average temperature of 6-day lag results in a 2.88% decrease in new daily cases fraction (supplementary Table S2 ) and a 0.1 percent point decrease in R0 (supplementary Table S3 ). There are a number of obvious confounding factors (e.g., active case fraction, economic development, population concentration 25 , age structure 26 , geographic conditions 27 , and government intervention 18 ) that affect the transmission of an epidemic, so they should be controlled in the regression analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253714-v02fs28k author = Bukhari, Syed Usama Khalid title = The diagnostic evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the assessment of chest X-ray of patients infected with COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2405 sentences = 144 flesch = 54 summary = Materials & Methods : A total of two hundred and seventy eight (278) images of chest X-rays have been assessed by applying ResNet-50 convolutional neural network architectures in the present study. The third group contains digital images of chest X-rays of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection while the second group contains images of lung with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Conclusion : The performance of convolutional neural network regarding the differentiation of pulmonary changes caused by COVID-19 from the other type of pneumonias on digital images of the chest Xrays is excellent and it may be an extremely useful adjunct tool for the health professionals. The performance of convolutional neural network regarding the differentiation of pulmonary changes caused by COVID-19 from the other type of pneumonias on digital images of the chest X-rays is extremely good. cache = ./cache/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253970-sbj869yy author = Agarwal, Amit title = Neurological emergencies associated with COVID-19: stroke and beyond date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2417 sentences = 149 flesch = 40 summary = There is limited knowledge on the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 at present, with a wide array of neurological complications reported, ranging from ischemic stroke to acute demyelination and encephalitis. The second subset of neurological presentation involves a response to the cytokine storm and multi-system inflammation including acute demyelination, vasculitis, necrotizing encephalopathy, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Table 1 provides a summary of the most common (1) vascular complications with stroke secondary to arterial or venous thrombosis, related to the known hypercoagulable state seen in COVID [4, 5, 14] , and (2) much broader gamut including diffuse leukoencephalopathy, acute demyelination, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), necrotizing encephalopathy, and focal cytotoxic edema, primarily seen as a consequence of systemic inflammation and cytokine storm seen with COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] . The most common neurological presentation reported has been ischemic stroke, secondary to arterial or venous thrombosis, because of the hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253910-pmurx4jh author = Miles, David title = “Stay at Home, Protect the National Health Service, Save Lives”: a cost benefit analysis of the lockdown in the United Kingdom date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6375 sentences = 302 flesch = 62 summary = We calibrate estimates of the economic costs as different % loss in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) against possible benefits of avoiding life years lost, for different scenarios where current COVID‐19 mortality and comorbidity rates were used to calculate the loss in life expectancy and adjusted for their levels of poor health and quality of life. All rights reserved We selected 10 European countries with populations over five million and average income/person over £15,000/year and examine the relation between the outcomes of the excess death as reported in Human Mortality Database of the University of California (5) and the different levels of lockdown as calculated and reported as a composite measure based on nine response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, hospitality venue closures and travel bans, in the Government Response Stringency from Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (6) to see if there were any clear relationships. cache = ./cache/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253736-cd4qnp2m author = Modenese, Alberto title = Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2353 sentences = 99 flesch = 46 summary = Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Such studies will allow the identification of specific occupational hazards and possible increased risk of infection and mortality among various categories of HCWs. Considering the currently available Italian data, the trend in deaths suggests that the work-related contagion of GPs was more critical during the first weeks of the epidemic in Italy, with a slight decrease in more recent days, even if the proportion is still very high for GPs. The relatively high number of death cases among GPs deserves some examination. cache = ./cache/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253918-8g3erth8 author = Ienca, Marcello title = On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1422 sentences = 65 flesch = 51 summary = However, during those recent epidemics, the large-scale collection of mobile data from millions of users-especially call-data records and social-media reports-also raised privacy and data-protection concerns. In Italy, the European country recording the largest number of COVID-19 cases, the local data-protection authority was urged, on 2 March 2 2020, to issue a statement to clarify the conditions of lawful data use for mitigation and containment purposes. As big data will be critical for managing the COVID-19 pandemic in today's digital world, the conditions for responsible data collection and processing at a global scale must be clear. We argue that the use of digitally available data and algorithms for prediction and surveillancee.g., identifying people who have traveled to areas where the disease has spread or tracing and isolating the contacts of infected people-is of paramount importance in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254014-jowjkd12 author = Rivillas, J. C. title = Social response to early-stage government control measures of COVID-19 in Colombia: population survey, April 8-20 2020. date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5943 sentences = 418 flesch = 62 summary = These recommendations directly affected the entire population and included: reducing physical contact; reducing mobility and cancelling unnecessary travel; working from home; cancelling mass events; a 14 day at-home isolation period for people who arrived from international trips, or in cases in which someone in the household experienced a high temperature and sustained coughing; as well as increasing the frequency of hand washing and the use of face masks on public transport. o In the group of people who are resisting 40% are men; 68% are under 39 years old; 40% have savings and one out ten reported mental health problems; and 64% supported the government measures. • People who had a favourable perception of national and local government response to control the transmission of COVID-19 adopted preventive isolation measures (voluntary and mandatory) in percentages over 85%. cache = ./cache/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253962-ug7yflxh author = Huang, Dong title = A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2459 sentences = 198 flesch = 57 summary = title: A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID‐19 among all suspected patients at admission. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID‐19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32, 95%CI 6.39‐27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI 1.70‐11.96), heart rate <100 beat/min (OR:3.80, 95%CI 2.00‐7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI 1.83‐7.10), neutrophil count ≤6.3×10(9)/L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI 2.52‐18.19), eosinophil count ≤0.02×10(9)/L (OR:3.14, 95%CI 1.58‐6.22), glucose ≥6 mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI 1.04‐5.66), D‐dimer ≥0.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI 1.22‐9.96), and C‐reactive protein <5 mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI 1.86‐7.92). The current study is conducted aiming to explore the potential early risk factors, and to develop a risk score used for predicting the probability of diagnosis among all suspected COVID-19 patients at early stage. cache = ./cache/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254083-ea94wn3f author = Fowler, Alexander J. title = COVID-19 Phenotypes and Potential Harm of Conventional Treatments: How to Prove the Hypothesis date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1731 sentences = 87 flesch = 40 summary = We appreciate the authors' clinical observations and their expertise; however, we have several concerns with these two recommendations, which diverge from the best established evidence for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For reference, patients enrolled in the PROSEVA (Prone Positioning in Severe ARDS) trial had a mean respiratory system compliance of 35 ml/cm H 2 O (SD, 15) at the time of enrollment (3). Evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that prone positioning and low VT ventilation are the precise strategies for gentle ventilation that patients with ARDS, "typical" or not, should receive. Importantly, the authors suggest that recommended treatment strategies for severe COVID-19 pneumonia based on ARDS management (3) may lead to disease progression and excess harm (1, 2) . Second, we can use the DAG to determine a minimal adjustment set of variables to reliably estimate the direct effect of our exposure (ARDS ventilation strategy in COVID-19 L-phenotype patients) and outcome (ICU mortality). cache = ./cache/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253862-jl1zhg13 author = Khalaf, Khalil title = SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14595 sentences = 760 flesch = 45 summary = Although this novel virus is less severe than the first SARS-CoV outbreak, human-to-human transmission remains very high and the number of cases continues to rise exponentially in major urban areas, highlighting the urgent need to develop new containment, diagnostic, and treatment protocols. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, viral evasion of the innate immune system leads to an increase in cytokine production and late CD4+/CD8+ response, which then leads to pathogenic inflammation in patients with high viral loads. (ChiCTR2000029308), involving severe SARS-CoV-2 cases, compared lopinavir/ritonavir treatment with standard care alone, and they showed that the antivirals yielded no clinical benefits. In an open-label control study conducted by Cai et al., the antiviral activity of favipiravir + IFN-α was compared to that of lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-α in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253993-ynrthadj author = Belhassan, Assia title = Assessment of effective imidazole derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 main protease through computational approach date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1766 sentences = 94 flesch = 46 summary = The result indicate that Molecules N° 3, 7 and 14 have more binding energy with SARS-CoV-2 main protease recently crystallized (pdb code 6LU7) in comparison with the other imidazole derivatives and the two drug; Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Based on all these effects, the study of interactions between chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and the eighteen imidazole derivatives against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease are recommended. In this paper, the modeling interaction of eighteen imidazole derivatives against novel Coronavirus are performed using the molecular docking method followed by comparison with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine interactions formed in the same binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In this study, we have tried to carry out a docking study of chemical compounds reported as potent Antiplasmodial inhibitors of imidazole derivatives based on 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline and analogues in the active site of SARS-Cov-2 main protease, flowed by comparison with two drugs; chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. cache = ./cache/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254027-rndu5ake author = Geldsetzer, Pascal title = Using rapid online surveys to assess perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on Covid-19 among the general public in the United States and United Kingdom date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 260 flesch = 56 summary = Following an informed consent form, the questionnaire asked participants about i) the cause, current state, and future development of the Covid-19 epidemic; ii) the risk of a fatal disease course; iii) knowledge of symptoms and recommended healthcare-seeking behavior; iv) measures to prevent a Covid-19 infection; and v) their perception of the risk posed by individuals of East-Asian ethnicity in their . In order to investigate to what degree dis-and misinformation about Covid-19 has affected the general public's beliefs about the condition, participants were directly asked whether or not they believed several falsehoods listed on the WHO's "myth busters" website, (9) which the WHO selected because they had been circulating on social media.(10) Specifically, the questionnaire asked whether receiving a letter or package from China poses a risk of infection, and whether using hand dryers, rinsing your nose with saline, eating garlic, applying sesame oil to the skin, taking antibiotics, and vaccinating against pneumonia are effective in preventing a Covid-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254094-ed1epul1 author = Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos title = Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1665 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = In particular, we refer to the TMPRSS2 expression profile, balance of androgen and estrogen, blood group-A and/or B, nonsynonymous mutations in ORF3, and proteins NS7b and NS8 in SARS-CoV-2. In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, most authors focused their attention on features such as the high expression of ACE2 in the salivary glands in asymptomatic infection [4] , and the maturity and binding capacity of ACE2 [5, 6] . A higher 2D:4D ratio is associated with COVID-19 severity in men [14] , this means that sex hormones play a role in protection, thus, causing women to develop less serious complications or an asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection [12] . An in-depth study of the factors associated with asymptomatic subjects can provide information to limit severe COVID-19 as much as possible. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated cache = ./cache/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253948-yi57n8nc author = Singh, K. title = Impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-state study in India date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1852 sentences = 110 flesch = 51 summary = The present study examines the impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak in the majorly affected states of India. In this regard, we compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, Recovered case counts, Deceased cases, Average Temperature, Maximum Relative Humidity, Maximum Wind Speed for six most affected states of India during the period of March 25, 2020 to April 24, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 doi: medRxiv preprint of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the effects of weather indicators on COVID-19 outbreak for India. The primary weather indicators i.e. temperature (°C), wind speed (mph), and Humidity (%) are considered as independent variables for finding the correlation with affected cases of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 doi: medRxiv preprint temperature 7 days ago has shown moderate correlation (0.394 < r < 0.728) with recovered cases in four states i.e. Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh for both Kendall and Spearman correlation test. cache = ./cache/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253933-29tedkf8 author = David, Abel P. title = Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3038 sentences = 163 flesch = 42 summary = 1 As an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), tracheostomy is associated with high droplet and particle generation, placing health care providers at increased risk for transmission of respiratory viral infections. Factors relevant to our review included optimal timing of tracheostomy, duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19, risk to procedural teams from aerosol generation during tracheostomy, ICU capacity, and availability of PPE. In the context of the current pandemic, Tay et al conducted a literature review of tracheostomies performed during the SARS epidemic and concluded the following: (a) proper PPE (N95 mask, surgical cap, gown, goggles, and gloves) is of utmost importance; (b) surgical tracheostomy is preferably performed in a negative pressure ICU room by experienced providers with meticulous planning and seamless communication; (c) aerosol generation should be minimized through patient paralysis, ventilation hold during creation of tracheal window, and utilization of HEPA-filtered suction systems. cache = ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254152-9wt2za3m author = Qiu, Chenghao title = Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Identifier of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: An International Multicenter Study date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4990 sentences = 199 flesch = 40 summary = authors: Qiu, Chenghao; Cui, Chong; Hautefort, Charlotte; Haehner, Antje; Zhao, Jun; Yao, Qi; Zeng, Hui; Nisenbaum, Eric J.; Liu, Li; Zhao, Yu; Zhang, Di; Levine, Corinna G.; Cejas, Ivette; Dai, Qi; Zeng, Mei; Herman, Philippe; Jourdaine, Clement; de With, Katja; Draf, Julia; Chen, Bing; Jayaweera, Dushyantha T.; Denneny, James C.; Casiano, Roy; Yu, Hongmeng; Eshraghi, Adrien A.; Hummel, Thomas; Liu, Xuezhong; Shu, Yilai; Lu, Hongzhou Data including demographics, COVID-19 severity, patient outcome, and the incidence and degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were collected and analyzed. Data including demographics, COVID-19 severity, patient outcome, and the incidence and degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were collected and analyzed. This study aims to systematically characterize and compare olfactory and gustatory symptoms among COVID-19 adult patients and children in 5 epidemic areas in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Shenzhen (China); Paris (France); and Dresden (Germany), emphasizing the importance of these symptoms as an early marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253958-8lhzgqfr author = Clark, T. W. title = Diagnostic accuracy of a host response point-of-care test for identifying COVID-19 date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4067 sentences = 270 flesch = 62 summary = The sample size for this sub-study was driven by consideration for estimating sensitivity of FebriDx MxA for the identification of COVID-19 (as defined by the reference standard of detection of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR on respiratory samples) and of the methods proposed by Riley et al 12 for multivariable predictive models. As the antiviral host response to SARS-CoV-2 would be expected to wane over time, but detection of viral RNA by PCR may persist for several weeks, a secondary analysis was pre-specified to assess diagnostic accuracy in those who have had duration of less than seven days. Although direct comparison of accuracy was not possible due to samples size, the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of FebriDx appeared comparable for patients presenting before and after 7 days of symptom duration. In this large, real-world study we have shown that that the detection of the antiviral host response protein MxA using the FebriDx point-of-care test had high sensitivity for the identification of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253908-zgk5d4c1 author = Schrack, Jennifer A title = After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1005 sentences = 66 flesch = 58 summary = Although this is an encouraging and necessary step, not all older patients may be amenable to telemedicine and providers need to be aware of the potential long-term impacts of the absence M a n u s c r i p t of direct patient contact, as well as the potential for a second wave of chronic health conditions fueled by the current pandemic. In these uncertain times, research on remote monitoring of physical activity, sleep, anxiety/stress levels, nutrition, and access to care may help quantify the potential impact of COVID-19 on chronic health conditions and identify future intervention/treatment targets. Perhaps more importantly, telemedicine and wearable technology can increase our knowledge about the potential side effects of social distancing for older populations, informing future preparedness research and providing a more comprehensive understanding of ways to minimize the effects of future pandemics on long-term health in older adults. cache = ./cache/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253998-1jegybs9 author = Lara, Pedro C title = Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2773 sentences = 141 flesch = 36 summary = title: Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Although most infected individuals experienced mild or no respiratory symptoms, in older patients (65year-old) or older with underlying co-morbidity, COVID 19 may induce severe lung inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death despite artificial ventilation. In addition TPE was also effective in the treatment of interstitial pneumonitis in patients suffering the complications of lupus erythematosus (LE), an autoimmune disease [16] [17] [18] Taking together, any effective therapeutic intervention needs to break this vicious cycle of cytokines storm either through their modulating effect on macrophages function, and/or inflammatory cytokines [19] Pharmacology intervention to reduce COVID-19 induced cytokines storm Although controversial, many clinical trials are currently conducted to assess the efficacy of many drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 induced ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253968-jtr0p930 author = López, Verónica title = Recomendaciones en el manejo de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en pacientes con trasplante renal date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3627 sentences = 405 flesch = 56 summary = Manejo clínico del COVID-19: tratamiento médico, del 19 de marzo de 2020), los pacientes receptores de un trasplante renal en los que haya sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2 tienen indicación de test diagnóstico y valoración de ingreso si el resultado es positivo, así como de inicio de tratamiento específico. Por tanto, dada la escasa experiencia acumulada y la alta probabilidad de evolución tórpida del cuadro clínico en un breve periodo de tiempo, con desarrollo de fracaso multiorgánico y necesidad de soporte ventilatorio, la estrategia inmunosupresora recomendada a priori, al menos en los casos más graves de pacientes trasplantados renales con neumonía por COVID-19, debe consistir en la interrupción temporal de los inmunosupresores e inicio de metilprednisolona a dosis bajas entre 20 y 40 mg/día, para conferir la adquisición en un corto periodo de tiempo de la inmunidad celular necesaria para controlar la infección y evitar así la progresión de la misma y sus complicaciones vitales. cache = ./cache/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254025-j1l0mder author = de Melo, Andreia C. title = Cancer inpatients with COVID-19: A report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3366 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = According to the univariate analysis COVID-19-specific mortality was significantly associated with age over 75 years (P = .002), metastatic cancer (p <0.001), two or more sites of metastases (P < .001), the presence of lung (P < .001) or bone metastases (P = .001), non-curative treatment or best supportive care intent (P < .001), higher C-reactive protein levels (P = .002), admission due to COVID-19 (P = .009), and antibiotics use (P = .02). As shown in Table 3 , mortality related to COVID-19 was significantly associated to older age (P < .001 for patients between 60 to 74 years and P = .002 for patients aged 75 years or older), metastatic cancer (P < .001), two or more sites of metastases (P < .001), the presence of lung (P < .001) or bone metastases (P = .001), non-curative treatment or best supportive care intent (P < .001), higher C-reactive protein levels (P = .002), admission due to COVID-19 (P = .009), and antibiotics use (P = .02). cache = ./cache/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254043-1slz1dvr author = Jamil, Tahira title = No Evidence for Temperature-Dependence of the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2331 sentences = 117 flesch = 50 summary = Here we examine the relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number (Rt) of infection and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where epidemics, with at least 1,000 cases reported, have been reported (data updated up to 31 May, 2020). Figure S3 | The relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number of infection (Rt) and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where > 100 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, as of Figure 1 , but with all data updated only until 27th March. Figure S3 | The relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number of infection (Rt) and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where > 100 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, as of Figure 1 , but with all data updated only until 27th March. cache = ./cache/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254119-w6otllf5 author = Ingraham, Nicholas E title = Immunomodulation in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1403 sentences = 77 flesch = 33 summary = Observational data show overlapping clinical features in severe COVID-19 with macrophage activating syndrome (MAS) and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Furthermore, the pathogenesis underlying SARS-CoV-2 involves several key pathways that can be manipulated, and use of these therapies can mitigate the propagation of an overdriven Figure: SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the inflammatory system and therapy targets within the system TLR4, AT1R, IL-6, IL-1, IL-18, type 1 IFNs, and IFN-γ receptor binding activates specific signalling cascades and translocation of nuclear transcription factors into the nucleus (blue ellipse), where they interact with their respective chaperones (NF-KB) or their targeting sequences on DNA (ISRE, GAS) to activate the production of multiple proteins including additional cytokines, chemokines, cell surface molecules, and more. In conclusion, as insight is gained into the clinical phenotypes associated with COVID-19, we propose JAK and IL-1 inhibitors as therapeutic targets warranting rapid investigation. cache = ./cache/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253990-m75xwrz9 author = Wang, Zhiguo title = Covid‐19: From structure to therapeutic targeting in studying approved drugs and local DNA vaccination date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1125 sentences = 62 flesch = 48 summary = The current lack of specific and effective therapies for the COVID-19, and the continuous spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 across many parts of the world, represent one of the major challenges in controlling the disease severity, keeping to pose a huge threat to the global health. The current lack of specific and effective therapies for the COVID-19, and the continuous spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 across many parts of the world, represents one of the major challenges in controlling the disease severity and consequences, posing a huge threat to the global health. In this article, we highlight several previously approved drugs for potential effect on combating SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, and modulating pulmonary inflammation and immune response. Despite unprecedented efforts to contain the virus spread and prevent infection, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis can still rapidly strike to incapacitate the lung causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), resulting in severe disease aftermath and sometimes death. cache = ./cache/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254166-7y58ie8q author = Palazzolo, Claudia title = Legionella pneumonia: increased risk after COVID-19 lockdown? Italy, May to June 2020 date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1632 sentences = 93 flesch = 50 summary = We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254162-tu81j66h author = Bai, Xiyuan title = Hypothesis: alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19 date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5512 sentences = 286 flesch = 39 summary = Sixth, AAT inhibition of elastase can antagonize the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a complex extracellular structure comprised of neutrophil-derived DNA, histones, and proteases, and implicated in the immunothrombosis of COVID-19; indeed, AAT has been shown to change the shape and adherence of non-COVID-19-related NETs. Seventh, AAT inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis may limit the endothelial injury linked to severe COVID-19-associated acute lung injury, multi-organ dysfunction, and pre-eclampsia-like syndrome seen in gravid women. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. cache = ./cache/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254144-8h6cli5d author = Wallis, Lee A. title = African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 380 sentences = 39 flesch = 60 summary = title: African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings In the meantime, AFEM would like to signpost to the open access, interim WHO Clinical management of COVID-19 guidelines. Practical and realistic strategies are presented for the care of patients of all severity levels, with the assumption that there is no easy access to more advanced testing such as troponin or CT scan. In these settings, the number of patients will significantly outweigh available resources. These resources are intended to assist with clinical management in these settings, but we can never replace clinical decision making at the bedside. COVID-19) outbreak Geneva: World Health Organization Available from Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Geneva: World Health Organization Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) situation Geneva: World Health Organization Available from A retrospective analysis of patient care in a district-level hospital in Uganda cache = ./cache/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254177-jzdy1aq2 author = Kilaru, Austin S. title = Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid‐19 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1931 sentences = 137 flesch = 56 summary = While many patient 18 characteristics, co-morbidities, and diagnostic tests have been evaluated as risk 19 factors for severe Covid-19 infection, we sought to include risk factors relevant to 20 patients being considered for ED discharge and ensure the robustness of the 21 model by limiting the number of covariates. Three additional risk factors were 6 associated with increased odds of return hospital admission within 7 days of the 7 index ED encounter: hypertension (AOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 to 2.0), obesity (AOR 8 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 to 2.0), and age between 41-59 years (AOR 2.1; 95%CI 1.6 to 9 2.8). 10 11 To our knowledge, no prior study has evaluated the outcome of return hospital 12 admission in patients with Covid-19 following ED discharge. Sixth, 17 we did not include the full range of potential risk factors as covariates in the 18 model that may be associated with return hospital admission. cache = ./cache/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254278-awdqguoo author = Khan, Suliman title = Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 775 sentences = 50 flesch = 66 summary = title: Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women Several studies 6 focusing on infected patients from the general population have been reported, however, limited 7 information is available in the aspects of pregnancy outcomes of COVID-19 infected women. 15 We conducted a case series study on pregnant women (n =17) infected with COVID-19 16 admitted to Hubei general hospital (Renmin Hospital) from Jan 25 to Feb 15, 2020. To 20 assess the neonatal infection with COVID-19, cord blood and neonatal throat swab samples were 21 collected immediately after delivery in the operating room and were tested by using quantitative 22 RT-PCR. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for the current 24 outbreak of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and a thorough search for the impact of 25 SARS-CoV pregnancy outcomes. Based on our findings in these seventeen patients, we suggest that COVID-19 infection 12 may lead to the occurrence of neonatal pneumonia and preterm delivery. cache = ./cache/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254121-soiloa5l author = Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh title = Recording COVID-19 consultations: review of symptoms, risk factors, and proposed SNOMED CT terms date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4047 sentences = 245 flesch = 45 summary = AIM: To collate a list of relevant symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19, and match these data items with corresponding SNOMED CT clinical terms to support the development and implementation of consultation templates. DESIGN & SETTING: Published and preprint literature for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines describing the symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and/or lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19 and its complications were reviewed. 9 The aim of this study was to collate a list of relevant symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19 and its complications, and match these data items with proposed examples of corresponding SNOMED CT clinical terms, which will support the development and implementation of primary care consultation templates. cache = ./cache/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254256-8jhaxcn1 author = Ressaire, Quentin title = Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 471 sentences = 36 flesch = 50 summary = title: Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients Every patient admitted in Saint-Louis Hospital's Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France) for respiratory failure related to COVID-19 and who had an exploration of lipid abnormalities at ICU admission was included. All patients or their surrogate had information about the data collection and gave their nonopposition to the study (Ethical committee of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care [SFAR] IRB 00010254 -2019 -203). Of 54 COVID-19 patients admitted in our ICU from March 20, 2020 to April 15, 2020, thirtyone had an exploration of lipid abnormalities at admission (LDL-c, HDL-c, TC, apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 and B)). Association of Elevated Plasma Interleukin-18 Level With Increased Mortality in a Clinical Trial of Statin Treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*: Critical Care Medicine cache = ./cache/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254218-2wsf7xix author = Collins, Jemima T. title = The Clinical Frailty Scale: Estimating the Prevalence of Frailty in Older Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. The COPE Study date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2470 sentences = 151 flesch = 60 summary = Our aims were to assess the prevalence of frailty in older patients hospitalised with COVID-19, their sex and age distribution, and the completion rate of the CFS tool in evaluating frailty. Results: A total of 1277 older patients with COVID-19, aged ≥ 65 (79.9 ± 8.1) years were included in the study, with 98.5% having fully completed CFS. In this European multi-centre cohort study-the COVID-19 in Older People (COPE) study -we aim to describe frailty prevalence estimates in more detail in older people hospitalised with COVID-19, their sex and age distribution, and the completion rate of the CFS. The COPE study primary aims are to evaluate the association of frailty with clinical outcomes and mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19; a full study protocol can be found elsewhere [7] . Our results show that the prevalence of frailty is high (66.9%), when assessed using the CFS in a population aged 65 years and above hospitalised with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254124-4p1ah2h3 author = Khan, Asif Iqbal title = CoroNet: A Deep Neural Network for Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2588 sentences = 153 flesch = 52 summary = The limited quantity of testing kits and increasing number of daily cases encouraged us to come up with a Deep Learning model that can aid radiologists and clinicians in detecting COVID-19 cases using chest X-rays. METHODS: In this study, we propose CoroNet, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network model to automatically detect COVID-19 infection from chest X-ray images. The proposed model is based on Xception architecture pre-trained on ImageNet dataset and trained end-to-end on a dataset prepared by collecting COVID-19 and other chest pneumonia X-ray images from two different publically available databases. RESULTS: CoroNet has been trained and tested on the prepared dataset and the experimental results show that our proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 89.6%, and more importantly the precision and recall rate for COVID-19 cases are 93% and 98.2% for 4-class cases (COVID vs Pneumonia bacterial vs pneumonia viral vs normal). cache = ./cache/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254222-ifsqiibv author = O'Connor, Rory C title = Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors' reply date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1164 sentences = 58 flesch = 48 summary = 6 Research into the link between ethnicity and COVID-19 outcome is urgent, 7 and mental health aspects need to be included here. Third, in the rush to understand the effect of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing, it is more important than ever that the highest standards of ethical research practice are maintained. We are encouraged and stimulated by the responses to our Position Paper on COVID-19 mental health science. These responses complement the priorities outlined in our Position Paper and will stimulate further research using diverse methods, including more perspectives from the social sciences and focusing on additional vulnerable populations-eg, young people with complex forensic mental health needs, 1 and babies. It is now a responsibility to include the voices of all those whose mental health is affected by this pandemic and ensure that research findings are translated into practice. cache = ./cache/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254095-qkkimenx author = Garcés, Leah title = COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture’s vulnerability date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1020 sentences = 72 flesch = 66 summary = Of course, COVID-19 has tested other facets of the food sector, but thousands of sick slaughterhouse workers and millions of wasted animal lives illustrate the unique frailties of the system built to meet our global demand for animal protein. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations even stated that "livestock health is the weakest link in our global health chain" (FAO 2013). Governments can encourage this plant-based push by providing grants to scientists studying alternative protein production This article is part of the Topical Collection: Agriculture, Food & Covid-19. Third, we must empower animal farmers to lead this global transition from factory farming by helping them grow plants, such as hemp, mushrooms, and leafy greens, instead. The COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps our best chance to hit reset on our protein production system and reimagine how to feed the world. Corporations must shift their supply chains to improve animal welfare while growing the market share of plant-based products. cache = ./cache/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254382-xy8se56o author = Santos, C. title = Comparative Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Versus Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Waitlisted Patients: A Pilot Study date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3660 sentences = 243 flesch = 42 summary = In this retrospective cohort pilot study, we determined the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients and kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients in our center. We hypothesize that these patients have an incidence proportion of COVID-19 similar to the general population, but that transplanted patients have greater occurrences of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and death compared to waitlisted patients due to chronic immunosuppression. Demographic data, vital signs (temperature and body mass index), laboratory results, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death were captured from the electronic datasets, whereas comorbidities, organ type, cause of renal disease, induction and maintenance immunosuppression, presenting symptoms for COVID-19, oxygen supplementation, chest radiographic findings, and treatments tried for COVID-19 were collected by manual chart review. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20157990 doi: medRxiv preprint Previous epidemiologic studies on COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients focused on assembling cohorts of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and describing their clinical features and outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254411-e9vvjv8w author = Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad title = The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1878 sentences = 130 flesch = 49 summary = In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent and fight off COVID-19. In this article, we aim to provide a new hypothesis to describe how the repletion of cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can promote immunity against COVID-19. Secondly, ATP-depletion can potentially prone the recruited immune cells to earlier exhaustion against COVID-19. Therefore, one may conclude that ATP-repletion can prevent the so-called "cytokine storm" and improve the cellular energy to better counteract with COVID-19. From the perspective of cellular energy, this process potentially occurs through IFN-mediated T-cell activation that results in c-ATP depletion. have shown that following IFN-γ stimulation, mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion occurs in T-cells that results in apoptosis (10) . It demonstrates how an increase in c-ATP can decrease the effect of COVID-19 on immune dysregulation. cache = ./cache/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254228-g2mjj7my author = Felson, Marcus title = Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020 date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3976 sentences = 240 flesch = 62 summary = This paper examines burglary in Detroit, Michigan during the month of March, 2020, a period of considerable change in routine activities. The empirical task of the current research is to compare burglary changes in different zones of Detroit in response to the pandemic changes in routine activities. That finding raises an ancillary question: whether the dramatic shifts in routine activities resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic affect burglary rates differently in predominantly residential zones as opposed to zones with mixed residential and commercial land uses. In other words, we expect the changes in routine activities engendered by the pandemic to produce burglary increases in some parts of a city even while burglary declines overall. The changes in routine activities in light of the pandemic tell us to look for burglary increases mainly in urban areas not dominated by residences. 1 We infer that a major shift in routine activities resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic influences the land use-crime relationship in Detroit. cache = ./cache/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254288-duukt2wh author = Chew, Nicholas W.S. title = A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4453 sentences = 229 flesch = 47 summary = title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak METHODS: Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigate the association between various physical symptoms and psychological distress amongst healthcare workers in Singapore and India during the current COVID-19 outbreak. The study questionnaire, written in English, comprised five main components-demographic characteristics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the previous month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instruments. This multinational, multicenter study found significant association between adverse psychological outcomes and physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers during the current COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254419-qw83atrx author = Bhattacharyya, Rajat title = The Interplay Between Coagulation and Inflammation Pathways in COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5900 sentences = 276 flesch = 33 summary = This narrative review aims to summarize the current available evidence on the interplay between hypercoagulability, thrombo-inflammation, and pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19 infection resulting in respiratory failure and how this information can be used to design clinical trials to optimize patient outcomes. ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, NETS neutrophil extracellular traps, SARS-COV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TMPRSS2 transmembrane protease serine 2 shown to be at higher risk of worse outcomes [13] [14] [15] (Fig. 2) . CHD chronic heart disease, CLD chronic lung disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, DOACS direct oral anticoagulants, FDPs fibrinogen degradation products, HTN hypertension, IFN interferon, JAK Janus kinase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, NSAIDS nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PT prothrombin time, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VW Ag Von Willebrand antigen and microvascular thrombosis appears to be responsible for the clinical picture that leads to progressive multi-organ failure in a small percentage of patients, ultimately causing fatalities. cache = ./cache/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254421-0lvy15q2 author = Nahshon, Chen title = Author’s Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 520 sentences = 32 flesch = 35 summary = title: Author's Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment for their constructive comment on our review and appreciate the opportunity to further discuss the consideration of sampling preoperative patients for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prior to any surgical treatment. In our published review, we presented the possible hazardous implications of an asymptomatic undetected COVID-19 infection in surgical patients, suggesting a recommendation for a global consideration of sampling all patients before surgical treatment. Accordingly, the largest recent study published analyzed 1128 patients who had an operation during the current pandemic, with COVID-19 infection diagnosed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery [1] . In view of the progress in diagnostic tests and the presented perilous outcomes of infected COVID-19 surgical patients, routine preoperative screening should be considered, focusing on patient and staff safety. cache = ./cache/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254269-x8vpnhd2 author = Hakim, Abraham A. title = Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1321 sentences = 81 flesch = 50 summary = A review of the PubMed Central and Medline provides articles examining the role of telemedicine for preoperative, postoperative, and follow up evaluation of surgical patients encompassing the past two decades. We report the summarized findings of these studies, the financial and HIPAA considerations of using telemedicine, potential benefits, pitfalls and strategies for the utilization of telemedicine into the clinical practice of general surgery and its subspecialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. While surgery may not seem like it would lend itself to telehealth practices, multiple studies have shown it can be a viable modality for safe and effective surgical care as an alternative to in-office visits in the pre and post-operative periods. The implementation of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic helps anyone and everyone adhere to policies of social distancing and reduce exposure, particularly patients at high risk Current use of telemedicine for post-discharge surgical care: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254191-5cxv9l3c author = Islam, A.K.M. Najmul title = Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11923 sentences = 668 flesch = 49 summary = Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of critique on thoughts and the amplification of radical ideas by the virtual echo-chambers created by social media have been claimed to contribute to increased dissemination of misinformation (Barberá et al., T During COVID-19, clear communication of the severity of the situation and recommended health measures was needed to ensure people took correct action and did not suffer from unnecessary anxiety (Farooq et al., 2020) . From Table 2 , DS-R is the most critical predictor followed by exploration, self-promotion, religiosity, SMF, and entertainment in predicting unverified information sharing. We found that SMF, self-promotion, entertainment, exploration, DS-R, and religiosity all predicted unverified COVID-19 information sharing on social media. cache = ./cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author = Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title = Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4963 sentences = 227 flesch = 59 summary = Using detailed case data from Hong Kong's Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong's high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Our study includes an examination of the age and sex distribution of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in Hong Kong and an exploration of how the different measures to combat this outbreak resulted in a relatively low number of cases and deaths. In this paper, we highlight the potential impact of the young profile of the confirmed cases on the total number of mortalities and the effect of early, aggressive policy measures including travel bans, enforced quarantines and contact-tracing imposed by the Hong Kong government as early as January 27, 2020 in containing the spread of the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254428-n0uwy77g author = Zhao, Wen title = Clinical characteristics and durations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Beijing: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3390 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = Multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter time from the illness onset to admission, the severity of disease and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer hospitalized duration. In the present study, we reported the retrospective data of 77 hospitalized patient with COVID-19 in Beijing, China, with 64 (83.1%) discharged home alive by the end of follow-up. Previous studies reported that the duration of the illness onset to hospital admission in the early stage of this outbreak was 7 to 12.5 days. Currently, few studies reported the average hospital length of stay of discharged patients COVID-19. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254449-ww7iq04j author = Naithani, Nardeep title = COVID-19: Shades of Grey date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1363 sentences = 101 flesch = 66 summary = from National Centre for Disease Control, India, have very lucidly highlighted nine domains where healthcare workers need to find answers, in this issue of the Journal. We have endeavoured to play our role as a peer reviewed medical journal while welcoming submissions on the entire spectrum of possible research on COVID-19 from across the world. Nevertheless, to carry the exit poll analogy further, mathematical models are increasingly becoming a valuable tool to equip the public health response in COVID-19. As the understanding of the transmission of the disease changes, mathematical models need to be dynamic tools to help policy making bodies. 12 The recent ordinance to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 by the Govt of India will hopefully help to reduce the public brunt and help healthcare workers focus on SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare impact of COVID-19 epidemic in India: a stochastic mathematical model Predictive mathematical models of the COVID-19 pandemic: Underlying principles and value of projections cache = ./cache/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254377-j8e8gb0l author = Ali, Sadaf title = Acute cor pulmonale from saddle pulmonary embolism in a patient with previous Covid-19 – should we prolong prophylactic anticoagulation? date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1447 sentences = 87 flesch = 43 summary = However, the risk associated with mild and moderate illness from Covid-19 is unknown, and there is no current recommendation for prophylaxis against thromboembolism in patients after hospital treatment unless there are established thrombophilic risk factors. We report the case of a 52-year old woman, who presented with massive saddle pulmonary embolism after one week of initial hospital discharge, successfully thrombolysed that raises the question of consideration of extended prophylactic anticoagulation even in low risk Covid-19 cases. 3 We report a case of acute massive PE successfully managed by thrombolysis in a patient who was discharged after one week of initial hospital treatment for Covid-19 pneumonia which raises serious concerns about the indication for extended prophylactic anticoagulation in such cases. Emerging data and clinical experience suggest an increased prevalence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in COVID-19, especially in patients with severe disease requiring hospitalization, and even among those who are not critically ill. cache = ./cache/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254287-8q2gdy5n author = Azoulay, Elie title = International variation in the management of severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1321 sentences = 82 flesch = 52 summary = Respondents (median 45 years [IQR, 39-53], 34% women) were from Middle Europe (25%), South Europe (23%), the United Kingdom (UK) (12%), South America (9%), North Europe (8.1%), Eastern Europe (5.3%), Middle-East (5%), North America (4.7%), Asia (3.3%), India (2.7%), Australia-New Zealand (1.3%), or Africa (0.6%); 54% were living in a large city (> 1 million inhabitants), and 55% were working in university-affiliated hospitals. For instance, prone positioning was performed in 70-85% of the cases in Asia, India, Eastern Europe, Middle Europe, South America, South Europe, and the UK, whereas Africa, Australia-New Zealand, Middle East, North America, and Scandinavia were in the 50-70% range (Fig. 3, P < 0 Antibiotic prescribing was routine for all patients in 44.2% of the respondents and biomarker-guided in 36.5%, without significant variation across regions. This survey highlights important practice variations in the management of severe COVID-19 patients, including differences at regional and individual levels. cache = ./cache/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254452-gqqdx2r5 author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3162 sentences = 163 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as "Remdesivir" or 'GS-5734″ AND "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. A preliminary report (April 29, 2020) from an interim analysis of an ongoing double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) recently suggested that remdesivir had a 31% faster time to recovery, compared to the placebo (p<0.001), in patients with COVID-19 [15] . In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial cache = ./cache/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254538-vcf44w1k author = Rocha Filho, C. R. title = PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 202 flesch = 59 summary = title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Thus, the purpose of this rapid living systematic review is to identify the evidence about prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19, considering the following research questions: This rapid living review will systematically evaluate the best available evidence to identify the risk and protective factors of COVID-19, which we expect will help the front line on their decision making processes. We believe that the strengths of this rapid systematic review include the transparency, the strict methods, the evaluation of the quality of evidence, and the extensive and more sensitive searches. Assessing Bias in Studies of Prognostic Factors cache = ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254464-6l7fwylu author = Shingare, Ashay title = COVID‐19 in recent kidney transplant recipients date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1712 sentences = 114 flesch = 54 summary = Younger age, absence of other comorbidities and lower dose of anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) used as induction possibly contributed to good outcome in our recent LDKT recipients compared with earlier published cases of recent deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19. Sooner or later we would need to restart transplant programs, both LDKT & deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT), as dust settles on the acute era to a post-COVID-19 new normal, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be a possibility. During the further follow-up over next 2 months, 2 of these 7 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), 3 tested negative and 2 were not tested as they were asymptomatic. Due to intensive immunosuppression, recent transplant recipients (< 3 months post-transplant) are at increased risk of developing severe disease due to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254436-89zf41xr author = Singer, Professor Donald RJ title = Health policy implications of the links between cardiovascular risk and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2001 sentences = 106 flesch = 49 summary = In the meantime, public health measures are the mainstay for containing spread of infection with SARS-CoV-2, complemented by access to high quality supportive treatment and efforts to develop targeted approaches to reduce infection and disease severity in people at high risk of serious morbidity and death from COVID-19. Other indirect reasons for concern about increased prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease because of the COVID-19 pandemic include poorer recognition and control of cardiovascular risk factors and established serious disorders of the heart, brain and circulation due to reduced access to medical services. Health policy makers also need to take steps to extend influenza immunization to all groups now recognized to be at risk of more serious COVID-19, including the obese, others with increased cardiovascular risk and people from black and other at risk ethnic minorities. cache = ./cache/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254456-d79z01jh author = Juergens, Carsten title = Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 155 flesch = 56 summary = title: Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps Since the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is a global phenomenon, many scientists and research organizations create thematic maps to visualize and understand the spatial spread of the disease and to inform mankind. GIS and web-mapping technologies play an essential role to provide rapid visualization of the geo-spatial spread of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. Zhou et al. There are many options to influence the information content and the appearance of a thematic map and its readability, e.g., by choosing colors, line styles, text styles, symbol styles or its scale (Juergens 2020) . This paper intends to raise the reader's awareness against the influencing factors that can distort the information content of choropleth map data. "[…] a strong Fig. 2 Thematic map of COVID-19 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Germany on July 6, 2020 based on states (left) and counties (right) (Robert Koch Institut 2020) (Legend shows color and value ranges per class). cache = ./cache/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254465-y8n7t8rx author = Soulat-Dufour, Laurie title = Left ventricular ejection fraction: an additional risk marker in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 637 sentences = 45 flesch = 45 summary = Data from 39 consecutive patients admitted for acute pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who had two-dimensional echocardiography performed on the day of admission were retrospectively analysed. At admission to intensive care, patients who underwent intubation or died, compared with survivors, had a significantly higher respiratory rate, lower haemoglobin level, higher Creactive protein concentration, higher peak concentrations of cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (all P < 0.05) (Table) . A recent study showed that right ventricular function evaluated using strain imaging in a population of patients with COVID-19 with no history of cardiomyopathy was associated with a poorer prognosis [4] . Beyond the complexity of the mechanisms of cardiac involvement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, the non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function, while respecting protection rules and precautions, could be a simple parameter to refine their short-term prognosis. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in cache = ./cache/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254446-yxqbe1dj author = Ren, Yunzhao R. title = A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6723 sentences = 426 flesch = 49 summary = The disease name -COVID-19‖ and the associated virus name -SARS-CoV-2‖ were coined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy, respectively, on February 11 1, 2 . Interestingly, pharyngeal swab viral nucleic acid screening results of 2,510 patients between January 23 and February 25 from a hospital fever clinic in Hunan Province (a neighboring province of Hubei) demonstrated that the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 (1.3%) was lower than that of Influenza A (2.3%) and Influenza B (3.3%) 42 . Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254621-ub7ynjai author = Hoyer, Carolin title = Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1391 sentences = 55 flesch = 38 summary = We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess a potential impact of the partial lockdown in Germany. This study identified a decrease of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the first time extends observations made in other specialties [2, 3] to psychiatry. The correlation of lower service utilization rates and decreased population mobility moreover suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing on patients' willingness to seek help for mental health problems through in-hospital consultations. cache = ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254591-z9rfwm1g author = Vasconcelos, G. L. title = Modelling the epidemic growth of preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4863 sentences = 265 flesch = 57 summary = The response of the scientific community to the global health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has produced an unprecedented number of manuscripts in a short period of time, the vast majority of which has been shared in the form of preprints posted before peer review on preprint repositories. In the present study we apply a mathematical growth model, known as the generalized Richards model, to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of COVID-19 related preprints. We also analyze the rank-frequency distribution of preprints servers, ordered by the number of COVID-19 preprints they host, and find that it follows a power-law decay. We have seen above that the time evolution of the number of COVID-19 related preprints is well described by the generalized Richards growth model. To better understand this "scidemic," we have applied a generalized logistic growth model to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of unrefereed preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV2. cache = ./cache/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254469-7q6xi2xx author = Wang, Fuzhou title = An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4737 sentences = 245 flesch = 48 summary = In March 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US). However, on March 16 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US), conducted by Moderna and the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [12, 13] . Although mRNA vaccines are commencing human clinical trials, due to the rapid global spread of this new viral pandemic, it may not be possible to develop a safe and effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in time to prevent the increasing number of deaths due to this novel RNA virus. cache = ./cache/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254687-g9tptfna author = Nani, Fernando Souza title = Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 790 sentences = 44 flesch = 41 summary = title: Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis Along with the regular risk of pressure ulcers in sacral and bony prominences, frequent prone positioning during COVID-19 treatment poses an additional risk (2, 3) . In view of this scenario and to arrive at a quick solution, Hospital das Clínicas, Escola Politécnica, and Universidade de São Paulo Innovative Centers entered into a public-private partnership aiming at identifying, testing, and producing cushions in a short period of time. The unpretentious idea of producing new cushions triggered the processes for developing guidelines for prone positioning, prevention of bedsores, and early identification and treatment of pressure injuries. The Innovative Centers from Instituto Central of HCFMUSP and the University of São Paulo had the opportunity to challenge themselves in coordinating intra-and extra-hospital teams that had never communicated with each other before, with the objective of approving and finalizing a project in record time, considering the peculiarities of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissibility. cache = ./cache/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254497-8bhahzys author = Abdelnabi, Mahmoud title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Myocarditis: Insights into Pathophysiology and Management date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 647 sentences = 51 flesch = 42 summary = The current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) position statement recommends treating patients with acute myocarditis complicated by cardiogenic shock with inotropes and/or vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. 6 Moreover, a systematic review of IV immunoglobulins as acute myocarditis therapy showed insufficient evidence to support their routine use. reported the successful treatment of a patient with COVID-19 presenting with fulminant myocarditis, ARDS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using ventilatory support, high-flow oxygen, lopinavir-ritonavir antiviral therapy, interferon alpha-1b, methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin and ECMO with gradual improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). described successful management of fulminant myocarditis using methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, inotropes and diuretics with gradual improvement of LVEF and cardiac biomarkers over several weeks. In general, the use of corticosteroids and IV immunoglobulins are not supported by the guidelines for the management of acute myocarditis. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254631-80sg4uvd author = Llansó, Laura title = Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in COVID-19 Disease: a Case-Report date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1035 sentences = 60 flesch = 38 summary = Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome that can include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, usually related to autoregulatory cerebral failure and hypertension. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 who developed a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with a typical clinical and radiological presentation, after being treated with anti-interleukin treatment (anakinra and tocilizumab) following local guidelines. We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 disease, possibly related to anti-IL-1 or anti-IL-6, suggesting that anti-interleukin treatments may cause this syndrome, at least in patients with predisposing conditions such as infections and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Considering the infectious background, the immunomodulatory treatments, modest hypertension in the hours before the symptoms, and the distribution of the lesions on the CT scan, the most likely diagnosis is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: associated clinical and radiologic findings cache = ./cache/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254653-4ffuivil author = Cinelli, Matteo title = The COVID-19 social media infodemic date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5100 sentences = 289 flesch = 50 summary = We address the diffusion of information about the COVID-19 with a massive data analysis on Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Reddit and Gab. We analyze engagement and interest in the COVID-19 topic and provide a differential assessment on the evolution of the discourse on a global scale for each platform and their users. We fit information spreading with epidemic models characterizing the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] for each social media platform. Unlike previous works, we do not only focus on models that imply specific growth mechanisms, but also on phenomenological models that emphasize the reproducibility of empirical data 41 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Most of the epidemiological models focus on the basic reproduction number R 0 , representing the expected number of new infectors directly generated by an infected individual for a given time period 42 . Furthermore, we model the spread of information using epidemic models and provide basic growth parameters for each social media platform. cache = ./cache/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254796-wzb6qv7y author = Ford, James S. title = Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 101 flesch = 50 summary = title: Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk 4, 5 .In one study, in individuals who were asymptomatic at the time of confirmed COVID-19 infection, the median communicable period (defined as time from positive test to negative test) was 9.5 days (range 1-21 days), and approximately 21% of these patients went on to develop symptoms, suggesting that individuals may be infectious prior to the development of symptoms 5 . We included all ED patients who had a COVID-19 test ordered under the site's asymptomatic screening protocol, either in the ED or within 24 hours of admission from the ED. In this study, we describe the testing of asymptomatic ED patients for COVID-19 in a low-prevalence region of the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254727-d1pgjtjh author = Shao, Fei title = In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2975 sentences = 164 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. CONCLUSION: Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to present the clinical characteristics; clinical outcomes, including return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); and 30-day survival of patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA at the west campus of Union Hospital in Wuhan. We collected demographic, clinical, and outcome data of treated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and IHCA from an electronic medical record according Utstein style guidelines during the 40 days. In our study, there were numerous patients with severe pneumonia who were resuscitated in the general ward, resulting in a poor outcome when compared with those who received intensive care in the ICU. The overall ROSC and 30-day survival rates of IHCA patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan were poor. cache = ./cache/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254715-4dt8aqof author = Kander, Thomas title = Coagulation disorder in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 873 sentences = 48 flesch = 31 summary = In severe cases, the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to sepsis or septic shock as defined by the international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3), including life-threatening organ dysfunction. 2 In COVID-19-induced sepsis or septic shock, the respiratory manifestations such as severe dyspnoea and hypoxaemia are particularly obvious and pertinent and are also the basis for the grading of mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 infection, as suggested by the diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia published by National Health Commission in China. Pending the results of several randomised controlled trials (NCT04345848, NCT04366960, NCT04367831 and NCT04372589), the opinion of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis on thrombosis prophylaxis is that "a change of anticoagulant regimen from prophylactic low molecular weight heparin or intermediate-dose to treatment-dose regimen can be considered in patients without established venous thromboembolism, but deteriorating pulmonary status or acute respiratory distress syndrome". cache = ./cache/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254776-m4makxr8 author = Luo, Shiua title = A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 384 sentences = 32 flesch = 62 summary = title: A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has clearly entered a new stage with rapid spread in countries outside China [1] . Currently, a large number of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan have been cured and discharged. In Wuhan, China, all cured patients with COVID-19 are required to quarantine in either a designated hotel room or at home for 14 days [3] . We retrospectively evaluated the data of the recovered patients with COVID-19 in two different designated fever clinics in Wuhan, with a goal to provide relevant information about these patients. In this study, only 7.7‰ patients experienced recurrence during isolation and observation, and all presented with mild symptoms. Serological tests to identify antibodies played a key role in surveillance of recurrence of COVID-19 [4] . Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254782-fzuasf2o author = Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title = Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1399 sentences = 100 flesch = 59 summary = title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 Nurses' infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the knowledge, attitude, 68 practice, and psychological response towards the COVID-19 outbreak. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among health care 260 workers in Henan cache = ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254475-rdimnsmo author = Johnson, S. S. title = Excess Risk of COVID-19 to University Populations Resulting from In-Person Sporting Events date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4520 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with controlled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a low prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with controlled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a high prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with uncontrolled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a high prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254458-bbcef8xt author = Ali, Farhana title = Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is? date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1107 sentences = 76 flesch = 59 summary = The tragedy that is the US aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt, in which 60 percent of the 600 sailors who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were asymptomatic, further highlights the need for accurate laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19 disease [2] . make the case that testing of throat wash samples may be more sensitive than testing of NP swabs for COVID-19 disease. Interestingly, there is biologic plausibility that a sample collected via the oral cavity (such as a throat wash) may yield higher results than a NP swab test based on a study by Xu et al. Finally, the authors' detection of virus late in the patients' clinical course emphasizes the uncertainty faced by policy makers as they try to determine the optimal length of isolation for an individual recovering from COVID-19 disease. Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs cache = ./cache/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254667-yafcy8ul author = Sisto, Antonella title = The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients included in a bariatric surgery program date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4655 sentences = 217 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: Patients were consecutively enrolled during the Italian lockdown among those waiting for bariatric surgery or attending a post-bariatric follow-up, and were asked to complete through an online platform the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 and a self-assessment questionnaire of 22 items evaluating the resilience, change in eating behavior and emotional responses referring to the ongoing pandemic. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic (measured through a questionnaire whose scores were used as independent variable: emotionality domain, resilience domain and eating related) on DASS derived condition of depression, anxiety and stress used as the discrete dependent variable. Regarding the increased snacking, the univariate analysis showed that the three statuses from the DASS questionnaire Table 5 DASS derived depression, anxiety and stress as markers of lifestyle and eating related behavioral characteristic during COVID-19 pandemic in the post-bariatric population Oucomes: three discrete and separately analyzed outcomes from the interview questionnaire were used as dependent variables: increased hunger; increased snacking and increased impulsivity in eating. cache = ./cache/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254686-pclq855r author = Sanmugam, Anand title = Assess, adapt and act: a paediatric surgery division’s initial approach in a rapidly evolving pandemic date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3002 sentences = 139 flesch = 42 summary = The challenges faced by surgical specialties include, but are not limited to the risk of exposure to non-COVID-19 patients, transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs), judicious use and allocation of valuable resources such as ventilators, personal protective equipment (PPE), and blood products. The members of the paediatric surgery division of University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) assumed additional responsibilities to provide assistance to both frontline HCWs and the management, in areas in need of support. This study describes the adaptive measures taken and evolving roles of the members of this paediatric surgery division upon the characterisation of COVID-19 as a pandemic. The biggest challenge we faced were to formulate a set of guidelines that ensured the safety of patients and healthcare personnel alike, at a time when there was limited published literature on the delivery of paediatric surgical service during a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254628-706vpjsv author = Stewart, Claire R. title = Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 652 sentences = 53 flesch = 48 summary = 1 Despite appropriate precautions to reduce transmission risk, many dermatology faculty, residents, staff, and their families are at increased risk for COVID-19 infection while caring for patients. As stay at home orders expire, delayed surgeries and in-person semi-urgent appointments will be scheduled, with increased patient volume and heightened COVID-19 infection risk. 2 Those with comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, are at even higher risk for hospitalization substantiated by a case series of 5700 individuals hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection. 5 While limited data is available on pregnant women with COVID-19, early reports and lessons from other severe respiratory infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, suggest that pregnant women may be at increased risk for complications. To reduce risk of COVID-19 infection acquired in the workplace, we must maintain an adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enforce social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254494-wbfgrez1 author = Shi, Chunhong title = Barriers to Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes During COVID-19 Medical Isolation: A Qualitative Study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5751 sentences = 338 flesch = 45 summary = RESULTS: Barriers to diabetes self-management identified by patients with diabetes during isolation were categorized into five major themes: inadequate knowledge and behavioral beliefs, shortage of resources, suffering from health problems, negative emotions, and lack of support. Studies in developed countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Singapore have found that common barriers to self-management include poor communication between patients and healthcare providers, limited accessibility to healthcare facilities, lack of family support, inadequate disease knowledge and limited disease treatment methods, lack of motivation for change, physical and cognitive disorders, limited access to diabetes education, and financial barriers. This study addressed a gap in this field by interviewing patients with diabetes subjected to medical isolation after recovering from COVID-19 to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers to diabetes self-management, and provide new perspectives and approaches for the design of interventions and formulation of policies. cache = ./cache/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254771-698gl09v author = Ferriss, J. Stuart title = Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7565 sentences = 407 flesch = 43 summary = title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. This paper summarizes the changes that have taken place in fellowship education at the beginning of the pandemic and provides resources and recommendations for fellows, faculty, and program directors moving forward. These realities create new challenges in gynecologic oncology training, yet programs have an opportunity to design and implement competence-based assessment of surgical milestones. GYOEDU (www.gyoedu.org) is a free, collaborative effort to pool fellowship program resources and has resulted in a robust and evolving educational repository, including live and pre-recorded video-based lectures, study summaries, and clinical trial timelines, as well as a planned question bank. cache = ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254740-o80ssdrw author = McCann, Shaun R. title = COVID-19, HCT and wine date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 974 sentences = 70 flesch = 62 summary = Likewise, King's College Hospital, London, UK, has issued guidelines for patients undergoing HCT for Severe Aplastic Anaemia [4] as have the American Society for Hematology (ASH) [5] , the EBMT [6] and the Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand [7] . In general, the guidelines recommend that all nonessential transplants should be postponed (easier said than done), donors and patients should avoid all possible infection with COVID-19 and avoid travelling to areas designated as high-risk and all products should be cryopreserved. At the time of writing only one HCT recipient contracted COVID-19 infection in Ireland and happily made a full recovery (personal communication Dr E Conneally, National Stem Cell Transplant, Unit, St James' Hospital, Dublin). Although bees may not be important to wine farmers, the closure of restaurants and the problems of importing seasonal/migrant grape pickers impose difficulties in spite of the fact that in some instances seasonal/migrant workers live in the country where they are needed. cache = ./cache/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254737-pv68fb7d author = Imtyaz, Ayman title = Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3413 sentences = 195 flesch = 62 summary = The data that will be considered for the study are aggregated COVID-19 patient statistics like daily cases, deaths, recoveries, testing data, etc. The data used in the analysis conducted were obtained from publically available, and the government reported statistics on COVID-19 patients in their countries. Countries were separated into groups based on the percentage of their elderly population, and the COVID-19 mortality rate (total deaths/total cases). The mortality rate is the total number of deaths attributed to the virus divided by the total number of COVID-19 positive cases. The variance in the chart may/can be attributed to other factors, such as handling of COVID-19positive patients, methods of data collection and reporting, other population demographics like genetic makeup, trends in disease, disabilities, and malnutrition, competency, scale, and accessibility of the country's medical apparatus, economic status of the country (GDP, PPP, poverty levels, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254896-e6k1bp9n author = Posch, Martin title = Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2005 sentences = 106 flesch = 60 summary = The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Comparing the infection fatality rate estimates reported in [3] with the normal annual mortality rates for Austria, we see parallels as well -the estimated risk of death with COVID-19 is for the majority of age groups roughly as high as the normal risk of dying within 1-2 years (Fig. 3 , black dots). We also observe that the number of those who have died in Austria with COVID-19 per population size in the respective age and sex group have a similar exponential age dependency as the estimated infection fatality rates (Fig. 2a, b and 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254825-c5d0wul9 author = Kim, Sei Won title = Containment of a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea: A single-center experience date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 205 flesch = 49 summary = In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, contact history, and presence of respiratory symptoms in a single center with a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak. We reviewed the history of patients to assess whether they visited China or other high-risk countries within two weeks prior to the outbreak of healthcare-associated COVID-19, or if they came into contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases. After SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed, the Seoul city government announced the closure of the hospital on February 21, 2020, to prevent a healthcare-associated outbreak. After the hospital staff member responsible for transporting patients was confirmed as the first COVID-19 case, people with contact history, fever, or respiratory symptoms were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR (Fig 2) . After the first case was reported, epidemiologists from KCDC and the infection control unit of our hospital reviewed electronic medical charts, CCTV, and personal movements to identify individuals with potential contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254919-fi3inp67 author = Molina, Melanie F. title = Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 694 sentences = 42 flesch = 51 summary = title: Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 A patient presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and lower extremity weakness in the setting of nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Given the high concern for pulmonary embolism with the above findings, computed tomography (CT) was performed and analysis of 183 confirmed COVID-19 patients demonstrating an 11.5% death rate. This patient's coagulopathy may have been secondary to a combination of COVID-19 infection and N2O inhalant abuse leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. There are case reports illustrating a higher risk of VTE associated with chronic N2O inhalant abuse [6, 7] . Nitrous oxide leads to decreased Vitamin B12 levels with chronic abuse, which leads to increased homocysteinemia by inhibition of methionine synthase [7] . Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis caused by nitrous oxide abuse: A case report cache = ./cache/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254944-9f3wkvxp author = Pollak, Y. title = Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3235 sentences = 197 flesch = 50 summary = title: Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic To determine factors that predict non-adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19 during the chronic phase of the pandemic, a cross-sectional, general population survey was conducted in Israel. Among 2055 participants, non-adherence was associated with male gender, young age, bachelorhood, being employed, lower decrease in income, low physical activity, psychological distress, ADHD symptoms, past risk-taking and anti-social behavior, low pro-sociality, perceived social norms favoring non-adherence, low perceived risk of COVID-19, low perceived efficacy of the preventive measures, and high perceived costs of adherence to the preventive measures. Despite the potentially harmful consequences for individuals and public health, non-adherence to the preventive measures (non-APM) for the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly at the acute phase, has been reported around the world (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) . cache = ./cache/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254967-r7c0pxep author = Lai, Xue-Li title = Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1669 sentences = 122 flesch = 53 summary = The novel coronavirus and the disease it caused were named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), respectively, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on published research on COVID-19 and previous clinical practices for similar coronavirus outbreaks(e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome), we aimed to make recommendations to manage patients undergoing PD. Before entering hospitals or outpatient facilities, the patients and any accompanying individuals should correctly wear masks, report their epidemiological history, and indicate whether they have symptoms of a respiratory infection. Triage to the fever clinic is necessary when patients experience respiratory symptoms or are suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Based on the current knowledge about the virus, clinicians should provide practical assistance to patients on PD for the prevention and control of infection. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention cache = ./cache/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author = Mayer, Kirby P. title = Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3117 sentences = 169 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. The patient's family reported no travel history or exposure risk, but, given the Fig. 1 Chest radiograph obtained on day 1 of admission to intensive care unit revealed bibasilar airspace disease patient's clinical symptoms, a test for COVID-19 was performed. cache = ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255047-0kr4y753 author = Goletti, Orlando title = Factors Affecting Mortality in 1022 COVID-19 Patients Referred to an Emergency Department in Bergamo during the Peak of the Pandemic date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2469 sentences = 118 flesch = 47 summary = A total of 1022 COVID positive patients referred to the Emergency Department: 714 were admitted into the hospital (COVID department and ICU) with respiratory disease and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, 236 were discharged at home with therapy prescriptions and daily follow-up, and 72 were observed and treated in a section of the Emergency Department (Acute Admission Unit Level II, AAUL-2) and died before admission. This paper analyzes retrospectively the characteristics of deceased patients and describes the different distributions of parameters of severity of disease between two groups (those dead inside the hospital and those in AAUL-2). The multivariate analysis applied to the physiological and laboratory parameters, the symptoms, and the scores of severity of the disease was able to differentiate patients who died in AAUL-2 and those in the COVID department or in the ICU for the following indicators: asthenia, smoking history, Apache score, GCS, mean arterial pressure, pH, and CRP (Table 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254758-ubw0chrf author = Newbold, Stephen C. title = Effects of Physical Distancing to Control COVID-19 on Public Health, the Economy, and the Environment date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10214 sentences = 474 flesch = 50 summary = Using recent estimates of the association between airborne particulate matter and the virulence of COVID-19, we find that accounting for air pollution co-benefits can significantly increase the intensity and duration of the optimal physical distancing policy. We develop an integrated epidemiological-economic model that includes a standard model of disease transmission, the monetized value of COVID-19 deaths averted and lives saved from exposure to air pollution, and the short-and long-run costs of physical distancing. Initial results of these studies suggest that airborne particulate matter could have a significant positive mediating influence on COVID-19 fatalities, so we use our model to explore the potential effect of this link on the optimal physical distancing policy. To examine the potential importance of such a link for the optimal physical distancing policy, we include an interaction between air pollution and the COVID-19 case fatality ratio, which appears in Eq. cache = ./cache/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255119-l82o5fif author = Passerini, Giorgio title = A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7607 sentences = 387 flesch = 52 summary = The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to evaluate possible relations between the moving means of the meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, and relative humidity) and the moving mean of adjusted/unadjusted new daily cases. The most inclusive and impressive results are the values of PCC found for the time series related to the number of new daily infected individuals within the five selected Italian provinces, the daily mean temperatures as monitored at the related capitals, and the daily mean relative humidity values observed at the same stations. cache = ./cache/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254777-h8hw4m9f author = Tanner, Tamara title = Hyperinflammation and the utility of immunomodulatory medications in children with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4731 sentences = 248 flesch = 42 summary = Cytokine storm syndromes include various entities, depending on the inciting factor: primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis [HLH] in children with specific genetic mutations; secondary HLH due to infection or malignancy, macrophage activation syndrome due to rheumatologic disease and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) when hyperinflammation is due to CAR T-cell therapy. Although still under investigation, ADE has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the newly described MIS-C, based on the observation that a majority of the patients have evidence of existing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the inflammatory condition seems to lag behind the COVID-19 infection peak by approximately 4-6 weeks. The rationale for use of IL-6 blockade in serious COVID-19 infections is based on the observation that for the subset of patients with severe manifestations, IL-6 is most likely one of the drivers of the cytokine storm, and elevated levels of IL-6 have been consistently shown [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254837-zhxabt66 author = Giorgi, P. D. title = Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1648 sentences = 82 flesch = 45 summary = Here we present a case of symptomatic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in an elderly patient positive for COVID-19 with newly diagnosed MM, treated with kyphoplasty. Indeed, other reports on urgent spine surgery during the pandemic highlighted the benefit of treating two broad categories of spinal disease as urgencies: first, acute traumatic fractures with spinal instability; and second, spinal cord or nerve root compression with severe pain or neurological deficit [1, 2] . Answering our initial question on what is deferable during COVID-19 pandemic, we wanted to highlight how a non-considered urgent procedure such as kyphoplasty can be the key for a right treatment. Indeed, in this case report, our decision making was not in accordance with an expert opinion on what is considered as urgent spinal surgery but was instead tailored to the specific needs of the patient. Balloon kyphoplasty versus non-surgical fracture management for treatment of painful vertebral body compression fractures in patients with cancer: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255204-3qruat3s author = Osborne, Vicki title = Lopinavir-Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Dynamic Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5268 sentences = 242 flesch = 45 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based on currently available data, there was no clear benefit for the use of lopinavir-ritonavir compared to standard of care in severe COVID-19. Key benefits and risks were selected by clinician judgement, i.e. those considered to be of clinical importance or potentially serious, and included in the value tree, which provides a visual representation of these outcomes in the context of severe COVID-19 disease. Key benefits and risks associated with the use of LPVr were identified for inclusion in the value tree from available data sources, including the product information, regulatory assessment reports and published literature. Cases of acute kidney injury have been reported in patients taking LPVr in COVID-19; however, it is unclear whether there is any association, as this outcome was reported more frequently amongst patients in the standard of care comparator group [18] in addition to overall limited safety data availability. cache = ./cache/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255208-rbko9ecz author = Stevens, Ryan W. title = Time to Treat: Applying Lessons Learned from Other Viral Syndromes to SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2043 sentences = 108 flesch = 44 summary = Herein we describe the potential impact of time to therapy initiation on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and detail the existing data surrounding this topic in relation to remdesivir, convalescent plasma, lopinavir/ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine. A bulk of published COVID-19 literature to date has consisted of small observational studies, early reports of larger-scale retrospective data, and few randomized, controlled clinical trials. In theory this may also hold true for SARS-CoV-2, where earlier initiation of antiviral therapy during the early postexposure, minimally symptomatic phase, being likely to result in the greatest possible clinical benefit in the form of shortening the duration of illness, viral shedding, modulating the immune response, and subsequent prevention of hospitalization. For example, a study from China demonstrated that patients who received treatment within 6 days of symptom onset demonstrated shorter times to viral clearance as compared to those who received later therapy initiation. cache = ./cache/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255294-x0ezeaz6 author = Cilia, Roberto title = Effects of COVID‐19 on Parkinson's disease clinical features: a community‐based case‐control study date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2466 sentences = 127 flesch = 43 summary = Out of the 1092 records obtained by searching the Besta Institute clinical software for patients fulfilling the following criteria (i) International Classification of Diseases, Ninth-Revision, Clinical Modification code for parkinsonism 332.0, (ii) resident in the Lombardy region, northern Italy (which is by far the most affected area (>80.000 cases) with the highest case-fatality (>15.000 deaths) in Italy, as of to May 11 th , 2020), [16] (ii) visited at least once from January 01 st , 2019 to December 31 st , 2019, we performed a random selection of 150 PD for subsequent remote interview by a neurologist experienced in movement disorders (by video-consultation or telephone), [2, 17, 18] which was performed between April 15 th and May 4 th , 2020. Motor aspects of experiences of daily living and the severity of treatment-related motor complications were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II and IV, respectively; [20] non-motor symptoms (NMS) were assessed using of the Italian version of the NMS Scale (NMSS); [21] overall changes of motor and nonmotor features was additionally rated using the Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI-PD). cache = ./cache/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255101-l5ssz750 author = Daval, Mary title = Efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8946 sentences = 919 flesch = 63 summary = Objectif principal: Evaluer l'efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d'odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l'hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. L'objectif de cet essai randomisé contrôlé, bicentrique, est d'évaluer l'efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d'odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l'hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. Evaluer l'efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d'odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l'hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. cache = ./cache/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255364-slvcfj80 author = Tuty Kuswardhani, R.A. title = Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 175 flesch = 48 summary = title: Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of CCI score and a composite of poor outcomes through several databases. Thus, to delineate better the advantage of using CCI for risk stratifications in COVID-19 patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between CCI and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that higher CCI was associated with increased mortality and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255247-9mvbcyjg author = Nelson, Caleb P. title = Timing and outcomes of testicular torsion during the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3098 sentences = 135 flesch = 50 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using billing data, we identified all patients age >1yo seen in our hospital from 1/1/2018 through 5/31/2020 who underwent emergent scrotal exploration for confirmed testicular torsion, comparing the COVID-19 crisis (3/1/2020-5/31/20) to the pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2018-2/29/20). Using billing data, we identified all patients age >1yo seen in our hospital from 1/1/2018 through 5/31/2020 who underwent emergent scrotal exploration for confirmed testicular torsion, comparing the COVID-19 crisis (3/1/2020-5/31/20) to the pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2018-2/29/20). We hypothesized that since the start of the COVID-19 crisis in our region, patients with testicular torsion had longer time from symptom onset to initial presentation, longer total ischemic time, and higher rate of orchiectomy. Time to presentation, ischemic times, and orchiectomy rates for testicular torsion at our center were not significantly different during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding 2 year period. cache = ./cache/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254809-o454k6ae author = He, Bing title = The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4761 sentences = 276 flesch = 60 summary = Third, according to an analysis of nearly 45,000 confirmed cases, 19% of patients with COVID-19 have been identified as severe cases and critically ill cases, involving severe pneumonia and metabolic disorders, developing into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunctions (MODS), and even septic shock and death (9, 12) . In this study, we investigated mild cases and severe cases infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as healthy young children and adults. Our study suggests that monocytes, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes are associated with the onset and progress of COVID-19 infection, and immunopathogenesis was involved in ARDS, metabolic disorders, and MODS in severe cases. We collected the data of patients with COVID-19, including the clinical records, laboratory results and chest computed tomography (CT) scan images of mild and severe cases in the hospital. Extremely high levels of circulating lymphocytes and monocytes would benefit to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be associated with the low morbidity of COVID-19 in young children. cache = ./cache/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255360-yjn24sja author = O'Connor, Daryl B. title = Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11213 sentences = 501 flesch = 41 summary = The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255149-mqsk7kiz author = Gupta, Nikhil title = It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 500 sentences = 54 flesch = 68 summary = authors: Gupta, Nikhil; Agrawal, Himanshu title: It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown 1. All patients posted for elective surgery may have to undergo preoperative COVID-19 testing. 4. Wearing PPE kit by surgeons, anaesthetists, and nursing staff in doubtful cases will again inflate patient's bill. 6. We will have to be prepared for a scenario in which patient is negative for COVID-19 preoperatively but becomes symptomatic and positive after the surgery. Whether patient can demand test report of surgeon and other health care workers? If a confirmed/ suspected case requiring emergency surgery is brought to a nursing home/small setup which is not well equipped to deal with COVID-19 patients, what should a surgeon do? Association of Surgeons of India, being an umbrella body for all other surgical societies, should come up with detailed guidelines for post-COVID-19 era conducive for both patients and surgeons. AMASI (Association of Minimal Access Surgeons of India) guidelines for conducting minimal access surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255367-do9jw51z author = Fan, Qianqian title = Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 895 sentences = 60 flesch = 47 summary = title: Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation This report describes a patient with COVID-19 who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae during the course of the infection. This report describes the complete clinical course in a patient with COVID-19, who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae simultaneously. Consecutive chest CT scans demonstrated an eventual resolution of the pneumothorax and subpleural bullae on day 92, after recovery from pneumonia (Fig. 2B) . However, this report revealed that subpleural bullae and pneumothorax could completely resolve after recovery from COVID-19. This report described the complete radiological and clinical course of a COVID-19 patient with spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae. It indicated subpleural consolidation with a persistent cough might be a risk factor of spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254993-bndl93qr author = Sonnweber, Thomas title = Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients’ performance: a prospective observational cohort study date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3684 sentences = 192 flesch = 41 summary = To shed light on the regulation of iron metabolism and its impact on monocyte immune effector functions at the cellular level, we investigated the mRNA expression of key mediators of iron homeostasis as well as cytokine expression in PBMCs. In line with serum hepcidin measurements, we also found increased hepcidin mRNA (HAMP, for hepcidin antimicrobial peptide) expression in PBMCs isolated from subjects who previously had severe to critical COVID-19 as compared to those who suffered from milder disease (Fig. 2) . In contrast, the immune effector function of PBMCs was related to COVID-19 severity, as mononuclear cells obtained from patients, who suffered from severe to critical disease, demonstrated higher levels of interleukin 10 (IL10, p = 0.044) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF, p = 0.024) mRNA expression as compared to subjects with a milder course of COVID-19 (Fig. 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254817-e1niin4m author = Solomon, Daniel H. title = The “Infodemic” of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1817 sentences = 119 flesch = 53 summary = All rights reserved Some in the medical publishing world have observed an "infodemic" occurring alongside the pandemic. Two "front page" rheumatology examples and how their stories progressed demonstrate the infodemic: hydroxychloroquine and the cytokine storm. Three questions raised by these examples shine a light on the infodemic: 1) Did the scientific process during this phase of the COVID-19 pandemic progress in an appropriate manner? All rights reserved Few activities, including science, are best conducted as a "sprint." However, the COVID-19 pandemic killed so many people that speed was necessary. Many authors of COVID-19 papers can offer how the traditional review process did not work for them. Some of the communication problems have been with complex scientific issues: Does hydroxychloroquine work to prevent or treat COVID-19? Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 cache = ./cache/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255435-mr239gai author = Sher, Yelizaveta title = A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3528 sentences = 182 flesch = 35 summary = Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. Intravenous valproic acid (VPA; titrated to 1250 mg per day) was also started for management of agitation and symptoms of hyperactive delirium and to facilitate tapering of multiple other sedative deliriogenic medications. At our center, the following medications have been used in management of agitation in patients with COVID-19 ICU-associated hyperactive delirium, including the described patient, with following considerations. cache = ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255381-mnmliv4e author = Peng, Min title = Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3392 sentences = 172 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, this study aim to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in the general population quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen. For example, a study in Toronto reported that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among quarantined individuals during SARS was 31.2% (Hawryluck et al., 2004) , and their sample was a mixture of the general public and medical staff (Hull, 2005) . For example, a study in Taiwan reported that after SARS control, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the general population was 3.7%，with mixed samples including subjects with or without quarantine experience (Ko, Yen, Yen, & Yang, 2006) . Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in quarantined general population in Shenzhen, China; and 2) the association between depressive symptom and demographic or clinical characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255173-69t521o3 author = Papa, Annalisa title = Not all that glitters is COVID! Differential diagnosis of FDG-avid interstitial lung disease in low-prevalence regions date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1741 sentences = 96 flesch = 41 summary = We briefly summarise some key radiological elements of differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases which, in our opinion, could be extremely useful for physicians reporting (18)FDG PET/CT scans, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for their normal routine activity. This case reminded us that, while a prompt recognition of COVID-19 is critically important in order to limit the diffusion of the disease among the healthcare staff and the general population, physicians reporting hybrid PET/CT scans should also keep alert for all serious conditions that may present with similar imaging features, particularly in the most fragile patients. The main radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia include multifocal or diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and "crazy-paving" pattern with a predominant subpleural distribution (Hani et al. Severe COVID-19 lung involvement and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) may show identical imaging features, that is bilateral and diffuse GGOs and/or "crazy-paving" pattern. cache = ./cache/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255221-v4r2ek6a author = Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title = Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italy: Analysis of Risk Factors and Proposed Remedial Measures date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2190 sentences = 103 flesch = 52 summary = Until March 28, 2020, there were ∼90,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease in Italy, with 26,000 in-patients, 3,800 patients in intensive care units (ICUs), 40,000 positive in home isolation, and 10,000 deaths, according to the Italian Civil Protection bulletin 1 . Italy currently has the highest COVID-19 mortality rate worldwide, even compared to the People's Republic of China where the number of COVID-19 deaths totaled over 3,000 cases, including potential re-infections. The Lombardy region has a higher number of intensive care and resuscitation beds compared to southern Italy; unfortunately, these places are fast running out of hospital beds and facing challenges in the provision of primary care for conditions other than COVID-19, necessitating the transfer of numerous patients to other regions 4 . cache = ./cache/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255389-2fufd0ba author = Razonable, Raymund R. title = Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1024 sentences = 62 flesch = 37 summary = title: Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Herein, we describe our strategies for developing and successfully implementing a clinical guidance that assists our health care providers in caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Likewise, we developed a COVID-19 Treatment Registry that allows us to monitor our clinical practice and optimize our management guidance on the basis of our evolving clinical experience. The clinical guidance has been continually updated and made available to health care providers on a dedicated institutional COVID-19 webpage. This clinical team rapidly developed expertise in COVID-19 care because they served as consultants to frontline health care providers. The COVID-19 clinical guidance continues to evolve as new information is gathered from our clinical experience and as updated management strategies are published in the literature. cache = ./cache/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255457-jlbg8jdv author = Li, Jiawei title = Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2906 sentences = 169 flesch = 61 summary = RESULT: There was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of ground glass opacities, consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, fiber cable shadow and axial interstitial thickening between the study group and control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we have explored the application of low-dose chest CT scans in the follow-up of patients with COVID-19 using Care Dose 4D combined with Karl's 3D iterative reconstruction technology compared with conventional-dose chest CT. cache = ./cache/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255461-i5kw4z5g author = D'Marco, Luis title = Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 998 sentences = 58 flesch = 47 summary = Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and estimations report that ∼30-40% of DM patients will develop DKD. In this regard, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with most of the excess of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. Due to how quickly it has spread, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, will probably emerge as one of the most relevant infectious diseases of this century. Evidence reported that COVID-19 represents a real threat for patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic impairment (6, 7) . Indeed, more severe cases with higher rates of mortality have been reported in older patients and in those with chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255376-nqq5ieyg author = Safdar, Muhammad title = COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women's negotiated identity in Pakistan date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7041 sentences = 281 flesch = 46 summary = It has been found that the pandemic has similarity in its impacts for the women in their familial lives, despite their being variously situated and resistive, due to the general religio-culturally defined patriarchal social behaviour of the place (Pakistan) toward women and lack of will and action on the part of the state for implementing its laws of women's empowerment. Though gender-defining intersectional factors like social status, class, education, economic independence, locality, interpretation of religion and physical beauty usually intervene to influence a woman's empowerment in the family, this study finds that, in addition to the influence of these factors, the general dominant social behaviour toward women and the lack of will and action/infrastructure on the part of the government to ensure women's empowerment are major factors which even worsen their condition during a crisis like COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255405-o8ilxqo1 author = Sharma, V. K. title = Modelling of Covid-19 cases in India using Regression and Time Series models date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4021 sentences = 238 flesch = 64 summary = In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of Covid-19 pandemic in India from March 4th to May 15th using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as Exponential Smoothing and Holt-Winters models. Further, we have searched the best fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and CAIC (Consistent Akaike Information Criterion) and forecasted the number of cases for future days. Ceylan [4] suggested the use of Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to develop and predict the epidemiological trend of Covid-19 for better allocation of resources and proper containment of the virus in Italy, Spain and France. In this article, we first study the growth curve using regression methods (exponential, linear and polynomial etc.) and propose an optimal model for fitting the cases till May 15 th . cache = ./cache/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255365-fog62qdu author = Goldstein, Neal D. title = On the importance of early testing even when imperfect in a pandemic such as COVID-19 date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 83 flesch = 49 summary = bias in identified cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections will vary in the face of unknown data surrounding test sensitivity and specificity. The true prevalence of COVID-19 will vary in the tested population (e.g., whether a drive-thru public event, clinical referral, group home, etc.), therefore we allowed for a hypothetical range from 0% to 50%. When the true prevalence of COVID-19 infection is low, as at the start of a pandemic, there will be a greater number of false positives, even under excellent specificity. If we assume 25% prevalence of disease in the tested population, we could realistically anticipate between 0 and 75 false positive results, and between 0 and 100 false negative results per 1000 tests. Serosurveys employing antibody assays can thereby inform public health surveillance regarding the extent of the population who have been infected at any point with SARS-CoV-2, and track herd immunity thresholds. cache = ./cache/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255103-ckecol7i author = Lau, Hien title = Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 101 flesch = 57 summary = A crude case-fatality risk (cCFR) and adjusted case-fatality risk (aCFR) was calculated for China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States. Differences in testing availability and capacity, containment as well as overall health care and medical infrastructure result in significantly different mortality rates and COVID-19 case numbers for each respective country. This study, therefore, aims to assess the extent of COVID-19 undertesting and underreporting based on reported and estimated mortality per case in multiple global epicenters, including China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States [5, 6] . The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths for Asia (China, South Korea, Japan), Europe (Italy, France, Spain, Germany), Iran and the United States were sourced from the COVID-19 situation reports made publicly available by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 20 th , 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255473-kizyv6mp author = Ferrari, D. title = Machine learning in predicting respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia - challenges, strengths, and opportunities in a global health emergency date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3414 sentences = 182 flesch = 46 summary = This analysis aimed to determine a 48 hours prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, as assessed with PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mmHg, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study outcome was the onset of moderate to severe respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg ([≥] 13.3 kPa) in at least one of two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses in the following 48 hours. The aim of this study was to estimate a 48 hour prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study outcome was the onset of moderate to severe respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio <150 mmHg in at least one of two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses in the following 48 hours. The aim of this study was to have a 48 hour prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255492-50vo8bnc author = Thureau, Sébastien title = Adapting palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases during the Covid-19 pandemic: GEMO position paper date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1795 sentences = 109 flesch = 47 summary = This is particularly the case for radiotherapy of bone metastases for which it is possible to reduce the number of sessions, the frequency of transport and the complexity of treatments. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. It is essential to adapt the medical treatment as much as possible and to avoid palliative radiotherapy in patients controlled by level 1 to 3 oral analgesics. -Statement 1: Palliative radiotherapy remains an important option for patients experiencing significant pain, diminished quality of life and reduced autonomy as a result of bone metastases. cache = ./cache/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255440-ls1l2mlg author = Tindle, Courtney title = Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9951 sentences = 525 flesch = 53 summary = Besides the approaches described so far, there are a few more approaches used for modeling COVID-19-(i) 3D organoids from bronchospheres and tracheospheres have been established before (Hild and Jaffe, 2016; Rock et al., 2009; Tadokoro et al., 2016) and are now used in apical-out cultures for infection with SARS-COV-2 (Suzuki et al., 2020); (ii) the most common model used for drug screening is the air-liquid interphase (ALI model) in which pseudo-stratified primary bronchial or small airway epithelial cells are used to recreate the multilayered mucociliary epithelium (Mou et al., 2016; Randell et al., 2011) ; (iii) several groups have also generated 3D airway models from iPSCs or tissue-resident stem cells (Dye et al., 2015; Ghaedi et al., 2013; Konishi et al., 2016; McCauley et al., 2017; Miller et al., 2019; Wong et al., 2012) ; (iv) others have generated AT2 cells from iPSCs using closely overlapping protocols of sequential differentiation starting with definitive endoderm, anterior foregut endoderm, and distal alveolar expression (Chen et al., 2017; Gotoh et al., 2014; Huang et al., 2014; Jacob et al., 2017; Jacob et al., 2019; Yamamoto et al., 2017) . cache = ./cache/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255525-7w5u789h author = de Sales, Anderson Ribeiro title = The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 999 sentences = 66 flesch = 43 summary = title: The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding El signo de halo invertido y la covid-19: Posibles mecanismos histopatológicos relacionados con la aparición de este hallazgo radiológico The disease presents challenging clinical, pathophysiological, laboratory, and histopathological aspects that have been the subject of research in practically all countries in the world. [1] [2] [3] Another tomographycal finding recently related to COVID-19 pneumonia is the reversed halo sign (RHS). Although some authors have reported the appearance of the RHS in later stages of the disease, during the evolution of the pulmonary infectious process, 1,2 other authors have described its presence in the first days after symptom onset. 12 This finding suggests that the disease course of COVID-19 might be similar to those of other viral infections, with early progression to organizing pneumonia and presentation of the RHS. cache = ./cache/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255572-tbrdis86 author = Norton, Alice title = Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8742 sentences = 373 flesch = 45 summary = The UKCDR Epidemics Preparedness and Response Funders Group 4 and the GloPID-R Key Funders group have each been meeting at least fortnightly during the pandemic to strengthen UK and global COVID-19 research funding coordination activities respectively, informed by the data and analysis from the tracker. To capture information on the type of research taking place in relation to COVID-19 with a stable classification system that is comparable to research on other health topics, the projects included in the tracker were also assessed against the research activity codes outlined by the Health Research Classification System (HRCS) -a classification system developed by UK Clinical Research Collaboration and used by health research funders around the world to classify "the full spectrum of biomedical and health research -from basic to applied -across all areas of health and disease." 10 . cache = ./cache/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255326-ito3q8da author = YOUMNI, A. title = Exploring Causal relationship between risk factors and vulnerability to COVID-19Cases of Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Portugal, Morocco and South Africa date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3908 sentences = 214 flesch = 58 summary = To do this, We used Multiple linear regression in our approach to modeling the relationship between the dependent variable (DV): vulnerability to COVID19 (which we presented by number of totals inhospital infected cases per million for each country) and the independent variables, probable risk factors approved by other studies, which are: median age, aged 65+, population density, international arrivals, BMI, diabetes prevalence, and temperature. We conducted multiple linear regression in our approach to modeling the relationship between the dependent variable : vulnerability to COVID19 (which we presented by number of totals in-hospital infected cases per million for each country) and the independent variables scores: median age, aged 65+, population density, international arrivals, BMI, diabetes prevalence, and temperature. cache = ./cache/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255495-xnoppq3y author = Elrashdy, Fatma title = On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7523 sentences = 353 flesch = 47 summary = It is possible that this "Trojan horse" strategy represents possible explanation for the re-appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7–14 day post discharge, suggesting that viral material was hidden within such exosomes or extracellular vesicles during this "silence" time period and then started to re-spread again. The fact that SARS-CoV-2 can be present within the vacuoles or double membrane vesicles (DMVs) within the host cells was proven by the careful post-mortem histopathological analysis of the renal samples of patients with COVID-19 by light microscopy, electron microscopic examination, and immunostaining (Farkash et al., 2020; Su et al., 2020) . Is this "Trojan horse" strategy of the release of the SARS-CoV-2-loaded exosomes or EDMVs represent a reasonable explanation for the appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7-14 day post discharge? cache = ./cache/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255513-h8v6hba4 author = Atar, Shaul title = An Invited Commentary on “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review” date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 551 sentences = 35 flesch = 55 summary = title: An Invited Commentary on "The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review" (1) for the excellent up-to-date review on the socio-economic outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of all the published data in the digital media, the COVID-19 pandemic raised a lot of concern among patients, especially the elderly and those with chronic diseases. (2) , the authors reported a significant delay in time to seeking medical help in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. These telemedicine systems should be simple, convenient and affordable for real-time consultation between patients and care providers, between rural or community hospitals and surgeons in centers of expertise, for improved decision-making in emergency and routine daily situations (3) . The COVID-19 pandemic should be the spark that will ignite the fire of reachable and affordable global telemedicine. The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong cache = ./cache/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255586-wshvvgxg author = He, Shengyang title = Clinical characteristics of “re-positive” discharged COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2920 sentences = 163 flesch = 45 summary = The demographic features, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, comorbidities, co-infections, treatments, illness severities and chest CT scan results of 267 patients were collected from 1st January to 15th February 2020. | (2020) 10:17365 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74284-6 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ disease progression, no differences were found, suggesting this group of COVID-19 patients could be difficult to detect by using standard clinical data. All raw clinical and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical records system of the Central Hospital of Wuhan, followed by a follow up visit up to 14 days (also known as the discharge quarantine) to test for a re-positive nucleic acid assay. Definition of "re-positive": when a confirmed COVID-19 patient is detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive during the 14 days post-discharge quarantine (random test timing). Since understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking, a careful discharge protocol should be applied (e.g. negative results of the nucleic acid tests of respiratory pathogens for 3 consecutive times), and post-discharge quarantine should be strictly observed, especially for severe and critical COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255604-hnbzidf3 author = Liu, Liping title = Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1262 sentences = 82 flesch = 61 summary = 1 This pandemic has presented a major challenge to the care of patients with other medical conditions such as stroke, which affects 1 in 4 people over the age of 25 in their lifetime and kills about 5.5 million each year. 4 The latest survey data collected from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance showed that among 328 hospitals during the period of pandemic, the admission rate of patients who had a stroke decreased by as much as 60%-80%. In addition, the ability of a hospital to care for patients who had a stroke may diminish due to the need to minimise exposure and reallocate work force and resources. Fourth, healthcare providers, including emergency medical physicians, are being infected at a higher percentage in certain countries, which may decrease the work force providing stroke care. 16 Based on these statements and a need to call for uninterrupted stroke care during this pandemic, this work group has composed the following recommendations: cache = ./cache/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255466-g3b283ym author = Bhagra, Ojas title = An Integrated and Intergenerational Community Response to Promote Holistic Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1791 sentences = 75 flesch = 44 summary = In addition to HCWs needing community support to relieve the strain of massive patient influxes, pandemics take immense tolls on the mental, emotional, and holistic wellbeing of communities through the lack of connectivity due to isolation, social distancing, and cancellations of major social and life events 5 . We aim to provide a framework for an integrated, intergenerational community response to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing of HCWs and communities. Mobilizing the community to aid mask shortages directly helps another major impact: a massive toll on HCWs' emotional and mental health. It is important to recognize the impact a community can have on improving the mental health of HCWs by addressing their emotional and spiritual needs during a time of crisis. An integrated, intergenerational community response is essential to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing during a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255476-p0gyyl3c author = Hsu, Albert L. title = Placental SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID‐19 Disease date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3310 sentences = 232 flesch = 53 summary = Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.(1) COVID‐19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non‐pregnant women.(2) OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in a woman with mild COVID‐19 disease, then review the literature. Evidence of placental COVID‐19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission – especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID‐19 in early pregnancy. In this case study, we present a case of placental SARS-CoV-2 virus in a woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy and mild COVID-19 disease. To date, there is still no other published work about SARS-CoV-2 virus by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of women with mild COVID-19 disease. Despite her having mild COVID-19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus across the placenta. Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth cache = ./cache/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255474-7fq9culd author = Alifano, Marco title = Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2599 sentences = 124 flesch = 38 summary = We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. 6 Although concurrent cardiovascular disease might explain increased mortality in a severe infection responsible for respiratory failure and deterioration of cardiac function, the observations on hypertension warrant urgent speculation and reflection, while waiting for results of large-scale studies evaluating the independent value of each risk factor. cache = ./cache/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255602-3pzh5ur9 author = Moscadelli, Andrea title = Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4590 sentences = 213 flesch = 51 summary = We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent "fake news" during that period. We used the BuzzSumo pplication [38] in order to gather the most shared links or posts on the Internet and social media related to SARS-CoV-2 and the Covid-19 pandemic. The 9 keywords were chosen in a consensus meeting of the research group, since they were the most likely to uncover health-related false information using the BuzzSumo search engine, and specifically fake news that would not meet our exclusion criteria. An article was immediately excluded when the content did not deal specifically with health or science, i.e., the focus may have been on the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic, which was a topic we excluded from our fake news review. cache = ./cache/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255600-2xs29l81 author = Nazroo, J. title = Evidence for ethnic inequalities in mortality related to COVID-19 infections: Findings from an ecological analysis of England and Wales date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3907 sentences = 178 flesch = 47 summary = This estimate suggests that the average England and Wales COVID-19 related death rate would rise by 25% in a local authority with twice the average number of ethnic minority people. Importantly, adjustments are rarely made for the younger age profile of ethnic minority people, nor for the potentially increased exposure to COVID-19 infection that results from their greater concentration in areas with a high population density, or greater risk from infection associated with higher levels of pollution. To do this we use the most recent release of data, accurate estimates of the size and ethnic composition of the population in local authorities, and a modelling approach that accounts for some potential explanations for the higher risk faced by ethnic minority people. Table 1 presents the results of the crude descriptive models, showing unadjusted coefficients for the relationship between proportion of the population in a local authority who are of an ethnic minority group and the COVID-19 related death rate. cache = ./cache/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255695-10stetqg author = Riad, Abanoub title = Oral Candidiasis in Non‐Severe COVID‐19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 770 sentences = 52 flesch = 41 summary = Bacterial/fungal coinfection is a suggested etiological theory for the COVID‐19 related oral manifestations that may trigger overprescribing of broad‐spectrum antibiotics for COVID‐19 patients, especially for the ones who experience a longer course of the infection. Rigorous reporting of the clinical scenarios of fungal complications such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) which could cause life‐threatening candidemia may help in understanding the ongoing pandemic and the potential role of dentists in frontline teams.(1,2) Therefore, we aim to describe a non‐severe COVID‐19 case with oral candidiasis according to the CARE guidelines.(3) Dear Editor, Bacterial/fungal coinfection is a suggested etiological theory for the COVID-19 related oral manifestations that may trigger overprescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics for COVID-19 patients, especially for the ones who experience a longer course of the infection. Heretofore, only one cohort of 53 hospitalised COVID-19 cases with OPC was reported where cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were the most common underlying conditions in addition to other risk factors such as old age, ICU admission, lymphocytopenia, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroids. cache = ./cache/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255625-4r6ng57a author = Graffigna, Guendalina title = “Cultivating” acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination program: Lessons from Italy date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 630 sentences = 41 flesch = 52 summary = Citizens need to be engaged in a deep process of psychological acceptance, in order to adopt a socially responsible approach to COVID-19 preventive behaviors [4, 5] . Chi-squared and z-tests showed that the percentage of willing people is significantly higher amongst those who agree with the statement ''I have the primary responsibility for preventing the infection by COVID-19" (63%) when compared with those who disagree (42.6%). Moreover, our data showed that the percentage is higher amongst those people who agree that preventive behaviours are an act of social responsibility (64.1%), when compared to those who don't agree (24.9%). Engaging citizens towards the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is a urgent challenge that the public health community needs to face. In our opinion, developing a COVID-19 public vaccination program should start from considering people's attitudes to engage them in an educational campaign focused on fostering the citizens-science alliance. cache = ./cache/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255817-asdjlq07 author = Ozaras, Resat title = An open call for influenza vaccination pending the new wave of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 521 sentences = 43 flesch = 55 summary = Another study from Wuhan, including the period of 28 January-29 February 2020, reported the rate of influenza co-infection among critically ill COVID-19 patients as 49.5%. reported 2.7% influenza co-infections among COVID-19 patients, in their study from January 22-February 2. Therefore, studies from the influenza season reported very high rates of co-infection. A recent research found moderate to strong correlation between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy. In elderly, both influenza and COVID-19 have higher rates of mortality. Another study from Wuhan, including the period of 28 January 2020 to 29 February 2020, reported the rate of influenza coinfection among critically ill COVID-19 patients as 49.5%. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255883-mz6nyisw author = Asif, Muhammad title = COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5273 sentences = 283 flesch = 44 summary = Essential oils (EOs) have long been known to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and antiviral properties and are being proposed to have activity against SARC-CoV-2 virus. An in vitro study conducted by Hoffmann and colleagues revealed that SARC-CoV-2 depends on cellular serine protease (TMPRSS2) for S proteins priming which are known to interact with human ACE2 receptors in the lungs and facilitate entry into the cells. The authors opted the following keywords to find relevant studies: "essential oils", "antiviral", "COVID-19", "SARC-CoV-2", "bronchodilation", "immunomodulatory'', "anti-inflammatory'', "corona virus''. Thus, on the basis of these docking and in vitro studies, it is proposed that garlic essential oils and their isolated constituents, especially DAS, have potential to prevent the entry of virus into host cells as well as to activate molecular antioxidant pathways that decrease the secretions of culprit pro-inflammatory cytokines. Essential oils have long been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties and are being proposed to have activity against SARC-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255694-cdpsy36f author = Dobler, Claudia C. title = Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1203 sentences = 59 flesch = 46 summary = title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 Breathe Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler on how #COVID19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice https://bit.ly/3cX0jpO COVID-19, however, also highlights and amplifies some of the challenges clinical research and practice are facing in general. There are numerous trials on different drug interventions competing for the same pool of COVID-19 patients, many with poor study design (e.g. small sample size, no comparator group, not randomised, single centre and no study protocol publicly available) [1] . On 17 May 2020, 1528 studies were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov using the term "COVID", of which only three were randomised trials to assess NIPPV, despite the urgent need for evidence to inform clinical practice in this area. Clinicians' cognitive biases: a potential barrier to implementation of evidence-based clinical practice COVID-19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice cache = ./cache/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255665-srvz2ay0 author = Ferrari, Marco title = COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2481 sentences = 156 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions The study included all patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia for HNC at two Italian tertiary referral academic hospitals during the peak of the pandemic diffusion of to an internal "grey zone" of COVID-19 surveillance, submitted to further blood tests, chest CT, and nasal/nasopharyngeal swab while maintaining strict isolation. The following data were extracted from institutional databases: patient-related including the 2-week post-discharge period) was considered as the gold standard evaluation (i.e. patients developing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 through nucleic acid-based test on respiratory secretions in this time frame were considered as "false negative" of the screening; cache = ./cache/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255752-ofph98ac author = Chegondi, Madhuradhar title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Associated With Febrile Status Epilepticus in a Child date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1615 sentences = 113 flesch = 55 summary = Infection associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. The emerging literature suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect children, including all age groups, predominantly males, and cause milder disease compared to adult patients [2, 3] . We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. A retrospective study from China reported that common neurological symptoms in adult patients with COVID-19 include headache, dizziness, and rarely seizures [12] . Our index case illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 can present with febrile seizure and febrile status epilepticus in children. cache = ./cache/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author = Sirimaturos, Michael title = Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4095 sentences = 205 flesch = 36 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. While several reports on tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients now exist, data pertaining specifically to tocilizumab use in a large cohort of critically ill patients on invasive ventilation is lacking (11, 12) . Thus, in this report, we describe the 21-day outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 who received tocilizumab as part of their management strategy. Our report of tocilizumab in patients exclusively receiving invasive mechanical ventilation demonstrates a 21-day mortality of 21% and clinical improvement at day 21 in 58% of patients with severe disease. Preliminary data from the placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir, which subsequently led to its emergency use authorization by the FDA for treatment of severe COVID-19, do not demonstrate differences in recovery or mortality rates between the remdesivir and placebo groups among patients on invasive ventilation (21) . cache = ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255867-moriv0va author = Sheth, Parth D. title = Development of a Surgical Workforce Access Team (SWAT) in the Battle Against COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1385 sentences = 79 flesch = 54 summary = We set out to answer the following three We ultimately decided that creating a vascular access team would allow us to best 17 address each of these questions, while utilizing our unique skillset to assist the hospital's efforts with ICU providers in heavily affected areas such as Italy, New York, and Washington, we 5 became aware that these line placement procedures consumed a large portion of time for critical 6 care providers. We worked with our institutional leadership to establish a 9 vascular access team with clear, strong guidelines to signal our commitment to the critical care 10 teams; in particular, we established the following key parameters (Table I) : 11 12 • The team will be responsible 24/7 for placing all central venous lines, arterial lines, and 13 temporary dialysis catheters for inpatients on the main campus of our hospital system. cache = ./cache/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255603-quuju9h4 author = Kumar, Aishwarya title = A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3299 sentences = 177 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. For example, early in the outbreak when China initiated its response to virus it focused on artificial intelligence (AI) by relying on like facial recognition cameras to track the infected patients with travel history, robots to deliver food and medicines, drones to disinfect public places, to patrol and broadcast audio messages to public encouraging them to stay at home [1] . In recent writings, it has been discovered that a few research works use artificial intelligence to help analyze computational tomography (CT) scans, while other research works use patient's clinical information to predict the advancement of the infection [7, 8] . cache = ./cache/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255631-516epnjw author = Syeda, H. B. title = The Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle COVID-19 Crisis: A Systematic Review. date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6751 sentences = 469 flesch = 46 summary = Results: The 128 publications selected were classified into three themes based on ML applications employed to combat the COVID-19 crisis: Computational Epidemiology (CE), Early Detection and Diagnosis (EDD), and Disease Progression (DP). This study focused on peer-reviewed publications, as well as, preprints that applied ML techniques to analyze and address COVID-19 crisis on different scales including diagnostics, prognostics, disease spread forecast, omics, and drug development. We identified forty studies that primarily focused on diagnosing COVID-19 in patients with suspected infection mostly using chest radiological images such as Computed Tomography (CT), X-Radiation (X-Ray), and Lung Ultrasound (LUS). In our review, we identified one study by Roy et al [126] who used a deep learning model on annotated LUS COVID-19 dataset to predict disease severity. The goal of the study was to develop a decision support tool that integrates readily available lab results from EHRs. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has strained global healthcare systems, especially ICUs, due to hospitalized patients having higher ICU transfer rates [133] . cache = ./cache/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256008-lwki1rzc author = Sekeroglu, Boran title = Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6949 sentences = 348 flesch = 46 summary = When the images fed ConvNets directly (Experiments 11-17), we observed that the increment of the convolutional layer number of ConvNets reduces the scores obtained by the neural network up to 4%, similar to COVID-19/Normal results. Similar results were obtained in the experiments, and nB produced the highest mean ROC AUC, mean sensitivity, and mean accuracy scores (88.92, 80.00, and 96.96%, respectively) for statistical measurement experiments of COVID-19/Pneumonia classification. Inception-V3 produced higher results than other pre-trained networks; however, the highest mean ROC AUC score in transfer learning experiments was obtained by DenseNet121 (96.48%). In COVID-19/Normal classification, the highest mean specificity (when the 100.0% scores of pre-trained networks are not considered because of not learning another class) and the highest mean accuracy results were obtained in Exp.14 (99.78 and 99.11%, respectively), which consisted of the deepest architecture in ConvNet experiments ( Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255719-vhjmkrlb author = Manghat, Nathan E. title = Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient - An Unrecognised Complication date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 442 sentences = 29 flesch = 39 summary = title: Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient An Unrecognised Complication A 73 year old female patient presented 14 days post aortic valve replacement (AVR) for bicuspid valve stenosis; she was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and retinal artery embolism. A 73 year old female patient presented 14 days post aortic valve replacement (AVR) for bicuspid valve stenosis; she was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and retinal artery embolism. Although venous thromboembolism is now well-documented in COVID-19 patients, this case highlights the increased risks of systemic arterial embolism following recent cardiac procedures; it also serves as a timely reminder of the consequences of COVID-19 and the radiological vigilance required in identifying AVR thrombosis on acute cardiothoracic CT. cache = ./cache/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255669-gpc5k7lf author = de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel title = Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 144 sentences = 18 flesch = 47 summary = key: cord-255669-gpc5k7lf authors: de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel; Valdés-Florido, María José; López-Díaz, Álvaro title: Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date: 2020-07-02 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 255669 cord_uid: gpc5k7lf nan results of a scoping review. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis Brief Psychotic Disorder Triggered by Fear of Coronavirus? Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical perspectives from a case series Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis Psychological Support System for Hospital Workers During the Covid-19 Outbreak: Rapid Design and Implementation of the Covid-Psy Hotline cache = ./cache/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255884-0qqg10y4 author = Chiroma, H. title = Early survey with bibliometric analysis on machine learning approaches in controlling coronavirus date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13197 sentences = 767 flesch = 47 summary = Therefore, the main goal of this study is to bridge this gap by carrying out an in-depth survey with bibliometric analysis on the adoption of machine-learning-based technologies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective, including an extensive systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis. Moreover, the machine-learning-based algorithm predominantly utilized by researchers in developing the diagnostic tool is CNN mainly from X-rays and CT scan images. We believe that the presented survey with bibliometric analysis can help researchers determine areas that need further development and identify potential collaborators at author, country, and institutional levels to advance research in the focused area of machine learning application for disease control. (2020) proposed a joint model comprising CNN, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron integrated with chest CT scan result and non-image clinical information to predict COVID-19 infection in a patient. cache = ./cache/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255941-uc6z0vuu author = Desai, Mauli title = “The Importance of Considering Olfactory Dysfunction During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in Clinical Practice” date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1436 sentences = 96 flesch = 52 summary = The emergence of a worldwide pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and frequent reports of smell loss in COVID-19 infected patients has brought new attention to this very important sense. Data is emerging that smell impairment is a prominent symptom in COVID-19 and that this coronavirus behaves differently in causing olfactory dysfunction compared to other respiratory viruses. Olfactory dysfunction negatively impacts quality of life, as sense of smell is important for flavor perception and the enjoyment of food. Allergists and immunologists frequently encounter anosmia and hyposmia in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and will likely see more infection-induced olfactory dysfunction in the era of COVID-19. Globally, as of August 15th 2020, more than 20 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 59 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).(1) Early in the 60 global pandemic, evidence emerged that many people with COVID-19 present with loss of smell 61 and/or taste. cache = ./cache/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255909-m94j1rh4 author = Shree, Priya title = Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5495 sentences = 316 flesch = 49 summary = title: Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study Molecular docking study showed six probable inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) (Main protease), two from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (Withanoside V [10.32 kcal/mol] and Somniferine [9.62 kcal/mol]), one from Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) (Tinocordiside [8.10 kcal/mol]) and three from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) (Vicenin [8.97 kcal/mol], Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte [8.55 kcal/mol] and Ursolic acid [8.52 kcal/mol]). Active phytoconstituents of Ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) predicted to significantly hinder main protease (M(pro) or 3Cl(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study, Withanoside V, Somniferine, Tinocordiside, Vicenin, Ursolic acid and Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte were anticipated to impede the activity of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). cache = ./cache/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255940-chb4iuis author = Walton, David A. title = Facility-Level Approaches for COVID-19 When Caseload Surpasses Surge Capacity date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1801 sentences = 99 flesch = 49 summary = We present two COVID-19 treatment center designs that leverage lessons learned from previous outbreaks of communicable infectious diseases and provide potential solutions when caseload exceeds existing capacity, with and without access to SARS-CoV-2 testing. These designs are intended for settings in which health facilities and testing resources for COVID-19 are surpassed during the pandemic, are adaptable to local conditions and constraints, and mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial transmission while offering an option to care for hospitalized patients. To respond to the immediate crisis facing health workers and patients, we propose a COVID-19 treatment center design ( Figure 1 ) that harnesses lessons learned from other outbreaks and adheres to infection prevention and control principles recommended by the WHO for the novel coronavirus. The design assumes that two thresholds have been reached: first, the health center no longer has space to individually isolate COVID-19 patients, and second, laboratory capacity is limited or surpassed, such that rapid, accurate testing for COVID-19 may not be available, as is the reality facing our colleagues in Haiti. cache = ./cache/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256091-mrc9p1vw author = Jenkins, Wiley D. title = COVID‐19 During the Opioid Epidemic – Exacerbation of Stigma and Vulnerabilities date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1408 sentences = 81 flesch = 49 summary = 2 The inequalities described above are particularly pronounced for rural persons who use drugs (PWUD), who face multiple barriers to seeking and obtaining health care, including both stigma (which negatively impacts their ability to self-function and seek care) and drug-use-associated illness and injury. PWUD may be at increased risk for contracting and spreading COVID-19 since drug procurement and use practices usually require social contact. PWUD may avoid seeking medical care if COVID-19 symptoms present due to stigma associated with drug use and lack of trust in health care providers. Even before the pandemic, rural PWUD were less likely to seek medical care (eg, urgent care, paramedics) and actively avoid others (eg, police) who are now especially prominent in the COVID-19 response. [19] [20] Thus, PWUD may encounter negative police interactions, ticketing, and arrests due to shelter-in-place enforcement measures, particularly if they venture out to procure drugs, harm reduction supplies, or access substance use-related services, or if they are homeless. cache = ./cache/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255908-gcttlpxm author = Kiprov, Dobri title = Immunomodulation for the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 591 sentences = 46 flesch = 51 summary = Convalescent plasma provides passive immunity and has been used for the prophylaxis and treatment of a number of infectious diseases, including recent epidemics with SARS-Cov-1, Ebola and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). 1 Small studies from China have demonstrated that infusion of convalescent plasma from people who have recovered from COVID-19 is safe and results in reduction of viral load and improved clinical outcome. 3 Since parabiosis is not possible in humans, therapeutic plasma exchange, (TPE) has been proposed as an alternative because it has a multifaceted immunomodulatory effect. 5 We believe that TPE with a combination of 5% albumin and convalescent plasma replacement at the end of the procedure can be a valuable treatment option for COVID-19 patients and warrants a comparison trial with simple convalescent plasma infusion. Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256121-9bl1ztuc author = Reid, Michael J A title = Building a tuberculosis-free world while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1293 sentences = 67 flesch = 41 summary = 3 Moreover, the COVID-19 response has reduced access to tuberculosis services worldwide, including in China, 4 India, 5 South Africa, 6 and Nigeria. In India, Kenya, and Ukraine, a 3-month lockdown, followed by a 10-month recovery period, is projected to lead to an estimated 1·65 million, 41 400, and 7960 additional incident tuberculosis cases in the next 5 years, respectively, because of limited access to drugs, diagnostics, and prevention programmes in the past few months. After accounting for annual growth rates, we estimate that a 3-month lockdown, followed by a 10-month recovery, would result in an excess cost of $1·95 billion in India, $29 million in Kenya, and $96 million in Ukraine with an increase of 7·9%, 5·5%, and 4·1% in average annual health spending on tuberculosis in each country over the next 5 years (table) . cache = ./cache/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256132-ufs9kw3o author = AlAteeq, Deemah A. title = Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3030 sentences = 192 flesch = 59 summary = As disease outbreaks can adversely affect mental health, in this study, we explored the perceived stress levels among students during the COVID-19 outbreak that led to the adjournment of face-to-face teaching in KSA. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 367 students from KSA, which assessed their socio-demographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale, emotions, and concerns during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to Q14 explore the perceived stress level among students due to the coronavirus disease outbreak and the resulting suspension of in-person teaching in KSA. This study showed high to moderate levels of stress among students in KSA during the COVID-19 outbreak. Please cite this article as: AlAteeq DA et al., Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA, Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 cache = ./cache/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256092-bph9ys72 author = Hussain, Aneela N. title = Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients - a double-edged sword? date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1574 sentences = 93 flesch = 43 summary = Current data suggest a direct correlation between the lower level of serum testosterone, inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and poor clinical outcomes among male patients with COVID-19. Current data suggest a direct correlation between the lower level of serum testosterone, inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and poor clinical outcomes among male patients with COVID-19. Lower levels of testosterone result in the upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, facilitating SARS-CoV-1 entry into the alveolar cells, and deregulating a lung-protective pathway (4) . Thereby we hypothesize that low testosterone levels in males have a direct correlation with the severity of disease and a worse outcome in COVID-19. Patients with low testosterone have reportedly developed severe manifestations requiring assisted ventilation because of the upregulation of ACE-2 receptors in lower respiratory cells, increased risk of lung damage, and respiratory muscle catabolism. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256011-0cr4ejxu author = de Castro-Hamoy, Leniza title = Age Matters but it should not be Used to Discriminate Against the Elderly in Allocating Scarce Resources in the Context of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4410 sentences = 185 flesch = 51 summary = This paper examines the fairness of recommendations contained in resource allocation guidelines in the Philippines that have implications for the way elderly patients could be treated or excluded from some forms of critical care treatment in the context of the ongoing Corona virus emergency. Anticipating a surge in demand for ventilators and other critical care equipment at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions, agencies, and responsible authorities have had to issue guidelines or recommendations for the allocation of scarce medical resources in their respective territories or jurisdictions. After starting with an examination of the principle of net utility, the commentary goes on to explore and clarify what the TFG means by "maximizing prognosis." It emphasizes the importance of invoking short-term-rather than long-term-prognosis as a criterion to determine a patient's ability to benefit from the use of critical care resources during the period of scarcity. cache = ./cache/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256157-jbidxfk0 author = Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A. title = Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 561 sentences = 43 flesch = 55 summary = title: Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico A total of 505,751 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 55,293 deaths have been reported in Mexico [2], and 2.5% of these patients have required endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation [2] . This report describes the sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 in Mexico. A total of 57.6% (n = 6928) of the patients were mechanically ventilated outside of the intensive care units ( Figure S1 ) (supplementary material). As shown in this report, the availability of sufficient numbers of beds with ventilators does not ensure improvement in the prognoses of patients with COVID-19. Beyond the quantity of beds with ventilators, there may also be concerns about the quality of care, as has been suggested by the high mortality rate for intubated COVID-19 patients in Mexico. However, it is useful to present the general overview of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico. cache = ./cache/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255899-ehcod7c4 author = Urano, Akira title = Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1512 sentences = 101 flesch = 40 summary = title: Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report A Chinese study reported that the mortality rate of COVID-19 is 2.3% in China, which is not as high as that of SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); however, the elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities are at a higher risk of the disease and its related mortality [3] . Here, we present the case of a patient with COVID-19 whose condition improved with short-term systemic corticosteroid treatment early after exacerbation of pneumonia. This study reports the case of a COVID-19 patient with improved overall conditions after short-term systemic corticosteroid treatment early after the exacerbation of pneumonia. In the present case, SpO 2 and radiographic findings improved the day after systemic corticosteroid treatment was initiated, with no exacerbation of respiratory status or pneumonia, after discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment. The Author's Response: Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea: The application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR cache = ./cache/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author = McDonnell, Sarah title = The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2913 sentences = 137 flesch = 49 summary = The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. In summary, there is no correlation between Covid deaths (representing the pandemic peak) and preterm births, perinatal mortality, mode of delivery or maternity complications across the months of January to July 2020. There has been a wealth of data published on Covid-19 infection in pregnancy and our knowledge of the effects of SARS-CoV2 on maternal and neonatal outcomes has rapidly evolved, with reports of perinatal transmission increasing 8, 9 . However, a regional maternity unit in Ireland has described a reduction in preterm deliveries of very low birth weight infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in their population. cache = ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256020-wrui3i2l author = Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun title = Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7097 sentences = 465 flesch = 49 summary = The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a zoonotic pathogen that acquired mutations as it crossed the species barrier from bat to pangolin enabling it to infect humans. 5 The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and pneumonia, which makes the disease enormously dangerous with a high case fatality rate. 11 Symptoms of human SARS-CoV-1 infections include headache, fever and respiratory complications such as cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia. 81 The main goal of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is to accurately detect the virus and to minimize further transmissions by timely isolation and treatment of infected patients. 112 This implies that variation in ACE-2 expression in COVID-19 patients is likely to affect susceptibility, symptoms and intervention outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations cache = ./cache/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256159-7x45wd45 author = McFee, R.B. title = INTRODUCTION - EMERGING PATHOGESN AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 757 sentences = 49 flesch = 52 summary = With further study into SARS and other human pathogenic coronaviruses, it became clear these highly adaptive viruses should be added to the list of pathogens capable of causing major outbreaks. Since SARS, two additional highly pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, MERS, and SARS2 (8-10), which throughout this article will be referred to as COVID-19 (5) (6) (7) (8) . This latest potentially deadly coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, has caused a level of global illness unseen in numbers and rapidity since the major outbreaks of the early 19 th century. The origin, transmission, and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -an update on the status Epidemiological, demographic, and clnical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutics) Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); A review cache = ./cache/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256195-1hmzgwrw author = Izzy, Saef title = Characteristics and outcomes of Latinx patients with COVID-19 in comparison to other ethnic and racial groups date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4108 sentences = 247 flesch = 47 summary = 2 In the United States, where a racially and ethnically diverse population has been exposed to infection in the setting of known racial and ethnic health disparities, 14 several news reports have suggested that ethnic and racial minorities, especially Latinx and non-Latin African American individuals, may bear a higher burden of disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used medical records available from the largest not-for-profit healthcare system in Massachusetts to examine the association between age, race and ethnicity, reported preexisting comorbidities, and the need for hospitalization and ICU admission in a large study population of COVID-19 positive patients. First, analysis of our large study population confirmed our firsthand clinical experience and showed indeed that Latinx and African American patients are at higher risk of being hospitalized and admitted to ICU level of care with COVID-19, than White patients. cache = ./cache/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256218-xv7aw4xn author = Vargas, Maria title = Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 666 sentences = 35 flesch = 43 summary = title: Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak However, since the Italian and worldwide dramatic spread of this infection, 4 we pointed out additional suggestions (1) to evaluate the possible exposures and (2) to protect from potential exposures the organ donor (Table 1) . According to our suggestions, the organ donor had no positive history for exposure and no symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding the healthcare personnel, we limited the access to the organ donor allowing it exclusively to personnel with negative history of exposure, without respiratory symptoms, and properly equipped with personal protective equipment suggested for COVID-19. According to the literature, this is the first case of organ donation after brain death during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hope that our suggestions may improve the safety of organ donor and the safety of transplantation during the worldwide spread of COVID-19 cases. Additional suggestions for organ donation during COVID-19 a cache = ./cache/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256135-v75qvb1i author = Persoon, Ilona F. title = A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 710 sentences = 45 flesch = 43 summary = authors: Persoon, Ilona F.; Stankiewicz, Nikolai; Smith, Andrew; de Soet, Hans (J.J.); Volgenant, Catherine M.C. title: A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends wearing respiratory protection when undertaking aerosol generating procedures (AGP) to reduce the risks of cross-infection between patients and healthcare worker (HCW) and vice versa 2 . When patients do not show symptoms of COVID-19, 54% of countries recommend respiratory protection FFP2 / FFP3 when performing AGP. A considerable number of countries also recommend respiratory protection FFP2 / FFP3 when performing non AGPs, both in patients with (63%) and without symptoms of COVID-19 (33%). However, the effectiveness of these respirators to prevent transmission of pathogens highly depends on proper fit and use of the equipment 9 In conclusion, the recommendations on respiratory protection when undertaking dental healthcare in European countries vary considerably. cache = ./cache/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author = Gómez-Salgado, Juan title = Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5959 sentences = 277 flesch = 51 summary = The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected. cache = ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256255-wqpndl46 author = Wang, Lang title = Prolonged prothrombin time at admission predicts poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3707 sentences = 216 flesch = 51 summary = CONCLUSION: Prothrombin time, concentration of fibrin degradation products, respiration rate and age were predictive factors for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The elevation of D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP), shortened or prolonged prothrombin time (PT), abnormal platelet count, occurrence of thrombosis or bleeding and complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were observed in COVID-19 patients in different clinical stages [6, 7] . The factors with significant differences between the death and survival groups, including age, sex, comorbidities, respiration rate, platelet count, PT, APTT, D-dimer and FDP, were included in the regression. Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, COPD, respiration rate, PT, concentrations of D-dimer and FDP may contribute to the death risk of COVID-19 patients. As the platelet count and several parameters of coagulation were significantly different between those who died and survivors, the prognostic value of these factors for COVID-19 was analyzed using logistic regression. cache = ./cache/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256233-k9hdq3z8 author = Lipsky, Martin S. title = Men and COVID-19: A Pathophysiologic Review date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4620 sentences = 233 flesch = 47 summary = The plausible theories underlying these observations include sex-related differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, immune function, hormones, habits, and coinfection rates.In this review we examine these factors and explore the rationale as to how each may impact COVID-19. Epidemiological evidence from influenza outbreaks and pandemics also reveals a higher morbidity and mortality for menthan that for women in some age groups (Klein et al., 2012) .In animal studies, male animals have poorer immune responses when exposed to the coronavirus and experience more damage to their lungs (Vermillion et al., 2018) .For both SARS and the MERS coronavirus outbreaks, men fared worse than women did. A recent German study found that that critically ill male COVID-19 patients suffer from severe testosterone and dihydrotestosterone deficiencies and concluded that androgens are required to mount a strong antiviral immune response to combat infection in men (Schroeder et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256051-87alqfkd author = Revzin, Margarita V. title = Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19, Part 1: Viral Pathogenesis and Pulmonary and Vascular System Complications date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8850 sentences = 448 flesch = 39 summary = Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Although SARS-CoV-2 disease (or coronavirus disease 2019 ) primarily manifests as a lung infection, with symptoms ranging from those of a mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), other multisystemic manifestations of this disease and related complications are becoming more commonly recognized (3) . Thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism (PE), peripheral venous and arterial thrombosis, and acute stroke (seen also in patients older than 50 years without risk factors) have all been reported (50-57). On the basis of the pattern and distribution of the opacities and the presence or absence of certain clinical signs (such as obesity), the authors developed a chest radiography severity scoring system that could be used as a prognostic factor of outcomes in young adult patients with COVID-19 (Fig 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256351-q8lkhklw author = Di Giorgio, Angelo title = Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1377 sentences = 77 flesch = 48 summary = title: Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy Twenty-six per cent (n= 39) developed mild/moderate respiratory symptoms likely due to an underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, since the NPS was not carried out, they were classified as suspected cases of COVID-19. cases; the majority of them (3/4 patients, 75%) presented with a mild or moderate clinical phenotype (1 was asymptomatic) whilst 1 patient died ; this patient had risk factors for complicated COVID-19 described in the general population, including old age and associated comorbidities. We previously reported our review of past outbreaks of coronavirus infections and our preliminary experience with these patients followed in our center, and we suggested that immunocompromised patients (adults and children) are not at increased risk of COVID-19 complicated course compared to the general population (3). However we recently reported the uneventful course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were under IS or immunomodulating drugs, including antimetabolites, during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (4). cache = ./cache/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256226-hzgvioq6 author = Sehgal, Vishal title = Sex, Sleep, Steroids, and Lifestyle: Unraveling the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Conundrum date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1773 sentences = 129 flesch = 52 summary = [6] Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation has been known to induce the alteration of the immune system with proinflammatory M1 macrophages being activated and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages being suppressed. [7] Aging of the immune system is accompanied by a proinflammatory state with a marked increase in cytokines, namely IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). [12] In fact, individuals with any proinflammatory state would potentially be at risk for COVID-19 related complications. The proinflammatory state may be related to hypothyroidism, [13] hyperthyroidism, [14] or any common chronic autoimmune pathology like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or gout. [20] A metanalysis of 20 randomized controlled trials reported that mindfulness meditation is associated with reduced inflammation as shown by reduced CRP, improved CD4+ T-cell count, and increased telomerase activity. The anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibodies work by predominantly limiting the proinflammatory state and potentially reducing the cytokine storm, which could be fatal. cache = ./cache/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256264-9pyn0l6w author = Halimi, Vesa title = Current regulatory approaches for accessing potential COVID-19 therapies date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1504 sentences = 73 flesch = 38 summary = This commentary aims to elaborate challenges in the regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating COVID-19 potential therapies either with off-label use, compassionate use, emergency use or for clinical trials. There are several regulatory approaches for accessing potential therapies in COVID-19 and they can be classified as clinical trials, compassionate use, emergency use and off-label use (Table 1) [1] [2] [3] . Although terminology and modalities may not be identical, compassionate use programs demanding regulatory approval, informed consent and follow-up information are established in most countries [11, 12] , and can be used to facilitate the access of seriously ill COVID-19 patients that cannot have access in clinical studies. Having regard to the fact that the manufacturer Gilead was called from the licensed clinicians to provide Remdesivir to hospitalized COVID-19 patients under the compassionate use, since 25th January 2020, and based on the methodological issues found at Grein et al.'s paper [16] , it remains doubtful whether Gilead or regulatory authorities were not vulnerable toward this program. cache = ./cache/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256260-9jatvium author = Han, Yuanyuan title = COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2293 sentences = 148 flesch = 62 summary = Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. In December 2019, a novel pneumonia resulting from SARS-CoV2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan [1, 2] . However, a tremendous number of patients who were still in their incubation period traveled across China before the lockdown date due to Chinese New Year, resulting in the widespread transmission of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV2 nuclei acid test from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative, but her IgM and IgG antibodies were positive. By further examining their epidemiological data, we find that the incubation period of COVID-19 and the shedding duration of SARS-CoV2 might be extremely long in this case. cache = ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256166-4pvk3fqn author = Indini, Alice title = Reorganization of Medical Oncology Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Nationwide Italian Survey date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2438 sentences = 119 flesch = 45 summary = Results show that the following measures for oncologic patients have been promptly implemented through the whole country: use of protective devices, triage of patients accessing the hospital, delay of non-urgent visits, and use of telemedicine. Such emergency has led Italian oncologists to join forces, with the aim to find a way not to compromise the continuum of care of patients and to preserve safe everyday clinical Here we present the results of this survey, providing an overview of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy and assessing potential interventions to overcome this critical situation. Answers to the questions in Section 2 clearly show that, even if by the time of the survey COVID-19 represented an emergency mainly in the North of Italy, diagnostic measures for all patients accessing oncologic services were immediately activated in the whole country ( Table 3) . After the very first reports of COVID-19 in Italy, measures to reduce hospital accesses for oncologic patients were taken almost throughout the country. cache = ./cache/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256385-g1wcfrfi author = Badraoui, Riadh title = Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6071 sentences = 332 flesch = 48 summary = title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 A better understood of ARDS key features and the pathophysiological injuries of the pulmonary parenchyma are linked to lessons learned from previous severe diseases associated previous coronaviruses outbreaks (especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more the ongoing SARS-CoV-2. The novel coronavirus, finally named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and it's inducing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Gorbalenya et al., 2020; Khailany et al., 2020) . While SARS-CoV-2 induces mild symptoms in several infected patients (low pathogenic), it can also be associated with a fast onset of widespread infection in the lungs worsened in an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) . Lessons learned from previous severe diseases caused by coronaviruses outbreaks (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more recently SARS-CoV-2 lead to a better understood of ARDS key features associated COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author = Almazrou, Saja H. title = Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3011 sentences = 183 flesch = 48 summary = title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study Despite the recommendation to use HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the MOH protocol, no observational studies or RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the Saudi Arabian population have been published. Therefore, the objective of this observational study is to compare the effects of HCQ and standard care (SC) on length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use among COVID-19 patients. Collected data included patients' basic information (e.g. age, gender, nationality); medication prescribed; and information on hospitalization, cases requiring ICU care, and mechanical ventilation. Despite the shorter length of hospital stay and time in ICU among patients who received HCQ based treatment, as well as the smaller proportions of patients who needed ICU care and mechanical ventilation in this group, the results indicated no significant differences in these outcomes between the two cohorts. cache = ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256443-kejqbo1q author = Forbes, Nauzer title = Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1190 sentences = 77 flesch = 47 summary = title: Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey In response, institutions providing gastroenterology and endoscopy services have taken urgent action to protect patients and staff, but the uptake and extent of these practice changes in North America is unknown. We conducted a survey of gastroenterology and endoscopy practices to assess the response to the COVID-19 pandemic across the continent. institutional demographics, changes in endoscopy practice, changes in clinical practice, changes in training, peri-procedure screening for COVID-19, and changes in PPE practices. The majority of responding centers (63/73, 86%) are screening patients for COVID-19 upon arrival to endoscopy units through symptom and/or exposure assessments (Figure 1 ). American centers have implemented in response to the pandemic and -by reporting data on clinical, consultative and training practices -expands on recent information by our Italian colleagues 8 . GASTROENTEROLOGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY GUIDANCE ON ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC cache = ./cache/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256500-nlavfnpt author = Zhang, Dan title = COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 198 flesch = 50 summary = Background: Excessive monocyte/macrophage activation with the development of a cytokine storm and subsequent acute lung injury, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a feared consequence of infection with COVID-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a new coronavirus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which frequently induces fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Herein we describe novel observations in relation to changes in monocyte morphology and activation status, which correlate with the prognosis and severity of COVID-19 infection and which can be readily quantified by flow cytometry with the concurrent measurement of forward scatter (FSC) and (SSC), which measure cell size and complexity, respectively. We have shown that simple assessment of FSC by flow cytometry in the context of COVID-19 infection can rapidly identify those patients with an increasing proportion of large, activated, IL-6 and TNF secreting monocytes, who have severe disease and are at greatest risk of ICU admission. cache = ./cache/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256309-hbdrobn1 author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Statins in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 962 sentences = 52 flesch = 44 summary = Some researchers [6] have also argued that statins might promote the development of a more severe course of COVID-19 due to activation of the inflammasome pathway in acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to increased pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and subsequent cytokine storm [7, 8] . Individual observational studies [9] [10] [11] [12] have since reported on this area and we carried out a meta-analysis to summarise the existing evidence on the effect of statins on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 from adjusted analyses. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and medRxiv (preprint repository) databases, up to 27 July 2020, for studies evaluating the risk of severe illness and/or mortality in COVID-19 among statin users compared to non-statin users, with the following keywords and their MeSH terms: Studies were included if they are of cohort or case-control design, included patients with confirmed COVID-19, and with data available to compare the risk of severe illness and/or mortality among statin users compared to non-statin users in adjusted analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256357-dlc8yb6j author = Augoustides, John G. title = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during the Coronavirus Crisis – important updates for the cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia community date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2005 sentences = 129 flesch = 35 summary = 5 The perspectives from care providers in the frontlines have raised the following issues about life support for cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic: infection control, risk-stratification to guide decision-making, protocols to guide resuscitation in patients who wish to set limits on their care, and, further deliberations at the national level to inform point-of-care delivery in this context. [5] [6] These guideline updates have addressed the following major considerations in the conduct of life support in these challenging settings: provider exposure; oxygenation and ventilation strategies; the appropriateness of resuscitation; and, lastly considerations specific to 3 certain care situations. [19] [20] It is therefore important to consider the probability of success in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a given case versus the risks of infection, diverted clinical attention and resource utilization during the pandemic, especially in stressed health care environments during the crisis phase of the COVID-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256227-nl90gljl author = Dzobo, Mathias title = COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2381 sentences = 133 flesch = 54 summary = Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. The government is now considering strategies to lift the lockdown given the current sporadic cases and the potential for a new cycle of Covid-19 outbreak if containment measures are not in place. Among the WHO criteria that countries need to consider before lifting lockdowns is the ability of health systems to quickly detect, test, isolate, and treat new cases, as well as to trace close contacts. Widespread Covid-19 testing will likely generate large amounts of epidemiological data that the government can use to assess risks and predict disease patterns in Zimbabwe. Before the lockdown is lifted, the government will need to come up with measures of preventing the spread and importation of Covid-19. Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): a case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe cache = ./cache/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256553-iw5squ6n author = Neiva, Mariane Barros title = Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3639 sentences = 204 flesch = 60 summary = RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. However, one can see that Brazil and the United States, the second and first countries, respectively, in the number of confirmed cases, do not follow the same patterns in the new cases/deaths and active case graphs, as shown in Figures 1g and 1h . This is because São Paulo is the industrial center FIGURE 3: Besides the high number of cases in Brazil, the country is known for its lower testing rate. cache = ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256568-mbkrg98v author = Jantzen, R. title = Epidemiological and socio-economic characteristics of the COVID-19 spring outbreak in Quebec, Canada: A population-based study date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7907 sentences = 419 flesch = 54 summary = 7.6% of the participants declared that they have experienced at least one of the four COVID-related symptoms chosen by the Public Health authorities (fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia) but were not tested. Results from the tree-based model analyzes adjusted on exposure factors show that the combination of dyspnea, dry cough and fever was highly associated with being tested whereas anosmia, fever, and headache were the most discriminant factors for having a positive test among those tested. A multiple logistic regression analyzis showed that place of residence, dweling, risk exposure (medical worker, contact with a COVID-19 positive patient, international travel), having at least one pre-existing condition were independent factors associated with the outcome ( Table 1) . Taking into account socio-demographic, medical and exposure factors (place of residence, dweling, medical worker, contact with a COVID-19 positive patient, international travel, pre-existing condition) as confounding factors and COVID-related symptoms as explanatory variables, we performed a GPLTR analyzis for identifying the combinations of symptoms leading to the most homogeneous sub-groups with respect to being tested. cache = ./cache/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256223-g7gw02pf author = Dang, Anh Kim title = Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3641 sentences = 208 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND: Although "social isolation" protects the life and health of Vietnamese citizens from the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it also triggers massive reductions in the economic activities of the country. OBJECTIVE: our study aimed to identify negative impacts of COVID-19 on occupations of Vietnamese people during the first national lockdown, including the quality and quantity of jobs as well as adverse problems at work due to COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to address the question of how the COVID-19 has impacted the occupations of Vietnamese people during social isolation, including the quality and quantity of jobs, identifying the vulnerable groups as well as adverse problems at work due to COVID-19. In addition, compared to health workers, professional educators were less likely to suffer from "Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure." Consistent with previous studies, quarantined health workers tend to report significantly more stigmatization and rejection from people in their local neighborhoods or were unable to resume their job [35] , and normal life as families member considered their jobs was too risky [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256565-59bnifxm author = Lebwohl, Mark title = Reply to: “COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution” date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 502 sentences = 37 flesch = 49 summary = title: Reply to: "COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution" Reply to: ''COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution'' To the Editor: We thank Dr Kansal 1 from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences for her pertinent comments in response to our publication on the use of biologic agents for psoriasis patients in the current COVID-19 pandemic. To be clear, we cannot know the long-term impact of biologic agents on patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 until more time passes and we have more data. For now, the most medical organizations, including the American Academy of Dermatology, the National Psoriasis Foundation, and the International Eczema Council, among others, have advocated not discontinuing biologics in patients who are not infected. Of course, these agents should be discontinued in patients with active infection. COVID-19, syphilis and biologic therapies for psoriasis andpsoriatic arthritis: a word of caution cache = ./cache/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256326-3ebcuzd6 author = Liotta, Giuseppe title = Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2364 sentences = 114 flesch = 57 summary = We analyzed several variables to test this hypothesis, such as the percentage of infected patients aged >80 years, available nursing home beds, COVID-19 incidence rate, and the number of days from when the number of positive tests exceeded 50 (epidemic maturity). While there is a very clear association between the case fatality rate and age demographics (Italy has the second oldest population worldwide and has the highest ageing index in Europe [4] with a value of 168.9), we wanted to test the hypothesis that the supposed closeness between younger and older generations in Italian families may have played a major role in the pandemic spread. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the proportion of infected patients aged >80 years and social connectedness indicators, such as the percentage of family comprising one members and household size [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256262-lwc4ghj2 author = Gangneux, Jean-Pierre title = Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1141 sentences = 60 flesch = 36 summary = Among various causes of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, the frequency and impact of co-infections has still been poorly studied, particularly in patients with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In France, IFI account for a high risk of mortality in patients with co-morbidities from 9.2% to 40% depending on the fungal disease (8) . Invasive mucormycosis is increasingly reported (thanks to the improvement of diagnostic tools) in susceptible patients such as those suffering from diabetes, hematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or chronic respiratory diseases and superficial injuries in burned patients or after local traumatism. In case of positivity of any of these tests, a confirmation step with blood biomarkers will be implemented depending on the positive results, with serum galactomannan and/or serum beta-D-glucan and/or cryptococcal antigenemia and/or blood qPCR for Aspergillus or mucorales, -national multicentric studies that aim to explore the risk of fungal co-infection during COVID-19 with joint consortia of ICU and Mycology specialists. cache = ./cache/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256542-v8cyfo66 author = Heffner, Joseph title = Emotional responses to prosocial messages increase willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2021-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5970 sentences = 307 flesch = 44 summary = While results show that both types of appeals increased willingness to self-isolate (Cohen's d = 0.41), compared to the threat message, the efficacy of the prosocial message was more dependent on the magnitude of the evoked emotional response on both arousal and valence dimensions. While widespread and rapid adoption of preventative measures is unlikely to occur without messages that include emotional appeals (Myers, Nisbet, Maibach, & Leiserowitz, 2012) , it is crucial that current public health officials and researchers understand the relationship between emotional engagement and different persuasive messages related to Despite the complexity of the relationship between emotion and behavior, some media outlets have been leveraging fear language in order to motivate people to stay home and socially distance. However, because of the inconsistent relationship between evoked fear and behavioral change in prior research, we were agnostic as to whether stronger valence and arousal reactions to the threat intervention, compared to the prosocial intervention, would result in more willingness to self-isolate regarding COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256332-ha7tx1fo author = Gopal, Jeevan Prakash title = COVID-19 pandemic: Building organisational flexibility to scale transplant programs date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2575 sentences = 124 flesch = 42 summary = Transplantation of organs that are not immediately life-saving such as the kidney, the pancreas, and the small bowel must be decided on an individual case basis considering the loco-regional prevalence of COVID-19 and whether to introduce immunosuppression in patients and sending them into the community amidst the pandemic. The important issue to consider is COVID-19 screening of donors (deceased/ living) and recipients before transplantation. The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has largely depleted the healthcare systems of their capacity to continue transplantation with the transplant team members being redeployed into the care of virus infected patients. Transplant recipients and living donors should be separated from suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infected patients during the in-hospital stay and outpatient visits. cache = ./cache/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256723-2eab6g7i author = Chen, Taige title = Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 343 sentences = 26 flesch = 60 summary = authors: Chen, Taige; Lu, Xiaofan; Wang, Yang; Wang, Jun title: Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 COVID-19 patients with preexisting diseases are at high risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reported a case of a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 who improved but turned worse rapidly and died in septic shock. To our knowledge, patient with COVID-19 complicated with SSA is quite rare, 65 and this case report reminds us that atypical or even asymptomatic manifestations of The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, 126 management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or 127 approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication Authors' Contributions Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data Clinical course and outcomes of 344 intensive care 147 patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256458-3fyul3k2 author = Kolikonda, Murali Krishnan title = Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Stroke: A Rising Concern date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1167 sentences = 87 flesch = 43 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several chemical, mechanical, and/or inflammatory central nervous system pathologies are proposed to explain how this viral infection might induce acute cerebrovascular disease. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus 2019 (COVID19) disease, which quickly became a pandemic [1] . Beyond knowing that bacteria and viruses can be risk factors for cerebrovascular ischemia, the impact of this novel coronavirus on emergency medical issues like acute ischemic stroke remains to be clarified [2] . Although the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 causing cerebrovascular pathology is unclear, there might be a neuroinvasive potential that increases the incidence of stroke, thromboses, and related neuropsychiatric conditions [10] [11] [12] . While coronavirus precautions are being relaxed, acknowledging COVID-19 associations to cerebrovascular disease helps plan health care services and should improve clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256482-xcoignha author = Kelley, Maureen title = An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 971 sentences = 60 flesch = 53 summary = title: An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world's wealthiest countries first, shaping global public health responses and messaging. First, the self-determination and agency of LMICs are important to uphold and respect, which means that LMICs develop and shape contextually relevant public health interventions, drawing on international partners as needed. 6 Front-line health workers also face economic hardships, reflected in ongoing health worker strikes in many LMICs. In Zimbabwe, for example, some clinical staff have not been paid for several months, and yet they are expected to lead the fight against COVID-19. 7 Key actions include lifting health facility user fees, ensuring fair pay, infection control training, provision of personal protective equipment, and COVID-19 testing for front-line staff. Assessing the hospital surge capacity of the Kenyan health system in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256689-k7to2amn author = Lombardo, Eduardo title = Publication of COVID‐19 case reports: are we hurrying? date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 701 sentences = 45 flesch = 54 summary = Recently, Oral Diseases published a series of cases regarding oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 (Martín Carreras-Presas et al., 2020) which made us reflect on the tendency to accelerate the process of building scientific papers. Evidence-based medicine considers that clinical case reports are the types of study classified with the lowest level of evidence given their methodological composition (Burns, Rohrich and Chong, 2011) . In the other hand, from a practical point of view, clinical case reports have their importance based on the academic scope and, mainly, within the scope of public policies. Within a health education institution, the elaboration of a case report guides the learning of the formulation of the clinical question, the search for the best evidence and the consistent therapeutic application based on it. In the series of cases on the oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, some of the patients were not actually diagnosed with COVID-19, which goes against the title. cache = ./cache/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256705-gexh2wtd author = Prescott, K. title = COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England? date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2069 sentences = 113 flesch = 60 summary = In view of this, a cross-sectional survey of front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large acute NHS hospital trusts in England was undertaken to assess their confidence and perceived level of preparedness for the virus. As such we carried out an online cross sectional questionnaire based survey of front line HCW at two large acute NHS hospital Trusts in England to ascertain how prepared they felt to manage COVID-19. We designed an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey using Online Surveys (formerly BOS) to ascertain how confident and prepared front line HCW felt in managing potential COVID-19 cases. At the time the survey went live work in both hospital Trusts had already begun to prepare front line HCW for COVID-19. As the threat of COVID-19 grows, we wanted to assess how confident our front line HCW felt to manage possible cases. cache = ./cache/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256665-p9vbeffv author = Kenyon, Chris title = The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 810 sentences = 49 flesch = 48 summary = title: The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 -reverse the predisposing 1 pro-inflammatory state with exercise 2 chronic diseases predispose to severe disease is that they are associated with a pro-33 inflammatory state and an imbalance between the pro-inflammatory angiotensin converting Exercise has also consistently been shown to be an effective way to reduce blood pressure in 70 hypertensives [15] . If this theory is correct, then regular exercise and a healthy diet would not reduce one's risk 76 of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, but they would reduce one's risk of getting severe 77 disease. We must acknowledge that randomized clinical trials in high risk populations would 78 need to be conducted before we can conclude that exercise and diet would have this 79 protective effect. As an alternative, the protective-effect-of-exercise/diet could be 81 tested in animal models of severe COVID-19 [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256676-b7p92sb1 author = Syed, Faiza title = Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1805 sentences = 107 flesch = 59 summary = We used an SIR model to predict the magnitude of the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan and compared the numbers with the reported cases on the national database. The basic assumption of the SIR model is that the total number of susceptible infected and recovered cases at any given time is equivalent to the test population, so the equations can be represented as: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 doi: medRxiv preprint Further assumptions of the SIR model assume that if the R˳ is greater than the ratio of total population and the susceptible cases at time zero then it would imply that the outbreak will turn into a full-fledged epidemic. Our study was focused on modelling the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan in order to estimate the number of infections, the peak infection day, the rate of increase of infections per day and the resolution of the end-point of the epidemic 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256508-ce59ovan author = Asselah, Tarik title = COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9214 sentences = 556 flesch = 46 summary = To date, with the exception of intravenous Remdesivir and dexamethasone, which have modest effects in moderate to severe COVID-19, no strong clinical evidence supports the efficacy and safety of any other drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The current diagnostic strategy to identify patients with COVID-19 is to test samples taken from the respiratory tract to assess for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acid targets [47] . The neutralization assay is a laboratory-based test that uses live virus and cell culture methods to determine if patient antibodies can prevent viral infection in vitro [72] . A randomized, controlled, openlabel trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory illness COVID-19 was performed [126] . Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals cache = ./cache/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256736-ep9aqpfs author = Fathi, Nazanin title = Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 97 flesch = 41 summary = Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. In SARS-CoV, similar to other viruses, the adaptive immune response plays a critical role to restrict the viral infections. suppression of PD1/PD-L1) could inhibit lymphopenia and also compensate the lymphocyte counts in severe patients of COVID-19. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with cytokine storm syndrome has been licensed to use the tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor blockade) in China. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection triggers spontaneous differential expression of biosignatures associated with T cell exhaustion and apoptosis signaling in peripheral blood mononucleocytes Viral persistence and chronicity in hepatitis C virus infection: role of T-cell apoptosis, senescence and exhaustion Interferon-mediated immunopathological events are associated with atypical innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256556-1zea3wa1 author = Lou, Yan title = Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4228 sentences = 225 flesch = 50 summary = The percentage of patients who turned viral negative after 14-day treatment was 70%, 77%, and 100% in the baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, and control group respectively, with the medians of time from randomization to clinical improvement was 14, 14 and 15 days, respectively. Then, an exploratory single center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding baloxavir marboxil or favipiravir to the current standard antiviral treatment in patients confirmed as COVID-19 who are still positive for the SARS-CoV-2 (ChiCTR2000029544). This trial was an exploratory single center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding baloxavir marboxil or favipiravir to the current standard antiviral treatment in patients confirmed as COVID-19 who are still positive for the SARS-CoV-2 (ChiCTR2000029544). The activity against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in vitro for the antiviral drugs used in this trial, including arbidol, ritonavir, lopinavir, darunavir, baloxavir acid, and favipiravir. cache = ./cache/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256786-7gca01lr author = Bartilotti‐Matos, F title = Pearls and Pitfalls: two contrasting HIV diagnoses in the COVID‐19 era and the case for screening date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 95 flesch = 57 summary = Two cases of previously undiagnosed HIV presenting to secondary care with respiratory symptoms are detailed in this series, with a view to extrapolate lessons on blood borne virus (BBV) screening in the COVID‐19 era. Two cases of previously undiagnosed HIV presenting to secondary care with respiratory symptoms are detailed in this series, with a view to extrapolate lessons on blood borne virus (BBV) screening in the COVID-19 era. Despite these findings and two negative swabs for SARS-CoV2 PCR, COVID-19 remained the clinical diagnosis until day-six of admission when a BBV screen confirmed HIV seropositivity with a viral load of 5.28log10 and CD4 + 25cells/mm 3 . Firstly, the HIV and COVID-19 co-infection was diagnosed in the absence of risk factors, prompted by high disease severity in an atypically young and fit patient. One case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a low CD4 + T-cell count cache = ./cache/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256596-ejuyfto6 author = Field, Robert I. title = Genetics and COVID-19: How to Protect the Susceptible date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1390 sentences = 73 flesch = 41 summary = Along with the potential for breakthroughs in care and prevention, the search for genetic mechanisms underlying the spread and severity of COVID-19 introduces the risk of discrimination against those found to have markers for susceptibility. Findings on genetic correlates of COVID-19 progression may lead to better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance and may enable predictions of individual risk for severe disease progression. Alternatively, we might ground new legal protections in utilitarianism, seeking the greatest good for the greatest number of people, but doing this requires an inherently controversial and subjective balancing of social harm from genetic discrimination against the loss of health and life from the disease. The Common Rule could set stricter parameters for collecting, storing and sharing genetic information, including requirements for encrypting data and restricting access, coupled with more vigorous oversight by IRBs. Implementing regulations under GINA could add COVID-19 susceptibility as an explicit example of the kinds of genetic tests that are subject to the law. cache = ./cache/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256717-bnzbhetc author = Paton, Calum title = Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 113 flesch = 59 summary = It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the "wrong call". In the case of the British government, "science" has had to follow policy both past and present: both ill-preparedness for a pandemic and the unwillingness of government to take drastic action (until it was too late) With a novel virus and a new pandemic, there is no unequivocal "science" based on evidence at the time key decisions are needed. If, as it was claimed by Ministers as well as Chris Whitty, testing was abandoned due to there being too many cases and COVID-19 becoming embedded, why was lockdown still rejected, after the abandonment of containment, on the grounds that it was not justified by the evidence? cache = ./cache/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256752-x7h4tix2 author = Yu, Hua title = Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5757 sentences = 261 flesch = 43 summary = We hypothesized that an active coping style and social support were protective factors against psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Differences in demographic characteristics between respondents with high or low psychological distress in non-suspected cases were assessed for significance using the independent two-samples t test, in the case of age and family income coefficient; or the chi-squared test, in the case of sex, marital status, education level, residence location, presence of COVID-19 in the respondent's community, time spent per day searching for information about COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 3 ). Among those without suspected infection, factors significantly associated with high psychological distress were unmarried status, spending > 6 h per day searching for information about COVID-19, a passive coping style and lower social support. cache = ./cache/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256634-gg8hptfg author = Rhodes, N. J. title = Multicenter point-prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4107 sentences = 260 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusions: While we observed high rates of supportive care for patients with COVID-19, we also found that ADRs were common among patients receiving drug therapy including in clinical trials. The objective of this point-prevalence study was to characterize the drug therapies used in the management of COVID-19, including supportive care and combination therapies, in an attempt to identify safety signals among acutely ill hospitalized patients. Data elements collected included facility demographics, total number of hospital and ICU beds prior to the pandemic, U.S. Census region location, patient populations served, facility type (e.g., academic, community, inpatient rehabilitation), and active clinical trial site status. In addition to whether patients were receiving supportive care or drug therapies targeted at SARS-CoV-2, we collected basic patient demographic information and vital status (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities, oxygen requirement, and ICU status). Patients were significantly more likely to receive COVID-19 directed drug therapy if they were enrolled in a clinical trial (26.9% vs 3.2%; P <0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256719-njrjepor author = Balsari, Satchit title = COVID-19 care in India: the course to self-reliance date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1009 sentences = 70 flesch = 55 summary = The public health response to COVID-19 in India has been highly centralised, resulting in a homogenous strategy applied across a sixth of the world's population. Until April 27, 2020, national guidelines required that all symptomatic patients and families be transferred to health-care facilities and isolated away from their homes, and entire neighbourhoods be declared containment zones. 1 This strategy overwhelmed the health-care system in India's most populous cities, including Mumbai and Delhi, and precluded access for non-COVID care. Most people with COVID-19 can be cared for at home, and there is no justification for institutionalising those with mild or no symptoms. 7 India's general practitioners and community health workers, can effectively monitor a patient's vital signs at home via in-person visits or telemedicine, distribute and encourage the use of masks and soap for handwashing, advise selfpronation, and, when possible, use adjuncts like pulse oximeters. New guidelines for home isolation of people with very mild symptoms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256696-leqakx22 author = Sherratt, K. title = Evaluating the use of the reproduction number as an epidemiological tool, using spatio-temporal trends of the Covid-19 outbreak in England date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5759 sentences = 299 flesch = 55 summary = We estimated Rt using a model that mapped unobserved infections to observed test-positive cases, hospital admissions, and deaths with confirmed Covid-19, in seven regions of England over March through August 2020. We compared differences in Rt with the demographic and social context of transmission, and found the differences between Rt may be linked to biased representations of sub-populations in each data source: from uneven testing rates, or increasing severity of disease with age, seen via outbreaks in care home populations and changing age distributions of cases. We compared the divergence between Rt estimates with spatio-temporal variation in case detection, and the proportion at risk of severe disease, represented by the age distribution of test positive cases and hospital admissions and the proportion of deaths in care homes. We estimated the time-varying reproduction number for Covid-19 over March through August across England and English NHS regions, using test-positive cases, hospital admissions, and deaths with confirmed Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256878-3e2fcx9k author = Moadel, Renee M. title = Remaining Academically Connected While Socially Distant: Leveraging Technology to Support Dispersed Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Training Programs in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 45 flesch = 43 summary = As a novel solution to improving didactic review of cases with the trainees, we have made use of the "present desktop" and "request control" capabilities of this communication tool. While viewing a case, either the attending or the resident can share their screen and both physicians can control the mouse, scroll through the images and point out salient findings, while conversing in real time with each other (Fig 1) . One potential challenge regarding this technique relates to image fidelity when using screen share; both users can independently review the case on their workstation, using the communication window in parallel as a teaching tool. Until such time that dedicated teacher-learner communication programs are organically built into the imaging workstations, a suite of features may already be present within an institution's enterprise-wide set of software tools. Screen-capture of a Skype for Business call between trainee and attending physician employing "present desktop" and "request control" features. cache = ./cache/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256888-tdx12ccj author = Bradley, Benjamin T title = Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5006 sentences = 300 flesch = 45 summary = To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. 8 Post-mortem studies have shown pulmonary, renal, and small vessel injury, with particles resembling virus observed in the kidney by electron microscopy. By electron microscopy, aggregates of uniform, round enveloped particles ranging in size from around 70 nm to 100 nm with peripheral spike-like projections consistent with the morphology described for SARS-CoV-2 were observed in the lung, trachea, kidney, and large intestine of patient 8 and patient 13. [9] [10] [11] [12] We present a case series of autopsy findings in 14 patients who died after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The major histopathological observation in our series of patients who died with COVID-19 was diffuse alveolar damage-type lung injury in the acute or organising phases (12 [86%] of 14 patients). cache = ./cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256893-3sh87h2x author = Yang, Li title = COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5347 sentences = 300 flesch = 42 summary = The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is rapidly increasing worldwide. The effect of elevated cytokine production on clinical manifestations Increasing evidence shows that viral infection can induce severe syndromes of shock and organ failure; 8,57 this phenomenon was also investigated for COVID-19. Treg cell-based therapy The dysregulated inflammatory processes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe COVID-19 are partially due to the dysfunction of Tregs, which are responsible for inhibiting inflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256975-ma9abdj8 author = Motterle, Giovanni title = The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2726 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). We thus hypothesized that during the COVID-19 outbreak daily consultations requested by the ED were reduced compared to the same period in 2019, possibly because of more "appropriate" access to the service during the pandemic, intended as patients presenting to the ED for real urgent needs. During the COVID-19 period, the patients seeking urgent urological consult were older compared to the past year (median age 72 vs 64, p = 0.035) and there were different diagnoses of admission/discharge (p = 0.002), with almost one third (29%) presenting for urinary retention, compared to the 14.3% of the last year. cache = ./cache/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256743-v8vegody author = Papes, Dino title = Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1318 sentences = 72 flesch = 43 summary = In the aftermath, months from now, the same authors and journals will probably publish corrections and retrospectives recognizing the mentioned issues and justifying them with the need for rapid spread of information that was necessary to fight the virus. By reviewing the published material, one can determine that the majority of articles are of low quality, repetitive, hastily written, methodologically flawed and highly biased. We have determined three main issues in COVID-19 publications: 1) Non-evidence based information/recommendation. All rights reserved 3) both statistical and clinical significance criteria should be clearly defined, critically assessed and approved before conducting and publishing a study with journals being more critical and selective when publishing RCTs, systematic-reviews and meta-analyses. All rights reserved Article and specific design type such as Review, the publication was counted as a specific design type. Methodological challenges of analysing COVID-19 data during the pandemic Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal cache = ./cache/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256862-038rrdtp author = Oland, Gabriel title = Prospective Clinical Validation of 3D Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2003 sentences = 106 flesch = 46 summary = 70 adult patients (37 COVID-positive and 33 COVID-negative) underwent consecutive diagnostic RT-PCR testing, with a flocked swab followed by one or two 3D printed swabs. The decision to use 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be strongly considered by clinical and research laboratories. In the span of days-to-weeks, numerous 3D printing companies went through an iterative design process (6, 7) to meet the requirements of the NP swab: 1) to collect an adequate patient specimen from the nasopharyngeal mucosa, and 2) to elute the sample into a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay without affecting the quality of results. A minimum sample size of 30 COVID-positive and 30 COVID-negative patients for each NP swab type was chosen based on the FDA's recommendation for clinical evaluation of new diagnostics eligible for emergency use authorization (EUA). cache = ./cache/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256864-v3mxcwru author = Tang, Yueting title = Selection of an Optimal Combination Panel to Better Triage COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5124 sentences = 312 flesch = 46 summary = Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, event-free survival (EFS), and Cox analyses were performed to screen and compare the predictive capabilities of the new panel in patients with different illness severity and outcome. In discriminating the critical and mild patients, a panel combining PCT, IL-6, and neutrophil (NEUT) yielded the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.99, the sensitivity of 90.60% and specificity of 100%. In differentiating the critical and severe patients, the combination of white blood cell count (WBC), PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and SOD achieved the highest AUC of 0.95 with a sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 100%. 14 We also found COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (especially IL-6 and IL-10), indicating that cytokines may be sensitive biomarkers to predict disease outcome. Panel three (WBC, PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and SOD) had much better performance in the initial triage model in risk prediction for the critical vs severe patients. cache = ./cache/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257003-749zpxuy author = Onchonga, David title = Assessing the Prevalence of Self-Medication among Healthcare Workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Kenya date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3317 sentences = 178 flesch = 47 summary = The respondents' gender, level of education, age, marital status, level of participation in physical activity, and drug reaction events, were significantly associated with self-medication before and during the outbreak (P < 0.05). The objectives of the study included: (a) to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication reported by healthcare workers before and during the outbreak, (b) to identify the common conditions for self-medication before and during the outbreak (c) to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics and health patterns associated with self-medication among different cadres of healthcare workers before and during the outbreak. The results showed statistically significant differences between self-medication and gender, physical activity, adverse drug reaction, work shift, marital status, level of education, and cadre. The study did not find any significant association between self-medication and adverse drug reaction before the outbreak of COVID-19. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the prevalence of selfmedication and associated factors among healthcare workers in Kenya before and during outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257099-8k28vkgf author = Fan, Jingchun title = The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 155 flesch = 59 summary = To provide support to Chinese citizens who are currently overseas in 96 significant COVID-19 outbreak regions, to minimize their risk of COVID-19 infection, the Chinese 97 government has sent charter planes to evacuate Chinese citizens from a number of 98 COVID-19-affected countries, particularly Italy [14] and Iran [15] to designated provinces. here the epidemiological characteristics and the clinical features of 311 Chinese people evacuated 107 from Iran to the quarantine centre of Gansu Province. On arrival at Lanzhou 116 airport in Gansu Province, the returnees were isolated in a designated hotel and screened using 117 clinical tools i.e. thermometer, and questions concerning any symptoms, any history of close 118 contact with any known infected people or any persons with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. There was a total of 311 overseas Chinese evacuated from Iran to Gansu Province, China, arriving 150 on 3-4 March ( Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256795-j66tcamq author = Wang, Jin title = The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2017 sentences = 105 flesch = 51 summary = title: The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() Isolation or lock downs established by governments are also considered to be effective precautionary measure to control the spread of an epidemic although they are experienced as taxing because it is difficult to estimate the time of the emergency period .Therefore, the belief that the world is fair to everyone (i.e., the GBJW) may protect an individual's emotions. Therefore, in the face of psychological stress events with high interpersonal dependence, the GBJW may promote a sense of trust in others and a stable perception of the environment, which alleviates the negative impact of these events on individual emotions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic and GBJW on individual emotions during a major social disaster. cache = ./cache/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257160-40tdt7y3 author = Gupta, Rohit title = Letter to the editor in response to COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 826 sentences = 45 flesch = 40 summary = The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on modified Atlanta criteria 2 which requires presence of two of the following three features: (1) abdominal pain consistent with acute pancreatitis (acute onset of a persistent, severe, epigastric pain often radiating to the back); (2) serum lipase activity (or amylase activity) at least three times greater than the upper limit of normal; and (3) characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and less commonly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or trans-abdominal ultrasonography. This patient fulfilled two criteria i.e. pain consistent with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic enzyme elevation greater than three times upper limit of normal. A retrospective cohort study by McNabb-Baltar et al 3 in 71 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 found that, only 9 (12.1%) had hyperlipasemia (defined in this study as an elevated lipase level above the upper limit of normal (>60 U/L)), with two cases (2.8%) having greater than 3 fold elevation but without imaging evidence of acute pancreatitis. cache = ./cache/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256688-yy7abob9 author = Chavez, Summer title = Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6416 sentences = 374 flesch = 48 summary = DISCUSSION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6 ft) by respiratory droplets. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously referred to as 2019-nCoV, is the virus responsible for causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . An emergency medicine approach to COVID-19 should focus on identifying and isolating patients at risk for infection, informing hospital infection prevention and local public health authorities, and engaging infectious disease and other specialists early in care. Emergency physicians should obtain a detailed travel history from all patients and suspect COVID-19 in patients presenting with symptoms of an acute upper respiratory illness and fever. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts cache = ./cache/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256891-as6tbfrh author = Rubin, Samuel J. S. title = Clinical characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity in California date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1139 sentences = 62 flesch = 42 summary = Given the rapidly progressing COVID-19 pandemic, this report on a US cohort of 54 COVID-19 patients from Stanford Hospital and data regarding risk factors for severe disease obtained at initial clinical presentation is of high importance and is immediately clinically relevant. We identified low presenting oxygen saturation as predictive of severe disease outcomes, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and admission to the ICU, and also replicated data from China suggesting a link between hypertension and disease severity. Use of ACE-I or ARB was not significantly associated with recommendation for further hospital care, admission to ICU, diagnosis of pneumonia, or progression to ARDS. When analyzed by logistic regression to control for age, the only factor independently significantly associated with recommendation for further in-hosptial care, diagnosis of pneumonia, and progression to ARDS was initial oxygen saturation measurement as a continuous variable. Clinical characteristics of US COVID-19 patients and factors from initial presentation that associate with disease severity were identified. cache = ./cache/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257161-lx3ar43e author = Yang, Xu title = Learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2707 sentences = 173 flesch = 51 summary = PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic continuing education lectures in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous online prosthodontic education courses in China had a high number of participants but low learning progress and completion rates during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, the extent of learner participation and completion of these courses remains unknown, and the authors are unaware of research that has investigated the effectiveness of synchronous online learning during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The present observational study assessed learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic continuing education lectures in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The null hypotheses were that the completion rate of synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic would not be influenced by the specific lectures and the learners' first-visit time to the online classroom. This research assessed learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education courses in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257142-q79yy6o5 author = Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title = Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID‐19 disease severity date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3188 sentences = 172 flesch = 43 summary = Similarly, we believe that shorter CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene may be associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. A spectrum of androgenic activity would imply in polar pauciviral COVID-19 (e.g., children < 7), with null airway/fecal transmission potential, women with normal androgen activity would have low transmission potential (borderline pauciviral COVID-19), male teenagers and adults would have high transmission potential (borderline multiviral , and infected individuals with abnormally high androgen receptor activity (genetic or acquired) would represent the multiviral COVID-19 pole of the spectrum, with extremely high transmission To further test this hypothesis, it would be interesting to observe for severe COVID cases in female patients who present with increase androgens, for example, females with metabolic syndrome, or whom are using birth control methods with progestogen hormones that bind to androgen receptor. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated cache = ./cache/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257158-obskf44d author = Assefa, K. T. title = The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5123 sentences = 284 flesch = 57 summary = Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. All rights reserved. Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. All women who get maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town during the data collection period were taken as study population. cache = ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257076-uh98ilhr author = Lionis, Christos title = Challenges, priorities and tasks for the generalists at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 656 sentences = 39 flesch = 43 summary = Most reports in the evidence base, including for observational studies conducted for COVID-19, utilise this term in reference to the frequency of co-existing chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of Primary Care and Family Medicine to coordinate and support surveillance, including through community-based monitoring, has been discussed; however, concerted efforts are needed to improve the design and conduct of prevalence studies. The extend of the COVID-19 pandemic has decidedly demonstrated that the only way to monitor the pandemic effectively is to optimise the integration of public health and primary care. Updating existing curricula to enhance the capacity of generalists with motivational interviewing and compassionate care skills should extend to self-compassion and self-protection, for a sustainable health workforce to increase the resilience of healthcare systems and communities alike. Towards evidenceinformed integration of public health and primary health care: experiences from Crete. cache = ./cache/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257273-itefsyv4 author = Jefsen, O. H. title = COVID‐19‐related self‐harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 830 sentences = 58 flesch = 53 summary = H.; Rohde, C.; Nørremark, B.; Østergaard, S. describe how the COVID-19 pandemic may affect mental health and psychiatric care, and predict that suicide rates may increase because of the pandemic. 5 One of the most severe manifestations of pandemic-related psychopathology was self-harm/suicidality, which was described in 102 clinical notes from 74 patients. This effort was approved by the Chief Medical Officer of Psychiatry in the CDR as part of a quality development project ('COVID-19 and mental disorders') aiming at optimizing the detection and care of patients with pandemic-related psychopathology. 3 Although we have no knowledge of the counterfactual (how these patients would have fared without the pandemic), our results seem compatible with the COVID-19 crisis leading to increased self-harm/suicidality in individuals with mental disorders, thereby corroborating the concern expressed by Madsen et al. Psychiatric symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257102-5i0zxhs1 author = Abraham, Leola A. title = How COVID-19’s Disruption of the U.S. Correctional System Provides an Opportunity for Decarceration date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5268 sentences = 236 flesch = 44 summary = The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) (U.S. Congress 2020), gave the DOJ and the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) greater authority to release high-risk prisoners to home confinement; The First Step Act (Sullivan 2018) increased the availability of compassionate release; and the Bail Reform Act (BRA) (Adair Jr. 2006) , has a pretrial release provision. In addition, U.S. Attorney General William Barr issued memorandas to the BOP that provided guidance on how the department should implement its statutory authorities to respond to the crisis, including focusing on early release to home confinement for those who met certain conditions. In the April 3, 2020 memo, Attorney General Barr directed the BOP to prioritize early release of prisoners from at least three specific federal institutions fighting major coronavirus outbreaks, and to "immediately maximize" appropriate transfers to home confinement (Barr 2020b, 4/3) . cache = ./cache/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257312-z6rmd0sg author = Dörr, Rolf title = Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 664 sentences = 45 flesch = 51 summary = title: Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology If there is any suspicion of acute coronavirus infection, the planned cardiology visit should be postponed, and the patient should be immediately referred to an outpatient coronavirus center for SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing. Among 5179 patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, there was no evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. Consider a lung CT scan as firstline testing method in patients with acute dyspnea and elevated body temperature In patients with acute dyspnea of unknown origin and elevated body temperature, a lung CT scan may be considered for confirmation of COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic and cardiac imaging: EACVI recommendations on precautions, indications, prioritization, and protection for patients and healthcare personnel cache = ./cache/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257268-6a6nc2k7 author = Kennelly, S. P. title = Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 214 flesch = 58 summary = Aims: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Ireland, proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident, symptom-profile and resident case-fatality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 doi: medRxiv preprint Manuscript word count: 2498 words References: 14 Tables: 3 Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related illness COVID-19 has disproportionately affected nursing home (NH) residents since its emergence in late 2019 [1] . We aimed to examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Dublin/Eastern Ireland, the proportion with outbreaks of COVID-19, symptom profile for staff and residents, and resident mortality rates. NHs with "early" outbreaks had a higher number of deaths expressed as a proportion of total residents but similar case-fatality rates for residents with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 as NHs with "late" outbreaks [ Table 3 ]. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 doi: medRxiv preprint In ten NHs with COVID-19 where total staffing levels were recorded, the median proportion of residents with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 was 43.7% (IQR 34.6-53.4%). cache = ./cache/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257344-d13at1y5 author = Ghasemiyeh, Parisa title = COVID-19 Outbreak: Challenges in Pharmacotherapy Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Drug Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Infection date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 297 flesch = 41 summary = Patients with predisposing diseases are highly prone to COVID-19 and manifesting severe infection especially with organ function damage such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and death. Patients with underlying diseases are highly prone to present with severe infection especially with organ function damage such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), septic shock, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 10, 13 . Results of another systematic review and meta-analysis on 53 randomized clinical trials on administration of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 management revealed that hydroxychloroquine administration (case group) was significantly associated with higher incidence of total adverse effects in comparison to placebo or no treatment (control group) in overall population of patients with COVID-19 45 . Almost all of the potential drugs in COVID-19 treatment containing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin, and lopinavir/ritonavir have hepatic metabolism. cache = ./cache/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257263-906epvo1 author = Martellucci, Cecilia Acuti title = Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1542 sentences = 91 flesch = 59 summary = Although the epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Italy on January 31, 2020, no reports on the use of GIS-based maps have been published to analyze the distinct differences in incidence rates across its regions and provinces during the last months. For these reasons, we have developed epidemiological maps of incidence rates using official populations, by regions (1st administrative level of the country) and provinces (2nd administrative level), for COVID-19 in Italy using GIS. Surveillance cases data of the cumulative number at March 15, April 18, and June 8, 2020, officially reported by the Italian health authorities were used to estimate the cumulated incidence rates on those dates using reference population data on SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infections (cases/100,000 pop) and to develop the maps by regions and provinces, using the GIS software Kosmo ® 3.1, as performed in previous related studies [6, 7] . cache = ./cache/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257274-fzyamd7v author = Peiro-Garcia, Alejandro title = How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: a preliminary report date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3906 sentences = 192 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSION: According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. Census data from 14 March 2018 to 14 April 2020, including our paediatric orthopaedics outpatient clinic, paediatric trauma emergency department (ED) and paediatric orthopaedic and trauma surgical cases were reviewed to compare the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. In Figure 2 , *Univariate statistical analysis consisted of a student two-tailed t-test to compare the outcomes of mean number of consultations (including onsite and telemedicine), mean number of surgical procedures (including elective and urgent) and emergencies between 2018, 2019 and 2020 (including triage level). As the COVID-19 pandemic has interfered in our daily practice, we have found a decrease in the number of paediatric trauma patients admitted to our ED, the number of patients visiting onsite to our paediatric orthopaedic clinic and the number of elective cases compared with other years. cache = ./cache/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257468-woyycghi author = Basso, Trude title = Transmission of infection from non-isolated patients with COVID-19 to health care workers date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1824 sentences = 114 flesch = 59 summary = This study evaluated transmission of infection from a symptomatic patient with COVID-19 to 60 HCWs exposed ≤2 m for ≥15 minutes, or during aerosol generating procedures. Following ≥106 unique high-risk contacts, none of the HCWs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or had developed antibodies. These results were in accordance with other reports and should reassure HCWs and further stimulate a broader evaluation of the foundation for the current practice of home-quarantine of non-symptomatic HCWs. During the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the proportion of health care workers (HCWs) amongst verified, infected individuals, has been reported somewhere between 10 and 20 % [1, 2] . In this study we found that ≥106 unique close contact exposures, including 12 contacts during AGPs with a nonisolated patient with COVID-19, resulted in no SARS-CoV-2 transmissions from patient to HCWs. With one exception, all included HCWs were certain or quite certain that their adherence to the hand hygiene procedure had been proper at the time of exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257191-u5xnmsv8 author = Farshi, Esmaeil title = Investigation of immune cells on elimination of pulmonary‐Infected COVID‐19 and important role of innate immunity, phagocytes date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 128 flesch = 53 summary = [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Lethal disease in BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV, MA15, showed a lack of activation of innate immune response, resulting in a barely detectable antivirus T cell response. 8 On the other hand, aged BALB/c mice that were infected with a human clinical isolate of SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) successfully eliminated the invasive virus within 1 week post-infection; these mice exhibited high and prolonged levels of viral replication, signs consistent with clinical symptoms, and pathologic changes in the lung resembling those seen in elderly SARS patients. In this study, we attempted to identify the types of immune cells that contribute to clearing COVID-19 during the acute phase of the infection in mice models plus human. Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in senescent BALB/c mice: CD4+ T cells are important in control of SARS-CoV infection cache = ./cache/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257429-k1rgljmu author = Daga, S. title = Employing a Systematic Approach to Biobanking and Analyzing Genetic and Clinical Data for Advancing COVID-19 Research date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6329 sentences = 357 flesch = 47 summary = The GEN-COVID Multicenter Study was designed to collect and systematize biological samples and clinical data across multiple hospitals and health facilities in Italy with the purpose of deriving patient-level phenotypic and genotypic data and the specific intention to make samples and data available to COVID-19 researchers globally. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161307 doi: medRxiv preprint complete datasets are then used within the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study for identifying multi-organ involvement in COVID-19, defining genetic parameters for infection susceptibility within the population, and mapping genetically COVID-19 severity and clinical complexity among patients. In order to ensure a collection that could be, as much as possible, comprehensive and representative of the Italian population, hospitals from across Italy, local healthcare units, and departments of preventive medicine were involved in collecting samples and associated patient-level data for the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study. cache = ./cache/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257144-3q0un5rl author = Giri, Allan title = Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5580 sentences = 285 flesch = 45 summary = title: Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) are two anti-malarial drugs that are now being extensively used by front-line healthcare workers and other common people as a prophylactic drug against the Corona Virus Disease − 19 (COVID-19) in India and as well as in many parts of the world. Thus, we recognize the need to critically review the mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects of these drugs, to find out whether it is safe to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19. Moreover, the potentials of these drugs as Fig. 5 Endosomal TLR 7 and 9 inhibition by HCQ and CQ: Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 initiate immune response when it encounters microbial nucleic acids (only shown here is a viral particle). cache = ./cache/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257214-cje7sey1 author = Pranata, Raymond title = Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 926 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many health-care providers have urged patients to limit or delay non-urgent visits to minimize the risk of transmission. The inclusion criteria were studies that compared OHCA in 2020 to previous years and reported any of the following: (1) proportion of out-of-hospital mortality, (2) proportion of unwitnessed cardiac arrest, (3) proportion of bystander CPR, or (4) proportion of shockable rhythm. Unwitnessed cardiac arrest prolonged the time from collapse to CPR, which is associated with poorer outcomes [12] . Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia-a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256961-935r7w01 author = Lu, S. title = Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoids to Treat COVID-19: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5136 sentences = 465 flesch = 57 summary = We included RCTs and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids in children and adults with COVID-19, SARS and MERS, and conducted meta-analyses of the main indicators that were identified in the studies. We used the following search: ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019 novel coronavirus" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "Wuhan coronavirus" OR "novel coronavirus" OR "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus" OR "Wuhan virus" OR "MERS" OR "SARS" OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" OR "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus" OR "Influenza") AND ("adrenal cortex hormones" OR " betamethasone valerate " OR " glucocorticoids" OR " methylprednisolone" OR "Cortisone" OR "Dexamethasone" OR "Cortodoxone" OR "Hydrocortisone"). Five cohort studies (one on COVID-19, three on SARS, one on severe MERS) with a total of 5872 patients assessed the duration of hospital stay (29, 31, 35, 37, 41 Figure 9 ). cache = ./cache/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author = Lee, James S. title = Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1296 sentences = 79 flesch = 52 summary = In May 2020, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) opened three COVID-19 treatment centres (CTC) in Sanaa and Aden, Yemen [1] . MSF's three CTCs included wards and ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) received global attention but is only the visible "tip of the iceberg" for COVID-19 care. Each ICU had contextspecific resource constraints resulting in differences in the package of care related to equipment (ultrasound), investigations (laboratory, x-ray), oxygen supply, nutrition, medications, and staff (specialist doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, logisticians). Prone positioning had never been performed locally, but successfully taught in all 3 ICUs. Teaching critical care concepts within a few days (which typically take years of training) was challenging enough, but further complexity was added by simultaneously managing patients with a new disease, where medical knowledge of COVID-19 was evolving daily. cache = ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257357-u1npw7tw author = Lagunas‐Rangel, Francisco Alejandro title = Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A meta‐analysis date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 423 sentences = 37 flesch = 45 summary = Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) are established inflammation markers that reflect systemic inflammatory response, and both are available in almost all laboratories. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether NLR and LCR values can help predict clinical severity in patients with COVID-19. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis Despite several reports describing increased levels of neutrophils and C-reactive protein along with a decrease in lymphocyte numbers in patients with COVID-19, 2,6-10 until now, very few reports have considered the cost-effective markers NLR and LCR to aid complication predictions. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257258-hu9oxea1 author = Chabner, Bruce A. title = Taking the Longer View of COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1810 sentences = 88 flesch = 39 summary = In the absence of a vaccine or effective antivirals, social distancing is currently the primary public health strategy for containing the epidemic and has been successful in South Korea and China, where it was stringently employed. Regarding the chances of creating an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the U.S. the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) of the Department of Health and Human Services is devoting significant support for two currently approved trials: a lipid nanoparticle vaccine that contains mRNAs directing the synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Moderna) and an adenovirus construct of virus material co-supported by Johnson & Johnson [1] . However, vaccine development and its worldwide implementation, coupled with effective antiviral treatment, will be required to control COVID-19 and prevent another pandemic. In order to be ready for the next iteration of COVID-19, the worldwide medical community will need to cooperate in conducting extensive clinical trials of vaccines, antivirals, and immune therapies on an accelerated time scale. cache = ./cache/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257056-0z3qiz6p author = Kivuti-Bitok, L. W. title = System Dynamics Model of Possible Covid-19 Trajectories Under Various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options in Low Resource Setting. date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3840 sentences = 284 flesch = 55 summary = We present a population-based System Dynamics Model (SDM) of possible Covid-19 trajectories under various intervention options in the uniqueness of Kenya. Since total lockdown of the country would not be feasible due to possible catastrophic social-economic impact, we assumed a scenario whereby the general population would is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint As demonstrated in Fig 11, realistic intervention levels of all the selected non pharmaceutical interventions; effectiveness of physical distancing and hand hygiene at 65%, curfew at 80%, quarantining at 80% and person to person contact at maximum of 30) would result to a delay of peak of Covid-19 cases from 178 th day since first confirmed infection to a peak of 246 th day allowing approximately 67 extra days for preparedness of health care system. cache = ./cache/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257309-sazs5wgh author = Ho, Hsi-en title = Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1341 sentences = 87 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City Main Text: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remains an ongoing pandemic, and data on the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are limited (1) (2) (3) . Here, we report the clinical features and outcomes of Covid-19 in patients from a large PID center in New York City during this period. Twelve out of 16 patients required hospitalization, 5 of which involved intensive care unit In all, 4/16 individuals died (CVID, n=2; hypogammaglobulinemia, n=1; IgA-IgG2 deficiency, n=1) and 12/16 individuals recovered from COVID-19. Lymphopenia in Covid-19 has been associated with disease severity in patients without PIDs (5) . This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI). cache = ./cache/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257556-lmws8eed author = Rafiq, Danish title = Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3195 sentences = 223 flesch = 50 summary = 2 While several other human coronaviruses such as HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 cause mild respiratory disease, others like the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV tend to have a higher fatality rate 6 (summarized in Table 1 ). Typical of respiratory viruses like influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2019 can spread through large droplets (with a transmission risk restricted tõ 6 ft from the patient). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: a data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author = Flythe, Jennifer E. title = Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4368 sentences = 211 flesch = 38 summary = PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. In this study of over 4,200 critically ill adult patients admitted to 68 U.S. ICUs with COVID-19, we found that having pre-existing kidney disease was associated with higher inhospital mortality rates, with the strength of this association varying by degree of baseline kidney dysfunction. Association between pre-existing kidney disease and 14-day in-hospital outcomes among critically ill COVID-19 patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Supplemental Table S8 . cache = ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257374-8js7f9a3 author = Watson, A. title = COVID-19 in Youth Soccer date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3731 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the case and incidence rates of COVID-19 among youth soccer players and evaluate the relationship with background COVID-19 risk and phase of return to play. Methods: Surveys were distributed to soccer clubs throughout the country regarding their phase of return to soccer (individual only, group non-contact, group contact) and date of reinitiation, number of players, cases of COVID-19, and risk reduction procedures that were being implemented. Finally, to evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 cases and phase of play while adjusting for the local disease burden, a negative binomial regression model was developed to predict the number of club cases, including the incidence rate within each county in the prior 10 weeks, the phase of current soccer play for each club (contact, non-contact) and the log of player-days as an offset in the model. cache = ./cache/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257613-o0q7hvn3 author = Shafiee, Abbas title = Coronavirus disease 2019: A tissue engineering and regenerative medicine perspective date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3427 sentences = 199 flesch = 43 summary = To date, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) products, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their derivatives (eg, exosomes) for coronavirus infections, which could be applied for the COVID‐19. Over the COVID-19 outbreak, the funding for many TERM projects is being cut, which has a significant impact on the present and future of Current clinical trials highlight the potential benefits of stem cell therapies for COVID-19 patients. Effective multi-institutional collaboration and adequate funding from government and nongovernment sources are also needed to collect and analyze the data from ongoing and new human trials, to better understand the potential benefits of stem cell therapies for COVID-19 patients. Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. Treatment with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (START study): a randomised phase 2a safety trial cache = ./cache/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257611-z0sng9sx author = Kalantari, Hamidreza title = Determination of COVID-19 prevalence with regards to age range of patients referring to the hospitals located in western Tehran, Iran date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2796 sentences = 148 flesch = 61 summary = We decided to examine suspected samples of pneumonia outbreak caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and provide information about the mortality rate due to this infection in different age groups in Iran. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, a total of 784 samples of naso/oropharyngeal swabs of suspected patients with COVID-19 symptoms who had referred to Imam Khomeini, Shahid Fayaz-Bakhsh and Modarres hospitals in Tehran from February 24, 2020 to March 24, 2020 were examined by RT-PCR method. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at targeting these three genes using real-time RT-PCR method to examine suspected samples of COVID-19 and to determine the mortality rate due to this infection in different age groups in Iran. This was in accordance with the results of the present study, in which the highest number of deaths and positive cases were reported in people in the age group of >70 years. cache = ./cache/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257729-s0vo7dlk author = Bauer, Melissa title = Obstetric Anesthesia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4278 sentences = 212 flesch = 38 summary = T he management of obstetric patients infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) due to human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires quite unique considerations-from caring for critically ill pregnant and postpartum women to protecting health care workers from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members, and beyond). 4 An additional manifestation noted among patients with COVID-19 infection is the sudden loss (or reduction) of the sense of smell and taste, which is currently recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. cache = ./cache/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257718-72b0edg6 author = Romanelli, John title = The COVID-19 reset: lessons from the pandemic on Burnout and the Practice of Surgery date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4665 sentences = 219 flesch = 47 summary = Although many mechanisms to address Burnout are from a defensive standpoint—including coping mechanisms, problem solving, and identification of a physician having wellness difficulties—offensive mechanisms such as pursuing purpose and meaning and finding joy in one's work can serve as reset points that promote thriving and fulfillment. Strategies such as mindfulness training, exercise, taking time-off and ways to improve work/life integration seemed to say that the problem was with the doctors, failing to target significant underlying problems related to the electronic medical record (EMR), performance metrics and lack of flexibility and autonomy that diverted us from activities to improve patient care while taking care of ourselves [1] . The objectives were to identify strategies that promote joy in the practice of surgery, both through identification of surgeon habits that support optimal performance but also through encouraging institutions to commit to healthier, more efficient and positive work environments. Surgeons may be vulnerable to a lack of joy, even Burnout when professional pursuits lose their meaning and purpose, a negative influence which can impact personal lives and relationships. cache = ./cache/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257555-tmuvbq1k author = Munsch, N. title = A benchmark of online COVID-19 symptom checkers date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3637 sentences = 197 flesch = 57 summary = Results We find that the number of correctly assessed cases varies considerably between different symptom checkers, with Symptoma (F1=0.92, MCC=0.85) showing the overall best performance followed by Infermedica (F1=0.80, MCC=0.61). In the following, we present a study evaluating 10 different COVID-19 online symptom checkers using 50 COVID-19 cases extracted from the literature and 410 non-COVID-19 control cases of patients with other diseases. Under these constraints and when COVID-19 positive is defined by high risk only, Symptoma still significantly outperforms Apple and Cleveland Clinic, while performing statistically similar to six of the remaining symptom checkers (upper panel of Fig 2B ) . Full table of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score and MCC for Symptoma constrained by each symptom checker (COVID-19 positive defined by "medium risk" or "high risk" for non binary symptom checkers) cache = ./cache/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author = Azzi, Lorenzo title = Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3510 sentences = 201 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. At present, Real Time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory specimens represents the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 10 , 11 Sputum and oropharyngeal secretions have recently been suggested as a possible target for the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, 12 and salivary droplets represent the main source of the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection when social distance is less than 2 m. There were not significant differences regarding the clinical and anamnestic history between males and females, with the only exception of the values of serum LDH, which were higher in the female patients' haematochemical analyses carried out on the day of saliva collection ( p = 0.025). cache = ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257566-56h2jmn9 author = Zamboni, Paolo title = COVID-19 as a Vascular Disease: Lesson Learned from Imaging and Blood Biomarkers date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5579 sentences = 271 flesch = 45 summary = The ultrasound imaging patterns at both the lung and peripheral vascular level can also be very useful weapons that have the advantage of being able to monitor longitudinally the clinical picture, something that real-time PCR/nasopharyngeal swab is not able to do and that CT can only pursue with significant radiation exposure. Indeed, of the 72,314 COVID-19 patients at the Wuhan University Hospital, only 62% had a positive swab-PCR [1] , with diagnosis in the remaining 38% of cases achieved through contact history, symptoms, blood chemistry tests and pulmonary CT. The introduction of the severity score leads us to prefer LUS to both swab-PCR and CT scan for the following clinical needs:  When following-up the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia, in situations where the use of a CT scan would expose the patient to an excess of radiation. cache = ./cache/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257746-pqom76hk author = Franic, Tomislav title = Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health – Croatian (in)experience date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2393 sentences = 127 flesch = 57 summary = In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis. People have many fears relating to the present situation: they fear for the health and well-being of family and loved ones regarding covid-19 infection; they fear the length of time the pandemic will last; they fear the economic fallout from the crisis (perhaps unlike anything seen in our lifetimes) and they fear the uncertainty of the future. This might direct CAMH professionals not only toward the mental health needs of children and adolescents, but also of parents caused by the Covid-19 crisis to address possible mental health issues. cache = ./cache/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257447-lwz5k0r8 author = Whitehead, Brenda R title = COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3144 sentences = 184 flesch = 57 summary = Based on the stress and coping framework, PS is expected to mediate the association between COVID-19 expectations and NA METHOD: 714 residents of the US and aged 60 and older completed an anonymous online survey in late March 2020 reporting PS, NA, and expectations regarding the pandemic RESULTS: Regression analyses controlling for demographic factors revealed that more dire pandemic expectations significantly predicted PS and NA directly, and the effects on NA were significantly mediated by PS DISCUSSION: Findings provide evidence that expectations about a pandemic influence the extent to which older adults experience stress and NA in the midst of a pandemic event. In the event of additional COVID-19 waves, future pandemic events, or even other broad-scale stressors, understanding how event expectations are associated with older adults' stress experience will permit clinicians and gerontologists to more effectively support clients in distress and limit its downstream health effects. cache = ./cache/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257408-ejhhk1iu author = Goss, Matthew B. title = The Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Experience with COVID‐19: An Initial Multi‐Center, Multi‐Organ Case Series date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2294 sentences = 146 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Our multi‐institutional experience suggests the prognoses of pediatric transplant recipients infected with COVID‐19 may mirror those of immunocompetent children, with infrequent hospitalization and minimal treatment, if any, required. Many adult centers (2) (3) (4) have suggested that transplant recipients are at particular risk for an arduous clinical course given their immunocompromised state, though highly associated comorbidities exist as confounders and appear to play a significant role in COVID-19 outcomes for the transplant subpopulation (5) . Data were collected via institutions' respective electronic medical record systems and were reviewed for patient characteristics, history of recent exposure, timing of presentation, symptomatology, laboratory values, immunosuppression management, antiviral treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes. To date, the bulk of the literature examining COVID-19 following transplant is adult focused, with pediatric reports limited to single patient experiences. Comorbidities associated with a severe COVID-19 clinical phenotype among adult transplant recipients, e.g. hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, (14) are less prevalent in the pediatric population. cache = ./cache/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257751-n7w1psr4 author = Halperin, Daniel T. title = Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6378 sentences = 386 flesch = 57 summary = As we wrestle with how best to mitigate COVID-19, it is imperative to concur on the likely main drivers of transmission (notably, infection clusters resulting from prolonged indoor respiratory exposure) in order to clearly explain risk and to determine the most effective, realistic behavioral and other means to reduce illness and mortality. What is clear, based on evidence from several countries (and despite media attention to statistically anomalous cases of healthy and younger victims), is that severe outcomes and deaths from COVID-19 are overwhelmingly associated with preexisting (and especially multiple) serious illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease, [14] [15] [16] more so in men and particularly when exacerbated by obesity and smoking. Moreover, the fact that between 96% (in the United States 16 ) and more than 99% (in Italy 14 ) of COVID-19-related deaths, at any age, have occurred in persons with preexisting conditions could suggest that even very old but otherwise healthy people may not be at greatly elevated risk of dying from the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257600-0plhquk9 author = Calles, Antonio title = Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in Madrid date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6981 sentences = 353 flesch = 47 summary = Differences in health-care systems, in the incidence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by geographic regions, and patient access to intensive support care -including MVand treatment with antivirals or anti-IL6/IL1 agents may ultimately influence outcomes in patients with lung cancer affected by COVID-19. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients with COVID-19 attended in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, one of the most hit regions by coronavirus in the world so far, and analyze factors associated with worse outcome, including type of treatment receiving at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. We performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR to every suspicious case and included all lung cancer patients attended at our hospital (emergency room, hospitalization, ambulatory office, day care area). Data from Wuhan, in China, showed that active cancer treatment received in the 14 days before SARS-CoV-2 infection had an increase on the risk of severe outcomes of COVID-19 (HR 4.079, 95%CI, 1.086-15.322; p = 0.037) (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257603-ov0b8yub author = Azlan, Arina Anis title = Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4685 sentences = 256 flesch = 54 summary = To measure practices, participants were asked yes/no questions on whether they had avoided going to crowded places such as weddings; wore a face mask when leaving home; and whether they practiced proper hand hygiene in the week before the movement control order (MCO). The first question asked whether or not they agreed that the COVID-19 situation would be successfully controlled; second, whether they thought Malaysia would be able to win its battle against the virus; and third, whether they thought the Malaysian government was handling the health crisis well [Fig 1] . Practices toward COVID-19 were measured using three questions enquiring on: 1) avoidance of crowded places, 2) wearing of face masks; and 3) practising proper hand hygiene in the week before the Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in Malaysia [Fig 2] . Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 in Malaysia residents in the Eastern region and retirees were among the highest percentage of participants who had not practised good hand hygiene in the week before the MCO. cache = ./cache/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257806-jcc7ljcm author = Yao, Jasper Seth title = Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 204 sentences = 22 flesch = 60 summary = key: cord-257806-jcc7ljcm title: Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic cord_uid: jcc7ljcm We provide a detailed history of patients of older age with dementia who developed Covid-19. While in large cohorts, fever and cough are the most common presenting symptoms among Covid-19 patients, 1 our findings show that dyspnea and altered mental status may manifest as the prominent symptoms of Covid-19 among patients of older age with dementia. As the majority of this cohort was unable to provide their own history in the emergency department, it is possible that Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Prevalence of dementia in the United States: The aging, demographics, and memory study Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease Is Suspected Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257814-h7n4nw4w author = Holm, Are M. title = Ethical Considerations regarding Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force Statement date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2220 sentences = 118 flesch = 44 summary = We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic. We outline the classical ethical framework that guides heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and discuss adaptations to this construct during different stages of the ongoing pandemic. In order to analyze how to adjust treatment strategies for advanced heart and lung disease, we propose separating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from a healthcare system perspective into different stages. Recommendation: Similar rationing for all kinds of treatment and a commitment to maximize the number of lives saved suggests the development of an appropriate process to allocate critical care resources to patients who may become organ donors. cache = ./cache/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author = Wallis, Christopher J.D. title = The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7908 sentences = 371 flesch = 35 summary = EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. Several themes emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that would be critical or beneficial to genitourinary cancer care in the future ( Fig. 1) : first, reduced in-person interactions argued for increasing virtual and image-based care; second, optimising the delivery of care to include better triage, understanding and addressing mental health implications due to less in-person care, and maintaining high-quality research and education endeavours are necessary; and third, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities may affect decision-making by patients and their families. cache = ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257781-ybpliz32 author = Jones, Eben title = Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumothorax in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3472 sentences = 190 flesch = 44 summary = IMPORTANCE: Management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 relies on advanced respiratory support modalities including invasive mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and noninvasive ventilation, all of which are associated with the development of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax (herein collectively termed barotrauma). Barotrauma cases had longer illness duration prior to critical care admission (10 vs 7 d; interquartile range, 8–14 and 6–10, respectively; p = 0.073) and were more often treated with continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation as the initial modality of advanced respiratory support (87.5% vs 36.0%; p = 0.007). Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax-herein collectively termed "barotrauma" (referring to the manifestation, rather than etiologic mechanism, of airway tract damage and resultant extra-alveolar air)-are known complications of all forms of positive pressure respiratory support and are associated with multiple organ failure and death (6) . cache = ./cache/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author = Ghisolfi, Selene title = Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3980 sentences = 189 flesch = 50 summary = Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. To account for the likelihood of higher fatality rates in under-resourced health systems, we adjust the predicted IFRs for differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between world regions as a proxy for local capacity to treat viral respiratory illnesses. We can test the validity of our core assumption, namely, that variation in age, sex and comorbidity distributions as well as health system capacity explain differences in IFRs across countries by comparing our predicted IFRs to independently measured IFRs. For this exercise, we consider all studies reporting either IFRs or infection rates for populations with available COVID-19 fatalities, which were listed in the systematic review by Meyerowitz-Katz and Merone 17 or retrieved through an online search on July 2. cache = ./cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257824-qz6yxuph author = Fuertes, Víctor title = Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3485 sentences = 199 flesch = 54 summary = title: Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report The total amount of procedures currently being performed ranged from 0 to 44% of the figures before the coronavirus outbreak, except for one department, with elective surgery mainly affected. The total amount of procedures currently being performed ranged from 0 to 44% of the figures before the coronavirus outbreak (Fig. 1a, b) ; except for one hospital, that was declared to maintain the same surgical activity (100%). Some of the more prevalent measures include screening protocols for Coronavirus among patients and workers, increasing hygiene measures, reducing the number of visitors per patient, directing burn patients who tested positive to other units and trying to apply day-care/ delay surgeries whenever this is possible. This might pose a challenge against the delivery of emergency surgeries and cancer care to our community if this pandemic lasts for a prolonged period long time According to our analysis, reductions of about 20-50% in the total number of consultants per team may lead to this situation. cache = ./cache/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257889-zcxn5cx0 author = Aledo‐Serrano, Ángel title = Genetic epilepsies and COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from the caregiver perspective date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1046 sentences = 58 flesch = 48 summary = Caregivers reported a series of partly overlapping factors that could contribute to seizure or behavioral deterioration: (1) new onset symptoms of anxiety (68.6%) or depression (69.7%) in caregivers, (2) inability to reach their neurologist using telemedicine resources (62.8%), (3) living in homes without a terrace or yard (62.8%), (4) economic problems (62.4%), (5) loss of regular stimulation and physical therapies (51.8%), (6) avoidance of seeking medical advice for serious health issues in the emergency department due to fear of COVID-19 (20.6%), (7) cancelation of essential medical appointments (18.5%), and (8) difficulties finding their antiseizure medication (ASM) at a pharmacy (8.3%). In conclusion, although more research is needed and a cross-sectional design has obvious limitations, patients with DEEs and their caregivers face multiple challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic that might lead to worse seizure and psychological outcomes in this population. cache = ./cache/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257707-brrrg4fr author = Jayasighe, Ravindri title = Quality of online information for the general public on COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2130 sentences = 134 flesch = 50 summary = Validated tools were used to assess readability [Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES)], usability and reliability (LIDA tool) and quality (DISCERN instrument). CONCLUSION: The majority of websites on COVID-19 for the public had moderate to low scores with regards to readability, usability, reliability and quality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Prompt strategies should be implemented to standardize online health information on COVID-19 during this pandemic to ensure the general public has access to good quality reliable information. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyse the current COVID-19 websites targeting the general public in terms of quality, usability, readability, and reliability using a wide search strategy and validated instruments. So far only a limited number of studies have been done to assess the quality of health information websites related to COVID-19. This study has shown the quality, readability, usability, and reliability of the information on COVID-19 on majority of websites providing health information to the general public are to be of substandard quality. cache = ./cache/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257867-3j6o1nko author = Romano, Nicola title = Pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 335 sentences = 23 flesch = 41 summary = We herein report two cases of pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia, in patients who underwent chest-CT scan in our Hospital. Unenhanced chest CT-scan revealed the presence of some small ground-glass opacities bilaterally, in particular in paracardiac regions of superior and inferior lobes, findings compatible with Covid-19 pneumonia. Surprisingly, an amount of free air bubbles was present in the superficial cervical soft tissue (around sternocleidomastoid muscles and thyroid gland) and descending into the mediastinal cavity (around trachea, esophagus and great vessels) [ Figure 1A , known, a spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused by a pressure gradient between the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium leading to alveolar breakdown as described by Macklin. In cases of infection by SRAS-COV, pneumomediastinum may be related to damage and rupture of alveolar membrane caused by the virus [3, 5] . COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: 41 cases cache = ./cache/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257933-qpf1tiod author = Liu, Chao title = The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1048 sentences = 61 flesch = 54 summary = title: The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers In the first part of this study, an interrupted time-series design was applied to estimate the trends in hospitalization for patients with DFUs before the COVID-19 outbreak to generate the predicted value in 2020. When the time frame was stratified, there were significant differences between groups regarding the median intervals from patient-reported DFU onset to their medical visits (75 [49-120] days vs. This study suggests that the COVID-19 outbreak has had serious and disruptive effects on the delivery of DFU care, in terms of considerable drops in hospitalization and extended periods in treatment. In summary, the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affects the delivery of DFU care. The authors would like to thank all front-line health care workers for their efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.Funding. cache = ./cache/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257944-a59ph9c5 author = Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto title = COVID-19 findings identified in chest computed tomography: a pictorial essay date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1564 sentences = 118 flesch = 53 summary = (3) Some studies have demonstrated an initial non-negligible false-negative rate, even in symptomatic patientspart of them already presenting characteristic imaging abnormalities in chest computed tomography (CT) and only later becoming positive on laboratory results. (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) The objective of this article was to present examples of tomographic findings described in pneumonia caused by COVID-19, so that healthcare professionals working during this pandemic can be familiar with the disease and identify suspected patients quicker. (14, 15) Ground-ground-glass opacities are the most common and early finding (approximately zero to 4 days after onset of symptoms) in COVID-19 patients; they often present bilateral, peripheral and subpleural distribution in the lower lobes (Figures 1 and 2) . (14, 15) It was originally described as a specific finding for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; however, it was later observed in patients with several other diseases, such as COVID-19 (11) (Figures 7 and 8 ). cache = ./cache/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257939-tgpsd3r7 author = Haider, Maryam B. title = A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1496 sentences = 101 flesch = 49 summary = title: A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report Patient: Female, 46-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID provoked thromboembolism Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases • General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs because of a novel enveloped ribonucleic acid coronavirus called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we describe a case of COVID-19 provoked pulmonary embolism in a young patient already receiving prophylactic treatment for VTE. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the case suggested that low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent VTE in COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we describe a case of COVID-19 that provoked PE in a young patient already receiving prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The findings of the case suggested that low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent VTE in COVID-19 patients with proinflammatory state. cache = ./cache/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257884-5exwwxin author = Kumar, Rajesh title = Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2109 sentences = 158 flesch = 55 summary = We report a case whose first manifestation of COVID-19 was pericarditis, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, without any serious complications. We present a case where pericarditis, in the absence of the classic COVID-19 signs or symptoms, is the only evident manifestation of the disease. 1 2 Chest pain in COVID-19 may have cardiac causes, including acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis and myocarditis. 3 We present the first described case of acute pericarditis in the absence of initial respiratory symptoms secondary to COVID-19. 7 To our knowledge this is the first case where COVID-19 presents as pericarditis, in the absence of evident respiratory or myocardial involvement. This case highlights the importance of recognising COVID-19 infection with atypical clinical presentations such as pericarditis and non-specific ECG changes, and coordination with healthcare team regarding prompt isolation to decrease the risk of transmission of the virus and if any need of early hospitalisation. cache = ./cache/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258012-wzwowl4l author = Zhaori, Getu title = Smoke evacuation, is it important for prevention of COVID‐19? date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1083 sentences = 58 flesch = 55 summary = A Method for smoke evacuation in laparoscopic surgeries for suspected coronavirus infected patients reported by Drs. Mints Y et al 1 in Ann Surg a month ago, is one of the outstanding examples that can prevent transmission of the disease via the smoke produced during the laparoscopic surgery from a suspected or confirmed patient with COVID-19. To effectively apply such a filtering and evacuation of smoke produced during laparoscopic surgery in a patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, any surgeons outside the EAES have to solve the following important problems: Then we need to consider how to prevent and control possible spreading of the pathogen via the smoke during the surgery through the different endoscopes as long as the patient is a suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 carrier. cache = ./cache/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258019-njky7v5x author = Kinaret, Pia A.S. title = Covid-19 acute responses and possible long term consequences: What nanotoxicology can teach us date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1359 sentences = 79 flesch = 40 summary = However, similarities between the responses to SARS-CoV-2 and certain nanomaterials suggest fibrotic pulmonary disease as a concern for public health in the next future. Also rigid multi-walled carbon nanotubes (rMWCNT), among other nanomaterials, induce innate immune response by activation of NF-κB, STAT3 and HIF-1/2, and consequent cytokine cascade [15, 16] . As the Covid-19 disease progresses, massive damage of the pulmonary tissue occurs by induction of an uncontrolled innate immune response, mainly mediated by M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages and granulocytes. Moreover, up-regulation of antigen processing pathways, RIG-1 and several viral-induced human disease pathways have been reported consequently to carbon nanomaterial exposure, both in vitro [23] and in murine lung in vivo [19, 24] . On the other hand, certain nanoparticles might induce lung fibrosis by a combination of metabolic tissue damage and primary activation of the innate immune cells. Here we summarized noticeable cellular and molecular similarities between the acute responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and certain nanomaterials exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258018-29vtxz89 author = Cooper, Ian title = A SIR model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in different communities date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5815 sentences = 268 flesch = 57 summary = The data in [29] for China, South Korea, India, Australia, USA, Italy and the state of Texas (communities) are organised in the form of time-series where the rows are recordings in time (from January to June, 2020), and the three columns are, the total cases I d tot (first column), number of infected individuals I d (second column) and deaths D d (third column). Assuming the published data are reliable, the SIR model (1) can be applied to assess the spread of the COVID-19 disease and predict the number of infected, removed and recovered populations and deaths in the communities, accommodating at the same time possible surges in the number of susceptible individuals. In this work, we have augmented the classic SIR model with the ability to accommodate surges in the number of susceptible individuals, supplemented by recorded data from China, South Korea, India, Australia, USA and the state of Texas to provide insights into the spread of COVID-19 in communities. cache = ./cache/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257789-pdybfft6 author = Diamond, Betty title = SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3583 sentences = 200 flesch = 43 summary = We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, blocks interferon production and reduces an effective adaptive immune response. Here we propose that the systemic inflammation seen in Covid-19 patients results from the activation of two intersecting systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-bradykinin system (Diamond 2020) . The engagement of these pathways helps explain how severe Covid-19 infection is characterized by massive inflammation in multiple target organs, a poor anti-viral response with little production of interferon, and little participation of the adaptive immune system. As we have hypothesized that some of the inflammation induced in severe, and perhaps even moderate, Covid-19 is the result of dysregulation of the RAS and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, the associated players serve as potential therapeutic targets ( Fig. 1 ) As mentioned above, ACE inhibitors and AT1 blockers (ARBs) are approved and safe drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257839-kfzc4pwq author = Ferguson, Katie title = COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 176 flesch = 48 summary = We present this case to highlight the extensive COVID-19-associated thrombotic complications that can occur, even despite periods of high-dose prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation. In recent case series, elevated D-dimer levels were reported in 43% 6 of the patients and were associated with disease severity and increased mortality. 5 Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect Several case series exist which explore the incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. 10 The latter includes a study of 10 ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom D-dimer levels and viscoelastic measures reduced in response to increased prophylactic dosing. [11] [12] [13] Twitter Nathaniel Quail @DrNatQuail and Kevin G Blyth @kevingblyth Acknowledgements Dr Joe Sarvesvaran's care and compassion were integral to this patient's journey to recovery and we would like to acknowledge his support with writing this case report, and for selecting the key images to include. cache = ./cache/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257958-yehnlabq author = Barh, Debmalya title = Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19 date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5431 sentences = 364 flesch = 43 summary = In this paper, using multi-omics (interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome) data and subsequent integrated analysis, we present the biological events associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify several candidate drugs against this viral disease. In this paper, we have used an integrative omics approach considering the SARS-CoV-2 infected host interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome datasets and analysed the COVID-19 associated host genetic information to identify common host pathways that are deregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential drugs targeting those pathways. In our analysis, we observed SARS-CoV-2 infection shares other viral pathways such as To identify pathway specific drugs, we used the genes involved in the five most important common pathways (viral processes including all the individual virus pathways, mRNA splicing, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, cytokine signaling in immune system, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum). cache = ./cache/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258072-6d5ieakl author = Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title = Lockdown of 1.3 Billion People In India During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey Of Its Impact On Mental Health date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2126 sentences = 129 flesch = 54 summary = After reviewing the pertinent literature which included scales such as, Impact of Event Scale -Revised (IES-R), Perceived stress scale 10 (PSS-10), and the international guidelines, a self administered, pre-validated web-based questionnaire with 18 questions in English, exploring age and domains of knowledge about COVID-19, understanding reasons for lockdown, stressors which included fear of infection, helplessness and boredom, scarce supplies, and post quarantine stressors related to work, finances and stigma was floated on a famous social media site, Facebook (groups from New Delhi). Variations in eating patterns were observed in the present study in 79.5% of participants, with people aged 35-50 years experiencing maximum alterations in diet patterns that were positively correlated with the practice of social distancing and fear of acquiring the disease on meeting someone. 4. Dr. Himanshu Dadlani: Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article, critically evaluating and giving final approval. cache = ./cache/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258011-19yfwvki author = Deprest, Jan title = SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable? date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2087 sentences = 123 flesch = 48 summary = 10 From a fetal intervention perspective, we need to appreciate that doing an invasive procedure in a SARS-CoV2 positive woman potentially increases the risk of vertical transmission, similar to what was observed in HIV positive women prior to the introduction of antiviral therapies. With open fetal surgery, the risk of mother-child transmission is likely higher than with needle and fetoscopic procedures as the fetus is exposed to more maternal blood and the fetal skin integrity is usually breached in these interventions. SARS-CoV2 negative patients planned to undergo fetal intervention should be informed that exposure to healthcare professionals, other patients or hospital staff increases their risk of contracting the virus. 5 The risk for an asymptomatic SARS-CoV2-positive pregnant mother to progress to overt COVID-19 disease is unknown, though most sources quote it as 'low' and not higher than health-and age-equivalent women. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258078-k7y8k1vx author = Jang, Sukbin title = Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1475 sentences = 92 flesch = 50 summary = title: Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. Three COVID-19 patients had the following conditions: pneumonia with progression despite antiviral treatment; were elderly, over 65 years; and had underlying diseases that were known as high risk J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f factors. On admission, he was not dyspneic or cyanotic, with a body temperature of 37.0°C, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, heart rate of 75 beats per minute, and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. Initial laboratory results were as follows: white blood cell (WBC) count 5,150/μL (65% segmented neutrophil), and C-reactive protein (CRP) 2.61 mg/dL. cache = ./cache/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258109-19zqd907 author = Pasarikovski, Christopher R. title = The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1080 sentences = 60 flesch = 53 summary = 1, 4 While it has been reported that Covid-19 infection may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion in younger patients at our center, we observed the opposite, with the Covid-19 pandemic resulting not only in a decrease in the number of EVTs, but in the number of acute code strokes in general. 5, 6 While this may reflect a natural variation in the number of strokes in the population over time, our assumption is that measures aimed at minimizing exposure to Covid-19 have influenced the decision of patients to seek medical attention. With respect to the various means of patient presentation for code stroke activation (directly via emergency medical services [EMS], transfer from another hospital, emergency room walk-in, and inpatients), it appears that the decrease in code stroke volume is evenly distributed. cache = ./cache/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258125-2kkqqgop author = Wagner, Peter title = Knowing How to Act Well in Time date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5066 sentences = 217 flesch = 53 summary = Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In turn, the critics observe a crisis-driven move to authoritarianism, to new nationalism and restrictions to movement, to technocracy with political decisions based on expertise rather than deliberation, in short, the return to disciplinary society combined with isolation of individuals and loss of sociality. cache = ./cache/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258122-hkm9agqg author = Thorlund, Kristian title = A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 459 sentences = 30 flesch = 48 summary = In response to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, clinical trial research assessing the efficacy and safety of clinical candidate interventions to treat COVID-19 are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Findings from randomised clinical trials that have been published as of April 21, 2020, have investigated the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir compared with standard of care, 1 hydroxychloroquine compared with best supportive care, 2 favipiravir compared with arbidol, 3 and lopinavir-ritonavir compared with arbidol. Most of these trials will offer comparative efficacy data versus standard of care according to local COVID-19 treatment guidelines, but a handful of randomised controlled trials will also provide headto-head evidence between high profile interventions. Trials for COVID-19 are then mapped according to geographical, trial, patient, and intervention characteristics, when these data are available. Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257766-z7vcdtcq author = Varadhachary, Atul title = Salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA as an accessible biomarker of mucosal immunity against COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8470 sentences = 455 flesch = 50 summary = To minimize risk to lab personnel of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, our clinical study was limited to salivary samples collected from individuals who were at least a month post-symptom onset, so we cannot report on when IgA levels first appear in saliva, though that work is currently underway. Individual Immunity and Clinical Implications: Our observations that (i) we see a large variation in salivary IgA titer, even in pre-COVID-19 samples; (ii) elevated IgA levels appear to persist for at least 2-3 months; and (iii) individuals may develop mucosal IgA without an overt SARS-CoV-2 infection, each raise intriguing questions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.20170258 doi: medRxiv preprint Community Surveillance and Herd Immunity: Reports that systemic IgA may be detectable earlier than IgG or IgM, 22,23 as early as two days after symptom onset are consistent with the early-response role played by IgA, as well as with our anecdotal observations that individuals can muco-convert to positive salivary IgA contemporaneously with viral detection by PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258137-np62exds author = Sharma, Surbhi title = Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental health date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1663 sentences = 94 flesch = 53 summary = COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by increased stress, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and panic amongst the people [9] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Healthcare workers, unemployed/ poverty-stricken individuals, elderly people, children, pregnant women and those suffering from a pre-existing mental condition like obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and depression are likely to feel more distressed [5, [14] [15] [16] [17] . COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India Mental health of family, friends, and co-workers of COVID-19 patients in Japan Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review COVID 19 pandemic: Mental health challenges of internal migrant workers of India Effect of covid-19 pandemic on mental health among Albanian people residing in the country and abroad -Implications for mental care cache = ./cache/cord-258137-np62exds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258137-np62exds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258133-zsweppku author = Fischer, M. title = COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis – a case report date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1125 sentences = 59 flesch = 48 summary = Here we report the case of a patient with schizophrenia presenting with COVD-19related delusions and hallucinations, illustrating the potential of COVID-19 to precipitate entry into a psychotic phase and impact symptom manifestation. This case report shows the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the psychopathology of a patient with paranoid psychosis leading to the outbreak of a psychotic phase with paranoid-hallucinatoric experiencing and unrealistic expectations and concerns. This observation may be in line with the previous reports that higher levels of concurrent anxiety in patients with schizophrenia correlated with lower perception of personal risk of infection with swine flu, although the reason for this effect is unclear (Maguire et al., 2019a) . Overall, the current case report illustrates the potential for the psychological context of the COVID-19 emergency to influence emergence and manifestations of symptoms of psychosis, and indicates that measured, balanced and responsible reporting of the COVID-19 crisis in the media will be important to minimize the risk of overreactions in at risk persons and to avoid entry into psychotic episodes. cache = ./cache/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257870-b52k75m4 author = Chen, Qianqian title = Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A Potential Biomarker to Evaluate the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3851 sentences = 203 flesch = 46 summary = The standardized and weighted receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis adjusted to age, sex, and ferritin levels suggested that the area under the curve (AUC) of the serum CEA levels was 0.808 in discrimination between death cases and discharged cases with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Among discharged patients, CEA levels were significant lower in moderate cases compared to the severe and critical cases (P = 0.005; OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.294–0.808) from binary logistic regression analysis. All patients included met the following inclusion criteria: Confirmed COVID-19 cases was diagnosed by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)" published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (20) . This study validated the previous result that CEA levels were related to severity of COVID-19 reported by different research groups (Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Wuhan) (19) . cache = ./cache/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258084-nkr3lrov author = Juthani, Prerak title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Manifestation as Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young, Healthy Male date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1753 sentences = 91 flesch = 48 summary = In this case report, we describe a 29-year-old nonobese hospital food service associate who presented with diffuse abdominal and chest pain; he was found to be positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significantly elevated levels of troponin T and multiple acute phase reactants; his EKG demonstrated ST-elevations consistent with anterolateral infarction. In this case report, we discuss a young patient who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently developed significant cardiovascular complications. We believe that this case is unique because this was a young, athletic patient with minimal risk factors for coronary disease who tested positive for COVID-19 and developed an acute MI with STEMI and required stent placement. It is a reminder to us that cardiovascular complications must be considered in the COVID-19 population, even in those patients with minimal risk factors for heart disease. cache = ./cache/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258135-9i024s08 author = Konala, Venu Madhav title = Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1215 sentences = 67 flesch = 51 summary = COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who was diagnosed with influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. INTRODUCTION COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with a diagnosis of influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. The most common symptoms of influenza are fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, myalgia and arthralgia, similar to those of COVID-19. analysed common respiratory pathogens presenting as co-infections with COVID-19 from Quingdao and Wuhan. Only one of the co-infected patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and required non-invasive ventilation. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients co-infected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan CONCLUSION Influenza and COVID-19 co-infection can occur in patients and can present with similar symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257995-kgmsecg3 author = Vilallonga, Ramon title = Reply To The Article “Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.” by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. et al. Published in Obesity Surgery date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 546 sentences = 42 flesch = 53 summary = title: Reply To The Article "Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak." by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. Also, it will be important to take into consideration that some inflammatory parameters such as CRP, white blood cell count, and liver function alterations, as well as pulmonary pneumonia or thromboembolism and collapsed lung, can also be seen in patients presenting with bariatric surgery complications. Finally, short case series can help to have a picture of early experiences in bariatric surgery patients. Some recommendations would be needed to be considered with regards to bariatric surgery [8, 9] . Bariatric surgical practice during the initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO for reporting their experience in bariatric cases during COVID-19 outbreak [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258150-ezatw341 author = Vilakati, Phesheya Ndumiso title = The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1294 sentences = 65 flesch = 49 summary = Especially in the sub-Saharan countries, COVID-19 may have devastating effects as the response required is challenged by inherent fragilities in the national health systems, high population density in metropolitan slums, a lack of services in rural settings, generally poor sanitation, food insecurity and undernutrition, as well as the high burden of comorbidities such as HIV infection and tuberculosis. In the African continent, preparedness for a pandemic like COVID-19 is a challenge given the need for rapid adaptation of already constrained health systems, scarcity of laboratories and reagents to test, limited training capacity, and poverty of resources in care provision and in general. However, due to the general shortage in PPE, diagnostic kits, and effective therapeutic options in countries like Ethiopia and eSwatini, most funds and key supply and equipment may be directed to governmental facilities rather than engaging the numerous FBOs and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) providing care. cache = ./cache/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257969-2tax8ajw author = Bhopal, Raj S. title = COVID-19 zugzwang: potential public health moves towards population (herd) immunity date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4250 sentences = 254 flesch = 54 summary = Outlining potential public health actions, including hygiene measures, social distancing and face masks, and realistic future advances, this paper focuses on the consequences of taking no public health action; the role of natural changes such as weather; the adverse public health consequences of lockdowns; testing for surveillance and research purposes; testing to identify cases and contacts, including the role of antibody tests; the public health value of treatments; mobilising people who have recovered; population (a synonym for herd) immunity through vaccination and through natural infection; involving the entire population; and the need for public debate. People in these groups could minimise their risk of exposure to COVID-19, await effective vaccination and benefit indirectly as population immunity through natural infection increases (Column 2, table 1). The pandemic needs to be prevented from returning year-on-year, potentially more severely, especially in young people and children, and mandating repeated lockdowns.(3) We urgently need to consider all reasonable public health actions and plans (table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258067-par61wwh author = Di Martino, Marcello title = Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3464 sentences = 178 flesch = 42 summary = Conclusions The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. The following variables were analysed: age; sex; functional status (defined according to the ECOG scale) (21); personal background; diagnosis; type of surgical intervention; the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the treatment required (Table 1) ; the severity of the respiratory infection (according to the BRCSS) (20) ; and postoperative complications (according to the Dindo-Clavien classification) (19) . Ten (16.9%) of the oncological patients, one (1%) of those operated on electively for benign diseases and four (7%) of the urgent surgery group presented with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, with statistically significant differences in the infection rate of the three groups (p = 0.004) ( Table 2) . Patients undergoing elective surgery before and during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a high rate of postoperative complications, with a SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of up to 16% in patients undergoing oncologic surgical procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258092-a4e59c7z author = Pfeuffer, Steffen title = Autoimmunity complicating SARS-CoV-2 infection in selective IgA-deficiency date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 824 sentences = 66 flesch = 49 summary = During ICU treatment, the patient recovered from COVID-19, and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were repeatedly negative (first on day 15). Laboratory analysis revealed selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (sIgAD; serum IgA <0.05g/L) but was otherwise unremarkable for autoimmune or hematologic disorders. We believe that our patient suffered from sIgAD since childhood but remained undiagnosed in the absence of symptoms until autoimmunity was finally induced by COVID-19. 1 Such association has not been shown yet for T1D, but previous reports on the development of DKA within already 1 week after nivolumab treatment 2 indicate that a single trigger can result in rapid-onset T1D in susceptible patients and normal HbA1c levels render preexisting yet undiscovered T1D unlikely here. 3 Moreover, previous cases on GBS after COVID-19 mostly showed an onset within 5-10 days supporting that COVID-19 is a sufficient trigger of rapid-onset autoimmunity. Previous patients also developed GBS already within 7-10 days after the onset of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258118-j26v354r author = Karuppal, Raju title = It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3536 sentences = 212 flesch = 43 summary = Apart from the numerous chemicals, surgical smoke had been shown to harbour intact bacterial and virus particles especially COVID-19 in the current time. OBJECTIVE: To identify the inhalational, infectious, chemical, and mutagenic risks of surgical smoke and suggest evidence-based hazard reduction strategies. Heating of tissues causes vaporisation of protein and fat which results surgical smoke(2) which contain particles from combustion and numerous chemicals like hydrocarbons, acrylonitrile, phenols and fatty acids and biological particles, viruses, and bacteria which are known to be potentially hazardous. In COVID-19 outbreak scenario, the use of surgical diathermy has to be minimised or avoided due to the very high risk of viral spread among operating room personals. Multiple precautions like use of a standard surgical mask, laser or high filtration mask, masks coated with nanoparticles, operating room ventilation guidelines, and use of wall suction have been using to reduce the health hazards, but each one has its own limitations. cache = ./cache/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258126-8ityzjjh author = Mamun, Mohammed A. title = COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1488 sentences = 92 flesch = 52 summary = Besides, another non-representative study utilizing only 7-cases claims that the global COVID-19 suicide risk factors to be -(i) social isolation and distancing, (ii) economic recession, (iii) mental problems among healthcare professional, and (iv) social boycott and discrimination etc. Like the previous retrospective suicide researches conducted in the Pakistan's neighborhood south Asian countries (e.g., India, Armstrong et al., 2019; Bangladesh, Mamun et al., 2020a, b) where the national suicide database is unavailable, the present study followed the methods of extracting suicide data from press reports. Although previous case studies from the Pakistan neighborhood countries, such as in Bangladesh and in India, COVID-19 suicides are reported to be due to fear of infection and social boycott (Goyal et al., 2020; Mamun & Griffiths, 2020) . Despite the limitations, the present study by reporting all the available Pakistani COVID-19 suicide cases, provides a novel data on lockdown-related economic crisis and recession that has not studied elsewhere. cache = ./cache/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author = Moolasart, Visal title = Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1511 sentences = 94 flesch = 48 summary = title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in mid-December 2019 to become pandemic disease. A 47-day-old, male newborn was asymptomatic but had household contact with his COVID-19 infected mother. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for COVID-19 pneumonia in the newborn, safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the effects of long-term treatment. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258128-qtmjgrml author = Mirjalili, Mahtabalsadat title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Transplantation: Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Immunosuppression Regimen date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6450 sentences = 369 flesch = 38 summary = 12 In one case report regarding the successful treatment of a kidney transplant recipient with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China, all the immunosuppressants were stopped and the patient received 5 g intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the first day and then 10 g/day for the next 11 days, with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 12 days and 5 million units/day interferon as atomization inhalation. 17, 18 Considering that adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality and morbidity following the administration of corticosteroids in patients with respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, SARS-CoV-1, or MERS-CoV may be due to an increased risk of secondary bacterial infections, their use for the prevention of disease progression or its treatment remains under discussion. So far, few studies have been conducted regarding the use of this drug in liver and kidney transplant patients, but if it is administered to this population, its adverse effects and interactions with immunosuppressants and other medications used in transplant patients, such as fluoroquinolones for the treatment of Gram-negative infections, should be considered. cache = ./cache/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258381-h0ddqs53 author = Chhabra, Saurabh title = Diagnostic considerations for COVID-19 in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1018 sentences = 60 flesch = 42 summary = SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients is associated with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and higher mortality. This assumes even greater relevance in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) 1,2 wherein allogeneic HCT patients on therapeutic immune suppression are at a higher risk for mortality, and the only approved treatment (remdesivir) appears to be more effective in earlier stages of COVID-19 3-6 . The authors emphasize that a high index of suspicion is required to test by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal (NP) swab patients who present with fever and/or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms and have been in an area of high community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence or have been exposed to a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case in the previous 14 days. Bronchoscopy has had an established role in the evaluation of respiratory pathologies in allogeneic HCT patients 14 and should be considered in the event NP rRT-PCR is negative for COVID-19 and also when a possible co-infection e.g., influenza 15 is suspected. cache = ./cache/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258337-3wua0iij author = Gale, Robert Peter title = A Haematologist's Guide to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Encyclopaedia or Doorstop? date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 989 sentences = 83 flesch = 64 summary = [1] review what they term a haematologist's perspective on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They present data on hospital admission values and/or risk of death from COVID-19. Normally, authors provide a statistical analysis of this type of heterogeneous data, such as a weighted mean or median and confidence interval or interquartile range (IQR) followed by their conclusion. In a study of 1,571 subjects with COVID-19 we found a significant difference between 1,440 survivors (median 1.2 × 10E+9/L [IQR 0.9, 1.7 × 10E+9/L]) and 131 subjects who died (0.5 × 10E+9/L [0.4, 0.8 × 10E+9/L]; p < 0.001) [2] . Lest I be accused of publication bias, might I direct readers to an experiment where I fed large numbers of genetically identical mice shredded SARS-CoV-2-or CO-VID-19-related consensus guidelines or sheets of blank paper with their laboratory chow for 1 week. Perspective: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and haematologists cache = ./cache/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258221-pn8gh73b author = Rocha, José Lucas Martins title = Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8950 sentences = 487 flesch = 42 summary = Abbreviations: ANG, Angiogenin; ANGPT1, Angiopoietin 1; bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor; BV/BR, Biliverdin and Bilirubin; COX2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular pattern; EGF, Epidermal growth factor; ESM1, Endothelial Cell Specific Molecule 1; FAS/FASL, apoptosis antigen 1 receptor and ligand; HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor; HLA-G, Human leukocyte antigen G; HO-1, Heme oxygenase 1; IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; ISGs, Interferon-stimulated genes; Kyn, Kynurenin; LIF, Leukemia inhibitory factor; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; miRNAs, micro RNA; MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases; MSC-EV, Extracellular vesicles from MSC; PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PD-1/PD-L1, Programmed death receptor and ligand; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; sHLA-G, Soluble human leukocyte antigen G; sPD-L1/2, Soluble Programmed death ligands 1 and 2; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor β; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α; Trp , Tryptophan; TSG-6, TNFstimulated gene 6 Similarly, long-lasting FASL interactions enable MSCs to induce T cell apoptosis [39] . cache = ./cache/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258315-yt1ytasw author = Kato, Hideaki title = Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1776 sentences = 111 flesch = 54 summary = title: Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship Abstract We investigated the clinical course of individuals with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship to 12 local hospitals. In this study, we describe the clinical conditions, treatment, and the clinical course of the patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship for further medical care to the participating hospitals in this study. The patients' vital signs, laboratory data, chest radiographs, or computed tomography (CT) findings at the time of admission and treatment, and the data on the clinical course and prognosis were collected using case report forms. Notably, the severity of this disease in the patients transferred from the cruise ship was very high compared with that previously reported in the general population in China [5, 6] . cache = ./cache/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258195-6172d95c author = Souadka, Amine title = Oncological Surgery During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: The Need for Deep and Lasting Measures date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 670 sentences = 44 flesch = 42 summary = We acknowledge the international collaborative group [1] for proposing international guidelines for the management of patients with cancer during COVID-19, with concrete and practical approaches toward prioritization frameworks for managing the ethical challenges of treating patients with cancer. To date, all the various recommendations issued by oncological societies reacting to this unprecedented situation [2] seek safety considerations and prioritizing frameworks for patients with cancer requiring treatment in SARS-CoV-2 endemic areas [3] . In surgical oncology, most guidelines propose an urgent response to the salient questions related to this situation through delaying nonurgent treatment, offering less invasive treatments to patients who are waiting for surgery, prioritizing curative care, and adjusting activity to supplies and human resources [4] . The COVID-19 outbreak has already overwhelmed health system capacity, especially cancer centers around the world, and it may last [8] . A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An international collaborative group cache = ./cache/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258230-s4ty52kb author = Grover, Abhinav title = A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 132 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS AND RESULTS: A search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and various preprint servers for studies comparing clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients on ACEIs and/or ARBs, and a meta-analysis was performed. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Finally, these 16 studies were included for review and, out of these, six and four studies were included in the meta-analysis of mortality and severity outcomes in COVID-19 patients on an ACEI/ ARB, respectively ( Table 1) . In a pooled analysis of six peer-reviewed studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEIs/ARBs with lower odds of mortality as compared with non-users (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.53-1.41, I 2 = 79.12, P-value = 0.55) (Figures 4 and 5) The sensitivity of the pooled results of clinical severity and mortality outcomes to the removal of each study is reported in Supplementary material online, Figures S1-S4. cache = ./cache/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258235-khdyxiwe author = Chakraborty, Tanujit title = Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5628 sentences = 316 flesch = 57 summary = To solve the first problem, we presented a hybrid approach based on autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model that can generate short-term (ten days ahead) forecasts of the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK. In this section, we first briefly discuss these datasets, followed by the development of the proposed hybrid model, and finally, the application of the proposed model to generate short-term forecasts of the future COVID-19 cases for five different countries. Algorithm 1 Proposed Hybrid ARIMA-WBF Model 1 Given a time series of length n, input the in-sample (training) COVID-19 daily cases data. Thus, these real-time short-term forecasts based on the proposed hybrid ARIMA-WBF model for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK will be helpful for government officials and policymakers to allocate adequate health care resources for the coming days. cache = ./cache/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258170-kyztc1jp author = Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title = Towards the sustainable development of smart cities through mass video surveillance: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5371 sentences = 300 flesch = 54 summary = In particular, we make the following contributions: (a) A deep learning-based framework is presented for monitoring social distancing in the context of sustainable smart cities in an effort to curb the spread of COVID-19 or similar infectious diseases; (b) The proposed system leverages state-of-the-art, deep learning-based real-time object detection models for the detection of people in videos, captured with a monocular camera, to implement social distancing monitoring use cases; (c) A J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f perspective transformation is presented, where the captured video is transformed from a perspective view to a bird's eye (top-down) view to identify the region of interest (ROI) in which social distancing will be monitored; (d) A detailed performance evaluation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed system on a video surveillance dataset. cache = ./cache/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258242-xblxjlb5 author = Liu, Tengwen title = Systems Pharmacology and Verification of ShenFuHuang Formula in Zebrafish Model Reveal Multi-Scale Treatment Strategy for Septic Syndrome in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5215 sentences = 310 flesch = 44 summary = Recent studies reported that many critically ill COVID-19 patients developed typical septic syndrome, including inflammatory injury, immune dysfunction, coagulation disorder, and multiple organ failure (Bellinvia et al., 2020; Coronado et al., 2020; . Current studies reported that severe COVID-19 patients with septic syndrome mainly showed abnormal pathological features, including virus infection and tissue damage, excessive inflammation in early stage but immune suppression in late stage, and coagulation dysfunction . Since the data of systems pharmacology illustrated that SFH may regulate several key targets and biological processes of sepsis, such as PPARG in inflammatory response, GSK3b and MAPK14 in cell proliferation, and PTGS2 in coagulation, we hypothesized that SFH improves the condition of critically ill COVID-19 patients with septic syndrome by ameliorating lung injury, suppressing excessive inflammation but enhancing the capacity of pathogen phagocytosis and killing, and improving the function of blood coagulation. cache = ./cache/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258145-usr7b6dk author = Abdulah, Deldar Morad title = Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3994 sentences = 225 flesch = 51 summary = We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. The present study showed that the crude infection rate by COVID-19 has been increased by raising consuming fruits, calcium and decreased with increasing consuming beans and legumes. Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author = Wenling, Yao title = Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5015 sentences = 263 flesch = 46 summary = Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. There were no cases of vertical transmission identified among pregnant women infected with SARS 44-49 so far, but SARS during pregnancy is associated with high incidences of spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, endotracheal intubation and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [44] [45] [46] . This is a review on pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS, including their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: report of two cases & review of the literature cache = ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258395-m9ws5rmv author = Johnson, Joshua K title = Frequency of Physical Therapist Intervention Is Associated With Mobility Status and Disposition at Hospital Discharge for Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3926 sentences = 213 flesch = 42 summary = The primary aims of this study were to examine the relationship of physical therapy visit frequency and duration in the hospital with patients' mobility status at discharge and probability of discharging home. RESULTS: For the 312 patients included, increased physical therapy visit frequency was associated with higher 6-Clicks mobility (b = 3.63; 95% CI = 1.54–5.71) and JH-HLM scores (b = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.37–1.93) at hospital discharge and with increased probability of discharging home (adjusted relative risk = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.25–2.63). CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 demonstrated improved mobility at hospital discharge and higher probability of discharging home with increased frequency and longer mean duration of physical therapy visits. As an exploratory analysis to understand whether the relationships between physical therapy visit frequency or mean visit duration and mobility status at discharge or discharge to home were moderated by patient characteristics, we included interaction terms in separate regression models. cache = ./cache/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258344-55n3wwle author = Khalafallah, Adham M. title = In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience” date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 389 sentences = 30 flesch = 51 summary = title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience" The authors thank Dr. Venkataram and colleagues for their thoughtful and thorough 1 analysis of our recent study "Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: 2 The Johns Hopkins Experience." 1 As stated in our paper, we believe that publishing the unique 3 experiences of different academic medical centers during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential in 4 clarifying the many challenges facing both American neurosurgery as well as neurosurgery 5 across the world, and we also believe sharing such information is important for establishing a 6 consensus regarding best practices as the situation continues to evolve. Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans cache = ./cache/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258172-p54j4zzo author = Barker, Harlan title = Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8453 sentences = 409 flesch = 48 summary = Single cell RNA-Seq data from trachea indicated positive signals along the respiratory tract in key protective cell types including club, goblet, proliferating, and ciliary epithelial cells; while in lung the ratio of ACE2-expressing cells was low in all cell types (<2.6%), but was highest in vascular endothelial and goblet cells. Analysis of ACE2 promoter regions was performed using the TFBSfootprinter tool (https:// github.com/thirtysix/TFBS_footprinting) which uses transcription-relevant data from several major databases to enhance prediction of putative TFBSs, including: all cell types aggregated and merged human ATAC-Seq data from ENCODE [43] , transcription start sites and expression data from FANTOM5 [44] , expression quantitative trail loci from GTEx [39] , TFBS metacluster data from GTRD [45] , TFBS binding profile data from JASPAR [46] , and sequence and conservation data from Ensembl [47] . cache = ./cache/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258278-25rhf91v author = Mowla, Ashkan title = Unusual Pattern of Arterial Macrothrombosis Causing Stroke in a Young Adult Recovered from COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2052 sentences = 107 flesch = 46 summary = Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical history who recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection and presented with unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis causing AIS. However, most of these patients had significant co-morbidities and established cardiovascular risk factors, making it difficult to confirm COVID-19 as the precipitating cause (3) While coagulopathy and vascular endothelial dysfunction have been widely reported as a consequence of severe COVID-19 infection, these findings are proposed to be directly related to the severity of the respiratory illness, (4) and the prevalence of this prothrombotic state among milder or asymptomatic cases is not yet established. Herein, we report an unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis presenting as large vessel stroke in a 36-year-old patient with no prior medical history (PMH) who had recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, we report a young adult with no underlying comorbidities who recently recovered from COVID-19 infection and presented with AIS due to multicentric large vessel occlusion. cache = ./cache/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258304-86gqxajw author = Bahl, Prateek title = Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1553 sentences = 85 flesch = 58 summary = title: Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs The results of detailed particle tracking (in supplementary video) reveals that the maximum velocity of droplets expelled, specifically for certain syllables such as 'do', 'fa' and 'ti', is approx. Figure 2c shows the velocity distribution of droplets that are visible while the subject was singing syllable 'sol' & 'la' and the direction in which these droplets are moving. Nevertheless, the droplets observed do not appear to be settling down rapidly and without adequate ventilation, these droplets can potentially saturate the indoor environment which can likely explain the very high attack rates of COVID-19 seen in choirs in the US and Europe (almost 87% in Skagit County, Washington) [1] . We note the present study only provides visual evidence of the droplets and aerosols expelled during singing and compare the associated velocities and directions with speaking and coughing. cache = ./cache/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258229-l716wjwn author = Fiorillo, Andrea title = Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6702 sentences = 311 flesch = 48 summary = The COMET trial includes three phases: phase one consists in the dissemination of a survey on the impact of lockdown and its related containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population; the second phase consists in the development of a new psychosocial online supportive intervention [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] for the management of the consequences on mental health of the pandemic; the last phase consists in the evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility of the experimental psychosocial intervention in a randomized control trial. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms at DASS-21 (primary outcomes), multivariate linear regression models were performed, including as independent variables: being infected by COVID-19, having a pre-existing mental disorder, being a healthcare professional. cache = ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258416-1jrbu8ox author = Drenovska, Kossara title = Covid‐19 pandemic and the skin date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1977 sentences = 121 flesch = 40 summary = Following patients with psoriasis on biological therapy, as well as other inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, and skin cancer provoked the interest of dermatologists. Here, we summarize skin conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic, patient information, and expert recommendations and give an overview about the registries launched to document skin changes during COVID‐19, as well as details about certain patient groups infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune bullous diseases. 33 In a French prospective study on the incidence and types of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, skin involvement was reported in only 4.9% (five patients of 103) and presented as erythematous rash (two patients) and urticaria (two patients). Future case-controlled studies may potentially confirm AGA as a predictive factor for increased COVID-19 severity and contribute to the development of antiandrogen therapy for SARSNeonatal rashes Skin rashes in newborns of COVID-19-infected mothers were reported in two boys out of four infants from China. cache = ./cache/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author = Ganguly, Shuvadeep title = Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1251 sentences = 62 flesch = 40 summary = Still, keeping in mind the immunosuppressive nature of anti-neoplastic therapy and our evolving understanding of the disease, pediatric oncology services have to tread carefully between treating cancer and limiting COVID-19 in this vulnerable population. With healthcare centres throughout the world grappling with COVID-19 pandemic with resource optimization, all aspects of cancer treatment were adversely affected, including ancillary services like blood product availability [2] . Over the course of last four months of this pandemic (April to July 2020), even with curtailing of healthcare services at our centre, 80 new cases (age ≤ 21 years) were registered and 39 children with acute leukemia and lymphoma were started on therapy. Managing pediatric cancer patients in COVID19 pandemic Chemotherapy adaptations in a referral tertiary care center in India for ongoing therapy of pediatric patients with solid tumors during COVID19 pandemic and lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258399-difauneh author = Rahmani, Amir Masoud title = Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10486 sentences = 586 flesch = 43 summary =  Providing a new-of-the-art taxonomy tree for evaluating the issue based on three baseline fields of treatment, and prevention facing methods, and the effective parameters in the COVID-19 outbreak  Providing a systematic literature review based on the proposed taxonomy tree  Covering detection, prediction, and management approaches against the disease according to three heads of treatment, prevention, and effective parameters  Supporting future scopes according to economic damages, treatment's injuries, and people's physical and mental damages after recovery and regarding social distancing's rules in post-pandemic This tree covers the heads of all studies in the domain of the issue to investigate the effective parameters in the virus outbreak (Individual, ethnic, cultural, and social habits and environmental factors), prevention and detection's role in facing the disease, and various therapies' impact on improving patients' with COVID-19 considering the treatment's injuries. cache = ./cache/cord-258399-difauneh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258399-difauneh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258581-46p0k9lc author = Bodak, Nathalie title = COVID‐19 Lockdown induced acral dermatosis in children date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 557 sentences = 36 flesch = 55 summary = Recently, several case series of cutaneous acral manifestations in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been reported. Indirect consequences of the ongoing pandemic on skin health have been reported, such as an increased frequency of irritant dermatitis related to repeated hand washing with soap, or occupational dermatoses in health care workers due to wearing gloves or masks (4, 5) . We describe here acral lesions observed in seven children (four girls) by the sixth week of the lockdown period in France. Although a larger case series would strengthen our hypothesis, we suggest that the change of daily habits in young children during the lockdown period may have increased the frequency of acral frictional dermatoses that are not directly due to the virus but rather to prolonged sessions spent playing on the floor. Acral cutaneous lesions in the Time of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258548-1u7v1nlr author = Mansueto, Gelsomina title = Can COVID 2019 disease induces a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases? date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5924 sentences = 280 flesch = 35 summary = Only one case of cardiac tamponade in a 47-year-old man SARS-CoV-2 infected without cardiovascular risk is reported in the literature as a complication of myocarditis and pericarditis (29) . Large and more recent studies have reported that previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f dyslipidaemias, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors can predispose to an acute ischemic event in respiratory virus infections such as recently reported during the pandemic COVID-19 disease (34, 35, 36) . It is known that patients with cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of a thrombo-embolic event as it is known that all viral infections have a potential role in disseminated intravascular coagulation J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (DIC) The endothelial damage, the blood flow turbulence, and hypercoagulability are the basis of the mechanism. There is no substantial data to say that anti-RAAS, ACE inhibitors, statins increase the risk of cardiovascular damage in COVID patients. cache = ./cache/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258484-jwgtjisx author = Mehrabi, Sara title = Pitfalls of Computed Tomography in the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Era: A New Perspective on Ground-Glass Opacities date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2983 sentences = 167 flesch = 38 summary = Aim To study ground-glass opacities (GGO) not only from the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia" perspective but also as a radiological presentation of other pathologies with comparable features. In the presence of typical imaging features (e.g. GGO and consolidation), the radiologist should focus on the pandemic and manage a suspect patient as COVID-19 positive until proven to be negative. Even if chest CT can detect lung anomalies before symptom onset, the findings follow a temporal pattern and are consistent with clinicopathological development: the first and most common feature is ground-glass opacity (GGO), which represents early alveolar damage, with bilateral subpleural distribution in the lower lobes; then, areas of consolidation appear and tend to coalesce on the underlying GGOs. Later, in this background, the "crazy paving" pattern can be seen, with thickened interlobular septa and intralobular lines. COVID-19 pneumonia was suspected because of the CT report and clinical presentation so an RT-PCR assay by nasopharyngeal swab was performed; interestingly, the virus was not detected in any patient. cache = ./cache/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author = Shah, Saleha title = COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13560 sentences = 748 flesch = 49 summary = This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. 5, 6, 7 The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols generated during dental procedures cannot be eliminated when practicing in the absence of Airborne Precautions (airborne infection isolation rooms or single-patient rooms, respiratory protection program, N95 respirators). 47 Primary prevention encompasses prenatal health care, avoidance of night time bottle feed with sugary drinks or milk, restricting sugar intake and frequency for children younger than 24 months, avoiding frequent/nocturnal breast or bottle feeding after 1 year, exposure to dietary fluoridate (water, milk, salt), use of an age appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000ppm fluoride for brushing at least twice a day, dental visit in the first year of life and regular applications of 5% fluoride. cache = ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258583-5qdthy0j author = Yan, He title = Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2580 sentences = 154 flesch = 48 summary = We aimed to explore the association between OI and mortality according to the number of affected organs (heart, liver, and kidney) in patients with COVID-19. The primary findings of this investigation were the following: Clinical studies suggested SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with heart, kidney, and liver injury, which could serve as possible risk factors for increased disease severity. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study A comparative study of clinical presentation and risk factors for adverse outcome in patients hospitalised with acute respiratory disease due to MERS coronavirus or other causes Association of reninangiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258505-4ec9n4d0 author = Titov, Nickolai title = Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2337 sentences = 108 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: Trends in contact with a high volume national digital mental health service (DMHS), the MindSpot Clinic, provide a unique opportunity to assess the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence the data collected by MindSpot on large samples of people from all over Australia provides an opportunity to evaluate the early psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and may assist in service planning. This report examines service demand, symptom profiles, and concerns of MindSpot users during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, from 19 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Patients using MindSpot during this early pandemic period reported a broad range of concerns, including greater anxiety, but also concerns about issues such as where to access COVID-19 tests, financial insecurity, and how to adjust to isolation and other changes in lifestyle, including having children at home, being unable to visit family members and friends, and advice about supporting people in isolation. cache = ./cache/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258662-6y45gb0t author = Butt, Nausharwan title = Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 114 sentences = 17 flesch = 47 summary = key: cord-258662-6y45gb0t authors: Butt, Nausharwan; Arshid, Awais; Ahmad, Sarah Aftab; Khalid, Nauman; Kayani, Waleed Tallat title: Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.032 sha: doc_id: 258662 cord_uid: 6y45gb0t nan In summary, COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications which may also include pericarditis, pericardial effusion and Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. Further larger studies are required to evaluate this association. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 detection in the pericardial fluid of a patient with cardiac tamponade COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) and the heart -An ominous association All authors have no sources of funding to disclose The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. cache = ./cache/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258402-9s57thvn author = Dabas, Vineet title = Management of Orthopaedic Accidental Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in Preparing to Live with Corona date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3703 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = INTRODUCTION: With increasing prevalence of coronavirus cases (including among health care providers), the current advice for orthopaedic surgeons is to favor non-operative management of most injuries and reduce face-to-face follow-up. The standard operating procedures (SOPs) were implemented which were based upon the recommendations of ICMR, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI and Indian Orthopaedic Association (IOA) [10] , and targeted to provide optimum healthcare at a minimum risk to the treating team as well as other patients admitted to the hospital. Among the non-COVID-19 suspects, who were shifted to non-isolation zone, those who could be managed conservatively were given adequate primary treatment like fluids, analgesics and splintage and were discharged at the earliest so as to minimize the risk of infection transmission to them as well as health care workers. cache = ./cache/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258676-6kgxpcwc author = Haleem, Abid title = Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1351 sentences = 87 flesch = 56 summary = SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection. There is an urgent need to identify and study the areas of academic research which will be impacted by COVID-19 [3] . COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern.It has posed new challenges to the global research community. With the help of academic research, there is a need for a better understanding of the COVID-19 and its socio-economic ramifications on society. cache = ./cache/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258670-dphg8ukj author = Karaahmet, Fatih title = Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 599 sentences = 40 flesch = 35 summary = title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 In light of this information, the sufficient repair of the endothelial lining of blood vessels with Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) treatment may have a crucial role to overcome the vascular collapse driving forces in COVID-19 patients, as well as to modulate human immune system. Accumulating evidence leads to suggest that bone marrow-derived EPCs for repairing endothelial damage is now considered as an important novel potential therapeutic option for vascular repair (7, 8) . In critical patients in the course of COVID-19, EPCs may have an important contribution to stem cell treatments to maintain vascular endothelin functions. In critical patients who do not respond to current treatment, the restoration of vascular endothelial function and modulation of immune system by synergistic use of EPCs and MSCs may have a crucial role to overcome the vascular collapse driving forces in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258577-uo55dj39 author = Crockett, Jennifer L. title = Rapid Conversion from Clinic to Telehealth Behavioral Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5879 sentences = 293 flesch = 45 summary = We describe here the impact, changes, and outcomes achieved by a large, multifaceted ABA clinical program that has (a) ongoing data that forecasted and tracked changes, (b) staff well practiced with data-based shifts in operations (behavior), and (c) up-to-date information (data) on policy and regulations. In this article, we (a) describe the various legal, ethical, and logistical considerations for designing a telehealth service delivery model; (b) describe the steps needed to scale up the model across an organization; and (c) provide data demonstrating our transition from primarily in-person to primarily telehealth appointments over a 2-week period. Specifically, the rules and regulations for transitioning behavioral services to telehealth largely come from four main sources: professional ethics codes (e.g., APA, 2017; Behavior Analyst Certification Board [BACB] , 2019), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 1 insurance regulations, and state licensure laws. In addition to documenting changes in child behavior and collateral effects (e.g., parent functioning), it is also important to evaluate client and provider satisfaction with a telehealth service delivery model. cache = ./cache/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258669-ubw6mdzi author = Colebunders, Robert title = A call for strengthened evidence on targeted, non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 for the protection of vulnerable individuals in sub-Saharan Africa date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2516 sentences = 120 flesch = 48 summary = We suggest investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of distributing COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. Here, we call for the generation and strengthening of evidence to guide non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19, which we illustrate with a practical proposal for assessing the impact of targeted protection of at-risk individuals in settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the early implementation of lockdown measures for COVID-19 control may have contributed to the (initially) low mortality observed in most sub-Saharan Africa countries, the collateral damage resulting from this strategy is becoming increasingly apparent. We therefore propose to complement the extant containment measures in sub-Saharan Africa with more targeted protection strategies, aiming at protecting people at risk of severe COVID-19 disease. One strategy could be to distribute COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258579-68suyath author = Villar, Sergio Ciria title = Sintomatología psicótica en relación con cuarentena por COVID-19 date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1852 sentences = 164 flesch = 51 summary = Objetivo: el objetivo de este artículo es presentar tres casos caracterizados por una descompensación psicopatológica aguda durante el estado de alarma en España, a causa de la epidemia por COVID-19, como ejemplificación de la morbilidad psíquica que puede generarse en relación con las medidas de confinamiento y aislamiento social. En estos casos seleccionados, las restricciones sociales implementadas a consecuencia del COVID-19 han tenido un papel muy relevante como estresor externo para la aparición de síntomas psicóticos en los pacientes. Introducción La emergencia sanitaria internacional que ha supuesto el COVID-19, así como las necesarias medidas que se han ido adoptando (cuarentena domiciliaria y aislamiento social, entre otras) van a tener una repercusión en la salud mental, igual que ha sucedido en anteriores pandemias (2) . No existe por el momento suficiente investigación sobre la Conviene tener en cuenta tanto la posibilidad de aparición de alteraciones psiquiátricas en personas que no tienen patología mental previa, como las descompensaciones agudas de pacientes con trastornos conocidos. cache = ./cache/cord-258579-68suyath.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258579-68suyath.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258602-dnzqiq8k author = Cortegiani, A. title = Rationale and Evidence on the use of Tocilizumab in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1850 sentences = 95 flesch = 45 summary = METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, pre-print repositories (bioRxiv and medRxiv) and two trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis until 20(th) June 2020. The aim of this review was to describe the rationale and summarize the available evidence, direct and indirect, regarding the use of tocilizumab for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify and describe ongoing clinical trials with this drug. We sought pre-clinical and clinical studies addressing the use of tocilizumab for treating COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis. In order to find prepublication manuscripts, we surveyed the pre-print repositories biorRxiv and medRxiv from inception to 20 th June 2020 for clinical or pre-clinical studies about the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis. Finally, to identify clinical trials studying treatment with tocilizumab for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis, we sought trials registered prior to 20 th June 2020 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and Clinicatrial.gov. cache = ./cache/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258562-raubqnko author = Murlimanju, Bukkambudhi V. title = Letter to Editor Regarding: “Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt” date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 712 sentences = 49 flesch = 49 summary = title: Letter to Editor Regarding: "Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt" Letter to Editor Regarding: "Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt" C oronavirus disease 2019 has undoubtedly placed many unprecedented restrictions on the life of current generations globally. The effects have been adverse in several aspects, including the decreased number of clinical cases per specialty, staff reductions, cancellation of academic conferences, and the difficulty in conducting training and licensing examinations. 1 that to address the decrease in learning resources during neurosurgery residency training and, as the authors have rightly suggested, that the residency program must be able to adapt such unforeseen circumstances. The global leaders in academia should take this COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to formulate long-term policies and appropriate pathways to address the new challenges faced by resident training programs. Decrease in neurosurgical program volume during COVID-19: residency programs must adapt Decrease in trauma admissions with COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258535-2m369sm5 author = Radbel, Jared title = Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1682 sentences = 115 flesch = 47 summary = Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. 7 Tocilizumab is theorized to treat the CRS that can occur in patients with COVID-19, similar to its use in CRS secondary to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. In this report, we have presented two cases of COVID-19-induced CRS with elevated IL-6 levels and progression to sHLH, despite treatment with tocilizumab. 11 In our first case, the patient developed viral myocarditis, an established presentation of severe COVID-19 on day 10 after symptom onset. However, several clinical trials are actively recruiting subjects to determine the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in adult patients. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality cache = ./cache/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258760-65dw8d5h author = Barr, Justin title = Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 45 flesch = 49 summary = Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. Through his writings, this surgeon emerged as the contemporary authority on the condition, shaping scientific understanding of bubonic plague and medical responses to it for decades. Guy epitomizes surgeons who have investigated novel infectious diseases and contributed significant knowledge to their causation, prevention, and treatment. Desperate to clarify its etiology, John Hunter, the father of scientific surgery, injected the purulent discharge from an infected patient's penis into his own member in an effort to understand the process of transmission and attempt to discriminate it from concomitant gonorrheal infection. 9 Historically, surgeons have led global efforts against pandemics, thus addressing some of humanity's most devastating health challenges. cache = ./cache/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258576-ywbyflas author = Bösmüller, Hans title = The evolution of pulmonary pathology in fatal COVID-19 disease: an autopsy study with clinical correlation date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3628 sentences = 207 flesch = 44 summary = We present the pulmonary findings in four cases of fatal COVID-19 with a spectrum of lung pathology reflecting disease course and duration, invasive therapies, and laboratory features. Based on conventional criteria, respiratory insufficiency therefore might be considered unlikely direct cause of death, but this case and recently published autopsy data indicate that pulmonary microvascular changes are an important and distinguishing feature of COVID-19 and may contribute to hypoxemia and acute cardiac insufficiency. Irrespective of the severity of pulmonary changes, however, all 4 patients showed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lung tissues but failed to show detectable levels of viral RNA in other organs studied. The laboratory findings observed in patients 2 and 3 reflect common risk factors of fatal outcome, namely, lymphopenia; increased D-dimers; evidence of massive systemic inflammation including high levels of CRP, procalcitonin, and IL-6 during acute disease; and in the final stages massive ALT/AST elevation [1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 20] . cache = ./cache/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258708-da6x5rxa author = Hafiane, Anouar title = SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4033 sentences = 253 flesch = 43 summary = The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In COVID-19, particular attention has been given to the role of angiotensin-(Ang) converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the binding site for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry (3). One of the clinical features of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 included abnormal features such as acute cardiac injury (12%) (22) . Significance of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CV system is reflected through incidences of acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias, ACS, sepsis, septic shock, viral myocarditis, and heart failure. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection 19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258675-nh1zu0yu author = Quesada, J. A. title = Período de incubación de la COVID-19: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2671 sentences = 310 flesch = 65 summary = Se han reportado resultados variables en recientes estudios y, por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es proporcionar una estimación más precisa del período de incubación de la COVID-19. Según los datos publicados sobre el período de incubación de la COVID-19, el tiempo medio entre la exposición y la aparición de los síntomas clínicos depende del modelo estadístico utilizado y el percentil 95, de la edad media de los pacientes. Según los datos publicados sobre el período de incubación de la COVID-19, el tiempo medio entre la exposición y la aparición de los síntomas clínicos depende del modelo estadístico utilizado y el percentil 95, de la edad media de los pacientes. Los resultados del presente estudio muestran que el período medio de incubación de la COVID-19 es de 32 5,6 días (IC del 95%: 5,1 a 6,1) y puede variar según el modelo utilizado para su estimación y la calidad 33 del estudio. cache = ./cache/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258855-2i51eyfq author = Korman, Tony M title = Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 580 sentences = 42 flesch = 46 summary = Risch makes an impassioned plea that we are "unable to wait for results of randomized controlled trials" for COVID-19 and should "immediately roll out" early outpatient treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ). Brazil showed a reduced hospitalization rate for 636 outpatients treated with HCQ+AZ (1.9%) compared to a "control" group of 224 patients who "refused treatment" (5.4%). Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France Empirical treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for suspected cases of COVID-19 followed-up by telemedicine The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin cache = ./cache/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258865-sxz39swi author = Rabbani, H. title = Modelling COVID-19 using the Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2246 sentences = 157 flesch = 55 summary = In December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia, subsequently associated with a novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2), named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), emerged in Wuhan, China. These measures include physical/social distancing to minimize the rate of person-to-person contact, frequent hand washing, the utilization of masks, gloves and other forms of personal protection equipment (PPE), mass testing, contact tracing and isolation/quarantine of persons with suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. In pandemic situations where data could be sparse, mathematical modelling can be a powerful tool to understand and predict the course of the outbreak in order to inform the development of potential control strategies 11, 12 . The most frequently used framework in the case of human transmissions is the so-called SIR model 13 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Using the fluid transport equation, we derived the following mathematical model to predict the infected cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258624-041cf99j author = Ahmad, Sajjad title = Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8187 sentences = 434 flesch = 48 summary = title: Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics We identified non-structural protein 8 (Nsp8), 3C-like proteinase, and spike glycoprotein as potential targets for immune responses to COVID-19. In order to estimate the MMPBSA binding free energies for the receptors and multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct, the MMPBSA.py module [56] of AMBER16 was castoff. The B-cell epitopes predicted for the vaccine candidates were in the following order: nine for Nsp8 and 3C-like proteinase, five for Nsp9, eight for Nsp10, 34 for spike glycoprotein and surface glycoprotein, and four for ORF1ab polyprotein| partial. Molecular interactions and binding conformation of the designed MEPVC with TLR3 and TLR4 innate immune receptors were deciphered via a protein-peptide docking approach. The dynamic simulations of the human immune system in response to the designed vaccine construct were deciphered through C-immsim server [40] . cache = ./cache/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258500-zuuwqw9t author = Desroches, Melissa L. title = Impact of COVID-19: Nursing challenges to meeting the care needs of people with developmental disabilities date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4335 sentences = 209 flesch = 49 summary = These disparate COVID-19 outcomes are not surprising given the health disparities faced by people with DD at baseline prior to the pandemic, including poorer health outcomes 7 , limited access to needed health care services 8 , participation in fewer prevention and health promotion activities 7 , increased risk for chronic health conditions 7 , and earlier age of death when compared to the general population 9. These Medicaid funded institutions consist of 4 or more beds for individuals with intellectual disability or related conditions and provide active health or rehabilitative services that meet specific standards of care 14 waivers allow states the flexibility to provide care in smaller, more individualized home and community-based settings, including group homes, supervised apartments, foster homes, supported living settings, and the family home 13 . cache = ./cache/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258757-vwfey8of author = Torres‐Navarro, I. title = Comment on ‘Two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East’: pernio unrelated to COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 714 sentences = 49 flesch = 54 summary = Dear editor, we have read with interest Dr's Alramthan and Aldaraji contribution to the spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations.1 Since COVID-19 outbreak begin, new symptoms have been described.2 Some of them, were not initially highlighted and could be a distinguishing feature of COVID-19 infection, like anosmia or ageusia.3 Therefore, it is believed that a newly reported one, so-called acute acro-ischemia is another novel clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection.4. 3 Therefore, it is believed that a newly reported symptom, termed acute acro-ischaemia, is another novel clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection. 1 The authors suggested that such skin lesions might be a new clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection in otherwise asymptomatic individuals. The two patients reported by Alramthan and Aldaraji had recently been on a trip to the UK, a colder country than Kuwait, and cold is associated with pernio. Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East cache = ./cache/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258701-jyzxu9nk author = Kaushal, Darwin title = Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngology During Corona Outbreak: A Proposal for Safe Practice date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2464 sentences = 184 flesch = 54 summary = In this article, we propose essential steps that can be implemented at the departmental and institutional levels to do endoscopic diagnostic procedures effectively during COVID-19 outbreak and to break the transmission chain. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Person-toperson transmission is thought to occur among close contacts mainly via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, which is very common in endoscopic procedures in Otorhinolaryngology. • Deep cleaning and fumigation of the room should be performed when a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 positive patient undergoes a procedure. • When possible, procedures on COVID-19 suspect/positive patients should be performed as the last procedure, and the endoscopy room should be thoroughly ventilated for at least 1 h before the next procedure by using blowers or natural ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258841-n55qp6ov author = Baena-Díez, Jose Miguel title = Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2685 sentences = 147 flesch = 51 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. The objective of this study was to analyse the di erences in COVID-19 age-standardized incidence rate by mean income of the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. The crude incidence rates were estimated per 10 000 individuals, assuming the age distribution (<25 years, ≥25 and < 40 years, ≥40 and < 65 years and ≥65 years) of COVID-19 cases in Barcelona was similar to that reported for Spain. The ecological analysis to assess case distribution by district found that the lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003) (Fig. 1 ). The incidence of COVID-19 presented an inverse socioeconomic gradient in the city of Barcelona according to average income by district. cache = ./cache/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258879-dueab356 author = Imran, Nazish title = Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3879 sentences = 222 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress, and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. Previous small-scale studies done to assess psychological morbidity among postgraduate trainees in Pakistan found that 14% had depression symptoms and 8% had moderate anxiety. ► Female postgraduate trainees and those working as front-line healthcare workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-258879-dueab356.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258879-dueab356.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258846-v6aaflzc author = Shruti, V.C. title = Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3161 sentences = 151 flesch = 49 summary = In developing countries such as Thailand, Japan, Mexico, Vietnam, and South Africa, where surgical and N95 masks have been reserved for health care providers or are scarce, the main alternative for the general public seems to be the use of nonmedical reusable masks made up of fabric or cloth. Considering that plastic pollution in the marine environment is a global issue, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced changes, an increasing number of research papers have raised concerns about plastic waste management and the improper disposal of PPE (Sharma et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2020) . As textiles have become an important source of microplastics, arguably, it is important to consider including reusable masks in microplastic research to address questions concerning its contribution to microfiber generation during machineand hand-laundering. Covid-19 face masks: a potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment cache = ./cache/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258859-iaiosjlu author = Wang, Jiao title = Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2683 sentences = 159 flesch = 53 summary = In the context of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) cases globally, there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings; and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context. The mask is generally used 278 by general public, while the respirator or a filtering face piece, which is designed to 279 protect the wearer from exposure to airborne contaminants, is mainly used by health care 280 workers especially during AGP (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 281 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258698-ggzvhamk author = Hong, Daqing title = Kidney manifestations of mild, moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3085 sentences = 187 flesch = 58 summary = Previous data from Wuhan city showed that acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria and hematuria occurred frequently in patients with severe COVID-19. The current literature shows that patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to develop into severe cases after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 [1, [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . The study identified a total of 168 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Sichuan province, including 101 patients from the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (the Chengdu cohort), and 67 patients from the Daofu People's Hospital (the Daofu cohort). Among the 21 patients with the severe or critical type of COVID-19 in the Chengdu cohort who completed a urine dipstick test, 10 of them (47.6%) were positive for proteinuria and 11 of them (52.4%) were positive for dipstick hematuria (Figure 1 ). Proteinuria and dipstick hematuria are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 infection, especially in severe or critical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258844-b4d79m1f author = Denning, M. title = DETERMINANTS OF BURNOUT AND OTHER ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3793 sentences = 237 flesch = 49 summary = Methods From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49-2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.84), and other clinical staff (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45-2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92-6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04-5.42). This study aims to describe the prevalence and predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey consisted of four parts; demographic questions followed by 3 validated psychometric instruments; the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. cache = ./cache/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258895-bfosmipc author = Jalaber, Carole title = Role of upfront CT pulmonary angiography at admission in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1158 sentences = 68 flesch = 47 summary = • There is no clear evidence that there is a benefit to routinely perform CT pulmonary angiography as first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia. Recent studies (6, 7, 8) have reported a high cumulative incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), ranging from 23% to 30%, but these reports mainly concerned severe patients admitted in ICU. To date, the prevalence of acute PE at baseline presentation of unselected COVID-19 patients remains unknown, as is the benefit of a systematic CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) at initial screening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PE when systematically performing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) as first-line imaging modality in patients with COVID-19 suspicion. From March 26 th , 2020, following the reports of frequent PE in COVID-19 patients (9, 10) , it was decided to systematically perform CTPA as first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of COVID-19 at xxxx (Blinded for review) University Hospital, unless there were contraindications to contrast medium administration. cache = ./cache/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258877-6hy37qxa author = Dolgikh, S. title = Covid-19 vs BCG Universal Immunization: Statistical Significance at Six Months of Exposure date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3862 sentences = 194 flesch = 48 summary = The intent of this work was to analyze publicly available Covid-19 epidemiological data by reporting national and subnational jurisdictions with respect to the hypothesized induced immunity population-scale protection resulting from a universal BCG vaccination policy (UBIP), current or previous, and attempt both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hypothesis of correlation between a current or previous UBIP in the jurisdiction and a milder scenario of Covid-19 epidemics; to verify the assumptions, results and conclusions of the earlier studies [1, 2, [4] [5] [6] with a specific objective to determine, in a quantitative analysis, the constraints and confidence of the correlation and null hypotheses. We use qualitative methods such as case comparison, trend analysis and quantitative ones such evaluation of statistical parameters to analyze trends in development of the epidemiological situation across monitored jurisdictions with the intent to evaluate the significance of the correlation hypothesis between the impact of Covid-19 epidemics and a record of universal BCG immunization. cache = ./cache/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258722-1o6zhnnj author = Gbinigie, Kome title = Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 193 flesch = 50 summary = In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In another pre-print, Andreania and colleagues 13 report the results of an in vitro study assessing the activity of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo research effectiveness Only one trial was identified on the effectiveness of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19, conducted by Gautret and colleagues in France and reported in a pre-print 14 (see Table 1 ). The same research team that conducted the in vivo study included in this review conducted a singlearm trial of 80 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and showed mild symptoms, 17 to further assess the effectiveness of the combined hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin treatment regime. No in vivo studies were identified assessing the safety or effectiveness of azithromycin as a standalone treatment for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258832-0kyf7ikr author = Bullis, Sean S.M. title = A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 944 sentences = 62 flesch = 52 summary = We present the case of a patient that, based on known exposure to a COVID-19 positive family member, typical symptoms, suggestive labs, and consistent imaging, had a high pre-test probability of having COVID-19, yet tested negative on two successive NP RT-PCRs. Only on the third COVID-19 sample, taken from sputum, was the patient ultimately correctly diagnosed. Based on these observations, the authors theorized a de-isolation protocol that not only considers date from symptom onset as is suggested by CDC (7), but also viral load. In patients with a high pre-test probability of COVID-19, a single negative NP RT-PCR may be insufficient to rule-out disease. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258725-z79gel8h author = Wood, R. title = Sharing a household with children and risk of COVID-19: a study of over 300,000 adults living in healthcare worker households in Scotland date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5315 sentences = 272 flesch = 53 summary = Methods Using a Scotland-wide record-linkage based occupational cohort comprising healthcare workers and members of their households, we examined whether sharing a household with young children (aged 0 to 11) attenuated the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19, and/or testing positive for COVID-19 infection of any severity (any case of Covid-19). Similar, but slightly stronger associations were found when the analysis was restricted to households where at least one member of staff had a patient-facing role (fully adjusted model, HR per child 0.83; 95% CI 0.68-1.02, Supplementary Table S3), a group with greater occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 than non-patient facing healthcare workers, although on formally testing for an interaction between patient facing and non-patient facing groups, the coefficient included the null, (P-value for interaction = 0.80). cache = ./cache/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author = Galea, Sandro title = Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 147 flesch = 49 summary = While this pandemic was novel in 2020, its population health footprint was established long before the novel coronavirus crossed over into humans, following causes that are influenced by causes at multiple levels of influence, from national and state policies, to local conditions of exposure, to forces that shape risk of other diseases that in turn predispose populations to Covid-19 infection and its consequences. 8 This suggests that age interacts with the other causes of infection (exposure risks due to physical contact for example) as well as with other causes of morbidity (underlying diabetes or heart disease for example) to be a factor as important as the virus itself in determining the scale and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. 10 This reflects, rather simply, the central importance of age as an important, even if insufficient, covariate (i.e., age by itself, without SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in Covid-19), one that changes our understanding of the disease through its intimate interaction with the key exposure, and should accordingly inform our public health action. cache = ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258888-amimzjee author = Ananth, Lakshmi title = Management of ENT Surgical Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown: Our Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3667 sentences = 187 flesch = 48 summary = Appropriate protocols for screening, triage and management of non-COVID patients with due precautions and infection control strategies can ensure that emergencies get timely and appropriate attention while preventing spread of infection among patients and healthcare workers. In this article, we describe our experience with the triage and management of ENT & Lakshmi Ananth lakshmiananth@yahoo.com emergencies at a tertiary referral hospital in the setting of a lockdown with limited resources and the protocol followed by us to maximize the safety of health care personnel involved and avoiding the possibility of hospital transmission of infection. In the absence of testing facility, the above suggested protocol will be helpful while performing surgeries even after the lockdown period ends in order to minimize the risk of hospital transmission of infection and increase the safety of patients and healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258965-g47n531n author = Ekpenyong, Bernadine title = Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4732 sentences = 209 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed. cache = ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258817-9xzjlegx author = Zhang, Stephen X. title = At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1205 sentences = 68 flesch = 57 summary = This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. This study reports the health conditions (SF-12, K6, PHQ-4) and job satisfaction of healthcare staff during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran in early April. PPE access predicted better physical health and job satisfaction, and lower distress. Taken together, the results suggest distinct predictor patterns for healthcare staff's mental health in Iran versus China, resonating with an earlier study of an Iranian public sample (Jahanshahi et al., 2020) . Our results corroborate their suggestions and call for future research to identify mental health predictors for the public and healthcare staff in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries vary in their medical systems and clinical capacity, future studies should examine healthcare workers' health conditions and their predictors in individual countries, given protecting their health and satisfaction is paramount during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258916-jbdz1pk0 author = Andreae, MH title = Data and Debriefing Observations on Healthcare Simulation to Prepare for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Simulation for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2882 sentences = 161 flesch = 40 summary = We report on data and debriefing observations in the context of an immersive simulation conducted to (a) train clinicians and (b) test new protocols and kits, developed in table-top exercises without prior clinical experience to fit anticipated clinical encounters in the setting of the rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic. We simulated scenarios with particular relevance for anesthesiology, perioperative and critical care, including (1) cardiac arrest, (2) emergency airway management, (3) tele-instruction for remote guidance and supervision, and (4) transporting an intubated patient. • Immersive healthcare simulation employing anticipated clinical encounters may be useful to test COVID-19 [8, 10, 11] and other airborne contagious disease hospital protocols, developed with limited clinical experience, to detect shortcoming before such gaps become apparent in clinical care and threaten patient or provider safety. cache = ./cache/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258873-l9oxmqdp author = Baker, D. title = COVID‐19 vaccine‐readiness for anti‐CD20‐depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6017 sentences = 323 flesch = 44 summary = It appears that the innate immune response, and perhaps later anti-viral CD8 T cell responses, could eliminate the SARS-CoV2 before significant antibody responses have developed [20, 28, 33] (Fig. 1) , suggesting that most MS treatments that largely exhibit limited persistent effects on the innate immune and CD8 T cell responses would have limited influence on COVID-19. The suggestion that rituximab treatment may increase risk of infection should be considered in the context of possible sampling biases, although this Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells in the lung and the gut via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). If COVID-19-related vaccine responses become a key concern among people with MS or other autoimmune diseases choosing treatment options, the selection of B cell-depleting agents that allow quick repopulation of B cells may be relevant for optimum vaccine readiness. cache = ./cache/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258976-w2up63o9 author = Steinberg, Eric title = In Young Adults with COVID-19, Obesity Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1485 sentences = 92 flesch = 52 summary = We sought to identify whether adverse outcomes such as mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, or hospitalization are associated with obesity, particularly in COVID-19 patients 45 years and younger. Although previous studies representing different cohorts address obesity when describing clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, we are the first to address obesity as a potential independent risk factor for adverse outcomes specific to adults 45 years old and under with COVID-19. A recent, single-center study from New York University concluded that obesity in adults under 60 is a risk factor for hospital admission and need for intensive care but did not investigate mortality or need for mechanical ventilation. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Obesity in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Is a Risk Factor for Covid-19 Hospital Admission cache = ./cache/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258991-mrs5j2ep author = Huang, Yeen title = Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3069 sentences = 142 flesch = 53 summary = title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Therefore, using a web-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. All subjects reported their demographic data, COVID-19 related information, and completed three standardized questionnaires which assessed their generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Our web-based study shows a high prevalence of GAD and poor sleep quality in the Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258885-ev2pvr3s author = Werth, Annette title = Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4842 sentences = 233 flesch = 57 summary = With this methodology, energy load, generation and international transmission were studied for 16 European countries, for which data were available, to understand how Europe's electric grid was affected by the epidemic. To understand and measure the impact of governmental restrictions on the electrical power system, at a country level, it is necessary to assess the data recorded during COVID-19 emergency against a counterfactual scenario where the epidemic did not occur. This procedure enabled a systematic determination of the interval of time to study how European countries modulated electrical energy generation, and transmission in order to balance for the reduced consumption. The non-renewable energy sources, such as nuclear and fossil (which includes gas, oil and coal) that typically cover the baseline load, were observed decreasing in generation for most countries, although yearly productions were quite variable (Fig. 5B,C) . cache = ./cache/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259077-ls4h8ht5 author = Dehghani, Payam title = North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications() date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3239 sentences = 157 flesch = 37 summary = METHODS: The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). The registry will enroll patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection with concomitant ST-segment elevation or new LBBB on ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia at the time of presentation to the hospital or that developed while in the hospital. In the non-official social media platform, discussions within and eventually between a 93-member CAIC cardiologist WhatsApp group from Canada, and 49member SCAI Emerging Leader Mentorship current and former Fellow group representing most of the United States was instrumental in linking like-minded individuals resulting in refining the registry protocol as well as publishing ongoing guidance in approaching COVID-19 positive or PUI patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. cache = ./cache/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258767-f6wrgn6z author = El-Khatib, Ziad title = The Association between Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and COVID-19 Mortality Globally date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 768 sentences = 56 flesch = 56 summary = We matched different datasets, through three steps: (i) matching the mortality by country with Growth Domestic Product (GDP); (ii) combining data of the Gini index of net income inequality within countries [11] ; and (iii) linking the data for each country health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in international dollars at purchasing power parity. The median N COVID-19 cases Interquartile range (IQR) per income category was 109 (52; 482), 768 (136; 4794) (p < 0.01) and 3754 (843; 15,834) (p < 0.01) in the respective order from low-to high-middleincome. In the linear regression analysis, adjusted for the Gini index and GDP income category, we found a positive association between out-of-pocket expenditure and mortality (r = 4.6, p = 0.04) (Figure 1 ). The median out-of-pocket expenditure was 37.7 (15.1; 50.6), 206.6 (99.9; 327.5) and 692.1 (470.3; 860.7) in low-, middleand high-income countries. All authors contributed to the outline, content and critical revision of the commentary. cache = ./cache/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259073-dixskemz author = Ward, Christine F. title = Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2126 sentences = 124 flesch = 47 summary = The elderly are the most vulnerable to significant adverse complications from COVID 19 and AMS should be considered as a possible sign of infection to initiate treatment early in the course of the disease, perhaps before respiratory symptoms are apparent. In this report, we present four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who initially presented with altered mental status without fever or cough or respiratory distress. Each of the four patients developed AMS without fever or respiratory symptoms and were transferred to the local emergency department and were tested for the COVID-19 virus as part of their medical work up. Recognizing the COVID-19 infection early is especially important in the frail elderly, particularly for individuals in communal living facilities where isolating these patients can help limit the spread of the virus, There is evidence from previous viral epidemics of associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258891-iogn24iu author = Cabona, Corrado title = Epilepsy course during COVID-19 pandemic in three Italian epilepsy centers date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2523 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = With the aim of managing epilepsy in quarantined patients, three Italian Epilepsy Centers set up telephone consultations using a semistructured interview, allowing a prospective collection of data on seizure course and other seizure-related problems during pandemic. With the aim of managing epilepsy in quarantined patients during COVID-19 pandemic, three Italian Epilepsy Centers set up telephone consultations using a semistructured interview, allowing collection of data on seizure course during pandemic. To address the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on seizure incidence in an emergency setting, data collection included the number of EEG exams performed during a quarantine period (from March 1st to April 30th) for first unprovoked seizures, relapse seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) in the Emergency Department and intensive care unit (ICU) of one of the participating centers (Ospedale San Martino, Genova). Clinical telephone interviews confirmed the absence of COVID-19 quarantine effect on epilepsy course in our cohort, since we did not find any significant change in seizure frequency during that period compared with a control period. cache = ./cache/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259106-nrg1960d author = Vasquez-Chavesta, Angie Z. title = COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 950 sentences = 69 flesch = 68 summary = title: COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge Dear Editor, On February 25, 2020, the first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Latin America (LA). At the end of the epidemiological week 24 (EW24), June 13, MINSA reported a total of 225,132 cases, 10,342 hospitalized patients, 1113 in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and 6498 deaths. Therefore, the healthcare management of patients with any of these diseases represents a real challenge (and we cannot rule out that the Table 1 New and cumulative cases/deaths for dengue and COVID-19, according to epidemiological week. Mortality data (daily and cumulative) for COVID-19 was obtained using the Health Situation Dashboard: COVID-19 Perú (https://covid19.minsa.gob.pe/sala_situacional. COVID-19 and dengue, co-epidemics in Ecuador and other countries in Latin America: pushing strained health care systems over the edge cache = ./cache/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259129-4dio8us0 author = Zhang, S. X. title = Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2495 sentences = 169 flesch = 63 summary = Methods: Between 10 to 30 April, 2020, 240 healthcare workers in Bolivia completed a cross-sectional online survey, which assessed their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study presents the first attempt to document healthcare workers' job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention, and their predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We predict the job-related outcome variables by not only the risk factors of mental health issues identified by the literature, but also healthcare workers' job-related characteristics, such as office days, and whether they are temporary staff or redeployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. . https://doi.org/10.1101 evidence-based screening for mental health, job satisfaction, and turnover issues of their staff during the COVID-19 pandemic (Yang et al., 2020) . This study presents the first attempt to identify which healthcare workers have more or less job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259140-5ik10en4 author = Bianchetti, Angelo title = Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1225 sentences = 83 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVE: No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09–3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. According to our data, the diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259223-6b07qiw2 author = Feitosa, Eduardo L title = COVID-19: Rational discovery of the therapeutic potential of Melatonin as a SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Inhibitor date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6844 sentences = 322 flesch = 40 summary = Molecular docking studies described the binding sites and the interaction energies of 74 Mpro-ligand complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The search for structural similarity used the 10 hit molecules that presented the best interaction energies (Kcal/mol) measured in the docking study among all 74 ligand-Mpro complexes from PDB. The selected hits (top 10 best-scored compounds identified by previous docking study), as well as their respective similar binders, were docked into SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with unliganded active site (PDB id: 6Y84). The interaction between melatonin and Mpro (Figure 4) improved the values of binding energy and created a new perspective for a molecule with high therapeutic potential over the COVID-19 pathology to act, so far, only in more severe cases of the disease. To understand the need to clinically evaluate melatonin against Cov-2, we should make a brief introduction to infectious and physiopathological characteristics related mainly to the viral cycle and host immune response in the COVID-19 ( Figure 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259087-hckz3yk0 author = Diago-Sempere, E. title = Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7034 sentences = 435 flesch = 51 summary = title: Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial Discussion: This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. However, the actual benefits and risks of the intervention remain to be established, particularly in this This clinical trial is designed to evaluate passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with non-severe COVID-19. Due to the existing uncertainties on the potential role of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, we consider that the publication of the study protocol will help other researchers to understand the rationale behind our clinical trial design and may is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259178-2opfkm7l author = Gao, Ya title = Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2786 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = title: Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China This study aimed to analyze research collaboration and distribution of outcome measures in registered interventional clinical trials (ICTs) of COVID-19 conducted in China. This study was designed to evaluate the cooperation between institutions and the distribution of outcome measures in registered interventional clinical trials (ICTs) of COVID-19 conducted in China, to provide a reference for future researchers to register and carry out COVID-19 clinical trials. We included registered ICTs of COVID-19 that conducted in China without restricting the types of interventions, comparisons, and outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the registered ICTs of COVID-19 conducted in China using the bibliometric analysis method and presented collaborations of provinces and institutions, and the distribution of outcome measures by using visual network maps and density maps. cache = ./cache/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258905-0hgdtalg author = Bond, Katherine title = Evaluation of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Serology Testing in a Low-Prevalence Setting date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3663 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: Performance characteristics for 5 PoCT lateral flow devices approved for use in Australia were compared to a commercial enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and a recently described novel surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). A testing panel was specifically developed to test PoCT devices for this study (Supplementary Material), consisting of 3 patient populations: (1) sera from 91 patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by RT-PCR from upper and/or lower respiratory tract specimens; (2) sera from 36 patients with seasonal coronavirus infections or other acute infections (eg, dengue, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus); and (3) serum from a random cohort (56 patients) of the Australian population obtained in 2018. In this study, we assessed the performance characteristics of 5 serological PoCT, a commercial ELISA, and a commercial novel sVNT against a large serum panel from a cohort of over 100 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259052-m2mg4lf4 author = Zhang, Lina title = In Reply date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 654 sentences = 47 flesch = 35 summary = Our paper published in Anesthesiology did not specifically discuss the experience of using lung ultrasonography in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Lung ultrasonography can help to quickly screen for the potential causes of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. Second, it is the current consensus that the timely application of appropriate gas exchange support is essential in COVID-19 patients complicated with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Third, in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, lung ultrasonography can comprehensively assess the potential of lung recruitment based on pulmonary lesions' uniformity and severity and the presence of dynamic air bronchograms and tidal recruitment. Overall, lung ultrasonography has the potential and unique advantages in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require gas exchange support. Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG): Lung ultrasound can be used to predict the potential of prone positioning and assess prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259244-svoakvic author = Soler, Zachary M. title = A primer on viral‐associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4327 sentences = 240 flesch = 50 summary = Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)‐associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. Patients presenting to specialized smell and taste clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)-associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. [12] [13] [14] The purpose of this primer is to provide a brief, practical overview of viral-associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID-19 will likely not be clear for some time. 20 Noting the high rates of spontaneous improvement in smell function over time, an epithelial based etiology is more likely given the known ability for the olfactory receptor neurons to regenerate after damage. The above recommendations are made with the expectation that formal evaluation by an otolaryngologist may not be immediately feasible for many patients with viral-associated smell loss during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for those in severely impacted regions. cache = ./cache/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259033-op94wuy4 author = Wendling, Daniel title = Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1193 sentences = 73 flesch = 42 summary = The potential mechanisms at the origin of arthritis in a context of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 remain at the hypothesis stage. The mechanism of reactive arthritis is plausible, due to the clinical presentation, the delay between the onset (or diagnosis) of COVID and the onset of rheumatological manifestations, the usual negativation of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR at the time of onset of rheumatological involvement. However, cases of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in patients treated with an anti IL-17 monoclonal antibody for spondyloarthritis [19] . Arthritis may be reactive to a masked pulmonary or digestive infection as a consequence of COVID [13] , or it may be a non-specific consequence of the "cytokine storm" that accompanies the symptomatic forms of the disease [20] . This new infectious disease may induce rheumatological manifestations, with the possibility of reactive arthritis. Patient-reported Disease Activity in an Axial Spondyloarthritis Cohort during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Case of Reactive Arthritis Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259014-kl31nvdm author = Binyamin, Y. title = Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 949 sentences = 64 flesch = 55 summary = title: Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic We investigated our WhatsApp group messages and compared the discussions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic became a concern in Israel. Likewise, we sent a questionnaire before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to ask members about the benefits of the WhatsApp group. A study published by a group of gynecologists describing their use of a WhatsApp group reported the mean time to first response was 52 min. described the introduction of key performance indicators (KPI) for pre-hospital emergency anesthesia and used WhatsApp to invite clinicians to participate in a web based survey about the KPI review and reporting process. 4, 5 In conclusion, we report that group members found the use of a professional WhatsApp group provides rapid useful clinical information, particularly in a crisis period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259311-ccx61owl author = Kapitula, D. S. title = Performance & Quality Evaluation of Marketed COVID-19 RNA Detection Kits date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3175 sentences = 187 flesch = 53 summary = In order to provide better understanding of the Quality and performance of COVID-19 RNA detection kits on the market, we designed a system to evaluate the specificity (quantitation), sensitivity (LOD) and robustness of the kits using positive RNA and pseudovirus controls based on COVID-19 genomic sequence. At the time of submission, 23 diagnostic kits have been approved in China, of which 8 are based on quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using COVID-19 viral RNA sequence as templates and fluorescence detection. Our study aims at providing objective evaluation and comparison of the quality and performance characteristics of 8 of the currently marketed COVID-19 nucleic acid detection kits in China based on qPCR and fluorescence detection. Our study provides an elegant design to define the most important performance characteristics of the RNA detection kits for COVID-19, which are specificity (quantitative), sensitivity (LOD), and robustness. cache = ./cache/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259327-6hessuhh author = Agius, Raymond title = Disease and death from work: RIDDOR and covid-19 date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1517 sentences = 72 flesch = 49 summary = A second technical summary by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) reports 8666 covid-19 notifications (including 125 deaths) in Great Britain where occupational exposure was suspected as the cause during the pandemic up to 8 August 2020 [1] . These notifications arise out of the statutory duty of employers (usually acting on a medical diagnosis) to notify such cases to the HSE (or local authorities) as specified in the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (2013) (RIDDOR). Out of the 8666 cases in the HSE technical summary, 6736 (78%) were workers in the industry sectors of health care, residential care and other social work activities including 102 (81%) of the deaths. The HSE guidance [3] allows doctors to highlight the significance of work-related factors when communicating a diagnosis of covid-19 such that these cases would also be reportable. cache = ./cache/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259257-yw3k8kr4 author = Logar, Silvia title = Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 565 sentences = 37 flesch = 47 summary = title: Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study According to the Decree, the care home (Residenza Sanitaria Assistenziale, RSA) should be equipped for patient isolation, avoid mixing COVID-19 cases with other residents, and provide dedicated staff to care exclusively for suspected/confirmed COVID-19, to mitigate the risk of further SARS-CoV-2 spread. In part, the outcome reflects the wider issues afflicting infection control compliance in Italy: 1) the systematic failure in the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), posing at risk both health workers (34.1% infection rate among RSA personnel reported in Lombardy) and residents; 2) the lack of care providers, preventing exclusive health assistance for suspected/confirmed COVID-19; 3) and the COVID-19 inadequate testing policy, facilitating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases. Unprepared care homes have emerged as new COVID-19 hotspots, struggling to secure safe lockdown for elderly residents, at risk for severe and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259281-4w1tyqw9 author = Shah, Vishank Arun title = Acute Encephalopathy Is Associated With Worse Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1435 sentences = 91 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute encephalopathy is common and more likely to occur in patients with medical co-morbidities and are more likely to need critical care, intubation and have higher 30-day mortality even after adjusting for age and underlying medical co-morbidities. De-identified patient information for COVID-19 patients with and without acute encephalopathy were extracted using TriNetX, a global health collaborative clinical research platform collecting real-time electronic medical record data from a network of health care organizations across U.S.A. and some outside US territories. Then, baseline demographics, co-morbidities and clinical outcomes, including need for critical care services, intubation and mortality within 30 days from COVID-19 diagnosis were compared in patients with and without encephalopathy. We found that need for critical care services, intubation and 30-day mortality were significantly higher in patients who had acute encephalopathy and this difference persisted even after propensity-score matching for age, demographics and medical co-morbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259267-trpo5w11 author = Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence among personnel in the healthcare facilities of Croatia, 2020 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1490 sentences = 94 flesch = 48 summary = From April 25 to May 24, 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic curve was approaching the end of the first wave in Croatia, a total of 592 serum samples from HCWs and allied/auxiliary HCWs were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Two studies from the United Kingdom showed that 18% of symptomatic HCWs 6 and 3% of asymptomatic HCWs tested RT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 7 . Data are limited on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs. In this study, using ELISA, SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 2.7% of participants, while neutralizing antibodies were detected in 1.5% of participants, indicating a low seroprevalence among HCWs in Croatia. In the present study, three seropositive HCWs reported experiencing COVID-19-consistent clinical symptoms, while six were asymptomatic. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259181-g47n97tc author = Khan, Zahid Hussain title = Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1127 sentences = 46 flesch = 53 summary = At times chest CT-Scan is used as an important compliment to the rRT-PCR test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 because it has a higher Se reaching up to 97% (4) . Other than the chest CT-Scan, the currently available diagnostic tests for the coronavirus disease have a low positive predictive value for the disease because of a low Se and moderate Sp. Thus, we are witnessing a large number of false positives or else would be missing too many true positives. Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259329-8pta6o6a author = Haimovich, Adrian title = Development and validation of the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI): a prognostic tool for early clinical decompensation date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4823 sentences = 275 flesch = 44 summary = The objective of this study was to derive a risk stratification tool to predict 24 hour respiratory decompensation in admitted patients with COVID-19. 12 Second, to aid healthcare providers in assessing illness severity in COVID-3 19 patients, we present predictive models of early respiratory failure during hospitalization and compare them to three benchmarks accessible using data in the electronic health record: the Elixhauser comorbidity index, 13 the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA), 14, 15 and the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score. This was a retrospective observational cohort study to develop a prognostic model of early respiratory decompensation in patients admitted from the emergency department with COVID-19. 1Consistent with clinical observations, we noted a significant rate of progression to critical respiratory illness within the first 24 hours of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259271-4zj60pu8 author = Moutray, Chad title = In recovery mode: manufacturers try to bounce back after COVID-19 disruptions date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4986 sentences = 221 flesch = 52 summary = In a special survey conducted around that time, 35.5% of respondents said that they were facing supply chain disruptions and more than 78% noted that they expected the outbreak would negative impact their finances (National Association of Manufacturers 2020a). Prior to COVID-19, workforce challenges had been the main concern for manufacturing respondents for 10 consecutive quarters, and these data suggest that it continues to be a struggle, despite the dramatically changed labor market. Overall, manufacturing continues to stabilize in most economies, even as production and other activity remains well below levels seen before the COVID-19 pandemic began. To illustrate that point, all but one (France) of the top 10 markets for US manufactured goods had better manufacturing PMI readings in August than in July, and six of those economies had expanding manufacturing sectors, up from just one (China) in May. 3 2 Severe disruptions in production, hiring and exports US manufacturing production fell abruptly and sharply between February and April, plunging 20.2% over that time frame (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259338-q3kw6n9o author = Jean, Sim Xiang Ying title = Utilizing the Electronic Health Records to Create a Syndromic Staff Surveillance System During the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2561 sentences = 134 flesch = 49 summary = We aimed to create a prototype staff surveillance system for the detection of acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst our healthcare workers (HCWs) and describe its effectiveness. Conclusion The use of syndromic surveillance to detect ARI clusters amongst HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic may enable early case detection and prevent onward transmission. Utilizing the electronic health records, we have created a prototypic surveillance system in the detection of acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst staff and aim to describe its effectiveness in this study. The aim of this descriptive analytic study is to describe the effectiveness of a prototypic staff syndromic surveillance system in identifying acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst the staff population in the hospital. This initial feasibility study shows that the use of a syndromic surveillance system has the ability to identify ARI clusters amongst staff populations that would initiate downstream investigation and active screening. cache = ./cache/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259269-hjmmn8xm author = Nattel, Stanley title = A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 868 sentences = 65 flesch = 49 summary = title: A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients 1 For its part, the CJC has developed a strategy to allow rapid review, dissemination and publication of manuscripts related to Covid-19. These articles provide detailed guidance from the CCS and affiliate societies on cardiac surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic, 2 minimizing the risk of drug-induced long QT Syndrome with QT-prolonging drugs used to treat Covid-19, 3 and post-discharge cardiac rehabilitation needs during the pandemic. 5 This article carefully reviews epidemiology, public health control and management issues. Any society that attempts to reopen economic activity without careful public health controls risks seeing rapid reactivation of widespread infection and death. Cardiac surgery in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement from the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons cache = ./cache/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author = Tadesse, Trhas title = Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5279 sentences = 264 flesch = 54 summary = title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice among Higher Education employees in Addis Ababa Ethiopia using a Health Belief Model. A multicentered cross-sectional study design was used to assess predictors of COVID-19 prevention practices using a Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. The questionnaire was used to gather employees' demographic data, knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention, Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action self-efficacy), and practice of COVID-19 prevention. cache = ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259562-e1htl489 author = Petzold, Moritz Bruno title = Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 191 flesch = 51 summary = An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259481-og7n82fl author = Zhang, Hai-tao title = Automated detection and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia: CT imaging analysis by a deep learning-based software date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2915 sentences = 155 flesch = 52 summary = Radiological examinations, especially thin slice chest Computed tomography (CT) scans, play an important role in identifying the early phase of lung infection, monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical decision making for COVID-19 patients [5, 7, 8] . In the present study, the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System, a deep learning-based software, was used to automatically extract and analyse regions suspected to be infected with the virus. The uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System, a deep learningbased software, was specifically developed by United Imaging Medical Technology Company Limited (Shanghai, China) for COVID-19 assessment. In this study, we analysed the CT scans of 2460 COVID-19 patients using the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System. The ability of the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis to quickly and accurately localize and quantify infection regions from CT scans will not only aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, but also aid in assessing the disease to help guide physicians in their treatment plans. cache = ./cache/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author = Samidurai, Arun title = Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10768 sentences = 530 flesch = 38 summary = Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. Respiratory illness and acute cardiac injury are major clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late stage complications of the disease [38] . Based on the available clinical data, potential myocardial injury is a relevant challenge among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with increased risk of mortality; therefore, it is essential for multidisciplinary assessment, including blood pressure control in hypertensive patients as well as cardiovascular evaluation and therapy to reduce the morality for COVID-19 infection. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259331-hi6gyp52 author = Malhotra, Ajay title = COVID-19 Initial Impact on Radiology Practices: Survey from ACR/RBMA date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2011 sentences = 121 flesch = 54 summary = Conclusions Radiology practices across different settings experienced substantial declines in imaging volumes and collections during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. Table 2 summarizes the responses regarding the expected speed and extent of recovery in imaging volumes, possible short-term surge due to postponed elective imaging, and adverse impact on practices. Respondents expecting a short-term surge due to postponed elective imaging was 58.3% for imaging centers, 56.0% for hospital-based organizations, 51.6% for mixed practices, and 63.7% for others/breast centers. [8] Recently, COVID-19 associated declines in imaging volumes were described for a single large health system in New York, the area hit hardest by the initial wave of COVID-19 cases, as well as a large University Hospital in Northern California.[1; 2] The survey shows similar results with estimated percentage decline from baseline in imaging volumes being greatest for imaging centers (63.7%), with smaller declines from hospital-based, mixed and other practices (56-58%). cache = ./cache/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259540-e7xt6pck author = Wang, Guan title = Description of COVID‐19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1876 sentences = 121 flesch = 58 summary = Under the outbreak of COVID‐19, it was urgent to analyze the cases from clinical features and epidemiological factors, as well as understand the effectiveness of measures taken on disease prevent and control. 3, 12 Along with national actions against the disease, the Zhejiang government has also taken emergency measures to control the outbreak of disease, such as application of big data for monitoring the health status of citizens, 13 and development of nucleic acid detection kit for the early detection of COVID-19 cases. 10, 22 Since closely contact with confirmed cases was the leading cause to COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, it is of great importance to quarantine the population with epidemiological exposure to prevent disease transmission. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259619-sco0d5cc author = Ludvigsson, Johnny title = Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2498 sentences = 129 flesch = 51 summary = title: Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society We suggest here that more selective assisted isolation of vulnerable populations would reduce the predictable increase in hospital admissions and more rapidly alleviate the fallout from total lockdown measures. Even though COVID19 sometimes leads to need for treatment at intensive care units (ICU) also for younger individuals, the virus appears most dangerous for a selected group of the most vulnerable people. We must consider diverting our major efforts to protect the vulnerable-elderly and patients with preexisting comorbidities-by providing safe and assisted isolation and care; not least now that lockdown rules start to be relaxed. However, these measures have isolated subjects at risk, but have not increased immunization of the population with so called herd immunity through the transient infection of the less vulnerable. cache = ./cache/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259250-ybfyiykz author = Korem, Sindhuja title = Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1969 sentences = 124 flesch = 50 summary = In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To date, there are only 12 published cases of COVID-19-related Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). 4 Increasing reports of neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 are emerging, but only a few cases of GBS associated with this virus have been established. The case series by Mao et al in Wuhan, China, was one of the first studies that showed neurologic manifestations in patients with COVID-19. 15 There Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) should be considered in patients with peripheral nervous system symptoms. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report cache = ./cache/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259288-eahhf7yh author = Lee, Elaine Y P title = COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us? date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1315 sentences = 75 flesch = 49 summary = In late December, 2019, a cluster of cases of viral pneumonia was linked to a seafood market in Wuhan (Hubei, China), and was later determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV). In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Heshui Shi and colleagues 3 discuss the CT fi ndings and temporal changes of COVID-19 pneumonia with reference to the time of onset of symptoms, in the largest cohort thus far reported. [4] [5] [6] Notably, in Shi and colleagues' study, the asymptomatic (subclinical) group of patients showed early CT changes, supporting what was fi rst observed in a familial cluster with COVID-19 pneumonia. There is more to be learnt about this novel contagious viral pneumonia; more research is needed into the correlation of CT findings with clinical severity and progression, the predictive value of baseline CT or temporal changes for disease outcome, and the sequelae of acute lung injury induced by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259358-p6ov2r6g author = Horii, Toshihiro title = Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1523 sentences = 86 flesch = 47 summary = title: Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review Some patients with these image characteristics develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and require a ventilator and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [2] . However, the patient continued to experience remission and exacerbation of pneumothorax, and his lungs showed widespread consolidative opacities and decreased volume, and he eventually died of multiple organ failure on the 97 th day of illness, despite aggressive treatment attempts (Fig. 5 ). This case followed such a course and progressed to ARDS, requiring treatment with a ventilator and ECMO, and he developed incurable pneumothorax with giant bulla. To our knowledge, five previous case reports of pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients have been published to date [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] . This case and previous reports suggest that COVID-19 pneumothorax occurs with a relatively late onset (3-8 weeks). This case and previous reports suggest that COVID-19 pneumothorax occurs with a relatively late onset (3-8 weeks). cache = ./cache/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author = Rogerson, Stephen J. title = Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4064 sentences = 185 flesch = 40 summary = These gains are largely attributable to expanding the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs), indoor spraying of residual insecticides (IRS) and other vector control strategies; access to early diagnosis (e.g. rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)); and more effective antimalarial treatments [1] , together with targeted interventions such as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Key interventions and innovative approaches, such as targeted MDA programmes and enhanced distribution of ITNs, will be critical in preventing dramatic increases in malaria deaths [12] , but their implementation and prioritisation will bring logistic and financial challenges given COVID-19 disruptions and the competing needs of other health issues and services. To reduce the impact of COVID-19 disruptions, it is essential that the supply of diagnostics and treatments for malaria are maintained and that there is strong support of ITN distribution, IRS and other preventive interventions. Support malaria-endemic countries both in fighting COVID-19 disease and in controlling malaria through an integrated health care programme and community engagement. cache = ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259618-kl0aq0ut author = De Leo, Diego title = The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2507 sentences = 110 flesch = 54 summary = On the other hand, in the present situation, caregivers of people with dementia are also exposed to extra stress: limited opportunities to offer the usual level of care; food and cleaning management more problematic; worries and concerns for the possibility of contaminating an older adult that would not survive the disease; and, in a situation like the Italian one, the many "badanti" (carers from Eastern Europe) without a regular contract (Rugolotto et al., 2017) , now impeded to reach the home of the older adults they take care of because they are intercepted by the police at check points. Unfortunately, this elementary strategy to guarantee that health professionals were sufficiently protected toward the virus was not applied with due care, and up to date the number of doctors who died from the infection during their professional activity is unbearable (109 victims, at the time of writing). cache = ./cache/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259523-92hz534s author = Pullen, Lara C. title = COVID‐19: transplant works toward adaptation date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 93 flesch = 52 summary = These recommendations state that during the COVID-19 pandemic, deceased donor kidney transplantations should be performed only if it is possible to transplant a SARS-CoV-2 negative organ into a SARS-CoV-2 negative patient, and that renal transplantation should be prioritized for recipients facing urgent clinical conditions "because frequent healthcare contact due to the severity of their underlying disease means that these patients will remain at high risk for acquiring SARS-CoV-2, a risk that might be greater than the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition through successful transplantation," says Dr. Remuzzi. Currently, the American Society of Transplantation and the ISOT do not recommend the use of organs from living donors who are SARS-CoV-2 positive or classifi ed as high risk after screening. Recently, colleagues at Dr. Remuzzi's institution reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the kidney, and the potential for donor-derived COVID-19 infection remains unknown. Dr. Potena estimates that in a typical winter, 20 to 25% of the transplant center's patients have COVID-like symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259699-48jg7ci7 author = González-Calatayud, Dra Mariel title = Observational study of the suspected or confirmed cases of sars COV-2 infection needing emergency surgical intervention during the first months of the pandemic in a third level hospital: Case series date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2797 sentences = 131 flesch = 46 summary = METHOD: We conducted an observational study of patients undergoing surgical intervention in the operating room assigned as COVID, where we considered age, sex, treating department, type of intervention, and initial biomarkers (first five days of hospitalization), days of hospital stay, days in the Intensive Care Unit and reason for discharge. We conducted an observational study of patients undergoing surgical intervention in the operating room assigned as COVID, where we considered age, sex, treating department, type of intervention, and initial laboratory tests (first five days of hospitalization): ferritin, D-dimer, total leucocyte count, total lymphocyte count, lymphocytes (%), platelets, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and procalcitonin; we also considered days of hospital stay (DOHS), days in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and reason for discharge. Indeed, it has been decided to reduce elective surgical treatment, we have also observed that patients undergoing emergency surgery with suspicion or confirmation of SARS-Cov-2 infection have significant mortality depending on the performed surgical procedure, without relevant findings regarding biomarkers. cache = ./cache/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259605-6qa17pfb author = Coleman, Julia R. title = Maintaining Trauma Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urban, Level-1 Trauma Center's Experience date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1244 sentences = 74 flesch = 45 summary = This Surgical Perspectives centers around an urban, Level-1 trauma center's experience in meeting the challenge to maintain trauma care access and capability during the COVID-19 pandemic. As we increased our ICU capacity for COVID-19 patients, we dedicated the surgical Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Our current teams include trauma, emergency general surgery, and SICU, with a staggered "home cohort" on call and available if any provider becomes ill or demand increases. This is best done by helping other trauma centers identify patients requiring transfer to high level of care and patients with potentially nonsurvivable injuries, as well as letting them know availability to receive transfers and/or consultations through telehealth platforms. Additionally, immediate response of trauma attending surgeon at all levels of alerts has increased quick triage and assessment of the need for additional personnel and resources. cache = ./cache/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259306-3ldoo5ly author = Gillespie, Megan title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Complicated by Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 806 sentences = 59 flesch = 42 summary = The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.(1) The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic by March 2020.(1) The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a current global health emergency. The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. Chest x-ray was repeated on this seventh day of his hospitalization, and spontaneous pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and bilateral patchy airspace disease were noted, all new findings compared to CXR on initial presentation (Figure 2 ). With these new findings on portable CXR, the patient had a computed tomography (CT) chest without IV contrast performed that also demonstrated extensive pneumomediastinum and bilateral groundglass opacities, but no pleural or pericardial effusion, no pneumothorax, and no lymphadenopathy (Figure 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259793-pue0mv99 author = Shamshiripour, Ali title = How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7748 sentences = 369 flesch = 53 summary = Combining stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, the survey was structured to collect information in three major categories: 1) socio-demographic details such as residential location, age, gender, race, as well as the economic factors including individual job categories and annual household income; 2) health-related factors such as weight and height, and physical exercise habits, as well as COVID-19 exposure risk factors such as having pre-existing medical conditions and being in close contact with a confirmed case; and 3) an extensive set of questions about people's attitudes and perceptions, habits, and daily activity-travel behavior. The previous sections discussed the dynamics of various aspects of activity-travel behavior and perceptions impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and this section seeks to put the results into perspective for transportation planning and offer insights for future research. cache = ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259611-q7ksx47g author = Mulanda Aura, Christopher title = Consequences of calamities and their management: the case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5100 sentences = 269 flesch = 55 summary = This study examined the effects of COVID-19 and flooding on the major inland capture fisheries in Kenya to illustrate the effect of such calamities on vulnerable communities to guide interventions. The objective of the study was to examine the consequence of the measures put in place to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding in Kenya to guide interventions to sustain livelihoods of affected communities. This study was intended to demonstrate the short term consequences of calamities such as COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on vulnerable dependent communities such as those of inland capture fisheries to guide interventions towards sustaining livelihoods now and in the future. Validation of socioeconomics field collected during this study with EFMIS data of the price of major commercial fishes (in USD) before and during Covid-19 and flooding in selected riparian counties of Lake Victoria, Kenya. cache = ./cache/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259448-deya8dwn author = Li, Caixia title = Differential microRNA expression in the peripheral blood from human patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2648 sentences = 172 flesch = 56 summary = The expression levels of various miRNAs were detected by high‐throughput sequencing, and correlation analysis was performed on the target genes that are primed by miRNAs. KEY FINDINGS: Compared with the healthy controls, 35 miRNAs were upregulated and 38 miRNAs were downregulated in the human patients with COVID‐19. 16 In this study, to better understand the miRNA expression pattern in peripheral blood collected from human COVID-19 patients and healthy donors, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were employed. The differential miRNA expression found in COVID-19 patients may regulate the immune responses and viral replication during viral infection. As shown in Figure 3 , there were significant differences in the miRNA expression between the COVID-19 patients and the control group. In the present study, the differential miRNA expression in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors was observed. cache = ./cache/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259566-qtlq7a6l author = Guraya, Salman Yousuf title = Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2421 sentences = 150 flesch = 39 summary = title: Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article Benefits of delaying elective and non-urgent surgery outweighs the risk of performing surgical procedures on patients with asymptomatic or active COVID-19 disease. Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, small trocar incisions, negative pressure environment, and setting energy devices at low modes can help reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. This write up provides a brief account of the impact of the COVID-19, big data analytics of response of medical personnel in curtailing and understanding the disease process and the consensus guidelines for carrying out laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures. -Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, negative pressure air flow, and setting electrocautery energy devices at low modes can possibly reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259660-x9sobzyw author = Mohakud, Nirmal K title = An Assumed Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1435 sentences = 90 flesch = 56 summary = In the present report, we describe a premature newborn, who was born to a primigravida mother with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. The newborn tested positive at 12 hours of life for COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the tracheal aspirate sample [9] . The authors in one review reported 179 cases of newborns tested positive at birth, whose mothers were infected in the third trimester of pregnancy [5] . The authors of one study described that three newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection had positive antibodies (IgM and IgG) at birth [7, 8] . In the present report, the index newborn was tested positive at 12 hours of life without any features of symptomatic COVID-19 infection [9] . Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn A neonate born to mother with COVID-19 during pregnancy & HELLP syndrome: a possible vertical transmission cache = ./cache/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259691-3bo4md44 author = Zhao, Ming title = Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1236 sentences = 70 flesch = 39 summary = • Other immunomodulatory agents with good safety profiles may be considered for use in combination with antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe or critical cases of COVID-19. Combined use of an immunomodulatory agentto reduce the cytokine stormwith an antiviral agent may give physicians more time to provide supportive treatment for patients with Corticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs for immunomodulatory therapy of infectious diseases. Tocilizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-6, has been recommended for use in severe or critically ill patients with extensive lesions in bilateral lungs and a confirmed elevated level of IL-6 in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7) issued by the National Health Commission of China [7] . Overall, certain immunomodulatory agents with good safety profiles may be considered for use in combination with antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe or critical cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259905-msefg1ww author = DA SILVA, MICHAEL title = COVID-19 and Health-Related Authority Allocation Puzzles date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6158 sentences = 336 flesch = 49 summary = Several recent COVID-19-related controversies independently raise unique concerns but jointly highlight the need to reflect on a more basic question: How can and/or should authority, and thus responsibility, over healthcare and public health law and policy be allocated within (and possibly across) countries? Although the controversies take different forms across the globe, the underlying issues are perfectly general, arising in "federal" countries, like the United States and Canada, and more "centralized" ones, like France and Israel, where all formal powers rest with a single level of government but administrative authority rests with more "local" actors who often have broad discretion to act without close oversight. Some view North American federal governments' particular failures to secure adequate resources prior to the pandemic reaching the continent as favoring North American countries' "decentralized" approach to healthcare and public health law and policy, but distribution of the goods those countries do possess is unequal across their constituent units (states/provinces) and inefficient in the sense of ensuring PPE are where they are most needed. cache = ./cache/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259808-82drb14x author = Andrews, Paul L R title = COVID‐19, nausea, and vomiting date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7911 sentences = 404 flesch = 46 summary = Considering the likely effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the digestive tract (discussed further), a relationship between symptoms such as nausea/vomiting and diarrhea would not be unexpected but identifying the time of onset of each postinfection is essential to assessing their relative relevance for diagnosis. There are no formal studies at present so we have reviewed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (and other coronaviruses) on the digestive tract in the light of knowledge of the established mechanisms of nausea and vomiting; this is the same approach that has been used to understand the pathogenesis of other symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea 10 ). We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 would induce acute (first few days postinfection) nausea and vomiting by causing the release of key hormones from the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the mucosa of the upper GI tract or after gaining direct entry into the blood, by acting directly within the brainstem. cache = ./cache/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259952-58q4ma92 author = Ganson, Kyle T. title = Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 958 sentences = 59 flesch = 55 summary = Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency health care utilization has acutely declined by 23% for heart attacks, 20% for strokes, and 10% for hyperglycemic crises. We fitted modified multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate the associations between four mental health symptoms (nervous, anxious, or on edge; not being able to stop or control worrying; little interest or pleasure in doing things; feeling down, depressed, or hopeless) in the past 7 days and medical care avoidance (delayed medical care; needed non-coronavirus medical care but did not get it) due to the coronavirus pandemic in the past 4 weeks. Individuals who experience all four symptoms of anxiety and depression had higher adjusted relative risk ratios of delayed medical care and not receiving needed non-coronavirus medical care, after adjustment for potential confounders (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259747-sl9q63oc author = Remmelink, Myriam title = Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4541 sentences = 244 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND: Post-mortem studies can provide important information for understanding new diseases and small autopsy case series have already reported different findings in COVID-19 patients. IHC revealed positive cells with a heterogeneous distribution in the lungs of 11 of the 17 (65%) patients; RT-PCR yielded a wide distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues, with 8 patients showing viral presence in all tested organs (i.e., lung, heart, spleen, liver, colon, kidney, and brain). In this post-mortem study, we included the first 17 adult patients (> 18 years) who died in our hospital (either in a COVID-19 unit or an intensive care unit) from March 13, 2020, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., positive RT-PCR assay on nasopharyngeal swab and/or bronchoalveolar lavage specimen). This post-mortem study showed several histopathological abnormalities in COVID-19 non-survivors; however, none of the findings was specific for direct viral injury, even though SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all examined organs using RT-PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259924-a14svuwu author = Kavčič, Tina title = Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3826 sentences = 185 flesch = 42 summary = The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. The present study investigated the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, stress and mental health, during the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent social lockdown, while taking into account individuals' demographic and healthrelated characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260002-hszdk4es author = Wayne, Annie S title = Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 947 sentences = 57 flesch = 54 summary = title: Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys METHODS: Fifty, 24‐h small animal emergency veterinary hospital representatives were recruited to participate in weekly surveys in April 2020 to catalog changes due to COVID‐19 pandemic. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of emergency veterinary hospitals surveyed reported significant changes to day‐to‐day operations as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. SIGNIFICANCE: Reporting of weekly survey results provides useful information on how emergency veterinary hospitals with similar challenges are responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented 24-h emergency small animal veterinary hospitals with unique and unprecedented challenges. The continuation of surveying emergency veterinary hospitals and dissemination of timely information is planned for remainder of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic via weekly surveys cache = ./cache/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259668-nwezszhj author = Ortiz, Alberto title = Complement and protection from tissue injury in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2618 sentences = 129 flesch = 37 summary = Finally, preclinical studies in endotoxaemia, another hyperinflammation syndrome characterized by lung and kidney injury, suggest that cilastatin, an inexpensive drug already in clinical use, may provide tissue protection against hyperinflammation in COVID-19. In any case, this report suggests that assessing complement peptides may eventually contribute to define clusters of COVID-19 patients, as has been done for C3 glomerulopathies/immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis [11, 12] . In non-controlled case series and case reports, relatively positive results have been reported for the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab, for C3 inhibitor AMY-101, for the mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 blocker narsoplimab (OMS721), for aliskiren and for nafamostat mesylate, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anticoagulant agent that has broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitory activity, including for C1 esterase [2, [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] . [3] emphasize, the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in lipid rafts may provide two mechanisms by which cilastatin may protect from severe COVID-19: (i) stabilizing ACE2 at the cell surface lipid rafts and preventing virus/ACE2 internalization and (ii) preventing hyperinflammation-induced tissue injury as observed in rat endotoxemia. cache = ./cache/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259869-kwzsdhrr author = Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam title = Oral saliva and CVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2440 sentences = 134 flesch = 49 summary = Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable. Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable in a dental office. The analysis of saliva in COVID-19 cases can help to explain the pathogenesis because epithelial oral cavity cells demonstrated ample expression of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor that plays a critical role in allowing SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cells [4] . SARS-CoV-2 in the lower and upper respiratory tract reaches the oral cavity along with the liquid droplets; SARS-CoV-2 in the blood may enter the mouth through the gingival crevicular fluid; and major and minor infection of the salivary gland, with the ensuing release of particles into the saliva through salivary ducts [7] . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Characterization of Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients. cache = ./cache/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259814-3x234ck2 author = Giussani, Carlo title = The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19 date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 733 sentences = 44 flesch = 44 summary = key: cord-259814-3x234ck2 However, as neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neurointensivists working in a regional tertiary referral hospital for TBI and ischemic/ hemorrhagic strokes (in this period redefined as a hub center for stroke and COVID-19 and as spoke center for neurosurgery), we would like to highlight the weakness of the presented scenario on the long run. Moreover, hubs should have teaching facilities as university-affiliated hospitals and/or could participate in international trials on trauma and cerebrovascular disease, both pharmacological and government/EU-funded research [1] [2] [3] . As stated by the colleagues, the reorganization of the system forced by a pandemic is sustainable in the short, emergent period because "the public 'lockdown' has tangibly diminished the number of traumatic cases" and we concurrently observed a reduction of all the neurosurgical/neurological emergency admissions. In the post-COVID-19 period, a reduction of the hubs for neurosurgical emergency, probably hypertrophic before the pandemic, is desirable but the correct identification of them, not only based on geographical criteria or political considerations, should be integrated by an evaluation that considers: 1. cache = ./cache/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259871-46al6phc author = Weill, Joakim A. title = Social distancing responses to COVID-19 emergency declarations strongly differentiated by income date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2554 sentences = 130 flesch = 50 summary = In this paper, we use anonymized location pings data from mobile devices covering the entire United States to provide direct evidence of systematic differences in social distancing behavior across income levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address both concerns in a multivariate framework, we use a panel regression analysis with an event study design to estimate how social distancing behaviors are related to state emergency declarations, and how the response varies by income group (Eq. 1) . We find that pretrends are absent from our preferred social distancing measure "completely at home" as well as "device exposure." In contrast, for "median distance traveled," we find that individuals in wealthier counties show substantial behavior change before their state's declaration, while "retail and recreation" shows an early pretrend that is then absent in the 2 wk before the event. Overall, we show that social distancing following states' emergency declarations is substantial and strongly differentiated by county-level income. cache = ./cache/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260033-9cv4eqp8 author = Al Barbarawi, Mohammed M. title = The impact of COVID-19 on the neurosurgery practice in the North of Jordan date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 515 sentences = 34 flesch = 52 summary = Emergency cases must call the civil defense in order to reach our center by dialing 911, this is the only way to access our hospital during the lockdown, because the civil defense are the main responsible for the ambulance team in our country, an estimation for the patient situation is done by civil defense paramedics during ambulation then a reevaluation is done in ER by our on-call team. our hospital criteria for screening is any person had a contact with a COVID-19 patient or with a person who came from other country after lockdown or fever more than 37.7 o or cough. The Neurosurgery department at King Abdullah University Hospital committed to maintain our patient's health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that COVID-19 outbreak will stop soon in our country Jordan and the whole world, in order to reach our patients again. cache = ./cache/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259971-e3h8pr1v author = Nwachukwu, Izu title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3991 sentences = 161 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. In an online survey of Chinese subjects, prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants younger than 35 years than in participants aged 35 years or older [13] with age and amount of time spent focusing on COVID-19 identified as potential risk factors for psychological illness. On the other hand, older people tend to be less socially mobile than younger ones, thus possibly explaining their reported lower scores on rating scales for stress, anxiety, and depression during a pandemic lockdown. The trend for mean scores across the stress, depression, and anxiety scales to decrease in severity from younger to older age has potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260150-ynoevzrg author = Caproni, Stefano title = Letter to the editor: “COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies” date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 876 sentences = 43 flesch = 47 summary = The data we present here suggest that there has not been a reduction in the number of patients presenting with severe neurological emergencies at hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Although there has been an overall reduction in the total number of admissions to the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Umbria region, our data indicate that the percentage of patients requiring an acute neurological consultation remained stable (11.1% vs. These outcomes may be explained by a drop in the number of requests for neurological consultations in general whereas the number of admissions to the neurology ward confirms that serious neurological events requiring hospitalization did not decrease in the period considered, which is in line with the expected number of acute treatments performed for ischemic stroke. We should, therefore, be prepared to deal with the consequences of any COVID-19 outbreak on neurological care that may result from the increased prevalence of patients with this virus according to specific protocols and the best scientific evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259906-9em5tjya author = Park, Ji Young title = First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1966 sentences = 113 flesch = 60 summary = Because the patient closely contacted her uncle and her mother, she was screened for COVID-19, and three screening tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were all negative on day 1 and 4 since her uncle's diagnosis (February 1) and day 2 from the last exposure (February 5) to her mother. As the number of confirmed cases surges in Korea, data on pediatric patients need to be comprehensively analyzed to further describe the clinical findings and to learn the role of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259837-5tbdqzxr author = Kalcioglu, Mahmut Tayyar title = May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 519 sentences = 38 flesch = 59 summary = title: May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? In previous studies, viral infections have been reported to have an important role in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) (Cohen et al., 2014) . Moreover, recently, studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus on central and peripheral nervous systems have been published. Some of these studies have reported Guillain -Barré syndrome (Toscano et al., 2020) and impaired olfactory function (Eliezer et al., 2020) to be related to SARS-CoV-2. Another recently published study reported neurologic changes in 58 of 64 patients with COVID-19 (Helms et al., 2020) . Therefore, we investigated the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f patients. Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19 An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss cache = ./cache/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260257-phmd0u6d author = Siegler, Aaron J title = Willingness to seek laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 with home, drive-through, and clinic-based specimen collection locations date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3710 sentences = 237 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: A cross-sectional, online survey in the United States measured willingness to seek testing if feeling ill under different specimen collection scenarios: home-based saliva, home-based swab, drive-through facility swab, and clinic-based swab. 8, 9 Calls for home-based specimen collection or drive-through specimen collection models to address SARS-CoV-2 virus test scale-up have cogently argued that these approaches have the benefit of (1) avoiding burdening hospitals at a critical time, (2) avoiding potential nosocomial infections (the risk of acquiring disease from clinical or laboratory settings), (3) likely lowering costs, and (4) potentially achieving rapid scale-up due to laboratory centralization. We conducted an online survey to assess patient willingness to use the following SARS-CoV-2 testing modalities for clinical care: home-based specimen collection, drive-through testing, and clinic-based testing. Across a diverse sample of 1,435 participants, one-third more persons reported that they would be willing to collect specimens at home for SARS-CoV-2 testing if they experienced illness, compared to clinic-based testing. cache = ./cache/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260039-k9rs3dql author = Doerre, A. title = Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5858 sentences = 341 flesch = 56 summary = Aim: The aim of our study is to develop an ageand sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates. We develop an SEIRD-model that incorporates age-and sex-specific contacts, which shape transmission rates. The model can be used to develop scenarios which address the effects of age-and gender-specific changes in contacts due to the closing of schools, kindergarten and shops, or work in home office, as well as to explore the effect lifting of these measures. Incorporating age-and sex-specific contact rates in a COVID-19 compartment model permits exploration of the effects of changes in mitigation measures on the two genders. Our projections do not set out to forecast the actual number of COVID-19 infections in a time span of about two months, they rather assess the effect of increased contacts on the infection and mortality risks of the two genders and the various age groups. cache = ./cache/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259984-csdf1a69 author = Raffiq, Azman title = COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16400 sentences = 871 flesch = 47 summary = For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260210-u4uosc5v author = McKenna, Hugh title = Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1997 sentences = 117 flesch = 63 summary = A foundation of nursing practice is the duty of care with the attendant obligations to alleviate suffering, restore health and respect the rights and dignity of every patient. In such a scenario, another ethical principle, distributive justice is often sacrificed, where everyone has an unqualified right to the very best health care. In the current pandemic, teams that include nurses, may be actively involved in using triage principles that will lead to the withholding of potentially lifesaving equipment or facilities from some patients with COVID-19. But no clinician should have to make these decisions alone; rather, it should be a team endeavour, based on the very best ethical and clinical evidence, a view supported by Department of Health guidance ( DoH, 2020 ). Less than six months later, their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and that of nurses worldwide, demonstrates that in the face of more profound ethical dilemmas they continue to put patients first. cache = ./cache/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260218-add4i1c9 author = Bosch‐Amate, X title = Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid‐19 coagulopathy date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 448 sentences = 36 flesch = 43 summary = Recalcati(1) asserted that 20.4% of infected patients developed cutaneous manifestations and Galván‐Casas et al(2) have recently proposed 5 clinical patterns (pseudo‐chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular and livedo/necrosis). 6 Purpura, Raynaud's phenomenon, chilblain-like and erythema multiforme-like lesions in young asymptomatic patients have also been observed with this infection, although the connection with coagulopathy is unknown. 7, 8 Our patient presented with retiform purpura as a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 coagulopathy. 9 Our case highlights the concomitant presentation of cutaneous microthrombi presenting as retiform purpura and macrothrombi presenting as pulmonary thromboembolism in the setting of COVID-19 coagulopathy. From now on, we will have to include COVID-19 infection in the differential diagnosis of retiform purpura. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Changes in Blood Coagulation in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a Meta-Analysis cache = ./cache/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260249-dkslt9ir author = Vallejo, Benjamin M. title = Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6138 sentences = 325 flesch = 52 summary = title: Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 We review the Philippine government's responses and introduce the complicating scientific, social, and political contexts for both questions and address proposals for strengthening the science advisory structures. These efforts while it has resulted in a positive outcome in suppressing COVID 19 infections reveal gaps in the channeling of science advice to government especially in crisis and the need for a more coordinated science policy structure for emergencies. We take off from two initial questions, "When can the ECQ be lifted?" and How can we foresee and be better prepared for the next pandemic?" and to identify policy options with their complicating social and political contexts in light of the epidemiological science outcomes which informs policy decisions. In the COVID 19 crisis the Philippine government and its public has immediately recognized the importance of the role of scientists providing science information in economic and political life. cache = ./cache/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260441-3t7ppofw author = Morvan, J.-B. title = Trachéotomie percutanée pour afflux saturant de patients COVID-19: expérience des ORL militaires déployés à Mulhouse date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3717 sentences = 347 flesch = 62 summary = Résumé Objectifs: L'objectif principal était de montrer la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées réalisées par les ORL militaires lors de leur déploiement en urgence à l'Elément Militaire de Réanimation du Service de Santé des Armées (EMRSSA) à Mulhouse pour faire face à la situation sanitaire exceptionnelle liée au COVID-19. Objectifs L'objectif principal était de montrer la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées réalisées par les ORL militaires lors de leur déploiement en urgence à l'Elément Militaire de Réanimation du Service de Santé des Armées (EMRSSA) à Mulhouse pour faire face à la situation sanitaire exceptionnelle liée au COVID-19. Cette technique est réalisée le plus fréquemment (74% des cas) par un ou plusieurs MAR pour aider au sevrage entre J7 et J15 les patients en réanimation d'une ventilation mécanique prolongée, avec 53,7% des indications d'après l'enquête internationale de Vargas [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260279-igra1q3j author = Slanetz, Priscilla J. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education—Strategies for Survival date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1458 sentences = 95 flesch = 53 summary = Although the priority is on providing timely and high-quality imaging to patients, especially those infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is still a need to maintain our educational mission. Accrediting and certifying bodies, including the ABR, ACGME, FDA, and NRC Q7 , recognize the impact of this pandemic on trainees' education, and specific allowances may be granted for those residents impacted by COVID-19. Faculty can also share interesting cases and provide trainees with a list of teaching cases to review at their convenience. Virtual meetings preserve dedicated teaching conferences for both trainees and medical students, facilitate ongoing workstation feedback to residents, and bring the community together in this era of social distancing. For residency programs and trainees, although there remains some uncertainty around how to best meet expected case logs and rotation requirements, we must all remain adaptable, embrace innovation, and continue to add value to patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260214-2axc1wn3 author = Batista, Berlinda title = Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2580 sentences = 158 flesch = 57 summary = title: Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() Outbreaks in contained environments full of 23 older individuals, such as cruise ships and nursing homes, create a problem 24 of heightened transmission rates and severe cases, and modeling them can 25 show us the best way to mitigate an outbreak in a closed environment. In this paper we show that quarantine on a ship with COVID-19, even 68 with a majority of crew and passengers having immunity, either acquired or 69 through vaccination, will lead to disease spread. While it is true that not all crew members interact with the same freTable 5 in Appendix A has the 176 infection data for the Diamond Princess cruise ship with the results for the 177 passengers and crew members combined [1] for February 5-20, 2020. Estimating the 681 asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases 682 on board the diamond princess cruise ship cache = ./cache/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260456-kjmab3og author = Hegde, Shruti title = Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 127 flesch = 51 summary = title: Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report On bedside TTE, there was evidence of right heart strain and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 45 mmHg. All data was indicative of a massive APE as the etiology for his hemodynamic collapse. Furthermore, timely diagnosis can be made to aid in appropriate management with the help of bedside TTE and ECG in cases where CTPA is not feasible secondary to the patient's hemodynamic instability. (1) Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia are hypercoagulable and are at risk for acute pulmonary embolism (APE). (2) Massive acute pulmonary embolism should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for sudden and rapid hemodynamic decline in patients with COVID-19. (3) Critical care bedside echocardiography along with other clinical indicators helps in timely diagnosis and thus treatment of APE in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which is lifesaving. cache = ./cache/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260274-c3586tp6 author = Somers, Emily C title = Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3645 sentences = 218 flesch = 37 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence. At our institution, IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab is considered for patients with severe COVID-19 and suspected hyperinflammation based on rapidly worsening respiratory status and elevated inflammatory markers, with the majority of usage occurring in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Using our COVID-19 Rapid Response Registry infrastructure, we performed an observational study of outcomes in patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation, comparing those treated with tocilizumab with those who were not. In this observational, controlled study of patients with severe COVID-19 necessitating mechanical ventilation, receipt of tocilizumab was independently associated with improved survival. To date, the risk of superinfection in mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 remains poorly described and the incremental risk associated with a single dose of tocilizumab is not well characterized. cache = ./cache/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260180-kojb8efv author = Elsoukkary, Sarah S. title = Autopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4600 sentences = 269 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: We report the clinicopathologic findings from 32 autopsy studies conducted on patients who died of COVID-19 including routine gross and microscopic examination with applicable special and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and pathologic findings in major organ systems of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we described the unique and multisystem clinical and pathologic findings in 32 autopsies of patients who died from the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. On histologic examination, we observed findings secondary to the patients' preexisting conditions in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, as well as changes secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as various stages of DAD and multiple thromboemboli in large and small vessels in multiple organs. While the lung findings are most significant for the majority of those infected, other organ systems are frequently involved including with widespread microscopic thromboses in numerous organs, as well as liver, kidney, and lymph node pathology. cache = ./cache/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260162-5037khjy author = Gupta, Nivedita title = Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020 date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1285 sentences = 89 flesch = 59 summary = BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. In India, the initial COVID-19 testing strategy included people who had international travel history with symptoms, symptomatic contacts of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and symptomatic healthcare workers managing respiratory distress/severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) 6 . In addition, to track the progression of the epidemic in the early phase, stored samples of SARI patients hospitalized since February 15, 2020 were also tested for COVID-19 under the Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network (VRDLN). About a third of COVID-19 positive SARI cases did not have any history of contact with laboratory-confirmed case or international travel, and such cases were reported from 36 Indian districts in 15 States. cache = ./cache/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260264-8fzlllde author = Kahan, Barry D. title = COVID-19 Minisymposium: Toward a Strategic Roadmap date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 87 flesch = 37 summary = The pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 ), an RNA virus, poses major challenges to the transplant enterprise from donation to operation and perioperative care to long-term follow-up, including treatment of afflicted cases. Clearly, at the present state of knowledge, the use of COVID-19-positive donors must require negative results of tissue biopsies that have been subjected to real-time polymerase chain reactions for nucleic acid detection and/or immunochemistry or electron microscopic evaluations for virions, because the disease process may produce secondary effects, such as hepatocellular or renal injury, in noninfected, potentially transplantable organs. Individual centers report their series Q3 of kidney (Lum et al [14] ; Kocak et al [15] ; Hasanoglu et al [16] ; Aziz et al [17] [14] , including 41 afflicted renal transplant recipients who most often presented with fever, dyspnea, and cough, revealed hospitalization to be necessary in 63.4% of subjects, with a 9.8% mortality rate and a 26.9% incidence of acute kidney injury. cache = ./cache/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260248-yp8x5zwi author = Ngonghala, Calistus N title = Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11136 sentences = 526 flesch = 53 summary = The model, parameterized using available COVID-19 mortality data (more reliable than case data, provides a realistic real-time assessment and estimate of the burden of the pandemic in the US state of New York, in addition to assessing some of the main intervention strategies being implemented in the state (in particular, quarantine, isolation, contact-tracing, social-distancing and the use of face-masks in public). The model, which incorporates the main non-pharmaceutical interventions being implemented to curtail COVID-19 transmission in a community (such as social-distancing, quarantine of suspected cases, isolation of confirmed cases, contact-tracing, testing and use of face-masks in public), is formulated based on stratifying the total human population at time t, denoted by N (t), into the mutually-exclusive compartments of non-quarantined susceptible (S u (t)), quarantined susceptible (S q (t)), non-quarantined exposed (i.e., newly-infected individuals who do not yet show symptoms of the disease and cannot transmit infection, E u (t)), quarantined exposed (E q (t)), symptomatically-infectious (I u (t)), asymptomatically-infectious (I a (t)), hospitalized/isolated (I h (t)), intensive care patients (I icu (t)) and recovered (R(t)), so that cache = ./cache/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260525-bohv78hi author = Mei, Yang title = Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4168 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin. Overall, our study reveals significant differences in the laboratory parameters between the hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza patients. Compared to influenza patients, the most significant differences over the course of 14 days of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients were worsening anemia, worsening leukocytosis, and an increase in D-dimer, BUN, and ALT. Instead of comparing clinical endpoints to evaluate risks as performed in most of the published studies, we stratified the hospitalized COVID-19 patients through clustering of their laboratory results that were most significantly different from influenza patients (i.e. complete blood count, D-dimer, BUN, and ALT) during the first 14 days of hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260232-98gtlad6 author = Chenna, Avantika title = Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 247 flesch = 50 summary = title: Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade We present the case series of four patients (2 men and 2 women; 1 Caucasian and 3 African Americans; two survived and two died) with confirmed COVID-19, presenting with respiratory symptoms and acute kidney injury, who have been on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. We also discussed the role of ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in patients with COVID-19 infection along with pathogenesis. We presented the case series of four patients who were on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with COVID-19 infection and acute renal failure. hypothesized that the use of ACE2 modulation medications in hypertensive and diabetic patients increased the risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260349-dm39opvg author = Frank, P. title = Trajectories of depressive symptoms among vulnerable groups in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4292 sentences = 236 flesch = 48 summary = Health-related and psychosocial vulnerabilities included pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, experience of psychological and/or physical abuse, and low social support. Conclusions: People with psychosocial and health-related risk factors, as well as those with low SEP seem to be most vulnerable to experiencing moderate or severe depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of both moderate and severe depressive symptoms was considerably higher among people experiencing abuse, low social support, in individuals with low SEP, and in those with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions. Notably, non-white ethnicity was related to higher depressive symptoms, but these results were explained by other sociodemographic characteristics, abuse and social support, as well as pre-existing physical or mental illnesses. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that certain vulnerable groups are at particular risk of experiencing elevated depressive symptoms during the current COVID-19 pandemic, including people with pre-existing mental and . cache = ./cache/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 author = Tran, Tu Anh title = CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 338 sentences = 28 flesch = 65 summary = key: cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 title: CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() Here, we report the clinical case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with flu-like symptoms, cough, anosmia, ageusia, breathing difficulties, patchy ground glass opacities on TDM chest scan who turned out to be Coronavirus 229E-infected. This case must draw attention on the risk of false COVID-19 diagnosis when relying overly on CT scan imaging. RT-PCR assays of nasopharyngeal samples at admittance and 24 hours later, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In this case report, parents' anosmia and ageusia as well as chest scanner could have been misleading. According to Kim et al., scanner screening of patients with suspected COVID-19 in low-prevalence countries has a poor positive prediction value (1%-31%) 2 . The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. cache = ./cache/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260322-b2493coe author = Mehring, William M. title = Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 688 sentences = 38 flesch = 52 summary = title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, patients experiencing symptoms potentially attributable to the disease require timely assessment. Automated assessment tools-such as digital self-assessment applications-offer a potential strategy for providing guidance to patients without requiring direct attention from healthcare professionals. [2] [3] [4] Our team recently developed a web-based COVID-19 selfassessment tool, available in English and Spanish, offering guidance for patients experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 276,560 assessments were completed, and users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19 69.6% of the time. Of those with mild symptoms, 7.1% reported direct exposure to someone with confirmed COVID-19; for these users, our tool recommends consideration of telephone consultation with a healthcare professional to determine the need for testing. In our analysis of almost 300,000 digital self-assessments from our COVID-19 self-assessment tool, 69.6% of users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260585-ovmko655 author = Sherman, Allen C. title = Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4926 sentences = 205 flesch = 42 summary = In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. We anticipated that heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress would be associated with specific situational factors, including perceived viral exposure or infection, food and financial insecurity, reduced access to routine medical care, greater disruption in daily life, more stringent social distancing, and diminished daily structure. Preliminary bivariate analyses evaluated associations of elevated scores on the primary outcomes (i.e., scores above thresholds for depression, anxiety, and trauma) with demographic variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, comorbidities) and situational risk factors (e.g., perceived exposure and infection, COVID-19 symptoms, food and financial insecurity, access to routine medical care, pandemic-related employment changes, illness or loss of loved ones, reduced daily structure, social activity, and disruption in daily activities,), using t-tests, or chi-square or Fisher Exact tests, as appropriate. cache = ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260179-g9umdcn2 author = He, Zonglin title = Meteorological factors and domestic new cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in nine Asian cities: A time-series analysis date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4638 sentences = 211 flesch = 43 summary = METHOD Pearson correlation and generalized additive modeling were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available. In most of the cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur), generalized additive modeling analysis showed the number of daily new confirmed cases was positively associated with both average temperature and relative humidity, especially in lagged 3d model, where a positive influence of temperature on the daily new confirmed cases was discerned in 5 cities except in Beijing, Wuhan, Korea, and Malaysia. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with a Poisson family and logarithm link function were used to estimate the associations of daily COVID-19 new cases with average temperature and relative humidity. The correlation between average temperature and relative humidity was found positive in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan, and negative in Beijing, Wuhan, Singapore, and Malaysia according to the pairwise Pearson correlation test ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260365-neili1bd author = Silverstein, Jenna S. title = Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2205 sentences = 134 flesch = 50 summary = Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. 8 We report here two pregnant women with no medical comorbidities, one under 18 years of age, diagnosed with COVID-19 at 34 and 36 weeks of gestation, respectively, who rapidly decompensated and underwent caesarean delivery under general anesthesia followed by prolonged mechanical ventilation. The risks and benefits of delivery in pregnant patients with critical respiratory illness from COVID-19 infections are not yet known, but prior experience with maternal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and viral 2009/H1N1 influenza requiring mechanical ventilation in pregnancy reveals increased risk of fetal HR abnormalities, as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260374-06j1jlc6 author = Gao, Feng title = COVID‐19 and liver transplantation: Lessons learned from three reported cases date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 594 sentences = 50 flesch = 46 summary = During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus.1 However, there is limited information on the impact of COVID-19 in liver transplant (LT) recipients. To the Editor, During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus. We reviewed three reported cases with detailed treatment information from China to better understand the features and associated therapeutic strategies used in transplant recipients with COVID-19. [2] [3] [4] As summarized in Table 1 , three patients all received immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation and were initially diagnosed as having mild disease and then progressed to severe illness. Zheng Ming-Hua. Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19 Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a liver transplant recipient cache = ./cache/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260642-qzc3etlx author = Liao, Zhongxing title = Optimizing lung cancer radiation treatment worldwide in COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3700 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927) Long-term Follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer SOCCAR: A randomised phase II trial comparing sequential versus concurrent chemotherapy and radical hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with inoperable stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and good performance status Impact of thoracic radiotherapy timing in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: usefulness of the individual patient data meta-analysis Phase 2 study of accelerated hypofractionated thoracic radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer Phase III trial of concurrent thoracic radiotherapy with either first-or third-cycle chemotherapy for limited-disease small-cell lung cancer cache = ./cache/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author = Seelig, Frederik title = The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1130 sentences = 60 flesch = 44 summary = However, a similar approach should also be adopted for the control of arboviral diseases of global importance, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, as recommended by the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) in their interim guidance on control of Aedes aegypti mosquitos during the COVID-19 pandemic [2] . The combined impact of both COVID-19 and epidemics of dengue or other vector-borne diseases (VBDs) could have potentially devastating consequences [6] . • Continue the implementation of the WHO's global vector control response 2017-2030 (GVCR) strategy and regional policies for vector control [7, 8] , with respect to inter-and intrasectoral collaboration, engagement and mobilisation of communities, and scaling up of vector control if required, according to the implementation plan of vector control activities, while adapting activities as necessary to prevent further spread of COVID-19, in particular vector surveillance, which may need to be scaled down [9, 10] . It is vital that the COVID-19 response does not increase VBD threats in these communities by derailing global vector control efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260586-ry0roidc author = Felsenstein, Daniel title = Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades - Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3428 sentences = 180 flesch = 45 summary = authors: Felsenstein, Daniel; Shmueli, Deborah F.; Thomas, Deborah S.K. title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World The cascading nature of disasters poses significant challenges to risk management emerging from the interconnectivity of natural, economic, and social systems that amplifies effects. For example, if an earthquake causes flooding, it is generally accepted that the cascading effect of these two disasters is a non-linear and exponential outcome far removed from the magnitude of the original shock (Pescaroli and Alexander 2015) . They assess multiple incidents occurring across different scales, jurisdictions, and critical infrastructures, and address the lack of systematic collection of evidence essential for understanding how various risk factors, including hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities differentially contribute to diverse disaster events. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis has not seen critical infrastructure collapse in those networks generally at risk in the case of natural hazard cascades such as airports, highways, dams and water defenses. cache = ./cache/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260629-ml1qjipn author = Kopelovich, Sarah L. title = Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7371 sentences = 299 flesch = 37 summary = These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. Outreach teams should meet outside the residence in well-ventilated areas, to visually assess how the person is doing, present as a familiar and comforting supportive social visit, model and reinforce behaviors, deliver medications, and provide an in-person demonstration of how to use smartphones or other devices to engage in e-mental health. Several targets for assessment and treatment should be prioritized for both new and existing clients, including safety assessment and management, psychological and pharmacotherapeutic strategies to manage psychiatric symptoms and co-occurring substance use disorders, assessment and management of physical health, and augmenting care by enlisting natural supports and employing asynchronous digital health interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260852-u0gpklj7 author = Osman, Mohammed title = Impaired natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity in patients with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2270 sentences = 139 flesch = 42 summary = We recently postulated that the inflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19 disease is not inhibited by natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in a "cytokine storm." Here, we assessed the NK-cell functional activity and the associated cytokines and soluble mediators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 6, 7 Rapid activation of the innate immune system accompanied by an aggressive inflammatory response, associated with a surge in many proinflammatory cytokines, has been reported, especially in patients developing severe manifestations of COVID-19. 5, 8 This "hypercytokinemia" or "cytokine storm" is thought to be driving the COVID-19-related ARDS, 5, 8 and associated hyperferritinemia is reminiscent of macrophage-activation syndrome (MAS) or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH; sHLH). 5, 32 Here, we describe impaired NK-cell cytolytic activity associated with a loss of cytokines important in NK-cell stimulation in severe COVID-19 patients. 33 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that reduced NK-cell counts and impaired cytolytic activity are important characteristics associated with severe COVID-19-related hyperinflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260559-n8i52e8q author = Peiris, Malik title = What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1355 sentences = 87 flesch = 41 summary = A popular assumption is that these vaccines will provide population immunity that can reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lead to a resumption of pre-COVID-19 "normalcy". The immunological correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 have yet to be elucidated. Pre-existing neutralising antibody seemed to have afforded protection against re-infection in people on board a fishing vessel where there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with a high infection attack rate. 20 Alongside the risks of severe morbidity and mortality and of disease transmission, this framework stipulates two additional criteria for equitable vaccine allocation-namely, risks of acquiring infection and of negative societal impact. If COVID-19 vaccines have acceptable effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups, they would have an important role, irrespective of impact on transmission and population immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260697-oepk0b1d author = Huang, J. title = COVID-19 Recurrent Varies with Different Combinatorial Medical Treatments Determined by Machine Learning Approaches date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5734 sentences = 353 flesch = 50 summary = We applied the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to overcome the rare recurring events in certain age groups and performed Virtual Twins (VT) analysis facilitated by random forest regression for medical treatment-recurrence classification. Here, we report the clinical, radiological, laboratory, and drug treatment findings of 93 recurring patients from 414 patients in Shenzhen, along with our machine learning approaches for identifying the best drug combinations that reduce recurring rates in all population, different age groups and obese patients. The interaction among age, hospitalization delay and drug treatment on SARS-CoV-2 recurring rate is shown in Figure 3 . Interestingly, we found out that the combination of anti-influenza virus drug, oseltamivir, with Interferon/Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Arbidol, has very good outcome (recurring rate of 0.172), supporting the hypothesis of co-infection of influenzas and SARS-CoV-2. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.20164699 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplement Table Table S1 : Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes of Covid-19 patients with and without recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260826-1n96pz86 author = Shet, Anita title = Differential COVID-19-attributable mortality and BCG vaccine use in countries date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2566 sentences = 141 flesch = 38 summary = Using publicly available data we built a simple log-linear regression model to assess the association of BCG use and COVID-19-attributable mortality per 1 million population after adjusting for confounders including country economic status (GDP per capita), and proportion of elderly among the population. Notwithstanding limitations due to testing constraints in LMICs, case ascertainment bias and a plausible rise of cases as countries progress along the epidemiological trajectory, these analyses provide intriguing observations that urgently warrant mobilization of resources for prospective randomized interventional studies and institution of systematic disease surveillance, particularly in LMICs. Novel SARS-CoV2 continues to wreak global havoc. To evaluate the effect of BCG vaccine on mortality attributable to COVID-19, we built a simple log-linear regression model using crude COVID-19-attributable mortality data per 1 million population for each country as outcome, BCG vaccine inclusion in the national immunization schedule as exposure, and adjusted for the effects of the following variables on mortality: country-specific GDP per capita, the percentage of population 65 years and above, and the relative position of each country on the epidemic timeline (days since 100 th case reported as of 29 March 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260854-v7wgb6mr author = Colafrancesco, Serena title = COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3340 sentences = 160 flesch = 37 summary = The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term "hyperferritinemic syndrome" and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" which would allow considering this entity as the fifth member of the spectrum of inflammatory conditions. The umbrella term "hyperferritinemic syndrome" encompasses four clinical conditions, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS), and septic shock, all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life -threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi -organ failure [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260674-a0ejus6m author = Chopra, Sakshi title = Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours- a cross-sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and ninety-five participants from India date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4290 sentences = 196 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behaviour, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the general population to assess the impact of COVID-19 on daily lifestyle-related practices such as dietary, activity and sleep pattern using a validated questionnaire. The electronic survey questionnaire was designed to assess changes in multiple lifestyle-related behaviors such as eating, physical activity, sleep and other health related behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Part A (A1 to A24) assesses the baseline lifestylerelated behaviours and Part B (B1 to B24) evaluates changes in different lifestyle related behaviors such as eating habits, physical activity and sleep pattern during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260871-dtn5t8ka author = Silva, Marcus Tulius T. title = SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned about the Nervous System? date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4110 sentences = 263 flesch = 43 summary = Besides, several neurological manifestations had been described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases (SARS ad Middle East respiratory syndrome). Several neurological manifestations were described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases, namely, SARS and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Stroke is one of the most frequent neurological diseases associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8 and large-vessel stroke in younger patients was recently reported in five patients. Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the central nervous system cache = ./cache/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260921-9xgrthg7 author = Ahuja, Abhimanyu S. title = Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Approach date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1905 sentences = 108 flesch = 53 summary = There is now a growing amount of coronavirus related datasets as well as published papers that must be leveraged along with artificial intelligence (AI) to fight this pandemic by driving news approaches to drug discovery, vaccine development, and public awareness. We believe that AI can be harnessed to combat this deadly pandemic and spur innovation in four key areas: drug discovery, vaccine development, public communications, and integrative medicine. With the spread of showing no signs of slowing and its relatively high mortality rate when compared to other viral bases illnesses such as influenza, it is essential to develop vaccines and antiviral medications against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, AI can aid in both screening currently available drugs and accelerating the process of antiviral development to help treat COVID-19. As more is learned about pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, an AI based approach may provide great benefit in screening possible integrative medicine techniques for the risk reduction of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260993-udajtsmm author = Youssef, Mohanad title = COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2056 sentences = 148 flesch = 49 summary = Meta-regression analysis was employed using OpenMeta Analyst software, taking into consideration the following study characteristics; sample size, mean age of patients, percentage of males, city of the hospital, publication date, and quality score. We applied TSA on mortality rate available among all eligible articles of COVID-19 patients with a mild and severe exhibition and indicated that the cumulative Z-curve transverses the monitoring boundaries before reaching the required sample size and achieving considerable significant and so no further studies are necessary (Figure 2 ). Our meta-analysis including 3428 subjects from 20 retrospective studies explored the potential relationship between liver injury and the severity of COVID-19 disease. 32 A recent study reported that the liver injury observed in COVID-19 patients might be caused by lopinavir, which is used as an antiviral for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively analyzed liver dysfunction in accordance with the severity of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260923-hwvtxy9g author = Jain, Amit title = Dexmedetomidine: another arrow in the quiver to fight COVID-19 disease in intensive care units date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 619 sentences = 45 flesch = 30 summary = While dexmedetomidine-mediated improvements in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and ventilation-perfusion ratios were proposed explanations for improved oxygenation following dexmedetomidine administration in COVID-19 patients, 12 dexmedetomidine's anti-inflammatory properties may also be instrumental in reducing disease severity. 7 There are several putative mechanisms by which dexmedetomidine might be advantageous in COVID-19 patients Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced changes in monocyte metabolism by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been identified to inhibit T-cell response directly and reduce epithelial cell survival. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial Effect of dexmedetomidine on mortality and ventilator-free days in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with sepsis: a randomized clinical trial Dexmedetomidine improved renal function in patients with severe sepsis: an exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260702-1ljyk8uw author = El Hamichi, Sophia title = Pandemics, climate change, and the eye date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2587 sentences = 143 flesch = 48 summary = Global climate change is primarily a sequel of human's impact on the planet. To address climate change, the United Nations (UN) established the Paris Agreement, setting a target, limiting average warming to 2°C, urging the world to urgently reduce emissions. Similarly, the United States Energy Information Administration has reported Fig. 1 Graphic depicting the cycle between climate change and zoonoses a predicted 11.5% reduction in emissions during 2020, as a ramification of the pandemic [13] . Benefit: reduction of air pollutants through medical planning The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) had provided recommendations and guidelines for ophthalmologists around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although greenhouse emissions may drop after the COVID-19 pandemic, their effect on air temperatures would take 40 years to centuries to perceive changes considering how long the gases persist in the air. Impact of climate change on air and waterborne disease cache = ./cache/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260866-bzdd4f5h author = Barceló, Damià title = Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Monitor COVID-19 Outbreak: Present and Future Diagnostic Methods to be in Your Radar date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4676 sentences = 249 flesch = 50 summary = Paper-based devices would be certainly one of the best measurement solutions for the rapid and onsite detection of COVID-19 in sewage waters and humans as well [2, 16] and also the use of other biomarkers of exposure [1] . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage has been employed as a complementary method to clinical test .It is an early warning indicator of virus spreading in communities, covering both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Hopefully at certain moment applications to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in wastewater will be developed based on these LOC/POCT systems that will enable simple, fast and sensitive virus detection. PCR platforms like RT-qPCR are still the most widely used methods for SARS-Cov-2 detection in waste waters. Sewage sensors, such as paper-based and smartphones for SARS-CoV2 detection at the population level have as well a clear potential for early warning of COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260723-y4ow6n8r author = Dorey-Stein, Zachariah L. title = Case Series: Failure of imaging & biochemical markers to capture disease progression in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1595 sentences = 90 flesch = 44 summary = We report four individuals admitted for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who demonstrated significant clinical improvement prior to discharge and subsequently were readmitted with worsening respiratory failure, elevated inflammatory markers and worsening chest imaging. In this case series we report four individuals admitted for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who demonstrated significant clinical improvement prior to discharge and subsequently were readmitted with worsening respiratory failure and significant new findings on admission computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Due to an increasing oxygen requirement, rising inflammatory markers, and a worsening left upper lobe opacity she was treated with methylprednisolone 500 mg daily and hydroxychloroquine for presumed cytokine storm. His oxygen requirement was weaned to 3 liters and inflammatory markers trended down, and he was discharged on the sixth day of his admission back to a skilled nursing facility to complete a 6-day course of prednisone 40 mg daily. cache = ./cache/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260995-ji8aifck author = Mohindra, Pranshu title = Proposed brachytherapy recommendations (practical implementation, indications, and dose fractionation) during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2017 sentences = 107 flesch = 22 summary = Long-term results of high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the primary treatment of medically inoperable stage I-II endometrial carcinoma Vaginal brachytherapy versus pelvic external beam radiotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer of high-intermediate risk (PORTEC-2): An open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial Long-term toxicity and health-related quality of life after single-fraction high dose rate brachytherapy boost and hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer A Phase II study of salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiotherapy Multi-Institutional phase II study of high-dose hypofractionated proton beam therapy in patients with localized, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Short-term outcome after neoadjuvant high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy or shortcourse external beam radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer High dose rate endorectal brachytherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for patients with resectable rectal cancer Endorectal brachytherapy boost after external beam radiation therapy in elderly or medically inoperable patients with rectal cancer: Primary outcomes of the phase 1 HERBERT study cache = ./cache/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260762-1kuj5dzz author = Elledge, Christen R. title = Radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: International expert consensus recommendations date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3969 sentences = 235 flesch = 41 summary = For each stage and clinical scenario in cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal and ovarian cancer, specific recommendations regarding dose, technique, and timing were provided by the panel. RESULTS: Expert review and discussion generated consensus recommendations to guide radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific recommendations have been provided for common clinical scenarios encountered in gynecologic radiation oncology with a focus on strategies to reduce patient and staff exposure to COVID-19. An international panel of experts of gynecologic radiation oncology convened to review relevant literature and discuss recommendations regarding the timing and delivery of RT for patients with gynecologic malignancies. An international expert consensus panel comprised of ten experts in gynecologic radiation oncology have reviewed the relevant literature and developed clinical practice recommendations to assist radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A phase II trial of radiation therapy and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A gynecologic oncology group study cache = ./cache/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261006-2xh3f07i author = Dong, Zhiyong title = Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1365 sentences = 85 flesch = 48 summary = title: Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China For the prehospital evaluation, we recommend (1) that consultation be conducted virtually by means of WeChat, email, or telephone, to investigate whether patients may have COVID-19 by asking about symptoms or any history of recent travel to epidemic areas. For the preoperative evaluation, we recommend (1) reevaluation of epidemiological information to exclude COVID-19-infected if necessary; (2) re-evaluate whether there is any history of fever or respiratory symptoms; confirm the results of lung CT, nucleic acid test, routine blood examinations, and other relevant tests. Repeat the PCR if necessary in case of a false positive; (3) complete a preoperative examination of cardiopulmonary function; use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to improve lung ventilation and systemic hypoxia in cases of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS); for cardiopulmonary insufficiency or severe complications, there should be an online consultation of the departments of anesthesia, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and other relevant departments to plan the surgical timing and provide individualized diagnosis and treatment [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261070-cvj1t0gi author = Zhang, Xue title = ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2982 sentences = 166 flesch = 49 summary = title: ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis To provide a quantitative estimate of the association of ACEI/ARB use with critical or mortal risk in COVID-19 patients, the ORs (most adjusted, if available) and the corresponding 95% CIs were abstracted from published articles. In subgroup analyses by type of data, no significant higher risk of mortality was When our analysis limited to the studies only included patient with antihypertensive indication, a significant lower risk of mortality was observed among those with ACEI/ARB use (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.38-1.02, P=0.059; Figure 3 ). After excluded studies enrolled patients with hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment, the meta-analysis of four studies also found that ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared those with non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.81, P=0.006; I 2 =0%). Further analysis limited to studies only included patients with drug indication found a lower risk of mortality among those with ACEI/ARB use. cache = ./cache/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260807-uyb45nye author = McCullough, Laurence B. title = Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2772 sentences = 157 flesch = 39 summary = The ethical principle of beneficence creates the ethical obligation of the physician to identify and provide medically reasonable clinical management for the patient's condition (e.g., pregnancy) or diagnosis (e.g., COVID-19 infection). However, this ethical obligation is a Abstract In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges has called for a temporary suspension of clinical teaching activities for medical students. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners' participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners' participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. cache = ./cache/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260874-g3k562od author = Pontieri-Lewis, Vicky title = Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2028 sentences = 103 flesch = 56 summary = Among the most apparent changes in my practice include the need to educate staff on skin care in patients who require prolonged placement in a prone position and teaching providers to use telehealth for routine WOC care consultations. Nevertheless, I was heartened to realize that my WOC nursing education and experience, along with the education tools, best practice documents, the Journal (JWOCN), and algorithms that the WOCN Society has developed over the years prepared me for even the unprecedented challenges posed by COVID-19. With the assistance of our ICU leadership, beds were deployed to the appropriate ICUs. We already had a protocol for patients requiring prolonged placement in a prone position, but this practice was seldom employed in some of our ICUs and I realized that education was urgently needed on how to operate the pulmonary beds and prevent pressure injury or other forms of skin damage in these high-risk patients. cache = ./cache/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261057-pq0gkwiu author = García-Reyna, Benjamín title = Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Hospital Staff in Regional Hospitals in Mexico: a Brief Report date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3866 sentences = 197 flesch = 53 summary = In the current study, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to assess the response to fear within health staff in Mexico. developed a scale to evaluate fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the psychological mental state of the Iranian general population. The scale has high internal consistency and validity, supported by several other scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale), in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population. Many external situations have increased the existing stress levels in an already altered mental health situation for hospital personnel; HCW not only had to face fear of contagion or infecting their families and loved ones, but also confrontations with the general population. The FCV-19S is a scale that shows validity and reliability in assessing fear of COVID-19 in our population. cache = ./cache/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260857-oxxle915 author = Samuel, Sharmeen title = INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYMPTOMATIC PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PCR POSITIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION INCLUDING DRUG INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CORRECTED QT INTERVAL (QTc). date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4183 sentences = 217 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: There is limited data regarding the electrophysiological abnormalities and arrhythmias in children with COVID-19, including those associated with treatment using potentially pro-arrhythmic Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZN). Additionally, some of the medications that have been used for treatment of COVID-19 infection, such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZN), are known to cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, therefore potentially predisposing patients to malignant ventricular arrhythmia.s 6, 7 However, there is little current data on the electrophysiologic consequences of these drugs in the setting of active COVID-19 in pediatric patients. As per hospital protocol, COVID-19 specific medications including HCQ with or without AZN were initiated at the discretion of the Infectious Disease team for patients needing supplemental oxygen for hypoxia in the setting of positive SARS-CoV-2, if the baseline QTc was less than 480 milliseconds (msec) measured on lead II via 15 lead ECG or telemetry. cache = ./cache/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260730-w9yv4jd7 author = Neff, Shawn M. title = Guidance concerning chiropractic practice in response to COVID-19 in the U.S.: a summary of state regulators’ web-based information date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3999 sentences = 206 flesch = 43 summary = Data were collected regarding the official guidance provided by each state's chiropractic licensing board as well as the issuance of stay-at-home orders and designations of essential personnel by state governors. The seven domains involve: 1.) shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders/directives, 2.) classification of chiropractors as essential healthcare providers, 3.) restriction of chiropractic practice to urgent/ emergent presentations, 4.) recommendations for infectious disease control or use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 5.) chiropractic telehealth recommendations, 6.) alterations to continuing education (CE) or license renewal requirements (e.g. deadline extensions or changes to distance learning limitations), and 7.) warnings against false, deceptive, or misleading claims related to spinal manipulation/adjustments conferring protection against infection or COVID-19. Fourteen state chiropractic licensing boards (28%) provided guidance to restrict face-to-face chiropractic appointments to only those patients deemed to have urgent, acute, or emergency conditions; the remaining 36 states (72%) provided no guidance on whether chiropractors should continue with business as usual or restrict their practices (see Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261141-w4bqp9xr author = Li, Jinpeng title = Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2075 sentences = 139 flesch = 54 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate clinical symptom and epidemiological features of ESP-infected COVID-19 SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Almost one million of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients were diagnosed in the world wide from December 2019 to now. CONCLUSION: In our study, the clinical symptoms of ESP-infected COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reported common COVID-19 pneumonia cases. Although these reports investigated the risk for the healthcare workers and also made the stringent relative procedure, no one focused on the risk of emergency surgery patients (ESP) with COVID-19 pneumonia. In summary, ESP-infected COVID-19 pneumonia has a great threat for health care workers. In our study, the clinical symptoms of ESP-infected COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reported common COVID-19 pneumonia cases and the health care workers were confirmed to expose great risk in ESP with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261105-hydccq8m author = Wang, Chongying title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4754 sentences = 217 flesch = 58 summary = Some studies conducted during SARS and H1NI in China have indicated obvious anxiety and stress of university students and suggested coping strategies (Jia et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2004; Li et al., 2011) . One sample t-test showed that significant difference (p ≤ .001) was found between the mean SAS scores during SARS and COVID-19 in this study (mean = 58.75, SD = 8.9). The results indicated that SAS scores has no significant correlation with the confirmed affected cases of COVID-19 in each city outside Hubei province all over China. A Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was also conducted between the SAS Scores of 93 students from different cities in Hubei province and the confirmed affected cases in these places. A study on the public psychological states of 600 people during COVID-19 outbreak showed that their SAS score was 36.92 (SD = 7.33) and 6.33% had anxiety (Wang C. cache = ./cache/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261029-befymalm author = Sultan, Keith title = Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3257 sentences = 153 flesch = 48 summary = Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The authors also reported that there had been no cases of IBD/SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the three largest tertiary IBD centers in Wuhan (Tongji Hospital, Union Hospital, and Zhongnan Hospital) at the time their manuscript was prepared, March 8, 2020. Rodriguez-Lago et al [29] reported on 40 cases of IBD (21 hospitalized) with confirmed positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 from 5 sites in the Basque Country (Spain), median age 59 years, 60% male, 32% Crohn's disease (CD), with 28% on immune therapy, 18% biologic, and 10% systemic corticosteroids. To date, the largest national case reporting has come from a combined 24 IBD referral centers in Italy, affiliated with the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) [32] . cache = ./cache/cord-261029-befymalm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261029-befymalm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261311-j6bmgmhz author = Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora title = Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4307 sentences = 206 flesch = 37 summary = COVID-19 patients may present high risk in the use of medications and clinical pharmacists can contribute substantially as part of a multidisciplinary team to improve outcomes in drug therapy in severe and critical illness. The course of an intense inflammatory process leads to alterations in many Review of patients' medical history Provision of real-time assessment and evidence-based (when possible) advice on drug therapy Support on safe use of medications brought from home Medication reconciliation at different levels of transition of care Simplification of drug administration schedule to reduce the exposure of nurses to COVID-19 patients Monitoring of potential drug-drug, drug-food interactions and adverse drug reactions Adjustments in dosing regimens according to liver and kidney functions Prevention of medication errors Optimization of drug therapy and electrolytes to minimize the risk of prolonged corrected QT intervals and torsade de pointes Support on lung-protective ventilation and neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate ventilator synchrony Provision of conservative fluid strategies and monitoring of vasopressors use Monitoring of empirical antibiotics for suspected bacterial co-infection with rigorous de-escalation Employment of FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic to identify drug-related problems in intensive care units Support on drug information to patients and multidisciplinary teams, following biosafety protocols Considerations on special situations (pediatrics, older adults, people with chronic diseases, allergies) Research and continuing education Precise documentation of pharmaceutical interventions laboratory tests in patients with acute or severe/critical illness. cache = ./cache/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261192-yzw2bm13 author = Sun, Jia-Kui title = Acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3738 sentences = 205 flesch = 56 summary = In this study, we investigated the prevalence and outcomes of AGI in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Guanggu District of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. We found that patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, higher 28-d mortality after admission and 60-d mortality after disease onset. Few studies on acute gastrointestinal injury have been reported in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This was the first study to investigate acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261075-wqtxhiy8 author = Zhang, Meng title = The nervous system——a new territory being explored of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3716 sentences = 216 flesch = 41 summary = However, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can result in a broad spectrum of neurologic diseases (6) (7) (8) (9) , which is not surprising, as neurological manifestations have been reported in other respiratory viral infections, including coronavirus, but the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 are more common and disabling, raising the worldwide concerns about its potential long-term complications to humans (10, 11) . In particular, we focused on its neurological manifestations and specific pathogenesis, as well as its comparison with other viral respiratory infections.Finally, we further summarized the significance of the neuroinvasion and the follow-up issues that need to be paid attention to by scientists, so as to help neurologists understand the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on nervous system better and promote the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261222-762nqkbg author = Sachdeva, Sonali title = Admission Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetics Predicts Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19: a Pooled Analysis and Meta-summary of Literature date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2846 sentences = 151 flesch = 48 summary = Our results showed that hyperglycemia in non-diabetics was associated with higher risk of severe/critical illness (OR 1.837 (95% CI 1.368–2.465, P < 0.001) and mortality (2.822, 95% CI 1.587–5.019, P < 0.001) compared with those with normal values of blood glucose. A literature search was performed in August and September 2020 using databases PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus to identify studies reporting an association between blood This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 glucose levels and COVID-19 disease outcomes in patients without a history of diabetes. Our pooled analysis showed an increased risk of critical illness or severe COVID-19, as well as mortality in patients who presented with raised glucose levels and no prior history of diabetes compared with those with normal glucose levels. It has been observed that there exist varying magnitudes of association between fasting blood glucose levels and severe/critical COVID-19 illness among patients presenting with hyperglycemia without a known diagnosis of diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260980-tyf3fuz9 author = Lorenzo Villalba, Noel title = Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1211 sentences = 79 flesch = 52 summary = title: Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? We describe two elderly patients evaluated at emergency departments for anosmia/dysgeusia in the absence of any other respiratory symptoms prior to or upon admission. Upon admission, the patient was afebrile, his blood pressure was 110/80 mmHg, heart rate was 82 bmp and oxygen saturation was 94% on room air. Anosmia, hyposmia and dysgeusia in the absence of other respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis or chronic rhinosinusitis, should alert physicians to the possibility of COVID-19 infection and prompt serious consideration of self-isolation and testing of these individuals. Anosmia and dysgeusia should prompt COVID-19 infection screening even in the absence of classic respiratory symptoms in the present epidemiological context. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261086-pwgsl32m author = Aigner, Clemens title = COVID-19 in a lung transplant Recipient date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 477 sentences = 37 flesch = 52 summary = In a report based on data collected in China from 1099 patients during the two first months of Covid-19 outbreaks, 5% of the patients were admitted to ICU, 2.3% underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and 1.4% died (2) . From these first very early experiences with Covid-19 in renal, heart and lung transplant recipients, disease presentation seemed to be similar as in the general population. Whether Covid-19 is more severe or probably mitigated due to the effects of the immunosuppression on virus replication in patient after solid organ transplantation is still unknown but recovery was so far possible in most reported cases, although some anecdotal unpublished reports from Italy suggest a higher morbidity in older transplant recipients. Based on this experience a higher clinical suspicion is warranted and early testing is recommended, since COVID-19 can be present even in relatively asymptomatic patients after lung transplantation. cache = ./cache/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261173-lnjh56ts author = Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3574 sentences = 166 flesch = 47 summary = In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. 23 For the outcomes of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission of COVID-19 testpositive patients, the propensity score covariates are those that were found associated with COVID-19 hospitalization outcome in our previous work including age, race, ethnicity, gender, smoking history, body mass index, median income, population per housing unit, presenting symptoms (including fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, vomiting), comorbidities (including asthma, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppressive disease), medications (including immunosuppressive treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), and laboratory values (including pre-testing platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, chloride, and potassium). [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identified as patient facing had a significantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261328-prczsz9m author = Yassa, Murat title = How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2150 sentences = 121 flesch = 47 summary = title: How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic By contrast, lung ultrasound scanning (LUS) is easy to perform, has a non-ionizing nature, and has the advantages of bed-side application and thus is well suited for monitoring patients (2) (3) (4) (5) . In this educational, non-systematic pictorial review, all lung images and videoclips were obtained with a dedicated machine [Esaote S.p.a., Italy; Manufactured by: Eizo Nanao Corp., Model: EA720] for use in pregnant women with suspicion or diagnosis of COVID-19. LUS is a promising non-invasive, safe, and easily learned and performed imaging tool that can be used in pregnant women suspected of having COVID-19 pneumonia following an initial fetal assessment. How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 Lung ultrasound in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interobserver agreement study among obstetricians cache = ./cache/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261370-jp5sqqwc author = Bollag, Wendy B. title = Phosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19? date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4096 sentences = 177 flesch = 33 summary = It is thought that surfactant, which is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for intratracheal administration to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in infants, could benefit COVID-19-infected individuals by: (1) restoring surfactant damaged by lung infection and/or decreased due to the virus-induced death of the type II pneumocytes that produce it and (2) reducing surface tension to decrease the work of breathing and limit pulmonary edema. In addition, a constituent of surfactant, phosphatidylglycerol, could mitigate COVID-19-induced lung pathology by: (3) decreasing excessive innate immune system activation via its inhibition of toll-like receptor-2 and -4 activation by microbial components and cellular proteins released by damaged cells, thereby limiting inflammation and the resultant pulmonary edema, and (4) possibly blocking spread of the viral infection to non-infected cells in the lung. cache = ./cache/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261174-jws90odd author = Tekbali, Asma title = Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 145 sentences = 23 flesch = 72 summary = key: cord-261174-jws90odd authors: Tekbali, Asma; Grünebaum, Amos; Saraya, Abraham; McCullough, Laurence; Bornstein, Eran; Chervenak, Frank A. title: Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 261174 cord_uid: jws90odd nan The authors report no conflict of interest. On March 2, 2020 the New York Times reported that a Manhattan woman was the Subjects were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 on admission, during the hospital stay, 33 or postpartum. The IRB determined that this study did not meet the definition of 34 human subject research and that, therefore, no IRB review was required. COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians 84 need to know COVID-19) Pandemic and Pregnancy COVID-19 in pregnant women. Management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 The Lancet Infectious Diseases The Lancet Infectious Diseases cache = ./cache/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261113-v84rzhin author = Ferdinand, Keith C. title = Understanding African American COVID‐19 Severity and Mortality: Is Obesity the Key? date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1015 sentences = 60 flesch = 49 summary = Accordingly, in a recent large case series of 5,700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, including 1,230 (22.6%) AA, obesity was reported to increase the odds ratio for death by 3.05 (95% CI: 1.57-5.92) (8) . Moreover, among 3,615 individuals in a large New York City academic hospital, without defined percentages based on race/ethnicity, obesity and COVID-19 appeared to affect severity at younger ages. Similarly, in 265 patients (58% male) from several US university hospitals, obesity was a salient risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. The authors proposed increased public messaging to younger adults, proactive virus testing in individuals with obesity, and maintaining greater vigilance for this at-risk population to help ameliorate widespread, severe COVID-19 disease (10) . Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission cache = ./cache/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261420-8wavi5tk author = Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title = Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2490 sentences = 170 flesch = 56 summary = Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. Also, the interaction of five cities is studied with various connections and parameters to show the effect of traveling in the outbreak of the disease. Part (a) of Fig. 2 shows the bifurcations of Model (1) by changing the parameter of the background of mortality without considering the disease state. In the first step of this study, various bifurcations of the model by changing some critical parameters such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from Fig. 9 Variations of state variables of five cities with different parameters for cities and coupling strength k ¼ 0:2; The population of the susceptible and resistant group in the cities cannot be synchronized, and they are different in all the times. cache = ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261256-iwdusvrw author = Gandolfi, Alberto title = Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8612 sentences = 417 flesch = 62 summary = The key differences with the usual SEIR model [14] are: an external source of infection [15] , [19] , the possibility of transmission limited to 7 hours per working day; a control indicating from the start whether, for each day, schools are open or closed; and the presence of asymptomatic individuals. As benchmark cases we consider the full closure and the complete opening of the school, which is to say, the two most extreme choices of a fully remote teaching or regular 7 hours a day in-class activities for the whole year. In addition, we indicate of each parameter the range of values for which the optimal solution achieves a substantial reduction with respect to complete opening, but limited to determining at most an 100% increase in the number of cases with respect to school closure. cache = ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261383-izd1vn6f author = Oleynick, Christopher title = Symptoms of Pleurisy as the Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2028 sentences = 96 flesch = 50 summary = Patient: Male, 48-year-old Final Diagnosis: Viral pleurisy Symptoms: Pleuritic chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 8 million people worldwide and placed massive strains on healthcare systems around the world. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Emergency Department with acute-onset pleuritic chest pain that had developed 1 day earlier and was found to be hypoxemic, requiring supplemental oxygen. CONCLUSIONS: I report a patient who experienced pleuritic chest pain from viral pleurisy that was the initial manifestation of COVID-19 which, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been reported in the literature. I report a patient who experienced pleuritic chest pain as the initial manifestation of infection with COVID-19, who subsequently developed more typical features, including cough, fever, shortness of breath, and hypoxia. cache = ./cache/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261315-n8tnistv author = Palomar‐Lever, Andres title = Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID‐19: A computed tomography study date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3368 sentences = 183 flesch = 53 summary = [1] [2] [3] On the other hand, it is also well recognized that patients with some of these comorbidities, mainly type 2 diabetes and obesity, are at higher risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which at the same time may worsen these disorders [4] [5] [6] [7] and which has been implicated in the inflammatory response (increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]) with poorer outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Due to the high worldwide prevalence of HS and its relationship with many disorders associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection, we hypothesize that tomographic liver steatosis could represent an additional independent risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the CT severity score definition. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores cache = ./cache/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261062-9zhe3ejy author = Zhu, Shu-Ting title = Utility of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Classification of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2743 sentences = 149 flesch = 51 summary = In this study, the utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound for the clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was prospectively assessed. Twenty-seven adult patients with COVID-19 underwent bedside lung ultrasonography (LUS) examinations three times within the first two weeks of admission to the isolation ward. Early studies suggested that the irregular pleural line with small subpleural consolidations, white lung, confluents and irregular vertical artifacts (B-lines) are ultrasonic manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia , and LUS scores have been used for the identification of patients with lung involvement and disease severity (Vetrugno et al. According to Spearman correlation test results (Table 2) Then, we divided the LUS scores into three scales (low ≤9; 914 days. Hospitalonset possible healthcare-associated (HoPHA) cases, in those residing between 3 and 14 days in the hospital, in the absence of suspected COVID-19 on admission. New cases diagnosed within 14 days of acute-care hospital discharge would be community-onset, healthcare-associated (CoHA) infection. Community-associated (CA) cases would refer to those diagnosed within 2 days or suspected on admission (diagnosed >2 days after admission) and no acute-care hospitalization within the previous 14 days. The rates of HoHA and HoPHA COVID-19 cases per total number of hospital admissions during this period were 32 of 1,818 (1.76%) and 32 of 1,818 (1.76%), respectively. 5 Our data demonstrate that healthcare-associated COVID-19 has contributed an important number of cases patients during the height of a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262049-c8uzehft author = Li, Ruilin title = Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3642 sentences = 198 flesch = 58 summary = The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261860-gfcm0q3p author = Fersia, O. title = The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiology Services date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3858 sentences = 355 flesch = 66 summary = Conclusion: As ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death nationally and globally, cardiology services need to prepare for a significant increase in workload in the recovery phase and develop new pathways to urgently help those adversely affected by the changes in service provisions. 5 In line with government guidelines, cardiology services had to alter the delivery of care by adopting virtual clinic models, redeployment of staff to the acute medical services and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures while at the same time dealing with the cardiac complications of COVID-19 such as myocarditis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Since ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, 7 it is necessary to assess the impact of the lockdown and healthcare restructuring on the performance of cardiology service provision and the changes needed to prepare for the recovery phase and a potential rebound surge of clinical activity. cache = ./cache/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262069-j3x08scy author = Puglisi, Lisa B. title = Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 956 sentences = 65 flesch = 52 summary = title: Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States The basic reproduction ratio ( ) for the virus was estimated to be close to 3 in the prison population, far higher than for the general population (2) . We estimate the of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in a large urban jail in the United States. We used a dynamic transmission model to calculate for a large urban jail in a U.S. city with an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. The model is a modified SEIR model and includes the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f following COVID-19 disease states: susceptible ( ), exposed ( ), infected symptomatic ( ), infected asymptomatic ( ), quarantined ( ), hospitalized ( ), recovered ( ), and dead ( ). cache = ./cache/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261899-xv4ulh6u author = Gao, Yadong title = COVID-19: Risk factors for critical illness date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1085 sentences = 60 flesch = 47 summary = The reported risk factors associated with death rate of critical ill COVID-19 patients include male, older age (>65 years), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA), high blood d-dimer (>1000 ng/mL), cardiovascular comorbidities, higher concentrations of Interleuking-6 (IL-6) [2] and more affected pulmonary lobe numbers [7] . Except age, other risk factors identified in Liu's report are different from a recent study in critical ill COVID-19 patients in New York city [4] . In the latter study, among 647 ICU admitted patients, the risk factors for critical illness include male, age (>65 years), heart failure, BMI > 40, diabetes, admission oxygen saturation< 88%, troponin level >1 ng/ml, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 200 mg/L and d-dimer> 2500 ng/ml. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261971-rt6uo9pw author = Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya title = The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8257 sentences = 623 flesch = 60 summary = 16 Meanwhile, however, another MFA Spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, tweeted on the same day, "It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan." 17 On March 16, Trump again referred to the "Chinese Virus," 18 and during a White House press briefing on the 17th, he defended his use of the term: "I didn't appreciate the fact that China was saying that our military gave it to them." 19 He also rejected the idea that such a term creates a stigma: "I don't think so. Pushing back, The People's Daily published an article entitled, "US COVID-19 statistics challenged by multiple research: lethal virus is far more widespread in the country than previously thought." 28 Meanwhile, in Washington, Trump claimed on April 23 that he has evidence that gives him "high level confidence" that the virus came from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China. cache = ./cache/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262073-7bhoyg4o author = Tolu, Lemi Belay title = Managing Resident Workforce and Residency Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review of Adaptive Approaches date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2976 sentences = 182 flesch = 32 summary = We divided the data obtained into six thematic areas: resident staffing, clinical education, surgical education, didactic teaching, research activity, and accreditation process. The clinical education and handson training are affected by the disruption of formal health care delivery like elective surgeries, disruption of skill-based teaching activities, and deployment of residents to COVID-19 related service. 7 Considering the above facts, we did a scoping review to synthesize evidence on adaptive (innovative) ways of maintaining residency education activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. 12 Resident clinical education (Morning, case presentations, bedsides, round, seminars (management session), journal club) Few residency programs suspend resident clinical teachings 9 while many residency training programs designed alternative innovative technologies to maintain resident clinical education during COVID-19 pandemic. Different innovative alternative teaching methods were evolving to substitute the former face to face teaching to maintain residency didactic, clinical, surgical education, and research activity. cache = ./cache/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261711-nmmz9tke author = Verma, Surabhi title = Investigating the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6285 sentences = 320 flesch = 44 summary = This article presents the findings of a bibliometric study of COVID-19 literature in the business and management domain to identify current areas of research and propose a way forward. To help business practitioners and researchers understand the impact of the pandemic on future economic growth, this study analyzed a corpus of COVID-19 and business and management articles to address questions like the following: What are the growth trajectories and trends of publications in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak? Of these, 35 articles were duplicates (i.e., indexed in both databases) and thus were excluded from further analysis (Homrich, Galvao, Abadia, indicates the adaptability and openness of researchers across the world to understand contemporary issues like the impact of COVID-19 on business. Given this backdrop, the current study presents a bibliometric review of 107 papers on the ramifications of COVID-19 in the domain of business and management in order to delineate this emerging research field and summarize the available knowledge. cache = ./cache/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261891-yiiz9s53 author = Czernichow, Sébastien title = Obesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Paris hospitals, France: a cohort study on 5795 patients date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2711 sentences = 164 flesch = 53 summary = 8 Preliminary data from different cohorts of patients infected by COVID-19 of small sample size (lower than 400 patients), with short follow-up or with poorly described BMI indicate poorer prognosis in people with obesity compared to other patients. However, it is not possible to conclude from these results that obesity is an independent factor of mortality for patients infected with COVID-19 due to the small sample sizes of these studies, neither to have a precise estimate of obesity size effect due to the absence of BMI categories and incomplete follow-up. We imputed missing BMI category using predictive mean matching considering as the following as explaining variables: comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cancer), smoking status, sex, age and indirect information regarding BMI value (obesity from free-text reports, variables extracted from 4-digits E66 ICD-10 codes and malnutrition ICD-10 codes). cache = ./cache/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262152-gdnc51m5 author = Chaibi, Sayma title = Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2769 sentences = 173 flesch = 51 summary = title: Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort AIM: To assess the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French cohort of hospitalized patients. Similar results were obtained for patients with cholestatic liver injury (Table Table 5 shows the association of factors with the composite severity endpoint (admission to ICU, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, CT scan injury >50% and global mortality). Severe infection is known to be more frequent among those patients, but they had mostly imbalanced diabetes or hypertension, which was not the case in our study Global mortality was also similar (16.0%), yet the number of admissions to ICU (15.3%) was higher than previously reported 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262095-u3ns50lg author = Whyte, Richard I. title = Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 408 sentences = 22 flesch = 42 summary = title: Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic In the recent article by Prachand and colleagues, 1 the authors pose a simple and practical way of prioritizing nonemergent surgical cases in the midst of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although prioritizing surgical cases is an everyday occurrence in non-COVID-19 times, the current crisis presents unusual constraints related to limited resources, viral exposure to both patients and staff, and a rapidly changing environment related to personal protective equipment, COVID-19 testing, and redeployment of hospital staff. In their manuscript, the authors separate factors related to surgical urgency into 3 domains: the procedure, the patient, and the underlying disease. In short, the authors propose a useful intellectual framework for prioritizing time-sensitive surgical procedures, yet while the simplicity of assigning numbers and using them as a definitive metric is attractive, such an approach requires validation before it can be used widely. cache = ./cache/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262029-zzn74cjr author = Kang, Chang Kyung title = In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2575 sentences = 151 flesch = 52 summary = We examined the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2, at concentrations which can be used to treat coronavirus-19 patients with little concern of toxicity. Its in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, has been recently suggested [4] . Therefore, the screening of poten-tial antivirals to fight COVID-19 is urgently needed and led us to assess the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 at clinically administrable doses. We examined the in vitro activity of the oral antivirals lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 at their patient administrable doses. In conclusion, this in vitro experimental study showed that lopinavir/ritonavir, at its clinically relevant concentration, showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity when it was administered following viral infection. 1. Lopinavir/ritonavir showed significant anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity both in terms of the prevention of cytotoxicity and reducing the viral load at plasma concentrations achievable by usual doses. cache = ./cache/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262090-nbxzyjvf author = Acharya, Arpan title = SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Neurological Dysfunction date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3434 sentences = 213 flesch = 50 summary = A number of neurological disease complications have been seen following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Such central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms linked to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is often life threatening. As cardio-respiratory impairments could reflect brainstem dysfunction it may, in part, be responsible for ARDS as frequently occurs as a cause of COVID-19 mortality among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (Netland et al. As the impaired ability to smell and test are a common manifestation of respiratory neurotropic viral invasion of the olfactory system, we suspect there is a possibility that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the olfactory system and may enter the CNS using the olfactory pathway. A retrospective study substantiates this, wherein, 36.4% of patients out of 214 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been documented to present with varying degree of neurological manifestations that include skeletal muscle injury, delirium and acute cerebrovascular disease (Fig. 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262192-w86qc3fq author = Balkhair, Abdullah A. title = COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1103 sentences = 85 flesch = 54 summary = According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the world has witnessed the emergence of several disease outbreaks and epidemics caused by more than 20 infectious agents over the past decade. 3 Over the past two decades, the emergence of coronavirus-associated diseases (SARS and MERS) inflicted global challenges to public health systems. This is exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic where the appearance of a seemingly limited cluster of cases of pneumonia linked to a sea food market in Wuhan, China 7 has become one of the worst pandemics in human history with a staggering number of more than 1.4 million infections in 177 countries and more than 85 000 deaths globally as of 9 April 2020. The quest for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent priority, and its development and global availability is a prerequisite for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. The current COVID-19 pandemic and its dreadful global impact is a reminder of the potential detriment of emerging infectious diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262119-s6hc7fxs author = Ostaszewski, Marek title = COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12332 sentences = 742 flesch = 38 summary = title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms The molecular pathophysiology that links SARS-CoV-2 infection to the clinical manifestations and course of COVID-19 is complex and spans multiple biological pathways, cell types and organs [2, 3] . With this goal in mind, we initiated a collaborative effort involving over 230 biocurators, domain experts, modelers and data analysts from 120 institutions in 30 countries to develop the COVID-19 Disease Map, an open-access collection of curated computational diagrams and models of molecular mechanisms implicated in the disease [4] . The COVID-19 Disease Map diagrams, available in layout-aware systems biology formats and integrated with external repositories, are available in several formats allowing a range of computational analyses, including network analysis and Boolean, kinetic or multiscale simulations. COVID-19 Disease Map, building a computational repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms cache = ./cache/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262311-vdbk50pl author = Grant-Kels, Jane M. title = Response to “Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis” date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 317 sentences = 26 flesch = 50 summary = title: Response to "Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis" A recent Wall Street Journal article reported data compiled from the Global Rheumatology Alliance (a coalition of rheumatologists) that more than five dozen "people taking hydroxychloroquine and other treatments for chronic rheumatologic diseases have become infected with Covid-19, according to an analysis of emerging data that is a sign the drugs may not protect people from the new coronavirus." 8. Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262169-5x2oop1g author = Alola, Andrew Adewale title = The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3186 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA' economic policy uncertainty. Giving that only a sparse study such as Nicola et al (2020) has explored the economic aspects of COVID-19, the novelty of the current study is expected to close the existing gap in the literature through the following approaches: (i) the examining of the impact of daily deaths from COVID-19, daily recoveries from COVID-19, and economic uncertainty on financial stress, (ii) illustrating with empirical evidence of the states of financial stress with the regime switching approach of Markov-Switch regression technique, and (iii) the use of daily frequency and quite up-to-date data spanning the period 25 February 2020-30 March 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262188-a20vb800 author = Horisberger, Alice title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SLE: beyond the risk of infection date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1107 sentences = 75 flesch = 49 summary = One may hypothesise that the increased bioavailability of type 1 IFN in SLE promotes host defenses against SARS-CoV2 infection and provide some degree of protection against severe COVID-19 in this patient population. Given their antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine) represent a potential adjunct treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection. Small uncontrolled or poorly controlled clinical trials have shown an antiviral effect of antimalarials in COVID19 Lupus Science & Medicine contributing to the growing interest of the health authorities, media and general population. Since only limited data support the use of these drugs in COVID-19, a recent document emphasised the importance of limiting their systematic use in COVID-19 and rationing the supply available for clinical trials and for patients with SLE or with other rheumatic diseases. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients cache = ./cache/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262278-7d6u2tbj author = Hashemi, Masoud title = Anestesia espinhal em pacientes com COVID-19, mais pesquisa é necessária date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 767 sentences = 82 flesch = 54 summary = [3] Se por um lado a anestesia raquidiana tem algumas vantagens em pacientes com COVID-19, há elementos a serem considerados na escolha da técnica anestésica que necessitam de mais estudos: A disseminação da SARS-CoV-2 para o sistema nervoso central pode levantar questões sobre a segurança da anestesia raquidiana. Se o paciente com COVID-19 for considerado um caso de via aérea difícil, é recomendável ter todos os dispositivos de via aérea difícil prontos, para que, se a anestesia regional falhar e a anestesia geral tiver que ser realizada, o gerenciamento das vias aéreas não ocorra em situação de emergência, o que aumentaria o risco de transmissão do vírus para a equipe na sala de cirurgia. Apesar de todas as dúvidas mencionadas sobre a segurança da anestesia raquidiana em pacientes com COVID-19, se todas as considerações acima forem levadas em conta, a anestesia raquidiana ainda pode ser um dos métodos recomendados para reduzir o risco de infectar a equipe da sala de cirurgia. cache = ./cache/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262236-1lilrqts author = Capone, Stephen title = Characterization of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients at a Brooklyn Safety-Net Hospital date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3447 sentences = 171 flesch = 41 summary = There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival based on ethnicity, healthcare status, or individual medical comorbidities, although a negative trend exists for diabetes. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival based on ethnicity, healthcare status, or individual medical comorbidities, although a negative trend exists for diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the disease characteristics in a Brooklyn safety-net hospital affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the clinical course and outcomes of this uniquely diverse population. Deceased patients were then isolated and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to compare each comorbidity to the overall days to death which yielded no statistically significant results. We do note a trend towards decreased survival in patients with diabetes (p=0.12), but no individual factor showed a statistically significant impact on overall mortality or median OS. cache = ./cache/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262203-tcs36kp9 author = Berghella, Vincenzo title = Attack on coronavirus disease 2019 from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 896 sentences = 78 flesch = 71 summary = These early manuscripts highlight the importance of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) for everyone, both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients, both in outpatient and inpatient settings, and of testing asymptomatic pregnant women presenting for care. 1e3 They offer guidance on how to decrease patient-HCW interactions and still provide essential obstetrical and maternal-fetal medicine care both in outpatient 4 and inpatient settings, including labor and delivery (L&D). 9 Although this is reassuring, obstetrical providers should be cognizant of possible quick progression from asymptomatic admission to transfer to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation, 2 as well as cardiomyopathy, in pregnant women with COVID-19. 7 The possibility of needing extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) has been discussed in the care of pregnant women with COVID-19: we thank the authors of the meta-analysis of ECMO use in pregnancy, a timely subject. cache = ./cache/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262100-z6uv32a0 author = Wang, Yuanyuan title = Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5422 sentences = 281 flesch = 48 summary = Noticeably, psychomotor symptoms such as impaired motor skills, restlessness, and inability to relax exhibited high centrality during the outbreak, which still relatively high but showed substantial remission during after peak stage (in terms of strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality). This study provides novel insights into the changes in central features during the different COVID-19 stages and highlights motor-related symptoms as bridge symptoms, which could activate the connection between anxiety and depression. In a recent longitudinal study on mental health during COVID-19, no significant changes in anxiety and depression were found in the general Chinese population between the initial outbreak and the after peak period [6] . However, the existing studies did not investigate the mechanism and changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms throughout the COVID-19 outbreak and the after peak using network analysis. During the outbreak and after peak, the occurrence of either impaired motor skills with depression symptoms or restlessness with anxiety symptoms could increase the risk of activation for other mental disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author = Brüssow, Harald title = COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7118 sentences = 365 flesch = 53 summary = Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1'400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. cache = ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262343-oo55qvpk author = Sohal, Sandeep title = COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 716 sentences = 46 flesch = 48 summary = Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided. Additionally, the patient was off his home oral sulfonylureas for multiple days and underwent dialysis sessions making it less likely that the continued effects of oral hypoglycemic agents was the cause of his seizures. The patient was persistently febrile throughout admission possibly related to the cytokine storm so frequently seen in COVID 19. In addition to viral infection, host immune response causing a cytokine storm leading to damage in the blood brain barrier and increased leukocyte migration may be another mechanism in causing encephalitis [2] . As our understanding of COVID-19 progresses, the possibility of encephalitis and seizures is becoming more accepted clinically, but currently has limited documentation in the literature [2] [3] [4] . This case report adds to the literature the increasing neurological manifestations presented in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262286-flc5f9wh author = Baral, S. D. title = The Relationship between the Global Burden of Influenza from 2017-2019 and COVID-19 date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4279 sentences = 316 flesch = 55 summary = Methods Weekly surveillance data reported in FluNet from January 2017-December 2019 for influenza and World Health Organization for COVID-19 (to May 31, 2020) across the seven World Bank regions were used to assess the total and annual number of influenza and COVID-19 cases per country, within and across all regions, to generate comparative descending ranks from highest to lowest burden of disease. As of June, 2020, Europe and the Americas regions have registered the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths while South-East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Western Pacific have experienced comparatively milder epidemics 1 . Outside of East Asia and the Pacific, regions with lower levels of COVID-19 generally ranked lower in influenza burden using historical data. . seasonal influenza pattern, several sub-Saharan African countries (e.g. Sudan) were not included in the comparison of rankings despite high COVID-19 and influenza burden. cache = ./cache/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262249-9jutus1c author = Eshraghian, Ahad title = Reduced rate of hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities during the initial COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 761 sentences = 39 flesch = 45 summary = We analysed hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities between Feb 19, 2020 (the date of the first confirmed patient with COVID-19 in the country), and April 30, 2020. The Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score for patients with cirrhosis admitted during the COVID-19 outbreak was 17·07 (SD 4·05) versus 15·18 (3·45) during the control time period (p<0·001). The mean admission rates for gastrointestinal bleeding (IRR 2·50, 95% CI 1·34-4·64), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (1·78, 1·02-3·13), hepatic encephalopathy (1·94, 1·12-3·38) and hepatorenal syndrome (1·95, 1·18-3·23) were significantly lower during the COVID-19 outbreak than in the corresponding control period in the previous year (appendix p 2). Our results showed a significant decrease in the number of hospital admissions for liver-related disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the control period in the previous year at a large hepatobiliary referral centre. Additionally, our results suggest that MELD scores for patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to hospital and the mean duration of hospital stay were higher during the COVID-19 outbreak than the control period. cache = ./cache/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262403-qw06qqlw author = López, Luz Polo title = Cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas en España durante el estado de alarma por COVID-19 date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2527 sentences = 240 flesch = 59 summary = Métodos: Desde el grupo de trabajo de cardiopatías congénitas de nuestra Sociedad se realizó una encuesta en los servicios de congénitas de nuestro país para conocer la disminución de actividad causada por la pandemia COVID-19 en el período temporal del 13-Marzo hasta el 13-Mayo-2020. Conclusiones: La pandemia del SARS-CoV2 ha obligado a todos los servicios de congénitas del país a reestructurarse para apoyar a los compañeros con tratamiento directo del COVID-19, sin mermar la atención de nuestros propios pacientes cuya cirugía no podía demorarse. Se estudió también el grado de implicación de cada servicio en la ayuda de otras necesidades del hospital para la atención de pacientes COVID-19 realizando actividad no propia de cirugía cardiovascular, y por último se preguntaba por los profesionales de cada servicio de CC que habían estado de baja laboral durante este período. cache = ./cache/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author = Mao, Suling title = Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4069 sentences = 188 flesch = 49 summary = BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. In this study, information about all local clusters was exported from sub-module "Emergency Public Reporting System" and data about related confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers from sub-module "Infectious Disease Management Information System". cache = ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262428-erlmyzwn author = CABARKAPA, Sonja title = The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5588 sentences = 329 flesch = 53 summary = The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). In terms of mental health impact of epidemics, HCWs represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the high risk of infection, increased work stress and fear of spreading to their families. The following search terms were used: 'health worker', 'health care worker', 'medical', 'doctor', 'nursing', 'nurse', 'allied health', 'pandemic', 'outbreak', 'mental health', 'mental illness', 'psychiatric', 'psychological', 'coping', 'psychosocial', 'COVID-19', 'coronavirus', 'SARS', 'MERS' and 'Ebola'. 36, 51 At the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Wuhan study 28 found that 34.4% (342 of 994) of medical and nursing staff had mild mental health disturbances while 6.2% (62) had severe disturbances, while in another study 24 of 1,521 Chinese HCWs 14.1% had psychological abnormalities. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. cache = ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262454-bccrvapy author = Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes title = Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4700 sentences = 249 flesch = 53 summary = With all that, we developed a protocol for early recognition and treatment of high-risk patients (in our population, age greater than 40 years because of generally poorer health standards, or with comorbidities) who would come to our outpatient network of emergency rooms with influenza-like symptoms: fever, cough, myalgia and headache, among others, and receive early treatment, provided to patients at the first doctor visit, using physician discretion from among HCQ, azithromycin, ivermectin, oseltamivir, zinc sulfate, nitazoxanide and prednisone (the last starting on day-6 of symptoms). On March 28, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for remdesivir and HCQ for patients in both clinical trials and with severe hospitalized disease (31) . We found early outpatient use of HCQ and prednisone, both as individual prescriptions and used together, to lower the risk of hospitalization in symptomatic high-risk COVID-19 patients presenting for primary care at the emergency rooms of our large HMO in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262467-epqqd8n8 author = Chen, Jun title = COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7596 sentences = 384 flesch = 47 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 disease as originally shown in Wuhan, China, as early as documented from 1 December 2019 (ref. A recent prospective study failed to find antiviral activity or clinical benefit of this combination for the treatment of our hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 (ref. More recently, a randomized, controlled study conducted in Wuhan, China also failed to identify beneficial effect of LPV/r beyond standard therapy in hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 (ref. Clinical trials also showed that in patients with severe H1N1 influenza A, in the 2009 pandemic, therapy with convalescent plasma from patients who recovered, especially within 5 days of symptom onset, resulted in a lower viral load and lower mortality 66, 67 . The duration from onset of symptoms to viral clearance is significantly longer in severe and critical ill SARS-CoV-2infected patients compared with that in the mild cases 48 . cache = ./cache/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262198-3slh8aha author = Rossell, S. title = An overview of current mental health in the general population of Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COLLATE project date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5105 sentences = 315 flesch = 54 summary = Participants ranked their top ten current primary concerns about COVID-19, and completed standardized measures to ascertain levels of negative emotions (specifically, depression, anxiety and stress). Modelling of predictors of negative emotions established several risk factors related to demographic variables, personal vulnerabilities, financial stresses, and social distancing experiences; particularly being young, being female, or having a mental illness diagnosis. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 (described below) focuses on identifying the current concerns, emotional experiences and risk factors for adverse COVID-19-related mental health outcomes in people currently living in Australia. Levels of negative emotion (depression, anxiety, and stress) were examined and compared with existing Australian population norms; and were modelled as an outcome to identify possible risks factors related to demographic variables, personal vulnerabilities, financial stresses, and social distancing experiences. cache = ./cache/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262412-bs7quwov author = Kaya, Gürkan title = Clinical and Histopathological Features and Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: Review of the Literature date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3358 sentences = 189 flesch = 37 summary = Clinical manifestations are as follows (see Table 1 ): generalized or localized rash (erythematous, papulovesicular, maculopapular, petechial, morbilliform, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE)-like, digitate papulosquamous pityriasis rosea-like), generalized urticaria, varicelliform rash, herpes lesions (zoster), purpuric lesions (retiform purpura), livedoid lesions (livedo reticularis, livedo racemosa), acro-ischemic lesions (dry gangrene, blisters, cyanosis), erythema multiforme-like, chilblain-like lesions (COVID toes) and other lesions such as urticarial vasculitis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)-like rash, eosinophilic panniculitis, COVID mask, periorbital dyschromia, oral ulcers and COVID red half-moon nail sign. In a recent report, the postmortem histology of COVID-19 patients revealed lymphocytic endotheliitis in lung, heart, kidney, liver and small intestine, a pathological picture reminiscent of what is seen in skin lesions, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitates the induction of endothelial inflammation in several organs as a direct consequence of viral involvement and of host inflammatory response [61] . cache = ./cache/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262499-68vmdqky author = Bordi, Licia title = Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5037 sentences = 311 flesch = 56 summary = We evaluated the use of commercial Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay on OF samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, for identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, duration of viral shedding, and determining the assay specificity and sensitivity on OF samples compared to NPS and BAL samples. The first performance evaluation on clinical specimen was done by testing 41 consecutive OF samples, including 9 samples from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients, with the Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay and comparing results with that obtained using RT-PCR method established by Corman VM. The performance of Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on clinical specimens was further established by testing in parallel NPS and OF samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The performance of Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on clinical specimens was further established by testing in parallel NPS and OF samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Second, results from testing on paired OF, NPS and BAL samples by Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay showed almost perfect concordance for virus detection, and high correlation of Ct values. cache = ./cache/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262489-cecg3geg author = Zhao, Zhanqi title = COVID-19 pneumonia: phenotype assessment requires bedside tools date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 891 sentences = 61 flesch = 54 summary = We would like to point out that another phenotype is often presented in COVID-19-associated moderate to severe ARDS, based on our observation and discussions with colleagues treating these patients. Different from the phenotypes described in [1] , the COVID-19 patients we encountered had rather low compliance and their lungs were non-recruitable, despite of large amount of non-aerated tissue. When assessing the lung recruitability with either the bedside estimates suggested in [2] , or with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) [3, 4] , we found that instead of recruiting non-aerated lung tissue, increasing PEEP to around 15 cmH 2 O rather induced overdistension in previously ventilated regions. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome Lung recruitability in SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, observational study The authors equally contributed to the idea presented in the manuscript, which is derived from the observation of numerous COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care. cache = ./cache/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262375-1ex2ow07 author = Qun, Sen title = Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5187 sentences = 280 flesch = 50 summary = All confirmed patients were clinically classified according to the "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Scheme of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (version 7)" at the time of admission (4), as follows: (1) general type: symptoms such as fever and respiratory tract complaints were present, and manifestations of pneumonia could be seen on imaging; (2) serious type: any of the following criteria were met: (1) respiratory distress, respiratory rate (RR) ≥ 30 times/min; (2) resting oxygen saturation ≤ 93%; or (3) arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO 2 )/oxygen absorption concentration (FiO 2 ) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); (3) critical type: any of the following criteria were met: (1) respiratory failure and a need for mechanical ventilation, (2) shock, or (3) a combination of factors with other organ failure requiring ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262556-gpnp06je author = Behrens, Estuardo title = COVID-19: IFSO LAC Recommendations for the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3197 sentences = 178 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: The resumption of elective BMS must be a priority maybe similar to oncological surgery, when hospitals reach phase I or II, treating obesity patients in a NON-COVID area, avoiding inadvertent intrahospital contagion from healthcare provider, patients, and relatives. On December 2019, Wuhan, China, reported an outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) , an RNA virus that affects the respiratory system and has a high fatality rate especially in adults over the age of 60 and patients suffering obesity and its comorbidities [1] [2] [3] . Currently, the most effective treatment against obesity available is bariatric and metabolic surgery, which further resolves or improves the related comorbidities that are the same risk factors in developing a severe case of SARS-CoV-2. It is recommended that elective bariatric surgery be performed in medical facilities with the necessary infrastructure to treat obesity patients in a NON-COVID area. cache = ./cache/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262399-yqtbhdwh author = English, W. title = Suspected appendicitis and COVID-19, a change in investigation and management—a multicentre cohort study date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3640 sentences = 195 flesch = 41 summary = On 25 March 2020, Intercollegiate guidelines were published in the UK to promote safe surgical provision during the COVID-19 outbreak advocating non-operative management or avoidance of laparoscopy when surgery is essential. Due to the UK's evolving COVID-19 pandemic, initial intercollegiate general surgery guidance was released on 26 March 2020 recommending significant changes to practice to all patients in all UK hospitals [5] . In an attempt to avoid the risks of surgical intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic [6] , non-operative management with antibiotics has been suggested as a treatment option [14, 15] . The primary aim of this observational study is to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic increases the use of non-operative management in appendicitis. Following introduction of the initial Intercollegiate guidelines patients were more commonly managed non-operatively, spending fewer days in hospital without increase in complication or readmission rate. cache = ./cache/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262575-06i2nv0t author = Caracciolo, Massimo title = Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2163 sentences = 139 flesch = 40 summary = title: Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severe cases of COVID-19 present with serious lung inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high cytokine levels, including interleukin-6 and certain subsets of immune cells, in particular, NK, distinguished according to the cell surface density of CD56. Cytokine levels are inversely correlated with lymphocyte count, therefore cytokine release syndrome may be an impediment to the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. An 85 year old male presenting in our hospital with COVID-19, whose condition was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac and renal failure (with oliguria) after 25 days of hospitalization, was intubated and received canakinumab for compassionate use. The immune response, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T cells, are essential for controlling the viral spread, inflammation, and tissue renewal (5, 6) . cache = ./cache/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262631-xslc6olc author = Slim, K title = La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collatérale de la crise du Covid-19? date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 461 sentences = 60 flesch = 72 summary = Cependant, on peut aisément imaginer, sous la pression de l'énorme activité liée à l'épidémie au Covid-19, la restriction de l'accés aux salles d'opération, ou le déploiement du personnel, la tentation d'extrapoler cette recommandation à des cas limites d'appendicites (diamètre juste au-dessus de la limite, doute sur un épanchement péritonéal, etc.) qui auraient théoriquement dû être opérées en urgence. De la même manière, on peut être tenté de traiter médicalement une cholécystite aiguë non compliquée afin de différer l'acte opératoire après la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 ou d'opter pour la mise en place d'une endoprothèse devant une tumeur colique occlusive plutôt que de l'opérer d'emblée. La réponse devrait être non, il ne faudrait pas qu'une mauvaise gestion des urgences chirurgicales soit une victime collatérale de la crise sanitaire du Covid-19. En tous les cas, il ne faut surtout pas que l'on dégrade la qualité de nos pratiques chirurgicales du fait de l'urgence sanitaire liée au Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262653-v1to1mrp author = Asad, H. title = Health Care Workers and Patients as Trojan Horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3432 sentences = 180 flesch = 58 summary = Subsequent investigation over a 14 day period revealed symptoms in 23 staff members and five linked cases in patients on the same ward. Staff members and patients can act as Trojan horses carrying infection into and around the hospital, setting up unexpected transmission events. An in house real time PCR assay for COVID-19 was carried out on dry throat swabs taken from symptomatic patients and staff members working on the ward. HCW cases were defined as (A) a member of staff from the affected ward and (B) compatible symptoms for COVID-19 (C) onset of infection during the outbreak period. Four of the five staff members with very early onset of infection were working with the index case during the likely infectious period ( Figure 3 ). In this case infection was most likely introduced by an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic HCW and then transferred via a longstanding patient from ITU to a previously negative medical ward. cache = ./cache/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262550-oip5m9br author = Kumar, S. Udhaya title = The Rise and Impact of COVID-19 in India date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2866 sentences = 179 flesch = 58 summary = The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China, has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 in several countries is similar to the previous outbreaks of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) that emerged in 2003 and 2012 in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively (8) (9) (10) . A recent study reported that affected family members had not visit the Wuhan market in China, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may spread without manifesting symptoms (21) . The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India, has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and taken necessary action to control COVID-19. The impacts on health, society, and economy of SARS and H7N9 outbreaks in China: a case comparison study cache = ./cache/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262519-qjolkwsd author = Xiong, X. title = Are COVID-19 infected children with gastrointestinal symptoms different from those without symptoms? A comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 pediatric cases from Wuhan date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3543 sentences = 299 flesch = 67 summary = We analyzed COVID-19 infected children in Wuhan who presented with initial GI symptoms to determine the GI characteristics and epidemiological trend of the disease. Conclusion: COVID-19 infected children with GI symptoms are prone to presenting with more clinical and laboratory abnormalities than patients without GI symptoms. The main purpose of this study was to describe the gastrointestinal clinical characteristics, to compare the differences between patients with and without GI symptoms, and to find out the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 children in Wuhan. [17] A study focusing on GI symptoms in COVID-19 adults noted that GI cases had a significantly higher rate of fever and a higher tendency to have a more severe disease. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262626-yk4e737w author = Favaloro, Emmanuel J. title = Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1168 sentences = 67 flesch = 44 summary = 1 Although this is recognized as a viral respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathophysiology of the disease is far wider than respiratory, including long-term risk for adverse cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disorders, and multiple organ failure (MOF). 4, 5 Based on our understanding of the emerging literature, we aim to provide in this short commentary a simple list (►Table 1) of laboratory tests, as may be recommended for patients with COVID-19 and to potentially assist in prognostic monitoring of such patients. D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262673-j2ot35lt author = Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa title = Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8591 sentences = 472 flesch = 41 summary = Furthermore, respiratory epithelial cells and lung macrophages are capable of secreting a broad range of chemokines like IL-8, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), RANTES and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β that influence the types of immune cells being recruited to the area in response to acute viral infections (177, 178) . Both Influenza and SARS virus can induce acute lung injury (ALI) which is accompanied by high levels of C5a, leading to the influx and activation of innate immune cells (199) (Figure 1) . Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus shows poor replication but significant induction of antiviral responses in human monocytederived macrophages and dendritic cells Dynamic innate immune responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 suppresses host gene expression, including that of type I interferon, in infected cells cache = ./cache/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262784-r9gq2oan author = Tian, Suochen title = Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3729 sentences = 183 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. Patient diagnosis, release from quarantine, and disease severity among all cases were determined according to the "Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia" issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (8, 9) . The present study retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics, epidemiological history, chronic underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, complications, chest computed tomography (CT) findings, biochemical features, disease severity, treatment plans, and outcomes of 37 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262708-hctuxrw9 author = Ramachandra, C. title = Outcomes of Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preparedness to Practising Continuous Cancer Care date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2365 sentences = 127 flesch = 45 summary = We were quick to adopt best practices and guidelines (PRINT ISSN No. 2277-8179/doi: 10.36106/ijsr) for cancer treatment during the pandemic as prescribed by Indian Association of Surgical Oncology (IASO)COVID-19 guidelines [6] and the Tata Memorial Centre COVID-19 working group [7] . At Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (Regional Cancer Centre at Bengaluru, India) despite having to deescalate operations by about one-third, the department of surgical oncology and allied specialities made the decision to continue graded response in providing cancer care based on, for a centre with an annual registration of more than 25,000 new patients even a slowdown in clinical services is likely to have a deleterious impact on outcomes and a high plausible that surges of population infection, lock downs, resource competition and diagnostic bottlenecks could recur over the next few years and augment the delay in oncological care and its consequences [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262780-ilu5oskk author = Sattui, Sebastian E. title = Swinging the pendulum: lessons learned from public discourse concerning hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4653 sentences = 251 flesch = 48 summary = The use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 exemplifies the risks of both overinterpreting and amplifying preliminary data by those outside of the scientific community and was followed by swift corrective measures by researchers. By early March, interest in HCQ abruptly transitioned from mechanistic plausibility that would support its study in a clinical trial setting to rapid off-label use in patients with COVID-19, primarily fueled by promotion on social media, lay press, and celebrity influence [8] . By late March, two new studies became publicly available: a second study from the group of IHU-Méditerranée Infection using HCQ and AZM in 80 patients with mild COVID-19 infection released on their webpage, and a preprint of the first randomized controlled trial of 62 patients from Wuhan reporting a difference in clinical time to recovery and radiologic findings with HCQ treatment [22, 23] . cache = ./cache/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262520-480kgpp2 author = Kim, Yun Jeong title = How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea’s explosive COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3968 sentences = 216 flesch = 54 summary = title: How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea's explosive COVID-19 outbreak Conclusions: Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions: Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. 5 To prevent ER shutdown and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, many ERs in Daegu revised triage procedures and performed active surveillance and isolation and implemented a universal mask policy and comprehensive use of PPE, similar to our hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262694-bltihsbt author = Sookramanien, Sabrina Pamela title = Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology - letter to the editor on “Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)”: A correspondence date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1074 sentences = 61 flesch = 42 summary = title: Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology letter to the editor on "Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)": A correspondence In this letter, we lay out proposed changes to guidelines of antenatal care and gynaecological surgery and provide an insight into the disproportionately negative experiences of black and minority ethnic (BAME) women regarding obstetrics and gynaecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic [1] . In response to disproportionately negative maternal care experience of BAME women, the RCM and RCOG have worked to raise awareness of ongoing maternal services and access to facilities where available [2, 3] . Where surgical termination of pregnancy is required and deferral would result in gestational cut-offs being exceeded, RCOG advises procedures to take place regardless of COVID-19 infection status with appropriate infection prevention and control measures in place, if safe considering the patient's clinical condition [4, 5] . Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice -Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) cache = ./cache/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262470-nkql7h9x author = Muus, Christoph title = Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17577 sentences = 869 flesch = 50 summary = title: Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells Here, we assess the cell type-specific RNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL through an integrated analysis of 107 single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq studies, including 22 lung and airways datasets (16 unpublished), and 85 datasets from other diverse organs. Performing the first meta-analyses of scRNA-seq studies, we analyzed 1,176,683 cells from 282 nasal, airway, and lung parenchyma samples from 164 donors spanning fetal, childhood, adult, and elderly age groups, associate increased levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL in specific cell types with increasing age, male gender, and smoking, all of which are epidemiologically linked to COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. To assess the association of age, sex, and smoking status with the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL, we aggregated 22 scRNA-seq datasets of healthy human nasal and lung cells, as well as fetal samples. cache = ./cache/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262681-2voe4r7f author = Kim, Moon-Young title = Proposal of the Autopsy Guideline for Infectious Diseases: Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era (abridged translation) date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6495 sentences = 290 flesch = 48 summary = The autopsy, one of the most important tools of forensic medicine, is also useful to infectious diseases because it identifies the causal relationship between death and infection, reveals medical and epidemiological knowledge, and provides objective evidence for legal disputes. Therefore, a guideline for the standard autopsy for infectious diseases is stated here, which aims to: 1) provide scientific grounds to establish appropriate plans for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, 2) contribute to improving national health by controlling the spread of pathogens within the community, and 3) protect human resources engaged in autopsy-related work from the risk of infection. In the case of personnel who participated in the autopsy of a body confirmed to be infected but the standard protocol was followed, there is no possibility of exposure, so only selfmonitoring of the symptoms and the minimizing of face-to-face contacts during the expected incubation period are required. cache = ./cache/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author = Ray, Debashree title = Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7829 sentences = 429 flesch = 53 summary = Objective: To study the shortand long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people's adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. cache = ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262863-f07v5uk8 author = Bertocchi, Ilaria title = The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity‐related COVID‐19 exacerbations: lessons for drug repurposing date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5438 sentences = 252 flesch = 30 summary = We and others have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation is involved not only in the pathogenesis of diabesity, but also in the exacerbation of related cardiovascular injuries, including myocardial infarction, and this process is associated to an increase in the local inflammatory response. Similarly, the diabesityrelated basal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, leading to increase in either gastrointestinal or vascular permeability, may contribute to exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 systemic diffusion and enhance the intricate mechanisms of intracellular cross talk operational in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Up to nowadays six clinical trials (NCT04347980, NCT04325061, NCT04395105, NCT04344730, NCT04360876, NCT04327401), reported on clinicaltrials.gov are recruiting patients to test the efficacy of the corticosteroid dexamethasone, whose beneficial effects in airway inflammation has been recently demonstrated to involve lung inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 (Guan, Ma, Fan, Chen, Miao & Wu, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262786-otxpc46a author = Mohammadi, Soheil title = Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6290 sentences = 334 flesch = 38 summary = Here, we review the currently available evidence to discuss the plausible immunologic pathways that may contribute to the development of COVID-19 neurological complications, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizure, and brainstem involvement. Although the virus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mainly manifests as an acute respiratory infection [2] , recent evidence suggests that 36% of affected patients exhibit neurological sequelae [3] . Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is defined as excessive host immune response against noxious stimuli (e.g., viral infection), through which the primary protective role of cytokine release turns into a detrimental response against host tissues, leading to impaired integrity of capillary walls and end-organ dysfunction [22] . We hypothesize that not only the persistent systemic inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 may act as a trigger for microglial activation but also large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted in response to this viral infection may aggravate neurodegeneration leading to AD. cache = ./cache/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262878-ygvbqmxd author = de Carranza, María title = Aortic thrombus in patients with severe COVID-19: review of three cases date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1895 sentences = 93 flesch = 39 summary = Thrombotic arterial events (APE or cerebral stroke) have been previously related to other viral infections, especially among HIV patients, but no acute aortic events have been reported [10] . In our hospital, we established a specific screening protocol to rule out APE in COVID-19 patients with a significant increase of D-Dimer, even with the improvement of clinical and analytical parameters. CXR presented a rapid progression of opacities and a significant increase in acute reactants such as ferritin and IL-6 were detected, so a single dose of 600 mg of tocilizumab was administered following hospital protocols (severity criteria). We have described three moderate-severe COVID-19 patients over 60 years with cardiovascular risk factors, who presented aortic thrombus despite the use of LMWH prophylaxis, in slow and poor clinical progression with highly increased inflammatory markers. Our local incidence for incidental aortic thrombus is 0.75% in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients, representing 6.6% of 45 cases of arterial thrombosis (including pulmonary embolism). High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262699-e628ysw5 author = Branstetter, S. title = The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families in Germany date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3541 sentences = 239 flesch = 57 summary = Methods: A cross-sectional study using online questionnaires in families from LIFE Child (n=306, Leipzig) and KUNO Kids (n=612, Regensburg) was performed at the end of the German lock-down period. Outcomes were parent-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, concerns and trust in political measures. The survey comprised questions covering topics relating to the situation of families during the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 infections in family members or among friends, risk persons among family and friends, current quarantine status and working conditions, coping with the current situation, expectations for the future, various concerns and trust in policy measures. In summary, most families with young children in our study were concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the associated lock-down measures, with major concerns directed towards economic situation and the lack of social contacts, but less towards their own health. cache = ./cache/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262909-pixroj1k author = Wang, Zhao title = High Fluorescent Lymphocytes Are Increased in COVID‐19 Patients date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1376 sentences = 101 flesch = 65 summary = One study found that B cells were decreased substantially in severe COVID-19 patients (Zheng et al., 2020b) , while another study suggested the level was not changed . To our knowledge, this was the first study to count and compare the numbers of high fluorescent lymphocytes in different severity of COVID-19 This study may provide insight into understanding the interaction of B cells with SARS-CoV-2 and a clue to monitoring disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in mild and severe COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (1400 x 10 6 /L and 820 x 10 6 /L vs 2100 x 10 6 /L, P < 0.0001). HFL counts were significantly higher in mild and severe COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (11.8 x 10 6 /L and 20.4 x 10 6 /L vs 0.0 x 10 6 /L, P < 0.0001). Study found that the levels of antibodies specific to SARS-Cov-2 were higher in severe patients . cache = ./cache/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262716-hea84shy author = Pourali, Fatemeh title = Relationship between blood group and risk of infection and death in COVID-19: a live meta-analysis date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3858 sentences = 208 flesch = 57 summary = The reported results were controversial, so the objective of the present study is to assess the relationship between different blood groups and the onset and mortality of COVID-19 infection using meta-analysis method. Note that there are limited primary evidence regarding the association between blood groups and COVID19 infection, upcoming relevant studies will be added to the results of the present meta-analysis. Of the evidence included in this meta-analysis, five studies had reported the frequency of blood group AB among COVID-19 infected people varied between 3.08% and 13.68%. Combining the results of this two evidence, applying random effect model (I-square=0%, Q=0.41, P=0.522), the odd ratio for death among COVID-19 infected people having blood group A was estimated as 1.12 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.45). Meta-analysis of studies showed no significant association between mortality and different blood groups in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263055-4f25h9l4 author = Fogarty, Helen title = More on COVID‐19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1191 sentences = 67 flesch = 39 summary = We are grateful for the comments of Marrietta et al, [1] and welcome the opportunity to provide further details on the coagulopathy observed in our patients with COVID-19 infection [2]. The weight-adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) thromboprophylaxis used in the study is that routinely used for hospital in-patients in our institution, consistent with national recommendations [3,4] With respect to the cohort of patients with COVID-19 enrolled in our study, it is important to highlight that 74% of patients received enoxaparin 40mg (4000 IU) subcutaneously once daily. This hypothesis is supported by emerging data suggesting that the incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be >30%, even in patients receiving LMWH thromboprophylaxis. From the literature, it is clear that other centres have already elected to institute increased LMWH doses for selected patients with severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262987-7h91n9ro author = Bin Traiki, Thamer A. title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes: A retrospective and cross sectional study date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3326 sentences = 168 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. In light of the above, systematized research is needed to understand the change, if any, in the dynamics of patient care, satisfaction, and post-surgical outcomes with regards to revised infrastructure and policies in hospitals in the wake of infectious pandemics like COVID-19. During study period, there were confirmed COVID-19 cases among health care workers (5 cases) and patients (11 cases) in our hospital, and the hospital administration implemented new polices and strict preventative measures to minimize the rate of adverse surgical outcomes among patients, which is also confirmed by the higher level of patient's satisfaction as detailed above. cache = ./cache/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262945-zfcz0hpd author = Chow, Lai Chee title = Thrombosis and Bleeding as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection with Polycythemia Vera. A Case Report date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2047 sentences = 129 flesch = 56 summary = In this case report, we describe our first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis and bleeding in a patient with polycythemia vera. We report a case of an elderly patient with underlying polycythemia vera, diagnosed This with COVID-19 pneumonia which was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis. We describe a case of cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19 infection with underlying polycythemia vera a b Fig. 1 a Axial non-contrast-enhanced CT showed ill-defined hypodensities at both basal ganglia and thalami, predominantly on the left, suggestive of the venous infarct. Retrospectively, the patient should have been started on low molecular weight heparin while she was hospitalized based on prothrombotic tendencies of both coronavirus infection and polycythemia vera [11] . COVID-19 infection in a patient with polycythemia vera may present with bleeding and thrombotic manifestations. It can also be used to monitor response to treatment of thrombosis in polycythemia vera patients in the context of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262730-1dxeg8ci author = Barón-Sánchez, J. title = Smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3510 sentences = 244 flesch = 54 summary = [12] [13] [14] The olfactory alterations associated with SARS-COV-2 infection present sudden onset, are generally not accompanied by rhinorrhoea or nasal obstruction with mucus, and are of variable intensity, although patients frequently report complete loss of the sense of smell. V a r i a b l e s Participants meeting the inclusion criteria were asked to complete a questionnaire, which gathered the following data: sex; age; medical history; characteristics of olfactory/gustatory alterations (complete loss of the sense of smell/taste [anosmia/ageusia], decreased sense of smell [hyposmia], altered sense of taste [dysgeusia]); date of onset and resolution of the alterations; symptom progression; associated symptoms; close contact with a patient with COVID-19 (confirmed by PCR testing); and PCR results for COVID-19, if the test was performed. In our study, only 8.4% of individuals with olfactory/gustatory alterations undergoing PCR testing were negative for SARS-CoV-2; this supports the hypothesis that these symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262910-hgmwmrtq author = Hornuss, D. title = Anosmia in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1229 sentences = 97 flesch = 70 summary = Objectives: Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a neuroinvasive propensity, and the frequently reported symptoms of smelling and taste dysfunction in many COVID-19 patients may be related to the respective capability of SARS-CoV2, the cause of the current pandemic. Results: 40% of 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 0% of 45 uninfected con-trols consenting were diagnosed with anosmia. We conducted a 58 prospective cross-sectional study at the Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Germany in 59 April 2020 comparing the proportion of anosmia in patients with positive PCR result for SARS-60 CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swaps or sputum using Sniffin-sticks in those reporting a loss of smell, 61 in those who did not as well as in uninfected patients and health care workers as controls. Results: We tested 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 45 uninfected controls 77 (age (median years ± STD) 56 ± 16.9 and 54 ± 18.3, respectively) consenting to the study (ta-78 ble). cache = ./cache/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262954-saqo900k author = Esme, Mert title = Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4857 sentences = 305 flesch = 59 summary = In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, though they are responsible for 31% of infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and 80% of deaths caused by . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262928-l2bqcd0l author = Guarisco, Gloria title = Covid-19 and diabesity: when a pandemia cross another pandemia date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2040 sentences = 90 flesch = 45 summary = The collision between the Covid-19 pandemic and the current diabesity epidemic has highlighted that obese and diabetic patients have a worse prognosis due to the impairment of the immune response to infections and due to the mechanical limits that make the management of the hospitalized patients with severe obesity more difficult. The limitations imposed on accessibility to non-urgent care during the lockdown of "phase 1" of this pandemic have created the need to revolutionize clinical practice to meet the health demands of chronic and high-risk diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Extensive Chinese observational reports on confirmed Covid-19 cases indicated that among patients with the most severe form of disease the prevalence of diabetes was 12-16% [5] [6] [7] [8] . In a French study, the risk for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to Intensive Treatment Unit was more than sevenfold higher for those with BMI > 35 compared with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263002-f3itn0sb author = Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. title = Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3943 sentences = 248 flesch = 39 summary = Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a clinically used Nrf2 activator [86] that could possibly be used to prevent the many heme-induced complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as edema, inflammation, and thrombosis and fibrosis by induction of the versatile HO-1 enzyme. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a clinically used Nrf2 activator [86] that could possibly be used to prevent the many heme-induced complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as edema, inflammation, and thrombosis and fibrosis by induction of the versatile HO-1 enzyme. These predisposing conditions, and inflammation in general, downregulate HO-1 expression and activity [67, 74, [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] , further supporting that this compromised protection and diminished tolerance against inflammatory and oxidative stress promotes adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. Since dexamethasone reduces hemolysis and induces HO-1 in macrophages [113] , it is tempting to speculate that this increased protection against free heme attenuates the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263061-ocplcdiv author = Rivetti, Luigi title = Management of Pacemaker Implantation during COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1362 sentences = 65 flesch = 46 summary = This is the first case of complete atrioventricular block in a symptomatic patient affected by the COVID-19 infection treated with early pacemaker implantation to minimize the risk of virus contagion. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidance [2] and Italian position paper [3] about the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease in COVID 19 infection patients have been published; however, the suggested management of atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorder patients is not matching between the two proposed guidelines. Hence, the ESC recommendation [2] suggested a medical drug approach with isoprenaline and atropine and the implantation of temporary PM (tPM), leading the potential pPM after recovery from the COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the Italian position paper [3] recommends avoiding in any cases the tPM for risk infection, thus preferring early pPM implantation. cache = ./cache/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262936-yo6jf3ng author = Deng, Jia-gang title = Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2941 sentences = 131 flesch = 39 summary = This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the research team of GXUCM responded actively, and the application for two special science and technology projects to prevent and control pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Guangxi in 2020 was approved, including Sino-Singapore cooperation for evaluating the effectiveness and application of Guangxi Zhuang/Yao medicines against In summary, this paper manly contents achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advance of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. cache = ./cache/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263127-zlenyzn9 author = Alimohamadi, Yousef title = Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2578 sentences = 148 flesch = 47 summary = title: Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis In light of discrepancies in original research on this issue, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R(0) for COVID-19 in the current outbreak. Articles were searched using the following keywords: "COVID-19" and "basic reproduction number" or "R(0)." The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I(2) index, the Cochran Q test, and T(2). According to the results of the meta-regression analysis, the type of model used to estimate R(0) did not have a significant effect on heterogeneity among studies (p=0.81). However, because of discrepancies in the results of those studies, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R0 for the COV-ID-19 outbreak, using original articles published during 2020. Estimation of the reproductive number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the probable outbreak size on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: a data-driven analysis cache = ./cache/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263035-eekytsst author = Hart, Alexander title = A Proposed COVID-19 Testing Algorithm date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3169 sentences = 172 flesch = 54 summary = The purpose of this article is to propose an algorithm for COVID-19 testing that would allow for physical distancing to be scaled back in a stepwise manner, which limits ensuing infections and protects the capacity of the health care system. 12 Identifying these susceptible and recovered groups is vital to the downregulation of physical distancing measures, as it will allow for public health officials to predict future numbers of infections and scale back physical distancing accordingly. Here, we propose a testing algorithm to identify the susceptible, infectious, and recovered groups, so that physical distancing measures can be relaxed in a graded, data-driven manner. If a cohort of recovered EWs can be identified, they can work shifts in areas of highest risk exposure such as the emergency department, intensive care unit, or in the non-health-care setting, areas of the workplace that are not amenable to physical distancing. This algorithm is based on the assumption that serologic testing can identify those now immune to re-infection with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263064-n4c0m5hn author = Choudhury, Ivana title = COVID-19 as a Possible Cause of Functional Exhaustion of CD4 and CD8 T-cells and Persistent Cause of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2242 sentences = 117 flesch = 42 summary = We report a case of a 73-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia who recently completed an extended intravenous course of cefazolin eight days back, and presented with MSSA bacteremia complicated by epidural abscess, endocarditis, and aortic root abscess. A 73-year-old male recently treated for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia secondary to presumed source of non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (completed a six weeks course of intravenous (IV) cefazolin eight days ago, negative transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)) presented to our emergency department with lower back pain with extension to the left flank region, urinary incontinence, and an altered mental status. For a patient with MSSA bacteremia and COVID-19, such as ours, CD4 and CD8 Tcell functional exhaustion may be why our patient required an extended course of IV antibiotic therapy. Our patient presented with a recurrent and persistent MSSA bacteremia and osteomyelitis, complicated by a spinal epidural abscess, bioprosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic root abscess despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263066-umvojci8 author = Smondack, P. title = Kinésithérapie et COVID-19 : de la réanimation à la réhabilitation à domicile. Synthèse des recommandations internationales date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5669 sentences = 533 flesch = 63 summary = Ainsi, l'indication doit être discutée en staff pluridisciplinaire et le MK ne doit pas entrer dans la chambre du patient uniquement pour évaluer les besoins en kinésithérapie, mais uniquement quand ces besoins ont été évalués au préalable et que la nécessité d'actes kinésithérapiques a été décidée [14, 18] . Les patients présentant des formes modérées nécessitant une hospitalisation sans passage en réanimation sont également pris en charge dans ces services. Ces mesures d'hygiène, notamment le port du masque chirurgical, le lavage des mains et la distanciation sociale doivent s'appliquer dans la mesure du possible pour tous les patients, même non infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 [4, 10, 15, 20, 34] . Les MK ont donc un rôle essentiel dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de COVID-19 et ce, sur du long terme, plusieurs semaines après la maladie. cache = ./cache/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263057-1pty32l1 author = Bhopal, Sunil title = Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 803 sentences = 47 flesch = 57 summary = title: Children's mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers We examined age-specific data on COVID-19 deaths which had been collated from official government sources for seven countries up to 8-19 May 2020 6 . We obtained estimated numbers of deaths from other causes from Global Burden of Disease estimates 7 except for influenza for which we examined official government statistical websites and extracted age-specific death counts for up to the last five years (2015-2019). For this time period, in these seven countries combined, 44 COVID-19 deaths were reported in 42,846 confirmed cases (this latter number is likely to be a massive underestimate; data were not available for France) in those aged 0-19 years (0-14 in USA). In children, at least in this wave of the pandemic and hopefully in the future, COVID-19 is a comparatively rare cause of death. cache = ./cache/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263220-g721fj81 author = Li, Xiaohu title = Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 496 sentences = 44 flesch = 60 summary = We wish to commend Dr David Bluemke and the Radiology Editorial Board for their work on Radiology Special Focus website: COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus) (https://pubs.rsna.org/2019-ncov). Dr Jeff Kanne wrote an editorial about COVID-19 "Key Points for the Radiologist" (2) and Drs Fernando Kay and Suhny Abbara wrote an editorial "The Many Faces of COVID-19: Spectrum of Imaging Manifestations" (3) , which also helps us in our clinical work. The recently published "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CO-VID-19): A Perspective from China" (4) summarizes radiologists' understanding of clinical and chest CT features of COVID-19 that will help to detect early infection and assess the course of disease. RSNA has very fast peer review and online publication, helping the radiologist gain valuable time to learn about CO-VID-19 and prevent further spread of this infection. Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist cache = ./cache/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263080-c3bklv8s author = Inanc, Yusuf title = COVID-19 pneumonia following double-sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1497 sentences = 84 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we report a 54-year-old man who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy for lung cancer and his postoperative course was complicated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report such a case who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy during the early days of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Before referring him to oncology clinic for adjuvant chemotherapy, we confirmed his complete recovery from COVID-19 infection with three subsequent negative PCR testing, near total clearance of lung lesions on CT scan and the presence of acquired neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in his serum. This operation was also performed in the very early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in our country, and the utility of preoperative CT scanning prior to elective cancer surgery was controversial in those days [6] . Like any other postoperative infectious processes, our patient would have faced detrimental consequences of a pneumonectomy during the course of his COVID-19 pneumonia if a lung sparing resection was not performed. cache = ./cache/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263191-osa3ylkl author = Pericàs, Juan M. title = Hospital at home for the management of COVID-19: preliminary experience with 63 patients date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1729 sentences = 80 flesch = 45 summary = We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 transferred from the hospital to a HaH unit during the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in Barcelona, Spain. (1) Caregiver available 24 h at the patients' home; (2) home conditions allowing patient isolation from cohabitants; (3) early discharge from hospital ward: more than 6 days since the start of symptoms; no fever in the last 24 h; respiratory rate < 22 rpm and oxygen saturation > 95% with F i O2 < 0.35; C Reactive protein < 5 mg/dl or descending, normal LDH or descending, lymphocytes > 800 cells/mm 3 or ascending; no radiological progression of pneumonia; (4) admission from Emergency room: bilateral pneumonia in patient without high-risk factors (> 65 years old, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and immunosuppression); respiratory infection without pneumonia, or unilobar pneumonia in patients with risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263258-qpzaehg0 author = Montastruc, François title = Hepatic disorders with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 870 sentences = 60 flesch = 46 summary = 3 In cohort studies of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 who were treated with compassionate-use remdesivir, hepatic enzyme elevated were the most frequent adverse drug reaction reported. 4, 5 In the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effect of intravenous remdesivir in adults admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 (n= 237) a higher proportion of remdesivir recipients than placebo recipients had dosing prematurely stopped by the investigators because of adverse events including aminotransferase or bilirubin increases (3 versus 0). Here, we performed a pharmacovigilance analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization's individual case safety reports database, to describe hepatic impairment reports with remdesivir. Disproportionality analysis was performed to assess a potential increased risk of reporting hepatic disorders with remdesivir compared to drugs prescribed in COVID-19 patients. Compared with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir or tocilizumab, the use of remdesivir was associated with an increased risk of reporting hepatic disorders (ROR 1.94; 95% 7 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ; ROR, reporting odds ratio. cache = ./cache/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263235-n8omnki4 author = Hassan, Ansar title = Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2095 sentences = 104 flesch = 56 summary = As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase across Canada, the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons (CSCS) and its Board of Directors strongly support the need to contain COVID-19 and to limit its transmission through social distancing, self-isolation, and self-quarantine, as directed by the public health authorities. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. cache = ./cache/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263244-dv2baj6j author = Farooqi, Kanwal M. title = Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1188 sentences = 70 flesch = 40 summary = title: Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic We have stratified the most common indications for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) imaging in patients with CHD to help guide care for these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic including considerations for reopening. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is used to define cardiac anatomy in patients with known or suspected congenital heart disease (CHD) primarily to determine optimal timing of surgical or catheter based intervention, and to guide medical management [1] . The use of CCT amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for adult cardiac indications is outlined in recently published guidelines from the Society of Computed Tomography (SCCT) [3] . The use of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients requires stratification to protect patients and staff, optimize use of personal protective equipment and minimize risk of adverse outcome from deferred testing. cache = ./cache/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263099-uhou04sp author = Marlais, Matko title = The severity of COVID-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 596 sentences = 41 flesch = 55 summary = 1 We are currently managing an ongoing survey that includes children aged 0-19 years with kidney disease on immunosuppressive medication who are diagnosed with COVID-19. These data from a small number of children suggests that even child ren receiving immunosuppressive treatment for various indications appear to have a mild clinical course of COVID-19. Similarly, a study with eight children with inflammatory bowel disease found that all children diagnosed with COVID-19 had a mild infection, despite treatment with immunomodulators, biologics, or both. Although with a survey administered online there is a risk of underreporting because not all clinicians might receive it, we believe that the widespread dissemination of this survey across multiple international organisations would mean that most severe cases of COVID-19 in children with kidney disease would be reported. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263267-oj7rmy8m author = Taccone, Fabio S title = Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1152 sentences = 55 flesch = 42 summary = Early results from clinical studies conducted in China suggest that chloroquine use might have been associated with reduced fever, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and delayed disease progression. 6,7 Results of two French studies suggested that hydroxychloroquine could reduce the viral load in patients with COVID-19in particular, if combined with azithromycin 8,9 (table) . 12 In a second Chinese trial in 62 patients, Zhaowei Chen and colleagues showed that hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a shorter time to clinical recovery (temperature and cough) than placebo; 13 the participants had mild disease (SaO 2 /SpO 2 >93% or PaO 2 /FiO 2 >300) and it is not possible to extrapolate these results to critically ill patients. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study cache = ./cache/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263241-qzerj9bs author = Liu, Liu title = Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1538 sentences = 103 flesch = 53 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction In this study, the clinical data from hospitalized patients were retrospectively analyzed at their admission to identify if there is any evidence of proximal tubule injury. The patients were diagnosed and classified according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 4)." [3] Patients with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with any abnormal urinalysis result in the past 3 months before admission were excluded. This study found that 10.1% of the patients presented with renal glucosuria, 34.2% with mild proteinuria, 25.8% with hyponatremia, and 20.4% with hypouricemia. The presence of renal glucosuria, mild proteinuria, and hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19 indicated the possibility of proximal tubular injury, highlighting the necessity for further investigation. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction cache = ./cache/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263292-qjfe2t9v author = Sansone, A. title = Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3912 sentences = 210 flesch = 39 summary = Despite being a trivial matter for patients in intensive care units (ICUs), erectile dysfunction (ED) is a likely consequence of COVID-19 for survivors, and considering the high transmissibility of the infection and the higher contagion rates among elderly men, a worrying phenomenon for a large part of affected patients. Testicular function in COVID-19 patients requires careful investigation for the unclear association with testosterone deficiency and the possible consequences for reproductive health. However, independently of whether testosterone is a friend or foe for COVID-19, it should be acknowledged that the testis is a target for SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility for long-lasting consequences on the endocrine function exists, even for recovered patients. Drugs such as β-blockers and antihypertensive agents, routinely used in COVID-19 patients, have the potential to impair sexual function [41] ; therefore, both the cardiovascular consequences and their treatment might ease progression from subclinical to a clinically overt ED [42, 43] . cache = ./cache/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263285-89zqgqx1 author = Sethi, Sanjum S. title = Right Ventricular Clot in Transit in COVID-19: Implications for the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 117 flesch = 45 summary = After presenting a case of right ventricular thrombus in a COVID-19 patient, we discuss the unique challenges in the workup and treatment of COVID-19 patients highlighting our COVID-19 modified pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) algorithm. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19related critical illness and multiorgan dysfunction in a subset of those infected. Given these findings, the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) was consulted and the patient was given 100 mg (over 2 hours) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin once the tPA infusion was complete. The usual risk stratification schema for acute pulmonary embolism rely on a combination of hemodynamic clinical parameters, such as hypoxemia, tachycardia, and hypotension along with serum biomarkers, such as troponin or brain natriuretic peptide followed by confirmatory imaging tests. cache = ./cache/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263365-ymnbktm5 author = Dube, Geoffrey K. title = COVID‐19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2494 sentences = 168 flesch = 51 summary = 1 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, range from asymptomatic infection to mild upper respiratory tract symptoms or viral pneumonia. We present here the first four cases of COVID-19 disease reported in PT recipients, with one case being a presumptive diagnosis based on suggestive symptoms and known nosocomial exposure in the absence of confirmatory PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. First, the main presenting symptoms in our PT recipients (fever in 100%, cough in 75%) were similar to what is reported in the non-transplant population. The clinical deterioration of patient 3 after 10 days highlights the importance of close monitoring of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in PT recipients followed in the outpatient setting until complete symptom resolution. When our patients informed us of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection, we held mycophenolate in 3 of our patients and temporarily held tacrolimus in 1 patient on monotherapy, a strategy similar to that employed in other solid organ transplant recipients at our center. cache = ./cache/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263231-tz97u731 author = Muniz-Pardos, Borja title = Collateral Health Issues Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1887 sentences = 84 flesch = 42 summary = This investigation highlighted the importance of increasing PA levels during lockdown through simple home-based exercises to reduce sedentary behaviour, to attenuate the decline in physical fitness and to optimize quality of life. In addition to the negative impact of low PA levels or increased sedentary behaviour on individual health and fitness status, the fear of succumbing to Covid-19 seems to deter patients suffering from traditional medical issues (e.g. heart attacks, strokes and other medical emergencies) from seeking the treatment they may require, and this delay can compound further their health status, resulting in more heart attacks, strokes, and deaths [11] . Despite all these collateral issues derived from the Covid-19 lockdown, there are concurrently a number of positive factors impacting public health. The direct impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has been the main focus for health organisations in order to contain the spread of the virus, to set the most effective lockdown measures and to identify the best treatments or engineer a safe and effective vaccine. cache = ./cache/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263363-2um8ntvi author = de Havenon, Adam title = Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 651 sentences = 48 flesch = 62 summary = title: Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 Figure 1b shows the concept of excess non-COVID deaths, which averaged 1670/week during 03/21/20-05/30/20. In mid-March 2020, after the rise in COVID-19 infections in NYC, excess non-COVID deaths increased for cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease, but this increase was far less than multiple other causes of death. Lack of widespread COVID-19 testing during this period [4] means that many of the excess non-COVID deaths were likely due to complications from undiagnosed COVID-19. The relatively small 11.8% increase in cerebrovascular death suggests that while stroke may complicate COVID-19 infection, it may not be as fatal as other complications. Despite these limitations, we found that the two most common neurological causes of death, cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease, increased comparatively less than pulmonary, cardiac, and diabetic deaths in NYC during the recent peak of COVID-19 mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263308-q0iriid8 author = Piano, Carla title = An Italian Neurology Outpatient Clinic Facing SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Data From 2,167 Patients date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3561 sentences = 169 flesch = 36 summary = Methods: Patients with chronic neurologic diseases routinely followed at the outpatient clinic of Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, were assessed for symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pandemic period, consequences of social restrictions, and neurological disease features, concomitant medical conditions, current medical and disease-specific treatments. Specifically, the survey assessed: (1) Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age at onset, duration of illness, and disability measures (ADL/IADL) (8); (2) COVID-19 related questions, including history of recent travel in endemic areas, direct contacts with COVID-19 confirmed cases (COVID-19+), symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection started or worsened in the last 3 months (fever, cough/sore throat, asthenia, dyspnea, myalgia, and hyposmia/hypogeusia), and confirmatory testing for COVID-19 (nasal/pharyngeal swab test results); (3) information related to the impact of COVID-19 on disease burden, including subjective worsening of neurological symptoms, compliance with restrictions and specific effects of restriction measures on the perception of illness (need of urgent neurological care, discontinuation of pharmacological treatment or physiotherapy, difficulties in finding drugs). cache = ./cache/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263214-h6lkvlj3 author = Bassi, Massimiliano title = BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1319 sentences = 89 flesch = 42 summary = title: BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT We report the case of a COVID-19 patient developing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to post-intubation tracheal injury. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management, with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of patient's conditions. However, some patients need hospitalization for respiratory support and a relevant rate (ranging between 9.8 and 15.2%) requires oro-tracheal intubation (OTI) for invasive ventilation. We present a case of a COVID-19 patient who develops massive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema for post-intubation tracheal injury. Considering the hemodynamic and respiratory instability after conservative management, a bedside surgical tracheostomy with primary suture of the tracheal lesion was performed. In order to reduce the risk of epidemic spread and avoid transporting, in absence of a COVID-19 dedicated operating room, the procedure was performed bedside. cache = ./cache/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263474-v5fbahqb author = Barsky, Lili L. title = Efficacy of clinical evaluations for COVID-19 on the front line date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 748 sentences = 47 flesch = 45 summary = This case series from an urban medical center suggests that despite the rapidly evolving body of knowledge around COVID-19 illness and its variable presentations among affected patients, clinical provider assessment of high versus low probability of active infection can be relatively reliable. This case series further supports the hypothesis that a well-informed clinical assessment, with or without concurrent access to rapid point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 testing, could be leveraged to more efficiently triage patients [5] -even those with medical comorbidities whose chronic illness burden may appear to pose a diagnostic challenge at the outset. ST and BR helped acquire the data from the emergency department and inpatient setting and also critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. SC helped formulate the study concept and design, helped with analysis and interpretation of the data, provided statistical expertise, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. cache = ./cache/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263371-1ozoq3hb author = Togun, Toyin title = Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4023 sentences = 184 flesch = 54 summary = Tuberculosis remains a global health emergency and needs our attention more than ever, given that significant resources are now being diverted to COVID-19 management. We discussed issues of how COVID-19 would affect control programmes: prioritisation of services, availability of drugs, the effect on hard-to-reach and low-income communities and the role of stigmatisation, how paediatric TB disease might be affected, the possibility of increased disease transmission or disease susceptibility, and the problems caused by likely co-morbidity. COVID-19 will potentially worsen patient care and TB control efforts in Africa, given the likely negative impact of the pandemic at the macroeconomic, health system and individual levels in Africa. The majority of children in LMIC are not seen by dedicated paediatric specialists, and many general physicians and nurses usually available for their care will be seconded to dealing with adult patients affected by severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 instead. cache = ./cache/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263435-rclo9jv4 author = Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad title = Letter: Neurosurgical Patients’ Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 583 sentences = 41 flesch = 52 summary = title: Letter: Neurosurgical Patients' Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center At the first stage of the disease spread, the Salé regional hospital was designated for all COVID-19 admissions. The Oto-Neuro-Ophtalmology hospital, considered as an off-site hospital, was assigned to manage all non-COVID patients with urgent neurosurgical pathology. Patients were either admitted directly, if belonging to the Rabat-Salé region (direct admission), or referred from regional hospitals (indirect admission). To date, while achieving a regular surgical load (12 surgeries a week), only 1 case of a confirmed COVID-19 patient escaped the algorithm. Effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: perspectives from the Bergamo Neurosurgery Department Letter: the coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic: a neurosurgical treatment algorithm Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263422-ojdcag0r author = Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title = Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 130 sentences = 15 flesch = 73 summary = key: cord-263422-ojdcag0r authors: Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title: Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date: 2020-07-20 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 263422 cord_uid: ojdcag0r nan The fact that Parkinson's patients get COVID-19 is probably because their main medication was Levodopa and not amantadine. I would like to point out that amantadine is an antiviral that is able to mitigate the effects of COVIDPhenomenology and outcomes of in-patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID-19 pandemic Effects of COVID-19 on Parkinson's Disease Clinical Features: A Community-Based Case-Control Study Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 Amantadine Treatment for People with COVID-19 Use of amantadine in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 Online ahead of print Online ahead of print cache = ./cache/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263494-u4tca4es author = Jiménez-Rodríguez, Diana title = Simulated Video Consultations as a Learning Tool in Undergraduate Nursing: Students’ Perceptions date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4285 sentences = 214 flesch = 37 summary = Simulated video consultations, a teaching tool based on high-fidelity simulations, were implemented in response to the necessary adaptation of high-fidelity clinical simulation sessions to the online or virtual modality during the university closure due to the COVID-19 confinement. Nursing students should be trained in this modality of healthcare to face the challenge brought on by its increased use in healthcare services, beyond the specific adaptation of clinical simulation sessions due to the closure of universities during this pandemic. They also considered that this modality contributed to increasing and/or reinforcing their learning of non-technical skills (communication, active listening, appearance, empathy, and teamwork), promoting health education, as all the technical skills required during the simulated scenarios had to be explained to the standardized patient to mitigate the inability to perform them in a face-to-face clinical simulation session. Furthermore, the nursing students ascribed value to the learning acquired through simulated video consultations, considering that this modality could be used in their future clinical practice. cache = ./cache/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263318-v079kur6 author = Amaro, Rommie E. title = A Community Letter Regarding Sharing Biomolecular Simulation Data for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 694 sentences = 41 flesch = 48 summary = We, as a community, commit to the following principles and offer our support to others already working on open data efforts in the hope that others working on COVID-19 in biomolecular simulation and other areas will adopt similar best practices. • We will make models and trajectories available as soon as possible through open data sharing platforms such as the SARS-CoV-2 Biomolecular Simulation Data and Algo-rithm Store, 2 the Open Science Framework, 3 and the European Open Science Cloud. • We commit to applying thoughtful permissive (and open source) licensing strategies (such as those recommended by Reproducible Research Standard) 5 to ensure that our models and data can be maximally reused, modified, and redistributed to rapidly advance the field in developing new therapies, while appropriately recognizing and acknowledging original authors and contributors. We offer our support to others already working on open data efforts in the hope that others working on COVID-19 in biomolecular simulation and other areas will adopt similar best practices. cache = ./cache/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263301-7gw6a6nv author = Sakelliadis, Emmanouil I. title = Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Characteristics of Autopsy Cases in Greece. Comparison between 2019 and 2020 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2451 sentences = 123 flesch = 51 summary = Frequency of fatal myocardial infarction seems to remain unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic while deaths resulting from road traffic accidents exhibit a significant decrease. Our study sample includes only cases which were referred for autopsy, that obviously account only for a small fraction of the total number of deaths in our area of jurisdiction during the previously specified time frame. Per directions of the National Organization for Public Health, suspected and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were not submitted to medicolegal investigation, as all morgues in Greece are not suitably equipped to perform autopsies of highly contagious cases [16] . The rapid adoption of emergency measures in Greece, in all relevant sectors of life (health system, education, public safety, economy), prevented hospitals from being overwhelmed and allowed prompt and correct medical care of cases, not limited only to the COVID-19 outbreak. Frequency of fatal MI seems to remain unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic while deaths resulting from road traffic accidents exhibit a significant decrease. cache = ./cache/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263518-6puccigu author = Maarefvand, Masoomeh title = Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4918 sentences = 228 flesch = 46 summary = A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, awareness about at-risk groups, knowledge about COVID-19 transmission methods, knowledge about effective COVID-19 prevention methods, awareness of the lack of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, trust in information sources about COVID-19, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers. Demographic variables (including gender, age, employment, education, province, awareness of no approved vaccine for COVID-19, background disease), knowledge about transmission and prevention methods, awareness about signs and symptoms and at-risk groups, and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 were individually entered in the univariate models. cache = ./cache/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263530-t9ryky6f author = Kamal, Yasmine Mohamed title = Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2480 sentences = 158 flesch = 45 summary = ► Abdominal CT was normal ► Brain MRI with contrast, performed after 2 weeks to comply with our hospital's protocol that only allows COVID-19-negative patient to get in contact with the MRI machine, revealed abnormal signal intensity in the temporal lobe cortex bilaterally in a rather symmetrical fashion. Seven hundred and fifty milligrams of intravenous acyclovir sodium, three times per day, was started empirically before the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were obtained, addressing the possibility of herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II encephalitis. The early suspicion of COVID-19 encephalitis and performing the appropriate CSF studies was the key to establishing the correct diagnosis and timely management. ► A red flag of the possibility of COVID-19 encephalitis should be raised whenever patients present with abnormal behaviour, acute psychosis, confusion state or drowsiness. cache = ./cache/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263552-6qhb02l2 author = Chokroverty, Sudhansu title = The Many Faces and Fangs of COVID-19: An Editorial date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 820 sentences = 59 flesch = 57 summary = There 159 is, however, no room for personal or political advantages in our quest for scientific progress in 160 our understanding of the pathogenesis, the natural evolution of the clinical picture, 161 epidemiological pathway as well as finding an effective vaccine and therapy for COVID19. Association of public health interventions with the 187 epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in 189 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel 191 coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases 193 of 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 198 (COVID-19) in the United States Survey of insomnia and related social, psychological factors among 217 medical staff involved with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with 224 coronavirus disease-2019 in cache = ./cache/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263300-qfquedya author = Ruthberg, Jeremy S. title = Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 and otolaryngologists above age 60() date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1780 sentences = 98 flesch = 56 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based on our models, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan represent states where older ENTs may be the most susceptible to developing severe complications from nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 due to a combination of high COVID-19 case volumes and a high proportion of ENTs over 60 years. The novel coronavirus' dramatic impact on medical personnel parallels the epidemiology of the 2003 severe acute respiratory disease (SARS) outbreak in which 21% of global cases were health care worker infections [4] . The present study compares the geospatial distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases against the distribution of ENTs over the age of 60 to highlight the potential risks to this segment of vulnerable health care providers. The highest risk states for older ENTs, defined by the ratio of total confirmed COVID-19 case volume to the total number of ENT providers over 60, were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan, among others ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263457-puf8gjir author = Jayarangaiah, Apoorva title = COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy: An Exacerbated Immunothrombosis Response date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5552 sentences = 374 flesch = 34 summary = Activated leukocytes potentiate a procoagulant state via release of intravascular tissue factor, platelet activation, NETosis, and inhibition of anticoagulant mechanisms. 4, 5 The predominant underlying mechanism in COVID-19-related mortality is hypothesized to be widespread tissue damage and endothelial injury from an overactivated immune system via exaggerated T-cell responses and increased cytokine secretion, leading to a cytokine storm. 70 In conclusion, a viral-mediated coagulant state culminates in the presence of endothelial injury and dysfunction and cytokine-driven inflammatory conditions, leading to activation of TF-mediated thrombosis. The current COVID-19 pandemic has resurrected the concept of immunothrombosis as it is a relevant model to demonstrate the potentiating effects of the immune system and the coagulation system and the detrimental effects associated with their unrestrained activation, as evidenced by microthrombi and overt venous and arterial thrombi (Figure 4 ). A procoagulant state in COVID-19 is the result of a direct viral-related endothelial injury, leukocyte-and cytokinemediated platelet activation, TF release, and NETosis augmented by an unchecked activation of the complement system. cache = ./cache/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263321-pzmo4hja author = Roach, P. title = Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5111 sentences = 262 flesch = 48 summary = To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 doi: medRxiv preprint Social distancing and cognitive decline A number of participants also expressed concern that the person living with dementia was experiencing more cognitive decline since the start of the public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengths of the study include that it was embedded in a prospective clinic registry which enabled us to quickly contact people living with dementia and their care partners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and link their data to physician collected information on cognitive assessment and disease diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263647-svvvwiqs author = Han, Jimin title = Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1439 sentences = 85 flesch = 54 summary = Since the first confirmed case (a Chinese visitor from Wuhan) in the Republic of Korea was reported on January 21, 2020, 1 our endoscopy unit has been operated under the strict attention on safety in order to protect healthcare personnel as well as patients. Ever since the first case of COVID-19 in Daegu was reported on February 18, our hospital had implemented a rigorous rule of wearing facial masks (surgical mask or N95) and frequent handwashing for all healthcare personnel in the endoscopy unit. Prior to endoscopic procedures, every patient was screened and risk stratified for COVID-19 by history taking for potential exposure to infection, symptoms such as fever and coughing, and measurement of body temperature. During the two weeks of self-isolation of the endoscopy unit nurses, 20 procedures of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed. To eliminate the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the endoscopy unit, rigorous safety measures for both healthcare personnel and patients are prerequisite. cache = ./cache/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263569-x06dked1 author = Bobenchik, April M. title = Testing the asymptomatic pre-surgical population for SARS CoV-2 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 82 flesch = 50 summary = However, by April 2020, increased mortality for delaying necessary cardiac and thoracic procedures prompted multidisciplinary teams to determine how to safely restart surgical cases, balancing the urgent needs of patients, the reported increased morbidity and mortality of Covid-positive patients undergoing surgical procedures (2,3,7,8), and risk of spreading Covid-19 infection among health care workers (4,6,7,9,10,11). Screening includes a questionnaire regarding signs symptoms of Covid-19, exposure to an infected person, SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, with or without thoracic computed tomography (CT) (4,5,10,11,12,13,14,15) . After 11 weeks, based on the low number of PCR+ cases and declining prevalence of Recognizing the greater adverse outcome data of Covid-19+ patients undergoing surgery (7,8) and the risk of infection spread from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic patients Covid-19+ patients (6) preoperative screening has been important to the restart and ramping up of surgical cases (9,10,12). cache = ./cache/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263627-8ufjh70o author = Liang, Li-Lin title = Covid-19 mortality is negatively associated with test number and government effectiveness date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2747 sentences = 164 flesch = 46 summary = Covid-19 mortality rate was negatively associated with Covid-19 test number per 100 people (RR = 0.92, P = 0.001), government effectiveness score (RR = 0.96, P = 0.017), and number of hospital beds (RR = 0.85, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the negative association between Covid-19 mortality and test number was stronger among low-income countries and countries with lower government effectiveness scores, younger populations and fewer hospital beds. In the multiple regression analysis, Covid-19 mortality rate was regressed on Covid-19 test number, case number, critical case rate, government effectiveness score, proportion of population aged 65 or older, number of beds, deaths attributable to communicable diseases, and transport infrastructure quality score. Figure 1e and 1f exhibits that the negative correlation between Covid-19 mortality rate and test number was significant for countries with moderate (r = -0.33, P = 0.021) and low (r = − 0.42, P = 0.002) government effectiveness scores, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263631-xna0qtpu author = Geng, Jianping title = A Silent Infection Pandemic of COVID-19: Epidemiological Investigation and Hypothetical Models date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2495 sentences = 149 flesch = 54 summary = Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carrier Caused a Family Cluster with One Severe and Two Mild Pneumonia e index is a 19-year-old girl who studied in a university in Wuhan and returned to her hometown Anyang, in Henan Province, on January 10, 2020. According to our mathematical models of epidemic data in the early of February 2020 in Mainland China, silent infection is estimated to account for as many as 80.5% of the total COVID-19 infections. Our hypothetical model suggests that severe cases may only account for about 4% of the total number of infections if COVID-19 could be effectively prevented and controlled in the early stage, which is bearable when the hospital resources are sufficient. According to the current epidemic data of COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] [9] , children between 0 and 9 years old accounted for only 1% of the total infected population with a mortality rate of 0. cache = ./cache/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263669-d4r4t6ls author = Wang, Zhichao title = Our Experiences with Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2474 sentences = 138 flesch = 44 summary = Possible transmission routes, including respiratory droplets, close contact, and aerosol propagation, have put plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals at high risk, especially during surgical procedures. Second, a triage workflow was established to identify high-/low-risk patients, with clinical manifestations (fever, fatigue, cough, nasal discharge, etc), epidemiologic survey, blood test, chest computed tomographic scan, and coronavirus test if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience could help global plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals to get better preparation and continue to give qualified medical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Not to mention, emergency injury and trauma cases are the inescapable responsibilities for healthcare professionals in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) department. The aim is to summarize and share Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital PRS department's experience of infection control measures and corresponding outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, http://links.lww. All patients who received treatments in PRS department would be followed 14 days after the visit or discharge from hospital to detect potential infection or coronavirus carrier. cache = ./cache/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263521-kv3l41qz author = Haigh, Kathryn title = Hyperinflammation with Covid-19: the key to patient deterioration?()() date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 882 sentences = 70 flesch = 56 summary = BACKGROUND: The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described(1); we write to share our experience treating a 17-year-old male with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Covid-19 infection. Considering Russell and colleagues'(3) comments about potential harm of corticosteroid use in patients with Covid-19 infection, the patient was commenced on treatment with the selective IL-1 receptor antagonist drug, Anakinra, and a two day course of intravenous immunoglobulin. The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described 1 ; we write to share our experience treating a 17-year-old male with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Covid-19. After five days of piperacillintazobactam, intravenous meropenem 1 gram three times a day was started as his liver function tests had not yet stabilised and there was concern that the piperacillin-tazobactam The patient responded rapidly to treatment, becoming apyrexial after 24 hours of Anakinra. cache = ./cache/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263670-irhdf4o2 author = Fried, Jacob title = Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 459 sentences = 51 flesch = 54 summary = title: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly 14 emerged as a serious global health concern. 2 The WHO and has enacted various protocols for healthcare institutions internationally 18 in an attempt to slow the spread of disease, 3 including adjustments for procedures performed by 19 otolaryngologists. This paper aims to review the current literature pertaining to adjustments in 20 nasal endoscopy protocols and appropriate precautions in the era of COVID-19. A comprehensive literature review was performed searching for any published English-23 language literature discussing nasopharyngoscopy and COVID-19. Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-84 at-the-media-briefing-on-covid Aerosol generating procedures 94 and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a 95 systematic review Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with 115 suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings cache = ./cache/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263664-isgcm4lj author = Lee, Justin title = Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 340 sentences = 33 flesch = 59 summary = title: Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. Descriptive frequencies for COVID-19 results, balding patterns, age, and BMI are reported in Our study compared a large sample of hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients to a control group of hospitalized COVID-19 negative patients and thus builds upon and supports the observations of Wambier 1 and coauthors. While the exact mechanism remains unknown, severe androgenic alopecia seems to be associated with hospitalization for COVID-19. The large effect of baldness on the risk of COVID-19 suggests that the presence of severe baldness may help clinicians and public health authorities identify and protect those at greatest risk. Descriptive frequencies for COVID-19 testing results, balding patterns, age, and BMI. A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain -A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity cache = ./cache/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263568-ea3k2i69 author = Price, Elizabeth title = Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 765 sentences = 45 flesch = 55 summary = title: Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? Could low gastric acidity increase the risk of a severe COVID-19 illness? Although it is primarily a respiratory infection, gastrointestinal involvement from swallowed coronaviruses is reported for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus of COVID-19 [1, 2] ), as well as SARS-CoV-1 [3] and MERS-CoV viruses [4] . As well as protection related to immunological factors and possible differences in the ACE2 receptor concentrations in their lungs, children (other than infants) generally have good levels of gastric acid. To determine whether gastric acid gives some protection from COVID-19, the amount of antacids and acid-reducing drugs used by patients with severe infections could be compared with the amount used by patients with mild or no disease. If there is evidence for some protection by gastric acidity, stopping antacids and acid-reducing medications could be considered, particularly at times when patients are at increased risk. cache = ./cache/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263625-gqzly8xw author = Dighe, Amy title = Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6147 sentences = 313 flesch = 54 summary = BACKGROUND: After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst early adoption of testing and contact tracing is likely to be important for South Korea's successful outbreak control, other factors including regional implementation of strong social distancing measures likely also contributed. Despite a rapid growth of cases early in the global timescale, South Korea has brought the transmission of the causative agent of COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) under control with less stringent national social distancing policies relative to countries such as Italy, France, and the UK [36] . This analysis of South Korea's response to COVID-19 highlights how, despite a sharp growth in cases early in the pandemic, transmission was rapidly controlled, resulting in a relatively small epidemic made up of large linked clusters. cache = ./cache/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263628-ac9gld5l author = Sivapalan, Pradeesh title = Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3487 sentences = 205 flesch = 52 summary = The ProPac-COVID trial evaluates whether combination therapy with macrolide azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy, and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalization duration and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit, and death in patients with acute hospital admission and a positive test for 2019-nCoV and symptoms of COVID-19 disease. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded multi-center trial is to investigate whether 15-day treatment with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine added to standard of care can shorten hospitalization and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, admittance to ICU, and death. The interim analysis will focus on reporting the following: selected baseline data (those readily available from the baseline data list below), primary outcome (in an O' Brien-Fleming Plot), and all-cause mortality at 30 days (chi-square or Fisher's exact test, whichever appropriate). cache = ./cache/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263572-h7ya60k5 author = Taboada, Manuel title = Supine versus Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Comment date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 360 sentences = 25 flesch = 49 summary = To the Editor: P rone positioning is a simple method to improve oxygenation in ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 1 ) from a computed tomography performed in a 71-yr-old woman with ARDS from COVID-19 in both supine and prone positioning during awake spontaneous ventilation. Bilateral, multifocal, and asymmetric lung disease was present in the supine computed tomography, with a "crazy paving" pattern (ground-glass opacities associated with smooth interlobular thickening) in the upper lobes, and peripheral, heterogeneous, and ill-defined consolidations in the lower lobes. These findings support the hypothesis of functional lung tissue recruitment in the prone position in awake patients with ARDS by COVID-19. PROSEVA Study Group: Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A pathophysiology-based review Use of prone positioning in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure cache = ./cache/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263674-kngz6j9q author = Chen, Xing title = Laboratory abnormalities and risk factors associated with in‐hospital death in patients with severe COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2375 sentences = 140 flesch = 50 summary = Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and explored the risk factors associated with in‐hospital death. Here, we present the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data of hospitalized patients between survivors and non-survivors, describe the main laboratory abnormalities, and analyze the risk factors of in-hospital death with the hope of reducing mortality. We enrolled consecutive hospitalized adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted from February 3 to February 20, 2020, who were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and categorized as severe type based on the clinical presentation at the time of admission. To minimize interference in analyzing the risk factors associated with in-hospital death, non-survivors who died within 3 days after admission were excluded. In this retrospective cohort study, we reported the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and main laboratory abnormalities in COVID-19 severe patients. Our study reported that elevated levels of NEU, hs-CRP, CK, and BUN were risk factors for in-hospital death in COVID-19 severe patients. cache = ./cache/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263544-6ueqx53v author = Mauri, Eleonora title = Estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services provided by Italian Neuromuscular Centers: an Italian Association of Myology survey of the acute phase date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3348 sentences = 158 flesch = 39 summary = The Italian Association of Myology developed a survey to estimate the impact of these changes on patients affected by neuromuscular disorders and on specialized neuromuscular centers during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We developed an electronic survey that was sent to neuromuscular centers affiliated with the Italian Association of Myology, assessing changes in pharmacological therapies provision, outpatient clinical and instrumental services, support services (physiotherapy, nursing care, psychological support) and clinical trials. Services provided by neuromuscular centers, such as rehabilitation, home care nursing, psychological support and prenatal diagnosis, faced a reduction in 57% of centers, showing higher reduction rates in geographical areas with higher numbers of SARS-CoV-2 cases (aggregate services reduction in 66% of Northern NMD centers, 43% of Central centers and 44% of Southern centers) (Fig. 1) . Home nursing care service was not provided in 67% of centers, with a higher reduction rate in Northern Italy regions, where only 20% of expected patients obtained regular assistance. cache = ./cache/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263754-iv21q46l author = Cuadrado, Antonio title = Can activation of NRF2 be a strategy against COVID-19? date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1497 sentences = 90 flesch = 37 summary = Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is largely the result of a dysregulated host response, followed by damage to alveolar cells and lung fibrosis. Here we propose that a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory strategy based on pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), can be deployed against the virus. The safety and efficacy information of these modulators in humans, together with their well-documented cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models, highlight the potential of this armamentarium for deployment to the battlefield against COVID-19. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), originally isolated from broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, as an inducer of the classical NRF2 target, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) [76] , is the most potent naturally occurring NRF2 activator, with well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [77] . Protective mechanism of sulforaphane in Nrf2 and anti-lung injury in ARDS rabbits cache = ./cache/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263840-1t4ykc01 author = Altay, Ozlem title = Current status of COVID-19 therapies and drug repositioning applications date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2099 sentences = 140 flesch = 44 summary = Summary The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for treatment of COVID-19. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. At the genome 60 level, SARS-CoV-2 has 79·5% homology to SARS CoVCoV-2 and other coronaviruses, and its relative ease of sample acquisition and study, it has been widely 75 accepted that drug repositioning is a promising approach to make available an effective, safety-assured 76 treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we summarize diagnosis approaches, risk groups, available 77 treatment options, and drug repositioning studies related to COVID-19. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 525 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China cache = ./cache/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263753-p3evgngz author = Magoon, Rohan title = Dexmedetomidine in COVID-19: probing promises with prudence! date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 462 sentences = 28 flesch = 44 summary = While the peak DEX-doses >0.8 µg/kg/hr and daily cumulative DEX-doses >12.9 µg/kg/day have been described to be associated with an elevated withdrawal incidence [7] , lack of presentation of the contextual DEXdose administered in the COVID-19 patient featured in the Stockton and Kyle-Sidell case-report, captivates attention [1] . (iii) In addition, once on invasive mechanical ventilation, a precision approach to sedation in COVID-19 patients, as epitomized by Payen et al, appears to be prudent centralising the focus on inter-individual variability and synchronizing the level of ventilator support to the subsequent target of sedation, thereby directing the subsequent choice of sedative agents, including DEX [8, 9] . Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report Dexmedetomidine-Associated Hyperpyrexia in Three Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease Incidence of dexmedetomidine withdrawal in adult critically Ill patients: a pilot study Sedation for critically ill patients with COVID-19: Which specificities? cache = ./cache/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263736-n4mjdlgx author = Pinto, A. C. P. N. title = Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2256 sentences = 125 flesch = 50 summary = title: Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis This is the protocol for a rapid living systematic review that aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: rapid living systematic review methodology with Network Meta-Analysis following the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). We will perform a rapid living systematic review methodology with network metaanalysis following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Handbook (7) . We believe this rapid systematic review with network meta-analysis and extensive searches will be able to summarize the current available evidence on pharmacological treatments and to provide important information for clinical decision-making on COVID-19 that has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263749-bbhh5xb1 author = Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée title = Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: trying to untangle facts from fictions date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4122 sentences = 239 flesch = 40 summary = We divide the reviewed interventions in: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 hours sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod) and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, i.e.). The complete mechanism by which zinc could decrease the number or severity of viral infectious 308 processes in general and of COVID-19 in particular is not exactly understood yet; however, effects have 309 been observed on the binding of the viral agent to the mucosa and on its replication, as well as on the 310 regulation of the inflammatory process;(73) enhanced benefits have been hypothesized when co-311 administered with other medications such as (hydroxy)chloroquine that could function as a ionophore, 312 facilitating the entrance of zinc into the cells.(74) The human body's ability to store zinc is known to be 313 low; its deficiency compromises the immune system, as has been evidenced occasionally by thymic 314 atrophy, lymphopenia and altered lymphocyte responses. cache = ./cache/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263703-5csf9z6s author = Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title = Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5758 sentences = 347 flesch = 49 summary = Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We extracted relevant variables in the smallest reported unit and according to the main stratification variable, either comorbidity or behavioural risk factor, author and link, country, data source, age-range, study time-frame, baseline population group, outcome (mortality, severity, or other), number of individuals in the risk group, total sample, number of individuals among risk group with outcome, total number of individuals people with the outcome, and effect measures of association reported as well as relative risks computed automatically. cache = ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263716-ywsm11aw author = Zhou, Yifan title = Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1795 sentences = 145 flesch = 60 summary = Patients in the initial incubation phase often have insidious clinical symptoms, but they are still highly contagious. At the later clinical symptomatic phase, the immune system is fully activated and the disease may enter the severe infection stage in this phase. Although many patients are known for their respiratory symptoms, they had neurological symptoms in their first 1–2 days of clinical symptomatic phase, and ischaemic stroke occurred 2 weeks after the onset of the clinical symptomatic phase. 3 However, we have found that many patients had neurological symptoms in their early stages, 4 and ischaemic stroke often happened around 2 weeks after the onset of infection. 9 Patients with COVID-19 often have insidious clinical symptoms, without fever or coughing, even though their lungs may have rather severe damages. His nucleic acid testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was positive. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263801-01goni72 author = Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão title = Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2957 sentences = 173 flesch = 46 summary = In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. On the basis of the assumption that different climatic conditions play a significant role in the course of COVID-19, it is essential to identify associations between environmental factors, such as average, maximum, and minimum temperatures; precipitation; and demographic density, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality in humans. Even with the complete specification that includes two binary variables capturing specific effects for the months of the year and controlling for population density, the results suggest that an increase in temperature is associated with a decrease in the number of infections. This study aimed to identify the associations between environmental variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission/COVID-19 mortality. We examined the associations between climatic variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-263801-01goni72.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263801-01goni72.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263763-a8wgvgz2 author = Çelik, Ersin title = Treatment Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Seen Early After Open Heart Surgery. Case Report date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1535 sentences = 90 flesch = 50 summary = Here, we present our approach to a 54-year-old male patient who had coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery diagnosed as high probability coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early postoperative period. We aimed to present our approach to high probability COVID-19 pneumonia which developed on early postoperative period in our patient after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation, which was not reported in the literature before. After consultations applied by chest physicians and infectious disease departments of our hospital, COVID-19 was evaluated as a high probability due to the laboratory tests, radiological findings, and clinical course. Having considered our patient as high risk, without waiting for the RT-PCR result, we started the specific treatment for COVID-19 immediately, by evaluating clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1024 cases cache = ./cache/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263613-gh9zm05u author = Yu, Jingjing title = Impact of citywide COVID‐19 testing on people’s behaviour in seeking for dental services in Wuhan date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1208 sentences = 58 flesch = 55 summary = A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient attendance at WHUSS before and after citywide COVID-19 testing, including the headquarter and 14 satellite clinics of the hospital located in Wuhan. This study presented meaningful insights into the differences in patient attendance at WHUSS before and after the citywide rapid COVID-19 testing campaign in Wuhan. People's fear of COVID-19, because of its novel and rapid transmission, made them reluctant to go to medical and dental hospitals (Guo, Zhou, Liu & Tan, 2020) , and the citywide COVID-19 testing campaign in Wuhan showing only 300 asymptomatic infected persons seemed to restore the confidence of patients in seeking for dental services. All rights reserved study, the patient attendance in the Department of Implant and the Department of Orthodontics has almost reached the same levels compared with those of previous year at 98.80% and 80.44%, respectively, after citywide COVID-19 testing, which reflected the people's demands for dental health care services of non-urgent reasons during the post-COVID-19 era. cache = ./cache/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263940-dzb5idx2 author = Martinez-Lopez, J. title = Multiple Myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Inpatient Mortality date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4568 sentences = 262 flesch = 44 summary = There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 . 3, 4 There are cumulative data indicating that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 and associated complications, including those receiving or not receiving treatment within the month prior to infection, 5,6 although other recent results suggest mortality may be primarily associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities. To our knowledge this is the first large case-series study to describe comprehensively the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized MM patients, compare outcomes with a non-cancer cohort of COVID-19 patients, and identify pre-admission prognostic factors of inpatient mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263936-8yud5o6c author = Wang, Gary X. title = Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2814 sentences = 131 flesch = 32 summary = While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. Prior to the pandemic, all fellows participated in daily team huddles held in the diagnostic imaging clinic at 8:00 AM, which were attended in-person by all in-house personnel that day including assistants, technologists, and practice managers. cache = ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263861-7a076c90 author = Hossien Mehrsafar, Amir title = Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 467 sentences = 39 flesch = 51 summary = title: Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes Learning from the past economic crises caused by previous 86 pandemics, planning for the current situation, and eventual future prevention strategies would seem to 87 require the establishment of a specific task force. In summary, in critical situations, health authorities and sport communities must identify their 89 priorities and make plans to maintain athletes' health and athletic activities. Several aspects play an 90 important role in prioritization and strategic planning, e.g., physical and mental health, distribution of 91 resources, and short to long-term environmental considerations. Considerations for sports federations/sports event organizers 108 when planning mass gatherings in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance Mental 114 health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement Sport psychology 117 services to high performance athletes during COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the 122 Competitive Athlete cache = ./cache/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263968-v9sncm4l author = Ahmed, Anwar E. title = Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 663 sentences = 50 flesch = 56 summary = title: Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections The author investigates whether the rapid spread of COVID-19 is related to the incidence of malaria cases in countries affected by COVID-19. As of March 22, 2020, results indicate world regions that are malaria free or recorded limited malarial infections reported a large number of COVID-19 cases ( The Poisson regression is used to assess whether the malarial incidence rate (per 1000 population at risk) is a predictor for increased cases of COVID-19. A ROC curve analysis (Fig. 3) indicated that the incidence of COVID-19 was a good classifier (AUC = 0.8115) for countries that were malaria free or recorded limited malarial infections (5 or less per 1000 population at risk). Future studies are needed to investigate whether a) the use of anti-malarial drugs, b) the environmental factors, and c) different strains of COVID-19 reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infection in countries affected by malaria. cache = ./cache/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263901-hmqq9w1a author = Yurdaisik, Isil title = Effectiveness of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus-2019 date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3037 sentences = 175 flesch = 53 summary = Correct diagnosis of viral pneumonia based on chest CT indicates isolation and plays an important role in the management of patients suspected to have an infection, especially in the absence of scientifically proven treatment methods. Radiologists to have sufficient knowledge about the clinic and chest CT imaging of COVID-19 will help early detection of the infection and evaluation of the disease course. In a study from Wuhan, China, it was reported that COVID-19 had abnormal findings on chest CT even in asymptomatic patients [26] . In a study by radiologists from Wuhan, China, it was found that chest CT had a low misdiagnosis rate in COVID-19 and this method can help standardization of imaging and a rapid diagnosis [10] . Liu: Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263738-8g5ujfaf author = Qian, Jing-Yi title = Acute Kidney Injury in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 189 flesch = 49 summary = COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory disease, with 80% of patients presenting mild like flu-like symptoms; however, 20% of patients may have a severe or critical clinical presentation, which likely causes multiple organ injuries (e.g., kidney, heart, blood, and nervous system). Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly discovered acute infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is mainly manifested as acute respiratory diseases characterized by acute interstitial and alveolar pneumonia and can affect multiple organs such as the kidneys, the heart, the digestive tract, and blood [1] . In another study of 99 patients with COVID-19, seven cases developed various degrees of kidney injury with elevated serum creatinine (Scr) and/or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and 3 of them were diagnosed with AKI [4] . These results provide direct evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can directly infect the renal tubular epithelium and podocytes, which may induce AKI in COVID-19 patients [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263908-4ti8l2ea author = Gupta, Ritesh title = Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3693 sentences = 201 flesch = 46 summary = Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course. It is not known whether patients with diabetes with well-controlled blood glucose levels have an increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). While one study in China did not find any association of ACE inhibitor use with severity of disease, there was an increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving ACE inhibitors and ARBs in another study [29, 30] . cache = ./cache/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263945-yli5suxb author = Iancu, Gabriela Mariana title = Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2216 sentences = 142 flesch = 47 summary = RATIONALE: The clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are mainly respiratory but the virus can cause a variety of symptoms. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously healthy woman who presented with respiratory symptoms and developed anosmia, diarrhea, and an erythematous maculo-papular rash on day 15 from symptom onset. [6] Pathogenetically, the appearance of cutaneous lesions during the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be explained by an immune response initiated by the viral nucleotides which activate Langerhans cells with the secondary involvement of keratinocytes (maculopapular, urticarial and chicken pox-like rashes), by microthrombi formation and cutaneous vasculopathy (chilblain lesions, livedo reticularis, erythema multiforme-like rash, gangrene), or by reaction to the medication administered (urticaria, erythroderma, erythema multiforme, etc.). [7, 8] We report a case of disseminated exanthema that appeared after 15 days of treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient without other medical and dermatological problems in the past. cache = ./cache/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264051-ps0x2es1 author = Li, Wei title = Human Identical Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Promote Clinical Progression of COVID-19 by Upregulating Hyaluronan via NamiRNA-Enhancer Network date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8939 sentences = 450 flesch = 51 summary = Mechanically, HIS-SARS-CoV-2, behaving as virus-derived miRNAs, directly target to the human genomic loci and further interact with host enhancers to activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes, including cytokines gene and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), a well-known cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), which further increases hyaluronan formation. Besides, these virus fragments containing HIS can increase the H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) enrichment at their corresponding regions of the human genome in different mammalian cells and activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes associated with inflammation. Collectively, we identified HIS in SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the targeted human genome loci enriched with cytokines genes suggested that HIS may underly the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and serve as a vital player in the pathological progression. cache = ./cache/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263993-gbbkcwo7 author = Salazar, Leonardo Alberto title = CONSENSO ECMO COLOMBIANO PARA PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADA A COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6719 sentences = 606 flesch = 51 summary = Resultados: EL CONSENSO COLOMBIANO PARA UN PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADO a COVID-19 proporciona un resumen de la evidencia sobre el uso de membranas de oxigenación extracorpórea en insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica aguda grave asociada con la infección SARS CoV-2, dando recomendaciones sobre sus indicaciones, Contraindicaciones, consideraciones y la implementación del grupo ECMOred Colombia. El grupo ECMOred Colombia brinda accesoria y consulta telefónica dirigida de forma central y coordinada con el centro de ECMO de influencia en la región donde se requiera, y de acuerdo a la demanda de esta tecnología, ayuda en la gestión de la remisión al centro ECMO y/o definir como puede llevarse a cabo el mejor proceso para contar con un equipo de transporte en ECMO que pueda ir a la institución donde se encuentra el paciente para iniciar la terapia en la Unidad de cuidado intensivo y ser trasladado al centro ECMO más cercano para aquellos pacientes con COVID 19 y síndrome de dificultad respiratorio aguda grave refractaria al manejo y/o con choque asociado a disfunción miocárdica. cache = ./cache/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264080-fbp9rr5z author = Coppola, Alessandro title = An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 759 sentences = 42 flesch = 48 summary = title: An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) Liu and colleagues (1) reported on the surgical measures adopted at the beginning of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As reported by the American College of Surgeons, continuation of 'elective' surgical care have to be frequently evaluated and adapted if needed, based on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local resources. How reported by different international surgical societies (4-5) cancers should be considered like life-threatening diseases and changing treatment protocols or postponing surgery should be adopted only in really selected cases. As the dynamic scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, decisions regarding the screening test, alternative strategies improving outpatients services, and perfection of surgery indications remain individualized in the context of patients, providers, institutional factors, and available resources. cache = ./cache/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263883-7ba0huwy author = Ansarin, Khalil title = Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3119 sentences = 186 flesch = 51 summary = The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study, an open-label, randomized clinical trial, examined the efficacy of early start of oral bromhexine, in the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rate of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The data presented in this clinical trial confirmed that the early-onset treatment with oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day not only effectively mitigated the respiratory symptoms, but also significantly decreased the rate of ICU admissions, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. The data analysis of this clinical trial also showed that cardinal respiratory symptoms (cough, lassitude, and dyspnea) in patients with COVID-19 disease who received bromhexine treatment was remarkably less than the standard group. cache = ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264128-o3p92gx0 author = Ahmar, Ansari Saleh title = Will Covid-19 confirmed cases in the USA reach 3 million? A forecasting approach using SutteARIMA date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1144 sentences = 71 flesch = 69 summary = The aim of this study was to seen whether Covid-19 confirmed cases in the US would reach 3 million cases with the SutteARIMA method forecasting approach. The accuracy of SutteARIMA for the period 26 June 2020 – 2 July 2020 based on MAPE is 0.539% and forecasting results to obtain as many as 3 million confirmed cases, namely from from 05 – 06 June 2020: 1981299; 2005706; 2030283; 2055031. Conclusions The SutteARIMA method predicts that 2 million confirmed cases of Covid-19 will be obtained on the WHO situation report day 168-170 or 05 – 07 June 2020. According to table 2, SutteARIMA method predicts 3 million cases of COVID-19 in the USA will be obtained on 168-170 day from the WHO situation report or 05-07 July 2020. Based on the results of this study, the SutteARIMA method predicts 3 million cases will be obtained on 168-170 day from the WHO situation report or 05 -07 July 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264136-jjtsd4n3 author = Ferstad, Johannes Opsahl title = A model to forecast regional demand for COVID-19 related hospital beds date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2758 sentences = 147 flesch = 49 summary = [6, 7] In order to plan their response, hospital and public health officials need to understand how many people in their area are likely to require hospitalization for COVID-19; how these numbers compare to the number of available intensive care and acute care beds; and how to project the impact of socialdistancing measures on utilization. To facilitate use by hospital and public health officials, the model is deployed through an interactive online website that allows users to generate dynamic, static, and spatial estimates of the number and rate of severe, critical, and mortality case rates for each county or group of counties. In this report, we describe an online, real-time, interactive simulation model to facilitate local policy making and regional coordination by providing estimates of hospital bed demand and the impact of measures to slow the spread of the infection. cache = ./cache/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264148-qpcvxwti author = He, Feng title = Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2056 sentences = 149 flesch = 53 summary = 25, 26, 30, [32] [33] [34] Although pneumonia is present in most SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, few cases complained of pleuritic chest pain. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics cache = ./cache/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263882-s5oxr6es author = Najar Nobar, Niloufar title = Patients with specific skin disorders who are affected by COVID‐19: what do experiences say about management strategies? : A systematic review date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2543 sentences = 145 flesch = 41 summary = It seems that in patients with any severe and serious dermatologic disorders, under treatment with systemic agents, if there is not any suspicion about concurrent infection or any high risk exposures, not only it is not recommend to cessation therapy but only emphasize that these drugs could prevent disease flare-up and control cytokine storm that both in a negative direction, affect the COVID-19 course (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) . So in this systematic review we focused on specific patient groups with a dermatologic disorder (usually under therapy) that concomitantly have been infected by the new corona virus and summed up their data in all aspects of underlying and infectious disease course and management. At the time of the COVID-19, the biologic agents were discontinued except for one case (which was treated with Guselkumab) but the patients did not report any severe exacerbation of their underlying dermatologic disease despite treatment discontinuation. cache = ./cache/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264143-30h09e1k author = Kim, M. S. title = Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2014 sentences = 107 flesch = 42 summary = title: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. Therefore, in this network meta-analysis (NMA), we aim to compare the multiple treatment options that are currently being investigated for COVID-19 with the goal of synthesizing the scattered research results on the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19, determining which agents have demonstrated efficacy, and finally comparing agents against each other to determine which ones are most effective and safe for hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on data accrued so far. Strength of evidence (SoE) evaluates potential weaknesses that must be taken into account when interpreting the results including small sample size effect, unrealistically large or small odds ratios with extended 95% confidential intervals, high risk of bias of individuals studies composing individual outcomes, inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence, and several other reporting biases. cache = ./cache/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264037-43yr6qon author = Kang, Yun-Jung title = Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2855 sentences = 188 flesch = 61 summary = The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study collected and studied various cases of COVID-19 infections to the time of this writing to determine measures of prevention against the spread of the disease, while suggesting a managerial direction for public health, which is in urgent demand now. The temporary conclusion of this study, based on limited epidemiological data and information on confirmed cases currently available, is that group meetings lead to mass infections of COVID-19, and that caring for individual hygiene by wearing masks and sanitary gloves can prevent its spread. cache = ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264052-uph136sn author = Wilson, Mitchell P title = Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2110 sentences = 141 flesch = 44 summary = title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature A search of MEDLINE, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Special Collections) from inception to April 7, 2020 was performed in order to identify articles evaluating both COVID-19 and neurology or neurosurgery. A total of 10 articles including 4 articles discussing clinical symptomatology and/or the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 (5-8) and 6 articles discussing recommendations for modified neurosurgical (9-11), stroke (12) , and spine (13) (14) practices during the COVID-19 crisis. Thus far, early experience and recommendations in neurosurgical (9) (10) (11) 33) , stroke (12) , and spine (13, 14) practices have been reported (Table 2) As an early scoping review of available literature to date, this study has certain limitations. cache = ./cache/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264206-u9c8rrrv author = Pata, Ugur Korkut title = How is COVID-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3412 sentences = 186 flesch = 54 summary = In the equation, y t represents the vector containing the variables of COVID-19 cases and deaths, and PM 2.5 emissions, β is the coefficients matrix, t is the trend, T denotes the number of observations, γ 1 and γ 2 are the coefficients of the Fourier approximation that smooth structural shifts are captured, and d max is the maximum integration degree of the series that can be determined by a unit root test. The findings of the asymmetric Fourier causality test illustrate that an increase in the number of cases reduces PM 2.5 emissions in Los Angeles, Chicago, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, and San Jose. The results of the asymmetric Fourier causality test demonstrate that an increase in the number of deaths reduces the release of PM 2.5 emissions in New York, San Diego, and San Jose. The results of the asymmetric Fourier causality test demonstrate that COVID-19 reduces PM 2.5 emissions in US cities. cache = ./cache/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264260-8p6pvjkn author = Peng, Hongbing title = A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 161 flesch = 49 summary = title: A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report We note that the intravenous infusion of CP and MSCs for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients may have synergistic characteristics in inhibiting cytokine storm, promoting the repair of lung injury, and recovering pulmonary function. We reviewed a case of severe COVID-19 cured successfully with convalescent plasma-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and observed and analyzed the change of clinical symptoms and laboratory data before and after treatment. From admission to discharge, the researchers continue to observe and evaluate patients' dynamic changes in clinical symptoms and laboratory results, especially after receiving plasma and stem cell therapy. Intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264237-s14pygkh author = Wallis, Neil title = Implementation of field hospital pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2440 sentences = 117 flesch = 48 summary = The decision of which medications to stock at the FH was determined using the inventory list for an ADC on a UMMMC floor caring for patients with an acuity level and comorbidities similar to those of patients with COVID-19. Additionally, pharmacy managers determined that in the event the hospital reached maximum capacity, this arrangement would allow for expansion of staff resources beyond the initial FH staffing model. Patient-specific medications needed outside of this time frame were delivered by a courier service and received by the on-site pharmacist or a charge nurse if delivered outside of first-shift hours. The staffing model, policies, and procedures described here allowed for the successful integration of pharmacy services into FH operations during a surge in COVID-19 cases. On-site pharmacy services helped ensure that patients received care services equivalent to the services provided at surrounding hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264180-0vd3tr9j author = Gupta, Anupam K title = Is It Safe to Perform Lung Surgery During the Coronavirus Pandemic? date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1635 sentences = 107 flesch = 61 summary = All patients who remained for at least one-day inpatient post-lung surgery were assessed to see if they had an increased incidence of coronavirus infection during the hospital stay or at the follow-up office visit. As of April 20, 2020, we have reported 55 cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care at our tertiary medical center Boca Raton Regional Hospital (400 bedded hospital) in Florida and over 250 coronavirus positive patients. From February 1, 2020, to April 14, 2020, the patients who underwent lung surgery were evaluated for the incidence of coronavirus infection during the hospital stay and on postoperative follow-up. Patients underwent surgery after triage and if they fulfilled guidelines set by the American College of Surgeons and hospital review board, so that hospital resources were not exhausted during an increasing number of COVID cases in our community. cache = ./cache/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264277-mh6og6pq author = Atallah, Juliana title = The importance of imaging – Perspectives from redeployment date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2089 sentences = 119 flesch = 42 summary = Through our newfound role on the medical team, we directly impacted clinical decision making by: 1) dynamic consultation on imaging during medical rounds, 2) prompt communication with the radiology department, including interventional radiology (IR), as imaging-related questions arose, 3) retrospective review of imaging to explain uncertain clinical findings, and 4) guidance on ordering appropriate imaging given a specific clinical scenario. We report four cases of imaging related to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality that we encountered during our redeployment experience, illustrating the pivotal role that redeployed radiology residents have in patient care and management. As radiology residents deployed to the medicine unit, we actively reviewed the patient's imaging with the team on rounds, specifically drawing attention to an area of dense peripheral wedge-shaped consolidation, which is atypical for COVID-19 [8, 9] . As the need for healthcare providers increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, radiology residents became a crucial part of the redeployed workforce and were able to make significant contributions to patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264226-9tgnx7du author = Caramelo, Francisco title = Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2590 sentences = 158 flesch = 56 summary = China CDC has reported results of a descriptive exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed until the 11th February 2020, presenting the epidemiologic curves and geo-temporal spread of COVID-19 along with case fatality rate according to some baseline characteristics, such as age, gender and several well-established high prevalence comorbidities. A final point of paramount importance is that the equation presented here can be used to determine the probability of dying from COVID-19 for a particular patient, given its age interval, gender and comorbidities associated. The first death attributed to this novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 is the associated disease), occurred on January 13, and according to the China CDC 11 the case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.2%: 2 deaths in 1036 confirmed cases on the last day of January 2020. The main goal of the present work is to compute adjusted odds ratio (OR) for death from COVID-19 considering age intervals, gender and comorbidities as possible risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264145-73e61rlq author = Belančić, Andrej title = Gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia - Additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1328 sentences = 78 flesch = 26 summary = The overall intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition in the individuals with obesity could be shifted away from immunosilent/immunoinhibitory Bacteroidetes LPS subtypes, in favor of various proinflammatory LPS subtypes due to gut microbiome dysbiosis. ABSTRACT: The overall intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition in the individuals with obesity could be shifted away from immunosilent/immunoinhibitory Bacteroidetes LPS subtypes, in favor of various proinflammatory LPS subtypes due to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Taking everything into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity. Taking everything into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity. Taking everything previously mentioned into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity (Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264248-wqkphg2e author = Hazem, Y. title = Hasty Reduction of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures Leads to the Second Wave of Infection date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2265 sentences = 133 flesch = 55 summary = For the study in hand, this model is used to forecast the infection rate if the lockdown measures are reduced by 25% on the 1st of June 2020 or the 1st of July 2020; hence, the impact of delaying this step is also investigated. 23.20111526 doi: medRxiv preprint in lockdown measures and predicts the evolution of the number of infected cases until the end of 2020 following the assumed conditions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111526 doi: medRxiv preprint more affected by reopening as they have not fully conquered COVID-19 yet; hence, the hasty reduction of quarantine measures might lead to even higher infection rates that has happened before during the Spanish flu [21; 22] . In conclusion, this study offers a quantifiable prediction of how reducing the lockdown measures shall lead to the second wave of COVID-19 in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Canada. cache = ./cache/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264073-yhztrscf author = Betonico, Gustavo Navarro title = Challenges in COVID‐19 medical response: a nephrology perspective date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1704 sentences = 104 flesch = 47 summary = 2 Some strategies to minimize the risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 throughout the dialysis units are simple such as a phone call to the patients just before their HD session asking about any signs of fever or respiratory symptoms. All rights reserved Patients infected with COVID-19 often present clinical markers of kidney injury. 5 According to the available reports, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 3 -15% of patients with COVID-19 infection. 6 Most patients with COVID-19 are affected by mild or asymptomatic renal disease, but those who develop AKI usually share the most severe phenotype of the disease, characterized by cytokine storm, acute lung injury and, eventually, hypercoagulability. 11 In general, dialysis indications in COVID-19 patients follow the same recommendations as in other acute kidney injuries. Management of Patients on Dialysis and With Kidney Transplant During Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection Review Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ): challenges and recommendations cache = ./cache/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264220-xfptlkuc author = Tan, Chaochao title = C‐reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID‐19 early date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1903 sentences = 103 flesch = 53 summary = Additionally, the early identification of patients who will become severely ill could facilitate the allocation of the limited Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver-operating curve; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NLR, granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; WBC, white blood cell. Changes in the number of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) have been previously reported in COVID-19 patients, but little is known about their correlation with disease severity. In this study, we aimed to compare clinical laboratory biomarkers between SARS-COV-2 and influenza infection, and also between mild and severe COVID-19 patients, to explore the most useful prognostic factors for early, accurate, and individualized assessment of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the NLR showed changing trends similar to the lymphocyte numbers, which became significantly higher in the severe group at the recovery stage ( Figure 2D ). Moreover, CRP and ESR increased significantly at the early stage in severe COVID-19 patients, before identification of any change by the CT scores. cache = ./cache/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264113-dh74pv64 author = Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, J. title = Groundbreaking predictions about COVID-19 pandemic duration, number of infected and dead: A novel mathematical approach never used in epidemiology date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2809 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = Hundreds of predictions about the duration of the pandemic and the number of infected and dead have been carried out using traditional epidemiological tools (i.e. SIR, SIRD models, etc.) or new procedures of big-data analysis. However, several elegant mathematical approaches, based on physics and probability principles, like the Delta-t argument, Lindy's Law or the Doomsday principle-Carter's catastrophe, which have been successfully applied by scientists to unravel complex phenomena characterized by their great uncertainty (i.e. Human race's longevity; How many more humans will be born before extinction) allow predicting parameters of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there are some elegant mathematical approaches, based on basic science, physics and probability principles, like the Copernican principle and the Delta-argument, Lindy's Law, the Doomsday principle-Carter's catastrophe, all of which allow predicting complex phenomena characterized by their great uncertainty, as the Covid-19 pandemic is. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20168781 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 Predictions about number of infected and dead by COVID-19 based on the Doomsday argument. cache = ./cache/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264204-4ablrwuo author = Guintivano, Jerry title = Psychiatric Genomics Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Researchers date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3998 sentences = 159 flesch = 43 summary = We provide recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. Four main themes characterized the comments: maintain team dynamics (e.g., utilizing videoconferencing for regular team meetings, being flexible with deadlines, use clear communication) (32.8% of responses); maintain good personal habits (e.g., keeping in mind productivity may be reduced, practicing self-care, keeping work and personal areas separate) (27.2%); reprioritize research goals (e.g., spending more effort on dry-lab projects rather than wet-lab, using available time to complete analyses or manuscripts, utilizing existing data for new projects) (20.8%); and shift recruitment to online approaches (e.g., phone interviews rather than face-to-face, development of online recruitment and consent protocols) (8.0%). cache = ./cache/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264356-3zu4w0a9 author = Ino, Hiroyasu title = Vaccine mandate in long‐term care facilities date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1548 sentences = 107 flesch = 56 summary = Telehealth consultations have helped our institution provide continuity of care to older adults who would otherwise decline healthcare attendances due to fears of contracting COVID-19. Making vaccination a standard part of the LTCF admission process does increase vaccination rates in nursing homes, and it is recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services. These interactions make the facility vulnerable to infectious diseases, but one must not forget that living in LTCFs provides the residents with a comfortable environment, which makes them feel like being in one's own home. However, when any vaccines that can prevent infection in elderly people are developed, vaccinating LTCF residents against COVID-19 should be a requirement. We should consider vaccine requirements for the elderly in LTCFs. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged ≥80 years Time to mandate influenza vaccination in health-care workers cache = ./cache/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264264-7j3xirfg author = TüRsen, Ümit title = CORONAVIRUS‐DAYS IN DERMATOLOGY date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2144 sentences = 128 flesch = 49 summary = Soap works better than alcohol and disinfectants at destroying the structure of viruses. Soap dissolves the fat membrane, and the virus falls apart like a house of cards and "dies," or rather, it becomes inactive as viruses aren't really alive. Apart from alcohol and soap, antibacterial agents in those products don't affect the virus structure much. However, it was observed that washing hands with soap is better than using alcohol-based disinfectants in removing the noroviruses, rhinovirus and H1N1 influenza virus from hands (Tuladhar 2015, Kopra 2012, Grayson 2009 ). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Efficacy of soap and water and alcohol-based hand-rub preparations against live H1N1 influenza virus on the hands of human volunteers Single treatment with ethanol hand rub is ineffective against human rhinovirus--hand washing with soap and water removes the virus efficiently cache = ./cache/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264449-p3tgjuj4 author = Majumdar, PK title = Orthopaedic Surgery in Times of COVID-19 in India date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1734 sentences = 92 flesch = 45 summary = The fear of asymptomatic carriers in patients and colleagues should not weigh on the decision to operate but should be evaluated by the urgency of the procedure; existing and anticipated COVID-19 cases in the hospital and region; availability of PPE, beds and staff; and finally, age and health of the patient. In one of Indonesian public hospitals, Orthopaedic surgeons are only allowed to perform surgeries on emergency, malignancy, and infection cases, whereas elective surgeries shall be postponed indefinitely. To lessen the number of visits, some Orthopaedic surgeons extend the length of post-operative joint replacement stay of their patients up to 10-14 days to receive the multidisciplinary care, including rehabilitation and wound care. Evidence of COVID-19 transmission from asymptomatic individuals 1 brings challenges to orthopaedic practice in terms of nosocomial transmission, isolation and cohorting requirements and increased post operative complications in undetected individuals. Pre-and post-operative screening in limited-term elective cancer surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264535-zhz9wzh9 author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 415 sentences = 36 flesch = 56 summary = Firstly, the authors suggested that the reduction of weight with the use of metformin, especially among obese patients, may have a protective effect on mortality from COVID-19. 5 Since vitamin B12 plays an important role in immune system regulation, its deficiency may negate the potential protective effects, if any, from COVID-19 and its associated mortality. Specifically, cellular immunity, especially related to CD8+cells and the natural killer cells, may be impaired in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo-controlled trial Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the diabetes prevention program outcomes study Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus cache = ./cache/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264295-7ojvhwb0 author = Maddaloni, Ernesto title = Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse Covid-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: a multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II) date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4689 sentences = 203 flesch = 39 summary = Data collected included: demographic information (age and sex); presence of diabetes (defined as at least one random blood glucose value > 200 mg/dl, or fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl, or HbA 1c > 6.5%, or self-reported history of diabetes with ongoing anti-diabetes therapy), type of diabetes (type 1, type 2, other); smoking habits (never, ex, current); prior history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery-bass graft or stroke), malignancy (any neoplasia diagnosed within the last five years or active neoplasia); presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (fever, cough, cold, conjunctivitis, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to investigate associations of the primary and secondary outcomes with diabetes, and with other risk factors explored in the study, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, heart failure, previous cardiovascular events, malignancy and smoking status (never vs. cache = ./cache/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264538-hzb2fkj5 author = Tadic, Marijana title = COVID‐19 and arterial hypertension: Hypothesis or evidence? date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2011 sentences = 122 flesch = 44 summary = Even though these data demonstrated that the prevalence of hypertension in COVID-19 patients with lethal outcome was high, [7] [8] [9] [10] 14, 17 it has still been debated whether hypertension was a predictor of mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors (age, obesity, diabetes) and comorbidities (coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, renal impairment). Yang et al included 46,248 COVID-19 patients from 8 studies and reported that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory system disease. The large meta-analysis that included 76,993 patients with COVID-19 found that the pooled prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and diabetes was 16.37%, 12.11%, 7.63%, and 7.87%, respectively 19 (Table 1 ). Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264287-lq4awi0i author = Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title = The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1766 sentences = 107 flesch = 36 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health‐care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon‐skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. 18 We emphasize that treatment decisions should be individualized, and made jointly between the patient, family, and health-care provider, considering any geographic or institution specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. Comprehensive standard of care for patients with DBMD and other muscular dystrophies includes periodic assessments to monitor pulmonary, cardiac, and bone health, as well as side effects from medications or treatments. 24 Due to the uncertain benefits, and the potential risks to skeletal and cardiac muscle, hydroxychloroquine is not recommended for patients with DBMD. The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264560-hxvadp24 author = Liu, Jui-Yao title = Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4333 sentences = 236 flesch = 60 summary = The Taiwanese authorities have made efforts to contain the importation of the disease by issuing travel advisories and implementing flight bans, entry restrictions, airport screening, home quarantining of travellers from high-risk areas, isolation of confirmed cases, and thorough contact tracing [11] [12] [13] . Travellers entering Taiwan with fever or respiratory symptoms must have oropharyngeal specimens collected for COVID-19 testing and are subject to home quarantining for 14 days, as are travellers from areas where the disease is epidemic. Of the imported cases, 32.7% were identified in airport screening, 27.7% during home quarantine, 16.2% through contact tracing, and 23.4% sought medical attention themselves and were reported by the hospitals (Table 3 ). Proactive border control measures to contain the importation of COVID-19 via airport screening, quarantining of travellers from epidemic areas, and thorough contact tracing are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease. cache = ./cache/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264510-3wdquuzy author = Li, Meng title = Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19 date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2074 sentences = 111 flesch = 49 summary = According to the literature, the typical findings of chest CT images of individuals with COVID-19 are multifocal bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities (GGOs) or consolidation with interlobular septal and vascular thickening, mostly in the peripheral fields of the lungs. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Chest CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections from Wuhan, China: key points for the radiologist Evolution of CT manifestations in a patient recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264462-4vfk99f5 author = Piscoya, A. title = Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 240 flesch = 57 summary = Methods: Systematic review in five engines, pre-print webpages and RCT registries until May 22, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating remdesivir on confirmed, COVID-19 adults with pneumonia and/or respiratory insufficiency. We performed a systematic review of RCTs and observational studies (cohort studies, case series) evaluating the effects of remdesivir in adult hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed patients. In adult, hospitalized, RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia, there was scarce data on efficacy and safety associated with the use of 10-day remdesivir regimens. 6 There is paucity of adequately powered and fully reported RCTs evaluating efficacy and harms of remdesivir use in adult, hospitalized, severely-ill COVID-19 patients. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Remdesivir in Adult Patients with Severe Pneumonia caused by COVID-19 virus Infection: study protocol for a Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicentre trial cache = ./cache/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264578-hwq1k866 author = Jiang, Ying title = The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2676 sentences = 156 flesch = 52 summary = title: The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China We collected the daily COVID-19 death number, air quality index (AQI), ambient air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological variables data of Wuhan between Jan 25 and April 7, 2020. Previous multi-city studies in Europe showed that ambient air pollution has larger association with respiratory causes of death than other diseases (Atkinson et al. In the current study, the authors aim to explore the potential association between COVID-19 deaths and air pollutants as well as meteorological variables. (2020a) further concluded that PM 10 could increase the case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with mild to severe disease Fig. 1 The association between daily air quality index (AQI) and death number of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. Future studies should explore the association between ambient air pollutants/meteorological variables with COVID-19 death cases with detailed clinical data from multiple regions. cache = ./cache/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264412-2dwk06yd author = Dallavalle, Gianfranco title = Migraine Symptoms Improvement During the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Cohort of Children and Adolescents date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3316 sentences = 175 flesch = 43 summary = As the COVID-19 emergency may have affected the levels of stress perceived by children and adolescents with migraine, the present study was aimed to understand the effect of COVID-19 emergency on symptoms intensity and frequency in pediatric patients. As the COVID-19 emergency may have affected the levels of stress perceived by children and adolescents with migraine, the present study was aimed to understand the effect of COVID-19 emergency on symptoms intensity and frequency in pediatric patients. Discussion: A significant reduction of migraine symptoms intensity and frequency was observed in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. Discussion: A significant reduction of migraine symptoms intensity and frequency was observed in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. This study highlighted a significant reduction of the intensity and frequency of migraine symptoms in the present cohort of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. cache = ./cache/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author = Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title = COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author's experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . cache = ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264266-6xvj9zey author = Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title = COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3845 sentences = 175 flesch = 46 summary = Apart from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which caused severe respiratory diseases following outbreaks in 2003 and 2012, there are four endemic human corona viruses, HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1 in populations that are responsible for various types of respiratory illness which are generally self-limiting in young and immunecompetent persons [8] . It can be assumed that some degrees of sequence homology or conformational similarities among the structural proteins, especially the S protein, of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic corona viruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1) may result in cross-reactive immunity (circulating antibodies or primed T-cells) in persons with prior exposure to the latter viruses, and this may modulate the course and outcome of COVID-19. Thus, the possibility of a protective cross-immunity in the Indian population against COVID-19 cannot be ignored in explaining a rather mild effect of the current coronavirus pandemic in India in comparison to that in Europe and the USA. Therefore, cross-reactive antibodies generated as a result of infections from other human corona viruses may have a protective role in a population affected by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264673-67zopf7s author = Shi, Hongbo title = The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3359 sentences = 209 flesch = 55 summary = The count and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in critical patients compared to common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The absolute lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was remarkably decreased compared with normal controls (Fig. 1a) . In addition, the percentage of lymphocyte in white blood cells (WBC) decreased in turn in common, severe, and critical patients, and the differences among them were statistically significant (Fig. 1d) . In addition, the expression of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγc in common, severe, and critical patients was significantly lower than that in normal Table 1 Clinical categorization of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia by National Health Commission of China. The most significant finding of this study was the low level of IL-2 in plasma and low expression of IL-2R in PBMC of critical patients, which may result in the remarkable decrease of CD8 + T cell and lymphocytes in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264642-veqyvtn4 author = Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Daniel title = The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in smoking behavior: Evidence from a nationwide survey in the UK date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1917 sentences = 105 flesch = 51 summary = Thus, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence of the changes in smoking behavior among British smokers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the impact of psychosocial factors on these behaviors. Pearson's χ(2) test revealed significant differences between different smoking behavior groups in their concerns about mental health (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and stress (p<0.001), state of low mood (p=0.012), in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score (p=0.018) and ranking on the Cantril Ladder scale (p<0.001). During this unprecedented crisis, recent studies have highlighted the psychological and behavioral effects of COVID-19, including widespread mental disorders such as anxiety or depression 2 , and changes in tobacco use patterns 3 . In this context, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence of the changes in smoking behavior among British smokers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and, more importantly, understand how demographic and psychosocial factors impact these behaviors. cache = ./cache/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264697-b3wd6gww author = Ma, Xiaoxu title = Characteristic of 523 COVID-19 in Henan Province and a Death Prediction Model date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4484 sentences = 218 flesch = 52 summary = This study was conducted to delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) of different degree and establish a death prediction model. In this multi-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 523 COVID-19 cases discharged before February 20, 2020 in Henan Province, China, compared clinical data, screened for high-risk fatal factors, built a death prediction model and validated the model in 429 mild cases, six fatal cases discharged after February 16, 2020 from Henan and 14 cases from Wuhan. In this study, we collected data of 523 discharged cases of novel coronavirus infection in Henan Province, China and compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory test, imaging between the mild, severe survivors and nonsurvivors. In considering age is among leading risk factors for poor prognosis in several studies (3, 6, 7, (9) (10) (11) , we firstly constructed models by using single age, which could achieve and AUC of 0.907 (95% CI 0.831-0.983) for death and alive severe COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264647-9r443j3l author = Talamonti, G. title = Spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2920 sentences = 192 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: To report the peculiarity of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients, as we have observed an unusually high number of these patients following the outbreak of SARS-Corona Virus-2. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical documentation of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with primary spinal epidural abscess that we surgically managed over a 2-month period. A primary abscess represents the rarest form of spinal epidural abscess, which is usually secondary to invasive procedures or spread from adjacent infective sites, such as spondylodiscitis, generally occurring in patients with diabetes, obesity, cancer, or other chronic diseases. To our knowledge, cases of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients have not been reported to date. During the last three months, six patients with SARS-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-COV-2) were referred to us for acute spinal cord syndrome due to primary spinal epidural abscess (SEA) [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264610-kxebc12r author = Chen, Yu title = Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1700 sentences = 98 flesch = 45 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China Since IgG4-RD patients may be susceptible to infections due to the immune-related disease itself and the medications they take, we conducted a study to investigate COVID-19 infection rate in Hubei IgG4-RD patients during the recent outbreak in Hubei province, and to characterize the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients. Therefore, theoretically IgG4-RD patients have a high risk of progressing to severe/critical COVID-19 once infected and thus need to be identified and properly treated as early as possible. In summary, we describe the infection status and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among IgG4-RD patients under the pandemic situation in this study. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in cache = ./cache/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264769-gp2tie7k author = XiangNg, Qin title = A Framework to Deal with Uncertainty in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 745 sentences = 60 flesch = 58 summary = We adapted some of the key elements of the VUCA framework and correspondingly, we see in Figure 1 , that the complexity and uncertainty inherent in the COVID-19 pandemic mandates that governments must face "unknown unknowns". An important lesson we have learned from this evolving pandemic is that the lack of transparency creates further confusion and undermines public trust (Alwan et al., 2020; Tandon, 2020) , and the bureaucratic process should aid and not hinder crisis management. Evidence informing the UK's COVID-19 public health response must be transparent. Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles' Heel of Current Strategies to Control Covid-19 Public health interventions for COVID-19: emerging evidence and implications for an evolving public health crisis COVID19-The need for Public Health in a time of emergency The COVID-19 pandemic personal reflections on editorial responsibility. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264907-y4vefr98 author = Renke, Christine title = Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2658 sentences = 135 flesch = 47 summary = Detroit-area hospitals were tasked with mobilizing institutional resources including personnel, personal protective equipment (PPE) , and the necessary medical supplies required to provide care for the surge of COVID-19 patients. To meet the challenge of the frontline provider deficit, Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs), with experience in the management of acute and critically ill patients, were a valuable resource to the COVID-19 ICU. This group of PNPs, equipped with evolving global and institutional COVID-19 standards of care and adult critical care guidelines, combined with support from adult critical care medicine faculty, provided frontline care to critically ill COVID-19 patients. An initial call for volunteers to staff the COVID-19 ICU was sent to inpatient advanced practice providers (APPs), including NPs, certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and physician assistants (PAs). Following deployment, an email survey was sent to all APPs who worked in the COVID-19 ICU regarding their background, education, usual scope of practice, and overall experience during deployment. cache = ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264651-cqxmpxyq author = Lee, Shawna J. title = Parenting Activities and the Transition to Home-based Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8171 sentences = 424 flesch = 55 summary = During previous global health crises, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza A (H1N1), research documented issues related to school closures such as conflicts between parental work responsibilities and child care needs, lack of effective communication between parents and schools, and a lack of inclusive procedures to provide students access to needed resources and services (Boon et al., 2011; Braunack-Mayer et al., 2013; O'Sullivan et al., 2009 ). To the best of our knowledge, to date there are no national estimates of how many parents were able to use online resources to provide at-home education for their children during the time period examined in the current study (April 2020). We present qualitative analyses using thematic content coding to examine parents' responses to open-ended questions about common daily disruptions, the use of technology for children's education, parents' perceived changes in child behavior, and parents' perceptions of what children need during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264843-cwtdkylo author = Chen, Justin A. title = COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4033 sentences = 237 flesch = 44 summary = Within psychiatry, a sudden relaxing of insurance and regulatory barriers during the month of March 2020 enabled clinicians practicing in a wide range of settings to quickly adopt virtual care in order to provide critical ongoing mental health supports to both existing and new patients struggling with the pandemic's impact. In this article, we briefly review the extensive literature supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry relative to in-person mental health care, and describe how payment and regulatory challenges were the primary barriers preventing more widespread adoption of this treatment modality prior to COVID-19. Finally, we provide clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiatry based on our experience, make a call for advocacy to continue the reduced insurance and regulatory restrictions affecting telepsychiatry even once this public health crisis has passed, and pose research questions that can help guide optimal utilization of telepsychiatry as mainstay or adjunct of outpatient psychiatric treatment now and in the future. cache = ./cache/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264942-9u2k5ctm author = Lusczek, E. R. title = Characterizing COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes and Associated Comorbidities and Complication Profiles date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3278 sentences = 233 flesch = 43 summary = Main outcomes and measures: Phenotype classification (I, II, III), patient characteristics associated with phenotype assignment, in-hospital complications, and clinical outcomes including ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. We selected 30 in-hospital complications measured during each patient s hospital stay for COVID-19 categorized into the following systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, renal, hepatic, metabolic, and infectious (Supplemental Table 4 ). Differences across phenotypes with respect to patient demographics, admission vitals and labs, complications, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes are presented in Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264793-0wvif337 author = Miró, Òscar title = Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S(1) date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2616 sentences = 113 flesch = 40 summary = Analysing data of 63 822 COVID patients attending 50 Spanish emergency department (ED) during the COVID outbreak, before hospitalisation, we report frequencies of (myo)pericarditis (0.71‰), meningoencephalitis (0.25‰), Guillain–Barré syndrome (0.13‰), acute pancreatitis (0.71‰) and spontaneous pneumothorax (0.57‰). Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to estimate the relative frequencies for the five abovementioned manifestations (acute (myo)pericarditis, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute pancreatitis and spontaneous pneumothorax) in COVID patients coming to the ED during the COVID-19 outbreak and compare them with the relative frequencies observed in non-COVID ED comers. As part of the UMC-19 project, the present study (study 1, UMC-19-S 1 ) was designed to determine the individual relative frequency of each of the five following entities in COVID patients (all corresponding to diseases that have been reported to be associated with viral infections, and for which at least one case had been published in patients with COVID-19): acute (myo)pericarditis, acute meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute pancreatitis and spontaneous pneumothorax. cache = ./cache/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264979-pc1s093k author = Zhou, Yan title = Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 971 sentences = 51 flesch = 44 summary = title: Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic Besides, in addition to the COVID-19 itself, the relative shortage of medical resources caused by a surge in the number of coronavirus patients and accompanying economic downturn may also affect the diagnosis and management plan for children with surgical disease. Hence, the treatment plans for pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 outbreak deserve attention. Hence, a priority of treating the COVID-19 and a short delay in surgical treatment (or oncotherapy) may be an optimal option for those infected children without presenting a surgical emergency. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and giving the necessary treatment should be the main treatment principles for treating children with pediatric surgical diseases but without COVID-19. During the outbreak, the impact of insufficient medical resources for pediatric surgical diseases may be greater than the infection itself. Optimal timing of surgical procedures in pediatric patients cache = ./cache/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264563-c3wbie4i author = Karni, N. title = Self-rated smell ability enables highly specific predictors of COVID-19 status: a case control study in Israel date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1458 sentences = 103 flesch = 59 summary = A penalized logistic regression classifier based on 5 symptoms (degree of smell change, muscle ache, lack of appetite, fever, and a negatively contributing sore throat), has 66% sensitivity, 97% specificity and an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (AUC) on a hold-out set. Conclusions: Self-reported quantitative olfactory changes, either alone or combined with other symptoms, provide a specific and powerful tool for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. 71 Earlier studies have already suggested associations between anosmia (loss of smell) 72 and the coronavirus causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV-1. Taste and smell change often, but not always, together: Figure combinations of symptoms established better classifiers than Classifier 1, those using 279 quantitative questions exhibiting better performance than those using binary ones. Using the quantitative smell and taste descriptors resulted in higher AUC's 300 than binary (yes/no) descriptors of these changes. cache = ./cache/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264779-71s7e18i author = Neumann, Natalie R. title = Medical Toxicology and COVID-19: Our Role in a Pandemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1930 sentences = 114 flesch = 42 summary = As medical toxicologists we serve as a fund of knowledge for our healthcare colleagues and the public: we provide physicians with information regarding antidotal therapy, drug-drug interactions, and novel therapeutics. Neumann natalie.neumann@cuanschutz.edu treatment of toxicities born of the use and misuse of approved and alternative therapies is a service our field can readily provide to an otherwise overburdened medical system. Interpreting the nature of end-organ dysfunction as it pertains to therapeutic drug administration and overdose is well within the wheelhouse of medical toxicology and represents both a service our field may provide and a potential research frontier. Lastly, poison centers, historically considered an underutilized source for reporting adverse drug reactions, may be more mindful of tracking and reporting toxicity from novel therapies [26] . Medical experts explain the use and potential adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264957-po7wys3s author = Singh, A. title = Covid-19 Pandemic- Pits and falls of major states of India. date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3736 sentences = 194 flesch = 62 summary = The study finds that although the absolute number of active cases may be rising, however it is showing a decreasing trend with an increase in recovery rates. World Health Organization on January 30 th 2020 declared Novel Coronavirus as Public Health Emergency of International concern and on March 11 th 2020 Covid-19 disease was stated as pandemic based on its spreads severity [3] . A study while analysing the burden of pandemic in India found that Maharashtra having highest number of Covid-19 positive cases is solely responsible for more than one third of cases as on May 17 th 2020 followed by Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare stated on June 12 th that India's doubling rate of Covid-19 cases has increased from 3.4 days when lockdown began (March 25 th ) to 17.4 days currently [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264811-xbeipob9 author = Choi, Yongin title = Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6319 sentences = 321 flesch = 58 summary = This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios. cache = ./cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264919-0jlg2gkc author = Hopp, Marie-Thérèse title = Unravelling the debate on heme effects in COVID-19 infections date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7093 sentences = 366 flesch = 49 summary = On the one hand, we examine the possibility of a direct interaction of heme with select SARS-CoV-2 proteins and specific host cell proteins by applying our webserver HeMoQuest (Paul that is based on experimental data. One of the most promising findings was the prediction of heme-binding motifs (HBMs) in the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We leveraged this multimodal information to hypothesize the pathways that connect key molecules associated with SARS-CoV-2 and heme to phenotypes observed in COVID-19 patients. Here, we have investigated the possibility of a direct interaction of heme with SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins and their human counterparts ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Apart from investigating the direct impact of heme on proteins at the interface of the virus-host cell interaction, we also explored similarities between relevant pathways characterizing the respective pathologies, i.e. labile heme occurrence in hemolytic conditions and COVID-19 disease progression ( Figure 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264814-v4wnmg03 author = Flanagan, Katie L. title = Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15130 sentences = 700 flesch = 44 summary = Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. Comprehensive safety studies are particularly critical because some candidate vaccines use platform technologies that have not been examined extensively in human subjects to date, including some of the viral vectors, mRNA and nanoparticle constructs, and because of the potential for enhanced disease and adverse events related to aberrant immune responses to be seen upon infection pre-and post-licensure. cache = ./cache/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264785-kkd2pyp3 author = Plevinsky, Jill M title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3140 sentences = 125 flesch = 26 summary = Given the prevalence and multi-faceted impact of nonadherence on pediatric health outcomes, the primary goal of this article is to identify and address how circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may affect adherence and self-management among youth with chronic medical conditions. Although the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and its broad impact (both positive and negative) across individual, family, community, and healthcare systems factors impact pediatric adherence and self-management, pediatric psychologists have the expertise to recognize, assess, and address these challenges to promote health outcomes. Youth with chronic medical conditions and their families are resilient, and with support from their medical teams and behavioral health providers, can achieve optimal adherence and self-management despite the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 author = Tuge Deressa, Chernet title = Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: The Case of Ethiopia date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4213 sentences = 225 flesch = 46 summary = Optimal control analysis also showed that, combination of optimal preventive strategies such as public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized cases are effective to significantly decrease the number of COVID-19 cases in different compartments of the model. Since the first case of COVID 19, various mathematicians around the world develop different mathematical models to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus, estimated the basic reproductive number and investigated effects of different intervention strategies via optimal control analysis. Optimal control analysis of the model with three control strategies namely: public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 cases were investigated followed by numerical simulation. In this study, a mathematical model for transmission dynamics of COVID-19 for the case of Ethiopia is developed and its different properties including local stability analysis of the diseases free and endemic equilibrium points have been checked. cache = ./cache/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265052-hfuvm1oh author = Turan, Çağrı title = Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID ‐19 pandemic: What it whispers to us? date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4090 sentences = 237 flesch = 55 summary = Before and after COVID-19, the diagnostic distribution of patients applied to the dermatology outpatient clinics for three periods consisting of 4-weeks was as in Table 2 . Apart from this, the diagnoses of those who applied to the outpatient clinic more than once during this period were as follows in order of frequency: anogenital warts (n = 19/56, 33.9%), verruca vulgaris (59/365, 16.2%), scabies (17/180, 9.4%), psoriasis (11/140,7 .9%), idiopathic generalized pruritus (17/315, 5.4%), urticaria/angioedema (20/394, 5.1%), atopic dermatitis (14/308, 4.5%), bacterial skin/mucosa diseases (10/268, 3.7%), superficial fungal skin/nail infections (15/503, 3.0%). After the COVID-19 pandemic, which rapidly affected the whole world, there were significant changes in the application to outpatient clinics due to reasons such as measures, call to "stay at home", and panic in the community. In our study, we found a significant increase in the frequency of diagnoses such as idiopathic generalized pruritus, pityriasis rosea, alopecia areata, bacterial skin/mucosa diseases, and zona zoster/post-zoster neuralgia after COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264829-ynel6ore author = Momtazmanesh, Sara title = Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7952 sentences = 447 flesch = 48 summary = The aims of this systematic review and meta-analyses were (1) to calculate pooled frequency of newly developed and pre-existing CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac symptoms as the initial presentations of COVID-19, elevation of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, acute hepatic, and renal injury; (2) to investigate association of newly developed and pre-existing CVD (including any acquired cardiac disease, encompassing ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, or congenital heart disease) hypertension, and elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers with severity of the disease and mortality; (3) to define the clinical spectrum and mechanisms of the newly developed cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric and adult population, the spectrum of newly developed arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes and the pathologic findings of cardiac autopsies; and (4) to propose a TRST for timely detection and appropriate pathophysiologically targeted treatment of high-risk COVID-19 patients with associated CVD. cache = ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265082-gjbabh4g author = Xuan, Tian-ming title = Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1980 sentences = 98 flesch = 45 summary = title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 , who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on the clinical characteristics of this case, we propose that the possible mechanism of myocardial infarction here included severe pulmonary infection, imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis subsequent to lung transplantation, changes in blood flow shear stress, and possible cytokine storms, which in combination led to plaque rupture in the LAD artery. In terms of treating acute myocardial infarction, considering that the patient had recent 2019-nCoV infection and bilateral-lung transplantation, we organized multiple rounds of multi-disciplinary discussions and decided that primary coronary intervention rather than thrombolytic therapy was suitable for the patient. In addition to the patient's underlying severe coronary atherosclerosis, factors such as viral infection, inflammatory cytokine storm, hypoxia, blood loss, and bilateral-lung transplantation may contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. cache = ./cache/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264986-glm2qcuz author = Tam, Cheuk Chi title = Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4824 sentences = 236 flesch = 35 summary = title: Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers in China. Guided by an ecological perspective, the current study explored psychological distress among Chinese HIV healthcare providers and examined the roles of COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, and resilience in psychological distress. In addition to institutional support, the protective and mediating role of resilience also highlighted the effects of personal coping abilities on psychological health in Chinese HIV healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, by using an ecological perspective, we identified that institutional support (as interpersonal factor) and resilience (as intrapersonal factor) mitigated the influences of COVID-19 stress on psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers in China. cache = ./cache/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264967-a822exap author = Fu, Yue-qiang title = Impact of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4383 sentences = 276 flesch = 60 summary = Introduction: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with 2019-coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19). Another study also indicated that COVID-19 patients in the death group had significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission than the recovered group [7] , however they did not explore changes in lymphocyte subsets. The following blood parameters in the death group were significantly higher than in the survival group (Table 1) : total leukocyte count (P = 0.000); percentage of . In 53 patients who tested cellular immunity of the survival group after 2 weeks of hospitalization, the count of lymphocyte subsets returned to normal range in most patients (Table 7) . 16.20067587 doi: medRxiv preprint Compared with admission, after 2 weeks of hospitalization the blood routine examination of 67 patients in the group who survived showed neutrophil and lymphocyte count of most patients returned to the normal range. cache = ./cache/cord-264967-a822exap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264967-a822exap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265100-i49m4y0e author = Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah title = The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020 date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1542 sentences = 85 flesch = 62 summary = One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. Four cases have been reported among health workers but only two patients mentioned transmission routes; others had no meaningful relationship with other cases with the only exception of one case who had visited Qom earlier. This has made health centres and hospitals prescribe confirmatory diagnostic tests only for those patients who show severe COVID-19 symptoms. Household members of confirmed cases are recommended to stay at home and without close contact with other healthy household members, and they are regularly followed up by health care workers. These considerations were provided by the epidemiological team of the Arak University of Medical Sciences in order to providing scientific solutions to the provincial authorities to find barriers and problems for local staff to control the epidemic in Delijan. cache = ./cache/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265006-m1dmgcd1 author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Do the meta-analyses provide a clean bill of health to the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19? date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 842 sentences = 56 flesch = 47 summary = In fact, we are aware of the publication of few systematic reviews and metaanalyses [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] which included these observational studies with questionable quality to determine the association between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors use, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and mortality/severity of COVID-19. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers ACEI/ARB use and risk of infection or severity or mortality of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Outcomes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265077-7dh669jv author = Liu, Fang title = Clinico-Radiological Features and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared with Age-Matched Non-Pregnant Women date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4649 sentences = 247 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted to review clinical and CT data of 21 pregnant and 19 age-matched non-pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia did not present typical clinical features, while developing a relatively more severe disease at imaging with a slower recovery course and experiencing similar outcomes compared with the non-pregnant women. Previous studies have described the clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared their outcomes with those of general population. In this case-controlled study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features, serial chest CT findings, and outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing with age-matched non-pregnant women, which are crucial for profiling the disease in the special populations seeking the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely obstetrical management. cache = ./cache/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265022-p5cab562 author = Kotfis, Katarzyna title = COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5426 sentences = 256 flesch = 34 summary = Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many hospitalized patients with COVID-19 will develop delirium, and given early insights into the pathobiology of this virus indicating invasion into the brain stem, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat these critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management may prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). cache = ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265170-yv04ijsm author = Ceccarelli, Giancarlo title = Probiotics and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1124 sentences = 69 flesch = 36 summary = SARS-CoV-2 has been postulated to affect gut inflammation both directly and indirectly, infecting intestinal epithelial cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane protease serine 2, and inducing proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine release. 7 Given this evidence, bacteriotherapy could represent a complementary resource for the prevention and restoration of SARS-CoV-2 intestinal mucosa damage through the modulation of gut microbiota and decreasing related inflammation. In other infections, such as HIV, in which intestinal inflammation and related microbiota impairment can affect gut epithelial barrier function, bacteriotherapy (through microbiota surface compounds and metabolites) to exist between different probiotic bacterial species and strains. 8, 9 We believe that studies of bacteriotherapy in SARS-CoV-2 are needed to evaluate the potential effects on intestinal mucosal inflammation and microbiome homoeostasis. In the absence of a vaccine or effective therapy for COVID-19, we agree that probiotics represent a complementary approach for the prevention and restoration of SARS-CoV-2-induced mucosal damage or inflammation through the modulation of gut microbiota. cache = ./cache/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264976-6n9cdex6 author = Corse, Tanner title = Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6080 sentences = 266 flesch = 41 summary = The high rate of positive outcomes suggests that heart transplant recipients with COVID-19 on immunosuppressants are not at an increased risk of mortality unless the patient develops complications such as ARDS and/or requires ICU care and ventilation. Since the overall 16.9% mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2-infected kidney transplant recipient on immunosuppressants is attributed to death of older (>50 years) patients with comorbidities and/or secondary complications (Table 3) , the 16.9% mortality rate does not seem to be abnormally high because it is in line with the rates reported by others for different COVID-19 patients populations. In another report [72] , Katz-Greenberg et al., described the clinical outcomes of 20 kidney-transplant recipients (ages 30 to 73 years) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2, and showed that only 3 patients (2 males aged 72 and 73 and 1 female aged 63) died, suggesting a 15% mortality that is related to advancing age [72] , which agrees with our review of the published case reports. cache = ./cache/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265053-x70501t3 author = Pourhomayoun, Mohammad title = Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence to Help Medical Decision-Making date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 105 flesch = 48 summary = In the wake of COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we designed and developed a predictive model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning algorithms to determine the health risk and predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19. We used several machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) to predict the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we proposed a data-driven predictive analytics algorithm based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning to determine the health risk and predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19. After preprocessing the data, we use machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive model to classify the data, predict the medical condition, and calculate the probability and risk of mortality. Table 1 demonstrates the prediction accuracy for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19 using 10-fold cross-validation for various machine learning algorithms. cache = ./cache/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265119-j4u4fbba author = Alakwaa, Fadhl M. title = Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 970 sentences = 59 flesch = 58 summary = title: Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. Next, I used the Connectivity Map Linked User Environment (CLUE) platform, which connects to the LINCS database of small-molecule perturbations on gene expression, to identify drugs and compounds that can reverse these upregulated genes (3) . Sixteen out of 17 (93%) drugs belonging to the class of topoisomerase inhibitors have negative scores (S3). I also call for such approaches on COVD-19 targets other than ACE2 to nominate additional candidates for in vitro and in vivo testing, which could accelerate drug discovery for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265111-d44ireu5 author = D’Ardes, Damiano title = Duration of COVID-19: Data from an Italian Cohort and Potential Role for Steroids date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3103 sentences = 148 flesch = 45 summary = A longer duration of COVID-19 with delayed clinical healing (symptom-free) occurred in patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (p < 0.001), a more severe clinical presentation (p = 0.001) and a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.035). All adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 according to World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance: they had clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection through instrumental signs and a positive result on RT-PCR assays of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The specific inclusive criteria were as follows: (1) patients confirmed by positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal/throat swabs by RT-PCR with clinical data suggesting for COVID-19, (2) patients aged more than 18 years old and (3) patients with a known date of performing different RT-PCR assays. Disease severity and lower lymphocyte levels at admission also predict longer SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding. cache = ./cache/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265169-bmwdpzqe author = Co, Christian Oliver C. title = Acute Stroke Care Algorithm in a Private Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Third World Country Experience date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1768 sentences = 97 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: Infection control recommendations, emergency department protocols and stroke response pathways utilized prior to the COVID 19 pandemic within our institution were evaluated by our stroke team in collaboration with the multidisciplinary healthcare services. Our algorithm ensures proper resource management while optimizing acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic in our local setting. For this reason, we have made it a practice that all patients referred to the stroke team are treated as possible or suspected cases of COVID-19 throughout the brain attack pathway until workup results are released. While ongoing telemedicine consultation, the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography) department is pre-alerted as soon as there is a decision for imaging to allow radiology technicians time to don their proper PPEs. Acute stroke patients to undergo imaging will utilize dedicated MRI or CT machines without perfusion studies, solely for use of possible or suspected COVID-19 patients, pending COVID-19 results. cache = ./cache/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265278-wf5pbvvt author = Fishman, Jay A. title = Case 29-2020: A 66-Year-Old Man with Fever and Shortness of Breath after Liver Transplantation date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5266 sentences = 317 flesch = 40 summary = In transplant recipiAfter infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral replication ensues in the respiratory epithelium, followed by viremia and systemic spread to organs by means of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 receptor. 22 Graft rejection and toxic effects from calcineurin inhibitors may be difficult to distinguish from The varied presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection reflects diversity in host immune responses, notably in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Although the use of antiinflammatory drugs (e.g., high-dose glucocorticoids or interleukin-6 receptor antagonists) in solid-organ transplant recipients may have the additional benefit of protecting against rejection among patients who are receiving tapering courses of the immunosuppressive agents, especially when calcineurin inhibitors are discontinued because of severe disease, their efficacy in the context of solidorgan transplantation warrants testing in clinical trials. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cache = ./cache/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264974-hspek930 author = Timmis, Kenneth title = The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7222 sentences = 275 flesch = 35 summary = If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that 'The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. cache = ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265230-ozyx8u64 author = Takahari, Daisuke title = Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5741 sentences = 276 flesch = 42 summary = In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. By contrast, for treating patients with high risk and/or during the pandemic, we must choose between reducing the intensity of chemotherapy (e.g., omission of the 5-FU bolus for CRC, replacement of infusional 5-FU by capecitabine or S-1 for ESCC, gastric cancer (GC), and CRC), delaying treatment, skipping cycles, or stopping (i.e., treatment maintenance phase and salvage chemotherapy with relatively few benefits). As first-line chemotherapy, for patients with high tumor burden or tumor-related signs/symptoms or low risk of COVID-19 infection, combination of fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin (if HER2 is positive, plus trastuzumab) is recommended as a standard regimen [38] . cache = ./cache/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265078-u19e9j2w author = Xie, Jingui title = Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 180 flesch = 56 summary = A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases. RESULTS: The exposure-response curves suggested that the relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases was approximately linear in the range of <3 °C and became flat above 3 °C. To provide useful implications for policymakers and the public, our paper aimed to investigate the relationship between daily mean temperature and newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in 122 cities from China. Therefore, in this study, a GAM with a Gaussian distribution family (Hastie, 2017; Liu et al., 2020) was applied to examine the moving average lag effect (lag0-7, lag0-14, lag0-21) of mean temperature on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19. In this paper, we explored the nonlinear relationship between ambient temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases by using a generalized additive model. cache = ./cache/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265340-hc9003dj author = Merzon, Eugene title = Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3117 sentences = 216 flesch = 50 summary = title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study We hypothesized that the mean plasma level of 25(OH)D would be significantly lower and, accordingly, the rate of suboptimal plasma 25(OH)D would be significantly higher, among persons testing positive for COVID-19 infection, and among persons subsequently hospitalized, in a large population-based data study. The main finding of this study was the low plasma 25(OH)D level association with COVID-19 hospitalization risks, for patients tested positively for COVID-19, after adjusting for age, gender, SES and chronic, mental and physical disorders. To conclude, our study found that suboptimal plasma vitamin D levels may be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection, particularly, for the high hospitalization risks, independent of demographic characteristics and medical conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265293-l9omunq4 author = Schönegger, Carmen Maria title = Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2114 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases Those with objectifiable alteration in taste or smell were subjected to MRI with contrast agent to investigate possible involvement of the central nervous system. We encourage medical professionals to conduct specialized examinations and MRIs in the acute stage of disease, which guarantees an optimum patient care. The study was conducted on five patients reporting impairment of taste and smell with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Tyrol. In case objective testing revealed alterations in taste or smell, patients were subjected to MRI in a timely manner. Three weeks after the first olfactory and gustatory examination, a follow-up testing was conducted with the three patients who also had a second MRI. The first MRI images showed slight alterations in one patient, which could be associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia cache = ./cache/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265309-1su480xi author = Bagdasarian, Natasha title = A safe and efficient, naturally ventilated structure for COVID-19 surge capacity in Singapore date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1214 sentences = 70 flesch = 50 summary = Here, we describe the design and function of a low-cost, naturally ventilated temporary structure to increase EMD capacity during the COVID-19 response in Singapore. A multidisciplinary taskforce was assembled to plan for surge capacity, with the intent to create an "EMD extension," a temporary outdoor facility to manage patients with suspected COVID-19 and relieve the pressure on the existing EMD isolation facilities. This report demonstrates the potential for an adapted structure to provide rapid, safe and effective surge capacity for the triage, screening and management of COVID-19 patients. This report, in conjunction with older studies recognizing the utility of natural ventilation, lends credence to the idea that low-cost, rapidly erected structures (ie, open-air tents, without HEPA filtration units) may be a solution to managing the surge of COVID-19 patients, particularly in low-income countries, or other areas with depleted medical capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265197-kxfj3ziu author = DiMaria, Christina N title = Cognitive Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 88 flesch = 56 summary = In the pandemic of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognizing and creating strategies to minimize these biases is crucial to optimize medical care for our patients. We describe a case of a 68-year-old male with decreased appetite, subjective fears, dry cough, and confusion presenting during the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This case brings into question how we approach medical decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. On review of the case, the presenting symptoms were vague, yet we focused on dry cough and fever to lead us to a diagnosis of COVID-19. Recognition and strategies to prevent cognitive biases, especially during a pandemic, are crucial to optimize medical care for our patients. Although cognitive biases are known contributors to cognitive errors, we still are not sure of all the ways they play into medical decision making during this COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265155-jbvrcjx8 author = Aroniadis, Olga C. title = Current Knowledge and Research Priorities in the Digestive Manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1606 sentences = 85 flesch = 39 summary = Herein we discuss the known digestive manifestations of COVID-19 and their potential implications, important questions that remain unanswered, and what gastroenterologists should know to care for affected patients and contribute to extinguishing the pandemic. This is based on: 1) a high incidence (in some reports) of digestive symptoms among infected patients, 1-4 2) expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors -the viral target for cellular entry -throughout the digestive system, 1,2 3) presence of viral RNA in the stool of infected patients [1] [2] [3] 5 , and 4) prior experience with the 2003 SARS-coronavirus and the 2012 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus, both of which are known to infect and injure the GI tract. Multiple studies have confirmed the presence of SARS-nCoV-2 RNA in the stool of COVID-19 patients, including some who never tested positive in the upper respiratory tract. Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients with Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265178-q7x7ec24 author = Lyócsa, Štefan title = Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3333 sentences = 197 flesch = 60 summary = We show that during this period, fear of the coronavirus – manifested as excess search volume – represents a timely and valuable data source for forecasting stock price variation around the world. The idea of using sentiment or fear to explain stock market volatility is certainly not new; several recent studies have used news, VIX, Twitter posts and other proxies to measure investors' sentiment and fear about the future (e.g., Whaley, 2000; Zhang et al., 2011; Huerta et al., 2011; Smales, 2014 Smales, , 2017 . However, our study is the first to address the predictive power of Google searches on stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that high Google search volumes 35 for COVID-19 predict high stock market volatility in all markets in our sample. The ASV A t is positive for all markets and significant for all markets except South Korea, thus suggesting that when search activity related to corona information increased, price variation in stock markets increased the following day. cache = ./cache/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265172-rn9pkk52 author = Michiwaki, Yuhei title = Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2430 sentences = 149 flesch = 49 summary = title: Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report Conclusions This case report suggests that eCAS for hAIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase can be an effective treatment, along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. This case report suggests that eCAS for hAIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase can be an effective treatment, along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a standard treatment procedure for internal carotid artery stenosis (ICS) 8 ; however, the efficacy and safety of emergent CAS (eCAS) for hyperacute ischemic stroke (hAIS) due to ICS have not been sufficiently established. This case report demonstrates that eCAS for AIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase infusion can be an effective treatment option along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. cache = ./cache/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author = KINI, GANESH title = All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1489 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the "worried well" in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China has engulfed the world in fear [1] World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [2] . Individuals who are worried about infection with the virus may not get adequate care due to disruption of mental health services during the pandemic. Some may develop avoidance behaviour and isolate themselves from family members, avoid revealing their symptoms to others, or even skip medical appointments fearing they might test positive for COVID-19 or be put in quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265290-5txhcr7h author = Siso-Almirall, A. title = PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SPANISH COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CASE SERIES FROM BARCELONA date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1891 sentences = 110 flesch = 56 summary = The best predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age, male sex (OR=2.99; 95%CI=1.55 to 6.01), fever (OR=2.18; 95%CI=1.06 to 4.80), dyspnoea (OR=2.22; 95%CI=1.14 to 4.24), low oxygen saturation (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.34 to 6.42), auscultatory alterations (OR=2.21; 95%CI=1.00 to 5.29), heart disease (OR=4.37; 95%CI=1.68 to 11.13), autoimmune disease (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.41 to 11.10), diabetes (OR=4.00; 95%CI=1.89 to 8.36), hypertension (OR=3.92; 95%CI=2.07 to 7.53), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR=3.56; 95%CI=1.70 to 7.96), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR=3.02; 95%CI=1.30 to 7.68), elevated C-reactive protein (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.47 to 5.97), elevated D-dimer (OR=2.66; 95%CI=1.15 to 6.51) and low platelet count (OR=2.41; 95%CI=1.12 to 5.14). Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265530-hn7fi5cv author = Jansen, Danielle title = Child and adolescent health needs attention now, and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1144 sentences = 57 flesch = 49 summary = A comparison of the seven countries in which the EUPHA Child and Adolescent Public Health section (CAPH) directorate lives and works (Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK) yielded both identical policy responses, such as physical distancing and closing of schools, and differences, such as restrictions on gathering ranging from no gathering allowed (Spain) to more liberal policies allowing for up to 10 people to meet throughout the peak pandemic (Denmark and Finland). Similarly, there were interventions aimed to improve access to care, via providing online consultations (the Netherlands, Spain and Denmark) and helplines for children and adolescents with mental health problems (Denmark, Portugal). We differentiate child and adolescent public health into eight core public health priorities, all most probably affected by the pandemic (Children's Commisioner 2018): (1) injuries, (2) mental health (3) maltreatment, (4) risky behaviors, (5) nutrition in early life and prevention of childhood and adolescent obesity, (6) vaccination uptake, (7) access to health care, and (8) inequity in child development and learning. cache = ./cache/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265346-vygvs1x3 author = MOHAMED, N. A. title = EARLY VIRAL CLEARANCE AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS WHEN GARGLING WITH POVIDONE-IODINE AND ESSENTIAL OILS: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3378 sentences = 225 flesch = 61 summary = Methodology: This pilot, open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. There are studies that have been done reported on the effectiveness of gargling with various solutions as prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infection from as simple as water gargling to the use of povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, green tea and essential oil-based formula (Satomura et al. Therefore, we embarked on this preliminary study to look for the effect of gargling with PVP-I, essential oils, and tap water among COVID-19 patients on viral clearance. This 4-arms preliminary interventional study compared the effect of gargling with 1% PVP-I (Betadine®), essential oils (Listerine® Original) and tap water among Stage 1 COVID-19 patients. This preliminary study showed that regular gargling with 1% PVP-I and essential oils formula have the potential for achieving early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among stage 1 COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265327-k00w7gmk author = Muraca, Maurizio title = Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia? (*) date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4316 sentences = 230 flesch = 40 summary = Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested during the last two decades for the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including acute and chronic lung diseases, both in animal models and in patients. Furthermore, more recently, great interest has been devoted to the possible clinical applications of extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs, nanoparticles that convey much of the biological effects and of the therapeutic efficacy of their cells of origin. A recent report described the possible therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia [13] . Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model Therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute lung injury cache = ./cache/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265598-4h3wx81q author = Hasan, Abdulkarim title = Histopathology Laboratory Paperwork as a Potential Risk of COVID-19 Transmission among the Lab Personnel date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2230 sentences = 121 flesch = 50 summary = Methods We tracked paper-based forms from time of test ordering till the release of the pathology report by calculating the time taken for the papers to reach the lab and the exposure of each staff group to the received papers from both high and moderate COVID-19 risk areas. Conclusion More than 80% of the manual paper request forms will take less than 24 hours to be handled by laboratory personnel; carrying a high potential risk for viral transmission. In this study we focused on defining the major hospital departments that request histopathology (by frequency and percent), measuring the time from handling the paper by clinician staff till handling by laboratory personnel, and comparing the possibility of COVID-19 transmission by paperwork to laboratory personnel, according to their exposure time to these papers. More studies are required to detect stability of the SARS-COV-2 on different surfaces and the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission through papers. cache = ./cache/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265596-o6jdvlya author = Pan, Lei title = Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3561 sentences = 177 flesch = 46 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study However, with the evolution of the pandemic and the accumulation of case data, we are now able to describe the initial clinical presentations of patients with COVID-19; and our experience is revealing that digestive symptoms are very common (10) . In this study, we enrolled patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 3 hospitals in Hubei province and investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with vs without digestive symptoms. The present study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with COVID-19 from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020, in 3 heavily affected hospitals during the initial outbreak in Hubei province, where 83% of cases in China were reported. 3 Digestive symptoms are common in COVID-19 in addition to fever and respiratory symptoms and are reported in nearly half of patients presenting to the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265343-4wfsze80 author = Mhango, Malizgani title = COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2357 sentences = 147 flesch = 53 summary = A rapid review was carried out on 20 April 2020 on Covid-19 risk factors among HWs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost Web (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL with Full Text, APA PsycInfo, Health Source—Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and WHO Global Database. The review included studies conducted among HWs that reported COVID-19 risk factors irrespective of their sample size. The review included studies conducted among HWs that reported COVID-19 risk factors irrespective of their sample size. The reported Covid-19 risk factors among HWs were grouped into five: lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), exposure to infected patients, work overload, poor infection control, and preexisting medical conditions. Our review revealed exposure to infected patients and work overload as two important Covid-19 risk factors among HWs. This corroborates a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that estimated that of the 9282 cases of Covid-19 cases among HWs in the United States of America, 55% had exposure in the healthcare setting [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265328-83p3sjja author = Limcaoco, R. S. G. title = Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3503 sentences = 180 flesch = 56 summary = Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, the researchers decided to do evaluate the current state on the general population with a web-based survey that was considered at this moment a useful and fast method that can help determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265589-mn2wr79n author = buonsenso, d. title = Management of malaria in children under 5-years-old during COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone: a lesson learned? date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2552 sentences = 117 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, we performed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on Malaria programs in a peripheral region of Sierra Leone, previously involved by the Ebola outbreak in 2015, when malaria care have been impaired since local health systems were overwhelmed by Ebola cases. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20225714 doi: medRxiv preprint the routine immunization activities to infants aged 10 weeks to 9 months nationwide free distribution of ITNs given to every household in May 2020, while this campaign has been interrupted during the previous Ebola outbreak systematic malaria diagnostics as part of fever management and measures for early detection and treatment of malaria, including presumptive malaria treatment -Implementation of community-based health workers for social engagement and monitoring of peripheries -Continuation of malaria drug and test supply This experience in a local health center previously involved by the EVD shows how a pro-active approach is necessary in order to keep appropriate care for major killers in Africa, performing proactive screening not only to diagnose COVID-19 but also Malaria. cache = ./cache/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265799-qda5awuc author = Carothers, Chancey title = Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Suspected Remdesivir‐Associated Acute Liver Failure in COVID‐19: A Case Series date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = We report two cases of suspected remdesivirassociated acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with COVID-19 in which the liver failure improved with the addition of continuous infusion acetylcysteine and discontinuation of potentially hepatotoxic medications. 10 The EUA fact sheet provided by the manufacturer states that in the original compassionate use program of remdesivir in patients with severe or critical illness with COVID-19, liver function test abnormalities were reported in 12% of patients with a time to onset from first dose ranging from 1-16 days. One published case report by Leegwater discusses a case of acute liver failure 5 days after initiation of remdesivir in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The use of the novel antiviral remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia may put patients at risk of drug-associated acute liver failure. cache = ./cache/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265372-vytmwmoj author = Shah, Nita H title = Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2646 sentences = 174 flesch = 49 summary = During the initial stages of COVID-19 outbreak, such human transmissions were taking place because, wide-range of public was unaware of these risk factors, and the infected individuals were also not isolated and were spreading the virus unknowingly to other individuals. Moreover, to minimise mortality rate of COVID-19, 3 u control variable is taken which helps to reduce critically infected cases by taking extra medical care of infected individuals. [1] In this section, the COVID-19 model is simulated numerically, wherein the parametric values for simulation are taken from recent pandemic outbreak of coronavirus (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports). Figure 6 (e) shows that mortality rate due to COVID-19 can be reduced effectively within three weeks of outbreak by applying 1 u , 2 u and 3 u control strategies. That means self-quarantine for an exposed individual, isolation of an infected individual and reducing critical cases by taking extra care of infected individuals are effective strategies to control further transmission of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265833-vj5nrip6 author = Coates, P Toby title = The Forgotten Fallen: painful reality of a pandemic date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 394 sentences = 34 flesch = 47 summary = When COVID-19 became a global pandemic, health professionals were particularly concerned of the potential risk it might impose on the most vulnerable groups, including our kidney and kidney pancreas transplant recipients. Emerging data from the US and Europe indicated the risk of early deaths for hospitalised transplant recipients is at least 20% 1 , and these patients experienced more rapid disease progression and lower lymphocyte counts than immunocompetent patients with COVID-19 2 . For those who did not suffer from the direct and devastating impact of the disease, COVID-19 added a layer of complexity including fear, anxiety and apprehension, making it extremely difficult to care for these patients who are immunosuppressive therapy who all presented acute rejection after stopping their medications during the social distancing "stay at home" orders, and the dilemma's faced by these patients are global. COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation. Kidney transplantation trends in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unusually high rates of acute rejection during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Cause for concern? cache = ./cache/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265522-qutjr010 author = Wei, Xiaowei title = Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist's perspective date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 504 sentences = 38 flesch = 42 summary = According to the therapeutic experience of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, timely glucose monitoring and control may improve the prognosis of diabetes patients with coronavirus infection [4] . Therefore, intensive glucose monitoring may be necessary for COVID-19 patients, especially for those who has underlying diabetes, hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose≥7mmol/L) or receiving corticosteroid treatment. Frequent and invasive blood sampling means increased risk of occupational exposure for nurses when closely contacting with COVID-19 patients. An investigation on clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with COVID-19 indicated that close contact (within 1 meter) was the main transmission route under such circumstance [6] . Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) may be an optimized choice for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, given that medical workers could check glucose levels by a scanner for up to 14 days without invasive operations or close contact. Blood glucose is a representative of the clustered indicators of multi-organ injury for predicting mortality of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265813-2onv9mvl author = Criado, Paulo Ricardo title = Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5143 sentences = 262 flesch = 39 summary = RESULTS: The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called "cytokine storm", which leads to worsening and death. Until the present day, the cardinal points in severe COVID-19 are upregulated innate immune human response; hypercoagulable state; polymorphous clinical manifestations, due to pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/ or gastrointestinal tract involvement; and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome-like (MAS) [102] . Excessive activation of inflammatory mediators creating a "cytokine storm", leading to damage to the endothelium; formation of multiple thromboses in the microvasculature of the skin; changes in the cellular component of immunity with activation of the complement system, as well as, the possibility of direct entry of SARS-CoV-2 entry via receptor ACE2 and protease TMPRSS2 in the human endothelial cell in dermal blood vessels cannot be excluded such as possible mechanisms if the possibility of virus circulation in the blood is proved. cache = ./cache/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265779-p2bro1ai author = Hussein, Nawfal R. title = Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2606 sentences = 172 flesch = 58 summary = title: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey At first appearance, surgeons' practices were not considered front-line services within the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, when compared with other specialties including internal medicine, infectious diseases, intensive care physicians. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are a huge shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies, including disposable gloves, gowns, surgical masks, and alcohol-based hand sanitizers in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical practice in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Participants were then asked for specific questions about the use of personal protection, number of surgeries performed during COVID-19, and motivation of the surgeon to work in the management and treatment of COVID-19 patients. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq cache = ./cache/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265890-quacalt5 author = Arauzo-Carod, Josep-Maria title = A first insight about spatial dimension of COVID-19: analysis at municipality level date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2817 sentences = 117 flesch = 47 summary = During previous pandemics, authorities of the most a ected countries, as China, took preventive measures in order to control outbreaks, especially in dense urban areas with extensive public transport systems that could help to spread severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Departing from previous approaches and taking into account the type of data available for the Catalan case, we use global (i.e. Moran's I) and local spatial autocorrelation (LISA) measures, because they allow to identify both general clustering processes as well as local agglomerations in terms of the disease. We have calculated Moran's I on a weekly basis (see Supplementary Table S3 ) and results show that there is no global spatial autocorrelation for the positive cases at local level (no matter if these are measured in absolute terms or relative to local population), except from end June due to the outbreak in Lleida. cache = ./cache/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265610-om510pt7 author = Cervantes‐Arslanian, Anna title = Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1701 sentences = 80 flesch = 38 summary = In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific community has accelerated its process for knowledge synthesis and dissemination at multiple levels, from creating pathways for expedited journal peer review to establishing specialty task forces that curate information most relevant to individual fields of expertise. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific community has made great efforts to accelerate its process for knowledge synthesis and dissemination, including expedited journal peer review, 1 open source platforms for quick review of preprints, 2 removal of paywalls from COVID-19-related publications, 3 specialty article collections, 4 and rapidly produced consensus statements by academic societies. 3 This editorial details our experience creating and disseminating protocols for the management of neurological disorders in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, based on frequent evaluation of available evidence and supplemented by expert opinion. cache = ./cache/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265721-wmz3wywi author = Saini, Kamal S. title = Repurposing anticancer drugs for COVID-19-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1974 sentences = 99 flesch = 35 summary = Three cardinal manifestations of neoplasia, namely inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy are also seen in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a biological rationale for testing selected anticancer drugs for their ability to control the symptoms and/or modify the course of COVID-19. The pharmaceutical industry, contract research organisations (CROs), and academia have spent decades developing drugs for cancer-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy; given that this triad is also seen in patients affected by COVID-19, it is reasonable to consider testing selected anticancer agents in a rational manner against this viral illness. cache = ./cache/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265855-zf52vl11 author = Mayor-Ibarguren, Ander title = A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5324 sentences = 283 flesch = 47 summary = Zinc deficiency may increase ACE-2 receptor activity on type 2 pneumocytes and other cells that are infected by SARS-COV-2, mainly in the lower respiratory tract. Although there are no specific data regarding zinc in this pathway for SARS-CoV-2, zinc may limit infection through upregulation of IFN-alpha production and an increase in its antiviral activity (77, 78) . Thus, patients with IL-6-174 GG polymorphism (C-carriers) may be susceptible to developing a severe infection due to SARS-CoV-2, leading to an increase in IL-6 levels that produce a cytokine storm related to impaired zinc homeostasis. We believe there is enough evidence to further investigate how zinc status or homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of severe illness produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its potential role as an active treatment should be assessed in clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265877-dund6unq author = Yang, Q. title = Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 237 flesch = 52 summary = We extracted data from eligible studies to summarize the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of kidney injury on COVID-19 infection patients and further compared the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the mean differences of three biomarkers between in ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 doi: medRxiv preprint "SARS-CoV-2", "clinical", "laboratory", "kidney", "Acute Kidney Injury", "proteinuria" and "hematuria". To identify the risk factors for critical illnesses of COVID-19 patients, we then analyzed the relevance of the AKI and the three laboratory indexes with the clinical severity through comparing the incidences of AKI and mean differences of those biomarkers between ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 doi: medRxiv preprint Due to the restriction of clinic information and most of the studies did not include in the death cases and the mortality of COVID-19, the association between kidney impairment and COVID-19-induced death was not be analyzed in our meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265506-fxus6n65 author = Westrupp, Elizabeth M. title = Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS): A Longitudinal Study of Australian Parents of a Child 0–18 Years date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6673 sentences = 379 flesch = 54 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: (1) provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the emerging COVID-19 crisis in a close to representative sample of Australian parents and children (0–18 years), (2) identify adults and families most at risk of poor mental health outcomes, and (3) identify factors to target through clinical and public health intervention to reduce risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on parents and children in Australia; identify communities, parents, families, and children most at risk of poor outcomes; and identify potential factors to address in clinical and public health interventions to reduce risk. cache = ./cache/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266070-28a85p50 author = Oberhammer, J. title = Social-distancing effectiveness tracking of the COVID-19 hotspot Stockholm date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3323 sentences = 222 flesch = 50 summary = Methods: A novel distributed-compartmental, time-variant epidemiological model was designed specifically for COVID-19 transmission characteristics, featuring a/pre/symptomatic transmission, a non-linear hospital model, a weakly-coupled sub-model for the care-home population, and parametrized continuous social-distancing functions. Interpretation: The proposed model and methods have proven to analyse a COVID-19 outbreak and to re-construct the social-distancing behaviour with unprecedented accuracy, confirming even minor details indicated by mobility-data analysis, and are applicable to other regions and other emerging infectious diseases of similar transmission characteristics. Modelling is also used to determine key parameters such as population immunity and infection 67 fatality rate (IFR), and to analyse the impact of imposing and revoking social-distancing 68 measures. The SDEF determined for the GP with the advices to the population by FHM, governmental 187 measures, and key events of the outbreak mapped on the timeline, with comparison to Google's 188 mobility data analysis 38 and the Oxford Governmental Stringency Index, 15 is shown in Figure 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266010-ectnfv5z author = Pediconi, Federica title = Breast imaging and cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2737 sentences = 120 flesch = 39 summary = The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) provides recommendations for breast care provision and procedural prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic, being aware that medical decisions must be currently taken balancing patient's individual and community safety: (1) patients having a scheduled or to-be-scheduled appointment for in-depth diagnostic breast imaging or needle biopsy should confirm the appointment or obtain a new one; (2) patients who have suspicious symptoms of breast cancer (in particular: new onset palpable nodule; skin or nipple retraction; orange peel skin; unilateral secretion from the nipple) should request non-deferrable tests at radiology services; (3) asymptomatic women performing annual mammographic follow-up after breast cancer treatment should preferably schedule the appointment within 1 year and 3 months from the previous check, compatibly with the local organizational conditions; (4) asymptomatic women who have not responded to the invitation for screening mammography after the onset of the pandemic or have been informed of the suspension of the screening activity should schedule the check preferably within 3 months from the date of the not performed check, compatibly with local organizational conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265603-3we40x62 author = Casey, M. title = Estimating pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19: a secondary analysis using published data date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4492 sentences = 262 flesch = 47 summary = The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 11, 2020 Here, using secondary analysis of data collated in meta-analysis [33] and a rapid systematic review [34] that are published separately, we apply a standardised methodology to estimate the proportion and timing of pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in a range of different contexts. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 doi: medRxiv preprint 6 Scholar [38] , MedRxiv [39] and BioRxiv [40] with the following keywords: "Novel coronavirus" OR "SARS CoV 2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "COVID-19" AND "serial interval" OR "latent period" OR "incubation period" OR "generation time" OR "infectiousness" OR "pre-symptomatic" OR "asymptomatic"). Based on the estimates reported by our meta-analysis [33] and rapid systematic review [34] , we simulated data for incubation period, serial interval and generation time. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 doi: medRxiv preprint 8 incubation period sample was subtracted from the generation time or serial interval sample to give a resultant distribution indicating transmission time relative to onset of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266051-my2wj1uu author = Sheridan Rains, Luke title = Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6534 sentences = 293 flesch = 42 summary = • Effects on people with mental health problems resulting from infection control measures, including potential impacts of social isolation, and lack of access to usual supports, activities and community resources [8] . We aim to begin addressing this by searching for and summarising relevant material in the public domain early in the pandemic, including accounts published by people with relevant lived experience, practitioners, mental health organisations and policy makers, and also by journalists who have investigated experiences and perspectives of service users, carers and service providers. Our aim was to conduct a document analysis to create an initial mapping and synthesis of reports, from a number of perspectives, on the early impacts of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266088-485m5ped author = Cénat, Jude Mary title = Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1279 sentences = 63 flesch = 52 summary = title: Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care However, programs that address social inequalities and the non-fulfillment of basic needs are urgently needed, both in HIC and in LMICs. Indeed, beyond the fear of the virus or the isolation of confinement, an increasing number of people go to bed hungry and worried about what their family will eat the next day. The WHO's definition of mental health and well-being of individuals includes the fulfillment of basic human needs and rights and recommends interventions that are based on an ecosystemic approach targeting a wide range of social and psychological determinants, including social inequalities, poverty and precariousness. Food, housing and financial insecurities which prevent people from seeking mental health care, even when urgently needed, are a global issue that concern both HIC and LMICs (Cénat 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266020-ngqfwyj4 author = Taito, S. title = Assessment of the Publication Trends of COVID-19 Systematic Reviews and Randomized Controlled Trials date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1343 sentences = 102 flesch = 61 summary = In this study, we clarified the publication trends of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) regarding COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by investigating the number of SRs and RCTs on topics related to COVID-19 practice published in PubMed and medRxiv between January 1 and June 30, 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional study by investigating the number of SRs and RCTs on topics related to COVID-19 practice published in PubMed and medRxiv between January 1 and June 30, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 This is the first report about the publication trends of SRs and RCTs for COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 doi: medRxiv preprint The figure shows the trend in the number of publications of systematic reviews (including systematic reviews and meta-analyses) and randomized controlled trials for COVID-19. Number of medRxiv systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials for COVID-19 (January to June 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265934-wjdxqj8h author = Singh, Amrita K. title = A Review of Telemedicine Applications in Otorhinolaryngology: Considerations During the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4195 sentences = 282 flesch = 40 summary = 21 Recent studies on remote free flap monitoring provide clear examples of how telemedicine can not only expedite care, but also improve patient outcomes. There is a further need for controlled studies comparing telemedicine to in-person assessment of head and neck cancer patients in terms of cost, safety, surveillance adherence, and oncologic outcomes. published clinical practice guidelines for the management of dysphagia in the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting use of telemedicine for triage and remote evaluation. 63 High levels of patient satisfaction were also achieved with smartphone-based follow-up of facial cosmetic surgery and reviewing images remotely. Telemedicine has a wide applicability in pediatric ORL for obtaining patient history and assessing need for common surgeries such as obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent tonsillitis, and recurrent otitis media (Table VII) . Utilization of SAF techniques have already proven useful in head and neck oncology consultations, remote otologic and audiologic evaluation, cochlear implant and hearing aid management, laryngeal ultrasonography, nasolaryngoscopy, as well as CT sinus review. cache = ./cache/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266052-rcuzi70u author = Liu, Lilong title = Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5743 sentences = 275 flesch = 53 summary = As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Another study showed that infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus were successfully isolated from 2 of 3 patients with viral RNA-positive, indicating that infectious virus in feces was a common manifestation of COVID-19 and confirmed the potential of fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission (Xiao et al., 2020b) . Coupled with the fact that villagers usually use untreated excreta as agricultural fertilizer, we believe that the use of pit latrines in rural China and other low-income countries increases the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating the surrounding natural environment and ultimately harms human health. We proposed this hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-COV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts and then become a sustainable source of infection in rural China and other low-income countries. cache = ./cache/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266113-3fp46sov author = Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin title = Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1352 sentences = 88 flesch = 42 summary = Current coronavirus pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak during the current century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses.1 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an immunopathologic event and main cause of death following COVID-19. The main mechanism of ARDS is uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and cytokine storm following release of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interferons (IFN), interleukines (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and chemokines.2-3 So, some Chinese researchers proposed or used anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment regimen of patients with COVID-19.3-4. The current coronavirus pandemic is an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2, 23 Thus, initiating statins in patients with COVID-19 may increase the risk and severity of myopathies and acute kidney injury. cache = ./cache/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266132-i57avso9 author = Kirksey, Lee title = Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1991 sentences = 117 flesch = 44 summary = Viewed holistically, multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of preexisting chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual provider and structural healthcare system bias. 14 Unfortunately, the fact that not all local, state and federal public health agencies are collecting race and ethnic data points will contribute to delays in reaching a complete understanding of the magnitude of this pandemic's impact on Black communities ( Figure 1 ). 21 Viewed holistically multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of pre-existing chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual and structural healthcare system bias. cache = ./cache/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266055-ki4gkoc8 author = Kikkisetti, S. title = Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3433 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = title: Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify COVID-19 lung infections on pCXR from normal and related lung infections to potentially enable more timely and accurate diagnosis. This retrospect study employed deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning to classify based on pCXRs COVID-19 pneumonia (N=455) on pCXR from normal (N=532), bacterial pneumonia (N=492), and non-COVID viral pneumonia (N=552). Deep-learning convolutional neural network with transfer learning accurately classifies COVID-19 on portable chest x-ray against normal, bacterial pneumonia or non-COVID viral pneumonia. The goal of this pilot study is to employ deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify normal, bacterial infection, and non-COVID-19 viral infection (such as influenza) All rights reserved. In conclusion, deep learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID-19 pCXR from pCXR of normal, bacterial pneumonia, and non-COVID viral pneumonia patients in a multiclass model. cache = ./cache/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266031-tlrsco40 author = Haghani, Milad title = Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV literature date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7993 sentences = 356 flesch = 51 summary = To compare the scientometric aspects of the studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19, three separate datasets of publications on these three topics were retrieved from Scopus through three separate search strategies. The decision on which general database to use (e.g. Web of Science (WoS) or Scopus) was mainly made on the basis of the number of indexed Covid-19 studies in particular, as the sector of the coronavirus literature that is currently emerging (compared to the literatures on SARS and MERS that have already stabilised). In this cluster, one can observe terms such as those associated with general public health including "wold health organisation", "public health", "public The map of keyword co-occurrences associated with the Covid-19 literature health service", "global health", as well as those associated with disease outbreaks including "emergency", "health risk" "epidemics", "pandemic", "outbreak", "viral diseases", "virus infection", "communicable disease", "transmission", "travel". cache = ./cache/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266120-bcya8jrs author = D'Ascanio, Luca title = Letter to the editor regarding “corona-steps for tracheotomy in codid-19 patients: a staff-safe method for airway management” date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 821 sentences = 50 flesch = 54 summary = This procedure, as already described by Wei et al, 2 prevents the expired infected air to come out under pressure ("champagne effect") from the patient's lower airways through the tracheostomy site after deflation of the endotracheal tube cuff with a consequent reduction of HCWs' risk of contamination. (3) In order to minimize HCWs' intraoperative time exposure to patients' aerosolized secretions, we connect the tracheostomy cannula with a Halyard closed suction system ® (which is attached to the ventilator at the end of the procedure) before trachea opening and cannula insertion into the trachea (Figure 1) . The time interval between deflation of the endotracheal tube cuff and connection of the cuffed tracheostomy cannula-Halyard closed suction system ® to the ventilator ("air exposure time", AET) is one of the most risky phases 2 for HCWs' contamination since the patient's lower airways are not totally "excluded" (not connected to the ventilator system) from the external environment. cache = ./cache/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266079-nv28ppft author = Dai, Jinghong title = Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2384 sentences = 141 flesch = 41 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. In the following sections, we present two representative confirmed severe COVID-19 cases according to WHO interim guidance [1] who have received corticosteroid treatment during their hospitalization. Clark Russell and his colleagues [4] summarized the available clinical evidence on corticosteroid therapy in severe COVID-19 [5] , Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [6] and influenza [7] against corticosteroid use in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, except in the setting of a clinical trial. Reports showed that the proper use of corticosteroids could reduce the mortality of critically ill SARS patients and shorten their hospital stay without causing secondary infections and other complications [8] . reported that methylprednisolone treatment might be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266118-jjzr4yn3 author = Jing, Zhi-Cheng title = Recommendations from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1212 sentences = 74 flesch = 39 summary = Patients without thrombolytic contraindications should first start intravenous thrombolysis and then transfer to the local designated medical institution of infectious disease for further treatment. Considering the fact that most medical centres do not have professional protected interventional catheterization rooms, and the conflict between time required for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection and early reperfusion for AMI, it is recommended to start emergency intravenous thrombolysis for STEMI patients if COVID-19 cannot be excluded in a short time. Patients excluded from COVID-19 should be transferred immediately to the cardiac catheterization room for emergency coronary interventional therapy, and patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be transferred to the local designated medical institution for infectious diseases. b. If COVID-19 can be excluded by the infectious disease specialist according to chest CT, it is recommended to choose a treatment strategy according to the risk stratification of NSTE-ACS: intervention or medication. cache = ./cache/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265899-skpkuzyu author = Pryzdial, Edward L. G. title = Antiviral anticoagulation date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5658 sentences = 354 flesch = 36 summary = 129 Although known as the cold sore virus and typically not life threatening, there are numerous correlations between HSV1 and other members of the herpesvirus family to cardiovascular disease, 130, 131 suggesting links to TF: (i) HSV1 seropositivity is associated with a 2-fold increase in myocardial infarction incidence and death due to coronary heart disease 113 ; (ii) fibrin deposits in the microvasculature are linked to HSV1 infection 132, 133 ; (iii) DIC in neonates may occur during severe HSV1 infection 134 ; (iv) HSV2 is linked to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke due to DIC 107, 135 ; (v) a history of CMV infection is linked to subclinical and clinical arterial thickening [136] [137] [138] ; (vi) CMV is strongly correlated to accelerated atherosclerosis in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients [139] [140] [141] [142] ; and (vii) CMV infection is a strong risk factor for restenosis after angioplasty. cache = ./cache/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266145-xnu8pj24 author = Ahmed, Mohammed A. M. title = COVID-19 in Somalia: Adherence to Preventive Measures and Evolution of the Disease Burden date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3288 sentences = 149 flesch = 48 summary = A composite adherence score was made based on the respondent's self-reported observance of the following personal preventive measures: physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, coughing hygiene, and the habit of touching one's face (Table 1) . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia, the participants reported low to moderate levels of worry/fear about their own health, with mean Likert scores on a five-point scale of 2.3 ± 1.6 and 1.9 ± 1.3 during the first and second survey, respectively (p < 0.001). This study shows an overall unsatisfactory level of adherence by Somali residents to the preventive measures put in place by the government to control COVID-19 transmission. The lower adherence scores during the second survey, compared to the first, indicates that compliance to government measures is decreasing as the COVID-19 epidemic evolves in Somalia. cache = ./cache/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266238-922ncaay author = Xiang, Mi title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 439 sentences = 35 flesch = 50 summary = title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected It is well-known that reduced PA and prolonged SB are linked to both negative physical and mental health outcomes, 2 such as loss of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, weight gain, 3 psychosocial problems, 4 and even poor academic achievements. 9 Therefore, governments, schools, professionals for health and exercise, and parents need to be aware of the severe situation and implement more effective interventions for PA immediately to minimize the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's and adolescents' health. Physical activity and sedentary time in relation to academic achievement in children Global recommendations on physical activity for health Global trends in insufficient physical Journal Pre-proof adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? cache = ./cache/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266214-l8pmhcd5 author = Wang, Xiaogang title = Management Strategies for Patients After CABG Surgery in the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2640 sentences = 141 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSION: The management strategy here we proposed could improve the outcome of patients after CABG during the pandemic and benefit both cardiovascular patients and health-care workers. According to the data reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, elderly patients with preexisting medical comorbidities are prone to severe illness and death after infection, which places the patients recovering from CABG surgery at a higher of infection. It is reported that in the over 40,000 confirmed cases, the casefatality rate of patients with CVD, diabetes, or hypertension is notably higher than average, which indicates the control of blood glucose (BG) and blood pressure (BP) playing a significant role in the prevention and outcome of COVID-19 infection for patients after CABG. Self-monitoring of COVID-19-related symptoms, including cough, fever, and dyspnea, is recommended for cardiovascular health-care workers, and a SARS-CoV-2 virus test should be considered when any kind of suspected exposure to infection occurs. cache = ./cache/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266183-uzuda3ir author = Renieris, Georgios title = Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2204 sentences = 143 flesch = 49 summary = In light of these observations suggesting a pivotal role of H2S in the pathogenesis of Covid-19, we studied the serum levels of H2S and its association with final outcome in a cohort of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. Due to the described anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesize that elevated levels of H2S in serum are associated with a favourable outcome of Covid-19 pneumonia. Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) (9); (iii) absolute blood cell counts and biochemistry on admission and follow-up; and 28-day survival. Following ROC curve analysis, it was found that serum levels of H2S on day 1 lower than 150.44μΜ had the best trade-off for sensitivity and specificity for death (Figure 3Aand B ). Forward stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that serum H2S on day 1 above 150.44μM is an independent protective factor for unfavourable outcome of COVID-19 even in the presence of severity scores (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266220-78g951x4 author = Palazzani, Laura title = The pandemic and the ethical dilemma of limited resources: who to treat? date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3585 sentences = 134 flesch = 44 summary = This article examines classical bioethical theories that are reappearing in the discussion today – with different levels of intensity, or in different formulations – and this, in the light of the most important international and national ethical guidelines and recommendations on the distribution of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee (IBC) also expressed its opinion in this direction, which together with the World Commission for the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technologies (COMEST) with the document Statement on Covid-19: Ethical Considerations from a Global Perspective (UNESCO, 2020), which affirmed a position against the notion of 'herd immunity', believing that it "needs a cautious ethical review, considering the impact on the number of lives exposed to threats and unsustainable medical conditions given the lack of availability of intensive care facilities even in developed countries. cache = ./cache/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266150-wox7pnkr author = Torres, Juan Pablo title = SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4202 sentences = 222 flesch = 53 summary = Once these forms were signed, a copy was emailed to participants for their records and they were directed to a secure survey that i) asked basic demographic questions, ii) requested information on any previous RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and potential contact with any Covid-19 positive cases, and iii) asked about symptoms experienced since the outbreak (date and duration in days of each symptom). Among students, antibody positive children were younger, had a higher PCR positivity rate (in those who underwent PCR testing during the outbreak), and were more likely to self-report contact with one or more confirmed cases, as compared to seronegative children ( Table 2 ). Overall, PCR testing and contact history was significantly higher in staff compared to students, which in addition to the higher antibody positivity observed in this study, support the more significant role of adults within the outbreak, in proportion to the overall population. cache = ./cache/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266234-lg866rnt author = Adrogué, A. H. title = A kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: utility of a prognostication score date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2113 sentences = 130 flesch = 57 summary = We present our experience with the use of a diagnostic score, developed for rHLH, in a kidney transplant recipient hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion Since this is only a single case, we plan to retrospectively review a series of patients to validate our initial experience: that a low H-Score may correlate with a milder hospital course in kidney transplant patients with COVID-19. While a growing number of case reports have been published describing infections in solid organ transplant recipients, few have explored formulas to predict the hospital course of this high risk patient group. Since outcomes have ranged from mild infection 1 to death due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine release storm (CRS), in the severe COVID-19 cases 2 we explored the utility of a risk stratification score which could help predict outcomes in these patients. Standard admission laboratory tests and clinical features of patients suspected of COVID-19 provide the majority of variables needed to calculate the H-Score. cache = ./cache/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266175-4jyltfus author = Brendish, Nathan J title = Clinical impact of molecular point-of-care testing for suspected COVID-19 in hospital (COV-19POC): a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5468 sentences = 243 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: We did a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study of molecular point-of-care testing in patients aged 18 years or older presenting with suspected COVID-19 to the emergency department or other acute areas of Southampton General Hospital during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. [5] [6] [7] [8] The aim of this trial was to assess the clinical impact and real-world diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing using the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in adults presenting with suspected COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. This prospective, non-randomised, controlled trial of routine point-of-care testing for COVID-19 in hospital shows the feasibility of point-of-care testing with the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel, and shows clinical benefits across a range of outcome measures including time to results, infection control measures, and recruitment into clinical trials compared with a control group tested by centralised laboratory PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266257-hp11at50 author = Zhang, Yao title = Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5413 sentences = 261 flesch = 47 summary = The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266242-d4fo3lsn author = Ostapenko, A. title = Impacts on Surgery Resident Education at a first wave COVID-19 epicenter date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3083 sentences = 198 flesch = 46 summary = Background: This study aims to identify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical resident training and education at Danbury Hospital. Methods: We conducted an observational study at a Western Connecticut hospital heavily affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess its effects on surgical residents, focusing on surgical education, clinical experience, and operative skills development. However, the consequent opportunity cost was to surgery-specific training; there was a significant decrease in operative cases and time spent in surgical didactics, along with elevated concern about overall preparedness for their intended career. 16.20176073 doi: medRxiv preprint For clinical experience, we compared the number of duty hours logged by residents during the period of interest with the same time in 2019, and calculated a gross difference and percent change. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.16.20176073 doi: medRxiv preprint affect residency programs across the country with changes to clinical work, didactics, and operative experience of surgical residents. cache = ./cache/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266209-gvvc8wqe author = Xiao, Lu-shan title = Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Model Using Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Disease Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5458 sentences = 288 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSION: Our deep learning-based model can accurately predict disease severity as well as disease progression in COVID-19 patients using CT imaging, offering promise for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, we established and verified a multiple instance deep learning model using CT imaging to predict disease severity and the risk of future development of severe COVID-19. This study included patients from the People's Hospital of Honghu and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, who met the following selection criteria: (1) confirmed case of COVID-19 with positive tests for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and compliance with the guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)(National Health Commission, 2020) developed by the Chinese National Health Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; (2) availability of initial lung CT imaging on admission. cache = ./cache/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266160-464v4g8o author = Bajaj, Jasmohan S title = Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3689 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = COVID-19 and cirrhosis characteristics, development of organ failures and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and mortality (inpatient death+hospice) were compared. Patients with cirrhosis alone had higher cirrhosis-related complications, maximum model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and lower BiPAP/ventilation requirement compared with patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19, but CCI and ACLF rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicentre North American contemporaneously enrolled study, age/gender-matched patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 had similar mortality compared with patients with cirrhosis alone but higher than patients with COVID-19 alone. Cirrhosis-alone patients had higher rates of grade III/IV HE, developed a higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and required more endoscopic procedures, including variceal banding, and large-volume paracentesis, than the cirrhosis+COVID-19 group. We conclude in this multicentre study that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the setting of cirrhosis have an inpatient mortality rate that is similar to that of patients admitted due to cirrhosis alone but higher than those admitted with COVID-19 without cirrhosis. cache = ./cache/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266313-b518n9dx author = Cao, Yu-chen title = Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5542 sentences = 262 flesch = 48 summary = China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). When we set our sights on the broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we found that a drug unlisted, remdesivir, has demonstrated strength in trials related to MERS-CoV and Ebola virus infection. This article starts from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of infection of the SARS-CoV-2, and then analyzes the feasibility of conducting trials and putting into clinical use of COVID-19 from the pharmacological characteristics and successful cases of remdesivir. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleoside analogues drug (Fig. 3B ) with extensive antiviral activity and effective treatment of lethal Ebola and Nipah virus infections in nonhuman primates [21] . The need of treatment on COVID-19 is urgent, so if the results of clinical trials prove it has the potential to benefit the treatment, according to China's "Compassionate Use", remdesivir will be more immediately used in patients with severe illness. cache = ./cache/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266293-lqag2p3u author = González-Olmo, María José title = Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3638 sentences = 185 flesch = 53 summary = The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing. The structured questionnaire (included as supplementary file) consisted of questions covering several areas: (1) sociodemographic data (age, gender and educational level), (2) cross transmission to another person living in the same home and sharing a bathroom, with a response format carried out via a dichotomous question (yes = 1/ no = 0), (3) oral hygiene habits during confinement (brushing 2 or more times per day, flossing once per day, mouth rinsing once per day, brushing tongue once per day). cache = ./cache/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266307-w56rii2p author = Acheampong, Desmond Omane title = Male Predisposition to Severe COVID-19: Review of Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Prospects date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8837 sentences = 467 flesch = 46 summary = The sex hormones, estrogens and androgens which exist in varying functional levels respectively in females and males are cited as the underlying cause for the differential immune response to COVID-19. In this review efforts are made to expand understanding and explain the possible roles of the immune system, the sex hormones and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) systems in male bias to severe COVID-19. Hence, females known for producing high-level estrogen will be better protected against infections including COVID-19 compared to their male counterparts. Hence, women are better protected against viral infections and for that matter the severe COVID-19 due to the over-expression of TLR7 in females compared to their male counterparts. This explains J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f why prolong inflammation is very common in males infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to females, and could be one of the factors that promote severe COVID-19 in men. cache = ./cache/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266324-uvsmbrbf author = Zhang, Hu title = Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2336 sentences = 131 flesch = 48 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases A cohort study of 140 COVID-19 patients showed that gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 39.6% of the patients, including nausea (17.3%), diarrhoea (12.9%) and vomiting (5.0%) [4] . Therefore, we determined that a retrospective analysis of cases might be useful for clinicians to identify the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study, red and white blood cells were not identified in the faeces of patients who experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, a finding characteristic of viral infections. Second, this study was the lack of the result of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the stool of COVID-19 patients, so we did not determine the hypothesis that the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms may be related to the presence of viral replication in stool. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266429-0xaz8kbs author = Bader, Feras title = Heart failure and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5003 sentences = 223 flesch = 37 summary = A more recent large global observational study that included 169 hospitals from three continents and close to 9000 patients found coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure (mortality of 15.3%, vs. Pressure guide, physician-directed, patient self-management has been previously shown to not only reduce heart failure related hospitalizations but also lead to higher frequency of medication adjustments including neurohormonal antagonists [59] . When infected by the virus, immunosuppression may influence the typical clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients who are also heart transplant recipients, resulting in unusual symptoms such as gastrointestinal manifestations [65] . Reported cases from a European transplantation center showed that solid organ recipients with COVID-19 had a more severe clinical course and high complications rates when compared with the general populations [65] . Considerations for heart failure care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266392-bayabroa author = Brenner, Erica J. title = BENIGN EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV2 INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM TWO INTERNATIONAL DATABASES date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1244 sentences = 82 flesch = 46 summary = 2 Since highest ACE2 expression is in the terminal ileum and colon, further upregulated during inflammation, and many COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms, longitudinal data are necessary determine whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients are at risk for severe or complicated COVID-19. A recent analysis in IBD patients from the SECURE-IBD registry revealed older age, steroid medication and comorbidities as risk factors for severe evolution, while the same study showed that the 29 IBD patients less 20 years had only mild disease courses. Factors associated with hospitalization included comorbid conditions other than IBD (50% hospitalized vs 12% not; p value <0.01), moderate/severe IBD disease activity (64% vs 15%; p value <0.01 overall), gastrointestinal symptoms (71% vs 19%, p value <0.01), sulfasalazine/mesalamine use (57% vs 21%; p value 0.01), and steroid use (29% vs 8%, p value 0.03). The six-year-old colitis patient requiring ICU care in this series is in line with the recent reports of multi-systemic inflammatory (Kawasaki-like) syndrome temporarily related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. cache = ./cache/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author = Ying, Wang title = Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2593 sentences = 154 flesch = 44 summary = According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. 4 The Pharmaceutical Department of THJU has carried out a series of work in terms of drug supply and pharmaceutical service, which has provided effective support for prevention, control and treatments of COVID-19. By implementing the man-management guarantee practice, the pharmacology department of THJU has resolve the problem of insufficient medical staff, ensuring the physical and mental health of pharmacists and deepen understanding COVID -19 prevention and control plans. cache = ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266377-3krv9ekb author = Nakayachi, Kazuya title = Why Do Japanese People Use Masks Against COVID-19, Even Though Masks Are Unlikely to Offer Protection From Infection? date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2525 sentences = 141 flesch = 49 summary = In our survey, we examined six possible psychological reasons for wearing masks: three involved individuals' perception of the severity of the disease and the efficacy of masks in reducing the infection risks both for themselves and for others; the remaining three involved other psychological driving forces. By contrast, frequency of mask usage depended much less on the participants' perceived severity of the disease and the efficacy of masks in reducing infection risk both for themselves and for others. Even though the expectation of risk reduction (personal or collective) explained only small portion of mask usage, motivations superficially irrelevant to disease mitigation strongly promoted mask-wearing behavior; conformity to the social norm was the most prominent driving force for wearing masks. Despite these limitations, this study has empirically revealed that the expectation of risk reduction does not greatly promote mask-wearing countermeasures against COVID-19, suggesting that the nudge approach (i.e., taking advantage of people's conformity) may be more promising. cache = ./cache/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266283-xnzdkxm3 author = Wakfie-Corieh, Cristina Gamila title = Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4503 sentences = 231 flesch = 45 summary = title: Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies We evaluated the extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through (18)F-FDG PET-CT. RESULTS: A total of 23 (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans with pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of COVID-19 and available laboratory data were included: 14 positive (cases) and 9 negative (controls) for COVID-19 infection, representing a low prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia (1.3%). CONCLUSION: In cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia, (18)F-FDG PET-CT findings are more frequently limited to thoracic structures, suggesting that an early and silent distant involvement is very rare. This research was aimed to evaluate the extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia derived to 18 F-FDG PET-CT. The 18 F-FDG uptake related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is more often limited to thoracic structures, suggesting that an early and silent extra-thoracic involvement is very rare in cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266463-ci0g1dno author = Lopes, Renato D. title = Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5179 sentences = 280 flesch = 47 summary = title: Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Secondary outcomes include progression of COVID-19 disease, all-cause mortality, death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, new or worsening heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure, hemodynamic decompensation, sepsis, renal failure, troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal-pro hormone and D-dimer levels. The secondary objectives are to compare the impact of continued use versus discontinuation of reninangiotensin system inhibition on COVID-19 disease severity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, new or worsening heart failure, hypertensive crisis, transient ischemic attack, and stroke at 30 days. Patients ≥18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who are on chronic renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (ACEI/ARB) therapy will be assessed for the BRACE CORONA trial. cache = ./cache/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266466-5sgfx7oq author = Mansour, Amani title = First Case of an Infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1504 sentences = 97 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we report the case of a 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon who presented with fever and severe diarrhea and tested positive for COVID-19. Her RT-PCR test was negative after five days of treatment, suggesting that children can clear the virus faster than adults. Most severe illness occurs in older adults but comparison with the pediatric population can be challenging as documented cases in infants and children have been scarce [3, 4] . On day 5, the RT-PCR test of the infant was negative, and the patient's symptoms had resolved. Uniquely, our patient presented with fever and diarrhea; cough and other respiratory symptoms were not reported. Similarly, previous research in children indicates that the RT-PCR test becomes negative within 12 days (range: 6-22) after the presentation of symptoms [6] . This is the first case reported from the Middle East on an infant presenting with fever and diarrhea that tested positive for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266440-69l9c3my author = Rochwerg, Bram title = Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3419 sentences = 158 flesch = 38 summary = This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. Major contributors to research delays include competing interests of investigators, regulatory barriers, time taken for protocol development, ethics approval, peer review and delays related to the publication process. Given the rapidity of new research data associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the next question for bedside practitioners becomes which data are of sufficient quality and trustworthiness that it should inform clinical practice ( Table 1) . Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. cache = ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266549-g8060w8v author = Gkentzi, Despoina title = Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1415 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = This report underscores the lack of major differences in the clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other types of CoV or influenza infections among infants despite limited clinical features reported. S. pneumoniae was codetected in the CoV-infected infants who died in Pneumo-study while bacterial co-detection was not reported by Wei et al. The incidence of COVID-19 in infants less than 1-year-old is currently low, but studies are needed to describe the clinical features, prognosis and impact of infected infants on the COVID-19 spread. Two recent reports from China suggest that in utero infection could be possible based on the measurement of IgM levels in neonates shortly after birth but no further confirmation of this with a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. 4 To show the causality between the BCG vaccine and the severity of COVID-19, we have to confirm the following Bradford Hill criteria: specificity, temporality, reversibility, and experiment. cache = ./cache/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266303-6igk5jmn author = Yang, Xiaopeng title = Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3326 sentences = 227 flesch = 53 summary = Purpose Reported rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) have varied significantly among studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) published to date. One retrospective analysis of 536 SARS patients found that while acute kidney injury (AKI) was uncommon among these patients (36 cases), its incidence was associated with a 91.7% mortality rate [6] . The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published as of 25 July 2020, without any language restrictions, using the following search terms: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "SARA-CoV-2", "novel coronavirus" "Acute Kidney Injury", and "Acute Renal Failure". This meta-analysis also reported the rates of AKI (38.9%) and RRT use (15.6%) among kidney transplant patients. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single-center retrospective observational study. Risk Factors and Mortality Outcome in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: A Single-Center Observational Study cache = ./cache/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266456-10tjzqep author = Sadeghipour, Parham title = Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian“247” National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1438 sentences = 102 flesch = 47 summary = title: Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian"247" National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention Such safety concerns, along with the acceptable mortality benefit of the new generation of fibrinolytic agents, have placed thrombolytic therapy as a potential first choice on several occasions during the outbreak. Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care in Hong Kong The management of antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients with thrombocytopenia: a clinical conundrum Management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Iranian"247" National Committee's position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention cache = ./cache/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266394-ehh61x5c author = Katsoulis, M. title = Obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic: cause of high risk or an effect of lockdown? A population-based electronic health record analysis in 1 958 184 individuals. date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3883 sentences = 184 flesch = 51 summary = Methods: In population-based electronic health records for 1 958 638 individuals in England, we estimated 1-year mortality risk('direct' and 'indirect' effects) for obese individuals, incorporating: (i)pre-COVID-19 risk by age, sex and comorbidities, (ii)population infection rate, and (iii)relative impact on mortality(relative risk, RR: 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0). Using causal inference models, we estimated impact of change in body-mass index(BMI) and physical activity during 3-month lockdown on 1-year incidence for high-risk conditions(cardiovascular diseases, CVD; diabetes; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD and chronic kidney disease, CKD), accounting for confounders. Using population-based electronic health records (EHR) in England, we estimated: (i) background mortality in severe obesity by underlying risk factors; (ii) direct and indirect excess deaths in individuals with severe obesity; and (iii) impact of BMI gain and physical activity on the incidence of the most common high-risk diseases for COVID-19, and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266643-53b0qdcl author = Ayyaz, Mahmood title = Combating COVID 19 in a public sector hospital in Pakistan date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1740 sentences = 116 flesch = 64 summary = The first step that was taken by the administration was to ensure the safety of the healthcare personnelaccording to the guidelines issued by World Health Organisation 6 . In collaboration of the department of medicine and infectious diseases it was decided that the health care professionals in areas of high COVID-19 risk would perform duty for a week and then isolate for the next two weeks. Considering the extreme number of cases that were being reported all over the world along with the burden placed on the health care providers it was also expected that if only the medical and allied department were left to deal with this pandemic it would likely strain and break those standing against the disease. 16 On the orders of the Specialized Health care and medical Education department the task of setting up and managing a COVID-19 Care facility at Camp Jail was given to our institute. cache = ./cache/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266569-cf3mfp3e author = Senefeld, J. title = Therapeutic use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency: A systematic review date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2304 sentences = 150 flesch = 44 summary = This review highlights 40 reports including 104 COVID-19 patients with primary immunosuppression due to Agammaglobulinemia (X-linked or autosomal) or Common Variable Immunodeficiency, and secondary immunodeficiencies related to hematological malignancies and solid organ transplants who were transfused with convalescent plasma. Among nine peer-reviewed articles and two media reports we identified a total of 29 COVID-19 patients transfused with convalescent plasma whom were receiving immunosuppressive therapies for previous solid organ transplants. 37-47 In a cohort of 13 transplant recipients transfused with convalescent plasma concomitant to hydroxychloroquine, steroids and anticoagulants therapies for COVID-19, eight patients demonstrated improved oxygen requirements and were promptly discharged 37 . These data provide evidence and encouraging anecdotal statements (panel) supporting the efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency, and are consistent with the historical evidence demonstrating that passive antibody therapies for infectious diseases are especially effective when given early in the course of disease prior to an endogenous antibody response. cache = ./cache/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266382-co3n724s author = Cordeiro-Rodrigues, Luís title = Social Justice for Public Health: The COVID-19 Response in Portugal date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3440 sentences = 149 flesch = 47 summary = The Portuguese case study suggests that enhancing social justice towards socio-economically vulnerable groups correlates with the prevention of the spread of COVID-19; these benefits to public health can be explained by the fact that those policies create social distancing and less exposure to the COVID-19 virus and other contagious diseases and also remove disincentives to the use of healthcare services. I wish to argue, in this case study analysis, that the social justice measures implemented by the Portuguese government played an important role in effectively promoting public health during the current pandemic. In other words, the existing correlation between Portuguese social justice policies and positive outcomes for public health, which mitigated the spread of COVID-19, can be explained by the fact that those policies allowed and encouraged conditions for more social-distancing to take place, and thereby less infections of COVID-19 and other contagious diseases to occur; further, by providing incentives for the socio-economically vulnerable population to use the nation's health services, the policies expedited detection of infections, thereby reducing the probability of an infection spread. cache = ./cache/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266648-962r0vm8 author = Grossberg, Laurie B title = Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3613 sentences = 234 flesch = 50 summary = title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Although data in patients with IBD contracting COVID-19 are still limited, both providers and patients have particular concerns regarding the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and how to manage their medications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information regarding risk factors, prevention, routine care (including office visits, testing, endoscopy, and surgery), and medication management of patients with IBD in the setting of COVID-19 was collected from each reference and is summarized in the Results. 10, 11 Other organizations, including the American Gastroenterological Association doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174 Published online 3 July 2020 (AGA), the Gastroenterological Society of Australia, and the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), agree that there are no data to support an increased risk of infection among patients with IBD. cache = ./cache/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266627-rkupc9w0 author = Liu, Chengyin title = Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2753 sentences = 166 flesch = 40 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 As a result, 473 patients were selected to suspected bacterial infection (SI) group based on higher white blood cell count and procalcitonin or bacterial pneumonia on chest radiography. Antibiotics were found associated with improved mortality and an increased risk for acute organ injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Intravenous moxifloxacin and meropenem increased the death rate in patients with suspected bacterial infection, while oral antibiotics reduced mortality in this group. Moreover, penicillin and meropenem treatments were associated with increased mortality of the patients with no evidence of bacterial infection. In the present study, we found that if laboratory tests indicated suspected bacterial infection, the empirical use of oral antibiotics might reduce mortality of patients with COVID-19. For the patients with no evidence of bacterial infection, receiving penicillin and meropenem increased mortality, and meropenem elevated the incidence of acute organ injury. cache = ./cache/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266672-t85wd0xq author = Bagnera, Silvia title = Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a “new software score” in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3053 sentences = 137 flesch = 46 summary = title: Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a "new software score" in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of radiologists using a new software called "COVID-19 score" when performing chest radiography on patients potentially infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From February–April 2020, 14 radiologists retrospectively evaluated a pool of 312 chest X-ray exams to test a new software function for lung imaging analysis based on radiological features and graded on a three-point scale. To evaluate a new tool called "COVID-19 score" made available to radiologists for lung imaging analysis, we retrospectively included in the study patients who underwent at least two consecutive chest X-rays for a total of 312 exams. In this study, we tested a new software application called "COVID-19 score" that can be used in the reporting of chest X-ray imaging in patients suspected COVID-19, based on radiological semantic features. cache = ./cache/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266478-642m488a author = Gino, Bruno title = Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5438 sentences = 334 flesch = 49 summary = title: Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient The aim of this technical report is twofold: first, to describe the design and manufacturing process of the automated inflating resuscitator (AIR), a 3D-printed ventilator training device which operates on the principle of pushing a bag valve mask; second, to present a simulation scenario that can be used for training health professionals how to use this and similar, low-cost, 3D-printed ventilators in the context of ventilator shortages caused by COVID-19. In addition to the description of the ventilator, we also present a simulation case using AIR to train safety, operational ability, crisis resource management, and communication skills. If there is a limited supply of participants, the paramedics team can only be reported by the facilitators, as the main objective of this simulation is training with the use of AIR and care involving a patient with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-266478-642m488a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266478-642m488a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266573-vfl08i2p author = Largent, Emily A title = Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3636 sentences = 157 flesch = 36 summary = Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Given the pandemic's devastating economic effects, as well as the fact that risks may be higher or more uncertain in COVID-19 trials than in nonpandemic research, there is an increased likelihood of undue influence stemming from incentive payments. Rather, in light of pandemic circumstances-similar features of which may be replicated in other contexts, including research conducted in low-and middle-income countries or with participants whose nonresearch options are limited even in the absence of a pandemic-offers of compensation may raise ethical concerns akin to incentives [14] . Acknowledging this challenge, the best IRBs can do is to minimize the possibility of undue influence for trial participants on the whole by making it unlikely for research participation to constitute an objectively unreasonable choice for members of the target study population. cache = ./cache/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266713-rghowch1 author = Reyes-Bueno, JA title = Case fatality of COVID-19 in patients with neurodegenerative dementia date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2799 sentences = 181 flesch = 52 summary = DISCUSSION Our results suggest that case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher among patients with primary degenerative dementia than in other patients with similar mean ages and comorbidities. S a m p l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s COVID-19 was diagnosed according to the classification of the Spanish Ministry of Health: confirmed cases (patients with positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2) and probable cases (patients with a severe acute respiratory infection requiring hospitalisation and with clinical and radiological characteristics compatible with COVID-19, in the absence of RT-PCR confirmation). 13 These results are similar to our own: we found a COVID-19-associated case fatality rate of 43.4% in patients with dementia; this was significantly higher than the rate in the control group. Heart diseases were more prevalent in the group of patients with primary degenerative dementia, and were associated with a statistically significant increase in the mortality rate. Our study suggests that the case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with primary degenerative dementia than among other patients with similar ages and comorbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266469-n484zqq1 author = King, Michael J. title = Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4127 sentences = 209 flesch = 44 summary = title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system Data is rapidly emerging given the novel nature of this devastating disease, with a paucity of published reports investigating abdominal presenting symptoms and subsequent CT imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study is to describe the demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In this study, we described demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a population of COVID-19 patients who presented to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In conclusion, we report demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a group of patients presenting to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints who were found to have COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266813-5tttyl5o author = DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Trainees on the Front Line date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1175 sentences = 67 flesch = 46 summary = Yet, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised new questions, including issues of clinician safety during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aerosolizing procedures should be performed with personal protective equipment (PPE) consisting of eye protection, N95 respirators, gloves, and gowns in airborne infection isolation rooms given the higher risk of viral transmission. Key Words: advance care planning ◼ coronavirus ◼ cardiopulmonary resuscitation ◼ personal protective equipment Second, when CPR is performed, it should be done as safely as possible. Moreover, all patients at hospitals in regions with a high prevalence of COVID-19 should be assumed to have COVID-19 at the time of cardiac arrest, and providers should use appropriate PPE. The importance of addressing advance care planning and decisions about do-not-resuscitate orders during novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitals consider universal do-not-resuscitate orders for coronavirus patients. cache = ./cache/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266799-t7lqlv41 author = Rotejanaprasert, Chawarat title = Preliminary estimation of temporal and spatiotemporal dynamic measures of COVID-19 transmission in Thailand date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5033 sentences = 265 flesch = 45 summary = This study thus aims to estimate and compare disease dynamic measures in several dimensions that can be augmented with epidemiological summary statistics to monitor the COVID-19 situation for each location and time at different stages of the epidemic. The data in this study were from confirmed COVID-19 cases in 77 provinces of Thailand from January 12 th 2020 through June 30 th 2020 provided in the daily reports of the Department of Disease Control, Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH). During the early stage of an epidemic curve caused by emerging diseases, the exponential growth (EG) rate, denoted by r, can be related to the initial reproduction rate and can be described as the change in number of new cases per time unit [15] . We wanted to provide information that could be used to help design effective control strategies for the current COVID-19 situation in Thailand after the disease has spread to different provinces across the country much of which was from cluster outbreaks originating from several super spreader events. cache = ./cache/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266601-4ik5gu6b author = Peter, Strang title = Dying from Covid-19: Loneliness, end-of-life discussions and support for patients and their families in nursing homes and hospitals. A national register study date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3806 sentences = 222 flesch = 61 summary = OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study whether EOL discussions were offered and to what degree patients were alone at time of death when dying from Covid-19, comparing deaths in nursing homes and hospitals. 14 For these reasons, variables such as "dying with someone present (including family, friends, staff, hospital chaplains etc.)" and "EOL discussions" during the last week of life are registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC), a nation-wide quality register of end-oflife (EOL) care, which is completed online retrospectively in different care settings when a person has died. 15, 16 Aims The aim was to study the occurrence of EOL discussions with patients and next of kin, whether patients died alone and whether family members were offered bereavement support, in relation to all reported Covid-19 related deaths in hospitals and nursing homes (data set retrieved 19 th May 2020), using the SRPC. cache = ./cache/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266755-y2lf7ssp author = Yehualashet, Awgichew Shewasinad title = ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4160 sentences = 221 flesch = 46 summary = 21, 22 Both ACE-1 and ACE-2 cleave angiotensin peptides in that ACE-1 cleaves angiotensin I and generating angiotensin (Ang) II, which causes vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, increases vascular permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis and enhance the development of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. 36 The probable rational proposed for the possible relation between the use of ACEIs/ARBs, and progression to ARDS in COVID-19 is the increased availability of ACE-2 attached to surface in the lung endothelium, an inherent effect of these two classes, leading to enhanced coupling of SARS-CoV2 to ACE-2 and its consequent cell entry. Based on prior animal studies, it was suggested that proposed ACEIs and ARBs can enhance ACE2 activity and thereby increase infectivity of COVID-19 virus. 48 In severe lung injury animal models, preclinical studies have showed that ACE2 is significantly downregulated and it has been shown that the inhibition of the angiotensin type 1 receptor by ARB like losartan reduces severe acute lung injury in mice administered with the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV. cache = ./cache/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266650-2kkw9nwa author = Gupta, L. title = Management of rheumatic diseases in the times of COVID-19 pandemic- perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2581 sentences = 179 flesch = 52 summary = Most rheumatologists perceived the need to change treatment of RDs during the COVID-19 pandemic; reduce immunosuppression and defer the usage of rituximab and bDMARDs. Objective. The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to widespread concerns about the risk of infection in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) receiving disease modifying antrheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other immunosuppressants (IS). Most rheumatologists perceived the need to change treatment of RDs during the COVID-19 pandemic; reduce immunosuppression and defer the usage of rituximab and bDMARDs. Competing interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest Contributorship: All authors were involved in ideation, data collection and manuscript preparation. o There is an urgent need to revise the management of rheumatic diseases as perceived by a large group of practicing rheumatologists in India in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266878-z7qn80tw author = Cho, Pauline title = COVID 19—An eye on the virus date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1441 sentences = 90 flesch = 57 summary = Regarding the use of contact lenses during this period of worldwide infection, mixed messages have emerged from various health sources, making it difficult for practitioners to provide absolute guidance to their patients. In addition, contact lens wearers may experience minor discomfort or irritation more frequently than spectacle wearers [14] , and this in turn increases the chance of the natural response to touch or rub eyes [15] . Practitioners of course, are responsible for impressing upon their patients the importance of good hygiene, but some additional precautions are needed during this time of pandemic. As patients may be unable to visit clinics or practices due to lockdown, it may be advisable for practitioners to contact the parents of all of their orthokeratology patients to alert them about this problem. The COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for contact lens practitioners cache = ./cache/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266935-bkan3mwy author = Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title = Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2879 sentences = 193 flesch = 53 summary = We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). 2 We therefore aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes, such as mortality and need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266932-567lbktm author = Escalard, Simon title = Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1439 sentences = 78 flesch = 47 summary = title: Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients METHODS: We performed a comparative cohort study between patients with COVID-19 who had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging within 3 hours from onset, in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak and a control group admitted during the same calendar period in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 had more severe strokes than patients without COVID-19, with a significantly lower clot burden score (median: 6.5 versus 8, P=0.016), higher rate of multivessel occlusion (50% versus 8.8%, P=0.005), lower DWI-ASPECTS (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scores; median: 5 versus 8, P=0.006), and higher infarct core volume (median: 58 versus 6 mL, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Early brain imaging showed higher severity large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. Early brain imaging showed higher severity of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266744-31p212aq author = Dick, Lachlan title = Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2250 sentences = 141 flesch = 48 summary = title: Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study The proportion of patients undergoing surgery increased (19.1 vs 42.3 per cent, p = < 0.05) as did the mean operating time (102.4 vs 145.7 min, p = < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Covid-19 has significantly impacted the number of admissions to emergency general surgery. Of the 36 patients undergoing surgery during 2020, 5 (13.9 per cent) had a change in the surgical procedure. Furthermore, in our cohort, only 50 per cent of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis underwent Covid-19 testing. Furthermore, 12 (75 per cent) patients were deemed to require surgical management as opposed to the intercollegiate recommendation of a conservative approach [9] again suggesting an increase in severity. Covid-19 has significantly impacted the number of admissions to emergency general surgery. Author's reply-clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267030-khzivbzy author = Jia, Peng title = Understanding the Epidemic Course in Order to Improve Epidemic Forecasting date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1924 sentences = 84 flesch = 42 summary = Spatial lifecourse epidemiology provides a new perspective to understand the course of epidemics, especially pandemics, and a new toolkit to predict the course of future epidemics on the basis of big data. The advanced spatial and digital technologies provide a new perspective to understand the transmission patterns of epidemics, especially pandemics, and a new toolkit to predict the progression of future epidemics on the basis of big data. Transparent, anonymous reporting of travel and contact history of a relatively large number of COVID-19 cases has been realized in China for the first time in the history of pandemics, thus opening a new avenue in the era of big data for more advanced, transdisciplinary approaches to refine results from mathematical prediction models and achieve a data-driven epidemic course of the COVID-19 in China (Kummitha, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266988-72uvawth author = Barth, Rolf F. title = The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2504 sentences = 115 flesch = 43 summary = title: The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, which has been named "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)" [2] . Our current understanding of the pathology and the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease and SARS-CoV-2 transmission is at an early stage and much still remains to be learned [5, 6] . Therefore, the total number of autopsies performed is miniscule compared to the number of deaths, but nevertheless they are both very revealing and important in order to better understand the multi-organ involvement associated with COVID-19 infection and for the development of better treatment strategies [1, 3] . The autopsy reports that already have been published provide a solid base for a better understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 infection but much more remains to be learned about this complex disease in order to develop better treatment strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266791-ng1xlvkf author = Zhang, W. title = Leukopenia of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections under 18 Years Old in Recovery Stage date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3610 sentences = 219 flesch = 58 summary = To compare the difference of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in recovery stage between confirmed and asymptomatic infections. Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital in Guiyang, China, from January 29, to March 31, 2020; final date of follow-up was April 22. Conclusions Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic COVID-19 infections under 18 years old compared with the confirmed patients. [11] [12] [13] We aim to compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and physiological test data of asymptomatic patients and symptomatic group, explored whether there were significant differences between the two groups, so as to provide a theoretical basis for later clinical diagnosis and related studies. Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic patients under 18 years old with COVID-19 than in those with confirmed infections. cache = ./cache/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266808-wyuodzyt author = Nagler, Arielle R title = Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1590 sentences = 117 flesch = 57 summary = title: Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City Over the following eight weeks three groups were tested: 1) symptomatic staff with fever or respiratory illness; 2) asymptomatic employees with self-reported exposure to COVID-19 which included any degree or duration of contact with an individual who had a documented COVID-19 infection in the work place or in the community; and 3) all employees who were returning to work in services that had been suspended during the epidemic's peak. Positivity rates amongst all groups of employees being tested including symptomatic employees, asymptomatic employees with self-reported exposure to COVID-19, and employees being screened for returning work declined over time ( Figure 1 ). Thus during this testing program, most NYULH employees had continued exposure to COVID patients, yet A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t employees still demonstrated sharp declines in COVID infection rates. cache = ./cache/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266916-flskltdf author = Malik, Jahanzeb title = Paying in Blood: A Case of Thrombocytopenia in Covid-19 date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1042 sentences = 85 flesch = 54 summary = Infection with COVID-19 typically presents with fever and upper respiratory symptoms like cough and dyspnea. A small proportion of mildly symptomatic patients present with atypical symptoms like diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, or bleeding tendencies [4] . We present a case of COVID-19, diagnosed with an isolated thrombocytopenia. Such studies state that decreasing trend of platelets confer a grave prognosis of COVID-19 infection and lead to a severe disease [8] . There is only one case report published recently on idiopathic COVID-19 associated thrombocytopenia [11] . Our patient was also mildly symptomatic and after ruling out all major causes of decreased platelets, it was postulated to be associated with the virus. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis Thrombocytopenia is independently associated with poor outcome in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: a case report cache = ./cache/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267034-s3hf4bo5 author = Palladino, Raffaele title = Excess Deaths and Hospital Admissions for COVID-19 Due to a Late Implementation of the Lockdown in Italy date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2428 sentences = 120 flesch = 53 summary = Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. For this reason, we estimated the number of deaths and hospital admissions for COVID-19 that would have occurred if the lockdown had been implemented one week earlier than it was actually enforced. In the present analysis we used data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalized patients, and deaths recorded in Italy from February 24th, the first day national data were made available, to May 3rd, the last day of implementation of the national lockdown. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266896-unb9yvjr author = Nihei, Yoshihito title = Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 127 flesch = 44 summary = Inflammatory cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to play a central role in COVID-19; therefore, treatments for suppressing cytokines, including extracorporeal treatments, are considered to be beneficial. The cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily characterised by elevated plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), plays a central role in COVID-19 [2] ; therefore, its suppression is considered a key treatment approach in patients with COVID-19. Especially, CHDF is reported to continually suppress inflammatory cytokines and has been used in critically ill patients, including those with septic shock, ARDS and infections with viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [5] . We herein present a patient on PD who became critically ill due to COVID-19 and was treated with several extracorporeal treatments including PE, PMX-DHP and CHDF to suppress the cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266993-vt0aq7k6 author = Casas Rojo, J. M. title = Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3720 sentences = 204 flesch = 51 summary = A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. The SEMI-COVID registry is an ongoing retrospective cohort, comprising most consecutive patients hospitalized in Spain from March 1 st 2020 up to the end of the pandemy, discharged with confirmed COVID-19 disease. Data are collected retrospectively and include approximately 300 variables grouped under various headings: (1) inclusion criteria, (2) epidemiological data, (3) RT-PCR and serology data, (4) personal medical and medication history, (5) symptoms and physical examination findings at admission, (6) laboratory (blood gases, metabolic panel, complete blood count, coagulation) and diagnostic imaging tests, (7) additional data at seven days after admission or at admission to the intensive care unit, (8) pharmacological treatment during the hospitalization (antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, antibiotics) and ventilator support, (9) complications during the hospitalization, and (10) progress after discharge and/or 30 days from diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266948-n7sltd1b author = Ahamed, Jasimuddin title = Severe aortic stenosis patient risk during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = The patient risk assessment typically includes patient age and surgical risk; however, given the increased general risk of the procedure and that SARS-CoV-2 infection can be an additional and very dangerous comorbidity, suggesting the less invasive TAVR should be considered. 5 AS patients therefore may have increased risk for developing thromboembolic complications during the valve replacement procedure or during subsequent hospitalisation and recovery if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a recent study showed that a prosthetic aortic graft thrombosis patient died from COVID-19 and that anticoagulant and thrombectomy procedure were unsuccessful. 5 Therefore, direct thrombin inhibitors should be considered for AS patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, since both COVID-19 and AS procedure can increase the risk of thrombosis. Studies in animals have suggested that inhibitors of this system can upregulate ACE2 expression, which led some investigators to postulate that patients receiving those inhibitors may be at high risk of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection, which needs to be validated experimentally. cache = ./cache/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267209-m0fvv1t7 author = Sawyer, Michala R. title = Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1844 sentences = 111 flesch = 42 summary = 2 Shifting from a strategy of in-person office visits to televisits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may actually increase access to postpartum follow-up among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. 20 As remote monitoring is more widely implemented during COVID-19, research is needed to examine the impact of telehealth and home blood pressure cuff Medicaid coverage on access to postpartum hypertension care as well as on maternal morbidity and mortality. However, research is needed to assess the efficacy and impact of remote blood pressure monitoring in the postpartum period on clinical outcomes including hospital readmissions, short-term medical complications of hypertension, and long-term cardiovascular health for patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Closely evaluating the clinical outcomes and health care disparities that follow the rapid implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in the postpartum period during COVID-19 will provide valuable lessons for research and clinical care after the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266750-41gth6o0 author = Puzzitiello, Richard N. title = Inflammatory and Coagulative Considerations for the Management of Orthopaedic Trauma Patients With COVID-19: A Review of the Current Evidence and Our Surgical Experience date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3742 sentences = 221 flesch = 39 summary = A better understanding of this relationship can inform the development of evidencebased management strategies in these patients and limit admissions to overcrowded ICUs. To demonstrate and further define these developing theories on the coagulative and inflammatory risks associated with the surgical treatment of trauma patients with COVID-19, we will present an unexpected outcome on such a patient at our institution. In addition, the hypercoagulable state secondary to COVID-19 and the inflammatory load of intramedullary reaming, fat emboli, and pulmonary embolism resulted in a "second hit" that may have cumulatively pushed our patient past a "tipping point" and into respiratory failure (Fig. 4) . The level of cytokine response, hypercoagulability, and pulmonary dysfunction associated with the COVID-19 virus may predispose to a catastrophic "second hit" after even low-energy trauma. Careful consideration and risk/benefit analysis, including preoperative evaluation of systemic inflammation and respiratory status, is paramount in patients with COVID-19 presenting with orthopaedic trauma injuries. cache = ./cache/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267075-0wtgycv5 author = Mouawad, Nicolas J. title = The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 369 sentences = 28 flesch = 59 summary = title: The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) Furthermore, in an effort to preserve the very scarce assets of personal protective 9 equipment as well as Intensive Care Unit resources, such as ventilators, medications, and trained 10 personnel, elective vascular surgical cases have decreased significantly. The American College of Surgeons placed recommendations on the management of 12 elective surgical procedures with the use of the Elective Surgery Acuity Scale on March 13, 2020, 13 and specific tiers to triage vascular surgery operations [3, 4] . On March 14, 2020, the Surgeon 14 General urged the widespread halt of hospital elective procedures due to the mounting concerns 15 of the Covid-19 surge. On behalf of our patients, we are concerned about the delays of these procedures 19 but clearly understand the public health necessity to restrict the use of valuable equipment and 20 personnel. COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Vascular Surgery 9 cache = ./cache/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267117-e53jvt92 author = Fahd Al‐Muhanna, Afnan title = COVID‐19: Impact and challenges at breast imaging unit date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 556 sentences = 49 flesch = 66 summary = A Series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, later found to be related to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Since then, COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, 2 with a significant impact on the health care system and were announced to be pandemic by WHO 30 January 2020, 3 By 24 April 2020, the WHO reported 2,626,321 confirmed cases globally with 181,938 deaths. Breast imaging is a high demand specialty, mainly if you work at tertiary care academic institute, which makes us enthusiastic about setting a list of policies and procedures to overcome the challenges we face with the COVID-19 pandemic. All breast imaging studied should be delayed for known or suspected COVID-19 patients as per our hospital infection control policy. cache = ./cache/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267152-m9m0aunk author = Yang, Philip title = Investigating the sex differences in COVID-19: Another step forward, but many unanswered questions date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1412 sentences = 80 flesch = 57 summary = The main finding from the study was that while female patients were more likely to be affected by COVID-19, female patients had a lower proportion of severe or critical cases (PSCC) and a lower case fatality rate (CFR) compared to male patients. It appeared that the sex differences in the attack rate, PSCC, and CFR in Hubei Province, which contained the vast majority of COVID-19 cases in mainland China, likely shaped the overall trends seen nationwide; the trends seen in other regions were more variable. The results of this study are similar to those of a smaller prior study, which also reported more severe illness and higher mortality from COVID-19 in men compared to women 7 . It is also worth noting that a similar coronavirus outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2002-2004, also showed a higher case fatality rate in men compared to women 7, 8 . cache = ./cache/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267296-u4svwcpt author = Rauch, Antoine title = Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1318 sentences = 76 flesch = 37 summary = 4 We further investigated the association of plasma-induced cytotoxicity with levels of circulating biomarkers related to organ dysfunction (Pao 2 [partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood]/Fio 2 [fraction of inspired oxygen], widely used as an indicator of oxygenation requirements, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase), endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor antigen; ADAMTS13; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; syndecan-1), tissue injury (cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular patterns marker), and levels of circulating cytokines related to the activation of innate (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and adaptative immune cell responses (soluble IL-2 receptor). Overall, the degree of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by plasma sampled from patients with COVID-19 correlated to both clinical illness severity at admission and the levels of biomarkers related to endothelial injury, tissue injury, and proinflammatory cytokines. Our data shed new light on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by demonstrating the direct and rapid cytotoxic effect of plasma collected from critically ill patients on vascular endothelial cells. cache = ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267257-kwy9puxo author = Greenhalgh, Sue title = Safety netting; best practice in the face of uncertainty date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2288 sentences = 119 flesch = 52 summary = Screening for Red Flags and any indication of a serious cause of symptoms is always first line in any consultation, however, clinical presentations are not always black and white with patients falling into a clear diagnostic category. Safety netting advice in the current pandemic must include red flags to be aware of and clearly articulate potential risks and consequences of not seeking timely health care for serious conditions. Almond confirms the safety net advice should include specific clinical features (red flags) that the patient should be aware of, along with time scale for symptom development as well as the time and location for health seeking. Within this future musculoskeletal practice model, whether consultations are remote or face to face, we need to consider the process of safety netting to be best practice in any physiotherapy setting to facilitate early presentation with a serious condition. cache = ./cache/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267142-ys7z7j8j author = Cheema, Marvi title = Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2462 sentences = 132 flesch = 47 summary = This case emphasizes the importance of ensuring that first-line health care providers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, emergency physicians, and family physicians, consider COVID-19 on the differential for any patient with recent travel who presents with acute conjunctivitis. At the time of the visits to our clinic (March 3rd and 5th), the patient did not meet provincial health authority recommendations for testing of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on country of travel. 8 Given this, eye care professionals, most notably ophthalmologists, may be the first point of contact in the health care field for patients with possible COVID-19, before the onset of characteristic respiratory symptoms. The case emphasizes the importance for eye care professionals to remain vigilant and consider SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent in patients presenting with viral conjunctivitis, particularly in high-risk patients with travel to areas of active transmission of the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267243-ewivbfib author = Rodrigues, J.C.L. title = An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1853 sentences = 114 flesch = 52 summary = Suspected cases are primarily those with a febrile respiratory illness and history of travel to a country or region reporting local transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset. 6 An elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphopenia (<1,100 m/L) are characteristic 7 Radiology departments should be prepared for an increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 and new diagnoses or risk stratification may be imaging based. have reported radiological abnormality, predominantly ground-glass opacity (GGO), in subclinical disease, where 15 patients were imaged using CT before symptom onset. In the event of a major UK outbreak of COVID-19, infection imaging will be critical in the assessment of disease severity, progression, and potentially screening for initial diagnosis. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267300-zbipv9er author = Alalwan, Adel A title = A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2350 sentences = 143 flesch = 48 summary = Even though end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. Even though ESRD patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. We report a case of an ESRD patient on regular hemodialysis with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This report describes the clinical presentation of this disease in a hemodialysis patient, the diagnostic process, the laboratory and imaging investigations, as well as the course of treatment. reported five cases of COVID-19 disease in hemodialysis patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Lopinavir-ritonavir and Ribavirin have been used successfully as monotherapies in the treatment of mild COVID-19 pneumonia in hemodialysis patients [8, 10] . COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: a report of 5 cases cache = ./cache/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267055-xscwk74r author = Chassagnon, Guillaume title = AI-Driven quantification, staging and outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5146 sentences = 248 flesch = 43 summary = Our approach relies on automatic deep learning-based disease quantification using an ensemble of architectures, and a data-driven consensus for the staging and outcome prediction of the patients fusing imaging biomarkers with clinical and biological attributes. • A Covid-19-specific holistic, highly compact multi-omics signature integrating imaging/clinical/ biological data and associated comorbidities for automatic patient staging is presented and evaluated. Our approach relies on automatic deep learning-based disease quantification using an ensemble of architectures, and a datadriven consensus for the staging and outcome prediction of the patients fusing imaging biomarkers with clinical and biological attributes. In this study, we investigated an automatic method ( To the best of our knowledge this is among a few systematic efforts to quantify disease extent, to discover low dimensional and interpretable imaging biomarkers and to integrate them to clinical variables into short and long term prognosis of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267076-a4ulg4ck author = Mechili, Enkeleint A. title = Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Albania. date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4026 sentences = 249 flesch = 59 summary = AIM: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression among bachelor and master university students (nurses/midwives) and their family members' during the quarantine period of COVID‐19 pandemic. Being unsatisfied with COVID‐19 prevention measures, beliefs that COVID‐19 infection and quarantine process can cause problems on their health status were the key factors for students to be screened positive for mental problems in multiple regression analysis. Therefore, given, the psychological burden caused by similar emergencies in the past, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression of students (nursing and midwifery) and their family members' during the quarantine period. Both students and family members who considered that quarantine itself and COVID-19 can cause problems on their health were more likely to be have high levels of depression. This is the first study to measure the depression levels of nursing/midwifery students and their family members in Albania during the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine period. cache = ./cache/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267389-v2ihhtl0 author = Canevelli, Marco title = The Pipeline of Therapeutics Testing During the Emergency Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3090 sentences = 136 flesch = 39 summary = The clinicaltrials.gov database and the European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register were investigated on March 31, 2020, to identify all ongoing phase 1–4 research protocols testing pharmacological interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19. In this article, we provide a summary of the interventional studies that have been conducted worldwide to test the efficacy and/or safety/tolerability of pharmacological compounds against COVID-19 in the emergency phase of the pandemic. The following data were abstracted by three authors (F.T., Ga.R., and Gi.R.) from the selected protocols: NCT (the unique identification code assigned by clinicaltrials.gov) and/or EudraCT codes; study phase; allocation and masking procedures; tested compound(s); way of administration; mechanism of action; primary outcome measure(s); expected primary completion date; expected number of participants; age range of participants; targeted COVID-19 related condition; sponsor; and location. cache = ./cache/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267332-xc6dcb93 author = Soltani, Marwa title = Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 945 sentences = 63 flesch = 38 summary = title: Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report We describe a COVID-19 patient who presented with subacute myocardial infarction, biventricular thrombi and bilateral pulmonary emboli. A wide spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations has been documented in patients suffering from COVID-19 such as thrombo-embolic events, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and cardiogenic shock 1 and they are associated with poor prognosis. We describe a patient with COVID-19 who presented with subacute myocardial infarction and bilateral pulmonary emboli associated with biventricular thrombi. Left ventriculography revealed severe ventricular dysfunction with extended anterolateral akinesis, apical aneurysm and thrombus (Fig. 1b) . This COVID-19 patient had an extensive anterior myocardial infarction with severe systolic dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of biventricular thrombi after myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19. Left Ventricular Thrombus in Patients With Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction cache = ./cache/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267343-a6fplmfj author = Brakman, Steven title = The turn from just-in-time to just-in-case globalization in and after times of COVID-19 An essay on the risk re-appraisal of borders and buffers date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5505 sentences = 249 flesch = 51 summary = Economic agents will, rightly or wrongly, use buffers and borders to increase their resilience to shocks like COVID-19, and the most salient feature of modern globalization, international just-in-time production and delivery, will be adjusted, and transformed into just-in-case management. In the remainder of the essay, we will now further discuss an important and very salient feature of modern globalization -i.e., international just-in-time production -to showcase first what this modern aspect of globalization entails, and next how this might be changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the economic aftermath, thereby underpinning our more general argument that, in all likelihood, the international economy will structurally start to attach more weight to the role of borders and buffers. For global trade, the effect of a shock like COVID-19 will be that firms will try to lower risk and to increase their resilience by diversifying their supply chains, also by geographically shortening their supply chain, making them more regional or even national instead. cache = ./cache/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267268-50h13gso author = Spagnolo, Paolo title = Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 984 sentences = 64 flesch = 51 summary = 3 The mechanisms through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes lung damage are only partly known, but plausible contributors include a cytokine release syndrome triggered by the viral antigen, drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, and high airway pressure and hyperoxiainduced acute lung injury secondary to mechanical ventilation. To date, about 1·2 million people worldwide have recovered from COVID-19, but there remains concern that some organs, including the lungs, might have long-term impairment following infection (figure). In a study of 36 patients who had recovered from MERS, chest x-rays taken a median of 43 (range 32-320) days after hospital discharge showed abnormalities described as lung fibrosis in about a third of the patients. Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267287-qodj254z author = Pintado, Juan F. title = How COVID-19 has affected Emergent Visits to a Latin-American Trauma Department: Experience at a Peruvian National Trauma Referral Center date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3661 sentences = 180 flesch = 49 summary = The current study's overall aim was to examine the impact of the current COVID-19 outbreak on the number of non-COVID-related patient presentations to a major national emergency traumatology/orthopedics referral center in Latin America. Numbers of non-follow-up patients presenting to the traumatology/ orthopedics service were counted and compared between January through April 2019 and January through April 2020; and between the month immediately prior to the Peruvian government's implementation of national lock-down measures (Feb 16—Mar 15; Period 1) and the month immediately following (Mar 16—Apr 15; Period 2). Our institute, which performs more trauma and orthopedic surgeries than any other center in Peru [6] , was declared a national referral center for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the pandemic. On the other hand, strengths include it being the first to report on the impact of the present global crisis on Latin-American traumatology and orthopedic services, and that our institution is our country's largest tertiary referral center for trauma cases within the Peruvian National Health Service. cache = ./cache/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267438-8e7wxzel author = Wu, Vincent title = Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3474 sentences = 194 flesch = 47 summary = We outline key practice considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE), triaging and decision making for new referrals, ongoing surgical care, and follow-up practices from the perspective of two large cancer institutions with experiences in pandemic management. To protect health care providers, the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery has stated that airborne precautions should be taken for all aerosolizing procedures including, but not limited to, the use of N95 respirators, face shields or goggles, gloves, gowns, disposable medical caps, and shoe covers. 37, 38 From an adjuvant therapy perspective, both the radiation oncology and medical oncology services across Toronto hospitals are adapting their practices to help mitigate risk to head and neck patients with cancer in the wake of COVID-19. Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience cache = ./cache/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author = Wichmann, Dominic title = Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4062 sentences = 240 flesch = 50 summary = In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the authorities of the German federal state of Hamburg ordered mandatory autopsies in all patients dying with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During autopsy, tissue samples for histology were taken from the following organs: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, brain, prostate and testes (in males), ovaries (in females), small bowel, saphenous vein, common carotid artery, pharynx, and muscle. In this autopsy study of 12 consecutive patients who died of COVID-19, we found a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis (58%). In studies that examined deceased patients with COVID-19 without relying on autopsy, no increased rates of pulmonary embolism were observed clinically. To our knowledge, only 3 case reports have been published on patients with COVID-19 who have undergone complete autopsy and a few more in which only lung tissue was examined (7, 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267271-cdeecuf0 author = Liu, Nian title = Dynamic changes of Chest CT follow-up in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to clinical typing date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3647 sentences = 194 flesch = 57 summary = We analyzed the clinical characteristics, CT characteristics and the pneumonia involvement of the patients between the moderate group and the severe and critical group, and the dynamic changes of severity with the CT follow-up time. To our knowledge, this is a relatively comprehensive study of the characteristics and dynamic changes of CT between the moderate type and severe or critical type patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The initial and follow-up chest CT images were assessed as the following ten characteristics according to the Fleischner Society Glossary [21, 22] and peer-reviewed literature on viral pneumonia [13, 17] , such as ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, pleural thickening or adhesion, fibrosis, discrete nodules, cavitation, lymph node enlargement, pleural effusion, and bronchiectasis. In our study, the most common initial CT characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia of the two groups are ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, pleural thickening or adhesion, and mainly distributed in a subpleural area. cache = ./cache/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267465-7rrveyrh author = Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A. title = COVID-19 Y TABAQUISMO: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS DE LA EVIDENCIA date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3924 sentences = 344 flesch = 59 summary = A efectos de determinar la asociación del consumo de tabaco con las condiciones más críticas posibles de COVID-19, se llevó a cabo un segundo metaanálisis que analizó una variable conjunta que incluyó el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), la intubación orotraqueal y la muerte, según la disponibilidad de datos de los estudios incluidos. Los 15 artículos de la RS excluidos del MA lo fueron porque, aunque disponían de datos de tabaquismo, estos estaban relacionados con la prevalencia de comorbilidades y consumo de tabaco y vapeo, expresión de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, análisis de características clínicas de los pacientes con infección por Covid-19, y varios MA previos por lo que no incorporaban variables de interés para responder a las preguntas de este MA. cache = ./cache/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267307-kyh0xsrp author = Kasting, Monica L. title = Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4343 sentences = 230 flesch = 54 summary = Public health efforts should focus on increasing perceived severity and threat of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, while promoting NPI as effective in reducing threat. A six-item measure was used to assess participants' perceptions of the effectiveness of NPIs to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and spread. Three of the six items measured the perceived effectiveness of preventing yourself from spreading COVID-19 to others and included: 1) wearing a mask anytime you leave the house to go out in public, 2) practicing social distancing by leaving at least six feet between you and other people (this does not include people you live with), and 3) covering your mouth when you cough. Any variable that was significant at p<0.01 in bivariate comparisons was included in an adjusted logistic regression model with the binary lower/ higher perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures as the outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267397-b7ogeokm author = Smith, E. R. title = Protocol for a Sequential, Prospective Meta-Analysis to Describe COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Newborn Periods date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5612 sentences = 401 flesch = 53 summary = Given the scarcity of COVID data in pregnancy, differences in data collection protocols globally, and potential risks for severe illnesses in this population, there is an urgent need to rapidly generate high quality information to make evidence-based decisions and create guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 illness in pregnant women and infants. We updated the data modules in September 2020 to reflect evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns and to reflect and an updated generic protocol developed by WHO for COVID-related pregnancy cohort studies (Supplementary File 3) . Studies will be eligible to contribute data to the PMA when they have accrued at least 25 confirmed cases with completed follow up including obtaining maternal and neonatal outcomes. Given the current state of limited, high-quality evidence to inform public health guidance and healthcare strategies for pregnant women and newborn, the proposed study will contribute timely and necessary evidence-based data for decision-making in the context of COVID-19 and maternal and neonatal health. cache = ./cache/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267494-186aztc3 author = Wilder-Smith, Annelies title = Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1027 sentences = 60 flesch = 55 summary = These included early identification of cases by prompt laboratory testing, hospital or facility-based isolation of all cases 2 , rigorous contact tracing and meticulous follow-up of quarantined contacts, enhanced by artificial intelligence. New cases continued to increase exponentially before peaking on 12 Policy-makers are debating two strategies to reduce deaths and the demand on health care utilization 6 , in addition to considering major collateral damage to economic, society, mental health and other outcomes: (a) containment or suppression of COVID-19, which aims to reverse the rate of epidemic growth, thereby reducing new case numbers to low levels, and (b) mitigation, which focuses on slowing but not necessarily stopping epidemic spread -to reduce peak healthcare demand while protecting those most at risk of severe disease from infection. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267519-a0bcmjkn author = Bravi, Francesca title = Predictors of severe or lethal COVID-19, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, in a sample of infected Italian citizens date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3303 sentences = 144 flesch = 44 summary = AIMS: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying potential independent predictors of severe/lethal COVID-19, including the treatment with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and/or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Observing that human pathogenic coronaviruses bind their target cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [5] [6] [7] [8] , and that a few studies reported an increase in ACE2 expression mediated by angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (more consistently on animals than in humans) [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] , some hypothesized that the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus the hypertension treatment with ACE2-stimulating drugs, as well as ACE2 polymorphisms, might increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19 [17] [18] [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267402-kca05rvz author = South, Kieron title = Preceding infection and risk of stroke: An old concept revived by the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6248 sentences = 335 flesch = 41 summary = What follows herein is a detailed summary of the current literature surrounding COVID-19, encompassing the immune and inflammatory responses to infection, thrombotic manifestations and vascular consequences of infection with a focus on possible mechanisms by which these elements may contribute to acute stroke events. 89 This is not the case in COVID-19 (and the previous SARS outbreak) and a recent retrospective cohort study has suggested an incidence of stroke 7-8 times higher in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection compared with those hospitalized by influenza, 90 supporting the possibility of a SARS-CoV-2-driven hyper-coagulant state. [91] [92] [93] Obesity, in particular, is emerging as a prominent risk factor in the development of severe COVID-19 disease and is generally associated with increased incidence and increased severity of respiratory viral infection. Notably, the cytokine IL-33 is persistently elevated in obese individuals and is capable of stimulating endothelial cells to release pro-coagulant tissue factor 97 which may expose them to more severe COVID-19 disease and/or stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267486-ipcvepia author = van den Heuvel, F. M. A. title = Cardiac function in relation to myocardial injury in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3792 sentences = 223 flesch = 49 summary = BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported on myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) defined as elevated cardiac biomarkers. Data presented from China and New York reported a substantial number of patients with myocardial injury in COVID-19, however this was mainly based on elevated cardiac troponin levels [1, 2] . There is limited data on the association between myocardial injury and the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction potentially caused by COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, and to assess its relation to biomarker analysis. Subgroup analysis showed no relation between elevated Troponin T or NT-proBNP, and patients with ventricular dysfunction (see Tab. 3 and Fig. 1 ). This study provides a unique cross-sectional observation of non-selected COVID-19 patients admitted to the ward, exploring the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction in relation to biomarker analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267533-nmgtan4e author = Hu, Zhigang title = Delayed hospital admission and high-dose corticosteroids potentially prolong SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration of patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3605 sentences = 214 flesch = 46 summary = By LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we observed that delayed hospital admission, subpleural lesion, and high-dose corticosteroid use were independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. The study of Xu and colleagues [5] estimated the risk factors of delayed viral shedding (≥ 15 days after illness onset) and found that male, delayed hospital admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation were positively associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration. Delayed hospital admission, hypokalemia, and subpleural lesion were still the independent risk factors of long-term SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis with a generalized additive model. LASSO analysis with Cox regression model found six independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration, including cough, dyspnea, delayed hospital admission, subpleural lesion, the use of methylprednisolone, and the use of thymosin. cache = ./cache/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267260-8l831mre author = Brenner, Erica J. title = Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3136 sentences = 170 flesch = 43 summary = Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). To understand the impact of IBD on case fatality, we computed expected and observed deaths and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) utilizing published agestratified COVID-19 case fatality rates from China and Italy 2, 23 and publically available data from the U.S. 24, 25 Multivariable logistic regression estimated the independent effects of age, sex, disease (CD vs UC/IBD-U), disease activity, smoking, BMI ≥30, and number of comorbidities (0, 1, ≥2) on the primary outcome of severe COVID-19, defined as a composite of ICU admission, ventilator use, and/or death, consistent with existing COVID-19 literature. In our exploratory analyses, we found that TNF antagonist combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, was positively associated with the outcome of hospitalization or death (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 2.0-12.3), after adjusting for clinical and demographic variables and use of systemic corticosteroids and 5-ASA/sulfasalazine. cache = ./cache/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author = Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title = Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1196 sentences = 82 flesch = 37 summary = title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study 5 Therefore, to address the effectiveness of early short-course corticosteroid/furosemide treatment in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patient, we designed a retrospective observational cohort study. In the corticosteroid/furosemide treatment group, incidence of invasive MV or death given once daily for up to ten days reduced 28-day mortality by one-third among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients and by one-fifth among patients treated with oxygen, while no benefit was observed in patients not receiving respiratory support at randomization. To conclude, our data provides evidence that early short-course of corticosteroids combined to furosemide reduces the risk of invasive MV requirement or 28-day mortality in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267482-afqfymbq author = Ryu, Seungjin title = Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8189 sentences = 476 flesch = 49 summary = Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Also, initial studies that employ lung ciliated epithelial cell-specific HFH4/FOXJ1 promoter driven hACE2 transgenic mice show SARS-CoV-2 infection induces weight loss, lung inflammation and approximately 50% mortality rate, suggesting the usefulness of this model to understand the mechanism of immune dysregulation (Jiang et al., 2020) . Moreover, given our recent findings that ketogenesis inhibits inflammation and expands tissue resident ϒδ T cells (Goldberg et al., 2019) while SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients is associated with depletion of ϒδ T cells (Lei et al., 2020; Rijkers et al., 2020) , we next tested whether elevating BHB by feeding a ketogenic diet (KD) protects against mCoV-A59-driven inflammatory damage in aged mice. cache = ./cache/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267612-1h7xpkbe author = Lipsker, Dan title = A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 516 sentences = 36 flesch = 50 summary = Dan Lipsker 1,2 , MD, PhD Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, "epidemics" of chilblains or chilblain-like acral lesions have been reported in the social media, the general press and the medical literature in Italy, Spain, the UK and France (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) . The great majority of the cases we observed and those reported in the literature share the following common features: -lesions were of sudden onset in young patients without a previous history of chilblains in most of them and they were not necessarily triggered by exposure to cold; -those young patients were otherwise asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic and only a few had mild clinical signs compatible with COVID-19; -none of them had pneumonia or severe manifestations of COVID-19; -clinical signs of COVID-19 or contact with infected persons occurred a few days to one month before chilblains; -SARS-CoV-2 infection could be demonstrated by nasopharyngeal swab or by serology only in very limited number of patients. I therefore hypothesize that in a few genetically predisposed individuals the contact with SARS-CoV-2 triggers a strong interferon response, of which chilblain are the cutaneous expression. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267476-j59tm40d author = Yong, Sarah Ee Fang title = Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3562 sentences = 187 flesch = 49 summary = We describe an epidemiological investigation that, with use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological assays, established links between three clusters of COVID-19. When epidemiological information suggested that people might have been nodes of disease transmission but had recovered from illness, SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology testing was used to establish past infection. Serological testing had a crucial role in establishing a link between clusters, showing its use in identifying convalescent COVID-19 cases and supporting epidemiological investigations. In our epidemiological investigation, we used RT-PCR and serological testing to diagnose cases of COVID-19 and establish links between clusters. This investigation shows how SARS-CoV-2 serological analysis (ELISA detecting IgG and VNT detecting neutralising antibodies), in addition to use of traditional epidemiological methods, was important in establishing links among locally transmitted COVID-19 cases and tracing the transmission chain to an imported source. cache = ./cache/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267566-gdjl0qmu author = Kweon, Oh Joo title = Antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infection using two serologic assays date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3599 sentences = 232 flesch = 51 summary = This study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with COVID-19 using two immunoassays. METHODS: A total of 97 samples serially collected from 17 patients with COVID-19 and 137 negative control samples were analyzed for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using the AFIAS COVID-19 Ab (Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea) and the EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit (Epitope Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA). The diagnostic sensitivities of IgM/IgG for ≤14d PSO were 21.4%/35.7~57.1% and increased to 41.2~52.9%/88.2~94.1% at >14 d PSO with specificities of 98.5%/94.2% for AFIAS COVID-19 Ab and 100.0%/96.4% for EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit. Among 137 negative controls, 12 samples (8.8%) showed positive or indeterminate results. cache = ./cache/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267610-bzbr9ios author = Anastassopoulou, Cleo title = SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 107 flesch = 43 summary = In agreement with this reasoning, data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections in children involve the upper rather than the lower respiratory tract, the typical site of severe COVID-19 disease where ACE2 receptors are more abundant [29] . In this respect, a large prospective NIH-funded study of 6000 people from 2000 US families in 11 cities, called human epidemiology and response to SARS-CoV-2, will help determine the incidence of novel coronavirus infection in children in the USA and whether rates differ between children who have asthma or other allergic conditions and children who do not [45] . School children are nonetheless anticipated to contribute to the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through their large numbers of daily social contacts, some of which are intergenerational, with older age groups where the risk for more severe illness is increased. cache = ./cache/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267624-v6e9zzfg author = Rinkel, L. A. title = Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 123 flesch = 53 summary = We included consecutive patients who presented to the emergency departments with a suspected stroke and assessed the change in number of patients as an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) using a Poisson regression analysis. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on trends in hospital admissions for (suspected) stroke, patient characteristics, and workflow parameters of acute stroke care in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Study outcomes were: (1) change in the number of emergency department presentations; (2) change in proportion of stroke patients treated with IVT and EVT; (3) change in IVT and EVT treatment times; and (4) in-hospital complications. We observed a 24% decrease in the number of patients with a suspected stroke in the hospitals in the Amsterdam area during the height of the COVID-19 outbreak compared to a pre-COVID-19 control period. In summary, we found a substantial decrease in the number of suspected stroke presentations during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Amsterdam area, but no evidence for a change in quality of acute stroke care. cache = ./cache/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267538-6u3mwzc9 author = Mitra, Raman L. title = An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1975 sentences = 105 flesch = 46 summary = title: An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine KEYWORDS Acquired LQTS; Azithromycin; Chloroquine; COVID-19; Drug toxicity; Flow chart; Hydroxychloroquine; Long QT; Pandemic; Proarrhythmia; Torsades de pointes; Ventricular fibrillation (Heart Rhythm Case Reports 2020;-: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] March 16, 2020 with fever and cough after a 2-week course of sinus and upper respiratory tract symptoms initially treated with doxycycline, followed by levofloxacin as an outpatient. We felt that this property would make lidocaine an ideal adjunctive agent in the intensive care unit to allow COVID-19 patients to receive short-term dual therapy with azithromycin and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for acquired LQTS. In conclusion, although the theoretical risk of acquired LQTS and TdP is present with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, or azithromycin used alone or in combination, previous reports of combined treatment in malaria patients suggest that the risk is very low. cache = ./cache/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267697-b6cg5j32 author = Zhao, Kedong title = Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 723 sentences = 43 flesch = 60 summary = title: Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study 1, 2 Along with a significant decrease of daily new confirmed cases from over 3000 to less than 100 (19 on 9 March 2020), 3 China (outside Hubei) has entered a new stage of epidemic prevention and control coupled with a stepwise restoration of social and economic operations. 4 Rational risk assessment for the COVID-19 resurgence upon such economic restoration is of significance. Here, we estimated the probability of COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in typical provinces/cities (see Table 1 ) that were most affected by the outbreaks and/or are most economically important in China. Under the above assumptions, we collected the data of new COVID-19 cases in the past 14 days (from 28 February to 12 March; see Supplementary Table S1) in each area and also the population size and numbers of enterprises in 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267511-tb69dwg8 author = Talebian, Sepehr title = Why Go NANO on COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1964 sentences = 100 flesch = 46 summary = This will be essential to find viral particles in an efficient way and target them for destruction by developing NANOvaccines involved in host cell protection and immune and immunity response and/or anti-viral NANOagents, involved in inhibiting viral attachment, cell entry, and systemic infection (Figure 1 ). 6 Hence, one could imagine the realization of an oral multi-modal NANOvaccine for targeted delivery of a synthetic mRNA of the virus to the respiratory tract, with the purpose of enhancing the immunostimulatory activity of the vaccine, by simply including antibodies or small molecules that could target the interaction sites between ACE2 and SARS-CoV. Considering that viruses could be phylogenetically unrelated and structurally different, and given that most vaccines are virus specific, a promising approach would be that of developing broad-spectrum anti-viral NANOparticles to fight COVID-19 and future pandemics. Potential Therapeutic Approaches by which NANOtechnology Can Contribute against COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267713-i75e5vtw author = Lim, Andy title = An International Report on the Adaptations of Rapid Transient Ischaemic Attack Pathways During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 176 flesch = 52 summary = BACKGROUND: This report aims to describe changes that centres providing transient ischaemic attack (TIA) pathway services have made to stay operational in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID pandemic has led TIA clinics around the world to adapt and move to the use of telemedicine for outpatient clinic review and modified investigation pathways. The aim of this report is to provide a description of existing rapid TIA pathways around the world and understand the necessary adjustments in practice required to optimally evaluate and manage TIAs during the pandemic. The key findings were: (1) all participating centres remained operational, (2) change in assessment to telephone and/or video-enabled visits; (3) change in type of vascular imaging investigations, First, the fact that all participating centres reported an active status suggests that the commitment that health services have made to redirecting TIA patients to rapid and/or outpatient pathways is significant. cache = ./cache/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267699-h7ftu3ax author = MacIntyre, C. Raina title = A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4126 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. The aim of this study was to review the randomised controlled trials evidence for use of masks and respirators by the community, health care workers and sick patients for prevention of infection. (17) We conducted a randomised controlled trial comparing the targeted strategy tested in the two North American studies, with the wearing of respiratory protection during an entire shift, and showed efficacy for continual (but not targeted) use of a respirator (19) . cache = ./cache/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267691-whn49c79 author = Rooney, L. title = ‘Policing’ a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3503 sentences = 165 flesch = 46 summary = Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic's propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with 'policing' a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice. Given the minimal amount of media gratitude expressed to the Garda Síochána for their role in COVID-19, this research not only infers that officers are excluded access to certain sociocultural factors that mitigate environmental stressors but highlights an additional level of vulnerability that should be considered when developing support services for the Gardaí. cache = ./cache/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267618-ots27qks author = Molliqaj, Granit title = How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1195 sentences = 70 flesch = 60 summary = title: How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center Q1Q11 Q12 Q13 Q10 Granit Molliqaj and Karl Schaller BACKGROUND Who could have imagined that a virus in the 21st century could so quickly destabilize the world? 1 Nonetheless, on 30 January in Geneva, Switzerland, the Director-General of the World Health Organization made public that the outbreak of the new coronavirus 2019 met the criteria of a public health emergency of international concern. To date, Easter Monday (13 April 2020), more than 25,000 COVID-19Àpositive cases have been confirmed in laboratories and 884 deaths have been recorded for COVID-19 according to the Federal Office of Public Health (Figures 1 and 2) , and these numbers are steadily increasing. cache = ./cache/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267874-k6tmu5gi author = Ramírez, Ivan J. title = COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5173 sentences = 256 flesch = 52 summary = Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Using geographic information systems (GIS) and bivariate correlation analyses, this study investigated COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14, 2020 to April 8, 2020 at the county-level and the wider social, economic, and health context of emergence. Other indicators, although not as frequent suggest that COVID-19 incidence overlapped with higher rates of chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, and also influenza, particularly in Denver, Morgan, and Weld counties. Social determinants such as poverty and unemployment, variables which have higher prevalence in rural areas in Colorado, were significantly and positively associated with COVID-19 case fatality rates. Some social and health determinant factors associated (not causal) with patterns of higher COVID-19-related death rates were population density and asthma hospitalization, suggestive of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. cache = ./cache/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267815-4fw7xgnt author = Peña, Juan A. title = A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 170 flesch = 54 summary = We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. One center performed SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing for all support persons either on admission to labor and delivery (L&D), or 24 to 48 hours prior to a scheduled admission. For half of the sites, after 34 weeks, the risks of continued expectant management of a patient with COVID-19 seemed to outweigh the risks of prematurity, and these centers would forgo testing and recommend delivery. Here we report on the obstetrical practices and protocols from four academic medical centers in NYC at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267645-39sao4nu author = De Felice, Francesca title = A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2495 sentences = 135 flesch = 43 summary = OBJECTIVES: The objective of the paper was to assess real-life experience in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in radiotherapy departments and to evaluate the variability in terms of adherence to American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recommendations. Questions were set up in two main sections: (1) how the general management of HNC patients and hospital organization were changed in the acute phase of the outbreak (March 2020-May 2020) compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (October 2019-December 2019) and (2) how the management of different HNC primary tumors, including laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasal/paranasal sinus cancer was changed. cache = ./cache/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267856-t3ksa18w author = Funk, Colin D. title = A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4340 sentences = 232 flesch = 43 summary = We offer a simple treatment paradigm using two generic drugs targeting the hyperinflammatory response that characterizes the turning point from mild to severe/critical COVID-19 by targeting leukotriene biosynthesis with zileuton (Zyflo(®) controlled release formulation) and antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor with montelukast (Singulair(®)). By targeting vascular permeability, immune modulating and general inflammation-dampening effects at the CysLT 1 level with montelukast (Dahleń et al., 1981; Maeba et al., 2005; Capra et al., 2007; Tahan et al., 2008; Khodir et al., 2014) and LT biosynthesis with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton, to block both arms of the LT pathway ( Figure 2 ) and remove ligands for another key receptor regulating vascular permeability, CysLT 2 (Moos et al., 2008) , as well as inflammatory cell recruitment and endothelial cell adhesion via BLT 1 receptor (Ford-Hutchinson et al., 1980; Tager et al., 2003; Taube et al., 2006; Sasaki and Yokomizo, 2019) , there is a sound scientific basis for alleviating disease progression from mild to severe-critical stages of COVID-19 (Figures 1 and 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267748-uzt8a5nx author = Shiohara, Tetsuo title = Comment on “Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19”: Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 920 sentences = 51 flesch = 37 summary = title: Comment on "Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19": Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 We have read with great interest the publication by Herman, et al., which reported occurrence of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), in a COVID-19 patient: 1 the patient developed DiHS/DRESS 17~18 days after starting azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Indeed, diverse clinical symptoms in DiHS/DRESS have been also reported as COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations without confirming viral or drug etiologies: they include erythema multiforme, varicella, herpes zoster, pityriasis rosea, Kawasaki disease and urticaria, 5~7 in which herpesviruses, such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have been suggested to play a role. cache = ./cache/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267782-4pjfnund author = Lan, Fan-Yun title = Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5048 sentences = 272 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, we conducted this study aiming to investigate: 1) SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, transmission and exposure risks among grocery retail employees, 2) their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and perception on COVID-19 and 3) their mental health state during the COVID-19 pandemic. ► This is the first study to demonstrate the significant asymptomatic infection rate, exposure risks and associated psychological distress of grocery retail essential workers during the pandemic, which supports the policy recommendations that employers and government officials should take actions on implementing preventive strategies and administrative arrangements, such as methods to reduce interpersonal contact, repeat and routine SARS-CoV-2 employee testing, to ensure the health and safety of essential workers. 13 14 In fact, a pioneering study conducted in the Table 3 Characteristics of retail essential employees in a single grocery store in Massachusetts, USA presented for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, RT-PCR assay testing by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) screening score for depression These are in contrast to positions mainly dealing with consumer goods or the environment, such as stocker, backroom, receiving and maintenance. cache = ./cache/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267690-g0kesgjm author = Mueller, Sarina K. title = Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2802 sentences = 154 flesch = 51 summary = The objective of this study was to analyze procedures and outcomes of continuing semielective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing selected otorhinolaryngological surgeries is crucial for patients' health, survival, and long-time quality of life, yet, the protection of the medical personnel has to be granted. In case of a negative SARS-CoV-2 test, the scheduled surgery was performed the following day without special protective equipment ( Figure 1A) . If the SARS-CoV-2 test result could not be awaited due to the condition of the patient, the surgery was performed with full protective equipment consisting of a FFP2 or FFP3 (filtering face piece mask), a gown, a face shield, and double gloves. If the SARS-CoV-2 test result was positive, surgery was also performed with the full protective equipment. If the SARS-CoV-2 test was negative, surgery was performed as in the semi-elective cases without the above named protective equipment ( Figure 1B ). cache = ./cache/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267735-y3832u9e author = Sun, Wuping title = Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3073 sentences = 178 flesch = 40 summary = title: Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic It has been reported that hyper-immunity individuals have received treatment with immunosuppressive or modulatory agents; these approaches may increase the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Cai et al., 2020) . These results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune alteration in COVID-19 patients. These studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune alteration could further result in the concurrence of chronic pain since it affects the nervous system. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with various infection symptoms, and peripheral neuropathic pain is the most common and severe neurological manifestation that has been reported in HIV-positive, immunocompromised individuals (Amaniti et al., 2019) . Chronic pain patients have received limited treatment and discounted services during the COVID-19 outbreak due to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic pain patients may also have increased infection risks to SARS-CoV-2 due to complicated reasons. cache = ./cache/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268065-mxvbbkc4 author = Wei, Maoti title = Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4409 sentences = 246 flesch = 57 summary = Shortly after the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, and an information storm occurred. Based on information of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, the components of the epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed, as well as the role of natural and social factors involved. S ince the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Recent results showed that SARS-CoV-2 persists longer with a higher viral load and peaks later in the respiratory tissue of patients with severe disease; this phenomenon highlights the need for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Some experts commented that people with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection were not identified by epidemic prevention measures, thus accelerating the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267923-0z175ysz author = Li, Jingwen title = Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 804 sentences = 47 flesch = 49 summary = Wuhan Red Cross Hospital (WRCH), a general hospital and a trusteeship hospital of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, happened to be the first one in these designated hospitals that turned into a healthcare system specialized in treating COVID-19 patients. Although there was no protocol available on how to urgently transform a general hospital into an infectious disease hospital, at WRCH we changed our outpatients department into fever patients-only clinic in 8 hours and completed a ten-step reform of the whole hospital within 48 hours. As the first step, we set up a full time emergency leading group, an infection prevention team and a Medical Treatment Expert Group to coordinate and oversee COVID-19 operation for the whole hospital. Fourth, training all medical staff with infectious disease hospital instructions for self-protection and COVID-19 treatment with a standard protocol of Chinese Guideline. Psychiatry hospital management facing COVID-19: From medical staff to patients Management strategies in emergent hospital reform for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267907-zbsbqj9o author = Brown, Samantha M. title = Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7981 sentences = 402 flesch = 49 summary = METHOD: Tests of group differences and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships among demographic characteristics, COVID-19 related stressors, mental health risk, protective factors, parental perceived stress, and child abuse potential. Results also indicate racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 related stressors, but not in mental health risk, protective factors, perceived stress, or child abuse potential. That is, child maltreatment may occur from stressors that result from economic hardship, low education, single parenthood, or a large number of dependent children (Centers for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Running head: STRESS, PARENTING, AND COVID-19 3 Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.; Sedlak et al., 2010) , among others, but that might not otherwise impact persons outside of the family. In conclusion, this study examined the risk and protective impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to parental perceived stress and child abuse potential among families in the western United States. cache = ./cache/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268058-1ry3z2vb author = Di, Biao title = Identification and validation of predictive factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia by proteomics date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 115 flesch = 45 summary = Differential expression (DE) analysis between patients and healthy controls identified 43 and 47 significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively (Fig. 1b, c, Supplementary Table S3 ). The validation results indicate 8 (S100A8, OAF, 40S ribosomal protein S28 (RPS28), SOD2, MB, GSTO1, D-dopachrome decarboxylase (DDT) and CAPNS1) out of the 10 upregulated proteins are of significantly higher detection rate by PRM in the progression to severe samples than the moderate ones (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fig. 1h, Supplementary Figs. In addition, random forest analysis of the combined ELISA data of these three proteins also indicate a strong predictive power (AUC = 0.904, CI: 0.89-0.91) for severe patient detection ( Supplementary Fig. 10b, c) . cache = ./cache/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267971-xgwmda8e author = Tan, Shing Cheng title = Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2851 sentences = 204 flesch = 57 summary = Background: Numerous groups have reported the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, the data remained inconsistent. Understanding the clinical and 46 epidemiological characteristics of the disease is important for informing public health decision 47 making, which would enable improvement of surveillance and effective planning of treatment. (4) found that the male-to-female ratio among the 81 patients included 56 was close to 1:1, indicating that both genders were equally susceptible to 57 the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the 58 contagion shows no sign of slowing down (13). In this 60 study, a systematic review and pooled analysis was performed to characterize the clinical and 61 epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients. In this work, a systematic review and pooled analysis was 137 performed to combine data from 69 previous reports, in order to yield a more accurate summary 138 of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268085-vpzrk8u7 author = Mandal, Amrendra title = Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection and Its Practical Applications date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3106 sentences = 163 flesch = 43 summary = This outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is also commonly known as COVID-19. We reviewed the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing liver diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. This article aims to review the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing digestive diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis B virus co-infection Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme Abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268011-q24zsyn4 author = Rakshit, Bijoy title = When China sneezes, middle east states get the cold date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1570 sentences = 94 flesch = 59 summary = Finally, we explain the case of Middle East states and demonstrate the pathways that explain the economic repercussion of this global pandemic on the region. At the time, when China has experienced a drastic economic slowdown due to the closure of several manufacturing industries, the operations of the global supply chain have also got affected. In such a scenario, there will be an emergence of a global economic slowdown in the first half of 2020 and post the effect, the economies across the world will recover eventually. At the time, when the Chinese economy is already observing an economic slowdown, caused by the sudden disruption in the Apart from the public health crisis, the COVID-19 will affect the economy of the Middle East through the following channels. This is why it has been anticipated that COVID-19 will have an impact on the travel and tourism sector in the Middle East states. cache = ./cache/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267996-5l9shks8 author = Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title = The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6338 sentences = 330 flesch = 55 summary = variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not. cache = ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268135-77emtyen author = Moghadam, Vahid Damanpak title = Letter to the Editor: Additional Recommendations before Intubation of COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 399 sentences = 36 flesch = 45 summary = For instance, in a review article published by Jiang et al., respiratory symptoms including cough and dyspnea, are the common initial findings in such patients after fever. Based on recommendation of this article, anesthesiologists can use injection of lidocaine through the working throat channels before intubation and lidocaine spray as a topical anesthesia in awake patients, but as we know, this type of administrating lidocaine can cause further irritation of airway and tracheal spasm. Therefore, as a resolve of this problem and preventing cough in patients infected with COVID-19, we propose injecting intravenous lidocaine or dexmedetomidine before administrating tracheal intubation. The systematic review and meta-analysis articles published by Clivio et al. Expert recommendations for tracheal intubation in critically ill patients with noval coronavirus disease 2019 Intravenous lidocaine for the prevention of cough: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Medications to reduce emergence coughing after general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267947-dnv2xl0h author = Gornet, Jean-Marc title = What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19? date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3745 sentences = 167 flesch = 40 summary = Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. At the outset of the epidemic, there was a reported case of a 22-year-old female patient presenting with isolated febrile diarrhea along with normal blood test and negative fecal culture; on the other hand, chest scan revealed bilateral pneumopathy suggesting COVID-19 [7] . In a recent retrospective study involving 1141 patients presenting with documented infection, the frequency of initially isolated digestive disorders came to 16%, whereas in 96% of cases, injured lungs appeared on CT-scan [8] . This has also been reported in COVID-19, with a well-documented case of positive RT-PCR results in stools (during 7 days after hospital admission there were also 4 other negative RT-PCR test results, 2 on throat swabs, and the other 2 on sputum) in a patient presenting with non-severe bilateral pneumopathy [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268075-kbislbx0 author = Song, Limin title = Cardiovascular Changes in Patients With COVID-19 From Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4052 sentences = 224 flesch = 44 summary = Alternatively, ascending aortic dilation and LA enlargement might be present before infection but characterized the patient at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acute pneumonia is associated with an increased risk for cardiac complications at all levels of infection severity (4) . In this study, we retrospectively collected and analyzed detailed clinical data from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the Union Hospital (Wuhan, China). Myocardial injury associated with the SARS-CoV-2 occurred in five of the first 41 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan, which mainly manifested as an increase in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (2) . In summary, we have shown that hypertension is a common comorbidity among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and cardiac injury was the most common complication. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268145-0sv6fdtj author = Long, Brit title = Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1555 sentences = 104 flesch = 53 summary = Patients with increased work of breathing and hypoxemia due to COVID-19 who fail escalation of oxygen therapy and demonstrate clinical distress should undergo endotracheal intubation. 2 Wherever possible, patients with respiratory distress or hypoxemia and suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should first be placed in a negative pressure room or private room with the door closed given the potential need for aerosol-generating procedures. 2, 3 Flow rate and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) can be titrated based on patient requirements, reducing anatomical dead space, providing positive pressure, reducing inspiratory effort, and improving dynamic compliance. 1,2 High-flow nasal cannula is also more comfortable than other noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) devices. NIPPV other than high-flow nasal cannula may have a role in the management of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. You escalate oxygen therapy while using awake repositioning, and, finally with high-flow nasal cannula, the patient's work of breathing improves and oxygen saturation reaches 90%. cache = ./cache/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268040-6i0bmnee author = Dean, Elizabeth title = Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2047 sentences = 119 flesch = 39 summary = Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients' efforts when these are managed by other professionals. This being the era of NCDs, 46 physical therapists have long been urged to exploit lifestyle and behavioral medicine competencies, 47 to reverse NCDs and their risk factors, eg, atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, often within days or weeks, and atherosclerosis within one year or more. Consistent with the recent report of the Lancet EAT Commission, 57 the American College of Lifestyle Medicine advocates a whole-food plant-based nutrition to maximize health, prevent disease particularly NCDs, reverse these conditions, and reduce disability, premature death and socioeconomic burdens associated with them. Prevention and outcome of COVID-19 could be substantially impacted with exploitation of non-invasive strategies including health and lifestyle education and exercise, that are subsumed within contemporary physical therapist practice. cache = ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268049-7xqln70d author = Montrief, Tim title = COVID-19 respiratory support in the emergency department setting date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5197 sentences = 337 flesch = 45 summary = DISCUSSION: Patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at high risk for acute respiratory failure requiring airway management. [29] [30] [31] [32] Based on currently available evidence, the WHO states that "HFNC and NIV systems with good interface fitting do not create widespread dispersion of exhaled air and therefore should be associated with [a] low risk of airborne transmission." 15 The risk of respiratory pathogen transmission when using HFNC is subject to a variety of factors, including the duration of support, maximal flow rate, patient sneezing or coughing, cannula fit, and patient cooperation. 35 Many guidelines, including those by Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS), the WHO, and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend the use of HFNC in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional oxygen therapy. 20 Notably, the SCCM guidelines on the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 recommend "a trial of NIV with close monitoring and shortinterval assessment for worsening of respiratory failure" if HFNC is not available and there is no urgent indication for intubation. cache = ./cache/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268140-s5lailkp author = Atal, Shubham title = IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy? date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5174 sentences = 258 flesch = 41 summary = Considering the proven role of cytokine dysregulation in causing this hyperinflammation in the lungs with IL-6 being a key driver, particularly in seriously ill COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to further explore selective cytokine blockade with drugs like the IL-6 inhibitors tocilizumab, sarilumab, and siltuximab. Considering the proven role of cytokine dysregulation in serious COVID-19 and interleukin (IL)-6 being the key driver of this hyperinflammation, which can cause multi-organ failure, a series of clinical trials with IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab, sarilumab and siltuximab are underway. Another Italian Phase II open-label trial (NCT04315480) with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg single dose is being conducted in patients with severe multifocal interstitial pneumonia due to COVID-19 to evaluate its role in the virus-induced cytokine storm, in blocking deterioration of lung function or even promoting a rapid improvement of clinical conditions, preventing naso-tracheal intubation and/or death [51] . cache = ./cache/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268176-tb12txdf author = Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia title = Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5794 sentences = 274 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. There were no statistically significant differences for NRS and the studied variables, but the prevalence of anxiety was highest among the children who maintained social distance with someone other than the parents (28.6%, n = 16). Higher levels of anxiety (CAQ ≥ 9) were associated with social distancing, the number of persons at home, guardians' age, and education level of the guardians. The prevalence of anxiety among the children during the COVID-19 pandemic in this group was 19.4% (n = 56), according to the CAQ, and 21.8% (n = 63), according to the NRS. cache = ./cache/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268062-f03acrrd author = Weaver, Michael title = COVID-19 and Jaundice date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 769 sentences = 45 flesch = 46 summary = This is sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) and biliary cast syndrome likely as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. 2 Secondary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by multifocal biliary stricturing and can be due to a variety of causes including infection and ischemic cholangitis among others. 3 Here we postulate that our patient developed SC-CIP and biliary cast syndrome as sequelae of COVID-19 infection. The resultant hypotension and shock from the initial COVID-19 infection likely precipitated biliary ischemia and subsequent sclerosing cholangitis with biliary cast formation. Furthermore, it is plausible that the patient may have developed local microthrombi and microangiopathy, akin to the pulmonary vascular thrombosis and microangiopathy observed in COVID-19 autopsy specimens, 2 resulting in biliary ischemia, especially in a prothrombotic patient who developed bilateral DVTs who could not be anticoagulated. cache = ./cache/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268112-zk8z8z4i author = Zhu, Linnan title = Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals distinct immune response landscapes of COVID-19 and influenza patients date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3252 sentences = 177 flesch = 46 summary = Genes in the 210 group "Response to type I interferon signaling" were enriched in T, B and NK cell 211 subsets of D1 and D4, but not D16 samples (Figures 3A and S3A 3A and S3A) , which may be due to a higher proportion of plasma cells in B cell 219 clusters because high demand of protein synthesis was required during antibody 220 production. In 263 addition to the XAF1 related apoptosis pathway, expression of genes in other 264 apoptosis-linked pathways, including TNF-and Fas pathways (Elmore, 2007) , was 265 examined in both COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (Figures 3F and S3E) . Taken together, we find that up-regulated genes relevant to 274 the XAF1-, TNF-, and Fas pathways may lead to increased T cell apoptosis in 275 COVID-19 patients. In addition, RUNX3 expression was up-regulated 297 in activated CD4 + T cells of IAV patients compared to the other groups ( Figure 4B) . cache = ./cache/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268190-r428y2j9 author = Vivanti, Alexandre J. title = Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 161 flesch = 50 summary = INTRODUCTION: In the context of the stage 3 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic situation, it is necessary to put forward a method of rapid response for an HAS position statement in order to answer to the requests from the French Ministry of Solidarity and Health, healthcare professionals and/or health system users' associations, concerning post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the shorter length of stay in the maternity unit, it is recommended that a newborn child be examined in person between the 6 th and 10 th day after the birth, preferably by a paediatrician or a general practitioner. The newborn's visit planned during the second week (close medical supervision of the infant) is left, during an outbreak of COVID-19, to the decision of the paediatrician or general practitioner who examined the child between the 6 th and 10 th day postpartum. A mother with COVID-19 and her child are monitored by their general practitioner and, if necessary, the paediatrician for the newborn. cache = ./cache/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268117-5xhc3h0z author = Merzon, E. title = Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3129 sentences = 232 flesch = 55 summary = title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between low plasma 25(OH)D level and increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection [crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 (95% CI 1.24-2.01, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus [crude OR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.01-4.30, p<0.05)]. The main finding of this study was the low plasma 25(OH)D level association with COVID-19 hospitalization risks, for patients tested positively for COVID-19, after adjusting for age, gender, SES and chronic, mental and physical disorders. To conclude, our study found that suboptimal plasma vitamin D levels may be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection, particularly, for the high hospitalization risks, independent of demographic characteristics and medical conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268206-ino9srb6 author = Hamed, Manal A. title = An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6067 sentences = 330 flesch = 46 summary = Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and around the world. In the current SARS-COV-2 pandemic, Wu and McGoogan (2020) showed that patients with chronic diseases, including diabetes, were at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. The former (S) is the wild type which is milder while the latter (L) is the novel one which resulted in high binding affinity between SARS-COV-2 virus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in human cells. The use of convalescent plasma was recommended before as an important treatment during outbreaks of Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-COV-1, H5N1 avian influenza, and H1N1 influenza (Zhou et al. In a study involving patients with pandemic influenza (H1N1) and SARS virus, treatment of severe infection with convalescent plasma was associated with reduced respiratory viral load, serum cytokine response, and mortality (Cheng et al. cache = ./cache/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268064-ljjcyv92 author = Zhao, Guolian title = A comparative study of the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stage date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1755 sentences = 110 flesch = 49 summary = RESULTS: A higher RDW‐CV level and neutrophil percentage and lower levels of total proteins, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and MCH were found in COVID‐19 patients compared with those in controls from the clinical recovery to the postdischarge recovery stages. Further analysis showed that decreases in lymphocytes, total proteins, and SOD and elevations in neutrophils, FDP, CRP, and ESR were more common in severe than moderate cases of COVID‐19 during hospitalization; however, differences in these indicators, except total proteins, were not observed in the postdischarge recovery stages. In this study, a systematic review and pooled analysis were performed to compare the laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients and patients with other viral pneumonias from the clinical recovery stage to the 4 weeks postdischarge recovery stage. To observe the major differences between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stages, the dynamic profiles of the major laboratory parameters in COVID-19 and control patients cache = ./cache/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268330-mo5myrz4 author = Gentile, Pietro title = Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4618 sentences = 239 flesch = 47 summary = title: Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia [1] , reported exceptional outcomes in improved pulmonary functional activity, into seven patients who suffered Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) after an intravenous administration of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). [1] , 7 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, with COVID-19 pneumonia (study group), showed a great improving pulmonary functional activity after an intravenous administration of clinical-grade MSCs [1] . The rationale of the present work is to suggest the possibility to use autologous or allogeneic adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) (in the last case after decellularization and with good manufacturing practices -GMPlaboratory approval) intravenously or directly through a ventilation mask (aerosol). In the last case, it could be possible to donate human adipose tissue to GMP, EMA, or FDA Laboratory or bank to isolate SVFs and ASCs and re-infuse the cellular product obtained, as certified drugs, in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268354-dq17uhzx author = Lastinger, Lauren T. title = Triage and management of the ACHD patient with COVID-19: A single center approach date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1782 sentences = 95 flesch = 46 summary = Given that general internists and general cardiologists will often be asked to evaluate this group during the pandemic, we propose here an abbreviated triage algorithm that will assist in identifying the patient's overarching ACHD phenotype and baseline cardiac status. The strategy outlined allows for rapid triage and groups various anatomic CHD variants into overarching phenotypes, permitting care teams to quickly review key points in the management of moderate to severely complex ACHD patients. This "ACHD phenotype" will allow the non-ACHD physician evaluating a patient with known/suspected COVID-19 to rapidly recognize CHD anatomy and apply appropriate triage guidelines based upon the phenotype and baseline physiologic CHD level of compensation/decompensation. Triage of the moderate-severely complex ACHD patient with known/suspected COVID-19 relies on a multi-step process that assesses patient characteristics in the following order: 1) Degree of COVID-19-specific symptoms, 2) Classification of COVID-19 symptom severity, 3) Assessment of general ACHD-based high-risk features and 4) Inpatient triage and management-specific key points based upon the over-arching ACHD phenotype. cache = ./cache/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268293-u5r2id8i author = Hess, Robert G. title = Shared Governance During a Pandemic date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1805 sentences = 108 flesch = 53 summary = As the pandemic ensued, shared governance endured at hospitals with well-established models, even without council meetings. Shared governance structures and processes, whether unit-based or hospital-wide, afford opportunities for clinical nurses make decisions related to staffing, policy and procedure development, necessary resources, and even innovation and research that is needed. In the 21st century, it is hoped that nurse leaders continue to see the value of shared governance-and not just as a way to meet the American Nurses Credentialing Center's criteria for Magnet ® or Pathway to Excellence ® standards. During the COVID-19 pandemic, shared governance endured at hospitals with wellestablished models even without council meetings. For example, many mature shared governance models have unit-based phone or e-mail trees, where each individual council member is responsible for relaying communications to 3 or more people, and they, in turn, have a similar number of professionals and so on, until messages reach the entire staff of the nursing unit or division. cache = ./cache/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268084-pttsahkb author = Vest, N. A. title = Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1807 sentences = 131 flesch = 54 summary = title: Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system Objective: Using latent profile analysis, we sought to characterize Texas prisons on levels of COVID-19 cases and deaths among incarcerated residents, and COVID-19 cases among prison staff. Additionally, current prison population and level of employee staffing predicted membership in the high outbreak and high death profiles when compared to the low outbreak profile. We use latent profile analysis (LPA) to provide data-driven patterns of the COVID-19 outbreak in Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), the largest state prison system. The primary outcome was a latent profile of Texas prisons based on their levels of incarcerated resident COVID-19 cases, incarcerated resident COVID-19 deaths, and staff COVID-19 cases. Secondary outcomes included prison level predictors of latent profile membership (population, capacity, age of the prison, and staff levels). cache = ./cache/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268126-u9z1rir1 author = Ranisch, Robert title = Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5328 sentences = 279 flesch = 47 summary = The viability of CT apps as a useful pandemic-response measure, depends on a complex interplay of criteria, such as pragmatic assumptions about effectiveness, the likelihood of public health benefit, technological specifications, legal requirements etc. Nevertheless, risks that cannot be easily mitigated or avoided could still be acceptable, considering the severity of a pandemic situation, the importance of effective contact tracing to manage it, and the scope of established measures to stop virus transmission. Predicting future uptake of CT apps is difficult and depends on various factors, such as the penetration range rate of digital technologies in a society, the possibility to download and use the app on different types of smartphones, the credibility of institutions offering these solutions, and viable solutions for ethical concerns such as data security. Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity tracking technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing. cache = ./cache/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268425-xg8xnjf9 author = DiNicolantonio, James J. title = Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3891 sentences = 251 flesch = 41 summary = 5 Importantly, neutrophils, whose activation and transit into lung interstitial tissue and alveolar space is a key mediator of the respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19, are highly responsive to the functionally suppressive effects of A2AR, as are the endothelial cells whose activation attracts and enables transendothelial passage of activated neutrophils. Most studies with DIP have focused on its platelet-stabilizing effects -which presumably could provide some protection from SARS-CoV-2's pro-thrombotic effects -but experimental studies also show that DIP can act on neutrophils to suppress superoxide production, adhesion to endothelial cells, and, in a mouse model of anti-phospholipid syndrome (a sometime feature of COVID-19), NETosis formation. 79 Supplemental glucosamine may likewise up-regulate the type 1 interferon responses to viruses, while exerting anti-inflammatory effects that render it protective in rodent models of sepsis and lung inflammation induced by LPS or cigarette smoke. cache = ./cache/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268347-xz6fptol author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for systemic rheumatic diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic: more questions than answers date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2665 sentences = 132 flesch = 33 summary = It is not known for certain if there is an association between any pharmacological agent used for rheumatologic treatment, including biological and non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and an increased risk of COVID-19 acquisition or adverse outcomes from COVID-19, although these agents have been associated with an overall higher risk of infections. To illustrate, the aforementioned prospective case series [3] that included 86 patients from New York with confirmed or presumptive COVID-19 with concurrent immunemediated inflammatory disease reported no increased odds of COVID-19 hospitalization among those who were receiving biological agents or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors at baseline [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 95% CI 0.71-1.02]. There are proven benefits for initiation or continuation of any pharmacological agents for the management of systemic rheumatic diseases, including treatment with conventional DMARDs and other immunosuppressive agents (e.g. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, leflunomide, tacrolimus, ciclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine), as well as biological DMARDs, such as abatacept, tocilizumab and JAK inhibitors (e.g. tofacitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib). cache = ./cache/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268247-psrijhg2 author = Ullah, Waqas title = As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on, where have all the STEMIs gone? date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 978 sentences = 71 flesch = 51 summary = Despite the high rate of cardiovascular complications, contemporary reports show that COVID-19 concerns have prompted patients to delay seeking emergent care, reducing the number of STEMI cases. [5, 6] Reluctance to visit a hospital due to fear of morbidity related to COVID-19 only adds to time delays in managing STEMI due to increased precautionary measures and accessory testing in the ED, delayed triaging, short staffing and slow activation of cardiac catheterization labs, putting patients at risk of worse clinical outcomes. Early recommendations from the Wuhan experience included intravenous thrombolysis as first-line therapy for STEMI patients with confirmed COVID-19 given that most hospitals do not have protected cardiac catheterization labs and coronary care units for respiratory borne illnesses. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China. Reduction in ST-Segment Elevation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activations in the United States during COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268306-wreifhzl author = Leitao, Darren Jonathan title = Pediatric rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal during the COVID-19 pandemic: case report date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3147 sentences = 170 flesch = 48 summary = These protocols have introduced and incorporated unique surgical draping over the patient to trap aerosols during bronchoscopy, minimized equipment and personnel in operating environments, and outlined the PPE requirements for staff. This paper will highlight our experience of a case of bronchoscopy for foreign body removal under emergent conditions, and our operating room processes developed to manage these cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, our team felt that enhanced PPE for staff was superior to additional environmental controls, and that our standard anesthetic and surgical technique would allow for the fastest procedure with the least exposure time for HCWs. As new techniques evolve and with more opportunities to practice in simulation, the use of additional draping techniques may allow for preservation of critical PPE while still maintaining safety for operating room personnel. Airway emergency simulation exercises are an invaluable resource to identify critical areas for improvement, especially when considering the dramatic changes to the operating room environment and surgical techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268324-86a0n0dc author = Charitos, Ioannis A title = Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6117 sentences = 279 flesch = 42 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The clinical picture of critical patients with severe inflammatory-induced lung disease and with sepsis or septic shock needing intensive care support and mechanical ventilation is characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms of life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction or failure, including dyspnoea, tachypnoea (respiratory rate of > 30/min), tachycardia, chest pain or tightness, hypoxemia, virus-induced distributive shock, cardiac dysfunction, elevations in multiple inflammatory cytokines, renal impairment with oliguria, altered mental status, functional alterations of organs expressed as laboratory data of hyperbilirubinemia, acidosis [serum lactate level > 2 mmol/L (18 mg/dL)], coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia. cache = ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268426-sz9ftmxr author = Maalla M’jid, Najat title = Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1807 sentences = 102 flesch = 55 summary = title: Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. While the data we have so far are only indicative, the mitigation measures taken in response to COVID-19 have heightened the risk of children experiencing or being exposed to violence at home due to school closures, confinement measures, and added family stress related to job loss, isolation, and anxieties over health and finances [5] . The United Nations issued a joint Agenda for Action on Child Protection and COVID-19 to highlight the steps States need to take to ensure that children's protection from violence is prioritized in the response to the pandemic [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268179-bmtfanax author = Fan, Jingchun title = Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4943 sentences = 237 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education. We set either twice or four times as the minimum frequency of keywords occurrence in English or Chinese publications, respectively, reflecting the number of included studies (143 or 721, respectively) and the consequent analysis results. The publications in English have enabled doctors/scientists to share/exchange information at the international level; the publications in the Chinese language provides complementary educational approaches for the local doctors to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China for the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268389-0agwvsrv author = Kaminski, Monica A. title = Tocilizumab Therapy of COVID-19: A Comparison of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Therapies date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3409 sentences = 184 flesch = 47 summary = This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, on respiratory parameters and clinical outcome in patients with COVID 19. C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients in the IV group that did not respond (Table 2) Lastly, laboratory markers of inflammation were analyzed before and during the seven days following tocilizumab therapy to identify trends that correlated with response involving the respiratory parameters (Table 3) . Tocilizumab has been found to be associated with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory disease, particularly for patients with critical illness (i.e., requiring mechanical ventilation) (Rossotti et al., 2020 , Somers et al., 2020 . In our report, levels of C-reactive protein fell acutely in both patients that did and did not have improvement in respiratory parameters seven days following tocilizumab therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268455-btuzihsy author = de Santiago, Javier title = COVID-19: gynecologic cancer surgery at a single center in Madrid date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2968 sentences = 170 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical treatment of gynecological cancer patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in our center. During this period, the hospital was divided into two separate areas, independent of each other, assisting COVID-19 cases and at the same time allocating resources to surgical care, follow-up, or ongoing treatments of patients with cancer. Our study showed that we were able to safely manage 126 gynecological cancer surgeries in the COVID free zone during the pandemic, avoiding delays or cancellations. The number of low complexity surgeries with short hospital stays included in the study may have influenced the risk of postoperative contagion, and the fact that the PCR test before surgery was not performed in half of the patients due to low availability could have reduced the diagnosis of the infection. This study, conducted in a partial COVID-19 free hospital, showed that with adequate preventive and protective measures, cancer surgery was possible and did not significantly compromise patients or healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268453-87b298uk author = Ibáñez, Sebastián title = Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy? date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3500 sentences = 150 flesch = 48 summary = In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). HCQ was, in vitro, at least as effective as chloroquine in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection, although it should be noted that studies on its mechanisms of action are not as extensive as with CQ [30] . The evidence for the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in COVID-19 is not good so far, not only because of the negative results of most of the studies but also because of their design, when publishing results of a very low number of patients, when reporting favorable results but without having a control group that allows comparison, when choosing results for which it will be very difficult to find significant differences, such as mortality, or for which their clinical relevance is uncertain. cache = ./cache/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268548-sujsnw2w author = Monaco, Maria Rita Lo title = An educational case series of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 774 sentences = 57 flesch = 49 summary = Some studies suggest that patients with PD exhibit increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and an excess of pneumonia is reported as a causeof death in patients with Parkinson's disease [2] . His confusion gradually resolved, oxygen requirements improved, and was discharged to home after an 11-day hospitalization. 66-year-old man with a 10-year history of PD presented to the Emergency Department with three days of dry cough and dyspnea. He was hospitalized and started a course of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir per institutional protocol. He gradually improved and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility after a 21-day hospitalization. 56-year-old man with juvenile parkinsonism, presented to the Emergency Department with three days of dry cough, subjective fever, and myalgias. The only fatality was a patient with multiple risk factors, including advanced age, nursing home residence, multiple comorbidities. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the cache = ./cache/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268390-npuvodd4 author = Rehman, Aziz ul title = The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1277 sentences = 64 flesch = 42 summary = • Raman and fluorescence signature of ACE-2 specific proteins is the basis for real time detection of COVID-19. This letter to the editor aims to introduce primary and secondary biomarkers whose reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence signals can be used for optical diagnosis of COVID-19 to the scientific community and persuade to build portable, cost effective, label free and real time optical devices for its detection. Keeping in view the epidemic nature of COVID-19, we need early stage, cost effective, real time diagnosis and portable devices to detect this disease so that treatment can be started to save the vulnerable population. Similarly, nucleic acid and protein bound coenzymes molecules like NADH, FAD have their own specific fluorescence biomarkers when excited with UV-A light [13] and can be used for label free detection of COVID-19 on early stages employing portable optical detection systems. cache = ./cache/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268524-lr51ubz5 author = Droit-Volet, Sylvie title = Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time free, «Dying» of boredom and sadness date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5266 sentences = 262 flesch = 56 summary = This time experience was not explained by the levels of perceived stress or anxiety, although these were considerable, but rather by the increase in boredom and sadness felt in the lockdown situation. The aim of the present study was thus to conduct a scale survey on a large sample of an as yet untested population-French people-in order to assess not only the perceived stress related to Covid-19 but also the emotions (happiness, boredom, arousal) felt during as compared to before the lockdown and their links to the subjective experience of time. There is thus a risk in this period of pandemic that the chronic stress related to Covid-19 and its corollaries (anxiety, fear of death) are particularly high and therefore impact the subjective experience of time by speeding up the perceived passage of time. cache = ./cache/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268329-apl6n6jl author = Antunes, Douglas Eulálio title = Will cases of leprosy reaction increase with COVID-19 infection? date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1508 sentences = 79 flesch = 45 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus (betaCoV)-emerged for the first time as an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and it is now spreading to several countries around the world [1] . Some studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have reported the presence of a cytokine storm syndrome and a subgroup of patients who progressed to severe forms of the disease, expressing a pro-inflammatory profile in plasma with IL-2, IL-7, TNF-α, and others as significant complications, such as occurs in T1R [10, 11] . In both reactions, we warn of the possible effect that COVID-19 infection may have on the number of cases of these immunological events because the presence of infection is an important risk factor for triggering leprosy reactions [8] . Another disturbing factor, which may contribute to the susceptibility of those affected by leprosy reactions, are the treatments implemented during these events that interfere with the inflammatory response of these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268470-dgxn32ls author = Sharma, Abhishek title = Obesity is Associated with More Critical Illness in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 933 sentences = 66 flesch = 59 summary = To the Editor: In follow-up to recent major state-of-the-art review on Obesity and Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), 1 we have additional data regarding the relationship of obesity with outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We performed a rapid review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether obesity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The following key words were used for search in different combinations: "Coronavirus 2019", "Covid-19", "SARS-CoV2", "Obesity", "Body mass index", and "Outcomes". The primary outcome was critical illness In this rapid review and meta-analysis, obesity was associated with a 39% increased risk of critical illness, defined by individual study protocol as ICU admission, need for IMV, or hospice admission or death. Despite these study limitations, however, our data of a 39% increase in worse outcomes associated with obesity strongly supports the recent paper in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Factors associated with hospitalization and critical illness among 4,103 patients with COVID-19 disease in New York City cache = ./cache/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268483-joiajgs4 author = Shah, Vibhuti Kumar title = Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10644 sentences = 477 flesch = 43 summary = As there are no specific treatments available for this novel coronavirus, numerous small molecular drugs that are being used for the treatment of diseases like SARS, MERS, HIV, ebola, malaria, and tuberculosis are being given to COVID-19 patients, and clinical trials for many such drugs have already begun. An ELISA-based time kinetics study to detect the COVID-19 specific humoral immune response showed that the patients produced IgM and IgG antibodies that did not cross-react with other human coronaviruses except SARS-CoV. A case study on pediatric patients reports that 5 out of 6 children showed a protective humoral response, with neutralizing IgG and IgM antibodies targeting the N and S-RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (65) . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice cache = ./cache/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268357-oijcqk0n author = Parra-Medina, Rafael title = Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 719 sentences = 55 flesch = 42 summary = title: Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression Based on the 250 COVID-19 autopsies found during our systematic review through March 30, 2020; we concur with the article hypothesis of mechanisms of infection and the tissular injury. Disorders of macrophages as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) have been reported in COVID-19 [6, 7] . This condition has also been reported in cases with SARS-CoV-1 and in other viral infections like hepatitis B and C, mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, and HPV [18] . A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly decimates human spleens and lymph nodes. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an autopsy series with clinical and laboratory correlation. cache = ./cache/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268424-5c6edaw8 author = Behera, D. title = Tb Cotrol In India In The Covid Era date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1204 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has upset the major public health care system throughout the world. In all these countries, the disruption to TB services due to the EVD epidemic would have increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, TB morbidity and mortality, and decreased patient adherence to TB treatment, and the likely impact will not be known for several years to come. The COVID-19 pandemic will impact existing and well-performing public health programs including the tuberculosis (TB) control programs (30) . Impact of infectious disease epidemics on tuberculosis diagnostic, management, and prevention services: experiences and lessons from the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes Predicted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tuberculosis deaths in 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268622-3jireyep author = Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi title = The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4071 sentences = 247 flesch = 53 summary = Researchers have reported some useful information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indeed, these outcomes have elucidated the principal mechanism that the oral cavity is basically in higher risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection and showed a piece of conformation for the ongoing inhibition approach in clinical implementation It has been also revealed that in addition to causing fever and respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 resulted in gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea, vomiting and some pains in abdominal part . Figure 2C also shows the SARS-CoV-2 infection-related sensitive organs which can explain about the non-respiratory symptoms identified in COVID-19 patients . According to a report from China, the fatality is observed in older people as well as patients with hypertension, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and CVDs. One of the most likely mechanisms by which COVID-19 can causes lung and cardiac damage is through the SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 receptors. cache = ./cache/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268617-1t7yaoct author = Ismaili, Nabil title = COVID-19 and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of International Recommendations date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3974 sentences = 216 flesch = 42 summary = Given this epidemiological context, the establishment of guidelines for patients with gynecological cancers, requiring multidisciplinary management during the global COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial to limit their infection while maintaining their chances for a cure. The surgical prioritization is determined according to: The highest priority should be given to the surgical treatment of high-risk cancers, especially those candidates for minimally invasive surgery (such as robotic surgery) and short hospital stay, in addition to potentially curative procedures for early-stage cancers. In stage II endometrial cancer, proceed with radical surgery and consider adjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk factors (same as stage I). For patients with advanced stage (stages III/IV) high-grade epithelial (serous or endometrioid) ovarian cancer, the standard treatment is based on primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (protocol based on the result of the surgery). cache = ./cache/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268638-3lz60dyd author = Allen, Joshua C. title = Dispatches from the Frontlines: A Critical Care Nurse's Response to COVID19 date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1494 sentences = 67 flesch = 58 summary = As part of this unit,I've donned PPE and participated in countless training exercises, and prepared other clinicians to safely care for people with highly pathogenic infectious diseases.What followed the activation alert, however, was a dynamic interplay between deliberate biosafety methodologies and rapid, reflexive critical care interventions as my teammates and I navigated a novel, burgeoning health threat that called for a whole-system response.As this pandemic continues to exact a grave toll on healthcare workers, our families and our communities, politicians have asked, "How could we have seen this coming?" "As a pandemic preparedness researcher, my question to them is, "How could you not have seen this coming?" This perspective piece argues that despite the many missed opportunities to prepare for this crisis, the greatest opportunities lie ahead of us if we choose today to invest in pandemic preparedness for tomorrow. cache = ./cache/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268468-036i1082 author = Asif, Muhammad title = The role of biosensors in COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3204 sentences = 189 flesch = 43 summary = In this review, the importance of biosensors including electrochemical, surface enhanced Raman scattering, field-effect transistor and surface plasmon resonance biosensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been underscored. In this outbreak, three different types of diagnosis tests are being used including (i) chest CT scan along with clinical indications, (ii) RNA detection using RT-PCR assay and (iii) lateral flow assays, full automatic chemiluminescence method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies [5] . In this review, we have summarized the biosensor based technologies which are able to detect SARS-CoV-2 effectively. The peptide monolayer was successfully coated on SPR biosensor and further functionalized with virus nucleocapsid protein which was finally able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at nanomolar level. The sensing aptitude of the biosensor was evaluated employing antigen protein, self-cultured virus, and nasopharyngeal swab samples taken from people infected with COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-268468-036i1082.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268468-036i1082.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268531-igjeai8c author = Zerah, Lorène title = Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4030 sentences = 210 flesch = 46 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study On multivariate analysis, at COVID-19 onset, the probability of in-hospital mortality was increased with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% CI 1.30–2.63), ADL score <4 (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.25–2.70), asthenia (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.08–2.32), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2 (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.64–4.22), and specific COVID-19 anomalies on chest computerized tomography (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.07–6.46). Although age has been widely reported as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death, no large geriatric cohort of older patients hospitalized in a geriatric ward has been described. The objective of this multicentric French retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a large cohort of older patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to acute care geriatric wards and to determine the prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268540-wrjzr3ws author = Park, You Jeong title = Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16363 sentences = 868 flesch = 45 summary = A potential target for drug development for COVID-19 also involves inhibition of ACE2, the host cell receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is primed by TMPRSS2 protease and may prevent the entry of the virus. As previously described, the intermolecular interaction between the viral SP and human ACE2 Phase II CAStem cells will be intravenously injected into patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by COVID-19. Phase II Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 will be treated with intravenous UC-MSCs at a dose 1 million xKg. Patient improvement will be evaluated over three weeks, along with the assessment of the immune profile, investigating the stem cells' effect on the cytokine storm. The similarities in systemic multi-organ complications between H7N9 and Sars-Cov-2 infections, along with direct evidence of the benefits of MSCs transplantation for COVID-19, further supports the potential of stem cells as an effective treatment [138] . cache = ./cache/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268525-j06u3brl author = Lucchese, Guglielmo title = Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 indicate autoimmunity date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 285 sentences = 22 flesch = 50 summary = All of these studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the CSF of patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations. [1] [2] [3] [4] Further results 5 support an indirect mechanism, showing a high prevalence of autoantibodies, mainly against unknown autoantigens in the brain, in CSF from patients with COVID-19 and neurological complications. It appears, therefore, that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not caused by direct cytopathic effects but indirect immune-mediated mechanisms targeting various unknown elements of the nervous system. Testing the immune reactivity of the CSF of patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations against candidate targets for autoimmunity might be the next step to elucidate the mechanisms of damage to the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms Patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations show undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268693-td6kvmlq author = Martins, Leila Droprinchinski title = How socio-economic and atmospheric variables impact COVID-19 and Influenza outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4428 sentences = 231 flesch = 51 summary = COVID-19 and Influenza are both respiratory viruses and, in this study, we explore the relations of COVID-19 and Influenza with atmospheric variables and socio-economic conditions for tropical and subtropical climates in Brazil. Atmospheric variables, mobility, socio-economic conditions and population information were analyzed using a generalized additive model for daily COVID-19 cases from March 1(st) to May 15(th), 2020, and for daily Influenza hospitalizations (2017-2019) in Brazilian states representing tropical and subtropical climates. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the associations of COVID-19 cases and the number of hospital admissions by Influenza with atmospheric variables, social distancing and socio-economic conditions for different climate regions in Brazil. The socio-economic conditions also show wide variations inside the country; thus, it is a perfect J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f area to study the influence of these factors on the dissemination of COVID-19 and Influenza, two respiratory viruses with similarities in the modes of transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268705-crcs6d0a author = Harrogate, Suzanne title = Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1243 sentences = 99 flesch = 44 summary = We present two cases of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in patients with severe COVID-19. Careful review of neuroimaging for haemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 should be undertaken, particularly for those patients receiving enhanced prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. We report 2 cases of non-aneurysmal SAH in severe COVID-19 and hypothesise that this occurred as a complication of thromboembolic disease in the context of enhanced prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease. These cases add to the clinical spectrum of neurological complications associated with COVID-19 and highlight the importance of careful review of neuroimaging in patients with severe COVID-19. [9] At day 11, a CT head scan performed for reduced conscious level following sedation hold demonstrated multifocal, small volume, convexity SAH (Figs. We report 2 cases of nonaneurysmal SAH which have occurred in patients with severe COVID-19. These cases highlight that, although prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis associated with COVID-19 are undoubtedly important, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of haemorrhagic complications, particularly those associated with thromboembolic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268690-xle4bx49 author = Gao, Lei title = Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2010 sentences = 133 flesch = 54 summary = Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were shown in figure 1 to analyze the prognostic value and the best cutoff of NT-proBNP for prediction in-hospital death. Meanwhile, older, male, history of hypertension (HP), myoglobin (MYO), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), high-sensitivity troponin-I (Hs-TnI), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), c-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were correlated with the risk of in-hospital death (Table 2) Modes of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent prognostic effect of NT-proBNP level. The present study for the first time showed the relationship between plasma NT-proBNP level and risks of in-hospital death in severe COVID-19 patients. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author = Salton, Francesco title = Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 275 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. [6] We hypothesized that early MP treatment in hypoxemic patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at higher risk for ARF progression requiring invasive MV, may quicken disease resolution, reducing the need for ICU support and mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of both the primary composite endpoint and all-cause death, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), taking into account the confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, and baseline values of SOFA score, PaO 2 :FiO 2 , CRP levels) potentially associated with the outcome. In our multicenter study, patients exposed to MP encountered the primary composite endpoint of ICU referral, need for invasive MV or in-hospital all-cause death significantly less compared to the control group (adjusted HR 0.41). cache = ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268707-fip5e95c author = Williamson, Heather J title = Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 86 flesch = 54 summary = Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005) . Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017) . Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation. This "digital divide" experienced by older adults and rural providers is creating additional barriers for local AAA chapters to keep in touch with the aging family caregivers they are attempting to serve during COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268716-lbxmteyn author = Erokhin, Vasilii title = Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13008 sentences = 669 flesch = 53 summary = The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto's causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. According to the FAO [2] , out of 65 developing economies and LDCs where recent adverse impacts of the economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic on food security have been strongest, 52 countries rely heavily on agricultural imports. (3) revealing the impacts of food inflation and currency exchange volatilities amid the global health crisis on economic access to food in domestic markets; and (4) detailing the analysis of above-mentioned health, food security, trade, and economic parameters across an array of developing economies and LDCs. The approach employed in this study is to assess the relationships between the food security parameter, on one side, and health and macroeconomic variables that affect availability and access pillars of food security, on the other. cache = ./cache/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268747-619eztla author = Bernar, Benoît title = SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a 7‐year‐old girl with pancytopenia during acute lymphocytic leukemia maintenance therapy date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 615 sentences = 55 flesch = 58 summary = Emerging in China in December 2019 1 and classified by the World Health Organization as causing pandemic disease in March 2020, 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major challenge in most nations. 7, 8 Systemic immunosuppression renders adult patients with cancer more susceptible to infection, 9 In mid-March, leukopenia, 1.5 G/L, and thrombocytopenia, 50 000 G/L, prompted a reduction in maintenance therapy. Our experience with this patient-so far as we know, the first child with COVID-19 during pancytopenia induced by maintenance therapy for ALL-suggests reassuringly that the course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients can be mild even if assessed risk for complications is high, as with immunosuppression and pancytopenia. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China cache = ./cache/cord-268747-619eztla.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268747-619eztla.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268659-lhprkye6 author = Hummel, James P. title = Temporal Trends in Arrhythmogenicity Related to Treatment of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1453 sentences = 84 flesch = 47 summary = However, in the setting of acute renal failure and worsening glomerular filtration rate on day 8, the QTc increased to 591 ms on day 9 associated with the use of additional QTcprolonging drugs, with development of TdP despite the fact that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had been stopped. The major finding of this study is that QTc prolongation in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine may occur following completion of the 5-day therapeutic course. Thus, it is important to recognize that patients with severe COVID-19 infection may be predisposed to late QTc prolongation in the setting of renal impairment and concurrent use of QTc-prolonging medications during prolonged hospitalizations. Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268718-tt07cwrf author = Tan, Heng Wee title = Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6346 sentences = 400 flesch = 52 summary = 54 Virus infectivity study has indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 is able to utilize ACE2 of human, Chinese horseshoe bats, civet, and pig but was not able to use mouse ACE2. The roles of ACE2 expression in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and human COVID-19 susceptibility are largely unknown. B, ACE2 expression in lung cancer patients with different smoking histories analyzed using similar methods as described previously 106 other symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 could perhaps infect other organs (Figure 3 ). 118 In addition to sputum, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the stools of a COVID-19 patient, 119 F I G U R E 3 Tissue distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and potential COVID-19 susceptibility. Expression of elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2 + cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS cache = ./cache/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268561-vq1uhj5i author = da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro title = Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9916 sentences = 594 flesch = 47 summary = 11 The causative agent was identified as a novel CoV, eventually named SARS-CoV-2, and the respiratory syndrome associated with the infection was designated as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). In direct tests, the clinical sample is examined directly for the presence of particles, virus antigens, or viral nucleic acids, whereas indirect methods detect the serological response against the infection (Figure 2 ). 11 Culture-based methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection have been used in research and public health laboratories in different parts of the world, but virus isolation is not recommended as a routine diagnostic procedure because it has low sensitivity, it is time-consuming, and it requires BSL-3 containment. 11 In addition to unequivocally confirming the diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, regular sequencing of a percentage of patient samples from clinical cases can be used to monitor changes in the viral genome over time and trace transmission patterns. cache = ./cache/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268740-ldz5366v author = Sun, Mei title = Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2389 sentences = 132 flesch = 47 summary = title: Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients We propose anal swabs as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection for evaluation of hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we found that SARS-CoV-2 detection was positive in anal swabs but negative in other sample types of a few cured patients, which challenges the current standards for discharge and termination of compulsory isolation for COVID-19 patients. In summary, we found that SARS-CoV-2 detection was positive in anal swabs but negative in other sample types of several cured patients. • SARS-CoV-2 detection is positive in anal swabs but negative in throat swabs and sputum swabs of a few discharged patients. • Anal swabs might be the optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. • Anal swabs might be the optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268758-2o2dwulc author = Daniel, Krupa title = Repeat cesarean section in a COVID-19 positive mother in the United States date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1405 sentences = 102 flesch = 55 summary = In our report, we present a case of repeat cesarean section in a 29-year-old Ecuadorian mother who contracted COVID-19 and traveled to the United States during her last trimester of pregnancy. 1 Also, a recent case report from Switzerland describes a second trimester miscarriage in a COVID-19 positive patient. 3 Case reports of pregnant women diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy show negative rRT-PCR testing for 2019-nCoV in the amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swabs. 4, 5 Some case reports published show adverse neonatal outcomes such as fetal distress, pre-mature labor, and abnormal liver function, but again all neonatal testing for COVID-19 remained negative. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a c/s delivery with maternal COVID-19 infection in the United States. The patient and delivered baby had a favorable outcome, as do most mothers and neonates with COVID-19 infection, as noted in available literature. cache = ./cache/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268816-nth3o6ot author = Roy, Satyaki title = Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5733 sentences = 363 flesch = 56 summary = The features in the order shown under "Feature name" are: GDP, inter-state distance based on lat-long coordinates, gender, ethnicity, quality of health care facility, number of homeless people, total infected and death, population density, airport passenger traffic, age group, days for infection and death to peak, number of people tested for COVID-19, days elapsed between first reported infection and the imposition of lockdown measures at a given state. Unless otherwise stated, the feature set comprises GDP, gender, ethnicity, health care, homeless, lockdown type, population density, airport activity, and age groups, whereas the output labels consist of infected and death scores on a scale of 0-6. Although proposing a machine learning algorithm that works best on COVID-19 data is not the purpose of this study, it is worth reporting that decision tree classifier (DT) slightly outperforms the other algorithms for both cases of infected and death scores. cache = ./cache/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268753-69d0l60v author = Pan, Zihan title = The role of CARDPC in response to COVID-19 in primary care in China date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2576 sentences = 124 flesch = 45 summary = Here, we would like to share how the Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care (CARDPC) played a role in the pandemic, hoping to provide guidance and hope for effective control of the outbreak worldwide, for future public health emergencies and for systematic management of chronic respiratory diseases in the community. It also launched the 'Prevention and Treatment System and Capacity Building Project of Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care' [https://www.cardpc.org/pccm/guides/], which has comprehensively improved the capacity of diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in primary medical facilities. To strengthen and standardize the prevention and control of COVID-19 at the primary care level, CARDPC invited experts from respiratory medicine, general practice medicine, public health, epidemiology and other relevant fields to jointly draft the 'Expert recommendations for the prevention and control of COVID-19 (First Edition)' [https://www. cache = ./cache/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268817-wx96wwpg author = Karp, Donna Grace title = Sensitive and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using a High-Throughput, Fully Automated Liquid-Handling Robotic System date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3600 sentences = 182 flesch = 47 summary = Here, we present an ultrasensitive and high-throughput automated liquid biopsy assay based on the Hamilton Microlab ADAP STAR automated liquid-handling platform, which was developed and validated for the qualitative detection of total antibodies against spike protein 1 (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 that uses as little as 4 µL of serum. 6 In this study, we report the development and validation of a highly sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay on a Hamilton MicroLab STAR liquid-handling platform (Fig. 1) , based on the ADAP STAR assay-ready workstation. The successful implementation of the automated high-throughput ADAP SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay solution as described herein can help meet the surge in demand for COVID-19 infection testing. To evaluate the assay's sensitivity, 57 serum specimens from COVID-19 patients were subjected to the ADAP SARS-CoV-2 total antibody analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author = Park, Sun Hee title = Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6754 sentences = 330 flesch = 44 summary = Although no study has conclusively linked SARS-CoV-2 transmission to contaminated environmental surfaces, indirect contact with fomites is considered a possible route based on the evidence of heavy environmental contamination in healthcare settings, objects used by COVID-19 patients [26, 27] , and the finding that the virus remains viable on plastic surfaces for as long as 3 days [28] . Initially, the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) guidelines recommended coveralls with shoe covers for contact precautions, goggles/face shields for eye protection, N95 or equivalent respirators for respiratory protection, and powered airpurifying respirators (PAPRs) when AGPs are performed [46] . PPE for droplet and contact precautions, such as surgical masks with eye protection, gowns, and gloves, are recommended for HCWs in contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, and N95 or equivalent respirators should to be worn by HCWs whenever AGPs are performed. cache = ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268779-qbn3i2nq author = Alrasheed, Hend title = COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10876 sentences = 628 flesch = 53 summary = In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. We aimed to match the model simulations with empirical data and then used the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to predict the percentage of individuals that must be vaccinated to stop the outbreak (when a vaccine becomes available). Volz [35] modeled SIR dynamics on a static random network, which represents the population structure of susceptible and infected individuals and their contact patterns with an arbitrary degree distribution. cache = ./cache/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268761-yr0n5g7i author = Rao, Chalapati title = Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 875 sentences = 55 flesch = 39 summary = To guide data recording, compilation and analysis, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published protocols for countries to notify COVID-19 individual case reports as well as aggregated data of newly confirmed cases and deaths. In practice, WHO's International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD) includes a form for medical certification of cause of death. For COVID-19 cases, the complete sequence, along with all other conditions co-existent with COVID-19 infection at death, would be required for detailed descriptive and analytical epidemiology. Analysis of clinical sequences from the medical certification of cause of death forms with chronology can be useful to guide priorities and resource allocation for critical care management, as well as enhance our understanding of epidemiological patterns and causal pathways to mortality from COVID-19. All current epicentres of the pandemic routinely use WHO's form for medical certification of cause of death. For better epidemic surveillance, strengthening medical certification of cause of death is needed across most countries in the world. cache = ./cache/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268809-plgip4h6 author = Bielecki, Michel title = Social distancing alters the clinical course of COVID-19 in young adults: A comparative cohort study date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2609 sentences = 170 flesch = 56 summary = We followed the number of infections in two spatially separated cohorts with almost identical baseline characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after implementation of stringent social distancing. To our knowledge, it is unknown if lowering the viral inoculum during infection with SARS-CoV-2 or altering the mode of infection by physical means can affect the clinical course of the disease. Here, we present an outbreak at a Swiss Army Base with two very similar groups infected prior and after the implementation of stringent social distancing and hygiene A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t measures (SDHMs). We describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in young, healthy soldiers in two spatially separated groups with almost identical baseline characteristics but different clinical courses. cache = ./cache/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268721-n6dsc4ig author = Pawlowski, Colin title = Inference from longitudinal laboratory tests characterizes temporal evolution of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6967 sentences = 296 flesch = 41 summary = . Summary of lab tests significantly different between COVID pos and propensity score-matched COVID neg cohorts during at least one clinical time window. Conversely, platelet counts were lower in the COVID pos cohort at the time of clinical presentation but tended to increase over the subsequent 10 days to levels significantly higher than those in COVID neg patients (Cohen's D = 0.229, BH-adjusted Mann-Whitney p-value = 3.6e-3, Table 2, Figure 3B ). This approach offers the advantage of increased granularity at the cost of sample size per time point, but we did identify similar lab tests as altered in COVID pos patients using each approach including the fibrinogen decline and platelet increase in the COVID pos cohort after diagnosis ( Figure 4 ). Our study focusing on COVID-19 patients with longitudinal lab data suggests that COVID-19 is indeed associated with modulation of coagulation related parameters such as platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, and clotting time ( Figure 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268883-nf4fm7r7 author = Corchuelo, Jairo title = Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19. Case Report date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1679 sentences = 92 flesch = 49 summary = This case shows that the problems that arise in the oral mucosa in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection can be monitored through interdisciplinary teleconsultation during the pandemic with the support of information technology currently available worldwide. Due to the use of intensified therapeutic methods possibly aggravated by SARS-CoV-2, an increase in cases with oropharyngeal symptoms / conditions, dental-oral problems associated with soft tissues, saliva production (dry mouth) as side effects, could be predicted, even after recovering from COVID-19. Taking into account that Candida albicans is part of the oral microbiome and that there were favorable events for its pathological development, such as the decrease in salivation manifested in the patient by the sensation of dry mouth, in addition to the frequent use of antibiotics and a mild predisposing factor such as the female sex (Zegarelli 1993) and the successful response to nystatin treatment, we can clinically confirm candida infection The hyperpigmentation of the gums in the anterior teeth due to the aesthetic problem that it represents for the patient is the one that causes of most concern. cache = ./cache/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269044-47dmpmo0 author = Fantola, Giovanni title = Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 72 flesch = 50 summary = title: Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? "All elective surgical and endoscopic cases for metabolic and bariatric surgery should be postponed during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic showed the intrinsic frailty of those patients affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome, while obesity "per se" is considered a risk factor for infection, need ICU admission, and death [16, 17] . We still do not know what will happen after COVID19 peak, but it is reasonable to envision a slow and progressive restart of elective surgical activity during the second pandemic phase, when the risk of infection could remain still quite high but acceptable. Hospital will remain one of the main sites of virus spreading, and surgeons need to protect patient with obesity from the present COVID-19 extraordinary virulence. Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO cache = ./cache/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268760-31i0mpvn author = Zhang, Qian title = Anosmia and Ageusia as the Only Indicators of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2109 sentences = 125 flesch = 54 summary = There is currently a lack of published case reports describing COVID-19 patients with the sole symptoms of anosmia and ageusia in the United States of America. This case report details a 60year-old woman with the chief complaint of right-sided headache along with anosmia and ageusia but was eventually found to be SARS-COV-2 positive. The most common COVID-19 symptoms include fever (43.8% on initial presentation and 88.7% during hospitalization), cough (67.8%), nasal congestion (4.8%), nausea or vomiting (5.0%), and diarrhea (3.8%) based on a research study of 1099 patients from China. Our patient had a very low clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection, as she was afebrile along with no respiratory symptoms despite having anosmia and ageusia in the setting of headache caused by trigeminal neuralgia. Awareness of a possible COVID-19 infection should be raised in patients with the sole presentation of anosmia and ageusia despite the lack of published case reports or research findings on its exact mechanisms of action. cache = ./cache/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268814-pk3gpumm author = Wasser, Lauren M. title = Response of ophthalmologists in Israel to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2336 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSION: During the critical early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, this study emphasizes the delay in development of emergency guidelines, necessary to protect patients and ophthalmologists from this highly transmissible disease. Eighty-eight ophthalmologists (52.7%), most of whom practice in hospitals (61.2%), stated that no active measures were taken to decrease the number of patients seen in clinics since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak until March 20th when the survey When private practitioners were excluded, this portion of participants decreased but was still evident (n = 60, 41.7%, P < 0.001). In this surveybased study, we obtained the opinions of Israeli ophthalmologists regarding the risk of ophthalmologic practice during the local early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. At the time of the survey, 3 weeks after the first reported case of COVID-19 in Israel, most ophthalmologists reported starting to utilize PPE during routine clinic visits. cache = ./cache/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268822-o86zpu92 author = Anser, Muhammad Khalid title = Communicable Diseases (Including COVID-19)—Induced Global Depression: Caused by Inadequate Healthcare Expenditures, Population Density, and Mass Panic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5512 sentences = 267 flesch = 51 summary = In a given scenario, the study focused on the following key variables: communicable diseases, healthcare expenditures, population density, poverty, economic growth, and COVID-19 dummy variable in a panel of 76 selected countries from 2010 through 2019. In a given scenario, the study focused on the following key variables: communicable diseases, healthcare expenditures, population density, poverty, economic growth, and COVID-19 dummy variable in a panel of 76 selected countries from 2010 through 2019. This study intended to explore the answers to the following critical questions: do communicable diseases, including COVID-19, exert a greater magnitude of stress in terms of negatively affecting countries economic growth which then converts into global depression? In a given context, the study prepared a set of research objectives to analyze global depression through some policy instruments, including healthcare expenditures, population density, and poverty incidence in a panel of 76 countries. cache = ./cache/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268939-ws74xprt author = Ozoner, Baris title = Neurosurgery Practice During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5138 sentences = 391 flesch = 46 summary = The increased burden has substantially impacted the neurosurgery practice and intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic activities. Operations of COVID-19 positive patients, and emergency cases, where screening can not be obtained, should be performed following level 3 protective measures. [5] [6] [7] In neurosurgery practice, intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, administration of inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic & educational activities. 26 A recent study from Wuhan City, China reported that some severe COVID-19 patients developed neurologic manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (5.7%), and impaired consciousness (14.8%). 76, 80 Also, a patient with a mass lesion in the sellar region that underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery in Neurosurgery Department, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan City, China was diagnosed with COVID-19 after surgery, and disease was confirmed in 14 healthcare professionals in the same clinic afterwards. cache = ./cache/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268827-qwcbvtna author = Ibanez, Agustin title = COVID-19 in older people with cognitive impairment in Latin America date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1465 sentences = 88 flesch = 49 summary = 9 If SARS-CoV-2 can impair proteostasis through ORF8 binding and cause dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum protein traffick ing, then α-synuclein could aggregate uncontrollably. The COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and Caribbean countries (LACs) has failed to capture the attention exiguous. 7 Many hospitals in LACs have inadequate protective equipment and there is scarce support for health-care workers who become sick. implemented control measures, is third highest among LACs. The public health conditions in these countries are complex and pose unique challenges; one underlying explanation for the surge in cases might be a large informal economy, in which workers need to leave their house every day to clean other households or to stand, for instance, at crowded traffic corners to sell their goods or shine shoes. For instance, with 20% of over 11 000 health workers in Mexico ill with COVID-19-one of the highest rates in the world-hospital staffing is and attract the resources necessary to control it. cache = ./cache/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268948-1ns6zi27 author = Shi, Yaling title = Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3162 sentences = 206 flesch = 58 summary = In the current study, we analyzed multiple cytokines and immune cell populations in the blood of Chinese COVID-19 patients. Total T cell number was significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients, but no significant difference was observed between mild and severe patients ( Figure 1G ). Similarly, CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were diminished in COVID-19 patients as compared with the control group, but no significant difference was found between mild and severe patients ( Figure 1H & 1I) . We found that Tregs were increased in mild COVID-19 patients as compared with controls ( Figure 3B ). In the present clinical study, we analyzed almost all immune cell types in both mild and severe COVID-19 patients. IL-10 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine deriving from alternatively activated macrophages, Th2 cells, Tregs, etc 16 In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, and the elevation of IL-2 and IL-6 are reliable indicators of severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268937-j2ov5nes author = Otuonye, N. M. title = CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2918 sentences = 203 flesch = 57 summary = This study was designed to provide a larger description of the clinical characteristics of patients presenting to an isolation centre in Lagos, Nigeria and confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by real time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Other possible reasons proposed for the increased susceptibility of men to COVID-19 include biological reasons such as a higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE 2, a reception coronaviruses) in males than females; and behavioural reasons -higher levels of smoking and drinking in men, and irresponsible attitude, reviewed by [25] The results of this study suggest that older adults are more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and be more susceptible to develop the severe disease, a trend that may be due to the reduced immunity in older adults. In conclusion, this study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. In conclusion, this study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268884-oi5l5f7f author = Shevlin, Mark title = Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5760 sentences = 262 flesch = 52 summary = 10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home. cache = ./cache/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269077-gz7jxidl author = Hamidi, Shima title = Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7474 sentences = 303 flesch = 46 summary = This longitudinal study employs a natural experimental research design to investigative the impacts of compact development on reduction in travel to three types of destinations representing a range of essential and non-essential trips in 771 metropolitan counties in the U.S during the shelter-in-place order amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This longitudinal study addresses these gaps in the literature by employing the natural experimental research design to investigate the relationship between compact development and the degree of adherence to shelter-in-place order; measured in terms of reduction in travel to three major destinations in 771 U.S. metropolitan counties during the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome variables representing daily changes in people's travel to three different destinations are based on the data from COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports (CMR); a publicly available resource published by Google to help public health officials better understand the mobility changes as the result of shelter-in-place and other social distancing policies (Aktay, Bavadekar, Cossoul, Davis, Desfontaines, Fabrikant, & Kamath, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269031-sz8ieltb author = Solé, G title = Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5744 sentences = 245 flesch = 37 summary = Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. The main addressed topics pertain to the disease itself, its mode of transmission, the official national public health recommendations to prevent it, the behaviors to adopt in case symptoms appear, and its consequences specific to the neuromuscular patient (e.g., relating to the management of steroids and immunosuppressor treatments, medical appointments, rehabilitation, and 6 ventilation). cache = ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268840-m3fp9q3p author = Sahu, Ankit Kumar title = Lung sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2520 sentences = 163 flesch = 55 summary = Sonographic characteristics like bilateral lung involvement, B – profile, spared areas and confluent B – lines or waterfall sign were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with clinical severity (more frequent with increasing disease severity). [2] The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 patients range from asymptomatic to critical illness, which can include severe acute respiratory distress (ARDS) requiring ventilatory support [3] [4] [5] [6] . [12] Confirmed COVID-19 patients were categorised by the treating physician (also performed the ultrasound) according to their severity of illness according to Chinese CDC definitions (mild disease: patients with respiratory tract infection, not fulfilling criteria for severe and critical disease, severe disease: any of the following signs or symptoms like shortness of breath, respiratory rate > 30/min or oxygen saturation < 93%, and critical disease: patients requiring intensive care for organ failure or invasive ventilation) [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269009-0i2bvt77 author = D’Souza, Rohan title = A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3295 sentences = 205 flesch = 36 summary = Should patients develop coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia requiring hospital admission for treatment of hypoxia, the risk for thromboembolic complications increases greatly. 2 As pregnancy is a prothrombotic state, the possibility of an increased risk of thrombosis in pregnant women with COVID-19 has become an area of concern, and a number of international organiPatients with severe COVID-19 may be at risk for pulmonary thromboembolic complications through at least two distinct mechanisms -immunothrombosis and hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). 12 A recent study of patients with severe COVID-19 demonstrated a correlation between IL-6 and fibrinogen levels, 3 further supporting the theory that massive activation of the acute phase response, with increased production of coagulation factors, appears to be the predominant prothrombotic mechanism in COVID-19. A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268940-8th4ij8i author = Romito, Francesca title = Psychological Distress in Outpatients With Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3727 sentences = 174 flesch = 46 summary = In this context, we have evaluated the psychological status of onco-hematological outpatients receiving infusion and not deferrable anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with the aim of both measuring the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic and also of investigating the perception of risk of potential nosocomial infection. Psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic have not yet been evaluated in Chinese or other national studies. In this context, we conducted a prospective evaluation of the psychological status of outpatients receiving anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative diseases during lockdown in our non-COVID Cancer Center Institute in southern Italy, pursuing the following aims: (i) to measure the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic; and (ii) to investigate the perception of the risk of potential nosocomial infection. cache = ./cache/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269083-8mjdb9yj author = Muhović, Damir title = First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1442 sentences = 100 flesch = 48 summary = title: First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 METHODS: We describe a patient with COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm who developed drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of TCZ. 3 In this article, we describe the first case of a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed DILI associated with the use of TCZ, marked by a 40-fold increase in transaminases levels. 16 In most cases, TCZ resulted in severe F I G U R E 2 Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) in our patient with cytokine release syndrome caused by COVID-19, after the use of tocilizumab (TCZ). 16 Most patients with severe COVID-19 have a history of simultaneous use of multiple drugs that can induce liver injury. First case of drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268952-3j43p9j3 author = Ueda Oshima, Masumi title = Blood and marrow transplantation during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic: the Seattle approach date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3636 sentences = 154 flesch = 37 summary = Situated in the initial epicenter of the pandemic, the Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch)/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) was at the forefront of delivering care to transplant patients during the surge of this public health crisis. In early March 2020 when community transmissions resulted in a steep increase of COVID-19 cases in Washington state, the individual risk for hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients who acquired the infection was unknown. In early March 2020, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the UW predicted that the COVID-19-driven demand for healthcare resources including acute and intensive care hospital beds and ventilators might exceed the available supply in Washington state and particularly in our region [6] . Once a COVID-19 vaccine is available, vaccination approaches for the posttransplant period in immunosuppressed patients, vaccination of caregivers, family, and clinical staff, and even assessing potential benefits of vaccinating donors prior to stem cell donation will have to be determined. cache = ./cache/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269130-zsem29ss author = Lingappan, K. title = Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: why are children overwhelmingly spared? date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3121 sentences = 163 flesch = 45 summary = The differences in the clinical course are highlighted by the lack of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond mild symptoms in a majority of children, whereas in adults the disease progresses to acute lung injury and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like phenotype with high mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to decreased lung injury in children may involve the decreased expression of the mediators necessary for viral entry into the respiratory epithelium and differences in the immune system responses in children. On the other hand, the heightened immune response to the virus in many adult patients can lead to the worsening of lung disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection (37) . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice cache = ./cache/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268897-vqbreyna author = Song, Young Goo title = COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 876 sentences = 54 flesch = 49 summary = Considering the high attack rate and aggressive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a concern that more serious diseases may develop due to a mutated type of the virus. 3) Usually responded well to steroid treatment (personal communications) Radiology and pathology examinations of patients with COVID-19 revealed inflammatory reactions in the lung that resembled what is observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis rather than in other viral pneumonia [3, 4] . We believe that there is an urgent need to establish a better sophisticated treatment strategy for COVID-19, because there may be a serious risk owing to the subtle mutations of the virus, which can lead to a more aggressive spread and more severe immunologic reaction in the host. Considering our current understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical features of HP, the treatment strategy for COVID-19 needs to be tailored according to the patient's age and immune status. cache = ./cache/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269105-yuphgyrn author = Dumantepe, Mert title = Subsegmental Thrombus in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Immunothrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Data Analysis of Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1324 sentences = 81 flesch = 38 summary = Thrombotic complications due to considerable inflammation, cytokine-mediated microvascular damage and pulmonary immunothrombosis formation seem to have emerged as an important issue in people infected with COVID-19. Cytokine-mediated microvascular damage, hypoxia, systemic inflammation, microangiopathy, coagulation pathway activation, and eventual immunothrombosis development have been described as key features of severe COVID-19 [4] . COVID-19 infection is related with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to respiratory failure, with microvascular hyaline membrane and pulmonary immunothrombosis formation presumably playing a crucial role. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, presenting with disease progression or worsening of respiratory symptoms and significant elevation of D-Dimer levels, more attention should be paid to the occurrence of potential pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep venous thrombosis (DVT). During the study period, four COVID-19 pneumonia patients in conjunction with high-risk PE were treated with EKOS ™ Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis ( [11] . Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269245-bp4q4plt author = Zhang, Yuan title = Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 167 flesch = 43 summary = title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. An online survey [17] and another study on Chinese web users [18] suggested that one-third of people had anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negative emotion increased. suggested participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 [20] . The outbreak of COVID-19 limited face-to-face counseling and individualized psychological interventions, which was a serious challenge to the mental health service. cache = ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269101-7altkx5u author = Jakhmola Mani, Ruchi title = Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4934 sentences = 270 flesch = 50 summary = title: Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study An amazing herb, Nigella sativa, having antiviral, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, analgesics, and anti-bacterial properties, needs to be explored for its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. sativa bioactive constituents were similar to the pathways followed in SARS-COV-2 pathology, like renin-angiotensin system, kidney functions, regulation of blood circulation, blood vessel diameter, etc. To study the effectiveness of N.sativa against SARS-CoV-2, protein interactions studies were carried out for receptors predicted via swiss target prediction for this plant's bioactive constituents, to understand their beneficial effect on SARS-CoV-2 in humans. sativa bioactive constituents by protein interaction and docking studies as well as proven their binding efficiency with ACE2 receptor and now this can be studied further in wet lab and be formulated as the medicine to combat the deadly disease COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269202-re2djjrc author = Sapino, Anna title = The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1140 sentences = 63 flesch = 48 summary = "in patients dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the autopsies can confirm laboratory and radiological findings and can contribute to an accurate diagnosis and to a better understanding of mechanisms of the disease." In the meantime, the SIAPC Board accepted to collaborate with the Scientific Society of Hospital Forensic Medicine of the National Health System (COMLAS) to produce a joint document, which was available on the SIAPEC web site on March 22 [2] . In addition, in cases of autopsies without apparent SARS-CoV-2 infection, we recommend (i) to discuss with the clinicians the reason why the post-mortem examination is requested; (ii) and if available, to perform nasal-oropharyngeal swabs on corpses This article is part of the Topical Collection on Quality in Pathology * Mattia Barbareschi mattia.barbareschi@apss.tn.it within 2 h of death to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection to implement the safety measures [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269283-jm18lj5t author = Uddin, Md Bashir title = Ancestral origin, antigenic resemblance and epidemiological insights of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Global burden and Bangladesh perspective date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2736 sentences = 169 flesch = 50 summary = Bioinformatics analysis, satellite derived imaging data and epidemiological attributes were employed to investigate origin, immunogenic resemblance and global threat of newly pandemic SARS-CoV-2 including Bangladesh perspective. The study also prioritized the temperature comparison through satellite imaging alongside compiling and analyzing the epidemiological outbreak information on the 2019 novel coronavirus based on several open datasets on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and discussed possible threats to Bangladesh. As the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19 [SARS-CoV-2]) is expanding rapidly, analysis of epidemiological data of COVID-19 is necessary to explore the measures of burden associated with the disease and to simultaneously gather information on determinants and interventions. Moreover, the conservancy study of immunogenic peptides predicted from the SARS-CoV-2 proteins was also compared against other human coronavirus strains (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HKU1 and MERS-CoV). Cross-checked conservancy analysis of COVID-19 antigenic epitopes with SARS-CoV proteins showed that conservancy when crosschecked with other coronaviruses, including BufCoV-HKU26 of Bangladesh origin, was not significant ( Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269301-3e5uxunm author = Yilmaz, Resul title = Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 710 sentences = 60 flesch = 61 summary = title: Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) There is limited information about COVID-19 infection and its treatment during pregnancy. Based on these two reports, we preferred to apply spinal anesthesia. In order to avoid possible hypotension, after the case was taken to the operation room, we applied approximately 500 ml of iv hydration and spinal anesthesia with 10 mg of bupivacaine. Hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir and azithromycin Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment was applied for the COVID-19 infection of the patient after surgery. We provided a successful anesthetic management in this case, where we applied spinal anesthesia with cesarean delivery. Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia cache = ./cache/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269206-160ddfsc author = Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title = Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4555 sentences = 268 flesch = 51 summary = Yet, the contagious diseases having global effects had forgotten long time ago even if there appeared some recent encounters in the past 20 The differentiating features of COVID-19 or SARS-COV2 from the recent encounters are its geographical dispersion in terms of contagion and its causalities. In an earlier attempt to comment on prospective COVID-19 effects, Barro and his friends estimated growth of national income and consumption expenditures of 42 countries between 1901 and 1929 on human capital loss due to the WWI. Due to changing labour market composition and economic conditions during and after the influenza, both productivity and overall income had declined and savings and investment potential were affected negatively. Confirming previous research on SARS, Lionello [26] indicated that rising social fear and reduction in social contact resulted in reduced supplies and reduced labour demand specifically in the services sector between 20 and 70%. Especially, shrinking services and industries facing lower labour supplies and reducing demand are expected to downsize all economic structures. cache = ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269090-o93gxlzx author = Sciortino, Rosalia title = Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4116 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. Based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV, we can help shift a purely epidemiological approach to addressing the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific social contexts, and build agency of these groups while promoting social transformative change. cache = ./cache/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269241-6mf5572t author = López-Feldman, Alejandro title = Environmental Impacts and Policy Responses to Covid-19: A View from Latin America date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 135 flesch = 52 summary = COVID-19 is currently having major short run effects with possible serious long run implications for the environment and the management of natural resources in Latin America. Under these circumstances COVID-19 is having major short run socio-economic effects with possible serious long run consequences, including several potential implications for the environment and the management of natural resources. Latin American countries could see this moment as an opportunity to improve regional cooperation in order to design and implement coordinated policy responses not only to the economic crisis but also to the challenges of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Research that contributes to a better understanding of the environmental impacts and the effectiveness of different policy responses to the pandemic in Latin America will be invaluable. The short run environmental effects of COVID-19 show early warnings of an increase in the pressure on forest and other ecosystems across Latin America. cache = ./cache/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269316-1nlpo42a author = Mansfield, K. E. title = COVID-19 collateral: Indirect acute effects of the pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8018 sentences = 460 flesch = 51 summary = Methods: Using electronic health records from the Clinical Research Practice Datalink (CPRD) Aurum (2017-2020), we calculated weekly primary care contacts for selected acute physical and mental health conditions (including: anxiety, depression, acute alcohol-related events, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbations, cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies). We used electronic primary care health records of nearly 10 million individuals across the UK to investigate the indirect impact of COVID-19 on primary care contacts for mental health, acute alcohol-related events, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, and cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies up to July 2020. As outcomes, we considered the number of weekly primary care contacts for the following conditions (separately): mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety, fatal and non-fatal self-harm, severe mental illness, and eating and obsessive-compulsive disorders), acute alcohol-related events, diabetic emergencies (e.g. ketoacidosis), asthma and COPD exacerbations, and acute cardiovascular (CVD) events (i.e. unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, cardiac failure and venous thromboembolisms). cache = ./cache/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269280-1zbxjmxu author = Shao, Connie title = The COVID trolley dilemma date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2900 sentences = 152 flesch = 59 summary = As the first wave of this pandemic subsides, hospital systems are faced with prioritizing which surgical services can resume while simultaneously minimizing the disruption of ongoing care for the remaining COVID-19 patients. Patients requiring oncologic surgery now face a "double jeopardy" of increased exposure to COVID-19 due to frequent interactions with medical facilities, but also worse outcomes associated with delaying surgery. As the immediate wave of morbidity and mortality associated directly with the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the effects of delaying both diagnosis and surgery will be revealed. Guidelines, such as those created by ACS, for careful and precarious resumption of local "elective" surgeries are moot when conservation efforts are overrun by an uncontrolled Ro. At a time that we do not have herd immunity and a vaccine does not yet exist, government-mandated orders are necessary to protect our patients, ourselves, and those who will become our patients. cache = ./cache/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269344-7ik9e5m4 author = Gerussi, Alessio title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in autoimmune hepatitis: a lesson from immunosuppressed patients date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1925 sentences = 107 flesch = 45 summary = Our aim was to describe the clinical course of immunosuppressed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in Italy. METHODS: Our study is a case series of AIH patients treated with immunosuppression, who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in March 2020 during outbreak of COVID‐19. Two other patients (patient 2 and 4) had an acute onset of AIH and were under high-dose steroids, as per induction protocol, at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we believe that pre-emptive strategies of reduction of immunosuppression during COVID-19 can be potentially harmful, as suggested by the disease course of patient 9 that self-stopped steroid treatment and relapsed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The lack of a control group of non-AIH patients and the nature of this manuscript (case series) do not allow us to draw conclusions regarding the possible association between chronic treatment with thiopurines and the risk of developing COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author = Machluf, Yossy title = Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8802 sentences = 360 flesch = 38 summary = Then, we highlight a few emerging and influential key themes (detailed below) that should be considered and integrated into a broader approach to gender medicine to inform evidence-based, gender-oriented health policy: (1) Incorporating diverse risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, residence, education, lifestyle habits etc.), in addition to gender, in order to better characterize the needs of sub-populations and properly address their needs; (2) Investigating genderspecific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (3) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (4) The different levels of analysis: Individual, communal, regional, national and global levels. cache = ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269087-f9hyntvf author = Li, X. title = A Mini Review on Current Clinical and Research Findings for Children Suffering from COVID-19 date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4280 sentences = 236 flesch = 49 summary = Results: We included 25 published literature references related to the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, accessary examination, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19. The risk factors which may suggest severe or critical progress for children are: Fast respiratory rate and/or; lethargy and drowsiness mental state and/or; lactate progressively increasing and/or; imaging showed bilateral or multi lobed infiltration, pleural effusion or rapidly expending of lesions in a short period of time and/or; less than 3 months old or those who underly diseases. To help better understand how it would affect children and what is the latest specific clinical and research finding on children with it, we provide a mini-review based on 25 literature references covering the fields of epidemiology, clinical manifestation, accessary examination, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19. According to the current literature on the pediatric cases, children confirmed with COVID-19 mostly had good prognosis, with considerably less severe to critical progress (5.9%) as compared to adult patients (18.5%). cache = ./cache/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269445-dctx9c7w author = Razanamahery, J. title = Predictive factors of poor outcomes in the COVID-19 epidemic: Consider the inflammatory response date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1053 sentences = 74 flesch = 56 summary = Clinical presentation is heterogenous from benign presentations to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization or death [3, 4] . We aimed to identify risks factors for poor outcome of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized patients during the first month of the pandemic in Besanç on University Hospital. All patients received complete laboratory tests at admission, including acute phase reactants (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], procalcitonin [PCT], ferritin, fibrinogen), complete blood count, liver, and kidney function tests. High levels of CRP, PCT, AST, and LDH were associated with poor outcome (Table 1) . We identified a group of patients with high inflammatory response associated with poor outcomes. Despite no statistical relevance in our study, high ferritin levels have already been described as predictor of acute respiratory distress syndrome [5] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269425-e9iyso7n author = Bhattacharjee, Sukrita title = Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5418 sentences = 319 flesch = 46 summary = A systematic review was done to analyze the clinical profile and outcomes in a total of 45 cases of new-onset ITP in COVID-19 patients described in literature until date. Diagnosis of ITP in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 poses a major diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge to clinicians owing to presence of multiple concomitant conditions including HLH, DIC, sepsis, antibiotic use, heparin prophylaxis, and thromboembolic events. The following data were extracted from the included studies: age of the patient at presentation, gender, COVID-19 illness severity, comorbidities, medication use, nadir platelet count, onset of COVID-19 symptoms to diagnosis of ITP, bleeding manifestations of ITP, time to recovery from start of treatment, and clinical outcomes. Bone marrow study in these few selected cases of ITP would reveal low number of megakaryocytes, as seen in one patient of this review, who presented with severe thrombocytopenia (count 2 × 10 9 /μL) [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269197-o9xb30vx author = Osserman, Jordan title = Waiting for other people: a psychoanalytic interpretation of the time for action date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4171 sentences = 231 flesch = 58 summary = Similarly, when coronavirus forces us to confront the brute fact of the lack in the Other at the socio-political level, we have the opportunity to discover a space for acting rather than continuing symptomatic behaviour that increasingly fails to work. From Boris Johnson boasting that he was shaking hands with COVID-19 patients before contracting the virus (The Guardian, 2020); to the government denying that it promoted 'herd immunity' (Walker, 2020) ; to cabinet ministers openly contradicting WHO guidance in order to obscure the government's failure to procure adequate testing, hospital equipment, and PPE (ITV News, 2020) -it has become clear that there no longer exists a stable authority upon whose pronouncements we can rely (see especially recent exposes in the Guardian [Conn et al., 2020] and Sunday Times [Calvert et al., 2020] ). In both cases, however, different kinds of suspended time produce an opportunity for the subject to consider her own agency in relation to the lack in the big Other. cache = ./cache/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269275-b7xxk48t author = Tang, Xiaojia title = Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4631 sentences = 260 flesch = 44 summary = SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, acute cerebrovascular disease, central nervous system infections and other neurological diseases. Four formal reports have described neurological problems in SARS patients, including polyneuropathy [35] , myopathy and rhabdomyolysis [36] , large artery ischemic stroke [37] and central nervous system infections [38] . In a study by Mao et al., 214 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled, and six (2.80%) of them developed acute cerebrovascular disease (five cases of ischemic stroke and one case of cerebral hemorrhage). Strokes are not uncommon in critically ill patients with multiple comorbidities, so SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans may increase the risk of stroke. Since some COVID-19 patients have complained of headaches, nausea etc, care providers should be alert for central nervous system infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 if such patients also exhibit symptoms such as a fever, epilepsy and disturbances of consciousness. cache = ./cache/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269328-ypjc5v60 author = Kamran, Aziz title = The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 209 sentences = 24 flesch = 52 summary = key: cord-269328-ypjc5v60 title: The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs cord_uid: ypjc5v60 involvement in controlling the spread of the disease has been unprecedented, such as locking up Qom and surrounding towns, extending holidays and closing schools, sending thousands of medical personnel to the affected areas, and launching intense public messaging campaigns. Second, people have relatively mixed information, partly because knowledge about the COVID-19 is growing. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak Effective recommendations for reducing anxiety and depression caused by COVID-19 outbreak in medical staff Research on COVID-19 Virus Spreading Statistics based on the Examples of the Cases from Different Countries A Mathematical Modelling Approach in the Spread of the Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak provides a unique platform to review behavioral changes in Iran. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102090. cache = ./cache/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269453-30l6rzgo author = Yang, Po title = Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6784 sentences = 338 flesch = 52 summary = While above methods demonstrate good performance in prediction of COVID-19 outbreak by taking strong public intervention, also named as suppression strategy [13] that aims to reverse epidemic growth, one important challenge is that taking suppression strategy only is to treat disease controls as single-objective optimization of reducing the overall infectious populations as soon as possible, and require strategic consistency in a long term. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducts a feasibility study that analyses and compares mitigation and suppression intervention strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan and London. In order to utilize our proposed SEMCR model into practical cases, we design an evaluation protocol to access multiple effects of taking different intervention strategies to control outbreak of COVID-19 in 4 typical cases, including Hubei province, Wuhan city, the UK and London, as shown in cache = ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269347-oc2pb00b author = Ahmad, I. title = Guillain Barr e syndrome in COVID-19:A scoping review date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4679 sentences = 361 flesch = 55 summary = The review aims to summarize the demographic features, clinical presentation, diagnostics workup, and management strategies of COVID-19 associated GBS reported in the literature. The reported neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19 include anosmia, headaches, dizziness, delirium, stroke, epilepsy, encephalitis, encephalopathy, myalgias and Guillain-Barr é syndrome (GBS) 2 , 3, 4 At present, there are no reviews, full length research article or reports discussing a specific neurological complications in detail. The objective of this review is to summarize the important demographic features, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and management strategies of COVID-19 associated GBS reported in literature so far. 5 Although this relationship was mentioned by the famous Muslim physician Avicenna centuries ago and many other authors published their cases too, but the detailed description of the disease, including nerve conductions studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis with albuminocytological disproportions was first documented by three French physicians Georges Guillain, Jean Alexandre Barr', and Andr'e Strohl, who were working together at the Neurological Center of All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269484-jjbctg96 author = Piraux, Arthur title = Covigie, une plateforme pour les soignants et les coordonnateurs d’équipes de soins date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2077 sentences = 181 flesch = 66 summary = F Le projet Covigie est né d'un constat simple : les autorités sanitaires ne disposaient pas de relais d'infor mation structurés leur permettant d'avoir une vision agrégée et actualisée des retours d'expérience des profes sionnels de santé de premier recours, en première ligne de la lutte contre la Covid-19. F Dans un premier temps, l'un des éléments qui a préoccupé les soignants, avant même leur propre sécurité et donc l'accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, a été la diminution du recours aux soins des patients atteints d'une pathologie aiguë, autre que la Covid-19, ou chronique. Mise en place très rapidement, au coeur de la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19, la plateforme Covigie avait pour vocation d'être l'outil de tous les professionnels de santé de premier recours, permettant une remontée rapide d'informations pertinentes depuis le terrain jusqu'aux autorités de tutelle, en charge des décisions. cache = ./cache/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269503-ij4u980v author = Amaratunga, Eluwana A title = Bradycardia in Patients With COVID-19: A Calm Before the Storm? date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3493 sentences = 208 flesch = 44 summary = This is a retrospective case series of four patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, admitted to St. Luke's University Health Network ICU between 24 March 2020 and 5 April 2020. A study involving 138 patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, demonstrated cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac injury to be among common complications; 8.7%, 16.7%, 7.2% respectively [1] . Patient demographics, comorbidities, presenting day of illness since symptom onset, admission heart rate, duration of illness at intubation, duration of illness at onset of bradycardia, vital signs [blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, temperature], laboratory studies (including cTnI, ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen), as well as medications and dose adjustments were investigated and compared against episodes of bradycardia. As previously described, acute myocardial injury was thought to be the most common cardiac manifestation in COVID-19 patients and potential for developing cardiac arrhythmias has been noted in a few studies. cache = ./cache/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269526-3npk3u5t author = Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat title = Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3305 sentences = 174 flesch = 52 summary = Methods: We extracted all COVID-19 documents indexed in the Scopus from December 1, 2019, to April 1, 2020, without any language limitation and determined their bibliometric characteristics, including document type, open accessibility status, citation counting, H-index, top cited documents, the most productive countries, institutions and journals, international collaboration, the most frequent terms and keywords, journal bibliographic coupling and cocitations. The most frequent terms were COVID (n = 983 repeats), patient (n = 741 repeats), SARS-CoV (n = 593 repeats), China (n = 497 repeats), case (n = 464 repeats), nCoV (n = 417 repeats), outbreak (n = 355 repeats), infection (n = 344 repeats), novel coronavirus (n = 324 repeats), Wuhan (n = 269 repeats), Coronavirus (n =243 repeats), virus (n = 204 repeats), pneumonia (n = 195 repeats), Coronavirus disease (n = 170 repeats), treatment (n = 162 repeats), transmission (n = 158 repeats), study (n = 156 repeats), data (n = 151 repeats), country (n = 137 repeats), and epidemic (n = 136 repeats). cache = ./cache/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269440-6x19xuy3 author = Seo, Min Young title = Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2669 sentences = 155 flesch = 45 summary = This study evaluated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated assessment methods. 5, 6 Subsequent studies have reported that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be characteristic symptoms of COVID-19 infection, but there are limitations in assessments by validated methods. Therefore, this study was designed to assess olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated olfactory and gustatory evaluation methods and endoscopic examination. This prospective surveillance study included mild COVID-19 patients who were isolated at Gyeonggi International Living and Treatment Support Center (LTSC) after confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using respiratory samples; all patients were interviewed daily regarding changes in olfactory and gustatory symptoms and their medical records were reviewed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess both olfactory and gustatory function with validated methods, with simultaneous nasal and oral endoscopic examination in mild COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269408-6qncy0nd author = Khonyongwa, Kirstin title = Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4131 sentences = 233 flesch = 54 summary = AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections (HA-COVID-19) during the 2020 epidemic and study factors which may promote or correlate with its incidence and transmission in a Teaching Hospital NHS Trust in London, England. Factors studied included the utility of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement, delayed RNA positivity (DRP), selfreported COVID-19 sickness absence among hospital staff, total hospital bed occupancy, community incidence of COVID-19 (CIC19) and the change in incidence of other significant hospital-acquired bacterial infections (HAB). When a HA-COVID-19 case was identified, actions included staff refresher training for correct PPE usage, rapid transfer of patients to a COVID-19 positive cohort ward, deep cleaning (washing walls and carpets) followed by increasing the cleaning frequency until no further transmission was seen (defined as no new symptom onset within 2 weeks of last known case and in haematology and geriatrics a CNTS was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA twice weekly for all contacts up to 2 weeks from last positive case regardless of symptoms). cache = ./cache/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269593-ipxwf4pv author = Aisenberg, Gabriel M. title = A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 245 sentences = 24 flesch = 69 summary = title: A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic The medical students are home: they are considered non-essentials, and the Dean decides that "School's Out for summer", as Alice Cooper would say. Longing for the COVID-19 surge, the hospital teams reorganized to increase efficiency and avoid burnout. I meet with the third-year resident and the intern; a future dermatologist, who I have known since she was a student. My team has only volunteers; they want to see patients with COVID-19. At this moment of the pandemic, we have learned that asymptomatic transmission occurs and that with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) no one in our hospital caught the virus [2, 3] . This combination makes us feel safe, as every one of our suspected COVID-19 patients is seen in full PPE, and our risk is thus low. COVID-19 transmissions through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment. cache = ./cache/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269659-a1gf76bu author = Hong, W. title = Celebrex adjuvant therapy on COVID-19: An experimental study date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3095 sentences = 182 flesch = 56 summary = Celebrex significantly reduced the PGE2 levels and promoted recovery of ordinary or severe COVID-19. Our data showed that the PGE 2 levels in COVID-19 patients, who were hospitalized within two days, were significantly higher than the ones of healthy individuals (170±40 ng/ml vs 18.8±3.8 ng/ml, p<0.01) (Figure 1 ). Since the PGE 2 was mainly generated by COX-2, then a COX-2 specific inhibitor (Celebrex) was used to treat COVID-19 patients based on the routine treatment. Our results indicated that Celebrex treatment with a conventional dose (0.2 g, twice a day) might effectively promote the recovery of ordinary and severe cases of COVID-19. Moreover, there were two patients (experimental case E3 and E5), who were hospitalized and received routine treatment for 12 and 15 days respectively, progressed from ordinary to severe illness. After taken Celebrex based on routine treatment, their PGE 2 levels were controlled and the pneumonia were gradually improved ( Figure 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269417-dtu7711x author = Hirashima, Tomonori title = Factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients: A retrospective single-center study date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4080 sentences = 225 flesch = 51 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The illness severity of Japanese COVID-Pts was associated with older age, hypertension and/or diabetes, low serum albumin, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein. Therefore, we undertook this study, among mainly Japanese patients, to examine factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients. As specified in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines [12] , in this study, the illness severity of patients with COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization was stratified into the following four categories: asymptomatic or presymptomatic infection, mild/moderate, severe, and critical illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe in detail, the factors associated with both disease severity and the treatment approach, including tocilizumab and IHDMPPT among Japanese COVID-19-pts. A recent study [17] reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in 104 people with SARS-CoV-2 infection on a cruise ship in Japan. cache = ./cache/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269554-fzu6dy4e author = Hussein, M. H. title = Asthma in COVID-19: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3091 sentences = 198 flesch = 51 summary = Univariate analysis of COVID-19 outcomes revealed that asthma was significantly associated with higher rate of endotracheal intubation (40.3% vs 27.8%, p = 0.036), mechanical ventilation (both invasive and non-invasive) (70.7% vs 52.2%, p = 0.039), and longer hospital length of stay (15.14 ± 12.48 days vs 11.51 ± 10.58 days, p = 0.015). Asthma was not associated with a higher rate of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (22.2% vs 14.9%, p = 0.12), acute respiratory distress syndrome (37.5% vs 30.9%, p = 0.27), or death (9.7% vs 13.5%, p = 0.45) among COVID-19 patients. On comparison to non-asthmatic obese patients, obese asthmatic patients were more likely to develop sepsis (25.9% vs 14.2%, p = 0.042), had higher risk of ICU admission (48.1% vs 33.2%, p = 0.042), and required prolonged intubation (2.73 ± 3.63 days vs 1.38 ± 2.07, p = 0.032).Impact of asthma comorbidity on COVID-19 outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269825-k685efoh author = Hu, Parker title = Early comprehensive testing for COVID-19 is essential to protect trauma centers date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3286 sentences = 177 flesch = 48 summary = We recorded the daily number of trauma patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of clinical symptoms or radiological signs of COVID-19, and the results of verbal symptom screen (for new admissions). Positive verbal screen results, presence of ground glass opacities on admission chest CT, and presence of clinical symptoms were not significantly different in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05). [14] [15] [16] While the position is becoming well defined for those patients with known, established disease, there is little available data to guide trauma centers that may be required to treat significant numbers of asymptomatic infected new patients during this ongoing crisis. The screening and testing procedure in the trauma bay subsequently identified four additional SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. All new trauma patients should be regarded as SARS-CoV-2 positive until testing can be completed to minimize exposures to staff and limit nosocomial spread of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269726-z0frgm7s author = Gidari, Anna title = Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6678 sentences = 441 flesch = 54 summary = Criteria for patients' selection were diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection [5] ; the subsequent meeting of criteria for hospital discharge (improvement of symptoms and two negative swabs collected at least 24 h apart) [4] ; and a positive respiratory sample collected after discharge. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement protocol [8] , a systematic review has been performed concerning the patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 that, after clinical and virological recovery, presented a new positive respiratory sample (swab, sputum, saliva, tracheal aspirate, or BAL). The patient was discharged in good clinical conditions with indication to repeat quarantine and swab tests that came negative for SARS-CoV-2 (Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay) on April 27 and 28 (Fig. 1b) . cache = ./cache/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269835-mz7i66qp author = Furfaro, Federica title = SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7275 sentences = 295 flesch = 38 summary = The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers. The panel of experts con sidered possible aerosolization during colonoscopy, in particular during the insertion and removal of instruments through the biopsy channel and the presence of the virus in the stool and advised on the use of N95 masks for lower gastrointestinal procedures as a precautionary measure to protect the endoscopist from the risk of possible COVID-19 transmission from the patient if infected by SARS-CoV-2 (ref. cache = ./cache/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269566-mgzal1th author = Carmody, Sean title = When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1409 sentences = 92 flesch = 54 summary = Mass gatherings such as a large number of participants and particularly crowds attending sporting events likely increase risk of transmission of COVID-19. The WHO highlights five key factors in determining risk 10 : ► Will the event be held in a country that has documented active local transmission of COVID-19 (community spread)? If, for example, a match was postponed to August, was played behind closed doors, substantial but achievable mitigations including enhanced hygiene, social distancing where practical, the ability to test and contact trace were put in place and transmission was (for illustration) present but significantly less Editorial in the host country, then the risk from that event can be reduced to low. Discussion with government, local health authorities, event organisers and the participants could take place, regarding suitability to proceed and what other controls can further decrease risk ( figure 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269537-h3lzl1un author = Banerjee, Aditi title = Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2937 sentences = 189 flesch = 39 summary = Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca(++) caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus's own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and sustained UPR signaling are major contributors to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including inflammatory disorders and viral infections [15] and can increase the severity of these events [16] . Endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE-1 signaling cause apoptosis in colon cancer cells in response to andrographolide treatment cache = ./cache/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269469-7pmnxi9a author = Bikdeli, Behnood title = Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Randomized trials should set the balance between excitement and evidence date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1060 sentences = 72 flesch = 42 summary = [10] [11] [12] Such results were embraced by some clinicians and clinical institutions, leading to a change in their routine practice, including recommendations for escalated-dose prophylaxis in all, or some hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Multiple randomized trials have been registered and are at various stages of progress to identify the optimal antithrombotic therapy for outpatients, inpatients, and critically-ill patients with COVID-19. 18 In a pilot single-center study, the authors randomly The authors should be congratulated for completing the first randomized controlled trial of anticoagulant therapy in patients with COVID-19. Anticoagulation, Mortality, Bleeding and Pathology Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Single Health System Study Intermediate versus Standard-dose Prophylactic anticoagulation and Statin Therapy versus Placebo in Critically-ill Patients with COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the INSPIRATION/ INSPIRATION-S Studies Anticoagulant interventions in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials and call for international collaboration Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase II clinical trial (HESACOVID) cache = ./cache/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269969-xl1ooxoj author = Duong, Tuyen Van title = Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4133 sentences = 209 flesch = 45 summary = title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. We examined the psychometric properties of an expanded digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) domain of health literacy to investigate associations between DDL and eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students at 10 public universities in Vietnam. In this study, our findings illustrate that higher scores of health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy were positively associated with healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for both nursing and medical students. cache = ./cache/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269528-m8i1ss4w author = Poortmans, Philip M title = Cancer and COVID-19: what do we really know? date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 736 sentences = 46 flesch = 47 summary = Although risk of death was significantly associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities, no interaction between anticancer treatments within 4 weeks before testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 morbidity or mortality was found. Increased 30-day mortality was associated with age, male sex, smoking, comorbidities, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, active cancer, region of residence, and receipt of azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine, but not with anticancer therapy. Similarly, for CCC19, by limiting observation to 30 days, and with follow-up data missing for 80 (61%) of 132 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), mortality rates are likely to increase. Will COVID-19 negatively affect active oncological treatments or, on the contrary, might anticancer therapy be protective against the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2? COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269972-p9lbgxr4 author = Imoto, W title = Coronavirus disease with multiple infarctions date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 687 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = Conversely, no renal and splenic infarction in a COVID-19 case has been reported. 3 also reported 14 COVID-19 patients with thrombo-embolic complications, no cases had a thrombosis in the abdominal organs. Clinicians should be aware that infarction, an important lifethreatening complication, may occur in any organ, and early anti-thromboembolism treatment should be considered in COVID-19 patients. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient's family for publication of this case report and the accompanying images. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy We would like to thank Kenichiro Uchida, MD, PhD, Tetsuro Nishimura, MD, PhD and Hiromasa Yamamoto, MD, PhD for participation in the treatment of this patient as members of the Trauma and Critical Care Center Department, Osaka City University Hospital. We would like to thank Koichi Yamada, MD, PhD for participation in the treatment as members of the Infectious Disease Medicine Department, Osaka City University Hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269428-0cusg8d1 author = Sari, Dina Keumala title = Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4135 sentences = 203 flesch = 51 summary = title: Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public's knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public's knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to illustrate the correlation between the general public's knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. The questionnaire was compiled based on questions relating to people's knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 infection in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the general public has good knowledge and a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269873-4hxwo5kt author = R., Mohammadi title = Transfer Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Chest X-ray Images date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3378 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, we have applied Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained models for detection COVID-19 infection from 348 chest X-ray images. To this end, the present study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. In this study, a CNN-based model was used to detect COVID-19 from the chest X-ray images. In this study, we proposed four pre-trained deep CNN models, including VGG-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 for discriminating COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images. In this study, we presented four pre-trained deep CNN models such as VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 are used for transfer learning to detect and classify COVID-19 from chest radiography. cache = ./cache/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269958-nj0ub9in author = Woods, Eric Taylor title = COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10579 sentences = 481 flesch = 49 summary = This is deepening as Taiwan gains substantial support from other democratic states, while China appears to be taking advantage of the health crisis to step up its naval and air force intrusions into the waters around the island and into the South China Sea. This growing linkage of the pandemic with the national security of the United States and China creates a context within which individuals in both countries are likely to be harassed as carriers of COVID-19, especially in the context of the rising populism that is highlighted by Miller-Idriss. cache = ./cache/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269850-5pidolqb author = Maghdid, Halgurd S. title = A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5046 sentences = 274 flesch = 57 summary = 1. We build a tracking model based on positional information of registered users to conduct contact-tracing of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The best thing to do seems to be let people go out for their business, but any body tests positive of COVID-19, we would be able, through proposed framework, to trace Fig. 3 A framework of contact-tracing using smartphone-based approach everybody in contact with the confirmed case and managing the lockdown and mass quarantine. In this study, k-means as an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is used to cluster the users' positions information and predict that the area should be locked down or not based on the same empirical thresholds. This Fig. 6 The results of the prediction model for both scenarios is followed by send back notifications from the server to the users to notify them for the crowded area and controlling the spreading the coronavirus COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269511-bfd1dmt3 author = Salacup, Grace title = Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID‐19 Patients in an Underserved‐Inner City Population: A Single Tertiary Center Cohort date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3453 sentences = 229 flesch = 51 summary = Multivariate logistic regression was Accepted Article used to look at the factors associated with inpatient mortality as primary outcome, and need for vasopressors, CRRT/HD, and mechanical ventilation as secondary outcomes. In this retrospective single center study, clinical characteristics were described, and risks factors were determined in association with inpatient death, need for intubation, need for CRRT/HD, and vasopressor use among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in an underserved minority population. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age as a continuous variable is significantly associated with inpatient mortality (p<0.001) with mean age higher amongst patient who died compared to those who survived (73 years old vs 64 years old; p<0.0001). Although African American patients, who were 70% of our study population, tended to have higher rates of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, there were no significant difference compared to other races (see Table S2 ). Patients in this study who received COVID-19 specific treatment (steroid, tocilizumab, and hydroxychloroquine) had poor clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269895-a4xja2t5 author = Chen, Xue-Yan title = TNFα inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2234 sentences = 146 flesch = 45 summary = Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNFα, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. 14 According to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (Trial Version 7)" announced by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, histological examination revealed obvious alveolar damage and mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, which may be the result of alveolar epithelial cell necrosis. 20 The pathology of severe group COVID-19 pneumonia revealed that immune cells, especially CD8 + T cells and Th17, were connected with the pathogenesis of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269900-7mzyib4r author = Ierardi, Anna Maria title = How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 177 flesch = 47 summary = All the staff of the angiographic suite must use personal protective equipment (PPE), according to accepted infectious disease and epidemiology guidelines. Geographic isolation of COVID-19 positive patients should occur in designated suites only, in order to minimize different room exposures and familiarize cleaning staff with the same rooms. When carrying out these procedures on Covid-19 patients, the WHO recommends N95 or FFP2 standard masks or equivalent, and gowns, gloves, eye protection, aprons and shoe covers [4, 6] . According to the internal guidelines of our hospital, all staff members and every person operating in the same room as a positive or suspected COVID-19 patient have to wear N95 or FFP2 masks. To minimize the in and out movement from the potentially contaminated room, the staff must remain close to the angiographic table with PPE and sterile equipment. Strict attention to probe cover removal is required post-procedure (with full PPE and eye protection) to avoid contamination. cache = ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269981-xm0by310 author = Shen, Cheng title = Perioperative preparation in thoracic day surgery: Battle against COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 90 flesch = 48 summary = The day surgery center of West China Hospital is a hospital-based surgical setting that has nine operating rooms, a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), 33 beds, and two nurse stations. Patients have to visit appropriate specialist clinics to evaluate whether they qualify for thoracic day surgery. In this scenario, patients must complete a thoracic specialist clinic evaluation and a COVID-19 epidemic survey. For the first time, patients must bring all their test results and anesthesia consultation to the Day Surgery Appointment Center for the surgeon to review and confirm whether all the tests have been completed prior to surgery. Generally, postoperative patients will transfer to the day surgery center ward after PACU for stage II recovery. To our knowledge, our data provide the first direct program and clinical pathway for thoracic day surgery to prevent the spread of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269563-2979u47a author = Caetano Silva-Filho, José title = The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4614 sentences = 218 flesch = 40 summary = Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell. to cell receptors, as well as (ii) the biochemical aspects of ABO blood group system and its association to infection and some circulatory conditions, we hypothesize that the influence of blood type on COVID-19 severity relies on the differential clustering of glycoproteins receptors to SARS-CoV-2 on host cell surface, induced by ABH antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions with the glycan portions of these receptors, which could modulate virus binding to the target cell. cache = ./cache/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269690-6r2bfydw author = De Lorenzo, Rebecca title = Residual clinical damage after COVID-19: A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4421 sentences = 245 flesch = 44 summary = Primary outcome was need of follow-up, defined as the presence at follow-up of at least one among: respiratory rate (RR) >20 breaths/min, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) requiring therapeutic change, moderate to very severe dyspnoea, malnutrition, or new-onset cognitive impairment, according to validated scores. At regression tree analysis, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) and body mass index (BMI) at ED presentation, and age emerged as independent predictors of the need of follow-up. Demographical data (i.e. age, gender, and ethnicity), comorbidities (i.e. hypertension, HTN, coronary artery disease, CAD, diabetes mellitus, DM, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, chronic kidney disease, CKD, active cancer, and current psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5), as well as body mass index (BMI), axillary body temperature, and laboratory values (i.e. the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure, PaO 2 in mmHg, to fractional inspired oxygen, FiO 2 , expressed as a fraction, PaO 2 /FiO 2 , white blood cell count, WBC, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, NLR, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, C-reactive protein, CRP, estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR using the CKD-EPI equation) at ED presentation were extracted for all patients. cache = ./cache/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269771-hffxb7bm author = Cheung, Ka Shing title = Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4797 sentences = 263 flesch = 51 summary = title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published gastrointestinal symptoms and detection of virus in stool, and also summarized data from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The proportion of patients with detectable stool viral RNA was higher among those with diarrhea than those without diarrhea Table 2 including the hospital admission period, places in which the patients were recruited, sample size, age, sex, disease severity, non-gastrointestinal symptoms (fever and respiratory symptoms) on presentation, and gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain/discomfort). In this meta-analysis of 4,243 COVID-19 patients from six countries, the pooled prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms (including anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain) was 17.6%. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270011-fmetxqqf author = Lasheras, Isabel title = Uso de antipalúdicos en el tratamiento del COVID-19: ¿una ventana de oportunidad? date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2286 sentences = 181 flesch = 56 summary = Sin embargo, un reciente ensayo clínico aleatorizado publicado en China que analizaba la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de 400 mg de hidroxicloroquina junto con los distintos tratamientos recomendados por el Plan Nacional Chino de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento (INF2a, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Arbidol, etc), frente al uso exclusivo de estos últimos en 30 pacientes con infección por COVID-19 no encontró diferencias significativas en la carga viral a los 7 días de tratamiento, ni en la estancia media hospitalaria, el tiempo medio de disminución de la temperatura corporal, la evolución radiológica en la TC o los efectos adversos, que, para ambos grupos, consistieron en diarrea transitoria y función hepática alterada. cache = ./cache/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269792-yth3t2cf author = Qiu, Ruijin title = Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 based on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3052 sentences = 208 flesch = 59 summary = Frontline clinicians, as well as nurse, methodologist, evidence based-medicine researcher, and staff from the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry participated by video conference to vote. The stakeholders in the consensus meeting were a TCM clinician, WM clinician, nurse, methodologist, evidence-based medicine researcher and staff from the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry. reporting the results of the Delphi survey of professionals and the public, and the results of the patients' questionnaire; (iii) discussing the candidate outcomes and their instruments/definition; (iv) voting on the outcomes and reaching a consensus. Six frontline clinicians (one from a WM hospital and five from a TCM hospital) as well as one frontline nurse, one methodologist and one researcher who participated in the design of clinical trials of COVID-19 were invited to attend the consensus meeting. After reporting the results of the Delphi survey and patients' survey, participants discussed some outcomes they believed should/should not be measured in clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269826-l44xbgok author = Wills, Timothy T. title = Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1300 sentences = 83 flesch = 47 summary = title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. We describe in a brief technical report the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission during endotracheal intubation. The addition of an orthopedic hood covering to standard PPE may provide protection for health care workers during highrisk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. cache = ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author = Kergaßner, Andreas title = Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4492 sentences = 257 flesch = 54 summary = Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. Based on the history of S, other quantities and subgroups can be determined directly from including medical data on the various courses and infectiousness levels of the disease via corresponding integration weights: We distinguish between the states infectious γ I , symptomatic γ S , tested and quarantined γ Q , hospitalized γ H , in intensive care γ ICU , recovered γ R and deceased γ D . Figure 6 shows the model predicted spatial distribution at county resolution of infectious, symptomatic, hospitalized, and patients in intensive care, following from the individual disease courses in Fig. 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269856-6h3j89wn author = Paolo Fadini, Gian title = Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3940 sentences = 201 flesch = 40 summary = Abstract Aims We investigated whether pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission hyperglycemia were associated with COVID-19 severity independently from confounders. Higher glucose level at admission was associated with COVID-19 severity, with a stronger association among patients without as compared to those with pre-existing diabetes (interaction p<0.001). In the present study, we investigated the role of pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission glucose levels on the outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In unadjusted analysis, presence of diabetes (including pre-existing and newly-diagnosed) compared to its absence was associated with a higher incidence of the primary outcome (37.4% vs 20.3%; RR 1.85; 95% C.I. 1.33-2.57; p<0.001; Figure 1A ). In this study, we found that newly-detected diabetes and admission hyperglycemia were more strongly associated with COVID-19 severity outcome than pre-existing diabetes. The association between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 severity was significantly stronger for patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes than for those with pre-existing diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270112-o2exvfy5 author = Ferrarese, Carlo title = An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID) date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2465 sentences = 103 flesch = 31 summary = We report here the description of a multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), involving the Italian Neurological Departments, who will consecutively recruit patients with neurological symptoms and/or signs, occurred at the onset or as a complication of COVID-19. A comprehensive data collection, in the form of electronic case report form (eCRF), will register all possible neurological manifestations involving central nervous systems, peripheral nerves, and muscles, together with clinical, laboratory (including cerebrospinal fluid, if available), imaging, neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological data. More specifically, the aims are to gather data on the following: (1) the appearance of neurologic symptoms and/or signs at COVID-19 onset or during the disease course, (2) the exams performed for the diagnosis of the neurological involvement, (3) the clinical course of both the COVID-19 infection and the neurological events, but also the occurrence of possible long-term neurological complications within a 6-month period of follow-up. cache = ./cache/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269914-75to9xr2 author = Jansson, Miia title = Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1363 sentences = 76 flesch = 30 summary = Diagnostic models have been proposed in a variety of clinical situations including early detection or stratification of sepsis [5] , bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19) [5] , and delirium in the ICU [5] , as well as pulmonary embolism in primary care [6] . Prognostic models have focused on predicting ICU-related mortality [7] , infections (e.g., positive blood culture, MRSA) [5] , responses to treatments [5] , antibiotic resistance [5] , asynchronies during assisted ventilation [8] , prolonged MV [9] , extubation failure [10] , and death in influenza [11] , COVID-19 [12, 13] , and community-acquired pneumonia [14] . Geolocated critical care demand prediction, optimal hospital resource planning, and intelligent patient flow management with decision support algorithms can also be achieved by integrating real time clinical data with population statistics and health interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270184-bq5p2gs6 author = Alrubaiee, Gamil Ghaleb title = Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5559 sentences = 271 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: A descriptive, web-based-cross-sectional study was conducted among 1231 Yemeni HCPs. The COVID-19 related questionnaire was designed using Google forms where the responses were coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package (IBM SPSS), version 22.0. The results further revealed that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge, optimistic attitude, moderate level of anxiety, and high-performance in preventive behaviours, 69.8, 85.10%, 51.0 and 87.70%, respectively, towards COVID-19. The questionnaire consisted of 58 items that sought to collect information on the respondents' knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and preventive behaviours toward COVID-19. This fact motivated the need to undertake the current study aiming to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and preventive behaviours among HCPs towards the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country. cache = ./cache/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270021-8obqdbh9 author = Percy, Edward title = Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare? date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1917 sentences = 105 flesch = 39 summary = This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary: As COVID-19 case numbers continue to increase worldwide, many additional patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will benefit from cardiac rehabilitation and post-discharge care following acute care hospitalization. We describe the current status of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Canada and provide suggestions on steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to optimize post-discharge cardiac care in the COVID-19 era. 3 As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, it is plausible that there will be a massive surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid CVD who will require cardiac rehabilitation after acute care hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270232-ln7iil5y author = Bergman, Yoav S. title = COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2437 sentences = 118 flesch = 52 summary = Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the current study aimed at examining the role of ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explored the moderating role of ageism as strengthening this connection. Moreover, we hypothesized that the health worries-anxiety symptoms connection-would be stronger among older adults who display high levels of ageism. Our results demonstrate that both COVID-19 health-related worries and ageism resulting from the current pandemic were positively associated with anxiety symptoms among older adults. cache = ./cache/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270046-bxtez39p author = Bourion-Bédès, Stéphanie title = Psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on students in a French region severely affected by the disease: results of the PIMS-CoV 19 study date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4424 sentences = 194 flesch = 47 summary = The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the factors associated with anxiety among French students during lockdown.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, anxiety symptoms and social support. Based on this recent literature on the psychological impacts of the epidemic among students and because the Grand Est region was one of the three French regions that was most severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, the students from this area may be at particular risk of developing severe mental health issues. Thus, to evaluate their mental health and to understand student needs in order to develop interventions, this study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of anxiety and determine which sociodemographic, living conditions and health status characteristics could predict anxiety among French students during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270249-miys1fve author = Liu, Xianbo title = COVID-19: data-driven dynamics, statistical and distributed delay models, and observations date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8122 sentences = 407 flesch = 56 summary = Based on the parameter identification approach described in this section, the COVID-19 infection dynamics for several countries from North America, South America, Europe, and Asia is found to be captured well by using the generalized logistic function Fig. 4 . By contrast, the outcome of composite global model shown in Fig. 9 , which is comprised of 148 identified sub-models, matches the worldwide COVID-19 data with good consistency for both the total number of infection cases and daily increments. The quarantine rate ζ and the infection rate β are the only two parameters that the authors can use to control against the spreading of the virus in the improved SEIQR model with distributed time delays, given by Eqs. (iii) Based on the data-driven COVID-19 dynamics studied with the distributed delay model, it is evident the measures taken in countries such as China and South Korea were effective in dropping the reproduction number R 1 to be below 0.5. cache = ./cache/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269909-1cso5cl4 author = Amatya, Shaili title = Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5552 sentences = 278 flesch = 44 summary = The unexpectedly high asymptomatic carrier rates reported from other institutions as well as prolonged face-to-face patient care required during labor and delivery drove this decision, allowing for judicious personal protective equipment (PPE) use and decreased potential exposure for both healthcare workers and newborns. Several reports, based on expert opinion, have recommended that DCC not be performed in neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in order to reduce the risk of secondary transmission [15, 47, 49] . For resuscitation of premature, high-risk, and newborns with anomalies born to mothers with cinfirmed or suspected COVID-19, a fully donned neonatal resuscitation team enters the room upon delivery. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270254-dp7z1kla author = Inzitari, Marco title = How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 826 sentences = 48 flesch = 48 summary = title: How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 We critically review the actions taken by Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, a PAC facility in Barcelona, to manage the pandemic, including its administration, healthcare, communication, psychological support and ethical frameworks. Brief Summary: The paper describes how a large post-acute care facility in 23 Barcelona, was adapted at the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic to become 24 a polyvalent reference center for older COVID-19 patients assessed as not 25 requiring intensive care. 26 Key word: COVID-19, post-acute care, older adults, geriatrics, geriatric 27 syndromes, palliative care 28 Funding source: This research did not receive any funding from agencies in 29 the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Geriatric screening tools to select older adults susceptible for direct transfer from the emergency department to subacute intermediate-care hospitalization Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care Skilled Nursing Facility cache = ./cache/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269970-tnnpo6hu author = Musa, Hassan H title = L’impact psychologique silencieux de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Soudan date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 61 flesch = 49 summary = Because of population density, social structure, cultural norms, reduced healthcare capacity, and poverty, it is challenging to place millions of people in Sudan under lockdown, including those living in some of the largest refugee camps in the country, without impacting their mental health. When the COVID-19 cases reached the community transmission stage, and the confirmed positive cases and the death rate rose, Sudan entered into quarantine experience which led to distress in the form of fear, panic, anxiety, anger, stigma, depression, xenophobia, confusion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress [9] . In addition to the prevention and treatment of disease, it may be prudent to perform mental health assessments of confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected patients, quarantined family members, and healthcare personnel to ensure that individuals are coping well during the pandemic [16] . mental health treatment for front-line clinicians during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a plea to the medical community cache = ./cache/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269643-12qm4h9w author = Liu, Pai title = Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns” date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4902 sentences = 292 flesch = 48 summary = We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question "How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?" For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. Therefore, we term the period March 19-28 as the "latency period" (see the shaded area in Fig. 1) , and the period thereafter as "benefits manifestation period." Calibrating our model using baseline epidemiological data corresponding to the "latency period" enabled us to unbiasedly probe and address the question: How long and with what intensity does the US need to implement social distancing as a sustainable public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic? cache = ./cache/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270079-vwnzp6zj author = Galanis, Nikiforos title = Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection: a case of acute upper limb ischemia date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1260 sentences = 70 flesch = 39 summary = We report a case of severe coagulopathy manifesting with right upper limb arterial and deep vein thrombosis in an 80-year-old male patient with severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia. At that point, his coagulation laboratory tests were deranged, and he eventually developed dry gangrene in his right thumb and index finger, as well as a deep venous thromboembolism in his right axillary vein. Since the beginning of the pandemic, it has become evident that COVID-19 infection does not only affect the respiratory tract but in some patients it seems to evolve to a systemic disease with severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure [1] . We present a case of an 80-year-old patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection, who developed severe coagulopathy with peripheral arterial infarcts and deep venous thromboembolism. Seven days later, while his general condition was deteriorating, he developed acute ischemia in his right thumb and index finger (Fig. 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270327-v4td3zsa author = Atallah, Bassam title = A Marker of Systemic Inflammation or Direct Cardiac Injury: Should Cardiac Troponin Levels be Monitored in COVID-19 Patients? date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1691 sentences = 95 flesch = 47 summary = The first and perhaps most significant overlap between COVID-19 and cardiac disease lies in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)'s pathogenicity and virulence. Of this cohort, 19.7% of patients had cardiac injury, accompanied by more comorbidities, and higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, creatine kinasemyocardial band (MB fraction), myoglobin, high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine. 5 With relation to COVID-19, a meta-analyses of four studies that included a total of 341 patients in China found the values of cTnI to be significantly increased in cases of severe disease (SMD, 25.6 ng/L; 95% CI, 6.8-44.5 ng/L) compared to milder forms. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Association of troponin level and age with mortality in 250 000 patients: cohort study across five UK acute care centres. cache = ./cache/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269827-h7qxodvh author = Mukhtar, Psychol. Sonia title = Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 215 sentences = 21 flesch = 47 summary = key: cord-269827-h7qxodvh title: Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective journal: J Emerg Nurs cord_uid: h7qxodvh The mental health of healthcare professionals, in general, and nursing staff, in particular, 6 has been challenged in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak throughout the world. Responding to mental health needs after terror attacks The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 87 novel coronavirus Mukhtar S Mental Health and Emotional Impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief Model 90 for Medical Staff to General Public of Pakistan Brain Behav Immun Guidelines for emergency 93 psychological risk intervention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: 97 exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Mental Health of Medical Workers in Pakistan during the 101 Integrated infection control strategy to minimize nosocomial infection 103 during outbreak of COVID-19 among ED healthcare workers cache = ./cache/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270238-5esd2eti author = Tian, T. title = Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 2692 counties of the United States date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2509 sentences = 162 flesch = 62 summary = A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. Design: A negative binomial design was applied to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 on April 15, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-variant cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to April 15, 2020. We collected the number of cumulative confirmed cases and total deaths from March 1 to April 15, 2020, for counties in the United States from the New York Times(9). Residential segregation between non-White and White in was the significant factor associated with the mortality of COVID-19 across the three classes of counties as shown in Figure 3 . cache = ./cache/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270322-jkvo8s3f author = Singh, Jasvinder A. title = Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3407 sentences = 167 flesch = 45 summary = METHODS: We assessed medication use, healthcare utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and resilience in people with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Our objective was to assess the current patterns of gout care, including medication use and healthcare access, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological distress, and patient resilience, in people with gout in the midst of COVID-19. In addition to the demographics, we collected information on the use of medications for gout including ULT (allopurinol, febuxostat, and probenecid) and the patterns of use, gout flares, gout-specific quality of life, psychological distress, resilience, medication adherence, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on difficulty with gout care and healthcare access. cache = ./cache/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270467-es6dnx36 author = Frisardi, Vincenza title = Commentary: Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 68 flesch = 43 summary = An article published on Frontiers Public Health supported the evidence of possible mechanisms linking IR and COVID-19 severity via the upregulation of ACE 2, the protein involved in virus entry (1) . We need to understand the molecular mechanisms related to the higher risk both of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 and of developing a more severe disease (COVID-19). The International Severe Acute Respiratory & Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) International report of 1,123 patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 found that obesity was the fifth most observed comorbidity in hospitalized patientsonly somewhat less common than "high-risk" pulmonary conditions 2 . As reported from the authors, in people with obesity and diabetes, it is clear that other mechanisms independent of ACE2 expression are likely to contribute to the more severe phenotype of COVID-19. Coronavirus and obesity: could insulin resistance mediate the severity of COVID-19 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270019-er70ehk4 author = Yang, Kunyu title = Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4268 sentences = 242 flesch = 48 summary = title: Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study METHODS: We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3·51 [95% CI 1·16–10·59]; p=0·026) and male sex (OR 3·86 [95% CI 1·57–9·50]; p=0·0033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. 5 In particular, male sex and receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset were identified as risk factors for death in patients with cancer who were diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270422-2xqptne5 author = Kobsa, Serge title = Commentary: A Pandemic Blueprint for Planning Your Act and Acting Your Plan date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 436 sentences = 30 flesch = 54 summary = a comprehensive and detailed plan to take care of both types of patients. Regular and uninterrupted communication with full transparency on the current status, data analysis and future predication further empowers the team. As an example, an analysis at our center showed that the rate of in hospital transmission in a non-COVID CTICU unit was extremely low(5). The plan, however, is to be modified and updated through constant data and situation analysis. As the authors astutely point out, one should not risk a patient dying from heart disease to save someone dying of COVID-19 -a principle we could not agree with more. Institutional preparedness strategies for heart failure patients during the COVID-19 pandemic The rapid transformation of cardiac surgery practice in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Insights and clinical strategies from a center at the epicenter Transition of a Large Tertiary Heart Failure Program in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Changes That Will Endure cache = ./cache/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270419-krrd074l author = Falkenhain‐López, Daniel title = SARS‐Coronavirus‐2 and acute urticaria date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 338 sentences = 34 flesch = 55 summary = key: cord-270419-krrd074l cord_uid: krrd074l A 51-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of dry cough and arthralgias. The patient did not present angioedema or bronchospasm, and there was no swelling of the tongue, uvula, or peritonsillar area. Blood test showed lymphopenia and elevated C-reactive proThe association between urticaria and infectious diseases has been discussed for more than 100 years. However, this association with virus infections has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a case of a woman with no previous history of urtiWe consider it important to emphasize that SARS-CoV-2 and acute urticaria may be associated. Furthermore, the skin lesions might appear before the onset of the main respiratory symptoms, occurring at the early phase of the infection as part of the clinical presentation of COVID-19. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection Association between urticaria and virus infections: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270465-9jp0xw7j author = Ono, Yoshitaka title = Asthma exacerbation associated with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1020 sentences = 65 flesch = 48 summary = Here, we report a case of exacerbation of previously well-controlled asthma associated with the onset of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one case series of asthma exacerbation accompanied by SARS-CoV-2 infection. 4 In the present case, sore throat, a relatively rare symptom observed in 5%e17% of the patients with COVID-19, 3, 4 preceded the appearance of wheezing and dyspnea, and therefore, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses, such as the rhinovirus and RSV could not be ruled out. 9 In addition, a report demonstrated that corticosteroid administration delayed viral clearance in MERS-CoV cases. 7e9 For the patients with COVID-19 who develop asthma exacerbation, it might be important to reduce the dose and duration of systemic corticosteroids as much as possible and administer drugs with antiviral abilities, such as favipiravir, in combination. cache = ./cache/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270214-5bjow148 author = Tan, Winson Jianhong title = Safe Colorectal Surgery in the COVID-19 Era – A Singapore Experience date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1834 sentences = 119 flesch = 50 summary = In this article, we share our colorectal unit's workflow ( Fig. 1 ) and recommendations (Table 1) for safe practice in the COVID-19 era. Workflow for patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures in the COVID-19 era: Patients who have any travel history within 14 days, or has contact with any member of the public who is positive for COVID-19 or on home quarantine, or has new onset of flu-like symptoms will be advised on postponement of procedure. Unlike MIS, the exposure of the surgeon to smoke inhalation is likely higher in open surgery which raises the possibility of COVID-19 transmission. For COVID-19 cases, surgery is performed in a dedicated negative pressure OR. Secondly, the appropriate PPE in this era needs to be reviewed and perhaps all OR staff should be in N95 respirators for all colorectal procedures until there is more evidence regarding transmission risk during surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270083-gm8i9olj author = Jang, Jong Geol title = Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2714 sentences = 170 flesch = 54 summary = CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Older age, male sex, presence of comorbidities, low oxygen saturation, and abnormal lab findings (high lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] , high procalcitonin, low CD4 cell count, low albumin level) were shown to be risk factors for severe However, patient-and disease-related factors vary from region to region, and these factors may be associated with the clinical severity of COVID19. We showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 were independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270245-zziwb2jy author = Russell, Beth title = Factors Affecting COVID-19 Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A First Report From Guy's Cancer Center in London date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4112 sentences = 192 flesch = 47 summary = Being of Asian ethnicity [3.73 (1.28–10.91)], receiving palliative treatment [5.74 (1.15–28.79)], having an initial cancer diagnosis >24 months before [2.14 (1.04–4.44)], dyspnea [4.94 (1.99–12.25)], and increased CRP levels [10.35 (1.05–52.21)] were positively associated with COVID-19 death. During a median follow-up of 37 days, the following cancer patient characteristics were found to be positively associated with COVID-19 death: Asian ethnicity, palliative treatment, initial cancer diagnosis >24 months, dyspnea at presentation, and high CRP levels. Apart from the CCC-19 Consortium (16) , no study to date has specifically looked at COVID-19 severity at presentation in COVID-19 positive cancer patients and hence our observation of an association with time since cancer diagnosis and presenting symptoms needs further validation in other large cohorts with homogenous definitions of inclusion criteria, testing strategies, and outcome measures. cache = ./cache/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270116-r2rnnsfh author = Lippi, Giuseppe title = Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4742 sentences = 192 flesch = 37 summary = As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized especially by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Recent studies have also been published on the possibility to use rapid reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection, but additional evidence is needed at this point in time for validating their routine usage in COVID-19 diagnostics (38, 39) . As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270511-eugkdh6k author = Grossman, Ephraim S. title = COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3070 sentences = 196 flesch = 57 summary = title: COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related worries and resilience as potential moderators of the loneliness-sleep problems link. In summary, the aim of the current study was to examine how worries or resilience may moderate the link of COVID-19 imposed loneliness with sleep problems. Reports of sleep problems correlated positively with loneliness and with COVID-19 related worries, and negatively with resilience. After controlling for the effect of Step 1 variables, loneliness, but not resilience or COVID-19 related worries, was related to higher sleep problem levels. Interactions further corroborated our hypotheses, indicating that among older adults, the rate of sleep problems associated with loneliness depended on COVID-19 related worries, and inversely on resilience. cache = ./cache/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270124-tqhkzd2w author = Campos, Fábio Guilherme title = General recommendations to the colorectal surgeon during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2196 sentences = 123 flesch = 46 summary = The present article aimed to bring to the colorectal surgeon the current recommendations and general safety measures in order to prevent infection dissemination, to improve surgical planning in terms of timing and specific technical aspects. Since its appearance in China, in December of last year, the infection J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (known as COVID-19), has spread rapidly and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March of this year. While there is an increasing number of new cases and deaths, there is a recommendation to delay elective surgeries (including selected cancer cases) in order to provide medical resources and beds (including ICUs), increase the hospital areas that can be used, concentrate hospital activities for emergency care and, mainly, reduce the chances of cross-infection of doctors, patients and visitors. [15] General recommendations and care measures during surgical procedures Any procedure performed on a COVID-19-positive or suspected patient must be performed in a specific room. cache = ./cache/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270518-750vhgwo author = Nappi, Carmela title = Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging for ischemic heart disease date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3041 sentences = 140 flesch = 45 summary = RESULTS: The number of stress SPECT-MPI studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 123) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) compared with the mean yearly number of procedures performed in the corresponding months of the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 (n = 413). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) work-up for ischemic heart disease during the lockdown imposed by the Italian Government [7] . Our data also show that while patients with abnormal stress SPECT-MPI findings during the previous years 2017-2019 were older with higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension compared with those with normal imaging results, during pandemic COVID-19 outbreak, there was no difference between patients with normal and abnormal tests as regards to these clinical risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270122-xijsj0d8 author = Hogan, Robert Edward title = COVID-19 in Patients With Seizures and Epilepsy: Interpretation of Relevant Knowledge of Presenting Signs and Symptoms date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1636 sentences = 92 flesch = 42 summary = Realizing the need for current information, this summary provides a focused summary of pertinent clinical diagnostic information about neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus and clinical presentation of COVID-19, especially in relationship to patients with seizures and epilepsy. Overall, findings indicate seizures and epilepsy are rare, especially in mild COVID-19 cases, but may occur in more severe cases later in the disease course. Realizing both the need for and limitation of current information, this summary provides a focused summary of pertinent clinical diagnostic information about neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19, especially in relationship to patients with seizures and epilepsy. 27 As compared to population-based studies of the initial clinical presentation of COVID-19, studies in patients with seizures and epilepsy are lacking. While a neuroinvasive mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus CNS infection remains a postulated cause of clinical neurological disease, 16 investigation of new-onset neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 found lack of evidence for direct acute insult of SARS-CoV-19 virus to the CNS. cache = ./cache/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270290-i4p4p0o4 author = Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan title = Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1716 sentences = 91 flesch = 54 summary = The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000 mg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800 mg first day then 400 mg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (≤2.3 mg/kg/day, CQ; ≤5.0 mg/kg/day, HCQ) for development of retinal toxicity. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] As the therapeutic doses of CQ and HCQ recommended in the trials and guidelines are relatively high compared with the maximum daily safe dose that is related to CQ and HCQ retinal toxicity, this issue of retinal toxicity should be taken into consideration when employing these 2 medications for treatment of COVID-19 worldwide. According to the recommendation by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the most significant major risk factors for CQ and HCQ retinal toxicity are high dose and long duration of use. cache = ./cache/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270614-4q7itegc author = Bisaillon, Laura title = Clever COVID-19, Clever Citizens-98: Critical and Creative Reflections from Tehran, Toronto, and Sydney date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 164 flesch = 56 summary = We argue that reflexive comparative analysis bridging social and visual analysis, anchored in embodied conditions of such people, offers a way to learn from responses to COVID-19 while also being an exercise in ethical research practice. We argue that reflexive comparative analysis bridging social and visual analysis, anchored in embodied conditions of such people, offers a way to learn from responses to COVID-19 while also being an exercise in ethical research practice. Such rituals have been repeated for millennia, and there are local and regional variations in the way people in Iran and its bordering countries and their diasporas enact Nowruz and the haft seen. This is a new Fig. 1 Separate, but together: Changing haft seen and Nowruz practices to care for each other within conditions imposed by COVID-19 experience for us, who have shared a roof for more than a decade. cache = ./cache/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270611-4hfn12hh author = Grossi, Enzo title = Guidelines for the Perplexed: How to Maximize Colonoscopy Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 979 sentences = 51 flesch = 43 summary = [10] propose in this issue of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, the policy of appropriately triaging and rescheduling endoscopic procedures, in particular screening and surveillance colonoscopy, should be based on specific and timely adopted new guidelines. In their single-center observational study of patients scheduled for open-access (OA) colonoscopy ordered by a primary physician over a six-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic, they found that up to one-fifth of colonoscopies can be rescheduled into a future year based on USMTSTF guidelines [14] . Thus, the study confirms that: a) PCPs recommend repeat colonoscopy sooner than guidelines suggest [15, 16] ; and b) a significant proportion of open access colonoscopies for colorectal cancer prevention are indeed inappropriate, confirming the figure of nearly 8% according to a recent review by Kapila et al. Adoption of multi-society guidelines facilitates value-based reduction in screening and surveillance colonoscopy volume during COVID-19 pandemic Gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated review of guidelines and statements from international and national societies cache = ./cache/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270509-roc93m4f author = Radhakrishnan, Suma title = Guidelines for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1523 sentences = 138 flesch = 53 summary = We also did explore the current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and studied the previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. • The benefit of performing early tracheostomy in critically ill COVID-19 patients are unclear from available data [1] . • To reduce time in contact with aerosolized secretionscomplete paralysis of patient to prevent coughing; stopping mechanical ventilation just before entering trachea; reducing use of suction during the procedure [14] . 4. Tracheotomy is performed under direct vision without movement of patient; tracheostomy tube is inserted, followed by inflation of the balloon. Effect of early versus late or no tracheostomy on mortality and pneumonia of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and metaanalysis Surgical considerations for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270336-x1up9nvp author = Filatov, Asia title = Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1131 sentences = 76 flesch = 51 summary = We report a case of a 74-year-old patient who traveled from Europe to the United States and presented with encephalopathy and COVID-19. Since elderly patients with chronic medical conditions are at an increased risk of altered mental status in the setting of acute infections, patients with COVID-19 infection can also present with acute encephalopathy and changes in their level of consciousness. Here we report a case of a patient who presented with encephalopathy and was found to be infected with COVID-19. Elderly patients with chronic conditions are at an increased risk of altered mental status in the setting of acute infections. Since COVID-19 affects more the elderly and those with preexisting conditions, patients with prior neurological conditions and acute respiratory symptoms are at an increased risk of encephalopathy on initial presentation. Health care providers should be aware that patients with COVID-19 can present with encephalopathy in the acute setting and during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270591-0szbkhiz author = Shi, Chen title = Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6198 sentences = 354 flesch = 41 summary = Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. This review discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of heparin regarding its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and direct antiviral activities, providing current evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of heparin therapy for this major public health emergency. In addition to its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activity, heparin may possess a direct antiviral effect to SARS-CoV-2, based on the preclinical studies for other viral infections. There are both preclinical evidence and clinical data to demonstrate the benefits of heparin therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.With anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects, heparin can offer supportive treatment and alleviate the systematic symptoms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270481-rrpqz0uy author = Hays, Russell title = Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1080 sentences = 62 flesch = 40 summary = Helminth infections are known to be powerful modulators of the human immune response, and numerous studies now highlight the effects this may have on human infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. One of the clear predictors of severe COVID-19 that has emerged during the pandemic has been the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients contracting the virus. These metabolic diseases are characterised by an inflammatory milieu, with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, many of which are also implicated in the severe form of COVID-19. It is therefore feasible to propose that a reduced capacity for the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased numbers of regulatory immune cells due to the immunomodulatory effects of pre-existing helminth infection could result in a reduced risk of severe COVID-19. Epidemiological studies of the prevalence of severe COVID-19 in societies in which helminth infection is common would clearly be of great interest, but currently, no reliable data exists. cache = ./cache/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270399-yfko8mpc author = Foster, Allison title = It’s complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3390 sentences = 210 flesch = 47 summary = title: It's complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury In this report, we discuss a unique case of an HIV-positive patient in New York City who presented with a 2-week history of worsening fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and myalgias and was found to have COVID-19 pneumonia and acute kidney injury. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute kidney injury, SARS-CoV-2 renal tropism, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on COVID-19 pneumonia are discussed. 20 Whether directly through involvement of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with ACE-2 receptor or indirectly from causing hypotension from an undetermined mechanism, this patient's decline in renal function can be attributed to his acute infection with COVID-19. [24] [25] [26] Our patient's exceptional clinical course despite having HIV lends to the idea that his HAART regimen as well as his azithromycin use prior to presentation may have decreased the total amount of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in both the renal parenchyma and pulmonary tissue resulting in a rapid recovery and subsequent hospital discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270628-jtj30v0r author = Alharthy, Abdulrahman title = Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4249 sentences = 250 flesch = 45 summary = [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Lung US was suggested to be particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic because of its ability to identify subtle lung parenchymal changes early in the course of disease, monitor the evolution of pulmonary lesions in hospitalized patients, and guide mechanical ventilation therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Chest computed tomography (CT) rapidly became the mainstream imaging method in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia by identifying the typical pattern of ground glass opacities with variable infiltrates and consolidations, while showing a high correlation with laboratory detection of the virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Hence, in this study, the primary end point was to analyze the lung US findings in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia or admission to the ICU longitudinally throughout their disease course. cache = ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270654-cz2y6ta9 author = Deftereos, Spyridon G. title = The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2114 sentences = 136 flesch = 43 summary = Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. Based on the aforementioned data, the question which arises is whether colchicine, administered in a relatively low dose, could potentially have an effect the patients' clinical course by limiting the myocardial necrosis and pneumonia development in the context of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome Colchicine therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients acts on caspase-1 to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome monocyte activation cache = ./cache/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270530-abiuiiff author = Fan, D.-P. title = Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Scans date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6153 sentences = 374 flesch = 54 summary = To address these challenges, a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) is proposed to automatically identify infected regions from chest CT scans. To address above issues, we propose a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) for CT Scans. Moreover, to alleviate the shortage of labeled data, we also provide a semi-supervised segmentation system, which only requires a few labeled COVID-19 infection images and then enables the model to leverage unlabeled data. Therefore, we extend Semi-Inf-Net to a multi-class lung infection labeling framework so that it can provide richer information for the further diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Specifically, we utilize the infection segmentation results provided by Semi-Inf-Net to guide the multi-class labeling of different types of lung infections. This framework can take full advantage of the infection segmentation results provided by Semi-Inf-Net and effectively improve the performance of multi-class infection labeling. cache = ./cache/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270519-orh8fd1c author = Oliveira, A. C. S. d. title = Bayesian modeling of COVID-19 cases with a correction to account for under-reported cases date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4263 sentences = 231 flesch = 55 summary = To address these issues, we introduce a Bayesian approach to the SIR model with correction for under-reporting in the analysis of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. The proposed model was enforced to obtain estimates of important quantities such as the reproductive rate and the average infection period, along with the more likely date when the pandemic peak may occur. Focusing on the modeling and estimating, aiming to preview the behavior and the speed of the COVID-19 growth, this paper presents an approach to address the problem of under-registration of COVID-19 cases in Brazil, proposing methodologies to work on the inaccuracy of the official reported cases. The model was estimated considering COVID-19 data in Brazil, assuming a reporting rate between 0.05 and 1.00, varying every 0.05. The simulation study revealed that the parameters estimates from the SIR model and the peak estimate which is a concern of several researchers and health authorities are sensitive to reporting rates. cache = ./cache/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270475-mkpn9tz6 author = Requena, Manuel title = COVID-19 and Stroke: incidence and etiological description in a high-volume center. date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 137 flesch = 49 summary = Although COVID-19 pandemic has produced an enormous collateral damage over stroke systems of care leading to a drop of mild strokes admissions and late arrival of severe strokes, only incidental cases of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in young adults infected by SARS-CoV-2 have been reported without a clear causative relationship (4) . The presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with worse functional outcome and higher mortality among patients with acute stroke (11) ; in parallel, history of stroke has also been associated with more severe clinical symptoms and poorer outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (12) . From March 2 nd to April 30 th , 2050 patients were admitted to our center with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; of them 21 (1.02%) presented an acute ischemic stroke 21 and 4 (0.2%) suffered an ICH. Our study shows that the frequency of acute stroke in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospital admission is low (1%) and in most cases a usual cause of stroke was identified. cache = ./cache/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270525-nmebqrb1 author = Núñez-Velasco, Santiago title = Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Non-COVID-19 Designated Latin-American Neurosurgery Department date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2660 sentences = 133 flesch = 53 summary = METHODS An organized response regarding personnel, surgical case selection, operating room behavior, and facility reorganization were designed to prevent an internal coronavirus outbreak in the neurosurgery department at the Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. Based on the epidemiological and biological information available in the literature on COVID-19, specific measures adapted to our resources were implemented to design a protocol of organized administration of human resources both assistant and administrative, optimized surgical procedures, proper handling of personal protective equipment and adaptation of the facilities of the neurosurgery department of the FAAHC when treating neurosurgical patients with no SARS-CoV-2 known condition. This would lead us to a catastrophic scenario because there are reports of a 12% of hospital-associated transmission of the virus as the mechanism of infection of patients, that in our case are weak and many of them immunosuppressed; thus, cases of contamination of health-care personnel have also been reported, especially in non-designated COVID areas in which precautions might relax. cache = ./cache/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270723-cjfglili author = Fteiha, Bashar title = QTc prolongation among hydroxychloroquine sulfate‐treated COVID‐19 patients: An observational study date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3317 sentences = 191 flesch = 50 summary = Age > 65 years, congestive heart failure, severity of disease, C‐reactive protein level, hypokalemia and furosemide treatment, were all associated with QTc prolongation. CONCLUSION: In patients treated with HCQ, QTc prolongation was associated with the presence of traditional risk factors such as hypokalemia and furosemide treatment. All rights reserved Univariate analysis revealed that in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ, age above 65 years, severe or critical illness, congestive heart failure, hypokalemia, furosemide treatment and increased CRP level were all significantly associated with the composite endpoint (Table 2) . However, multivariate analysis in this small dataset also suggested that in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ, concomitant hypokalemia and furosemide treatment were strongly associated with QTc prolongation. In conclusion, our study shows that QTc prolongation among HCQ-treated patients was associated with traditional, modifiable risk factors such as hypokalemia and furosemide treatment which are both commonly observed in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270528-3rsv3jlh author = Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh title = The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe? date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 192 flesch = 48 summary = The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , and has affected people's lives globally, since first observed in Wuhan, China in the last days of 2019 (1, 2) . On the other hand, the hyper-inflammatory and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) typical of COVID-19 causes tissue damage to the lung epithelium and ARDS (32); therefore, immunosuppressive drugs may be useful as there is some evidence that an anti-IL-6 approach is effective in critically ill patients in the ICU (33) . Also, due to the overexpression of ACE2 in islet cells of the pancreas, SARS-CoV-2 may be a diabetogenic virus that causes severe instability in the blood glucose levels of diabetes patients, which worsens the inflammatory imbalance (37) . cache = ./cache/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270721-81axdn0g author = Allam, Zaheer title = The Emergence of Voluntary Citizen Networks to Circumvent Urban Health Data Sharing Restrictions During Pandemics date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5164 sentences = 209 flesch = 48 summary = In view of required immediate actions, volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen science concept have emerged, where people voluntarily share location and health status data to circumvent data sharing restrictions imposed upon corporations and governments. With all these, in the case of COVID-19, startups engaged in providing more insights are observed to access data from those sources, including airline ticketing and from governments of different countries, and with these, they are able to run simulation and predictive algorithms to come up with conclusions guiding policy orientations. Such were shared by BlueDot and Metabiota, some of the modern startups that use data, and through advanced technologies, such as natural language processing and machine learning, they were able to predict some of the geographical location that the virus would spread next from Wuhan, days before first cases were reported in those regions. On the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Smart City Network: Universal Data Sharing Standards Coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Benefit Urban Health Monitoring and Management cache = ./cache/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270669-hng8ivz2 author = Li, R. title = Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection from event attendance: Results from Louisiana, USA, two weeks preceding the national emergency declaration date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3820 sentences = 187 flesch = 51 summary = Participants' estimates of an impending national health crisis increased significantly during the study's second week (March 9-12) while concern about personally contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events increased only marginally during the study's final days. We find those expressing a higher likelihood of an impending national crisis were more concerned about contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events, suggesting a possible transmission from perceptions of national-level events to perceived personal vulnerability via local exposure. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049742 doi: medRxiv preprint plot in Figure 2 is that Local Vulnerability persistently lags National Likelihood, and does not 3 2 2 significantly exceed the 50% mark until the last day of the study, which is the first day after the 3 2 3 state of Louisiana had declared a public health emergency, but before LSU had cancelled classes 3 2 4 or campus events. cache = ./cache/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270742-kzo879gu author = Naeem, Syed title = Successful recovery from COVID‐19 in three kidney transplant recipients who received convalescent plasma therapy date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2699 sentences = 162 flesch = 48 summary = We present a novel case series of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 who recovered after receiving COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 1 . We present a novel case series of three kidney transplant (KT) recipients with COVID-19 who recovered after receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. Use of CP for treating Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) 6 , syndrome of acute respiratory distress (SARS) 7 , and Influenza A (H1N1) 8 may have contributed to improved survival rates in infected patients. It is important to note that prednisone may also delay recovery due to inhibition of antiviral immune response from the host and clinical evidence does not currently support corticosteroids as adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 patients 13 . cache = ./cache/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270425-1ughypnx author = Louis-Jean, James title = Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3737 sentences = 208 flesch = 50 summary = In the USA, health disparities among minority groups, especially African Americans, limit their access to quality medical care and other beneficial resources and services. Presently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) highlights the extreme healthcare challenges that exist in the African American and other minority communities in the USA. This is a major concern that government and public health officials should address as it has been shown that in 21 out of 30 states reporting data, black people accounted for a higher share of COVID-19 cases than their share in the population [5] . Racial inequities in healthcare institutions, lack of access to information, higher levels of preventable chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, asthmas, hypertension, etc.), and COVID-19 testing not being widely available in minority communities are among the many factors resulting in African Americans dying at disproportionate numbers during this pandemic [30] . cache = ./cache/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270474-jaurhjvr author = Xiang, Zhen title = Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4417 sentences = 258 flesch = 46 summary = We verified the efficacy of nine chemicals on regulating ACE2 expression in human GES-1, an upper digestive tract epithelial cell line, and THP-1, a human monocyte cell line, and found that several glucocorticoids imparted activating effects on ACE2 in both cell lines. We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of nine severe or critical patients from a cohort of 90 COVID-19 cases, who received medium to small doses of glucocorticoids from our integrated medical team in Wuhan. This study provides experimental and clinical evidence that medium-to-low-dose glucocorticoids may play a protective role in the respiratory and digestive systems by activating ACE2 and suppressing cytokine storm. Because the epithelial cells of the respiratory and digestive tracts are susceptible targets of SARS-CoV-2, we verified the regulatory effects of several candidate agonists of ACE2 expression on available normal human epithelial cells. Compared to the blank control, hydrocortisone revealed the strongest activating effect on ACE2 expression, followed by prednisolone, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone. cache = ./cache/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270858-ozvdz9ew author = Altmann, Daniel M title = What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1563 sentences = 90 flesch = 49 summary = Strategies in various countries that aim to stagger return to work on the basis of disease severity risk and age do not take account of how exposing even lower-risk individuals, such as young people with no comorbidities, to the virus so as to increase herd immunity can still result in pandemic spread. A caveat is that most studies, either of SARS survivors or of COVID-19 patients, have focused on people who were hospitalised and had severe, symptomatic disease. Anecdotal reports of reinfection from China and South Korea should be regarded with caution because some individuals who seemed to have cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested negative on PCR might nevertheless have harboured persistent virus. 16 On the basis of this estimated R 0 , the herd immunity calculation suggests that at least 60% of the population would need to have protective immunity, either from natural infection or vaccination. cache = ./cache/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270784-cmhtpxz7 author = Thorakkattil, Shabeer A. title = Structural and operational redesigning of patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services and its effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2593 sentences = 159 flesch = 44 summary = RESULTS: As a result of the structural and operational changes made in patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 48% prescriptions requests and 90% prescriptions fills are increased through online health portal application. CONCLUSION: The access to ambulatory care pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic has been successfully maintained via medication home delivery, remote area pickup locations, pharmacy call-center consultations and refill requests, online health portal application services, and other measures, while reducing the number of physical visits to the JHAH hospital/clinic to ensure compliance with infection control and prevention measures. Person-and patient-centered interventions applied within JHAH ambulatory care pharmacy services due to COVID-19 pandemic include the following: (I) General pharmacy infection control and prevention measures, (II) access to medication management care measures, (III) business continuity and staffing measures, and (IV) medication automation-related measures. cache = ./cache/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270897-fywmv7jg author = Pattanakuhar, Sintip title = A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1362 sentences = 98 flesch = 52 summary = title: A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report During the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury (SCI) and COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical SCI resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A with unrecognized, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection. Acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe, life-threatening condition causing functional impairments and affects multiple body systems including the respiratory system. The most common cause of death in patients with COVID-19 is reported to be acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A non-COVID-19 related cause of cardiac sudden death in this patient could be pulmonary embolism (PE), 5 which is commonly found in patients with acute SCI. cache = ./cache/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270951-6nq3jwgr author = Amerio, Paolo title = COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Should we fear for patients treated with biologics? date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2258 sentences = 154 flesch = 53 summary = One of question is if psoriasis patients treated with immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have to discontinue their treatment in the midst of fears for the infection and its consequences. Previous coronaviruses outbreaks reports, current published evidences on pathogenesis and on clinical reports of COVID infection in immunosuppressed patients are used to make a scientifically based decision. 3 Recently some concern over the possibility that cytokine directed immunosuppressive treatment may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in psoriasis patients has been expressed. Given the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of SARS and MERS severe disease, also ant inflammatory drugs have been suggested as novel treatments in these diseases. High levels of IL-2, IL-7, GM-CSF, MIP1-α, and TNF-α have also been correlated with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China cache = ./cache/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270781-f9nra823 author = Gulia, Ashish title = Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3355 sentences = 195 flesch = 52 summary = We conducted a survey amongst oncologists across India who are involved in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, to analyse the patterns of screening, prioritising, and managing these patients within the constraints of resources and policies available with them. The purpose of this survey was to determine the consistency, or the lack of it, in the patterns of care offered to sarcoma patients between centres and the policies followed. This survey covered three main domains (a) participants speciality and working environment (b) Institutes' policies related general COVID-19 prevention and management (c) practices related to musculoskeletal tumor management in COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical management of sarcomas was as per usual only in 15.5% of respondents, with the rest adapting, including 42% who were avoiding procedures requiring long duration and blood loss, 27% were operating only emergency cases, while in 15.5% surgery was done only in high grade sarcomas with curative intent (Fig. 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270799-2pmpspuj author = Zayet, Souheil title = Clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza: A comparative study on Nord Franche-Comte cluster date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2849 sentences = 167 flesch = 57 summary = Fever or feeling of fever, fatigue, cough and pain 133 symptoms (myalgia, arthralgia and headache) were the fourth most prevalent symptoms for both 134 diseases (COVID-19 and influenza A/B) without significant statistical differences except for frontal 135 headache and other localization of headache. The onset of 145 these symptoms (from illness onset) didn't differ between the two groups except for fever which 146 appeared earlier in COVID-19 than in influenza (respectively 1.9 days [±1.5] vs 2.7 days [±1.5], 147 p=0.045). However, we noticed two otorhinolaryngological symptoms recently described 169 with SARS-CoV-2: anosmia and dysgeusia, present in half of our patients. On the other hand, sore throat, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, sneezing, sputum production, 222 dyspnea, vomiting and rhonchi at pulmonary auscultation were more frequently described in 223 influenza group than COVID-19 group with statistically significant differences. cache = ./cache/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270866-olc5r2yx author = Mallet, Jasmina title = Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6839 sentences = 392 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: Overall, pathophysiological data showed an increased risk of infections for individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and a possible protective role of nicotine. An electronic search was conducted in Medline (PubMed interface), using the MESH (Medical Subject Headings) search terms ("coronavirus 2019" OR "COVID-19" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2") AND "substance use" OR "SUD" OR "tobacco smoking" OR "cigarette "OR "smoking" OR "nicotine" / "alcohol" / "cannabis" OR "THC" /"opiates" OR "opioid"; between 2019 and the present time (i.e., June 4, 2020), with language restriction (English or French). Heavy alcohol use (assessed several years before) was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or COVID-19 related hospitalization (OR=1.12 (0.93-1.35)). Finally, as all past economic crises were associated with increased long-term alcohol-related problems (especially for men and low socio-economic strata) (de Goeij et al., 2015) , we might expect important effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the next decade. Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis cache = ./cache/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270983-2m38duq4 author = Schuivens, Puck M.E. title = Impact of the COVID-19 lock down strategy on vascular surgery practice: more major amputations than usual date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 831 sentences = 62 flesch = 58 summary = OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on the number and type of vascular procedures performed in the operating theatre. RESULTS: Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020 respectively; p-value .019). CONCLUSION: Measurements taken during the lockdown period have a significant effect on non-COVID-19 vascular patient care, which leads to an increased severe morbidity. Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant 46 increase in number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020 47 respectively; p-value .019). During the COVID-19 lockdown period, 10 patients underwent surgery for an aortic 156 aneurysm. cache = ./cache/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270868-4s3q2i6v author = Collins, Lauren F. title = Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2170 sentences = 119 flesch = 48 summary = title: Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia BACKGROUND: There are limited data describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes among US persons with HIV (PWH) requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION: The multisite series in the Southern United States provides characteristics and early outcomes of hospitalized PWH with COVID-19. To understand how COVID-19 may affect persons with HIV (PWH) in the Southern United States, a prematurely aging population with a high comorbidity burden [3, 4] , we analyzed cases among hospitalized PWH in Atlanta, Georgia. The prevalence and burden of non-AIDS comorbidities among women living with or at-risk for HIV infection in the United States Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 -Georgia cache = ./cache/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271089-xzckxnv8 author = Lifshits, M. title = COVID-19 mortality rate in Russia: forecasts and reality evaluation date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6164 sentences = 308 flesch = 61 summary = India 17 14 11 10 6 4 4 3 3 3 Russia 9 5 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 South Africa 51 44 39 30 23 21 18 14 6 5 Mexico 25 20 17 17 14 14 11 9 8 6 Peru 16 13 12 12 8 7 7 5 5 7 Chile 28 24 19 15 13 9 8 6 7 8 Spain 2 2 3 4 4 6 6 7 9 9 UK 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 8 10 10 Iran 8 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 11 11 Pakistan 27 22 20 18 16 15 12 12 12 12 Saudi Arabia 22 17 16 16 15 16 15 13 13 13 Colombia 48 42 38 32 27 23 21 19 18 14 Italy 3 3 6 6 7 8 9 11 14 15 Turkey 7 9 9 9 11 12 13 15 15 16 Bangladesh 45 37 30 23 20 18 17 18 17 17 Germany 5 7 8 8 9 11 14 16 16 18 France 4 6 7 7 12 13 16 17 19 19 Argentina 53 54 50 44 38 34 27 23 20 20 Compiled by the authors based on the data from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ The list of leaders in the total number of COVID-19 -related deaths over the last two months have not changed as much as the total number of people infected, since the mortality in the first European countries affected with the new disease was particularly high, besides the growth in the number of infections over time is reflected in the increase in the number of deaths (table 2). cache = ./cache/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270896-uw59kk4y author = Benson, Nicole M title = COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 993 sentences = 52 flesch = 39 summary = 1 People with psychiatric conditions or substance use disorders, particularly those in residential treatment or inpatient facilities, are at increased risk of exposure to COVID-19, not only because of the difficulty in evaluating their medical symptoms and history, but also because of frequent patient turnover, limited space and staff, and general resource constraints in many facilities. Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus responsible for the development of COVID-19-pose a substantial threat of spreading the virus because they come in contact with other susceptible individuals given the close quarters and communal living environments. 9 One potential strategy for improving detection could involve testing all patients for COVID-19 at two or more time points before entry to the inpatient unit to mitigate the risk of false negative results for those with uncertain time of disease onset. cache = ./cache/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270740-3su8pc3f author = Sultan, Sherif title = COVID-19 Cytokine Storm and Novel Truth date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2381 sentences = 140 flesch = 56 summary = A Chinese scientist(5) used a bio-informatics model to describe the hypothesis of COVID 19 as methemoglobin, where the COVID-19 virus structural protein sticks to heme -displaces oxygen -which alters the iron-free ion, leading to inflammation of alveolar macrophages, which culminate in a systemic response ending in a cytokine storm . What we must focus on is that COVID19 attacks RBCs. Patients have frequently been found COVID-19, SARS2 is not 'pneumonia' nor ARDS Through the current experience across the world, invasive ventilation is becoming the last resort, as emergency intubation from the Chinese, Italian and American experience evidences higher mortality, not to mention complications from tracheal scarring and stiff lung during the duration of intubation. The lung damage seen on CT scans is due to the oxidative stress released from the hemolysed red blood cells, which in turn overwhelm the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and cause a cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270828-h9tgkboe author = Huang, V. S. title = Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8769 sentences = 465 flesch = 45 summary = To investigate social distancing's sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). For each population grouping listed above, we analyzed three key events: (1) the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020, (2) the release of President Trump's national guidelines for reopening ("Opening Up America Again"abbreviated OUAA) on April 16th, and (3) the time period (including effective date) of states' first relaxation of social distancing . cache = ./cache/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270935-t9pym9k0 author = Dumyati, Ghinwa title = Does Universal Testing for COVID-19 Work for Everyone? date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2681 sentences = 179 flesch = 55 summary = Strategies to address COVID-19 infections among nursing home residents vary based on the availability for SARS-CoV-2 tests, the incorporation of tests into broader surveillance efforts, and using results to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. Dr. Jump reports support for this work in part through the Cleveland Geriatric Research 50 While there is general agreement that increased access to testing is important for personal and 23 public health, the selection and use of diagnostic tests to mitigate COVID-19 infections in post-24 acute and long-term care settings is complex and should be tailored to individual sites. Because he met the nursing 36 home's enhanced screening criteria for COVID-19 (Table 1) , 1 he was placed on transmission-37 based precautions and a laboratory test for SARS-CoV-2 was ordered. cache = ./cache/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270922-7z0n78ja author = Lee, You Hyun title = Characteristics of Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu Province, Korea date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2347 sentences = 133 flesch = 47 summary = No significant differences were determined in terms of positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16.9%) and the relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P > 0.05). 6 also reported conjunctivitis as an ocular finding in COVID-19 patients, demonstrating a positive correlation with higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase in Hubei, China. Blood test results indicated significantly higher values of procalcitonin, neutrophil count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase in the first-episode group compared to the relapsed group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16 .9%) and relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P = 0.18). Other factors such as age; total duration of hospitalization; gender; presence of pneumonia, diabetes, or hypertension; and other blood test results showed no significant difference between the ocular symptom-positive and -negative groups (P > 0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270885-wkczsrgu author = O'Donoghue, Cathal title = Modelling the Distributional impact of the Covid‐19 Crisis(1) date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4369 sentences = 190 flesch = 48 summary = We combine nowcasting methods using up-todate data from Live Registers, official reports on the labour market and policy impacts of COVID-19 with the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and a household income generation model to predict the distributional impact and the fiscal costs of the COVID-19. We overcome this challenge by proposing a more nuanced approach based on a 'nowcasting' methodology (O'Donoghue and Loughrey, 2014) which combines the latest available European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data with recent data on employment and prices to calibrate a microsimulation model of household incomes, taxes and benefits to produce a real time picture of the population and to identify who is affected differentially (Atkinson et al, 2002) . However, given the nature of the shock, and the multi-faceted impact on household living standards, it is necessary to utilise an augmented version of disposable income, which takes into account also work-related expenditures (childcare, commuting), housing costs and capital losses. cache = ./cache/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270933-ecmg8kti author = Ali, Ashaq title = COVID-19: Clinical aspects and therapeutics responses date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1655 sentences = 102 flesch = 51 summary = Furthermore our newly applied combination (Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol Hydrochloride) showed effects in 5-7 days for patients with mild symptoms and was found effective with 98 % recovery rate. The significant alternation in laboratory findings during hospitalization was a high level of C reactive protein, lymphopenia, increases in WBC, and neutrophil count ( Both patients with mild symptoms and asymptomatic, received TCM LH Capsule in combination with Arbidol Hydrochloride tablets, with dosage and duration detail in (Table 03 ). Findings of the current study have shown that the treatment of COVID-19 patients with LH capsule in combination with Arbidol Hydrochloride resulted in significant recovery. Furthermore, the combination of LH with Aribidol hydrochloride can be used as effective therapeutics against COVID-19, specifically for Patients with mild symptoms. The effect of Arbidol Hydrochloride on reducing mortality of Covid-19 patients: a retrospective study of real world date from three hospitals in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270987-7vm6heh1 author = Al-Awadhi, Abdullah M. title = Death and contagious infectious diseases: Impact of the COVID-19 virus on stock market returns date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1988 sentences = 118 flesch = 61 summary = As a natural experiment, we use panel data regression analysis to measure the effect of the COVID-19 virus, which is a contagious infectious disease, on the Chinese stock market. The findings indicate that both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and in total cases of death caused by COVID-19 have significant negative effects on stock returns across all companies. The principal novelty of the present study is the examination of the effect of contagious infectious diseases, specifically the COVID-19 virus, on stock market returns. Table 5 reports the results of the panel data tests during the COVID-19 outbreak including B-share dummy variable that is equal to one if stock ( ) is a B-share, and zero otherwise. Specifically, stock returns are significantly negatively related to both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and the daily growth in total cases of death caused by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271048-tq1sk01g author = Ellis, R. title = Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 101 flesch = 55 summary = Many surgical colleagues are being trained in managing unwell patients suffering with coronavirus on the wards, others have been supporting emergency departments and intensive care units. Despite covering an increasing number of patients admitted with COVID-19, surgeons will still be dealing with emergency surgical admissions and will continue to operate on emergency cases. In light of these new and unfamiliar challenges, there are resources available to help surgeons revise their knowledge of acute medicine and receive updates on COVID-19 via webinars 5, 6 ; critical care websites with up to date guidelines and handbooks (such as the intensive care society: www.ics.ac.uk/ICS/handbooks.aspx); Systemic Training in Acute Illness Recognition and Treatment for Surgery (START) course, that includes a human factors presentation, on the RCS website; Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons course (NOTSS) presentations are available on the RCS Edinburgh website (www.rcsed.ac.uk) to both members and non-members. cache = ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271032-imc6woht author = Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas title = Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9740 sentences = 692 flesch = 58 summary = Given the dramatic changes in various immune cell populations (Fig. 1C+D) , we next 171 assessed their composition and activation state by droplet-based scRNA-seq in 27 samples 172 from 18 COVID-19 patients (8 mild & 10 severe, cohort 1, Table S1 ) collected between day 173 3 and day 20 after symptom onset. All LDNs also expressed high levels of alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 (Fig. 5D) , whereas 343 other S100 genes (e.g. S100A4, S100A12) were strongly induced in selected neutrophil 344 Alterations of the neutrophil compartment were further interrogated by mass cytometry of 362 whole blood samples of COVID-19 patients (n=8 mild + 9 severe, cohort 1), FLI patients 363 (n=8), and age-and gender-matched controls (n=9) (Table S1), using a panel designed to 364 detect myeloid cell maturation and activation states as well as markers of 365 immunosuppression or dysfunction (Table S2) . cache = ./cache/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270970-9gtnsyts author = Wolf, Michael S. title = Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4493 sentences = 213 flesch = 51 summary = In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. cache = ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271212-y8denvju author = Xu, Xia title = Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3097 sentences = 165 flesch = 52 summary = title: Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed among moderate, severe and critically ill group patients. From February 3, 2020, to March 20, 2020, we conducted a retrospective study focusing on the clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, during which the rapid growth speed of diagnosis rated up to 58% in Wuhan, Hubei province. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271168-a9sf8f4p author = Montaner, Joan title = Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 171 flesch = 52 summary = To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region. Therefore, to better understand how the acute stroke care situation in the era of the COVID pandemic crisis might be affected, we evaluated the number of stroke cases attending and treated at a south European region before and during the outbreak. Unfortunately, we observed a sharp decrease in the number of stroke code activations and ambulance transfers, a reduction in consultations through telestroke, the number of patients admitted to our stroke units, and treated with IV tPA or receiving thrombectomy, which had a clear temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases that crowded our hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271220-sntawlnf author = Tadic, Marijana title = COVID‐19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence? date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2431 sentences = 127 flesch = 42 summary = Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID‐19 patients. Even though the number of studies with follow-up is rather limited, these data are suggesting that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are underlying conditions associated with adverse outcome-admission in intensive care unit, mechanic ventilation, and death [6] [7] [8] [9] 13, 18 (Table 3) . In one of the largest study published (n = 1099) so far, diabetes was present in 7.4% of COVID-19 patients and it was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe form of disease and those who experienced primary outcome end point (admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death). In meta-analysis that included 1558 patients with COVID-19, it was found that diabetes, as well as hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was associated with exacerbation and admission to intensive care unit. cache = ./cache/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271221-aoc61qy5 author = Markowitz, Kenneth title = Fever and other clinical indicators may fail to detect COVID-19 infected individuals date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 676 sentences = 48 flesch = 50 summary = Instead, the authors examined a sample of people at risk for COVID-19 infection, a group of Japanese nationals evacuated from Wuhan, China, to Japan. All 565 evacuees were assessed for symptoms including fever determined by temperature screening, and interviews to collect information concerning cough and other non-specific symptoms that are consistent with COVID-19 infection. These results indicate that symptom-based screening of COVID-19 is likely to fail to detect many infected individuals. The rationale behind COVID-19 screening by assessing temperature and self-reported flu-like symptoms is to identify individuals who are likely to be infected. Although commonly conducted in dental facilities, using body temperature measurements and a person's self-report of symptoms can fail to identify COVID-19 infected individuals. The evidence does however indicate that symptom-based screening of patients and staff for COVID-19 should not be relied on to protect the dental environment from this virus. Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cache = ./cache/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270934-vzsdvrwo author = Raza, Azra title = Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2006 sentences = 104 flesch = 47 summary = The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Ali 1,2, The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. COVID-19 impacts every aspect of care for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the City of New York from where we are writing, our hospital is serving as the epicenter of the pandemic within the city. cache = ./cache/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271062-ev2efm10 author = Fransawy Alkomos, Mina title = COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Bilateral Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in a Young Healthy Female date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1235 sentences = 70 flesch = 49 summary = Similar symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary embolism (PE) creates a diagnostic challenge to every physician, and emerging data show an association between COVID-19, hypercoagulable state, and venous thromboembolism. Since EKG finding of S(I) Q(III) T(III) pattern and right ventricular strain, and ECHO finding of right ventricular dysfunction are well described in PE but not in COVID-19, these bedside diagnostic tools can help identify COVID-19 patients with underlining PEs. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] virus) was first reported in China in December of 2019 [1, 2] . Fever, dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and elevated D-dimer were some of the commonly reported symptoms in two retrospective studies in China; these data overlap with pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical presentation and laboratory tests [1] [2] [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271235-rsewj2mv author = Morgul, Ebru title = COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3658 sentences = 162 flesch = 45 summary = For attitudinal items, normal participants generally showed more positive attitudes than the fatigued in believing that COVID-19 will finally be controlled, satisfaction with preventive measures taken by the authorities, reporting suspected cases with symptoms and trusting that Turkey can overcome the COVID-19 pandemic (p < .001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that level of education, avoiding going to crowded places, eye, nose and mouth organs are sensitive organs to the virus, keeping physical distance due to epidemic affect by COVID-19 virus, isolation and treatment of people reduce the spread of COVID-19 virus and 14-days period of time, COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with the respiratory droplets of an infected person, occupational status, health education programme needed and antibody treatment variables were significantly associated with fatigue after adjusting for age, gender and income variables. cache = ./cache/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271042-0ilj86y9 author = Bonanad, Clara title = Coronavirus: la emergencia geriátrica de 2020. Documento conjunto de la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5732 sentences = 534 flesch = 57 summary = Resumen La infección por SARS-CoV-2, denominada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19), es una enfermedad desconocida hasta diciembre de 2019 a la que nos enfrentamos en España desde el 31 de enero de 2020 —fecha del primer caso diagnosticado en nuestro país— y que ya ha causado la muerte de 7.340 personas (a 30 de marzo de 2020), sobre todo mayores. Este aumento de morbimortalidad en el paciente mayor se ha asociado tanto con las comorbilidades, especialmente la enfermedad cardiovascular, como con la situación de fragilidad, que conlleva una respuesta inmunológica más pobre. Estos datos probablemente estén sesgados, debido al infradiagnóstico de pacientes leves o asintomáticos, así como brotes no documentados en residencias de tercera edad, por lo que se desconoce la distribución real por edad, aunque dan una idea de la gravedad del impacto de esta situación en la población geriátrica cuando más del 30% de los pacientes ingresados con infección confirmada tiene 70 o más años. cache = ./cache/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271186-82q22u6i author = Picichè, Marco title = Cardiac Involvment in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Inflammatory Syndromes date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1216 sentences = 73 flesch = 43 summary = In their review discussing the effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSin children and adolescents, Loke, Berul and Harahsheh highlight the overlapping features between Kawasaki disease (KD) and the recently described inflammatory syndrome called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) [1] . Although in children with MIS-C, the inflammatory response may sometimes be associated with transitory respiratory impairment, this feature is more prominent in adults with COVID-19, who may even require venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) support. However, notwithstanding the existence of considerable observational data on the use of ECMO for influenza A (H1N1) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus-related ARDS, the real utility of ECMO in adult COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure is uncertain and remains under investigation [15] . In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 may generate an inflammatory syndrome in both adults and children, albeit with several different characteristics and consequences. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271262-xglhx928 author = Ghia, Samit title = “ANESTHESIA STAT” TO INTUBATE A COVID-19 PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3280 sentences = 184 flesch = 37 summary = Although reducing exposure of medical personnel is of obvious importance, there has been a dearth of literature discussing clinical strategies during the induction and intubation of COVID-19 patients. Ketamine could be a good agent for COVID-19 patient inductions; however, the anesthesiologist must be wary of cardiac failure with induction doses, especially if there is any preexisting history of cardiac disease or concern for viral cardiomyopathy. Prior to entering the COVID-19 patient's room, a review of the chart or a discussion with the primary team should include past medical history, current hemodynamic state, pertinent labs and findings, current medication regimens and the need to intubate over other strategies to improve oxygenation and ventilation. Upon entering the COVID-19 patient room, after securing appropriate personal and procedural equipment, the anesthesiologist should quickly move to the head of the bed while assessing the patient's current oxygenation and airway. cache = ./cache/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271416-53qxs7ge author = Zhou, Kehua title = Towards precision management of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 to reduce mortality date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1098 sentences = 61 flesch = 46 summary = 1 Suppression of the classical angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (angII)-angiotensin receptor (AT) 1 axis may be part of the treatment of COVID-19 while decreasing CVD complications and mortalities. Lower levels of ACE2 mediates the occurrence of cytokine production that can cause or is the result of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, 2,5 similar to the pathophysiology of type 2 myocardial infarction in COVID-19, especially in those with underlying CVDs. Going one step further, we postulate that CVD patients with a poorer tolerance to hypoxia may have higher morality risks of COVID-19, which may also apply to healthy people. In conclusion, the alignment between our postulated clinical mechanisms and epidemiological estimates, despite some confounding factors, enables us to propose a novel hypothesis between patients of high-altitude origin and their lower mortality risk of COVID-19. The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms with adaptation to high altitude: A meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271308-nypkr537 author = Drexler, Richard title = Involvement of Medical Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3545 sentences = 194 flesch = 50 summary = Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the education of medical students around the world and countries have had differing responses in dealing with this dynamic situation. Final year students had already been working in hospitals since before the outbreak, with 35.0% of them assisting doctors in the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients during their placements. The final year students were asked about the changing workload since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact to COVID-19 positive patients, possible infection, and the impact on future residencies. To evaluate the usefulness and gratitude of the voluntary work during COVID-19 pandemic, the 17 volunteering students were confronted with several statements that were answered using a 5-Point Likert Scale (Figure 1) . In addition, volunteers' work was appreciated and valued more by the medical staff in comparison to final year students conducting their clinical placements (p<0.01). cache = ./cache/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271142-ncmr955j author = Brandariz-Nuñez, D. title = Interacciones medicamentosas potenciales en pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3076 sentences = 299 flesch = 51 summary = Conclusión: La prevalencia de interacciones potenciales en paciente COVD 19 en tratamiento con LPV/r es elevada, comportándose como factores de riesgo asociados la edad (>65), el ingreso en UCI, la patología previa respiratoria, psiquiátrica y la dislipemia y el número de fármacos prescritos. La variable dependiente fue presentar ≥ 1 interacciones potenciales, mientras que las variables independientes fueron la edad, el ingreso en UCI, la polimedicación, el número de fármacos prescrito y la patología previa. Por otro lado, las bases de datos describen interacciones entre dos fármacos, mientras que el cribado se realiza con múltiples combinaciones que pueden Como conclusión, los pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con LPV/r están expuestos a tener una alta prevalencia de interacciones potenciales, comportándose como factores de riesgo asociados la edad (>65), el ingreso en UCI, la patología previa respiratoria, psiquiátrica y la dislipemia y el número de fármacos prescritos. cache = ./cache/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271187-rlevoj41 author = Vijh, Rohit title = Serological Survey following SARS-COV-2 Outbreaks at Long Term Care Facilities in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia: Implications for Outbreak Management and Infection Control Policies date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1510 sentences = 78 flesch = 31 summary = A cross-sectional serological survey was carried out in two long term care facilities that experienced COVID-19 outbreaks in order to evaluate current clinical COVID-19 case definitions. Serological testing may be useful to evaluate and inform public health infection control practices by uncovering cases missed during an outbreak using current laboratory-based and clinical case definitions. Our analysis aims to provide a descriptive overview of a serological survey of LTC residents and staff members following outbreaks at two facilities and evaluate clinical case definitions of COVID-19 used in LTC outbreaks against serological results. Clinical information (symptomatic/asymptomatic history, symptoms recorded, medical comorbidities, medications) for each individual was gathered by abstracting data from a standardized case report form (Appendix C), medical charts of LTC residents, and phone interviews. however, no studies to date have used serology to inform clinical case definitions and subsequently infection control measures in LTC facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271174-886xc1n3 author = Lipworth, Brian title = Weathering the Cytokine Storm in Susceptible Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2344 sentences = 136 flesch = 38 summary = High-risk patients requiring hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are those over 60 years old, males, obese, smokers, and those with common comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic lung disease. The cytokine cascade resulting from acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, with downstream IL-6 activation considered to be a hallmark feature in terms of progression of COVID-19 pneumonia to hyperinflammation and ARDS. Also shown are the putative mechanisms of action for bromhexine and hydroxychloroquine in attenuating upstream SARS-CoV-2 tissue binding, the effect of antivirals on replication, azithromycin as an antiviral and immunomudulator, nonspecific cytokine suppression by corticosteroids, together with the selective downstream effect of IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab or sarilumab and effects of anti-TNF and interferon beta-1-a. Patients with eosinophilic asthma and COPD should continue to use ICS-containing therapy to maintain optimal control and protect against viral insults including SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271363-nsjn05q0 author = Page, Matthew J. title = ‘One more time’: why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2495 sentences = 116 flesch = 37 summary = • Given the urgent need for credible answers to high-priority questions about the health and social impacts of COVID-19, many systematic reviewers seek to contribute their skills and expertise; • Rather than embarking on unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. We believe that while original reviews are essential, decision making during the pandemic would benefit also from the purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Along with minimising production of unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Based on registration data in PROSPERO, there are many systematic reviewers keen to contribute to the COVID-19 research effort, who could band together to work on purposeful replications that evaluate the impact of abbreviated methods on review findings, rather than proceeding with a redundant review. cache = ./cache/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271582-xo2a4wnj author = Chew, Christopher title = Medical ethics in the era of COVID‐19: Now and the future date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1167 sentences = 64 flesch = 47 summary = Instead, as the pandemic ravaged developed nations in the early months of the pandemic, COVID-19 exposed conflicted political leadership, limited vital medical supplies including personal protective equipment (PPE) and under-funded public health system capacity. Similarly, COVID-19 has forced healthcare workers in developed countries to confront moral dilemmas that have received limited attention from policymakers, clinicians and ethicists until now, but are part of daily life for their counterparts in resource-poor nations. Public health ethics has seen renewed relevance, including highly charged debates about the provision of PPE and whether healthcare workers have a 'duty to treat'. One struggle emerging at the clinical coalface is preserving the vital relationship between patients and healthcare providers despite unprecedented change in medical systems and delivery of care. Clinical ethics recommend ations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271525-sgrr0mat author = Sinha, Rahul title = Infantile spasms and COVID-19: Challenges and solutions in resource-limited settings date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1144 sentences = 81 flesch = 52 summary = A prospective study assessing the effectiveness of telemedicine was conducted in our centre in 2014 among 78 children between 4 months and 7 years of age with West syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In cases where baseline EEG is not available, clinical resolution of spasms and improvement in general activities in the infant may be used as a surrogate marker for the response. If spasms continue even after 2 weeks of maximum dose of steroid, then either ACTH or vigabatrin can be started depending on the availability. Developmental and epilepsy outcomes at age 4 years in the UKISS trial comparing hormonal treatments to vigabatrin for infantile spasms: a multi-centre randomised trial. Crisis Standard of Care: Management of Infantile Spasms during COVID-19 The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response in Children with West Syndrome in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Case Record Analysis Reverse quarantine: Management of COVID-19 by Kerala with its higher number of aged population cache = ./cache/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271407-wrhjnz8w author = Greco, Francesco title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality-of-life in uro-oncologic patients: what should we wait for? date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2435 sentences = 119 flesch = 49 summary = From the 1 st March to the 26 th April 2020 as the daily rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units has consistently been between 9% and 11% of all patients who are actively infected, our hospital decided to reduce surgical activity and since then only 3 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies (RARPs) for high-risk prostate cancer were performed at our department. In this study, we focused for the first time in literature on the impact of postponement of surgeries due to COVID-19 emergency on the on health-related quality-of-life of uro-oncologic patients by using the SF-36 questionnaire. Actually, basing on the data concerning the incidence of urologic tumors, it could be hypothesized a further extension in Italy of the waiting list for cancer diseases, which could be subsequently associated to increased risk of psychologic disorders and decrements in health status in the oncological patients. cache = ./cache/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271404-tu8u1b1d author = Gaunkar, Ridhima B title = COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3088 sentences = 154 flesch = 49 summary = Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is of particular concern in countries in South Asia with high population densities, as it facilitates exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within or between communities by the act of public spitting. SLT-induced higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors along with the presence of furin in the oral mucosa and dysfunctional immune responses among SLT habitués increase viral dissemination and an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19. There has not been much research on the increased risk of contracting COVID-19 for smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, although the use of these products is widely prevalent in South Asia and the Western Pacific region. The known action of the enzyme furin and the nicotine-induced increased expression of the ACE2 receptor result in COVID-19 viral tropism to the oral mucosal tissues in smokeless tobacco habitués [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271295-24rn45rf author = Shoja, Esmail title = Covid-19 effects on the workload of Iranian healthcare workers date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3240 sentences = 189 flesch = 57 summary = BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the workload and mental health of Iranian medical staff using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and NASA -Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) Questionnaire between March and April 2020, respectively. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the workload and mental health of Iranian medical staff using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and NASA-TLX Questionnaire between March and April 2020, respectively. This questionnaire included the subjects' sociodemographic information such as age, marital status, sex, job title, shift working (fixed morning, fixed evening, fixed night or rotational), type of employment (contractual or permanent), over times per month (hrs.), duration of employment (in years), educational level (diploma, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and higher), Governmental workplace (yes or no), having contact with COVID-19 patients at workplace (yes or no), interest in job (yes or no), the increased working hours due to COVID-19 prevalence (yes or no), ward of work (ICU, operating room, laboratory, emergency, radiology, nursing station, COVID-19 service center, or others). cache = ./cache/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271575-n70rqs8c author = Jager, Kitty J. title = Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe. date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3034 sentences = 162 flesch = 51 summary = Under normal circumstances, age-standardized cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality rates in dialysis patients are already 8.8 and 8.1 times higher than in the general population, respectively, 4 and compared to their age and sex matched counterparts in the general population, kidney transplant recipients experience a 30-50% reduced life expectancy. 7 Although no deaths were reported among 5 COVID-19 cases on hemodialysis in a single Chinese centre, 8 several case series from Italy (n=41, n=94), 9, 10 Spain (n=36) 11 and the United States (n=59) 12 with varying follow-up suggest a high mortality in the dialysis population with rates ranging from 29% to 41%. Supplementary Figure 1 shows that the mortality risk in transplant recipients with COVID-19 was 28% higher (HR 1.28 (95%CI 1.02 to 1.60)) compared with the selected group of dialysis patients that could be matched (Table S4) . Multivariable analyses identified higher age and male sex as risk factors for 28-day mortality in COVID-19 dialysis patients (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271469-lozvq3y6 author = Shaikh, Faiq title = Current landscape of Imaging and the potential role for Artificial intelligence in the management of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3042 sentences = 171 flesch = 42 summary = The clinical presentation of COVID-19 COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory tract infection caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Currently, the imaging features related to the neurologic complications of the virus are consistent with stroke related to large vessel occlusion and encephalopathy (Fig. 5) with reported leptomeningeal enhancement and cranial nerve palsies [25, 26] , which in the vast majority are seen in subjects with severe alternate manifestations of Covid-19 infection [27, 28] . Given that it has been shown to be useful for imaging lung infections, such as tuberculosis and atypical pneumonia [33] , its potential role in COVID19 management, albeit small may be extrapolated (Fig. 6) . Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response Severity assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using quantitative features from chest CT images cache = ./cache/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271425-ysdw31nq author = Carson, R. T. title = COVID-19's U.S. Temperature Response Profile date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13174 sentences = 696 flesch = 52 summary = By largely replacing the death counts states report daily, with counts based on death certificate date, we build a week-ahead statistical forecasting model that explains most of the daily variation (R-square = 0.97) and isolates the COVID-19 temperature response profile (p < 0.001). We investigate (Table S6 ) the sensitivity of our results to range of alternative specifications (e.g., different infection pool indicators, different temperature scaling functions, adding absolute humidity, relative humidity, ultraviolet radiation, the inclusion of shelter-in-place/reopening orders, lagged cumulative death counts, and use of the CTP death counts) and provide further discussion of modelling issues in the Supplementary Information (SI) section on Modeling Approach. The SI section on Alternative Specifications for Base Death Count Model describes additional analyses that (a) look at alternative temperature scaling functions, (b) substitute DailyDeadit-14 or NewPositivesit-7 for DailyDeadit-7, and (c) add the dates of state actions such as shelter-in-place orders as control variables. cache = ./cache/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271337-2ioap802 author = Tang, Xiao title = Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1 date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3637 sentences = 210 flesch = 51 summary = Research question The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS. The aim of the current study therefore was to compare the different clinical presentations between ARDS patients infected with COVID-19 vs those infected with H1N1 to provide some guidance for their differential diagnoses. The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and H1N1 pneumonia in patients with ARDS. The H1N1 pneumonia cases were from a single-center prospective cohort study 10 of patients with H1N1-induced ARDS at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital (China). The data included the following: demographic characteristics (age and sex), underlying diseases, comorbidities, clinical symptoms (fever, cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest pain, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache) , signs (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and BP), laboratory tests (blood routine test, arterial blood gas analysis, and blood chemistry), and microbiologic findings/images of the lung (chest CT scan). cache = ./cache/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271528-ob4l0bcf author = Bar-Zeev, Naor title = COVID-19 vaccines: early success and remaining challenges date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1498 sentences = 87 flesch = 51 summary = In The Lancet, Denis Y Logunov and colleagues from the N F Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia present findings from two phase 1/2, non-randomised, open-label studies of a heterologous, replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccine in both frozen and lyophilised formulations. In Logunov and colleagues' studies, however, the threshold for neutralisation was set high in two regards: the inoculating viral dose was large, and no arising cellular damage was allowable. Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open-label, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author = Zheng, Lei title = Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5589 sentences = 282 flesch = 43 summary = According to the literature, high perceived control increases the psychological distance from a negative target (Han et al., 2018) , which may in turn help individuals in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and further lead to high levels of perceived general health and life satisfaction. Next, the results of the mediation model showed that regional pandemic severity had a negative effect on the psychological distance from COVID-19 (B = À0.54, SE = 0.12, p < .001), which subsequently led to low levels of perceived general health (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < .001) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, SE = 0.02, p < .001). In particular, the regional pandemic severity adversely affects psychological distance when people have low perceived control, which in turn can lead to low levels of both life satisfaction and perceived general health. cache = ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271483-33kuvpl7 author = Shojaei, Amirahmad title = COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3184 sentences = 153 flesch = 42 summary = Based on USFDA regulation, investigational use of off-label medications helps the development of their safety and efficacy which needs to be used in the context of a clinical study protocol [18] . Likewise, we would like to define pseudo-research as using off-label medications in clinical practice without obtaining the patient's informed consent, and finally publishing the results of drug efficacy as a research article. To do this, the national and international regulatory bodies such as USFDA, and EU, as well as the national ones such as the National Committee of Ethics in Biomedical Research of Iran, should step out of their routine and codify a range of guidelines to address therapeutic and/or investigational use of off-label medications by highlighting the safety concerns of the off-label uses as well as respecting patients autonomy especially in critical situations such as the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the physicians should be careful that the information about the efficacy and safety of off-label medication in clinical practice should not be published as a research article. cache = ./cache/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author = Skali, Hicham title = Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3726 sentences = 206 flesch = 42 summary = title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI • For SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging studies in inpatients who are not eligible for stress only testing, consider performing the rest injection in the patient's inpatient room, to avoid completely or minimize waiting time in the laboratory. The nuclear cardiology laboratory's protocols and patient scheduling templates will need to be closely monitored and refined multiple times over the coming months as the COVID-19 pandemic slowly recedes, with potential for local or widespread waves of new COVID-19 infections. • Providers and institutions should monitor local data and follow national, state, and department of public health recommendations for possible second COVID-19 waves that may require decreasing nuclear cardiology laboratory activities and enhanced protective measures. cache = ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271764-um001ffd author = Garraud, Olivier title = Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma against COVID-19? What about the evidence base and clinical trials? date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1306 sentences = 70 flesch = 46 summary = It is obvious that ethically sound, quality reviewed, well conducted clinical trials are essential to situate convalescent plasma therapy among the therapeutic arsenal to treat SARS-Cov-2 infection. Indeed, since the discovery of numerous thrombotic complications among the severe presentations of COVID-19 [18] [19] [20] , it cannot be excluded that normal plasma factors resolve the DIC-like symptomatology or counteract the effects of lupus-like antibodies, or sooth the blood vessel endothelium if the disease associates to endotheliopathy (as was seen relative to Ebola-virus infection and convalescent plasma therapy [21] ). Further, what about the ethics of transfusing supposedly large volumes of non-specific plasma as a control to a person in danger of developing severe complications of SARS-Cov-2? Clinical trials to evaluate the quality, the efficacy and the safety of convalescent plasma therapy as soon as possible after the onset of an epidemic threat would be mostly valuable. cache = ./cache/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271810-7uzk4pi9 author = Soriano, Joan B. title = Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1946 sentences = 100 flesch = 65 summary = To date, I have seen residents choosing to stay longer after finishing a 24-h duty to try and save one more critically ill patient; auxiliary nurses improvising aprons and boots with trash bags, who, on finally receiving their space suits, posed for posterity like a football team, always with a ready smile (Fig. 1) ; residents in Neurology, Immunology or Pathology becoming Chest Medicine residents; medical students volunteering to learn the practicalities of lung mechanics and gas exchange; a Department Head creating a blog aimed at praising individuals for outstanding bravery and commitment; or I have been privileged to lead a small Think Tank including nurses, doctors, physicists, engineers and other friends who from Saturday March 14 have met on a daily basis to brainstorm initiatives by videoconference at 7 am, just before seeing patients or awakening their families. cache = ./cache/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author = Bailey, Stacy Cooper title = Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4054 sentences = 204 flesch = 54 summary = KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. Our first longitudinal assessment of the C3 study revealed that participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and had a greater sense of preparedness from the onset to the acceleration phase of the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271432-pn02p843 author = Banerjee, Tannista title = U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3743 sentences = 223 flesch = 64 summary = That is, social distancing in this study was measured by what proportion of a county's population is staying home completely; how much time they were spending indoors, versus outdoors, in public spaces like working full-time, which is critical for this analysis. To analyze the effect of these social distancing measures on COVID-19 cases and how this effect is working on the treatment counties comparing to the control counties, we estimated the following difference-in-difference (DID) model: Column 1 of Table 2 shows that after controlling for county, state, time and county-time fixed effects, counties where NPIs were enacted, full time work and distance-travelled-from-home increased the COVID-19 cases by 54% (p-value 0.001) and 13% (p-value 0.001), respectively. After 15 days of enactment of the NPIs, the effects of full time work and distance travelled from home on COVID-19 infection increased to 84% and 25% (compared to 54% and 13% immediate effects). cache = ./cache/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271840-cw2xy1m6 author = Majmundar, Neil title = Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Acute Ischemic Stroke date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1224 sentences = 74 flesch = 51 summary = 4 reported 5 patients positive for COVID-19 in a New York City hospital system who presented with strokes secondary to largevessel occlusions (LVOs) over a 2-week period despite very few or no risk factors for stroke. Due to the high rates of nosocomial transmission as well as the potential for overwhelming hospital resources, stroke centers across the world implemented new protocols for the triaging of patients with stroke, particularly those with LVOs requiring MT. 8 A recent study from a single center in New Jersey, one of the most heavily COVID-impacted states in the country, corroborated the decrease in overall stroke volume but also found a greater proportion of patients with stroke presenting with LVOs during the COVID-19 period. Although the overall incidence of AIS in COVID-19 is not clear, there is emerging evidence that the rate of LVOs is increased in patients with COVID-19 who may not have the typical stroke risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271504-t3y1w9ef author = Luo, Zichao title = Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14361 sentences = 795 flesch = 42 summary = A confirmed case should have at least one of the following criteria: (i) a positive result for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, using real-time PCR tests from respiratory or blood samples; (ii) a high homogeneity between viral gene sequencing from respiratory or blood samples and known 2019-nCoV; and (iii) serum samples positive for IgM or IgG to 2019-nCoV, or seroconversion in IgG, or a fourfold or more significant increase in IgG antibody titer to 2019-nCoV in the recovery phase than in the acute phase [25] . Using blood samples taken from alleged COVID-19 patients, the researchers detected antibodies targeting the spike protein that prevented the virus from killing cells in laboratory tests. showed a promising in vitro inhibitory effect of this serine protease inhibitor in SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV on human lung cells, showing potential as a viable option for COVID-19 treatment [113] . Given that antiviral drugs have previously demonstrated reasonable inhibition of coronaviruses and therapeutic efficacy against coronavirus outbreaks, umifenovir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin have been recommended in the latest guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, updated on 17 February 2020 [189] . cache = ./cache/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271813-nroflfmc author = Deng, Wang title = Positive results for patients with COVID-19 discharged form hospital in Chongqing, China date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2423 sentences = 145 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: In the study, 576 patients with COVID-19 discharged from hospital in Chongqing, China from January 24, 2020, to March 10, 2020 were evaluated by viral nucleic acid tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) to determine if they could be released from quarantine. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-site screening of SARS-CoV-2 including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, stool and sputum specimens could be considered to improve the diagnosis, treatment and infection control in patients with COVID-19. Among them, 61 patients had positive results of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, which provided the important information and clinical evidence for the improved management of patients recovered from COVID-19. The study revealed the clinical features of recovered patients with the recurrence of positive results of SARS-CoV-2.Multi-site screening including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, stool and sputum specimens could be considered to improve the diagnosis, treatment and infection control in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271814-a2vlkwce author = Brough, Helen A. title = Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2929 sentences = 172 flesch = 46 summary = In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID‐19. allergy, asthma, biologics, children, coronavirus, corticosteroids, COVID-19, immunodeficiency, SARS-CoV-2, treatment clinically diagnosed, but not virologically confirmed. The care of children with allergies or immune conditions is being adapted to the current situation, with more remote working and providing guidance to children to reduce likelihood of infection in children who would be deemed at higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Evaluating asthma and allergy more specifically as potential risk factors, a retrospective study based on electronic medical records from 140 hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients investigated pre-existing asthma or allergic diseases. As a joint project, questionThe current COVID-19 pandemic might also pose a risk to pediatric patients with secondary immunodeficiencies, such as patients on immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune or severe allergic diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271653-4q2olzx1 author = Libby, Peter title = The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander? date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1590 sentences = 84 flesch = 37 summary = Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. cache = ./cache/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271698-n9qd14oe author = Dy, Louie Florendo title = A COVID-19 infection risk model for frontline health care workers date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3841 sentences = 185 flesch = 56 summary = In this study, we formulate a theoretical model to calculate the risk of being infected in health care facilities considering the following factors: the average number of encounters with a suspected COVID-19 patient per hour; interaction time for each encounter; work shift duration or exposure time; crowd density, which may depend on the amount of space available in a given location; and availability and effectiveness of protective gears and facilities provided for the frontline health care workers. cache = ./cache/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271781-cfv0ta10 author = Patel, Kishan P. title = Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4469 sentences = 232 flesch = 47 summary = To date, many studies have discussed that the rationale behind its transmission potential is that viral RNA has unexpectedly been detected in multiple bodily fluids, with some samples having remained positive for extended periods of time. In this evidence-based comprehensive review, we discuss various potential routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2—respiratory/droplet, indirect, fecal-oral, vertical, sexual, and ocular. Additionally, studies have noted that its fecal-oral transmission potential may lie in the fact that prolonged viral shedding can occur in fecal matter-one case reported an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient experiencing viral detection in the stool for up to 42 days, while nasopharyngeal sampling was negative [31] . To oppose, in a retrospective review of nine COVID-19 pregnant mothers who underwent cesarean section, six patients had samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all were negative [43] . cache = ./cache/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272071-445ivhx0 author = Wunsch, Hannah title = Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2632 sentences = 124 flesch = 47 summary = What we are seeing in the current publications on COVID-19 are different rates of invasive mechanical ventilation across the world that have always existed, but these differences are now writ large because it is a particularly high-stakes game of worldwide data interpretation and a desperation to learn as much as possible from the experiences of others. This variability in preferences is intertwined with resources and always will be a huge factor in understanding the data coming out of different countries; for example, in 2008, Gray and colleagues published a large randomized controlled trial comparing noninvasive ventilation to conventional oxygen therapy for patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Similarly, information on care preferences, such as how many patients preferred not to receive mechanical ventilation (because of age, comorbidity, or other personal preference) would aid in interpreting data, such as when reporting that only 20.2% of those who died with COVID-19 received this intervention (12) . cache = ./cache/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271855-k8zlptas author = Davis, Corey S. title = Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic - and Beyond date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1586 sentences = 82 flesch = 51 summary = In an attempt to reduce preventable harm to individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), federal, state, and local governments have temporarily modified law and policy to increase access to OUD treatment and divert some individuals at high risk away from the correctional system. In this Commentary, we briefly describe how people with OUD are at increased risk for COVID-19, discuss existing policy barriers to evidence-based prevention and treatment for individuals with OUD, explain the temporary rollbacks of those barriers, and argue that these changes should be made permanent. 3 Opioid agonist medications for OUD, methadone and buprenorphine, reduce all-cause mortality by as much as fifty percent and are associated with positive changes in a number of other outcomes including reductions in overdose, resumed use, and HIV infections. 5 Finally, the provision of sterile syringes dramatically reduces the risk of bloodborne disease transmission related to sharing syringes for intravenous opioid use, and syringe services programs effectively link individuals with OUD to evidence-based treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271887-blwrpf38 author = Sampa, Masuda Begum title = Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5654 sentences = 271 flesch = 47 summary = Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271870-8v9w3sps author = Lee, David title = Testing on the Move South Korea’s rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4567 sentences = 221 flesch = 54 summary = Mobile applications from both government agencies and private developers played an important role in guiding people to testing centers, communicating movement trajectories of confirmed cases on digital maps, and tracking the health and movements of travelers and others at risk of exposure. In this paper, we briefly outline the progression of the outbreak within South Korea, local government implementation of low-contact testing to safely and efficiently detect its spread, and nationwide contact tracing and dissemination of individual movement patterns to identify and inform the exposed members of the public. In this article, we reported on the circumstances of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea, its implementation of low-contact testing to scale up diagnostics and reduce health care worker exposure, and how mobile apps and online mapping helped to track its spread and alert the public of their risk of exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271930-9a18h2tr author = Licari, Amelia title = Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1177 sentences = 83 flesch = 47 summary = The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initially proposed that patients with chronic lung diseases, including moderate-severe asthma, and allergy may have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 than otherwise healthy people (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/asthma.html). Allergic children had a significantly higher (P < .0001) eosinophil count than COVID-19 patients. However, it has been recently commented that chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD and asthma, seem to be underrepresented in the comorbidities of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, children and adolescents with allergy and asthma should be adequately managed during this COVID-19 pandemic, also considering the restrictive rules released by governmental authorities that impose a strict limitation on movements. 10 In summary, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the lack of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines currently require additional medical efforts to prevent COVID-19 and mostly protect patients with chronic diseases. Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2 Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271853-wexe9gq0 author = Lu, Quan title = Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8434 sentences = 338 flesch = 40 summary = The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund. cache = ./cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271896-1ad18z11 author = Janowitz, Tobias title = Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3627 sentences = 202 flesch = 47 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Based on a national institute of health (nih)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient experience of cOViD-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. Based on a national institute of health (nih)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient experience of cOViD-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with cOViD-19. cache = ./cache/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271867-n563yqw4 author = Falicov, Celia title = Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8994 sentences = 434 flesch = 50 summary = We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. During Covid-19, the SRFC physicians, pharmacy team, medical students, staff, volunteers, mental health team, social workers, and promotoras (experienced community members who are core staff and act as "trust bridges" to the community (Beck, 2005) ) have come together to continue to provide health, mental health care and emotional support through telemedicine and delivery of medications and food to patients' homes. Relying on our learnings about providing services to under resourced families and communities in regular times, during the Covid-19 pandemic we expand the limits of what appears possible in a variety of new ways. cache = ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271871-8grkln6o author = Singer, J. S. title = Low Prevalence (0.13%) of COVID-19 Infection in Asymptomatic Pre-operative/Pre-procedure Patients at a Large Academic Medical Center Informs Approaches to Perioperative Care date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2842 sentences = 158 flesch = 43 summary = Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced performance of elective surgeries and procedures at medical centers across the U.S. Awareness of the prevalence of asymptomatic disease is critical for guiding safe approaches to operative/procedural services. Conclusions These data demonstrating low levels (0.13% prevalence) of COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic population of patients undergoing scheduled surgeries/procedures in a large urban area have helped to inform perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data demonstrating low levels (0.13% prevalence) of COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic 117 population of patients undergoing scheduled surgeries/procedures in a large urban area have helped to 118 inform perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a large urban referral center, we adopted the CDC and ACS recommendations early in the pandemic, 327 suspending elective surgical and interventional procedures, and later relaxing those suspensions while 328 balancing local/regional COVID-19 epidemiology, data regarding our pre-operative/pre-procedure 329 testing results, and health system resources and priorities. cache = ./cache/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271980-8x5g8r7c author = Yao, Ye title = Ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution and spread ability of COVID-19 in Chinese cities date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3478 sentences = 172 flesch = 50 summary = When examining the correlation between NO 2 and R 0 of COVID-19, we estimated the associations of NO 2 concentration with R 0 both inside and outside Hubei province (r & p) in the same period by using multiple linear regression models after controlling for temperature and relative humidity (as covariates in the regression model) separately. We also examined the corresponding temporal associations between NO 2 and R 0 of COVID-19 across the different cities inside and outside Hubei Province using multiple linear regression models after controlling for temperature and relative humidity separately. The cross-sectional analysis indicates that, after adjustment for temperature and relative humidity, R 0 was positively associated with NO 2 concentration at city level (meta χ 2 =10.18, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f p=0.037) (Figure 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271920-1dzkgt6w author = Carpenter, Christopher R. title = Diagnosing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Exam, Labs, Imaging Accuracy and Biases date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7248 sentences = 523 flesch = 48 summary = 3 As waves of COVID-19 patients present to ED's in coming months with symptoms or potential exposures, understanding the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of history, physical exam, routine labs, advanced imaging, and an evolving array of COVID-19 diagnostics will be essential knowledge to inform the timing of testing, optimal specimen and test selection, shared decision-making, and ultimately derivation of clinical instruments to guide disposition, follow-up, and shared The search strategy used a combination of standardized terms and key words, including but not limited to (Covid-19 OR Novel Coronavirus OR SARS-COV-2) AND (diagnosis OR polymerase chain reaction OR serology OR CRISPR-CAS OR sensitivity/specificity) (Appendix). 40,42 It is known, however, that false negatives are frequent, so current recommendations advise incorporating patient's exposure risk, clinical signs and symptoms, routine lab and imaging findings, serology, and (when available) CT results into real-time determination of COVID-19 status. cache = ./cache/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272054-9udb4djk author = Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram title = Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2284 sentences = 131 flesch = 44 summary = Myocardial strain measurement by speckle-tracking echocardiography, which can measure LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), RV free wall strain (RVFWS) and RV global strain (RVGS), plays a diagnostic and prognostic clinical role in several cardiac diseases and provides objective quantification of biventricular myocardial deformation and dynamics [11] [12] [13] . From 103 clinically appropriate TTEs performed on hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 12 (12%) were of adequate quality for biventricular speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis and were included in this single-center, retrospective study. We report firstly that, while we were able to measure biventricular mechanics in only 12% of all TTEs performed in our hospital for COVID-19 patients, both RVGS and RVFWS were significantly decreased in patients with poor outcomes; and secondly that LVGLS was severely decreased in all patients regardless of their outcome (either survival to discharge or death) and/or requirement for endotracheal intubation. cache = ./cache/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271906-2nm55024 author = Quincho-Lopez, Alvaro title = Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 133 flesch = 46 summary = title: Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review We performed a literature review of COVID-19 pneumonia cases that developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or both. 3, 4 Herein, we report two cases of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, who developed pneumomediastinum, and one of them also presented pneumothorax. 14 Table 1 presents a summary of case reports of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who presented pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or both. In conclusion, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are possible complications of COVID-19 pneumonia, causing acute decompensation that can worsen the prognosis of patients, especially those with underlying lung diseases. Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report Secondary tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 pneumonia patient: a case report Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and the possible underlying mechanism Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a probable unusual complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272200-wkifto2o author = Rubin, G James title = Improving adherence to ‘test, trace and isolate’ date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1796 sentences = 102 flesch = 58 summary = Unless people are convinced that they will be fully and quickly recompensed for any financial cost and that their use of the test, trace and isolate system is both expected and respected by their community, then, particularly where symptoms are mild, it may be tempting for some to accept their first assumption that their symptoms are probably unrelated to COVID-19. Reducing the costs associated with use of the service will be essential to improving its uptake; this could include an early release from isolation if a negative test result is obtained. Ensuring that a test, trace and isolate system links people up with community support mechanisms may help promote adherence. When the period of isolation is over, people who have tested positive will need to be warned that we still do not know if people can develop COVID-19 more than once and that they must still be careful to avoid spreading infection. cache = ./cache/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271889-qlmp0qul author = Bhat, Roopa title = Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2295 sentences = 141 flesch = 49 summary = 4 Common clinical symptoms of patients infected with COVID-19, include fever, fatigue, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and diarrhea. This case series aims to outline the clinical features, illustrates the most common reported imaging findings of COVID-19 infection, and demonstrates different management plans used. Twenty-five-year-old male without history of recent travel presented to the emergency department (ED) with 4 days of fever, sore throat and dry cough, runny nose, and mild shortness of breath (SOB). Initial CXR showed patchy peripheral airspace opacities in the bilateral middle and lower lungs, concerning for multifocal infection (Fig 2A) . The patient was discharged on doxycycline, with recommendations to self-quarantine for 14 CXR showed worsening of bilateral peripheral patchy pulmonary opacities (Fig 2 B) . Fifty-six-year-old male health care worker recently tested positive for COVID-19 presented to the ED with worsening cough, fever, SOB, rhinorrhea, nausea, and vomiting. cache = ./cache/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272137-enfxk1ku author = Choo, Esther K title = COVID-19 fault lines date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 856 sentences = 61 flesch = 69 summary = Within any hospital's emergency room, the fault lines of society are barely concealed. No one would think to provide the luxury of sufficient space and staff to, say, enable the kind of social distancing space between occupants that is recommended in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The city of Las Vegas infamously turned a parking lot into a sleeping area after a homeless shelter closed due to a case of COVID-19, marking squares on the bare ground to enforce social distancing. But in other places, hospitals are admitting stable patients with COVID-19 to avoid discharging them to the street, or hotel rooms and trailers have materialised as extra shelter. Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA chooe@ohsu.edu @choo_ek The Penumbra COVID-19 fault lines Interim guidance for homeless service providers to plan and respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271944-oxtus5vb author = Joseph, Rudman title = Seizure And COVID-19: Association and Review of Potential Mechanism date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2360 sentences = 166 flesch = 48 summary = Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, this highly transmissible virus has since spread rapidly around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a novel coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID19) , a disease that can present with a variety of symptoms [1] . The most common symptoms at the onset of COVID-19 illness are fever, cough, and fatigue; in severe cases, patients may develop severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and organ failure [4] . This article presents a review of the current literature on seizures linked with SARS-COV 2 infection and describes possible underlying mechanisms. describes the demographic data, time to onset of neurological symptoms, diagnostic criteria, intervention, and outcomes from 11 studies of seizures associated with SARS-COV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272270-cfpd45qf author = Li, H. title = Utah-Stanford Ventilator (Vent4US): Developing a rapidlyscalable ventilator for COVID-19 patients with ARDS date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3116 sentences = 226 flesch = 53 summary = Many of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU present with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the clinical management of which involves intubation and mechanical ventilation which can last two weeks. Furthermore, many low-capacity healthcare settings across the world are projected to face extreme shortages of ventilators and ICU beds for COVID-19 patients: recent reports found that the Central African Republic (pop. Next steps include implementing and testing pressure control and pressure support with linear actuator-driven proportional pinch valves, more in-depth characterization of the system in terms of the parameter space that it can operate in, and completing the system with other components which remain to be integrated (Supplementary Figure S2 ). a. Interface to ISO 5359:2014 and/or ISO 18082:2014-standard connectors to externally-provided medical air and O2 sources supplied through wall flow limiters outputting at a total flow rate between 20 -25 L/min and pressures of up to 65 psi. cache = ./cache/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272154-nrm9ulj5 author = Gupta, Ravi title = Guidelines of the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) for Practice of Sleep Medicine during COVID-19 date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5690 sentences = 354 flesch = 54 summary = Under these circumstances, the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) created a task force to develop guidelines for the practice of sleep medicine, not only for the Indian environment but also for other countries that are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As sleep services resume operations, there is a need to find innovative ways to reduce contact with COVID-19 patients, follow personal protection guidelines, as well as social distancing. Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) created a task force to develop guidelines for the practice of sleep medicine that are applicable not only to India but also to other countries that are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Various levels of sleep studies, telemedicine, and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy are the major aspects, given emphasis by the task force group of ISSR in these guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271957-osaycpe8 author = Zuin, Marco title = Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1196 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Also other recent investigations have reported a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a direct association between the severity of COVID-19 infection [2] . However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous meta-analyses have globally estimated the risk of death in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection. We therefore perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of death in COVID-19 infection patients with and without HT. The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Supplementary file 1) [3] . Our brief meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 infection and HT have a significant high mortality risk. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and metaanalysis cache = ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272310-imvxrroc author = Nyholm, Silvia title = Invasive mechanical ventilation in a former preterm infant with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 707 sentences = 50 flesch = 56 summary = The consensus to date is that most infants and children only have mild COVID-19 symptoms and few require intensive care. The consensus to date is that most infants and children only have mild COVID-19 symptoms and few require intensive care. The girl only had mild respiratory symptoms and stayed 24 hours at the paediatric ward and was then cared for at home, but the boy required intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. The girl only had mild respiratory symptoms and stayed 24 hours at the paediatric ward and was then cared for at home, but the boy required intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. The twins, of African descent, were delivered by Caesarean section at a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 30 weeks, as the mother had pre-eclampsia and the male twin was showing intrauterine growth restriction. The take home message is that even infants can get severe COVID-19 that may require intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. cache = ./cache/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272112-egsha2j7 author = Tartarone, Alfredo title = COVID-19 and cancer care: what do international guidelines say? date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 111 flesch = 43 summary = The recently published Italian recommendations advise to evaluate case by case the possibility of postponing a treatment, considering the biological aspects of cancer, the clinical characteristics of the patient and the potential health risks for COVID-19 infection [9] . According to French guidelines, clinical management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic should be based on the following priority order: curative or non-curative intent of the treatment, age, life expectancy, time since diagnosis and symptoms [11] . TERAVOLT data confirmed a high mortality rate among patients with lung cancer who develop COVID-19; in both studies similar independent factors were associated with increased mortality, which included older age, number of comorbidities, poor performance status, active cancer and administration of chemotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments at the time of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272015-1anph6qi author = Dauby, Nicolas title = The unfinished story of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: the right anti-inflammatory dose at the right moment? date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 959 sentences = 65 flesch = 43 summary = The observation by Lammers et al (Lammers et al.) that early HCQ treatment after admission at low dosage (2400 mg in total) is associated with lower risk of admission in intensive care unit coincides with large observational studies showing a lower mortality rate in patients exposed to HCQ therapy compared to no or other treatment. Another recent large cohort study of patients on low-dose HCQ for inflammatory disorders reported an association between chronic HCQ use and reduced mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Gentry et al. The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients Low-dose hydroxychloroquine therapy and mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a nationwide observational study of 8075 participants Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study Longterm hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272303-6s0qr4e6 author = Kriaucioniene, Vilma title = Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3177 sentences = 195 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quarantine on dietary, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits of Lithuanians and the association between health behaviours and weight changes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher odds of weight gain were associated with females, older age, increased consumption of sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fried food, eating more than usual, increased snacking, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Univariate and Nutrients 2020, 12, 3119 3 of 9 multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between weight gain during COVID-19 quarantine (dependent variable) and social factors, nutrition, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the association of weight gain with increased intake of carbonated or sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fast food, increased snacking, eating more than usual, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption remained statistically significant. cache = ./cache/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272427-jqs00ilp author = Li, Yu-xuan title = The impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective study date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2656 sentences = 166 flesch = 50 summary = After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. Based on our experiences during the pandemic period, we propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients. We aimed to compare the differences in demographics, baseline characteristics, clinicopathological features, and health economics between the two groups to investigate the feasibility of gastric surgery during the pandemic of COVID-19. These data included patient demographics and baseline characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, comorbidity, clinical TNM classification, pathological TNM classification, hemoglobin, CEA, CA199, AFP, CA724), origin of patients (from local district or other provinces), operative method (open surgery or laparoscopic surgery), operating time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, postoperative fever, waiting time before admission, length of postoperative hospital stay, hospital costs etc. Length of postoperative hospital stay was defined as the period from the time when patient had undergone surgery to discharge. In conclusion, there are no studies on the impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272295-9sonr8or author = Lechien, Jerome R. title = Objective Olfactory Findings in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1691 sentences = 116 flesch = 50 summary = Objective: We investigate the prevalence of the self-reported and objective sudden loss of smell (SLS) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential associations between olfactory evaluation and the clinical outcomes (duration of hospitalization; admission biology; one month serology (IgG), and chest computed tomography findings) were studied. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of self-reported and objective SLS in severe COVID-19 patients. Irrespective of the method used to evaluate the prevalence of SLS (patient-reported outcome questionnaire versus objective tests), these data indicate that SLS could be more prevalent in mild-to-moderate forms of the infection. According to a previous study conducted in the same population and with the same methods, self-reported SLS concerned more than 70% of mild COVID-19 patients, and among them, sixty-two percent had abnormal objective evaluations [3] . Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272067-241tx1v7 author = González-Blanco, Leticia title = COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls? date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4203 sentences = 195 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). Considering all potential confounders, the multiple linear regression model (R 2 = 0.580, F = 41.027, p < 0.001) detected being single (beta = 0.144, t = 2.291, p = 0.024), having symptoms of COVID-19 (beta = 0.146, t = 2.395, p = 0.018), and higher scores on the DASS-21 stress subscale (beta = 0.538, t = 7.635, p < 0.001) as risk factors for anxiety response in people with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 11 SMD; whereas a protective effect was associated with being able to enjoy free time (beta = -0.244, t = -3.692, p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly examine the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, stress, intrusive and avoidant responses) of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions on patients with severe mental disorders (bipolar and psychotic disorders) in Spain. cache = ./cache/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272195-c4xypzdx author = Alahmad, Barrak title = COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3281 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al. cache = ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272128-93tmtji8 author = Becher, Yael title = D-dimer and C-reactive Protein Blood Levels Over Time Used to Predict Pulmonary Embolism in Two COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1105 sentences = 58 flesch = 54 summary = The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases. We present two COVID-19 patients in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected (and diagnosed) due to a discrepancy between an increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time. An increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. The diagnosis of PE is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases [2, 3] . Herein, we present two COVID-19 patients in whom PE was predicted by a novel method based on measuring D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels over time. cache = ./cache/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272219-w4lyryr7 author = Chate, Rodrigo Caruso title = Presentation of pulmonary infection on CT in COVID-19: initial experience in Brazil date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2050 sentences = 103 flesch = 48 summary = In this initial experience in Brazil, involving the first 12 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (based on RT-PCR results) who underwent chest CT at our facility, the following CT features were observed: ground-glass opacities, in 12 patients (100%); crazypaving pattern, in 7 (58%); alveolar consolidation, in 4 (33%); reversed halo sign, in 1 (8%); and pleural effusion, in 1 (8%). Axial images (in A to C) and coronal reconstructions (in D) of chest CT scans of a 44-year-old man with clinical findings suggestive of COVID-19 (fever, sore throat, and frequent dry cough), demonstrating the most commonly described pattern: numerous bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities, associated with fine reticulation and interlobular septal thickening (crazy-paving pattern), involving various lung lobes and being predominantly peripheral in distribution in the parenchyma and a little more extensive in the posterior regions of the lower lobes. cache = ./cache/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272419-y3ebt4jm author = Monari, Caterina title = A Focus on the Nowadays Potential Antiviral Strategies in Early Phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Narrative Review date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6476 sentences = 318 flesch = 46 summary = Possible inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrisyn-like (3CL)-protease and papain-like protease Lopinavir is excreted in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and thus coronavirus-infected enterocytes might be exposed to higher concentrations of the drug LPV/r tab 200/50 mg: 2 tab BID LPV/r oral sol 80/20 mg: 5 mL BID DRV/cobi tab 800/150 mg: 1 tab QD Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased amylase, lipase, total cholesterol and triglycerides (risk factor for pancreatitis) Hepatotoxicity: increasing in GGT, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, hepatitis Cardiological: QT-and PR-interval prolongation, hypertension, bradyarrhytmias; torsade de pointes have been reported in patients treated with LPV/r Metabolical: hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, increased uric acid Recently, a randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing the efficacy of LPV/r versus standard of care was conducted in 199 hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19: no significant difference between the two groups neither in the time of clinical improvement (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31; 95% CI 0.95-1.80; p 0.09), nor in the 28-day mortality rate (19.2% versus 25.0%; 95% CI −17.3 to 5.7) was observed [40] . cache = ./cache/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272178-g1mfkrz2 author = Akoluk, Arda title = Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1262 sentences = 72 flesch = 38 summary = CASE PRESENTATION: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS, and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. 3, 4 We present the first case in the literature of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. Confirmatory chest CT angiogram (CTA) revealed a saddle Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA 2 Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine PE, dense bilateral interlobar arterial clot burden with diffuse segmental/subsegmental extension (Figures 1a-1b) . To our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive PE treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS, and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. cache = ./cache/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author = De Lorenzo, Antonino title = Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3720 sentences = 210 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Obesity, measured as body mass index (BMI), is reported to associate with increase the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 [1] . Indeed, the risk correlated to obesity with COVID-19 severity is greater in metabolic associated fatty liver patients [2] . Aim of this prospective observational study, in patients admitted to ICU for COVID-19, is to evaluate the relationship between FM% and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in ICU. Rather than considering only the BMI, patients recruited in this study were categorized in two sets: "lean" or "obese" according to FM% and age, based on criteria presented by De Lorenzo [15] . Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease cache = ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272300-ck301hcu author = Chahrour, Mohamad title = A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2353 sentences = 139 flesch = 52 summary = Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Methods: We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options. Reports from countries with big numbers of confirmed cases would delineate risk factors, clinical features as well as treatment strategies for patients with COVID-19 [12] . The publication type was identified and only original articles and case reports were included in our study. This information begins with early-outbreak case reports and observational studies, where the basic characteristics of the novel disease are documented, and hence, awareness can be raised [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272314-6suu8n75 author = Hetland, Breanna title = 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 61 flesch = 40 summary = As experienced critical care nurse scientists conducting research studies in these dynamic settings, we provide our perspectives on the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the ICU and highlight implications for nursing practice and research. Specifically, this editorial addresses the: 1) need for agile, rapid innovation and implementation strategies; 2) importance of research policies that ensure continuation of scientific discovery and dissemination amidst crises; and, 3) necessity to develop creative strategies to promote a culture of patient and family engagement during critical situations. Not only does the current healthcare crisis highlight the need to embrace an agile implementation model that mirrors our ever-changing clinical environment, it also emphasizes the value of applying adaptive research designs. Doing so allows us to address research questions and integrate emerging evidence in real-time, applying clinically driven data that provides immediate feedback to the healthcare team and to the broader critical care community. cache = ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272445-0xauff51 author = Naaber, Paul title = Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2751 sentences = 150 flesch = 50 summary = title: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data The specificity and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are known to vary and very few studies have addressed the performance of these tests in COVID-19 patient groups at different time points. We here compared the sensitivity and specificity of seven commercial (SNIBE, Epitope, Euroimmun, Roche, Abbott, DiaSorin, Biosensor) and two in-house LIPS assays (LIPS N and LIPS S-RBD) IgG/total Ab tests in serum samples from 97 COVID-19 patients and 100 controls, and correlated the results with the patients' clinical data and the time-point the test was performed. Our study aimed to compare the performance characteristics of seven commercial and two in-house IgG/total Ab tests, which analyze the reactivity to several target proteins, and to correlate the results with the patients' clinical data (with different symptoms score and age), and time from disease onset. cache = ./cache/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272497-ww9o1kjr author = Al-Anzi, Bader S. title = An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8892 sentences = 396 flesch = 58 summary = The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. cache = ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272491-a84pahdr author = Maron-Gutierrez, Tatiana title = Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3330 sentences = 162 flesch = 34 summary = Cell-free therapies, such as the MSC secretome (obtained as conditioned medium) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs, have been studied in ARDS (16) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (17, 18) for their antiinflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effects, as well as their epithelial and endothelial regenerative properties. The MSC secretome, in the form of conditioned medium containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mitochondria, could be transformed into a stable product for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. many researchers and international societies, including the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and the International Society for Cellular and Gene Therapies (ISCT), have expressed concern regarding the use of EVs-whether derived from MSCs or from other cell sources-in the treatment of COVID-19 (19) . Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of current literature and potential future treatment options cache = ./cache/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272395-ygtqbqjf author = González-Fernández, Jorge title = Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5695 sentences = 512 flesch = 54 summary = La grave crisis sanitaria desencadenada por la epidemia de COVID-19 ha hecho necesaria la elaboración de recomendaciones sanitarias sobre los procedimientos para el manejo de cadáveres y la realización de autopsias, incluidas las judiciales, y la emisión de disposiciones específicas de Policía Sanitaria Mortuoria, especialmente tras la declaración del estado de Alarma el 14 de marzo (17). Incluye los cadáveres de fallecidos por Covid-19 en el grupo 2 del RPSM de 1974 y en el grupo 3 de la Guía de Consenso sobre Sanidad (cadáveres sin riesgo sanitario), pero matizando que "dado que el cadáver puede constituir un riesgo biológico, se proponen algunas medidas adicionales para su manejo en base a las informaciones existentes y las recomendaciones aplicables a nivel internacional". -La Orden SND/272/2020 de 21 de marzo, que regula las "medidas excepcionales para expedir la licencia de enterramiento y el destino final de los cadáveres ante la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19" (7). cache = ./cache/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272426-0bpod47w author = GEMCIOGLU, Emin title = Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1044 sentences = 73 flesch = 54 summary = title: Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? METHODS: : In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with type 1 interferon for multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. DISCUSSION: : This report supports the idea of using type 1 interferon in the treatment could be effective in COVID-19 affected patients. Effect of type 1 interferon (such as IFN-α and IFN-β) therapy as a potential treatment against coronavirus (COVID-19, MERS and SARS) was shown in many studies and researches are maintaining, more comprehensive data will be available soon [1, 2, 3] . A recently published study has supported that type 1 interferons can be used as a potential therapy against COVID-19 [1] . This case made us consider that interferon therapy might have favorable effect on severity of symptoms and length of hospital stay of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272318-8yfg1j0o author = Reddy, Sujan T. title = Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3392 sentences = 197 flesch = 41 summary = To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, few studies have reported cerebrovascular complications in COVID-19 [3, 4] and 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke [5] [6] [7] [8] . We review the current literature of published cases and describe our experience of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent cerebrovascular disease (CVD) to highlight the clinical presentation and proposed mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement by SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we performed a retrospective chart review of all hospitalized cases with confirmed COVID-19 infection (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive) and CVD (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) between March 1 and May 10, 2020 seen at two comprehensive stroke centers in Houston, TX, USA. cache = ./cache/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272457-vbqj0bj0 author = Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy title = Markers of coagulation dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1354 sentences = 73 flesch = 41 summary = The levels of serum ferritin (standardized mean difference-SMD: 0.47, CI 0.17–0.77, p = 0.002), C-reactive protein (SMD = 0.53, CI 0.20–0.86, p = 0.002), interleukin-6 (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.52, p = 0.005), fibrinogen (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.54, p = 0.007) and D-dimers (SMD = 0.54, CI 0.16–0.91, p = 0.005) were significantly higher in diabetic COVID-19 cases as compared to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, suggesting more susceptibility of diabetic COVID-19 patients to coagulation dysfunction and inflammatory storm. Though several studies have reported various inflammatory and coagulability markers such as serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen and D-dimers in relationship to disease severity and progression, much attention has to be paid to the comparisons between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 cases [6] [7] [8] . With a significant between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 64%, p < 0.0001), the random-effects model showed significantly higher levels of inflammatory and hypercoagulability markers in diabetic COVID-19 group when compared to that of non-diabetic COVID-19 group (Fig. 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272452-tfj8j9ww author = Berger, Jeffrey S. title = Prevalence and Outcomes of D-Dimer Elevation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3368 sentences = 190 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal D-dimer was frequently observed at admission with COVID-19 and was associated with higher incidence of critical illness, thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death. Given that widespread microthrombi have been observed in COVID-19 in multiple organ systems, 20, 21 we hypothesized that elevated D-dimer levels would be associated with increased risk of clinically diagnosed thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, critical illness, and death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We analyzed data from a large health system in New York City to examine the prevalence of D-dimer elevation at presentation and over time, and the association of the biomarker with incident thrombosis as well as acute kidney injury, critical illness, all-cause mortality, and likelihood of being discharged. D-dimer levels were independently associated with a higher risk of critical illness, thrombosis, acute kidney injury, and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19, independent of previously identified risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272553-bcmta2he author = Wang, Zhiqiang title = Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1664 sentences = 103 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D‐dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and report the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of pregnant women with COVID-19 to strengthen the knowledge base. 6 The treatment strategy in the present study folThe clinical characteristics of pregnant patients extracted from medical records were gestational age; time interval between symptom onset and admission; time interval between hospitalization and delivery; delivery mode; length of hospital stay; initial symptoms (fever, cough, abdominal pain, blood-tinged mucus, ruptured membranes at term, chest tightness, asthma, fatigue, poor appetite, headache, nausea, and vomiting); and maternal comorbidities (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and obesity). cache = ./cache/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272494-du3y82pq author = Abbas, Abdul-Rahman title = Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 420 sentences = 32 flesch = 66 summary = key: cord-272494-du3y82pq title: Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? cord_uid: du3y82pq In China, South Korea and Taiwan, cell phones are used to track individuals with suspected COVID-19 infections without their consent, a measure that they believe allowed them to "flatten the curve". 3 Technological titans Apple and Google are also collaborating to develop an "opt-in" platform to trace the contacts of COVID-19 patients. 5 Therefore, transparency around the type of data collected and its intended use are necessary to ensure personal liberties are not abused under the guise of the pandemic. Our personal data can be used, potentially, to mitigate the devastating effects of COVID-19; illustrated by the slower spread in countries adopting the aforementioned tracking strategies. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Europe Turn to Phone-Tracking Strategies to Slow Spread of Coronavirus Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology cache = ./cache/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272546-zznm13ik author = Van den Eynde, Jef title = Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1874 sentences = 88 flesch = 42 summary = At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic. To date, however, no specific recommendations are available for cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we discuss the potential risks, benefits, and preventive measures that need to be taken into account when considering robotic assisted surgery for cardiothoracic indications in patients with confirmed COVID-19. In response to this situation, various surgical societies have already issued their recommendations on adequate patient selection and preparation, as well as measures that can be taken to minimize the spread of viral particles. Provided that the above discussed risks are taken into account and met with these preventive measures, cardiothoracic RAS might on the other hand have various benefits to offer during the current COVID-19 pandemic when compared to conventional open surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272444-3qm29srx author = Courtney, Alona title = CRC COVID: Colorectal Cancer Services during COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol for service evaluation date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2673 sentences = 159 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of the CRC COVID study is to describe the changes in colorectal cancer services in the UK and USA in response to the pandemic and to understand the long-term impact. Phase 2 is a monthly prospective data collection of service provision that aims to determine the impact of the service modifications on the long-term cancer specific outcomes compared to the national standards. Phase 3 aims to predict costs attributable to the modifications of the CRC services and additional resources required to treat patients whose treatment has been affected by the pandemic. The aim of the CRC COVID study is to describe the changes in colorectal cancer services in the UK and USA in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the long-term impact. Phase 2 investigates the provision of colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the performance of each unit against the National Bowel Cancer Audit outcomes [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272600-0uklma5w author = Loi, Kim Ieng title = Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neo-institutional theory – The case of Macao date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8922 sentences = 439 flesch = 50 summary = This paper looks at how Macao, the world's most densely populated city, deals with the COVID-19 disease, with a focus on government interventions and responses of the gaming concessionaires who operate integrated resorts. Since there are already ample of articles on the background, development timeline, and overall commentary, this paper adopts a mixed approach by combining supplementary secondary data on the COVID-19 timeline in Macao (focusing on government interventions that can affect the tourism and hospitality industry) and primary qualitative in-depth interviews with senior management personnel (holding positions of Director or above) from major integrated resorts in Macao to get insights on industry strategic responses and expectation on future. The closure of casino operations, coupled with the suspension of group tour and individual traveller visas from Mainland China earlier, the Macao SAR government recorded a 99.7 percent drop in visitor arrivals and the average hotel occupancy rate plunged by 78.6% year-on-year in April (Macao Statistics and Census Department, 2020a, 2020b). cache = ./cache/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272509-os02hlf1 author = Burns, Graham P title = Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 120 flesch = 51 summary = title: Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital To date, there has been no clear guideline endorsement of ward-based non-invasive pressure support (NIPS) for severely hypoxic patients who are deemed unlikely to benefit from invasive ventilation. We established a ward-based NIPS service for COVID-19 PCR-positive patients, with severe hypoxia, and in whom escalation to critical care for invasive ventilation was not deemed appropriate. These results suggest that ward-based NIPS should be considered as a treatment option in an integrated escalation strategy in all units managing respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. These data support treatment with NIPS (CPAP or BiPAP) as part of a respiratory escalation strategy in hospitals managing COVID-19 and in accordance with the algorithm shown in figure 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272630-2na1gndu author = Benito, Daniel A. title = Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2089 sentences = 132 flesch = 48 summary = The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented economic and public health crisis in the United States. As healthcare system strain became imminent, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 3 , the Surgeon General, and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) [4] recommended postponing elective procedures in efforts to mitigate the spread of disease and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). [12] In addition, patients who may require office-based procedures should be screened and should be strongly considered to undergo COVID-19 testing prior to arrival, if possible ( Table 2 ). In-person examinations pose obvious risks of SARS-CoV2 (novel coronavirus) transmission among patients, family and friends of patients, and clinical staff. High-Risk Aerosol Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations. Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology How to train health personnel to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) infection when caring for a patient or suspected case cache = ./cache/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272726-ljjirt4g author = Brethauer, Stacy A. title = Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 174 flesch = 48 summary = The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. Within the department of surgery, these challenges required leadership to form new workgroups and reporting structures, establish clear communication strategies, redefine clinical activities for the faculty, and modify the workloads of trainees. For services still performing some essential operations (e.g., advanced cancer, emergent cardiac, trauma, or acute care surgery), every effort was made to minimize the number of faculty coming to work with coverage provided by those who were coming in for operative cases or on call. This "second surge" of elective cases will present its own set of logistic challenges and requires early planning to facilitate care of surgical patients once the COVID-19 surge has passed. cache = ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272537-ivqmw0dy author = Smilowitz, Nathaniel R. title = Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Viral Respiratory Infections versus COVID-19 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 847 sentences = 64 flesch = 37 summary = authors: Smilowitz, Nathaniel R.; Subashchandran, Varun; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Horowitz, James M.; Reynolds, Harmony R.; Hochman, Judith S.; Berger, Jeffrey S. We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses compared to COVID-19. SHORT ABSTRACT: We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses nationwide from 2012 to 2014 and compared this to the incidence among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a large health system in New York. Non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness was complicated by acute MI in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. Thrombotic risks associated with non-COVID-19 viral pneumonias were similar to the 5.9% incidence previously reported in 119 patients with H1N1 Influenza A.(3) Our analyses is limited by the use of administrative data, which may be subject to reporting bias and coding errors. cache = ./cache/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272772-zqmychmr author = Stall, Nathan M. title = Finding the Right Balance: An Evidence-Informed Guidance Document to Support the Re-Opening of Canadian Nursing Homes to Family Caregivers and Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4438 sentences = 257 flesch = 51 summary = Canada, and regions across the country begin phased re-openings, experts and advocates have 24 grown increasingly concerned that subsequent visiting policies and family caregiver access to 25 nursing home settings remain overly restrictive, causing substantial and potentially irreversible 26 harm to the health and wellbeing of residents. 4 A more balanced approach is needed that both 27 prevents the introduction of COVID-19 into nursing homes, but also allows family caregivers 28 and visitors to provide much needed contact, support and care to residents, to maintain their 29 overall health and wellbeing. These recommendations 68 focus on family caregivers and general visitors rather than essential support workers and nursing 69 home staff, and are made with the acknowledgement that the approach to visiting may need to be 70 dynamic based on the community prevalence of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272585-346ef6qy author = Lombardi, JM title = Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5078 sentences = 262 flesch = 51 summary = title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. Our institution has been on the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we treated "patient zero" in New York City, who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) on February 28 th . Published data by healthcare providers in Asia and Europe demonstrated that the most substantial threat to COVID-19 patient morbidity and mortality was the lack of adequate critical care resources including intensive care unit (ICU) beds and respiratory support [8] [9] . It is vital to note that although redeployment was an important initiative to our department during this time of crisis, our primary concern was to maintain an adequate workforce to meet all orthopaedic surgical demands at our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272681-u3p0hsla author = Vargas-Gandica, Jair title = Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1508 sentences = 84 flesch = 53 summary = As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to evolve, novel signs and symptoms continue to emerge and expand the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Rodriguez-Morales et al. Herein, we present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries. Herein, we present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries. As we observed in our patients, deficits in olfactory and taste function were usually of acute onset and at early stages of the disease, presenting for most cases as the initial clinical manifestation throughout the first days (Beltran-Corbellini et al. Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers -a systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management cache = ./cache/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author = Bertsimas, D. title = From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3596 sentences = 209 flesch = 53 summary = Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. Each column reports 128 cohort-level statistics on demographics (e.g., average age, gen-129 der breakdown), comorbidities (e.g., prevalence of diabetes, 130 hypertension), symptoms (e.g., prevalence of fever, cough), 131 treatments (e.g., prevalence of antibiotics, intubation), lab 132 values (e.g., average lymphocyte count), and clinical outcomes 133 (e.g., average hospital length of stay, mortality rate). The models with lab values provide 309 algorithmic screening tools that can deliver COVID-19 risk 310 predictions using common clinical features. These findings 333 are also in agreement with clinical reports: an elevated CRP 334 generally indicates an early sign of infection and implies lung 335 lesions from COVID-19 (27), elevated levels of leukocytes 336 suggest cytokine release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 337 virus (28), and lowered levels of serum calcium signal higher 338 rate of organ injury and septic shock (29) . cache = ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272654-hh29olk7 author = Bošnjak, Berislav title = Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6111 sentences = 414 flesch = 54 summary = We used a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector-based neutralization assay (pVNT) to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S to ACE2. Similarly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgA antibodies were present in 33/37 (89.2%) of the tested sera; two samples were diagnosed as borderline positive and two as negative Fig. 1 Qualitative analysis of serum total IgG (A) and IgA (B) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1 in convalescent patients with mild or severe COVID-19 and healthy controls (HC) determined by ELISA. The median sVNT titer of the mildly affected convalescent cohort was 1:180, indicating that patients with mild COVID-19 produce relatively low amounts of SASRS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Fig. 2H ). This hypothesis is further supported by a positive correlation between the duration of symptoms and total anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but not IgA, antibodies in convalescent patients with mild disease (Fig. 5A, B) . cache = ./cache/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272715-33c85eaa author = Ma, R. C. W. title = COVID‐19 and diabetes date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1244 sentences = 70 flesch = 50 summary = Whether people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 is currently unknown, but there is a perception that the risk is higher both of infection and severe disease. It is currently unknown why people with diabetes, hypertension or other chronic diseases are more severely affected by COVID-19, but one possible explanation involves angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In a similar manner to the coronavirus that caused Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 utilizes ACE2 on the surfaces of epithelial cells to bind and gain entry to infected cells [4, 5] . A recent position statement from the European Society of Cardiology also strongly recommends that physicians and patients continue treatment with their usual anti-hypertensive treatment and that there is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs should be discontinued because of the COVID-19 infection [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272566-rtnhndw3 author = Robertson, M. title = A national prospective cohort study of SARS/COV2 pandemic outcomes in the U.S.: The CHASING COVID Cohort date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5158 sentences = 323 flesch = 55 summary = Following baseline questionnaire completion, study participants will be contacted monthly (for 6 months) to complete assessments of engagement in non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., use of cloth masks, avoiding large gatherings); COVID-19 symptoms; SARS/COV2 testing and diagnosis; hospitalizations; healthcare access; and uptake of health messaging. 2, 3 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH) launched the Communities, Households and SARS/COV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort "C 3 " study on March 28, 2020 . For analyses to assess subsequent disease after Month 1, incident COVID-19 disease will be defined as development of new COVID-like symptoms > 7 days after the first (positive or negative) SARS/COV2 serologic test result. The C 3 cohort is geographically and socio-demographically diverse, and includes participants from many active hotspots during the recruitment period (March 28-April 20, 2020), as well as frontline health care workers and other essential employees, and individuals who are vulnerable to severe outcomes associated with SARS/COV2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272720-isqc0bv8 author = Keil, Evan J. title = Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3006 sentences = 167 flesch = 50 summary = Tweets most frequently focused on cancellations of surgeries (399; 40.1%), followed by education on COVID-19-related items (211; 21.2%), research studies (93; 9.3%), noncancelled cancer CONTEXT Key Objective What is the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical oncologic social media community? Relevance Patients and families are active on social media, and analysis of trends within these communities may allow physicians and academic institutions to respond to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic and further improve patient care. The primary objective of this observational, cross-sectional study was to illuminate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and surgery across the globe through an analysis of social media. Perspectives from academic institutions, patients, friends and family, businesses, and physicians highlight such topics as cancellation of surgery; COVID-19 education; research studies; and, less frequently, the resumption of surgery and cancer guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272573-wxqly479 author = Maia Chagas, Andre title = Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5074 sentences = 317 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we summarise community-driven approaches based on Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) currently being developed and deployed to support the global response for COVID-19 prevention, patient treatment and diagnostics. Community and commercial open source efforts in diagnostic technology to date have focused on four areas: i) open platforms for scaling reactions as exemplified by Opentrons ( Fig 3A) [28] , an open source lab automation platform that has been working with BP Genomics and the Open Medicine Institute to automate up to 2,400 tests per day and achieve US FDA EUA approval and is now automating COVID-19 testing at the Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CBD) of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; ii) trying to fill gaps where less attention is being paid by clinical diagnostics companies, such as Chia Bio's Open qPCR (Fig 3B) environmental test kit for surveillance via surface swabs [111] ; iii) distributed reproduction of rapidly-published, lab-scale protocols, seen within the OpenCOVID initiative hosted by Just One Giant Lab [39] which involves many community labs worldwide; iv) initiatives such as the Open Enzyme Collection [93] , Free Genes [94] and Biomaker Challenge [112] which are investigating new approaches to foundational technologies such as reagents and instrumentation, with a view to building capacity and resources or global science and medicine to face a future pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272843-fis10xbi author = Chowdhury, Rajiv title = Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 154 flesch = 40 summary = Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes whilst having important co-beneficial impacts on non-communicable disease prevention (Figure 1) . Furthermore, smoking is known to be associated with viral infections and severity (e.g., influenza) as smokers are more likely to have poorer lung function/capacity [11] , contract microbial diseases (through structural changes in the respiratory tract, decreased immunity) [12] , and perform repetitive hand-to-mouth movements. While being conscious of implementation challenges, proposed actions provide guidance on health behaviours improving immune and cardiorespiratory function that may reduce adverse COVID-19 outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272737-m05f4eml author = Ko, Jane P. title = Pulmonary COVID-19: Multimodality Imaging Examples date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 725 sentences = 50 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 primarily targets the lung, with patients presenting with pneumonia that can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In patients with a positive RT-PCR test result with moderate or severe clinical features of COVID-19, chest imaging can be used to evaluate the baseline severity of any lung disease (Figs 1, 2). Imaging can be used to evaluate for alternative diagnoses in patients with a negative RT-PCR test result despite a persisting clinical suspicion for COVID-19. The objective of this online presentation is to provide a resource for understanding the imaging appearance of pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 at multiple imaging modalities, including CT, chest radiography, and point-of-care lung US, as well as to highlight typical imaging findings and provide examples of differential diagnostic considerations and mimics. The role of chest imaging in patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational consensus statement from the Fleischner Society cache = ./cache/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272916-q8zjrodm author = Arasteh, Peyman title = A surge in methanol poisoning amid COVID-19 pandemic: why is this occurring? date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 553 sentences = 34 flesch = 56 summary = On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic related to a new corona virus infection known as the COVID-19 which first started in Wuhan, China 1 . Specifically, the large industrial use of ethanol for the manufacturing of hand sanitizers, which has been promoted for combating the spread of COVID-19, has created an unprecedented shortage in ethanol and has given way to individuals who were previously using ethanol for the manufacturing of alcohol beverages to shift to the use of methanol instead. Finally, Increased unstructured leisure time, decreased sports activity due to closure of gyms and the mass advertisement to the public to remain home, have all led to increased use of alcohol drinks 3, 4 and this has added more difficulty to the fight against the COVID-19 issue in our region. cache = ./cache/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272778-aixiioii author = Chen, Qingqing title = Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3021 sentences = 175 flesch = 53 summary = We recorded demographic data including age and gender, the clinical data including underlying diseases, medical history, exposure history, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, and treatment measures (ie, antiviral therapy, corticosteroid therapy, respiratory support), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, MuLBSTA score, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, epidemiological, and outcomes data. For severely and non-severely ill patients, refer to Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (version 7) [19] issued by of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Last, we took reference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2 (version 7) [19] issued by of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, to define the severity of COVID-19, so its applicability may be limited. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272909-n6wfe1of author = Peng, Shu title = Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3679 sentences = 195 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the clinical course and difficulties in early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients after thoracic surgery. This study describes the clinical course of 11 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for malignancy in the early phase of the pandemic before the formal declaration of outbreak and were consequently diagnosed with COVID-19. Delay in diagnosis means COVID-19 was not initially suspected due to insidious onset of symptoms that mimicked the usual postoperative course, or due to the first computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest after surgery being interpreted as postoperative changes rather than as being suspicious for viral pneumonia. COVID-19 ¼ coronavirus disease 2019 CT ¼ computed tomography GGO ¼ ground-glass opacity rt-PCR ¼ real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction Sars-Cov-2 ¼ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on, 13 developed postoperative fever and were considered putative cases of COVID-19, of whom 11 had COVID-19 confirmed by rt-PCR and were included in this case series. cache = ./cache/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272757-pyl89jqk author = Sarhan, A. R. title = Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iraq: The First Wave and Future Scenario date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2939 sentences = 219 flesch = 68 summary = By 24 May 2020, the confirmed cases of COVID-19 reached 4469 and reported 160 deaths, while 2738 patients recovered from the infection (22) . While the incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the total number of COVID-19 confirmed cases (tc) divided by the population (p) of each province times 100,000 (25) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.20138370 doi: medRxiv preprint cities, the fatalities of COVID-19 infection in Baghdad was high (97 deaths), followed by Basra (18 deaths) and Kerbala with 8 deaths ( Figure 1C ). Among the confirmed cases of COVID 19, cure rates have shown a promising trend in some cities ( Figure 3 ). In Iraq, as of 24 May, 4469 COVID 19 confirmed cases, 160 deaths and 2738 patients who have recovered from the virus and discharged from hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272872-w592wmvr author = Banerjee, Sourav title = A Preliminary Report of COVID-19 in Children in India date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1009 sentences = 67 flesch = 55 summary = We describe the profile of COVID-19 in children from India in this multicentre observational study from tertiary care hospitals in West Bengal. Data of children up to 12 years presenting with positive results on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test were included. We collected data of children younger than 12 years admitted in tertiary care institutes, including COVID designated hospitals, of West Bengal. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) approved medical laboratory, data regarding clinical details, exposure history, hospital course and outcome were collected in pre-designed proforma. Some studies [5] have raised concerns about the appearance of a novel severe Kawasaki-like disease in children in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection [6] . Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units Clinical features and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273017-9yni18cl author = Lau, Lincoln Leehang title = COVID-19 response strategies: considering inequalities between and within countries date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1411 sentences = 85 flesch = 48 summary = Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has been uncharted territory, and countries and governments have faced the challenge of implementing response strategies to manage local transmission. Local government units (LGUs) have been expected to enforce measures that are consistent with those in the National Capital Region (NCR), but the geographical, social and economic landscape from which these directives originate often differ from the rural communities in which they are meant to be implemented. Just as the Philippines lacks the resources and infrastructure to match South Korea's COVID-19 response, regions outside of NCR likewise do not have the resources to replicate the proposed ambition of mass testing in the capital region. Given inherent disparities in how resources are distributed, countries should not be treated homogenously when designing national response strategies. Designation of Selected Regional TB Culture Laboratories for GeneXpert Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Republic of Philippines Department of Health cache = ./cache/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272796-7br822q3 author = Shang, Luxiang title = Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Severe Infection and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2740 sentences = 162 flesch = 46 summary = Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, MedRxiv and COVID-19 academic research communication platform for studies reporting clinical severity and/or overall mortality data on DM in patients with COVID-19 published up to July 10, 2020. Forth, the majority of the included studies in our meta-analysis were retrospective case-control studies, as the disease spreads around the world, it is hoped that other cohort studies and randomized studies will report more clinical data to verify our results, and further examine the effect of DM type, DM duration, presence of DM-related complications and glycaemic controls on prognosis of COVID-19. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center cache = ./cache/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273005-kab6f157 author = Longhurst, Georga J. title = Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7773 sentences = 417 flesch = 42 summary = The seven questions that were selected focused around three themes: (1) location of university and size of anatomy team, (2) adaptations to teaching and resources used in lectures and practical sessions and (3) major challenges and opportunities (see Supporting Information 1). Universities identified other opportunities such as upskilling in new technologies (21%), incorporation of blended learning (14%), development of alternative examination methods (7%), and free access to online resources (7%) ( Table 4 ). One academic stated that that this was an "opportunity to improve staff awareness of online teaching methods and their confidence in using them." For anatomists, this is a unique opportunity to assess the educational benefits of this software, encouraged by free licenses offered by many companies during this time, such as "Visible Body" (Argosy Publishing, Inc., Newton, MA) and "Human Biodigital" (Biodigital Inc., Seoul, South Korea). She teaches anatomy to medical, dentistry and allied health students and her research interests include incorporation of technology in anatomical education. cache = ./cache/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272828-13i2y9kc author = Bagheri, Seyed Hamidreza title = Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2408 sentences = 140 flesch = 49 summary = This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID19 epidemic. Participants were cases with decreased (hyposmia) or loss of sense of smell (anosmia) during the past 4 weeks, who voluntarily responded to the online questionnaire via the internet (go.irimc.org/smelltest). The primary outcome of the study was olfactory dysfunction of the responders at the onset of their problem and its condition at the time of their response to the questionnaire, which was measured by closed questions and scored by Likert scale. During March 2020, the number of patients with olfactory dysfunction was increased in different provinces of Iran, concurrent with COVID-19 epidemic. We encountered an outbreak of olfactory dysfunction in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic, which correlates with the number of patients infected with COVID-19 all over the country. cache = ./cache/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272846-pkhu2zvt author = Capasso Palamim, Camila Vantini title = COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 389 sentences = 26 flesch = 64 summary = title: COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic Health professionals acts in all steps involved to COVID-19 disease, since the diagnosis by RT-PCR to providing the medical support during ventilatory maneuver and by psychology support to the patients and its relatives, mainly in cases of deaths. In addition, our data demonstrated the need to optimize the diagnosis by RT-PCR including for health 66 professionals' groups; in example, many nurses are set as suspicious cases by the lack of the disease 67 diagnosis. The COVID-19 disease caused a high number of deaths worldwide, including the death of 68 health professionals. Multidisciplinary health care team are responsible to keep the patient breath mainly in severe 72 cases of COVID-19 including millions of people worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272975-gzsd4ybt author = Antony, Arun title = Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 237 flesch = 46 summary = Significance EEG abnormalities are common in COVID-19 related encephalopathy and correlates with disease severity, preexisting neurological conditions including epilepsy and prolonged EEG monitoring. [6] [7] [8] Individual studies stress a specific population demographic or peculiar aspect of the EEG, but together provide a mosaic of EEG findings in varied groups from children to elderly, and asymptomatic patients to those with severe encephalopathy and status epilepticus. Here, we perform a systematic study of the EEG findings in patients with COVID-19 to synthesize the available data and to elucidate common patterns. Of interest, frontal lobe findings were common and included focal slowing, Diffuse background slowing was the most common EEG finding reported in two-thirds (68.6%) of patients indicating that a diffuse non-specific encephalopathy was the most common brain abnormality in this condition. The earliest available report of neurological complication of SARS-COV infection was a patient with respiratory failure and seizures, although EEG was not performed. cache = ./cache/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272961-z0pbah73 author = Zhang, Jie title = Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 192 flesch = 50 summary = title: Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China OBJECTIVE: Analyze COVID-19 patients to determine the relationships of clinical characteristics, chest CT score, and levels of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: All patients exhibited signs of significant systemic inflammation, including increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin, chest CT score, and a decreased lymphocyte (LY) count. Our analysis of laboratory data indicated the LY count was reduced in most patients, and that a greater chest CT score negatively correlated with LY count. Our analysis of chest CT scores of patients with COVID-19 indicated that the lesions were mainly at level 5, suggesting that the virus is most abundant in the more active parts of the lung. In conclusion, the chest CT score of patients with COVID-19 is associated the severity of the systemic inflammatory response. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273036-nrc35akc author = Zou, Xiaojing title = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3677 sentences = 213 flesch = 56 summary = We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score are commonly used to assess disease severity and estimate hospital mortality in general critical illnesses (7, 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272933-b2phq37e author = Alonso Tabares, Diego title = An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6828 sentences = 372 flesch = 54 summary = This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. First, preparing to restart and recover aviation to normal traffic levels; then, being ready for the next health crisis and secure passenger confidence in air travel (IATA, 2020b) . The companies working at the airport terminal building premises (airports, airlines, ground handlers, national agencies, subcontracted personnel, retailers …) are implementing the following measures to continue or resume operations (ACI-Europe, 2020; Changi airport, 2020; U.S. Department of Transportation, 2020), to prevent the spread of COVID-19: -Cleaning and sanitizing: enhancing sanitation of floors, carpets, high-contact areas … also, providing hand sanitizers and wipes for facility users. Its success will depend on technical advances on infectious detection means, acceptance to replace quarantines by testing, build of appropriate industry standards and State regulations, adequate health screening responsibility management, public opinion and support by all the air travel stakeholders. cache = ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272995-yvj2pqh1 author = Bergman, Christian title = Recommendations for Welcoming Back Nursing Home Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Delphi Panel date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6339 sentences = 340 flesch = 51 summary = Regarding visitor guidance, the panel made five strong recommendations: 1) maintain strong infection prevention and control precautions, 2) facilitate indoor and outdoor visits, 3) allow limited physical contact with appropriate precautions, 4) assess individual residents' care preferences and level of risk tolerance, and 5) dedicate an essential caregiver and extend the definition of compassionate care visits to include care that promotes psychosocial wellbeing of residents. We edited the final guidance statements for clarity, aiming to capture the consensus of the Delphi aspects of the following topics (see Table 1 ): testing of asymptomatic staff and residents, 111 surveillance testing, visitor guidance, immunity from prior COVID-19 infection and associated 112 risk of infecting others. The panel 144 strongly agreed on some preconditions that would be essential prior to welcoming back visitors, 145 such as universal masking for staff, sufficient disinfecting supplies, PPE, and written plans 146 around isolation, cohorting, screening, testing, and outbreak investigations. cache = ./cache/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272958-0jw75vsm author = Liu, Ai-Ling title = COVID-19 with asthma: A case report date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2184 sentences = 172 flesch = 56 summary = Underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect progression, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with confirmed COVID-19 combined with asthma. CONCLUSION: This case indicates the dynamic clinical characteristics, laboratory and computed tomography findings and adjustment of treatment, and the possible relationship between glucocorticoid therapy and coronavirus clearance. The existence of underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, with long-term drug treatment, may affect the progress, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. The patient's condition gradually worsened with repeated fever, chest distress, wheezing (3.5 × 10 9 /L-9.5 × 10 9 /L); B: Neutrophil rate (45%-77%); C: Lymphocyte count (0.8 × 10 9 /L-4 × 10 9 /L); D: Eosinophil count (0.05 × 10 9 /L -0.5 × 10 9 /L); E: Platelet count (125 × 10 9 /L-350 × 10 9 /L); F: C-reactive protein The existence of underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect the progress, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19 [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272989-14exeaud author = Dawoud, Dalia title = Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2360 sentences = 148 flesch = 49 summary = A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. 3 Pharmacists desire and need evidence to inform practice, and without credible and scientifically sound research studies, partly due to the rush to publish, there is not only a pandemic but an "infodemic". 3, 4 Hence, there is an urgent need to focus our research efforts to provide pharmacists and other healthcare providers with trusted information and evidence to inform patient care, pharmacy practice, and policy changes in the midst of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273050-reez33md author = Wang, Zhenling title = Type I IFN deficiency: an immunological characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1337 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = reported that type I interferon (IFN) deficiency, could be a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared with patients that had mild-to-moderate infection, the ISG score (based on the mean expression value of six ISGs defining a type I IFN signature) was significantly reduced in critical patients. By correlated analysis of viral loading with IFN-α production either on protein or on gene level, the authors suggest that the most severe cases of COVID-19 are featured by impaired IFN-α production. To further explore the transcription factors that may cause the excessive inflammatory response of COVID-19, the authors observed that upregulated genes in severe or critical patients mainly belonged to the NF-κB pathway by a kinetic analysis. Impaired type I IFN response featured immunological characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients, accompanied by lymphocytopenia, hypercytokinaemia, and high blood viral load. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-273050-reez33md.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273050-reez33md.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273044-ikk9d6wz author = Knio, Ziyad O title = Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1888 sentences = 103 flesch = 47 summary = title: Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 The present report describes the engineering of a micro-sauna prototype for the delivery of heated air. The present report describes the engineering of a micro-sauna prototype for the 1 2 1 delivery of heated air in a safe and tolerable manner. The present report demonstrates the feasibility of engineering a micro-sauna prototype for heated air delivery. The micro-sauna prototype, with its delivery of air heated to 80-90 degrees C, is more likely to be successful. Heated air delivery by a micro-sauna treatment prototype may prove beneficial in treating viral pathogens. A micro-sauna delivering air heated to 80-90 degrees C can be feasibly engineered from an electric heater, EMT conduit connector, anesthesia mask, and PID controller with thermocouple. cache = ./cache/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273114-eanwxkvt author = Perrone, Serafina title = Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1666 sentences = 106 flesch = 53 summary = A further case series described 7 women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), all of whom required oxygen therapy and received Caesarean section at term; only 3 neonates were tested, of whom one was positive. Here we report a series of cases of healthy term newborns whose mother developed COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy and were convalescent with negative test at the time of delivery. Moreover, birth date, mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight (g), anthropometric data, Apgar score 1'-5', amniotic fluid, mother-child contact, clinical signs or symptoms and swab results was collected by newborns. Her husband suffered from COVID-19 infection and RT-PCR assay on her nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2. We reported four cases of healthy neonates born from mothers with previous SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the third trimester of pregnancy. cache = ./cache/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273200-hoqpkdqo author = Gold, Azgad title = COVID-19 and involuntary hospitalisation: navigating the challenge date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1050 sentences = 69 flesch = 42 summary = Thus, the following question arises: under what conditions does non-compliance with COVID-19-related rules justify psychiatric involuntary hospitalisation, and when might this extraordinary legal option be exploited in the service of public health? Moreover, the absence of data pertaining to the contagion risk of an individual in a specific situation makes it even harder to determine whether the evidence of dangerousness is clear and convincing, as required by minimum legal criteria for psychiatric involuntary commitment. Nevertheless, even in a high-risk situation, such as a patient with a psychiatric disorder who is infected with SARS-CoV-2, a psychiatric involuntary commitment might not be the most appropriate solution, especially in circumstances in which the patient is referred to a non-COVID-19 specialised psychiatric ward. Thus, COVID-19-related exacerbation might justify an involuntary hospitalisation even in situations in which the patient is neither suffering from COVID-19 nor requires isolation. cache = ./cache/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273093-u79r80ip author = Laforge, Mireille title = Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1348 sentences = 71 flesch = 35 summary = The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. By producing excessive ROS, deregulated neutrophils can spread a local inflammatory response so that it becomes systemic, which explains why they have been involved The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. In conclusion, the presence of oxidative stress markers (for example, lipid peroxidation, rTEM and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) in patients with COVID-19 may help to identify high-risk individuals early in the course of the disease and prevent their sudden deterioration. cache = ./cache/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273262-1vqp188q author = Lal, Amos title = CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 681 sentences = 43 flesch = 44 summary = Although most of the radiological findings presented in these patients are generic and can be seen in many systemic infectious processes such as pneumonia (viral or bacterial), inflammatory conditions (inflammatory lung diseases, vasculitis) and cardiac etiologies affecting lung parenchyma such as decompensated congestive heart failure, early recognition and high index of suspicion is of paramount importance. 4, 7, 8 Even though the authors described this case as confirmed corona virus infection, they have omitted the important additional information about these patients such as underlying medical comorbidities, fluid status (volume overload), recent use of steroids and other concomitant infections (superadded pneumonia with corona virus infection). The readers would also benefit from the information about difference in clinical outcome of these patients with benign initial chest imaging that progressed to prolonged illness and/or further need for invasive mechanical ventilation versus the patients who present with early confluent radiological findings. First case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection cache = ./cache/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273176-7z6e5jhh author = Agarwal, A. title = Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in India: An open-label parallel-arm phase II multicentre randomized controlled trial (PLACID Trial) date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5585 sentences = 317 flesch = 52 summary = Patients aged at least 18 years who were confirmed to have COVID-19 based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and were admitted to the participating hospitals were screened for eligibility and included if they were moderately ill with either partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio between 200-300 or respiratory rate >24/min with SpO2 < 93% on room air, 17 and if matched donor CP was available at the point of enrolment. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20187252 doi: medRxiv preprint transfusing CP early in the disease, subgroup analysis for the composite outcome was conducted in participants who had symptoms for less than or equal to 3 days at enrolment. The PLACID trial results indicate that there was no difference in 28-day mortality or progression to severe disease among moderately ill COVID-19 patients treated with CP along with BSC All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273138-bjm7v26f author = Tao, Pei-Yao title = Determination of risk factors for predicting the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3325 sentences = 166 flesch = 45 summary = The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of symptoms onset and clinical features in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients. Asymptomatic COVID-2019 infected patients were defined as follows [3] [4] [5] : patients who tested (a) positive result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens twice every 24 hours; (b) without any conscious clinical symptoms prior to diagnosis, such as fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, muscle pain, etc., and (c) the presence or absence of pulmonary pathological changes on the chest computed tomography (CT) examination after the diagnosis of infection. The purpose of this study is to present the risk factors of symptoms onset and clinical features in asymptomatic infected patients. The current study presented clinical characteristics and evaluated the potential factors for symptoms onset in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients during quarantined. cache = ./cache/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273022-r2rz2onv author = Primov-Fever, Adi title = Songbirds Must Sing: How Artistic Voice Users Perceive Their Voice in Times of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2841 sentences = 176 flesch = 57 summary = METHODS: A total of 110 participants volunteered for the study: 57 professional artistic voice users (34 singers and 19 actors) and a control group of 53 nonprofessional voice users. All participants completed three questionnaires related to their self-assessment of their voice, their voice difficulties, vocal training, and current stress in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, within the professional group, singers reported practicing their voice in the time of the COVID-19 significantly more than actors (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Professional artistic voice users experience the COVID-19 pandemic as a stressful time, with negative effects on their well-being and specifically on their voice. The remaining three composite scales were calculated as sums of item scores and exhibited acceptable reliability, with alpha = 0.85 for "voice difficulties"; alpha = .86 for "vocal training"; and alpha = 0.69 for "current stress." The validated CV-19 questionnaire is presented in the appendix, for future research and clinical application. cache = ./cache/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273213-b3nla9di author = Liu, Jing title = Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3588 sentences = 190 flesch = 55 summary = T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. [6] [7] Recent studies have also reported decreases in the counts of lymphocytes (e.g. CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell) in the peripheral blood and increases in serum inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g. IL-6) in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, significant decreases in lymphocyte counts of the severe group were observed at the time point of disease onset and became even greater on 4-6 days later compared to those of the mild patients ( Figure S4c ). cache = ./cache/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273175-bao8xxe2 author = Tran, Viet-Thi title = COVID-19–related perceptions, context and attitudes of adults with chronic conditions: Results from a cross-sectional survey nested in the ComPaRe e-cohort date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3858 sentences = 205 flesch = 49 summary = It assessed participants' perception of their risk of severe illness with COVID-19; their context (i.e., work, household, contacts with external people); and their attitudes in situations involving frequent or occasional contacts with symptomatic or asymptomatic people. Results of the survey were described globally and for the subgroup of patients considered at high risk of a severe illness according to the French High Council for Public Health (Box 1). Among patients at high risk of a severe illness according to the French High Council for Public Health, 5% continued working, 15% had a household member working outside of the home and 7% reported regular contacts with people outside of their home. The only variable found associated with use of face masks with asymptomatic people (or refusal to see these people) was patients' perception of high risk of severe infection by COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.53-2.43). cache = ./cache/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author = Zheng, Fang title = Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2616 sentences = 157 flesch = 52 summary = Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has occurred unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and it had quickly spread from Wuhan to the other areas in China and abroad [1] [2] [3] [4] . In recent weeks, emerging studies have reported that most patients with COVID-19 had an epidemiological history including a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, and contacting with confirmed or suspected cases [7] . Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). In our study, most patients had mild diseases including upper respiratory tract infection and mild pneumonia, which were less severe than symptoms reported in adult patients [9, 10] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273150-bz617ovx author = John, Teny M. title = Migratory Pulmonary Infiltrates in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection and the Role of Corticosteroids date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 821 sentences = 53 flesch = 49 summary = 2 Herein, we present a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed organizing pneumonia (OP) as a late manifestation of COVID-19 after an initial improvement, who was successfully treated with corticosteroids. The patient was enrolled in John 4 the Mayo Clinic COVID-19 expanded access program for convalescent plasma (CCP) on day 9 of her illness and received one dose of CCP. A repeat chest CT, on day 17 of illness ( Figure 1, panel B) , revealed new and migratory ground-glass opacities in both lungs that were consistent with an organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern. 6 John 5 Ibrutinib, a highly potent inhibitor of BTK, is considered to protect against lung injury in COVID-19. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection The BTK-inhibitor ibrutinib may protect against pulmonary injury in COVID-19 infected patients cache = ./cache/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273283-gb0m6fue author = Altschul, David J. title = A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3372 sentences = 169 flesch = 49 summary = While the SOFA score is also predictive of mortality for COVID-19, it does not address the additional thrombotic mitigators of severe illness 11 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and now being used to help guide the use of anticoagulation for patients with COVID-19 [12] [13] [14] . This study is an observational cohort study validating a novel, simple COVID-19 in-hospital mortality score to predict inpatient mortality risk in 4711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using a combination of presentation vital signs, and basic admission laboratory values. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort (Fig. 1) , the novel COVID-19 severity score achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814-0.851) indicating a good discrimination for patients with higher risk www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ of in-hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273269-bjgfm73q author = Meyer, Christian Johannes title = The market-reach of pandemics: Evidence from female workers in Ethiopia’s ready-made garment industry date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5185 sentences = 287 flesch = 58 summary = We conduct a phone survey with a random sample of female RMG workers employed before the start of the crisis in Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP), Ethiopia's flagship special economic zone. We find significant changes in employment status within our sample; 41 percent of respondents employed in HIP in January 2020 were put on leave or terminated by the time of our survey. We report on a total sample of 3896 female HIP workers, including information on fixed demographics, current location and migration, employment status, income, savings, and expenditures, and mental health. Although we do not have pre-crisis measures of food security for our sample, the reported levels of household 10 To understand risk factors among HIP workers, our survey collects data on six health conditions (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hepatitis B, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney diseases, and cancer) that were commonly observed comorbidities at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (Guan et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273322-zz733a0k author = ZHAO, Yang title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2168 sentences = 113 flesch = 44 summary = This study aimed to understand the differences in clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features between the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and influenza A in children. Compared with either inpatients or outpatients with influenza A, children with COVID-19 showed significantly more frequent family infections and higher ratio of low fever (< 37.3 °C), but shorter cough and fever duration, lower body temperature, and lower rates of cough, fever, high fever (> 39 °C), nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, vomiting, myalgia or arthralgia, and febrile seizures. This study compared the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and routine laboratory test results between 23 inpatients (5.7 ± 3.8 years; 9 boys, 39% of total) with pediatric COVID-19 (recruited from January 1 to March 28, 2020) and age-and sexmatched 69 inpatients and 69 outpatients with pediatric influenza A (from January 1 to December 31, 2019) who received treatment in the Beijing Ditan Hospital in Beijing, China, which has been designated as treatment facility of infectious diseases including COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273235-jxsldz4o author = Kennelly, Sean P title = Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2143 sentences = 130 flesch = 54 summary = title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes AIMS: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs), proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident infection rates symptom-profile, and resident case-fatality. METHODS: Forty-five NHs surveyed requesting details on occupancy, size, COVID-19 outbreak, outbreak timing, total symptomatic/asymptomatic cases, and outcomes for residents from 29/02/2020–22/05/2020.  A significant proportion of residents and staff with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic  Outbreak timing ('early' vs 'late') may impact clinical outcomes for residents  Systematic mass-testing of nursing home residents and staff allows timely identification of asymptomatic individuals  Identification and isolation of asymptomatic individuals is essential for outbreak eradication and recovery in this setting To examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Dublin/Eastern Ireland, the proportion with COVID-19 outbreaks, symptom profile for staff and residents, and resident mortality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273416-332stbjl author = Liu, Tianyuan title = Transcriptional differences for COVID-19 Disease Map genes between males and females indicate a different basal immunophenotype relevant to the disease date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2739 sentences = 124 flesch = 46 summary = We created DeCovid, an R shiny app that combines gene expression data of different human tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and the COVID-19 Disease Map gene collection to explore basal gene expression differences across healthy demographic groups. In this paper, we present the DeCovid app, a Shiny app, to explore basal expression level differences in COVID-19 disease map genes between men and women and different age groups. The DeCovid shiny app combines a selection of human tissue specific GTEx data with the COVID-19 Disease Map database to allow quick exploration of basal gene expression values and differences in the healthy human population for genes described to be important for COVID-19. Here we present the DeCovid app as a resource to explore sex and age differential expression patterns in the healthy population for genes described to be involved in COVID-19 disease pathways. cache = ./cache/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273477-ifhgbm2e author = Lee, Joon Kee title = Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 829 sentences = 53 flesch = 52 summary = 4, 5 In addition to the use of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers (HCWs), ensuring that all visiting patients and guardians wear face masks and adhere to strict hand hygiene protocols is crucial. Here, we share our experience in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within a hospital through strict monitoring at the hospital entrance by ensuring that all visitors wear face masks and practice strict hand hygiene. These measures include reducing the number of unnecessary access points, checking the body temperatures of visitors using a thermal camera, and ensuring that all visitors and employees adhere to hand hygiene protocols and wear face masks, regardless of symptoms. 8 To prevent hospital spread of COVID-19, hospital entrance control, wearing of face masks, and strict hand hygiene protocols appear to be effective. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings Infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings cache = ./cache/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273308-rocbfx62 author = Siguret, Virginie title = Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 91 flesch = 39 summary = title: Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? Recently, a high prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) was reported in the COVID-19 patients [2] , immediately questioned by the possibility of false positive testing given the marked elevation in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels attributed to the major pulmonary or systemic inflammation in these patients [3] . Moreover, the contribution of anticardiolipin and anti-2glycoprotein-I antibodies to COVID-19-associated thrombosis was suggested in three patients with multiple cerebral infarctions, although no information on their detection and IgA/IgG titers was given [5] . Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, namely LA, anticardiolipin IgG/IgM and anti-2-glycoprotein-I IgG, and their possible association with thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients. Compared to other viral and bacterial infections known to trigger transient antiphospholipid antibodies [9] , LA prevalence was extremely high (85%) in critically ill COVID-19 patients, similar to Helms' study (87.7%) also conducted in ICU patients [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273045-ele1cz86 author = Johnson, Claire D. title = Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13963 sentences = 878 flesch = 54 summary = authors: Johnson, Claire D.; Green, Bart N.; Konarski-Hart, Karen K.; Hewitt, Elise G.; Napuli, Jason G.; Foshee, William K.; Brown, Jason W.; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Stuber, Kent J.; Lerede, Caterina; Charlton, Scott T.; Field, Jonathan R.; Botelho, Marcelo B.; Da Silva, Kendrah L.; Tønner, Gitte; Yap, Terrence BK.; Gkolfinopoulos, Vasileios S.; Quintero, Gabriel; Agaoglu, Mustafa H. 68 The Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners issued guidelines on appropriateness of chiropractic care through April 30 that stated, "Licensees should only provide essential chiropractic services for patients with current or recurrent complaints of pain or disability which adversely affects the patient's ability to engage in the essential activities of daily living or work, or adversely affects the patient's quality of life, and with anticipation of material improvement under chiropractic care." 69 As of May 1, updated orders included that licensed chiropractors could provide wellness care but, "should continue to adhere to safety and prevention best practices specified in the most current advice from the Centers for Disease Control." 70 William Foshee. cache = ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author = Latz, Christopher A. title = Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1885 sentences = 97 flesch = 56 summary = This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeon respondents were also being asked to 22 reuse PPE, a common practice throughout the United States during the pandemic. In our initial response (early March 2020), vascular trainees were not involved in 7 COVID-19 cases and attendings saw these patients alone (both to protect our trainees and to 8 limit use of PPE). cache = ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273315-el2qjtqc author = Wang, Ying title = Cerebrovascular disease is associated with the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1198 sentences = 78 flesch = 53 summary = Our meta-analysis showed that cerebrovascular disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients on the basis of a fixed-effects model (OR = 4.78, 95% CI: 3.24-7.03, P < 0.001) (Fig. 1a) . All values are n (%), mean (SD), and median (IQR) NR not reported Fig. 1 Odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cerebrovascular disease (a), sensitivity analysis for cerebrovascular disease (b), publication bias assessment: Egger's test (c) and Begg's test (d) disease was associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients (Fig. 1b) . did not observe a significant association between a past history of cerebrovascular disease and the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients based on two published studies (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 0.77-7.04) [11] . However, in our present meta-analysis based on eight published studies, the cerebrovascular disease was identified to be significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273318-82ptu8fi author = Prats-Uribe, A. title = Heterogeneity and temporal variation in the management of COVID-19: a multinational drug utilization study including 71,921 hospitalized patients from China, South Korea, Spain, and the United States of America date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4712 sentences = 260 flesch = 49 summary = Design: International network cohort Setting: Hospital electronic health records from Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (NYC, USA), Stanford (CA, USA), Tufts (MA, USA), Premier (USA), Optum EHR (USA), department of veterans affairs (USA), NFHCRD (Honghu, China) and HM Hospitals (Spain); and nationwide claims from HIRA (South Korea) Participants: patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from January to June 2020 Main outcome measures: Prescription/dispensation of any medicine on or 30 days after hospital admission date Analyses: Number and percentage of users overall and over time Results: 71,921 people were included: 304 from China, 2,089 from Spain, 7,599 from South Korea, and 61,929 from the USA. • Drug repurposing is a common approach in the clinical management of novel diseases and conditions for which there are no available pharmacotherapies • Hydroxychloroquine was widely used in the management of COVID-19 patients during the early phases of the pandemic • Recent NIH (and other) guidelines recommend the use of concomitant therapies including immune-based, antithrombotic, antibiotic and other treatments What this study adds • This study demonstrates great variability and extensive drug repurposing and utilization in the management of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273495-hruq0hdw author = Waffo Tchounga, C.A. title = Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3175 sentences = 170 flesch = 54 summary = authors: Waffo Tchounga, C.A.; Sacre, P.Y.; Ciza, P.; Ngono, R.; Ziemons, E.; Hubert, Ph.; Marini, R.D. title: Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic These suspect samples were first analyzed in a screening phase using field tools such as handheld Raman spectroscopy (TruScan) and then in a confirmation phase using laboratory tools such as hyperspectral Raman imaging and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A previous publication, at the origin of the WHO alert, showed about five falsified tableted chloroquine samples collected in Cameroon and DRC using thin layer chromatography (GPHF Minilab) as a screening method [16] [17] [18] . Raman imaging results showed the presence of chloroquine phosphate in samples F, G and H with correlation coefficients of 0.95, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. Falsified samples of chloroquine phosphate seized by Cameroon, DRC and Niger during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. cache = ./cache/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273349-penb65x7 author = Zhang, Chao title = Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1541 sentences = 82 flesch = 44 summary = The severity, mortality, and incidence of complications in these patients, including secondary infection, hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and liver failure, need to be examined in large-cohort clinical studies. As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread from China to other countries, governments and the medical community are taking steps to prevent transmission, from common sense recommendations to radical quarantine measures. SARS-associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalised patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273541-47n8i2qg author = Mena Lora, Alfredo J. title = Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1542 sentences = 102 flesch = 53 summary = title: Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital We describe our experience using inverted classroom methodology (ICM) for COVID-19 pandemic preparedness in a small hospital with limited infection prevention staff. [6] [7] [8] Faced with COVID-19, our facility used ICM as a major tool for pandemic preparedness to leverage our limited infectious diseases and infection preventionist human resources. We assessed the feasibility of ICM for pandemic preparedness and its impact on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey at a 151-bed urban safety-net community teaching hospital. Town halls were led by the infection preventionist and infectious diseases physician and served as the instruction phase, providing opportunities for questions and knowledge application from the videos. ICM was a feasible and efficient way to deliver educational content for pandemic preparedness at a community hospital with limited infection preventionist and infectious diseases physician staff. cache = ./cache/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273331-pu4cr3bh author = Pinkham, Amy E. title = A Longitudinal Investigation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Individuals with Pre-existing Severe Mental Illnesses date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3715 sentences = 173 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and affective disorders, may be at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 148 individuals with SMI (92 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 56 with affective disorders) were recruited from ongoing ecological momentary assessment studies that sampled day-to-day experiences and symptom severity prior to the pandemic. The key aim of this report is therefore to compare prepandemic and current symptom ratings to identify the impact of the pandemic on mental health among individuals with pre-existing SMI. The effect of the pandemic on affective experiences, symptoms, and behavioral health (i.e., sleep and substance use) was then assessed via a series of repeated measures ANOVAs that used time as the within-subject variable (pre-pandemic EMA averages vs. cache = ./cache/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273522-ygd19p05 author = Rothrock, Robert J. title = By the Numbers Analysis of COVID-19’s Effect on a Neurosurgical Residency at the Epicenter date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 750 sentences = 53 flesch = 50 summary = Objective To present areal-world analysis of neurosurgical volumes, resident deployment, and unique challenges encountered during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak peak in New York City. Methods Daily census and case volume data were prospectively collected throughout the Spring 2020SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Conclusion These data provide real-world guidance on neurosurgical infrastructure needs during a COVID-19 outbreak. Daily census and case volume data were prospectively collected throughout the Spring 12 2020SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These data provide real-world guidance on neurosurgical infrastructure needs during a COVID-27 19 outbreak. 55 We report numerical real-world analysis of our neurosurgical resident experience during 56 the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in New York City. Understanding volume and case mix 57 of operative and neurointerventional procedures, daily patient census, ICU coverage needs, and 58 rate of resident safety concerns and sick days during this period will aid in understanding 59 resource allocation during future outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273493-xsroivzj author = Manalo, Iviensan F. title = A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 466 sentences = 36 flesch = 51 summary = title: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis We present two cases of transient unilateral livedo reticularis (LR) in COVID-19-positive non-ICU subjects to bring awareness to a dermatologic manifestation. Seven days into his symptoms, he noted a transient non-pruritic blanching unilateral livedoid patch on the right anterior thigh resembling LR ( Figure 1 ). Ten days after testing positive, and with complete clinical convalescence of COVID-19 symptoms, she was sitting outside in long pants under direct sunlight for approximately 20-30 minutes. The rash lasted approximately 20 minutes and did not recur upon re-challenge with sun exposure the following day. 3 We hypothesize that the microthromboses that manifest in other organs (e.g. cardiopulmonary) 4 for 20 minutes; and did not recur upon rechallenge with re-exposure to the sunlight the next day. cache = ./cache/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273492-i483r91m author = Fulzele, Sadanand title = COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3637 sentences = 233 flesch = 51 summary = In this study, we did in silico analysis of human miRNAs targeting SARS (4 isolates) and COVID-19 (29 recent isolates from different regions) genome and correlated our findings with aging and underlying conditions. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 targeting human miRNAs involved in various age-related signaling and diseases. Based on the above reports, we did in silico analysis of miRNAs targeting SARS and COVID-19 (recent isolates from different regions) to understand the pathophysiology and identify novel therapeutic targets. In a previous report, host cellular miRNAs-181 binds to the ORF-4 region at the viral genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to inhibit its replication [17] . Both KEGG and GO pathway analysis revealed that COVID-19 targeting human cellular miRNAs are involved in the number of age-related complications. cache = ./cache/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273433-0014ih0d author = Jelinek, Lena title = Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During COVID-19: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity? date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5482 sentences = 259 flesch = 51 summary = The questionnaire inquired about (1) demographic information, such as age and gender, as well as predominant OCD symptoms (obsessions, washing/cleaning, checking, symmetry/ordering, hoarding, and other); (2) reasons for the change in symptom severity (reduced mobility, availability of cleaning/hygiene products, economic factors, lack of availability of doctors/therapist, interpersonal conflicts) as rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 = significantly increased to 5 = significantly decreased; (3) the change in OCD symptom severity (total, obsessions, compulsion, avoidance) as rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 = significantly decreased to 5 = significantly increased (items largely corresponded to a scale used to quantify change during the COVID-10 pandemic in eating disorders, Schlegl, Maier, et al., 2020; Schlegl, Meule, et al., 2020) ; (4) dysfunctional and functional beliefs associated with COVID-19 (for items, see Table 3 ) rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = does not apply at all to 5 = totally applies; (5) experience of self-competence associated with prevention of infection with COVID-19 (e.g., giving other people helpful hygiene tips; for items, see Table 4 ) rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = totally applies to 6 = does not apply at all. cache = ./cache/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273553-xp4nfnq3 author = Ramatillah, D. L. title = TREATMENT PROFILES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN JAKARTA date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3967 sentences = 217 flesch = 54 summary = Conclusion: The most effective antiviral agent in this study based on treatment duration was the combination of Oseltamivir + Hydroxychloroquine.The higher the patient's average treatment duration, the lower the average survival rate for COVID-19 patients. Samples used in this study were patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were undergoing treatment and receiving antiviral agent therapy. Patients receiving the combination Oseltamivir + Chloroquine therapy had an average survival rate of about 17% after about 23 days of treatment. Meanwhile, patients who received combination therapy Favipiravir + Oseltamivir + Chloroquine had an average survival rate of about 10% after undergoing treatment for about 39 days. Based on the Chi-Square test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between COVID-19 antiviral agent therapy and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients (p = 0.025). Based on the Chi-Square test, there was no significant effect between gender (p = 0.174) and age (p = 0.065) on the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273356-1ius4ksa author = Sauceda, John A title = Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2011 sentences = 110 flesch = 52 summary = title: Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 We investigated individual behaviors taken by white, African American, and Latino United States (US) households in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and likelihood of using digital tools for symptom surveillance/reporting. In general, all groups engaged in the same prevention behaviors, but whites reported being more likely to use digital tools to report/act on symptoms and seek testing, compared with African Americans and Latinos. We tested for differences between non-Latino white, African American, and Latino respondents on prevention control measures, likelihood of using surveillance/reporting strategies, and household size. In a probability-based household survey, non-Latino white, African American, and Latino respondents engaged in nearly identical patterns and frequencies of individual prevention measures taken in response to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273656-xo82zyi6 author = Burry, Lisa D. title = It Takes a Village… Contending with Drug Shortages During Disasters date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4566 sentences = 262 flesch = 41 summary = 2, 3 The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically demonstrates how large and sudden surge in demand can lead to shortages when local, national, and international supply chains cannot keep pace, in particular medications with limited therapeutic alternatives for critical care. We highlight the available literature on possible causes and mitigation strategies to manage shortages of critical care drugs from the local, institutional level to the global stage in a worldwide crisis such as a pandemic. 38 Manufacturers can further decrease the risk of shortages using methods to increase system resiliency, such as decentralising production to multiple sites rather than one single site, investing in redundancy of critical production steps, and ensuring availability of active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients through optimal inventory management and the development of relations with alternative producers. We sought to highlight the issues associated with anticipating and managing shortages of essential critical care drugs from global, national, regional and institutional perspectives during a disaster. cache = ./cache/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273598-6hk2oxj9 author = Metcalfe, Peter E. title = Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: brief review of the evidence date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1984 sentences = 124 flesch = 55 summary = Most treatment options focus on existing drugs, some with positive early trial results such as the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone which shows a modest overall improvement in survival for non-invasive ventilated patients but a potential one third improvement in survival for patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (mortality 29.0% treated vs 40.7% control) [1] . There are multiple historical cohort studies mostly dating from the 1930s that report the administration of one low dose fraction of x-rays (usually less than 0.5 Gy) to treat viral and bacterial pneumonia. Recent publications have suggested that a similar approach could be attempted in clinical trials involving pneumonia resistant COVID-19 patients as a treatment that may improve outcomes. This letter summarises key historical cohort data and discusses the level of evidence it provides as well as publications that point to the anti-inflammatory potential of doses of LDRT. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? cache = ./cache/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273638-mmlwh87u author = Tso, Ivy F. title = Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4386 sentences = 204 flesch = 51 summary = Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19.  We conducted an online survey to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during COVID-19 in Hong Kong, a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of loneliness in mental health during COVID-19 with important factors likely impacting wellbeing controlled, and extend the investigation from depression and anxiety to other mental health concerns such as substance use and symptoms indicative of more severe disorders (e.g., psychosis). cache = ./cache/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273426-55vu6b3u author = Iba, Toshiaki title = Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 257 flesch = 31 summary = Conclusions: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/ coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. Conclusions: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/ coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. (Crit Care Med 2020; XX:00-00) Key Words: coagulopathy; coronavirus; coronavirus disease 2019; disseminated intravascular coagulation; hypercoagulability; thromboembolism I ncreasing communications worldwide have reported that hospitalized, critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are frequently developing laboratory abnormalities compatible with hypercoagulability and clinically a high prevalence of thromboembolic events (1). cache = ./cache/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273602-cq276tj8 author = Bavishi, Chirag title = Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2116 sentences = 123 flesch = 39 summary = Randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury. In this concise review, we will focus on acute myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection, its prevalence, plausible pathophysiologic mechanisms, guidance on the use of cardiac biomarkers, and general management strategies. In a prospective cohort study by Du et al(11) of 179 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, troponin I ≥0.05 ng/mL was independently associated with mortality in addition to age ≥65 years, pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) or cerebrovascular diseases and CD3+CD8+ Tcells ≤75 cells/μL. Epidemiological studies and randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities regulating immune function and inhibiting inflammatory responses to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury. Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality cache = ./cache/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273567-8fp3a9h8 author = Zipprich, Hannah M. title = Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5383 sentences = 276 flesch = 54 summary = Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Since then, local and national governments have taken unprecedented measures in response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), including quarantining infected individuals and their family members, canceling public transportation, exit controls, travel restrictions, contact restrictions, curfews, school closures, and requiring people to wear mouth and nose masks [4, 5] . The semi-structured questionnaire consisted of 22 questions to assess the patient's current situation and adherence to the ongoing regulations, with four of these questions examining the patient's knowledge of preventive measures (questions 4, 5, 6, and 7), three capturing their attitude toward the virus (questions 8, 9, and 16) , and six exploring practices and behavioral changes regarding COVID-19 (questions 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 ). cache = ./cache/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273505-pcsw3vmx author = Liu, Xiaosheng title = High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10764 sentences = 515 flesch = 35 summary = Based on the previous clinical experience in China, it was proposed that early initiation of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and low-molecular-weight heparin might be effective in improving the prognosis of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients (16, 17) . The substantial increase in IgG concentration may saturate FcRn and reduce the half-life of pathogenic antibodies, contributing to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of high-dose IVIg. A balance between activating and inhibitory FcγRs is critical for a well-regulated immune response, and a disbalance markedly influences immunopathology in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Based on these potential supportive F(ab) ′ 2 and Fc mediated mechanisms and the known clinical effects in treating severe virus pneumonia such as SARS, MERS, influenza, and RSV disease, the early application of high-dose IVIg therapy may be considered in the management of severe COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273556-rvo0vyk3 author = Zhang, Kui title = The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2094 sentences = 121 flesch = 52 summary = title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a case illustrating the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our case report suggests that collaborative treatments with traditional Chinese medicine prove beneficial in the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly recognised illness that has spread rapidly throughout Wuhan (Hubei province) to other provinces in China and around the world. Here, we report 1 critically ill case, who was infected by COVID-19, obtained good results after the combined therapy of our TCM formula and Western medicine. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273614-qmp2tqtb author = Tahir, Faryal title = Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7164 sentences = 413 flesch = 53 summary = However, multiple studies that highlight the clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. The study concluded that severe respiratory illness with 2019n-CoV infection with deteriorating complications was associated with ICU admission and a higher mortality rate [24] . This study concluded that patients with very severe COVID-19 have a higher percentage of increased cTnI levels and their mortality rate can be improved by protecting them from myocardial injury [40] . The study concluded that cardiac injury is a prevalent condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and it is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality [41] . Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study (Epub ahead of print) Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (Epub ahead of print) cache = ./cache/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273646-ne7qfjd6 author = Shan Chan, Christine Hui title = Safeguarding Non-COVID-19 Research: Looking Up from Ground Zero date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1049 sentences = 50 flesch = 47 summary = Worldwide, as resources are directed toward accelerating the research into unravelling the mechanism of COVID-19 pathophysiology, concerns have been raised regarding the future of clinical research in United Kingdom and elsewhere during the current pandemic. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions due to lock-down is most acutely felt by scientists working on non-COVID-19 biomedical research bench and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions has been most acutely felt primarily by biomedical scientists working on non-COVID-19 bench research and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased (4). However, in implementing safe guarding measures and processes for non-COVID-19 biomedical research during this pandemic, the voices from ground zero deserve to be heard. cache = ./cache/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273689-gvzvvrfx author = Huang, Jiaofeng title = Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID‐19 independent of age and co‐morbidity date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1695 sentences = 113 flesch = 48 summary = We hypothesized that serum albumin levels at admission might reflect the severity of systemic inflammation and thus can serve as a predictive factor for COVID-19 outcomes. To address this question, we performed a retrospective study to compare the outcome in patients with or without hypoalbuminemia and to explore the impact of albumin in the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, a significant correlation was found between albumin level and inflammatory indicators (CRP, WBC, and NLR). Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a systemic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of Non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273641-8l57mnjt author = Sadr, Sara title = Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1438 sentences = 79 flesch = 46 summary = A narrow diagnostic approach where only febrile patients with pulmonary symptoms are evaluated for a COVID-19 diagnosis will result in many missed diagnoses; so it is important that physicians are familiar with atypical and rare presentations of COVID-19, such as isolated thrombocytopenia. The emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus with a high transmission rate, predominantly pulmonary symptoms and a reported mortality rate ranging between 2.0-4.4% has become a global pandemic [1, 7, 8] , and the infection can cause systemic involvement including respiratory, neurological and hematopoietic complications [3, 4] . In another study which observed the hematologic impacts of COVID-19, 20 % of patients showed abnormalities that included mild thrombocytopenia as severe as it has been reported in other viral infections such as dengue fever [14] . Severe thrombocytopenia has been reported in one case of COVID-19 that was associated with pulmonary symptoms as well as neurological complications [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273554-dm3mwbyp author = Dhuyvetter, Amanda title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: The Experience at an Urban Safety Net Hospital date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1294 sentences = 83 flesch = 51 summary = The purpose of this study is to characterize COVID-19 infection in pregnancy in a population of women getting prenatal care at an urban safety-net hospital. In this population of pregnant women at high risk for severe COVID-19 infection, only mild disease was observed. There are conflicting data on disease course in pregnancy [4, 5] , with obesity and gestational diabetes risks for severe infection in pregnant women [6, 7] . In this report of low-income minority women giving birth at a safety net hospital, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was relatively common, and despite a high prevalence of comorbid conditions, disease course was uniformly mild. SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized pregnant women: Reasons for admission and pregnancy characteristics-eight U.S. health care centers Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on admission to the labor and delivery unit: Low prevalence among asymptomatic obstetric patients cache = ./cache/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273772-nolyx9g3 author = Calder-Gerver, G. D. title = Real-Time Monitoring of COVID-19 in Scotland date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2405 sentences = 137 flesch = 64 summary = As lockdown measures took effect and the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 decreased, we required a method to infer the prevailing trajectory of the epidemic from data that were available from Health Protection Scotland (HPS) on a daily basis [1] . Ratios for deaths first fell below 1 on 19 th April, and stayed at around this level for a further two weeks before becoming consistently lower in mid-May. This delayed decline is likely to have been influenced by the fact that the peak for deaths occurred later in care homes than in other settings (Figure 3 ), and also by the increasing proportion of 'tested' deaths being included in the HPS counts (see Figure 2 , where HPS ratios are noticeably higher than those for NRS in late April and early May). The number of COVID-19 patients in hospital and in ICUs at midnight is reported by NHS health boards on a daily basis. cache = ./cache/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273601-icituitn author = Liu, M. title = Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6257 sentences = 330 flesch = 62 summary = Our model gives good out-of-sample forecasts of the disease for the two and half weeks after the end of our mobility data, assuming that the country continues the nearly 50% return to normalcy observed at the end of April (as compared to the observed peak social distancing levels). This specification implies that transmission rates can differ across counties (the county fixed effects α i reflect different population densities and also different demographic compositions), time periods (date fixed effects β t are included mostly to accommodate different rates of testing and also the different rates of reporting that happen on weekdays vs weekends), levels of social distancing d i,t , and different temperatures, h i,t , the impact of which has been debated 2 , 3 , 4 . First, to examine how our model performs, we predict the out-of-sample case numbers from the end of our data period up to May 16, 2020, under different social distancing assumptions. cache = ./cache/cord-273601-icituitn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273601-icituitn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273775-ncfzz3kh author = Drissi, Farouk title = Re: “Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation”. As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 277 sentences = 19 flesch = 45 summary = key: cord-273775-ncfzz3kh title: Re: "Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation". As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid cord_uid: ncfzz3kh The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been responsible for numerous cases of contamination within medical staff. That said, the presence of the coronavirus in peritoneal fluid, which would induce a risk of contamination in digestive surgery, is currently under debate. have recommended that in case of doubt or insufficient experience in laparoscopic surgery, an approach by laparotomy is to be favored [1] . Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation COVID-19 not detected in peritoneal fluid: a case of laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in a COVID-19-infected patient SARS-CoV-2 is present in peritoneal fluid in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 in the peritoneal fluid: does this evidence oblige to introduce new rules? Presentation of a Case Report cache = ./cache/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273741-ipnt6g0i author = Khan, Adeel A title = Fluid Replacement Versus Fluid Restriction in COVID-19 Associated Hyponatremia date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1186 sentences = 91 flesch = 45 summary = Literature describes syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) as the mechanism of hyponatremia in COVID-19 requiring fluid restriction for management. We present a case of hypovolemic hyponatremia in a patient with COVID-19, which unlike SIADH, required fluid replacement early in the disease course for its correction. Hypovolemic hyponatremia should be distinguished from SIADH as these conditions employ different management strategies, and early diagnosis and management of hypovolemic hyponatremia affects morbidity and mortality. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been recently reported to manifest as hyponatremia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH ) [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . With the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a possibility of hypovolemic hyponatremia secondary to GI loss [7] . An early clinical judgement should consider the volume status of the COVID-19 patients with hyponatremia to decide between fluid restriction and isotonic fluid replacement. cache = ./cache/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273587-nja58vxw author = Rendeiro, A. F. title = Longitudinal immune profiling of mild and severe COVID-19 reveals innate and adaptive immune dysfunction and provides an early prediction tool for clinical progression date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8910 sentences = 467 flesch = 46 summary = By profiling mild and severe COVID-19 patients and healthy donors with flow cytometry, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with broad dysregulation of the circulating immune system, characterized by the relative loss of lymphoid cells coupled to expansion of myeloid cells. While we observed no significant differences in the relative abundance of KIR receptors among COVID-19 patients with mild disease and healthy controls (Figure 3f) , a significantly higher proportion of cells expressed CD158i (NKG2A) in severe patients compared with mild or convalescent individuals. Despite the backdrop of a relative decrease in B cell numbers as disease progresses, we observed only a mild, non-significant increase in plasmacytoid cells in patients with severe COVID-19 compared with healthy donors (Figure 4a) . The resulting network of significant effects identified several clinical factors associated with specific immune cell populations, highlighting how age, sex, and disease severity jointly influence the circulating immune systems in patients with COVID-19 (Figure 6a) . cache = ./cache/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273604-0w5shxmf author = Psevdos, George title = Halting a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a U.S. Veterans Affairs Nursing Home date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1241 sentences = 76 flesch = 51 summary = Faced with a dwindling supply of PPE, the Infection Control team distributed supplies saved for a possible Ebola outbreak; A COVID unit was created within the nursing home facilitating the geographic isolation of cases; universal testing of residents and employees allowed for the implementation of proper quarantine measures. 7 Although nationally the virus spreads like wildfire in nursing homes (among residents and working staff), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) reported lower COVID-19 rates in their affiliated nursing homes in a U.S. Congressional hearing. Swift detection by rapid RT-PCR testing of all asymptomatic carriers (residents and employees via universal testing) and implementation of strict infection control and isolation measures are pivotal in containing and thus eliminating a COVID-19 outbreak. Universal and Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility for Veterans Hospital affiliated long term care facility COVID-19 containment strategy by using prevalence testing and infection control practices cache = ./cache/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273725-0i0xg7gv author = Gao, Y. title = Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4238 sentences = 254 flesch = 53 summary = title: Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Search terms included the following words: "COVID-19", "coronavirus disease-19", "new coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "novel corona virus", "novel coronavirus", "nCoV-2019", "novel coronavirus pneumonia", "2019 novel coronavirus", "coronavirus disease 2019", "SARS-CoV-2", "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "neoplasms", "neoplasia", "tumor", "tumour", "cancer", "malignancy", "clinical characteristic" "clinical feature", "risk factor", and "comorbidities". . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087031 doi: medRxiv preprint 13 that cancer was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease, which was inconsistent with the previous meta-analysis [7] . Our subgroup analyses found that the prevalence of cancer among COVID-19 patients in Italy, France, and Korea were higher than that in China, although the result was limited by the sample size. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: A retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273644-m6cub4sx author = Zhang, Yimin title = A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1653 sentences = 76 flesch = 41 summary = A previous study revealed high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 a (MIP1A), and TNF-a) in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection; furthermore, the presence of cytokine storm was correlated with disease severity [3] . The experience gained in the treatment of critically ill patients with H7N9 influenza infection and cytokine storm revealed the high efficacy of plasma-exchange modules in artificial-liver blood-purification systems, based on the extent of cytokine clearance [19] . The artificial-liver blood-purification system was applied in Zhejiang province, China, and showed good prognosis in the treatment of severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm [22] . This work recommends artificial-liver blood purification for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection who exhibit cytokine storm and rapid disease progression, as confirmed by lung imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273815-7ftztaqn author = Gupta, R. K. title = Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4918 sentences = 288 flesch = 40 summary = We also assessed the discrimination of each candidate model for standardised outcomes of: (a) our composite endpoint of clinical deterioration; and (b) mortality, across a range of pre-specified time horizons from admission (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission), by calculating time-dependent AUROCs (with cumulative sensitivity and dynamic specificity) 18 . In order to further benchmark the performance of candidate prognostic models, we then computed AUROCs for a limited number of univariable predictors considered to be of highest importance a priori, based on clinical knowledge and existing data, for prediction of our composite endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission). We compared net benefit for each prognostic model (for its original intended endpoint) to the strategies of treating all patients, treating no patients, and using the most discriminating univariable predictor for either deterioration (i.e. oxygen saturation on air) or mortality (i.e. patient age) to stratify treatment (Supplementary Figure 9 ). cache = ./cache/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273774-mg0wq9g0 author = Votto, Martina title = How pediatric resident’s life has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1058 sentences = 61 flesch = 43 summary = Since the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, a few articles were published on the working experience of pediatric residents, especially from the most exposed countries worldwide. Pediatric residents continue to be essential pillars in managing and treating pediatric diseases and are currently fundamental health care providers for every ill patient, including children and adolescents with COVID-19. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is changing everyone's life, this previously unknown disease can represent a training tool and a hard challenge for pediatric residents to improve their skills and take part in an ongoing process of knowledge. To the Editor, Since the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic [1] , a few articles were published on the working experience of pediatric residents. During the pandemic, pediatric residents continue to be essential pillars in managing and treating pediatric diseases and are currently fundamental health care providers for every ill patient, including children and adolescents with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273833-yf8kt84e author = Mejia, Rojelio title = Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 140 flesch = 50 summary = Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Accordingly, these virus-related morbidities will add to the many already found in these populations already affected by non-communicable diseases functioning as major risk factors for COVID-19, as well as other infections, including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The poor living in urban or rural areas of high-income countries and the most impoverished living in LMICs have increased risk for both COVID-19 and tropical diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273778-68wxa782 author = Lawal, Olanrewaju title = Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6774 sentences = 332 flesch = 54 summary = The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. Examination of the weekly aggregated mobility for the retail and recreation category showed that 7 states exhibited no statistically significant trend (Fig. 4a) . Yobe and Gombe States recorded a declining trend for mobility in the Grocery and Pharmacy place category (Fig. 4c) . The remaining States spread across different parts of the country-mostly in the southern part displayed a statistically significant upward trend of mobility for this place categories. The multiple correspondence analysis identified two dimensions within the mobility trend designation recorded for each State for the six place categories ( Table 1 ). As mobility started an uptrend even during the lockdown period, there is an indication that generally, peoples' perception of the disease is to consider the pandemic as a voluntary risk. cache = ./cache/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273618-klj6asdz author = Jain, Ankur title = Potential ‘significance’ of monoclonal gammopathy of ‘undetermined significance’ during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1723 sentences = 116 flesch = 49 summary = 9, 11 In the NY studies, ICU admission rates of COVID-19 positive MM patients were higher as compared to the general COVID-19 population (24-30% vs 14.2%). 38 @ Patients with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/minutes/1.73m 2 , on hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis) were excluded from the recent Remdesivir trials 33 Review of the nation-wide hospital data of COVID-19 cases to identify patients with concurrent MGUS, and comparison of disease severity, outcomes, and differences in the immunological indices between MGUS, and non-MGUS groups. In-vitro studies based on lymphocyte-stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 antigens to assess the immune-responsiveness of people with MGUS to COVID-19 vaccines. 39 ** Since people with MGUS may have an impaired anti-viral antibody response, 4 a lower SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG in the MGUS population as compared to the HC in the serology-based epidemiological studies would suggest an increased susceptibility of people with MGUS to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273816-4sxe7s03 author = Xing, Q.-Q. title = Liver Chemistries in COVID-19 Patients with Survival or Death: A Meta-Analysis date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2420 sentences = 168 flesch = 61 summary = 5 Lay Summary 75 Abnormal liver chemistries are linked to higher risk of death related to coronavirus 76 disease (COVID-19). Our meta-analysis also reveals the different patterns of abnormal liver 111 chemistries between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 [10] . Significant heterogeneity was observed for the AST levels among the studies (I 2 = 194 74%, p < 0.01), which was significantly higher than that of the ALT levels (I 2 = 42%, (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. There were significant differences in the coagulation-related (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. doi: medRxiv preprint in Patients with Severe or Non-severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis (unpublished 408 data) cache = ./cache/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273794-gvjwvabm author = Palomar-Ciria, Nora title = SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM. date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1012 sentences = 62 flesch = 51 summary = In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 has already had a great impact in the general population worldwide and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are at greater risk of infection and its consequences, due to difficulties following preventive rules and the presence of other medical comorbidities. On top on that, patients with schizophrenia are usually overlooked though that disorder may represent a greater risk of medical comorbidities and increased risk of COVID-19 infection, even when hospitalized. cache = ./cache/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273930-4asx0dq3 author = Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer title = Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 756 sentences = 46 flesch = 53 summary = As previously stated [1] COVID-19 may also present in them with a broad and changing spectrum of clinical disease, including cardiovascular conditions, as is the case of the pericarditis. During his hospital course, the patient presented severe chest pain that was difficult to relieve, requiring high doses of morphine, with the subsequent change to oxycodone with clinical improvement. Despite the use of PPE by the HCW, including those on training, as the case described, SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is evident, and transmission may occur. Our case also presented with, a still considered novel, clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Although cardiovascular conditions have been reported widely in COVID-19 so far [3, 4] , there is a lack of cases presenting with pericarditis, especially without other significant complications. In the case of COVID-19, this consequence requires more detailed studies to understand their pathophysiology, but especially their clinical course and implications. cache = ./cache/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273758-hhd8xnve author = Ciardullo, S. title = Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3404 sentences = 164 flesch = 46 summary = Nonetheless, it remains controversial whether diabetes could be considered an independent risk factor for greater severity of illness and death, with some studies showing a detrimental effect [5] [6] [7] and others a neutral influence [8] [9] [10] , also depending on adjustment for confounding variables. As expected, patients who experienced in-hospital death were older (78 vs 68 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of most comorbidities including CVD (46.4% vs 32.5%, p = 0.007) and hypertension (78.1 vs 56.8%, p < 0.001), whereas only a trend was found for diabetes (23.2 vs 15.6%, p = 0.064) and no significant differences were found in gender distribution. In the present study we show that among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a single center in Northern Italy, a history of diabetes was associated with an increased mortality risk, which was independent from several confounding factors and comorbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author = Soofi, Moslem title = Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3381 sentences = 159 flesch = 43 summary = Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. While multiple biases are identified in the field of behavioral economics, in this paper we focus on six that tend to be particularly relevant to COVID-19-related behaviors: present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior. It seems that health messages intended to encourage people to engage in COVID-19-preventive behaviors (e.g., social distancing) should be framed in terms of gains, such as "If you wash your hands properly/ follow social distancing policy/adhere to the stay-at-home policy, you will increase the chances of yourself and your family having a long, healthy life." This paper can improve our understanding of the decision-making biases that can be applied as entry points in public health policies and interventions for the prevention of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273829-t5cuop5c author = Görgülü, Özkan title = rRT-PCR Results of a Covid-19 Diagnosed Geriatric Patient date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 89 flesch = 52 summary = Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. Patient with positive Covid-19 IgM Rapid Test performed on May 19, 2020, was subjected to the rRT-PCR test, repeated twice on the 19th of May which also resulted in positive. The nucleic acid test functions as the gold standard method for confirming the SARS-COV-2 infection; however, some recent studies have detected false negative results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) [4] . Similar to our case, there are case reports of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test initially false negative and later positive in the literature [11] . Therefore, it can be argued that COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT cache = ./cache/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273907-58jufmx7 author = Shen, Kun-Ling title = Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance recommendation to strengthen prevention of pediatric seasonal influenza under COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1726 sentences = 100 flesch = 44 summary = The WHO, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and various nations have called for strengthening of prevention and control of seasonal influenza while making every effort to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that in the coming winter influenza and COVID-19 may spread simultaneously and recommended vaccination for all children older than 6 months [10] . Brazil initiated early vaccination to reduce influenza cases in the midst of COVID-19, with children from 6 months to 6 years of age being the priority target population [14] . To control the pandemic situation more effectively, the Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance (GPPA), based on best-practices and evidence from various countries, recommends that all global and regional organizations, medical societies, and health agencies join hands in the prevention of seasonal influenza in children. cache = ./cache/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273811-ymnvwwjw author = Rubio-Rivas, M. title = Beneficial and Harmful Outcomes of Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4828 sentences = 341 flesch = 55 summary = Two investigators (M.R-R., J.M.M-L.) independently abstracted the following details: study characteristics, including setting; intervention or exposure characteristics, including medication dose and duration; patient characteristics, including severity of disease; and outcomes, including mortality, admission to ICU, adverse events such as secondary infections, and length of hospital stay. More restrictive analysis excluding studies with <20 included patients, NOS <7 and studies with important risk of bias, showed pooled mortality in the TCZ-group to be 18.9% ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Pending published evidence from RCTs, this systematic review and meta-analysis focused on available real-world observational studies, revealing a beneficial effect of TCZ use in preventing mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273913-xem3alih author = Marraha, Farah title = A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4225 sentences = 234 flesch = 48 summary = In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. e first case infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, in late November 2019. ese skin lesions can guide clinicians for diagnosis if the patients present other COVID-19 symptoms; however, viral infection cannot be the only cause; mediated inflammatory responses and drug reactions can also be suspected. e aim of our literature review is to report the various cutaneous manifestations described to date associated with COVID-19, the skin problems related to personal protective equipment, and the different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug reactions [6, 7] . e frequency of the skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection varies according to the series; in a Chinese study of 1099 positive cases, the incidence was only 0.2%, while in an Italian series of 88 patients it was 20.4% [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274008-p3st70u3 author = Mann, E. R. title = Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6004 sentences = 359 flesch = 49 summary = Here we report the outcome of a longitudinal immune profiling study in hospitalised patients during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and show the relationship between immune responses and severity of the clinical presentation. Although, as reported previously 4 , a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on hospital admission was observed in those patients whose disease trajectory was ultimately severe, whereas there were no appreciable differences observed in monocytes (figure 1A, 1B and table 1). Longitudinal analysis revealed that in the majority of patients (70%) (irrespective of severity) T cell frequencies in whole blood increased prior to hospital discharge, while neutrophil frequencies reciprocally decreased (figure 1E). Severe COVID-19, on the other hand, was associated with monocytes displaying increased expression of the cell cycle marker, Ki67 (normally <5% in healthy peripheral blood), irrespective of whether monocytes were stimulated or not (figure 3C and appendix 6C), which strongly correlated with hospital data for CRP (figure 3C). cache = ./cache/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273998-e7m5g242 author = Que, Jianyu title = Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4862 sentences = 277 flesch = 44 summary = Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274018-x50yiq10 author = Gemici, Cengiz title = Covid-19 outbreak in a major radiation oncology department; which lessons should be taken? date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 936 sentences = 48 flesch = 51 summary = Our hospital has been immediately declared as one of the major pandemic state hospitals by Turkish Ministry of Health, and almost all oncology inpatient service beds were reserved for corona virus infected patients. The first Covid-19 infection in our department occurred after the contact of our senior staff (C.G.) with a patient in a small sized policlinic room. A few weeks after the declaration of the first case officially by the Turkish Ministry of health, several persons in our department, starting with radiation oncologists, then medical physicists and technicians and lastly the brachytherapy nurse were presented with the classical symptoms of Covid-19 virus infection. Our society has also written a letter to our Ministry of Health stating that limited human resources exist in radiation oncology community in Turkey, and no one in the other parts of hospital has the ability to take place of a radiation oncologist, medical physicist or radiotherapy technicians. cache = ./cache/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273965-ma1rwkdq author = Omonzejele, Peter F. title = Preserving Bodily Integrity of Deceased Patients From the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in West Africa date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3076 sentences = 152 flesch = 60 summary = The enforcement of social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown has made it impossible for West Africans to drift to their ancestral homes and villages, as is usually the case in times of crisis, with attendant consequences for communal life and traditional burial rites. Though the WHO has suggested it as one of the most effective ways to prevent contracting the COVID-19 virus, the fact remains that many West African communities do not have access to running water, especially those in rural areas (Omonzejele 2014, 418) . Since this is the most probable case for escapes from isolation centres, governments in the West African region should, perhaps, engage with the WHO to seek technical expertise in the decontamination of deceased people from COVID-19 isolation centres, and then make such corpses available to their families for traditional burial rites. cache = ./cache/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273828-557vlq9d author = Brito, Carlos Antunes title = Mechanisms and consequences of COVID-19 associated liver injury: What can we affirm? date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3095 sentences = 166 flesch = 50 summary = Since the first reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in December 2019 in China, numerous papers have been published describing a high frequency of liver injury associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, many of them proposing a link between these findings and patient outcomes. Recently, many papers have been published reporting gastrointestinal manifestations, including acute liver injury, with increased levels of aminotransferases, in COVID-19 patients; these manifestations have been reported more frequently in patients with severe forms of this disease. Liver injury related to SARS-CoV-2 disease has been defined by increased liver enzyme serum levels, mainly aminotransferases and bilirubin, during the infection course in patients with or without previous liver disease [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] . Wide variability in deviations of liver enzyme serum levels from normal values is observed in infected patients, with an elevation frequency ranging from 16% to 62% for aminotransferases and from 5% to 21% for bilirubin. cache = ./cache/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274027-ovdhnajp author = Gyasi, Razak M. title = Rethinking the Gendered Dimensions in the Impacts and Response to COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 77 flesch = 47 summary = A critical consideration of gendered lenses and the respective brunt of health crises of the pandemic on men and women can improve our understanding and direction of efforts toward building robust and equitable public health response. Specifically, taking into account the gendered sensitivities and the respective brunt of health crises of the outbreak on men and women can improve our understanding and direction of efforts toward building robust and equitable public health response. In the publication of the strengthening preparedness for health emergencies, the WHO Executive Board advocated for the inclusion and full representation of women in the decision making process at international and national levels during outbreaks. We propose to the global health organizations, national political forces, and policymakers to conspicuously include gendered sensitivities in the analysis of impacts and response to COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273869-buavj9mm author = Rosés-Gibert, Pau title = Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1892 sentences = 135 flesch = 49 summary = title: Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was performed collecting data on 36 patients under 14 years old, presenting suspicious acral skin manifestations for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management of patients presenting chilblain-like lesions and acral purpuric macules is not well established. Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: a case report with histopathological findings Chilblain and acral purpuric lesions in Spain during covid confinement: retrospective analysis of 12 cases Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients Chilblains-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection Assessment of acute acral lesions in a case series of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273897-hkt322bt author = Seijts, Gerard title = The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4823 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = As Crossan and her colleagues articulated in their research and outreach, truly great leaders demonstrate strength in each of the character dimensions and, coupled with excellent judgment, are able to call upon and deploy the character dimensions to suit any particular situation: (1) transcendence to visualize the needed end state and to remain optimistic while journeying the often long and difficult road to get there; (2) integrity to recognize what needs to be done and to report candidly on the progress to those directly and indirectly impacted by the measures; (3) drive to deliver results despite obstacles, setbacks, and criticism; (4) courage to make tough and often unpopular decisions; (5) humanity to do what needs to be done, all the while caring about and taking steps to assist the many people affected; (6) justice to recognize and issue the support needed by individuals and/or organizations to help mitigate the negative consequences born of a situation outside of their control; (7) humility to learn and actively seek the best practices to lead teams, organizations, communities, cities, and nations through the crisis; (8) temperance to show calm and restraint even under the most dire of situations, especially as emotions, like a virus, tend to be contagious; (9) accountability to the various stakeholders and bearing responsibility for decisions and the subsequent consequences; (10) collaboration with a very large and diverse group of parties to achieve the desired outcome; and, finally, (11) judgment, to bring all these dimensions together into an effective, efficient, and principled process to work through the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274007-zndtddty author = Rasmussen, Sonja A. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know date = 2020-02-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5912 sentences = 330 flesch = 50 summary = For Middle East respiratory syndrome, there were 13 case reports in pregnant women, of which 2 were asymptomatic, identified as part of a contact investigation; 3 patients (23%) died. Principles of management of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy, avoidance of fluid overload, consideration of empiric antibiotics (secondary to bacterial infection risk), laboratory testing for the virus and coinfection, fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations. General principles regarding management of COVID-10 during pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, testing for SARS-CoV-2 and coinfection, oxygen therapy as needed, avoidance of fluid overload, empiric antibiotics (because of secondary bacterial infection risk), fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations (Box 2). cache = ./cache/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273968-ym79axlo author = Di Renzo, Gian Carlo title = COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Consider Thromboembolic Disorders and Thromboprophylaxis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 391 sentences = 25 flesch = 43 summary = In non-pregnant patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 pneumonia, the frequency of venous thromboembolic disorders is 25% (20/81) ascertained by ultrasound examination of the lower extremities (1). In another series of 184 patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia, 31% had venous or arterial thromboembolism (defined as acute pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, or myocardial infarction) (2) . Given that normal pregnant women have evidence of increased generation of thrombin and a prothrombotic state, as well as increased intravascular inflammation which is exaggerated in the context of infection, such patients may be at an increased risk for thrombosis when affected by COVID-19. This body of evidence should be considered by obstetricians caring for pregnant women affected by COVID-19. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author = Ramiro, Sofia title = Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5757 sentences = 267 flesch = 47 summary = Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. ► A strategy involving a course of high-dose glucocorticoids, followed by tocilizumab if needed, has shown to accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation compared with supportive care only in COVID-19-associated CSS. cache = ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274141-vujx538o author = Chinsembu, Kazhila C. title = Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11338 sentences = 676 flesch = 53 summary = De Clercq (2005 suggested that it was feasible to develop SARS-CoV fusion inhibitors analogous to enfuvirtide, a linear 36-amino acid synthetic peptide marketed under the trade name Fuzeon, an approved anti-HIV drug that inhibits the entry of the virus into cells. It was hypothesized that specific flavonoids, such as quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin (7) and their glycosylated derivatives, may play an effective role in inhibiting SARS-CoV entry into host cells, specifically by binding with high affinity to the spike protein, helicase, and protease sites on the ACE receptor (Ngwa et al. Although the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic should remind scientists that current options for treating life-threatening zoonotic coronavirus infections are very limited , medicinal plants offer a strong pipeline for the discovery of novel lead compounds that can be converted into new drugs to treat COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274053-406dfdih author = Srivastava, Kamna title = Association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2574 sentences = 166 flesch = 46 summary = SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells through ACE2 receptors, leading to COVID-19-related pneumonia. Search methods and strategies for identification of studies Literature search was performed in WHO reports, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and also in American Heart Association journals, Nature, JAMA, BMJ and THE LANCET journals using following terms:ACE2, coronavirus, COVID-19 and 2019-nCoV, COVID-19 and CVD, Cardiovascular Risk and Diseases to find articles published from January 05 to May 20, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 shares both high sequence similarity and the use of the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In another study [43] , we have reported the role of Angiotensin type I receptor in patients with essential hypertension and normal healthy controls as pathological and physiological differential expression at mRNA and protein levels. In a report by Huang et al [3] myocardial injury associated with the SARS-CoV-2 was found in 5 of the first 41 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274203-urqed43m author = Katal, Sanaz title = Chest-CT findings of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing malignancies; a pictorial review date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2338 sentences = 120 flesch = 41 summary = With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, in at-risk and vulnerable populations such as patients with known malignancies, infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be included in the differential considerations even with atypical image pictures. [6] on 1,590 patients with COVID19 in China has asserted that pre-existing conditions (including malignant neoplastic disease) correlate positively with poorer clinical outcomes, similar to previous findings in other severe acute respiratory diseases, such as SARS and MERS [7] . To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to evaluate chest CT features in patients with malignancy and concomitant COVID-19 infection and the specific imaging findings have not yet been fully understood in this setting. However, although peripheral GGOs and consolidations are usually highly suggestive of superimposed COVID-19 pneumonia, these findings can be hardly distinguishable from an underlying lung malignancy or other opportunistic infections in patients with known lung cancer and warrant clinical, epidemic and laboratory correlation with PCR testing. cache = ./cache/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author = Yadav, Uday Narayan title = A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3756 sentences = 178 flesch = 43 summary = These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We argue that, for people living with NCDs (PLWNCDs), COVID-19 is considered a syndemic-a synergistic pandemic that interacts with various pre-existing medical conditions and social, ecological, and political factors and exacerbates existing NCDs. Studies have reported higher proportions of frailty (13, 14) , malnutrition (15) , psychological problems (16) , and coinfections, including antimicrobial resistance pathogens, among PLWNCDs (17) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). cache = ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273918-knlc3bxh author = Holmes, Emily A title = Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10279 sentences = 452 flesch = 35 summary = 1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities. cache = ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274147-jvymoene author = Collins, Obiora C. title = Estimating the impact of lock-down, quarantine and sensitization in a COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak in China date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2662 sentences = 163 flesch = 57 summary = Using real data on the COVID-19 outbreak from 22 January 2020 to 30 March 2020, we developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of control measures in reducing the spread of the disease. The results of the analyses reveal that, using the data from China, implementing all possible control measures best reduced the rate of secondary infections. In this study, we will explore the control of COVID-19 using a mathematical model with China as a case study and the results could be useful for other countries with a COVID-19 outbreak. In this study, data from China was used to develop a mathematical model for a COVID-19 outbreak that includes the primary control measures used. Using all the data up to 30 March resulted in an R 0 > 1, confirming that the control measures implemented in China were effective in COVID-19 control and, where possible, should be implemented in other countries. cache = ./cache/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274043-ifr0oo7u author = Rozzini, Renzo title = The COVID Grim Reaper date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 160 sentences = 19 flesch = 68 summary = key: cord-274043-ifr0oo7u authors: Rozzini, Renzo title: The COVID Grim Reaper date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc cord_uid: ifr0oo7u This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The COVID Grim Reaper Author: Head, Geriatric Dept Reference 23 COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and Decision Making in a Pandemic The geriatrician: the frontline specialist in the treatment of 26 covid-19 patients -Gemelli against COVID-19 Geriatrics Team cache = ./cache/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274199-3stjueja author = Baldi, Enrico title = COVID-19 kills at home: the close relationship between the epidemic and the increase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4307 sentences = 193 flesch = 48 summary = Our aim was to assess whether the difference in the number of OHCAs between 2020 and 2019 was statistically correlated with the COVID-19 epidemic trend and to look for clinical pre-hospital elements supporting this evidence. All the Emergency Medical System (EMS) electronic records have been reanalysed and the number of patients with suspected COVID-19 (fever for at least 3 days before OHCA associated with cough and/or dyspnoea) or with a diagnostic pharyngeal swab (performed before OHCA or after death) have been computed. We highlighted an increase in medical aetiology over other types of aetiologies, and this further reinforces the hypothesis that the increase in the incidence of OHCAs is probably related to the direct (i.e. respiratory failure at home, SCD due to SARS-CoV-2 myocardial involvement or treatment) or indirect (i.e. lack of EMS activation in the case of time-dependent pathologies) effect of the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274100-0d2u23nv author = Rochon, Paula A. title = The Missing Pieces of the COVID‐19 Puzzle date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1091 sentences = 71 flesch = 63 summary = We focus here on laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and fatalities by sex, age, and the intersection of the two, because these data are fundamental and routinely collected. We use publicly reported data from the 10 countries with the most reported COVID-19 cases to help understand patterns associated with sex and how they link to age, while considering gendered explanations. Only 3 of the 10 countries-Italy, Spain, and Germanyreport data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and fatalities disaggregated by sex and age in a usable format. Although the United States did not report national data disaggregated by sex and age, a study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in New York City 5 also found that men were more likely to die in each age group. Important differences between women and men become visible when data are reported by sex and age. cache = ./cache/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274250-95yzt1gj author = Mortaz, Esmaeil title = Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2716 sentences = 159 flesch = 48 summary = The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The kinetics and allosteric regulation of Hb nitrosylation by oxygen and pH are consistent with the physiologic mechanisms that modulate tissue blood flow, namely acidosis and hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia leads to NO generation by the RBC via SNO-protein transfer of NO activity [12] . To examine the hypothesis that NO is important in regulating vasodilation during hypoxia in these subjects we studied intracellular levels of NO in COVID-19 patients. In our study, intracellular RBC NO of COVID-19 patients is significantly higher than in healthy controls and this may enable the release of oxygen to tissues resulting in the clinical manifestation of silent hypoxia in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274150-ukdha3ap author = Choi, Jun Yong title = Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 169 flesch = 42 summary = Given its rapid acquisition, convalescent plasma therapy has been considered as an emergency intervention in several pandemics, including the Spanish flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), and West Nile virus, and more recently, Ebola virus [7] [8] [9] . Although large-scale randomized controlled trials have not yet been performed, and most studies did not evaluate neutralizing activities of used convalescent plasma, previous experiences on convalescent plasma therapy for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases provide us with important historical precedents that this intervention might be useful for confronting the COVID-19 epidemics. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with COVID19 , an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial was performed in seven medical centers in Wuhan, China. Some patients who recover from viral diseases may not have high titers of neutralizing antibodies, which are crucial for the effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy [13, 14] . cache = ./cache/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274264-s477tw3x author = Shen, M. title = Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4120 sentences = 221 flesch = 54 summary = We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness and coverage required to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic in scenarios when social contact was to return to pre-pandemic levels and face mask use was reduced. But relaxing social distancing restrictions to the pre-pandemic level without changing the current face mask use would lead to a new COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in 0.8-4 million infections and 15,000-240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. In the state of California, if the current face mask use rate was maintained and the vaccine was weak, 50% coverage could avert 1 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. However, the state of California, in particular, will need a vaccine coverage of close to 80% to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic, such that both social distancing restrictions and the requirement for face mask use can be relaxed. cache = ./cache/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274251-2x1nltpn author = Doran, S.L.F. title = COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 652 sentences = 48 flesch = 46 summary = authors: Doran, S.L.F.; Patel, P.H.; Chaudry, A.; Pollok, J.M.; Pollok, J.M.; Kumar, S.; Bhogal, R.H. title: COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience We report our experience of 3 patients developing COVID-19 infection after hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention in March 2020 during the initial outbreak in the United Kingdom. Initial post-operative CXR was normal but the patient remained intubated, spiking temperatures with high FiO2 and noradrenaline requirements and a COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed. On POD 5 he developed an acute kidney injury and CXR demonstrated right lower collapse with right basal atelectasis. This case series strongly supports the routine testing of patients and clinical staff to reduce the potential complications of surgery on patients with COVID-19. Whilst all 3 patients were clinically stable on discharge, the risk of adverse outcomes in patients particularly after major abdominal surgery in the COVID-19 era is very real and requires vigilance. cache = ./cache/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author = Goel, Sunny title = Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 111 flesch = 40 summary = INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and inhospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We included studies that had more than ten adult patients ([ 18 years), and reported clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, along with all-cause mortality as one of the outcomes. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States Clinical Characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274184-hm516x6p author = Elli, Luca title = Endoscopy during the Covid-19 outbreak: experience and recommendations from a single center in a high-incidence scenario date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4843 sentences = 280 flesch = 50 summary = From the abovementioned reasons we must deduce that: -in high SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas where PCR assays are not extensively performed, Covid-19 cannot be ruled out by simple clinical examination or epidemiological link; -the greatest amount of efforts and precautions are required to minimize the spread of the disease and to preserve medical staff from infection. In our current situation, which is characterized by high incidence of Covid-19 and relative scarcity of surveillance assays in asymptomatic subjects, for the abovementioned reasons we recommend different modalities of individual protection based on a strict clinical and epidemiological stratification of patients with potential SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing endoscopic examination. In this setting, regardless of the classification of patients (high/low-risk, , in order to prevent the medical staff from becoming infected, we suggest high-performance personal protection equipment, i.e. a N95 or FFP2/FFP3 respirator, a hairnet, a double pair of gloves, a disposable waterproof surgical gown, a face shield (which we prefer because it allows to protect, and then spare, respirators) or goggles, and work safety clogs (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274182-7z2tb0ll author = Veerabathini, Bala C title = An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1883 sentences = 107 flesch = 46 summary = title: An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection We report a case of an immunocompetent 59-year-old male with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed M.osleonsis bacteremia. While the specific mechanisms are not fully understood, it is becoming more evident that a SARS-CoV-2 infection may be making humans more susceptible to various systemic diseases, including the possibility of causing rare bacteremia. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functional exhaustion may explain the reason why the patient in that case report presented with recurrent bacteremia and multi-organ infection. According to current literature, the level of peripheral Tregs is significantly reduced in severely affected COVID-19 patients compared to mild disease. Based on the currently published data, this is the first reported case of M.osleonsis bacteremia in a COVID-19 positive patient. This raises the question of whether the presence of a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (or the presence of current COVID-19 antigen positivity) creates an immunocompromised state that predisposes patients to bacteremia. cache = ./cache/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274230-old0xmcc author = Zhao, Qianwen title = Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 867 sentences = 72 flesch = 56 summary = title: Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis Mean difference (MD) of lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease and odds ratio (OR) of lymphopenia for severe form of COVID-19 was evaluated with this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients (MD -0.31×109/L; 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.19×109/L). After the significant clinical heterogeneity was excluded, the 130 randomized effects model was used for meta-analysis. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -United States Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 284 and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Retrospective study on the epidemiological 300 characteristics of 139 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia on the effects of Severity Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 311 infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a 322 descriptive and predictive study cache = ./cache/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274343-y9zqbefu author = Petersen, Irene title = Three Quarters of People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection are Asymptomatic: Analysis of English Household Survey Data date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2197 sentences = 151 flesch = 57 summary = We estimated sensitivity, specificity, the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 – sensitivity), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection using results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the "gold standard". 8 In this analysis of data from a large representative study by the English Office for National Statistics we aimed to understand the value of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of COVID-19 symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 -sensitivity). We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection by using the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the "gold standard". To our knowledge, the Office for National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey pilot is the largest population survey carried out to date including information on the association between COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results. cache = ./cache/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274324-obhrbxu4 author = Tian, Wenjie title = Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 200 flesch = 48 summary = Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 published articles involving 4659 patients is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the demographic features, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities that are associated with mortality in COVID-19. In this meta-analysis, we found that baseline cardiometabolic disease and evidence of increased acute inflammation and end-organ damage (cardiac, renal, liver and hematologic) on admission were associated with increased risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection. Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274353-tzlcpx7q author = McDermott, Amy title = Inner Workings: Molecular biologists offer “wartime service” in the effort to test for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1987 sentences = 99 flesch = 46 summary = In order to legally perform diagnostic work on human samples in the United States, a lab needs certification from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, through its Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program (2) . On March 12, for example, California Governor Gavin Newsom issued an executive order suspending certification and licensure requirements for any researcher with relevant skills who meets CLIA requirements to run the COVID-19 test; such a person may now temporarily run the assays under the supervision of a medical laboratory scientist in a CLIA-certified lab (4). To get around its limitations, UC Berkeley is temporarily extending the clinical lab's CLIA certificate into the larger Innovative Genomics Institute on campus, and will staff it with volunteer researchers who have the relevant skills to run the assay, supervised by a licensed medical laboratory scientist. cache = ./cache/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274328-ea1ehsnq author = Assaker, Rita title = Presenting symptoms of COVID-19 in children: a meta-analysis of published studies date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 726 sentences = 53 flesch = 50 summary = Articles with the following criteria were selected: studies describing paediatric patients suffering from COVID-19, confirmatory diagnosis using RT-qPCR, including a description of the country in which the study was performed, details about COVID-19 suspicion criteria (symptoms and/or contact with a sick person) and details of clinical signs and symptoms and CT scan results. Consequently, in the context of community SARS-CoV-2 spread, generalized population-based screening using RT-qPCR appears the most effective strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infected paediatric patients with no clinical signs or known contacts. There is a good case to be made for screening all hospital inpatients, or at least considering a strategy relying on a careful screening of patients for clinical signs and/or a recent contact with an infected person followed by a RT-qPCR confirmation. Our results should be considered when policy is determined for detecting Sars-Cov-2 infection in children in the context of the medical and surgical management. cache = ./cache/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274368-s1h3p5s9 author = Carter, B. title = Nosocomial COVID-19 infection: examining the risk of mortality. The COPE-Nosocomial study (COVID in Older PEople). date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 204 flesch = 52 summary = Nosocomial infection is defined as an infection that is acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection (at least 15 days prior to a positive COVID-19 diagnosis), and in whom the pathogen was not incubating at the time of admission. However, a large study in the United States reported that non-ventilator associated nosocomial pneumonia occurred in 2.1% of all hospital admissions, with a mortality rate of 13.1% (12) . There is no current published data for nosocomial versus community acquired COVID-19 in UK hospitals, leaving uncertainty around morbidity or mortality and heightened public anxiety. Clinical teams at each site screened in-patient admission lists for eligibility and had access to infection control records of positive COVID-19 laboratory testing. Since hospital workers or patient visitors with COVID-19 were not included in the definition of NC infection, or were patients with a positive diagnosis less than 15 days prior to their admission. cache = ./cache/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274313-mrvk9r4w author = Li, Hui title = SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2428 sentences = 138 flesch = 44 summary = With evidence collected from autopsy studies on COVID-19 and basic science research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, we have put forward several hypotheses about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis after multiple rounds of discussion among basic science researchers, pathologists, and clinicians working on COVID-19. Whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to directly attack vascular endothelial cells expressing high levels of ACE2, 13 and then lead to abnormal coagulation and sepsis, still needs to be explored. On the basis of observations from COVID-19 patients, we hypothesise that in mild cases, resident macrophages initiating lung inflammatory responses were able to contain the virus after SARS-CoV-2 infection; both innate and adaptive immune responses were efficiently established to curb the viral replication so that the patient would recover quickly. Meanwhile, the direct attack on other organs by disseminated SARS-CoV-2, the immune pathogenesis caused by the systemic cytokine storm, and the microcirculation dysfunctions together lead to viral sepsis (figure). cache = ./cache/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274326-msbdrp3e author = Ren, Xiaohan title = Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4897 sentences = 291 flesch = 46 summary = title: Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 We hypothesized that in critically ill patients, an inflammatory cytokine storm could directly attack specific cells in the kidney and testis due to their high expression of ACE2 and cytokine receptors, leading to injury of the urinary tract. Compared with the control group, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic Infection and Drug Resistance 2020:13 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com DovePress 3979 nephropathy, as well as smokers, exhibited higher expression levels of ACE2 in their affected tissues (kidneys or lungs) ( Figure 3A -D). 48 Considering the high level of IL6 in severe COVID-19 patients and the enrichment of the IL6 receptor in various testicular cells, this might be a reason for the potential orchitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274268-0ucqp3uz author = Chorus, Caspar title = Diabolical dilemmas of COVID-19: An empirical study into Dutch society’s trade-offs between health impacts and other effects of the lockdown date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7804 sentences = 293 flesch = 48 summary = While our study is confined to the Dutch society, and we acknowledge that countries differ widely in terms of their culture, the actions taken by their governments and preferences towards COVID-19 policies [11, 12] , we nonetheless observe that in many other countries, debates are raging that are similar to the one being held in the Netherlands; take for example the heated exchange in the United States of America (e.g., [14] ) between governor Cuomo of New York who emphasizes that avoiding fatalities takes priority and that one cannot weigh a human live against the economic impact of the lockdown, versus president Trump who is keen to re-open the economy and professes that the cure cannot be worse than the disease. This paper presented the results of an empirical study into Dutch society's preferences of COVID-19 related government policies, specifically in terms of the weights attached to various impact-dimensions of such policies. cache = ./cache/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274443-r6ponjr4 author = Lawson, Monica title = Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Consequences of Parental Job Loss on Psychological and Physical Abuse Towards Children date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6893 sentences = 319 flesch = 41 summary = Guided by an ecological approach and the family stress and stress and coping models of child maltreatment, the potential buffering role of parental positive cognitive reframing on the association between parental job loss and psychological maltreatment and physical abuse was evaluated among parents of 4-to 10-year-olds living in the United States. Among parents who lost their jobs because of COVID-19 related economic downturns, the probability of psychologically maltreating and physically abusing their children was anticipated to decrease as positive reframing increased. Consistent with the study hypotheses and prior observations of increased rates of child abuse during economic crises (Brooks-Gunn et al., 2013; Schenck-Fontaine et al., 2017) , the current investigation identified parental job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic as a robust predictor of psychological maltreatment and physical abuse towards children during the pandemic. The finding that positive cognitive reframing served as a protective buffer against the effect of job loss on physical abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic is consistent with our hypothesis and the stress and coping model of child maltreatment. cache = ./cache/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274282-hvx5m2bx author = Liu, Yang title = Association between ages and clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1540 sentences = 86 flesch = 53 summary = This study showed that clinical features and prognosis of the disease vary among patients of different ages and a thorough assessment of age may help clinicians worldwide to establish risk stratification for all COVID-19 patients. However, the ages related clinical characteristics, diseases courses and outcomes other than death in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. A unified observation endpoint date was set (March 7, 2020) in our study, primary outcome of the disease course and second outcome of respiratory failure rate for all COVID-19 patients in both groups were compared. In this study, we demonstrated that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 221 COVID-19 patients were closely related to the different ages. In conclusion, the clinical features and prognosis of the disease vary among patients of different ages and a thorough assessment of age may help clinicians worldwide to establish risk stratification for all COVID-19 patients. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274284-mi4n7xty author = Pang, Khang Wen title = Frequency and Clinical Utility of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 254 flesch = 50 summary = Meta-analysis B included studies if they described the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients and if OD symptoms were explicitly asked in questionnaires or interviews or if smell tests were performed. RESULTS: The pooled frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients (17,401 patients, 60 studies) was 0.56 (0.47–0.64) but differs between detection via smell testing (0.76 [0.51–0.91]) and survey/questionnaire report (0.53 [0.45–0.62]), although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.089). To investigate the estimated frequency of OD amongst COVID-19 patients, meta-analysis B included studies if they described the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients and if smell tests were performed or if OD symptoms were explicitly asked in questionnaires or interviews. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients With severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274491-921orhjg author = Chau, Vinh Q. title = The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1475 sentences = 99 flesch = 45 summary = title: The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support Abstract As health systems worldwide grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, patients on durable LVAD support represent a unique population at risk for the disease. We outline such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by "cytokine storm" with severe ARDS and myocardial injury; and describe the challenges that arose during management. We present such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by "cytokine storm" with severe ARDS and myocardial injury and illustrate clinical considerations that arose during his clinical course. In lieu of absolute values, the relative change in these biomarkers may be more pertinent in grading COVID-19 severity in patients on LVAD support. Immunomodulatory biologics such as tocilizumab are reserved for severe COVID-19 defined by the presence of both worsening respiratory failure and cytokine storm as evidenced by increasing inflammatory markers. cache = ./cache/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274503-9ccgcrvd author = Nasta, Amrit Manik title = Impact of COVID-19 on General Surgical Practice in India date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2157 sentences = 114 flesch = 48 summary = A survey questionnaire was designed and electronically circulated 1 month after India entered a national lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, amongst members of Indian Association of Gastro-intestinal Endo-surgeons (IAGES), a surgical association with nearly eight thousand members from across the country. Amongst the respondents, 41.8% had mainly laparoscopic practice with mean outpatient consultation of 26 patients/day and elective surgeries of 43 cases/month prior to lockdown. Surgeons reported a mean outpatient consultation of 26 patients/day and elective surgeries 42 cases/month prior to lockdown. When asked about future concerns, most surgeons mentioned regarding the future of surgical practice in COVID era (78%), safety in laparoscopy (69%), and safety of staff (59% Fig. 2 Comparison of daily outpatient consultations (OPD) and monthly elective and emergency surgeries prior and postlockdown need for national and international guidelines for addressing these issues. Prior to COVID-19 lockdown in India, 42.2% surgeons in our survey mainly did laparoscopic practice. cache = ./cache/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274510-fo7p98np author = Spadera, Lucrezia title = Potential Role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: lesson learned from HIV date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4050 sentences = 217 flesch = 40 summary = Based on the aforementioned findings and on documented analogies between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV [13] , we hypothesized that the reduced conversion activity of the Gc protein (human groupspecific component (Gc)) into the macrophage activating factor (MAF) could have a key role in the dysregulate immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, just like for HIV infected patients [14] [15] . In particular, based on their antiviral activity [68] , chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, initially conceived as antimalarial therapeutics, were proposed to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19, better if associated to azithromycin, showing promising efficacy in "inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promoting a virus negative conversion and shortening the disease course" [69] [70] . So, in sight of this, given its multifunctional properties, we believe that GcMAF could have a very important role in the pathophysiology of organ damage induced by SARS-CoV-2, providing explanations which are consistent with the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings observed in patients with COVID-19. Effects of vitamin D(3)-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on angiogenesis cache = ./cache/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274459-781by93r author = Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title = Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5466 sentences = 311 flesch = 51 summary = Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274581-mdk7vu36 author = Grande, Giuseppe title = COVID-19 and the Gastrointestinal System: Lesions Beyond the Symptoms? date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1138 sentences = 81 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Grande, Giuseppe; Cocca, Silvia; Russo, Salvatore; Mangiafico, Santi; Caruso, Angelo; Pigò, Flavia; Conigliaro, Rita; Bertani, Helga Although the predominant symptoms of this new coronavirus infection are respiratory, the gastrointestinal tract is also significantly involved. In this short report, we will discuss a new and unexpected clinical presentation related to COVID-19 colonization of upper gastrointestinal tract. Although COVID-19 infection has been recognised as a predominant respiratory syndrome, daily clinical experience and latest studies refer also gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement. 9 We present the patient presented with predominant respiratory symptoms correlated with COVID-19 infection, and the onset of acute dysphagia was unexpected and delayed. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms on patients infected with COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274602-q9i2k304 author = Iqbal, Yousaf title = Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3717 sentences = 231 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: Reports of psychiatric morbidity associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection tend to be limited by geography and patients' clinical status. AIMS: To describe the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction) in referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. 12 Finally, all current studies in hospital settings have restricted themselves to symptomatic patients with COVID-19, although psychiatric consultation-liaison services will also be referred patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 but are physically asymptomatic. The current study aimed to complement existing data by characterising the psychiatric morbidity associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients referred to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. As such it offers a broad clinical picture of the psychiatric problems associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, occurring in a general hospital setting, and including patients who are symptomatic and asymptomatic for COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274339-gj9wjkoo author = Swanson, D. A. title = A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2060 sentences = 119 flesch = 61 summary = title: A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington We go on to show how a confidence interval can be constructed around an estimate of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases constructed from this method, using Whatcom County, Washington as a case study. We conclude with the application of these steps to Whatcom County, Washington to obtain an estimate of its number of positive, unconfirmed cases along with 95% lower and upper confidence limits. In adapting the censal-ratio method to estimate the number of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases, we revise equations [1] and [2] as follows . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20086181 doi: medRxiv preprint Developing a Confidence Interval Swanson and Tayman (2012: 189-191) describe how inferential measures such as the coefficient of variation can be obtained from censal-ratio methods. cache = ./cache/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274470-82nhmusm author = Ricciardi, Gabriella title = Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1302 sentences = 65 flesch = 59 summary = Eventually, due to the inhospital risk of disease transmission, the number of working doctors has been restricted and some providers have been moved to hospital areas in dire need of physicians experienced in caring for critically ill patients. The SOcial MEdia platforms (SoMe), such as LinkedIn or Twitter, provide an excellent example of the unique opportunity of coupling personal professional advancement with up-to-date technological breakthroughs. 5 The role of these networks is undisguised also from the pandemic perspective since they have been used by world-famous iconic surgeons and doctors to popularize educational daily tips in form of "tweets" or short messages about the disease itself, the way it spreads, the measurements to minimize its diffusion and other related virus-issues. To the point, The COVID-19 era is teaching us, as doctors and Residents, that we are scientists before anything else. cache = ./cache/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274494-heu6rmbt author = Pablos, Jose L title = Prevalence of hospital PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3116 sentences = 170 flesch = 36 summary = 10 11 Since timely obtaining methodologically rigorous data on the prevalence of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in our patients under different therapies is challenging at this moment, 8 we have performed an exploratory analysis of the relative prevalence of hospital-diagnosed COVID-19 in large multicentric cohorts of rheumatic patients under follow-up. All aggregated groups of patients with AI/IMID showed higher rates of COVID-19, and analyses of the different groups confirmed increased prevalence in all diagnostic groups but SLE, where it was remarkably lower than those in the other groups and similar to that in the reference population (table 1 and figure 1 ). Our systematic approach identified a significant number of patients with different rheumatic conditions and immunomodulatory therapies with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed diagnosis that allowed us to describe the prevalence of hospital COVID-19 and to identify differences between diagnostic and therapeutic groups. cache = ./cache/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274416-bmvazgj7 author = Trevisanuto, Daniele title = Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3761 sentences = 219 flesch = 49 summary = title: Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan This perspective aims to be a practical support tool for the planning of delivery and neonatal resuscitation of infants born by mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Although it is unlikely that neonates born from SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers require an intensive care management related to the maternal infection [18, 19] , coronaviruses may result in adverse outcomes for the fetus and infant (intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), spontaneous abortion and perinatal death) [16, 17, 25] . Our designated approach for the management of women with suspected or confirmed CO-VID-19 and their infants before, during, and after delivery provides cues to reduce the chance of neonatal infection and therefore potential negative outcomes in the newborn. cache = ./cache/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274498-fa16vl9i author = Ravioli, Svenja title = The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 68 flesch = 55 summary = title: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases We report the first two cases of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis complicating COVID-19 pneumonia. We describe the first two cases of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. On the basis of hypo-osmolar hyponatraemia, a decreased serum urea level of 3.3 mmol/L, normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels together with a high urine osmolality as well as a urine sodium >30 mmol/L in this euvolaemic patient not taking diuretics, the diagnosis of SIADH due to COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 around the world and the resulting disease COVID-19 led to a high number of cases with severe pneumonia. In conclusion, we report the first two cases of SIADH in COVID-19 pneumonia, showing a new complication of this emerging infectious disease. cache = ./cache/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274554-vtg6l651 author = Essadek, Aziz title = Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 846 sentences = 64 flesch = 57 summary = This study evaluates the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of 8004 French students in the East part of France, which has been the first and hardest hit region by the Covid-19 pandemic. This is, to our knowledge, the largest study conducted on mental health of students during the pandemic. A significant proportion of students might require psychological support, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the epidemic and confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Three mental health scales, previously validated in French, were used to measure the level of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9 ≥ 10), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7 ≥ 7) and distress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R ≥ 26). Conclusion: A significant proportion of students probably required psychological support during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the virus and the confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms 10 . cache = ./cache/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274448-lzxhtnfi author = Chua, Alfredo title = Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1654 sentences = 100 flesch = 44 summary = title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) designates topics to each training institution for monthly round-table discussions tackling interesting cases with dilemmas in management. With the ECQ and the temporary closure of the Cancer Institute, the medical oncology training program was essentially put on hold starting the second week of March. Prioritizing the safety of both patients and healthcare providers, continuation of cancer care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has been the overall goal [2] [3] [4] . During discussions, emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274558-1k7bi6ng author = Moiseev, Sergey title = Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 722 sentences = 49 flesch = 56 summary = We investigated the sex-related differences in the occurrence of comorbidities and mortality rates in a nationwide study in 1522 consecutive patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory support. In patients aged 50 years or younger, the mortality rates were similar in males and females (odds ratio [OR] p=0.021), whereas the requirement for mechanical ventilation did not differ between sexes. In all age groups, the occurrence of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity was higher in females than in males, although these differences reached statistical significance only in a proportion of cases (Table 1) . In summary, the mortality rate in the ICU patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was higher in males aged >50 years than in females of similar age. The differences between mortality rates in males and females cannot be explained by comorbidities, given the divergent trends in the occurrence of chronic illnesses that may worsen survival in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274521-u8p5lz9o author = Lee, Abby C. title = Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5720 sentences = 308 flesch = 51 summary = In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Current data indicate that patients who have cardiovascular and chronic respiratory conditions, including those caused by tobacco use, are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms and have significantly increased fatality [1] . The GSE138326 dataset, from Song et al., details gene expression in the bronchial epithelial cells of patients who smoked flavor-less and nicotine-less e-cigs vs. The GSE112073 dataset, from Corbett et al., details gene expression in bronchial cells of patients who smoked nicotine-containing e-cigs of any flavor vs. The upregulation of a significant number of inflammatory cytokines in smokers and nicotine/flavor-containing e-cig users and the association of smoking with IL-1B prompted us to examine inflammasome activation in smokers and e-cig users ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274562-0mtwbwkk author = Olesen, Bente title = Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 609 sentences = 38 flesch = 50 summary = title: Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic We have worked hard at NOH hard to prepare for the pandemic building COVID-19 cohort isolation wards using existing wards, creating new workflows, tripling the available number of intensive care beds, and initiating intensive education of literally all groups of staff. We pride ourselves to be used to a high standard regarding hand hygiene [2] , we are well familiar with the occasional seasonal occurrence of influenza, norovirus, CDIFF and VRE [3] ; However, COVID19 is a new virus and reports of deaths among healthcare staff from Italy, China and Spain are scary reading, especially for front line healthcare personal. Recently the mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak including various remedial actions was reported [4, 5] . Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274668-lh7c9izt author = Wang, Chaofu title = Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4584 sentences = 253 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a serious of clinical symptoms and severe illness, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal organ failure. INTERPRETATION: Infection of Alveolar macrophage by SARS-CoV-2 might be drivers of the "cytokine storm", which might result in damages in pulmonary tissues, heart and lung, and leading to the failure of multiple organs . One case report showed the pathological characteristics of a patient who died from severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by postmortem biopsies. Moreover, type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in alveoli and pulmonary hilum lymphoid tissue were infected by SARS-CoV-2, as revealed by immunohistochemistry using Rp3-NP specific antibodies (Figs. [10] In the case of COVID-19, the viral infection of aggregated alveolar macrophages was obvious from early phase to the late stage, according to our study and the results in recent reports of pulmonary pathology [17, 20] . cache = ./cache/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author = Falavigna, Maicon title = Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6973 sentences = 447 flesch = 44 summary = Summary of the evidence: the systematic review identified three comparative clinical trials with available data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 patients: two open randomized clinical trials (29, 30) in a patient population with mild to moderate disease, and one cohort study. Recommendation 2 -we suggest against the routine use the hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine plus azithromycin combination for treatment of COVID-19 patients (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Recommendation 4 -We suggest the use of empirical oseltamivir treatment in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or flu-like syndrome with risk factors for complications when a diagnosis of influenza cannot be ruled out (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Summary of the evidence -two randomized clinical trials assessed the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274517-9lewc581 author = Litchman, Graham H. title = The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 668 sentences = 53 flesch = 61 summary = 2 The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of 33 the initial impact of COVID-19 on US dermatology outpatient care. Although by 3/16 there were only 24.6k cases 45 nationally 3 , the early-phase decrease in patient volume and office days suggests the magnitude of 46 disease concern impact was greater than actual prevalence. 66.3% of respondents estimated a >50% 48 decrease in patient volume in the coming 2 weeks (18.9% completely closing practices). 50 A greater negative impact was found in US "hotspot" regions 4 (36% of respondentsFigure S1 ) for week 51 3/16-20 for practice days (3.0 hotspots vs. No significant differing telemedicine usage (39.5% hotspots vs 37.2% non-hotspots) or 53 overall for the next 2 weeks was 37.8%. Our findings demonstrate the significant early impact of COVID-19 on US dermatologic care and can help 66 better understand national trends. cache = ./cache/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274542-fpzk5k79 author = Patti, Giuseppe title = Questions and Answers on Practical Thrombotic Issues in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Guidance Document from the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5628 sentences = 239 flesch = 32 summary = UFH should be limited to patients with CrCl < 30 mL/min An invasive "catheter"-based therapy for PE is indicated in selected cases with contraindication to anticoagulant drugs, recurrent events despite adequate anticoagulation, or when systemic fibrinolysis cannot be performed For the risk stratification of patients with VTE, monitoring of the following parameters is useful: troponin, BNP, D-dimer, blood cell count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and degradation products of fibrin After the initial approach, DOACs may represent an option for in-hospital treatment of a VTE episode in patients with clinical stability and decreasing inflammation After a VTE episode, DOACs should represent the therapy of choice at discharge The use of imaging techniques in diagnosing a VTE episode is complex, because of the risk of viral transmission to other patients and to healthcare workers, and must be regulated by specific in-hospital protocols aimed at limiting such risk. cache = ./cache/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274628-xu18zf4l author = Ros, Maxime title = Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3020 sentences = 139 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax® Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. This is also consistent with the social distance requirements to reduce unnecessary close proximity of a formal in-person educational classroom in order to educate and train students as well as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f communication sought to provide COVID-19 healthcare workers/responders a means to rapidly create educational content that can be deployed (i.e., at any time including just before any medical/surgical procedure) adequately, efficiently, and meaningfully to best alleviate the issues faced by hospitals, health-care workers/responders, and patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274816-6xpma224 author = Onal, Merih title = Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children? date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1426 sentences = 76 flesch = 43 summary = Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are important organs of the immune system, and they protect the body from pathogens invading the upper respiratory tract, especially in young children [8] . In a study on patients with hypertrophic adenoid tissue, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections were demonstrated along with high serum myeloperoxidase levels (indicating neutrophil activation), increased serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels (indicating eosinophil activation) and high CD 163 glycoprotein levels (indicating monocyte/macrophage activation) [15] . It is known that human tonsils are immunologically reactive lymphoid organs carrying out humoral and cellular immunity functions as a response to various antigens and displaying B and T cell activity [16] . In the same study, although a difference was expected in tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis groups in terms of the levels of interferons (IFN-a, IFN-b, IFN-c, IL-28, IL-29) , which are cytokines with antiviral activity and whose expression is induced by viral infection, not detected. cache = ./cache/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274545-r03g7w0b author = Ayele Mega, Teshale title = The Outcome of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6277 sentences = 376 flesch = 56 summary = In this open-label non-randomized clinical trial, a total of 20 patients were treated with HCQ at a dose of 200 mg three times daily for 10 days, and the data showed a significant reduction in viral carriage at day 6 post-inclusion compared to controls (70.0% clearance by day 6 vs. e outcomes assessed with double-arm studies include virologic efficacy [8, 20, 21] , clinical efficacy (mortality [4, 8, 13, 14, 30, 31] and disease progression [4, 8, 13, 14, 22, 31, 32] ), safety (risk of adverse effects) [8, [20] [21] [22] , and tolerability and QT prolongation [14, 26, 34] . e data from four controlled clinical trials [8, [20] [21] [22] of 278 COVID-19 patients (141 HCQ and 137 from the non-HCQ group) were included to assess overall adverse effects (except QTc prolongation) among HCQ-exposed patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274513-0biyfhab author = Baumgartner, M. T. title = Assessing the relative contributions of healthcare protocols for epidemic control: an example with network transmission model for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5076 sentences = 249 flesch = 46 summary = In this study, we used an individual-based age-structured network model to assess the effective roles of different healthcare protocols such as the use of personal protection equipment and social distancing at neighborand city-level scales. Our results revealed that the model was more sensitive to changes in the parameter representing the rate of contact among people from different neighborhoods, which defends the social distancing at the city-level as the most effective protocol for the control of the disease outbreak. By varying model parameters related to these protocols, we were able to discuss better scenarios considering the delay in the infection peak and lower numbers of cases, as well as activities with a low potential to boost the outbreak. Given the specified model structure, those results forecasting early wave peaks emerged under moderate to high probabilities of the individual-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus (high β), in combination with higher encountering rates among people (v and k) ( Figure 1 ; Table S1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274778-wds40e6i author = Tejedor, Santiago title = Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7822 sentences = 378 flesch = 52 summary = title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers' Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy's Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Based on the trust placed on the printed media-as the most credible and rigorous media-this research analyzes a total of 72 front pages of the main daily newspapers in Spain and Italy (36 each) . The research, based on previous studies [33] , analyzes a total of 710 news items extracted from 72 front pages of the four main daily newspapers of Spain and Italy (36 per country). Nonetheless, while in Spain it occupies 62% of the front page; in Italy COVID-19 related pieces cover a striking 80% of the information (see Figure 9 ). cache = ./cache/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274702-x032pcwx author = Huang, Yu-Xi title = The database-based strategy may overstate the potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 842 sentences = 43 flesch = 50 summary = Besides literature surveys and chemical methods, the natural product and traditional medicine databases seem to be a popular or efficient tool in the mechanistic investigation of TCM on Table 1 , each of them is flooded with massive information including TCM formulas, herbs, ingredients, targets, diseases, and the details under the corresponding items. Compared with Chinese patent medicines, these TCM formulas/decoctions consist of several or even dozens of herbs without corresponding quality criteria, which may pose a challenge to their quality control and database-based mechanistic investigations. In Chinese clinic, the combination of Chinese and Western medicines is still the mainstream for the treatment of COVID-19, so elucidating the exact role of these TCMs is in urgent demand and the database-based strategy will facilitate the mechanistic investigations of these clinically effective TCMs on COVID-19 to some extent. Databases for Facilitating Mechanistic Investigations of Traditional Chinese Medicines Against COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274632-d9z0m2l8 author = Chenna, Avantika title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1265 sentences = 77 flesch = 46 summary = Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections [1] . Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections [1] . Here, we describe a case of a renal transplant patient who developed COVID-19 and, unfortunately, died from the infection despite all medical management. The illness from COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients ranged from mild to severe, and few patients presented with atypical symptoms [1, 3] . Transplant patients constitute a population more vulnerable to develop COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state and higher risk for opportunistic infections. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? Threatening drug-drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274563-jimw6skv author = Fiumara, Agata title = COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and its Psychological Impact on Patients with Rare Lysosomal Diseases date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3524 sentences = 163 flesch = 50 summary = During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic lockdown, patients with LSDs on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) missed their scheduled access to the Day Hospital to get their treatment. Methods: Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured telephone interview with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the pandemic outbreak was changing their behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and future expectations. Moreover, a striking similarity emerged between the groups regarding forced home reclusion and the profound feeling to be excluded by normal life, well-known to those affected by a chronic rare disease. Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured interview [3, 4] with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the COVID-19 pandemic was changing our patients' behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and their future expectations. cache = ./cache/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author = Chathukulam, Jos title = The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6370 sentences = 305 flesch = 54 summary = On the other hand, there are some relatively poor, so-called under-developed countries and regions, such as Vietnam (The Economist, 2020), Cambodia and the small state of Kerala in India (a state within a state) which have emerged as success stories with a record of early and effective interventions, of controlling the spread of the virus, healing the infected and reducing the death rate. We will especially focus on the state and Kerala's model of an effective and vibrant democracy and "public action" in the words of Dreze and Sen. We argue that while Kerala was blessed with good and efficient leaders during this crisis, the more important factors behind Kerala's success have been robust institutions of state and governance built over many years with the capacity to take timely and effective measures in handling the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274570-dcewfkmi author = Zhang, Xiao-Bo title = Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1252 sentences = 53 flesch = 42 summary = As concerns rose over the potential impacts of such NPI measures on children's health, such as longer exposure to digital screens, irregular sleep pattern, weight gain, and loss of cardiorespiratory fitness [1] , the Chinese Government, experts on public health, educators on school health, and teachers have been making joint and massive efforts to provide distance learning with well-organized online courses to help. How can we cooperate with experts on public health and with educators on school health to perform health communication and to minimize the impact of the pandemic on children's physical and mental health? In the context of such a crisis, as the National Children's Medical Center, we launched a special project, the Child Health Initiative for Children and Adolescents (CHI) (https ://erke-he.51tin gyi.com/home/index ), to provide multidisciplinary support and services on physical and mental health, to perform health communication, and to relieve anxiety and stress. cache = ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274871-jlquvz51 author = Nori, Priya title = Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2205 sentences = 132 flesch = 40 summary = title: Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge We observed bacterial or fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients admitted between March 1 and April 18, 2020 (152 of 4,267, 3.6%). Few studies have addressed bacterial or fungal coinfections or the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Patient demographics, central venous catheter status, ICU status, mechanical ventilation status, imaging, laboratory results, administered antibiotics per days of therapy (DOT), and disposition (admitted, discharged, deceased) were obtained from the electronic medical record. We observed widespread empiric antibiotic use throughout the pandemic and clinically relevant bacterial and fungal coinfections in patients with advanced COVID-19 and multiple risk factors for nosocomial infection (mechanical ventilation, central venous catheters, treatment with corticosteroids or biologics, and prolonged hospitalization). 2,6 Moreover, 79% of coinfected patients received antibiotics in the 30 days preceding positive cultures and 98% received them during the index COVID-19 hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274707-mxh38hwd author = Laureano, Ana Flávia Santarine title = The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3736 sentences = 204 flesch = 50 summary = The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Most rapid tests use colloidal gold particles in a technique known as immunochromatography, also called lateral flow immunoassay, a type of sandwich assay that relies on a pair of antibodies used to recognize two independent epitopes of a protein, and therefore it can achieve high specificity (Zhou et al., 2012) . One of the first rapid tests (lateral flow immunoassay) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM immune responses was developed by professor's Feng Ye group at the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease in Guangzhou, China. Development and Clinical Application of A Rapid IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis cache = ./cache/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274710-ee780qe4 author = Spencer, Robert title = COVID-19 and the young heart: what are we missing? date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1085 sentences = 65 flesch = 47 summary = The same study revealed that having pre-existing cardiovascular disease is associated with more severe progression of the virus and that patients with cardiac injury had a significantly higher likelihood of death compared to those without cardiac injury (51% versus 5%, respectively) [6] . Aside from the cardiac injury potentially caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the exploratory treatments for the virus can pose serious cardiac risks. The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which appears to be associated with COVID-19 and has clinical features resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease, also warrants further investigation. Among these mysteries is how COVID-19 affects children's hearts, how children with cardiac manifestations of the virus can be treated safely, and whether children with complex CHD have worse outcomes. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York state cache = ./cache/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274677-7kcoodyv author = Dobson, Hanna title = Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1696 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = RESULTS: HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. Demographic data were reported, including occupation (senior medial staff, junior medical staff, nursing, allied health, other), gender (male, female, non-binary), age, past psychiatric history and years of experience. The primary outcome was self-reported levels of psychological distress (symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD) experienced during the 2 weeks prior to the survey. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; range 0-27), 10 seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7; range 0-21), 11 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R; range 0-88), 12 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10, range 0-40), 13 and Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI; burnout range 0-40) 14 were used to assess the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, resilience and burnout, respectively. Rates of burnout, depression, anxiety and PTSD differed across the professions sampled; senior medical staff reported the lowest levels of psychological distress. cache = ./cache/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274761-c2hgkbg6 author = Rosenberg, Eli S. title = Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3431 sentences = 178 flesch = 44 summary = SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence was estimated from antibody reactivity by first post-stratification weighting then adjusting by antibody test characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: From the largest US serosurvey to date, we estimated > 2 million adult New York residents were infected through late March, with substantial disparities, although cumulative incidence remained below herd immunity thresholds. Cumulative incidence among non-institutionalized adults, by geographic and demographic features, was estimated from weighted reactivity rates that were adjusted for validated test characteristics. We estimated SARS-Cov-2 cumulative incidence from observed antibody reactivity using two sequential steps: 1) post-stratification weighting to standardize to the New York State population and 2) adjustment by estimated antibody test characteristics. Test-characteristic adjusted cumulative incidence values were multiplied by the one-and two-way non-institutionalized adult populations (e.g. excluding settings such as prisons and nursing homes) from the American Community Survey 2014-2018 Public Use Microdata Sample file [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274715-dcs1rgd0 author = Mani Mishra, Pushpendra title = Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2145 sentences = 121 flesch = 45 summary = Novel coronavirus (NCoV-19), also known as SARS CoV-2, is a pathogen causing an emerging infection that rapidly increases in incidence and geographic range, is associated with the ever-increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and shows sever economic impact worldwide. We are suggesting here a strategy for the COVID-19 treatment that could be effective in curing the patients in the current scenario when no efficient medicine or Vaccine is currently available, and Clinicians solely depend upon the performing trials with drugs with known antiviral activities. If the albumin is used to stabilize and deliver the EGCG and Curcumin for targeting the intracellular virus components in combination with the drug that could block the virus fusion and/or entry to a cell, this strategy might represent an effective way of treating the SARS CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274834-24v2b509 author = Lima, Rosiane title = Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5588 sentences = 268 flesch = 40 summary = Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less clinically apparent, collecting high-quality biospecimens from infants, children, and adolescents in a standardized manner during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to establish a biologic understanding of the disease in the pediatric population. METHODS: A COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was implemented with strategic enrollment guidelines to include patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. Specific questions that must be addressed revolve around the role children play in viral transmission, differences in pediatric viral susceptibility and immune responses, which could guide potential therapies for adults, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the development of severe hyperinflammatory shock and cardiac damage seen in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). In order to capture the full range of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population, a COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was designed and implemented, including patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. cache = ./cache/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274666-0d8oz51l author = Han, Yi title = Lactate dehydrogenase, an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective and observational study date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3807 sentences = 197 flesch = 54 summary = Conclusions: This study showed that LDH could be identified as a powerful predictive factor for early recognition of lung injury and severe COVID-19 cases. To assess the risk factors of the demographics, characteristics, and laboratory indicators on the severity of COVID-19 patients, logistic regression analysis was performed on the parameters of significant difference using t test. Apart from the risk factors above, patient age, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, serum AST, ALT, LDH, Urea, CRP, and D-dimer level were all associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients. As a result, serum lymphocytes (OR:0.2, 95% CI:0.04-0.96, P < 0.05), CRP (OR:1.026, 95% CI:1.006-1.046, P < 0.05), and LDH (OR:1.009, 95% CI:1.002-1.016, P < 0.05) were found to be independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 patients ( Table 3) . And importantly, lymphocytes, especially CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients, which was relevant with serum LDH, were also dynamically correlated with the severity of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274849-awv8sp8m author = Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title = COVID-19 and mortality in doctors date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2191 sentences = 134 flesch = 58 summary = BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 disease appear to have been associated with significant mortality amongst doctors and health care workers globally. Until an effective cure/vaccine is developed, risk assessments at work, mitigating confounding factors, adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enhanced protection against infection are necessary to protect health care professionals on the coronavirus frontline. COVID-19 has caused a huge burden and loss to the world with doctors bearing the brunt of physical burnout, mental stress, occupational risk of infection with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, being the front-line workers. [30] • As such lack of COVID-19 safe facilities, resources, availability of appropriate PPE and lack of uniform application of infection prevention strategies remain cause of concerns and an occupational risk for health care professionals in India. There is lack of uniform database on morbidity and mortality statistics due to COVID-19 amongst doctors and health care workers globally. cache = ./cache/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274860-7ec2jcoq author = Salazar, Eric title = Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4738 sentences = 234 flesch = 47 summary = title: Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG We recently reported results from interim analysis of a propensity-score matched study suggesting that early treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG significantly decreases mortality. In the aggregate, the analysis confirms and extends our previous preliminary finding that transfusion of COVID-19 patients soon after hospitalization with high titer anti-spike protein RBD IgG present in convalescent plasma significantly reduces mortality. In our previous study, interim analysis revealed that, relative to matched controls, patients transfused with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG within 72 hrs of hospital admission had significantly reduced mortality at 28 days post-transfusion. The data confirm our previous findings that transfusion of patients soon after hospital admission with high titer anti-spike protein RBD IgG present in convalescent plasma significantly decreases mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275004-qzg03dvg author = Veras, Flavio Protasio title = SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6380 sentences = 383 flesch = 51 summary = The concentration of NETs was augmented in plasma, tracheal aspirate, and lung autopsies tissues from COVID-19 patients, and their neutrophils released higher levels of NETs. Notably, we found that viable SARS-CoV-2 can directly induce the release of NETs by healthy neutrophils. The well-known similarities between sepsis and key events involved in the COVID-19 pathophysiology, such as cytokine overproduction (Mehta et al., 2020) , microthrombosis (Magro et al., 2020; Dolhnikoff et al., 2020) , and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Lai et al., 2020) , led us to hypothesize that NETs are triggered during SARS-CoV-2 infection and might contribute to tissue injury in COVID-19 patients. In summary, in the present study, we demonstrated that in COVID-19 patients, circulating and lung-infiltrating neutrophils are releasing higher levels of NETs. We also showed that SARS-CoV-2 directly stimulates neutrophils to release NETs in mechanisms dependent on ACE2 and serine protease activity axis and effective viral replication. cache = ./cache/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274862-x580ktas author = Thomaier, L. title = Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2361 sentences = 144 flesch = 52 summary = Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the emotional well-being of oncology providers across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Factors significantly associated with both anxiety and depression included: degree to which COVID-19 has interfered with the ability to provide treatment to cancer patients and concern that patients will not receive the level of care needed for non-COVID-19 illness (all p-values <0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. We sought to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional health of oncology physicians across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Oncology physicians report significant anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274841-rcdoewwv author = Tay, Matthew Zirui title = The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7186 sentences = 383 flesch = 43 summary = Monoclonal antibodies targeting the When severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells expressing the surface receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2, the active replication and release of the virus cause the host cell to undergo pyroptosis and release damageassociated molecular patterns, including ATP, nucleic acids and ASC oligomers. While there are no clinical trials specifically testing these drugs against COVID-19 at the time of writing, when camostat mesylate was tested on SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient, it prevented entry of the virus into lung cells 44, 50 . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeat-derived peptides T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Nature reviews | Immunology coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274918-dkl41b60 author = Kwee, Thomas C. title = The “crisis after the crisis”: the time is now to prepare your radiology department date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1295 sentences = 70 flesch = 43 summary = Radiology departments prepare for the surge of COVID-19 patients by employing policies and procedures to ensure sufficient capacity for continued operation, to support the care of COVID-19 patients, and to maintain radiologic services for the entirety of the hospital and health system [2] . The aim of this communication is to increase awareness about the projected aftermath and consequences of the COVID-19 crisis on a radiology department, and to present possible solutions. In response to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, healthcare providers outside the radiology department are suspending most non-urgent elective care. Advantages of the current COVID-19 crisis for a radiology department, at least ours, are the availability of time to implement solutions and a potentially increased willingness of the entire radiology team to comply with proposed measures compared to measures taken during a non-crisis setting [6] . It was demonstrated how our tertiary care radiology department prepares to process the large reservoir of radiologic procedures after the COVID-19 crisis in a timely manner. cache = ./cache/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274934-s8xppipe author = Gebbia, Vittorio title = Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients’ Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3391 sentences = 185 flesch = 46 summary = PURPOSE: This descriptive investigation was undertaken at three oncology units to report queries, needs, and fears related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) of patients with cancer and to avoid uncontrolled treatment delays or withdrawal, behavioral mistakes, and panic. In this article, we report real-world data and a descriptive analysis of patients' needs and fears as well as of misinformation obtained through the WhatsApp instant messaging system (WM; Facebook, Menlo Park, CA) in daily practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand how patients talk and feel about this potential critical health CONTEXT Key Objective Are instant messaging systems useful to oncologists to care for patients with cancer and to mitigate their anxieties and fears during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) outbreak? Knowledge Generated The WhatsApp instant messaging system is a useful and rapid tool to inform and reassure patients with cancer and to facilitate patient triage in a real-word setting of the pandemic spread of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274966-m2cw8hzb author = Ndiaye, Mor title = Procédure de dépistage d’une infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail structuré africain date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1334 sentences = 104 flesch = 59 summary = En effet la riposte contre l'infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail formel africain doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le dispositif national et comprendre : l'installation au niveau de chaque entreprise d'une cellule de gestion de la riposte bien articulée avec le comité d'hygiène et de sécurité du travail ; la sensibilisation et formation des partenaires sociaux sur les aspects liés à la connaissanceet les moyens de prévention de l'infection ; la mise en route d'une procédure de dépistage et d'un circuit pour les cas détectés ; l'évaluation et le suivi de l'impact psychosocial et économique de l'infection. En effet la riposte contre l'infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail formel africain doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le dispositif national et comprendre : -l'installation au niveau de chaque entreprise d'une cellule de gestion de la riposte bien articulée avec le comité d'hygiène et de sécurité du travail ; -la sensibilisation et formation des partenaires sociaux sur les aspects liés à la connaissance et les moyens de prévention de l'infection ; -la mise en route d'une procédure de dépistage et d'un circuit pour les cas détectés ; -l'évaluation et le suivi de l'impact psychosocial et économique de l'infection. cache = ./cache/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275041-fcdwitxy author = Ayerbe, Luis title = The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3258 sentences = 171 flesch = 50 summary = The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, heparin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Using limited evidence and clinical experience, doctors have treated COVID-19 patients with different drugs to eliminate or reduce the presence of the virus, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) [9] [10] [11] [12] . The association between treatment with HCQ and mortality was examined with four different logistic regression models: model one was adjusted for age and gender; model two included age and gender, together with temperature > 37 °C, and saturation of oxygen < 90% on admission, which were both associated with mortality in an exploratory analysis; model three had all the variables previously mentioned together with treatment with azithromycin, steroids, heparin, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir; finally, to account for the change in clinical management during the study period, model four was adjusted for all the previously mentioned demographic, clinical severity measures, and drugs, together with a categorical variable for date of admission (before the 10th of March, 11-20th of March, 20-31st March, 1st-10th of April, and 11-20th of April). cache = ./cache/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274824-kaefedl1 author = Turski, Waldemar A. title = AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the “Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:” a translational review and therapeutic perspectives date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5928 sentences = 284 flesch = 36 summary = as pro viral factor TiPARP, and to the modulation of cytokine gene expression, specifically, interleukin 1␤ (IL-1␤), IL-10, and TNF-␣ ( Fig. 1) , which is consistent with the role for AhR activation in the host response to CoV infection Grunewald, Shaban, Mackin, Fehr, & Perlman, 2020; Neavin, Liu, Ray, & Weinshilboum, 2018) . Since CoV persistently activate AhRs, this may lead to up-regulation of multiple sets of downstream effectors resulting in different pathologies (Fig. 2) depending on time after infection, individuals overall state of health, comorbidities, and environmental factors affecting AhRs. We believe it is therefore appropriate to describe this disease as a systemic AhR activation syndrome (SAAS), which can manifest in an acute (current pandemic), and perhaps later, in a chronic form, in survivors. cache = ./cache/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author = Varghese, Praveen Mathews title = Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19657 sentences = 1033 flesch = 42 summary = Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from COVID-19 patients have also revealed considerable insights into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, co-receptors, immune responses, as well as risk factors for severe disease e.g. age and co-morbidities. Furthermore, treatment with a recombinant C5a antibody on 2 male COVID-19 patients aged 54 and 67 years showed significant benefit in suppressing complement hyperactivation, which contributes to the excessive immune response causing aggravated inflammatory lung injury, a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lethality (242) . Consistent with endothelial injury, the significantly elevated levels of von Willebrand factor found in the patient with severe COVID-19 has led to the idea that the infection of the ACE2 expressing endothelium by SARS-CoV-2 induces injury and activates the complement , which sets up a feedback loop that maintains a state of inflammation (243, (268) (269) (270) . Initial clinical studies in China involving 100 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, who were treated with Chloroquine, showed amelioration of pneumonia, shortened disease progression, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and a better virus-negative conversion (313, 314) . cache = ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275090-2gwv0vbs author = Odone, Anna title = The first 10,000 COVID-19 papers in perspective: Are we publishing what we should be publishing? date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 857 sentences = 63 flesch = 59 summary = They were published between 20th January and 7th May 2020, with an average of nearly 100 new papers added every day, published in 1881 different scientific journals. Later in February 2020, a more detailed list of research priorities was identified as essential to inform effective public health responses to COVID-19 3 . In March, the Science Translational Medicine Editorial framed key questions for pandemic prevention, identifying selected pathogen-and society-based variables to be measured 4 . As scientific output around COVID-19 evolves over time, we find, consistent with other efforts that are systematically monitoring the literature 5 , both poor adherence to identified research priorities, and a predominance of opinion over data. More than 60% of published papers on COVID-19 are opinion pieces not reporting original data. Overall, the question remains: has the surge in scientific publication around COVID-19 been a positive, or a negative, for science? How would he react to so few published papers on COVID-19 report original data? cache = ./cache/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author = Hensel, D. J. title = Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5059 sentences = 260 flesch = 51 summary = Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. 10 Individuals who are well-educated about COVID-19, 9 including transmission and prevention information, may feel empowered to participate in partnered sex particularly if they perceive that knowledge makes them "low risk." 4 Finally, COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as social distancing and recommended hygiene (e.g., hand washing), could impact how people approach sex. 3, 6, 16 The purpose of the current paper is to characterize the past month self-reported sexual changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, and understand how those changes are associated with structural, mental health, and COVID-associated risk perception and knowledge. cache = ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275068-yr076sl6 author = Ayoub, Fares title = Football and COVID-19 risk: correlation is not causation date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 446 sentences = 30 flesch = 56 summary = A recent 8 genome wide association analysis (GWAS) has implicated that blood group A patients had a higher risk 9 of severe COVID-19 compared to other blood types,[3] while other studies have found associations 10 between vitamin D levels/latitude, and Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine and mortality to 11 COVID-19. [4] Based on the results of these studies, shall we tell our blood group A patients to stay home 12 or tell everyone to take vitamin D or get vaccinated with BCG? [5] Low vitamin D levels have often been associated with a 16 higher risk of infections, but vitamin D supplementation has not been shown to prevent respiratory 17 1 impact journals during the pandemic, but it is important to remember that correlation does not equal 2 causation. cache = ./cache/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275071-2uiaruhg author = Balmford, Ben title = Cross-Country Comparisons of Covid-19: Policy, Politics and the Price of Life date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11181 sentences = 594 flesch = 59 summary = Linking decisions over the timing of lockdown and consequent deaths to economic data, we reveal the costs that national governments were implicitly prepared to pay to protect their citizens as reflected in the economic activity foregone to save lives. Accepting that they are a conservative estimate of the total impact of the pandemic, officially attributed Covid-19 deaths are used to investigate the price of life implied by lockdown policies. However, as far as we are aware, ours is the first study to use the SEIR modelling framework to examine the effects of lockdown timing across multiple countries in the same study, and the first to combine these results with financial forecasts to obtain cross-country implied price of life estimates. Table 5 shows that for those countries which under-report Covid-19 deaths, implied price of life is substantially reduced, highlighting once again that earlier lockdowns would have increased social welfare tremendously. cache = ./cache/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275185-9br8lwma author = Zeng, Hao title = The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6613 sentences = 360 flesch = 53 summary = Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and indicators for liver function. Herein, we performed a retrospective observational study involving eight critical or severe patients with COVID-19 from four designated hospitals in the southwest region of China, aiming to explore the potential efficacy and safety of CP therapy, and to provide more evidence for the quality control of donated plasma and reasonable clinical application of CP transfusion. 23 Assessing the effects of neutralizing activity of CP on the patients' clinical efficacy, we found that patients treated by CP with high NAT50 (>1:640) had more obvious improvement than patients receiving low NAT50 value (≤1:640) of CP, including shorter negative conservation time of viral RNA, and higher increment of IgG level after CP transfusion. cache = ./cache/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275136-7atkrkhd author = Dolin, Raphael title = Remdesivir — An Important First Step date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 996 sentences = 49 flesch = 46 summary = have provided in the Journal the first report of an effective treatment for Covid-19, resulting from a rigorously designed and conducted clinical trial. On May 1, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir to treat adults and children with severe Covid-19. However, the effect on time to recovery was observed largely in patients who entered the study in the severe disease stratum (12 days in remdesivir recipients, as compared with 18 days in placebo recipients). The findings in the trial suggest that the timing of initiation of treatment with an antiviral such as remdesivir, as well as the underlying clinical status of the patient, may have important effects on the outcomes of therapy. In an accompanying article by Goldman et al., investigators studied the effects of remdesivir on Covid-19 outcomes when treatment was given for 5 days as compared with 10 days. shows that remdesivir provides moderate clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275028-u6s0gr31 author = Karos, Kai title = The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4260 sentences = 239 flesch = 41 summary = 48 In this review, we draw attention to the potential for social and systemic changes associated with attempts to contain the spread of COVID-19 to precipitate, maintain, and exacerbate pain by increasing the social threats faced by individuals with chronic pain ( ½F1 Fig. 1 ). Although pain management is a fundamental right, 23 the health system responses to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 may significantly affect access for patients with complex medical conditions (eg, people with comorbid mental health conditions and addiction) and widen existing inequities in relation to pain management for socially disadvantaged populations. Crucially, COVID-19 should not only be regarded as a challenge but also as a unique opportunity for researchers and clinicians to develop new ways to deliver social support and pain management, as well as understand the impact of social adjustment among individuals with chronic pain. cache = ./cache/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275110-safr9z37 author = Alexander, Paul Elias title = COVID-19 research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3337 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = At this time, more than ever, the high-quality, robust, comparative evidence from ethical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is urgently needed to assess patient-important outcomes, including mortality, morbidity, need for life support, safety, and toxicity, informing on the safe use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (with and without azithromycin) in people with COVID-19. This issue of potential harmful effects and the urgent need for high-quality, methodologically robust studies also comes from a recent pre-publication (not yet peer-reviewed) of in vitro activity of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in combination with metformin (used in treatment of type 2 diabetes to lower blood sugar in humans) in mice (25) . The use of existing drug treatments such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine outside of current guidelines and recommendations may result in adverse effects, including serious illness and death, affect patients with other diseases who may benefit from its use, and hinder the ability to conduct clinical trials if there are high demands to sue these agents by clinicians and patients. cache = ./cache/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275038-zu6xmuql author = Bronte, V. title = Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5685 sentences = 285 flesch = 49 summary = Indeed, we demonstrate a significant reduction in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1{beta} and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a rapid recovery in circulating T and B cell frequencies and an increased antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in baricitinib-treated patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 doi: medRxiv preprint time the interstitial lung involvement was more frequent and extensive in patients enrolled in baricitinib group compared to patients in the control cohort, the possible clinical benefit on the lung induced by baricitinib treatment was speculated (data not shown). In order to evaluate the downstream molecular targets of baricitinib activity, we first demonstrated that patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia expressed phosphorylated Tyr705 in STAT3 (p-STAT3) in different leukocyte subsets (Supplemental Figure 1A) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 doi: medRxiv preprint Notably, in both untreated and baricitinib-treated patients, there was an expansion of monocytes at day 7, which probably reflects a common COVID-19 evolution (Supplemental Figure 2D ), as recently published (11) . cache = ./cache/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275228-952w7vx5 author = Sharma, Yuvraj title = COVID-19–Associated Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Report of 2 Cases date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2102 sentences = 125 flesch = 33 summary = We report 2 African American patients who developed acute kidney injury and proteinuria in temporal association with COVID-19 infection. Kidney biopsy specimens showed collapsing glomerulopathy, endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, and acute tubular injury, without evidence by electron microscopy or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in situ hybridization of viral infection of kidney cells. 3, 4 We describe 2 African American patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with acute kidney injury and proteinuria. The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection varies from 3% to 29% and is a negative prognostic marker. The temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the presence of endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, in the absence of any known autoimmune or other identified viral causes in our patients, strongly favor that COVID-19 infection has mediated collapsing glomerulopathy. Acute kidney injury due to collapsing glomerulopathy following COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275111-38hgg0jz author = Kumar, Abhishek title = Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2300 sentences = 171 flesch = 60 summary = title: Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients AIM: To analyse the liver function in patients with COVID-19 and their association with respect to age, sex, severity of disease and clinical features. 91 patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study and divided into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe groups. CONCLUSION-Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is more prevalent in the severe disease group. CONCLUSION-Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is more prevalent in the severe disease group. In this study, we aimed to analyse the liver function abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and their association with respect to age, sex, severity of disease and clinical features. [16, 21, 22] In our study, the levels of AST and ALP between different groups of disease severity was highly significant which is consistent with a previous report. cache = ./cache/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275216-dnt88ycw author = Zhang, Xue-Yan title = Biological, clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS and AutoDock simulation of ACE2 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4893 sentences = 259 flesch = 51 summary = This review is intended to summarize the research on this new coronavirus, to analyze the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and to provide guidance regarding new methods of prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment based on autodock simulations. Given that the epidemic is still spreading and the evidence that there are similarities among the three coronaviruses in terms of their biological, clinical and epidemiological features, a comparison among the three is very helpful to guide the improvement of treatment and prevention measures, and the similarities and differences among the three are likely to provide the key to addressing the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2002-2003, SARS-CoV caused an epidemic of severe acute respiratory diseases in China; MERS-CoV was found in the Middle East in 2012 [9, 10] . cache = ./cache/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275214-mqvw0219 author = Burlacu, Alexandru title = Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1019 sentences = 70 flesch = 39 summary = title: Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? presented a recent study (published in August 2020 in the Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis), a comprehensive review of the COVID-19 induced coagulopathy with its particular traits, the specificity of thromboembolic events and potential therapeutic interventions. In this particular context, the authors underline that the conventional clinical assessment of the risk of thrombotic events may not be efficient due to disease's particular evolution. Three days before the neurological event, the patient presented with mild respiratory symptoms erroneously interpreted as a non-COVID-19 pulmonary infection. We strongly suspect that subtle genetic risk factors for thrombotic events may influence the COVID-19 course, might hold the key to understanding the significant heterogeneity of COVID-19 manifestations, and may prove useful in assessing the COVID-19 patients' risk for thrombosis and severe disease. Unpuzzling COVID-19 prothrombotic state: are preexisting thrombophilic risk profiles responsible for heterogenous thrombotic events? cache = ./cache/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275202-zq4vvini author = Vu, David title = Three unsuspected CT diagnoses of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1699 sentences = 91 flesch = 55 summary = CONCLUSION: Using imaging characteristics of COVID-19 on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 infection can be quarantined earlier to limit exposure to others. Each patient had suspicious imaging findings for COVID-19, which prompted the interpreting radiologist to suggest that the clinical team test for COVID-19. Two days later, the patient was notified that he had tested positive for COVID-19 and was directed to remain isolated and to return to the emergency room if any acute respiratory symptoms developed. Using pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass or nodular opacities in a predominantly peripheral distribution on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 can be placed into isolation at the hospital earlier and be instructed to stay quarantined until the test results come back, limiting exposure to others. cache = ./cache/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275191-lgze4zex author = Al-Sadeq, Duaa W. title = The incidence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic patients: a systematic review date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3287 sentences = 221 flesch = 48 summary = AIM: this study aims to systematically review the published literature on SARS-CoV-2 in the asymptomatic patients to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic cases, as well as describe its epidemiological and clinical significance. The following inclusion criteria were used in study selection: (i) published in a peerreviewed journal, letters, case reports, and commentaries (ii) articles studying the COVID-19 infection in asymptomatic patients, and (iii) articles published in English or at least with an abstract in English. No exclusion criteria were followed unless the studies did not report the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients, published in a non-English language, or do not have full-text access. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. cache = ./cache/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275243-knr3mat0 author = Larsen, Kevin title = Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1670 sentences = 103 flesch = 53 summary = title: Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island All returning travelers to Reunion Island with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and were included in the cohort. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the only study that has consecutively evaluated the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. Returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 should be systematically screened for pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis regardless of the level of D-dimers. cache = ./cache/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275142-40rf3ugf author = Slater, Sandy J. title = Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2352 sentences = 124 flesch = 48 summary = title: Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics Yet public health entities, such as the American Public Health Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have stressed the importance of staying physically active while sheltering in place during COVID-19, which includes visiting parks and green space (5) . With the closure of schools, fitness facilities, and other community places for recreation, local streets, parks, trails, and open green spaces are the only places available for physical activity outside of the home environment (6) . If park, trail, and playground patrons remain appropriately physically distant, do not engage in lengthy conversations with nonhousehold members, and wear a protective face mask, their risk of contracting COVID-19 by exercising outdoors is low, making parks and green spaces safe places to be physically active during a pandemic (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275238-5fledjac author = Gandolfini, Ilaria title = COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 481 sentences = 30 flesch = 51 summary = In Northern Italy, where the current prevalence of confirmed cases has surpassed in some areas 2 per 1,000 people, kidney transplant patients are getting infected and starting to develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2 Herein, we report the outcomes of two deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Hospital of Parma (Parma, Italy), between March 2 and 12, 2020. At In kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who develop extensive pneumonia, which may require intubation, our current therapeutic approach includes stopping the immunosuppressive therapy (using steroids as the only antirejection drugs) to help promote the specific anti-viral immune response. Therefore, IL-6 targeting therapies are being proposed to control acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; currently being tested in a randomized trial in China; ChiCTR2000029765). Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with long-term immunosuppression Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome cache = ./cache/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275152-8if8shva author = Olum, R. title = Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2485 sentences = 158 flesch = 54 summary = title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. In this study, we explored the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students (MS) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Uganda. Majority of the medical students recognised television, radios and social media as the most useful tools for dissemination of information of COVID-19, Figure 2 . The purpose of the study was to assess the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. This is the first study in sub-Saharan Africa assessing social media usage and perceived usefulness of various media for health campaigns during COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, we have been able to show that social media can be robustly used to collect research data among medical students and health care professionals with high response rates. cache = ./cache/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275260-xuhxqkyj author = Sardu, Celestino title = Hyperglycaemia on admission to hospital and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1203 sentences = 67 flesch = 46 summary = The analysis of the data obtained on a very large population (1317 patients) provided important information, highlighting a role for BMI in disease severity, but did not correctly interpret the data on the role of hyperglycaemia at admission to hospital. Moreover, increased plasma glucose on admission to hospital was associated with poorer outcomes in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 [2] [3] [4] . To investigate the role of early glycaemic control in the outcomes of patients with COVID-19, we studied 132 consecutive hospitalised hyperglycaemic patients with moderate disease, admitted to Infectious diseases departments (Vanvitelli University, Naples Italy; San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital, Caserta, Italy). Fig. 1 (a) Blood glucose levels on admission to hospital and after 24 h for patients with (n = 60) and without severe disease (n = 72) at 20 days after hospitalisation. cache = ./cache/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275264-bdtet83d author = Lee, Jong-Koo title = We Cannot Go Back to the Old World, Before Global Pandemic Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Developing New Normal Practices in Society date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 663 sentences = 43 flesch = 57 summary = COVID-19 spread to Korea within 2 weeks, and during the quarantine process on January 20 th , the first patient was identified. In the public health weekly report, over 90% of patients with COVID-19 did not need intubation with oxygen, and the spread between families was about 6 times higher than the spread among non-family members [1] . Therefore, whether or not China's Wuhan fish market is the main area is still controversial, but is believed to be spread However, currently there's no silver bullet and there may never be one, so for now, stopping COVID-19 outbreaks comes down to the basics of public health and disease control [4] . In many countries, essential services have been damaged due to paralysis of transportation facilities, closure of medical institutions, and a reduction in the number of individuals using these facilities due to COVID-19 lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275272-qdg8sqpy author = Soares-Júnior, José Maria title = Gynecology and women’s health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patient safety in surgery and prevention date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2038 sentences = 132 flesch = 45 summary = In this context, based on a recent publication regarding patient safety in elective surgeries (9) (10) (11) , as well as on the law of access to treatment and laws related to women's health care (23, 24) , we propose the inclusion of gynecological surgery cases, stratified as follows ( Figure 1 ): Emergency (o1h): Peritonitis by tubo-ovarian and/or pelvic abscess, necrotizing fasciitis in surgeries for pelvic and breast neoplasms; DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2063 Urgent (o24h): Postoperative infections, acute inflammatory abdomen (adnexal tortoise, myoma tortoise, ovarian cysts), hemorrhagic conditions (ovarian cysts); Elective urgent (o2 weeks): Surgeries for neoplasms of the lower genital tract and breast previously diagnosed by pathological examination; Essential Elective (42 to o3 months): Hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding (unknowledge causes, suspected malignancy, and menopausal transition), postmenopausal bleeding (suspected malignancy), cervical conization or looped electro excision procedure (to exclude neoplasm in the lower genital tract); Non-essential/elective surgery: Infertility procedures, family planning procedures (bilateral tubal ligation procedure). cache = ./cache/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275266-e6omvo5x author = Kort, Nanne P title = Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5308 sentences = 259 flesch = 47 summary = 7, 8 These economic factors will influence the decision to re-start elective total joint Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. This specific, informed consent (IC) for elective surgery in times of COVID-19 requires further discussion with the patient about higher risk of virus transmission including from healthcare workers, the long incubation period (up to 14 days), the variable nature of the disease from mild to fatal, and discussions regarding ceilings of care and the potential need for ventilation. In this challenging time, when reinstating elective surgery in a risky scenario with limited resources, surgeons have the responsibility to follow a shared decision-making process with the patient that includes an understanding of the legal aspects of complications, and COVID-19 specific, informed consent. cache = ./cache/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275253-6pwqa8zk author = Shetty, Sameep S title = 10 “C” in COVID19 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 911 sentences = 58 flesch = 49 summary = The contrast in the degree of hypoxia ("silent hypoxia") and the pattern of infections in high-risk individuals who are unable to mount a stable immune response with modest symptoms explains the lethal spectrum of the novel coronavirus. In contrast, initial data on the role of ACE inhibitors augmenting the onset of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection has discouraged their use and triggered the onset of severe cardiovascular events 7,8 . Covid19 in high risk individuals display severe respiratory symptoms, multi organ involvement and may require a long term rehabilitation as in a chronic disease. SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threat for patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer The oral surgery response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275274-ptgcd6tm author = Boon, Ian S. title = Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1450 sentences = 90 flesch = 37 summary = title: Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 has altered oncology workflow, patient care, medical education and research. Initial small case series from China showed possible increased risks to cancer patients 1 and significant oncology practice changes were implemented based on this in an abundance of caution by clinicians expecting healthcare disruptions. 4, 5 All practitioners must recognise uncertainties in making treatment decisions with cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 14 Virtual conferences that have been adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic have been effective in providing continuing professional development and medical education. There are lessons to be learnt from this pandemic and effective mitigation strategies should be shared within the radiation oncology community for the benefit of our patients. The response of the UK clinical oncology community to the COVID-19 pandemic Continuing medical student education during the COVID19 pandemic: development of a virtual radiation oncology clerkship cache = ./cache/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275261-t39kofet author = Ghosal, Samit title = Prediction of the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 5–6 weeks date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1181 sentences = 93 flesch = 66 summary = Abstract Introduction and Aims: No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. Conclusion According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts 102 expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts 102 expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. cache = ./cache/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275257-upj8mvzn author = Hwang, E. Shelley title = Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8495 sentences = 389 flesch = 40 summary = Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel provides perspectives on: (1) creating a safe environment for surgical oncology care, (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions, (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing, (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy, (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization, and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275340-q8d7rvnj author = Sun, JingKang title = Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6629 sentences = 285 flesch = 47 summary = CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. The authors deemed that the anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose HCQ and the activity of inhibiting viral replication may have important significance in critically ill patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275277-q0eghbna author = Zou, Huachun title = How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1944 sentences = 92 flesch = 42 summary = In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for surveillance and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown causes (PUC). In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for detecting and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown cause (PUC). Once SARS-CoV2 had been identified as the cause of these cases of PUC, the Shenzhen CDC laboratory coordinated with national healthcare authorities to obtain approval to conduct confirmatory testing locally and directed the city's 39 influenza surveillance network laboratories to convert their existing infrastructure to test for SARS-CoV2. Ten working groups were formed (epidemic monitoring, laboratory and diagnostics, sanitization, logistics, information dissemination, medical observation, risk assessment, biosafety management, scientific research, and command and control), and 720 public health personnel were mobilized to conduct case finding and contact tracing for each new confirmed case of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275336-lnhkux0m author = Marino Gammazza, Antonella title = Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1935 sentences = 104 flesch = 41 summary = title: Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19 disease, has the potential to elicit autoimmunity because mimicry of human molecular chaperones by viral proteins. We compared viral proteins with human molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, to determine if they share amino acid-sequence segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential, which can elicit cross-reactive antibodies and effector immune cells with the capacity to damage-destroy human cells by a mechanism of autoimmunity. We identified the chaperones that can putatively participate in molecular mimicry phenomena after SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on those for which endothelial cell plasma-cell membrane localization has already been demonstrated. We compared the amino acid sequences of all the SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the sequences of human chaperones to determine if they share segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential that might be causing autoimmunity. cache = ./cache/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275353-ezrmuw48 author = Donma, Mustafa Metin title = The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2510 sentences = 156 flesch = 42 summary = Compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Leptin's role in boosting proinflammatory cytokines and in appetite decreasing suggest the possible beneficial effect of decreasing the concentration of this proinflammatory adipose tissue hormone in relieving some symptoms detected during COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature. It is a well-known fact that immune dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progress of several diseases and this functional food may contribute to the prevention and treatment of pathologies such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, gastric ulcer, and even cancer [17, 18] . Decreased leptin concentrations caused by garlic may be helpful to alleviate appetite loss observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275438-drywzvx8 author = Satış, Hasan title = Prognostic value of interleukin-18 and its association with other inflammatory markers and disease severity in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3539 sentences = 212 flesch = 46 summary = Serum IL-18 levels were remarkably higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects with being highest in severe pneumonia group (p < 0.001). According to the disease course, COVID-19 patients may be roughly divided into two groups; asymptomatic or mild cases that usually recover and severe cases that develop multi organ failure, primarily respiratory failure, requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission [5, 6] . In this study, we found that both IL-6 and serum IL-18 concentrations are remarkably increased in patients with COVID-19 and correlated with other inflammatory markers and disease severity. There are differences in cytokine production among COVID-19 patients, such as men are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than women and children, in whom it could present as Kawasaki disease [29, 30] , as well as serum cytokine levels tend to be higher in men explaining their worse prognosis [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275350-m1rv2i11 author = Maserat, Elham title = COVID-19 & an NGO and university developed interactive portal: a perspective from Iran date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 164 flesch = 42 summary = Thus, considering the benefits of the health portal and its critical role in information interaction and the lack of electronic context for the communication of the various tools that have been provided to manage and monitor COVID-19, we offered this platform in the interactive portal of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research institutes, and universities. NGOs, under the supervision of and in participation with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences' Center for Social Factors Research in COVID-19 Management Division of this portal, separated classified information into two sections of informatics and services. NGOs, under the supervision of and in participation with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences' Center for Social Factors Research in COVID-19 Management Division of this portal, separated classified information into two sections of informatics and services. The interactive portal developed by the NGOs and university is accessible to the general public, patients, service providers, and, importantly, policymakers and presents educational and medical research information to all users. cache = ./cache/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275349-b35pt3mo author = Lenz, Heinz-Josef title = The Emergence of Baricitinib: A Story of Tortoises Versus Hares date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1403 sentences = 63 flesch = 37 summary = The artificial intelligence algorithms predicted that baricitinib would inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of cells [2] , (an effect later confirmed in human liver spheroids) [3] , combined with its better-known anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, the combined potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of this dually acting drug could be ideal for halting the progression of the disease in hospitalized patients, when taken for a limited duration. This new paper in the journal extends the previous published reports of baricitinib treatment in mild-tomoderate COVID19 patients and provides further evidence that baricitinib could be a potential treatment for unwell hospitalized patients with this disease, independent of severity. One would be advised to remain vigilant of such signals reflecting thromboembolic or infection risk in randomized controlled trials testing a variety of immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19 patients, either alone or in combination, especially in view of associations between clots and SARS-CoV-2 infection [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275319-j36gnu0e author = Joob, B. title = COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 443 sentences = 37 flesch = 54 summary = Sir, COVID-19 is a new emerging coronavirus infection that has spread to several countries [1] . Thailand is a country in Indochina that has experienced many imported cases of this new disease [2] . Here we describe our experience of COVID-19 amongst HCWs in Thailand. At the time of writing (21 st February 2020), there were 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Thailand, including one HCW. The HCW had contact with a patient with COVID-19 who had been diagnosed with dengue at the time. Indeed, it is now known that some patients with COVID-19 do not have fever or respiratory symptoms at the time of presentation [3] . Emerging new coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China: situation in early 2020 Imported cases of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Thailand: mathematical modelling of the outbreak Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275303-8mj8gjv9 author = Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo title = Modeling the role of respiratory droplets in Covid-19 type pandemics date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8014 sentences = 508 flesch = 59 summary = In the second part, we have emulated the respiratory droplets responsible for disease transmission as salt solution droplets and computed their evaporation time, accounting for droplet cooling, heat and mass transfer, and finally, crystallization of the dissolved salt. As such, the evaporation mechanism of respiratory droplets are laced with complexities stemming from droplet aerodynamics, initial droplet cooling, heat transfer, mass transfer of the solvent and solute, respectively, and finally, crystallization of the solute-a phenomenon known as efflorescence. In this paper, a model for the infection rate constant based on collision theory incorporates the evaporation physics of respiratory droplets, ab initio. Recognizing that the ejected droplets during the respiratory event is surrounded by this dynamically evolving air volume and that the motion of the droplets will be strongly coupled due to the aerodynamic drag, we first model the surrounding air in two parts using the analytical results of the turbulent jet and puff, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275370-bt45gnqk author = Arellano-Cotrina, Josabet Johana title = Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3791 sentences = 216 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of this investigation was to identify, synthesize, and compare all the current information on the efficacy of dental masks, emphasizing their use, types, and filters to prevent the spread and infection of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. 13, 14 The WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend a series of fundamental preventive measures, such as protective equipment for health personnel during the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, one of the most effective being masks. 16, 17 Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and synthesize all the current information comparing the efficacy of dental masks, to increase our knowledge about the correct use of different types of masks and filters to prevent the spread and contagion of the COVID-19 virus and other infectious diseases. Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275334-0689o76n author = Amewu, Sena title = The Economic Costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a Simulation Exercise for Ghana date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7073 sentences = 312 flesch = 49 summary = Social Accounting Matrix multiplier model results show that Ghana's urban lockdown, although in force for only three weeks in April 2020, has likely caused GDP to fall by 27.9% during that period, while an additional 3.8 million Ghanaians temporarily became poor. SAM multiplier models are ideally suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand-or supply-side economic shocks such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through capturing the complex linkages between various economic sectors as well as household employment and consumption patterns, SAM multiplier models can be used to simulate the direct and indirect effects of economic shocks on domestic production, value-added (GDP), employment, and household income and poverty. Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier models are ideally suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand-or supply-side economic shocks, such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (Breisinger et al. cache = ./cache/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275391-dmfacaua author = Liu, Yuan title = Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2751 sentences = 155 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: In this study, an online non-probability sample survey was used to anonymously investigate the anxiety and depression symptoms among medical staff under the COVID-19 outbreak. PHEIC was defined as "Unusual events that pose public health risks to other countries through the international spread of disease and may require a coordinated international response." As of 11 February, a total of 1716 medical staff were confirmed to have COVID-19 infections in mainland China, accounting for 3.8% of all confirmed cases (The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, 2020). Significantly higher proportions of self-reported anxiety or depression symptoms were found in investigated medical staff with the following characteristics: nurse, junior college or below, living alone, never/almost never getting help from friends, never/almost never getting care from neighbours, never confiding their troubles to others and higher stress. cache = ./cache/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275381-343y0bsh author = Guella, Adnane title = Favorable Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Treated with Tocilizumab date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1666 sentences = 105 flesch = 54 summary = We report a kidney transplant patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia whose condition worsened 9 days after the initial presentation. Data from a recent large series show that clinical, biological, and radiological presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients are similar to those of the general population although the course of the disease may be more severe [1, 2] . Here, we share our experience with the successful management of a kidney transplant recipient whose COVID-19 pneumonia worsened 9 days after the initial presentation. In conclusion, we presented in this paper our approach in managing COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant patient and showed the favorable impact of tocilizumab in the management. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine cache = ./cache/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275584-zeqax0il author = Mahil, S. K. title = Risk mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory joint and skin disease during the COVID-19 pandemic differ by treatment type: a cross-sectional patient survey date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4056 sentences = 241 flesch = 47 summary = Objectives Registry data suggest that people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving targeted systemic therapies have fewer adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared to patients receiving no systemic treatments. Global clinician-reported registry data in rheumatic diseases, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease have further suggested a differential risk of severe COVID-19 associated with different treatment types. We focused on RMDs and psoriasis as representative IMIDs and used global self-report survey data to explore the notion that individuals receiving different types of treatment exhibit distinct risk mitigating behaviours in the pandemic. Self-reported data from 3,720 individuals with a primary diagnosis of RMD (851, 22.9%) or psoriasis (2869, 77.1%) were available from 74 countries (including UK (2,578, 69.4%), Portugal (200, 5.4%), USA (165, 4.5%)) (demographic/clinical/socio-economic descriptions, CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275452-ymimvoq9 author = Ameen, Fuad title = Covid-19 pandemic outburst in Saudi Arabia: A Glimpse date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2456 sentences = 142 flesch = 47 summary = This short review report very briefly highlights covid-19 syndromes; propagation; Middle East outburst, natural products as cure for viral diseases, probable psychosomatic effects, protective measures and Islamic wisdom. Existing pandemic eruption of infections with SARS-CoV2 has been phrased as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) . Existing pandemic eruption of infections with SARS-CoV2 has been phrased as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) . The rapid global widespread of novel covid-19 viruses lead to World Health Organization (WHO) to declare outbreak as pandemic. The rapid global widespread of novel covid-19 viruses lead to World Health Organization (WHO) to declare outbreak as pandemic. -q (2020) Traditional Chinese medicine is a resource for drug discovery against 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275477-blu6wjhu author = Trimaille, Antonin title = COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembolique veineuse date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2413 sentences = 227 flesch = 50 summary = Fréquence de la pathologie thrombo-embolique veineuse au cours des formes modérées de J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Dans une étude analyse une cohorte de 1240 patients consécutifs hospitalisés en dehors des services de Réanimation pour des formes modérées de COVID-19, les auteurs ont observé une incidence d'embolie pulmonaire confirmée à l'angioscanner de 8.3% (17) . En outre, il semble que les ETEV pourraient en partie survenir de manière asymptomatique au cours de la COVID-19 dans la mesure où les études utilisant un screening systématique ont retrouvé des incidences d'ETEV allant jusqu'à près de 50% des patients hospitalisés avec formes modérées (22, 23) . Helms et al ont observé une incidence de complications thrombo-emboliques de 18 Ainsi, les patients hospitalisés pour une forme sévère de COVID-19, en service de réanimation, présentent des ETEV très fréquemment, potentialisant la sévérité de l'atteinte respiratoire. cache = ./cache/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275510-fotolimq author = Sytwu, Huey-Kang title = Expeditious responses to COVID-19 crisis: from governmental management to laboratory approach date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1458 sentences = 68 flesch = 41 summary = At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the National Health Command Center (NHCC) of Taiwan, unifying a central command system that is composed of the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the Biological Pathogen Disaster Command Center, the Central Medical Emergency Operations Center and the Counter-Bioterrorism Command Center, rapidly established several critical and timely actions including border control from the air and sea in early January, big data-and technology-based identification of cases, systematic quarantine of suspected cases, proactive case finding, resource allocation, daily press conference and extensive public education, negotiation with other countries and regions, formulation of policies for schools, childcare and nursing homes, and relief to businesses [1] . Facing the tremendous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, governments all around the world should be well aware that more investments in public health, climate change countermeasures, a global health surveillance system, an effective research into identifying pathogens, subsequent treatment, vaccine development and effective health delivery systems are needed. cache = ./cache/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275447-nx45kwn6 author = Ehrenpreis, Eli D. title = Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2326 sentences = 130 flesch = 45 summary = Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19. T here has been recent controversy regarding the risk that ibuprofen (and possibly other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) may worsen the clinical course of patients that are infected with COVID-19. It is therefore the purpose of this brief review to inform practitioners treating patients with 5-ASAs about the potential relationships between 5-ASAs and NSAIDs. At the time of this writing, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have not recommended the avoidance of ibuprofen in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275675-gzd75ks9 author = Gee, Siobhan title = The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1521 sentences = 103 flesch = 56 summary = title: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine 7 Current data suggest that COVID-19 infection results in a lowered white cell count (WCC) of <4.0 × 10 9 /l for between 9 and 45% of patients. 8, 9, 13 There are no published data describing neutrophil counts in COVID-19positive patients taking clozapine. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection. This case series shows that no statistically significant change in ANC occurred in patients taking clozapine who tested positive for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 infection does not appear to cause a significant or prolonged neutropaenia in patients taking clozapine. cache = ./cache/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275556-798oed8n author = Piubelli, Chiara title = Overall decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reduction of clinical burden: the experience of a Northern Italy hospital date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 610 sentences = 49 flesch = 59 summary = OBJECTIVES: In Italy the burden of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) gradually decreased from March to the end of May. In this work, we aimed at evaluating a possible association between the severity of clinical manifestations and viral load over time, during the epidemiological transition from high to low transmission setting. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. The proportion of patients requiring intensive care significantly reduced from 6.7% ( We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive 46 care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. As the epidemiological context changes 47 from high to low transmission setting, people are presumably exposed to a lower viral load, which 48 has been previously associated to less severe clinical manifestations. cache = ./cache/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275395-w2u7fq1g author = Romero-Severson, Ethan Obie title = Change in global transmission rates of COVID-19 through May 6 2020 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4021 sentences = 188 flesch = 58 summary = In this report, we developed a deterministic-stochastic hybrid model and fitted the model to case incidence and death incidence time series data from 55 countries. We model the spread of COVID-19 as a partially observed Markov process with real-valued states S (susceptible), E (exposed), I (infected), and R (removed) to describe the latent population dynamics, and integer-valued states C 0 (to be counted), Y 1 (counted cases), D 0:3 (dying), and Y 2 (counted deaths) to model sampling into the data. Generally, countries that were found to have both variable transmission rates and variable detection probabilities (model 3 in Table 1) show a pattern of level or increasing deaths coupled with a level or slightly declining incidence in number of reported cases. The deaths due to COVID-19 in Europe are lower than the average number of reported deaths in a period of the same length for all countries in the data set that also had all-cause death counts from previous years. cache = ./cache/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275784-n6jv72l7 author = Spina, Alfio title = The Management Of Neurosurgical Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2228 sentences = 131 flesch = 45 summary = An adequate management protocol can reduce hospital viral spread, improving safety both for patients and healthcare professionals. 1 The management of an ever-increasing number of patients, particularly those suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has deeply affected the organization of healthcare facilities. 11 In a single-center Chinese case series of 138 hospitalized patients, presumed hospitalrelated infection of COVID-19 was suspected in 41% of patients, with a reported mortality of 4.3% and an intensive care unit admission rate of 26%. 12 Furthermore, COVID-19 transmission rate to healthcare worker was reported up to 20% 13 These data suggest that, inadequate hospital setting may represent a relevant route of SARS-CoV-2 spread both for patients and healthcare professionals. Whenever possible, elective surgery for confirmed cases (i.e. Group 1) should be rescheduled, because of this class of patients show higher risks of intensive care need and death. cache = ./cache/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275531-88iqxzqc author = Yu, Xinyu title = Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 569 sentences = 45 flesch = 52 summary = title: Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China During the subsequent 3 months, more than 50,000 cases of COVID-19 had emerged in Wuhan alone, which had a substantial effect on the clinical management of some life-threatening emergencies, such as acute aortic dissection, because of the following challenges. 3 Hence, patients with acute aortic dissection could potentially be carriers of SARS-Cov-2 (the pathogen of COVID-19) and might cause a spread of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Thus, the remaining medical resources for treating other diseases (including acute aortic dissection) were rather limited in the particular circumstances in Wuhan during the pandemic period. Coping with these challenges, our team successfully performed surgery to treat four patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275601-9y5zj9an author = Boutron, Isabelle title = The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1366 sentences = 84 flesch = 49 summary = These authors propose an "evidence ecosystem" for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. These issues have been highlighted and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where stakeholders urgently need relevant, accessible, up-to-date, and trustworthy syntheses of high-quality evidence to inform their decisions. Every week, we screen the COVID-19 database produced by the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify eligible RCTs. The living mapping produced provides a description of all registered RCTs. The data retrieved and extracted can be explored through interactive data visualizations to identify research gaps and help prioritize and improve future trials. Collectively, COVID-NMA data are used to conduct systematic reviews on specific questions, meta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD), and network meta-analyses and to support the guideline development process and health decision making. cache = ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275711-ejw3ausf author = Mon-López, Daniel title = The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5819 sentences = 291 flesch = 48 summary = This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275693-ej76fsxa author = Stanislau Affonso de Araujo, E. title = Teach, and teach and teach: does the average citizen use masks correctly during daily activities? Results from an observational study with more than 12,000 participants date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1987 sentences = 118 flesch = 65 summary = This is among the first studies, to the best of our knowledge, that measures real life compliance with face masks during this COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate if, how often, and in what way people wear their face masks, we conducted an observational study in five major cities in the Baixada Santista metropolitan area with a sample of over 12,000 observations. For three consecutive days, for a period of one hour, the same researcher occupied the same spot on the same street, at the same time, and observed and recorded if, how many, and in what way, people were wearing their face masks. We found that only 45.1% of people wore face masks properly and safely in a research sample observed in a region with significant prevalence of COVID-19, among people at high risk of infection (because of poverty and high prevalence) and complications (due to age and pre-existing health conditions). cache = ./cache/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275506-3t5gf66c author = Agbuduwe, Charles title = Hematolological Manifestations of COVID‐19: From Cytopenia to Coagulopathy date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4280 sentences = 265 flesch = 39 summary = [45] A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU identified DVT in 25% with advanced age, lower lymphocyte counts and elevated D-dimers being significant risk factors. [63] Currently, the evidence base for the clinical management of COVID-19 is mostly limited to case series and other relatively small observational studies of hospitalised patients. Similar to findings in SARS patients, [64] lymphopenia is the most commonly reported hematological abnormality in COVID-19 and recent data shows that it can be predictive of disease severity. The use of convalescent plasma may, in addition, provide neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and a small-scale clinical trial has reported modest but encouraging results in severely-ill but not in critical COVID-19 patients. In view of the increased thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19, prophylactic anticoagulation with low Accepted Article molecular weight heparin is recommended for all hospitalised patients with the disease and clinical trials are needed to investigate the role of more intensive anticoagulation and other experimental therapies. cache = ./cache/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275696-xag08e8h author = Dharamsi, A. title = Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid cycle in situ simulation date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2331 sentences = 142 flesch = 50 summary = In response to COVID-19, we developed a rapid-cycle in situ simulation (ISS) programme to facilitate identification and resolution of systems-based latent safety threats. Rapid cycle simulation has been described previously in medical education as a way of providing real time feedback and opportunities for learners to practice [7] , and there are examples of in situ simulation being used in an iterative fashion to find solutions to latent safety threats over months to years [7, 8] . Given our experience from SARS, our ISS team understood that the highest risk of this emerging respiratory pathogen would be in the case of a critically-ill patient presenting to triage and ultimately requiring aerosol-generating procedures in the ED [8, 9] . The rapid-cycle ISS programme was created to identify latent safety threats (LST) to staff and mitigate these with innovative solutions that could subsequently be tested in the next simulation. This rapid-cycle ISS programme provides an opportunity to identify and iteratively address latent safety threats in caring for patients with possible COVID-19 in a time-sensitive fashion. cache = ./cache/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275924-mmcszoxb author = Drew, David A. title = Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2187 sentences = 118 flesch = 45 summary = We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.25 million users to date. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 doi: medRxiv preprint of scientists with expertise in big data research and translational epidemiology to interrogate the COVID-19 pandemic in the largest and most diverse patient population assembled to-date. By collecting participant-reported geospatial data, highlighted as a critical need for pandemic epidemiologic research (16), we can rapidly identify populations 5 with highly prevalent symptoms that may emerge as hot spots for outbreaks. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 doi: medRxiv preprint Concerningly, 20% of individuals report complex symptoms (cough and/or fatigue plus at least one of anosmia, diarrhea, or fever) but have not yet received testing, representing a substantial population who appear to be at greater risk for the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275557-peo4d1hn author = Musa, Arif title = Addendum to Systematic Review of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 896 sentences = 59 flesch = 50 summary = 2 However, Wang et al did not find a statistically significant benefit with remdesivir in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 237 patients that was published on April 29. 3 On the same day, a press release by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) regarding the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT) reported significantly reduced time to recovery and mortality with remdesivir. The first randomized, controlled clinical trial of remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 was published in The Lancet on April 29. 5 After, the data and safety monitoring board performed a preliminary analysis of 1063 patients, the NIAID reported on April 29 that remdesivir statistically significantly reduced time to recovery compared to placebo (11 vs 15 days, p<0.001). Nevertheless, on May 1, based on the ACTT and Gilead open-label trial, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use of remdesivir for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275721-l6l7bln0 author = Hussain, Azhar title = The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2202 sentences = 116 flesch = 49 summary = In this initial report, we outline our experience of setting up and delivering a pan‐regional service for the delivery of urgent and emergency cardiac surgery with a focus on maintaining a COVID‐free in‐hospital environment. There are seven NHS centers that provide cardiac surgical services in London, with an additional five independent hospitals covering a population of 8.5 million. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 7000 cardiac surgical procedures were performed on average in London every year, with the majority (90%) performed in NHS hospitals. It is likely that the independent sector will be asked to support patient flow and ongoing hospital treatment for patients after cardiac surgery who cannot be discharged from a delivery center. In this initial report, we outline our experience of setting up and delivering a pan-regional service for the delivery of urgent and emergency cardiac surgery with a focus on maintaining a COVID-free in-hospital environment. The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275737-jg45bnzq author = Mughal, Z title = Test, test, test – a complication of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 with nasal swabs date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2018 sentences = 124 flesch = 52 summary = CONCLUSION: This case highlights a possible design flaw of the viral swab when used to collect nasopharyngeal specimens, which then requires an aerosol-generating procedure in a high-risk patient to be performed. The paper outlines a safe technique of nasal foreign body removal in a suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient and suggests alternative testing materials. 17 • Viral swab sticks generally have a breakpoint feature • Premature activation of the breakpoint in a complex group of patients can lead to a retained swab tip in the nasal cavity • Nasal foreign body removal is an aerosol-generating procedure and requires robust personal protective equipment • The simplest way to avoid this complication is to utilise a product without a breakpoint • Alternative swab products with Dacron or polyester flocked tips can be used, and if viral transport medium is unavailable, then sterile saline may be used in replacement cache = ./cache/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275637-ea6w2kqv author = Roca-Fernandez, A. title = HIGH LIVER FAT ASSOCIATES WITH HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 INFECTION - INITIAL UK BIOBANK OBSERVATIONS date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 160 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusions UK Biobank data demonstrated an association between pre-existing liver disease and obesity with severe COVID-19, with higher proportions of liver fat in obese individuals a likely risk factor for symptomatic disease and severity. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that liver disease, and specifically liver fat accumulation, is a risk factor for developing symptomatic COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122457 doi: medRxiv preprint Furthermore, the 32.7% of obese patients with liver fat ≥10% had a higher likelihood of being symptomatic and testing positive for COVID-19 (OR: 2.96, p=0.02). Our study demonstrates that in addition to the previouslyreported risk factors of male gender, non-white-British ethnicity, and obesity (1-3), liver fat is also a significant risk factor for having symptomatic COVID-19, with a person testing positive for COVID-19 being 1.85 times more likely to have pre-existing severe fatty liver disease. cache = ./cache/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275852-hvbsx5an author = Lachapelle, F. title = COVID-19 Preprints and Their Publishing Rate: An Improved Method date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9299 sentences = 512 flesch = 55 summary = Findings: My analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset that were uploaded on from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. In this paper, using CORD-19 data and conditional fuzzy matching, I measure the proportion of preprints produce between January and August 2020 have been published as peer-reviewed articles, a measure I will refer to as 'conversion rate'. To the main research question of this paper, namely, which proportion of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset were also published in a peer-review journal, the analysis reveals that 14.68% (n=1, 328) research documents uploaded on MedArxiv, BioArxiv, and Arxiv servers between . My analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset uploaded on three major repository servers between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. cache = ./cache/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275833-c3zamfix author = McElligott, Helen title = Hybrid-CERAB (Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of the Aortic Bifurcation) Procedure is preferable to Aorto-Bi-Femoral Bypass for Limb-threatening Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis. date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1159 sentences = 75 flesch = 52 summary = Endovascular therapy offers a way by which peri-operative risk can be reduced for vascular patients, while also reducing the impact of acute surgery on intensive care unit capacity. This case reports the management of a patient with complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease via a hybrid endovascular approach in light of the above constraints, with a successful outcome. We report a case of a patient with acute-on-chronic TASC-II (Trans-Atlantic Inter-8 Society Consensus II) D aorto-iliac occlusive disease managed by covered endovascular 9 reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB) as an alternative to open surgery in the era of 10 COVID-19. Early data has 16 highlighted the impact of SARS-Cov2 infection on post-operative outcomes, with mortality rates 17 as high as 40% in COVID-19-positive patients undergoing vascular surgery reported 10 . Concerns regarding post-operative mortality in the event of SARS-Cov2 infection, 7 critical care bed capacity and inpatient length of stay will undoubtedly lead to a re-imagining of 8 the role of endovascular therapy in the management of complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease. cache = ./cache/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author = Mao, Kang title = The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1735 sentences = 89 flesch = 44 summary = A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. We discuss the feasibility of an integrated POC 55 biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning 56 of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, improving patient health care and 57 monitoring public health. The first crucial step is the rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 to screen potential patients, 62 confirm suspected cases, provide timely health care/treatment, monitor and manage the epidemic 63 (Udugama et al. cache = ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275842-dtdb4yuc author = Nachmias, Vered title = The First Case of Documented Covid-19 Reinfection in Israel date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1162 sentences = 62 flesch = 59 summary = After 25 million confirmed Covid -19 infections worldwide (1), a major question has been whether reinfections with this virus are possible, potentially endangering the lives of people who recovered from this deadly virus and people who are in contact with them. In Hong Kong details of the case of a 33-year-old man reveal that he first tested positive for COVID-19 in late March 2020 and developed cough, sore throat, fever and headache. We describe a case of confirmed Covid -19 reinfection in Israel, where the infection rates have been among the highest worldwide (6) . It has been expected that if the immune response generated after an initial infection could not prevent a second case, then it should at least stave off more severe illness (7 ) . Generally, people who contract Covid-19 develop a healthy immune response of both antibodies and T cells, similar to other viral infections (7) . cache = ./cache/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275595-q1hyxevb author = Ruan, Xiaofeng title = Mechanism of Dayuanyin in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4835 sentences = 245 flesch = 50 summary = This study demonstrated that the use of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 involved a variety of biological processes, and DYY acted on key targets such as IL6, ILIB, and CCL2 through signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. The top 20 pathways involved in DYY treatment of COVID-19 and the genes enriched in these pathways were imported into Cytoscape software to build a KEGG relationship network diagram (see Fig. 6 ). Through functional enrichment analysis of target genes for DYY treatment of COVID-19, GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment maps were obtained (see Fig. 5 ). the before treatment groups(A1, B1, C1) By combining the core target gene bar chart (Fig. 3b ) and the KEGG relationship network diagram (Fig. 6) , we can see that IL6 is one of the most critical genes for anti-inflammatory and immune regulation in COVID-19 patients treated with DYY. cache = ./cache/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275853-fym8qze2 author = Yang, Juan title = Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6451 sentences = 441 flesch = 57 summary = In 62 contrast, the 2009 influenza pandemic is considered mild but provides a benchmark 63 for a pandemic in modern times, as the health systems, supportive care, and Wuhan is a particularly well-suited location to assess the health burden of Firstly, Wuhan experienced intense community transmission of severe acute 73 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); secondly, the first wave has 74 ended, with only seven sporadic cases reported between March 24 and May 18 3 . Here we used multiple data sources to estimate age-78 specific rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, medically attended cases, 79 hospitalizations, and deaths, accounting for health seeking behaviors and 80 underdiagnoses. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 doi: medRxiv preprint burden and clinical severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza using Wuhan age 290 profile as a reference (Supplementary Information File 5 and File 8). cache = ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275866-m89hgf41 author = Li, Ping title = Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2359 sentences = 145 flesch = 55 summary = Methods 204 elderly patients (≥60 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31st to February 20th, 2020 were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that dyspnea (hazards ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.517;p < 0.001), older age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.070 to 1.123; p < 0.001), neutrophilia (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.310 to 15.061; p = 0.017) and elevated ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.471 to 10.433; p = 0.006) were independently associated with death. Univariate analysis showed age of 70 years or older, comorbidity (hypertension, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cardiovascular disease, COPD, chronic renal failure), onset of dyspnea, and several laboratory indices abnormalities were associated with poor outcome. This study suggests that the elderly patients of COVID-19 have a rapid course of the disease and a higher case fatality ratio. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275754-1thebz19 author = García Bascones, M. title = Luchando contra la covid-19: labor asistencial de los médicos rehabilitadores españoles. Estudio transversal date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2884 sentences = 321 flesch = 48 summary = En las primeras semanas muchos servicios anularon las consultas, valorando de manera presencial únicamente pacientes con criterios de urgencia, realizando consultas telefónicas y cerrando salas de tratamiento; posteriormente muchos rehabilitadores pasaron a formar parte de equipos médicos de valoración de pacientes Covid tanto en planta como en urgencia y en las últimas semanas se empieza a recuperar la actividad rehabilitadora con la valoración de las patologías derivadas del propio virus, fundamentalmente de pacientes de unidades de críticos, sin haberse recuperado la total normalidad en el funcionamiento de los Servicios hasta el momento. El estudio se realizó a través de una encuesta realizada durante la semana del 14 al 22 de Abril de 2020, que recogía información sobre la actuación de los Servicios de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de España con acreditación para la formación MIR. cache = ./cache/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author = Cheng, Matthew P. title = Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5277 sentences = 282 flesch = 38 summary = Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. Appropriately designed seroepidemiologic studies will play an essential part in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic by characterizing transmission dynamics, refining disease burden estimates, and providing insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Serologic surveillance studies can also assess the accumulation of persons with antibody responses over time to estimate incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (57, 58) and can track age-and jurisdiction-specific disease susceptibility and identify at-risk populations (59) . cache = ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275974-uqd30v7b author = Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title = MetaCOVID: A Siamese neural network framework with contrastive loss for n-shot diagnosis of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5429 sentences = 268 flesch = 49 summary = In summary, following are the contributions of our work: (a) A meta learning framework called MetaCOVID based on Siamese neural network is presented for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients from chest X-ray images, (b) The proposed work focuses on the benefit of using contrastive loss and n-shot learning in framework design, (c) A fine-tuned pre-trained VGG encoder is used to capture unbiased feature representations to improve feature embeddings from the input images, (d) The COVID-19 diagnosis problem is formulated as a k-way, n-shot classification problem where k and n represent the number of class labels and data samples used for model training, (e) Performance evaluation is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework with a limited dataset. In contrast, we have proposed an end-to-end trainable nshot deep meta learning framework based on Siamese neural network to classify COVID-19 cases with limited training CXR images. cache = ./cache/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275880-d53xe5oh author = Halepas, Steven title = A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19. date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1295 sentences = 93 flesch = 63 summary = In the late 1980s and early 1990s, in an attempt to protect health care workers, OSHA and the CDC proposed guidelines to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B. In an op-ed published in the New York Times on November 12, 1989, Dr. Avrum Goldstein, a periodontist from New Haven, CT, expressed his opposition this way: "...these regulations will bring about changes in the dentist-patient relationship and make it more difficult to practice dentistry. Patients' needs a warm and trusting relationship with their dentist to help overcome fears and make necessary dentistry possible. The AIDS pandemic resulted in masks, gowns, and eye protection. It found that the SARS outbreak had a large impact on providers with some countries reporting that 25-33% of those infected were health care workers. Will dentistry accept the advances or continue our history of fighting change? cache = ./cache/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275978-pezm1tnw author = Riccardo, Flavia title = Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5549 sentences = 310 flesch = 55 summary = Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. However, once interventions are introduced or the susceptibility in the population decreases, the transmission potential at a given time t is measured as the net reproduction number Rt. In this paper, we estimated both R0 and Rt for Italian regions in different epidemiological situations (high, intermediate and low age-adjusted attack rates), selected among those with highest data robustness. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. cache = ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275858-46jzw94p author = Leung, Janice M. title = COVID-19 and COPD date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3024 sentences = 166 flesch = 42 summary = Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in 323 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: a retrospective single center analysis A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients Epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of 465 hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Zhejiang province in China. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275897-j9cwlzxu author = Hashmi, Ali M. title = New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2525 sentences = 133 flesch = 51 summary = COVID-19 has posed a tremendous challenge to Pakistan's already strained healthcare system particularly with regards to mental health and psychosocial support services. 10 Individuals with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses die at a younger age than the general population and this excess mortality results in part from a higher prevalence and greater severity of multiple co-morbid medical conditions including diabetes, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular disease. 16 While data specific for Pakistan does not yet exist, it is safe to say that the psychological burden will be significant due to a multitude of reasons: overcrowded and under resourced hospitals may get overwhelmed if cases spike; low literacy rates mean people have an incomplete understanding of the situation and may continue with 'life as usual' despite warnings by healthcare workers and the government and an economic downturn in a country where millions depend on daily wages may leave many with no income at all for extended periods of time. cache = ./cache/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275915-fz16sylv author = Liu, Zi-Han title = Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1425 sentences = 67 flesch = 48 summary = Compared to permanent residents in cities (i.e., those with 'Hukou' in cities), most migrant workers in China have insufficient financial savings, low education levels, a high level of life stress, limited time and money to see doctors or even being discriminated by others, which contributes to a higher prevalence of mental health problems than observed in the general population [10] . Due to fear of infection, uncertainty of the COVID-transmission, and misinformation about the disease in social media, mental health problems, such as sleep disturbances, depression and anxiety, are common in the general public and migrant workers [4, 7, 13, 15, 17] . However, regular mental health education is typically not available for this population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and financial hardship, further quarantine measures and stigma associated with mental illness [12] are key barriers deterring them from seeking timely mental health treatments if needed. cache = ./cache/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276014-inv3hsbr author = Wijngaards, Indy title = Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3759 sentences = 190 flesch = 48 summary = Drawing from pre-pandemic research, psychologists are proposing that extraversion-a personality trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness and high energy levels (John et al., 1991; Soto and John, 2017) -is one individual characteristic that could moderate the negative relationship between measure stringency and mental illness (e.g., Brogaard, 2020; Brooks and Moser, 2020; Smillie and Haslam, 2020; Steele, 2020) . In this study, drawing on publicly available survey data from over 90,000 respondents across 47 countries (Fetzer et al., 2020) , we therefore empirically test the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency and depressive symptoms. Second, even though our analytical strategy allowed us to take out individual-specific heterogeneity, and extraversion is a relatively stable personality trait (Damian et al., 2019) , the crosssectional nature of the survey data, collected in the early days of the pandemic, did not allow us to examine whether introverts' and extraverts' responses to the protective measures changed as the situation evolved. cache = ./cache/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276150-hp174yft author = Basnet, Sangita title = COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3319 sentences = 188 flesch = 54 summary = In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Towards the end of March, there were five cases that had arrived from China, Europe, and Dubai that tested positive and were placed in isolation in COVID-19-designated hospitals in Kathmandu. On May 7, in order to increase the rate of testing in the limited number of facilities, PCR of pooled samples of individuals in quarantine and low risk for COVID-19 was started at a ratio of 1:5. After the initial cases introduced into Kathmandu by flight in early March as detailed above, there was a cohort of a few dozen Indian nationals adjacent to the border entering Nepal from India by land that tested positive. cache = ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275867-qm7y3thy author = Hassan, Suzan B. title = COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7338 sentences = 403 flesch = 42 summary = More specifically, the current research aims to: 1) test the influence of DSR on destination reputation (DR), domestic tourists' perceived trust (PT) and their revisit intention (RI); 2) assess the direct relations between DR, PT and RI; and 3) examine the moderation role of fear arousal (FA) related to COVID-19 on the direct relationships between DR, DSR, PT and RI of domestic travelers in Egypt. Concerning health concerns, the impact of fear arousal related to COVID-19 on domestic tourists' behavior has not been examined yet, however, several tourism studies articulated that risk perception substantially impacted travelers' intentions to visit a destination (e.g. Giusti and Raya, 2019; Fuchs, & Reichel, 2011; Li, Wen, & Ying, 2018) . In addition, no well-known work has explored the interaction role of fear arousal of COVID-19 on the relation between domestic holidaymakers' revisit intention and its associated predictors involved in the research model (i.e. destination reputation, DSR and visitors' perceived trust). cache = ./cache/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276044-z7rupgfo author = Di Crosta, Adolfo title = Individual Differences, Economic Stability, and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms in the COVID-19 Emergency date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5703 sentences = 283 flesch = 48 summary = The aim of the present study is to report the prevalence of high psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population, especially considering that this aspect is consistently associated with PTSD symptoms. A logistic regression on the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) scores was used to test the risk factors that predict the possibility to develop PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results, highlighted in the present study, extend our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the population's mental health, by identifying individuals at high-risk of developing PTSD. These studies highlighted a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in determining high levels of psychological distress, showing, also, differences related to gender with females reporting higher IES-R scores. In the present study we specifically focus on the role of individual differences, perception of economic stability, and psychological factors (including neuroticism and fear for the COVID-19 pandemic) in predicting symptoms of PTSD. cache = ./cache/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275979-cx2h5bsw author = Scutelnic, Adrian title = Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors—Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6747 sentences = 342 flesch = 46 summary = According to the INTERSTROKE study, the 10 most frequent modifiable vascular risk factors are arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, dyslipidaemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol. Also, a higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and bad outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and vascular risk factors. A higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and worse outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and risk factors, compared with young and healthy persons [1, 6, 8-11, 28, 29] . Several potential mechanisms increasing this risk of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus have been proposed: (1) higher affinity of cellular binding of SARS-CoV-2 and higher levels of circulating furin facilitating virus entry, (2) increased ACE2 expression in the lungs, (3) decreased viral clearance, (4) diminished T cell function, (5) increased susceptibility to inflammation and cytokine storm syndrome and (6) co-existence of vascular disease and risk factors [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276090-n8c2jpr6 author = Patel, Hiren N. title = Cerebellar Infarction Requiring Surgical Decompression in patient with COVID 19 Pathological Analysis, Brief Review date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2871 sentences = 162 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSION: A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. angiography, CXR denotes chest X-ray, FiO2 denotes fraction of inspired oxygen, SARS-COV-2 denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, STAT denotes statum which is Latin meaning immediately, t-PA denotes tissue plasminogen activator, WHO denotes World Health Organization. A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. COVID-19 complicated with cerebral and large vessel vasculitis and its treatment will require a need for randomized clinical trials showing benefit in outcomes and mortality. This is a report of a patient with COVID-19 immune dysregulation who developed an acute cerebellar ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis. cache = ./cache/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276013-8dhqa2gj author = Luo, Yung-Hung title = Overview of coronavirus disease 2019: Treatment updates and advances date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3764 sentences = 232 flesch = 47 summary = 7, 11 Patients with severe symptoms may have unfavorable disease Abstract: In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China, and this new type of pneumonia spread rapidly to across provinces during the subsequent weeks. Clinical trials on baricitinib demonstrated at least some effects in selective patient populations with COVID-19 acute respiratory disease. On March 17, 2020, the National Medical Products Administration of China approved favipiravir as the first coronavirus drug with evidence from clinical trials showing efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276083-ds0f0ois author = Pelicioni, Paulo H.S. title = COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think! date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1017 sentences = 73 flesch = 57 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) will severely impact older people's lives. 1, 2 Environmental contamination has been identified as a route of transmission of COVID-19, 3 and for this reason, governments worldwide have been initiating quarantine measures that include keeping older people in ''social isolation'' to slow the transmission of the infection. 7 Social isolation has such negative impact, that it remains a strong risk factor for increased mortality in older people after adjusting for demographic and health factors. Lack of Vitamin D, depression, illness and associated polypharmacy, cognitive decline, loneliness, decline in physical activity levels, increased body mass, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13 all negative consequences of social isolation, can increase the risk of falls in older people. There is good evidence that home-based exercise programs can be conducted safely and can enhance quality of life and reduce the risk of falls in older people. cache = ./cache/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276225-tv70aakj author = Musolino, Anna Maria title = Lung Ultrasound in Children with COVID-19: Preliminary Findings date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2368 sentences = 140 flesch = 51 summary = Abstract— Recent evidence indicates the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. In particular, vertical artifacts (70%), pleural irregularities (60%), areas of white lung (10%) and subpleural consolidations (10%) were the main findings in patients with COVID-19. According to our experience, the routine use of LUS in the evaluation of children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, when performed by clinicians with documented experience in LUS, was useful in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia, reducing unnecessary radiation/sedation in children and exposure of health care workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, recent evidence has indicated the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting COVID-19 pneumonia (Buonsenso et al. In particular, vertical artifacts, areas of white lung and subpleural consolidations and pleural irregularities were the main findings in pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: A case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276177-hhmd8ilk author = Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul title = Are meteorological factors enhancing COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh? Novel findings from a compound Poisson generalized linear modeling approach date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6426 sentences = 342 flesch = 53 summary = Since there is a close association between other viral infection cases by epidemics and environmental factors, this study intends to unveil meteorological effects on the outbreak of COVID-19 across eight divisions of Bangladesh from March to April 2020. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Bangladesh using compound Poisson generalized linear modeling (CPGLM), a unique approach across the eight divisions of Bangladesh along with the Monte-Carlo method and random forest (RF) model. We employed the compound Poisson generalized linear model (CPGLMs) for exploring the relationship between daily meteorological variables (TDN, MT, NHR, MRH, AH, and rainfall), and daily confirmed cases from COVID-19 across Bangladesh from March 8 to April 30, 2020. Many studies have reported that temperature and relative humidity are the most contributing climatic variables influencing COVID-19 cases in other countries Shi et al. cache = ./cache/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276061-7b8h2sjw author = Zammit, M title = A rise in facial nerve palsies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2478 sentences = 146 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVE: An increase in spontaneous lower motor neuron facial nerve (VIIth cranial nerve) palsies was seen during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak in our emergency clinic. • There was an increased incidence of spontaneous lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy in our emergency ENT clinic • Only two prior case reports have referenced an association between VIIth cranial nerve palsy and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) • Facial nerve palsy incidence of 3.5 per cent was seen in clinic during 2020, 2.7 times higher than the previous year at 1.3 per cent • A SARS-CoV-2 incidence of 11.8 per cent was seen in our cohort, contrasting with that of the Liverpool population of 0.5 per cent • It is important for clinicians to be aware that facial nerve palsy may be an initial presentation of the disease cache = ./cache/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276199-akoxd44f author = DEFAR, A. title = Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4973 sentences = 265 flesch = 55 summary = title: Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, practices and associated factors that can contribute to the prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups in Addis Ababa. Older age, occupation (being a health worker), middle income, experience of respiratory illness and religion were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about the prevention methods for COVID-19. Older age, occupation (being a health worker), middle income, experience of respiratory illness and religion were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about the prevention methods for COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and associated factors towards the prevention of COVID-19 among the high-risk groups of Addis Ababa community. Using logistic regression analysis, the study found that occupation, religion, income, and knowledge on the transmission and prevention of COVID-19 were found to be associated with the practice of precautionary measures against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276238-2hv46ftk author = Ing, Richard J. title = The role of helmet-delivered noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3072 sentences = 213 flesch = 49 summary = 5 The aim of this stand-alone editorial is to examine the role of helmet delivered continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation in patients requiring respiratory support in COVID-19. The recent Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 consensus statement agrees that; following admission for COVID-19, each patient may progress at a variable rate to either recovery, with minimal oxygen requirements and no ventilatory support, or a worsening of the disease process and the need for an escalation in NIV and mechanical ventilation. 11 The usual features of typical ARDS, recently termed the H-type, in COVID-19 patients are a progressive deteriorating lung compliance requiring increased inspired oxygen concentration(FiO 2 ), high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), prone ventilation, sedation with paralysis and inotropic support. cache = ./cache/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276234-2nkeq4ud author = Siedlecki, Jakob title = COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3702 sentences = 227 flesch = 46 summary = Indeed, ophthalmologists seem to rank among the medical specialties with the highest risk for COVID-19 infection, probably due to close patient contact during examination, e.g., at the slit lamp [4] , and possible conjunctival involvement during the course of the disease [5, 6] . In this paper, a systematic review of current COVID-19 literature relevant for ophthalmological practice is performed, with a special focus on modes of transmission, the prevention thereof, structural adjustments of clinical care required during the pandemic, and possible ocular manifestations of this novel disease. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV 2, currently causing the COVID-19 pandemic, has severe implications for ophthalmologybe it because the eyes represent an important route of infection, most probably through lacrimal drainage into the nasal mucosa, or because of ocular manifestations, which, even if rather rare, can represent the first symptoms of this novel disease [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276181-5gh0i394 author = Eimer, J. title = Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1547 sentences = 91 flesch = 46 summary = Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4, 5) . In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. In summary, our findings indicate that treatment with tocilizumab of critically ill patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 may reduce time on mechanical ventilation and overall length of stay in ICU and in hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276194-4sfc7hal author = Vijayvargiya, Prakhar title = In Reply–The “Perfect Cytokine Storm” of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 794 sentences = 59 flesch = 44 summary = To the Editor:We read with great interest the letter by Testori regarding our Review article "Treatment Considerations for COVID-19: A Critical Review of the Evidence (or Lack Thereof)," 1 Testori pointed out the important association of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 , which could account for the worse outcome in older individuals. Baricitinib will be tested as one of the drugs in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT). Since the online publication of our review, the investigational RNA-dependent RNA inhibitor, remdesivir, has been granted emergency use authorization in United States Food and Drug Administration based on preliminary data obtained from the ACTT. Treatment Considerations for COVID-19: A Critical Review of the Evidence (or Lack Thereof) NIH Clinical Trial Shows Remdesivir Accelerates Recovery from Advanced COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276132-tv5y1eqc author = Ray, Upasana title = COVID-19: The Impact in Oncology Care date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5696 sentences = 243 flesch = 39 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a critical challenge to the current oncology care and practices including late diagnoses, delayed anti-cancer treatment, and static clinical trials. Delaying anti-cancer treatment in the ongoing pandemic cannot be recommended as a sensible choice to reduce the associated infection risk in patients. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that in cancer patients diagnosed with the infection, the immunosuppressive therapies should be withheld until the symptoms resolve like complete remission of fever without use of antipyretics along with a negative COVID-19 test. Nevertheless, contact limitation and physical distancing guidelines continue to be an important part of the cancer treatment strategies during the pandemic in order to protect the patients, health-care personnel and non-COVID-19 patients being treated in the same organization. A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an international collaborative group Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276241-4g6pa7kz author = Yurttaş, Berna title = Characteristics and outcomes of Behçet’s syndrome patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case series of 10 patients date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1735 sentences = 109 flesch = 54 summary = Recently two European centers reported that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases was comparable to that observed in the general population [8, 9] . Table 2 shows presenting symptoms, laboratory tests, length of hospital stay and management related to COVID-19. Due to parenchymal CNS involvement with a progressive relapsing course, he received several immunosuppressive agents including cyclophosphamide and Case no 3, 4, 5 and 6 had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Our case series suggests that BS patients are much younger and appear to have increased risk for severe outcome when infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population. In line with our observations, very recently a study from Wuhan, China, reported that respiratory failure was more commonly observed in RD patients infected with COVID-19 compared to those without RD [15] . High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276204-ibmnuj5u author = Ratten, Vanessa title = Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7877 sentences = 448 flesch = 42 summary = Due to the large global impact COVID-19 has had on society, new entrepreneurial education management practices are required to deal with the change. A recent review article on entrepreneurship research by Ferreira, Fernandes and Kraus (2020 found that entrepreneurial principles can be analysed in many different ways depending on the environmental context including health, technology and social-related concerns. In this commentary, we explore the way to encourage entrepreneurial intention in students by focusing on the effects of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship education. Given that the global management education environment has significantly changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the content of entrepreneurship education programs varies with some valuing a practical and immersive experience more than others. Measuring the impact of business management student's attitudes towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. cache = ./cache/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276249-9opsg7p2 author = Roberto, Katrina T. title = Electroencephalographic findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3122 sentences = 186 flesch = 44 summary = Patients with critical medical illnesses are known to be at risk for neurological complications like seizures and status epilepticus; however, the evidence is substantially limited in the context of COVID-19 infection (3) . Thus, the objective of this study was to review the EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through a systematic review of published relevant articles. We considered case reports/series, cross-sectional and cohort studies that reported on descriptive EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Other electroencephalographic findings reported in the available literature include isoelectric EEG consistent with brain death in two cases (1.1%) in one study and fast activity superimposed on slow waves in three patients (1.7%) (22, 23) . Although it is well known that critically ill patients are at high risk for seizures and Focal non-epileptic slowing is another EEG abnormality seen in a number of COVID-19 cases. EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS-CoV2/COVID-19: a small case series preliminary report cache = ./cache/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276295-0w3jz31k author = Chai, A. title = Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and ‘suppressing’ the pandemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 638 sentences = 55 flesch = 63 summary = title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic We thank the editorial team in providing an excellent overview with regards to testing for COVID-19 in pre-op surgical patients. He had RT-PCR for COVID-19 before his procedure, which he tested negative. He then presented to the acute OMFS oncall team 10 days later, complaining of general malaise and fever over two days. Further COVID-19 swabs remain negative. We have since found that patients within his bay where he was admitted for his surgery have also been poorly and tested positive for COVID-19. A CT thorax can be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in inconclusive cases . Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276237-zqtjjyoq author = Sundar, K. R. Shyam title = COVID-19 and State Failure: A Double Whammy for Trade Unions and Labour Rights date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2196 sentences = 111 flesch = 54 summary = The CTUs and their allies have among other things(a) demanded multiple welfare measures including direct benefit transfer to non-taxpaying workers, enhanced pension, payment of cash and other forms of assistance to workers from their welfare boards, wide-covering fiscal reliefs, food security (including universal PDS), and protective health gear to and safety for the frontline workers, (b) protested against the labour market incidents noted above and provided concrete instances to support their claims, (c) expressed concern at the high and rising unemployment, (d) supported the "industry" their demands for subsidies, and (e) asked for dialogue with them. Their major demands are: reliefs to surviving migrant workers and compensation to their families, free ration, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of 7500, enhanced pension of 3000 to all non-income tax paying workers for six months, Aadhar-linked smart cards to all workers, withdraw the proposed privatisation measures and labour law changes, rise in MGNREGA wage to ₹500 per day, recovery of loans from wilful defaulters, increased budgetary allocation to the health, education, care and agriculture sectors, a fund for social security for unorganised workers, urban employment assurance scheme, protection for frontline workers, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276264-wgzh3f5m author = Navlakha, S. title = Projecting COVID-19 disease severity in cancer patients using purposefully-designed machine learning date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4665 sentences = 322 flesch = 53 summary = Although previous studies have uncovered factors that increase risk of severe COVID-19 infection --e.g., older age, obesity, or pre-existing heart or lung disease [1] [2] [3] [4] --the clinical course and outcome of patients with COVID-19 illness remains variable and difficult for clinicians to predict. To help clinicians predict COVID-19 severity [5, 6] , we turned to robust machine learning methods to identify high-risk cancer patients based on their pre-existing conditions and initial clinical manifestations. In this study, we developed a model to predict clinical outcomes (level of oxygen support needed) in cancer patients, using only clinical variables that were available on or before COVID-19 diagnosis (called time zero). Previous machine learning studies have reported impressive performance predicting COVID-19 outcomes for non-cancer patients using only a few clinical variables. We used machine learning algorithms to identify clinical variables predictive of severe COVID-19 illness in cancer patients at time zero. cache = ./cache/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276325-l26sdtxf author = Jheon, Sanghoon title = General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4630 sentences = 226 flesch = 52 summary = Hong Kong has largely avoided a massive surge in the incidence of COVID-19 cases despite the large numbers of people that normally travel daily between it and mainland China where the virus outbreak was first reported. On January 8, before a single case had even been confirmed in Hong Kong, the new "severe respiratory disease associated with a novel infectious agent" was listed as a notifiable disease, and all visiting at public hospitals was restricted. The net result of these parallel approaches was that care for suspected cases of COVID-19 was concentrated in public hospitals, whereas private hospitals could continue a degree of normal service, including elective surgery. At the time of writing, the only uncertainty in the near future is whether a recent uptick in the number of COVID-19 cases due to Hong Kong citizens returning from abroad and a mini-outbreak from those going to bars and clubs may evolve into a full-blown second or third wave of infections. cache = ./cache/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276374-i37ygb2z author = Deasy, Jacob title = Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2980 sentences = 159 flesch = 49 summary = Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). In this paper we use published COVID-19 diagnosis data for England to generate the earliest possible estimates of additional ICU demand due to infections in the coming days, based on cautious epidemiological data from the literature and under the assumption that the current increase in cases represents the exponential phase of an outbreak rather than a change in ascertainment. 19.20039057 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4: Projected regional COVID-19 ICU occupancy as a percentage of regional capacity in the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England. Our data suggests that traditional ICU capacity could be rapidly consumed over a period of approximately 14 days from the time of modelling/writing, such figures hide substantial regional heterogeneity, with London and the Midlands demonstrating the most rapid growth. cache = ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276303-lgywz9ea author = Rello, Jordi title = COVID-19, steroids and other immunomodulators: The jigsaw is not complete date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1627 sentences = 80 flesch = 46 summary = Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Hydrocortisone on 21-Day Mortality or Respiratory Support Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276327-wyevh4xv author = Sheng, Calvin C title = Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS‐CoV‐2 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid‐19 cardiac injury: The three C study) date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3239 sentences = 192 flesch = 37 summary = We designed a proof‐of‐concept randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive respiratory failure and worsening cardiac dysfunction in patients with SARS‐CoV2 infection, myocardial injury, and high levels of inflammation. The three C Study is a prospective, IRB approved, blinded randomized-controlled Phase II study designed to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive heart and respiratory failure in patients with Covid-19 associated myocardial injury and increased inflammation. This blinded randomized controlled trial is designed as a proof of concept study to demonstrate whether IL-1β antagonism can dampen the deleterious autoinflammatory response to SARS-CoV2 infection in patients with myocardial injury and heightened inflammation. In evaluating this hypothesis, the Three C study will help inform whether targeting inappropriate activation of the innate immune system should be investigated in larger clinical trials to improve survival in patients with Covid-19 and myocardial injury. cache = ./cache/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276316-7ot9ds34 author = Lei, Chunliang title = Factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Guangzhou, China date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2375 sentences = 160 flesch = 57 summary = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory tract, blood samples and digestive tract was detected and lymphocyte subsets were tested periodically. 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0 % (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0 % vs. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, as well as higher CD4/CD8 ratio were independent risk factors of respiratory failure and ICU admission. A total of 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 8 / 25 and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0% (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0% vs. cache = ./cache/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276267-77903fld author = Al‐Ani, Aysha H. title = Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5481 sentences = 355 flesch = 42 summary = 6 Consequently, there is a concern that IBD patients are at greater risk of developing COVID-19 and at increased risk of progressing to a more severe clinical course or even death compared to the general population. 18 Furthermore, there is a recent case report of a possible SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection causing acute haemorrhagic colitis and signalling COVID-19 disease. Clinical assessment of risk factors for infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan Risk of infection with methotrexate therapy in inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Comparative risk of serious infections with biologic and/or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Infection-related hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases Respiratory tract infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: safety analyses from vedolizumab clinical trials cache = ./cache/cord-276267-77903fld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276267-77903fld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276438-nynri6my author = Lu, Jiade J. title = Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1544 sentences = 70 flesch = 48 summary = As the executive vice president of the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), a tertiary cancer treatment facility on the front line against the COVID-19 epidemic responsible for patient care and infection control, our experience and opinions might be helpful for colleagues in the United States as a reference. Anyone with a body temperature over 37.3 o C and pertinent contact/travel history is transferred to a fever clinic at a designated hospital (special clinics of major general hospitals established during the 2003 SARS epidemic to triage and treat patients with fever) to rule out COVID-19 infection. From a professional point of view, I do not think it is necessary to delay chemotherapy or radiation treatment for patients with cancer because of COVID-19, unless an infection is confirmed or highly suspected or there are other medical reasons. Except for head and neck cancer treatments, all patients are required to wear a surgical mask during transportation and radiation therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276405-yfvu83r9 author = Brat, Gabriel A. title = International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5729 sentences = 285 flesch = 46 summary = Because EHRs are not themselves agile analytic platforms, we have been successfully building upon the open source and free i2b2 (for Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside) toolkit [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] to manage, compute, and share data extracted from EHRs. In response to COVID-19, we have organized a global community of researchers, most of whom are or have been members of the i2b2 Academic Users Group, to rapidly set up an ad hoc network that can begin to answer some of the clinical and epidemiological questions around COVID-19 through data harmonization, analytics, and visualizations. Laboratory value trajectories Our initial data extraction included 14 laboratory markers of cardiac, renal, hepatic, and immune dysfunction that have been strongly associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients in previous publications. cache = ./cache/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276351-cv5th7hd author = Moorlag, Simone J.C.F.M. title = Safety and COVID-19 symptoms in individuals recently vaccinated with BCG: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1279 sentences = 81 flesch = 46 summary = BCG vaccination trials for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection are underway, but concerns have been raised regarding the potential harm of strong innate immune responses. To investigate the safety of BCG vaccination, we retrospectively assessed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related symptoms in three cohorts of healthy volunteers who either received BCG in the last five years or not. In conclusion, recent BCG vaccination is safe and large randomized trials are needed to reveal if BCG reduces the incidence and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The incidence of self-reported sickness ( Figure 4B ) as well as the 252 incidence of symptoms ( Figure 4C and D, Figure S6 ) was not significantly different between 253 responders and non-responders, indicating that a strong trained immunity profile is not 254 associated with increased sickness or severity of symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19: A model correlating BCG vaccination to protection from 696 mortality implicates trained immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276300-6xy8bwfl author = Sahoo, Swapnajeet title = Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2543 sentences = 124 flesch = 58 summary = title: Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger During the initial few days, it was seen that most patients admitted with the infection had some or other mental health issues such as anxiety, excessive worries, irritability, low mood, frustration, distress, feeling isolated/loneliness, etc. The 3 summaries discussed in this report are the mental health issues and other experiences shared by 2 persons and a family admitted in the COVID center. Besides supportive sessions with the patient, one of his cousin (uninfected) with whom the patient was in constant touch was involved in the treatment, who was asked to motivate the patient to stay active and remain busy watching videos/movies on YouTube channels, read things of his likings on the internet and pray to God. He was discharged after his repeat tests came out to be negative. cache = ./cache/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276328-08ava9ni author = Kunutsor, Setor K. title = Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 460 sentences = 35 flesch = 47 summary = title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (1, 2) In addition to the observation that older patients, males and those with pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease are at highest risk for severe illness or death, (3, 4) COVID-19 complications have been shown to correlate with the disease severity or mortality. Renal complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China cache = ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276493-hoaxv5e0 author = Jeong, Gi Uk title = Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19 and Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: A Review date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5687 sentences = 363 flesch = 56 summary = With increasing structural data of key proteins in both SARS-CoV-2 and the host, such as the spike glycoprotein (S), the main protease (M pro ), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the structure-based design of new drugs has emerged as the most promising antiviral strategy. Several structure-based drug discovery studies have investigated the interaction of inhibitors in the substrate-binding pockets of SARS-CoV-2 M pro ( Figure 3C ) (Dai et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020b) . Because most inhibitors occupy the substrate binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 FIGURE 4 | CryoEM structure of RdRp in complex with cofactors (nsp7 and nsp8), RNA template, and remdesivir. In addition, we provided structural insights into the mechanism of action of well-characterized drugs targeting the interaction between hACE2 and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for viral entry, as well as M pro and RdRp for viral replication. cache = ./cache/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276630-qci7khki author = Lima, William Gustavo title = The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3727 sentences = 214 flesch = 49 summary = Due to the evidence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various clinically available agents, drug repositioning stands out as a promising strategy for a short-term response in the fight against the novel coronavirus. Only seven drugs (chloroquine, tetrandrine, umifenovir (arbidol), carrimycin, Table 1 Clinical evidence of potential candidates for drug repositioning against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) *Lopinavir (400 mg) + ritonavir (100 mg), q12h, orally; associated with umifenovir (200 mg), q12h, orally. [14] reported that the use of arbidol in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits the aggravation of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and promotes a virus-negative conversion in patients from China. Of these, only six drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir (arbidol), remdesivir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) have shown promising results in preclinical trials and have clinically lessened the symptoms of COVID-19. Although lopinavir/ ritonavir had low anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, arbidol, remdesivir, and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine showed promising effects against this coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276359-syr9av09 author = Piva, Simone title = Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3312 sentences = 204 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy In addition to describing the clinical management of such patients, this study details a proposed severity scale that was used to communicate with non-intensivists for management and triage, and for a step-up approach to drug therapy including antivirals, desamethasone and selective cytokine blockers. Creation of a severity scale to assess patients with COVID is of value to hospitals and physicians facing such shortages. The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19, has resulted in massive strain in healthcare systems in several countries. The experience of Lombardy is interesting in that despite Italy having the third most number of ICU beds per capita, after the United States and Germany, physicians have had to limit resources due to shortages [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author = Krishnan, Lakshmi title = Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5436 sentences = 303 flesch = 44 summary = This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. cache = ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276401-zsim1pn2 author = Kay, Emma Sophia title = From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1366 sentences = 58 flesch = 50 summary = When HIV/AIDS first became a major public health concern in the United States in the 1980s, ASOs were established to provide HIV testing and social services to people living with HIV (PLWH) and their families. One ASO that quickly responded to COVID-19 is Birmingham AIDS Outreach (BAO), first established in 1985 as Alabama's first ASO, and a primary provider of social services for PLWH in the Birmingham, AL area. Deemed an "essential" organization under guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration, BAO has remained continuously open even after the Alabama State Governor ordered closure of all non-essential businesses on March 27, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 outbreak [3] . During BAO's first week of COVID-19-related operational changes, it provided 57 telehealth visits, 21 phone counseling sessions, 80 h of legal services, and 172 food and personal care boxes. cache = ./cache/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276529-ol2c7f3x author = Ramasamy, Roshan title = Molecular mechanisms for thrombosis risk in Black people: a role in excess mortality from COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1493 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = We read with interest your recent article by Fogarty et al, in particular their conclusion that differences in thrombotic risk may contribute to ethnic disparities in mortality from Covid-19.(1) This is especially important in the UK, where age-sex adjusted hospital death rates for Covid-19 are 2.17 times higher for people with ethnicity recorded as black compared to those recorded as white, and 1.95 higher for those recorded as Asian.(2) This excess mortality persists after adjustment for deprivation, body mass index (BMI), smoking and comorbidities,(2) and despite correction for region, rural or urban living, deprivation, household composition, socioeconomic status, and health.(3) Similar data from the USA shows that in 14 states, African-Americans represent 33% of hospitalisations for Covid-19, despite only making up 14% of the catchment population.(4) Black ethnicity is a construct incorporating diverse populations of African descent. cache = ./cache/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276524-th6eu11h author = Atallah, Bassam title = Thrombotic events following tocilizumab therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a Façade for prognostic markers date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2630 sentences = 141 flesch = 42 summary = His D-dimer was over 6 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and started on intensified prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin infusion (UFH) 7500 units TID per our COVID anticoagulation protocol [4] . D-dimer was over 6 times ULN on transfer: Patient was directly placed on high intensity thromboprophylaxis with heparin 7500 SC TID and received tocilizumab on second day of admission. Additionally, the fact that thrombotic events continued to be observed despite decrease in inflammatory markers and the proactive anticoagulative approach adopted, raises more questions about the coagulative mechanisms at play in COVID-19, and the appropriate management strategy. Additionally, the fact that thrombotic events continued to be observed despite decrease in inflammatory markers and the proactive anticoagulative approach adopted, raises more questions about the coagulative mechanisms at play in COVID-19, and the appropriate management strategy. cache = ./cache/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276392-m1bbt8bo author = Asyary, Al title = Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1835 sentences = 127 flesch = 56 summary = title: Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia Abstract This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19 statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia has one of the highest proportions of death related to Covid-19 cases among countries in the world, with the epicenter of the disease being its capital, Jakarta (Organization, 2020a) . These variables were number of Covid-19 positive cases, deaths, and patients who recovered, and sunlight exposure. Figure 1(b) shows that the duration of sunlight exposure for Covid-19 patients in Jakarta fluctuated daily. In this study, we found that higher duration of sunlight exposure was related to more cases of recovery from Covid-19 among patients. In this case, Covid-19 patients who experienced sunlight exposure when they were receiving care either in hospitals or home settings were more likely to recover from the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276549-r5l4pse8 author = Dastoli, Stefano title = Are erythema multiforme and urticaria related to a better outcome of COVID‐19? date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 452 sentences = 38 flesch = 51 summary = Eosinopenia has been associated in up to 81% of cases 3 and was proposed as possible diagnostic marker for the disease. 5 We can speculate that the non-drug related EM and U might be associated to systemic eosinophilia secondary to a strong response to COVID-19, and therefore possibly to a better outcome of the disease. 9 U not related to drug reaction was reported in up to 4% of COVID-19 patients, 10 In conclusion, we might suppose that EM and U, when associated to eosinophilia, could be related to a better outcome of COVID-19. Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan: a retrospective observational study COVID-19, chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases and eosinophils-observations from reported clinical case series Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination Clinical and histopathological study of skin dermatoses in patients affected by COVID-19 infection in the Northern part of Italy cache = ./cache/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276391-g43ktrj9 author = Browne, Rodrigo A.V. title = Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2903 sentences = 162 flesch = 55 summary = title: Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis Background This study reports the accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in hypertensive older adults. For older adults with hypertension who represent a high-risk group (Espinosa et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020) , the description of movement behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic may play accelerometer wear time. We highlight that the decreases in PA and the increases in SB levels occurred in a sample of hypertensive older adults who already had low PA (~5,800 steps/day, ~5 hour/day of light PA, and ~15 min/day of moderate-vigorous PA) and high SB (~11 hour/day) levels before the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may elicit unhealthy changes in movement behavior in hypertensive older adults, characterized by an increase in time spent in SB and a decrease in time spent in PA, especially on weekend. cache = ./cache/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276720-cltnk0rg author = Montrone, Michele title = Favourable outcome of COVID-19 in an ALK-positive NSCLC patient receiving Alectinib date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1155 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = Here we report the case of a 69 years old male patient affected by non squamous stage IV ALKpositive non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first line Alectinib, admitted on March 15 2020 to the Emergency Room of local General Hospital due to worsening dyspnea, hacking cough and low-grade fever (37,5°C), unresponsive to acetaminophen and severe respiratory failure. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of ALK-positive advanced NSCLC successfully treated with Alectinib developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 with severe respiratory failure during targeted therapy and reporting a favourable outcome. More recently two cases of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in an ALKpositive and a ROS1-positive NSCLC receiving targeted therapy 9 . Treatment guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published 10 but no guideline has been published to date for the treatment of NSCLC during SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in selected population as patients with oncogene-addicted cancers receiving targeted agents. cache = ./cache/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276829-c1krlejx author = José Antonio, Soriano Sánchez title = EARLY REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE AMONG MEMBERS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETIES date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1603 sentences = 81 flesch = 52 summary = Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe economic consequences by local governmental measures to contain the outbreak1 We provide insight on the impact that healthcare restriction has made on neurosurgical activity in Latin Iberoamerica. By using the FLANC as a 53 platform, we aimed to provide an insight on the socioeconomic impact that healthcare 54 restriction has made on Latin Iberomerican neurosurgical practice as a baseline to 55 understand the potential financial burden it will imply (especially to other physicians 56 involved in non-essential treatment) in terms of sustainability if these measures are to be 57 overcome) this crisis. The medical praxis has also been affected, as the World Health Organization has 181 recommended reducing activity with the advance of epidemy in local countries to provide 182 essential care to give the best use of resources to contain the outbreak and reduce infection 183 rates 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276483-4yp4beuh author = Cooper, Isabella D title = Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7893 sentences = 405 flesch = 36 summary = Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis. Years of hyperinsulinaemia that would manifest overt pathologies such as obesity, CVD, hypertension and cancer would come with an already heavy-risk burden list, which includes: increased haemoglobin glycation damage, intracellular haem-oxidation with reduced antioxidative capacity, increased haem-oxygenase haem catabolism thus producing increased endogenous carbon monoxide production, leading to increased risk of DVT and subsequent PE and decreased mitochondrial vitamin D hydroxylase activation. cache = ./cache/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276592-dsilwfl1 author = Chou, Calvin L title = How COVID-19 Disrupts—and Enhances—My Clinical Work date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1381 sentences = 72 flesch = 61 summary = Now, in this new era of attention to hand hygiene and social distancing, I paranoically and abashedly attempt to reproduce the sterile technique I learned from my days in the basic science lab, expanding my alcohol wiping to doorknobs and surfaces throughout the medical center-indeed, to any possible hideout of renegade coronavirus. I have to remind myself to begin each virtual encounter with a warm hello, an explicitly stated wish that we could be meeting in person, a sound and lighting check, and a brief check-in with the patient about how they are coping with current public health recommendations. With this intentional centering, which takes a bit more effort than usual, I can hear that most of my patients describe anxiety about what they could or should do, and this response leads to prioritizing that concern on the list of topics that we collaboratively generate. He assents, and I ask, "What do you know of social distancing?" He says, "To tell you the truth, it doesn't make a lot of sense. cache = ./cache/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276538-q0v26rml author = Guasch, Emilia title = Recomendaciones prácticas en la paciente obstétrica con infección por COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4834 sentences = 519 flesch = 55 summary = Los anestesiólogos formamos parte del equipo multidisciplinar en la valoración de la gravedad de estas pacientes, su seguimiento y su cuidado peri-operatorio, por lo que una valoración exhaustiva de las gestantes ingresadas, gracias al uso de algoritmos como el presentado en la figura 2 permite aumentar la eficiencia de nuestro cuidado: -El reconocimiento de gravedad en presencia de neumonía, se realizará de forma inmediata en la valoración inicial si hay presencia de insuficiencia respiratoria (SaO2 <90% aire ambiente, 93% en gestantes) o frecuencia respiratoria ≥ 30 RPM o fallo de uno o más órganos o necesidad de vasopresores. Los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo y la infección por COVID hacen a la paciente obstétrica más susceptible a la hipoxia, por lo que es importante la preoxigenación, si bien, en general, no se recomienda el uso de gafas de alto flujo. cache = ./cache/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276879-u39a6nwc author = Crotty, Frances title = Nursing homes: the titanic of cruise ships – will residential aged care facilities survive the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2480 sentences = 157 flesch = 52 summary = 11 This group identified three main issues leading to failure to contain the outbreak: first, inadequate communication and management guidelines for RACF; second, delay in the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to the sector; and third, failure to control the spread of the virus within facilities. The Communicable Diseases Network Australia has released National Guidelines for the Prevention, Control and Public Health Management of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Residential Care Facilities. A centralised government-funded pool of appropriately trained staff skilled in both infection prevention and care of the elderly would have been useful to deploy at Newmarch House during the outbreak as many of their staff were required to quarantine. Two other options could be considered if the health care system were to become overwhelmed and rationing required limiting access to hospitals: cohorting to specific COVID-19 facilities and cohorting within the resident's own RACF. cache = ./cache/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276635-0ciy732e author = Nijjer, Sukhjinder Singh title = Optimal management of acute coronary syndromes in the era of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4483 sentences = 279 flesch = 48 summary = While PPCI remains the treatment of choice for STEMI, the number of COVID-19 cases in Wuhan and Lombardy raised sufficient concerns that thrombolysis should be considered in certain circumstances. Low-risk patients with low Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores and small troponin-rises can be stratified, and if appropriate, then early urgent angiography can be considered on an 'outpatient' basis without inpatient stays. The treatment for ACS is well established, and while Key points ► Prompt and early revascularisation, with appropriate personal protective equipment, remains the default treatment approach for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the COVID-19 era. ► Critically unwell patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, without onsite catheter lab facilities or too unstable for transfer should be considered for thrombolysis and activation of services for facilitated PCI if necessary. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction presentations and in-hospital outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276676-lgt0rzob author = Moka, Eleni title = Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5882 sentences = 274 flesch = 35 summary = Indeed, the pandemic has already affected cardiac surgery units in multiple ways: limited number of available ICU beds and ventilation sites, necessity to postpone or cancel elective and/or complex cardiac interventional procedures, patients developing COVID-19 post cardiac surgery, coronavirus patients necessitating urgent cardiac operations, cardiac anesthetists' in-hospital transfer to staff and support ICUs in front of the pandemic, infected health care providers with consequent shortage of medical and nursing practitioners, restrictions in clinical meetings, and cancelation of training and continuing medical education [6, 8] . Based on the current understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and the clinical characteristics of cardiovascular surgical patients, in this review, the authors highlight related anesthesia concerns and provide practical recommendations in reference to perioperative planning and management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, along with a focus on disease control and prevention in the times of COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276834-20lcihf4 author = Idilman, Ilkay S. title = Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4508 sentences = 249 flesch = 48 summary = title: Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy We evaluated lung and kidney perfusion abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and investigated the role of perfusion abnormalities on disease severity as a sign of microvascular obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a large proportion of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 had PDs in their lungs and kidneys, which may be suggestive of the presence of systemic microangiopathy with micro-thrombosis. KEY POINTS: • Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, associated with disease severity, can be detected by pulmonary DECT. Here, we aimed to evaluate lung and kidney perfusion abnormalities in COVID-19 patients by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and to investigate the role of perfusion abnormalities on disease severity as a sign of microvascular obstruction. Perfused blood volume (PBV) images and iodine maps were generated using DECT post-processing software ("Lung PBV" and "Virtual unenhanced" in syngo Dual Energy; Siemens Healthineers) on a dedicated workstation. cache = ./cache/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276626-ujbmukj0 author = Rascado Sedes, P. title = Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19♦ date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3894 sentences = 529 flesch = 53 summary = En esta situación, las sociedades científicas SEMICYUC, representante de los especialistas en Medicina Intensiva, y SEEIUC, representante de las enfermeras de atención al paciente crítico, se plantean la necesidad elaborar un plan de contingencia para dar respuesta a las necesidades que conllevará esta nueva enfermedad, con los siguientes objetivos: Aportar a las autoridades y gestores sanitarios y a los clínicos un documento técnico que aborde todos los aspectos relacionados con la identificación de las necesidades asistenciales de los pacientes graves ante la pandemia del nuevo virus SARS-Cov-2, para una planificación integral y realista de los servicios de medicina intensiva a escala nacional, autonómica y en cada hospital. Así, estima el número de hospitalizaciones y fallecimientos, el número de personas hospitalizadas, el número de pacientes que requieren atención en la UCI, el número de estos que requieren ventilación mecánica y el grado de saturación de los servicios disponibles para atenderlas. • Los pacientes con COVID-19 críticos deben ser atendidos en una UCI por especialistas en medicina intensiva. cache = ./cache/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276895-p85obwp2 author = Carriazo, Sol title = Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3633 sentences = 197 flesch = 43 summary = The current issue of Clinical Kidney Journal presents 15 articles on COVID-19 and kidney disease from three continents, providing a global perspective of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on electrolytes and different kidney compartments (glomeruli, tubules and vascular compartments) and presenting clinically as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy, among others, in the context of a brand-new cardiorenal syndrome. The present issue of Clinical Kidney Journal (ckj) contains reports from the most affected countries (Figure 1 ) that illustrate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on electrolytes and the kidneys, the different possibilities for acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) and the impact of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on chronic RRT, with emphasis on preventive measures and providing insights into therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276641-40r4mitg author = Elkhouly, Enas A title = Should cancer treatment be continued during the COVID-19 pandemic? A single Egyptian institution experience date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3109 sentences = 235 flesch = 60 summary = The aim of this article is based on the fact that the potential threat of COVID-19 to immunocompromised cancer patients as a result of their disease or the treatment delivered is thought to be significant, so it is of great importance to study the best measures to be used by oncology centres to prevent or limit the exposure of cancer patients to COVID-19 and to provide cancer treatment to patients in need, as safely and as correctly as possible. After the appearance of COVID-19 in Egypt, it should be a must to take a rapid action by MCOD, until the arrival of national strategies from higher authorities, so the outpatients were classified into two groups: Group 1 patients under follow-up either as control or hormonal therapy (HT) and Group 2 patients under active treatments (surgery, chemotherapy (ChT), radiotherapy (RT), biological therapy or immunotherapy) either as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment or for metastatic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276908-9jthjf24 author = Gupta, Akanksha title = COVID‐19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5174 sentences = 385 flesch = 57 summary = In last two decades, entire world faced three major outbreaks of coronaviruses like Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and novel coronavirus disease i.e., COVID-19. Previously, CoV causes an epidemic of SARS in humans and infected thousands viruses belong to family Coronaviridae, which shows crown-like appearances under an electron microscope. A recent study published, relied on this approach, using the predicted structure of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins based on their homology with other known coronavirus protein structures, and identified several compounds with potential antiviral activity. [39, 77] A biological preparation provides active acquired immunity against particular infectious disease like COVID19 [51, 68] 5 Shenzhen, China SARS-CoV, NL63, HKU1 The organosulfur in the essential garlic oil inhibit the ACE2 (host-receptor site of the virus) and main protease of the virus as well as to treat the infection due to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276711-y74zr7fn author = Winthrop, Kevin L title = To immunosuppress: whom, when and how? That is the question with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2452 sentences = 114 flesch = 42 summary = 1 After a difficult March 2019 of high hospitalisation and death rates with COVID-19, on 1 April their institution started a standard protocol of treating patients with COVID-19 with high-dose methylprednisolone for 5-7 days during which time individuals not showing clinical improvement were also given the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor-blocking agent tocilizumab. An early observational report from China that used propensity methods to match steroid-treated COVID-19 cases to noncases suggested non-significant trends towards worse outcomes among those using 40-50 mg of methylprednisolone per day compared with those not using steroids. 19 Contrary to this study, an institutional cohort at the University of Michigan of patients with COVID-19 on mechanical ventilation suggested a strong survivor benefit for those using tocilizumab, as mortality was nearly halved, despite an increase in secondary bacterial infections. Their phase 2/3 adaptive trial first reported that in phase 2, sarilumab was not effective in patients with less severe COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, those not mechanically ventilated 27 ). cache = ./cache/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276870-gxtvlji7 author = Bobrowski, Tesia title = Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5089 sentences = 219 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we explore the dynamics of the response of the scientific community to several epidemics, including Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), as assessed by the numbers of clinical trials, publications, and level of research funding over time. However, despite many experimental and clinical studies, no effective drugs or treatments have emerged to treat the previous six epidemics of bird flu, SARS, swine flu, MERS, Ebola, and Zika as well as, thus far, COVID-19. We evaluated the number of publications (in both peer-reviewed journals and ArXiv preprint servers) and the number of clinical trials performed over the course of the epidemic to estimate the engagement and success of the scientific community in response to the seven major outbreaks of the past two decades: bird flu, SARS, swine flu, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276945-gly0stxm author = Coxon, Kirstie title = The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3955 sentences = 145 flesch = 49 summary = This observation, also seen in other countries which gather and report case ethnicity (Khunti et al., 2020) , has shocked many; the reasons are not fully understood, but it is clear that people with BAME ethnicity, whether they are pregnant women, members of the public, essential workers or health care providers, need to be pro-actively protected from contracting COVID-19. Yet women and midwives remain very much affected; care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal weeks has changed radically and fast, and basic elements of the midwife-woman relationship such as meeting in person and providing a comforting touch have been upended in an attempt to maintain distance and reduce cross-infection. Commonalities include concerns around supply of PPE, high numbers of healthcare staff affected by the virus, and steps taken to reduce pregnant women's exposure to health settings by switching to online and telephone consultations where possible. cache = ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277086-j7hih6o9 author = Atchison, Christina J title = Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3876 sentences = 206 flesch = 52 summary = Preventive behaviours included information on perceived effectiveness and actual adoption of preventive behaviours (to protect oneself and others), to prevent both contracting COVID-19 and onward transmission, and were collected under three categories: (1) hygiene practices (wearing a face mask, washing hands more frequently with soap and water, using hand sanitiser more regularly, disinfecting the home, covering nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing) (2) travel avoidance (travel to affected countries and travel to areas inside and outside the UK, regardless of whether they were affected) (3) social distancing (avoiding public transport, social events, going out in general, going to hospital or other healthcare settings, crowded places, and contact with people who have a fever or respiratory symptoms). cache = ./cache/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276957-pk33dl8q author = Hu, Xuejiao title = Development and Clinical Application of a Rapid and Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5649 sentences = 287 flesch = 47 summary = To accelerate clinical diagnostic testing for COVID-19, we conducted a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a novel RT-LAMP assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA for potential use in centralized facilities and point-of-care settings. The detection results obtained using the RT-LAMP assay showed good concordance with those obtained using the RT-qPCR In Cohort I, 35 of 37 nasopharyngeal swabs from 24 COVID-19 patients were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive according to the criteria of RT-qPCR (28 samples) and NGS confirmation (7 samples) (see Table S3 in the supplemental material). Subsequently, we evaluated the RT-LAMP and standard RT-qPCR assays on 329 nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of 129 suspected COVID-19 patients and on serial upper respiratory samples from an asymptomatic carrier, and the inconsistent samples between RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR were further subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for SARS-CoV-2 confirmation. cache = ./cache/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276984-npgalqoz author = Dahl Mathiasen, Victor title = Uneventful case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1779 sentences = 114 flesch = 51 summary = Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Fourteen days after admission, the patient still had discrete coughing and intermittent fever, and was referred to a COVID-19 drive-in test unit for an oropharyngeal swab, which was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using PCR. We present a case of mild COVID-19 in a patient in immunosuppressive therapy due to kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus and prednisolone were continued in our patient, although recently published data show that immunosuppressive therapy is often discontinued in kidney transplant recipients. 4 Immunosuppressive therapy was relatively modest in this case, while other risk factors favouring a severe course of COVID-19, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease and obesity, were present. cache = ./cache/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276769-th7iou21 author = Khan, Suliman title = Coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19): causative agent, mental health concerns, and potential management options date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3375 sentences = 173 flesch = 45 summary = Despite physical health consequences, COVID-19 pandemic has created stress and anxiety, as result there is an increased risk of mental illnesses both in the infected and normal individuals. Although bats are thought to be the source of origin for SARS-CoV-2, the intermediate animal that caused the transmission of virus to humans, is still unknown [3] . The individuals at higher risk of developing severe disease after contracting the infection should be give the priority for treatment and providing the mangeemtn and health servicesConsidering the importance of COVID-19 in the aspects of the asymptomatic spread of the virus and adverse health impacts, it is deemed necessary to investigate the factors associated with the rate of infectiousness and severity of symptoms. After originating in bats, SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, spread all over the world through human to human transmission, and infected millions of individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277019-salizr5n author = Horowitz, James M. title = Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1636 sentences = 96 flesch = 44 summary = title: Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial; • Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration; • Management of clot in transit is controversial. We present a case of a patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with deteriorating oxygenation and hemodynamics. In this case, we highlight the utility of TEE in the evaluation of the unstable patient while in the prone position, and further demonstrate the consequences of the potential hypercoagulable state of COVID-19. Given rapid hemodynamic and respiratory decompensation with a significantly elevated Ddimer level, an emergent TEE (Philips Affinity, X7 probe) was performed to exclude proximal pulmonary embolism (PE), and to evaluate for alternative causes of deterioration while patient remained in prone position (Figure 2) . Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients on CT Angiography and Relationship to D-Dimer Levels cache = ./cache/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author = Yamin, Mohammad title = Counting the cost of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4178 sentences = 236 flesch = 64 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China's Hubei province. In recent years we have witnessed an increased growth and spread of communicable and highly contagious viruses and diseases like EBOLA [3] , HIV Aids [4] , Swine Influenza (H1N1, H1N2) [5] , various strands of Flu [6] , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [7] and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [8] in Africa, the Middle East and several other parts of the world. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( Fig. 1) , which is resulting in a heavy toll on people's lives and colossal economic damage. cache = ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277117-11m27kmi author = Khialani, Bharat title = Transcatheter management of severe aortic stenosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4660 sentences = 241 flesch = 46 summary = With the primary goal of reducing the risk of spread of COVID-19, protecting patients and healthcare teams and preserving access to necessary/emergency care, the UK National Health Service (NHS) issued specialty guidance for the management of cardiology patients during this time. 4 While surgical valve replacement (sAVR) was the treatment of choice for decades, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an increasingly safe and effective treatment option in patients at high or intermediate risk. 26 The PARTNER 2A trial, which randomised 2032 patients with intermediate surgical risk (Society of Thoracic Surgery Predicted risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score 4%-8% and Heart Team consensus) to either TAVI or sAVR, demonstrated equivalent outcomes at 2 years. ► Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective treatment for AS and has less impact on hospital (and particularly critical care) capacity than surgical AVR. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis at low and intermediate risk: systematic review and metaanalysis cache = ./cache/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276784-8lmg97zc author = Boziki, Marina Kleopatra title = COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4769 sentences = 225 flesch = 33 summary = Moreover, the management of chronic neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), underwent guided modifications, such as an Extended Interval Dose (EID) of Disease-Modifying Treatment (DMT) administration, in order to minimize patients' exposure to the health system, thus reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize existing evidence of key immune pathways that the SARS-CoV-2 modifies during COVID-19 and the relevant implication for MS and other autoimmune diseases with associated demyelination (such as Systemic lupus erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome), including the context of potential neuroinvasion by SARS-Cov-2 and the alterations that DMT induces to the immune system. In this respect, the clinical implication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS needs to be carefully evaluated in long-term prospective studies that assess not only physical disability measurements but also cognition, patient-reported outcomes, and quality of life, thus aiming to elucidate COVID-19-related long-term effects on MS-related neurological status and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277098-nxetsw13 author = Naqos, N. title = The study of physical and mental distress among cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1643 sentences = 132 flesch = 55 summary = The European Society of Medical Oncology and the Portuguese Health Authority recommended both a symptomatic survey and laboratory testing in all cancer patients (pts) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment (IT). The impact of this intervention was evaluated comparing the hospitalization rate of cancer pts due to COVID-19, before and after the introduction of RT-PCR testing. Among all COVID-19 hospitalizations, the prevalence of pts under IT was similar before and after the implementation of the RT-PCR testing (2.2% vs. Methods: 123 cancer patients hospitalised to receive chemotherapy at the oncology centre of the University Hospital of Marrakech were included from 23 March to 11 May 2020. Conclusions: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the vast majority of cancer patients (more than half) in our study developed anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 infection. Egypt Background: Treatment of stage IV cancer during COVID19 pandemic is a challenge, and we need to maintain survival benefit, patient safety, and health care resources at the same time. cache = ./cache/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277201-jzjxsetx author = Mazo, Jahinover title = More than Just Pneumonia: Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Two Middle-Aged Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2648 sentences = 141 flesch = 40 summary = We suspect that a prothrombotic inflammatory response provoked by coronavirus disease could be the culprit, acting as an additive effect on middle-aged patients with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism. In addition to coagulation factor abnormalities, other reported findings of increased D-dimers, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase further support the assertion that a prothrombotic response to the virus is driving the thromboembolic events among COVID-19 patients [9] . Severe COVID-19 infections have also been associated with an inflammatory prothrombotic state, also potentially playing a key role behind the increase in reported thromboembolic complications. We suspect that the existing risk factors present along with the superimposed prothrombotic state induced by COVID-19 induced inflammatory response may have precipitated the development of the venous thromboembolism resulting in PE. e CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report on management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients outlines various recommendations for management of acute VTE. cache = ./cache/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277110-e27lm7rr author = Iria, Neri title = Major cluster of pediatric “ true ” primary chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2903 sentences = 181 flesch = 52 summary = We reported demographical, laboratory and clinical features, history of close contact with COVID‐19 patients, presence of similar skin lesions in other family members, precipitating and risk factors for chilblain onset. All rights reserved In April 2020, we observed a growing number of chilblain-like manifestations similar to coldinduced lesions during the pandemic, with the opportunity to study 8 cases, 2 children and 6 adolescents, and report here our results. The aim of this study is to verify whether the chilblain-like lesions were a cutaneous clue for SARS-CoV-2 infection or due to other causes. All rights reserved -PCR-assay on blood samples for Parvovirus B19 DNA and Enterovirus RNA -PCR-assay on skin biopsy for Parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 was performed in a single patient (12.5%). Various cutaneous findings were observed in adults infected with COVID-19 and, simultaneously, a marked increase of chilblain-like lesions occurred worldwide among children during the COVID-19 pandemic 10, 11 In our cases we exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277203-14he8n3u author = Chen, Chang title = Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1275 sentences = 102 flesch = 56 summary = Conclusions Among patients with COVID-19, Favipiravir, compared to Arbidol, did not significantly improve the clinically recovery rate at Day 7. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 doi: medRxiv preprint Sample size estimation: the expected clinical recovery rate of the experimental group is 70%, the clinical recovery of the control group is 50%, α = 0.025 (single side), β = 0.20, power = 0.80. For the main efficacy indicator/primary outcome (clinical recovery rate after 7 days or the end of treatment), the comparison between the experimental group and the control group adopts the optimal test. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 doi: medRxiv preprint Comparison of duration of fever, cough relief time and auxiliary oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation rate between 2 groups Table 3 displayed duration of fever, cough relief time and auxiliary oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation rate between the favipiravir and arbidol groups. cache = ./cache/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277189-fe8ego7f author = Szabados, Bernadett title = Clinical Characteristics and Outcome for Four SARS-CoV-2-infected Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1698 sentences = 103 flesch = 50 summary = Preliminary data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with higher mortality among cancer patients, particularly in those on systemic therapy. During this period, 11 patients (15%) developed symptoms consistent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and four (5%) tested positive. These data suggest that the higher risk of COVID-19 death associated with systemic therapy in cancer may not apply to patients on ICIs. Assessment of COVID-19 severity in these patients can be complicated by the underlying cancer and its treatment. Preliminary data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 ) is associated with higher mortality among cancer patients [1] . Current data on COVID-19 mortality among cancer patients group treatment modalities such as immune therapy and targeted therapy (n = 7) together, which is flawed [3] . The fever and cough resolved 5 d later, and the patient resumed his cancer treatment after completion of his self-isolation period. cache = ./cache/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277146-4a4vz36h author = Aggarwal, Mukul title = Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19: An Update date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4630 sentences = 271 flesch = 40 summary = Multiple reports have reported the presence of deranged parameters of coagulation in patients of In this review, we will discuss the various pathophysiological mechanisms leading to COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC), derangement in laboratory parameters, incidence, and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention and treatment of CAC. Pulmonary Intravascular Coagulation, its Histopathological Evidence and Contribution of Cytokine Storm COVID-19 patients have been shown to have high levels of D-dimer [8, 9] but unlike patients of sepsis, they only have a mild prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), mild thrombocytopenia [4, 9] . They recommend standard dose LMWH as most preferred agent followed by UFH then DOAC for acutely ill and critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy cache = ./cache/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277315-e26oc883 author = Dhiman, Sapna title = Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5560 sentences = 321 flesch = 51 summary = Caregivers not using tele-rehabilitation along with a perception of it being a poor medium for rehabilitation were at greater risks for poor mental health whereas a negative perception on homecare therapy were strongly associated with higher psychological symptoms and strain. The overall result of the study shows a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among caregivers tending children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Apart from it, we found several demographic, social factors and services related to care of child are associated with depression, stress, anxiety symptoms and perceived strain. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs cache = ./cache/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277328-9s8fwg1h author = Zhuang, Yuandi title = Dynamic changes on chest CT of COVID-19 patients with solitary pulmonary lesion in initial CT date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3918 sentences = 217 flesch = 59 summary = RESULTS: 22 COVID-19 patients (11 males and 11 females, with an average age of 40.7 ± 10.3) developed a solitary pulmonary lesion within 4 days after the onset of symptoms, the peak time of CT score was about 11 days (with a median CT score of 6), and was discharged about 19 days. The inclusion criteria were as follows:(1) Patients with positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory or blood specimens; (2) initial chest CT scan appearing as solitary lesion; (3) meeting the discharge criteria in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (trial 7th edition) published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China [9] ; (4) patients underwent ≥ 3 chest CT scans before discharge, and CT imaging data were complete and accessible. Spearman rank correlation test was performed, because the discharge time and the peak CT score did not coincide with normal distribution and Spearman r and p values were provided in graphs the time of maximum lung lesions during hospitalization, among whom four were patients with severe COVID 19. cache = ./cache/cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277328-9s8fwg1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277237-tjsw205c author = Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo title = In-host Modelling of COVID-19 Kinetics in Humans date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3609 sentences = 273 flesch = 58 summary = Based on the target cell model, COVID-19 infecting time between susceptible cells (mean of 30 days approximately) is much slower than those reported for Ebola (about 3 times slower) and influenza (60 times slower). The best model to fit the data was including immune responses, which suggest a slow cell response peaking between 5 to 10 days post onset of symptoms. [29] improve the fitting respect to the target cell model (Table 2 ) even when very long eclipse phase periods 121 are assumed (e.g 100 days), implying that this mechanism could be negligible on COVID-19 infection. Here, based on the results of the 159 target cell model in Table 2 , we found that COVID-19 infecting time between cells (mean of 30 days 160 approximately) would be slower than those reported for Ebola (about 3 times slower) and influenza (60 161 times slower). Modeling Within-Host Dynamics of Influenza Virus Infection Including Immune Responses cache = ./cache/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277313-5f5lrn3c author = Hayakawa, Satoshi title = Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4622 sentences = 280 flesch = 51 summary = 20 However, fortunately, clinical data suggest no deleterious outcomes of pregnant women who are infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy compared with those infected with SARS-CoV or MERS. In another report from Wuhan, of 13 pregnant women who developed COVID-19 during pregnancy, one woman delivered a dead fetus at 34 weeks of gestation, but the cause of fetal death was speculated to be severe maternal pneumonia and multiple organ failure rather than viral infection of the fetus. 22 Another report showed that 3 of 33 pregnant women who developed COVID-19 during pregnancy in Wuhan showed evidence of intrauterine infection by cord blood PCR test. While early studies showed no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother-to-child in late pregnancy, 21 recent reports have shown possible in utero transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases cache = ./cache/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277347-5innqoip author = Huang, Y. title = A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2948 sentences = 166 flesch = 57 summary = title: A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 METHODS: In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome data were collected and analyzed from 223 COVID-19 patients stratified into 125 non-severe patients and 98 severe patients. For the diagnosis markers, we found that the levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in severe group compared with the non-severe group on admission (D-Dimer: 87.3% vs. The laboratory findings on admission were shown in Table 1 Table 2 is the summary of case studies (4, 5, 9, 10) examining the association between clinical characters and COVID-19 in the meta-analysis, dividing into two subtypes: severe and non-severe patients. Figure shows the association between elevated risk factors and severity of COVID-19 in the meta-analysis: CRP (A), LDH (B), PCT(C) and D-dimer (D). cache = ./cache/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277356-tay0kfyj author = Patel, Rusha J. title = Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2295 sentences = 136 flesch = 47 summary = title: Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic 10 In the absence of readily available peer-reviewed information, North American head and neck surgeons discussed the complicated issue of protecting the providers, operating room staff, clinic staff, and patients via email chains, social media messaging platforms, message boards, and text groups. Sensing this need for "real-time" information, institution-specific data on head and neck surgery practice patterns during the COVID19 pandemic was collected and distilled into an accessible spreadsheet. Here is presented the data from 14 different institutions, focusing specifically on early practice patterns related to head and neck surgery and patient care. [11] [12] [13] As surgical resources continue to be limited, serious multidisciplinary consideration will need to be given to alternate methods of head and neck cancer care. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277014-iz8jo44e author = Hu, Weihua title = Disorders of sodium balance and its clinical implications in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective study date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3643 sentences = 202 flesch = 43 summary = This study indicates that severity of the disease, the length of stay in the hospital of surviving patients, and mortality were higher among COVID-19 patients with sodium balance disorders. CONCLUSION: Sodium balance disorder, particularly hyponatremia, is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Hubei, China, and it is associated with a higher risk of severe illness and increased in-hospital mortality. reported hyponatremia to be much common (50%) amongst hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States [13] , and recently study further suggested that serum sodium concentration was inversely correlated with IL-6, and hyponatremia was associated with a more severe outcome of COVID-19 disease [14] . The associative disorders of serum sodium balance, their clinical characteristics, severity, and outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have not been established. It was revealed that disease severity, the length of hospital stay for surviving patients, and mortality were high among COVID-19 patients with sodium balance disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276938-hv2ttwr8 author = Artru, Florent title = Acute immune thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19 and decompensated cirrhosis date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1315 sentences = 88 flesch = 51 summary = We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. Published data suggest that poor outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Laboratory tests performed over the next days showed a rapid decrease of platelet count from baseline values around 70 g/L (chronic moderate thrombocytopaenia due to liver disease and hypersplenism) to a nadir of 1 x10 9 /L (figure 1). ► Treatment of ITP in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with high-dose dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) appears to be effective. cache = ./cache/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277188-t33nw4zb author = Fang, Jie title = Efficacy of Early Combination Therapy With Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4641 sentences = 227 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: The early combined usage of LHQW and Arbidol can significantly accelerate the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19 by reducing the time to conversion to nucleic acid negativity, the time to chest CT improvement, and the length of hospital stay. One case report of four patients with mild or severe COVID-19 in Shanghai (China) found that combining antiviral drugs (lopinavir/ ritonavir or Arbidol) with TCM (Shufengjiedu capsule) resulted in a significant improvement in clinical symptoms . In conclusion, this retrospective study demonstrated that the early administration of LHQW + Arbidol combination therapy could significantly accelerate recovery in patients with moderate COVID-19 by reducing the time to conversion to nucleic acid Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org September 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 560209 negativity, the time to chest CT improvement and the length of hospital stay. cache = ./cache/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277178-nbotxv35 author = Vindrola-Padros, C. title = Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) during the COVID-19 pandemic: a living systematic review date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5044 sentences = 307 flesch = 51 summary = Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyse the implementation and impact of remote home monitoring models (virtual wards) during COVID-19, identifying their main components, processes of implementation, target patient populations, impact on outcomes, costs and lessons learnt. There is a paucity of published literature on the models of care developed to implement remote home monitoring across different healthcare contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, the experiences of staff implementing these models and patients receiving care, the use of data for monitoring progress, resources required, as well as the impact of these models on clinical, process and economic outcomes. The included articles were analysed using a data extraction form developed in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) that extracted data on: the design and general characteristics of the model, patient populations, main reported process and clinical outcomes and its potential economic impact. cache = ./cache/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277416-agnpksxn author = Lu, Xuefang title = High Resolution CT Imaging Dynamic Follow-Up Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3588 sentences = 159 flesch = 51 summary = Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and dynamic follow-up changes of high resolution CT (HRCT) in 270 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The HRCT images of the chest of 99 patients(36.67%) showed ground glass opacity(GGO), mainly under the pleura; 44 cases(16.30%) showed GGO with focal consolidation; 52 cases (19.26%) of small patch edge blur density increased; 38 cases (14.07%) of large patch consolidation; 92 cases (34.07%) bronchial vascular bundle thickening and vascular crossing signs; 9 cases (3.33%) had air bronchial signs ( Figure 4) ; 13 cases (4.81%) had solid nodules with a diameter of <0.5 cm in the same lung lobe; 10 cases (3.70%) of grid shadows or stripe shadows; 43 cases (15.93%) of diffuse lung lobe lesions, showing "white lung." Of the 270 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in this group, 69 (25.56%) had chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, bullae), and 86 (31.85%) showed signs of cardiovascular disease (valve calcification, aortic wall calcification, coronary arterial wall calcification), 13 patients (4.81%) had bilateral pleural effusion, and 8 patients (2.96%) had mediastinal or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (short diameter ≥ 1.0 cm), 11 cases (4.07%) were accompanied by abnormal signs of the upper abdomen, including fatty liver, liver cysts, and gallbladder stones. cache = ./cache/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author = Zhang, Hongyan title = Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 157 flesch = 44 summary = Secondary analyses included the reporting of clinical presentation and outcomes based on the different cancer types, and the association between mortality due to COVID-19 and whether the patient was receiving ongoing active anticancer treatment (systemic therapy, local therapy, or a combination). 5, 16 Rather, in the current study cohort of 107 patients, we observed that active anticancer treatment within 1 month of a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with profound lymphopenia (median of 0.55 vs 1.05 for those on follow-up) and markedly elevated inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (36.00 vs 27.40) and procalcitonin (0.17 vs 0.06). The results of the current study demonstrated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 107 patients with different cancer types, and suggested a high incidence of severe illness and case fatality rates compared with the community population. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277248-7qnymo98 author = dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title = Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2806 sentences = 135 flesch = 49 summary = This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. This study reports three cases of COVID-19 comprising pregnant women with severe respiratory failure and evaluates the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in obstetric clinics in Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The newborns were premature in two of the three cases due to the need to perform the C-section, but none of the newborns presented symptoms of infection, and all three tested negative for COVID-19 using RT-PCR that tested nasopharyngeal secretions. An analysis of 38 Pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277228-zk4arqw5 author = Suleiman, Aiman title = Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3545 sentences = 189 flesch = 49 summary = The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the preparedness of frontline doctors to COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan and in the Middle East. Independent t-test was used to investigate for significant associations between self-reported preparedness score, knowledge score, and adherence score with gender, presence of institutional protocol for dealing with COVID-19 patients, availability of PPE, psychological interactions, institutional support, and previously dealing with COVID-19-positive or suspected patients. Institutional preparedness is reflected by making safety measures available for doctors and by providing clear protocols to deal with COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277357-lpurk7pe author = González-González, Everardo title = Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3999 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = title: Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection Here, we demonstrate the use of the miniPCR, a commercial compact and portable PCR device recently available on the market, in combination with a commercial well-plate reader as a diagnostic system for detecting genetic material of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19. Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection containing the amplification products of each one of three experiments, where the three different sets of primers (namely N1, N2, and N3) were used to amplify the same range of concentrations of template. Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection others), we observe differences in the performance of each primer pair. cache = ./cache/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277252-yw5wcq1e author = Belen-Apak, F. Burcu title = Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 669 sentences = 41 flesch = 37 summary = authors: Belen-Apak, F. title: Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy As PIC is the first step of the disease, the patients fail to respond to classical treatment modalities targeting pulmonary oedema, ARDS and MAS with cytokine storm. Plasminogen and TPA has been used in COVID-19 patients in a few studies and have been shown to be beneficial in improving respiratory capacity [7, 8] . According to the previous literature, we think the major pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease starts with hyper coagulation and PIC. Why the immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia are distinct from macrophage activation syndrome with disseminated Intravascular coagulation Pulmonary pathology of early-phase, 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer Is there a role for plasminogen activator (tPA) as a novel treatment for refractory COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Plasminogen improves lung lesions and hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277529-z2r14w2k author = Stella, Alessandro title = Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes? date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3634 sentences = 194 flesch = 42 summary = We were intrigued by the remarkable overlap between these clinical manifestations and some of the typical manifestations of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), a largely recessively inherited monogenic inflammasomopathy (autoinflammatory disorder involving the inflammasome) caused by mutations in the MEFV gene that is particularly prevalent in the Mediterranean basin (14) . It is tempting to speculate that FMF patients carrying V726A and R761H variants-which represents the wild type residues in all bats and pangolin sequences-might modulate better their cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the severity of COVID-19 disease in FMF patients, once infected, might be influenced, at least partially, depending on specific MEFV genotypes which shows country-specific differences. FMF, in which Pyrin activity and consequent ASC oligomerization are increased because of MEFV pathogenic variants, may therefore represent a unique opportunity as a disease model to investigate the regulation of the inflammatory response to novel emerging viruses. cache = ./cache/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277405-5l7wsreg author = Andany, Nisha title = Home or Cabin: Community Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1370 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = In Wuhan, China, the original epicenter of the pandemic, large sports and convention facilities were converted into "mobile cabin" hospitals to offload acute care by providing extra beds for patients with mild presentations of COVID-19. 13 These clinical indexes can guide risk stratification and intensity of follow up, either in a mobile cabin setting or in patients' homes with virtual care assessments. In the Dongxihu mobile cabins, 14% of patients required transfer to acute care, 3 which is similar to the rate of hospital transfer that has been documented in a home virtual care assessment model. 9, 10 Although there are potential advantages to the mobile cabin strategy, further comparative research is required to assess the (1) impact on clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, ICU admission, and death, (2) reduction in household transmission, (3) cost-effectiveness, and (4) potential unintended consequences such as transmission to health care workers, over-medicalization of those with mild-to-moderate viral infection, and psychologic distress of institutionalization. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 421 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 treated in a mobile cabin hospital cache = ./cache/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277260-7se220oz author = Gosain, Rohit title = COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5926 sentences = 306 flesch = 39 summary = Since the emergence of the first case in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, tremendous research efforts have been underway to understand the mechanisms of infectivity and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a fatal virus responsible for abysmal survival outcomes. Data from China thus far have shown that cancer patients infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or ICU admission, compared to the general population [9•] . The CALAVI trial will be initiated as a randomized global clinical trial to assess the potential of acalabrutinib in the treatment of the cytokine storm associated with severely ill COVID-19 patients [86] . An exploratory meta-analysis of 32 studies showed evidence of reduced mortality after receiving various doses of convalescent plasma in patients with severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology [92] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277528-t0tglg0a author = Tay, Yi Xiang title = Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3253 sentences = 175 flesch = 50 summary = title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals' risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. It is important to put into context how SIT and SGH prepared the students for the 57 challenges and designed strategies for safe resumption of clinical placements. This 80 communique was developed for all SIT Health and Social Science (HSS) students in 81 preparation for their clinical placement resumption and had all elements of risk control 82 measures for students' compliance. SIT and SGH have collaborated in 304 many aspects of clinical placements, namely managing students' well-being, meeting 305 learning outcomes and adhering to national and HCIs' risk control measures through the use 306 cache = ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277489-lsrqko6p author = Lai, Chih-Cheng title = Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2128 sentences = 112 flesch = 62 summary = title: Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status of days between the first reported case and 29 February 2020) was greatest in China (1320.85), followed by the Republic of Korea (78.78), Iran (43.11) and Italy (30.62). This is probably the reason why there was only 39 cases (as of 29 February 2020) with a DCI of 1 case per day in Taiwan, which is much lower than that of nearby countries such as the Republic of Korea and Japan. According to a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 has affected 85 403 pa-tients in 57 countries/territories and has caused 2924 deaths as of 29 February 2020, of which approximately 92.9% of cases and 97.1% of deaths have been in China [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277539-xt2nt11e author = Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title = Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4502 sentences = 296 flesch = 50 summary = Despite the avalanche of information that has exploded in relation to this rapidly spreading disease, there is a lack of consolidated information to guide dentists regarding clinical management including precautions to take materials to use and postprocedure care, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan can be formulated and adapted to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan of measures can be formulated and adapted according to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow. cache = ./cache/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277548-hgmmtew3 author = Lou, Emil title = Perspectives of cancer patients and their health during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2839 sentences = 129 flesch = 47 summary = Participants receiving active treatment reported greater concern about infection from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (p<0.001), higher levels of family distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.004), and greater concern that the general public does not adequately understand the seriousness of COVID-19 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing active treatment for cancer were most concerned about the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the logistics as well as potential efficacy of ongoing cancer treatment, longer term effects, and overarching societal concerns that the population at large is not as concerned about the public health implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary objective of this survey study was to compare emotional well-being and decision-making among cancer patients undergoing therapy during the COVID-19 health crisis to two control groups: 1) cancer survivors who are not currently undergoing treatment and 2) those without a history of cancer. cache = ./cache/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277567-nf6t4ni6 author = Bakkar, Sohail title = Impact of COVID-19 on thyroid cancer surgery and adjunct therapy date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1842 sentences = 92 flesch = 47 summary = Since papillary carcinoma was the preoperative diagnosis in all cases, radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) therapy was also planned 3–4 weeks following surgery after withdrawing thyroxine and achieving a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 30 mU/L. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact of the restrictive healthcare measures applied in the kingdom of Jordan in the time of COVID-19 on treatment plans for thyroid cancer patients. The primary outcome of interest was to assess the impact of restrictive policies applied for COVID-19 on safe and timely delivery of both surgery and its adjunct therapy (remnant ablation by means of RIA). In a region of no or low COVID-19 prevalence, restrictive policies applied did not affect the safe and timely delivery of surgical care for thyroid cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277564-x5qfxag3 author = Kim, Si-Hyun title = Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1310 sentences = 78 flesch = 47 summary = title: Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea Patients with findings suggestive of COVID-19 should be placed in a negative-pressure isolation room in the ED until the results of the rRT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 are confirmed as negative. However, patients requiring emergency surgery before confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test results are evaluated for the risk of transmission by infectious disease specialists and the infection control team based on 3 criteria: clinical signs or symptoms, epidemiological risk, and chest radiological findings (Fig. 1 ). Patients who still have unconfirmed SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test at the end of the surgery are transferred to the cohort ward, a single room, or a negative-pressure isolation room according to their risk. cache = ./cache/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277123-ekaqbruo author = Novosad, P. title = The COVID-19 mortality effects of underlying health conditions in India: a modelling study date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4721 sentences = 237 flesch = 48 summary = Objective: To model how known COVID-19 comorbidities will affect mortality rates and the age distribution of mortality in a large lower middle income country (India), as compared with a high income country (England), and to identify which health conditions drive any differences. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the proportional increase in age-specific mortality in each country due to the prevalence of each COVID-19 mortality risk factor (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, chronic heart disease, respiratory illness, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer, among others). 4, 9, 10 To date there has been limited analysis of the prevalence in LMICs of the specific conditions associated with increased COVID-19 severity, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, nor of how they change the expected level and age distribution of mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277343-0el69uxr author = Berkhout, Suze G. title = Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)? date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1875 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = In this short piece, we make sense of this claim, drawing on intersectional feminism(s) to understand why an analysis that considers gender alone is inadequate to address both the risks and consequences of COVID-19. In the popular press, COVID-19 has been called "a disaster for feminism" (Lewis 2020) as heightened care obligations within the pandemic context negatively impact many women's financial and employment security. But when we consider gender in relation to other axes of social oppression, it is also clear that in Canada and in the United States, for instance, Indigenous, Black, and Latinx women are incarcerated at disproportionate rates, even as the white female prison population has grown (Kajstura 2019) . Within the larger context of racialized health inequity, gender, economic disadvantage, age, and (dis)ability intersect in ways that lead to differential access to the supports that assist individuals in coping with the sequelae of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277568-eqgxk63s author = Sory, Barry Ibrahima title = Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1980 sentences = 163 flesch = 64 summary = Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive allant de Janvier 2020 et Avril 2020, portant sur les activités de consultation et d'hospitalisation dans le service de cardiologie de l'hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry. Durant cette étude allant de Mars à Avril 2020,nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation contre 450 patients pour les deux mois précédant la déclaration officielle de la pandémie en Guinée soit une baisse de 71,1% (320 patients). Durant cette étude allant de Mars à Avril 2020,nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation contre 450 patients pour les deux mois précédant la déclaration officielle de la pandémie en Guinée soit une baisse de 71,1% (320 patients). Entre Mars et Avril 2020, nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation externe contre 450 patients pour les deux mois qui ont précédé le début de la pandémie en Guinée (Janvier à Février 2020), soit une baisse de 71,1 % (320 patients). cache = ./cache/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277669-uujny2dm author = Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo title = Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7443 sentences = 476 flesch = 40 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can differentially infect multiple tissues (i.e., lung, vessel, heart, liver) in different stages of disease, and in an ageand sex-dependent manner. In particular, treatments with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) may help to reduce hyperinflammation and viral propagation, while infusion of soluble ACE2 may trap plasma viral particles and increase cardioprotective Ang-(1–9) and Ang-(1–7) peptides. SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates in the respiratory system, when the S protein of its external layer binds the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) at the plasma membrane of host cells [5] . It was originally suggested that elevation of ACE2 might favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in COVID-19 patients with underlying CV disease and ACEi/ARB treatment [92] . It was originally suggested that elevation of ACE2 might favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in COVID-19 patients with underlying CV disease and ACEi/ARB treatment [92] . cache = ./cache/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277697-bdzx4hzk author = Pessaux, P. title = Réponse à « Stratégie pour la pratique de la chirurgie digestive oncologique en situation d’épidémie de COVID-19 » date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1091 sentences = 121 flesch = 68 summary = Cependant, cette série n'est pas suffisante pour conclure que les patients atteints de cancer avaient un risque plus élevé de COVID-19. La pneumopathie à coronavirus était tout de même marquée d'un risque de mortalité plus élevé chez les patients avec un cancer. Certains auteurs chinois [5] n'attribuent pas ce risque accru au cancer lui-même, mais pourrait être dû à mesures de prévention de l'infection à SARS-CoV-2, et de l'adaptation de l'organisation des soins au sein des établissements de santé. Publication chinoise à l'appui [8] (cas clinique contre 3 patients avec un cancer ayant fait une forme grave dans le papier de Liang et al.), la colectomie pour cancer peut se passer très bien même chez le patient COVID+. L'arrêt quasiment de toute activité chirurgicale oncologique [1] ne serait pas sans conséquence avec des pertes de chance certaines mais difficiles à évaluer à ce stade. cache = ./cache/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277603-hpn1ovgo author = Strapazzon, Giacomo title = To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high-altitude disease date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1055 sentences = 60 flesch = 39 summary = Some clinicians have found the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia to be similar to high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) [1] , and such theory has been amplified via social media. The assumption that the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia are similar to HAPE [1] may rely on the initial clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients, showing profound hypoxaemia with no respiratory distress, similar to patients with acute high-altitude disease that have a chemoreceptor dysfunction. The pathogenesis of the two diseases (HAPE and COVID-19 pneumonia) is clearly different, despite similarities in clinical features, chest imaging and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in later stages, as has recently been emphasised by LUKS et al. The use @ERSpublications COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection; high-altitude pulmonary oedema is a non-cardiogenic oedema. Clinicians should focus on the development of therapeutic strategies based on the pathogenesis of the disease, and should remember that COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection primarily leading to diffuse alveolar damage and airway inflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277646-l956pxe5 author = Münch, Urs title = Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1645 sentences = 225 flesch = 36 summary = title: Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensivund Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) Die Aufgabe der psychosozialen Unterstützung dieser Menschen mit ihrer Not und Angst in dieser existenziellen Krisensituation lastet somit größtenteils und zusätzlich zu al-Der Schmerz len anderen Aufgaben auf den Schultern der Pflegekräfte und Ärzt*innen vor Ort. Darüber hinaus ist selbst bei sterbenden, mit COVID-19 infizierten Patient*innen für Zugehörige kein Abschiednehmen möglich, da diese Patient*innen in vielen dieser Einrichtungen keinen Besuch erhalten können. cache = ./cache/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277350-zwu254n6 author = Bianco, F. title = Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1544 sentences = 83 flesch = 45 summary = title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined a list of AGMP, during which the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be recommended for all involved theater staff [4, 5] . We report a retrospective case series of six COVID-19 positive male patients undergoing emergent surgical treatment for gastrointestinal complications. Considering the high risk of disease transmission during AGMP, we support the use of both PPE and AB to protect surgical staff during the current COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277643-xh8z9v0m author = Khatiwada, Asmita Priyadarshini title = Paradigm shift of drug information centers during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3930 sentences = 184 flesch = 38 summary = Pharmacists played a crucial role in direct patient care, medication information, and proper drug distribution with proactive communication among themselves and with other HCPs during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic. However, new roles including immunization, contraception, public awareness, identifying infected patients and redirecting them to hospitals and isolation centers, logistics, supplies and clinical management, and being an information hub for patients and HCPs regarding the disease, transmission, preventive measures, management approaches, and investigational medications were identified [14, 15] . Even though the various services provided by the pharmacists during different pandemics were not directly through DICs, pharmacists were actively involved in the dissemination of information on the disease and investigational World Health Organization (WHO)-approved/non-approved medications to the patients, HCPs and the public. Detailed information on COVID-19 and its effects in patients with various health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, neurological issues, and respiratory illnesses, can be disseminated to HCPs and patients/ public via DICs, thereby promoting the role of pharmacists in patient management. cache = ./cache/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277712-sx5k0m4q author = Hu, Ling-Qun title = COVID-19 and improved prevention of hospital-acquired infection date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 787 sentences = 47 flesch = 53 summary = Many hospitals in the US implemented their own protective measures as a response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic even before the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended voluntary mask wearing in the public. Even with these extra precautionary measures, healthcare workers have been disproportionately infected, with 9,282 reported cases of COVID-19, resulting in 27 deaths, with 55% of respondents saying they contracted the virus while at work based on a report from the CDC on April 9th, 2020 (2) . In contrast to Europe and North America that have been especially burdened by COVID-19 and only advocated for social distancing and handwashing, countries in Asia with visibly lower mortality and infection rates shared the common practice of protective masking and handwashing [ Figure 1 ]. We should take this opportunity to ease not only the challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic but also other hospital-acquired infections such as seasonal flu. cache = ./cache/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277648-9kxwkcbl author = Overholt, Kalon J. title = Dissecting the common and compartment-specific features of COVID-19 severity in the lung and periphery with single-cell resolution date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10003 sentences = 421 flesch = 39 summary = Bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have identified stark transcriptional differences between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, indicating that immunological responses may be highly compartment-specific [21, 22] . We used identical methods to separately analyze multi-donor scRNA-seq datasets from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in COVID-19 patients classified by severity strata as well as healthy control subjects to investigate severity-specific immune dysregulation in the lung and periphery. When we increased this analysis to include all of the cell types found in the BALF (Figure 3A We next investigated pathway-level changes occurring in PBMCs and found that differential gene expression between ARDS and non-ARDS patients supported the detection of statistically enriched pathways through GSEA. cache = ./cache/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277576-3dvt6uj7 author = Demir, Erol title = COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter experience in Istanbul date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2243 sentences = 169 flesch = 51 summary = INTRODUCTION: Management of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients should include treatment of the infection, regulation of immunosuppression, and supportive therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Although uremia and kidney transplantation are not considered a risk factor in COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 often causes a moderate or severe infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. 2, 4, 5 To the best of our knowledge, the use of favipiravir and anakinra in the treatment of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients has not been previously reported. In conclusion, COVID-19 has been seen to more commonly cause moderate or severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients, possibly due to immunosuppressive therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277210-xaj2623u author = Weinkove, Robert title = Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6044 sentences = 315 flesch = 38 summary = • Adopt measures within cancer centres to reduce risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 acquisition; support population-wide social distancing; reduce demand on acute services; ensure adequate staffing; and provide culturally safe care. Patients with cancer could be at elevated risk of severe COVID-19, while delivery of cancer therapies could be disrupted by quarantines, social distancing measures, and interruption of routine health care delivery by the pandemic. 38 Community spread of COVID-19 has the potential to diminish the donor pool, to threaten the capacity of cancer services to provide routine transfusion support, and to increase the risks that transfusion-dependent patients will come into contact with other individuals with SARS-CoV-2. We present interim guidance for clinicians caring for patients with cancer who may be particularly vulnerable both to severe COVID-19 and the potential impact of the pandemic on the provision of cancer investigations and treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277698-g8sylrsj author = Chen, Dexiong title = Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID‐19 after 14‐day of quarantine period date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 485 sentences = 46 flesch = 65 summary = However, Lauer et al 9 recently reported that 1% (101 out of every 10 000 cases) of suspected cases or close contacts would develop symptoms of COVID-19 after 14-day of quarantine period. In our study, 4 cases of the family cluster were diagnosed as COVID-19 after they had undergone 14-day of quarantine period. Taken together, we believe that the incubation period of some COVID-19 cases could be longer than 14 days. As a result, the quarantine period of some suspected cases or close contacts could be prolonged to more than 14 days in order to miss diagnosis of COVID-19. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application cache = ./cache/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277765-koa8ao10 author = Stoddard, M. title = COVID-19 isolation and containment strategies for ships: Lessons from the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4779 sentences = 236 flesch = 53 summary = We assumed disease dynamics in this period reflect the underlying rate of disease spread before outbreak response measures such as increased testing-based isolation and mass evacuation began impacting the number of cases. The Navy employed two strategies to control the Roosevelt outbreak: removal of sailors at random by mass evacuation and targeted removal of sailors who tested positive by isolation (either onboard or onshore) (LaGrone, Jun 2020). In Figure 2 , we assess the impact of a mass evacuation-based outbreak mitigation strategy, in which testing is absent and sailor removals are exposure-agnostic. The selected strategy involves evacuation of 5% of crew members daily until 10% of the initial crew remains; testing at a rate of 10% of the total crew daily; and immediate implementation of both measures at the time of detection of the first case ( Figure 6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277693-6lrawta5 author = Wang, Yuanzhuo title = Contributions of dermatologists to COVID‐19 research: a brief systematic review date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1408 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = 298 articles were included and classified into cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, operating experience against COVID‐19, mechanisms and treatment of COVID‐19, disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)‐related skin diseases and other topics. 70 articles focused on cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 (n=70), followed by the management on patients with common skin diseases (n=68), operating experience against COVID-19 (n=49), mechanisms and treatment of COVID-19 (n=34), disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)-related skin diseases (n=27) and other topics(n=50). This study systematically reviewed contributions of dermatologists to COVID-19 research. We hope this study may help dermatologists to have a better understanding of the mechanisms, management, and the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, the operating experience of dermatology clinics in the " red-zone" area, and to use disinfectant and personal protective equipment properly. Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times cache = ./cache/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277739-eb4z3u66 author = Hu, Ke title = Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3665 sentences = 195 flesch = 48 summary = title: Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial In the latest publication, Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsule (Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China) was a manufactured product of the traditional Chinese medicine formula marketed in China that could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, alter the viral morphology and confer anti-inflammatory activity in vitro . On the basis of usual treatment, we sought to explore the safety and efficacy of LH capsules in patients with Covid-19 by conducting a multicenter randomized controlled trial in mainland China. Eligibility criteria consisted of the following: 1) Laboratory-confirmed cases with according to the Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronarvirus Pneumonia (4 th edition) which was issued by the National Health Commission (General Office Of The National Health And Health Commission, 2020) (Panel 1); 2) Being symptomatic (either having fever, coughing, or fatigue) plus radiologic abnormalities consistent with pneumonia; 3) Patients aged 18 years or greater of either sex. cache = ./cache/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277679-sc9hugxr author = Khateb, Mohamed title = Coronaviruses and Central Nervous System Manifestations date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4204 sentences = 245 flesch = 41 summary = This minireview scans the literature regarding the involvement of the CNS in coronavirus infections in general, and in regard to the recent SARS-CoV-2, specifically. In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. Accumulating evidence implies a possible link between infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Accumulating evidence from the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, together with literature on other coronaviruses, suggest that infection with coronaviruses may be related to CNS manifestations or complications, including anosmia, acute ischemic strokes, viral meningoenchephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute flaccid paralysis, and other presumably post/para-infectious syndromes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277774-kec1o4ys author = Wang, Shangqian title = The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1528 sentences = 84 flesch = 48 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which invades a cell through binding to the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming. Most patients with severe COVID-19 present with pneumonia-related symptoms, but some patients with severe disease could develop serious urinary complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), which requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 1 . Furthermore, male reproductive systems are vulnerable to infection; dramatic changes in sex hormones in patients with COVID-19 have been observed, suggesting gonadal function impairment 2 . Similar findings were also observed in autopsy kidney samples from patients with MERS-CoV infection 4 , which showed degeneration of the renal tubules, including ectasia changes and necrosis, sloughing, and loss of brush surface in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cache = ./cache/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277770-sbieo46s author = Oni, Tolu title = Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2572 sentences = 115 flesch = 40 summary = In this current debate piece, focusing on two of the four risk factors that contribute to >80% of the NCD burden, we consider the possible ways that the restrictions put in place to control the pandemic, have the potential to impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours and their determinants. By considering mitigation responses implemented by governments in several LMIC cities, we identify key lessons that highlight the potential of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to retain health as a priority beyond the context of pandemic response. In rapidly urbanising low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a double burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), malnutrition and the precarity of livelihoods [1] have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multisectoral government COVID-19 responses in these cities to address social inequities highlight the feasibility of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to support healthy eating and active living. cache = ./cache/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277812-4cz2hziz author = Sieni, Elena title = Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment‐induced immunosuppression date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1345 sentences = 75 flesch = 48 summary = Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it has emerged that the clinical course and outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is definitely more favourable in children than in adults.1 Few cases of infection in children with cancer are described; also in these patients, except for one reported case,2 the disease was largely asymptomatic.3 Nevertheless, the management of COVID-19 in young patients with comorbidities, particularly cancer, remains a challenge for the clinician; further data are required to optimize the clinical approach to these cases. Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it has emerged that the clinical course and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is definitely more favourable in children than in adults. On day 18, routine laboratory testing further improved (WBC 2080 cells/µl with 48% neutrophils, Hb 112 g/l, PLTs correspondence 297 000/µl, negative CRP), and she was finally discharged, despite persistent positivity for SARS-CoV-2 at nasal swab, with oral prophylactic anti-microbial therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277717-q6jbu0r3 author = Alonso, J. title = Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5061 sentences = 263 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses including studies on health care workers have documented that the first wave of the COVID-19 was associated with an increase of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and burnout, as well as other adverse psychosocial outcomes. Notwithstanding the limitations, our study shows a high prevalence of current mental disorders among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1 in 7 presenting a disabling mental disorder. cache = ./cache/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277788-6ls21tkr author = Nelson, Brian C title = Clinical Outcomes Associated with Methylprednisolone in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 216 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: Clinical outcomes associated with the use of methylprednisolone were assessed in an unmatched, case-control study; a subset of patients also underwent propensity-score matching. Our study evaluated the association of methylprednisolone treatment with duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in intubated, critically-ill patients with COVID-19. We observed an increase in the number of ventilator-free days and the likelihood of extubation, as well as a statistically non-significant trend towards improved mortality, in the corticosteroid group when compared to control patients in a propensity-matched cohort by day 28. Although this benefit was greatest in the subset of patients that required mechanical ventilation, the trial only evaluated outcomes through hospital day 28 and did not assess other corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone [14] . We found that treatment with methylprednisolone increased the number of ventilator-free days and probability of extubation compared with a propensity matched control group among patients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation, but we did not detect a significant difference in mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277700-nxm1jr0x author = Chassagnon, Guillaume title = AI-Driven CT-based quantification, staging and short-term outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4879 sentences = 245 flesch = 49 summary = (i) Two independent cohorts with quantification based on ensemble 2D & 3D consensus neural networks reaching expert-level annotations on massive evaluation, (ii) Consensus-driven bio(imaging)-marker selection on the principle of prevalence across methods leading to variables highly-correlated with outcomes & (iii) Consensus of linear & non-linear classification methods for staging and prognosis reaching optimal performance (minimum discrepancy between training & testing). The approach relied on (i) a disease quantification solution that exploited 2D & 3D convolutional neural networks using an ensemble method, (ii) a biomarker discovery approach sought to determine the share space of features that are the most informative for staging & prognosis, & (iii) an ensemble robust supervised classification method to distinguish patients with severe vs non-severe short-term outcome and among severe patients those intubated and those who did not survive. cache = ./cache/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277801-auq3msc6 author = Deora, Harsh title = Adapting Neurosurgery Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Indian Subcontinent date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4978 sentences = 268 flesch = 50 summary = Material and Methods An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. Suspension of elective procedures, severe curtailment of the regular outpatient appointments, drastic modifications of the normal OPD/OR practices and apprehensions related to inadequacy of safety provided by PPE usage and financial losses of private establishments were some of the visible themes in our survey results. cache = ./cache/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277833-x81ni7m5 author = Stienen, Martin N. title = COVID-19 in Europe: Le roi est mort, vive le roi! date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1499 sentences = 80 flesch = 58 summary = 4, 5 In the past couple of weeks, the COVID-19 crisis with its near 2.5 million confirmed cases (170,000 casualties) has fundamentally impacted our practice as spine surgeons worldwide, as it has exerted a significant effect on us as human beings. Most spine surgeons in the public sector in Europe are employed by hospitals -on more or less fixed salary -without major economic pressure to operate and with the comfortable protection of high social security standards for a system-relevant profession. It is sad but very likely that the heavy blow of this crisis is yet to come: as the European economy continues to bleed out, unemployment and poverty are on the rise, which has a well-known and long-lasting (spanning over several generations) negative effect on bodily and mental health. The patient fulfills certain risk factors for unfavorable course in case of COVID-19 infection and according to the NASS (North American Spine Society) guidelines he would qualify for "elective" or potentially for "urgent" care. cache = ./cache/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277755-wglxa801 author = Dohlman, Jenny C. title = COVID-19 and Ophthalmologic Education: A Call to Innovate date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 787 sentences = 47 flesch = 49 summary = At my own institution, residents have been redistributed from operating rooms and clinics, now cancelled, to essential care only, covering our eye-specific emergency room, inpatient ophthalmology consults and a COVID step-down unit. Across the country, many of my peers have been redeployed from ophthalmology entirely, working exclusively in COVID ICUs, general emergency rooms, and general medicine floors as the clinical demands of the pandemic have outpaced the human resources necessary to care for these patients. 2 While it is apparent that surgical and clinical training have suffered over the past few months as a result of this shift in priorities, it is also true that this challenge has led to rapid innovation in how we teach, learn, and exchange ideas. 5 While it is evident that the education of current trainees in ophthalmology has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, this challenge has also led to rapid innovation in the spheres of education, telemedicine, and research that otherwise never could have happened on such a large and sweeping scale. cache = ./cache/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277916-b4yqek29 author = Sridhar, Arun R. title = QT Interval and Arrhythmic Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3604 sentences = 191 flesch = 44 summary = In patients with serial ECGs, there was no significant change in the QTc interval in pre-specified subgroups of interest, including those with prevalent cardiovascular disease or baseline use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitors. 4, 5 Recent single-center studies evaluating the electrical effects of HCQ in combination with azithromycin (AZM) have identified clinically significant QT prolongation in up to 20% of patients 6, 7 and combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of inhospital cardiac arrest in one observational study. Taken together, in patients with COVID-19 treated with HCQ monotherapy, implementation of a systematic QT monitoring protocol demonstrated a low rate of clinically actionable QT prolongation and no instances of malignant arrhythmias or arrhythmic death. In this retrospective, cohort study of COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ monotherapy, there were no instances of malignant ventricular arrhythmias or arrhythmic cardiac arrest. cache = ./cache/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277936-0ytk77fm author = Rauscher, E. title = Lower State COVID-19 Deaths and Cases with Earlier School Closure in the U.S. date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 833 sentences = 60 flesch = 62 summary = 1,2 Reviews find early school closures can slow influenza transmission when infection rates are higher among children than adults. Using state-ordered school closure dates for each state from EdWeek, time to school closure is the number of days from when the state reached 100 cases until schools were closed. Variation in state prevalence rates on March 13 (zero to 6.6 cases/100,000) allows examination of the relationship between COVID-19 spread and school closure timing. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096594 doi: medRxiv preprint additional day before schools closed (p<0.01). This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. Although COVID-19 has higher symptomatic infection rates among the elderly 6 , earlier school closure is still related to fewer deaths per capita and slower growth in deaths per capita. cache = ./cache/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277816-ncdy9qgb author = Wang, Ji-gan title = Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3600 sentences = 202 flesch = 48 summary = title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis In order to understand the clinical manifestations and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children and discuss the importance of fecal nucleic acid testing.We retrospectively analyzed studies on gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid detection in pediatric COVID-19 patients from January 1, 2020 to August 10, 2020, including prospective clinical studies and case reports. Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19 were vomiting and diarrhea, with a total incidence of 17.7% (95% Cl 13.9–21.5%). At present, there is no relevant study on whether there is a difference in the positive rate of fecal nucleic acid testing in COVID-19 children with and without diarrhea. Clinical features of 33 cases in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. cache = ./cache/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278112-uqxvr77g author = Chen, Binzhen title = Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID‐19 in China: Knowns and unknowns date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2809 sentences = 165 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti‐epidemic strategy. The first dose of convalescent plasma from a COVID-19 patient was collected on February 1, 2020, and the first severely ill patient received CCP treatment at a hospital in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province that was first to be hit by the virus, on February 9, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277862-yl7m77fo author = Li, M. title = Identifying novel factors associated with COVID-19 transmission and fatality using the machine learning approach date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3935 sentences = 228 flesch = 54 summary = To uncover the critical factors for COVID-19 risk within a single country, we used logistic models to predict COVID-19 cases, deaths, and CFRs in the 50 U.S. states. Consistent with the previous results, medium temperature, arid climate, social distancing (major sports events), per capita income, longitude, and the average age of childbirth were positive predictors of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and/or CFRs, and humidity, smoking rate, and international tourism revenue were negative predictors. To compare the relative contribution of high and low temperature in predicting COVID-19 risk, we built logistic models with both variables to predict COVID-19 cases, deaths, and CFRs in the 154 countries. Second, we identified novel factors associated with COVID19, including the unitary state governing system as a positive predictor of COVID-19 cases and deaths, blood type B as a protective factor for All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277926-rt4ye7xt author = Haseeb, Sohaib title = Value of electrocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2945 sentences = 169 flesch = 41 summary = QT prolongation and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias have been associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ), azithromycin (AZ), and antivirals such as lopinavir/ritonavir ( Table 1) , or in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hepatic disease or renal failure [26] [27] [28] . Interestingly, amiodaroneas a medication that can potentially prolong the QT intervalhas been suggested as a possible inhibitor against the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 due to its ability to interfere with the endocytic pathway 46 Critically ill COVID-19 patients will likely be at a higher clinical risk of drug-induced arrhythmia, in which case ECG monitoring will more likely be indicated for supportive medical care. Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278022-sc02fyqs author = Ogundiran, Akin title = On COVID-19 and Matters Arising date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3213 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = The final phase of the editorial process that culminated in this issue of African Archaeological Review (Volume 36, 2) took place in the atmosphere of panic and uncertainties unleashed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. These concepts-for which I will use the acronym, VCRRS-are often invoked in discussions about how past societies have coped with (or failed to manage) climate change, natural disaster, conflict, ecological degradation, resource scarcity, and social inequality and the implications for the present and future. Heritage studies must take advantage of the interdisciplinary approaches of archaeology so that it can be relevant to the needs of African peoples, especially by supporting the quest to liberate Africa from economic and intellectual dependency rather than perpetuating that dependency. A forum has been convened for future publication in the African Archaeological Review that will explore some aspects of this question while also providing a platform to discuss what we are learning in African archaeology and heritage studies from the social, political, economic, and ecological dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278192-wbpk99yh author = Courtney, Alona title = The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer Management Pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3590 sentences = 203 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic against pre-COVID-19 management practice in the UK. This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. They recommended to record and analyse the impact of treatment alterations during the pandemic on the cancer specific patient outcomes [12] . The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic against standard pre-COVID-19 management practice. This is a multi-centre collaborative study of consecutive patients with breast cancer undergoing MDT treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278130-x83kl052 author = Wander, Pandora L. title = Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 774 sentences = 55 flesch = 55 summary = We agree with the recommendations of Zhou et al including the importance of increasing production of personal protection equipment (PPE), training HCWs in proper use, and maintaining a high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 even in patients without respiratory symptoms. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author = Martinez-Sanz, J. title = Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4019 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = Propensity score logistic models predicted exposure at baseline and censoring over time as a result of recognized confounders of severe COVID-19 17, 18 including age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, lung disease), oxygen blood saturation and need for oxygen therapy at baseline, and time-varying parameters of clinical severity (blood pressure, heart rate, total lymphocyte and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, D-dimers, and CRP). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 and Table S2 show the adjusted hazard ratios for exploratory sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with baseline lymphocyte count <1000 cell/µl and baseline D-dimer >1000 ng/mL segregated by CRP levels. 14 However, there are key analytical issues in this setting, including the risk of immortal time bias (i.e., the requirement for patients to survive long enough to receive the intervention of interest, which can lead to a potentially incorrect estimation of a positive treatment effect), and indication bias from time-varying confounding (e.g., the use of tocilizumab following elevations of CRP). cache = ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277874-cr53ycrm author = Neault, N. title = SARS-CoV-2 Protein in Wastewater Mirrors COVID-19 Prevalence. date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7079 sentences = 372 flesch = 49 summary = We believe MPAD based SARS-CoV-2 protein quantitation represents a promising epidemiological tool with a sensitivity sufficiently superior to viral RNA measurement that, in addition to enabling early detection and population tracking of COVID-19 load, will also open the way to effective infection surveillance of specific facilities, schools and residences. Primary sludge and PEG precipitated influent fractions, collected from the contiguous cities of Ottawa and Gatineau in April through June 2020, were analysed for the presence of four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, N (nucleocapsid), M (membrane), S (spike), and E (envelope), by western blot. Next, in order to assure specificity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we used MPAD with an expanded panel to simultaneously measure three viral proteins, N, S and M, along with six fecal content control proteins in PEG precipitated "influent solids" samples drawn from the Ottawa WRRF during the study period ( Fig 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277931-3hxhsmw8 author = Khitan, Zeid J. title = SCan Charcoal Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Infections? date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1090 sentences = 60 flesch = 44 summary = We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation. We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation. It appears that age, renal dysfunction and obesity are amongst the most important risk factors for serious or fatal COVID-19 infection 3, 4 . To test this hypothesis, we would suggest first a proof of concept study where a relatively small group of patients at high risk for COVID-19 complications are given activated charcoal at doses similar to that used in previous renal failure studies 18, 19 when the diagnosis is first made. Uremic Toxins Activates Na/K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop Causing Phenotypic Changes in Adipocytes in In Vitro Models Protein-bound uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress: a cross-sectional study in stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease cache = ./cache/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278068-3kg71nf4 author = Chivese, T. title = A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID19 infection date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9798 sentences = 582 flesch = 53 summary = Objective To synthesize the findings presented in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as to update the evidence using a meta-analysis in evaluating the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ with or without Azithromycin for the treatment of COVID19 infection. A comprehensive search included several electronic databases in identifying all systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as experimental studies which investigated the efficacy and safety of CQ, HCQ with or without antibiotics as COVID19 treatment. To synthesize the findings presented in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as to update the evidence using a meta-analysis in evaluating the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ with or without Azithromycin for the treatment of COVID19 infection. In this respect, we conducted this umbrella review with two broad aims; (1) to assess the efficacy and safety of each of HCQ and CQ, with or without Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID19 by assessing the evidence from existing systematic reviews and metaanalyses, and (2) to carry out an updated meta-analysis of the existing experimental studies to assess the efficacy of these drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277889-8u685f45 author = Costela-Ruiz, Víctor J. title = SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9212 sentences = 552 flesch = 49 summary = The majority of patients infected with COVID-19 have normal or reduced white cell counts and lymphocytopenia, and those with severe disease have shown significantly elevated levels of neutrophils, dimer-D, and urea in blood, with a continuing decrease in lymphocytes. detected elevated levels of the antagonistic receptor of IL-1 (IL-1Ra) in 14 severe cases of COVID-19, and this marker has been associated with increased viral load, loss of pulmonary function, lung damage, and mortality risk [55] . observed that its expression during infection with an influenza virus had negative effects on CD8 + memory T cells [71] .Various studies of COVID-19 patients have detected elevated IL-4 levels as part of the cytokine storm associated with severe respiratory symptoms [16, 17, 43, 72] . Elevated IL-17 levels have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 as part of the cytokine storm [17] , and they have been associated with the viral load and disease severity [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277880-g0c6jchg author = Zhong, Jim title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3121 sentences = 157 flesch = 49 summary = RESULTS: A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by only 0.5%. During the subsequent weeks, the rising number of new COVID-19 cases and hospital admissions in the UK resulted in increased pressures on the national health service (NHS). COVID-19 has brought new challenges for interventional radiology (IR), both in terms of workflow and IR preparedness; however, IR has continued to provide acute and emergency treatments due to the unique value that IR has to offer in terms of adaptability and offering minimally invasive procures (MIPs), the majority of which are done under local anaesthetic which are not aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) [2, 3] . Three out of the six sites report a decrease in workload, whereas the other 50% have performed more cases in the acute setting when compared to the pre-COVID-19 time period. cache = ./cache/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278271-rpq62xhl author = Lyu, Jinglu title = Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4641 sentences = 230 flesch = 46 summary = The frequent childhood vaccinations and repeated pathogens infections might be resulting in trained immunity of innate immune cells, immune fitness of adaptive immune cells or cross-protection of antibodies in the children. Candida isolated from 4 airway specimens in a case report of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia Compared with adult cases, children tend to have milder symptoms, shorter disease course and generally better prognosis. found that memory lymphocytes can also mediate longer-term cross-protection as a byproduct of adaptive immunity: CD8 + memory T cells can be activated by cytokines (IL-12 and IL-18) in early stages of infection in an antigen-independent manner, leading to the production of IFN-γ and enhanced response to subsequent infectious agents (45) . Equipping confirmed COVID-19 patients with these vaccinations as emergent prophylaxis may prevent severe illness caused by secondary infection, in the meantime, it may mobilize the host's lymphocyte response to the opposite direction in response to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278155-4ekdwyrw author = Möckel, Martin title = How emergency departments prepare for virus disease outbreaks like COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 947 sentences = 61 flesch = 59 summary = Acute outbreaks of novel virus caused diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge the national and international healthcare systems and specifically the emergency departments (EDs) as patients, even if they have only mild symptoms, intuitively present in the ED once they fear to have a serious disease. Therefore, EDs need to prepare fast and effectively to address the challenge of walk-in patients who might transmit the virus SARS-CoV-2 without displaying severe symptoms themselves, to protect personnel and vulnerable patient groups who are typically present in the ED at any time like patients with immunosuppression, chronic disease and older age. (3) A set of measures and information needs to be prepared and made available for all potential patients. EDs are prone to be the first contact of patients infected with novel viral diseases like COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278165-ym0ynmxy author = Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder title = Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 659 sentences = 41 flesch = 61 summary = title: Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 The number of emergencies has fallen as people stay away from hospitals and surgeons follow the COVID-19 guidelines to reduce the risk of infection to staff and patients. 6 Surgeons' and theater staff's risk of acquiring an infection is higher because of a combination of factors and the ability of the virus to remain viable on surfaces for a long time. Having been on surveillance for years and reached the threshold for intervention, suddenly they are being told that risk-benefit ratio does not favor surgery in those with <7-cm abdominal aortic aneurysms (6.5 cm in the American College of Surgeons recommendations). Joint surgical colleges guidance for surgeons working during the COVID-19 pandemic Guidance for surgeons working during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 guidelines for triage of vascular surgery patients cache = ./cache/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277941-8twjdyjc author = Scarci, Marco title = Commentary: The double responsibility of the thoracic surgeon at the time of the pandemic: a perspective from the North of Italy date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 418 sentences = 30 flesch = 59 summary = The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the north of Italy at the end of February 2020 10 has taken the local healthcare system by surprise because of exponential increase in the number of daily 11 cases and sheer number of those needed admission to ICUs (1). 14 Although China was ahead of us in terms of experience there were no data available regarding thoracic 15 surgery and the potential post-operative increase in morbidity and mortality. This article has certainly the merit to raise awareness of the problem among thoracic surgical 39 community; unfortunately, the small sample size and the heterogeneity of surgical interventions (lung 40 and esophageal cancer, non-malignant diseases) weakens the recommendations that can be drawn. Covid-19: Italy confirms 11 deaths as cases spread from north Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery 58 and challenges in diagnosis Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and 60 cache = ./cache/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author = Ahmed, Sibtain title = Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4209 sentences = 205 flesch = 47 summary = title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country To ensure such continuity of services, the aim of this review is to highlight the challenges faced by a Clinical https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 Received 6 May 2020; Received in revised form 1 June 2020; Accepted 1 June 2020 Chemistry laboratory in a developing country amid the COVID-19 crisis, the challenges, implementing changes and the lessons learnt. â�¢ Post pandemic world with the anticipated overwhelming financial crisis, will require major resource allocation decisions for inventory management and prioritizing needs for new developments and projects. With the current state of local spread in the country and amid the high chances of contracting COVID-19, it is inevitable that the clinical laboratories take drastic measures and succumb to acceptable alternate plans for ensuring the safety and interests of its valuable employs alongside continuousness of provision of diagnostic services for better health outcomes, in times of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277992-49mantab author = Harikrishnan, S. title = Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 165 flesch = 48 summary = The following were reported in CMR in one of the patients with myopericarditis who had ventricular systolic dysfunction : increased wall thickness with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis, especially in the apical segments, marked biventricular myocardial interstitial edema, and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement involving the entire biventricular wall 18 Cardiological Society of India recommends fibrinolytics and pharmacological therapy as treatment of choice in stable STEMI. COVID-19 patients who are diagnosed as having asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction or clinically overt heart failure should receive standard guideline directed therapy.Careful management of fluid balance, careful monitoring of electrolytes and renal function is very important.Another cardiovascular co-morbidity which can co-exist is venous thromboembolism and adequate prophylactic measures need to be undertaken 13 . Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS DURING THE 2019 CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN WUHAN, CHINA: A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY REPORT cache = ./cache/cord-277992-49mantab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277992-49mantab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278389-cgktbqf9 author = Shaw, William S. title = Opening the Workplace After COVID-19: What Lessons Can be Learned from Return-to-Work Research? date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1831 sentences = 88 flesch = 39 summary = Just as injury and illness have variable effects on workability, the COVID-19 crisis is likely to impact workers differently because of issues like threat of viral infection, health vulnerability, organizational perceptions, income levels, and seniority/job tenure. The existing occupational rehabilitation literature has shown how return-to-work and other worker health and safety outcomes are stratified by income, language, immigration status, social rank, and other measures of socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage. Successful opening of workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic will require significant changes to organizational health and safety policies and practices to show flexibility to individual worker needs, to be fair to workers with less socioeconomic advantage, and to understand the backdrop of stress and social disruption being experienced at all levels of society. cache = ./cache/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278306-wdj5v3rh author = Alharthy, Abdulrahman title = COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2036 sentences = 119 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report This is a rare case-report of a young female with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage kidney disease (on maintenance hemodialysis) who was admitted to our intensive care unit due to life-threatening COVID-19. In this report, the diagnostic dilemmas and the therapeutic challenges due to the overlapping clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings between lupus and COVID-19 pneumonitis are outlined. Also, great controversy exists about the potential role of hydroxychloroquine as protective therapy against COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278142-xnkqg4ef author = Lin, Fang title = Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1970 sentences = 112 flesch = 42 summary = Based on previous studies of cobra venom by the authors and other independent researchers, cobrotoxin, a short-chain αneurotoxin from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV), could be an alternative therapy for COVID-19. In addition, cobrotoxin was shown to attenuate LPSinduced pulmonary edema, decrease the number of hematological CD4 + T cells, inhibit immune cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine excretion in rat acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome [6] . At this time, it is believed that cobrotoxin has the potential to treat patients with COVID-19 or to inhibit SARS-COV-2 infection. 1. Anti-inflammatory activity: NNAV and α-neurotoxins have strong inhibitory effects on inflammation; thus, they could inhibit the cytokine storm caused by SARS-COV2 infection. NNAV also increases the concentration of serum IgG and IgM in mice with dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression, suggesting that NNAV or cobrotoxin could have the potential to restore the immune balance in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278246-mnj0zmkn author = Hussain, Nowair title = A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2986 sentences = 170 flesch = 53 summary = HCQ treated patients had higher rates of adverse clinical outcomes and side effects compared with the control populations. The treatment of COVID-19 positive patients with HCQ has been met with controversy, as there have been no large multicenter randomized control trials to support its use. Studies 1 and 2 both do not cross the effect line at 0, indicating that they are not in agreement with the mortality rate of HCQ treated COVID-19 positive patients. All studies, except Study 6, are in agreement with the results of a disease progression rate of HCQ treatment in patients with COVID [19] . These results seem to be in line with the meta-analysis' of a slight disease improvement in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ as compared with the controls. Our study looks at three disease outcome measures of treatment with HCQ in patients with COVID-19: mortality rates, progression rates, and severity rates. cache = ./cache/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278339-6ddsj014 author = Gianfrancesco, Milena title = Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5376 sentences = 298 flesch = 41 summary = The independent associations between demographic and disease-specific features with the odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and reported as OR and 95% CIs; covariates included in the model were age group (<65 years vs >65 years), sex, rheumatic disease (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or other spondyloarthritis, vasculitis and other), key comorbidities (hypertension, lung disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic renal insufficiency/end-stage renal disease), smoking status (ever vs never), physician-reported disease activity (remission, minimal/low disease activity, moderate disease activity or severe/high disease activity; or as a binary variable: remission and minimal/low disease activity vs moderate and severe/high disease activity), DMARD type (no DMARD, csDMARD only, b/tsDMARD only, csDMARD and b/tsDMARD combination therapy), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use (yes vs no) and prednisone-equivalent glucocorticoid use (0 mg/ day, 1-9 mg/day, ≥10 mg/day). cache = ./cache/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277855-pfmslxy6 author = Nunes Duarte‐Neto, Amaro title = Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID‐19 assessed by ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2896 sentences = 160 flesch = 54 summary = 14, 15 As a rapid response and preparedness for this new epidemic, our University Clinical Hospital (HC-FMUSP) was assigned to treat the patients with severe COVID-19 in the city of Sao Paulo and we developed a procedure of ultrasound-based minimally invasive autopsy (MIA-US) to study the fatal cases. All rights reserved without negative pressure autopsy rooms; the images obtained by ultrasound are good enough to localise and orient the sampling in several organs; it provides information within a time window fast enough to orient the management of critically ill patients. 1 As the WHO has not yet incorporated the autopsy result in the case definition, considering the possibility of false-negative molecular tests and the absence of an alternative diagnosis for the cause of death, we extended the case definition to one patient with acute and fatal respiratory distress, with typical radiological and histological pulmonary changes, even with negative laboratory results. cache = ./cache/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278256-dmrtsxik author = Qiu, Haiyan title = Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study date = 2020-03-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3458 sentences = 199 flesch = 50 summary = title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study INTERPRETATION: Although all paediatric patients in our cohort had mild or moderate type of COVID-19, the large proportion of asymptomatic children indicates the difficulty in identifying paediatric patients who do not have clear epidemiological information, leading to a dangerous situation in community-acquired infections. All children with COVID-19 had been infected either by close contact with adults infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or by exposure to the epidemic area. By contrast with findings in adults, children with COVID-19 had milder clinical manifestations; nearly half of paediatric patients were asymptomatic (ie, no fever and no cough). When compared with children with SARS, paediatric patients with COVID-19 had much milder disease in terms of the prevalence of fever, cough, pneumonia, and severe case type. cache = ./cache/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278406-n5e3a09i author = Macauley, Precious title = CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE COVID-19 LUNG DISEASE: THE PULMONOLOGY PERSPECTIVE FROM THE FIRST UNITED STATES EPICENTER date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1492 sentences = 79 flesch = 39 summary = Reflecting on studies in ARDS, particularly that due to influenza, and on data from the SARS-CoV and MERS epidemics, many authorities, including within the discipline of infectious diseases, were initially passionate in their opposition to the use of corticosteroids for lung involvement in COVID-19. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic first swept across the globe in the first quarter of 2020, the management of the associated clinical entity termed coronavirus disease 2019 became the subject of institutional recommendations (Massachusetts General Hospital, 2020), societal guidelines (Bhimarj et al, 2020), and position statements (Russell et al, 2020) . All too frequently, the features of lung involvement in severe COVID-19 have been conflated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinically defined entity intended to correspond to the histological lung injury pattern known as diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). cache = ./cache/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277841-7sp8ftbc author = Kumari, Pratibha title = Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4873 sentences = 279 flesch = 45 summary = Molecular diagnostic tests target the detection of any of the following markers such as the specific region of the viral genome, certain enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the structural proteins such as surface spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein, or membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is a contagious disease, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this article, we evaluated literature for reports informing various diagnostic methods, potential antiviral chemical therapeutics, and effective treatment strategies towards clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Molecular diagnostic methods target to detect either specific regions of the viral genome or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and/or structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (Table 1) . Like most immunological diagnostic protocols, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for COVID-19 detection uses IgM and IgG antibody against nucleocapsid (N) and receptor binding domain spike proteins (S) of SARS-CoV-2. Table 2: Primers and probes for targeting SARS-Cov-2 genes in an RT-PCR test for COVID-19 diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278536-b4eyegx5 author = Piazza, Gregory title = Registry of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1467 sentences = 93 flesch = 34 summary = OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of arterial and venous thromboembolic disease, risk factors, prevention and management patterns, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, the authors designed a multicenter, observational cohort study. CONCLUSIONS: Major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and symptomatic venous thromboembolism occurred with high frequency in patients with COVID-19, especially in the intensive care setting, despite a high utilization rate of thromboprophylaxis. Whereas the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 are usually attributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and end-organ failure, cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism (PE), also cause disability and death in these patients (1) (2) (3) . Among those admitted to the non-ICU setting (n ¼ 229), the frequency of major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and symptomatic VTE was also elevated but lower than for those with critical illness. cache = ./cache/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278249-vvhq9vgp author = Blot, Mathieu title = CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6238 sentences = 346 flesch = 45 summary = In addition, since most patients need to undergo mechanical ventilation in this context, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) could exacerbate tissue damage as well as local and systemic inflammation, thus acting as a "second hit." Our team has previously shown that mitochondrial alarmins (i.e., mitochondrial DNA) are released by human epithelial cells submitted to cyclic stretch, and these alarmins are also recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from either ventilated rabbits or ARDS patients. This comprehensive evaluation of systemic and pulmonary immune response showed that the higher CXCL10 concentrations in both the systemic and alveolar compartments of patients with COVID-19 ARDS were associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Finally, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, higher mitochondrial DNA concentrations in the plasma and ELF compartment were highly correlated with alveolar inflammation, as assessed by BALF cell count and ELF IL-8 and IL-1β concentrations. cache = ./cache/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278459-27lppl6x author = Banjar, Weam M. title = Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 113 flesch = 50 summary = title: Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience 1, 6 The exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in China caused stress and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs). Due to direct exposure to infected patients, and the demanding nature of their duties, frontline HCWs are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than those indirectly involved in managing the pandemic, and they may need psychological intervention. 5, 10, 11 Reports of mental health problems caused by COVID-19 among HCWs are increasing. As the epidemic curve escalated, the anxiety and tension grew among frontline HCWs. Healthcare facilities quickly realised that demanding professional duty in a challenging work atmosphere with an increasing workload would undermine the mental health of frontline HCWs, and mandated the establishment of mental health support programs. Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience cache = ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author = Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist's Perspective date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7672 sentences = 379 flesch = 39 summary = Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278300-6cr9h7no author = Lu, X. title = Classification of COVID-19 in intensive care patients: towards rational and effective clinical triage date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 98 flesch = 46 summary = We aimed to bridge the gap between disease classification and clinical outcome in intensive care patients, data of which are scarce and such classification could help in individual evaluation and provide effective triage for treatment and management. We constructed a fully Bayesian latent variable model for integrative clustering of six data categories, including demographic information, symptoms, original comorbidities, vital signs, blood routine tests and inflammatory marker measurements. We identified four prognostic types of COVID-19 in intensive care patients, presenting a stepwise distribution in age, respiratory condition and inflammatory markers, suggesting the prognostic efficacy of these indicators. Little attention has been paid to the clinical characteristics and outcomes of intensive care patients with COVID-19, data of which are scarce but are of paramount importance to reduce mortality. We aimed to bridge the gap between disease classification and clinical outcome in intensive care patients, which could help in individual evaluation and provide effective triage for treatment and management. cache = ./cache/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278313-gadui4r7 author = Zakeri, R. title = A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5153 sentences = 316 flesch = 49 summary = 6 A UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) analysis suggested that individuals of Black and South Asian descent had a higher likelihood of death than White people after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, but was limited by lack of information on comorbidities and the use of historic (2011) data for the reference population. In analyses adjusting for the matching variables (age and sex) only, Black and Mixed/Other ethnicity were associated with higher odds of admission compared to White ethnicity ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. These data confirmed a disproportionately higher number of minority ethnic group patients among those admitted for COVID-19 compared with emergency respiratory infection admissions in the preceding year. First, we employ a case-population study to identify an approximately 3-fold higher risk of hospital admission with COVID-19 for Black and Mixed ethnicity groups (but not Asians) compared to White among inner city residents. cache = ./cache/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278558-znqscgxb author = Carvalho, Tatiana Aline title = COVID-19 in Brazil: 150,000 deaths and the Brazilian underreporting date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1414 sentences = 78 flesch = 54 summary = Comparing the deaths by natural causes expected and the excess mortality rate, there is a 22% increase in deaths mainly of male patients and individuals over 60 years old. As discussed in the Lancet editorial, in Brazil, the authors concluded: "The challenge is ultimately political, requiring continuous engagement by Brazilian society as a whole to secure the right to health for all Brazilian people." [10] At the same time, it is necessary to have transparency and clarity in the data about COVID-19, which includes the real rate of deaths and cases associated with the disease. (iii) Maybe, our data represents the Brazilian underreporting for severe patients affected by COVID-19 due to limitations to perform the SARS-CoV-2 screen by RT-PCR. c , The first line for each region represents the excess mortality rate (number of deaths) by natural causes and the percentage at each group according to sex and age. cache = ./cache/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278341-pnrh3r2j author = Monzani, Alice title = Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1267 sentences = 84 flesch = 51 summary = title: Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario The first part of the scenario is the pre-triage where the paediatric nurse/ learner should take a full medical history of the child, showing that the child went with her family to visit some relatives in Codogno, Lombardy area, 10 days before, and her aunt is now hospitalised for a COVID-19 infection. The paediatric nurse should promptly inform the paediatrician and the pre-triage should be completed in the 'red room', dedicated to patients with Key Points 1 A disease-specific scenario for COVID-19 allows testing of local guidelines. After the correct identification of the suspected paediatric case, learners should evaluate the patient and call for the help of the infectious disease medicine consultant (embedded participant). This simulation case provides a way to test and implement procedures for prompt identification, isolation, and management of a suspected COVID-19 infection in a paediatric patient. cache = ./cache/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278418-i8cbrs7y author = Leitner, Stephan title = On the dynamics emerging from pandemics and infodemics date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2465 sentences = 130 flesch = 44 summary = This position paper discusses emerging behavioral, social, and economic dynamics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and puts particular emphasis on two emerging issues: First, delayed effects (or second strikes) of pandemics caused by dread risk effects are discussed whereby two factors which might influence the existence of such effects are identified, namely the accessibility of (mis-)information and the effects of policy decisions on adaptive behavior. As events such as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds complex behavioral patterns which are hard to predict, sophisticated models which account for behavioral, social, and economic dynamics are required to assess the effectivity and efficiency of decision-making. Besides direct effects on behavior there might be indirect and delayed effects of an infodemic, as the spread of mis-information might increase the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic as a dread risk (Zarocostas 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278477-9a7gmzz3 author = Huh, Kyungmin title = Impact of obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, blood pressure, and renal function on the severity of COVID-19: a matter of sexual dimorphism? date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3233 sentences = 182 flesch = 53 summary = Aims This study aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, blood pressure (BP), and kidney function were associated with the risk of severe disease or death in patients with COVID-19. To examine the association between baseline health status and the risk of severe disease in patients with COVID-19, we performed a case-control study, using data from the nationwide registry of COVID-19 cases and from the biennial health checkup database in South Korea. In the present study based on a nationwide COVID-19 registry combined with an independent regular health checkup data, the effect of FPG levels and eGFR on the risk of severe or fatal COVID-19 varied between sex and age groups. In our retrospective study using a nationwide health checkup database, high FPG levels and low eGFR were significantly associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 (including fatal illness among women. cache = ./cache/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278638-2dm54f6l author = Huang, Ian title = Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3105 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278440-vti6xp9v author = Paraiso, Ines L title = Potential use of polyphenols in the battle against COVID-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2338 sentences = 124 flesch = 45 summary = The present mini-review aims to report in silico and in vitro evidence of the potential of polyphenols as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Screening by molecular docking of 33 molecules including natural products, antivirals, antifungals and antiprotozoal agents revealed that rutin (a citrus flavonoid) could bind to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro (PDB: 6Y84) with the highest affinity among the molecules screened [44] . •This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as receptor for host-cell entry and the S protein needs the serine protease TMPRSS2 for priming. A: An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study Evaluation of green tea polyphenols as novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors -an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation study Plant-derived natural polyphenols as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition: An in-silico analysis cache = ./cache/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278629-8fva8fwr author = Zhou, Jun title = Differential diagnosis between the coronavirus disease 2019 and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia by thin-slice CT features date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2463 sentences = 142 flesch = 43 summary = OBJECTIVE: The chest computed tomography (CT) features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (S. CONCLUSION: The findings of GGO, the crazy paving sign, and abnormally thickened interlobular septa on chest CT were significantly higher in COVID-19 than S. From the chest CT data of all 246 enrolled pneumonia patients, the distribution features of disease foci are analyzed and summarized in Table 2 . Although the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (the provisional 7th edition) already abolished the use of typical CT findings as independent criteria for the clinical diagnosis of suspected cases in Hubei Province, many scholars reported that abnormalities might be found in the chest CT of some patients with negative viral nucleic acid detection results [16] [17] [18] . The most important differential points were whether the disease foci had the CT features of lung lobular and segmental distribution, the crazy paving sign, abnormally thickened interlobular septa, and consolidation lesions. cache = ./cache/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278620-mezsjdyb author = Choy, Kay W. title = An urgent call to clinicians and researchers: 2020 acuity required when assessing and reporting laboratory abnormalities in COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1048 sentences = 68 flesch = 47 summary = 2 As study authors compare the significance of laboratory marker results between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups, severe and less severe disease groups, or survivors and non-survivors, in addition to assessment of statistical significance of a marker between the two groups, the biological (and analytical) variation of the marker should be considered as well as the biological significance of the value difference. A meta-analysis of four studies on the role of procalcitonin in patients with severe COVID-19 shows that increased procalcitonin values (above the normal reference limit) are associated with nearly fivefold higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio (OR), 4.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.74-8.29). 2 In a study by Daly et al., implementation of ADA glucose sample handling recommendations resulted in a 2.7-fold increased detection of GDM compared with usual hospital practices. cache = ./cache/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278710-2fiyzl5u author = Kalner, Samantha title = Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 634 sentences = 33 flesch = 46 summary = Reports in literature of the presence of cutaneous findings in patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV2 which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have ranged from 20.4% 1 to 0.2% of the cases 2 . Herein, we present a novel cutaneous finding, a dusky red, non-pruritic, non-blanching periorbital dyschromia that we have observed in several patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Some of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 that have been described in the literature have ranged from erythematous eruptions involving the trunk, to widespread erythema and chickenpox-like vesicles 1 , to skin rash with petechia 3 , to confluent erythematous-yellowish papules on heels bilaterally which progressed to hard, erythematous plaques 4 . We believe that appearance of periorbital dyschromia may potentially serve as an early cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 and as a precursor of the systemic symptoms which seem to follow this presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278581-4vhpoi87 author = Chaudhary, Varun title = National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 701 sentences = 40 flesch = 49 summary = title: National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis Steering Committee to assess awareness of, confidence in, and adherence to recent guidelines released by the Canadian Ophthalmology Society (COS) and Canadian Retina Society (CRS) for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3 All but 2 respondents were aware of national personal protective equipment (PPE Q3 X X) and practice management guidelines from the COS and the CRS. The survey results demonstrated strong awareness among CRS members of the guidelines recently released by COS and CRS in response to the COVID-19 crisis, suggesting that the mechanisms of dissemination used by these governing bodies were successful at reaching their physician members in a timely manner. 4 Thus, in response to COVID-19, we suggest that future mechanisms be refined to coordinate clear, standardized, uniform, and evidence-based guidance for best-practice clinical management and the use of PPE in ophthalmic care. cache = ./cache/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278826-096v6taj author = Pitscheider, Lea title = Muscle involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2645 sentences = 175 flesch = 51 summary = The present study aimed to investigate muscle involvement in an Austrian cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection by analysing CK values, their evolution over the first 2 weeks of the disease course, the relationship to general markers of inflammation and disease severity. In the hyperCKemia population, CK was significantly higher in the influenza ICU (1611; 579 -1776 U/l) than in the COVID-19 ICU population (406; 28-643 U/l), while CRP did not differ between groups (COVIDThe main findings of the present study are that hyperCKemia is frequent in Austrian patients and CK levels correlate with various markers of inflammation in COVID-19 disease. The higher percentage of hyperCKemia in the present study might be explained by differences in disease severity, as CRP was less in the study by Mao [1] , which is also supported by the strong correlation of CRP Accepted Article and other inflammatory markers with CK levels. cache = ./cache/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278702-hacapz8l author = Hirshberg, Adi title = Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1904 sentences = 99 flesch = 44 summary = This was a retrospective, multicenter case series of symptomatic pregnant women who had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and required critical care. The clinical courses of 5 pregnant women with severe cases of COVID-19 disease, all requiring mechanical ventilation, are described below and summarized in the Table. Case 2 involved a 33-year-old G6P5005 with mild asthma who presented, at 26 weeks of gestation, with worsening fevers and respiratory symptoms for 10 days. She was febrile, tachypneic, and hypoxic (with an O 2 saturation level of 86%) on arrival, had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 testing, and displayed multifocal pneumonia based on chest imaging. The results of 2 initial SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative, although she remained critically ill and required vasopressor support. At present, limited data are available on critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19, as evidenced by varying management of our 5 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278609-zxdd06ur author = Sarac, Benjamin A. title = The Impact of COVID-19-based Suspension of Surgeries on Plastic Surgery Practices: A Survey of ACAPS Members date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2767 sentences = 152 flesch = 45 summary = Data on individual and plastic surgery practice demographics, COVID-19 prevention measures, and procedures or services that were being performed or delayed were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic surgeons have seen a drastic decrease in the variety of procedures and services they are allowed to offer during the COVID-19 pandemic. 7 Survey results showed that of the surgeons who normally offer aesthetic services, up to 8% are continuing to perform some of these procedures, which may be a result of the pandemic-caused financial strain. Multiple national societies released recommendations on the approach to breast cancer and reconstructive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2 Survey results showed that oncologic breast surgery continued during the COVID-19 outbreak, which highlights a need for clear guidelines on breast reconstruction. Plastic surgeons have seen a drastic decrease in the variety of procedures and services they are allowed to offer during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278721-g5zqebju author = Jakhmola, Shweta title = Comorbidity Assessment Is Essential During COVID-19 Treatment date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3748 sentences = 233 flesch = 45 summary = Our study revealed that deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are highly significant (p < 0.0001) compared to hospitalized in countries like Italy, France, and Spain unlike the Netherlands. Deaths from kidney diseases (Italyp < 0.0001; Swedenp < 0.0001; Netherlandsp = 0.0001; Francep = 0.0033) and neurological ailments (Francep = 0.0001; Netherlandsp < 0.0001) are significantly higher than the total hospitalized patients affected by the particular comorbidity. The information about numbers of hospitalized or deceased COVID-19 patients with associated comorbidities from individual countries was already provided in their respective reports. The death proportions due to Heart Diseases including, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to the total hospitalized patients in Italy, Sweden, and Spain. Notably we found that heart diseases, including hypertension along with cardiovascular diseases, are the most frequent association with SARS-CoV2 infection in most countries (Italy, France, Spain, and Sweden) except the Netherlands. cache = ./cache/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278933-bwhi4hcl author = Shoji, Hamilton title = Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1057 sentences = 61 flesch = 41 summary = The most relevant pieces of information to be conveyed are presence (or not) of pulmonary involvement, if the findings are compatible with infectious process, and, in positive cases, if the changes are suggestive of viral etiology, particularly COVID-19, even if there is overlapping of findings with other infectious diseases (including other viruses). (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) In these cases, we have highlighted in our reports that "the possibility of COVID-19 should be considered in the differential diagnoses", and also included the estimated extent of parenchyma involvement (greater or lesser than 50%). Computed tomography images of a case with initial clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and its respective report, with tomographic findings suggestive of infectious process, but with characteristics that are not usual in COVID-19. (12) Implementing a structured report should be beneficial, particularly in the current scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, for increasing productivity of radiologists and enabling better understanding of the requesting physicians, with a potential positive impact in management of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278907-xuq3iay5 author = Papoutsi, Eleni title = Global burden of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 847 sentences = 53 flesch = 52 summary = Provision of PPE, placing experienced HCWs mostly in organisational positions, increasing testing, minimising exposure by adjusting shift schedules, and providing food and sleep facilities could be some restorative measures to protect HCWs from #COVID19 https://bit.ly/2zcVARW Contrary to aforementioned number of infected HCWs from WHO, our research revealed ⩾67 569 cases of COVID-19 infected HCWs. Interestingly, countries in Asia seem to have lower infection rates among HCWs; this could possibly be attributed either to the readiness of these countries to deal with outbreaks [5, 6] or to the relatively lower health workforce density in south-east Asia [7] . Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for all healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of COVID-19 in order to protect their health and safety. Moreover, since the virus is in the community and could be spread from asymptomatic carriers, HCWs not working with already diagnosed COVID-19 patients risk exposure to the virus and, hence, also need protective measures. cache = ./cache/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278672-pxzsntfg author = Milenkovic, Aleksandar title = Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 237 flesch = 45 summary = During outbreaks, especially those with a pandemic character, the following key activities [1] which are updated with COVID-19 strategy [2] have been identified whose strict implementation has an impact on the reduction of number of infected people and suppression of the spread of epidemic: 6 . This paper presents the adaptation and extension of existing medical information system (MIS) as an efficient response to the rapid COVID-19 epidemic spread, mostly through influencing the reduction of social contacts and earliest possible identification of potentially infected persons. According to the research findings the integration of patient self-triage tools into electronic health record (EHR) systems has a great potential in improving the triage efficiency and preventing unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed subsystem for the use of existing data from MIS MEDIS.NET in the education of students at the Faculty of Medicine and newly employed workers, as well as for medical research [47] , enables tracking and studying the COVID-19 disease at this stage. cache = ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278839-uu2wlpmp author = Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title = Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7237 sentences = 368 flesch = 43 summary = In 2009, during the H1N1 flu pandemic, an increased ratio of female to male cases was verified, in which pregnant women developed more complications, as severe acute respiratory syndrome, and higher mortality compared to the general population (30, 31) . Additionally, infection by the Lassa virus in pregnant women shows high levels of placental replication, and the risk of maternal-fetal mortality increases with the duration of pregnancy (38, 39) . At first, contagion occurred through contact with some infected animals but, soon there were the first reports of human-to-human transmission (93), The virus was identified as belonging to the coronaviridae family and was designated SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) (94). Chen and collaborators, verified alteration in calcium and albumin levels in the blood of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection (124) , which could potentially increase the severity in COVID-19 (125) . cache = ./cache/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278850-q5eg1uhl author = Yoshida, Shuntaro title = Real-world clinical data of endoscopy-based cancer detection during the emergency declaration for COVID-19 in Japan date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 59 flesch = 41 summary = Therefore, we examined the significance of endoscopy based on the recommendation of Asian-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy and Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the details of gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the declaration of emergency in Japan. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. cache = ./cache/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278881-bj5ebk2s author = Binagwaho, Agnes title = Changing the COVID-19 Narrative in Africa: Using an Implementation Research Lens to Understand Successes and Plan for Challenges Ahead date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2415 sentences = 125 flesch = 41 summary = Implementation research is a tool that can be used by countries to learn how to identify and understand contextual factors impacting COVID-19 prevention and control and select evidence-based interventions and strategies known to reduce spread of the virus. Implementation research is a tool that can be used by countries to learn how to identify and understand contextual factors impacting COVID-19 prevention and control and select evidence-based interventions and strategies known to reduce spread of the virus. Implementation science methods can serve to develop knowledge at a country and regional level on how to identify, utilize, and address these and other contextual factors, and inform relevant evidence-based interventions and implementation strategies. The responses in these countries show that effective outbreak prevention is not due to the strength of the health system, but more the ability to identify and address the right contextual factors, with strong leadership, when rapidly and effectively implementing evidence-based interventions [11, 12] . cache = ./cache/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278932-wp4kimij author = Been, Jasper V title = Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the incidence of preterm birth: a national quasi-experimental study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5129 sentences = 278 flesch = 46 summary = INTERPRETATION: In this national quasi-experimental study, initial implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures was associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of preterm births in the following months, in agreement with preliminary observations elsewhere. Although the link between COVID-19 mitigation measures and reductions in the incidence of preterm birth identified in the aforementioned Danish and Irish studies has sparked substantial optimism globally regarding its potential to help identify new clues for effective prevention, the evidence base is still small. 2, 3 We, therefore, aimed to use a much larger sample, consisting of routinely collected data, and a quasi-experimental approach to study the impact of the COVID-19 mitigation measures implemented in the Netherlands on the incidence of preterm birth. Evidence before this study Preliminary evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to mitigate its impact on population health were followed by reductions in preterm births, particularly those occurring at very low gestational ages. cache = ./cache/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278649-ge9ike2c author = Makaronidis, Janine title = Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4278 sentences = 232 flesch = 58 summary = title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a community-based population with acute loss of smell and/or taste and to compare the frequency of COVID-19 associated symptoms in participants with and without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. • Recruited participants completed online questionnaires regarding demographics, their loss of smell and/or taste, and other COVID-19 symptoms, before they had a telemedicine consultation with a healthcare professional who confirmed the history of their symptoms and supervised a test to find out if they had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In this community-based cohort study, undertaken during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in London, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in participants with new onset loss of sense of smell and/or taste, was 77.6%. cache = ./cache/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278701-ub9j2f9i author = Umer, Fahad title = Dental services during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tertiary care hospital experience date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2231 sentences = 132 flesch = 53 summary = The Aga Khan University is the largest tertiary care hospital in the biggest metropolis of Pakistan, in this paper six weeks of experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic is shared, we will discuss the measures that were taken to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19 amongst dental health care providers (DHCPS) and provide a neoteric workflow for the provision of safe dental care as dental services move towards normalcy. 4 During the 6 weeks which followed, the dental clinic at our hospital provided dental services to over 500 patients © 2020 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and performed more than 100 aerosol and nonaerosol generating procedures. Finally, a hotline for patients has been set up for them to call and inform the clinic if they develop any symptoms or get tested for COVID-19 following the days postdental treatment so that appropriate contact tracing measures can be undertaken. cache = ./cache/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278676-p13ev4cg author = Pontiroli, Antonio E. title = Is blood glucose or obesity responsible for the bad prognosis of COVID-19 in obesity -diabetes? date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 487 sentences = 35 flesch = 54 summary = Pontiroli 1 , Lucia La Sala 2 , Davide Chiumello 1, 3 We read with interest the paper on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes [1] . If it were only a matter of metabolic control, the COVID-19 disease would not be different from previous viral SARS epidemics, in which diabetes was a risk factor for bad prognosis [6] . However, in these studies [1, 4, 5] , body mass index (BMI) is not considered; when investigated, obesity was more prevalent than diabetes [7] , and increasing evidence shows that obesity is itself a bad prognostic factor as to admission to intensive care units, invasive ventilation, and death [8, 9] . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom: A retrospective single centre study Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: A meta-analysis of observational studies cache = ./cache/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278775-xntvl7jp author = Gangaputra, Sapna S. title = Ocular symptoms among non-hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 testing date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 954 sentences = 64 flesch = 50 summary = The "stay at home" 46 restrictions and limited access to ambulatory ophthalmology care may inadvertently delay the 47 recognition of ocular signs and symptoms associated with Currently, we have minimal data on the incidence and severity of ocular manifestations of non-49 hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients. To answer these questions, an electronic REDCap 2,3 survey was developed and 52 distributed to participants of the COVID Volunteer Research database, which was created by 53 the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR). Red eye (21.9%) and excessive tearing (17.6%) were 86 both found at a significantly higher rate in COVID-19 negative survey respondents (Table) To date, the reports on ocular findings have been limited. The strengths of the study are the large number of 115 responses from patients who are non-hospitalized, which is over 80% of affected In conclusion, this retrospective patient survey found no association between ocular symptoms 118 and COVID-19 positivity in an outpatient population. cache = ./cache/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278870-pct184oa author = Finell, Eerika title = The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5017 sentences = 372 flesch = 63 summary = title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Thus, when occupational organizations consider protective strategies against stress that is related to COVID-19 infection risk at work among social sector and health care workers, promoting identification with their work community might be one key protective factor that can buffer this stress. This article analyses the combined effect of the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work with work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland. cache = ./cache/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278993-w5aa0elj author = Tonetti, Tommaso title = Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3922 sentences = 171 flesch = 44 summary = We retrospectively studied consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed Covid-19 who were referred to the hospitals of the Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions during the first 2 weeks of the Italian outbreak (February 24March 8, 2020) . The present study describes how the Italian health-care system of three northern Italian regions responded to the increasing need for clinical resources for critically ill patients during the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak through the 28.7% increase in ICU beds and the increasing use of non-invasive respiratory support outside the ICU. Our data show that, compared to patients admitted to the ICU, patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older, had more comorbidities and had a higher PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and a lower PaCO 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278735-bu2w2ox6 author = Zhang, Y. title = Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1996 sentences = 162 flesch = 62 summary = Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the incidence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms. [2] [3] Gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea are often seen in coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). [4] [5] Recent studies report that gastrointestinal tract symptoms are rarely observed in COVID-19 patients, 2-3 observed in about 3.0% of cases. Coronavirus is a large virus family that can cause various conditions ranging from the common cold to severe infectious diseases such as SARS and MERS.8 COVID-19 is a recently discovered infection in humans and is now considered a pandemic. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. cache = ./cache/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278971-tb2he1cb author = Valeri, Anthony title = COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 978 sentences = 45 flesch = 54 summary = A report from King County, WA, found that as of mid-March 2020 in one SNF, over 100 residents became infected with 55% requiring hospitalization with a case fatality of about 34% (1). To that end, we have four reports published in Kidney International Reports from Wuhan, China, the Lombardy region of northern Italy, London, England and Paris, France (2-5) detailing their early experience with COVID-19 outbreaks affecting ESRD patients at outpatient dialysis facilities and leading to a large number resulting in hospitalization and, often, death, similar to our experience in New York City (6) . Taking this and the lessons from hospital facilities, the use of personal protective equipment (for both patients and staff) and the cohorting of patients has helped to lessen the spread of the virus among susceptible individuals as demonstrated in the reports and others from London, England, the Lombardy region, Italy and Wuhan, China (9, S1). cache = ./cache/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279046-wk4ja15k author = Pissurno, Neisa Santos Carvalho Alves title = Anosmia in the course of COVID-19: A case report date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1997 sentences = 126 flesch = 51 summary = Although individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be asymptomatic, the disease may also present as a mild upper respiratory tract illness; however, many patients experience severe viral pneumonia that leads to respiratory failure, and, in many cases, death. Herein, we describe a case of a COVID-19 patient that presented with anosmia but did not experience any nasopharyngeal mucosa abnormalities during the course of the disease. Although olfactory dysfunction has been reported as a rare manifestation of many viruses, [6] including severe acute respiratory syndrome during the 2003 epidemic, [7] more recently, anosmia has been identified in many cases reported in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the details of the disease course and recovery of olfactory function can guide clinical management for cases of COVID-19 who experience anosmia. Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of a case cache = ./cache/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278900-3rfb1b71 author = Fell, Michael J. title = Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6188 sentences = 265 flesch = 41 summary = Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. Broadly speaking, these principles involve giving consideration to possible impacts of the pandemic and associated response measures on findings; adjusting research design and data collection to reflect this; and reporting extra contextual detail. Our recommendations address data collection and the reporting of study conditions and context, as well as considerations for study designs in order to ensure high validity of energy social science research conducted during and after the pandemic. In this paper we have set out what we see as important challenges to the validity --internal, external, and of other forms --of social research in energy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and measures put in place to control it. cache = ./cache/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279032-plj9kg42 author = Jin, Kaifeng title = Re: Can the summer temperature drop COVID-19 cases? date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 707 sentences = 47 flesch = 57 summary = Abstract The temperatures may have influence on the spread of COVID-19, However, we believe that government regulation and cooperation of public play a more important role. The temperatures may have influence on the spread of COVID-19, However, we believe that 2 government regulation and cooperation of public play a more important role. Even the situation in American is still worse, more young people do not want stay at 38 home anymore, Data from the American CDC shows that the average age of COVID-19 infection 39 in the United States was significantly reduced. In summary, we believe environment temperature may 48 affect viral activity (the source of infection), but government regulation and cooperation of public 49 play a more important role in blocking route of transmission and protecting susceptible population 50 [4] . Can the summer temperatures reduce COVID-19 cases? cache = ./cache/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279106-3ffa9djf author = Syatila Ab Ghani, Nur title = Side chain similarity comparisons for integrated drug repositioning and potential toxicity assessments in epidemic response scenarios: the case for COVID-19 date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6970 sentences = 404 flesch = 52 summary = In this work, the three-dimensional arrangements of amino acid side chains in known drug binding sites (substructures) were used to search for similarly arranged sites in SARS-CoV-2 protein structures in the Protein Data Bank for the potential repositioning of approved compounds. The investigations of binding properties in disease-related proteins derived from the comparison of amino acid substructure arrangements allows for effective mechanism driven decision making to rank and select only the compounds with the highest potential for success and safety to be prioritized for clinical trials or treatments. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify candidate compounds quickly and sustainably in combination with associated risk factors derived from the analysis of potential off-target site binding by the compounds to be repurposed. 33 In this work, amino acid side chain similarity searching was utilized to propose alternative target sites in 34 SARS-CoV-2 protein structures for drug repositioning. cache = ./cache/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278589-ios3cuxc author = Golinelli, D. title = How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5040 sentences = 253 flesch = 47 summary = We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. We conducted a rapid review of the scientific literature to include quantitative and qualitative studies using diverse designs to describe which digital solutions have been reported to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Our literature review suggests that digital technologies can be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis as well as for implementing prevention and surveillance measures. [19] , Authors deploy a Coronavirus Symptom Checker that is a digital patient-facing selftriage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. In this rapid literature review we describe numerous digital solutions and technologies addressing several healthcare needs, with particular regard to diagnosis, prevention and surveillance. cache = ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279036-fwmb0rr7 author = Monzani, Alice title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective From Italian Pediatric Emergency Physicians date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2881 sentences = 129 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: We developed a structured interview to collect the lived experience of the staff of the pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary referral university hospital in Northern Italy. We developed a structured interview to collect the lived experience of pediatric health-care providers of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy), the second largest third level referral hospital of the Piedmont Region, one of the most COVID-19 affected regions in northwest Italy. The open-ended questions, draft according to the suggestions and interests of Canadian pediatric emergency physicians, were collected at the end of March 2020, when 101,739 confirmed cases were reported in Italy, with 11,591 deaths, whereas Canada was not already critically involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. Exploring for the first time the perception of pediatric emergency physicians in one of the most affected countries, this study represents a unique attempt to provide hints to those pediatricians not already critically involved in facing the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. cache = ./cache/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279038-ocb1tlzp author = Quispe Flores, María Alejandra title = The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 575 sentences = 44 flesch = 57 summary = title: The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus The narrative review published by Macherera et al 1 has been of great interest to us, as it highlights the importance of establishing a personalized educational plan in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on preventive measures, medications, changes in lifestyle, self-monitoring of glucose, foot care and prevention of complications. In 2018 and 2019, two meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials were carried out with the aim of comparing the results of telemedicine and the usual care for diabetic patients. In conclusion, we highlight that although Peru is one of the countries that is suffering the most from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this may be an opportunity to discover tools to improve the control of patients with diabetes and contribute to overcoming barriers to the access of health services. cache = ./cache/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279056-mmcoqtb5 author = Seirafianpour, Farnoosh title = Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4651 sentences = 262 flesch = 46 summary = BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 had a great impact on medical approaches among dermatologist OBJECTIVE: This systematic review focuses on all skin problems related to COVID‐19, including primary and secondary COVID‐related cutaneous presentations and the experts recommendations about dermatological managements especially immunomodulators usage issues METHOD: Search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ScienceDirect. Totally 5 article were about skin drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments; two of them were original studies as case reports that were summarized in Table 7 (in the supplement file). In overall, non-infected non-at risk patients with immune-medicated dermatologic disorders under usage of immunosuppressive immunomodulator drugs like biologic agents are not needed to be alter regimen or discontine the therapies during pandemic, even these drugs may control the deteriorating cytokine storms also prevented disease flare-ups which both were associated with poorer outcomes and more complications in COVID-19 course, although strict adherence to quarantine and personal-social preventive hygiene performances are highly recommended especially in these groups of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279131-1unb0z79 author = Buijsers, Baranca title = Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3989 sentences = 219 flesch = 30 summary = Here, we summarise potential beneficial, non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying treatment of COVID-19 patients with heparin/LMWH, which include: (i) Inhibition of heparanase activity, responsible for endothelial leakage; (ii) Neutralisation of chemokines, and cytokines; (iii) Interference with leukocyte trafficking; (iv) Reducing viral cellular entry, and (v) Neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones. In addition to functioning as anticoagulants, heparins have other therapeutic functions that are relevant for the treatment of COVID-19-associated clinical manifestations, i.e. neutralisation of inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, such as CXCL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 that play a key role in ARDS; neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones and by interfering with leukocyte trafficking [20] . Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and preprint servers, and references from relevant articles using the search terms "COVID-19", "Heparin", "Non-anticoagulant functions of heparin", "Low molecular weight heparin", "ARDS", "Kidney dysfunction", "Endothelial barrier dysfunction", "Heparanase", "Heparan sulphate", "Viral entry", "Heparanase inhibition", "Inflammation", "Complement system", and "Neutrophil extracellular traps". cache = ./cache/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278984-0zof6s4d author = El-Tallawy, Salah N. title = Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6475 sentences = 337 flesch = 46 summary = Understanding both the general problems facing chronic pain patients as well as specific problems in the COVID-19 era including deconditioning, increased mental health concerns, financial burdens, and potential for medication-induced immune-suppression is vital in the appropriate management of patients. Understanding both the general problems facing chronic pain patients as well as specific problems in the COVID-19 era including deconditioning, increased mental health concerns, financial burdens, and potential for medication-induced immune-suppression is vital in the appropriate management of patients. Recent recommendations for the safe use of non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and interventional pain management procedures are vital to know and understand specifically during the pandemic era. Immunosuppression as a result of medication, whether chronic opioid therapy or the use of oral or injectable steroids (e.g., in interventional pain procedures), is especially concerning during a time of global pandemic. Telemedicine has become an effective way of providing necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278996-9lady4pc author = Callander, Denton title = Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on global male sex work populations: a longitudinal study of digital data date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4490 sentences = 235 flesch = 54 summary = Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. 20 The online profiles of male sex workers provide a powerful source of data that can be used to investigate the sociobehavioural effects of COVID-19, building on existing methods developed to study HIV and STI-related behaviours and norms among those involved with sex work. To assess the effects of COVID-19 on male sex work online, the following measures were calculated for each month of data collection: (1) number of active profiles, (2) number of new profiles, (3) number of inactive profiles, (4) the average number of visits per profile per day, and (5) proportion of profiles offering virtual sexual services (eg, webcamming, phone sex). cache = ./cache/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279132-florvm7z author = K., Branimir title = From apparent to true – from frequency to distributions (II) date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2390 sentences = 113 flesch = 45 summary = According to Roda et al (2) , one of the main reasons for the variability in predicting the COVID-19 epidemic is the lack of data on the actual dynamics of the infection spread, which results in so-called nonidentifiability in model calibration. The authors determined the model parameters using the Bayesian approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo, and concluded that the COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan and Seattle had likely been spreading for several weeks before they became apparent and were far more extensive than initially reported. Feroze (7) used Bayesian structural time series models to investigate the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spread in India, Brazil, USA, Russia, and the UK between March 1 and June 29, 2020 to assess the impact of mitigation measures and predict the dynamics of the epidemic over the next 30 days. Dehning et al (9) used the SIR epidemiological model framework in combination with Bayesian inference to analyze the effective growth rate of the number of new cases over time. cache = ./cache/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279138-dmhphgp5 author = Deek, Sarah A. title = Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution Implications on COVID-19 Severity date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1544 sentences = 88 flesch = 35 summary = Populations in areas with higher levels of air pollution both indoors and outdoors show increased mortality rates when infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this paper, fine particulate matter (PM) is identified as a source of disrupted activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; therefore, a contributable variable to COVID-19 mortality. Populations in areas with higher levels of air pollution both indoors and outdoors show increased mortality rates when infected with coronavirus disease 2019 . In this paper, fine particulate matter (PM) is identified as a source of disrupted activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; therefore, a contributable variable to COVID-19 mortality. Therefore, chronic exposure to fine PM may be contributable variable that disrupts HPA system activation typically associated with the altered regulation of circulating glucocorticoids resulting in inefficient or delayed immune response to COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279134-s6c7m94h author = Chen, Haiyang title = When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4361 sentences = 206 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the relevant experience of China in the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and treatment of patients with cancer during the epidemic. The delay of surgery because of COVID-19 epidemic may significantly affect the prognosis of patients with early stage lung cancer. It's reported that a patient with NSCLC was treated with Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) and osimertinib at the same time after the diagnosis of mild COVID-19 infection; 2 weeks after Kaletra treatment, pneumonia was cured and the tumor remained stable (23) . In the early stage of the epidemic, cross-infection in hospital is one of the most risk for patients and medical workers, so it is very important to screen COVID-19 patients as soon as admission of patients for cancer hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279110-u2k27jkn author = Alter, Scott M. title = The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 67 flesch = 53 summary = title: The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public While health authorities sounded early warnings concerning COVID-19 [1] , the United States (US) government practised "pandemic politics" and escalated menacing assaults on science, including repeated denials of epidemic principles of mitigation and containment. During COVID-19 the CDC issued reopening guidelines after initial lockdowns that lasted only until the epidemic curve flattened, violating their own principles to continue until cases and deaths drastically fell. The government's menacing assaults on science have led to the US suffering >203 thousand deaths compared with <3 thousand in South Korea after inflation for the six-fold difference in populations. Trust will continue to be eroded in other vaccines, as well as the FDA and CDC, leading to even more avoidable US deaths. The emerging pandemic of coronavirus and the urgent need for public health leadership Public health strategies contain and mitigate COVID-19: a tale of two democracies cache = ./cache/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279052-8hxdfdls author = Boet, S. title = Protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial of normobaric versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypoxemic COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4123 sentences = 247 flesch = 46 summary = Secondary outcomes will include: (a) clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, days with oxygen supplementation, oxygen flow values to obtain a saturation by pulse oximetry [≥]90%, intensive care admission and length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygen, sleep quality, fatigue, major thrombotic events, the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale on Day 28; mortality, safety); (b) biological outcomes (plasma inflammatory markers); and (c) health system outcomes (cost of care and cost-effectiveness). Secondary objectives: To evaluate the effect of HBOT on: (a) other clinical outcomes (i.e., length of hospital stay; days with oxygen supplementation; daily oxygen flow values required to obtain saturation values ≥90%; ICU admission; ICU length of stay; days on invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygenation; major arterial and venous thrombotic events, such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis; sleep quality; fatigue; the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale assessed on Day 28, mortality, and safety; (b) biologic inflammatory markers, including markers of immune activation response and inflammation; and (c) cost of care for COVID-19 patients and cost-effectiveness of HBOT. cache = ./cache/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279197-cesemos0 author = Block, Keith I. title = Integrative Cancer Therapies: Learning From COVID-19 date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4112 sentences = 228 flesch = 40 summary = Not only has COVID-19 suddenly converted us to a reliance on telehealth that is likely to persist in the future, it has also highlighted the use of some integrative therapies commonly used by cancer patients that have previously been thought to be too controversial for conventional clinics, but that might bear further research attention. For instance, 3 meta-analyses of randomized trials of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients found that performance status predicted mortality, [12] [13] [14] in addition to treatment side effects. Along with the previously published beneficial effects of parenteral fish oil emulsions in cancer patients, 30 these vitamin C trials raise the question of the potentials of other unconventional intravenous treatments in cancer patients. Pooled safety and efficacy analysis examining the effect of performance status on outcomes in nine first-line treatment trials using individual data from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer cache = ./cache/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279115-eyk8sxk7 author = Cecconi, Maurizio title = Ten things we learned about COVID-19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1621 sentences = 106 flesch = 51 summary = The infection starts with the competition between the SARS-CoV-2 virions arrived in the respiratory mucosa that express high levels of ACE2 receptors and the barrier made by mucus secreted by goblet cells and moved by hair-like cilia and innate immunity reactions. Evidence from SARS-CoV-1 suggests that these viruses may block interferon-mediated antiviral immunity (Fig. 1 ). Inflammation plays a key role in the development of COVID-19 from a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unsurprisingly for a disease characterised by an inflammatory state in response to a viral infection, venous and arterial thromboembolic complications are common in hospitalised patients [6] . Given the timing and characteristics of the antibody response (see above), appropriately validated assays are instrumental for epidemiological studies, evaluation of plasma donations (see below), assessment of memory and response to vaccine, and as a companion diagnostic in RT-PCR-negative patients. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region cache = ./cache/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279180-xad53zht author = Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title = Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11396 sentences = 653 flesch = 54 summary = The COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that spreads at a maximum rate through droplets of the infected people through the air (World Health Organisation 2020a). • In addition, the incorporation of lockdown with other treatment and prevention measures such as school closures, travel restrictions, and social distancing has had a greater impact on spread prevention, cases requiring critical care beds, and deaths compared with quarantine alone. Machine learning has the potential to support clinicians' work processing and management of large amounts of medical data contained in electronic health records and used in clinical applications which includes recognizing high-risk patients in need of ICU, the identification of early signs of lung cancer, determination of patient's respiratory status from X-rays in the chest, such deep learning approaches employ neural networks to predict the input-output data relationship. cache = ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279118-59e4sifb author = Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title = Dyslipidemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1202 sentences = 91 flesch = 51 summary = Our meta-analysis showed that dyslipidemia is associated with severe COVID-19 infections [RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.87), p = 0.03, I(2) = 57%, random-effect modelling]. [1] has also shown that one of the components in dyslipidemia, which is high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can predict the presence of respiratory disease and the clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aims to analyze the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed using the keywords "dyslipidemia" OR "hyperlipemia" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "comorbidities" OR "risk factors" AND "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19", until the present time (July 9 th , 2020) with language restricted to English only. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of dyslipidemia in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" cache = ./cache/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279334-j0i9ozsz author = McCreary, Erin K title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8269 sentences = 363 flesch = 44 summary = Most existing preclinical and clinical data on antiviral therapy are derived from other viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 (first reported in 2003), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ([MERS-CoV] first reported in 2012), and non-coronaviruses (eg, Ebola virus disease). The use of 500 mg of chloroquine by mouth twice daily as the reference for efficacy is rational given initial reports from China [16] , but it is important to note that this dosing still requires validation, and the improved R LTEC values reported are largely driven by the finding that hydroxychloroquine was 7.6 times more potent than chloroquine in vitro. Given this finding, the small numbers in this study, the lack of clinical outcomes presented, the potential for additive toxicity with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, and the desperate need to practice good antimicrobial stewardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, we would caution clinicians against using these data to support combination therapy. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279227-l6keimm5 author = Li, Yuxi title = Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2522 sentences = 134 flesch = 43 summary = title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. Study design We will include clinical practice guidelines, experts' consensus statements, and guidance documents (systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific circumstances) published by any advising body or healthcare organization since December 2019, which provide information on the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine therapy for COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279356-s3iigb0j author = Leones, Louis Mervyn B title = Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1493 sentences = 91 flesch = 44 summary = Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. To adapt to the situation, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and trainees: Participants reported that the seriousness of the disease and the current situation coupled with the responsibility of taking care of cancer patients contributed to the anxiety felt, especially when on duty at the COVID-19 areas. cache = ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279158-dsnniuo6 author = Luo, Y. title = Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3903 sentences = 200 flesch = 47 summary = title: Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study Through a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study, we found that the low blood sodium population may significantly increase the risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we aimed to find a key risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic by investigating the relationship between the blood sodium concentration and the severity of patients with COVID-19 through a systematic reviews, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study. For the systematic review and meta-analysis, median or mean values of serum sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations from each report were considered as an independent variable for statistical analysis, and an unpaired t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups related to the severity of disease. In this study, we found that the patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 on admission have presented the low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia) that were related to the disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279363-4almssg6 author = Crespo, Roland Mojica title = Pandemia COVID-19, la nueva emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional: una revisión date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5181 sentences = 512 flesch = 59 summary = En ese momento, a este nuevo coronavirus se le llamó 2019-nCoV (del inglés: 2019-novel coronavirus) y fue identificado por las autoridades sanitarias chinas como el agente causal de estos casos de neumonía atípica 1,3,4 . Hacia final de mes, el día 30 de enero la OMS declaró la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus como una emergencia de salud pública de preocupación internacional, ya que para aquel momento se habían reportado casos en todas las regiones de la OMS en solo un mes 9,11 . Concretamente la RNVE en su informe n°29 del día 7 de mayo enumera los principales síntomas presentados por el conjunto de la población española, hasta la fecha y a base de una muestra de 217,543 casos, de la siguiente manera: Entre estos hallazgos, es comúnmente observar la leucopenia y linfopenia, siendo esta última característica de COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279294-ruqednj6 author = Lin, Dong D. title = Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3235 sentences = 176 flesch = 43 summary = [8] [9] [10] The COVID-19 cases started to increase exponentially in New York City in early March, and we witnessed the fear and its impact on both patients with cancer and providers, who started to make recommendations on chemotherapy regimen modifications. The senior author (Y.X.) interviewed each of the five medical oncologists to gather the following information on every patient: cancer type; nature of treatment and status of disease: metastatic, adjuvant or primary treatment; treatment regimen; modification(s) made; who-provider or patient-initiated the modifications; and the reason for not offering modifications, if applicable. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic at a community cancer center in New York City, we wanted to know how often chemotherapy schedules were modified and what the key factors were that influenced the decision-making process. Overall, our study revealed that as many as 56.4% of all patients and approximately 40% of patients taking curative treatments received treatment modifications in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community cancer center. cache = ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279396-qmixem8i author = Carter, Chris title = COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5302 sentences = 288 flesch = 49 summary = In addition to the relatively high numbers of COVID-19 patients developing severe respiratory failure resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requiring intubation and ventilatory support, the current data suggests an average length of stay for COVID patients in intensive care of eight days. The critical care nurse needs to recognise that patients who develop severe COVID-19 can rapidly develop Type 1 Respiratory Failure, ARDS and therefore require ventilatory support. 18 In non COVID-19 patients with increasing respiratory failure the use of High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) or Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) may be used as a treatment strategy. 40 There is also a suggestion that an increased number of healthcare professionals is needed when providing care, particularly in critical care for procedures requiring two nurses to one patient (2:1) when PPE is worn. cache = ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279224-rwcvkhiy author = Kirmani, Salman title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric services at a referral centre in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1070 sentences = 49 flesch = 47 summary = 2 Although most children are going to recover uneventfully from the infection, the impact of the disruption on the usual care of children such as school, sports and healthrelated activities including routine immunisations and preventative care visits is predicted to have severe consequences for the health of children in our part of the world. There is a gradual increase over the last few weeks, probably indicating that as the public slowly realises that this pandemic will last for some time to come, the potential risk of exposure becomes less of a factor compared with the perceived health benefits of visiting their child's healthcare provider. It is essential to continue to spread public health awareness messages about how to prevent COVID-19 infection and about the importance of routine immunisations and seeking appropriate advice from healthcare providers when necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279255-v861kk0i author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23862 sentences = 1164 flesch = 44 summary = Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279264-0bhgq3q9 author = Bolarinwa, O. A. title = Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3721 sentences = 235 flesch = 52 summary = title: Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing compliance to prescribe preventive recommendations, the psychological effect of lockdown, and the source of information among Nigeria social media users. Thus, this study examined the compliance level to COVID-19 prescribed recommendations, the psychological implications of lockdown, and the source of information on COVID-19 among Nigeria social media users. The online google based questionnaire elicited socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, educational attainment, professional history of the respondents, while dependent variables such as compliance to prescribed recommendations, the psychological impact of lockdown, and source of information during the lockdown among Nigeria social media users. The study was carried out to examined how people in Nigeria are complying with recommendations from the country's health authority, lockdown psychological impact, and source of information among social media users in Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279415-s823mver author = Guo, Xiaodong title = Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3427 sentences = 171 flesch = 52 summary = We investigated the situation of infection of orthopaedic surgeons and trainees working in general wards, outpatient clinics, intensive care units, or operating rooms in Wuhan hospitals, and we further explored the possible risk factors at the individual level using a matched case-control study. The questionnaire included the information about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, awareness to the outbreak at an early stage, COVID-19 exposure history, availability of and participation in the infection control training provided by the hospital, and individual protection practices (e.g., good hand-washing hygiene and wearing face masks). There was confirmed transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members Severe fatigue of orthopaedic surgeons during the 2 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 was found to be a risk factor for the infection (Table IV) (OR, 4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 16]). cache = ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279405-1d6gznls author = Butt, Muhammad Hammad title = Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1075 sentences = 75 flesch = 52 summary = geographical spread of COVID-19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co-infections with various other infectious diseases. During the on-going pandemic where health authorities are primarily engaged to contain the infection, any other infectious disease outbreak will hinder the manoeuvres combating COVID-19 and will create the diagnostic challenges for healthcare professionals. Recently, National Institute of Health (NIH) in Pakistan issued 'High Alert' for dengue viral infection (DVI) as monsoon season (July -December) is considered a vulnerable period for dengue spread [2] . Keeping in view the fragile healthcare system and economic turmoil in Pakistan, dengue outbreak will pose serious challenges for which country is not This article is protected by copyright. In Thailand, a patient who presented with petechial rashes was treated as dengue case but declared as co-infected with COVID-19 following advanced clinical diagnosis [6] . Patients presenting to healthcare professionals with fever, rash, headache and respiratory problems must be subjected to DVI and COVID-19 diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279345-dgdujcy3 author = Sudhir, Amita title = A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1756 sentences = 77 flesch = 48 summary = Of the available interventions to correct hypoxia, which is often the primary reason for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, the simplest is oxygen by nasal cannula. This can be administered at any facility with the ability to keep patients overnight or for multiple days, but other than oxygen concentrators or cylinders, nasal cannulas, and simple pulse oximeters, no specialized equipment or advanced moni-A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India Amita Sudhir 1 , Nachiket Mor 2 The solution of using primary care facilities and providers is adaptable to either a public or private setting, depending on the resources available in any given country. Oxygen concentrators are portable, and once the need for using them for COVID patients has passed, they can be repurposed to ambulances, clinics, and even home health settings for a host of other diseases causing hypoxia. cache = ./cache/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279456-oouylyx9 author = Henchi, Sonia title = First COVID-19 sub-intensive respiratory unit in Europe: the Italian experience date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1501 sentences = 101 flesch = 47 summary = European SARS-CoV-2 pandemic epicenter was detected in Northern Italy, in a little Italian town of Lodi province, the Lodi Hospital was therefore rapidly saturated, and in particularly the departments of respiratory diseases and Intensive Care Unit had been largely involved. In this paper, we describe how the first Sub-intensive Respiratory Unit in Europe completely dedicated to COVID-19 patients was organized and managed in our hospital. SARS-CoV-2 related disease, COVID-19, presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2] . In UTISIR were admitted patients testing positive to SARS-CoV-2 throat swab with phenotype 3,4,5, ICU patients weaned from intubation, with tracheostomy and transferred from other low-intensity care departments of the hospital, when appropriated. 4. Respiratory failure with suspected ARDS or severe pneumonia: CPAP or intubation required → hospitalization in COVID-19 ICU or COVID19 UTISIR. cache = ./cache/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279290-wtnnlp4i author = Solorio-Pineda, Saúl title = Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1370 sentences = 95 flesch = 50 summary = title: Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? BACKGROUND: In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) originated in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. [6, 9] We decided to present the following remarkable case from a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy infected with SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, given the patient's condition and his timely isolation in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) floor, it was not possible to perform a brain MRI scan. e CNS involvement in COVID-19 infection includes cerebrovascular events due to endothelial dysfunction, with pituitary apoplexy being an unusual presentation, a situation that should be confirmed in the future. Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? cache = ./cache/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279468-xe84s5i4 author = Fares, Elie title = DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 385 sentences = 36 flesch = 49 summary = title: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 Chest X-ray showed dense bilateral airspace opacities. DISCUSSION: While the primary signs and symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and dyspnea, other reported manifesations include kawasaki-like disease in children (2) and cutaneous manifestations such as livedo reticularis (3). We believe that in our case the patient's infection with COVID-19 & its subsequent increased inflammatory state led to her developing MPA vasculitis with subsequent pulmonary-renal syndrome complicated by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, rapidly progressive renal failure and ultimately death. Her clinical and serologic picture were consistent with a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. With vasculitis potentially being one of COVID-19's presenting symptoms, prompt diagnosis and intervention is essential in improving outcomes. Kawasaki-like disease: emerging complication during the COVID-19 pandemic Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature cache = ./cache/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279443-2e4gz2bo author = Khan, Suliman title = Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4939 sentences = 245 flesch = 43 summary = To identify and select the papers in this review we searched the published research and review articles relevant to origin and outbreaks of three human coronaviruses, and features, transmission, spread, entry mechanisms, infectiousness, control strategies, and animals hosts for SARS-CoV-2. Although it is important to know about the symptoms' appearance and severity, however, understanding the transmission of the infection to healthy individuals from COVID-19 patients and zoonotic sources can be of great importance in the aspects of developing strategies to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. This outbreak was reported to be caused by SARS-CoV, originated from market civets before its transmission and infection in humans (17) . Early claims came FIGURE 2 | The SARS-CoV-2 transmission from bats via unknown intermediate to humans causes infectiousness known as COVID-19 disease. According to the CDC report on coronavirus disease, individuals with underlying chronic medical conditions are at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279428-5t2qi2on author = Mahmoudi, Morteza title = COVID-19 pandemic may fuel academic bullying date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1187 sentences = 64 flesch = 37 summary = Because the pandemic has exacerbated so many of the issues underlying abusive behaviors in general (e.g., psychological health, economic and social inequalities), one may expect to see a significant uptick in the incidence of academic bullying as well. The main focus of this perspective piece is to draw the attention of stakeholders to the potential facilitative influence of COVID-19 on bullying behaviors, which experience tells us will have long-lasting effects on scientific integrity, academic health, and sound medical decisions. Some sources of concern include i) monitoring/investigating abusive behaviors may not be a high priority during the pandemic for institutional authorities; ii) many former providers of institutional support to targets of abusive behaviors (including ombudsmen's offices and grant agencies) have necessarily shifted their attention to COVID-19related issues; and iii) mounting pressure on lab leaders to maintain their scientific output (e.g., publishing papers and winning grants) even under current conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279435-ffgd2ets author = ALBalawi, Hani B title = COVID-19: Precautionary Guidelines for Ophthalmologists date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3183 sentences = 148 flesch = 49 summary = Healthcare providers, particularly ophthalmologists, are at high risk of a COVID-19 infection through unprotected contact with eye secretions during routine ophthalmic examinations that involve the use of direct ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations, which are usually performed in a setting that allows for close doctor-patient contact. In fact, ophthalmologists are at high risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus through unprotected eye contact with secretions during routine ophthalmic examinations with direct ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations, which are usually performed in a setting that has close doctor-patient contact. A three-stage control measure to reduce the transmission of the virus in the ophthalmology department in Hong Kong was based on text messaging to reschedule refill visits [6] ; a triage to identify patients with fever, conjunctivitis, and respiratory symptoms; asking those who recently traveled to areas infected with the virus to postpone their ophthalmology visits for 14 days; and the avoidance of micro-aerosol generating procedures, nasal endoscopy, and operations under general anesthesia. cache = ./cache/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279395-qfb06csa author = Khan, Samea title = Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1950 sentences = 111 flesch = 57 summary = In this cross‐sectional survey, a self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. [4] [5] [6] At present as the world health organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, Pakistan is facing a critical situation and strict measures need to be taken to avert the threat of a national health crisis. The main aim of the present questionnaire-based analysis was to check the awareness level among the employees at educational institutes and the health care workers (HCWs) in various organizations across Pakistan. These include students and faculty (261) and HCWs (41) of which 32 physicians, 4 nurses and 5 laboratory staff in public and private sector educational and health institutes across Pakistan filled a questionnaire. HCWs (13.56%) of which 10.59% physicians, 1.32% nurses and 1.65% laboratory staff in public and private sector educational and health institutes across Pakistan submitted their responses to the questionnaire. cache = ./cache/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279485-hajrnur1 author = Pope, Janet E. title = What Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Mean for Rheumatology Patients? date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1395 sentences = 74 flesch = 58 summary = They are concerned about their risk of developing COVID-19 as many are immune suppressed from their disease and/or treatment, whether they should stop their advanced therapies, if they will have a worse outcome if/when infected due to their underlying medication condition(s) and if they will have drug availability, especially with press (without much data) coverage suggesting hydroxychloroquine may be used in COVID-19 infection causing diversion of medication supply. RECENT FINDINGS: Preliminarily, articles seem to suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases may not have more infections from SARS-CoV-2 and similar outcomes to age and gender matched patients, but fear of rheumatic medications increasing their risk, drug shortages, and work exposure all are concerns for patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The long term effects of the pandemic in patients with rheumatic diseases will not be known until much later and likely include stressors flaring disease (fear, illness, job loss, social isolation), post-traumatic stress, flaring due to stopping medications, less physician visits with subsequent under-treatment, and increases in chronic concomitant fatigue, pain, fibromyalgia. cache = ./cache/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279488-oc0edgd2 author = Nguyen, Trieu title = 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics date = 2020-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3233 sentences = 183 flesch = 54 summary = title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency [1] over the outbreak of the new coronavirus, called the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated in Wuhan City, in the Hubei Province of China. The current standard molecular technique that is now being used to detect COVID-19 is the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). In the case of a public health emergency such as the COVID-19 outbreak, this time-consuming process of sample testing is not only extremely disadvantageous, but also dangerous since the virus needs to be contained. Rapid and simple colorimetric detection of multiple influenza viruses infecting humans using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform cache = ./cache/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279534-klqg8wnh author = Mari, Giulio M. title = A 10-step guide to convert a surgical unit into a COVID-19 unit during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 794 sentences = 70 flesch = 63 summary = Please enter the name of the registry, the hyperlink to the registration and the unique identifying number of the study. We present a 10-step guide meant to implement a COVID-19 unit starting from a General Surgery Division, as reported from our experience from a medium volume hospital in Northern Everyone who has to enter a COVID-19 unit must know how to properly protect themselves. 6. To ensure the connection with the nursing staff, a surgeon must always be present in medical shifts, together with an internal doctor, expert in the field of respiratory diseases and ventilation. 7. Dedicated technical staff had to create a clean-dirty path for medical and nursing staff and for the COVID-19 patients within the unit. A 24-hour direct connection with an anesthesiologist and an intensivist dedicated to the COVID-19 unit has to be instituted. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 -Studies Needed cache = ./cache/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279401-eehb5yny author = Haffejee, Sadiyya title = ‘When will I be free’: Lessons of COVID-19 for Child Protection in South Africa date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6642 sentences = 313 flesch = 52 summary = Children residing at a child and youth care centre in Gauteng, South Africa (herewith referred to as CYCC X) were invited to participate in the study. In South Africa, the social and economic disruptions caused by the pandemic and associated lockdown, combined with long-term structural social, economic and political inequality, and failures within government has impacted on service delivery, access to resources and availability of supportive networks, the absence of which increases vulnerability and heightens levels of anxiety and stress in children. In this exploratory study we aimed to address the research question 'What can the experiences and perspectives of South African children in care during lockdown tell us about the themes we should focus on to improve care moving forward?' As the findings emerged, we noted that there were a number of domains of concern that reflect the social ecologies in which our participants operated. cache = ./cache/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279480-nqp1pc9v author = Ring, Laurence E. title = What Obstetricians should know about Obstetric Anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2783 sentences = 144 flesch = 39 summary = Suggested modifications include an added emphasis on avoiding general anesthesia, a strong encouragement to infected individuals to opt for early neuraxial analgesia, and the prevention of emergent cesarean delivery, whenever possible. Compared to standard care in noninfected patients, the anesthesiologist may be more likely to replace a questionably functional epidural catheter in COVID-19 infected patients, in hopes to avoid urgent situations that may increase the odds for patient adverse outcomes (e.g. accidental dural puncture during a replacement of epidural catheter, or general anesthesia if urgent cesarean delivery) or avoidable exposures for healthcare providers (rushed replacement of neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia or general anesthesia in the operating room). If there does need to be a cesarean delivery on a patient who does not have an epidural catheter and is COVID-19 positive, the anesthesia team will need to weigh the risk of general anesthesia, including the risk staff exposure, to the possible risk of delay due to placement of a neuraxial block (typically a single shot spinal). cache = ./cache/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279513-m4jdc8ua author = Onesti, Concetta Elisa title = Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4145 sentences = 204 flesch = 49 summary = A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. The topics investigated in the survey included preventive measures taken before and after admission to the hospital, instructions given to patients and professionals, general measures for risk reduction of virus spread, specific measures in the hospitalisation unit, general organisation of the centre, organisation of multidisciplinary meetings and activities of other healthcare professionals, staff management and antibody testing. Patients were subjected to a triage for signs of infection prior to presenting to the oncology units in the majority of the centres, notably in 19/21 institutions (90.5%) before consultations, in 20/21 (95.2%) before day care outpatient infusion room admissions and in 20/20 (100%) before overnight hospitalisation (figure 2). cache = ./cache/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279571-chiadufa author = Cui, Xiaoyang title = Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Study date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3928 sentences = 226 flesch = 54 summary = Compared with patients without AKI, patients with AKI had more severe organ dysfunction, as indicated by a higher level of disease severity status, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on admission, an increased prevalence of shock, and a higher level of respiratory support. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that admission SOFA score was an independent risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients, and patients with AKI had higher in-hospital mortality. In particular, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, serious complication in critically ill patients, which may result in increased mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs [5] . The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of AKI in critically ill patients with COVID-19. In our study, AKI patients had a significant higher mortality rate after adjusting for admission SOFA score, severity status, respiratory support method, and shock. cache = ./cache/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279525-76iq0gcy author = Kewan, Tariq title = COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 371 sentences = 33 flesch = 57 summary = title: COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired disease characterized by thrombocytopenia secondary to autoantibodies against platelet antigens. We here report a case of ITP in a patient with COVID-19 Laboratory tests on admission showed a normal white cell count, hemoglobin (Hb) of 12.0 g/d, and platelet count (175 000/mm 3 ). On day 13, the patient's oxygen requirements increased and he was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for monitoring. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors contributed to article revision and approved the submitted version. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Covid-19 COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia Hemostatic laboratory derangements in COVID-19 with a focus on platelet count Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia Practical guidance for the management of adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279550-7u2hksxm author = Wang, Kai title = Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2656 sentences = 190 flesch = 56 summary = METHODS: Blood samples (n=173) were collected from 30 COVID-19 patients over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs, using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, serological testing, especially to detect NAbs, is essential in determining the onset of the serological immune response, evaluating the potential capacity of the host body for viral clearance, and identifying donors for passive antibody therapy trials. 12, 13 However, the dynamics and roles of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs and their correlation with antibody responses have not been explored in COVID-19 patients more than two months after symptom onset. Furthermore, to determine if there was a statistical correlation between NAb levels and virus-specific IgG levels in COVID-19 patients, serum samples were grouped by time (weeks) after symptom onset. In summary, we determined the dynamics of NAb titers within 3 months after symptom onset in 30 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and found a positive correlation between NAb titers and IgG antibodies. cache = ./cache/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279631-1hlrx7o4 author = Huang, Yan‐Mei title = CHINA'S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1530 sentences = 110 flesch = 56 summary = A 103-year-old woman who had a confirmed positive DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16462 nucleic acid test result for COVID-19 on March 1 was admitted to the Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 5 Considering her critically ill condition, she and her 55-year-old daughter, who also had the virus, were transferred to an intensive care unit in a makeshift hospital on the evening of February 13; they were discharged on March 1. However, in view of the public health consequences of COVID-19, nursing homes now refer all patients with fever and respiratory symptoms to acute hospitals to rule out the virus. All nursing home patients admitted to our institution with acute respiratory infections are isolated in negative pressure rooms and tested once for COVID-19 if the clinical suspicion is low. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan 98-year-old COVID-19 patient discharged from hospital cache = ./cache/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279566-27wmd3g5 author = Shi, Li title = Is neutrophilia associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients? A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 741 sentences = 47 flesch = 48 summary = Considering the inherent differences among studies, we calculated the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous variables by using random-effects model to evaluate the relationship between changes in neutrophil counts and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Although meta-regression did not identify the sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis indicated that our results were reliable and robust. In conclusion, neutrophilia is a risk factor for mortality of COVID-19 patients, and our results are required to be verified by a study analyzing the adjusted effect estimates in the future. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies cache = ./cache/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279529-m7c6270u author = Abrams, Hannah R. title = Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1225 sentences = 85 flesch = 54 summary = OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID‐19 cases in 30 states reporting individual facilities affected. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non‐chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to increased probability of having a COVID‐19 case. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non-chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to probability of having a COVID-19 case. Our finding that facilities with a high percentage of African American residents are more likely to have COVID-19 cases echoes disparities in the pandemic at large and indicates a critical health disparity to be addressed in the response to COVID-19 nursing home outbreaks. State Reporting of Cases and Deaths Due to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279511-s9h1jzzs author = Di Stefano, Vincenzo title = Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4160 sentences = 202 flesch = 47 summary = title: Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the levels of PA, measured as energy expenditure (MET–minute/week), among patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) before and during the last week of quarantine. In healthy controls, a significant reduction of PA was reported during quarantine compared to before quarantine for vigorous-intensity PA (p = 0.04), moderate-intensity PA (p = 0.01), walking activity (p < 0.0001), total PA level (p < 0.0001) and MVPA level (p = 0.001). Finally, it has to be considered that a more sensible muscle mass loss is reported following physical inactivity in older people and in neuromuscular disease, compared to healthy young subjects [10, 13] . This was in agreement with a recent study that reported a high level of total weekly energy expenditure before the COVID-19 quarantine in healthy subjects [25] . cache = ./cache/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279875-jxnszm5k author = Wang, Wan-Ying title = Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2045 sentences = 116 flesch = 47 summary = (Mahase, 2020) In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is concurrently playing an important role in the treatment of COVID-19, integrated with modern imaging system, first-aid facility and ordinary chemical therapy. Each mobile cabin hospital is equipped with 2-3 TCM experts and a team of 12 national TCM masters are accompanied with severe patients in Wuhan.(Liu，Ruiche, 2020) Currently, the national treatment guidance of COVID-19 (7 th edition) (General Office of the National Health Commission, 2020) and more than 20 provinces and regions have released modified treatment guidance inclining TCM integration according to their geographical and weather conditions, which is an unique methodology in TCM therapy based on the perspective of harmonization between environment and human body. Therefore, a qualitative definition of COVID-19 in TCM theory is a "cold and damp" (Chen and Nakamura, 2004; Jia and Gao, 2003) Using a different idea from the microbiology-oriented knowledge of the aetiology of the disease or the mechanism of novel drugs, TCM emphasizes on the relief of symptoms so as to cure infected patients and control the spreading of epidemics. cache = ./cache/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279713-97a86bor author = Negrini, Stefano title = Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 148 flesch = 55 summary = title: Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study Main Outcome Measure(s) We compared the number of services provided in three phases, among them and with corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019: during CONTROL (30 working days) and COVID surge (13 days) only usual consultations/physiotherapy were provided, while during TELEMED (15 days) only teleconsultations/telephysiotherapy. In front of the sudden COVID-19 emergency in Italy, and the mobility restrictions to the population, to 45 continue to provide our outpatient services (including hands-on physiotherapy and medical evaluations) we 46 have been forced to convert completely to telemedicine, rapidly developing specific ad-hoc solutions. We considered 3 phases: (1) CONTROL: usual services prior to discovery of COVID-19 spread (creation of 85 "red zones"), 30 working days (January 7 th to February 23 rd ); (2) Satisfaction with services provided was evaluated at the quality continuous improvement questionnaires, 93 while all professionals were closely monitored throughout the period with supervision, and email 94 consultations. cache = ./cache/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279667-ikfduu2k author = Ronnje, Louise title = Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3361 sentences = 207 flesch = 50 summary = title: Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery Severe COVID-19 promptly improved by the termination of the pregnancy or atypical HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count) exacerbated by concomitant COVID-19 infection could not be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: This case adds to the growing body of evidence which raises concerns about the possible negative maternal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and advocates for pregnant women to be recognized as a vulnerable group during the current pandemic. We report a case of severe COVID-19 during in third trimester pregnancy, which led to an emergency Caesarean section and preterm delivery at 32 + 6 weeks of gestational age. Atypical presentation of HELLP could not be ruled out and the importance of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment and management of severe COVID-19 during pregnancy is critical for positive patient outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279645-gwxu6dz2 author = Montoya-Barthelemy, Andre title = COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1761 sentences = 101 flesch = 40 summary = title: COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health Within this space, prisoners and correctional staff share an environment known to amplify, accelerate, and act as a reservoir for outbreaks of respiratory disease. 2 Prisoners have a high prevalence of chronic disease and mental health illness, and prisons house an increasingly aging population, which will contribute directly to higher rates of severe viral illness and death. 1, 2 Finally, about 870,000 prisoners perform some type of work while incarcerated, earning an average of $0.93 per hour, and are effectively uncovered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration oversight or any other federal workplace protections. Today, correctional workers and prisoners are under severe threat, but when correctional institutions and the outside community collaborate for the safety of their workers and residents, all will be better protected against COVID-19 illness and death. cache = ./cache/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279735-3sq7m3qw author = Yoshihiro, Noda title = Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19's ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 931 sentences = 43 flesch = 46 summary = title: Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19's ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World distance and remote work are recommended to prevent the spread of COVID-19; however, such public health policies will consequently promote the rapid digitalization of social infrastructure. Furthermore, the digitalization of the social environment is not only related to the mental health domain, but also to the question of existential readiness in how people adapt to the New Normal (Miao and Cao, 2019) . Specifically, a certain number of people may have mental health problems due to the "techno-stress" (La Torre et al., 2019) associated with the rapid changes in social systems in the process of digitization of the social infrastructure. Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry cache = ./cache/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279561-p6wh7jja author = Karim, Jamila S. title = Bolstering the surgical response to COVID‐19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 801 sentences = 42 flesch = 45 summary = The authors of 'COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature' have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at large [1] . The authors of 'COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature' have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at large [1] . Virtual technology solutions, such as the Proximie platform, can form the basis of a responsive approach to the surgical challenges posed by the pandemic. By remotely connecting surgeons in a live environment, such technologies can enable surgeons in isolation to amplify their expertise and provide invaluable support to colleagues on the frontline, including trainees who may be required to perform procedures without direct supervision. cache = ./cache/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279648-ft62m7zz author = Raisi-Estabragh, Z. title = NON-WHITE ETHNICITY, MALE SEX, AND HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX, BUT NOT MEDICATIONS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION: REVIEW OF THE FIRST 669 CASES FROM THE UK BIOBANK date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3577 sentences = 196 flesch = 43 summary = Non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remining cohort (test negatives plus untested). Conclusions: Among participants tested for COVID-19 with presumed moderate to severe symptoms in a hospital setting, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI are associated with a positive result. The aim of this study is to examine the first-released data from the UKB to establish the association between COVID-19 positivity and demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity), cardiometabolic factors [body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, prior myocardial infarction (MI), smoking], and ACEi/ARB use. In this analysis of the first release of 1,474 COVID-19 test results from the UKB, non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positive test in comparison to rest of the cohort (tested negatives plus untested). cache = ./cache/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279559-mob8dbcr author = Coleman, Carl H. title = Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1376 sentences = 79 flesch = 46 summary = In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. 6 The global community must commit to supporting clinical trials in LMICs that contribute to the development of locally relevant interventions, while also ensuring that these efforts do not take resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs. 10 These and other strategies to overcome racial disparities in research will be particularly important in Covid-19 clinical trials, given that the disease is infecting and killing African Americans at a disproportionately high rate. cache = ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279629-t1xjy12y author = Nazneen Akhand, Mst Rubaiat title = Genome based Evolutionary study of SARS-CoV-2 towards the Prediction of Epitope Based Chimeric Vaccine date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6717 sentences = 379 flesch = 47 summary = The present in silico study aimed to predict a novel chimeric vaccines by simultaneously targeting four major structural proteins via the establishment of ancestral relationship among different strains of coronaviruses. Hence, the study was designed to develop a chimeric recombinant vaccine against COVID-19 by targeting four major structural proteins of the pathogen, while revealing the evolutionary history of different species of coronavirus based on whole genome and protein domain-based phylogeny. Apart from the human coronaviruses, we introduced other coronaviruses which choose different species of bats, whale, turkey, rat, mink, ferret, swine, camel, rabbit, cow and others as host (Supplementary TableDomain analysis of spike protein of coronaviruses reveals that they contain mainly one signature domains namely, coronavirus S2 glycoprotein (IPR002552), which is present in all the candidates. Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against spike protein of human coronavirus: an in silico approach. cache = ./cache/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279828-es498qul author = Boulle, Andrew title = Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3651 sentences = 148 flesch = 44 summary = We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, location and comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death from 1 March-9 June 2020 among (i) public sector "active patients" (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We conducted a cohort study using de-identified data from the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (WCPHDC) of public sector patients aged ≥20 years with documented sex and not known to have died before March 1, 2020 (before the first diagnosed COVID-19 case in South Africa, and several weeks before the first documented COVID-19 death) and included all follow up through June 9, 2020. We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex and other comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death among (i) all public sector patients with ≥1 health visit in the 3 years before March 1, 2020 (considered "active patients"), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-279828-es498qul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279828-es498qul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279736-udsbcqfs author = Abdalkader, Mohamad title = Roadmap for Resuming Elective Neuroendovascular Procedures Following the First COVID-19 Surge date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1887 sentences = 74 flesch = 31 summary = As we emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic's initial surge, we prepare for re-entry of elective neurointerventional procedures to optimize the care of patients and mitigate infectious risk, while concurrently preserving ongoing capacity to care for patients with COVID-19. Anticipated potential limitations in health care resources (personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilators, personnel, hospital space) resulted in triaged delays of non-emergent endovascular procedures and surgeries [1] [2] [3] . We discuss several aspects of care that should be considered during the neuroendovascular resumption of an elective phase including hospital bed capacity, PPE resources, pre-procedure testing and post-procedure care. While the re-introduction of neurointerventional elective procedures can expose an additional specific and related risk of infection and stress, advance preparation and the development of modified pre-procedure protocols, intra-procedural protocols (sharing similarities with acute neurological emergencies) [7] [8] [9] , and post-procedural protocols can help organize the care of the patient, optimize peri-procedural risk to both patient and health care provider, and accommodate for appropriate resource allocation. cache = ./cache/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279649-wllc0gl5 author = Kent, Katherine title = Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Insecurity in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6919 sentences = 293 flesch = 42 summary = Fifteen socio-demographic variables were collected, including age (in years), gender (male, female, other), local government area of residence, if they identified as from Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent, whether they have a health condition or disability that limited their activity, citizenship status (born in Australia, Australian citizen, permanent resident or temporary resident), the highest level of education, relationship status, household composition, employment status, total household income bracket and whether they were the main shopper for their family. Socio-demographic characteristics of the survey respondents according to food security categories and assessments of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and income are presented in Table 1 . This study presents results from a survey of adults in Tasmania, Australia, assessing the prevalence and socio-demographic predictors of household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279891-v71rysnw author = Karampekos, George title = Differences between fellows and fellowship program directors in their perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology training: results from a nationwide survey in Greece date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3154 sentences = 148 flesch = 37 summary = In both questionnaires, the latter section consisted of the same 20 questions, classified into 5 distinctive domains, assessing participants' perception of the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on: 1) the overall impact on training; 2) the impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) the impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) the impact on academic training; and 5) perspectives regarding training in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, one international study, involving 770 trainees from 63 countries [8] , reported that the pandemic led to restrictions in endoscopic volumes (99%; IQR 85-100% reduction in all procedures) and endoscopy training, with high rates of anxiety and burnout, while a second questionnaire distributed to members of the Italian Young Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist Association and some European representatives, not including Greece [9] , underlined the significant impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on gastroenterologists' clinical activity. cache = ./cache/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279846-g0ro8pbb author = Terrigno, Vittorio R title = Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1056 sentences = 65 flesch = 47 summary = We highlight the successful use of half-dose anticoagulation in the treatment of right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is a first reported case of right atrial thrombus in a COVID-19 patient who was treated successfully with half-dose anticoagulation. In another three-center retrospective study of 184 COVID-19 ICU patients from the Netherlands, the authors reported 31% incidence of thrombotic complications. Therefore, the true incidence is likely higher.Our case supports the need to think of initiating therapeutic anticoagulation early in the course of critically ill patients with COVID-19. In addition to this, our case also highlights the use of half-dose anticoagulation therapy to treat a right atrial thrombus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of right atrial thrombus in a COVID-19 patient that resolved with a half dose of thrombolytic therapy. We highlight the ability to treat a right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 with half-dose anticoagulation. cache = ./cache/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279719-z0wuajpx author = Martin-Fumadó, Carles title = Medico-legal and ethical considerations on resource limitation and clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4957 sentences = 263 flesch = 46 summary = Resource rationing has been necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore consensus documents have been published for decision-making based on four fundamental ethical values: maximization of benefits, treating people equally, contributing to creating social value and giving priority to the worst off, from which specific recommendations derive: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not prioritize attendance on a first-COme, first-served basis; be sensitive to scientific evidence; recognize participation in research and apply the same principles to COVID-19 patients as to non-COVID-19 patients. The aspects associated with the principle of justice expressed by Beauchamp and Childress will therefore be of key importance in resolving the ethical and medical-legal problems arising from the fair assignation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279779-kp6ik8qb author = Blair, A. title = Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3979 sentences = 237 flesch = 51 summary = Method: A scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory-level, health regions, and local areas) (15 "overall" indicators), and for two vulnerable settings (long term care and detention facilities) and six social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, essential worker status, and income) (120 "equity-related" indicators). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 : Overall, province-and territory-level reporting (data availability) on the cumulative total of tests, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Though information on population sizes by immigration status, race/ethnicity, and income are available for jurisdictions overall, and by region and local area are all available through the Canadian Census, no province or territory reported on any of the data elements according to these social markers (Figure 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279904-hfnlp6qv author = Hoedl, M. title = COVID-19 among nursing staff: Settings and regional differences date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3765 sentences = 241 flesch = 59 summary = statistically significant differences between the settings and the federal provinces with regard to the COVID-19 symptoms reported, but not the test results. statistically significant differences between the settings and the federal provinces with regard to the COVID-19 symptoms reported, but not the test results. Hence, we designed and carried out the current study to investigate settings and specific regional differences with regard to COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnoses among nursing staff. In this study, we investigated the effect of settings and regional differences on the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnosis by nursing staff. However, these findings might be explained by the fact that we asked the nursing staff retrospectively; at the time of our data collection, the provinces of Lower and Upper Austria were reporting relatively high numbers of COVID-19affected persons. cache = ./cache/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279942-y5io9qzl author = Chakrabarty, Rajan K. title = Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3073 sentences = 179 flesch = 49 summary = Evidence is emerging that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm or less) associates with higher COVID-19 mortality rates, but whether it also associates with the speed at which the disease is capable of spreading in a population is unknown. Here, we establish the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in the United States (US) and COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio R 0– a dimensionless epidemic measure of the rapidity of disease spread through a population. ) Recent studies have have strongly associated COVID-19 mortality with long-term air pollution exposure in the US , as well as identifying that long-term meteorological and climatic variables play a minor role in comparison to the amount of susceptible population for fundamentally driving the pandemic dynamics (Baker et al. cache = ./cache/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280089-x8fs34d7 author = Park, Hayne Cho title = Korean clinical practice guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis facilities date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3047 sentences = 150 flesch = 49 summary = Calling on previous experience with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during the 2015 outbreak, the joint committee of the Korean Society of Nephrology and the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy quickly formed a COVID-19 task force team to develop a manual before the first index case was diagnosed in the hemodialysis unit. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within hemodialysis facilities, which were developed to protect patients, healthcare workers, and caregivers from this highly transmissible virus. The areas of infection control covered by these guidelines include standard precautions, performing dialysis therapy for confirmed or suspected cases, performing cohort isolation for contact patients, and disease monitoring and contact surveillance. COVID-19 clinical practice guidelines for HD facilities were developed by a joint committee comprised of members from the Korean Society of Nephrology, the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy, and the Korean Center for Disease Control & Prevention. cache = ./cache/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279750-if9vphb2 author = Savić, Dragan title = Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2041 sentences = 138 flesch = 50 summary = title: Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old girl with a ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery (M2 segment) with severe intracerebral hemorrhage as the earliest manifestation of COVID-19 infection. There are rare case reports of adult patients (the youngest was a 31-year-old male, other patients over 60 years old) with COVID-19 infection and ruptured cerebral aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage [1, 16, 19] . In this paper, we present an adolescent girl with COVID-19 infection, who developed an intracerebral hematoma due to cerebral pseudoaneurysm rupture. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an adolescent with ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm as the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection. As a consequence of the infection, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome or the direct damage by the virus has resulted in severe brain hemorrhage attributable to the ruptured pseudoaneurysm. cache = ./cache/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280043-bm0qkrod author = Esagian, Stepan M. title = Challenges in Abdominal Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4217 sentences = 214 flesch = 38 summary = As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, abdominal organ transplantation programs are currently facing multiple challenges. According to the report of the first case series from China, a significant proportion of patients (23.7%) suffered from comorbidities, which are commonly seen in abdominal transplant candidates, including hypertension (15.0%), diabetes mellitus (7.2%), hepatitis B infection (2.1%), cancer (0.9%), chronic kidney disease (0.7%) and immunodeficiency (0.2%) (7) . Although data for abdominal organ transplant candidates and recipients are still limited, emerging reports have indicated that these patients may present with atypical COVID-19 manifestations. These guidelines address three potential standpoints the epidemic confronts transplantation systems with; first, the risk of donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 infection, which although has not been reported thus far in neither organ or blood product recipients, extensive donor screening protocols have been implemented in many transplant centers in pandemic areas. cache = ./cache/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279913-lgdmlies author = Katz, D. H. title = Proteomic Profiling in Biracial Cohorts Implicates DC-SIGN as a Mediator of Genetic Risk in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4032 sentences = 229 flesch = 52 summary = To understand how these loci might confer risk and whether this differs by race, we utilized proteomic profiling and genetic information from three cohorts including black and white participants to identify proteins influenced by these loci. We tested for associations between genetic variants at the ABO and 3p21.31 loci and protein levels in the three cohorts to identify possible mediators of disease. Table 1 shows the 56 proteins that associate with variants within 1MB of the transcription start site (TSS) of the ABO gene in either JHS or FHS/MDCS or both at a p-value < 5×10 -8 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20125690 doi: medRxiv preprint Proteins associated with any variant within 1MB of transcription start site of ABO gene in either Jackson Heart Study (JHS) or Framingham Heart Study (FHS)/Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). Proteins associated with any variant within chr3:45800446-46135604 of hg38 in either Jackson Heart Study (JHS) or Framingham Heart Study (FHS)/Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279960-1phc0wds author = Zhao, Ai title = Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5973 sentences = 296 flesch = 52 summary = This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. This study was conducted via a quick online survey to assess dietary diversity among Chinese residents during the time of isolation and "staying at home" due to COVID-19 and to explore its associated factors. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants' characteristics, approaches for food purchasing/sourcing, and certain dietary strategies to cope with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280147-xvzi1i0v author = Consoli, Letizia title = 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia complications: the importance of lung ultrasound date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1386 sentences = 76 flesch = 46 summary = Herein, we report a case of a patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia referred in the emergency department of our institution on April 4, 2020, with peculiar lung ultrasound findings. In January 2020, Chinese scientists isolated a novel coronavirus from patients affected by viral pneumonia, denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), and in February 2020, the World Health Organization designated as COVID-19 the coronavirus disease caused by SARS-COV-2. As indicated in a report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 44,500 SARS-COV-2 patients, severe respiratory symptoms were found in 14% of cases, characterized by dyspnea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging. On the other hand, ultrasound may produce a real-time and dynamic evaluation, even in Convex array probe showed the absence pleural sliding at the left lung with a "barcode sign" at the M-mode evaluation cases with critical complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, such as pneumothorax. cache = ./cache/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279991-w2aoogjj author = Labrague, Leodoro J. title = Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4685 sentences = 242 flesch = 48 summary = As unmanaged anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 may potentially lead to long-term effects on nurses' work performance and job satisfaction, leading to frequent absenteeism and eventual turnover (Lee et al., 2020; , it is critically important to examine whether frontline nurses' fear of COVID-19 contributes to psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. After adjusting for nurse/unit/hospital characteristics, an increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction (β = -0.165; p = 0.01), increased psychological distress (β = 0.464; p = 0.001) and increased organisational (β = 0.298; p = 0.001) and professional (β = 0.219; p = 0.001) turnover intentions. This study investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on frontline nurses' job satisfaction, psychological distress, organisational turnover intention and professional turnover intention. cache = ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280164-dukccrjb author = Nachega, Jean B. title = Responding to the Challenge of the Dual COVID-19 and Ebola Epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo—Priorities for Achieving Control date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2305 sentences = 116 flesch = 51 summary = With other African countries, the DRC faces the challenge of striking a balance between easing public health lockdown measures to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and minimizing both economic hardships for large sectors of the population and negative impacts on health services for other infectious and noninfectious diseases. Building on the DRC's 40 years of experience with 10 previous EVD outbreaks, we highlight the DRC's multi-sectoral public health approach to COVID-19, which includes community-based screening, testing, contact-tracing, risk communication, community engagement, and case management. [2] [3] [4] The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) recently experienced its tenth Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, the second largest globally after the 2014-2016 West African epidemic, which was recently brought under control. A multi-sectoral national committee to organize the COVID-19 response was created following the diagnosis of the first confirmed cases ( Figure 2 ) using lessons learned from the tenth EVD outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280055-5iwo6tlb author = Vieira, Tiago title = The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19 date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8964 sentences = 395 flesch = 58 summary = COMPANY -dealing with aspects of the relation with the companies (mainly doubts and complaints shared among peers, before/instead of addressing the company itself); LABOR RHYTHM -related to the ongoing movement of demands made by clients (usually to assess if low levels of requests were an individual situation or a broader issue); POLICE/SECURITY -shared information about (past or present) police controls and other aspects that could jeopardize the security of PDW, such as requests for delivery of illicit substances; RENTED ACCOUNTS -information on accounts to be rented (essentially from people procuring them, but also some advertising and some doubts' clarification); STATE -discussion all aspects related to the relation of PDW with the state, mainly: the decision of the state of emergency, its renewal and its implications, and clarification of doubts on issues related with taxes and social security; COVID -information and debate of news and concerns directly related to COVID-19 (the evolution of numbers, who is to blame, what measures to take to reduce of the possibility of being infected); SERVICES -advertisement, sharing or procurement of services, disregard how work-related they are: second-hand backpacks, bikes' workshops, flats for rent, cigarettes, fuel, videogames or even direct requests to workers seeking to avoid the fees charged by the apps; OTHER -jokes, memes, motivational messages of various sorts. cache = ./cache/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280050-fktc778q author = Tahir, Shumaila title = Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3423 sentences = 182 flesch = 53 summary = Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 412 patients who were residents of East Karachi and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between February 26 to April 24, 2020. The primary aim of this retrospective observational study was to report the epidemiological features and statistics of individuals infected with COVID-19 from February 26 to April 24 from East Karachi, Pakistan, and contribute towards an accurate collection of figures from the country. The suspected or confirmed cases were clinically classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical, according to the National Institute of Health, Pakistan guidelines and are defined below in Table 1 [9]. Candidates with fever, symptoms of lower respiratory illness, and a travel history to Wuhan, China or other countries with uncontrolled COVID-19 cases or who have been in contact with an individual suspected of COVID-19 or with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the preceding 14 days should be isolated and tested for the infection promptly [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280005-i9fp5rys author = Wang, Mengmei title = Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3185 sentences = 172 flesch = 49 summary = title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial CONCLUSIONS: In COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity, no benefit in terms of the duration of viral shedding was observed with the combined treatment of leflunomide and IFN α-2a beyond IFN α-2a alone. Based on that background, we conducted a prospective randomized, controlled, open-label trial, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral leflunomide to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients with prolonged post-symptomatic viral shedding. Fifty eligible patients were randomly assigned to a combination treatment group that received leflunomide (50 mg, q12h, three consecutive times, orally; then 20 mg, once a day for 8 days; a total course of 10 days) plus nebulized IFN -2a (3 million IU each time, adding 2 ml of sterilized water, atomization inhalation twice daily for 10 days), or to a control group that received nebulized IFN -2a This was an open-label, prospective randomized, controlled trial, which was conducted at East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. cache = ./cache/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280029-g1k3zlax author = Gabutti, Giovanni title = Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5006 sentences = 271 flesch = 53 summary = The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS is caused by a virus that emerged in southern China in November 2002 and led to [ 8000 human infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries in the 2002-2003 period [3] ; MERS is related to a virus detected for the first time in Saudi Arabia in 2012, responsible for 2494 laboratoryconfirmed cases of infection and 858 deaths since September 2012 [4] . On January 11 and 12, 2020, the WHO received further details and information from the Chinese National Health Commission regarding the possible association of this epidemic with exposure in a fish market in Wuhan, and the Chinese authorities shared the genetic sequence of a new coronavirus, subsequently identified as SARS-CoV-2 [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279933-l7nen2uj author = Hsu, Jeffrey J. title = COVID‐19 in a High‐Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2514 sentences = 159 flesch = 51 summary = In this report, we present a dual‐organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID‐19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course. 3 Based on prior studies of respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, 4 it has also been assumed that this population, with its associated immunosuppressed state, is at higher risk of morbidity and mortality with COVID-19. 6, 7 Here we present a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a diabetic dual-organ (heart/kidney) recipient, whose course was unexpectedly mild despite the presence of numerous risk factors. A 39-year-old man with a history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease who underwent combined heart/kidney transplant in 2017 presented to our Emergency Department for COVID-19 testing via nasopharyngeal swab after experiencing one day of rapid onset symptoms that included fevers (up to 101.8F), headache, sore throat, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and myalgias. cache = ./cache/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280210-6xivdgvt author = Eichner, E. Randy title = Writing on Sports Medicine in Pandemic Times date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1661 sentences = 119 flesch = 75 summary = So I try to keep up with epidemiology, even though at this writing, in May 2020, more than 10,000 scientific or medical articles have already appeared on this novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that causes the disease COVID-19. So, against all odds, I will start with thoughts on infections and epidemics, on our primal fear of contagion, and on quarantine or "social distancing." Then, I will address four questions I have received that are relevant to athletes. Now is the time to read John Barry's "The Great Influenza," on the deadliest plague in history, the influenza pandemic from early 1918 to early 1920 that killed up to 100 million people worldwide. Early in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome panic, a Boston neurosurgeon called for Massachusetts to quarantine "irresponsible" carriers of human immunodeficiency virus on Penikese Island. Question 3: If athletes test positive for the antibody, are they immune to this Coronavirus? cache = ./cache/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280133-c0k3uag9 author = Artese, Flavia title = Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1124 sentences = 72 flesch = 63 summary = Scientific journals are making a huge effort in publishing, as quickly as possible, the available current knowledge on this virus, which seems to grow faster than our capability of retrieving clinically applicable information. An excellent summary of information by the Director of the NIH 3 explains very clearly why social distancing may be the best immediate solution to slow the spread of COVID-19. He described how government priorities do change when facing fear and desperation, when the President of the USA asked the scientific community to do him a favor and speed things up in preparing a vaccine or a treatment for COVID-19. The Dental Press publishers also joined this movement, opening their complete digital data, called Dental GO, and offering dentists all over the world an access to a collection of over 6,000 publications in Dentistry, which include the Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine cache = ./cache/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280068-rszu1c48 author = Twomey, Julianne D. title = COVID-19 update: The race to therapeutic development date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6195 sentences = 331 flesch = 42 summary = We highlight two major lines of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment: 1) repurposing the existing drugs for use in COVID-19 patients, such as antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) and immunomodulators (e.g., dexamethasone) which were previously approved for other disease conditions, and 2) novel biological products that are designed to target specific molecules that are involved in SARS-COV-2 viral entry, including neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-COV-2, such as REGN-COV2 (an antibody cocktail) and LY-COV555, as well as recombinant human soluble ACE2 protein to counteract SARS-COV-2 binding to the transmembrane ACE2 receptor in target cells. The current review highlights the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, including small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to target the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, viral amplification or the host immune responses. cache = ./cache/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280410-j32tuj5s author = Rose, Adam J. title = COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 786 sentences = 47 flesch = 72 summary = Growing evidence shows that many non-COVID patients have stayed home with obvious heart attack symptoms rather than coming into the hospital, for fear of catching This has led to patients dying at home, increases in otherwise rare complications such as ventricular wall rupture, 2 and generally to unnecessarily severe complications from events that might have been easily managed under usual circumstances. Cancer treatment has been delayed or disrupted in many cases, despite valiant efforts by healthcare workers to continue it. COVID-19 has not been good for medical care delivery, for patients, or for healthcare workers. While some (or even many) disruptions have been bad for patients and the healthcare system, others seem to have been helpful. Certainly, readers can furnish many examples of how COVID-19 has been bad for care delivery in their area of expertise, their clinic, or their hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280234-anlytu3q author = Memar, Elmira Haji Esmaeil title = Fulminant hepatic failure: a rare and devastating manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 in an 11-year-old boy date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1546 sentences = 83 flesch = 42 summary = Although several typical manifestation of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including respiratory symptoms, weakness, fever, and fatigue have been reported, some rare and novel manifestations have also been observed, particularly in children. In this study, we report a novel pediatric case of fulminant hepatic failure associated with COVIDAlthough there have been a significantly smaller number of reported cases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population compared with the adults, the number of infected children has seen a moderate increase [2, 7] . Owing to the acute fulminant hepatic failure in our patient, the only treatment option was liver transplantation; however, because of the progressive course of the disease and its rapid progression to stage 4 with encephalopathy and brain death, he died. In conclusion, in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, especially in cases with symptoms including fever, respiratory distress, and diarrhea, we should rule out COVID-19 infection as the underlying cause. cache = ./cache/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280231-jo3grxd5 author = Hardenberg, Jan‐Hendrik title = Covid‐19, ACE2 and the kidney date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3901 sentences = 285 flesch = 55 summary = Corona-virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 15 A cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length human ACE2 in the presence of the neutral amino acid transporter collectrin (also known as B 0 AT1), with or without the receptor SARS-CoV2 binding domain (RBD), of the surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, both at an overall resolution of 2.9 angstroms, with a local resolution of 3.5 F I G U R E 1 Evolution of the "anginotensin converting enzyme" (ACE) family. 25 That Covid-19 patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) would not be a surprise. Progressive respiratory failure, not renal failure, is the primary T A B L E 1 A brief overview of Covid-19 patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal-replacement therapies (RRT) Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or haematuric remission and recovery from AKI. cache = ./cache/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280223-6ro2deuv author = Ciacchini, Benedetta title = Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1967 sentences = 110 flesch = 50 summary = While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, which generally presents a benign course and a low lethality, the current emergency might negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare. All these cases share a significant diagnostic delay caused by the parents' reluctance to seek medical attention, seen as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 contagion. While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, the current emergency might cause indirect detrimental consequences © The Author(s). On the other hand, it has been shown that in the context of the current pandemic the population is discouraged from accessing hospitals even when urgent medical intervention would be mandatory, resulting in a greater severity of the patient's conditions at the time of A&E admission. cache = ./cache/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280206-49qjyhrd author = Szczerbińska, Katarzyna title = Could we have done better with COVID-19 in nursing homes? date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3212 sentences = 153 flesch = 50 summary = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed recommendations to keep COVID-19 from entering LTC facilities: everyday active screening residents for early detection, preventing spread of infection in the facility, and assuring optimized personal protective equipment (PPE) supply. Therefore, more effective procedures are needed to protect the residents from being exposed to the infection being brought into the institution by others: for example, regular testing of staff in advance, and a labour law assuring compensation when the worker is ill to avoid a person with symptoms coming to work. The Special Interest Group in Long-Term Care of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (SIG-LTC of EUGMS) advocates for implementing a minimum standard of care in the nursing homes, which includes an obligatory training in LTC for physicians, which might improve the quality of care for residents and their protection from infections like SARS-CoV-2 [11] . Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility cache = ./cache/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280227-4v4mbej4 author = Dasgupta, Prokar title = Covid‐19 and urology date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 492 sentences = 32 flesch = 55 summary = It is thought that kidney cells are particularly prone to invasion by the virus, as evidenced by the numbers of kidney dysfunction cases in COVID-19 patients, and this may be attributable to the presence of angiotensin-converting 2 enzyme receptors on a small percentage of these cells to which the SARS-CoV-2 virus has an affinity. The article further discusses the difficulty for medical students and trainees, transplant clinics and oncology, focusing on China, Italy and the UK. The use of webinars for presentation of cases and social media, such as Twitter's Journal Club (https://twitter.com/iurojc), can allow such remote discussions to take place. COVID-19 pandemic -is virtual urology clinic the answer to keeping the cancer pathway moving? Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature Bolstering the surgical response to COVID-19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice cache = ./cache/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280078-jbwphya5 author = Bonati, Elena title = Postoperative vocal fold dysfunction in covid-19 era: are we still in time for a recovery? date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1048 sentences = 49 flesch = 45 summary = The latest guidelines published by the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons in March 2020 recommend laryngeal examination in patients with known or suspected new recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction after thyroidectomy, for additional evaluation and possible treatment with a speech pathologist. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, they assert that early referral (2-8 weeks post surgery) to a laryngologist, in combination with early intervention, results in superior voice outcomes, since the ideal time for vocal fold augmentation is <3 months after thyroidectomy [2] . Patients who underwent thyroid surgery from February 2020 and who had experienced a vocal fold disfunction (VFD) were unable to undergo a laryngoscopy nor, much less, a speech therapy, according to health measures necessary to contain the spread of the virus. COVID-19 pandemic: effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice cache = ./cache/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280182-615096py author = Govindan, Kannan title = A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5437 sentences = 302 flesch = 55 summary = Therefore, this paper, for the first time, develops a practical decision support system based on physicians' knowledge and fuzzy inference system (FIS) in order to help with the demand management in the healthcare supply chain, to reduce stress in the community, to break down the COVID-19 propagation chain, and, generally, to mitigate the epidemic outbreaks for healthcare supply chain disruptions.  Developing a decision support system based on FIS to manage demand in a healthcare supply chain, to break down or decelerate the virus chain, and to control the outbreak of an epidemic to mitigate its impact on the healthcare supply chain  Grouping people (service recipients) based on two criteria, including age and pre-existing diseases (such as diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure) and providing an independent classification method for each group  Evaluating the efficiency of the proposed approach using real world data and its validity by a sensitivity analysis procedure. cache = ./cache/cord-280182-615096py.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280182-615096py.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280195-646xesqp author = Spencer, Hunter C. title = COVID-19 presenting as neutropenic fever date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 605 sentences = 40 flesch = 53 summary = We describe successful recovery from mild COVID-19 in a patient with pancytopenia presenting with neutropenic fever. A case series of over 1000 patients in China observed 83% of patients had lymphopenia but did not report neutropenia, defined as absolute neutrophil count less than 1500 per cubic mm [1] . His labs at presentation were notable for pancytopenia, with mild trilineage decrease compared with baseline (Table 1) . He was treated with cefepime, in accordance with guideline recommendations for neutropenic fever, and azithromycin based on initial concern for atypical bacterial community-acquired pneumonia [2] . As COVID-19 spreads among neutropenic patients, further observations regarding the clinical course and response to emerging therapies are necessary to understand the host-virus interaction in this high-risk group. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan China: a retrospective cohort study Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280372-u56ydlve author = Smith, L. E. title = The impact of believing you have had COVID-19 on behaviour: Cross-sectional survey date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4353 sentences = 245 flesch = 63 summary = Main outcome measures: Perceived immunity to COVID-19, self-reported adherence to social distancing measures (going out for essential shopping, nonessential shopping, and meeting up with friends/family; total out-of-home activity), worry about COVID-19 and perceived risk of COVID-19 to oneself and people in the UK. People who believed that they had had COVID-19 were: more likely to agree that they had some immunity to COVID-19; less likely to report adhering to social distancing measures; less worried about COVID-19; and less likely to know that cough and high temperature / fever are two of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. (3) People who believe they have had COVID-19 may be more likely to think they are completely immune, stop engaging in protective behaviours such as handwashing and reduce their social distancing measures. We found that people who thought they had had COVID-19 were more likely to think that they had some immunity to the virus and were less likely to adhere to social distancing measures. cache = ./cache/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280221-s6oxq772 author = Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel title = Convalescent serum therapy for COVID-19: A 19th century remedy for a 21st century disease date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2042 sentences = 109 flesch = 43 summary = The high degree of success in achieving favorable clinical outcomes during these coronaviruses outbreaks establishes a strong precedent and supports the notion that convalescent plasma could be a viable option for treatment of COVID-19 patients, particularly upon early administration [6, 9, 12, [21] [22] [23] . The convalescent plasma therapeutic approach is based on the principle of passive antibody therapy, a short-term strategy whereby antibodies from the blood of someone who recovered from an infection can be administered to protect or treat another person [6, 21] . However, although this phenomenon is well known with Dengue and other viral diseases, there have not been any reported ADE cases with the use of convalescent plasma for SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 [12, 29, [32] [33] [34] [35] . Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19 Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection cache = ./cache/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280241-h16s6wwm author = McStay, R. title = COVID-19: looking beyond the peak. Challenges and tips for radiologists in follow-up of a novel patient cohort date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4857 sentences = 215 flesch = 40 summary = Following on from initial statements in the acute phase of the pandemic (1) (2), this update from the British Society of Thoracic Imaging group aims to provide an overview of the multisystem complications of COVID-19 with a focus on the thoracic manifestations, in particular the lung parenchymal and pulmonary vascular sequelae. The authors will also explore the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidance on the respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19, including the resource implications for departments, discuss the potential use of structured reporting of follow-up imaging and outline future opportunities for longitudinal data collection and research. A perilobular pattern of organising pneumonia (32) , recognised in the acute phase of the disease, may also be present on follow-up but may dissipate on later imaging, especially if unaccompanied by signs of fibrosis (Fig. 10) . cache = ./cache/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280361-242yq90p author = Emmanuel, Stip title = Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1108 sentences = 87 flesch = 43 summary = Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic. For instance, the FDA has authorized clinicians to prescribe chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for patients admitted to hospital with covid-19, and in parallel there were warnings from scientific advisers that no randomized controlled trial has been completed to date to support the drugs' safety and efficacy in this COVID-19 population (Lenzer 2020 , Owens 2020 insomnia and psychomotor agitation. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the prevention or treatment of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Africa: caution for inappropriate off-label use in healthcare settings Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Psychosis following chloroquine ingestion: a 10-year comparative study from a malaria-hyperendemic district of India Psychosis likely induced by hydropxychloroquine in a patient with chronic Q fever: a case report and clinically relevant review of pharmacology Toxic psychosis during chloroquine treatment Serious psychiatric symptoms after chloroquine treatment following experimental malaria infection cache = ./cache/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280331-iu2e14jo author = Taboe, Hémaho B. title = Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West-Africa date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6962 sentences = 345 flesch = 52 summary = Considering currently applied health control measures, numerical simulations of the model using baseline parameter values estimated from West-African COVID-19 data project a 67% reduction in the daily number of cases when the epidemic attains its peak. We conclude that curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic burden significantly in West-Africa requires more control measures than those that have already been implemented, as well as more mass testing and contact tracing in order to identify and isolate asymptomatic individuals early. Heat maps were plotted to investigate the individual and combined effects of pairs of control measures such as contact tracing, isolation, and using control measures that lead to a reduction in disease transmission, e.g., lockdowns, social and physical distancing, mask use, etc., on COVID-19 in West-Africa (Fig. 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280370-td8b6fap author = Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Lara title = Mortalidad por Covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer en un hospital de Madrid durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1684 sentences = 193 flesch = 61 summary = El estudio pretende conocer la mortalidad en nuestro centro por covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia. Se han revisado todos los fallecimientos por covid-19 de pacientes ingresados en nuestro centro durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia y que presentaban además antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años sin evidencia de enfermedad o cáncer en tratamiento activo. Durante el periodo analizado 36 pacientes con antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años o con cáncer activo han presentado enfermedad covid-19 confirmada por PCR lo que representa el 3,4% de los casos confirmados falleciendo por la infección 15 (41,6% de mortalidad). La incidencia observada de pacientes con antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años o cáncer activo y enfermedad covid-19 en la pequeña muestra que representa nuestro centro es del 3,36% duplicando por tanto la esperable. cache = ./cache/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280373-xhvhep84 author = Faust, A. title = Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical. A status quo analysis across German research ethics committees date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3663 sentences = 218 flesch = 45 summary = Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey across all 52 German RECs on the challenges and potential solutions with reviewing proposals for COVID-19 studies. For the review of these proposals the RECs indicated a broad spectrum of challenges regarding i) social value (e.g. lack of coordination), ii) scientific validity (e.g. provisional study planning), iii) favourable risk-benefit ratio (e.g. difficult benefit assessment), iv) informed consent (e.g. strict isolation measures), v) independent review (e.g. lack of time), vi) fair selection of trial participants (e.g. inclusion of vulnerable groups), and vii) respect for study participants (e.g. data security). The qualitative responses from the 22 RECs on perceived challenges and proposed solutions were all grouped under one or more of seven principles of the employed research ethics framework: social value, scientific validity, informed consent, respect for participants, independent review, favourable risk-benefit analysis and fair participant selection. cache = ./cache/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author = Bertoncelli, Deborah title = COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3393 sentences = 181 flesch = 36 summary = Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome for which the etiologic agent is the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first described in December 2019 in China in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia. The main presenting clinical feature of the disease is pneumonia, ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but cardiovascular involvement is emerging as one of the most significant and life-threatening complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1, 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280358-ru2hv6pz author = Auvinen, R. title = Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4219 sentences = 271 flesch = 50 summary = title: Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study Objective We compared the clinical characteristics, findings and outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza to detect relevant differences. Our prospective population-based influenza study was already recruiting hospitalized adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), which gave us the opportunity to enroll COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the outbreak. In previous studies, along with age and other comorbidities, obesity has been a risk factor for severe disease and ICU admission in both COVID-19 and influenza, which supports our findings [30, 31] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20140632 doi: medRxiv preprint epidemic, occasionally SARS-CoV-2 detection alone was conducted without influenza testing on clinical grounds, however, of the COVID-19 patients included in this study, 21 (75%) were tested for influenza and no co-infections were found. cache = ./cache/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280437-6u3kepat author = Kalippurayil Moozhipurath, R. title = Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 Deaths date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6136 sentences = 378 flesch = 58 summary = We use the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths and case-fatality rate (CFR) as the main dependent variables to test our hypothesis and isolate UVI effect from potential confounding factors such as underlying time trends, country-specific time-constant and time-varying factors such as weather. The corresponding country level data consist of the cumulative daily COVID-19 deaths and infections, the daily ultraviolet index (UVI), which is closely connected to the daily UVB radiation, and a set of control variables such as daily weather parameters such as precipitation index, cloud index, ozone level, humidity level, as well as minimum and maximum temperature. The effect of UVI is isolated from time-constant country-specific factors (see Figure 1 ) by using a within-transformation of the transformed structural model as The key finding is the significant negative long-run association of UVI on cumulative COVID-19 deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280440-35h2x8dg author = Mitchell, Rob title = A ‘new normal’: Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1189 sentences = 75 flesch = 49 summary = title: A 'new normal': Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care Lessons learned through the pandemic stand to have a substantial impact on emergency departments (EDs) all over the world, in both high-and low-resource settings. Dr Mitchell reports he is a member of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine's (ACEM) COVID-19 Clinical Guidelines Working Party, and was lead author for ACEM's guidance 'Managing COVID-19 across the Indo-Pacific: A guide for emergency departments with limited resources'. Dr Nou reports he is President of the Papua New Guinea Society for Emergency Medicine and Hospital Manager at the Rita Flynn COVID-19 Temporary Treatment Facility in Port Moresby. RM and GN both contributed to content development based on their clinical experiences with COVID-19 in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The authors would like to acknowledge all those clinicians who, despite challenging circumstances, are providing emergency care throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280521-sqhzcm87 author = Qazi, Saqib Hamid title = Continuing and ensuring surgical care for children during COVID and post-COVID crisis date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 412 sentences = 32 flesch = 53 summary = In the upcoming months, devising recovery plans that suits every specialty or hospital will be challenging but continuous development of guidelines and frameworks to overcome this burden will strengthen and better equip the healthcare system during the post-pandemic phase, and also ensure quality of patient care and adequate training of the young trainees and doctors. Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges to delivering pediatric surgery services in the midst of COVID 19 crisis: experience from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Addressing Covid-19 fear to encourage sick patients to seek emergency care. Resuming elective surgical services in times of COVID-19 infection. Roadmap for Restarting Elective Surgery During/After COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280471-cqypwi5d author = Sun, Hua-Bao title = The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4324 sentences = 202 flesch = 57 summary = To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients with COVID-19. Characteristic chest CT imaging patterns, positive nucleic acid detection in nasal and throat swab samples, normal or decreased numbers of peripheral white blood cells, decreased numbers of lymphocytes and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines are the key factors in the diagnosis of COVID-19 [3] . The total number of lymphocytes, the percentages of lymphocyte subtypes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) secreted by CD4+ helper T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by hematology counter and flow cytometer, respectively. In the COVID-19 patients in the general, severe and critical groups, the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly lower than those in the normal control group. cache = ./cache/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280416-wd6jm2ms author = Mukhopadhyay, S. title = Dynamic dysregulation of IL-6 and genes functional in NETosis, complement and coagulation in severe COVID-19 illness date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4105 sentences = 248 flesch = 48 summary = Comprehensive and unbiased re-analysis of published blood transcriptome data from patients of COVID-19 reveals significant up-regulation of the gene set functional in NETosis, but no evidence of general cytokine storm. In severe COVID-19 illness, there is significant up-regulation of complement and coagulation pathway, and negative correlation between NETosis and respiratory function (oxygen saturation). However, at present, it is difficult to predict with certainty the patients at high-risk for clinical severity and poor outcome, although multiple pathophysiological processes have been proposed, such as, cytokine storm [2, 3] , coagulation and complement activation [4] , neutrophil extracellular trap -NETosis [5] . Gene set enrichment analysis (permutation testing) revealed that the genes functional in NETosis were strongly up-regulated in the blood of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects ( Figure 1A ). Our analysis (of data from [13]) also revealed significant up-regulation of the complement pathway genes in severe COVID-19 illness. cache = ./cache/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author = Ma, Lin-Lu title = Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2885 sentences = 135 flesch = 47 summary = Therefore, we aim to share our experience with the rest of the world based on an analysis of the evolving changes in the diagnostic criteria incorporated in the different versions of China's national guidelines for COVID-19. In the first edition, three types were described: observed case, confirmed case, and critical case; however, from the second edition onwards, the term "observed case" has been changed to "suspected case, " and the criteria for "severe case" has been added. However, this item was deleted from the second edition onwards, but "a history of contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city within the last 14 days before symptom onset, or with a cluster of confirmed cases" was added. Hence, in the fifth edition of the guideline, suspected patients who had imaging features of pneumonia in Hubei Province were considered as clinically diagnosed cases, and then given standardized treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280470-dtb2nza1 author = Bairagi, A. K. title = A Noncooperative Game Analysis for Controlling COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4252 sentences = 315 flesch = 62 summary = In this paper, we provide an analytical model on the effectiveness of the sustainable lockdown policy that accommodates both isolation and social distancing features of the individuals. Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is also interpreted with the help of a game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing. In [9] , the authors investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics based on 125 91 cases of COVID-19 patients of Zhejiang, China. In case of 50% individuals in the home isolation, the 355 incentive for N = 2, 000 is 97.08%, 42.50%, and 15.96% more than that of N = 500, 356 N = 1, 000, and N = 1, 500, respectively. With more percentages of home isolation individuals, the number of loackdown 372 period is less, and possible of spreading of COVID-19 is also less. cache = ./cache/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280491-tarb3mu7 author = Wu, Yin title = Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4271 sentences = 244 flesch = 55 summary = title: Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study 14 We used suggestions from 121 people with SSc and content analysis to develop a preliminary 15-item version of a fear measure for people with chronic medical conditions. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate items for inclusion in the final COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions; (2) evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the questionnaire; and (3) verify the factor structure and other validity indictors in follow-up data. In addition to the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions, we tested a SSc-specific version, which included an additional item that reflected fears of having to discontinue the use of immunosuppressant medications, which are used by approximately half of people with SSc. 48 The measurement properties did not change meaningfully by inclusion or exclusion of the item, but some patient advisors and team members believed that content validity of a measure for people with SSc required coverage of this topic. cache = ./cache/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280423-v3r7vo0o author = Desmazes‐Dufeu, Nadine title = Discordant courses of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1771 sentences = 107 flesch = 52 summary = Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 due to their chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) and to their associated conditions. We report here two cases of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis, who had different ISDs management and who developed discordant courses of their disease. We report here two cases of synchronic COVID-19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis but who had discordant courses of their disease. 13 While lymphopenia and lower CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes count have been associated with worst outcome and prolonged viral shedding in the general population of COVID-19 patients, 14 other reports suggested that ISDs per se might diminish the "cytokine storm" underlying the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280427-smqc23vr author = Singla, Rubal title = Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7194 sentences = 381 flesch = 58 summary = The various evidence from the past clearly suggest that the evolution of the virus in both reservoir and intermediate animal hosts needs to be explored to better evaluate the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The qPCR and virus titration test conducted on the various isolated organs of the ferrets on day 4 post inoculation detected infectious virus in the nasal turbinate, soft palate and tonsils of ferrets indicating the possible replication of the virus in the upper respiratory tract of the ferrets while no infection was found in other organs such as trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, small intestine, brain and liver of the ferrets (Kim et al. This study results stipulate ferret to have high susceptibility for the SARS-CoV-2 and this infectious virus sheds by multiple routes of body discharge specimens such as urine and faeces of the infected ferrets which serve as a potential source of viral transmission to close contact. cache = ./cache/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280538-lrvqhx98 author = Wang, Haiyan title = Using A Partial Differential Equation with Google Mobility Data to Predict COVID-19 in Arizona date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4668 sentences = 274 flesch = 60 summary = This paper aims to provide a forecasting model for COVID-19 cases with the help of human activity data from the Google Community Mobility Reports. To achieve this goal, a specific partial differential equation (PDE) is developed and validated with the COVID-19 data from the New York Times at the county level in the state of Arizona in the U.S. The proposed model describes the combined effects of transboundary spread among county clusters in Arizona and human actives on the transmission of COVID-19. To help to combat the spread of COVID-19, Google releases the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports which provide daily, county-level aggregated data on time spent at different categories of activities, compared with a baseline period before the epidemic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PDE model incorporating COVID-19 Community Mobility data to predict the number of COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280540-yw8o3c1l author = Patel, A. P. title = Race, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a National Biobank date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1211 sentences = 83 flesch = 48 summary = The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study. 5 Participants with greater Townsend Deprivation Indices were at substantially higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, with a similar pattern observed based on self-reported household income ( Figure, Panels B, C) . Within a large population of participants in a national biobank, striking gradients in risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 were noted according to race and a metric of socioeconomic deprivation. No reuse allowed without permission.was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted May 2, 2020. No reuse allowed without permission.was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted May 2, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280554-9jp85yzz author = Lamure, Sylvain title = Determinants of outcome in Covid-19 hospitalized patients with lymphoma: A retrospective multicentric cohort study date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 225 flesch = 48 summary = The data obtained concerning lymphoma history included the date of diagnosis, pathological classification according to the WHO classification for lymphoid neoplasms [19] , number of treatment lines, past autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, detailed bendamustine and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody use (date of first and last administration), and lymphoma status at admission for Covid-19 (complete or partial remission, diagnosed at admission, under first or second line treatment, in watch and wait follow-up, or refractory/ relapsed). Covariates considered in this analysis were age ( 70 years versus below), gender, BMI ( 30 kg/m 2 versus below), smoking status, presence of comorbidities (overall or hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, or past history of cancer) and ongoing antihypertensive treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), main lymphoma subtypes (Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), or T-cell NHL), recent administration of corticosteroids (within one month), use of bendamustine (within one year), or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (within one year), time between diagnosis of lymphoma and hospitalization for Covid-19 (< 2 years versus 2 years), past history of autologous stem cell transplant, and lymphoma status (refractory/relapsed versus others). cache = ./cache/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280628-ok62havd author = Groß, Sonja title = SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4453 sentences = 252 flesch = 43 summary = COVID-19 requires the collaboration of nearly 200 countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while gaining time to explore and improve treatment options especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and immunocompromised patients, who appear to be at high-risk to die from cardiopulmonary failure. Since the coronavirus disease (COVID19) is still an emerging pandemic with more than 2.1 million confirmed cases worldwide [1] , special focus is currently directed towards the understanding of why people are hospitalized, receive intensive care, and frequently die as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While higher mortality rates among CVD patients are also associated with other respiratory diseases (especially influenza virus-induced flu or previous SARS epidemics), the question was put forward, whether people treated for heart-related illness are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, based on first epidemiological evidence, but particularly based on the presumed upregulation of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. cache = ./cache/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280528-7ivw72l0 author = TUFAN, Abdurrahman title = COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7053 sentences = 364 flesch = 42 summary = In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm. The effective antiviral responses of the host innate and adaptive immunity, including the production of various proinflammatory cytokines, the activation of T cells, CD4 and CD8+ T cells, are essential for controlling the viral replication, limiting the spread of virus, inflammation and cleaning the infected cells [31, 32] . Few retrospective studies have revealed that the lung injury reported with Murray score is strongly associated with the level of IL-1α, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-ɣ, inducible interferon protein (IP)-10, G-CSF, and MCP-3 and these cytokines and chemokines excluding MCP-3 are positively related to SARS-CoV-2 viral load 2 [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280551-9hoxy5ok author = Kim, Donghee title = Predictors of Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: US Multi-center Study date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3585 sentences = 189 flesch = 49 summary = We performed survival analysis to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality and COVID-19 related mortality, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with CLD. The liver-specific factors associated with independent risk of higher overall mortality were alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.55), decompensated cirrhosis (HR 2.91 [1.70-5.00]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR 3.31 [1.53-7.16]). Future studies will be needed to analyze specific subgroups within the spectrum of alcohol liver disease (ALD) who are at higher risk for adverse outcomes with COVID-19. We identify decompensated cirrhosis, ALD, and HCC to be determinants of mortality in patients with CLD, and additionally show that Hispanic ethnicity is independently associated with severe COVID-19. In this large study of 867 patients from 21 centers across the US with CLD with COVID-19 we determine that patients with alcohol related liver disease (ALD), decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have a high risk for allcause mortality from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280579-osodvntp author = Ali, Hussain title = Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3428 sentences = 216 flesch = 58 summary = title: Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey Turkish people are facing several problems because of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as the pandemic has brought about drastic changes to their daily routines. Results reveal that increasing unemployment, decrease in air contamination, high stress and depression, a slowdown in the economic growth, and the tourism industry are profoundly affected due to the COVID-19 in Turkey. The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between COVID-19 and people's daily routines and the air environment in Turkey. First, current research has the nature of qualitative research approaches to discover the implications of COVID-19 for people's daily routines, overall performance, and the air environment. There are many post effects of COVID-19 in Turkey like unemployment, ameliorated air environment, inefficient online learning, decrease in outing activities, fear, and depression, and restaurants and the tourism sector are severely affected. cache = ./cache/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280695-r3oldfaj author = Stewart, Cameron title = COVID-19 and Australian Prisons: Human Rights, Risks, and Responses date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2818 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = This article examines the current regulatory responses from Australian state and territory governments to COVID-19 and a recent case which tested the human rights of prisoners during a pandemic. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) issued a joint statement urging … political leaders to consider limiting the deprivation of liberty, including pretrial detention, to a measure of last resort, particularly in the case of overcrowding, and to enhance efforts to resort to non-custodial measures. (Anthony 2020, ¶4 under "Why releasing some prisoners is the best option") Anthony (2020) called attention to the disproportionate risk on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, given their over-representation in Australian prisons and raised concerns about overcrowding and the impact of poorer health on susceptibility to COVID-19 transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280630-2g7ygxys author = Koo, Bo Kyung title = Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 530 sentences = 42 flesch = 59 summary = title: Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Korea has devised an effective strategy for massive diagnostic testing combined with isolation [1] [2] [3] . Specimen collection for COVID-19 requires heavy personal protective equipment (PPE) which is exhausting for the examiner and difficult during mass screening. Respiratory specimen is collected from the suspected patient in the Glove-Wall area where the examiner and examinee are completely separated (Fig. 1B) . To secure the safety of the examinees side and prevent cross-contamination from the surrounding environment, the examiner disinfects the fixed gloves between patients using alcohol and quaternary ammonium wipes approved for coronavirus (Fig. 1C) [4] . Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group. Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study Report on the epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Republic of Korea from cache = ./cache/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280631-9hq9e1o6 author = Xu, Zheng‐Li title = COVID‐19 & Allogeneic Transplant: Activity and Preventive Measures for Best Outcomes in China date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2057 sentences = 115 flesch = 42 summary = The COVID‐19 pandemic poses a great challenge to all aspects of medical activities, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To minimize the risk of infection in transplantation, we focused on preventive measures and strict screening in each section of transplantation, involving healthy donors, recipients, caregivers and medical workers. The rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of medical activity, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This comment describes the possible impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on transplantation activity and introduces interim precautions in our centre during the outbreak period. recently demonstrated the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of donor haematopoietic stem Accepted Article cell products worldwide. In patients with low risk disease, a three-month transplantation deferral is Accepted Article recommended. Efficacy and Safety of Unmanipulated Haploidentical Related Donor Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia cache = ./cache/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280561-2t72q2ba author = Rani, Uma title = Platform Work and the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 163 flesch = 57 summary = The Online Labour Index (OLI), 2 which tracks workers and all the projects and tasks posted on the five largest English-language online web-based labour platforms, shows that since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the demand for such tasks declined globally in March 2020 before picking up by the end of April 2020 (see Fig. 1 ). In India, in contrast, both online work demand and labour supply increased in April 2020, after a slight decline during mid-March (see Fig. 3a , b). Other occupations such as creative media and clerical activities picked up in mid-May. It is possible that with the decline in revenues many companies in India are looking at online labour platforms as a substitute for on-site work (Stephany et al. Workers engaged in location-based platforms such as those providing delivery or taxi services are particularly at risk due to the nature of their work as they cannot always ensure social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280899-zoc1hk5g author = Volff, Maxime title = No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 337 sentences = 29 flesch = 60 summary = title: No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients The current international outbreak of COVID-19 respiratory illness due to SARS-CoV-2 virus results in high rates of hospitalisation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission [1] . ICU resources in Europe are limited [2] , and managing ICU-bed flow is therefore vital to ensure high quality of care to all patients. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in its guidelines for predicting the risk of clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients [3] . However, the authors did not provide data to support this modification and we did not identify Predictive performance of the NEWS and mNEWS scores was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROCAUC) curve using the method described by DeLong et al. cache = ./cache/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280917-j2a77fw3 author = Kim, Hyun-Sook title = Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 977 sentences = 64 flesch = 54 summary = title: Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic Adherence to strict personal hygiene rules and proper treatment are important for respiratory virus protection in patients with rheumatic diseases. Selfcare against COVID-19 for Koreans with rheumatic diseases includes conduct during infectious disease outbreaks, washing hands, precautions against airborne particles or droplets, universal facial mask use, avoiding people with a fever or symptoms and public places, being physically active inside, sun exposure, a regular diet, mental health, no smoking, treatment adherence, and caution regarding health supplement advertising. Patients with rheumatic diseases use a variety of immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory drugs administered under the supervision of a rheumatologist. Therefore, the KCR does not recommend taking health supplements for COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases. We do not know how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the long term. cache = ./cache/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280642-cvxni7cd author = The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, title = OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7286 sentences = 343 flesch = 50 summary = title: OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation; further research into the drivers of this association is therefore urgently required. People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation; further research into the drivers of this association is therefore urgently required. 12, 13 We therefore set out to determine factors associated with risk of death from COVID-19 in England using a very large sample of the adult population, with deaths data linked to longitudinal primary care electronic health records. cache = ./cache/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280922-w6a5ec06 author = Sen, Sanjana title = Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4134 sentences = 289 flesch = 55 summary = Here, ELISA and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide-range of disease states. Here, ELISA and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide-range of disease states. Furthermore, a recent review on antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 stated, "At present, there are no known clinical findings, immunological assays or biomarkers that can differentiate any severe infection from immune-enhanced disease, whether by measuring antibodies, T cells or intrinsic host responses (7) ." This conclusion inspired our study. The results demonstrate that Abs to a specific epitope from N protein plus disease risk factors strongly correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. The DRFS of patients with αEp9 Abs strongly correlates with COVID-19 disease severity (Pearson's r = 0.72, p-value <0.0001, and R 2 = 0.52) (Fig. 4A) . cache = ./cache/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280667-wpju6pwi author = Feng, Yi title = When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4532 sentences = 232 flesch = 46 summary = This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic while people self-isolated at home in China. As noted above, we expect that people with high altruism may have had more negative mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the self-isolation period, which could verify the mediating role of positive or negative affect. Correlations between mental health and other variables Table 2 shows the results of the Spearman correlations between perceived risk, altruism, positive affect, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Figure 2 shows the final SEM model, which fit the data well In summary, the moderating effect of altruism was completely mediated by negative affect, suggesting that when people perceive a high risk of COVID-19, those with high altruism may show worse mental health outcomes than those with low altruism because they may experience greater negative affect. cache = ./cache/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280935-ur9x4fsa author = Bajwa, Hamza title = The Dilemma of Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2169 sentences = 121 flesch = 49 summary = In this review, we have included articles stating the prevalence and specific mortality rates of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney insufficiency. Our study included 1098 COVID-19 positive patients, of whom 66 (6%) developed acute kidney insufficiency and 62 patients died, showing a mortality rate of 94%. Our review focuses on the prevalence of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients and mortality rates in this subset of patients. Initial reports from Wuhan suggested that the prevalence of acute kidney injuries (AKI) in COVID-19 patients was quite low, ranging from 3-9%; however, the subsequent analyses showed a relatively high AKI burden of 15% [8] . Our focus in this review is to analyze the published data on kidney injuries in COVID-19 and mortality rates in these patients. Our review comprehensively described the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280821-kc0ut4oy author = Venturini, Elisabetta title = Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5481 sentences = 315 flesch = 45 summary = The Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases steering and scientific committee developed a position paper on treatment of children with COVID-19, reviewing the current literature on this topic and providing indications based on the available literature data. Currently, American guidelines on COVID-19 treatment published in May 2020, recommend both in children and adults to use lopinavir/ritonavir only in the context of clinical trials, given the lack of effectiveness reported now in literature [9, 12] . The latest Chinese guidelines on SARS-Cov-2 pneumoniae do not recommend the use of a specific antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, and nevertheless include lopinavir/ritonavir among the available therapeutic options for hospitalized patients [29] . In May 2020, following an assessment of the emergency use authorization criteria and available scientific evidence, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization allowing for the administration of remdesivir intravenously by health care providers for the treatment of COVID-19 suspected or laboratoryconfirmed in adults and pediatric patients hospitalized with severe disease [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280914-6k8gpp4y author = Alpaslan Kocamemi, B. title = First Data-Set on SARS-CoV-2 Detection for Istanbul Wastewaters in Turkey date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2156 sentences = 147 flesch = 62 summary = SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than those of inlet of WWTPs. The observed copy numbers were presented against the number of Covid-19 cases coming to the WWTP per treatment plant capacity. SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than those of inlet of WWTPs. The observed copy numbers were presented against the number of Covid-19 cases coming to the WWTP per treatment plant capacity. SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, sewage, wastewater, RT-qPCR, virus concentration, PEG SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than inlet of WWTPs. Terkos wastewater sample has the highest Case number (person)/WWTP flow (m3/d), but SARS-CoV-2 virus was not detected. So far, ultracentrifugation [6] , Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) adsorption [5] , electronegative membrane [3] and ultrafiltration [3, 4, 8] methods were used for SARS-CoV-2 concentration from wastewater samples. Time course quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Parisian wastewaters correlates with COVID-19 confirmed cases cache = ./cache/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280819-z6ucnwk0 author = Achilonu, Ikechukwu title = Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5411 sentences = 301 flesch = 52 summary = title: Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is an attractive target towards discovery of drugs to treat COVID-19 because of its key role in virus replication. Using 6Y2G and the prior knowledge that protease inhibitors could eradicate COVID-19, we designed a computational study aimed at identifying FDA-approved drugs that could interact with M(pro). We used HTVS, induced-fit ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies to identify additional classes of plausible FDA-approved drugs as possible drug candidate to treat COVID-19. In conclusion, we have used a computational approach which includes HTVS, IFD, MM/GBSA free binding energy calculations and MD simulation to study potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach Ikechukwu Achilonu 1 * cache = ./cache/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280975-9hgtvm6d author = Sarkar, Kankan title = Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3771 sentences = 183 flesch = 47 summary = A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the robustness of model predictions to parameter values and the sensitive parameters are estimated from the real data on the COVID-19 pandemic in India. [27] extended the SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed) compartment model to study the dynamics of COVID-19 incorporating public perception of risk and the number of cumulative cases. Here, we developed 70 a new epidemiological mathematical model for novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India that extends the standard SEIR compartment model, alike to that studied by Tang et al. We develop here a classical SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered)-type epidemiological model 75 by introducing contact tracing and other interventions such as quarantine, lockdown, social distancing and isolation that can represent the overall dynamics of novel coronavirus or COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). The square of sum of 185 the error computed as Σ n i=1 (C(i) − S(i)) 2 , where C(i) represents the observed daily new COVID-19 cases on i-th day, S(i) is the SARII q S q model simulation on i-th day and n is the sample size of the observed data. cache = ./cache/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author = Peng, Fujun title = Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2618 sentences = 188 flesch = 48 summary = Since mid-December 2019, there has been a worldwide outbreak of COronaVIrus Disease 90 (COVID)-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV or and first detected in 91 Wuhan, China. 52 However, 421 a single-center in Wuhan shared that early, low-dose and short-term (1-2mg/kg/d for 5-7 days) 422 corticosteroids was associated with a faster improvement of clinical symptoms and absorption of 423 focal lung lesions in severe cases of COVID-19. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280978-rtl5ut70 author = Lal, Rattan title = Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2737 sentences = 129 flesch = 45 summary = Home gardening can play an important role in advancing food and nutritional security during and after the COVD-19 pandemic, while also strengthening the provisioning of numerous ecosystem services (i.e., plant biodiversity, microclimate, water runoff, water quality, human health). The specific objective of this article is to describe: 1) properties of urban soils and their suitability for growing food, 2) home gardens and urban agriculture for food and nutritional security, 3) ecosystem services provisioned by HGUA, 4) soil management options to reduce risks of contamination of urban soils by heavy metals and other pollutants, and 5) the nexus thinking of waste and water management based on the concept of recycling nutrients and water for producing food, and advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (U.N. 2015) through HGUA. Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280932-xhz5d4ty author = Acanfora, Domenico title = Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 823 sentences = 44 flesch = 40 summary = 6 Moreover, post-hoc analysis from the Comparison of Sacubitril-Valsartan versus Enalapril on Effect on NT-proBNP in Patients Stabilized from an Acute Heart Failure Episode (PIONEER-HF) trial revealed a 42% relative risk reduction in the composite endpoint of death from any cause, re-hospitalization for heart failure, left ventricular assist device implantation, or listing for cardiac transplant, a 42% relative risk reduction in the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or re-hospitalization for heart failure, and a 39% relative risk reduction in re-hospitalization for heart failure after 8 weeks of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan administered early in patients stabilized during hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure. Response to: Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan) Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan): rationale for adoption in SARS-CoV-2 patients Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 Clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure randomly assigned to sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril in the PIONEER-HF Trial cache = ./cache/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280996-anq680a1 author = Agarwal, Arnav title = High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7117 sentences = 383 flesch = 42 summary = title: High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission Review 1: we synthesized results from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFNC to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula may reduce the need for invasive ventilation and escalation of therapy compared with COT in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula may reduce the need for invasive ventilation and escalation of therapy compared with COT in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We conducted two rapid systematic reviews commissioned by the WHO to summarize the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and risk of aerosol generation and infection transmission during HFNC use among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280981-p0l5bpqi author = Keenan, Jesse M. title = COVID, resilience, and the built environment date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3924 sentences = 176 flesch = 34 summary = Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. In the past decade, multi-hazard disaster and engineering resilience planning has had significant impacts in shaping the design and management of the built environment in everything from supporting the business continuity of private enterprise (Keenan 2015) to the sustainable provision of critical public services (Humphries 2019) . cache = ./cache/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280747-k0x6rjdi author = Hashim, Muhammad Jawad title = Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in 93 Countries date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2619 sentences = 148 flesch = 47 summary = Data on COVID-19 CMR in 93 countries was analyzed for associations with preexisting prevalence rates of eight diseases [asthma, lung cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), hypertension, ischemic heart disease, depression and diabetes], and six socio-demographic factors [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, unemployment, age over 65 years, urbanization, population density, and socio-demographic index]. Bivariate analysis revealed that COVID-19 CMR were higher in countries that had high prevalence of population risk factors such as AD, lung cancer, asthma and COPD. From amongst the clinical risk factors, positive correlations with CMR included Alzheimer's disease (r = 0.36), lung cancer (r = 0.39), and weakly with asthma (r = 0.28) and COPD (r = 0.27). With COVID-19 CMR per 100,000 population as the primary outcome (dependent) variable, multivariate modeling showed that certain risk factors were independent predictors (R 2 = 0.35, log likelihood ratio tests, p < 0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280722-glcifqyp author = Rios, V. title = Is there a link between temperatures and COVID-19 contagions? Evidence from Italy date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17627 sentences = 904 flesch = 51 summary = From an empirical perspective, the strand of literature analyzing its determinants has highlighted the relevance of different factors in shaping regional reactions to COVID-19 epidemic, such as air pollution (AQR, 2020a; Pansini and Fonaca, 2020; Setti et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020) , social mobility and connectedness (Arenas et al., 2020; Pluchino et al., 2020; Kuchler et al., 2020) , population density (Fang and Wahba, 2020; AQR, 2020b) , the level of policy stringency and the timings of the lockdowns Orea and Alvarez, 2020; Casares and Khan, 2020) , or the effects of proactive testing (Wang et al., 2020b; Romer, 2020) among others. (2020) investigate the link between climate factors within a sample of 50 cities of different countries all over the world by means of linear regression techniques finding that temperatures 2 meters above the surface, exert a negative and statistically significant effect on the total number of contagions whereas humidity increases them. cache = ./cache/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280780-owudyf7j author = Kemp, Oliver J title = Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1491 sentences = 102 flesch = 50 summary = title: Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study OBJECTIVES: We describe the inter-rater agreement between Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and reporting radiologists in the interpretation of chest X-rays (CXRs) in patients presenting to ED with suspected COVID-19. We compared ED clinicians' and radiologists' interpretation of the CXRs according to British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines, using the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC area). ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation. This study describes the accuracy of ED clinicians' CXR interpretation in cases of suspected COVID-19 infection, when compared to radiologist opinion. Data obtained for this research included the treating ED clinician's interpretation of the patient's CXR as well as the formal radiology report, both according to the BSTI COVID-19 guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281060-1ud5hzlh author = Méndez Maestro, Irune title = Skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 disease: a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary hospital date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1588 sentences = 104 flesch = 49 summary = BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations have been recently described and classified in five different clinical patterns, including acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis. We decided to perform this study to describe the real prevalence and directly examine the skin findings in hospitalized patients in our institution with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 disease. We performed a cross-sectional study, which included COVID19 Based on recent reports 4-16 and on the Spanish group classification in clinical patterns, 17 we included acral erythemaedema (pseudo-chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis areas. All skin findings can be included in the recently described clinical patterns of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease. In our study, we did not correlate the severity of the COVID-19 disease with the different skin patterns because all of the patients we included had very similar clinical characteristics of COVID-19 (moderate-severe infection that required hospitalization). cache = ./cache/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281064-b69p44uq author = Ozder, Aclan title = A Novel Indicator Predicts 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Subjects with Diabetes date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3499 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = Analysis of 11 studies regarding laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 did not mention raised blood glucose or diabetes as predictor of severe disease [12] . Previous results of complete blood count of the enrolled same non-diabetic individuals with Covid infection which were studied during their last visit to any out-patient clinic at the hospital before onset of Covid infection were yielded from the archive records via patient information management system of the hospital. The MPV values of age-and sex-matched 160 laboratory confirmed Covid patients without diabetes admitted to the Covid out-patient clinic were detected as 10.49 ± 0.96 and 10.66 ± 0.94 before and after Covid infection in these individuals, respectively (p=0.37). We thought that the statistically significant difference in MPV between diabetic patients before onset of Covid infection and healthy individuals was caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280960-88hzovg2 author = Galani, I. E. title = Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4630 sentences = 284 flesch = 55 summary = By investigating temporal IFN and inflammatory cytokine patterns in 32 COVID-19 patients hospitalized for pneumonia and longitudinally followed for the development of respiratory failure and death, we reveal that IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN production is both diminished and delayed, induced only in a fraction of patients as they become critically ill. By comparison, in 16 flu patients hospitalized for pneumonia with similar clinicopathological characteristics to COVID-19 and 24 milder non-hospitalized flu patients IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN are robustly induced, earlier, at higher levels and independently of disease severity, while pro-inflammatory cytokines are only acutely and transiently produced. 81 Here, we have performed a comprehensive temporal analysis of type I and type III IFN, and major 82 inflammatory cytokine patterns in 32 COVID-19 and 16 influenza A virus infected (flu) patients 83 hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia and longitudinally followed up according to current 84 WHO guidelines 18 . cache = ./cache/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280848-z0sbztkw author = Setzen, Michael title = COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2882 sentences = 133 flesch = 47 summary = These include protocols pertinent to safety, in-office Rhinologic procedures, the substitution of imaging for endoscopy, and understanding the appropriate role of telemedicine. There has been controversy and significant concern regarding endoscopic evaluation of patients in the office, especially nasal endoscopy and flexible laryngoscopy, since performing these procedures puts one in direct contact with the virus as it resides primarily in nose and nasopharynx. To decrease nasal endoscopy procedures and minimize risk, organizations such as the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) should consider guidelines examining when it is appropriate to go straight to CT in select cases of possible COVID-19 now and in the future. In-Office CT sinus will continue to play an important role as a point of service procedure in lieu of nasal endoscopy in patients with COVID-19 or suspected thereof. This makes nasal endoscopy and other in-office rhinologic procedures a concern for the Otolaryngologist with increased risk for infection. cache = ./cache/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281003-7pdhxdzc author = Farmakis, Dimitrios title = COVID‐19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2829 sentences = 159 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion‐dependent or non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions across the world, having caused hundreds of thousands deaths. However, disease-related complications may affect multiple organs including the heart, liver, endocrine glands, lungs and the immune system, thus rendering this patient population at an increased risk to develop serious complications during COVID-19. 2, 3, 11 This is especially so in patients who receive suboptimal management and lack access to modern therapy and Thalassaemia patients do not have the same risk of pulmonary infections with sickle cell disease patients but, they may have multiple organ complications, often due to iron overload, including cardiac and hepatic, diabetes mellitus and endocrine disease. cache = ./cache/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281038-h5iew8oo author = Rodríguez-Pardo, Jorge title = Atención al ictus agudo durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones Plan Ictus Madrid date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2768 sentences = 270 flesch = 48 summary = Resultados: Las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco líneas fundamentales: (1) Coordinar la actuación para garantizar el acceso a la asistencia hospitalaria de los pacientes con ictus, (2) Reconocer a los pacientes con ictus potencialmente infectados por COVID-19, (3) Organización adecuada para garantizar la protección de los profesionales sanitarios frente al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, (4) la realización de Neuroimagen y otros procedimientos que conlleven contactos de riesgo de infección COVID-19 hay que procurar reducirlos y asegurar la protección, y (5) alta y seguimiento seguros procurando optimizar la ocupación hospitalaria. Las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco líneas fundamentales: (1) Coordinar la actuación para garantizar el acceso a la asistencia hospitalaria de los pacientes con ictus, (2) Reconocer a los pacientes con ictus potencialmente infectados por COVID-19, (3) Organización adecuada para garantizar la protección de los profesionales sanitarios frente al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, (4) la realización de Neuroimagen y otros procedimientos que conlleven contactos de riesgo de infección COVID-19 hay que procurar reducirlos y asegurar la protección, y (5) alta y seguimiento seguros procurando optimizar la ocupación hospitalaria. cache = ./cache/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281087-br4ssimq author = Aslan, Nagehan title = A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 497 sentences = 43 flesch = 43 summary = title: A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis A healthy 12-y-old female patient had been admitted with abdominal pain, vomiting and fever and hospitalized with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis. COVID-19associated MIS-C was considered in the patient. Because the patient's fever was above 38°C and was resistant to antipyretics, there was no decrease in infectious parameters, his lymphopenia did not improve; albumin level did not increase despite albumin replacement, and respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms continued. Although it is not clear whether pancreatitis in our case was related to drugs or developed as a part of the gastrointestinal presentation of COVID-19. Our case is important in terms of drawing attention that COVID-19 may present with a picture that mimics acute appendicitis in children. COVID abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting as 'acute abdomen' in a child cache = ./cache/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281040-jvcgtynq author = Taquet, M. title = Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: a study of 62,354 COVID-19 cases date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5501 sentences = 311 flesch = 54 summary = Findings: In patients with no prior psychiatric history, COVID-19 was associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric diagnoses in the three months after infection compared to 6 other health events (hazard ratio [95% CI] 2.1 [1.8-2.5] compared to influenza; 1.7 [1.5-1.9] compared to other respiratory tract infections; 1.6 [1.4-1.9] compared to skin infection; 1.6 [1.3.1-9] compared to cholelithiasis; 2.2 [1.9-2.6] compared to urolithiasis, and 2.1 [1.9-2.5] compared to fracture of a large bone; all p<0.0001). Besides using six different control cohorts, the robustness of the findings was tested by repeating the analysis (i) after excluding individuals whose race was unknown (in case this differentially affected cohorts), (ii) by restricting the diagnosis of COVID-19 to confirmed diagnoses (ICD-10 code U07.1), and (iii) by focusing on patients who made at least one healthcare visit between 14 and 90 days after the health event (in case of differential drop-out rates between cohorts). cache = ./cache/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281035-tv9t0zlr author = Khose, Swapnil title = Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1665 sentences = 88 flesch = 63 summary = Although the urban areas of Texas account for the majority of COVID-19 cases, the higher case-fatality rates and low health care capacity in rural areas need attention. However, among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest incidence rates were in following four counties: We compared the distribution of county-level demographics and community resources by quintiles of COVID-19 IRs (Table 1) , including counties with no cases, in order to understand similarities or dissimilarities between counties yet to experience spread of the disease. Among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest CFR were in: (1) We also compared the distribution of county-level demographics and community resources by quintiles of COVID-19 CFRs (Table 2) , including counties with no deaths, to understand mortality trends of the disease. To date, this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the state of Texas, with geographic trends and explaining possible county-level differences that are correlated with higher incidence and case fatality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281068-bigb9890 author = Alumran, Arwa title = Role of Precautionary Measures in Containing the Natural Course of Novel Coronavirus Disease date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2528 sentences = 139 flesch = 52 summary = CONCLUSION: Precautionary measures adopted by the Saudi Arabian health authorities were evidently effective in controlling the spread and further burden of COVID-19. Since then, several precautionary measures have been implemented by the Saudi Arabian health authorities to prevent the anticipated spread of the disease based on international forecasts about the spread of COVID-19 in different countries globally. Once the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, the health authorities implemented strict precautionary measures to combat the outbreak. This study is an attempt by the author to assess the impact of precautionary measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, thus reducing the mortality rates in Saudi Arabia. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to assess the impact of precautionary measures in Saudi Arabia on combating a pandemic. 13 Country lockdown is one of the extreme measures adopted by the Saudi Arabian health DovePress authorities to control the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281148-bbnbnwte author = Emara, Khaled title = What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic() date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 408 sentences = 26 flesch = 59 summary = In this article, we provide a brief review for Orthopedic surgeons as regard COVID-19 virus microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus 21 disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the 22 increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus 21 disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the 22 increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. Alpha Patients are infectious in asymptomatic period before the appearance of symptoms, 54 thorough the disease, and on clinical recovery [9] . Incubation period between contacting the virus to the appearance of symptoms varies 56 widely between two days and 28 days with mean at five days [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281086-fmftr5jn author = Morand, A. title = Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1177 sentences = 70 flesch = 53 summary = Abstract We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 We herein present the case of a 55-month-old girl who was infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation. The patient was discharged 20 days after the procedure on tacrolimus immunosuppression therapy and with no immunization against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before the transplantation. Therefore, the clinical case of our young immunocompromised patient recovering from EBV infection at the same time as COVID-19 is particularly interesting. cache = ./cache/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281159-elwmqqqq author = Lv, M. title = Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4782 sentences = 334 flesch = 58 summary = title: Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis . Eight researchers (N Yang, X Luo, W Li, X Chen, Y Liu, M Ren, X Zhang and L Wang) were divided into four groups to extract the data and collect the following information for each study: basic information (title, first author, country or region of participants, date of publication/posting, journal, and study type), patient information (sample size, female/male ratio, adult/children ratio, age range, mean age), outcome information (primary outcome: sensitivity of chest CT imaging using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results as reference; other outcomes, including probability of bilateral or unilateral pneumonia, ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation, number of lobes affected, location of lobe involvement, rounded morphology, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, interlobular septum thickening, pleural thickening, halo sign, reverse halo sign, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy). cache = ./cache/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281175-og3myz22 author = Tapper, Elliot B. title = The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2675 sentences = 156 flesch = 43 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shattered the meticulously developed processes by which we delivered quality care for patients with cirrhosis. We describe how this impact unfolds over 3 waves; i) an intense period with prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, ii) a challenging 'return to normal' following the end of physical distancing, with increased emergent decompensations, morbidity, and systems of care overwhelmed by the backlog of deferred care, and iii) a protracted period of suboptimal outcomes characterized by missed diagnoses, progressive disease and loss to follow-up. This includes an intensification of the preventative care provided to patients with compensated cirrhosis, proactive chronic disease management, robust telehealth programs, and a reorganization of care delivery to provide a full service of care with flexible clinical staffing. Coordination of care associated with survival and healthcare utilization in a population-based study of patients with cirrhosis cache = ./cache/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281039-a7q5nzwn author = Rodilla, Enrique title = Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4806 sentences = 246 flesch = 45 summary = Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). First, a previous diagnosis of HT increased the risk of all-cause death in COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization on the order of approximately 20% and independently of age and other cardiovascular comorbidities, such as HF and atrial fibrillation. Second, previous treatment with ACEIs/ARBs in hypertensive patients was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in hypertensive hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to other antihypertensive drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281185-myfuzsh7 author = Yan, Bin title = China’s experience on mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 898 sentences = 52 flesch = 45 summary = Encourage patients to self-study and help each other, obtain scientific outbreak information and mental health knowledge, carry out self-psychological evaluation and adjustment, and seek online professional help. Participate in medical care shifts and ward rounds to identify patients who need psychological assistance and help them adopt psychological assessment, and develop specific plans based on the patient's mental status. Second, identify patients with psychosocial problems, provide crisis intervention and psychiatric medication. For discharged patients who need continuous J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f psychological assistance or psychiatric drug intervention, the information handled by the psychiatric department should be recorded in medical documents and referred to the corresponding isolation places, so as to continue to provide psychological assistance and social work services, to avoid extreme events. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281102-ohbm78it author = Gutzeit, Andreas title = What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1422 sentences = 89 flesch = 52 summary = communication is to determine what we can learn from the Chinese experience and how hospitals and radiology departments all around the world can prepare for a widespread outbreak of this disease. The training content was standard prevention, personal protection, correct use of protective equipment, procedures to optimize putting on and removing protective equipment, hand hygiene, isolation measures, medical waste management, and air and environmental surface cleaning and disinfection. The director of the clinical and medical technology department in Wuhan was the most important person during the coronavirus crisis. The Hospital Infection Management established an inspection system to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the implementation of the clinical department's control measures and the correct wearing of protective equipment. In Wuhan, desktop, computer, and intercom systems in the radiology departments were regularly cleaned after use with 250-500 mg/L chlorinated disinfectant or 75% (v/v) medical ethanol. cache = ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281090-v3icun6z author = Kozlowski, Hannah N. title = COVID‐19: A Pandemic Experience that Illuminates Potential Reforms to Health Research date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 130 flesch = 43 summary = All rights reserved To meet the COVID-19 challenge, the global scientific community focused human and material resources to develop new drugs, therapies, vaccines, diagnostics and so on. We highlight the critical importance of cooperation and compassion in maintaining productivity during the pandemic and identify opportunities for shaping a new era of research with increased patient engagement, fewer silos and a shared goal of improving health and decreasing disease burden. The development of ready-for-use clinical products during the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered cooperativity, engagement and investment in a common goal (Figure 1 ), enabled by a shared view of the problem and a genuine desire to contribute to its solution. The scale and speed of these agreements was only possible because academic researchers and private industry worked together with a shared understanding of the problem and jointly identified their collective goals, expertise, available resources and clinical networks. cache = ./cache/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author = Izzetti, Rossana title = A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3491 sentences = 195 flesch = 48 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. Standard procedures appear insufficient in protecting from SARS-CoV-2, and thus specific measures to prevent virus transmission should be adopted to safeguard the health of both patients and oral care providers (Izzetti et al. -Post-dental treatment management of the dental office (Phase IV) A focus on highly epidemic areas, registering the higher number of cases, was also performed in order to evaluate the potential presence of differences between the regions in Northern Italy and the rest of the country. The set-up of the waiting room (non-clinical area) was adapted to the new situation by almost the totality of the sample, by providing a hydro-alcoholic solution for hand disinfection, removing objects at risk of contamination, and reorganizing the schedule in order to guarantee social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281193-sb7kgu24 author = Yang, Hai-Jun title = Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 226 sentences = 20 flesch = 69 summary = key: cord-281193-sb7kgu24 title: Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study cord_uid: sb7kgu24 H. et al.'s paper published in the European Respiratory Journal. with COVID-19 pneumonia were associated with increased risk of death from this disease [1] . They further identified that CD3+CD8+ T-cells ⩽75 cells·μL −1 and cardiac troponin I especially ⩾0.05 ng·mL −1 could be used as predictors for mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia using matched case-control study [1] . With great interest, we have read the full text of the paper and found that there are several issues which are worth to clarifying. We hope our comments will be helpful to improve the expression and increase the quality of the paper published by Du R et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281283-h6yai7sx author = Ma, Jun title = Emergency response strategy for containing COVID-19 within a psychiatric specialty hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2194 sentences = 108 flesch = 40 summary = Because SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious, and the general population is susceptible, it is difficult to effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19 based on the current instruments, medical staff, and management modes of mental health institutions. On February 13, the Wuhan epidemic prevention and control command instructed that an isolation ward should be established to treat patients with mental illnesses with confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 infection. During the outbreak, all impairmentspecific settings were replanned to allow for the most effective prevention and control of COVID-19, and the functions of the psychiatric wards were reallocated according to the following plan 9 : (1) a ward for confirmed COVID-19 patients: this ward is used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, and the patients are classified and managed according to disease severity; secondary protections should be implemented. cache = ./cache/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281248-z2gisufl author = Buonsenso, Danilo title = A Pediatric Strategy for the Next Phase of the SARS–CoV-2 Pandemic date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2972 sentences = 124 flesch = 42 summary = Considering that most of these conditions present several overlaps with SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 1 ), this will pose challenges to pediatricians and health system to appropriately manage all these conditions and properly allocate resources, because COVID-19 will need to be considered until exclusion, in order to reduce nosocomial transmission and new outbreaks. In light of new evidences and the need to reduce as much as possible the diffusion of infectious diseases among children during the next season (because this would lead to include all cases in the differential diagnosis with COVID-19 because of similar symptoms), a reorganization of school environments should be a priority for policy makers. Therefore, even though the direct clinical impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus on children has been limited with a very low mortality rate, and the COVID-19-related pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome remains a relatively rare consequence of the disease, pediatricians will still need to include SARS-CoV-2 in the differential diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281276-rffp6qe2 author = Rhazi, Karima El title = Ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription for Covid-19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3414 sentences = 186 flesch = 50 summary = The paper conclude that, since health authorities in some countries recommended this off-label use treatment, physicians are challenged by the requirement of veracity while providing care to their patients and the implications of such a requirement; they are facing the challenge of balancing this guideline and their own conviction. To date and after the fifth months into the novel coronavirus pandemic, no drugs have demonstrated safety and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for patients with COVID-19. This decision has raised many questions and some ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription might emerge during the Covid-19 patients' management. Reluctancy regarding the use of this drug for the treatment of patients with Covid-19 is justified by the absence of a high level of scientific evidence namely randomized controlled clinical trials proving the superiority of this drug for this indication, as we discussed above. cache = ./cache/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281106-vzb5xzza author = Zerwes, S. title = COVID-19-Infektion – Risiko für thrombembolische Komplikationen date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1929 sentences = 204 flesch = 38 summary = According to current data, the risk of thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is significantly increased, making thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin necessary. Neben den bekannten Ursachen der Thromboseentstehung, wurden bei der COVID-Erkrankung spezielle Pathomechanismen beobachtet, die zur Bildung von Thrombosen sowohl im venösen als auch im arteriellen System beitragen können. Auch wenn die Mechanismen noch nicht in Ihrer Gesamtheit erfasst sind, so ist bereits jetzt ersichtlich, dass die thrombembolischen Komplikationen im Zusammenhang mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus auf eine exzessive Inflammationsreaktion, Veränderung von Blutflusseigenschaften, direkte virusbedingte Thrombozytenaktivierung und Endothelschädigung zurückzuführen sind [3] . Diese Hypothese wird von nahezu allen bisher publizierten Arbeiten zu thrombembolischen Ereignissen bei COVID-19-Patienten postuliert und könnte eine Erklärung für die deutlich erhöhte Anzahl von TVT bieten [1, 7, 17, 28, 39] . Eine einheitliche Nomenklatur besteht noch nicht, die Pu-blikationmitdergrößtenSerie benennt es als "Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2" (PIMS-TS) [36] . cache = ./cache/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281121-pleula62 author = Ameer, Nasir title = Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2388 sentences = 141 flesch = 55 summary = At least four cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome have been reported in the literature with concurrent COVID-19 illness in whom respiratory signs appeared a few days after the onset of neurological signs. During the current pandemic, presence of concurrent COVID-19 infection needs to be considered in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome. 7 There have been at least 12 cases reported in the literature as of 2 May 2020 linking Guillain-Barré syndrome with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). 18 Our patient developed signs of Guillain-Barré syndrome before COVID-19 respiratory symptoms started on day 4 of weakness. ► If neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection could appear before respiratory symptoms, it would be of utmost importance to use effective personal protective equipment, in particular for aerosol-generating procedures such as spirometry, in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. cache = ./cache/cord-281121-pleula62.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281121-pleula62.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281209-gm3aaofn author = Seiler, Pascal title = Weighting bias and inflation in the time of COVID-19: evidence from Swiss transaction data date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4462 sentences = 256 flesch = 57 summary = Using public data from debit card transactions, I quantify these changes in consumer spending, update CPI basket weights and construct an alternative price index to measure the effect of the COVID-induced weighting bias on the Swiss consumer price index. The CPI is compiled on the basis of expenditure weights that are kept constant within a given year, reflecting the purpose of the index to measure changes in prices only without accounting for adjustments in consumption patterns. For this purpose, I use high-frequency estimates of spending based on transactional data to update CPI basket weights and compute an alternative price index based on such "COVID weights. In Section 2, I describe how I measure changes in consumer spending, update CPI weights, and construct the alternative COVID price index. cache = ./cache/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281448-e1zgqqqu author = Billah, M. A. title = Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3103 sentences = 220 flesch = 50 summary = title: Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence This study aims to provide the average reproductive number of COVID-19 based on available global level evidence. Methods We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct) to find studies reported the reproductive number of COVID-19. Narrative synthesis was used to explain the studies included and the meta-analysis was used to estimate the average reproduction number of COVID-19. Of the 30 studies included in this review reported different reproductive numbers ( high-heterogeneity (99.5%) ( Figure 3 ). Moreover, we have considered the heterogeneity of the reproductive numbers estimated worldwide and explored the sources of heterogeneity across selected studies' characteristics. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111021 doi: medRxiv preprint may overestimate or under-estimate the actual reproductive number of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281194-yafwcway author = Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title = Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of response strategies so far? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1126 sentences = 75 flesch = 53 summary = 2, 3 The global condition is evolving dynamically, and on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that COVID-19 is a "public-health emergency of international concern." During the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) reported the first cases of coronavirus on February 19, 2020 in Qom. 4 As of March 6, 2020, according to MOHME, 27,017 cases of COVID-19 have been identified in the country, 2,077 of whom have died and 9,625 of whom have recovered so far. For this reason, the first action after the media provided public education on COVID-19 disease was to establish a Corona National Antivirus Headquarters chaired by the President of Iran and headed by the MOHME. The Social-Law Enforcement Committee of the Coronavirus Battle National Headquarters at the Iranian Interior Ministry began implementing the social distancing plan in March; it will continue through April 2020, and it will be extended by the Committee if necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281268-8yoxgmeb author = López-Bueno, Rubén title = Association Between Current Physical Activity and Current Perceived Anxiety and Mood in the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Confinement date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4593 sentences = 194 flesch = 45 summary = The results of the present study indicate that current PA adherence to WHO guidelines in the initial phase of COVID-19 confinement associates with both lower current perceived anxiety and lower current perceived worse mood among a sample of Spanish adults. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. The present study in a wide sample of the Spanish adult population found that to achieve a minimum of 150 weekly minutes of PA was significantly associated with lower odds for experiencing higher current perceived anxiety while the COVID-19 confinement. cache = ./cache/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281376-1xdj06m7 author = Cirilo, E. R. title = One Study of COVID-19 Spreading at The United States - Brazil - Colombia date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2347 sentences = 209 flesch = 64 summary = Thus, we used a database on WHO Coronavirus, Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations to describe the most recent COVID-19 development patterns in these countries, which we saw. In this context, it was decided to adjust the parameters of the SIRD model over time, based on data made available by WHO, using non-linear least squares methods [13] [14] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint cretization of the ordinary dierential equation system was performed using the Finite Dierence Method. The resulting linear system of non-linear equations was solved iteratively by the Gauss-Seidel method until the convergence criterion was overcome. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint • the governing equations system (2.4) is solved by a convergent methodology to any time; . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint Finally, we emphasize that the COVID-19's dynamic of the Brazil and Colombia are the same, but as delay. cache = ./cache/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 author = Chen, Yifei title = Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4388 sentences = 220 flesch = 58 summary = BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among COVID-19 cases, here, we poured over the first batch of 38 death cases whose information were made public by Health Commission of Hubei province as of 24 January 2020, one day into city lockdown in Wuhan, with the purpose to add a new facet to current evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281281-knelqmzx author = Villas-Boas, Gustavo R. title = The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15780 sentences = 708 flesch = 42 summary = The use of bioinformatics and other computational tools in addition to molecular modeling has helped researchers from different areas in the search for strategies for diagnosing viral infection, in the development of vaccines for its prevention, as well as in the discovery of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. In the context of COVID-19, this characteristic was important for a better understanding of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from the comparative analysis of genomic data of the new virus with others from the same family, suggesting its origin from natural selection, with modifications in its spike protein, more specifically in the host receptor binding domain, which may have enhanced its interaction and recognition by the human cell [83, 91] . The contributions of bioinformatics and molecular modeling in elucidating essential targets for the planning and development of new drugs, and the analysis of already known compounds, support the search for safer and more effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281361-tye5pev7 author = Trapani, G. title = Children with COVID-19 like symptoms in Italian Pediatric Surgeries: the dark side of the coin date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3546 sentences = 211 flesch = 58 summary = The concurrent presence of fatigue, cough, and diarrhea in children, in absence of sore throat/earache and abnormal skin signs, represents the maximum risk level of having a suspected/confirmed case of COVID-19 at home. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint Children living in a family with confirmed COVID-19 cases had a higher prevalence of diarrhea and fatigue, and a lower prevalence of sore throat/earache and abnormal skin signs than children with no family cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 In multivariable analysis, the risk to have suspected/confirmed cases at home was five-fold higher in high than low/medium risk areas, increased with increasing age, and was not affected by gender. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint no fatigue, cough, or diarrhea, was less likely to have a suspected/confirmed case at home, and hence to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281400-ho2m7nqn author = Nguyen, Van Thu title = Research response to COVID-19 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2313 sentences = 128 flesch = 48 summary = We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. Up to August J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f In certain countries, the sample size is relatively small for trials evaluating COVID-19 treatments ( Timing of research response to the evolution of the pandemic In Europe, Spain registered only 2/93 trials (2%) before the peak (i.e., March 27, 2020. Our interactive living mapping of COVID-19 research was designed to help decision makers use data from clinical registries for an up-to-date picture of all research questions being investigated so as to prioritize research and avoid waste in research (26) . cache = ./cache/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281411-la8njxc1 author = García-Fernández, Amaya title = Utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1264 sentences = 89 flesch = 57 summary = During March and April of 2020, a study was conducted in our hospital to analyze the effect of treatment with HCQ (either alone or in combination with AZ) on the QTc and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who met the high-risk criteria for QTc prolongation (female, age░>░65 years, history of heart disease, chronic renal disease, or diabetes, or taking both medications together). This protocol included a series of precautions to be taken before and during treatment: a) review what other medications the patient is taking that could prolong the QTc; b) correct electrolyte imbalances; c) avoid bradycardia; and d) perform close electrocardiographic monitoring. cache = ./cache/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281285-5g1rw202 author = Simonis, Alexander title = A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9501 sentences = 504 flesch = 46 summary = Based on its MOA, repurposed drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity can be divided into substances that prevent viral entry into host cells (1-2) and inhibit viral proteases (3) and inhibitors of viral replicase (4). The disappointing clinical results might be related to sub-therapeutic levels for inhibition of SARS-COV-2 because application of 400/100 mg of lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily was shown to yield median serum concentrations of 7.2 mg/l (11.5 µM) in patients with HIV (van der Lugt et al, 2009), which is significantly lower than the observed EC 50 in the in vitro studies. In this comparative review, we focus on repurposed drugs with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays as those substances offer great opportunities for a treatment early in the course of COVID-19 by inhibition of viral replication and might be even suitable for preventive strategies as shown for neuraminidase inhibitors in case of influenza (Jefferson et al, 2014) . cache = ./cache/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281500-5mm1nnwv author = Spadera, Lucrezia title = Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3619 sentences = 184 flesch = 51 summary = The questionnaire was composed of five sections: (a) respondents' workplace, age, and sex of the patient; (b) general information about the risk of exposure to COVID-19, asking to specify if the patient is a healthcare professional; (c) clinical information: onset of symptoms, grade of olfactory loss (OL) with three subjective levels (mild, moderate, and severe/complete), presence or absence of: ageusia, hypogeusia and/or dysgeusia gathered together under the name of "taste symptoms"; nasal discharge and/or congestion, other accompanying symptoms (e.g., fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnoea, and myalgia), comorbidities and complications; d) execution and results of nasopharyngeal (NP)/oropharyngeal (OP) swab; e) short description about the clinical case. The mean time of SOL onset before or after the first typical COVID-19 symptom (fever, dry cough, and dyspnoea) was 2.4 days (SD ± 2.7); anosmia/hyposmia occurred as the first symptom in 46.7% of cases, as sole symptom in 16.7% of cases or in association with other clinical manifestations in 31.2% of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281551-0aj2zwx8 author = Schlagenhauf, Patricia title = Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1433 sentences = 80 flesch = 50 summary = A French paper reporting on the use of drug combinations in infected patients highlighted the possibility that hydroxychloroquine is effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients [4] particularly in combination with azithromycin. For instance, teicoplanin was proposed as a potential treatment in COVID-19 patients and has already shown inhibitory effects on cell entry of Ebola virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the past. However, it has to be acknowledged that in this and other cases, it is a long, expensive and time-consuming way, even if there is an accelerated avenue to expedite promising developments, from in vitro assays indicative of antiviral effects to the initiation steps of safety and efficacy assessments in humans, Finding compounds that can block the entry of the virus into the cell could be an important approach to find potential therapies for COVID-19. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281501-ca9oxl7f author = Khan, Shumayila title = Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3208 sentences = 163 flesch = 43 summary = Emerging reports of encephalopathies and similar ailments with the detection of the virus in the CSF has elicited an urgent need for investigating the possibility of neuroinvasiveness of the virus, which cannot be ruled out given the expression of low levels of ACE2 receptors in the brain. One study from Japan which described the first case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis where the patient was admitted for convulsions accompanied by unconsciousness reported that although the patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab, the viral RNA was surprisingly detected in the CSF, and the patient MRI exhibited abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus (Moriguchi et al., 2020) . The preliminary reports which hint towards the involvement of the CNS imply an urgent need for more studies, and a systematic collection and preservation of CSF samples along with associated clinical data, at least in patients displaying extrapulmonary or neurological symptoms, to examine the neuronal aspect of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 author = Leverenz, David L title = Is the HScore useful in COVID-19? date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 223 sentences = 19 flesch = 52 summary = key: cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 cord_uid: w7ne9mj5 In a review of 191 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital, 3 the IQR of ferritin concentrations at time of admission in non-survivors was 728·9-2000·0 ng/mL, and the median ferritin did not exceed 2000·0 ng/mL until 16 days after symptom onset, when most patients had experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation. Other HScore criteria such as hypertriglyceridaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone marrow haemophagocytosis are not reported in most cohort studies of COVID-19. Finally, high fevers are weighted heavily in the HScore; however, temperature above 39·0°C does not distinguish between patients with moderate versus severe COVID-19. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 cache = ./cache/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281619-fhyamruq author = Burlacu, Alexandru title = Unpuzzling COVID-19 Prothrombotic State: Are Preexisting Thrombophilic Risk Profiles Responsible for Heterogenous Thrombotic Events? date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2016 sentences = 112 flesch = 32 summary = 1 The similarity between these 2 conditions is sustained by autopsy studies findings, documented immune pathogenesis, and microcirculation dysfunctions, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to disseminate the infection in other organs and by the fact that many critically ill COVID-19 patients developed clinical symptoms of shock following a process called "viral sepsis." 2 A recent paper dealing with SARS-CoV-2 and "viral sepsis" raised alarm signals that despite the huge percentage of 71,4% of non-survivors of COVID-19 who matched the grade of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, the concrete mechanisms of vascular thrombosis are not yet known. The hypercoagulation state consequent to SARS-COV-2 infection seems to manifest not only as pulmonary embolism, but also as other thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke, 31 suggesting that the most plausible explanation has to be a pattern concerning either the patients or the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281763-8eh5j5t7 author = Levin, Amanda B. title = Transforming a PICU Into an Adult ICU During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Meeting Multiple Needs date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2650 sentences = 143 flesch = 46 summary = The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH), a 1,003-bed facility with embedded 203-bed children's center, is a National Emerging Special Pathogens Treatment Center with a dedicated biocontainment unit that quickly reached capacity with critically ill COVID-19 patients (11) . Leaders from the Departments of Medicine and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine formed a centralized multidisciplinary "launch team" to standardize physical plant changes, staffing, equipment/ supplies, and training for new converted COVID-19 ICUs. At the time of PICU conversion, JHH had increased ICU beds from 118 to 172 in both converted subspecialty ICUs and repurposed adult acute care spaces. Early in the pandemic, a subset of PICU attending physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists (RTs) were deployed to adult COVID-19 ICUs to support increased demand. After BioDome physical closure, PICU attendings, nurses, and RTs continued to support the other institutional adult COVID-19 ICUs as independent staff for an additional 7 weeks. We initially deployed staff with adult experience, but pediatric trained PICU providers quickly gained competence in adult COVID-19 and ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281733-bsq0ewac author = Veyseh, Maedeh title = Left gonadal vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2461 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. 8 9 Our patient was distinctive in terms of presentation as she lacked the common respiratory symptoms, rather acute venous thrombosis in an unusual location prompted the diagnosis of COVID-19. 1 24 In summary, we present an interesting case with an unusual presentation of COVID-19 who presented with abdominal pain and no significant respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with thrombosis of the left ovarian vein. cache = ./cache/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281391-0qkku2jd author = Miller-Handley, Hilary title = Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 276 flesch = 47 summary = COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Because of these findings, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were used as early therapies in the treatment of COVID-19, and its use was further propagated by a small, retrospective, biased study from France with 36 patients which showed decrease in viral burden, and improved outcomes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine [17] . A retrospective study from the Veterans Affairs, looked at hospitalized patients who received hydroxychloroquine and showed no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine reduced the risk of progression of disease including mechanical ventilation and death [20] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281508-zl2url8z author = Pearce, N. title = Is death from Covid-19 a multistep process? date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4997 sentences = 245 flesch = 53 summary = The Covid-19 death rate increases exponentially with age, and the main risk factors are age itself, as well as having underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, severe chronic respiratory disease and cancer. Thus, death from Covid-19 and SARS appears to follow a distinct age-pattern, consistent with a multistep model of disease that in the case of Covid-19 is probably defined by comorbidities and age producing immune-related susceptibility. SARS showed a similar log-log age-pattern to that of Covid-19, albeit with a lower slope (indicating a smaller number of steps); in contrast, seasonal and pandemic influenza showed quite different agepatterns. These findings are consistent with a multistep model of disease involving a six-step process that in the case of SARS-COV-2 is probably defined by comorbidities and age producing immune-related susceptibility. cache = ./cache/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281804-lhnw8jx5 author = Sonis, Jonathan D. title = Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1987 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = While video and telephonic alternatives to bedside evaluation may facilitate communication with patients while maintaining physical separation to limit healthcare worker exposure and preserve PPE, these solutions may not be as effective in older patients, who commonly have hearing and visual impairment, challenges with manual dexterity due to arthritis, and cognitive impairment, all of which impede effective use of such technology. 22 Not only will reducing variability improve adherence to isolation and other outpatient management recommendations, but providing frontline staff with comprehensive, pre-written instructions reduces the work burden associated with individual patient discharges and allows for the inclusion of extended information surrounding expected disease course, follow-up planning, and support resources for those suffering from the psychological effects of isolation or requiring local resources such as access to food. cache = ./cache/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281603-3308f8hm author = Souza, William Marciel de title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3883 sentences = 237 flesch = 49 summary = Methods: Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. To investigate individual-level diagnostic, demographic, self-reported travel history, place of residence and likely place of infection, differential diagnosis for other respiratory pathogens, as well as clinical details, including comorbidities, we collected case data notified to the REDCap database 8 from February 25 to March 25, 2020. We showed that during the first month of COVID-19 in Brazil, only 33·1% of the reported confirmed cases were conducted in public health laboratories. cache = ./cache/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281887-b511bjdy author = Ribeiro, Reitan title = Perioperative Cancer Care in the Context of Limited Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology Recommendations date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4739 sentences = 234 flesch = 45 summary = DISCUSSION: The rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the incubation period of a corona virus infection is important in this context. CONCLUSIONS: We present a protocol, focused on the patients' outcomes, for safe and rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the virus incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources. Our objective was to present the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) protocol for rational use of resources and for reducing the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the coronavirus incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources, and focused on patient outcomes. In light of all the previous considerations, Table 3 presents our suggested protocol for the rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients from being operated on during the COVID-19 incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources. cache = ./cache/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281875-lq015thu author = Daneshjou, Roxana title = Pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19 in Skin of Color date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 865 sentences = 59 flesch = 51 summary = Recently, the skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection have emerged, with reports and series documenting petechial eruptions, transient livedo reticularis, erythematous rashes, urticaria, primary varicella-like like presentations, and pernio-like eruption. 4, 6, 7 Several case series and case reports have been published with photos documenting the pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19; however, most published photos have been in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I or II. 8 Given the disparities in dermatological educational resources, we present a series of seven patients with diverse skin types from FST III to V with pernio-like eruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. At time of presentation to a dermatologist, patients reported having a pernio-like eruption from a range of 2 weeks to 8 weeks. Additional data establishing the causal link between COVID-19 and pernio-like eruption is needed; in order to facilitate understanding of the appearance of these lesions, we present clinical images across diverse skin types. cache = ./cache/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281944-5rh0v96j author = Hajure, Mohammedamin title = Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Chronic Medical Patients Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3759 sentences = 199 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia. Female gender (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.06, 2.59)), poor social support (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.10, 3.42)), widowed/divorced (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI (1.59, 9.64)), separated (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI (1.64, 8.19)), and longer duration of illness (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.15, 2.89)) were significantly associated with depression, whereas earlier age at onset of illness, having more than three co-morbid diagnoses, tobacco use and poor social support were found to have significant association with anxiety among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. Whereas, earlier age at onset of illness (less than 36 years), having more than three comorbid diagnosis, past three month use of tobacco and poor social support were found to have significant associations with anxiety symptoms among chronic medical patients in Ethiopia amid COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281656-8anh8rhm author = Pata, Francesco title = Authors' response: Laparoscopy and COVID-19: An off-key song? date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1772 sentences = 90 flesch = 46 summary = At our knowledge, up until now, only one article demonstrated the presence of HBV in the surgical smoke in 10 of 11 HBV-positive patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Despite HIVand HBV being blood-borne viruses, laparoscopic surgery is being performed in HIV and HBV patients for many years, and no clear demonstration is available of viral transmission through the pneumoperitoneum or surgical smoke. For these reasons, we do not believe that results from the available literature can be extrapolated to the COVID-19 pandemic as to justify the current too restrictive guidelines on laparoscopic surgery against the evident and well-known and evidence-based advantages of laparoscopy with respect to the open approach in many fields of surgery. Thus, treating by laparotomy a reduced number of high-priority elective cases and surgical emergencies (sometimes failures of nonoperative management and, then, associated with a nonnegligible risk of conversion) may represent the safest option for patients, health workers, and system sustainability during the critical periods of COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281870-ax5s2i6t author = Goerlich, Erin title = Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1832 sentences = 122 flesch = 44 summary = title: Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 We observed a recurring pattern of reduced basal left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS) on speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and subsequently aimed to identify characteristics of affected patients. We hypothesized that COVID-19 patients with reduced basal LV strain would demonstrate elevated cardiac biomarkers. Complementing our findings, a recently published study describing reduced basal segmental LV strain in over half of evaluated COVID-19 patients has suggested that this is may be an early marker of myocardial involvement. 8 Case reports and series of patients with various forms of myocarditis, including influenza myocarditis, have described a similar pattern of reduced basal strain on STE. In summary, we report a pattern of reduced LV basal strain seen in over half of studied COVID-19 patients and occurring more frequently in patients with high-risk cardiovascular comorbidities and Black race. cache = ./cache/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281561-r10y2sgb author = Tiwari, Nidhi title = Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6877 sentences = 384 flesch = 45 summary = Another invitro study reported that Ribavirin, analogue of guanosine nucleotide having wide spectrum of antiviral activity, used along with LPV/RTV to treat SARS-COV-2 viral infection in china (ChiCTR2000029387) . reported remdesivir shows possible efficacy better as compared to placebo group in hospitalized patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effectiveness and safety concern of darunavir/cobicistat combination is being evaluated under development of clinical trials phase 3 by enrolling 30 COVID-19 patients and estimated completion of study on December 31, 2020. Recently, retrospective cohort study showed high dose of anakinra (5 mg/kg, BD,iv) produces beneficial and efficacious effects in 72% Covid-19 infected patients associated with ARDS (Cavalli et al., 2020) . Based on case study of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and also confirmed severe pneumonia and ARDS treated with i.v. infusion of eculizumab along with anticoagulant therapy (Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day s.c), antiviral therapy (LPV 800 mg/day + RTV 200 mg/day), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamin C 6 g/day for 4 days. cache = ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281638-qw5szvop author = Al-Tammemi, A. B. title = Is it Just About Physical Health? An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5467 sentences = 288 flesch = 46 summary = An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale Objectives This study aimed to assess the level of psychological distress among university students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated national measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire, The survey comprised of questions about (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), (iii) coping activities , and (iv) the students most serious concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to that, this study aimed to assess the level of psychological distress among university students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated strict national preventive measures, especially the distance learning strategy. Like many countries, the fear of the pandemic itself, along with the national response strategy in Jordan, which included a total country lockdown, nationwide curfew, and other strict measures, all could impact the population's mental health especially vulnerable groups (1). cache = ./cache/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281922-lr3wbt21 author = Padley, Roxanne H. title = COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The Revolution of Virtual Teaching date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 682 sentences = 43 flesch = 53 summary = Indeed, what is most thoughtprovoking is that access to a wider variety of teaching surgeons across the globe may lead to even better trained students and registrars as they are exposed to a broader spectrum of surgical techniques being demonstrated by different surgeons drawing on the experience of different healthcare systems. Indeed, despite the undoubted benefits of having a wider access to surgical demonstrations via online platforms, in the long term it is unlikely that it would be feasible for doctors and particularly surgeons in training to acquire the necessary skills without an integration of hands-on practical and clinical elements. A further valid point raised is most definitely that of security in the use of online platforms to maximise healthcare resources, the authors state the importance of safeguarding confidential information and suggest frequent updates of software. COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The uprising of Virtual Teaching cache = ./cache/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281487-x0a9qgjs author = Kim, Min Young title = General Approach to the Clinical Care of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 Infection: Management for Transplant Recipients date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5908 sentences = 296 flesch = 36 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has led to unique challenges in solid organ transplantation as centers balance the risk of caring for immunosuppressed patients with the best timing and urgency of transplantation. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia were included Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; Because renal abnormalities are associated with a high risk of in-hospital death and appear to be more prevalent in transplant recipients [36] , serum creatinine and urinalysis should be monitored closely. Figure 1 shows a model for the management of solid organ transplant recipients during COVID-19 pandemic, based on recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Society of Transplantation (AST) [52, 61] . Transplant recipients with direct contact (< 6 ft for ≥ 15 min) with a COVID-19 infected individual should be quarantined for 14 days and consider testing for SARS-CoV-2 after exposure or if they develop symptoms [49, 52] . cache = ./cache/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281713-3iu8qx7n author = Ronquillo, Jay G title = Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1986 sentences = 102 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a populationand resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. 6 Resource-adjusted characteristics were calculated by dividing state-level cases by (i) estimated state-level physician totals from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2018 Compendium of US Health Systems (https://www.a hrq.gov/chsp), and (ii) published state-level estimates for mechanical ventilators as described in the Society of Critical Care Medicine report on US ICU Resource Availability for COVID-19. Using information from available publication and news sources, we identified states with and without stay-at-home or similar nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI) orders that were implemented statewide as of the study date. 1 Looking beyond raw case and death counts by adjusting for publicly accessible data on populations and resource estimates can help clarify risks and inform public health policy. cache = ./cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282026-839jc5wp author = Tsui, Ban C. H. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiological Factors During Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1087 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = 3 During AGMPs, PPE (including N95 respirators, powered air purifying respirators [PAPRs], face shields, gowns, and gloves) remains the major environment-host IF protecting HCWs. For AGMPs, such as intubation, video laryngoscopy provides slightly more distance between the infected patient and the HCW when compared to direct laryngoscopy, but the HCW still remains at high exposure risk. In fact, the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommend decontamination of the OR after care of COVID patients and "entry should be delayed until sufficient time has elapsed for enough air changes to remove aerosolized infectious particles." 3 Safety practices used by other occupations exposed to hazardous particulates provide a great resource for alternative agent-environment IFs for HCWs performing AGMPs. Local exhaust ventilation hoods near the contamination source provide effective control of dust and fumes generated in industries utilizing woodworking and soldering. cache = ./cache/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281990-x5nql0cw author = Liu, Y. title = Association between epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection and ABO blood group types date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3601 sentences = 192 flesch = 55 summary = Growth rate and doubling time of infection and death cases, reproductive number, infection and death cases in the mid-exponential phase were analyzed in relation to blood type distribution. Discussion: Covid-19 infection is significantly associated with blood type distribution and people with blood type A are more susceptible to Covid-19 infection and have higher epidemic dynamics and higher case fatality rate. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the distribution of blood group types and the epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection based on analyses of big data that cover worldwide population majority. We thus conducted this study based on the worldwide available big data trying to ascertain an association between the distribution of blood types and Covid-19 infection dynamics. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 Comparison of the Covid-19 infection epidemic dynamics between higher and lower blood type A population. cache = ./cache/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282085-r3w90vg8 author = Epperly, D. E. title = COVID-19 Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, And Severity : A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5519 sentences = 272 flesch = 53 summary = This study uses measured amounts of SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients from a published and peer-reviewed study and known Influenza A challenge doses from a published and peer-reviewed study and known ASHRAE Office Ventilation standards and an Outdoor Air Exchange model to estimate the time necessary to cause various exposure levels and resulting infection potential in various indoor and outdoor settings of both Influenza A and COVID-19. The estimates in this study also present an initial framework and specific quantitative examples for better understanding of the effects of ventilation on aerosolized transmission, and the immunology related to challenge doses, and the potential for low-level viral load exposure to result in some level of immunity without symptoms of illness (asymptomatic infection). cache = ./cache/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281891-qucjw8q1 author = Liu, Yu title = The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4124 sentences = 230 flesch = 55 summary = title: The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study As breathing relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality, anxiety, and depression, the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training (DBRT) for improving sleep quality among nurses in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion DBRT is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety among first-line nurses involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. In the current study, our aim was to investigate the effects of DBRT on sleep quality, anxiety, and depression of first-line nurses fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan, To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of DBRT in first-line nurses during the COVID-19 endemic, in terms of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. cache = ./cache/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282043-cs1oyohu author = Giustino, Gennaro title = Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia: JACC Focus Seminar date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1923 sentences = 114 flesch = 27 summary = Both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. Although originally believed to be a syndrome characterized by acute lung injury, respiratory failure, and death, it is now apparent that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is further characterized by exuberant cytokinemia, with resultant endothelial inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, and multiorgan failure (2) . Myocardial injury can be detected in w25% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: a review Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 cache = ./cache/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281686-edpyn8fd author = Dalamaga, Maria title = 19 treatment regimens? date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1448 sentences = 89 flesch = 35 summary = These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. It could also be reasonable to speculate that iron chelators may prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung function decline following COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281945-jvnjzjds author = Radnis, Caitlin title = Radiographic and clinical neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 related hypoxemia date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2808 sentences = 155 flesch = 43 summary = Survivors of critical illness and ARDS often experience neurocognitive impairment but, to date, there is scant literature correlating radiographic hypoxic brain injury to hypoxemia related to ARDS. In this case series, we describe three cases of hypoxic brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hypoxemia secondary to COVID-19-related ARDS. Of patients with severe disease, approximately 16% had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 14.5% required invasive mechanical ventilation, and 99% had pneumonia [4] . A recent autopsy case series found evidence of hypoxic changes in the brain tissue of patients who had succumbed to COVID-19, but there was no report of whether these patients developed ARDS, duration of mechanical ventilation if required, whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used, presence or absence of cardiac arrest, or cause of death [21] . In this case series, we describe three cases of hypoxic brain injury seen on MRI, along with clinical correlations, in patients with hypoxemia secondary to COVID-19 related ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author = Yu, Yuanqiang title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7461 sentences = 389 flesch = 50 summary = References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2020, by use of the terms "coronavirus, " "neonate, " "children, " "COVID19, " and "SARS-CoV-2." Relevant articles published between 2003 and 2020 were identified through searches in the authors' personal files. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be less severe in infants and children than in adult patients, similar to the SARS-CoV infection (15) (16) (17) . Of the 34 pregnant women who were confirmed with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple hospitals in Wuhan, including one pregnant woman with a negative nucleic acid test result, 30 had a fever and 16 had a cough (54) (55) (56) (57) . cache = ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282131-wap7lo05 author = Chen, Haixia title = Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3377 sentences = 180 flesch = 46 summary = Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019, the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 5)" [6] recommended that suspected cases with pulmonary imaging characteristics be included for the first time in "clinical diagnosis" in Hubei Province. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 4)" stipulates that [22] JRID198_proof ■ 26 April 2020 ■ 3/ 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 a patient who meets any one of the epidemiological history criteria and any two of the clinical manifestations can be included in suspected cases, and that an etiological test then be conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author = de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title = Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7479 sentences = 374 flesch = 49 summary = This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties' criticism of the government's management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population's insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world. cache = ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282097-a1pwq4fi author = Hoertel, N. title = Dexamethasone use and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4403 sentences = 248 flesch = 49 summary = When examining the association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone received during the visit and the endpoint, we found that the administration of a cumulative dose between 60 mg to 150 mg among patients who required respiratory support was significantly associated with a lower risk of death in the crude, unadjusted analysis (HR, 0.28; SE, 0.58, p=0.028), the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.24; SE, 0.65, p=0.030), and in the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample (HR, 0.32; SE, 0.58, p=0.048), whereas no significant association was observed with a different dose. When examining the association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone received during the visit and the endpoint, we found that the administration of a cumulative dose between 60 mg to 150 mg among patients who required respiratory support was significantly associated with a lower risk of death in the crude, unadjusted analysis (HR, 0.28; SE, 0.58, p=0.028), the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.24; SE, 0.65, p=0.030), and in the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample (HR, 0.32; SE, 0.58, p=0.048), whereas no significant association was observed with a different dose. cache = ./cache/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282009-a83mun7u author = Pundir, Hemlata title = Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to study pharmacophore-based virtual screening of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6213 sentences = 360 flesch = 53 summary = To identify possible inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, we applied the Pharmacophore-based virtual screening method following Chou's 5-step rule [16] , molecular docking, drug-like analysis, and toxicity prediction (Fig. 1) . After the pharmacophore-based screening using Chou's 5-steps rule, we performed the molecular docking of all screened compounds with crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. After successful completion of MDS, the MD trajectories were used to calculate root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (R g ), hydrogen bonds, solvent accessible surface area (SASA) [28] , principal component analysis (PCA) [29] , and distance to analyze the stability of Mpro and Mpro-ligand complex. Pharmacophore-based screening by Chou's 5-steps rule X77 binds to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with binding energy − 8.4 kcal/mol as shown in Fig. 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281948-xv7vuypd author = Hoang, Ansel title = COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4065 sentences = 235 flesch = 47 summary = We included published or in press peer-reviewed cross-sectional, case series, and case reports providing clinical signs, imaging findings, and/or laboratory results of pediatric patients who were positive for COVID-19. Data collected included the type of article (e.g., case series), country of origin, number of pediatric patients, demographic information, and all clinical symptoms (e. Compared to that review and other COVID-19 pediatric systematic reviews, [18À21] this manuscript has several key advantages: (1) we summarize 131 studies that includes 7780 children from 26 different countries, (2) this report synthesizes underlying pediatric medical conditions and delineates bacterial and viral coinfections, (3) we quantitatively describe clinical symptoms and imaging findings, (4) herein, we conglomerate the mean and standard deviation of frequently used laboratory analytes in COVID-19 positive children, (5) our report presents antiviral therapies by specific agents, and (6) our systematic review offers a preliminary comparison of patients with/without MIS-C. cache = ./cache/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282095-cbfyydi3 author = Pierron, Denis title = Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6441 sentences = 289 flesch = 51 summary = Using data from a global, crowd-sourced study deployed in 30+ languages (Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research survey, GCCR, see "Methods" section), we tested whether changes in smell/taste at the population level could be used as an early indicator for local COVID-19 outbreaks. As pre-registered (see "Methods" section), our primary aim was to test the association between self-reported smell and taste changes and indicators of pressure in hospitals (COVID-related hospitalizations, CCRU admissions, and mortality rates) for each French administrative region over the last 3 months. The potential for self-reported smell and taste loss to serve as an early indicator of the number of COVID-19 cases-and hence hospital stress-was tested in a natural experiment by comparing France with Italy and the UK, which implemented lockdown with different timing and levels of stringency. Next, we examined the temporal dynamics in France of self-reported changes in smell/taste, the current governmental indicator (ratio of ER consults), and the number of CCRU admissions due to COVID-19 before and after the lockdown period. cache = ./cache/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282197-hkt7nktc author = Frisullo, Giovanni title = Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 963 sentences = 47 flesch = 47 summary = We would like to share our experience on the changes of integrated care pathway (ICP) focused on ischemic stroke patients. A team consisting of internists, cardiologists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists guarantees a multidisciplinary approach to s-COVID-19 stroke patients subjected to multiparametric monitoring of vital parameters. The integration of multiprofessional specialists can occur in the following settings: (1) COVID-19 sub-intensive room, where stroke team, infectious disease specialists, and resuscitators manage the patient together; (2) in the COVID-19 CT room, where the patient can simultaneously perform brain and chest CT for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia; (3) sub-intensive department dedicated to time-dependent disease, where the multidisciplinary approach allows a more appropriate management of the COVID-19 stroke patient. We believe that the main novelty of the new stroke ICP is the creation of a sub-intensive ward for time-dependent diseases in s-COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282219-7kzbnymp author = Wu, Liu title = The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2455 sentences = 167 flesch = 50 summary = title: The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol Secondary outcomes were accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea) disappear rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), average hospitalization time, clinical curative effect, and improved quality of life. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of our study will provide evidence to judge whether massage is an effective intervention on the quality of life in patients recovering. [6] Coronaviruses (CoVs), mainly targeting human respiratory system, are responsible for health-threatening outbreaks including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome, and lastly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We will include articles related to massage therapy of patients recovering from COVID-19. This article will use the evidence quality rating method to evaluate the results obtained from this analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282142-76jr4p7n author = Wang, Yun title = Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5495 sentences = 292 flesch = 47 summary = Pregnant women are susceptible to respiratory pathogens and the development of severe pneumonia, suggesting the urgent need to assess the potential maternal and infant outcome of pregnancy with COVID-19. Therefore, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and infant outcomes needs to be explored, especially the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19. SARS-CoV infection during pregnancy was associated with a risk of adverse maternal and neonatal complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, spontaneous miscarriage, severe maternal illnesses, such as, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and death (4, 6, 13, (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) . The samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples from six patients tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (5), suggesting no intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the nine pregnant COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282202-q2q4vies author = Banerjee, Amitava title = Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4106 sentences = 229 flesch = 46 summary = DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). "Learning is difficult in the midst of an emergency" [7] , but our ability to deliver timely, high-impact clinical research, relevant to patients and populations, is critical across the academic spectrum [8] , from "bench to bedside to big data", whether basic biology, repurposed and novel therapeutic approaches, vaccines or modelling. Our aims were to: (i) model potential impact of the pandemic on clinical academic capacity in England relating to COVID-19; and (ii) develop evidence-based recommendations to inform the optimal scientific response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282198-ugmv9om1 author = Pare, Joseph R. title = Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound Is More Sensitive than Chest Radiograph for Evaluation of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = Our primary objective was to determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines, when excluding patients with alternative etiologies for B-lines, are more sensitive for the associated diagnosis of COVID-19 than CXR. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who presented to a single, academic emergency department in the United States between March 20 and April 6, 2020, and received LUS, CXR, and viral testing for COVID-19 as part of their diagnostic evaluation. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to outperform chest radiograph (CXR) in its ability to detect abnormalities with non-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pulmonary infections. This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study of patients undergoing COVID-19 testing (based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] of nasopharyngeal sampling performed on an assay developed by the Center for Regenerative Medicine at Boston University, operating under an Emergency Use Authorization], who also had both diagnostic LUS and CXR for the evaluation of COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED). cache = ./cache/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282256-lqmixm7s author = Tsioufis, Costas title = The interplay of Hypertension, ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2: Emerging data as the “Ariadne’s thread” for the “labyrinth” of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1847 sentences = 113 flesch = 49 summary = 4 The only available meta-analysis from Wuhan of 46248 cases, supports that hypertension constitutes the most prevalent comorbidity in 17% of patients infected with the novel coronavirus. In Italy the most current analysis shows that of 69.1% of the deceased patients were hypertensives and 30% used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and 17% angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). 18 After adjustment for confounders there was no independent association for the use of ACEIs/ARBs with susceptibility for infection or worse clinical outcome in contrast to loop diuretics that were linked to enhanced risk. Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19 Risk of pneumonia associated with use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: systematic review and meta-analysis Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author = Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title = COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2256 sentences = 104 flesch = 34 summary = The COVID-19 crisis affects every aspect of clinical trial research engagement including: recruitment and retention; ability to ensure participant safety while engaged in experimental interventions; study procedures, including consideration of remote assessments, impact on populations with health disparities, and generalizability of future results; outcome measures, including biomarker assessment; impact on the clinical trial workforce, including attrition; impact on dissemination of results and scientific collaborations, which move the clinical trial infrastructure forward; current and future funding allocations; and regulatory considerations in regards to management of altered study conduct and change of outcome measures (Fig. 1) . The purpose of this article is to highlight the impact of disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic on geriatric clinical trials research and propose approaches for the scientific community to continue pushing forward. The vulnerability of older adults to COVID-19 is a critical reminder for the need to prepare for disasters during clinical trial design. cache = ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282312-h3h6vw5l author = Greco, Antonio title = Outcomes of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 872 sentences = 54 flesch = 52 summary = 1 COVID-19 is associated with higher case fatality in patients with comorbidities, including those with arterial hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. 3 It has been hypothesized that the use of ACEIs/ARBs may negatively impact on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients by affecting the expression of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 aminopeptidase (ACE-2), the human receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and web sources up to 7 June 2020 for studies reporting data on the association between ACEI/ARB use and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. When needed, the corresponding authors of the included studies were contacted, and one of them provided additional data that were not available in the original publication. In the unadjusted analysis, the use of ACEIs/ARBs was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57-1.58; Figure 1A ) or severe disease (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60-1.31). Estimation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS)-inhibitor effect on COVID-19 outcome: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282183-k0pn0ie2 author = Spiezia, Luca title = More severe hypercoagulable state in acute COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to other pneumonia. date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1724 sentences = 98 flesch = 43 summary = Interestingly, we and two other Italian groups recently reported hypercoagulable whole blood profiles in COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Units for acute respiratory failure [4] [5] [6] . Therefore, we aimed to study traditional and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles -via a ROTEM ® sigma apparatus (Instrumentation Laboratory Werfen, Barcelona, Spain) -in a group of patients consecutively admitted to Internal Medicine wards of Padova University Hospital for acute pneumonia: cases were COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and controls were patients with pneumonia from different etiology. Although several papers, including one by our group, have previously reported COVID-19-related hypercoagulability in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units 4-6 , the present study focuses more closely on the comparison of coagulation profiles between COVID-19 patients with acute pneumonia and non COVID-19 patients with acute pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282355-urys21ry author = Ortega-Quijano, Daniel title = Reply to “Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients”: discussing specificity date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 552 sentences = 36 flesch = 54 summary = title: Reply to "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients": discussing specificity Title: Reply to "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients": discussing specificity Daniel Ortega-Quijano, MD 1 , Juan Jimenez-Cauhe, MD 1 , Patricia Burgos-Blasco, MD 1 , Natalia Jimenez-Gomez, MD 1 , Diego Fernandez-Nieto, MD 1 . The positive predictive value, that is, the probability that a person with a varicella-like rash has COVID-19, is much more relevant, as a high value would justify SARS-CoV-2 testing. For us, the main contribution of the study by Marzano and colleagues is that, with all exanthems currently having a high positive predictive value for COVID-19, that of varicella-like rash is probably the highest since vesicular rash is more specific for viral disease than others 3 . Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients cache = ./cache/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282430-u5ukqc5z author = Fenton, Mark E. title = An Expanded COVID-19 Telemedicine Intermediate Care Model Using Repurposed Hotel Rooms date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2172 sentences = 94 flesch = 38 summary = The Pleural Pressure Working Group's planned RECRUIT (Recruitment Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography: Feasibility, Correlation with Clinical Outcomes and Pilot Data on Personalised PEEP Selection) project (https:// www.plugwgroup.org/), which aims to compare the results of different bedside methods to titrate PEEP based on EIT, might provide us with some answers on how to titrate PEEP using EIT data. Bruni and colleagues have built the clinical care model around twice daily assessment of patients by a respiratory physician using remote monitoring (no details of how monitoring is done were included) (1). We really thank Fenton and colleagues for their interest in our article (1) and the pleasing comments regarding our telemedicine-supported hotel accommodation model for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) . Electrical impedance tomography for positive end-expiratory pressure titration in COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282361-gje78nb1 author = Gökce, Mehmet İlker title = How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE–IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3248 sentences = 154 flesch = 43 summary = In this study it is aimed to identify the up-to-date practice patterns related to preoperative evaluation and anesthesia for stone disease interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. Information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic was collected. Rate of preoperative testing, emergency procedures, conservative approaches and topical/regional anesthesia increased after 21 days. The primary end point of the study was to collect information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic. While some guidelines suggest PCR testing in suspicious cases, the guidelines for sections with a high likelihood of virus load, such as otolaryngology, suggest that it can be performed Fig. 2 Summary of preoperative additional testing, alteration in anesthesia method and stone related procedures in the European cohort in all patients [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282499-baia5prj author = Lei, Pinggui title = The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 440 sentences = 35 flesch = 50 summary = Actually, the CT features are various at different stages in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Recently, the studies demonstrated that the CT findings were typical signs for diagnosis at different stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 3 , 4 Particularly, ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were the principal manifestation in the CT images (CT scans before onset of symptoms or CT scans done ≤ 1 week after symptom onset), and GGO was decreased with increasing the stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 4 Therefore, knowing the corresponding CT feature of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages, which could be helpful to precisely diagnose and understand CT characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia beyond the radiological findings itself. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):a multi-center study in Wenzhou city Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282409-gnphco0f author = Ozaras, Resat title = Coinfections among COVID-19 patients: A Need for Combination Therapy? date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 649 sentences = 42 flesch = 47 summary = We have recently reported 6 COVID-19 patients coinfected with influenza and reviewed 28 previously reported cases 2 . A review of 14 studies reporting viral coinfecting respiratory pathogens estimated that 3% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were also coinfected with another respiratory virus; respiratory syncytial virus (16.9% of detections) being the most prevalent one, followed by influenza A (15.5%) 3 . [2] [3] [4] A study from Wuhan, China reported 93 COVID-19 patients, 44 (47.3%) of whom were coinfected with influenza 2 . Therefore, neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir or zanamivir, should be initiated rapidly when influenza co-infection is considered among COVID-19 patients. Although influenza is decreasing during this pandemic because of the measures, clinicians should keep alert COVID-19 patients with influenza coinfection. Combination therapy (adding oseltamivir) should be considered in COVID-19 patients with CT findings suggesting influenza coinfection and/or when there is local circulation of influenza. Influenza and COVID-19 Co-infection: Report of 6 cases and review of the Literature cache = ./cache/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282268-f7mbdfr6 author = Cartenì, Armando title = How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5276 sentences = 209 flesch = 48 summary = By contrast, the hypothesis discussed in this research is that the time period (days) in which a new positive case of coronavirus is identified and certified, which could be called a sort of a positivity detection time, is longer than the incubation time because of possible delays between contagion and detection caused, for example, by the significant percentage of tests that prove false negative to COVID-19, or by the fraction of people who, although infected, are asymptomatic and/or initially show only mild symptoms, and therefore do not resort to health care. Estimates were made through a multiple linear regression model linking the number of certified daily cases (day-to-day) to socio-economic indices (e.g. number of residents; population density), environmental variables (e.g. temperature, PM pollution), health care indicators (e.g. number of swabs taken daily) and mobility habits (e.g. number people who performed trips several days before). cache = ./cache/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282339-a1ln2v2p author = Pinto, Daniel title = The role of breast FNA during and post‐ COVID‐19 pandemic: a fast and safe alternative to needle core biopsy date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1908 sentences = 143 flesch = 54 summary = We would invite the reader to challenge their preconceptions of breast FNABs: not only have ancillary tests have been shown to be viable on both smears and cell blocks but, in 2019, the Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology was developed and validated, enabling an accurate and reproducible categorization of breast lesions, significantly reducing the need for follow‐up CNBs. Thus, the major limitations of breast FNABs have been addressed. (21, 22 ) When compared to fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), CNBs have some advantages, such as enabling the assessment of suspicious microcalcifications detected by mammography, distinguishing in situ from invasive lesions and providing material for performing theranostic biomarkers, enabling personalized therapy. One could also argue that, given the minimal invasive nature of the FNAB procedure, the risk of infection from a asymptomatic COVID-19 patient should be low, and even lower when compared to a CNB procedure which may involve more personnel and time to perform. cache = ./cache/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282371-39qo9afy author = Khulood, Daulat title = Convalescent plasma appears efficacious and safe in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3095 sentences = 218 flesch = 52 summary = Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a classic adaptive immunotherapy which has been in use for more a century to prevent and treat infections including SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and H1N1 pandemic. Despite its promising beneficial effects in patients severely ill with COVID-19, CP therapy requires further evaluation in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) as a lack of satisfactory efficacy data from this area certainly enhances the hesitancy with regard to employing this treatment. Although CP therapy showed satisfactory efficacy in treating patients with severe COVID-19, 41 this approach requires evaluation in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) 38 as lack of data from this area certainly enhances the hesitation with regard to employing this treatment. 46 Recently, the FDA has approved use of CP to treat critically ill patients while a clinical trial of plasma therapy for COVID-19 has been approved in the UK. Treatment with convalescent plasma for critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282535-gnuhjs32 author = Cook, Gordon title = Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 68 flesch = 50 summary = title: Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. . The UK index case was identified on the 31 st of January, 2020 and given the rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19, it is imperative to define the impact on patients with co-existing medical conditions (3) . Multiple Myeloma (MM), the second most common haematological malignancy, is a cancer of the mature B-cell lineage and is associated with both cellular and humoral immune dysfunction that renders patients susceptible to infections, especially of the respiratory tract (4) (5) (6) (7) . This coupled with a median age at presentation of 70 years in a population with frequent co-existing medical conditions, means the outcomes of MM patients infected with COVID-19 warrants particular attention. cache = ./cache/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282458-5v9k4yyj author = Balakrishnan, Vijayakumar title = Screening of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Coronavirus Disease date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2360 sentences = 137 flesch = 56 summary = Finally, all the chosen drugs used in the IFD studies were analyzed for the favorable docking score, glide energy, glide emodel and interaction studies (hydrogen bond and hydrophobic) with COVID-19 Mpro. This IFD complex has possessed docking score − 14.183, glide energy − 114.183, Table 2 ) and has very good non-bonded interactions with the active site residues. In this study, the FDA-approved (~ 1500 compounds) drugs were screened using HTVs. Based on the results, four drugs were compared with the N3 inhibitor which was previously redocked at the active site of COVID-19 Mpro. The four drugs Sincalide, Pentagastrin, Ritonavir and Phytonadione have been found to possess better results with COVID-19 Mpro (Coronavirus disease). In particular, the potent inhibition exhibited by the FDA approved Sincalide and Pentagastrin drugs were found to be more efficient in terms of docking score, energy and capability of forming hydrogen bond interactions with the active site residues. cache = ./cache/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282402-1skkjes1 author = Blumenthal-Barby, Jennifer title = Payment of COVID-19 challenge trials: underpayment is a bigger worry than overpayment date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1381 sentences = 78 flesch = 51 summary = This raises the question of how much people should be paid for their participation in COVID-19 challenge trials. Grimwade et al have the opposite concern-that researchers will underpay challenge trial participants. Even more concerning, it fails to account for the extra risks and burdens of COVID-19 challenge trial participation that go beyond a typical minimum wage job. Grimwade et al argue that participants should be offered higher payment that accounts for participant time, and for pains, burdens and willingness to take risk. Undue inducement occurs when people do not pay full attention to the risks and benefits of research participation because they are myopically focused on the money. There are, however, two additional ethical concerns associated with high payment that Grimwade et al do not discuss: unjust inducement and crowding out of altruism. Given the potential burdens and risks accompanying challenge trials, we shouldn't worry about whether we are overpaying people for their participation. cache = ./cache/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282571-ilf73g71 author = Ni, Wentao title = Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5424 sentences = 287 flesch = 46 summary = Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV enter host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is expressed in various human organs. In addition to the direct viral effects and inflammatory and immune factors associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis, ACE2 downregulation and the imbalance between the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS after infection may also contribute to multiple organ injury in COVID-19. Autopsies of SARS patients showed that SARS-CoV infection can cause injury to multiple organs, such as the heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, and adrenal and thyroid glands, besides the lungs [30, 31] . Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV infection can downregulate ACE2 expression on cells, thereby disrupting the physiological balance between ACE/ACE2 and Ang-II/angiotensin-(1-7) and subsequently causing severe organ injury [44] [45] [46] [47] . Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS cache = ./cache/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282411-n5xlpqms author = Wang, Huali title = Dementia care during COVID-19 date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1188 sentences = 68 flesch = 53 summary = As more and more businesses stop non-essential services or initiate telecommuting work in an attempt to maintain social distancing and limit the further spread of SARS-CoV-2, people living with dementia, who have little knowledge of telecommuni cation and depend primarily on in-person support might feel lonely and abandoned, and become withdrawn. According to an interactive online tool that estimates the potential number of deaths from COVID-19 in a population, by age group, in individual countries and regional groupings worldwide under a range of scenarios, most of During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, five organisations, including the Chinese Society of Geriatric Psychi atry and Alzheimer's Disease Chinese, promptly released expert recommendations and disseminated key messages on how to provide mental health and psychosocial support. As recommended by international dementia experts and Alzheimer's Disease International, 10 support for people living with dementia and their carers is needed urgently worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282416-5x3lyuuf author = Adams, Hugo J.A. title = Chest CT imaging signature of COVID-19 infection: in pursuit of the scientific evidence date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4156 sentences = 250 flesch = 51 summary = Original studies which reported the prevalence of chest CT findings in patients with RT-PCR or gene sequencing proven COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion. For each included study, publication date, country of origin, study design (retrospective or prospective), number, gender and age of included patients, inclusion criteria, number of symptomatic patients, duration of symptoms before chest CT, disease severity (based on reported descriptive data), chest CT interpreters, and time interval between chest CT and RT-PCR/gene sequencing, were extracted. For each included study, the frequency of chest CT findings (i.e., normal findings and all individually reported lung abnormalities according to the glossary of terms for thoracic imaging of the Fleischner Society 12 on a patient level) were extracted. Because of the potential of chest CT in adjunct to clinical examination and RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and the rapid proliferation of studies on this topic, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the methodological quality of these studies and to determine the frequency of different chest CT findings that are found in this disease. cache = ./cache/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282504-m3npy0om author = Kastritis, Efstathios title = Challenges in the Management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4642 sentences = 217 flesch = 44 summary = Patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis have an underlying usually low-grade plasma or B-cell malignancy causing their disease, and they receive chemotherapy (Merlini, et al 2018) , thus, being at higher risk for infections (Kristinsson, et al 2012) , including from SARS-CoV-2, and probably at higher risk for severe COVID-19 (Pietrantonio and Garassino 2020) . Treatments for AL amyloidosis have not been developed in the context of multiple randomized studies, thus, we have limited data to propose one therapy over the other or assess the importance of full vs reduced dosing of critical drugs such as bortezomib or For selected patients who have achieved a satisfactory hematologic response (for example CR or VGPR or even PR with organ response), the treating physician may discuss to complete therapy earlier or continue with a less intensive schedule (for example reduce weekly to bi-weekly bortezomib). cache = ./cache/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282528-g1cpd2hg author = Zobairy, H. title = Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3485 sentences = 235 flesch = 51 summary = Herein, we report the results of a multicenter study of COVID-19 patients who presented to 13 hospitals across the Kurdistan province of Iran. Herein we report the results of a multicenter center study of OD as a predictor of hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients presenting to the emergency departments of thirteen different hospitals in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Our study results are consistent with the previous studies by Speth et al and Benezit et al who found OD to be associated with more severe 24 In our cohort of patients, those who were hospitalized also had a greater prevalence of all symptoms of COVID-19, not just OD. Amongst patients presenting to emergency departments for COVID-19, patient-reported OD was more prevalent in those needing hospitalization for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282572-j14izwxd author = Tasnim, S. title = Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7708 sentences = 481 flesch = 50 summary = Method: Seven major health databases and additional sources were searched to identify, evaluate, and synthesize empirical studies on the prevalence and correlates of sleep disorders and available interventions. This scoping review aims to address this knowledge gap through systematically evaluating the current evidence on the epidemiological burden of sleep disorders, associated factors, and interventions addressing the problems. Data extracted from the included articles were narratively synthesized and presented using tables and a commentary on key findings on the study characteristics, samples, and epidemiological findings as the quantitative burden and associated factors of sleep disorders during COVID-19 and interventions addressing the same. The study by Amerio et al., 29 included general practitioners working in Genoa, Italy evaluate the mental health effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the healthcare workers. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209148 doi: medRxiv preprint Our review shed light on the high prevalence of insomnia and sleep disturbances among health care workers especially those in frontline. cache = ./cache/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282384-qbcqbhk4 author = Savastano, Alfonso title = Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3740 sentences = 227 flesch = 44 summary = Furthermore, we performed an additional analysis within the post-COVID-19 group correlating the primary outcome measures with the other examined variables to detect potential risk factors for RPCP impairment in post SARS-CoV-2 patients. Spearman's Test revealed a statistically significant linear correlation between RNFL average thickness and both RPCP perfusion density (p < 0.001) ( Figure 3 ) and RPCP flow index (p < 0.001) (Figure 4) within the post-COVID-19 group. Our study examined this aspect outlining the correlation of the RPCP perfusion density and RPCP flow index with the RNFL average thickness also in early post-COVID-19 patients. In this regard, it is interesting to notice that patients in the post-COVID-19 group showed a lower mean age, a lower prevalence of diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension, and a higher prevalence of females (typically affected by milder manifestations of the disease) compared to the reported SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic data [38] . cache = ./cache/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282633-q7egnpaq author = Singh, Ashish Kumar title = COVID‐19: Assessment of knowledge and awareness in Indian society date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2311 sentences = 129 flesch = 54 summary = This study will help government and peoples to understand and handle this coronavirus pandemic effectively and in prevention of COVID‐19, which is crucial for the awareness of society in coming time. In view of this, this study attempted to assess the awareness, threat, symptoms and its prevention among people of India about the COVID-19. The respondents have adequate awareness for COVID-19 outbreak and its preventive measures, out of total, 98% (513) answered that the virus spreads from one person to another, 95% (494) answered that the disease is caused by a virus. This study will help government and peoples to understand and handle this coronavirus pandemic effectively and in prevention of COVID-19, which is crucial for the awareness of society in coming time. There is very little research in India covering the above factors, so this study is crucial for planning and adopting the preventive measures by public and government officials during this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282598-ghh16h43 author = Dattilo, Wesley title = COVID-19 most vulnerable Mexican cities lack the public health infrastructure to face the pandemic: a new temporally-explicit model date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4696 sentences = 274 flesch = 54 summary = 10.20061192 doi: medRxiv preprint Recently, a wide array of epidemiological models have been developed to guide public health 23 actors in containing the rapid dissemination of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome 24 coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause of COVID-19. Based on our model, we show 32 that the most important cities within the Mexican air transportation network are the most 33 vulnerable to COVID-19, with all assessed public health infrastructure being insufficient to face 34 the modeled scenario for the pandemic after 100 days. Based on our model, we show 32 that the most important cities within the Mexican air transportation network are the most 33 vulnerable to COVID-19, with all assessed public health infrastructure being insufficient to face 34 the modeled scenario for the pandemic after 100 days. We found that most vulnerable cities lack of the required public health infrastructure (i.e., number of inpatient and intensive care unit beds) to face this new pandemic, overloading in all cases after 100 days. cache = ./cache/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282460-z7g3uikr author = Guillo, Enora title = COVID-19 pneumonia: Diagnostic and prognostic role of CT based on a retrospective analysis of 214 consecutive patients from Paris, France date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2484 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of first and expert readings were calculated together with inter reader agreement, with results of RT-PCR as standard of reference and according to symptoms and onset date. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CT in patients referred for COVID-19 suspicion to a French university hospital, depending on symptoms and date of onset, as well as factors associated to poor outcomes in our specific population. In the present study, we found strong inter reader agreement between initial and expert reading for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and a sensitivity reaching 93% for expert reading when CT was performed after 5 days of symptoms, considering RT-PCR positivity only as standard of reference. Other studies have used a different reference standard to confirm SARS-Cov-2 infection, not exclusively relying on RT-PCR results but also on a clinical validation based on the combination of symptoms, exposure, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with coronavirus pneumonia [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282704-qg2o0ug4 author = Li, Xun title = Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2257 sentences = 159 flesch = 60 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China Methods The clinical records, laboratory findings and radiologic assessments included chest X-ray or computed tomography were extracted from electronic medical records of 25 died patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 14 to Feb 13, 2020. All 25 dead patients with COVID-19 tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by use of RT-PCR on samples from there respiratory tract. In the presents study, all the patients were died of respiratory failure, which indicated that the lung is the most common target organ of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282699-tuas2tgd author = LIU, Wei-hong title = Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2983 sentences = 166 flesch = 53 summary = To better apply "non-pharmaceutic measures"—the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture–Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion. In response to the Chinese government's call upon the solidarity in the fight against COVID-19 and to better apply the external techniques of TCM to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19, China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion (CAAM) developed and issued Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion intervention on COVID-19 (Second edition) (hereinafter Guidance ) [7] . The main content of Guidance is introduced as follows to assist in the effective application of TCM techniques, e.g. acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282660-9x937eus author = Muñoz Vives, Josep Maria title = Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3213 sentences = 173 flesch = 51 summary = title: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study All patients who were ≥65 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. Included participants were patients ‡65 years of age presenting to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals with the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of a proximal femoral fracture (31-A and 31-B according to the OTA/AO classification 19 ) from a low-energy mechanism from March 14, 2020 (on the day that the Spanish government declared a state of national alarm due to COVID-19 and the pandemic surpassed 2,000 patients and 50 deaths from COVID-19 in Spain) until April 4, 2020, with a minimum of 10 days of follow-up. cache = ./cache/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282526-b8tky324 author = Berger Gillam, T. title = Norwich COVID-19 Testing Initiative: feasibility project evaluation date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2799 sentences = 188 flesch = 57 summary = This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up to all staff and students. The study offered four COVID-19 PCR swabs to all staff and students on the site over a twoweek period, with the aim of piloting communications, logistics and laboratory processes, and assessing participant acceptability in preparation for larger-scale testing. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455 doi: medRxiv preprint 3 After the completion of the feasibility project, participants who had returned at least one swab were emailed a link to complete a short online participant feedback questionnaire, including questions on demographics and their experience of the project. A strength of this study is that it trialled the feasibility of repeat testing for COVID-19 in a relatively large, asymptomatic population within a research park and university campus. cache = ./cache/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282620-nv2tg68j author = Hinz, S. title = Internet-based tool for visualizing county and state level COVID-19 trends in the United States. date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1655 sentences = 115 flesch = 64 summary = We developed an interactive web application that allows users to visualize the spread of COVID-19 in the Unites States at state and county levels. In order to track and visualize the spread of coronavirus disease and evaluate trends in response to state government interventions in the United States, we developed an automatically updating Shiny application. This application enables users to view trends in numbers of verified COVID-19 infections and deaths as reported by county health departments across the United States. Additionally, we allow for users to filter the data based on previous dates, as well as normalize the number of confirmed infections or deaths by a state or county's population (per 100K residents). The tool reports confirmed COVID-19 infections and deaths at the state and county level and is automatically updated daily. The interactive map of the US allows users to visualize the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 infections (Figure 1 ) with plots for summary statistics, data transformations, and trends for the US. cache = ./cache/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282513-hbqo5ylv author = Park, Hyunbong title = Mental Healthcare Policies in South Korea during the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 67 flesch = 45 summary = Patients who are diagnosed with being infected by a new virus experience mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress during hospitalization or quarantine [3] . Second, in February 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the National Center for Disaster Trauma organized an integrated psychological support group composed of national and local mental health welfare centers, and conducted preemptive interventions to reduce the mental distress of the people. In addition, when identified as part of a high-risk group for suicide, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, or physical symptoms, it links individuals to specialized medical institutions for proper treatment. In addition, the management of the mental health of local residents in cities such as Daegu, which has a high rate of infection with high levels of anxiety and depression, and medical staff at the forefront of treating infectious diseases, needs to be customized. cache = ./cache/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author = Carsana, Luca title = Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3429 sentences = 160 flesch = 41 summary = [6] [7] [8] [9] We describe the lung histopathological findings from a large series of patients who died from COVID-19 in northern Italy, with the aim of reporting the main micro scopic pulmonary lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory failure. To our knowledge, these data represent the first relevant provisional information regarding tissue damage specifically induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the previously described diffuse alveolar damage, a feature that characterises interstitial pneumonia regardless of infectious agent. 3, 4, 11, 14 In two autopsy studies of patients who died from SARS (eight cases from Singapore 11 and 20 cases from Toronto), 3 the predominant pattern of lung injury was diffuse alveolar damage, including the exudative and proliferative phases. In a case report of a patient who died from COVID-19 in China, the histological findings in the lungs included desquamation of pneumocytes, diffuse alveolar damage, and oedema. cache = ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282730-pawasfh4 author = Contreras, Carlo M. title = Telemedicine: Patient-Provider Clinical Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3568 sentences = 216 flesch = 45 summary = RESULTS: At many institutions, the number of telemedicine visits dramatically increased within days following the institution of novel coronavirus pandemic restrictions on in-person clinical encounters. To minimize interruption of crucial clinical services and the associated revenue, a rapid transition from in-person outpatient visits to telemedicine encounters was implemented by many academic medical centers and adopted by surgery departments throughout the country. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sought to decrease in-person medical visits by issuing a temporary and emergency relaxation of telemedicine rules via the 1135 waiver and the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. Enacted on March 6, 2020, this act allowed Original Medicare enrollees the same telemedicine benefits that had been extended to Medicare Advantage enrollees in January 2020. In addition, on March 13, 2020 the FCC funded the Rural Health Care Program that aims to make telemedicine services available to geographically remote patients. cache = ./cache/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282589-xof56j98 author = Lopes, M. I. F. title = Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3972 sentences = 200 flesch = 53 summary = We present the interim analysis of a single-center randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of colchicine for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19, with 38 patients allocated 1:1 from April 11 to July 06, 2020. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial to evaluate the use of colchicine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. As secondary endpoints we assessed clinical and laboratory parameters: measures of serum CRP, serum LDH and relation neutrophil to lymphocyte of peripheral blood samples from day zero to day 7; the number, type, and severity of adverse events; frequency of interruption of the study protocol due to adverse events; and frequency of QT interval above 450 ms. Patients who received colchicine in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial presented better evolution in terms of the need for supplemental oxygen and the length of hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282687-483ojkbb author = Purcino, Flávia Abranches Corsetti title = Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1821 sentences = 107 flesch = 44 summary = title: Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment Patients categorized as Priority C have stable conditions for which action can be delayed for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including routine screening with mammogram, MRI, or breast ultrasound; excision of benign nodules; duct excision; follow-up of discordant biopsies likely to be benign; treatment of high-risk lesions/atypia/papilloma; or prophylactic surgery. Some national specialty societies have also set forth their recommendations on the management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (13) considered the impact on prognosis when recommending surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary Recommendations for prioritization, treatment, and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282737-xa4ct4lf author = Müller, Simon M. title = National Publication Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Preliminary Exploratory Analysis of the 30 Countries Most Affected date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3286 sentences = 152 flesch = 46 summary = Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study we compared and correlated 17 epidemiologic, health care system-related and health-economic factors from medical databases and intergovernmental organisations potentially influencing the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 publication productivity between 1 January and 30 April 2020 amongst the 30 countries most severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, we compared and correlated factors (Table 1) potentially influencing the COVID-19-related publication productivity between 1 January and 30 April 2020 amongst the 30 countries most severely affected by the pandemic. Our results indicate that the COVID-19 publication rate of the 30 countries most affected by the SARS-Cov2 pandemic by the end of April 2020 correlates positively with epidemiological factors (COVID-19 cases per capita, case fatality rate), health care system-relevant (number of physicians HAQ Index, Global Health Security Index) and economic factors (health care expenditure per capita, gross domestic product (GDP)), and, additionally, with the publication expertise (pre-COVID-19 H-index, COVID-19 trial database). cache = ./cache/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282736-1sc19r5m author = Marengoni, Alessandra title = The impact of delirium on outcomes for older adults hospitalised with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1898 sentences = 94 flesch = 40 summary = The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of delirium in older patients admitted for a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 and its impact on in-hospital mortality. During the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic, delirium was directly assessed by two geriatricians of the hospital ward who visited the patients at least twice per day, by means of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM V) criteria [11] . Delirium is a common condition in older people admitted for COVID-19 and is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality independently of pre-existing individual characteristics and measures of infectious disease severity. In our study in-hospital mortality was extremely high in patients with SARS-COV-2 with (72%) and without delirium (31.8%), but the odd of dying in patients with COVID-19 and delirium was four times higher compared to those without delirium, even after adjusting for possible predisposing factors, such as multimorbidity and frailty, and the severity of the infectious disease at hospital admission, measured by means of peripheral oxygen saturation. cache = ./cache/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282732-qym6wji7 author = McLaughlin, Katie-May title = COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy—Is Transferrin a Missing Link? date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 164 flesch = 46 summary = To identify gene products that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we analyzed the expression of genes associated with the Gene Ontology (GO) term "blood coagulation" in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and identified four procoagulants, whose expression is higher in males and increases with age (ADAMTS13, F11, HGFAC, KLKB1), and two anticoagulants, whose expression is higher in females and decreases with age (C1QTNF1, SERPINA5). Thus, gene products that (1) are involved in coagulation, (2) change with age, (3) differ in their levels between females and males, and (4) are regulated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection represent candidate factors that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and disease severity. To identify such candidate factors that may be involved in COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we here performed a combined analysis of a proteomics dataset derived from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells [10] , of a dataset of host cell proteins found to bind to SARS-CoV-2 proteins [11] , and of human gene expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282675-s4zmffj3 author = Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title = Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6922 sentences = 366 flesch = 50 summary = title: Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali Mental health in ARCAD Santé PLUS's CHW in Mali seemed to be associated with uncertainty about COVID-19 at the beginning of the outbreak, as suggested by the relationship between the (un)availability of face masks and insomnia, depression, and anxiety. The relationship discovered between the density of nurses in HIV care services and workers' psychological outcomes not only highlights areas for improvement in the management of mental health among ARCAD Santé PLUS's HCW during the current COVID-19 outbreak, but also provides insight into how these workers' performance in HIV-related care could be improved in the short and long terms. cache = ./cache/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282753-uw3r6q45 author = Goldberg-Stein, Shlomit title = Abdominopelvic CT findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 183 flesch = 39 summary = The goal of this study was to quantify the frequency of positive findings on abdominopelvic CT in COVID-positive patients, and to identify clinical factors associated with positive findings to assist with imaging triage. Younger age, male gender, and lower hemoglobin were associated with higher odds of having reportable positive abdominopelvic CT findings. A single recent preliminary report on abdominopelvic imaging findings in COVID-positive patients revealed a pattern of bowel wall thickening and fluid-filled colon in 31% of CTs, indicative/suggestive of diarrhea [10] . Our report further supports this concept noting that lung parenchymal findings may indeed be the only indication of COVID-19 infection on abdominopelvic CT in patients presenting with abdominal symptoms. In our study, the frequency of abdominal pain as the exam clinical indication was higher in patients with no reported positive abdominopelvic findings. Conversely, a prospective case-control US-based study demonstrated that male sex was independently associated with a positive COVID test in patients presenting with GI symptoms [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282780-34j7gquo author = Lai, Kevin E. title = Tele-Neuro-Ophthalmology During the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6297 sentences = 292 flesch = 46 summary = In addition, a physician can use phone visits to triage visual symptoms with a normal dilated eye examination by another provider or discuss medication compliance and tolerance, neuroimaging findings, and laboratory test results. Before COVID-19, a telemedicine visit might follow an initial in-person visit: the patient could complete local visual field testing, fundus photographs, OCT, and/or MRI, and then review the results with the neuro-ophthalmologist over phone or video as the case history is discussed. Patients who have Apple iPhone 7 Plus or who do not have an assistant available can use "Vision@home," an online test validated for both near (40 cm) and distance (2 m, assistant needed) visual acuities that is accessible free on their phone browser at www.visionathome.com.au (9) . Conceptually, technological privacy and security refer to how the user (doctor-patient), the company providing the platform (e.g., Zoom and Google), and everyone else on the internet (external parties) relate to each other (see Supplemental Digital Content 15, Figure E8 , http://links.lww. cache = ./cache/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282862-kve6fa49 author = Pastick, Katelyn A title = A Systematic Review of Treatment and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 – A Call for Clinical Trials date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3313 sentences = 206 flesch = 47 summary = Clinicaltrials.gov was searched for relevant studies, using the preprogrammed search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," "2019 novel coronavirus," and "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2." Inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined to determine whether pregnant and/or breastfeeding patients were excluded from the study. Of the actively ongoing interventional clinical trials investigating the use of a drug (including dietary supplements and biologic agents) that did not report the exclusion of pregnant or breastfeeding women, the first author contacted study personnel for each of these studies by email to discern whether or not pregnant or breastfeeding women were eligible to be enrolled. Despite available safety data in pregnancy for hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, we were surprised to find 68% and 80% of the respective clinical trials had excluded pregnant or breastfeeding persons. Our review of the literature was timely and is the first study (to our knowledge) to systematically examine and compile the available data related to treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy and related clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282825-svgknqud author = Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere title = COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1745 sentences = 108 flesch = 41 summary = This is a brief report of a patient who has refractory Myasthenia Gravis, on multiple long-term immunosuppressive therapies and contracted COVID-19 during this 2020 pandemic. This case report describes myasthenic patient who was infected COVID-19 and recovered without myasthenic crisis/exacerbation, and no COVID-19 complications despite chronic immunomodulatory therapy. MG is treatable with immunomodulation from long-term immunosuppressive drugs, IV immunoglobulin (IVIg), and plasmapheresis [1] [2] [3] In approximately 15% of patients, severe weakness of respiratory muscles causes restrictive respiratory failure (ie, myasthenic crisis), a true neurologic emergency that requires prompt treatment in an intensive care setting [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . In the recent global pandemic from novel coronavirus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV2), myasthenic patients can be considered high risk in case of chronic immunosuppression and in case of respiratory muscle weakness [11] [12] [13] [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282814-wnc9iql3 author = Armstrong, A. title = A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 116 flesch = 57 summary = title: A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust. We are living through unprecedented times; unexpected by the world and bearing huge impact for the National Health Service (NHS), which has to adapt and redefine itself in response to the continually evolving Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As a large department we are expected to support the acute specialties, urgently rationalise care, reduce patient footfall and design a new working pattern that protects both staff and the public. To help free-up plastic surgeons, public information and advice was disseminated via the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) Voice social media pages, warning self-isolating patients of the risks of DIY and other avoidable injuries at home. cache = ./cache/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author = Moore, Jason H. title = Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7588 sentences = 315 flesch = 33 summary = Some key considerations and targets of research include: (1) feature engineering, transforming raw data into features (i.e. variables) that ML can better utilize to represent the problem/target outcome, (2) feature selection, applying expert domain knowledge, statistical methods, and/or ML methods to remove 'irrelevant' features from consideration and improve downstream modeling, (3) data harmonization, allowing for the integration of data collected at different sites/institutions, (4) handling different outcomes and related challenges, e.g. binary classification, multi-class, quantitative phenotypes, class imbalance, temporal data, multi-labeled data, censored data, and the use of appropriate evaluation metrics, (5) ML algorithm selection for a given problem can be a challenge in itself, thus strategies to integrate the predictions of multiple machine learners as an ensemble are likely to be important, (6) ML modeling pipeline assembly, including critical considerations such as hyper-parameter optimization, accounting for overfitting, and clinical interpretability of trained models, and (7) considering and accounting for covariates as well as sources of bias in data collection, study design, and application of ML tools in order to avoid drawing conclusions based on spurious correlations. cache = ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282726-deisqgmw author = Bashir, Mohamad title = Cardiovascular Disease and Surgery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1063 sentences = 63 flesch = 53 summary = Our knowledge of COVID-19 is still evolving rapidly, and this review aims to discuss the 14 healthcare impact sieved from the whole spectrum of this pandemic and focused on vascular 15 disease and surgery, implication on health economics, strategic assessment and future outlooks 16 for this prevailing situation. It reflects on limited measures taken to hat progression of disease 17 within the health sector and the potential effect that this virus might have in the future. There is no current study to delineate the structural changes that coronavirus can impact our 9 population cohort and give if any will be in the future. The Incubation Period 6 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation 7 and Application Clinical features of patients infected 15 with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 5 2019: retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282867-kbyxdegu author = Shah, Sayed Zulfiqar Ali title = Scaling the Need, Benefits, and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Acute and Postacute Care Rehabilitation: A Review date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4542 sentences = 247 flesch = 39 summary = The main aim of this study is to review and summarize the evidence regarding the supportive role of physical rehabilitation techniques in managing COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In this review, we also emphasize the use of rehabilitation techniques in the management of pneumonia in COVID-19-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence regarding the supportive role of treatment options available in physical rehabilitation to manage COVID-19 pneumonia effectively. Evidence strongly supports that many rehabilitation techniques including chest physiotherapy and physical therapy modalities can be of great support to manage COVID-19-associated pneumonia [9, 10] . Common problems identified in COVID-19 patients that could be managed by rehabilitation specialists in the postacute phase include musculoskeletal pain, joint pain, reduced range of motion, muscular weakness, neuropathy and myopathy, pulmonary dysfunction, dysphagia, dyspnea, confusion, and impaired activities of daily living. cache = ./cache/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282925-efkb8hc7 author = Braidotti, R. title = “We” Are In This Together, But We Are Not One and the Same date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3276 sentences = 156 flesch = 50 summary = There is so much that we need to both embrace and resist: the wave of collective and personal despair at the loss of lives, the hardship of the socio-economic consequences of this man-made disaster, the awareness of all that was wrong with the old world and which has now become manifest. The power of viral formations has become manifest in the pandemic, stressing the agency of non-human forces and the overall importance of Gaia as a living, symbiotic planet. Fifth insight: feminist theory is of great assistance to think equality with difference, multiple belongings and power rifts, because it stresses the embodied, embedded, and sexed roots of all material entities, humans included, and their unexplored resources. This transformative energy is the core of affirmative ethics, which stresses the inexhaustible potential of all living organisms-humans and non-humans-to generate multiple and yet unexplored interconnections. cache = ./cache/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282721-bxg9zqyu author = Bandyopadhyay, G. title = Let us unite against COVID-19 – a New Zealand perspective date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2180 sentences = 130 flesch = 54 summary = In comparison to other countries, New Zealand has had a very low number of confirmed and probable cases as well as COVID-19-related deaths. On 21 March, a four-level COVID-19 alert system was introduced to specify public health and social measures to progressively move the country through phases to prepare, reduce, restrict and lockdown (New Zealand Government, 2020b). A three-month Epidemic Notice was declared on the same day as a public policy tool to help government agencies to act swiftly and effectively in a rapidly evolving crisis situation (Ministry of Health New Zealand, 2020b). Regardless, a surge of mental health presentations in children is expected as New Zealand exits level 4 lockdown. New Zealand has only just emerged from 33 days of alert level 4 lockdown where all non-essential services were closed. As COVID-19 has emerged in New Zealand, health care providers have had to adapt their patient consultation style. cache = ./cache/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282899-kp114q7n author = Biswas, Saurav title = Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2501 sentences = 138 flesch = 38 summary = Considering the above facts and recent unusual reports, a hypothesis develops for the blood clots formation in the COVID-19 patients (Figure 1) , states that "Due to an internal injury in the endothelium of blood vessels, either directly by SARS-CoV-2 infection (coexpression and binding of the spike protein with the ACE2) or my virus-mediated inflammatory immune response, may result in vasoconstriction and the activation of coagulation and blood clotting pathways, resulting in the formation of blood clots". During COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 enters into the systemic circulation and binds with the ACE2 expressing endothelial cells (endothelium) lining the blood vessels. SO, in COVID-19 patients, the SARS-CoV-2 mediated endothelial inflammation, thrombin generation, platelet, and leukocyte recruitment, complement activation, and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses, forming clots, culminate in immunothrombosis, ultimately resulting in thrombotic complications, stroke, and finally death. cache = ./cache/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282927-jhma20de author = Mondal, Chittaranjan title = Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3034 sentences = 245 flesch = 63 summary = A case study with the Indian Covid-19 epidemic data is presented to visualize and illustrate the effects of lockdown, maintaining personal hygiene & safe distancing, and repurposing drugs. It is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs though containment of spreading is difficult without serious community participation. A simple iteration model, which uses only daily 100 values of confirmed cases, was considered to forecast the covid positive cases for the United States, Slovenia, Iran, In this paper, we have proposed a minimal epidemic model to capture the dynamics of observed data of detecting, 108 recovered and death cases of any Covid-19 affected country. Through a case study, it is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through 118 the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs and it is true for any other country. cache = ./cache/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282913-sw4enfkk author = Jain, Parul title = Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 493 sentences = 41 flesch = 59 summary = title: Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers To the Editor: We report two neonates born to coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive women. Baby's COVID-19 RT PCR was sent at 18 h of life and was negative. Another extramural term male neonate was delivered to a COVID-19 positive mother by C-section due to fetal distress and meconium stained liquor. However, two authors reported positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to COVID-19 positive mother [5, 6] . in a preterm neonate born to COVID-19 positive mother [6] . In both the cases, it remains unknown whether events could be attributed to COVID-19 positive status of the mother or are manifestations of neonatal disease. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282964-dmc8mlxu author = Wathore, Roshan title = Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3366 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through airand water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Finally, this study outlines probable air and water borne routes and suggest a way forward highlighting the need for investigating the effect of particulate matter characteristics on survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the prominent presence of PM in ambient, spaces, and on the surfaces. cache = ./cache/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283059-lq0pqmcv author = Schwarzkopf, Ran title = The Response of An Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1943 sentences = 101 flesch = 57 summary = As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff's assignments to help both with the institution's efforts and our patients' needs, from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. Each surgeon worked with his staff to reach out to their patients that had scheduled surgery dates 155 and discuss the current situation, answer questions and help decrease anxiety. At the graduate medical education (GME) level, NYU initially sought to minimize house staff 165 involvement with COVID patients by creating new non-teaching pulmonology and critical care 166 teams in the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282956-f7if9e5q author = Yaghi, Shadi title = SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 151 flesch = 40 summary = BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and April 19, 2020, within a major health system in New York, the current global epicenter of the pandemic. In this multi-ethnic study, we report key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who develop ischemic stroke associated with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The observed rate of imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of 0.9% was lower compared with prior reports from Chinese COVID-19 studies. cache = ./cache/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283048-hyjzofps author = Steele, Edward J. title = Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7531 sentences = 360 flesch = 57 summary = The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. 5-7, particularly the symmetrical pattern in Fig. 7 it actually looks like a huge viral bomb explosion took place near or over Wuhan and then the radial fall-out of the disease causing viral particles to land on the millions of people either laterally or from above-some of those infected would be susceptible and who then have succumbed to the respiratory illness (in Appendix A, in relation to the expected fall of viruses through the stratosphere is an analysis by way of quantitative analogy, of the expectation of radioactive fall-out patterns from an atmospheric nuclear test in 1958). cache = ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282990-qb4wk4yb author = Chen, Zhuo title = Safety considerations in the bioanalytical laboratories handling specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 patients date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1971 sentences = 113 flesch = 48 summary = Since blood specimen is one of the most commonly analyzed sample types, viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in blood is a key issue for laboratory biosafety. Besides the above three studies, other recently published papers also demonstrated that the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood from COVID-19 patients were generally low as: five of 48 (10%) [1] , two of 9 (22%) [2] and six of 41 (15%) [3] . Despite the relatively low SARS-CoV-2 viral load detected in the blood and urine of COVID-19 patients, scientists have yet to draw conclusions about the infectivity of these specimens. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued the interim laboratory biosafety guidelines for handling COVID-19 specimens, which recommends virus inactivation prior to sample processing to reduce the risk of infection [10] . Nevertheless, only the protocol of heating at 92 • C for 15 min completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens with much higher viral load. cache = ./cache/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283099-nhz3pye2 author = Wang, Xue title = Unprotected mothers and infants breastfeeding in public amenities during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2355 sentences = 129 flesch = 53 summary = Here we outline the common issues in the current design of lactation facilities and the use of other public amenities by breastfeeding mothers, as a timely reminder on the potential risks to breastfeeding mothers and unprotected infants during the current pandemic ( Fig. 1) . Overall, breastfeeding appears to be a good practice to maintain the health and reduce the risks for infants during the current pandemic, yet there is a need for sufficient lactation rooms in the public space. The number of lactation rooms have increased in the public space, yet many issues remain to be solved, such as inadequate area, location near toilets, poor ventilation and lack of air temperature control The COVID-19 episode has also accentuated the risk induced by poor ventilation. In light of the known risks of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19, breastfeeding in public toilets is not recommended during the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282982-dc5m81bx author = Rouillard, Smita title = COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2861 sentences = 117 flesch = 31 summary = 1 Given varying degrees of mitigation and suppression may persist for 1-2 years, there is a critical need for pragmatic approaches for reopening procedural and surgical units, addressing backlogs, and establishing standards of care which balance patient risk and benefit, while maintaining the procedural volumes needed for patient care during this time of ongoing disease control measures. At Kaiser Permanente in Northern California (KPNC), a Kaiser Permanente region serving 4.5 million members, early surges of COVID-19 inpatients in two medical centers led to regional mitigation/suppression measures and the rapid cancellation of elective procedures/surgeries throughout our 21 hospital system in March 2020, aligned with recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gastrointestinal specialty societies, and the American College of Surgery. We will initially focus on prioritizing procedures among patients with high medical urgency/likely benefit (based on internal expert opinion, gastrointestinal society guidelines, and the ACS "Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care" 20 ) and low COVID-19 and procedural-risk. cache = ./cache/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283173-s3nb11je author = Osman, Jennifer title = Rapid screening of COVID‐19 patients by White blood cells scattergrams, a study on 381 patients date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1383 sentences = 97 flesch = 49 summary = We identified a specific "sandglass" aspect on the white blood cells scattergram of COVID‐19 patients reflecting the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes. CBC analyzers such as SYSMEX ® (Japan), provide a white blood cells (WBC) differential fluorescence (WDF) scattergram, displaying a classification of WBC based on their morphology and their intracellular components. Patients admitted at Versailles Hospital suspected of having COVID-19 were eligible if symptoms were present for 3 or more days and if RT-PCR and a chest CT were performed (Supplementary This observation was reinforced by the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes on blood smears from patients with COVID-19 whereas large hyperbasophilic lymphocytes, normally seen in other viral infections, were absent Complete characteristics of patients are reported in Table 1 . Based on this retrospective study, we conclude that WDF analysis can be implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to quickly categorize symptomatic patients as either COVID-19 probable or improbable, depending on the presence of the plasmacytoid lymphocytes cluster on their scattergram. cache = ./cache/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283037-hykf28oi author = Ortmann, Regina title = COVID-19 and investor behavior() date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2600 sentences = 152 flesch = 57 summary = We use transaction-level trading data to show that investors significantly increase their trading activities as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, both at the extensive and at the intensive margin. We investigate trading patterns and financial risk-taking of a large sample of retail investors based on their individual trading records during the outbreak of COVID-19. first deposits denotes the number of deposits by investors who opened a new account on a given day, divided by the average first deposits prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. Figure 2 (b) shows a decline in leverage-usage across asset classes between February 23 and March 23, that is most pronounced following the drop of the Dow. Panel (c) shows an increase in short-selling using CFDs on stocks, but no clear trend across other asset classes. Model 2 shows that the trading intensity increased by 222%, compared to the average trading before the pandemic, following the 9.99%-drop of the Dow on March 12, which is largely driven by the spike in cryptocurrency trading (untabulated). cache = ./cache/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283196-laerx0n2 author = Bedford, Juliet title = Living with the COVID-19 pandemic: act now with the tools we have date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1695 sentences = 81 flesch = 40 summary = The Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards (STAG-IH), the independent advisory group to the WHO Health Emergencies Programme, has reviewed information from countries around the world and has concluded that the most sound approach on the basis of current understanding is to deploy long-term strategies with a focus on preventing amplification of transmission, protecting those most at risk of severe illness, and supporting research to better understand the virus, the disease, and people's responses to them. 2 This approach is based on three principles: understanding, trust, and participation by all population groups; decreased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using basic epidemiological and public health interventions; and acknowledging that any potential COVID-19 vaccines and treatments will only be part of the solution and that they will best perform in conjunction with a longterm overall public health strategy. With current knowledge, even in the absence of COVID-19 vaccines or treatments and comprehensive knowledge of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, countries can navigate pathways to reduced transmission, decreased severe illness and mortality, and less economic disruption in the short and longer term. cache = ./cache/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283052-x9tek77a author = Stramare, Roberto title = Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1726 sentences = 73 flesch = 42 summary = To optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. To face this challenge and in particular to optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. Obviously, all patients who require an urgent CT scan but cannot be transported to any of the two assigned CTs (i.e., mobile CT for confirmed cases, CT of the academic unit for suspected patients) are examined in the nearest radiological unit and afterwards the CT room is carefully cleaned and disinfected [5] . All suspect COVID-19 patients requiring an urgent CT are scanned with the device of the academic radiological unit (i.e., represented in orange). cache = ./cache/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author = Koh, David title = Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3389 sentences = 204 flesch = 58 summary = Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. coronavirus, COVID-19, health care, occupational health, outbreaks, public health, SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and over 62 000 deaths spread over 200 countries and territories. cache = ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282868-yd7pzcbz author = Shelmerdine, Susan C. title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5694 sentences = 299 flesch = 49 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar) for articles describing imaging findings in children with COVID-19. Whilst several systematic reviews of imaging findings in COVID-19 cases have been performed for adults [7, 8] , none has specifically focused on children. Inclusion criteria encompassed all studies investigating and describing imaging findings of confirmed COVID-19 infection in children, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. The same two reviewers (S.C.S., S.T.) independently extracted data from the full articles into a database (Excel; Microsoft, Redmond, WA), which included the following factors: study design, study setting/country, population demographics (e.g., gender, age, underlying comorbidities), sample size, patient outcomes (number of mortalities), imaging modality and imaging findings (pattern and location of involvement of disease) and results of any follow-up imaging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings cache = ./cache/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283120-hyzk59qv author = Sharma, Ashish title = Liver disease and outcomes among COVID-19 hospitalized patients- a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2630 sentences = 157 flesch = 48 summary = In this meta-analysis, we aim to study the occurrence and association of liver injury, comorbid liver disease and elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 confirmed hospitalizations with outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from observational studies describing comorbid chronic liver disease, acute liver injury, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 was extracted following PRISMA guidelines. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of the comorbid chronic liver disease (CM-CLD), elevated liver enzymes and COVID-19 associated acute liver injury (COVID-19 ALI) in predicting the outcomes in confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals to describe the association of comorbid liver disease, elevated liver enzymes, acute liver injury and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in each study. cache = ./cache/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282963-p04c5nn7 author = Oliveros, Estefania title = Rapid Deterioration of Hospital-Acquired COVID-19 in a Patient on Extracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Support date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1063 sentences = 74 flesch = 46 summary = DESIGN: : We present a unique case report of hospital-acquired COVID-19 in a patient on temporary mechanical circulatory support. Emphasize the importance of early advanced care planning in patients with heart failure and COVID-19 3. Over the course of 2 hours the patient developed severe hypoxemia with oxygen saturations of 70%, followed by hypotension and low flows through the Centrimag®. While predictors of rapid disease progression have yet to be elucidated, early trends of inflammatory markers may be helpful to risk stratify COVID-19 patients and identify those who are likely to become critically ill (1). Presently broad testing of asymptomatic patients and HCW for COVID-19 is not available but may have impacted disease transmission in this case. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients. Clinical Pathology of Critical Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283175-kh2rm2ir author = Roma, Paolo title = How to Improve Compliance with Protective Health Measures during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7557 sentences = 335 flesch = 38 summary = Perceived efficacy has been studied in relation to a variety of general health measures, including engaging in physical activity, receiving vaccinations, and complying with medical treatment among psychiatric outpatients [11] [12] [13] ; the literature suggests that it is a key determinant for compliance with preventive health behaviors and that "only when a person feels that the recommended behavior is likely to lead to the desired outcome will adoption of the recommendations occur" ( [14] , p. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282839-3ii79g6j author = Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J. title = Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10245 sentences = 560 flesch = 37 summary = Thus, it seems clear that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the proinflammatory profile caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and other mechanisms over-activated in aging and in metabolic diseases. It seems clear that, mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the low-grade inflammatory profile associated with this disease that is aggravated during aging and has been associated with higher severity in COVID-19 infection. Mediterranean diet, rich in plant foods, is associated with reduced risk of developing age-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related chronic diseases by inducing protection against oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial activity that could be the cause of a reduced inflammation level (Tosti et al., 2018) . Mitochondrial dysfunction releases many damage signals to cytosol that end in the activation of inflammasome and the release of inflammatory cytokines that cause the chronic inflammation associated with aging and age-related diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283093-9kz7387z author = Quaife, Matthew title = The impact of COVID-19 control measures on social contacts and transmission in Kenyan informal settlements date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5613 sentences = 273 flesch = 52 summary = In this study, we collect contact data from residents of informal settlements around Nairobi, Kenya, to assess if control measures have changed contact patterns, and estimate the impact of changes on the basic reproduction number (R(0)). Respondents were asked to report all direct physical and non-physical contacts made the previous day, alongside a questionnaire asking about the social and economic impact of COVID-19 and control measures. Although one social mixing study was conducted in Kilifi, a coastal area of Kenya [21] , outside of one study which collected data from a South African township [16] , no published contact data exist from informal settlements, which may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to high levels of population density, indoor crowding, and household sizes, alongside intergenerational mixing within the household. cache = ./cache/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283177-qwinggg4 author = Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title = Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2890 sentences = 160 flesch = 56 summary = title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. From late March 2020, our department of psychiatry began offering support group and individual video-conference sessions to help our frontline attending physicians, resident physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals, and students. We estimate that about 40 attending physicians, 40 residents, and 50 nurses, all frontline healthcare professionals, have participated in the group sessions, and 57 people have used the individual sessions. cache = ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282958-9bi6pobg author = Ganem, Fabiana title = The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1678 sentences = 103 flesch = 55 summary = To tackle the spread of disease, a range of interventions have been implemented in China, including increasing test capacity, rapid isolation of suspected and confirmed cases and their contacts, social distancing measures, as well as restricting mobility (6) . The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil was on February 26th in the city of São Paulo and, since March 17th, the state of São Paulo has recommended a series of social distancing measures. Considering the significant expected burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmacological interventions are necessary to flatten the epidemic curve and prepare the public response to the shortage of ICU beds and healthcare workers needed to treat critically ill patients (4). We evaluated the impact of early social distancing measures in the transmission of COVID-19 in the SPMA, and projected the number of ICU beds necessary for COVID-19 patients in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283138-18q23z8l author = Balasubramanian, S. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3464 sentences = 205 flesch = 44 summary = Pediatric coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is relatively mild when compared to adults, and children are reported to have a better prognosis. Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. It remains unclear why children and young adults are less severely affected than older individuals, but this might involve differences in immune system function in the elderly and/or differences in the expression/function of the cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This review additionally considers COVID-19 in immunosuppressed children, and also suggests a management algorithm for the few children who appear to present with life threatening infection, including the potential use of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. Asymptomatic, mild and moderate infections comprise over 90% of all children who have tested positive for COVID-19 with fewer severe and critical cases (5.9%) compared to adults (18.5%) [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283152-wav0d0ws author = Patel, Sanjay K. S. title = Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3094 sentences = 166 flesch = 50 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has emerged as a major threat to human existence. The emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, renamed as COVID19) in 2019 from Wuhan, China has led to a global crisis and it has been declared as a pandemic emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) due to its fast rate of transmission among human beings [1, 2] . Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of genetically distinct viruses, which originated from broad ranges of hosts, including animal and bird species, and primarily cause respiratory and intestinal infections to humans and animals [1, [5] [6] [7] [8] . Transmission of COVID-19 possibly involved an adaptive evolution through an intermediate host (bat) before infecting humans. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective cache = ./cache/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283221-y9m4n0de author = Ohara, Nobuyuki title = Stroke Systems of Care during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Kobe City date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2511 sentences = 104 flesch = 50 summary = In the present study, we examined the provision of stroke care in Kobe City during the COVID-19 epidemic, where some major stroke centers ceased to provide emergency care. Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported on March 3, 2020, in Kobe City, many patients with severe disease were admitted to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital (KCGH), a designated infectious disease facility and a major PSC. When they ceased to provide emergency services, the Kobe Stroke Network launched a series of online meetings among PSC directors to monitor the functioning of the stroke care system in the city, provide consistent messaging to the public, and to continually survey the number of stroke patients treated at each PSC (including treatment type) between March 1 and May 23, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283259-cmim32lx author = Thombs, Brett D. title = Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2052 sentences = 86 flesch = 43 summary = A February 2020 review [2] identified 24 studies from previous infectious disease outbreaks on psychological outcomes among people quarantined after being exposed to others who had been infected, including studies from severe acute respiratory syndrome in mainland There are important limitations, however, that reduce our ability to easily apply that evidence to decision-making in COVID-19; among them, (1) few studies used validated mental health outcome measures; To this end, in partnership with the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, we are launching a living systematic review [7] to evaluate (1) levels of mental health symptoms, prioritizing studies that assess changes in symptoms from pre-COVID-19 or compare concurrent samples between participants with different experiences with COVID-19 (e.g., those infected versus healthy comparison sample); (2) factors associated with levels or changes in symptoms during COVID-19, and (3) the effect of interventions on mental health symptoms during COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283267-72wrzw09 author = Moores, Lisa K. title = Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8241 sentences = 474 flesch = 40 summary = The recognition of the coagulopathy with COVID-19, and the early evidence that suggests that thrombosis in these patients is higher than that seen in similarly ill hospitalized patients with other respiratory infections has led to the urgent need for practical guidance regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE. 19 Pooled risk estimates for benefits and harms of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in critically ill medical patients without COVID-19 differ across meta-analyses, 19, 22, 46 but practice guidelines consistently recommend anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis with LMWH (or unfractionated heparin [UFH]) over no such therapy. Our literature search did not identify any randomized trials assessing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the treatment of acute VTE in hospitalized or critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our literature search did not identify any randomized trials or prospective cohort studies assessing the efficacy or safety of any thrombolytic therapies for the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 without objective evidence of VTE and VTE-associated hypotension. cache = ./cache/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283208-uetq1p1n author = Castellano, Giuseppe title = Treatment of COVID-19 atypical pneumonia by early Tocilizumab administration in “non-critically-ill” patients on hemodialysis date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1368 sentences = 71 flesch = 41 summary = Fever immediately remitted and lymphocyte and monocyte counts, CRP and LDH progressively normalized ( Fig. 2a-d) ; O2 therapy was discontinued 10 days after Tocilizumab with improvement of the atypical pneumonia ( Fig. 2e-f) . Furthermore, patients were characterized by high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, a multi-functional During the first days of hospital admission the patient presented a progressive and rapid decrease in Lymphocyte and Monocyte blood count, associated with a significant increase in LDH and CRP blood levels (a). In agreement with our data, early Tocilizumab The administration of Tocilizumab at day 3 induced a progressive improvement of all the laboratory parameters.We found a progressive decrease in Lymphocyte (a) and Monocyte (b) blood count, associated with a significant increase in LDH (c) and CRP blood levels (d). cache = ./cache/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283367-azzy2t1a author = Rahman, Asma title = Neurological manifestations in COVID-19: A narrative review date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4426 sentences = 364 flesch = 54 summary = Some patients show neurological manifestations such as headache, dizziness, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral nerve and muscle symptoms and smell and taste impairment. Sarma and Bilello 41 1 Acute transverse myelitis A 28-year-old female patient with SARS-CoV-2 presenting lower back pain, bilateral symmetric upper, and lower extremity numbness. 50 None of the patients with post-COVID-19 GBS tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the CSF, 51 points to an immune mechanism such as inflammation secondary to a cytokine storm as a possible cause. During the COVID-19 pandemic, if a patient has neurological symptoms such as loss of the sense of smell and taste or delirium, testing for SARS-CoV-2 should be considered irrespective of them not having the other typical symptoms. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283376-6wolrfvk author = Yin, M. title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Pregnancy In China: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4109 sentences = 301 flesch = 56 summary = For this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed clinical records, laboratory findings, and chest CT scans from 31 pregnant women and 35 non-pregnant women from Jan 28 to Feb 28, 2020 to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. 4, [7] [8] [9] Although numerous studies have illuminated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of general population with COVID-19, 2, 8 little has been reported about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women. Considering that inflammatory cytokine storm was the main lethal factor of infectious pneumonia such as SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), 18-21 we compared the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and some inflammatory indices including NLR, LMR, PLR, SII, ANRI and APRI, in pregnant and non-pregnant patients ( author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. 12 However, we found a shorter interval from onset to hospitalization and severer COVID-19 in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283287-073r80s7 author = Farhoudian, Ali title = COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8134 sentences = 434 flesch = 44 summary = People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. cache = ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283065-c22zpwr8 author = Banerjee, Indrajit title = The changing pattern of COVID-19 in Nepal: A Global concern- A Narrative Review date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4715 sentences = 221 flesch = 66 summary = According to the latest WHO Nepal Situation Updates on COVID-19, the majority of the SARS-CoV-2 patients are male and the largest stake of these cases are in the cohort of 15-24 years, this is followed by the cohort of 25-34 years and 35-45 years respectively [13] . A combination of Keywords was used "COVID 19", OR " Coronavirus", OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Mortality" OR "Death" OR "Age " OR "World" OR "Global" AND "Nepal" Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria All of the research articles that were incorporated into the study were of the English language and was original research, published between January 25, 2020 and June 20, 2020; which focused on the age and the mortality of COVID-19 positive cases, and was focused on countries viz. cache = ./cache/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283246-dj7teo89 author = Otsuka, Ryo title = Macrophage activation syndrome and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3224 sentences = 177 flesch = 37 summary = Still, it is possible that the causative virus for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, infect with particular types of cells such as endothelial vessels in the lung, or alveolar wall or macrophages. MAS is typified by markedly upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is called "cytokine storm." Without any therapeutic intervention, this strong inflammation results in severe tissue injury and, ultimately, patient death. Thus, the commencement of local inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection activates macrophages at that site, spreading rapidly to the entire lung, possibly due to the abundant expression of virus entry receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 [36] . Severe cases of COVID-19 are often observed with ARDS, representing the MAS-like clinical and laboratory features. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in cache = ./cache/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283215-dgysimh5 author = Al-Jabir, Ahmed title = Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9055 sentences = 492 flesch = 43 summary = Prioritisation of surgical services during this pandemic must be a careful balance of patient needs and resource availability and the European Association of Urology Guidelines Office offer the following suggestions for factors that must be taken into account [3] Whilst there have been no publication of guidelines by any professional association for the management of stone surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some guidance published by Proietti et al [48] suggesting telephone triage of patients followed by prioritisation based on stone size and location, the presence of any obstructive uropathy, patient symptoms, presence of any stents or nephrostomy tubes and any other complicating factors such as renal failure or a solitary kidney. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283236-vko7qdqp author = Paliwal, Prakash R. title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hyperacute stroke treatment: experience from a comprehensive stroke centre in Singapore date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3674 sentences = 175 flesch = 51 summary = Amongst AIS patients that received acute recanalization therapy, early neurological outcomes in terms of change in median NIHSS at 24 h (-4 versus -4, p = 0.685) were largely similar between the preand during DORSCON orange periods. (1) The number of stroke activations showed significant decline during DORSCON orange and there was a negative linear correlation with exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in Singapore; (2) The proportion undergoing acute recanalization therapy remains stable; (3) A slight delay in door-to-activation and door-to-neurologist review time during DORSCON Orange period was observed which can be attributed to the additional time from screening potential COVID-19 suspects and donning of PPE, both of which are necessary infection control measures; (4) Other process efficiency timings and early neurological outcome measures remained similar. Similarly, our study reports a decline in number of stroke activations as the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic worsened in Singapore, however the proportion of patients receiving hyperacute interventions including EVT remained similar. cache = ./cache/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283409-ynwgdz52 author = Baggett, Travis P. title = Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1741 sentences = 111 flesch = 44 summary = INTERVENTIONS: We assessed daily symptom screening with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of screen-positives, universal PCR testing every 2 weeks, hospital-based COVID-19 care, alternate care sites [ACSs] for mild/moderate COVID-19, and temporary housing, each compared to no intervention. CONCLUSIONS & RELEVANCE: In this modeling study of simulated adults living in homeless shelters, daily symptom screening and ACSs were associated with fewer COVID-19 infections and decreased costs compared with no intervention. In addition, we provide details on the Clinical and Economic Analysis of COVID-19 interventions (CEACOV) model and management strategies for people experiencing sheltered homelessness. The effective magnitude of the transmission rate, however, changes over time as social interventions alter the daily average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals as well as the infectivity per contact. PCR-positive individuals with mild/moderate illness remain in temporary housing and are transferred to the hospital if they progress to severe or critical disease cache = ./cache/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283366-xwxg9991 author = He, Tian title = Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4974 sentences = 245 flesch = 42 summary = The ingredients (quercetin, formononetin, kaempferol, etc.,) from core herbs could modulate targets (PTGS2 (COX2), PTGS1 (COX1), IL6, CASP3, NOS2, and TNF, etc.), and thereby prevent the pharmacological and non-pharmacological renal injury comparable to that from COVID-19 infection. showed that the biological processes or pathways such as cytokine receptor binding, cytokine activity, receptor ligand activity, phosphatase binding, protein phosphatase binding, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, TNF pathway, IL17 pathway, MAPK pathway, and apoptosis pathway had high degree values, which may be the core mechanism to explain why the core herbs of CHM can be applied to the treatment of renal injury after COVID-19 infection. (Fig. 8) Osteoclast differentiation Combined with current clinical reports, the common causes of COVID-19-induced renal injury may be related to virus, immune system and drug, and its core mechanism is related to inflammation and apoptosis. cache = ./cache/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283260-9uo0hsst author = Sepúlveda-Vildósola, Ana Carolina title = Scientific Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1868 sentences = 97 flesch = 48 summary = México, México; E-mail: ana.sepulvedav@imss.gob.mx COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. The flaws of peer review, slow traditional publication times, and the urgent need to share information have led to the rise of Pre prints, (manuscripts submitted to publicly accessible repositories, which may or may not be later submitted to a formal Scientific Journal). COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. cache = ./cache/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283248-tdp9x821 author = Agarwal, Minu title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency CT head utilization in Ontario—an observational study of tertiary academic hospitals date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 157 flesch = 52 summary = PURPOSE: To determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads performed in the emergency department (ED) at Canadian tertiary academic centers in Ontario. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive CT head examinations ordered through the ED during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (March 12–April 8, 2020) was performed and compared with that during the pre-COVID-19 period (February 12–March 10, 2020). CONCLUSION: The decreased volume of emergency CT heads performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with acute findings. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads ordered through the ED at our institution in comparable time periods before and after the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Hamilton, Ontario. cache = ./cache/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283308-z0j8ixwk author = Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi title = A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2474 sentences = 118 flesch = 46 summary = title: A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations The participants completed a 29-item online questionnaire assessing different aspects of the rumors and recommendations pertaining to PM linked with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the current research showed that the fear level caused by the COVID-19 pandemic between the participants was more than 65 %, and the rate of penetration of the recommendations/rumors related to PM was extremely high. Making use of novel technologies (e.g., social media), evidence-based teaching, direct communication with the audience, smart and powerful public relations, academic teaching to healthcare providers, and efforts to gain public trust are some of the approaches that traditional medicine systems such as PM can take to help the fight during epidemics or pandemics such as COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283240-w4vxkbfv author = Silva, Ricardo Teixeira e title = Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1522 sentences = 90 flesch = 46 summary = title: Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic In this scenario, patients with disabilities, especially those with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), are at a high risk of COVID-19 because of their clinical and social characteristics (1) . This fact raises concerns about the ethical and legal aspects of the treatment of patients with SCI because the literature has already suggested that health-care professionals can make unfounded judgments regarding the quality of life of people with disabilities (18, 19) . COVID-19 tsunami: the first case of a spinal cord injury patient in Italy. Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of patients with disability due to spinal cord injury Bascis guidance on management of spinal cord injury patients during coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic Medical care for spinal diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283310-5wam14aa author = Bevova, M. R. title = The New Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4812 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus. The estimation of the case-fatality rate (portion of deaths divided by the total number of cases) for the disease varies from 1 to 7% [24, 25] depending on the sex and age composition of the population; strategies of testing, diagnostics, and treatment; bureaucratic peculiarities of healthcare in a particular country; and congestion of healthcare systems. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283372-c20i99qa author = Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title = Amiodarone in the COVID-19 Era: Treatment for Symptomatic Patients Only, or Drug to Prevent Infection? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2612 sentences = 126 flesch = 37 summary = Amiodarone, one of the most widely prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs to treat both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, has been identified as a candidate drug for use against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the rationale of using amiodarone in the COVID-19 scenario, as well as whether or not amiodarone administration represents a potential strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than simply used to treat patients already symptomatic and/or with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on current evidence. However, amiodarone is not free of secondary adverse effects, contraindications and interactions with other drugs, including the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis, thyroid disease, hepatic toxicity, increased creatine levels, QT interval prolongation, and bradyarrhythmia [9] . We present here the rationale for amiodarone use in the COVID-19 scenario, as well as whether or not amiodarone administration represents a potential strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than simply used to treat patients already symptomatic and/or with severe COVID-19, based on current evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283439-hqdq2qrh author = Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur title = Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5248 sentences = 315 flesch = 50 summary = The suggested treatments for COVID-19 are, but not limited to, the use of (i) convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment [63] [64] [65] ; (ii) ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue in combination with recombinant interferon showed inhibition of MERS-CoV replication [66] ; (iii) lopinavir/ritonavir-a combination of a protease inhibitor and a booster used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection [67] ; (iv) remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue that inhibit RNA polymerase with a broad spectrum of anti-viral activities; in inhibition of human and zoonotic coronavirus [15, 68, 69] ; (v) favipiravir (also known as T-705, Avigan or favilavir) is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative known to inhibit RNA polymerase [70] . In the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, Zn supplement could play an important role to treat COVID-19 patients such as (i) added immune boosting effects with anti-viral drugs and (ii) stopping SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells, if combined with chloroquine. cache = ./cache/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283352-0l1ggmhx author = Javelot, H title = Panic and pandemic: narrative review of the literature on the links and risks of panic disorder as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4437 sentences = 191 flesch = 36 summary = Abstract Although the 'panic' word has been abundantly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in the press, in the scientific literature very few studies have considered whether the current epidemic could predispose to the onset or the aggravation of panic attacks or panic disorder. The current SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic is likely to induce, beyond its potentially dramatic impact on health, serious psychological consequences, particularly in terms of the often reported "panic" state it triggered, and the medical disorder potentially linked to this state, i.e., panic disorder [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . In this review, we propose to address : (i) the way in which the international literature has used to date the terminology of "panic" in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, (ii) the very concept of panic attack, panic disorder and the specificity of the respiratory component frequently associated with it, (iii) and finally, a synthesis of the links and risk factors between COVID-19 and "respiratory" panic disorder. cache = ./cache/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283461-xcyvisqu author = Berthelot, Jean-Marie title = Kawasaki-like diseases and thrombotic coagulopathy in COVID-19: delayed over-activation of the STING pathway? date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5367 sentences = 233 flesch = 39 summary = The precise mechanisms of this delayed activation of STING by RNA virus need to be further studied [10, 11] , but at least two explanations have been given: first, fusion between viral envelopes and target cells specifically stimulates a type I interferon response which is dependent on STING, but independent of DNA, RNA and viral capsid [12] ; this mechanism appears improbable in COVID-19, at least during the first steps of infections, since, on the opposite, SARS-CoV viruses PLpro proteases inhibit association with the signalling complexes assembled around STING, and block downstream signalling via IRF-3 [13] ; 2-SARS-CoV induce a delayed raise of cytosolic DNA due to intracellular damages [11, 14] , which would better explain the delayed onset of the cytokine storm of COVID-19, by a rebound effect of innate immunity (especially if the initial inhibition of STING by PLpro does not last more than several days). cache = ./cache/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283368-j2vjylum author = Erika, Poggiali title = Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1331 sentences = 59 flesch = 51 summary = Unfortunately, with the global and severe spread of COVID-19 and the dramatically increased number of infected patients in Piacenza, despite being a relatively small city, our hospital became one of the epicentres of the Italian epidemic with 2276 cases and 447 deaths at this moment. Data reported in the literature confirmed that lung US gives results like chest CT scan and superior to chest X-ray in patients with According to the current appraisal of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. Our experience demonstrates that in the epidemic phase of COVID-19, diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is a real challenge for emergency physicians and point-of-care lung US can help us to early detect pulmonary and pleural findings in patients without respiratory symptoms and/or fever. cache = ./cache/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283380-l60yyr6l author = Grabbe, Stephan title = Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID‐19: Do we need to rethink our standards? date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2577 sentences = 123 flesch = 35 summary = However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID-19 disease. However, in clinical practice, long-term therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not appear to protect against covid-19 disease or a severe course of the disease [30, 31] . Therefore, the authors recommend that this therapy option should be considered especially in patients with other risk factors for a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Essentially, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases, since the risk of an insufficient therapy of these mostly severe diseases is clearly higher than that of an aggravated course of COVID-19 disease. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283500-mp2f102i author = Mathiesen, T. title = A snapshot of European neurosurgery December 2019 vs. March 2020: just before and during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7140 sentences = 323 flesch = 48 summary = We have undertaken a questionnaire survey of 25 neurosurgical departments in Europe to identify differences and similarities of resources, caseload, and indications during 1 week of presumed regular practice in December 2019 compared with a week in March 2020, when practice was expected to be heavily influenced by the pandemic. March 2020 (Table 1) All centers reported comparable surgical activity/million inhabitants before the pandemic (December 2019): median 2.0 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients in the ICU (75th percentile 2-8), median 2.5 SAH patients in the ICU (75th percentile 1-6), and median 5.0 elective craniotomies for brain tumors/week (75th percentile 1-6). Nineteen centers reported that all patients with legitimate medical needs could not expect to have those needs met during the Covid-19 pandemic in the March 2020 week, and several centers gave examples of patients with neurosurgical emergencies that would not be treated. cache = ./cache/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283340-ksyd5l56 author = Choi, Geun Joo title = The Potential Role of Dyslipidemia in COVID-19 Severity: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4949 sentences = 279 flesch = 43 summary = OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. Specifically, we conducted an umbrella review to evaluate the findings of systematic reviews and/or metaanalyses that investigated the relationship of dyslipidemia and severity of COVID-19 infection and to assess the evidence regarding potential limitations and the consistency of findings. The following criteria were applied to identify the articles to be included in the present umbrella review: (1) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; (2) studies involving adults who tested positive for COVID-19; and (3) studies reporting the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 infection. Two authors (G.J.C. and H.M.K.) independently extracted the outcomes on the relationship of dyslipidemia or non-dyslipidemia and lipid profile with COVID-19 infection severity from the identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283612-tzaa82kb author = Hedima, Erick Wesley title = Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2155 sentences = 131 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, in the midst of a public health crisis of the current magnitude, it is crucial to examine roles and activities that community pharmacists can undertake to help in relieving pressure and providing cushion in other areas of the health service, such as general practice and emergency departments. The medication distribution system in Nigeria is in a state of chaos and consists of open drug markets, and the activities of patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PMV), community pharmacies, private and public hospitals, importer, distributors and wholesalers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. 10 According to World Health Organisation (WHO), rational use of drugs necessitate that patients receive 'medicines appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses, that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community'. cache = ./cache/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283458-ndzafv3c author = Hall, MAJ Andrew title = Converting a Small Surgical Team into a Pandemic Response Team for an Isolated Population date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2160 sentences = 136 flesch = 47 summary = This article discusses the method and challenges facing a small surgical team tasked with preparing for and treating the novel infectious disease process, COVID-19. The team is responsible for caring for an isolated population, with limited supplies, and medical evacuation limitations. This transition to a new primary medical mission in the face of a pandemic is applicable to any small medical team tasked with taking care of isolated populations. Centralized suspected exposure reporting is required, with any suspected individuals calling or reporting to designated locations where medical personnel can don personal protective equipment (PPE) and clinically assess the probability of infection (Fig. 1) . When this cannot be supported and individuals will join at various dates, the best option we have found is "restriction of movement." 6 During restriction of movement, at-risk populations are segregated only to certain locations at specific times as best as possible, to reduce exposure at communal points such as recreation, hygiene (bathing and toilet), and dining facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283729-ekrcop2p author = Allam, Hassan H title = Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 678 sentences = 57 flesch = 52 summary = title: Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented. The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described. INTRODUCTION Cardiac involvement has been described in patients with COVID-19 infection [1, 2] . There have been no previous reports on pericardial fluid characteristics in COVID-19 patients or on diagnostic criteria for determining whether such fluid is transudate or exudate. A 41-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with COVID-19 and pericardial effusion. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, we have described the first analysis of pericardial fluid in a COVID-19 patient with a large pericardial effusion. cache = ./cache/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283485-xit6najq author = Van Damme, Wim title = The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9627 sentences = 633 flesch = 53 summary = Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 4 It was soon discovered that the virus is easily transmitted, can cause Summary box ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 88 Box 2 On the use of mathematical models during epidemics A dominant way of studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, and predicting the amplitude and peak of the epidemic in a population (city, province, country) and analysing the effect of control measures is using mathematical models. cache = ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283673-oyefmgl3 author = Garcia, Marc A title = The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Pandemic’s Disproportionate Impact on Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3859 sentences = 223 flesch = 51 summary = RESULTS: We identify three proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (1) Risk of exposure; (2) Weathering processes; and (3) Health care access and quality. Below we discuss how proximate mechanisms place older Blacks and Latinxs at an elevated health risk from the COVID-19 pandemic compared to Whites, while also highlighting examples of why structural racism is a fundamental driver of these inequalities. Structural racism in the forms of residential and occupational segregation (i.e. the unequal distribution of racial/ethnic groups across neighborhoods and jobs) and wealth inequalities shape living and working conditions in ways that put Blacks and Latinxs at greater risk of COVID-19 exposure and limit their ability to A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t practice physical distancing (Ray, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283464-v4x0gaqc author = Yu, Kimberley title = Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 497 sentences = 34 flesch = 62 summary = title: Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19's mode of transmission and symptoms have important implications for the field of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. These include the importance of airway management and respiratory droplet precautions during otorhinolaryngology, head and neck procedures. We include publications by several authors from Wuhan, China, where the unique symptoms and management needs for COVID-19 were first reported, as well as the U.S., where the outbreak is still actively ongoing and where the largest number of cases have been confirmed. The SARS-CoV-2 virus poses several hazards for the practice of otorhinolaryngology due to its droplet-based mode of transmission. Three groups from the major medical centers in Wuhan, China, report on their methods to prevent COVID-19 transmission in the department of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery during the early outbreak of the pandemic. Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283877-qy6s5xrw author = Vöö, Stefan title = Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lung perfusion imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: does nuclear medicine need to reconsider its guidelines? date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1754 sentences = 85 flesch = 38 summary = An area of interest and controversy in clinical practice remains that of ventilation-perfusion scans in patients with respiratory symptoms who are referred for nuclear medicine imaging to exclude pulmonary embolism as a differential diagnosis to other respiratory conditions. We think that a perfusion-only scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lowdose computed tomography (CT) of the chest while excluding the ventilation scan, as a first line investigation, could be still a well tolerated option while preserving the diagnostic quality of the scan and avoiding unnecessary risk related to aerosolization and possible viral spread. We, therefore, propose that lung perfusion-only SPECT-CT should be considered in patients with contraindications for CTPA and suspected acute PE during the COVID-19 pandemic as a first line of investigation. However, ventilation SPECT scan, although debatable, may still be performed, if lung perfusion scan is abnormal, after PCR swab testing preferably in PCR Covid-19 negative patients and with use or full PPE for aerosol generating procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283663-odrkfguc author = Dobson, Dre'Von A. title = COVID‐19 pandemic perspectives: A scientific silver lining? date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1447 sentences = 95 flesch = 51 summary = This forum examines potentially positive changes that have occurred within the scientific community amid the chaotic pandemic. In forcing scientists away from their lab benches, COVID‐19 has created time and space for more conversations about science and experimental design. Amid the many negative impacts COVID-19 has had on science and the scientific community, are there positives that have been overlooked? These observations suggest that even after this pandemic is over, prioritizing videoconferencing over teleconferencing for scientific communications will enhance involvement and interaction across our field. Of course, transforming the scientific community into an inclusive, equitable, problem-solving task force requires that we carry this commitment beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Staying connected over distances, collaborating with scientists outside of our disciplines, valuing time for planning and reviewing data, and affirming our commitment to diversity within our ranks should not end when the COVID-19 pandemic is over. cache = ./cache/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283440-8du0s33p author = Ciuca, Ioana M title = COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5636 sentences = 313 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this review was to describe the current knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including knowledge on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. This review highlights that COVID-19 in children is similar to the disease in the adult population, but with particularities regarding clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, chest imaging, and treatment. It started at the end of 2019, when many adult patients with a new form of pneumonia that was frequently fatal were admitted to Chinese hospitals; this illness was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). [11] [12] [13] This study aimed to review the current data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including data on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283477-6clp5nz7 author = Gabrielson, Andrew T. title = Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3113 sentences = 147 flesch = 36 summary = For students who struggled with the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, these elective and visiting rotations offer a crucial opportunity to demonstrate their clinical acumen and make their residency applications more competitive. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. A delay in the initial download date by even a month would allow students the opportunity to have additional clinical experiences, which would aid both their specialty decision-making process and the competitiveness of their application. cache = ./cache/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283521-smg1uw35 author = García-Hernández, Rafael title = Inmunomodulación mediante CONVEHY® para COVID-19: de la tormenta al anticiclón de citoquinas date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 165 flesch = 47 summary = La causa de la pandemia COVID-19 es la infección por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Esta disfunción orgánica del huésped es causada por una respuesta inflamatoria desregulada y potencialmente mortal que inicialmente tiene complicaciones pulmonares graves(1)(2). El protocolo CONVEHY (suplementos en línea 1, 2, 3) fue desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación de Hiperfiltración para controlar la Respuesta Inflamatoria Desregulada (RID) y la tormenta de citoquinas a través de la inmunomodulación en pacientes bajo choque séptico severo (9) . La membrana oXiris® recibió la Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (AUE) por la FDA de los Estados Unidos para tratar a pacientes con COVID-19 confirmado. En pacientes con COVID-19 el momento de inicio de la técnica puede ser decisivo y por ahora debemos basarnos en factores de riesgo epidemiológicos y clínicos para este fin (Figura 2 y Tabla 1). Recomendaciones prácticas para el manejo perioperatorio del paciente con sospecha o infección grave por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283912-ha2xwjzy author = Zheng, Meijuan title = Serum inflammatory factors are positively correlated with the production of specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 patients date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1523 sentences = 78 flesch = 46 summary = 5 Thus, a detailed characterization of the associations between humoral immune responses and inflammatory factors could result in a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions in COVID-19 patients. In the current study, the levels of RBD-specific IgG, RBD-specific IgA, and the frequencies of ASCs and ICOS+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells were found to be higher in severely affected COVID-19 patients than those in nonseverely affected patients. Collectively, these results indicated that severe COVID-19 illness induced strong humoral immune responses, which is consistent with previous studies showing higher IgG titers in severe patients than in nonsevere patients. Our study showed that the severely affected patients displayed higher levels of anti-RBD antibodies, increased frequencies of ASCs and ICOS + TFH cells, and elevated levels of CXCL13. Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 requires further investigation of the mechanism underlying the correlations between humoral immunity and inflammatory factors in severe COVID-19, and the results of such studies could be used to guide immunotherapy with passive antibodies while controlling hyperinflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283616-ef84i589 author = Ye, Zheng title = Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2919 sentences = 160 flesch = 44 summary = In COVID-19 diagnosis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of viral nucleic acid is regarded as the reference standard; however, recent studies addressed the importance of chest computed tomography (CT) examination in COVID-19 patients with false negative RT-PCR results [4, 5] , and reported the CT sensitivity as 98% [6] . However, with further analysis of increasing cases, a diversity of interesting CT imaging features were found, including crazy paving pattern, airway changes, reversed halo sign etc. Reportedly, chest CT images could manifest different imaging features or patterns in COVID-19 patients with a different time course and disease severity [18, 20] . Recently, the first post-mortem biopsy in a COVID-19 patient was reported [27] , showing pulmonary edema and hyaline membrane formation in both lungs, which we speculate may be the underlying pathological driver of GGO sign. Although bilateral GGO and consolidation were reported as the predominant imaging characteristics in COVID-19, chest CT manifestations can vary in different patients and stages. cache = ./cache/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283696-3a0s64sm author = Haen, Pierre title = CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 646 sentences = 50 flesch = 55 summary = title: CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management Letter to the Editor (649 words) workers are expected to work every day with COVID-19 patients, and protecting them is essential to enable them work safely and avoid being infected. Airway management and, more specifically, tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of causing contamination because they generate aerosols [2] . Even if tracheostomy procedures can be used in COVID-19 patient management, no evidence-based recommendations for the protection of healthcare workers performing tracheostomies for these patients exist to date. Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Airway Management, Tracheostomy, Healthcare Worker, Safety CORONAsteps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management Infection control measures for operative procedures in severe acute respiratory syndrome-related patients Safe tracheostomy for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Improving staff safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283513-3f4rsgzm author = Jaywant, Abhishek title = Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1265 sentences = 82 flesch = 35 summary = title: Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care Here, we describe how neuropsychology and consultation-liaison psychiatry have collaborated to implement interventions within this unit to facilitate patients' recovery. Consistent with early reports [4] , we have found a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients on our recovery unit. To facilitate orientation and memory, all patient rooms have a large whiteboard on which providers write their names and where patients' rehabilitation goals and progress are recorded. Psychoeducation on rehabilitation; clinician-led mindfulness; virtual reality-based mindfulness; cognitive restructuring; problem-solving; brief psychotherapy scheduled prior to PT/OT; cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy group; chair yoga. Use of room whiteboard to track date, location, names of providers, and rehabilitation goals and progress; clinicians wear large ID tags and assist in reorientation; "memory books." Early intraintensive care unit psychological intervention promotes recovery from post traumatic stress disorders, anxiety and depression symptoms in critically ill patients cache = ./cache/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283744-qkvo6cji author = Marston, Cicely title = Community participation is crucial in a pandemic date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1211 sentences = 68 flesch = 46 summary = Community participation is essential in the collective response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from compliance with lockdown, to the steps that need to be taken as countries ease restrictions, to community support through volunteering. This requires dedicated staff who can help governments engage in dialogue with citizens, work to integrate the response across health and social care, and coordinate links with other sectors such as policing and education. Second, those of us working to address COVID-19 in the health and social care sectors and beyond should look to existing community groups and networks to build coproduction. All societies have community groups that can co-create better pandemic response and health services and politicians must be supported to incorporate these voices. Social mobilization and community engagement central to the Ebola response in west Africa: lessons for future public health emergencies cache = ./cache/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283779-mudwcypl author = Lauretani, Fulvio title = Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9727 sentences = 500 flesch = 42 summary = The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death. cache = ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283915-yqj9gzan author = Ahmad, Naveed title = Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 675 sentences = 47 flesch = 46 summary = title: Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 There is increasing evidence on the unintended consequences of pandemic-related lockdown restrictions such as delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality at the time of initial presentation. 3, 4 We retrospectively reviewed all of our outpatient activity and new patients admitted to the pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) service from December 2019 to May 2020, the last 3-month period corresponding to coronavirus lockdown. Despite the concerns that chemotherapy-related immunosuppression is a risk factor to develop severe disease with Covid19, there is growing evidence that coronavirus-related mortality is extremely rare in pediatric cancer patients. Children with cancer in the time of COVID-19: an 8-week report from the six pediatric onco-hematology centres in Lombardi, Italy. COVID-19 pandemic and impact on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cache = ./cache/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283730-rshlenku author = Sah, Ranjit title = Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Nepal date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1373 sentences = 90 flesch = 62 summary = We read the recent article by Shrestha et al., 1 about Nepal's first case of COVID-19 and public health response with great interest. Despite recent progress and the government's commitment to reduce the absolute poverty rate to 16.7% from 18.7% last year, 2 the World Bank forecasts that 31.2% of Nepalis are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, primarily because of reduced remittances from overseas workers, foregone earnings of potential migrants, collapse of the tourist industry, job losses in the informal sector and increased cost of essential commodities, all as a result of COVID-19. 6 The government is currently investigating the repatriation of workers stranded in COVID-19 affected countries, even though this may place extra strain on the nation's health system. Healthcare systems of any country depend on the economy and Nepal's lost remittances and tourism revenues have crippled the nation's finances. Nepal's first case of COVID-19 and public health response Covid-19 pandemic: public health implications in Nepal cache = ./cache/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283758-0z3jwwby author = Rokadiya, S. title = COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 52 flesch = 52 summary = We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital, in order to identify risk factors for patients discharged and subsequent management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. In the re-admission group, the average time before being re-admitted to hospital was 10 days (IQR 6 -15), with dyspnoea the presenting complaint in 13/25 (52%). As far as we are aware, this is the first study looking at clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital. However, the high mortality rate (24%), and the median and prevalence of low SpO2 results in patients re-admitted is concerning and warrants further studies to evaluate reasons for re-admission, ensuring appropriate safety-netting when discharged. Based on our data on the average time before re-presentation at 10 days, enhanced, personalised follow up at 7 days in a formalised COVID-19 clinic with radiological imaging and oxygen saturation recording using pulse oximetry probes may help early identification of those at risk of deterioration, thus preventing re-admission. cache = ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283623-umqu07te author = Ponce-Alonso, Manuel title = Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3228 sentences = 137 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: We retrospectively compared the incidence density (cases per 10,000 patient days) of healthcare-facility–associated (HCFA) CDI in a tertiary-care hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the maximum incidence of COVID-19 (March 11 to May 11, 2020) with the same period of the previous year (control period). CONCLUSIONS: The observed reduction of ~70% in the incidence density of HCFA CDI in a context of no reduction in antibiotic use supports the importance of reducing nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers and asymptomatic colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedures and reducing patient mobility in the epidemiological control of CDI. Despite the aforementioned limitations, our observation of a dramatic decrease in CDI in a context of no reduction in the use of antibiotics supports the importance of reducing the nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers or asymptomatically colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedure and reducing hospital mobility of patients in the epidemiological control of CDI. cache = ./cache/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283764-qw8qhmv1 author = Bai, Hua title = Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2120 sentences = 162 flesch = 53 summary = title: Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis Therefore, this study further explores the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immune CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children. This meta-analysis will be the first study to evaluate whether human coronavirus immune CP therapy is effective and safe for children with COVID-19. [23] [24] [25] [26] This plan will evaluate whether the human coronavirus immune CP is effective and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 in children and provide more accurate and objective evidence for the clinic. Potential effective treatment for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of the severe infectious disease with convalescent plasma therapy Effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol cache = ./cache/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283909-xwy3rm3f author = Lippi, Giuseppe title = Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 33 flesch = 57 summary = title: Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) All articles were accurately screened by the two authors, and those reporting data on the eosinophil count in patients with or without severe form of COVID-19 were included in a pooled analysis. A pooled analysis was then carried out, with calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of eosinophil count in patients with or without the severe form of COVID-19. Two additional studies were found from the reference list of the previously identified documents, such that a final https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/qjm total of 4 articles were included. 1,3-5 However, one of these studies was excluded as it failed to provide necessary values for calculating the WMD (i.e., the eosinophil count was below the limit of measurement in both cohort of patients with and without severe COVID-19). 5 Overall, the three remaining studies included 294 patients, 75 of whom (25.5%) with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283843-qgpxauj1 author = Endstrasser, Franz title = The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on pain and physical function in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2490 sentences = 139 flesch = 53 summary = PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain, functional impairment, mental health, and daily activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 lockdown had a significant impact on pain, joint function, physical function, and physical activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee OA. Since no study has yet investigated the development of clinical symptoms of patients with end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) waiting for arthroplasty surgery, the purpose of this study was to investigate the course of (1) pain, (2) functional impairment, (3) mental health, and (4) daily activities during the course of COVID-19 lockdown. The present study hypothesized that the COVID-19 lockdown will limit physical activity, which will consequently increase clinical symptoms and decrease physical and mental function in patients with end-stage hip and knee OA. cache = ./cache/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283719-zmizyx7e author = Cheng, Yuan-Yang title = Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019: Consensus Statements of Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2815 sentences = 175 flesch = 40 summary = An online consensus meeting of an expert panel comprising members of the Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation was held to provide recommendations for rehabilitation protocols in each of the five COVID-19 stages, namely (1) outpatients with mild disease and no risk factors, (2) outpatients with mild disease and epidemiological risk factors, (3) hospitalized patients with moderate to severe disease, (4) ventilator-supported patients with clear cognitive function, and (5) ventilator-supported patients with impaired cognitive function. For patients with advanced disease severity, a well-designed rehabilitation program is even more crucial to improve pulmonary secretion clearance, ameliorates side-effects related to a prolonged bedridden state, and even prevents intensive care unit-acquired weakness. 8 Altogether, potentially significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 that should be identified and considered when designing rehabilitation programs include old age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory disease, and CVD. 29 Chest physiotherapy strategies that promote airway clearance include the following: Another important issue in the rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe disease is preventing deconditioning due to acute illness. cache = ./cache/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283927-683mzwga author = Jette, Alan M title = Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1126 sentences = 50 flesch = 39 summary = In a second Point of View article, Dr Vanessa Alpalhão and Dr Miguel Alpalhão 4 discuss some of the adaptations being made in physical therapist practice in Portugal in an effort to respond to the COVID-19 crisis and the needs of their patients. They emphasize the importance of providing patient and family education; coordinating community resources; including referring to other health care team members and community-based rehabilitation service options; and discuss current challenges for optimizing outcomes for people with PICS, including future directions for research and practice. The last area of essential need noted by the authors is the ability to respond to a second crisis looming-that is, to provide rehabilitation care for the projected surge of patients who have recovered from the acute effects of COVID-19. The essential role of home-and community-based physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283769-n38f0i5z author = Georgiou, Neophytos title = COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5048 sentences = 245 flesch = 53 summary = Previous studies have down that erroneous Conspiracy Theory (CT) beliefs develop more strongly in people who have underlying conspiratorial reasoning styles and psychopathological traits and particularly when they are faced with stressful external events (Swami et al., 2013; van Prooijen, 2018). It was hypothesised that those who are more likely to believe in unfounded or CTs about COVID-19 would score higher on measures that capture general conspiratorial reasoning as well as CT beliefs about other major events. In this study, we also investigate how COVID conspiracy beliefs vary by level of education (which is also included as a control variable in analyses) and some indicative differences between countries that have been differentially affected by the virus. Support was also found for the prediction that those who endorsed COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs would have lower levels of education and would have less favourable views about the government's response to the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283948-rb9rrkxb author = Gavriilidis, Paschalis title = The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1595 sentences = 105 flesch = 48 summary = title: The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series Currently, the first articles reporting outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are published. The aim of the present study was to summarise the reported evidence of liver transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the global pandemic. A systematic literature search of articles published from inception until April 2020 performed in EMBASE, MED-LINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases using free text and MeSH terms (corona virus, COVID-19, liver transplantation, liver transplant recipients, global pandemic of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS). Of note, D'Antiga reported that children liver transplant recipients although immunosuppressed were not at increased risk to develop severe COVID-19 compared with the general population [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283900-4pa93xqi author = Khan, M. Ali title = Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2491 sentences = 158 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Survey questions assessed training program environment, policies guiding 106 COVID-19 response, changes in fellow duties and clinical volume, and methods to reduce 107 occupational risk including availability of PPE. Discussion of data regarding differential reduction of SARS-CoV-2 or other coronavirus 307 transmission with surgical or N95 respirator masks is outside the scope of this study assessing ophthalmology trainee perceptions of occupational risk. This study reports 323 occupational risk perceptions, currently utilized risk mitigation strategies, and surgical volume 324 training concerns for second year US vitreoretinal surgery fellows mid-pandemic escalation. cache = ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283953-vuvd6mvz author = KM, S. title = Trace, Quarantine, Test, Isolate and Treat: A Kerala Model of Covid-19 Response date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4161 sentences = 241 flesch = 63 summary = Importation and transmission-based approach for Testing Strategy On January 26th 2020, even before the first case of COVID-19 was reported in the state (9). The state moved fast because of that by mid-January it had already put in place a strategy to isolate people who showed symptoms in hospitals, to trace their contacts and put them in-home quarantine. At the beginning (first phase lockdown) one active case per 34 tests reported (Fig 5) due to the formidable step was taken by the government. High risk people who were in contact with the positive cases were tracked, and kept in quarantine helped in optimal utilization of the Covid-19 treatment kits. . Figure 6 shows the number of people isolated per one active COVID-19 case in a different phase of lockdown in Kerala. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20132308 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 7 shows the percentage of people in home isolation in different phases of lockdown in Kerala. cache = ./cache/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283809-9sv5bax0 author = Baldacchino, Alexander title = COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3233 sentences = 163 flesch = 48 summary = title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey This global study has been designed and conducted by the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group (ISAM-PPIG) to understand better the health related issues of people with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) as well as responses of the relevant health care systems during the pandemic. The participants were asked to complete the "International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group (ISAM-PPIG) COVID-19 global survey questionnaire". The study participants consisted of nationally-representative informants from different countries who (a) are experts in the field of addiction medicine and health related services, and (b) active in the substance use treatment policy and/or service during the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283956-zgrtux7i author = Amin, Sk. Abdul title = Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5095 sentences = 356 flesch = 52 summary = Like other RNA viruses, the functional significance of this Mpro or chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 emerges as an attractive drug target for the development of anti-viral agents. A group of scientists from the Cairo University, Egypt predicted COVID-19 spike binding site to a cell-surface receptor namely Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) by employing structural bioinformatics in combination with protein-protein docking [55] . An early virtual screening (VS) study of FDA approved drugs (retrieved from Selleckchem Inc.) against the first resolved SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structure (PDB: 6LU7) was performed. In another study, Elfiky [67] reported SARS-CoV-2 RdRp targeted molecular docking study of some anti-polymerase drugs which have been approved for use against various viruses. This study deals with the information currently available on potential targets for therapeutic invention and screening of new compounds or drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 8 ). Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283969-wqrzaxsu author = Antonucci, Michele title = The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2927 sentences = 157 flesch = 44 summary = title: The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis Introduction and objectives We aimed to evaluate how the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak influenced emergency department (ED) admissions for urolithiasis, hospitalizations and clinical management of the hospitalized Patients. 3 Urolithiasis represents a frequent cause of ED admissions, accounting for 1%---2% of emergency visits 4 : in a report from a large series of patients admitted to ED in a big Italian hospital, 16% of patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain had a diagnosis of renal or ureteral stone. We performed a multicentric retrospective analysis of ED admissions for urolithiasis in three high volume urology department (>100 surgical procedures for stone disease per year) in Rome -Italy between March and April 2020 and in the same period of 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284038-93s3ffoy author = Keyhanian, Kiandokht title = SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11701 sentences = 592 flesch = 42 summary = Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence indicates that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neurological manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as skeletal muscles. Growing number of case reports and/or series indicate that a variety of neurological conditions and post-viral triggered autoimmune complications, as we discuss below, occur in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection which mainly include Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBSs) (table 2), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (table 2) , encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and myelitis (table 3) . Moreover, two cases of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in patients with COVID-19 positivity from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab, but without CSF PCR for SARS-CoV-2 data, were reported in the literature (Poyiadji, Shahin, 2020 , Radmanesh et al. cache = ./cache/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284130-2q6qmex3 author = Wu, Xiao title = Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 161 flesch = 50 summary = We investigated whether long-term average exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 death in the United States. Data sources: COVID-19 death counts were collected for more than 3,000 counties in the United States (representing 98% of the population) up to April 22, 2020 from Johns Hopkins University, Center for Systems Science and Engineering Coronavirus Resource Center. • Second, existing COVID-19 testing and case count data are unable to accurately capture the size of an outbreak in a given county, and the inability to fully adjust for this factor could induce confounding in our analyses (e.g., if counties with high PM 2.5 exposure also tend to have large outbreaks relative to the population size, then their death rates per unit population could appear differentially elevated, inducing a spurious correlation with PM 2.5 ). cache = ./cache/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283918-h8awaxxw author = Maeker, Éric title = Annonce du diagnostic et accompagnement de fin de vie du COVID-19 en période de confinement au sein d’une unité gériatrique aiguë date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3605 sentences = 365 flesch = 66 summary = À leur ouverture et pendant les premières semaines de fonctionnement, dans chacune des unités COVID, et même dans l'ensemble de l'établissement, les visites aux personnes hospitalisées sont totalement interdites. Parmi les interrogations, l'annonce de transfert dans l'unité, l'annonce diagnostique de COVID-19, le maintien du lien des personnes hospitalisées avec leur entourage et des relations thérapeutiques entre le corps soignant avec les proches se sont posés. Lorsque le point de départ de l'hospitalisation est le passage par les urgences, les praticiens de ce service s'appuient sur leur propre expertise, celle des gériatres et possiblement des médecins réanimateurs et de soins palliatifs, ainsi que de l'équipe mobile de gériatrie. Cette communion d'expertise est l'atout majeur mis en avant dans le partage des différentes étapes de la prise en charge et de la communication avec les personnes hospitalisées et leurs proches. cache = ./cache/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284017-1fz90e3k author = Henríquez, Josefa title = The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5723 sentences = 322 flesch = 59 summary = Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. cache = ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284008-vlwdtjbe author = Li, Na title = The Application of Corticosteroids in COVID-19: A Two-edged Sword date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3092 sentences = 189 flesch = 48 summary = Their study revealed that proper corticosteroid treatment resulted in lower mortality and shorter hospitalization stay in patients with critical SARS with an oxygenation index (OI) of <300 mm Hg, and it was not associated with significant secondary lower respiratory infection and other complications. [21] described the effect of different doses of adjuvant corticosteroid therapy on 30-or 60-day mortality of patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viral pneumonia through a retrospective analysis. The results of stratified analysis based on the doses of corticosteroids showed that only treatment with low-to moderate-dose corticosteroid could reduce 30-and 60-day mortality of patients with severe infection with PaO2/FiO2 <300 mm Hg. However, corticosteroids at any dose increased the 60-day mortality of patients with mild infection with PaO2/FiO2 >300 mm Hg. Cao et al. [25] reported the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with COVID-19 with ARDS in a study available on the medRxiv preprint server. cache = ./cache/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283850-kt8n6pg2 author = Steardo, Luca title = Psychiatric face of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7886 sentences = 374 flesch = 32 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similarly to other coronaviruses demonstrate neurotropism; the viral infection of the brain stem may complicate the course of the disease through damaging central cardio-respiratory control. Post-mortem analysis of nervous tissue from tissue of a 54 years-old man who died from severe respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 identified SARS-COV-2 viral particles in the olfactory nerve, in the gyrus rectus and in the brainstem with signs of profound damage to all elements of the tissue including glial cells, neurones, their axons and myelin 37 . Infection with SARS-CoV-2 (even in moderate clinical cases) thus promotes cognitive disorders with emergence of delirium, acute psychosis, exacerbation of mild cognitive impairment or with accelerating of dementia associated with various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) 85, 86 . Patients with COVID-19 could present with a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, which result from systemic inflammation, CNS effects of cytokines, infection of neural cells by SARS-COV-2, neuroinflammation, glial dysfunction or aberrant epigenetic modifications of stress-related genes. cache = ./cache/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284097-94pz1601 author = Korun, Oktay title = The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1349 sentences = 92 flesch = 59 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Congenital cardiac surgery practice can be safely maintained with restricted case volume during the pandemic period. The data of all patients who had congenital heart surgery in our clinic on the specified dates were retrospectively reviewed. However, operating theaters, intensive care units and wards used for pediatric cardiac surgery were left in the non-COVID part of the hospital and no additional regulation was made regarding the way of working. The distribution of the main procedures of 70 surgeries performed during the COVID period is shown in Table 3 The comparison of the postoperative results can be seen in Table 5 . The change of case volume, distribution, and outcomes in a congenital cardiac surgery referral center during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated in this study. These data indicate that congenital cardiac surgery services can be safely maintained with simple measures during the pandemic period. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics cache = ./cache/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284207-i943w5r1 author = Zidan, Ahmed title = Position Statement of Transplant Activity in the Middle East in Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1953 sentences = 109 flesch = 50 summary = All positive donors are to be declined for donation of all organs; COVID negative donors are to be considered on a case to case basis assessing high-, intermediate-, or low-risk exposure and confirmed following a discussion between SCOT and the Transplant Center. King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center performed 186 liver transplants in 2019, of which 159 were from living donors; >150 patients are on the waiting list. To decrease the potential of developing COVID-19 infections among both donor and recipients, patients were admitted 1 week before transplant and categorized into high and low risk based on the risk of COVID exposure (history of travel outside the country; living in a high COVID incidence areas; direct or indirect exposure to COVID-19 positive individuals and clinical symptoms including cough, fever, and fatigue. Between February 1 and April 15, 33 liver transplants including 25 from living donors have been performed without COVID-related complications. cache = ./cache/cord-284207-i943w5r1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284207-i943w5r1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284152-6aog88cx author = Mitchell, Edith Peterson title = COVID-19 Innovations: Addressing Rapidly Changing Clinical Needs date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 601 sentences = 43 flesch = 40 summary = This mechanism may also account for disease manifestations and clinical findings in other organ systems, including hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, thromboses, acute renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular and neurological disorders and dermatologic findings described as Kawasaki like disease in young patients. 2 The pathogenesis of COVID-19 entrance into host cells involves attachment of the surface glycoprotein spike to the ACE2 receptor which has been demonstrated as a co-receptor for entry. Thus some COVID-19 research strategies involve targeting endothelial cell function. 3 Myocardial injury and myocarditis are frequently found in patients with COVID-19 disease. 4 Reports also indicate that approximately one third of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals developed acute kidney injury which correlated with the development of respiratory failure. Hypertension, thrombosis, kidney failure, and diabetes: Is COVID-19 an endothelial disease? Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19 Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284037-nj5jo1ev author = Kwee, Thomas C. title = Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7662 sentences = 363 flesch = 41 summary = Chest imaging is indicated in patients with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (ie, presence of significant pulmonary dysfunction or damage) and any pretest probability of COVID-19 infection, when RT-PCR test results are negative, and in any patient for whom an RT-PCR test is not performed or not readily available. According to the Fleischner Society consensus statement, chest imaging is indicated in patients with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (ie, presence of significant pulmonary dysfunction or damage) and any pretest probability of COVID-19 infection, when RT-PCR test results are negative, and in any patient for whom an RT-PCR test is not performed or not readily available (59) . In cases of clinical worsening, chest imaging is advised to assess for COVID-19 progression or secondary cardiopulmonary complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), PE, superimposed pneumonia, or heart failure that can potentially be secondary to COVID-19-induced cardiac injury (59) . cache = ./cache/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284175-5rre1kbn author = Elsaid, Ossama title = Ventricular Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus 2019 date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 87 flesch = 37 summary = Herein, we describe the clinical course of an otherwise healthy patient who experienced persistent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation which is believed to be directly related to inflammation, as opposed to acute myocardial injury or medications that can prolong the QT interval. One study reported ventricular tachycardia (VT)/VF in 5.9% (11/187) of COVID-19 patients (Table 2 3-9 ), with elevated troponin-T increasing risk, suggesting that myocardial injury precipitates arrhythmia 2 . Tocilizumab was shown to have a robust shortening of the QTc prolongation induced by abundant inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute rheumatoid arthritis 16 . As such, this report suggests that the hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients can induce ventricular arrhythmias, which may cease abruptly following a reduction in inflammation, in our case from convalescent serum and/or hydrocortisone therapy. QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin cache = ./cache/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284217-tv8f1315 author = Qazi, Javaria title = Evolution to Online Education around the globe during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped cope alike? date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3068 sentences = 181 flesch = 47 summary = Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to assess and compare the access & use of online learning of Bruneians and Pakistanis amid enforced lockdown imposed by the governments using a five-items satisfaction scale underlying existing literature. Outcomes of the survey suggest that Bruneian are more satisfied (50%) with the use of online learning amid lockdown as compared to Pakistanis (35.9%). Living in the Urban area as compared to a rural area is also a major factor contributing to satisfaction with the access and use of online learning for both Bruneian and Pakistanis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first study in accessing the student satisfaction with the use of online learning resources amid COVID-19. Outcomes suggest that use and access to online learning resources during novel infectious disease a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic is crucial for student satisfaction. The study mainly aims to assess the effect of access & use of online learning resources amid the COVID-19 lockdown on student satisfaction. cache = ./cache/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284188-ujdla954 author = Smith, Silas W. title = Virtual Urgent Care Quality and Safety in the Time of Coronavirus date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5905 sentences = 353 flesch = 50 summary = To assess patient and provider data, systems effectiveness, and ability to provide care with and without admission to the ED, 17, 18 we identified the following variables from the cohort records: provider type, patient age, self-assigned gender, visit date, self-assigned race/ethnicity, 19 comorbidities, previous primary care visits (as an indirect marker of regular access to care), VUC return visits, ED referrals and spontaneous ED visits, ED and dispositions, intubations, and deaths following VUC visits. We evaluated and manually reviewed all patients identified for follow-up to assess outcomes including ED referral during follow-up screening call, hospital admission and course, presence or absence of ED referral on index VUC visit, mortality, and interval metrics. 17 While no direct comparators existed during the pandemic, when decision thresholds to present to the ED were multifactorial, to provide context for departments managing patients as outpatients, we evaluated similar outcomes of patients presenting for ED care who were discharged (not admitted) during the same time period. cache = ./cache/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284234-9cd2v6bt author = Sebastian, S title = Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4483 sentences = 256 flesch = 44 summary = Understandable concerns have been raised on the safety of steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biologics used in patients for a variety of indications including immune mediated inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which do increase the risk of opportunistic bacterial, viral and fungal infections (5) . Therefore, continuing concerns remain both from IBD patients and the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t clinicians managing them, regarding the potential of IBD related drugs causing more frequent infections by SARS-CoV2, and increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19 (13) . Corticosteroids are thought to have a divergent effect on viral infections including SARS COV viruses; on one hand they inhibit host immune response acting on migration and chemokines production leading to impaired viral clearance and the resultant prolonged Moreover, a prospective, randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial compared early hydrocortisone treatment (before day seven of the illness) with a placebo and found that early hydrocortisone therapy was associated with a higher subsequent plasma viral load (61) . cache = ./cache/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284251-brn5izwo author = Melmed, Kara R. title = Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3640 sentences = 189 flesch = 41 summary = We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients admitted to the NYU Langone Health System (NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Brooklyn, NYU Winthrop, or NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital) who had both a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result and neuroimaging performed between March 1 and April 27, 2020. We used binary logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) of therapeutic anticoagulation use and ICH in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 adjusting for previously identified factors associated with ICH (age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, systolic blood pressure) and might plausibly be associated with ICH in COVID-19 patients. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess for mortality in both ICH and non-ICH patients adjusting for previously reported risk factors, age [7] and maximum hospital SOFA score, [18] as a marker for disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284042-awl5bb0j author = Carrascosa, J.M. title = Cutaneous Manifestations in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)() date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3952 sentences = 216 flesch = 45 summary = From the pathogenic point of view, the immune response triggered by infection with SARS-CoV-2 may result in harmful effects, such as endothelial cell dysfunction and activation of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulation pathways; this may explain the cardiovascular and thrombotic complications that affect a subgroup of patients. 19 Vesicular lesions, usually monomorphic, appear early on and may at times precede other symptoms (in 15% of patients), 11 although in most cases, up to 79.2% in a series of 24 patents reported by Fernandez-Nieto et al., 20 they occur at the onset of other symptoms. 21 reported the case of a female patient who developed an urticarial rash, accompanied by odynophagia and arthralgia, before developing the full clinical manifestations of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284302-odvv2yn3 author = Minagorre, Pedro J. Alcalá title = CAMBIOS A PARTIR DE LA COVID-19. UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA PEDIATRÍA INTERNA HOSPITALARIA date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 297 flesch = 49 summary = Se revisa también la implicación de las unidades pediátricas en la asistencia de adultos y la atención de pacientes crónicos complejos y se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre aspectos de seguridad, consideraciones éticas y docencia de los futuros pediatras durante la crisis. Se revisa también la implicación de las unidades pediátricas en la asistencia de adultos y la atención de pacientes crónicos complejos y se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre aspectos de seguridad, consideraciones éticas y docencia de los futuros pediatras durante la crisis. Pero ante el impacto anual del VRS y la gripe en las unidades de críticos (15, 16) y los posibles rebrotes de COVID-19, se ha de proveer una adecuada disponibilidad de recursos para el conjunto de pacientes afectados. El notable incremento del número de niños con patología crónica compleja en los últimos años obliga a todos los centros a disponer de planes asistenciales específicos para este grupo de pacientes, también en situaciones excepcionales como esta pandemia por COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284274-9uu7yflt author = Russi, Christopher S. title = Emergency Medicine Telehealth for COVID-19: Minimize Front-Line Provider Exposure and Conserve Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1610 sentences = 95 flesch = 51 summary = This has opened a time-sensitive opportunity for novel, digital approaches to acute emergency and intensive patient care that should reduce healthcare risk by mitigating exposure and save highly valuable PPE. The Mayo Clinic Emergency Medicine Telehealth (TeleEM) program is an ongoing network serving rural emergency departments across our large Midwest practice, using both synchronous video and telephonic tools for complex or critically ill patients. Whether in symptomatic patients' homes for remote monitoring, ambulances in the field for transport, tents outside healthcare facilities for screening and testing, EDs for diagnosis and treatment, or in the hands of all acute care providers for consultation, telehealth tools are being deployed across the continuum of EMS and emergency medicine to help limit disease spread, reduce HCW exposure and conserve valuable PPE. cache = ./cache/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284112-jobd5s4l author = Tulgar, Serkan title = Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents date = 2019-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 510 sentences = 39 flesch = 50 summary = title: Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents Until recently, haloperidol was the most commonly used agent in the prevention or treatment of delirium that developed in intensive care units (9, 10) . (11) reported that haloperidol decreased mortality of patients on mechanical ventilation and hypothesized that this was due to its effect on lowering cytokine levels and, therefore, aided in preventing a cytokine storm associated with severe disease. However, we recommend that haloperidol be considered as an option to treat patients who develop agitation during the treatment process or agitation/delirium during the intensive care treatment process and continue to be administered routinely until proven otherwise. In addition to clinical studies (NCT04330638) related to the use of anti-IL agents such as anakinra, siltuximab, and tocilizumab in combating cytokine storms, studies are also being conducted with old drugs (NCT04304313) such as sildenafil, used indirectly outside of their indications. cache = ./cache/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284342-y9tq7o0v author = Liu, Qian title = Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2266 sentences = 131 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSION: Serum amyloid A and IL‐6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID‐19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), SAA, and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in the healthy control group. 22, 23 In this study, we anaAccording to the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan (trial version 7), 20 we divided 84 patients into a nonsevere group and a severe group. In conclusion, SAA and IL-6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID-19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients out of Wuhan from China cache = ./cache/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284160-sgr8p78v author = Satici, Begum title = Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2392 sentences = 165 flesch = 57 summary = Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω, Guttmann's λ6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. After establishing the factorial structure of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the discrimination, difficulty, and informativeness of the scale was examined using the Item Response Theory (IRT; Chalmers 2012), which allows us to have more detailed and reliable information at the individual and item level than classical test theory. The correlations between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction were examined to establish the concurrent validity of the scale. Data analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and depression (r = .38, p < .001), anxiety (r = .55, p < .001), and stress (r = .47, p < .001). cache = ./cache/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284257-zplfyqqi author = Mocco, J title = In Reply: May Cooler Heads Prevail During a Pandemic: Stroke in COVID-19 Patients or COVID-19 in Stroke Patients? date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2341 sentences = 138 flesch = 52 summary = Our report, as accepted and published in the NEJM, is a factual account of our observation of a higher than usual number of young patients with large vessel stroke presenting during the peak of the COVID-19 in New York City. To help clarify the scientific and factual inaccuracies as presented by Drs Spiotta and Alawieh, we provide the following brief responses to the statements made in their letter 1 : 1) "Systemic inflammation that may occur after severe COVID-19 infection promotes a prothrombotic state that may predispose to thrombotic events, including stroke. In fact, data is also published specifically addressing macrothrombosis in the internal carotid artery in mild COVID patients, 14, 15 with stroke as a presenting symptom of the disease, 4 newly presenting emergent large vessel occlusions with COVID-19 being a very different population compared to typical ELVO patients 16 and demonstrating that COVID-19 is associated with a 7.6 fold increased odds of suffering stroke as compared to influenza (a similar respiratory virus previously demonstrated to be associated with stroke). cache = ./cache/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284093-w2ppj0yz author = nan title = Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 196 flesch = 69 summary = De façon gé né rale, les « professionnels de santé classé s comme sujets contacts au COVID-19 et ne pré sentant pas de symptôme, peuvent poursuivre leur activité ». Pour tous ces praticiens, la prise de risque est ré elle au moment : de l'examen endobuccal aidé d'un abaisse-langue, d'un miroir d'examen, d'une pré celle ou d'une sonde ; des rhinoscopies anté rieures ; des fibroscopies et endoscopies des voies aé rodigestives supé rieures ; des intubations ; des soins dentaires et prothé tiques ; des avulsions dentaires ; des gestes opé ratoires de la cavité orale (des dents et des mâchoires). Si l'examen ou l'intervention chirurgicale de patients infecté s par le COVID-19 ou suspects d'une telle infection (toux, dyspné e, fiè vre) n'est pas indispensable en urgence, il faut reporter cet examen ou ce geste. Recommandations relatives à la pré vention et à la prise en charge du COVID-19 chez les patients à risque de formes sé vè res cache = ./cache/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284220-55mckelv author = batista, m. title = Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2207 sentences = 148 flesch = 63 summary = title: Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World The article provides an estimate of the size and duration of the Covid-19 epidemic in August 2020 for the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and the World using a multistage logistical epidemiological model. The second is that at the beginning of the outbreak or at a new wave, the parameters of the models are not known (Keeling & Rohani, 2008) , or better they depend on the course of the epidemic. In the graph in Figure 4 , we can see that the trend in predicting the size of the epidemic and its duration was linear, then began to rise sharply at the end of June and reached its peak in mid-June with an estimate of 10 million final infections. cache = ./cache/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284327-psz2usnx author = Banda, J. title = KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAWI date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3709 sentences = 235 flesch = 55 summary = During an interview by mobile phone, we ascertained sources of information about COVID-19 and we evaluated knowledge of respondents about the transmission and course of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization [3] , controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in local communities requires adopting preventive behaviors that either a) reduce the extent of contacts between population members or b) limit the likelihood that the coronavirus will be transmitted if such contact occurs. We then asked a series of questions about the COVID-19 pandemic, including sources of information, knowledge of transmission patterns and disease course, and preventive behaviors. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 doi: medRxiv preprint questions that asked respondents whether they agreed with several statements about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (5 statements), and the course and risk factors of COVID-19 (6 statements). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 doi: medRxiv preprint available information, respondents had imperfect knowledge of the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and particularly of the course and severity of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284272-68ykes60 author = Suso-Ribera, Carlos title = How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID–19 Quarantine in Spain date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5397 sentences = 233 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, the goal of the present study is to investigate the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to the extent to which a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, behavioral, and personality/cognitive correlate with well-being just at the beginning of the quarantine in Spain (first three days). Status during the Beginning of the Quarantine (First Three Days) and Comparison with Data from the General Population Before the Quarantine As indicated in Table 3 , participants in the present study reported more depressed mood (t = 5.79, p < 0.001, d = 0.30) and anger (t = 4.81, p < 0.001, d = 0.25), as well as less vigor (t = −12.49, p < 0.001, d = 0.69) and friendliness (t = −9.41, p < 0.001, d = 0.47) compared to data from the general population previous to the current COVID-19 crisis [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author = Wei, Yiping title = Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4267 sentences = 223 flesch = 51 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. Our study on 276 inpatients in Zengdu Hhospital confirms that COVID-19 patients in the areas surrounding the core COVID-19 outbreak region showed mainly mild and moderate illness with fever and lymphocytopenia as the main clinical features. Moreover, compared to studies in which only seriously ill COVID-19 patients were admitted, our admission criteria better reflect the disease characteristics in the area around the outbreak point, so as to provide a decision-making reference for hospitals in the residential area to decide which patients should stay at home for observation and which high-risk patients should be hospitalized in a timely manner. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284385-ster02o9 author = Gambichler, Thilo title = On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19 date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7160 sentences = 412 flesch = 41 summary = The present review summarizes up-to-date evidence addressing the frequently discussed clinical controversies regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with viral infections, including AIDS, hepatitis B and C, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, influenza, and COVID-19. [10] [11] [12] Since irAEs may require immunosuppressive therapy, including high-dose corticosteroids and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers, the risk of infection or reactivation of chronic or latent viral infections (eg, HBV or hepatitis C virus (HCV)) may be secondarily increased. Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with HIV infection and advanced-stage cancer: a systematic review Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C viral infection The safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers and preexisting chronic viral infections (hepatitis B/C, HIV): a review of the available evidence cache = ./cache/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284403-f8s4123u author = Becq, Aymeric title = Drastic decrease of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours during the Covid-19 pandemic in the paris area date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4284 sentences = 236 flesch = 56 summary = MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours in the Paris and Petite Couronne area. The main result is that compared to the usual stable case load, the COVID-19 pandemic coincides with a drastic drop in the number (44.4%) of urgent acts performed outside regular working hours. cache = ./cache/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284301-fg3hk94b author = Umemura, Yutaka title = Hematological Phenotype of COVID-19-Induced Coagulopathy: Far from Typical Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3700 sentences = 178 flesch = 40 summary = Methods: To elucidate the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 pneumonia, this retrospective, observational study targeted consecutive adult patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared hemostatic biomarkers with non-COVID-19-induced septic ARDS. The aim of this study was to reveal the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by severe COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing the hemostatic parameters chronologically with those in patients with ARDS induced by non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We also performed multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis to evaluate the time series differences during the first seven days in other organ dysfunction parameters, including P/F ratio, serum creatinine level, serum bilirubin level, Glasgow Coma Scale, and SOFA subscore for the cardiovascular component between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Second, we enrolled patients with different pathophysiology (bacterial ARDS) as the control group for the study purpose of evaluating the specific phenotype of severe COVID-19-induced coagulopathy by comparing it to other types of sepsis. cache = ./cache/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284335-bz3y03y0 author = Ng, Janice Natasha title = The Aftermath of COVID‐19 in Dermatology Practice: What's next? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 64 flesch = 50 summary = The rapidly increasing number of COVID‐19 patients and evidence of human‐to‐human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re-emerging their practices after COVID-19. All rights reserved On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic, with an estimated number of 118,000 positive cases in over 110 countries around the world, and a threat of further global spread. Months or even years from now, even if the declaration of this pandemic is lifted, we cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health-seeking behaviours of our patients. After this pandemic, patients will likely be more cautious in consulting for aesthetic concerns, thus we can provide educational material regarding the preventive measures for disease transmission in our practice. cache = ./cache/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284353-f7zkp9cf author = Sheikh, Aziz title = Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1140 sentences = 63 flesch = 54 summary = W ith nationwide school closures currently operating in 191 countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has estimated that 1.6 billion (90.2%) students are currently out of primary, secondary and tertiary education (henceforth schools) as a result of the global COVID-19 lockdown [1] . In the absence of a robust evidence base on lockdown exit strategies, we consider the range of options being taken globally to reopen schools with a view to informing the formulation of national plans. Although COVID-19 tends to be less severe in children and adolescents, and thankfully relatively few students have died of the condition, a key policy concern has been that young people may be important community reservoirs for the transmission of the virus to household members. A recent (unpublished) systematic review concluded that children and young people under 20 are 56% less likely to contract SARS-COV2 from infected individuals than adults this suggesting they may play a smaller part in transmission than originally thought [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284365-g46myqe7 author = Guo, Qian title = Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: a mixed-method study date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4758 sentences = 229 flesch = 47 summary = Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN + QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P < 0.001). The Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item version (PHQ-9) (Kroenke et al., 2001) , Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment 7-item version (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) (Barbosa-Leiker et al., 2013a) , and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were used to assess the levels of psychological distress of all participants (Wortmann et al., 2016) . Compared with normal controls, patients with COVID-19 presented higher levels of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284298-tcied4l5 author = Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title = Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6816 sentences = 351 flesch = 40 summary = In the present study, twenty one early career psychiatrists (9 females and 12 males) from thirteen countries, comprising at least one from five of the seven continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f America and South America) were approached without coercion by the lead (MIO) and co-lead (RdF) authors via WhatsApp and emails to share insights and experiences about the challenges and good practices faced in the management of delirium and other psychiatric conditions manifesting in patients with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era. Finally, the mental health sector should use the lessons from this pandemic to develop protocols and guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions in periods of infectious disease outbreaks to increase their level of preparedness globally (Table 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284494-4klrtjpb author = Handoko title = Ensuring Safety and Sustainability of Radiotherapy Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resources Constrain Country: An Indonesian Experience date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 114 flesch = 45 summary = This article describes the Indonesian experience in ensuring sustainability of radiotherapy services during the pandemic, highlighting various important adjustments which were made to allow radiotherapy centers nationwide to continue operating while protecting staff and patients from the risk of disease transmission. We will also elaborate on various handy strategies which can be adopted by many other radiotherapy centers to handle the expected surging number of patients during and after this COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a rapid survey was carried out on the following week to assess the impact of various restriction implemented by government and each hospital during COVID-19 pandemic toward the practice and services of all the participating radiotherapy centers in Indonesia. In Indonesia, all centres with the exception of seven centers with equipment breakdown or limited operation in the previous year, reported reduction of number of treatment, for both EBRT and brachytherapy during COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284424-6gljl7n5 author = Brown, Eric E. title = Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5004 sentences = 266 flesch = 45 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. We discuss and propose mitigation strategies for: the risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated morbidity and mortality for individuals with ADRD; the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and clinical management of ADRD; consequences of societal responses to COVID-19 in different ADRD care settings; the effect of COVID-19 on caregivers and physicians of individuals with ADRD; mental hygiene, trauma, and stigma in the time of COVID-19; and the potential impact of COVID-19 on ADRD research. Thus, in the context of a rapidly evolving situation, this Special Article discusses and proposes mitigation strategies for six major issues: (1) why individuals with ADRD are at high risk for COVID-19 and its associated morbidity and mortality; (2) how COVID-19 will impact the diagnosis and clinical cache = ./cache/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284529-0ri4kw4k author = Håkansson, Anders title = Impact of COVID-19 on Online Gambling – A General Population Survey During the Pandemic date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5955 sentences = 215 flesch = 53 summary = The aim of the present study was to describe past-30-day use of different gambling types during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals defined as online gamblers, in order to enable a comparison with past-30-day data reported from a previous survey in online gamblers carried out in 2018. For those reporting past-30-day gambling, compared to those denying that but reporting past-year gambling for the same gambling type, being a moderate-risk or problem gamblers was significantly more likely among the recent gamblers for landbased casino gambling, land-based electronic machine gambling, and for any sports betting, but less likely for online horse betting. In the present study, for most gambling types, the past-30-day gamblers either did not differ from past-year gamblers, or had a higher degree of gambling problems, such as for sports betting (as discussed above), landbased electronic gambling machines, or land-based casino. cache = ./cache/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284398-rhfwbyav author = Aboubakr, Hamada A. title = Stability of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6425 sentences = 341 flesch = 54 summary = In another study, aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 retained its infectivity for a period of 16h at room temperature and the authors concluded that the virus can be considered as an airborne pathogen (Fears et al., 2020 and was infectious after 72 hr of aerosolization (Ijaz, Brunner, Sattar, Nair, & Johnson-Lussenburg, 1985) . In the first study, SARS-CoV-2 retained its infectivity for 4 days but was completely decayed after 7 days on plastic surface at room temperature and 65% RH (Chin et al., 2020) . Although this study reported longer virus survival, it has been shown that the survivability of SARS-CoV-1 on plastic surface is drastically affected by increases in temperature and RH as described below. In another study, a this virus with a higher initial load (5.5 log TCID 50 ) retained its infectivity for 4 days and was completely inactivated after 7 days on stainless steel at room temperature and RH of 65% (Chin et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284498-54j6ys8s author = Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah title = Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5702 sentences = 398 flesch = 47 summary = Some of the significant challenges and research opportunities are the development of standard techniques for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in the water phase, assessment of favorable environments for its survival and decay in water; and development of effective strategies for elimination of the novel virus from water. Development of effective standard techniques for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in water, assessment of the existing water purification technologies and development of novel advanced water treatment systems are major challenges and open research opportunities. Furthermore, careful surveillance of water and wastewater to be used as an early warning tool for such outbreaks in future, understanding the survival and decay mechanism of the novel virus in water and wastewater, analysis of potential pathways of SARS-CoV-2 into water bodies are other potential research opportunities for environmental researchers [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . cache = ./cache/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284555-5qbigvun author = Kent, David M. title = When predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources: three considerations for models in the era of Covid-19 date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1760 sentences = 93 flesch = 40 summary = MAIN BODY: We review three issues of importance for microallocation: (1) Prediction of benefit (or of medical futility) may be technically very challenging; (2) When resources are scarce, calibration is less important for microallocation than is ranking to prioritize patients, since capacity determines thresholds for resource utilization; (3) The concept of group fairness, which is not germane in shared decision-making, is of central importance in microallocation. Because prognostication by physician clinical judgment is vulnerable to myriad cognitive biases [2] and prone to error [3, 4] , and because the extreme psychological burdens of this approach to allocation of life-saving resources should be avoided, there is an important potential role for prognostic models. While more generally it is assumed that patients at highest risk derive the most benefit from medical interventions, amongst the critically ill, this assumption is turned on its head: medical futility (i.e. dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy) is typically thought to be the most useful prediction for withholding of scarce critical care resources. cache = ./cache/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284519-cufyqv7h author = Singu, Sravani title = Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7910 sentences = 425 flesch = 55 summary = Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. The CDC confirmed that individuals with preexisting diagnoses of asthma, cardiovascular (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or are elderly, immunocompromised, or obese have higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19 (4) . For example, education level of an individual can impact his or her occupation, which determines economic stability and income level, which can impact the type of healthcare the individual is eligible for and what neighborhood the individual lives in, which then impacts the social and community context the individual is surrounded by and those factors played important role in current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, health literacy was played a major role in whether an individual understands a health emergency situation, such as COVID-19 pandemic, and whether he or she will follow recommendations, such as social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284640-tl9nmvog author = Tabah, Alexis title = Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3271 sentences = 176 flesch = 56 summary = PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). While pain, heat stress and fluid loss with using Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) were predicted by experimental data (14) , there are no real-life reports of this issue when using PPE that is available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to describe the current reported practices, availability, training, confidence in the use and adverse effects due to extended use of PPE by HCWs from around the world caring for COVID-19 patients who require ICU management. This survey provides a snapshot of the reported availability, perceived adequacy of training and provided protection, adverse effects and usage of PPE among HCW managing COVID-19 patients in critical care environments from across the globe. cache = ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284449-z7r4n0w7 author = Ma, L. title = Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2847 sentences = 181 flesch = 53 summary = This study provides the first direct evidence about the influence of medical condition of COVID-19 on male sex hormones, alerting more attention to gonadal function evaluation among patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the reproductive-aged men. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-matched healthy men, and found serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in male with COVID-19. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-matched healthy men, and found serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in male with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284566-u0elncex author = Siu, Henry Yu-Hin title = A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4210 sentences = 202 flesch = 46 summary = title: A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada The top five outbreak preventions measures implemented in respondent LTC homes were: 1) instituting established isolation protocols for respiratory conditions (92.5%, 148/160); 2) active screening of new LTC admissions (90.0%, 144/160); 3) increasing staff education about infection control processes (83.1%, 133/160); 4) active coordination with regional public health officials (83.1%, 133/160); and 5) encouraging sick staff members to take time off work (83.1%, 133/160). We present in this study the results of a systematic survey of Ontario LTC clinicians about the communication, preparedness, and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, our survey reports the widespread implementation of several important interventions in LTC homes during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, actively coordinating with regional public health and encouraging sick staff members to take time of work). cache = ./cache/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284470-so8bq046 author = Coe, Taylor M. title = Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 466 sentences = 34 flesch = 37 summary = title: Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era 2 Herein, we describe several practical strategies for resident education focused on operative preparation, educational didactics and skills development and simulation, that transcend the geographical and temporal restrictions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic (Figure 1 ). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, video-based education (VBE) has become an increasingly utilized, effective technique for both knowledge acquisition and operating room preparation. Utilization of online audience response systems and small group-based learning, such as through ZOOM™ breakout rooms, provides a means for not only engaging learners remotely, but also providing instructors an opportunity to assess content understanding and knowledge deficits. These flexible recommendations allow surgical residency programs the opportunity to maintain a rigorous educational experience despite the limitations imposed by COVID-19. Is Video-Based Education an Effective Method in Surgical Education? cache = ./cache/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284453-topozldw author = Dimri, V. P. title = Understanding Trend of the Covid-19 Fatalities in India date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1799 sentences = 112 flesch = 62 summary = In order to forecast the COVID-19 pandemic behavior in India, we first examined the total number of confirmed cases and the rate of daily increase in the number of cases reported in India ( Fig. 1a and b) . Note that the early segment of the curve is fitted with data, whereas the remaining segment is predicted based on the SIR model.This model assumes that it is a rational portrayal of the one-stage epidemic and represents the dynamic process of COVID-19 infections in a population over a specific time.Hence, the forecast is as good as data are. In this note, we have presented the analysis of short-term forecasting of COVID-19 infections in India based on SIR, quadratic and exponential approaches. Shows results from SIR model: (a) total number of predicted together with observed cases, and (b) number of COVID-19 cases per day in India. cache = ./cache/cord-284453-topozldw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284453-topozldw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284573-w0sk622m author = Caduff, Carlo title = What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9277 sentences = 517 flesch = 58 summary = Published by a group of experts without peer review on an institutional website, the report compared Covid-19 with the great pandemic of 1918, which killed over 50 million people worldwide and suggested, without any evidence, that SARS-CoV-2 was "a virus with comparable lethality to H1N1 influenza in 1918." 1 Most frightening in all this was not so much the lethality of the SARS-CoV-2 virus but the license to rush forward with predictions, abandon basic standards of science, and make dramatic claims to scare people. This extreme and unprecedented blanket approach systematically imposed on entire populations was driven by a number of factors that variously prevailed in different countries across the world: a growing sense of panic, constant media sensationalism, deep authoritarian longings, increasing political pressure to contain the spread of the virus, disturbing accounts of overwhelmed hospitals unable to cope with the surge of patients, misleading mortality calculations, and, most importantly, a trust in the power of mathematical disease modeling. cache = ./cache/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284829-dge21g0g author = Dinakaran, Damodharan title = Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Selective Review date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2288 sentences = 174 flesch = 38 summary = In this selective review, the authors present the neuropsychiatric manifestations and postulated mechanisms of COVID-19. Though the most common presentation is a self limiting viral illness with fever and dry cough, severe infection is reported in 15-20% of the affected population (26) . In about 5% of the severely ill patients, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Multi organ involvement and septic shock leads to further clinical deterioration. Acute polyradiculopathy (Guillain Barre Syndrome -GBS) has been reported related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) . The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report cache = ./cache/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284671-r4m1wrbk author = Racine, Nicole title = Evidence suggests children are being left behind in COVID-19 mental health research date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 985 sentences = 62 flesch = 56 summary = To inform policy and practice, our research group conducted a large-scale search across 5 research databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) to identify the prevalence of mental health difficulties in children and adults since COVID-19. While 25% of the world's population are children, they make up only ~ 8% of research being conducted on the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Child mental health research is drastically lagging behind research on adults, and there is an urgent need to prioritize funding for research initiatives that explicitly examines children's mental health. Both disparities in child mental health research and service access are problematic, particularly in the face of COVID-19, which will increase the need for innovative solutions to decrease the mental health burden for children. To date, the available evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and its associated mitigation strategies on child and adolescent mental health is scarce [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284833-g914vww5 author = Qiu, Tingting title = Chinese guidelines related to novel coronavirus pneumonia date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5732 sentences = 247 flesch = 42 summary = A total of 15 guidelines focusing on pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 cases were further investigated (Table 1) , including 3 national guidelines: the 'Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia' released by the National Health Commission, the 'Guideline for the appropriate use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)' released by China Association of Chinese Medicine, and 'Notifications on the dosage adjustment of Chloroquine Phosphate' released by National Health Commission. Twelve were provincial guidelines, including 4 focused on the diagnosis and treatment released in Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei province, Shandong province, and Guangdong province, 6 guidelines for the appropriate use of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19, and 2 guidelines provided recommendations specific to the optimal use of Chloroquine Phosphate. The new dosage adjustment of the Chloroquine Phosphate was included in the 7 th version of the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and the Guangdong expert consensus. cache = ./cache/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284804-6i5zbmm1 author = Pan, Feng title = Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a case-control study date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4632 sentences = 254 flesch = 52 summary = Methods: In this case-control study, patients with severe COVID-19 in this newly established isolation center on admission between 27 January 2020 to 19 March 2020 were divided to discharge group and death event group. In the course, persistently lower lymphocyte with higher levels of CRP, PCT, IL-6, neutrophil, LDH, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and increased CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio and were observed in death events group, while these parameters stayed stable or improved in discharge group. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate the risk factors for death events involving the stratified clinical, radiographic, and laboratory parameters with significant differences between two groups on admission, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. Besides, more abnormities of biochemical and hematological parameters were observed in death event group compared with discharge group, such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, PCT, LDH, D-dimer, cTnI, and BNP ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284786-pua14ogz author = Coker, Eric S. title = The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7036 sentences = 315 flesch = 45 summary = In this paper, we empirically investigate the ecologic association between long-term concentrations of area-level fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and excess deaths in the first quarter of 2020 in municipalities of Northern Italy. We estimate a negative binomial model of excessive deaths on historical PM 2.5 concentrations and a series of control variables that may plausibly affect both PM 2.5 concentration and mortality, including population density; the spatial concentration of the industrial manufacturing sites; climatic conditions observed during the first quarter of 2020; and the demographic composition of the municipal population among others. Among the covariates, PM is the concentration of fine particulate matter in municipality i and is the associated parameter, which we expect positive and statistically different from zero; X is a vector of control variables that adjusts for the potential confounding effects and includes the (log of) total population as the offset while is a normally-distributed error term. cache = ./cache/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284853-6efhdogi author = Xie, Yun title = Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1831 sentences = 100 flesch = 52 summary = Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been clinically used as an adjunctive drug in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by influenza [3] , but there is controversy about its therapeutic effect on COVID-19 pneumonia, despite inclusion in the seventh edition of the guidelines stating that it can be considered for use in severe and critically ill patients. For this reason, this study retrospectively observed the relationship between the prognosis of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the adjuvant therapy of IVIG and explored whether IVIG could improve the clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and prognosis of these patients. In summary, initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation, shorten the hospital length of stay, promote the early recovery of patients, and improve the effective treatment of patients to achieve significant clinical efficacy. cache = ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284782-51mbq7qb author = Huang, Jing title = Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 314 sentences = 21 flesch = 63 summary = key: cord-284782-51mbq7qb authors: Huang, Jing; Liu, Fangkun; Teng, Ziwei; Chen, Jindong; Zhao, Jingping; Wang, Xiaoping; Wu, Renrong title: Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 cord_uid: 51mbq7qb Besides, a total of 6, 097 medical workers from different provinces in China were in Hubei province to assist in the COVID-19 by Jan 30, 2020 2 . For example, the emergency medical team from the Second Xiangya Hospital is able to set up field hospitals and ambulances to help and serve the With the increasing spreading of the virus worldwide, COVID-19 outbreak is now becoming a pandemic. None of the authors has any potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response cache = ./cache/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author = Gavriilaki, Eleni title = Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6004 sentences = 319 flesch = 32 summary = Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction and share mutual pathophysiological mechanisms [1] . Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered studies testing hypotheses on the role of the endothelial dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Α high rate of VTE (43%, mainly PE) overall was reported in another series of 150 ICU patients in which patients with COVID-19associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had higher rates of thrombotic complications compared with non-COVID-19-ARDS [65] . Autoantibodies against human epithelial cells and endothelial cells after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284598-ksoonwf9 author = Liu, Shan title = Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1716 sentences = 90 flesch = 40 summary = The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells for treatment of ARDS: a phase 1 clinical trial Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment prevents H9N2 avian influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice In vivo effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in two patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284820-29uiq6at author = Wang, Junfeng title = Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Air Quality in Northern China date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5692 sentences = 278 flesch = 46 summary = We found that the traffic restrictions, especially the restriction of intra-city travel intensity (TI), exhibited a significant heterogeneous effect on NO(2) with a decrease of approximately 13.6%, and every one-unit increase in control measures intensity reduced the concentration of air pollutants by approximately 2–4%. Our study chose data including daily air pollutant concentrations and weather conditions in the BTH region and designed a DID model to quantitatively identify the effect of control measures on air pollution during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, real-time monitoring data from China's air pollution monitoring stations were used to demonstrate air pollutant concentration trends before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and a DID model was used to estimate the causal effect of the implementation of lockdown measures on air quality, controlling for the interference of meteorological, vacation, and other important factors. The implementation of control measures reduced air pollution, which provided empirical evidence on the identification of the causal effect of lockdown measures on air quality during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284576-nemh4wdo author = Sims, Jonathan T. title = Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1643 sentences = 91 flesch = 42 summary = Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with ageand sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled 69 frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that 70 intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine 71 The COVID-19 pandemic created an overwhelming need to define host-derived molecular 96 mediators of disease severity evident in hospitalized patients. cache = ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284888-bkee6isv author = Samies, Nicole L title = Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure in an Adolescent With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1452 sentences = 78 flesch = 46 summary = Herein, we describe an adolescent with COVID-19 without respiratory symptoms or abnormal chest radiography who presented with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first published report of a pediatric patient with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis due to acute renal failure. Despite fluid resuscitation, the patient became anuric and was transferred to a tertiary care children's hospital on the same day as his initial presentation for further management of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). These patients also presented with respiratory distress or were noted to have abnormal chest radiography, with only one of these reports progressing to renal failure requiring hemodialysis due to rhabdomyolysis. In this report, additional virological data provided by serial sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR documents continued viral shedding from the respiratory tract even after improvement of rhabdomyolysis and renal function. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric patient with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis due to AKI. cache = ./cache/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284596-kxioojck author = Belvis, Robert title = Headaches During COVID‐19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2388 sentences = 169 flesch = 56 summary = Many studies have analyzed the clinical picture of COVID‐19, but they are focused on respiratory symptoms and headache is generically treated. 3 Headache was presented in 20%-56% of patients 3 and was the 5th more frequent symptom after fever, non-productive cough, mialgia, and chills/rigor. Headache seems to be the 5th most frequent COVID-19 symptom after fever, cough, myalgia/ fatigue, and dyspnea. 18 The prevalence of headaches in COVID-19 infection seems to be underestimated in terms of variety and clinical description because in the current studies the focus has likely been directed toward severe respiratory patients. The presentation of headache in COVID-19 patients after the improvement of the "influenza" phase, between the 7th and the 10th day of the clinical onset, can be a predictor marker of the onset of the cytokine storm. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284545-vn60yd46 author = Sanyaolu, Adekunle title = Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3742 sentences = 182 flesch = 49 summary = Furthermore, older patients, especially those 65 years old and above who have comorbidities and are infected, have an increased admission rate into the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality from the COVID-19 disease. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Adekunle Sanyaolu sanyakunle@hotmail.com 1 Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria A retrospective study of middle-aged and elderly patients with COVID-19 found that the elderly population is more susceptible to this illness and is more likely to be admitted to the ICU with a higher mortality rate [3] . Authorities speculate that subjects with comorbidities were linked to a more severe disease outcome when infected with the novel coronavirus when compared with patients with no underlying disease [31] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284851-gtdyexp1 author = Green, Jon title = Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication on the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2786 sentences = 125 flesch = 46 summary = We examine polarization in cues sent to the public by current members of the U.S. House and Senate during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, measuring polarization as the ability to correctly classify the partisanship of tweets' authors based solely on the text and the dates they were sent. We find further evidence of polarization in elite communication regarding the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of natural language processing and machine learning techniques, which en-able us to correctly classify the partisanship of 76% of tweets based solely on the text features they contain and the dates they were sent. Plot (B) shows the increases of political ideology of members of Congress by the median predicted probability of their test set tweets being authored by a Republican. Our analysis of tweets sent by members of Congress during the early months of the outbreak indicates that members quickly polarized around the issue, with Democrats discussing the issue earlier, more frequently, and with more emphasis on public health and direct aid to affected workers. cache = ./cache/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284734-qioy7eso author = Pourahmad, Ramtin title = Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IVIG) on Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3073 sentences = 168 flesch = 45 summary = According to recent observations about different modalities in treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection. According to the medical experiences in the treatment of patients infected with other members of coronavirus family such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . As the world confronting a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) could be an ideal option for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. According to the reports, China has used immunoglobulin replacement therapy on several COVID-19 patients during the outbreak of this novel coronavirus which showed promising results [46] . The use of convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir in the successful management of a critically ill obstetric patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: a case report. cache = ./cache/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284879-sjkni2uc author = Song, Suk-Kyoon title = IgG Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among Individuals without a History of the Coronavirus Disease Infection in Daegu, Korea date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2559 sentences = 146 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: Serologic testing for immunoglobulin G antibody based on immunochromatographic assay was conducted in 103 patients and 95 guardians aged 18 to 82 years without any history of COVID-19 diagnosis, who visited outpatient clinics of a single university-affiliated hospital from May 25 to June 5, 2020. 4-15 However, a significant fraction of the population has developed antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that the infection is much more pervasive than implied by the number of confirmed cases. Next, we compared seroprevalence among subgroups stratified by characteristics of study subjects, including age (< 40, 40-59, ≥ 60 years), gender, body mass index (BMI) (< 25, ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), smoking history (current, previous, never), history of doctor-diagnosed diabetes or hypertension (yes, no), reason for the current hospital visit (patient, guardian), and the presence of COVID-19 confirmed cases among close contacts (yes, no). cache = ./cache/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284883-bkydu285 author = Luis Silva, L. title = Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4500 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. cache = ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284756-jhwd6q0c author = Baddour, Khalil title = Potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3599 sentences = 197 flesch = 45 summary = Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 , cancer survivors (defined as such from the time of diagnosis) represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be disproportionately affected by financial burdens surrounding the pandemic. [13] [14] [15] Patients with cancer may take a "double hit" from both costs of cancer care and financial strains imposed by the pandemic related to (a) prolonged unemployment for both cancer survivors and their caregivers, (b) the possibility of additional disease burden from treatment delay or interruptions, and (c) increased risk of COVID-19 infection (and its resulting health consequences). Self-reported financial burden of cancer care and its effect on physical and mental health-related quality of life among US cancer survivors cache = ./cache/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284873-m1ehdydr author = Cadegiani, Flavio A. title = Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2536 sentences = 158 flesch = 38 summary = title: Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality following infection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was thought to be solely associated with aging and pre-existing conditions; however, as the pandemic ensued, several large scale epidemiological observations eluded to additional atypical risk factors, particularly hypertension, obesity, and male gender (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) . The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) has been shown to be central in COVID-19, since three of the key modulators of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity-angiotensin 1-7, ACE2, and AT1-belong to the RAAS, in addition to the TMPRSS2 expression (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) . Abnormal ACE2 expression, angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 imbalance, and TMPRSS2 androgen-mediated overactivity seem to be key regulators of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, in accordance with epidemiological observations of hypertension, obesity, and male sex as being major risk factors. cache = ./cache/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284955-6y6nnqno author = Jing Liang, Jing title = Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1830 sentences = 130 flesch = 58 summary = Herein, our objective was to investigate the characteristics of laboratory findings of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: The levels of lymphocytes, uric acid (UA), and globulin in the T2DM group were significantly higher. CONCLUSION: T2DM patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed decreased levels of body mass index (BMI), lymphocytes, UA, and albumin, and increased CRP levels. Considering the above, we hypothesized that the reduction in the UA levels of patients with COVID-19 was the result of antioxidant reaction and overconsumption of free radicals after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In recent studies, LDH levels are increased in COVID-19 patients [17, 18] and related to the severity of the disease [4] . The results of the current study also indicated that LDH levels were increased in patients with COVID-19. The decreased BMI, UA, and albumin levels may be associated with oxidative stress response and nutritional consumption. cache = ./cache/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284984-sdx3cceq author = Norman, Richard E. title = Typically Atypical: COVID‐19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 707 sentences = 66 flesch = 57 summary = An 83-year-old woman presented to an emergency department following an unwitnessed fall at home, with her only complaint being a vague sense of dizziness that developed that day. Much of the attention regarding care of older adults with COVID-19 has focused on its significant mortality rate (reaching 10%-27% for those >85 years 6 ) or the possible need for rationing of limited resources, such as ventilators. 8 There is already evidence that screening based on typical symptoms alone, which failed in this case, is insufficient to identify COVID-19 in older adults. 9, 10 This has significant implications for both clinical care and infection prevention and control, particularly in congregate living settings such as nursing homes, where frail older adults have experienced disproportionately high COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Coronavirus disease 2019 in geriatrics and long-term care: the ABCDs of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284948-zd27i5n6 author = Pomar, María D. Ballesteros title = Nutricion Clínica en tiempos de COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2058 sentences = 220 flesch = 50 summary = La Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN) organizó desde el inicio de la pandemia, a través de su página web, un apartado específico de información sobre COVID-19 en el que se incluyeron recomendaciones específicas para el enriquecimiento de la dieta, prioritarias para estos pacientes con alto riesgo de DRE6. El tratamiento médico nutricional no es estático, por lo que cada 48-72 horas debe valorarse el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos, y si no se alcanzan a pesar de suplementación nutricional oral, los datos del estudio EFFORT y las recomendaciones habituales de las guías clínicas en este tipo de pacientes pluripatológicos10 nos indican la necesidad de emplear nutrición enteral de forma precoz, bien complementaria a la oral o completa, preferiblemente con una fórmula hipercalórica hiperproteica, ajustada a los requerimientos estimados. cache = ./cache/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284946-3y16j3ts author = Addo, Isaac Yeboah title = Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5815 sentences = 254 flesch = 48 summary = As the UN, human rights institutions, governments, and civil society groups and movements continue to promote greater acceptance of people from different racial categories and encourage greater respect for human rights across the globe, the numerous reports of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in the fight against the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrate that more work is needed to achieve the UN's goal of eliminating all forms of racial discrimination. Factors associated with the racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour during this pandemic are complex and may include post-colonial perception of racial superiority, fear of COVID-19 infection, 'inflammatory' comments by significant public figures, vengeance for fellow citizens who have experienced abuse elsewhere, and perception of differences in COVID-19 susceptibility due to differences in phenotypic physical features. The racial discrimination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified existing health vulnerabilities of non-citizens and people of colour [14, 38] . cache = ./cache/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284965-6hss53nu author = Evans, M. V. title = Reconciling model predictions with low reported cases of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Madagascar date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3092 sentences = 168 flesch = 53 summary = We show that the current incidence of COVID-19 cases can be explained by any combination of the late introduction of first imported cases, early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and low case detection rates. There are three leading potential explanations for the lower observed burden of 89 COVID-19 in SSA: 1) low case detection, 2) region-specific epidemiology (e.g., different R0), and 90 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20149195 doi: medRxiv preprint Our exercise shows that the current incidence of COVID-19 in Madagascar can be 145 explained by the early and effective implementation of NPIs and low case detection rates, both of 146 which are supported by strong anecdotal evidence. We demonstrate that the 220 current trend in reported cases in Madagascar can be explained by its early stage in the epidemic, 221 combined with low detection rates and lower contact rates from NPIs ( Fig. 2A) . cache = ./cache/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284944-hcgfe9wv author = Silvin, Aymeric title = Elevated calprotectin and abnormal myeloid cell subsets discriminate severe from mild COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10781 sentences = 503 flesch = 46 summary = Thus, we performed high dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patient peripheral blood cells and detected the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, the accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes, and the release of massive amounts of calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) in severe cases. Validating these discovery experiments, we performed mass cytometry analysis of an independent cohort of 12 patients (four in each group; control, mild and severe) ( Table S5) , which showed a lower fraction of CD14 Low CD16 High non-classical monocytes in severe compared to mild patients ( Figure 3F and 3G ). This study presents evidence that patients who develop a severe COVID-19 exhibit high levels of calprotectin and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines correlating with an emergency myelopoiesis generating ROS-and NOS-expressing immunosuppressive myeloid cells (HLA-DR Low monocytes and immature subsets of neutrophils). cache = ./cache/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284925-vy2li9lz author = Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu title = COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4717 sentences = 268 flesch = 52 summary = We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. Ophthalmologists are at risk of COVID-19 infection, since routine ophthalmic examinations are usually performed in a setting with close doctor-patient contact. We have also shared the precautions and strategies that we have implemented in our ophthalmic practice, based on our previous and current successful experiences in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the current COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong. For healthcare workers, surgical masks should be worn when performing sterile procedures, or as general protection against droplets infections. The close proximity of patients and doctors during eye examination, the presence of tears and liquids for anesthesia and dilation, or the potential aerosol or droplets from "air puff" tonometry, all pose a high risk for infective transmission. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings cache = ./cache/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285111-qjclp51i author = Davanzo, Riccardo title = Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 209 flesch = 53 summary = The Italian Society on Neonatology (SIN) after reviewing the limited scientific knowledge on the compatibility of breastfeeding in the COVID‐19 mother and the available statements from Health Care Organizations has issued the following indications that have been endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (UENPS). • If a breastfeeding mother and her newborn infant are managed jointly, measures aimed at preventing the transmission of the viral infection should be put in place: avoid kissing the neonate, protect him from adult coughing and respiratory secretions (wear a mask during feeding and intimate contact with the baby), wash hands, in particular, before feeding, suspend visits. We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID-19 pandemic, its perinatal transmission, and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284983-xvtkso79 author = Vigiola Cruz, Mariana title = Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3938 sentences = 187 flesch = 39 summary = title: Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. The catheter should be flushed with heparinized saline following each critical step of the procedure to ensure adequate Insertion of the catheters in surgical clinic for ambulatory patients with CKD mimics the ICU bedside technique, with slight modifications. In our limited series, bedside placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a safe and effective option for establishment of access for renal replacement therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284995-8lyr3gs4 author = Fiorina, Laurent title = COVID-19 et troubles du rythme date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1416 sentences = 147 flesch = 59 summary = Les connaissances dans ce domaine sont encore loin d'être exhaustives mais plusieurs séries publiées concernant les patients atteints de la COVID-19 retrouvent une proportion significative de troubles du rythme, dont certains pouvant potentiellement mener à une issue fatale. Sur une série de 146 patients hospitalisés pour la COVID-19, 20% avaient une atteinte myocardique (définie comme une élévation significative de troponine I, avec des signes électrocardiographiques (ECG) compatibles avec une ischémie myocardique) résultant en une J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f mortalité de 51.2% comparée à 4.5% chez les patients sans atteinte myocardique [2] . Troubles du rythme observés à la phase aigüe : Description -Les palpitations étaient un symptôme de présentation initial de la maladie chez 7.3% des patients hospitalisés pour la COVID-19 dans une série de Wuhan en Chine [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285223-07o9irev author = Malik, Usman Rashid title = Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4795 sentences = 237 flesch = 51 summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285056-b2iltrqx author = Dichter, Martin N. title = COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2286 sentences = 117 flesch = 46 summary = title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes In cases where people with cognitive impairment (e.g. dementia) and challenging behavior need to be isolated, this is usually done in a separate unit or room (e.g. in the rooms of a closed day care facility which can be a subsidiary facility of a nursing home) and often with a caregiver who is then responsible only for that particular resident. Therefore, infection management and person-centered care have to be weighed carefully in order to maintain the residents' social participation, mental health, and quality of life. Based on this information, residents and caregivers have to negotiate the implementation of infection management measures and to deal with the need for the provision of person-centered care under the current circumstances. cache = ./cache/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285187-1h5tjs0r author = Kuchenbuch, Mathieu title = An accelerated shift in the use of remote systems in epilepsy due to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4826 sentences = 248 flesch = 51 summary = PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe epileptologists' opinion on the increased use of remote systems implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across clinics, education, and scientific meetings activities. Interestingly, before the COVID-19 pandemic, remote systems were significantly more frequently used in China for clinical activity compared with France or Italy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acute use of remote systems in clinics, education, and scientific meetings in the field of epilepsy and to explore the users' satisfaction and the perspectives of future use. We conducted a cross-sectional, electronic survey of epileptologists, neurologists, and pediatric neurologists mainly involved in the epilepsy field to determine the use of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic (supplementary data). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of respondents who had experienced remote working systems was higher in China than in the two other countries (91.6% versus 61.7% for France and 25% for Italy, p = 10 −4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284910-vjcrhwqz author = Kirresh, Ali title = COVID-19 infection and high intracoronary thrombus burden date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1773 sentences = 88 flesch = 38 summary = Emerging evidence demonstrates a strong association with a pro-thrombotic state and we present the first patient admitted with COVID-19 and an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with evidence of high intracoronary thrombus burden. We review the mechanism of the high thrombus burden, which may be driven by the significant cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, increase risk of coronary plaque rupture and hypercoagulability. We present the first patient admitted with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with evidence of high intracoronary thrombus burden and provide a review of potential underlying mechanisms. There are emerging theories regarding the mechanism of increased thrombus burden seen in COVID-19, central to which seems to be a significant proinflammatory state (8). Plaque rupture results in an increase in tissue factor (TF), collagen and platelet activation causing increased fibrin production and a higher thrombus burden (16) . cache = ./cache/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285228-famhbr16 author = Larsen, Joseph R. title = Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7013 sentences = 318 flesch = 49 summary = To this end, we apply a Markov Process to a graded partially ordered set based on clinical observations of COVID-19 cases to ascertain the most likely order of discernible symptoms (i.e., fever, cough, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea) in COVID-19 patients. The seven-symptom implementation of the Stochastic Progression Model of COVID-19 shows that these additional symptoms did not perturb our initial ordering of fever, coughing, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea, but instead added another level of intricacy in the middle of the likely paths (Figure 4) . The most likely path of COVID-19 symptoms is fever, then cough, and next either sore throat, myalgia, or headache, followed by nausea/vomiting, and finally diarrhea, and this order is the same as the one indicated by the implementation developed from the confirmation dataset (COVID-19 with N = 1,099) (Figure 4) (16) . cache = ./cache/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285202-aiap6z9u author = Short, Briana title = Rapid implementation of a mobile prone team during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1726 sentences = 95 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSION: The rapid development of a mobile prone team safely provided prone positioning to a large number of COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. The rapid implementation of the mobile COVID-19 Prone Team that travelled to multiple ICUs at our institution during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased the ability to prone patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. By utilizing OTs and PTs who were familiar with critical illness and positioning patients, and by developing a careful but efficient training program, the COVID-19 Prone Team was able to safely provide an evidence-based intervention to critically ill patients with ARDS in a variety of ICU settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid development and implementation of a mobile prone team allowed for increased capacity to prone patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in ICUs beyond the MICUs to meet the surge of critically ill patients during the height of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285291-pep4opiq author = Remy, Kenneth E. title = Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7168 sentences = 423 flesch = 41 summary = T he worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has already resulted in critical care demands overwhelming resources in nations such as Italy (1) . Prone positioning for at least 12 hours daily in adults with severe ARDS may increase ventilator-free days, reduce in-hospital mortality, and reduce the need for rescue therapies like inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (16, (65) (66) (67) (68) . Nonpharmacologic approaches to these modifiable risk factors include frequent environmental reorientation, cognitive stimulation, minimizing sleep interruptions, engaging familiar visitors, limiting use of sedative medications, and scheduled sedation "holidays." These strategies have consistently shown improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and are now considered standard of care (117) . EPVent-2 Study Group: Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FIO 2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285103-lj2vmbik author = Louie, Philip K. title = The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Surgeons Worldwide date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 207 flesch = 47 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In this first, international study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgeons worldwide, we identified overall/regional variations and infection rate. The medical community has provided treatment algorithms, protocols for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), resource allocation, and collaborative efforts to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 6 ; however, the standardization and global acceptance of such protocols remain under question, and not all centers have such resources in abundance. The current study addressed the multidimensional impact of COVID-19 on health care professionals, particularly spine surgeons, worldwide. With >900 respondents worldwide, we noted variations between regions for COVID-19 testing, government/leadership perceptions, impact of media/news outlets, hospital capacity for COVID-19, and economic consequences. Despite these limitations, this remains the largest international survey to assess multiple domains of impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had among health care professions, in this case surgeons. cache = ./cache/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285051-jmdfyydc author = Fan, Wen-juan title = Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1566 sentences = 120 flesch = 52 summary = title: Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review BACKGROUND: This study will explore the effect of advanced nursing care (ANC) on psychological disorder (PD) in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS: This study will explore the effect of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19 through outcome indicators. [12] A variety of studies reported that patients who received or even cured with this condition often experience psychological disorder (PD), including depression, and anxiety. Therefore, this study will aim to assess the effect of ANC on managing PD in patients with COVID-19. The present study will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on investigating the effect of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19, irrespective language, and publication status. Thus, this study is the first one to systematically and comprehensively appraise the effects of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285254-8a1cia8s author = Parry, Nicola M.A. title = COVID-19 and pets: When pandemic meets panic date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3624 sentences = 206 flesch = 57 summary = Concern also rapidly emerged among pet owners and the general public in late February 2020, when a dog in Hong Kong tested positive for the novel coronavirus. Although the dog had no clinical signs, he was taken to a nearby animal quarantine facility where oral, nasal, and rectal swab specimens were collected from him for SARS-CoV-2 testing. In late March 2020, health officials in Belgium reported that a cat from Liège province had also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, about 1 week after its owner was diagnosed with COVID-19. Thus, the positive RT-PCR results in these pets do not necessarily indicate the presence of viable virus that was infectious and could potentially have put other people (or animals) at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285030-ecsa83kf author = Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan title = Reply to “COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue”: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 132 sentences = 18 flesch = 76 summary = key: cord-285030-ecsa83kf authors: Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan; Ortega-Quijano, Daniel; Prieto-Barrios, Marta; Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M.; Fernandez-Nieto, Diego title: Reply to "COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue": Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 285030 cord_uid: ecsa83kf nan Dermatologists have a unique opportunity to study COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations during this pandemic, and illustrative images are the first step for other colleagues to start looking for them. A golden principle of medicine becomes now more important: "the more you see, the more you know; and the more you know is the more you see". COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective cache = ./cache/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285060-hzyf7w0k author = Cruz, Misael C. title = Adapting to the contemporary normal in cancer management and workflow during COVID-19 situation in the Philippines: Multi-cancer center collaborative approach date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1062 sentences = 74 flesch = 49 summary = • Cancer management adapting to the current state of health during COVID-19 pandemic. • Measures to be adopted in cancer management and workflow after COVID-19 pandemic. Phase III shows the treatment management process for those with confirmed COVID-19, and those who will proceed with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Phase IV includes the disposition plan after intervention for confirmed COVID-19, and resumption of regular schedule for chemotherapy or radiation therapy for those without COVID-19 (Figure 1 ). Patient prioritization protocol for planning, and start of radiation therapy was based on the following case category 7-10 : Patients classified as suspected/probable/confirmed COVID-19 will follow the infectious control committee protocol based on DOH-Philippine Society of Molecular and Infectious Diseases guidelines 4 . Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) Guide on cancer care in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Cancer patient management during COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285360-svczr721 author = Ganesh, Aravind title = Ignorance is not bliss: managing uncertainty in acute stroke treatment in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1608 sentences = 68 flesch = 34 summary = Treatment delays may seem inevitable with competing priorities like donning/doffing PPE, greater attention to the patient's respiratory status with more frequent pre-emptive intubation, and a Fig. 1 During typical emergency medical scenarios like ischemic stroke, there are various factors that are immediately available ("known") at the time of decision-making for physicians, patients, and their caregivers/ proxies, whereas other factors are potentially knowable but lost to an "information bottleneck" and still others lie hidden behind a "knowledge barrier" (a). The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a constellation of systemic and workflow changes that have resulted in additional unique challenges in information flow for emergency medical decision-making (b). Nevertheless, by appreciating the underlying pitfalls in information flow, we can adopt a more proactive and nuanced approach to emergency decision-making and potentially mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on patient care (Fig. 1d) . cache = ./cache/cord-285360-svczr721.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285360-svczr721.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285069-duiowb88 author = García-Pachón, Eduardo title = Asma y EPOC en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1282 sentences = 143 flesch = 62 summary = En las series de hospitales de China y de Italia los casos de pacientes con asma y EPOC estaban muy por debajo de lo esperado para la prevalencia de estos procesos [1] [2] [3] [4] . Los hallazgos discrepantes en la prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas en pacientes con COVID-19 en los distintos países y la posibilidad de que estas enfermedades o su tratamiento puedan modificar el riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 han motivado el análisis de esta situación en nuestro medio. Estas características, junto a lo descrito en otras series, podrían hacer sospechar que puede existir un menor riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, y por lo tanto de desarrollo de COVID-19, por lo menos en algunos tipos de pacientes con asma en nuestro medio. Concluimos que en nuestro medio los pacientes con asma o EPOC no parecen expuestos a mayor riesgo de ingreso por COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284979-lyt98od1 author = Sia, Charmaine Si Min title = Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Proposed Clinical Management Strategy date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2859 sentences = 161 flesch = 43 summary = We report our experience in treating the first case of COVID-19 in a HD patient in Singapore who had a severe clinical course including acute respiratory distress syndrome and propose a clinical management strategy. We also highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention for disease control, dialysis support in an acute hospital isolation facility, deisolation protocol, and discharge planning due to prolonged viral shedding. A case series of an outbreak in a dialysis center in Wuhan, where HD patients were observed to have a milder disease course or total absence of symptoms with lower levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, suggested that this is due to the inability to mount an effective cellular immune response and hence an absence of cytokine release syndrome [3] . We examined international guidelines provided by different centers [14] and proposed a workflow based on the time points of the clinical course of COVID-19 disease in ESKD patients (Fig. 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285369-ktg2b9jb author = Mohamed, Mouhand F. H. title = Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3221 sentences = 233 flesch = 52 summary = title: Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Hence, we aimed to pool the proportion of various reported lung abnormalities detected by LUS in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. The finding from our review highlights the potential role of this modality in the triage, diagnosis, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients. We used a proportion meta-analysis to summarize or pool the frequency of various findings on lung US (based on our scoping review, we concluded that the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy could not be computed from the constituent studies). Forest plot presenting (A) the pooled proportion of B-pattern and (B) consolidation (the higher frequency of subpleural or pulmonary consolidations reported by the primary study) detected by lung ultrasound in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. 2020: Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285207-hsbzcpl3 author = Facchin, Federico title = COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 578 sentences = 37 flesch = 59 summary = for sharing how an international group of hand surgeons managed surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic [1] . Our healthcare facility created an internal study group called Plastic Surgeons Against COVID-19 (PSAC) to deal with specific issues related to the pandemic [4] . An analysis of the cases treated in one month from the beginning of the lockdown (9 th March -9 th April 2020) confirmed the impact of COVID-19 in hand surgery and dictated the need for precise screening to limit the spread of the infection (Table 1) . We agree that hand surgery units need to share COVID-19 preventive protocols to allow elective and non-elective procedures to continue safely. COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons Effectiveness of preventive measures against Covid-19 in a Plastic Surgery Unit in the epicenter of the pandemic in Italy cache = ./cache/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285349-850n4pot author = Omarjee, Loukman title = Can Ticagrelor be used to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19? date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1367 sentences = 80 flesch = 39 summary = The authors mentioned that "coagulation dysfunction, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism have been observed in severe COVID-19 [1] ." We would like to discuss a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we aim at discussing the potential use of Ticagrelor in COVID-19, to reduce PNA, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, and vascular leakage. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof Experimental models of sepsis and human clinical trials have also shown that platelet receptor P2Y12 inhibition reduced sepsis-induced mortality [7] [8] [9] [10] . In the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) study, Ticagrelor reduced mortality risk following pulmonary adverse events such as bacterial kung infection and sepsis in acute coronary syndrome patients [7] . Therefore, when given at the early onset of COVID-19, Ticagrelor, through inhibition of platelet-neutrophil aggregates, NET release, and vascular leakage might prevent SIC, progression to DIC and associated morbi/mortality in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285384-xay5aw7y author = Naser, A. Y. title = Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4194 sentences = 249 flesch = 54 summary = Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 nd and 28 th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the GP, HCPs, and USs during the outbreak of COVID-19. University students, females, younger population (18-29 years), single and divorced, participants who completed their bachelor degree (from the GP), with lower-income category (500 JD and below), pulmonologist and ENT specialists (for HCPs), participants with no history of chronic diseases (for the GP and USs) tend to have higher depression and anxiety median scores compared to others. cache = ./cache/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285370-qv64xzjh author = Dandel, Michael title = Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection: the role of echocardiography in patient management date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1885 sentences = 80 flesch = 39 summary = Comparing the clinical and echocardiographic (ECHO) characteristics of patients treated in the intensive-care unit (ICU) with those of inpatients who did not necessitate intensive care, the study revealed valuable data which provide important insights into the highly complex and still barely known issue of cardiac manifestations related to COVID-19 infection. It has been observed that almost one third of the hospitalized non-critically ill COVID-19 infected patients can exhibit pulmonary hypertension (PH) and/or right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and that patients who necessitate cardiorespiratory therapy in an ICU can develop isolated RV failure (RVF), more often associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) related to high-pressure mechanical ventilation or derived from pulmonary embolism and/or small pulmonary vessel in situ thrombosis [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author = Bein, Berthold title = SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2244 sentences = 280 flesch = 48 summary = Die Case Fatality Rate (Zahl der Infizierten, die verstirbt; Letalität) von SARS-CoV-2 beträgt aktuellen Berechnungen nach nur 1,4 %, wobei das Risiko für eine symptomatische Infektion mit zunehmendem Alter ansteigt (ca. Die Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) zitiert in ihren kürzlich publizierten Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 eine aktuelle Metaanalyse, in der keine Überlegenheit von speziellen "respiratory masks" (analog unseren FFP2/FFP3-Masken) gegenüber konventionellem Mund-Nasen-Schutz bezüglich einer Ansteckung von medizinischem Personal, das infektiöse Patienten betreut hatte, gefunden werden konnte [30] . Das bedeutet konkret, dass die Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 zuallererst auf "Best Standard Care" beruht, also auf einer optimalen Anwendung evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen, die für die Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS) erarbeitet wurden [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285277-8w03car3 author = Hare, Nathan title = COVID-19: Unmasking Telemedicine. date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6010 sentences = 364 flesch = 54 summary = Abstract Telemedicine adoption has rapidly accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Telemedicine provides increased access to medical care and helps to mitigate risk by conserving personal protective equipment and providing for social/physical distancing in order to continue to treat patients with a variety of allergic and immunologic conditions. Committee established a Telemedicine Work Group (TWG) to review multiple aspects of 107 telemedicine including utility, adoption procedures, billing, security, electronic medical record 108 (EMR) integration, education, and state specific issues. The opportunity cost of non-reimbursed or under-reimbursed care 289 has been a major barrier to telemedicine implementation and prior to COVID-19 prevented 290 many physicians and health systems from offering potentially valuable telemedicine services to 291 their patients. (CMS) has historically placed strict limits on criteria for telemedicine reimbursement, requiring 307 patients receiving telemedicine services to reside in a rural area and travel to a designated 308 health center to receive facilitated care via a synchronous live video link. cache = ./cache/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285232-0p27ez9i author = Boriani, Giuseppe title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical activities related to arrhythmias and electrophysiology in Italy: results of a survey promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing) date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5849 sentences = 217 flesch = 36 summary = The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions: five of them focused on the characteristics of the participating centre (i.e. involvement of the centres and of the physicians in the management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19, volume of annual CIEDs implantations and ablation procedures); seven of them focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the number of CIED implantations and ablation procedures performed in both elective and emergency settings, and on the number of cases of acute pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in emergency setting; two of them focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of remote monitoring (RM) of CIEDs; the remaining four were focused on the possible organizational strategies for post-COVID-19 recovery phase. Based on the reported procedure volumes, we estimated that, during the two months March-April 2020 in the 84 centres that participated in the survey, globally about 2200 fewer CIEDs had been implanted and about 960 fewer ablations had been performed (in both elective and emergency settings) compared to the same period of the previous year. cache = ./cache/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285407-h9og17i9 author = Annunziata, Salvatore title = Surveys on COVID-19 in nuclear medicine: what happened and what we learned date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1134 sentences = 69 flesch = 45 summary = During the pandemic, Nuclear Medicine (NM) departments have been involved in several changes and issues, such as new scheduling praxes for NM diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the assistance of patients with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19, and the prevention of COVID-19 spreading in the departments. For these reasons, some research groups promoted different international surveys to understand the impact of the pandemic on NM departments [1] [2] [3] . The Young Group of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) developed the first international survey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in NM and performed a preliminary report of the obtained responses [1] . Another international research group promoted a survey about the global impact of COVID-19 on NM departments [2] . Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nuclear medicine departments: preliminary report of the first international survey Global impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine departments: an international survey in cache = ./cache/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285327-m0yaa1oa author = Vuitton, Dominique A. title = A plea for the pathogenic role of immune complexes in severe Covid-19 date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 675 sentences = 37 flesch = 41 summary = This hypothesis is justified by the delayed occurrence of the cytokine storm and patient's aggravation, pathological observations of endothelitis, association with disseminated microvascular thrombosis in the most severe cases, and location of the lesions to specific organs, including heart, brain, kidney and skin [1, 4] ; similar observations are common in experimental and clinical models of pathogenic ICs, such as serum sickness, or viral diseases with IC deposition and massive inflammatory reactions [5] . In the recent weeks, observations of intravenous immunoglobulins-(Igs-) responsive Kawasaki-like disease in children with SARS-CoV2 infection [6] and the efficacy of IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in a severely ill COVID-19 teenage patient [7] were published. The specific humoral and cellular immune response towards SARS-CoV2 was comprehensively analyzed in a non-severe case of the disease [11] . Breadth of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285395-vybruu3o author = Polat, Veli title = Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1110 sentences = 70 flesch = 41 summary = title: Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 Rarely, pulmonary embolism may be encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care units. An asymptomatic young case of COVID-19 presenting with sudden death due to acute massive pulmonary embolism has not been previously described. CT pulmonary angiography and chest CT scans revealed acute massive embolism and typical imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. COVID-19 infection appears to induce venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism. Lately, cases of acute PE associated with severe COVID-19 infection have been reported. We report a case of acute massive PE, resulting in sudden death associated with COVID-19. COVID-19 pneumonia was detected in addition to massive PE during chest CT imaging, which was planned according to electrocardiogram and echocardiographic findings compatible with pulmonary embolism. Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? cache = ./cache/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285397-rc65rv6r author = Comfort, Louise title = Crisis Decision Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3817 sentences = 209 flesch = 50 summary = Yet, decades of diminished investment by constituent nations and corresponding charges of mismanagement have left the existing international governance mechanisms, such as WHO, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), without the resources, personnel, monitoring systems or global operational networks necessary to mount an early and effective response. Drawing on research from decision making in complex, dynamic conditions (Hutchins 1995; Comfort 2007; Kahneman 2012) , we examine four basic functions -cognition, communication, coordination, and control-that appear central to governmental decision processes in all countries as public officials grapple with how to recognize, respond, and recover from this deadly, invisible threat. The following section briefly characterizes the policy actions taken by three countries in response to the threat of COVID-19 but focuses on the function of cognition as the initial step toward building effective communication, coordination and control of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285428-fcrunf38 author = Halstead, Scott B. title = COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 684 sentences = 56 flesch = 47 summary = Efforts to develop vaccines against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are well advanced, based in part on experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). 3 Convalescent SARS antibodies given early in illness have been shown to reduce disease severity. 7 Gamma globulin prepared from immune donors or protective monoclonal antibodies offer possibilities of short-term protection for care givers and healthcare workers and, in particular, for those at high risk of severe or fatal COVID-19. To avoid possible enhancement of COVID-19, antibodies might be given to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections after the removal or inactivation of the IgG Fc terminus. Efforts are well underway by many groups to derive monoclonal antibodies or manufacture gamma globulin from the huge cohort of COVID-19 convalescent immunes. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285469-b61y9ezi author = Hernández-Fernández, Francisco title = Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7007 sentences = 368 flesch = 42 summary = The aim of our study is to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, neuroimaging and available pathological anatomy data, as well as the presentation, therapeutic management and clinical outcomes of patients with acute CVD in a healthcare setting with a high incidence of transmission of this virus. We registered all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported during this period, and included all patients diagnosed with acute CVD, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic, treated consecutively by neurology, neurosurgery and the intensive care unit. Bivariates studies were designed to contrast the main variables among CVD patients, between ischaemic/haemorrhagic subtypes within the COVID-19 group, and to assess clinical prognosis. The other three haemorrhagic cases were detected on varying days of clinical evolution because having been intubated, sedated and treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neurological manifestations were masked prior to tracheal extubation, when difficulty arousing these patients was observed. cache = ./cache/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285406-mlpqvshk author = Van Praet, Jens T. title = Prevention of nosocomial COVID-19: Another challenge of the pandemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 679 sentences = 41 flesch = 50 summary = 2 The duration of infectivity is uncertain, with one study reporting that 90% of mild cases had a negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by day 10. Because the hospitalization duration of these patients clearly exceeded the minimal incubation period, these infections were considered nosocomially acquired, transmitted by healthcare workers or external visitors. First, from the beginning of week 12, we screened all healthcare personnel with direct patient contact for cases of low-grade fever (>37.4°C) and acute developing or worsening respiratory symptoms and tested possible cases using nasopharyngeal swabs and real-time PCR. In these same weeks, the screening positivity rates of symptomatic healthcare workers in our hospital were 8.6% (6 out of 70), 31% (17 out of 54), 39% (16 out of 41) and 28% (16 out of 57), respectively and the numbers of patients diagnosed with probable nosocomial COVID-19 were 0, 4, 4, and 23, respectively. Of 31 probable nosocomial COVID-19 infections, 22 (71%) were observed at geriatric wards. cache = ./cache/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285484-owpnhplk author = Salfi, F. title = Changes of evening exposure to electronic devices during the COVID-19 lockdown affect the time course of sleep disturbances date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3936 sentences = 255 flesch = 56 summary = We investigated the relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep disturbances during the home confinement period due to COVID-19. Results: Participants who increased electronic device usage showed decreased sleep quality, exacerbated insomnia symptoms, reduced sleep duration, higher sleep onset latency, and delayed bedtime and rising time. 33, 34 Based on this evidence, the present study aimed to shed light on the relationship between the longitudinal changes of sleep disturbances between the third and the seventh week of home confinement in Italy and the retrospectively reported modifications of the exposure to electronic devices before falling asleep during the same lockdown period. In the present study, we showed a strong relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep parameters during the COVID-19 lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285472-cj5r3xt1 author = Kaur, Parminder title = Acute upper limb ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1113 sentences = 59 flesch = 42 summary = Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly present with upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, with complications related to cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. As per American Society of Hematology, some patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have fulminant activation of coagulation and consumption of coagulation factors, which meets the criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation as per International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thus, complement inhibition may be a reasonable treatment for COVID-19-related systemic thrombosis by reducing the innate immune-mediated consequences of severe coronavirus infection [10] . In conclusion, we report a COVID-19 patient who developed arterial thrombosis leading to acute ischemia in the right upper extremity. Changes in blood coagulation in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285467-uxfk6k3c author = Ragni, Enrico title = Management of osteoarthritis during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7077 sentences = 353 flesch = 37 summary = Since an effective immune response against viral infections depends on cytotoxic T cells activation (25) , experimental evidence supports the observation that overexpression of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 during the viral immune response might be associated with a decreased viral clearance by impairing the polarization and functionality of Th1 and CD8 cells (26), contributing to the worsening of the COVID-19 symptoms, and their management may appear an intriguing therapeutical approach. Overall, the administration of drugs for the control of inflammation, inhibiting the response of the immune system, may be detrimental in the initial phases of the viral infection, reducing the ability of the body to react to the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as observed in patients chronically treated for rheumatoid arthritis (27) . All rights reserved This shall prompt orthopaedics and clinicians in general to evaluate with extreme care the clinical conditions of OA patients not only under the perspective of OA symptoms management but also for undercurrent comorbidities, naturally occurring or OA-treatment-related, that, in the era of COVID-19 pandemic, may strongly affect patients outcomes more than the net combination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and OA. cache = ./cache/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285490-tpsf05ca author = Solís, José Gabriel title = Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1793 sentences = 130 flesch = 39 summary = title: Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm He developed acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy without reversibility, despite optimal treatment. 2 We report the case of a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented with rhabdomyolysis as a cardinal manifestation, discuss the possible mechanisms, and propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. Laboratory tests revealed grade 3 acute kidney injury (AKI) with a creatinine level of 11 mg/dL (basal value 0.7 mg/dL); increased blood levels of creatine kinase (CK) (> 400,000 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase; and electrolyte disturbances with hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and severe metabolic acidosis. The underlying cause of muscle injury must be identified and treated, which is difficult in patients with COVID-19 because there is no specific therapy. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis and renal replacement therapy: a critical review cache = ./cache/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285486-99trkti1 author = Abd-Elsalam, Sherief title = Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2928 sentences = 166 flesch = 53 summary = Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that HCQ treatment was not significantly associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients. So, adding HCQ to standard care did not add significant benefit, did not decrease the need for ventilation, and did not reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. 1. Hydroxychloroquine group: This group included 97 patients who received HCQ 400 mg twice daily (in day 1) followed by 200 mg tablets twice daily added to the standard of care treatment adopted by the Egyptian MOH for 15 days. 18 Although cardiac toxicity is a known adverse event requiring monitoring during treatment, HCQ showed promise in treating SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with multiple comorbidities including coronary artery disease. 12 studied the change in symptom severity over 14 days in nonhospitalized patients between HCQ and control groups and did not find any significant difference (P = 0.12). cache = ./cache/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285402-x86yw525 author = Banskota, Swechya title = 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5253 sentences = 325 flesch = 56 summary = App categories were determined based on app categories already in place on the Apple Store, with the exception of a category to address the specific needs of OAs with visual and hearing impairment, for which we did a custom search using the terms "blind" and "deaf" Details about the app developer, cost (both to download and for services included in the app), function, ratings and reviews, and user experience (in the form of anecdotes) were searched and summarized. App ratings ≥ 4.5 and ≥ 3,000 reviews on the Apple Store Exceptions • Facetime was included due to known popularity and use • Medisafe was given an exemption from exclusion due to known beneficence from background literature search health, and meets OAs' various social and functional needs during social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285491-ad6jiqh9 author = Lazzerini, Marzia title = Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1188 sentences = 55 flesch = 51 summary = During Italy's national lockdown for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), official hospital statistics in the period March 1-27, 2020, show substantial decreases-ranging from 73% to 88%in paediatric emergency department visits compared with the same time period in 2019 and 2018 (figure). The substantial decreases in paediatric care access in Italy might reflect scarcity of available resources due to pandemic-related redistribution, or reticence on the part of parents and caregivers to risk exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a health-care setting, in addition to lower rates of acute infections and trauma. Two children presented to the emergency department with acuteonset type 1 diabetes and severe ketoacidosis due to delayed access to hospital care, even though parents had recognised abnormal symptoms (eg, polydipsia, polyuria, and dyspnoea); both required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). cache = ./cache/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285414-vd2d7db2 author = Yu, Qian title = Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3080 sentences = 188 flesch = 48 summary = title: Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients In this study, we aimed to assess the imaging characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse composite endpoints in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to report the quantitative imaging characteristics and risk factors for adverse composite endpoints, including admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure occurrence, and shock during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Jiangsu province, China. In this retrospective, cohort, and AI-assisted study, we reported the imaging risk factors associated with adverse clinical composite endpoints, including admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure, and shock during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Jiangsu province, China. Our study of 421 COVID-19 patients suggested an increased pulmonary lesion in bilateral upper lungs were independent risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes, which as far as we know, has not been reported. cache = ./cache/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285526-xm9yj5ua author = Gill, Balvinder Singh title = Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4331 sentences = 223 flesch = 49 summary = We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. Thus, the parameter ζ represents the effect of social distancing and the parameter κ reflects the proportion of the exposed people complying to practicing hand-hygiene, use of face masks, and any form of individual effective precautionary measures [24] , which depicts the model in simulating the control measures taken in preventing COVID-19 transmission in Malaysia. Despite the low (β) value in our study, it is vital that MCO measures be instituted to control the outbreak, as was observed with the exponential rise of cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia due to the effect of a mass gathering event. This study recommends the implementation of MCO measures, which are effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia, showing an observed reduction of peak active cases by 99.1%. cache = ./cache/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285521-lvzdmtun author = Olagundoye, Olawunmi title = Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1648 sentences = 103 flesch = 50 summary = title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician's perspective Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; the elderly; prevention; national health policy; older persons. 6. Inclusion of the older persons/senior citizens amongst the selected population groups that deserve specific guidelines on the NCDC website addressing their peculiar needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We must revise our practices around the care of older persons during this pandemic, both clinically and socially, to ensure that our most vulnerable populations are protected. cache = ./cache/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285533-f1fonmo6 author = Zeng, Jia title = Clinical efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2885 sentences = 152 flesch = 44 summary = The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (7(th) Edition) includes tocilizumab as a recommended drug for immunotherapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Some studies [3] [4] [5] have found that the main pathophysiological basis of COVID-19 causing respiratory failure and even hypoxic death, is immune cells released by mononuclear/macrophage cells after infection with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood which further activate the body's immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, etc.) or non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells), causing these cells to release a large number of cytokines (cytokine storm), thereby seriously destroying the ventilation function of lungs. The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (7 th Edition) includes tocilizumab as a recommended drug for immunotherapy in patients with severe COVID-19 [6, 7] . The results showed that after tocilizumab treatment, the lymphocyte count and oxygenation index of the improved patients increased significantly, while CRP and FIB showed an overall downward trend. cache = ./cache/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285502-rvv64190 author = Yang, Lie title = Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4124 sentences = 220 flesch = 47 summary = During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. However, during the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) are of potential infectiousness due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and need to be collected, transported, storage and treated as part of HCWs (MEE, 2005 (MEE, , 2006a . For instance, MSWs from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals and isolation locations were packaged and collected as HCWs. Therefore, all of these HCWs were collected with strict segregation packages and managed according to the criterions of infectious wastes (MEE, 2008) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285579-gvgt55o4 author = Asif, Rehan title = Rare complication of COVID-19 presenting as isolated headache date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1412 sentences = 104 flesch = 51 summary = An 18-year-old man presented with persistent isolated headache 2 weeks after recovering from acute COVID-19 illness. Extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) was detected on CT venogram despite him having no other thrombotic risk factors. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) accounts for 0.5% of strokes and has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation 1 ; however, headache is the most common manifestation occurring up to 90%, and sometimes it can be the only symptom. 8 Our reported case is unique as he recovered from the initial COVID-19 illness which was mild and did not even require hospital admission. We suggest that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with worsening headache after acute or recent COVID-19 infection. ► Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations; however, headache can be the only presenting symptom. cache = ./cache/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285574-i0dh1u5i author = Ferini-Strambi, Luigi title = COVID-19 and neurological disorders: are neurodegenerative or neuroimmunological diseases more vulnerable? date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6800 sentences = 310 flesch = 38 summary = The main goal of this viewpoint review is to assess the vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 among neurological disorders with different pathogenesis and age-related targets such as neurodegenerative vs neuroimmunological diseases. Since SARS-CoV-2 effects on neurodegenerative, as well as neuroimmune diseases, might vary across the different pathogenesis and clinical features, we consider the evidence within three sections: (i) vulnerability to the infection; (ii) modification of the clinical course of disease, in relation to clinical neurological manifestations, disease progression and innovative strategies, to support clinicians in the management of the disease; (iii) trigger for future neurodegeneration. Taken together, these findings suggest that although PD patients may represent a particularly vulnerable population for age-related target, respiratory muscle rigidity related to the disease, and presence of several comorbidities, PD by itself do not appears increase the risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 and developing COVID-19 ( Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285435-fu90vb2z author = Björklund, Tua A. title = Expanding entrepreneurial solution spaces in times of crisis: Business model experimentation amongst packaged food and beverage ventures date = 2020-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6817 sentences = 288 flesch = 37 summary = Examining 844 social media posts of 66 ventures between March and May 2020 and interviewing 17 of these ventures, we found ventures to experiment with new business model variations, which not only expanded their set of solutions directly, but resulted in action-based learning leading to longer-term changes and increased capabilities for subsequent value creation. The current study sheds light into how entrepreneurs can experiment with new opportunities and business models to expand entrepreneurial solution spaces in such times of wide-spread collective crisis, examining the activities of packaged food and beverage ventures during the Covid-19 pandemic in Finland. Although further research into the post-crisis effects of such solution space expansions, as well as if, when and how new capabilities are subsequently put to use for business model innovation is still needed, at its best, entrepreneurial experimentation can create new value, capabilities and lasting resilience for both ventures and those in their ecosystem. cache = ./cache/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285510-qrivd52o author = Zokaeinikoo, M. title = AIDCOV: An Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Model for Detection of COVID-19 from Chest Radiography Images date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4638 sentences = 236 flesch = 51 summary = We develop a novel hierarchical attention neural network model to classify chest radiography images as belonging to a person with either COVID-19, other infections, or no pneumonia (i.e., normal). This hierarchical structure enables the model to capture the dependency of features extracted from chest images via a pre-trained network (e.g., VGG-16) in both horizontal and vertical directions and helps improve model performance. While the early layers of VGG-16 learn low-level features of the image, our hierarchical attention model learns subtle signs of COVID-19 and other viral/bacterial infections and determines the final classification. The hierarchical attention model had a sensitivity (true positive rate) of 99.3%, a specificity (true negative rate) of 99.98%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.6% for detecting COVID-19 from chest radiography images (Figure 2) . These results suggest that AIDCOV performs well in detecting COVID-19, other viral/bacterial infections, and normal cases based on the chest radiography images. cache = ./cache/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285681-nv1aa116 author = Lesniewski, Andrew title = Estimating population immunity without serological testing date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1224 sentences = 92 flesch = 65 summary = We propose an approximate methodology for estimating the overall level of immunity against COVID-19 in a population that has been affected by the recent epidemic. The methodology relies on the currently available mortality data and utilizes the properties of the SIR model. We illustrate the application of the method by estimating the recent levels of immunity in 10 US states with highest case numbers of COVID-19. The purpose of this brief note is to propose an approximate methodology for determining the level of immunity in a population affected by (an infectious disease such as) COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076786 doi: medRxiv preprint of the full cycle of COVID-19 appears to be about 6 months, we believe that any choice in the range of 20 to 30 would be appropriate. Our algorithm relies on the following properties of the SIR model. Using early data to estimate the actual infection fatality ratio from COVID-19 in France cache = ./cache/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285726-eav5gr3y author = Tran, B. X. title = Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3465 sentences = 251 flesch = 55 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 doi: medRxiv preprint Cumulatively, current research evidence has partly shaped our knowledge about COVID-19, but there has been still raising more questions to address , which require sharing information and providing scientific expertise and leadership of all countries to accelerate research efforts. [21] [22] [23] In this study, by using text visualization and topic modeling approaches as a part of natural language processing and machine learning, we aimed to explore the research focus in general and in countries with different levels of income and COVID-19 transmission features. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 doi: medRxiv preprint By using the natural language processing approach with the Latent Dirichlet allocation, this study was able to capture the focus of COVID-19 related publications in different settings. Global researchers were currently focusing on clinical management, viral pathogenesis, and public health responses in combating against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285739-0enn5bzn author = Gutiérrez Rodríguez, José title = Variables asociadas a mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3924 sentences = 356 flesch = 52 summary = Ese mismo día, tras un gran esfuerzo organizativo se abren las plantas para pacientes con COVID-19 en nuestro centro hospitalario: un total de 38 camas destinadas a pacientes mayores de 80 años con infección por coronavirus, que precisan hospitalización por presentar insuficiencia respiratoria aguda o descompensación de patología de base y que, en caso de empeoramiento clínico, no serían subsidiarios de beneficio de ingreso en UCI por sufrir algún grado de dependencia funcional y/o deterioro cognitivo 22 . En este ámbito asistencial, los objetivos de este trabajo han sido: a) estudiar las características epidemiológicas, clínica, analíticas y radiológicas de pacientes mayores de 80 años con algún grado de dependencia funcional y/o deterioro cognitivo ingresados con COVID-19 confirmado por diagnóstico de laboratorio, b) determinar la tasa de mortalidad, c) analizar las variables clínicas, terapéuticas, funcionales y mentales que se asocian a mayor riesgo de mortalidad. cache = ./cache/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285729-plbv62nz author = Lucchetti, Giancarlo title = Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3785 sentences = 192 flesch = 49 summary = Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). In an attempt to bridge this gap, the present study aims to evaluate the use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of the social isolation (i.e. hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). In the inferential analyses, logistic regression models were conducted using dichotomous religious and spiritual measures (e.g. Religious attendance: 1 = Once a week or more and 0 = Less than once a week) as independent variables and the mental health consequences of social isolation (e.g. How afraid are you with the pandemic? The present study investigated the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285711-2utcn0hw author = Elliott, Robert title = COVID-19 Related Mortality During Management of a Hepatic Abscess date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2071 sentences = 102 flesch = 48 summary = Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 has challenged healthcare systems to limit the spread of community and hospital-acquired of disease. In the setting of an ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), healthcare systems have been challenged to limit in-hospital transmission of the virus; a task noted to be incredibly difficult given the suggestion of what appears to be fairly high viral transmissibility (3, 4) . We presented a case of a patient death from SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the implementation of universal masking. In addition, now having lived this experience with universal masking, we question: (1) if there might be a survival advantage to short-interval masking during the height of seasonal influenza activity and (2) if there may be a benefit to expanded use of N95 respirators in the IR suite during AGP-type interventions performed on individuals presenting with respiratory infections not limited to Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285748-us5do6c2 author = Cheng, Yongqian title = SARS-CoV-2-Related Kidney Injury: Current Concern and Challenges date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5322 sentences = 295 flesch = 48 summary = Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unclear. Here, we review the recent findings of characteristics of COVID-19 in CKD patients and highlight the possible mechanisms of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Controversial results also exist like another study [18] indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found significantly correlated with incremental acute renal injury or aggravate chronic kidney failure in the COVID-19 patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant patients from this study showed that such cases may be severe enough requiring intensive care admission and these patients are in high risk of disease progression and death. Another study based on single-cell analysis by Lin and colleagues [28] also found that ACE2 was enriched in proximal tubular cells which may indicate that the kidney is more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285642-43sqmffe author = Topriceanu, C.-C. title = Inequality in access to health and care services during lockdown - Findings from the COVID-19 survey in five UK national longitudinal studies date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4911 sentences = 282 flesch = 50 summary = Interpretation: The UK government's lockdown approach during the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have deepened existing health inequalities, impacting predominantly females, ethnic-minorities and those with chronic illnesses. Separate regression models were using sex, ethnicity, SEP and presence of chronic illness as predictors of cancelled appointments or number of care hours needed during lockdown. In the meta-analysis, higher number of care hours was associated with ethnic minorities (OR 0·53 [0·35, 0·79], I 2 =34·17%), and with the presence of chronic illness (OR 2·20 [1·72, 2·56], I 2 =13·22%, Table 5 ). Individuals with a chronic illness were more likely to experience cancelled healthcare appointments and greater care needs during the UK national lockdown generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Bar charts illustrating the percentage of participants requiring support based on the number of care hours needed during the UK COVID-19 national lockdown stratified by sex, ethnicity and the presence of chronic illness across the cohorts. cache = ./cache/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285820-g8b7u3yf author = Taxonera, Carlos title = Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on Patient-Reported Experience Measures date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2788 sentences = 143 flesch = 45 summary = We evaluated the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations to manage IBD outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8, 9 The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate satisfaction of patients with telephone consultations. 10 Here, we report the outcomes and patient perception of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of outpatients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a global telemedicine survey among gastroenterologists by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) demonstrated the shift from face-to face clinics to remote telemedicine during COVID-19, with telephone consultations increasing the most, currently accounting for over half of all IBD visits. cache = ./cache/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author = Huang, Rui title = Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3379 sentences = 217 flesch = 59 summary = This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan (the outbreak center of the infection) [4, 6, 7] . conducted a retrospective, single-center study which included 99 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and found that the virus was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities, and the mortality rate was as high as 11% [4] . Another single-center study which analyzed 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, found that 26% of patients received ICU care and the mortality rate was only 4.3% [7] . In this multi-center study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and to identify the risk factors of severe illness among inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, which is located in the east of China. cache = ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285806-363ivs67 author = Magro, Giuseppe title = SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the 'culprit lesion' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5157 sentences = 257 flesch = 41 summary = In a humanized transgenic mouse MERS-CoV infection model, Remdesivir (a drug already being used against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe and moderate disease, GS-US-540-5773/4 Studies) showed more activity and efficacy in prophylactic and therapeutic use then the combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Interferon beta 9 , this points towards the necessity to explore other options regarding immune system modulation and how control of viraemia is also essential. More evidence suggests that critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure and SARS-CoV-2 have either immune dysregulation or macrophage-activation syndrome, both of which are characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is another evidence of the pro-inflammatory role of the trans-signaling pathway and it could also be the explanation as to why some patients show a higher inflammatory response mediated by IL-6, similarly to what is happening with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285513-pkqos0s5 author = Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina title = Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5745 sentences = 264 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, the aim of this case study was to investigate how urgent dental health care was managed in Norway, what additional infection prevention and control measures were employed by dental staff and to assess the dental staff perception of risk and workplace preparedness. Out of the dental staff working in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, up to 20% reported not to have available respirators FFP2 or FFP3 standard or equivalent, gowns and aprons in their workplace; there was a significant difference among the county incidence categories. Dental staff in public sector, OR 0.3 (CI 0.2; 0.5) and those working at clinics not designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, OR 0.6 (0.4; 0.9) were less positive to preparedness of their workplace regarding infection control equipment. In the present study, the majority of the dental staff working at the clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, reported to follow local guidelines for additional infection prevention and control developed by county and university. cache = ./cache/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285580-gq7400tq author = Pieretti, Joana C. title = Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles – potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4877 sentences = 281 flesch = 49 summary = In this mini-review, we discuss recent progress concerning the antivirus activity of NO in clinical, pre-clinical and research settings, and its beneficial effects in the treatment of clinical complications in patients infected with coronaviruses and other respiratory viral diseases, including COVID-19. Although positive biological effects have been reported for the administration of NO donors, further studies are required to better evaluate the levels of inflammatory mediators and the activity of important heme-containing enzymes, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), directly involved in the inflammatory responses in respiratory viral infections (Anderson and Russel, 2020) . In other words, NO demonstrates potential for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19 both in severe and nonsevere conditions, improving oxygenation and antiviral mechanisms, and preventing aggravation of the disease (Ferrari et al., 2020; Parikh et al., 2020) . Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285755-zblitbo0 author = Zhang, F. title = Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single center retrospective cohort study date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3069 sentences = 164 flesch = 42 summary = [Results] A total of 110 patients with confirmed (n=80) or suspected (n=30) COVID-19 were screened and 48 patients (female 31.3%, mean age 70.58{+/-}13.38 year old) among them with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) test within 48 hours after admission were included, of whom 17 (17/48, 35.4%) died in hospital while 31 (31/48, 64.6%) were discharged or transferred to other hospital. [Conclusions] Cardiac injury defined by hs-cTnI elevation and elevated d-dimer on admission were risk factors for in-hospital death, while higher SpO2 could be seen as a protective factor, which could help clinicians to identify patients with adverse outcome at the early stage of COVID-19. Short-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients are discrepancy and in-hospital mortality risk are high in severe cases[1] [2] Although previous study had indicated that several risk factors were independently associated with short-term mortality, such as elevated d-dimer, older age and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [2] , few studies focused on cardiac injury with COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285890-tbh54zju author = Yuan, Niu title = Investigation of adverse reactions in healthcare personnel working in Level 3 barrier protection PPE to treat COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2647 sentences = 130 flesch = 45 summary = PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of our study was to investigate potential adverse reactions in healthcare professionals working in Level 3 barrier protection personal protective equipment (L3PPE) to treat patients with COVID-19. During the 1 week of volunteer service while wearing level 3 barrier protection PPE (L3PPE), the author experienced discomfort including heat stress, perspiration, respiratory difficulties, facial skin indentation, nausea and vomiting. 6 While there is insufficient evidence to suggest the development of dizziness and nausea in healthcare professionals when wearing PPE, we further included the investigation of digestive discomforts in this study due to the personal experiences of the author who experienced nervous and digestive discomforts after wearing a L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19. ► Would healthcare professionals working in L3PPE experience varying degrees of adverse reactions, including skin reactions, respiratory difficulties, heat stress, dizziness and nausea? cache = ./cache/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285829-adz819gj author = Maneenop, Sakkakom title = The impacts of COVID-19 on the global airline industry:An event study approach date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3035 sentences = 183 flesch = 57 summary = This study examines the short-term impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on 52 listed airline companies around the world by using event study methodology. The results demonstrate that airline stock returns declined more significantly than the market returns after three major COVID-19 announcements were made. We employ event study methodology in order to investigate the impact of official press releases on airline stock returns. Event study suggested by Fama, Fisher, Jensen, and Roll (1969) is the main methodology employed in this research, which is a common methodology in the economic and finance literature to investigate the impact of new information arrival from a particular event on stock prices. The results imply time-varying behaviors of the participants in stock markets in the global airline industry. Negative or positive ‫ܴܣܥ‬ ,(௧ భ ,௧ మ ) implies that stock prices deviate from their fair value during the examined period when the market responds to the new information. cache = ./cache/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285731-nr7fmydo author = Mikhael, Ehab Mudher title = Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation date = 2020-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1722 sentences = 87 flesch = 49 summary = Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1] : A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2] , the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3] , a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4] , a low level of public awareness [5] , a shortage in hygiene preparations and [6] a high rate of antibiotic resistance in case of secondary bacterial infection. Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1] : A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2] , the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3] , a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4] , a low level of public awareness [5] , a shortage in hygiene preparations and [6] a high rate of antibiotic resistance in case of secondary bacterial infection. cache = ./cache/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285897-ahysay2l author = Wu, Guangyao title = Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Severity Risk Prediction and Triage of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission: an International Multicenter Study date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3803 sentences = 178 flesch = 42 summary = OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine-learning model based on clinical features for severity risk assessment and triage for COVID-19 patients at hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The machine-learning model, nomogram, and online-calculator might be useful to access the onset of severe and critical illness among COVID-19 patients and triage at hospital admission. Therefore, our objective is to develop and validate a prognostic machine-learning model based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables of COVID-19 patients at hospital admission for severity risk assessment during hospitalization, and compare the performance with that of PSI as a representative clinical assessment method. This international multicenter study analyzed individually and in combination, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics for COVID-19 patients at hospital admission, to retrospectively develop and prospectively validate a prognostic model and tool to assess the severity of the illness, and its progression, and to compare these with PSI scoring. cache = ./cache/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285922-4gge917e author = Yusuff, Hakeem title = Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1720 sentences = 116 flesch = 33 summary = 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to manage patients with COVID 19-associated severe respiratory or cardiac failure with mortality in excess of 50%. 5 In addition, there is early development of a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like picture in a subset of patients, the management of which is made more complicated if providing systemic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis and maintain the extracorporeal circuit. 24 The hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19 disease may create these effects as well, potentially contributing to hemorrhagic complications encountered during ECMO support. The associated increased risk of thrombosis and coagulopathy in ECMO patients is a result of a combination of processes driven by the disease occurring in synergy with the effect of the extracorporeal circuit on the coagulation system. Ongoing analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data and data from ECMO centers around the world (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2019 novel Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Disease (ECMOCard study) will hopefully help to better characterize and understand these pathologic derangements of coagulation. cache = ./cache/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285588-ug7upa3r author = Ajibade, Ayomikun title = Telemedicine in cardiovascular surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and our experience date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4136 sentences = 196 flesch = 39 summary = [23] [24] [25] TM has already been adapted into primary care, with telephone consultations and home-monitoring systems already are in regular use in general practice, however, with the adjustments made to secondary and tertiary care services in the COVID-19 era, it is unclear as to whether TM can meet the needs of complex specialities such as cardiovascular surgery. 48 While some trials show that superiority of using TM over conventional management may be debatable, the majority of the research indicates that the monitoring of clinical parameters of cardiac patients during COVID-19 is likely to be useful in not only the overall management of the changing health status of patients, but also more specifically in facilitating effective remote presurgical triaging, detecting cardiac deterioration, and managing potential postsurgical complications. Combinations of regular virtual consultations and remote monitoring of clinical parameters are feasible for cardiac surgery patients and would be useful to assess and triage before surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285955-fzm6036f author = Nasir, N. title = Treatment of ARDS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 with IL-6 antagonist Tocilizumab: a tertiary care experience from Pakistan date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2057 sentences = 130 flesch = 46 summary = Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation which manifests as ARDS, multi-organ failure, and high inflammatory parameters. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from Feb 2020 to May 2020 on COVID-19 patients with ARDS and hyperinflammation characterized by raised CRP and/or ferritin. While limited studies from China have shown improved outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation and ARDS 9 , a study from Italy did not show significant mortality benefit 10 . Hence, we would like to report our clinical experience of the management of ARDS and hyperinflammation with the IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab which will be the first from a lower-middle-income country (LMIC). We conducted an observational study describing patient outcomes in those critically ill patients of COVID-19 who received tocilizumab intravenously for hyperinflammation and ARDS. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality cache = ./cache/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286142-mx7u635d author = Ashby, Michael A. title = Life Goes On date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2055 sentences = 93 flesch = 51 summary = Due to this, the articles included range a gamut of issues including those of resource allocation, the implications of isolation, the development and use of technologies, changes in social and healthcare supports, examinations of community and political responses. For now, we already have a planned issue, and some time is needed to produce the Covid-19 issue(s), so in these pages, life goes on and we consider our usual range of bioethical topics, with a symposium theme of conflict of interest (COI). A good example of this broader view comes in the paper by Giubilini and Savulsecu (2020) , who point out that COI is mainly considered in financial terms but should also be understood to encompass moral and religious values, that, presented as conscientious objection (CO), can also generate interests for practitioners and may therefore influence advice and treatment decisions. cache = ./cache/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285818-eh12luma author = Louis, Shreya title = Continuous Electroencephalography Characteristics and Acute Symptomatic Seizures in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3429 sentences = 217 flesch = 53 summary = Objective As concerns regarding neurological manifestations in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients increase, limited data exists on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) findings in these patients. This high percentage of epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) in a specific brain region in COVID-19 patients behooves the question if this is a potential epileptic effect from the SARS-CoV-2 infection or if this is a limitation with the EEG requisition method itself; since patients did not receive the minimum required 21-electrode clinical EEG recommended by American Clinical Neurophysiological Society ACNS) (Sinha et al. Whilte the main goal of this study was to report cEEG findings in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, the putative associations between survival, clinical outcomes (discharge disposition), cohort characteristics (e.g. comorbidities, age, gender) and EEG findings were also explored. As such, the two COVID-19 patients with clinical acute symptomatic seizures captured on EEG from our cohort are rare findings. cache = ./cache/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285979-ha5nszxi author = Rojas, Manuel title = Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5818 sentences = 334 flesch = 44 summary = CP early administered after symptoms onset showed a reduction in mortality compared with placebo or no therapy in severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology like influenza and SARS-CoV, however, a similar response in Ebola disease was not observed [20, 25] . This was demonstrated in B cells, where the upregulation of FCRIIB was associated with treatment efficacy for acute rejection after kidney transplantation [81] , and was J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f a key determinant for IVIg response in patients with Kawasaki disease [82] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection cache = ./cache/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286084-2275xvxb author = Dixit, Alok title = Ivermectin: Potential Role as Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2238 sentences = 113 flesch = 45 summary = Currently there is no effective treatment for coronavirus infection; major effort is to develop vaccine against the virus and development of therapeutic drugs for the disease. IVM is shown to be effective in vitro against RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), dengue virus (DENV), influenza, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Zika virus (14) . Currently, remdesivir is a promising potential therapy for COVID-19 due to its broad-spectrum and potent in vitro activity against several novel coronavirus (nCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 with EC 50 (half maximal effective concentration) and EC 90 (concentration to induce 90% maximal response) values of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively (8). IVM which is a widely used as antiparasitic drug has shown to have antiviral activity in in vitro studies against HIV, dengue, influenza, VEEV and Zika virus. Studies are available for its use against RNA virus and have also been tested for its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. cache = ./cache/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285993-n5fmah6a author = Stahl, Klaus title = Injury to the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1861 sentences = 86 flesch = 40 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the so-called coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic patients to critically ill individuals with a high case fatality rate (1) . Here, we investigated in translational human and cellular studies whether injury to the eGC can be found in critically ill patients with COVID-19 early after admission to the ICU. Together, this indicates that critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffer from an acquired Hpa-2 deficiency that can contribute to the degradation of the eGC, maybe even before classical endothelial activation and injury. In conclusion, our data suggest that in critically ill patients with COVID-19, endothelial injury involves glycocalyx integrity, and acquired Hpa-2 deficiency might be a potential causative factor. We describe a recent case series of five patients rescued by VA-ECMO support combined with urgent chemotherapy for obstructive cardiogenic shock that revealed tumoral mediastinal syndrome. cache = ./cache/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286186-93atag0q author = Hansen, Jan-Cedric title = Commentaire cindynique sur l’épidémiologie de la pandémie COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1922 sentences = 198 flesch = 66 summary = Cependant, au-delà de ces seules données descriptives que sont la fréquence, l'incidence, la prévalence, la distribution et l'étiologie, l'épidémiologie est une discipline qui a pour objet l'identification et l'étude de l'influence de divers facteurs somatiques, psychiques, sociaux, environnementaux et économiques sur les maladies transmissibles ou non transmissibles -voire même sur tout autre phénomène biologique ou social déterminé -ce qui la rend essentielle aux médecins, scientifiques, parties prenantes de la santé publique et décideurs politiques pour leur permettre des prises de décisions éclairées. Le fait est que les données constatées suggèrent une circulation du coronavirus SRAS-CoV-2 responsable de la pandémie COVID-19 dans la population française plus importante que de ce qui ressort des cas confirmés [11] . Devant les défis posés par cette crise/catastrophe multidimensionnelle qu'est la pandémie en cours, l'approche cindynique, plus holistique et adaptative que les modèles classiques, permettrait de proposer aux médecins, scientifiques, parties prenantes de la santé publique et décideurs politiques non seulement une meilleure exploitation des données épidémiologiques disponibles ou à venir, mais aussi, des prises de décisions plus éclairées et surtout, plus accessibles au plus grand nombre. cache = ./cache/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285944-8lapwnuw author = Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title = Hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2171 sentences = 124 flesch = 39 summary = We propose three possible underlying mechanisms based on our current knowledge: 1) direct brain injury from SARS-CoV-2, 2) persistent immune dysfunction and dysregulation of cytokines, and 3) vascular thrombosis. According to our case series, the lack of normal daily temperature variation in patient 4 and 5, and the presence of hypothermia in patient 1 and 5 support the hypothesis that direct brain injury from SARS-CoV-2 leads to hyperpyrexia. SARS-CoV-2 may cause injury to the brain-stem respiratory center explaining why COVID-19 patients often report lesser perception of dyspnea than the actual degree of hypoxia and the extent of lung pathology [15] . Our case series also highlights the need to determine underlying mechanisms of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients as each cause requires different management. The underlying mechanisms of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 are unknown but may be a result of SARS-CoV-2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. cache = ./cache/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286222-8gfo2c87 author = Chandra, Dr Prabha S title = COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1241 sentences = 76 flesch = 56 summary = Type of manuscript: Correspondence (Letter to the Editor) Title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability-case report of two women from India Authors: Prabha S Chandra a *, Lakshmi Shiva a , Sachin Nagendrappa a , Sundarnag Ganjekar a ,Harish Thippeswamy a Affiliations: a.National institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru-560029, India There have been reports of heightened anxiety about COVID 19 leading to psychosis and related psychopathology (Brown et al., 2020; D Rentero et al., 2020; Vald'es-Florido et al., 2020) . Women who are vulnerable either due to personality factors, a family history or those in the perinatal period may be at risk for psychotic symptoms precipitated by high levels of COVID related anxiety (Wu et al., 2020) . Ms. R a 34-year old married housekeeper with two children, who had migrated recently to the city, presented with a two day history of being extremely fearful that she would get COVID 19 infection and her family and she would die. cache = ./cache/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286144-6wtk5y7c author = Tini, Giulia title = Semantic and Geographical Analysis of COVID-19 Trials Reveals a Fragmented Clinical Research Landscape Likely to Impair Informativeness date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2334 sentences = 114 flesch = 34 summary = Results: We observe a clear prevalence of monocentric trials with highly heterogeneous endpoints and a significant disconnect between geographic distribution and disease prevalence, implying that most countries would need to recruit unrealistic percentages of their total prevalent cases to fulfill enrolment. In the present work, we defined structured semantic ontologies with controlled vocabularies to categorize trial interventions, study endpoints, and study designs, and we conducted an analysis of the growth rate, geographical distribution, and trial characteristics of COVID-19-related trials, highlighting a number of relevant features that may impair the possibility of obtaining reliable and transferable results within the current framework. We highlight a number of peculiar characteristics of this clinical research landscape: extremely rapid growth, substantial geographical and methodological incoherence, an unusual funding pattern, prevalence of monocentric trials, and extreme heterogeneity in the interventions tested. cache = ./cache/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285960-1zuhilmu author = Conly, John title = Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4921 sentences = 209 flesch = 41 summary = The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. The findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta analyses over the last decade have not demonstrated any significant difference in the clinical effectiveness of particulate respirators compared to the use of medical masks when used by HCWs in multiple health care settings for the prevention of respiratory virus infections, including influenza [57] [58] [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286133-h8jgwe4z author = Gattinoni, Luciano title = Reply by Gattinoni et al. to Hedenstierna et al., to Maley et al., to Fowler et al., to Bhatia and Mohammed, to Bos, to Koumbourlis and Motoyama, and to Haouzi et al. date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1931 sentences = 99 flesch = 51 summary = However, as evidenced by this correspondence, our scientific community seems divided into two broad categories: On one side are the believers that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia must be defined as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-and that is it. Dr. Bos, Dr. Maley and colleagues, and Dr. Haouzi and colleagues in their letters conclude, as do many others in our scientific community, that COVID-19 pneumonia is not atypical but fits the conventional ARDS definition and that higher respiratory system compliance (Crs) may be a normal finding in the syndrome. Actually, we have observed that patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from Wuhan often present "better" compliance and "worse" PA O 2 -Pa O 2 gradient at low PEEP. cache = ./cache/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286227-foeb0g7u author = Potekaev, Nikolai N. title = Clinical characteristics of dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 infection: case series of 15 patients, review of literature, and proposed etiological classification date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1102 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = A 59-year-old male patient presented with fever of 39°C and a rash of the lower extremities in combination with hemorrhagic elements which were consistent with polymorphic cutaneous vasculitis ( Fig. 3a ,b). A 47-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia developed acral urticarial highly pruritic rash on upper and lower extremities 5 days after the laboratory diagnosis (Fig. 7a, b ). A 71-year-old male patient, 2 weeks prior to our examination, developed papulovesicular eruptions while having escalating clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection (fever, weakness, cough, shortness of breath) (Fig. 8a,b) . A 46-year-old female patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection and bilateral pneumonia presented with papulovesicular elements in the chest area (Fig. 9) . A 56-year-old male patient with COVID-19 infection presented with skin lesions, also called "bilateral inguinal purple rash." Large pink-red plaques were observed in both inguinal folds with a transition to the inner thighs, with a brownish tint and abundance of follicular papules along the periphery (Fig. 13) . cache = ./cache/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286146-im42752g author = Nakamura, Hiroki title = Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3287 sentences = 185 flesch = 55 summary = The study's most important contribution is the calculation of the overall relative risk of the importation and exportation of COVID-19 from every airport in local municipalities around the world, based on global spatial and mapping information. Importantly, the exportation risk of the disease from some airports in China, Iran, and European countries has a higher global spread than the importation risk during the pandemic stage. Therefore, the most important contribution of this study is its assessment of both importation and exportation risk of COVID-19 spread via air travel from/to world airports based on the confirmed disease, air travel, and population data. The risks of importation and exportation of COVID-19 were calculated based on origin-destination (OD) annual air travel flows (Fig. 1) . This study calculated the overall relative risk of importation and exportation of COVID-19 from/to every airport in local municipalities around the world based on existing studies and global spatial and mapping information. cache = ./cache/cord-286146-im42752g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286146-im42752g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285872-rnayrws3 author = Elgendi, Mohamed title = The Performance of Deep Neural Networks in Differentiating Chest X-Rays of COVID-19 Patients From Other Bacterial and Viral Pneumonias date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3453 sentences = 188 flesch = 51 summary = Our results show that DarkNet-19 is the optimal pre-trained neural network for the detection of radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia, scoring an overall accuracy of 94.28% over 5,854 X-ray images. Sethy and Behera (8) explored 10 different pre-trained neural networks, reporting an accuracy of 93% on a balanced dataset, for detecting COVID-19 on X-ray images. Our study aims to determine the optimal learning method, by investigating different types of pre-trained networks on a balanced dataset, for COVID-19 testing. To determine the optimal existing pre-trained neural network for the detection of COVID-19, we used the CoronaHack-Chest X-Ray-Dataset. Inception-v3 and ShuffleNet achieved an overall validation accuracy below 90% suggesting that these neural networks are not robust enough for detecting COVID-19 compared to, for example, ResNet-50 and DarkNet-19. After investigating 17 different pre-trained neural networks, our results showed that DarkNet-19 is the optimal pre-trained deep learning network for detection of imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiographs. cache = ./cache/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286168-019rcbpg author = Vindegaard, Nina title = COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4106 sentences = 217 flesch = 45 summary = Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 23, 24 We aimed to systematically review the literature in order to provide an overview of the psychiatric complications to COVID-19 infection (direct effect) and how COVID-19 are currently affecting mental health among psychiatric patients and general public (indirect effect) alongside with factors altering the risk of psychiatric symptoms in both groups. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being of the general public including female gender, front-line health care workers, and poor self-rated health. From previous studies of the SARS CoV-1 epidemic it is known that health care workers are at risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms, which the current studies indicate also is the case of COVID19 . cache = ./cache/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286220-0einpgeu author = Moreira, Diana Nadine title = The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6057 sentences = 278 flesch = 44 summary = It is known from previous J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f studies, that intimate partner violence tends to increase during emergencies, including epidemics, and although robust data is still lacking, reports from China, the United States of America, and several European countries, point towards the same tendency concerning the Covid-19 pandemic (Boserup et al., 2020; Bradley et al., 2020; Gupta, 2020; Mahase, 2020; Newberry & Cruz, 2020; Parveen & Grierson, 2020; World Health Organization, 2020) . In this review, we have discussed some of the most well -known and frequently reported risk factors associated with IPV, discussing them in light with the current context in the Covid-19 pandemic raising awareness to the safety of victims and the recognition and management of cases by health care professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286193-3yy9exry author = Burton, Jennifer K title = Evolution and effects of COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: a population analysis in 189 care homes in one geographical region of the UK date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6468 sentences = 272 flesch = 54 summary = The aim of our study was to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one health region in Scotland, specifically the timing of outbreaks, number of confirmed cases in residents, care home characteristics associated with the presence of an outbreak, and deaths of residents in both care homes and hospitals. We used publicly available national data for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and deaths from COVID-19, which were linked to regulatory public health data, to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one large health region in Scotland. In accordance with NHS Lothian public health team practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, we defined the start of a COVID-19 outbreak in a care home as the date when the first resident had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2, using regional virology laboratory PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs. cache = ./cache/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286110-alix1s1w author = Fitzgerald, Dominic A. title = COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on children, families and the future date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 81 flesch = 50 summary = In this issue of Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, we present a series of papers dedicated to examining the impact of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of children and families, both now and into the near future. In the first of two papers on modelling, McBryde and colleagues highlight the importance of tracking the impact of distancing and movement policies and behaviour changes in people which is critical in evaluating early decisions made in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic [5] . The papers are consistent in highlighting the lessons learnt including a lack of preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic despite recent experience on a smaller scale with SARS and MERS, a lack of action at decisive moments and the worrying partisan relationships between the WHO and high income countries which have undermined its ability to respond to such health crises and unite the world in its response. cache = ./cache/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286238-s64eueie author = Angelidis, G. title = A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 520 sentences = 36 flesch = 48 summary = title: A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology On June 30, 2020, the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Department of the World Health Organization (WHO) published the results of a survey from 163 Ministries of Health, regarding the service delivery for NCDs during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. After the gradual relaxation of lockdown measures in Greece, we have managed to provide nuclear cardiology services at patient flow levels comparable to that of the pre-COVID-19 era. The intervals between patients' arrivals at the Department, and between consequent studies, have been extended resulting in the lengthening of the working day. However, we believe that nuclear cardiology departments should be prepared to provide high-quality studies, taking all the appropriate measures for the prevention of viral spread. Proper adjustments based on the epidemic status are required, but a second disruption of nuclear cardiology services should be avoided. cache = ./cache/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285946-1q4k5bnh author = Birk, Rubinder title = Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3336 sentences = 187 flesch = 55 summary = authors: Birk, Rubinder; Shaw, Dominick; Kennedy, Cheika; Higashi, Yutaro; Patel, Roma; Gupta, Ayushman; Au-Yong, Iain title: Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study The study group consisted of patients considered COVID-19 positive based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and CTPA findings. The study cohort included all patients attending ED who underwent CTPA on the NUH COVID-19 pathway in whom a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab or with high suspicion of COVID-19 on CT (irrespective of clinical presentation). We therefore also studied a separate smaller cohort of 50 consecutive patients presenting to ED at our institution undergoing CTPA for suspected PE before the coronavirus pandemic in September 2019 (control group 2). PE prevalence in the study group was significantly lower when compared to patients in control group 1 undergoing CTPA for suspected PE only who had no CT features of COVID-19, p = 0.018. cache = ./cache/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286335-benansqq author = Faqihi, Fahad title = Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 986 sentences = 72 flesch = 47 summary = title: Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of co-infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and SARS-CoV-2 in a young patient with underlying idiopathic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency that was treated successfully with a combination therapeutic regime integrating doxycycline, empiric therapies for COVID-19, vitamin D supplementation, and supportive ICU care. Notably, it has been speculated that vitamin D 3 supplementation may reduce the infection risk in idiopathic bronchiectasis as well as ameliorate the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 [11, 12] . We are briefly presenting a rare co-infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and SARS-CoV-2 in a young man with underlying idiopathic bronchiectasis and vitamin D 3 deficiency. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-286335-benansqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286335-benansqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286237-x6dr6rsh author = Maes, Bastiaan title = Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11252 sentences = 579 flesch = 49 summary = -mechanical ventilation > 24 h at randomization -clinical frailty scale above 3 -active bacterial or fungal infection -unlikely to survive beyond 48h -neutrophil count below 1500 cells/microliter -platelets below 50.000/microliter -Patients enrolled in another investigational drug study -patients on high dose systemic steroids (> 8 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent for more than 1 month) for COVID-19 unrelated disorder -patients on immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drugs -patients on current anti-IL1 or anti-IL6 treatment -signs of active tuberculosis -serum transaminase levels >5 times upper limit of normal, unless there are clear signs of cytokine release syndrome defined by LDH >300 IU/L and ferritin >700 ng/ml -history of (non-iatrogenic) bowel perforation or diverticulitis -Pregnant or breastfeeding females (all female subjects deemed of childbearing potential by the investigator must have negative pregnancy test at screening) 5.2.1. cache = ./cache/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286298-pn9nwl64 author = Helmy, Yosra A. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9290 sentences = 516 flesch = 51 summary = Another group of researchers reported that the virus originated from bats based on the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, which is 96% identical to bat coronavirus RaTG13. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. cache = ./cache/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286194-2emwfx89 author = Mirzaei, Hossein title = COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3030 sentences = 162 flesch = 48 summary = However, there have not been large observational studies specifically measuring symptoms, disease severity, complications, multimorbidity, and the proportion of death in reported COVID-19-HIV co-infected patients. Empirical studies including any study design (i.e., case report, case series, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and clinical trial) that reported individual-or aggregatelevel data on COVID-19 among PLHIV were considered for this review. Studies that included a mixed sample of HIVpositive and HIV-negative COVID-19 patients were only considered if subgroup analyses for PLHIV were reported or could be extracted. Studies were excluded if they did not present original empirical data (e.g., editorials, commentaries, letters to editors, and reviews) or did not report any clinical data on patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection. Results of a cohort study showed that multimorbidity (mostly hypertension and diabetes) was more prevalent in COVID-19-HIV co-infected patients than PLHIV without COVID-19 [20] . cache = ./cache/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286419-jyvj3mo2 author = Rahaman Khan, Hasinur title = Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2934 sentences = 169 flesch = 56 summary = title: Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach COVID-19 disease is a global pandemic and it appears as pandemic for each and every nation and territory in the earth.This paper focusses on analysing the global COVID-19 data by popular machine learning techniques to know which covariates are importantly associated with the cumulative number of confirmed cases, whether the countries are clustered with respect to the covariates considered, whether the variation in the covariates are explained by any latent factor. Regression tree, cluster analysis and principal component analysis are implemented to global COVID-19 data of 133 countries obtained from the Worldometer website as reported as on April 17, 2020. In this paper, we demonstrated how to implement the basic machine learning techniquesprincipal component, cluster analysis and regression tree to analyse global COVID-19 data that was extracted from the Worldometer website (Max Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2020) and reported as of April 17, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286403-gdkwabcj author = Rosovsky, Rachel P. title = Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2364 sentences = 146 flesch = 40 summary = title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium However, the unique aspects of this virus confound both the diagnosis and treatment of PE, and thus require modification of established algorithms.1-6 Important considerations include adjustment of diagnostic modalities, incorporation of the pro-thrombotic contribution of COVID-19, management of two critical cardio-respiratory illnesses in the same patient, and protecting patients and health care workers while providing optimal care. The National Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) Consortium, the largest organization in the world specifically dedicated to improving outcomes in PE and advancing the science around this disease, recently published consensus recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for patients with acute PE. Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow Up of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Consensus Practice from the PERT Consortium Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report cache = ./cache/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286418-9ho5fg3h author = Jenkins, Ian title = Lessons from Walking the Medical Distancing Tightrope date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2625 sentences = 144 flesch = 45 summary = Like many academic programs before the pandemic, UCSD's Division of Hospital Medicine emphasized interdisciplinary bedside rounding, focusing on clinical care, quality, patient experience, and teaching. SARS-CoV2, capable of spreading from presymptomatic and asymptomatic persons, 3 threatened to injure or kill high-risk hospitalized patients (i.e. elderly, or with comorbid illnesses) as well as healthcare workers (HCW), making them patients instead of caregivers during our projected surge. 8 For example, on April 9, UCSD Health had a total census of 471 patients (56% occupancy) of which only 4.2% had COVID, with 10 patients on the hospital medicine service, 8 on ventilators (5.2% of capacity), and only 3 total deaths to date. AAMC guidelines advise that medical students not be involved in patient care unless COVID risks are low and protective equipment and testing are available. 12 As we contemplate the future of hospital care and training, we continue to monitor our distancing efforts for signs of adverse effects on safety, efficiency, and experience. cache = ./cache/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286415-flo3dqsm author = Fried, Justin A. title = The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2873 sentences = 175 flesch = 47 summary = 1 COVID-19 is the clinical manifestation of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and most frequently presents with respiratory symptoms that can progress to pneumonia and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock. During the procedure the patient's blood pressure fell to 72/43 mm Hg. Right heart catheterization was performed revealing a right atrial pressure of 10 mm Hg, pulmonary artery pressure of 30/20 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 21 mm Hg, and a Fick cardiac index of 1.0 L·min -1 ·m -2 , confirming the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. Dr Uriel: In this case, a patient with underlying cardiac disease developed profound decompensation in the context of COVID-19 infection, characterized by a recurrence of a reduced LVEF accompanied by cardiogenic shock and proclivity for tachyarrhythmias. In patients presenting with what appears to be a typical cardiac syndrome, COVID-19 infection should be in the differential during the current pandemic, even in the absence of fever or cough. cache = ./cache/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286365-fy0a8mb4 author = ElHawary, Hassan title = Bibliometric Analysis of Early COVID-19 Research: The Top 50 Cited Papers date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2619 sentences = 157 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSION: By highlighting the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles, the authors hope to disseminate information that could assist researchers to identify the important topics, study characteristics, and gaps in the literature. To that end, the goal of this study was to present a bibliometric analysis to identify and dissect the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles published early on following the outbreak. 62 The majority of the highly cited research assessed COVID-19's clinical presentation and disease description while only 7 papers discussed potential treatment. While this limitation is present with any bibliometric analysis, the main goal of this study was to highlight the characteristics of the highly cited research articles early during the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamic nature of citation count should not diminish the value of the information presented here. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286485-tt9ysg0w author = Lucius, M. title = ROBUST COVID-19-RELATED CONDITION CLASSIFICATION NETWORK date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3261 sentences = 180 flesch = 47 summary = Our study evaluates the performance of a tailor-designed deep convolutional network on the tasks of early detection and localization of radiological signs associated to COVID-19 on frontal chest X-rays. The associated results show that our AI framework is able to classify COVID-19 accurately, making of it a potential tool to improve the diagnostic performance across primary-care centres and, to grant priority to a subset of algorithmic selected images for urgent follow-on expert review. However, chest x-rays taken in patients with confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19 condition can induce to confusion in cases associated to other lung infections or pathologies (including the absence of them) making it difficult for non-trained physicians to differentiate among these patterns. In all cases, the files include anonymous frontal chest X-rays, whilst the dataset provided by HM Hospitales contains anonymized records related to the 2,307 patients admitted with a confirmed (n=2,075) or pending (n=232) of COVID-19 diagnosis performed by rt-PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286280-bxfea097 author = Chang, Connie Y. title = Symptomatic COVID-19 infections in outpatient image-guided corticosteroid injection patients during the lockdown phase date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3672 sentences = 172 flesch = 42 summary = CONCLUSION: Image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management performed during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with a higher infection rate compared to the general population. The purpose of our study was to determine infection rates following imageguided corticosteroid injections for pain management compared to the COVID-19 infection rate in the general population during the lockdown phase. Our study examining outpatients who received image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic found one subject who developed symptomatic COVID-19 infection 19 days after a tibiotalar joint infection. performed a study of 15,068 joint injections and found a relative increased risk of 1.5 for vaccinated subjects developing influenza after an intra-articular corticosteroid injection compared with vaccinated control subjects [16] . In conclusion, our study showed no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of new cases of COVID-19 infection in the corticosteroid injection group and the general population of Massachusetts during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286523-4ip8er0h author = Grippaudo, Francesca Romana title = The impact of COVID-19 in plastic surgery departments: a comparative retrospective study in a COVID-19 and in a non-COVID-19 hospital date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 148 flesch = 50 summary = Most of the Italian plastic surgery wards faced a reduction in beds and theatres to enable hospitals to free up healthcare staff to provide medical care for patients in other areas, given the need for a change in work organization to comply with limited outpatient clinic activities and reduced theatre availability for all hospitalization typologies and to cope with new pre-hospitalization modalities to screen up COVID-19 positive patients among the ones scheduled for surgery. Are you in contact with anyone who has been confirmed to be COVID-19 posiƟve, or that are in quaranƟne for exposure to Study data shows the effects of the consequence of cancellation of plastic surgery elective surgeries in both hospitals during the lockdown, when the operating theatre was available only for such urgent procedures as melanoma or melanoma and SLNB removal or for post-traumatic reconstruction in PU1. cache = ./cache/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286408-bhrrb5s7 author = nan title = Medical sequelae of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1201 sentences = 72 flesch = 44 summary = authors: nan The lung is the most frequently affected organ in the acute phase of the disease, and epidemics due to other coronaviruses such as Sars-CoV and Mer-CoV have shown that pulmonary fibrosis can persist after the initial infection. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a frequent consequence of respiratory distress observed in the acute phase of the disease. Heart failure, myocardial necrosis, and arrythmia persist after the acute phase and require a prolonged monitoring and an appropriate treatment. Brain damage may be directly related to the virus or more often the consequence of prolonged anoxia in patients on artificial ventilation, strokes, or an autoimmune syndrome such as an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis which, if accompanied by peripheral disorders and affecting the diaphragm, can aggravate respiratory disorders. Patients apparently recovering from the acute episode have been found to require prolonged convalescence or to complain of new symptoms after a period of remission. cache = ./cache/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286477-0euaaspo author = Li, Xiaochen title = Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3243 sentences = 190 flesch = 57 summary = This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286241-ej9guh4d author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 323 sentences = 25 flesch = 55 summary = key: cord-286241-ej9guh4d title: Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? cord_uid: ej9guh4d The findings from randomized controlled trials have proved that the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 did not live up to the hype, where the increased concentration of IL-6 does not imply that its neutralization will be effective in COVID-19.. 5 compared the concentrations of IL-6 between 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 36 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. The findings of this prospective study, coupled with the findings from two randomized controlled trials that failed to detect mortality benefits with tocilizumab, suggest that IL-6 may not be the cytokine that drives the progression of COVID-19. Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Is Interleukin 6 the Right Target in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia? cache = ./cache/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286293-f5qg7vcz author = Ullah, Waqas title = COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1094 sentences = 78 flesch = 47 summary = Since the end of December 2019, when the first cases of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were detected in Wuhan, China, the disease has spread exponentially. [2] In up to 15% of patients, the natural course of the disease is complicated by severe interstitial pneumonia, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure including acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation and death. [2] To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of COVID-19 complicated by massive pulmonary embolism and right-sided heart failure. [4] A higher risk of vessel thrombosis has been correlated with the severity of the disease and multiorgan involvement, leading support to the argument of therapeutic anticoagulation of COVID-19 patients with elevated d-dimer levels. In the present case, the patient had elevated CRP and d-dimer levels with no other risk factor for pulmonary embolism, indicating COVID-19 related hypercoagulable state as possible etiology for thrombosis in the pulmonary vasculature. cache = ./cache/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286552-4ip0yl0n author = Romero, Carolina S. title = COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1176 sentences = 84 flesch = 56 summary = title: COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C) Font-Roja Questionnaire and (D) Trait Meta-Mood Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological impact in healthcare workers in Spain during COVID-19 emergency has been studied. For analytical purposes, the Spanish Tertiary hospital workers showed a higher level of stress, PSAS 43.9 (16.6) along with ambulance services, PSAS 43.7 (15) when compared to other groups ( p < 0.0001). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers in Spain, has been evaluated. Stress at work in healthcare environment and adaptative coping strategies (in Spanish) cache = ./cache/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286525-0354438s author = Lee, Todd C. title = Tocilizumab versus the covid19 tempest: all’s well that ends well or much ado about nothing? date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1440 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = One of the unexpected findings from this study was an observed lack of benefit from steroids in contrast to the RECOVERY randomized controlled trial results [4] or a recent meta-analysis of steroid trials in critically ill patients. The phase III COVACTA trial (NCT04317092) found tocilizumab did not reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia [11] . Similarly a large trial of sarilumab (NCT04315298) in severe and critical COVID-19 was stopped by the data safety monitoring board due to lack of benefit and a potential signal for harm in non-ventilated patients [12] and a second international trial (NCT04327388) also failed to meet its primary or key secondary outcomes [13] . Reconciling their results with those from randomized control trials raises important questions about the causal effect of the hyperinflammatory response and its role in the development of severe COVID-19. Sanofi provides update on Kevzara® (sarilumab) Phase 3 trial in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients outside the cache = ./cache/cord-286525-0354438s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286525-0354438s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286526-3070a2cy author = Raval, Jay S. title = Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 414 sentences = 29 flesch = 45 summary = title: Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? The patient was placed on 7500 units of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin every 8 hours for thrombosis prevention based on his critical illness and viscoelastic testing results. These preliminary findings suggest that viscoelastic testing may have a role in rapidly identifying patients with severe COVID-19. Other viscoelastic methods of assessing clot firmness could also be used in COVID-19, such as thromboelastography and resonance sonorheometry. 8, 9 Measuring D-dimer or fibrinogen concentrations could assess this pathologic phenomenon if viscoelastic testing was unavailable. 10, 11 The utility of viscoelastic testing in COVID-19 needs to be further assessed to better understand the usefulness and limitations of this technology in these critically ill patients with a hypercoagulable state. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit. cache = ./cache/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286441-nl3kuqw3 author = Murray, D. D. title = Design and implementation of the multi-arm, multi-stage Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) platform master protocol: An Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) initiative date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5560 sentences = 303 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO), is a global multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) platform master protocol, which facilitates the rapid evaluation of the safety and efficacy of candidate anti-viral therapeutic agents for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO), is a global multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) platform master protocol, which facilitates the rapid evaluation of the safety and efficacy of candidate anti-viral therapeutic agents for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. This approach to early futility assessment using an early intermediate outcome and a primary endpoint out to 90 days allows the study team to make rapid decisions on safety and potential efficacy of novel agents while ultimately focusing on patient-centered, longer-term outcomes. This approach to early futility assessment using an early intermediate outcome and a primary endpoint out to 90 days allows the study team to make rapid decisions on safety and potential efficacy of novel agents while ultimately focusing on patient-centered, longer-term outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286520-oh95lnf9 author = Levi, Marcel title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy—Either, Neither, or Both date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1676 sentences = 108 flesch = 38 summary = 22 Overt intravascular hemolysis and severe thrombocytopenia, as seen in typical cases of thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (TTP), is not a clinical feature of COVID-19 infection. However, COVID-19 infection with associated endothelial cell perturbation may lead to decreased ADAMTS-13 levels due to consumption or proteolytic degradation, resulting in high levels of uncleaved von Willebrand factor multimers and ensuing deposit of microvascular platelet thrombi. The resulting plasmin generation may be an important factor explaining the high levels of D-dimer seen in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with coagulation abnormalities that encompass elements reminiscent of both DIC and TMA (►Fig. 1). Endothelial cell perturbation in coronavirus infection also leads to release of plasminogen activators that in combination with the procoagulant response may be responsible for the (very) high D-dimer levels. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286269-vrjyj2y1 author = Sagheb, Setareh title = Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2778 sentences = 168 flesch = 61 summary = They evaluated cord blood, amniotic fluid and even breast milk samples of mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, but SARS-COV-2 tests were negative in all cases. Consequently, because of performing all the aforementioned droplet and contact precautions during hospitalization, having high LDH, lymphopenia and SIADH soon after birth may be due to early-onset infection of SARS-COV-2. Furthermore, another study conducted on a limited number of patients showed a high level of SARS-COV-2 IgM in neonates born from COVID-19 infected mothers within 2 first hours of their birth [7] , which may indicate infection transmission from mother to fetus. It is worth noting that, although our neonates' RT-PCR tests' results for SARS-COV-2 were negative 1 hour after their birth, they tested positive on day 7 and 12. Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286573-k4khwvt7 author = Peng, Michael title = The Role of the Ocular Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4362 sentences = 305 flesch = 54 summary = Here, we reviewed both clinical and research evidence on the ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface tissues and tears, and the potential role of the eye in contracting SARS-CoV-2. For this review, relevant studies that emphasized ocular manifestations of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, viral detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface secretions or tears, and ACE2 presence in ocular tissues were included. 29 Zhang et al also reported that one of the two COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis was SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive in the tear sample. Similarly, in a cross sectional study of 33 COVID-19 patients, most of the ocular samples were collected more than 7 days of symptom onset, and Xie et al found only 2 cases with positive ocular SARS-CoV-2 RNA results. 44 Recent studies have attempted to determine ACE2 in ocular surface tissues, such as the conjunctiva and cornea, which are exposed to the external environment and are potential entry points for SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286560-lhbp4nn0 author = Eckermann, Marina title = 3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7505 sentences = 378 flesch = 48 summary = We present a three-dimensional (3D) approach for virtual histology and histopathology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a tool to unravel the pathophysiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for full quantification of tissue remodeling. Overview and regions-of-interest (ROI) scans were recorded on the same paraffinembedded sample, covering a maximum tissue cross section of 8 mm by stitching different tomograms, and with a minimum voxel size of 167 nm in certain ROIs. Scale-bridging and dynamic ROI selection in close spatial and temporal proximity was implemented with dedicated instrumentation the GINIX endstation of the beamline P10/PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) (Salditt et al., 2015) . cache = ./cache/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286413-a7wue2e3 author = Cohen, Isaac V. title = Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3609 sentences = 205 flesch = 48 summary = title: Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports The cardiac AEs of these therapeutics are of increased concern since a subset of patients infected with COVID-19 present with cardiac injury, suggesting a relevant cardiovascular involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease 22 . The goal of this study is to reanalyze the extensive clinical data of CQ and HCQ cardiac AEs collected during the last 20 years to derive the strength of the associations and, more importantly, contributing risk factors. In our study we analyzed 702,274 FDA adverse event reports divided into CQ, HCQ and control cohorts to determine their association with cardiac AEs when taking into account other factors. The regression model was instrumental to exclude this aspirin association from the quantification of the direct cardiac side effects of CQ and HCQ, which remained significant after adjustment ( Generalizability of results to COVID-19 treatment with CQ and HCQ. cache = ./cache/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286565-bmcsyfz9 author = Akdeniz, Gulsum title = A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4220 sentences = 235 flesch = 49 summary = This study aims to assess the spread and frequency of protective behaviors, emotional and anxiety status among the Turkish population using a rapid survey during the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents were asked about about (i) demographic and epidemiological information, (ii) protective behaviors to prevent catching the coronavirus, (iii) different emotions and thoughts caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, (iv) anxiety status during the COVID-19 outbreak, and (v) exposure to COVID-19 Outbreak on TV. So, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of anxiety and emotional status and protective behaviors among the young Turkish population and examine their associations with media exposure using a rapid assessment during the COVID-19 outbreak. So, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of anxiety and emotional status and protective behaviors among the young Turkish population and examine their associations with media exposure using a rapid assessment during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286543-mtjk59rp author = Al-Zaman, Md. Sayeed title = Healthcare Crisis in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1812 sentences = 151 flesch = 59 summary = This article also identifies three responsible issues for the country's deteriorating health care: 1) poor governance and increased corruption, 2) inadequate healthcare facilities, and 3) weak public health communication. As one of the world's most densely populated countries (1,115 people/km 2 ) with 21.8% of people living below the poverty line, 2 Bangladesh has a healthcare system that lacks reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, and that has already been proved inadequate to deliver proper health care to the public on many occasions. 3, 5 Amid such a situation, the COVID-19 pandemic reveals many loopholes in the healthcare system that can be summarized under three themes: 1) poor governance and increased corruption, 2) inadequate healthcare facilities, and 3) weak public health communication. 6 In such a situation, many private medicals around the country were either unwilling or abstained from treating COVID-19 patients, and thus healthcare denial intensified. cache = ./cache/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286740-1esvgcxp author = Singh, S. title = ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ZINC IN COVID-19 INFECTIONS AND MORTALITY: IS ZINC DEFICIENCY A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19? date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 109 flesch = 49 summary = Considering, Zinc 's key immunomodulatory role, widespread deficiency along with the selfand prescribed intervention in different target groups, e.g. children, women, elderly, carefully planned dedicated exploratory studies to understand the basis of the observed association are advisable. Recently, a protective correlation between Vitamin D serum levels and the cases and the deaths per million from COVID-19 had been indicated in the European countries supposedly having comparable confounding variables and similar health care infrastructure [5, 6] . Surprisingly, our analysis of the selected European countries indicated a consistently negative correlation of Zinc deficiency with COVID-19 cases per million population over the time period and indicated an almost significant correlation with the adverse outcome, i.e., death, which seemed improving with the passage of pandemic. Our analysis identified a negative association between the Zinc deficiency prevalence in the European countries and the COVID-19 impact in terms of cases and deaths per million population. cache = ./cache/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286576-nirg7jdq author = Wang, Jiangshan title = Separate Fever Clinics Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 and Offload Emergency Resources: Analysis from a large tertiary hospital in China date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3345 sentences = 205 flesch = 60 summary = The main manifestations of this disease include acute fever, cough and dyspnea [4] , thus emergency departments (EDs) have become the primary facilities providing initial diagnoses and medical care for potential COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients were identified according to the following criteria: (1) patients transferred to resuscitation rooms in the ED from the FC after initial screening and initial treatment; (2) APACHE II score ≥ 8; (3) patients who were ruled out the possibility of COVID-19 pneumonia [11] . The number of in-hospital deaths within seven days for critically ill patients initially presenting to the FC was 9 of 29 and 21 of 38 before and after the outbreak, respectively (p<0.05) (see Table 3 ). We found that after the outbreak, more patients received treatment in FC, critically ill patients received initial rescue management in the FC, and, most importantly, no confirmed COVID-19 patients were transferred to the ED and no other patients, doctors or nurses were infected in the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286885-eih8a6ul author = Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad title = One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 831 sentences = 54 flesch = 58 summary = A strategy was proposed after the advent of a virus-specific molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test called "mass screening" that involved testing nasal and throat swabs from the random population to assess viral spread and to isolate those infected from the healthy population. I propose a method of screening that can be used in remote areas and developing nations during stage 3 of the COVID-19 pandemic; it is cost efficient and has a high probability of isolating asymptomatic cases. As reported in previous studies, COVID-19 spreads rapidly through droplets, and the probability of infection is increased if a person comes in contact with any infected patient. For example, India, with a population of 1.353 billion, cannot test each citizen, and there is a high probability of missing COVID-19 cases in random sampling, which might worsen the situation once lockdown is lifted. Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic cache = ./cache/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286341-16tghl48 author = CONCHA-MEJIA, A. title = CCOFEE-GI Study: Colombian COVID19 First Experience in Gastroentrology. Characterization of digestive manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a highly complex institution in Bogota D.C., Colombia date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2012 sentences = 125 flesch = 50 summary = In Colombia, the first case was diagnosed on March 6, 2020 , with exponential progressive growth, and there were >200,000 confirmed cases as of July 20, 2020, in this cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study, we focused on the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a highly complex institution in Latinamerica, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: We included 72 patients RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 (34 women and 38 men) with age 47.5 17.7 years; 17 (23.6%) presented at least one of the gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and/or diarrhea). In this study, we focused on the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a highly complex institution in Bogota, Colombia, with special emphasis on the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286544-ipmcqz8n author = Cheng, Biao title = Predictors of progression from moderate to severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 114 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: All adult patients with COVID-19 of moderate severity diagnosed using qRT-PCR and hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from Jan 1 to Mar 20, 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for NLR and CRP in predicting progression to critical condition was 0.77 (95% CI 0.694-0.846, P < 0.001) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.780-0.905, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 2.79 and 25.95 mg/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of NLR and CRP at admission were associated with poor prognosis of moderate COVID-19 patients. In this study, we focus on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with moderate COVID-19 treated at a single institution and explore the factors and indicators associated with their prognosis. However, older age, male gender, and NLR and CRP levels on admission were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with moderate COVID-19. In conclusion, age, gender, and NLR and CRP levels at admission are associated with poor prognoses of patients with moderate COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286853-9gbel3pq author = Kim, Jiwon title = Prognostic Utility of Right Ventricular Remodeling Over Conventional Risk Stratification in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2125 sentences = 108 flesch = 35 summary = BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that confers augmented risk for right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and dilation; the prognostic utility of adverse RV remodeling in COVID-19 patients is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether adverse RV remodeling (dysfunction/dilation) predicts COVID-19 prognosis independent of clinical and biomarker risk stratification. Cardiac injury has also been reported to predict prognosis among COVID-19-infected patients, as evidenced by outcomes data that troponin elevation was present in 46% of nonsurvivors as opposed to 1% of survivors (5) and was associated with a >10-fold increased risk of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (6) . Related to this, it is important to note that whereas our results demonstrate adverse RV remodeling to strongly predict mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, available study data was insufficient to establish the mechanism for RV dilation or dysfunction. cache = ./cache/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286644-fafqg4i3 author = Paramore, Louise title = Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients. date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1127 sentences = 72 flesch = 53 summary = Since first reported in December 2019, the novel RNA betacoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread rapidly across the world with, as of the 3rd May 2020, 3.3 million confirmed cases with more than 230,000 deaths worldwide and more than 200 countries affected. Current evidence shows an incubation period of up to 14 days post exposure to the virus, and on average most patients first display symptoms on day five after initial exposure. Even before then, hospitals in the National Health Service (NHS) had been preparing for a surge in demand by redeploying All patients had standard pre-COVID-19 pre-operative assessments with no COVID-19 swabs taken preceding surgery. Standard operating procedures were followed as per the Public Health England (PHE) COVID-19 infection control policy. 6 During the operation, standard Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures were used by the anaesthetics team. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286887-s8lvimt3 author = Nour, Majid title = A Novel Medical Diagnosis model for COVID-19 infection detection based on Deep Features and Bayesian Optimization date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3686 sentences = 250 flesch = 55 summary = The proposed model is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically reveal discriminative features on chest X-ray images through its convolution with rich filter families, abstraction, and weight-sharing characteristics. study [5] , they used Chest Computed Tomography (CT) images and Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) method to detect COVID-19 and obtained a high diagnostic accuracy. proposed a novel hybrid method called the Fuzzy Color technique + deep learning models (MobileNetV2, SqueezeNet) with a Social Mimic optimization method to classify the COVID-19 cases and achieved high success rate in their work [6] . (2) The deep features extracted from deep layers of CNNs have been applied as the input to machine learning models to further improve COVID-19 infection detection. Only the number of samples in the COVID-19 class is increased by using the offline data augmentation approach, and then the proposed CNN model is trained and tested. cache = ./cache/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286915-lhxg4vjn author = Keller, Brian C. title = Early COVID‐19 infection after lung transplantation date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 860 sentences = 68 flesch = 43 summary = Herein, we report the first case of COVID‐19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation. COVID-19, the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, continues to rapidly spread, leading to significant stressors on global healthcare infrastructure. Herein, we report the first case of COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation. coronavirus, COVID-19, lung transplant Sixty hours after hospital admission, the donor was taken to the operating room for organ procurement following cardiac death. Given concern for infection, MMF was decreased to 500 mg every 12 hours, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing via nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) was obtained on POD9, returning positive 35 hours later. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient cache = ./cache/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286957-qmh35xyy author = Aziz, Muhammad title = The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2411 sentences = 183 flesch = 53 summary = BACKGROUND: The presence of olfactory dysfunction or "loss of smell" has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of "loss of smell" in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity. All studies reporting the prevalence of "loss of smell" (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction or "loss of smell" is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of available studies to evaluate the prevalence of "loss of smell" in COVID-19 and its utility as a prognostic indicator. As demonstrated in our study, "loss of smell" was associated with somewhat favorable prognosis of the disease and hence careful screening should be undertaken to identify potential patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286932-2gjnpqqa author = Lee, Yung title = Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2957 sentences = 196 flesch = 45 summary = title: Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review We included studies that assessed postoperative patient outcomes or protection measures for surgical personnel during epidemics. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights postoperative patient outcomes during worldwide epidemics including the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies specific safety measures to minimize infection of healthcare workers. Studies reporting outcomes of patients undergoing surgery during an epidemic-caused hospital lockdown and studies investigating the impact of lockdown on surgical HCW and surgical practice were included. 23,29,35 Fourteen studies described modifying the roles of HCW during epidemics, including formation of an "Emergency Incident Command Team" to identify and separate infected patients from other patients, allowing only essential personnel to be present during procedures, and assigning staff to conduct patient screening full-time. 21 No infections or adverse outcomes were reported for HCW during the SARS epidemics (0/128) from the included studies. cache = ./cache/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286960-uz34fjyp author = Ali, Nurshad title = Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4029 sentences = 222 flesch = 40 summary = This review discussed the possible roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and other acute respiratory tract infections and severity. Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. Some recent reviews hypothesized that vitamin D insufficiency may compromise respiratory immune function, increasing the risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality [12, 13] . There are also some retrospective studies that determined the correlation of vitamin D levels with COVID-19 severity and mortality [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] The recent outbreak and fast spreading of SARS-CoV-2 are a global health threat with an unstable outcome worldwide. Another study included 25 randomized controlled trials, with 10,933 participants in total from 14 different countries indicated the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of at least one acute respiratory tract infection [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286709-rend93ng author = Kim, D.H. title = Personal protective equipment availability and usage amongst pediatric otorhinolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2533 sentences = 157 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: A survey of 13 questions was created collecting information on: basic demographics of practice, types of PPE used for procedures of varying aerosolization risk, access to positive air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and patient testing for SARS-CoV-2. This would aid the practitioners to take into account recommendations by the governing bodies, otolaryngologic colleagues practices and their local resources to request for lacking PPEs. Herein, we report a survey of global pediatric otolaryngology specialists to assess their usage and access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey captured information on basic demographics of practice, types of PPE used for procedures of varying aerosolization risk, access to positive air-purifying respirator J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (PAPR) and patient testing for SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286799-q9p5kg65 author = Huang, Huang title = Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 Pneumonia Progression to Severe Symptoms Based on Earlier Clinical Features: A Retrospective Analysis date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3599 sentences = 166 flesch = 44 summary = The subsequent analysis with single-factor and multivariate logistic regression methods indicated that 17 factors on admission differed significantly between mild and severe groups but that only comorbidity with underlying diseases, increased respiratory rate (>24/min), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP >10 mg/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH >250 U/L) were independently associated with the later disease development. Finally, we evaluated their prognostic values with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and found that the above four factors could not confidently predict the occurrence of severe pneumonia individually, though a combination of fast respiratory rate and elevated LDH significantly increased the predictive confidence (AUC = 0.944, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.902). Finally, we evaluated their prognostic values with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and found that the above four factors could not confidently predict the occurrence of severe pneumonia individually, though a combination of fast respiratory rate and elevated LDH significantly increased the predictive confidence (AUC = 0.944, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.902). cache = ./cache/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286958-e1ey31eo author = Patel, Urvish title = Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5035 sentences = 323 flesch = 54 summary = We evaluated the global burden of COVID-19 including case fatality rates (CFR), strength of association between deaths and cases to predict CFR, case doubling time, COVID-19 specific mortality rates, and control measures by governments to prevent spread among USA, China, Italy, Iran, Spain, Germany, India, and South Korea. Bavaria declared a state of emergency for 14 days and measures to limit public movement and additional funds for medicine supplies were introduced [71] ; All flights from Iran and China stopped by German Ministry of Transport [72] ; Travelling in coaches, attending religious meetings, visiting playgrounds or engaging in tourism prohibited [73] 17 Finance minister announced US$24 billion stimulus package [88] Infection rate at the beginning of the major intervention (nationwide closure of school or major Table 6 mentions the predicted dates of the peak number of cases based on strict interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author = Jin, Xi title = Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6012 sentences = 322 flesch = 54 summary = title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. Sequence alignment analysis indicated 38 mutation sites for ZJ01 compared with other SARS-CoV-2 family members ( Figure 2(A) ). Further comparative alignment analysis of GZ02 (SARS viral strain), Wuhan-Hu-1 (the earliest sequenced SARS-CoV-2), RaTG13, HKU9-1 (the potential ancestor of SARS and SARS-CoV-2), HKU-1 and OC43 showed that the variation of FCS sequence had certain regularity in coronavirus evolution ( Figure 4(B) ). We speculated that, despite the gene similarity between ZJ01 and Wuhan-Hu-1, the mutation near the FCS changed the protein structure conformation and surface electrostatic potential of ZJ01, which further influenced its binding capacity with Furin. cache = ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287027-ahoo6j3o author = Lai, Yuan title = Unsupervised Learning for County-Level Typological Classification for COVID-19 Research date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3462 sentences = 208 flesch = 49 summary = The analysis of county-level COVID-19 pandemic data faces computational and analytic challenges, particularly when considering the heterogeneity of data sources with variation in geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors between counties. The purpose of this study is to summarize publicly available and relevant COVID-19 data sources, to address the benchmarking challenge from the data heterogeneity through clustering, and to classify counties J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f based on their underlying variations. Particularly at the county-level, previous studies have implemented clustering techniques to analyze various data sources relating J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f to demographic, geographic, environment, and socioeconomic determinants of health and disease. While previous findings reveal possible geographical clusters of COVID-19 cases at the county-level, our study indicates this is from the underlying typology based on high-dimensional variables. cache = ./cache/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286923-o4fj8kx0 author = Berhan, Yifru title = What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 212 flesch = 34 summary = The immunological changes predominantly inclining to anti-inflammatory state, which is augmented by placental hormones' immune modulating action, looks against with COVID-19 inflammatory reaction leading to cytokine storm and multiple organ failure. As discussed hereunder, accumulating evidence from other infections and autoimmune diseases shows that immune modulating hormones, cytokines and other anti-inflammatory endogenous ligands are determinant factors in reducing the severity of several diseases during pregnancy; which could also be the most plausible explanation for the less severity and mortality of Covid-19 in pregnant women. Despite serious concern for patients with autoimmune disease, taking their immune suppression and medications, at least 110 individuals (79% females) with rheumatoid arthritis and got infected with SARS CoV-2 (from six continents) were not as such at higher risk of mortality, probably as they were on anti-inflammatory medication; only 6(5%) persons died of COVID-19 [89] . cache = ./cache/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287091-a3nieh5p author = Kumar, Anuj title = Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5544 sentences = 314 flesch = 51 summary = In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (M(pro)) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. Besides the uses of various FDA-approved antiviral compounds as mentioned above, there are many in-silico studies have been performed to screen the novel phytochemical molecules as a potential inhibitors of main protease of SARS-CoV-2 or develop new drugs against COVID-19 (Adem et al., 2020; Chandel et al., 2020; Gentile et al., 2020; Gonzalez-Paz et al., 2020; Khaerunnisa et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2020; Qamar et al., 2020; Sharma & Kaur, 2020; Sun et al., 2020) . In the present study, we have targeted the protease of SARS-CoV-2 virus using available molecular modelling based methods and studied the interactions with selected natural compounds (ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid) by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations followed by molecular mechanic/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) validation. cache = ./cache/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287057-1g5i8li4 author = Rabiller, G title = Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria en Argentina durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2615 sentences = 228 flesch = 41 summary = En esta publicación se presentan criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo en la práctica segura de la Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria, a fin de minimizar el riesgo de transmisión viral durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en una instalación de referencia de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) de Argentina, mientras se continúan desempeñando servicios esenciales para el sistema de salud. En el escenario actual es posible que pacientes COVID-19 positivos o sospechosos requieran prácticas de Medicina Nuclear para lo cual se tomarán todas las medidas sanitarias adecuadas, con la finalidad de proteger al personal de salud que realice la práctica, asegurando así la continuidad de la prestación del servicio 5 . La utilidad de este criterio, es que, una persona inmunocompetente desarrolla este perfil inmunológico en caso de contagio, por lo cual es importante esta consideración en la organización de los grupos de trabajo. cache = ./cache/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286975-id5dn795 author = Carlitz, Ruth D. title = Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5095 sentences = 309 flesch = 55 summary = Using anonymized mobile phone data, we show that South Africans in all provinces reduced their mobility substantially in response to the government's lockdown orders. While this suggests the lockdown measures have been effective in achieving their goals, we also reflect on how the government's response and corresponding mobility reductions interact with existing inequalities, keeping in mind the country's status as the world's most unequal nation. This section examines how South African citizens responded to the government's strict containment measures, drawing on Google's COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Figure 3 shows that South Africa 10 consistently "outperforms" its peers in terms of reduced mobility relative to the stringency of government response with the exception of grocery and pharmacy visits reflecting the exemption of such businesses from the lockdown order. South Africa's strict lockdown policies --and corresponding reductions in mobility by the country's citizens --were put in place with the aim of reducing the spread of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286901-whvq8y1p author = Vidali, Sofia title = D-dimer as an indicator of prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4272 sentences = 228 flesch = 37 summary = This study aims to highlight the correlation between elevated D-dimer (an indirect thrombosis marker) and the increased rate of poor prognosis-associated conditions, and to introduce D-dimer-labelled anticoagulant administration as a potentially useful tool to prevent complications and positively influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course. The keywords and their variants (differently combined) used for the search were "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2", "D-dimer", "coagulation", "hypercoagulative state", "laboratory analysis", "ARDS", "haemostasis", "thrombosis", "pulmonary embolism", "disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)", "heparin" and "anti-coagulation". The alterations of coagulation factors during SARS-CoV-2 infection and specifically that of D-dimer are, as documented in the clinical experiences described here, severe, constant and correlated with prognosis, complications and CEP rates. Among the factors that were demonstrated to be connected to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients, the presence of comorbidities may represent a confounding factor for the interpretation of D-dimer and other coagulation parameter alterations, especially considering the heterogeneous aetiology of thrombotic and thrombophilic states. cache = ./cache/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287102-o19uwryp author = Amit, Moran title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4182 sentences = 204 flesch = 52 summary = The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. The recorded data included the following: age, sex, medical comorbidities (i.e., smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and dementia), medication history, vital signs, chest X-rays, laboratory studies on admission to the ICU, anti-Covid-19 pharmacological therapy in the ICU (antimalarials, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and plasma from recovered patients), respiratory support method (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen mask), renal replacement therapy, nutrition methods (enteral and total parenteral nutrition), the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), complications, and outcome. In this nation-based registry study of critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Israel, the majority of patients were 55 years and older men, and a large proportion required mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287100-xkp8a9b9 author = López-Díaz, Álvaro title = COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: Time for Collaborative Research date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1390 sentences = 68 flesch = 28 summary = Cohorts of COVID-19-infected pregnant women may currently provide biological (e.g., umbilical cord and placenta samples) and clinical (e.g., maternal serum samples and neonatal filter paper blood samples) data that would enable the acquisition of very valuable genetic, metabolic, and immunological information. Such information would help determine the extent to which maternal infection, in addition to genetic vulnerability, contributes to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disturbance in the offspring, and would improve our understanding of the role of immune-inflammatory mechanisms during pregnancy in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (10). Such populationbased birth cohort studies of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women should involve detailed systematic clinical and biological examinations during pregnancy and delivery along with an extended follow-up of the offspring, including neurocognitive, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological examination. Large-scale and long-term prospective population-based birth cohort studies of COVID-19-infected and unaffected pregnant women are needed to unravel the complex interactions between maternal infection and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. cache = ./cache/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287094-73o7xxgt author = Lechien, Jerome R. title = In Reference to Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID‐19 Patients date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 591 sentences = 48 flesch = 45 summary = 1 The authors observed that 19.4% of paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients have fever, anosmia, and ageusia, which was previously reported in only 1 Asian study. 2 We agree about the importance to consider these symptoms in the COVID-19 infection but, regarding our European multicenter study investigating the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients, 3 we believe that the prevalence is significantly higher than reported by Vaira et al. Based on the evaluation of 417 hospitalized or confined mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients (RT-PCR+), we found that 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. 3 Based on an old publication investigating the olfactory disorder in upper respiratory viral infection, 6 authors suggested that the olfactory dysfunction may be related to direct damage by the virus on the olfactory receptors. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild to moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study cache = ./cache/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286638-bqxyb61p author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4824 sentences = 281 flesch = 46 summary = The disease burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has been increasing continuously with more than a million confirmed patients and more than 45 thousand deaths globally [1] . Emerging data suggests that COVID-19 is common in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the prevalence rate varied in different studies as well in country-wise data. Evolving data also suggest that patients of COVID-19 with diabetes are more often associated with severe or critical disease varying from 14 to 32% in different studies [15e18, 20, 22, 24] . Though there is limited data about the association of blood glucose levels with disease course in COVID-19 at present, data from other infections like SARS and influenza H1N1 has shown that patients with poor glycemic control have increased risk of complications and death [60, 61] . cache = ./cache/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287220-mpnuhqwg author = Giuliani, C. title = Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2758 sentences = 161 flesch = 50 summary = Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes It should be considered that following suggestions may change in the future when more evidence is acquired regarding SARS-Cov2 infection. Chen Y et al 5 reported four cases of live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection in Wuhan: newborns had no clinical signs of disease and were tested negative for the virus at delivery. 14 Moreover, some experts speculate that, similar to the 2002-2003 SARS-Co-V epidemic 15 , specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies pass via the breast milk from the COVID-19 mother to the infant within a few days after the onset of the disease, possibly moderating the clinical expression of infant's infection 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287136-3cml1shh author = Dopfer, Christian title = COVID-19 related reduction in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization – a concerning trend date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3805 sentences = 192 flesch = 50 summary = RESULTS: In the four weeks after lockdown in Germany began, we observed a massive drop of 63.8% in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization (mean daily visits 26.8 ± SEM 1.5 in 2019 vs. Severe cases of COVID-19 remained comparatively low in Germany (n = 163,175 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections with 6.692 fatalities as of May 4th 2020 [13] ), and the healthcare system has thus far been spared an untenable influx of critically ill patients. When we compared daily visit frequencies between 2019 and 2020, we observed a striking reduction in the number of patients presenting to the ED after March 16th 2020, the day that school closures and a nationwide lockdown began (Fig. 1a) . The proportion of daily patients with infectious diseases or signs and symptoms of infection, however, did not differ significantly between calendar weeks 12 to 15 from one year to another (Table 1 ; Fig. 2e ). cache = ./cache/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287191-e8073l9p author = Klompas, Michael title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date = 2020-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1330 sentences = 74 flesch = 48 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. The signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory virus infections. Case detection is still primarily focused on identifying patients with fever, cough, or shortness of breath; this focus leads to underestimation of the number of infected persons, overestimation of the mortality rate, and ongoing spread of disease. To cause a nosocomial outbreak, it will take just 1 patient with occult COVID-19 who is hospitalized, tests negative for influenza virus, and is taken off precautions despite persistent respiratory symptoms. But if we are frank about the morbidity and mortality of all respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, this is the best thing we can do for our patients and colleagues regardless of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286683-mettlmhz author = Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title = Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13299 sentences = 726 flesch = 45 summary = Interestingly, the increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage described both in SARS [59] and MERS diseases [60] were also reported in the early study of 41 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan [41] . A recently published case report of a patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 revealed the presence of an increased activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), follicular helper T cells (TFH cells), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, suggesting that both cellular and humoral responses are important in containing the virus and inhibiting severe pathology [82] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287221-oh7lnxwt author = Kock, Florian title = Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8385 sentences = 416 flesch = 41 summary = All these factors are important research subjects, and evolutionary psychology explicitly studies these deep-rooted threats and offers a plethora of explanations of how they can impact human thinking, feeling, and behavior. Specifically, drawing on research from evolutionary psychology on the behavioral immune system, we demonstrate across two studies how this pandemic impacts important tourism phenomena, such as tourist xenophobia (Kock, Josiassen & Assaf, 2019a) . Yet, it is important to note that each motive provides a myriad of unique ultimate explanations to many human behaviors and can serve as the starting point for an evolutionary based investigation in tourism research. Based on the Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm and, more specifically, the theory on disease avoidance (ultimate motive) presented above, this study tests whether a higher pathogen threat (ecology) relates to tourists' crowding perceptions and increased levels of xenophobia and ethnocentrism (phenotypic plasticities). cache = ./cache/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287161-hqrql1lh author = McGrail, D. E. title = COVID-19 Case Series at UnityPoint Health St. Lukes Hospital in Cedar Rapids, IA date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2237 sentences = 146 flesch = 48 summary = A retrospective, descriptive study of all patients tested for SARS-CoV2 on admission for illness to a community hospital in Iowa from 3/21/20 thru 6/14/20 consisted of evaluation as to demographics, presentation and hospital course. Overall survival of the COVID-19 patients was 88%, 77% in the critically ill, 59% of those mechanically ventilated and 33% of those requiring new dialysis. In this case series, we aim to describe epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted 3/21/2020 thru 6/14/2020 to UPH St. Luke's Hospital, one of the two hospitals in Cedar Rapids. This early peak in ICU resources is a reflection of transitioning from an early intubation intervention for COVID-19 related acute hypoxic respiratory failure to a strategy of utilizing high flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation(i.e BiPAP) as supported in the literature 15 . In addition, our data indicates a significant portion of the critically ill patients whom were mechanically ventilated required hemodialysis support, 47%(9 of 19). cache = ./cache/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287076-uxuff57y author = Wolfson, Julia A. title = Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4459 sentences = 208 flesch = 56 summary = The short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are magnifying existing disparities and disproportionately affecting low-income, food-insecure households that already struggle to meet basic needs. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated social and economic response [10] (e.g., school closures, stay at home orders, business closures, and job losses) have the potential to dramatically increase food insecurity and its related health disparities among already at-risk populations. We designed a web-based (Qualtrics) survey to measure the initial effects of COVID-19 on low-income adults in the United States (US) in mid-March 2020, just as some states were beginning to implement school closures and "stay at home" orders. This study presents results from a national survey of low-income adults in the US in the days immediately following the first major policy steps to enforce COVID-19-related social distancing measures on a wide scale in the US. cache = ./cache/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287011-yd8ayqgc author = Rajajee, Venkatakrishna title = Use of a Novel Negative-Pressure Tent During Bedside Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3177 sentences = 169 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive PDT procedures performed by neurointensivists on intubated adult patients with COVID-19 using the AerosolVE tent during the pandemic under an innovative clinical care protocol. This is a promising low-cost device to decrease risk to healthcare providers during AGPs. As the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, several patients dependent on mechanical ventilation have required tracheostomy. In this case series, we have demonstrated the feasibility of use of a novel negative-pressure tent during bedside tracheostomy for ventilator-dependent patients with COVID-19. The very high air-exchange rate within the tent may make such disconnections unnecessary, and thereby increase the safety of the procedure for COVID-19 patients who typically have limited pulmonary reserve and suffer oxygen Several other devices designed to decrease transmission risk during AGPs have been reported during the pandemic, in both the medical literature [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] and the lay press [17] [18] [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287303-b7vg439c author = Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title = Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3608 sentences = 188 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. 13, 14 During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, inconsistent use of PPE and lack of adequate infection control training were among the factors contributing to the infection of HCWs. 15 In this study, we aimed to capture attitudes and knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19 and IPAC measures in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially related to PPE. We also sought to identify factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19, and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID19 . cache = ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287222-wojyisu0 author = Zhou, Min title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 276 flesch = 35 summary = Of the first 99 laboratory-confirmed patients, 49 (49%) had been exposed to HSWM, which was reported to be the possible initial source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] . New Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme (Trial Version) published by Military Support Hubei Medical Team also put forward that for mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, corticosteroids should not be given principally and highdose corticosteroid pulse therapy was not recommended. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287156-3plpi6i9 author = Lassandro, Giuseppe title = Children in Coronaviruses’ Wonderland: What Clinicians Need to Know date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8021 sentences = 535 flesch = 43 summary = Among the seven coronaviruses that affect humans (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and the most recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent potential life-threatening diseases worldwide. Children appear to be less susceptible to develop severe clinical disease and present usually with mild and aspecific symptoms similar to other respiratory infections typical of childhood. 8, 9 Additionally, three HCoVs responsible for outbreaks involving high case fatality rates have been detected in humans in the last two decades: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( Table 1) . Principal features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the most recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) . Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission cache = ./cache/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287203-8ml2ic4a author = Moreno, G. title = Revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad pronóstica del dímero-D, coagulación intravascular diseminada y tratamiento anticoagulante en pacientes graves con COVID-19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5293 sentences = 469 flesch = 50 summary = Resumen Durante la nueva pandemia causada por SARS-CoV-2, existe poca evidencia en relación a varios aspectos de la enfermedad, como es el caso de la coagulopatía e interpretación de los niveles de dímero D, su asociación con coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) y controversia en cuanto al beneficio de la anticoagulación. La presente revisión en pacientes con COVID-19 sugiere la presencia de mayores niveles de dímero D en aquellos con peor pronóstico, que puede haber un sobrediagnóstico de CID en el curso de la enfermedad y que no existe evidencia sobre el beneficio de iniciar tratamiento anticoagulante basándose únicamente en datos aislados de laboratorio. Estudios recientes 4,5 sugieren que las muertes por enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2 se asocian de forma frecuente a la presencia de coagulopatía y coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID), y que valores elevados de dímero D (DD) superiores a 1 g/ml se asocian con mayor mortalidad 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287321-1ro10ujr author = Alpaydin, Aylin Ozgen title = Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis of Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Viruses in the Era of Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3288 sentences = 197 flesch = 48 summary = INTRODUCTION: Following the announcement of first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) case on March 11, 2020, in Turkey we aimed to report the co‐infection rates, and the clinical, laboratory, radiological distinctive features of viral pneumonia caused by viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 originated human disease named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) changes from little to no symptoms to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome 4 . Under these conditions; it was aimed to report the co-infection rates, the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogens in a teaching hospital organized as a pandemic hospital immediately at the beginning of the pandemic in Turkey. Radiological assessments for the more frequently identified Non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens (both metapneumovirus and rhinovirus) were compatible with indeterminate or atypical for COVID-19 disease. Some clinical, laboratory and especially radiological findings may aid in the differential diagnosis of non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287247-vv0zc0gd author = Gutman, Julie R. title = Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19? date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4248 sentences = 236 flesch = 41 summary = With many LMICs implementing movement restrictions or ordering their populations to stay at home to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the threat to essential health services is likely to be immediate, causing delays to diagnosis and treatment for other diseases, including malaria and NTDs. During the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, there were substantial reductions in all-cause outpatient visits and patients treated with antimalarial drugs 2 ; modeling the potential for similar disruptions in malaria control due to COVID-19 suggests that there could be up to an estimated 769,000 deaths due to malaria in 2020 (approximately double the number seen in 2018), mostly among children younger than 5 years. 58 Thus, coinfection with parasitic NTDs could result in altered risks and severity of clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the potential for decreased development of immunity with increased viral loads. cache = ./cache/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287336-jvc1e8cq author = Sass, J. title = The German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO): A standardized dataset for COVID-19 research date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2252 sentences = 158 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we introduce the "German Corona Consensus Dataset" (GECCO), a uniform dataset that uses international terminologies and health IT standards to improve interoperability of COVID-19 data. Methods: Based on previous work (e.g., the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 case report form) and in coordination with experts from university hospitals, professional associations and research initiatives, data elements relevant for COVID-19 research were collected, prioritized and consolidated into a compact core dataset. Results: A core dataset consisting of 81 data elements with 281 response options was defined, including information about, for example, demography, anamnesis, symptoms, therapy, medications or laboratory values of COVID-19 patients. To improve interoperability of COVID-19 data, we developed the German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO), which uses international health IT standards and terminologies for interoperable data exchange. By using standardized data structures (HL7 FHIR profiles) and international terminologies, the GECCO dataset is an important step towards interoperability of COVID-19 research data. cache = ./cache/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287338-pws42iay author = Gendelman, Omer title = Continuous hydroxychloroquine or colchicine therapy does not prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a large healthcare database analysis date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2016 sentences = 107 flesch = 46 summary = As such, in this study, we investigated whether a chronic baseline use of anti-inflammatory medications (namely, hydroxychloroquine and colchicine) could provide a potentially beneficial effect in preventing or, at least partially, mitigating the burden of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we have utilized "real-world data" to explore the associations between subjects positive for SARS-COV-2, different underlying co-morbidities and medications, which were not administered for anti-viral treatment purposes. In a population-based study evaluating the clinical characteristics of 1,482 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the USA [19] the majority of patients were males (54.4%) with a similar pattern of underlying comorbidities, most commonly hypertension (49.7%), followed by obesity (48.3%), DM (28.3%), and cardiovascular disease (27.8%). Concerning the alleged anti-viral activities of hydroxychloroquine [23] and its potential protective role against infections [24] , the existing scholarly literature reports contrasting findings even though to date no RCT has shown an unequivocal advantage in preventing or improving the major outcomes in COVID-19 patients [25, 26] . cache = ./cache/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287452-nslygsdf author = Hamam, Asmaa Abu title = Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7750 sentences = 433 flesch = 51 summary = Furthermore, a recent study that explored psychological distress related to COVID-19 indicated that prior trauma exposure and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f subsequent PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated levels of psychiatric symptomatology and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic (Lahav, under review) . Specifically, it explored the unique contribution of PTG attributed to prior trauma in explaining peritraumatic stress symptoms J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related to the pandemic, above and beyond background characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors, and PTSD symptoms resulting from past trauma. Our results revealed that several background characteristics and COVID-19-related stressors were associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic, even after taking into account PTSD symptoms and PTG attributed to prior trauma. cache = ./cache/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287176-1hm0ua2s author = Solarino, Biagio title = Covid-19 pandemic and pediatric healthcare policy in Italy: time for a change date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2046 sentences = 117 flesch = 49 summary = For a number of reasons COVID-19 pandemic is polite with children; however, the fear of this unknown disease drove to develop dedicated pathways in the Pediatric Emergency Departments for the suspected and diagnosed cases of COVID-19, together with their relatives. For a number of reasons COVID-19 pandemic is polite with children; however, the fear of this unknown disease drove to develop dedicated pathways in the Pediatric Emergency Departments for the suspected and diagnosed cases of COVID-19, together with their relatives. With the double aim of reducing the circulation of patients in the hospital area, but also to spare human resources to throw into the COVID activities, all outpatient practices were virtually abolished (or at least sharply reduced): programmed admission were postponed, and elective surgery was limited to very selected cases requiring urgent oncologic treatment, trauma or emergency. 8 Monitoring pediatric EDs before COVID pandemic had clearly documented frequent overcrowding, resulting from inappropriate accesses for children deserving only primary care treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287196-re4sosff author = Shahzad, Fakhar title = Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8747 sentences = 505 flesch = 46 summary = The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour. cache = ./cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287444-vk3fdroq author = Quadri, Nasreen S. title = Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 415 sentences = 30 flesch = 48 summary = key: cord-287444-vk3fdroq cord_uid: vk3fdroq Physicians from the University of Minnesota created the online course "COVID-19: Outbreaks and the Media" to engage students in the COVID-19 pandemic response and teach them skills for communicating medicine with the general public. Students engage in public service to the medical profession, and our patients, by amplifying high-quality information about COVID-19 on social media. The long term goal of this curriculum is to equip students with skills necessary to engage with the general public about COVID-19 and other medical topics in a manner appropriate for our profession. Alternatively, this curriculum could be adapted for more general medical communication training for medical students outside of a pandemic. The impact of students' social media presence is a unique and scalable contribution to the pandemic response from the medical community; an alternative framework for being on the frontlines. Medical students and pandemic influenza cache = ./cache/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287281-x30fx97e author = Thorpy, Michael title = Management of Sleep Apnea in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3637 sentences = 179 flesch = 53 summary = With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. The three main objectives of the survey were as follows: 1) To discover how patients were coping with COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their sleep apnea and PAP use, 2) To determine whether PAP usage changed after the onset of the outbreak in terms of adherence, and 3) To find out if patients were concerned about whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their sleep apnea and, if they became infected, whether COVID-19 might result in greater complications because of the presence of sleep apnea. Interestingly, many of the COVID-19 severe illness risk factors are also well-known comorbidities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder estimated to affect over 29 million people in the U.S. alone. cache = ./cache/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287520-51kmd2ds author = Carneiro, Arie title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4537 sentences = 282 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient's elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. If it is not possible to separate an entire surgical block, we suggest designating specific rooms for the care of patients with COVID-19 that will not be used for regular cases. The gold standard test for investigation of the upper urinary tract is uro-tomography, but in times when we need to consider the use of resources, ultrasound could potentially be used since many imaging services are overloaded due to the frequent indication of thoracic CTs for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Sars-Cov-2. -In Intermediate-risk and high-risk non--muscle-invasive bladder cancers: Clinically fit patients with no major comorbidities should receive induction therapy followed by at least 1-year maintenance BCG. cache = ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287376-wxldnlih author = Krüger, Colin M. title = Can surgery follow the dictates of the pandemic “keep your distance”? Requirements with COVID-19 for hygiene, resources and the team date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3977 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = Finally, the choice of surgical method, whether open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, is critical in determining how many colleagues are exposed to the risk of infection from COVID-19 patients, sometimes for hours. Here, robot-assisted surgery can comply with the pandemic's requirement to "keep your distance" in a unique way, since the surgeon can operate at virtually any distance from the surgical site, at least with regard to aerosol formation and exposure. There were two central factors in the German hospital landscape that led to the restrictions described below: First, the call by the German Federal Ministry of Health to substantially increase the number of intensive care beds which would allow invasive ventilation of patients by temporarily postponing elective procedures; and second, the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), which is mainly produced in China, that accompanied the beginning of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287459-k9x3z2h1 author = Abu-Farha, Mohamed title = The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4822 sentences = 253 flesch = 41 summary = Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Similarly, increased expression of age-dependent phospholipase A2 group IID (PLA2G2D), an enzyme that usually contributes to anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediator expression, resulted in worsened outcomes in aged mice infected with SARS-CoV, suggesting that inhibition of such factor could represent a potential therapeutic option [36] . Of high relevance to this review and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the role of lipid rafts in viral entry into the host cells. Taken together, these studies suggest a beneficial impact for statins and potentially other lipid-lowering drugs such as PCSK9 inhibitors for treatment of COVID-19, especially that of the most severely infected people which are suffering from cardiovascular disease and diabetes [55] . cache = ./cache/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287497-93oiiqqi author = Tagliamento, Marco title = Italian survey on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology during COVID‐19 outbreak date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3228 sentences = 199 flesch = 49 summary = The objectives of this survey were to examine the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the perception of Italian physicians involved in the administration of ICIs about SARS-CoV-2 related risks in cancer patients receiving these therapies, and their attitudes towards the management of ICIs in oncology. The perception of respondents regarding the potential increased risk of severe events related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients treated with ICIs is displayed in Figure 1B . 17 Moreover, besides the overlapping between cancer-related signs/symptoms or side effects of oncological treatments (including irAEs) and COVID-19 manifestations, additional issues could emerge from the differential diagnosis between radiological findings of lung involvement from SARS-CoV-2 and pneumonitis induced by ICIs. 9, 24 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the perception of physicians towards these unsolved issues, and whether the outbreak has modified the clinical practice in managing the treatment with ICIs in oncology. cache = ./cache/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287507-1xb2hipt author = Rubio-San-Simón, A. title = Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2283 sentences = 130 flesch = 48 summary = title: Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all five ITCC-accredited Spanish Paediatric Oncology Early Phase Clinical Trial Units, including questions about impact on staff activities, recruitment, patient care, supply of investigational products, and legal aspects. Cancer research is particularly challenging, because patients are remarkably vulnerable: their baseline condition needs close surveillance and delays in diagnosis or treatment are potentially fatal [9] ; in parallel, cancer patients are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease [10] [11] [12] We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the early phase clinical trial activity in paediatric oncology during the first month of state of alarm in Spain (14th March-12th April 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287544-n32iscmr author = Solaimanzadeh, Isaac title = Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5448 sentences = 282 flesch = 41 summary = title: Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 A retrospective review was conducted on CCB use in hospitalized patients in search of any difference in outcomes related to specific endpoints: survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A retrospective review of patients on either nifedipine or amlodipine was conducted in search of any difference in outcomes, including survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287440-xy8o1mhs author = Caci, Barbara title = Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay Between Boredom, Fantasy Engagement, and Perceived Control Over Time date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5207 sentences = 278 flesch = 47 summary = Our model assigned the boredom to the mediation role and both the fantasy engagement and perceived control of time to the role of moderators in the relationship between neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. Starting from the state of the art above-described, in the current study, we aimed at analyzing the relationship between neuroticism, boredom, the fantasy engagement, the perceived control over time, and the fear of COVID-19 during the phase of social distancing. Specifically, we tested a mediationmoderation model (Figure 1) , assigning the boredom to the mediation role and both the fantasy engagement and perceived control of time to the role of moderators in the relationship between neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. As well, in light of the moderating role of perceived time control on the relationship between boredom and fear of COVID-19, treatment programs in mental health should aim to improve time management strategies in individuals so balancing the negative effect of the association mentioned above. cache = ./cache/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287676-qh7zeyyx author = Angoulvant, François title = COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1813 sentences = 132 flesch = 53 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis A time series analysis of 871,543 pediatric emergency visits revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown and school closure were associated with a significant decrease in infectious diseases disseminated through airborne or fecal-oral transmissions: common cold, gastro-enteritis, bronchiolitis, acute otitis. We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis based on multicenter prospective French surveillance data for pediatric emergency department (PED) visits and related hospital admissions. [13] While the role of the children in the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 is still being discussed, finding that school closure and national lockdown were linked to a dramatic decrease in pediatric emergency visits concerning gastroenteritis, acute otitis media, bronchiolitis, and other viral diseases could be not only an unexpected benefit for the children but could also raise the question of the impact on the health care system of starting lifting the French national lockdown by reopening the schools. cache = ./cache/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287470-otsts5c9 author = Kim, So Mi title = Perception and attitudes of medical students on clinical clerkship in the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3684 sentences = 165 flesch = 43 summary = DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with web-based 3-fields/14-items questionnaire was conducted, from April 7 to 14, 2020, to evaluate their self-assessed perception and attitudes on clerkship training of hospital practice under the COVID-19 outbreak and spread among 161 (78 on pre-clerkship course, 83 on clinical clerkship course) medical students at Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. CONCLUSIONS: In circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, educational strategies to clinical clerkship training for medical students should be developed to provide them with the opportunity to be actively involved in hospital practice under strict safety guidance focused on preventing virus infection and transmission. In this survey, the majority of medical students showed a positive attitude toward hospital practices at this time, despite concerns that clerkship training during the COVID-19 pandemic could spread the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287626-lnao60co author = Gaspar, R. title = Trends in cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 837 sentences = 45 flesch = 42 summary = During this period, some studies reported reduced numbers of hospital admissions across different areas -from cirrhosis to heart failure [1] [2] [3] [4] . We analysed the hospitalizations for decompensated cirrhosis from March 2, when the first patient with confirmed COVID-19 in Portugal was seen in our emergency department, to the end of the state of emergency, on May 2,2020. During this period there were 40 admissions due to decompensated cirrhosis, a number that was not significantly different from that observed in the same time period in previous years (median 38 admissions, ranging from 34 in 2015 to 42 in 2019). Readmission was associated with shorter LOS of the index hospitalization, while it was not associated with age, gender, aetiology of cirrhosis, reason for admission, or severity of liver disease at index admission. cache = ./cache/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287721-qsx1eov0 author = Berman, Adam E title = Elective cardiovascular care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: managing tragic choices date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2090 sentences = 110 flesch = 38 summary = We propose a clinical heuristic to guide individual physicians and governing bodies in their decision making regarding which cardiac procedures should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the behavioural economics concept of heuristics and ecological rationality. On 18 March 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the federal agency that sets US healthcare policy and reimbursement regulations, announced that all elective surgeries and medical and dental procedures would be postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic largely due to the need to restrict the non-urgent use of personal protective equipment. In our experiences, clinical heuristics developed for elective CV procedures within what can be regarded as an environment of ecological rationality may afford CV clinicians with additional tools helped us manage the tragic choices presented by COVID-19 while minimising what could be tragic outcomes to our patients, staff and population. cache = ./cache/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287653-69nfi379 author = Lacy, J. Matthew title = COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5202 sentences = 304 flesch = 45 summary =  Prosect cases in negative pressure isolation suite with at least 6-12 air changes per hour  Doff contact and droplet precaution PPE, as well as N95 respirator or PAPR  Limit personnel in the isolation suite to the minimum necessary to perform the examination  Employ splash and aerosol reduction techniques during prosection; oscillating saws are discouraged but if used should have vacuum shroud attachment  Use caution when handling sharps; allow only one person to prosect at a given time  Ensure a technician is outside isolation room to monitor procedure and provide support as needed  Procure synthetic nasopharyngeal (+/-lung) respiratory swabs in sterile tubes of 2-3 ml of viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2 testing as needed  Carefully decontaminate morgue surfaces and outer body bag following autopsy  Ensure body is fully enclosed in a secure bag, tag as infectious and ensure funeral home is informed  Consider modifying release procedures to prevent bag being opened in morgue for identification  Perform hand hygiene after doffing PPE A C C E P T E D cache = ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287625-dysdzjj1 author = Siddaway, Andy P title = Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 511 sentences = 26 flesch = 44 summary = The media has discussed a "pandemic of severe mental health disorders", 2 and there is a widespread perceived need to offer psychological interventions. Researchers investigating individual, societal, media, and mental health service responses to COVID-19 must avoid assuming psychological problems in people who are experiencing COVID-19-related distress. Adopting a diathesis-stress model of distress, the outbreak of COVID-19 is likely to either contribute towards exacer bating mental health difficulties in some individuals who were already experiencing psychological problems, or contribute towards the onset of problems in some individuals who are vulnerable. However, it is crucial that researchers keep context in mind when determining the presence of mental health problems; endorsing COVID-19-related distress or psychiatric symp toms might not itself be enough to indicate psychological problems. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287361-cpd4yl6c author = Ng, Qin Xiang title = The Wounded Healer: A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 979 sentences = 75 flesch = 57 summary = Expectedly, there have been increasing reports of high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms amongst frontline medical staff (Lai et al., 2020; Tan et al., 2020) , and calls for healthcare workers involved in the fight against COVID-19 to receive screening and counselling by professional mental health providers. A rapid review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the text words, "COVID-19" OR "nCoV" OR "SARS" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "mental health" OR "psychiatry" OR "psychology", "anxiety" OR "depression" OR "stress", up to 5 May, 2020, we found ten observational studies on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. -Levels of social support for medical staff were significantly associated with self-efficacy and sleep quality and negatively associated with the level of anxiety and stress. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287508-133inel2 author = Vasudevan, Rajiv S. title = Persistent Value of the Stethoscope in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3738 sentences = 189 flesch = 39 summary = • Stethoscopes are clinically valuable and integral to the doctor-patient connection; • Technological advancement will augment the utility of the stethoscope; • The stethoscope has high utility for assessment of COVID-19 patients; • Pathogen contamination in light of COVID-19 is a concern for the stethoscope; • Innovations in stethoscope hygiene will allow safe auscultation. During times of increased concern about contamination and spread of infections, physicians may opt to forgo their stethoscopes due to a lack of clear guidance on cleaning, lack of access to proper hygiene materials, or inconvenience with current personal protective equipment guidelines. Rather than forgoing a tool that might be useful in the prognostication of infected patients with cardiopulmonary abnormalities, it is important that novel hygienic and technological interventions be investigated to allow safe usage of the stethoscope. Advances in stethoscope technology will improve the auscultatory capabilities of health care workers and allow less contact with patients in transmission-based precautions. cache = ./cache/cord-287508-133inel2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287508-133inel2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287505-ihqzpdar author = Narain, Sonali title = Comparative Survival Analysis of Immunomodulatory Therapy for COVID-19 'Cytokine Storm' date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3650 sentences = 222 flesch = 42 summary = Patients were subdivided into six groups—no immunomodulatory treatment (standard of care) and five groups that received either corticosteroids, anti-interleukin 6 antibody (tocilizumab) or anti-interleukin-1 therapy (anakinra) alone or in combination with corticosteroids. Furthermore, corticosteroid use either alone or in combination with tocilizumab or anakinra was associated with reduced hospital mortality for patients with COVID-19 cytokine storm compared to standard of care. In this retrospective study, we leveraged this natural experiment to compare mortality in patients meeting criteria for CCS who received different combinations of these immunomodulatory drugs. Primary objective: To compare in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients with CCS who received combinations of immunomodulatory treatments versus SoC. Our study is the largest retrospective analysis to date reporting on outcomes comparing the use of immunomodulatory therapies such as corticosteroids, tocilizumab and anakinra in the treatment of COVID-19 CCS. Corticosteroid use, either alone or in combination with tocilizumab or anakinra, was associated with lower hospital mortality compared to standard of care. cache = ./cache/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287684-z3l9tsir author = Johnson, Sonia title = Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6655 sentences = 279 flesch = 48 summary = Our aim was to inform further research and service responses by conducting, in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey of the perspectives and experiences of staff working in inpatient and community settings across the UK health and social care sectors. cache = ./cache/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287734-q7ae4dyf author = Brosnahan, Shari B. title = Thrombosis at Hospital Presentation in Patients with and without COVID-19 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2073 sentences = 125 flesch = 48 summary = In an observational study, patients 5 with severe COVID-19 and an elevated D-dimer or evidence of coagulopathy who received 6 thromboprophylaxis during hospitalization had decreased in-hospital mortality, 6 supporting 7 associations between thrombosis and outcomes. 7 Consequently, current society recommendations support chemical 9 thromboprophylaxis to mitigate thrombotic risk among inpatients with 8, 9 10 Catastrophic thrombotic events, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial 11 infarction have been also reported in COVID-19 at the time of hospital presentation, suggesting 12 pre-hospital initiation of thrombus. In this study of patients with thrombosis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed 1 that the number of STEMI activations decreased, 18, 19 severe strokes in younger patients 2 increased, 20, 21 and incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism increased, 22, 23 as 3 previously described in other cohorts. 17 We showed increased mortality in COVID-19 patients who develop outpatient thrombosis as Respiratory infections, and pneumonia specifically, have shown to increase incidence of venous 4 thromboembolism. cache = ./cache/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287644-ay0vv27m author = Blackall, Douglas title = Rapid Establishment of a COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma Program in a Regional Healthcare Delivery Network date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3764 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = Overall, 6 major implementation "themes" were addressed: (1) registration of individual hospitals and principle investigators with a national investigational new drug research protocol, (2) collaboration with a regional blood donor center, (3) targeted recruitment of convalesced donors, (4) information technology issues related to all aspects of CCP ordering, distribution, and transfusion, (5) prioritization of patients to receive CCP, and (6) evaluation of CCP products including antibody characteristics and patient response to therapy. The Mayo IND provides specific criteria for patient inclusion in the protocol; namely, that they have positive molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2, are an adult (≥ 18 years of age), and have met defined clinical criteria qualifying them as having severe or life-threatening COVID-19. randomized controlled study, this protocol provided the infrastructure to initiate a convalescent plasma transfusion program in the SSM-STL network, which is the basis for this report. cache = ./cache/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287607-d3k26aar author = Emamaullee, Juliet title = Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3271 sentences = 143 flesch = 34 summary = Ongoing 'Stay at Home' orders and institutional policies mandating 'Work from Home' for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. These efforts were directed at the identification of the following areas that would require modification: minimization of direct patient care for routine study activities, logistics of research staff working from home, and study-specific protocol deviations, enrollment pauses, and remote site monitoring visits (Figure 3) . Sponsors were highly responsive, providing amendments to allow for study adjustments, including suspension of enrollment when appropriate for a specific study, protocol modifications to allow for remote follow up and designed for participant safety as well as to assure that data collection to achieve endpoints could be collected, and implementation of remote monitoring, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287648-nhsn4cru author = Cameli, Matteo title = Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3041 sentences = 160 flesch = 36 summary = Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID‐19–related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID‐19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis‐induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high‐pressure mechanical ventilation. 7 In two studies by Shi et al 8 and Guo et al, 9 among 460 and 187 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, respectively, 20% and 28% had acute myocardial injury, which was associated with higher mortality and incidence of complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), malignant arrhythmias, acute renal injury, and coagulopathy. 21 Accordingly, current reports suggest that the majority of COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury without evidence of epicardial coronary artery thrombosis, show imaging data supporting the diagnosis of acute myocarditis 21, 22 ; also, cases of fulminant myocarditis and fatal arrhythmias have been described. cache = ./cache/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287872-i6cahnxd author = Wendt, F. R. title = Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes and in over 1 million participants date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1604 sentences = 107 flesch = 41 summary = Severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19 were genetically correlated with 127 and 174 phenotypes, respectively, after multiple testing correction ( Figure 1A ). With 188 traits genetically correlated with either COVID-19 outcome after multiple testing correction (Table S3) , we tested for causality among UKB, severe respiratory COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19. After multiple testing correction we detected 24 and 42 latent causal genetic relationships with severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively (Table S4) . After multiple testing correction there were no significant differences between genetic causality proportions estimated for severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. Phenome-wide assessment of 14 COVID-19 liability loci (across three severity outcomes: severe respiratory, hospitalized COVID-19, and all COVID-19) identified 439 significant (FDR q<0.05, Figure 1C ) out of 7,221 phenotypes across six ancestries (Table S5) . cache = ./cache/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287732-abzpfdcu author = Martindale, Robert title = Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6232 sentences = 371 flesch = 42 summary = These variables have implications for nutritional interventions: [1] older patients are at-risk for pre-existing disease and sarcopenia which increases their risk for pre-existing malnutrition and increased risk of refeeding syndrome, [2] severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with refractory hypoxemia may require prone-positioning and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), [3] circulatory failure and concomitant feeding may increase the risk of gut ischemia and feeding intolerance, [4] multiple organ failure (MOF) and the need for early enteral nutrition (EN) to attenuate or mitigate gut derived inflammation, and [5] cytokine release syndrome which alters nutrient utilization (especially lipids). Recommendation 1: We recommend all healthcare providers, including dietitians, nurses, and physicians follow PPE standards set forth by the CDC and/or the WHO and adhere to their institutional guidelines when conducting bedside nutritional assessments for all patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287640-9j0w7191 author = Ilesanmi, Olayinka title = Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4319 sentences = 261 flesch = 52 summary = title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. An assessment of the perception and practices of community members is important to reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection in Ibadan, a densely populated city in Nigeria. This study thus aimed at assessing the perception and practices of community members in urban areas in Ibadan regarding COVID-19. Findings from previous studies conducted in Nigeria also corroborate the key role of positive risk perception on imbibing COVID-19 protective practices and attitudes . As this study was limited to the perception and practices regarding COVID-19, the knowledge of community members on the illness was not addressed. cache = ./cache/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287957-diyz54qy author = Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta title = Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4256 sentences = 226 flesch = 45 summary = title: Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among chronic patients who had a follow-up in North Shoa healthcare facilities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic among chronic patients who had follow-up at public health facilities in the North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Patients who maintained and observed better social distancing at the registration place, waiting for the outpatient department, laboratory, and pharmacy services as a means of the COVID-19 prevention in the healthcare facilities were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. Availability of sign and direction indicators, availability of ordering drugs, social distancing status in the healthcare facility, availability of alcohol, and sanitizer for hand cleaning at the healthcare facility entrance to prevent and control COVID-19 were factors associated with the satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287742-y1j9x5ne author = Lee, Kai Wei title = Stroke and Novel Coronavirus Infection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6545 sentences = 292 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. We, therefore, performed a systematic review and metaanalysis involving the epidemiological, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and laboratory finding related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. The following data were extracted from every study: the last name of the first author, year of publication, country, severity status, study design, patient characteristics (ethnicity composition, gender, and mean age), comorbidities (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, previous stroke, chronic kidney disease/end-stage renal disease, number of stroke patients per overall participants, any information relevant to strokes such as the location of stroke [arterial or venous]), types of stroke (ischemic or haemorrhagic), classification of stroke, mortality rate, and blood parameters. The aim of this current study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the epidemiological, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and laboratory findings related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287874-wl0wlxh6 author = Wang, Ling title = Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5530 sentences = 267 flesch = 45 summary = From 31 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, the patient was given quadruple therapy, including lopinavir/ritonavir tablets (400/100 mg every 12 h), arbidol tablets (0.2 g every 8 h), Lianhuaqingwen granules (a Chinese patent medicine, 6 g every 8 h) orally, and recombinant human interferon-α2b injection via aerosol (6.0 × 10 6 IU with 2 ml of sterilized water for injection every 12 h). • Quadruple therapy, which is lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, arbidol tablets, Lianhuaqingwen granules, and recombinant human interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) injection via aerosol, is a common regimen for patients with COVID-19 in China. From 31 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, the patient was treated with four drugs, which are oral administration of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets (400/100 mg every 12 h), arbidol tablets (0.2 g every 8 h), and Lianhuaqingwen granules (a Chinese patent medicine, 6 g every 8 h) and atomization inhalation of recombinant human interferon-α2b injection (6.0 × 10 6 IU with 2 ml of sterilized water for injection every 12 h). cache = ./cache/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288017-f9b3t0ts author = Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan title = Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4281 sentences = 280 flesch = 46 summary = High risks for fatal disease in COVID‐19 include older age, metabolic syndrome, male gender, and individuals who develop delayed type I IFN response. 54 In a macaque model of SARS-CoV infection too, aged macaques had more severe lung pathology, lower expression of type I IFN and higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to younger macaques. 80 to patients with COVID-19 that it is a mild immunomodulatory F I G U R E 2 Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry and inhibits virus-induced type I interferon (IFN) signaling and proinflammatory cytokines production. While male gender, older age and people with metabolic syndrome seem to be at a higher risk of contracting more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, younger females of African and Asian ancestry have higher risk for developing SLE; male gender among lupus patients, however, is an independent risk factor for severe disease. Evasion by stealth: inefficient immune activation underlies poor T cell response and severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice cache = ./cache/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287758-da11ypiy author = Mônica Vitalino de Almeida, Sinara title = COVID-19 therapy: what weapons do we bring into battle? date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17412 sentences = 1034 flesch = 45 summary = The increase in studies related to SARS-CoV-2 during the first semester in 2020 has allowed the rather speedy identification of promising therapeutic targets for both developing immunotherapies and producing/identifying antiviral drugs. 5, 64 So far, structural proteins and enzymes that participate actively in the process of viral replication are the most investigated targets for the development of molecules for anti-CoVs therapies (FIG. Based on results from previous studies as well, nelfinavir was considered a likely therapy for COVID-19 after its indication for clinical trials as a promising anti-SARS drug. 218 In addition to this well-known antitumor effect, imatinib has also shown in-vitro antiviral properties against several virus, such as infectious bronchitis virus (a viral model for studying the role of tyrosine kinase activity during CoV infection), by interfering with virus-cell fusion, 219 and other RNA viruses including coxsackie virus, 220 hepatitis C virus, 221 Ebola, 222 among others, mainly by blocking viral entry or egress from the host cell. cache = ./cache/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287918-hf9cyr16 author = Smith, S. title = Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes and obesity is associated with severe Covid-19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2872 sentences = 208 flesch = 58 summary = (4, 5) A recent study of over 4,000 patients with confirmed Covid-19 in the United States found older age (>65 years), obesity (BMI >40), chronic kidney disease and a history of heart failure were most associated with hospitalization, while critical illness was linked to low oxygen saturation (<88%) at admission, severe Covid-19 found 13% of patients had DM, reinforcing early observations that diabetes is a risk factor for more severe disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 doi: medRxiv preprint observations and several in-depth reviews (10) (11) (12) have raised concerns that diabetics with elevated fasting blood glucose are at increased risk of developing severe Covid-19. Moreover, we identify Covid-19 patients with PreDM and others with normal HbA1C levels who developed new onset DM, similar in presentation to Type 1 DM, coincident with recent acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 doi: medRxiv preprint the onset and progression of diabetes are associated with a corresponding increase in the likelihood of severe Covid-19 requiring intubation. cache = ./cache/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287785-rs306oyq author = English, Mike title = Systems and implementation science should be part of the COVID-19 response in low resource settings date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1159 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = A recently published 'call to action' to accelerate clinical research around COVID-19 in LRS [2] acknowledged the need for such learning and that COVID-19, and the response to it, might disrupt weak health systems resulting in harm directly and through unintended consequences. However, although this prior call to action stated that 'evaluations of affordable and implementable interventions of all types-behavioural, organisational, medical, and supportive-are a priority', scant attention seems devoted to this agenda even in the published COVID-19 research priorities of WHO or the African Academy of Sciences [3, 4] . Specifically, organised learning health systems are increasingly used in high-income countries for the purposes of such evaluations but are rare in LRS although some examples are emerging [6, 8] . All authors are involved in research on health systems or implementation science and receive funding for such work. cache = ./cache/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287949-243xlmep author = Onovo, A. A. title = Using Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging to reveal Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory Data Analysis date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4908 sentences = 233 flesch = 51 summary = Explanatory or independent variables in the model included total population, GDP per capita, percentage of population with access to electricity, percentage of population with access to basic drinking water, incidence of malaria (per 1,000 population at risk), percentage of men and women aged 15 and over who currently smoke any tobacco product, Diarrhea treatment (percent of children under 5 receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding), percentage of infants who received third-dose of pneumococcal conjugate-based vaccine (PCV), incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people), percent out-of-pocket expenditure, life expectancy at birth, Health Systems Performance Index, estimated incidence rate (new HIV infection per 1,000 uninfected population, children aged 0-14 years), estimated incidence rate (new HIV infection per 1,000 uninfected population, adolescents aged 10-19 years), HIV prevalence among people aged 15-49 years, transmission classification of COVID-19 disease (1=imported, 2=local transmission), income group (1=High Income, 2=Low income, 3=Lower middle income, 4=Upper middle income), Geocoordinates of SSA countries (latitude and longitude), and Time (days) between the first and last reported coronavirus cases. cache = ./cache/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287776-ylui7ls8 author = Murillo-Zamora, E. title = Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2730 sentences = 204 flesch = 57 summary = title: Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease Objective: To identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15 29 years old] 30 44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 1.11; 45 59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04 1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease. cache = ./cache/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288038-jdinf8od author = Thindwa, Deus title = Use of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults to reduce COVID-19 mortality date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2601 sentences = 119 flesch = 40 summary = Vaccinating older adults at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 disease against vaccine preventable diseases may therefore not only help to reduce the strain on the healthcare system from those diseases during a pandemic, but also alleviate some of the potential COVID-19 mortality due to co-infecting pathogens [8] . Similarly, maintaining high vaccine coverage of existing PCV and live attenuated influenza vaccine programmes in children reduces the associated disease burden in older adults through herd effects, and will further enhance benefits for limiting COVID-19 risks. In summary, where already in routine use among older adults and/or adults at-risk, maintaining both seasonal influenza and PPV23 at high coverage have the potential to not only reduce the burden of the targeted diseases but also prevent a proportion of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, if they can be delivered while minimising the risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author = Brown, Teneille R title = When The Wrong People Are Immune date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4509 sentences = 238 flesch = 53 summary = Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. 50 Even when they work for a state hospital, nurses and physicians are typically not protected under the state's governmental immunity, as they -exercised medical judgment, regardless of whether it related to policy decision.‖ 51 As parties will be looking for someone to hold accountable for the terrible outcomes 58 Other protocols prioritize short-term clinical factors, but then suggest using life-cycle considerations as a tiebreaker, with priority going to younger patients. This article advocates for removing the possibility of a medical malpractice claim for individual physicians and independent health care providers, when they are complying with published state, professional, or institutional COVID-19 policies in good faith. cache = ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288030-69e8cmy2 author = Ardakani, Ali Abbasian title = Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3414 sentences = 211 flesch = 51 summary = title: Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks indicated that a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) could detect lung nodules with a competition performance metric of 0.7967. In this study, we propose a CAD system based on deep learning to classify COVID-19 infection versus other atypical and viral pneumonia diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the entirety of patients representing flu-like symptoms with an initial diagnosis of the novel coronavirus, regardless of demographic values such as age and sex, were included in the study. In this study, ten well-known pre-trained CNN were used to distinguish infection of COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 group: 1-AlexNet, 2-VGG-16, 3-VGG-19, 4-SqueezeNet, 5-GoogleNet, 6-MobileNet-V2, 7-ResNet-18, 8-ResNet-50, 9-ResNet-101, and 10-Xception ( Fig. 3 ). In conclusion, a CAD approach based on CT images with promising potential was proposed to distinguish infection of COVID-19 from other atypical and viral pneumonia diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288066-sh6n2c3n author = Mohamed, Mohamed S. title = Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2489 sentences = 155 flesch = 41 summary = Variants in the androgen receptor gene correlate with androgen sensitivity and are implicated in diseases like androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer, conditions that have been associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes and hospitalization. The proposed mechanism behind this effect is based on the idea that androgen receptor and, subsequently, TMPPRSS2 expression affects the SARS-COV2 virus ability to enter host cells and its spike proteins affinity to bind ACE2 receptors (Fig. 1 ). SARS-CoV2 spike proteins are then primed by TMPRSS2, allowing the interaction with ACE2 receptors to enter host cells Fig. 2 Theoretical mechanisms suggesting CAG repeats length and associated androgen sensitivity as a predictor for COVID-19 disease severity lack of control groups or testosterone levels prior to infection, the results warrant consideration. Increased androgen receptor expression might lead to a higher risk of acquiring a severe COVID-19 disease by promoting TMPRSS2 transcription (Fig. 2) . Androgen Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Levels and Is Associated with Severe COVID-19 Symptoms in Men cache = ./cache/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288080-rr9e61ay author = Mohadab, Mohamed El title = Bibliometric method for mapping the state of the art of scientific production in Covid-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2862 sentences = 144 flesch = 50 summary = The latest statistics indicate that there has been an exponential increase in the number of publications since the discovery of the Covid-19 pandemic; the results provide a comprehensive view of interdisciplinary research in medicine, biology, finance and other fields. So the use of bibliometric analysis [2] to identify and analyze the scientific performance of authors, articles, journals, institutions, countries through the analysis of keywords and the number of citations constitutes an essential element which provides researchers with the means to identify avenues and new directions in relation to a theme of scientific research. In order to observe and evaluate the trends in publications in the thematic of Covid-19, the VOSviewer software was used to analyze the academic literature and examine the evolution of published articles, co-authorship, geographic area (country) of authors, co-citation, co-occurrence. Afterwards, a bibliometric analysis method was adopted in order to map the state of the art on the theme of Covid-19, so the three scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed) were used. cache = ./cache/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287875-jy9mzets author = Ambrosetti, Maria Chiara title = Rapid onset of bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Pneumonia: two cases studied with CT date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2377 sentences = 142 flesch = 51 summary = Since chest CT was introduced as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 pneumonia, many typical features of this disease were described such as bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a prevalent peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly in the lower lobes, and sometimes consolidative opacities superimposed on GGOs could be found. Some studies described the evolution of imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia: an increase of GGOs and a progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy-paving pattern 9 . CTPA was performed: no filling defects were detected in the pulmonary arteries, but multiple bilateral peripheral and with mainly subpleural distribution patchy ground-glass opacities were documented, together with initial parenchymal distortion and some areas of consolidation at the posterior-basal segment of both lower lobes. cache = ./cache/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287781-bvintr10 author = Sakka, Mehdi title = Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2499 sentences = 146 flesch = 46 summary = title: Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis Abstract Background: Several observational studies have reported elevated baseline D-dimer levels in patients hospitalized for moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conclusions: Despite high heterogeneity across included studies, the present pooled analysis indicates that D-Dimer levels are significantly associated with the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. In a recent pooled analysis of 4 studies including 553 patients, baseline D-Dimer levels were associated with COVID-19 severity. [12, 13] In the present study, we reviewed all current available data on the association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients in order to assess the potential of D-dimer testing for predicting outcomes in patients admitted to hospital. [17] reported that D-Dimer levels were significantly associated with 28-days mortality (OR 1.058, 95 % CI 1.028-1.090; p<0.001) in a retrospective cohort of 449 patients with severe COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288025-skkpkqw6 author = Eslami, Hadi title = The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4860 sentences = 269 flesch = 54 summary = Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to investigate the effect and role of various factors, including environmental factors (climate change, water transfer, air, and food), disinfection of surfaces, and hands in the transmission and prevalence of COVID-19 pandemics. The most well-known methods of surface disinfection to remove SARS-CoV-2 virus are, in short, the use of ethyl alcohol (62-70%), or hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) or sodium hypochlorite (0.1%, dilution ratio 1 to 50) with a contact time of 1 min (Henwood 2020; WHO 2014) . cache = ./cache/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287823-avi14ee5 author = Wong, Martin CS title = The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1051 sentences = 63 flesch = 44 summary =  We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control  Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control  Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control Dear Editor, Worldwide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a substantial global burden. On the contrary, a recent study published in the Journal of Infection examined the association between country-specific global health security index (GHSI) and the burden of COVID-19, but the findings showed that countries with higher GHSI did not have higher COVID-19 rate and had greater number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. We aimed to evaluate if countries with lower vulnerability and higher coping capacity were associated with better control of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by incidence and mortality outcomes. From multivariate regression analysis ( Table 1) , countries with higher vulnerability were significantly associated with higher maximum 14-day cumulative incidence since the first case ( coefficient Our findings imply that reducing vulnerability and enhancing capacity to cope could potentially mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288051-wp8v2mc5 author = Sánchez-González, Álvaro title = What Should Be Known by a Urologist About the Medical Management of COVID-19’s Patients? date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 267 flesch = 47 summary = Seven days after the clinical onset, the risk of transmission decreases in mildsymptomatic patients, but it may be extended over 24 days in severe cases [11•, 15] . The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely, including asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract illness, severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure, and even death [9, 11•] (Fig. 1) . Corticosteroids are recommended in the treatment of septic shock, exacerbation of chronic obstructive respiratory disease and these COVID-19's patients with respiratory deterioration and quick radiological progression associated with sings of cytokine storm (cytopenia, maintained fever, an increase of inflammatory reactants: D-dimer > 1000 ng/mL, ferritin > 1000 ng/mL, fibrinogen > 100 ng/mL, IL-6 > 40 pg/mL) [6, 23••] . Results from 237 patients, 158 assigned to remdesivir, showed no differences in time to clinical improvement, 28day mortality, oxygen support, hospitalization, or viral load. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab cache = ./cache/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288130-efffulhk author = Herrera, Miguel A Rubio title = Obesidad en tiempos de covid-19. Un desafío de salud global date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3526 sentences = 317 flesch = 53 summary = There is clear evidence showing that some biological and social factors associated with obesity involve an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and greater severity compared to people with normal weight. Aun así, estudios de series más amplios y metaanálisis recientes confirman que cualquier grado de obesidad confiere un incremento tanto del riesgo de gravedad como de mortalidad por COVID-19 15, 16, 17, 18 Hasta este punto, la mayoría de los estudios analizaban lo que sucedía dentro de los hospitales, pero se desconocía realmente si las personas con obesidad tenían mayor riesgo de infección respecto a aquellas con normopeso. A pesar de las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivos, de la insuficiente información sobre las características fenotípica de la obesidad, contamos con suficientes datos para sugerir que la obesidad comporta un factor de riesgo independiente de infección por la COVID-19, con mayor probabilidad de gravedad y mortalidad. cache = ./cache/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288184-fa1niz51 author = Kwon, Chan-Young title = Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5693 sentences = 315 flesch = 53 summary = In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. Throughout the manual, KM doctors categorized the potential psychological condition of individuals, and explained the symptoms that may happen in this stressful situation and guided potentially useful mind-body interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288174-w7rw9bej author = Shirai, Tsuyoshi title = COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 385 sentences = 48 flesch = 55 summary = key: cord-288174-w7rw9bej title: COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumothorax is a notable complication in cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in those who require positive-pressure ventilation. According to a report analys ing the 49 clinical characteristics of 1099 patients in China, 15.7% exhibited 50 severe pneumonia, and 2.3% needed invasive mechanical 51 ventilation [2] . As several cases have been reported, pneumothorax is a 106 rare but lif e-threatening complication of COVID-19 pneumonia [8, 9] . Pneumothorax in a COVID-19 Pneumonia 206 Patient: A Case Report Secondary Tension Pneumothorax in a 209 COVID-19 Pneumonia Patient: A Case Report. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients 219 W ith SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in W uhan Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients W ith Severe Acute 228 cache = ./cache/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288139-nq85fqux author = Tabish, Hilary B. title = Back to the basics: Hand washing is public health 101 and it works to slow down the spread of viruses date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1325 sentences = 69 flesch = 52 summary = • Despite the advice of normative health institutions such as the CDC and WHO on the importance of handwashing to slow the spread of viruses, in the U.S. there is an almost exclusive focus on social distancing, mask wearing and disinfecting the environment. Highlights Despite the advice of normative health institutions such as the CDC and WHO on the importance of handwashing to slow the spread of viruses, in the U.S. there is an almost exclusive focus on social distancing, mask wearing and disinfecting the environment. Although this novel virus requires innovation in balancing control measures to maximize safety while protecting livelihoods, there is tremendous value in relying on proven strategies and 'getting back to public health basics,' such as hand washing. Although this novel virus requires innovation in balancing control measures to maximize safety while protecting livelihoods, there is tremendous value in relying on proven strategies and 'getting back to public health basics,' such as hand washing. cache = ./cache/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288102-iom6lu7o author = Han, Jing title = Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and viral shedding duration date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4291 sentences = 226 flesch = 51 summary = The clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analysed to determine the factors influencing the prognosis and virus shedding time to facilitate early detection of disease progression. The clinical characteristics of 185 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in Tianjin were analysed retrospectively to determine the factors affecting their prognoses and the duration of viral shedding with the aim of facilitating early treatment and improving patient prognosis. We found that a lower PaO 2 /FiO 2 at the time of admission is a risk factor for a poor prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19. In our study, univariate analysis results showed that age was a risk factor for prolonged viral shedding duration, but no significant difference was found in the multivariate Cox analysis. This study showed that diabetes mellitus, age, the time from symptom onset to treatment and PaO 2 /FiO 2 can predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288255-p8uzrsbd author = Goossens, Gijs H. title = Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7043 sentences = 333 flesch = 36 summary = authors: Goossens, Gijs H.; Dicker, Dror; Farpour-Lambert, Nathalie J.; Frühbeck, Gema; Mullerova, Dana; Woodward, Euan; Holm, Jens-Christian Evidence from studies in humans indicates that people with obesity are characterized by systemic low-grade inflammation, higher susceptibility to infections, dampened immune response to infectious agents, as well as higher morbidity and mortality associated with infections, and demonstrate an impaired immune response to vaccinations and antimicrobial treatment [25] [26] [27] [28] . Together, these findings imply that evaluation of cytokine profiles and immune cell subsets in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a deeper understanding of the underlying processes, will significantly contribute to better treatment strategies and clinical management of COVID-19 [37] . At the same time, the rapidly emerging clinical data require ongoing scrutiny to understand not only the risks and benefits of single drugs to tackle COVID-19, but also the interaction with pharmacological agents commonly used in people with obesity and related NCDs, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, who are especially at risk of or hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288070-qwax5tg9 author = Robilotti, E. V. title = Determinants of Severity in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Illness date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2652 sentences = 166 flesch = 48 summary = Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher COVID-19 death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-19 disease4. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) within 90 days were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, while receipt of chemotherapy within 30 days and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. In this study, we report on the epidemiology of COVID-19 illness experienced at our cancer center over the last month, during the height of incident cases in New York City, and offer an analysis of risk factors for severe infection that is pertinent to cancer patient populations. cache = ./cache/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288197-drto66xt author = Chen, Huijun title = Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records date = 2020-02-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3927 sentences = 225 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in amniotic fluid, cord blood, breastmilk, and neonatal throat swab samples from six of nine patients. Based on data from this small group of patients, there is currently no evidence of vertical transmission in pregnant women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in the third trimester. cache = ./cache/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288020-vhtr3l0w author = Côté, Andréanne title = Early prediction of the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019: A key step in therapeutic decision making date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1348 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = In the present study, the blood sampling and assessment of risk factors used to determine the HNC-LL risk score were performed on the day of hospital admission. Previous studies have reported that an important proportion (>20%) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 present with a marked elevation of circulating biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, Ferritin), cardiovascular damage (Troponin) and thrombo-embolism (D-Dimers), identifying subgroups of patients at high risk of in-hospital morbidity and mortality [7] [8] [9] . Predictive scores that include blood biomarkers of inflammation may help to target the subset of patients who should receive dexamethasone or other anti-inflammatory therapy at an early stage of the disease and could aid in the optimal design of new therapeutic trials. Development and validation of the HNC-LL score for predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 cache = ./cache/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288092-x3fdxnbr author = Fonseca, Mario title = Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1689 sentences = 101 flesch = 45 summary = title: Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia Exacerbations with rapid progression resulting in increased dyspnea, increased oxygen supplementation requirements, and respiratory failure have been described in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other types of ILDs 3 . Recent concerns have been raised by the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ILD, mainly because of its propensity to cause severe lung injury in older individuals and in individuals with pre-existing lung disease. 5 Here, we present a case of a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) associated ILD (RA-ILD) recently hospitalized due to COVID-19. However, we do not know if coexistent connective tissue disorders like rheumatoid arthritis result in worse prognosis, especially in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization. Finally, it is intriguing to hypothesize that COVID-19 infection will lead in some cases to progressive fibrosing lung disease. Patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis are at high risk for severe illness related to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288264-xs08g2cy author = Ulahannan, Jijo Pulickiyil title = A citizen science initiative for open data and visualization of COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala, India date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3123 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a citizen science initiative, we leveraged publicly available and crowd-verified data on COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala from the government bulletins and media outlets to generate reusable datasets. RESULTS: From the sourced data, we provided real-time analysis, and daily updates of COVID-19 cases in Kerala, through a user-friendly bilingual dashboard (https://covid19kerala.info/) for non-specialists. CONCLUSION: We reported a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala to collect and deposit data in a structured format, which was utilized for visualizing the outbreak trend and describing demographic characteristics of affected individuals. Here, we report a citizen science initiative to leverage publicly available data on COVID-19 cases in Kerala from the daily bulletins released by the DHS, Government of Kerala, and various news outlets. The multi-sourced data was refined to make a structured live dataset to provide real-time analysis and daily updates of COVID-19 cases in Kerala through a bilingual (English and Malayalam) user-friendly dashboard (https://covid19kerala.info/). cache = ./cache/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288307-6dlw2klz author = Fisher, Bryant title = The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 754 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = title: The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID‐19 era as well as the importance of clinical suspicion, early isolation practices for those presumed positive, and repeat testing, given the marginal sensitivity of available COVID‐19 RT‐PCR. In this report, we describe the first documented case of a postNotably, through studies originating in China at the onset of this pandemic, the sensitivity of RT-PCR tests has been shown to be lacking. 3, 4 Given the reported sensitivity of RT-PCR for COVID-19, repeat testing in patients with high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection, and therefore high pre-test probability, is of paramount importance. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient cache = ./cache/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288271-p074ffpt author = Mathies, D. title = A Case of SARS‐CoV‐2‐pneumonia with successful antiviral therapy in a 77‐year‐old male with heart transplant date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2473 sentences = 155 flesch = 52 summary = In this report, we present a 77‐year old patient with a heart transplant under relevant immunosuppressive therapy who was tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 after several days of dyspnoea, dry cough and light general symptoms. All rights reserved Diagnosis: SARS-CoV-2-Infection with viral pneumonia in a patient with heart transplant due to coronary artery disease with ischemic cardiomyopathy In this case the combination of radiologic signs of viral pneumonia and the supposed high-risk state of severe immunosuppression led to the decision to start an antiviral therapy immediately after receiving the positive rtPCR-results although the patient presented only mild symptoms. [13] A second question is whether patients with a solid organ transplant who receive immunosuppressive medication are at greater risk for a severe manifestation of a SARS-CoV 2-Infection or might even benefit from a reduced immunologic reaction. For SARS-CoV 2 we found two cases of patients with a heart transplant of which one had only mild manifestations and one required mechanical ventilation but survived [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288304-80bn2wgd author = Sun, Y. title = The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2731 sentences = 161 flesch = 59 summary = Compared to the official reports, which showed that the peak number of existing infected cases was 11,869 on April 27, these results indicated that 1) NPIs took in Period II might reduce more than 50% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19; 2) owing to the effects of NPIs, the Japanese society had avoided collapse of medical service, which had been seen in Italy during the same period (Remuzzi & Remuzzi, 2020) ; 3) the of Period II was close to that reported in China before March 2020 (Chinazzi et al., 2020) . Compared to the official reports, which showed that the peak number of existing infected cases was 11,869 on April 27, these results indicated that 1) NPIs took in Period II might have reduced about 80% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19; 2) owing to the effects of NPIs, the epidemic transmission may mainly have occurred through family contacts . cache = ./cache/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288371-uyj4iske author = Arrieta, Oscar title = Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The THOCOoP cooperative group date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6664 sentences = 382 flesch = 46 summary = Long-term Follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Durvalumab plus platinum–etoposide versus platinum–etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Phase III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG 2597): induction chemotherapy followed by either standard thoracic radiotherapy or hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for patients with unresectable stage IIIA and B non-small-cell lung cancer Usefulness of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in evaluating response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced non small-cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study Randomized phase III trial of single-agent pemetrexed versus carboplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 Carboplatin-or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data cache = ./cache/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288067-36amafub author = Ashraf, Mohammad Ali title = COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4374 sentences = 285 flesch = 56 summary = Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and post-discharge follow-up were analyzed. The most common presenting symptoms are non-specific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. We reported detailed information about the potential source of exposure, household contact information, outcomes of potential therapies, and post-discharge follow-up, as well as demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics. Patients who came to the hospital were examined by an infectious-disease specialist, and classified into three groups according to disease severity based on Iran's national guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in outpatients and inpatients (Figure1). We compared demographic characteristics, hospitalization data, and potential treatment outcomes in critically ill and non-critically ill patients. 12 Recent potential exposures, household contact information, demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory, and radiologic findings, and patients' outcomes were extracted as shown in table1. cache = ./cache/cord-288067-36amafub.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288067-36amafub.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288394-h9hozu9j author = Kheirallah, Khalid A. title = The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4934 sentences = 241 flesch = 48 summary = The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288195-3lcs77uf author = Bilal, Mohammad title = What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3268 sentences = 170 flesch = 43 summary = Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scenario 3 included patients with a benign ampullary adenoma needing endoscopic resection, and 53.5 % of respondents voted this as semi-urgent in the current setting. Our results show that there is significant variability among gastroenterologists in regard to the timing of endoscopic procedures for semi-urgent indications during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288311-8kcturbn author = Fassihi, Safa C. title = Novel Approach for Low‐Dose Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1536 sentences = 86 flesch = 47 summary = This lack of clinical efficacy in treating asthma cannot be translated to COVID-19, which has a different etiology for pulmonary inflammation and is a disease process that stands to benefit from the anti-viral effects of HCQ. Although further evidence is needed to determine the efficacy of aerosolized HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19, low-dose targeted pulmonary delivery represents a safe and potentially preferred delivery method, particularly given the purported mechanisms by which HCQ acts against SARS-CoV-2. In light of the consequences seen with widespread use of high-dose, orally-administered HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19, clinical testing of the pharmacological parameters of inhaled or nebulized HCQ should be a high priority. However, if HCQ is to be administered in critically ill COVID-19 patients, low-dose inhaled or nebulized therapy may confer the collective benefits of similar or greater drug concentrations in pulmonary tissues, less systemic adverse effects (including cardiotoxicity), decreased burden on the healthcare system, and diminished strain on the existing supply of hydroxychloroquine. cache = ./cache/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288485-m3g88fl2 author = Lam, Katherine W title = Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3717 sentences = 185 flesch = 43 summary = title: Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome BACKGROUND: This study investigated continued and discontinued use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) during hospitalization of 614 hypertensive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Because the widely used antihypertensive medications angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) may upregulate ACE2 receptors [7] [8] [9] , through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cells [10] , concerns have been raised as to whether their use may result in increased morbidity and mortality [4, [11] [12] [13] . The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of in-hospital continuation and discontinuation of ACEi/ARBs on the clinical outcomes of hypertensive COVID-19 patients, controlling for newly developed hypotension or AKI during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288403-m6qe57he author = Abbas, K. M. title = Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7098 sentences = 317 flesch = 45 summary = First, we used previously reported country-specific child mortality impact estimates of childhood immunisation for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, rotavirus, measles, meningitis A, rubella, and yellow fever (DTP3, HepB3, Hib3, PCV3, RotaC, MCV1, MCV2, MenA, RCV, YFV) to approximate the future deaths averted before completing five years of age by routine childhood vaccination during a 6-month Covid-19 risk period without catch-up campaigns. Specifically, we conducted a benefit-risk analysis of vaccine-preventable deaths averted by sustaining routine childhood immunisation in comparison to excess Covid-19 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infections acquired by visiting routine vaccination service delivery points. The central estimates for benefit-risk ratio at the household level show the child deaths averted by continuing the routine childhood immunisation programmes (1-dose MCV1, RCV1, MenA, YFV for 9-month-old children) per excess Covid-19 death caused by SARS-CoV2 infections acquired in the vaccination service delivery points. cache = ./cache/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288336-io1t141z author = Singh, Rahul title = Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1063 sentences = 75 flesch = 47 summary = title: Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection Here we present a case of COVID 19 causing hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade in a 62-year old man who required pericardiocentesis and admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Lab results showed hyponatremia, acute kidney injury, leukocytosis with lymphopenia, mildly macrocytic anemia, coagulation panel within normal limits, an elevated D-dimer and negative serial troponins (Table 1 ) An echocardiography was emergently done and revealed a large pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology (Figure 3 , Video 1). Although not as common, viral pericarditis can cause hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, especially Coxsackie virus [5] [6] [7] . It is imperative to note that hemorrhagic pericardial effusion leading to tamponade may be the sole yet potentially lethal manifestation of this viral infection. • Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion may be the sole cardiac manifestation of COVID 19 Bloody pericardial effusion in patients with cardiac tamponade: is the cause cancerous, tuberculous, or iatrogenic in the 1990s? cache = ./cache/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288443-f11r6zup author = Bowman, Ryan title = Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1537 sentences = 96 flesch = 57 summary = With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer. 1,2 COVID-19 has already had extraordinary effects on how multidisciplinary head and neck cancer (HNC) teams provide HNC patients in initial hotspots such as Wuhan, China and in Italy as well as the United States and throughout the world. Reasons for these restricted schedules include but are not limited to, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of rapid COVID-19 testing, lack of transportation, social distancing and shelter-in-place orders, limiting office visits for patients deemed high risk of contracting COVID-19, lack of access to telemedicine services, and staffing concerns. The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients' care. Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the covid-19 pandemic: practice guidelines for head and neck cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author = Wellbelove, Zoe title = Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 680 sentences = 38 flesch = 46 summary = title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients We compared the newly validated 4C mortality score to the established CURB65, CRB65 and qSOFA scores in the prediction of 30-day mortality in a variety of existing respiratory infection cohorts in an exploratory analysis. Data from various previous studies performed in Dundee 3 , Hull 4 and South Yorkshire 5 of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and influenza (flu), respectively, plus a COVID-19 cohort (local ISARIC study patients 2 ) were analysed. The 4C mortality score had the greatest AUROC in COVID 19, CAP and IPD patients (0.83, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively) and had a similar AUROC, compared to the other scores (except NEWS, which was not calculable), in the influenza cohort (0.88). cache = ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288508-749im18d author = Sourdin, Tania title = Court Innovations and Access to Justice in Times of Crisis date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5092 sentences = 218 flesch = 50 summary = In response to COVID-19, many courts rapidly adopted supportive technologies that enabled video conferencing and at times the exchange of documentation using web-based platforms that include Teams, Skype, Zoom, Google Hangouts and WebEx. Some courts already had existing online filing systems and were, therefore, more prepared for remote working arrangements. Others have however struggled with video conferencing, including data privacy and security-related concerns, and the particular difficulties that arise in relation to jury hearings 5 [3] .Outside courts, where much justice work takes place, online dispute resolution (ODR) arrangements, became an increasingly important focus as delays increased in many court systems. The current scale of the public health crisis has required countries to develop innovative responses to protect people's right to health by establishing social distancing rules, while also ensuring respect for other human rights including access to court services and justice more broadly. cache = ./cache/cord-288508-749im18d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288508-749im18d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288500-ko4eda9w author = Zheng, Ruijun title = Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4678 sentences = 260 flesch = 52 summary = The results indicated that COVID-19-related stress, relationship quality with family, and demographic characteristics were associated with depression, anxiety, and perceived health status. A study reported that health care workers at high risk of contracting SARS were more likely to have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety, and develop post-traumatic stress during the SARS epidemic (McAlonan et al., 2007) . In this study, we hypothesize that COVID-19-related stress, relationship quality with family, and perceived health status are associated with the risk of depression and anxiety. The questionnaire contained ten main items: unknown origin of COVID-19, fear of infection, lack of effective treatment, poor patient compliance, nursing workload, poor social support, parent-child relationship quality, couple relationship quality, relationship quality with other family members, and perceived health status. The main findings indicated that nurses experiencing COVID-19-related stress and poor relationship quality with family were more likely to develop depression and anxiety symptoms and have health concerns. cache = ./cache/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288552-7lp07v5i author = Vahedi, Ensieh title = The clinical value of two combination regimens in the Management of Patients Suffering from Covid-19 pneumonia: a single centered, retrospective, observational study date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4914 sentences = 232 flesch = 40 summary = CONCLUSION: This study revealed the beneficial effect of the short-term use of low-dose prednisolone in combination with azithromycin, naproxen and lopinavir/ritonavir (regimen I), in decreasing ALOS compared to regimen II. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate short-term effects of regimen I (azithromycin, prednisolone, naproxen, and lopinavir/ritonavir) in group I patients in comparison to regimen II (meropenem, levofloxacin, vancomycin, hydroxychloroquine, and oseltamivir) in group II patients in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The patients' medical information including demographic data, COVID-19 test using a real-time RT-PCR via throatswab specimens, clinical features, routine laboratory tests, chest CT scans (before and after discharge) according to the WHO interim guidance [23] , treatment measures, comorbidities and data on the outcomes were extracted independently by two physicians through a standard case record form provided by the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288331-n0n69axw author = Ozturk, Ayse Bilge title = Change in Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1940 sentences = 106 flesch = 39 summary = Thirty-four percent of the physicians reported interruption of systemic steroid use in asthma patients, and 25% of the respondents discontinued biological therapy. Allergy and immunology clinics rapidly coordinated changes according to the guidelines' recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic while trying to meet academic/health care needs in addition to providing safety to medical staff and patients. Participants were using national and international societies' guidelines and online services such as those of the TNSACI, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) as resources for COVID-19 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Similarly, available international guidelines including the current EAACI statement recommend continuing biologicals for the treatment of asthma during COVID-19 and report that there is no current evidence to suggest that biologicals for the treatment of asthma increase the risk of CO-VID-19 infection; biological therapy was discontinued in one fourth of the asthma patients in our allergy clinics [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288566-7dtmjzj9 author = Chai, Ningli title = The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2526 sentences = 138 flesch = 45 summary = title: The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey Number of various GI endoscopic procedures and participants getting endoscopic training from January 1 to April 10, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and the same period of 2019 were collected and analyzed. Most of hospitals (93.8%) adhered to the recommendation of endoscopy practice issued by CSDE during the outbreak of COVID-19, and there was no cases of infection in endoscopic departments of all surveyed hospitals. [10] (3) Number of diagnostic GI endoscopic procedures from January 1 to April 10, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and the same period of 2019, respectively, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy and others; (4) Number of therapeutic GI endoscopic procedures during the above two periods, including ERCP, interventional EUS and others. The strongest strength of our study is that we provide the concrete impact of COVID-19 on GI endoscopic practice in mainland China, including various endoscopic procedures and training. cache = ./cache/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288493-i15rb8d2 author = Rother, N. title = Hydroxychloroquine inhibits trained immunity - implications for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7272 sentences = 474 flesch = 55 summary = Similar to what we observed at the time of admission, we found enhanced transcription of interferon-stimulated genes five days after admission to be associated with poor outcome (Fig. 3i,j) Taken together, these immune profiling data show that the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by marked alterations in the innate immune system, a result that corroborates previous reports 14 . To investigate the effect of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on trained immunity, we adapted a previously described in vitro protocol in which human PBMCs are stimulated with RPMI (control) or HKCA for 24 hours 21 . This effect was abrogated when cells were treated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for 24 hours during HKCA stimulation, indicating that these compounds prevent the induction of trained immunity (Fig. 4b, Extended Data Fig. 4b) . Since interferons play a central role in viral immune responses, and our monocyte transcriptome data from COVID-19 patients revealed enhanced interferon-stimulated gene expression, we investigated how inflammatory monocytes respond to restimulation with IFN. cache = ./cache/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288526-5zag3krb author = Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu title = Normal weight obesity and COVID-19 severity: A poorly recognized link date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 721 sentences = 54 flesch = 55 summary = People with obesity (those with high body mass index (BMI)) and coronavirus disease 2019 are at increased risk of requiring intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation, and death [1] . Although BMI is a commonly used measure of obesity in clinical settings, it cannot delineate fat-free mass from adipose tissue [2] . Indeed, emerging evidence shows that visceral adiposity, independent of BMI, is associated with a high risk of critical illness in patients with COVID-19 [4, 5] . The use of the sagittal image of chest computed tomography (done routinely to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia) to assess visceral adiposity [7, 8] , along with BMI, is a promising strategy to identify NWO individuals in clinical settings. Computed Tomography Highlights Increased Visceral Adiposity Associated With Critical Illness in COVID-19 The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection: Multiple Potential Mechanisms cache = ./cache/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288679-57ftpsmx author = Ramirez, David A. title = Resident Perspectives on COVID-19: Three Takeaways date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1417 sentences = 87 flesch = 45 summary = As we navigated these changes in our personal lives, our residency program also adapted to meet our new educational challenges. In one study, residents who had previously used a surgical simulator demonstrated shorter J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f phacoemulsification times and used less phacoemulsification power 1 . Although our surgical experience during the coronavirus pandemic was limited, our quick transition to a simulation curriculum allowed us to maintain progress in surgical training and to continue resident-faculty interaction. We implemented best practices on how to reduce spread in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ophthalmic clinics, published by a group of ophthalmologists in Hong Kong 9 , which involved careful triage of patients with symptoms suggestive of contagious disease, minimizing micro-aerosolizing procedures, and installing protective shields on slit lamps. Influence of surgery simulator training on ophthalmology resident phacoemulsification performance Surgical Simulation Training Reduces Intraoperative Cataract Surgery Complications Among Residents cache = ./cache/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288502-qqg41daz author = Martini, Katharina title = Patterns of organizing pneumonia and microinfarcts as surrogate for endothelial disruption and microangiopathic thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3613 sentences = 207 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: To evaluate chest-computed-tomography (CT) scans in coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients for signs of organizing pneumonia (OP) and microinfarction as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events. 21.1% of COVID-19 patients suspected with PE showed subpleural wedge-shaped consolidation resembling infarct pneumonia, while only 13.2% showed visible filling defects of the pulmonary artery branches on CT-PA. However, patients with suspected PE showed a higher prevalence of lung changes, resembling patterns of infarct pneumonia or OP and CT-signs of pulmonary-artery hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate possible typical parenchymal lung changes resembling patterns of infarct pneumonia or OP as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients. Our hypothesis is further strengthened by the higher presence of CT signs for pulmonary artery hypertension and right heart failure in patients undergoing CT-PA or with CT patterns resembling infarct pneumonia. However, our COVID-19 cohort showed lung changes resembling those of infarct pneumonia and OP as well as CT-signs of pulmonary-artery hypertension. cache = ./cache/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288490-l40t76la author = Omboni, Stefano title = Telemedicine During the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1264 sentences = 73 flesch = 48 summary = In the time of COVID-19 epidemic, Italy was found unprepared to manage lockdown patients with chronic diseases, due to limited availability and diffusion of large-scale telemedicine solutions. The scattered distribution and heterogeneity of available tools, the lack of integration with the electronic health record of the national health system, the poor interconnection between telemedicine services operating at different levels, the lack of a real multidisciplinary approach to the patient's management, the heavy privacy regulations, and lack of clear guidelines, together with the lack of reimbursement, all hinder the implementation of effective telemedicine solutions for long-term patients' management. Too late, *2 months after the epidemic began, the Ministry for Technological Innovation and Digitalization and the Ministry of Health launched a 3-day open call to telemedicine stakeholders to collect information about the current digital solutions (apps and chatbots) available on the market, to be used for timely tracking patients with COVID-19 or other pathologies. cache = ./cache/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288568-fjdjuksm author = Huang, Yuanyuan title = Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4690 sentences = 224 flesch = 42 summary = Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At present, several studies have reported the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other psychological states in the general population during the epidemic (1, 6-8, 10-12). Therefore, we investigated the public's mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic and aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia in a Chinese population; (2) examine the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; and (3) provide a theoretical basis for intervention measures provided by psychologists and the government. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288647-qul4sz7w author = Edigin, Ehizogie title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1099 sentences = 72 flesch = 48 summary = title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States However, the impact of COVID-19 on medical postgraduate training of residents and fellows in the US has not been adequately discussed in the literature. The non-COVID patient volume on the inpatient services of some hospitals has also markedly reduced. This markedly reduced patient volume in the inpatient service has limited trainee education. If these travel and visa restrictions cause a delay in new trainees from commencing work on time, there may be a potential shortage of medical personnel available to care for patients on 1 July 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the recruitment process for postgraduate training positions. Every year thousands of medical students and doctors travel from all over the world to interview for first-year residency positions across different teaching hospitals in the US. Medical student education in the time of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288421-sgzg7ndp author = Grobler, Corlia title = Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10516 sentences = 605 flesch = 41 summary = title: Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). One cause of depleted platelet numbers might be because of an increase in circulating biomarkers (including fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and VWF) that may directly bind to platelet receptors, followed by platelet hyperactivation and aggregation. We first discuss how fibrin(ogen) D-dimer, VWF and P-selectin interact with platelets, endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Ligand binding, including fibrin(ogen) and D-dimer to platelet receptors, followed by the activation of signalling pathways, leads to the secretion of molecules stored in these granules. cache = ./cache/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288732-k763ejqb author = ElMajjaoui, Sanaa title = COVID-19, Brachytherapy, and Gynecologic Cancers: a Moroccan Experience date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1736 sentences = 97 flesch = 41 summary = More recently, the American Brachytherapy Society published some clarifications in this regard and international expert consensus recommendations of radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic were published (https://www.americanbrachytherapy.org/about-abs/abs-news/abs-statement-on-coronavirus/, Gynecol Oncol 15, 2020). In the majority of cases, the treatment is based on EBRT (exclusive in early stages and with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced stages), followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) which constitutes a cornerstone in its management [4] . For patients over 70 years of age or with significant comorbidities (chronic respiratory or cardiac pathology, immunosuppression, etc.) who have small tumors or responding well to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), a more shortened schedule of 9 Gy per fraction in 2 fractions at 1 week apart may be considered. Efficacy and toxicity of concomitant cisplatin with external beam pelvic radiotherapy and two high-dose-rate brachytherapy insertions for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer cache = ./cache/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288580-onzzpkye author = HALAÇLI, Burçin title = Critically ill COVID-19 patient date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3805 sentences = 208 flesch = 46 summary = This pandemic is accepted as a viral pneumonia pandemic not a simple flu, therefore, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, follow-up, and management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 is extremely important. HFNO therapy and NIMV support may be applied in selected hypoxemic respiratory failure cases with proper PPE because of high risk of aerosol generation. However, these patients should be followed closely in terms of clinical deterioration, if no positive response is obtained in the first few hours (refractory hypoxemia, tachypnoea, tidal volume (Vt) > 9 mL/kg meaning increased minute ventilation and work of breathing). In the light of the data obtained from COVID-19 pandemic and hospital follow-up of these critically ill patients, the needfulness of intensive care units with well-organized structure and trained HCW, has emerged once again. Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288675-d4p3sj7u author = Sauer, François title = Tamponnade & COVID-19 date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1819 sentences = 212 flesch = 66 summary = Les limites de ce case report sont l'absence de confirmation diagnostique de COVID-19 au frottis naso-pharyngé (sensibilité de 59 % [4]) et l'absence d'analyse virologique du liquide péricardique. Le traitement par IEC/ARA 2 pourrait donc potentiellement aggraver les manifestations respiratoires du Covid-19 avec un surrisque de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë et mortalité [2] . L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer l'impact du traitement par IEC/ARA2 à l'admission sur la mortalité à 28 jours chez les patients hospitalisés pour Covid-19. Le traitement par IEC/ARA2 n'impactait pas la mortalité à 28 jours (19,7 % vs 13,8 % log rank p = 0,54) comme représenté sur la Fig. 1 . Le traitement par IEC ARA2 a été arrêté à l'admission pour 28 (41,8 %) patients. Conclusion Le traitement par IEC/ARA2 n'était pas associé à une augmentation de la mortalité après un suivi de 28 jours chez les patients hospitalisés pour Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288810-ab7k70c4 author = Zheng, Yingyan title = Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3369 sentences = 188 flesch = 42 summary = title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the predictive abilities of clinical and computed tomography (CT) features for outcome prediction in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The prognostic nomogram based on the combination of clinical and CT features could be a useful tool for predicting adverse outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Chest CT manifestations of regional involvement, scattering distribution, transverse distribution, the number of involved https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 kjronline.org pulmonary segments, extent, shape, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, crazy-paving sign, halo sign, reversed halo sign (RHS), air bronchogram, bronchiectasis, vascular enlargement, pleural thickening, pleural retraction, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were assessed. The nomogram developed using a combination of clinical and CT features could aid in https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 kjronline.org predicting adverse outcomes for patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288559-7m6sh5xx author = Bhattarai, S. title = Assessment of service availability and Infection prevention measures in hospitals of Nepal during the transition phase of COVID-19 case surge date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5136 sentences = 282 flesch = 54 summary = (8) The Government of Nepal designated 25 large (tertiary care) hospitals across all provinces as COVID-19 treatment centers, but there were no stringent guidelines for measuring pandemic readiness and response across the range of facilities.(6) With the decision of the High Level Coordination Committee (HLCC) for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (17 th March) to add 115 ICU and 1,000 isolation beds in the health facilities of Kathmandu, and set up a total of 120 ICU beds in other provinces, the overall status of pandemic preparedness and the capacity of national health systems were unknown. The overall service availability including specimen collection and laboratory services, isolation of COVID-19 suspects or cases, and ICU bed was found to be severely inadequate across small, medium, and large hospitals at the time of the study. Despite that given window of opportunity for Nepal in terms of pandemic preparedness, the majority of small and over one-third of medium and large hospitals had not allocated isolation beds for COVID-19 suspects. cache = ./cache/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288787-9g2vpdj3 author = Bitonti, Giovanna title = Being an Obstetrics and Gynaecology Resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on the residency training program date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2683 sentences = 146 flesch = 51 summary = OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy This was a cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. This cross-sectional survey study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. Findings from the survey showed that among Italian residents in obstetrics and gynecology, COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant training impairment. In summary, among Italian residents COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable negative impact on obstetrics and gynecology residency training program. cache = ./cache/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288634-7g2kg2tz author = Bres Bullrich, Maria title = COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1781 sentences = 94 flesch = 51 summary = We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the emergency department, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London's regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. 1,2 However, to date, no study has formally evaluated the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on the number of stroke patients being assessed in the ED, stroke admissions, or referrals to stroke prevention clinics in Canada. We, therefore, assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the ED, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the urgent stroke prevention clinic at London Health Sciences Center University Hospital's regional stroke center, serving a captive population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. cache = ./cache/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288720-bd86zswo author = Lin, Sheng title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 161 discharged cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3306 sentences = 196 flesch = 54 summary = The time from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after the Shanghai's first-level public health emergency response. In Cox regression model, the significant independent covariates for the duration of hospitalization were age, the time from onset to admission and the first-level public health emergency response. However, at present, the impact of first-level public health emergency response on the epidemic of COVID-19 was not estimated and information regarding the epidemiology and clinical features of discharged COVID-19 cases is scarce [9] [10] [11] [12] . Time intervals from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after Shanghai's first-level public health emergency response. Time intervals from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after Shanghai's first-level public health emergency response. cache = ./cache/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288575-srpc68t8 author = Yamakage, Michiaki title = Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 74 flesch = 36 summary = As anesthesiologists, our work in operating rooms, emergency departments, and/or intensive care units often brings us in close proximity to the patient's airway, exposing us to their aerosolized respiratory secretions. Wen X and Li Y briefly, but adequately, described anesthesia procedures for emergency surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in their letter [4] . [25] described the anesthetic management of cardiac surgical patients in their literature; we, could not, however, find any further information regarding this, especially in relation to cardiac anesthesia. Anesthesia procedure of emergency operation for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 Anesthetic management of patients with COVID 19 infections during emergency procedures Anesthesia management and perioperative infection control in patients with the novel coronavirus Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 coronavirus infection Chinese society of anesthesiology expert consensus on anesthetic management of cardiac surgical patients with suspected or confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 cache = ./cache/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288632-2aliqy8p author = Phillips, Nicole title = The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4575 sentences = 210 flesch = 36 summary = Specifically, Fig. 1 illustrates a conceptual model through which psychological influences (stress, anxiety, depression), pre-existing/comorbid disease (e.g., HTN, T2DM), and COVID-19 interconnect on the basis of known and unknown genetic variations that translate into human health outcomes and molecular modes of viral pathogenesis. Importantly, it is the interplay between key environmental exposures (stress; social determinants of health, SDH) and genetic predisposition for aspects of viral pathogenesis and/or comorbid disease (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM; hypertension, HTN) that ultimately converges on COVID-19 manifestation and affects mortality . While there is conflicting data regarding the effects of variants in all three of the candidate genes discussed here, the remarkable relevance of associated phenotypes to COVID-19 pathophysiology together implies that genetic polymorphisms which regulate immune and stress responses may interact to affect underlying disease risk and, simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. cache = ./cache/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288997-cb7ndzqt author = Dey, Thonmoy Josh title = Ethnicity and COVID-19 - A commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1521 sentences = 85 flesch = 58 summary = title: Ethnicity and COVID-19 A commentary on "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)" (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) For this commentary, we focus on the role of comorbidity, deprivation and occupation in the disproportionately high infection and mortality rates amongst Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals. This review, undertaken by Public Health England (PHE), showed that when accounting for age, sex, deprivation, demographics and ethnicity, people of Bangladeshi ethnicity had around twice the risk of death compared to people of White British ethnicity. Comorbidity has been identified as an important risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 [6] [7] , and several cardiometabolic conditions are over-represented in some of the minority ethnic groups discussed above. For instance, data from the Health Improvement Network database of over 400,000 patients in London showed that people of Asian and Black ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared to the White British population [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288903-vxeq1afx author = Lodha, Rakesh title = COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2301 sentences = 130 flesch = 49 summary = The overall case fatality among the hospitalized patients (including those needing intensive care) varies from 10 to 60% and is largely restricted to high risk groups (old age, diabetes, immunosuppression, etc) [3, 4] . The major issues include: how to maintain social distancing to prevent infections in crowded hospitals and how to protect HCPs. Public hospitals (secondary and tertiary care), in countries like India are very crowded and it is a big challenge to maintain social distancing. Given the high burden of infectious illnesses in countries such as India, there is a need for access to health facilities for these patients also. During the initial period of the pandemic, there was a great concern, almost a panic like state in HCPs. Therefore, all efforts should be made to provide highest levels of PPEs. Over a period of time, HCPs will develop confidence and acceptance of COVID-19 as another infectious disease which can be faced using proper precautions and appropriate safety gears. cache = ./cache/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288738-anouedix author = Mathew, Rishi Philip title = The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 495 sentences = 30 flesch = 47 summary = title: The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients Chest CT is now the widely accepted imaging tool for evaluating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as for monitoring therapeutic response and follow-up. COVID-19 disease in the pediatric population is mostly mild [4] , with the most common CT findings being unilateral or bilateral subpleural ground-glass opacities, and consolidations with surrounding halo sign [5] . We feel a combination of pathogen detection using RT-PCR and early chest CT including follow-up imaging should be incorporated into the protocol when managing symptomatic pediatric COVID-19 patients. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Differences in clinical and imaging presentation of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in comparison with adults cache = ./cache/cord-288738-anouedix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288738-anouedix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288931-d4fyitnk author = Parisi, Valentina title = Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1β a potential target date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 320 sentences = 29 flesch = 43 summary = A wide spectrum of disease severity has been described, ranging from asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, severe symptomatic requiring hospitalization, to respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Overall, these evidences suggest that the prognosis appears to be more conditioned by the host's response than by the infection itself, thus a precision medicine approach is highly desirable. In cardiovascular diseases, an important source of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, is the visceral adipose tissue (4) . In conclusion, there are many open questions that merit to be explored: i) to verify the role of NLRP3 in the clinical variability of COVID-19; ii) to test the potential therapeutic effect in COVID-19 of IL-1β inhibition (canakinumab, anakinra); iii) to explore the role of visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inhibitory Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Interleukin-1β on White Adipocyte Browning cache = ./cache/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288867-iicfe7il author = Bauch, Chris T title = COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced? date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 924 sentences = 63 flesch = 53 summary = These questions are how we might think of some of the dilemmas created by the COVID-19 pandemic, which presents us with difficult trade-offs in equity, economics, public health, and civil liberties. Plainly put, they ask the question: should health authorities place potentially exposed individuals into a quarantine setting where their separation from others can be enforced, or should authorities simply let them go home, ask them to avoid contacts, and monitor them for COVID-19 symptoms through phone calls or health-care visits? Aware of this dilemma, Peak and colleagues 1 use a mathematical model of the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to establish the conditions under which individual quarantine works better than active monitoring. Individual quarantine versus active monitoring of contacts for the mitigation of COVID-19: a modelling study cache = ./cache/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288836-bygcyxpz author = Manes, Gianpiero title = Planning Phase Two for Endoscopic Units in Northern Italy after the COVID-19 lockdown: an exit strategy with a lot of critical issues and a few opportunities date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2156 sentences = 121 flesch = 54 summary = We conducted a survey among the Directors of EDs in high-risk areas of Northern Italy with the aim of investigating the barriers and strategies to safely resume elective endoscopy activity in Phase Two of the lockdown. The first section focused on the organizational characteristics of EDs before and after the outbreak, in order to assess the impact of the pandemic on EDs. The second section explored the availability of specialist staff and personal protective equipment (PPE) in the EDs at the start of Phase Two. In the third section, the Directors of EDs were asked to foresee the endoscopy workload they would realistically estimate as achievable, according to local resources, in Phase Two (from May to July 2020), and to indicate strategies to optimize endoscopic activity in this reference period. cache = ./cache/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288865-5hu8i546 author = Xu, Gang title = New view on older adults with COVID-19: comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes” date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1341 sentences = 78 flesch = 55 summary = Studies in lower prevalence areas showed that the outcomes of older patients seemed not to be worse than that of younger patients. Several case reports showed atypical symptoms including falls, delirium, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in older patients, while olfactory and taste disorders were more likely to occur in younger patients (Giacomelli et al. Although older COVID-19 patients suffered more severe cases and complications, the outcomes seemed not to be worse than those of younger patients if handled properly in lower prevalence areas. It will be helpful to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of COVID-19 for the prevention and treatment in older patients. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 -Georgia SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288998-0by0bkgs author = Colarusso, Chiara title = A lesson from a saboteur: high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) impact in COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 211 flesch = 45 summary = In the attempt to understand how the virus spreads and how to pharmacologically abolish it, it was highlighted that SARS‐CoV‐2 infects human cells by means of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (M(pro)). Our attention has been focused on the role of ACE2 in that its blockade by the virus increases Bradykinin and its metabolites, well known to facilitate inflammation in the lung (responsible for cough and fever), facilitate both the coagulation and complement system, three mechanisms that are typical of angioedema, cardiovascular dysfunction and sepsis, pathologies which symptoms occur in COVID‐19 patients. Once SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 , the enzyme is blocked, therefore, leading to what we are actually assisting in terms of high blood pressure in COVID-19 patients and pulmonary edema up to angioedema, which underlies the fact that physiologically ACE2 cleaves several bioactive peptides, among which [des-Arg 9 ]bradykinin ([des-Arg 9 ]BK) (Vickers et al. cache = ./cache/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289008-c4cu3vrp author = Wallis, Christopher J.D. title = Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9353 sentences = 446 flesch = 44 summary = Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk of disease progression, with radical cystectomy delays beyond 12 wk from diagnosis or completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To this end, PubMed was searched from inception until April 2, 2020 to identify studies examining the association between delays in treatment and clinical outcomes, including upstaging, recurrence, and mortality for patients with bladder cancer (BC; both muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive disease), prostate cancer (PCa), kidney cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer, germ cell tumors, and penile cancer. Where radiotherapy is planned to be administered, a recent Cochrane Database systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies including 8278 patients demonstrated that for those with intermediate-and high-risk PCa, hypofractionation is associated with equivalent oncologic outcomes (MFS, disease-specific survival, and OS), as well as functional outcomes [64] . cache = ./cache/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288843-zxv5vsro author = Ianiro, Gianluca title = Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 90 flesch = 47 summary = As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread from China to other countries, governments and the medical community are taking steps to prevent transmission, from common sense recommendations to radical quarantine measures. 1 In that context, timely recommendations concerning the screening of donors of human cells, tissues, or cellular or tissue-based products have been released, as the potential for transmission of COVID-19 through transplant is not yet known. Last year, an international expert panel, including several authors of this Comment, released recommendations on how to screen faecal microbiota transplant donors, including a medical history and blood and stool examinations. Given the global COVID-19 outbreak, we, as an international group of experts in faecal microbiota transplantation and stool banking, believe that recommendations to update (at least temporarily) the screening of stool donors are urgently needed, as the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 by faecal microbiota transplantation might be higher than that in other tissue transplants. cache = ./cache/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289006-7dv1zsp9 author = Tan, Kimberly-Anne title = Addressing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Spine Surgery: A Rapid National Consensus Using the Delphi Method via Teleconference date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4529 sentences = 219 flesch = 43 summary = The following topics were discussed: repurposing of surgeons, continuity of spine services, introduction of telemedicine, triaging of spinal surgeries, preoperative testing, new challenges in performing spine surgery, and preparing for the post-pandemic era. The aforementioned challenges in clinical practice brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic raise the question of whether we can use present-day technology to improve patient care. The orthopedic spine service of the National University Hospital has had a long-standing tradition of auditing all upcoming spine surgery cases every week and has reported this to be especially beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic where resource availability is constantly changing. While the following set of guidelines provide a framework to help spine services triage their patients, the need to continually evaluate the operating lists on a case-by-case and resource-dependent basis remains crucial during this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289029-6vcjioon author = Suri, Abdul Wahab title = The Rejuvenation of the Withering Nation State and Bio-power: The New Dynamics of Human Interaction date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2784 sentences = 150 flesch = 52 summary = The incapacity of some advanced nation-states to control the masses through their frameworks of governmentality is leading to a revival of disciplinary power in the First World. In many parts of the world, states are instrumentalizing this type of power to discipline people in order to control the wide spread of the virus. In our part of the world (Pakistan) the people in power are constantly informing those who are not that, given that the virus is so contagious, they will be unable to provide healthcare to everyone who is infected or likely to be infected. This discourse at the subliminal level conveys the false assumption that under normal circumstances the public sector healthcare apparatus is actually capable of accommodating all the sick people affected by diseases other than COVID-19-which is, of course, untrue. cache = ./cache/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author = Tanveer, Faouzia title = Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6998 sentences = 322 flesch = 45 summary = From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. cache = ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288922-1lry9wkn author = Aamir, Alifiya title = Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 79 flesch = 42 summary = In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. As social distancing is considered to be the key preventive measure for infection control, mental health rehabilitation day boarding and day care centers, being a non-emergency service have limited new admissions, cancelled programs and have been temporarily closed at some places which in turn is going to significantly deprive people with chronic mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities of these services [7] . In order to ensure that all individuals on the road to recovery and/or admitted to a rehabilitation center are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. cache = ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288770-hquc2v2c author = Gupta, Rajan title = A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5868 sentences = 303 flesch = 63 summary = With so much happening in India right now, it becomes imperative that we study the current situation and impact of various such events in India through data analysis methods and come up with different plans for future which can be helpful for the Indian administrators and medical professionals. Also, the studies in Indian region from the past are more focused on presenting time series analysis based on the overall data for Indian region rather than covering other sources of information apart from just considering the number of infected patients, so the need to analyze the patients background and information is required for the authorities to get better insight about the situation. Studied like [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] worked on various mathematical models to determine the spread of the disease, predict the number of infected patients, commenting on the preparedness for each country in tackling COVID-19 4 spread and finding the patterns of flattening curve in different conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288863-buis3y21 author = Henry, Robert title = Innovations in Agriculture and Food Supply in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1837 sentences = 113 flesch = 51 summary = Both of these trends will add to the demand for new crop varieties that satisfy the growing demands of consumers and drive additional research efforts including accelerated application of emerging plant breeding technologies (Henry, 2019a) for production in these rapidly evolving agricultural environments. In many developing countries, COVID-19 has severely impacted on employment and incomes creating a major food crisis for growing numbers of people unable to afford food. The adverse impact of COVID-19 on the global economy may also result in a renewed risk of accelerated population growth that could add significantly to food insecurity. Many responses to the pandemic have resulted in changes in agriculture and food production that may persist in the longer term. Plant sciences have a major role to play (Weng, 2020) in not only addressing the needs of a post-COVID world but also the long term challenges of climate change, population growth, environmental degradation and food security. cache = ./cache/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288983-a6s9di4g author = Su, Sheng-Fang title = How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1815 sentences = 95 flesch = 50 summary = The success of Taiwan for anti-epidemic measures included: quick response and efficient management, central production and distribution of masks/medical supplies, quarantine/isolation regulations with tracking contacts technology, and coordination between government, medical workers, public health professionals, and the whole Taiwanese society. In addition to the existing measure of onboard quarantine inspection, including fever screening of arriving passengers, suspected cases screening through history of travelling, occupation, contact and cluster (TOCC) inquiring, and health assessments conducting, all health care facilities should reinforce reporting severe cases of pneumonia among people who arrive in Taiwan from Wuhan. In light of the ongoing outbreak, CECC has introduced guidelines for high-risk individuals regarding 1) self-health management (reported cases who have tested negative and met criteria for being released from isolation, or people under "COVID-19 Community-based Surveillance), 2) 14-day home quarantine (with travel history), and 3) 14-day home isolation (who had contact with confirmed cases), and provided quarantine sites with free meals and a US$30 compensation per day during the 14-day period. cache = ./cache/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289088-7uoia564 author = Ding, Qiang title = The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1517 sentences = 88 flesch = 49 summary = title: The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China In conclusion, those patients with both COVID‐19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID‐19 infection only. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID-19 as well as influenza virus. On one hand, this study showed that the clinical characteristics of patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection were similar to those of COVID-19 infection, but the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear, which would be more convinced when more cases included. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289041-lhc53uk4 author = Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal title = Is the paradigm of community pharmacy practice expected to shift due to COVID-19? date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1462 sentences = 66 flesch = 36 summary = However, despite dire need of telepharmacy and home delivery of medicines in COVID-19 prevalent developing nations, many factors, such as community pharmacist willingness, limited workforce, lack of expertise, financial reimbursement, infrastructure of community pharmacies may be to blame for low uptake of these services. Regardless of all the barricades, the shift in the community pharmacy paradigm -in terms of identity and recognition as a competent and trustworthy healthcare professionals -is expected to happen through telepharmacy and home delivery of services and medicines due to increased chances for direct interaction with patients in need of these services, only if community pharmacists aim to avail the opportunities rather than moaning about existing issues. But, as we see it, healthcare regulators in developing nations, where ensuring access to healthcare services and essential medicines has always been a great challenge, will need to utilize and promote community pharmacy services to cater the needs of vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288919-3ay39zf5 author = Müller, Helmut title = Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 231 sentences = 22 flesch = 42 summary = key: cord-288919-3ay39zf5 title: Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation cord_uid: 3ay39zf5 Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV suppression with repeatedly negative PCR results has been achieved. Metroticket 2.0 model for analysis of competing risks of death after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Clinical best practice advice for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: AASLD expert panel consensus statement Cyclosporine and tacrolimus have inhibitory effects on toll-like receptor signaling after liver transplantation Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19 The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the American Journal of Transplantation. cache = ./cache/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289115-bntcn0m6 author = Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan title = Role of Dupilumab in Approved Indications of COVID-19 Patient: an Efficacy-Based Nonsystematic Critical Analysis date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2136 sentences = 110 flesch = 49 summary = There are isolated case reports and series that document a milder course of COVID-19 infection in patients who have already been on dupilumab therapy for treatment of conditions such as atopic dermatitis and chronic rhino-sinusitis with nasal polyp. While it has already been in use in dermatology clinics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), it was most recently approved for the indication of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) on the 26th of June, 2019 [1] . We included clinical trials, research studies, case reports, and randomized control trials that employed the use of dupilumab at any point in the treatment of patients who were laboratory confirmed cases of COVID19. Details that were extracted included author and journal details, year of publication, sample size, age, sex, indication for rational use of dupilumab, duration for treatment, adverse effects observed, and course of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infection in a patient with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps during therapy with dupilumab cache = ./cache/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289046-frhpt8n9 author = Fix, Oren K. title = Telemedicine and Telehepatology During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1474 sentences = 87 flesch = 51 summary = The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act (H.R. 6074) was signed into law on March 6, 2020, and provides a temporary waiver of many of the CMS restrictions and requirements regarding telemedicine services during the COVID-19 public health emergency. When these barriers to telemedicine were removed, providers, hospitals, and health systems rapidly embraced telemedicine or scaled up existing programs to meet the sudden demand for remote, synchronous patient care. Some patients with new physical symptoms or recent hepatic decompensation are best evaluated in person but may avoid seeking medical care due to social distancing policies or concerns about exposure to COVID-19 in the health care setting. For established patients with decompensated liver disease, review telemedicine can offer rapid evaluation and avoid the need for an in-person appointment when, for example, adjusting diuretics or medications for hepatic encephalopathy. As we look to a future beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, we have an opportunity to consider telemedicine's place in the routine delivery of patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289111-6725jg29 author = Field, Nicholas C. title = Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 969 sentences = 62 flesch = 58 summary = In order to demonstrate the degree of change, we wish to report the dramatic decrease in operative, outpatient clinic, and consult volume at our institution, Albany Medical Center, an Academic Level 1 Trauma Center in upstate New York. 2 We rapidly trialed and implemented a video conference telehealth system by the end of March and have seen a dramatic shift in our clinic practice while continuing to provide appropriate patient care ( Figure 1 ). Our resident service was split into an on-call and backup team due to the decrease in case volume, and also to limit exposure to COVID-19, and provide coverage in the Neuro ICU. Our program has seen a significant reduction in consults and operations over the past three months despite being in a region with a linear case rise that has not been overwhelmed by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic decline in elective neurosurgical procedures, consults, and clinic visits. cache = ./cache/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289154-rwk2wajl author = Yeo, Danson title = COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1531 sentences = 90 flesch = 56 summary = title: COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons The screening centre also functions as a full-fledged Emergency Department as some patients may have symptoms of both COVID-19 and also a concurrent medical or surgical presentation and diagnosis. In order to ensure continuity of our surgical services in the unfortunate event of HCW COVID-19 transmission, each subspecialty team is divided into 2 or more sub-teams. Inter-hospital rotation of surgical residents has also been halted to reduce the chance of crosshospital interaction and potential transmission of COVID-19 between HCWs. Patients undergoing essential elective surgery are screened on arrival to the hospital for fever, upper respiratory tract (URTI) symptoms and contact/travel history. Emergency surgery for confirmed COVID-19 patients or suspect cases are performed in a dedicated operating theatre in NCID. cache = ./cache/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289144-d6fgs8qg author = Sieńko, Jerzy title = COVID-19: The Influence of ACE Genotype and ACE-I and ARBs on the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Elderly Patients date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5129 sentences = 320 flesch = 49 summary = Moreover, there is evidence that ACE genotype affects the outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment, the most severe consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 8, 13 The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and identify the mechanisms of ACE-I and ARBs with particular emphasis on angiotensin receptors and their polymorphism in the light of COVID-19 pandemic as these medications are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. 8, 13 The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and identify the mechanisms of ACE-I and ARBs with particular emphasis on angiotensin receptors and their polymorphism in the light of COVID-19 pandemic as these medications are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. 63 This upregulation of the ACE2 receptor causes an increase in SARS-CoV-2 binding sites, which can lead to COVID-19 infection. Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289103-6i7wf41w author = McElyea, Christine title = Lung ultrasound artifacts in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1758 sentences = 94 flesch = 50 summary = As of the summer of 2020, there are more than 12.5 million reported cases of COVID-19 caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing a pandemic that has presented many challenges in the traditional approach to patients with hypoxemia and shortness of breath or respiratory failure. Eight (8) In patient A, the findings described were noted in the upper anterior lung zones bilaterally, while a chest x-ray obtained concurrently demonstrated infiltrate in bilateral lower lateral lung zones. We were able to capture these early changes since ultrasound was used earlier in COVID patients as we suspect pneumonia in those patients even with a normal CXR as inpatient A, representing part of the early interstitial and parenchymal lung disease and the early manifestation and development of shred sign, not described in previous literature. Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289064-435bp4rt author = Muniangi-Muhitu, Hermine title = Covid-19 and Diabetes: A Complex Bidirectional Relationship date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5744 sentences = 290 flesch = 43 summary = Identified risk factors for disease severity and death from SARS-Cov2 infection include older age, male sex, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. We consider roles for the immune system, the observed phenomenon of microangiopathy in severe Covid-19 infection and the potential for direct viral toxicity on metabolically-relevant tissues including pancreatic beta cells and targets of insulin action. (18) , patients with diabetes and hypertension who had been treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) had a high number of ACE2 receptors in the lung, and could therefore be at higher risk of developing severe symptoms, if infected with Covid-19. With respect to the glycemic deterioration seen in patients with preexisting T2D during Covid-19, a very recent report (63) provides the intriguing observation that ACE2 expression at both the mRNA and protein is increased substantially in human beta cells in response to response to inflammatory cytokines, presumably rendering these cells more susceptible to infection. cache = ./cache/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289091-djv4syy4 author = Ullah, Waqas title = Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3384 sentences = 189 flesch = 52 summary = There was no significant difference between the disease progression between the two groups (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 0.26 -16.40, P = 0.50), while, HCQ was found to be associated with significantly higher odds of all-cause mortality (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.58 -3.13, P value < 0.00001) compared to patients in the control group. Subgroup sensitivity analysis based on the type of medications used in combination with HCQ in the experimental group mirrored the overall findings of all efficacy endpoints except that mechanical ventilation was lower in the study by Carlucci et al [14] , and control agent was favored in the study by Gautret et al [5] in terms of virological seroconversion. Our meta-analysis of 14 studies comprising 3,816 patients showed no significant difference in the efficacy of HCQ compared to the control arm, while the overall NAEs were five times higher in in the former group [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author = Salazar, M. R. title = EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 192 flesch = 47 summary = Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: medRxiv preprint administered early in the course of COVID-19 [14] [15] .Convalescent plasma is currently being evaluated in 126 clinical trials [16] . Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to compare the epidemiological characteristics, outcomes and independent predictors of mortality among patients who received convalescent plasma and those who did not receive it, who were admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. The main finding of our study was that the administration of convalescent plasma to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with a decrease of 24.4% in adjusted mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289078-wauwq841 author = Roxby, Alison C title = Lessons from Sweden: where can older adults shelter from COVID-19? date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1077 sentences = 54 flesch = 52 summary = Older adults living in care homes had the greatest increase in risk of death among all categories of household. The authors conclude that contact with working-age adults, whether in a household, a care home, or in a neighbourhood with high population density, was associated with higher mortality from COVID-19 among older adults. The findings also support a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission and mortality, which predicted that without significant social distancing in other age groups, sheltering behaviours for older adults are not expected to be protective. Despite the considerable emotional and physical support that caregivers and family can offer older adults, isolating at home with younger household members appears to still confer considerable risk for COVID-19 exposure. Residential context and COVID-19 mortality among adults aged 70 years and older in Stockholm: a population-based, observational study using individual-level data cache = ./cache/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289235-slkqu1pt author = Carrabba, Giorgio title = Neurosurgery in an infant with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 488 sentences = 35 flesch = 42 summary = Neurosurgery in infants with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therefore poses a dilemma because the infection is associated with relative immune suppression and a dysregulated inflammatory response, which act as drivers of the disease. 1 From Milan, Italy, we report the case of an 8-month-old male patient with a complex hydrocephalus who had a shunt malfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the baby showed upper respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19, concerns emerged regarding the need for general anaesthesia for shunt revision. To our knowledge, no reports exist regarding the risk of general anaesthesia in infants with COVID-19. Again, the baby underwent surgery under general anaesthesia without respiratory complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an infant with COVID-19 undergoing neurosurgical operations under general anaesthesia. This case might reflect a general observation of relative resistance of babies and children to 4 suggesting the possibility that paucisymptomatic infants with COVID-19 can undergo major surgical procedures without additional morbidity. cache = ./cache/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289067-ptqzvsdw author = Bansal, Priya title = Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8135 sentences = 467 flesch = 49 summary = Understanding risks and consequences of burnout magnified by COVID-19; identifying historical parallels of the pandemic while appreciating new challenges of social media; leveraging new technologies to care for patients, staff, colleagues, and ourselves while managing responsibilities at home; and using wellness resources at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and state physician health programs as needed can help each of us navigate uncharted waters together, even while practicing social distancing. In addition to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, trusted medical organizations such as the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the World Health Organization can be accessed for resources to help clinicians prepare but can also be used to curate and share information with others as well. cache = ./cache/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289201-pcnba40n author = Janus, Scott E. title = Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 588 sentences = 42 flesch = 46 summary = title: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 (1) . Reports have noted right ventricular longitudinal strain to be a strong predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (2) . Between March 16, 2020 and May 21, 2020, we reviewed 35 consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosed COVID-19 within the University Hospital Health System who underwent echocardiography. The median time from COVID-19 confirmation to echocardiogram was 3 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Thus, we observed significantly increased mortality with decrease (less negative) in left ventricular GLS in patients with COVID-19. Model 1 comparing tertile of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mortality by days since COVID-19 diagnosis as adjusted for ejection fraction (EF) and age. Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289101-ko1knslk author = Fu, Weihui title = An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-κ plus TFF2 with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6194 sentences = 315 flesch = 48 summary = Our previous clinical pilot study indicated that aerosol inhalation of IFN-k plus TFF2 is a safe treatment and is able to significantly facilitate clinical improvement, including cough relief, CT imaging improvement, and viral RNA reversion, thereby resulting in an early release from hospitalization without induction of a proinflammatory response [20] . This study demonstrated that the combination inhalation of IFN-k and TFF2 is able to shorten the time of viral RNA negative conversion and CT improvement, and facilitating patients early discharge from the hospital, in the absence of induction of a proinflammatory response and treatment-related adverse events. The primary endpoint was a significantly shorter time (Mean 3¢80 days, 95% CI 2¢07À5¢53) from the start of the study treatment to viral RNA negative conversion for SARS-CoV-2 in all clinical samples, including nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs and stool swabs, in experimental group than in control group (7¢40 days, 95% CI 4¢57À10¢23) (p = 0¢031), and difference between means was 3¢60 days (Fig. 2A) . cache = ./cache/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289266-4830qw10 author = Borchert, Alex title = Managing Urology Consultations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1073 sentences = 70 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Consultations to the urology service during a three-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of three pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Consultations to the urology service during a three-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of three pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. The present report details the efforts of the Urology Department (Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI) to develop and implement an inpatient consultation triage pathway to minimize unnecessary exposure for providers and patients, while providing safe and effective care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementing a urology consultation triage pathway allowed for appropriate inpatient urologic consultation management while minimizing the risk of exposure for both patients and urology team members during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289114-ifnk41oq author = Singh, Angaraj title = Effect of pre‐existing diseases on COVID‐19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6894 sentences = 470 flesch = 54 summary = The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with the cardiovascular problem have a higher fatality rate as compared to general COVID-19 patients. The ACE-2 has been suggested as a medicine for the treatment of diabetes because it reduces inflammation .Therefore, the diabetes and COVID-19 patients treated with ACE-2 have higher risk of infection (Zachary, 2020) . Although, the specific drug for SARS-CoV-2 is not discovered till date, the medical observers are attempting with different antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 infection . All rights reserved patients demonstrated that the combination of a new antiviral drug remdesivir and chloroquine slowed down the growth of SARS-CoV-2 (Abdul et al., 2017) . Convalescent plasma therapy has been observed as a better alternative for the treatment of severely infected COVID-19 patients. A research report suggested that plasma treatment is more effective at the initial stage (within 14 days of symptoms) of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289304-9srk0ohb author = Bagnato, Sergio title = Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1723 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 . The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). In this report, we describe neurophysiological findings from a patient who developed severe muscular weakness, likely due to CIM, after hospitalization for COVID-19. The patient described here had myopathy, with greater involvement of the proximal muscles in the lower limbs, probably reflecting ICU-acquired weakness. Since rehabilitation programs can be effective to reverse muscle weakness caused by CIM, health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for patients requiring both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289168-h27tkdal author = Froelich, Sébastien title = Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top? date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1142 sentences = 59 flesch = 44 summary = Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 led to an unprecedented inflow of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) requiring high-flow non-invasive oxygenation, if not invasive mechanical ventilation. On the basis of three representative cases, it is possible to propose the following hypotheses: (i) how patients are positioned has a strong influence on their oxygen saturation levels; (ii) saturation-optimalized positions are patient-specific; (iii) prone positions require ergonomic devices; and (iv) saturation-optimalized positions should aim to place the most affected part(s) of the lung(s) on top. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 In non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, the management of patients with COVID-19, the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), consists mainly of supplying oxygen to prevent desaturation and respiratory exhaustion. Prone positioning improves oxygenation in spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289315-8bfafpe0 author = Trubiano, J. A. title = COVID-MATCH65 - A prospectively derived clinical decision rule for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1626 sentences = 112 flesch = 57 summary = Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and increased pressure on testing resources, understanding the clinical and epidemiological features closely associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is vital at point of care to enable risk stratification. We demonstrate that an internally derived and validated clinical decision rule, COVID-MATCH65, has a high sensitivity (92.6%) and NPV (99.5%) for SARS-CoV-2 and could be used to aid COVID-19 risk-assessment and resource allocation for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. A COVID-19 rapid assessment screening clinic was established at Austin Health on 11 March 2020 with prospective electronic medical record (EMR; eMethods) data of patients presenting to the clinic systematically collected by medical staff from 11 March to 22 April 2020. The positive and negative results for each COVID-MATCH65 score are outlined in eTable 2. Whilst the clinical features of COVID-19 have been well reported, robust prospective from patients presenting for COVID-19 assessment that are both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative on testing remains absence. cache = ./cache/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289175-n95j94ck author = GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title = Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3596 sentences = 183 flesch = 50 summary = Scarcity of health resources not only places COVID-19 patients at risk but will also delay care for patients with urgent needs such as for cancer, diabetes, and heart disease-and even affect safe delivery for pregnant women. This concept was encapsulated by the National Academy of Medicine as "crisis standards of care," defined as the "optimal level of care that can be delivered during a catastrophic event, requiring substantial change in usual health care operations." 4 In jurisdictions with declared public health emergencies, 5 crisis standards of care provide a mechanism for reallocating staff, facilities, and supplies to meet population needs. Second, beyond health workers, decisions about who is tested or who receives treatment must center on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (public health), protection of individuals at highest risk, meeting societal needs, and promoting social justice. Protecting public health may mean prioritizing resources for people in confined settings (such as homeless shelters, prisons, and nursing homes), where the virus can spread rapidly from person to person. cache = ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289272-bhq4t850 author = Rosario, Denes K.A. title = Relationship between COVID-19 and weather: Case study in a tropical country date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 453 sentences = 36 flesch = 55 summary = title: Relationship between COVID-19 and weather: Case study in a tropical country This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between weather factors (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and rainfall) and COVID-19 infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Solar radiation showed a strong (-0.609, p < 0.01) negative correlation with the incidence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Temperature (maximum and average) and wind speed showed negative correlation (p < 0.01). Therefore, in this studied tropical state, high solar radiation can be indicated as the main climatic factor that suppress the spread of COVID-19. The data on daily 88 cases of the COVID-19 showed non-normal distribution, so the relationship between weather 89 and COVID-19 incidence was studied using the Spearman rank correlation test. Between nine climatic factors studied, 117 five were significant (temperature maximum, minimum and average, radiation and wind speed). cache = ./cache/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289372-bk348l32 author = Lin, Chung‐Ying title = Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID‐19 preventive behaviours date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8639 sentences = 390 flesch = 38 summary = We therefore focused on identifying the motivational and volitional determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Iranians based on an integrated model of behaviour that combined social psychological constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Schmidt, 2020) and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA; Schwarzer, 2008; Schwarzer & Hamilton, 2020) . The purpose of the current study was to examine the efficacy of an integrated theoretical model of behaviour that incorporated constructs that represent motivational and volitional processes from the TPB and HAPA in predicting engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours of Iranian individuals. Based on current evidence, interventionists should consider strategies that target change in perceived behavioural control, action and maintenance self-efficacy, and coping planning as these the constructs had the largest direct and indirect effects on COVID-19 preventive behaviour. The current study identified a number of important social psychological determinants of participation in COVID-19 preventive behaviours, particularly forms of self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control, and planning. cache = ./cache/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289378-ghmqd3yv author = Wang, Peng-Wei title = Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6477 sentences = 301 flesch = 39 summary = We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). The association between the deterioration of physical and psychological health and adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 (avoiding crowded places, washing hands, and wearing a mask) and mental health problems (general anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation) was examined using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for the effects of gender, age, and educational level. Table 2 presents the results of the univariate logistic regression model examining the associations between demographic characteristics, cognitive and affective constructs of health beliefs related to COVID-19, perceived social support, and the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health. cache = ./cache/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289476-8wh3hn0n author = Leiker, Brenna title = COVID - 19 BRIEF INTRODUCTION IN MENTAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND PATIENTS date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3754 sentences = 208 flesch = 48 summary = This document describes five categories of people for SARS-CoV-2 testing with viral tests (i.e., nucleic acid or antigen tests) [the following are hot links to CDC resources]:  Testing individuals with signs or symptoms consistent with COVID-19  Testing asymptomatic individuals with recent known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to control transmission  Testing asymptomatic individuals without known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for early identification in special settings  Testing to determine resolution of infection (i.e., test-based strategy for Discontinuation of Transmission-based Precautions, HCP Return to Work, and Discontinuation of Home Isolation)  Public health surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Generally, viral testing for SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be diagnostic when conducted among individuals with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or among asymptomatic individuals with known or suspected recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to control transmission, or to determine resolution of infection. Testing is considered to be surveillance when conducted among asymptomatic individuals without known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for early identification, or to detect transmission hot spots or characterize disease trends. cache = ./cache/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289349-imkgpwn0 author = Qiu, Li title = Strong immunity in the early two years of age links to frequent immunization of routine vaccines date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2040 sentences = 121 flesch = 52 summary = In this retrospective study, 25 patients under 10 years old were selected from a total of 186 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (Materials and methods, Fig. S1 , and Table S1 online). The patient age distribution revealed that children of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (Fig. 1a) . Because pediatric COVID-19 patients aged under 2 years were found to have shorter recovery times, we next further analyzed the clinical differences between children under and over 2 years old; several variables were compared between these two groups (Table S7 online). However, a previous epidemiological study revealed that the incidence of seasonal coronavirus infection in children under one year old is not significantly different from that in older children [15] . Pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity to infections or vaccinations alters subsequent T-cell responses to antigens of unrelated pathogens [18] [19] [20] , thus frequently contributing to a protective or pathogenic role in infectious diseases [18, 20] . cache = ./cache/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289445-t9qnsddo author = Rocha, Breno Amaral title = Why it is crucial to maintain oral care for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1173 sentences = 64 flesch = 45 summary = title: Why it is crucial to maintain oral care for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic In prevent those complications, the prophylaxis and management of RT's potentially toxic effects require dental teams specialized in caring for patients with cancer, which can, in turn, help to improve the quality of cancer care. At that stage, consultation with the patient should be performed with the aim of diagnosing and treating existing oral diseases, as well as planning preventative measures for possible complications (e.g., mucositis) [1] , [3] . Nevertheless, the adequacy of oral care that accommodates infection control measures currently recommended by competent [10] entities can allow dental care for patients with cancer to be maintained. Altogether, we believe that maintaining oral care for patients with HNC in RT is possible, as long as biosafety guidelines for preventing COVID-19 are followed and respected [10] . Provision of Continuous Dental Care for Oral Oncology Patients during & after COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289490-u0f0zyad author = Lumba, Rishi title = Neonate Born to a Mother with a Diagnosis of Suspected Intra-Amniotic Infection versus COVID-19 or Both date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 73 flesch = 44 summary = In this report, we detail a case of a newborn born to a mother with a clinical diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection with maternal fever and fetal tachycardia, who was then found to be SARS-CoV-2 positive on testing. Due to the varying presentation of COVID-19, this case illustrates the low threshold needed to test mothers for SARS-CoV-2 in order to prevent horizontal transmission to neonates and to healthcare providers. e current recommendations made by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) are that the diagnosis of suspected intraamniotic infection be made on clinical criteria, which include maternal intrapartum fever and one or more of the following: maternal leukocytosis, purulent cervical drainage, or fetal tachycardia. Although a clinical diagnosis of Triple I was made by the obstetrics team, given maternal fever, testing for SARS-CoV-2 was included as well. cache = ./cache/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289312-3vehcvhc author = Akintayo, Richard O title = COVID-19 and African rheumatology: progress in adversity date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1173 sentences = 57 flesch = 42 summary = The first collaborative effort was the pan-African survey 2 of the experience of rheumatologists across all five regions of the continent, done between April 21 and May 7, 2020, which provided a far-reaching understanding of the structure of rheumatology services and the degree of service disruption as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This process, which led to increased recognition of the diversity in the structures and resources of rheumatology services available in countries within the AFLAR network, culminated in the formation of 22 statements of recom mendations for the management of rheumatic diseases in Africa in the context of COVID-19. The widespread suggestion of a role for various diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 triggered an increase in demand that resulted in a shortage of hydroxy chloroquine in many rheumatology services. African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289335-9agazyre author = DeWit, Andrew title = An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2375 sentences = 119 flesch = 47 summary = title: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan Japan's integrated solutions show that pandemic response can include accelerated decarbonization and resilient, sustainable development. National Resilience Plans (NRP) and disaster reconstruction; economic risk countermeasures; and "Post 2020 Olympic Games" legacy investment in Society 5.0, SDGs-inclusive society. Having analysed Japan's financial stimulus in responding to COVID-19 response from section 2 to 3, we turn to examine how integrated financial and economic stimulus can foster a rights-based, low carbon, resilient and sustainable recovery. Specifically concerning fiscal countermeasures to COVID-19 and its economic fallout, failure to include climate action risks accelerated global warming. The 2030 Agenda thus embodies the shared responsibility and global solidarity essential to making COVID-19 recovery a major step in the long journey back from planetary boundaries and towards sustainable and resilient communities. cache = ./cache/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289524-jw4i2ccd author = Rossi, Esther Diana title = International perspectives: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 514 sentences = 44 flesch = 54 summary = title: International perspectives: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology Cytology laboratories also are being impacted by this pandemic in several ways. 2 Specimens, especially respiratory samples, may be submitted for cytologic evaluation. Now is the time to leverage digital imaging technology in order for cytopathologists to perform telecytology remotely, even from home if required. To allow for social distancing, cytotechnologists who are screening cases should be allowed to spread out as much possible. Can cytotechnologists screen cases at home? The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory COVID-19): information for laboratories Emerging infections and the cytology laboratory Going remote: maintaining normalcy in our pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic International Perspectives in Cytology represents the opinions and views of the author and does not reflect any policy or opinion of the cache = ./cache/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289282-4oz6r7op author = Hon, Kam Lun title = Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3558 sentences = 269 flesch = 58 summary = title: Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS The WHO coined the acronym SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and subsequently the causative virus as SARS‐CoV. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and short-term outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children: epidemiology, presentation and management Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Comparative analysis of eleven healthcare-associated outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS cache = ./cache/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289377-2vqqabum author = Yubero, P. title = Evidence for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from epidemiological data series date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4972 sentences = 268 flesch = 53 summary = We then estimate the capacity of EAKF techniques to infer the duration of this memory and then apply this approach to mortality time series from New York City, discerning immunity times against SARS-CoV-2 with reasonable accuracy. (B) The value of the synthetic infection rate β synth (dotted line) is captured by the protocol β model (blue) after some data assimilation steps, and prior to the pandemic peak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20160028 doi: medRxiv preprint uity of a strong reduction of the infection rate during the initial days of the epidemic in all data sets that we studied (results of Belgium, Spain and France are available in Fig. S4 ). In our case, the time-dependent state variables are the infection rate β , the immunity memory τ and the population in each compartment of the model. cache = ./cache/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289498-6hf3axps author = Tull, Matthew T. title = The Prospective Influence of COVID-19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5943 sentences = 287 flesch = 43 summary = This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. This study sought to examine the unique and interactive prospective relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (i.e., worry about risk for contracting or dying from and intolerance of uncertainty to health anxiety one month later. At high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, no significant association was found between COVID-19 affective risk assessments and health anxiety. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty are uniquely associated with various dimensions of health anxiety one month later. cache = ./cache/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289399-ij23mvma author = nan title = Facing the future—what lessons could we learn from Covid-19? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1184 sentences = 58 flesch = 56 summary = In this issue, there are articles on a range of public health issues including two systematic reviews: one reviewing the association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident 3 and the other a review of physical and psychological health and wellbeing of older women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rufai and Bunce 8 in their article analysing the content of world leaders' usage of Twitter in response to the pandemic warn that while Twitter may be a powerful tool, caution needs to be exercised when using Twitter for health information. However, now is possibly the time to learn lessons from the experiences of living through a pandemic. The small state of Kerala in South India has received international praise for the 'Kerala model' of dealing with Covid-19; 9 'the system had e ective protocols in place, and stuck to the time-tested strategy of case isolation and contact-tracing, combined with an alert community surveillance system'. cache = ./cache/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author = Xiao, Huidi title = Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4715 sentences = 228 flesch = 50 summary = title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289612-4x5t4c5u author = Alsuliman, Tamim title = COVID-19 paraclinical diagnostic tools: Updates and future trends date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7353 sentences = 387 flesch = 48 summary = Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection requires the detection of viral nucleic acid in respiratory tract samples by the use of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. In the course of this phase, upper respiratory specimens were tested by RT-PCR for viral RNA and the majority of the patients showed positive results for SARS-CoV-2. These results contrast with another German smaller study by Wolfel et al., conducted on 9 COVID-19 patients, with no discernible difference in viral loads or detection rates when comparing nasal and throat swabs [38] . found that 66.67% of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens. enrolled a total of 173 confirmed cases of COVID-19 by the use of rRT-PCR on samples from the respiratory track reported that the seroconversion sequentially appeared for the total antibody (Ab), IgM and then IgG, with a median time of 11, 12 and 14 days, respectively. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289533-hip9qtu5 author = Smulever, Anabella title = Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2822 sentences = 130 flesch = 41 summary = Since this disease is considered an immunosuppressive status by itself, especially in some types of cancer, the medical community has become increasingly concerned about the potentially deleterious effects that COVID-19 infection may cause in these patients. However, the limited current medical evidence suggests that there is no reason to believe that merely a history of thyroid cancer is enough to have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 infection or to evolve into a poor outcome. The frequency and modality of surveillance for patients with thyroid cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic must be adapted according to the risk of recurrence and the response to treatment. Patients with an excellent, indeterminate, or biochemical incomplete response to treatment do not constitute a risk group for COVID-19 infection, and the frequency of structural disease is less than 4%, 15%, and 20%, respectively [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289370-3n56low4 author = Kim, Hong Nyun title = A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1857 sentences = 112 flesch = 47 summary = We herein present our first case of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with COVID-19 infection who developed AMI with cardiogenic shock during hospitalization in intensive care unit. This is the first case of a patient with COVID-19 who underwent PCI for AMI complicating cardiogenic shock. Therefore, it is necessary to closely observe and properly test ECG, cardiac enzymes, and TTE (if suspected) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or underlying cardiovascular conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 15, 16 However, in real-world practice, it is possible to have a significant time delay between AMI diagnosis and the actual procedure because the primary PCI of a COVID-19 patient is accompanied by the possibility of COVID-19 transmission in hospital facilities, medical staff, and other patients. In our case, although he had AMI with cardiogenic shock, primary PCI was performed at the end of the scheduled procedures to minimize exposure of other patients. cache = ./cache/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289563-xdyaw1vg author = Tsioufis, Konstantinos title = Unveiling the mystery of “missing” emergencies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a generalized phenomenon with unclarified implications date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 727 sentences = 39 flesch = 47 summary = title: Unveiling the mystery of "missing" emergencies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a generalized phenomenon with unclarified implications In like manner, our study revealed that all-cause visits at the Emergency Cardiology Department (ECD) and particularly the STEMI cases appeared to be greatly affected over the same period [4] . Interestingly, both the daily patients' visits in the ECD and myocardial infarction cases were inversely related with the COVID-19 spread trends in Greece [4] . Data regarding a reduced mean left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among MI cases comprises another important finding about the ACS-related morbidity during the pandemic. In our study, before and post-COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decline of the observed mean LVEF among the STEMI cases between January 2020 and April 2020; from 47.8 to 37% accordingly (p = 0.031). The mystery of 'missing' visits in an emergency cardiology department, in the era of COVID-19; a time-series analysis in a tertiary Greek General Hospital cache = ./cache/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289496-d8ac6l6o author = Chen, Min title = The introduction of population migration to SEIAR for COVID-19 epidemic modelling with an efficient intervention strategy date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4222 sentences = 274 flesch = 53 summary = The proposed enhanced model, which will be referred to as the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model with population migration, is inspired by the role that asymptomatic infected individuals, as well as population movements can play a crucial role in spreading the virus. The experimental simulation results show the impact of social distancing and migration-in rates on reducing the total number of infections and the basic reproductions. Thus, in this paper, we incorporate asymptomatic infections and population migration into SEIR and introduce a new model, which will be referred to as the SEIAR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered) model with population migration. • By establishing a mathematical model of an infectious disease based on the characteristics of COVID-19 (such as the effect of asymptomatic infected patients in spreading the virus), the applicability of the modified model is proved. Currently, based on a simple mathematical model and limited data, Zhong et al., [7] used the epidemic data of in Wuhan (at the initial stage) to estimate the infection rate, mortality, and other parameters. cache = ./cache/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author = Harris, Carlyn title = An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4699 sentences = 282 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness? cache = ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289574-engwi8h3 author = An, Peng-jiao title = Biochemical indicators of coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbation and the clinical implications date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3188 sentences = 220 flesch = 39 summary = Accumulating evidence suggested that the progression of COVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and excessive inflammation, and a subset of severe cases might exhibit cytokine storm triggered by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Previously, it has been found that the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and IL-8) in SARS-CoV infected patients were higher than those in healthy individuals. Procalcitonin (PCT), released by bacterial infectious tissues under the irritation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is a more specific marker of serious bacterial infection compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 [111] PCT-based strategy has been applied to guide antibiotic use in ICU or emergency wards, since the serum PCT levels in patients with severe bacterial infections are much higher than those with simple viral infections or non-specific inflammatory diseases [111] [112] [113] . The definition and risks of Cytokine Release Syndrome-Like in 11 COVID-19-Infected Pneumonia critically ill patients: Disease Characteristics and Retrospective Analysis cache = ./cache/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author = Neuwirth, C. title = Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3867 sentences = 229 flesch = 52 summary = Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. 30 Specific objectives of this research are: 1) to investigate the effectiveness of contact 31 reduction policies with respect to intensity and duration and 2) to estimate the amount 32 of time to establish herd immunity by considering the national health care systems of 33 Austria and Sweden, which are very different in terms of critical care capabilities. If the use of 220 mitigation interventions is well balanced against capability limits, the time required to 221 establish herd immunity linearly scales with available capabilities of the health care 222 system (defined by the number of ICU beds in the simulation). cache = ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289575-2kxhav4q author = Kearsley, R. title = The COVID‐19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge? date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1413 sentences = 77 flesch = 52 summary = While we adapt our practice and learn how to best manage our COVID-19 patients, a second pandemic information overload has become our Achilles' heel. At times, guidelines from reputable organisations have also provided contrasting clinical opinions, such as the use of high-flow nasal oxygen in patients with COVID 19 [8] . The COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrating that we are utilising social media as one of our main sources for the dissemination of medical information [14] . Knowledge and debate surrounding personal protective equipment (PPE) has been one of the most prominent COVID-19 discussion points, due to the high risk of contagion via droplet spread [18, 19] , with frequent social media use [22] . We have witnessed an increase in public interest, awareness and knowledge of the role of the anaesthetist in healthcare due to this pandemic. Social media for rapid knowledge dissemination: early experience from the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289522-7u3d6nfc author = Ebrahimi, Mina title = COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2460 sentences = 161 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population This review compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) laboratory findings, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients from the general population versus medical staff to aid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more timely, efficient, and accurate way. Two reviewers separately extracted the data from included studies, considering key characteristics including author, publication year, country, type of study, sample size, laboratory findings, comorbidities, and final clinical outcomes. Further analysis revealed the frequency of clinical manifestations in infected medical staff were similar to patients in the general public (Table 3) . The findings of this COVID-19 meta-analysis review revealed that the normal or abnormal outcome of a patient's laboratory results may shed light on the stage of the disease and its progression. Laboratory findings, signs and symptoms, clinical outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 Infection: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289647-14ba5sro author = Panuganti, Bharat A. title = Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3219 sentences = 157 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. 5 As such, although significant correlations between Google searches pertaining to anosmia and COVID-19 incidence have already been reported, our intention in the present study is to better understand the relative value of alternative infodemiological parameters (nonsmell symptoms, COVID-19 searches and tweets) and platforms (Twitter) in estimating COVID-19 infection trajectory in the United States. Table SA in the online version of the article); data pertaining to March 22, 2020, and the 2 following days were excluded in 1 iteration of the analysis to help evaluate quantitatively the effect of discrete, lay media transmissions on Twitter and Google search trend correlations with COVID-19 incidence. cache = ./cache/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289655-umc2t7du author = Parohan, Mohammad title = Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1483 sentences = 107 flesch = 56 summary = title: Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to be higher in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings associated with different degrees of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 infection [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . Two reviewers (MP and AS) extracted the following data from the studies: author's name, publication year, study design, sample size, age and gender of patients, serum levels of AST, ALT, Albumin and Bilirubin and outcome assessment methods. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between serum levels of AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin with severity of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289684-rvbofsmb author = Fisher, Jennifer title = COVID-19 associated parotitis: A case report date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 70 flesch = 41 summary = We present a case report of a woman infected with COVID-19 and diagnosed with parotitis. The patient was prescribed a course of amoxicillin/clavulanate to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treat a possible concomitant bacterial parotitis and advised to apply warm compresses, massage the gland, use sialagogues to increase salivary flow and stay hydrated. Typically, viral parotitis is characterized by a prodrome of flu-like symptoms followed 2-4 days later by gradual swelling of the bilateral parotid glands, though unilateral involvement is seen in up to 25% of cases [6, 7] . Physical exam findings in suppurative parotitis include induration and tenderness of the parotid gland and purulent discharge from the duct orifice with massaging the gland [6, 7] . While we believe this was a viral-induced parotitis, given the unilateral presentation we treated her for possible bacterial co-infection. At the time we evaluated this patient there were no reports of COVID-19 associated parotitis. cache = ./cache/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289542-u86ujtur author = Razavian, Narges title = A validated, real-time prediction model for favorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8068 sentences = 379 flesch = 45 summary = Here, we use 3345 retrospective and 474 prospective hospitalizations to develop and validate a parsimonious model to identify patients with favorable outcomes within 96 h of a prediction, based on real-time lab values, vital signs, and oxygen support variables. In this article, we describe how a collaboration among data scientists, electronic health record (EHR) programmers (vendorand health system-based), clinical informaticians, frontline physicians, and clinical leadership led to the development, prospective validation, and implementation of a machine learning model for real-time prediction of favorable outcomes within a 96 h window among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our approach differs from prior work in that we: (1) predict favorable outcomes (as opposed to adverse outcomes), (2) use a large COVID-19 patient cohort admitted across our hospitals, (3) design a model that can easily be extended to other institutions, (4) prospectively validate performance, and (5) integrate our model in the EHR to provide a real-time clinical decision support tool. cache = ./cache/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289855-11pkt4uu author = Bhargava, Shashank title = Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID‐19: All hands on deck date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 347 sentences = 28 flesch = 58 summary = Healthcare providers should be recruited in critical care management depending upon their skill set and confidence level. They should receive training in simple procedures such as vascular access, straightforward intubations, proning maneuvers, and fluid management in uncomplicated patients in order to take off some of the pressure from ICU staff. As the focus shifts from containment efforts to disease mitigation, the healthcare community must step up as a whole to lend its expertise as never before. In a survey among Indian dermatologists, 57% of the respondents would consider redeployment in COVID-19 "hot zones" if a need to augment the medical workforce arises. Our patients need us to move out of our comfort zones and heed the clarion call for "all hands on deck" in order to defeat COVID-19. Strategic planning and recommendations for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Our thanks to all healthcare workers on the frontlines caring for our most vulnerable cache = ./cache/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289613-4ep4a3sn author = Zahra, Shaker A. title = International entrepreneurship in the post Covid world date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7106 sentences = 366 flesch = 41 summary = It will then discuss how these changes are likely to affect international new ventures (INVs), which could be independently owned or corporate sponsored, such as those created by MNEs (Cumming, Sapienza, Siegel, & Wright, 2009; Zahra, 2020) . Most important of these changes brought about by Covid to date are: damaging long standing institutions, reshaping the global supply chains, disrupting existing businesses and personal networks, and undermining the flow of knowledge, technology capital, ideas and people across international borders. The arrival of Covid, damage to international institutions, shifting ideologies and changing patterns of international operations have also disrupted international business networks, widely viewed as essential to innovation, learning, access to resources, international expansion, and opportunity recognition (Lorenz, Ramsey, & Richey, 2018; Pedersen, Soda, & Stea, 2019) . Finally, given the growing reliance on digital platforms around the globe, how do changes induced by Covid in institutions and platforms affect the innovativeness of INVs from emerging and developed markets? cache = ./cache/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289535-srrfr1es author = Tregoning, J. S. title = Vaccines for COVID‐19 date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14329 sentences = 793 flesch = 44 summary = One concern with vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 is that the immune response can cause disease, often in the act of clearing the infection. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated that DNA vaccines encoding the M, N, 3a or S proteins of the SARS-CoV-1 virus could elicit immune responses [180] [181] [182] . The S protein is the target of the only SARS-CoV-1 DNA vaccine to progress to Phase I clinical trial, delivered by bio-injector, and it was safe and induced neutralizing antibody responses [183] . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289763-jek2pd31 author = Fisher, Kimberly A. title = Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4704 sentences = 227 flesch = 44 summary = Data on participant characteristics were provided by NORC and included age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, household size, marital status, employment status, geographic location, urban or rural location (addresses within a metropolitan statistical area were categorized as urban), receipt of influenza vaccination in the prior year, and self-rated overall health status. After adjustment for differences in participant characteristics ( Table 3) , factors that were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (response of "no" or "not sure") include younger age (<60 years), Black race, educational attainment of less than a college degree, and not receiving an influenza vaccine in the prior year. We found several independent predictors of being hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19; the strongest were lower educational attainment, Black race, not having had a recent influenza vaccination, and perceived personal risk for coronavirus, consistent with the findings of a national survey conducted by RTI (20) . cache = ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289719-64ugdvfe author = Tenforde, Mark W. title = Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020 date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3166 sentences = 148 flesch = 46 summary = During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. To explore the spectrum of illness across health care settings and potential community SARS-CoV-2 exposures after issuance of national social distancing guidelines on March 16, 2020 (4), 11 academic medical centers in nine states conducted telephone-based surveys of a sample of patients with positive SARS-COV-2 test results during April 15-May 24, 2020 (testing dates = March 31-May 10, 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289917-2mxd7zxf author = Singh, Brijesh P. title = Modeling tempo of COVID‐19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2751 sentences = 154 flesch = 59 summary = A differential equation based simple model has been used to understand the pattern of COVID-19 in India and some states. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days. Therefore, on March There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. cache = ./cache/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289722-cc05jqb6 author = Bendtsen Cano, Oliva title = COVID-19 Modelling: the Effects of Social Distancing date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2511 sentences = 129 flesch = 60 summary = Day 55 is used for initiating social distancing since the simulations here showed 337 dead and 5486 sick consistent with reported numbers on 23 March 2020 when the United Kingdom initiated lockdown. In the case of perfect social distancing the mortality rate is only 0.04% (21474 dead) and the epidemic is resolved by day 90 with the number of people sick peaking on day 70. In the case of a more relaxed social distancing with R 0 = 0.50 the mortality rate is 0.13% (79781 dead) without having the epidemic resolved by day 250 and with the number of people sick peaking on day 71. Finally, if the social distancing is relaxed to R 0 = 0.75 we observe a much later peak in the number of people sick on day 112 and also a much larger mortality rate of 0.55% (330964 dead). cache = ./cache/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289760-tjqd1srq author = Prats-Uribe, A. title = Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2785 sentences = 166 flesch = 50 summary = title: Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data We aimed to study the association between ethnicity and risk of COVID-19 infection and disentangle any correlation with socioeconomic deprivation or previous comorbidity. Analyses: Multivariable Poisson analysis to estimate incidence rate ratios of COVID-19 infection according to ethnicity, adjusted for socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking, smoking, body mass index, age, sex, and comorbidity. Socioeconomic status (adjusted RR 1.93 (1.51-2.46) for the most deprived), obesity (adjusted RR 1.04 (1.02-1.05) per kg/m2) and comorbid hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and specific renal diseases were also associated with increased risk of COVID-19. We obtained data from the UK Biobank, a large UK cohort, to unravel the associations between ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Multivariable analysis showed that socioeconomic deprivation and comorbidity were independently associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289852-4uxb70rh author = Kassem, Dina H. title = Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Game Changer for the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6959 sentences = 342 flesch = 44 summary = Thus, harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ameliorate that cytokine-storm can indeed provide a golden key for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially severe cases. In fact, MSCs transplantation can improve the overall outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple mechanisms; first through their immunomodulatory effects which will help to regulate the infected patient inflammatory response, second via promoting tissue-repair and regeneration, and third through their antifibrotic effects. Similar studies are also warranted to compare the therapeutic benefit of a certain MSCs type, and its derived EVs. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and new perspectives of antimicrobial peptide-based therapies Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ILL COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289832-092dtzrd author = Villard, Orianne title = The Plasmatic Aldosterone and C-Reactive Protein Levels, and the Severity of Covid-19: The Dyhor-19 Study date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3943 sentences = 207 flesch = 42 summary = The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. In univariate analyses, aldosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at inclusion were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical course as compared to those with mild or moderate course (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, aldosterone levels were also gradually and significantly increased when we compared clinical status of patients in the three following categories: mild (OS ≤ 3), moderate (OS = 4) and severe (OS ≥ 5) on Day 2 and at OS max (analysis of variance, p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( Figure 2B) . In the present study, higher plasmatic aldosterone and CRP levels at inclusion are associated with severe clinical course of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients, and both parameters appear to be correlated. cache = ./cache/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289854-p8okfa4b author = Flores, Gabriel title = Spontaneous Brainstem Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Setting of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 – A Case Report date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1422 sentences = 90 flesch = 44 summary = In this report, we outline the clinical presentation of a 40-year-old male who developed severe coughing and sneezing before presenting to the emergency department with confusion, somnolence, and respiratory distress. On hospital day four, his neurological examination deteriorated to quadriparesis and only cough and gag reflexes remaining intact after which his family opted for comfort measures only. Since initial reports in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Our patient is a 40-year-old male with past medical history of obesity, hypertension, and type two diabetes mellitus who developed severe coughing and sneezing before presenting to the emergency department with confusion, somnolence, and respiratory distress. Severe cough was reported to cause cerebral hemorrhage in patients with whooping cough as early as 1885 [8] . Increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage adds to the complexity of management of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289890-sf2uxubd author = Rushworth, S. A. title = Performance and health economic evaluation of the Mount Sinai COVID-19 serological assay identifies modification of thresholding as necessary to maximise specificity of the assay date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3954 sentences = 195 flesch = 52 summary = We evaluated the FDA approved SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (developed at Mount Sinai, by Krammer and colleagues) for the identification of COVID-19 seroconversion and potential cross-reactivity of the assay in a United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) hospital setting. In summary, we report that the Mount Sinai IgG ELISA assay is highly sensitive test for SARS-Cov-2 infection, however modification of thresholding was required to minimise false positive results. Figure 2A shows that 42/47 samples from this group were established as negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the first RBD screening test step, and 5/47 required confirmatory assessment with the second dilution assay. On testing of the control group, 70/72 patient samples were identified as being negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody following the RBD step of the assay using the 5 SD threshold. To conclude, here we report that the Mount Sinai IgG ELISA assay is highly sensitive and apparent cost-effective test for SARS-Cov-2 infection in a UK NHS acute hospital laboratory setting. cache = ./cache/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289825-9hpegqlh author = Lazarus, Gilbert title = Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1064 sentences = 59 flesch = 37 summary = title: Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic This article aims to deliver authors' perspectives and recommendations on the role of Indonesian medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Students' movement as volunteers during this time can be seen as important experiences which need to be reflected upon hence the lessons will have positive impacts on their professional development and professional identity formation [12] . It is also recommended for current medical curriculum to provide rooms for such learning processes that discuss students' current roles during pandemic, ethical reasoning of most appropriate venues to volunteer considering patient and student safety and their competencies, and well-being issues [14] . Guidebook for volunteer medical students fighting the COVID-19 pandemic The role of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic A bold response to the COVID-19 pandemic: medical students, national service, and public health cache = ./cache/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289588-n61gz7pi author = Samudrala, Pavan Kumar title = Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3898 sentences = 253 flesch = 56 summary = Literature reported a significant mutation in receptor binding sites and membrane proteins of the previous SARS-CoV to turned as SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for most dreadful pandemic COVID-19. As far as safety is a major concern, 424 Gilead Sciences announced phase III clinical trial of remdesivir to prove its safety and 425 efficacy in COVID-19 infection (Keown, 16 .03.2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and 687 diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early 688 outbreak period: a scoping review First known person-to-784 person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 785 the USA Clinical 803 features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An 817 Severe acute respiratory 845 syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The 846 epidemic and the challenges Unique epidemiological and clinical features 949 of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control 950 measures cache = ./cache/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289859-b1k9uyp6 author = Hodges, Kevin title = Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1055 sentences = 63 flesch = 38 summary = title: Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device Patients with durable left ventricular assist devices pose special problems for management in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. We describe the successful management of a 44‐year‐old man with severe COVID‐19 infection and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device. Patients with durable left ventricular devices (LVADs) pose special problems for management in the setting of COVID-19 infection. [1] [2] [3] We present the case of a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy supported by durable LVAD who developed severe COVID-19 infection with acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by coagulopathy. Management of COVID-19 infection in the context of durable LVAD support requires careful institutional planning and a multidisciplinary approach. Successful management of COVID-19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device cache = ./cache/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290001-603qy8ml author = Pimentel, Lígia L. title = Cholesterol, inflammation, and phospholipids: COVID-19 share traits with cardiovascular disease date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1836 sentences = 92 flesch = 44 summary = COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome produced by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted to date in more than 27 million infected cases and 900000 deaths worldwide since the first reported cases in December 2019 at the Chinese city of Wuhan (for updated information readers can consult https://covid19.who.int/). Moreover, total counts of white blood cells (WBC) were significantly higher in patients in critical condition [1] and those with severe respiratory failure showed macrophage activation syndrome [4], confirmed by the presence of monocyte recruiting chemokines in bronchoalveolar fluid [2] . Furthermore, plasma lipidomic analyses have revealed a close relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and circulating lipids: a combination of larger levels of atherogenic diglycerides (DG 16:0/20:2/20:0) and triglycerides (TG 14:0/22:1/22:3), alterations of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system with decreased concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) [7] and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) [8] . Thus, it was observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects that anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL IgG) profile (>15 U/mL) was associated to disease severity (i.e.respiratory distress) while those patients have not a previous record history of thrombosis [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289921-2x6011gr author = Aldarhami, Abdu title = Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing “Staying-at-Home” During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4090 sentences = 197 flesch = 51 summary = OBJECTIVE: Social distancing measures, such as stay-at-home, are currently implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the awareness and practices of the Saudi population in relation to social distancing (stay-at-home). A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to evaluate the overall awareness and adherence of the Saudi population to social distancing to control the spread of COVID-19. 7 Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the knowledge and practices of the population in KSA in relation to staying at home as a preventive measure for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses indicated a high level of awareness among the Saudi population, with the majority of the participants (94%) expressing the view that everyone should practice social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289905-dvl2pud2 author = Gan, Rosemary title = COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4355 sentences = 215 flesch = 33 summary = Appreciating the clear differences between SARS and COVID-19 in presentation, poor prognostic indicators related to individuals' co-morbid status, and biochemical and radiologic profiles, a novel disease model may assist in: 1) the early recognition of atypical (non-respiratory) presentations of disease; 2) early prophylactic treatment intervention for individuals at risk of severe and critical disease which could take place 6 in the community; 3) revised management of pulmonary complications including those related to prone posturing and ventilation protocols; 4) allowing better utilisation of data collated at a global level in the absence of an evidence-based disease model at this time; 5) identification of different markers of disease progression in at-risk individuals. An upregulation of ACE2 expressing cells related to chronic ATII elevation [18] or treatment with ACEinhibitors [19] , may increase the infective potential of SARS-CoV-2 in this group as a consequence of the duality of ACE2 functioning as both a receptor for viral entry to cells and as an enzyme. cache = ./cache/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290053-2i0lqs12 author = Wang, Weiping title = Radiotherapy after the easing of public restrictions during COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1326 sentences = 92 flesch = 46 summary = Two hospitals in Wuhan reported that all new admitted patients are receiving COVID-19 screening, including blood test, chest CT, and nucleic acid test, before radiotherapy [2, 3] . In most hospitals, including our institute, COVID-19 nucleic acid test screening was not conducted for patients without fever and other symptoms suspicious of COVID-19 [4] [5] [6] . Compared with the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been more consensus statements or recommendations to conduct radiotherapy. With these consensus statements or recommendations, radiation oncologists could conduct radiotherapy more appropriately during the COVID-19 outbreak. After the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been some reports on experiences or guidance on radiotherapy workflow and protection procedures for infection control zoning, area disinfection, personal protective equipment, staff rotation, COVID-19 screening, and emergence plans, among other measures [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Our institute restarted necessary face-to-face meetings for discussions of patients' diseases and treatment from 11 May, 25 days after the last new confirmed COVID-19 case in Beijing. cache = ./cache/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290040-29mmwi6z author = Mcloughlin, B. C. title = Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2148 sentences = 145 flesch = 48 summary = Delirium is closely linked with adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, increased length of stay, long-term cognitive and functional decline, and risk of institutionalisation [2, 3] . We set out to describe the point-prevalence of delirium in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, and quantify its association with mortality and cognitive and physical impairments at four weeks. We conducted a point prevalence study at University College Hospital of every inpatient (including critical care) with a diagnosis of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20115188 doi: medRxiv preprint measured using a composite of the Barthel Index and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scores [11] [12] [13] For secondary outcomes, we treated TICS-m and Barthel+NEADL scores as continuous and compared these in people with and without delirium using linear regression, adjusted by age, sex and Clinical Frailty Scale score (as a . In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, delirium was found to be prevalent -but often undetected -and was associated with poor functional outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290000-4ko413xm author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Editorial: Herd mentality, herds of migrants/people, and COVID-19 in India date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 617 sentences = 43 flesch = 56 summary = At this time, even apex scientific research agency of India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), hurriedly issued guideline for prophylaxis of COVID-19, thus clearing use of HCQ in high risk contacts [1] . This 'herd mentality' of taking HCQ as 'prophylactic drug' was seen far and wide amongst physician community as well, although most of them were not in contact with any COVID-19 patient. In India, messages to obviate such 'herd mentality' (blindly following untrusted advice regarding prophylaxis and treatment) and 'herd behavior' (e.g. joining celebrities, preachers etc., in religious and social events) has be strongly communicated to all segment of society, including physicians. A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries cache = ./cache/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289873-6hivjqof author = Lu, Rui title = Patients with mild and general COVID-19 should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharged date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1693 sentences = 80 flesch = 51 summary = The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests of these patients was 21 days. Thus, we suggested that the patient should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharge, and the test time should be no earlier than the 23rd day since the onset of the disease. According to the latest COVID-19 clinical diagnosis and treatment guideline [3] , patients who meet the following four criteria can be discharged: (1) the body temperature has returned to normal for more than 3 days; (2) the respiratory symptoms have improved significantly; (3) the pulmonary imaging examination shows that the acute exudative lesions have improved significantly, (4) two consecutive negative nucleic acid test for respiratory specimens such as sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs (sampling interval at least 24 hours). The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in 845 patients with COVID-19 was 21 days (range: 1-56 days). cache = ./cache/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290085-gsma97ja author = Satici, Begum title = Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3968 sentences = 240 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73 years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing will be serially mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. Therefore, in the present study, the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, fear of COVID-19, and mental wellbeing were investigated. The findings indicated that rumination and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. Overall, in the present study, it was shown with a nationwide participant sample that the inability to tolerate uncertainty in the current pandemic might provoke fear of COVID-19 via rumination, and consequently impacting negatively on psychological wellbeing. cache = ./cache/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290041-zxlq63n5 author = Srivastava, Arnav title = Delaying Surgery for Clinical T1b-T2bN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Implications in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2992 sentences = 184 flesch = 50 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively abstracted cT1b-T2bN0M0 RCC patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), stratifying them by clinical stage and time from diagnosis to surgery. 1 These delayed surgeries include many potentially curative urologic oncologic surgeries 2, 3 , such as partial and radical nephrectomies for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which remain the preferred curative treatment for localized kidney cancer. Our retrospective analysis using the NCDB is the largest study to date to examine the risks of surgical delay on up-staging and OS in cT1b-T2b RCC. 16 Additionally, our grouping points of <1 month, 1-3 months, >3 months were selected based on prior literature and our clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic where local institutions delayed most kidney cancer cases by 1-3 months. In most patients with clinically localized cT1b tumors, surgery may be safely delayed for up to 6 months without significant sacrifices in overall survival. Impact of Time-To-Surgery and Surgical Delay on Oncologic Outcomes for Renal Cell Carcinoma cache = ./cache/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290116-ytpofa7b author = Sujath, R. title = A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 211 flesch = 59 summary = Figure 5 shows the COVID-19 predicted confirmed cases; death cases and recovered cases based on actual confirmed, death and recovered data with a 95% CI with LR.The graph can be interpreted that cases are going to be increased in future as per the existing case data. Figure 9 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI via LR. Figure 10 predicts the impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 12 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 death based on the actual data of death cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 14 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 recovered based on the actual data of recovered cases with 95% CI with MLP. cache = ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289904-u3et3we5 author = Martinez, G.S. title = Protect the vulnerable from extreme heat during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2355 sentences = 103 flesch = 46 summary = These plans, generically known as Heat-health Action Plans (WHO, 2008) , typically comprise a series of interventions, including heat warning systems, advice and information on keeping safe from heat, specific outreach and care for vulnerable population groups, surveillance of heat-related mortality and illnesses, and local interventions to reduce heat exposure through cooling centers and cool recreational areas. The physical distancing measures and common space use restrictions set in place by most countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may hamper the implementation of those core heat-health prevention activities and aggravate the population's vulnerability to extreme temperatures this summer. With the coming of high summer temperatures, it is vital that these systems are not entirely devoted to COVID-19 activity and still have the bandwidth to detect health impacts related to heat waves in order to ensure an adequate and timely response. cache = ./cache/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290256-mkfg7nar author = Ren, Zhigang title = A Randomized, Open‐label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID‐19, A Pilot Study date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4625 sentences = 232 flesch = 55 summary = Patients meeting the following criteria were enrolled in the study: 1) age 18 and over, regardless of gender; 2) respiratory or blood samples that were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or respiratory or blood samples that were tested highly homologous with the known SARS-CoV-2 by viral gene sequencing; 3) the confimation of COVID-19 according to the diagnostic criteria of "the latest Clinical guidelines for novel coronavirus" issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 28, 2020, and the diagnostic criteria from the "Diagnosis and treatment program trial version 5 (or 6) guidelines" issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. According to the Diagnosis and treatment program trial version 5 guidelines, the criteria for release and discharge were as follows: body temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days, respiratory symptoms showing obvious improvement, pulmonary imaging showing that the inflammation was obviously absorbed, and negative respiratory pathogenic nucleic acid testing for two consecutive assessments (with a sampling interval of at least 1 day). cache = ./cache/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290295-gl144dh9 author = Martínez-López, Joaquín title = Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4086 sentences = 186 flesch = 36 summary = Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. There are cumulative data indicating that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 and associated complications, including those receiving or not receiving treatment within the month prior to infection 5, 6 , although other recent results suggest mortality may be primarily associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities 7 . To our knowledge, this is the first large case-series study to describe comprehensively the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized MM patients, compare outcomes with a noncancer cohort of COVID-19 patients, and identify preadmission prognostic factors of inpatient mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289907-wzctqkd7 author = Elimian, K. O. title = Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5013 sentences = 240 flesch = 51 summary = A descriptive analysis of the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes of the first 32 COVID-19 patients admitted to Mainland Hospital in Lagos State, Nigeria, found that two-thirds of patients were male, and the mean age was 38.1 years [7] . Through NCDC's surveillance and laboratory network as well as coordination of state PHEOCs, epidemiological information on COVID-19 cases are captured into a real-time networked platform called Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS). During the study period, 36 states plus FCT had reported confirmed COVID-19 cases; all states were actively monitoring for cases through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system (IDSR) system [9] . Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 was done by Residential setting c Residential setting of each person tested for COVID-19 was based on the population size and administrative/ legal criteria for the reporting Local Government Areas (LGA) as recorded by field staff, in line with common classification of urban and rural classification in Nigeria [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290325-vozu14wg author = O’Brien, Ciara M. title = Collateral damage: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute abdominal emergency presentations date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2364 sentences = 126 flesch = 50 summary = This information has important public-health implications, highlighting the need to educate patients to continue to present to hospital services during such crises, including if a purported second wave of COVID-19 arises. In this observational study, we first wished to quantify changes in the overall volume of CT scans performed for all causes of acute abdominal presentations from the emergency department (ED), following the pandemic announcement. We sought to determine differences in the types of presenting illnesses, the severity of illness, and in the rate of resultant surgical intervention during the pandemic to better understand patterns of care seeking under COVID. We carried out a retrospective, observational cohort study comparing two groups of patients attending the ED at our tertiary-care academic hospital, during two equivalent time intervals, 1 year apart (Table 1) The reports were initially categorized as either "no abnormality found" or as having a cause identified for their presenting symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290309-6i82ieim author = Zini, Gina title = Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 65 flesch = 41 summary = In patients with COIVD-19, in the early aggravation phase before treatment, observation of peripheral blood film shows the presence of pronounced morhological anomalies of the granulocyte series. cases, the disease progresses, through subsequent phases, from an upper respiratory tract infection with local and general flu-like symptoms to a viral pneumonia and hyperinflammatory host reaction, which leads to acute respiratory distress and multi-organ failure. After microscope observation of peripheral blood films from the first 40 cases at admission, when antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment was not yet administered, we have noted the presence of marked morphological abnormalities of the neutrophil lineage. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290195-8uaai9nv author = Stebbing, Justin title = Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence‐predicted testing in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6584 sentences = 326 flesch = 46 summary = Furthermore, baricitinib treatment resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) from baseline in plasma IL-6 at week 12 in patients with active RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate from a phase 2b (Tanaka, Emoto et al., 2016) , randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study (Fig. 1B) . As shown in Figure 3A , all four patients showed improvement with baricitinib treatment in signs and symptoms such as cough, fever, and reduction in plasma IL-6 levels, along with a reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load, as detected by the real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) signal from the nasopharyngeal carriage. Therefore, the impact of baricitinib on the subsequent development of protective humoral and cell-mediated anti-viral immunity in COVID-19 patients must be evaluated in randomized clinical trials (Ottoviani & Stebbing, 2020) . The finding that baricitinib is a potent AAK1/BIKE/GAK inhibitor that may reduce host cell infectivity, along with reaffirmation of its anti-cytokine profile, provide reasons to study this intervention in randomized clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author = Stachowska, Ewa title = Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5115 sentences = 241 flesch = 40 summary = Consequently, due to lack of specific COVID-19 data, the recommendations in our review are based on viral and bacterial pneumonia studies, as well as recommendations made for critically ill patients. Nutritional treatment for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (especially in case of respiratory and multiorgan failure) [22] is a key element of comprehensive treatment aimed to reduce the mortality. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) criteria for increased risk for aspiration are: inability to protect the airway, mechanical ventilation, age > 70 years, reduced level of consciousness, poor oral care, inadequate nurse: patient ratio, supine positioning, neurologic deficits, gastroesophageal reflux, transport out of the ICU, and use of bolus intermittent EN. Poor nutritional status is a prognostic factor for mortality in severe pneumonia and critical illness, especially for elderly patients. ESPEN and ASPEN guidelines for nutritional support in critical illness are applicable for COVID-19 patients requiring ICU support. cache = ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289919-iqa5pxda author = Deng, Shichang title = Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6547 sentences = 357 flesch = 51 summary = Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. We suggest that after the COVID-19 pandemic is effectively controlled, people are highly likely to engage in a variety of consumption activities precisely because shopping is a complex stimulus that can relieve consumers' boredom state (Sundström et al., 2019) and satisfy their sensation-seeking needs (Punj, 2011; Deng and Gao, 2015) . Study 1 aims to use the questionnaire modeling method to test H1 and H2 (i.e., whether perceived severity of COVID-19 increased ones' post-pandemic consumption willingness through the mediating roles of boredom from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions). cache = ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290123-scd9u8ix author = Mustafa, Mujahed I. title = Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3551 sentences = 202 flesch = 47 summary = title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors In this review, we will focus on cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the body organs, and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors. However, novel coronavirus still gains entry into humans by targeting ACE2 receptor that is found on lung cells, which destroy human lungs through cytokine storms, and this leads to hyperinflammation, forcing the immune cells to destroy healthy cells, which could be the reason behind COVID-19 patients' frequent intensive care admission [28] . This review deals with cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the organs, and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors. COVID-19 triggers cytokine storm in many stages of its pathological course that causes lung fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and eventually leads to multiorgan failure [34, 54, 61] . cache = ./cache/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290209-gkx57lyq author = Losurdo, Pasquale title = Impact of lockdown for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on surgical site infection rates: a monocentric observational cohort study date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4094 sentences = 207 flesch = 45 summary = At multivariate analysis, the measures to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 spread (OR 0.368; p 0.05) were independently associated with the reduction for total, superficial and deep SSIs. Moreover, the presence of drains (OR 4.99; p 0.009) and a Type III–IV of SWC (OR 1.8; p 0.001) demonstrated a worse effect regarding the primary endpoint. The presence of a drain and a contaminated or dirty type of surgery (according to SWC) could increase the overall rate of SSIs, but the presence of a drain did not demonstrate an increased risk of superficial and/or deep SSIs. On the other hand, protection with surgical masks for both patient and surgeon during the post-operative period in the surgical unit and the absence of visitors, dramatically reduced superficial and deep SSIs. These two simple precautions emerged as independently associated with the reduction of both superficial and deep SSIs. Quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing SSI rates are often hindered by limited or even conflicting evidence for proposed interventions to reduce SSI [33] . Surgery and the postoperative management of surgical wound carries a non-negligible risk of SSIs. In this study, we provided important insights into the superficial and deep surgical site infection risk assessment for patients who underwent surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290297-efo9f7c5 author = Vaillancourt, Mylene title = The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1354 sentences = 72 flesch = 37 summary = In recent studies on COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with worse outcomes and death despite antimicrobial therapies. In the past, the intensive use of antibiotics during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pandemic led to increases in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. T he outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the greatest pandemic of our generation, with 16 million people infected and 650,000 deaths worldwide so far (1) . In a multicenter study that included 476 COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with outcome severity (2) . During the first SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003, up to 30% of patients were diagnosed with secondary bacterial infections and coinfection was positively associated with disease severity (5, 6) . Increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition rate and change in pathogen pattern associated with an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290392-kpjp0sx4 author = Li, Xu title = Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2550 sentences = 178 flesch = 48 summary = In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), broke out in Wuhan, China [1] [2] [3] . COVID-19 was of clustering onset and mainly affected the respiratory system with some patients rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); other organ functions were less involved [5, 6] . In addition, the lung compliance was relatively high in some COVID-19-related ARDS patients, which was inconsistent with the severity of hypoxemia. A previous study reported that more than 50% of patients with moderate and severe ARDS according to the Berlin definition did not show diffuse alveolar damage [17] . Currently published studies did not report the proportion of different respiratory support according to COVID-19-related ARDS classification. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290057-tj97q2py author = Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title = Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 620 sentences = 45 flesch = 49 summary = title: Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients The global impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on vascular surgical services has been 9 initially addressed by Ng et al 1 . 5 6 Table I and II summarize four cases presenting with acute critical limb ischemia (ACLI) in 7 patients testing COVID-19 (+) with no previous vascular consultations or symptoms. An arterial thrombotic event presented in two COVID-19 11 patients who were asymptomatic despite testing positive for the disease. Blood testing 12 demonstrated a high inflammatory response in all of these patients (D-dimer, CRP) that was 13 significantly higher in those who were hospitalized with active and severe pneumonia. These 23 underdiagnoses could also be related to the aforementioned lack of PPE that currently affects the 1 entire healthcare system. The Global Impact of COVID-17 19 on Vascular Surgical Services cache = ./cache/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290267-ke696q8j author = Fang, Huilin title = Impact of comorbidities on clinical prognosis in 1280 patients with different types of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4880 sentences = 284 flesch = 52 summary = In this study, we included patients with COVID-19, divided them into ordinary, severe, and critical types according to the clinical manifestations at admission, and aimed to assess the impact of comorbidities on prognosis in patients with three different types of COVID-19, and to provide reference for the treatment of these patients. According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Seventh Edition) issued by the National Health Commission, all patients were divided into ordinary, severe, and critical types based on their clinical manifestations at admission. These results indicated that comorbidities can significantly affect the clinical course (length of hospital stay, time from onset to discharge) of ordinary patients, reduce the cure rate, and increase mortality rate of critical patients. In terms of clinical symptoms, ordinary patients without hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease had a significantly higher proportion of fever compared with patients who had those comorbidities (p<0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290341-ei768v4s author = Anstey, D. Edmund title = The cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac Intensivist during the COVID-19 surge in New York City() date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4209 sentences = 228 flesch = 44 summary = Herein we discuss the evolving role of the cardiac intensivist and changes to the CICU in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations based on our own experiences at NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center. There are several domains across which innovation may occur including the physical layout of the CICU, the timing of laboratory and diagnostic studies, medication administration, clinical monitoring, and the management of cardiac arrests. Timing of Lab Testing and Diagnostic Studies: As typical of critically ill patients, patients in an intensive care setting with COVID-19 will require frequent testing as part of their clinical assessment and management. The cardiac intensivist and staff also serve as a consultative resource throughout the hospital to other clinicians given the clinical expertise of the CICU in the management of critically ill patients with cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290429-0d34abdo author = Elengoe, Asita title = COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1332 sentences = 105 flesch = 61 summary = The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of the world. They reported that the virus had 96.3% genetic similarity with a Yunnan bat coronavirus RaTG13 and 70% homology with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [2] . On the 12 th January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the cause of this epidemic outbreak was a novel coronavirus discovered in 2019 (2019-nCoV) or SARS-CoV-2 and named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [3] . Coronavirus COVID-19 cases spiked across Asia after a mass gathering in Malaysia. The origin, transmission, and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -An update on the status Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention, and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review cache = ./cache/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290419-angcz55b author = Tran, Bach Xuan title = Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-Being and Quality of Life of the Vietnamese During the National Social Distancing date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4606 sentences = 205 flesch = 51 summary = A cross-sectional study using a web-based approach was conducted in the second week of April 2020 to examine the influence of the national social distancing on the quality of life and economic well-being of Vietnamese citizens under COVID-19 pandemic. This study targets to provide empirical evidence about the influence of this national social distancing on quality of life and household income of Vietnamese citizens avid COVID-19, with the ultimate goal to inform the policymakers to take appropriate and timely actions for controlling the disease while ensuring both health and socioeconomic wellbeing of the general population. Our study featured a high rate of household income loss as well as impairment on some quality of life domains among the general population in Vietnam due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, this study depicted a high rate of household income loss as well as impairment on some quality of life domains among the general population in Vietnam due to the impact of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author = Lord, Heidi title = Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2982 sentences = 148 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses' willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. This prospective cross-sectional study design to explore ICU nurses' willingness to provide nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. Information collected in the questionnaire included: (1) demographic data (age, gender, employment status, and length of time worked as a registered nurse and in the ICU, (2) willingness to work in ICU during the pandemic (1 item) (3) knowledge about COVID-19 (4 items), (4) communication from managers about COVID-19 (2 items), (5) preparedness of the ICU (2 items) and (6) personal concerns about COVID-19 (1 item). Only scores for knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, communication from managers, preparedness of the ICU and personal concerns scores were included in a standard multiple linear regression analysis to determine the predictors of willingness to provide nursing care. cache = ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290471-xg9d4dex author = Coleman, Brian C title = Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 166 flesch = 35 summary = Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) is currently supporting 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems to evaluate nonpharmacological approaches and integrated pain care models to manage pain and important comorbidities [12] . The rapidly evolving pandemic brought heightened focus of frequent PMC Work Group discussions, which unearthed both immediate and longer-term issues related to effects of the pandemic on the management of chronic pain and our ability to test and deliver integrated care solutions to individuals in at-risk military and veteran populations. cache = ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290458-5fwbh9t9 author = Lal, Preet title = The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3715 sentences = 182 flesch = 54 summary = Rising global death tolls combined with the high infectivity of the virus, mild clinical symptoms, an uncertain incubation period, lack of pre-existing human immunity, and the possibility of asymptomatic healthy carriers (Bouey, 2020) led to the WHO declaring COVID-19 a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)" on 30 th January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020a) . Projected near-surface air temperature, and relative humidity (RH) datasets acquired from CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 and were used to estimate the possible impacts of COVID-19 on different countries under future meteorological conditions. The future projections of absolute humidity based on the CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 were used to deduce the possible contribution of meteorological conditions to COVID-19 spread following January-March 2020 variations in AH and Bukhari and Jameel, (2020) concepts of virus transmission at the different threshold of AH. cache = ./cache/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290314-ldv9hsv1 author = Cortis, Dominic title = On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1551 sentences = 87 flesch = 59 summary = The higher rate of mortality of COVID-19 in elderly individuals has been discussed in many reports. National Office statistics tend to group age distribution in three cohorts: less than 15 years old (youths), 15 to 64 years old (working population), and above 65 years old (elderly). The distribution of expected cases based on standard population statistics is compared to the same distribution for observed COVID-19 cases together with the old age dependency ratio (OADR) being the ratio of elderly to working population for each study. The proportion of COVID-19 confirmed cases for youths is lower in China (1.55%, 0.89%) than South Korea (4.04%) as individuals with mild symptoms would have not been tested as in South Korea. Age distributions can also partially explain why some countries such as Turkey have a low COVID-19 mortality rate despite the high number of cases. cache = ./cache/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author = Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title = Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4102 sentences = 241 flesch = 51 summary = [16] e aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with emergency endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of preoperative patients' screening, surgical techniques, and intraoperative PPE utilization. e survey consisted of 12 questions designed to explore three domains; patients' information (age, clinical manifestations [neurological and COVID-19 related], diagnosis, preoperative COVID-19 screening, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), surgical team information (age, chronic medical conditions, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), and operative information (PPE utilization and basal craniectomy). ere was only one surgeon who developed a high-grade fever, malaise, and bony aches in the first 3 days after surgery who had undergone two nasopharyngeal swabs with RT-PCR testing 1 week apart and both came back negative representing 2.1% of the surgical team members [ Figure 2c ]. cache = ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290500-v2n8godx author = Cardinali, Daniel P. title = Elderly as a High-risk Group during COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Circadian Misalignment, Sleep Dysregulation and Melatonin Administration date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 183 flesch = 39 summary = It involves adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of a chronobiotic medication like melatonin, which affects the output phase of circadian rhythms thus controlling the biological clock. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, several factors, including higher stress due to social isolation, diminished melatonin levels with age, and higher exposure of individuals to light at night which reduces melatonin levels and disrupts circadian rhythmicity must be considered. The decrease in circulating melatonin levels has been advocated as responsible for these changes [30, 33] Concerning immune regulation, the main age-related variations in immune system activity consist of a decline in T helper (Th) 1 and T regulatory (T reg) cell counts [34] in association with an increase in Th17 cell number [35] . Chronotherapy is designed to restore the proper circadian pattern of the sleep-wake cycle in the elderly, through adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of a chronobiotic medication like melatonin, that affects the output phase of circadian rhythms thus controlling the clock (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290490-u3mkfvxw author = Armstrong-James, Darius title = Confronting and mitigating the risk of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2294 sentences = 103 flesch = 37 summary = Cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are being increasingly reported and physicians treating patients with COVID-19-related lung disease need to actively consider these fungal co-infections. Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) presents a known risk to critically unwell patients with influenza (12) (13) (14) and the clinical course of COVID-19 shows many features that are shared with severe influenza infection. Although the host risk factors and clinical characteristics of CAPA are not yet understood, those individuals fulfilling the criteria for proven or probable aspergillosis (13, 14) should then be treated according to current guidelines (31, 32) . Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication of critically ill H1N1 patients: a retrospective study A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients Beta-Dglucan detection as a diagnostic test for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised critically ill patients with symptoms of respiratory infection: an autopsy-based study Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19 in the ICU -A case report cache = ./cache/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290372-vv47wnqk author = Zhang, Yufang title = Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2144 sentences = 138 flesch = 46 summary = title: Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to September, 2020, to identify studies that compared the prevalence of at least one specific digestive symptom between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients or between non-survivors and survivors. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate the association between different digestive symptoms and the severity and mortality of patients infected with COVID-19. We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify clinical studies using search terms "coronavirus disease-19", "coronavirus disease 2019", "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "novel corona virus", "novel coronavirus", "new coronavirus", "nCoV-2019", "novel coronavirus pneumonia", "2019 novel coronavirus", "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "SARS-CoV-2", "clinical characteristic", "clinical feature", "risk factor", "prognosis", "nausea", "vomiting", "diarrhea", "digestive symptom", and "gastrointestinal symptom". Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies cache = ./cache/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290551-a02tueuu author = Singh, Shailendra title = Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2708 sentences = 157 flesch = 54 summary = title: Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. We performed a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX (Cambridge, MA, USA), a global federated health research network that provided access to electronic medical records of patients from multiple large member healthcare organizations (HCOs) in United States. Our study using a large nationally representative database showed that COVID-19 patients with any degree of obesity had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization and intubation or death compared to patients without obesity. An analysis of a larger group of selected patients using diagnostic criteria of obesity as any time before the index event (after PSM n=9769) showed a higher risk for composite outcomes in the obesity group ( J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cache = ./cache/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290428-zrlqzbss author = de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne title = Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6419 sentences = 348 flesch = 45 summary = Since to date there is no vaccine or evidence-based treatment for COVID-19, the optimization of nutrient intake through well-balanced meals and the use of good hygiene practices in food selection, preparation, and conservation is probably the most effective approach for managing the continuous risk of viral infection. There is no evidence that COVID-19 is spread through eating or touching raw fruits or vegetables; Prior to consumption, fresh fruits and vegetables should be washed or scrubbed under cold, running, potable tap water; While there are no special precautions for storing food, handwashing after putting away purchased food and before preparing food is recommended; Hands should be washed before and after food containers are washed EUFIC (2020) 19 Appropriate intakes of copper, folate, iron, selenium, zinc, and vitamins A, B 6 , B 12 , C, and D play an important role in the immune system; In general, these nutrients should be obtained through foods Supplements can be used to add nutrients to the diet in individuals who have specific challenges in meeting dietary requirements cache = ./cache/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290592-c9bsielo author = Wang, Rui title = The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4955 sentences = 233 flesch = 43 summary = Methods We report the rationale and design of a planned pragmatic, cluster randomized, double-blinded trial (N = 2700 in total nationwide), with 1500 newly diagnosed individuals with COVID-19 infection, together with up to one close household contact each (~1200 contacts), randomized to either vitamin D3 (loading dose, then 3200 IU/day) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio and a household cluster design. The household cluster design provides a cost-efficient approach to testing an intervention for reducing rates of hospitalization and/or mortality in newly diagnosed cases and preventing infection among their close household contacts. The Vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial is a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of Vitamin D3 supplementation with 3200 IU/d daily for 4 weeks to reduce disease severity in persons with newly diagnosed COVID-19 infection and to prevent infection in their closest household members. cache = ./cache/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290523-pqah68j8 author = Waite, Roberta title = Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1038 sentences = 61 flesch = 59 summary = These communities have struggled with limited access to healthcare services and insufficient primary care providers, long standing unemployment, a dearth of businesses in the community, chronic illnesses, and a panoply of health risks and stressors that contribute to the pronounced lifespan gap between white and black Chicago residents (Pratt, 2020) The panel consists of not only the usual business leaders and healthcare experts, but a representative from NAMI and community advocates such as Mr. Anton Seals Jr., whose words are quoted at the beginning of this piece. We hope the work of the panel and these other models will be used as best practice guides to change the economic maps and social injustices that foster these health disparities still, especially for the black and brown racialized populations in this country. The new normal they can create should include better distribution of resources, such as clean water, more primary care providers, telehealth and telecounseling services, to people who need them…wherever they live. cache = ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290590-cmmkfokm author = Lee, Se Yoon title = Estimation of COVID-19 spread curves integrating global data and borrowing information date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7004 sentences = 520 flesch = 65 summary = Scientists are working on estimating or predicting infection trajectory for the COVID-19 confirmed cases, which will be useful for future planning and policymaking to effectively cope with the disease. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates global data to estimate COVID-19 infection trajectories. The novelties of our method are as follows: we (i) use a flexible hierarchical growth curve model to global COVID-19 data, (ii) integrate information from multiple countries for estimation and prediction purposes, (iii) adjust for country-specific covariates, and (iv) perform covariate selection to identify the important reasons to explain the differences among the country-wise infection trajectories. In this context, each of the curve parameters can be interpreted as follows: θ 1 is the maximum cumulative number of infected cases across the times; θ 2 is the growth rate of the trajectory at the inflection time point; cache = ./cache/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290611-fhaguv3f author = Ghio, Stefano title = Cardiac involvement at presentation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their outcome in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3755 sentences = 158 flesch = 44 summary = Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence has shown that patients with confirmed COVID-19 may present elevated blood levels of high-sensitivity TnI (hs-TnI) during hospital stay, which might reflect ischemic cardiovascular complications or acute myocarditis [1] [2] [3] . The main finding is that, in this cohort, in-hospital mortality was associated with older age, respiratory failure and elevated plasma levels of hs-TnI whereas cardiovascular comorbidities were not an independent risk factor at multivariable analysis. However, when age and respiratory failure at hospital admission were analyzed together with cardiac involvement in a multivariable analysis, only older age, a P/F ratio < 200 and elevated hs-TnI plasma levels were significant predictor of death and of the combined outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290619-e4h47fo4 author = Castiglioni, Massimo title = SURGICAL RESECTIONS OF SUPERINFECTED PNEUMATOCELES IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 883 sentences = 56 flesch = 44 summary = ABSTRACT Emerging studies on radiological findings in COVID-19 patients report a high incidence of bilateral lung involvement, with GGOs imaging being the most common pattern on CT. We report a case of a COVID-19 patient successfully treated by lung resections for infected pneumatoceles. In some patients, pneumatoceles may occur due to damage to the alveolar walls caused by either the infection or lung ventilation [3, 4] . Emerging reports on radiological findings in patients with COVID-19 have documented high incidence of bilateral lung involvement, with GGOs being the most common pattern on chest CT [1, 3] . Although there are no widely accepted therapeutic algorithms for the management of complicated pneumatoceles, some authors advocate early percutaneous drainage as a first-line strategy; on failure of this approach surgical resection should be considered [5] . This report describes a COVID-19 patient who was successfully treated by urgent surgery for two infected pneumatoceles causing acute respiratory failure and sepsis that was non-responsive to antibiotics. cache = ./cache/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290636-x8cevt8d author = Ruiz-Quinonez, J. A. title = Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1535 sentences = 145 flesch = 59 summary = title: Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics, and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico. Conclusions: Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes compared with individuals from other countries. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20199117 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 This was an observational retrospective study performed at the High Specialty 86 Regional Hospital "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús" (HJGC) in Villahermosa, Tabasco, 87 Mexico. Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized 296 Patients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series doi: medRxiv preprint (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies 301 from 9 countries cache = ./cache/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290522-icjt8bbw author = Sablerolles, Roos S G title = COvid MEdicaTion (COMET) study: protocol for a cohort study date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2379 sentences = 127 flesch = 45 summary = Various theories about drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are circulating in both mainstream media and medical literature. Various theories about drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are circulating in both mainstream media and medical literature. 8 The fact that patients with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes have an increased mortality risk due to SARS-CoV-2-induced infection could be explained by the common factor of use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. 9 10 This was suggested by several authors and also reached the mainstream media including CNN. Therefore, the COMET study aims to evaluate the relationship between use of certain drugs, starting with ACE inhibitors and ARBs, on clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290731-xp7pgbkd author = Balmforth, D. title = Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Midst of a Pandemic: Operative outcomes and maintaining a COVID-19-free environment. date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1686 sentences = 100 flesch = 52 summary = A comprehensive protocol was implemented to maintain a COVID-19 free environment including the pre-operative screening of all patients, the use of full personal protective equipment in areas with aerosol generating procedures, and separate treatment pathways for patients with and without the virus Results A total of 156 patients underwent major cardiac and thoracic surgery over the study period. Conclusion Our early experience demonstrates that it is possible to perform major cardiac and thoracic surgery with low operative mortality and zero development of post-operative COVID-19 infection. In 113 addition to the routine collection of pre-operative demographics, data was collected on the 114 results of COVID-19 screening tests both pre-and post-operatively, as well as patient 115 outcomes including in-hospital mortality and discharge destination. Patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery followed tailored pathways aimed at 120 maintaining a COVID-free environment in dedicated intensive therapy units (ITU) and 121 wards. cache = ./cache/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290653-48swl1aq author = Teng, Margaret title = Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2772 sentences = 129 flesch = 44 summary = Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. AGA/DHPA propose to resume elective endoscopic procedures when Inpatient urgent cases are done on a case-to-case basis; Outpatient elective non-urgent cases are reviewed by physician in charge -proceed with cases with suspected significant or time-specific diagnosis, reschedule all other cases; Direct access endoscopy is suspended; Prior to endoscopy: Pre-screen patients for history of fever or upper respiratory tract symptoms (cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea), significant contact and travel history, or if they have been issued a home quarantine order or stay home notice; This includes patients who have family members or close contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case, and patients with recent travel to high risk countries in the past 14 d. cache = ./cache/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290712-flj352ql author = Bi, Jianping title = Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1345 sentences = 90 flesch = 49 summary = title: Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? Those studies mainly addressed whether chemotherapy could predict for hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. To address this knowledge gap, this study's findings suggest that administering chemotherapy to this population is associated with a very low short-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. Third, the duration of follow-up in this study was relatively short and it may take a longer period of time to determine immune-related alterations caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, when conservatively interpreted, our study indicates no overt short-term increase in the risk for SARS-CoV-2 reactivation following immunosuppressive chemotherapy in this uniquely vulnerable population. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that recovered COVID-19 cancer patients remain negative in the short-term for SARS-CoV-2 after delivery of chemotherapy. cache = ./cache/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290677-3gdcyrrz author = De Virgiliis, Francesco title = Lung innervation in the eye of a cytokine storm: neuroimmune interactions and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6108 sentences = 278 flesch = 34 summary = In line with these findings, virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in humans seems to be mediated by the vagus nerve 53 , raising the possibility that the dyspnoea and respiratory failure observed in patients with severe COVID-19 is exacerbated by neuroimmune crosstalk in the lungs. A plausible hypothesis is that these NAMs act in concert with neuronal cells to control inflammation, and that malfunctioning of this system in older or immunocompromised people could contribute to the cytokine storm and ARDS in patients with severe COVID-19 or other respiratory virus infections. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, specific tissueresident macrophages that are involved in modulating inflammation following viral infection are in close contact with vagal fibres innervating the lungs, and this 'neuroimmune synapse' could be one of the keys to controlling aberrant inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290740-vt4txzfx author = Zhang, H. title = Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 618 sentences = 54 flesch = 57 summary = title: Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (SARS-CoV-2) on March 2020 1 . At present the epidemic situation of COVID-19 is relieving and under gradual resumption of work, we aim to share our experiences in this unique position and hope to help pancreatic First, we carried out an architecture reconstruction to the ward. Fourth, both the department and hospital provide various forms of psychological counselling since job burnout, mild anxiety and depression are commonly seen in those who have participated in the first-line against COVID-19 as well as the medical staff who have just returned to work. From the resumption of work (6 th April) to the manuscript drafting (29 th May) the department had finished 107 surgeries. cache = ./cache/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290694-jmav8xi4 author = Bridgland, Victoria M. E. title = Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1102 sentences = 68 flesch = 57 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic does not fit into prevailing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) models, or diagnostic criteria, yet emerging research shows traumatic stress symptoms as a result of this ongoing global stressor. Nevertheless, among a sample of online participants (N = 1,040) in five western countries, we found participants had PTSD-like symptoms for events that had not happened and when participants had been directly (e.g., contact with virus) or indirectly exposed to COVID-19 (e.g., via media). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5 (22)), adapted to measure pre/peri/post-145 traumatic reactions, and measures of general emotional reactions, well-being, psychosocial 146 functioning, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We then re-presented the 209 same list of events, but asked participants to select events they were concerned about 210 happening in the future ("other" events led to three additional categories [seven responses The PTSD Checklist (PCL-5 (22)). cache = ./cache/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290594-dvco042c author = Sofia, Soccorsa title = Thoracic ultrasound and SARS-COVID-19: a pictorial essay date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1624 sentences = 84 flesch = 44 summary = One of the main limitations of thoracic ultrasound is that it cannot be used to examine the deep fields of the lung due to air interface and artifacts, but the physiopathology of COVID-19 disease provides for a predominant involvement of the pulmonary periphery [5, 6] , thus favoring the application of the method. The main ultrasound finding in COVID-19 pneumonia is that of an acute interstitial disease, which is represented by vertical hyperechoic artifacts that depart from the pleural line directed in depth. Indeed, the presence of some B lines spread over several scans seems to be an early finding of COVID-19, even in mildly symptomatic subjects; in the most serious cases such as those that are pre-ARDS or ARDS, the B lines end up filling the ultrasound image almost completely, until they Initially, those ultrasound findings were related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema, in which the B lines are present bilaterally, with a base-apex gradient and with progressive involvement depending on the severity of the disease [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290766-aoyvdyra author = Brancalion, Pedro H.S. title = Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2463 sentences = 110 flesch = 38 summary = The importance of tropical forest conservation has gained new contours with the COVID-19 outbreak, as tropical deforestation increases the risks of emerging zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential (Allen et al., 2017; Rulli et al., 2017; Rohr et al., 2019) . We used this analysis as a starting point for presenting a broader conceptual framework linking tropical deforestation and the current pandemic, including multiple positive and negative feedback loops with overarching consequences for nature and human wellbeing, in the expectation that this framework could be further employed for a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of zoonotic diseases on the environment, and vice-versa. This analysis provides evidence that signs of immediate increase of tropical deforestation are showing up at the global level following national and international policies aimed at minimizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human health. cache = ./cache/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290771-18dj37dj author = Tzeng, Ching-Wei D. title = Cancer Surgery Scheduling During and After the COVID-19 First Wave: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4865 sentences = 225 flesch = 37 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Cancer surgeons should continue to use their oncologic knowledge to determine the window of opportunity for each surgical procedure, based on tumor biology, preoperative treatment sequencing, and response to systemic therapy, to safely guide patients through this cautious recovery phase. Total surgical case volume by week during early COVID-19 response, in which MD Anderson Cancer Center implemented goals to create a ''moat'' around hospitalized patients, to reduce workforce and visitor traffic, and to limit ''elective'' cases. Because the Department of Surgical Oncology and MD Anderson Cancer Center have traditionally favored neoadjuvant therapy for many solid tumors, we strategically initiated or continued this treatment sequencing when possible to postpone surgery to beyond the late April peak of COVID-19 incidence in the Houston area. cache = ./cache/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290832-zmj59rc3 author = Recinella, Guerino title = Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a monocentric study date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2985 sentences = 169 flesch = 44 summary = AIMS: To assess the role of nutritional status as an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital death in elderly patients. At univariate analysis, age (HR 1.045 [CI 1.008–1.082]), cognitive impairment (HR 1.949 [CI 1.045–3.364]), C-reactive protein (HR 1.004 [CI 1.011–1.078]), lactate dehydrogenases (HR 1.003 [CI 1.001–1.004]) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 8.571 [CI 1.096–67.031]) were risk factors for in-hospital death, while albumin (HR 0.809 [CI 0.822–0.964]), PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (HR 0.996 [CI 0.993–0.999]) and body mass index (HR 0.875 [CI 0.782–0.979]) were protective factors. The main result of our study is that impaired nutritional status, assessed by the GNRI, together with the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future larger and multicentric studies are needed to validate our results on the prognostic value of GNRI in predicting in-hospital death and to further explore the role of other nutritional parameters in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290814-j3sp3dq9 author = Song, Jehun title = Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1918 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = title: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The higher susceptibility of RA patients to infections could be explained by several endogenous and exogenous risk factors, including (1) the dysregulation of the immune system by the disease itself, (2) presence of immunocompromising comorbidities, and/or (3) immunosuppressive medications such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) [3] . The C-reactive protein levels were slightly elevated ( Table 1, HD 3) , and chest X-ray showed the haziness on the right lower lung area (Fig. 1b) , suggesting the development of COVID-19 pneumonia. Previous reports demonstrated that the steroid treatment was related with higher mortality of patients with a viral infection such as influenza pneumonia [12] and that steroid use was associated with delayed coronavirus RNA clearance of both Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [13] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290820-28ggcjx0 author = Lim, Michael Anthonius title = Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2311 sentences = 123 flesch = 40 summary = With the resumption of normal life during COVID-19 taking effect immediately, guidelines for outdoor exercise, recreational activities, and returning to competitive sports must be enacted with caution. To help delay and mitigate COVID-19 spread, staying at home is still encouraged and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends daily physical activity for both children (60 min/day) and adults (30 min/day). During the self-isolation period, the majority of people grew accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity, fewer daily step counts, and rarely exercise, while athletes and certain people train individually to keep themselves fit and healthy [11] . Assuming a reduction in strength, flexibility, endurance, proprioceptive, and neuromuscular control, there is a greater risk of injury faced by athletes when transitioning from an unprecedented lockdown to high-level sports-specific practice. Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19 -systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression cache = ./cache/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290815-08rafcek author = McMaster, David title = COVID‐19: opportunities for professional development and disruptive innovation date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 896 sentences = 50 flesch = 35 summary = Despite these challenges, we believe that the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is generating opportunities for both professional development and innovation in medical education. This unplanned interruption offers a unique opportunity for professional development, which may otherwise be missed, with the chance to consolidate learning, reflect on personal career plans and engage in academic research. During the COVID-19 pandemic there will be barriers to engaging in laboratory-and hospital-based research; however, there is great value in performing systematic reviews of the literature and in taking part in qualitative research projects that may be conducted remotely, all of which will improve skills and strengthen applications to future training posts. Students at Harvard Medical School have already created a rapidly updating COVID-19 curriculum, with the latest research and developments, that is benefiting many clinicians. there are opportunities to strengthen engagement by involving students in the planning and execution of learning resources cache = ./cache/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290863-f0wpsaip author = Tenforde, Mark W. title = Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2969 sentences = 146 flesch = 51 summary = During April 15-June 25, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at an outpatient visit at one of 14 U.S. academic health care systems in 13 states. During April 15-June 25, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at an outpatient visit at one of 14 U.S. academic health care systems in 13 states. At 14-21 days from the test date, CDC personnel interviewed the randomly sampled patients or their proxies by telephone to obtain self-reported baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and underlying health information, including the presence of chronic medical conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290947-5ewpvo4j author = Carda, Stefano title = The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician's view date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1545 sentences = 85 flesch = 43 summary = The Chinese Center for Disease Control recently published data on 44,672 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (1) , showing that 88% of patients were < 70 years old, with an overall mortality rate of 2%, but 19% of cases needed hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). The proportion of patients with COVID-19-related disability will be rapidly growing, and a prompt response from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) specialists is crucial to reduce disability and help re-establish and optimize the function of the acute hospital setting. The most common forms are 1) mild: no dyspnea, no low blood oxygen saturation (SatO2); 2) moderate: dyspnea, SatO2 94% to 98%, radiological signs of pneumonia; 3) severe: dyspnea, SatO2 ≤ 93%, respiratory rate (RR) >30/min, radiological progression of lesions, with O2 supplementation required, eventually with non-invasive ventilation; and 4) critical: patients need mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290895-tb0xald0 author = Indu, Purushothaman title = Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2632 sentences = 155 flesch = 53 summary = title: Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach Virtual screening was performed to find out the lead antiviral drug molecules against main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) using COVID-19 Docking Server. RESULTS: Out of 65 FDA approved small molecule antiviral drugs screened, Raltegravir showed highest interaction energy value of -9 kcal/mol against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 and Indinavir, Tipranavir, and Pibrentasvir exhibited a binding energy value of ≥ -8 kcal/mol. In this study, FDA J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f approved small molecule antiviral drugs were screened against protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 using a computational based approach. In our study, other screened antiviral drugs such as Indinavir, Tipranavir, and Pibrentasvir showed dock energy value more than -8 kcal/mol and these drugs might also serve as an inhibitors of Mpro target of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290921-dozqofrm author = Tan, Limin title = Choice behavior of commuters' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 749 sentences = 48 flesch = 57 summary = title: Choice behavior of commuters' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model To understand whether commuters will take rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic, a logistic regression model was constructed from three aspects of personal attributes, travel attributes and perception of COVID-19 based on 559 valid questionnaires. The results show that: occupation, commuting tools before the COVID-19 pandemic, walking time from residence to the nearest subway station, the possibility of being infected in private car and the possibility of being infected in public transport have significant influence on the commuters' choice of rail transit. The confidence in bus/subway/taxi/taxi-hailing of commuters who do not choose to commute by rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic is not high. (2) Travel attributes: distance from residence to workplace, walking time from residence to the nearest 159 subway station, times of transfers required to get to workplace by rail transit, and commuting tools 160 before the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290950-v28kilvn author = Peyrony, Olivier title = Surfaces and equipment contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Emergency Department at a university hospital date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3158 sentences = 168 flesch = 57 summary = METHODS: We performed multiple samples from different sites in ED patients care and non-patient care areas with sterile premoistened swabs and used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that surfaces and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak is low and concerns exclusively patients' examination and monitoring rooms, preserving non-patient care areas. In this study, we aimed to assess the surface and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 of an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak depending on patient care and non-patient care areas. In our study, a sample was considered positive if either both ORF1a/b and E genes were Also, we did not detect any presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the different surfaces of the patients' registration desk or COVID-19 patients' waiting room. cache = ./cache/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290841-lo84h1yf author = Lim, Rodrick title = Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 420 sentences = 25 flesch = 49 summary = key: cord-290841-lo84h1yf title: Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic cord_uid: lo84h1yf The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique mental stressors for emergency physicians (EPs). In light of the literature on the mental health of EPs during the severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic, the wellbeing of EPs during this prolonged COVID-19 pandemic is of major concern, as they are at significant risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health complaints. [1] [2] [3] [4] EPs pre-pandemic experienced chronic stress, perceived lack of control, inefficiency, and moral distress, which were all leading to burnout. We propose that three important themes during the subacute phase are important to identify to support EP mental health: uncertainty, lack of control, and discord. To support EPs' mental health during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, we propose the following action items: The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290955-m2igkcxv author = Asli, Rosmonaliza title = Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1388 sentences = 90 flesch = 49 summary = title: Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine We report the case of a 60-year-old woman without any cardiac history who developed right bundle brunch block and critically prolonged corrected electrocardiographic QT interval (QTc 631 ms) after treatment for 3 days with HCQ, which resolved on discontinuation of the medication. 1 Currently, there is no proven effective treatment, and medications proposed to inhibit the virus life cycle such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and remdesivir are used off label. An electrocardiograph (ECG) on hospital day 4 (before initiation of HCQ) was normal, with a corrected QT interval (QTc) of 397 ms. On the seventh day of hospitalization, repeat ECG before the morning dose of HCQ showed a new right bundle branch block (RBBB) and critically prolonged QTc (631 ms) ( Figure 2 ). Lopinavir/ritonavir is also associated with the prolongation of QTc, but the ECG after starting this medication was normal. cache = ./cache/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290938-v7giuq53 author = Ochoa-Callejero, L. title = Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3189 sentences = 227 flesch = 54 summary = title: Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients Background: To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Results: CGRP levels greatly decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.001) when compared to controls, and there were no significant differences due to disease severity, sex, age, or comorbidities. When separated by disease severity, the three COVID-19 groups displayed significantly lower levels of CGRP when compared to healthy controls, but there were no significant differences among disease groups (Fig. 1A) . This result may explain the higher expression of RAMP1 that was found in COVID-19 lung samples using multiplex gene expression analysis 6 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290856-6de0mwg0 author = Abbo, Aharon (Ronnie) title = Technological Developments and Strategic Management for Overcoming the COVID-19 Challenge within the Hospital Setting in Israel date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4152 sentences = 188 flesch = 40 summary = A second key component of this challenge was the overwhelming surge in patient burden and the relative lack of trained staff and medical equipment which required rapid re-organization of large systems and augmenting health care efficiencies to unprecedented levels. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, such as non-contact sensing of patients' vital signs, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical big picture at the hospital or national level using a strategic management system. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical strategic big picture that could help confront the next wave or any upcoming health crisis. The C 4 I™ system is a command and control tactical system integrating computing, communication, and intelligence information (for health care applications this applies for patient sensors), developed for military use by Elbit Systems. cache = ./cache/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290939-tqi0v1w8 author = Boon, Ian S. title = Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 488 sentences = 40 flesch = 51 summary = title: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns Madam -COVID-19 is a global pandemic [1] and poses a significant challenge to cancer patients. Conversely, the COVID-19 case fatality rates must be interpreted with caution with regards to the lag time effect [2] . Oncologist will have to recognise the uncertainty in quantifying the risks of COVID-19 to cancer patients. [3] suggested the postponement of cancer treatments but an alternative approach is to stratify treatment modalities according to treatment intent, effectiveness and individualised risk benefit assessment with careful discussion with patients [4] . No clinical protocols can replace the clinical acumen of oncologists in recommending treatment decisions to patients. First they are patients, then they have cancer and third they can contract COVID-19 during cancer treatments. Clinical guide for the management of cancer patients during the coronavirus pandemic RCR position on coronavirus (COVID-19) for clinical oncology cache = ./cache/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290642-vlyingsf author = Kwon, S. title = Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5474 sentences = 273 flesch = 50 summary = We examined the association of community-level social distancing measures and individual masking with risk of predicted COVID-19 in a large prospective U.S. cohort study of 198,077 participants. Here, we conducted a prospective study in the U.S using a smartphone-based application that collected self-reported, individual-level information on COVID-19 like symptoms, masking and other personal risk factors, in combination with community-level social distancing measures to investigate the relative effectiveness of social distancing and masking policies with the risk of COVID-19. In this prospective study of 198,077 participants using a real-time mobile phone application in U.S., we observed that individuals living in communities with the greatest social distancing had a 31% lower risk of predicted COVID-19 compared with those living in communities with poor social distancing, with maximum benefit evident after a latency period of 14 days. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 doi: medRxiv preprint community with greater social distancing and risk of predicted COVID-19 was most consistently observed among younger individuals without significant health problems or limitations in mobility. cache = ./cache/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290836-jldfrec9 author = Laosa, Olga title = Rapid assessment at hospital admission of mortality risk from COVID-19: the role of functional status date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1857 sentences = 120 flesch = 55 summary = Objective To evaluate the role of functional status along with other used clinical factors on the occurrence of death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Estimated model coefficients served to calculate the expected probability of death for a selected combination of five variables: Barthel, sex, age, comorbidities and severity index (qSOFA). Evidence is even smaller regarding the joint 47 Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in patients hospitalized with COVID50 19, the role of limitations in activities of daily living along with other habitual clinical 51 factors on death during hospitalization, building a predictive model. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290960-0kdv91j0 author = Rojas-Marte, G title = Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case–controlled study date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2778 sentences = 184 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, case–control, single-center study in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. CONCLUSION: Our study showed a non-statistically significant lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received tocilizumab. 9, 10 Studies have reported that patients with severe COVID-19 disease have experienced rapid resolution of fever and improvement in oxygenation after treatment with tocilizumab. No clinical study has reported the use of tocilizumab among hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection in the USA. A control group of 97 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 disease who had not received tocilizumab was included. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 96 patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received a single dose of the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab as part of their treatment. Our study showed a non-significant trend toward lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. cache = ./cache/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290975-2kmvyovm author = Martinotti, Giovanni title = Psychopathological Burden and Quality of Life in Substance Users During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Italy date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4250 sentences = 195 flesch = 41 summary = In this paper, we aim at evaluating the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relative containment measures, have had on a real-life sample of patients suffering from substance use disorders (SUDs) and/or behavioral addictions. Within the general population, problems such as feelings of frustration, aggressive behavior (2) , post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived stress, and adjustment disorder symptoms (ADS) have increased (3) , with the consequent risk of self-medication through the abuse of alcohol and/or psychoactive substances and with a greater tendency to engage in pathological behaviors (gambling and internet addiction). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relative containment measures adopted by the Italian Government, had on patients with SUDs and/or behavioral addictions; to assess the psychopathological burden in terms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic load; and to evaluate the relevance of craving symptoms and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms and quality of life. cache = ./cache/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291023-vltxefr7 author = Murt, Ahmet title = Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation? date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 499 sentences = 38 flesch = 59 summary = Suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients should ideally be dialysed in a separate isolation room [1] . When an isolation room cannot be established, these patients may be placed in the last shift or sent to a COVID-19 designated dialysis facility. The following are the generally accepted criteria to discharge patients from COVID wards: • being afebrile for at least three consecutive days • having two negative respiratory SARS-CoV2 PCR tests done 24 hours apart • having improved respiratory symptoms with absorbed inflammation in imaging studies. Should this patient be accepted to a standard facility as the PCR tests are negative? In summary, we suggest that nephrologists should continue hemodialysis in an isolation room even if the patient is discharged. The decision to end the isolation should be given with an additional PCR test which is done 1 month after the patient was confirmed to have COVID-19. PCR assays turned positive in 25 discharged COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290995-ok6lsh9m author = Zhou, Xiang title = COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 72 flesch = 52 summary = title: COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan The Chinese colleagues from Wuhan reported for the first time the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which caused severe acute respiratory syndrome [1] . The plasma cell neoplasm multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy in adults, which is characterized by secondary immune dysfunction and usually causes infectious complications, especially of the respiratory tract [2] [3] [4] . recently reported the experience from Belgium in this Journal (published on 23 June 2020), which also demonstrated a high mortality of 35% caused by COVID-19 infection in MM patients, and patients with immigration background especially North-Africans showed the worst survival outcome. Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy cache = ./cache/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291025-u5z8zji3 author = Karami, Parisa title = Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2872 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = title: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings According to the data, several clinical outcomes such as sepsis, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, coagulopathy, acute cardiac injury, and acute kidney injury are significantly (all P-values < 0.0001) higher in non-survivor patients compared to survivors. To our knowledge, this case is the first maternal death reported for pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 so far. An early study has evaluated the outcome of nine pregnant patients with COVID-19 without any specific underlying diagnosed diseases (all gestational ages ≥36 weeks). Another study evaluated 13 pregnant patients (two cases < and 11 cases≥ 28 week of gestation) diagnosed with COVID-19. This case with the mentioned clinical, imaging, and laboratory data was the first report of COVID-19 pregnancy mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291032-l813q689 author = Shupler, M. title = COVID-19 Lockdown in a Kenyan Informal Settlement: Impacts on Household Energy and Food Security date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4667 sentences = 254 flesch = 54 summary = These results indicate the livelihoods of urban Kenyan families were deleteriously affected by COVID-19 lockdown, with a likely rise in household air pollution from community-level increases in polluting fuel use. [8] [9] [10] To combat the adverse health, environmental and social effects of reliance on polluting fuels and associated HAP exposures, 11, 12 several African countries (e.g. Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon), have set aspirational targets for rapid market expansion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. This timely pre-post study documented an extremely high proportion (88%; n=180) of households experiencing food insecurity due to income decline/cessation during the COVID-19 lockdown in a Kenyan urban informal settlement ( Table 3) . Elevated HAP exposures among the study population may offset potential health benefits from the decrease in ambient air pollution levels during COVID-19 lockdown ( Figure 3 ), 39 which were documented in studies conducted in high-income countries. cache = ./cache/cord-291032-l813q689.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291032-l813q689.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291038-n8bk541m author = Bhala, Neeraj title = Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1675 sentences = 92 flesch = 46 summary = 13, 16, 21 Ethnic/racial minorities exposed in crowded places and becoming seriously ill might be infected from multiple sources and a comparatively large infectious dose of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), which could be relevant in health and social care workers. 11, 13 Health-care disparities are also likely to have a role in the high burden of COVID-19 among ethnic/racial minorities-eg, in the USA, Black or African American minorities and Hispanic groups are less likely to have health insurance, with consequent reduced healthcare access and use. Moreover, the heterogeneity of ethnic/racial minority groups, whether African, Caribbean, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi in the UK), Chinese, or other ethnicities, have diverse risk factor profiles, which might be important for COVID-19 outcomes. Ethnic/racial disparities in the health outcomes of people with COVID-19 need to be studied alongside age, sex, gender, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities in disaggregated public health data. cache = ./cache/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291037-19csqq89 author = Janssen, Rob title = Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2200 sentences = 118 flesch = 41 summary = title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity A genetic polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, VKORC1 -1639A, is particularly prevalent in East Asia and associates with low vitamin K recycling rates. A genetic polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, VKORC1 -1639A, is particularly prevalent in East Asia and associates with low vitamin K recycling rates. We speculate that the disparity in morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 between East and West may be at least partially explained by differences in the allele distribution of a VKORC1 polymorphism determining the rate of vitamin K recycling. If the VKORC1 -1639A allele is shown to be associated with decreased thrombotic complications and/or death, it would further support the hypothesis that vitamin K metabolism is an important determinant of Covid-19-related disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291144-6p40cqvk author = Strom, Mark A. title = Reticular skin eruption as the initial sign of coronavirus disease 2019 infection date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1076 sentences = 63 flesch = 37 summary = INTRODUCTION Several recent reports have described clinically significant coagulopathy associated with a spectrum of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Here we describe a patient whose initial sign of COVID-19 infection was a reticular skin eruption, portending the discovery of hypercoagulability and development of severe disease. In fact, one pathologic study of 5 COVID-19 patients, 3 of whom had cutaneous signs of systemic hypercoagulability including retiform purpura and livedo racemosa, found a potential role for complement-associated microvascular injury. 7 It is notable that our patient's skin findings preceded other symptoms of COVID-19 and may have heralded the development of coagulopathy. Reticular skin findings are increasingly described in patients with COVID-19, although they appear less frequently than other cutaneous manifestations. A recent report from the United States found transient livedo reticularis pattern in 2 patients recovering from COVID-19 who were asymptomatic at the time. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases cache = ./cache/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291016-c83fs5ih author = Gori, Tommaso title = Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1623 sentences = 71 flesch = 42 summary = Furthermore, the new, emergency-driven changes to hospital logistics conflict with important principles of treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes: patients with an undefined contact history or ambiguous symptoms are often approached as potential Sars-Cov-2 positive at the time of their medical contact. It is now of paramount importance that communication media inform the population that most large centers have restructured their admission protocols to provide a rapid and Covid-secure care of patients with acute coronary syndromes while still addressing the diagnosis of Sars-CoV-2 infection. International experts and the European Society of Cardiology "strongly recommend that physicians and patients should continue treatment with their usual anti-hypertensive therapy", given the lack of clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensinreceptor blockers might favor the spread or the severity of Sars-CoV-2 infection [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290952-tbsccwgx author = Ullah, Saif title = Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6464 sentences = 357 flesch = 51 summary = In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. cache = ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291146-f3e5ynhu author = Sarangarajan, Rangaprasad title = Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4321 sentences = 212 flesch = 35 summary = The specificity of hypertension and cardiovascular disease as underlying causes for severity of COVID-19 infection, the inherent role of ACE-mediated generation of Ang-II and downstream signalling to potentially exacerbate inflammation and organ damage along with genotypic impact on ACE status provide compelling support of the use of ACE-I and ARBs in the clinical management of patient with positive diagnosis of COVID-19. The significant genetic, scientific and clinical data supporting a potential role for increased ACE levels and associated Ang-II effect in target organs provides compelling argument for use of ACE-I and ARBs in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 infections to improve outcomes. In summary, this study describes the biological relevance of genetic polymorphism of ACE deletion with higher prevalence in certain ethnic populations including African Americans in context of COVID-19 infection and rationale for the use of ACE-I/ARBs for therapeutic management of severity of morbidity and improving outcomes associated with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291018-5j4nt2qs author = Foddai, Alessandro title = Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 972 sentences = 55 flesch = 53 summary = title: Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health This editorial discusses the possibilities of practicing One Health, by using methods from animal health to enhance surveillance for COVID-19 to provide an evidence base fort decision-making in communities and countries. However, once the infection becomes established and individual clusters are no longer traced, the usefulness of syndromic or risk-based surveillance data to guide control decisions at community level is reduced, because the cases identified are not representative of the infected individuals in the population. We strongly encourage the use of robust science for decision-making to ensure evidence-based decisions and to minimise the impacts of the epidemic, and suggest that randomized surveys that generate representative community estimates could provide additional support for policy decisions, in addition to the current surveillance strategies. Base protocol for real time active random surveillance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) -adapting veterinary methodology to public health. cache = ./cache/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291188-ddw6ir08 author = Kip, K. E. title = Temporal Changes in Clinical Practice with COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Potential Explanations for Better In-Hospital Outcomes date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3452 sentences = 210 flesch = 46 summary = Our observed practice pattern of more frequent use of steroids is also consistent with a recently published (September 2, 2020) meta-analysis of six trials involving random assignment of different steroids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone) compared to placebo, and approximately 30% lower risk of 28-day mortality among patients treated with steroids. An obvious question that arises from the present analysis is to what extent did the recent changes in clinical practice (e.g. greater use and earlier initiation of steroids and anticoagulants) lead to overall lower rates of mechanical ventilation and hospital mortality, as well shorter length of hospital stay? Recently treated hospitalized COVID-19 patients in our large health care system have overall lower rates of mechanical ventilation/in-hospital mortality and shorter length of hospital stay compared to earlier intervals. cache = ./cache/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290987-644d1i1n author = Mostafa, Mohamed K. title = The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6523 sentences = 361 flesch = 54 summary = title: The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators A case study of Egypt Using Egypt as a case study, this paper presents the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels by studying nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), particulate matter represented in absorbing aerosol index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper presents the Egyptian COVID-19 story from its different angles including the development of confirmed COVID-19 cases, containment measures from the government, the impact on the country's economy and the national energy consumption so as to effectively evaluate the effect on both the air pollution levels and the other studied environmental indicators. Putting 650 into consideration that it is expected to have post-crisis rebound in the environmental emissions, it has to 651 be noted that the positive impacts of COVID-19 on the environment in Egypt is not sustainable and 652 actions must be taken by officials in Egypt to control water air pollution while keeping a balance between 653 economic growth and protecting the environment. cache = ./cache/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291168-4u4cssky author = Martin-Villares, Cristina title = Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3217 sentences = 215 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: A multicentric prospective observational study of 1890 COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy across 120 hospitals was conducted over 7 weeks in Spain (March 28 to May 15, 2020). The group has performed a national multicentric prospective observational study on 1890 COVID-19 critical patients undergoing tracheostomy in a total of 120 hospitals in Spain. On early March, 2020, at a very critical moment of the pandemic in Spain and without published data yet from initial experiences in China or Italy, Spanish otolaryngologists began their first tracheostomies in Madrid (March, 11) and Barcelona (March, 16) , with the onrush of more than a thousand patients in their respective overcrowded ICUs, which doubled its current capacity. Between March 28 and May 15, the Spanish COVID Group, encompassing 120 hospitals, performed 1890 tracheostomies, the equivalent of 16.4% of all registered ICU patients with mechanical ventilation in Spain. cache = ./cache/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291150-u9v7gp37 author = Zhang, Xiao title = Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 481 sentences = 39 flesch = 53 summary = title: Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 Patients with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 should be invited to postpone the radiopharmaceutical imaging and treatment. For the medical staffs who inject the radiopharmaceuticals to the patients with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19, safety goggles or face shield, isolation gown, disposable latex gloves, and shoe covers are needed. In Wuhan, the center of the epidemic area, particular attention is paid to avoid the exposure to coronavirus in the Department of Nuclear Medicine. In our department, patients are required to perform chest CT and RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, to exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 before radiopharmaceutical imaging. Expert consensus on the safety prevention and control of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment during the outbreak of COVID-19 COVID-19): Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) or Persons Under Investigation for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291176-evb6yt0r author = Giorgi Rossi, Paolo title = Characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of COVID-19 patients in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Italy date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4559 sentences = 213 flesch = 46 summary = In this report, based on the cohort of all residents in the province of Reggio Emilia who were SARS-CoV-2-positive at nasal and pharyngeal swab and with symptoms (COVID-19 cases) since the inception of the epidemic, we describe patient characteristics and explore their role as putative prognostic factors in predicting the occurrence of hospital admission or death. We considered the following patient characteristics: age, sex, place of birth (Italy or abroad), time span (in days) from symptom onset to diagnosis/ hospitalization, and comorbidities, whose prognostic role was explored both singly (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arrhythmia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, vascular diseases, obesity) and by computing the Charlson Comorbidity Index, which provides an overall measure of an individual patient's complexity [12] . While in this study we focused on the risk of hospitalization and death in a cohort of COVID-19 patients diagnosed during the epidemic in Northern Italy, it also provided us with the opportunity to describe the pattern of distribution of the disease in the whole population. cache = ./cache/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291187-8mbvmw0u author = Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro title = The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4014 sentences = 245 flesch = 50 summary = This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivity. Then, this study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess game. This research aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players, based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess game. cache = ./cache/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291265-qmylxndp author = Moravvej, Zahra title = COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1219 sentences = 84 flesch = 50 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran 7 Here, we address the prevention strategies employed against COVID-19 according to assessments of infection control experts and ophthalmologists, in Amiralmomenin Hospital a tertiary referral eye hospital in Guilan, Iran. To avoid redundant visits to the hospital, patients who were managed in an outpatient setting were contacted via phone by eye-care professionals at appropriate intervals. Environmental surfaces frequently touched by staff and patients, such as light switches, door knobs, and nursing stations were cleaned according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. The personal protective equipment for the eye-care nursing staff, ophthalmology residents, and attending eye surgeons included Latex gloves, eye protection (goggles or face shields), a surgical-style face mask, a long-sleeved fluid-resistant gown, and disposable shoe covers. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings cache = ./cache/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291271-movbn4dn author = Jahangiry, Leila title = Risk perception related to COVID-19 among the Iranian general population: an application of the extended parallel process model date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3334 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = This study aimed to investigate on how people perceive the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and to find out how this might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. To collect data an electronic self-designed questionnaire based on the EPPM was used in order to measure the risk perception (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) related to the COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate on how people have perceived the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the EPPM (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) and how these might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. This EPPM-based study was conducted to assess the risk perceptions, overall perceived danger and fear control processes among Iranian people during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291155-2fze1t92 author = Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title = Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1389 sentences = 95 flesch = 51 summary = title: Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve severity outcome [OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.51–5.23), p = 0.41, I(2) = 93%, random-effect modelling] nor mortality rate from COVID-19 infection [OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.50–1.21), p = 0.26, I(2) = 0%, fixed-effect modelling]. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes from COVID-19 infection. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of metformin use in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" and "mortality" were included in this meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291190-f6km3c7z author = Nasi, Aikaterini title = Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2999 sentences = 155 flesch = 42 summary =  SARS-CoV has been reported to modulate PARP function and thereby NAD+ biosynthesis  Cellular homeostasis and redox imbalances by SARS-CoV2 can cause stress responses  Antioxidants such as NAC could limit ROS mediated tissue damage during COVID-19 Hereby, based on literature review from the current pandemic and previous outbreaks with corona viruses we analyze the impact of the virus infection on cell stress responses and redox balance. PLA2G2D expression was shown to be increased in the lungs of middle aged mice, resulting in decreased survival and impaired T cell responses upon infection with SARS-CoV1 [20] . Interestingly, NAC administration to aged mice, diminished PLAG2D expression in both lung cells and CD11c+ DCs. In addition, increased levels of oxidized phospholipidsare a common feature associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by viruses including SARS and H5N1. cache = ./cache/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291253-5mzcvfm4 author = Afzal, Waseem title = What we can learn from information flows about COVID‐19: Implications for research and practice date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3244 sentences = 155 flesch = 41 summary = As a starting point, this research analyzes information about COVID‐19 from a selection of information sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHCPRC), and three news outlets with vast global coverage. The purpose of this research is to examine information flows about COVID-19 and to identify the information-specific underpinnings that are shaping the information environment of this pandemic and contributing to understandings of and abilities to manage and control this crisis. Regarding the increased magnitude of information flow about COVID-19, events such as the following occurred: (a) the confirmation of infections outside China started to become more regular and the virus reached 20 countries by January 30 (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-31/coronavirus-map-tracks-spread-throughout-world/ 11912828), (b) concerns about the virus becoming a global crisis began to be voiced by researchers in scholarly communication and in mass media (e.g., Riou & Althaus, 2020 ; https://www.bbc.cm/news/world-asiachina-51249208), and (c) the WHO started issuing "situation reports" on January 21, providing daily updates on COVID-19, leading to the declaration of the novel coronavirus as a "public health emergency of international concern" on January 30, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291311-5hw307v1 author = Xiao, Hongjun title = How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 688 sentences = 49 flesch = 48 summary = Some patients with unfavorable neck anatomy, such as short neck, enlarged thyroid, and neck cicatricial contracture, are not suitable for percutaneous tracheostomy, a minimally invasive method.1 In these circumstances, conventional open tracheostomy is the primary option for surgeons. However, it is one of the most hazardous procedures, because the direct airway opening and the coughing of patients causes aerosolization of the virus potentially exposing healthcare workers.2 To prevent healthcare-associated infections, we are willing to share our modified tracheostomy procedures with other surgeons worldwide. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection, endotracheal intubation is one of the most common and indispensable life-saving interventions. However, it is one of the most hazardous procedures, because the direct airway opening and the coughing of patients causes aerosolization of the virus, potentially exposing healthcare workers. 2 To prevent health-care-associated infections, we are willing to share our modified tracheostomy procedures with other surgeons worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291226-xdq2edy0 author = Stefely, Jonathan A. title = Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID‐19 is associated with venous thromboembolism date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5592 sentences = 287 flesch = 50 summary = To begin testing the hypothesis that factor V activity elevation is associated with COVID-19, we measured a panel of coagulation parameters in the earliest available specimen from the first 102 SARS-CoV-2 positive patient specimens submitted to our coagulation laboratory without any exclusion criteria, 17 contemporaneous controls, and 260 to 478 historical controls per test prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a validated clinical laboratory assay, we found factor V activity to be markedly elevated in many patients in this severe COVID-19 cohort (median 150 IU/dL, n = 102) compared to the expected reference median value of 100 IU/dL activity (Figures 1A and 1B) . Compared to all patient specimens tested in our laboratory during the four years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2016 -February 2020) (n = 446), factor V activity was significantly higher in our cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 (COVID-19 median 150 IU/dL, historical control median 81 IU/dL, P < 1x10 -32 ) ( Figure 1A ). cache = ./cache/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291315-y40s45iv author = Logunov, Denis Y title = Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5697 sentences = 282 flesch = 50 summary = title: Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). INTERPRETATION: The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. These findings of two open, phase 1/2 non-randomised studies of a heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine based on recombinant adenoviral vectors rAd26-S and rAd5-S show that the vaccine is safe, well tolerated, and induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in 100% of healthy participants. In our study, despite formation of neutralising antibodies to recombinant adenoviruses after vaccination with rAd26 and rAd5, formation of a humoral immune response to target antigen (SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S) in vaccinated volunteers was not affected. cache = ./cache/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291184-uza4orb8 author = Lyra, Wladimir title = COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil. date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3447 sentences = 232 flesch = 66 summary = We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. 29 Here we develop an SIR type compartmental models for COVID-19 including both 30 symptomatic and asymptomatic, quarantined, and hospitalized while taking into 31 consideration differences by age groups. The timescales σ, γ, θ, and ξ, as well as the fractions p and w, are found by Markov 152 chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting, with priors as given in Table 1 Fig. 4a shows the evolution of the compartments of exposed (E), asymptomatic (A), 166 symptomatic (I), and hospitalized (H), in linear scale. Collapse of health care system can be avoided if vertical 213 confinement is instored on people who are 60 or older, but at the expense of a significant 214 number of extra ICU cases for the 50-60 age bin. cache = ./cache/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291275-qylkm2tn author = Khosravi, Mohsen title = The challenges ahead for patients with feeding and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1414 sentences = 71 flesch = 44 summary = However, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patients with feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are at this stage unclear. The COVID-19 pandemic can potentially aggravate FEDs and the associated mental health symptoms because of the intensified economic limitations resulting in food insecurity (that is, restricted food access caused by economic problems). These exacerbations may be caused due to several reasons, such as the stress-triggering impacts of the daily reports of new cases and mortality rate of the disease (some mental health professionals call it "headline stress disorder" [11] ; worrying about infection and death of their family members [12] ; the inescapable media coverage on the grocery shopping, food safety, food shortages threats, and "how to control emotional eating"; or the focus of some online contents regarding the pandemic on "how to appear perfect on a webcam") as well as at-home workout challenges can involuntarily strengthen the eating-disorder behaviors and cognitions [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291227-dgjieg7t author = Mandal, Manotosh title = A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3251 sentences = 292 flesch = 71 summary = authors: Mandal, Manotosh; Jana, Soovoojeet; Nandi, Swapan Kumar; Khatua, Anupam; Adak, Sayani; Kar, T.K. title: A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans. A theoretical study on mathematical modeling of an 578 infectious disease with application of optimal control Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a 591 mathematical modelling study. cache = ./cache/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291393-iht5zndl author = De Angelis, Giulia title = Confirmed or unconfirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Italian patients: a retrospective analysis of clinical features date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2704 sentences = 133 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: On March 31, 2020, hospitalized patients who presented with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, exposures, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with 2019-nCoV pneumonia were included. Because of substantial pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality [3] , testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients who meet the suspected-case definition for COVID-19 [4] is central for their management. We comparatively explored the clinical features of 165 patients with laboratory confirmed or unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to COVID-19 wards of the Fondazione Policlinico A. We tested the hypothesis that negative patients did not differ from SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients by comparing features of 165 cases with clinically diagnosed 2019-nCoV pneumonia in our hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291413-cgec7150 author = Al-Jehani, Hosam title = MENA-SINO Consensus Statement on Implementing Care Pathways for Acute Neurovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 240 flesch = 48 summary = There are several challenges facing endovascular therapy for stroke, including shortages of medical staff who may be deployed for COVID-19 coverage or who may have contracted the infection and are thus quarantined, patients avoiding early medical care, a lack of personal protective equipment, delays in door-to-puncture time, anesthesia challenges, and a lack of high-intensity intensive care unit and stroke ward beds. As a leading regional neurovascular organization, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO) has established a task force composed of medical staff and physicians from different disciplines to establish guiding recommendations for the implementation of acute care pathways for various neurovascular emergencies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a leading regional neurovascular organization, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO) has established a task force composed of medical staff and physicians from different disciplines to establish guiding recommendations for the implementation of acute care pathways for various neurovascular emergencies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291410-umaxozwk author = Gupta, Vishal title = COVID-19 and Acute Pancreatitis: What Do Surgeons Need to Know? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1655 sentences = 83 flesch = 42 summary = Metaanalysis of 47 studies including 10,890 COVID-19 patients showed that gastrointestinal symptoms are present in less than 10% of cases with a pooled prevalence of 7.8% for nausea/ vomiting, 7.7% for diarrhoea and 2.7% for abdominal pain and 15% for liver enzyme abnormalities (transaminitis) [1] . earlier reported 17% incidence of pancreatic injury among 52 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although the possibility of viral load in pancreatic necrotic tissue and fluid is uncertain, interventions required to manage local complications (acute necrotic collections or walled off necrosis), whether percutaneous, endoscopic, or minimally invasive (retroperitoneal/transperitoneal), might expose the health care workers to SARS-CoV-2, more so with high-risk aerosol generating procedures like endoscopic or minimally invasive drainage / necrosectomy including video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD). Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: case report on three family members SARS-CoV-2 is present in peritoneal fluid in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291371-9wadja0w author = Zimmerman, R. K. title = Proposed Clinical Indicators for Efficient Screening and Testing for COVID-19 Infection from Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Analysis date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 105 flesch = 63 summary = Background: The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS CoV2 in the United States resulted in implementation of methods to assess, mitigate and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease based on limited knowledge. Background: The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS CoV2 in the United States resulted in implementation of methods to assess, mitigate and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease based on limited knowledge. Cases significantly more often reported chills, loss of taste/smell, diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting and contact with a COVID-19 case, but less frequently reported shortness of breath and sore throat. CART recursive partitioning, based on presence or absence of symptoms, was used to create a decision tree to correctly classify enrollees into laboratory-confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 cases. Those who tested positive significantly more frequently reported chills, loss of taste/smell, diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting and contact with a COVID-19 case, but less frequently reported shortness of breath and sore throat (Table) . cache = ./cache/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291234-rozpps6v author = Faye, C. title = A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD? date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6826 sentences = 349 flesch = 55 summary = The method was applied to 60 countries (30 in Africa and 30 in other continents) and 6 variables which are: the Covid-19 situation on Monday 13 April 2020 (confirmed cases and reported deaths), the mean annual temperature and the structure of the proportion (0 to 14 years, 15 to 64 years and over 65 years). The opposing relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic (confirmed cases and reported deaths) and the proportion of elderly (and/or young) is apparent, suggesting that generally the younger a country's population is (and therefore the fewer vulnerable people), the less likely it is to be affected by the Coronavirus pandemic, and vice versa. Axis 2, with 23.24% variance, is positively related, strongly with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases, the number of reported deaths and the proportion of elderly in the total population, weakly with the average annual temperature of the country and the proportion of young people in the total population of the country. cache = ./cache/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291244-o4isx15k author = Ikuyama, Yuichi title = Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2382 sentences = 133 flesch = 44 summary = Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. Here, we report the clinical course of a patient with a severe case of COVID-19 complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We report the patient's response to intensive care, including invasive ventilation in the early stage of the illness and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and glucocorticoid therapies as the illness progressed. In this case, ECMO showed great effectiveness 13 in treating the patient's rapidly deteriorating respiratory status due to pneumonia. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study • A critical case of 76-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia.• No significant clinical benefits of lopinavir-ritonavir and peramivir treatment.• The pneumonia rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome.• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from illness day 21 to 31 lead to recovery. cache = ./cache/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291443-ff80mr2a author = AlMutlak, Mohammed title = Future of Corneal Donation and Transplantation: Insights From COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1587 sentences = 79 flesch = 55 summary = Early on, in the pandemic, with little data available about this new disease and its effect on ocular tissue, eye bank associations around the world rapidly put into place new screening recommendations to reduce the yet unknown risk of donor-recipient transmission during corneal transplantation. 4 In the United States, the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) released its first screening recommendations on February 3, 2020. As COVID-19 restrictions were gradually lifted throughout the United States in May and June, elective surgeries including corneal transplantation procedures resumed and, according to the same EBAA survey, were at approximately 71% of their usual volume by the beginning of June (42 eye banks reporting) and 81% by the beginning of July (37 eye banks reporting). Donor testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), if performed, will further add cost and time to the distribution of corneal tissue while potentially providing a false sense of security because testing has not been validated for cadaveric samples and have varying rates of false-negative results. cache = ./cache/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291414-kyi8tfqd author = Machado, Renato Assis title = Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 772 sentences = 51 flesch = 54 summary = authors: Machado, Renato Assis; de Souza, Natália Lins; Oliveira, Rayane Maria; Martelli Júnior, Hercílio; Bonan, Paulo Rogério Ferreti title: Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era Besides helping patients to control chronic diseases and to give an early diagnosis, the telemedicine can "forward triage" people with possible symptoms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since no telemedicine program can be created suddenly, an alternative adopted by different patients is to use the instant messaging applications from social media. Similarly, such an alternative helps to rule out SARS-CoV-2 symptoms quickly and avoid long lines in hospitals and emergency care, which is really great to reduce the virus spreading. Rather than expected, all the recommendations regarding COVID-19 in-person care places, these programs enable us to refer only patients with oral lesions of greater severity and to high-risk patients to triage lines of COVID-19 and even allows patients to schedule a medical consultation by video. cache = ./cache/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291501-9dhldjjp author = Sarraf, David title = Is virtual existence our new reality? date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1490 sentences = 80 flesch = 62 summary = A culture that more and more is moving in the direction of a virtual existence with a preference to limit human contact and only communicate through a digital interface that eliminates our deepest anxieties and fears. In an effort to urge greater resiliency of her constituency in the fight against the coronavirus which continues to infect thousands of people every day, just here in the state of California, she noted: "…this is not the end. Roosevelt: "We have nothing to fear but fear itself." The political policies to fight COVID-19 and "flatten the curve" of infection have been successful and have reduced conversion rates so that hospital ERs and ICUs are not overburdened, ensuring that patients with coronavirus throughout the world receive optimal care. It is clear that one of the reasons for the higher death rate in Italy may relate to severely ill COVID patients who did not receive necessary supportive care in time because hospitals were overwhelmed by deathly sick coronavirus patients. cache = ./cache/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 author = Kow, Chia Siang title = The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 270 sentences = 24 flesch = 46 summary = key: cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 title: The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 cord_uid: a6y8k1a5 1 to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed acute arterial thrombosis. Based on the reported findings, we observed that the proportion of COVID-19 patients with major cardiovascular risk factors who developed acute arterial thrombosis is higher than that of their non-COVID-19 counterparts. This finding hinted at the possibility that thromboinflammation plays a greater role for the development of arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 patients than traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we would like to propose routine antiplatelet therapy (low-dose aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, ticlopidine, and dipyridamole) for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients who are deemed at heightened risk for the development of acute arterial thrombosis. Arterial thrombotic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291476-c2i14ili author = Coe, William H. title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Inpatient Psychiatry Resident Supervision date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1075 sentences = 54 flesch = 46 summary = To the Editor: As an intern during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the first author (WC) worked for an entire month on an inpatient adolescent psychiatry unit without ever seeing his attending in person. Both the American Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) and National Neuroscience Curriculum Initiative (NNCI) have created web-based didactics for residents [1, 2] , but these are intended to be additive resources and do not directly address changes to clinical supervision or patient care as a result of the pandemic. Before the pandemic, the 22-bed adolescent unit (for patients ages 13-18) included two clinical teams, each consisting of one attending, one intern, one medical student, and 2-3 social workers. Before the pandemic, teams would come together for morning huddle, rounds, and occasional family meetings or new admissions, but spent a majority of their time in separate work rooms. cache = ./cache/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291483-ni6toh8c author = Kermani-Alghoraishi, Mohammad title = A Review of Venous Thromboembolism Phenomena in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1975 sentences = 101 flesch = 37 summary = One of the most important known complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the occurrence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, especially in critically ill patients and hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of VTE disease, especially pulmonary embolism, in patients with SARS-CoV 2 infections are incredibly difficult and challenging. As the first para-clinical approach in the diagnostic algorithm of pulmonary embolism, the use of D-dimer in the patients admitted with SARS-CoV 2 infection is controversial, because this marker has been increased as an acute reaction factor in hospitalized patients in need of respiratory care and loses its predictive value due to its low specificity (28) . Finally, according to recent studies, it is recommended that most of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially critically ill patients admitted to ICU or cases with high D-dimer level, use pharmacological VTE prophylaxis (23, 37) . cache = ./cache/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291505-vt5vpp60 author = Rusconi, Chiara title = SARS-CoV-2 Interstitial Pneumonia Treated With Tocilizumab in a Patient Affected by Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1769 sentences = 111 flesch = 40 summary = [5] [6] [7] We therefore report a case of SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia in a patient with classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) successfully treated with tocilizumab. 6, 7 More recently, a series of hematological cancer patients SARS-CoV-2 infected has been described: 3 out of 25 patients received tocilizumab, in 2 cases together with steroids, and a successful outcome has been reported for two of them. The first cHL patient affected by COVID-19 has been described by O'Kelly and colleagues: at symptoms onset, a PD-1 inhibitors induced pneumonitis was suspected, and treatment against SARS-CoV-2 was started after NPS test resulted positive. 14 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first extended report on successful tocilizumab treatment for a lymphoma patient affected by COVID-19; immunocompromised subjects may mount an antibody response and overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in case of severe interstitial pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291366-d5d9l0xr author = Eirale, Cristiano title = Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3183 sentences = 181 flesch = 47 summary = In this period, there is an important reduction, or even a Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application AUTHORS: Cristiano Eirale 1 , Giannicola Bisciotti 1,2 , Alessandro Corsini 3 , Christophe Baudot 1 , Gerard Saillant 1 , Hakim Chalabi 1,2 1 Paris Saint Germain FC, France 2 Aspetar Sports and Orthopedics Hospital-Doha, Qatar 3 Internazionale Milano FC, Italy ABSTRACT: In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Therefore, considering both the high and dramatic specificity of the current pandemic period and the absence of evidence concerning sport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic [26] , the training rules mentioned below are mainly based on the principle of "maximal caution" [27] . For these reasons, we do not recommend any kind of training in case of fever following a COVID infection and, due to the lack of evidence, the principle of maximal prudence should be followed upon return to sport. cache = ./cache/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291387-04inonzh author = Deering, Thomas F. title = COllaboration is a Valuable International/Interdisciplinary Directive for Electrophysiology Progress: NOvel & Tangible Important Lessons Learned COVID-EP: NOT ILL Digital health lessons learned from the COVID experience can improve arrhythmic outcomes date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2574 sentences = 112 flesch = 34 summary = Accordingly, the need to establish collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts, such as those being coordinated by the Alliance for Advancing Bioelectronic Medicine, 7 to accelerate digital cooperation across specialties with the goal of creating a singular message and a unified electronic vision, will be necessary if our efforts to limit the negative clinical impact of arrhythmic disease is to be successful. Accordingly, as a specialty, we should pause; contemplate and consider how we-as individuals, as institutions, and as the leading global arrhythmia societies-might apply and adapt some of the potentially vast digital approaches, adopted to fight the COVID pandemic, to transform educational efforts; augment clinical programs; expand patient access; catalyze research and ultimately improve patient outcomes. If we hope to apply successfully the lessons that we can learn from the application of digital health innovations during the COVID-19 crisis and realize the goal of generating a foundation on which we can accelerate progress in eradicating arrhythmic suffering and death, several steps are mandatory. cache = ./cache/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291555-zapdk7gs author = Bertomeu-González, Vicente title = Estimulación cardiaca tras pandemia de la COVID-19. Propuesta de desescalada de la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2775 sentences = 236 flesch = 50 summary = En el caso de los pacientes con resultado negativo para COVID-19 o pacientes sin test realizado en las 48 horas previas se recomienda el uso de equipos de protección de contacto y de transmisión de gotas por parte de cualquier profesional que vaya a entrar en contacto con el paciente, así como realizar una desinfección adecuada del quirófano y de todos los elementos que hayan entrado en contacto con el paciente tras cada uno de los procedimientos. Tras cada procedimiento realizar desinfección adecuada del quirófano y de todos los elementos que hayan entrado en contacto con el paciente * En el caso resultado positivo del test de detección para la enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) e indicación de intervención relacionada con la estimulación cardiaca urgente se deben adoptar todas las medidas de protección antes, durante y después del procedimiento. cache = ./cache/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291595-8241pjpe author = Mahmudpour, Mehdi title = COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5842 sentences = 351 flesch = 43 summary = The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE/angiotensin II/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2/bradykinin B1R/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. Because Ang-(1-7) exerts a critical role in counteracting the pro-inflammatory effect of RAAS, protecting from endothelial cell activation and resulting lung damage from inflammatory mediators in the cytokine storm, the administration of Ang-(1-7) or one of its similar agents to patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis has been suggested [35, 66] . We suggested ACE2/Bradykinin/DABK may be involved in the inflammatory response of SARS CoV-2; therefore, blockade of this axis by inhibiting BKB1R may ameliorate a part of the cytokine storm which occurs in COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291526-aau0hnwx author = Ge, Fenfen title = Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3445 sentences = 224 flesch = 47 summary = We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. In summary, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to confirm the risk factors among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it includes psychotic experiences (4 items), suicidal ideation (3 items), the history of anxiety symptoms (4 items), the history of depression symptoms (5 items), paranoia (4 items), inferiority (5 items), sensitivity (4 items), social phobia (4 items), somatization (4 items), dependence (4 items), aggression (4 items), impulsive (4 items), obsession and compulsion (4 items), Internet addiction (5 items), self-injury (4 items), eating problems (4 items), sleeping problem (4 items), school adjustment difficulties (4 items), interpersonal distress (4 items), academic pressure (4 items), employment pressure (4 items) and romantic relationship problems (4 items). cache = ./cache/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author = Riechelmann, Rachel P title = Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5855 sentences = 390 flesch = 44 summary = RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. All the recommendations proposed in this manuscript, besides being evidencebased, aimed at the following objectives: (1) to prioritise curative-intent cancer treatments during the pandemic; (2) to support the treatment of aggressive tumours when effective therapies are available; (3) to decrease the number of or delay oncological non-priority surgeries; (4) to decrease hospital visits (e.g., substitute intravenous for similarly effective oral drugs; propose when and to whom treatments delays/ interruption/watchful waiting can be offered); (5) to minimise anticancer therapy-related immunosuppression in specific high-risk groups (here defined as: elderly, comorbid illnesses [especially diabetes, cardiovascular and/or pulmonary concurrent diseases], fragility, ECOG 2 or higher). cache = ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291397-look6ddt author = Roberto, Palumbo title = Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype? date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5827 sentences = 326 flesch = 46 summary = Given the lack of specific therapy about the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a brief review to summarize the mechanism of action and the potentially side effects of the treatment currently available, focusing on the effects of the drugs on renal disease at different stages in terms of therapeutic management and survival. A randomized clinical trial, handled by a Chinese group, suggested that in hospitalized adult patients with severe infection, no benefit was observed with lopinavir/ritonavir beyond standard care in terms of time to clinical improvement, reduction of mortality and safety (side effects and discontinuation of treatment) [29, 30] . Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291638-oatrjbo3 author = Kang, Dayun title = Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2637 sentences = 160 flesch = 59 summary = This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January–06 February 2020. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. There are 31 provinces in mainland China, and this study used 3 weeks' data from 16 January to 06 February 2020, which was during the early stages of COVID-19 in China. Because COVID-19 spread from Hubei Province, the epicentre of the outbreak, the number of newly confirmed cases in the provinces neighbouring Hubei was investigated. It used Moran's I statistic, a measure of spatial association, for the number of confirmed cases with different types of neighbourhoods. On 22 January Models 1-4 first detected a significant spatial dependency on the number of newly confirmed cases. Since approximately 24 January, the number of newly confirmed cases show significant spatial dependency in Models 1 and 2. cache = ./cache/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291624-fod0eyuj author = Malone, Robert W. title = COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6496 sentences = 354 flesch = 43 summary = We propose that the principal famotidine mechanism of action for COVID-19 involves on-target histamine receptor H (2) activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. Patients with COVID-19 disease can present with a range of mild to severe non-speci c clinical signs and symptoms which develop two to fourteen days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The most likely mechanisms of actions include: via antiviral activity, via novel human targets, or via the on-target mechanism described in the current FDA market authorization-famotidine is a histamine receptor H 2 antagonist (and inverse agonist). To assess the possibility that famotidine may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by other routes, a Vero E6 cell-based assay was performed to compare median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50/mL) of famotidine, remdesivir, and hydroxychloroquine ( Figure 2 ). In both of these studies, the observed non-in ammatory edema in early-stage COVID-19 pulmonary disease is consistent with histamine release by mast cells. cache = ./cache/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291627-5dqwyd9r author = Yadav, Rakhee title = SARS-CoV-2-host dynamics: Increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4361 sentences = 269 flesch = 48 summary = 11 Many recent studies are now reporting obesity as one of the risk factors for severity of COVID-19 in USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, Spain and France [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] 67 (summarised in the In the current scenario, since USA has become the epi-centre of the COVID-19 pandemic; the dynamics of patient characteristics in terms of associated complications is showing a difference from the initial data put out by China. During the present pandemic, till now, it has been well established that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are the major risk factors for poor outcomes but considering a higher BMI to be a forerunner for both these co-morbidities, the inclusion of obesity and overweight individuals as candidates for poor COVID-19 outcomes becomes very important. 58 Thus, the interaction between ACE2-RAS system, adipose tissue and the SARS-CoV-2 could, at least partially, explain the higher morbidity and mortality risk of COVID-19 in obese patients. cache = ./cache/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291644-5y0ioety author = Akiyama, Tomohiro title = The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5835 sentences = 306 flesch = 45 summary = title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond Since the long-term continuous measurement of intravascular NO was impossible, complementary tests were conducted to determine whether IFMC could increase the surface temperature, blood flow rate, velocity and vessel diameter in the human body. The present study confirmed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC, with a size of tens of nanometres (Figure 1 ), could induce an increase of intravascular NO (Figure 3) , vasodilation (vessel diameter) and blood flow rate in a living body (Figure 4) , as well as an increase of the surface temperature of a hand including fingers ( Figure 5 ). To summarise, our inter-and trans-disciplinary approach revealed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC can induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and blood flow rate, as well as an increase of hand surface temperature in a living body. cache = ./cache/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291686-kgewmqg5 author = Patel, Surendra title = Prioritizing cardiovascular surgical care in COVID‐19 pandemic: Shall we operate or defer? date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1620 sentences = 98 flesch = 46 summary = Moreover there is lack of sufficient data regarding impact of COVID-19 on post operative outcomes in patients who were infected with novel coronavirus and underwent cardiac and thoracic procedures. Peng et al 3 reported that patient who underwent thoracic surgery at the time of pandemic and later found to be affected with the novel coronavirus had greater than anticipated incidence of severe illness as well as case fatality rate, thus emphasizing the importance of correct triage and prioritizing cases to be considered for cardiac and thoracic surgery. 14 American college of surgeons has defined triage guidelines for vascular surgery patients, 8 and have provided guidelines regarding whether to postpone or not, vascular surgical procedures including, ascending aortic aneurysm, peripheral aneurysms, aortic dissection, mesenteric ischemia, peripheral vascular disease, trauma, venous thromboembolism, and amputation of limbs (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291687-kwu0otpi author = Judson, Gregory L. title = Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5569 sentences = 273 flesch = 40 summary = A review of 44,672 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Wuhan, China, demonstrated increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (10.5%), diabetes (7.3%), and hypertension (6%), which was significantly higher than the overall case-fatality rate of 2.3% [22] . These initial cases series have shown a similar relationship between underlying cardiac comorbidities with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and obesity in patients requiring mechanical ventilation [24] . Early studies reported a prevalence of acute cardiac injury of 12% in the entire cohort as defined by either high sensitivity troponin (Hs Tn) or the MB fraction of creatinine kinase (CK-MB) [ 99 th percentile or new echocardiographic or electrocardiographic abnormalities with greater elevations in cardiac biomarkers among patients requiring ICU care [1, 20] . Case cohort studies included data in patients for whom the outcome and illness course helped further elucidate the role of cardiac injury in COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291581-oyhzot4z author = Malik, Fazila-Tun-Nesa title = Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of Healthcare Personnel With COVID-19 Disease date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2771 sentences = 174 flesch = 57 summary = HCP employed in this hospital who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace were included in this study. Protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 are of particular importance for HCP in direct contact with patients suffering from COVID-19 in the ambulatory as well as hospital setting. The apparent higher rate of infection among HCP may be due to lack of awareness among staff, insufficient protective measures, social gatherings outside the workplace, or contact with known patients with COVID-19 in the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 among HCP with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms in a tertiary cardiac care hospital. From April 29 to July 20, 2020, HCP with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms or close contact with the patient at home or at the workplace in the last 10 days were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291661-hn1z0817 author = Wood, David A. title = Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1217 sentences = 65 flesch = 35 summary = This document from the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology -Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'intervention, specifically addresses the implications for the care of patients in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (CCL) in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. In summary, we believe the above framework and the recommendations in Table 1 will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. cache = ./cache/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291417-p49ukyhx author = Mikulska, Malgorzata title = Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4441 sentences = 219 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. We hypothesized that outcomes such as no need for intubation and survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in whom tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone were administered in addition to standard of care (SOC) could be better than in those who received only SOC. In this observational study in non-intubated patients with mainly severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the early addition of tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone to SOC resulted in adjusted failure-free survival of 86.5% and 80.8% at day 14 and 30, which was, respectively, 10.7% and 16.7% higher than in SOC patients. cache = ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291566-jwlvustd author = Wells Mulherin, Diana title = ASPEN Report on Nutrition Support Practice Processes With COVID‐19: The First Response date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5727 sentences = 272 flesch = 49 summary = This paper summarizes clinician reports on these changed processes, including overall nutrition care, nutrition assessment, enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition care steps, and food and oral supplement delivery. Experience and research on nutrition support therapy in patients with COVID-19 has brought about new healthcare practice processes that include telemedicine, personal protective equipment (PPE), and exposure limitations. Inpatient nutrition support clinicians working from home have found it challenging to be involved in patient care rounds. Nutrition clinicians are also using telephone or video conferencing to round with the primary medical teams to see patients together and limit going into patients' rooms to minimize COVID-19 exposure. Some dietitians are reporting that patients with COVID-19 infections are in negative-pressure rooms, and therefore they do not need to wear entire PPE on the patient care unit, which allows them greater access to other healthcare professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291745-2371k29o author = Ha, Kyoo-Man title = A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1115 sentences = 64 flesch = 46 summary = Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. A divided community approach involves emergency management stakeholders individually understanding, evaluating, and then deciding on steps regarding managing the outbreak of COVID-19. On the other hand, a total community approach involves all stakeholders collectively comprehending and assessing the needs of communities and then deciding on and implementing appropriate alternatives to manage COVID-19 [1] . The aforementioned two approaches are compared in terms of five stakeholders: hospitals, governments, voluntary organizations, mass media, and other local communities. As such, appropriate voluntary organizations including the Korean Medical Association, Korean Nurses Association, Korean Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, and others must register related professional volunteers before the outbreak of pandemic diseases. In other words, emergency management against the outbreak of COVID-19 cannot be handled by a community divided among the five stakeholders. cache = ./cache/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291588-tp89j1kk author = Dorche, Maryam Sharifian title = Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5579 sentences = 431 flesch = 42 summary = During the current pandemic, 370 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection out of 37 studies (Table 3) were reported to suffer from AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA). (145) Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy(ANE) which was reported in 8 patients (Table 3) with COVID-19 is a distinct entity defined as rapid onset of neurological symptoms often secondary to a viral infection such as herpes viruses and influenza. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS-CoV2 infection: A close Clinical -Paraclinical follow up study of a case EEG Findings in Acutely Ill Patients Investigated for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Small Case Series Preliminary Report. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, a case report Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Complication of Novel COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature cache = ./cache/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291735-b6dksrbx author = Sukut, Ozge title = The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1733 sentences = 94 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSION: Given the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic process and the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness, it is clear that some preventive measures will increase the well‐being of these individuals and reduce relapses. Ignoring the effect of the outbreak on people with mental illness will not only inhibit the measures taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19, but also increase existing health inequalities. The individual with severe mental illness are more sensitive against infection for various reasons such as decreasing cognitive ability and awareness of self-care, using medication continuously and limited conditions in psychiatry clinics. 8 This can lead to an increase the risk of infection, including pneumonia, in individuals with mental health illness. Prevention measures such as isolation and quarantine can lead to fear, anxiety, and uncertainty for patients, causing to increase the diseases related with stress and at the same time it can cause exacerbation of pre-existing mental disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291756-ejh1r8h4 author = Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen title = Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3766 sentences = 197 flesch = 49 summary = title: Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population AIMS: The objective of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of exceptionally stressful situations, such as the current health risk, on the cognitive and emotive state of the individual, that is, perceived threat and emotional state on affect and mood. RESULTS: The results showed that the perception of threat from COVID-19 was related positively to negative affect and emotional signs, that is, sadness-depression, anxiety and anger-hostility. The starting hypothesis was that perception of threat in the exceptional state of health emergency caused by COVID-19, affects one's emotional situation (Model 1), and this, in turn, affects perception of risk (Model 2), in which positive and negative affect balances act as mediators in these relationships (Fig 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291768-68xr2ycm author = Bankole, Taofik Olatunji title = Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region: mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time? date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5955 sentences = 280 flesch = 60 summary = Data including daily reports on the total reported cases of COVID-19 infection and the number of related patient deaths were extracted for Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Niger, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal over the time span covered in this study. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the trends in the percentage increase in the rate of reported cases of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Republic of Niger, West Africa, and the world, respectively. Our findings, therefore, suggest that if the relatively lower incidence of growth in the reported cases of COVID-19 in West Africa is as a result of the availability of an improved or functional healthcare delivery system, the number of deaths across covered countries and of the region as a whole should have declined gradually rather than the present gradually increasing rate of deaths that are being recorded. cache = ./cache/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291719-1ku6cmwj author = Hajjo, Rima title = A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6493 sentences = 315 flesch = 41 summary = METHODS: We developed and employed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and affect a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses. RESULTS: Our analysis demonstrates that BCG vaccine affects the production and maturation of naïve T cells resulting in enhanced, long-lasting trained innate immune responses that can provide protection against novel viruses. Herein, we describe a unique drug and vaccine repurposing workflow, and list high confidence proteins and pharmacological classes of compounds, that work as BCG mimics at the system level by inducing beneficial long lasting trained immune response. Earlier studies suggested that the documented beneficial off-target effects of BCG in protecting from non-TB infections, including perhaps COVID-19, involve a potentiation of innate immune responses through epigenetic mechanisms (56) (57) (58) . cache = ./cache/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291724-bwiyp73e author = Abdulmajeed, Kabir title = ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1920 sentences = 121 flesch = 57 summary = Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble algorithm presents lower and upper bounds for the total number of possible COVID-19 cases for the next day. Sample code to mine real-time COVID-19 cases in Nigeria as a Pandas data frame or Excel file has been provided in the repository. Table 4 highlights the relative strength and weaknesses of the models individually and finally; Fig. 5 presents a visual comparison of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria vs South Africa for analyzing policy impact. The objective is to establish the lower and upper bounds on the possible number of COVID-19 cases per day using a framework that automatically streams web data in real-time from reliable sources. cache = ./cache/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291613-pfgy9ztl author = Farshidpour, Maham title = A brief review of liver injury in patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 during the pandemic date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1536 sentences = 77 flesch = 40 summary = Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19 is a respiratory viral infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since evolved into a pandemic with a global risk to human health [1] . Although abnormal liver enzymes were regularly described as an extrapulmonary clinical feature, and almost one half of patients experienced grades of hepatic injury [6] [7] [8] [9] , liver damage in patients with SARS infections was primarily manifested in the mild and moderate elevation of alanine and/or aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) with some degree of hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia during the early stage of the illness [10, 11] . In this brief review article, we summarized the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the hope of guiding further study on this important topic. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291773-m65bhfzt author = Helton, Gabrielle title = “Definitely Mixed Feelings:” The effect of COVID-19 on bereavement in parents of children who died from cancer date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3256 sentences = 202 flesch = 67 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine ways in which COVID-19 has affected the bereavement experiences of parents whose children died from cancer prior to the pandemic. During the interview, which focused on examining the current support for parents and other family members within the first several years following the child's death, participants were asked how COVID-19 has impacted their life and bereavement. Eleven codes were used to describe interview segments; the most commonly used codes were 'change in support,' 'no effect, 'familiarity with uncertainty/ability to cope' and 'change in contact with care/research team.' CONCLUSION: Parents identified multiple and variable ways – both positive, negative and neutral – how COVID-19 has affected their bereavement. cache = ./cache/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291851-xesef17i author = Wong, Yu-Jun title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 associated liver injury date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4382 sentences = 275 flesch = 52 summary = Our meta-analysis aims to compare the risks and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 associated liver injury among adults with severe and non-severe COVID-19. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the risk and clinical outcome of COVID-19 associated liver injury between COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. In this meta-analysis, we included all studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) population: adult patients infected with the COVID-19, (2) reported outcome data on liver enzymes derangement (3) reported outcome data on the risk or severity of liver injury between severe and non-severe COVID-19. We extracted data on the demographic of study populations (age, gender, sample size, the proportion of subjects with baseline chronic liver disease and the use of Lopinavir/ritonavir) as well as the pattern of COVID-19 associated liver injury (ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin and GGT) from all included studies. and performed a meta-analysis on the severity and risk of COVID-19 associated liver injury in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291862-8c48m5hf author = Rahi, Manju title = Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mitigation Steps Provide a Blueprint for Malaria Control and Elimination date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2066 sentences = 135 flesch = 45 summary = Nonetheless, we feel that the best facets of COVID-19 public health management can become new guiding principles in malaria-endemic countries to improve malaria control and hasten malaria elimination. 4 The lockdown tactic adopted by many countries to contain COVID-19 is also impacting global health product manufacturing and supply chains, potentially derailing distribution of antimalarial drugs, diagnostic kits, insecticides, and ITNs. 5 A recent modeling analysis by the WHO on the impact of COVID-19 on malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa predicts a > 20% rise in malaria cases and a doubling of malaria deaths, driven by 75% reduction in both routine ITN distribution and access to antimalarials. Although malaria (an old scourge) and COVID-19 (a newly emergent disease) may compete for public health attention, we feel that the best facets of current COVID-19 management provide lessons that may enable faster control and elimination of malaria. cache = ./cache/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291709-x9llke60 author = Lin, Yulan title = Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2572 sentences = 145 flesch = 54 summary = title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting a great challenge to the mental wellness of the people 56 in China, especially in Wuhan which was placed under strict lockdown(9).Likewise, the 57 pandemic also causes unprecedented mental health burden in the United States(10), United outbreak revealed that more than half of the public rated the psychological impact as 61 moderate to severe (15). The survey consisted of three sections, which 95 assessed i) demographic background, ii) barriers to prevention measures, iii) negative attitude 96 toward COVID-19, and iv) anxiety levels. cache = ./cache/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291612-j7xz1qaz author = Albahri, O.S. title = Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10219 sentences = 557 flesch = 44 summary = authors: Albahri, O.S.; Zaidan, A.A.; Albahri, A.S.; Zaidan, B.B.; Abdulkareem, K.H.; Al-qaysi, Z.T.; Alamoodi, A.H.; Aleesa, A.M.; Chyad, M.A.; Alesa, R.M.; Kim, L.C.; Lakulu, M.M.; Ibrahim, A.B.; Rashid, N.A. title: Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects Therefore, the present study aims to (i) shed light and systematically review the research efforts of emerging and new technologies of COVID-19 medical image detection based on AI approach; (ii) map related studies into coherent taxonomy and highlight the AI techniques, datasets, case studies and AI classification types used; (iii) highlight and analyse different aspects such as research gabs and future challenges with respect to evaluation and benchmarking; and (iv) propose a potential pathway solution with detailed methodology to tackle the identified research gabs and future challenges of evaluation and benchmarking of AI classification techniques used in COVID-19 medical image detection. cache = ./cache/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291954-wormplcu author = Sakulkonkij, Parichart title = A family cluster of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) kidney transplant recipient in Thailand date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4424 sentences = 304 flesch = 48 summary = A novel betacoronavirus, the seventh member of coronaviruses, which is shown to infect humans and lately named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an ongoing outbreak of respiratory illness that began in December 2019 in China called coronavirus disease 2019 . On admission, a nasopharyngeal and throat swabs for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a positive result, other laboratory findings included white blood cell count (WBC) 2480 cells/mm 3 , lymphocyte (L) 18%, neutrophil (N) 78%, and C-reactive protein (CRP) 62.7 mg/L. Although acute hypoxemic respiratory failure from COVID-19 in elderly and KT recipients in our cohort seemed to be prominent, early investigation in high-risk populations, prompt initiation of potential therapy, and intensive supportive care are important to prevent adverse consequences and mortality. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291886-phl8kh3f author = Anthi, Anastasia title = A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1981 sentences = 114 flesch = 37 summary = Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. We report our experience to highlight the crucial role of efficient anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases requiring ICU admission; the importance of diagnostic imaging strategies, including transesophageal echocardiography, is also emphasized. cache = ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291849-cjeyz86e author = Baidal, Jennifer Woo title = Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Among Patients in New York City date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1584 sentences = 87 flesch = 51 summary = Methods: Using aggregate administrative data from a multi-site academic healthcare system in New York from March 1 â€" May 14, 2020, we examined patient demographic and neighborhood characteristics according to Covid-19 testing and disease outcomes. Patients living in census tracts with more non-White individuals, Hispanic individuals, individuals in poverty, or housing crowding had higher proportions of Covid-19 positive tests, hospitalizations, and deaths than counterparts. In this large sample of consecutive patients in a multi-site healthcare system in New York, differences in Covid-19 test results and disease outcomes according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance types were identi ed. Those living in census tracts with more racial/ethnic minorities, individuals living in poverty, and more housing crowding had higher proportions of Covid-19 positive tests, hospitalizations, and known deaths than counterparts in other neighborhoods. In sum, among this cohort of over 20,000 patients in New York City, variation in Covid-19 test results and disease outcomes according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood characteristics was identi ed. cache = ./cache/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291829-lyg6i2wv author = Alcázar-Navarrete, Bernardino title = Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 599 sentences = 39 flesch = 51 summary = title: Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() 3 This clinical-radiological-histopathological picture might suggest that more severe patients who overcome the infection will present residual lesions with fibrosis and destructuring of the pulmonary parenchyma. In the post-Covid-19 era (Fig. 1 ), we will have to reorganize our approach to respiratory disease outpatient care and how we assess which patients require lung function testing, imaging techniques or invasive techniques that need to be performed in a health center, which patients can be monitored by video consultation or telephone call, and which need to be seen at home by primary care personnel. Others, such as pulse oximeters using smartphone flashes or built-in smartphone spirometers that do not require additional components, will need to be developed quickly so we can be prepared for the follow-up of patients with respiratory disease in the post-Covid-19 era. cache = ./cache/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291803-hsnz2qry author = Bhattacharjee, Barnali title = “The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health in USA – A Review with Some Coping Strategies” date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4036 sentences = 245 flesch = 52 summary = These observations suggest possible increase in mental health illnesses in United States as a consequence of the pandemic. The fear of being infected or dying from the disease is one of the most significant causes of mental health disorders. In this article, the authors critically examine the onset of the pandemic in United States of America focusing on its effect on the mental health of American people. May 28, 2020 With the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in United States from March through April 2020, there has been a rise in fear in the minds of people. This suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the economy in United States may lead to an increase in mental health illness in the country. Recent stressors associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic such as illnesses, social isolation, depressive home environment, and financial hardship can cause depressive disorders. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292056-dtdyxhq4 author = Ghogawala, Zoher title = Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1393 sentences = 74 flesch = 51 summary = Second, the neurosurgery workflow was changed dramatically by the cancellation of elective surgery cases in order to increase hospital capacity for future COVID-19 patients. In most hospitals, all interventional spine procedures have been postponed to decrease patient exposure to COVID-19 and allow surgeons to focus their efforts on the treatment of patients who require urgent care. As more patients are admitted to hospitals with active COVID-19 infections, the risk of exposure for spinal surgeons increases. While caring for COVID-19-positive patients who might need emergency spine surgery, all personnel are required to wear N95 masks and no personnel other than the anesthesiologist are allowed in the OR for 30 minutes following intubation. As elective surgery has been reduced in hospitals, many spinal surgeons have been asked to participate in the care of medical patients. Having models to compensate physicians and hospitals for the effective use of telehealth will be one positive aspect of this crisis, which has provided many opportunities for new learning. cache = ./cache/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292015-pfvgpf7v author = Brouwer, A. F. title = SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in decedents in a large, urban medical examiner's office date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2914 sentences = 184 flesch = 54 summary = We found large racial disparities in test results: despite no statistical difference in the racial distribution between those flagged and not, SARS-CoV-2 positive decedents were substantially more likely to be Black (89% vs 51%). Since mid-March (shortly after surveillance networks began detecting positive cases [7] ), WCME has been piloting daily SARS-CoV-2 surveillance by testing nasopharyngeal swabs of decedents, including both COVID-19 suspects and nonsuspects. In this analysis we compare percent positivity in WCME's piloted SARS-Cov-2 surveillance among decedents-distinguishing between those flagged by a COVID-19 checklist and those that were not-to the percent positivity of tests among people in the surrounding catchment area. The percent positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among decedents flagged for testing by a COVID-19 checklist in large, urban medical examiner's office closely mirrored percent positivity among tests in the catchment population. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20162883 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 test results among decedents not flagged by the COVID-19 checklist. cache = ./cache/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292030-cjz4nuag author = Qiu, Guangyu title = Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5689 sentences = 305 flesch = 48 summary = In this work, a dual-functional plasmonic biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction provides an alternative and promising solution for the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. 26−29 In this work, we developed a dual-functional LSPR biosensor through combining the photothermal effect and plasmonic sensing transduction for SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid detection. The plasmonic chip with the twodimensional distribution of nanoabsorbers (AuNIs) is capable to generate the local PPT heat and transduce the in situ hybridization for highly sensitive and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection. According to the phase-sensing diagram in Figure 4b and S6a, the LSPR response of the dual-functional AuNI biosensor started to increase when the RdRp-COVID genes were injected into the microfluidic chamber at about 200 s and attained the maximum phase value after about 800 s hybridization. cache = ./cache/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292041-a65kfw80 author = Orienti, Isabella title = Pulmonary Delivery of Fenretinide: A Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6110 sentences = 334 flesch = 34 summary = At present, there is no vaccine or effective standard treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (or coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)), which frequently leads to lethal pulmonary inflammatory responses. Therefore, due to its poly-pharmacology, fenretinide administration by pulmonary formulations may be expected to be protective against acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV infection and could represent a useful tool in a multimodal therapy aimed at establishing a rapid anti-inflammatory and antiviral effect. Pulmonary delivery of fenretinide could be a valuable tool in COVID-19 due to the possibility of obtaining a very high drug concentration in the airway and alveolar epithelia, thus triggering a rapid onset of local anti-inflammatory response. Moreover, the pulmonary administration of fenretinide, in combination with the drugs that are currently used in SARS-CoV-2 infection, could represent a new, effective tool in COVID-19 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291809-b7sosrc7 author = Iacovoni, Attilio title = A case series of Novel-Coronavirus infection in heart transplantation from two centers in the pandemic area in the North of Italy date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2482 sentences = 163 flesch = 53 summary = BACKGROUND Little is known about the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) in solid organ transplanted patients. (5) It has been speculated that 10 SARS-CoV-2 damages the host through two overlapping mechanisms, the first is the direct damage 11 of the virus itself, the second is an abnormal host response that may lead to a cytokine storm Aim of this study is to report a series of heart transplanted patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 from two Heart Transplant Centers in the North of Italy describing clinical characteristics, 4 prognosis and the impact of COVID-19 on heart transplant programs. The high case fatality rate observed in heart transplanted patients may be due 3 to the characteristics of the cohort evaluated in the analysis. These characteristics may therefore explain the 12 higher incidence SARS-CoV-2 infection, the more severe clinical presentation and the higher 13 mortality rate in transplanted patients. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does 21 immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292002-g0v0xc21 author = Yang, Wenjing title = The role of imaging in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4642 sentences = 228 flesch = 45 summary = Imaging features of multiple patchy areas of ground glass opacity and consolidation predominately in the periphery of the lungs are characteristic manifestations on chest CT and extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of this disease, which aids prompt diagnosis and the eventual control of this emerging global health emergency. • Among the infected patients, characteristic findings on CT imaging include multiple, patchy, ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation shadows, mainly distributed in the peripheral and subpleural areas of both lungs, which are very helpful for the frontline clinicians. The typical chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 include multiple, peripheral, bilateral, patchy, sub-segmental, or segmental ground glass opacities and areas of consolidation, which are mostly distributed along the bronchovascular bundles and subpleural space. Furthermore, in the currently available reports, the most common chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients are the peripheral areas of ground glass opacity/consolidation (without subpleural sparing) which are bilateral in distribution [21] [22] [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292100-3ls0po4k author = Krishna, Sanjeev title = Repurposing antimalarials to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1573 sentences = 86 flesch = 39 summary = Artemisinins have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. The basis for wanting to repurpose hydroxychloroquine derived from in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (the causative agent of COVID-19), its affordability and well understood safety profile in other conditions, and small uncontrolled studies suggesting antiviral and clinical benefits in patients. Another ACT, mefloquine-artesunate has also shown potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 [4] with increased drug concentration in lung tissue, a potential clinical advantage in COVID-19 (Table 1) . In addition to their in vitro SARS-CoV-2 effects as noted above, artemisinins, including artesunate, also have anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory effects of artesunate in a range of disease states are detailed below and suggest that artemisinins may be beneficial in managing COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2, which induces COVID-19, causes Kawasaki-like disease in children: role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines cache = ./cache/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292173-95t89yee author = Villani, Federico Alcide title = COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4583 sentences = 260 flesch = 49 summary = Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate preventive measures in dental practice by assessing the operator and patient health protection during the new COVID-19 emergency by considering past experiences in terms of prevention, as the virus was only recently discovered. In addition, a second search was made: "masks" OR "disinfectants" OR "PPE" OR "dental equipment" AND "Covid-19" OR "coronavirus" OR "SARS-CoV-2". instead obtained diametrically opposing results; they showed, through a randomized controlled clinical study on 3591 subjects, that health workers who used N95 masks continuously during the shift or in situations considered to be at high risk, presented an 85% chance of not contracting a viral infection transmitted via droplets [36] . cache = ./cache/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291770-xqp4labe author = Attwood, Sophie title = How will the COVID-19 pandemic shape the future of meat consumption? date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2824 sentences = 136 flesch = 56 summary = Here, we discuss how the current pandemic has already begun to shift public awareness of illnesses linked to animals and has resulted in short-term changes in patterns of meat consumption. Past zoonotic outbreaks, such as SARS and swine flu, are also referred to, and we find that these led to similar short-term reductions in meat intake, a shift in the type of meat chosen and longer-lasting impacts on consumer perceptions of the health risks associated with meat. We conclude that, if immediate changes in eating patterns as a result of COVID-19 are retained in the longer term, one possible opportunity to emerge from the current pandemic may be a shift away from overconsumption of meat, leading to potential health and environmental benefits in the longer term. While risk perceptions are by no means the sole determinant of meat consumption, with consumers valuing taste, price and convenience above ethical or health concerns (38) , this research does highlight the far-reaching impact that media coverage of food-related risks can have on consumer behaviour. cache = ./cache/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292054-x0saq938 author = Hashizume, Misato title = Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3798 sentences = 182 flesch = 43 summary = Given physiological roles of IL-6 in inflammatory conditions and the data from real world, IL-6 signal inhibitors, along with standard of care (SOC) treatment, might provide efficacy, offering the potential to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized populations more effectively than current SOC alone. Therefore, on-going and planned randomized placebo-controlled studies in combination with SOC and other therapeutics to assess safety and efficacy of IL-6 signal inhibitors in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia will be warranted to address the high unmet need and burden of disease in this severely ill population. Elevated tissue and serum levels of IL-6 have been implicated in the disease pathology of several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including multiple myeloma, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Castleman disease, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TAK), systemic sclerosis, and cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), and targeting of the IL-6 pathway has led to innovative therapeutic approaches for various rheumatic conditions such as RA, JIA, AOSD, GCA, TAK, and others such as Castleman disease or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced CRS [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291916-5yqc3zcx author = Hozhabri, Hossein title = The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16737 sentences = 847 flesch = 45 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292144-jprbp1ua author = Song, Haitao title = Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3868 sentences = 210 flesch = 59 summary = Based on the dynamical analysis and data fitting, the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan is estimated and the effects of control measures including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are investigated. [10] developed a mathematical model base on the epidemiology of COVID-19, computed the basic reproduction number, predicted the final size of COVID-19 in China, and investigated the effects of isolation of healthy people, confirmed cases and close contacts on the transmission of COVID-19 in China. To estimate the spread of COVID-19 by January 23 and assess the effectiveness of control measures including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE, a mathematical model with immigration from Wuhan to Henan Province is built. Using the mathematical model, the size of the epidemic on January 23 is estimated, the peak time and value, and the cumulative number of cases without interventions including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are simulated, and the effectiveness of interventions is assessed. cache = ./cache/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291820-x4a4c4pv author = Nogueira, Marcelo Saito title = Ultraviolet-based biophotonic technologies for control and prevention of COVID-19, SARS and related disorders date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1104 sentences = 59 flesch = 32 summary = With this in mind, this letter focuses on encouraging researchers and companies to develop safe and reliable ultraviolet (UV) light technology to be used for decontamination of PPE as well as environmental surface disinfection, food safety, possible production vaccines based on ultraviolet-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19) and SARS-CoV. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies [4] , including the implementation of precautions against droplet, contact and airborne transmission, aerosol-generating procedures, and support treatments of COVID-19. These strategies include using ultraviolet (UV) light-based innovations to decontaminate N95 and SN95 respirators, robot-controlled UV surface disinfection in hospital rooms, and microbial inactivation on food safety applications. With the discussed clinical and safety needs in mind, UV-based optical and biophotonic technologies can significantly help overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic as well as prove its safe use in research and industry. cache = ./cache/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292234-8o4kfhe1 author = Cox, Louis Anthony title = Should air pollution health effects assumptions be tested? Fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality as an example date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8108 sentences = 325 flesch = 40 summary = One purpose of this paper is to discuss and illustrate how nonparametric and graphical (Bayesian network) methods can help to implement this approach in practice, taking as an illustrative example the question of whether a data set provides evidence that past levels of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution increase risks of COVID-19-associated mortality. The WoE approach does not require that causal judgments have more precise conceptual or operational meanings (e.g., distinguishing between necessary, sufficient, or contributing causes; or between direct and indirect effects; or providing an explicit philosophical or logical basis for defining causal effect); or make unambiguous predictions (e.g., about whether or by how much reducing air pollution levels would reduce health risks, given levels of other causally relevant variables); or that such predictions be tested against data before the conclusions are accepted and used to make policy recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292296-nocmabcg author = Shang, L. title = Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1574 sentences = 81 flesch = 46 summary = This paper was the first to report the clinical characteristics of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a Fangcang shelter hospital. As Fangcang shelter hospitals or their equivalents are being built worldwide, it is important to investigate the laboratory characteristics of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to optimise patient management. Identifying risk factors for disease progression in individuals with mild-to-moderate disease is important for optimal triage and management of patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals or their equivalents around the world. Although the names and admission criteria may differ among facilities, the core concept is to completely isolate mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals, not in homes, thus reducing household and community transmission. Fangcang shelter hospitals are a novel approach for responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and have provided isolation, triage, timely and high-quality medical care, disease monitoring and referral, and social engagement for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292260-4zw08scs author = Mohamed-Hussein, A. title = Post-COVID-19 Functional Status: Relation to age, smoking, hospitalization and comorbidities date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2373 sentences = 134 flesch = 52 summary = Aim of the study: To assess the Post COVID-19 functional status in Egypt and to evaluate if age, gender, comorbidities have any effect on functional limitations in recovered COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, there was a substantial variance between the score of PCFS with age (P= 0.003), gender (P= 0.014), the duration since the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 (P <0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P<0.001), need for ICU admittance (P= 0.003), previous periodic influenza vaccination (P<0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001) and lastly the presence of any comorbid disorder (P <0.001). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182618 doi: medRxiv preprint COVID-19 symptoms onset (P <0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P <0.001), ICU admission (P = 0.003), seasonal influenza vaccination (P <0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001) and lastly the presence of any comorbid disorders (P <0.001) Table ( 3). cache = ./cache/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292235-ckm89lnm author = Kummer, Benjamin R. title = History of Stroke Is Independently Associated With In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1602 sentences = 88 flesch = 47 summary = Using our institutional data warehouse, we identified all adult patients who were admitted to the hospital between March 1, 2020 and May 1, 2020 and had a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the emergency department. 1,2 Several recent studies have suggested that cerebrovascular disease is associated with a nonsignificant trend toward in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19, but these results have been limited by small sample sizes. In this descriptive, observational study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that history of stroke was independently associated with in-hospital death. Available data are limited on the relationship between history of stroke and in-hospital death among patients with COVID-19. 8, 9 CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found a significant and independent association between history of stroke and in-hospital death. cache = ./cache/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author = Guillamet, C. V. title = TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3737 sentences = 223 flesch = 52 summary = Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24and 48-hours post ICU admission. SOFA scores for triage in a COVID-19 pandemic may then not discriminate who would benefit from intubation and only be useful late in a patient's course, after they have received multiple days or weeks of mechanical ventilation. TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for predicting hospital mortality after 24 hours of ICU treatment of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. We also performed an external validation of the TACS 24-hour mortality model on 1,1175 ICU patients to Washington University/BJH treated between 2016-19. We have developed an initial model of a respiratory oriented Toward a COVID 19 Score designed to be useful in possible triage decisions and to compare outcomes from various treatment approaches in the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292312-cwrqorn1 author = Sales, M. J. T. title = Fernando de Noronha: how an island controlled the community transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4329 sentences = 250 flesch = 56 summary = Conclusion: Despite high levels of COVID-19 in Pernambuco, continued exposure through the provision of essential services from the mainland, and lack of direction from national authorities, FNA was able to implement a series of prevention measures unique in Brazil that contained the epidemic on the island. These included imposing a lockdown, promoting physical distancing and providing emergency assistance to the neediest families; enhancing testing for Sars-Cov-2, including monitoring of arriving travelers, restricting access to the island and the initiation of the cohort study described here to estimate the incidence and prevalence of Covid-19. First we reviewed data extracted from the following sources: 1) demographic and socioeconomic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 8 ; 2) state and district decrees and 4 ordinances; 3) number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 reported by the Pernambuco State Health Department; 4) flights and passengers from the National Aviation Agency 5 ; and 5) information provided by local authorities and residents. cache = ./cache/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292295-57copxdc author = Grigoletto, Isis title = Recovery after COVID-19: The potential role of pulmonary rehabilitation date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 956 sentences = 71 flesch = 43 summary = Data from studies that investigated the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function and exercise capacity demonstrated impairment in lung function in up to 23% of patients at 1-year follow up as well as a reduction in exercise capacity when compared to predicted values in a normal population. 7, 8 Given the intensive medical management for people with severe/critical COVID-19, which can include prolonged mechanical ventilation, sedation, and use of neuromuscular blocking agents, this specific population may be at high risk of developing intensive care unit acquired weakness: a disease that has long-term effects on symptoms and physical function. The 1-year impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in a cohort of survivors Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors cache = ./cache/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292195-k07io2qo author = Staib, Andrew title = Emergency Medicine’s COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1445 sentences = 80 flesch = 48 summary = In this new normal, Emergency Departments face the triple challenge of: 1) Management of COVID-19 patients EDs will continue to contribute to the management of confirmed COVID cases which are expected to occur as part of low-level community transmission and localized outbreaks and clusters. The pre-existing challenges of meeting increasing demand for Emergency care with limited resources will be compounded by the economic, social and health challenges that are as yet unquantified but are predictable consequences of Australia and New Zealand"s initial (and so As we move to a normalisation of ED attendances and the re-introduction of elective hospital activity, increased pressure on the available physical and human resources required to meet the demand of potential COVID cases will be felt. To successfully meet the triple challenge, hospitals and their Emergency Departments will need to develop refined dedicated "potential COVID" capability with appropriate staffing and physical resourcing. cache = ./cache/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292201-e7k7gn9q author = Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe title = Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1282 sentences = 69 flesch = 52 summary = In new guidelines published on June 5 th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. In new guidelines published on June 5 th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. Recent online surveys in 206,729 persons residing in nine low-and middle-income countries showed that 32.7%-99.7% of respondents used face masks with significantly differences across age groups and sexes. 2 The new recommendations state that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear masks in specific situations and settings where physical distancing cannot be achieved, as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292372-kn27ghlv author = de Chaisemartin, Clément title = BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2819 sentences = 151 flesch = 56 summary = Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate, thus allowing us to estimate the BCG's effect without the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths [7] . In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. For instance, this study estimates the effect of universal BCG vaccination for individuals born around April 1st 1975, who are in their mid-forties during the COVID-19 pandemic, and cannot be generalized to the entire population. cache = ./cache/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292274-upwn9o2m author = Ghaffari, Abdi title = COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform? date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4648 sentences = 244 flesch = 44 summary = While IgM and IgG antibodies have been the leading candidates in COVID-19 serological test development, recent studies show that IgA, predominately present in the mucosal tissue, may also play a critical role in the immune response and disease progression [12] . While IgM and IgG antibodies have been the leading candidates in COVID-19 serological test development, recent studies show that IgA, predominately present in the mucosal tissue, may also play a critical role in the immune response and disease progression [12] . Typically, RDT test strips use a drop of blood to detect the presence of patient antibodies (IgG, IgM, or IgA) produced against a specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen ( Figure 2 ). Critics point to gaps in our understanding of immune response to COVID-19 infection, including the ability of serological tests to detect neutralizing antibodies and the capacity of the immune system to provide long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292345-zc209dfx author = Carroll, Elizabeth title = Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1580 sentences = 90 flesch = 51 summary = Although it has been noted that COVID-19 may increase risk for acute cerebrovascular events, including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke [2] , to our knowledge, this is the first report of patients with COVID-19 who had catastrophic intracranial hemorrhages. To address this, Thachil noted that use of anticoagulation in patients with elevated D-dimers may decrease mortality by both preventing thrombi and dampening the inflammatory response triggered by COVID-19 [7] . Thus, at our center, it was decided that therapeutic anticoagulation should be initiated empirically for patients with COVID-19 who have a D-dimer > 10,000 ng/ mL and considered for patients who have a D-dimer between 2000 and < 10,000 ng/mL using treatment dose enoxaparin or heparin titrated to a low therapeutic anti-Xa goal of 0.3-0.5 U/mL. cache = ./cache/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292331-j3dk6h68 author = Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho title = COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 448 sentences = 38 flesch = 59 summary = His 67-year-old wife (patient 2), who also accompanied him on the trip, developed the same symptoms the next day. Upon examination, he was afebrile, with severe dyspnea, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation of 90%, normotensive, acyanotic. Chest radiography is not sensitive for the early detection of the disease and may demonstrate normal findings in the initial stage of infection 1,2 , and is not recommended as the first-line imaging modality for COVID-19. High-resolution chest CT is the most effective radiological examination for the early detection of lung involvement by COVID-19. The largest sample study to date has shown that, among 3,665 confirmed cases, in 95.5% (n = 3,498) of the patients, pulmonary impairment was correctly diagnosed by CT 1 , which provides valuable information for diagnosis and evaluates the severity of lung disease caused by COVID-19, guiding clinical treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292180-sjmeyhan author = Guzman-Prado, Yuli title = Retraction of studies on potential drug therapies for COVID-19: A call for reliability and scientific integrity date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 549 sentences = 26 flesch = 42 summary = The author of this paper recently discussed the findings on cardiovascular safety of the controversial use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the treatment of COVID-19 reported in observational studies, stressing the need of high quality large randomized controlled trials in order to assess the effectiveness and safety of these drugs and other potential therapies for COVID-19 One of the commented studies (2) , which reported a decrease in the in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of de-novo ventricular arrhythmias with the use of CQ or HCQ, was recently retracted by three of the four authors, causing controversy in the scientific community and raising serious concerns on the reliability of published papers and the transparency and accountability of researchers particularly in the midst of this global health crisis. Likewise, a different study conducted by Mehra, et al (3) assessed the relationship of cardiovascular disease and drug therapy with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292396-8w06oc5i author = Leger, Thomas title = Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3373 sentences = 209 flesch = 57 summary = OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to assess the ability of low-dose CT (LDCT) to determine lung involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and to describe a COVID19-LDCT severity score. The objective is to evaluate the ability of (LDCT) to analyze well-known imaging abnormalities as well as to establish a COVID19-LDCT score reflecting disease severity and correlate it with clinical risk scores to allow better selection and follow-up of patients. For each patient, the following clinical parameters were recorded: age, sex, date of first symptoms, date of chest CT scan, delay between the first symptom and chest CT scan, fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, rhinorrhea, abnormalities at lung auscultation, temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygen needed. The main findings of the presented work are that 1) LDCT scans can depict the typical features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with limited irradiation; and 2) the COVID19-LDCT score is correlated with the NEWS used routinely to assess disease severity and patient prognosis. cache = ./cache/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292156-chmyzmq0 author = Battiato, Concetto title = Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the epidemiology of orthopedics trauma in a region of central Italy date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 757 sentences = 53 flesch = 54 summary = • Italy is among the most affected countries by COVID-19; • The general lockdown significantly reduced road accident traumas, high energy traumas and sport injuries; • Domestic accidents or fall related traumas do not seem to show any variations. [1] Comparing the same periods in 2019 and 2020, it can be seen how the COVID-19 outbreak had a relevant impact on orthopedic surgical treatments, its frequency, type of fracture, anatomical location involved. It is also interesting to note that the epidemiology of orthopaedic trauma has decreased with equal distribution between the upper and lower limbs, but fractures of femur, elbow and humerus that often are due to domestic accidents, have remained stable. Future studies with a larger number of patients and a longer observation period are needed to evaluate the real impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiology of orthopedic trauma surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292407-7xjw1lsb author = Gil, Holly title = 48-year-old with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 650 sentences = 53 flesch = 61 summary = CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old male who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of an upper respiratory infection was seen at an urgent care, he had a negative chest radiograph and was discharged. With no other cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state, the patient presented to the emergency department two days later with worsening shortness of breath. CXR and computed tomography (CT) were done in the ED, and it was later confirmed he was infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 1 which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 3, 4 While there are over a dozen non-specific findings suggestive of COVID-19 on CT, those with the highest discriminatory values were ground-glass opacities (GGO), and GGO that are bilateral and/or peripheral in distribution (Image 2). Bilateral and/or peripheral airspace opacities on radiographs and computed tomography can help suggest infection before testing results are available. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection cache = ./cache/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292417-hauq93v2 author = Xue, Mingshan title = Predictive effects of IgA and IgG combination to assess pulmonary exudation progression in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2585 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = In severe COVID‐19 patients, the combination of IgA and IgG can predict the progress of pulmonary lesions and is closely related to hypoxemia and both also play an important defense role in invasion and destruction of bronchial and alveolar epithelium by SARS‐CoV‐2. In severe COVID-19 patients, the combination of IgA and IgG can predict the progress of pulmonary lesions and is closely related to hypoxemia and both also play an important defense role in invasion and destruction of bronchial and alveolar epithelium by SARS-CoV-2. In our study, the level of IgG and increased to highest when the first symptoms began, and IgA peaked after admission 15-20 days, which were earlier than the chest PA & LAT and CT to the maximum lung exudation area, and both showed significant correlation with the oxygen partial pressure difference (A-aDO 2 ) and oxygenation index (OI) of arterial alveolar blood. cache = ./cache/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292423-jupcit75 author = Narkhede, Rohan R. title = Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2709 sentences = 134 flesch = 47 summary = With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We proposed some natural products including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene as potential candidate for exerting the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using molecular docking study. The results acquired after docking analysis in terms of ligand binding affinity (kcal/mol), the interaction of natural products with the COVID-19 main protease, and the drug-like properties were shown in (Table 1 ). A promising binding to the COVID-19 main protease was observed in the case of rhein and berberine where both natural products were found to exhibit an affinity of − 8.9 and − 8.1 kcal/mol respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292386-hfbgigj6 author = Borges, Lysandro Pinto title = Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3897 sentences = 219 flesch = 49 summary = In order to support the ongoing public health response, all participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were contacted by phone by staff from the designated authorities to track the infection. The importance of NPIs on reducing the infection rate was observed in Vo, Italy, where prevalence estimates showed a significant decrease after a period of lockdown, suggesting that viral transmission could be effectively suppressed by combining the early isolation of detected cases with social distancing total assessed cases in that city [CI, 11.5% -21.4%]) and 12 (5.9% of the total assessed cases in that city [CI, 3.1% -10.1%]) cases; Itabaiana, that presented 55 (14.8% of the total assessed cases in that city [CI, 11.4 -18.9]) and 17 of the total assessed cases in that city (5.4% [CI, 3.1% -8.4%]) cases, being the three cities with the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state. cache = ./cache/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292341-uo54ghf3 author = Cocconcelli, Elisabetta title = Clinical Features and Chest Imaging as Predictors of Intensity of Care in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5195 sentences = 249 flesch = 47 summary = Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . This is a retrospective analysis of clinical features and radiographic severity scores in patients with COVID-19 and how these parameters on hospital admission correlate with different levels of medical care (i.e., HIMC vs. cache = ./cache/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292347-d7xq7x5g author = Carter, Linda J. title = Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3426 sentences = 227 flesch = 51 summary = 375 While RT-PCR-based viral RNA detection has been widely 376 used in diagnosis of COVID-19, it cannot be used to monitor 377 the progress of the disease stages and cannot be applied to 378 broad identification of past infection and immunity. 46,47 410 The determination of SARS-CoV-2 exposure relies largely 411 on the detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies that are 412 specific for various viral antigens including, but not exclusively, 413 the spike glycoprotein (S1 and S2 subunits, receptor-binding 414 domain) and nucleocapsid protein. While RT-PCR has been 571 the dominant technique for detection of viral RNA, other 572 nucleic acid assays including isothermal amplification assays, 573 hybridization microarray assays, amplicon-based metagenomics 574 sequencing, and the cutting-edge CRISPR-related technologies 575 are also under development or have resulted in approved 576 tests. cache = ./cache/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292378-mz3cvc0p author = Bone, A. E. title = Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3910 sentences = 219 flesch = 59 summary = In England and Wales, official mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveal that during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic, (7 th March to 15th May), there were over 41,000 COVID-19 deaths, most occurring in hospital (65%), with 28% in care homes and few elsewhere (7%). The objectives are: 1) to explore trends in place of death; 2) to explore the age and gender distribution of baseline deaths, COVID-19 deaths and additional deaths; 3) to estimate the proportion of people who died from COVID-19 who would have been in their last year of life, and differences by age; 4) to use this information to discuss implications for palliative care provision, service planning, and research. Using routine data and modelling scenarios to understand mortality patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, we highlight that care homes temporarily became the most common place to die in England and Wales, and that hospital and home deaths increased by over 50% while deaths in hospices fell by 20%. cache = ./cache/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292350-cmrtg91a author = Mondal, Samhati title = Thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients: A brief narrative review date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4000 sentences = 207 flesch = 29 summary = Table 1 & 2 summarize the various thrombotic complications noted in COVID-19 patients as published as of June 6 th , 2020 obtained by a literature search on PubMed and EMBASE using combinations of the following MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-COV2, novel corona virus, thrombosis, thromboembolic complications, pulmonary embolism. Clinical signs and symptoms of thrombosis such as cutaneous manifestations ("COVID toe") [84] , overt line thrombosis, arterial or venous clots, unexplained increase in oxygen requirement, or organ dysfunction should raise suspicion and prompt further investigation and/or discussion about therapeutic intervention [7] As new information becomes available, it appears increasingly important to routinely monitor platelet count, PT/aPTT, d-dimer, and fibrinogen to assist in anticipating and managing thrombotic complications. ICU patients positive for COVID-19 with elevated d-dimer levels and/or clinico-radiological suspicion for thrombosis as noted above should be considered for therapeutic anticoagulation only after careful assessment of their bleeding risk. cache = ./cache/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292493-lx7zfgoi author = Firstenberg, Michael S. title = Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2352 sentences = 116 flesch = 50 summary = Few specific guidelines are available to outline the steps necessary to adequately maintain appropriate isolation precautions in patients who require emergent surgical interventions and who are either confirmed SARS-CoV2 or who are awaiting the results of testing. The purpose of this discussion is to outline the steps our U.S. institution undertook in managing a patient who required emergent cardiac surgery for an acute aortic syndrome who was presumptively infected, and did test positive on post-operative day two. Given the findings of pulmonary infiltrates, upon admission, he was placed in strict droplet and contact precautions in a negative air-flow Intensive Care Unit (ICU) room as a potential COVID-2019 case. Written surgical and anesthesia consent was obtained by the operating surgeon and anesthesiologist wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that included N-95 mask, face shield, gown, and gloves). cache = ./cache/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292490-djp9onk5 author = Verma, V. R. title = Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5732 sentences = 264 flesch = 46 summary = Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292501-2jv7xkfn author = Jiang, Saiping title = Liver Injury in Critically Ill and Non-critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4406 sentences = 237 flesch = 45 summary = Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. In the non-critically ill group, the univariate logistic analyses showed that the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol and the number of concomitant medications were significantly associated with liver injury ( Table 4) . Drug factors, including the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol and the number of concomitant medications were independent risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19, which may be due to drug interactions at the metabolic level. cache = ./cache/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292546-un0blb3w author = Dandachi, Dima title = Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients with HIV and Coronavirus Disease-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3438 sentences = 274 flesch = 57 summary = BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting. [12] [13] [14] [15] Some of these studies reported that PWH with COVID-19 had similar clinical characteristics and comparable risk of severe disease to the general population. Study variables included patient demographics, HIV-associated variables, underlying medical problems, COVID-19 clinical presentation as reported by patients, laboratory values, treatment, and clinical outcomes. In a multivariable analysis, older age, lower CD4 count, chronic lung disease, hypertension, and high comorbidity burden were significantly associated with severe outcomes (Table 4) . As reported in multiple other studies in people without HIV, we found that age, chronic lung disease, and comorbidity burden were associated with increased rates of severe outcomes. In addition, among HIV-specific factors, we found that a lower CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3) was associated with poor outcomes, including higher hospitalization rates, lower ICU-free survival, and overall survival. cache = ./cache/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292462-zbjig3pt author = Backhaus, Andreas title = Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of COVID-19 Data and Statistics date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 158 flesch = 58 summary = Daily data releases on confi rmed COVID-19 cases and deaths provide information on the course of the pandemic. In its simplest form, the case fatality rate divides the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 by the to-Forum hence be lower than the IFR (and the CFR). Recall that the computation of the CFR only requires the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 and the total number of confi rmed cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2. Italy and South Korea are among those countries that have published demographic characteristics of their confi rmed cases comparatively early and consistently over the course of the pandemic. Consequently, the IFR divides the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 by the total number of infections with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author = Liu, Fenglin title = Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5662 sentences = 259 flesch = 52 summary = For the study of infectious diseases like COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola, most of the literature used descriptive research or model methods to assess indicators and analyze the effect of interventions, such as combining migration data to evaluate the potential infection rate [18, 19] , understanding the impact of factors like environmental temperature and vaccines that might be potentially linked to the diseases [20, 21] , using basic and time-varying reproduction number (R 0 & R t ) to estimate changeable transmission dynamics of epidemic conditions [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] , calculating and predicting the fatal risk to display any stage of outbreak [28] [29] [30] , or providing suggestions and interventions from risk management and other related aspects based on the results of modeling tools or historical lessons [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . cache = ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292519-dod8k0xa author = Goldstein, Mark R title = Does apolipoprotein E genotype predict COVID-19 severity? date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 696 sentences = 36 flesch = 46 summary = A challenge facing the medical community caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is predicting who will eventually progress to severe illness and even death, which is usually from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1] . We hypothesize that the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype may predict the propensity to manifest rapid and severe illness with COVID-19. Of interest, apoE4 has also been associated with some of the comorbid risk factors associated with severe COVID-19, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension [4, 8] . Therefore, it is possible that having one or two copies of apoE4 predisposes one to be at high risk to progress to severe illness from SARS-CoV-2, by virtue of a sequence of robust innate immune response, followed by cytokine storm, and resulting ARDS. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances HIV-1 cell entry in vitro, and the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype accelerates HIV disease progression cache = ./cache/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author = Berardi, Giammauro title = Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4605 sentences = 222 flesch = 43 summary = As the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, we have hospitalized the first Italian COVID-19 patients and since then, our general surgery department had to face this reality [16] . Pancreatic resections, total gastrectomies, major hepatectomies, and multivisceral resections as well as liver and kidney transplantations were considered as the high-risk surgical procedures because of the increased likelihood of postoperative ICU admission. On January 31, 2020 (Day 0), the first two COVID-19-positive patients in Italy were admitted to the department of infectious diseases of our hospital with mild fever and atypical pneumonia requiring no invasive treatment. Considering only the transplantations and the operations performed for cancer, patients in the second period had fewer comorbidities, lower ASA score, CCI, and RCRI, being overall at lower risk of postoperative ICU admission (Table 3) . As an institutional policy, our transplant center remained opened and we decided to continue with our standard surgical oncology activity, improving selection of patients to limit the need for postoperative intensive care management. cache = ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292629-5kh46tks author = Divala, Titus title = Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 475 sentences = 34 flesch = 53 summary = To flatten the curve, some African governments have imposed stringent public health measures (lockdown) based on physical distancing to reduce transmission. We used Spiegelhalter's approach to compare age-group specific infection fatality ratios from COVID-19 to background (non-COVID-19) mortality risk in Malawi, South Africa, the UK, and India. 3-5 This assumes COVID-19 infection fatality ratios similar to China, but true age-specific casefatality rates might be higher with fragile health systems. We estimate that in the UK, having COVID-19 confers risk of death equivalent to approximately 12 months of background mortality risk, averaged across all age groups. By contrast, in Malawi this risk is equivalent to 4 months of background mortality (appendix). This reflects higher background mortality rates in Malawi, underscoring the fragility of health under normal circumstances. Without a context-specific, ethical approach to physical distancing, unintended harms from stringent lockdown could pose more harm than the direct effects of COVID-19 itself. cache = ./cache/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292544-m7jyydf1 author = Grau-Pujol, Berta title = Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for high-risk healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4575 sentences = 257 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with hydroxychloroquine against placebo in healthcare workers with high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in reducing their risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease during an epidemic period. As secondary endpoints, we will obtain: i) the SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the PrEP group compared to placebo during the 6 months of follow-up in healthcare workers with negative serology at day 0; ii) the occurrence of any adverse event related with hydroxychloroquine treatment; iii) the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the non-PrEP group, among the total of healthcare workers included in the non-PrEP group during the study period; iv) the risk ratio for the different clinical, analytical and microbiological conditions to develop COVID-19; v) a repository of serum samples obtained from healthcare workers confirmed COVID-19 cases for future research on blood markers to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292620-t8ocqm6g author = Somani, S. title = Characterization of Patients Who Return to Hospital Following Discharge from Hospitalization For COVID-19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2768 sentences = 171 flesch = 48 summary = Methods and Findings: Retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 discharged alive from five hospitals in New York City with index hospitalization between February 27th-April 12th, 2020, with follow-up of [≥]14 days. Of 2,864 discharged patients, 103 (3.6%) returned for emergency care after a median of 4.5 days, with 56 requiring inpatient readmission. Patients who returned had higher proportion of COPD and hypertension with shorter LOS on index hospitalization, and a trend towards lower rates of in-hospital treatment-dose anticoagulation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104604 doi: medRxiv preprint Certain index hospitalization laboratory values on discharge differed among patients who returned vs. Finally, returning patients had shorter LOS on index hospitalization with notably a lower frequency of ICU care and inpatient anticoagulation. Among patients discharged following admission for COVID-19, the rate of return to hospital was relatively low, with only half requiring readmission. cache = ./cache/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292698-w7wrwj95 author = Rothstein, Rachel title = School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: The Approach to Maintaining Student Health and Wellness During COVID-19 School Closures date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3056 sentences = 155 flesch = 53 summary = The extended durations of these closures present unique challenges, as many families rely on the school as a source of physical activity, mental health services, psychosocial support, child care, and food security. NASN also provides, "Guidance for School Nurses to Safely Send and Receive Resources Between School and Home During COVID-19," to ensure safe transfer of both student and school property, including backpacks, student medication, school supplies, electronic devices, and ongoing food services to socially and medically disadvantaged families (NASN, 2020). On the national level, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act includes a provision that expands protection for employees that during a public health emergency are unable to work due to a need for leave to care for their child because the school or day care has been closed or the child care provider is unavailable (Moss et al., 2020) . To provide families in your community with outdoor physical activities that follow social distancing guidelines, visit the Healthy Children website in Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292878-wbfi0v2x author = Merchant, Reshma A. title = The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1157 sentences = 56 flesch = 50 summary = Geriatricians worldwide continue to face different challenges including the reduction of the number of specialist geriatric units to augment manpower in managing COVID-19 patients (1, 2). While a lot of the resources are being channelled to manage the increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, frail older adults with multimorbidity continue to be admitted with very complex needs. Patients admitted to NUH are primarily those with fever and / or fulfilling the Singapore Ministry of Health case definition of COVID-19 requiring isolation or specialist input, while the rest of the patients are transferred to a nearby hospital which is part of the same cluster. Prior to the circuit breaker measures, we had a large group of older adults participating in Healthy Ageing Promotion Program For You (HAPPY) dual task exercise in the community. The presence of the geriatrician across settings from acute hospitals to the community is important in ensuring that older adults receive the best care and are not marginalised during the COVID-19 wave. cache = ./cache/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292751-tk1oggi9 author = Hosseini, Elahe Seyed title = The novel coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action, detection and recent therapeutic strategies date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3784 sentences = 222 flesch = 46 summary = Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, designated as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the February 11, 2020, is one of the highly pathogenic β‐coronaviruses which infects human. The previously reported viral zoonotic pathogens include SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) [3, 4] , that can cause severe respiratory disease in human [5, 6] . SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (which causes COVID19) , has fast spread like a pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [7] . Nowadays, Griffithsin, as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS spike, Remdesivir, favipiravir and ribavirin (nucleoside analogues), lopinavir/ritonavir (protease enzyme inhibitors) [61] , oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors), anti-inflammatory drugs and EK1 peptide [62] , the clinical potential to be applied against the 2019-nCoV infection [67, 68] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292826-lus0tqmi author = Joseph, Tony title = Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1267 sentences = 60 flesch = 46 summary = Injury 51 (2020) [1245] [1246] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Injury journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/injury Editorial Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal A pandemic is defined as an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly over a wide geographical area and infects a high proportion of a population. As we have seen with the current COVID-19 pandemic, some countries have managed to control spread early (eg Taiwan, Singapore, New Zealand and Australia) by immediate action involving physical distancing, widespread testing, contact tracing, isolation of positive cases and supportive treatment. Current recommendations [5] for the management of injured patients in a COVID-19 environment include bypassing the Emergency Department for uncomplicated injuries, minimising invasive procedures, in particular those that are AGPs, and providing surgical treatment that is only absolutely essential. Editorial / Injury 51 (2020) [1245] [1246] The COVID 19 pandemic presents challenges for trauma clinicians with the ongoing risk of virus transmission for both patients and clinical staff which will need to be managed over the coming months or longer. cache = ./cache/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292721-954nxptr author = Grey, Ian title = The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4649 sentences = 233 flesch = 49 summary = A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). In light of the foregoing discussion, the primary objective of our study was to comprehensively examine the role of perceived social support in relation to depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep quality amongst individuals undergoing social isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak. The first step in the analysis involved comparing scores for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), irritability (BITe), loneliness (UCLA-LS) and perceived social support (MSPSS) between those who reported being in quarantine/expiring selfisolation and those who were not. In the current study, perceived social support was observed to have significant inverse associations with anxiety, depression, loneliness, irritability and quality of sleep with higher levels of support related to lower scores on measures of these specific outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292666-6xer2cty author = Mansab, F. title = Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2725 sentences = 175 flesch = 63 summary = title: Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. Methods: A simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led triage systems from three countries with low case fatality rates (Singapore, Norway and Japan) and two countries with high case fatality rates (the USA and the UK). Results: Patient-led triage systems from Singapore, Japan and Norway maintained a low threshold for advising clinical contact for patients with possible COVID-19 (88 to 100% of cases were referred). Conclusion: In this simulation study, countries with low case fatality rates Singapore, Norway and Japan -, performed well, successfully identifying severe COVID-19 and triaging such cases to medical care. Case Scenario's were designed to test the public health advice and where available patient-led triage systems in relation to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292795-yc613g96 author = Hakeem, Abdul Rahman title = Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3863 sentences = 210 flesch = 54 summary = title: Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. An 18-point questionnaire explored their knowledge of COVID-19, awareness of recipient's high-risk status, interventions to minimize cross-infections and concerns of this patient group regarding the pandemic. An 18-point questionnaire explored their knowledge of COVID-19, awareness of recipient's high-risk status, interventions to minimize cross-infections and concerns of this patient group regarding the pandemic. Concerns were raised by the recipients mostly regarding the uncertainties of COVID-19 infection and its treatment options, the quality of information on social messaging platforms and lack of access to routine tests/immunosuppression levels due to lockdown/social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292508-unoeicq0 author = Teshome, Abinet title = Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4551 sentences = 226 flesch = 49 summary = These factors, together with the fear of being contagious and infecting others, physical exhaustion, inadequate personal equipment, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions on the rationing of care could increase the possibility of psychological issues among HCWs. 9,12-14 A study conducted in China reported that 13% of HCWs experienced anxiety during the fight against COVID-19. 15 Another study conducted on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore reported a 10.8% anxiety prevalence. The findings of this study are timely and would help the local program planners and policymakers to plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental psychological outcome of HCWs. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers working in Gamo, Gofa, Konso, and South Omo Zones of Southern Ethiopia from 20, May to 20, June 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292898-6m97l2uz author = Ríos-Silva, Mónica title = COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3467 sentences = 188 flesch = 50 summary = The variables included in this database were sex; age; whether the patient received outpatient care or required hospitalization; presence of pregnancy; smoking history; date of onset of symptoms, admission to hospital, and death if applicable; history of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or diagnosis of other unspecified comorbidity; presence of complications, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation required, and intensive care in intensive care unit (ICU). In the bivariate analysis, a χ 2 test was used to establish the association between the presence of pregnancy or a positive test and the presence of comorbidities reported in the database (DM, COPD, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and other comorbidity), as well as the association of pregnancy with the presence of complications (pneumonia, admission to ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, and/or death), the association between the presence of comorbidities and the type of care required by the patient (outpatient vs hospitalization), and the association of comorbidities and death. cache = ./cache/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292892-6gwnhkn4 author = Liu, Bingwen title = Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2708 sentences = 155 flesch = 36 summary = title: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? Although clinical data of IL-6 blockade in virus 162 infection-related CRS are unavailable, animal studies of SARS-CoV have 163 demonstrated that inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor 164 of IL-6, or infecting animals with SARS-CoV lacking the coronavirus envelope (E) 165 protein, a strong stimulus to NF-κB signaling, increased animal survival, with reduced 166 IL-6 levels [38] . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice FDA Approval Summary: Tocilizumab for Treatment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Induced Severe or Life-Threatening Cytokine Release Syndrome Tocilizumab for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome Successful treatment of severe paediatric rheumatic disease-associated macrophage activation syndrome with interleukin-1 inhibition following conventional immunosuppressive therapy: case series with 12 patients cache = ./cache/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292997-xbomgwzx author = Singh, Sandeep title = Takotsubo Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Published Cases date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2425 sentences = 140 flesch = 51 summary = We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify COVID-19-associated TTS case reports and evaluated patient-level demographics, clinical attributes, and outcomes. There are 12 cases reported of TTS associated with COVID-19 infection with mean age of 70.8 ± 15.2 years (range 43–87 years) with elderly (66.6% > 60 years) female (66.6%) majority. Despite a lower prevalence of cardiac comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, direct myocardial injury, inflammation, and stress may contribute to TTS with a high complication rate. However, limited data on TTS in COVID-19 patients with only a handful of case reports promoted us to systematically review the published cases and pertinent outcomes. Furthermore, a modest increase in cardiac troponin and ECG changes suggestive of myocardial injury was noted in all the cases, which is commonly seen in TTS [26] , and could mimic acute coronary syndrome (ACS). cache = ./cache/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292539-i10k2ld4 author = Majidi, Hadi title = High-resolution computed tomography finding in 552 patients with symptomatic COVID-19: first report from north of Iran date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2233 sentences = 125 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for computed tomography (CT) scan. CONCLUSION: In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients. The most common presented findings in patients were ground glass opacity (482 cases, 87.3%), peripheral distribution (455 Fig. 2 ). The meta-analysis conducted on the present study and other studies presented the peripheral distribution with 79% prevalence as the most common CT finding in these patients ( Table 3) . Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center's observational study Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study cache = ./cache/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292551-n3gzgn6w author = Pavarini, Gabriela title = Debate: Promoting capabilities for young people's agency in the COVID‐19 outbreak date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1262 sentences = 62 flesch = 45 summary = Inspired by Amartya Sen's capabilities framework, we argue that building capacity and creating opportunities for community and civic engagement during this time will help young people gain agency and well‐being. Providing capabilities for young people's agency not only builds personal resilience, but also strengthens the quality of our research, interventions and overall response to the global health crisis. In what follows, we position young people's agency as a critical capability (Singh, 2017) to be mobilised during COVID-19, and we highlight two key areas where this potential can be realised: coproduction of research, and peer-led interventions. In addition to active participation in research, it is also important to support young people in the design and delivery of peer-to-peer education and mental health interventions. However, such considerations should not form a priori reasons to conceptualise young people as capable primarily of passive participation in civic engagements, such as COVID-19-related research and peer support initiatives. cache = ./cache/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292880-zegtr19k author = Hu, Fuying title = Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3794 sentences = 242 flesch = 52 summary = title: Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Here, we reviewed medical records of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Tianmen, a city in Hubei province adjacent to Wuhan, to describe the clinical features, epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding of COVID-19. Time from illness onset to hospital admission (P < 0.001), radiographic extent (P = 0.002), lymphocyte count (P = 0.038), albumin (P = 0.046), hs-CRP (P = 0.010), and prescription of antibiotics (P < 0.001), arbidol (P = 0.020), oseltamivir (P <0.001), corticosteroid (P < 0.001) and immunoglobulin (P < 0.001) were also associated with prolonged viral shedding. In the present study, we described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients in Tianmen city, Hubei province, and concluded that delayed admission, and prescription of corticosteroid and oseltamivir were significantly associated with prolonged viral shedding. cache = ./cache/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292502-m76rne1l author = Cheema, S. title = The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2728 sentences = 129 flesch = 48 summary = Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. cache = ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292894-p3099zpb author = de Oliveira, Rodrigo Ribeiro title = Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19 date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3310 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = Lung and pleural ultrasound has become very important in the assessment of patients in emergency and intensive care units. Patients bedridden for some time may have thickened septa, especially in the posterior regions (decubitus-dependent), which would lead to the presence of up to two B-lines per intercostal space, an aspect that still represents the absence of significant changes (11, 14) . In the context of COVID-19, multiple coalescent B-lines on ultrasound configure a white lung pattern and correlate with ground-glass opacities identified on CT (15) (Figure 6 ). The presence of scattered coalescent B-lines across the lung parenchyma, in addition to thickening and pleural Figure 12 . Findings such as pleural thickening, presence of more than two B or coalescent B-lines per intercostal space, Figure 14 . The presence of pleural thickening, a hypoechogenic image with irregular contours, compatible with subpleural consolidation, less than 2.0 cm, and discrete C-lines are identified with the linear transducer in the intercostal space. cache = ./cache/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292561-iy06b9h9 author = Miesbach, Wolfgang title = COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4889 sentences = 262 flesch = 45 summary = The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. 5 While most patients show only mild symptoms, 6 a characteristic feature of COVID-19 is that a proportion of patients develop severe complications within a short time after infection, such as adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis followed by organ failure, and death. 15 These laboratory changes are consistent with previous studies which showed that hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and C-reactive protein 4 mg/dL were the predictive factors for the progression of pneumonia to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV-infected patients and that elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were associated with hospital-acquired infection with SARS-CoV. cache = ./cache/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292988-q1yz9y8k author = Zumla, Alimuddin title = Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3157 sentences = 174 flesch = 39 summary = title: Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. It appears that all three lethal zoonotic coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CV-2 seem to induce excessive and aberrant host immune responses which are associated with severe lung pathology leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Li G et al, 2020; Li G et al, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292952-z7ajsf2r author = Wong, Anselm title = COVID‐19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1425 sentences = 97 flesch = 53 summary = One of the repercussions of promotion of medications/treatments prior to the results of large robust clinical trials being available is that people may start to self-medicate and potentially overdose. As emergency doctors, we need to be able to tease out the disease process of COVID-19 from potential side effects of trial medications or overdose of these. A small (n = 42), non-randomised open label trial showed decreased viral load in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (600 mg daily for 10 days) and azithromycin. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection and requiring oxygen: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292835-zzc1a7id author = Otoom, Mwaffaq title = An IoT-based Framework for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5253 sentences = 328 flesch = 58 summary = The proposed system would employ an Internet of Things (IoTs) framework to collect real-time symptom data from users to early identify suspected coronaviruses cases, to monitor the treatment response of those who have already recovered from the virus, and to understand the nature of the virus by collecting and analyzing relevant data. To quickly identify potential coronaviruses cases from this real-time symptom data, this work proposes eight machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Decision Table, Decision Stump, OneR, and ZeroR. Based on these results we believe that real-time symptom data would allow these five algorithms to provide effective and accurate identification of potential cases of COVID-19, and the framework would then document the treatment response for each patient who has contracted the virus. The proposed framework consists of five main components: (1) real-time symptom data collection (using wearable devices), (2) treatment and outcome records from quarantine/isolation centers, (3) a data analysis center that uses machine learning algorithms, (4) healthcare physicians, and (5) a cloud infrastructure. cache = ./cache/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292792-goh51sya author = Pascual Gómez, Natalia F. title = Potenciales biomarcadores predictores de mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2969 sentences = 314 flesch = 61 summary = Nuestro objetivo principal con este estudio fue identificar qué marcadores séricos realizados en la primera analítica de urgencias pueden ayudarnos, junto a parámetros clínicos, a estratificar según riesgo de mortalidad a 30 días a los pacientes con sospecha de infección por SARS-COV-2 que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas (sexo, edad) clínicas (Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), Severity Score for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CURB65), fiebre (T ≥ 37,8ºC), tos, mortalidad a 30 días) enfermedades concomitantes y hábitos tóxicos (hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM), dislipemia (DL), hábito tabáquico), la presencia de infiltrados en la radiografía de tórax, test de rRT-PCR para COVID-19 y los siguientes parámetros analíticos (leucocitos totales, linfocitos totales, neutrófilos totales, hematocrito, dímero-D, glucosa, urea, creatinina, sodio, GOT, GPT, LDH, GGT, pH arterial y venoso y lactato). El presente estudio muestra que leucocitos totales>11.000 cél/mm 3 , creatinina>1,1 mg/dL, glucosa >126 mg/dL junto con la edad >75 años de pacientes con sospecha de COVID-19, con independencia del sexo, son factores que podrían utilizarse para crear un Score de riesgo de aplicación en Urgencias por asociarse de manera independiente con la mortalidad global a los 30 días. cache = ./cache/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292912-ufcvecwo author = Qiu, Ruijin title = Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review date = 2020-03-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1871 sentences = 140 flesch = 49 summary = 1. This review is the first to describe variation in outcomes, outcome measurement instruments and outcome measurement time reporting in clinical trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review is the first to evaluate the outcome reporting of protocols of TCM and western medicine clinical trials for treating COVID-19. Clinical Controlled Trial for Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia A randomized controlled trial of integrated TCM and Western Medicine in the treatment of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia A single arm study for combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) A single arm study for evaluation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia Clinical Study for Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293127-c27qh5y7 author = Monteleone, Pedro AA title = A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4508 sentences = 224 flesch = 47 summary = In this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID-19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women, and discuss the current evidence of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and its potential consequences for assisted reproductive treatments. The current outbreak of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 and subsequently spread to many other countries. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses known to cause symptoms ranging from a common cold to more severe diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syn A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments Pedro AA Monteleone 1,2 , Mayra Nakano 1,2 , Victor Lazar 1 , Alecsandra P Gomes 1 , (Drosten et al., 2003; Ksiazek et al., 2003) , and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was the pathogen responsible for severe respiratory disease outbreaks in the Middle East in 2012 (Zaki et al., 2012) . cache = ./cache/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292611-5os99sve author = Lopes, Renato D. title = Anticoagulation in COVID-19: It Is Time for High-Quality Evidence date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 221 sentences = 26 flesch = 26 summary = key: cord-292611-5os99sve cord_uid: 5os99sve There are many challenges to conducting randomized controlled trials, especially in the face of a pandemic, but they are necessary to determine whether and how treatments affect outcomes. Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: awareness of an increased prevalence Evidence-based practical guidance for the antithrombotic management in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020 COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC State-ofthe-Art Review Anticoagulation, bleeding, mortality, and pathology in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Randomized trials versus common sense and clinical observation: JACC Review Topic of the Week Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients Heparin thromboprophylaxis in medical-surgical critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients COVID-19, randomized controlled trials JACC cache = ./cache/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292978-qfw1uqvp author = Thakrar, Amit title = Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3374 sentences = 183 flesch = 55 summary = title: Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom We collected data on time to surgery, Clinical Frailty Scale score, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality, and cause of death. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant increase in 30-day mortality among hip fracture patients during the first 30 days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The objective of our study is to investigate and describe associated risk factors for 30-day mortality of patients with hip fractures in a single center for a 1-month follow-up period since "day 0" of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. We collected data on patient demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), time to surgery, operation type, COVID-19 testing, COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality, and cause of death. cache = ./cache/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293086-6282sb6b author = Liddell, Kathleen title = Who gets the ventilator? Important legal rights in a pandemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5502 sentences = 268 flesch = 48 summary = 2 As a result, at present, the only central guidance comes from the 'COVID-19 Rapid Guideline' issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which recommends triaging admission to the ICU based on frailty assessments, but provides little concrete guidance on how to allocate or re-allocate ventilators once a patient is in the ICU. At present, the prognostic tools required to produce an effective decision support system (triage protocol) are lacking along with most of the infrastructure, processes, legal protections, and training for critical care triage.' 13 It is difficult to attribute relative probabilities of survival to patients, or to anticipate length of bed stay, with a novel disease like COVID-19. Thus, if ventilation is clinically indicated, it is doubtful that doctors can Current controversy unilaterally decide to withhold care on the grounds that a scarce resource would be more effectively used on future (anticipated) patients. cache = ./cache/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292987-e481oa2i author = Repici, Alessandro title = Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1129 sentences = 65 flesch = 48 summary = The aim of this survey was to investigate the burden of COVID-19 on endoscopic activity in a highrisk area of COVID-19 outbreak, approaches to evaluating patients, adoption and compliance of HCP with protective measures, and initial possible viral transmission outcomes from endoscopy units within a large, community-based setting (both between patients and healthcare personnel and between healthcare personnel). Most routine procedures have been cancelled or postponed, limiting endoscopy to urgent cases; we outline here the variability of approaches taken in different centers. In addition, all endoscopy units are in hospitals with at least one case of COVID-19, and in more than half of the Departments, procedures were performed in infected/high-risk patients. Most endoscopy units limited their activity to urgent cases, including also patients at high-risk of cancer, such as FIT+. The second relevant result of our survey is the fact that at least one in every 2 endoscopy units is directly involved in emergent or urgent procedures in COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author = Ashikalli, Louicia title = The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4936 sentences = 256 flesch = 52 summary = It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293167-3bd3adip author = Nepal, Gaurav title = Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5534 sentences = 311 flesch = 44 summary = Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have presented with a mild clinical course: beginning with fever and dry cough, progressing to a form of mild or moderate respiratory disease, and resolving without specific treatment [2] . A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported that six (2.8%) patients, out of the 214 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed ischemic stroke. A retrospective observational study from a different center in Wuhan, China, found eleven (5.0%) patients, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed acute ischemic stroke. Those who had COVID-19 infection with new onset of ischemic stroke were more likely to have a severe SARS-CoV-2 presentation, an advanced age (71.6 ± 15.7 years versus 52.1 ± 15.3 years), and preexisting cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and previous cerebrovascular disease. A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported one (0.45%) patient, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, who developed intracerebral hemorrhage. cache = ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293174-4ucqudn4 author = Sun, Ziheng title = Community venue exposure risk estimator for the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6315 sentences = 368 flesch = 59 summary = To increase public awareness of exposure risks in daily activities, we propose a birthday-paradox-based probability model to implement in a web-based system, named COSRE (community social risk estimator) and make in-time community exposure risk estimation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We define exposure risk to mean the probability of people meeting potential cases in public places such as grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, offices, etc. The correlation experiment with the new cases in the next two weeks shows that the risk estimation model offers promise in assisting people to be more precise about their personal safety and control of daily routine and social interaction. been done for the COVID-19 disease, as an ongoing pandemic few tools are available to evaluate the real-94 time social exposure risks. Model derived risks are 447 generated based on the real-time potential COVID-19 cases, the population in local communities, and the 448 number of people number in a given venue. cache = ./cache/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293080-b4pxjrcj author = Zhang, Chunyan title = Establishing a high sensitivity detection method for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and developing a clinical application of this method date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4173 sentences = 190 flesch = 55 summary = Immunological diagnosis of COVID-19 is mainly achieved through testing specific antibody IgM and IgG responses after human infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is based on antigen-antibody capturemethods. Such methods include lateral flow assays and provide the advantages of easy operation, quick test results, no need of a special laboratory site with (complex) instruments, and high sensitivity and specificity, and is suitable for carrying out large-scale SARS-CoV-2 infection/screening as point-of-care sites [7] . Based on the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the production of specific antibody responses, a diagnostic IgG and IgM detection assay would be the most useful method to diagnosis the occurrence of COVID-19 and development of pulmonary disease. In the present study, the recombinant protein and test strip for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 antibody by the antigen capturing method, and its preparation method were provided, supporting a new method for SARS-CoV-2 infection screening, diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation. cache = ./cache/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293145-b1rxh4bd author = Nouhjah, Sedigheh title = Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1562 sentences = 115 flesch = 52 summary = Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: a brief report Highlights • COVID-19 pandemic may be a potentially diabetogenic situation and may worsen hyperglycemia and possibly diabetes-related complications • Challenges faced by developing countries in managing diabetes during COVID-19 outbreak is different from those in developed countries. Results: Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. Results: Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. cache = ./cache/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293117-hkkbqorv author = Hernández-García, Ignacio title = Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4093 sentences = 203 flesch = 50 summary = We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the YouTube videos that provide information in Spanish on the basic measures for preventing COVID-19. In particular, videos produced by health professionals showed, compared to those made by the mass media, a higher probability of reporting on washing hands frequently, respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the face as measures to prevent COVID-19 (Table 2) . This study is the first to evaluate the characteristics of YouTube videos that provide information specifically in Spanish on the basic measures indicated by the WHO to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293285-w8c3ma8l author = Lanza, F title = Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1503 sentences = 68 flesch = 40 summary = title: Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients In this mini-report we propose three potential additional options as the source of such autologous Ab and provide some operational arguments, on evidence based to support implementation such strategic approaches urgently for those in need to save lives: a] the use of hyperimmune immunoglobulin concentrates, which derives from plasma of physiologically immunized donors. However, in western countries the use of convalescent plasma and related strategies may become a reality provided that our hospitals will recommend obtaining an informed consent from recovered COVID-infected patients in order to collect and store their FFP and their derived bioproducts. Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease for transfusion, as an empirical treatment during outbreaks cache = ./cache/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293140-lp3l4iap author = Ghislandi, S. title = News from the front: Excess mortality and life expectancy in two major epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8334 sentences = 441 flesch = 59 summary = Given the clustering nature of the epidemic, focusing on the areas with high concentration of severe illness and deaths allows us to capture the true impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy, which are likely to be underestimated in the national level data. Exploiting daily death registrations data published by the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT), this paper provides the first evidence-based assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy in the first hardest hit epicentres outside China. Hence, by using complete and reliable data on the number of deaths for the first largest-scale outbreak outside China, this paper provides the first unbiased account of the mortality impact of COVID-19 and its consequence on life expectancy. Finally, we aggregate death counts and population exposure values over the entire year to derive age-specific mortality rates and life expectancies under both scenarios. cache = ./cache/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293073-fu45h109 author = Okano, Hideyuki title = Steps towards COVID-19 suppression date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 626 sentences = 45 flesch = 50 summary = In this theoretical series reviews, although it is not possible to cover all of the subjects mentioned above, we entitled this "COVID-19: its pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutics" and invited leading researchers on COVID-19-related studies from the perspective of inflammation research and regenerative medicine and translational research, which are this journals' specialties, in addition to the basic properties and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 as follows: Potential therapeutics for COVID-19 ➢ Dr. Terai and colleagues reviewed on therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases [5] . • Molecular biology and virology of SARS-CoV-2 • Clinical trials for COVID-19-related disorders Here, we would like to express sincere gratitude to the distinguished researchers who contributed to this theoretical series reviews and sincerely hope that these review articles will provide novel insights for the suppression of COVID-19 as well as to the researchers in the broad field of inflammation and regeneration. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases cache = ./cache/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293154-vudycqos author = Sinha, Sanjai title = Implementation of Video Visits During COVID-19: Lessons Learned From a Primary Care Practice in New York City date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4120 sentences = 214 flesch = 52 summary = Herein we report the experiences of one large, academic, urban primary care practice with implementing a video visit program during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. As outlined in the Video Visit Handbook, a main goal of each video visit for COVID-19 was for providers to determine if patients could be managed safely at home with supportive care, if they needed to be evaluated in-person at WCIMA's newly established cough, cold, or fever clinic, or if they needed to go to the emergency room. Compared to patients who completed in-person visits in our practice during July 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 (our fiscal year-to-date data prior to the study period), those who completed video visits were younger (median age of 41-50 vs. This study describes the implementation of a video visit program at a large academic hospital-based primary care practice in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author = Colmenero, I. title = SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2530 sentences = 162 flesch = 43 summary = title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. 4 Most patients have been negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) when tested by PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and less than 50% have a history of exposure to positive household contacts or previous history of mild upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Lymphocytic vascular damage was the hallmark feature in biopsies from our 7 patients with COVID-19 related chilblains. 25 We have demonstrated the presence of viral particles within endothelial cells in lesional skin biopsies from patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293136-lfwqzf8m author = Escosa‐García, Luis title = Ten key points about COVID‐19 in children: the shadows on the wall date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3631 sentences = 241 flesch = 52 summary = It was initially named Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) temporally associated with COVID-19 by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) 18 To date, some cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported 27 28 . Recent data from a German study indicate that viral loads in the very young (age group 0-6 years) do not significantly differ from those of adults 44 To put it briefly, SARS-CoV-2 PCR of nasopharyngeal swab is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for acute COVID-19 disease. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center's observational study Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units cache = ./cache/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293059-2iwzieqm author = Tao, Huaqiang title = Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1818 sentences = 104 flesch = 38 summary = It has been approved that inflammation-induced pathogenesis in COVID-19 infection has a strong correlation with incidence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal injury (1) . However, studies on the correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and bone metabolism in COVID-19 patients are still lacking. In this special background, will inflammatory disorder and immune imbalance affect bone metabolism after COVID-19 infection? Simultaneously, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) was proven to facilitate osteoclast differentiation by overexpressing RANKL and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) (14) . As osteoblasts and osteoclasts exist in approach with immune cells in medullary cavity, it's no wonder that immune system shares massive regulatory cytokines, signaling molecules and transcription factors with bone biology. Apart from that, NF-κB and AP-1 stimulate the expression of many elements which required for inflammatory cytokines, driving up osteoclast activity and usually implicated inhibition on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (22) . cache = ./cache/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293360-nmttgxlq author = García, Leidy Y. title = Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: A multifactorial consideration date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 519 sentences = 35 flesch = 43 summary = Specifically, the willingness to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 depends on: (a) Availability, i.e. the actual existence of an effective vaccine and its country of origin; (b) Access to the vaccine, which could be limited by individual or governmental budgetary restrictions to finance preventive public health measures; (c) Perceived health risk, which depends on the intensity and severity of side effects and COVID-19 prevalence; (d) Information on benefits, risks and access pathways; (e) Previous experience with other vaccines and exposure to diseases, as this affects risk perception; and (f) Sociodemographic factors including age, education level, gender and more. [4] and Harrison [5] , a transparent educational and communicative campaign is needed, one that considers interaction between health policymakers in a way that allows people to value the personal and social benefit of being vaccinated against COVID-19, reducing hesitation. cache = ./cache/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293166-gkzebyda author = Hoz, Samer S. title = Letter to the Editor: “Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq” date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1348 sentences = 76 flesch = 54 summary = title: Letter to the Editor: "Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq" Letter to the Editor: "Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq" LETTER: The Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital (NTH) in Baghdad, Iraq, provides neurosurgical care for 4.2 million people-approximately 50% of the population in Baghdad, with a total capacity of 102 beds, 16 neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) beds, and 7 operating rooms. Cases requiring less immediate care are only admitted if the condition is deemed to be "urgent." This decision is the responsibility of a newly assembled local hospital committee, composed of 3 senior neurosurgeons. As for patients, a total of 25 acute trauma cases have been confirmed to be positive by immediate postoperative polymerase chain reaction. Such situations are hazardous and require urgent legislative change that determines the COVID-19 status of all admitted patients to be positive unless proven otherwise. cache = ./cache/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293440-qoo2t1wt author = Wilkinson, Tom title = ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1862 sentences = 112 flesch = 51 summary = title: ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial TRIAL DESIGN: ACCORD is a seamless, Phase 2, adaptive, randomised controlled platform study, designed to rapidly test candidate agents in the treatment of COVID-19. If Stage 1 provides evidence of efficacy and acceptable safety the candidate will enter Stage 2 where a total of approximately 126 patients will be recruited into each study arm sub-protocol. PARTICIPANTS: The study will include hospitalised adult patients (≥18 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19, that clinically meet Grades 3 (hospitalised – mild disease, no oxygen therapy), Grades 4 (hospitalised, oxygen by mask or nasal prongs) and 5 (hospitalised, non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen) of the WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 9-point category ordinal scale. cache = ./cache/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293186-yxpkqbey author = Mamo, Yitagesu title = Perception Toward Quarantine for COVID-19 Among Adult Residents of Selected Towns in Southwest Ethiopia date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4591 sentences = 286 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of this study was to assess public perceptions toward quarantine for COVID-19 and associated factors among adult residents of selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. 3 A broad range of public health strategy would be employed against a pandemic disease like COVID-19, from relatively innocuous techniques, such as disease surveillance and hygienic measures, to considerably more restrictive interventions, such as social distancing, travel restrictions, quarantine, and case isolation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess community perception toward quarantine for COVID-19 and associated factors among adult residents of selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. After controlling possible confounding variables in multiple linear regression, having training on COVID-19, educational status, occupation, knowledge of COVID-19, and knowledge of quarantine were significantly associated with perception toward quarantine. According to this study, having training on COVID-19 was positively associated with perception toward quarantine. The finding from this study also revealed that knowledge of COVID-19 was associated with more positive perception of quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293367-0fe62h2f author = Henderson, Lauren A. title = American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. Version 1 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6229 sentences = 333 flesch = 41 summary = Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan China, coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic affecting millions of lives.(1) Unlike adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms. Reports in the literature and unpublished observations by members of the panel both note that some patients with MIS-C can decompensate rapidly; however, the risk factors that predispose patients to such severe and progressive illness have not been identified.(10, 13) Accordingly, children with abnormal vital signs, concerning physical examination findings, significantly elevated inflammatory markers, or signs of cardiac involvement will need to be admitted to the hospital for supportive care while Tier 2 testing is completed. cache = ./cache/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293522-gg706q8s author = Toumi, Mondher title = Commentary on “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial” by Gautret et al date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5234 sentences = 277 flesch = 51 summary = title: Commentary on "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial" by Gautret et al The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were recently published by Philippe Gautret et al. This study provides outstanding results for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over the standard of care, but the evidence was deemed insufficiently robust to warrant a public health decision to widen the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were published in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents by Philippe Gautret et al. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides information on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the USA to treat coronavirus 2infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293259-o51fnvuw author = Sinaei, Reza title = Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7043 sentences = 359 flesch = 44 summary = Thus far, only a small number of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have involved children, so that they have accounted for only 1-5% of total patients [2, [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a hyperproinflammatory response or cytokine storm state that results to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). The search strategy was constructed based on searching terms 2019 novel coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 with using and/or, also the terms of child, pediatric, newborn, infant, adolescence, adult, age, age groups, severity, epidemiology, prevalence, difference, immune system, etiology, reasons in title, abstract, and key words. The first results stem from some considerations that children have a less vigorous immune response to the virus than adults because the cytokine storm is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293535-9bj5ev1a author = Wang, Yushu title = The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 555 sentences = 37 flesch = 57 summary = title: The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis Therefore, we aim to perform this meta-analysis to identify the roles of corticosteroids in patients with or without severe COVID-19. An electronic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), using the keywords "steroid" or "corticosteroid" or "cortisol" or "prednisolone" or "prednisone" or "glucocorticoid" or "hydrocortisone" or "dexamethasone" or "methylprednisolone" AND "novel coronavirus" or "2019-nCoV" or "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" between 2019 and present time (i.e., up to May 7th, 2020) and without language restrictions. A total of 466 studies were originally identified based on our search criteria, 411 of which were excluded after title, abstract or full text reading since they were review articles, editorial materials or letters, and did not report the use of corticosteroid in patients with or without severe COVID-19. Correction to: Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from cache = ./cache/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293333-mqoml9o5 author = Scharbarg, Emeric title = From the hospital scale to nationwide: observability and identification of models for the COVID-19 epidemic waves date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5785 sentences = 330 flesch = 59 summary = The second local model refers to a single node of the health system network, i.e. it models the flows of patients with a smaller granularity at the level of a regional hospital care center for COVID-19 infected patients. In particular apart the high transmission rate, other two aspects were immediately pointed out by the physicians which did strongly influence the diffusion of the disease and the medical resources: first it was estimated that a large delay of time (10 to 14 days) is present between the moment in which a person becomes infected and can infect, and the instant in which symptoms become evident and the person is isolated and sent to quarantine. The subsystem (2) consisting by I q , R and D q is then further discussed in Section 4: a group of people who are aware of their infection define the flow of admissions in a local hospital and are split into two populations, the patients admitted in conventional hospitalization and the patients admitted in intensive care. cache = ./cache/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293055-8scoocvx author = Deressa, W. title = Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7089 sentences = 350 flesch = 50 summary = Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported availability and use of PPE as well as satisfaction level of HCPs practicing in public hospitals in Addis Ababa during the current COVID-19 pandemic. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 shows the satisfaction level of HCPs with regard to the current availability and use of PPE in the study hospitals, and 54.7% (n=584) and 17.5% (n=187) of the respondents reported that they were unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied with the availability of PPE, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293359-6iw7dnz6 author = Wang, Laureen Yi-Ting title = COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1871 sentences = 141 flesch = 49 summary = Besides being at higher risk of complications of COVID-19 infection, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop cardiac-related side effects of treatment. 1 Our patient, with COVID-19 pneumonia, was started on lopinavir-ritonavir and developed sinus arrest. We want to highlight the potentially fatal side effect of lopinavir-ritonavir-induced bradyarrhythmia with this case report. [4] [5] [6] In the recent randomized controlled study in Wuhan China, no benefit was found in time to clinical improvement with 14-day treatment of lopinavir-ritonavir compared with standard of care. Before being used as a treatment for COVID-19, there have been case reports of lopinavir-ritonavir-induced cardiac arrhythmias in patients on treatment for HIV-1. 7,8 As our patient had pre-existing IHD with first-degree atrioventricular block and prolonged interval QTc, he was at risk for cardiac-related side effects of lopinavir-ritonavir. Transient cardiac arrhythmias related to lopinavir/ritonavir in two patients with HIV infection cache = ./cache/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293557-jcgc93it author = Recalde, Borja title = Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1412 sentences = 93 flesch = 47 summary = title: Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Postmortem multiorgan biopsies in 10 patients who died with SARS COV-2 infection were performed after oral authorisation of a first-degree relative. In this report, we describe the histopathology of lung damage in COVID-19 with DAD in all lung samples, associated with medium size arterial thrombosis in four cases, and the presence of viral RNA in all organs. It is remarkable that 9 out of the 10 patients had at least one organ with significant amount of SARS-CoV2 RNA, being most prevalent in lung tissue. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293575-h3wc7j4v author = Adrish, Muhammad title = Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2658 sentences = 181 flesch = 55 summary = Univariate Cox model for survival analysis by smoking status showed that among smokers only current smokers had higher risk of death compared with never smokers (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.12, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In our large single-centre retrospective database of patients hospitalised with COVID-19, smoking was associated with development of critical illness and higher likelihood of death. Our hospital is located in New York City where 13.1% of the Key Messages ► Does the smoking status affect outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19. We included adult patients (aged 18 and above) with known smoking status who were hospitalised with COVID-19 for whom severity of illness could be established and had final disposition status at the time of the study. Use of tocilizumab was suggested in patients with evidence of disease progression (defined as worsening respiratory status or radiographic findings) and increasing inflammatory markers early in their acute COVID-19 illness. cache = ./cache/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293427-hwkmvo4p author = Zhang, Li title = The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5357 sentences = 265 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. According to protection motivation theory, we hypothesized that the association between the exposure level during the COVID-19 epidemic and mental health problems was mediated by both individuals' perceived threat of COVID-19 risk and their coping efficacy (see Fig. 1 ). This hypothesis is based on the fact that numerous studies have indicated Fig. 1 Proposed model of exposure level, risk perception and mental health problems that self-efficacy is an effective factor to cope with a crisis and buffer psychological distress [34] . Overall, this study confirmed the psychological typhoon eye effect during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. cache = ./cache/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293559-c78wcr8m author = Rego, Gabriel N. A. title = Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9752 sentences = 506 flesch = 53 summary = Two purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, an mRNA-based vaccine mRNA1273, and the chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine ChAdOx1 are currently in phase III clinical trials in the respective countries Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, and the United Kingdom. Thus, during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, several vaccine candidates with attenuated virus, encoding, or presenting SARS-CoV-2 antigens have been developed globally, reaching clinical trial phases I or II for the evaluation of their safety and immunogenicity. Six protocols are developing phase II and/or III clinical trials using the chimpanzee adenoviral vector ChAdOx1 [50] [51] [52] , purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine [53, 54] , and mRNA-1273 vaccine [55] . A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerance and Preliminary Immunogenicity of Different Doses of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Population Aged 18-59 Years and 60 Years and Above cache = ./cache/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293481-bmfj50fb author = Malin, Jakob J. title = Remdesivir against COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9097 sentences = 428 flesch = 42 summary = Remdesivir or GS-5734 is a prodrug of a nucleoside analog with direct antiviral activity against several single-stranded RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recently, preliminary data from a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that remdesivir reduces the time to recovery in patients with COVID-19 (5) , leading to an emergency-use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only 2 days after the first press release from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (6) . There were strong arguments for the antiviral effect of remdesivir against coronaviruses emerging from multiple cell-based in vitro models, including primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures (25) , and, for MERS-CoV, from a mouse model of pulmonary infection (28) . After the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in January 2020, remdesivir was rapidly tested in a Vero E6 cell-based model that made use of direct viral quantification by rtPCR along with the antimalaria and immune-modulating drug chloroquine and known antivirals such as ribavirin and penciclovir. cache = ./cache/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293570-gh6ykmea author = Gupta, Rajib K. title = Spectrum of podocytopathies in new-onset nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 disease: a report of 2 cases date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3479 sentences = 201 flesch = 52 summary = Renal biopsy findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting solely with acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been described in published literature in few case reports. We herein describe two cases where the patients presented primarily with nephrotic syndrome with a temporal association with COVID-19; the two renal biopsies showed two different histologic lesions on light microscopy (at least on initial biopsy) with diffuse podocytopathy as the sole ultrastructural lesion for both cases. BP was controlled to 128/84 mmHg. Follow-up: Two subsequent COVID-19 RT-PCR tests came back negative on the 4th and the 5th of May. He was commenced on oral prednisone 60 mg a day on the 8th of May. Unfortunately, there was no response to high-dose steroids and the patient continued to have nephrotic-range proteinuria and worsening renal function. cache = ./cache/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293547-29i3u83s author = Pfaar, O title = COVID‐19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic – an EAACI/ARIA Position Paper date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8811 sentences = 512 flesch = 42 summary = RESULTS: Based on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)" inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) recommends to continue all immune-modulating treatment since exacerbations of underlying diseases can have a large negative impact on the patient's immunity [30] . cache = ./cache/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293630-zc8huo1j author = Capone, Alessandro title = Simultaneous circulation of COVID-19 and flu in Italy: potential combined effects on the risk of death? date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2157 sentences = 97 flesch = 43 summary = Based on data updated to May 20, 2020, in Italy the total recorded number of patients who died due to COVID-19-related reasons is 31,851. While some of the excess mortality reported in the ILI group may be attributable to COVID-19, a question arises: do we have to consider this observation as a result of a random sequence of events or a potential relationship between the two viruses play a role? It would be of great relevance to identify patients at a very high risk of mortality as a result of an overlapping or combination of risk factors reported separately in patients died from COVID-19 or influenza. While some of the excess mortality reported in the ILI group (in over 65) may be attributable to COVID-19 infection actually, a question arises: do we have to consider this observation as a result of a random sequence of events or a potential relationship between the two viruses play a role? cache = ./cache/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293690-pxiv0m7n author = Scala, Raffaele title = Italian pulmonologist units and COVID-19 outbreak: “mind the gap”! date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 636 sentences = 48 flesch = 55 summary = authors: Scala, Raffaele; Renda, Teresa; Corrado, Antonio; Vaghi, Adriano One fourth of > 1500 COVID-19 patients died after the admission in Lombardia ICUs; in only 11% of them, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and/ or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was attempted early to prevent respiratory deterioration and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The delayed admission in Lombardia overcrowded ICU of severely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients meeting the criteria for IMV without being offered a HFNC/NIV trial must have played a crucial role. Respiratory high-dependency care units (RHDCUs) are specialised cost-effective environments offering an "intermediate" level of care between ICU and ward, where NIV/HFNC, weaning from IMV and discharge of ventilator-dependent patients are provided [4] . The "gap" between the Italian RHDCU network and pre-COVID-19 respiratory needs might largely explain ICU network failure in Lombardia [4] . The expanded IPU network together with national more restrictive measures against virus dissemination after the Lombardia outbreak has contributed to the mitigation of COVID-19 impact on mortality in other regions. cache = ./cache/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293655-2ab7wdsk author = Mandic-Rajcevic, S. title = Contact tracing and isolation of asymptomatic spreaders to successfully control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers in Milan (Italy) date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6602 sentences = 327 flesch = 56 summary = Objective To study the source, symptoms, and duration of infection, preventive measures, contact tracing and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic among healthcare workers (HCW) in 2 large hospitals and 40 external healthcare services in Milan (Italy) to propose effective measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers. Most prominent symptoms include fever, dry cough, headache, sore throat and sneezing, although a growing number of reports underline asymptomatic and patients with mild symptoms having the same viral load as symptomatic patients and spreading the infection in the general population and among healthcare workers (HCW) (2) (3) (4) (5) . A much smaller sample of workers (N=10), commonly found among close contacts but absent from the hospital for other reasons, reported their daily symptoms even in the days leading to the positive NF swab. cache = ./cache/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293609-wymqvwjt author = Price, Alex title = Online Gambling in the Midst of COVID-19: A Nexus of Mental Health Concerns, Substance Use and Financial Stress date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7348 sentences = 354 flesch = 55 summary = A cross-sectional online survey of 2005 gamblers, including a sub-sample of 1081 online gamblers (age 18 years and older), was administered to assess risky gambling behaviours and motivations, financial impacts from COVID-19, the influence of COVID-19 on online gambling, mental health concerns and substance use. Among high-risk online gamblers, the most predictive risk factors included moderate and severe anxiety and depression, reduced work hours, being influenced to gamble due to COVID-19, gambling under the influence of cannabis or alcohol and risky gambling motives tied to mental health concerns, including gambling because it helps with nervousness and depression, chasing gambling losses and seeking to earn income. Despite the research evidence, our holistic understanding of the intersection of risky gambling behaviours, financial crisis and stress, negative mental health outcomes and substance use has yet to consider the specific effects of online gambling during a time of increased social isolation and significant economic instability. cache = ./cache/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293639-k96erjf1 author = Mugnai, Giacomo title = Thoughts on Scientific Evidence in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 697 sentences = 41 flesch = 51 summary = On the other hand, caution should be applied in generalizing preliminary (although potentially useful) observations as true scientific evidence. A few years ago, in Italy, several clinical trials were run by the National Health System on the "Di Bella" therapy for cancer, 2 more because of the pressure of public opinion than objective preclinical observations. 5 Hydroxychloroquine has recently been used as firstline therapy in COVID-19 patients and also proposed as a "preventive" agent, 6 but definitive evidence on its efficacy and safety (eg, QT prolongation) is missing, and, recently, the US Food and Drug Administration cautioned against hydroxychloroquine use in nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients, due to a number of side effects, including serious heart rhythm problems that can be life-threatening. Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19: drug safety communication -FDA cautions against use outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems cache = ./cache/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293736-nyvwv31m author = Méry, Geoffroy title = COVID-19: Underlying Adipokine Storm and Angiotensin 1-7 Umbrella date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5746 sentences = 268 flesch = 39 summary = Here we seek to explore what underlies the link between immune response and respiratory failure in CoV infections on the one hand, and the current observation of obesity as a risk factor for severe outcome in COVID-19 on the other. Indeed, during COVID-19 infection, most patients exhibit a specific cytokine profile, associating innate immunity chemokines (such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), which are suggestive of macrophage activation and epithelial suffering), and pro-inflammatory macrophage-produced cytokines such as IL-6 (45). We suggest that the tampering with such pathways could also lead to abnormalities in the inflammatory response observed in severe CoV infections through their influence on immune regulation and cytokine production. Besides suffering from a pro-inflammatory environment, which favors macrophage activation and neutrophil production, obese patients exhibit abnormal responses to viral infection. cache = ./cache/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293503-e7be12qb author = Xiang, Chao title = CT Findings in a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia at Initial Presentation date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3312 sentences = 193 flesch = 50 summary = COVID-19 leads to respiratory infections similar to those of SARS and MERS, causing pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. The CT image characteristics were recorded as follows: (a) lesion's location (segment), (b) morphology (patchy, nodular, and linear), (c) distribution (single or multiple, peripheral or/and central), (d) type (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and linear opacity), (e) pattern (reticulation, parenchymal bands, crazy-paving, and interlobular thickening), (f) atelectasis, (g) cavitation, (h) pleural effusion, (i) hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, (j) bronchiectasis, and (k) air bronchogram. Although a patient with exposure history may be asymptomatic and obtained negative results of CT findings and viral nucleic acid test at initial presentation, the potential infection cannot be totally excluded, and performing repeating CT scan and coronavirus RNA test is needed. Ground-glass opacity and consolidation with multiple, bilateral, and lower lobe distribution are the main features of COVID-19 pneumonia at initial CT scan. cache = ./cache/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293692-t5rfvyvj author = Kazi, Sajida title = The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1958 sentences = 102 flesch = 40 summary = Despite the limited data, the high-stakes milieu and risk of litigation have led several institutions to adopt a more aggressive approach of using intermediate or full-dose anticoagulation for most of their critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit [22] . The dissemination of knowledge during times of international crisis is guided by the principles first set out in the World Health Organization's 2016 statement on data-sharing during public health emergencies, which incorporated lessons from the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, and was undersigned by many notable foundations and journals [23] . These principles have been adopted for use in the current pandemic through a call to share "research data and findings relevant to the novel coronavirus (COVID19) outbreak" in the same fashion [24] . Sharing research data and findings relevant to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293634-4rryqbnu author = Rosen, Kelsey title = Delivering Telerehabilitation to COVID-19 Inpatients:A Retrospective Chart Review Suggests It Is a Viable Option date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3592 sentences = 185 flesch = 34 summary = Based on the algorithm, COVID-19 inpatients were selected to receive telerehabilitation if they could ambulate independently, could use technology, had stable vital signs, required minimal supplemental oxygen, and were cognitively intact. The purpose of the inpatient telerehabilitation PT program for COVID-19 patients was to safely assess barriers to discharge, deliver patient education, and provide a home exercise program (HEP) all while minimizing staff exposure. Success of the inpatient telerehabilitation program was determined based on the ability to create an algorithm, train staff, deliver education efficiently, maintain patient and staff safety during interventions, and ensure patients discharged home safely. Despite these limitations, we believe that this retrospective review provides preliminary data on how to implement an inpatient telerehabilitation program and suggests that selected COVID-19 patients can be discharged successfully after this method of treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293500-z28bws23 author = Guan, Wei-jie title = Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with Covid-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 461 sentences = 30 flesch = 39 summary = Comorbid hypertension correlates with poorer outcomes in patients with Covid-19. We truly appreciate the comments from Sisnieguez et al., who have performed a further analysis on the potential association between cardiovascular comorbidities and the clinical outcomes of Covid-19 (in particular, the mortality) [1] . We also applaud the suggestion to thoroughly adjust for the potential confounding factors when interpreting the association between specific categories of cardiovascular comorbidities (e.g., hypertension) and the clinical outcomes of Covid-19. Our findings could have also been attributed to the relatively low proportion of patients with co-existing hypertension and coronary heart disease in our study. The causes for the association between cardiovascular diseases and the poor clinical outcomes of Covid-19 might be multifaceted, including but not limited to the interaction with the age, and the cardiac dysfunction due to viral infections. Prevalence of comorbidities in cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293717-j4w6mq0f author = Meza, Herbert Tejada title = Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2328 sentences = 135 flesch = 58 summary = CONCLUSION: We found a decrease in the number of ischemic stroke admissions and an increase in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 epidemic in this large study from North-West Spain. We aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on hospital ischemic stroke admissions as well as the use of reperfusion therapies and inhospital mortality in tertiary referral hospitals from North-West Spain. We used descriptive statistics to compare the incidence of stroke admissions before and after the setting of the state of emergency in Spain, expressed in strokes per week (W) and the differences between the other study variables (IVT, EVT, in-hospital mortality, and wake-up strokes or unknown-onset time) in those periods. This study demonstrates a decrease in stroke admissions and an increase in stroke mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic across 16 centers within the NORDICTUS network including Arago'n, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y Leo'n, Euskadi, Galicia, La Rioja, and Navarra in North-West Spain. cache = ./cache/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293704-tnik6sd3 author = Tey, Jeremy title = Navigating the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives from the radiation oncology service in singapore date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3512 sentences = 220 flesch = 51 summary = There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. This includes interventions, business continuity plans and workflow in managing a COVID-19 positive patient on radiotherapy. With the evolving COVID-19 outbreak, there needs to be provisions and policies to ensure continuity of radiation oncology services. There should be provisions within the department such that continuity of radiation oncology services will not be impacted as there is possibility of staff managing confirmed cases and therefore needs to be self-quarantined at home. Nonetheless, radiation oncology departments can act to better position themselves to continue radiotherapy services in the face of resource limitations brought on by the outbreak, as well as to protect staff and patients. cache = ./cache/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293701-u4ntxo0y author = Su, Shan title = Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8201 sentences = 390 flesch = 40 summary = In this Perspective, we summarize examples of vaccine-associated disease enhancement in the history of developing vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which highlight the importance of a robust safety and efficacy profile, and present recommendations for preclinical and clinical evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine candidates as well as for vaccine design and optimization. One month later, five more candidates had also entered phase I clinical trials, and more than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates were in results, all of these vaccines induced antibodies against the spike protein (S protein) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), including antibodies that neutralized pseudotyped and live SARS-CoV-2. We summarize examples of VADE in the history of the development of vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV), SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), each of which provides clues for safe COVID-19 vaccine development and highlights the need for rigorous preclinical and clinical safety testing. cache = ./cache/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293740-4c3yemi3 author = Ferrando, Carlos title = Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4327 sentences = 253 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study in consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS (as defined by the Berlin criteria) affected with with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens), admitted to a network of 36 Spanish and Andorran intensive care units (ICUs) between March 12 and June 1, 2020. [temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate], laboratory parameters (blood test, coagulation, biochemical), ventilatory parameters [tidal volume (VT), inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO 2 ), respiratory rate (RR), PEEP, plateau pressure (Pplat), driving pressure (DP), respiratory system compliance (Crs)], the use of adjunctive therapies [recruitment maneuvers (RM), prone position, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], pharmacological treatments, disease chronology [time from onset of symptoms and from hospital admission to initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV), ventilator-free days (VFDs) during the first 30 days, ICU length of stay (LOS)]. cache = ./cache/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293749-5i3ei9pn author = Alene, Kefyalew Addis title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control: An Overview date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3427 sentences = 174 flesch = 47 summary = Throughout history, pandemics of viral infections such as HIV, Ebola and Influenza have disrupted health care systems, including the prevention and control of endemic diseases. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could cause severe dysfunction in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease that causes more deaths than any other, particularly in lowand middle-income countries where the burden of TB is high. The economic and health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the public health measures currently taken to stop the spread of the virus may have an impact on household TB transmission, treatment and diagnostic services, and TB prevention and control programs. Given the high levels of global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to consider the potential impact on the control and prevention of common endemic diseases that might be even more devastating to human health than COVID-19 itself. cache = ./cache/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293711-qgefn164 author = Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title = Comment on “COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action” date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 667 sentences = 48 flesch = 37 summary = apy their recommendations for treatment of patients with psoriasis at time of new COVID-19 pandemic. The authors pointed to the importance of therapeutic reassessment of all psoriatic patients, particularly those with moderate-to-severe disease, who are candidate to systemic, mostly immunosuppressive, therapies in the era of COVID-19. COVID-19 virus has neurotropic potential that partially explains the higher rate of acute respiratory distress in elderly patients. ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy has a comparable efficacy in moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis and could improve the clinical manifestations and quality of life more quickly than narrow band ultraviolet B therapy with no significant side effects, including lack of increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. COVID-19 and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? Older adults on systemic treatment for psoriasis and risk of infection:a propensity score matched population-based study Risk of serious infection in patients receiving systemic medications for the treatment of psoriasis Should patients stop their biologic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293730-dlqo6fep author = Caratozzolo, Salvatore title = The impact of COVID-19 on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia in East Lombardy, Italy: results from COVIDEM network date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3723 sentences = 179 flesch = 47 summary = Information on age, sex, education, clinical characteristics including dementia diagnosis, dementia severity by Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) [6] , Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [7] , and Basic Activity of Daily Life (BADL) [8] , walking, total number of chronic diseases and type of diseases among a pre-defined list (hypertension, COPD, renal disease, heart disease, cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic disease, diabetes, thyroid disorders, arthritis), number of drugs, and flu vaccination were obtained from previous medical records based on the last recorded visit at CDCD. Findings from our study showed that COVID-19 affected over 10% of home-dwelling older patients with dementia who showed high risk of adverse outcomes, such as unplanned hospitalization and mortality. Findings of this study are in line with previous reports [10] [11] [12] and add new insight by showing that COVID-19 exerted a relevant impact on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia determining a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293816-f86oo734 author = Hughes, H. title = Uncomfortably numb: suicide and the psychological undercurrent of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 961 sentences = 69 flesch = 63 summary = The uncertainty and unpredictability associated with COVID-19 has created a parallel pandemic of fear, anxiety and distress (Ammerman et al., 2020 , Yao et al. Research from China has demonstrated heightened rates of psychological distress attributable to COVID-19 (Yao et al. However, the correlation between epidemics, mental health and suicide is not a new revelation. Furthermore, illness-imposed quarantining has been associated with detrimental mental-health ramifications for those who must endure it (Brooks et al. While COVID-19 alone may not be the sole impetus for suicidality, the associated social disconnection, physical isolation and routine disruption may be a pernicious cocktail of risk factors (Ammerman et al. According to recent research from the United States, 45% of individuals with suicidal ideation explicitly linked their thoughts to COVID-19 (Ammerman et al. Preliminary investigation of the association between COVID-19 and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Mental Health and COVID-19: Information and Resources Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293732-rxd1lyi7 author = Manoj, M.G. title = Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4180 sentences = 210 flesch = 49 summary = Through a critical review of the current literature and a preliminary analysis of the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and air pollution in the affected regions, we offer a perspective that polluted environment could enhance the transmission rate of such deadly viruses under moderate-to-high humidity conditions. The aqueous atmospheric aerosols offer a conducive surface for adsorption/absorption of organic molecules and viruses onto them, facilitating a pathway for higher rate of transmission under favourable environmental conditions. Analysis of the air quality index (AQI, Fig. S1 , acquired on 16 th March 2020) reveals that the effected countries or regions had witnessed enhanced level of pollution ( frequently AQI > 100) which are qualified as "unhealthy" and even "hazardous", in the cold winter period. (2020) reports that air pollutants measured over Italy (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) have a substantial influence on the COVID-19 transmission and infection rate there. cache = ./cache/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293921-hj8oecmk author = Halayem, Soumeyya title = How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? Perceived stress and coping strategies date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 700 sentences = 59 flesch = 63 summary = title: How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? . Several studies highlighted the psychological impact of COVID-19 among physicians [4, 5] . In Tunisia, there is no available publications about the stress experience and the coping strategies among health workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 on Tunisian physicians working at public health hospitals' stress and coping strategies during the pandemic. Physicians who trusted on nationals polices managements of the COVID-19 outbreak were significantly less stressed (27.7, SD=5.75) than others (29. Stressed physicians used significantly more social This article is protected by copyright. The main finding of our study was the high score of stress among female and young physicians in training. We found that high level of stress was positively correlated with social support, resolving problem and negatively with avoidance. Stressed physicians in our sample have less trust on nationals polices managements of the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293942-n5ypkftc author = Takoi, Hiroyuki title = Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1160 sentences = 76 flesch = 54 summary = title: Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases Favipiravir, an antiviral agent, is undergoing clinical trials for treating novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report two cases of COVID-19 with favipiravir-induced fever. Favipiravir, a promising antiviral agent, is undergoing clinical trials as an alternative drug for treating COVID-19 (Arab-Zozani et al., 2020) in several countries, including China (Chen et al., 2020) , Iran, Germany, and Japan. We experienced two cases of favipiravir-induced fever in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Drug-induced fever was suspected and favipiravir was discontinued on Day 10. This preliminary report may help differentiate paradoxical fever in patients receiving favipiravir therapy for COVID-19. Favipiravir for treating patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials Nafamostat mesylate treatment in combination with favipiravir for patients critically ill with Covid-19: A case series cache = ./cache/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293787-kpn0hb8t author = Arulprakash, Enoch title = A Study on Fight Against COVID-19 from Latest Technological Intervention date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1699 sentences = 95 flesch = 47 summary = This paper analyses and studies those aspects, (I) Quarantine and statistical aspect: Quarantine potentially affected candidates (person who is in touch, travel history) through Data analytics/Machine learning. (III) Prevention aspect: Monitoring and enforce social distancing through visual social distancing using deep learning and Computer vision. This paper analyses and studies those aspects in detail like, (I) Quarantine and Statistical Aspect Quarantine potentially affected candidates (person who is in touch, travel history) through Data analytics/ Machine learning [2, 18] . (III) Prevention Aspect Machine learning and Computer vision as an aid for drug discovery and Monitoring and enforce social distancing through visual social distancing [4, 15] . There are several publically available deep learning models trained from various patients' data, models like COVID-Net, CAD4COVID [11, 19] , etc., which can be utilised directly or retrained with the new patients for enhanced prediction. cache = ./cache/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293737-yaz13ikp author = Palaiodimos, L. title = Severe obesity is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patientswith COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4072 sentences = 291 flesch = 56 summary = Conclusions: In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes. The extracted data included baseline demographic information [(age, gender, race/ethnicity, residence status (community or skilled nursing facility/SNF), and zip code], clinical characteristics [body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, alcohol, intravenous drug use, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary . cache = ./cache/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294064-vdpak3fm author = Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title = Single centre concept of ‘cold site’ elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3028 sentences = 190 flesch = 59 summary = title: Single centre concept of 'cold site' elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study Our hospital utilised local private hospital as a dedicated cold site (CS) for urgent elective surgery during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Urgent elective surgery is safe and feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic if a dedicated cold site is available. A mortality of 19% has been reported in a recent study on 278 patients undergoing elective surgery who were diagnosed with COVID-19 peri-operatively (6) . This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients undergoing urgent elective surgery at the dedicated CS during the COVID-19 pandemic. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ¨ This study reports findings of a dedicated cold site elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293964-hz5uow2b author = Hermann, Matthias title = Feasibility and Efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation following COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2728 sentences = 163 flesch = 46 summary = Infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), hereafter referred as COVID-19, often affects patients with chronic health conditions and takes a more severe course in patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Within two days after admission for rehabilitation all patients were assessed with questionnaires, such as Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Cumulative Illness Rating scale (CIRS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). To measure changes during rehabilitation, functional assessments with 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and Feeling Thermometer (FT) were performed on admission and before discharge. Exercise capacity was measured at hospital admission and discharge using the 6-min walk test (6-MWT), performed once at the beginning and once at the end of the CR program after 20 days, according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and carried out by experienced, well-instructed examiners. cache = ./cache/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293838-avri3xuc author = Lippi, Giuseppe title = Association between environmental pollution and prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1352 sentences = 73 flesch = 44 summary = The adjusted correlation between the number of days in which environmental pollutants exceeded established limits and the overall number of COVID-19 cases reveals the existence of a highly significant positive association (r=0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79; p<0.001). 1101 /2020 association between local environmental pollution and number of positive COVID-19 cases officially reported by the Italian Ministry of Health was then analyzed by considering the number of days per year during which the limits of PM10 and ozone had been exceeded as both a continuous (i.e., using linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation) and categorical (i.e., by calculation of the odds ratio; OR) variable. The adjusted correlation between the number of days in which environmental pollutants exceeded established limits and the overall number of COVID-19 cases as recorded by the Italian Ministry of Health is shown in Figure 1a , which reveals the existence of a highly significant positive association (r=0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79; p<0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293922-knzv4jvj author = Zuo, Y. title = Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3049 sentences = 202 flesch = 48 summary = Results: We found markedly elevated levels of tPA and PAI-1 among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion: While both tPA and PAI-1 are elevated among COVID-19 patients, extremely high levels of tPA enhance spontaneous fibrinolysis and are significantly associated with mortality in some patients. These data indicate that fibrinolytic homeostasis in COVID-19 is complex with a subset of patients expressing a balance of factors that may favor fibrinolysis and suggests that further study of tPA as a potential biomarker is warranted. Utilizing established Luminex platforms, we measured total PAI-1 and tPA levels in the plasma of 118 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and 30 healthy controls. Elevated PAI-1 and its associated hypofibrinolytic state were observed in the 2002 SARS-CoV epidemic [22] , while recent characterizations of COVID-19 patients have suggested impaired global fibrinolysis [16, 23] . Interestingly, in our large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we observed elevated levels of not only PAI-1, but also tPA. cache = ./cache/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293986-skp6tiun author = Millard, Hun title = COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1136 sentences = 57 flesch = 42 summary = title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings 184• Coronavirus (COVID) impact on hospital psychiatric inpatient units; 184• Testing versus symptom based strategies that impact psychiatric inpatient treatment; 184• Challenges in discharging medically and psychiatrically stable COVID patients back to their congregate care living facilities. While frontline healthcare workers have provided heroic treatment to those seriously ill from COVID, clinical care has also been altered for a subset of hospital patients who test positive but are asymptomatic. There has been a growing number of patients who live in community congregate care settings who face a unique barrier to discharge even after reaching psychiatric stability because of their COVID positive status. Due to variability in testing and reluctance of congregate care facilities to accept COVID patients back into the community, the authors experienced many cases in which hospital discharge was delayed anywhere from 7 to 47 days. cache = ./cache/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293860-6kz0iws6 author = Qutayba Almerie, Muhammad title = The Association between Obesity and Poor Outcome after COVID-19 Indicates a Potential Therapeutic Role for Montelukast date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2801 sentences = 139 flesch = 41 summary = HYPOTHESIS: Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. With its prominent effect in reducing leukotriene-mediated cytokine release montelukast would have the potential to moderate the background inflammation associated with obesity and the body's inflammatory response to SARS-CoV2. The strong association between the pro-inflammatory state found in metabolic syndrome and obesity and a more aggressive clinical course in COVID-19 suggests a potential treatment role for drugs that inhibit cytokine release and macrophage activation. cache = ./cache/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293997-4wjf1znf author = Asai, Nobuhiro title = Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1670 sentences = 124 flesch = 62 summary = title: Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12-45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. COVID-19 pneumonia Patients and methods For the purpose of identifying clinical manifestations and radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, we reviewed all cases of COVID-19 pneumonia which were published by the homepage of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases from Feb 5 2020 until April 30 2020, including our cases. As for radiological findings by chest CT scan, ground-glass opacities (GGO)s, peripheral distribution, bilateral lung involvements were seen in 88 (96%), 76 (83%) and 78 (85%), respectively. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12-45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. cache = ./cache/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294118-tm2kesum author = Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title = Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2358 sentences = 142 flesch = 59 summary = This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020, and the first death on March 17, both in the state of São Paulo 7 . We describe the epidemiological scenario of cases and deaths from COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rate in the first 45 days (February 17 to April 27, 2020) of the epidemic in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The study used an ecological design to compare confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths to bed occupancy rates in Ceará. cache = ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294180-t5bncpo4 author = Neto, Leônidas Oliveira title = Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3499 sentences = 166 flesch = 38 summary = It is interesting to highlight that both aging and chronic diseases are linked to an increase in levels of systemic inflammation, which could explain a potential common pathway between these factors and COVID-19. In this context, lifestyle and nutraceuticals arise as important prophylactic interventions to reduce the burden of baseline inflammation in older adults and consequently improve quality of life, mobility, cognition, mood, and metabolic and immune balances, especially during the pandemic. Vitamin D, or more specifically, 25hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], is an anti-inflammatory nutrient (41) , and reduces the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, preventing hypertension (42), besides its importance to bone and muscle, an inverse relationship is also observed between its levels and mortality risk in old adults (43) . Furthermore, reducing sedentary behavior and engaging in exercise may increasing the production of systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines and help to combat inflammation (63, 64) by increasing innate immune function (65) and decreasing the chronic inflammation related to various diseases (66) . cache = ./cache/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293822-axr9qu58 author = Rolland, John S. title = COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6469 sentences = 360 flesch = 48 summary = Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. In addition to communication processes and organizational/structural patterns, particular emphasis includes: family and individual life course development in relation to the time phases of a disorder; multigenerational legacies related to illness and loss; and belief systems (including influences of culture, ethnicity, race, spirituality, and gender) (Figure 1 ). As the pandemic continues to evolve, these discussions will need to be revisited -relating to new COVID-19 data and to changing family circumstances, such as life cycle transitions or altered economic and health status. cache = ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294094-ndahvsz7 author = McQueen, Sydney A. title = The Person Behind the Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1023 sentences = 76 flesch = 70 summary = Within a few short months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed our world. In many ways, this pandemic has amplified the fractured lives we live as physicians and laid them out for public consumption via the media as both real and "fake news." The language of war has valorized us, and we have unwittingly become "heroes" in a "war" against COVID-19. Let us remember that in the fall of 2019, physician wellness and burnout was the number one topic for medical conferences around the world, with committees and task force groups constructed at every level. Let us support one another across the boundaries of our professions and disciplines to truly foster teamwork, compassion, patient care, and physician well-being. Let us disseminate the work from the burnout task forces of 2019 so that their recommendations become the cornerstones of our newly constructed system. cache = ./cache/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294057-fbox3a5q author = Schlegl, Sandra title = Bulimia nervosa in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of former inpatients date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2812 sentences = 149 flesch = 53 summary = It was divided into seven parts: (a) Sociodemographic and other information such as age, sex, current self-reported height and weight, occupational situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and contact history with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that is, current or previous own confirmed infection or infection of others (yes/no answers); (b) Overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED symptoms and general well-being, that is, deterioration of symptomatology and quality of life, adverse effects on therapy, incidence of new symptoms (5-point scale with 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree); (c) Worries, for example, regarding infections, relapses, food insecurity, finances, and job (5-point scale with 1 = extremely worried to 5 = not at all worried); (d) General psychopathology and interpersonal conflicts (5-point scale with 1 = significantly worsened to 5 = significantly improved); (e) Specific ED symptoms and behaviours (5-point scale from 1 = significantly worsened/much more to 5 = significantly improved/much less); (f) Health care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (yes/no answers); (g) Use and helpfulness of strategies as suggested by Fernandez-Aranda et al. cache = ./cache/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294184-jte9xx5e author = Macleod, Jack title = Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds? date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2742 sentences = 175 flesch = 48 summary = Careful consideration of ethical principles must guide production of local guidance ensuring consistent patient selection thus preserving equality as well as quality of clinical services. As a surgical department operating under COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) crisis conditions, a multitude of ethical, practical and medical dilemmas are encountered. Coupling the unclear risk profile of COVID-19 with a lack of alternatives to provide the gold standard surgery, what is the ethical justification for performing a substitute procedure on this cohort of patients? hoW CAn We eThICAlly proVIde The TrAdITIonAl gold sTAndArd, or AlTernATIVe, operATIon To pATIenTs durIng The CoVId-19 CrIsIs? One such framework has formed the basis of healthcare ethics: initially proposed by Beauchamp and Childress in 1979, the four principles of patient care are beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy and justice. For those patients requiring acute treatment, an alternative to the conventional gold standard can be performed if its known inferiority is outweighed by the reduced risk of COVID-19-related complications. cache = ./cache/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294023-knaxr7t0 author = Murri, Rita title = Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2073 sentences = 115 flesch = 51 summary = title: Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy Seventy percent (n = 261) of respondents reported that their use of social media to find medical information increased during the current pandemic (Fig 1) . In terms of COVID-19 medical practice, information coming from social media were considered "enough" or "much" or "very much" useful by 82.9% (n = 306) of the sample. To the question "During the last week, do you think that information shared on social media had an impact on your clinical practice for patients with COVID?" 28.7% (n = 106) answered "enough" and 47.1% (n = 174) "much" or "very much". Our survey shows that, at the time of COVID pandemic, many clinicians react to their urgent need for updates by seeking information through unconventional sources instead of academic journals publications. cache = ./cache/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294371-xot2oj2t author = Citgez, Bulent title = Management of Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2222 sentences = 130 flesch = 49 summary = In this review, we tried to explain how to prevent the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients. In this process, as in many other types of cancer, there are also challenges in the management of breast cancer treatment due to the limited use of resources and the working discipline of the healthcare staff according to the pandemic conditions. High-priority: Recommendations are applied to patients whose condition is either clinically unstable or who have life-threatening cancer burden and requires immediate hospital treatment. [7] Diagnostic imaging for an abnormal mammogram or for suspicious symptoms of breast cancer, biopsies for BI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions, and breast MRI for the extent of disease evaluation or pre-chemotherapy assessment are still being performed in hospitals having sufficient resources because pandemic may be long-lasting and this may threaten patients' lives in the long run. ER+ early breast cancer patients should have neoadjuvant endocrine therapy before surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293852-r72c6584 author = Greco, S. title = Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8163 sentences = 468 flesch = 40 summary = Different studies found that the values of cardiac Troponins were increased in COVID-19 patients with more severe disease [4, 5, [68] [69] [70] , indicating an association of SARS-CoV-2 with myocardial damage. Moreover, the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) approach has been used to profile the SARS-CoV-2 host-response in the PBMCs of COVID-19 patients, and to comprehensively characterize the immunological changes [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] . However, SARS-CoV-2 infection of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) induced cytotoxic effects and RNA-seq findings highlighted significant transcriptional changes in gene pathways related to cellular metabolism and immune response [131] [132] [133] . This analysis also revealed several host-derived lncRNAs differentially expressed in COVID-19 patient-derived lung tissue, and in SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial cells, including MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) and NEAT1 (nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1) [151] (Fig. 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author = Miralles, Oriol title = Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7255 sentences = 343 flesch = 48 summary = The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d'Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF). cache = ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293967-t0216n2m author = Moorthy, Arumugam title = COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2615 sentences = 131 flesch = 46 summary = A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID‐19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). The variation in COVID-19 testing among BAME, HCW and front line workers maybe a possible reason for increased reported deaths as patients not admitted to hospital were not included initially in mortality figures (6) . The COVID-19 pandemic requires an understanding of its effects and how it is spread, as well as the acceptance of such intelligence by minority ethnic people in order for the population in this group to comfortably adopt positive measures for personal safety as well as to limit the spread of infection. Some of the authors have already developed partnerships of joined up thinking between the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society and Ambassadors for Ethnicity Health, in the UK, to communicate, disseminate and raise awareness of COVID-19 among the BAME population (13) . cache = ./cache/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294139-78c5h7la author = Yamakawa, Mai title = Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3096 sentences = 171 flesch = 45 summary = The frequency of common comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome /coronary artery disease), atrial fibrillation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and malignancy), etiology of stroke if specified in the articles, and treatment (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), mechanical thrombectomy, and anticoagulation were calculated by summation of events divided by the number of total patients from all studies whose information is available for each value. The salient findings of the study can be summarized as the followings; (1) the frequency of stroke in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 1.1%, with mean days from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke at 8 days, most commonly cryptogenic; (2) even with early case series with younger patients without a pre-existing medical condition, the mean age was 66.6, with slight male preponderance (65.6%); (3) stroke risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and prior strokes were common as comorbidities; altered mental status was as frequent as 51.4 % as presenting symptom of stroke; (4) elevation of d-dimer and CRP were reproduced after synthesis of results; (5) case fatality rate was as high as 44.2% in patients with COVID-19 and stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294333-6azdm42x author = Wang, S title = Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3012 sentences = 158 flesch = 53 summary = The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The questionnaire was completed by participants on their own smartphone and consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) for evaluating sleep quality, and Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) for evaluating psychological stress, which took ~10 min to complete. Our results showed that 38% of the paediatric healthcare workers participating in this study suffered from sleep disturbance, which was significantly higher than in the general population or in other professional occupations, consistent with the previous research [11] [12] [13] [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294438-btuxeq7o author = Peng, Ling title = Managing patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1087 sentences = 53 flesch = 42 summary = Although there are specific issues, for example, the radiologic manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia are similar in some cases to pneumonitis caused by checkpoint inhibitors [2] , the main concern we have is that once infected, patients with cancer may be at higher risk for the more severe form of COVID-19 requiring intensive care treatment [1] . Intriguingly, patients with cancer co-infected with HIV-1 and hepatitis B do not have viral re-activation during chemotherapy [4] , suggesting here that treatment does not need to stop, although of course, data may be different for different viruses and symptoms of COVID-19 may not correlate with SARS-CoV-2 levels. It is notable to us that one of the best prospects for treating the virus modulates the host immune response and is useful too in treating manifestations of the rare cancer, multicentric Castleman's disease, as well as its licenced rheumatoid arthritis indication [11] ; targeting the IL-6 pathway using tocilizumab has led to inclusion in China's latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines on COVID-19 [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294136-e69ao8j0 author = Han, Dongsheng title = COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5215 sentences = 263 flesch = 42 summary = successfully isolated SARS-CoV-2 from throat swabs of two asymptomatic patients in a cell culture of Caco-2 cells, suggesting the potential for presymptomatic transmission [16] ; (5) Increasing studies show clear epidemiological evidence of human-to-human asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 (described in the following section); (6) Asymptomatic infection tends to be, but is not only, identified among young people (<20 years old) [14, 15, [17] [18] [19] ; And (7) the majority (>90%) of asymptomatic patients appears to have a milder clinical course during hospitalization [15] , but the severity of the symptoms of the secondary patients infected by SARS-COV-2 from asymptomatic patients varies based on their physical constitution [2, 20] . As the transmission of SARS-COV-2 may occur in the early course of infection and a high viral load in respiratory samples could be detected [13] , RT-PCR testing for this virus is more suitable for screening at earlier stages of infection in key populations, such as patients with obvious symptoms and close contacts of asymptomatic patients [35] . cache = ./cache/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294360-1oymweb0 author = Mair, Frances S title = Multimorbidity and the COVID-19 pandemic – An urgent call to action date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 952 sentences = 57 flesch = 50 summary = 5 While much public health advice provides substantial information about the increased COVID-19 risks posed by individual LTCs such as cancer or cardiovascular disease there is a glaring absence of information about multimorbidity. Public health resources, such as those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), do not highlight the higher risks of COVID-19 for people with multimorbidity, despite the evidence highlighted here. Such organisations are a vital and trusted source of information and support for patients, carers, and the public and provide ample advice and information about the risks of COVID-19 to individuals with specific LTCs. In contrast, those with 1 Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK multimorbidity remain largely forgotten and disadvantaged through the scarcity of organisations that advocate specifically for those with multiple LTCs and via the absence of information tailored to their complex needs. cache = ./cache/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294336-fqobpo47 author = Soy, Mehmet title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a review inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5792 sentences = 279 flesch = 38 summary = This paper aims to review the pathogenesis and the clinical picture of HLH, and its severe complication, the cytokine storm, with a special emphasis on the developed classification criteria sets for rheumatologists, since COVID-19 infection has clinical symptoms resembling those of the common rheumatologic conditions and possibly triggers HLH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) comprises two different conditions that may be difficult to distinguish from one another: A primary form that occurs due to genetic disorders and a secondary form that is triggered by various infections, autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, or chemicals [1, 2] . In this review, we aim to contribute to the rheumatologists' awareness of the life-threatening rare complication of HLH, the cytokine storm, to prevent a possible misdiagnosis in the presence of the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 resembling or mimicking to that of an underlying or a new-onset rheumatological condition. cache = ./cache/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294440-zd0arwmr author = Sacco, Guillaume title = COVID-19 in seniors: Findings and lessons from mass screening in a nursing home date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3981 sentences = 216 flesch = 52 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The pauci-symptomatic expression of COVID-19 in older residents, together with the high prevalence of asymptomatic forms in caregivers, justifies mass screening in nursing homes, possibly prioritizing residents with suggestive combinations of clinical signs including dyspnea, falls, anorexia and/or altered consciousness. The objective of the present study was to clarify symptoms and chronological aspects of the propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 in a nursing home, both in residents and staff members. The study consisted in a five-week retrospective observational cohort study in a middle-sized nursing home in Maine-et-Loire, West of France, having performed COVID-19 mass screening of residents (n=87) and staff members (n=92). The present report of COVID-19 mass screening in a nursing home showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic infected staff members, and confirmed that older residents exhibit few and mainly nonspecific symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293990-h2o3v5gp author = Schoenbrunner, Anna title = Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1807 sentences = 104 flesch = 42 summary = One week later, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a statement that ''all elective, nonessential medical, surgical, and dental procedures be delayed'' during the COVID-19 outbreak to minimize spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). 1 The CMS recommendations created a tiered framework to guide surgeons and healthcare systems in their determination of which procedures are elective based on acuity, risk of progression, and symptomatology. As of this time, the only state to mention consideration of patient age is Arizona, which recommends surgeons ''consider the health and age of the patient.'' 2 The pediatric population has been largely spared during the COVID-19 outbreak, with incidence of COVID-19 infection of less than 1% in children under 10 years of age and less than 2% in children under 19 years of age. Primary cleft lip and palate repair is a low acuity surgery performed in a healthy patient, making this a Tier 1a procedure; CMS recommends these surgeries be postponed. cache = ./cache/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294427-6eiligyy author = Salimi, Ali title = The North American Layman's Understanding of COVID-19: Are We Doing Enough? date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5699 sentences = 217 flesch = 46 summary = Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, an online survey targeted to North Americans focused on the public's knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and precautionary behaviors taken in response to this pandemic. The results of this study highlight that this relatively young and educated sample of North Americans had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and a large proportion of them were taking the precautionary measures against this pandemic. To that end, this study aimed to compare and contrast the level of knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary measures taken in response to COVID-19, between populations of the United States of America (US) and Canada. To date, the US has reported the highest rate of COVID-19 positive cases in the world and therefore, by understanding the public's attitude and risk perception toward the current pandemic, we hope to provide valuable information to help develop adequate populationtailored communication protocols that are effective in disease prevention and containment. cache = ./cache/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294350-6veeygzp author = Yu, Caizheng title = Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3279 sentences = 195 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusions The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. In this study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China conducted between mid-January to late March 2020, the authors found patients who were male, elderly (>65 years), and had a history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased PCT tended to have higher odds of mortality. After further adjustment for potential confounders, significant independent associations were observed between older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased PCT and higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294429-isivkz8b author = Grifoni, Alba title = Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10250 sentences = 589 flesch = 55 summary = To test for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses following infection, we initially recruited 20 adult patients who had recovered from COVID-19 disease ( Table 1) . Initial definition and assessment of human antigen-specific SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses are best made with direct ex vivo T cell assays using broad-based epitope pools, such as MPs, and assays capable of detecting T cells of unknown cytokine polarization and functional attributes. Data from both the epitope MPs and protein peptide pool experiments can be interpreted in the context of previously reported T cell response immunodominance patterns observed for other coronaviruses, particularly the SARS and MERS viruses, which have been studied in humans, HLA-transgenic mice, wild-type mice and other species. (C) Correlation of SARS-CoV-2−specific CD4 + T cells detected using the epitope prediction approach (CD4_R MP) compared against the sum total of all antigen pools of overlapping peptides (excluding spike), run with samples from the same donors in two different experiment series. cache = ./cache/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294108-uvnh0s9r author = Dube, Taru title = Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13885 sentences = 845 flesch = 44 summary = [2, [8] [9] [10] This article discusses SARS-CoV-2 nanostructure, the virus biology in connection to its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and potential and future therapeutic options including repurposed drugs, vaccine/protein therapies, immune therapies, and nanotherapeutics. Mechanisms such as inhibition of viral enzymes (DNA and RNA polymerases, 3CL pro, TMPRSS2, reverse transcriptase, neuraminidase, endonucleases, and other proteases) or processes such as ACE2 cellular receptor inhibitors and endosomal acidification mediators prohibiting viral fusion; molecules interfering with glycosylation of the viral protein, viral assembly, new viral particle transport, and release, and immunomodulation of cytokine release can be potential targets in developing various antiviral drugs for the SARS-CoV-2. [85] A randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase IV clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of umifenovir as an adjuvant therapy to the combined therapeutic regimen of IFN 1a, lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients (NCT04350684) is underway. cache = ./cache/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293896-dz9lzlqq author = Mian, Hira title = Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2311 sentences = 109 flesch = 40 summary = With regards to prevalence/outcomes of the COVID-19 in adults with MM, there is a paucity of data and, apart from case reports [12] , estimates need to be extrapolated from case series published for other patients with cancer [2, 13, 14] Another retrospective case series, identified anti-tumour receipt within the last 14 days as a significant risk factor for severe events defined as a condition requiring admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death (Hazard Ratio=4.08, 95% CI 1.09-15.32; As clinicians struggle with optimizing care of older adults with MM during this pandemic, decisions regarding dose-reduction, regimen modification/interruption or continuation of therapy will need to be individualized based upon the concept of 'staging the disease' as well as 'staging the aging,' while adding in the complexity of the COVID pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294073-65h2mkdy author = Ke, Jia title = Strategies and recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience shared by Chinese surgeons date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4150 sentences = 234 flesch = 43 summary = We also recommend that each hospital should establish a group of diagnostic experts with responsibilities for risk stratification, especially for patients under investigation who need urgent surgery. • It is known that fever is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 and that patients with certain GI diseases (e.g. acute appendicitis, gastric perforation, intestinal obstruction) who required urgent care with emergency GI surgery often present with high fever as well. COVID-19-positive patients with GI bleeding with hemodynamic stability should undergo conservative treatments first, including angioembolization, before endoscopic treatment due to the high risk of endoscopy being an aerosol-generating procedure. For confirmed/high-risk COVID-19 patients and PUIs, diagnostic and therapeutic GI endoscopies should be performed in a negative-pressure room with Level Three precautions. For all surgical personnel involved in GI surgery for confirmed/ high-risk COVID-19 patients or for PUIs for COVID-19, we recommend the following protective measures (Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294400-65lwy0dg author = Cowan, Henry R. title = Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1095 sentences = 71 flesch = 56 summary = This commentary argues that schizophrenia research is more relevant than ever during this public health crisis, because of the likelihood that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increased incidence of psychotic disorders. Researchers in many areas are likely asking themselves similar questions right now, about whether their work is relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. And as research and funding priorities are re-examined in response to the pandemic, we may face tough questions about our work's relevance in the months and years to come. Recalling Coburn and McCain, certain voices are already working to sway public opinion against allegedly wasteful research spending-see, for example, a recent Fox News article castigating the US Department of Health and Human Services for funding a small veterinary study on amino levels in dog urine during the COVID-19 crisis (Olson, 2020) . Viral infection and immune responses may impact psychotic disorders by multiple pathways in utero, in childhood, and in adulthood. Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? cache = ./cache/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294159-721il1e2 author = Kumar, Kanta title = COVID-19 and ethnicity: challenges in rheumatology date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1218 sentences = 69 flesch = 47 summary = Data from the Office of National Statistics in the UK and the Centre for Disease Control in the USA suggest people from black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds have been disproportionately affected by COVID 19 [1] . We are aware that local and global registries in rheumatology still lack detail, a control arm and often have a very small number of patients from BAME backgrounds, hence are unable to provide any meaningful outcomes in this context. As we progress over the next 12 months with this pandemic there is an essential requirement for additional in-depth understanding from local, national and international data on health-seeking behaviours and the clinical experiences of different ethnic groups during COVID-19. We believe the lessons learnt during COVID-19 may shine a crucial light on these issues and thus gain the attention required from clinicians, policy makers, national and international societies and patient charities to work harder to reduce the health inequalities. cache = ./cache/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294443-w6p3f5qc author = Nadar, Sunil K. title = Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = Concern was therefore raised at the start of the pandemic that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), medications that are commonly used for hypertension and heart failure, could have a potential deleterious effect [11] , as ACE2 is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system and is up regulated by these drugs in some tissues in a subset of animal models [12, 13] . Subsequent data have raised the possibility that patients treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs do indeed have a better outcome, with the crucial caveat that the possibility of unmeasured confounding and bias precludes drawing cause-effect conclusions from the clinical studies available thus far. A recent retrospective study from China comparing outcomes on hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with and without ACE inhibitors or ARBs for hypertension has suggested that in the former all-cause mortality was lower (adjusted HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.92; P = 0.03) [18] . Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients. cache = ./cache/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294242-amj0ohw3 author = Li, Jia title = Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave. date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3278 sentences = 214 flesch = 54 summary = Following an intense nationwide program of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after February 18th allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients. Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity. In each of the centres, routine activity of the EP lab was suspended within a week of the first locally diagnosed COVID-19 case in the hospital (table 1). The primary reason for the prompt suspension in each case was the concern that continuing to admit patients for elective procedures would expose patients to the risk of infection from undiagnosed COVID-19 patients already in the hospital. A small number of patients required emergency ablation during the period of restricted activity (table 2, figure 2), but this represented less than 5% of the normal workload of the centres. cache = ./cache/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294501-1nf98mpb author = Bonafè, Massimiliano title = Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3745 sentences = 197 flesch = 40 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. Consistent with this finding, the ability of DCs and macrophages to elicit CD8 + T cell response and proliferation and to release antiviral cytokines is impaired in elderly individuals [34] ; in parallel, these subjects are characterized by a reduced activity of plasmacytoid DCs, the main sources of type I IFNs, which underpin the antiviral response and provide the first-line sentinels in immune surveillance, also in the lung [35] . 4. In older men with age-related diseases, the aging-dependent reduction in ACE2 activity worsens SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, the main SARS-CoV2 host cell receptor, plays a crucial role in virus entry into the cell, as previously demonstrated in SARS and NL63 human coronaviruses [41] . In these individuals, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compounds their chronic, subclinical, aging-related proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging) which, together with immune senescence and the age-and gender-specific distribution of ACE2 in the airway epithelia, could blunt the antiviral response to inflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294349-ps3qlho2 author = Al-Sharif, Eman title = Ocular tropism of coronavirus (CoVs): a comparison of the interaction between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7053 sentences = 340 flesch = 43 summary = PURPOSE: Several studies have reported conflicting results on ocular manifestations and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the coronavirus family, the seventh recognized as a human pathogen and the third causing a severe clinical syndrome. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is an emerging infection which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first reported in Wuhan city, China, late in December 2019 [4] . Clinical ocular manifestations were absent in all SARS-CoV-1 patients, and viral RNA was detected in the conjunctival secretions and tears in three cases out of 120 (2.5%) with a range of 0-8% [6] [7] [8] [9] . Similarly, a small study testing the conjunctival secretions and tears (collected twice over 2-3 days) of 30 confirmed COVID-19 patients demonstrated the presence of viral RNA (in both samples) in one patient only who also showed clinical signs of conjunctivitis [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294517-tqpf95kk author = Nimgaonkar, I. title = The Age Pattern of the Male- to- Female Ratio in Mortality from COVID-19 Mirrors that of Cardiovascular Disease but not Cancer in the General Population date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3165 sentences = 175 flesch = 54 summary = Moreover, we found a similar pattern in sex ratio of deaths by age for cardiovascular disease, which is strongly associated with increased risk of dying from COVID-19. In searching for explanations for the distinctive pattern of deaths in COVID-19, we first examined variation by age group in the male-to-female (sex) ratio of mortality in data from the . Since the COVID-19 data were not linked to population databases with individual-level health information, we could not specifically examine the potential contribution of CVD to the age pattern of the sex mortality ratio from COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20149013 doi: medRxiv preprint persons older than 60 years, might partially reflect the same underlying mechanisms that drive the age pattern of the sex mortality ratio for CVD in the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294537-wpq1492g author = Ritschl, Paul V. title = Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2530 sentences = 176 flesch = 46 summary = title: Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach 6 As no consensus guidelines or international recommendations have been published on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) and organ transplant, the aim of this study was to offer a consensus-based approach to manage transplant programs until reliable data on risk and benefits of conducting organ transplants in times of a viral pandemic are available. the United Kingdom recommend a low threshold for SARS-CoV-2testing in transplant patients after contact with a positively tested person or subject to a broader spectrum of COVID-19-associated symptoms. Although SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal PCR shows reasonable sensitivity, a recently published study demonstrates that of 51 COVID-19 patients only 36 were initially positive in NAT. Until now, no solid organ transplant procedure has reportedly been performed on a SARS-CoV-2-infected patient. Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach cache = ./cache/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294555-6q7q8gse author = Liang, Ting title = Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3431 sentences = 201 flesch = 54 summary = CT features including lobar distribution and presence of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and linear opacities were analyzed on per-patient basis during each of five time intervals spanning the 3 weeks after disease onset. CONCLUSIONS: While bilateral GGO are predominant features, CT findings changed during different time intervals in the 3 weeks after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, CT findings of patients with mild COVID-19 outside of Wuhan include predominance of GGO in the early phase with an increase in the frequency of consolidation and linear opacities over the 3 weeks post onset of symptoms. Given that laboratory tests for the novel coronavirus can be falsely negative, radiologists play a key role in identifying suspicious CT findings based on time interval from the onset of symptoms and guide further evaluation and management of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294304-9w6zt778 author = Doanvo, Anhvinh title = Machine Learning Maps Research Needs in COVID-19 Literature date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5506 sentences = 283 flesch = 50 summary = The projection values of COVID-19 abstracts on PC2 were lower and associated with 11 emergent COVID-19 clinical-, modeling-or field-based (CMF) research -such as observational, 12 clinical, and epidemiological studies -exemplified by stem terms "patient", "pandem", "estim", 13 and "case". 14 Furthermore, we developed a framework that improves upon existing bibliometric studies 15 in three key ways; namely, our approach (1) maps connections between publications by relying 16 directly on the abstracts instead of the narrow information gained from metadata as in other 17 bibliometric analyses, including those from other fields 9,10 ; (2) uses ML to explore latent 18 semantic information of vast scale and complexity to identify hidden trends; and (3) does not 19 rely on any a priori knowledge of what topics we expect coronavirus literature to cover but 20 rather highlights them without any preconceived assumptions. cache = ./cache/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294557-4h0sybiy author = Stogiannos, N. title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6725 sentences = 377 flesch = 50 summary = Objectives include to: i) outline pathophysiology and basic epidemiology useful for radiographers, ii) discuss the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis of Covid-19, iii) summarise national and international guidelines of imaging Covid-19, iv) present main clinical and imaging findings and v) summarise current safety recommendations for medical imaging practice. CXR imaging of suspected or confirmed Covid-19 cases should be performed with portable equipment within specifically designated isolated rooms for eliminating the risks of cross-infection within the Radiology department. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, many professional bodies and learned societies have been quick to issue official guidelines on how medical imaging should optimally be performed for early diagnosis and related management of these patients, but also how staff should be protected from cross-infection. Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294422-hsqphc3t author = Sandesh, Ram title = Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1849 sentences = 95 flesch = 57 summary = The psychological response of HCPs to an epidemic could be dependent on many factors which may cause anxiety and stress such as feeling vulnerable to infection, lack of control over the situation, the spread of the virus, health of their family, and being isolated [11] . It can be also seen that many of the factors due to which HCPs suffer from these ill-effects can be potentially modified, for example, such as free provision of PPEs to all healthcare workers, promoting general public awareness about COVID-19, and building better infrastructure to encourage lighter work hours can all be carried out by the government and thus have a positive impact on the mental health of HCPs. In our study, high levels of anxiety, stress and depression among health care professionals were noted, which is a cause for concern. Since there is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCPs treating COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to invest resources to promote the mental health welfare of frontline professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294527-fct2y5vn author = Guadarrama-Ortiz, Parménides title = Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8820 sentences = 441 flesch = 37 summary = The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 can also cause viral meningitis and encephalitis, as demonstrated by a recent report of a 64-yearold patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who presented neurologic manifestations during the infection, including lethargy, clonus, and pyramidal signs in the lower limbs as well as stiff neck and Brudzinski sign (76) . Future studies are required to evaluate the serologic features of anti-glycolipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19 to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome. cache = ./cache/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294190-s337jpbo author = Rubinstein, Samuel title = The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19): a collaborative effort to understand the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1846 sentences = 94 flesch = 41 summary = The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time. Further analyses suggest that cancer patients may also be at increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19, including hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death (Dai et al. Compared to the general population, cancer patients tend to be older, are more often smokers, and have more comorbid medical conditions; all of which are reported risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection (Jordan et al. Given the above, it is imperative that real-world evidence about the effects of COVID-19 on cancer patients is collected and disseminated rapidly to inform clinical decisions. The outcomes for patients receiving various potential anti-COVID19 therapies are useful in determining which agents are most rational to investigate in future prospective clinical trials. Driven by the need to harmonize data, CCC19 has the potential to collect large scale, timely real-world data on cancer patients infected with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294628-ecg13s7a author = Chia, Ming Li title = Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3676 sentences = 206 flesch = 52 summary = During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. As such, isolation centers called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) were set up throughout the country to house patients with COVID-19 who were at low risk for dying of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294651-iy0h2pyf author = Nasrallah, Ali A. title = A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3364 sentences = 193 flesch = 46 summary = Abstract Background There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Randomized control trials (RCTs) are needed to provide unbiased evidence to guide the clinical care and public health practices aimed to control COVID-19 outbreak [16] . We included the following variables for our analysis: study ID, source register unique identifier, original registry, public title, primary sponsor, location (country and region), recruitment status, age range, gender, target size, study design, phase, publication (yes/no, count, and URL), intervention (category, subcategory, and name), primary outcomes, registration date, enrollment date, retrospective label, and trial URL. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial cache = ./cache/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294696-pm6pfeeb author = Kunz, Y. title = Was sollte ein Urologe zu SARS-Cov-2 wissen? Risikoanalyse für urologische Operationen und Handlungsempfehlungen im klinischen Alltag date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3216 sentences = 392 flesch = 43 summary = Ausgelöst wird diese Infektionskrankheit durch das Virus SARS-CoV-2 ("severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"), das zur Familie der β-Coronaviridiae bzw. Das SARS-CoV-2 wird im Wesentlichen via Tröpfcheninfektion -und somit über Aerosole -von symptomatischen COVID-19-Patienten übertragen. Es wurde eine Literatursuche in PubMed, bioRxiv und medRxiv sowie den Datenbanken der WHO und des CDC über SARS-CoV-2 und chirurgisches Prozedere bei infizierten Patienten durchgeführt. Das Prostatagewebe scheint demgegenüber nicht von SARS-CoV-2 befallen zu werden, zumindest konnte eine chinesische Gruppe in einer kleinen Studie keine Virus-RNA im Prostatasekret nachweisen [29] . Da basierend auf der oben angesprochenen Studienlage eine SARS-CoV-2-Übertragung mittels Urin denkbar ist, muss bei COVID-19-Patienten und unklaren Verdachtsfällen zusätzlich zur gängigen Schutzkleidung im Operationssaal auf FFP-2-Masken und Schutzbrillen zurückgegriffen werden. Da Aerosole nicht nur während der Operation, sondern bereits zuvor im Rahmen einer OP-Einleitung entstehen können, sollte laut aktuellen Empfehlungen unbedingt auf FFP-2-Masken im Falle eines zu behandelnden Patienten mit Verdacht auf oder einer bestätigten COVID-19-Infektion zurückgegriffen werden. cache = ./cache/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294685-rhhx5gcg author = Vasantha Raju, N. title = Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2181 sentences = 133 flesch = 53 summary = title: Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database The present study analyzed 89 Indian publications on SARS-CoV-2 accessible through WHO COVID-19 database. The study used World Health organization ( For current study the researcher used the following keywords to retrieve data on Indian Publication from WHO COVID-19 database. The study analyzed the date-wise Indian publication pattern on COVID-19, most profile authors, institutions with highest publications, states with highest publication based corresponding authors state affiliation, top journals in which Indians have published their publications frequently and document type and research area, author keywords tree map analysis and highly cited COVID-19 documents of Indian authors. Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) Current Status of Global Research on Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Bibliometric Analysis and Knowledge Mapping (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3547824) cache = ./cache/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294792-m6phbueb author = Pascual-Prieto, Javier title = Epidemia covid-19: ¿debe el oftalmólogo estar alerta ante las paresias oculomotoras? date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 510 sentences = 64 flesch = 51 summary = En la literatura revisada, los casos de paresias oculomotoras o síndromes neurológicos han acontecido en pacientes con enfermedad moderada-severa 3-5 . Sin embargo, otros grupos han publicado casos en los que teorizan una etiología para-infecciosa o simultánea para este mismo síndrome 5, 6 Como ya advierten Gutiérrez-Ortiz et al., es importante pensar que la relación entre las oftalmoparesias y la enfermedad por COVID-19 puede haber sido solo coincidental 3 Otros autores sugieren que en los pacientes más graves se desencadenan sucesos de hiperinflamación que pueden provocar fenómenos de inmunotrombosis en la microvasculatura. Aunque en nuestros pacientes con parálisis oculomotoras aisladas la enfermedad COVID-19 ha sido leve-moderada, no deja de ser una hipótesis que pudiera estar en consonancia con la etiología microvascular de los vasa nervorum. Podemos resumir que ante la falta de evidencia sobre la causa o casualidad de estos fenómenos neuroftalmológicos en el contexto de la enfermedad por COVID-19, el oftalmólogo puede y debe contribuir a esclarecer estas relaciones. cache = ./cache/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294571-qd0qjo3y author = Rothan, Hussin A. title = Molecular Aspects of COVID-19 Differential Pathogenesis date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3246 sentences = 173 flesch = 43 summary = Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) represents the primary SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, and its physiological role is crucial in the progress of COVID-19 illness. Previous studies on SARS-CoV-1 reported that the binding of viral spike (S) protein to ACE2 downregulates the expression of ACE2, resulting in a diminished protective role of ACE2 and, subsequently, acute respiratory failure [52] . The levels of ACE2 expression, which could be sex-and age-dependent, have a protective role against lung and kidney injuries that could impact the severity of COVID-19 illness in male vs. The susceptibility of cardio-metabolic patients to develop severe COVID-19 illness and the high mortality rate could be linked to the ACE2 function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardio-metabolic treatments that may interfere with ACE2-virus interaction. Previous studies on SARS-COV-1 reported that the binding of viral S protein to ACE2 downregulates the expression of ACE2, resulting in a diminished protective role of ACE2 and, subsequently, acute respiratory failure [52] . cache = ./cache/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294672-hcjxcn1n author = Namineni, Srinivas title = Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 617 sentences = 43 flesch = 51 summary = title: Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic Despite the guidelines, there seems to be a deficiency in dental care around the usage of additional sedation with nitrous oxide. This letter is intended to shed light on care to be taken while using inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide in dental practice. Universally accepted safety methods involving the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and surface disinfection methods are strictly recommended in dental practice while using inhalation sedation. With a proper nasal seal, and the hood and the rubber dam isolating the mouth, salivary contamination should significantly reduce contamination from aerosols. Because it is based on an inhalational route that involves the respiratory tract, lungs, and alveoli for gaseous exchange, respiratory anatomy and physiology have a significant influence on nitrous oxide sedation [3] . Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry: An overview of its applications and safety profile cache = ./cache/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294468-0v4grqa7 author = Kasilingam, Dharun title = Exploring the Growth of COVID‐19 Cases using Exponential Modelling Across 42 Countries and Predicting Signs of Early Containment using Machine Learning date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7484 sentences = 493 flesch = 54 summary = This research uses exponential growth modelling studies to understand the spreading patterns of the COVID‐19 virus and identifies countries that have shown early signs of containment until 26(th) March 2020. Machine learning models based on logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machines are developed and show accuracies between 76.2% to 92.9% to predict early signs of infection containment. The objective of the research is to develop a mathematical model using exponential growth analysis coupled with machine learning, to predict worldwide COVID-19 early containment signs. Secondly, the research aims at building supervised machine learning models with high accuracies for predicting signs of early containment with infrastructure availability, environmental factors, infection severity factors, and government policies of countries as independent variables. The research presents machine learning models based on variables such as infrastructure, environment, policies, and the infection itself, to predict early signs of containment in the country. cache = ./cache/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294768-bs6thjw2 author = Alonso-Fernández, Alberto title = Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4652 sentences = 278 flesch = 49 summary = title: Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and D-dimer values higher than 1 μg/mL presented a high prevalence of PE, regardless of clinical suspicion. [12] found, in a retrospective study in 184 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, a high prevalence of thrombotic complications and, by far, pulmonary embolism (PE) was the most frequent. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 pneumonia with high D-dimer values: A prospective study procoagulant (D-dimer) markers that correlated with the extend of the thromboembolic episode compared to those patients without PE. We included patients with D-dimer values higher than 1 μg/mL, which have been associated with disease severity and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 pneumonia with high D-dimer values: A prospective study of our patients, allocated in the non-PE group, was not on enoxaparin prophylaxis during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294579-qjga5nmd author = Sornsa-ard, Tuanrit title = Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 875 sentences = 60 flesch = 50 summary = Patients who require spine surgery should receive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening to prevent nosocomial cross-infection before surgery. This article aims to propose a treatment algorithm for the management of traumatic spine fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic. Operative treatment with full PPE and infection control measures is very important when a patient is detected to have CO-VID-19 by PCR testing. Patients without symptoms and at low risk of exposure to COVID-19 can be given a surgical face mask to prevent hospital-acquired infections. This is in contrast to the previous review, "Advice on standardized diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, " which suggested that chest computed tomography and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test should be performed three days before surgery [3, 6] . Advice on standardized diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294586-95iwcocn author = Kwuimy, C. A. K. title = Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6082 sentences = 334 flesch = 53 summary = title: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action We use a nonlinear susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed transmission model with added behavioral and government policy dynamics. Given that, as of the writing of this paper, the COVID-19 situation is still evolving with considerable uncertainty about the future, we wish to use this paper to validate the importance of mathematical modeling in general, and nonlinear dynamic analysis in particular, to enhance our insights. The initial number of infected and removed cases for the SEIR model in both periods was considered as the real data, i.e., I 0 ¼ 1 and R 0 ¼ 0 for uncontrolled and I 0 ¼ 3736 and R 0 ¼ 47 for controlled time span. In this paper, we adapted and developed an SEIR model for the COVID-19 pandemic including different transmission rates for contacts with infected and exposed and integrated parameters and variables to model government action and social reaction. cache = ./cache/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294831-pem059zk author = Zhang, Ling-Pu title = Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6173 sentences = 378 flesch = 54 summary = A report of five patients in a family cluster who traveled to Wuhan and were infected with SARS-CoV-2 was the first report directly illustrating that the virus is capable of person-to-person transmission in hospital and family settings [23] . Xiao and colleagues showed that 53.42% of 73 hospitalized COVID-19 patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens, and the duration time of positive stool results ranged from 1 to 12 days [27] . In a study published in The Lancet, 41 of 41 patients who were identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with pneumonia and abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) [6] . An article reported in Science shows that SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, indicating that ferrets represent an ideal animal model for evaluating antiviral drugs or vaccine candidates against COVID-19 [64] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294788-9usyb1nn author = Baek, Woong Kee title = A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4459 sentences = 231 flesch = 46 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is suspected that the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like picture in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is precipitated and worsened by the excess monocytes in response to GM-CSF, which is released by rapidly activated CD4+T-cell lineage [17] . have reported that the cytokine profile and the trend of the inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients present similarly to the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whose severe clinical presentation is related to the cytokine storm [23] . There is no consensus yet on how to treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and severity. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Epub ahead of print) cache = ./cache/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294810-mq9vjnro author = Huang, Qiong title = Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3439 sentences = 195 flesch = 52 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. According to the clinical manifestations, the confirmed COVID-19 patients can be divided into mild, common, severe, and critical type groups based on the China National Health Commission Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 6) [7] . The blood test also showed that in general, patients with severe COVID-19 had worse results such as electrolyte and inflammatory biomarker abnormalities than those in patients with the common-type infection. In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 as well as therapies they received during hospitalization in Hunan province, China. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294789-07hto8qn author = Schoch-Spana, Monica title = The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5808 sentences = 272 flesch = 37 summary = Members of the working group-listed as authors on this paper-included national figures in public health and social science with research, policy, and practice expertise in vaccinology, vaccine hesitancy/confidence, health disparities, infectious disease, bioethics, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health law, pandemic mitigation, public health preparedness, mass vaccination campaigns, community engagement, and crisis and emergency risk communication. A combination of literature reviews on vaccination, pandemic planning, and health crisis communication; an assessment of current news and social media trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines; and key informant interviews with each working group member focusing on their respective expertise formed the basis of the research presented in this article. To ensure a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it is necessary for sponsors to invest in time-critical investigations on human factors related to vaccine acceptance, and for public health authorities and other stakeholders to act on the social and behavioral findings of this research. cache = ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294624-d71za6hi author = Kapepula, Paulin M. title = Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2138 sentences = 129 flesch = 42 summary = authors: Kapepula, Paulin M.; Kabengele, Jimmy K.; Kingombe, Micheline; Van Bambeke, Françoise; Tulkens, Paul M.; Sadiki Kishabongo, Antoine; Decloedt, Eric; Zumla, Adam; Tiberi, Simon; Suleman, Fatima; Tshilolo, Léon; Muyembe-TamFum, Jean-Jacques; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. This highlights the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through controlled trials, and for efficacious compounds, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. 6, 7 Among many, derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua (Figure 1 ) have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. Annua for COVID-19 following claims from politicians and others in low-income countries highlights the need for hard data to establish the active ingredients; develop formulations and dosing; define the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety; and evaluate efficacy through controlled trials. cache = ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294700-pb5k21da author = Dulek, Daniel E title = Multidisciplinary Guidance Regarding the Use of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Acute COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14522 sentences = 835 flesch = 38 summary = Although the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric populations result in minimal or mild COVID-19 in the acute phase of infection, a small subset of children develop severe and even critical disease in this phase with concomitant inflammation that may benefit from immunomodulation. The framework presented herein offers an approach to decision-making regarding immunomodulatory therapy for severe or critical pediatric COVID-19 and is informed by currently available data, while awaiting results of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. Given the lack of available results from randomized-controlled trials of immunomodulatory therapy in children with COVID-19, the risk-benefit ratio for most pediatric patients points toward supportive care as the key management strategy. In the absence of such opportunity, and recognizing that definitive evidence is lacking, consideration for use of immunomodulatory agents in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with clinical and biochemical evidence of cytokine storm physiology (e.g., features of secondary HLH) should be limited to patients with clear evidence of critical COVID-19 disease and risk for multi-organ failure. cache = ./cache/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294800-akr4f5p8 author = Kabir, Md. Tanvir title = nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14084 sentences = 700 flesch = 44 summary = They also summarized that as viral load is quite high during the time of hospital admissions, use of potent antiviral agents at an early stage might prove Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; AP, antigen presentation; APCs, antigen presentation cells; APN, aminopeptidase N, ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CDC, Centers for Disease Control; nCOVID-19, novel coronavirus disease 2019; CoVs, coronaviruses; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; dsRNA, double-strand RNA; EC 50 , half maximal effective concentration; ED, emergency department; ELISA, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; EUA, emergency use authorization; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GGO, ground-glass opacity; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus;, MHC, major histocompatibility complex; or HLA, human leukocyte antigen; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin 6; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; N7-MTase, N7-methyltransferase; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; PUI, patient under investigation; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; S protein, spike protein; SAM, S-adenosyl-methionine; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; WHO, World Health Organization. cache = ./cache/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294871-bqw48zi5 author = Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title = Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 639 sentences = 46 flesch = 57 summary = title: Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign For example, our Indian colleagues, in a 56 pilot observational prospective study (raw data available at doi.org/10.17632/jdkx76y8fz.1), 57 examined outcomes in admitted COVID-19 patients by AGA severity. To further exemplify that, we present in this reply letter one of our 71 unpublished patients from Brazil: a previously healthy 37-year-old physician (HNS=5, depicted 72 in Fig1), with no previous co-morbidities; he required hospitalization for 21 days, which 73 included 16 days in the ICU (ventilator for 10 days and hemodialysis for 5 days). 5 It is remarkable that severe outcomes 81 such as requirement for ventilator and/or fatalities have occurred in men with this phenotype 82 without other known co-morbidities at younger age groups, such as 35-45 years. cache = ./cache/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294772-nma7w7of author = de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title = COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3582 sentences = 220 flesch = 61 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent's oral health perceptions The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. The changes in diet, economic issues, general concerns, fear, added to the lack of preventive dental care, could impact the oral health of children during the enforced stay-at-home orders. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fear level, dietary choices and parent's oral health perceptions during the stay-at-home orders period in Brazil. Regarding oral health, 24.4% of parents/caregivers reported their children were undergoing dental treatment before the pandemic. Association was found among parents/caregivers' willingness to take their children to dental appointments, fear level (p<0.001), and the local number of COVID-19 cases (p<0.001) ( Table 4) . The present study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the eating habits and dental care of children in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294912-xl0wzi16 author = Alteri, Claudia title = Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR in real-time PCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3630 sentences = 216 flesch = 49 summary = Since SARS-CoV-2-based disease (COVID-19) spreads as a pandemic, the necessity of a highly sensitive molecular diagnosis that can drastically reduce false negatives reverse transcription PCR (rtPCR) results, raises as a major clinical need. ddPCR-based assay detected SARS-CoV-2 genome in nasopharyngeal samples of 19 (34.5%) patients (median viral-load: 128 copies/mL, IQR: 72–345). Thanks to a ddPCR-based assay, we achieved a rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in rtPCR-negative respiratory samples of individuals with COVID-19 suspect, allowing the rapid taking care and correct management of these patients. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome was evaluated in 55 SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 suspected patients thanks to a quantitative ad hoc designed assay based on ddPCR. This proof-of-concept study shows that an in-house ddPCR-based assay can allow an efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2 at low copy number in symptomatic cases resulted negative by standard rtPCR. cache = ./cache/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294854-rvrgcugn author = Hu, Biying title = The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2781 sentences = 187 flesch = 47 summary = An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread throughout the world 1 . It has been reported that a cytokine storm is Accepted Article associated with the deterioration of many infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 4 . It is considered to be the main cause of disease severity and death in Accepted Article COVID-19 patients 5 , and is related to high levels of circulating cytokines, severe lymphopenia, thrombosis, and massive mononuclear cell infiltration in multiple organs 21 . Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist that blocks the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, has been reported to improve respiratory function and increase the survival rate of COVID-19 patients 73 . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of Accepted Article coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) cache = ./cache/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294861-inlaz4od author = Liu, Chen title = Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3240 sentences = 167 flesch = 51 summary = title: Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of six gynecological cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 30 to March 25, 2020. RESULTS: We observed a high rate of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection among these six gynecological cancer patients, who were in a low immune state. reported a case in which a lung cancer patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 recovered from pneumonia while continuing initial targeted therapy (10) . After antivirus and anti-infection treatment, combined with G-CSF (Recombinant Human Granulocytestimulating Factor) and immunity enhancing drugs, she was finally discharged from hospital after 35 days (Figure 1) . Moreover, cancer patients showed a state of low immunity after surgery or radio-/chemo-therapy treatment, so they became more susceptible to COVID-19 (12) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294906-1m4h116m author = Jarmoliński, Tomasz title = SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 103 flesch = 50 summary = title: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report Here, we report a unique case of a child with viral pneumonia caused by coinfection with human metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS‐CoV‐2 after HSCT. CONCLUSIONS: Posttransplant care in HSCT recipients with COVID‐19 infection is feasible in regular transplant units, provided the patient does not present with respiratory failure. Early and repeated testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in posttransplant patients with concomitant infection mitigation strategies should be considered in children after HSCT who develop fever, respiratory symptoms and perhaps gastrointestinal symptoms to control the spread of COVID‐19 both in patients and healthcare workers in hospital environments. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak Mortality from Respiratory Virus Infections within the First One Hundred Days in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation cache = ./cache/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294840-yo7b2v3k author = Milner, Adrienne title = We Need to Talk About Racism—In All of Its Forms—To Understand COVID-19 Disparities date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3720 sentences = 173 flesch = 43 summary = Building on these theories, Adrienne Milner developed an operational typology of white racial ideology that encompasses old-fashioned racism-characterized by the belief that blacks are inherently inferior to whites; institutional/systemic racism-inequities rooted in the practice of social and political institutions; symbolic racism-the belief that black people are responsible for their disadvantaged social position; laissez-faire racism-the notion that blacks' cultural inferiority is to blame for racial inequality; and color-blind racism-the belief that racism and discrimination are no longer a problem and that equal opportunity exists. 15 In addition to the short-term effects of discrimination, activation of the stress process 16 and unemployment and poverty 17 are strongly linked to a host of chronic disease outcomes, suggesting that COVID-19 might not only reveal existing disparities, but also create new patterns of racial inequality altogether. For example, whites who say, ''I don't believe in giving black people access to health care-they should get it themselves but are too lazy to get a job'' is thought to reflect a laissez-faire racist ideology, an older form of cultural racism. cache = ./cache/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294736-ji4jz3h6 author = Beşler, Muhammed Said title = Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 299 sentences = 27 flesch = 48 summary = title: Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient without previous history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with a new onset febrile sensation and chest pain. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement compatible with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case showed that acute myocarditis can be the initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection. Acute or fulminant myocarditis as well as heart failure have been reported with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and could be expected to occur with SARS-CoV-2, given the similar pathogenicity [2] . Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta-coronavirus infections could be associated with tachyarrhythmias and signs and symptoms of heart failure [3] . Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294900-pmrffqe3 author = Arbel, Yuval title = Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1488 sentences = 90 flesch = 49 summary = The current study attempts to investigate the relationships between infection, mortality and recovery rates from coronavirus and the prevalence of ADHD at the US statewide level. Based on information from 2011 regarding the prevalence of ADHD across the US by state, findings suggest that, while there are no correlations between ADHD and population size, infection and mortality rates from coronavirus, recovery rates (recovery-population ratio) rise with the prevalence of ADHD. (2020) , we test the correlation between infection, mortality and recovery from coronavirus (divided by the total population)-based on information from August 11, 2020; and prevalence of ADHD in 2011 at a US statewide-level. (2020) , the objective of the current study is to test the correlation between infection, mortality and recovery from coronavirus (divided by the total population)-based on information from August 11, 2020; and prevalence of ADHD in 2011 in the US at the statewide-level. cache = ./cache/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294948-o8mn0w7y author = Gathungu, D. K. title = Modeling the Effects of Non-PharmaceuticalInterventions on COVID-19 Spread in Kenya date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3965 sentences = 237 flesch = 53 summary = Different intervention scenarios are considered and results show that, implementation of closure of education insitutions, curfew and partial lockdown yield predicted delayed peaks of the overall infections, severe cases and fatalities and subsequently containement of the pandemic in the country. In [12] , they use an agestructured SIR model with social contact matrices from surveys and Bayesian imputation to gauge the spread of COVID-19 epidemic in India, where they use a generalization of the time dependent R O case study data, age distribution and social contact structure. They reported that the number of the infected cases is likely to be high and that isolation of the asymptomatic infectious population will not be enough measure. Based on studies of COVID-19 spread in China, Italy, and Spain, we suppose that if no mitigation measures are in place then an infectious individual would infect three secondary cases, in his/her interaction sphere. cache = ./cache/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294916-xc9ozxyn author = Oehmen, Josef title = Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8488 sentences = 476 flesch = 46 summary = While risk management, and to some lesser extent, management approaches focused on uncertainty, rely on a 'predict and plan' mindset (e.g. Van Poucke, Matthyssens, van Weele, & Van Bockhaven, 2019), resilience builds capabilities to 'monitor and react' (Hall et al., 2015) : This includes building capabilities in four areas: 1) Preparation, financially and operationally, for unexpected disruption (Sheffi, 2017) ; 2) Resistance, the immediate crisis management that moves the organization out of its denial and complacency, and minimizes the negative impact without delay (Henry & Ramirez-Marquez, 2016) ; 3) Recovery, when the organization works to regain pre-crisis performance by repairing damage, improvising, and making do; and 4) Learning, implementing new solutions refining them than possibly surpassing precrisis performance (Taleb, 2013) . First, it is important to note that the most widely used approach, risk management, is typically not geared towards providing meaningful responses to high-impact, low-probability events, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294910-gnc04ax1 author = Nogueira, Paulo Jorge title = The Role of Health Preconditions on COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal: Evidence from Surveillance Data of the First 20293 Infection Cases date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4935 sentences = 251 flesch = 42 summary = The risk factors for increased odds of death by COVID-19 were: sex (male: OR = 1.47, ref = female), age ((56–60) years, OR = 6.01; (61–65) years, OR = 10.5; (66–70) years, OR = 20.4; (71–75) years, OR = 34; (76–80) years, OR = 50.9; (81–85) years, OR = 70.7; (86–90) years, OR = 83.2; (91–95) years, OR = 91.8; (96–104) years, OR = 140.2, ref = (0–55)), Cardiac disease (OR = 2.86), Kidney disorder (OR = 2.95), and Neuromuscular disorder (OR = 1.58), while condition (None (absence of precondition); OR = 0.49) was associated with a reduced chance of dying after adjusting for other variables of interest. The data retrieved include individuals' demographic characteristics (age, sex, region), COVID-19 disease information (death, recovery, still in treatment, hospitalization, intensive care, respiratory support), and preconditions (Asthma, Cancer, Cardiac disease, Hematological disorder, Diabetes, HIV and other immune deficiency, Kidney disorder, Liver disorder, Neuromuscular disorder, Other precondition and None (absence of precondition)). cache = ./cache/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295066-76se8mxq author = Botti, Fiorenzo title = URGENT SURGERY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN A HIGH INCIDENCE AREA - EXPERIENCE FROM A HIGH-VOLUME CENTRE date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1720 sentences = 80 flesch = 47 summary = [4] As a tertiary referral centre for the surgical management of IBD patients, it was important to clearly define which complicated IBD cases were to be operated, by taking into account several variables including disease severity and quality of life, presence of comorbidities, feasibility of an alternative procedure. According to the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on the IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic, [5] routine elective operations should be deferred, while emergency procedures (e.g. colectomy in acute severe ulcerative colitis [UC] or intestinal resection in septic complications of penetrating Crohn's disease [CD]) should continue. Complex surgical IBD cases should also be deferred when possible and its timing must be regularly reviewed at multidisciplinary meetings, trying to optimize medical treatment (e.g. using partial or exclusive enteral nutrition regimens or draining abscesses in combination with antibiotic therapy) and to avoid surgery or change the timing from emergency to urgent or semi-urgent. cache = ./cache/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294958-4982wy81 author = Hunt, Madison title = A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 614 sentences = 52 flesch = 58 summary = title: A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospitalization that presented with fever and extensive rash as the primary presenting symptoms. Six days later, the patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with continued fever and rash. COVID-19 may rarely present with an associated morbilliform viral eruption and should not be discarded as a diagnostic possibility in patients with viral syndrome and rash. We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a young, healthy male requiring hospitalization, which presented with fever and extensive rash. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 have been described in several publications, most thoroughly in a case series of 1099 patients by Guan et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294933-oc2glu4a author = Cinesi Gómez, César title = Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5643 sentences = 337 flesch = 45 summary = The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. The present document has been developed by consensus among the scientific societies involved in acute respiratory failure in adult patients, and seeks to provide a more detailed description of the recommendations on the use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) secondary to infection by the newly emergent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes so-called COVID-19 disease, as a complement to the information emitted by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Wellbeing (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [MSC]), 1,2 which is frequently updated and establishes a series of general recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294969-57xgqf2g author = Green, Bart N. title = Rapid Deployment of Chiropractic Telehealth at 2 Worksite Health Centers in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations from the Field date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5987 sentences = 370 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the rapid deployment of remote musculoskeletal care through telehealth, particularly using real time video conferencing, for chiropractic services integrated in 2 health centers located on 2 campuses of a large company in California. There were 3 distinct challenges to operationalizing remote RTVCs: (1) the chiropractors had to conduct their part of the visits from their homes; (2) the patients had to access visits from home; and (3) there was no direct contact with the interprofessional provider team, health center management, or technical support. The setting and context of the WSHC environment is a key part of how we have operationalized the use of chiropractic RTVCs. The interprofessional collaborative team that staffs the health center greatly facilitates the ability to transition rapidly from in-clinic care to RTVCs. The providers have a regular practice of working as a team. cache = ./cache/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295041-5vpawtef author = Jakhmola, Shweta title = SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5012 sentences = 310 flesch = 39 summary = Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients is confirmed through genome sequencing [4] ; however, experimental evidence is needed to validate virusmediated neurological damage. Furthermore, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2-expressing neuronal/glial cells may facilitate virus entry into the nervous system through different routes. cache = ./cache/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294966-3jolt83r author = Joensen, L. E. title = Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries? date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4016 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = The COVID-19 outbreak and associated mass media coverage about the course of the pandemic worldwide and the frightening mortality levels in some countries are expected to increase the prevalence and change the character of psychological problems, including anxiety, depression and stress among citizens in affected countries [4] [5] [6] . Alongside with items on COVID-19-specific worries, the questionnaire included items on sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes-specific social support, diabetes distress as well as changes in diabetes-specific behaviours. • This study showed a high prevalence of diabetesspecific worries related to COVID-19, especially fear of being overly affected by the virus, labelling of people with diabetes as a high-risk group, and inability to manage diabetes if infected. This study of 1396 people with diabetes showed that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic were highly prevalent. cache = ./cache/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294924-5u2tfyd0 author = Ali, Nurshad title = Is SARS-CoV-2 associated with liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients? date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1236 sentences = 70 flesch = 52 summary = A very recent study included 417 patients reported 76.3% of liver test abnormalities and 21.5% of liver injury among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Cai et al. The authors observed that patients with elevated liver enzymes in the hepatocyte category had an increasing trend for progression to severe disease course. The prevalence of ALT and AST abnormalities were observed at least two times higher among severe patients than non-severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Zhao et al. A high prevalence of liver test abnormalities in some studies, suggesting that liver injury in COVID-19 patients might be directly caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection of liver cells (Cai et al. 2020) , which may partially clarify the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the liver test abnormalities in COVID-19 patients (Cai et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. cache = ./cache/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294963-h68fy5sy author = Al-Zaman, M. S. title = Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 literature date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3375 sentences = 261 flesch = 63 summary = A total of 159 countries produce COVID-19-related researches, and the USA (25.433%) is in the leading position. Apart from such uninvited issues, understanding the ongoing COVID-19-related research trend is essential, and a systematic bibliometric analysis of the relevant published literature may able to provide some insights in this respect. (2020) in their study searched the PubMed database with the keyword "COVID-19" and extracted the data of 183 publications published from 14 January to 29 February 2020. Unlike the top 10 authors and sources, the top 10 countries produce the bulk share of the publications, i.e., n=14633 papers and 89.312% of the total outputs (Table 06 ). This bibliometric study analyzed N=16384 publications' data related to COVID-19 that were extracted from the Web of Science database. Fifth, the present study finds BMJ as the leading source of COVID-19-related researches, followed by the Journal of Medical Virology that supports the finding of Kambhampati et al. cache = ./cache/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295058-c88fq1de author = Ardila, Alfredo title = Executive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 650 sentences = 55 flesch = 27 summary = Dear Sir, Executive function disturbances ("dysexecutive syndrome") have usually been associated with frontal lobe pathology [1, 2] . The previous information suggests than in a significant number of cases COVID-19 infection may be associated with an executive dysfunction syndrome. In addition, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which as a pulmonary manifestation has received much attention during this pandemic, can lead to long-term cognitive impairments. Although the paper does not elaborate on the type of cognitive difficulty experienced by this group of patients, a personal communication with the corresponding author of the paper reveals that majority of the study participants had either attention impairment or dysexecutive symptoms, suggesting a frontal lobar dysfunction in either case. Both in acute phase as well as in the long run, executive dysfunction may be anticipated to be a part of neurological consequences of this viral infection. cache = ./cache/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295082-z29567vc author = Belingheri, Michael title = Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 168 sentences = 18 flesch = 57 summary = key: cord-295082-z29567vc authors: Belingheri, Michael; Paladino, Maria Emilia; Piacenti, Susanna; Riva, Michele Augusto title: Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date: 2020-07-11 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26253 sha: doc_id: 295082 cord_uid: z29567vc nan The spread of COVID-19 may be interrupted by early detection, isolation, prompt treatment, and the implementation of a robust system to trace contacts. 3 spreading some of these diseases (eg. chickenpox). COVID-19 epidemic indeed led to a decreasing flow to the ED, due to a common fear of being infected during ED in-stay. Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers Working schedule, sleep quality, and susceptibility to COVID-19 in healthcare workers COVID-19: health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy Pattern of emergency department referral during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy cache = ./cache/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295029-zki5ac2g author = Pena, Robert C.F. title = In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Coronavirus Neurosurgical/Head and Neck Drape to Prevent Aerosolization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health Solution” date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1647 sentences = 93 flesch = 38 summary = 1 This simple, cost-effective method can be easily assembled and is flexible with minimal disruption of the surgery being performed, while offering the ability to shield essential personnel in the operating room during procedures involving drilling of air-cells potentially harboring SARS-CoV-2 virions. 1,10 This draping method may therefore provide additional protection to surgeons against multiple viruses aerosolized by a wide range of drill settings, although further research should be conducted regarding COVID-19 aerosol generation in relation to drill speed in neurosurgical and otolaryngology-based procedures. Finally, whereas other researchers have proposed various methods of mask modification or alternate materials to provide barrier protection against COVID-19 aerosol transmission, 9 this and prior draping techniques may offer additional simple, easy to assemble, and cost-effective intraoperative protection. Specifically, this method provides protection to neurosurgical staff during high-speed drilling in the posterior fossa, whereas previously described drapes focus more on the restricted dissemination of COVID-19-laden aerosols during intubation, extubation, positive pressure ventilation, and endonasal endoscopic procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295068-2q3ts04l author = Liu, Yang title = Prominent coagulation disorder is closely related to inflammatory response and could be as a prognostic indicator for ICU patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3358 sentences = 187 flesch = 45 summary = Our results showed that the prolonged PT, FDP, DD were positively correlated with the levels of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, multi-inflammation cytokines, and negatively correlated with the lymphocytes level (p < 0.01). In conclusion, blood coagulation disorder was prominent in ICU patients with COVID-19 and was correlated with multi-inflammation factors. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of the blood coagulation system abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and discussing the characteristics, influencing factors, and its prognosis. The coagulation parameters, including the prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fib), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), DD (d-dimer) and antithrombin III (ATIII) were performed using the Stago STA-R automatic blood coagulation analyzer (Stago, France). As shown in Supplementary Table 1 , the prolonged PT, FDP and d-dimer were positively correlated with the level of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, and multi-inflammation cytokines, and negatively correlated with the lymphocytes level. cache = ./cache/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295051-upyar7en author = Ahmadian, Elham title = Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4859 sentences = 321 flesch = 45 summary = The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced kidney damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect the kidney podocytes and proximal tubular cells and based on an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway it can lead to acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman's capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. 6, 7 The initial impact might be the direct role of the virus on the renal parenchyma mediated by activating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which functions as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor. 22 Altogether, these reports clarify that kidney cells are targeted by SARS-CoV-2 and new strategies are needed to treat Covid-19 to prevent organ infection and dysfunction. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China Acute kidney injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection: direct effect of virus on kidney proximal tubule cells cache = ./cache/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295113-2c4o4hd6 author = Enwemeka, Chukuka Samuel title = Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4443 sentences = 203 flesch = 40 summary = This paper cites several studies showing that phototherapy has immense potential to reduce the impact of coronavirus diseases, and offers suggested ways that the healthcare industry can integrate modern light technologies in the fight against COVID-19 and other infections. Furthermore, as detailed below, laboratory experiments show that red and near infrared light, with wavelengths approximately in the range of 600 -700 nm and 700 -1000 nm respectively, have the potential to reduce lung J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof inflammation and fibrosis, and hence acute respiratory disorder syndrome, a major cause of death in every coronavirus pandemic, including the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrobial blue light may serve another useful purpose in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic; it could be used effectively to sanitize equipment, tools, hospital facilities, emergency care vehicles, homes, and the general environment as pilot studies have shown [54] [55] [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295107-67tts3oj author = Ozturk, Ayperi title = Bronchoscopic procedures during COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences in Turkey date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2143 sentences = 132 flesch = 49 summary = RESULTS: This study included 126 patients; 36 required interventional bronchoscopic techniques (28.6%), 74 required endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS; 58.7%), and 16 required flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (12.7%). 7 Although bronchoscopy is a procedure used for the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions, it is also known as an aerosolgenerating procedure, so it results in a high risk of infection for health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 On the other hand, throughout the pandemic, patients continued to be admitted with symptoms not related to COVID-19 infection, but as a result of suspected lung cancer instead. We proved that these differences did not cause any problems in the detection of COVID-19 in either patients and health care workers after the procedure. Based on our experience, the answer to this question is no, EBUS and/or bronchoscopy should not be postponed in patients with known or suspected lung cancer; we determined that COVID-19 transmission can be prevented by taken sufficient and necessary precautions. cache = ./cache/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295237-kdwcnav6 author = Shen, Cong title = Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3486 sentences = 192 flesch = 60 summary = title: Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography OBJECTIVES: This study aims to trace the dynamic lung changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using computed tomography (CT) images by a quantitative method. The lesions are detected automatically and the parameters including lesion volume (LeV/mL), lesion percentage to lung volume (LeV%), mean lesion density (MLeD/HU), low attenuation area lower than – 400HU (LAA-400%), and lesion weight (LM/mL*HU) are computed for quantification. The dynamic changes in the lesion volume for each patient were plotted according to the course of the disease and were learned by the spline insertion method, as shown in Fig. 4-A. Based on our knowledge, this is the first study for tracing the dynamic lung changes of COVID-19 by an accurate quantitative way in the aspect of lesion size and lesion density, as well as the distribution among the five lobes and the changes trending in the five lobes. cache = ./cache/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295144-tyyc81uc author = Stradner, Martin H. title = Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9901 sentences = 442 flesch = 39 summary = In this review, we summarize the published cases of COVID-19 infections in RMD patients, including patients with inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases as well as anti-phospholipid syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome. It also reviews the general risk of viral infections in patients with RMD, the impact of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on the outcome of infections, and gives a comparison between present and previous coronavirus pandemics. This argues against a protective role of HCQ (in the usually administered dose for RMD patients) in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is also supported by pharmacological in vitro data describing a much higher level needed for effective viral inhibition (61) . In conclusion, data published in the first 6 months do not consistently describe a higher risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 or a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with either inflammatory arthritis or connective tissue diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295126-lz2jbmcn author = Toresdahl, Brett G. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2405 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = First and foremost, preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is needed to reduce the risk of spread to individuals within a community who are most at risk of severe infection or death, which includes older individuals and the immunocompromised. Sports medicine providers can support athletes and teams during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating the following preventative measures: With these limitations, testing algorithms offered preference to patients with symptoms (fever, cough, or shortness of breath), an immunocompromised state, or close contact with someone with COVID-19. In-home isolation is recommended for athletes with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 who do not show severe symptoms. If an athlete on a sports team develops symptoms consistent with COVID-19, teammates, coaches, and other staff who had close contact with the athlete (within 6 feet) in the preceding 14 days should begin in-home isolation. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295140-4gdlbc45 author = Yu, Pey‐Jen title = Hypermetabolism and COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 964 sentences = 72 flesch = 49 summary = METHOD: Resting energy expenditure (REE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured by indirect calorimetry on seven critically ill patients with COVID‐19. As Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is associated with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induction of a hypermetabolic state, 2 we hypothesize that patients with COVID-19 may develop a hypermetabolic state which may be a major contributing factor to the extraordinary ventilatory and oxygenation demands in patients with COVID-19. 2, 3 The profoundly increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production seen in our patient cohort as a result of their hypermetabolism may help explain the high failure rates for mechanical ventilation for patients with severe COVID-19. 6 We are currently involved in studies looking at the ideal target calories relative to the REE measured from indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295142-5sqkdpi8 author = Han, Y. title = The active lung microbiota landscape of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3028 sentences = 199 flesch = 47 summary = The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), containing microenvironment information on bronchioles and lung alveoli from the lower respiratory tract, is one of key sample types for characterizing the host inflammatory response and microbiota of COVID-19 patients as lung is one of main organs for the infection of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 8) . In this study, we systematically profiled the transcriptionally active microbiota landscape in BALF from COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals, identified microorganism composition in healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, found disease-specific active microbes in the COVID-19 patient group, revealed the interaction between several bacteria or viruses and SARS-CoV-2. The diversity analysis revealed that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 probably caused a different lung microbiota composition in the COVID-19 patient group compared with the healthy group. Our study provides insight into the active microbiota in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and will contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of the disease and complications. cache = ./cache/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295116-eo887olu author = Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy title = Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4708 sentences = 252 flesch = 50 summary = title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Recurrent LSTM networks has capability to address the limitations of traditional time series forecasting techniques by adapting nonlinearities of given COVID-19 dataset and can result state of the art results on temporal data. Accord-COVID-19 forecasting using LSTM Networks ing to this second model within 10 days, Canada is expected to see exponential growth of confirmed cases. cache = ./cache/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295145-ry4e2izd author = Das, Pratik title = In-Silico approach for identification of effective and stable inhibitors for COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) from flavonoid based phytochemical constituents of Calendula officinalis date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6425 sentences = 323 flesch = 55 summary = In-Silico Docking showed that major phytochemicals of Calendula officinals i.e. rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside, narcissin, calendulaglycoside B, calenduloside, calendoflavoside have better binding energy than the native ligand (inhibitor N3). Our in silico (Virtual molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation) studies pointed out that flavonoid based phytochemicals of calendula (rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside) may be highly effective for inhibiting M(pro) which is the main protease for SARS-CoV-2 causing the deadly disease COVID-19. Docking study has shown that Calendoflaside also interacted with 16 amino acid residue among which 15 (Arg188, Asp187, Met165, His163, Ser144, Glu166, Phe140, Leu141, Cys145, Gly143, Asn142, Leu27, Met49, Gln189, His41) coincides with that of the native ligand which gives us a clear idea that Calendoflaside also binds to major amino acid residue responsible for inhibition of COVID-19 main protease (M pro ). Apo-form of COVID-19 main protease (apo-M pro ), top three (Rutin, Isorhamnetin-3-O-b-D, Calendoflaside) docked ligands with higher binding affinity and the crystal structure of COVID-19 M pro with inhibitor N3 have been selected to find out their system stability, flexibility, and other dynamic properties through 100 ns MD simulation. cache = ./cache/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295121-4xemmaqt author = Ferreira, Eliane de Oliveira title = Should We Be Worried About Clostridioides difficile During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic? date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2301 sentences = 117 flesch = 40 summary = The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated symptoms, termed COVID-19 disease, originally in Wuhan, China in 2019, has rapidly become a global pandemic (Park, 2020) . Although some of those risk factors for CDI are also related to higher probability rates of mortality in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the limited number of CDI cases reported among COVID-19 patients is somewhat surprising. The authors emphasized that when CDI is present as a co-infection with COVID-19 and the diarrhea persists, therapy can be difficult because of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dearth of studies regarding secondary infections, such as Clostridioides difficile, in COVID-19 patients makes it difficult to measure the effect of the pandemic on antimicrobial stewardship programs and on long term antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, it seems highly likely that cases of CDI are being under-reported among COVID-19 patients and the increased use of antibiotics may, in part, be responsible. cache = ./cache/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295223-5mlbup1i author = Lakhdar, Fayçal title = Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1027 sentences = 57 flesch = 45 summary = title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient's management from an African neurosurgical center Altogether, the number of neurosurgical departments in the whole country was reduced and their activity was restricted to emergencies and critically ill patients. Academic neurosurgery departments have to manage, in addition to urgent and emergent neurosurgical cases, public health concerns regarding disease transmission, and the safety of department staff. For emergent and urgent cases, a COVID-19 swab was routinely carried out, and surgical operations were performed under strict precautions to minimize exposure to the virus. Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy The impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy cache = ./cache/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295276-fic96llm author = Corpuz, Jeff Clyde G title = COVID-19: spiritual interventions for the living and the dead date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 599 sentences = 46 flesch = 60 summary = The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, providing assistance in their healing process and giving spiritual support to the bereaved family members. 2 Specifically, the authors address the possible physical and mental health intervention for funeral directors and those handling the dead. The author adds to their findings the spiritual and religious intervention for the dead by providing spiritual care to both the dead and the bereaved family members. The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, provide assistance in their healing process and give spiritual support to the bereaved family members. Religious leaders must provide immediate attention to also care for the bereaved family members who are grieving. The author suggests that creative funeral rites, liturgical and sacramental services be provided to remember the dead and to ease the grief of the bereaved family members. cache = ./cache/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295407-aq011b97 author = Pettus, Katherine title = Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1469 sentences = 64 flesch = 36 summary = Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. The additional COVID-19 burden of health-related suffering only underscores the government obligation to take a balanced approach to the regulation of internationally controlled substances, and to make strategic interventions, in partnership with clinical associations, to ensure the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines for primary, intensive, and palliative care. cache = ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295270-6ptaxg74 author = Titanji, Boghuma K title = Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib – Impact on COVID-19 Coagulopathy? Jorgensen et. al. date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 501 sentences = 54 flesch = 63 summary = authors: Titanji, Boghuma K; Farley, Monica M; Schinazi, Raymond F; Marconi, Vincent C Baricitinib through its immunomodulatory effects as highlighted by Jorgensen et.al may in fact be beneficial in terms of reducing coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19, which is thought to be primarily mediated by hyper-inflammation and endothelial damage. All of the cohort studies of baricitinib for COVID-19 treatment led to significant decline in inflammatory M a n u s c r i p t markers for patients who received the drug 2,3,8 . Regarding baricitinib, ACTT2 should provide clarity on the VTE issue in the near future and its role in the treatment of COVID-19 in moderate to severe patients. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial Use of Baricitinib in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 Vincent Marconi and Raymond F Schinazi are partially funded by -Emory University Center for AIDS Research (AI050409). cache = ./cache/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295243-6osemfvk author = Jackson, Debra title = Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2291 sentences = 90 flesch = 57 summary = Indeed, we see reports that nurses in many parts of the world are grappling with shortages of much-needed supplies including personal protective equipments such as masks, gloves and gowns, yet are actively embracing the challenges presented by COVID-19. Nurse educators and administrators are tasked with ensuring that students meet academic requirements while recognising the current pressures faced by health services and the need for nurses to be able to simultaneously meet the demands on them as nurses, students, parents, siblings, partners and the myriad of other roles that each nurse has to manage in their daily lives. The way this crisis has unfolded has meant that we have all sorts of new challenges in seeking to meet the health needs of our populations. cache = ./cache/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295393-aln51r9y author = Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia title = Unexpected high mortality in COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis()() date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 907 sentences = 66 flesch = 62 summary = J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f TO THE EDITOR: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to be at a greater risk for severe symptoms and complications, including death from COVID-19. As has been Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f previously described, in our analysis, age and male sex were associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19 and DKA. 7, 8 Moreover, majority of our patients were Hispanic or African American, and it has been proposed that these patients have a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: Risk factors that increase morbidity cache = ./cache/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295150-uw8lwgrh author = Sockalingam, Sanjeev title = The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 73 flesch = 30 summary = In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self‐management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. The rapid implementation of virtual care during COVID-19 will offer greater research opportunities for improving our understanding of e-health effectiveness in youth populations, long-term outcomes (including weight loss), key implementation factors, and patient response. cache = ./cache/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295274-gzkfy70s author = Mecham, Jeffrey C. title = Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID‐19 and Other Special Considerations date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2901 sentences = 160 flesch = 37 summary = METHODS: We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID‐19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS‐CoV‐1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. RESULTS: Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID‐19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. One concern for healthcare professionals managing the airways of COVID-19 patients is the risk of viral exposure during aerosol-generating procedures, including intubation and tracheostomy. There is a plausible risk for increased intraprocedural viral exposure via secretions and aerosolized particles when tracheostomy is performed percutaneously because this technique requires additional manipulation of the airway with multiple, repetitive dilations. Given the severity and uncertain clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19, in addition to the increased risk of transmission to clinicians during aerosol generating procedures, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. cache = ./cache/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295391-e5it7nxl author = Alahmadi, Adel Salah title = Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3266 sentences = 211 flesch = 47 summary = title: Residents' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents' clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. 6, 7 In addition to disruption in clinical and surgical teaching, didactic teaching programs such as grand rounds and lectures were administered through virtual platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco WebEx. We believed that ophthalmology residents had experienced remarkable limitations in their clinical training and surgical exposure due to these dramatic changes. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore COVID-19 related experiences and perceptions of ophthalmology residents in various Saudi programs. We believe that COVID-19 had significantly impacted trainees' mental health currently enrolled in the Saudi ophthalmology residency programs. cache = ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295412-ow9lqhrw author = Chaturvedi, Seemant title = The interplay between COVID 19 and non-communicable diseases date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 617 sentences = 40 flesch = 56 summary = A second noteworthy observation from the study is the link between ischemic heart disease and stroke and COVID-19 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic may also be inflicting collateral damage on patients with heart disease and stroke. Avoidance of the hospital can thereby cause delay in medical care for patients with heart disease and stroke and potentially a higher rate of complications. Other limitations of the study may include variation in test methods, rates of testing and availability of resources for testing by country, and a need for a reassessment at the policy level of what may or may not work during the pandemic as evidenced by relatively low COVID-19 death rates in some high-income countries (e.g., Denmark, Norway, Germany, New Zealand) but not others. Importantly, hospitals will need to balance bed availability for patients with both COVID-19 and traditional non-communicable diseases. Covid-19 pandemic and burden of non-communicable diseases: An ecological study on data of 185 countries cache = ./cache/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author = Zhao, Pengcheng title = A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6209 sentences = 286 flesch = 58 summary = In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. Thus, we propose choosing a region with a sufficient number of COVID-19 cases and their detailed case reports to illustrate the role of different types of location in person-to-person transmission of this disease. Based on the collected and deduced information, we compared the epidemic situations between cities and/or provinces and enumerated the cases for the various location clusters. Figure 1 specifies all locations outside the home where case clustering occurred, and all train or flight numbers are marked along with the cases' travel date. Figure 3b , the number of contacts between cases of different distances (i.e., inter-province, inter-city and intra-city) varied by location category. This study analysed the epidemic situations in various areas in the three provinces of Northeast China and the effects of various types of infection location on identified COVID-19 clusters. cache = ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295324-t1zvz1zg author = Liu, Yin title = Mental Health Status of Paediatric Medical Workers in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3349 sentences = 181 flesch = 51 summary = Males, doctors, individuals aged between 31‑60 years, those with senior job titles, those who had contact with patients with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, those who worked on the clinical frontlines fighting the epidemic and those who had experience combating similar outbreaks were more likely to have depression, anxiety or stress symptoms. Previous studies have shown that during and after the outbreak of SARS in 2003, medical workers suffered from different degrees of psychological distress, such as stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, due to a lack of mental health care. In this study, 2031 paediatric medical workers in China were surveyed to understand the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among such workers during the epidemic in order to provide a scientific basis for psychological protection and intervention. Sociodemographic characteristics included gender, age, identity (doctor/nurse), professional title, education, health condition, area of work during the coronavirus outbreak, experience with similar public health events and frontline anti-epidemic personnel status (exposure to patients with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295523-5pv7kw6i author = Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea title = Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7905 sentences = 390 flesch = 39 summary = However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). We critically review the rationale for the adoption of immunosuppressive agents, commonly used in autoimmune diseases, in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and report current knowledge of ongoing studies. The exacerbated reaction to infections or to biological therapy is caused by the rapid recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and alter the fragile balance between a controlled immune response and a host-damaging reaction. As of now, four clinical trials are recruiting patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory failure, and CRS, aiming at evaluating the safety and effectiveness of anakinra alone or in combination with anti-IL-6 agents (NCT04330638, NCT0432402, NCT04357366, NCT04339712). High disease activity is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis cache = ./cache/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295569-5dakd9en author = Ogaugwu, Christian title = Effect of Weather on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality in Lagos, Nigeria date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2483 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = This study therefore explored the effects of daily temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Nigeria. In this study, we explored how daily atmospheric temperature and humidity affect COVID-19 transmission in Lagos state, the epicenter of the disease. During the period of this study (9 th March to 12 th May 2020), Lagos state recorded a daily maximum incidence of 183 COVID-19 confirmed cases (Table 1; Figure 1 ). Table 2 shows the result of the correlation test between COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state and the meteorological factors, temperature and humidity. [18] found a negative correlation between average daily temperature and COVID-19 cases in mainland China similar to this study, but they observed a correlation between humidity and the disease as well. cache = ./cache/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author = Shook, Natalie J. title = Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4592 sentences = 270 flesch = 40 summary = This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. In general, younger age, higher income, more populated location of residence, more recent illness, better perceived health, having/had COVID-19, greater religiosity, greater extraversion, greater conscientiousness, greater perceived infectability, greater germ aversion, and greater pathogen disgust sensitivity were associated with engaging in most (at least three) of the preventative health behaviors more frequently. When demographic, health, social, personality, and BIS variables were considered simultaneously, greater germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative behaviors. cache = ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295527-d5laummv author = El-Baba, Firas title = Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1823 sentences = 120 flesch = 52 summary = title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus . A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the COVID-19. ► A VP shunt may predispose individuals to prolonged viral shedding of the novel coronavirus. Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295398-soa71kwx author = Moghadas, Seyed M. title = The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1957 sentences = 94 flesch = 31 summary = Our results indicate that symptom-based isolation must be supplemented by rapid contact tracing and testing that identifies asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, in order to safely lift current restrictions and minimize the risk of resurgence. Our results indicate that symptom-based isolation must be supplemented by rapid contact tracing and testing that identifies asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, in order to safely lift current restrictions and minimize the risk of resurgence. To quantify the population-level contribution of silent transmission to COVID-19 spread, we extended our previous model (2, 3) to include asymptomatic infections and the presymptomatic stage, parameterized with data regarding the trajectory of symptom onset and the proportion of secondary cases generated in each stage of infection (1, 4) . Our results highlight the role of silent transmission as the primary driver of COVID-19 outbreaks and underscore the need for mitigation strategies, such as contact tracing, that detect and isolate infectious individuals prior to the onset of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295431-p9iy7uaf author = Atangana, Ernestine title = Facemasks simple but powerful weapons to protect against COVID-19 spread: Can they have sides effects? date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9778 sentences = 441 flesch = 53 summary = Climatic factors including climate temperature, humidity, wind speed have played some crucial role in respect to the transition of the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-COV-2) and patient's recovery and the death rate across the globe. With all these results in hand, there is a clear evidence that the wind could be a carrier of droplets containing concentration of COVID-19, while some case studied have been done for indoor and outdoor exposure with a wind speed of 2km/h, no mathematical model has been suggested to see in general how far such droplets could be transported. It was also observed that the transport followed a crossover behaviour, where during the first period, the transport followed a fading memory process but later a power law behaviour, with no steady state, this was very interesting as this shows that, when the COVID-19 infected person sneezed there were no wind effect, thus concentration released in the air with initial speed was able to spread like in the results described in [66] see Figure 8 below. cache = ./cache/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295138-xud3y0ko author = Datta, Niloy R. title = Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2787 sentences = 184 flesch = 51 summary = title: Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia Thus, maximal utilization of the available RT infrastructure with minimum additional costs could be possible by adopting HFRT with or without increased working hours to improve the RT coverage. 19 Strategies for maximal utilization of radiotherapy infrastructure with minimal cost escalation It is assumed that RT centers presently functioning have adequate RT personnel to run their existing facilities for an eight-hour normal working hours of a department. The strategies presented here could be applicable to any center and could enhance cancer care capability not only in Asia but also in any other region thereby providing a cost-effective solution with additional returns on investment. Breast radiotherapy under COVID-19 pandemic resource constraints --approaches to defer or shorten treatment from a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States Teleradiotherapy network: applications and feasibility for providing cost-effective comprehensive radiotherapy care in low-and middle-income group countries for cancer patients cache = ./cache/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295341-wkehj39d author = Faqihi, Fahad title = Comment on Hu et al: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 735 sentences = 61 flesch = 49 summary = The authors outlined the main pathophysiologic features of the cytokine storm, which was linked to fulminant SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) and its putative therapies, in the absence of effective vaccines and antiviral treatment. TPE still carries the risk of exposure to a highly transmissible virus; hence, proper application of personal protective equipment by the staff, careful handling of the TPE devices, and utilization of the pertinent disposables as biohazardous materials is deemed to be necessary as should be the case for all extracorporeal blood purification therapies used in COVID-19 patients. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295475-o3ns4cfn author = Dastan, Farzaneh title = Tocilizumab administration in a refractory case of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 880 sentences = 62 flesch = 46 summary = In the current case, we faced a refractory COVID-19 case who did not respond to conventional therapeutic agents and tocilizumab administered as a salvage therapy. In contrast to hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab may be a useful agent in severe cases who have not responded to conventional therapy (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and antivirals) and those patients with elevated levels of IL-6 [3] . However, while tocilizumab is a promising agent against COVID-19, it is not an appropriate agent in patients with active or latent tuberculosis, bacterial and fungal infections, multi-organ failure, and gastrointestinal perforation [7] . In conclusion, tocilizumab may be considered a salvage therapeutic agent in COVID-19 patients who did not respond to other agents. COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Liver Transplant Recipient on Hemodialysis and Response to Tocilizumab Therapy: A Case Report Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab cache = ./cache/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295593-e4akxqv5 author = Bull-Otterson, Lara title = Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment — United States, January–June 2020 date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2856 sentences = 124 flesch = 37 summary = On March 20, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate in the Strategic National Stockpile to be used by licensed health care providers to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19 when the providers determine the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the patient.* Following reports of cardiac and other adverse events in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 (2), on April 24, 2020, FDA issued a caution against its use† and on June 15, rescinded its EUA for hydroxychloroquine from the Strategic National Stockpile.§ Following the FDA's issuance of caution and EUA rescindment, on May 12 and June 16, the federal COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel issued recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19; the panel also noted that at that time no medication could be recommended for COVID-19 preor postexposure prophylaxis outside the setting of a clinical trial (3). cache = ./cache/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295516-hgqwef94 author = Veerasuri, S. title = Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4414 sentences = 216 flesch = 53 summary = The objectives were to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, training, and trainee well-being, with the overarching aim of reporting key learning points from this experience, which could inform future planning by radiology schools in the event of a second-wave of COVID-19 or future pandemics. When asked about how COVID-19 and its related effects had impacted on trainee well-being, 48% (14/29) reported experiencing a worsening in their overall well-being compared to before the pandemic, but 45% (13/29) reported no change in their wellbeing and 7% (2/29) reported feeling better during this time. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first survey assessing the impact of COVID-19 on radiology trainee experience and well-being during this pandemic in the UK. Freeing up of resources in anticipation of a large workload generated by COVID-19 coupled with a reduction in numbers of acute and elective examinations, has meant that there has been more time during the working week to potentially be used for teaching within radiology departments. cache = ./cache/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295357-dv1fxprr author = Xiang, Yu-Tao title = The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform date = 2020-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1813 sentences = 79 flesch = 36 summary = title: The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China. On 8 February 2020 an alarming report in the China News Weekly emerged that [1] at least 50 inpatients with psychiatric disorders and 30 mental health professionals in a major psychiatric hospital in Wuhan, Hubei province, China were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease . To limit the transmission of the COVID-19 and provide acute treatment for severely ill patients, central and regional authorities have undertaken several effective measures, such as setting up emergency infectious hospitals and quarantine facilities, and isolating suspected and diagnosed patients and their close contacts [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author = Michard, Frédéric title = Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2873 sentences = 162 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Despite these pathophysiological considerations, large observational studies published so far focused on lung injury [11] , mentioned myocardial injury and arrhythmia as possible complications [12] , but did not report much information about the haemodynamic status and management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. An electronic survey was designed to investigate current haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in COVID-19 ICU patients, as well as alignment with recent guidelines. From a monitoring standpoint, SvO2 was reported to be frequently measured from central venous catheters, and ultrasounds were reported to be widely used, not only to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and to assess pulmonary oedema. Many respondents used echo not only to assess biventricular function but also to measure cardiac output, to predict fluid responsiveness and to detect lung B lines. cache = ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295479-mcfqs7vf author = Davido, Benjamin title = Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 195 sentences = 24 flesch = 50 summary = key: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 295479 cord_uid: mcfqs7vf nan COVID-19 : point épidémiologique du 21 mai Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris' response to the COVID-19 88 pandemic Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings 90 in COVID-19 Patients Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Active Epstein-Barr virus infection in 95 post-viral fatigue syndrome serological IgG antibody response on the Abbott Architect for established SARS-CoV-99 2 infection Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients 102 with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: 106 neuroimaging, histological and clinical description Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 Chikungunya-Induced Arthritis in Reunion Island: A 113 Long-Term Observational Follow-Up Study Showing Frequently Persistent Joint 114 Some Cases of Persistent Chikungunya Immunoglobulin M Positivity, and 115 No Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seroconversi cache = ./cache/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295693-45etqt72 author = McClure, Elizabeth S title = Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3450 sentences = 210 flesch = 43 summary = In her scholarship on the history of race and medicine, Dr. Dorothy Roberts describes how focusing on "underlying" health conditions and behavioral risk factors allows society "[a] to ignore how disease is caused by political inequality and [b] to justify an unequal system by pointing to the inherent racial difference that disease supposedly reveals" (20) . Under racial capitalism, attention is drawn away from workplace hazards by arguing that workers are inherently at high risk of ill health due to their own racial and behavioral susceptibilities, masking and justifying how labor is structured to concentrate risky, lowwage work among non-White or otherwise marginalized workforces. In the counterfactual scenario of no Black lung function correction but a White hearing correction, industry would owe 31% more in worker's compensation payouts (this calculation is based on applying the average payout associated with each workers' compensation award in a typical state (30)). Under racial capitalism, Black workers experience more work-related health damage because they are concentrated in riskier, less protected jobs. cache = ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295622-znmpheia author = Simione, Luca title = Differences Between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9870 sentences = 418 flesch = 51 summary = We found that health workers reported higher risk perception, level of worry, and knowledge as related to COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. According to the evidences reported above, our objectives were (i) to probe the opinions and the worries relative to COVID-19 spread in both the general population and healthcare workers; (ii) to study which demographic, geographic, and psychological variables were related to a higher perception of the health risks; and lastly (iii) to assess any difference in risk perception relatively to COVID-19 between the general population and healthcare workers. This analysis thus revealed that the MED group participants from North Italy reported higher levels of anxiety and stress than the general population and the medical and paramedical staff from other living areas. In line with these results, participants of our study reported higher levels of perceived stress and of anxiety proportional to their risk of infection, i.e., health workers from North were more stressed and anxious than both their colleagues in Center and South Italy and the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295715-d8zrn42r author = Kim, Jungkeun title = Effect of COVID-19 on Preference for Private Dining Facilities in Restaurants date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1932 sentences = 123 flesch = 57 summary = Abstract The present research investigates the effect of the perceived threat of the virus on the preference for private dining facilities. Based on Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) (Elliot, 2006) theory, the contagion effect (Argo, Dahl, & Morales, 2006) , and crisis management theory (Barton, 1994) , in this paper we examine the effect of the salience of COVID-19 on the preference for restaurants with private dining facilities or private tables. The high perceived threat of the COVID-19 pandemic will increase preference for a restaurant with private rooms. Study 1 investigated the main prediction about the effect of the perceived threat of the virus on the attitude towards the private dining restaurant. This research note provided four empirical studies investigating the effect of the perceived threat or salience of the virus on the preference for the private dining restaurant or dining table. cache = ./cache/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295681-l414z6gc author = Chow, Justin title = Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2574 sentences = 119 flesch = 31 summary = COVID-19 has been associated with cardiovascular complications including acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295414-v10454ns author = Baktash, Vadir title = Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 234 flesch = 46 summary = 1 Furthermore, research by Alipio and colleagues 2 , in a retrospective study, provides evidence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcome in patients with COVID-19. Among patients with vitamin D deficiency in the COVID-19-positive group, there was a higher average peak in D-dimer level (1914.00 μgFEU/L vs 1268.00 μgFEU/L) (p=0.034) and a higher incidence of NIV support and HDU admission (30.77% vs 9.68%) (p=0.042). The main findings of our study suggest that older patients with lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, when compared with aged-matched vitamin D-replete patients, may demonstrate worse outcomes from COVID-19. In non-communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically unwell patients. • Older patients with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency (≤30 nmol/L) have higher peak D-dimer level and higher incidence of NIV support and HDU admission. cache = ./cache/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296031-r6iqiy1n author = Tattan-Birch, H. title = COVID-19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5196 sentences = 343 flesch = 59 summary = Aims: To explore 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, hand washing, smoking status, e-cigarette use, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use and 2) whether COVID-19 has prompted smoking and vaping quit attempts, and more smoking inside the home. Conclusions: In a representative sample of the adult population in England, current smokers and long-term ex-smokers had higher odds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection than never smokers, but there were no large differences by NRT or e-cigarette use. In this study, we will use a representative population sample of adults in England to estimate: 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and smoking status, e-cigarette use and NRT use; . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142661 doi: medRxiv preprint A1: Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and (i) smoking status, (ii) e-cigarette use and (iii) NRT use, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. cache = ./cache/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295700-lzaxzuwe author = Shi, Shaobo title = Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3841 sentences = 192 flesch = 42 summary = CONCLUSION: The risk of in-hospital death among patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted by markers of myocardial injury, and was significantly associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular comorbidities. The major findings of the present study are as follows: (i) myocardial injury is not uncommon among patients with severe COVID-19, especially among those who die; (ii) elevated levels of myocardial markers predict risk for in-hospital death; and (iii) senior age, inflammatory response, and underlying cardiovascular-related comorbidities are associated with myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. To further analyse related factors of myocardial injury by multivariable regression, senior age, comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and inflammatory markers (e.g. PCT and C-reactive protein) were predictors of in-hospital myocardial injury in patients with severe COVID19 . cTnI and CK-MB levels predict risk for in-hospital death, and myocardial injury is associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular-related comorbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295798-x7or932x author = Ferrey, Antoney J. title = A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3030 sentences = 157 flesch = 46 summary = title: A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease During this interval, he reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fevers but was not suspected of COVID-19 infection until he developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to the hospital. We present a case of COVID-19 in the United States in a long-term dialysis-dependent ESRD patient reported thus far in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The following day the patient traveled by commercial airline from Southern California to Utah where he presented to an emergency department for continued intermittent vomiting and fevers but was now reporting mild congestion and cough. This case report highlights the importance of considering COVID-19 infection in a variety of clinical presentation that may not initially include typical respiratory symptom to prevent ongoing exposure of potentially affected individuals to the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295767-92oxdmxq author = Aga, Syed Sameer title = Évaluation de la santé mentale et des diverses stratégies d'adaptation dans la population générale vivant sous l'emprise de la COVID à travers le monde : Une étude transversal date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3802 sentences = 231 flesch = 58 summary = Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown. Hence, to answer these burning questions we designed this study to attempt to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress of the general people living under the COVID enforced lockdown in various cities of the world and also to understand how they are utilizing their lockdown time to cope with such an unprecedented isolation and quarantine. This is the first study that has evaluated the mental health of respondents during COVID lockdown using DASS-42 across general population. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown 1 measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy. cache = ./cache/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295709-9whgh5b3 author = Macias, J. title = Similar incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1788 sentences = 157 flesch = 62 summary = The cumulative incidence of COVID-19, confirmed or suspected, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. If HCQ was effective as post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2, a reduced incidence of COVID-19 could be expected in patients receiving treatment with this drug. Because of this, in this study we aimed to compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with HCQ and without HCQ therapy, during seven weeks in the pandemic. During the seven-week study period, five (1.7% [95% CI: 0.5%-4.0%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients treated with HCQ and five (1.2% [0.4%-2.7%]) (p=0.523) in the group of subjects who were not receiving this drug. In fact, the incidence of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases on HCQ treatment was not significantly different of that observed in subjects not receiving HCQ. cache = ./cache/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295853-lxakf79k author = Kumar, Pavan title = Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1719 sentences = 112 flesch = 54 summary = title: Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach We used the data of cumulative confirmed death and recovery of COVID-19 cases reported from January 21 until March 26, 2020, that were obtained from John Hopkins Coronavirus resource center (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/). We analyzed the data using dynamic models to generate 30 days forecasts and to understand the positive effect in the near future as well as projecting trends over trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 doi: medRxiv preprint cumulative incident cases, mortality, and recovery of COVID-19 information among the top 15 affected countries is shown in Figure 2 . Top countries' data of China, Italy, Spain, and Iran showed highly disastrous mortality and badly effected with a vast number of COVID-19 cases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 doi: medRxiv preprint Fig. 2 : Comparisons between cumulative reported, recovery and death incidence of cases with COVID-19 on the top 15 affected countries . cache = ./cache/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296174-95ap8qfn author = Singh, Arjun Gurmeet title = Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1708 sentences = 118 flesch = 53 summary = In some sense, both patients with COVID-19 and patients with head and neck cancer receiving palliative care run a similar disease course. What is worse is when a patient receiving palliative care contracts the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it will result in isolation measures extending to the inevitable. The primary goal of all head and neck oncology centers today is to triage patients and avoid unwanted hospitalizations and intensive care that would aggravate the need for rationing services. 9 During this pandemic, careful triaging of head and neck patients intended to or currently receiving palliative care is necessary to prevent further denuding of critical care resources. As head and neck cancer care providers it is imperative we deliver the best possible care to patients with the resources at hand, irrespective of their outcomes. Navigating the impact of COVID-19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer cache = ./cache/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296214-xeezt6f7 author = Sabatino, Jolanda title = Women's perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Walking into a post-peak phase date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2699 sentences = 160 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, we discussed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women, children and young patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities or congenital heart disease. Although the so far evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is likely to have a lower fatality rate in women, the course of the disease during pregnancy is not fully understood. Indeed, in rat lungs a higher expression of ACE2 has been observed in younger females animals than in adult males [26] Despite adult patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities have a worse course of the disease, and higher mortality rate, when we look at children infected by SARS-CoV-2 with concomitant congenital heart disease (CHD), they seem to have the same clinical trend and mortality of peers without CHD. An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295603-mk9oartb author = Yu, Xiaoqi title = Retrospective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1991 sentences = 97 flesch = 49 summary = However, it is unclear whether there has been cryptic transmission before these early officially confirmed cases, we therefore retrospectively screened for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1271 nasopharyngeal swab samples, as well as the prevalence of IgM, IgG, and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 357 matched serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness between 1 December 2018 and 31 March 2020 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Additionally, among 6662 patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2017 to 31 March 2020, the overall number of patients positive for influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 period decreased significantly when compared with that in the same period of the last two years, reflecting that public health interventions can effectively control the spread of common respiratory viruses. The nasopharyngeal swab samples for this study were collected from 1271 hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2018 to 31 March 2020 in Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China). cache = ./cache/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295995-uabnyomr author = Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title = Sexually Transmitted COVID19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 310 sentences = 37 flesch = 61 summary = key: cord-295995-uabnyomr cord_uid: uabnyomr In their study on healthy women, Yuksel and Ozgor found a significant higher sexual desire and frequencies of sexual intercourse during COVID19 pandemic compared with 6-12 months prior. 4 on 10 severely infected women with COVID-19, no SARS-CoV-2 virus was noted in their vaginal fluids. They concluded that likelihood of transmitting SARS-Cov-2 to sexual partners through vaginal fluids may be low. 5 Genital contamination with genital fluids, even with low rate, is not unexpected. Due to risk of "genital" contamination with SARSThis article is protected by copyright. They are at risk of not only STDs, but also SARS-CoV2 through genital contamination. COVID19 patients presented with PR, or known STD, should be enquired about their sexual behavior/preference, and should undergo more than a nasopharyngeal swab before considering negativity of infection. Can Covid-19 Be a Sexually Transmitted Disease? Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Sexual Behavior SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Detectable in the Vaginal Fluid of Women With Severe COVID-19 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295794-glcg36si author = Seghers, Victor J. title = After the initial COVID-19 surge: a phased radiology departmental re-opening plan date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4747 sentences = 201 flesch = 37 summary = Social distancing, stay home/work safe orders, protective measures for vulnerable individuals (e.g., immunocompromised patients), masking protocols, visitation policies, testing and many more measures resulted in an accelerated but necessary ramping down of elective hospital services [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . While the radiologist-in-chief also participates in daily meetings with other clinical service chiefs and executive leadership for the hospital, the radiologist-in-chief is an integral member of the systemwide "Phased Recovery and Redesign Team" as well, which includes team captains for infection control, surgery, anesthesia, emergency and urgent care centers, radiology, pathology, ambulatory medicine, specialty care centers, e-health, revenue cycle and billing, and marketing and public relations. This can include patient-directed online scheduling and expanded access to imaging, offering same-day service with hours and locations adapted to the patient and family lifestyle; improved use of virtual dashboards to more easily track various metrics including MR efficiency, sedation utilization, and length of patient stay in the imaging department; and investment in Table 2 Radiology: the opportunity to re-design operations post COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296072-w8nwj3u6 author = Al-karawi, D. title = Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2262 sentences = 130 flesch = 53 summary = title: Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients This paper reports on the development and performance of machine learning schemes for the analysis of Chest CT Scan images of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients and demonstrates significant success in efficiently and automatically testing for COVID-19 infection. In this paper, a new approch based on texture analysis has been develped to distinguish between positive from negative cases using a dataset of COVID-19 Chest CT scan images. These observations were our strong motivation to investigate and design machine learning based schemes using extracted image texture features and test their performances on a sufficiently large dataset of CT scans in terms of distinguishing positive Covid-19 cases from negative ones. We have provided evidences in support of using automatic machine learning for texture analysis of Chest CT scans of suspected COVID-19 patients to complement existing RT-PCR lab testing. cache = ./cache/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296113-syi2fwuo author = Peng, Mian title = Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2618 sentences = 148 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), are at high risk of mortality. When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV, each patient was advanced to MV [tidal volume (Vt), 6 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW); 8-10 cmH(2)O of positive end-expiratory pressure; respiratory rate, 20 breaths/min; and 40%-80% FiO(2)] with prone positioning for 12 h/day for the first 5 d of MV. CONCLUSION: A MV protocol attentive to intubation/extubation timing, prone positioning early in MV, infection control, and sequential withdrawal of respiratory support, may be an effective regimen for patients with critical COVID-19. In accordance with this recommendation, we summarize our weaning procedure and associated experience with two critical COVID-19 patients, including intubation timing, use of the prone position, infection control, and sedation titration. cache = ./cache/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295703-no45mgyd author = ALTAY, O. title = Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3977 sentences = 231 flesch = 50 summary = Combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and L-carnitine tartrate is being studied for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, CMCS resulted in a significant reduction in recovery time and liver enzymes associated with hepatic function compared to placebo. Recently, we performed integrative analysis of multi-omics data on different metabolic conditions and found that combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and Lcarnitine tartrate may be used for treatment of the patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (11, 12) . In this randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial involving ambulatory COVID-19 patients, we found that the combination of CMCS and hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced the average recovery time compared with hydroxychloroquine and placebo (6.6 days vs 9.3 days, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295720-eeqv5xa4 author = Umeizudike, Kehinde Adesola title = Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4203 sentences = 233 flesch = 51 summary = Our objectives were to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria to the COVID‐19 pandemic and infection control practices. [14] [15] [16] The COVID-19 pandemic presents with a new range of challenges for undergraduate dental training, not only in Nigeria, but worldwide which include infection control practices in the clinic. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude to the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control practices among undergraduate clinical dental students in Nigeria. This study sought to provide an overview of dental students' knowledge of COVID-19 and attitude to infection control during this pandemic, which could serve as guidelines in preparation for school resumption and clinical training of the students. Notwithstanding, this study has provided a national perspective on the knowledge and attitudes/perceptions of undergraduate clinical dental students towards the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control practices in Nigeria. Nigerian undergraduate dental students' knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID-19 and infection control practices cache = ./cache/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296182-hhswage4 author = Meng, Lingzhong title = Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6532 sentences = 364 flesch = 44 summary = Healthcare providers, who are tasked with taking care of critically ill patients, need to perform the best practices of intubation and ventilation tailored explicitly to the victims of this sweeping COVID-19 outbreak and, at the same time, adhere to strict self-protection precautions. The Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management released a fast-track publication with the recommendation to proceed with endotracheal intubation for patients showing no improvement in respiratory distress, tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 30 per minute), and poor oxygenation (Pao 2 to Fio 2 ratio less than 150 mmHg) after 2-h highflow oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Although the aerosol-generating potential of noninvasive ventilation is a potential concern to some providers, 19 the bilevel positive airway pressure machine is widely used amid this outbreak for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in Wuhan and the rest of China. cache = ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295829-e1tk8qvw author = Dua, Anahita title = DVT Protocol Optimization to Minimize Healthcare Worker Exposure in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2242 sentences = 133 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVES: There are no societal ultrasound guidelines detailing appropriate patient selection for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) imaging in COVID-19 patients nor are there protocol recommendations aimed at decreasing exposure time for ultrasound technologists. METHODS: A novel two-pronged algorithm was implemented to limit the DVT ultrasound studies on COVID-19 patients prospectively which included direct physician communication with the care team and a COVID-19 specific imaging protocol was instated to reduce ultrasound technologist exposure. At our institution, we do not anticoagulation for muscular calf veins (soleal, gastrocnemial) After implementation of this algorithm by the vascular laboratory only, all DVT US on COVID-18 19 positive patients were reviewed to determine how many US orders were deemed unnecessary 19 by the ordering provider and canceled based on the algorithm. Where there was no difference between groups 4 in demographics, serum D-dimer values, and DVT or PE positivity rates, the time to perform the 5 COVID-19 focused ultrasound was significantly lower (Table III) pneumonia, as well as particular patterns in hematologic testing including lymphopenia. cache = ./cache/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295891-c9rfy1w7 author = Zhao, J. title = ConceptWAS: a high-throughput method for early identification of COVID-19 presenting symptoms date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4057 sentences = 277 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we present a high-throughput approach (ConceptWAS) for early identification of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 using natural language processing (NLP) on EHR clinical notes. Specifically, symptoms concepts associated with COVID-19-positive patients included "absent sense of smell" (OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 3.21-7.50), "fever" (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.28-1.59), "with cough fever" (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.75-2.96), and "ageusia" (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 3.02-8.58) (Figure 2 ). Our work describes a high-throughput and reproducible approach (ConceptWAS) that use EHR notes to early identify pandemic disease symptoms and investigate clinical manifestations for further hypothesis-driven study. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227165 doi: medRxiv preprint 13 pandemic crisis evolves and more patients are tested for SARS-CoV-2 in our healthcare system, our ability to detect COVID-19 and clinical concepts' associations will continue to improve. By applying ConceptWAS on EHR clinical notes from patients subjecting to a COVID-19 test, we detected loss of smell/taste three weeks prior to their inclusion as symptoms of the disease by CDC. cache = ./cache/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296219-zzg9hds0 author = Battaglini, Denise title = Neurological Manifestations of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Implications of Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Settings date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7486 sentences = 369 flesch = 33 summary = Within this Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; ANE, acute necrotizing encephalopathy; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BBB, blood brain-barrier; CA, Ammon's horn; CD, cluster of differentiation; CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; CoV, coronavirus; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computed tomography; CXCR, chemokine receptor; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DO 2 , oxygen delivery; DPP4, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen; FOX, forkhead box; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP, intracranial pressure; IFN, interferon; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; MHV, mouse hepatitis virus; MRI, magnetic resonance images; nCoV, novel coronavirus; OR, odds ratio; PaCO 2 , partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO 2 partial pressure of oxygen; PbtO 2 brain tissue oxygenation tension; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PRES posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; RM, recruitment maneuvers; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; TLRs, toll-like receptor; TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WHO, World Health Organization. cache = ./cache/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295973-41jqgsv0 author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3461 sentences = 163 flesch = 50 summary = In this review article, we have systematically searched the medical data base until and collated all the available evidences that have emerged so far on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in the treatment of patients with COVID19 , with or without diabetes and present a perspective on both these compounds. A Chinese study involving more than 100 patients of COVID-19 found chloroquine superior to the control group in reducing symptom duration, exacerbation of pneumonia including radiological improvement and promoting virus-negative seroconversion without any severe side effects [18] . The expert consensus from the Department of Science and Technology and Health Commission of Guangdong province published on 20th February (based on in vitro evidence and still unpublished clinical experience) chloroquine phosphate tablet at a dose of 500 mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the absence of contraindication to the drug [21] . cache = ./cache/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295957-s17z2ccf author = Bordi, Licia title = Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Simplexa™ COVID-19 direct assay date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1923 sentences = 108 flesch = 52 summary = BACKGROUND: So far, one of the major drawbacks of the available molecular assays for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the need for viral nucleic acid extraction from clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and specificity of this new assay indicate that it is promising for laboratory diagnosis, enabling highspeed detection in just over one hour, which is significantly faster than the up to five hours currently required by traditional extraction followed by amplification technologies, thus allowing prompt decision making regarding isolation of infected patients. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the test in a different clinical specimen, a total of 33 Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) collected for COVID-19 diagnosis between 20 March and 03 April 2020 were also analysed in parallel with the Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay and the routine laboratory method, based on the WHO protocols (7, 8) , using the Abbot m2000 extraction platform. cache = ./cache/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296353-snzdjan9 author = Fox, Nathan S. title = COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: Case Series from One Large New York City Obstetrical Practice date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1106 sentences = 76 flesch = 62 summary = Objective This study aimed to report a case series of pregnant women in New York City with confirmed or presumed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Study Design Beginning March 22, 2020, all pregnant women from one large obstetrical practice in New York City were contacted regularly to inquire about symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or sick contacts. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two symptoms, or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test. For all patients with suspected COVID-19 or sick contacts, we contacted them every 2 to 3 days and kept a running list of these patients including symptoms, treatments, and test results, if performed. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two of the following symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. cache = ./cache/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296314-hprl52va author = Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo title = COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1199 sentences = 70 flesch = 53 summary = title: COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions that presents regional social inequalities with millions of people living in highly dense communities, with precarious housing conditions and poor sanitation. 5 In this ecological study, we investigated the association between social inequality and COVID-19 fatality rate in Aracaju municipality, Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil. Data on COVID-19 and population data were obtained from information systems and they were used to calculate the rates of incidence and case fatality due to COVID-19 for each neighbourhood of Aracaju. Although the highest incidence rates were recorded in the neighbourhoods with better living conditions (P < 0.001), there was an increasing trend in the mortality rate in neighbourhoods with higher social inequality (P < 0.001). 10 In Aracaju, COVID-19 pandemic has exposed historical inequalities and poor communities have shown limited testing resources and higher fatality rates from COVID-19 compared with communities with better living conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296384-cejw22ms author = Chitturi, Kalyan R. title = Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 753 sentences = 48 flesch = 46 summary = title: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up. 3, 4 Applying the above consensus statement, we describe two cases of severe MR and shock that presented treatment challenges amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. While all elective cases were deferred, in accordance with the consensus statement by ACC and SCAI, we proceeded with transcatheter MV intervention for these two highly selected patients. Triage Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement cache = ./cache/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296232-6zj99nuw author = Talukdar, Jayanta title = Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7622 sentences = 435 flesch = 41 summary = We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. Studies including human trials have shown that ASX effectively regulates immunity and disease etiology, suggesting its wide array of potential therapeutic and nutritional support in prevention and treatment of various pathogenic diseases and metabolic disorders, all of which have elements of oxidative stress and/or inflammation in the pathogenesis [8, 10, 17] . [9] found that the administration of ASX provides both preventive and curative anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in the human gingival keratinocyte line NDUSD-1 by suppressing the production of IL-6 via inhibiting activation of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway. Evidence from these studies suggest that ASX is a potent antioxidant and a natural anti-inflammatory compound having efficient immunomodulatory action that exerts potential therapeutic benefits against oxidative and inflammation induced tissue damage. cache = ./cache/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296312-nh4poc71 author = Kowitt, Sarah D. title = Tobacco Quit Intentions and Behaviors among Cigar Smokers in the United States in Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4860 sentences = 243 flesch = 55 summary = Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. Due to the potential negative health outcomes associated with COVID-19, it is possible that many tobacco users feel more vulnerable to its health effects and are trying to quit using tobacco-which aligns with both previous research and theory on risk perception [12, 13] . We first examined bivariate associations with our two outcomes (quit intentions and quit attempts) and all correlates of interest-participant characteristics, tobacco use variables, and other COVID-19 variables. Specifically, quit intentions and odds of making a quit attempt were higher in people who reported decreasing their tobacco use and people with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, which is in line with what is often called the "vulnerability hypothesis". cache = ./cache/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296331-i4hyzqcv author = Adapa, Sreedhar title = COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Impact on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5086 sentences = 289 flesch = 49 summary = COVID-19 infection causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and is an independent risk factor for mortality. The impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant patients is also discussed in the manuscript. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was seen in 5-15% of the cases infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and had a higher mortality rate of 60-90% as per the literature [12] . We summarized the finding from multiple studies including patient characteristics, co-morbidities, incidence of AKI in general as well as ICU/severely ill patients, number of patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mortality in Table 2 [9-11, 13, 19, 22-24, 26-32] . Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296316-huyw5eo1 author = Suresh, Padmanaban S. title = Curcumin and Coagulopathy in the COVID19 Era date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 629 sentences = 37 flesch = 35 summary = authors: Suresh, Padmanaban S. I want to highlight further the connection between COVID-19 associated coagulopathies and how proposing curcumin will be beneficial in this context from the available literature knowledge. COVID-19 patients exhibit thrombotic complications apart from sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, etc., One of the characteristic features of COVID-19 disease is the associated coagulopathy with increased circulating D-dimer concentrations. International society of thrombosis and hemostasis proposes an algorithm of measuring D-dimer, prothrombin time, platelet count and fibrinogen in all patients with COVID-19 infection [5] . Markedly raised D-dimer (maybe 3-4 fold increase) prolonged prothrombin time, platelet count (100 9 10 9 /L), fibrinogen (\ 2 g/L) are guiding parameters in the management of COVID-19 patients. Investigators have explored the antithrombotic activities of Curcumin and mitigating effect on thrombosis by modulating platelet numbers, D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 in mice [7] [8] [9] . D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19 cache = ./cache/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296171-v9co078y author = Gialluisi, Alessandro title = New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 676 sentences = 41 flesch = 40 summary = title: New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? The current Covid-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to disentangle the link between viral/ infectious diseases, inflammation, and the risk of brain disorders, as mentioned here below. About half of hospitalized patients are > 55 years [9] : the resulting higher age-related risk of neurodegenerative disorders is a good setting to investigate triggering and double-hit mechanisms previously hypothesized for viral infections [4] . To sum up, the current Covid-19 pandemic provides an extraordinary window to implement a worldwide collaborative effort, aimed at enlightening the largely unexplored relationship between viral infections, inflammation, and brain disorders. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study | clinical infectious diseases | Oxford Academic cache = ./cache/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296420-n3vyhqpd author = England, Andrew title = Modifications to mobile chest radiography technique during the COVID-19 pandemic – implications of X-raying through side room windows date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3844 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = Conclusions Undertaking mobile X-ray examinations through side room windows is potentially feasible but does require an increase in tube output and is likely to be limited by minor reductions in image quality. To evaluate the effect on image quality, radiation dose and tube life of undertaking X-ray examinations through glass side room windows. As part of the early response to Covid-19 practitioners at the University of Washington, in the United States, reported on the option of imaging patients directly through glass windows in isolation / side rooms (13) . An X-ray beam directed through a glass window would normally go against standard radiographic practices, in that exposure factors would need to be modified and that there could be artefacts and image quality issues arising from such techniques. Within our work, we presented the results of a novel experiment which sought to provide initial image quality and dose data regarding the practice of X-ray imaging through glass windows. cache = ./cache/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296342-qyqf60s9 author = Alvarez Retamales, V. title = Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Hospital Admissions date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2620 sentences = 169 flesch = 49 summary = We aim to identify any discrepancy in the hospitalization rate by race/ethnicity of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, and through this, analyze the risks of these groups in an effort to call out for attention to the circumstances that make them more vulnerable and susceptible to disease. Patients identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and American Indian have a disproportionate burden of hospital admissions, suggesting an increased risk of more severe disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 doi: medRxiv preprint Analysis indicates that patients reported as non-Hispanic White (60% of the population, 38% of admissions, p >0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islander (6% of the population, 5% of admissions, p>0.001) are underrepresented in COVID-19 admissions ( Table 2) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 doi: medRxiv preprint admitted for COVID-19 infection are a lower uninsured rate, fewer health barriers, and a higher socioeconomic status than racial/ethnic minorities. cache = ./cache/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296306-xcomjvaa author = Rivett, Lucy title = Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6500 sentences = 350 flesch = 48 summary = Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Table 3 outlines the total number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in each screening group (HCW asymptomatic, HCW symptomatic, and HCW symptomatic household contact) categorised according to the ward with the highest anticipated risk of exposure to high; 'amber', medium; 'green', low; . Three subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 positive asymptomatic HCW Each individual in the HCW asymptomatic screening group was contacted by telephone to establish a clinical history, and COVID-19 probability criteria ( Table 1) were retrospectively applied to categorise any symptoms in the month prior to testing ( Figure 2 ). 12/30 (40%) individuals from the HCW asymptomatic screening group reported symptoms > 7 days prior to testing, and the majority experiencing symptoms consistent with a high probability of COVID-19 had appropriately self-isolated during that period. cache = ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296330-4i02f1ji author = Qi, Xiaolong title = Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: A multicenter cohort study date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3356 sentences = 228 flesch = 53 summary = Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we consecutively included all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing cirrhosis that had been discharged or had died by 24 March 2020 from 16 designated hospitals in China. Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we consecutively included all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing cirrhosis that had been discharged or had died by 24 March 2020 from 16 designated hospitals in China. Interpretation Lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher direct bilirubin level might represent poor prognostic indicators in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. Interpretation Lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher direct bilirubin level might represent poor prognostic indicators in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. 9 So far, no studies have reported the clinical features and risk factors for in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. cache = ./cache/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296208-uy1r6lt2 author = Greenspan, Hayit title = Position paper on COVID-19 imaging and AI: from the clinical needs and technological challenges to initial AI solutions at the lab and national level towards a new era for AI in healthcare date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8008 sentences = 395 flesch = 47 summary = We focus on three specific use-cases for which AI systems can be built: early disease detection, management in a hospital setting, and building patient-specific predictive models that require the combination of imaging with additional clinical data. Many studies have emerged in the last several months from the medical imaging community with many research groups as well as companies introducing deep learning based solutions to tackle the various tasks: mostly in detection of the disease (vs normal), and more recently also for staging disease severity. In Section 2 of this paper we focus on three specific use-cases for which AI systems can be built: detection, patient management, and predictive models in which the imaging is combined with additional clinical features. Rapid ai development cycle for the coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic: Initial results for automated detection and patient monitoring using deep learning ct image analysis cache = ./cache/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296265-mat1x862 author = Du, Na title = Clinical characteristics of family-clustered onset of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3136 sentences = 198 flesch = 61 summary = All eight patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), based on samples from throat swab samples confirmed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changchun city. The first patient presented with fever (maximum 39.0° C), cough without sputum, and obvious breathing difficulties and was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University on 28 January 2020, 9 days after his travel back from Wuhan, the epidemic center of COVID-19. He received a diagnosis of COVID-19 on 1 February due to a positive test for viral RNA based on the throat swab; and the CT scan revealed ground-glass opacities in both lungs ( Figure 6 ). Pt-5 was given a diagnosis of COVID-19 on 30 January because of the positive nucleic acid in the throat swab, and ground glass opacities in both lungs revealed by CT scan (Figure 7) . cache = ./cache/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296375-gf0mgz5x author = Zhang, Xi title = Comparison of spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3275 sentences = 164 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering patterns at the provincial levels in mainland China, which may be attributable to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, by collecting the daily numbers of newly confirmed COVID-19 and SARS cases during the two epidemics, we aimed to determine the spatial behavior and temporal features of the COVID-19 spread in mainland China and compared them with respective features from the SARS epidemic using spatiotemporal analysis. Incident cases infected by COVID-19 were extracted from the daily briefings on novel coronavirus cases from January 20 to March 4, 2020, provided on the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China [5] . Incident cases of SARS were extracted from daily situation reports for mainland China from April 21 to August 3, 2003 , which were posted by China.org.cn (in Chinese) and were also provided by the National Health Commission. cache = ./cache/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296285-qiez6adj author = Boudrioua, M. S. title = Predicting the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria using the SIR model date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1441 sentences = 96 flesch = 57 summary = (Kuniya, 2020) applied the well-known SEIR compartmental model to predict the epidemic peak of COVID-19 disease in Japan. This study applies the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model without demographics (no births, deaths, or migration) (Kermack and McKendrick, 1927; Dietz 1967; Keeling and Rohani, 2008) to predict the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in Algeria. Step 2: Run the Nelder-Mead algorithm to get new parameters which will be used in the simulation and the prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the number of daily reported confirmed cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria, from 25 February 2020 to 17 April 2020. We substitute the new parameters in our SIR model to simulate and predict the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria. In this study we predict the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Algeria using the number of daily infected cases, from 25 February 2020 to 17 April 2020. COVID-19 outbreak in Algeria: A mathematical Model to predict cumulative cases cache = ./cache/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296536-s8n7kgkn author = Nagendrappa, Sachin title = Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 634 sentences = 41 flesch = 51 summary = title: Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic A review study has shown elevated stress, anxiety, depression, and panic among the general population including the health care workers. Studies have shown human-animal interaction have a potential role in reducing the stress, fear, anxiety, depressive symptoms and promoting calmness and social interaction. Identifying and using the existing resources such as pets to address loneliness and mental health concerns is one feasible option. The role of pets in addressing mental health seems to be promising in this regard. Ontological security and connectivity provided by pets: a study in the self-management of the everyday lives of people diagnosed with a long-term mental health condition COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework by Early Career Psychiatrists cache = ./cache/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296483-x95lwwnm author = Kranke, Peter title = Geburtshilfliche Anästhesie während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Übersicht der Handlungsempfehlungen date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1995 sentences = 241 flesch = 43 summary = Diese Annahmen stützten sich möglicherweise auf den Umstand, dass die Morbidität Schwangerer bei saisonaler Influenza höher ist als in einem Vergleichskollektiv [4 -6] und im beschriebenen Kollektiv zu einer gegenüber einem Vergleichskollektiv überproportionalen Frühgeburtlichkeit von 24-25 % führte [7] . In Bezug auf die vertikale Übertragung (Übertragung von der Mutter auf das Kind prä-oder intrapartal) zeigen nahezu alle publizierten Fallberichte aus China keine Hinweise für eine Übertragung auf den Fetus [9, 15 -17] . Einschränkend sollte berücksichtigt werden, dass es sich bislang nur um einen einzigen Fallbericht handelt und es im Rahmen der systemischen Inflammation möglicherweise zu einem erhöhten Transfer von Antikörpern kommen könnte. Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Empfehlungen des RKI zu Hygienemaßnahmen im Rahmen der Behandlung und Pflege von Patienten mit einer Infektion durch SARS-CoV-2 (23.03.2020). cache = ./cache/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296425-on8er7v9 author = O’Brien, Edward R. title = Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat hyper-inflammation? date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2705 sentences = 138 flesch = 41 summary = 2014) Critical for prevention of COVID-19 vascular complications like pulmonary emboli and stroke of endogenous or exogenous ATP, reactive oxygen species, or lysosomal proteases released from damaged or dying cells leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, activation of caspase-1, and subsequent secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β, a mediator of fever, lung inflamamtion, and fibrosis (Shrivastava et al. However, over-activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome causes the hyper-inflammatory responses seen in COVID-19 patients, resulting in a vicious cycle of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pyroptosis, and infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory cells leading to ARDS, multi-organ failure and even death (De Nardo et al. Similarly, treatment of macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nigericin activated the NLRP-3 inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β production (S.J. Theobald et al. Heat shock protein 27 immune complex upregulates LDLR expression thereby reducing plasma cholesterol Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat cache = ./cache/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296426-upwsdgso author = Virmani, Sarthak title = Identifying a Kidney Transplant Recipient COVID Phenotype to Aid Test Utilization in the Setting of Limited Testing Availability - Does One Exist? date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 222 flesch = 49 summary = While it is true that other non-novel viruses tend to cause more severe disease in immunocompromised patients [1] , no conclusive data is available to suggest an increased susceptibility or severity of SARS-Cov-2 infection in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This was a single center, retrospective chart review performed as a QAPI project to assess similarities in kidney transplant recipients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to those who tested negative, and guide testing recommendations in the setting of limited testing availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. We did not observe any significant association between patient gender, level of education, or history of diabetes on the SARS-CoV-2 test result. Our cohort of KTRs showed no significant difference in ALC between patients who tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 (Table 3 ). Though statistically significant in our small patient cohort, larger studies of KTRs with COVID-19 disease and a history of BKV will be required to confirm and better understand this association. cache = ./cache/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296440-18vpg419 author = Beurnier, Antoine title = Characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require hospitalisation date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 206 flesch = 49 summary = The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required hospitalisation during the spring 2020 outbreak in Paris, France. As the world faces the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have arisen about a possible increased risk of asthma exacerbations. In Wuhan, authors pointed out a rate of 0.9% [3] , markedly lower than that in the local population; in another study investigating the clinical characteristics and allergy status of 140 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, no patient were reported as being asthmatic [3] . All adult patients hospitalized from March 15, 2020 to April 15, 2020 with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reporting a history of asthma were included. Moreover, obesity, hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities observed in our cohort of hospitalized asthmatics with COVID-19, which is consistent with earlier research in other patient groups [4] [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296522-ljovvgey author = Fitzpatrick, Kevin M. title = Facing New Fears During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The State of America’s Mental Health date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5610 sentences = 268 flesch = 52 summary = The current study examines the intersection of COVID-19 fear, worries and perceived threat with social group vulnerabilities and mental health consequences, namely anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Specifically, we examine the distribution of fear, worry, and perceived threat across geographic space, between different social groups, and their relationships to mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptomatology). Are their significant differences in these perceptions J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and are they mostly determined by social vulnerability (i.e. low-income, unmarried, racial/ethnic minorities, etc.)?; and 3) Does fear, threat and worry about COVID-19 directly impact specific mental health outcomes (i.e. depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety) even after controlling for specific vulnerabilities? Finally, third, we explore how subjective assessments of fear, worry, and threat about COVID-19 correlate with specific mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety. cache = ./cache/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296494-6kn4mr04 author = Saban-Ruiz, J. title = COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6444 sentences = 326 flesch = 50 summary = Bearing this in mind, it is quite likely, that if we have fewer complications, particularly severe ones (cardiac arrest, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, haemorrhagic or massive ischaemic stroke), this integrated approach could cut down the elevated mortality in the highest risk group (cancer, COPD and oldest subjects with comorbidities), usually preceded by a multi-organ failure. In aged COVID-19 patients or with history of coronary artery disease (CAD) an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can also be seen for plaque vulnerability in the presence of a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release (71) but from the experience in animals, could it be plausible that any of them could be due to arteritis? The third aspect would be the combination of T2DM and Heart failure (HF) (the most frequent cardiac complication in any of the phases of the disease), which is present in a high percentage of patients, especially those at higher risk. cache = ./cache/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296363-qgoxlqoq author = Khan, Yusra Habib title = Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 85 flesch = 45 summary = We believe that ethical and responsible behavior of mass media, a careful advisory from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, stern measures from healthcare authorities, effective maneuvers to increase public awareness on COVID-19, vigorous analysis of information by data or communications scientists, and publication of counter opinions from health professionals against such theories will go a long way in neutralizing such misleading claims. Of these, alleged poor quality of vaccines, questioning of dosing recommendations, religious prohibitions ("infidel vaccine"), and rumors related to the presence of active virus in the vaccines are some leading claims obstructing the anti-polio campaign in the country. 1 Unfortunately, a conspiracy theory against COVID-19 vaccine is currently being spread in Pakistan. A similar approach was adopted by the country when the polio vaccine campaign was hindered by a conspiracy theory claiming that these vaccines were monkey-or pig-derived products, which are forbidden in Islam. cache = ./cache/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296567-six7u615 author = Hussain, Akhtar title = Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1624 sentences = 88 flesch = 46 summary = The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) is one of those viruses -it causes the illness currently known as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) . Though we are still learning what exactly puts someone at greater risk of developing a severe illness with COVID-19, early information indicates older patients and those with chronic medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases may be at higher risk (1) (2) (3) . We need to develop a hypothesis to explain the causal path underlying the more severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection and subsequent death in diabetic patients. One such approach is the use of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system, namely ACE inhibitors and ARBs. On the other hand, some concern has been raised about the fact that patients on these agents might be at an increased risk of infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-296567-six7u615.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296567-six7u615.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296598-aelpasay author = Coughlin, Lara N. title = Considerations for remote delivery of behavioral economic interventions for substance use disorder during COVID-19 and beyond date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2330 sentences = 131 flesch = 34 summary = The response to the COVID-19 crisis has created direct pressure on health care providers to deliver virtual care, and has created the opportunity to develop innovations in remote treatment for people with substance use disorders. Behavioral economic treatments, such as contingency management, the substance-free activity session, and episodic future thinking, are positioned to leverage remote monitoring of substance use and to use personalized medicine frameworks to deliver remote interventions in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Behavioral economic interventions are positioned to leverage remote substance use monitoring and remote care technology to enhance the delivery of SUD care during COVID-19 and beyond. Contingency Management (CM): Reinforces a goal behavior (e.g., abstinence) by providing rewards, such as gift cards, prizes, or money, based on an incentive schedule (e.g., $10 for a negative urine sample) Support from numerous randomized clinical trials across SUDs -Recent and ongoing development of remote monitoring technologies permit abstinence verification without in-office visits reducing barriers to implementation -Incentive schedules may be most effective if they account for increased slips due to a spectrum of increased stressors during the pandemic -Funding for incentives remains a concern, particularly as healthcare systems are losing money during COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296582-55rz7epf author = Glick, Sara N. title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 85 flesch = 52 summary = We conducted a rapid mixed methods assessment of SSP response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (U.S.) to quantify and characterize changes in services provided by SSPs and the potential impact on PWID. Five key themes emerged from this interim analysis of data from qualitative interviews of SSP staff in five COVID-19 hotspots (Detroit, Philadelphia, New Orleans, New York City, and Seattle). To reinforce social distancing practices and minimize the number of participant visits, programs have increased distribution of syringes, works, and naloxone. However, when data were available, programs reported that the number of syringes distributed had remained level or had increased due to distributing more supplies to each participant, including through secondary exchange (i.e., providing supplies to peers to distribute to others). Availability of HIV and HCV on-site testing and treatment at syringe service programs in the United States cache = ./cache/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296579-oa67njov author = d’Ettorre, Gabriella title = Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2745 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = Hence, this study aims to compare type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. LESSONS: These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/β-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals. [1] Despite high number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 globally (about 37 million) and higher severity impact for certain viral infections in this category, [2] severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)/HIV-1 coinfection has been described in few cases. This study reports a severe case of SARS-CoV-2 in a black female patient co-infected by HIV-1 under protease inhibitors (PI) regimen, who was treated with hydroxychloroquine. Because of the key role of chronic immune activation and persistent IFN-I response in driving HIV-1 disease, [8, 9] we evaluated IFNa and IFNb gene expression and T cell activation levels in patient with SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection. cache = ./cache/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296588-q2716lda author = Hanson, Kimberly E title = Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10179 sentences = 681 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: The IDSA's goal was to develop an evidence-based diagnostic guideline to assists clinicians, clinical laboratorians, patients and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests. It is important to note as well, that not all specimens were collected from the same patient at the same time, the time of collection from symptom onset was not provided in all studies and various approaches for establishing SARS-CoV-2 positivity were used to define positive results (i.e., clinical evaluation, detection different gene targets versus nucleic acid sequencing). While NP swab collection is widely used and the primary specimen type for commercial direct SARS-CoV-2 test platforms, based on current available evidence, clinical practice, and availability of testing resources, the panel believes there are comparable alternative methods for sampling the nasal passages. cache = ./cache/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296619-uhhndp0a author = Kondo, Yuki title = Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1689 sentences = 118 flesch = 53 summary = We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We report a case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in Japan. The patient with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection presented similar clinical characteristics with COVID-19 only. Initial considerations for this patient who presented acutely with fever and cough include infection with a common virus (rhinoviruses, non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses and influenza virus) and communityacquired pneumonia. 3 The clinical characteristics of patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection were similar to those of COVID-19 cases. ► There was no significant difference in rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with and without other pathogens. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296607-h2zwlyz7 author = Watson, Ryan A. title = Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7738 sentences = 370 flesch = 35 summary = What is clear is that patients appear to be at higher risk for thrombotic disease states including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke. In most scenarios, direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) are recommended over warfarin due to large randomized controlled trials showing noninferiority or superiority for stroke reduction and superiority for bleeding risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation [29] [30] [31] [32] . The use of UFH or LMWH may be considered in patients with high potential stroke risk and new onset atrial fibrillation; however, heparin drips require constant monitoring and titration of dosing during hospitalization leading to increased nursing exposure to potential COVID-19 patients. A French cohort of ICU patients on pharmacologic prophylaxis found a high prevalence of thrombotic complications including PE, stroke, circuit clotting of continuous renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with minimal bleeding risk suggesting the need for higher doses of prophylactic anticoagulation in this patient population [70] . cache = ./cache/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296692-t5p09le8 author = Elgin, T.G. title = The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5325 sentences = 303 flesch = 47 summary = In December of 2019 cases of an unknown viral pneumonia were reported from Wuhan, Hubei, China Although much uncertainty remains, regarding the natural history and demographics of COVID19 , the virus appears to primarily cause infection in adults over 51 with case fatality rates increasing dramatically with age [5] . There are, however, emerging case reports of pregnant mothers who test positive for COVID-19 infection and who remain either completely asymptomatic [23] and or manifest mild symptoms in the subsequent 24 hours following delivery. Although clinical evidence is lacking, the case numbers to date of COVID-19 in pregnancy remain very low [32] and case reports of two neonates who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after birth lends some credence to the concern. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296669-1md8j11e author = Li, Xin title = Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3789 sentences = 192 flesch = 56 summary = The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, caused by COVID-19 were assessed in our study by Chinese versions of validated measurement tools [24] [25] [26] [27] : the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; the total score ranged from 0 to 27) [24] , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 21) [25] , the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [26] , and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [27] . cache = ./cache/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296682-ugffeegr author = Rahimi, Hoda title = A Comprehensive Review of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1773 sentences = 104 flesch = 53 summary = In this article, all reported cases to date were collected and classified under 6 major groups: maculopapular rash, urticaria, chilblain, vesicular lesions, livedo reticularis, and petechiae. All articles including case reports and original articles from the emergence of the disease (31 December 2019) to the submission of the article (9 May 2020) were included except for one article in which all 6 cases had neither positive PCR test nor common symptoms of COVID-19, and the authors presumed that their cutaneous manifestations may be related to SARS-CoV-2 without any documented evidence [6] . Although the appearance of skin rash in the prodromal phase or asymptomatic carriers was scarce, it is of great importance for all clinicians to keep in mind that cutaneous lesions might be the only symptom of COVID-19, as it would contribute to sooner diagnosis and management of the patients/carriers and better control of the disease spreading. cache = ./cache/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296708-b37jcj4f author = Sagar, Rajesh title = Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 669 sentences = 42 flesch = 46 summary = title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? Since then, there have been multiple research articles on psychological impact of COVID-19 and the situation associated with it (e.g. quarantine, social isolation, physical distancing, etc.). 2, 3 The rates of psychiatric disorders through various online surveys have come out to be much higher than general population. [2] [3] [4] However, it is important to note that the validity of diagnosis based on checklist items in online surveys is not similar to face-to-face interviews, as psychiatric diagnosis are different form medical diagnosis, which is largely pathophysiological. It was emphasized in the UNIVERSAL online survey of World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) that overestimation is likely. 4 In the same study the term "depressive symptoms" was used but also mentioned generalised anxiety disorder without significant dysfunction/distress criterion . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey cache = ./cache/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296550-wkmnfph3 author = Hossain, Mohammad Anwar title = Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4576 sentences = 239 flesch = 53 summary = The study aims to determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. The study objectives were to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and the underlying fear of COVID-19 in the Bangladeshi population and how they are affected by socio-demographic factors. The KAP section of the questionnaire related to a total of 12 score knowledge questions on COVID-19, categorical answers to attitudes towards the control of the pandemic, and practices of wearing masks and avoiding public gatherings. This study is similar to one study in China that found a significant relationship between knowledge and age and knowledge and educational level, with males reporting higher levels of knowledge than females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions, and health advisory practices [16] . However, in our study, subjects living in Bangladesh reported similar knowledge for both males and females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions, and health advisory practices. cache = ./cache/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296746-j47306hx author = Chen, Fang-fang title = The characteristics and outcomes of 681 severe cases with COVID-19 in China date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2460 sentences = 173 flesch = 54 summary = Age, Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), acute myocardial injury, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CD3 T cells counts were independently and negatively associated with death, while arbidol and ribavirin were protective from death. Non-survivors had higher hypertension, CAD, and cerebral infarction comorbidity rates (P<0.001), as well as significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NLR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), LDH, creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB), and cTnI levels. We found that NLR (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.057 (1.010-1.107); P=0.018) and acute myocardial injury (7.716 (3.812-15.619); P=0.000) were independently and negatively associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. First, we found that age, CRP and LDH levels, CD3 counts, NLR, and acute myocardial injury were independently and negatively associated with death in severe COVID-19 patients. We found that NLR and acute myocardial injury on admission were the two best predictors of mortality in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296806-pep4vlj1 author = Rotulo, Gioacchino Andrea title = Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 231 sentences = 27 flesch = 53 summary = key: cord-296806-pep4vlj1 title: Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 cord_uid: pep4vlj1 Several clinical cases of suspected COVID-19 with skin involvement have been described in pediatric age, but most of them were unconfirmed cases (Appendix). The presence of acral peeling, not yet clearly described as a sign of COVID19, in association with giant urticaria, should be emphasized in our confirmed pediatric case. Moreover, the skin manifestation was the first presenting sign of COVID-19, before the onset of fever. This must be taken into consideration to recognize a pediatric COVID-19 case early. COVID toes"): Histologic, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases Timing of PCR and Antibody Testing in Patients with COVID-19 associated dermatologic manifestations COVID-19 and cutaneous manifestations: a systematic review All that glisters is not COVID: low prevalence of seroconversion against SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric cohort of patients with Chilblain-like lesions cache = ./cache/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296694-2js639bk author = Price, Laura C title = Thrombosis and COVID-19 pneumonia: the clot thickens! date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2396 sentences = 120 flesch = 38 summary = The true prevalence of thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection is unknown, as most studies to date do not include systematic and comprehensive investigation protocols. Two recent Dutch studies have reported cumulative incidences of thrombotic events between 48 and 49% respectively in their ICUs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [10, 11] . refine this further by describing a 50% cumulative incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), diagnosed by CT-pulmonary angiogram (PA), in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in two hospitals of the University of Paris (ERJ ref Bompard). In addition to ACE2 mediated SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, recent reports of affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CD147, a membrane glycoprotein and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expressed on a variety of haematopoietic cell lines, suggest another potentially novel mechanism of thrombosis and inflammation in the arterial and venous circulations [27] . High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296725-ecy0rie9 author = Landau, Ruth title = Lessons Learned From First COVID-19 Cases in the United States date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 670 sentences = 32 flesch = 41 summary = The simultaneous surge of cases compounded by a critical shortage of protective personnel equipment (PPE), including N95 masks and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to avoid contaminating anesthesia machines, has added to the challenge that anesthesiologists are facing today on labor and delivery units across the United States. Current recommendations include airborne protection for all aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia. As per current recommendations, for this patient who was neither tested nor symptomatic for COVID-19, the anesthesia team did not use any PPE (besides surgical masks and gloves) nor was a HEPA filter placed between the endotracheal tube and the anesthesia machine. Our case emphasizes that in labor and delivery units managing parturients from communities with a high prevalence of COVID-19 infection, in the absence of universal testing before cesarean delivery, all patients, even those initially asymptomatic on admission, should be treated as PUI when inducing general anesthesia. cache = ./cache/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296562-3h2oqb9k author = Guillén, Lucía title = Preemptive interleukin-6 blockade in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4874 sentences = 246 flesch = 44 summary = In contrast to other respiratory viral infections like influenza, a major pathogenic mechanism implicated in severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is an aberrant host immune response resulting in an excessive cytokine and chemokine release known as "cytokine storm" or "cytokine release syndrome" 2,3 . In a sensitivity analysis including only the 55 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, the significant variables in the adjusted multivariate model were a NLR > 2.55 (OR 5.26; 95% CI 1.02-25), higher Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.04-2.34) per unit, and higher SOFA score (OR 5.05; 95% CI 1.10-23.24) (Supplementary Table 2 ). This biomarker reflects excessive inflammation and dysregulation of immune cells that play a central role in severity of disease in viral infections 23 , and has been associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 24 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ four comorbidities are included in the Charlson index, and have been associated with higher disease severity in patients with COVID-19 31 . cache = ./cache/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296881-2g81sjnl author = Nabil, Ahmed title = Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4802 sentences = 253 flesch = 43 summary = On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. In COVID-19 infection, a massive number of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, emitting different cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which binds to the IL-6 receptor on its target cells, causing the cytokine storm and severe inflammatory responses in most organs including lungs, liver, kidney and other tissues and organs. Moreover, in July 2020 the WHO discontinued clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 (WHO, 2020b), where both therapies produced little and no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases when compared to standard of care. COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency cache = ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296950-9dldbs6o author = El-Zein, Rayan S title = COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1832 sentences = 122 flesch = 43 summary = Neurologic manifestations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported such as anosmia, ageusia, ataxia, seizures, haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR was negative; however, a high index of suspicion remained due to the temporal relationship of his current symptoms and the recent COVID-19 pneumonia. Our report describes a case of encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 which showed clinical improvement with IVIg therapy. Moriguchi et al 5 described what appears to be the first case of COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis presenting with convulsions and confirmed with a positive SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR; their patient had abnormal MRI findings of the medial temporal lobe and was treated with favipiravir. Paniz-Mondolfi et al 6 reported a case of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in a 74 years old with Parkinson's who succumbed to his illness on day 11; however, SARS-CoV-2 was found in the brain capillary endothelium and neuronal cell bodies on postmortem examination. cache = ./cache/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296811-zelkkw1f author = Rodríguez-Padial, Luis title = El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 948 sentences = 87 flesch = 62 summary = Aunque se ha reconocido que puede haber distintas explicaciones para esta situación, como evitar la asistencia médica a causa del distanciamiento social, la disminución del diagnóstico del IAM con elevación del segmento ST y la existencia de otros riesgos competitivos con el contagio y la gravedad de la COVID-19 2 , lo cierto es que parece haberse asumido como causa más probable que los pacientes hayan evitado acudir a los servicios de urgencias por miedo a la pandemia. En resumen, aunque diversos factores han podido tener cierto papel en la reducción de los ingresos por IAM durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los datos indican que la mayor parte de esta disminución se ha debido a una situación de riesgos competitivos entre la mortalidad por la COVID-19 y la cardiopatía isquémica aguda. Reducción de los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Cataluña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296592-njf6u0v2 author = Keswani, Rajesh N. title = How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 128 flesch = 37 summary = Furthermore, due to the high virulence of SARS-CoV-2, emergent demand for stringent standards of infection control, and rationing of necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) 2 , the overall endoscopy volumes decreased dramatically with only a minority the units performing outpatient procedures. The GI societies have been at the forefront in providing unique and impactful educational opportunities to trainees both regarding the COVID-19 pandemic as well as general gastroenterology and endoscopy. Local and regional GI societies are similarly addressing trainee member needs by offering new fellows' series and sharing virtual educational opportunities across institutions. However, given the pandemic-associated limitation on endoscopy volume and trainee participation, this is a time for training programs to "rediscover" simulation. This has already occurred to an extent via global expansion of fellow networks through GI societies and shared web-based resources, providing trainees with a perspective on the global impact of this pandemic on training. • Societies work in concert with training programs to offer regional-based simulation opportunities (multiple institutions pooling resources) Virtual Learning cache = ./cache/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296888-z5x6zkht author = Hailay, Abrha title = The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2760 sentences = 153 flesch = 48 summary = title: The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis This research protocol will, therefore, be driven to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the Coronavirus Disease in 2019 burden, admission and outcome among Asthmatic patients in Africa. This research protocol will, therefore, be driven to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 burden, admission and outcome among asthmatic patients in Africa. Data extraction was including information: first author, publishing month, country and/or region, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnostic criteria, comorbidity, COVID-19, study Upon introduction pick. If there will be heterogeneity between studies, we will use a meta-analysis of random-effects [24] to estimate the aggregate pooled burden, admission and outcome of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be expected to quantify the burden, admission and outcome of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa. cache = ./cache/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297093-ld89vmct author = Clark, Kristina E N title = Safety of intravenous Anakinra in COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammation, a case series date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3236 sentences = 198 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSION: Intravenous anakinra is safe to use in patients with COVID-19 and evidence of supra-added bacterial infection. These patients all showed evidence of hyperinflammation with raised inflammatory markers, and CRP, and were given intravenous anakinra, with safe and successful use, suggesting the potential benefit from IL-1 blockade in this subgroup of patients with confirmed COVID-19. We present four cases of immunosuppressed patients, receiving beneficial effects from the use of intravenous anakinra to treat severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation and concomitant bacterial infections. Our case series supports the hypothesis of IL-1 blockade as an important disease modifying treatment in those patients with severe late stage COVID-19, with evidence of cytokine storm. We believe that administering intravenous anakinra at the height of the cytokine storm has profound beneficial effects, both clinically and biochemically on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296676-2anl2agl author = Goldberg, Michael F. title = Neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19: what the emergency radiologist needs to know date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4158 sentences = 213 flesch = 43 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. These neurologic manifestations were more common in severely affected patients, tended to occur early in the disease course, and could be the initial, presenting clinical evidence of COVID-19 [4] . Lastly, the authors note that ECMO alone (in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection) is a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage, further limiting the generalizability of this small case series. Regardless, prior studies that evaluated neuroimaging findings of patients infected with other members of the Betacoronavirus genus have also demonstrated significant abnormalities, including intracranial hemorrhage and evidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), which could represent sequelae of inflammatory response and/or direct CNS infection [50, 51] . On behalf of the CoCo Neurosciences study group (2020) Retrospective observational study of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations cache = ./cache/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297001-4g3wb8qi author = Tal, Shir title = Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4626 sentences = 236 flesch = 47 summary = Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease. However, many of the COVID-19 patients may present with high levels of D-dimer due to other causes -inflammation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, advanced age, or infection [23] suggesting the need for CTPA as an initial rule-out test as well. Finally, based on the correlation between high levels of D-dimer and severe COVID-19 disease [7, 37] as well as higher mortality rate [5, 38] , the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemosthasis (ISTH) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines [39] advises prophylactic LMWH in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the absence of any contraindications (active bleeding and platelet count less than 25 × 10 9 /L) [34, 40] . cache = ./cache/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296803-tde8k4kr author = Lundin, Rebecca title = Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1501 sentences = 77 flesch = 52 summary = During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international authorities have warned about the increased risk of GBV related to more time spent indoors, isolation from social and protective networks, and greater social and economic stress related to both the epidemic and response measures [2] [3] [4] . During the COVID-19 pandemic network members were asked to review the number of women contacting anti-violence centers during two time periods, corresponding to about one month each (between 2 March and 5 April 2020 and between 6 April and 3 May 2020). Specifically, further research is needed to identify the drivers of the observed increases in contact with anti-violence centers and to develop and test effective interventions to protect women at risk of GBV during the ongoing COVID-19 response. cache = ./cache/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297210-b8bl5vq5 author = Leask, Andrew title = COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 482 sentences = 34 flesch = 53 summary = Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disease that is characterized by rapid onset fibrosis. Moreover, the authors reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was cormorbid with COVID-19 (p = 0.056). Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine linked with connective tissue disorders including fibrosis, were significantly higher in patients who died, and appeared to increase with disease progression. These data strongly imply that not only is pulmonary fibrosis a comorbidity for COVID-19, but that it may be the cause of mortality for COVID-19. In any event, these data strongly support the contention that development of anti-fibrotic agents is imperative not only to affect diseases such as scleroderma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and metastatic cancers, but is also necessary to treat COVID-19. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296773-5o4hr6ir author = Zeneli, A. title = Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an Italian experience date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4696 sentences = 207 flesch = 42 summary = In the early phase of the pandemic, the search of emerging literature was aimed at finding peer-reviewed information needed to keep nursing teams and other healthcare professionals upto-date in the following areas: disease physiopathology and symptoms, ways of person-to-person transmission; evidence or recommendations on infection prevention and control precaution measures; epidemiology, reusable equipment and environmental cleaning procedures, diagnostic tests, efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and communication strategies in healthcare organizations during health emergency events. Patient, caregiver and employee safety, patient health outcomes, use of resources Adopted strategies and instruments for achieving goals Risk assessment to screen those with flu-like symptoms and refer them to their general practitioner for early communication, isolation and treatment for COVID-19 to prevent severe disease; telephone triage of patients before planning their visit to hospital; triaging patients and their caregivers before their access to cancer services; Continuity of essential services, appropriate case management Communication instruments cache = ./cache/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297132-lhfa9fl5 author = Aghagoli, Ghazal title = Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5940 sentences = 280 flesch = 36 summary = In this review, we synthesize a range of clinical observations and initial case series describing potential neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 and place these observations in the context of coronavirus neuro-pathophysiology as it may relate to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in a variety of symptoms including fever, cough, and fatigue [1] . The Kawasaki-like syndrome that is now described in young patients following COVID-19 infection and associated with a hyper-inflammatory state is further suggestive of a vascular inflammatory potential of SARS-CoV-2 [48, 49] . Once established in the CNS, SARS-CoV, the virus responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), has been shown to be capable of inducing rapid transneuronal spread and death of infected neurons in transgenic mice models expressing human ACE2 receptors [63] . cache = ./cache/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297236-wnuvofwr author = Zhang, Si title = SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10404 sentences = 646 flesch = 50 summary = SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly enhanced platelet activation such as platelet aggregation, PAC-1 binding, CD62P expression, α granule secretion, dense granule release, platelet spreading, and clot retraction in vitro, and thereby Spike protein enhanced thrombosis formation in wild-type mice transfused with hACE2 transgenic platelets, but this was not observed in animals transfused with wild-type platelets in vivo. However, similar to the results from the SARS-CoV-2 virus experiments, we were able to demonstrate that the Spike protein dose-dependently enhanced platelet aggregation and ATP release (Additional file 1: Online Figure 6 ). In addition, the Spike protein potentiated platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to agonists in vitro and enhanced thrombosis formation in vivo on hACE2 transgenic mice, while it had no effect on wild-type mice ( Fig. 6c and Additional file 1: Online Figure 8 ). cache = ./cache/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297362-mhtvrn0c author = Wu, Xian-rui title = Practice Patterns of Colorectal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1495 sentences = 80 flesch = 53 summary = L., R.P.K.) mainly consisted of 4 domains: surgeon's expertise and setting, practice patterns of colorectal surgery, factors associated with decision making for colorectal surgery, and safety and protection concerns of patients and health care providers. Colorectal cancer was the main indication for elective or emergent colorectal surgery during the pandemic as reported by 237 (65.3%) surgeons. 10 Consistent with this reality, this study showed that the percentage of surgeons who operated on at least 7 cases per week previous to the pandemic dropped significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic began, with emergent colorectal surgeries being less likely to be affected than elective cases. 11 This fact was reflected by the results of our survey which demonstrated that most surgeons reported colorectal cancer as the main indication for colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a high percentage of participating surgeons felt that more patients could safely have had elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297378-quyehjr1 author = Hong, Yan title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7858 sentences = 526 flesch = 54 summary = Second, descriptive statistics and an importance-performance analysis (IPA) were used to measure the impact of B&B before/after COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction levels in Zhejiang. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. cache = ./cache/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297241-ajy2wi51 author = Katz, Carmit title = Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4675 sentences = 230 flesch = 50 summary = title: Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage OBJECTIVE: Examine child protection in Israel during COVID-19, as portrayed in mainstream news media and government policy documents. CONCLUSION: Children were initially invisible to Israeli policymakers facing the pandemic, highlighting the centrality of advocates promoting children's rights and of mainstream news media in disseminating the discourse of protecting children from maltreatment, especially in times of crisis. Through an analysis of official government policy documents as well as media coverage, the current study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What were the government's policies with respect to protecting children from maltreatment during COVID-19? Parallel to the neglect of children in published policy documents, child protection advocates led a media campaign targeting the public and policymakers, which highlighted the need to provide children and families at risk with services. cache = ./cache/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author = Drożdżal, Sylwester title = COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5672 sentences = 319 flesch = 41 summary = Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, nonPutative mechanisms of myalgia and headache during viral infection. Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs or analgosedation [52] . Recently, concerns about the possible higher frequency of adverse effects and exacerbation of symptoms of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19, in patients treated with NSAIDs have been raised [67] . There are reports of a significantly higher use of opioids because of sedation requirements during respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2, which highlights the importance of undertaking a study aiming to determine efficacious and safe procedures of pain management in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297013-0ykz2raz author = Agarwal, D. K. title = Alternative Approaches for Modelling COVID-19:High-Accuracy Low-Data Predictions date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4308 sentences = 256 flesch = 61 summary = Methods: Instead of relying on highly parameterized models, we design and train multiple neural networks with data on a national and state level, from 9 COVID-19 affected countries, including Indian and US states and territories. Further, we use an array of curve-fitting techniques on government-reported numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, separately projecting and collating curves from multiple regions across the globe, at multiple levels of granularity, combining heavily-localized extrapolations to create accurate national predictions. Further, we use an array of curve-fitting techniques on government-reported numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, separately projecting and collating curves from multiple regions across the globe, at multiple levels of granularity, combining heavily-localized extrapolations to create accurate national predictions. Therefore, we use curve-fitting and machine-learning models on national-and state-level data to predict government-reported numbers of total infections in multiple countries. cache = ./cache/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296801-19p33j65 author = Hagge, Daniel title = Chancen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Telemedizin in der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde bei der Bekämpfung von SARS-COV-2: Narratives Review date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1508 sentences = 202 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: To prepare the review, a selective literature search was conducted at www.pubmed.com using the relevant English technical terms for telemedicine and ENT. In addition, research was conducted at www.news.google.com on current developments of the COVID-19 pandemic with the search terms "telemedicine" and "COVID-19." RESULTS: Telemedicine can be helpful in direct contact with patients as well as in the conciliar support of general practitioners. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine can make a decisive contribution to coping with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Die COVID-19-Pandemie macht es notwendig, dass neue Wege bei den Themen Personalengpässe, Infektionsschutz und Sicherstellung der Patientenversorgung beschritten werden. Die COVID-19-Pandemie könnte als Katalysator dem bisher nur schleppenden Wachstum der Telemedizin neue Impulse verschaffen. Die Auswahl der aufgenommenen Studien erfolgte nach den Kriterien Publikationsdatum sowie nach dem Bezug zum Thema Verwendung von Telemedizin bei der Diagnostik und Therapie von COVID19 Ein weiterer Vorteil von Telemedizin ist die Möglichkeit, Untersuchungsergebnisse digital speichern zu können. cache = ./cache/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297217-pe6mehjv author = Simpson, A. Hamish R. W. title = COVID-19: potential transmission through aerosols in surgical procedures and blood products date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1324 sentences = 73 flesch = 48 summary = A six-fold increased risk of transmission of viral diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been reported during anaesthetic procedures such as endotracheal intubation. 2 no definite transmission has been reported due to surgical procedures, however unlike other viral diseases such as SARS and middle east respiratory syndrome (meRS), CoVid-19 appears to be both severe and highly transmissible and therefore could pose a far higher risk to surgeons and operating room staff. 9, 11 in comparison to SARS, in which only very low plasma levels of virus have been reported, 12 the blood of CoVid-19 patients is likely to have a higher potential for aerosols produced during surgical procedures to carry the virus. there is increasing evidence that a significant number of potentially up to 50% or more of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) are asymptomatic. cache = ./cache/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297010-imciixde author = Babayeva, Mariana title = Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7080 sentences = 519 flesch = 48 summary = 81 Similar doses of the two drugs produced 11-fold variations in the blood concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 47, 63, 82, 83 and in healthy volunteers, 52, 64 suggesting different extend of metabolism among individuals. Determination of CYP3A, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 polymorphism and, therefore, activity is important to establish safe and efficient dosing of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 patients. 125 Overall, the results suggest that CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP3A genetic polymorphisms may influence chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics and COVID-19 patients treated with the same dose of CQ or HCQ may exhibit lack of efficacy or adverse reactions. Despite the evidence of the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, no large pharmacogenomics studies have been conducted to provide guidance on the use, dosing, and duration of the therapy in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-297010-imciixde.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297010-imciixde.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297127-nhgm09db author = Hasseli, Rebecca title = National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4093 sentences = 218 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVES: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be at risk to develop a severe course of COVID-19. 2 In this situation, patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) may face a particular risk as their disease, especially when clinically active, and their immunomodulatory treatment may impact the course of COVID-19 infection. However, firm knowledge of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IRD is missing, and therefore, evidence-based recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disorders and antirheumatic treatments are lacking. As necessary data cannot be extracted from clinical charts or health insurance records, the DGRh and the Justus-Liebig University Giessen decided to establish a web-based registry, which allows a rapid and timely collection of IRD cases with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany to analyse the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD and to develop guidance for the management of patients with IRD during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297029-b38sm4y9 author = Murillo-Zamora, Efrén title = Male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2957 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = Demographic characteristics (sex, age), tobacco use (current), personal history of chronic communicable disease (HIV infection, no/yes) and noncommunicable disease (no/yes: obesity [body mass index of 30 or higher], arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiovascular illness) were collected from the surveillance system. In the multiple regression analysis (Table 2) , male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20) and older patients ([reference: 15-29 years old] 30-44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.11; 45-59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29-1.60), subjects to thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.24) or chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.64) were also more likely to present severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297157-16ciqu9w author = Mamun, Mohammed A. title = First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1169 sentences = 57 flesch = 51 summary = Like previous epidemics and pandemics, the unpredictable consequences and uncertainty surrounding public safety, as well as misinformation about COVID-19 (particularly on social media) can often impact individuals' mental health including depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress (Cheung et al., 2008; Zandifar and Badrfam, 2020) . We would also suggest the following to the general public: (i) avoid unreliable and non-credible news and information sources (such as that on social media and what neighbors say) to reduce fear and panic surrounding COVID-19, (ii) help individuals with known mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety) in appropriate ways such as consultation with healthcare professionals using telemedicine (i.e., online interventions) where possible, (iii) offer support and signposting for individuals displaying pre-suicidal behavior (i.e., talking about death and dying, expressing feelings of being hopeless and/or helpless, feeling like they are a burden or that they are trapped), (iv) offer basic help (e.g., foods, medicines) to those most in need during lock-down situations (Suicide Awareness Voices of Education, 2020; Yao et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297365-11es4w0u author = Peng, Hui title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: Characteristics, Antimicrobial Treatment, and Outcomes date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1697 sentences = 113 flesch = 56 summary = METHODS: We retrospectively summarized the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of pediatric cases in Wuhan children's hospital which was the only designated hospital for children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. In December 2019, a cluster of cases caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei The observed cases were pediatric patients who were discharged from the Wuhan Children's Hospital from December 8, 2019 to February 29, 2020 and diagnosed with COVID-19. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has analyzed the illness severity of 44415 adult and pediatric patients, and found that severe and critical cases accounted for nearly 20% [9] . A epidemiological study in Chinese children with COVID-19 (n=2143) showed that severe and critical illness accounted for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5.8% [10, 11] . Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297413-gw0z23z9 author = Jalili, M. title = Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4885 sentences = 291 flesch = 55 summary = This study was conducted on healthcare workers providing care for COVID-19 patients and aimed to explore the level of burnout among this population and also to examine factors associated with the development of this psychological sequel. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the current COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate the level of burnout among healthcare providers who were taking care of covid-19 patients at 8 university-affiliated hospitals. Study participants included all healthcare providers (i.e. physicians, residents, interns, and nurses) who had taken care of COVID-19 patients at anytime during the first 2 months of the outbreak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650 doi: medRxiv preprint recognized, validated, self-report questionnaire for measuring the severity of workplace burnout (15) , using the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Burnout is a well recognized psychological consequence of working in the healthcare section and its impact on staff physical and emotional health, patient safety, and quality of care is documented. cache = ./cache/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296936-5gkx4jxa author = An, M. H. title = Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine and Antibiotics for mild to moderate COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from South Korea date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3788 sentences = 218 flesch = 49 summary = Results: Kaplan-Meier curves drawn using propensity score-matched data revealed no differences between the length of time to viral clearance and duration of hospital stay between the two treatment arms (p=0.18, p=0.088). Conclusions: HQ with antibiotics was not associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms compared to conservative treatment alone. There were significant differences between two groups before propensity score matching in all endpoints: time to viral clearance, hospital stay, and symptom duration ( Table 2) . This retrospective cohort study compared treatment response to two different treatment protocols in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients using several clinical outcome measures. HQ with antibiotics was not associated with better clinical outcomes and did not reduce time to viral clearance, length of hospital stays, and duration of symptoms compared to conservative treatment in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297209-84gs67bn author = Livanos, A. E. title = Gastrointestinal involvement attenuates COVID-19 severity and mortality date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7509 sentences = 496 flesch = 54 summary = In a fourth cohort of COVID-19 patients in which GI biopsies were obtained, we identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within small intestinal enterocytes for the first time in vivo but failed to obtain culturable virus. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 doi: medRxiv preprint (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) was associated with less severe disease (p<0.02 Fisher's exact 188 test) and lower mortality (p<0.001 Fisher's exact test) (Fig. 1a) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in small intestinal enterocytes of COVID-19 patients ( Fig. 4i,n, CD8 + T cells, the dominant IEL 388 population, showed an increase (2.6-fold) in COVID-19 cases compared to controls but the 389 difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.4) ( Supplementary Table 12a ), likely owing 390 to inter-patient variability, also observed by light microscopy. cache = ./cache/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297218-yct9fu8r author = Hyland, Kelly A. title = Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1525 sentences = 103 flesch = 46 summary = authors: Hyland, Kelly A.; Jim, Heather S.L. title: Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis Current available information suggests that people age 65+, those with underlying medical conditions such as lung disease, people with weakened immune systems, and people undergoing cancer treatment may be at increased risk for severe illness from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The current analysis examined qualitative data from a convenience sample of participants in a larger study evaluating the relationship of hope, goals, and psychological well-being in people with advanced stage lung cancer. Participants' naturalistic mentions of COVID-19 during follow-up interviews and discussion of behavior change in response to the pandemic were analyzed. Several key themes related to patients' experiences and responses to COVID-19 were identified that may not be readily apparent during clinical encounters, but have implications for oncology providers. cache = ./cache/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297333-fyn2xzfw author = Inchingolo, Riccardo title = The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 509 sentences = 43 flesch = 45 summary = title: The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound Abstract Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect pulmonary and pleural conditions. We suggest point of care lung ultrasound examination as a diagnostic imaging tool in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect 56 pulmonary and pleural conditions. 58 We report our experience on lung ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 59 pneumonia in a pregnant woman. Radiological findings from 173 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical 176 Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired 201 pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study cache = ./cache/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297384-0urbjy5p author = Bal, Irene A. title = The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1808 sentences = 114 flesch = 65 summary = title: The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic After the COVID-19 outbreak, education shifted to remote learning, and daily and professional lives quickly changed (Daniel, 2020; Liguori & Winkler, 2020; Zraick & Garcia, 2020) . Each student brings a unique professional and personal perspective of COVID-19 and their abrupt shift to remote working and learning. Working and learning in online programs allows me to travel but adding a pandemic in the middle of a semester, while traveling, shifted my life considerably. This didn't seem to be much of a shift since I was already working and learning online, but that quickly changed when stay-at-home orders altered my travel plans, my learners needed more flexibility, and my As an instructional designer and graduate student, plans for the next semesters are undecided and erratic… I am still taking it one hour at a time, one day at a time. cache = ./cache/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296986-8fuj072z author = Kumar, Manish title = A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4465 sentences = 308 flesch = 52 summary = The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): increased transmission beyond China-fourth update cache = ./cache/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297432-2edncbgn author = Helleberg, Marie title = Persistent COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient Temporarily Responsive to Two Courses of Remdesivir Therapy date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2390 sentences = 139 flesch = 46 summary = A man in his fifties treated with chemoimmunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia experienced a 9-week course of COVID-19 with high fever and severe viral pneumonia. Recently, preliminary results of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT), a multicenter randomized controlled trial of remdesivir versus placebo for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients, demonstrated that remdesivir reduced time to recovery, in particular for those not yet having experienced respiratory failure with need for assisted ventilation [1] . We here report the clinical course and findings in an immunocompromised patient with remission of COVID-19 during treatment with remdesivir but relapse soon after discontinuation. We present a case of severe COVID-19 in a patient with B-and T-lymphocyte impairment secondary to CLL treated with chemoimmunotherapy 3 months prior to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The course and findings in this clinical case suggest that remdesivir has a rapid onset of action and can suppress, but may not eradicate, SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients. cache = ./cache/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297323-l3f12hg4 author = Amor, Sandra title = Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4982 sentences = 304 flesch = 43 summary = Like many viruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection including low CpG levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor binding domain, RNA shielding and generation of viral proteins that actively impede anti‐viral interferon responses. These subsequently induce expression of type I IFNs (IFNα/β) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) [figure 2] many of which have potent antiviral activities, as well as other proinflammatory mediators e.g. cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides that are essential to initiate the host innate and adaptive immune response. Likewise, viral load, obesity, gender, race, blood groups and comorbidities have all been reported to influence the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, [ Table 4 ; (101) (102) (103) (104) (105) (106) (107) (108) (109) (110) (111) (112) ] although few studies have fully examined the extent to which subversion and activation of innate immune components contribute to susceptibility in these cases. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling via TRIF Contributes to a Protective Innate Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection cache = ./cache/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297286-bo6pr34s author = nan title = Medical conferences in the post-COVID world: a challenge, and an opportunity date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1304 sentences = 62 flesch = 53 summary = Like all involved clinicians, radiologists have had to learn the features of the disease as they apply to our practice, including typical and atypical radiologic findings, appropriate use of imaging techniques (depending on available resources) and a correlation of findings with other clinical and laboratory data [6, 8, 9] . Future online (or hybrid) conferences must find or invent new methods of allowing discussions and interactions involving remote participants during all sessions, to create the same sense of community and collective learning that can be felt during successful on-site events. This will not be easy, but making this necessary shift successfully will establish a new standard for what defines medical conference success in the future. Scientific meetings must change their structure to survive, and successful societies in the future will be those which embraced this new circumstance, and adapted early. The radiology department during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenging, radical change cache = ./cache/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297368-ju6r1rf1 author = Moradi, Soroush title = Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2924 sentences = 133 flesch = 50 summary = In a cross-sectional study, all RPs with an updated medical record between December 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, at the rheumatology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran were included (as the case group), and the prevalence of COVID-19 was compared to the paired control group—individuals without RDs, randomly selected from the Qom Health Network's database. The current study aims to firstly evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in RPs and compare it to the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a group of paired individuals without any past medical history of RDs, immunodeficiencies, or immunosuppressive therapies and second, to evaluate the potential role of DMARDs in RPs against the COVID-19. Besides, individuals residing under the Qom Health Network coverage, without a past medical history of RDs, were randomly selected as the control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned later in the manuscript. cache = ./cache/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297213-r5ulw2n1 author = Lim, Michael Anthonius title = The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 954 sentences = 66 flesch = 40 summary = title: The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic Currently, the preventive measures adopted to lower the risk of COVID-19 transmission include mitigation approaches and living physically active lifestyles. 16, 17 Adoption of physically active lifestyles can delay the aging of the immune system, and minimize the risk of contracting communicable and non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression: diabetes and COVID-19 Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19 -Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297395-5r4fxcuq author = Rezende, Leandro F. M. title = Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2320 sentences = 135 flesch = 57 summary = We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. Herein, we propose a calculation of the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk for severe Covid-19, based on routinely collected data from a nationwide, household-based survey in Brazil. Information on covariates including sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, and Brazilian state (26 states and the Federative District) were obtained to describe the proportion of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 by population strata. Compared with younger participants, older adults (≥ 65 years) were less educated, more likely women, white and presented higher prevalence of risk factors for severe Covid-19, except for smoking. cache = ./cache/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297517-w8cvq0m5 author = Toğaçar, Mesut title = COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4678 sentences = 320 flesch = 58 summary = title: COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches In this study, the data classes were restructured using the Fuzzy Color technique as a preprocessing step and the images that were structured with the original images were stacked. In the next step, the stacked dataset was trained with deep learning models (MobileNetV2, SqueezeNet) and the feature sets obtained by the models were processed using the Social Mimic optimization method. [9] performed a classification algorithm using pneumonia data, SVM as a classification method, and InceptionV3, VGG-16 models as a deep learning approach. Using pneumonia and normal chest X-ray images, they set 30% of the dataset as test data and compared the proposed approach with the existing CNNs. They achieved 89.57% classification success. The second dataset is important in this study to compare COVID-19 chest images using deep learning models. cache = ./cache/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297477-o7kydesb author = Das, Ashis Kumar title = Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1707 sentences = 105 flesch = 59 summary = OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation, and province. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of recovery among confirmed COVID-19 cases. According to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), there have been 10,804 confirmed cases and 254 deaths due to COVID-19 as of May 05, 2020 [4] . We present the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea using data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and identify the predictors of recovery from the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297414-zq16s9ud author = Koh, Adrian H. C. title = What COVID-19 has taught us: lessons from around the globe date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1777 sentences = 95 flesch = 51 summary = This was integrated with the NHI PharmaCloud System, which allowed thorough checks on the travel and medical history of preregistered patients for all outpatient clinic visits, day This article is part of a topical collection on Perspectives on COVID-19 surgery, scheduled examinations, or hospital admissions in advance [8] . Measures in the clinic include plastic barrier shields mounted to slit lamps and machines; all staff are asked to wear cap, eye goggles, protective clothing, surgical mask, and glove during clinic; video calls to check the patients with fever and red eye but not yet diagnosed with COVID at the emergency department. The fact is, telemedicine has been proposed and discussed for several decades before the COVID pandemic, but the current situation where many countries have imposed lockdowns and restrictions to travel to clinics and hospitals has greatly accelerated its use and implementation [10] . Virtual visits in ophthalmology: timely advice for implementation during the COVID-19 public health crisis cache = ./cache/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297718-y58f2bp0 author = Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika title = Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 400 sentences = 30 flesch = 43 summary = key: cord-297718-y58f2bp0 authors: Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 cord_uid: y58f2bp0 We found that the report on "Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong" is very interesting [1] . pointed out the possibility of ocular manifestation in COVID-19 and the importance of eyewear [2] . Nevertheless, it should note that the ocular manifestation is usually overlooked by Thai practitioners. Modification of the present infection control guidelines to include the eye protective device during medical practice is suggested. It is necessary to educate the practitioner for recognizing possible ocular manifestation of COVID-19. Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04662-3 cache = ./cache/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author = Burke, R. M. title = Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7343 sentences = 341 flesch = 49 summary = To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with ≥ 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members. Among 49 HCP who provided care to or came into contact with the infectious fluids of travelassociated case patients and who had at least one set of respiratory samples collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate was 0% (95% CI: 0 -7%). cache = ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297396-r1p7xn3a author = Ng, Ming-Yen title = Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for COVID-19 Positivity in a Hospital Setting date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3251 sentences = 182 flesch = 53 summary = OBJECTIVES: To develop:(1) two validated risk prediction models for COVID-19 positivity using readily available parameters in a general hospital setting; (2) nomograms and probabilities to allow clinical utilisation.  Developed two simple-to use nomograms for identifying COVID-19 positive patients  Probabilities are provided to allow healthcare leaders to decide suitable cut-offs  Variables are age, white cell count, chest x-ray appearances and contact history  Model variables are easily available in the general hospital setting. To develop: (1) two validated risk prediction models for COVID-19 positivity using readily available parameters in a general hospital setting; (2) nomograms and probabilities to allow clinical utilisation. Thus, a COVID-19 prediction model based on clinical, laboratory and radiological findings which presents the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) would allow public healthcare systems to decide a suitable strategy on prioritizing tests when such RT-PCR availability is constrained. cache = ./cache/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297425-vcqqssm8 author = Aries, James A. title = Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato‐oncology Patients date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1402 sentences = 76 flesch = 49 summary = However, the prognosis varies widely between groups, with age over 60 years and underlying conditions including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer identified as risk factors for severe disease and death.(3) The initial reports from China show that patients with cancer are over‐represented among individuals who develop severe Covid‐19 after contracting the virus.(4) Patients with haematological malignancies are expected to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from this viral infection, due being immunosuppressed as a consequence of the underlying cancer, and from the effects of therapy. (3) The initial reports from China show that patients with cancer are over-represented among individuals who develop severe Covid-19 after contracting the virus.(4) Patients with haematological malignancies are expected to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from this viral infection, due being immunosuppressed as a consequence of the underlying cancer, and from the effects of therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297599-y4lu8m4k author = Luo, Hua title = Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7665 sentences = 373 flesch = 44 summary = This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some researchers are currently using mice as an animal model to test drugs and vaccines and to investigate the nature of the infection of SARS-CoV-2 [49] [50] [51] . In fact, in a study led by Qin Chuan on SARS, engineered mice that could express human ACE2 protein was successfully established, leading this Chinese team pioneered the establishment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 transgenic mouse model [54] . For example, an effective and convenient novel mouse model in evaluating in vivo protective capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was developed through stitching the human gene for ACE2 into an adenovirus by Perlman et al. cache = ./cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297759-arg71du6 author = Triantafyllou, Tania title = Esophageal cancer: challenges, concerns, and recommendations for management amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3740 sentences = 157 flesch = 30 summary = The primary aim of this review is to summarize the salient evidence for recommendations and optimal treatment strategies for patients with esophageal cancer amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In a viral pandemic, clinicians should balance the need to perform life-prolonging surgery and offer perioperative therapies with a patient's risk of contracting severe pneumonia if infected with SARS-CoV-2. The active surveillance strategy could be an alternative approach for clinically complete responders after neoadjuvant therapy in an effort to avoid possible exposure to COVID-19, which may be particularly beneficial considering the patients' immunosuppressed status [23] . Similarly to the organ-preserving approach in rectal cancer patients who present a complete response after neoadjuvant or definite therapies, the "active surveillance" pathways have been designed as a rationale for clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of EC. Active surveillance versus immediate surgery in clinically complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: a multicenter propensity matched study cache = ./cache/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297638-ab70s980 author = Stephens, Angela J. title = General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4515 sentences = 286 flesch = 42 summary = 31 Additionally, this trial also demonstrated increased maternal morbidity, such as hemorrhage and infection, associated with expectant management of PPROM after 34 weeks that would further increase exposure to different medical personnel, movement between different hospital settings (i.e., labor, operating room, and intensive care unit), and overall length of stay. Although there has been a recent trend to allow a longer second stage of labor in hope of reducing the cesarean delivery rate due to failure to progress in the second stage, a prolonged second stage may be ill advised during the COVID-19 pandemic due to an increased risk of respiratory secretion exposures to visitors and medical personnel. An Analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Intentional early delivery versus expectant management for preterm premature rupture of membranes at 28-32 weeks' gestation: a multicentre randomized controlled trial (MICADO STUDY) cache = ./cache/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297702-vxcj25sn author = Chen, Yuxin title = A comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of humoral responses specific to four recombinant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5253 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = We continuously monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the nucleoprotein (NP), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1 protein, and ectodomain (ECD) of the spike protein among non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients for seven weeks since disease onset. In this retrospective study, we successively monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the NP protein, RBD protein, S1 protein, and ECD protein in 19 non-severe and 7 severe COVID-19 patients during the disease progression. The severe patients and non-severe patients had comparable reduced fold of IgM, IgG, and IgA binding titer specific to RBD, ECD, S1, and NP protein and neutralization activities. Furthermore, 80.7% of the convalescent sea from COVID-19 patients displayed varying levels of neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2, which correlated with S1-specific and ECD-specific IgA responses in non-severe patients. cache = ./cache/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297565-m6wnj83d author = Seese, Laura title = Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 695 sentences = 43 flesch = 48 summary = In response, there have been systems-based changes within US cardiac surgical programs in efforts to enhance containment measures and to preserve essential resources needed to treat an influx of COVID-19 patients. The World Health Organization identified COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 and within days, many cardiac surgical programs made drastic changes to their clinical practices with reductions in surgical volume due to delayed elective cases, reassignment of providers to intensive care settings outside their usual scope of practice, and the integration of virtual clinics for patient evaluation (1) . In conclusion, this survey of 502 cardiac surgeons demonstrates major changes in practice as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons from the early US cardiac surgery response to COVID-19 that can be extrapolated to future pandemics include the importance of involving cardiac surgeons in policy decisions regarding cardiovascular patients, the need for enhanced communication between hospital leadership and service lines as well as improved access to PPE for all providers. cache = ./cache/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297518-6y2uzcde author = Leulseged, T. W. title = Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3323 sentences = 181 flesch = 50 summary = Results: The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 doi: medRxiv preprint Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Based on the chi-square/ Fischer's exact test result, a significant difference in the presence of symptom was found among the different age groups, sex, different COVID-19 severity, those with a history of pre-existing co-morbid illness, cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma and the need of oxygen supplement. cache = ./cache/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297513-fxap5sw4 author = Liu, S. H. title = Time courses of COVID-19 infection and local variation in socioeconomic and health disparities in England date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3504 sentences = 193 flesch = 48 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.20116921 doi: medRxiv preprint [14] ); employment deprivation (proportion of working-age population involuntarily excluded 102 from the labor market, calculated from claimants of various out-of-work social security 103 allowances: [14] ), healthy life expectancy (average number of years a person would expect to 104 live in good health based on contemporary mortality rates and prevalence of self-reported good 105 health); preventable mortality (age-standardized mortality rate from causes considered 106 preventable, per 100,000 people); pre-existing chronic health conditions (proportion of registered 107 patients with a general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of coronary heart disease, diabetes, 108 hypertension or obesity); self-reported physical activity (proportion of adults completing at least 109 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week); and nursing home admissions 110 (permanent admissions to residential and nursing care homes, per 100,000 people aged 65+). cache = ./cache/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297878-c4cq92x8 author = Ali, Mohammed title = ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a 27-Year-Old Male With COVID-19 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2098 sentences = 128 flesch = 53 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that led to a global public health emergency causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we present a case of a very young 27-year-old patient without any past history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, or any risk factors for coronary artery disease except obesity, who developed STEMI while in the hospital. Here we present a case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a very young 27-year-old African American patient who was admitted for respiratory 1 2 1 3, 4 failure secondary to COVID-19. revealed that STEMI was the presenting clinical manifestation in 24 out of 28 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed with an STEMI. COVID-19 has now been associated with increased cardiovascular injury and even more so in patients with severe disease. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297673-rh8o4eu9 author = Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title = Comparison of the severity of psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4142 sentences = 204 flesch = 47 summary = METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of an Iranian society including community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students were investigated by the self-report questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional survey for the first time to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of the psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression) among community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students in an Iranian population. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from February to March 2020 in Tehran, Iran; the aim was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression) among community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students in an Iranian population. cache = ./cache/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author = Zou, Li title = Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 190 flesch = 52 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, to compare the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe cases, and to describe the potential risk factors for disease deterioration and death. We collected data including demographic information (age, gender, and address of usual residence), clinical characteristics (including medical history, comorbidities, symptoms, and signs), initial laboratory findings (hematologic, blood biochemicals, coagulation function, infection-related, and immune-related indices), and clinical outcomes (survival and death). cache = ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297661-62s3bdeu author = Mahajan, Ruchi title = Eculizumab treatment for renal failure in a pediatric patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1898 sentences = 126 flesch = 46 summary = The incidence and etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) amongst pediatric patients remains largely unknown. To our knowledge, we present the first pediatric case of COVID-19 and severe AKI due to TMA, treated with eculizumab. She was found to have elevated C5b9 level (1669 ng/L; normal < 244), and given high suspicion for complement-mediated TMA, she was treated with eculizumab 900 mg IV weekly × 3 doses. A case series from 5 patients in New York demonstrated a pattern of tissue damage consistent with complement-mediated microvascular injury in the lungs and skin [5] . Thus, we present this case as the first use of eculizumab for complement inhibition in pediatric complement-mediated AKI, associated with COVID-19 infection. Complement-mediated TMA should be considered as an etiology for AKI in COVID-19 patients. We present a case of complement cascade inhibition using eculizumab as a strategy for treating severe AKI in a pediatric patient. cache = ./cache/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297693-lqyc49t6 author = Samec, Matthew J title = 80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 177 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a 'crazy paving' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a 'crazy paving' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. The case was reviewed with the institutional infection prevention and control team who recommended repeating SARS-CoV-2 PCR 48 hours from the initial test. 14 There have been three published case reports of initially negative COVID-19 PCR tests in patients subsequently new disease determined to have COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297681-m0cckidw author = Na, Joo-Young title = [Secondary Publication] Standard Operating Procedure for Post-mortem Inspection in a Focus on Coronavirus Disease-19: the Korean Society for Legal Medicine date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 139 flesch = 48 summary = The Korean Society for Legal Medicine, a highly specialized organization responsible for post-mortem examination and death investigation, aims to protect multiple staff-related post-mortem examinations and prevent the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions and communities to improve social stability through this guideline for COVID-19 post-mortem inspections. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during post-mortem inspection of a dead body is relatively lower than that in the case of medical procedures or treatments because dead bodies do not cough and spread droplets. Due to the nature of postmortem inspection, in most cases, there is no or insufficient ante-mortem information, so collaboration with investigative agencies, local governments, and relevant public health centers is essential to determine the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 1) After confirming the identity of the deceased, if it is necessary to confirm whether he or she has the possibility of infection with COVID-19, request confirmation to the public health center through the police in charge, and proceed with the post-mortem inspection. cache = ./cache/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297825-gfyj52of author = de Joode, K. title = Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1133 sentences = 69 flesch = 53 summary = title: Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study Simulations of individual projections from actual hospital data, show a 2.25% increase of the 5-year risk of death and that pandemic-related cancer burden is mainly due to patient-induced lateness in seeking care. Results: To date, > 600 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have been registered by 45 Dutch hospitals. In multivariate analyses, age 65 years (p < 0.001), male gender (p ¼ 0.035), prior or other malignancy (p ¼ 0.045), and active diagnosis of haematological malignancy (p ¼ 0.046) or lung cancer (p ¼ 0.003) were independent risk factors for a fatal outcome of COVID-19. The findings in this registry indicate that patients with a haematological malignancy or lung cancer have an increased risk of a worse outcome of COVID-19. LBA80 Outcome and prognostic factors of SARS CoV-2 infection in cancer patients: A cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297870-m7n43k4p author = Azevedo, Rafael Bellotti title = Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5108 sentences = 211 flesch = 30 summary = Moreover, as in other respiratory infections, preexisting CV diseases and risk factors can increase the severity of COVID-19, leading to the aggravation and decompensation of chronic underlying cardiac pathologies as well as acute-onset of new cardiac complications [3] , highlighting that myocardial injury can be present in approximately 12% of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection [1] . Within the CV manifestations of COVID-19, we can highlight four different aspects: (a) CV risk factors and established CV disease is associated with a worse prognosis, (b) appearance of acute CV complications in previously healthy individuals, (c) promising therapies with antimalarials and antivirals present important CV side effects, and (d) questioning the safety of the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors regarding an increased risk of COVID-19 [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297777-lnr4w3ek author = Rothman, S title = The mental health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2906 sentences = 131 flesch = 50 summary = Disease spread has been tracked by the CDC and geographic differences can be viewed through the lens of epidemiologic and population-level factors which include: the timing of COVID-19 introductions, population density, age distribution and prevalence of underlying medical conditions among COVID-19 patients, the timing and extent of community mitigation measures, diagnostic testing capacity and finally, public health reporting practices. 3 In New York City, specifically in the Bronx where it is estimated that 29% of individuals live below poverty level 4 and the population is composed mainly of Hispanics and African Americans who may have a number of psychosocial issues including: poverty, homelessness, issues with access to health care, education and immigration concerns. Many of these workers are young and healthy, however diabetes affects 22% of the Latino population and this medical comorbidity is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease course. cache = ./cache/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298056-svwtfshi author = Fabio, Ciceri title = Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3319 sentences = 169 flesch = 46 summary = Multivariable analysis showed older age, coronary artery disease, cancer, low lymphocyte count and high RALE score as factors independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of COVID-19 patients of European origin, main risk factors for mortality were older age, comorbidities, low lymphocyte count and high RALE. 14 In this report we describe the demographical, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics, as well as the clinical outcomes and the risk factors for mortality, of the first 500 patients with COVID-19 admitted to San Raffaele Scientific Institute, a tertiary care academic hospital in Milan, Italy. With a clinical observation longer than one months from the last patient admitted, w e were able to identify early predictors of mortality related to patient characteristics, radiological and laboratory findings at hospital admission for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298079-hgdyxk98 author = Hsu, Jeffrey J. title = Heart Transplantation in the Early Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Single‐Center Case Series date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2096 sentences = 126 flesch = 53 summary = Here, we describe our center's experience with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in one of the country's pandemic epicenters, where we performed eight OHTs in the first two months after community spread began in late February 2020. 3 Further, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in highly immunosuppressed patients in the early post-transplant period are currently unclear. Current recommendations from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is for all potential donors to undergo PCR-based testing for SARS-CoV-2. In our eight cases performed during the period of pandemic onset (Table) , none have become infected with SARS-CoV-2 to date, despite the growing number of cases in Los Angeles (Figure 1) . Similarly, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with a newly transplanted cardiac graft is unclear, as to our knowledge, there are have yet to be any cases reported at the time of this communication. More evidence is needed to determine the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newly transplanted patients. cache = ./cache/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298163-220l6xhq author = Deng, Chu-Xia title = Glucocorticoids save lives in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 935 sentences = 50 flesch = 49 summary = Recent studies showed that glucocorticoid drugs, which are easily available as pills on pharmacy shelves worldwide, could save lives of COVID-19 patients. These observations provide experimental and clinical evidence that medium-to-low-dose glucocorticoids may play a protective role in the respiratory and digestive systems by activating ACE2 and suppressing cytokine storm. This work, entitled "Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels" is now published in the current issue of IJBS [3] . The inhibition of glucocorticoids to production of IL-6 certainly serves as a good predictive value for suppressing cytokine storm for COVID-19 patients at severe-to-critical stages. believed that up-regulation of ACE2 by glucocorticoids in the patients with severe or critical condition may also serve as a life-saving mechanism in addition to their role in suppressing cytokine storm [3] . Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels cache = ./cache/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298094-ctikhqvr author = Elias, Pierre title = The Prognostic Value of Electrocardiogram at Presentation to Emergency Department in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4165 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = The principal findings of this study include: (1) rapid clinical deterioration is common in admitted patients, with 53% of intubations occurring within 48 hours, (2) 33% of admitted patients either died or required mechanical ventilation within fourteen days of COVID-19 diagnosis, and (3) combining abnormal ECG and abnormal respiratory vital signs quickly identifies a group of patients at high risk for mechanical ventilation or death. In this study, we sought to determine if data available early in a patient's emergency department presentation (demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and ECG) could prognosticate the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death by 48 hours after COVID-19 diagnosis. In this study, we sought to determine if data available early in a patient's emergency department presentation (demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and ECG) could prognosticate the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death by 48 hours after COVID-19 diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297918-840thddt author = Yilmaz, Umut title = COVID-19: neurologische Manifestationen: Was wir bisher wissen date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 172 flesch = 48 summary = So wurde in einer ersten Studie mit 214 COVID-19-Patienten aus Wuhan eine neurologische Beteiligung in 36,4 % der Fälle beschrieben [1] . Eine Studie mit 58 aufgrund eines akuten Lungenversagens ("acute respiratory distress syndrome", ARDS) intensivmedizinisch behandelten COVID-19-Patienten aus Straßburg berichtet von neurologischen Komplikationen in 84 % der Fälle. Im weiteren Verlauf der Pandemie sind in den letzten Monaten zahlreiche Fallberichte und Fallserien publiziert worden, die von unterschiedlichen neurologischen Manifestationen bei CO-VID-19-Patienten berichten. Daher wurden in einer aktuellen Metaanalyse von Fallberichten und Studien zu neurologischen Komplikationen standardisierte Falldefinitionen für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Zusammenhangs zur COVID-19-Infektion gefordert [7] . Eine PCR-Analyse des Liquors auf SARS-CoV-2 wurde in 4 Fällen durchgeführt und fiel bei einem Patienten positiv aus. In einer europäischen Studie mit 417 Patienten wird von Störungen des Geruchs-oder Geschmackssinnes in über 85 % der Fälle mit bestätigter Infektion berichtet [2] . Saggese und Kollegen berichten von einem 62-jährigen COVID-19-positiven Patienten mit multiplen vaskulären Risikofaktoren, der aufgrund eines Schlaganfalls behandelt wurde. cache = ./cache/cord-297918-840thddt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297918-840thddt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298156-d0pb1kik author = Cheval, Sorin title = Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11027 sentences = 569 flesch = 47 summary = Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems. cache = ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297886-kxb17zx4 author = Kluger, Dan M. title = Impact of healthcare worker shift scheduling on workforce preservation during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1722 sentences = 84 flesch = 52 summary = We ran Monte Carlo simulations modeling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in non–COVID-19 wards, and we found that longer nursing shifts and scheduling designs in which teams of nurses and doctors co-rotate no more frequently than every 3 days can lead to fewer infections. In summary, pandemics necessitate widespread reassessment of workforce planning to ensure backup of sufficient uninfected HCWs. Using various input variables for our simulations for non-COVID-19 services, we make 3 primary observations: (1) Having all HCWs work at least 3 consecutive days reduces the chance of team failure, (2) longer nursing shifts (12 versus 8 hours) decreases the rate of HCW infection, and (3) avoiding staggering of rotations of attendings, house staff, and nurses reduces the number of infected HCWs. When applying this model to the real-world challenge of staffing hospital units, clinical setting variables such as trainee presence, patient acuity, stay length, and nurse-patient ratio will need to be considered. cache = ./cache/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298012-yfzosrok author = Harrison, Stephanie L. title = Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A federated electronic medical record analysis date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3477 sentences = 167 flesch = 47 summary = Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed older age (odds ratio [OR] per year 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.55–1.98; p < 0.001), being black or African American compared to white (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.31–1.71; p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.64–2.35; p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.21–1.67; p < 0.001), dementia (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07–1.56; p = 0.008), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43; p = 0.003), mild liver disease (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00–1.59; p = 0.046), moderate/severe liver disease (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.53–4.47; p < 0.001), renal disease (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.84–2.46; p < 0.001), and metastatic solid tumor (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19–2.43; p = 0.004) were associated with higher odds of mortality with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297635-higq7wje author = Bahn, Kate title = A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2140 sentences = 112 flesch = 53 summary = The perceived low value of care work paid and unpaid -and women's disproportionate responsibility in performing this work is an issue that has garnered long-term attention in the field of feminist economics, with valuable lessons for understanding how women are impacted by COVID-19 and mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout (Power, 2004) . The value of women's paid and unpaid labor is increasingly apparent with the spread of COVID-19: as school close, the role of teachersdisproportionately womenand public education as a mechanism of support and care-giving for families is laid bare, as women working for pay scramble to arrange childcare. Because women bear responsibility for social reproduction, during crises they may face increased pressure to substitute unpaid work for lost income, for example taking care of an ill relative at home rather than taking them to a clinic (ILO, 2018). cache = ./cache/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298191-sqfx171j author = Ga, Hyuk title = The Korean Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Strategy for Older Adults date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 709 sentences = 57 flesch = 64 summary = strategies for long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) among those for LTCFs. LTCHs are a wide-spread unique form of hospitals for frail and activities of daily living (ADL)-dependent older people in Korea; however, we assumed that the strategies for LTCHs are similar to those for LTCFs (nursing homes). 12, 13) Second, we emphasized the importance of wearing facemasks regularly even in encounters with older adults or healthcare workers without respiratory symptoms, as 5% to 75% of positive cases are reportedly asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. In addition, the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a temporary regulation that permits telephone-based consultation and prescription and covers half of the expenses for COVID-19 testing for all new inpatients of LTCHs. 11) On May 2, 2020, the KCDC announced zero positive cases from randomly-screened samples from among 6,544 residents and care assistants of 46 LTCHs in the Seoul area. COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission cache = ./cache/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297757-3pvstiz6 author = Sominsky, Luba title = One size does not fit all – Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1998 sentences = 94 flesch = 47 summary = While the most vulnerable population to suffer severe outcomes of respiratory viruses other than coronaviruses are typically older adults, people suffering from chronic medical conditions, and children, in the case of COVID-19 there have so far been no fatalities in children aged 0-9 years of age in China. Preliminary statistics from Italy's outbreak of COVID-19, currently the second most affected country outside of China with the highest case-fatality ratio to date of approximately 7%, similarly suggest children are not likely to be at high risk of severe disease (EpiCentro, 2020). Although the current pandemic is arguably too new to have produced reliable statistics on population demographics on the world stage, the emerging pattern of resilience to severe outcomes of COVID-19 in children is puzzling considering what we know of other viruses, such as influenza and measles. cache = ./cache/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297965-3bdv6ady author = Lee, Sun Young title = Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4148 sentences = 252 flesch = 53 summary = BACKGROUND: In response to the disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) established a patient facility for mild condition patients other than hospital. CONCLUSION: In the time of an infectious disease disaster, a metropolitan city can operate a temporary patient facility such as CTC to make a surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource. To respond the shortage of medical resource due to COVID-19 outbreak, the Korean government introduced a temporary patient facility called community treatment centers (CTCs). To prepare and respond second wave of COVID-19 epidemic and future emerging infectious disease disaster, analysis of operation of actual CTC and information of patient triage in the community is needed. 1,34 In a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million, through operating the two-stage surge capacity consisting of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals and CTCs, allocating scarce hospital resources to critically ill patients was possible. cache = ./cache/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298127-zp8kze6t author = Shao, Fei title = Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 410 sentences = 30 flesch = 47 summary = title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience We have previously reported outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. 1 Here we report our personal experience of prevention, treatment and staff safety for IHCA patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All critically-ill patients with COVID-19 should be evaluated for the risk of cardiac arrest. In addition assessment of myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 by monitoring myocardial enzymes, brain natriuretic peptides, and ultrasound, and ECG for arrhythmia may have prevented some cardiac arrests. We observed that cardiac arrest In our opinion, medical personnel should wear high-level personal protection equipment (PPE), including N95 masks, gowns, gloves, goggles, visors, and a powered air-purifying respirator at the beginning of each work shift and during CPR. In our experience, the PPE can loosen and the mask can slip during chest compression. In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298090-9b3d33ih author = Charlier, P title = L’hydroxy-chloroquine pour traiter les patients infectés du COVID-19: quelques leçons d'an-thropologie médicale et d'histoire de la médecine date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1827 sentences = 127 flesch = 57 summary = Here, the authors question the implementation of hydroxychloroquine treatment in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Here, the authors question the implementation of hydroxychloroquine treatment in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the start of the epidemics and then the pandemic, Professor Raoult has been in favour of using a drug combination (hydroxy-chloroquine +/ azithromycine) that shows a good in vitro antiviral effect against COVID-19 but without "robust" human clinical trials behind it [12, 13] . Returning to the discussion on hydroxy-chloroquine the look into the history of medicine offers one strong argument for the application as a potential treatment due to the lack of proven effective therapies for Covid-19 [24] . 8 So certainly, in the context of hydroxy-chloroquine and Covid-19 pandemic, there are rules to follow, those of statistics and randomised controlled trials, but do we have the time? cache = ./cache/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298185-w37nvorf author = Cao, Kai title = Current Evidence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Ocular Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2555 sentences = 159 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of patients diagnosed with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Most importantly, we extracted the number of events of ocular symptoms (conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion, foreign body sensation, increased secretion, and eye itching) and the number of positive viral RNA detections in conjunctival swab samples. The pooled prevalence rates of ocular symptoms, such as conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion, were expressed using proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from either a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model. The strength of our study is that it is the first meta-analysis to summarize the rapidly emerging yet controversial publications reporting the prevalence rates of ocular symptoms and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298258-satk2t9z author = Kahwash, Basil M. title = Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3548 sentences = 171 flesch = 43 summary = title: Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee To capture the experiences of allergy and immunology fellows throughout the United States and Canada during this time, a 17-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 380 fellow-in-training (FIT) members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology enrolled in US and Canadian allergy/immunology fellowship programs. Key words: COVID-19; Fellows-in-training; Trainee; Education; Survey; Telemedicine; Telehealth; Virtual learning; Allergy and immunology The web-based survey was designed and implemented by the AAAAI FIT Committee, and responses were obtained from 124 FITs. Data were collected on demographics, reassignment to treat patients with COVID-19, transition to virtual training platforms, and the impact of the pandemic on fellowship training. This Work Group Report summarizes and presents the data from the survey of FITs in allergy and immunology training programs in the United States and Canada to understand workflow and education changes, as well as concerns among fellows in response to change. cache = ./cache/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298257-uptgv2xv author = Cheng, Wenwen title = Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5802 sentences = 306 flesch = 44 summary = Compared with the control treatments, corticosteroid therapy was associated with clinical recovery (RR = 1.30, 95% CI [0.98, 1.72]) and a significantly shortened length of ICU hospitalization (RR = −6.50; 95% CI [−7.63 to −5.37]), but it did not affect the mortality ((RR = 1.59; 95% CI [0.69–3.66], I(2) = 93.5%), utilization of mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.35; 95% CI [0.10, 1.18]), duration of symptoms (WMD = 1.69; 95% CI [−0.24 to 3.62]) or virus clearance time (RR = 1.01; 95% CI [−0.91 to 2.92], I(2) = 57%) in COVID-19 patients. to explore the efficacy of the early use of short-term corticosteroids compared with a control treatment in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan Union Hospital and reported a remarkable improvement of clinical symptoms and chest computed tomography (CT) findings . All the included retrospective cohort studies (without control group) and case studies did not report virus clearance time in patients with COVID-19 after corticosteroid treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298200-rjlya399 author = De los Santos, J. A. A. title = Impact of COVID-19 on the Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intentions of Frontline Nurses in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Philippines date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3387 sentences = 203 flesch = 56 summary = Bivariate analysis and Spearman Rho coefficients were used to assess relationships between fear of COVID-19, nurses' characteristics, and other key study variables (job satisfaction, psychological distress, and turnover intentions). Results showed that fear of COVID-19 influenced the nurses' psychological distress and turnover intentions (organizational and professional). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20167411 doi: medRxiv preprint organization, job role, and hospital characteristics including facility size and type of hospital), an increased level of fear of COVID-19 is associated with increased psychological distress (β =0.357; p=0.001), as well as increased organizational (β =0.241, p=0.001) and professional (β =0.221, p=0.001) turnover intentions. This study's primary goal was to assess the fear of COVID-19 and its influence on the psychological well-being and turnover intentions among nurses assigned to care and manage COVID-19 patients outside the hospital setting. Nonetheless, fear of COVID-19 has brought enormous stress and psychological distress to the nurses, influencing their high turnover intentions. cache = ./cache/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298006-4g4eh5un author = Giones, Ferran title = Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4881 sentences = 231 flesch = 41 summary = Abstract With regards to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the domain of entrepreneurship, we offer research-based evidence and associated insights focused on three perspectives (i.e., business planning, frugality, and emotional support) regarding entrepreneurial action under an exogenous shock. Answering the call for attention from Startup Autobahn on the lack of guidance for entrepreneurial activity in an evolving crisis context, in this Rapid Response article we suggest that entrepreneurs build resilience (considering the unknown duration of this pandemic) while promoting social support to embrace new opportunities in a time of social distancing (see Table 1 ). Overall, based on theory and research regarding how business planning activities, frugality and emotional support can guide Startup Autobahn, other entrepreneurship stakeholders, and entrepreneurs more broadly, we recommend (1) adjusting to less formal, more frequent, and nuanced business planning activities; (2) adopting a frugal organizational culture that protects and prioritizes resources that directly contribute to the products and services and the long-term vision of the venture; (3) formalizing the informal so that emotional support can be exchanged internally and externally. cache = ./cache/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298287-larzpygd author = Bhat, Shubha title = Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 831 sentences = 48 flesch = 36 summary = title: Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic To characterize the clinical pharmacists' impact on caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19. RESULTS: The clinical pharmacist addressed COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease treatment concerns with 140 patients, conducted 34 medication education and monitoring visits, reviewed 141 patients' charts and helped rescheduled 18 patients who missed their biologic infusion, transitioned 12 patients to home infusions, and assisted 5 patients with medication access. DISCUSSION: Clinical pharmacists embedded in gastroenterology practices permit for continued optimal patient care during a pandemic. However, the potential for clinical pharmacists to strengthen the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during this pandemic has not been reported. The clinical pharmacist spoke with 140 patients to address COVID-19 and IBD treatment concerns. Maintaining the quality standards of care for inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298311-5vlycjbj author = Hur, Jian title = Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 796 sentences = 39 flesch = 51 summary = Patients with a history of contact, within the past 14 days, with anyone confirmed to have COVID-19; a history of overseas travel; or any one of the COVID-19-related symptoms will receive questionnaire results marked in blue (Fig. 1b) . Any patient who receives such results will not be permitted to enter the hospital, instead, he or she will be directed to the COVID-19 screening center set up for testing outside the hospital. In contrast, patients with no suspicion of COVID-19 will receive ivory-colored questionnaire results, which must be shown to the worker at the entrance of the hospital to gain entry (Fig. 1c) . It is believed that the mobile self-report questionnaire can help reduce hospital-acquired secondary infections by minimizing the contact between patients with COVID-19 and hospital workers or other patients inside the hospital. We believe that the use of our mobile self-report questionnaire by other hospitals could be helpful in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298325-2gm4fnqi author = Shah, Sonia title = Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4001 sentences = 245 flesch = 52 summary = title: Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate patient‐reported oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially non‐severe COVID‐19 to identify need for hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially non‐severe COVID‐19 patients when a cut off of SpO(2) 92% is used. Our objective was to evaluate patient-reported oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially non-severe COVID-19 to identify need for hospitalization. Our results found that pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool identifies need for hospitalization in initially non-severe COVID-19 patients when a cut off of SpO 2 92% is used. This study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially non-severe COVID-19 patients when resting home oxygen saturation drops below 92%. cache = ./cache/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298327-j04nyg5y author = Lv, Zhihua title = Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1892 sentences = 118 flesch = 51 summary = Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression 13 analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated 14 with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of 15 the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19. Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression 13 analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated 14 with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of 15 the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19. Preliminary analysis indicated that higher white blood cell and 129 neutrophil counts, as well as higher levels of D-dimer, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and PCT were found 130 in male patients compared to those of females, which was similar to patients in critical and 131 severe groups compared with those of mild groups (Table 2) . Higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts, as well as higher levels of D-dimer, IL-6, 155 IL-10, CRP and PCT were observed in patients co-infected with other respiratory pathogens 156 than those of infected with SARS-CoV-2 homogeneously (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298281-wkje5jyt author = Chan, Vinson Wai-Shun title = A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3492 sentences = 271 flesch = 54 summary = Primary outcomes were the urological manifestations of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in urine and stool samples. Primary outcomes of our study included urological manifestations of COVID-19, detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in urine and stool samples, and special considerations in urological conditions. For the urological manifestations and viral RNA detection rates, data were pool analysed using MetaXL and Microsoft Excel when there are two or more studies with at least four patients reporting the same outcome under the same definition. There were a total of 11 studies that reported the number of patients who had their urine tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Our meta-analysis included 12 studies that reported the number of patients with stools tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Our study showed that 5.74% of the COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in urine samples. cache = ./cache/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298343-nvuc1j7t author = Ma, J. title = Exhaled breath is a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 emission date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2791 sentences = 170 flesch = 64 summary = Here, 35 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). COVID-19 patients were shown to exhale SARS-CoV-2 into the air at an estimated rate of 103-105 RNA copies/min; while toilet and floor surfaces represented two important SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs. Surface swabs from the cell phone and hands of one patient(ITA-YL1) tested negative for the virus, but the SARS-CoV-2 was present on the toilet pit surface in that patient's hotel room (Fig. 1C ). Although EBC samples from two patients (ITA-YW2 and UK-YJ1) were shown to 20 contain SARS-CoV-2, surface swabs from their cell phones, hands, and toilet surfaces were negative for the virus. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20115154 doi: medRxiv preprint Out of 242 surface swab samples, 13 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 3 and Table S4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298440-0pb8ssj2 author = Rascón-Ramírez, Fernando J title = Supra and infratentorial massive strokes in previously healthy young patients with SARS-CoV-2. The role of neurosurgery date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1428 sentences = 94 flesch = 50 summary = COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease; COVID-19; Coronavirus; stroke; decompressive craniectomy; Cerebellar; SARS-CoV-2. We present two massive supra and infratentorial strokes in people of young age with no known risk factors and with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), requiring Endotracheal Intubation (ETI). COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298640-zwg8ueyb author = Smereka, Jacek title = The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 800 sentences = 44 flesch = 41 summary = The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era American Journal of Emergency Medicine xxx (xxxx) xxx YAJEM-158899; No of Pages 2 At present, it is recommended to apply various types of equipment, including, in particular, partial protection of the environment through the use of surgical masks or ordinary face masks by persons with confirmed or potential SARS-CoV-2 infection; this may reduce the risk of infecting people in the environment, including medical personnel [3, 7] . At present, performing a number of procedures in emergency medicine is associated with additional problems and risks for medical personnel. Emergency physicians, anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists, as well as the relevant scientific societies issue recommendations concerning endotracheal intubation or other procedures dangerous for the medical personnel [1, 2] . COVID 19 a challenge for emergency medicine and every health care professional cache = ./cache/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298536-kksivbh8 author = Lahav, Yael title = Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 – The Contribution of Continuous Traumatic Stress date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6704 sentences = 342 flesch = 44 summary = Individuals who had been exposed to trauma, and to CTS in particular, had elevated anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms compared to individuals without such a history or to survivors of non-ongoing traumatic events. Specifically, the current investigation strove to explore the contribution of PTSD symptoms as a result of past trauma exposure versus as a result of CTS in explaining psychological distress (peritraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms) in the face of COVID-19. To explore the moderating role of trauma type (CTS versus previous non-ongoing trauma exposure) in the associations between PTSD symptoms and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, moderation analyses were conducted via PROCESS (Model 1) computational macro (Hayes, 2012) . Additionally, higher levels of PTSD symptoms subsequent to trauma exposure were related to elevated psychological distress manifested in anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298426-hhly45md author = Zhang, Shan-Yan title = Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3726 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should pay close attention to these features in patients with COVID-19 including older age, male, fever, cough, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension to identify the severity of illness as early as possible. Hence, the aim of our study is to summarize the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiograph findings, treatments, and outcomes of different subtypes of patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province. We conducted a retrospective study investigating on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiograph, treatments and outcomes characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province from 17 January to 12 February 2020. Several risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 were identified in our study including male, fever, cough, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypertension, and higher age-grading. cache = ./cache/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298301-p1zj6jg9 author = Dey, Lopamudra title = Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6298 sentences = 387 flesch = 49 summary = title: Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins A total of 1326 potential human target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been predicted by the proposed ensemble model and validated using gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In this article, we have tried to predict the target human proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus based on their protein sequences combining amino acid composition, pseudo amino acid composition, and conjoint triad features using machine learning techniques. Subsequently, after feature reduction, we have used some popular supervised learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) along with a deep multi-layer perceptron model and ensemble techniques (Voting classifier, XGBoost, AdaBoost) for classification and prediction. A total of 3 sets of sequence-based features, namely, amino acid composition, conjoint triad, and pseudo amino acid composition of the human proteins are considered to train the machine learning models. cache = ./cache/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298639-v9yg80jw author = Chen, Yuxin title = High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3369 sentences = 178 flesch = 51 summary = Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 500 ng/mL of recombinant RBD or NP protein overnight, incubating with diluted were also collected and the nasopharyngeal swab samples from these patients have been repeatedly tested as negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at least twice at a two-day apart. Our study proved that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298461-tyhtdawb author = Zhao, L. title = COVID-19: Effects of weather conditions on the propagation of respiratory droplets date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7832 sentences = 475 flesch = 55 summary = This study investigates the influence of weather conditions including temperature, humidity and wind velocity, on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2-containing respiratory droplets. We suggest that the current pandemic may not ebb over the summer without continuous and proper public health intervention, because (1) in hot and dry weather, respiratory droplets more easily evaporate into aerosol particles capable of long-range transmission; (2) infectious PM2.5 that can infiltrate deeply into our lung has a longer suspension time in hot and dry weather; (3) many public spaces implement air-conditioning systems that can still operate at temperature and humidity setpoints that favor droplet transport. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111963 doi: medRxiv preprint Key parameters considered in the model include the distribution of initial droplet size d0, initial velocity v0, environmental temperature T ∞ , relative humidity RH, air velocity Vair, whose values are given here. cache = ./cache/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298295-epxd03pt author = Eckermann, M. title = 3d Virtual Patho-Histology of Lung Tissue from Covid-19 Patients based on Phase Contrast X-ray Tomography date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6497 sentences = 369 flesch = 51 summary = We present a new approach of three-dimensional (3d) virtual histology and patho-histology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal-architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we can propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a novel tool to unravel the patho-physiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for a full quantification of tissue remodeling.By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a cross section of 4mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. The 3d virtual pathohistology approach for Covid-19 presented here was realized by implementing a novel multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography concept, with dedicated xray optics and instrumentation to image the tissue structure on multiple length scales, while at the same time covering large reconstruction volumes. cache = ./cache/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298774-l4jwlc8p author = Li, Haomin title = Changes in Children’s Healthcare Visits During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hangzhou, China date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 944 sentences = 53 flesch = 55 summary = We calculated the rate of each disease in all visiting before and after Jan 25, 2020, and using the change rate (CR = rate in all visiting after outbreak / rate in all visiting before outbreak) and daily visiting number before and after outbreak (DVN before and DVN after ) to show changes of children's health during the pandemic under rigorous epidemic control measures. Coincident with COVID-19 restrictions, the daily number of pediatric visits after Jan 25, 2020 fell to about only one quarter compared with the historical data in 2019 due to the measures such as restriction of travel and social distancing , home quarantine and infection prevention and control in the hospital which suspended some services. Measures such as restriction of travel and social distancing, home quarantine and infection prevention and control in the hospital, which necessitated suspending some services, likely were causes for both decrease in visits for some conditions and increase in visits for other conditions. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents cache = ./cache/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298372-4pw1y404 author = Koch, Lionel title = Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin? date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6206 sentences = 286 flesch = 42 summary = The last Ebola outbreak in 2014 in West Africa was regarded as a paradigm of the issues caused by emerging infectious diseases nowadays: this extremely deadly pathogen has naturally emerged in a large new area, and its overwhelming spread has subsequently impacted Europe and the United States [3] . At the same time, some natural outbreaks were caused by naturally altered pathogens like the Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Europe in 2011, a strain that acquired and combined unusual virulence factor and drug resistance genes [25] or in 2003 the new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified with surprise in front of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases [26] . Indeed, even if the substantial remaining risk in the case of an attack is the possibility of secondary actions aiming to maximise damages to the emergency infrastructure [38] , the real challenge for global safety remains the early detection, the accurate characterisation and the establishment of specific measures, whatever the outbreak origin [39, 40] . cache = ./cache/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298682-5heb9biz author = Stephen, Shine title = COVID-19: Weighing the Endeavors of Nations, with Time to Event Analysis date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 161 flesch = 55 summary = Two days later, a public health emergency was declared, which barred entry to foreign nationals who had visited COVID-19 affected nations (China, Iran, United Kingdom, Ireland, or the 26 European countries) in the past 2 weeks. A human bio-security emergency was declared on March 18 th owing to the hazard to human health caused by COVID-19, and stringent measures were imposed with the shutting down of non-essential services, urging vulnerable people to stay indoors, social distancing rule of 4 square meters per person in an enclosed space (which was later modified to include only 2 people who could meet in public places). By mid-March all non-essential businesses were shut down along with schools, entertainment venues, and public gatherings were While the government declared a state of emergency, the fight against the pandemic was driven by public health authorities deploying a policy of prompting people to use face masks, hand sanitizers, practice social distancing, and staying at home. cache = ./cache/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298886-xidaim04 author = Leszczyński, Piotr title = COVID-19: a short message to rheumatologists date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1571 sentences = 71 flesch = 42 summary = In the treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19, there is a possibility of using a TNF alpha inhibitor (adalimumab) or IL-6 receptor inhibitors (tocilizumab, sarilumab) [6] [7] [8] , which are currently being studied in randomized clinical trials in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with signs and symptoms of rapidly progressing pneumonia. Our own experience with the combined use of chloroquine and azithromycin or ceftriaxone (n = 34) and tocilizumab (n = 1) in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the course of COVID-19 disease is very good, although it should only be considered as a series of cases (Figs. In accordance with some clinical concerns of rheumatologists, patients with rheumatic diseases treated with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) should have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patient with pharmacologically treated rheumatic disease after close contact (staying at a distance of less than 2 m, for more than 15 minutes, in the last 7 days) with a person with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection without clinical symptoms of COVID-19: cache = ./cache/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298557-85e0l8or author = Bellido, Virginia title = CONSECUENCIAS DE LA COVID-19 SOBRE LAS PERSONAS CON DIABETES date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1277 sentences = 130 flesch = 54 summary = Abreviatiaturas: (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, (UCI) unidades de cuidados intensivos, (iDPP-4) inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4, (arGLP-1) agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón, (IECA) inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, (ARA-II) bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II. Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes; morbimortality; hospital; hyperglycemia; treatment; insulin therapy En diciembre del 2019, el nuevo coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19, fue identificado en Wuhan, China. Por lo tanto, las estrategias deben dirigirse a facilitar el acceso al sistema sanitario mediante la telemedicina para asesorar sobre la adaptación del tratamiento o cualquier otra situación médica manejable de forma remota, y orientar a los pacientes y cuidadores en el control de la diabetes en situación de enfermedad para prevenir la hospitalización. En los pacientes con diabetes hospitalizados por COVID-19, los escasos datos disponibles muestran que el control glucémico es inadecuado. cache = ./cache/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298867-hzshnq7b author = Raham, T. F. title = Impact of Duration of Cessation of Mass BCG Vaccination Programs on Covid -19 Mortality date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1971 sentences = 160 flesch = 51 summary = At early times during COVID-19 pandemic heterogeneous immunity towards (SARS-CoV-2), was hypothesized and statistical correlation between of BCG vaccination practices and COVID-19 mortality variances among countries was statistically proved . Through applying stem-leaf plot for exploring data screening behavior concerning Covid-19 Mortality for obsolescence duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs, as well as (nonlinear regression of compound model) for predicted shape behavior for that group. Results: Slope value shows highly significant effectiveness of obsolescence of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs on Covid -19 mortality at P-value<0.000. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.20.20178889 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2) by different way that is the cessation duration of BCG programs in countries which stopped BCG vaccinations programs. cache = ./cache/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298679-w0yp4u19 author = Iftimie, Simona title = Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prospective, longitudinal, unicenter study in Reus, Spain date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3587 sentences = 184 flesch = 48 summary = Logistic regression analyses showed that fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer were the variables that showed independent and statistically significant associations with mortality. This is one of the first studies to describe the factors associated with mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain, and one of the few in the Mediterranean area. The objective of the present study has been to characterize our patients' epidemiology and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality for this disease in our geographical area. Logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer were the only variables that showed an independent and statistically significant association with mortality when they were adjusted for differences in age, gender, smoking status and alcohol intake (Tables 2 and 3) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298475-3bhiattk author = Farmaki, Anna title = Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9838 sentences = 462 flesch = 48 summary = The peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation sector has attempted to follow suit, with platforms such as Airbnb and Booking.com responding to the effects of Covid-19 in numerous ways. In recent years changes have been observed in the P2P accommodation sector as the growth of certain platforms (i.e. Airbnb) and the competition among hosts has led to the adoption of professional hospitality standards (Farmaki and Kaniadakis, 2020; . Within this type of hosts, we also identified participants that were previously involved in long-term renting; yet, they decided to switch to short-term rentals via P2P accommodation platforms as their popularity grew, allowing them to earn more money. Overall, five types of hosts were identified and categorised on a continuum (figure 1) according to their long-term perspective (i.e. decision to continue hosting on P2P accommodation platforms) and level of practice adjustment. cache = ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298725-da71febn author = Okuhama, Ayako title = Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan date = 2020-11-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1433 sentences = 100 flesch = 46 summary = title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease and prolonged inflammation. We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease and prolonged inflammation. Reports have been published on COVID-19 among patients receiving hemodialysis (2), but none have evaluated whether HD effluent is infectious. We report detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and prolonged inflammation. PCR results showed SARS-CoV-2 RNA of 157.9 copies/μL with cycle threshold (C t ) values of 38.3 at 1 hour after starting hemodialysis but were negative on effluent collected at 2 hours. In conclusion, we report positive qRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from hemodialysis effluent in a patient receiving renal dialysis. cache = ./cache/cord-298725-da71febn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298725-da71febn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298676-8wm95ghd author = Choudhery, Mahmood S title = Stem Cell Therapy for Covid‐19: Possibilities and Challenges date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2132 sentences = 133 flesch = 49 summary = As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for Covid‐19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. Considering initial promising results in a small group of critically ill covid-19 patients, a number of clinical trials have been registered using MSCs (Table 1 -3). These stem cell-based trials for Covid-19 will evaluate different sources, numbers, and patient groups for treatment. As there is limited available data regarding stem cell use for Covid-19 patients, the review has discussed a number of relevant implications imperative for understanding the logic, associated mechanisms and relevant problems for a successful stem cell therapy for Covid-19. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung diseases: current understanding and future perspectives Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID -19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298686-cpuw9ev4 author = Nuno‐Gonzalez, A. title = Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 916 sentences = 66 flesch = 51 summary = title: Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain Histological study from the acral macules was performed in 4 patients, showing a mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding the blood vessels and the eccrine Accepted Article sweat glands. Both urticaria and vesicular eruptions appeared in younger patients than the rest of the mucocutaneous manifestations with statistical significance (p 0.024) Prior studies have found a significantly lower prevalence of COVID-19 associated dermatoses (20% and 7.8%, respectively)(2,3). In summary, almost half of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 admitted in a field-hospital during a two-week period show mucocutaneous findings. Cutaneous manifestations related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A prospective study from China and Italy Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients cache = ./cache/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298654-sb9kevkb author = Yang, Xiang-Hong title = Focus on coronavirus disease 2019 associated coagulopathy date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1874 sentences = 94 flesch = 40 summary = Tang's [3] study of 183 confirmed cases with COVID-19 (21 deaths, 162 survivors) from the Wuhan Tongji Hospital has reported that the non-survivors had significantly elevated values of D-dimer compared to the survivors (2.12 vs. [8] Reports have been made showing that up to 31% of severe COVID-19 patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) showed the incidence of VTE or thrombotic complications, and D-dimer >1.5 mg/mL was a good indicator for identifying high-risk groups of VTE. Tang et al [10] have reported that anticoagulant therapy mainly with prophylaxis doses of LMWH appears to be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients with SIC score ≥4 (40.0% vs. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy cache = ./cache/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298817-q29br2o5 author = Ribera, Aida title = El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Respuesta date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 466 sentences = 63 flesch = 60 summary = title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La existencia de riesgos competitivos es también una de nuestras principales hipótesis para explicar la reducción de ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 1 . El exceso de mortalidad por cualquier causa de más del 50% que hubo en Cataluña (11.568 defunciones), especialmente de mayores de 74 años (9.749) 2 , explicaría también el ligero descenso de la media de edad de los pacientes atendidos 3 . El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 Reducción de los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Cataluña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298663-t4aui90j author = Zhang, Qiongshuai title = The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 114 flesch = 54 summary = title: The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis METHODS: We are going to search the electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science (WOS), Google scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database (Wanfang) for published clinical trails and search clinical trials register platforms of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) for ongoing trials of Jinhua Qinggan granule for COVID-19. The primary outcomes of the included studies contain Clinical symptom disappearance rate and the secondary outcomes obtain: TCM syndrome scale score, Hamilton anxiety scale score, and adverse events. Two reviewers (CF and XQ) will review all the included studies and extract data contain items of title, first author, publication year, country, publication language, journal, information of participants: gender, age, study design, sample size, intervention, controls, type of measures, primary and second outcomes and other detail information. cache = ./cache/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298846-qb0frju1 author = Waszkiewicz, Napoleon title = Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 719 sentences = 53 flesch = 52 summary = title: Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 In their article Wu and colleagues, similarly to other authors, present the effects of stress on medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic as an unprecedented challenge for all communities. Their observation is within current literature trends, which identify 7 population subgroups affected by the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19: general population affected by restrictive measures, people subjected to quarantine, positive for the virus (isolated/hospitalized), health care personnel, relatives of persons who died, and mentally ill patients. Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID-19 8 Other explanations may include stress-related undesirable health behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle or substance abuse/dependence, which might affect the prognosis of mental and somatic diseases. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China COVID-19: protecting health-care workers cache = ./cache/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298915-g1u9jods author = Chen, Y. title = An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Severe vs Non-severe COVID-19 Clinical Type Classification date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4171 sentences = 262 flesch = 51 summary = Currently, severe and non-severe COVID-19 types are differentiated by only a few clinical features, which do not comprehensively characterize complicated pathological, physiological, and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 invasion in different types. Machine learning random forest (RF) models using features in each modality were developed and validated to classify COVID-19 clinical types. These findings shed light on how the human body reacts to SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a unity and provide insights on effectively evaluating COVID-19 patient's severity and developing treatment plans accordingly. This study delivers an accurate diagnostic decision support tool to differentiate non-111 severe from severe type patients based on commonly available clinical data with clear clinical 112 Therefore, we developed an end-to-end ML framework to accurately 422 predict COVID-19 patient's clinical type based on symptom and/or biochemistry modality 423 features. The goal of ML classification through RF was to accurately predict the patient's COVID-19 type, 434 either "positive" (severe) or "negative" (non-severe), based on features from different clinical 435 modalities. cache = ./cache/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298866-dzatps7b author = Licskai, Christopher title = Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society’s Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1545 sentences = 94 flesch = 48 summary = title: Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic In general, asthma maintenance and exacerbation management should continue according to national and international guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, however treatment decisions should be individualized based on patient characteristics. 6, 7, 8 Are patients with asthma at risk of having an exacerbation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19)? The Centers for Disease Control identify people with asthma as a group that may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. No. Asthma patients should restart or continue their prescribed inhaled corticosteroid or inhaled corticosteroid steroid plus long-acting beta 2 -agonist maintenance therapy to improve disease control and to reduce the severity of exacerbations, including exacerbations that may be caused by SARS-CoV-2. Yes. There is no evidence that inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of acquiring COVID-19 or that inhaled corticosteroids increase the severity of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298505-r7ihqb96 author = Górski, Andrzej title = Sepsis, Phages, and COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3735 sentences = 226 flesch = 47 summary = In fact, in addition to data obtained in experimental animals, there are already reports of successful phage therapy in patients with sepsis [2] . Phage therapy efficacy has also been studied in a mouse model of neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii and Moraxella catarrhalis. High effectiveness of phage therapy in the treatment of experimental sepsis induced by multidrug resistant P. Further progress in phage therapy of sepsis has recently been achieved by introducing engineered phages used to treat a patient with a disseminated drug resistant mycobacterial infection. In recent years, a number of reports derived from experimental studies in animals and human clinics have suggested the potential value of phage therapy in the treatment of sepsis. The anti-inflammatory and the immunomodulating properties of phages could also be useful in the treatment of severe COVID-19 syndrome including viral sepsis (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298600-cnolne6k author = Majeed, Talal title = The Role of the Computed Tomography (CT) Thorax in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 for Patients Presenting with Acute Surgical Emergencies. A Single Institute Experience date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3221 sentences = 164 flesch = 48 summary = Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity of CT chest in diagnosing and confirming COVID-19 infection in patients presenting with acute surgical and medical pathologies. Patients admitted for acute surgical emergencies were treated according to RCS guidelines and subjected to RT-PCR test and/or CT scan of the thorax. Patients admitted for acute surgical emergencies were treated according to RCS guidelines and subjected to RT-PCR test and/or CT scan of the thorax. CT imaging was found to have a high false positive rate making it an unreliable tool for a definitive diagnosis in the presence of concomitant respiratory pathologies, but with a strong negative predictive value at 82.4% makes it a useful tool for the exclusion of COVID-19 infection and can be helpful in surgical decision making for asymptomatic patients (Table 1 ).In our study, more than 70% of all acute surgical presentations which are normally treated surgically were treated conservatively with good outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author = Huang, Ian title = Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3160 sentences = 205 flesch = 50 summary = title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Data extraction was performed independently by two authors (IH and RP), we used standardized forms that include author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, DM, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. This comprehensive meta-analysis of 30 studies showed that DM was associated with poor outcome that comprises of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298763-u5xn392m author = Mutala, Timothy Musila title = Radiology practice in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 outbreak: points to consider date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3101 sentences = 174 flesch = 50 summary = Given that pandemics such as COVID-19 can worsen the strain on the scantily available radiological resources in this region, we share some practical points that can be applied to manage these precious resources also needed for other essential services. Radiologists in sub-Saharan Africa must be fully cognizant of the radiological features of COVID-19 by referring to the aforementioned literature and the few cases they have from imaging patients with COVID-19 disease in their local setting. "Red" and "green" zones principle (minimize healthcare acquired infections): diagnosis of COVID-19 starts at the public health and primary care realms with clear case definition as developed by WHO [11] . At the same time, in the main hospital setting, it is imperative that the radiology managers and their staff get actively involved in the development of their institutional standard operating protocols (SOPs) on handling COVID-19 cases. "Red zone" operations demand designation of facilities including imaging for the COVID-19 diagnosed or suspected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298778-wnbqqzot author = Hamza, Marwa S. title = Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4224 sentences = 230 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. The assessment of students practices was performed through 4 questions (P1-P4, Fig. 2 ), that investigated their actions towards going to a crowded place, wearing masks when going out in recent days, maintaining social distance between others and if they agree that patients should disclose their exposure to COVID-19. Here, we present the results of a questionnaire study about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Egyptian senior pharmacy students towards the COVD-19 disease. Regarding the senior students' attitude towards COVID-19, in the present study 72% of them agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and 87% were confident that health care teams and scientists can win the fight against the coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298925-4wb7kayl author = Ahmed, Sakir title = Moving towards online rheumatology education in the era of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4062 sentences = 259 flesch = 41 summary = Most rheumatology textbooks are now available in digital formats, and these are complemented with live updating educational hubs such as UpToDate and ClinicalKey. Emerging topics of COVID-19 on these proprietary platforms are now freely available to all specialists. Social media channels, particularly Twitter, are becoming major players in the era of COVID-19 by offering online journal clubs, enabling fast dissemination of influential articles, and facilitating interactive education. Indexed rheumatology journals, in turn, aid online education by opening access to recommendations and other materials that are rapidly changing research and practice worldwide. • Online rheumatology education is enriched by peer review and social media activities, which are becoming major players in the time of the COVID19 pandemic. The EMerging EULAR NETwork (EMEUNET) has an exemplary online programme for mentoring ongoing research fellows how to review for top journals, filling a void in rheumatology education [52] . cache = ./cache/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298894-t5hyfum3 author = Rifino, Nicola title = Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4682 sentences = 247 flesch = 44 summary = Neurological manifestations were classified as: (a) cerebrovascular disease [53 pts (38.7%)] including 37 ischemic and 11 haemorrhagic strokes, 4 transient ischemic attacks, 1 cerebral venous thrombosis; (b) peripheral nervous system diseases [31 (22.6%)] including 17 Guillain–Barrè syndromes; (c) altered mental status [49 (35.8%)] including one necrotizing encephalitis and 2 cases with RT-PCR detection of SARS-Cov-2 RNA in CSF; (d) miscellaneous disorders, among whom 2 patients with myelopathy associated with Ab anti-SARS-CoV-2 in CSF. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed: (1) by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal specimens [13] ; or (2) by RT-PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by bronchoscopy in case of high clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative test results on at least two nasopharyngeal swabs performed at least 24 h apart; or (3) in the presence of characteristic radiological interstitial pneumonia associated with typical symptoms (fever, dry cough, dyspnea), even with negative RT-PCR, with no other possible aetiologic explanation. cache = ./cache/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298744-paippv15 author = Biddlestone, Mikey title = Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3563 sentences = 190 flesch = 39 summary = Participants (n = 704) completed measures of individualism–collectivism, belief in conspiracy theories about COVID‐19, feelings of powerlessness, and intentions to engage in behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID‐19. Results revealed that vertical individualism negatively predicted intentions to engage in social distancing, directly and indirectly through both belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which belief in conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness mediate the relationship between cultural orientation and intentions to engage in behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the relationships between individualism-collectivism and engagement with behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID-19 would be mediated by both belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness. Vertical individualism, however, negatively predicted social distancing intentions, directly and indirectly through belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, standardized indirect effect = À.04 [À0.06, À0.02], and feelings of powerlessness, standardized indirect effect = À0.02 [À0.04, À0.01]. cache = ./cache/cord-298744-paippv15.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298744-paippv15.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298991-5qae0ege author = Aiello, Francesco title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3143 sentences = 183 flesch = 50 summary = SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients' conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay. This systematic review will firstly attempt to analyse the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions (i.e., cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears), in order elucidate if conjunctival transmission occurs, and secondarily aims to propose a potential diagnostic tool in the evaluation of suspected, infected patients. Due to the scant evidence, both original articles, editorials, letters, and reviews providing evidence (i.e., prevalence, anecdotal report) about SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions were all included in the study. This systematic review analysed 252 SARS-CoV-2infected patients globally who underwent conjunctival swab, and demonstrates the prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 to be as high as 32% (12 patients out 38) , differently as what Lu et al. cache = ./cache/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author = Xie, Yewei title = Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6242 sentences = 368 flesch = 53 summary = To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299018-eo73yl4v author = Gandini, O. title = Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 758 sentences = 44 flesch = 51 summary = title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy Serum samples were collected from patients upon admission before starting any treatment and tested by Laboratory Department Of all patients included, 81 patients (57%) showed mild disease (control group) and 60 (43%) showed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation (severe group). 2 , panel C, D, E) Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for several disease-related risk factors at admission, including age, sex, NLR, DD, LDH, ferritin and CRP, demonstrated that serum ferritin resulted as an independent predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients (OR = 1,0048, 95% CI, 1,0029 to 1,0083, P < 0,001.). We clearly demonstrated that serum levels of ferritin progressively increased with the severity of disease and correlate with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Serum ferritin as an independent risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299102-4bwtg6xz author = Novara, Giacomo title = Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1592 sentences = 74 flesch = 42 summary = Although several reports are available in the literature on recommendations for reorganization of the clinical and surgical activities [3-7], to our knowledge, no data is available on the effective impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes of other medical conditions. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the urological component of emergency department activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing the requests for urgent urological consultations in a network of academic and nonacademic hospitals in Italy. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urgent outpatient urological practice, we evaluated the urological consultations performed in emergency departments in a specific week, after the national lockdown of the country starting on 9 March 2020. In the present report evaluating urological consultations in emergency departments during one week of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a substantial decrease in the number of urgent consultations. cache = ./cache/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298918-o1bmulz3 author = Khosrawipour, Veria title = Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID‐19 epicenters date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1317 sentences = 90 flesch = 55 summary = We analyzed available data on COVID‐19 cases of eight majorly affected countries, including China, Italy, Iran, Germany, France, Spain, South Korea, and Japan. 8, 9 The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare case development, growth rate and doubling time during the initial phase of COVID-19 exposure for each respective country. The present study included F I G U R E 1 Cumulative development of COVID-19 cases in China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and Iran according to WHO data. Data for the months of January, February and March and magnification of latest case developments outside of China F I G U R E 2 Cumulative development of COVID-19 cases in China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, and Spain within the first and second 3-week intervals. The first 6 weeks after initial reports of COVID-19 cases in Italy, France, Spain, Iran, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and China were subject to analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299082-s8bm40vy author = Wang, Yueying title = Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3714 sentences = 247 flesch = 40 summary = 5, 6, 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [15] Several investigators have reported cardiac function and structural abnormalities in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including acute heart failure (HF), 3,10,16 takotsubo syndrome, 17 ,18 viral myocarditis, 19 and acute myocardial infarction. In addition to exacerbating the previous cardiomyopathy and conduction disorders, inducing arrhythmia events, SARS-CoV-2 may also induce electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with no previous history of heart disease under a variety of mechanisms. Clinical features and mechanism of heart injury in patients suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299021-dbu05gyy author = Semedo, Edimir title = Drug-induced ‘Torsade de Pointes’ in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1897 sentences = 119 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: Early studies have led to the repositioning of a subgroup of antimalarial agents (e.g. chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) as antiviral treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. 3 We present a case of severe QT interval prolongation leading to 'Torsade de Pointes' (TdP) in a COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU). Because of QTc prolongation (QTc interval 482 ms), treatment with chloroquine was discontinued on the fifth day of admission. This case is a unique presentation of a critically ill COVID-19 patient who developed TdP despite cessation of chloroquine treatment but after the start of erythromycin. 10 Recently 11 This case illustrates that even for shorter periods of time, chloroquine can become a potent risk factor for QTc interval prolongation in the critically ill COVID-19 patient, especially when other potentially QT-prolonging drugs are introduced. Despite early reports, more recent studies have shown that there is increased mortality and adverse effects in the critically ill COVID-19 patient treated with chloroquine. cache = ./cache/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298914-d6k3tagt author = Samuels, Elizabeth A. title = Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1280 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = In order to address restricted treatment access during COVID-19, guidance from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, the US Drug Enforcement Administration, and the US Department of Health and Human Services has allowed for use of audio-only telehealth encounters for buprenorphine induction without requiring an in-person evaluation or video interface. In this new regulatory environment, we established the Rhode Island Buprenorphine Hotline, a phone hotline which functions as a "tele-bridge" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient treatment. This phone hotline functions as a 24 hour "tele-bridge" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient maintenance treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299144-yprqlgju author = Lin, Shaowei title = Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4107 sentences = 217 flesch = 44 summary = To evaluate the transmissibility of COVID-19, the basic reproductive ratio (R(0)) was calculated with the maximum likelihood "removal" method, which is based on chain-binomial model, and the association between COVID-19 and air pollutants or meteorological parameters was estimated by correlation analyses. In this study, meteorological factors, such as relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, and air pollutants such as CO and NO 2 were evaluated to determine their regional impact on the transmission of COVID-19. Exposure to air pollutants has been demonstrated to induce pulmonary oxidative stress, leading to Table 3 Correlation analysis between R 0 and meteorological factors in the low, medium and high flow subgroups. Overall, this study has shown that meteorological factors such as relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, and air pollutants such as CO and NO 2 may affect the transmission of COVID-19, differing among various provinces. The effect of meteorological parameters and air pollutants varies in different Chinese provinces and should be considered in future studies on COVID-19 transmissibility. cache = ./cache/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299044-j7txbt1n author = Gravas, Stavros title = Impact of COVID-19 on medical education: introducing homo digitalis date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2698 sentences = 159 flesch = 51 summary = Results were analyzed to examine the influence of age, practice region and settings on continuing medical education (CME) of the respondents. To better enhance the continuity of learning for urologists in this time of transition and uncertainty, the Société Internationale d'Urologie (SIU) disseminated a survey to members worldwide, to determine how they are continuing their education in the face of COVID-19. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of podcasts/ AV media (33%), online CME courses/webinars (36%), and social media (33%); all were more common than reporting having no time or interest for continuing medical education (6%; all p values < 0.001). Younger urologists were more likely than expected to use the literature (69%), podcasts/AV media (38%), online CME courses/webinars (40%), and social media (39%) (adjusted standardized residuals = 5.23, 3.99, 2.69, and 5.18, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298967-vjyh1xvh author = Bertossi, Dario title = Safety guidelines for non‐surgical facial procedures during covid‐19 outbreak date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2005 sentences = 130 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n=12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the non‐surgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While many medical Accepted Article practices are being run with online consultations 10 , some countries have recently decided to allow the opening of practices requiring one-on-one contact like dental, physiotherapy, for emergencies provided they strictly follow the guidelines detailing the infection control measures [12] [13] . In our largely elective field, both staff and resources should ideally be allocated through careful protocols in order to prevent COVID-19 infection. In response to this pandemic, our focus group has developed a process to stratify procedures and clinical levels with protocols that aim to minimize the risk of contagion and the diffusion of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298865-5pe33eos author = Yang, Tuo-Yun title = Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2638 sentences = 145 flesch = 47 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series To gain an insight into the different initial symptoms of both pulmonary and gastrointestinal categories, determine the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and to compare outcomes of patients presenting with different initial symptoms, we collected data from the west campus of Wuhan Union Hospital for further investigation. When infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms visit the gastroenterology clinic, the novel coronavirus may have already increased the pulmonary virus content through gut-lung crosstalk [16] . First, patient cases were limited as all from one hospital in Wuhan, which prevented that more clinical features related to initial presentations of gastrointestinal symptoms were characterized. General COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms need more days of viral shedding and hospitalization compared to the patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298777-hit7rs6q author = Zhang, Linjie title = What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta‐analysis of 551 laboratory‐confirmed cases date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3869 sentences = 250 flesch = 58 summary = We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available studies to summarize what we know so far about the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory features, as well as therapeutic and prognostic aspects, of COVID-19 in children. To be included in this review, studies needed to meet the following criteria: (a) Study design: randomized trials, observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort and case-control), case series or case reports, and research letters; (b) Participants: children up to 18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19; (c) Variables: epidemiological and demographic characteristics, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings, treatments, and prognosis. Thus, 46 articles [7] [8] [9] 14, 15, reporting 551 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in children were included in the review (Figure 1 ). A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299099-e1ajjte6 author = Brunese, Luca title = Machine learning for coronavirus covid-19 detection from chest x-rays date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3100 sentences = 153 flesch = 53 summary = The remaining of the paper proceeds as follow: Section 2 presents the proposed method from COVID-19 detection from x-rays, Section 3 describes the performance results in the evaluation of real-world chest X-rays and, in the last section, conclusion and future works are drawn. The feature set is obtained from each chest X-ray and, with the associated label, it represents the input for the supervised machine learning algorithm, that will output the model. As shows from Figure 2 , in this phase we obtain the numerical features from a set of chest X-ray not considered in the previous phase: this represents the input for the model that will generate the prediction i.e., whether the input chest X-ray is related to the COVID-19 or to the other category. The effectiveness of the proposed feature set in discriminating between COVID-19 and other disease is organised in descriptive statistics i.e., boxplot analysis and the evaluation of the model obtained as output from the machine learning classifier. cache = ./cache/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299155-94jplecb author = Sharma, Dhruva title = Rationale of anticoagulation among patients of COVID-19 undergoing cardiac surgery date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 650 sentences = 33 flesch = 42 summary = In the current times when we are about to restart our elective cardiovascular thoracic surgical procedures and knowing that COVID-19 is significantly associated with abnormalities of coagulation axis, the author wants Indian Association of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons through the editor to come out with strict recommendation and guidelines regarding "Do's and Dont's" of surgical procedures for the next 6 months to 1 year till the time vaccine is available or adequate herd immunity develops. Nonetheless, after surgical procedure the patient will be discharged and will be sent back to community where he may develop asymptomatic as well as symptomatic COVID-19 infection, which may affect coagulation cascades of the body which might result in increased incidence of thrombosis associated with biprosthetic grafts, mechanical prosthetic valves, etc. Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299139-ze8qtnxe author = Higbee, D. H. title = The impact of asthma on mental health & wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5027 sentences = 314 flesch = 60 summary = Available sample populations thus far have not included longitudinal data (including pre pandemic measures) or detailed clinical history, prior physical or psychological assessment, meaning that conclusions about the effect of COVID-19 on people with asthma have been impossible. without asthma, we examined the expected difference in mental health scores during COVID-19 between participants with asthma and without asthma, after adjusting for pre-existing mental health, gender, age, is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Effect of current asthma on outcomes specific to lockdown adjusted for age, gender, smoking, overweight and pre-existing mental health in G1-Index Children (as shown in Figure 1) Appendix Table E3 . Effect of current asthma on outcomes specific to lockdown adjusted for age, gender, smoking, overweight and pre-existing mental health in G0parents (as shown in Figure 1 ) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author = Riou, Marianne title = Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3626 sentences = 199 flesch = 45 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. Despite a relative poor characterization of the mechanisms of COVID-19, known complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory failure led pulmonologists to prepare for the worst for their patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases (CLD) [2, 3] . cache = ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299093-zp07aqpm author = Harrison, Andrew G. title = Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6389 sentences = 385 flesch = 46 summary = Thus, evasion of IFN signaling by SARS-CoV-2 and impaired IFN production in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f human peripheral blood immune cells might contribute to the productive viral replication, transmission, and severe pathogenesis during COVID-19, although further testing is warranted to fully dissect these putative evasion pathways [95] . For instance, Krt18-hACE2 and betaactin-hACE2-transgenic mice rapidly succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection with lung infiltration of inflammatory immune cells inducing severe pulmonary disease, accompanied by evident thrombosis and anosmia, which partially recapitulate human COVID-19 [114] [115] . Furthermore, upon viral challenge, lymphocytes have expanded in rhesus macaque models around 5 dpi with complementary B-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike appearing 10-15 dpi in blood samples [125] ; expansion of these adaptive immune compartments was analogous to those observed in COVID-19 patients [37, 125, [132] [133] [134] . cache = ./cache/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299308-gza1pwx6 author = Laxminarayan, Ramanan title = Is Gradual and Controlled Approach to Herd Protection a Valid Strategy to Curb the COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1557 sentences = 80 flesch = 52 summary = Most pandemics in the twentieth and twentyfirst centuries have been caused by virusesinfluenza, chikungunya, HIV/AIDS and now the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pediatric patients reportedly acquire COVID-19 either through close contact with infected family members (89%), exposure to endemic areas (33%), or both (22%); with the majority (53%) showing moderate symptoms and no severe or critical cases [2] . We do not endorse the idea of letting the epidemic a free hand in order to create sufficient herd immunity to end the epidemic;as it would entail an enormous burden on the healthcare system -United Kingdom, at first, considered a different approach -of unrestricted spread of disease without any brakes applied, but public health experts were able to convince the government to accept the more reasonable mitigation approach. The proportion of the population that should be exposed to the virus for herd immunity to be effective is calculated as 1-1/Ro. In the absence of serological studies, the true extent of spread of SARS-COV-2 in India is unknown. cache = ./cache/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298936-76xurcof author = Yanguas, Xavier title = Returning to Sport during the Covid-19 pandemic: The sports physicians’ role date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1456 sentences = 64 flesch = 44 summary = Specifically LaLiga, the highest authority, has implemented a mandatory protocol for professional teams in order to minimize the risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 during training, taking into account all the factors that could put the staff and athletes health at risk 11 . 20, 21 These are the main reasons why we think that sports physicians will play a major role in the ''post-lockdown period'', in the management of athletes' health and condition through close monitoring and daily follow-up, symptom control and detection of early signs of complications, and also specifically assessing individual risk factors regarding injuries. Knowing the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 during the return to training and competition will provide interesting information that will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the different protocols that have been followed to lower the risk of infection, and at the same time assess the immunization during the study period and make sure the players resume competition in an optimal physical condition. cache = ./cache/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299350-db8w79g8 author = Gibson, Cody V. title = Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2366 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. RESULTS: An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. This study aimed to investigate individual EMS provider competency and resource accessibility amid COVID-19 in the United States using a self-report survey questionnaire. cache = ./cache/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299237-pdkxqf3h author = Pericàs, Juan M title = Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 857 sentences = 52 flesch = 47 summary = Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID‐19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open‐access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID‐19, among others. All rights reserved Dear Editor, COVID-19 has created the necessity to rapidly generate evidence to enlighten many blind spots encompassing the pandemic, from pathophysiology to management. Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID-19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open-access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID-19, among others. In the context of a rapidly spreading pandemic with dismal consequences, large amounts of observational studies were carried out in a very short period and this evidence was synthetized into reviews providing pathophysiological insight and guidance for diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Scholars and journal editors are called on to make a joint effort to transition to a highquality research-reporting period regarding COVID-19 at the global level. cache = ./cache/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299309-p703e396 author = Tan-Torres Edejer, Tessa title = Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5146 sentences = 233 flesch = 53 summary = title: Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study This study aimed to identify what the additional health-care costs of a strategic preparedness and response plan (SPRP) would be if current transmission levels are maintained in a status quo scenario, or under scenarios where transmission is increased or decreased by 50%. Evidence before this study Since Jan 30, 2020, when WHO labelled the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, countries have tried to limit its spread, instituting measures on physical distancing and restrictions on movement. As of June 26, 2020, the costs of the full, nine-pillar response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middleincome countries after 4 weeks, on July 24, 2020, were projected to be approximately $52 billion, assuming that the Rt was unchanged and the status quo continued. cache = ./cache/cord-299309-p703e396.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299309-p703e396.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299326-uqwkhczx author = Tang, Chong title = Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4279 sentences = 317 flesch = 55 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis In this review, we systematically investigated the epidemiologic, characteristics, chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, laboratory findings, and treatments of COVID-19 in mainland China. For this systematic review and a meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and SSRN electronic databases for papers published or preprinted in English or Chinese from January 1 to March 15, 2020 with the following search terms: "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "Novel Coronavirus" OR "Wuhan pneumonia". The inclusion criteria were as follows: clinical studies of COVID-19; studies performed in mainland China; number of cases ≥ 10; and primary outcomes including signs and symptoms, chest CT imaging, laboratory tests, and treatments were available. Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study cache = ./cache/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299116-1agfnjvq author = Bunders, Madeleine title = Implications of sex differences in immunity for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and design of therapeutic interventions date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6250 sentences = 333 flesch = 45 summary = Emerging knowledge on the basic biological pathways that underlie differences in immune responses between women and men needs to be incorporated into research efforts on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and pathology to identify targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing antiviral immune function and lung airway resilience while reducing pathogenic inflammation in COVID-19. The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic highlights the clinical consequences of these sex differences in antiviral immunity and tissue resilience Scully et al., 2020) , with in particular older men suffering from severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and experiencing higher case mortality rates (Docherty et al., 2020; Grasselli et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2020; Salje et al., 2020) . In the following, we will address the different stages of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, including viral entry and sensing, induction of antiviral immune responses and inflammation, and immune-mediated tissue-repair, in the context of critical differences in immune responses that exist between the sexes and contribute to the male-bias in development of severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299025-9bcploh4 author = Dean, Preston title = The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2410 sentences = 138 flesch = 47 summary = title: The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic STUDY OBJECTIVE: The impact of public health interventions during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic on critical illness in children has not been studied. We seek to determine the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 related public health interventions on emergency healthcare utilization and frequency of critical illness in children. Total patient visits (ED and urgent care), shock trauma suite (STS) volume, and measures of critical illness were compared between the SARS‐CoV‐2 period (December 31, 2019 to May 14, 2020) and the same period for the previous 5 years combined. Moreover, the impact of public health interventions on the timing of changes in critical illness and injury patterns in children has not been studied. The study objective is to describe the impact of public health interventions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on critical illness presenting to the PED. cache = ./cache/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299141-vxvqs5kh author = Ma, Xiao-Peng title = Prevention program for the COVID-19 in a children’s digestive endoscopy center date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2896 sentences = 155 flesch = 45 summary = Based on the above factors and in combination with related policies, regulations and norms [1, 10] , a prevention and control program for the COVID-19 pneumonia in a children's digestive endoscopy center was established to prevent the COVID-19 nosocomial infection and provide guidelines for endoscopists [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] . (5) On the day of examination, the staff should take the temperature of all children and their family members who enter the digestive endoscopy center. (2) The children and their families should provide their personal information truthfully, including any symptoms of fever, fatigue and cough, the result of total white blood cell count and lymphocyte count, the epidemiological history of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and radiographic imaging findings of the lungs. Children excluded from suspected novel coronavirus infection, in convalescence (released from quarantine for negative virus nucleic acid tests 2 or more times), or in full recovery from COVID-19 infection: (1) The indications for digestive endoscopy must be strictly followed; (2) Endoscopy should be performed in an isolated room. cache = ./cache/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299324-0hzlvwfn author = Koeberle, Séverine title = COVID 19 outbreak: organisation of a geriatric assessment and coordination unit. A French example date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3824 sentences = 173 flesch = 40 summary = To organise an ad hoc follow-up channel, including the necessary resources for the different levels of care required, according to the resources of the territorial network, and the creation of a specific COVID geriatric palliative care service. • Organise an ad hoc follow-up channel, including the necessary resources for the different levels of care required, according to the resources of the territorial network, including the creation of a specific COVID geriatric palliative care service. e next day, an e-mail containing an information note specifying the objectives of this geriatric evaluation and coordination unit, as well as the informationgathering guide that had been drawn up, was sent to all the facilities and hospitals caring for vulnerable persons, as well as to the Medical Boards of the four departments of our area, in agreement with the concerned Regional Health Agency. • CFS 5 to 6: Decision-making support concerning the level of care in real time, 24 h a day, integrating the opinion of the resuscitation doctors if requested, depending on the clinical condition, by the geriatric evaluation unit and its health professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299107-0rd2uj4r author = Kadi, Nadjat title = Population density, a factor in the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria: statistic study date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2025 sentences = 110 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: The cluster analysis allowed us to isolate the groups of cities with the highest numbers of COVID-19 infected cases and the highest population densities. 2010 ) and the coefficient of determination to determine the strength and the nature of the relationship between population density and the number of infected cases, through data for 48 cities, then according to geographic regions (coast, highlands, and the south); -We construct a simple linear model (Schneider et al. Until researching the relationship between population density and the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria, we propose to give an idea of the classification of cities by number of cases infected with the virus. We note also through Fig. 4 that is a significant effect at the significance level of 5% of the population density on the increase in infections with COVID-19 because each time the population density increases by 1 individual/km2, there is an increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 estimated at 0.48 for coastal cities. cache = ./cache/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299407-wuug8jjv author = Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R. title = Concerns of Women regarding Pregnancy and Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1985 sentences = 129 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVE: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION: This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 58-item survey included demographics, pandemic-related behaviors [16] , pregnancy, infant and self-care, access to healthcare, mental health, and financial stability [17] Participants reported changes in mental status related to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=94, 82.5%), including increased stress (n=72; 63.2%), increased anxious thoughts (n=57; 50.0%), changes in sleep patterns (n=54; 47.4%), reduced motivation (n=53; 46.5%), increased fearful thoughts (n=46; 40.4%), changes in appetite (n= 46; 40.4%), racing thoughts (n=41; 36.0%), difficulty in focus and concentration (n=42; 36.8%), depressed mood (n=33; 28.9%) and increased tearfulness (n=23; 20.2%). This exploratory study identified behavior changes of perinatal women specifically attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299312-asc120pn author = Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H.A. title = A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the COVID–19 Pandemic Model date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2083 sentences = 133 flesch = 39 summary = Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. Interestingly, we identify that transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables in spreading this disease. Interestingly, we identify that 27 transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported 28 symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables 29 This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected 30 individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more 31 widely on the community. This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected 30 individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more 31 widely on the community. One of the identified key parameters is the transmission rate 515 between asymptomatic infected and reported symptomatic individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299469-lqro7t7a author = Tan, Eng-King title = Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1292 sentences = 66 flesch = 42 summary = title: Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 While the neurological impact of COVID-19 is now well recognized, especially among healthcare workers and vulnerable groups [1, 2] the challenges of restarting clinical and laboratory research, and allowing clinical study coordinators and laboratory staff back on-site are enormous and deserve greater attention ( Table 1 ). However, staff capacity remains an issue specifically where investigators have been deployed to COVID-19 studies while older and more vulnerable researchers are assigned to non-clinical support facilities. Research workflow should incorporate important considerations raised by relevant scientific bodies on the optimal measures for stroke and dementia care or treatment modalities for various neurological conditions during COVID-19, with an emphasis on maintaining smooth care delivery while taking into account safety, ethical and logistic issues [3] [4] [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299159-cxktdaws author = Boelig, Rupsa C. title = MFM Guidance for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 625 sentences = 51 flesch = 51 summary = The goals the guidelines put forth here are two foldfirst to reduce patient risk through healthcare exposure, understanding that asymptomatic health systems/healthcare providers may become the most common vector for transmission, and second to reduce the public health burden of COVID-19 transmission throughout the general population. The goals the guidelines put forth here are two fold-22 first to reduce patient risk through healthcare exposure, understanding that asymptomatic health 23 systems/healthcare providers may become the most common vector for transmission, and second to 24 reduce the public health burden of COVID-19 transmission throughout the general population. Box 25 1 outlines general guidance to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect our obstetric patients. 26 Section 1 outlines suggested modifications of outpatient obstetrical (prenatal) visits. 26 Section 1 outlines suggested modifications of outpatient obstetrical (prenatal) visits. Section 4 reviews suggested visitor policy for 29 obstetric outpatient office. Section 4 reviews suggested visitor policy for 29 obstetric outpatient office. cache = ./cache/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299346-f13xly6q author = Awad, Mohamed E. title = Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4216 sentences = 254 flesch = 42 summary = title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. HCPs in high-risk areas should adhere to infection prevention and control practices, which includes the appropriate use of engineering controls (negative pressure rooms), administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) ( 6 Per CDC recommendations, a clinically suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 patient should wear a cloth face covering, over nose, and mouth and a surgical mask should be reserved for HCP and first responders. It is recommended for an environmental services worker to increase the Flowchart demonstrating the the recommended use of personal protective equipment for different activities at various settings managing suspected/clinically Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299274-gnbp7so5 author = Bodkin, Claire title = Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1643 sentences = 113 flesch = 59 summary = title: Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings We tested 104 residents and 141 staff for COVID-19 who failed daily symptom screening in homeless shelters in Hamilton, Canada. The objective of this report is to describe our experience with shelter facility restructuring, daily symptom screening and rapid testing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 in the homeless shelter setting in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Between March 17 and April 30, 2020, COVID-19 testing was performed on all shelter residents and staff who failed daily screening for potential COVID-19 related symptoms as well as staff and residents identified as close contacts of positive cases. We have thus far been successful in preventing large outbreaks in the shelter setting despite identifying positive cases in both staff and residents. cache = ./cache/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299375-ve4lag21 author = Yang, Yichang title = Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 928 sentences = 55 flesch = 48 summary = On April 14, 2020, a Chinese official announced at a press conference that indications of three patent herbal drugs were approved to be expanded to include COVID-19 symptoms. 2,3 Certain batches of an injectable herbal drug called Xiyanping, which is recommended by the Chinese Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol of COVID-19, 4 have already been recalled after reports of adverse effects. 5 Although these patent herbal drugs have been used clinically for several years, when we apply them to a novel disease like COVID-19, especially in combination with other antivirals, antibiotics, and immune suppressants, the safety should be cautiously evaluated. Driven by the claim that some patent herbal drugs can effectively treat COVID-19, some patients with flu symptoms who fear quarantine measures are likely to selfmedicate with herbal remedies and avoid going to hospital, thus delaying the proper diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and hampering the government's testing, tracing, and quarantining efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299261-ew99nraq author = Cipriano, L. E. title = IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY RE-OPENING ON TOTAL COMMUNITY COVID-19 BURDEN date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9221 sentences = 462 flesch = 46 summary = In a scenario in which students immediately engage in a 24% contact reduction compared to pre-COVID levels, the total number of infections in the community increases by 87% (from 3,900 without the students to 7,299 infections with the students), with 71% of the incremental infections occurring in the general population, causing social and economic restrictions to be re-engaged 3 weeks earlier and an incremental 17 COVID-19 deaths. The timing and magnitude of the city's COVID-19 outbreak, excluding any impacts from students, is determined by the initial number of COVID-19 infections in the community, the level of participation in physical distancing, the responsiveness of the community to increasing critical care cases and COVID-19 deaths, and the proportion of contacts that are protected with mask wearing (Appendix Figures 5-7) . 16 In the base case, we also assume that students are equally responsive as the general population to COVID-19 outcomes in the community reducing their contacts in response to high numbers of critical care hospitalizations and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299277-ana68vpf author = Horn, Sarah R. title = Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1339 sentences = 81 flesch = 44 summary = There are several immunopsychiatry examples in which COVID-19 may be appropriately considered a confounder, including research on inflammation and mortality risk. Like before, we simulated effect sizes leading to and away from COVID-19 as either strong or weak, and set the direct relationship between the predictor and outcome of interest (SES and respiratory distress, respectively) to a moderate effect size. As shown in Figure 2 , models that omit the virus best estimate the total effect of SES on distress (i.e., the total effect). Unless researchers are interested in the effect of all pathways from SES to respiratory distress except COVID-19, they should not include the virus as a covariate in their models, or their estimates will not capture the full pathway (see Figure 3 ). Data were simulated from models in which COVID-19 mediates the causal relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and respiratory distress. cache = ./cache/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299156-1dwsm3ie author = Shemer, Asaf title = Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical and molecular analysis date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 214 flesch = 56 summary = The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and molecular ocular involvement among patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care facility. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was noted in one out of five cases, and was associated with loss of smell and taste. Among patients with COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was associated with loss of smell and loss of taste as part of the clinical presentation (66.7% vs 7.7%, p = 0.018). In this study, we evaluated the ocular signs and symptoms, as well as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab samples among patients with COVID-19 in one tertiary referral center during March and April of 2020. To conclude, among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was present in 19% of cases and was associated with loss of smell and taste as part of the clinical presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299465-c7ki3061 author = Mallow, P. J. title = When Second Best Might be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1672 sentences = 111 flesch = 51 summary = The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14" was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. However, given the sample bias reflected in prioritized testing and asymptomatic transmission, we propose that COVID-19 hospitalizations combined with a capacity measure offer the best approach to measuring trends in COVID-19 infections. However they do not A 7-day moving average was calculated by adding the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients over each seven-day window and dividing by the time period. The number COVID-19 occupied hospital beds is shown from January 7 to May 11, 2020 with the 7-day moving average. The number daily COVID-19 hospitalizations are shown from January 7 to May 11, 2020 with the 7-day moving average. cache = ./cache/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299333-qu0bmov5 author = Reddy, Gireesh B. title = Clinical Characteristics and Multisystem Imaging Findings of COVID-19: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4412 sentences = 235 flesch = 37 summary = Since December 2019, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), a novel betacoronavirus strain responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , rapidly progressed from an isolated cluster of cases in the Hubei province of east central China to a pandemic, with significant global health and economic repercussions [4, 5, 10, 24, 25, 27, 28, 44, 58, 80, 91] . Early reports from Italy and China indicated that although pulmonary diseases including ARDS and diffuse pneumonia comprise the predominant lethal complications of COVID-19, patients have also presented with or developed significant cardiac signs and symptoms [50] . COVID-19 musculoskeletal and neurologic manifestations are being reported with increased frequency, particularly in patients with more severe respiratory disease, indicating coronavirus neurotropism possibly directly related with higher viral loads, which are now detectable in cerebrospinal fluid [20] . cache = ./cache/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299499-66qh3r75 author = Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent title = Reconsidering assumptions of adolescent and young adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4199 sentences = 218 flesch = 42 summary = In this viewpoint, we highlight evidence regarding the increased potential of AYA to transmit SARS-CoV-2 that, to date, has received little attention, discuss adolescent and young adult specific considerations for future COVID-19 control measures, and provide applied programmatic suggestions. Adolescents and young adults (AYA), who are between the ages of 10 and 24 years, account for approximately 20% of the total population in the United States (US), but the extent to which AYA contribute to forward transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not fully understood. In this viewpoint, we highlight evidence regarding the increased potential of AYA to transmit SARS-CoV-2 that, to date, has received little attention, discuss adolescent and young adultspecific considerations for future COVID-19 control measures, and provide applied programmatic suggestions. Adolescent and young adult-specific data Furthermore, behavioral factors unique to AYA may increase the risk of forward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 relative to both younger children and older adults. cache = ./cache/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299495-1z4udo3d author = Rajendram, Rajkumar title = Identifying phenotypes of COVID-19, defining their pathogenesis, and targeting treatments could improve outcomes date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 905 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, defining and targeting treatment to the specific pathologies responsible for the various phenotypes of COVID-19 pneumonia could prevent disease progression and improve outcomes. Radiological phenotype 1 and clinical Type L COVID-19 may be associated with right-to-left (RTL) shunt (Gattinoni et al., 2020a; 2020b; Rajendram et al., 2020; Robba et al., 2020) . So, the anatomical substrate for RTL shunt in patients with COVID-19 could be extrapulmonary (EPS) as well as intra-pulmonary (Rajendram et al., 2020) . Correlating the radiological features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with their blood gases and lung mechanics could revolutionize the approach to management. Such a paradigm shift is urgently required because many patients with COVID-19 do not improve with the standard approach to treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Gattinoni et al., 2020a; 2020b; Rajendram et al., 2020) . Correlation of the radiological features of COVID-19 with clinical phenotypes based on blood gases, lung mechanics and shunt could redefine management. cache = ./cache/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author = Aucejo, Esteban M. title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5275 sentences = 239 flesch = 51 summary = Without COVID-19, lower-income students 15 The cutoff for median parental income in our sample is $80,000 16 Based on analysis of ASU administrative data including transcripts, we find that, relative to their counterparts, first-generation, lower-income, and non-white students drop out at higher rates, take longer to graduate, have lower GPAs at graduation, and are more likely to switch majors when in college (see Appendix Table A3) J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Second, Panel (d) of Figure 1 shows that the switch to online learning was substantially harder for some demographic groups; for example, men are 7 percentage points less likely to opt for an online version of a course as a result of COVID-19, while women do not have a statistically significant change in their online preferences. cache = ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299501-07echrdh author = Ould Setti, M. title = Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3237 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = title: Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data Background Linking phone mobility data to the effective replication number (Rt) could help evaluation of the impact of social distancing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread and estimate the time lag (TL) needed for the effect of movement restrictions to appear. Methods We used a time-series analysis to discover how patterns of five indicators of mobility data relate to changes in Rt of 125 countries distributed over three groups based on Rt-mobility correlation. Whether or not this paradoxical effect is due to biased mobility data or to residential community spread, we confirmed the observation with the results of the mixed models regarding SI and Rt. Undoubtedly, also factors other than social distancing and restriction measures, such as the non-compliance with hygiene measures [26] or the lack of public trust in their government [27] , can affect Rt. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author = Arthi, Vellore title = Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17509 sentences = 810 flesch = 48 summary = In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. cache = ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299544-r3cqvf0c author = de Souza, T. H. title = Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: a Systematic Review date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2582 sentences = 216 flesch = 56 summary = Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were: (1) studied patients younger than 18 years old; (2) presented original data from cases of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; and (3) contained descriptions of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests or radiological examinations. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049833 doi: medRxiv preprint children infected with SARS-CoV-2 may not meet all the criteria required in the suspected case definition. The following data were extracted, when available, from each elected article: first author, publication year, study design, number of cases, gender, age, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological examinations and outcomes (discharged, still hospitalized or death). In our study, we described the main clinical, laboratorial and radiological characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported in the literature. A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299567-tlnvqah3 author = Irfan, M. title = The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4823 sentences = 254 flesch = 62 summary = This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. The sudden change in the mode of teaching due to the potential risk of death caused by COVID-19, isolation, and lockdown have increased the anxiety level and created extreme stress to the general public [4] and students alike [5] The abnormal stress and depression amongst students not only affect their performance but also is associated with heightened self-injury and suicidal attempts [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299882-ee5wathm author = Hsiehchen, David title = Deficiencies in the designs and interventions of COVID-19 clinical trials date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1166 sentences = 65 flesch = 38 summary = [1] [2] [3] [4] Particularly concerning is that the dearth of high-quality medical evidence has contributed to a lack of confidence in existing guidelines on COVID-19 therapies, the off-label use of unproven therapies by patients and clinicians, and predatory behaviors exploiting the lack of strong scientific rationale for many tested interventions. 4, 6 We assessed the strength of preclinical evidence supporting the most popular interventional drugs purported to have direct anti-viral activity by examining all related PubMed entries (Supplementary Figure 1D) . Geographic differences in trial characteristics, the poor alignment between trial numbers and COVID-19 disease burden, and lack of international collaborations suggest that better integration of clinical research efforts is warranted to combat a global public health crisis. PubMed entries associated with the indicated intervention are shown, including publications describing experiments that directly assessed In vitro or in vivo anti-viral activity cache = ./cache/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299845-ql3tvot5 author = Janani, Leila title = COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1139 sentences = 64 flesch = 52 summary = title: COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic This study will provide information on trends of knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adults during COVID-19 epidemic. In December 2019, the new Coronavirus was detected in patients with viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, by the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1) , and it was named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 2020 (2) . The aims of this study are to monitor knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological reactions, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adult population during COVID-19 epidemic. The COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) is designed as a repeated cross sectional survey and will be conducted in 8 consecutive waves in the first week of April 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299650-lhphdjeu author = Whittle, John title = Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1158 sentences = 60 flesch = 45 summary = Longitudinal IC data presented here demonstrate a progressive hypermetabolic phenotype beginning 1 week post-intubation in COVID-19 ICU patients, with significantly greater mREE versus predictive equations or ASPEN-recommended 11-14 kcal/kg ABW for obese subjects used currently to determine energy requirements. Our data support use of standard predictive equations or~20 kcal/kg as a reasonable approximation of mREE in 1st ICU week in COVID-19 patients. These data suggest personalization of nutrition delivery, including IC use [3, 5] , should be considered to provide more accurate assessments of energy expenditure and help guide nutrition delivery in COVID-19 ICU patients. Only the authors and investigators at Duke University participated in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. cache = ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299781-9d5g5xaw author = Hrusak, Ondrej title = Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2377 sentences = 128 flesch = 49 summary = title: Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment. The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 was identified in December, 2019. 11 To evaluate this, we used a flash survey to determine whether there was current evidence that pediatric patients with cancer in SARS-CoV-2 affected areas had been tested for this virus or had developed severe COVID-19 disease. More research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in pediatric patients with cancer or other immunocompromised children. cache = ./cache/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299570-1xz5r95f author = Martínez-García, M title = Telemedicina con telemonitorización en el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 159 flesch = 58 summary = Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 por PCR positiva y considerados de alto riesgo que se siguieron con telemedicina y telemonitorización en el Área Sanitaria de Lugo entre el 17 de marzo y el 17 de abril de 2020. Conclusiones: Nuestros datos sugieren que la telemedicina con telemonitorización domiciliaria, utilizada de forma proactiva, permite un seguimiento clínicamente útil y seguro en pacientes con COVID-19 de alto riesgo. Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way. Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way. Los datos de este estudio sugieren que el seguimiento domiciliario con telemedicina y telemonitorización en pacientes COVID-19 es un sistema bien aceptado, útil y seguro. cache = ./cache/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299656-iyb5r7e2 author = Cioffi, Andrea title = La diminution des décès liés à la COVID-19 et le risque de sous-estimer la pandémie date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 770 sentences = 60 flesch = 63 summary = Rigid public health policies have been favoured by the rapid and exponential increase in infections and deaths COVID-19-related. However, despite the increase in infections, the mortality of COVID-19 is decreasing, especially in countries such as Italy, Germany and the USA. The risk is to encourage a further increase in infections with 2 major public health and bioethical issues. Therefore, in both cases there would be the medico-legal and ethical responsibility of the governments which -without yet knowing the reasons for this reduction in mortality, not having available vaccines or definitive therapies and without knowing the long-term effects of COVID-19 -have decreased the rigidity of preventive public health policies. Therefore, it will be essential to maintain high attention and not underestimate the increases in COVID-19 infections otherwise there is a risk that world governments will become accomplices to damage the health of all citizens. cache = ./cache/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299599-y18iv3zq author = Ojinnaka, Chinedum O. title = Factors Associated with COVID-Related Mortality: the Case of Texas date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3248 sentences = 160 flesch = 44 summary = OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between county-level race/ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality in the state of Texas and determine whether county-level health factors, healthcare access measures, and other demographic characteristics explain this relationship. This paper uses county-level COVID-19 fatality data to (1) explore the relationship between county-level race/ethnic composition and COVID-19 fatality in the state of Texas and (2) determine whether county-level health factors, healthcare access measures, and other demographic characteristics explain this relationship. These findings align with other racial/ ethnic reports on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality that suggest minorities, including African Americans, Hispanics, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander populations bear a disproportionate burden of disease [13] . First, our analysis is at the county-level, using county-level aggregates of health factors (% adults with diabetes, % adults with obesity, % smokers), healthcare access (%uninsured, primary care physician rates), and other county-level demographic characteristics (% racial/ethnic composition American, % rural, % unemployed, high school graduate rate, % unemployed). cache = ./cache/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299869-4yjyqjpe author = Wu, J. title = Systemic corticosteroids show no benefit in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2945 sentences = 175 flesch = 46 summary = Background: Systemic corticosteroids are recommended by some treatment guidelines and used in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, though evidence supporting such use is limited. We performed multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (both inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with the risk of in-hospital mortality among severe and critical cases. For critical COVID-19 patients at admission, results were consistent with former analysis that corticosteroid use did not reduce in-hospital mortality. Two studies of patients with SARS and influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia showed that the use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with reduced mortality in critical patients [6, 8] . 11.20097709 doi: medRxiv preprint harm or benefit for the use of systemic corticosteroids in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Corticosteroid use showed no benefit in reducing in-hospital mortality either in severe or in critical COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299889-x6c3p195 author = Tirkolaee, Erfan Babaee title = Sustainable fuzzy multi-trip location-routing problem for the epidemic outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3029 sentences = 187 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, in this study, a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to formulate the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) for medical waste management in the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) is introduced to address the collection, transportation and disposal processes considering the priorities of services and available budget of the system. Here to address the sustainable development, the objectives are defined to concurrently minimize the total traveling time of waste-collection vehicles, total violation from time windows (service priorities) and the number of people live around disposal sites. (2012) designed a multi-objective framework for routing of HAZMAT between generating nodes and disposal sites with the aim of total transportation cost and risk minimization. Developing an applied algorithm for multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows in urban waste collection: A case study cache = ./cache/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299852-t0mqe7yy author = Janssen, Loes H. C. title = Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8570 sentences = 476 flesch = 51 summary = In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents' negative affect during COVID-19. In addition, we asked parents and adolescents about daily difficulties and helpful activities during the COVID-19 pandemic that possibly influenced their affect in positive and negative ways. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most reported daily difficulties across the 14 days of EMA for parents were (1) missing social contact with friends (14.6%), (2) concerns about the coronavirus in general (13.5%), (3) irritations with family members (12.8%), (4) worrying about health of others (8.3%), and (5) coronavirus-related news items (8.0%). cache = ./cache/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299899-is815pol author = He, Jingjing title = Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): a systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2576 sentences = 191 flesch = 46 summary = The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection among 1152 COVID‐19 children from 11 studies is 27.7% (95% CI: 16.4–42.7%), which is much higher than patients from all aged groups. However, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 could also be asymptomatic, confirmed by positive Nucleic acid testing results during the illness. While a variety of studies on asymptomatic infection have been reported, the proportion of asymptomatic patients in confirmed COVID-19 cases is not well characterized. Original articles reporting asymptomatic infection in confirmed COVID-19 patients were included for meta-analysis. Noticeably, one study from Wuhan showed that 98/1021(9.6%) nucleic acid testing negative patients had lgG positive results, suggesting possible recovery from asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 54 . Characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, China. Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China. Epidemiological and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-299899-is815pol.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299899-is815pol.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299683-nv8kfp7z author = Ghosh, Kapil title = Inter-state transmission potential and vulnerability of COVID-19 in India date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1715 sentences = 103 flesch = 52 summary = To assess the inter-state diversity in spreading potentiality of COVID-19, the exposure, readiness and resilience capability have been studied. In this context, the fact is noteworthy that every state of India is not equally well-equipped with adequate medical infrastructure to provide necessary health care facilities to the COVID-19 patients. This paper aims to highlight the interstate variations in transmission potential of COVID-19 and to assess the exposure, preparedness and resilience capacity in different states in India. State and district wise data regarding the confirmed case of COVID-19 and test records from 30 th January to 31 st May, 2020 have been collected from publicly available portal of covid19india.org. To identify states wise potential for hospital shortages, the COVID 19 confirmed cases and hospital bed ratio has also been calculated. In India, Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients is increasing and during first phase it was 13.16% and in last phase it reaches to about 50% with great inter-state variation. cache = ./cache/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299888-ig0gy5e9 author = Ooi, M.W.X. title = Pulmonary thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 Patients on CT Pulmonary Angiography –Prevalence, pattern of disease and relationship to D-dimer date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1852 sentences = 129 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVES: To define the prevalence of pulmonary thromboembolic (PTE) disease diagnosed on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in COVID-19 patients. To assess distribution of PTE and to evaluate for association between severity of COVID-19 disease, D-dimer values and incidence of PTE. The incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia on intensive care unit (ITU) has been reported as 25% [6] . Studies have also reported increased frequency of pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTE) in COVID-19 patients. We also sought to evaluate association between severity of COVID-19 disease graded on CT, D-dimer values and incidence of PTE. At the end of April, our institution published anticoagulation guidelines suggesting that any patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, high clinical suspicion of PTE and a D-dimer level between 500-3000mcg/mL should receive prophylactic dose LMWH and CTPA. cache = ./cache/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300163-06hbegx1 author = Harris, Jody title = Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5350 sentences = 242 flesch = 53 summary = We aimed to investigate effects of this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense foods. This paper uses novel empirical data to understand disruptions to production, livelihoods and diets in agricultural households in India, to draw lessons from COVID-19and particularly its effects on nutrient-dense perishable food items for making food systems more resilient. We use ordered logit regressions to analyse associations between the intensity of self-reported changes in vegetable livelihoods (quantity sold, prices, income) and diets (change in consumption per food group) due to COVID-19 and major household characteristics (farm size, gender of the farmer, and the number of produced vegetables). While we did not investigate the direct effects of sickness in farming households, the subsequent lockdown policy was perceived by farmers to have affected production (through lack of labour, storage and inputs); sales (through drops in demand and lack of transport); prices and income (with reductions due to lack of demand); and diets (in terms of ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods). cache = ./cache/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299911-v95pf3eg author = El-Ghiaty, Mahmoud A. title = Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: current findings and possible mechanisms date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5319 sentences = 272 flesch = 37 summary = Based on the conclusions drawn from the currently rapidly evolving knowledge about COVID-19, our hypothesis is built on the potential modulation of CYPs activity by the inflammatory environment provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the pathologic involvement of the liver which harbors the majority of the drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Systemic inflammation and immune response represent a substantial element in many acute and chronic diseases which is strongly implicated in altering drug pharmacokinetics through, mainly, modulating the expression and activity of DMEs. As a main contributor to the metabolic biotransformation of most drugs, CYPs are widely involved in such disease-drug interactions [19] . For decades, IL-6 has been recognized as the major inflammatory element that provokes a significant repressive effect on the expression and activity of different CYPs. Human recombinant interleukin 6 (rhIL-6) has shown concentration-dependent blocking of phenobarbital-mediated induction of CYP2B1/2 mRNA and activity in rat hepatocytes [48] . cache = ./cache/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299999-jra1yu6a author = Tattar, R. title = COVID PDPs date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1630 sentences = 94 flesch = 48 summary = However, a structure needs to be developed to account for the disruption in training COVID-19 has caused and facilitate the progression of the trainees without compromising the quality and integrity of the respected specialities. The New England Journal of Medicine case report of the first COVID-19 patient in the USA detected high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in their stool sample. At present, PDPs are not a routine part of the undergraduate curricula 3 and as such, newly qualified dentists will be faced with the new challenge of having to proactively plan their CPD to fulfil outstanding competencies from their current training course. Whilst CPD cycles are five years, the need to complete certain key foundation skills to ensure adequate competence and baseline knowledge to facilitate progression through postgraduate training pathways will result in trainees having to meet such objectives sooner. Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300094-xynwf38q author = Drak Alsibai, Kinan title = Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 83 flesch = 46 summary = title: Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage? Consequently, the pulmonary lesions described on chest computed tomography scan are thought to be the result of the inability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen and the release of oxidative iron from the hemes, which overwhelm the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and may eventually result in bilateral ground-glass-like opacities in COVID-19 patients. It is evident that confirmation of the utility of Golde score using Perls stain or immunocytochemical technique to detect ferric iron as an indicator of pulmonary damage in COVID-19 patients requires validation by a series of cytological examination of BAL, while taking the necessary technical precautions as fresh BAL of COV-ID-19 patients is considered a high-risk infectious fluid for the laboratory team. cache = ./cache/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author = Jaguga, Florence title = Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3474 sentences = 187 flesch = 49 summary = CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. According to the framework, 'preparation and co-ordination' involves developing a mental health response plan, creating COVID-19 specific mental health services and training of healthcare workers on psychological first aid. cache = ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300078-svu06v9c author = Haghani, Milad title = Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCov literature date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6365 sentences = 298 flesch = 52 summary = To compare the scientometric aspects of the studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19, three separate datasets of publications on these three topics were retrieved from Scopus through three separate search strategies. Figures A1 and A2 in the Appendix illustrate the map associated with the SARS literature overlaid respectively with the average year of publication and average number of citations associated with the studies where these keywords have occurred. Maps of term occurrences based on the analysis of the title and abstract of studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19 have also been presented in Figures 7, 8 and 9 respectively. An inspection of the maps overlaid with the average year of publications for SARS and MERS in Figures A1 and A3 in the Appendix suggests that, on average, this cohort of studies are generally the last to emerge in the published domain compared to the two other major clusters, but they receive relatively high citations on average (according to Figures A2, A4 and A6). cache = ./cache/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299932-c079r94n author = He, X. title = Benchmarking Deep Learning Models and Automated Model Design for COVID-19 Detection with Chest CT Scans date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6200 sentences = 380 flesch = 63 summary = Although many recent studies have shown that deep learning based solutions can help detect COVID-19 based on chest CT scans, there lacks a consistent and systematic comparison and evaluation on these techniques. Therefore, many recent studies have tried to use deep learning (DL) methods to assist COVID-19 diagnosis with chest X-rays or CT scan images. In this paper, we use our dataset to benchmark two types of state-of-the-art (SOTA) DL models: 1) 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including DenseNet3D121 [17] , R2Plus1D [18] , MC3 18 [18] , ResNeXt3D101 [17] , Pre-Act ResNet [17] , and ResNet3D series [17] ; 2) 2D CNNs, including DenseNet121 [19] , DenseNet201 [19] , ResNet50 [20] , ResNet101 [20] and ResNeXt101 [21] . Instead, the model trained on scan data with a small number of slices can also achieve comparable or even better results. cache = ./cache/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author = Cantini, Fabrizio title = Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1261 sentences = 81 flesch = 48 summary = According to a recent report 3 , COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by three clinical patterns: no symptoms, mild to moderate disease, severe pneumonia requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in up to 31% of the patients 3 . On this basis, we assessed the safety of baricitinib therapy combined with lopinavir-ritonavir in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia patients and we evaluated its clinical impact. All consecutive hospitalized patients (March 16 th -30 th ) with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, older than 18 years, were treated for 2 weeks with baricitinib tablets 4 mg/day added to ritonavirlopinavir therapy. The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standard of care therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir tablets 250 mg/bid and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day/orally for 2 weeks) admitted before the date of the first baricitinib-treated patient served as controls. These preliminary results on 12 patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed the safety of baricitinib therapy in a clinical context different from RA 7 . cache = ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300039-h7pk9mh8 author = Ho, Jamie S. Y. title = A Call for Vaccine Against COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1015 sentences = 58 flesch = 42 summary = Cardiac injury is also associated with cardiovascular co-morbidities and increases risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality [2] . Overall, it is clear that viral respiratory infections may increase the risk of subsequent MI, and prevention of infection by vaccination may be a useful strategy in reducing acute cardiac events at the population level. A vaccine against this virus may play a role in the routine management of cardiovascular patients to reduce secondary events in this high-risk population similar to the influenza vaccine. Current research and development of vaccines has led to much progress, and with further testing, they may halt the spread of morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19 and its complications on cardiovascular disease and care provision. Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300037-gtfx5cp4 author = Hsiang, Solomon title = The Effect of Large-Scale Anti-Contagion Policies on the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14697 sentences = 761 flesch = 56 summary = Here, we compile new data on 1,659 local, regional, and national anti-contagion policies recently deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, and the United States (US). Our econometric approach accounts for di↵erences in the baseline growth rate of infections across locations due to di↵erences in demographics, socio-economic status, culture, or health systems across localities within a country; it accounts for systemic patterns in growth rates within countries unrelated to policy, such as the e↵ect of the work-week; it is robust to systematic under-surveillance; and it accounts for changes in procedures to diagnose positive cases (see Methods and Appendix Section 2). We estimate that since the beginning of our sample, on average, all anti-contagion policies combined have slowed the average daily growth rate of infections 0.166 per day (±0.015, p < 0.001) in China, 0.276 (±0.066, p < 0.001) in South Korea, 0.158 (±0.071, p < 0.05) in Italy, 0.292 (±0.037, p < 0.001) in Iran, 0.132 (±0.053, p < 0.05) in France and 0.044 (±0.059, p = 0.45) in the US. cache = ./cache/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300325-f3eomugb author = Ferguson, Nadia C. title = Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2473 sentences = 118 flesch = 33 summary = Scientific literature and media outlets constantly highlight the work of nurses and doctors on the frontline, but this article will specifically focus on the role of the clinical pharmacist during the coronavirus pandemic emphasizing the extraordinary work done to ensure safe effective therapy was provided to optimize health outcomes in hospitalized patients (5) (6) (7) (8) . In cases where adequate supply could not be obtained in a timely manner, clinical pharmacists used the established communication channels with their clinical teams to implement preemptive shortage management strategies that avoided therapeutic interruptions, optimized patient care, and mitigated stress for other frontline staff. To ensure rapid system-wide implementation of strategies such as the use of alternative analgosedation for an entire unit, clinical pharmacists established direct email communication chains with the Chair of the Medicine and Critical Care departments, who included these recommendations in their daily briefings to hospitalists and advanced practice practitioners in those areas. cache = ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300032-511zwrnb author = van Steveninck, Alfred L. title = Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1661 sentences = 97 flesch = 43 summary = title: Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring. Recovery of diaphragm contractility was demonstrated within two days of controlled mechanical ventilation when the patient was switched to a pressure support mode. Recovery of diaphragm contractility was demonstrated within two days of controlled mechanical ventilation when the patient was switched to a pressure support mode. An ultrasound examination indicated bilateral diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation and the start of lung protective mechanical ventilation (figures 2 and 3). The very large thickening fraction measured on day six could indicate an additional effort by the patient after a brief switch from pressure control to pressure support ventilation at low values for dynamic respiratory compliance. cache = ./cache/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300013-6m1f4q5r author = Brahier, Thomas title = Lung ultrasonography for risk stratification in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3247 sentences = 220 flesch = 54 summary = This study describes and compares LUS characteristics between patients with different clinical outcomes METHODS: Prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 adults with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in the emergency department (ED) of Lausanne University Hospital. We describe and compare early LUS findings (acquired within 24hours of presentation to the ED) between patient groups based on their outcome at 7 days after inclusion: 1) outpatients, 2) hospitalised and 3) intubated/death. Median normalized LUS score had a good level of discrimination between outpatients and others with area under the ROC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.68-0.92) CONCLUSIONS: Systematic LUS has potential as a reliable, cheap and easy-to-use triage tool for the early risk stratification in COVID-19 patients presenting in EDs Despite the potential of LUS as a cheap, portable and accessible point-of-care triage tool in acute respiratory disease (especially in low resource settings), a multinational consensus recently stated that the lack of studies limited specific recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients (27) . cache = ./cache/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300167-5vxo6wqt author = Mi, Bobin title = Serum Mycoplasma Pneumoniae IgG in COVID-19: A Protective Factor date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 715 sentences = 52 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract Background: A correlation between prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positive) and better clinical response to COVID-19 was elusive. Furthermore, requirement and use of a nasal catheter or oxygen mask was significantly lower in COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity (p=0.029). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mycoplasma IgG positivity is a potential protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report a correlation between prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positivity) and better clinical response to COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20060079 doi: medRxiv preprint p=0.006) than COVID-19 infected patients without mycoplasma lgG. Furthermore, requirement and use of a nasal catheter or oxygen mask was significantly lower in COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity (p=0.029), suggesting a better prognosis. Patients with prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positive) showed stronger resistance and better recovery from the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection than patients without exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300246-fxqseibh author = Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title = Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1404 sentences = 100 flesch = 55 summary = The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. [16] Due to its promising results, chloroquine has been included in guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (sixth edition) published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. In India, The National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299927-ixuvy2g4 author = Frontera, Jennifer title = Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Study Design and Rationale date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4851 sentences = 229 flesch = 30 summary = As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves worldwide, reports of a spectrum of mild to severe neurological syndromes among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, including headache, anosmia, ageusia, seizures, coma, encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and acute cerebrovascular events including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thromboses [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] . [15] reported that 84% (49/58) of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome had neurological symptoms including encephalopathy, agitation and confusion, and corticospinal tract signs. We established the Global Consortium to Study Neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients (GCS-NeuroCOVID) and promptly launched a tiered research program with an early, pragmatic, and nimble design to enable successful implementation during a global pandemic crisis when healthcare systems are stressed. The primary outcome in Tier 1 is the prevalence of new clinical neurological syndromes in SARS-CoV-2 patients including: new onset headache, anosmia/ageusia, clinical seizures/status epilepticus, strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic), meningitis/encephalitis, hypoxic/ischemic injury, acute encephalopathy, coma, myelopathy, neuropathy, and dysautonomia/sympathetic storming. cache = ./cache/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300310-21llzfxz author = Kilham, Henry A title = COVID‐19 apocalypse for children: Predictable, preventable? date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 54 flesch = 69 summary = In his editorial Apocalypse Perhaps, the Editor-in-Chief gives us a fine and balanced analysis of the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary, then, is restricted to considering children and young people, and essentially argues that these age groups can reasonably be predicted to face an apocalypse from the downstream economic effects of the pandemic. First, although, is the joyous fact that it is very rare for children and young people to suffer severe disease and die from COVID-19. How much worse would it be if children died more often than much older people, or if deaths were across all ages? 2 So children and young people, then? Yet the damage to children and young people if we have a prolonged world-wide recession could be far greater, from the known direct consequences of severe poverty (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300132-lbbibqv3 author = Clifford, Christopher T. title = Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2830 sentences = 163 flesch = 58 summary = title: Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data Conclusion: A novel high risk COVID-19 patient population was identified from chief complaint data, which is different from current suggested CDC guidelines, and may help triage systems to better isolate COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: A novel high risk COVID-19 patient population was identified from chief complaint data, which is different from current suggested CDC guidelines, and may help triage systems to better isolate COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between different triage chief complaints and COVID-19 status by retroactively looking at a large set of COVID-19 RT-PCR testing done in the ED. It is important for physicians in the ED to test elderly patients for COVID-19 if they present with atypical chief complaints as described above in order to reduce spread of the disease amongst a vulnerable population and increase quality of care. cache = ./cache/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300297-csacrppf author = Pinggera, Daniel title = The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol: experiences from a state under lockdown date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2625 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = title: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol: experiences from a state under lockdown We aimed to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 quarantine on traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases in Tyrol. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the largest contributor to trauma-related mortality worldwide with considerable economic and social impact, particularly, for affected individuals, their families and socioeconomic systems [1] . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the "COVID-19"-quarantine measures on neurosurgical caseload and injury pattern of TBI patients in the state of Tyrol during 3 weeks, in which the strictest quarantine rules were in place. As our department is the only neurosurgical unit in Tyrol, patients with moderate or severe TBI are transferred to our hospital, which is a level-1 trauma center by default. Regional differences in patient characteristics, case management, and outcomes in traumatic brain injury: experience from the tirilazad trials cache = ./cache/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300303-d4qmtysd author = de Azambuja, Evandro title = ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6968 sentences = 292 flesch = 34 summary = The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease at a pandemic proportion has demanded the prompt development of a reliable, applicable and evidenceinformed mechanism for the priority-setting of health services, to assure the attainment of the highest standards of quality care to all. cache = ./cache/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300240-mie5yxj4 author = Cañizares Fuentes, Ricardo title = Evaluation of COVID-19 Surveillance Strategy in Ecuador date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 83 flesch = 52 summary = OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the relevance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive case detection policy or model implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) of Ecuador and to compare it with the experiences of other countries. RESULTS: The probability of detecting positive cases of COVID-19 in Ecuador was higher than Iceland and South Korea, because the diagnostic tests were aimed at symptomatic patients, without identifying asymptomatic or mild symptomatic, who play an important role in the transmission of the disease. With this in mind, the possibility of occurrence obtained in Ecuador, based on the second principle (selectivity), was compared-thanks to the reports issued periodically by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health on COVID-19 positive cases-with the cases of South Korea and Iceland, based on the first principle (randomness), until April 13, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300046-orlga9qf author = Gomes da Silva, J. title = Health literacy of inland population in the mitigation phase 3.2. of COVID-19's pandemic in Portugal - a descriptive cohort study date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5399 sentences = 273 flesch = 48 summary = Globally, younger individuals, females, graduates and the Non-Risk Group presented higher relative frequencies of the correct answer along COVID-19's Questionnaire. However, three exceptions were observed: the Undergraduate Group and the Risk-Group had a high relative frequency stating that COVID-19 has a cure and in mentioning "Social Isolation" as an important preventive measure to adopt when compared to the Graduate Group and the Non-Risk Group, respectively. Males have higher relative frequency in answering the correct number of SNS24 and in stating that children can get sick and transmit the infection by SARS-CoV-2 when compared to females ( Table 2 -Supplementary information). Nonparametric tests reveal a statistically significant association regarding variable "Age", "Gender" and "Risk Factor", with younger individuals, females and individuals from Risk-Group stating more often the correct answer. Nonparametric tests reveal a statistically significant association regarding variable "Gender" and "Risk Factor", with males and individuals from Non-Risk Group answering the correct number. cache = ./cache/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300396-kea01a27 author = Sharpe, Richard E title = Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3540 sentences = 225 flesch = 46 summary = The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. Private practice radiology groups were especially vulnerable to abrupt financial losses as demand for imaging services greatly declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. After reflecting on their values and priorities, private radiology practices crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. cache = ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300222-kzzx8ni7 author = Mellan, T. A. title = Report 21: Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4483 sentences = 227 flesch = 51 summary = Considering an R 0 of 3 and transmissibility similar to that observed across European [7] and Brazilian [16] settings, the estimated share of the population infected to date remains far short of the 70% herd immunity threshold required to prevent rapid resurgence of the virus if control measures are relaxed. In order to examine the effect of these assumptions on the conclusions described above, we undertook a series of sensitivity analyses (see Appendix) exploring different assumptions surrounding state-level IFR (relating to assumptions about how healthcare quality varies with state income) and the extent of death underreporting. In this report we utilise a semi-mechanistic Bayesian model of COVID-19 transmission, calibrated using data on reported deaths at the state level, to infer the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic in Brazil to date. We adopt the Bayesian semi-mechanistic model from [7] to estimate transmission intensity and attack rates of COVID-19 conditional on the reported number of deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300200-vcclz0bu author = Ahmed, Sibtain title = Trend analysis of lab tests requisitions of COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers at a clinical chemistry reference laboratory-an observational study date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3054 sentences = 142 flesch = 46 summary = On one end, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the delay of non-urgent health services and subsequent decline in the number of patients due to concern of contagion, is expected to lead to a significant drop in the overall routine biochemical test requisitions, while on the other, a rapid surge in the test requests for the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers is projected. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers requisitions including C-RP, PCT, LDH and Ferritin, at a high-volume clinical chemistry laboratory in Pakistan during the peak pandemic months. A team consisting of two clinical chemistry consultants reviewed the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers tests performance data from March to July, 2020 using the integrated laboratory information management system (ILMS). A team consisting of two clinical chemistry consultants reviewed the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers tests performance data from March to July, 2020 using the integrated laboratory information management system (ILMS). cache = ./cache/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300460-jh6h83n9 author = Karnon, Jonathan title = The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1334 sentences = 67 flesch = 48 summary = One policy option that could reduce the longer-term consequences of increased government spending in response to the crisis is a temporary COVID-19 income tax levy. This means increased tax revenue collected during the crisis is unlikely to displace economic activity or reduce population wellbeing and longer-term government revenue. The size of a COVID-19 levy would need to be determined (my preference is that households in the lowest income quintile would be exempted, with a 1% levy applied to the second quintile rising linearly to 4% for highest quintile), but the understanding that employed individuals are contributing to the effort to reduce the effects of an ongoing crisis, relative to their ability to contribute, may further reduce negative externalities. The characteristics of the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-constrained consumption and the negative externalities associated with widespread unemployment and worsening social determinants of health-inform an expectation that temporary income tax levies will increase population wellbeing over the medium term, i.e. the next 5-10 years. cache = ./cache/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300320-07tdrd4w author = Siordia, Juan A. title = Systematic and Statistical Review of Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment Trials date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4829 sentences = 372 flesch = 44 summary = Medications assessed included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Review of literature showed no significant clinical improvement with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, or remdesivir. Medical therapies investigated included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, heparin, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, and convalescent plasma. Key words included COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, randomized, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 controlled, human, retrospective, prospective, trial, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, arbidol, umifenovir, tocilizumab, favipiravir, steroids, dexamethasone, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, remdesivir, azithromycin, heparin, and low-molecular weight heparin. Lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, remdesivir, and heparin are medications that have been tested in human controlled trials for COVID-19 treatment. In human trials, arbidol shows no significant positive-negative conversion rate or recovery time compared to standard therapy or lopinavir/ritonavir [4, 9] . Combining T, treatment group (remdesivir); C, control group all the hydroxychloroquine human trials showed no benefit with reducing COVID-19 viral shedding time. cache = ./cache/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author = Inchausti, Felix title = Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5192 sentences = 242 flesch = 40 summary = The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300474-r5gms09p author = Mackey, Katherine title = Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 595 sentences = 41 flesch = 48 summary = title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults Results of 3 new meta-analysis (2-4) evaluating the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) use with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness severity are consistent with the findings that we reported in the original manuscript. Overall, inclusion of these 3 new meta-analyses and 5 new observational studies does not change the certainty of evidence rating we reported in the original manuscript for key question 2-high-certainty evidence that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author = Ahmed, Taha title = Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3444 sentences = 214 flesch = 50 summary = Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is a delay and decrease in presentations and timely interventions for medical emergencies like STEMI during the current era of COVID-19 crisis. ► Several community and healthcare-system-related factors delay and decrease the presentation and intervention for time-dependent non-communicable diseases such as STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of COVID-19 crisis. Delayed Presentation of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Heart Failure in the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic -Case Report Complication of late presenting STEMI due to avoidance of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300399-21xozruq author = Jayamohan, Harikrishnan title = SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13003 sentences = 770 flesch = 44 summary = This review paper examines current molecular diagnostic tools (Fig. 1) , such as amplification-based (including CRISPR-Cas based), antibody and antigen tests, and sequencing, utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we also discuss sample preparation aspects that are relevant to wider utilization and point-of-care (POC) deployment of COVID-19 diagnostic tests (PCR, isothermal amplification, and sequencing-including library preparation). RT-PCR broadly involves four steps-lysis of SARS-CoV-2 in the sample, purification of the viral RNA, reverse transcription to complementary DNA (cDNA), and amplification of specific regions of the cDNA, and finally, optical detection of the amplified cDNA. The assay can detect the virus from respiratory swab samples with sensitivity comparable to that of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay in 30-40 min. Evaluation of novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples cache = ./cache/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300360-h6gr91eg author = Górski, Andrzej title = Phages in the fight against COVID-19? date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2932 sentences = 158 flesch = 41 summary = This hypothesis has been fully confirmed by recent studies that have revealed that phages present in the human body may penetrate epithelial cell layers from gut, lung and other organs without causing any harmful effects. In the absence of bacterial infection, the Escherichia coli phage 536 PI promotes an increase in the production of IFN-α and IL-12 in the lungs (but not in the blood), allowing for the presence of an antiviral signature in the lungs of healthy uninfected mice (this effect was phage specific and mediated by 536 P1 and not LM33 P1 phages) [37] . The data presented in this Commentary are often preliminary but suggest that further studies focused on the potential of phage therapy as at least an adjunct treatment of COVID-19 are warranted. The in vitro studies on bacteriophage influence on the ability of human viruses to infect epithelial cells. cache = ./cache/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300236-mon1loph author = Williams, Bryan title = Hypertension, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1239 sentences = 50 flesch = 35 summary = Two factors have contributed to this: first, the observation that hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities associated with severe cases of COVID-19 in patients who have been admitted to hospital and their risk of death; 1 and second, that like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via specific binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is ubiquitously expressed in the lung and other tissues. Thus, an interesting and potentially clinically important finding in the study by de Abajo and colleagues is that the use of RAAS inhibitors compared with other antihypertensive drugs almost halved the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who had diabetes (adjusted OR 0·53, 95% CI 0·34-0·80). Nor does evidence exist to suggest that, once infected, the risk of admission to hospital due to COVID-19, progression to more severe complications, or death is increased with RAAS inhibitor use compared with treatment with other antihypertensive drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300192-fgueg4mo author = Richardson, David P. title = Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5743 sentences = 232 flesch = 38 summary = Recent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Many of the risk factors identified so far that are related to viral infections and deaths from COVID-19 have underlying associations with nutritional status and specific essential nutrients that are known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Furthermore, consumption of excessive quantities of some micronutrients can have adverse metabolic and health effects, and total intakes of each nutrient from all food and food supplement sources must take into account the tolerable upper safe level set by expert scientific committees such as European Food Safety Authority (78) , the Food and Nutrition Board/Institute of Medicine in the USA (31, 47, 79) and the UK Expert Vitamin and Mineral Group (80) . cache = ./cache/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300300-jqi4ylrx author = Lin, Ray Junhao title = From SARS to COVID‐19: the Singapore journey date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2611 sentences = 159 flesch = 50 summary = The 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak challenged the nation's public health system and now the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is presenting a greater challenge. This framework serves as the foundation for the national responses to any outbreak and is divided into four levels of incremental severity (green, yellow, orange and red), based on risk assessment of the public health impact of the disease and the current disease situation in Singapore (Box 1). Workers who tested positive were transferred to community isolation facilities if they had mild symptoms, or to the NCID and public hospitals for further treatment and isolation. Health care workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients who developed fever or symptoms of acute respiratory infection were encouraged to declare their symptoms to their superiors and present themselves to the screening centre, to be managed based on their exposure risk (Box 4). cache = ./cache/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300471-osbp6eau author = Naruse, Keiko title = Does glycemic control rescue type 2 diabetic patients from COVID‐19‐related deaths? date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 609 sentences = 34 flesch = 44 summary = They found higher risks of increased severity of pneumonia and mortality with increased inflammatory responses including higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and coagulation index, D-dimer, than in COVID-19 patients without other comorbidities, including diabetes (n=26) ( Next the authors divided type 2 diabetes group into two further group; well-controlled blood glucose (BG) group (median BG 6.4 mM, glycemic variability ranged from 3.9 to 10.0 mM) and poorly-controlled BG group (median BG 10.9 mM, lowest blood glucose; above or equal 3.9 mM and the highest 2h postprandial glucose; exceed 10.0 mM). They found that the necessity of medical interventions and the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19 was increased by the poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Poorly-controlled BG-related vascular endothelial dysfunction might be involved in the increased mortality of diabetic patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300490-aslvqymx author = Rahman, Md. Estiar title = Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4105 sentences = 205 flesch = 46 summary = title: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey This study aimed to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi people. Regression analyses revealed that young age, being a student, from a middle-class family, or upper-class family, living with nuclear family, urban living, and suffering from no chronic diseases were all associated with physical inactivity and high sedentary behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic coinciding with lockdown measures a sizeable proportion of Bangladeshi people were physically inactive and reported sedentary behaviors ≥8 h/day. We adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach to assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Bangladeshi citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. For sedentary behaviors, the only significant associations retained in the model included gender, education level, self-reported physical health, and physical inactivity (Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300369-q66xifmu author = Oyeniran, Oluwatosin I. title = Lutte contre la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus (Covid-19): tirer les leçons de la réponse à la maladie du virus Ebola date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1742 sentences = 107 flesch = 57 summary = In response to this global pandemic, this article summarizes proven strategies that could be employed to combat the COVID-19 disease outbreak, taking a cue from lessons learned from the Ebola virus disease response. With the experience from the Ebola response, lessons from it could be valuable in combating the current coronavirus disease outbreak which is spreading rapidly globally. Intensive training of healthcare workers at primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities as was the case during the Ebola outbreak could be a very useful means of curtailing the spread of COVID-19 [8, 9, 11, 12] . The community-based strategy of social mobilization and community engagement was highly effective in case detection of the Ebola virus, thereby reducing the extent of transmission in a country with a weak health system [25] . Modeling the role of public health education in Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Sudan The role of the polio program infrastructure in response to Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria cache = ./cache/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300338-duhyb754 author = Urashima, Mitsuyoshi title = BCG Vaccination and Mortality of COVID-19 across 173 Countries: An Ecological Study date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5672 sentences = 250 flesch = 44 summary = We therefore aimed to explore whether recent BCG vaccine coverage is associated with COVID-19 morbidity and/or mortality rates, using linear regression models to explore associations between the two continuous random variables adjusted for a variety of potential confounders, such as median age and body mass index (BMI) in individual countries through this ecological study. As a result, '≥60 years of age' (p < 0.001) and 'BCG vaccine coverage' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests. As a result, '≥60 years of age' (p < 0.001) and 'BCG vaccine coverage' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests. cache = ./cache/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300324-95fty9yi author = Ni Lochlainn, M. title = Key predictors of attending hospital with COVID19: An association study from the COVID Symptom Tracker App in 2,618,948 individuals date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4271 sentences = 247 flesch = 51 summary = Conclusions: Being older, obese, diabetic or suffering from pre-existing lung, heart or renal disease placed participants at increased risk of visiting hospital with COVID-19. Visit to hospital as outcome were fit to test for association between i) self-reported obesity and ii) chronic lung disease and asthma, heart disease, diabetes and kidney disease in the following groups: 1) self-reported COVID-19 infection with classical symptoms (SR-COVID19); 2) self-reported positive COVID-19 test results (T-COVID19); 3) imputed/predicted COVID-19 infection based on symptomatology (I-COVID19) Imputation for testing positive for COVID was performed using the data at day of maximum sum of symptoms and applying a logistic regression using coefficients defined previously (2) . In this study we found that age, obesity, diabetes and pre-existing lung, renal and cardiac disease, were risk factors for a hospital visit with COVID-19 amongst a large but relatively young, community-based population of app users. cache = ./cache/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300517-41pr3dwa author = Zhang, Dan title = The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4771 sentences = 220 flesch = 32 summary = As recommended in the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Revised 7th version) which was officially released by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, TCM could exert favorable effects for patients with different syndromes and distinct stages of COVID-19, contributing to infections in the periods of both medical observation and clinical treatment [23] . In addition, prevenient Chinese research pointed out its clinical J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f advantages that were related to improve respiratory symptoms, inhibit concurrent bacterial infection, and regulate immune function, superior clinical safety, especially certain hepatoprotective effects, suggesting it might have potentials to relieve some drug-induced liver injury during the treatment of COVID-19 for serious cases [60] . cache = ./cache/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300466-sk9iilum author = Kong, Wen-Hua title = Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2461 sentences = 135 flesch = 52 summary = According to the Chinese Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) report, among 72,314 COVID-19 cases in China's mainland most of cases (81%) presented only mild illness or moderate pneumonia, yet 14% developed severe symptoms such as dyspnea, high respiratory frequency and low blood oxygen saturation, and another 5% were in critical conditions like respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction/failure (Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response and Chinese CDC, 2020; Wu and McGoogan 2020) . In this study, we, compared the results of serologic tests and nucleic acid test (NAT) from a group of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, and analyzed the serologic IgM and IgG antibody level of patients with different disease severity. In summary, this study supported the combination of serologic testing and NAT in routine COVID-19 diagnosis and provided evidence on the temporal profile of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with different disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300508-po2zolo8 author = Inoue, Gen title = Experience of an Orthopaedic Surgery Department Early During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan Including Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Results for SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3942 sentences = 182 flesch = 49 summary = With the need to develop an approach to manage orthopaedic surgeries, we aimed to evaluate the most current data on all the surgical cases in our department including the results of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We also examined the results of PT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, which was principally performed for all the surgical candidates in our department beginning May 13, and investigated their laboratory test results before surgery, their clinical signs and symptoms, which were reported to be related with COVID-19. evaluated 66 orthopaedic healthcare workers exposed to one patient who became positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection one week after admission, and reported that the RT-PCR assays were negative for all 66 healthcare workers, although 14 (21%) manifested clinical signs/symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, including cough (6.1%), sore throat (4.5%), nasal congestion (4.5%), dyspnoea (3.0%), fever (1.5%), headache, and myalgias (1.5%) [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300378-m7p3d3k1 author = Tiirinki, Hanna title = COVID-19 pandemic in Finland – preliminary analysis on health system response and economic consequences date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7870 sentences = 453 flesch = 53 summary = This paper provides an overview of Finland's healthcare system, COVID-19 trends, policy interventions, health response data and the economic and financial impact of the pandemic. When COVID-19 was listed as a generally hazardous communicable disease by the Government Decree in February, the authorities were given special powers as included in the Communicable Diseases Act. Under the Emergency Powers Act municipalities and hospital districts could also deviate from the time limits for non-urgent healthcare, except for the assessment of the need for care. (1) In mid-August 2020, after new increase in the COVID-19 incidence, THL released a firmer recommendation on the use of face mask in public transport as well as in cases with suspicion on the infection, such returning to Finland from high incidence country. The approach has come to a test in early August 2020 when, after the lifting of the restrictions, the reported numbers of diagnosed COVID-19 infections have started to increase indicating the possible start of the second wave of pandemic in Finland. cache = ./cache/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300559-vuuxthx2 author = Deng, Ming title = Obesity as a Potential Predictor of Disease Severity in Young COVID‐19 Patients: A Retrospective Study date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4164 sentences = 251 flesch = 53 summary = Logistic regression analysis showed that male, high body mass index (especially obesity), elevated fasting blood glucose and urinary protein positive are all risk factors for severe young COVID‐19 patients. The analysis showed that a high body mass index (especially obesity), an elevated FBG level, an elevated LDH level, and urinary protein positivity were all risk factors for severe COVID-19 in these young patients. A recently published study from China also showed that in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease patients, obesity can increase the risk for severe COVID-19 by about 6-fold [22] . Notably, in the present study, all of the severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients were males, an observation which may also be related to the distribution of obesity in China. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease cache = ./cache/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300619-uu3e4pjw author = Tan, Wanqiu title = Is Returning to Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic Stressful? A Study on Immediate Mental Health Status and Psychoneuroimmunity Prevention Measures of Chinese Workforce date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4804 sentences = 221 flesch = 44 summary = Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p<0.05). The objective of this study was to identify demographic and psychoneuroimmunity preventive measures that determined the mental health of the members of the workforce who returned to work when the risk for contracting COVID-19 remains unknown. There were no significant differences between workers/technical staff and managers/executives in the mean score and severity of PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia (p > 0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300550-l28tadhn author = Luers, Jan C title = Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1755 sentences = 129 flesch = 65 summary = In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics. First of all, patients were asked for the onset of fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, muscle aches, headache, diarrhea, reduced olfaction, and a reduced sense of taste during COVID-19. To investigate factors related to reduced olfaction as well as to a reduced sense of taste two general linear models were used with explanatory variables of age, gender, TNSS, fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, and headache, respectively. In addition, fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, headache, and TNSS were also not associated with reduced olfaction or reduced sense of taste (p ≥ 0.05, respectively). Our study shows for the first time that both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is very common in COVID-19 patients, with olfactory dysfunction even leveling the symptom 'cough' at > 70%. cache = ./cache/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300541-5wea9w32 author = Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa title = Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3891 sentences = 217 flesch = 50 summary = In this context, ILO (2020) and Hallegatte and Hammer (2020) mentioned that the SPP are executed new social protection schemes to support the poor and vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2020c) highlighted that over the world, around 195 countries implemented various SPP such as safety net, finance, social insurance, and labor market to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. To access to the primary literature related to SPP executed in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, search terms (social protection, social protection programs, COVID-19 pandemic, social assistance, pandemic crises, social insurance, cash & inkind transfers, vulnerable groups, mitigation, pandemic crisis, COVID-19 breakout/coping strategy, crisis management, middle and high-income countries) have been used through WOS, Google scholar, ILO, World Bank, and WHO web sites. These programs include employment protection measures, cash and in-kind transfers, social insurance to the poor, vulnerable groups, firms, and companies to enhance their resilience to cope with the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300777-6u6nqv2f author = Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T. title = A call to protect patients, correctional staff and healthcare professionals in jails and prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1375 sentences = 79 flesch = 48 summary = This editorial describes why surge planning in the community must account for potential infection outbreaks in jails and prisons, and why incarcerated people and those in contact with them, including over 450,000 correctional officers and thousands of healthcare staff working in prisons, are at significant risk of COVID-19 exposure. We then explain how our nation's jails and prisons will continue to serve as breeding grounds for devastating COVID-19 outcomes and offer specific guidance and a call to action for the immediate development of correctional healthcare strategies designed to protect the health and safety of patients and correctional and healthcare staff and the communities in which they are situated. We have witnessed the beginnings of such devastation in prison and jail facilities across the U.S. One recent example is Marion County Correctional Institution which has reported that approximately three-quarters of its total incarcerated population (more than 2000 individuals) has tested positive for COVID-19 (Chappell & Pfleger, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300439-d86p43u1 author = Bello, Ajide Kazeem title = Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2216 sentences = 160 flesch = 57 summary = The study established the key following findings: First, retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, and workplaces are statistically significant and negatively signed as relevant predictors of the virus. On the Nigerian front, studies have concentrated on the resurgence of Lassa fever amidst COVID-19 outbreak (Reuben et al., 2020) , Almajiris displacement (Akintunde 2020), comparative analysis of models and estimators (Ayinde et al., 2020) , hunger prevalence (Kalu, 2020) , online forecasting (Abdulmajeed et al., 2020) , impact on transportation (Mogaji 2020) , and economic crisis (Ozili, 2020) . This study employs a negative binomial regression to unravel the impact of lockdown on COVID-19 cases in Nigeria for at least two reasons; first, the dependent variable used is a count data that only covers discrete and nonnegative values. Table 4 presents the results of the negative binomial regression estimations of the lockdown effects on Covid-19 for Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300712-gc8770l9 author = Ruch, Yvon title = Rapid Radiological Worsening and Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 771 sentences = 60 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND: In June 2020, a large randomised controlled clinical trial in the UK found that dexamethasone was effective in reducing the number of deaths in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a patient with rapid worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia and its dramatic improvement under corticosteroids. COVID-19, coronavirus, cytokine storm syndrome, computed tomography, corticosteroids CASE DESCRIPTION In March 2020, a 48-year-old man with a history of diabetes and former smoking presented with a 5-day history of fever and abdominal pain. Our patient experienced rapid worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia after 2 weeks of evolution, with a dramatic increase in thoracic CT lesions within hours. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Low-cost dexamethasone reduces death by up to one third in hospitalised patients with severe respiratory complications of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300445-qzu4gz2d author = Zhang, Xiao-lei title = Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7247 sentences = 376 flesch = 37 summary = Chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria and autoimmune diseases for decades, were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with high potency in vitro and have shown clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients. However, chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used for decades in the treatment and prevention of malaria and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, were discovered to have a high inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro [2] [3] [4] [5] and favorable clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] , and they have emerged as important therapies for COVID-19 in several countries, including China, France, USA, and India, although the mechanisms of their anti-COVID-19 effects remain unclear. cache = ./cache/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300817-cxc00k0d author = Saha, Jay title = Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3250 sentences = 148 flesch = 52 summary = title: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() To find out the risk factor zones associated with Coronavirus disease among under-five children using pre-existing morbidity conditions and indoor air pollution (IAP) environmental factors and also with current fatality and recovery rate of COVID-19 disease in India. So, compared to the other previous studies in India, this type of study is yet not done, considering this huge research gap and novelty, this study also aims to find out the risk factors associated with the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among under-five children using pre-existing morbidity conditions and indoor air pollution environmental factors which are solid biomass cooking fuel and indoor smoking cigarettes and also with current case fatality ratio (CFR) and recovery rate (RR) of the COVID-19 disease in the high focusing states and union territories of India which are in a risk zone. cache = ./cache/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300621-0e35o0rk author = Engelman, Daniel T. title = Commentary: Rethinking Surgical Protocols in the Covid-19 Era date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 318 sentences = 23 flesch = 36 summary = Central Message: In the current era of the SARS-CoV-2 (a.k.a. Covid-19) pandemic, routine preoperative nasal swabbing for identification of Staph carriers in our patient population should be reconsidered. In this issue of the Journal, Mayeur and colleagues 2 suggest that the routine practice of nasal screening for Staphyloccus aureus before surgery may compromise healthcare professional safety during the swabbing and testing process. Logic dictates that until a more critical assessment is made of the risk posed by this practice, routine preoperative nasal swabbing for identification of Staph carriers in our patient population should be reconsidered. The risk of bacterial resistance with routine, rather than selective, nasal decontamination is far outweighed by the advantage of avoiding any additional Covid-19 infection risk in our healthcare workers. Does nasal screening for Staphyloccus aureus before surgery compromise healthcare professional safety in COVID-19 era? Effect of a preoperative decontamination protocol on surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery with hardware implantation cache = ./cache/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300811-l4y7df2f author = Aggarwal, Gaurav title = Association of Cardiovascular Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2537 sentences = 147 flesch = 46 summary = We conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies that reported the association of CVD with worse prognosis and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Inclusion criteria were observational case-control or cohort studies on COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD included, which reported outcomes of COVID-19 infection severity, clearly outlined the definition of "severe disease" and with sample size >10. To this end, we carried out a pooled analysis of current studies and evaluate the association between underlying or previous history of CVD conditions and outcomes of infection severity in COVID-19 patients. Pooled analysis of these studies did not find a significant association between previous history of CVD and mortality in severe COVID-19 disease (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 0.97-3.06, I 2 =0%, Cochran's Q=1.56, p=0.46). A total of 3 (n= 566) studies reported data on mortality in all hospitalized patients COVID-19 disease and pre-existing history of CVD. cache = ./cache/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300640-9pvhaz8q author = Parackova, Zuzana title = Disharmonic Inflammatory Signatures in COVID-19: Augmented Neutrophils’ but Impaired Monocytes’ and Dendritic Cells’ Responsiveness date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5975 sentences = 344 flesch = 47 summary = We demonstrate the impaired functionality of COVID-19 dendritic cells and monocytes, particularly their low expression of maturation markers, increased PD-L1 levels, and their inability to upregulate phenotype upon stimulation. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a rapid increase in surface degranulation markers CD11b and CD66b, and decrease in CD62L, a lectin involved in granulocyte trafficking, on both patient and healthy donor neutrophils ( Figure 1C and Figure S1C ). Only the COVID-19, but not the healthy neutrophils, were able to increase the production of IL-1β and TNFα upon ssRNA stimulation in comparison with untreated cells ( Figure 2B ) indicating a pro-inflammatory bias, possibly due to priming with SARS-CoV-2 or excessive cytokine/chemokine stimulation. In contrast to monocytes and DCs, COVID-19 neutrophils expressed significantly decreased levels of PD-L1 and their stimulation with ssRNA led to elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines. cache = ./cache/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300651-4didq6dk author = Sun, Ya-Jun title = Clinical Features of Fatalities in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1791 sentences = 115 flesch = 53 summary = METHODS: We conducted an Internet-based retrospective cohort study through retrieving the clinical information of 100 COVID-19 deaths from nonduplicating incidental reports in Chinese provincial and other governmental websites between January 23 and March 10, 2020. I n December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China that were later recognized as a novel coronavirus infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The reported clinical characteristics included the patient's age, sex, initial onset symptoms, pre-existing chronic diseases, direct cause of death, date of admission, date of diagnosis, and date of death. Among the 100 COVID-19 fatalities, 16 cases were missing data on direct cause of death. In this Internet-based data intelligence study, we observed that the majority of COVID-19 deaths were elderly (approximately 8 of 10) and males (6 of 10), and most fatalities (3 of 4) occurred in patients with chronic illnesses. cache = ./cache/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300551-o1da3zds author = Watson, James A title = Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9915 sentences = 497 flesch = 47 summary = Using the blood concentration measurements taken from self-poisoning patients managed by experienced intensivists in the French National referral centre allowed development of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to estimate the relationship between chloroquine dosing and a fatal outcome. Predicting mortality in self-poisoning from peak chloroquine concentrations We pooled individual patient whole blood chloroquine + desethylchloroquine concentrations and outcomes from three large prospectively studied hospital self-poisoning cohorts (n = 302, Figure 2 , top panel) (Riou et al., 1988; Clemessy et al., 1995; Clemessy et al., 1996; Mégarbane et al., 2010) . Large single doses (as in self-poisoning) are very dangerous because they result in high blood concentrations as the drugs distribute out from a central 'compartment' that is hundreds of times smaller than the total apparent V d (compartmental modeling of chloroquine pharmacokinetics provides only an approximation of the distribution processes). cache = ./cache/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300689-dz6lybgi author = Jarman, Molly P. title = The Surgical Health Services Research Agenda for the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2440 sentences = 113 flesch = 31 summary = Surgery programs are a source of surge capacity during the COVID-19 response, both in terms of inpatient bed capacity and clinical personnel, with many surgeons redeployed to focus on critical care or staffing COVID-19 procedure teams. COVID-19 and the resulting pandemic response broadly impact short-and long-term health outcomes for surgical patients. Payment and Delivery System What is the direct financial impact of delaying elective surgical care to hospitals, and outcomes including hospital closures, personnel layoffs, and decreased access to care for patients? Does postponement of emergency general surgery or use of nonoperative interventions to manage emergency general surgical conditions during the pandemic adversely impact outcomes for non-COVID patients, compared to emergency general surgery after prepandemic standards of care? COVID-19 will profoundly affect the US surgical system, including changes to healthcare infrastructure, payment systems, safety standards, clinical training, and population health. cache = ./cache/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300805-apli48ih author = Augoustides, John G. title = The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection – current considerations during the pandemic date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1466 sentences = 104 flesch = 42 summary = [1] [2] [3] The pharmacologic modulation of this system with agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) has resulted in major clinical benefits in the medical management of hypertension and heart failure. [4] [5] The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infects human cells such as alveolar endothelium in the lung by binding to the membrane receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given that these RAAS inhibitors are common therapies for hypertension and that they may up-regulate the expression of ACE2, the clinical concern has been formulated that therapy with these agents may increase the risk and severity of coronavirus infection. Further trials will likely focus on the current evidence gaps related to this question in severe COVID-19 including mechanisms, the prevalence of RAAS inhibitors, and careful correlation of this prevalence with clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300776-owrrwd08 author = Safavi, Farinaz title = B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with Multiple Sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3355 sentences = 158 flesch = 48 summary = To determine if any variable was independently associated with the COVID-19suspect status, we fit a multivariable Poisson regression model with robust error variance with the COVID-19-suspect status as the dependent variable and the following variables as predictors: age, sex, MS type, disease duration, PDDS category, the level of compliance with "stay at home recommendations," report of recent contact with a person with respiratory symptoms, report of a recent contact a patient with COVID-19 diagnosis, and DMT category (categorized as B-cell depleting antibodies, immune-cell trafficking inhibitors, other DMTs, and no DMT). In the multivariable Poisson regression model, MS disease duration, the DMT category, and the report of contact with a person with respiratory symptoms were all independently associated with the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300608-eju7wnb9 author = Sheervalilou, Roghayeh title = COVID‐19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019‐nCoV disease date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7391 sentences = 384 flesch = 47 summary = 2.1 | Respiratory system SARS-CoV-2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID-19 Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020) . A number of investigations recently conducted on COVID-19 have reported that IL-6 levels was actually higher in the patients with severe disease (Cai, 2020; Chen, Liu, et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020) . Impaired liver function tests have been reported for a number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting hepatic damage as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 in almost one half of the patients (Chen, Zhou, et al., 2020; Wang, Hu, et al., 2020) . Since H7N9 and SARS-CoV-2 can result in similar complications, for example, ARDS and respiratory failure, MSC-based therapy might lead to a new path in treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300889-3tzg6few author = Yasri, S title = Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 275 sentences = 35 flesch = 56 summary = key: cord-300889-3tzg6few authors: Yasri, S; Wiwanitkit, V title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery cord_uid: 3tzg6few Please cite this article in press as: Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V. We found that the publication on "Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and "suppressing" the pandemic" is very interesting. 1 Al-Muharraqi noted that "The aforementioned recommendations may be expensive, but they can mitigate the risks to patients, staff, and public. 2 The concept to apply preoperative testing for COVID-19 is interesting. Regardless of preoperative testing for COVID-19, universal precautions for all patients are necessary. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously cache = ./cache/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300763-3ateeei3 author = Vannabouathong, Christopher title = Novel Coronavirus COVID-19: Current Evidence and Evolving Strategies date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6137 sentences = 308 flesch = 52 summary = The term PHEIC is defined as 27 : "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease; and to potentially require a coordinated international response." Also, according to the WHO 28 , "This definition implies a situation that is serious, unusual, or unexpected; carries implications for public health beyond the affected state's national border; and may require immediate international action." Eleven days later, on February 10, 2020, there were, cumulatively, 40,554 confirmed cases and 910 deaths globally across 25 countries, and the majority were identified in the People's Republic of China 29 . In a cross-sectional analysis that included 1,023 COVID-19-related deaths in the People's Republic of China, the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team 43 found that >80% were patients ‡60 years of age; when extending this range to those who were ‡50 years of age, this number increased to >90% 44 . cache = ./cache/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300729-35meen0h author = Miller, Aaron title = Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study date = 2020-03-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2744 sentences = 139 flesch = 50 summary = Most of the countries with low-income levels (17/18) reported zero deaths attributed to COVID-19 and have universal BCG policies in place consistent with a protective role of BCG vaccination. In contrast, middle high and high income countries that never had a universal BCG policy (5 countries) had a larger mortality rate, with 16.39 ± 7.33 deaths per million people. We wondered if countries that established a universal BCG policy earlier would have a reduced mortality rate, as older people that are more severely affected by COVID-19 would be protected. Consistent with a role of BCG in slowing spread of COVID-19, middle high and high income countries that never had a universal BCG policy (5 countries) had about 4 times the number of cases per million inhabitants, with 264.90± 134.88. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 : Higher number of COVID-19 cases were presented in countries that never implemented a universal BCG vaccination policy. cache = ./cache/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300802-2y2oxss4 author = Kim, Judith title = Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes for Patients Admitted with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in New York City date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 848 sentences = 49 flesch = 43 summary = This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes for patients admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding at two affiliated hospitals in New York City, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic 2 . This was a retrospective cohort study of all adults ≥18 years of age admitted with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding from February 1, 2020 to April 24, 2020 at two hospitals in Northern Manhattan affiliated within a single healthcare system (Columbia University Irving Medical Center). This study aimed to characterize the impact of massive reorganization to hospital operations during the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes for patients admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding at two hospitals in New York City. Patients admitted during the pandemic, even those without COVID-19, had more concerning laboratory findings on admission, were less likely to undergo inpatient endoscopy, more likely to be transfused, and had increased hospital length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300742-hsfh4hw9 author = Ghoreishi, Abdoreza title = Stroke care trends during COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: statistical analysis plan and preliminary results date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3959 sentences = 202 flesch = 49 summary = We used a Bayesian hierarchical model and an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to identify changes in stroke hospitalization rate, baseline stroke severity [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], disability [measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], presentation time (last seen normal to hospital presentation), thrombolytic therapy rate, median door-to-needle time, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. Variables of interest included hospitalization rate per week per 100,000 population (total ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes), male-to-female ratio, severity of stroke at admission [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], functional status at admission and at discharge [defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2], presentation time (last known well to hospital admission), the proportion of patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) to total ischemic stroke incidence, door-to-needle time, door-to-CT time, hospital length-of-stay, and in-hospital mortality per admissions ratio (death before discharge). cache = ./cache/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300866-cso6l6ze author = Bao, Yi title = Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4252 sentences = 217 flesch = 50 summary = Both SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were negative (24 h interval), Fig. 2 The treatment of COVID-19 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage suggesting that antiviral treatment was effective. On February 29, the patient did not have high fever again, the results of the cerebrospinal fluid review showed that it was light red, no clot, protein decreased to 0.8 g/L, sugar increased to 4.45 mmol/L, and white blood cells decreased to 37 × 10 6 G/L, of which monocytes accounted for 74%. The patient's cerebrospinal fluid showed improvement, and since the two re-examinations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was negative, and the antiviral treatment with Abidol, Ribavirin, and Oseltamivir had reached the course of treatment, so it was discontinued. However, in combination with the patient's high fever, lymphocytopenia, increased neutrophils, and poor antibacterial treatment effect, the clinical manifestations conform to the COVID-19 characteristics, and nucleic acid detection is required. cache = ./cache/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300792-hpyywul0 author = Thaler, M. title = Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2945 sentences = 153 flesch = 49 summary = title: Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by conducting an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons. Four topics were addressed: (1) origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions); (2) potential disruption of arthroplasty surgeries (12 questions); (3) influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular arthroplasty surgeon (four questions); (4) a matrix provided 14 different arthroplasty surgeries and the participant was asked to state whether dedicated surgery was stopped, delayed or cancelled. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by means of an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons in the EHS and the EKA. The most important finding of the present study was the massive cutback in primary as well as revision TJA service in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300963-1n1f8mf2 author = Gajendran, Mahesh title = Inflammatory bowel disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, management strategies, and lessons learned date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6681 sentences = 350 flesch = 46 summary = Previous studies based on SARS-CoV-1 showed that the "cytokine storm" was strongly associated with viral sepsis, inflammation-induced lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [32, 34] . With regard to IBD-specific risk factors, it is speculated that patients on immunosuppressive agents, those with active IBD symptoms, malnutrition, and frequent visits to clinics or hospitals are at greater risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection [50] . The International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) maintains a registry for reporting COVID-19 in IBD patients called SECURE-IBD registry. Hence, all the societies have recommended that patients continue their IBD medications to sustain remission, because the risk of disease flare-up outweighs the chance of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The management strategy will depend on multiple factors, such as the patient's age, the severity of the COVID-19 infection, the clinical status of the IBD, and the presence of other comorbid conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300750-huyl21vz author = Shagam, Lev title = Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3771 sentences = 193 flesch = 52 summary = Using multivariate linear regression we show that incidence and mortality rates correlate significantly with GDP per capita (p = 2.6×10-15 and 7.0×10-4, respectively), country-specific duration of the outbreak (2.6×10-4 and 0.0019), fraction of citizens over 65 years old (p = 0.0049 and 3.8×10-4) and level of press freedom (p = 0.021 and 0.019) which cumulatively explain 80% of variability of incidence and more than 60% of variability of mortality of the disease during the period analyzed. Country-specific COVID-19 incidence (rows 1 and 3) and mortality rate (rows 2 and 4) depending on explanatory variables: outbreak duration ( a,d ), number of tests performed ( b,e ), GDP per capita ( c,f ), press freedom ranking measure (countries with limited press freedom have higher rank; g,j ), fraction of senior citizens ( h,k ) and position of the country's centroid ( i,l ). cache = ./cache/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300848-0igfcixy author = Meijers, Björn title = The clinical characteristics of coronavirus-associated nephropathy date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1687 sentences = 109 flesch = 52 summary = While a minority of SARS-CoV patients did develop acute kidney injury (AKI), this was attributed to critical illness with acute tubular necrosis in post-mortem kidney tissue. In kidney tissue obtained at autopsy of 26 critically ill patients with COVID-19, diffuse proximal tubule injury also was the main finding on light microscopy [9] . This puts SARS-CoV-2 in an expanding list of other viruses with proven kidney tropism, including hantavirus [14] , the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [15] , polyomavirus (polyomavirus-associated nephropathy) [16] and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-associated nephropathy) [17] . To date, kidney histology of COVID-19 patients with a less severe clinical course has not been reported. In this issue of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, data from a large European cohort study of patients with COVID-19 are reported [3] . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300716-urmogf97 author = Briguglio, Matteo title = Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9889 sentences = 460 flesch = 42 summary = The respiratory condition COVID-19 arises in a human host upon the infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first acknowledged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 after its outbreak of viral pneumonia. The respiratory condition COVID-19 arises in a human host upon the infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first acknowledged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 after its outbreak of viral pneumonia. Keywords: smell, olfactory bulb, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, infections, virulence, host pathogen interactions THE SNIFFING OUT OF CORONAVIRUSES Named after their crown-like spikes, coronaviruses are large non-segmented single-stranded positive-sense enveloped RNA viruses that may spill out from animals to infect humans and cause respiratory diseases. It is urgent to discuss whether SARS-CoV-2 can gain access to the central nervous system through a nasal-nervous pathway or other routes and if the fatal respiratory failure may be associated with a neuronal injury in critical brain areas of the host. cache = ./cache/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300911-cl7s47wb author = English, W. title = Surgical training during the COVID‐19 pandemic – the cloud with a silver lining? date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 557 sentences = 40 flesch = 50 summary = General surgical training has not been immune to these necessary changes, anecdotally resulting in reduced operating frequency, procedure number and case type available to higher surgical trainees. No trainee was explicitly scheduled to cover the emergency (CEPOD) theatre over this period, although when working overnight they would be responsible for performing urgent operations with consultant input as necessary. The total number of cases performed was 54 ( Hartmann's procedure Our experience shows that despite the significant changes to surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic, the possibility of operative training remains. As a result, within our unit, it has been possible for trainees to maintain some regular operating and training. There has been a measurable effect on training; less operating, more emergency driven case mix and a predominantly open approach. Although there has been the opportunity to operate, this is not a substitute for full-time training and we anticipate that this exceptional period will result in the majority of trainees having to extend their training. cache = ./cache/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300997-z903uyht author = Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim title = An Invited Commentary on “The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic” date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 748 sentences = 59 flesch = 54 summary = • This is an insightful perspective from surgeons working in Italy and the USA on the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of surgeons. • Surgeons have so far been side-lined to supportive roles in this crisis and the focus has been on emergency and intensive care. • Re-establishment of Elective surgery will focus initially on cancer patients that have been delayed. This perspective from experienced surgeons working in the USA and Italy will mirror conversations being held in theatres, healthcare offices and surgical management meetings across the world. The surgical challenges to this point have been relatively straightforward -cancelling almost all elective activity, telemedicine clinics, moth-balling endoscopy services, emergency Much of this perspective looks at the challenges of re-establishing elective surgical services. Most countries have seen reduced emergency patient activity during the pandemic and a rebound surge in demand is likely as work, travel and sport resume. The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300899-yi2mx91a author = Kaur, Satinder title = Understanding COVID-19 transmission, health impacts and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5347 sentences = 337 flesch = 55 summary = COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China and spread globally, resulting into pandemic. Various measures are undertaken to prevent infection such as maintaining hygiene, using facemasks, isolation/quarantine, social/physical distancing, in extreme cases lockdown (restricted movement except essential services) in hot spot areas or throughout the country. Python programming is conducted for change point analysis (CPA) using Bayesian probability approach for understanding the impact of restrictions and mitigation methods in terms of either increase or stagnation in number of COVID-19 cases for eight countries. COVID-19 is caused by novel strain of virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged from China and now declared as pandemic due to its presence across the continents in more than 213 countries. Rise in number of cases in different weeks is presented in Table 1 where it can be observed that India, France and Japan had experienced increase in fifth week, that in USA and Spain in the fourth week, Italy in the third week except for Iran and China in second week. cache = ./cache/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301026-spgidqh3 author = Das, Shaoli title = In silico Drug Repurposing to combat COVID-19 based on Pharmacogenomics of Patient Transcriptomic Data date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4169 sentences = 190 flesch = 43 summary = Next, using the available drug perturbational data sets from the Broad Institute Connectivity map (CMAP project 14 , we assessed how the candidate drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2-interacting proteins affect the pathways that are altered after COVID-19 or SARS infection in a time-dependent manner. To get a pathway-based estimation instead of individual genes, we calculated ssGSEA scores for the differentially enriched pathways in COVID-19 or SARS infection for all drug-treated cell lines at different dose/time points. Thereafter, combining the potential human interactome of SARS-CoV-2 from a recently published study 9 and SARS-CoV-1-interacting proteins curated in another publication 8 with drug target databases 10, 11 , drug perturbational data sets 14 , and drug sensitivity screening data sets 15 , we propose a map of the drugs that can be effective in COVID-19 treatment. Next, using the available drug perturbational data sets from the Broad Institute CMAP project, we assessed how the candidate drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2-interacting proteins affect the pathways that are altered after COVID-19 or SARS infection in a time-dependent manner. cache = ./cache/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300978-busx8w6s author = Apetrii, Mugurel title = A brand-new cardiorenal syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) setting date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2999 sentences = 151 flesch = 40 summary = Although the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) targets preferentially patient's lungs, recent data have documented that COVID-19 causes myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, exacerbation of heart failure and acute kidney injury. Studies show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to its predecessor SARS-CoV, engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most important features that suggest myocardial injury are electrocardiogram changes and troponin elevation coupled with echocardiography showing signs of subclinical left ventricular diastolic impairment or even reduced ejection fraction (EF) in severe cases [11] , with a higher likelihood of the need for mechanical ventilation in those with reduced EF, as was seen during previous coronavirus outbreaks [9] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection cache = ./cache/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301000-ozm5f5dy author = Naqvi, Zainab Batul title = A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8598 sentences = 370 flesch = 50 summary = For us, this has recently manifested in a collective statement on publishing and open access, which we have jointly produced and signed with several other intersectional feminist and social justice journal editorial boards. This is exhibited in our recent work to imagine what a life after existing models of open access could and should look like with our colleagues from other feminist and social justice journals (see below). • replacing the values of efficiency, transparency and compliance with those of equality, diversity, solidarity, care and inclusion • providing a more sustainable and equitable ecological economics of scholarly publishing in tune with social and environmental justice • working collectively and collaboratively rather than competitively • thinking and acting internationally, rather than through parochial national or regional policies • working across publishing and the academy with a view to responsible householding and accountability in both sectors • seeking to work across funding and institutional barriers, including between STEM and AHSS scholars • seeking further collaborations and partnerships in order to build new structures (disciplines, ethics, processes and practices of scholarship including peer review, citation, impact, engagement and metrics) and infrastructures to support a more healthy and diverse publishing ecology • challenging the technologisation and systematisation of research by working to increase our visibility as editors and academics making us and our publications more accessible and approachable for those who are minoritised in academic publishing cache = ./cache/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301025-cf2jcw6x author = Musca, Serban C. title = A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine's Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4364 sentences = 190 flesch = 54 summary = title: A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine's Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 We propose to use data from patients with rheumatic diseases (RA, SLR) who have been chronically taking HCQ medication since before the COVID-19 outbreak (hereafter: HCQpa), in order to evaluate the potential of HCQ for preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2. If HCQ has no prophylactic effect against infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 prevalence in HCQpa will not be statistically different from that in the general population (all comers who do not take HCQ medication; hereafter: pop gen ). HCQ having a prophylactic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection would manifest itself by a COVID-19 prevalence in HCQpa that is lower than the COVID-19 prevalence in the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300964-knc0ruou author = Hoffman, Tove title = Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2546 sentences = 139 flesch = 54 summary = We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. In the present study, we evaluated a commercially available assay, the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech Co Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China), developed for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. None of the 24 healthy volunteers, without any known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19, tested positive for IgM or IgG. In this study we evaluated a commercial rapid test for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG. If this was the case for one or more of the included patients, the actual sensitivities should be higher, i.e. when evaluated only on samples known to contain detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and/or IgG. Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis cache = ./cache/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300855-vba552kh author = Dungar, Keval Dhanji title = The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on “acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicentre retrospective cohort study” date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 691 sentences = 53 flesch = 61 summary = title: The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on "acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. We read with great interest the study by Cano-Valderrama et al [1] which compared the number of acute care surgery procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic with a control period. Acute Care Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. Delayed access to care and late presentations in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f survey of 4075 paediatricians in the UK and Ireland The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study Please enter the name of the registry, the hyperlink to the registration and the unique identifying number of the study. cache = ./cache/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300991-ipy24zxp author = Khan, Amira Sayed title = Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5971 sentences = 314 flesch = 47 summary = Through a recent upsurge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the clinical assessment of most of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients clearly presents a health condition with the loss of oro-naso-sensory (ONS) perception, responsible for the detection of flavor and savor. Hence, obesity represents a great risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it may hide the viral-associated altered ONS symptoms, thus leading to a high mortality rate in these subjects. Moreover, the number of immunosuppressive T-regulatory, Treg (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + ) cells and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were upregulated in patients with severe COVID-19 [18] , suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to "over-immunosuppression" in the case of obesity ( Figure 1 ). SARS-CoV-2 infection may further aggravate the ONS functions; mask the obesity-induced inflammation, including loss of taste and smell; and render the obese subjects more vulnerable and prone to severe pathophysiological consequences such as RTI, leading to death. cache = ./cache/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301052-qdhkwa4s author = Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B. title = The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3619 sentences = 157 flesch = 45 summary = Since the initial spark of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019, which was later declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global pandemic, all affected countries are implementing various preventive and control measures to mitigate the spread of the disease. Jordan is considered a touristic country and a main connection point for many flights and trips within the region, and this, along with the noticeable increase in number of COVID-19 cases globally, has meant that the government has started to implement (periodically revised) strict rules and measures relating to travel, education, religious and social events, as well as working within various industries (17) . Different societal responsibilities, including social distancing, frequent hand washing and sanitization, as well as complying with the recommendations from health authorities, will all result in a more effective national response to limit the spread of the disease, especially upon the release of the current lockdown and curfew in Jordan. cache = ./cache/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300995-tqz2bkdo author = Tagliaferri, Luca title = Skin cancer triage and management during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1411 sentences = 65 flesch = 45 summary = The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1], with over 1 million patients affected by COVID‐19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [1]. The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1] , with over 1 million patients affected by COVID-19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [2] . All rights reserved We therefore propose that the oncological risk and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be considered and balanced in order to provide a weighted and controlled strategy to advanced skin cancer patients. A useful approach, as already suggested by other authors, is to identify the different classes of priorities, both for the patients and for health professionals [5, 6] .Only a few national and international societies have released specific recommendations for skin cancer patients [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301106-qskwujpa author = Gambato, Martina title = Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1665 sentences = 81 flesch = 44 summary = On March 31st of this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A single case of acute chronic liver failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a decompensated alcoholic cirrhotic patient was recently reported. Overall, the reported data are not yet enough for us to know the risk of infection in patients with existing chronic liver disease, or the impact of COVID-19 on their liver status and outcomes. Patients with liver cancer are another special population often coming to the hospital for treatment and monitoring, who may be at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, especially if they are receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In conclusion, liver damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported quite frequently, especially in patients who developed severe COVID-19 disease. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301061-bekyn1k2 author = Meschi, Tiziana title = Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID‐19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 622 sentences = 49 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Meschi, Tiziana; Rossi, Sandra; Volpi, Annalisa; Ferrari, Carlo; Sverzellati, Nicola; Brianti, Ettore; Fabi, Massimo; Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea Here, we present the model of care adopted at Parma University-Hospital, a large teaching hospital facility located in Northern Italy, to face a massive overflow of COVID-19 patients presenting to the Emergency Department. If positive, patients are transferred either to infectious disease unit or to internal medicine ward clusters exclusively dedicated to COVID-19 management. Reconversion of other medical wards of the hospital, located in other buildings, with activation of a dedicated mobile CT, has then been performed with increasing patient flows (final capacity >600 beds). Tiziana Meschi 1, 2 Sandra Rossi 3 Annalisa Volpi 3 F I G U R E 1 Algorithm of management and flows of suspect COVID-19 cases adopted in Parma University Hospital. COVID-19 wards are jointly managed by internal medicine, emergency medicine, geriatrics, intensive care and infectious disease specialists. cache = ./cache/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301082-sikgk58i author = Breevoort, Arnar title = High-altitude populations need special considerations for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1117 sentences = 61 flesch = 44 summary = We argue that high altitude human populations require special attention to access the international supply of ventilators. Yet, with altitude there is a progressive reduction in barometric pressure and subsequently in oxygen pressure leading to major physiological adaptations in the lungs 9 , which are not usually considered in ventilator quality tests. In these tests, the majority of commercial ventilators failed at high altitude, delivering tidal volumes with up to 40% error from the set volume 10 . Similarly, failure to contain the virus in Ethiopia, the second most populated country in Africa, would negatively affect the treatment efforts of the region. The further spread of COVID-19 can be halted under international collaboration and the understanding that success is dependent on the containment of COVID-19 in all countries, including economically challenged countries 15 . cache = ./cache/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301036-x06m11e0 author = Alfuraih, Abdulrahman M. title = Point of care lung ultrasound in COVID-19: hype or hope? date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2339 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = As a control case, a suspected patient (later confirmed negative) with typical COVID-19 symptoms exhibited normal lung pleura with A-lines on LU. The third, and most interesting, case study 14 was of pregnant females with positive lung ultrasound findings suggesting COVID-19 which had an early negative PCR result. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring. 3 recommendations regarding the importance of lung imaging considering the high sensitivity prior to positive RT-PCR results. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author = Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title = Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3952 sentences = 259 flesch = 39 summary = In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 12 In line with this international study 12 and the consensus statement of Italian respiratory therapists 13 we aim to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. cache = ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301035-dz8642qx author = Rasheed, Jawad title = A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Supporting Frontline Workers and Decision Makers for COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6129 sentences = 329 flesch = 45 summary = As the pandemic has caused great disruption to normal day-to-day operations and created a sense of unknown amongst the public, many motivated scientists and citizens have tried to assist in the COVID-19 response by developing their own unique AI-based tools to solve a large number of problems, in a variety of applied domains, such as: COIVD-19 disease detection and classification, mortality rate prediction and severity assessment, outbreak forecasting and tracking, biological insight of SARS-Cov-2 strain, and drug discovery. The investigation of this paper reveals several AI-based approaches that have been proposed as potential ways to help, with the COVID-19 pandemic, covering everything from initial diagnoses via image diagnostics up to the presentation of models that help to understand the spread of COVID-19 and identify potential new outbreak areas. Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Pneumonia based on Generative Adversarial Networks and a Fine-Tuned Deep Transfer Learning Model using Chest X-ray Dataset cache = ./cache/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301083-nnh95i0k author = Jumreornvong, Oranicha title = Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4230 sentences = 228 flesch = 37 summary = Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Videoconferencing technologies, such as Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), can aid in the incorporation of case-based discussions, short didactic presentations, and real-time evaluations to educate future providers in underserved areas or global settings on remote care. 26 They could use the following learning vehicles to help medical students explore these domains: (1) asynchronous lectures covering telehealth history; (2) discussions on applications, ethics, safety, etiquette, and patient considerations; (3) faculty-supervised standardized patient telehealth encounters; and (4) hands-on diagnostic or therapeutic procedures using telehealth equipment such as live video, the store-and-forward method, remote patient monitoring (RPM), and mobile health. cache = ./cache/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301067-wk3cf0b7 author = Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N. title = Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2537 sentences = 130 flesch = 55 summary = As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. At the same time, we analyse the evolution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compare them with the start of prevention measures and changes in sectors affected in different countries to discuss the effectiveness in time in which they are applied. These measures are classified in 5 categories in the original dataset, however, we reclassify them and discuss them in terms of their effects on health, and economy, but mainly on the environment by analysing changes in mobility, electricity generation, and air quality index (AQI) before and after the pandemic. At the same time, the analysis of changes in mobility and electricity demand along the evaluation of T D and I CR from the I C curves allow to discuss the timely execution of the prevention measures, which works as a feedback to consider and plan actions for the current pandemic or future global events. cache = ./cache/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author = Davahli, Mohammad Reza title = The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7860 sentences = 418 flesch = 41 summary = The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. The studies reported impacts of the pandemic on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including job loss, revenue losses, access to loans, market demand, emerging new markets, hostile behaviors towards foreigners, and issues of hospitality workers and hotel cleaners. cache = ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301115-sedfbjlw author = Han, Mingfeng title = Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4577 sentences = 255 flesch = 53 summary = title: Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity The results of our analysis demonstrated that the initial SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads varied in patients, but were comparable in different patient groups stratified by age, gender, comorbidities and disease severity. We compared the measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in sputum specimens from COVID-19 patients at admission among groups divided according to age, sex, underlying diseases and disease severity (Fig. 2a) . a, b The measured SARS-CoV-2 RNAs levels in sputum (a) and throat swab (b) specimens from COVID-19 patients at admission were compared according to the age, sex, comorbidity, and the disease severity. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features including SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and immunological characteristics of peripheral blood in a patient cohort with COVID-19 from Anhui Province, China. cache = ./cache/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301281-yur5hs2h author = Zelek, Wioleta M. title = Complement Inhibition with the C5 Blocker LFG316 in Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 87 flesch = 44 summary = We here report the contribution of complement activation and impact of complement blockade in severe COVID-19, defined as marked respiratory impairment requiring intensive care and ventilation support. Five patients were selected, based on high levels of TCC (above the mean 1 2 SD for controls; 7.14 mg/L) and either treatment failure (patients 1-3) or failure to improve (patients 4 and 5) where death was not considered imminent (clinical judgement), for inclusion in a compassionate use study of complement blockade using LFG316 (tesidolumab; Novartis Managed Access Program), a C5-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) that prevents generation of the proinflammatory effectors C5a and membrane attack complex (6) . We describe a preliminary evaluation of the potential benefit of C5 blockade in severe COVID-19; we show that the C5-blocking mAb LFG316 could be administered in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19; a single dose of LFG316 blocked C5 activity and complement activation for at least 4 days in all treated patients. cache = ./cache/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301027-b9urhbkh author = Li, R. title = Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi'an, China date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4130 sentences = 240 flesch = 47 summary = title: Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi'an, China We evaluated differences in clinic and radiologic findings of multiple generations of COVID-19 infection in Xi'an (Shaanxi, China) to provide more clues for the correct estimate of the disease. In this study, we collected information of 99 cases who have basic demographic information, date of symptom onset, medical history and epidemiological information, and 62 among them with additional information including symptoms, chest CT scans, laboratory findings, as well as treatments and outcomes data. In our study, we focused on whether there are differences in clinical characteristics and chest CT signs among multiple generation patients with COVID-19 infection. The dynamic changing curve of total CT score in pulmonary lesions showed that severity and number of lesions increased in the first 10-15 days in all of the three generations patients, All rights reserved. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301299-flb5wwzg author = García, Inés Suárez title = SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in Madrid, Spain date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3951 sentences = 192 flesch = 53 summary = AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) between February 24(th) to April 30(th), 2020 in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. Therefore, we designed a retrospective cohort study whose aim was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. During the study period, HCWs experiencing symptoms consistent with probable COVID-19 were instructed to present at the Occupational Health outpatient clinic, where they were managed according to the hospital protocol: a nasopharyngeal swab was collected and analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. A case of COVID-19 was defined as any HCW presenting to the Occupational Health outpatient clinic with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301240-18l9juk8 author = Löffler, Christian title = Two immunocompromised patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a complication of severe COVID-19 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1360 sentences = 75 flesch = 41 summary = Besides autoimmune diseases such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) syndrome pulmonary viral infections are also known to be culprits of DAH. We present two cases of immunocompromised patients with rapidly developing hypoxemic respiratory failure and evidence of DAH in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present two cases of immunocompromised patients with rapidly developing hypoxemic respiratory failure and evidence of DAH in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2 presenting with an inflammatory disease with hypereosinophilia, renal and suspected myocardial involvement, DAH would generally be highly suspicious for vasculitis, especially for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) 10 . Due to the atypical and initially non-severe presentation, the negative travel and contact history, and a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany at the time of the onset of symptoms in February 2020, COVID-19 was not suspected at the time of admission giving way to spreading the disease to patient no. cache = ./cache/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301216-a0rkpez7 author = Perez, Adriana title = Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection As Cholestatic Jaundice in Two Healthy Adolescents date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1667 sentences = 117 flesch = 49 summary = Liver abnormalities in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including hepatitis and cholestasis, have been observed in adults and is associated with worse outcomes. As of June 25, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in >9.4 million confirmed cases worldwide and > 482,000 deaths worldwide, including > 2.3 million cases and > 121,000 deaths reported in the US, among which were 84 pediatric deaths in persons < 24 years of age by June 13 2020. The incidence of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19 has been ranges from 14.8% -53%(, being more significant in severe cases and ranging up to 78% among fatal cases.(10) Liver abnormalities described included elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), mildly elevated bilirubin levels, high gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and low albumin levels (2.6-3.3 g/L) (10, 11) . We present two cases of acute hepatitis with clinically apparent jaundice and cholestasis without biliary obstruction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301276-eer1l8vg author = Sehrawat, Sharvan title = Opinion: Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility? date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1736 sentences = 81 flesch = 40 summary = In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed. The hygiene hypothesis has satisfactorily explained the increased frequency of some disease syndromes, but could it also explain why some individuals are more susceptible to the severe consequences of COVID-19 infection than are others? cache = ./cache/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301297-vgijyani author = Khalili, Mohammad Reza title = Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 755 sentences = 45 flesch = 46 summary = title: Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic We recently witnessed a significant increase in the number of patients referring to our eye emergency department in Khalili Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars province, Iran, with methanol-induced optic neuropathy. From about 300 patients with methanol poisoning that were referred or consulted to us, 108 cases of methanolinduced optic neuropathy were diagnosed in our eye emergency department (unpublished data) in only 2 weeks' time. This incidence is far higher than the total number of patients that have been referred to our center and were diagnosed as methanol-induced optic neuropathy within the last 15 years. Based on the information obtained from the patients, there were several factors that have led to the methanol poisoning and methanol-induced optic neuropathy outbreak. All these together resulted in an outbreak in methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic with catastrophic consequences to patients' visual function that ultimately resulted in permanent visual impairment in many patients. cache = ./cache/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301283-5bta8woj author = Rosa, William E. title = LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19:Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1897 sentences = 118 flesch = 39 summary = Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) identified persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at end-of-life. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) identified persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at endof-life. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. As hospitals worldwide respond to an influx of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, and queer/questioning-identified (LGBTQ+) individuals remain particularly vulnerable to health inequities in all settings, including palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care. Specifically, we 1) describe important health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ individuals and 2) provide practical, accessible strategies for palliative care clinicians for immediate implementation to ensure cache = ./cache/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301348-h21rnyww author = Gherghina, Ștefan Cristian title = Stock Market Reactions to COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Quantitative Evidence from ARDL Bounds Tests and Granger Causality Analysis date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6397 sentences = 376 flesch = 60 summary = Figure 6 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in China, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). Figure 7 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in Italy, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). However, both models shows that the number of new deaths in China due to COVID-19 has no influence on the BET index return, respectively, on the Romania 10-year bond yield, neither in the short-term, nor in the long-term. However, the short-run results show a negative impact of new deaths cases of COVID-19 from Italy on the BET index return, in line with Okorie and Lin [58] which underlined a transitory contagion effect in the stock markets due to novel coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301162-ux40twpt author = Chiaravalloti, Nancy D. title = The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4789 sentences = 238 flesch = 42 summary = During study closure, a COVID Impact Survey was administered via telephone or email to all participants, along with measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and MS symptomatology that were previously administered pre-pandemic. All participants additionally completed selected Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) that were previously administered at study enrollment (baseline) to evaluate changes in depression, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and MS symptomatology during the time period in which lockdown restrictions were in place. Despite the fact that the majority of participants reported some impact of the virus on their psychological well-being on the COVID Impact Interview, we saw little change in regard to symptoms of depression and anxiety and overall QOL on standardized PROs. The international composition of our sample indicates that these findings are largely consistent across widely dispersed geographical locations. cache = ./cache/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301402-andxwyi3 author = Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong title = Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3900 sentences = 177 flesch = 39 summary = ➤. When performing an operation on a patient who has suspected or confirmed infection with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), personal protection equipment should include hair covers, face shields or goggles, N95 respirator masks, a blood-borne pathogen-resistant surgical gown, shoe covers, and double-gloving with single-use gloves. The components used to accomplish this level of protection when dealing with patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection include gloves, gowns, eye protection, hair covers, shoe covers, and an N95 particulate respirator 13 (U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthcertified N95, European Union standard filtering face piece [FFP]2, or equivalent) that is fitted to the individual. Surgical masks are loose-fitting devices that provide a physical barrier without restricting airborne contaminants and are used in our institution for health-care worker interaction with all patients unless they were suspected of or confirmed as having COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301391-5dvf1mi0 author = Islam, Md. Milon title = Breathing Aid Devices to Support Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)Infected Patients date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 266 flesch = 53 summary = It is a matter of hope that the recent deployment of small-scale technologies like 3D printer, microcontroller, ventilator, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are mostly used to resolve the problem associated with medical equipment's for breathing. We described the most recent developed breathing aid devices such as oxygen therapy devices, ventilator, and CPAP throughout the review. The review described breathing aid devices like oxygen therapy devices, ventilators, and CPAP devices. Breathing aid devices are used to support the patients who have acute respiration problem due to pneumonia associated diseases like COVID-19, asthma, and dry coughing. The key feature of this study is that without any respiration tubes, the proposed device can provide necessary ventilation to the patient's lungs with the blower unit. A lowcost, microcontroller controlled electro-mechanical device is developed in [61] for the respiratory support of COVID-19 infected patients. [66] proposed a multi-powered CPAP device for respiratory support for the patients having a breathing problem. cache = ./cache/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301189-6sq1pfo8 author = Zheng, Hua title = Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1109 sentences = 66 flesch = 51 summary = title: Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Editor -The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly since the early cases identified in Wuhan, China. The respiratory support included low-flow or high-flow oxygen therapy via nasal cannula or mask; noninvasive or invasive positive pressure ventilation; or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) . Previous studies have reported that older age and male sex were risk factors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients, with limited information about the need for respiratory support 4, 5 . Among all patients, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and invasive positive pressure ventilation were given to 60 (3.3%), 135 (7.5%), 104 (5.8%) patients, respectively, with increased requirement for this amongst male and older patients. cache = ./cache/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301192-wif0te3w author = Hoffman, David A title = Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5793 sentences = 304 flesch = 47 summary = The current public health emergency necessitates a detailed look at the federal and state telehealth regulations to determine what changes will properly incentivize rapid adoption of the technology while also mitigating concerns related to safety, privacy, cybersecurity, and how best to assist underserved communities and people. Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 5 CMS also will now provide for reimbursement for RPM services for acute conditions as well as chronic, and that expansion will extend beyond the public health emergency. Further, covered entities (and their business associates) must apply the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards of the HIPAA Security Rule to electronic protected health information." 33 However, in a March 30, 2020, Notification OCR stated: "During the COVID-19 national emergency, which also constitutes a nationwide public health emergency, covered health care providers subject to the HIPAA Rules may seek to communicate with patients, and provide telehealth services, through remote communications technologies. cache = ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301388-p3juk2vv author = Yen, Muh-Yong title = Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3933 sentences = 225 flesch = 47 summary = 5, 6 It is therefore essential that the health care community develop infection control guidelines on prevention measures to address pandemic preparedness and response in LTCFs. 7, 8 Here we offer recommendations based on what we consider the "gold standard" for pandemic preparedness and response in LTCFs. However, we recognize that the ideal response we describe is likely not an option for LTCFs in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic. 18 Given the significant vulnerability of LTCF residents and staff to the COVID-19 pandemic, here we recommend adopting eTCB, and adapting it to LTCFs. Enhanced TCB protects LTCF staff and residents from droplet, contact and fomite transmission through a process including triage prior to entering the facility, separate zones of risk within the facility and checkpoint hand hygiene throughout. cache = ./cache/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301412-wbu3t8j8 author = Ippolito, Edy title = COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 757 sentences = 54 flesch = 48 summary = title: COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases Furthermore, the prognosis of cancer patients dealing with COVID-19 disease is unpaired as they are usually older with multiple comorbidities. The clinical picture of radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is radiation pneumonitis (RP) that is relatively common, occurring in 15-40% of patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for NSCLC (4) . In patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy, discerning RP from COVID-19 disease can be particularly challenging as RP characteristics can mimic SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia. High fever (the most common initial symptom of COVID-19) frequently occurs in patients presenting severe lung RP. Predicting radiation pneumonitis after chemoradiation therapy for lung cancer: an international individual patient data meta-analysis A clinical score, including biohumoral parameters, is a useful pretest index to discriminate pulmonary infections from radiation damage in chemoradiation-treated lung cancer patients Treatmentrelated Lymphopenia in Patients With Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer cache = ./cache/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301405-7ijaxk4v author = El Mouden, Zakariyaa Ait title = Towards Using Graph Analytics for Tracking Covid-19 date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3763 sentences = 181 flesch = 55 summary = The purpose of this paper is to introduce a graph-based approach of communities detection in the novel coronavirus Covid-19 countries' datasets. Recent works combined between spectral methods and deep learning models, such as the case of [24] where the authors presented their deep clustering approach to cluster data using both neural networks and graph analytics. Our proposed approach consists of a SC based communities detection where the objective is to have an unsupervised grouping of countries having similar behaviors of Covid-19 spreading. In this paper, we proposed a graph-based approach for clustering Covid-19 data using spectral clustering. Ongoing work intends to link the different processes of the model, developed with two different programming languages (Java and R) to build a model able to cluster heterogeneous data based on graph analytics and spectral clustering for communities' detection. An application of spectral clustering approach to detect communities in data modeled by graphs cache = ./cache/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301473-k9257jaa author = Pernitez-Agan, S. title = Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 in the Context of Migration Health: A Study Protocol date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3403 sentences = 204 flesch = 43 summary = Expected study findings aim to provide valuable information to support evidence mapping on COVID-19 and migration health, particularly the identification of important research gaps. Methods and analysis: Using Elseviers Scopus abstract and citation database, a comprehensive search strategy will be applied to map scientific publications on COVID-19 and migration health. A deep dive on dominant research themes or migrant health-related topics will be done by creating visualization network maps of keywords from the retrieved publications. In this paper, we present the protocol for a bibliometric study that aims to identify and analyze research publications on COVID-19 focusing on migration, migrants and human mobility; specifically mapping research productivity on COVID-19 in the context of migration health by author, country, institution/ organization, health theme, and migrant topic (i.e. migrant type and country coverage). Scopus, a citation and abstract database of peer-reviewed literature developed by Elsevier, will be used to retrieve publications on COVID-19 and migration health. cache = ./cache/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301514-yo2ebphy author = Holten, John title = The Radiology Resident Experience at a Large Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3121 sentences = 153 flesch = 44 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in healthcare including pressure to provide efficient and timely patient care while maintaining a safe environment for physicians and staff. We found the Review and Commentary Perspective "Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist" by Jeffrey Kanne especially helpful for us to get a sense for how COVID-19 pneumonia presents before cases at our own institution began to rise. Working closely with the hospital administration and the department of pulmonology, the radiology department created a standardized process for imaging patients with clinical suspicion for COVID-19. 10 In accordance with this principle, our department rapidly implemented changes to provide the highest quality care for our patients and assistance to our clinical teams while minimizing the exposure risk to our residents. cache = ./cache/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301474-nuaq50vi author = Dyck, Jason R.B. title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 716 sentences = 37 flesch = 48 summary = Thus, continuation of ongoing research projects involving diabetes, as well as new projects examining how diabetes affects patients with COVID-19, are essential to the health of Canadians and global populations. In a similar way that each government around the world has a different approach to dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, the universities/research institutes across Canada also appear to be responding differently in terms of the restrictions placed on research activities. Thus, despite this COVID-19 pandemic and the need to protect the health of Canadians, a measured and sensible balance must be found that protects our citizens from this immediate health concern but also allows diabetes research to continue. If this approach is adopted, Canadian researchers can assist in helping to fight the COVID-19 pandemic but also protect the long-term health of Canadians at risk of developing diabetes or of those who currently have diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301483-dsaltzdd author = Hashizume, H. title = Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID‐19: a case report date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 895 sentences = 60 flesch = 49 summary = During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID‐19 patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is currently spreading worldwide, causing the worst pandemic experienced this century [1] . During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID-19 patients [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . Recently, we experienced a case of polycyclic erythema, which was very similar to theirs, in a patient with respiratory distress whose eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EAGP) was later confirmed by skin biopsy. Additionally, recent reports have implicated distinctive skin manifestations, such chilblain-like erythema, livedoid eruptions [2, 8] , morbilliform rash [9] , urticarial rash [4] , and varicella-like rash [6] , in COVID-19. In addition, we also observed polycyclic erythema, manifesting very similarly to the COVID-19 case described by Amatore et al. cache = ./cache/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301619-0ojayw16 author = Adamowicz, Jan title = May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications ? date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1203 sentences = 76 flesch = 36 summary = Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males. Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males. Consequently, we introduce hypothesis that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may disrupt androgens metabolism in lungs, which in turn may have a negative impact on course of COVID-19 infection. Under this assumption, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors might increase androgen concentration in lungs hampering their regeneration. Due to high prevalence of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor in BPH treatment, its potential negative influence on recovery after COVID-19 infection, should be established. According to presented hypothesis, patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, might be vulnerable to COVID-19 infection with poorer prognosis. May patients receiving 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications cache = ./cache/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301309-qzkhi6gw author = Hindilerden, Fehmi title = Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1211 sentences = 85 flesch = 53 summary = title: Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case As previously reported, patients with Covid-19 may show a range of immune complications, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (OIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), Guillain-Barré and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Here we present a confirmed case of Covid-19 presenting with autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We propose that autoimmune TTP, can be a severe autoimmune complication in Covid-19 patients and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA). Common conditions associated with secondary TTP including lymphoproliferative disorders, other autoimmune disorders and collagen vascular diseases were excluded in our patient, which suggests that acquired TTP was driven by Covid-19 infection. et al reported the single case in the literature of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with acquired autoimmune TTP following the diagnosis of Covid-19 [11] . Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301476-5uc76djv author = Mushi, Vivian title = Tailoring of the ongoing water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for prevention and control of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1320 sentences = 61 flesch = 49 summary = Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions remain to be important in the prevention of further spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended public health measures such as regularly and thoroughly handwashing with water and soap or with alcohol sanitizers, covering of the mouth and nose with a mask in crowded areas, physical distancing for at least 6 feet from one person to another, adhering to good respiratory hygiene practices especially when sneezing or coughing by covering the nose and mouth with a bent elbow or tissue, and avoid visiting crowded places [5] . Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are crucial in preventing human to human transmission of COVID-19 [10] . World Health Organization, interim recommendations on obligatory hand hygiene against transmission of COVID-19 World Health Organization, Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for the COVID-19 virus cache = ./cache/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301295-kthqb2fs author = Rajkumar, R. P. title = The relationship between demographic, psychosocial and health-related parameters and the impact of COVID-19: a study of twenty-four Indian regions date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3640 sentences = 213 flesch = 50 summary = 8 Preliminary research has found that demographic and socioeconomic factors can influence variability in the spread and impact of COVID-19 not only between countries, but within a given country; in an ecological analysis of data from the United States, poverty, number of elderly people and population density were positively correlated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. The results of this preliminary analysis found that certain demographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables were significantly related to the variability in COVID-19 prevalence, mortality and case fatality rates across 24 different regions of India. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 doi: medRxiv preprint by the percentage of DALYs associated with this disorder; COVID-19 mortality was associated with the burden of ischemic heart disease; and COVID-19 case fatality rate was associated with the total population of each region. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 doi: medRxiv preprint Though this could not be confirmed by multivariate analysis, population was positively correlated with the case fatality rate across the different regions of India. cache = ./cache/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301622-mn59vszt author = Jomah, Shahamah title = Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A review date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6281 sentences = 405 flesch = 50 summary = However, several agents are included in Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Management Guidelines for treatment of COVID-19 patients; including antimalaria (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir), antibacterial (azithromycin, and immunomodulators (Tocilizumab) based on their beneficial role reported by practicing physicians or small scale clinical trials. Additional keywords such as treatment", "antiviral", "protease inhibitors", "lopinavir ritonavir", "ribavirin", Remdesivir", "arbidol",Östalmovir", "Favipiravir", human studies, randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective or retrospective cohort designs, case-control designs, case series and case report, with COVID-19 produced more than 300 trails. A randomized control trial including 199 severe COVID-19 patients revealed that lopinavir group had significantly shorter time for clinical improvement compared to standard therapy. Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial [27] • 236 moderate/severe confirmed COVID-19 cases randomized; 116 to receive Favipiravir for 10 days and 120 to receive Umifenovir (Arbidol) for 10 days and all patients received conventional therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301590-70qmpccs author = Campos, António title = The Paradigm Shift of Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3010 sentences = 164 flesch = 52 summary = CONCLUSION: It was possible to keep the ophthalmological activity during the pandemic outbreak due to the existence of a pre-scheduled fixed regimen for IVI and to the availability of personal protective equipment. We are facing a different sort of challenge now: how to accommodate the usual huge number of patients previous to the COVID-19 outbreak in the waiting rooms, while respecting the new demands from the healthcare authorities to reduce the number of waiting patients to a half or one-third. 9 Issues such as the use of personal protective equipment, the size of waiting rooms, ventilation, adherence to disinfection protocols, choose of whom to treat based on the disease natural evolution and the need to prioritize treatment visits over monitoring visits, were addressed recently. Symptomatic patients, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and contacts, were postponed until they were RT-PCR negative, except for emergency surgeries that were performed in a COVID-dedicated OR (one room with negative pressure and special requirements 12 cache = ./cache/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author = Seng, J. J. B. title = Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5400 sentences = 296 flesch = 49 summary = Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Keywords employed in the search strategy included terms related to health literacy as well as the viruses and syndromes implicated in the three coronavirus pandemics which were namely COVID-19, MERS and SARS. Studies which evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS or MERS among adult participants aged ≥ 18 years old from the general population, healthcare sectors and infected patients were included. Questions from instruments used across included studies were classified into three main themes, which were 1) knowledge, 2) attitudes and 3) practices, to help guide future development of standardised COVID-19 and pandemic health literacy tools. cache = ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301530-l7homdjj author = Abobaker, Anis title = Reply: Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 757 sentences = 50 flesch = 48 summary = One of the possible explanations of this observation is inflammation induced by COVID-19 infection which increases the hepcidin level, the main regulator of tissue iron store, as discussed by Garrick and Ghio [2] . Moreover, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein has hepcidin-like action, which means that the virus can directly increase ferritin level regardless of the inflammatory effect [1] . I agree with Garrick and Ghio that the release of free iron secondary to interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and haemoglobin molecule as an explanation of high ferritin level in COVID-19 remains a theoretical possibility, and it has not been practically confirmed as yet. Interestingly, it is stated that one of the additional pharmacological effects of deferoxamine is downregulation of hepcidin [1] Iron-containing enzymes are required for viral replication, including coronavirus [6] . High intracellular iron level increases expression and enzymatic activity of aconitase protein [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301426-i9a5g86x author = Bray, I. title = Covid-19 mortality: a multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2015 sentences = 107 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: An ecological analysis was used to estimate associations between these variables and age-standardised Covid-19 mortality rates at the local authority level. RESULTS: Ethnicity, population density and overweight/obesity were all found to have strong independent associations with Covid-19 mortality, at the local authority level. 9 We have conducted an ecological analysis to assess possible associations with a range of sociodemographic variables using routinely available data for local authorities e ethnicity, overweight and obesity, population density, deprivation and pollution. 9 Although it is widely reported that older people and men are at increased risk, these variables are not included in this analysis (because the mortality rates are age standardised and because we would not expect to see sufficient variation in the percentage of local authority populations who are men). Of the variables considered, we found that the strongest predictors of the rate of deaths involving Covid-19 at the local authority level were population density and ethnicity. cache = ./cache/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301416-rfrbgnft author = Kashnitsky, Ilya title = COVID-19 in unequally ageing European regions date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1292 sentences = 71 flesch = 50 summary = The map presented in this brief note summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal ageand sex-specific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the map NUTS-3 regions of Europe are colored according to the deviation from European pooled estimate of the proportion of population at risk of death due to COVID-19. We adjust IFRs by sex ratios of age-specific case-fatality ratios observed for the pooled population of all the European countries in the COVerAGE database (Riffe & Acosta, 2020) . The map in Figure 1 summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal age-and sexspecific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlights -European regions are ageing unequally -The COVID-19 pandemic is hardest in the elderly populations -Population age structures alone may account for four-fold variation in average regional infection-fatality ratios across Europe cache = ./cache/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301677-b6mnn27h author = Soleimanian, Saeede title = Harnessing Memory NK Cell to Protect Against COVID-19 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9746 sentences = 462 flesch = 42 summary = In this regard, Natural Killer (NK) cells as essential front-line responders to many viral infections in humans have been proposed for a suitable therapeutic approach in severe COVID-19 patients, and several clinical trials have begun (Market et al., 2020) . In this line, Type I IFNs have a critical role in concert with pattern PRR signaling to prime innate and adaptive antiviral responses such as stimulating natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and production of proinflammatory cytokines (Samuel, 2001; Murira and Lamarre, 2016) . The detection of both SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and specific antibodies to viral proteins have thus far become significant for primary diagnosis infection and immunity in COVID-19 patients, respectively. in a pneumonia model of SARS in mice, mimicking features of the human disease, illustrated that mice depleted of both CD4 and CD8T cells, had the ability to control SARS-CoV replication in the lungs, suggesting an immune mechanism independent of T cells, and a role for innate antiviral response and NK cells, in viral clearance. cache = ./cache/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301493-32l52q3s author = Hill, Jason B. title = Frequency of venous thromboembolism in 6513 patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3226 sentences = 153 flesch = 46 summary = From this cohort, patients with confirmed VTE (either during or after their hospital encounter) were identified by administrative query of the EHR.: Between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2020, 6153 patients with COVID-19 were identified; 2748 of these patients were admitted, while 3405 received care exclusively through the emergency department. 7 To provide additional information about the association of VTE with COVID-19, we present a large retrospective cohort study examining all polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals or treated in emergency departments affiliated with the Ochsner Health System. To estimate the rate of failure of VTE prophylaxis among COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients, we defined failure as any DVT or PE event diagnosed $3 days after the admission of a patient who had received $2 days of evidence-based mechanical or pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis immediately prior. cache = ./cache/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301454-ayf42grs author = Phyu Khin, Phyu title = A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1762 sentences = 105 flesch = 45 summary = A recent study proved that coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 also uses dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4, also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, CD26) as a co-receptor when entering cells. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect T lymphocytes despite their very low expression level of ACE-2, implying an alternate receptor for viral entry [5, 6] . Among elderly patients (average age: 80 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Italy in early 2020, the mortality rate was highest in patients with hypertension (69%), followed by those with type 2 diabetes (31%), and those with ischemic heart diseases (27%) [5] . The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2, is expressed on many different cell types: implications for ACE-inhibitor-and angiotensin II receptor blocker-based cardiovascular therapies. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301641-epr1sct6 author = Kumar, Durgesh title = Understanding the binding affinity of noscapines with protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 using MD simulations at different temperatures date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4095 sentences = 204 flesch = 49 summary = Herein, MM-GBSA method was to calculate the change in enthalpy and the change in free energy for the formation of complex, number of hydrogen bonds (HBs) are determined to study the binding of the hit molecule with the protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19. However, the designed molecules were filtered against the protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 based on total energy or binding energy (kcal/mol) of drug-target complex using iGEMDOCK Singh et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2019) . Herein, MM-GBSA method is used to determine the change in enthalpy and change in free energy for the formation of complex, number of HBs to understand the binding of screened noscapines with the protease of SARS-CoV-2 of COVID-19 (Al-Anazi et al., 2018; Chaudhari & Pahelkar, 2019; Chinnasamy et al., 2019; Du et al., 2011) . Further, the detailed analysis of newly formed drug-target complex through root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) versus the residue number of protease of coronavirus for COVID-19 for top hit molecule is represented in Figure 7 . cache = ./cache/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301424-nt35k3eg author = Ad, Niv title = Cardiac Surgery in North America and COVID-19: Regional Variability in Burden and Impact date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2106 sentences = 108 flesch = 48 summary = The present study aims to report the regional variations of North American adult cardiac surgical case volume and case mix through the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on 183 cardiac surgical volumes and the potential regional and institutional differences in crisis 184 management may provide guidance on post-pandemic hospital operating capacity required to 185 treat deferred cases. The present study aims to report the collective North American adult cardiac surgical 189 experience with COVID-19 through the evaluation of changes in cardiac surgical case volume, 190 case mix and outcomes, as stratified by hospitals with high and low burden of hospitalized 191 patients with COVID-19. Institutions with high COVID-19 burden had significant decline in total case volume, 338 with change in case mix, that did not meet statistical significance, largely providing urgent or 339 emergent care for procedures, such as CABG, ECMO and heart transplantations, rather than 340 valvular and aortic surgical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301684-ubw91yq1 author = Bartiromo, Marilù title = Threatening drug‐drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1809 sentences = 97 flesch = 50 summary = During the novel coronavirus pandemic, organ transplant recipients represent a frail susceptible category due to long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. Herein, we present the case of a 36 year-old woman with Senior-Loken syndrome who underwent a 2 nd kidney transplant in 1995 and developed a paucisymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia in the early stage of the outbreak in Tuscany, Italy. The peculiarity of this case resides in the clinical presentation, as the patient did not develop a severe form of COVID-19 despite receiving immunosuppressive drugs. described a case of COVID-19 in a recipient of a 3rd deceased-donor kidney transplant pointing out the importance of atypical symptoms in the setting of an immunosuppressive therapy 6 . We also intend to underline the need for guidelines in renal transplant recipient with COVID-19 infection with particular regard to management of therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301723-zz24wmv7 author = Jotz, Geraldo Pereira title = Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1374 sentences = 96 flesch = 58 summary = title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? We recommend using masks to self-protect and to protect others around, during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in inside closed spaces as buildings and malls. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has standardized N95 face masks (►Figure 1). 12 The use of medical masks in the city, nonetheless, may create a false sense of security, with neglect of other essential measures, such as hand hygiene practices and physical distancing, and may lead to touching the face under the masks and under the eyes. 13 For any type of mask, appropriate use and disposal are essential to ensure that they are effective and to avoid any increase in transmission. Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective Jotz, Bittencourt Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301480-jk8avgky author = Brian, Riley title = How COVID-19 inspired surgical residents to rethink educational programs date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 761 sentences = 56 flesch = 51 summary = Focus group transcripts were independently reviewed by two investigators (RB and PO'S) and codes were identified using qualitative content analysis. Three major themes of discussion were identified: competencybased education, changes in teaching, and relationships. The first identified theme was competency-based education and the tension residents experienced between obtaining a certain number of cases to meet requirements and wondering if case number was the right way to determine competency. The final identified theme was relationships between surgical residents and their patients, patients' families, and faculty. Third, the pandemic affected relationships between residents and faculty. By applying what we have learned from residents' insights, we hope that we can refine surgical training and education moving forward. Insights on Otolaryngology Residency Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301762-g14aik1e author = Voutsinas, Nicholas title = Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1878 sentences = 99 flesch = 47 summary = As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. Our case series describes four patients who presented to our health system with only abdominal symptomatology but notably without respiratory or thoracic symptoms, which triggered abdominopelvic CT imaging. Excluded from this series are presumed COVID-19 patients who presented with abdominal pain and similar lung CT findings, but not confirmed positive with nasopharyngeal swab. cache = ./cache/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301734-2anqedib author = Lazzari, Grazia title = Are there overlapping clinical features between thoracic radiotherapy side effects and covid-19 pneumonia? radiation pneumonitis outside the radiation ports : three case reports date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1804 sentences = 102 flesch = 41 summary = However, at the Covid-19 pandemic time, CT findings could yield confounding reporting in case of cancer patients previously treated with thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) due to atypical radiation pneumonitis occurring outside the radiation ports. These similarities make it difficult to correctly diagnose among these diseases as occurred in our experience on three cases of atypical radiation induced pneumonitis developed few months after RT off during the Covid-19 pandemic time. [8] Studies have assessed the key role of the CT scan in diagnosis of Covid-19 patients with false negative RT-PCR results showing a 98% sensitivity in detecting and monitoring this disease. However in patients who have received thoracic radiotherapy as in our cases, similar findings could be an expression of several atypical pneumonitis occurring as side effect of chest radiation due to radiation induced lung injury (RILI). cache = ./cache/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301511-r7k8ufqx author = Issitt, Richard W title = Children with COVID-19 at a specialist centre: initial experience and outcome date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1025 sentences = 59 flesch = 47 summary = We examined a cohort of paediatric patients, presenting to Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK (a specialist children's hospital), with suspected COVID-19 to document their clinical characteristics and outcomes with regard to the presence of underlying medical conditions associated with vulnerability. 5 These data show the characteristics and outcomes of children presenting to a specialist children's hospital with clinical features of COVID-19 disease and positive testing, and confirm that some children with SARS-CoV-2 might have severe disease with requirement for intensive care admission. Of note, the reported cohort of patients are highly preselected, both for children with severe disease and for those with underlying medical conditions, and therefore the findings are not applicable to the general paediatric population. Furthermore, in children with confirmed COVID-19, the proportion of patients with underlying vulnerable conditions requiring admission to an intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation were not significantly different to those classed as nonvulnerable. cache = ./cache/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301815-83qbmc7q author = Shabani, Mahsa title = Reporting, Recording and Communication of COVID-19 Cases in Workplace: Data Protection as a Moving Target date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1755 sentences = 82 flesch = 42 summary = In response to concerns related to privacy in the context of COVID-19, recently European and national Data Protection Authorities (DPA) issued guidelines and recommendations addressing variety of issues related to processing of personal data for preventive purposes. National Data Protection Authorities in some cases adopted different approaches regarding duties in reporting and communicating the COVID-19 cases, however, they unanimously stressed importance of adopting privacy preserving approaches to avoid raising concerns about surveillance and stigmatization. One of the recurring questions in these guidelines has been related to duties and responsibilities of employers regarding recording the COVID-19 cases and disclosing the relevant information to the staff for preventive purposes. 8 9 Notably, a potential duty of the employees to report is closely related to the responsibilities of the employers in recording such cases, and eventually communicating to staff and health authorities. cache = ./cache/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301829-6yrgkx96 author = Bhardwaj, Rashmi title = Data Driven Estimation of Novel COVID-19 Transmission Risks Through Hybrid Soft-Computing Techniques date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1967 sentences = 115 flesch = 53 summary = Wavelet-based forecasting model predicts for shorter time span such as five to ten days advanced number of confirmed, death and recovered cases of China, India and USA. Study forecasted impending COVID-19 spread cases for China plus some other regions using mathematical & traditional time-series prediction models [22] . None of the authors have studied the wavelet based neuronal fuzzification hybrid model for the data of countrywise spread of COVID-19 genome. The forecast of 50-60 days ahead varying in every case helps to understand the clear picture of the pandemic spread and the manner in which the transmission rate may change in the following time periods in these three countries India, China and America. Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis cache = ./cache/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301628-m4zfib3f author = Lee, Kwan Yong title = Consensus statement on coronary intervention during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic: from the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2850 sentences = 153 flesch = 46 summary = For example, in the case of emergency diseases such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), efforts to reduce the risks to patients through rapid treatment can lead to an increase in the risk of infection of medical staff. • Disinfection procedures should be performed by staff wearing Level D PPE after the patient has left the Cath Lab. In cases of suspected patients or PUI, the disinfection methods can be modified after the screening test result is known. It is necessary to consider treatment strategies including emergency coronary interventions for patients with myocardial infarction accompanying suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection [6] [7] [8] . When an NSTEMI patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection must visit the Cath Lab, pre-and post-procedure isolation and tests for the virus are accomplished as for STEMI patients, as described above. cache = ./cache/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301900-t4y4954h author = Durotoye, Idayat title = Pertinent roles of African higher institutions in the COVID‐19 pandemic response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 70 flesch = 47 summary = 4 The Unilorin health services was setup to meet the health needs of students and staff of the University community within a clinic facility that operates in collaboration with the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, where cases that require specialist's attention are referred. First, a 3-minute in-house produced video (on COVID-19 preventive measures) was aired weekly at film shows organized for students; shared through multiple social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter; and displayed on digital devices across the university campuses. On invitation from local television and radio media houses, live interviews on COVID-19 preventive measures were organized, aired, and streamed as corporate social responsibilities. 11 In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria, a community-based rural healthcare outreach was organized to four adjourning rural communities next to the University. Using role-plays and didactic approaches within focal groups, 12 communities were educated, respectively, on good hand hygiene, 7 social distancing, good respiratory hygiene, and other COVID-19 prevention strategies 13 in their local languages. cache = ./cache/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301852-9nza3po0 author = Sears, David title = Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 59 flesch = 38 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. As COVID-19 transmission continues unabated in these settings, protecting the health and safety of correctional workers is a moral imperative and an underappreciated requirement to mitigate the pandemic's effect on incarcerated persons and surrounding communities. Although occupational health interventions should focus primarily on correctional officers given their numbers and close, sustained contact with incarcerated persons, interventions should be adapted to reduce risk for infection for all staff. To protect correctional staff and ensure that community standards of care are afforded to incarcerated populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons must: Ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect us all. cache = ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301857-56pot8f6 author = Zvizdic, Zlatan title = Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 848 sentences = 58 flesch = 40 summary = title: Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? Non-emergent surgical procedures and outpatient departments/units have been suspended in many countries, particularly in heavily affected regions, so all the hospital resources are readily available for COVID-19 patients [2] . Some authors have adopted conservative treatment approaches for COVID-19 positive patients having surgical emergencies such as acute appendicitis (AA), particularly for non-complicated forms [7, 8] reported that 45.5% of children with AA underwent non-operative treatment in one of the COVID-19 epicenters (New York) [11] . Perspectives on Pediatric Appendicitis and Appendectomy During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Antibiotics alone as an alternative to appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults: Changes in treatment modalities related to the COVID-19 health crisis Non-operative management of acute appendicitis in a pediatric patient with concomitant COVID-19 infection Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient cache = ./cache/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302067-yyw1he5j author = Roblyer, Darren title = Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3379 sentences = 179 flesch = 41 summary = Significance: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM). Conclusions: The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond. 1 Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a broad term that refers to the combination of medical devices, including wearables or portable home health monitors, with information technology solutions that allow health data to be communicated to a healthcare provider without in-person contact. 2 RPM also includes telemedicine, in which a healthcare provider communicates and potentially tracks patient health using data streams from wearable or home monitoring technologies. New optical wearables and RPM technologies have the potential to address many clinical scenarios related to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301975-hcinajry author = Proaño, Christian R. title = On the Macroeconomic and Social Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Latin America and the Developing World date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2014 sentences = 77 flesch = 45 summary = While the COVID-19 pandemic posits a signifi cant challenge to all societies around the world, it also reveals in the most dramatic manner the many abysmal differences between so-called advanced economies and the developing world. While most advanced economies have been able to readily approve and implement fi scal stimuli of a signifi cant dimension -whether the German initiatives or the $2 trillion US stimulus package -and in France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom public-sector liquidity support programmes each above 10% of the respective GDPs have been announced (International Monetary Fund, 2020, 2) , the fi scal space and the general capability of developing and low-income countries to confront the current coronavirus crisis is far more limited. First and foremost, the existing intensive care capacities, direly needed for the patients' medical treatment against COVID-19, in developing countries are dramatically behind those of advanced economies. cache = ./cache/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301800-ssdzd43t author = Atal, Shubham title = Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour? date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4509 sentences = 187 flesch = 44 summary = Based on the results, the Indian drug regulatory agency recently approved itolizumab in July 2020 for 'restricted emergency use' for the treatment of CRS in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. The Indian drug regulatory agency (Central Drug Standard Control Organisation, CDSCO) recently approved itolizumab for 'restricted emergency use' for treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19, followed by a similar approval in Cuba [1, 2] . The drug was studied in an open-label, randomized, controlled, phase II trial at four hospitals in India to assess the safety and efficacy of itolizumab in preventing CRS in moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19 [7] . The approval of itolizumab for restricted emergency use to treat COVID-19 patients with the complication of moderate to severe ARDS comes at a time when cases and hospitalizations are increasing alarmingly; the mortality has exceeded 80 thousand in India [24] . cache = ./cache/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302115-r39ser2c author = Matricardi, Paolo Maria title = The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3738 sentences = 237 flesch = 46 summary = We propose here the first model, explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10‐15 days after infection, hangs on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, Mannose Binding Lectin ). The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm) leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. All rights reserved We focused on humoral components and, in particular on natural antibodies and MBL, to ascertain whether these players of the innate immunity fit all the epidemiological and clinical pre-conditions presented in the last three months by SARS-CoV-2. Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. cache = ./cache/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302081-l9whadpi author = Yasin, El-Wajeh title = Opening Pandora’s box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1209 sentences = 84 flesch = 52 summary = title: Opening Pandora's box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients 1 Key lessons derived from the cumulative experience of Asian and European intensive care units (ICUs), which dealt with critically ill patients during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons from the previous SARS and MERS outbreaks allowed hospitals in the UK to prepare preventive measures and adopt specific processes for the COVID-19 crisis. El-Wajeh, Yasin*; Varley, Iain; Raithatha, Ajay; Glossop, Alastair; Smith, Austen; Mohammed-Ali, Ricardo Performing a conventional tracheostomy in a COVID-19 patient can be compared to the Greek myth of opening Pandora's box, which unleashed untold evils. When an ope surgical tracheostomy is performed in a COVID-19 patient, the risk of viral transmission to all the involved team members can be reduced by implementing a systematic and integrated approach with the surgeon and the intensivist/anaesthesiologist working in a synchronised manner. cache = ./cache/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301765-q7yavza2 author = Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego title = COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 911 sentences = 63 flesch = 45 summary = Most of the reports on a high incidence of thrombotic complications are in relation to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, while the evidence about arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is limited. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute 39 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first described in Wuhan, China 40 and later declared by the World Health Organization as pandemic [1] An acute 92 thrombosis of an aortic prosthetic graft in a patient with COVID-19 has been also described [8] . We reported four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients 94 with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Concomitant acute aortic thrombosis and 160 pulmonary embolism complicating COVID-19 pneumonia Acute thrombosis of an 163 aortic prosthetic graft in a patient with severe COVID-19 related pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301779-y07xjnpe author = Fox, Sharon E title = Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3284 sentences = 174 flesch = 44 summary = INTERPRETATION: We identify key pathological states, including thrombotic and microangiopathic pathology in the lungs, that contributed to death in patients with severe COVID-19 and decompensation in this demographic. Evidence before this study We reviewed the single study of autopsy in a COVID-19 positive patient by Z Xu and colleagues, published in this journal, and reports of pathology from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and similar viral infections by J Nicholls. Previous evidence [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] reports viral infection causing activation of both maladaptive cytokine pathways and a platelet response, and our findings suggest that these immune functions might be related to severe forms of COVID-19. We do not have evidence of direct infection of megakaryocytes by SARS-CoV-2, but the abundance of these cells in the lungs at autopsy is probably related to the abundance of small, sometimes platelet-rich thrombi, and foci of haemorrhage. cache = ./cache/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301921-i1o18nmw author = Sernicola, Alvise title = How to Deal With Post-viral Cutaneous Eruptions in the Era of Coronavirus Infection date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1144 sentences = 53 flesch = 41 summary = In our routine clinical practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, we are observing a growing number of post viral cutaneous eruptions in apparently healthy individuals in the second or third decade of life that we feel is remarkable compared to the usual local epidemiology of this season. A dermatopathologist from our country has shared the report of skin biopsies performed on two patients with COVID-19 disease, matching the histology of Giannotti-Crosti syndrome, that is a non-specific manifestation of a viral infection (11) . These observations hint at the possible role of specific genetic factors that, while a predisposition to the development of skin eruptions, may protect from severely symptomatic presentations of coronavirus infection. In our current cases of atypical skin eruptions, in which a relationship with conventional viral agents has been ruled out by laboratory testing and clinical history, molecular testing with PCR could be performed on pharynx swabs to support the hypothesis of a possible association with the novel coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302113-xqmvix1o author = Aacharya, Ramesh Prasad title = Ethical dimensions of stigma and discrimination in Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 86 flesch = 49 summary = Quarantine of the potentially infected and isolation of positive patients is the standard management of COVID-19 but health care providers must be aware of the socio-cultural implications, and potential for stigmatisation which could inadvertently affect certain population [2] . Ethical issues in the national context of Nepal during the pandemic COVID-19 particularly after the public health measures in relation to stigma and discrimination to health care professionals and patients are discussed. As personal protective equipment (PPE) were inadequate and health care professionals were at risk while collecting swab samples and caring the suspected cases in isolation ward, the government decided to disburse 1 million rupees to 25 hospitals to help them run fever clinics. Immediately after the lockdown decision of the government, hospitals throughout the country stopped regular services and the public perception was that only the patients with COVID-19 will J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 | P a g e be taken care of. cache = ./cache/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301771-43fl2gwp author = Ouassou, Hayat title = The Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation and Prevention date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3866 sentences = 179 flesch = 45 summary = The causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the World Health Organization (WHO) named the new epidemic disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Several coronaviruses can infect humans, like the globally endemic human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 that tend to cause mild respiratory disease, and the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that have a higher case fatality rate [2] . After the diagnosis of SARS-Cov2 infection was made, the prevention and quarantine are considered as the most way to stop the fast spreading of the virus, because there is no effective vaccine, drugs, or antiviral to prevent and treat this disease despite the great efforts made by the scientists and researchers around the world to develop vaccines and treatments of coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302131-w10y5sf9 author = Barrocas, Albert title = Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3753 sentences = 214 flesch = 44 summary = The authors provide suggestions for management of nutrition support resources and how multidisciplinary bioethics or triage committees can help direct decisions. In addition, some healthcare professionals providing care to critically ill patients with COVID-19 may not be acquainted with the various nutrition products, adding to inappropriate utilization, scarcity, and potential complications. The following concepts are proposed for healthcare providers and institutions to consider in resource allocation decisions, based on 3 recently published articles. For example, if a hospital has fewer numbers of enteral nutrition (EN) pumps or supplies than there are patients requiring pump-assisted feedings, the nutrition support professionals would need to provide guidance on EN-pump allocation. Ethical dilemmas related to the care of patients in the COVID-19 pandemic need to be rapidly addressed by multidisciplinary bioethics committees, with the development of policies and procedures to assist providers in making difficult allocation decisions. cache = ./cache/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301730-flv5lnv8 author = Pandey, Anamika title = Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7101 sentences = 346 flesch = 50 summary = Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. Medicinal plant extracts have been reported to impede the replication of several viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), poxvirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (Vermani and Garg, 2002; Kotwal et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2006) . Different researchers are investigating diverse plant forms based on ethnopharmacological data to find effective anti-CoV drugs with novel action mechanisms especially targeting viral replication. Moreover, creating an effective phyto-anti-COVID drug during this pandemic may provide an idea on the duration and the strategy required for the development of potent plant-based therapeutics in case of such random viral outbreaks (Figure 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301946-erzh30mt author = Kwak-Kim, Joanne title = COVID-19 and immunomodulation treatment for women with reproductive failures date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5604 sentences = 335 flesch = 42 summary = With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patient care has been significantly challenged not only for the COVID-19 cases but for the others, including pregnant women with a history of reproductive failures (RF), such as recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), repeated implantation failures (RIF), with immune etiologies including autoimmune diseases, cellular immune dysfunction, and rheumatic conditions. SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), which caused the SARS outbreak in 2003, infects macrophages and T cells (Perlman and Dandekar 2005) and induces various cytokines, such as type I IFN, TNF-α, IL-1, etc., and B cell-related antibodies (Prompetchara et al. With the currently available data, it is unlikely that the use of IVIg in patients with RFI will impact the chances of contracting the disease or negatively affect the clinical course in women with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. cache = ./cache/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 author = Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros title = Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4080 sentences = 281 flesch = 53 summary = Given the regional disparities in incidence and mortality in the general population, we aimed to describe local characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Montreal. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Our aim was to describe the demographics, presentation, treatments, and outcomes of a cohort of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a large academic ICU in Montreal, Canada. Critically ill patients with limitations of care excluding IMV had a high non-invasive ventilation failure rate (70%) and a high mortality rate (69%). Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation had a high failure rate (70%) when used in critically ill patients with limitations of care excluding IMV. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Vancouver, Canada: a case series cache = ./cache/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301833-q8jiep32 author = Peres, Karina Colombera title = Body Mass Index and Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection. A Systematic Review date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3691 sentences = 234 flesch = 48 summary = Nine studies (two prospective cohorts, four retrospective cohorts and three cross-sectional) were included and assessed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 prognosis. Most of the included studies showed some degree of association to: (a) higher BMI and worse clinical presentation and (b) obesity and need of hospitalization. Based on limited methodological quality studies, obesity seems to predict poor clinical evolution in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we perform a systematic review in order to evaluate if overweight and obesity may predict poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. We reviewed data from 17,568 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, included in nine studies. Most of these studies highlighted some level of association between obesity and disease severity, encompassing hospitalization rate, admission to ICU, invasive ventilation need and mortality. Once younger patients generally do not represent higher risk for a severe presentation of COVID-19, authors suggest that obesity may be an unrecognized risk factor for hospital care. cache = ./cache/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301943-qdtfjdxr author = Javelot, H title = Panique et pandémie: revue de la littérature sur les liens entre le trouble panique et l'épidémie à SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4740 sentences = 393 flesch = 53 summary = Résumé L'état de panique associé à la pandémie liée au SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) incite à s'interroger sur les troubles anxieux que cette situation pourrait générer ou aggraver. D'éventuelles situations co-morbides entre un tel trouble et la COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) doivent inciter à certaines précautions en matière de prescriptions médicamenteuses, notamment en lien avec les traitements, ou situations, sources d'hypokaliémie : (i) le salbutamol, source potentielle de surconsommation, notamment chez les patients anxieux, (ii) l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 et plus encore en cas de diarrhées et/ou vomissements. D'éventuelles situations co-morbides entre un tel trouble et la COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) doivent inciter à certaines précautions en matière de prescriptions médicamenteuses, notamment en lien avec les traitements, ou situations, sources d'hypokaliémie : (i) le salbutamol, source potentielle de surconsommation, notamment chez les patients anxieux, (ii) l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 et plus encore en cas de diarrhées et/ou vomissements. cache = ./cache/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302195-25gjbyi1 author = Al Huraimel, Khalid title = SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7089 sentences = 386 flesch = 50 summary = This article aims to examine the latest investigations on SARS-CoV-2 plausible environmental transmission modes, employment of wastewater surveillance for early detection of COVID-19, and elucidating the role of solid waste, water, and atmospheric quality on viral infectivity. There is no conclusive evidence for aerosol or faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 despite several researchers considering them as plausible routes that may explain the high infectivity and global spread of COVID-19 (Chen et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a) . From the literature studied, concerns of COVID-19 infection through environmental contact pertain mainly to areas that lack proper sanitation and wastewater treatment, lack adequate solid waste management infrastructure, in areas where raw sewage is discharged directly into natural water bodies, and in cities where air pollution is problematic.  Robust evidence is needed to assess impact of air pollution, solid waste management, and sewage contamination of water bodies on COVID-19 spread and infectivity. cache = ./cache/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301828-qux5hvcw author = Khalifa, Ibrahim title = Tannins inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL(pro): An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2519 sentences = 146 flesch = 43 summary = We therefore theoretically studied and docked the effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on SARS‐CoV‐2 by assembling with the catalytic dyad residues of its 3CL(pro) using molecular operating environment (MOE 09). Likewise, tannin-type compounds, such as epiacutissimins A and B, castalin, vescalin, chebulagic acid, and punicalagin showed anti-herpesvirus activity via targeting viral glycoprotein-glycosaminoglycan binding to inhibit access and cell-to-cell feast (Lin et al., 2011; Aires, 2020 The current study was designed to find out a potent inhibitor against COVID-19 from 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins which could target the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approaches (molecular docking and drug-likeness scan). Among these hydrolysable tannins, pedunculagin, strongly interacted with the catalytic dyad residues (Cys-145 and His-41) of SARS-CoV-2-3CL pro , with sense binding affinity, docking score, and ADMET properties. Herein, we screened the structural relationship activity of 19 hydrolysable tannins as potential antiviral components and we chose the top three hits that may inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and hence virus copying. cache = ./cache/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301934-l0gfangp author = Amin, Kritika Premnath title = Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2554 sentences = 152 flesch = 44 summary = Given the apparent considerable increase in online gaming and the occupational and/or educational disruption it may cause for some individuals, it is important to maintain a healthy work/life balance during the COVID-19 crisis. The proposed model of lifestyle balance by Matuska and Christiansen (2008) suggests five aspects (i.e., health and physical safety; having rewarding and self-affirming relationships; feeling interested, engaged, challenged, and competent; creating meaning and positive personal identity; and organizing time and energy to meet personal goals). Here, we recommend the following strategies to maintain occupational and/or educational balance in times of challenge due to lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic. When these routines are disrupted due to excessive engagement in online gaming, it may lead to occupational and/or educational imbalance inducing stress, anxiety, and various mental health issues (Brown and Hollis 2013) . cache = ./cache/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301873-50ym0rdm author = García, Juan Manuel Picardo title = COVID-19 en residencias de mayores: una asignatura pendiente date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2143 sentences = 211 flesch = 53 summary = Ello se debe a varias causas: a un espacio vital que, en ocasiones, puede estar saturado con pocos metros por habitante; a una ventilación inadecuada y una higiene deficiente si se compara con las medidas higiénicas recomendadas para hacer frente al COVID-19 (por ejemplo, la fijación de este coronavirus en objetos metálicos como andadores y objetos de plástico de uso compartido); y a la falta de un personal cualificado para el control de la infección y, en particular, para prevenir la transmisión del COVID-19. Estos factores puedan haber agravado el impacto del COVID-19 en las residencias de nuestro entorno, unido a la falta de recursos básicos para el control de infecciones como los equipos de protección individual (EPIs) y de tests para la detección y el seguimiento activo de las personas infectadas. Las residencias geriátricas deben adoptar medidas proactivas para proteger la salud de los residentes, personal y visitantes. cache = ./cache/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302163-0jav84zw author = Anastassopoulou, Cleo title = Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4823 sentences = 212 flesch = 41 summary = We searched PubMed/MEDLINE for all Englishlanguage original articles or reviews reporting on potential associations between human genetic factors and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity, up to August 12, 2020 (with updating as of September 11, 2020, during the revision of the manuscript). The search was performed using all combinations of terms related to the novel coronavirus and the disease (e.g., "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," and "COVID-19") on the one hand, and terms concerning susceptibility to infection or disease severity (e.g., "polymorphisms," "allelic variation," "genetic predisposition," "genotype," "clinical outcome") as well as the names of individual genes in which relevant polymorphisms were found (e.g., "TLR7," "ACE2"), on the other. A recently published comparative genetic analysis of approximately 81,000 human genomes across different populations suggested possible associations of coding region variants of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and clinical outcomes [49] . cache = ./cache/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302228-n5o6jfs2 author = Lodise, Thomas P. title = COVID‐19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1935 sentences = 113 flesch = 50 summary = A number of novel and repurposed therapies agents with activity against SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and most institutions have developed clinical pathways to operationalize their use in appropriate COVID-19 patients.1-3 However, optimal drug therapy decisions for those with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections are extremely challenging at this time as evidence is limited. A number of novel and repurposed therapies agents with activity against SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, and most institutions have developed clinical pathways to operationalize their use in appropriate COVID-19 patients. If data are amassed on COVID-19 patients, it is important that detailed information is collected on the outcomes associated with the treatment strategies used at our respective institutions. Despite data suggesting that lopinavir-ritonavir was active against SARS-CoV-2 infection, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment versus standard care in a study of hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302173-536mjzy6 author = Li, Chaowei title = Clinical characteristics of chronic liver disease with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a cohort study in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2462 sentences = 146 flesch = 54 summary = Furthermore, COX regression model analyses suggested that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was an independent predictor of mortality risk (P < 0.001) in the CLD group. There were no significant differences observed in demographics, initial common symptoms, laboratory findings without lymphocyte count, PLT, INR, Glu IL-6 or PCT levels, liver function and treatment when comparing the two groups (P > 0.05; Table 1 regression analyses were performed to explore risk factors for death in the CLD group. COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD showed a prolong LOS, slightly liver injuries and higher mortality rates compared to general COVID-19 patients. The most important finding was that the NLR was associated with mortality and severity, suggesting it as a potential indicator for poor prognosis in CLD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. This retrospective study revealed that COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD showed a longer LOS, slight liver injuries and higher mortality compared to general COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302244-uwicyuhk author = Hoilat, Gilles J title = Percutaneous Mechanical Pulmonary Thrombectomy in a Patient With Pulmonary Embolism as a First Presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1194 sentences = 74 flesch = 53 summary = We present a case of a healthy 32-year-old male with no past medical history who presented with shortness of breath, tested positive for COVID-19, and was found to have a large acute saddle pulmonary embolism. Recent findings revealed that patients with severe cases of COVID19 who are admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure had a predominant hypercoagulable state leading to thromboembolism [1] . We present a case of a healthy patient who presented to the hospital with dyspnea, was found to be COVID-19 positive, and was diagnosed with an acute saddle pulmonary embolism. The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 remains unknown [6] . Our patient was a healthy male who presented with no risk factors for thromboembolic disease and no symptoms of viral pneumonia but still developed a large saddle embolism. cache = ./cache/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301947-b6nwaost author = Millán-Oñate, José title = Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient from Colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3699 sentences = 205 flesch = 48 summary = We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported patient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia that recovered in Colombia, after the use of chloroquine and clarithromycin. It is essential to acknowledge that no good controlled data are supporting the use of any of these agents, except for a recent randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, that showed no benefit with lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/RTV) treatment beyond standard care [13] . We present a confirmed case of COVID-19 from Buga, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, that successful recovered of SARS-CoV-2 infection after receiving chloroquine. Although that just based in one case, we cannot recommend the use of these drugs, our patient improved significantly, and his clinical manifestations ceased, including becoming negative for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as observed in the rRT-PCR test. cache = ./cache/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302304-wc40gouw author = Wilson, M.P. title = Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 483 sentences = 40 flesch = 47 summary = title: Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging The most frequently reported symptoms in a recent meta-analysis of 46,248 infected patients include fever (91%), cough (67%), fatigue (51%), and dyspnea (30%). 1 However, a recent review has demonstrated that gastrointestinal symptoms including anorexia (40e50%), diarrhea (2e50%), vomiting (4e67%), nausea (1e29%), abdominal pain (2e6%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (4e14%) may also occur in patients with COVID-19. 5 The rise in reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms related to COVID-19 has important potential implications for radiographers. Secondly, radiographers should be prepared that the number of requests for COVID-19 related abdominal imaging may increase. Abdominal organs with high concentrations of ACE2 expression may be theoretically vulnerable to COVID-19 related infections. At the present time, there are no known imaging reports of COVID-19 related inflammatory changes in these abdominal organs. cache = ./cache/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301983-aks5z29t author = Vakili, K. title = Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3820 sentences = 240 flesch = 56 summary = The main clinical complications of COVID-19 are related to respiratory system, from a simple pneumonia in mild cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and shock in severe patients. To be included in the final analysis, screened studies must report data on the prevalence of each clinical complication in COVID-19 patients, including ARDS, acute heart damage, arrhythmia, heart failure and AKI. For all studies, related data including the name of the first author, date of publication, location of publication, sample size, sample age, sample gender, prevalence of symptoms (including: fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and diarrhea), critical complications (including: ARDS, acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, heart failure, and AKI) and clinical outcomes (mortality rate) were extracted. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302127-1abupl36 author = Vokó, Zoltán title = The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3197 sentences = 141 flesch = 41 summary = Recently published COVID-19 microsimulation models based on social network data in the UK and USA revealed that epidemic suppression would require a complex intervention package including social distancing of the entire population, home isolation of cases, and household quarantine of their family members, supplemented with school closure, in intermittent periods adjusted to epidemic intensity and unoccupied critical care capacity (Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team Report 9 2020; Kucharski et al. Our research aims were to identify the date when the COVID-19 pandemic started declining in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of community mobility restrictions (social distancing) with the observed extent of decline in the national epidemics. To SDI social distance index, SD standard deviation prevent COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes and other chronic care facilities enriching high-risk elderly patient groups, effective local infection control measures are clearly more relevant than general interventions targeting the country population as a whole, without specific focus on critical hot spots of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302279-d1or6wty author = Kang, Chuanyuan title = Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 796 sentences = 40 flesch = 53 summary = title: Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak With the global outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (Wang et al., 2020) , different quarantine policies have been implemented in different countries in order to control the epidemic in time. While the epidemic continues to ravage most of countries, becoming a worldwide public health emergency, and social isolation will be required for the whole society, the patients with chronic severe diseases would suffer from more and more difficulties. Now the outbreak is under control for China since the middle of March, many patients flood into hospitals seeking for help, however, because some medical staffs from other provinces are still in Hubei or in the quarantine last for14 days, in addition to the shortage of medical supplies, so medical physicians can only take care of some patients physically. Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302254-egt9qdib author = Amaral-Prado, Heloísa Monteiro title = The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3750 sentences = 190 flesch = 48 summary = AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. Given the expected impact of the situation due the confinement and COVID-19 crisis, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Graduate students exhibited higher scores for perceived stress and depressive signs and lower resilience scores in the period before COVID-19 when compared to employees and professors. cache = ./cache/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302271-js06pel9 author = Primorac, Dragan title = Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1799 sentences = 94 flesch = 49 summary = Croatian Football Federation, with its Medical Committee, is launching a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players with a particular emphasis on diagnosing COVID-19 before returning to training and competitive football. the list of medical examinations that players must undergo in order to be eligible to participate in UEFA competitions, we hereby propose a model for screening professional football players returning to the field after the lift of the ban on all sport activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides pre-season physical examination (primarily 12-lead ECG, spirometry with bronchodilatation test, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test) and medical examination defined by the UEFA Medical Regulations (for the next season), we are proposing that every football player from the Croatian first National League must have negative consecutive two RT-qPCR COVID-19 pharyngeal swabs over a 5-day interval. In addition to limiting the potential of viral spread with the start of regular sport activities, the results of this screening protocol will allow us to estimate how many football players have been infected nationally. cache = ./cache/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302310-16myb2n5 author = Steffens, Ines title = A hundred days into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1843 sentences = 98 flesch = 50 summary = International organisations such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control have used novel technologies and open access resources as well as official reporting data to trace the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of studies in various settings determined the basic reproductive number R 0 to be within the range of 2-3 [9, 10] ; the incubation period was determined as ranging from 1 to 14 days with an average of 5-6 days; transmission through droplets was established as the main mode of transmission; the clinical picture that emerged included a wide range from mild symptoms with fever, sore throat and cough to severe pneumonias with characteristic features on computed tomography scans; in Hubei, China, up to 13.8% of laboratory-confirmed patients had severe disease, 6.1% were critically ill and the case fatality rate among all COVID-19 cases was 2.3% [11] . The WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January and a pandemic on 11 March [18, 19] . First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures cache = ./cache/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302159-exexcag6 author = Wei, Yanqiu title = Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3055 sentences = 151 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, thousands of patients with fever or cough were flocked into fever clinic of designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. RESULTS: The nucleic acid positive rate for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the outpatients from our fever clinic was 67·1%, while the majority of COVID‐19 patients were mild cases. This study is designed to analyze the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in patients visiting fever clinic in Wuhan, and to compare the clinical features between COVID-19 and nucleic acid negative patients based on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT scan results. Similarly, once patients only manifest bilateral lung ground-glass changes and eosinophil count below the normal level, the possibility for a positive result in nucleic acid assay could also reach 77.0% (95% CI: 71.0-83.0) ( Table 4) . Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302393-hrz3bypr author = Omrani, Ali S. title = The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4533 sentences = 269 flesch = 52 summary = Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. In this study, we describe 60-day outcomes of a nationwide COVID-19 cohort from Qatar, and explore patient characteristics associated with the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In the multivariable logistic regression, we found that older age, male sex, co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and higher BMI were all independently associated with increased risk of need for ICU admission ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302319-61zcicvo author = Abdelaziz, Hesham K title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1616 sentences = 92 flesch = 55 summary = Abstract The current study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient-related delay with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom. The study demonstrated a significant delay in symptom-to-first medical contact and a higher cardiac troponin-I level on admission in patients with STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the pre-COVID era. 5 The current study represents the experience of a tertiary cardiac center in the United Kingdom in regard to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with STEMI. This is a retrospective, observational study that included all patients, 18-90 years of age, who presented with STEMI via emergency medical service (EMS) or through the Accident and Emergency department at our tertiary cardiac center and in whom primary PCI was performed. The current study highlights the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient presenting with STEMI, especially in regard to patient-related delay, one of the key factors in the pre-hospital logistics of care. cache = ./cache/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302336-zj3oixvk author = Clift, Ash K title = Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7352 sentences = 320 flesch = 44 summary = 13 The use of primary care datasets with linkage to registries such as death records, hospital admissions data, and covid-19 testing results represents a novel approach to clinical risk prediction modelling for covid-19. Patients entered the cohort on 24 January 2020 (date of first confirmed case of covid-19 in the UK) and were followed up until they had the outcome of interest or the end of the first study period (30 April 2020), which was the date up to which linked data were available at the time of the derivation of the model, or the second time period (1 May 2020 until 30 June 2020) for the temporal cohort validation. 25 D statistics (a discrimination measure that quantifies the separation in survival between patients with different levels of predicted risks) and Harrell's C statistics (a discrimination metric that quantifies the extent to which people with higher risk scores have earlier events) were evaluated at 97 days (the maximum followup period available at the time of the derivation of the model) and 60 days for the second temporal validation, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. cache = ./cache/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 author = Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques title = COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3336 sentences = 205 flesch = 49 summary = Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. . Although a decision to administer remdesivir for compassionate use was based on the case patient's worsening clinical status, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of remdesivir and any other investigational agents for treatment of patients with 2019-nCoV infection." The authors interpreted their results in the following terms: "In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. As earlier mentioned, controversial results have been published on the efficacy of treatments associating hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for French patients hospitalized for moderate [31] or severe [32, 33] COVID-19 infection. Lopinavir-ritonavir alone or combined with arbidol in the treatment of 73 hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A pilot retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302321-6x7hyald author = Qiao, Shan title = Disparity in HIV Service Interruption in the Outbreak of COVID-19 in South Carolina date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5000 sentences = 281 flesch = 52 summary = Most of clinics reported that the providers and staff were working from home using Virtual Private Network (VPN) for access to Provide Enterprise (Ryan White data reporting " "Restricting face-to-face visits, restricting patients only to building." "Closed for 14 days; M is checking and responding to emails remotely" "Currently, offices are operating on normal hours with some limited closures for evening hours based on staffing per day." "As of May 18, 2020 New Horizon Family Health Services will begin seeing patients in the office setting with continued reduced hours of operation." "Office is closed. We are accepting new referral for HIV treatment and primary care." "Prevention services continue to be available by appt only; however, they began providing testing services at alternative sites on June 1." "Patients who must have face-to-face appointment with provider we are still open." "Are limiting patients coming to the office and exploring other options such as the Healow app and telehealth visits. cache = ./cache/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302384-gljfslhs author = Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K. title = Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4544 sentences = 263 flesch = 53 summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Thus, this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of KSA residents, toward COVID-19 during the pandemic spike. To the researchers' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate COVID-19 KAP, and associated sociodemographic characteristics among the general population of the KSA. Respondents adopted good and safe practices, as a result of Saudi Arabia's health authorities providing education and outreach materials, to increase public understating of the disease, and influence behavioral change. Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Population in Saudi Arabia cache = ./cache/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302382-eifh95zm author = Owji, Hajar title = Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19 date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11312 sentences = 606 flesch = 40 summary = Active immunization through vaccines, interferon administration, passive immunotherapy by convalescent plasma or synthesized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as immunomodulatory drugs, are different immunotherapeutic approaches that will be mentioned in this review. Nevertheless, the similarity of severe respiratory failure induced by SARS-CoV-2 to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the deterioration of patients' conditions in around a week following the first symptoms implicate the role of immunity dysregulation in COVID-19 profile [6] . Subsequently, plasma transfusion was recommended as a safe and effective way for the prevention or treatment of the Ebola virus in 2014 and also several other severe viral infections, including MERS, SARS-CoV, and avian influenza A [35, 36] . CP extracted from the SARS-COV-2 survivors may be a promising approach for the protection of COVID-19 patients with antibody deficiency before the development of an effective vaccine [44] . cache = ./cache/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302413-7a80jff2 author = Brown, Timothy S. title = The Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Electively Scheduled HIP and KNEE Arthroplasty Patients in THE United States date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1851 sentences = 116 flesch = 61 summary = Although 85% of patients understood and agreed with the cancellation of elective surgeries as part of public health measures to curb the spread of pandemic, almost 90% of patients plan to reschedule as soon as possible. Patients suffering from pain of hip and knee arthritis continue to struggle with their end-stage disease and despite anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic, plan to undergo arthroplasty as soon as possible. The aim of the current study was to 43 identify hip and knee arthroplasty patients across many different institutions in the United States 44 that had their scheduled primary joint replacement postponed or canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic guidelines for elective surgery, and assess their pain, anxiety, physical function, and 46 economic ability to undergo a delayed operation once the threat of COVID-19 has subsided. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients scheduled for primary elective hip or knee 57 arthroplasty in the Spring of 2020 who had their surgery postponed or canceled due to the 58 COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302252-3hgy4msc author = Yoon, Soon Ho title = Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea date = 2020-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2616 sentences = 139 flesch = 47 summary = title: Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea OBJECTIVE: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. Early radiologic investigations consistently reported that the typical computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with a peripheral and posterior lung distribution (4) (5) (6) . The proportion of patients with abnormal initial radiographic findings was 78.3-82.4% in SARS (15, 16) and 83.6% in MERS (17), but only 33% in our cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. In conclusion, COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea generally manifested as pure GGO to mixed GGO and consolidative lesions in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. cache = ./cache/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302214-ubepkkto author = Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel title = Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1721 sentences = 106 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: At the onset of the Covid-19 outbreak, Malaysia had initiated travel restrictions and quarantine; but with a persistent increase in new Covid-19 cases, the Movement Control Order was finally rolled out on 18 March 2020, requiring closure of all businesses except those providing essential services and items. The measures started with entry restriction of selective foreign nationals into Malaysia, as well as self-quarantine of Malaysian and non-Malaysian citizens returning from Covid-19 hotspots, and culminated with the passing and execution of the Movement Control Order (MCO) (Immigration Department of Malaysia 2020; Ministry of Health 2020; Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia 2020a). The notable decrease of daily new Covid-19 cases after 14 April (Fig. 1) can very likely be attributed to improved compliance to the MCO through more stringent enforcement, in addition to continuous medical screening and tracking of suspected contacts with the Covid-19 infected individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302497-5tydrrz1 author = Bukhari, Nadia title = Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1988 sentences = 106 flesch = 52 summary = Community pharmacists and their teams are a vital healthcare provider during the outbreak; they remain on the frontline of public health by serving as direct points of access for their patients. Community pharmacists also continue to play their role towards public uninterrupted for regular supplies of medicines, as well as supporting governments [6] for disseminating information on precautions related to COVID-19 spread including hand washing technique to availability of face masks and instructions for their proper use and disposal. Likewise, by contributing in the prevention, preparedness and response to COVID-19 pandemic community pharmacists are delivering their role towards public health in dealing with this crisis [9] . Similarly a different set of attributes then the routine conditions were observed in the pharmaceutical care provided by the Chinese Community pharmacists in dealing with the pandemic situation including maintaining controlled work environment, provision of information and necessary medical supplies as well as ensuring the regular medication and counselling are managed at best to avoid undue patient visits to healthcare facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author = Brock, Rebecca L. title = Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5238 sentences = 257 flesch = 41 summary = The primary aims of this article were to (a) present a range of potential solutions to problems threatening the rigor of ongoing research and (b) propose new directions in family science aimed at understanding how families adapt to change and adversity arising from the pandemic. An example with particular relevance to family science is the Two-Method Missing Design, an approach used when there is a gold standard measure of a construct (e.g., behavioral observations of family interactions) that cannot be administered to all participants due to time, money, resources, or, in the case of COVID-19, social distancing guidelines. Drawing on past research and theory, we can investigate the specific impact of the stress and adversity arising from COVID-19 on individual mental health and family functioning and identify modifiable risk and resiliency factors to target in interventions. In the absence of ongoing longitudinal studies, the COVID-19 pandemic presents another avenue for family scientists to pursue new research on the impact of stress and adversity on family functioning. cache = ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302431-13hperkz author = Blanchard, Janice title = For us, COVID‐19 is personal date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1260 sentences = 85 flesch = 63 summary = As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. For example, appropriate as they are, social distancing mandates and increased testing for COVID-19 will not yield the expected outcomes if we do not make tangible efforts to address the clear patterns in racial disparities that have emerged. 8 COVID-19 has highlighted many of the social disparities that exist for communities of color. 9 It is time that we address the social issues that lead to the alarming rates of COVID-19 in our communities. cache = ./cache/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302316-raf5rlkq author = Brüssow, Harald title = COVID‐19: From pathogenesis models to the first drug trials date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6944 sentences = 350 flesch = 44 summary = US researchers studied the viral and cellular transcriptional response upon infection of cell cultures and in animal models with different respiratory viruses including influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. A French study randomizing 181 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia on hydroxychloroquine or placebo, observed, however, no significant effect of treatment on transfer to ICU, mortality, or in the prevention of development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (Mah evas et al., 2020). A total of 86 COVID-19 cases of patients from China with mild/moderate disease were randomized on the antiviral lopinavir (an inhibitor of HIV protease combined with ritonavir, which prolongs the presence of drugs in the body) or the antiviral arbidol (an influenza virus fusion inhibitor only registered in Russia) or in a control group in a 2:2:1 ratio. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302442-jhio7mrl author = Chrzanowski, Wojciech title = Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4158 sentences = 180 flesch = 38 summary = Stem cell therapies and, more recently, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as new promising treatments, which could attenuate inflammation but also regenerate the lung damage caused by COVID-19. In this review article, we outline the mechanisms of cytokine storm and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to COVID-19 disease and how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted EVs can be utilized to tackle this damage by harnessing their regenerative properties, which gives them potential enhanced clinical utility compared to other investigated pharmacological treatments. The safety profile and efficacy of MSCs are well-established based on the results from a number of completed clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of these therapies in lung diseases such as ARDS (Matthay et al., 2019; and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Namba, 2019) , cardiovascular diseases (Kim et al., 2015; Suvakov et al., 2020) , diabetes (Thakkar et al., 2015; Cho et al., 2018) , and spinal cord injury (Xu and Yang, 2019) . cache = ./cache/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302513-u9n56pnb author = Breitinger, Scott title = Key Opportunities for the COVID-19 Response to Create a Path to Sustainable Telemedicine Services date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1270 sentences = 77 flesch = 46 summary = During the COVID-19 era, telemedicine has been an essential method to ensure the continuation of health care services while allowing for social distancing and reducing rates of COVID-19 transmission. With the increased exposure and comfort with virtual health care amongst patients and providers, the demand for expanded access to telehealth services is not likely to wane once the pandemic has passed. 8 Loosening restrictions on telehealth reimbursement under COVID-19 emergency orders has resulted in a dramatic expansion of virtual care, which has allowed for providing crucial medical services to vulnerable patient populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Federal legislation could be used to redefine the "place of service." Instead of the site of the patient arbitrarily defined as the virtual place of service, the site of the clinician redefined as the site of care delivery would alleviate the need for providers to have multiple state licenses to practice telemedicine. The expansion of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed many providers and patients to experience better access to effective care. cache = ./cache/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302526-g70hhisy author = English, W. title = Investigation and management of suspected appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 664 sentences = 54 flesch = 50 summary = authors: English, W.; Habib Bedwani, N.; Smith, C.; Shatkar, V. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread change to the organization and delivery of emergency general surgery services in the United Kingdom 1,2 . We prospectively collected data on the investigation and management of patients with suspected appendicitis between 26 March and 6 May 2020. We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing appendicectomy (28 February -25 March 2020) to compare our operative approach and histology. Our primary outcome was to determine if SARS CoV-2 diagnosis altered the management of appendicitis, secondary outcomes included; negative appendicectomy rate (NAR), length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate. There was a difference in LOS between patients undergoing conservative versus operative management for appendicitis (1 versus 3 days; P = 0⋅066 non-significant). The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented demand on health services demonstrating a need for data on its effect on surgical care and outcomes 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302517-7vmyxbe9 author = Díaz-Pérez, Carolina title = Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1559 sentences = 103 flesch = 39 summary = title: Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 We present two critically ill patients with COVID-19 who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. CONCLUSION: Acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. Although the most common findings in stroke are focal neurological deficits, ischemic lesions in those patients might be due to multifocal and distal vessel occlusions which could more frequently manifest as an altered mental status [9] . In conclusion, acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients and should be specially considered in those with suspected COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. cache = ./cache/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302535-rnmftg3j author = van Blokland, I. V. title = Using symptom-based case predictions to identify host genetic factors that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5977 sentences = 358 flesch = 51 summary = The three cohorts with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) test outcomes available (Helix, Lifelines and NTR) were used in an attempt to improve the Menni COVID-19 prediction model. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 doi: medRxiv preprint performed forward and backward stepwise logistic regression in the Lifelines COVID-19 Cohort to construct the model most predictive for a positive test outcome (p-in = 0.10 and p-out = 0.10). Using self-reported symptoms of 56 positive and 586 negative test outcome cases in the Lifelines cohort, we next attempted to improve on the Menni COVID-19 prediction model. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 doi: medRxiv preprint Next, we examined whether previously reported genetic associations with common viral infections share any overlap with the variants identified by our GWAS on COVID-19 susceptibility. The different cut-offs and symptoms that were used by the Generation Scotland, Helix, Lifelines and NTR cohorts when applying the Menni COVID-19 prediction model to the datasets prior to running the GWAS. cache = ./cache/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302451-irb7rj7d author = Ssentongo, Anna E title = Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 193 flesch = 42 summary = We aimed to estimate the association of RAAS inhibitors, including ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) with COVID-19 mortality risk in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis, with prior use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with lower risk mortality from COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. ► The findings of this systematic review and metaanalysis suggest that prior use of RAAS inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality by 35% in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID19 disease and congested heart failure, may upregulate ACE2 expression and thus could increase the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. 6 Comparison with other studies This review provides up-to-date results for the contribution of RAAS-inhibitor use on the lower risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19 by synthesising a large number of recently published studies. In this meta-analysis, prior use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with a lower risk mortality from COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. cache = ./cache/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302463-uw7xantz author = AĞALAR, Canan title = Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3814 sentences = 197 flesch = 54 summary = During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) carries a high risk for society and healthcare providers (HCP) because it can be transmitted even when the disease progresses asymptomatically in some patients [1] . European Centre of Diseases and Prevention Control (ECDC) states that if there is a shortage of FFP2/FFP3, if the HCP will be in contact with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 case, if there is no risk of aerosol transmission, surgical masks (alongside eye protection, gown, and gloves) can be used. However, ECDC states that if the HCP will be performing procedures like sample collecting that will generate aerosol, they should use FFP2/FFP3 masks that provide high-level protection [7] . Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302625-evpw6o02 author = Gaspar, Heloisa Amaral title = Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 324 sentences = 30 flesch = 59 summary = title: Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis The high prevalence of this combination, associated with physical environments that provide inadequate barriers to infection control, place patients in long-term care facilities at great risk. There are several reports worldwide about the high mortality related to COVID-19 among residents of long-term care institutions, showing they account for 25% of deaths from COVID-19, in the United States. (3) In Brazil, much of post-acute care and long-term chronic patient care is provided at home. Our organization provided home care to 2,931 patients in the first 3 months of the pandemic and reported only 31 cases of COVID-19 (1%) and six deaths. The low incidence of COVID-19 in this population reinforces that home care protects patients and lessens the risk of infections. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a long-term care facility in King Country Mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence cache = ./cache/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302659-2hyiz5dr author = Young, H. A. title = Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 375 sentences = 24 flesch = 58 summary = title: Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 The purpose was to determine if counties with higher proportions of population employed in meat processing had higher incidence of COVID-19 infection after accounting for other population level risk factors. Poisson regression generated incidence rate ratios (IRR) to model the association between proportion employed in meat processing and the incidence of COVID-19 while controlling for other factors. Results: Counties with higher proportion of employment in meat processing facilities had significantly higher incidence of COVID-19 (IRR ¼ 1.77; 95% CI: 1.76-1.78) after adjusting for other county level variables. Controlling for differences between states resulted in a significantly higher rate of COVID-19 in counties with higher proportions employed in meat processing facilities (IRR ¼ 1.25; 95% CI: 1.24-1.26). Conclusions: After accounting for state differences and other county level factors, higher levels of employment in meat processing facilities increased the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302786-ibt7mupq author = Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title = Fatal Outcome in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 138 flesch = 47 summary = Despite a growing report on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19, the data in the special population, including transplant recipients, is still limited. We proposed that the pre-existing T-cell dysfunction from the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplant recipients adversely affects COVID-19 prognosis and worsens COVID-19 mortality. However, impaired immune functions may paradoxically protect transplant patients from the hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and thus dampen the disease severity. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant recipients may alter clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19. The long-term use of immunosuppressive medications in organ transplant recipients is associated with the decrease in T-cell number and function; TAC and MMF preferentially inhibit T-cell response. However, in this report, immunosuppressive agents were discontinued in patients with severe disease, presumably with high mortality risks. Preexisting T-cell immune response deficits from long-term use of immunosuppressive agents may worsen the prognosis of COVID-19 in transplant recipients. cache = ./cache/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302667-ei151qpd author = Sekar, Raghul title = Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1566 sentences = 94 flesch = 49 summary = title: Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has brought tremendous strain on health care sectors around the world. Being a respiratory disease, COVID-19 has tremendous implications on the otolaryngology residency. Otolaryngology residents are dealing with great apprehension of getting infected while working with both COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. Outpatient and Inpatient care, elective and emergency surgeries which are a crucial part of the residency training have taken a back seat. This article enumerates the challenges faced by an otolaryngology resident during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in India. COVID-19 being primarily a respiratory disease, has tremendous implications in otolaryngology training and patient care. Surgical procedures in otolaryngology are associated with high risk of virus transmission due to the following reasons a. Otolaryngology residents have a high risk of contracting the disease during the continuing pandemic that has no sight in end. cache = ./cache/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302756-343y63e5 author = Thachil, J title = Understanding the COVID‐19 coagulopathy spectrum date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 138 flesch = 42 summary = From a laboratory perspective, this hypercoagulability is reflected in the marked elevation of the fibrinolytic marker, D-dimer, in almost all hospitalised COVID-19 patients [7] . Platelet counts are increased in these patients in the initial stages (uncommonly reported in patients with infectious diseases) and are almost never severely low, even in critically ill COVID-19 patients [18] . In severely ill patients, the pulmonary coagulation system becomes markedly activated. These include: should all patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19 be treated empirically with therapeutic anticoagulation until venous thromboembolism is discounted? High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 COVID-19-related severe hypercoagulability in patients admitted to intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure. cache = ./cache/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302800-852w35od author = Liu, Xuebing title = Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3602 sentences = 226 flesch = 47 summary = With these challenges in mind, we performed a comprehensive retrospective investigation of the clinical features of 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have COVID-19 at a mental health hospital in Hubei Province, China. When patients in this mental health hospital showed the onset of respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough and/or new abnormal chest CT findings, they were transferred to the isolation wards as COVID-19 suspected cases. Meanwhile 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia in the general ward who were not suspected to have COVID-19 (clean group) from a mental health hospital in Yichang (also in Hubei Province, 300 km away from Wuhan) were recruited using a convenience sampling method. In this retrospective study, we described the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia General Psychiatry who were suspected to have COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, and provided an overview of the COVID-19 suspected patients in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-302800-852w35od.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302800-852w35od.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302576-fv2ib5vc author = Barisione, Emanuela title = Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5448 sentences = 238 flesch = 37 summary = This study uses an innovative cryobiopsy approach for the post-mortem sampling of lung tissues from COVID-19 patients demonstrating the progression of fibrosis in time and correlation with computed tomography features. The main findings of this study include the following: (1) the identification of a chronological evolution of lesions from an early exudative phase with hyaline membranes to a mid-phase characterized by intra-alveolar fibrinous exudate and early fibroblastic interstitial fibrosis to a late phase with alveolar obliteration by fibrosis and possible micro-honeycombing; (2) mild degree of inflammatory infiltrates; and (3) correlation of histologic patterns with lung CT alterations. Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein also showed modification during disease progression as intense immunostaining was seen in early exudative phase Fig. 4 Histology and radiology of late/organizing phase of DAD pattern: aspects of progressive derangement/obliteration of alveolar structure by interstitial fibroblast proliferation. cache = ./cache/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302758-i5pe61h1 author = Pier, Matthew M. title = Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2414 sentences = 129 flesch = 53 summary = OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of Google Search queries for symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when in-person care has been limited. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. This study aims to assess trends within the U.S. for Google Search queries of symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices comparing the time of COVID-19 pandemic with similar time periods in previous years. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the ability of otolaryngologists to provide care to many patients in the U.S. This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during this period has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. cache = ./cache/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302708-wt86pp4l author = Bonell, Chris title = Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2219 sentences = 131 flesch = 45 summary = title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain 'social distancing' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles As a group of behavioural and social scientists who have shared their advice with government through the UK's Government Office for Science, we have collaborated to develop a series of principles to inform interventions to promote whole population adherence to social distancing measures. Messages promoting care for others are rooted in the psychology of social identity, 12 social influence 13 and moral behaviour, 14 with evidence of benefits in the COVID-19 and other health contexts. 17 18 In communicating such messages, it is important to recognise variation across population groups, for example by age, socio-economic status and ethnic group, in terms of what is given up when adhering to social distancing, 19 which might inform segmented communication and enablement strategies (see principle 8 below). cache = ./cache/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302595-t6yd3znu author = Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa title = Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2970 sentences = 188 flesch = 55 summary = Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. The findings of this study will help the responsible body organize the necessary interventional programs (education, demonstration) in order to provide up-to-date information to control COVID-19 disease. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mizan-Aman town to assess the community's knowledge of COVID-19. Sex (male), age (35-54 and >55 years), marital status (single), educational status (no formal education), occupational status (farmer, student, unemployed/housewife) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19 (Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302676-aarcjyia author = Goldust, Mohamad title = Where do we stand as dermatologists in combat with COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 658 sentences = 52 flesch = 57 summary = The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2) which began in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, quickly spread to involve the rest of the world within a span of few weeks. [1] [2] [3] Hygiene measures are of paramount importance to combat transmission of COVID-19 including social distancing, meticulous hand hygiene measures like frequent hand washing, avoiding touching the face and wearing masks. Healthcare workers, who are at high risk of acquiring the infection are advised to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). aggravate during periods of stress, like psoriasis, eczema, atopy and neurodermatitis can also flare up either in health care workers or in patients. The patient presented with petechiae rash and lab reports showed thrombocytopenia, the two common features of dengue. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Personal Protective Equipment: An Emerging Issue in the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302842-idbmh1uo author = Raza, Ali title = Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5066 sentences = 336 flesch = 51 summary = This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). cache = ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302806-1e99cygs author = Bozkurt, Banu title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3685 sentences = 228 flesch = 55 summary = 27 published in the journal Ophthalmology last week, viral culture and RT-PCR analysis of 64 tear samples collected simultaneously with nasopharyngeal swabs from 17 COVID-19 patients between 3 and 20 days after initial symptom onset failed to demonstrate the presence of 2019-CoV. 34 The Turkish Ministry of Health, in a guidance report entitled "Evaluation of Healthcare Workers with Patient Contact" published on March 25, 2020, identified ophthalmologic examination as a procedure requiring intensive contact, and recommended prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for a total of 3 days (400 mg twice on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2 and 3) and 5 days of home isolation followed by a PCR test in the event of high-risk contact with COVID-19 patients without the use of personal protective equipment. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients. cache = ./cache/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302947-flgwxc57 author = Kipshidze, Nicholas title = Targeted, Site-Specific, Delivery Vehicles of Therapeutics for COVID-19 Patients. Brief Review date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2142 sentences = 121 flesch = 34 summary = In this review we have outlined various target directed approaches which include microbubbles, extracellular vesicles including exosomes, adenosine nanoparticles, novel bio-objects, direct aerosol targeted pulmonary delivery and catheter-based drug delivery with reference to their relative effectiveness for the specific lesions. 3, 4 Considering that COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs in patients with ARDS, 5 we propose a targeted drug delivery strategy using different types of drug delivery vehicles including microbubbles, extracellular vesicles (EV), nanoparticle drug carriers, liposomes, viral vectors, perfluorocarbon droplets, catheter-based and aerosol-based approaches. Microbubbles specifically have shown to adhere to sites of damaged vascular endothelium and thus may be a method of systemically targeting delivery of therapeutics to damaged lungs with SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations through well-designed, timely clinical studies for targeted site-specific therapy will demonstrate evidence toward the best carriers, delivery methods, and approach (i.e. combination systemic and local delivery versus stand-alone). cache = ./cache/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302684-r4ger87o author = Whisenant, Jennifer G. title = TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2009 sentences = 88 flesch = 37 summary = Albeit with small numbers (n = 22), a publication from China suggested that lung cancer patients had the second-highest risk of developing severe and critical symptoms, ICU admission, and death behind hematological malignancies (Dai et al., 2020) . The goals of TERAVOLT are (1) to determine in patients with thoracic malignancies who develop COVID-19 the demographic, comorbidities, and anticancer therapies that place these patients most at risk for hospitalization and death; (2) to determine the clinical picture of patients with thoracic malignancies infected by SARS-CoV-2, a diagnosis made more difficult when the presentation of the illness is so similar to the daily symptoms endured by many of our patients; (3) to provide practitioners with real-time data on therapies that may impact survival to and (4) to evaluate long-term impacts on care and the delay in care to patients with both curable and incurable thoracic malignancies. cache = ./cache/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302864-2xnq1oq7 author = Quartuccio, Luca title = Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 183 flesch = 49 summary = Patients were divided in two groups: 42 severe cases (TOCI) with adverse prognostic features including raised CRP and IL-6 levels, who underwent anti-cytokine treatments, mostly tocilizumab, and 69 standard of care patients (SOC). Nevertheless, robust data to predict the outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia after the hospital admission are still lacking [6] , though they are urgently needed in order to facilitate the assessment of anti-cytokine treatment efficacy in worse prognosis patient groups and not milder disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate baseline laboratory and immunological features in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and to explore such parameters in relationship to standard of care (SOC group) therapy versus anti-cytokine therapy, mainly tocilizumab, (TOCI group) that was mostly used either in ventilated patients in the ICU or non-invasively ventilated patients, mostly in the ward setting. cache = ./cache/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302566-pps56i3b author = Kenyon, C. title = Intensive COVID-19 testing associated with reduced mortality - an ecological analysis of 108 countries date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 904 sentences = 66 flesch = 55 summary = (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302738-7gsm6fm7 author = Guisado-Clavero, Marina title = Uso de aplicaciones móviles y páginas web para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en España date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1600 sentences = 166 flesch = 59 summary = El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar una revisión de las diferentes TIC, apps y páginas web, dirigidas al manejo y/o diagnóstico de presunción de la COVID-19 en España. Se han revisado todas las TIC (apps y páginas web) disponibles hasta la fecha en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) y la del Ministerio de Sanidad (que da servicio a Islas Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla La Mancha, Extremadura y Principado de Asturias) dirigidas a realizar un seguimiento o diagnóstico de presunción de la COVID-19 basado en un cuestionario. Siguiendo las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad y de su app, se recopiló la siguiente información: características sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos de la persona, descripción epidemiológica, posibles síntomas de COVID-19, realización de diagnóstico y seguimiento. De las diecisiete CCAA, se pudo acceder a la información para la evaluación del COVID-19 vía app en cinco de ellas: Andalucía, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunidad de Madrid (CMad) y País Vasco (PV). cache = ./cache/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302886-5zjghwkq author = Ronit, Andreas title = Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4604 sentences = 240 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the available evidence favors the presence of severe immunopathology during COVID-19 ARDS, the compartmental transmission of immunoinflammatory processes between blood and lungs remains unexplored, and characterization of distinct leukocyte subpopulations and their cytokine mediators could thus potentially reveal both novel therapeutic targets and guide the timing of treatment. In the present study, we immunophenotyped bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. [33] [34] [35] A recent study performed genome-wide transcriptome sequencing of RNA obtained from BALF in 3 patients with COVID-19 with unknown disease severity; it reported different expression of 1004 genes, including a high expression of cytokines such as MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1A, and MIP-1B. In conclusion, our study provides novel phenotypic insight into the cell composition and inflammatory mediators simultaneously present in the lungs and blood in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302902-34vftqt9 author = Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title = Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2901 sentences = 157 flesch = 33 summary = Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, to protect health care providers (HCPs), limit post-natal transmission, and maintain infection control (7) . Neonatal resuscitation may be especially impacted by changes in (i) respiratory support, (ii) personal protective equipment (PPE), (iii) resuscitation environment, (iv) team-based activities, and (v) family involvement ( Table 1) . Modifications to ventilation practices during neonatal resuscitation have been proposed to protect HCPs during AGPs, based on limited evidence on vertical transmission and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 9) . General COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of viral filters on mask ventilation devices to decrease risks to HCPs (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303023-rwfiug2c author = Toombs, Jessica title = Pneumococcal co‐infection in Covid‐19 patients date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 416 sentences = 40 flesch = 49 summary = It is well established that seasonal viral respiratory tract infections have been linked to increased risk of bacterial co-infection [1] and current evidence suggests that the This article is protected by copyright. In keeping with good medical practice, these should only be continued when there is strong clinical or microbiological evidence of bacterial infection, regardless of Covid-19 test results, and should be de-escalated once the specific organisms are identified. Although these cases might suggest bacterial co-infection is rare and difficult to clinically distinguish from Covid-19, larger studies are required to clarify this. How do viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections? Pneumococcal superinfection in COVID-19 patients: a series of 5 cases Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19. Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases. Precautions are needed for COVID-19 patients with co-infection of common respiratory pathogens COVID-19 rapid guideline: antibiotics for pneumonia in adults in hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302939-z0071rwa author = Erdeve, Ömer title = The Turkish Neonatal Society proposal for the management of COVID-19 in the neonatal intensive care unit date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3955 sentences = 203 flesch = 48 summary = • NICUs should prepare emergency plans for COVID-19 to ensure the optimal management of potential victims • The assigned team should coordinate the hospitalization and maintenance of the patient with suspected COVID-19 • In the presence of high-risk factors, it is recommended that the newborn should be admitted and taken into an isolation ward in the NICU as soon as possible • Samples of the patient should be taken by staff that is trained and designated by the NICU • Newborns may be born prematurely and the most common non-specific initial symptoms include respiratory distress, shortness of breath, cyanosis, increased heart rate, lethargy, fever, feeding intolerance and vomiting • The SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected in breast milk, but the choice to breastfeed should be the mother's and the families • There is no effective anti-coronavirus treatment yet and treatment is generally supportive cache = ./cache/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303000-tmk2c9eh author = Alhaj, Ahmad Kh. title = Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic. date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3899 sentences = 255 flesch = 56 summary = The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. To our best knowledge, this is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, practices, as well as the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in various neurosurgical programs. The final section (6 items) focuses on the impact of this pandemic on the resident in terms of neurosurgical training, studying, mental health, as well as whether their social life was affected or not. Table 3 demonstrates the association of this score about the virus with gender, age, year of residency training, location of the neurosurgery program. Our study is the first regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. cache = ./cache/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302692-hlt879ef author = Daniel, Michael G. title = Symptom Shame in the COVID-19 Era: Battling Our Instincts date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1082 sentences = 75 flesch = 56 summary = Consequently, it is not unusual to encounter healthcare providers in offices and hospitals with upper respiratory symptoms. However, a sick healthcare provider with COVID-19 puts an entire work group at risk (Table 1) . Optimally, healthcare providers with upper respiratory symptoms will recognize that they might have contracted COVID-19 and self-isolate. However, several barriers discourage healthcare providers from accepting and reporting COVID-19 symptoms. A prevailing concern during the COVID-19 crisis is that symptom shame will not be vigorously discouraged to reduce the burden of replacing healthcare providers within a system that chronically lacks reserves. Their current guidelines recommend that physicians remain at work after contact with a patient with COVID-19 but self-isolate if they develop symptoms or have a prolonged exposure to a positive household member. The current pandemic is not the time for a healthcare provider to be sent home because they are too sick. cache = ./cache/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author = Lin, Gary title = Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4452 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. Our goal was to estimate the ranges of parameters that would fit the data of the beginning of an outbreak in a country, assuming that initially the effects of distancing and other measures to control the disease are largely absent and thus the data are largely representative of the transmission dynamics but that some proportion of the infected population is not observed. cache = ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302987-znogutwp author = Nguyen, Anne X title = Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4160 sentences = 264 flesch = 45 summary = RESULTS: Ten out of 12 major international ophthalmology societies from countries covering all six WHO regions have given recommendations regarding urgent patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and personal protective equipment when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to assess the major international ophthalmology societies' recommendations regarding patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overview of ophthalmology societies The 12 ophthalmology societies examined include the following: the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) in the UK, 6 the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), 7 the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS), 8 SEO, 9 SFO, DOG, 10 SOI, 11 JOS, 12 the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), 13 the Ophthalmological Society of South Africa (OSSA), 14 CHOS 15 and IRSO 16 (table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303081-sjxrvs4p author = Davis, M. M. title = Parents' Likelihood to Vaccinate Their Children and Themselves Against COVID-19 date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1473 sentences = 92 flesch = 51 summary = We fit separate regression models of parents' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative. We fit separate regression models of parents' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative. To assess factors associated with parents' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, we fielded a national household survey in English and Spanish from June 5-10, 2020. In this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. In this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.10.20228759 doi: medRxiv preprint Addressing parents' hesitancy to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 will likely be essential to achieve herd immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303068-g5y7fvy5 author = Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad title = Concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers in their working environment during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2920 sentences = 165 flesch = 57 summary = A 35 items valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers (OHCW) in COVID‐19 pandemic. Previous researches on COVID-19 infection among the HCW had focussed on the concerns, impact, and preparedness of those working in general medicine and surgery, 10, 11 and to our knowledge, there is no study on oral healthcare workers (OHCW) has been reported. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate/contrast the clinical and non-clinical oral healthcare workers' concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness in a COVID-19 pandemic in dental hospitals of Pakistan. In this study, we assessed the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of OHCW who worked at dental hospitals in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic and contrasted between the clinical and non-clinical staff. Concerns, perceived impact and preparedness in an avian influenza pandemic-a comparative study between healthcare workers in primary and tertiary care cache = ./cache/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302821-b9ikg0xy author = Gawałko, Monika title = COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3685 sentences = 209 flesch = 34 summary = Here, we review the available evidence for prevalence and incidence of AF in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and discuss disease management approaches and potential treatment options for COVID-19 infected AF patients. Here, we review the available evidence for prevalence and incidence of AF in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and discuss disease management approaches and potential treatment options for COVID-19 infected AF patients. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 related AF is not well understood and proposed putative mechanisms include a reduction in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor availability, CD147-and sialic acid-spike protein interaction, enhanced inflammatory signalling eventually culmination in inflammatory cytokine storm, direct viral endothelial damage, electrolytes and acid-base balance abnormalities in the acute phase of severe illness and increased adrenergic drive.(28) (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303053-238eegeu author = Pellegrini, Marianna title = Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the “Lockdown” Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3296 sentences = 151 flesch = 50 summary = In this observational retrospective study, the patients of our Obesity Unit were invited to answer to a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire relative to weight changes, working activity, exercise, dietary habits, and conditions potentially impacting on nutritional choices. Lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, consumption of snacks, unhealthy foods, cereals, and sweets were correlated with a significantly higher weight gain. A significantly higher weight and BMI increase was evident in individuals with lower education, who reported lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, and consumption of unhealthy foods, snacks, cereals, and sweets. Lower education level, self-reported anxiety/depression, and not consuming healthy foods were significantly associated with increased weight and BMI gain during the lockdown period. Lower education level, self-reported anxiety/depression, and not paying attention to the healthiness of food choices were significantly associated with weight and BMI increase. cache = ./cache/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303017-4zx94rm6 author = Barbieri, Antonio title = Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3539 sentences = 191 flesch = 41 summary = This hypothesis relies on different pieces of evidence: IL-6, TNFa, and IL-1b promote Th17 response and are associated with inflammatory symptoms including fever, and the two latter are also associated with vascular permeability and leakage; IL-17 has a broad inflammatory effect and together with GM-CSF is involved in inflammatory and autoimmune disease; Covid-19 patients have a significantly increased number of CCR6+ Th17 cells (4) ; elevated TH17 and IL-17 related pathways are increased in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and H1N1 influenza virus patients (14) (15) (16) ; In MERS-CoV patients, IL-17 and low IFNg are associated with worse prognosis (14) . Targeting beta-2adrenergic pathway was shown to reduce inflammatory cytokine and Th17 response in different settings such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Two different reports on cancer patients show that propranolol treatment reduces inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNFa, inflammation-related transcription factors such as NFkB and STAT3 and reduces the activation of Treg lymphocytes (36, 37) . cache = ./cache/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303091-jky6jlrl author = Cellai, Michele title = Characterization of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in an outpatient telemedicine clinic date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1950 sentences = 126 flesch = 59 summary = We identified patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a telemedicine clinic who requested ongoing follow-up calls 6 weeks after symptom onset. We seek to describe the persistent symptoms experienced by patients with mild COVID-19 by reviewing records of those who requested follow-up VOMC care for greater than the planned 21 days and more than 6 weeks beyond symptom onset. Chart review included: (1) verification of patient demographics and comorbidities documented at VOMC intake visit, (2) verification of symptom onset dates, (3) review of follow-up notes during the 6 th week of symptoms, (4) review of return to work advice/disability letters, and (5) review of final notes for health status at time of VOMC discharge. For patients who required additional medical evaluation after the acute period (defined as an in-person or telemedicine visit at least 3 weeks into illness), we reviewed evaluation notes, diagnostics, and final diagnoses (including "alternate diagnoses" and "contributing diagnoses" based on provider documentation). cache = ./cache/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303035-xfg3iczd author = Zhong, Yajuan title = Immunity and Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Processes may Reduce the Risk of Severe Illness in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3145 sentences = 153 flesch = 48 summary = They displayed increased WBC, neutrophil count, NLR, and levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, along with decreased lymphocyte and IL-4 level (P<0.05), compared with non-pregnant women with mild/moderate COVID-19. We 114 hypothesize that the specific immunity response and coagulation-fibrinolysis state among 115 pregnant women COVID-19 may play important roles in progression of illness in Herein, the clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators in 539 Chinese Han 117 COVID-19 patients including 36 pregnant women were analyzed. 257 non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, there are significant difference in 267 immunological and coagulation/fibrinolysis indicators. This may explain why the immunological files are similar between pregnant 322 women with COVID-19 and pregnant women without Our data indicated that for the general COVID-19 women population, the immune 324 dysregulation mainly manifesting as increased IL-6 , IL-10 and IL-6/10 levels and a decreased 325 lymphocyte count and its subsets, along with increased NLR, is related to the risks for severe 326 and critical illness. cache = ./cache/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302865-4znh4pja author = Goldstein, Neal D. title = Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3112 sentences = 163 flesch = 53 summary = title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States Compared to other states, Delaware experienced a rapid increase in the number of cases over a short period of time, necessitating a quick and robust public health response to control the outbreak. Since then, Delaware modified the terms of the state of emergency twenty three times through 30 June 2020 to close public schools, prohibit in-person dining at restaurants, close select non-essential businesses and public beaches, require wearing of face masks, require health screening for anyone entering a high-risk essential business, and limit public gatherings in excess of 10 people, among other actions [13] . Delaware's state of emergency declaration reinforced the existing statutory authority for the Division of Public Health or the Delaware Emergency Management Agency to isolate or quarantine an individual on an emergency basis or following a court hearing. cache = ./cache/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303046-unksl7p4 author = Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel title = COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1899 sentences = 78 flesch = 36 summary = As a result of lockdowns and suspension of usual clinical care activities for the benefit of patients with COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having a major effect on the management of patients with chronic liver diseases, in particular those with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and in liver transplantation programmes. The COVID-19 pandemic will also negatively affect the care and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, generating delayed diagnosis, deferred treatment (including medical and surgical, such as access to liver transplantation), loss to follow-up and, ultimately, increased mortality. Most COviD-19-induced liver-mortality will be delayed, resulting from deferred care for liver diseases, reduced funding for public health interventions and the global economic crisis, which will lead to increases in alcohol and drug use and in blood-borne virus transmissions, while access to care and funding are reduced. cache = ./cache/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303054-s1clwunc author = Velly, Lionel title = Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9239 sentences = 471 flesch = 42 summary = Operating theatre 12 R1.3.1 -Experts suggest that healthcare professionals involved in airway management (intubation, extubation, supraglottic airway insertion and/or removal…), or those who could be brought to do so in some given situations, wear a fit tested respirator mask (Respirator N95 or FFP2 standard, or equivalent) in addition to a disposable face shield or at least, in the absence of the latter, safety goggles, regardless of the patient's COVID-19 status (Table 1) The presence of major (i.e., very frequent or relatively characteristic) and/or minor (i.e. more inconsistent and/or less specific) symptoms allows to orient the preoperative COVID-19 status assessment, and then to estimate the benefit/risk balance of maintaining or postponing the surgery, taking into account the risk of contamination of health personnel and others patients within the care structure. cache = ./cache/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302937-3yivxfi8 author = Robertson, Christopher T title = Indemnifying precaution: economic insights for regulation of a highly infectious disease date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5935 sentences = 327 flesch = 48 summary = For insights, we review health insurance moral hazard, agricultural infectious disease policy, and deterrence theory, but find that classic enforcement strategies of punishing noncompliant people are stymied. Under a strategy of social distancing, lockdown, or quarantine, individuals are directed or suggested to exercise precautions including staying home, closing businesses, wearing masks, and avoiding physical proximity to other persons. 17 For health insurance design, primary moral hazard may have a relatively small effect on risk-taking behavior, because individuals personally suffer many of the other risks associated with illness or injury (including pain, suffering, lost work, chance of death). In this case, although the risk does not approach zero, it is as if relative youth provides partial indemnity insurance against not only the healthcare costs, but also the pain, suffering, lost work, and chance of death that are associated with COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303030-8unrcb1f author = Gaeta, Giuseppe title = Social distancing versus early detection and contacts tracing in epidemic management date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11349 sentences = 518 flesch = 60 summary = In this paper we discuss the different effects of these ingredients on the epidemic dynamics; the discussion is conducted with the help of two simple models, i.e. the classical SIR model and the recently introduced variant A-SIR (arXiv:2003.08720) which takes into account the presence of a large set of asymptomatic infectives. In the SIR model [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , a population of constant size (this means the analysis is valid over a relatively short time-span, or we should consider new births and also deaths not due to the epidemic) is subdivided in three classes: Susceptibles, Infected (and by this also Infectives), and Removed. Acting on α or on β to get the same γ will produce different timescales for the dynamics; see Fig. 1 , in which we have used values of the parameters resulting from our fit of early data for the Northern Italy COVID-19 epidemic [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303072-3whrbuq6 author = Wong, Fui Lin title = Disruption of paediatric orthopaedic hospital services due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a region with minimal COVID-19 illness date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3539 sentences = 184 flesch = 43 summary = PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric orthopaedic services in a paediatric tertiary hospital in South Australia. Conclusion Despite an overall decline in all paediatric orthopaedic hospital activity, the number of emergency admissions for musculoskeletal conditions did not change. In contrast to other developed countries with advanced healthcare systems, such as the USA and UK, Australia has seen rapid control of COVID-19 case numbers with minimal mortality rate, despite initiating lockdown and restricting non-urgent elective surgeries in a similar timeframe (Table 1) . Data were sourced for outpatient clinics attendance, ED presentations, musculoskeletal-related hospital admissions and surgeries performed within a six-week period between 16 March 2020 and 26 April 2020 (weeks 12 to 17 of 2020). All patients admitted to the hospital for paediatric orthopaedic surgery within the study period were identified and reviewed for: demographics, diagnosis, admission category (elective, emergency), type of surgical procedures and length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303034-w72oeoxq author = Haischer, Michael H. title = Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4429 sentences = 216 flesch = 55 summary = To understand the demographics of mask wearers and resistors, and the impact of mandates on mask-wearing behavior, we observed shoppers (n = 9935) entering retail stores during periods of June, July, and August 2020. Wearing a mask in public is currently a controversial and politicized issue in the United States, even with case evidence from other countries that face coverings help to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] . To facilitate greater understanding and reliable experimental data on whether gender, age, location, and the presence of mask mandates influence mask wearing in the United States, we conducted a direct observational study at retail stores in Wisconsin. It is not surprising that our June data showed that older individuals wear masks more than middle-age and young people because older adults are at higher risk for more severe cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303039-rteysj8j author = Liu, Ming title = Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3913 sentences = 198 flesch = 65 summary = title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as "Integrated Medicine") to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. This study summarized controlled trials and methods of Integrated Medicine treatment of COVID-19, including the changes of clinical symptoms. Clinical study on 37 cases of COVID-19 treated by integrated Chinese and western medicine Effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on SARS: a review of clinical evidence cache = ./cache/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303115-bks0uvvr author = Brown, Elizabeth A. title = COVID-19: Racism Is Like That date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1494 sentences = 102 flesch = 68 summary = Being black in America requires wearing an uncomfortable invisible mask, hiding anxiety and fear. Now, having more time to reflect on their stories as well as my own experiences in the south have led me an interesting realization as a black woman in the southern United States-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may open a small window for white America to see how black Americans experience racism. Minorities, particularly black Americans, wear an invisible mask each day they open their eyes and face the world. 1 The invisible masks that blacks wear hide the anger, hurt, fear, depression, anxiety, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) we carry living in a society that does not value us because Health Equity of something as frivolous as the color of our skin. Black Americans have experienced physical distancing for 400 + years now. America, notably white America, if you are tired of COVID-19 and its effects, imagine how black Americans and minorities feel. cache = ./cache/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303183-oya0pdhw author = Bersanelli, Melissa title = COVID-19 and the newly rediscovered multidisciplinarity date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 732 sentences = 40 flesch = 36 summary = The reports published in the present issue, aside from contributing to a valuable brainstorming on the underlying biological mechanisms to exploit for COVID-19 recovery, represent the testimony of the complicated rationale behind the current therapeutic approaches to the disease. If the use of tocilizumab still emerges as one of the most promising solutions, supported by scarce prospective evidence but pushed by the unmet need of an effective treatment [1, 6] , the attempt to outflank the immune system suppression has led to the proposal of an immuneprotection, exploiting physiological checkpoints to restore the immunocompetence [3] . The first tool to be exploited for prevention is knowledge: an accurate epidemiological framework of the disease in frail populations is unfortunately still missing, given the lack of the true denominator on which COVID-cases were reported. Clinical impact of COVID-19 in a single-center cohort from a prospective study on cancer patients receiving immunotherapy cache = ./cache/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303216-1pbuywz6 author = Das, Gaurav title = Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2872 sentences = 155 flesch = 54 summary = If scientific reports relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are noted, it can be seen that the virus owes much of its killer properties to its unique structure that has a stronger binding affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, which the viruses utilize as an entry point to gain accesses to its hosts. The intriguing part though is that recently reported studies have noted altered mental health in some COVID-19 patients showing symptoms like anosmia and ageusia thereby indicating a neuroinvasive nature of the virus. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 have been recently recognized from CT scan images and MRI scan of the brain of a patient who contracted COVID-19 and showed symptoms of necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. The brain reportedly, like most other organs, expresses the hACE2 considered to be the entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses in humans and is therefore not immune to viral infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303234-t95z02g9 author = Muñoz, Miguel-Angel title = Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 915 sentences = 61 flesch = 56 summary = title: Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain During the first weeks of the pandemic, several patients visited the PHC with symptoms compatible with COVID-19; nevertheless, they did not fit the epidemiologic criteria used at that moment to be considered as possible cases. Patients were afraid to attend the PHC, and GPs and nurses were instructed to avoid as much physical contact as possible with them. Separated areas were created to attend patients with respiratory symptoms and healthcare professionals were instructed to adopt the highest measures of safety and protection. GPs advised patients to either return home (with or without COVID-19 diagnosis) or referred them to the hospital if they presented severe symptoms and signs. PHC professionals took care of this population by detecting infections, recommending isolation, or referring patients to hospital if necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author = Guo, Jing title = Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4486 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). The relationship between coping behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, insomnia, mental health problems. We found that direct exposure to COVID-19 and the impact on livelihood are important predictors of mental health problems, and that people found cognitive and prosocial ways to cope with the strains and stresses of the lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303204-xaio3nx6 author = Dami, Fabrice title = Lausanne medical dispatch centre’s response to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1143 sentences = 62 flesch = 59 summary = A second non-emergency medical help-line dispatch is located in the same building, handles 800 calls per day and is staffed with registered nurses only. Figure 1 shows the number of calls received and ambulances dispatched (total and COVID-19 suspected). Inappropriate calls were reduced to between five and ten per day once State and nationwide dedicated information helplines were set from March 6th to answers general questions about COVID-19; the State's help line received 2′500 calls per day. At the same time, the non-emergency help line increased its incoming calls volume from 800 to 2′500 per day. Some lessons learned so far from COVID-19 include: a non-emergency medical dispatch and specific help lines may save your dispatch from drowning; protect your staff; have a B plan (such as deported-based dispatch); and maintain protocols for downgrading your response. cache = ./cache/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303237-xvba5mqq author = Wang, L.-Y. title = Genetic Profiles in Pharmacogenes Indicate Personalized Drug Therapy for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4453 sentences = 295 flesch = 56 summary = Racial discrepancy of common nonsynonymous mutations was found in pharmacogenes including: VDR, ITPA, G6PD, CYP3A4 and ABCB1 which related to DCTs including ribavirin, -interferon, chloroquine and lopinavir. In addition to this mutation, we further identified 10 common non-synonymous polymorphisms in all populations ( Figure 4F ). Thus, we analyzed the expression of virus or drug target genes in different lung cells ( Figure 5A ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041350 doi: medRxiv preprint drug metabolic enzymes in different liver cells ( Figure 6A ). Due to the activity difference exists among populations, the genotypes of important alleles in CYP450 family should be detected after diagnosis, then treatment strategies for these drugs can be suggested in these patients. pharmacogenes in patients can hardly be detected in single cell resolution during COVID-19 treatment, although the expression level of these genes can be associated with drug efficacy or toxicity. cache = ./cache/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303192-il3s8lgp author = Tam, Lai‐Shan title = Care for patients with rheumatic diseases during COVID‐19 pandemic: A position statement from APLAR date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1794 sentences = 95 flesch = 39 summary = Patients with rheumatic diseases are at higher risk of respiratory infections including influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, which is attributed to the underlying disease, comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapy, 1 but to date we lack good information about the virus SARS-CoV-2. In the desperate search to find effective treatments for COVID-19, drugs largely used by rheumatologists have entered the spotlight, including the caution against use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the potential of antimalarials and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), for example anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and targeted synthetic DMARDS (tsDMARDs) Janus-activated kinase (JAK) inhibitors to manage cytokine storm syndrome (CSS)/cytokine release syndrome associated with COVID-19. 18 In order to gather real-world data to inform treatment strategies and better characterize individuals at increased risk of infection, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance has successfully dePreclinical and limited clinical data suggested that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CLQ) have antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303107-f5k686pg author = Yang, Yifan title = Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9121 sentences = 379 flesch = 40 summary = This is consistent with China's longstanding diplomatic discourse on globalism after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, evident in its official discourse on the "Community of Shared Destiny for Mankind" and "Global Community of Health for All." Chinese top leaders publicly emphasize the importance of international cooperation against COVID-19, to protect global public health by proactively collaborating with multilateral institutions such as the United Nations, the WHO, and other G20 countries and providing funding and clinical support for developing countries affected by the global pandemic [60] . Therefore, mass media help the discursive construction and symbolic representation of national identity by drawing on the logic of "the self" and "the other" or "us" and "them." Accordingly, analyzing media discourse on national identity can facilitate an understanding of political (official) discourse in China, particularly in terms of identity performance in during a global public health crisis such as the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303100-ovrzcf84 author = Maguire, Donogh title = Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3695 sentences = 190 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSION: Age ≥ 70 years and severe systemic inflammation as measured by the peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score are independently associated with 30-day mortality among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. Age ≥ 70 years and severe systemic inflammation as measured by the peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score are independently associated with 30-day mortality among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. Keywords: COVID-19, Systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), C-reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Peri-operative glasgow prognostic score (poGPS), Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), 30-day mortality, Host inflammatory response Age was grouped as less than 40 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years and 80 years and older. Old age and severe systemic inflammation, as evidenced by the post-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score (poGPS), were independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303297-fiievwy7 author = Oberemok, Volodymyr V. title = SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4082 sentences = 174 flesch = 49 summary = In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In addition, it seems that the virus is also more likely to affect the heart than any other similar viruses, so although pneumonia is often the main cause of death, cardiologists and infectionists, for example in Russia, are seeing infected patients whose worst symptoms are not respiratory, but cardiac and many people infected with COVID-19 are dying from heart attacks, as a possible complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the initial reports stating that most of the laboratory-confirmed infected patients (27 of 41 cases) had links to the Wuhan seafood market where different animals, including bats, snakes, birds, pangolins, and other small mammals are normally traded within the market [6] , it is now obvious that the newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted with enormous efficacy from human to human via respiratory droplets or close contact. cache = ./cache/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303137-g2pe3ad8 author = Moss, Emanuel title = High Tech, High Risk: Tech Ethics Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5944 sentences = 278 flesch = 47 summary = The tech companies that are driving the technological response to the COVID-19 pandemic have arranged their business models and organizational practices around building products that distribute upsides and downsides according to socio-historical patterns, as interpreted by machines, yet lack the capacity to ''understand just how pervasively. Given the profound threat of COVID-19, it is crucial to consider how the application of machine learning to the social challenges of a global pandemic can produce and distribute risk across society. 61 Over the past 2 years, we have been studying how those inside of Silicon Valley tech companies, which build the machine learning models that are most likely to directly affect people, go about understanding the impacts of machine learning and developing organizational practices to manage the effect they have on how risk is distributed across society. cache = ./cache/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303330-zh8wzza5 author = Magleby, Reed title = Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3557 sentences = 204 flesch = 51 summary = In two studies of hospitalized patients in China, those with severe presentations of COVID-19 had higher viral loads than those with mild presentations, but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on the risk of intubation or death was not evaluated [10, 11] . We hypothesized that assessing SARS-CoV-2 viral load by analyzing Ct values from an initial NP swab sample could be a clinically valuable tool to identify patients at highest risk of intubation and death and provide insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We therefore conducted this retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads on admission, clinical presentations, and outcomes at two affiliated New York City hospitals using a high-throughput RT-PCR assay. In conclusion, we found that admission SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, as determined by Ct values that are generated with standard-of-care diagnostic assays, are independently associated with intubation and death among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303395-r0nj16l9 author = Basirjafari, Sedighe title = Association of Pediatric COVID‐19 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 339 sentences = 34 flesch = 51 summary = We read with great interest an article from Li colleagues describing ¨The Neuroinvasive Potential of SARS‐CoV2 May Play a Role in the Respiratory Failure of COVID‐19 Patients¨. Here we describe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as a severe neurological manifestation associated with pediatric COVID‐19. Moreover, ABO blood type might have a prognostic role in the severity of COVID-19. Thus, patients with blood type O might have protection against severe COVID-19 12 . However, patients with blood group type A, as the patient described in this report, might be more predisposed to severe infection. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report cache = ./cache/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303331-xolksoy3 author = Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza title = Assessment of the outbreak risk, mapping and infection behavior of COVID-19: Application of the autoregressive integrated-moving average (ARIMA) and polynomial models date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5988 sentences = 312 flesch = 55 summary = A geographic information system (GIS)-based machine learning algorithm (MLA), support vector machine (SVM), was used for the assessment of the outbreak risk of COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran whereas the daily observations of infected cases were tested in the—polynomial and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to examine the patterns of virus infestation in the province and in Iran. The aims of the present study were to analyze the risk factors of coronavirus outbreak and test the SVM model for mapping areas with a high risk of human infection with the virus in Fars Province, Iran. Accordingly, in this research, we selected sixteen most relevant effective factors for the outbreak risk mapping of COVID-19 in Fars Province of Iran, which includes minimum temperature of coldest month (MTCM), maximum temperature of warmest month (MTWM), precipitation in wettest month (PWM), precipitation of driest month (PDM), distance from roads, distance from mosques, distance from hospitals, distance from fuel stations, human footprint, density of cities, distance from bus cache = ./cache/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author = Iqbal, Sajid title = It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7944 sentences = 387 flesch = 47 summary = While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable. cache = ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303240-tv1ta3z5 author = Althoff, Keri N title = Contact tracing: Essential to the public health response and our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1402 sentences = 106 flesch = 61 summary = M a n u s c r i p t As the pandemic in the US continues to evolve, data from contact tracing can continue to inform our understanding about SARS-CoV-2 transmission and guide the public health response. Contact tracing that includes home-based molecular and/or serologic specimen collection to trigger isolation and quarantine may be especially critical when both testing and physical distancing are necessary to achieve the public health goals of epidemic control and mitigation of community transmission. "re-opening"), and test and trace strategies will again be deployed to facilitate epidemic control and interruption of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via isolation and quarantine. Test and trace initiatives will yield equally important information in the current phase of the epidemic as communities begins to "re-open." The contact tracers who will continue to log endless hours to protect the health of the population against COVID-19, and subsequently the stability of our healthcare systems, should be supported and commended. cache = ./cache/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303514-2ljmkabk author = Recalcati, S. title = Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 780 sentences = 46 flesch = 47 summary = 1, 2 We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our dermatologic unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). 1, 2 We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our dermatologic unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). 3, 4 Nevertheless, in the hypothesis that these skin lesions were linked to COVID-19 infection, we checked accurately for acral perniotic signs 107 COVID-19-positive patients (average age 72.2 years, 58 males, 49 females) hospitalized in our hospital for acute respiratory illness. The swab negativity could be explained with the disappearance of detectable viral presence after a brief asymptomatic course: according to this hypothesis, the observed skin lesions would represent late manifestations of the COVID-19 infection in young healthy subjects, possibly due to an immunologic response targeting the cutaneous vessels. cache = ./cache/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303453-9nsk6vdi author = Schlosser, Michael title = COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1838 sentences = 95 flesch = 46 summary = The testing of patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proposed as a mechanism for protecting patients and healthcare workers during the current Despite this, testing of pre-surgical patients, both emergent and elective, has quickly become common practice due to fear of exposure, the desire to reassure patients that areas of the hospital are "COVID-free", and competitive pressures within markets. (6) As elective and non-emergent procedures resume amid COVID-19, providers are challenged with determining the best pre-surgical testing processes to balance safety of patients and healthcare workers with other factors, such as delays to needed procedures and the cost of testing, and frameworks have been proposed for evaluating the changing regulatory guidelines and societal pressures. The two testing processes consisted of the following: 1) algorithm-based testing according to risk of exposure (figure 1); 2) expanded testing of all pre-surgical and pre-procedural cases. cache = ./cache/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303483-wendrxee author = Rubin, Geoffrey D. title = The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4315 sentences = 189 flesch = 37 summary = Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. The severity of respiratory disease and pre-test probability of COVID-19 infection are specified for each scenario, with additional key considerations including the presence of risk factors for disease progression, evidence of disease progression, and the presence of significant critical resource constraints ( Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303232-0lwmzjxz author = Konig, Maximilian F title = Targeting the catecholamine-cytokine axis to prevent SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm syndrome date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1433 sentences = 81 flesch = 38 summary = The mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be driven by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and a dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of COVID-19 is characterized by the development of a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels are predictors of COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. As high infection rates threaten to overwhelm hospital capacity during this pandemic, preventative approaches that ameliorate COVID-19 severity and reduce excessive mortality are desperately needed. We hypothesize that treatment with prazosin of individuals who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 could reduce catecholamine surges, secondary cytokine dysregulation, and mortality. Prospective, randomized clinical trials of alpha-1 receptor antagonists (e.g. prazosin) administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms are needed to assess their efficacy in preventing CSS and reducing mortality in COVID-19. Prospective, double-blinded clinical trials of ⍺1-AR antagonists in high-risk patients, when administered prior to symptom onset, will therefore be required to assess their utility in preventing COVID-19-CSS. cache = ./cache/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303414-fwamdr08 author = Oztig, Lacin Idil title = Human Mobility and COVID-19: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2592 sentences = 169 flesch = 57 summary = Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the link between human mobility and the number of COVID-19 infected people in countries. In order to analyze the link between human mobility and COVID-19 infected people, our study focused on the volume of air travel, the number of airports and the Schengen system. Results Our findings suggest a positive relationship between higher volume of airline passenger traffic carried in a country and higher numbers of COVID-19 patients. 2 The global spread of COVID-19 that has led to the infection, and deaths, of thousands of people at a rapid scale, is indicative of how infectious diseases can become a global health problem that have the ability to reach more people, and at a faster rate, in an increasingly globalized world. cache = ./cache/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author = Klabunde, Thomas title = How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4825 sentences = 230 flesch = 58 summary = This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Since early March several European governments have implemented numerous control measures to reduce the transmission of the disease and decrease the number of new daily cases of COVID-19 so that fewer patients need to seek treatment at any given time and avoid overwhelming hospital capacity, commonly referred as "flattening the curve". cache = ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303284-xwhxyy3d author = Volpicelli, Giovanni title = What’s new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1965 sentences = 109 flesch = 47 summary = Computed tomography scans of patients with COVID-19 typically show a diffuse bilateral interstitial pneumonia, with asymmetric, patchy lesions distributed mainly in the periphery of the lung [4] [5] [6] . Conversely, in our experience, patients with COVID-19 disease who suffer from severe respiratory failure are not likely to have no or mild LUS alterations. These include early quantification of the severity of lung involvement, periodic assessment for the appearance of findings suggestive of atelectasis or pneumonia and monitoring the effects of changes in mechanical ventilation and recruitment maneuvers on lung aeration. Early quantification of the severity of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 may be obtained by estimating the overall amount of lung areas detected as being pathological with ultrasound. Identification of interstitial patterns or consolidations typical of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 should lead to a change in care. cache = ./cache/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303363-uu9hb1c9 author = Karimi, Mehran title = Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the “high clinical risk” category? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3271 sentences = 174 flesch = 42 summary = We're all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it's fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with diabetes maintain a good glycemic control, because it might help reduce the risk of infection itself and may also modulate the severity of the clinical expression of the disease (39) . Hemoglobin disorders including thalassemias are generally not associated with respiratory diseases but anemia and iron-overload involving the heart, lungs (pulmonary hypertension), liver disease, diabetes and even the immune system, can encounter these patients to have higher risk of complications from SARS-COV-2 infection than normal population, specially when they become older. The few reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with thalassemias might reflect the efforts to minimise social contacts or other unclarified reasons, such as lower beta globin protein as a possible target of COVID-19 in these patients (51) . cache = ./cache/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303384-bgvagdft author = Bilinska, Katarzyna title = Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2173 sentences = 124 flesch = 49 summary = Several very recent papers contributed to explaining the key cellular steps occurring in the olfactory epithelium leading to anosmia/hyposmia (collectively known as dysosmia) initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial hospital observations and early studies have suggested several possible mechanisms for the development of anosmia in COVID-19, including olfactory cleft syndrome, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, cytokine storm, direct damage to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), and impairment of the olfactory perception centers in the brain. The current model of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is based on the already proven observation that SUS cells are the primary target of the virus and that SUSs infection initiates a series of events leading to dysosmia. Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303603-4mi64bgm author = Martínez-Urbistondo, Diego title = Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 656 sentences = 40 flesch = 47 summary = title: Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) In our experience, the early administration of corticosteroids associated to tocilizumab, according to the previously published recommendations by the Spanish Ministry of Health [6] , may solve this high failure rate. In the HM Sanchinarro Hospital, a 200 bed teaching institution, we consecutively and ambispectively collected the outcome of 136 patients who received tocilizumab plus corticosteroids to treat severe COVID, defined as a SpO2/FiO2 <325 with bilateral pneumonia and a clinical diagnosis of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Generalized linear and Cox regression models, adjusted by age, sex, interaction between age and sex, CCI, time from onset to admission, dose of corticosteroids and tocilizumab and C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels at anti-inflammatory therapy administration, showed benefit in the use of ET in COVID patients (Relative Risk, 0.18, P = .01, and Hazard Ratio, 0.13, P = .01, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303523-m16vlv1q author = Ogundokun, R. O. title = MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION FOR COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN INDIA date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3889 sentences = 250 flesch = 50 summary = Objective: The objective of the paper is to formulate a simple average aggregated machine learning method to predict the number, size, and length of COVID-19 cases extent and wind-up period crosswise India. In this study, the authors formulated a simple mean aggregated method by combining 3 popular regression models and predicted the sum of COVID-19 in India. As a substitute for epidemiologic spread procedure, the study employed 3 aggregated methods SVR, NN, and LR to predict the instantaneous movement of the conveyance dynamics and generate the real-time predictions of COVID-19 disease transversely the metropolises of India. In this study, the formulation of aggregated methods illustrates a substantial enhancement in the prediction of the COVID-19 disease in India. The study delivered a substantial enhancement in prediction precisions for COVID-19 disease in India when the postulated aggregated system was employed. The study postulated a simple-mean aggregated method for the prediction of COVID-19 disease in India. cache = ./cache/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303357-ufy8m1d1 author = Wang, Gang title = The challenge and response of mental health institutions in COVID-19 pandemic: from chaos to new normal date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 68 flesch = 42 summary = In the late stage, many psychiatric patients with serious psychotic symptoms and physical conditions flooded hospitals, which greatly increased the risk of COVID-19 exposure and the difficulty faced by medical staff in providing treatment. In the early stage of the outbreak, similar to other medical institutions, mental health institutions were not adequately 4 prepared due to the lack of effective measures to prevent nosocomial infection of COVID-19. Thus, there was insufficient attention to and investment in the mental diseases of the general population and those with high risk needing attention (such as medical staff in pandemic areas), and mental health services could not be provided in a timely manner. We also built a psychiatric ward in an infectious disease hospital for the treatment of mental illness patients with serious COVID-19 complications. (1) Strengthening the concept of integrated multidisciplinary medical service: the pandemic exposed the limitations of mental health institutions in dealing with infectious and medical diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303572-5np6373x author = Furstenburg, Phillip P. title = Emergency centre reorganization in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic: A district hospital’s dynamic adaptation response date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1561 sentences = 83 flesch = 44 summary = 1 This report describes the physical reorganisation of the EC at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district-level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, in preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes the physical reorganisation of the emergency centre at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes the physical reorganisation of the emergency centre at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The preparation included the identification of a person under investigation (PUI) room, converting short stay wards into COVID-19 isolation areas, and relocating the paediatric section to an area outside the emergency centre. The preparation included the identification of a person under investigation (PUI) room, converting short stay wards into COVID-19 isolation areas, and relocating the paediatric section to an area outside the emergency centre. cache = ./cache/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303600-96vtj89w author = Kapoor, Deeksha title = Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery in COVID Times date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3568 sentences = 193 flesch = 47 summary = This led to the cancellation and delay in elective surgical cases which can have far-reaching consequences This study reports our experience of elective gastro-intestinal surgical procedures during the COVID pandemic, after instating preventive strategies and screening protocols to prevent the transmission of COVID infection. With preventive and screening strategies and proper patient selection, it is possible to deliver safe GI surgical services during the COVID pandemic, without increasing the risk for major postoperative complications. None of the surgical patients developed COVID-related symptoms in the postoperative period or required testing while in the hospital. Our experience taught us that there are three main challenges in surgery during the COVID pandemic, namely, how to select patients for elective surgical procedures; modifications, if any, of the existing treatment and surgical protocols; and ensuring the safety of patients and the healthcare personnel involved. cache = ./cache/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303304-3jagd9o2 author = Bellosta, Raffaello title = Major cardiovascular events in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: experience of a cardiovascular Department of Northern Italy date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 984 sentences = 56 flesch = 41 summary = • Although small with short-term data, our series reports a translational experience of a cardiovascular department facing MACE in COVID-19 patients being acute arterial events the new insight into this COVID-19 pandemic. Although hypercoagulable state, thrombophilias, and sepsis-induced coagulopathy have been preferentially associated with venous thromboembolism, in our early experience the COVID-19 related hypercoagulability involved the arterial system (cardiac and peripheral) in over 30% of cases. Currently, we are not able to find an unquestionable explanation for our finding, especially if we consider that in our series the ACS group showed a medical history characterized by a higher rate of cardiovascular risk factors if compared to what reported in larger cohort [4, 8] . Overall mortality was 38% in our early experience, which is comparable to the 37-69.4% range reported in COVID-19 cohorts with cardiovascular complications, albeit we have not seen a higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors [4, 8, 9] . cache = ./cache/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author = Tsay, Calvin title = Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6180 sentences = 331 flesch = 49 summary = This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. Figure 2 shows the predicted values obtained by solving the parameter estimation problem and the historical data by country, retrieved by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (https ://githu b.com/CSSEG ISand Data/COVID -19; accessed April 16, 2020). For the estimated parameter values as described previously, we simulate the results of implementing two different simplistic control policies: (i) continuing with strict social distancing, quarantining, and testing, policies that result from continuing to lower the asymptomatic ( α a ) and infected ( α i ) exposures shown in Fig. 2 ; and (ii) a relaxed policy with more lenient measures and reduced testing, in this case the values of α a and α i are increased to 0.2 and 0.02, respectively, while κ is decreased to 0.2. cache = ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303571-ossmgzzn author = Iorfa, S. K. title = COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception and precautionary behaviour among Nigerians: A moderated mediation approach date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3299 sentences = 179 flesch = 45 summary = Finally, it is expected that risk perception will mediate the prediction of precautionary behaviour by COVID-19 knowledge and that this effect will be stronger for female Nigerians than for male Nigerians. They were recruited through a snowball sampling technique via social media posts to complete the online survey on COVID-19 knowledge, perceptions and precautionary behaviour using Google forms website. Our hypothesis of a moderated mediation effect was supported as evidenced by a significant indirect effect of COVID-19 knowledge on precautionary behaviour through risk perception among females {B = 0.22, 95% Consistent with previous findings therefore, we postulated that perception of risk is a pathway through which knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 will influence precautionary behaviour and that this influence may be more for females than for males. We also tested the direct influences of COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, age and gender on precautionary behaviour. cache = ./cache/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303621-uipazeve author = Rajkumar, R. P. title = Genetic polymorphisms mediating behavioural and immune response to pathogens may moderate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 135 flesch = 48 summary = Given the role that these two genetic variants may have played in protecting populations from outbreaks of infectious disease in the past, this pilot study was conducted to examine their potential impact on two measures of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic: the prevalence and the crude mortality rate. To test the association between the 5-HTTLPR s and IL-6 rs1800795 G alleles and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, a preliminary analysis of the correlation between the frequencies of these alleles and the prevalence and crude mortality rate reported for COVID-19 across nations was carried out using population-based data. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20120998 doi: medRxiv preprint These results, though preliminary, provide confirmation of the hypothesis that populationlevel variations in allele frequencies, particularly those influence host immune response or favour behaviours that minimize disease spread, may directly influence the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic across nations. cache = ./cache/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303407-n7j56sci author = Popofsky, Stephanie title = Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Detection on Breastfeeding Due to Infant Separation at Birth date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4364 sentences = 204 flesch = 45 summary = CONCLUSION: In the setting of COVID-19, separation of mother–newborn dyads impacts breastfeeding outcomes, with lower rates of breastfeeding both during hospitalization and at home following discharge compared with unseparated mothers and infants. In the setting of COVID-19, separation of mother-newborn dyads impacts breastfeeding outcomes, with lower rates of breastfeeding both during hospitalization and at home following J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 discharge compared with unseparated mothers and infants. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [4] and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) [5] each published interim guidelines for management of neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, including recommendations for temporary separation of these dyads. To assess the impact of our policy change surrounding mother-newborn dyad separation on breastfeeding rates, we evaluated mothers' pre-delivery plans for feeding, and compared these with actual outcomes of breastfeeding during perinatal admission and following discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303631-u0rzxw7o author = Hart, Andrew title = Cover Illustration: “Lockdown” mural, Bath Street, Glasgow, by the.rebel.bearUnshackling Plastic Surgery from COVID-19 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 54 flesch = 34 summary = Considerable supportive evidence exists for the positive impact of plastic and reconstructive surgery upon quality of life, patient reported outcomes, return to work, and longterm healthcare costs, but to most effectively advocate Plastic surgery to policy makers focused upon the risks and resource requirements of COVID-19, more, scientifically robust, data is urgently needed. The undoubted benefit of immediate reconstruction for a sizeable cohort of women is being considered against the greater apparent safety and lesser shortterm resource requirement of mastectomy and delayed reconstruction, and guidance from the Association of Breast Surgery (U.K.) is under review. It will be specifically addressed in the next issue, but the solution may be to develop capacity to provide equitable access to safe, effective reconstruction, with a low complication profile, in a governanced setting where the risk of operating during COVID infection can be minimised, and detailed consent provided that includes known and unknown risks, along with the implications of awaiting delayed reconstruction. cache = ./cache/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303516-1yfaxlp5 author = Dyer, Jessica title = The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2278 sentences = 113 flesch = 52 summary = The objective of this study was to assess psychosocial effects of COVID-19 among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya and to assess the feasibility of conducting behavioral surveys by phone. COVID-19-related disruptions in social contact and health service delivery could negatively affect psychosocial and clinical outcomes, as well as reduce participation in research, among the approximately 190,000 ALHIV in Kenya [2] . The Data-informed Stepped Care to Improve Adolescent Outcomes (DiSC) cohort includes 1386 ALHIV ages 10-24 years receiving HIV care at nine health facilities in Western Kenya. All participants had previously provided informed consent at enrollment, and ethical review committees of Maseno University in Kenya and University of Washington, Seattle, United States, approved the phone interviews and additional COVID-19 questions. It will be important to follow ALHIV over a longer period to understand sustained impact of social distancing and other COVID-19 effects such as adolescent mental health, resilience, and social support. cache = ./cache/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303517-8971aq02 author = Cajamarca-Baron, Jairo title = SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Patients with some Degree of Immunosuppression date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9096 sentences = 459 flesch = 45 summary = 27, 28 Among other comorbidities, chronic kidney disease is associated with in-hospital mortality, as are cancer and cerebrovascular disease, demonstrated through two meta-analyses that included over fifteen thousand patients ( Table 2) ; studies suggest that superficial fungal infections and psoriasis confer vulnerability to COVID-19; a body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor for complications from the infection; and there are discouraging results regarding underlying neurological disease and SARS-CoV-2. It is even possible that such disease-modifying therapies and their immunosuppressive effect may play a protective role during 19-COVID infection by preventing or dampening hyperimmune activity that, in some cases, could lead to clinical deterioration; there is even a report of a patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis receiving treatment with ocrelizumab and becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, in the context of lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinema expected for this type of treatment, without generating major clinical complications, this hypothesis is obviously limited for now only to academic deductions and limited information. cache = ./cache/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303609-9217t0ui author = Baselga, María Trinidad title = Trombosis y COVID-19: revisión de alcance date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3233 sentences = 320 flesch = 53 summary = Esta revisión de alcance (scoping review) resume y evalúa críticamente la evidencia sobre la relación entre la trombosis y el COVID-19, y se basa en una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de todos los artículos publicados hasta el 5 de mayo de 2020 e incluidos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane y Clinicaltrials.gov. En otros estudios se estandarizó el uso de ecografía para la detección de las complicaciones J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSIÓN Esta es la primera scope review que revisa los artículos que relacionan la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y las alteraciones en la coagulación, incluyendo sus repercusiones clínicas y radiológicas; en orden cronológico desde el 1 de diciembre de 2019 hasta el 5 mayo de 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303585-8py6joh6 author = Verma, Surjeet title = Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10884 sentences = 562 flesch = 50 summary = The objective of this review was to collate information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit coronavirus and targets associated with infection in humans and to highlight known drugs, which may have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, this review discusses the potential use of Southern African medicinal plants, which have traditionally been used for the treatment of symptoms related to respiratory viral infections, and influenza, to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. The selective index (SI) values of compounds 1-6 were found to be 58, >510, 111, 193, 180 , and >667, respectively, indicating that these plants were able to inhibit viral replication without having a cytotoxic effect on the host cells. A chalcone, xanthoangelol E (8), isolated from the ethanolic leaf extract of Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz., showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV 3CL pro and a papain-like protease (PL pro ) with IC 50 values of 11.4 and 1.2 µM, respectively, using cell-free assays. cache = ./cache/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303442-5fjb6iz8 author = Morshed, M. S. title = Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1565 sentences = 104 flesch = 57 summary = title: Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh Bangladesh is in the rising phase of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is the first study aimed to report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients attending the fever clinic of a dedicated COVID-19 Hospital (Kurmitola general hospital) in Dhaka city of Bangladesh and two Upazila health complexes from different districts (Jessore and Jhenaidah) from 5 July to 18 July 2020. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 attending fever clinics of government hospitals in Bangladesh. The most prevalent symptoms of non-critical COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh consist of fever (78.6%), fatigue (68%), and cough (44.7%). cache = ./cache/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303659-mzez7v4d author = Elsayed, Sarah M title = The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3203 sentences = 195 flesch = 54 summary = There are reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial clearance of the virus. There have been reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial documented clearance of the virus. The publications included COVID-19 positive patient data and the relapse of disease was confirmed by PCR; the full text was available for these publications. Data were collected in the following categories when available: Study design; Study country; Patient demographics; Clinical signs and symptoms; Laboratory findings; Imaging studies; Dynamics of the oropharyngeal swab test; Treatment of the first presentation; The clinical picture of relapse; Day of a positive result after confirmed negative We tabulated the data using Microsoft Excel (2010, Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA). The study reports a total of 11 patients (6 females and 5 males), all from China, who tested positive for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303656-wtqwghon author = Faust, Jeremy title = Relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City, February 1 - April 18, 2020. date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1435 sentences = 77 flesch = 55 summary = Comparisons between the mortality burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza often fail to account for the fact that the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports annual influenza mortality estimates which are calculated based upon a series of assumptions about the underreporting of flu deaths. In this report, we compare COVID-19 death counts to seasonal influenza death counts in New York City during the interval from February 1 April 18, 2020. Seasonal influenza mortality is reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as adjusted estimates, and also includes pneumonia deaths caused by other pathogens. Here, we compare the excess deaths in New York City to seasonal influenza counted deaths over the 76-day interval, as well as counted COVID-19 deaths as reported by the CDC and the New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYDOH). cache = ./cache/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303667-z3tmy8hw author = Yousefzai, Rayan title = Misdiagnosis in the COVID era: When Zebras are Everywhere, Don’t Forget the Horses date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1093 sentences = 80 flesch = 59 summary = Abbreviation: ECG = Electrocardiogram ECHO = Echocardiogram STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction ARDS = Acute respiratory distress syndrome LV = left ventricle RV = right ventricle LAD = left anterior descending artery LCX = left circumflex artery RCA = right coronary artery ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Abstract: We report a patient who presented with respiratory failure, chest pain, and fever. For example, in the case of the patient that we presented, before the COVID era, most likely, he would have been referred for a further evaluation immediately. Even in the case of the patients who are already admitted to the hospital, when the suspicious for COVID is raised, it can affect the care either by distracting from other diagnoses or delaying the procedures to avoid the exposure. COVID-19 patients can present with cardiovascular manifestations. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303539-gimz41yb author = Goudouris, Ekaterini S. title = Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19() date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3605 sentences = 220 flesch = 45 summary = DATA SOURCES: Searches in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles made available in 2020, using the terms "diagnosis" OR "diagnostic" OR "diagnostic tests" OR "tests" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" in the title. 25 Some studies report patients with mild (or even asymptomatic) COVID-19 present lower levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies or may even do not develop detectable levels, while patients with more severe conditions have higher levels of these. 38 The data presented suggest that the diagnosis of COVID-19 should be based on clinical manifestations, contact history, imaging tests, laboratory tests, and not only on serological tests and the search for the genetic material of the virus. The gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the identification of viral genetic material by RT-PCR, in different samples, with greater sensitivity in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasopharyngeal swab. cache = ./cache/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303660-2bxpqhro author = Direkoglu, C. title = Worldwide and Regional Forecasting of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Spread using a Deep Learning Model date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3985 sentences = 251 flesch = 62 summary = We design a deep neural network, which consist of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) layer, dropout layer, and fully connected layers, to analyze the reported Covid-19 cases and predict the possible future scenarios for the spread in China, Europe, Middle East and worldwide. Forecasting cumulative total number of Covid-19 cases worldwide using a model with RMSE of 39699 predicts that outbreak size may reach to 2,600,000 within the next 10 days and continue to grow linearly. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111039 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 8 : Forecasting cumulative total number of deaths from Covid-19 worldwide using a model with RMSE of 5657.1; predicts that the death toll may increase to 100,000 within the next 10 days. We design a deep learning model to forecast the spread of the novel coronavirus, Covid-19, in China, Europe, Middle East region and worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303661-etb19d6y author = Shin, Hyoung-Shik title = Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4019 sentences = 212 flesch = 42 summary = Though the COVID-19 showed pandemic spread and unexpected clinical manifestations characterized by various symptoms throughout the whole body, SARS-CoV-2 seems to be less virulent especially in children and adolescents, in whom the disease mimics common cold caused by seasonal coronaviruses [7] . At the early stage of the epidemic, it had been recommended to apply the treatment regimen of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the case of the patients with severe symptoms [23] . Considering that the infection can be asymptomatic and as it can rapidly spread across national borders, studies-to elucidate the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus, and side effects of medicationsshould be conducted on a global scale; this would help in developing appropriate treatment strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author = Mash, Bob title = Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 225 flesch = 64 summary = 1 As I write this, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hitting South Africa and events are unfolding fast as new measures are taken on a daily basis to contain its spread within communities. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; primary care; continuing medical education; clinical management. Patients should be treated in a separate room, although not necessarily an airborne infection isolation room, as measures to prevent contact and surface contamination are most important. • At least one of the following epidemiological criteria in the 14 days prior to onset of symptoms: ß Was in close contact with a confirmed or probable case of SARS-Cov-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303690-8h58rmwk author = Michelozzi, Paola title = Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1944 sentences = 99 flesch = 55 summary = title: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 Data from the rapid mortality surveillance system in 19 major Italian cities were used to carry out a timely assessment of the health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Since 2004, Italy has had a rapid mortality surveillance system (SiSMG) for real-time monitoring of daily deaths in major Italian cities and allows routine evaluation of the health impact of extreme events and influenza epidemics [3, 4] . Briefly, SiSMG is based on an ad hoc daily flow of mortality data (resident population by age and sex) from local Municipal Registry Offices to the Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Authority -ASL Roma 1 (DEPLAZIO) which manages the system on behalf of the Ministry of Health [5, 6] . Figure 2 shows excess mortality by sex and age groups among cities in the north and in the centre and south of Italy caused by the COVID-19 outbreak up until 3 April 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303651-fkdep6cp author = Thompson, Robin N. title = Key questions for modelling COVID-19 exit strategies date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11567 sentences = 587 flesch = 40 summary = This leads to a roadmap for future research (figure 1) made up of three key steps: (i) improve estimation of epidemiological parameters using outbreak data from different countries; (ii) understand heterogeneities within and between populations that affect virus transmission and interventions; and (iii) focus on data needs, particularly data collection and methods for planning exit strategies in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) where data are often lacking. Three key steps are required: (i) improve estimates of epidemiological parameters (such as the reproduction number and herd immunity fraction) using data from different countries ( §2a-d); (ii) understand heterogeneities within and between populations that affect virus transmission and interventions ( §3a-d); and (iii) focus on data requirements for predicting the effects of individual interventions, particularly-but not exclusively-in data-limited settings such as LMICs ( §4a-c). cache = ./cache/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303718-7bpap31f author = Binder, Adam F. title = Treating Hematologic Malignancies During a Pandemic: Utilizing Telehealth and Digital Technology to Optimize Care date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3122 sentences = 171 flesch = 41 summary = These measures have challenged cancer centers to develop strategies to continue to provide appropriate care while minimizing risk of infection for both patients and healthcare teams. These strategies include workflow processes to create an environment to allow for social distancing; operational models to ensure access to appropriate screening, testing, and personal protective equipment; treatment modifications, such as personalizing timing of cancer treatment based on emerging national and international guidelines and the specific characteristics of the patient's disease, underlying morbidities, and risk; and care decentralization, enabling patients to shelter in place while continuing to receive the care they need (9) . The swift adoption of decentralization strategies like telehealth visits, home-based care, and remote patient monitoring can allow physicians treating hematologic malignancies to maintain care while mitigating the risk of nosocomial SARS-COV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303747-o09canse author = Bennett, Courtney E. title = ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2583 sentences = 108 flesch = 32 summary = This approach, however, must be balanced against the need for a rapid and precise diagnosis in COVID-19 patients with STE due to an acute myocardial infarction in order for timely and appropriate reperfusion therapy including coronary revascularization to be implemented when appropriate. April 7, 2020 ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and COVID-19 into account severity of illness coupled with risk stratification utilizing cardiac imaging in select cases to assess the potential benefit from coronary revascularization rather than a blanket policy of proceeding with diagnostic catheterization, often triggered by prehospital ECG testing, for all STE patients with suspected or known COVID-19. Our current approach in patients with a high suspicion for acute coronary occlusion who are candidates for coronary angiography with an expected benefit from coronary artery revascularization is to continue with the standard pre-hospital or emergency department (ED)-triggered STEMI activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) for anticipated primary percutaneous coronary intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-303747-o09canse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303747-o09canse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303787-dx1n8jap author = Vonck, Kristl title = Neurological manifestations and neuro‐invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3806 sentences = 208 flesch = 42 summary = RESULTS: Neurological manifestations potentially related to COVID‐19 have been reported in large studies, case series and case reports and include acute cerebrovascular diseases, impaired consciousness, cranial nerve manifestations and auto‐immune disorders such as Guillain‐Barré Syndrome often present in patients with more severe COVID‐19. Neurological symptoms were more common in patients with severe infection according to their respiratory status (45.5% vs 30.2% in non-severe cases) and fell into 3 categories: central nervous system (CNS) manifestations (dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizure), cranial and peripheral nervous system manifestations (taste impairment, smell impairment, vision impairment, and neuropathy), and skeletal muscular injury manifestations. This is illustrated by a recent report of a COVID-19 patient with an acute necrotizing encephalopathy, a rare complication observed in infections with viruses including influenza, and related to a cytokine storm in the brain without direct viral invasion 26 . cache = ./cache/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303785-2y4a1luj author = Suárez, V. title = Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México: del 27 febrero al 30 de abril de 2020 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 454 flesch = 67 summary = En respuesta a este brote global, resumimos el estado actual del conocimiento en torno a la COVID-19 en México hasta el mes de abril: esta información tiene valor para comprender la expansión de la enfermedad y el efecto de las medidas de contención en nuestro país. Un caso importado es una persona que ha viajado a un área afectada fuera del país en los 14 días previos al inicio de la enfermedad; contacto importado es la persona infectada por contacto directo con un caso importado, y contagio local, la persona sin antecedentes de contagio por importación. El 11 de marzo, el mismo día que la OMS clasificó a la COVID-19 como pandemia, se informaron de cuatro nuevos casos: dos en la Ciudad de México y uno más en Querétaro, todos ellos pacientes que habían regresado de un viaje a España y cuyas edades oscilaban entre 30 y 41 años. En este estudio se presentan las características del COVID-19 en México 64 días después del primer caso confirmado en el país. cache = ./cache/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303811-vr5nao8w author = Binson, Guillaume title = Preparation and physicochemical stability of 50 mg/ml hydroxychloroquine oral suspension in Syrspend pH4 dry date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3055 sentences = 158 flesch = 41 summary = Finally, use of the proposed oral suspension provides a reliable solution to perform safe and accurate administration of hydroxychloroquine to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Matrix effect was assessed comparing calibration curves prepared in water versus calibration curves obtained using Syrspend® SF PH4 Dry. Dilution was performed using water solution containing 0.1% of the suspending vehicle in order to mimic the exact composition of samples obtained after dilution of the oral suspensions before HPLC-UV analysis. According to the doses proposed for COVID-19 patients (from 100 mg to 600 mg per dose) we chose to prepare oral liquid dosage forms at a target concentration (50 mg/mL) higher than the formulations proposed by McHenry et al., thereby reducing by a factor of two the volume of administration required. In light of all this, the compounded oral liquid formulation proposed in this study provides an appropriate and easy to use dosage form for oral hydroxychloroquine treatment, enabling safe and accurate hydroxychloroquine dose administration to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303960-86mukxg1 author = Rahimi, Farid title = Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1754 sentences = 111 flesch = 54 summary = Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreak. Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303959-e1654g5j author = Vitiello, Antonio title = COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Fibrotic Tissue: Clinical Pharmacological Rational of Antifibrotic Therapy date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1917 sentences = 89 flesch = 38 summary = In this direction, the use of a pharmacological approach to reduce or prevent fibrotic status, with antifibrotic agents such as pirfenidone, used with demonstrated clinical efficacy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [4] can be a valuable aid in the prevention of serious or fatal complications from COVID-19 in patients with ongoing infection, or in those already healed with residual fibrotic lung lesions [5] . Although many patients who develop SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress syndrome survive the acute phase of the Fig. 1 Antifibrotic therapy, pleiotropic effects of Pirfenidone disease, data have shown that some of them die from progressive pulmonary fibrosis [19] . Several reports suggest, however, that there are differences between IPF and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis, diversity in the rapid evolution of the fibrotic and inflammatory state, and a highly developed procoagulant effect in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection [22, 23] . cache = ./cache/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303819-w1785lap author = Cortegiani, Andrea title = Update I. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3475 sentences = 202 flesch = 54 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and two pre-print repositories (bioRxiv, medRxiv) were searched from inception to 8th June 2020 for RCTs and nonrandomized studies (retrospective and prospective, including single-arm, studies) addressing the use of CQ/HCQ in any dose or combination for COVID-19. Low and moderate risk of bias studies suggest that treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 with CQ/HCQ may not reduce risk of death, compared to standard care. Journal Pre-proof PICO question: The current review covers studies comparing adult patients with or at risk of COVID-19 (P) who had been administered CQ or related formulations, alone or in combination with other drugs (I) to those given standard care or other regimens or drugs (C). Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit cache = ./cache/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304018-1fxjdl1m author = Peters, Sanne A.E. title = Obesity as a risk factor for COVID‐19 mortality in women and men in the UK Biobank: comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1992 sentences = 100 flesch = 56 summary = Cox regression was used to estimate the sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from COVID-19, influenza/pneumonia and CHD for overweight and obesity (defined as a body mass index [BMI] ≥25 to <30kg/m² and ≥30kg/m², respectively) and an overall 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI (SD: 4.8), waist circumference (SD: 13.5), waist-to-hip ratio (SD: 0.09), and waist-to-height ratio (SD: 0.08). This population-based study of over 500,000 women and men in the UK Biobank shows that higher levels of adiposity measures were associated with a higher risk of death from COVID-19, of an order of magnitude similar to that seen for other respiratory diseases and CHD. Table 1 Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratios of HRs with 95% confidence intervals for death from COVID-19, influenza/pneumonia, or coronary heart disease associated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio Analyses are adjusted for age, Townsend index, smoking status, and ethnicity. cache = ./cache/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303917-2tu707ng author = Zhang, Lei title = Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review date = 2020-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5433 sentences = 369 flesch = 46 summary = We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, Semba et al 12 had reported that vitamin A supplementation reduced morbidity and mortality in different infectious diseases, such as measles, diarrheal disease, measles-related pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and malaria. 15 The mechanism by which vitamin A and retinoids inhibit measles replication is upregulating elements of the innate immune response in uninfected bystander cells, making them refractory to productive infection during subsequent rounds of viral replication. Remdesivir (RDV), a nucleoside analog GS-5734, had been reported to inhibit human and zoonotic coronavirus in vitro and to restrain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vivo. Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association cache = ./cache/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303991-pjycxlse author = Shah, M. R. T. title = Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2985 sentences = 171 flesch = 57 summary = In this study, we estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for the SAARC countries and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Using the daily records up to 9th October, we implemented a statistical method to remove both the bias in crude CFR, i.e., the delay between disease onset and outcome bias and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases, reporting rates lower than 50% (95% CI: 10%-50%) bias. However, no study has thoroughly investigated COVID-19 adjusted CFR of SAARC countries, a regional union of eight nations-Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study's objective was to calculate and compare the COVID-19 CFR for SAARC countries adjusted by the disease's survival interval and reporting rates. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the adjusted CFR of COVID-19 outbreak for the selected SAARC countries, i.e., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. cache = ./cache/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304016-4o2bpedp author = Hanage, William P. title = COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5701 sentences = 249 flesch = 49 summary = In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. Finally, despite the initial federal failure to report COVID-19 data by race/ethnicity [6] , a combination of specific studies, state reporting, investigative journalism, and data trackers has revealed that a persistent feature of the pandemic has been the existence of racial/ethnic inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and mortality, especially with regard to increased risk among US Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations compared to the US white non-Hispanic population [3-5, 7, 8, 69, 70] . cache = ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303799-9hh17k86 author = Huang, Ying title = Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-02-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 229 flesch = 59 summary = Methods For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. In this single-centered study, we retrospectively analysed specific clinical information of 36 non-survivors infected with SARS-CoV-2. For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. Previous studies have shown that elder patients and males who were confirmed with coronavirus infection are at higher risk of ARDS, 10 All rights reserved. As reported in previous studies, patients who are male, elder or have a history of cerebrovascular disease are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection 2,14,15 . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303741-1ou0cy5k author = Stafstrom, Carl E. title = COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7035 sentences = 369 flesch = 40 summary = An especially apropos case demonstrated maternal viremia, placental infection shown by immunohistochemistry, and high placental viral load with subsequent neonatal viremia, implying transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant mother to fetus [24] ; this newborn presented with neurological symptoms as discussed in Section 3. The lack of unequivocal reports of SARS-CoV-2 being recovered from the CSF of individuals affected with presumed neurological involvement nor in brain tissue from the limited number of autopsied cases strengthens the possibility that the virus does not often directly cause the symptoms but rather, that the neurological sequelae are secondary to hypoxia, cytokine involvement, or some other non-direct mechanism (see Section 6). Finally, 4 of 27 children with COVID-19 associated MIS-C developed new neurologic symptoms including encephalopathy, headache, weakness, ataxia, and dysarthria [81] ; two patients had lumbar punctures and CSF was negative for SARS-CoV-2 in both. cache = ./cache/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304010-n4gxxl5i author = Sung, Ho Kyung title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3421 sentences = 179 flesch = 56 summary = To measure the clinical progression and recovery of a patient with COVID-19, we modified an ordinal scale and defined the severity scores as follows 9 : 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen therapy; 3) need for supplemental oxygen therapy via nasal cannula; 4) need for supplemental oxygen therapy via facial mask; 5) need for high-flow supplemental oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation; 6) need for invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy; 8) death. Patients with no data on illness onset (350, 11.4%), disease severity score on admission day (279, 9.1%), or age (2, 0.1%) were excluded from this analysis; b 1, no limitation of daily activities; 2, limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen therapy; 3, need for supplemental oxygen therapy via nasal cannula; 4, need for supplemental oxygen therapy via facial mask; 5, need for high-flow supplemental oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6, need for invasive mechanical ventilation; 7, multi-organ failure or need for ECMO therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303880-zv4nbz9p author = Tsikala Vafea, Maria title = Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5485 sentences = 328 flesch = 42 summary = RESULTS: Key focus areas include the applications of artificial intelligence, the use of Big Data and Internet of Things, the importance of mathematical modeling for predictions, utilization of technology for community screening, the use of nanotechnology for treatment and vaccine development, the utility of telemedicine, the implementation of 3D-printing to manage new demands and the potential of robotics. The technologies in this review include: artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and deep learning, nanomedicine, novel technologies for vaccines development and therapeutics, novel mathematical modeling, big data, internet of things (IoT), telemedicine, robots, and 3D printing technology. Mei et al proposed an AI system based on machine learning and deep learning models that combines demographic (age, sex) and clinical information (laboratory test results, reported symptoms, history of exposure etc.) with chest imaging findings for rapid identification of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304203-lhqvi3j0 author = Barman, Manash Pratim title = COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 98 flesch = 64 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study Kaplan-Meier Product limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test are used to analyze the recovery time of Covid-19 patients. RESULT: From the results of the study, it is found that the average recovery time of Covid-19 patients in India is 25 days (95% C.I. 16 days to 34 days). The average (median) recovery time of Covid-19 patients is estimated by using Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Average recovery time with respect to sex and age of Covid-19 patients are also estimated by using the same method. Log-rank [11] [12] test is used to compare the average recovery time of Covid-19 patients with respect to sex and age. Log-rank test is used to study the recovery time of Covid-19 patients with respect to sex and age and the results are presented in table 3. cache = ./cache/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303791-yw80ndg6 author = Ashique, Karalikkattil T. title = Teledermatology in the Wake of COVID -19 Scenario: An Indian Perspective date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3659 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant healthcare delivery issues could be a good time to plan and implement an effective and enduring teledermatology system for India. World Health Organisation (WHO) has clearly defined telemedicine, [5] whereas in India, we never had a standard guideline for teleconsultation till the Medical Council of India (MCI) brought the directive to provide healthcare using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic period. With broadband services being available throughout the country, telemedicine can be easily practiced even using a patient-initiated model (through mobile applications like WhatsApp, Zoom , Google Duo. etc.) These media have the obvious advantage of the patient being familiar in using them. 1. Patient operated system connecting to the healthcare provider in real time using available modes of texting, imaging, audio, and video facility on smartphone, personal computer, and such devices [Figures 1a, b, 2a, b, 3a , b] 2. cache = ./cache/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304285-mfztp5om author = McNabb-Baltar, Julia title = Lipase Elevation in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1229 sentences = 83 flesch = 47 summary = DISCUSSION: Although a mild elevation in serum lipase was observed in some patients with COVID-19, clinical acute pancreatitis was not seen. A recent report from China described evidence of pancreatic injury, defined as elevated lipase, in up to 17% of active COVID-19 cases (2) . The second patient (a 61-year-old woman with Crohn's disease and serum lipase 275 U/L) reported nausea, vomiting, mild general abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anorexia. Previous reports have described the association between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal manifestations, such as liver injury, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. A recent report from China revealed that up to 17% of patients with COVID-19 presented with some form of pancreatic injury, which was associated with a more severe initial presentation, but not worse outcomes (2) . We recently reported that 48% of patients presenting with elevated lipase exceeding 3 times the upper limit of normal were because of nonpancreatic etiologies, including gastritis/gastroparesis in 12% and enteritis/colitis in 18% (5). cache = ./cache/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304230-rxhoe8cw author = Hay-David, A.G.C. title = Reducing medical error during a pandemic date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1988 sentences = 134 flesch = 56 summary = In this short article we provide some information that might be useful and help equip colleagues to reduce medical error during a pandemic. 12 Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have been used to good effect in the past; for example, providing information for disaster response between authorities and the public during the 2010 Haitian earthquake. 13 It has been suggested, that social media may have a useful role over the more traditional means of reporting to track emergence of disease trends and outbreaks. [14] [15] [16] Analysis of social media use over a 14 week period during the Ebola outbreak identified it as a potential source of surveillance to enhance detection, preparedness, and, the public health response during a crisis (used in addition to traditional surveillance approach). 18 The GMC and the BMA provide guidance on social media use by the medical profession and respect and confidentiality for patients as well as colleagues remains of paramount importance. cache = ./cache/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303731-yrlzxtbw author = Fong, Raymond title = Management of Dysphagia in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Experiences date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2901 sentences = 148 flesch = 42 summary = The global 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating effects not only on healthcare systems worldwide but also on different aspects of the care provided to nursing home residents. This article has summarised the actions taken in this regard and may serve as a reference to clinicians who are responsible for swallowing assessments and dysphagia management in nursing homes. Residents who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 were assessed after discharged to the nursing home as patients with COVID-19 were considered at high risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia [18] , especially those who have been previously intubated [19] . Therefore, standard and at-risk residents should be considered differently with respect to dysphagia assessments and management and personal protective equipment usage. Consequently, a surge in the use of telepractice for dysphagia management in nursing home settings was not observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304124-ym9mf5wz author = Li, Jia title = Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2736 sentences = 155 flesch = 52 summary = title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compared severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) groups. The inclusion criteria were: (1) cohort studies or case-control studies reporting the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV2infection; (2) one or more clinical features were analyzed, including epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, comorbidities, treatment, complications, and outcomes; (3) patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, e.g., severe and non-severe groups or ICU and non-ICU groups. We extracted and analyzed items from eligible studies including the country, year, date of publication, the number of reported cases, sex, age, clinical symptoms and signs, comorbidities, laboratory findings, complications, and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection who had severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) disease. cache = ./cache/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304115-xs54f295 author = Zamaniyan, Marzieh title = Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID‐19 pneumonia and vertical transmission date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1793 sentences = 98 flesch = 51 summary = Given the patient's history and fever and cough, two nasal and throat swab samples were taken and tested to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 with SuperScript III Platinum, Quantitive Real-time PCR system Kits (Invitrogen company, USA) 4 . The RT-PCR tests was positive for amniotic fluid and neonate, suggesting the infant might have been affected intrauterine by COVID-19; therefore, once more, it raised the concerns regarding possible vertical transmission of the virus in mothers with serious illness. In some previous studies, the authors reported 21 healthy babies delivered by infected mothers to COVID-19, but they could not detect the virus in any of the feto-maternal parts namely placenta, amniotic fluid and cord blood [9] [10] [11] . The current case study, once again, raises concerns regarding possible vertical transmission of COVID-19 in pregnant women infected by SARS CoV-2 in contrast to the findings reported in some small studies published previously. cache = ./cache/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304208-jwlc8fxj author = Vagni, Monia title = Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8630 sentences = 360 flesch = 48 summary = Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. As regards the stress that they experience, the literature clearly explains that healthcare and emergency workers who intervene in emergency situations are exposed to the risk of developing dysfunctional reactions that can be identified at different levelsphysical and/or physiological (e.g., psychosomatic disorders, sleep/wake cycle alterations, and sense of tiredness); emotional (e.g., irritability, nervousness, agitation, anger, low self-esteem, and guilt); cognitive (e.g., distractibility, sense of ineffectiveness, and negative anticipation of events); and relational (e.g., increase in conflicts within emergency teams and/or with their organization/institution, and social withdrawal)-and may also develop reactions from secondary trauma (Del Missier et al., 2008; Sbattella, 2009; Argentero and Setti, 2011; Fraccaroli and Balducci, 2011; Bellelli and Di Schiena, 2012; Walton et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304306-rxjahqwh author = Vlachakis, Dimitrios title = Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8517 sentences = 459 flesch = 48 summary = The currently available antiviral option for hospitalized patients is remdesivir, which may inhibit the replication process by targeting the RdRp. Previously proposed treatments for hospitalized patients included hydroxychloroquine, which thought to disrupt virus endocytosis, and lopinavir/ritonavir, which thought to inhibit SARs-CoV-2 main protease (Astuti and Ysrafil, 2020; Magro, 2020) . Silibilin is predicted to have a dual activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection; silibilin can potentially reduce viral replication activity by targeting NSP12 as a remdesivir-like inhibitor, and modulate inflammatory responses by direct inhibition of STAT3 (BoschBarrera et al., 2020) . A recombinant form of the human ACE2 protein was synthesized as a therapeutic treatment for COVID-19, functioning as a decoy for SARS-CoV-2 and essentially preventing the virus from binding to the cell surface ACE2 (Schuster et al., 2010) . Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response cache = ./cache/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303860-jpy373ph author = Huang, Zhifeng title = Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Burns Treatment During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3084 sentences = 164 flesch = 46 summary = During the COVID-19 epidemic, the early stages of emergency treatment for patients with extensive burns requiring the establishment of venous access for rehydration, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, wound treatment, and surgery are the risk points for exposure to infection. Globally, nearly 1.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have now been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) , and more than 92,000 deaths [3] .After initial virus-typing tests, the WHO officially named the new coronavirus causing the Wuhan pneumonia epidemic the "2019 new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)" on 12 January 2020. To risk points of infection exposure during burn treatment according to the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, we obtained patient data, including the sex, age, diagnosis, admission time, operation time, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy operation, central vein puncture operation, anesthesia mode, etc., from the medical records department of the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304035-s9tkyuso author = Inal, Jameel title = Biological Factors Linking ApoE ε4 Variant and Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 958 sentences = 49 flesch = 46 summary = This included an erudite analysis of raised levels of Lp(a) in certain ethnic groups and association with higher frequency of ApoE4 genotypes and risk of severe COVID-19. Compared with the more common ApoE ε3ε3 genotype, the risk of severe COVID-19 for people carrying two ApoE ε4 alleles was doubled (OR = 2.31), including people who had neither developed Alzheimer's disease (AD) (as for the 5.13% COVID-19positive participants) nor cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom two copies of ApoE ε4 also carried increased risk. Besides raised Lp(a), as highlighted by Moriarty et al., other biological effects may link the ApoE ε4ε4 genotype to severe COVID-19. In continuing to explore the possible association of the ApoE ε4 allele with COVID-19, it is useful to remember that ApoE is also linked to susceptibility to infection by viruses [8] (as well as bacteria and parasites, including secondary infection), for example, ApoE4 increasing HIV-1 infection, two copies of ε4 aiding accelerated disease development [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303397-lbpve38s author = Liu, N. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Evidence Map of Medical Literature date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5202 sentences = 285 flesch = 44 summary = March 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, approximately 11 weeks after the first detected case of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China was reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019. In this paper, we summarised the medical literature on COVID-19 between 1 January and 24 March 2020 using evidence maps and bibliometric analysis in order to systematically identify gaps and propose areas for valuable future research. In this paper, we summarised the medical literature on COVID-19 between 1 January and 24 March 2020 using evidence maps and bibliometric analysis in order to systematically identify gaps and propose areas for valuable future research. By article topic and type (Figure 4(a) ), case reports/series on clinical features and diagnosis (n=117, 21·2%) were the most common, followed by general epidemiological research (n=77, 14·0%) comprising mainly of studies that modelled disease trajectory. cache = ./cache/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304157-u0mlee6u author = Nyasulu, Juliet title = The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4420 sentences = 241 flesch = 47 summary = Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and nonhealth departments to increase management capacity. 18, 19 This article looks at the possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the South African health system and proposes possible solutions to maintain the delivery of essential health services whilst fighting the pandemic, with a specific focus on HIV and EPI. Using the documented existing service delivery gaps, we analysed EPI and HIV programmes as examples of priority essential health services to be maintained by South Africa during this emergency period. cache = ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304108-kn9v8qmz author = Aksu, Kurtuluş title = Factors determining COVID‐19 pneumonia severity in a country with routine BCG vaccination date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2648 sentences = 161 flesch = 46 summary = While the rate of cases vaccinated with BCG is lower (68.5% vs 88.2%; p=.026), the mean age (54.0 ± 11.5 years vs 38.3 ±10.7 years; p <.001), diabetes (32.6% vs 5.9%; p=.002) and low income (84.3% vs 52.9% p<.001) are higher in patients with severe disease compared to those with mild disease. Comparison of characteristics of BCG-vaccinated andunvaccinated COVID-19 pneumonia patients revealed that, mean age and low income rate were significantly higher in BCG-unvaccinated subjects compared to BCG-vaccinated subjects. Mean age, rate of diabetes, low-income and BCGvaccination status were the parameters differed significantly between mild and severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients ( Table 3 ). 12, 13 The study population consisted of BCG-vaccinated and -unvaccinated COVID-19 pneumonia cases in order to compare the severity of the disease in the two groups. Accordingly, logistic analysis revealed that increasing age and low income level were predictive of severe disease, whereas BCG vaccination status is not related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304063-yb8rfd8r author = Din, Misbahud title = COVID‐19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 604 sentences = 38 flesch = 57 summary = With the deadly Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading every corner of the developing and developed countries, the threat of another viral disease is now looming large on the horizon. In the coming days, the developing countries might also be facing the dengue fever outbreak, a viral disease known to be spread by mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus 1. COVID-19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries There are also cases of misdiagnosis and coinfection of both the outbreaks as they share clinical manifestation and laboratory features. Measures should be taken to distinguish cases with fever and headache from COVID-19 and dengue fever and these atypical symptoms must trigger alerts in developing countries with high dengue fever incidence. Currently, the community transmission of COVID-19 is on the rise in developing countries and it is feared that the number of cases and deaths would increase in near future. cache = ./cache/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304013-nzigx0k0 author = Lipinski, Tom title = Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12834 sentences = 557 flesch = 47 summary = This paper will discuss the factors affecting air particle properties in-terms of flow dynamics and critically analyse current ventilation strategies and mechanisms and identify areas for improvement in the search for the reduction of indoor infections. The study by the University of Oregon [54, 58] observed that Natural Ventilation with a plentiful supply of fresh air dilutes and removes contaminated air much more effectively than fan driven, recirculated air movement, significantly reducing the risk of infection, as shown in Figure 17 . Displacement ventilation with a generously sized natural inlet is preferred as it can move stale, contaminated air directly to the exhaust of the room in a laminar fashion whilst the concentration of small droplets and airborne particles in the indoor air is significantly reduced. cache = ./cache/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304280-2a84u4tm author = Masic, Izet title = Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4693 sentences = 196 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. Early COVID-19 case reports suggest that patients with underlying conditions are at higher risk for complications or mortality -up to 50% of hospitalized patients have a chronic medical illness (40% cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease). The clinical effects of pneumonia have been linked to increased risk of CVD up to 10-year follow-up (11) and it is likely that cases infected via respiratory virus outbreaks will experience similar adverse outcomes. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a statement advising that patients continue treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), despite widely circulated reports that the agents could worsen coronavirus disease (20) . cache = ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304088-xkg0ylz8 author = Zhu, Han title = Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5532 sentences = 236 flesch = 38 summary = While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. The increased incidence of cardiac injury among those with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRS) and shock in the setting of COVID-19 also highlights an important relationship between the immune response to the virus and the cardiovascular system. Of note, SARS-CoV-2 also contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which is the target of the anti-viral agent remdesivir, currently being studied randomized clinical trials for use against COVID-19 disease [26] . A recent retrospective, multi-center study of 150 patients confirmed that inflammatory markers, including elevated ferritin (mean 1297.6 ng/ml in non-survivors vs 614.0 ng/ml in survivors, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) were associated with more severe COVID-19 infection, suggesting that systemic inflammation may be a significant driver of multi-organ damage [18, 64] . cache = ./cache/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304101-b9na3yf6 author = Yong, Suh Kuan title = Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1777 sentences = 97 flesch = 46 summary = This diagnostic panel is working with Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast DX Real-Time PCR Instrument with SDS 1.4 software; 2) "New coronavirus nucleic acid assay" which targeted on ORF1ab and N genes was developed by Chinese National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention; 3) Molecular test kits from four companies such as Seegene Inc., Kogene Biotech Co. Ltd., Sd Biosensor Inc., and Solgent Co. were approved by Ministry Food and Drug Safety and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which are now widely being used in South Korea. A probe, usually a specific antibody, is needed before a successful viral protein detection method can be developed. As aforementioned, the serology testing of COVID-19 is not targeting the virus itself but the antibodies such as immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) induced following viral infection. Serology testings targeting on viral-induced antibodies are given different information as those for viral RNA and proteins from SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304219-tmlatghe author = Ojha, Rashi title = Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1502 sentences = 84 flesch = 42 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the expeditious adoption of telemedicine, telepsychiatry and digital health interventions, but there are existing barriers to continue the utilization of these services. cache = ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304282-om2xc4bs author = Berhan, Yifru title = Will Africa be Devastated by Covid-19 as Many Predicted? Perspective and Prospective date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5345 sentences = 235 flesch = 57 summary = Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19 or SARS CoV-2 infection) has been declared as pandemic, several mathematicians and statisticians have developed different trajectory curves for Africa, with the assumption that the virus can have an exponential pattern of transmission. A very important argument is; had the Covid-19 transmission been as contagious as in Europe and USA, by this time, every health facility in Africa and other tropical countries could have been flooded with severely ill patients and deaths. The other side of the coin is; the overwhelming cases and deaths experienced in Europe and USA is despite the fact that they started to report Covid-19 confirmed cases almost same time or later than many of the countries in the tropical climate zone. An important observation was that, like the currently observed Covid-19 pandemic, the morbidity and mortality of the aforementioned influenza outbreaks were not that much spreading and killing outside the temperate zone, at least in Africa. cache = ./cache/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304379-4mfyxp6h author = Wang, Jin title = Mathematical models for COVID-19: applications, limitations, and potentials date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1561 sentences = 77 flesch = 35 summary = (5) conducted computational modeling of potential epidemic trajectories to estimate the outbreak size in Wuhan, China, and their results indicated that control measures need to block well over 60% of transmission to be effective in containing the outbreak. Incorporating such an environment-tohuman route into mathematical modeling may better characterize the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and potentially gain deeper understanding of its epidemic patterns. For example, many countries (China in particular) implemented strong disease control measures, including large-scale quarantine, intensive tracking of movement and contact, strict isolation of infected individuals, expanded medical facilities, and social distancing, which can effectively (and, in some places, rapidly) reduce the transmissibility of the virus. Mathematical epidemic models are well positioned to incorporate the economic impact of COVID-19, to quantify the interaction of epidemiological and economic factors, and to suggest an optimal balance between the pandemic control and economic development. cache = ./cache/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304352-zdxztb5h author = Montgomery, Robert A. title = COVID-19, Health, Conservation, and Shared Wellbeing: Details Matter date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 904 sentences = 61 flesch = 57 summary = We highlight that millions of people around the world depend on markets for subsistence and the diverse use of animals globally defies uniform bans. Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, a marketplace in Wuhan, China has been identified as a hotspot for the early spread, and perhaps origin, of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 [1] . Currently, wildlife can be legally traded for a variety of consumptive and consumerist purposes at costs, sometimes devastatingly measurable to human health, all too often to animal welfare and conservation, and which COVID-19 reveals now to be extraordinarily high. We note here that millions of people around the world depend on meat, often wild-caught, traded in markets and rural communities for subsistence [15] . World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife--threats to biodiversity and human health cache = ./cache/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304313-nuz5yvht author = Esser, Charlotte title = COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed! date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1182 sentences = 57 flesch = 45 summary = A literature search and the authors' own interests immediately identify a number of areas, where toxicological and environmental health issues arise, and such expertise is necessary. The toxic effects of smoking are a long-term area of research for toxicologists, and there are hard-core toxicological mechanisms to be discovered and addressed here, such as the role of oxidative stress, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, and latent inflammatory responses. A possible contribution of high air pollution exposure to disease severity, for instance, due to its pro-inflammatory effects and the respiratory or cardiac damage it causes, was pointed out by Italian researchers, whose data suggest such a link (Fattorini and Regoli 2020) for Northern Italy, or by American and Chinese researchers for California and Wuhan, respectively. Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy cache = ./cache/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304356-jyp9gjh9 author = Grant, Rogan A. title = Alveolitis in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is driven by self-sustaining circuits between infected alveolar macrophages and T cells date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7453 sentences = 427 flesch = 44 summary = We performed single cell RNA-Seq in 5 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from patients with severe COVID-19 within 48 hours of intubation. b. Sankey diagram illustrating relationship between number of BAL samples from participants with COVID-19, other viral pneumonia, non-viral pneumonia (other pneumonia) and non-pneumonia controls 1) enrolled in the SCRIPT study (534 samples), 2) analyzed via flow cytometry (344 samples), 3) bulk RNA-seq on flow-sorted alveolar macrophages (243 samples) and 4) single-cell RNA-seq (6 samples). To define the immune cell profile over the course of severe SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, we analyzed 116 samples from 61 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in our cohort. As our analysis of transcriptomic data from alveolar macrophages suggested that SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is uniquely associated with the activation of pathways induced by interferons, we looked for the expression of type I interferons in our single cell dataset. cache = ./cache/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304490-q9ab1pji author = Iqbal, Najaf title = Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3770 sentences = 195 flesch = 55 summary = We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. In such a scenario, it is interesting to know how the Chinese RMB exchange rate moved with the emerging situation of the covid-19 outbreak, explicitly speaking the number of new daily confirmed cases in Wuhan during this period. This study attempts to document the relationship between local weather (Temperature), economy (Exchange rate of RMB), and covid-19 outbreak (Daily number of new confirmed covid-19 cases) in the Chinese city of Wuhan where it was first reported, using wavelet analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304327-mtkgr542 author = Jouffroy, Romain title = Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 650 sentences = 44 flesch = 55 summary = Based on retrospective data, we aimed to describe the discrepancy between prehospital initial RR (RRi) and initial SpO2 (Spo2i; i.e., before oxygen supplementation, FiO2 = 21%) in COVID-19 patients suffering from ARF. After having measured the SpO2i/RRi values in COVID-19 patients, we compared them to those of non-COVID-19 patients (i.e., patients with other causes of ARF treated by the BLS teams over the previous 3 years in the same period). In summary, this retrospective study based on prehospital first responder data highlighted a relatively higher discrepancy between SpO2i and RRi in COVID-19 ARF patients, in comparison with previous non-COVID-19 ARF patients. Fig. 1 Scatter plot representing the initial SPO2 (SPO2i) and initial respiration rate (RRi) values for each patient, for COVID-19 (March 2020) and non-COVID-19 patients from the previous 3 years. RRi, initial respiratory rate; SpO2i, initial pulse oximetry value; N, number of patients included cache = ./cache/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304418-k9owyolj author = Le Maréchal, M. title = COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6288 sentences = 367 flesch = 49 summary = Plasmatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported but only with low viral titers, and mainly in clinically severe cases [44] ; bloodstream infectivity has yet to be demonstrated. The first large clinical trial published on LPV/RTV on SARS-CoV-2 compared 99 patients receiving the antiviral vs 100 receiving SoC alone [124] ; there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary end point (time to improvement) (15 vs 16 days, p=0.09). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304526-hoybp1h6 author = Kwon, Ki Tae title = Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1484 sentences = 86 flesch = 53 summary = For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Personal protective equipment (PPE) of inner and outer gloves, N95 respirator, eye-shield/face shield/goggles, and hooded coverall/gown is required for the HCWs who may have direct contact with testees. Specimen collection Drive-through COVID screening center is important since the examination work requires professionalism among all the DT stages, and this manpower pool is sparse during an outbreak situation. The main timeconsuming factor in the conventional COVID-19 screening system is the time required for ventilation and cleaning of the specimen collection room. 8 However, this time for ventilation and cleaning is not required for the DT screening system because testees' cars are used as specimen collection rooms. In addition to the improved efficiency, the DT screening system can also exclude the risk of cross-infection between testees at the waiting space of conventional screening centers, for testees' own cars work as isolation units throughout the test course. cache = ./cache/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304340-9mrtic2k author = Karacan, Ilker title = The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2988 sentences = 181 flesch = 54 summary = Although SARS-CoV-2 has a lower mutation rate than expected [18] , real-time tracking of the virus isolates in populations may help epidemiological understanding of the disease and early detection of important mutational or recombination events. Herein, we analyzed full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from three patients in Istanbul together with their clinical findings. Sample Collection: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from unrelated patients and tested for SARS-CoV-2 presence as a standard care protocol for routine diagnosis in Umraniye Training and Research Hospital (UEAH), Istanbul. The physical examination in the emergency department revealed a body temperature of 36.8°C, blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, the pulse of 100 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation of 97% while the patient was breathing ambient air. Herein, we report three virus genomes isolated in Istanbul for the first time together with patients' clinical findings. cache = ./cache/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304399-7t2mu13s author = Wynne, Keona Jeane title = Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12082 sentences = 595 flesch = 45 summary = Many healthcare professionals, emergency services staff and humanitarian workers, as well as organisational leaders and policy-makers are shaken by powerlessness, guilt and fear from witnessing COVID-19 deaths which could have been avoided with better preparation; from being aware of the suffering and loneliness of those who are dying, while all available staff are needed to fight for the lives of those with higher chances of survival; or, with a growing likelihood, from contemplating decisions about withholding or withdrawing critical treatment because of severe resource limitations. Yet until the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges were not openly discussed in the context of palliative care-including in the WHO guide which is our main focuseven if they were a way of life for many humanitarian and emergency workers and intuitively sensed by individuals external to the sectors. cache = ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304321-y177sqee author = Cho, Ryan H. W. title = Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4375 sentences = 192 flesch = 43 summary = We hope that our experiences will serve as pearls for otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel working in institutes that serve large numbers of patients every day, particularly with regard to the sharing of clinical and administrative tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2003 outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong, the initial phase of outbreak began in Prince of Wales Hospital with a carrier of coronavirus in a medical ward causing widespread infection to patients and medical staff through the use of nebulizer for bronchodilators which facilitated the transmission of the virus through aerosol spread. Health seminars on COVID-19, which were organized by the infection control team to all hospital staff on daily basis across the whole month, provided a direct platform from which to educate healthcare personnel about the virus, its mode of transmission, the course of the disease, management and the mortality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304328-6lwhuido author = Khaled, Arwa title = The Knowledge and Attitude of the Community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, Toward COVID-19 and Their Precautionary Measures Against the Disease date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3834 sentences = 202 flesch = 51 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that residents of the Aseer Region have high knowledge of, demonstrate a positive attitude toward, and use appropriate precautionary measures against COVID-19, which is associated with obtaining information about the virus from the Ministry of Health website. This cross-sectional online study was designed to assess the level of knowledge and overall attitude of the community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. In summary, this study confirms that residents of the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, have good knowledge of, demonstrate a positive attitude toward, and use appropriate precautionary measures against COVID-19, which is associated with obtaining information about the virus from the MOH website. cache = ./cache/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304429-qmcrvufu author = Deepmala, title = Analysis and prediction of Covid-19 spreading through Bayesian modelling with a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3287 sentences = 178 flesch = 59 summary = This study focuses on the analysis and the prediction of the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, using logistic and Gompertz nonlinear regression model, which are accord with the statistical law of epidemiology. By using the results of the non-linear models fitted by least square estimation (LSE), we define the prior distribution of the parameters of the Bayesian non-linear models for estimating and predicting the cumulative and the daily confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases of Uttar Pradesh state. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the cumulative and the daily number of confirmed cases, deceased cases, and recovered cases of COVID-19 in Uttar Pradesh respectively and the fitted curve by the Baysian non-linear regression model using the prior information. Also, Watanabe Akaike information criterion (WAIC) is computed from the fitting of Bayesian Gompertz and logistic models to the data of the cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative deceased cases, and cumulative recovered cases of COVID-19 in UP, India. cache = ./cache/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304474-hfv43e9m author = Marchese, Valentina title = Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2385 sentences = 127 flesch = 39 summary = CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 59-year-old Italian patient treated with high dose intravenous dexamethasone and two intravenous doses of Tocilizumab for interstitial bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed itching, abdominal pain, and an increased eosinophil count. stercoralis infection following an 11-day treatment with high-dose steroids and Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19. This controlled, open-label randomized trial provides evidence that treatment with dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg once daily for up to 10 days reduces 28-day mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who are receiving oxygen supply, but not among those receiving no respiratory support. A dedicated strategy based on epidemiological risk stratification has been recently proposed to prevent Strongyloides hyperinfection/disseminated infection for COVID-19 patients undergoing steroids [25] . In conclusion, we report the first case of strongyloidiasis following high-dose steroid and tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304495-j3kh7tou author = Ohnleiter, Thomas title = Organisation d’un service de radiothérapie pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19 : expérience du centre hospitalier de Mulhouse date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2910 sentences = 253 flesch = 61 summary = Leur organisation pendant la période épidémique vise à assurer la continuité des soins tout en limitant le risque de décès dû à une contamination par le SARS-CoV-2 (virus responsable de la COVID-19). Dans le service de radiothérapie du groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse et Sud-Alsace, cette organisation s'articule en cinq points : la protection des personnels médicaux et paramédicaux, la protection des patients en cours de traitement, la détection des patients suspects d'être atteints de COVID-19 et leur prise en charge, la réorganisation du circuit patient et les mesures concernant l'organisation du système qualité du service. Dans le service de radiothérapie du groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse et Sud-Alsace, cette organisation s'articule en cinq points : la protection des personnels médicaux et paramédicaux, la protection des patients en cours de traitement, la détection des patients suspects d'être atteints de COVID-19 et leur prise en charge, la réorganisation du circuit patient et les mesures concernant l'organisation du système qualité du service. cache = ./cache/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author = Goodarzi, Pedram title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8098 sentences = 434 flesch = 41 summary = Finally, recently, a case report study from Japan shows that orally inhaled ciclesonide alleviates the local inflammation in the lung of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and inhibits the propagation of the virus by antiviral activity [60] . In the same way, a recent case-report study showed that the adoptive transfer therapy of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to a Chinese female patient afflicted with acute COVID19 syndromes improved her laboratory tests and CT images [69] . In vitro evidence of activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero E6 cells reported with high concentrations of the drug [104, 105, 142] FPV significantly improved the latency to relief for pyrexia and cough [99] FPV in patients with COVID-19 led to decrease of viral load and significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm [98] cache = ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304636-houm2zcu author = Guillan, Marta title = Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1088 sentences = 59 flesch = 42 summary = • In the occurrence of new-onset neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we should suspect an acute ischemic stroke and not assume that it is secondary to the respiratory syndrome (hypoxia). J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f syndrome, neurological manifestations have been described in more than a third of patients, both in mild-moderate cases of the infection, as associated or as a complication in severe and critical cases. An unenhanced brain CT We, therefore, present an unusual case of simultaneous multivessel cerebral infarctions, without known extracerebral thrombotic events, in a patient with a moderate COVID-19 who did not develop acute respiratory distress syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation. It seems clear that patients with severe COVID-19 may suffer an ischaemic stroke or cerebral venous thrombosis because of the hypercoagulability that coincides with the critical illness [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304388-pth2d40p author = Lai, Chih-Cheng title = Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4374 sentences = 284 flesch = 53 summary = Abstract Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. 11, 15 Similarly, the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team in China reported that 66.7% (n Z 29,798) of 44,672 cases of COVID-19 of varying degrees of severity were between 20 and 60 years of age. First, the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 ranges from the asymptomatic carrier state to severe pneumonia; however, most early reports only showed the findings of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, in which the ratio of male patients was much larger than that of female patients, there were no pediatric cases, and the mortality rate was high. cache = ./cache/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304550-6j1pb1pu author = Yongchen, Zhang title = Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2032 sentences = 108 flesch = 43 summary = Here, we conducted a serial investigation on 21 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two medical centres from Jiangsu Province, including 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients, and 5 severe COVID-19 patients and 5 asymptomatic carriers based on nucleic acid test and clinical symptoms. In this respective study, we serially analysed the virus RNA test results in swab samples, along with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG responses among 21 COVID-19 patients at the Second Hospital of Nanjing and the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University in Jiangsu Province, China. Our serial SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing identified a prolonged viral shedding for asymptomatic cases compared to COVID-19 patients, suggesting the importance of early identification and timely quarantine for these asymptomatic carriers. It is possible that significantly high level of SARS-CoV-2 viral load observed in severe cases [8, 9] drives an early antibody response produced by immediate activation of extrafollicular B cells during acute infection [10, 11] . cache = ./cache/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304573-3nhglbw4 author = Bola, Sumrit title = COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal? date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3400 sentences = 179 flesch = 53 summary = The survey was open on a web-based platform and covered topics including safety measures for patients, protective equipment for healthcare staff and protocols for the use of flexible nasendoscopy in the clinic. 1 Personal protective equipment used in clinic (PPE) 2 Number of patients booked into a clinic 3 Patient screening prior to the clinic appointment 4 Risk assessment and protocols for flexible nasendoscopy 5 Outpatient room ventilation and room air changes per hour (ACPH) 6 Downtime associated with an Aerosol-Generating Procedure (AGP). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients that otolaryngologists had booked into a 4-h outpatient clinic ranged from 6 to 15 for a single clinic and 14-20 for a joint head and neck cancer (HNC) follow-up clinic, with the majority of clinicians seeing 12 patients (mean = 12.8, standard deviation = 2.5). cache = ./cache/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304791-wv4qu9xm author = Carfora, Vincenzo title = Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3568 sentences = 193 flesch = 41 summary = Besides the respiratory involvement, COVID 19 patients frequently develop a pro-coagulative state caused by virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, cytokine storm and complement cascade hyperactivation. [11] enrolled 183 consecutive COVID-19 patients and performed routine coagulation tests [PT, [8] In COVID-19-patients it is common to observe increased fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels Chen, 2020 [9] In COVID-19-patients it is common to observe variable levels of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and International standardized ratio (INR) Qin, 2020 [15] In COVID-19 the hyperinflammation mediated by IL-1, TNF-alfa and IL-6 leads to an increase of plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Campbell, 2020 [19] In a murine model of MERS-CoV infection, increased concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were found in sera and lung tissues. Moreover, patients with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia have high levels of circulating asymmetric di-methyl-arginine (ADMA) [28] , an analogue of L-arginine that inhibits NOS-3 activity [29] , and this leads to lower NO levels; this explains why endothelial dysfunction and the pro-coagulant state are more severe in this cohort of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304656-v0fyb161 author = Balayla, J. title = Prevalence Threshold and Temporal Interpretation of Screening Tests: The Example of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2130 sentences = 137 flesch = 56 summary = In consequence, there is an inflection point of maximum curvature in the screening curve defined as a function of the sensitivity and specificity beyond which the rate of change of a test's PPV declines sharply relative to disease prevalence. Understanding where this prevalence point lies in the curve has important implications for the interpretation of test results, the administration of healthcare systems, the implementation of public health measures, and in cases of pandemics like SARS-CoV-2, the functioning of society at large. To illustrate the methods herein described, we provide the example of the screening strategies used in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, and calculate the prevalence threshold statistic of different tests available today. In contrast to RT-PCR screening, COVID-19 testing with serology can 150 delineate immune individuals at a prevalence threshold as low as 4.3%. cache = ./cache/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304450-1ub3xzsv author = Ralph, Paul title = Pandemic programming: How COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10239 sentences = 616 flesch = 50 summary = Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers' wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Research question: How is working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting software developers' emotional wellbeing and productivity? (2007) found that organizational and job-related factors (e.g. management culture, human resources support, structure of feedback) are more likely to affect teleworking employees' satisfaction and perceived productivity than work styles (e.g. planning vs. Research on working from home has been criticized for relying on self-reports of perceived productivity, which may inflate its benefits (Bailey and Kurland 2002) ; however, objective measures often lack construct validity (Ralph and Tempero 2018) and perceived productivity correlates well with managers' appraisals (Baruch 1996) . cache = ./cache/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304928-qcwtgx2b author = Pasini, Elena title = EEG findings in COVID-19 related encephalopathy date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1148 sentences = 64 flesch = 51 summary = patients showing a unique EEG pattern, i.e., non-reactive bifrontal monomorphic diphasic periodic delta waves, and suggested that this pattern could be typical of COVID-19 brain dysfunction (Vellieux et al., 2020) . Here we report the EEG findings in 15 patients with suspected COVID-19 related encephalopathy, stemming from a population of 873 patients admitted to our hospital in a 3 months period (from March 1 to May 31, 2020) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Absent EEG reactivity with bifrontal monomorphic periodic delta waves was reported by Vellieux et al., who suggested that this pattern could be specific of COVID-19 related encephalopathy (Vellieux et al., 2020) . In detail, we have shown that COVID-19 related encephalopathy may be associated with a rather homogeneous EEG pattern consisting of a diffuse slowing of the background activity and loss of reactivity to external stimuli. cache = ./cache/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304766-h9kuytuf author = Lei, Hao title = Non-pharmaceutical interventions used to control COVID-19 reduced seasonal influenza transmission in China date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1759 sentences = 89 flesch = 45 summary = To suppress the COVID-19 pandemic, from January 23-25, 2020, 30 provinces began a 1-level response and implemented a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including not only the classical isolation of the confirmed/suspected cases and quarantine of their close contacts in special facilities, but also unprecedented measures like strict community containments with social distancing, such as the Wuhan city travel ban to prevent the exportation of cases from Wuhan and other priority areas of Hubei Province, extension of the Spring Festival holiday, suspension of traffic and transportation, closure of school and entertainment venues, banning of mass gathering activities, compulsory community use of facemasks in public areas, and information about the epidemic and prevention measures widely disseminated, public risk communications and health education strengthened, new hospital built to ensure that all cases could be treated [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304664-rha9pwob author = Liu, N. title = High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 126 flesch = 57 summary = title: High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of COVID-19 (OR=4.123) and CD4/CD8 ratio(OR=4.050) were the co-directional impact factor while female(OR=0.146) was inverse impact factor of elevated AngII level. Keywords: 2019 Novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin II(AngII), gender differences This study reported a high rate of increased level of AngII in COVID-19 patients, which could be verified with the study above. This study showed a significant difference in the severity of COVID-19 in the elevated AngII group, and the severity of COVID-19 was a risk factor of increased AngII level. However, this study revealed significant gender differences in the mean baseline values for plasma Ang II among COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304802-44m7u1oz author = Settersten, Richard A. title = Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11405 sentences = 454 flesch = 45 summary = We explore the pandemic's implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. Because Covid-19 is a viral pandemic, we begin with its implications for health and then turn to matters of personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. In many countries, there have been increases in volunteering or helping others, especially The greater uncertainty created by the pandemic over the short and long term is likely to have somewhat different effects by age, social class, gender, and race/ethnicity and be modified by a country's welfare system and the emergency interventions of its institutions. cache = ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304956-zqm5fl38 author = Vinayachandran, Divya title = Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID‐19? date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 619 sentences = 33 flesch = 54 summary = Dear Editor, More recently, researchers have reported about the chemosensory alterations observed in patients with COVID-19 (Giacomelli et al., 2020) . Therefore, in patients reporting with both olfactory and taste disturbances in COVID-19, the possibility of an underlying olfactory disturbance should be considered as the primary aetiology. Whereas, the patients who reported only with dysgeusia and ageusia, in the absence of any olfactory disorders, have to be highlighted, since this could be the first report of any oral manifestation associated with COVID-19. Hence, this could be a possible reason for the taste disturbance, observed in COVID-19 patients. It was earlier reported that ACE2 receptors in the epithelial cells of the salivary glands of rhesus macaques were an initial target for the SARS coronavirus (Liu et al., 2011) . Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304610-6o3hydg6 author = Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde title = Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2318 sentences = 134 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde; Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade; Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab; Folorunso, Jamiu Bello; Akinbolaji, Thompson; Olawoye, Idowu Bolade In this study, we assessed the various forms of laboratory responses to the containment, risk analyses, structures and features of COVID‐19 in high incidence African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, etc.) to aid better and efficient laboratory responses to the highly infectious diseases. Laboratory professionals play essential roles in diagnosis, epidemiologic surveillance and monitoring of patients with suspected and established cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19; Lippi & Plebani, 2020) . In this study, an attempt is made to unravel the underlying testing procedures adopted by high incidence African nations (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Algeria) with attendant efficacy relative to their population density. cache = ./cache/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304601-e6qlx1r6 author = Garcez, Flavia Barreto title = Delirium and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3484 sentences = 223 flesch = 40 summary = A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has indicated that geriatric patients account for almost half of hospital admissions and up to 80% of deaths associated with COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, the most severe presentation of the disease. 16 Therefore, our aims were to investigate the occurrence of delirium in a cohort of older adults hospitalized with COVID-19, and explore its association with adverse outcomes in this population. 21 Although these findings stress the relevance of impaired consciousness as a predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical meaning of delirium as a full syndrome was not addressed in the study. In our study, we found consistent evidence that delirium is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Unlike previous studies, we demonstrated the association between delirium not only with in-hospital death but also with length of stay, intensive care admission and ventilator utilization. cache = ./cache/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304895-fw7qt571 author = Belhouideg, Soufiane title = Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2568 sentences = 186 flesch = 53 summary = This study highlights the impact of 3D printing on the combat against COVID19, and its importance in the medical product supply chain. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. 12, 13 Using this technology, the developed open-source designs of medical equipment are shared freely. Then, people from the 3D printing community have developed a variety of reusable PPE products using low-cost desktop 3D printers, such as N95 masks, surgical masks, face shields, and Controlled Air Purifying Respirator (CAPR) system. Chagas et al 24 summarize several open source projects to fabricate personal protective equipment and the developed approaches in COVID-19 diagnostics. Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304780-lbq70q11 author = Han, Changwoo title = Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5548 sentences = 232 flesch = 50 summary = The aim of this study was to use currently available data to estimate the acute health benefits of PM 2.5 reduction and changes in public behavior, which were changes experienced by Korean citizens in their daily lives during the COVID-19 crisis. With the conservative estimation of a 4.1 µg/m 3 decrease in PM 2.5 and RRs from the MCC study, we found that 37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) non-accidental; 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) cardiovascular; and 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.1) respiratory mortalities were avoided because of the reduction in PM 2.5 from January to April in 2020 compared to those of the previous 4 years. Because using a particulate-filtrating respirator may decrease the absolute level of PM 2.5 exposure for an individual, the health benefit related to air pollution during the COVID-19 crisis may be larger than our current estimation of 37 persons. cache = ./cache/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304603-u7cph27q author = Chen, Shi title = Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1712 sentences = 121 flesch = 60 summary = We model the features capped by the explicit treatment of the borrowing firm's credit risk, the optimal guaranteed rate-setting, and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The features of the model include the capped credit risk from the borrowing firm, the premature risk structure captured by the barrier call, the imperfect competition reflected by the optimal guaranteed rate determination, and the COVID-19 outbreak expressed by the structural break in volatility. We complement the literature of the asset-liability matching management by taking into account the explicit treatment of the borrowing firm's capped credit risk to evaluate the equity of the insurer. We suggest that the capped down-and-out call option model is intimately relevant to the optimal guaranteed rate-setting strategy, policyholder protection, insurer hedging, and the COVID-19 outbreak. In this paper, the down-and-out call option approach (Grosen and Jørgensen, 2002 ) is applied to a life insurer-borrowing firm situation because the recent respectively; however, the policy market is imperfectly competitive, where the insurer is the guaranteed rate-setter (see Polborn, 1998) . cache = ./cache/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304838-r9w8milu author = Olaseni, Abayomi O. title = Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4986 sentences = 222 flesch = 43 summary = From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. However, prevalence estimates analysis revealed that majority of the male respondents (65.1%) had no clinical insomnia, 20.8% of the male participants reported sub-threshold level of insomnia, 8.2% of the respondents had moderate insomnia symptoms, while 5.9% of the male respondents presented severe clinical insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though this study recorded no significant difference between the gender (male and female) experiences of insomnia, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms and anxiety, the study result reported a relevant prevalence of outcomes of psychological distress among the general public in Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304966-w2voi8en author = Cummings, Cori title = Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From the Buckle of the Stroke Belt date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1581 sentences = 97 flesch = 56 summary = 2 Despite concern for increased risk of stroke, many centers reported a significant decline in number of patients presenting with strokes during the pandemic. [3] [4] [5] This alarming drop raised concern that patients with stroke may be reluctant to seek medical care in the setting of the pandemic. Other studies have reported a decline in stroke presentations throughout the United States and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, our study is unique because it presents patient-level data in an area of high stroke rate and significant racial disparity. An important finding in our study is that a lower percentage of Black patients presented with strokes during the pandemic. This finding is alarming, as many studies have highlighted existing racial disparities in stroke care, with Black patients having both higher risk factors as well as higher in-hospital mortality and burden of stroke disability. cache = ./cache/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304813-10n1ol1g author = Piccolo, Vincenzo title = Chilblain‐like lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: should we really worry? date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 245 sentences = 22 flesch = 54 summary = key: cord-304813-10n1ol1g cord_uid: 10n1ol1g The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide in a few months. 3 During the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy, pediatric dermatologists received pictures from pediatricians reporting young patients with pernio-like lesions. 4 The clinical features appeared to be stereotypical, with the sudden onset of slightly painful or pruritic violaceous plaques and nodules, someWe actually think that after the first negative results of the screening program, the correlation of these lesions with the COVID-19 infection is far from being confirmed, so clinicians have not to worry parents, avoiding to forward urgently children to the nearest hospital to perform all the COVID examinations. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSEE) at JohnHopkins University (JHU). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients cache = ./cache/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author = Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title = Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5320 sentences = 286 flesch = 40 summary = title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. We counted numbers of megakaryocytes in the lungs and the hearts of 7 COVID-19 cases and, for comparison, 9 cases of patients who died with ARDS of other causes, selected as a convenience sample from autopsies previously performed at the National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2020. Previous pathology studies, identified by searching PubMed on June 7, 2020 for the terms "COVID-19 00 and "autopsy" or "histopathology", have reported findings in multiple organs, including thrombi on gross inspection, but did not use special stains to identify megakaryocytes and platelets in tissues of patients dying with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304576-ds3udegk author = Sommerstein, Rami title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Do Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect? date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1458 sentences = 103 flesch = 51 summary = Most patients with cardiovascular comorbidities qualify for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. 4 Of note, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the receptor angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) 2 for entry into target cells. 17, 18, 19 In animal studies, ACEIs and ARBs have been shown in rodents to increase the expression of ACE2 mRNA in different organs and tissues, including heart, kidney, and the aorta. However, no significant differences in expression levels were observed in patients treated with ARBs. 22 Beside age and sex, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus may upregulate ACE2. 25, 26 Similarly, in animal studies, ACEIs/ ARBs have been shown to upregulate ACE2 activity; thereby, they may possibly be favorable once patients are infected with COVID-19. Possibly, we are dealing here with a doubleedged sword, depending on the phase of the disease: increased baseline ACE2 expression could potentially increase infectivity and ACEI/ARB use would be an addressable risk factor. cache = ./cache/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305000-yx4fu9ds author = Riley, Matthew J. title = Hereditary haemochromatosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and COVID-19 date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2256 sentences = 131 flesch = 43 summary = Background Syndromes of iron overload have been shown to increase the risk of severe clinical disease in viral infections. We present here the case of a 51-year-old man who developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). What does exist, however, is an evidence base for the detrimental impacts iron overload has on viral infections in general and the negative effects of HH on the immune system. Loss of structural integrity of the mutant HFE protein results in reduced expression on the extracellular surface and causes cellular uptake of iron to increase [7] . Homozygous and heterozygous mutations in HFE C282Y have been shown to cause hepatic iron overload promoting steatosis and liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients [1] . The case shows a patient with hyperinflammation and COVID-19 with an underlying diagnosis of HH that was treated with Anakinra, that went on to develop hepatotoxicity, possibly as a result. cache = ./cache/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304746-7yzybukk author = Li, Xinye title = Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4581 sentences = 251 flesch = 48 summary = title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review BACKGROUND: Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 highquality retrospective studies systematically evaluated the risk of severe disease, ICU admission, or death associated with COVID-19-related cardiac injury performance. Our analysis suggests that COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, and death. cache = ./cache/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305048-y42o6exe author = Sugimoto, Hiroshi title = Chest tube with air leaks is a potential “super spreader” of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 327 sentences = 32 flesch = 64 summary = key: cord-305048-y42o6exe title: Chest tube with air leaks is a potential "super spreader" of COVID-19 cord_uid: y42o6exe [2] There is a concern that aerosols may also be generated from the chest tube, especially with air leaks, even after placement. We performed chest tube drainage and diagnosed an acute empyema with a bronchopleural fistula causing persistent air leaks. We strictly used personal protective equipment; nevertheless, another 7 people (2 physicians and 5 nurses) associated with the patient were infected with COVID-19. The outbreak of COVID-19 in our hospital was thought to be related to aerosols produced by the chest tube with air leaks. Further research is required to determine whether chest tubes with air leaks are a source of infectious aerosols. However, we clinicians should be attentive to the risk of nosocomial infection with COVID-19 due to chest tubes. COVID-19: chest drains with air leak -the silent 'super spreader cache = ./cache/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305025-pqye1ebh author = Sharifi, Majid title = Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: challenges and opportunities date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3583 sentences = 226 flesch = 44 summary = The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world is a tragic and shocking event that demonstrates the unpreparedness of humans to develop quick diagnostic platforms for novel infectious diseases. In conclusion, it can be deduced that as rapid COVID-19 detection infection can play a vital role in disease control and treatment, this review may be of great help for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak by providing some necessary information for the development of portable, accurate, selectable and simple nanobiosensors. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid 637 protein in human serum using a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence fiber-optic 638 RNA as a control for multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR detection of influenza 790 virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification 829 method for rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Rapid COVID-19 detection causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human 933 nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor cache = ./cache/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304946-fs02dxg5 author = Brochez, L. title = Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1061 sentences = 68 flesch = 53 summary = title: Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic On the other hand, decreases in some non-COVID19 health problems have been observed, e.g. myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed cancers among which esp. In this position paper, we describe recommendations developed by the Belgian Association of Dermato-Oncology (BADO) for prioritization of patients in the field of dermato-oncology during COVID19 pandemic without compromising quality of care and safety. Alternatively they can be asked to use alcohol 70% desinfectant • If patients have a face mask (or the dermatology practice can provide one) they should be asked to wear it. • The dermatologist who performs a total body examination with dermoscopy should wear a face mask and wash/desinfect hands. Skin cancer triage and management during COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients cache = ./cache/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304872-hnxmtbrf author = Lv, Hao title = Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3433 sentences = 204 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVES: To investigate olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan using a telephone interview. The characteristics of the patient's disease course and recovery time for olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunctions (OD and/or GD) were collected by telephone interview. Two hypotheses might explain the low prevalence of OD and/ or GD reported in the Chinese study: First, the number of Chinese patients with COVID-19 who exhibit olfactory or gustatory disorders is indeed lower. Furthermore, all previous studies were limited to the acute phase with a short follow-up period, which might not reflect the recovery regularity of olfactory and/or gustatory impairment in patients with COVID 19. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and recovery time of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection who were discharged from non-intensive care units 3 months earlier in China. cache = ./cache/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305057-elglyass author = Dutt, Tina title = Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa—the Missing Factor? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1371 sentences = 71 flesch = 35 summary = Klok and colleagues reported a 31% cumulative incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis, increasing to 49% after adjustment for competing risk of death, despite anticoagulant therapy in patients admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU). The authors advised that anticoagulant treatment should be guided by anti-factor Xa (anti-FXa) activity and that higher targets would likely be required (5) . We reviewed anti-FXa activity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection, all receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg once daily, creatinine clearance of .30 ml/min, and platelet count of .30 3 10 9 /L (7). Patients admitted with COVID-19 now receive weight-adjusted LMWH thromboprophylaxis with anti-FXa-guided dose escalation/reduction to achieve target anticoagulation levels. Taken in the clinical context, patients who require higher levels of ventilation or develop ARDS may warrant increased doses of LMWH thromboprophylaxis, resulting in discordant anti-FXa activity. cache = ./cache/cord-305057-elglyass.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305057-elglyass.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304898-he57l0y7 author = Belghmaidi, Sarah title = Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Presenting with Unilateral Diplopia and Strabismus in a 24-Year-Old Woman with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1666 sentences = 104 flesch = 49 summary = Patient: Female, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Third cranial nerve palsy in a women presenting COVID-19 Symptoms: Ophthalmoplegia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is the causative agent of a serious disease that is of great global public health concern. We describe the case of a patient with an incomplete palsy of the left third cranial nerve sparing the pupils in the context of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with confirmed COVID-19, which presented with acute onset of diplopia and strabismus of the left eye that occurred 3 days after the start of general symptoms. A previously healthy 24-year-old woman, with no medical history (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, vasculitis, smoking, obesity, familial neurological disease, or other risk factors for ischemic ophthalmoplegia), presented to the Emergency Department for acute onset of strabismus and diplopia of the left eye, evolving for 3 days. cache = ./cache/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305044-lrxzeysw author = Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title = An Invited commentary on ‘’ Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article’’ date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 356 sentences = 24 flesch = 46 summary = key: cord-305044-lrxzeysw title: An Invited commentary on '' Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article'' cord_uid: lrxzeysw To date more than 10 000 000 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, due to SARS COV-2. Laparoscopic surgery should be offered to a small number of patients because of increased risk of SARS COV-2 transmission. In case of performing laparoscopic surgery, the following precautions should be applied: Trocar and instruments should be disposable; surgeons should use aspirator mask in addition to Standard personal protection equipment; pneumoperitoneum should be at low pressure; exsufflation and deflation of the peritoneum should be performed before trocar removal; energy devices should be set up at minimal level (3, 4) . Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations SAGES and EAES recommendations for minimally invasive surgery during COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304996-st1nn3pc author = Baggiani, Angelo title = Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3422 sentences = 185 flesch = 53 summary = In this case report, we aim to describe the key elements that have been identified and implemented in our center, a 1082-bed hospital located in the Pisa district, to rapidly respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in order to guarantee safety of patients and healthcare workers. Based on scientific data published since the start of the outbreak and previous experience from former outbreaks (SARS and MERS-CoV), the TF developed a technical procedure to face the pandemic, structured in five key domains: reorganization of hospital services, management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, management of corpses, guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, implementation of cleaning and disinfection procedures, and personal protective equipment. cache = ./cache/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305059-8z54lw2d author = Qu, Jie-Ming title = Chapter 4 Diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2021-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5054 sentences = 271 flesch = 45 summary = If any one of the following pathogenic or serological tests is positive, the patient is confirmed as COVID-19: (1) positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid; (2) viral gene sequencing highly homologous to the known SARS-CoV-2; or (3) serum samples positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The fifth edition of the program was specially designed for Hubei to establish the diagnostic criteria of "clinical diagnosis cases," which include clinical compliance with the characteristics of viral pneumonia, such as corresponding clinical symptoms and imaging CT findings, especially the multiple lobes exudative ground-glass shadow and intermittent consolidation, normal or decreased total count of white blood cells in laboratory examination, and reduced lymphocyte count. The methods are: (1) real-time fluorescence RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive and (2) viral gene sequencing, highly homologous with the known novel coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304925-9gvx3swf author = Xie, Zhixiang title = Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4772 sentences = 212 flesch = 46 summary = Abstract This paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis and the geodetector method to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) epidemic spread in mainland China based on the cumulative confirmed cases, average temperature, and socio-economic data. Thus, we selected the indicators reflecting the population distribution, population inflow from Wuhan, traffic accessibility, economic connection intensity, average temperature, and medical facilities conditions J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as the detection factors (Table 2) , and the epidemic spread rate as the detected factor to assess the formation mechanism for the spatial pattern of COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, the influence of the population distribution (X1) on the spatial distribution of the epidemic spread rate was significantly different from the population inflow from Wuhan (X2), economic connection intensity (X4), and average temperature (X5), but not different from the traffic accessibility (X3) and medical facility conditions (X6). cache = ./cache/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305089-y5cdqlze author = González-García, Andrés title = Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 with subcutaneous anakinra as a sole treatment date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1265 sentences = 62 flesch = 40 summary = After an initial viral phase with fever, coughing and mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, some COVID-19 patients may experience a hyperinflammatory phase manifested with biological changes of a cytokine storm syndrome (with increased levels of ferritin and CRP), which are similar to those observed after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcell therapy and in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), as well as in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a secondary HLH form, classically associated with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions [2] . IL-1 may also play a determinant role in the cytokine storm syndrome of COVID-19 by activating the inflammasome after the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with specific Toll-like receptors, leading to a final uncontrolled production of active mature IL-1b, a mediator known to be involved in fever and inflammatory and fibrotic pulmonary changes [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305076-v56y5nyt author = Singh, Parmvir title = Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Devastating Systemic Disorder of Special Concern with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2911 sentences = 247 flesch = 44 summary = Clinical patterns with DIC are varied, exemplified by those identified with COVID-19, from petechial to acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene, some resembling chilblains disease (Figures 1,2) 7 . 8, 15 Skin manifestations caused by thrombosis include acral cyanosis (25%) and gangrene (17%). 8 It is important to differentiate the thrombotic/coagulopathic vasculopathic acral ischemia as seen in DIC from chilblain-like lesions (blue "COVID toes"), also associated with the This article is protected by copyright. 1,24,43-46 COVID-19-associated DIC therapy should follow accepted strategy employing thromboembolic prophylaxis for critically ill hospitalized patients and standard supportive care measures 47 . Presentation and outcome of purpura fulminans associated with peripheral gangrene in 12 patients at Mayo Clinic Comparison of a new criteria for sepsis-induced coagulopathy and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation score in critically ill patients with sepsis 3.0: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304983-u2yag4gf author = Albani, Filippo title = Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin is associated with a lower death rate in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cohort study date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3847 sentences = 207 flesch = 39 summary = The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin on hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). INTERPRETATION: This study shows that treatment with enoxaparin during hospital stay is associated with a lower death rate and, while results from randomized clinical trials are still pending, this study supports the use of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in all patients admitted for COVID-19. In light of this study, and the reported increased risk of thrombotic events in COVID-19, all patients admitted to the hospital should receive prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Two post-hoc analysis were conducted: 1) patients in the enoxaparin cohort were divided according to the daily dose of received enoxaparin (prophylactic 40 mg a day or therapeutic > 40 mg a day), association with hospital mortality was evaluated by estimating OR with the same method as previously reported. cache = ./cache/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305134-s7h6bpof author = Mackman, Nigel title = Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6412 sentences = 443 flesch = 41 summary = It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. 60, 82 Taken together, these results indicate that most COVID-19 patients have an activated coagulation system that is associated with increased levels of d-dimer; however, it is unlike classic DIC since there is little change in PT and the thrombocytopenia is generally mild. [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] There is clear evidence for activation of different cell types, such as lung epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets, as well as different systems, such as coagulation, inflammation, and complement, in the lungs of COVID-19 patients (Figure) . We found that plasma levels of extracellular vesicle TF activity were increased in severe influenza virus patients and were associated with mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects lung epithelial cells and endothelial cells (ECs), which leads to the recruitment of a variety of immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. cache = ./cache/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305110-mujpekyu author = Cloud, David H. title = Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2334 sentences = 102 flesch = 37 summary = Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. 10 Many advocates fear that use of isolation to curb transmission of COVID-19 in correctional facilities will complicate the emerging crisis, as incarcerated people become reluctant to report symptoms for fear of being moved to solitary confinement, those who do report symptoms will be forced to endure an experience known to cause psychological and physical harm, and system-wide unrest will be triggered in institutions where fears about being placed in medical isolation could run rampant. Yet, quarantine and medical isolation in response to COVID-19 are necessary to halt the spread of infection; without them, containment of disease transmission will be exceedingly difficult if not impossible, posing significant health risks to incarcerated people, correctional healthcare providers, security staff, and the families and communities to which workers return at the end of each shift. cache = ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305136-tnvp3n1g author = Hauer, Karen E. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3525 sentences = 169 flesch = 36 summary = In this article, the authors assert that medical educators, obligated by current conditions to adapt educational experiences, should seize the opportunity presented by the pandemic to make needed changes in 3 areas aligned with competency-based medical education: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. In this article, the authors assert that medical educators, obligated by current conditions to adapt educational experiences, should seize the opportunity presented by the pandemic to make needed changes in 3 areas aligned with competency-based medical education: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change and improvement in learner assessment that are aligned with competency-based medical education (CBME) that we believe can make enduring contributions: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. cache = ./cache/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305068-9qh8vgtc author = Pinto Pereira, João title = Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1555 sentences = 95 flesch = 41 summary = A 54-year-old man with a long history of severe haemophilia A treated prophylactically with efmoroctocog alpha (3,000 IU twice weekly) was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. As illustrated by the following observation, this would be more particularly the case for patients with severe haemophilia requiring intensive care and invasive procedures. With a medical history of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, our patient was particularly illustrative of the population at risk for COVID-19 infection, independently from his history of bleeding disorder [3] . Few data are currently available regarding haemophilic patients requiring invasive procedures following ICU admission for COVID-19 severe infection, with a difficult balance between thromboprophylaxis and prevention of bleeding complications. Our case illustrates that factor VIII concentrates present several desirable features to correct the haemostatic defect in haemophilia A patients with severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305073-8301zqj9 author = Alhakeem, Ayat title = Case Report: COVID-19–Associated Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax—A Literature Review date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1390 sentences = 103 flesch = 44 summary = We report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax with no known underlying lung disease or risk factors. Most of the reported cases of pneumothorax associated with COVID-19 lack traditional risk factors or underlying predisposing lung disease. Highresolution computed tomography (CT) chest showed multiple bilateral bullae in the lungs complicated by the pneumothorax because of rupture ( Figure 1D ). The bullous changes could represent an undiagnosed underlying pulmonary disease, which became apparent after the inflammatory changes and excessive mechanical forces introduced by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to a unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, followed by bilateral pneumothorax. Review of the literature shows 18 case reports describing COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnosis and treatment of severe COVID-19 complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and the possible underlying mechanism cache = ./cache/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305179-c6d2vym9 author = Vaid, Shashank title = Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2278 sentences = 123 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: We developed a deep learning model to improve accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. CONCLUSIONS: Our COVID-19 detection model minimizes manual interaction dependent on radiologists as it automates identification of structural abnormalities in patient's CXRs, and our deep learning model is likely to detect true positives and true negatives and weed out false positive and false negatives with > 96.3% accuracy. Therefore, we predict the accuracy of COVID-19 cases based on a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that uses a deep learning model to automatically and appropriately classify X-ray chest scans of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 images. We developed a deep learning model to improve the accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. The authors deploy a transfer learning approach to design a CNN-based model to perform COVID-19 detections from the chest anterior-posterior radiographs of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305169-5b4b0qx2 author = Gao, Liang-qin title = In Silico Screening of Potential Chinese Herbal Medicine Against COVID-19 by Targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II Using Molecular Docking date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2584 sentences = 118 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: To seek potential Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the molecular docking of the medicine with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and the angiotensin converting enzyme II(ACE2) as receptors, using computer virtual screening technique, so as to provide a basis for combination forecasting. Among 238 potential anti-COVID-19 herbs screened in total, 16 kinds of CHM containing the most active ingredients, and 5 candidate anti-COVID-19 herbs that had been used in high frequency, as well as a core drug pair, namely, Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were selected. Ran, et al (9) found that the disease pattern of 30.14% COVID-19 patients in Chongqing are pathogenic-heat obstructing in Fei. Among the 238 potential CHMs, heat-clearing herbs accounted for the largest proportion (29.41%), and the drug pair of Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is the most widely distributed active ingredient, and is selected as the predicted core drug Potential targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305266-fuaq4ujb author = Gong, Yue title = Early Research on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2118 sentences = 125 flesch = 44 summary = In this review, we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide, the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first ten days of February; among these, the largest number of studies originated in China, the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages. The Coronavirus Study Group 4 (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses designated the causative 5 virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease, 6 which subsequently spread globally, was named coronavirus disease of 2019 7 COVID-19, covering topics such as etiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, 24 prognosis, nursing, prevention and control, were available in the PubMed and China 25 national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong cache = ./cache/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305226-9iedjcr6 author = Dua, Anisha B title = Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4582 sentences = 188 flesch = 31 summary = We aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these unprecedented disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. In this manuscript we aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these COVID-related disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning, and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. Technology-based learning offers great potential to reduce inequity in medical education worldwide, enhance learnercentered knowledge delivery, address the anticipated rheumatology workforce shortage, and prepare new providers to practice effectively in our twenty-first century health systems. cache = ./cache/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305139-851v2qr3 author = Peys, Elise title = Haemoptysis as the first presentation of COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2555 sentences = 172 flesch = 53 summary = This case emphasises the added value of bronchoscopy with BAL in the diagnostic work-up in case of high clinical suspicion and negative serial NPS in patients presenting with severe symptoms. Here, we report an unusual case of a man who presented with life-threatening haemoptysis as the first and unique symptom of COVID-19. According to the institutional guidelines during the current COVID-19 pandemic, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples on two consecutive days were obtained and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which repeatedly returned negative. Unusually, in this case, haemoptysis was the initial and unique symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with underlying emphysema. [7] , haemoptysis was the only clinical symptom during the first ten days of the disease course, whereas Casey and co-workers presented a case of COVID-19 associated with acute segmental pulmonary emboli which eventually caused haemoptysis [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305183-6ixjbbek author = Mehrotra, S. title = A Model for Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4914 sentences = 284 flesch = 57 summary = This paper presents a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of ventilators' shortfall in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the US. In this section, we present a multi-period planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions based on their needs to treat the patients at the critical level. More precisely, we considered four different cases to generate random samples for the number of ventilators that is needed to care for COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305283-1bg1ykui author = ElSeirafi, Mohamed MA. title = Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection in Bahrain: A report of 5 cases date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 130 flesch = 51 summary = We had experience in treating five critically ill patients with severe lung injury who were COVID-19 positive with tocilizumab. We had experience in treating five critically ill patients with severe lung injury who were COVID-19 positive with tocilizumab. The patient improved significantly on the third day following tocilizumab injection and rt-PCR test for COVID-19 was negative on the fourth day. Nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 was positive and the patient was initiated on oral hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily along with ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, aizthromycin, ribavirin, pegylated interferon (received single dose) and plasma therapy (two doses). Patient improved the following day with a negative COVID-19 test results twice on alternate days and the patient was discharge from ICU. We observed in the present study that COVID-19 patients with severe lung injury responded dramatically following the introduction of tocilizumab. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in cache = ./cache/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305281-vlsy1ofk author = Cuschieri, Sarah title = Dealing with COVID-19 in small European island states: Cyprus, Iceland and Malta date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 100 flesch = 56 summary = The aim of this article was to compare and contrast the COVID-19 situation, restrictions, preparedness, management and the healthcare systems between the small population island states of Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. Like the rest of the Infrastructural changes were made to Iceland's and Malta's state hospitals, with an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators to accommodate potential COVID-19 surges in critical cases [1, 7] . A number of similar restrictions and mandatory legislations were instituted by the governments of the three small Island countries as seen in Table 1 with a Public Health Emergency declared by each country [1, 3, 9, 10] . The Republic of Cyprus was observed to have had the best curbing ability of the viral infection (up till the time of writing) out of the three small Islands as restrictions were eased, including the re-opening of the airports. cache = ./cache/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305299-vbhilmve author = Santos, C. Sieiro title = Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with underlying rheumatic disease date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2941 sentences = 149 flesch = 39 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that comorbidities, rheumatic disease activity and laboratorial abnormalities such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin elevation significantly associated with mortality whereas previous use of rheumatic medication did not. It is not clear whether the use of immunosuppressive medication for rheumatic pathology may suppose a risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection, if rheumatic patients have a higher mortality rate than general population or what factors may be associated with COVID-19 severity [5] . Age, sex, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis, treatment for rheumatic disease and disease activity prior to infection, duration of hospital stay, symptoms before admission, radiographic abnormalities and laboratorial results at arrival were analysed. Our results suggest that comorbidities, rheumatic disease activity and laboratorial abnormalities such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin serum elevation significantly associated with mortality whereas previous use of hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroid, dcDMARDS and biologic therapy did not. cache = ./cache/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305389-n5cppi72 author = D’Alonzo, Daniele title = COVID-19 and pneumonia: a role for the uPA/uPAR system date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4841 sentences = 256 flesch = 34 summary = Here, we highlight recent findings on the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) system that suggest its potential role as a main orchestrator of fatal progression to pulmonary, kidney, and heart failure in patients with coronavirus. Given its lack of a transmembrane domain, GPI-anchored uPAR has high mobility on the cell surface and can interact with later partners with the ability to communicate with the internal cell compartment to produce downstream intracellular signaling mediated by effector molecules, such as the focal adhesion kinase, Src, and Akt. uPAR binds vitronectin, and multiple cell receptors, such as different types of transmembrane receptor [the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), integrins, and VEGFR2 [23] ], establishing crosstalk between membrane-bound uPAR and its co-receptors. Serum plasminogen activator urokinase receptor predicts elevated risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis and is positively associated with disease severity, inflammation and mortality cache = ./cache/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305297-ync3dhyz author = Flanders, W. Dana title = The Association of Voter Turnout with County-level COVID-19 Occurrence Early in the Pandemic date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4356 sentences = 237 flesch = 54 summary = We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 incidence, adjusted for county-level population density and proportions: over age 65 years, female, Black, with college education, with high school education, poor, obese, and smokers. Statistical Analyses: To estimate the association between voter turnout on March 10 and countylevel COVID-19 infection risk, we considered the time period during which excess cases, if any, would be expected to occur. Alternative outcomes: We reasoned that if the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 occurrence in the post-vote period was attributable to uncontrolled confounding, then that association should persist even if we redefined the outcome as cases occurring in risk periods (e.g. in early April) that did not overlap substantially with the time interval of interest (the incubation period plus some allowance for testing and reporting). cache = ./cache/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305262-23qylbmg author = Rowan, Neil J. title = Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9978 sentences = 575 flesch = 46 summary = Important countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 transmission include mitigating potential high risk aerosol transmission in healthcare setting using medical PPE (such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) and the appropriate use of face coverings by the general public that carries a lower transmission risk. Given that disposable, plastic-based, PPE (gowns, eye protection, gloves, face masks, filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) are heat sensitive, existing healthcare technologies were considered to be either not available, unsuitable or not configured for reprocessing of PPE in healthcare for emergency use (Rowan and Laffey, 2020) . However, potential solutions for effective reprocessing of PPE that considered virus inactivation, material compatibility and device functionality (filtration efficacy, penetration, fit test and so forth) post processing included use of low temperature hydrogen peroxide vapour (VH2O2), ultraviolet germicidal light (UVGI), moist heat, and use of weak bleach for liquid decontamination (Rowan and Laffey, 2020; CDC, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305270-vos341i1 author = Conte, Luana title = Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2455 sentences = 152 flesch = 39 summary = title: Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection 16 Targeting the gut-lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection keywords: anti-inflammatory effects, COVID-19 infection, gut-lung microbiota aixs, high-fibre diet, probiotics, SARS-CoV-2 Among dietary supplements, potential new treatments against COVID-19 infection could be based on probiotics, 17, 22 which might not only reduce colonisation by pathogenic species but also increase commensal bacterial growth in the respiratory tract. Although there is no clinical evidence that targeting the gut-lung microbiota axis would play a therapeutic role in COVID-19 infection, we believe that the manipulation of microbial patterns through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and a high-fibre diet may help to reduce cell inflammation, maintain a healthy gut microbial diversity and strengthen the immune system. cache = ./cache/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305405-me4gebvm author = Conway, J. title = Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3184 sentences = 199 flesch = 51 summary = Other features of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection included long duration of diabetes, less tight glycaemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs. In December 2019, a pneumonia like illness was first reported in Wuhan-China caused by a new coronavirus named corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which then spread to cause a global pandemic. A meta-analysis of 8 Chinese studies to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in 46,248 infected patients with COVID-19, median age 46.0 years (51.6%) men, diabetes mellitus was the second most prevalent comorbidity (8%) after hypertension (17%) and higher than cardiovascular (5%) and respiratory diseases (2%). 4 In addition to the Chinese studies, subsequent international studies have demonstrated that diabetes was a frequent comorbidity and a risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection such as higher rates of ICU admissions and refractoriness to anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapies. cache = ./cache/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305363-4msd8mqo author = Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto title = Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4532 sentences = 237 flesch = 49 summary = In this paper, a utility-based multicriteria model is proposed to support the physicians to deal with an important medical decision—the screening decision problem—given the squeeze put on resources due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that uncertainty is an inevitable factor that is inherently present in medical diagnostics and treatment decisions [6] , a decision analysis (DA) model based on the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) is developed in order to aid physicians when they make such decisions. In this context, this paper is aimed at presenting a multicriteria model for screening patients with suspected COVID-19, based on a DA approach within the multiattribute utility theory. To apply the proposed model for aiding the screening of patients with suspected COVID-19, the physician should first input information about the patient's chances of survival in three scenarios: isolation at home, a hospital stay, or in an intensive care unit (ICU). cache = ./cache/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305497-rlxrn3ap author = Chorin, Ehud title = QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1622 sentences = 104 flesch = 50 summary = title: QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin However, while the true efficacy of this regimen is unknown, initial reports have raised concerns regarding the potential risk of QT prolongation and induction of torsade de pointes (TdP). However, HY and AZ have each been independently shown to increase the risk for QT interval prolongation, drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) [5] [6] [7] [8] . Azithromycin, cardiovascular risks, QTc interval prolongation, torsade de pointes, and regulatory issues: A narrative review based on the study of case reports Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit cache = ./cache/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305530-b6r6j1ek author = Yang, Po title = Feasibility of Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks in the UK by Rolling Interventions date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3418 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = If we took a simultaneous 3 weeks rolling intervention with intensity between 3 and 5 in all regions of the UK, the total infections and deaths increased slightly to 2.69 million and 37 thousand; the peak time of healthcare kept the same at the 65th day, where it needs equivalent hospital beds for severe and critical cases of 25.3 thousand. We provided an evidence verification point that implementing suppression in London and rolling intervention with high intensity in non-London regions is probably an optimal strategy to control COVID-19 breakouts in the UK with minimised deaths and economic impacts. 22 We separately combined the calibrated model with data on the cases of COVID-19 in London, the UK (non-London) and the UK during February 2020 and March 2020 to estimate the total number of infections and deaths, and also peak time and value of healthcare demand by applying different interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305629-utjng3dq author = Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy title = Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4774 sentences = 232 flesch = 53 summary = The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO(2), O(3), SO(2), PM(10) and PM(2.5)) between the lockdown (April 1–May 31) and prelockdown (January 1–March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous 5 years (2015–2019). We retrieved data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Mexico City during the lockdown period from the official website of the Government of Mexico (https://coronavirus.gob.mx/datos/) to find the association between COVID-19 mortality and air pollutants between April 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020. 2020) , this study investigated the association between concentrations of air pollutants and reported daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Mexico City. cache = ./cache/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305574-ldkri5gh author = Mesnier, Jules title = Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4428 sentences = 186 flesch = 44 summary = title: Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nationwide lockdown in France on admissions to hospital for acute myocardial infarction, by patient characteristics and regional prevalence of the pandemic. Our aim was to quantify changes in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction according to type of myocardial infarction and regional prevalence of COVID-19, comparing the 4 weeks preceding the lockdown with the following 4 weeks, and to identify potential changes in management of patients with STEMI or NSTEMI. We included data collected on all patients admitted to intensive cardiac care units for a recent acute myocardial infarction in 21 large centres that were taking part in FRENCHIE, had begun recruitment, and were able to ensure consecutive recruitment during the lockdown period. A marked decrease in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction was observed following the lockdown, irrespective of patient characteristics and local prevalence of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305342-6t5il86c author = Zhang, Xiao title = Coming back to the normal clinic: how has COVID-19 changed us? date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 694 sentences = 52 flesch = 52 summary = COVID-19 also brings changes to nuclear medicine department. The patients with positive results should be reported to the relevant infection or medical management departments, and further diagnosis or treatment will be arranged. In our department, we developed a non-contact nuclear medicine imaging appointment software. Through this software, patients can input general information such as name, gender, age, and so on; upload the test results of SARS-CoV-2; input medical history; or upload the whole processes of diagnosis and treatment. Before getting back to work, all medical staffs are also needed to test the antigen and antibody of SARS-CoV-2. All staffs are required to learn the information about COVID-19 and the prevention measurements via videoconference software. COVID-19 pandemic: guidance for nuclear medicine departments Nuclear medicine services after COVID-19: gearing up back to normality Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305422-t8azymo7 author = Yi, Ye title = COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date = 2020-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8300 sentences = 446 flesch = 53 summary = The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19) [1] . Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012). Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305534-936peb1n author = Johnson, Kemmian D. title = Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6712 sentences = 346 flesch = 43 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. In the severe disease state, the patient's clinical course is complicated by the development of pneumonia with ARDS, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, and/or death (7) . Several retrospective studies have consistently reported pulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19, which include cough, shortness of breath, sputum production, respiratory failure, and ARDS (Table 1) (5, 7, (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305286-nbbg511n author = Xu, Zihui title = The impact of type 2 diabetes and its management on the prognosis of patients with severe COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4014 sentences = 253 flesch = 54 summary = In this observational study, we characterized risk factors for severe COVID-19 with and without T2DM, and described the effects of commonly prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, and glucocorticoid therapy on clinical outcomes in hospitalized T2DM patients with severe COVID-19, which still remain unanswered. Information recorded included demographic data, medical history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings (e.g., random blood glucose on admission, cellular immunity, metabolic enzymes and other biochemical parameters), treatment measures (e.g., oxygen therapy, ventilator use), and drugs (e.g., insulin, anti-hyperglycaemic agents and glucocorticoids use). All of these indicate that diabetes status is a major risk factor for worse clinical outcomes/fatality in COVID-19 patients. 36 Our study found that a higher risk of all-cause fatality with GC treatment in severe COVID-19 patients with T2DM. GC treatment and fasting plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L were found to be risk factors for fatality in diabetes patients with COVID-19. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305479-o47mv4uw author = Feng, Xiaobo title = Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Severe Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3637 sentences = 187 flesch = 50 summary = Further research is urgently needed to guide clinicians, and we therefore prospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of 114 severely ill patients with COVID-19 for short-term at the Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. We found that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction may play important roles in the final outcome of severely ill patients with COVID-19. Here, we used a single-centered, prospective method to describe the basic clinical characteristics and shortterm outcomes of severe patients in Union hospital, Wuhan, and we further aimed to explore the potential risk factors for poor outcomes among these patients using Cox proportional hazard models. In summary, the present study is a single-center, prospective observational study that examined clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor short-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305539-vynlbty5 author = Park, Byunggeon title = Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2874 sentences = 141 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: Lung segmentation using volumetric quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis may help predict outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Normally aerated lung proportion (NALP) (HR, 0.872 per percentage; 95% CI, 0.794–0.957; p = 0.004) and NALP volume (NALPV) (HR, 1.002 per mL; 95% CI, 1.000–1.004; p = 0.019) were associated with a lower risk of critical events in the severe pneumonia group (n = 28). CONCLUSION: CRP in the mild pneumonia group; NALP and NALPV in the severe pneumonia group; and sex, CRP, and CALP in the total cohort were independently associated with CEFS in patients with COVID-19. Recent studies reported the use of well-aerated lung volume in patients with ARDS (14) and COVID-19 as a potential imaging biomarker to predict mortality (15) . The main result of our study was that the male sex, high CALP on volumetric quantitative analysis, and high CRP level were independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305568-8seufdv0 author = Rohani, Pejman title = Protein losing enteropathy and pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with COVID 19 infection date = 2021-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 172 flesch = 47 summary = According to first adult studies association of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with COVID 19 infection was as high as 79% (1).But later study showed lower association around 18% (2).As the pandemic of COVID 19 is going on, different clinical presentation of disease especially in children are well appeared. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known as COVID 19 seems to be one of the most contagious and dangerous infection in children and adults. Acute appendicitis like presentation associated with COVID 19 infection has been reported in literature especially in children. After management of infection children discharged without surgical intervention [10] .There are several case reports about acute appendicitis like presentation and acute surgical abdomen in adults [11] [12] [13] [14] . Thus during pandemic of COVID 19 surgeons should consider this infection and use radiologic studies beside The results of abdominal CT were pneumatosis intestinalis in ascending colon, colon dilatation and recurrent small bowel intussusceptions were seen. cache = ./cache/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305397-4dx3q6o6 author = Ashraf, Muddasir title = Seizures Related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Case Series and Literature Review date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1869 sentences = 134 flesch = 55 summary = Neurological manifestations are common in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We present three cases of COVID-19 patients with seizures. COVID-19 causes many neurological manifestations, including stroke, headache, altered consciousness, encephalitis, anosmia, hypogeusia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and seizures [1] [2] [3] . A 70-year-old male resident of the nursing home with a past medical history of ischemic stroke with residual left-sided hemiparesis, seizure disorder, Crohn's disease, hyperlipidemia, and dementia on Aricept presented to the emergency room with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The development of headaches, encephalitis, strokes, and epileptic seizures are among the many neurological symptoms that are manifesting within COVID-19 patients [1] . While subsequent studies need to be conducted to gain evidence of COVID-19 spreading into the CNS, mechanisms have been proposed as to how the virus spreads. COVID-19 can cause many neurological complications including seizures. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease cache = ./cache/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305657-ayqxesiv author = Kalra, Mannudeep K. title = Chest CT practice and protocols for COVID-19 from radiation dose management perspective date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3958 sentences = 197 flesch = 49 summary = Out of concern over the use of CT and associated radiation doses to patients with suspected or known COVID-19 infection, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a survey and a webinar to discuss CT practice and protocol optimization for COVID-19 pneumonia on April 9, 2020. When these assays have limited availability, diagnostic imaging (chest radiographs or CT) can be used in patients with at least moderate to severe clinical features supportive of COVID-19 pneumonia. Although there are no specific publications or guidance on this matter, in pregnant patients with suspected complications or worsening respiratory status, a chest CT may be indicated and, when necessary, performed with single-phase, non-contrast, lowdose CT protocol. Most national and international organizations recommend against routine use of diagnostic imaging for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia unless there is a lack of availability or access to RT-PCR or immunoassays in patients with moderate to severe disease, worsening respiratory status, or a suspicion of cardiopulmonary complications. cache = ./cache/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305682-b232ra0j author = Rahaman Khan, Md Hasinur title = COVID-19 Outbreak Situations in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3780 sentences = 201 flesch = 64 summary = This paper aims at analysing primarily the current situations of Bangladesh and predicting infections and deaths for moderated term intervals by a proposed projection technique called Infection Trajectory-Pathway Strategy (ITPS) and for short term intervals prediction for total infections, deaths along with total number of severe patients and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients by polynomial regression modeling approach. . https://doi.org/10.1101 measure the risk of infectious disease and predict the risk of COVID-19 transmission using Bangladesh data along with other four countries-United States, Australia, Canada and China. Neither of the three research works dealt with the analysis of current COVID-19 situations in Bangladesh and to make direct projections for incidence, deaths, hospital ICU beds, number of severe patients etc that are the main goals of this paper. Our projection believes that total infected people and deaths in the Bangladesh will be more than 5700 and almost 350 respectively by the end of April, while the number of severe and ICU patients will be 775 and 695 respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305618-tq401g18 author = Kim, Beom Joon title = Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1451 sentences = 92 flesch = 48 summary = title: Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society If hospitals and emergency rooms establish pre-arrival screening measures for COVID-19, including assessment of travel history and respiratory symptoms, it would save time for acute stroke care. Measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 transmission during acute stroke care in the emergency room in case of outof-hospital occurrence or at the place of onset in case of in-hospital stroke (1) All medical staff should use personal protective equipment (PPE), including full-sleeved gown, N95 respirator, eye protection (goggles or face shields), and gloves. Otherwise, designate an angiography suite for treating a stroke patient with COVID-19 and prepare isolation measures beforehand. It is recommended that each stroke center develops and updates an institutional protocol for providing safe and efficient stroke care amid the COVID-19 pandemic, based on its medical resources, local epidemics, and emerging prevention and treatment options against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305542-zyxqcfa3 author = Oliver, Nuria title = Mobile phone data for informing public health actions across the COVID-19 pandemic life cycle date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4488 sentences = 218 flesch = 44 summary = In the following sections, we outline the ways in which different types of mobile phone data can help to better target and design measures to contain and slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government and public health authorities broadly raise questions in at least four critical areas of inquiries for which the use of mobile phone data is relevant. Furthermore, around the world, public opinion surveys, social media, and a broad range of civil society actors including consumer groups and human rights organizations have raised legitimate concerns around the ethics, potential loss of privacy, and long-term impact on civil liberties resulting from the use of individual mobile data to monitor COVID-19. Governments should be aware of the value of information and knowledge that can be derived from mobile phone data analysis, especially for monitoring the necessary measures to contain the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305582-3hmsknon author = Li, Lei title = Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6155 sentences = 310 flesch = 39 summary = In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. According to the latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines, confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV are classified to have severe illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) anhelation, respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min; (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤ 93%; (3) PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg; and classified to be the critical/life-threatening illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation needed; (2) shock; (3) other organ dysfunction syndrome and requirement of intensive care unit admission. cache = ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305632-xbji6g5x author = Uccelli, Matteo title = COVID-19 and Obesity: Is Bariatric Surgery Protective? Retrospective Analysis on 2145 Patients Undergone Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery from High Volume Center in Italy (Lombardy) date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2889 sentences = 167 flesch = 49 summary = There are also emerging data indicating that obesity is an independent predictor of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and death [6, 11, 12] , and in a recent report from a large cohort of COVID-19 patients in New York, obesity was found to be one of the most common associated comorbidities in hospitalized patients [13, 14] . We therefore analyzed a significant number of patients to evaluate the spread and the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population of patients who had undergone bariatric surgery. Therefore, our data are encouraging, considering that these patients were obese: bariatric surgery and the consequent weight loss seem to significantly lower the risk of serious consequences due to COVID infection. Bariatric surgery, therefore, can be considered a protective factor with respect to the onset of severe respiratory disease resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305828-kueqo67y author = Ma, Yarong title = Psychological Stress among Health Care Professionals during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Cases from Online Consulting Customers date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2152 sentences = 121 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, online consulting has been widely used to address mental health problems, including health care professionals (HCPs) caring for COVID-19 patients who experienced substantial psychological distress. AIM: To explore the severity of perceived stress and potential correlates among the HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted among 34 HCPs to assess levels of psychological distress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. This study reports on HCPs who sought online psychological support from the staff of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and examines the severity of perceived stress and potential psychiatric correlates among HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. Despite the above limitations, this study found that health care professionals working in the ICUs or respiratory department experienced more psychological distress than the others during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305770-xygg4lxu author = Busetto, Gian Maria title = SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features? date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6963 sentences = 343 flesch = 40 summary = Most severe cases of COVID-19 and high-risk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). Most severe cases of COVID-19 and highrisk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). When compared with COVID-19 patients without ARDS, patients with ARDS are generally older and have a higher proportion of comorbidities, and there are more observations of neutrophilia associated with lymphocytopenia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increase, increase in several inflammation indices (including interleukins, IL-2 and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein and many other cytokines), elevated coagulation function and alteration of other organ dysfunction indices (liver, kidney, etc.) [4] . The following terms were the most commonly used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, bladder cancer, risk factors, diabetes, obesity, aging, inflammation, cytokine, interleukin (IL), IL-6, smoking. cache = ./cache/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305782-gnzwe2z2 author = Satici, Celal title = Performance of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3363 sentences = 188 flesch = 55 summary = Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index (PSI) in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 and to identify other factors associated with higher mortality. Conclusion In a large group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that PSI performed better than CURB-65 in predicting mortality. According to the Health Ministry Guideline, any suspected case who is over 50 years old or has any comorbidity should be hospitalized irrespective of vital signs, laboratory results and computed tomography (CT) findings (Bilim Kurulu, 2020) Thus, a large proportion of patients with COVID-19 meet criteria for admission as an inpatient. In this study, we aimed to assess whether CURB-65 or PSI is useful tool to predict 30-day mortality and to identify other factors that are associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305956-l02xdq87 author = Alqahtani, Saleh A title = Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3062 sentences = 198 flesch = 44 summary = These reports highlighted that beyond severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a complicated course of the disease or even viral infection itself can lead to involvement of other organs and multiorgan failure. The current review summarizes the pathophysiology and potentially specific role of COVID-19 in liver disease based on the available data and case series published, ahead of print and non-peer-reviewed preprints as of 2 April. In this study, 47.3% of the discharged patients showed elevated LFTs at baseline, and 23.7% developed abnormalities during hospitalization, suggesting emerging liver injury from drugs or during the course of the infection. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305858-gp1u4kh7 author = Song, Xiang title = High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4896 sentences = 268 flesch = 49 summary = To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. To determine whether platelets were directly targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or trigged by viral inflammatory reactions, we examined the ACE2 expression on the highly-purified CD41b + CD42a + platelets from human peripheral blood ( Figure 3A Our previous work established that platelets could release mitochondria contributing to the immune modulation and islet b-cell regeneration [13] . Thus, the virus-infected alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and SARS [28] [29] [30] and may recruit the lung infiltration of additional immune cells through predominantly releasing cytokines and chemokines [31, 32] , resulting in pulmonary edema and hypoxemia: the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( Figure 6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305965-yzx21hp7 author = Ramalingam, HariPrasad title = Delayed Diagnosis of Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Report date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1345 sentences = 92 flesch = 55 summary = Later, she developed type 2 respiratory failure and carbon dioxide narcosis because of delay in diagnosis of severe, near-complete postintubation tracheal stenosis due to over suspicion of COVID-19 during the current pandemic. Later, she developed type 2 respiratory failure and carbon dioxide narcosis because of delay in diagnosis of severe, near-complete postintubation tracheal stenosis due to over suspicion of COVID-19 during the current pandemic. 2020;14:e01269.) GLOSSARY ABG = arterial blood gas; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CT = computed tomography; ETT = endotracheal tube; Fio 2 = fraction of inspired oxygen; ICMR = Indian Council of Medical Research; Paco 2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Pao 2 = partial pressure of oxygen; RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 P ostintubation tracheal stenosis is a rare event, and its incidence is estimated to be 4.9 cases per million per year. cache = ./cache/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306016-2gudro8v author = Pelt, Christopher E. title = The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3753 sentences = 168 flesch = 51 summary = In order to ensure and provide for adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity, personnel and personal protective equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high-volume of patients. In order to 6 ensure and provide for adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity, personnel 7 and personal protective equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower 8 limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced 9 In order to ensure and provide for 26 adequate health care resources, hospital capacity, personnel and personal protective 27 equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have 28 stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care 29 processes for a high-volume of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305703-ypeibwje author = Veronese, Nicola title = Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2878 sentences = 144 flesch = 37 summary = For each article, we extracted data regarding authors, year of publication, country, city or region in which the study was conducted, the period of observation, how the diagnosis of COVID-19 was obtained, the stage of COVID-19 infection (asymptomatic forms, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring intensive care unit, ICU; convalescent), sample size included, number of males and females, mean age and its standard deviation (or similar information such as median and range), the percentage of people treated with corticosteroids in the sample as a whole, and, if possible, the route of administration and type of corticosteroid considered. Overall, two studies reported negative findings regarding these medications, one reported no significant association between corticosteroids and clinical outcomes, and one concluded that methylprednisolone was associated with a significant reduction of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developing ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305659-4pdtqmgp author = Kemmner, Stephan title = Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 157 sentences = 18 flesch = 35 summary = key: cord-305659-4pdtqmgp authors: Kemmner, Stephan; Guba, Markus; Schönermarck, Ulf; Stangl, Manfred; Fischereder, Michael title: Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-04 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 305659 cord_uid: 4pdtqmgp nan The therapeutic regimen consisted of withdrawal of the antimetabolite, conversion to low-dose steroid and introduction of low-dose cyclosporine, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. He required mechanical ventilation for four days until his general condition improved significantly and the patient could be discharged after 17 days with stable allograft function. Therefore, switching to a Cyclosporine-based immunosuppression may represent another therapeutic option in the case of COVID-19 infection following kidney transplantation. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients Early experience with COVID-19 in kidney transplantation Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses cache = ./cache/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305941-277iqp0u author = Bozdağ, Faruk title = Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5260 sentences = 327 flesch = 42 summary = The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Accordingly, among the probed individual variables are gender, age, having children or not, taking personal precautions against the risk of becoming infected with the COVID-19 virus, worry about transmitting the virus to family/relatives, quality of nutrition and sleep, positive-negative affective state and life satisfaction, while environmental 4 In model 3, age and occupation (doctor), quality of sleep, positive and negative affect, and life satisfaction significantly predicted the psychological resilience of healthcare professionals. The findings of this study revealed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. cache = ./cache/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306072-tfvt6sjq author = Ong, Sean Wei Xiang title = Safety and potential efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3115 sentences = 168 flesch = 43 summary = 11 We hypothesised that COX-2 inhibitors are safe in the treatment of COVID-19, and may be associated with a reduction in adverse outcomes in high-risk older patients with pneumonia, primarily through attenuation of the hyperinflammatory immune response associated with severe disease. In this population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 (≥ 50 years old and with radiographic pneumonia), there was no evidence that COX-2 inhibitor treatment was associated with an increase in adverse outcomes, supporting the use of short duration therapy in COVID-19 for symptom relief and as an anti-pyretic. With the small sample size for IL-6 measurements in the treatment group, these IL-6 data are primarily descriptive and exploratory, and further study is required to establish a clear correlation between COX-2 inhibitor treatment and its impact on IL-6 levels in COVID-19. The dysregulated immune response associated with severe COVID-19 is well characterised, with multiple studies showing elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe disease and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305969-yy4f4x5i author = Eng, John title = Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1830 sentences = 101 flesch = 47 summary = Most articles examining CT's diagnostic performance focus on its sensitivity for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia against the reference standard, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2). Since a patient's COVID-19 status is typically unknown at time of presentation, sensitivity and specificity are not the most clinically useful indicators of diagnostic test performance. In addition, assume a COVID-19 prevalence of 15%, (the approximate percentage of positive results found in RT-PCR tests being performed at Johns Hopkins Medicine hospitals at the present time). Although the preceding example was meant to be illustrative, the calculation demonstrates similar results-relatively low PPV and high NPV for CT-across plausible ranges of sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence (Fig 2) . In reality, there is probably no single "true" sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value that would apply to all clinical practice settings. cache = ./cache/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305760-43qxf408 author = Elgendi, M. title = The Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks and X-Ray as a Practical Alternative for Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2470 sentences = 157 flesch = 54 summary = Results show that ResNet-50 is the optimal pretrained neural network for the detection of COVID-19, using three different cross-validation ratios, based on training time, accuracy, and network size. 7 reported an accuracy of 98% on a balanced dataset for detecting COVID-19 after investigating three pretrained neural networks. Sethy and Behera 8 explored 10 different pretrained neural networks, reporting an accuracy of 93% on a balanced dataset, for detecting COVID-19 on X-ray images. Apostolopoulos and Bessiana 11 evaluated five pretrained neural networks, scoring 98% of accuracy on an However, these attempts did not make clear which existing deep learning method would be the most efficient and robust for COVID-19 compared to many others. After investigating 16 different pretrained neural networks, our results showed that ResNet-50 is the optimal pretrained deep learning network for detection of COVID-19 in HRCT chest X-ray images. Automatic detection of coronavirus disease (covid-19) using x-ray images and deep convolutional neural networks cache = ./cache/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306034-1u29o2id author = Cazzolla, Angela P. title = Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4014 sentences = 193 flesch = 47 summary = [Image: see text] The rapid recovery of smell and taste functions in COVID-19 patients could be attributed to a decrease in interleukin-6 levels rather than central nervous system ischemic injury or viral damage to neuronal cells. To correlate interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients with olfactory or gustatory dysfunctions and to investigate the role of IL-6 in the onset of these disorders, this observational study investigated 67 COVID-19 patients with taste or smell disorders or both, who did not require intensive care admission, admitted at COVID Hospital of Policlinico of Bari from March to May 2020. Interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients in relation to olfactory or gustatory disorders were correlated from the time of their admission to the time of swab negativization. The aim was to monitor and to correlate IL-6 levels in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with olfactory or gustatory disorders from the time of their admission to the time of swab negativization. cache = ./cache/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305739-hr52e5iz author = Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel title = Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 405 sentences = 35 flesch = 52 summary = Inuit communities are at high risk for respiratory infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because they are currently fighting another respiratory infection epidemic, tuberculosis. 1 COVID-19 has been reported in Inuit communities in Nunavik, Canada; however, no case of COVID-19 disease has been reported in Nunavut, Canada. In Clyde River, Nunavut, the community is already implementing emergency readiness plans for the control of COVID-19. Community leadership together with a coordinated public health approach are needed to eliminate tuberculosis in Nunavut. WHO has recognised the need for community-driven responses and encourages implementation of innovative people-centred approaches to tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Equipped with culturally appropriate information and ownership of the resources needed to tackle COVID-19 and tuberculosis, Inuit communities can protect and prepare their members. Elsewhere, communities that are given adequate resources and implement prevention and treatment strategies can win the fight against COVID-19 and tuberculosis. We can pass the flame: a community first approach to tuberculosis elimination in Nunavut cache = ./cache/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305793-xmkiqgbn author = Giovannoni, Gavin title = Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 937 sentences = 62 flesch = 47 summary = It is also assumed that people who are immunocompromised, for example, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are also at increased risk of severe COVID-19. It is therefore very reassuring to read in this issue a case report of a patient with primary progressive MS previously treated with ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody, who developed uncomplicated COVID-19 (Novi G, Mikulska M, Briano F, Toscanini F, Tazza F, Uccelli A, Inglese M, 2020) . This case and online reports support the hypothesis that immunosuppression, or at the least moderate immunosuppression associated with MS DMTs, may protect against the development of severe COVID-19 infection. However, there are always rare exceptions to the rule; for example, a single case report of fulminant hepatitis associated with an unusual echovirus-25 infection in a patient on ocrelizumab therapy (Nicolini et al., 2019; Novi G, Mikulska M, Briano F, Toscanini F, Tazza F, Uccelli A, Inglese M, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306108-ja0wyr5w author = B K, Anupama title = A Review of Acute Myocardial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4754 sentences = 219 flesch = 34 summary = Although SARS-CoV-2 infection predominantly causes pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia and ARDS, the disease has also been associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, heart failure, and venous thromboembolism [6] . Hence, one potential explanation for the higher likelihood of acquiring infection, and the increased risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with pre-existing CVD, maybe the elevated secretion of ACE2 in these patients, thus making them more susceptible to direct viral damage to cardiac myocytes [33] ; but, this has not yet been demonstrated in pathology studies. In a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 188 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, conducted to explore whether heart injury occurred during COVID-19 on admission and later increased mortality, approximately 11.2% of patients had high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-TnI) exceeding the clinical upper normal limit on admission. cache = ./cache/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306070-2dgs5oih author = Askin, Ozge title = Cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized patients diagnosed as COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2115 sentences = 161 flesch = 53 summary = According the statistical results the patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit had a higher risk of having cutaneous findings due to COVID‐19 infection. During this pandemic, several case reports, and some articles were published about cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Comparison of cutaneus manifestations according to variables of hospitalization (ward vs intensive care unit), age, gender, RT-PCR result was performed using chi-square independence test. The relationship between PCR positivity and cutaneous findings was examined by chi-square independence test and no statistical relationship was obtained between them ( χ 2 =1.990; sd=1; p>0.05) ( Table 3) . It was determined that the patients who were hospitalized in the ICU had a higher risk of having cutaneous findings due to COVID-19 infection (Table 5) . In our study 24% of the patients who were hospitalized showed cutaneous findings during COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305856-xt3zxajf author = Shanmugam, Chandrakumar title = COVID-2019 – A comprehensive pathology insight date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4597 sentences = 325 flesch = 46 summary = Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. The current pandemic of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) led to complete lockdown in many countries contributing to major socio-economic crisis and irreparable recession, globally. [22, 31, 32, 33] Similar to SARS CoV, a recent study reported non-O blood group specifically group A had higher infection and death rates due to COVID-19 owing to absence of protective anti-A IgM antibodies. Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China cache = ./cache/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305929-kxiuhu5m author = rugarabamu, s. title = Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2387 sentences = 146 flesch = 54 summary = title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. In this study, we investigated Tanzanian residents KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak.This was a cross sectional study that involved sample of online Tanzanian residents who was recruited via authors networks with residents and social media. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male gender, age-group of 16-29 years and education of secondary or lower were significantly associated with lower knowledge score.Our findings suggest that residents of a relatively high level of socioeconomic status, have had good knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.26.20080820 doi: medRxiv preprint investigated the KAP towards COVID-19 among online Tanzania residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305959-x061q8t7 author = Davoudi-Monfared, Effat title = A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4733 sentences = 280 flesch = 50 summary = As the primary outcome, time to the clinical response was not significantly different between the IFN and the control groups (9.7 ± 5.8 versus 8.3 ± 4.9 days, respectively, P = 0.95). The vital signs at the time of hospital admission were not statistically different, except respiratory rate was significantly higher in the IFN group (22 versus 20, respectively, P ϭ 0.009). As a primary outcome, the time to clinical response was not significantly different between the IFN and control groups (9.7 Ϯ 5.8 versus 8.3 Ϯ 4.9 days, respectively, P ϭ 0.95), which is shown in the Kaplan-Meier plot (Fig. 2) . On day 0, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the components Interferon ␤-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID19 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy of this scale. The present study was the first randomized, open-label, controlled trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of IFN ␤-1a in the treatment of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305763-160heazx author = Lai, Chih-Cheng title = Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4257 sentences = 264 flesch = 61 summary = One population-based study demonstrated that the positive rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hospital settings was 2.5% (170/6919), which was higher than that reported in the community setting (0.8%, 81/10,449) . Many studies had evaluated the seroprevalence among HCWs (Steensels et al., 2020; Martin et al., 2020; Korth et al., 2020; Stubblefield et al., 2020; Pallett et al., 2020; Grant et al., 2020; Hunter et al., 2020; Self et al., 2020; Moscola et al., 2020; Plebani et al., 2020 HCWs who regularly had direct contact with units housing adult COVID-19 patients in the month prior to undergoing testing with the validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the extracellular domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Stubblefield et al., 2020) . These findings may be due to the fact that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence varies according to the different study countries/regions, study populations, timing during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and methods used for serology tests. cache = ./cache/cord-305763-160heazx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305763-160heazx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306226-znj4gp87 author = Alemanno, Giovanni title = Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1295 sentences = 55 flesch = 40 summary = According to the precautionary principle, every patient undergoing emergency surgery not already tested for COVID-19, must be considered as potentially infected, an issue that entails putting into practice of all precautions. This principle of safety for all healthcare professionals obviously translates into implementing all the provisions used in confirmed COVID-19 patients for surgical interventions that are not postponable and that require the immediate availability of the operating room (such as trauma, shock, bleeding, suicide attempts, peritonitis, etc). Patients with a negative swab for COVID-19 who require surgery undertake the "clean" pathway with dedicated operating rooms and the possibility of hospitalization in the Covid-free surgical ward. If we consider also the apparent reduction/absence of polytrauma due to social distancing measures imposed by the government, a minor human contact in patient handover (even if digital platforms are provided) and the difficulties in the technical management of surgical COVID-19 patients in emergency settings, this pandemic era is further tempering the spirit of surgeons. cache = ./cache/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306008-kh4y44uy author = Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman title = Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3195 sentences = 156 flesch = 46 summary = Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, 1,2 Robert G Cumming, 1,2 Cyrille Delpierre, 3, 4 Michelle Kelly-Irving 3,4,5 ABSTRACT Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is widely associated with disease and mortality, and there is no reason to think this will not be the case for the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached a pandemic level. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. We identified published studies through a rapid review of PubMed from inception to 03 April 2020, with the following search terms: ('COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2') and ('characteristic', 'risk factors', 'socio', 'socioeconomic', 'occupation', 'education', 'income', 'wealth'). cache = ./cache/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306149-sd0s0jup author = Ratanarat, Ranistha title = Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3095 sentences = 199 flesch = 45 summary = Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also have promising experience with the "Kigali modification of the Berlin definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)" in the early detection and management of COVID-19 patients. In Thailand, awaiting definitive results of randomized clinical trials, critically ill COVID-19 patients receive combination therapies with at least three different mechanisms of action, including favipiravir for 10 days, depending on clinical symptoms. Respiratory support in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, with a focus on resource-limited settings cache = ./cache/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author = Clarfield, A. Mark title = Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9578 sentences = 449 flesch = 57 summary = Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person's sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary. cache = ./cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306141-19o76jqr author = Käpplinger, Bernd title = “The lockdown of physical co-operation touches the heart of adult education”: A Delphi study on immediate and expected effects of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6832 sentences = 411 flesch = 61 summary = This article is based on the first wave of an ongoing worldwide Delphi study which is currently analysing the immediate and expected effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult education and adult learning. In a next step, the results of this first (qualitative) survey will be transferred into a new questionnaire, which will then again be presented to experts from different countries and continents (e.g. some contributors to this year's cancelled international "Adult Education in Global Times" conference, AEGT2020). Although the first section of the questionnaire asked about immediate effects, respondents already mentioned likely changes in the near future here: "A new training for teachers, counsellors and other practitioners in adult education and learning will be necessary" (ID 45). In the second part of our questionnaire, we asked the experts about their expectations of the future effects of the COVID-19 crisis on adult education. cache = ./cache/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306342-wwinyu7x author = Marano, Luigi title = Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 831 sentences = 43 flesch = 48 summary = title: Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology Additionally, since the real problem of Italian health system is the lack of adequate intensive care facilities, the number of clinical departments that are open to patients in need of cure other than COVID-19 has been cut in half. On the same line, it is imperative to provide general recommendations within a tertiary referral center for surgical oncology for maintaining high quality cancer care in an extremely safe working environment. [3] investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and malignancies on a prospective cohort of 1571 patients reporting a higher incidence of severe events (need of intensive care unit or death), without an increase in incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Minimally invasive surgery and the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learned in China and Italy cache = ./cache/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306183-uhnrxuwd author = Bousquet, Guilhem title = ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 177 flesch = 55 summary = title: ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 Conclusion: ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. None of the following were associated with one-month inpatient mortality: gender, CT chest scan damage, malnutrition (BMI < 21 kg/m 2 or weight loss ≥ 5%), muscle weakness, depressed mood (mini GDS ≥ 1/4), serum levels of albumin, age-adjusted D-Dimers, CRP and LDH, absolute lymphocyte cell count, anticoagulant therapy, and hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combined therapy (Table 1) . We found that ADL-dependency before hospitalization, serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH, and the absence of anticoagulation were the factors independently associated with onemonth mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19. ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306270-9bsr2jz0 author = Chowdhury, Rajiv title = Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3314 sentences = 154 flesch = 44 summary = In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), strict social distancing measures (e.g., nationwide lockdown) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are unsustainable in the long-term due to knock-on socioeconomic and psychological effects. Among these, a sustained mitigation-only approach (adopted in many high-income countries) may not be feasible in most LMIC settings given the absence of nationwide population surveillance, generalised testing, contact tracing and critical care infrastructure needed to tackle the likely resurgence of infections. In conclusion, while we propose three community-based, non-pharmacological options for LMICs, a suitable measure should be context-specific and based on: (1) epidemiological considerations, (2) social and economic costs, (3) existing health systems capabilities and (4) future-proof plans to implement and sustain the strategy. Similar to the high-income nations, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) also responded to COVID-19 by implementing various population-level measures, including strict nationwide lockdowns and physical distancing [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306227-63qvvkvk author = Shammi, Mashura title = Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9355 sentences = 460 flesch = 52 summary = This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. First of all, the government should come up with a comprehensive strategic plan accompanied by non-governmental and social organizations and law enforcement to analyse the spread of the virus, identifying the most vulnerable hosts, properly tracked the movement of general people, precise estimation of economic losses from different financial and industrial sectors, educational diminutions and professional and informal employment disruption to picture an integrated scenario of the current situation and future predictions by which the revival of the negative aspects of the country could be managed. cache = ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306293-miyc5kok author = Sherman, Courtney B title = In‐Person Outreach and Telemedicine in Liver and Intestinal Transplant: A Survey of National Practices, Impact of COVID‐19 and Areas of Opportunity date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1623 sentences = 80 flesch = 47 summary = During the COVID-19 pandemic, among 55 of the 73 original responding programs (75%) from all 11 OPTN regions, telemedicine use increased from 16% to 98% and was used throughout all phases of transplant care. We conducted a national survey of all liver and intestinal adult and pediatric transplant programs active in 2018 in UNOS to assess practice patterns of in-person outreach clinics and telemedicine from January to March 2019. We assessed the use of outreach clinics as well as live video and asynchronous telemedicine (e.g. electronic consultation by review of medical records or imaging studies), including the frequency of telemedicine, duration of use, phase of transplant care in which it was used, providing care across state lines, and reimbursement. Given high clinical demands during the COVID-19 pandemic, our follow-up survey asked targeted questions limited to: 1) use of synchronous telemedicine modality (live video, telephone, both), 2) type of provider using telemedicine, 3) phase of transplant care for which telemedicine was used. cache = ./cache/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306177-5wefp31y author = Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso title = Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4804 sentences = 251 flesch = 42 summary = e Unites States Food and Drug Administration-(USFDA-) approved drugs [26] , drugbank [27, 28] , traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese and natural medicine [20, [28] [29] [30] [31] , dark chemical matter, and fooDB [25] are some of the ZINC database subsets that have been rigourously screened for molecules to combat SARS-CoV-2 with main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as the major therapeutic targets. Hence, this study analysed a plethora of natural products (NPs) from African medicinal plants with known bioactivities in human as therapeutic candidates targeting and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, replication, structural protein function, and host-specific receptors/enzymes. In the course of drug discovery, structure-based virtual screening is a computational approach utilised to identify promising novel small chemical ligands from curated chemical compound databases with potential activity against drug targets [48] . cache = ./cache/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306195-r2rt3upd author = Püschel, Klaus title = Corona deaths in Hamburg, Germany date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1406 sentences = 86 flesch = 52 summary = In December 2019, the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began in Hubei, China, and since then, a worldwide devastating pandemic has developed, which is affecting public and social life to a very high degree and overtaxing the medical systems of many countries. Our own experience with the autopsies performed in Hamburg to date shows very different disease courses and correspondingly diverse morphological and virological findings. With regard to other organ systems and the virological findings, our results show that SARS-CoV-2 has an organotropism beyond the respiratory tract that affects the heart, kidney, liver and brain [6] and ultimately contributes to the course of COVID-19 disease and the aggravation of pre-existing comorbidities. So far, we have 1000 unselected deaths with nasopharyngeal swabs in the public mortuary in Hamburg and in the crematorium which led to a relevant number of random discoveries, i.e. COVID-19 cases that would not have been noticed at all in the area of general practitioners, hospitals and public health care and therefore died undetected. cache = ./cache/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306243-ar7xvd2c author = Campbell, Katherine H. title = Consolidation of Obstetric Services in a Public Health Emergency date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3683 sentences = 157 flesch = 38 summary = Key stakeholders involved in the comprehensive delivery of obstetrical services should be identified and brought together for assessment of (1) ongoing obstetrical needs of the patient population; (2) hospital resources including availability of physical space, health care workers, and supplies; and (3) Regularly scheduled teleconference meetings that are frequent, but short, are important tools to ensure reliable and timely communication. Anticipating that a surge of infected patients, potential workforce illnesses or absences or increases in volume could overburden our capacity, we worked with our Medical Staff office to facilitate emergency privileges, when necessary, for supervision of labor and birth for providers not currently in active obstetric practice, such as gynecologic oncologists, urogynecologists, gynecologic specialty surgeons and family planning providers. In early April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic peaked within the New York metropolitan and surrounding areas, multiple sites within the NewYork Presbyterian health system identified the need for additional medical-surgical bed capacity to accommodate increasing numbers of non-obstetric adult COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306247-259zacce author = Garnica, Marcia title = COVID-19 in hematology: data from a hematologic and transplant unit date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2646 sentences = 163 flesch = 50 summary = We addressed our preparation to face COVID-19 pandemic in a Hematological and Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Brazil during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic and described COVID-19 cases in patients and health care workers (HCW). Despite a decrease in the number of procedures, the Transplant Program performed 8 autologous and 4 allogeneic SCT during the period, and 49 onco-hematological patients were admitted to continuing their treatments. Although we observed a high frequency of COVID-19 among patients and HCW, showing that SARS-CoV-2 is disseminated in Brazil, hematological patients were safely treated during pandemic times. 8 In this manuscript, we address our preparation to face the COVID-19 pandemic during the first two months and describe COVID-19 documented cases in patients and health care workers (HCW): from diagnosis to outcomes. This is a case series study from hematological patients treated from March 12 th to May 21 th in Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, a quaternary level hospital, reference for stem cell transplantation (SCT), and solid organ transplant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-306247-259zacce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306247-259zacce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306347-gmw3z85r author = Maniscalco, Pietro title = The deep impact of novel CoVID-19 infection in an Orthopedics and Traumatology Department: the experience of the Piacenza Hospital date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3415 sentences = 178 flesch = 56 summary = Since the end of February, 2020 the words "coronavirus" and "CoVID-19" has become routinely used by Italian people because of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus and the dramatic impact on Italy in terms of infected patients, overcrowding in hospitals and the high number of deaths. For this reason, we quickly modified several times the hospital organization increasing the number of emergency clinicians thanks to the help of the EDs of "Castel San Giovanni" and "Fiorenzuola d'Arda" Hospitals, moving away the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in another local building in Piacenza -"Casa di Cura Piacenza"-, and designing a disaster plan. Based on the observation that the ED has been overcrowded with CoVID-19 infected people already in serious condition and all these patient had a story of days or weeks spent at this home with flu-like symptoms and exertional dyspnea at first, then dyspnea at rest with urgent hospitalization for acute respiratory failure, dr Cavanna designed a plan to dramatically reduce admission to ED. cache = ./cache/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306200-d5qn65k0 author = Petersen, Eskild title = COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1469 sentences = 74 flesch = 52 summary = Whilst travel restriction measures that significantly interfere with international traffic may be justified at the beginning of an outbreak, since they allow countries time to implement effective preparedness measures based on careful risk assessment, they should be based on a reasoned scientific evaluation of the available evidence on their possible effectiveness. The purpose of the WHO International Health Regulations [WHO, 2020b] is to 'prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which The WHO's advice, based on many years of international outbreak response, was considered by many to be reasonable and evidence-based but the recommendation on travel restrictions has not been heeded by governments and politicians in the face of rapid spread of COVID-19 between countries. cache = ./cache/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306199-3ssri5nf author = Tseng, Jennifer title = How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process? date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1324 sentences = 104 flesch = 40 summary = This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons. Though an applicant's financial expenditures vary depending on the individual candidate, fellowship program and even geographical locations of both, 9 there are published surveys that help guide an estimate of the economic burden of surgical fellowship interviewing ( Table 1) . With COVID-19, virtual interviews have been a necessary adjustment for fellowship training programs in match seasons, and they may be the future of residency and fellowship recruitment. Financial and educational costs of the residency interview process for urology applicants The Burden of the Fellowship Interview Process on General Surgery Residents and Programs Surgical Fellowship Interview Seasons Affected by COVID-19 Student applicants in the 2015 residency match Neurosurgery Mean ± SD: $6,930 ± $ cache = ./cache/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306453-w1sxap5p author = Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A.M. title = Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4582 sentences = 240 flesch = 51 summary = This is a multi-center cohort study on pregnant women admitted to the hospital for treatment of severe and/or critical COVID-19 infection from March 5 to April 20, 2020. The primary outcome was median duration (from hospital admission to discharge) overall and for women with severe versus critical COVID-19 infection. The clinical course of disease in hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection seems to be similar to non-pregnant persons in the limited available studies. As there are currently few reports of severe or critical COVID-19 infections in pregnant women, this study seeks to describe these patients and their clinical progression. One useful variable is time: in our data, pregnant women with COVID-19 who developed critical disease and needed intubation progressed quickly from admission on day 7 from symptom onset to intubation on day 9. To date, we are not aware of a larger cohort study examining specifically the disease course of pregnant women hospitalized with molecular test confirmed severe or critical COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306322-vx1fqtl5 author = Wang, Yuanyuan title = Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 460 sentences = 32 flesch = 45 summary = title: Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic 4 Because of the difficulties caused by COVID-19 discussed above, it is likely that transgender individuals are also facing challenging situations with regards to their mental health. In our transgender clinic, in Beijing, China, we found that difficulty in accessing hormone interventions was associated with high levels of anxiety and depression due to uncertainty about the availability of future treatments and struggles with maintaining unwanted gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. After genderaffirming surgery, groups such as transgender women tend to have adverse outcomes of vaginoplasty, such as visceral injury, fistulas, vaginal prolapse, and pelvic floor disorders, which occur because of the complex nature of the gender reassignment and require long-term care after surgery. Health care and mental wellbeing in the transgender and gender-diverse Chinese population Reduction in mental health treatment utilization among transgender individuals after gender-affirming surgeries: a total population study cache = ./cache/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306375-cs4s2o8y author = Costa-Santos, C. title = COVID-19 surveillance - a descriptive study on data quality issues date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5151 sentences = 252 flesch = 52 summary = Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there is no study performing a structured assessment of data quality issues from the datasets provided by National Surveillance Systems for research purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This updated database had an inconsistent manifest, including some variables presented in a different format (for example, instead of a variable with the outcome of the patient, the second dataset presented two dates: death and recovery date), or with different definitions (for example, variable age was defined as the age at the time of COVID-19 onset or as age at the time of COVID-19 notification, in the first and second datasets, respectively), which raised concerns regarding their use for valid research and replication of the analysis made using the first version of data. The DGSAugust dataset included 38520 COVID-19 cases diagnosed between March and June, less 4,003 cases (9%) than the daily public report provided by Portuguese Directorate-General of Health. cache = ./cache/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306214-2wjv6aeb author = Medjeral-Thomas, Nicholas R. title = Cohort study of outpatient hemodialysis management strategies for COVID-19 in North-West London date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2784 sentences = 175 flesch = 47 summary = We analysed associations between features at diagnosis and the first 3 consecutive haemodialysis sessions in patients who required future hospital admission, and those who had died at 28 days. Of the 85 patients who received outpatient haemodialysis on IsolHD immediately following COVID-19 diagnosis (IsolHD-first cohort, Figure 1 ), 29 patients (34%) were admitted after median 3 dialysis sessions (IQR 2-4) over 9 days (IQR 5-12 days). Characteristics at the first haemodialysis session following COVID-19 diagnosis (HD1) were associated with hospital admission and death at 28 days (Table 1 ). Unlike other clinical observations, pre and post dialysis SaO 2 decreased over the first 3 dialysis sessions in the future hospital admission and death by 28 days cohorts (Table 3) . Consequently, the differences in SaO2 between clinical outcome cohorts was greatest at the third haemodialysis session (HD3) post COVID-19 diagnosis; SaO 2 were 5% and 6% lower in the 'future admission' and 'death by 28 days' cohorts respectively ( Figure 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306377-s9j21zsy author = Yan, Li title = A machine learning-based model for survival prediction in patients with severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3467 sentences = 208 flesch = 55 summary = To support decision making and logistical planning in healthcare systems, this study leverages a database of blood samples from 404 infected patients in the region of Wuhan, China to identify crucial predictive biomarkers of disease severity. For this purpose, machine learning tools selected three biomarkers that predict the survival of individual patients with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027 doi: medRxiv preprint Data Pre-processing: Imported patients' data, used all clinical measurements of their last available date as features and set 'survival' and 'death' as labels for two classes. Multi-tree XGBoost was trained with the parameters setting as the max depth with 4, the learning rate was equal 0.2, the tress number of estimators was set to 150, the value of the regularization parameter α was set to 1 and the 'subsample' and 'colsample_bytree' both were set to 0.9 to prevent overfitting when there were many features but the sample size was not large [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306351-ka6asw3m author = Alsuliman, Tamim title = A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6057 sentences = 374 flesch = 48 summary = Several trials of Remdesivir treatment on few patients in the United States have shown early promising benefits in cases with severe pneumonia [33, 34] . On the other hand, data emerging from other ongoing Chinese trials have demonstrated that CQ phosphate is superior to a control treatment in the following areas: pneumonia exacerbation inhibition, imaging findings improvement, virus negative conversion promoting, and disease course shortening [62] . For example, clinical data from reliable randomized controlled studies are still missing, and data published to date lacks homogeneity in terms of recommended dose concentration, treatment duration, and severity of patient illness [58] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China cache = ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306421-r8wzvpn5 author = Sizoo, Eefje M. title = Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3777 sentences = 286 flesch = 64 summary = title: Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians Objectives To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, a nationwide restriction for all visitors of residents of long-term care facilities including nursing homes (NHs) was established in the Netherlands. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) The need for balancing safety for all through infection prevention measures versus quality of life of the individual residents and their loved ones; (2) The challenge of assessing the dying phase and how the allowed exception to the strict visitor restriction in the dying phase could be implemented; (3) The profound emotional impact on ECPs; (4) Many alternatives for visits highlight the wish to compensate for the absence of face to face contact opportunities. Conclusions and Implications ECPs reported that the restrictive visitor policy deeply impacts NHs residents, their loved ones and care professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306495-o0ah1gj9 author = Haidar, Ghady title = COVID-19, organ transplantation, and the nuances of immunomodulation: lessons learned and what comes next date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1262 sentences = 74 flesch = 47 summary = Thus, while morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 in SOT recipients are substantial, A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 they appear to be driven by age and underlying medical conditions and unaffected by immunosuppression, corroborating the results of other studies in the general population. The study included only 30 lung transplant recipients was therefore unable to assess whether mortality in these patients is greatest (as is the case with sepsis [3] ), or whether COVID-19 precipitates acute or chronic lung allograft rejection. Furthermore, since all laboratory testing was done as standard of care, the study could not evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viremia or the duration of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity, which may be longer than that of non-transplant patients. cache = ./cache/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306414-2dv3qced author = Gutierrez, Lucas title = Deciphering the TCR Repertoire to Solve the COVID-19 Mystery date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6993 sentences = 368 flesch = 42 summary = Advances in sequencing technologies and single-cell immune profiling can be leveraged to monitor adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 patients and guide future SARS-CoV-2 immunotherapy and biomarker development. Whether the aged and less diverse TCR repertoire impacts the ability to generate a sufficiently robust T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 in older patients remains to be studied. The development of faster and cheaper sequencing technologies, augmented by the advances in computational tools, support the feasibility of using TCR analyses not only to track SARS-CoV-2specific T cell expansion post-COVID-19 infection or in the course of treating patients with COVID-19, but also to establish certain features of the TCR repertoire architecture as predictive biomarkers for patients' clinical outcome. Thus, a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics and composition of the TCR repertoires to SARS-CoV-2 infection can largely contribute to the evolving understanding of the functional and mechanistic involvement of the adaptive immune cell response and potentially guide the design of effective treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306466-y4yg42p8 author = Nofal, Ahmed Maged title = Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5717 sentences = 292 flesch = 36 summary = Particularly, we examine if major personality traits (i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability) [12] , yield differences in the tendency of people to comply with 21 implemented COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines (see S1 Appendix). However, there has been no work examining the influence of personality traits, such as the big five (i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability) on the tendency of people to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. Connecting literatures of emotional responses to COVID-19 messages, and personalized/tailored communication, we believe that this research not only supports prior work in highlighting the importance of pro-social messages, but also the importance of knowing the specific personality traits that may make individuals less likely to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. First, drawing from research on persuasive mass communication [e.g., 19] , we aim to demonstrate if personality traits, specifically, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability, relate to the tendency of people to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306567-44w6op7p author = Krittanawong, Chayakrit title = Misinformation dissemination in Twitter in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 78 flesch = 45 summary = (Figure) To our knowledge, this is the first study utilizing Twitter to identify individuals' selfreporting of COVID-19 perceptions and attributions in non-academic settings. Our results demonstrate that Tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic in non-academic settings may be a valuable source of public health research, especially related to misinformation dissemination. Interestingly, after manual review, we found that Tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic in non-academic contexts primarily contain unverifiable information or blatant misinformation. Notwithstanding, COVID-19 is an evolving disease, and there has been no robust clinical evidence linking the influenza vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Third, misinformation regarding the possible mislabeling of influenza or allergy-related deaths or cases as a COVID-19 death or case is relatively common among non-academic Tweets. However, there is no strong evidence to support the claim that patients with allergies, influenza, or asthma are at an increased risk for COVID-19 infection or infection-related death (11) . cache = ./cache/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306685-w7y5g2x0 author = Chalk, D. title = Modelling Palliative and End of Life resource requirements during COVID-19: implications for quality care date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3976 sentences = 208 flesch = 54 summary = Methods A Discrete Event Simulation model designed in collaboration with health service funders, health providers, clinicians and modellers in the South West of England was created to estimate the resources required during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for deaths from COVID-19 in the community for a geographical area of nearly 1 million people. The model identified a large increase in need for staff time, including registered community nurses, health care assistants and specialist palliative care nurses and doctors, as well as pressure on resources including syringe pumps and anticipatory medication (such as opioids) used at the EoL for symptom relief from breathlessness and delirium. Based on the model analysis for additional COVID-19 EoL care need, specialist palliative care demand is predicted to increase by around 9 hours per day. Nine additional syringe pumps needing to be in use per day, at a cost of around £1742 each or £15,678 in total is also a significant added resource demand for EoL care for patients with COVID-19 in the community. cache = ./cache/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306652-e9zvyftn author = Eng, Oliver S. title = Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 516 sentences = 41 flesch = 50 summary = As the COVID-19 pandemic approaches peak incidence in many areas, recovery and emergence plans including the re-initiation of surgical cases are underway. Keywords: COVID-19, recovery, surgical ethics As the COVID-19 pandemic approaches peak incidence in many areas, recovery and emergence plans including the re-initiation of surgical cases are underway. Last but not least, we need to share with patients the possible uncertainty of long-term operative outcomes during the COVID-19 era to engage them in shared decision making, weighing the risks of infection against the benefits of surgery and adding in consideration of consumption of resources beyond the individual surgeon in this unprecedented time of public health stress. Medically-Necessary, Time-Sensitive Procedures: A Scoring System to Ethically and Efficiently Manage Resource Scarcity and Provider Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic : Considerations cache = ./cache/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306536-tkjg6iu0 author = Tang, P. M. title = Geographical identification of the vulnerable groups during COVID-19 crisis: the typhoon eye effect and its boundary conditions date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3537 sentences = 230 flesch = 59 summary = We aim to use early evidence in China to help mental health services providers in screening people with wellbeing issues during COVID-19 outbreak from a novel perspective of typhoon eye theory. Our survey gathered subjects' life satisfaction, distance to the epicenter, and sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, education, family size, the number of office days last week, and job status. The regression results in Table 2 indicated the negative association between the distance to the epicenter and life satisfaction (β = -0.235, 95% CI -0.450 to -0.020; p = 0.032), supporting the typhoon eye effect. 28.20083667 doi: medRxiv preprint further identify the vulnerable groups that mentally suffer the most associated with their distance during the outbreak: younger adults and individuals with small family size to provide important insights for mental health service providers while conducting the clinical screening. cache = ./cache/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306599-oedkaf75 author = Gumina, Stefano title = The impact of COVID-19 on shoulder and elbow trauma. An Italian survey date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1869 sentences = 126 flesch = 66 summary = Materials and methods Patients managed in our Trauma Centre between 8th March 2020 and 8th April 2020 (COVID-19 period) for a shoulder and elbow trauma were retrospectively included and compared to patients admitted in the same period of 2019 (no COVID-19 period).Clinical records of all participants were examined to obtain information regarding age, sex, mechanism of injury, diagnosis. Conclusions During the COVID period, we provided a reduced number of health services, especially for patients with low energy trauma and for those who underwent sports and traffic accidents. During the COVID period, in our Trauma Center, we provided a reduced number of health 227 services, compared to the same time of the previous year, especially for those patients with low 228 energy trauma (contusions) and for those who underwent sports injuries and traffic accidents government restrictions imposed to limit COVID-19 spread. cache = ./cache/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306551-qf7h9m78 author = Han, Heesup title = The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6921 sentences = 366 flesch = 41 summary = In sum, the theoretical premise of this research in the international tourism sector is that the travelers who have strong knowledge of COVID-19 are likely to form a positive attitude toward safer destination choice behaviors and to perceive the social norm to practice the action, which leads to the increased intention to engage in the behavior in conjunction with the perceived behavioral control. In-line with the evidence from these studies, tourists' perceived knowledge of COVID-19 can be the essential driver of their subjective norms and attitudes to generate an approachable decision for safer international tourism destination. In conclusion, we built a robust theoretical framework for US tourists' post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international tourism destinations, which linked the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 to the focal constructs of the TPB and encompassed the moderating influence of the psychological risk through the empirical approach. cache = ./cache/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306465-7kevsl1z author = Agarwal, Krishna Mohan title = Study and Overview of the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2645 sentences = 170 flesch = 59 summary = In December 2019, a new disease with pneumonia-like symptoms was spreading throughout Wuhan in China which was entitled as novel coronavirus disease or COVID -19 caused by the virus SARS CoV-2. The current global pandemic is caused by the "novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) popularly known as COVID19 Hunan seafood market was sealed, on 7 th January roughly a week after China's notification of a possible outbreak the disease was confirmed to be the novel coronavirus disease or COVID-19 which has more than 95% homology with bat coronavirus and almost 70% similarity to the SARS CoV-1 Flatten the curve is a statement used during healthcare emergencies, its basic concept is to limit the spread of the virus such that at any given time during a pandemic the total number of patients required to be hospitalized is less than the maximum capacity of the state's health infrastructure. cache = ./cache/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306585-kdlv46tq author = Zhang, Z. title = Dynamical balance between the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic development date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2536 sentences = 145 flesch = 54 summary = Further results indicate the existence of interaction and mutual restraint among the transmission, intervention and economy, in which strong coupling of COVID-19 and economy would trigger disease outbreak and form poverty trap, while adaptive isolation of at-risk population could effectively reduce morbidity at the cost of least economic loss. where the parameter θ and g 0 represent the growth rate of GDP per capita, and the maximum income in absence of disease; r 1 (r 2 ) is the original reproduction number contributed by individuals in incubation (infectious) states, which equals the product of effective contact rates and time 2 . Furthermore, the growth rate of GDP per capita (θ), and the maximum income in absence of disease (g 0 ), as well as the isolation rates (q i ) are negatively associated with R 0 , indicating that economic development and quarantine strategies can significantly reduce infection risk. In this paper, a new dynamical model is developed for coupling the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic growth. cache = ./cache/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306646-6c7n0xir author = Crimi, Claudia title = Resumption of Respiratory Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 era: experience from Southern Italy date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1249 sentences = 77 flesch = 47 summary = This manuscript describes the experience of a Southern Italy Respiratory Unit for safely resuming outpatient respiratory services and preventing COVID-19 transmission. The Sars-CoV-2 infection is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets 3 and close contact, and both respiratory clinicians and patients are at increased risk for transmission during the outpatient visit and the pulmonary function testing procedures. Therefore, a plan to manage the health issues of people with pre-existing chronic lung conditions is essential to prevent an inevitably indirect effect of COVID-19 on these frail patients that could be devastating, increasing deaths and disabilities. We need to change the way we provided care to patients so far and co-habit with the "silent enemy", since chronic severe medical conditions still exist despite COVID-19, and we need to take care of them taking urgent and effective actions in continuing to assist chronic respiratory diseases while preventing infection dissemination. cache = ./cache/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306670-c2jm0g88 author = Zhang, Yan title = Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 167 flesch = 45 summary = COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (11.1% vs. In the current study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 258 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and compared the differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory markers, treatment strategies, and short-term prognosis including death between patients with and without diabetes. We found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severely or critically ill subtypes, including more complications with ARDS, acute cardiac injury, resulting in receiving more antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, we found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes also had preexisting cardiovascular disease, and were more susceptible to having acute cardiac injury during hospitalization, which might increase the possibility of short-term poor prognosis in patients with diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306721-18tmaw2i author = Thorne, C.J. title = COVID-19 Resuscitation guidelines: a blanket rule for everyone? date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 632 sentences = 40 flesch = 44 summary = Both the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the Resuscitation Council UK 1 have published guidelines for cardiac arrest management in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases which differs substantially from the 2015 ALS guidelines 2 . Other hospitals use the 2015 ALS algorithm for 'clean' wards and the COVID-19 algorithm for infected wards, with PPE for clean wards being personal preference. As members of hospital cardiac arrest teams, we wish to share our experience of the implementation of COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines. Whilst in this particular case the patient had a good outcome, there is a risk of harm in future cases from the delayed initiation of resuscitation related to COVID-19 guidelines being applied outside of the context for which they were intended. Resuscitation Council UK Statement on COVID-19 in relation to CPR and resuscitation in acute hospital settings Public Health England: Guidance COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE) cache = ./cache/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306700-sz3bji8c author = Gandhi, Abhay Jayprakash title = An Ayurvedic Perspective along with in Silico Study of the Drugs for the Management of Sars-Cov-2 date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1440 sentences = 106 flesch = 59 summary = Materials & Methods: Available symptoms of Covid 19 were thoroughly studied and reviewed through Ayurveda classics, internet, preprints, etc. CONCLUSION: Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaraadi Kashaya(Sunthi, Puskarmoola, Kantakari, Guduchi) may have appreciable results in combating SARS-COV-2. The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the Noval Corona Virus (nCoV) that is now officially designated as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, represents a pandemic threat to global public health. The present piece of work studies the virtual screening of the phytoconstituents which can help for a further invitro, invivo research for Covid 19. Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaraadi Kashaya may have appreciable results in combating SARS-COV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306690-s5mxes4r author = Shangguan, Ziheng title = What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8704 sentences = 408 flesch = 50 summary = Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China's current management system and public health policy. Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 8 December 2019 [1] , COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and infected over three million people worldwide (as of 28 April 2020), causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis from the aspects of China's current management system and public health policy. cache = ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306733-df36w6l7 author = Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio title = What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8591 sentences = 420 flesch = 39 summary = Transient nuclear genome transformation Rapid production; high productivity; implemented at the industrial level Seed bank cannot be generated; requires purification of the antigen to eliminate toxic compounds from the host and ag-robacteria residues S protein; multiepitope vaccines A chimeric protein of GFP and amino acids 1-658 of the SARS-CoV-1 S protein (S1:GFP) was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves and stably transformed in tobacco and lettuce. No immunization assays were performed The SARS-CoV-1 N protein was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, which induced in mice high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a and up regulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 in splenocytes. The precedents of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS antigens expressed in recombinant systems leading to the formation of VLPs constitute important guides for the topic of COVID-19 vaccine development. Thus, VLPs based on the main SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins is an attractive approach for vaccine development against coronavirus infections. cache = ./cache/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306748-i9ndb71n author = Kobia, Francis title = COVID-19: Are Africa’s diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness? date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3218 sentences = 148 flesch = 51 summary = In fact, this strategy is being used by Senegal, which together with UK collaborators, is developing an affordable COVID-19 RDT (expected to cost $1 per test) for home use in African countries (Financial Times, 2020b). The authors contend that most African countries lack the capacity to administer mass screening to ascertain the extent of the disease spread, and call for support toward the development of homegrown RDTs and POCTs as a strategy to achieve mass screening of COVID-19 in Africa The present review by the authors provides important information on diagnostic challenges facing African countries in their combat against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Specific to the present COVID-19 case, would it be faster and cheaper importing the diagnostic tools, as is already being done by some countries?The authors may wish to put " " section before " COVID-19 point of care testing strategies " section, for consistency with the conclusion. cache = ./cache/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306760-05my504t author = Turner, Dan title = Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3832 sentences = 209 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. In light of the hyperinflammatory immune response seen in patients with COVID-19 it is highly relevant that blockade of IL-6R with tocilizumab resulted in clinical improvement associated with normalisation of fever, lymphocyte counts, and CRP in a retrospective group of 21 adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (20) . Therefore, uninfected children should generally continue their medical treatment, including immunomodulators and biologic therapies, as the risk of a disease flare outweighs any estimated risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-306760-05my504t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306760-05my504t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306729-oa9i4ss9 author = Luo, Li-Sha title = COVID-19: Presumed Infection Routes and Psychological Impact on Staff in Administrative and Logistics Departments in a Designated Hospital in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3081 sentences = 152 flesch = 45 summary = The current study thus aimed to explore the potential infection routes and psychological changes among hospital staff in ALDs and to provide scientific suggestions on preventing adverse effects among this population's during large-scale infectious diseases outbreaks. During previous infectious diseases outbreaks, studies on the healthcare staff 's infection have focused on the front-line doctors and nurses, while the staffs in FIGURE 1 | Psychological status before and after diagnosis of the COVID-19 staffs in administrative and logistics departments (A: awareness of the epidemic before diagnosis; B: mental attitude before diagnosis; C: psychological stress or emotional changes after diagnosis; D: the possible causes of emotional change after diagnosis; E: the methods used to control stress or mood changes after diagnosis; and F: the sources of comfort and care after diagnosis). In our study, we found no significant difference in psychological impact between infected doctors and nurses and staff in ALDs-neither in the awareness and mental attitude to the epidemic before diagnosis or the psychological changes after diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306858-8ypafd3h author = da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title = Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3214 sentences = 174 flesch = 50 summary = title: Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis RESULTS: Health professionals working to fight COVID-19 are being more severely affected by psychiatric disorders associated with depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia, stress, and indirect traumatization than other occupational groups. In the face of long work shifts (that reach 16 hours per day on average), the risk of getting infected by a high-infectious disease and the lack of enough biological protection measures, mental suffering among health professionals suddenly became evident and, as a consequence, it brought sleep, anxiety, and depression disorders. (2020) present higher statistically significant risks of a psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306810-g64gjpbd author = Mendivelso Duarte, Fredy Orlando title = Recomendaciones para la reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3115 sentences = 341 flesch = 53 summary = Dada la incertidumbre que acompaña a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y ante la necesidad de dar respuesta a múltiples problemas de salud crónicos y agudos que afectan a la población general, incluidos aquellos que precisan de una intervención quirúrgica, se presentan las recomendaciones implementadas en clínicas y hospitales de Colombia como guía para lograr una reapertura de los servicios de cirugía electiva de forma segura, escalonada y monitoreada acorde a la dinámica que impone la pandemia, la regulación nacional e internacional y la velocidad en la producción de evidencia científica relacionada con la COVID-19. En este artículo se sintetizan las recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible hasta el momento y las lecciones aprendidas durante el proceso de reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva de alta complejidad, cirugía ambulatoria mayor y cirugía de corta estancia instaurados en instituciones de mediana y alta complejidad en Colombia tomando como marco de referencia el riesgo individual de infección por COVID-19, la disminución de casos en el área geográfica de influencia de cada hospital y el riesgo de que pueda empeorar la salud de los pacientes que requieren una cirugía electiva si se demora la intervención. cache = ./cache/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306718-7wp5jmxe author = Remaeus, Katarina title = Characteristics and short‐term obstetric outcomes in a case series of 67 women tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Stockholm, Sweden date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2558 sentences = 154 flesch = 57 summary = For the care of pregnant women positive for SARS-CoV-2, National Swedish guidelines were published early in the pandemic and recommended individualized antenatal care, mode of delivery based on obstetric considerations, and no routine separation of the mother and newborn after birth. Here, we want to report a case series of 67 women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2, who gave birth from March 19 until April 26, 2020 in the Stockholm region, Sweden. In this case series of 67 SARS-CoV-2 test-positive delivered women with varying clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to manifest COVID19 disease, the majority had a vaginal, term birth and delivered a healthy normal weight neonate that did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2. In this case series of 67 test-positive women few women presented with severe COVID-19 illness, a majority had a vaginal birth at term with a healthy neonate that were test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author = Mick, Paul title = Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6318 sentences = 332 flesch = 43 summary = During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306790-82nltfk3 author = Sheikh, Abu Baker title = Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction in Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2015 sentences = 117 flesch = 41 summary = The infection is severe in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and a systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases can lead to acute myocardial infarction. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 56-year-old man with cardiovascular risk factors including coronary artery disease, hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and hyperlipidemia, who had COVID-19-induced pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia and cardiovascular risk factors, a severe systemic inflammatory response can lead to atherosclerotic plaque rupture, which can manifest as acute coronary syndrome. A systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases can lead to acute myocardial infarction. Here, we report the case of a 56-year-old man with multiple comorbidities and pre-existing cardiovascular disease; he was COVID-19-positive and hospitalized with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). cache = ./cache/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306881-wrd2rhjz author = Gehrie, Eric title = Transfusion Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3296 sentences = 140 flesch = 44 summary = In this article, we highlight "best practices" that have emerged during the pandemic, focusing on management of blood supply and blood bank operations, rapid incorporation of COVID-19 convalescent plasma into blood bank inventory, and changes to the approach to the patient requiring therapeutic apheresis. Extrapolation from previous experience with SARS-CoV, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and influenza, and with the strong backing of statements by AABB, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the preliminary experience of other areas that were afflicted by COVID-19 prior to its wide spread in the United States, blood bankers were able to convince most stakeholders that the true risk to the blood supply was not SARS-CoV-2 itself, but rather social distancing practices resulting in an interruption to the critically needed blood supply. cache = ./cache/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306809-ugxuh7z4 author = AKÇAY, Şule title = Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1624 sentences = 102 flesch = 47 summary = The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In another Chinese series, the authors emphasized that COVID-19 pneumonia manifested with chest CT imaging abnormalities, even in asymptomatic patients, with rapid evolution from focal unilateral to diffuse bilateral groundglass opacities that progressed to or coexisted with consolidations within 1-3 weeks. 1. Early stage (0-4 days after onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, ground-glass opacities (GGO) was the main radiological demonstration distributed subpleurally in the lower lobes unilaterally or bilaterally. 2. Progressive stage (5-8 days after the onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, the infection rapidly aggravated and extended to a bilateral multi-lobe distribution with diffuse GGO, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation. cache = ./cache/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306835-juitltpi author = Babaei, Fatemeh title = Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19 date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6226 sentences = 363 flesch = 45 summary = The keywords used for the search were as follows: coronavirus-19, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, curcumin, Curcuma longa, turmeric, curcumin and antiviral, curcumin and anti-inflammatory, curcumin and antipyretic, curcumin and lung, curcumin and acute lung injury, curcumin and fatigue, curcumin and antioxidant, curcumin and ARDS, curcumin and bradykinin, curcumin and fibrosis, curcumin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), curcumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), curcumin and NF-κB, curcumin and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), curcumin and antiapoptotic. AA: arachidonic acid, ALI: acute lung injury, AP-1: activator protein 1, BK: bradykinin, ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Ang II: angiotensin II, ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome, Cas-3: caspase 3, COX: cyclooxygenase, CXCL: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, 12-HPETE: 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, 12 LOX: 12-lipoxygenase, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PLA2: phospholipase A2, PG: prostaglandin, SMAD3: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-beta 1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TRPA1: transient receptor potential channel subfamily vanilloid member 1, TRPV1: transient receptor potential channel subfamily A member 1 mechanisms that curcumin may be useful to prevent or treat the ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306952-cpltrsa7 author = de Souza, Pedro Mansueto Melo title = Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1244 sentences = 55 flesch = 51 summary = title: Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil Moreover, unlike most other Death Verification Services in Brazil, the SVO-RF also implemented a medical team that drives to the houses where the death occurred, to investigate cases where a clinical necropsy was not indicated, such as with patients with advanced cancer diagnoses or other chronic terminal illnesses that die at home, without any home care program. All deaths from this period were investigated through physician-certified verbal autopsies (PCVA), external body examination, and collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples in cases of suspected COVID-19, with the 3 SVO-Mobile teams moving to their homes while continuing to receive bodies at headquarters. Among the 2,115 household deaths in this period, 353 (16.69%) cases had clinical-epidemiological criteria for suspected COVID-19, with the weekly variation starting from 0.00% in the first 2 weeks studied, up to 37.71% in the 20th EW (Table 1) . Secretaria de Vigilâ ncia em Saúde. cache = ./cache/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306916-4dqzuy4u author = Barré, Jean title = Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3294 sentences = 182 flesch = 38 summary = Ten experimentally supported properties were retrieved, either related to SARS-CoV-2 (antiviral properties, prevention of endotheliitis and of neurological disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2), and/or related to the host (improvement of atherogenic vascular inflammation, limitation of the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, improvement of respiratory symptoms), and/or related to serious COVID-19 outcomes (limitation of the cytokine storm, mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome), and/or related to tissue sequelae (antioxidant properties, anti-fibrosis effects). This "cytokine storm", reportedly due to angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE2) downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 (Bourgonje et al., 2020) , triggers a proinflammatory environment which is strongly associated with severe tissue damages, contributing to ARDS and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients (Kimura et al., 2013) . Interestingly, a recent in silico exploration identified montelukast (MK), from the Leukasts family (LKs; i.e. cysteinyl leukotriene receptors antagonists), among the top-scoring clinically-oriented drugs likely to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Huynh et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306856-swiskyuf author = Ducournau, F. title = COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1378 sentences = 83 flesch = 55 summary = A hand surgeon and an assistant from the Wuhan region were infected on 22nd January 2020 whilst operating on a COVID-19 patient. The questionnaire focused on the existing protocols in five key areas: operating theatres, surgeons' meeting rooms, wards, emergency rooms and external consultations. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore cache = ./cache/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307207-xfu5d7dt author = Abbas, Ahmed M. title = COVID‐19 and maternal pre‐eclampsia; a synopsis date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 749 sentences = 60 flesch = 50 summary = In March 2020, the World health organization reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic.(1) Khan et al., 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID‐19 pregnant women, showed a rate of 29.1% preterm birth and 16.4% low birth weight among their babies.(2) This increases the interest that hyper‐inflammatory state in COVID‐19 may be associated with hypoxic injury in the placenta and developing pre‐eclamptic state. 1 Khan et al., 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID-19 pregnant women, showed a rate of 29.1% preterm birth and 16.4% low birth weight among their babies. Possible COVID-19 intrauterine infection may alter the expression of ACE2 and develop pre-eclamptic state via raised Angiotensin II level in the placental villi leading to vasoconstriction and restricted fetal blood flow. 7 Systematic review about maternal serum cytokines in pre-eclampsia revealed significant increase of maternal IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα compared with normotensive pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to show the association between COVID-19 and development of pre-eclampsia. cache = ./cache/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306832-w8s282nq author = Tarragón, Blanca title = FRACASO RENAL AGUDO EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR COVID-19 date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3471 sentences = 362 flesch = 59 summary = La mediana de estancia fue de 12 días (RIC 9-23), y el 22% fallecieron-Los pacientes que desarrollaron FRA durante el ingreso presentaron valores más altos de proteína C-reactiva, LDH o dímero D, una afectación pulmonar más grave, más necesidad de ingreso en UCI, más tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir y fármacos biológicos y mayor necesidad de TSR. Además, esta afectación en pacientes COVID-19 no es uniforme según lo comunicado por los hospitales chinos y puede estar condicionada por la estrategia de detección de casos de cada sistema de salud, la política de ingresos de cada hospital, la definición de daño renal e incluso los factores genéticos y ambientales de las diversas poblaciones afectadas. El FRA se ha definido como factor de peor pronóstico y mayor mortalidad en pacientes ingresados con infección por SARS-Cov-2 9,10 . cache = ./cache/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307044-4czeehkq author = Liu, Jiaye title = Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3520 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies had been carried out on the impact of chronic HBV infection on the disease progression and liver function changes of COVID-19 patients, and how the SARS-CoV-2 infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection. 16 The factors for propensity score calculation include age, gender, body mass index (BMI), time intervals between COVID-19 onset to hospital admission, number of comorbidities except for CHB, liver biochemistries (ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL), PaO2/FIO2 ratio, chest CT score, CRP, lymphocyte count, and platelet count at baseline. As the median of testing/assessing time intervals and follow-up durations were 3 days and 14 days for liver biochemistries (ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL), we compared the dynamic levels of these indicators within/between the two groups at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days during hospitalization. The median levels of liver biochemistries over time were no significant difference between two groups ( Figure 3 ; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ALT: p=0.56, AST: p=0.58, GGT: p=0.43, TBIL: p=0. cache = ./cache/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307087-zsbmaieg author = Aguiar de Sousa, Diana title = The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1386 sentences = 67 flesch = 48 summary = In these articles, colleagues from China 3 and Spain 4 used data from stroke registries to compare the number of admissions during the pandemic surge and the corresponding period in the previous year, confirming a clear reduction in stroke admissions during this early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. One study, based on data from a registry including 280 stroke centers throughout China, reported a 40% drop in stroke admissions during the pandemic surge. Unfortunately, although this registry includes a large network of certified stroke hospitals, the possibility that some missing patients with stroke were evaluated outside of these selected centers cannot be excluded. In addition, this theory is supported by data emerging from several countries suggesting a significant increase in mortality during the pandemic period that is unlikely to be explained by COVID-19 cases alone. cache = ./cache/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307128-wwjeu8ie author = Walz, Lucas title = Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4394 sentences = 289 flesch = 46 summary = title: Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and by their ability to promote viral clearance in past coronaviruses, respectively. METHODS: MEDLINE and MedRxiv were searched until July 30(th), 2020, including studies that compared treatment outcomes of humans treated with JAK-inhibitor or Type I interferon against controls. Meta-analysis of 3 sets of studies with 990, 454, and 1480 patients receiving Type I interferon therapy revealed that there were no significant associations between receiving Type I interferon therapy, compared to standard of care, and ICU admittance, requiring mechanical ventilation, or developing a severe or critical case of COVID-19, respectively (p>0.05; Figure 3B ; Figure 3C ; Figure 3D ).[28-36] The analyses included 97, 167, and 537 control patients, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307100-w33e2078 author = Douedi, Steven title = Successful Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in COVID-19 Pregnant Women: An Institutional Approach date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1405 sentences = 94 flesch = 53 summary = Case series Patients: Female, 26-year-old • Female, 27-year-old • Female, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 Symptoms: Fever • hypoxia • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • mechanical ventilation Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Infectious Diseases • Medicine, General and Internal • Obstetrics and Gynecology OBJECTIVE: Management of emergency care BACKGROUND: Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been defined as a pandemic infecting millions of individuals with a significantly high mortality and morbidity rate. The purpose of this case series is to present 3 patients in their trimester who underwent emergent cesarean sections and were successfully managed in the intensive care unit. All 3 patients were successfully extubated, and all 3 infants tested negative for COVID-19, suggesting no vertical transmission; although, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. These cases describe successful cesarean deliveries of babies in pregnant patients suffering from severe COVID-19 infection and requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306999-bedygxjs author = Kurihara, Hayato title = Authors' response: Surgery in the coronavirus disease 2019 phase 2 Italian scenario: Lessons learned in northern Italy spoke hospitals date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1265 sentences = 76 flesch = 54 summary = • We continue, during this pandemic event, to face different surgical scenarios, emergent, urgent, and elective (particularly cancer related), and we continue to use laparoscopy (in coronavirus disease patients too) when the laparoscopic technique is recommended and widely recognized. Despite HIVand HBV being blood-borne viruses, laparoscopic surgery is being performed in HIV and HBV patients for many years, and no clear demonstration is available of viral transmission through the pneumoperitoneum or surgical smoke. For these reasons, we do not believe that results from the available literature can be extrapolated to the COVID-19 pandemic as to justify the current too restrictive guidelines on laparoscopic surgery against the evident and well-known and evidence-based advantages of laparoscopy with respect to the open approach in many fields of surgery. 1 At the end of their letter, the authors point out that "resources and expertise are widely available" during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and a restrictive use of laparoscopy would have been acceptable only in a war scenario. cache = ./cache/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307089-344rhiw0 author = Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima title = Covid-19 in Brazil date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1946 sentences = 84 flesch = 50 summary = Italy showed a lower testing capacity than China and other countries such as Germany during the first weeks of COVID-19 pandemic, but the capacity to perform real-time PCR has improved, giving better epidemiologic data of less severe cases and asymptomatic individuals carrying the coronavirus in the population. (i) Brazil has many risk groups as described by World Health Organization (WHO) like those older than 60 years and with prognostic comorbidity, which may occur when diseases predispose the patient to (ii) Brazil is a continental country with a population that is different in each region based on social behavior, genetics (each region has a different level of ancestral contribution of African, Caucasians and Indigenous genomes) and economic backgrounds raising the need for different medical and social managements in each area. cache = ./cache/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306819-otabtxin author = Asensio-Samper, JM title = Recomendaciones Prácticas Para El Manejo Del Paciente Con Dolor Crónico Durante La Pandemia De COVID-19 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5168 sentences = 491 flesch = 52 summary = Dentro de estas recomendaciones que incluyen las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los pacientes con sospecha o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 pueden encontrase en situación de espera para consulta medica o técnicas invasivas para manejo de dolor crónico refractario a otras terapias. Dentro de estas recomendaciones que incluyen las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los pacientes con sospecha o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 pueden encontrase en situación de espera para consulta medica o técnicas invasivas para manejo de dolor crónico refractario a otras terapias. En las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los casos en los que se establece la necesidad de manejo preferente de pacientes en situación de crisis sanitaria, incluyendo pandemia COVID-19, son aquellos casos no subsidiarios de atención mediante telemedicina, es decir, aquellos casos refractarios a tratamiento médico convencional que requieran evaluación clínica especializada y alta probabilidad de realización de procedimiento invasivo para control del dolor, el cual podrá ser realizado en formato de "acto único". cache = ./cache/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307070-tqxvu3pu author = Iqbal, Phool title = Should We Rely on Screening Tests for Further Management Alone in Polymerase Chain Reaction Negative COVID-19 Patients? A Case Series date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2758 sentences = 150 flesch = 49 summary = However, improvement was observed in the clinical condition of the patients who were managed as per COVID-19 protocol based upon the clinical signs and symptoms after correlating with diagnostic chest imaging studies. The infectious disease team advised testing with COVID-19 serology (immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies through lateral flow assay), the results of which were positive, indicating recent infection. The infectious disease team was consulted and based upon his clinical presentation and previous investigations, the patient was maintained on the local management protocol for COVID-19 infection. Moreover, biomarkers such as CRP, ferritin, lymphocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase, and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, along with radiological findings in CXR or features such as unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, ground-glass opacities, or consolidations in a chest CT scan, can suggest COVID-19 infection even in such patients where RT-PCR alone is negative [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author = Christensen, Sarah R. title = Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4271 sentences = 223 flesch = 45 summary = This study examines individual attitudes, behaviors, anxieties, mental health impacts, and knowledge early in the pandemic response, as well as those outcomes by sociodemographic characteristics and political ideology. Four items asked respondents to indicate agreement on a 7-point scale that "events related to COVID-19 had interrupted" their social life, home life, work or vocational life, and/or hurt their mental health. Chi-square, t, and F tests were used to examine the influence of demographic characteristics, political ideology, and mental health on attitudes, knowledge, anxieties, behavior change, and impact variables. Initial covariate selection included all variables that were significant (p <0.05) in bivariate tests, including: political ideology, bias score for consumed news media, attitudes toward global warming and vaccination, sex, race, poverty level, and education. In the adjusted logistic regression model ( Table 2 ) liberals had 5.7 (95%CI: 3.3-9.7) and moderates had 2.5 (95%CI 1.5-4.3) times the odds of responding that the government had not done enough in response to COVID-19 compared to conservatives. cache = ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307258-66lwpblq author = Li, Weixia title = Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus date = 2020-03-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3111 sentences = 178 flesch = 42 summary = title: Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The authors' approach uses a protocol in the perioperative care areas that segregates patients into 3 simple and distinct groups based on the risk of transmission (Fig 1) . Class I patients are those who have been shown to be negative for novel coronavirus pneumonia after screening with RT-PCR, symptoms, laboratory examinations, and imaging. The intent was to eliminate all possible cross-infection to healthcare workers and patients in the perioperative care areas and operating room. novel coronavirus pneumonia, minimizing exposure to airway aerosols, droplets, and fluids especially during coughing can reduce contamination. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306997-84pjfawk author = Melazzini, Federica title = Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3665 sentences = 184 flesch = 44 summary = A number of pathogenic mechanisms have been hypothesized for VTE in COVID-19 patients, including active inflammation, immobilization and intensive care treatments, but the limited evidence available in the literature does not allow to estimate the relative contribution of each of the abovementioned factors [8] . Starting from these premises, we here aimed to define VTE rates and types, not considering peripheral and central catheter-related thrombosis, among a cohort of COVID-19 patients during their hospital stay at the San Matteo Hospital Foundation (Pavia, Northern Italy). We extracted data from medical records of all 259 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to the Departments of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Intensive Care, and Respiratory Disease of the San Matteo Hospital Foundation (Pavia, Northern Italy), between March 19th and April 6th, 2020. We reviewed records of all 259 COVID-19 patients for demographic information, co-morbidities, risk factors for VTE according to the Padua prediction score [16] , laboratory tests and anticoagulation treatment at the time of hospital admission. cache = ./cache/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307284-w693a2rm author = Flament, H. title = Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity: evidence for an IL-18 dependent mechanism date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5365 sentences = 428 flesch = 60 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185082 doi: medRxiv preprint Introduction: 65 The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent 83 and chronic viral infections, MAIT cell blood frequency is reduced while expression of HLA-DR, 84 PD-1, CD38 and CD69 is upregulated 18-20, [22] [23] [24] . 98 We first began our study of immune cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection by analyzing the frequency 99 and phenotype of lymphocytes in blood samples from COVID-19 patients as well as (age-100 matched BMI-matched) non-infected donors (Fig. 1a) . Blood MAIT cells also displayed a significant increase of the NK cell-associated 129 activation CD56 + marker compared to controls, that was highest in ICU patients (Fig. 2a) . 179 Taken together, these data suggest that inflammatory processes in SARS-CoV-2-infected 180 patients involve concomitant activation of MAIT cells with other innate-immune cells 181 associated with loss of these populations' frequencies in blood. cache = ./cache/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307160-1vz0gw1w author = Morais-Almeida, Mário title = COVID-19, asthma, and biologic therapies: What we need to know date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3561 sentences = 160 flesch = 41 summary = Ongoing prospective cohort studies (SARP, NHLBI and others) provide a unique opportunity to examine the effects of COVID-19 on severe asthma and potential interactions with therapy, including inhaled and oral corticosteroids, as well as targeted treatment with biologics. It was believed that low eosinophil counts in peripheral blood would be related to the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself, and not necessarily an indicator that treatments which reduce eosinophil counts in patients with asthma would be associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. As in the placebo controlled trials with omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab and dupilumab in asthmatic patients, no risk of increased infection susceptibility or immunosuppressive effect was reported to date and, in the case of omalizumab, there is a possible anti-infectious effect; hence we do not need to discontinue these treatments during the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307018-l2i499z3 author = Antonio Reyes-Bueno, José title = Análisis de letalidad en pacientes con demencia neurodegenerativa por COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3064 sentences = 263 flesch = 53 summary = DISCUSIÓN: La letalidad entre los pacientes con demencia degenerativa primaria por COVID-19 es significativamente mayor en comparación con otros pacientes con edades medias y comorbilidades similares, según nuestro estudio. La población anciana es la más amenazada por el COVID-19, con mayores tasas de mortalidad y letalidad, especialmente aquellos pacientes que viven en centros geriátricos y asilos, como se refleja en los múltiples medios de comunicación y en las comunicaciones del gobierno. En este grupo de edad, sabemos que la proporción de demencias degenerativas primarias es mucho mayor, hasta un 9,4% en los mayores de 70 años [8] , aunque la presencia de DDP per se no aumenta el riesgo de padecer COVID-19 pero sí aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones y letalidad. La letalidad entre los pacientes con demencia degenerativa primaria por COVID-19 es significativamente mayor en comparación con otros pacientes con edades medias y comorbilidades similares, según nuestro estudio. cache = ./cache/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307127-1kkpx108 author = Gill, D. title = ACE inhibition and cardiometabolic risk factors, lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression, and plasma ACE2 levels: a Mendelian randomization study date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5238 sentences = 281 flesch = 43 summary = Objectives: To use human genetic variants that proxy angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug effects and cardiovascular risk factors to provide insight into how these exposures affect lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression and circulating ACE2 levels. Variants that proxy ACE inhibitor drug effects and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lifetime smoking index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) were selected from publicly available genome-wide association study data (sample sizes ranging from 188,577 to 898,130 participants). Variants that proxy ACE inhibitor drug effects and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lifetime smoking index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) were selected from publicly available genome-wide association study data (sample sizes ranging from 188,577 to 898,130 participants). cache = ./cache/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307246-y6di9aum author = Chia, Pow-Li title = Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1489 sentences = 80 flesch = 43 summary = We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients, and how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing (EP) service in a large acute care general hospital in Singapore and the steps taken to mitigate the negative impact. Physical segregation based on time and work areas is instituted for the remaining technicians who are rostered to perform not just CIED checks but also echocardiography scans and support cardiac ambulatory services. All these measures help to minimize exposure of cardiac technicians and device manufacturer representatives to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307187-5blsjicu author = Missel, Malene title = A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5818 sentences = 286 flesch = 48 summary = title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: The participating healthcare professionals' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. Therefore, this study aim to shed light on HCPs' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection through individual interviews. The comprehensive understanding illuminated the meaning of the participants' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result as a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. cache = ./cache/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307148-k1uo3fxm author = Bradshaw, Patrick C. title = COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20788 sentences = 1093 flesch = 40 summary = R-BHB activates anti-inflammatory GPR109A signaling and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and histone deacetylases, while a ketogenic diet has been shown to protect mice from influenza virus infection through a protective γδ T cell response and by increasing electron transport chain gene expression to restore energy metabolism. Others have also suggested that increasing systemic ketone levels may aid host defenses against respiratory viral infection, in part, by decreasing inflammation [1, 2] , including a recent comprehensive review [3] , while a clinical trial of the effects of a ketogenic diet on intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients has recently been registered (NCT04358835). Coronaviruses have been shown to increase the oxidation of phospholipids, which stimulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling on macrophages, leading to cytokine production and acute lung injury [163] , so HDAC inhibition with R-BHB appears to be a viable treatment to decrease cytokine levels and inflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307273-pplky6g4 author = Schrooyen, Loïc title = Homeless people hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brussels date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1006 sentences = 63 flesch = 45 summary = To the editor, Compared to the general population, homeless people have higher mortality, both related to communicable and non-communicable diseases, partly explained by higher exposure to risk factors including alcoholism, illicit drug abuse and smoking(1,2). Between 3 rd March and 26 th May 2020, 14 homeless people were identified among 238 patients hospitalized for a COVID-19 pneumonia resulting in a homelessness prevalence of 5.88%. Incidences of COVID-19 among homeless and non-homeless patients were calculated using homeless census report and our hospital catchment population. For the reporting period, incidences were 650 and 194/100.000 hospitalized homeless and non-homeless patients for COVID-19, respectively. We found a high but similar proportion of comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) in both populations hospitalized with COVID-19. The high prevalence of comorbidities and the increased exposure to risk factors in the homeless population could increase their risk of more severe disease and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307291-2jhrd9ex author = Zhang, S. X. title = Beyond predicting the number of infections: predicting who is likely to be COVID negative or positive date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3159 sentences = 216 flesch = 62 summary = This study provides the first attempt to identify people at greater risk of COVID-19 infection, enabling more targeted infectious disease prevention and control, which are especially important in the ongoing shortage of COVID-19 testing. Given the testing shortage in many countries, we identify a novel approach to predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection by a set of personal and work situation characteristics, in order to help to identify individuals with more or less risk of contracting the virus. Participants also reported whether they had chronic health issues (no; unsure; yes), exercise hours per day in the past week, working situation (worked from home; worked in workplace; stopped work due to COVID-19; unemployed), and Patient Health . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20086348 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 2 shows the ordered logistic regressions analysis predicting the likelihood of being COVID-19 negative from the alternatives (i.e. being unsure or positive). cache = ./cache/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307340-00m2g55u author = Gerasimov, A. title = Reaching collective immunity for COVID-19: an estimate with a heterogeneous model based on the data for Italy date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2252 sentences = 126 flesch = 46 summary = Because of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. Because of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. Here we developed a mathematical model for assessing the minimum incidence of COVID-19 needed to reach collective immunity, which would assure that the epidemic cannot restart the cessation of quarantine measures. While this search yielded several useful references regarding COVID-19 modeling, the basic reproduction number of this disease, and age-related heterogeneity, we did not find an approach similar to ours to modeling COVID-19 dynamics and estimating the total incidence and population immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307329-gfwllo1r author = Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan title = Fetal Interventions in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic: Statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 687 sentences = 56 flesch = 53 summary = Key words: fetal therapy, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, prenatal diagnosis, fetal intervention 44 to balance the risks and benefits of care provision, as we adapt our established practice in the 46 setting of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) pandemic 1, 2 . In an effort to balance these risks and to continue providing evidence-based fetal interventions 52 that reduce fetal morbidity and mortality, the North American Fetal Therapy Network 53 (NAFTNet, https://www.naftnet.org) suggests the following approach to fetal interventions in the 54 setting of COVID-19.* Prenatal care should be adjusted by optimizing appointment intervals, 55 patient self-assessment, such as home blood pressure monitoring, and the use of virtual 56 immediate intervention, and if the mother is stable, the procedure should be performed 120 using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). cache = ./cache/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307227-x6xketcn author = Martin, William R. title = Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3999 sentences = 219 flesch = 52 summary = Here, we combine homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding affinity calculations to determine potential targets for toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator which we have previously identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. These results suggest potential structural mechanisms for toremifene by blocking the spike protein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2, offering a drug candidate for COVID-19. 2, 3 In our initial network-based drug repurposing study, 4 we identified toremifene, another selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), as a strong candidate for the potential treatment of COVID-19. A drug repurposing study for SARS-CoV-1 5 indicated a low 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) for toremifene, and noted that estrogen signaling may not be involved in the inhibitory pathway, similar to that of inhibition of Ebola. Future work will be needed to confirm these results; optimally, the determination of a cocrystal structure with Journal of Proteome Research pubs.acs.org/jpr Article NSP14 and/or the spike glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 with toremifene would be solved. cache = ./cache/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307313-sox12zfo author = Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E. title = The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 766 sentences = 42 flesch = 46 summary = Healthcare professionals are at the front-line of this crisis and are those who are actively engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19 while managing critical issues daily (e.g., lack of hospital facilities, personal protection measures, exhausting working hours, fear of contagion and spreading the virus).Most of the reports and studies have examined the obvious negative outcomes on health professionals, such as increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression (Lai et al., 2020) . That said, at this point, we would like to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic should signify a shift toward the study of how patient care can be a positive experience for the professionals and their well-being by focusing on the psychological assets and resources that empower people to cope. Evidence-based interventions aiming at safeguarding health professionals from the negative effects of the pandemic, while concurrently -and mainly-strengthening their personal assets and resources, are of paramount importance both for the safety of all the parties being involved (i.e., professionals and patients), and the quality of patient care itself. cache = ./cache/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307229-wjx90xki author = da Silveira, Matheus Pelinski title = Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8418 sentences = 362 flesch = 34 summary = Additionally, elevations of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IP10 and MCP1 in infections by the novel coronavirus were associated with the Th1 response; however, an increase in interleukins of the T helper type 2 (Th2) profile, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL10, which suppress the inflammation, was also associated with a greater severity of COVID-19, which may demonstrate an imbalance in immune regulation and an attempt to minimize tissue inflammatory damage [35, 40] . In addition, obesity is an important factor for the development of T2DM-especially when associated with low levels of physical activity and poor physical conditioning-and as mentioned, both diseases are related to higher expression of ACE2, increasing the risk of advanced infection by SARS-CoV-2 [43] . Similarly, regular exercise practices at moderate levels favor the function of the human body's immune surveillance against pathogens, as they stimulate an exchange of white blood cells between the circulatory system and tissues, a fact that reduces morbidity and mortality from acute respiratory disease and infections viral. cache = ./cache/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307309-s0t4kp2x author = Liang, Ying title = Symptoms, Management and Healthcare Utilization of COPD Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Beijing date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3012 sentences = 174 flesch = 47 summary = Clinical data, including respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment, management and healthcare access before and during the COVID-19 epidemic from January 25 to April 25, 2020, were collected. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study of symptoms, management and healthcare utilization of COPD patients during the COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing, aiming to provide data for implementing relevant treatment strategy of COPD during the pandemic. Patients were selected randomly from the COPD database in our hospital by the following inclusion criteria: 1) 40 years of age or older; (2) a history of at least 3 months of diagnosed COPD according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Report. Sociodemographic information and clinical data, including respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment, management and healthcare access before and during the COVID-19 epidemic from January 25 to April 25, 2020, were collected. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2020:15 visits (getting prescription for COPD, review and assessment of disease, or worsening of respiratory symptoms), and online consultation. cache = ./cache/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307293-zp4oddrt author = McCoy, Liam G title = CAN-NPI: A Curated Open Dataset of Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Response to the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3582 sentences = 168 flesch = 43 summary = This novel dataset enables robust, inter-jurisdictional comparisons of pandemic response, can serve as a model for other jurisdictions and can be linked with other information about case counts, transmission dynamics, health care utilization, mobility data and economic indicators to derive important insights regarding NPI impact. We present the first comprehensive, open dataset containing detailed information about all publicly available NPIs that have been implemented by governments and major private organizations in Canada in response to COVID-19. In this dataset, we define a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) as any publicly-announced program, statement, enforceable order, initiative, or operational change originating from any public or private organization in response to COVID-19-whether to curtail its transmission or mitigate its social and economic ramifications. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4 : Variation in time-to-intervention by Canadian province / territory for two major NPIs-declaration of state of emergency and school closure-shown relative to two descriptors of the local COVID-19 outbreak, dates of first case and first death in each region. cache = ./cache/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307378-cx1jz7wf author = Dadar, Maryam title = The association between the incidence of COVID-19 and the distance from the virus epicenter in Iran date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2337 sentences = 112 flesch = 49 summary = Since the first official report of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the city of Qom in mid-February, Iran has become the country most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the distance from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) or demographic factors such as population density and the ratio of the elderly population are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in different Iranian provinces. Through regression analysis, this study aimed to evaluate whether the distance of different Iranian provinces from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) was associated with the incidence of COVID-19 at the early stages of the epidemic in Iran. COVID-19 has spread to all 31 Iranian provinces, and the city of Tehran, the densely populated capital with over 13 million people located 150 km northeast of Qom, leads the country in COVID-19 cases ( Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307342-3gkiukh4 author = Clark, Eva title = Why contact tracing efforts have failed to curb COVID-19 transmission in much of the U.S date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3272 sentences = 192 flesch = 55 summary = By late April 2020, public discourse in the U.S. had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (e.g., contact tracing) to combat COVID-19 transmission while allowing for the safe "re-opening" of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. This viewpoint offers a discussion of why testing-tracing efforts failed to sufficiently mitigate COVID-19 across much of the nation, with the hope that such deliberation will help the U.S. public health community better plan for the future. Partly for this reason, our nation rushed to espouse the idea of targeted, case-based COVID-19 management [3] [4] [5] [6] , focusing on expanded testing and contact tracing, while disregarding several major obstacles that set us apart from countries that succeeded in mounting a timely, targeted response. cache = ./cache/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307285-bxy0zsc7 author = Dar Odeh, Najla title = COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4708 sentences = 227 flesch = 44 summary = Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. In vitro studies have shown that azithromycin is active against Zika and Ebola viruses, [18] [19] [20] and is able to prevent severe respiratory tract infections when administrated to patients suffering viral infection [12] However, the efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients has not been confirmed yet [21, 22] , and more studies are needed to further investigate its clinical effects. Following the recommended cross-infection control procedures, spreading awareness based on evidence and not misconceptions, identifying emergency cases indicated for dental treatment, and practicing effective tele-dentistry when needed can all be helpful for dental patients and community as a whole. cache = ./cache/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307416-v2296g5p author = Joob, Beuy title = Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 443 sentences = 34 flesch = 56 summary = To the Editor: We read the publication on "Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer" with great interest. 2 Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 is possible 3 and the pathologic findings in the lungs mentioned by Tian et al. 1 To the Editor: Thank you for forwarding the letter by Joob and Wiwanitkit 1 regarding our recent paper "Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer." 2 We thank Dr. Joob and Dr. Wiwanitkit for their interest in our work and appreciate their comments. Although the patients did not exhibit symptoms at the time of the operation, subsequent pathologic examination revealed changes as reported in the paper; 2 thus, this represents the early changes seen in COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer cache = ./cache/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307477-yddx2585 author = Kolani, Sylvie title = Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1538 sentences = 98 flesch = 42 summary = We present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) in COVID-19 pneumonia and discuss the possible mechanism explaining this association. Dionísio et al, found that precipitating factors for a spontaneous pneumomediastinum present in 86.7% of cases, including coughing bouts, excessive tobacco use, inhalation of other drugs and varnishes, strenuous physical activity and emesis. Therefore, the damage of alveolar membrane in coronavirus infections can be one of the mechanism leading to alveolar rupture thus the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. At our knowledge, two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients have been reported. His chest CT revealed parenchymal abnormalities compatible with the evolution of the COVID-19 pneumonia but also a pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Our patient has no precipitating or predisposing factors of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and presented no symptoms. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is not a common presentation in the COVID-19 infection and can potentially be an aggravating factor in the management of the COVID-19 pneumonia. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema Complicating H1N1 Virus Infection cache = ./cache/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307426-fkzk8ubd author = Su, Zheng title = The Critical Role of Futility Analysis in the Pursuit of Effective Treatments for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 803 sentences = 37 flesch = 39 summary = The potential to stop a trial or some of the treatment arms early for futility is critical in the pursuit of effective treatments for COVID-19. A registry analysis of hydroxychloroquine published on May 22, 2020 [6] , which was later retracted, prompted the independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) of the RECOVERY trial to conduct an urgent review of the data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. On June 4, 2020, the DMC conducted a further review of the data, which led to the conclusion of no beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and the decision to stop enrolling patients to the hydroxychloroquine arm of the trial. The tradeoff between the cost of futility interim monitoring, which is a slight loss of study power, and allocating limited resources to more promising experimental treatments should be carefully considered by the study sponsor, the IRB and the DMC in the pursuit of safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307334-6rn69sne author = Sullivan, Ryan J title = COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1751 sentences = 117 flesch = 41 summary = One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community. 2 4 5 Less clear are the effects of newer antineoplastic therapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), on COVID-19 severity. Dry cough and dyspnea without fever could point toward ICI-pneumonitis, respiratory viral infection (including COVID-19), or other non-infectious etiologies common in patients with cancer. Finally, should asymptomatic patients initiating ICI be screened for active COVID-19 infection prior to starting therapy? cache = ./cache/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307421-8ev8k9ok author = Li, Chenxi title = A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1746 sentences = 99 flesch = 53 summary = The population is generally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but according to reports, children under 10 years of age only account for 0.35% of cases in China. This report describes the case of a 3-month-old child, who is the youngest patient treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Chengdu so far. We describe the clinical features, laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) images, and treatment in order to provide information for clinicians who manage children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A CT image taken in a local hospital showed "nodules and patchy opacification in the middle lobe of the right lung, the lingual segment of the upper lobe of the left lung, and the lower lobes of both lungs, predominantly in subpleural area, possibly viral pneumonia." Because the patient's mother had confirmed COVID-19, the center for disease control (CDC) arranged SARS-CoV-2 testing using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays immediately. cache = ./cache/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307497-wtfvoifb author = Abu-Raya, Bahaa title = Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 511 sentences = 30 flesch = 38 summary = In addition, refractory COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive oxygen, mechanical ventilation, expectorant, adjunctive treatment including corticosteroids, antiviral drugs and immune enhancers when compared to general COVID-19 patients. The authors have further attempted to explore predictive factors for refractory COVID-19 using a multivariate analysis showing that male sex, anorexia on admission and being afebrile are independent risk factors for the development of a refractory disease. Furthermore, out of this analysis the authors have found that patients with refractory COVID-19 were more likely to receive oxygen, expectorant, corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir and immune enhancer. In their paper, the authors compared categorical and continuous variables between the two groups of patients and these variables that differed significantly between the two groups were included in the multivariate regression analysis. In their paper, the authors included the treatment introduced at the time of patient admission and/or hospitalization in the multivariate analysis aiming to identify independent risk factors for refractory COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307406-59yh48tt author = de Loyola, Mariana Braccialli title = Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin: A possible host protective factor against Covid‐19 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5739 sentences = 408 flesch = 47 summary = 2, 3 A1AT is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and two of the most important proteases in the pathophysiology of Covid-19: the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and the disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), as was well as an inhibitor of inflammatory molecules, such as IL-8, TNF-α, and neutrophil elastase. [4] [5] [6] Moreover, recent data indicate that lower IL-6:A1AT levels are related to worse prognosis in This review addresses the interplay between A1AT, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, and inflammatory molecules during SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim of identifying new avenues for effective treatments against Covid-19. In order to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of A1AT in Covid-19, is important to address the following concerns: The evidence presented in this review highlights the relevance of the A1AT as a host protective factor, which can inhibit the TMPRSS2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection, modulate the deleterious effect of ADAM17 activation and the activity of inflammatory molecules, such as IL-8, TNF-α, and neutrophil elastase. cache = ./cache/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307502-vuju89lc author = Leipe, J. title = SARS-CoV-2 & Rheuma: Konsequenzen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie für Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Ein Vergleich der Handlungsempfehlungen rheumatologischer Fachgesellschaften und Risikobewertung verschiedener antirheumatischer Therapien date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1854 sentences = 220 flesch = 45 summary = V. (DGRh) bereits zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie im März 2020 erste Handlungsempfehlungen zum Management von Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen (ERE) unter dem Aspekt der SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-Bedrohung herausgegeben hat [13] , wurden diese im Juli 2020 durch ein Update aktualisiert und erweitert (im Folgenden DGRh-Update) [14] . Bezüglich der Risikoeinschätzung für schwere COVID-19-Verläufe wurde in den Empfehlungen der DGRh, EULAR und ACR postuliert, dass Patienten mit ERE kein grundsätzlich erhöhtes Risiko einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 oder eines schweren Verlaufes für COVID-19 aufweisen. a. basierend auf teilweise kurz davor publizierten Daten, davon aus, dass auch die medikamentöse antirheumatische Therapie kein Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf von COVID-19 bei Patienten mit ERE darstellt, mit Ausnahme von Glukokortikoiden in einer Dosierung von 10 mg Prednisolonäquivalent/Tag und mehr [4] . Im DGRh-Update wurde, basierend auf aktuell publizierten Daten zu SARS-CoV-2 und Erkenntnissen aus früheren Studien zum allgemeinen Infektionsrisiko, von einem erhöhten Risiko für einen schweren COVID-19-Verlauf bei unzureichend eingestellten ERE ausgegangen [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307322-h7vqmlq9 author = Gongalsky, Maxim B title = Early detection of superspreaders by mass group pool testing can mitigate COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3614 sentences = 262 flesch = 58 summary = Background Most of epidemiological models applied for COVID-19 do not consider heterogeneity in infectiousness and impact of superspreaders, despite the broad viral loading distributions amongst COVID-19 positive people (1-1 000 000 per mL). Methods I used stochastic social-epidemiological SEIAR model, where S-suspected, E-exposed, I-infectious, A-admitted (confirmed COVID-19 positive, who are admitted to hospital or completely isolated), R-recovered. Thus, the aim of the present article is to describe possible group pool testing strategy, which can detect superspreaders on early stages within reasonable amount of RT-PCR tests, and demonstrate the efficiency of the strategy by means of SEIR derivative model Monte Carlo simulations applied for London, Moscow and New York City as examples. Simulated COVID-19 pandemic curves for London, Moscow and New York City without mass testing (blue), and with mass testing with different superspreaders threshold, St, 100 (green), 300 (yellow) and 1000 (orange). cache = ./cache/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307496-1k3d3o2q author = Meraj, Gowhar title = Coronavirus pandemic versus temperature in the context of Indian subcontinent: a preliminary statistical analysis date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3692 sentences = 173 flesch = 48 summary = We observed that except Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kashmir showed a significantly positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the temperature during the period of study. The rate of change of the temperature for Maharashtra is minimum and almost flat (R 2 = 0.05), while as for the Rajasthan and Kashmir region, temperature shows a significant increasing trend, and the average rate of change of the temperature is 0.19 °C and 0.16 °C per day, respectively, during the period of study (Table 1 ). Figure 2 shows the graph representing the daily increase of the new COVID-19 cases and temperature for the three regions during the period of study. We observed that the increasing temperature within the given range observed during the period for Rajasthan and Kashmir sites might provide a beneficial environment for the coronavirus to grow and spread as evident by the increasing trend of the reported COVID-19 cases with the increasing temperature (Fig. 4a, 5a) . cache = ./cache/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307287-zpq6byml author = Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine title = Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4455 sentences = 235 flesch = 39 summary = A letter by Russel et al suggests that there is tantalizing in vitro evidence for cyclosporine as an anti-coronavirus agent as well as a potential disease-modifying role through inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-mediated IL-2 induction and authors advocate that a trial of cyclosporine should be considered in the event of a future SARS epidemic 22 . The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association has published recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney disease during this current pandemic, and authors point out that patients with mild COVID-19 might continue low dose of cyclosporine due to the in vitro evidence of inhibition of coronavirus replication 84 . We are still awaiting robust data from COVID-19 patients actively treated with calcineurin inhibitors due to transplantation or autoimmune diseases but so far there is no evidence that use of cyclosporine possess an additional risk for severe COVID-19 in addition to the co-morbidities such as diabetes, smoking, hypertension and obesity that often co-exist in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307516-5r5h1z1o author = Kahyaoglu Sut, Hatice title = Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey: A web‐based cross‐sectional study date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2223 sentences = 135 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the level and prevalence of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores were significantly higher in pregnant women who had no information about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy (Q5) and who were not informed by healthcare workers about the effects (Q6) ( Table 5 ). The risk of anxiety and depression in pregnant women with low education levels was found to be higher in the present study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study cache = ./cache/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307481-h7xvehvk author = Abbas, Ahmed M. title = A focused review on the genital and sexual affection of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 82 flesch = 57 summary = The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could harm the reproductive and sexual health of both males and females. Currently, there is no enough data on the effect of COVID-19 on genitalia and sexual behavior. It is a systemic disease; thus, in turn, the affection of the female or male genitalia is not so far either directly or indirectly by attacking the spinal cord [12] . If a COVID-19 patient is admitted to the ICU and doctors decided to use the thiazide-type diuretics, the aldosterone receptor blockers, the β-adrenergic receptor blockers, or ACE inhibitors to control blood pressure, it can cause erectile dysfunction. Studies showed that testosterone level increases on the 7th day of abstinence, but this not affected significantly by intercourse in males [18] . Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? cache = ./cache/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307610-tqvt5hzr author = Arora, Amarpreet Singh title = Current perspective of COVID-19 spread across South Korea: exploratory data analysis and containment of the pandemic date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3768 sentences = 170 flesch = 55 summary = The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is regarded as a highly contagious disease that has challenged the healthcare systems worldwide with confirmed cases approaching 12 million and more than 50,000 deaths. Considering the worldwide cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it remains a pandemic and the vaccines and therapeutic agents have yet to be developed to stop the spread of this outbreak. Figure 1 shows the trend of confirmed, recovered, active and deceased cases of COVID-19 in South Korea till July 8, 2020 (GMT 05:00). South Korea's success with widespread testing and its approach to slowing the spread of COVID-19 offers a way out for most countries that are stuck in lockdown and it also acts as a model response to faces the future outbreak of such diseases as well. cache = ./cache/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307540-dr5m9pfk author = Coelho, Flávio C. title = Assessing the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil: Mobility, morbidity and social vulnerability date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3517 sentences = 201 flesch = 52 summary = Probabilistic models were used to calculate the probability of COVID-19 spread from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the initial hotspots, using mobility data from the pre-epidemic period, while multivariate cluster analysis of socio-economic indices was done to identify areas with similar social vulnerability. To identify regions with high geographical and social vulnerability, we proposed a classification scheme based on three main criteria: population mobility, socio-demographic-economic characteristics, and the available health care infrastructure in terms of hospital capacity. To assess the probability of COVID-19 spreading within Brazil, in the absence of mobility restrictions, we first calculated the effective distance (E f (i,j)) between micro-regions using the air travel data. We computed the effective distance, E f (i,j), between each micro-region and the two COVID-19's hotspots, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Mostly urban micro-regions, with above-average life expectancy, with comparatively less social inequality, less population living in extreme poverty, better access to water supply and sewage disposal services, higher education. cache = ./cache/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307570-8f83k2ce author = Prodromos, Chadwick title = Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2765 sentences = 144 flesch = 53 summary = The first is that HCQ appears to be consistently effective for the 83 treatment of COVID-19 when used early in the course of disease in the outpatient setting, and is 84 generally more effective the earlier it is used. 88 TIMING OF HCQ USE: It was striking that 100% of the 11 studies which used HCQ early in the disease on 89 an outpatient basis showed positive results. Multiple papers reporting both improvement and no efficacy using 160 hydroxychloroquine that have been included in the study are either pre-prints or preliminary results of 161 larger trials. Hydroxychloroquine is associated with slower viral clearance in clinical COVID-19 patients with mild to 210 moderate disease: A retrospective study, medRxiv Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary 268 results from a multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial, medRxiv Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and 303 azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study cache = ./cache/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307512-70j4vn78 author = Worku, Elliott title = Provision of ECPR during COVID-19: evidence, equity, and ethical dilemmas date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3965 sentences = 191 flesch = 33 summary = The logistics of patient selection, expedient cannulation, healthcare worker safety, and post-resuscitation care must be weighed against the ethical considerations of providing an intervention of contentious benefit at a time when critical care resources are being overwhelmed by pandemic demand. The first is in-hospital cannulation, whereby patients suffering an IHCA or OHCA who fail to achieve ROSC with standard CCPR and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) may be cannulated for ECPR. b Expedient cannulation and establishment of extracorporeal perfusion is a requisite of an effective ECPR; for OHCA, this may occur: (i) on-scene cannulation by mobile ECMO practitioners and (ii) rapid retrieval to ECPR hospital recognising those patients who might benefit from ECPR, requirements for donning personal protective equipment (PPE), impaired ambulance response times, and lack of critical care resources, may preclude the use of ECPR even in those who would otherwise be eligible. cache = ./cache/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307574-vmik4neu author = Ottaviani, S. title = Lung ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19: comparison with CT date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2544 sentences = 151 flesch = 49 summary = Abstract Aim To determine whether findings from lung ultrasound and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlate when evaluating COVID-19 pulmonary involvement. The number of areas (0–12) with B-lines and/or consolidations was evaluated using ultrasound and compared to the percentage and classification (absent or limited, <10%; moderate, 10–25%; extensive, 25–50%; severe, 50–75%; critical, >75%) of lung involvement on chest HRCT. Results Data were analysed for 21 patients with COVID-19 (median [range] age 65 [37–90] years, 76% male) and excellent correlation was found between the ultrasound score for B-lines and the classification (p<0.01) and percentage of lung involvement on chest HRCT (r=0.935, p<0.001). Conclusion The present study suggests that among COVID-19 patients, lung ultrasound and HRCT findings agree in quantifying lung involvement and oxygen parameters. The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of lung ultrasound for COVID-19 diagnosis by investigating the correlation between ultrasound and chest HRCT findings. cache = ./cache/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307585-dbc0spzv author = Klain, Michele title = Management of differentiated thyroid cancer through nuclear medicine facilities during Covid-19 emergency: the telemedicine challenge date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3476 sentences = 148 flesch = 40 summary = Although among newly DTC diagnosed cases, there was a slightly higher proportion of patients requiring RAI therapy after surgical treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic compared with patients evaluated during the corresponding period of 2019, a statistical significance was not reached (85% vs. Results of follow-up visits obtained in outpatients by TMS during the Covid-19 pandemic and by in-ward access during the corresponding period of 2019 were analyzed according to three subgroups of patients: (1) those requiring a further RAI therapy or surgical treatment (8/450 vs. Our experience demonstrates that, despite the virus containment measures during the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of DTC patients' evaluations performed by TMS was only 15% less as compared with the in-ward examinations in the corresponding months of 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307546-g2oztc8j author = Brewer, Nikki title = Sonographer safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 836 sentences = 46 flesch = 46 summary = While overall echocardiography volume has decreased, driven by health system-wide mandates to control the pandemic, the need for timely performance of high-quality echocardiography, particularly for critically ill patients when indicated, remains great. PPE, including N95 masks and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) hoods, are strictly worn by sonographers performing transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. As recently announced by the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography in an open letter, we believe an adequate supply of PPE is critical to minimize the risk of transmission among both sonographers and patients [6] . In the midst of this change, a number of sonographers became exposed to COVID-19 through scanning patients whose infection status was unknown or negative at the time of the study but subsequently became positive. During this pandemic, taking steps to reduce the risk of infection among sonographers and patients is of utmost importance. cache = ./cache/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307623-8bd5m5tk author = Núñez Gil, Iván J. title = Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19 international registry (HOPE COVID-19), rationale and design date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1731 sentences = 102 flesch = 48 summary = With a current recruitment of more than 7000 cases, in 46 hospitals in 8 countries, since it is not possible to estimate the sample size based on literature reports, the investigators will try to get the maximum numbers of patients possible. The study primary objective is all cause mortality and aims to characterize the clinical profile of patients infected in order to develop a prognostic clinical score allowing, rapid logistic decision making. The main objective of the present study is to characterize the clinical profile of patients infected with COVID-19 in order to develop a simple prognostic clinical score allowing a rapid logistic decision making: discharge with follow-up, referral to provisional/field hospitals or admission to regular hospital centers. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307671-f9l2l8fi author = Said, Mohammed title = The Forgotten Element in the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Patient Consent! date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2199 sentences = 123 flesch = 39 summary = The aim was to assess their knowledge and expectations regarding bariatric surgery and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A total of 233 (87.6%) candidates believed that they were prone to a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 24.4% of them believed that bariatric surgery, during the pandemic, would improve their immunity. The present study aims to help in answering these questions through an assessment of patients' concepts regarding bariatric surgery resumption after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following four questions assessed the patient opinion regarding bariatric surgery and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Bariatric teams need to ensure that candidates for surgery share the required knowledge regarding the methods of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are willing to follow the protective measures. cache = ./cache/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307688-r1pgmn6i author = Goenka, Mahesh K. title = Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3064 sentences = 164 flesch = 45 summary = Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. ABSTR AC T Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. This survey was conducted to specifically study the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India and also to assess the attitude of the endoscopists towards this pandemic. cross-sectional survey conducted by us studied the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice and also knowledge regarding COVID-19 among endoscopists in India. The major reasons for performing fewer endoscopy procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in India were decreased patient volume in the hospital due to lock-down as reported by 60.9 % and 86.9 % of endoscopists themselves limiting the number of procedures due to the latest guidelines recommending avoidance of routine endoscopies. cache = ./cache/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307660-onz6vfre author = Titanji, Boghuma K title = Use of Baricitinib in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1084 sentences = 75 flesch = 51 summary = Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Virus Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to over 8 million confirmed infections worldwide with an estimated global mortality of 5.6% as of June 17 th 2020 1 . Patients had laboratory confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing of oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal or tracheal aspirate samples and were treated at the discretion of the medical team with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and baricitinib if they fulfilled at least one of the following criteria: 1) evidence of pneumonia on lung imaging and requiring supplemental oxygen on admission or development of a new oxygen requirement during the course of their hospitalization 2) moderate disease requiring hospitalization (e.g., severe diarrhea requiring volume resuscitation, encephalopathy, evidence of end-A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t organ damage); 3) elevated or rising inflammatory markers during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307646-4m80o5yw author = Wu, Jianfeng title = Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3203 sentences = 202 flesch = 45 summary = Multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) were used to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with risk of in-hospital mortality in severe and critical cases. Compared to non-corticosteroid group, systemic corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality in both severe cases (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89, p=0.023), and critical cases (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98, p=0.028). Two studies of patients with SARS and influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia showed that the use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with reduced mortality in critical patients (6, 8) . In the current study, we analysed the clinical data of 1514 severe and 249 critical COVID-19 cases from two medical centres in Wuhan city and investigated if the effects of systemic corticosteroids seen in Recovery trial were observed in the Wuhan dataset. cache = ./cache/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307622-r23eebet author = Kass, David A title = Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 636 sentences = 50 flesch = 60 summary = Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages C o r o n a v i r u s d i s e a s e 2 0 1 9 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in China in late December, 2019, and has since evolved into a global pandemic. However, as the pandemic hit the Johns Hopkins Hospital in late March, 2020, younger patients began to be admitted to our ICU, many of whom were also obese. With use of least squares univariate and multivariate linear regression, we examined the correlation between body-mass index (BMI) and age in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU at university hospitals at Johns Hopkins, University of Cincinnati, New York University, University of Washington, Florida Health, and University of Pennsylvania (appendix). Public messaging to younger adults, reducing the threshold for virus testing in obese individuals, and maintaining greater vigilance for this at-risk population should reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307702-n74wvika author = Durant, Thomas J S title = Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2811 sentences = 162 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: We performed a retrospective assessment of laboratory test order and specimen container utilization at a single, urban tertiary care medical center. We performed a retrospective assessment of laboratory test order and specimen container utilization at a single, urban tertiary care medical center. Total testing volumes were calculated during the first and last two-weeks of the observation period and used as reference points to examine the absolute and relative differences in test order volume between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 surge periods. Total testing volumes were calculated during the first and last two-weeks of the observation period and used as reference points to examine the absolute and relative differences in test order volume between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 surge periods. While volume increases were seen for laboratory tests related to COVID-19 diagnostics and management, including some with limited evidence to support their use, overall testing volumes decreased substantially. cache = ./cache/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307520-8zmwh9ch author = Smith, L.E. title = Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4066 sentences = 223 flesch = 56 summary = Among those who reported no symptoms in the household, we used UK government guidelines that were in force at the time of data collection 2 to define non-adherence (shopping for nonessentials, meeting friends or family and having visitors to your home). Non-adherence to self-isolation (reporting having left home in the last 24 h) was associated with: thinking that the lockdown had made your mental health worse; feeling a greater sense of community with your neighbourhood due to COVID-19 (see Table 3 ). Not going out shopping for non-essentials was associated with: having received help from someone outside your household in the last 7 days; reporting that you were self-isolating; increased perceived likelihood of catching and spreading COVID-19; increased worry about COVID-19; increased perceived effectiveness of government advice; increased perceived severity of COVID-19; increased perceived disapproval from friends or family if you do not follow government advice; increased perceived legal consequences of not following government advice; not knowing or being unsure about government measures; and decreased perceived social norms. cache = ./cache/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307710-dlpfbnb1 author = Neradi, Deepak title = Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1579 sentences = 83 flesch = 56 summary = Orthopaedic surgeries including both elective and emergency procedures (trauma patients) require operation theatres which are high-risk areas for transmission of COVID-19, risks health care workers contracting this illness and decreasing the resources available to the population of India during this pandemic. Ensure that the healthcare staff including the doctor, nurses and paramedical staff have no signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 infection or any contact with COVID patients in the past 14 days and it is better to screen the health care staff, if feasible. Patients presented to the emergency triage with an orthopaedic emergency such as joint dislocations, compartment syndrome, open fractures, mangled extremity, polytrauma with FESS should be managed according to a specific guideline during global health emergencies like a pandemic of COVID-19. These orthopaedic emergencies require effective outpatient, inpatient and surgical care besides avoiding transmission of infection to fellow patients and health care givers. cache = ./cache/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307572-44503zbt author = Afolabi, Babalola I. title = Multimodality imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial essay date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1904 sentences = 124 flesch = 45 summary = Imaging should be used to only answer definite clinical questions in symptomatic in-patients (e.g. suspected pulmonary embolism, distinguishing organising pneumonia from acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], excluding stroke or encephalopathy in those with neurological symptoms, etc.) [2] [3] [4] . Radiologists and other physicians need to be well acquainted with the radiological features of COVID-19 infection because the disease may be encountered in patients imaged for other indications. The common findings on chest radiography (consolidation, ground-glass opacities) are usually bilateral and peripheral, with lower zone predominance [5] . Consolidation occurs when pathological fluids, tissues, or cells replace alveolar air, causing opacification due to the increase of pulmonary parenchymal density obscuring the underlying vessels ( Figure 9 ) [7, 8] Consolidation often becomes the second most predominant finding about 14 days after the onset of the disease [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307745-8dq3vyw9 author = Rossi, Rosario title = PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 946 sentences = 66 flesch = 46 summary = title: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA • Elderly COVID-19 patients with chronic heart disease have a worse prognosis; • Cardio-active treatment has a protective role in COVID-19 pneumonia; • Anticoagulant chronic assumption in elderly with heart disease reduce mortality. Elderly patients affected by chronic heart disease showed a high mortality risk in the setting of COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia [3] . This study aimed to assess if pharmacological cardio-active treatment reduce mortality risk in the setting of COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. Following our assumption, we should not interrupt cardio-active drugs in elderly patients affected by cardiovascular disease and COVID-19. Further studies on a larger population of patients, possibly randomized, are needed to confirm the protective role of DOAC in reducing the mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiac diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307673-ekajojon author = Kaukinen, Catherine title = When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6130 sentences = 221 flesch = 43 summary = The short-and longterm health consequences of COVID-19, stay-at-home orders and social distancing measures, family isolation, and the economic impacts of the pandemic are likely to impact both women's experience of IPV and their ability to navigate ending these violent relationships, and potentially reverse the declining trend in IPV. Mazza, Maranoa, Laib, Janiria, and Sania (2020) have suggested that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and social distancing will likely lead to a woman's home becoming one of the most dangerous places for IPV victims due in large part to the requirement to quarantine day-after-day with their violent and abusive partner with limited access to those that might provide care and assistance. In looking at the way in which the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to shape the incidence, prevalence, and impact of IPV it is important to note that scholars have explored how past natural disasters and epidemics have shaped trends in rates of violence, impacted the health and well-being of IPV victims, but also exacerbated the factors associated with violent behaviors and victimization. cache = ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307741-j6ihxzm2 author = Wang, Cuiyan title = A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 177 flesch = 45 summary = The novelty of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the temporal psychological impact and adverse mental health status during the initial outbreak and peak of COVID-19 epidemic and identity risk and protective factors among the general population in China. To analyze the differences in psychological impact, levels of depression, anxiety and stress, the independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean score between the first and second survey. In both surveys, physical symptoms, very poor self-rating of health status, and history of chronic illness were significantly associated with higher IES-R scores, DASS stress, anxiety or depression subscale scores ( Table 2 ). The important unexpected finding of our study is the stable levels of stress, anxiety and depression despite sharp increases in the number of COVID-19 cases between the two surveys as well as statistically but not clinically significant reduction in the psychological impact on the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307653-nyr6mtj1 author = Palmeira, Patricia title = Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 163 flesch = 40 summary = As with SARS-CoV, COVID-19 is believed to be initiated by the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope-anchored spike protein to the outer surface of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) catalytic domain (13) , promoting endocytosis where viral and host membranes fuse and consequent entry of the virus into the host cell. (16) reported that ACE2 pulmonary expression is concentrated mainly in type II alveolar cells, which express many other genes that could favor viral replication, thus offering an explanation for the severe alveolar damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In agreement with the hypothesis that ACE2 expression levels have a significant role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which also occurs in COVID-19, an experimental mouse model of H5N1 virus-induced lung injury and death showed ACE2 downregulation following infection (25) . cache = ./cache/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307690-1qqyixun author = Preti, Emanuele title = Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5275 sentences = 258 flesch = 33 summary = Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we aim at tracing some clinical hypotheses on the negative psychological effects of pandemic situations in people with PDs. Furthermore, we aim at investigating the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, we adopted the following steps in the description of results: (1) we provided a description of the main features of PDs for each cluster; (2) we mentioned the main literature investigating the association between PDs of each cluster and other psychiatric disorders; (3) on the basis of the literature on pandemic (e.g., [4••] ) and quarantine (e.g., [1••] ) mental health impact, we hypothesized a plausible relation between PDs of each cluster and specific psychological/psychiatric outcomes, as well as problems in compliance with mitigation measures. cache = ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307804-s94mdu3h author = Mady, Ossama M. title = Increased incidence of otitis externa in covid-19 patients date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 546 sentences = 39 flesch = 51 summary = RESULTS: Increased incidence of otitis externa in COVID-19 patients (18% of study group) and symptoms starting mainly between the 5th to 8th day of COVID-19 infection. The current study showed the relation between otitis externa and COVID-19 infection and compared otitis externa with other symptoms of COVID-19 as anosmia. Methods 257 cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19, were examined otoscopic and endoscopic for otitis externa, onset of starting symptoms of otitis externa and its relation to days of infection with COVID-19 were documented and the prevalence of otitis externa with anosmia in the study group were estimated. Methods 257 cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19, were examined otoscopic and endoscopic for otitis externa, onset of starting symptoms of otitis externa and its relation to days of infection with COVID-19 were documented and the prevalence of otitis externa with anosmia in the study group were estimated. cache = ./cache/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307691-oufc6ywp author = Li, Runmin title = Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1687 sentences = 112 flesch = 51 summary = title: Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the Shufeng Jiedu capsule for COVID-19 were obtained from CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, regardless of publication date, or language. RESULTS: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shufeng Jiedu capsule in the treatment of COVID-19 and provide a more reasonable choice of medication in clinical practice. According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention, the 2 researchers (Xinyu Liu and Xin Ge) extracted the author, publication time, participant number, age, sex, intervention measures, course of disease/treatment, and outcome indicators, filled in the data extraction table, and compared them with each other. As an adjunct therapy of TCM, the Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 and been reported to be effective, but the lack of evidence-based medical evaluation limits its wide application. cache = ./cache/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307751-4r44ww59 author = Tran, Bach Xuan title = Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1966 sentences = 83 flesch = 43 summary = The detection of first COVID-19 infected industrial worker in Vietnam on 13 April 2020 prompted timely effort to examine the health problems, behaviors, and health services access of industrial workers to inform effective and appropriate COVID-19 control measures, minimizing the risk of industrial sites becoming the next disease cluster. Given the crowded nature of industrial factories with workers travelling to work on packed company bus from various locations in a region -the 262 patient lives in Ha Loi, Me Linh, Hanoi and likely infected by his relative, who is a confirmed case living in the same village (Vietnam Ministry of Health, 2020), with the detection of this case in Vietnam, industrial sites present a risk of becoming the next disease cluster. Industrial workers thus can be considered a vulnerable population, at higher risk of suffering more severe COVID-19 conditions should they get infected, as reports found the disease likely to develop complications on people with underlying health problems (Centers for Disease and Control cache = ./cache/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307791-59ja1ith author = Pranata, Raymond title = Body Mass Index and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3870 sentences = 213 flesch = 46 summary = Aim This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. The meta-analysis demonstrated that obesity was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 1.73 [1.40, 2.14], P <0.001; I2: 55.6%), mortality (OR 1.55 [1.16, 2.06], P =0.003; I2: 74.4%), and severity (OR 1.90 [1.45, 2.48], P <0.001; I2: 5.2%) in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated that increased BMI was associated with increased poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the association between obesity and poor outcome (mortality and severity) in patients with COVID-19 and explore the doseresponse relationship between BMI and poor outcome in these patients by pooling data from observational studies. Our meta-analysis showed that obesity was associated with composite poor outcome, mortality, and severity of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307857-1xj0ys7c author = Headey, Derek title = Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1227 sentences = 66 flesch = 49 summary = The unprecedented global social and economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic poses grave risks to the nutritional status and survival of young children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Of particular concern is an expected increase in child malnutrition, including wasting, due to steep declines in household incomes, changes in the availability and affordability of nutritious foods, and interruptions to health, nutrition, and social protection services. These efforts link three approaches to model the combined economic and health systems impacts from COVID-19 on malnutrition and mortality: MIRAGRODEP's macroeconomic projections of impacts on per capita gross national income (GNI); 4 microeconomic estimates of how predicted GNI shocks impact child wasting using data on 1·26 million children from 177 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 52 LMICs between 1990-2018; 9 and the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), which links country-specific health services disruptions and predicted increases in wasting to child mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307761-luzs56k5 author = Scarmozzino, Federico title = Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3004 sentences = 167 flesch = 50 summary = The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed several daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and-possibly-diet. Diet being one of the foremost contributors to health [1] , it is conceivable that a situation in which food availability, access to it, and a shift from eating out to mandatory in-house consumption could have change the dietary profiles of several people. Finally, lockdowns greatly reduce the amount of physical activity, sport, exercise, creating vicious cycles by which sub-optimal diets increase the noxious health effects of sedentarism [4] . We aimed at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. We aimed at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. cache = ./cache/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307862-a082sghm author = ten Cate, Hugo title = Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1229 sentences = 47 flesch = 44 summary = At our hospital and many others, the triage of patients suspected from possible COVID-19 infection get a workup including physical examination, routine lab tests and a "blank" computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax, to exclude the presence of findings suggestive for viral pneumonia. Finally, for all those patients on antithrombotic agents, the risks of bleeding and thrombosis must be weighed even in times of a crisis (certainly with possible drug interactions) and while annual controls of renal function, adherence, assessment of complications and so mostly can be delayed for some time, these checkups should not be abolished altogether, like periodic measurement of blood pressure should not be postponed indefinitely. While in this very intense era of crisis management with its huge impact on all healthcare workers, much attention is correctly directed towards the care for patients with Covid-19 infection, we should find ways to also give attention to the millions of patients at risk of thromboembolism (and bleeding) throughout the world. cache = ./cache/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307868-bsmni8sh author = Dhungana, Nimesh title = Human dignity and cross-border migrants in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2671 sentences = 119 flesch = 47 summary = The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, and the resultant lock-downs and cross-border travel restrictions have reinvigorated public debates about the vulnerability of the global migrants, together with the responsibility of the States to ensure a dignified treatment of migrants. Situating within the debates on capability-based development and human dignity and drawing on emerging evidence from Nepal, this opinion piece seeks to explore how returnee Nepali labour migrants from India are subject to dignity violation within the government's response to the COVID-19. The paper tentatively concludes that the Nepali government's decision to seal its open border with India, and its subsequent interventions to curtail the flow of outbreak have undermined the human dignity of Nepali migrants, defined as a combination of internal capability and external capability (Nussbaum, 2011) . Finally, the intersecting crisis of COVID-19 and cross-border migration in Nepal has renewed political discourse and demands surrounding the rights and dignity of poor migrants. cache = ./cache/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307945-wkz43axo author = Baud, Grégory title = Endocrine surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines in France date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2084 sentences = 138 flesch = 42 summary = Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic. Likewise, to meet their need for specific guidelines, the Frenchspeaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) brought together a group of experts to propose principles for the surgical management of thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal pathologies during the Covid-19 epidemic and afterwards, when surgical activity will be able to return gradually to its normal pattern. In the Covid-19 epidemic setting, its scheduling depends on the presence or absence of severe hypercalcemia, defined by a very high level of blood calcium > 3.5 mmol/l (140 mg/l) (17) , and/or the presence of clinical complications -acute pancreatitis secondary to HPT, brown tumor, calciphylaxis, fracture osteopenia, heart rhythm disorders (QT shortening on ECG, bradycardia with risk of asystole) with cardiac insufficiency (17) (18) (19) (20) . cache = ./cache/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307927-bwltiaeo author = Amiel, Gilad E. title = Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 947 sentences = 58 flesch = 53 summary = title: Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond All this puts a huge burden on healthcare providers in general and those who treat cancer patients in particular. Positive professional quality of life leads to compassion satisfaction and better patient care. Even before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout (BO) among caregivers in general, and physicians in particular, was widespread. This leads to negative professional quality of life and two possible detrimental effects: compassion fatigue (CF) and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Although an emphasis should be made on those who are staffing departments serving COVID-19 patients, it is in the interest of all healthcare systems to support teams treating oncologic patients and other practices [13] . Burnout among healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and evidence-based interventions Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era cache = ./cache/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307941-kato4ix2 author = Ameri, Arefeh title = Tele-Pharmacy: A New Opportunity for Consultation in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 728 sentences = 50 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Ameri, Arefeh; Salmanizadeh, Farzad; Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz Tele-pharmacy is one of the practical aspects of telemedicine that refers to providing pharmaceutical services within the scope of a pharmacist's responsibilities, with a temporal and spatial distance between patients as the consumers of health services, and healthcare providers. Tele-pharmacy is used when a pharmacist is needed,while cannot be presented in person (5-7 In other words, tele-pharmacy reforms have also been known as an initiative to increase access to pharmacies among underserved populations, such as patients with COVID-19 in rural areas. The pharmacist may give consultation on diet, self-protection and medication instructions after discharge, health care improvement, follow-up of disease, and knowledge required by patients concerning COVID-19 (8) . Thus, although the tele-pharmacy program would not solve all the health problems, it is well suited as a solution in the relationship between pharmacists and healthcare providers or for the consultation between pharmacists and patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307929-286i4rue author = Bustati, Nour title = The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment- An Online Questionnaire Cross Sectional Study date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3146 sentences = 191 flesch = 58 summary = Background The spread of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue; most dental clinics were closed and millions of orthodontic patients were unable to complete their treatment, this study aimed to assess the challenges faced by patients receiving orthodontic treatment and their proffered solutions to overcoming these challenges during this pandemic. Those who answered with ''did not miss any visit'' were directed into the submit page while the other respondents were able to proceed to the third section( the reason for missing the appointments, communication with the orthodontist, main concern, degree of agreement towards closing of clinics) and the last section was about the problems they faced and their ways to address that. Being in high risk of infection, most dental clinics were closed which put the patients who were receiving orthodontic treatment in complicated situation since they require regular visits to their orthodontist for a long period of time. cache = ./cache/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307880-atrihlc2 author = Jhaveri, Kinnari title = “Soup cans, brooms, and Zoom:” Rapid conversion of a cancer survivorship program to telehealth during COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1234 sentences = 98 flesch = 42 summary = The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Psycho-Oncology service sought to meet these needs by rapidly transferring the Survivorship Wellness Group Program (SWGP) 6 , an evidence-based health behavior change program, to telehealth and adding COVID-19 relevant content. The increase in attendance also coincided with patient reports regarding a greater need for behavioral health and social support services in the context of COVID-19. In a rapid response to the needs of cancer survivors during COVID-19, the SWGP transitioned to telehealth and adapted content, increased accessibility and expanded the reach of the program while maintaining the quality of the intervention and its foundation in evidenced-This article is protected by copyright. As demonstrated by the rapid adaptation of the Survivorship Wellness program, cancer centers are uniquely positioned to offer interdisciplinary services to survivors at this critical transition in their care, made more critical in the context of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307998-uaubbz4r author = Ben Abdallah, Iannis title = Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 394 sentences = 37 flesch = 56 summary = title: Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery Our ICU capacities have been doubled by transforming any available 3 space with ventilators into ICUs: recovery rooms, outpatient surgical unit, even ORs. As to spare 4 most of in-hospital resources, all non-emergent surgical procedures have been cancelled. According to the French Society for Vascular Surgery's 6 recommendations based on the 3Ss principle (save Staff, Space and Stuff), our surgical activity is 7 now limited to the following emergencies: acute aortic syndromes, critical and acute limb 8 ischemia, symptomatic carotid stenosis, mesenteric ischemia and vascular access for 9 hemodialysis, with endovascular favored over open repair whenever possible to shorten hospital 10 and ICU stay. Regarding staff management, our daily rotations have been completely modified with one team 4 dedicated to vascular emergencies in each center. probably face a post-pandemic wave of patients with severe vascular conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308080-1heu9vuv author = Simulundu, Edgar title = First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1714 sentences = 99 flesch = 52 summary = title: First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries Contact tracing showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection was contained within the patient's household, with no further spread to attending health care workers or community members. Whole genome sequence analysis should be part of all surveillance and case detection activities in order to monitor the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages across Africa. We report the identification and clinical management of the first COVID-19 case from Zambia, and present the phylogenetic analyses of the patient's SARS-CoV-2 isolate, comparing it to other SARS-CoV-2 lineages reported from other African countries. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the detected SARS-CoV-2 belonged to lineage B.1.1, sharing the most common recent ancestor with viruses detected in South Africa (Figure 2) Wuhan-Hu-1, which included the D614G mutation which has been observed to correlate with increased case fatality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307983-gjdza9bh author = Hawdon, James title = Cybercrime in America amid COVID-19: the Initial Results from a Natural Experiment date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6048 sentences = 289 flesch = 45 summary = Thus, while more motivated offenders being online is likely to elevate rates of cybervictimization, the overall patterns are likely more affected by changes in target suitability and guardianship that result from the pandemic. These "dangerous" online routines would include surfing the dark web, playing online video games, online shopping, and visiting social media sites as all of these activities have been reported to increase cybervictimization (Bossler & Holt, 2009; Bossler et al., 2012; Costello et al., 2016; Hawdon et al., 2014; Leukfeldt & Yar, 2016; Navarro & Jasinski, 2012; Reyns et al., 2011; van Wilsem, 2011) . Taking all of these factors together, we would anticipate an increase in cybervictimization amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to more motivated offenders, a change in some "dangerous" online routines, and perhaps less target-hardening. cache = ./cache/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308085-x00c3eex author = Kirsch, David G. title = Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2279 sentences = 118 flesch = 51 summary = As far as we are aware, there are only a small number of case series of patients with viral pneumonia treated with low dose thoracic radiation therapy that have been reported. Oppenheimer concluded that "roentgen therapy of virus pneumonia is useful mainly during the early stages of disease." These findings suggest that even if low dose thoracic radiotherapy has any efficacy in patients with COVID-19, it may not be useful in later stages of the disease once hypoxia or ARDS develop. The authors concluded that "roentgen therapy instituted 24 hours after viral inoculation of mice with swine influenza has no effect on the mortality of this disease." Taken together, these preclinical data are insufficient to support a clinical trial of low dose radiation therapy in patients with COVID-19. As there are currently no approved treatments for COVID-19, some have suggested that 0.5 to 1 Gy of whole thorax radiation therapy would present a very low risk to COVID-19 patients in a clinical trial [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308018-qao9wxzq author = Tisdell, Clement A. title = Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8269 sentences = 420 flesch = 54 summary = (1) It contains a brief historical and comparative overview of selected pandemics, particularly in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) It provides a simple original model which could be used to prioritize the admission of COVID-19 sufferers to hospital (taking into account available hospital capacity) and (3) it specifies a second model to evaluate desired social choices involving the trade-off between the severity of social restrictions (taking into account their impact on the incidence of COVID-19) and the level of economic activity. This is followed up by a critical discussion of the desirability of isolating social groups in order to control the incidence of COVID-19 and possibly reduce economic losses from the pandemic. (2020) develop a model from which they conclude that the isolation of individuals belonging to particular social groups is an effective means of limiting the number of deaths from and the incidence of COVID-19 and the economic loss from the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author = Soetikno, Roy title = Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2705 sentences = 224 flesch = 54 summary = Based on experiences and the literature, our objective is to provide practical suggestions for performing endoscopy in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. 6 It is unknown how much of the risk was related to the direct care of infected patients or to the inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 9 With numbers of COVID-19 cases continuing to rise in North America and Europe, we aim to provide practical suggestions to potentially avoid the transmissions of COVID-19 in the endoscopy unit. Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) person-to-person, (2) respiratory droplets, (3) aerosols generated during endoscopy, and (4) contact with contaminated surroundings and body fluids. 13 Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published an extensive guideline on the rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 and provided specific instructions for healthcare workers performing AGP on patients with COVID-19. 17 Note that as an AGP, endoscopy of PUI/COVID patients requires the use of respiratory protection. cache = ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308069-iydjrmhh author = Contreras, Sebastián title = Statistically-based methodology for revealing real contagion trends and correcting delay-induced errors in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4970 sentences = 251 flesch = 51 summary = We address the existence of different delays in the report of new cases, induced by the incubation time of the virus and testing-diagnosis time gaps, and other error sources related to the sensitivity/specificity of the tests used to diagnose COVID-19. In a previous work , we proposed a methodology to obtain real-time estimations of the Effective Reproduction Number R t directly from raw data, which was satisfactorily applied to evaluate the panorama of the COVID-19 spread in different countries and to forecast its evolution (Medina-Ortiz et al., 2020a) . We present an analogous methodology to estimate the number of discharged/recovered individuals, based on the reported evolution of the viral infection, the performance of the different tests for its diagnosis, and the case fatality, which can be easily adapted for a particular country. cache = ./cache/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308010-ix0xi5jb author = Mcloughlin, Benjamin C. title = Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2270 sentences = 130 flesch = 45 summary = Delirium is closely linked with adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, increased length of stay, long-term cognitive and functional decline, and risk of institutionalisation [2, 3] . Early studies describing the broad neurological features of COVID-19 suggest that 20-30% of hospitalised patients will present with or develop delirium or mental status changes, increasing to 60-70% in severe cases [8] [9] [10] . We set out to describe the point prevalence of delirium in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, and quantify its association with mortality and cognitive and physical impairments at 4 weeks. We conducted a point prevalence study at University College Hospital of every inpatient (including critical care) with a diagnosis of COVID-19. For secondary outcomes, we treated TICS-m and Barthel + NEADL scores as continuous and compared these in people with and without delirium using linear regression, adjusted by age, sex and Clinical Frailty Scale score (as a continuous measure). In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, delirium was found to be prevalent-but often undetected-and was associated with poor functional outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308075-1ftswsm8 author = Segura, Patricia Sanz title = Involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19. A review date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4829 sentences = 247 flesch = 47 summary = 4 Recent studies have indicated detection of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in the faeces of infected patients, with a higher prevalence in those with gastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhoea. Moreover, the cohort studies that have analysed the course of COVID-19 in patients with viral hepatitis (hepatitis B) 41 and those that have assessed the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the disease due to the novel coronavirus, especially in the absence of obesity, have concluded that there is a higher risk of developing a serious form of pneumonia and having more prolonged hospital stays, 42 although the available data in this regard remain insufficient. cache = ./cache/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308116-it0alwps author = Algara, M. title = Low dose anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia by covid-19: A proposal for a multi-centric prospective trial date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4084 sentences = 182 flesch = 44 summary = Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is non-invasive and has anti-inflammatory effects that can interfere with the inflammatory cascade, thus reducing the severity of associated cytokine release and might be useful in the treatment of respiratory complications caused by COVID19 . Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is non-invasive and has anti-inflammatory effects that can interfere with the inflammatory cascade, thus reducing the severity of associated cytokine release and might be useful in the treatment of respiratory complications caused by COVID19 . Study design and methods: This multicentric prospective clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lung LD-RT therapy as a treatment for interstitial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 for improving respiratory function. Study design and methods: This multicentric prospective clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lung LD-RT therapy as a treatment for interstitial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 for improving respiratory function. cache = ./cache/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308155-696bhy9v author = TRECARICHI, E. M. title = Characteristics, outcome and predictors of in-hospital mortality in an elderly population from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility. date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2978 sentences = 213 flesch = 52 summary = We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess clinical characteristics and baseline predictors of mortality of COVID-19 patients hospitalized after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a LTCF. Our study shows a high in-hospital mortality rate in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19 and hypernatremia, lymphopenia, CVD other than hypertension, and higher IL-6 serum levels were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Herein, we report clinical characteristics, outcome (inhospital mortality), and prognostic factors in a cohort of 50 patients as part of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian LTCF. In the present study, clinical characteristics and outcome of a cohort of 50 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were transferred from a LTCF to the Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit of "Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy are described. To the best of our knowledge, the present is the first study investigating clinical characteristics, mortality and prognostic factors of a complete cohort of patients during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a LTCF. cache = ./cache/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308159-qqxsrp87 author = Elder, Colby title = Expectant management of pneumothorax in intubated COVID-19 positive patients: a case series date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2072 sentences = 124 flesch = 49 summary = Historically, a small pneumothorax has been shown to be successfully treated without chest tube insertion, but this management has yet to be proven in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. CASE PRESENTATION: In this series we report four cases of patients with respiratory distress who tested positive for COVID-19 via nasopharyngeal swab and developed ventilator-induced pneumothoraces which were successfully managed with observation alone. CONCLUSIONS: Management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on positive pressure ventilation who develop small stable pneumothoraces can be safely observed without chest tube insertion. We present four cases of pneumothorax in COVID-19 positive patients who were managed without chest tube placement despite being on positive pressure ventilation. His FiO2 was weaned to 40% and on hospital day 4 his chest x-ray (CXR) showed extensive subcutaneous emphysema and bilateral tiny apical pneumothoraces (Fig. 1b) . Expectant management can be quite precarious in this population, but we believe these cases show that observation in ventilated COVID-19 positive patients with a small pneumothorax may be an appropriate option. cache = ./cache/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308252-qwoo7b1l author = Cardinale, Vincenzo title = Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4596 sentences = 229 flesch = 36 summary = During the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this pathway is unbalanced due to intestinal involvement and systemic inflammatory response. This review provides evidence on gut-liver axis involvement in Covid-19 as well as insights into the hypothesis that intestinal endotheliitis and permeability changes with bacterial translocation are key pathophysiologic events modulating systemic inflammatory response. Since inflammation seems to upregulate ACE2 expression [17] , it is important to understand whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more susceptible to Covid-19 and the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with lung injury and fatal outcome [21] . While the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD patients depends on several universal risk factors, including social distancing [22] , older age and comorbidities have been associated with a negative outcome in IBD, whereas IBD treatments have not, highlighting that acute IBD flare prevention and inflammation reduction may avoid severe Covid-19 [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308165-pk8d48hs author = Olu, Olushayo Oluseun title = Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3711 sentences = 153 flesch = 40 summary = Given the weak health system in most African countries, mounting timely and robust responses to the COVID-19 pandemic will be a big challenge hence the need to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control interventions that could break the chain of transmission quickly. Putting the above scientific evidences on the characteristics and dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, prevention and control into perspective against the backdrop of the social, cultural and economic context in Africa, we deduce several lessons which could guide African countries to better prepare for and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic on the continent. African countries should learn from this experience and implement available guidance from WHO to ensure that essential health services are maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic particularly during lockdowns to reduce excess mortality from other preventable diseases [40] [41] [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308123-eu0azqfu author = Lee, Yun Young title = Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5002 sentences = 315 flesch = 54 summary = title: Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm Our findings suggest that exogenously administered long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 can effectively reduce cfDNA levels and neutrophil activities and may be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for life-threatening SARS-CoV-2-mediated illnesses. We showed that an intravenous administration of DNase-1-coated polydopamine-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticulates, named long-acting DNase-1 (Scheme 1), effectively inhibited NETosis factors in blood samples of patients with COVID-19 and also improve survival in a sepsis model. We also observed markedly reduced NET levels, MPO activity, and NE levels in neutrophils of COVID-19 patients with sepsis upon treatment of the DNase-1 formulations (Fig. 4C-E) . patients with sepsis, the long-acting DNase-1 significantly reduced cfDNA levels and increased the activity of the DNase-1 ( Fig. S6A and B) . (C) NET ratio of SARS-CoV-2 Sepsis patient PBMCs was suppressed after free DNase-1 or long-acting DNase-1 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308114-68cgub5o author = Afrin, Lawrence B. title = Covid-19 Hyperinflammation and Post-Covid-19 Illness May Be Rooted in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 186 flesch = 45 summary = MCs, present in all vascularized tissues but dominantly at the environmental interfaces and in vessel walls (Akin and Metcalfe, 2004) , are activated by the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus which causes Covid-19 infection (Kritas et al., 2020; Theoharides, 2020; Zhou et al., 2020) , leading to MC activation and resulting release of various subsets of the MC's >1000 potent multi-action mediators (Ibelgaufts, 2020) (including biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), proteases (e.g., tryptase and chymase), cytokines (e.g., interleukins and TNF-α), eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins and leukotrienes), heparin, and growth factors) increasingly thought to play a key role in driving the hyperinflammation of severe Covid-19 illness (Kempuraj et al., 2020; Valent et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308195-nlibv0u4 author = Arleo, T. L. title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3586 sentences = 218 flesch = 47 summary = title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population Methods We conducted a case cohort study of autoimmune disease patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR) from 02/01/2020 to 07/31/2020 and compared them in a 1:3 ratio with uninfected patients who were matched based on race, age, sex, and comorbidity index. Conclusions Rheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. COVID-19 infected patients were determined by selecting patients from the study population that received a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR test through Emory Medical Laboratories. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.26.20219154 doi: medRxiv preprint among this population, as rheumatic disease patients who are admitted to the hospital have poor outcomes regardless of an underlying illness [8] [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308184-w8ewm8ve author = Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo title = How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3430 sentences = 143 flesch = 40 summary = Disease activity, co-morbidities, immunosuppressive drugs including glucocorticoids (GCs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), conventional synthetic (csDMARDs), biological (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs), and the biological agents currently available for treating patients with IBD are all considered risk factors for infective complications. This has raised concerns about the potential risk of COVID-19 infection in IBD patients (particularly those who are taking immunosuppressants or biological drugs) because of the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in the old and frail with co-morbidities. As a result of the early warning and strict preventive measures, none of the patients developed any significant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection, not even those being treated with corticosteroids (12.6%), immunosuppressants (11%) and biological agents (6%), or those with co-morbidities. The first challenge for rheumatologists is to decide whether to interrupt or continue a treatment: although it is true that the treatment is designed to control disease activity, it is also undeniable that the same treatment may expose patients, such other infection, to an increased risk for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308357-sjravgng author = Mariania, Silvia title = Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID‐19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 69 flesch = 43 summary = Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long‐standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction of routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. A special population at risk for COVID-19 includes end-stage heart failure (HF) patients and, more specifically, patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). All rights reserved Each LVAD recipient routinely followed-up in the outpatient clinic enters the telemonitoring algorithm Moreover, in order to enter this monitoring program, the patient should be judged as adequately educated through extensive talks and training sessions focused on driveline dressing techniques, battery and controller exchange, blood pressure, fluids and anticoagulation self-management. Figure 1 -Algorithm for out of hospital left ventricular assist device (LVAD) management during COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308263-stnv5oip author = Rosen, Raphael J. title = Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 331 sentences = 28 flesch = 63 summary = key: cord-308263-stnv5oip title: Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 They report an alarmingly high number of thrombotic complications (combination venous and arterial thromboembolism) in critically ill patients with COVID 19. They note an overall incidence of 31% composite outcome, much higher than the rate of thrombotic complications in prior series of critically ill patients prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2). Additionally, they noted an incidence of DVT that was only 1.6% (albeit without screening) while the majority of their outcomes were due to pulmonary embolism. It is quite possible that were as many CT angiograms performed on general critically ill patients that a similar proportion would be found to have pulmonary embolism, as was found by Minet et al when all thoracic CTs obtained were performed with contrast enhancement -19% in their series (3) . Deep venous thrombosis in medical-surgical critically ill patients: Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors cache = ./cache/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308218-0rztvk9g author = Dunham, Alexandra M. title = A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3678 sentences = 199 flesch = 47 summary = Real life dilemmas about how to allocate resources and provide care in hot-spot cities make explicit the need for careful ethical analysis, 5,6 but the need runs far deeper than that; even when not trading some lives against others, the responsibilities of both individual clinicians and the broader healthcare system are changing in the face of this crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention addresses the question of COVID-19 patient care for pregnant healthcare workers by placing the burden on facilities "to consider limiting exposure" to "confirmed or suspected COVID-19, especially during higher risk procedures" but acknowledges challenges of "staffing availability." 29 The limited staffing ability of many health systemsbecause of long-standing understaffing or clinician illness-is going to require the use of redeployment strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308270-343r91km author = Sawlani, V. title = COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1961 sentences = 113 flesch = 41 summary = The most consistent neuroradiological finding was microhaemorrhage with a predilection for the splenium of the corpus callosum (12/20, 60%) followed by acute or subacute infarct (5/20, 25%), watershed white matter hyperintensities (4/20, 20%), and susceptibility changes on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the superficial veins (3/20, 15%), acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy (2/20, 10%), large parenchymal haemorrhage (2/20, 10%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (1/20, 5%), hypoxic–ischaemic changes (1/20, 5%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes (1/20, 5%). Conclusion Various imaging patterns on MRI were observed including acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, white matter hyperintensities, hypoxic-ischaemic changes, ADEM-like changes, and stroke. Recent studies have described abnormal brain imaging findings of microhaemorrhages, multifocal white matter hyperintense lesions with variable enhancement, infarcts, haemorrhagic lesions, acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, inflammatory CNS syndromes including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and medial temporal lobe abnormalities [2] [3] [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-308270-343r91km.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308270-343r91km.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308168-kte6btc6 author = Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann title = Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1754 sentences = 103 flesch = 43 summary = This effort involves guidelines for the following: organization of unit space and/or isolation rooms or special areas for suspected or confirmed cases, policies for visitation by parents and family, and adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE) during delivery of a suspected or positive COVID-19 mother or during neonatal care. Important questions related to respiratory management during the immediate postpartum period of infants born from suspected or positive COVID-19 mothers, and the necessary protection that health care providers should use, have been addressed. 26---28 Given the lack of strong and clear scientific evidence during this pandemic, and until more information becomes available, health care providers should use full PPE during respiratory care of infants with suspected or confirmed cases. Also, it is recommended that infants with suspected or positive COVID-19 infection should be treated in negative pressure rooms or isolated using a 2-m distance between incubators in open plan NICUs. Two final points deserve special attention: immediate endotracheal intubation and use of bacterial/viral filters. cache = ./cache/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308256-jy20xtwx author = Wells, P. M. title = Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4262 sentences = 235 flesch = 52 summary = Methods: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author = Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title = Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3536 sentences = 180 flesch = 37 summary = Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308271-zzepl3on author = Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia title = COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2534 sentences = 134 flesch = 49 summary = Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults' vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future. Insert table 2 here Similarly, preliminary analyses based on publicly available data from Stockholm region (Sweden) show differences in excess mortality for COVID-19 across community measures of country of birth, median income and education one month after the outbreak (Figure 1 ). We propose a conceptual framework addressing biological and social differences in COVID-19 burden developed specifically for older people, considering potential disparities in its prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308473-x2tfx8l9 author = Zhang, Xiu-jie title = COVID-19: What is next for nursing in public health emergency? date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 645 sentences = 46 flesch = 59 summary = In China, a total of 42,000 health care providers have been sent to Hubei to support of patients with COVID-19, of whom 28,600 were nurses (68% of total as of 29 February) (SCJDCMPC., 2020). The basic and essential strategies remain the early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment of the disease , in which nurses, especially public health nurses, play an important role (Kelly., 2018) . On the other hand, the management of artificial airway, First, it is important to strengthen the training of specialized nursing talents, broaden the nursing professional field, and carry out education and training on public health emergencies. Finally, nurses play multiple roles, such as caregiver, educator, patient advocate, administrator, collaborator, coordinator, and researcher (Li., 2017) , so continued effort is important to strengthen the training of nursing, broaden the research field, for the future prevention and care of COVID-19 to provide evidences. Nurses played an important role in the medical treatment of the 2019-nCoV cache = ./cache/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 author = Liu, X. title = Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4572 sentences = 261 flesch = 49 summary = Medical records, including demographic, platelet counts, heparin-involved treatments, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-(HIT) related laboratory tests, and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients were analyzed and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. These results suggested that severe thrombocytopenia with progressively platelet count decrease occurred in most critical COVID-19 patients before a fatal outcome. 26 Although the platelet activation assay was not performed because of the limited capacity of Huoshenshan Hospital, current results still strongly suggested that HIT or spontaneous HIT, induced by the virus or a secondary bacterial infection, may occur in COVID-19, which would be significantly boosted and aggravated by further heparin exposure with a high dose, thereby resulting in a fatal outcome. Notably, HIT antibodies and a progressive decrease in PLT were also detected in heparin-naïve patients (i.e., before CRRT or other heparin exposure), even in non-ICU patients (figure 4B), indicating the occurrence of spontaneous HIT in COVID-19 patients, which probably results from virus itself or a secondary bacterial infection, such as PF4-conjugated Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, or severe tissue damage. cache = ./cache/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308402-37i62atc author = Barnes, Betsy J. title = Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3924 sentences = 253 flesch = 43 summary = In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils—the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. Furthermore, neutrophils from patients with pneumonia-associated ARDS appear "primed" to form NETs, and both the extent of priming and the level of NETs in blood correlate with disease severity and mortality (Adrover et al., 2020; Bendib et al., 2019; Ebrahimi et al., 2018; Lefrançais et al., 2018; Mikacenic et al., 2018) . NETs and excessive thrombosis Acute cardiac and kidney injuries are common in patients with severe COVID-19 and contribute to the mortality of this disease (Bonow et al., 2020) . Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increased in the alveolar spaces of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308597-ieju8gd8 author = de Carvalho, Renata Cristina title = The interference of COVID-19 in the male reproductive system: Important questions and the future of assisted reproduction techniques date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1152 sentences = 58 flesch = 49 summary = If the presence of SARS-Cov-2 in semen is confirmed, the methods of assisted human reproduction conduct should be modified, ensuring the timely safety of couples; however, current information about the virus raises other issues, such as: if seminal transmission exists, should a couple avoid sexual intercourse or use a barrier method if the male partner is known to be positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? If there is SARS-Cov-2 in an infected male's semen, is double sperm washing effective in isolating the virus as it is for HIV and hepatitis C? In addition, even with the absence of the virus in the seminal sample, a study has reported the presence of orchialgia in men diagnosed with COVID-19 (16) , which is indicative of testicular damage. Absence of 2019 novel coronavirus in semen and testes of COVID-19 patients Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308293-8y2iaqnl author = Singh, Vijay P. title = What underlies the benefit of famotidine formulations used during COVID-19? date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 775 sentences = 51 flesch = 50 summary = This was a retrospective analysis of an inpatient cohort admitted to two hospitals in New York, which found that COVID-19 patients who were treated with famotidine exhibited a lower risk of death or mechanical ventilation as composite outcomes over a 30-day period. However, the current study published in Gastroenterology provides additional value as the previous cohort was much smaller in number, included patients without a proven COVID-19 diagnosis, and lacked a control group. Using in silico molecular docking screens, famotidine has been characterized as potentially being able to bind papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 2 5 . This represents weak, nonspecific binding of famotidine to both PLpro and Mpro, and is in contradiction to previous molecular docking studies. Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study cache = ./cache/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308358-2bap7iih author = Friedland, Robert P title = The role for the metagenome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1126 sentences = 57 flesch = 39 summary = A common factor associated with aging and other COVID-19 risk factors is the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and resulting low grade inflammation with loss of epithelial barrier function [5] . Germ free animals have defective immune systems and the gut microbiota influences pathogen dissemination, inflammation, organ damage and mortality in murine pneumonia [9] . Changes in diet with aging may well influence short chain fatty acid production, affecting immune homeostasis, barrier function and severity of COVID-19. However, in cases of severe disease of COVID-19, it is the innate response and not the unregulated adaptive immune response via T cells that results in morbidity and death. The influence of the microbiota on immune processes in COVID19 infection may be assessed with metagenomic analysis of nasal, oral and intestinal communities, as well as metabolomics. Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals cache = ./cache/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author = Bakken, Suzanne title = Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 64 flesch = 35 summary = The 4 COVID-19 articles highlighted in this editorial reflect the 5 domains identified in the health informatics practice analysis: foundational knowledge; enhancing health decision making, processes, and outcomes; health information systems; data governance, management, and analytics; and leadership, professionalism, strategy, and transformation, 8 as well as similar domains in the physician clinical informatics subspecialty practice analysis. This included the design and implementation of electronic health record (EHR)-based rapid screening processes, as well as expansion of system-level EHR documentation templates (eg, urgent care/emergency department screening or testing), clinical decision support (eg, isolation, who should be tested), reporting tools (eg, operational dashboard and tracking system for persons under investigation), and patient-facing technology (eg, video visits for outpatient encounters) related to COVID-19. In a Perspective, Turer et al, 3 from Vanderbilt University Medical Center, describe an approach they call electronic PPE (ePPE) within the context of emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308715-uo6h1h2e author = Chandra, Aman title = Personal protective equipment (PPE) for vitreoretinal surgery during COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1836 sentences = 104 flesch = 43 summary = SARS-CoV-2 is the recently discovered virus which has resulted in the pandemic illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] . Estimates for the proportion of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in different populations range between 7 and 80% [10] [11] [12] , with a substantial proportion of transmission occurring prior to illness onset [13, 14] . Gloves, disposable aprons, eye protection, fluid resistant type IIR surgical masks and slit lamp guards are recommended as personal protective equipment (PPE) for ophthalmic clinic assessment by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists [17] . Symptomatic patients with SARS tend to develop lower respiratory tract infections, suggesting aerosol transmission is important [25] . Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308364-4u4woek3 author = Akkineni, Sisir title = Percutaneous Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: The Miami Model date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1258 sentences = 77 flesch = 49 summary = In this case series of three patients, we describe our technique for performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy on patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We describe a procedurally-sound and safe technique for performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy on patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our modifications to reduce the aerosolization and healthcare worker transmission included the following: use of PAPRs, a tight endotracheal adaptor seal for bronchoscopy, application of a syringe to the introducer needle to maintain a closed circuit, placement of gauze around the stoma, attachment of a HEPA filter externally to the tracheostomy tube, minimal cuff deflation during retraction of the ET tube, and induced apnea during times of airway opening. Some of the modifications to decrease aerosolization in COVID-19 patients during percutaneous tracheostomy reported in literature include exchanging the ETT to a smaller 6mm internal diameter tube prior to the procedure and keeping the cuff inflated at the carina while the operator worked around the ETT during tracheal cannulation [8]. cache = ./cache/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308383-j1gi1cxu author = Xu, Jie title = Associations of Stay-at-Home Order and Face-Masking Recommendation with Trends in Daily New Cases and Deaths of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3512 sentences = 198 flesch = 56 summary = METHODS: In this quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study, we modeled temporal trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers in the USA between March 1 and April 20, 2020. There were two turning points in daily new-case trend, being March 28 (slope-changes = −0.09) and April 3 (slope-changes = −0.09), which appeared to be associated with implementation of SAHO on March 28 (affecting 48.5% of the US population in 22 states and District of Columbia), and face-masking recommendation on April 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases or deaths in the USA, which seem to be linked to implementation of SAHO and the Center for Disease Control's face-masking recommendation. The multivariable piecewise log-linear regression models identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases and the time-varying reproduction number, Rt, in the USA, as well as the link between states' relationship with New York and COVID-19 epidemics. cache = ./cache/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308616-tyd50s4m author = Bizri, Abdul Rahman title = COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insult Over Injury for Lebanon date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4034 sentences = 216 flesch = 52 summary = 1422 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and reported in Lebanon by June 13th, 2020, comprising an incidence rate of 208/million persons. In this descriptive analysis we attempt to assess the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Lebanese population relevant to: (1) the number of cases and attributed mortality, date of infection, district, gender and age distribution, (2) its impact on the healthcare, economic, and educational sectors, and the psychological trauma associated with the fear from infection and stress of quarantine. The impact of COVID-19 further extended beyond morbidity and mortality, and affected the health, socioeconomic and educational sectors of the country, as well as the psychological welfare of the population. In addition, strict measures were undertaken by the Lebanese government, and these included testing all people possibly exposed by travel-related affairs, or showing symptoms as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308527-scxemthv author = Barauna, V. G. title = Ultra-rapid on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using simple ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and analysis algorithm: high sensitivity and specificity date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4219 sentences = 277 flesch = 55 summary = Herein, we applied a superfast reagent-free and non-destructive approach of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with subsequent chemometric analysis to the interrogation of virus-infected samples. Figure 1a shows a typical spectrum of inactivated gamma-irradiated Covid-19 virus particles (e SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br GenBank accession number MT 126808.1) (18); at 1582 copies/ml, an ATR-FTIR spectrum with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 doi: medRxiv preprint control saliva in comparison with saliva spiked inactivated virus particle at various copy number levels highlighted an ability to detect virus particle-induced spectral alterations at levels that would be considered extremely low in the pharyngeal cavity of infected humans (symptomatic or asymptomatic). ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 doi: medRxiv preprint Consequently, five GA-LDA selected variables were identified, each which significantly (P <0.01) discriminates negative and Covid-19 positive swab samples ( Figure 6 , Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308354-p50vs2eb author = Martinsson, Lisa title = Were clinical routines for good end-of-life care maintained in hospitals and nursing homes during the first three months of the outbreak of COVID-19? A national register study date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4270 sentences = 218 flesch = 60 summary = OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine whether adherence to clinical routines for good end-of-life care differed for deaths due to COVID-19 compared to a reference cohort from 2019, and whether they differed between nursing homes and hospitals. Four of the five items differed for total COVID-19 group compared to the reference cohort: fewer were examined by a physician during the last days before death, pain and oral health were less likely to be assessed, and fewer had had a specialised palliative care team consultation (p < .0001, respectively). Compared to the reference cohort from 2019, four of the five end-of-life care routines examined were conducted less often in the total COVID-19 group: significantly fewer were examined by a physician during the last days before death, pain and oral health were less likely to be assessed, and fewer had had a specialised palliative care team consultation, p < .0001 in all four comparisons ( Table 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308431-l4sv28hj author = Schindler, Seth title = Covid-19, China and the future of global development date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7015 sentences = 348 flesch = 55 summary = This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China's development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China's development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative. A recent global survey confirmed that the vast majority of people around the world think that China's response to Covid-19 has been far more effective than the United States' (Wintour, 2020) . The dollar is likely to remain the global reserve currency by default, but as countries grapple with the health impacts and economic fallout from Covid-19, many will turn to China for leadership given the effectiveness of its response. cache = ./cache/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308615-4fobikeh author = AKTAS, Busra title = Gut-lung axis and dysbiosis in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4221 sentences = 216 flesch = 45 summary = Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes lung infection, gastrointestinal symptoms described in COVID-19 patients and detection of the viral RNA in feces of infected patients drove attentions to a possible fecal-oral transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. This review points out the role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota involving in sepsis, on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the common symptoms, indicating respiratory tract disease, of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the main organ effected by the COVID-19 seems to be lung. In addition to the data detecting viral RNA in feces previously, these results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not remain with the respiratory tract only and the gastrointestinal system contribute to the course of the disease as well. However, with the limited data until today, it is hard to propose a fecal-oral transmission route to explain the enteric symptoms in COVID-19 patients and claim that SARS-CoV-2 pass through stomach and reach intestine to infect the intestinal cells as enteric viruses accomplish. cache = ./cache/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308762-lxhq9ga4 author = Sharma, Manoj Kumar title = Researcher Burnout: An Overlooked Aspect in Mental Health Research in times of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 80 flesch = 44 summary = The COVID-19 related lockdown has also decreased the accessibility to research participants, in addition to existing challenges such as funding not coming through in time, the pressure to achieve results, to write grants, revise grant applications, and face non-acceptance of research grants proposals. The on-going uncertain situations concerning COVID-19 and uncertainties related to research progress appear to be a major contributor towards stress which is likely manifesting itself in researchers and their teams in terms of sleep disturbance, poor appetite, increased interpersonal problems, decreased motivation to continue with research demands, procrastination, absence of other offline leisure activities and experiencing guilt feelings for not completing work. Besides, a mental health pandemic may emerge which results from the experience of trauma, grief, social isolation, loneliness and as well from secondary impact of COVID-19 related quarantine and its associations with abrupt changes in lifestyle. cache = ./cache/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308424-crvnzr44 author = Mascarenhas, Victor Hugo Alves title = Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4494 sentences = 276 flesch = 49 summary = Normal childbirth: • Mild clinical conditions; • There are no contraindications, especially due to a lack of evidence on vertical transmissions; • If pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2* present spontaneous labor and good cervical conditions, normal childbirth is advised, provided that the health service has the apparatus necessary to promote appropriate precautions; • To shorten the duration of the second stage of labor, directed pushing is recommended and parturient women are supposed to wear a surgical mask. This decision should be taken together with the mother and health workers involved in care delivery; • There is a risk of mothers transmitting SARS-CoV-2* to their NB † through respiratory droplets at the time of breastfeeding, even when wearing a surgical mask; • Women who opt not to breastfeed during the period of the disease should be encouraged to express breast milk to feed their NB † ; cache = ./cache/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308740-06jr58kz author = Lazaridis, Charalampos title = Involvement of Cardiovascular System As The Critical Point in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prognosis and Recovery date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2536 sentences = 173 flesch = 42 summary = All cases were linked to a seafood market in the same city 2 and were confirmed to be associated with a novel RNA betacoronavirus, which was later named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 3,4 . A recent study in patients with heart failure found that circulating levels of ACE2 were higher in men than in women, suggesting increased ACE2 tissue expression which could contribute to susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progress 49 . Remarkably, severe COVID-19 has been associated with hypokalemia and higher blood pressure, supporting suggestions of decreased ACE2 function and augmented levels of angiotensin II after SARS-CoV-2 infection 96 . The participation of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, acting as a cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2 13 has caused increasing concern about the role of antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II Chloroquine, an antimalarial agent with known anti-viral effects 141 Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308680-moligska author = Wong, Justin title = Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4184 sentences = 241 flesch = 52 summary = We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. Here, we report findings from the first 135 COVID-19 cases, detected within the first 5 weeks of the local epidemic, along with their epidemiological, clinical, and transmission characteristics. In Hong Kong, case isolation and contact tracing were combined with other physical distancing measures (but no lockdown), which resulted in an estimated effective reproduction number near 1 for 8 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308803-i934doud author = PONNAPA REDDY, M. title = Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4154 sentences = 252 flesch = 47 summary = title: Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Purpose: Several studies have reported adopting prone positioning (PP) in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. 26 36 37 Oxygenation outcomes were analysed based on the mean pre-PP PaO 2 /FiO 2 ≤ 150 (5 studies 10 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This systematic review examined the effect of PP of non-intubated patients on oxygenation parameters in a heterogenous group of adult patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. In a selected group of patients who received PP, the incidence of intubation and mortality was relatively lower in comparison with a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on associations of non-invasive oxygenation strategies and all-cause mortality in COVID-19, which reported rates of 40% and 30% respectively. Feasibility and physiological effects of prone positioning in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (PRON-COVID): a prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-308803-i934doud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308803-i934doud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308476-pyje6txy author = Campochiaro, Corrado title = The conundrum of interleukin-6 blockade in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 860 sentences = 42 flesch = 42 summary = 1 As a result, in the absence of a specific antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, many therapeutic efforts have focused on use of immunosuppressive drugs targeting the potential mediators of this hyperinflammatory state. 9 They obtained data from a prospective observational database used by the Hackensack Meridian Health network of 13 hospitals in New Jersey, USA, and did a retrospective study to compare outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab with those who did not. Interleukin 1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study GM-CSF blockade with mavrilimumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation: a single-centre, prospective cohort study Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study cache = ./cache/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308648-bus3axay author = He, Shan title = Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3116 sentences = 176 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: To assess perceptions of risk and related factors concerning COVID-19 epidemic among residents in Chongqing city, China. Females (OR = 4.234), people with income ≥ 2000 yuan (2000–4999 yuan: OR = 5.052, 5000–9999 yuan: OR = 4.301, ≥ 10,000 yuan: OR = 23.459), the married status (OR = 1.811), the divorced status, widows or widowers (OR = 3.038), people living with families including children (OR = 5.085) or chronic patients (OR = 2.423) had a higher perceived risk level, as well as people who used free media websites (OR = 1.756), community workers (OR = 4.064) or community information platforms (OR = 2.235) as main media information sources. CONCLUSION: Residents reported a high level of risk perception towards COVID-19 in Chongqing and it was impacted by the population demographic characteristics. In our study, residents in Chongqing had a high level of risk perception towards the infectivity and pathogenicity of COVID-19, and relatively lower risk of the lethality and self-rated infection possibility. cache = ./cache/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308545-5n55yl2s author = Verscheijden, Laurens F. M. title = Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID‐19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2698 sentences = 165 flesch = 54 summary = 4, 5 The Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIDC) recommends a total cumulative dose of 3,300 mg CHQ base (44 mg/kg for a 75 kg adult), reducing the risk of adverse events by limiting treatment to 5 days. As CHQ is licensed for use in children with malaria, 8 it may seem rational to use the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended antimalarial dose to treat COVID-19 infected pediatric patients (25 mg/kg given over 3 days). In fact, the current pediatric WHO dose may even be questionable for the treatment of malaria, as recent studies show that older infants and children may need a higher mg/kg dose to reach similar drug concentrations as adults. These doses support previous pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in pediatric patients with malaria showing a need for higher mg/kg doses, as compared with adults, to reach similar plasma exposures in children 6 months to 12 years. cache = ./cache/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308673-dkmpayk4 author = Ni, Li title = Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1701 sentences = 93 flesch = 59 summary = Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). The present report described a family case, including three cases who received western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL) treatments and achieved rapid recovery. On January 28, the patient was diagnosed of COVID-19 with positive 2019-nCoV test using nasopharyngeal swab specimen (Table 1 ) and chest CT scan showing patchy ground glass opacity in the right lower lung subpleural fields (Fig. 4) . This report described the first typical family case of COVID-19 treated using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL because of poor response to other treatments. All their symptoms resolved after using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL and rapidly recovered without obvious adverse effects when the patients showed no response and their symptoms continued to aggravate after other treatments, including IVIG (5 g per day) and dexamethasone, antibiotics, and antivirus compounds. cache = ./cache/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308808-9nol6rb4 author = Mehrpour, Omid title = Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 583 sentences = 38 flesch = 51 summary = Methyl alcohol toxicity in Iran related to the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has attracted the attention of the medical professionals. Just a few days after the widespread coronavirus outbreak, unfounded rumors circulated on social media that drinking or gargling alcohol could prevent or cure COVID-19. As of April 20, 2020, at the time of writing this letter, 700 people have died as a result of ingesting denatured alcohol in an attempt to fight the novel coronavirus. False information and rumors about substances that can supposedly cure or prevent COVID-19 can be just as dangerous and harmful as the virus itself. It is of crucial importance that, while fighting the deadly novel coronavirus, we expose misinformation and false rumors in order to protect people and prevent more damage to their health and to the ability of hospitals to function effectively. cache = ./cache/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308730-mv3ttl1e author = Bujanda, Luis title = Surgery and emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 912 sentences = 58 flesch = 58 summary = Urgent gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is a worldwide extended medical procedure, being the most frequent the upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding and impaction of a foreign body the most common emergencies that require this technique 1, 2 . Regarding to our protocol, we perform UGE within 12 hours since admission to patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and within 6 hours to those with impaction of foreign bodies. By the other hand, lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the main indication for urgent colonoscopy, performed in 11 (9%) cases, followed by 6 patients (5%) who needed stenting due to colonic obstruction in relation to colorectal cancer. The number of colonoscopies needed for colonic stents in obstructive colorectal cancer decreased by half in Covid period. Probably related to the former reasons the percentage decrease of UGE due to impaction of foreign bodies was higher than the observed for GI bleeding. cache = ./cache/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308667-6jr3z9wx author = Papachristodoulou, Eleni title = Long-term and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: implications from current and past knowledge date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1768 sentences = 82 flesch = 51 summary = Furthermore, data from SARS-CoV suggest that the duration of immunity may not be sufficiently significant, while the immunity response against SARS-CoV-2 may not be efficiently effective in all patients, as relapses have already been reported. In conclusion, the development of an effective vaccine is an urgent necessity, as long-term natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may not be sufficient for the control of the current and future outbreaks. Information from follow-up studies of patients recovered from other coronaviruses may provide a background regarding the possible long-term immune response of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2011) reported that antibody titers were undetectable in 21/23 patients at six years post-infection, while SARS-CoV antigen-specific memory B-cell response was undetectable in all 23 patients. As a consequence, the increasing number of individuals recovered from COVID-19 may not be able to provide effective herd immunity during subsequent post-pandemic waves of infection by mutant variants (Biswas et al. Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered 1 patient cohort and their implications cache = ./cache/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308807-9yggo5yk author = Zheng, DavidX. title = National analysis of COVID-19 and older emergency physicians date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 609 sentences = 33 flesch = 53 summary = On October 23, 2020, the U.S. reached a new pandemic record of 83,010 daily cases, 1 and all signs point toward an impending "second wave" or "third surge." Given the association between advanced age and COVID-19 severity, 2 our objective was to compare the geographic distribution of U.S. EPs age  60 years to the cumulative distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases, to highlight the potential risks faced by this vulnerable population of clinicians. Emergency departments could also amend operations to prioritize reduction of nosocomial transmission risk among advanced age EPs (e.g., allocating critically limited PPE to higher-risk physicians, geographically cohorting patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection within an emergency department). States were grouped into color-coordinated quintiles based on relative proportion of older EPs, and cumulative COVID-19 case volumes were adjusted with a logarithmic scale to create proportionally-sized data points. cache = ./cache/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308491-fc46k594 author = Mossa-Basha, Mahmud title = Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3304 sentences = 161 flesch = 48 summary = Elective Imaging Exams 3 To promote our efforts to protect our patients and employees from potential exposure, while performing critical and time-sensitive non-invasive diagnostic imaging studies, we are rescheduling elective examinations. In approximately 5000 COVID-19 tested patients across our hospitals, we have performed 4700 chest imaging exams, including 1300 CT and 3400 x-ray examinations. For elective imaging, if the patient did not reschedule their study, arrives at our department and is symptomatic per front door or front desk screening, the patient is provided with a surgical mask and placed in an isolation room. For patients requiring airborne/contact precautions, radiology technologists will perform room sanitizing after imaging while still wearing the same set of PPE as used during patient transfers. For all critical and time-sensitive procedures and imaging studies that involve anesthesia and may require intubation, a RT-PCR test for COVID-19 is performed prior to the procedure to ensure healthcare worker protection. cache = ./cache/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308702-90a4dj76 author = Hussain, Azhar title = Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection: Early experience date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 612 sentences = 47 flesch = 46 summary = The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID‐19 infection is difficult to make, particularly as it is still an unknown disease entity in the setting of emergent cardiac surgery. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery and who have had recent or active COVID‐19 infection. 1 The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID-19 infection is difficult to make as it is an unknown disease entity with outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery difficult to predict. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery who have had recent or active COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination suggested aortic stenosis and past medical history was significant for type His medical history was significant for hyOur third case highlights the importance of a CT thorax as part of our routine preoperative cardiac surgical workup during this pandemic. Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308848-chvvtr0d author = Fidel, Paul L. title = Reply to Özdemir, “Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship” date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 558 sentences = 33 flesch = 52 summary = While the current clinical trials are not investigating this issue directly, we have focused on the MMR vaccine as it is widely available and has the potential for any or all of the three components to induce the MDSCs. However, based on our data in the animal model of fungal/bacterial sepsis, very strong long-lasting protection is afforded from one administration of the attenuated fungal isolate (7) . Finally, while it is true that we do not know how long the trained innate immunity persists, the randomized clinical trial of MMR versus placebo in health care workers and the nonhuman primate study that will test MMR or BCG in a model of COVID-19 infection will go far to answer these questions. To date, the trained innate response with BCG suggests the immunity is functional for approximately 1 year based on infant vaccinations (8) . Immune protection against lethal fungal-bacterial intra-abdominal infections cache = ./cache/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308986-eblxpfds author = Ferreira-Santos, D. title = Identifying baseline clinical features of people with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 225 flesch = 59 summary = Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the evidence available at LitCovid, until March 23th, 2020, and selected articles that reported the prevalence of socio-demographic characteristics, symptoms and co-morbidities in adults with COVID-19. We consider that the creation of a predictive model that could help identify those at higher risk of having COVID-19, built on their baseline clinical features (such as sociodemographic, symptoms and presence of co-morbidities), could help prioritize screening and therapeutic strategies. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 17 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections Outside Wuhan, China," medRxiv Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in 62 Patients in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308813-4ah3cdph author = Bartlett, Robert H. title = Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1681 sentences = 103 flesch = 47 summary = title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) and all of the ELSO worldwide chapters have prepared this document to describe when and how to use extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID-19 patients during this pandemic. 4 Due to the intensive hospital resource utilization, substantial staff training, and multidisciplinary needs associated with starting an ECMO program, ELSO recommends against starting new ECMO centers for the sole purpose of treating patients with COVID-19. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indications, access, and management are described in the ELSO Guidance for Adult Respiratory and Cardiac failure on the ELSO web site (https:// elso.org). For adult respiratory failure, the recently published EOLIA trial contains three indications that define severe ARDS where ECMO may be useful. For ELSO member centers, when you use ECMO for COVID-19, please enter your patient in the Registry at the time they go on (and later when discharged). cache = ./cache/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308906-et7duogt author = Di, Gaohong title = Simple and Effective Primary Assessment of Emergency Patients in a COVID-19 Outbreak Area: A Retrospective, Observational Study date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3674 sentences = 216 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: We assessed medical data regarding all patients who underwent emergency surgery at the main campus of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 23, 2020, to February 15, 2020. Before February 15, 2020, we did not perform throat swab tests on all emergency patients to screen for COVID-19 infection at the time of admission, due to a lack of diagnostic reagents. The ability to screen and identify patients infected with COVID-19 that were admitted to the emergency department at the main campus of Wuhan Union Hospital was complicated by the variability in the clinical presentation of infected individuals. 6 During this study, no chest CT scans or throat swabs were taken as routine COVID-19 screening measures for emergency surgery patients due to the shortage of medical resources. The COVID-19 cases in this study were confirmed in the postoperative period using chest CT scans and throat swabs that detected viral nucleic acid using qRT-PCR assays. cache = ./cache/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308964-y18nru1d author = Couper, Keith title = COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3365 sentences = 234 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission 33 associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary 34 resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission 33 associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary 34 resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. Methods: We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: 1) aerosol 37 generation associated with key interventions; 2) risk of airborne infection transmission 38 associated with key interventions; and 3) the effect of different personal protective 39 equipment strategies. Methods: We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: 1) aerosol 37 generation associated with key interventions; 2) risk of airborne infection transmission 38 associated with key interventions; and 3) the effect of different personal protective 39 equipment strategies. Our first two research questions examined the association between key resuscitation 99 interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, CPR) and aerosol generation and airborne 100 transmission of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308860-llumyzno author = Ramón Martínez Riera, José title = ATENCIÓN DOMICILIARIA Y COVID-19. ANTES, DURANTE Y DESPUÉS DEL ESTADO DE ALARMA date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3207 sentences = 307 flesch = 54 summary = Esta Atención Domiciliaria, desarrollada fundamentalmente desde el ámbito de la APS, ha tenido un desigual desarrollo y consideración tanto antes, como durante la implantación del Estado de Alarma ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en nuestro país, pero sin duda es una intervención que parece ajustarse a las necesidades de muchas personas, familias y de la propia comunidad ante una situación que precisa del confinamiento domiciliario de personas sanas, pero susceptibles de contagio, conviviendo con personas contagiadas y sus cuidadoras en situación de aislamiento. En cualquier caso, es importante destacar algunas las recomendaciones a tener en cuenta en la Atención Domiciliaria, pues, el seguimiento de las mismas minimiza los contagios y favorece el seguimiento de las personas contagiadas y de su familia, centradas en el rol de la persona enferma, su persona cuidadora y el resto de convivientes, así como en las condiciones de higiene de la vivienda (residuos y limpieza), en base a la guía para el manejo domiciliario del COVID-19 del Ministerio de Sanidad de España (5). cache = ./cache/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308857-otsrexqu author = Goel, Saurav title = Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10608 sentences = 526 flesch = 47 summary = This newly identified disease is caused by a new strain of the virus being referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). We review the current medical and manufacturing response to COVID-19, including advances in instrumentation, sensing, use of lasers, fumigation chambers and development of novel tools such as lab-on-the-chip using combinatorial additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques and use of molecular modelling and molecular docking in drug and vaccine discovery. However, the coronavirus isolated from pangolins is 99% similar in a specific region of the Spike protein, which corresponds to the 74 amino acids involved in the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor binding domain, which allows the virus to enter human cells to infect them as shown in Figure 2 (b). (figures reprinted with permission) Our nasal lining tissue contains a rich number of cell receptors called angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which are favourable sites for the SARS CoV-2 to attach its spiked protein to, thus paving way for the entrance of the virus inside the body. cache = ./cache/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309089-ex9nh1yi author = Coperchini, Francesca title = The Cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6132 sentences = 303 flesch = 43 summary = Since the first reports on COVID-19 disease, it appeared clear that Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accounted for a significant number of deaths among infected patients and that ARDS should be regarded as the hallmark immune-mediated clinical consequence in SARS-CoV-2, similarly to what described for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections [11] . As shown by previous data in the literature, increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, Interferon γ, interleukin (IL-) 1B, IL-6, IL-12) and chemokines (CXCL10, and CCL2) are associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung involvement in SARS patients, similarly to what happens in MERS-CoV infection [13] . In mice infected with SARS-CoV, the clinical features of the syndrome showed an age-dependent increase in severity (similarly to what observed in humans), which was related to an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, paralleled by a reduction in T-cell responses [78] . cache = ./cache/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author = Tay, Yi Xiang title = The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2532 sentences = 150 flesch = 42 summary = Like nursing, midwifery and many allied health education programmes, clinical training is an important cornerstone of radiographer education -equipping students to safely and competently transit into complex healthcare environments 6, 7 . However, as all the overseas students were selffinanced, the potential of additional emotional and psychological challenges had to be considered 12 One of the ways of support for the clinical educators came in the form of encouragement from notes of appreciation and gifts from the public, and the hospital senior managements to all frontline heroes -showing how much their efforts were valued through these gestures of care and appreciation. Indeed, these characteristics of Generation Z students will certainly affect how clinical educators provide education in the COVID-19 pandemic. With the new ratio, clinical educators were able to provide the students with more guidance, frequent immediate feedback and encouragement to learn from their mistakes -meeting the Generation Z students' learner perspectives [36] [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308892-5gbjdr0u author = Fu, Lin title = Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2660 sentences = 191 flesch = 56 summary = title: Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver injury (ALI), its association with death risk and prognosis after discharge. Despite of no difference on serum TBA, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase, two markers of cholestasis, were higher in critically ill patients than those of common cases. The present study aimed to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI, its association with death risk and the prognosis after discharge. The major findings of this study include: (1) ALI is more common in the critically ill COVID-19 patients; (2) Accumulating data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused multiple organ injuries, including myocardial dysfunction, lymphopenia and even acute renal These results provide evidence that ALI on admission is associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309001-erm705tg author = Liu, Q. title = Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 169 flesch = 51 summary = To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. This single-centre, retrospective, observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Therefore, in this research study, we analysed the laboratory examination indicators of patients who died and hoped to find out the risk factors that could predict the outcome of death. cache = ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309095-ka9abe0c author = Idoiaga, Nahia title = Exploring Children’s Social and Emotional Representations of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6400 sentences = 319 flesch = 60 summary = These results indicate the need for governments to also consider children in their management of the current situation by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects that they may suffer as a consequence of the pandemic and the lockdown. Thus, the main goal of this article is to study how children understand or represent the COVID-19, while observing their emotional response to the coronavirus pandemic in Spain. Amid the current COVID-19 crisis, research from China suggests that resilience should be nurtured by public health programs implemented by healthcare professionals, schools, and families in order to help children to overcome conditions of distress, and prospectively provide them with emotional and psychological support (Pettoello-Mantovani et al., 2019; Dalton et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020) Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org Further, given the results of our lexical similarity analysis, it is worth noting that we again observed the appearance of the emotions of fear, nervousness, sadness, happiness, calmness, boredom, and anger. cache = ./cache/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309200-t2xugb8l author = Asadi, Sima title = The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles? date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2077 sentences = 108 flesch = 45 summary = (2005) established that hospitalized patients infected with SARS during the 2003 epidemic emitted viable aerosolized virus into the air. Recent work on influenza (another viral respiratory disease) has established that viable virus can indeed be emitted from an infected individual by breathing or speaking, without coughing or sneezing (Yan et al. In regard to virology, information is required about the average viral titer in the respiratory fluid and the emitted aerosol particles, as well as the minimum infectious dose for COVID-19 in susceptible individuals. But given the large numbers of expiratory particles known to be emitted during breathing and speech, and given the clearly high transmissibility of COVID-19, a plausible and important hypothesis is that a face-to-face conversation with an asymptomatic infected individual, even if both individuals take care not to touch, might be adequate to transmit Note that the key word in the last sentence was "might." Many urgent questions about aerosol transmission and COVID-19 must be answered. cache = ./cache/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309032-idjdzs97 author = Zhou, Feng title = Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Critical Time Intervals of COVID-19 in Eighteen Provinces, China: A Retrospective Study date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4176 sentences = 237 flesch = 54 summary = Several studies conducted in China, Italy and the United States have reported some epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in the initial phase (Grasselli et al., 2020 , Liang et al., 2020 , Price-Haywood et al., 2020 , Richardson et al., 2020 , Wu and McGoogan, 2020 , However, there is still a lack of research on the space-time characteristics in the populations of imported and local cases respectively which is of great significance. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal distribution of the COVID-19 in eighteen provinces of China (outside Hubei province) and investigated the epidemiological characteristics in the population of imported cases and local cases, from the beginning of this epidemic until it was under good control. We further assessed the critical influence factors associated with time interval from symptom onset to hospitalization (TOH) and length of hospital stay (LOS), including demographic and temporal and spatial characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309195-0scmephx author = Blicharz, Leszek title = Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 576 sentences = 49 flesch = 53 summary = title: Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments 3 Regardless of HE etiology, exposure to detergents and soaps, frequent hand washing (>20 times/day) and the use of occlusive gloves are all well-known risk factors of disease onset This article is protected by copyright. Topical steroids such as clobetasol propionate and mometasone furoate are usually the first-choice anti-inflammatory agents, though they may interfere with the skin barrier regeneration and thus their long-term This article is protected by copyright. 6 Lastly, systemic agents should be considered in severe cases refractory to topical treatment. Therapeutic options include short courses of systemic steroids during disease exacerbations, oral retinoids, e.g. alitretinoin, acitretin, and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine A. 6 Despite the lack of evidence on the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, 7, 8 we believe that the first-line systemic treatment should involve oral retinoids followed by immunosuppressants in recalcitrant cases. Hand eczema: treatment cache = ./cache/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309133-0jh84w6f author = Huang, Shiu-Feng title = Rapid establishment of a COVID-19 biobank in NHRI by National Biobank Consortium of Taiwan date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1976 sentences = 105 flesch = 60 summary = By the request of the Minister of Health and Welfare, NHRI Biobank was assigned to establish a COVID-19 biobank in early Feb, 2020 to collect COVID-19 patients' blood samples for Taiwan researchers and industries in an emergent way. By the request of the Minister of Health and Welfare, NHRI Biobank was assigned to establish a COVID-19 biobank in early Feb, 2020 to collect COVID-19 patients' blood samples for Taiwan researchers and industries in an emergent way. This biobank can provide applicants with biosamples, such as serum, DNA and RNA, and also the clinical and genomic data, so as to accelerate the COVID-19 treatment and prevention research in Taiwan. This biobank can provide applicants with biosamples, such as serum, DNA and RNA, and also the clinical and genomic data, so as to accelerate the COVID-19 treatment and prevention research in Taiwan. cache = ./cache/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309024-pu830bn9 author = Bernardo, Luca title = Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2959 sentences = 158 flesch = 41 summary = title: Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature In this article, we present the case of a Black patient with acute pneumonia who benefited greatly from tocilizumab, but developed severe prolonged neutropenia. Considering the increasing use of tocilizumab among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this case warrants further research regarding the possible adverse hematological effects that need to be monitored in order to prevent secondary infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , an emergent pandemic infection caused by the novel β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily targets the lungs but also affects the heart and kidneys [1] . In this article, we report the case of a patient with respiratory failure related to COVID-19 who had a rapid favorable outcome after two doses of tocilizumab, but developed severe prolonged neutropenia. cache = ./cache/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309267-ihc7h8ik author = Vervaecke, Deanna title = Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4204 sentences = 246 flesch = 51 summary = We offer the 'caremongering' movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. In the case of compassionate ageism (also known as benevolent ageism), so-called positive or warm perceptions of older people are combined with attributes of incompetence, frailty, dependence, passivity, and victimhood (Binstock, 1985; Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017; Marier & Revelli, 2017) , reflecting the mixed content of age stereotypes. The presumed ownership of the "elderly" stems from compassionate ageism and mixed age stereotypes which position older individuals as worthy of, and dependent upon, the support of younger people. Given that many younger individuals often adjust their behavior when interacting with older people according to age stereotypes they hold (O"Connor & St. Pierre, 2004) , it is likely that those engaging in helping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as caremongering, are doing so in ways that have long-term implications for older recipients of this help. cache = ./cache/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309273-gtvi37gh author = Flesia, Luca title = Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7901 sentences = 381 flesch = 45 summary = Finally, with the goal of anticipating persons in need of treatment and improving the targeting and overall effectiveness of preventive programs, we aimed at developing machine learning models to predict individual psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on sociodemographic and psychological variables with maximal sensitivity in classifying subjects with high versus low levels of perceived stress. To better understand the role of stable psychological traits in predicting the level of perceived stress (PSS-10 score), a second multiple linear regression was run, adding to the previous model the scores of the five coping styles measured by the COPE-NVI-25 (COPE positive, COPE problem, COPE avoidance, COPE religion and COPE support), the BSCS total score, the internal LOC score, and the scores for the five personality traits measured by the BFI-10 (BFI-10 agreeableness, BFI-10 conscientiousness, BFI-10 emotional stability, BFI-10 extraversion and BFI-10 openness). cache = ./cache/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309128-gmraihg6 author = Yanai, Hidekatsu title = A Significance of High Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension in Severe COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1428 sentences = 87 flesch = 48 summary = It remains unknown why the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension is high in COVID-19 patients and why such diseases can be risk for severe COVID-19 including death. Half of studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of diabetes in severe patients than in non-severe patients. Five of 12 studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of hypertension in severe patients than in non-severe patients. Since hypertension is one of the most significant risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 [14, 15] , the effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients have received much focus. Four of 11 studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CVD in severe patients than in non-severe patients. A very recent article reported the development of Kawasaki disease in COVID-19 patient [23] , supporting an association between endothelial injury and severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309147-c3ikb81g author = Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid title = Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4984 sentences = 315 flesch = 51 summary = According to available information, SARS-CoV-2 is inferred to be a recombinant virus that originated from bats and was transmitted to humans, possibly using the pangolin as the intermediate host. The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor, and its subsequent cleavage by serine protease and fusion, are the main events in the pathophysiology. The recent reports have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is a modified coronavirus of bat origin [22, 32] , which came to humans as a result of zoonotic transmission [33, 34] . The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of pangolin-CoV has only a one amino acid difference with that of SARS-CoV-2; the infected pangolins exhibit pathological symptoms similar to humans suffering from COVID-19, and their blood circulating antibodies can react with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 [35, 36] . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges cache = ./cache/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309171-kgc7lgjp author = Dolinger, Michael T. title = Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1276 sentences = 80 flesch = 47 summary = We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockade. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-α blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. 2 We describe a pediatric patient recently diagnosed with Crohn's disease who developed severe COVID-19 infection successfully treated with infliximab. This is the first reported case of a patient with recently diagnosed Crohn's disease with suspected MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 treated with infliximab to co-manage both entities. cache = ./cache/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308996-tf0v2ojk author = Maas, Angela HEM title = The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2188 sentences = 138 flesch = 45 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed important differences between the sexes in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical course, mortality and socioeconomic dimensions of the disease in all populations worldwide. The role of the TMPRSS2 protease in SARS-CoV-2 needs to be further investigated, but information on other diseases points towards sexspecific differences. 34 Sex differences in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor have been identified as an important contributor to the initiation and course of the disease. 27, 35, 36 Sex differences regarding potential protective effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infections are as yet unknown. Sex-specific SARS-CoV-2 mortality: among hormone-modulated ACE2 expression, risk of venous thromboembolism and hypovitaminosis D The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality cache = ./cache/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309238-7lbt0f03 author = Koratala, Abhilash title = Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2776 sentences = 135 flesch = 37 summary = title: Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach For example, lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in ARDS may be difficult to distinguish from that of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and, sometimes, patient positioning may limit the scan zones available for evaluation. We believe that a "Tri-POCUS" approach ( Fig. 1) combining LUS, focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS), and venous Doppler ultrasound can overcome the shortcomings of individual techniques and enhance the reliability by providing valuable insights into patients' hemodynamics when interpreted in the clinical context. Evaluation of blood flow pattern in the hepatic, portal, and intrarenal veins using bedside Doppler ultrasound to assess venous congestion is another attractive means to gauge fluid status in critically ill patients, though not specifically studied in those with ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309302-n6cd2fc3 author = Wang, Li title = Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5674 sentences = 318 flesch = 46 summary = In this review, we focus on the epidemiological characteristics, early diagnosis, patient management and mental health of lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. According to China's New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8), drugs with potential antiviral effects should be used early in the course of the disease, and it is recommended to focus on patients with high risk factors for severe illness patients. However, hydroxychloroquine or combined azithromycin is not recommended for COVID-19 patients base on China's New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8). In addition, convalescent plasma is suitable for patients with rapid disease progression, severe and critically ill patients base on China's New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8). According to China's New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8), Tocilizumab can be tried for patients with extensive lung disease and elevated IL-6 levels in the laboratory. cache = ./cache/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309370-g8d3w7it author = Insausti-García, Alfredo title = Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2083 sentences = 119 flesch = 40 summary = We believe that the inflammatory reaction and the coagulation alteration present in our patient due to Sars-Cov2 coronavirus may have acted as risk factors for the development of papillophlebitis. It has been suggested to result from idiopathic inflammation of retinal vascular and, possibly of the capillaries of the optic disc; however it is mandatory to work out a hypercoagulable state (hereditary or acquired thrombophilia factors), vasculitic syndromes, blood hyperviscosity, and other recognized systemic vascular inflammatory disorders. On left eye fundus examination, and color and red free retinographies, severe inflammation of the optic nerve head was observed accompanied by retinal venous vasodilatation and tortuosity, cotton-wool spots and moderate superficial hemorrhages in all four quadrants. 8 In addition to the respiratory tract infection and to these acute ocular manifestations, the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is associated with coagulation activation and a disproportionate systemic inflammatory response. cache = ./cache/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309125-ddgoc5yk author = Gavin, Blánaid title = Opportunities for international collaboration in COVID-19 mental health research date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1051 sentences = 53 flesch = 37 summary = This is surely an opportune moment for mental health scientists, practitioners, stakeholders and experts by experience to lead by example and to develop an International Collaboration in Pandemic Mental Health Science with the ultimate aim of making evidencebased guidance and resources rapidly and universally available to optimise outcomes for all [1] . Moreover, the dearth of translational research relating to pandemic mental health science has resulted in extremely limited practical, real-world supports being quickly available to guide frontline staff. As mental health-care providers and academics in Ireland, trying, with difficulty, to urgently highlight psychological and psychiatric issues of relevance in the pandemic while attempting to provide the much needed evidence-based guidance within extremely limited resources [9] , we urge collaborative, international action forthwith. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science cache = ./cache/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309194-jtouafgd author = Lu, Xiao title = Lung ultrasound score in establishing the timing of intubation in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: A preliminary retrospective observational study date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3668 sentences = 191 flesch = 46 summary = PURPOSE: To investigate the role of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in assessing intubation timing for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Lung ultrasound was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after patients were admitted to the ICU; if the patient was intubated, LUS determination was performed before intubation within 24 h (T1) and on days 1, 2, 5, and 7 after intubation (T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively).The goal of this study was to evaluate the severity of lung aeration loss in intubated and non-intubated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia by ultrasound at different time points within one week. Few studies have addressed the timing of intubation for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia due to the high mortality of patients treated with invasive ventilation. The patient's gender, age, body mass index (BMI index), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA score), and 28-day mortality rate were recorded; and the evolution of respiratory parameters between the two groups on time point T1 (lung ultrasound performed before intubation within 24 h) were also recorded. cache = ./cache/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309134-mxk8d9jd author = Zhou, Yongxia title = Cohort study of chest CT and clinical changes in 29 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3752 sentences = 209 flesch = 56 summary = The changes in the clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging features, lesion-to-muscle ratio (LMR), and pulmonary inflammation index (PII) at baseline, 1–6 days, 7–13 days, and ≥ 14 days were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Lung lesion development on chest CT reflects the clinical time course of COVID-19 progression over 1–6 days, followed by clinical improvement and the resorption of lesions. This retrospective single-center cohort study attempted to disprove the hypothesis that chest CT findings at follow-up do not reflect the clinical time course of COVID-19. According to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version six) of China [8] , the discharge criteria were as follows: (i) afebrile for more than 3 days, (ii) significant reduction in respiratory symptoms, (iii) acute exudative lesions with substantial improvements on chest radiograph or CT, and (iv) two consecutively negative COVID-19 nucleic acid tests at least 24 h apart. cache = ./cache/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309395-5yan9fcn author = Kazory, Amir title = SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3774 sentences = 201 flesch = 38 summary = 6 Due to lack of data on treatment strategies specific to more severe cases of COVID-19, available evidence on management of the critically ill needs to be extrapolated to the clinical features of this potentially fatal disease. 27 In support of this notion, Murphy et al reported that among patients with acute lung injury secondary to septic shock, those who received both adequate initial fluid resuscitation as well as conservative late fluid management (i.e., negative to even fluid balance on 2 consecutive days during the first week after sepsis) had the best survival rates compared with those who achieved only one of these goals or neither of the two. 41, 42 In the face of positive fluid balance during the de-escalation phase of sepsis management, one might consider earlier application of renal replacement therapy (RRT), especially in those patients with more severe volume overload, progressive metabolic alkalosis with diuretic use, suboptimal diuretic response or diuretic refractoriness, and development of oliguric AKI. cache = ./cache/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309138-44qpk2vf author = Khanna, Kanika title = Herbal Immune-boosters: Substantial Warriors of Pandemic Covid-19 Battle date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6385 sentences = 354 flesch = 43 summary = Moreover, AYUSH has recommended certain preventive and medicinal plants for prevention and prophylactic of COVID-19 including warm extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (advised for chronic fever), Andrograhis paniculata (advised for fever and cold), Cydonia oblonga, Zizyphus jujube and Cordia myxa (enhancing antioxidant, immune-modulatory, anti-allergic, smooth muscle relaxant, anti-influenza activity) and Ever since, has been elucidated that, PAK1 tends to cause cancers, viral diseases like HIV, Hepatitis, pappiloma, influenza, ebola, SARS and corona virus along with immune system suppression of hosts, henceforth, propolis would be quintessential in blocking COVID/coronavirus curbed fibrosis in respiratory tract and boosting the immunity of an individual (Maruta, 2014) . Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) From Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Molecular Docking Study Molecular mechanism of action of repurposed drugs and traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic review Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective cache = ./cache/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309360-cpis1l4u author = Barrios-López, J. M. title = Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association? date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 235 flesch = 42 summary = Results: The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. A recent study described the cases of 3 patients with COVID-19 who presented ischaemic stroke and antiphospholipid antibodies, in addition to elevated D-dimer levels and laboratory markers of systemic inflammation. 7 A recent study reported 3 cases of severe COVID-19 and ischaemic stroke; these patients presented antiphospholipid antibodies and laboratory findings compatible with systemic inflammation and coagulopathy. 19 In patients 1 and 2 of our series (Table 1) , the likelihood of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and stroke is high, as these patients presented laboratory markers of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability and the aetiological study found no evident cause for ischaemic stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309214-v2iqgjc4 author = Nougier, Christophe title = Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in sars‐cov2 associated thrombosis date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2628 sentences = 157 flesch = 41 summary = RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We observed two key findings: a high thrombin generation capacity which remained within normal values despite heparin therapy and a hypofibrinolysis mainly associated with increased PAI‐1 levels. The aim of the present study was to assess thrombin generation capacity and fibrinolytic activity of patients hospitalized for Covid-19 All patients received supportive management of the most common complications of severe COVID-19: pneumonia, hypoxemic respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, acute kidney injury, complications from prolonged hospitalization, including secondary bacterial infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, critical illness polyneuropathy and appropriate thrombopropylaxis with LMWH (enoxaparin 40mg OD if 50-100kg and 40mg BD if >100kg or fibrinogen>8g/L or D-dimer>3000 ng/mL) or subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (5000 UI BD) according to their renal status. Our data clearly show that the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis is lost in patients with infection, who present with a significant hypercoagulability associated with hypofibrinolysis associated with high PAI-1 and increased TAFI activation. In 17 ICU-Covid-19 patients without thrombosis, a much less effective fibrinolysis with a Ly30 of 37±35% was observed, which was in accordance with high PAI-1 plasma levels and elevated TAFI activation. cache = ./cache/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309315-3ojmmkwf author = Sugiyama, Yohsuke title = Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1065 sentences = 71 flesch = 48 summary = title: Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is ongoing pandemic. While a majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows asymptomatic or mild disease, hospitalized patients can develop critical condition, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Many patients of severe COVID-19 show hypercoagulable state and complicate with venous thromboembolism and atrial thrombosis. We herein reported a case of COVID-19 who developed cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) co-incidence with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Administration of unfractionated heparin followed by edoxaban treatment reduced the levels of D-dimer and improved his clinical presentation and thrombosis. We experienced a case of CVT and co-incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with COIVID-19 that was successfully treated with intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) followed by edoxaban. Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report cache = ./cache/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309478-yhmgopmr author = Jin, Ying-Hui title = Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4562 sentences = 223 flesch = 49 summary = title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey Results showed that they experienced psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline healthcare workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19. All 105 infected medical staff with COVID-19 in our hospital was invited, finally 103 cases agreed with the consent and finished our questionnaire was included for analysis (response rate: 98.1%), Table 1 presented their basic characteristics. Protective equipment should be upgraded in hospital at the onset of a new disease especially for staff conducting procedures involving close contact and caring for high risk patients. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care cache = ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309377-5pusd2pc author = Tran, Thi Phuong Thao title = Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6415 sentences = 373 flesch = 52 summary = To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government's prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic's progression. • On 1 April, Vietnam government enacted the Directive No. 16/CT-TTg on implementing strict social distancing rules nationwide for 15 d to prevent the spread of COVID-19. • Additionally, penalties of violations of COVID-19 prevention and control policies were imposed including not wearing masks in public places, concealing health status, opening non-essential businesses, gathering of more than 10 people, spreading 'fake news' and others [91] . The effective results of the epidemic control to date have been largely contributed by the MOH and their drastic efforts in delivering rapid and decisive responses on all fronts from research, prevention, screening to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309236-p4c2d5y3 author = Khurram, Ruhaid title = Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli in a patient with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2399 sentences = 126 flesch = 41 summary = We exhibit a case of a 64-year-old man with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia who presented acutely to the emergency department with tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. Routine blood test results on admission were as follows: haemoglobin: 129 g/L; white cell count: 11.2×10 9 /L; platelets: 538×10 9 /L; neutrophils: Following initial management for the tension pneumothorax, a repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion with a small residual pneumothorax, but with no mediastinal shift; peripheral ground glass airspace opacities were accentuated, in keeping with COVID-19 infection (figure 2). The chest drain was removed on day 3 of admission following the CTPA findings of iatrogenic pneumatocoele, and a repeat chest radiograph showed significant reinflation of the right lung with no residual pneumothorax. To our knowledge, we have reported the first documented case of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with both spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. ► Spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli are important coexisting respiratory pathologies to consider on a background of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309441-obojsf04 author = Pirau, Letitia title = Case Series: Evidence of Borderzone Ischemia in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who “Do Not Wake Up” date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2739 sentences = 143 flesch = 35 summary = We conclude that critically-ill COVID-19 patients with prolonged coma following sedation discontinuation may demonstrate imaging features of ischemic injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of documented sustained hypotension or hypoxia. In this report, we describe the clinical course, radiological findings, and outcome of two such COVID-19 patients, initially intubated for ARDS while neurologically intact, who demonstrated prolonged unresponsiveness following discontinuation of sedation, with evidence of borderzone ischemia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. An MRI of the brain scan performed 29 days following initial presentation demonstrated multifocal regions of hyperintensity on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) with a corresponding hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) borderzones (Figure 2) . Critically-ill COVID-19 patients who remain comatose for prolonged periods following discontinuation of sedation may demonstrate features of hypoperfusion injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of sustained severe hypotension or hypoxia. cache = ./cache/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309482-frawgvk7 author = Cook, T. M. title = Kicking on while it’s still kicking off – getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2666 sentences = 140 flesch = 51 summary = Together, these actions have enabled treatment of all those needing hospital care for COVID-19 and avoided the unfettered increase in mortality that would have accompanied an overwhelmed healthcare service. Meticulous pre-operative patient isolation for 14 days combined with antigen testing, that is, detecting viral RNA with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and ensuring no symptoms or pyrexia in the last week is recommended by many, and aims to deliver a patient who is not infected or incubating COVID-19. The prolonged, variable incubation period, the potential to infect while asymptomatic, unreliable antigen tests and extended duration of viral shedding mean that isolation and screening based on symptoms and antigen tests, while reassuring and pragmatic, will not guarantee a COVID-19-free patient. Repatriation of these key elements to their proper places in peri-operative pathways is a prerequisite to any return to pre-pandemic levels of planned surgery. Guidance for Pre-Operative Chest CT imaging for elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh cache = ./cache/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309521-2cb992u1 author = Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title = “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3039 sentences = 178 flesch = 58 summary = title: "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals' perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study" METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. Respondents were asked five questions regarding their trust preparation for the pandemic: whether they felt supported at their trust, availability of adequate facilities (specialist beds, specified isolated areas) to treat COVID-19 patients, availability of enough PPE, whether there was enough local guidance regarding the pandemic and if sufficient local training was provided. For "daily source of information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic", nearly half of the respondents (n=558, 55.41%) used multiple sources (daily hospital emails, news, social media, Gov.uk, friends and family and other health professionals) while a quarter (n=249, 24.73%) relied on daily hospital emails (Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309323-yflng8m3 author = Thomas, T. title = COVID-19 infection results in alterations of the kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism that correlate with IL-6 levels and renal status date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6928 sentences = 387 flesch = 40 summary = Metabolomics analysis also confirmed widespread dysregulation of nitrogen metabolism in infected patients, with decreased circulating levels of most amino acids, except for tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, and increased markers of oxidant stress (e.g., methionine sulfoxide, cystine), proteolysis, and kidney dysfunction (e.g., creatine, creatinine, polyamines). The current study provides the first comprehensive targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis of sera from COVID-19 patients, stratified by circulating levels of IL-6, and correlated to inflammatory markers and renal function. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 doi: medRxiv preprint described impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients (44), though they also described that progressive increases in disease severity, from mild to severe to critical, correlated with the levels of transcripts for JAK1, STAT1 and 2, interferon alpha 2, interferon alpha receptors 1 and 2, and interferon regulatory factors 1, 4, 5 and 7. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 doi: medRxiv preprint Serum levels of free fatty acids and acylcarnitines were significantly different when comparing COVID-19positive patients and controls. cache = ./cache/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309436-5qoo3a8i author = Balanzá–Martínez, V. title = Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1001 sentences = 61 flesch = 46 summary = From public health and preventative care perspectives, there is a pressing need to provide individuals, communities and health agencies with information and interventions to maintain the healthiest possible lifestyle while in isolation. Of note, towards the end of the SARS epidemic, social support, mental health awareness and other lifestyles changes (exercise, more time for relaxation and restorative sleep) were all associated with decreased perceived stress and incidence of PTSD (13) . It is time that such interventions start to include lifestyle guidelines with the aim to translate evidence into public health policies. Observational data on how the general public and patients with psychiatric disorders actually deal with self-care, nutrition, physical activity or restorative sleep during confinement are lacking and represent a research gap. Such studies would provide the much-needed evidence to design interventions to prevent a new pandemic of psychiatric disorders and cardiometabolic comorbidities as proposed by the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) initiative (19) . cache = ./cache/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309571-a0xu1d56 author = Aboughdir, Maryam title = Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5690 sentences = 288 flesch = 47 summary = With intensive care units operating at maximum capacity and such staggering mortality rates reported, it is imperative during this time-sensitive COVID-19 outbreak to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and/or myocardial injury. found that myocardial injury, defined by raised serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, in COVID-19 patients was associated with over 50% mortality rate [12] . In the study by Wang et al., 36 out of 138 (26.1%) COVID-19 patients were admitted to the ICU with severe symptoms, all of whom had significantly elevated serum cTnI and CK-MB levels (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to non-ICU patients [11] . cTnI provides remarkable prognostic value for patients at increased risk of worsening outcomes and in-hospital mortality, though studies have also shown the association of raised CK-MB and BNP levels with more severe symptoms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309333-lvcp8imi author = Fenichel, Eli P title = A cell phone data driven time use analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5386 sentences = 301 flesch = 56 summary = Here we build on prior epidemiological time use modeling (Bayham and Fenichel, 2016; Bayham et al., 2015; Berry et al., 2018) to adapt the common SEIR framework to a dynamic time use structure that enables differential behavior by health status in order to incorporate smartphone tracking data into a model of the COVID-19 epidemic for every county in the United States. In prior research, we developed an economic-epidemiological model based on a time-varying conditional proportional mixing structure (Fenichel, 2013; Fenichel et al., 2011) that enables physical distancing behavior to vary based on health state and respond to the state of the epidemic. Serological tests capable of identifying recovered and immune individuals (which are not yet available) are important, and the greatest benefits are in counties where getting recovered individuals back to baseline schedules reduces the greatest share of cases ( Figure 6 ) coupled with those counties likely to experience the greatest hardships from infection (Maher et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309418-dx6e0lri author = Segalés, Joaquim title = Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3135 sentences = 178 flesch = 48 summary = Several models for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been so far developed in animals, including Egyptian fruit bat, ferret, golden Syrian hamster, cat, humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice (hACE2 mice), and some nonhuman primate species (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . The clinical condition was finally attributed to a feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the animal was also infected by SARS-CoV-2. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in several samples of C1, all of them with Ct values over 30 (low viral load), and presence of antibodies (neutralizing and nonneutralizing) in both C1 and C2, indicated both animals suffered from a productive viral infection, probably linked to the exposure of the cats to COVID-19−affected owners. These experimental results, together with the few reports on SARS-CoV-2 detection in domestic cats and wild felids, indicate that felines are susceptible to infection by the novel coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309509-ftwpys3y author = Ondoa, Pascale title = COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1107 sentences = 55 flesch = 40 summary = AFTCOR has led COVID-19 testing capacity scale-up as one of the key objectives under the Africa joint continental strategy for COVID-19 outbreak. 2 The Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Intelligence Institute, which is also part of the joint continental COVID-19 strategy, provides training and resources to 16 AU member states to generate up to 2500 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences and will enable the submission of these sequences to the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data platform. PCR testing platforms' footprint within national disease control programmes, and the private and animal laboratory sectors offer an opportunity to make use of free testing capacity and sample referral routes for COVID-19 diagnostics. To address these challenges, Africa CDC launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing on request from AU heads of states, with the following key strategic areas: (1) organising all AU member states as one large customer and coordinating the continuous supply of test kits and commodities at a negotiated price and based on accurate forecast of needs; (2) decentralising COVID-19 testing through strategic planning that can guarantee laboratory quality, biosafety, and the establishment of robust sample referral systems; e104 cache = ./cache/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309582-ihrj84hr author = AlNaamani, Khalid title = Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4047 sentences = 188 flesch = 36 summary = Despite the dedication of enormous resources, the advancement in health care systems and collaboration between different investigators across the world, only a small number of patients over the last decade have in fact benefited from clinical research performed during different outbreaks of respiratory viruses such as was the case for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the HIN1 flu virus (swine flu) or the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. An example of unpublished results that need to be widely acknowledged because of a negative outcome leading to early termination is that of a Brazilian study (CloroCovid19 ) which was a parallel, double-blind, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial, which started on March 23, 2020, aiming to assess safety and efficacy of Chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309619-glb2y82u author = Domingo, Pere title = The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9353 sentences = 508 flesch = 40 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 lights the wick by infecting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and downregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang-1–7)/Mas1R axis. SARS-CoV induces the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 TACE TNF-a converting enzyme TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1 TLR toll-like receptor TMPRSS2 type II transmembrane serine protease TNF-a tumor necrosis alpha TRAF3 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 XCR1 XCL1 (Chemokine [C motif] ligand 1) and XCL3 (Chemokine [C motif] ligand 3) receptor production of double-membrane vesicles that lack PRRs and can then replicate in these vesicles [18] . COVID-19 patients have high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage SARS-CoV-2 infects primarily type II pneumocytes through binding to the ACE2 receptor. ACE2 = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; SARS-CoV-2 = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Ang II = Angiotensin II; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; AT1R = Angiotensin 1 receptor; ADAM17 = A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17; TNF-a = Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TMPRSS2 = transmembrane protease serine 2. cache = ./cache/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309668-5rytk13w author = Alsini, Albaraa Y. title = Tongue reconstruction post partial glossectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case report date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3281 sentences = 208 flesch = 52 summary = Key words: case report, partial glossectomy, artificial graft, acellular dermal matrix, tongue reconstruction, COVID-19 prevention [12] We believe uses of ADM for tongue reconstruction, as in our reports, may add a value in COVID-19 prevention as by minimizing the number and duration of non-essential hospital visits & stay post-operatively. Rhee et al, used ADM to reconstruct oral defects at different sites including the tongue in 29 patients and reported a success rates of 90% in an average follow-up duration of 8.6 months. Tahim et al reported five cases reconstructed by collagen scaffold material post partial glossectomy, and the results after 6 weeks were satisfactory in terms of restoration of function and healing. [9] In our cases, we used ADM for tongue reconstruction after partial glossectomy and consider it a useful alternative especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309378-sfr1x0ob author = Röst, Gergely title = Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10526 sentences = 585 flesch = 57 summary = COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. We incorporate various factors, such as age-specific measures, seasonal effects, and spatial heterogeneity to project the possible peak size and disease burden of a COVID-19 epidemic wave after the current measures are relaxed. Moreover, closing schools postpones the peak of the epidemic (by about one month in case of the above setting), suggesting that children may play a significant role in transmission due to their large number of contacts, even though they give negligible contribution to the overall mortality, cf. As control measures are being successively relaxed since May 4, we established an age-structured compartmental model to investigate several post-lockdown scenarios, and projected the epidemic curves and the demand for critical care beds assuming various levels of sustained reduction in transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309629-7jtnhn65 author = Thomas, Viju title = International society for gynecologic endoscopy (ISGE) guidelines and recommendations on gynecological endoscopy during the evolutionary phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4633 sentences = 306 flesch = 50 summary = We recommend, during minimal access surgeries, to use strategies to reduce production of bioaerosols (such as minimal use of energy, experienced surgeon), to reduce leakage of smoke aerosols (for example, minimizing the number of ports used and size of incisions, as well as reducing the operating pressures) and to promote safe elimination of smoke during surgery and during the ports' closure (such as using gas filters and smoke evacuation systems). We recommend, during minimal access surgeries, to use strategies to reduce production of bioaerosols (such as minimal use of energy, experienced surgeon), to reduce leakage of smoke aerosols (for example, minimizing the number of ports used and size of incisions, as well as reducing the operating pressures) and to promote safe elimination of smoke during surgery and during the ports' closure (such as using gas filters and smoke evacuation systems). did assess the risk of open and laparoscopic surgery to be the same provided the gas/smoke was evacuated safely and water lock filters were used or if gasless laparoscopy was performed [24] . cache = ./cache/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309728-7vfotgrr author = Johnson, Kristen M. title = Managing COVID‐19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid‐sparing Immunosuppression date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3202 sentences = 169 flesch = 36 summary = PHARMACOTHERAPY Volume **, Number **, 2020 We present the case and outcomes of a renal transplant recipient with SAR-CoV-2 treated in our hospital whose immunosuppressive therapy was managed with only a modest reduction in calcineurin inhibitor target trough concentration and antiproliferative dose reduction. We have described the case of a renal transplant recipient who was successfully treated for COVID-19 with supportive care along with steroid-sparing immunosuppression regimen changes that included dose-reduced antiproliferative therapy and a modest decrease in tacrolimus target trough level. [22] [23] [24] Finally, currently published cases of SARS-CoV-2 in renal transplant recipients have demonstrated variable results in progression of respiratory disease and survival when substituting higher doses of corticosteroids for complete cessation of maintenance calcineurin inhibitor and antiproliferative therapy. 8, 11 Conclusion It is difficult to compare and draw conclusions regarding optimal immunosuppressant management in renal transplant recipients treated for SARS-CoV-2 from the limited data presented in currently published cases along with significant confounding variables. cache = ./cache/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309706-kikx05dj author = MacDonald, Scott title = Implementing a 2019 coronavirus disease airway management strategy for a provincial critical care and ground transport program date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1554 sentences = 80 flesch = 45 summary = "The risk of respiratory failure requiring critical care support in patients infected with COVID-19 is significant." 1 Acute care provider teams in prehospital and hospital settings had to prepare for the arrival, management, and transfer of care of these patients. The Nova Scotia Health Authority "Airway Management Guidelines for Patients with Known or Suspected COVID-19 Infection" documents (three iterations) were shared, and EHS clinical leadership used the recommendations to guide prehospital airway pathways. The following time-sensitive issues needed addressing to ensure a safe and effective COVID-19 airway management strategy: Recommendations from the Nova Scotia Health Authority airway management document supported the use of an "indirect" Macintosh blade VL device and encouraged routine use of a bougie as a means of safely achieving a high first-pass intubation success rate. The EHS prehospital ground system additionally adjusted its airway management strategy for patients not requiring critical care transport or for whom Life-Flight cannot support promptly. cache = ./cache/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309608-oal60som author = Luo, Shihua title = Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 911 sentences = 64 flesch = 67 summary = title: Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) We present a case series of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection whose initial symptoms were gastrointestinal. We evaluated all 1141 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. 5 These findings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 suggest that the digestive system, along with the respiratory tract, may be a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and could explain why some patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-309608-oal60som.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309608-oal60som.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309590-8p7qp4it author = Anacak, Yavuz title = Changes in radiotherapy practice during COVID–19 outbreak in turkey: a report from the turkish society for radiation oncology date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1121 sentences = 52 flesch = 38 summary = TROD informed its members with regular announcements, produced guidelines for management of radiotherapy departments and recommendations for site-specific treatment modifications, and prepared a document to inform cancer patients about the do's and don'ts during the pandemic. The survey had 14 items questioning the number of radiotherapy personnel assigned in COVID-19 clinics, administrative changes in the departments, modifications to radiotherapy workflow, changes in the patient admissions and the statistics of COVID-19 infected staff and patients. 107 departments were in a pandemic hospital and a total of 213 radiotherapy staff (139 RO, 34 nurses, 7 RTT, 12 secretaries and 21 others) were assigned to the COVID-19 clinics temporarily and keep working at radiotherapy units as well. Table-1: Administrative arrangements and treatment modifications in radiation oncology centers of Turkey during COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author = Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title = COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5222 sentences = 342 flesch = 47 summary = The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309716-4wn3lx70 author = Wang, W. title = Thyroid function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3167 sentences = 196 flesch = 53 summary = In 7 patients with dynamic changes of thyroid function, we observed the levels of TT3 and TSH gradually increased and reached normal range without thyroid hormone replacement at Day 30 post-admission. The thyroid function in COVID-19, pneumonia patients and healthy subjects was compared, and its relationship with disease severity, interval time for negative conversion of viral nucleic acid, auto-antibodies, leukocytes, inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines were also investigated to uncover the underlying clinical value of thyroid dysfunction. The association between thyroid function and disease severity, inflammatory biomarker (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ), auto-antibodies (thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody) and interval time for negative conversion of viral nucleic acid were analyzed. Since SARS-CoV has been reported to infect immune cells, mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages [24] , we suggest that the extent of decreased lymphocyte levels may reflect the severity of viral attack and indicate the outcome of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309739-3smgv1ma author = Doyle, Andrew J title = Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1487 sentences = 91 flesch = 50 summary = title: Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience At present it has not been described whether there is an increased blood component requirement in patients with COVID-19 infection. Restrictive transfusion practice of red blood cells in critical care and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has similar survival outcomes to liberal transfusion practice (Herbert et al, 1999; Klein, 2013; Doyle et al, 2020) . Patients requiring ECMO have increased use of blood components particularly if they bleed (Doyle et al, 2020; Agerstrand, 2020) . Despite the increased demands of healthcare resources at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that the infection itself does not cause a significant increase in blood component use in comparison to previous data from critical care (Chohan et al, 2003) . This is in comparison 0.46 units per day in patients not requiring ECMO in critical care prior to the COVID-19 outbreak (Chohan et al, 2003) . cache = ./cache/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309711-x07odyxl author = Pereyra, David title = Routine haematological parameters in COVID-19 prognosis date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 625 sentences = 37 flesch = 48 summary = Although we agree with the clinical relevance, we want to point out that the ability of haematological indicators to predict disease severity and patient outcome seems to vary between cohorts. We analysed data from 210 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (inclusion criteria: admission to hospital, positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]; aged ≥18 years, not pregnant or breastfeeding) with available data on outcome (ie, discharge or mortality) who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Austria between March 3 and June 13, 2020. Outcome-specific differences in lymphocyte counts (p=0·44) and eosinophil counts (p=0·14) observed at admission also did not predict mortality of COVID-19, suggesting that these routine parameters might not show which patients are at risk for complications associated with COVID-19. The authors evaluated haematological characteristics and risk factors for classification of disease severity and outcome prediction for patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309644-cujlpm4i author = Sola, Augusto title = COVID-19 perinatal en América Latina date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3056 sentences = 315 flesch = 61 summary = Evaluar y reportar las características clínicas y los resultados de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos en América Latina. En este contexto, la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Neonatología (SIBEN) ha convocado a las unidades de América Latina pertenecientes a la Red SIBEN a reportar casos de mujeres embarazadas con infección por SARS-CoV-2 comprobada por RT-PCR con la intención de aportar conocimiento y experiencias sobre la COVID-19 perinatal en esta región. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y reportar las características clínicas y los resultados de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas y sus RN en América Latina. Concluimos que en esta serie de casos la salud de las madres y sus RN no presentó un impacto muy grave a causa del SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, la pandemia aumenta el riesgo de llevar a cabo prácticas clínicas no basadas en evidencia que atentan contra el cuidado humanizado y centrado en el recién nacido y su familia. cache = ./cache/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309733-x4crng5j author = Dhesi, Z. title = Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3631 sentences = 180 flesch = 42 summary = title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test COVID-19 ICU patients with clinically-suspected secondary infection at 5 UK hospitals were tested with the FilmArray at point of care. The programme incorporates an RCT, run across 12 UK hospitals, in which ICU patients with suspected hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) are randomised to have either (a) standard empirical therapy or (b) to have the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel test (bioMérieux) to support early treatment decisions (8) . The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in recruitment to the INHALE trial being paused and, under the exigencies of the circumstances, we developed an observational sub-study to investigate the utility of the FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for the diagnosis and characterisation of secondary bacterial infection in COVID-19 ICU patients. cache = ./cache/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309729-nd48uh8e author = Antunes, Adriane E.C. title = Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID- 19 pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4843 sentences = 216 flesch = 36 summary = Then, dietary strategies for the promotion of the gut microbiota, and thus the strengthening of the immune system associated with the gut, include increased consumption of fiber and prebiotics (Holscher, 2017) , and incorporating fermented foods (Marco et al., 2017) , and probiotics (Zmora, Suez, & Elinav, 2019) into the diet. There is scientific evidence about the ability of probiotics to promote gut immunity (Sánchez et al., 2017) and, for the moment, a modest evidence of their role in reducing the severity of acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTI) (Hao, Dong, & Wu, 2015) . In a context of impoverished and threatened intestinal microbiota, the consumption of home-made fermented foods (yoghurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kombucha) or the incorporation into the diet of commercial products containing probiotics and prebiotics, as food or food supplements, is part of a comprehensive nutritional strategy to enhance the function of the gut microbiota, to promote mucosal immunity and potentially upper respiratory tract immunity, to be potentially better prepared to face viral or bacterial infections caused by respiratory syndromes. cache = ./cache/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309809-zvh2k97q author = Knepple Carney, Amy title = Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3247 sentences = 202 flesch = 60 summary = DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Even in non-crisis situations, regardless of age, higher levels of global perceived stress heighten a person's negative affective response to stress (Scott et al., 2013) ; although, older adults in another study reported less of an increase in negative affect when faced with a daily stressor, compared to younger adults (Uchino, et al., 2006) . Consistent with previous findings on stress (Uchino, et al., 2006) , the current study found that when faced with a stressor, in this case a global pandemic, middle-aged and older adults may be better at regulating their emotions even when they perceive the stressor as disruptive. cache = ./cache/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309705-el5rembl author = Dantés, Héctor Gómez title = Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2688 sentences = 118 flesch = 37 summary = The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. cache = ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author = Chou, Roger title = Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1472 sentences = 95 flesch = 45 summary = Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and seroprevalence among high-risk health care workers and hospital staff Risk factors of healthcare workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in cache = ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309823-fwa6mpb9 author = Stergachis, Andy title = Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 960 sentences = 64 flesch = 46 summary = 3 Furthermore, pharmacists have demonstrated the importance of their roles as key partners to public health agencies by dispensing critical drugs and other medical products, providing patient care services, administering vaccines, and providing information to the public during pandemics and other emergencies. 4, 5 In this issue, Hua et al 6 describe pharmaceutical services in a large module hospital, that is, an alternative care site, in Wuhan, China, for treating patients with COVID-19. The pharmaceutical department of Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital established a pharmacy command structure that oversaw the design and implementation of the module hospital's drug supply, drug dispensing, quality control of medicines, and clinical pharmaceutical care. 10 Despite these few limitations, this paper provides the health care and public health communities with information that may be helpful when planning for medication-related services for alternative care settings. Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in module hospital under COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309799-fhkbcp7z author = Hwang, Yerin title = Diabetes and COVID-19: IDF perspective in the Western Pacific Region date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2778 sentences = 132 flesch = 46 summary = -Setting up separate inpatient COVID-19 screening "hot" wards that were separate from "cold" wards -Setting up special "fever" clinics, initially attached to a hospital but separate from other services, particularly emergency departments -Novel screening pathways with initially more than less restrictive criteria for screening: an on-line self-registration and self-screening tool, drive-through screening and rapid throughput screening, to allow hospital workers with mild symptoms to be screened and get back to work in 24 hours -Securing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), including from pre-existing national medical resources stockpiles and providing training on specialized techniques for urgent/safe gowning up -Suspension of non-urgent surgery and procedures in both public and private hospitals with graded reintroduction -Arrangements between State governments and private hospitals for the latter to take COVID and non-COVID patients, if and when required -Upskilling and education of appropriate staff in best practice in procedures such as intubation to minimize risk to health professionals -Call-up of, and short-term registration of, recently retired healthcare professionals and senior medical students -Limitation or suspension of face-face non-urgent medical ambulatory or outpatient services (including outpatient adult and pediatric endocrinology/diabetes services), with a provision of telehealth services that would prevent emergency department presentations/admissions. cache = ./cache/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309864-yzb3si3w author = Smeda, Marta title = Endothelial barrier integrity in COVID-19-dependent hyperinflammation: does the protective facet of platelet function matter? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1583 sentences = 85 flesch = 25 summary = 5 Here we suggest that the severity of COVID-19, increasing with patient age and/or the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, might also be associated with the impairment of platelet-dependent mechanisms preserving the integrity of the endothelial barrier. Indeed, platelet-dependent endothelium-protective mechanisms play an important role in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, 6 and might safeguard the endothelial barrier of the pulmonary microcirculation alongside COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. Based on the evidence supporting platelet-dependent mechanisms protecting endothelial barrier integrity in inflammation, it is tempting to speculate that increased microcirculation permeability associated with thrombocytopenia or prolonged use of antiplatelet agents and preexistising endothelial dysfunction of cardiovascular diseases may contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19-related ARDS. Therefore, it is fundamental to better understand how to dissociate the prothrombotic/proinflammatory mechanisms of platelets from those that protect against vascular leakage so as to be able to strengthen the latter pharmacologically to safeguard the endothelial barrier in the pulmonary microcirculation in patients with acute inflammation at high risk of a severe course of COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309826-xutv2x8p author = Baud, Grégory title = Chirurgie endocrinienne au cours et au décours de l’épidémie de COVID-19: Recommandations de l’AFCE date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2238 sentences = 219 flesch = 56 summary = Ces recommandations, rédigées par un groupe d'experts sous l'égide de l'Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne (AFCE), ont pour objectif de proposer des principes spécifiques de prise en charge chirurgicale au cours et au décours de l'épidémie de COVID19, pour les pathologies chirurgicales de la thyroïde, des parathyroïdes, du pancréas endocrine, et des surrénales. Plus d'un mois maintenant après le début de l'épidémie, il devient essentiel d'assurer la prise en charge des autres pathologies, non liées à COVID mais pour lesquels le report de l'intervention au-delà de la période épidémique pourrait aggraver le pronostic, notamment sur le plan vital. En cas d'hypercalcémie sévère, l'intervention doit être programmée en semi urgence, sans attendre la fin de la période épidémique, voire en urgence, lorsqu'elle n'est pas contrôlée par le traitement médical. Pour l'HPT secondaire, le traitement chirurgical n'est pas recommandé pendant la période épidémique, en raison du risque supérieur d'infection COVID chez les patients dialysés (24) . cache = ./cache/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309829-3dlfcy31 author = Parupudi, Tejasvi title = Evidence-based point-of-care technology development during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4774 sentences = 223 flesch = 44 summary = As learnt from previous viral epidemicsfor example, influenza (H1N1) in 2009, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the SARS outbreak during 2003 -rapid and accurate diagnostic testing with point-of-care technologies (POCTs) is beneficial in early identification [2, 3] . The need for rapid screening, triage and isolation of affected populations, the ability to monitor and stratify patients at home, in the clinic and in intensive care units (ICUs), and the associated decisions caregivers must take based on the test results underline the significance of POCTs. The WHO forum responsible for identifying immediate research needs and research gaps for COVID-19 recognized mobilizing research on rapid POC diagnostics for use at the community level and ensuring access to accurate and standardized diagnostics as one of the eight immediate research actions [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309886-j63cpzj2 author = Pacha, Omar title = COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17? date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1565 sentences = 78 flesch = 42 summary = For MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the severity of disease was shown to positively correlate with levels of IL-17 and other T helper 17 (T H 17) cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, TNF and IFNγ 1,6 . Here, we argue that targeting IL-17 is immunologically plausible as a strategy to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss why we think that a clinical trial of a drug in this class could be a logical addition to the effort to find effective therapies. Here, we argue that targeting IL-17 is immunologically plausible as a strategy to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss why we think that a clinical trial of a drug in this class could be a logical addition to the effort to find effective therapies. cache = ./cache/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310026-j418v75n author = Miller, Jemima H. title = Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1175 sentences = 75 flesch = 50 summary = title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients Hematology inpatients admitted between January 24 and May 23 (inclusive) for 2019 and 2020 were included in the study, a 4-month period from when the first patient with COVID-19 in Australia was admitted to Monash Health (January 24, 2020) and the equivalent dates the year prior to minimize effects of seasonal variation. The difference in infection rates was statistically significant for respiratory PCR (20.27% vs 10.90%; P = .01) but not for fecal PCR (8.00% vs 6.76%; P = 1.00) or blood cultures (3.27% vs 3.41%; P = .88) ( Table 1) . The percentage of positive respiratory PCR results was significantly lower in 2020 than 2019, when the hospital implemented changes in infection control practices and visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Appendix 1 online). cache = ./cache/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309981-4p3ybrn1 author = Dai, Ling-Ling title = Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 179 flesch = 43 summary = From February 23, 2020, to February 26, 2020, we obtained sociodemographic and clinical characteristics information of COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital (Wuhan, China) and assessed their mental health status and sleep quality. As with other infectious diseases, preliminary evidence suggests that COVID-19 also causes public panic and mental health stress; symptoms of anxiety and depression are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be associated with sociodemographic factors and sleep quality [6] [7] [8] [9] . This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality among 307 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China, 2 months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, using one-sample-tests, it was determined that both SAS (42.92±7.30) and SDS (39.77±10.11) scores of the participants of our study were higher than Chinese norms (SAS, 29.78±10.07, n = 1158; SDS, 33.46±8.55, n = 1340) (both P<0.001) [26] , indicating more severe levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients admitted to Fangcang hospitals, compared with the general public. cache = ./cache/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309830-3iztragp author = Zhang, Yang title = Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 624 sentences = 46 flesch = 57 summary = Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic Yang Zhang, MD, and Haiquan Chen, MD, PhD On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern. Since the early signs of COVID-19 may be masked by physiological changes following thoracic surgeries, thoracic surgeons should cautiously monitor their patients and also protect themselves from infection. Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis The global pandemic of COVID-19 brings challenges to thoracic surgeons. The global pandemic of COVID-19 brings challenges to thoracic surgeons. It is important to avoid unnecessary surgeries and to be alert to the risk of COVID-19 infection following thoracic surgeries. It is important to avoid unnecessary surgeries and to be alert to the risk of COVID-19 infection following thoracic surgeries. cache = ./cache/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309950-nutxlvmm author = Vieira, André title = Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2735 sentences = 151 flesch = 58 summary = To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods. For estimating total EM, we calculated the historical average and respective Standard Deviation (SD) of the number of daily all-cause mortality for the last 10 years, between January 1 and April 14. We considered Relevant Excess Mortality (REM) when the daily observed values exceed the estimated average value of deaths for each day plus corresponding 2 SDs or if they exceed the limits of the 95% confidence interval in the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. In the study period, 599 deaths were registered by COVID-19, so we estimate that the excess of non-COVID-19 Mortality (EMnC) was 615 deaths (1214 -599), due to other causes natural causes not directly related to the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310073-ncj500af author = Falkingham, J. title = Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemicin the UK date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3600 sentences = 158 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusions: The pandemic has widened the disparity of sleep deprivation across different groups, with women with young children, key workers and people of BAME heritage all experiencing difficulty in sleeping, which in turn may negatively affect mental and physical health and well-being. Table 2 shows that the prevalence of sleep loss varied according to a range of factors, including those associated with Covid-19 itself, i.e. having had symptoms that could be coronavirus and being a key worker, as well as factors associated with anxiety and stress from the lockdown -including having at least one child aged 0-4 or school-aged children at home, no partner at home, being concerned about current or future financial circumstances, feeling lonely and having a prior sleep loss problem. cache = ./cache/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309986-p7pqla6l author = Harkin, Timothy J title = Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2110 sentences = 118 flesch = 52 summary = [1] [2] [3] Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, typically done on naso pharyngeal (NP) swabs or, less commonly, samples from the lower respiratory tract, including broncho alveolar lavage (BAL). 5 Here, we present a man who developed rapidly progressive pulmonary disease and, following two negative NP tests, was diagnosed with COVID-19 on the basis of broncho scopic biopsy and BAL after 9 days of illness. Both the finding of acute lung injury in the area of lung affected at the onset of symptoms, and the positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in the BAL, support the diagnosis of COVID-19 to explain the entire hospital course. normal in the first 48 h (appendix p 1), serum and BAL galactomannan were negative, and the pathological finding of acute lung injury in the lesion was already present on day 2, which argue against this explanation. cache = ./cache/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309946-1j8ewpcf author = Jorge-Pérez, Pablo title = Recomendaciones en reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1813 sentences = 170 flesch = 51 summary = RESUMEN La atención a la parada cardiorrespiratoria en una situación de elevada contagiosidad, como la pandemia por COVID-19, puede condicionar una serie de medidas con el fin de garantizar por un lado, una actuación precoz y eficaz y por otro, una adecuada protección y seguridad de reanimadores, paciente y entorno. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP) de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, y tras analizar la situación actual, hemos decidido elaborar este documento con el fin de resumir de forma práctica las principales recomendaciones en el contexto de la RCP durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recientemente se han publicado algunas consideraciones sobre cómo atender a los pacientes con PCR durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de las que se pueden extraer los siguientes puntos clave 8 : -Identificación de la PCR: se debe valorar el estado de conciencia evitando la aproximación a la vía aérea. cache = ./cache/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309931-cpzp33b3 author = Zawawi, Ayat title = The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4183 sentences = 219 flesch = 48 summary = As lowand middle-income countries shift increasingly to focus on identifying and treating COVID-19, questions are emerging about the impact this shift in focus will have on ongoing efforts to control other infectious diseases, such as malaria. This review discusses how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in lowand middle-income countries might impact these efforts, focusing in particular on the effects of co-infection and the use of antimalarial drugs used to treat malaria as therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. This review addresses this gap in the literature by discussing how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in low-and middle-income countries might impact efforts to control malaria. Despite the CQ and HCQ treatment potential for COVID-19, the use of these two drugs could pose many challenges in low-and middle-income countries and not just in malaria-endemic areas. cache = ./cache/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310060-ymoxt1zq author = Liu, Fengjun title = CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4038 sentences = 192 flesch = 50 summary = This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Several biomarkers have been used to evaluate the severity of patients with infectious pneumonia and to guide clinical interventions, such as the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score [5] , as well as laboratory indicators including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactate level [6] [7] [8] . Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the capability of quantitative CT imaging features compared with traditional clinical biomarkers in predicting progression to severe illness in the early stages of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310042-9z8rkzq8 author = Aysha, Al‐Ani title = Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3471 sentences = 214 flesch = 43 summary = This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting. A significant proportion of IBD patients are treated with long-term immunomodulator/immunosuppressive therapy which potentially places them at increased risk of infections and associated complications. Practitioners and patients alike are therefore concerned about the risk and implications of COVID-19 infection in the IBD patient, despite a paucity of evidence supporting an altered predisposition to disease or more severe disease course. Despite concerns regarding immunosuppression and consequent predisposition to infection, there is no evidence to suggest increased infection rates of COVID-19 in IBD patients to date. 8, 9 Hence, expert consensus currently is that patients with IBD do not appear to be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. 2 • Reducing disease activitythere is evidence that moderate to severe disease activity increases the risk of infection in IBD patients. cache = ./cache/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author = Sasangohar, Farzan title = Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3250 sentences = 177 flesch = 44 summary = T he novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has resulted in an overall surge in new cases of depression and anxiety and an exacerbation of existing mental health issues, with a particular emotional and physical toll on health care workers. In this article, we share the lessons learned collectively by an interdisciplinary team of ICU leadership and collaborating scientists at the Center for Outcomes Research at HMH about the experience of occupational fatigue and burnout of intensive care personnel as a result of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors may have exacerbated occupational fatigue and burnout in ICUs. Given our overarching roles across various facets of the health care system and our first-hand experiences with the response, the "lessons learned" documented here provide a holistic overview of major system-level problems exposed by the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310105-a4fzp6bn author = Kamdar, Hera A. title = Clinician's Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2119 sentences = 130 flesch = 49 summary = CONCLUSION: Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients. The primary objective of this survey is to understand the changes in practices and policies related to acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is evident from our questionnaire that change in practices for acute stroke care including hospital transport guidelines and policies regarding interventional therapies may impact perceived stroke outcome or care. cache = ./cache/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309769-phi3re5g author = Weissman, Ruth Striegel title = Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19: A survey of researchers in the field date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5361 sentences = 226 flesch = 43 summary = your concerns about the current pandemic's impact on your future research program or career; and your thoughts or suggestions on how IJED and the eating disorders research community at large could support research during and after COVID-19." The invitation further specified that: the survey was anonymous; only one response was possible from an IP address (i.e., no multiple submissions permitted); and participation was voluntary, with all items being "skippable," yet completion of all items was encouraged. Of note, statistically significant differences (with a large effect size, d = 1.2) were found comparing respondents holding permanent positions versus those in time-limited positions on ratings of how concerned they were about the impact of COVID-19-related research challenges on their future career in terms of promotion and/or career advancement. Two, the research activities that were rated as most challenging or concerning because of COVID-19 included recruitment, data collection, and securing future funding, and our sample reported high level of stress experienced since onset of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309970-jkmjiika author = Liu, Qin title = From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3421 sentences = 187 flesch = 53 summary = On December 1, 2019, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China, and CoVs returned to public view. In this review, we systematically compare COVID-19 and SARS in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics and discuss the current treatment approaches, scientific advancements and Chinese experience in fighting the epidemic to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic. As the virus continued to spread, on March 11, 2020 , the WHO declared that COVID-19 is a pandemic disease, making this the first time that a coronavirus infection has been regarded as a global pandemic, in contrast to SARS in 2002, which did not reach this level. This paper summarizes the differences in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of SARS and COVID-19 during the two outbreaks, summarizes the lessons learned, and provides a comprehensive reference for the global epidemic prevention and treatment of reported in China and resulted in a large number of infections. cache = ./cache/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310149-8idvf79g author = Antinori, Spinello title = SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 927 sentences = 42 flesch = 51 summary = Initial studies carried out in China found that asymptomatic patients are associated with a 5% transmission rate [2] , but this figure was found to be as high as 42% in a recent northern Italian study, which supports the view that asymptomatic (or pre-symptomatic) subjects have played a major role in fuelling the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy [3] . Coronavirus testing centers such as those employed in China, South Korea and Israel have shown to be valid measures to contain the epidemic [5] However, although COVID-19 transmission by asymptomatic subjects is a critical factor for ensuring an effective public health response to the epidemic, the best method of identifying asymptomatic infections is still unclear. The decision not to search for SARS-COV-2 in people with mild symptoms and not to include them in surveillance programmes is at least questionable, particularly because the future relaxation of containment measures will require even more active surveillance in order to ensure the early detection of new cases or clusters. cache = ./cache/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309987-vvt1x151 author = Camacho-Rivera, Marlene title = Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3788 sentences = 173 flesch = 44 summary = Methods: We utilized data from a sample of 2190 U.S. adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey to examine associations between the presence of underlying chronic health conditions and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors (e.g., use of face masks, hand washing, social distancing, etc.). The primary outcomes for this analysis was participants' responses (yes/no) to the following questions: ''Which of the following measures, if any, are you taking in response to the coronavirus?'' Of the 19 options, participants were able to select all that apply: Canceled a doctor appointment; Worn a face mask; Visited a doctor or hospital; Canceled or postponed work activities; Canceled or postponed school activities; Canceled or postponed dentist or other appointment; Avoided some or all restaurants; Worked from home; Studied from home; Canceled or postponed pleasure social or recreational activities; Avoided public or crowded places; Prayed; Avoided contact with high-risk people; Washed or sanitized hands; Kept six feet distance from those outside my household; Stayed home because I felt unwell; Wiped packages entering my home. cache = ./cache/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310084-taaz6mhs author = Fatehi, Poya title = Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3006 sentences = 169 flesch = 53 summary = Factors such as old age, hypertension, diabetes, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, high inflammatory indicators, and blood coagulation disorders are the key agents in causing death and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 [1] . In this article, we report several cases of patients with coronavirus with brain disorders who have been admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. In the next step, due to frequent headaches and decreased consciousness, the patient underwent a brain CT scan by the order of a neurologist who observed the initial images and examinations (Fig. 2 ) of the hypodense areas in the left parietal area. Cranial CT scan imaging showed the areas of the hypodermis in the left parietal region of the brain (case 5) coronavirus according to the diagnostic protocols. Evidence from previous studies have indicated that patients with severe coronavirus disease might experience respiratory failure with an urgent need for artificial respiration, and other organ dysfunction [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310108-glikeowu author = Ghosh, Amerta title = COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 969 sentences = 78 flesch = 52 summary = title: COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes The current ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) is increasing worldwide and in India 1 . Here we report a case of acute pancreatitis in a patient positive for COVID-19. Only one other case of acute pancreatitis due to COVID19 has been reported from India. In these cases, associated complications of COVID-19 like respiratory distress and acute kidney injury were severe. 8 In a case reported from India a 29-year-old male with fever, abdomen pain, and respiratory distress was diagnosed with COVID-19 and also had acute pancreatitis confirmed on biochemical and radiological investigations. Acute pancreatic injury induced by COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient cache = ./cache/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310157-gzysuusk author = Piapan, Linda title = COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy) date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 731 sentences = 45 flesch = 63 summary = In Trieste, a north-eastern Italian province with 234 493 inhabitants, 903 of 4,216 HCWs in public hospitals reported contact with COVID-19 patients between March 1 and April 6, 2020, and were followed up to verify symptom onset. The COVID-19 spread in different wards and the time trend analysis of contact and case onset showed 4 major cluster outbreaks. The first cluster of contacts occurred on March 6, 2020, in Geriatric ward where an index patient without respiratory symptoms (one of the first cases documented in Trieste) was admitted: 72% of HCWs in the division were infected. Another two clusters of exposure occurred on March 10 and 11, 2020, in Internal Medicine I and II, due to the hospitalization of 2 patients not suspected to be COVID-19 positive at first (26% and 39% of HCWs infected). In the study period, infected HCWs accounted for 16.2% of all COVID-19 cases in the province of Trieste [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309930-zlzuoeh2 author = Zhou, Zhiming title = Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4232 sentences = 199 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20–91 years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Since December 2019, an increasing number of pneumonia cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and subsequently, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the globe [1] [2] [3] [4] . Hence, it is very necessary to systematically analyze the chest CT findings associated with this disease systematically, for the timely isolation, COVID-19 RT-PCR and respiratory care of patients, and early implementation of infection prevention and control measures. To fully understand and early discriminate the CT features of this disease in its early stages, we collected initial chest CT data from confirmed COVID-19 patients who did not receive any antiviral treatment mainly from Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital for analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310027-846vp7ii author = Ma, Lin-Lu title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4246 sentences = 245 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. We extracted the following information from registered studies: registration number, registration date, registration title, primary sponsor, funding source, study type, study phase, study objectives, study design, length of the study, intervention, countries of recruitment and research settings, recruiting status, allocation, sample size, participant age, gender, masking, the time and method of sharing individual participant data (IPD), data management committee. Among the 943 interventional studies, 416 studies (44.1%) explored the effectiveness and/or safety of drugs commonly used in preventing and treating COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), immunotherapy (including stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibody, immunoregulation), lopinavir/ritonavir, glucocorticoids, interferon, targeted therapy (Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Imatinib), favipiravir, and Remdesivir. cache = ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310123-h7i49pdb author = De Smet, Robert title = Frailty and mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: retrospective observational study date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3319 sentences = 239 flesch = 58 summary = ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the association between frailty and short-term mortality in older adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mortality was significantly but weakly associated with age (Spearman r = 14 0.241, P = 0.03) and CFS score (r = 0.282, P = 0.011), baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.301, 15 P = 0.009), lymphocyte count (r = -0.262, P = 0.02) and RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct, r = -0.285, P = 16 0.015). Therefore, the aim of this retrospective observational study was 42 to describe outcomes in hospitalized geriatric COVID-19 patients according to their age, degree of 43 frailty and place of residence. A recent study from Italy showed that in N=105 COVID-19 patients, frailty as 150 assessed by the fraity index was associated with in-hospital mortality or ICU admission, independent 151 of age and sex. In summary, we showed that age and frailty were significantly but weakly associated with mortality 190 among hospitalized older adults affected by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310117-19qsszns author = Huang, Yao title = Clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3703 sentences = 225 flesch = 50 summary = 2 7-9 We retrieved 2804 inpatients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in two campuses of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as Wuhan Tongji Hospital) and reported the epidemiological and clinical data of 17 inpatients suffering from systemic autoimmune diseases (AIDs), providing more information on this population and relevant therapies. We reviewed 2804 electronic clinical records at two campuses of Wuhan Tongji Hospital and extracted demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, comorbidities, clinical symptoms or signs on admission, chest CT findings, laboratory results on admission, therapies that were prescribed for COVID-19 as well as AIDs, and clinical outcomes for all 17 inpatients with systemic AIDs. All radiological assessments and laboratory testing were performed for the clinical care needs of the patients. This is a descriptive study on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic AIDs, and an extended report on the epidemiology of 1255 inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Tongji Hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310144-s25do8cb author = Lara-Reyna, Jacques title = “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3836 sentences = 227 flesch = 53 summary = In an attempt to slow the progression of COVID-19 pandemic, New York state and city governments enacted strict social distancing policies starting on March 12th, which included a progressive restriction and cancellation of non-fundamental activities, like the closure of schools, restaurants, bars, and business; as well as the cancellation of all elective surgical procedures. To assess these possible changes, we reviewed all neurotrauma admissions to our trauma center during the early COVID-19 period, and assessed changes in frequency, demographics, and mechanisms, in order to highlight any changes due to social distancing policies. 8 During this time period, we observed a decrease in the frequency of neurotrauma at the early phase after the strict limitation of non-essential activities in the city, compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Interestingly, transit-related neurotrauma, as well as TBIs related to violence (direct head trauma with an object) increased in frequency in the COVID-19 period showing significant difference. cache = ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310184-qth1y88o author = Alunno, Alessia title = Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2981 sentences = 143 flesch = 38 summary = Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Other immunomodulating agents like IL-1 or IL-6 inhibitors are only recommended in selected cases including the macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a subtype of sHLH associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and other autoimmune disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309983-lpawbk7s author = Rousan, Liqa A. title = Chest x-ray findings and temporal lung changes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4090 sentences = 245 flesch = 61 summary = Information on chest x-ray findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is still limited in the literature and the majority of the reports described the lung changes on chest CT scan. This study aimed to report the chest x-ray findings in 88 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and to describe the temporal changes of the chest radiological findings throughout the disease course. The most common chest x-ray finding in our patients was GGO in a peripheral distribution with bilateral lung involvement, there was a lower lobe predilection of the opacities, with the right lower lobe more common than the left lower lobe (70% vs. Also, in our study the presence of symptoms correlated significantly with abnormal chest x-ray findings suggesting that chest x-ray may be helpful as an aiding tool in the diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The total severity score decreased over time as the chest x-ray findings regressed at days 10-15 from onset of symptoms (n = 9) cache = ./cache/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310207-lfub6y5m author = Nanda, Satyan title = Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1314 sentences = 82 flesch = 51 summary = title: Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India OBJECTIVE: In this brief communication we report four cases of Covid-19 who presented to our hospital with features suggestive of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). DISCUSSION: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurologic damage are multifaceted, including direct damage to specific receptors, cytokine-related injury, secondary hypoxia, and retrograde travel along nerve fibres. One patient who presented with respiratory complaints and X-ray changes along with neurological deficits continued to deteriorate even after starting treatment for both GBS and Covid-19, and eventually succumbed to the disease. All our patients developed features of GBS, 5-10 days after the onset of Covid-19 symptoms, which is similar to the interval seen with Guillain-Barré syndrome that occurs secondary to other infections [9] . Atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19: a case of Guillain-Barrè Syndrome related to SARS-Cov-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310190-405m9bco author = Kim, Tark title = Strategical Preparedness and Response Actions in the Healthcare System Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 according to Transmission Scenario in Korea date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1731 sentences = 94 flesch = 42 summary = Depending on the epidemiological situation, each medical institution should systematically share the responsibility for patient screening, disposition and treatment according to clinical severity. Therefore, we suggest preparedness and response actions in the healthcare system against COVID-19 according to the transmission scenario in Korea on our experiences. The healthcare system of Korea is under a national health insurance system achieving universal coverage for all Korean citizens.The medical institutions are classified by the function, the number of beds and specialty departments as follows: public health centers, private clinic (<30 beds), hospital (30 -99 beds), general hospital (≥100 beds, 6 -9 specialities) and tertiary carehospital (≥500 beds, ≥20 specialities) [5] . In the situation from scenario 3 and 4, ARIC is dedicated to screening for COVID-19 patients, so that other private clinics ordinarily maintain their care. cache = ./cache/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310166-gt6icwul author = Yang, Xiang-Hong title = Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19(): Recommendation and consensus date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3128 sentences = 154 flesch = 50 summary = The basic principles of blood purification treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 mainly include the following: (1) removal of metabolic products such as creatinine and urea nitrogen; removal of various inflammatory mediators by convection, absorption, or plasma replacement; and reshaping of the immune homeostasis; (2) regulation of volume and correction of fluid overload to help maintain hemodynamic stability in critically ill patients; (3) correction of electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders to maintain internal environment stability; (4) control of high fever; and (5) combined treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for extracorporeal multiple organ support. Based on the above principles, the internationally renowned critical care experts Claudio Ronco and Jean Louis Vincent jointly published an expert review titled "Coronavirus epidemic: preparing for extracorporeal organ support in intensive care" in the focus column of The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12 emphasizing their position on blood purification treatment for severe COVID-19: CRRT is the most commonly used blood purification method in clinical practice, and for patients with severe COVID-19 with sepsis and ARDS, blood perfusion/plasma absorption treatment can also be selected to eliminate more inflammatory medium. cache = ./cache/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author = Wei, Wei title = Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3102 sentences = 225 flesch = 53 summary = title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). Both the clinical model and radiomics signature showed good performance in discriminating patients with common and severe COVID-19. Both the clinical and radiomics models showed good stability, indicating that the texture analysis was valuable for discriminating common and severe COVID-19 patients, and that the results were not due to overfitting. The strong correlation was found between inflammatory score and partial wavelet transform features and region size matrix GLSZM features (> 0.7), indicating that these image features are closely related to disease severity and can be used for clinical type classification of the COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310245-r1fd2kqh author = Lin, Chung-Ying title = Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2877 sentences = 165 flesch = 44 summary = title: Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia Methods Utilizing an online survey, a sample of Iranian young adults (n=1078 with 628 males; mean age=26.24 years [SD±7.41]) completed questions and psychometric scales concerning psychological distress, insomnia, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 misunderstanding. Therefore, collecting empirical data to study psychological distress of a population (such as the young adults in the present sample) during COVID-19 outbreak is vitally important, and will provide meaningful information for healthcare providers to design appropriate campaigns to promote public mental health. More specifically, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 misunderstanding, psychological distress, and insomnia are all relevant areas where information should be collected and investigated. Table 2 reports the mean (and SD) of the participants' levels in psychological distress, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 misunderstanding, and insomnia. cache = ./cache/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310165-xj025ruz author = Jones, Rodney P title = Would the United States Have Had Too Few Beds for Universal Emergency Care in the Event of a More Widespread Covid-19 Epidemic? date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6728 sentences = 352 flesch = 58 summary = Relatively low population density in over half of US states appeared to have limited the spread of Covid-19 thus averting a potential major hospital capacity crisis. This study will seek to evaluate if U.S. states had enough hospital beds to cope with a large epidemic across all parts of the country and will use a new method for comparing inter-and intra-national bed numbers to do so. In this analysis confirmed Covid-19 deaths were from Bing.com [5] , total hospital bed numbers include adult and pediatric acute care, plus maternity and mental health. In 2019 that US average was 191 acute beds per hospital (range 90 in Wyoming to 259 in New Jersey and Connecticut and 306 in New York) [32] The relatively low population density in most US states seemingly averted a catastrophic Covid-19 bed capacity overload. cache = ./cache/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310288-onr700ue author = Sciubba, Daniel M. title = Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3593 sentences = 210 flesch = 49 summary = title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying 19 spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical 20 comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource 21 limitations, and local disease burden. cache = ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310159-l9hfmmbc author = Chowdhury, Subhankar title = COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: dealing with the difficult duo date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3568 sentences = 171 flesch = 48 summary = Since there are a significant number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with unique concerns and challenges during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed existing literature, relevant websites, and related guidelines to form this narrative review to help address key questions in this area. While T2D and its associated comorbidities have established themselves as risk factors for increased hospitalisation, requirement of intensive care, and mortality with COVID-19, early anecdotal reports from global infection hotspots suggested that children with diabetes had a similar disease pattern compared with children without diabetes (less severe manifestations than adults) [23, 24] . On the contrary, a large population cohort study assessing the risk of in-hospital death for individuals registered with a General Practice in England showed that people with T1D had 3•50 (3•15-3•89) odds of dying in hospital with COVID-19 compared with those without diabetes which was attenuated to 2•86 when also adjusted for previous hospital admissions with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310115-uooszsta author = White, Ross G. title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial period of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adults in the UK date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1869 sentences = 106 flesch = 52 summary = Recruited over 2 weeks during the initial phase of lockdown, participants completed an online survey that included COVID-19-related questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the World Health Organization (Five) Well-Being Index and the Oxford Capabilities Questionnaire for Mental Health. 4 The current study, which is part of a programme of research aimed at tracking the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, investigated whether mental health, well-being and QoL outcomes in UK adults are associated with experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, being in a group vulnerable to COVID-19 (the question read 'I am classified as being in a vulnerable group in terms of COVID-19 (aged 70 or above, heart disease, lung disease, pregnant, etc)'), being categorised as an 'essential worker', experiencing COVID-19-related isolation and local community interactions. Participants who agreed that people's kindness toward others in their local area had increased since the COVID-19 outbreak (68.8%) had lower levels of depression symptoms (t(551) = 2.25, P = 0.025), and higher QoL (t(467) = −4.56, P < 0.001) and well-being (t(535) = −2.85, P = 0.005). cache = ./cache/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310315-w4rgjsbl author = Belhadi, Amine title = Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8480 sentences = 517 flesch = 46 summary = In seeking the answers to the above RQs considering the criticality of the infectious municipal WM generated during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper contributes to the development of a WM strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic by proposing a combined life-cycle assessment (LCA), life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, and AHP-VIKOR method to select a WM treatment technology under the effect of IVF environment. The significant selection of the most suitable treatment technologies for the infectious SW and WW during the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex MCDM problem that implies consideration of multiple numbers of alternatives and evaluation criteria (Wang et al. To help decision-makers in the African context ascertain the current challenges of municipal WM and devise a suitable infectious waste treatment plan, a combined AHP and VIKOR method under the IVF environment is proposed to evaluate and prioritize the infectious SW and WW alternatives from an LCC-LCA perspective. cache = ./cache/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310254-ko1sptzm author = Attri, Bhawna title = Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6392 sentences = 287 flesch = 49 summary = The aim of this article is to provide a practical guidance for the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. We provide a comprehensive review on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen, including its principles, rationale, indications, prerequisites, initiation, and dose titration, and also suggest targets for blood glucose control and different levels of capillary blood glucose monitoring. Various case scenarios are used to illustrate how optimal glucose control can be achieved, such as through adjustments in doses of prandial and basal insulin, the use of correctional insulin dosing and changes in the timing and content of major and minor meals. This review provides a practical guidance on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalised with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310293-0s7l0l4k author = Salman, Saima title = Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1481 sentences = 89 flesch = 51 summary = OBJECTIVE: To discuss the referral mechanisms established for safe and expeditious inter-facility transfer of COVID 19 positive patients to ensure their referrals through establishing proper communication channels. RESULT: The establishment of these groups has been successful in ensuring referral to and from The Indus Hospital to various healthcare facilities across Karachi using appropriate ambulance services. 2, 3 With Pakistan facing double burden of disease under normal environmental conditions and total expenditure on health just 2.6% of the Gross domestic product (GDP), the situation calls for a wise utilization of existing resources and prompt decision making on part of healthcare officials in Emergency departments (ED) as well as inpatient admissions. Keeping in mind the problems related to referrals of COVID 19 patients with our limited resources and challenges in Karachi, mobile phone and WhatsApp based groups called, "COVID unit Coordination" and a subgroup "COVID Karachi Daily updates", were established that became operational on 20 April, 2020, with six hospitals on board. cache = ./cache/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310228-bqpvykce author = Borkowski, A. A. title = Using Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Chest X-ray Diagnosis date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3193 sentences = 216 flesch = 51 summary = We utilized publicly available CXR images for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, pneumonia from other etiologies, and normal CXRs as a dataset to train Microsoft CustomVision. We then validated the program using CXRs of patients from our institution with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses along with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal CXRs. Our model performed with 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 97% accuracy, 91% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. We first trained the Microsoft CustomVision automated image classification and object detection system to differentiate cases of COVID-19 from pneumonia from other etiologies as well as normal lung CXRs. We then tested our model against known patients from our medical center. We have utilized a readily available, commercial platform to demonstrate the potential of AI to assist in the successful diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia on CXR images. cache = ./cache/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310304-f28tjmi8 author = Alcendor, Donald J. title = Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7719 sentences = 366 flesch = 41 summary = Maintaining glycemic control in COVID-19 patients is essential, as hyperglycemia could affect pulmonary function, the immune response to infection, and the development of the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm associated with more severe clinical disease ( Figure 1 ). Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 the ACE2 protein serves as the entry receptor for the virus and is internalized in the endosome with SARS-CoV-2 during membrane fusion and uptake by Hypothetical model of uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension and increased risk for complications due to COVID-19. Longstanding health disparities such as diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and pulmonary disease among minority populations in the US may serve to predispose these communities to SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk for clinically severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310465-2ahfxd9c author = Martinez, David title = COVID’s Impact on Radiation Oncology: A Latin American Survey Study date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2203 sentences = 141 flesch = 45 summary = Follow-up surveys will be performed to provide dynamic monitoring the pandemic's impact on radiation therapy services and adoption of ameliorating measures. Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American radiation therapy services has not yet been widely assessed. Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American radiation therapy services has not yet been widely assessed. Considering the region-wide existing deficit and centralized distribution of facilities, any threat to radiation therapy capacity in Latin America endangers patients' access to ideal treatment options. 9, 10 Knowing the current real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiation therapy services across the region might yield insights for cancer control policy. Despite tremendous variability in wealth and health care capacities in countries across Latin America, this survey identifies broad effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the region's cancer care systems. cache = ./cache/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310390-7pkbd3kg author = Han, Xiaoyu title = Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3174 sentences = 196 flesch = 56 summary = title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery BACKGROUND: To retrospectively analyze the evolution of clinical features and thin-section CT imaging of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 17 discharged patients. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the serial thin-section CT changes of 17 discharged patients with COVID-19, and to compare the progression trend of imaging pattern and clinical parameters. The standard for survive and discharge of patients was according to the guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-COV-2 (trial sixth version) published by the China Ministry of Health [22] , which include: temperature returning to normal for more than 3 days, both the clinical and chest imaging showing significant improvement, and two consecutive respiratory pathogen nucleic acid tests turning negative (the interval at least 24 hours). cache = ./cache/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310455-asu17dea author = Binkin, Nancy title = Protecting our health care workers while protecting our communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of approaches and early outcomes in two Italian regions, Italy, 2020 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4204 sentences = 221 flesch = 53 summary = Methods We used numerator and denominator data from public Italian government sources to calculate reported rates of COVID-19 testing/1000, COVID-19 cases/100,000 overall and for health care workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs, deaths per 100,000, and the percent of cases admitted to hospitals and ICUs for February 24-April 1, 2020. Discussion The community-based approach in Veneto appears to be associated with substantially reduced rates of cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and infection in HCWs compared with the patient-centered approach in Lombardy. In this observational study, we present the key elements of Veneto's community-based approach and compare rates of case-finding, number of cases, hospitalization, deaths, and health care worker (HCW) and non-HCW infections between Lombardy and Veneto. 10.20060707 doi: medRxiv preprint Health authorities in Veneto identified hospitals and convalescent centers that would care for COVID-19 cases, doubled the region's ICU capacity and obtained an adequate number of ventilators. cache = ./cache/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310534-ng6321hh author = Kaushik, Ashlesha title = COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management- Correspondence date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1385 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = We would like to commend the authors for a timely and succinct article on approach to management of pediatric COVID-19, providing essential and practical guidance to clinicians, and would like to comment on the management of COVID-19 in light of recent evidence, available studies and guidelines. The therapeutic approach for managing critically ill patients with Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/ respiratory failure centers around lung protection with low tidal volumes, high positive end-expiratory pressures and fluid restriction. A recent multicenter expert pediatric guidance panel has recommended Remdesivir as the preferred antiviral agent in children if available [3] . HCQS has been shown to be effective against SARS CoV-2 in in-vitro studies, considered relatively safe in children, and is also suggested by authors in the management approach. But in regions where Remdesivir is not available, either Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine (or Chloroquine) maybe used in children with severe disease (preferably as a part of clinical trial). cache = ./cache/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310594-i0586vfw author = Weemaes, Matthias title = Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2537 sentences = 136 flesch = 34 summary = OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. DISCUSSION: Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. During the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, our laboratory was the only SARSNotably, the large majority of our expanded work force (30 of the 38 additional FTE) was assigned to help with administrative tasks (sample reception, triaging, patient registration, result validation and reporting, and epidemiological studies), and not directly involved in expanding analytical capacity (i.e. PCR analysis) ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310650-8lhkiw9p author = Gamble, Anissa title = The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2088 sentences = 122 flesch = 46 summary = The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that significantly impacts people living with diabetes. Diabetes-related factors of glycemic control, medication pharmacodynamics, and insulin access can impact the severity of a COVID-19 infection. For those living with diabetes, digital health presents the opportunity to access care with greater convenience while not having to expose themselves to infection in an in-person clinic. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and significantly impacts individuals living with diabetes. If the use of virtual visits continues after the pandemic eases-as they are expected to [38] -it opens up a great opportunity to provide more timely access to not only physician care but services that are often scarce for those living with diabetes [39] . Figure 1 presents a summary of the challenges of COVID-19 for people living with diabetes and the opportunities of diabetes digital health to support them in this time of need. cache = ./cache/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310540-pnb8sr58 author = Novotny, J. S. title = Association between stress and depressive symptoms and the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3676 sentences = 246 flesch = 53 summary = Conclusions: This population-based longitudinal study showed that Covid-19 related measures had significant impact on mental health in a general population with the feeling of loneliness identified as the biggest risk factor. This hypothesis is further corroborated by recent position papers on the impact of Covid-19 on global mental health (19, 20) , which noted that large majority of studies to date reported largely cross-sectional data from different convenience samples, which do not critically measure changes in various psychological symptoms in response to Covid-19. The e-questionnaire consisted in demographic characteristics, response to how Covid-19 related government measures affected their daily life and habits, including their experience with quarantine and the use of personal protective equipment, their current medical status (in the Supplement pp [2] [3] [4] [5] and psychological questionnaires evaluating stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and illness perception. cache = ./cache/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310348-8iix257c author = Han, Jason J. title = Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees’ Perspective date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 486 sentences = 36 flesch = 53 summary = Ethical guidelines such as the one put forth in The Annals and tiered triage guidance statements for adult cardiac surgery [3] , congenital heart surgery [4] and thoracic malignancies [5] provide peace of mind and moral protection to trainees to allow them to focus on performing their clinical duties without becoming overwhelmed with many of the unknowns and unanswerables. We applaud cardiothoracic surgery leadership for their development of resource utilization predictions tools based on data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database to assist healthcare providers in making informed resource allocation 2 decisions and triaging cardiothoracic surgical cases. As we navigate the uncharted territory together, ethical guidelines, while they can never be absolute, provide some degree of transparency, strength in shared decision-making, and cognitive clarity to alleviate the potential moral distress faced by trainees and others in this defining public health crisis of our time. Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement cache = ./cache/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310555-nhnhst3f author = Morgan, Randall C. title = On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3471 sentences = 154 flesch = 41 summary = The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. 22 The 3-year initiative seeks to develop and coordinate a strategic and structured information network of national, state/territorial/tribal and local public and community-based organizations who will mitigate the impacts by 1 : improving the reach of COVID-19-related public health messaging 2 ; increasing connection to healthcare and social services 3 ; decreasing disparities in COVID-19 testing and vaccination rates; and 4 enhancing capacity and infrastructure to support response, recovery, and resilience. cache = ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310507-5h6egve4 author = van Doorn, Amarylle S. title = Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 238 flesch = 49 summary = Since December 2019, the world has been dealing with the outbreak of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in Wuhan, China. However, there is a growing body of studies in which SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool samples (including anal swabs) from COVID-19 patients. 11, 15, 16 This study aims to (1) critically assess the clinical relevance of testing stool samples and anal swabs and (2) provide a critical overview of the available literature regarding the faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We collected the following data from the eligible original articles: study design, geographic location, study period, number of patients, age, types of tested specimens, number of tested specimens, methods of the performed tests, duration and prevalence of positive test results in different specimens, disease severity, gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic results, specific evidence supporting faecal-oral transmission and remarkable patient/population characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310401-39jjedq0 author = Antwi-Amoabeng, D. title = Sociodemographic predictors of outcomes in COVID-19: examining the impact of ethnic disparities in Northern Nevada date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2711 sentences = 164 flesch = 44 summary = The underlying causes of ethnic disparities in the setting of COVID-19 remain to be established, but it has been postulated that social distancing represents a privilege of the dominant ethnic group; minority individuals are more likely to work essential jobs and live in multigenerational households as compared to their white counterparts [4, 5] . Additional patient-level data included age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic), income class (low or middle/upper), insurance type (Medicare, Medicaid, private, uninsured, or workers' compensation), and the presence or absence of a primary care provider. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112094 doi: medRxiv preprint Data on ethic disparity in COVID-19 have demonstrated significantly increased mortality among Hispanics as compared to whites [13] [14] ; this finding is puzzling in light of the demographics of the United States, where the median age for Hispanics is 27 years versus 37 years for the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310339-1e16yncy author = Maxam, Meshell title = Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2197 sentences = 117 flesch = 40 summary = In response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health-care systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. At JHS, the clinical and administrative leadership recognized early on the necessity for a comprehensive COVID-19 protocol and response team that could standardize communication, education, and preventive process measures across the diverse and complex health system. The document contains best practices and guidance for diagnosis, isolation, appropriate personal protective equipment for the care of COVID-19 patients, guidelines for transportation, diagnostic tests, investigational COVID-19 treatment options, a summary of ongoing clinical trials at our facilities, how to mitigate additional transmissions, and education for patients and families. As new data became available, including the National Institutes of Health updated recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients on April 21, 2020, the aforementioned stakeholders were involved in determining which investigational treatment options and clinical trials were available for the health system's patient population. cache = ./cache/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310661-hrvuhkq9 author = Patell, Rushad title = Incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3381 sentences = 198 flesch = 42 summary = OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cumulative incidences of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with and without active cancer at 28 days. Among 129 patients that received therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization in the non-cancer cohort COVID coagulopathy was the most common indication (n=99, 76.7%), followed by atrial fibrillation (n=24, 18.6%) and prior VTE (n=10, 7.8%). When analyzing key thrombotic events (lower extremity or upper extremity DVT, pulmonary embolism, or arterial events), the cumulative incidence of thrombosis at day 28 in the non-cancer cohort was 10.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 16.2%) and in the cancer cohort was 14.2% (95% CI, 4.7% to 28.7%, Figure 1B ). [28] A study that included screening for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized COVID patients, identified 2 occurrences of DVT among 16 cancer patients, which was similar to the incidence observed in the non-cancer cohort. In a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 we observed high rates of thrombosis and bleeding among patients with or without active cancer. cache = ./cache/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310561-67kp743f author = Shah, Akshay title = Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 970 sentences = 70 flesch = 52 summary = Therefore, we sought to characterise iron parameters, including serum iron, in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and relate these to disease severity. We retrospectively evaluated any serum iron profiles that were measured in critically ill patients with COVID-19 within 24 h of admission to the ICU, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, between March 31, 2020, and April 25, 2020. Our data suggest that serum iron may be a useful biomarker for identifying disease severity in COVID-19, whilst also being a potential therapeutic target. Serum iron was lower when compared with other cohorts of non-COVID-19 ICU patients reported previously, including those with sepsis [4] . Abbreviations: APACHEII Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, CRP C-reactive protein, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation Fig. 1 Associations between markers of iron status, lymphocyte count and severity of hypoxemia. cache = ./cache/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310457-l3d1dc93 author = Robinson, A. J. title = A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3089 sentences = 200 flesch = 56 summary = The authors present an easily manufactured modification of the Getinge Group Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machine that gives it potential to be used long-term as an Intensive Care ventilator for emergency circumstances. The authors believe this modification has potential as a solution to increasing ventilator numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic, in hospitals where the Flow-i is underutilised for its designed purpose during this emergency. This makes Flow-i low flow undesirable for longer term use in COVID-19, as decanting will require loss of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) and increase potential for aerosol contamination with viral particles. In order to avoid the circuit rainout issue, the machine could be used in high flow modeand used as a total loss system like an ICU ventilator by setting the Fresh Gas Flow (FGF) above Minute Volume and thus allowing all unused air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from cellular respiration to be vented to atmosphere or AGS. cache = ./cache/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310636-y7n22ykt author = Garcia-Beltran, W. F. title = COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10879 sentences = 545 flesch = 47 summary = A quantitative ELISA that measures IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and a high-throughput neutralization assay using lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 and WIV1-CoV were developed to assess neutralization potency and cross-neutralizing responses. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of this assay by assessing anti-RBD antibody levels in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient serum samples collected between 14 to 42 days after symptom onset ( n = 85) in order to maximize seropositivity for IgG, IgM, and IgA. Anti-RBD IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were measured for each sample by interpolation on to the standard curve and a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determined optimal cut-offs that distinguished SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from pre-pandemic controls ( Figure 2C ). However, a principle components analysis (PCA) that included demographic data, pre-existing medical conditions, laboratory data, treatments received, anti-RBD antibody levels and neutralization titers but not clinical outcomes demonstrated clustering of patients by the severity cohorts ( Figure 4A ). cache = ./cache/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310738-fnsf2qqm author = Yalcin Bahat, Pinar title = Micronutrients in COVID-19 Positive Pregnancies date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2606 sentences = 153 flesch = 52 summary = The aim of this study was to measure serum 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc levels in COVID-19 positive pregnant women to evaluate the role of these micronutrients in treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to measure serum 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc levels in COVID-19 positive pregnant women to evaluate the role of these micronutrients in the prevention and to evaluate the possible cause between the blood levels of micronutrients and the COVID-19 infection. Pregnant women whose PCR test was positive for COVID-19, pregnancies older than eight weeks of gestation, and women who did not receive any antibacterial or antiviral treatment during the past three months or did not receive any 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc supplements during their pregnancy were included in the study. Additionally, it has been shown that serum zinc levels correlate positively with better immune response in pregnant women against infections [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310539-8zk3hkgj author = Barengolts, Elena title = PERSEVERE OR PERIL: DIABETES CARE IN TIMES OF COVID-19 date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1934 sentences = 90 flesch = 47 summary = The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) places diabetes in a category of high risk for COVID-19: "Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk for developing more serious complications from COVID-19 illness (3) ." A study by Wang et al (5) provided a retrospective analysis of the clinical course for 28 consecutive patients with diabetes, admitted for confirmed COVID-19 to the hospital in Wuhan, China. In a small series of cases (5), HbA1c was similar in ICU and non-ICU patients, suggesting that diabetes control prior to infection did not influence the severity of the COVID-19 course. The antiviral combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (both protease inhibitors) previously shown to be effective for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and not for COVID-19 is evaluated in multi-ple studies (7) . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310697-zszexapf author = Morlacco, Alessandro title = The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2039 sentences = 86 flesch = 43 summary = As we are in the midst of the pandemic, every urology centre is experiencing this situation with different intensities, according to the local policies surrounding COVID-19 management and testing, the prevalence of the virus in their location and the other health-care provisions available in their region. In Padova, new health-care policies issued by the regional administration on 13 March cancelled all non-urgent outpatient visits and strongly limited the availability of operating rooms and ICU beds for any kind of elective surgery 2 . A certain number of the patients ordinarily sent for urgent in-hospital consult could in fact be effectively evaluated (and, in some cases, treated) by their primary care provider. An agenda of patient-centred policies, together with rigorous and well-conducted research into the virus itself and the effect of altered or delayed procedures in urology will be necessary to overcome both old and new clinical problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310623-zbjgr9jk author = Ellington, Sascha title = Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2985 sentences = 160 flesch = 45 summary = These findings suggest that among women of reproductive age with COVID-19, pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized and at increased risk for ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation compared with nonpregnant women, but their risk for death is similar. These findings suggest that among women of reproductive age with COVID-19, pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized and at increased risk for ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation * https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html. In contrast, however, ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation are distinct proxies for illness severity (8) , and after adjusting for age, presence of underlying conditions, and race/ethnicity, the risks for both (N = 91,412) , by pregnancy status, age group, and race/ethnicity, and relative risk for these outcomes comparing pregnant women to nonpregnant women aged 15-44 years -United States, January 22-June 7, 2020 Among reproductive-age women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, pregnancy was associated with hospitalization and increased risk for intensive care unit admission, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, but not with death. cache = ./cache/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310605-r63sg73c author = Dorward, D. A. title = Tissue-specific tolerance in fatal Covid-19 date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4482 sentences = 256 flesch = 39 summary = Here we report an aberrant immune response in fatal Covid-19, principally involving the lung and reticuloendothelial system, that is not clearly topologically associated with the virus, indicating tissue-specific tolerance of SARS-CoV-2. This supports prioritising pathogen tolerance as a therapeutic strategy in Covid-19, by better understanding non-injurious organ-specific viral tolerance mechanisms and targeting aberrant macrophage and plasma cell responses. As analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA confirmed presence in numerous organs, detailed histological analysis of multiple tissues was undertaken on every patient to determine the associated pathological consequences and inflammatory responses. The present study shows that fatal Covid-19 is associated with variable but widespread distribution of viral RNA and protein but with a discordant inflammatory response to local viral presence, both between and within tissues, demonstrating tissue-specific tolerance of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310779-4puiao40 author = Mehta, Pooja title = Telehealth and Nutrition Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2357 sentences = 169 flesch = 57 summary = After doing so, we measured the effects of type of education (in-person versus telehealth) 89 on patient gluten-free diet knowledge, health-related quality of life, and diet adherence at their 90 first follow-up visit post the diagnosis of celiac disease. Thus it is not surprising that slow 111 internet connection and poor connection to wireless networks negatively impacts communication 112 between health care providers and patients during telehealth visits. 35 Under our current extraordinary circumstances, the federal government is also 129 making telehealth even easier by allowing covered health care providers subject to HIPAA Rules 130 to communicate with patients in ways that may not fully comply with the requirements of 131 In times of natural disasters, successful responses and preparedness has been associated 161 with ensuring that structures such as people, equipment, systems, administrators, and legal 162 organizations are already in place to respond effectively. cache = ./cache/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310762-3clh1zv6 author = Azanza Ricardo, C. L. title = The Risk of Lifting COVID-19 Confinement in Mexico date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1715 sentences = 103 flesch = 58 summary = In this paper, we projected different scenarios to evaluate sharp or gradual quarantine lifting strategies, however, even in the hypothetical scenario that Mexico would continue with full confinement, hospitals would be reaching the maximum capacity of hospital bed occupancy. Assuming the most optimistic scenario by our predictions, the smallest number of new COVID-19 cases, Mexico would require at least a 3 fold increase in hospital capacities dedicated for COVID-19. which is the peak infection phase, the central problem of pandemic surveillance is not to monitor the growth of In this work, we fit a derivation of the SEIR model for COVID-19 14 using data of the COVID-19 epidemic 30 in Mexico 12 as well as its public health capacities and demographic conditions 11 . With the progressing of information of COVID-19 pandemic as well as new data of infected cases in Mexico, 156 our predictions would be more accurate and hopefully less drastic scenarios. cache = ./cache/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310405-7fah22nu author = Mathur, Sachin title = Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3067 sentences = 181 flesch = 54 summary = title: Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being Methods: An enhanced ACS (eACS) model of care is described with the aim of limiting COVID-19 healthcare worker and patient cross-infection as well as providing 24/7 management of emergency general surgical (GS) and trauma patients. Conclusion: In healthcare systems not overwhelmed by COVID-19, an eACS model may assist in preserving psychological well-being for healthcare staff whilst providing 24/7 care for emergency GS and trauma patients. Unlike elective surgery, ACS cases cannot be cancelled during the pandemic and without appropriate strategies, ACS patients will compete for precious hospital resources such as acute ward beds, radiological tests and personal protective equipment (PPE). This study describes the changes made to enhance our system (eACS) to primarily safeguard against the risk of COVID-19 transmission to staff and patients, efficiently manage hospital resources and provide round the clock care. cache = ./cache/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310740-7dong29x author = Alkeridy, Walid A. title = Reply to: Neurological, Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders During COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 622 sentences = 55 flesch = 36 summary = Possibly, the mechanism proposed by Annweiler et al 1 pertaining to the nitric oxide track could explain the rapid improvement in our patient's cognition following just a brief period of supportive management. [3] [4] [5] In fact, nitric oxide has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium and cognitive impairment. 6, 7 Whether the nitric oxide track will prove to have a central role in the acute manifestations of COVID-19related cognitive impairment remains to be seen. 7 We propose that the underlying mechanism of COVID-19 central nervous system manifestation or delirium depends on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 activated molecular pathways and the individual related factors, including age, COVID-19 severity, individual's underlying genetic susceptibility, vascular risk factors, premorbid cognitive function, use of certain medication, and comorbidities. 8 We propose possible mechanisms of COVID-19related cognitive dysfunction (Table 1) , which could help researchers in studying the specific pathways associated with each possible mechanism. cognitive and behavioral disorders during COVID-19: the nitric oxide track cache = ./cache/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310769-y6orh217 author = Zaman, A. title = The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6611 sentences = 329 flesch = 49 summary = title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study Objective: The goal of this study is to examine, among college students in the United States, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. Conclusions: The results suggested strong discrepancies between college student groups with and without deteriorating mental health conditions in terms of behavioral changes in Google Search and YouTube usages during the COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. cache = ./cache/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310753-sv88b0dt author = Marks, M. title = Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3585 sentences = 210 flesch = 56 summary = By the time of performing this search, various 57 authors had reported on retrospective analyses of clusters of index cases and their corresponding contacts, 58 as well as series of patients who developed symptomatic Covid-19 disease after PCR positive result. The objective of this study was to evaluate transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of a trial 109 of post-exposure prophylaxis and evaluate the influence of baseline variables-including viral load of the 110 index cases and exposed contacts-to transmission, development of symptomatic disease, and the 111 incubation period. Also, after excluding 215 contacts who were PCR positive at the first study visit, we found no association between the viral load of 216 the index case and the time to onset of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 1.01 95% CI 0.83-1.23). cache = ./cache/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310691-6danlh8h author = Ma, Simin title = Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2297 sentences = 149 flesch = 57 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China Our results further confirmed that co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more severe cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients, leading to serious complications such as shock, ARDS, fulminant myocarditis, acute kidney injure or multiple organ failure (Cao 2020; Ruan et al. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus may lead to a much earlier occurrence of the cytokine storm and organ damage in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The submission of manuscript entitled "Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China" to "International Journal of Infectious Diseases" for publication has been approved by all of the authors and by the institution where the work was carried out. cache = ./cache/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310862-53g4hjtp author = DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title = Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 853 sentences = 51 flesch = 43 summary = For listed patients who are hospitalized without a strict contraindication to durable left ventricular assist device implantation, left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant may be a viable strategy to get at-risk patients home and out of the hospital, minimizing their exposure to COVID-19. Important organ procurement organization measures in the United States include expansion of the Uniform Donor Risk Assessment Interview, which now includes targeted questions on exposure to COVID-19. If donors test positive for COVID-19, their organs should not be used for transplant, although they could be considered for scientific purposes to better understand the effects of the virus on the myocardium. 3 For patients who require HT during this pandemic, rapid polymerase chain reaction testing to exclude community-or hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection is required, and extra precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk of postoperative exposure. First cases of COVID-19 in heart transplantation from China cache = ./cache/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310857-i9v9antx author = Blaisdell, Laura L. title = Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission — Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June–August 2020 date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2583 sentences = 133 flesch = 47 summary = The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020.* Shortly thereafter, closures of 124,000 U.S. public and private schools affected at least 55.1 million students through the end of the 2019-20 school year.† During the summer of 2020, approximately 82% of 8,947 U.S. overnight camps did not operate.§ In Maine, only approximately 20% of 100 overnight camps opened.¶ An overnight camp in Georgia recently reported SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission among campers and staff members when nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were not strictly followed (1); however, NPIs have been successfully used to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among military basic trainees (2). During June-August 2020, four overnight camps in Maine implemented several NPIs to prevent and mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including prearrival quarantine, preand postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, use of face coverings, physical distancing, enhanced hygiene measures, cleaning and disinfecting, and maximal outdoor programming. To prevent, identify, and mitigate spread of COVID-19, four Maine overnight summer camps with similar size, session duration, and camper and staff member characteristics opened with uniform NPIs, including precamp quarantine, pre-and postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, and physical distancing between cohorts. cache = ./cache/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310868-rqmny4r2 author = Tesfaye, Wubshet title = How Do We Combat Bogus Medicines in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2862 sentences = 157 flesch = 39 summary = 15 For the Global South, the pandemic exacerbates the existing proliferation of substandard and falsified medical products, and these trends are likely to continue as effective drugs continue to emerge from ongoing trials. The WHO defines substandard products as "authorized medical products that fail to meet quality standards or specifications, or both" and falsified products as "products that deliberately/ fraudulently misrepresent identity, composition, or source." 16 Considering less than 30% of regulatory agencies in the world can ensure the adequacy of medicines and vaccines, 17 pandemics of COVID-19 proportion would inevitably present enormous regulatory challenges. There is a risk that when the COVID-19 pandemic further spreads in LMICs, there will be an increased potential for the distribution of falsified and counterfeit medicines, something the international community needs to be alert to and work against. In meeting these needs, governments, pharmaceutical regulatory agencies, and associate supply chains must have practical and financially supported strategies to ensure quality-assured medicines are made available for the determined need. cache = ./cache/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310891-yfouizjb author = Korada, Sai Krishna C. title = Management of COVID-19 in a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipient: A Continuity of Care Perspective date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1865 sentences = 127 flesch = 44 summary = Though the severe respiratory clinical manifestations of this disease have been well reported, the data regarding cardiovascular presentations and outcomes of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 are rapidly emerging. 2 This report describes the clinical course of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipient with acute COVID-19 infection from initial hospital admission to outpatient management. This includes a relatively benign clinical course in a patient with multiple co-morbidities, probably due to immunomodulatory effect of LVAD support. Management of COVID-19 infection has largely been guided by standard respiratory care, case reports, expert opinion, small randomized clinical trials, and prior experience with SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and H1N1. We describe a unique case of a patient mild COVID-19 infection on LVAD support. However, prompt diagnosis, supportive care, and close follow-up are vital in the management of LVAD recipients with COVID-19 infection. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Patient on Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Support cache = ./cache/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310902-cfci8lef author = Freites Nuñez, Dalifer D title = Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3986 sentences = 226 flesch = 44 summary = 1 Since the confirmation of the first patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain in January 2020, the current COVID-19 outbreak has had a considerable impact, especially in the Madrid region, where the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases has been recorded, with more than 41 304 patients admitted to the hospital until the first week of May. 2 The incidence and severity of COVID-19 disease seem to be higher in patients with risk factors, such as advanced age and associated comorbidities, mainly hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and previous respiratory diseases. ► Patients with an autoimmune systemic condition have a higher risk of hospital admission related to COVID-19 compared with those with chronic inflammatory arthritis. Older age, systemic autoimmune conditions (vs chronic inflammatory arthritis) (OR: 2.65; 95% CI 1.22-5.7, p=0.014), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, heart disease and glucocorticoids were associated with statistically significant greater risk of admission to the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author = Peck, Jessica L. title = COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5786 sentences = 307 flesch = 46 summary = Other populations at significant risk include older adults (> 65 years of age), persons with underlying medical conditions (e.g., asthma, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease), persons with immunocompromise, persons with severe obesity (body mass index >40), persons with diabetes, persons undergoing dialysis, and persons residing in long-term care or nursing homes (CDC, 2020c) . Ideal PPE when caring for a patient with known or suspected COVID-19 infection includes: a new N-95 mask, gown, medical grade gloves, and eye covers and/or a face shield (CDC, 2020b). Recommendations for families include: 1) supporting children as they ask questions about the pandemic, 2) close monitoring of child health and well-being with prompt contact of primary healthcare providers if changes are noticed, and 3) continuing to seek care in-person or using telehealth to maintain well visits and immunization schedules while receiving anticipatory guidance and necessary screenings. cache = ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310809-z0isuuui author = Simpson, Alexander I. F. title = Management of COVID-19 Response in a Secure Forensic Mental Health Setting date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3556 sentences = 176 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents major challenges to places of detention, including secure forensic hospitals. We experienced outbreaks of COVID-19 on two secure forensic units with 13 patients and 10 staff becoming positive. Policy changes can help isolate forensic populations from the community spread of infection but the ability to maintain effective social distancing within the institution may be limited, reducing the ability to control the spread of COVID-19 within such settings. The purpose of this article is to describe the approach taken by a 182-bed forensic program within a large psychiatric facility to plan for and manage the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. The first concern about COVIDþ status within the forensic program was on March 23 when a staff member became unwell on a 20-bed medium secure unit. On a second medium secure unit, a 28-bed acute admitting unit, a patient became symptomatic on March 30 and returned a positive COVID-19 test on April 1. cache = ./cache/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310961-e1mb7uuh author = Nouvenne, Antonio title = Point-of-care chest ultrasonography as a diagnostic resource for COVID-19 outbreak in nursing homes date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1157 sentences = 60 flesch = 43 summary = This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a chest ultrasound screening program in nursing homes for detecting coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related pneumonia and improving the appropriateness of hospital referral of residents. Conclusions and implications In nursing home residents, screening of COVID-19 pneumonia with bedside chest ultrasonography is feasible and may represent a valid diagnostic aid for an early detection of COVID-19 outbreaks and adequate patient management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a chest ultrasound program for the 60 screening of COVID-19 in a group of Italian nursing homes located in the same district in Northern 61 Italy, and to describe its impact on patient management. Overview of demographic, clinical and ultrasound data of the 83 nursing home residents that were screened for COVID-19 by chest ultrasonography. cache = ./cache/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310998-zchtu6cm author = Kalash, Danny A. title = How COVID-19 Deepens Child Oral Health Inequities date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1331 sentences = 82 flesch = 50 summary = Well before the coronavirus, U.S. children in poverty, from low-income families, or racial and ethnic minorities, overrepresented our national dental disease burden. 3 When compounded with social barriers, the chronic and cumulative consequences of child oral disease contribute to wider health inequities through the life course. 5 By abruptly pausing the provision of child dental care, COVID-19 adds delays to time-sensitive treatment, worsens the status of already significant decay, and further overburdens our previously strained dental safety net including community health centers, federally qualified health centers, and hospitals. 6 COVID-19's spread refocuses our attention to those social inequities, perpetuated by deficient federal and state policies, which carry both direct and unintended consequences for child oral health. This forces families to prioritize only absolute necessities -like food, shelter, and utilities -and neglect or delay other expenses, including parent or child oral health care or hygiene supplies. Dr. Kalash did not report any disclosures. cache = ./cache/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310776-4iqu18gi author = Supady, Alexander title = Extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as an alternative to pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 546 sentences = 35 flesch = 41 summary = Following initial reports describing Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a predictive factor for a negative outcome, extracorporeal cytokine adsorption was discussed as a possible treatment option for severe COVID-19 cases. A major advantage of extracorporeal cytokine adsorption over the other therapeutic approaches discussed in this debate is that it does not selectively block a specific receptor or signal transduction cascade, but it rather reduces particularly elevated concentrations of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, TNF-α, and also interferons; these factors have both pro-and anti-inflammatory functions. These two aspects may be particularly relevant, e.g., in the case of bacterial superinfection in severe COVID-19 when an adequate immune response is required. Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients Cytokine adsorption in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310997-ulgemn42 author = Swai, Joel title = Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 788 sentences = 65 flesch = 60 summary = title: Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Firstly, the mortality rate for COVID-19 patients with AKI is different in the text (i.e., 76.5%; 95% CI 61.0-89.0) from one reported in the authors' Figure 1 (i.e., 78.0%; 95% CI 63.0-90.0). Letter to the editor-Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis" As the author pointed out, the reported results of mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is different from the text and Figure 1c in the original publication of our article [1] . In addition, our research letter aimed to overview the AKI mortality in patients with different coronaviruses, but the clinical heterogeneity between studies should be also noted. Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310803-iig414jg author = Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin title = Applying Computer Simulations in Battling with COVID-19, using pre-analyzed molecular and chemical data to face the pandemic date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1337 sentences = 85 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 is a disorder caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has CoV-2 genome sequencing demonstrated that ORF1a/b is closely similar to those from the bat, 4 civet, and other human SARS-CoVs, but the external sub-domain amino acid sequence of the 5 spike receptor-binding domain for this novel virus is only 40% similar to other SARS-related 6 coronaviruses. Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential 5 inhibitor of 2019-nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology 6 modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation Structural and molecular modelling studies 24 reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 25 infection Network-based drug repurposing 29 for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 Emodin blocks the SARS coronavirus 46 spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction Repurposing didanosine as a potential treatment for COVID-19 using scRNA-18 seq data Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell 20 RNA Sequencing Data cache = ./cache/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310996-ihs9xbv8 author = Stang, Andreas title = Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 851 sentences = 62 flesch = 60 summary = It has been speculated that the total number of COVID-infected people is about five times higher than the official statistics. Due to the changing availability of corona testing and the changing conditions that must be met in order to test a suspected case of corona in Germany, the evaluation of the devel-opment of the daily number of newly confirmed corona infections is complicated. A review of 355 COVID-19 deaths in Italy showed that the mean age at diagnosis was 79.5 years (SD: 8.1) and 70% were male. However, as soon as the daily number of newly infected people decreases ("flatteningofthe curve")asiscurrentlythe case in Germany (. Fig. 1b, c) , age-, sex-, comorbidity-, region-, and setting-specific data on the infection rate and CF should help to set up targeted, that is, risk-adapted measures to contain the pandemic without severely restricting the entire economy and social life [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310895-zkzew0kb author = Periyakaruppan, Muthiah title = COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as ‘Acute Abdomen’ in a Child date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 549 sentences = 37 flesch = 54 summary = title: COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as 'Acute Abdomen' in a Child To the Editor: Despite lesser incidence and disease severity of COVID-19 in children, growing evidence suggests huge heterogeneity in clinical presentation [1] . [4] reported the importance of chest CT evaluation in addition to abdominal CT in patients presenting as acute abdomen to identify basal pneumonia to ignite a suspicion of COVID-19, not as a primary acute abdomen presentation. Our index case was a pure abdominal presentation at the onset masquerading as surgical abdomen, persisted through the second week and progressed to shock without any respiratory symptoms. Recent observations all over the world suggest that it can very well be a presentation of 'acute COVID Inflammation' [5] . Covid-19: concerns grow over inflammatory syndrome emerging in children Children with Covid-19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy Role of chest CT in patients with acute abdomen during the COVID-19 era cache = ./cache/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310974-hz37yf39 author = Crolley, Valerie E. title = COVID-19 in cancer patients on systemic anti-cancer therapies: outcomes from the CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) cohort study date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3538 sentences = 176 flesch = 48 summary = The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the association between a diagnosis of COVID-19 and mortality in oncology patients on active systemic anti-cancer treatment. This is reflected in work elsewhere, including a European study of 890 patients which reported worse outcomes in haematological cancer patients infected with COVID-19, 9,20 as well as data from Hubei, China. Alternatively, other studies found that treatment with immunotherapy did not impact mortality negatively in COVID-19 positive cancer patients, 11 and it is hypothesised that immunotherapy may reduce the risk of developing the cytokine storm primarily responsible for the development of ARDS in COVID-19. Patients on active cancer treatment are more likely to be infected with COVID-19 if they are being treated with chemotherapy, particularly high-dose chemotherapy; treatment with immunotherapy and hormonal treatments had no significant impact on the chances of contracting COVID-19, while targeted treatment appeared to have a protective effect. cache = ./cache/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311029-x0lk4110 author = Palermo, Sara title = Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6411 sentences = 353 flesch = 40 summary = For that reason, the Clinical Trials Regulation (EC) No. 536/2014 states that "in order to improve treatments available for vulnerable groups such as frail or older people, people suffering from multiple chronic conditions, and people affected by mental health disorders, medicinal products which are likely to be of significant clinical value should be fully and appropriately studied for their effects in these specific groups, including as regards requirements related to their specific characteristics and the protection of the health and well-being of subjects belonging to these groups." Indeed, EMA develops scientific guidelines to help medicine developers address the specific requirements of older people in their medicine development programs, including in the design and conduct of clinical trials. EMA disclosed a reflection paper on "Physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterization of older populations in clinical trials" (7), actively recognizing the importance of considering the various types of aging when experimenting and developing new pharmacological treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310901-oooat8xj author = Arca, Karissa N. title = COVID‐19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4428 sentences = 286 flesch = 46 summary = Several health organizations have concluded that treatment with corticosteroids during active infection should be avoided due to concerns of prolonged viral shedding in the respiratory tract and the lack of survival benefit based on the data from past coronaviruses and influenza virus; specific exceptions exist including treatment for underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is recommended that prior to prescribing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and steroids for the treatment of headache, clinicians have open discussions with their patients about the potential risks and benefits of using these medications during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and corticosteroid use in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been controversial, 6, 7 with existing evidence indirectly suggesting potential benefits 7, 8 or harms, 6, 9 and international and national health organizations providing inconsistent guidance. cache = ./cache/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311085-jmuyi53x author = Saqlain, Muhammad title = Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1210 sentences = 75 flesch = 62 summary = Also on 26 February 2020, the Pakistan Federal Health Minister confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19 in Karachi and Islamabad [2, 6] . First, the federal government, in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Authority, established a system to screen every passenger who had traveled directly or indirectly from China and other infected countries, including South Korea, Japan, and Thailand [8] . Currently, Pakistan is capable of testing samples from suspected cases within the country at the main diagnostic laboratory at the NIH [11] , and also at WHO-designated COVID-19 test centers in seven hospitals countrywide (two centers each in Karachi and Quetta, and one center each in Peshawar, Islamabad and Lahore) [12] . Unfortunately, Pakistan is located between two main coronavirus centers, i.e. China and Iran, with considerable traffic to and from these countries. Pakistan 'concerned' over Iran coronavirus outbreak, closes border cache = ./cache/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311043-nidu7om2 author = Erdinc, Burak title = Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleed Coincided With Massive Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2081 sentences = 101 flesch = 46 summary = SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause a hypercoagulable state resulting in acute thrombotic events, including venous thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute limb ischemia, and clotting of ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) catheters. We herein present a case of a patient with COVID-19 complicated by spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding and massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which was later complicated by compartment syndrome. This case emphasizes that COVID-19 induced hypercoagulable state can cause massive thrombosis, and patients might need anticoagulation therapy. It is quite interesting that our patient presented with spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding and also massive DVT causing compartment syndrome. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a high tendency to develop hypercoagulable state and its acute thrombotic complications affecting different organ systems in critically ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311081-fsnthvrq author = García, Laura Fernández title = RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 927 sentences = 105 flesch = 66 summary = title: RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 Basado en la evidencia inicial sobre esta pandemia, se ha definido que la población de mayor edad y/o asociación de patologías crónicas (hipertensión arterial, diabetes, obesidad), es más propensa a desarrollar formas clínicas más graves de la infección. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la relación entre obesidad, necesidad de oxigenoterapia con mascarilla reservorio y necesidad de UCI; así como analizar el perfil cardiovascular de los pacientes que han precisado ingreso hospitalario por neumonía COVID-19. No se obtuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la necesidad de reservorio y las variables IMC, hipertensión, dislipemia y diabetes. Para concluir, en este estudio no se ha podido definir la obesidad como factor que influye en la infección por COVID-19, en términos de precisar ingreso en UCI y/o necesidad suplementación de oxigenoterapia en mascarilla con reservorio; pero sí se ha demostrado asociación entre la diabetes y el ingreso en UCI. cache = ./cache/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author = Alviset, Sophie title = Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4842 sentences = 254 flesch = 49 summary = title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record: sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of lifesustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies administered before the primary outcome under study occurred (antivirals, corticosteroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311086-i4e0rdxp author = Adekola, Hafeez Aderinsayo title = Mathematical modeling for infectious viral disease: The COVID‐19 perspective date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3277 sentences = 169 flesch = 41 summary = The SEIR model with suitable adaptations has been widely applied for various disease epidemics such as chickenpox and SARS, and its relevance has been advanced for the analysis of the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 in this context. This sixchambered model was used to study the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 and the implemented prevention and control measures, with the aid of time series and kinetic modal analysis, a basic reproductive number value of 4.01 was obtained (Li, Geng, et al., 2020) . Although the mathematical models for the COVID-19 have majorly forecast few areas relating to pathogen spread such as the basic reproductive number of the SARS-CoV-2, population control measures, percentage of asymptomatic people (Nandal, 2020) . Prediction of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using a mathematical model considering behavior changes Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics with a case study of Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311107-jvoyhv7y author = Genovese, Giovanni title = Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 212 sentences = 23 flesch = 53 summary = key: cord-311107-jvoyhv7y title: Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? cord_uid: jvoyhv7y It has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID‐19–associated varicella‐like exanthem in an 8‐year‐old girl with mild systemic symptoms. On March 21, 2020, an 8-year-old girl from Milan (Lombardy region, Italy) presented to our outpatient service for a 3-day history of an asymptomatic papulovesicular skin eruption. On physical examination, there were about forty erythematous papules and few vesicles scattered bilaterally and symmetrically on the trunk. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients cache = ./cache/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311030-k42iqh40 author = Kvasnovsky, Charlotte L title = Limiting operations for acute appendicitis in children: lessons learned from the U.S. epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic() date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3167 sentences = 167 flesch = 42 summary = Our tertiary care children's hospital pivoted towards a trial of non-operative management (NOM) for all patients presenting with acute appendicitis to limit operating room use. While we were able to operate on patients for appendicitis, we shifted to NOM for all patients with acute appendicitis in an effort to conserve resources, minimize non-emergent surgical procedures, and at certain intervals to allow for COVID testing to result. 4 We report our experience attempting to safely manage children with acute appendicitis while also minimizing healthcare resource utilization (operating room use and hospital stays) during a pervasive modern-era pandemic. We retrospectively collected data on all children diagnosed with acute appendicitis by our pediatric surgical service from 3/31/2020-5/3/2020, the five-week period during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. Compared to the same period in prior years, we treated a similar number of patients with acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311054-dwns5l64 author = Rafiq, Danish title = Evaluation and prediction of COVID-19 in India: a case study of worst hit states date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2165 sentences = 119 flesch = 57 summary = For example, in [12] , a data-driven estimation method like long short-term memory (LSTM) is used for the prediction of total number of COVID-19 cases in India for a 30-days ahead prediction window. The model is then used for the prediction of the total number of cases and deaths in most affected states of India for the next 30 days. To estimate the spread of COVID-19 in India, we used a Predictive Error Minimization (PEM) based system identification technique to identify a discrete-time, single-input, single-output (SISO) model [19] [20] [21] . The models were then verified on the testing data and upon validation, the models were used to predict the total number of cases and deaths for the next 30-days in the 10 worst hit states in India. As per our prediction based on data up to 17 th May 2020, Delhi along with other states would continue to see marginal surge in the number of COVID-19 cases owing to the relaxations in lock-down measures. cache = ./cache/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311284-5nxh7ybe author = Kumar, U. title = COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases: A random cross-sectional telephonic survey date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2204 sentences = 144 flesch = 52 summary = To describe the incidence, clinical course, and predictive factors of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a cohort of rheumatological patients residing in New Delhi (National Capital Region), India. Patients with rheumatic diseases in India have similar incidence of COVID-19 infection compared to the community. To address this, we conducted cross-sectional, random telephonic survey from 20 th April to 20 th July 2020 to assess the incidence, and the predictive factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of rheumatological patients residing in Delhi, one of the worst hit regions of India. We observed a similar incidence of COVID-19 among patients with rheumatological diseases compared to the general population of Delhi. To conclude, we observed that the incidence of COVID-19 infection among patients with rheumatic diseases was similar to the community. cache = ./cache/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311082-sspcz9t6 author = Chen, Shi title = Four Challenges Associated With Current Mathematical Modeling Paradigm of Infectious Diseases and Call for a Shift date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1525 sentences = 80 flesch = 37 summary = We identified 4 major challenges associated with the current modeling paradigm (SEIR) that hinder the efforts to accurately characterize the emerging COVID-19 and future epidemics. These challenges included (1) lack of consistent definition of "case"; (2) discrepancy between patient-level clinical insights and population-level modeling efforts; (3) lack of adequate inclusion of individual behavioral and social influence; and (4) allowing little flexibility of including new evidence and insights when our knowledge evolved rapidly during the pandemic. Researchers, clinicians, and public health officials rely on mathematical models to characterize and predict the COVID-19 epidemic, derive critical epidemiological metrics (eg, the basic reproduction number R 0 ), evaluate various intervention strategies, and optimize resource needs [2] . The SEIR modeling paradigm is less practical to handle the complicated clinical, public health, and social system of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311201-y0lk9zet author = Serrano, Francisco title = The future of airport post COVID-19 date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7087 sentences = 346 flesch = 48 summary = Furthermore, this document highlights the future of airport and air transport industry based on revenue generation sources, cost control strategies and integration of innovations with respect to variable demand and capacity during and post COVID-19. From Figure 2 , it is apparent that the worst-case scenario is when the annual passenger numbers are lower and the peak volume is higher which results in a challenging situation for the airports, where the focus must be on optimization of processes to avoid building more infrastructure. Currently, most of the airports are implementing their business continuity plans that outline how service and essential operations are maintained during this COVID-19 crisis. COVID-19 is a unique opportunity for airports to adapt their current operation with a focus on improved processes and planning and could ease the change of management effort. cache = ./cache/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310999-6xef9z2w author = Chen, Yiting title = In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 475 sentences = 39 flesch = 60 summary = title: In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do Q3 The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however, currently there is no effective antivirals or vaccines for it. A newly published review posited that ACE2 might exhibit circadian rhythm due to indirect effects of circadian rhythm changes in the renin angiotensin system, indicating the possible link of circadian rhythm to COVID-19 susceptibility [2] . Additionally, when exposed to COVID-19 infection, a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines were activated, increasing the risk of developing a cytokine storm [3] . a sleep-inducing hormone, is associated with the reduction of cytokines (eg, IL-6 and TNF-a); thus, melatonin is anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing, which has been suggested as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 [3] . COVID-19: melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do cache = ./cache/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311195-oee19duz author = Gostic, Katelyn title = Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-02-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8026 sentences = 365 flesch = 45 summary = Next, we assess the overall effectiveness of a screening program by modeling screening outcomes in a hypothetical population of infected travellers, each with a different time since exposure (and hence a different probability of having progressed through incubation to show detectable symptoms). The probability that an infected person is detectable in a screening program depends on: the incubation period (the time from exposure to onset of detectable symptoms); the proportion of subclinical cases (mild cases that lack fever or cough); the sensitivity of thermal scanners used to detect fever; the fraction of cases aware they have high exposure risk; and the fraction of those cases who would self-report truthfully on a screening questionnaire. First, to estimate the probability that an infected individual would be detected or missed we considered a range of plausible values for the mean incubation time, and the fraction of subclinical Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311129-5p9mf37g author = Yang, Dong title = COVID-19 & Chronic Renal Disease: Clinical characteristics & prognosis date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2812 sentences = 148 flesch = 46 summary = AIM: Evaluate clinical characteristics, course and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who did not require RRT and those on dialysis. Dialysis patients with COVID-19, comparing to the CKD cases not requiring RRT, suffered from even severe kidney abnormalities, anemia, and infection, and showed abnormally increased creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on admission (Table 2) . This two-center retrospective study identified that CKD not requiring RRT is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death and poor prognosis of patients with COVID-19 (Table 3) , which is consistent to previous meta-analyses revealing the association of CKD and severe COVID-19 illness. Although patients with CKD not requiring RRT, compared to patients without CKD, had similar proportions of moderate cases on admission, they showed significantly higher incidence of in-hospital death and poor prognosis (Table 1 ). In conclusion, CKD not requiring RRT as an independent risk factor for in-hospital death and https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/qjm 15 poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311044-kjx0z1hc author = Rubio-Pérez, Inés title = COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4652 sentences = 301 flesch = 51 summary = Abstract In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The authors have provided a narrative review of the literature available for certain key aspects of COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, which are of special interest to the readers of the journal. Decisions on whether or not to proceed with elective surgery in cancer patients currently depend on the local epidemiological situation, availability of operating rooms J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and ICU at the corresponding hospital, disease status and the risk of progression or complications (individualized), assessment of surgical risk and potential complications of the procedure. cache = ./cache/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311448-t17g47dj author = Brian, Zachary title = Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3881 sentences = 207 flesch = 42 summary = Populations vulnerable to COVID-19, including those in low socioeconomic groups, minority groups, older adults, low-literacy individuals, those in rural areas, and the uninsured are also at increased risk for oral disease and associated systemic health problems (14) . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that "non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians and Alaska Natives generally have the poorest oral health of any racial and ethnic groups in the United States," (15) and these same populations have disproportionately higher incidence of COVID-19-related infection and death (16) . Similarly, increased efforts to more effectively integrate dental programs focused on prevention, screening, and risk assessment within primary care, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatric offices should be pursued to expand access to oral health services for vulnerable populations (22) . Providers and payers together have a responsibility to shift toward preventive care, particularly as COVID-19 threatens to increase disparities in oral health care access for the United States' most vulnerable populations. cache = ./cache/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311026-mpr3xb2a author = Petersen, Eskild title = COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5624 sentences = 339 flesch = 56 summary = Another approach could be to open travel from countries with good surveillance systems, transparent reporting, and few local cases where risk of importing infected cases would be low. Thus, public health capabilities for case identification and isolation must be expanded probably permanently; tools can include physical inspection or use of electronic devices, such as mobile phone-based surveillance and point of care tests as used in Taiwan, Korea and Oman, summarized in table 3. Despite the city state's strict contact-tracing, quarantining and travel restrictions, a second wave of infections from returning residents and local transmissions saw cases spike from 100 to 1,000 in one month (SCMP 3 rd April). This initial public health response included travel bans from countries with high levels of community transmission and 14-day mandatory quarantine for all returning travelers from those countries; school closures; cancellation of gatherings of more than 100 people; and expanding testing and isolation capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author = Alser, O. title = Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2798 sentences = 164 flesch = 53 summary = Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. (4) Other LMICs in the Middle East and Africa have also reported scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) for front line healthcare workers (HCWs).(5, 6) We hypothesize that (HCWs) in the oPt are largely underprepared to address COVID-19 related needs of the Palestinian population in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The secondary outcome was to assess the differences between Gaza Strip and West Bank, and between governmental and non-governmental in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness to face the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311342-523zrpbl author = Shipe, Maren E. title = Modeling the Impact of Delaying the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19 date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3528 sentences = 191 flesch = 50 summary = The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on 5-year overall survival of delayed surgical biopsy of a lung nodule suspicious for cancer with possible perioperative COVID-19 infection within an early phase infection environment. Five-year overall survival was chosen for the outcome in order to model the impact of cancer progression as well as potential long-term effects of perioperative COVID-19 infection. For the base case scenario, choosing immediate VATS resection of the suspicious lung nodule resulted in improved 5-year overall survival when compared to delayed VATS resection after three months to allow for COVID-19 prevalence to decrease (0.77 and 0.74, respectively). Proceeding with immediate VATS resection of a suspicious lung nodule during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a similar but slightly improved 5-year overall survival when compared to resection after a three-month delay in our base case scenario. cache = ./cache/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311215-x3b7ewo2 author = Chao, Tiffany N. title = Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2044 sentences = 125 flesch = 50 summary = Here we seek to determine whether there is a subset of ventilated COVID-19 patients for which tracheotomy may be indicated, while considering patient prognosis and the risks of transmission. In a typical non-COVID-19 intensive care unit patient cohort, early tracheotomy (typically defined as within 7 days of intubation) is often recommended for critically ill ventilated patients 10 . 2. Tracheotomy before 21 days should not be routinely performed in COVID-19 patients solely for prolonged ventilator dependence, given the high risk of transmission and poor prognosis of patients requiring intubation and ventilation in the existing literature. Tracheotomy has been shown to be an aerosol generating procedure that increases the risk of transmission to healthcare workers, with an odds ratio of 4.15 for transmission in those who performed tracheotomies during the SARS epidemic 19 , though it is unclear as to whether this may be due in part to inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE). cache = ./cache/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311505-akcc9oms author = Geisen, Will R. title = Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis secondary to experimental COVID-19 therapy date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1354 sentences = 82 flesch = 38 summary = Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), a form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic of historical proportions. Due to its worldwide distribution, a paucity of clinical trial data, and a high mortality rate, the COVID pandemic has led to widespread implementation of experimental therapies with varying levels of success and, in some instances, poor outcomes (3, 4, 5) . We present a patient who was treated with experimental therapies and subsequently developed severe gastrointestinal pathology that was diagnosed by colonoscopy. The report describes a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who was treated with experimental immunomodulating therapies and, subsequently, developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis. cache = ./cache/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311171-5n1aqrpa author = Ovejero, Santiago title = Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 671 sentences = 50 flesch = 51 summary = Thus, the current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly reached delusional themes in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we present the clinical case of a Spanish woman with bipolar disorder that included coronavirus infection in her delusional themes even faster than the real infection reached mainland Spain. The current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, expanded to 213 countries over the world with 2,810,325 confirmed cases and 193,825 deaths by April 27 (World Health Organization, 2020), represents the most critical global crisis in recent years and will probably have a social and psychological impact in all our lives. However, less attention has been paid to the potential worsening of people with previous mental disorders In this connection, psychiatrists have observed how coronavirus has rapidly reached delusional themes, even faster than the infection itself. Delusional This case report illustrates how the current COVID-19 pandemic affects the pathoplasty of the delusion, as the main topic in this patient was rapidly adapted to current events. cache = ./cache/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311413-uiwjrvru author = Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina title = COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1734 sentences = 94 flesch = 52 summary = COVID-19 currently imposes an additional burden to the already overstretched, resource strapped health services which are grappling to bring under control the high burden of existing infectious and non-infectious diseases, including TB, HIV, and malaria. Health care workers and community members alike are faced with an important challenge of quickly identifying symptoms and taking appropriate steps for laboratory investigation in line with the case definition based on surveillance or clinical characterisation (WHO, 2020a) . Key steps to identifying a COVID-19 case ultimately involves symptomatic or high risk patients presenting to health providers with complaints of any of the following symptoms or travel history: fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache and others of acute onset or history of travel to affected areas or contact with an infected person. Thus, current screening approaches for COVID-19 are likely to miss approximately 50% of the infected cases even in countries with good health systems and available diagnostic capacities (Gostic et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311125-v9ddes3c author = Cooper, Keiland W. title = COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9480 sentences = 510 flesch = 49 summary = Given data suggesting that ACE2 is necessary for SARS-CoV2 to infect host cells, researchers have used a variety of approaches to discern the pattern of expression of ACE2 and other viral entry proteins across the tissue landscape, with the goal of inferring possible target cells and disease mechanisms. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 (given that it likely does not directly infect OSNs, and thus cannot pass directly through the olfactory nerve, see However, scSeq and immunostaining of the mouse OB has revealed -as in the nose -that bulb neurons do not express detectable levels of ACE2 ( Figure 2 ) . This model suggests that neural function is altered indirectly due to sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection of peripheral support cells, including (but not limited to) local inflammation and changes in OSN gene expression and ciliary structure. Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia cache = ./cache/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311376-mah8j8bj author = Liang, Xiaopeng title = Is COVID-19 more severe in older men? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 703 sentences = 55 flesch = 53 summary = Previous studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) showed that older men were at higher risk of coronavirus infection. 2 Studies in female mice suggested that oestrogen signalling can directly inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV, thereby protecting the mice from infection. Thus, age-associated decrease in oestradiol concentration might be a possible explanation for the susceptibility and severe progression of COVID-19 in older patients. In SARS, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha were found, resulting in acute lung injury and multi-organ dysfunction. Conversely, older patients and men are not protected by oestrogens. SARS-CoV2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is known to gain entry into cells via the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. 5 Lower oestrogen levels increase ACE2 expression, facilitating the development of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. cache = ./cache/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311353-ozqfsuh8 author = Sun, Chun-Yang title = The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1650 sentences = 125 flesch = 50 summary = title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the meta-analysis method will be used to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of CM for COVID-19 pneumonia. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CM (including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine and Chinese medicine injections) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311495-svgw59ic author = Ayati, Nayyereh title = Short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3534 sentences = 166 flesch = 41 summary = This pandemic had major effects on the health market, the pharmaceutical sector, and was associated with considerable impacts; which may appear in short and long-term time-horizon and need identification and appropriate planning to reduce their socio-economic burden. In addition, industry growth slow-down, approval delays, moving towards self-sufficiency in pharm-production supply chain and trend changes in consumption of health-market products along with ethical dilemma could be anticipated as long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmaceutical sector in both global and local levels. CONCLUSION: The pandemic of COVID-19 poses considerable crisis on the health markets, including the pharmaceutical sector; and identification of these effects, may guide policy-makers towards more evidence-informed planning to overcome accompanying challenges. Current short-communication study assessed pharmaceutical market crisis during the COVID-19 era; discussing shortand long-term impacts of the pandemic on pharmaceutical market natural flow and regulations, first at the global and then at Iran's national level as a case in point for developing countries. cache = ./cache/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311341-7ox30d2u author = Goenka, Anuj title = Implementation of Telehealth in Radiation Oncology: Rapid Integration During COVID-19 and its Future Role in our Practice date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4359 sentences = 215 flesch = 46 summary = Billable encounters from January to April 2020 were reviewed and categorized into one of the following visit types: in-person, telephonic, or two-way audio-video. CONCLUSIONS: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to move the majority of patient visits to telehealth but observed inconsistent utilization of the audio-video telehealth platform. We identified that for consultations, in-person visits were associated with higher billing codes compared to two-way audio-video encounters (p<0.01). This rapid implementation allowed us to continue providing patients' access to radiation oncology physicians while reducing patient exposures from travel and in-office visits. Nevertheless, we continue to recommend two-way audio-video encounters as the standard of telehealth care to the extent possible, as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f we believe the video aspect of the visit is a very valuable component of being able to offer appropriate clinical advice and establish a patient-physician relationship. cache = ./cache/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311207-qkkn0297 author = Pegoraro, Manuela title = Evaluation of three immunochromatographic tests in COVID-19 serologic diagnosis and their clinical usefulness date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1664 sentences = 92 flesch = 46 summary = Different assays demonstrate 41–45% of diagnostic sensitivities and 91–98% of specificities, with substantial agreement (89.3–91.2%), but a high percentage of weak positive results (13–22%) was observed with ICTs. ICTs performances were comparable to those of automated immunoassays. In COVID-19 confirmed cases (symptomatic patient with SARS-CoV-2 positive molecular detection), date of symptoms onset was used to timing infection at the moment of specimens' collection. Three stages were identified: early (0-7 days from symptoms onset), intermediate (8China), COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech Co., Ltd Huzhou, Zhejiang, China), and PRIMA Professional (PRIMA Lab SA, Balerbna, Switzerland) are lateral flow immunochromatographic assays. Sensitivities were assessed on confirmed COVID-19 cases, combining IgG and IgM/IgA positive results, while specificities were estimated on the group of healthy volunteer's. Compared with the automated immunoassays, the ability of ICTs to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was equivalent to that of CLIA-MAGLUMI and better than ELISA-Euroimmun, whose IgG positive rates ranged between 0 and 86% at 14 days after symptoms onset. cache = ./cache/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311327-50s8sja3 author = Toh, Vi Vien title = Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 142 sentences = 20 flesch = 73 summary = key: cord-311327-50s8sja3 authors: Toh, Vi Vien; Antrum, John Henry George; Sloan, Brendan; Austin, Orla; Muthayya, Preetha title: Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date: 2020-07-03 journal: Burns DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 311327 cord_uid: 50s8sja3 nan We had two male patients who presented to the local Accident X-ray (Fig. 3) None. Management 153 strategies for the burn ward during COVID-19 pandemic Managing chronic wounds during 155 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Guidance 159 for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread 160 community transmission of COVID-19-first update Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Antibody 165 responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus 166 disease 2019 Evaluating the 169 COVID-19 testing: the 174 threat of false-negative results cache = ./cache/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311477-gm0vg53l author = Doboszewska, Urszula title = Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6194 sentences = 327 flesch = 49 summary = We attempt to integrate data on the effects of agents targeting zinc fingers in viral metalloenzymes (zinc fingers targeting agents), which cause removal of zinc from the proteins, thus destabilizing the proteins and leading to increased intracellular concentration of zinc ions, and other agents which induce changes in intracellular levels of zinc (zinc ionophores), with data on consequences of altered level of intracellular zinc, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and related pathogens. Chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug (Blount, 1967) , was demonstrated to block virus infection at low micromolar concentration in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 , thus suggesting the possible use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. With regard to COVID-19, a novel drug would target labile zinc fingers in SARS-CoV-2 proteins, thus destroying the proteins and producing an increase in intracellular concentration of zinc ions. cache = ./cache/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311453-l6quzef6 author = Klopfenstein, Timothée title = Impact of Tocilizumab on mortality and/or invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in a cohort of 206 COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2675 sentences = 154 flesch = 55 summary = CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size in the group TCZ, this result suggests that TCZ reduces mortality and/or IMV requirement in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We have recently published a retrospective study including 45 patients treated in our hospital, which shows that TCZ seems to reduce the number of COVID-19 severe cases and/or mortality (11) . Based on the medical literature, we checked several criteria before starting TCZ treatment: no contraindication to TCZ, confirmed COVID-19 with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR SARS-CoV-2 RNA, failure of standard treatment, period since symptoms onset ≥ 5 days, oxygen therapy ≥ 4 liters/min, ≥ 25% of lung damages on chest computed tomography (CT) scan, and ≥ 2 parameters of inflammation or biological markers of mortality (with a high level) such as ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, lymphopenia, and/or lactate dehydrogenase. cache = ./cache/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311155-8cvj4wdp author = Maideen, Naina Mohamed Pakkir title = Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) – Potential herb for COVID-19? date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4174 sentences = 195 flesch = 42 summary = In this review, the potential of Nigella sativa (black cumin seeds) to treat the patients with COVID-19 analyzed, as it has shown to possess antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive, antipyretic and analgesic activities. sativa oil capsules (500 mg) twice daily, has shown improvement in number of inflamed joints, incidence of morning stiffness, and disease activity score [39] and a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the participants of intervention group received 2 capsules of N. Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311316-j79nmq0j author = Tony, Abeer Abdelhady title = COVID-19-associated sleep disorders: A case report date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1454 sentences = 97 flesch = 48 summary = PURPOSE: We reported one patient infected with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) presented with sleep disorders; insomnia and restless leg syndrome. RESULTS: A 49-year-old female patient presented with insomnia and restless leg syndrome associated with anosmia, ageusia. Interestingly, We describe a case of COVID-19-associated sleep disorders as presenting symptoms . In this study, we expressed a case with PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection presented with sleep disorders. In our PCR positive COVID-19 case, the main presenting sleep disorders were insomnia and restless leg syndrome. [7] who suggested that altered sleep during infection is a component of the acute phase response, promoting recovery during illness, likely through mechanisms that involve cytokines and interleukins and their receptors, as well as receptors of the innate immune system. In conclusion, we described a patient with confirmed PCR COVID-19 infection who presented by fever, asthenia, insomnia and restless leg syndrome with good outcome. At present, the full clinical spectrum of patients with COVID-19 with sleep disorders remains to be characterized. cache = ./cache/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311559-vkb7a4cm author = Kanwugu, Osman N. title = HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2487 sentences = 139 flesch = 52 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly identified coronavirus, which was first recognized in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has since rapidly spread to over 200 countries/territories/areas and have been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). 4, 6, 7 In line with this, one of the puzzling questions in the wake of this pandemic is "Does HIV infection increases the risk of getting and disease severity of COVID-19?." This is important, especially in Africa, as the region accounts for more than 70% of the global burden of human immunodefeciency virus (HIV) infection. The first case of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was reported in Wuhan, China, the terminus a quo of the pandemic. Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a 58-year-old patient with HIV: a clinical case report from the Republic of Cyprus cache = ./cache/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311545-3rll9mca author = Bentley, Gillian R title = Don't blame the BAME: Ethnic and structural inequalities in susceptibilities to COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2806 sentences = 137 flesch = 47 summary = However, more recently, insidious and potentially racist allusions are beginning to emerge appearing to blame African Americans as somehow responsible for the relatively large number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the USA, stoking age-old tropes, and attributing morbidity and mortality to the behaviors and predispositions of BAME groups (Guardian, 2020b; Strings, 2020) . In reality, structural or social inequalities that affect individual vulnerabilities to SARS-CoV-2 include exposures through types of employment, whether people are working in essential transport networks carrying large numbers of people, or in small grocery shops that place BAME communities at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311580-dzlh5obt author = Snapiri, Ori title = Delayed diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2475 sentences = 151 flesch = 45 summary = AIM: To present seven paediatric patients with appendicitis, all with late diagnosis resulting from different aspects of the fear from the current global COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we present seven cases with a delayed diagnosis of appendicitis in the era of patients and physicians' fear from in-person encounters and physical examination. The parents of an 11-year-old female patient contacted her primary care physician with abdominal pain of 2-day duration. The family did not contact any healthcare provider until the 6th day of symptoms when the patient was re-examined by his physician and right abdominal tenderness along with signs of peritonitis were found. 13 While most adolescents diagnosed with appendicitis do not experience complications such as appendix perforation and abscess formation, the cases described in this report paint a different picture, raising concern regarding the current methods used for evaluation of paediatric population during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311222-vw4b9xmg author = Haydar, Ali title = Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2032 sentences = 122 flesch = 47 summary = title: Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study BACKGROUND: As healthcare institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, need for vasopressors, and death. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, need for vasopressors, and death. As the world battles the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is critical to use palliative care as an approach to ease the burden of this life-threatening illness on patients and their families. Hence, we present a study assessing the rates of utilization of palliative care in an underserved high-risk COVID-19 patient population. There was a relatively low utilization rate of palliative care in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311620-zs2mpeke author = Handa, Rahul title = Covid-19-associated acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalomyelitis date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1481 sentences = 109 flesch = 49 summary = In view of altered sensorium, a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was advised which revealed symmetrical FLAIR hyperintensities involving bilateral subcortical fronto-parietal lobes, splenium of corpus callosum, medulla and visualised cervical cord with petechial haemorrhages and evidence of diffusion restriction involving splenium of corpus callosum (Figs. Our patient had an almost sudden onset and a very rapidly progressive downhill course associated with MRI showing bilateral symmetric confluent FLAIR hyperintensities in subcortical white matter involving the posterior fronto-parietal lobes and splenium of corpus callosum suggestive of demyelination and inflammation, with sparing of basal ganglia and cortex with punctate haemorrhages noted in the splenium. Thus, clinico-radiological manifestation of our patient was suggestive of AHL, and although it has a poor prognosis, our patient had a good neurological response to steroids, but unfortunately, severe respiratory dysfunction due to Covid-19 led to his mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311588-ocz2rzy7 author = Gilligan, Jeffrey title = Collateral Damage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 477 sentences = 32 flesch = 61 summary = At our institution, similarly, we have seen both a huge decline in patients seeking care for neurological and neurosurgical diagnoses, as well as late presentation of life-threatening conditions. She refused to seek care at the hospital due specifically to fear of contracting COVID-19. What remains unknown is how many patients with known or unknown pathologies are having progression of a deficit (i.e. worsening vision secondary to a supersellar mass or worsening cervical myelopathy) that would otherwise have brought them to seek urgent medical care. In our own institution, resources and staff are finally being able to assist with non-COVID patient duties. The untold toll -The pandemic's effects on patients without COVID-19 As the pandemic subsides, we will need to ask our leaders, public health officials, and the media to send a message to patients at risk: please seek help if you're not well or having worsening symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311535-ppkwd1kp author = Korakas, Emmanouil title = Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2778 sentences = 124 flesch = 36 summary = The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercytokinemia, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular abnormalities are all possible mechanisms through which the excess in adipose tissue could lead to the acute hyperinflammatory state that characterizes severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and is responsible for its complications. cache = ./cache/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311431-5pi3bzli author = Korobelnik, Jean-François title = Response to letter: COVID-19 and macular edema—a necessary blindness? date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 329 sentences = 24 flesch = 54 summary = that ophthalmologists have faced difficult decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic and that a delicate balance is needed to protect both lives and vision. & Minimizing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for both the patient and healthcare staff & Simplifying anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment regimens & Prioritizing treatment for those at greatest risk of irreversible vision loss By implementing stringent safety practices and triaging those who are most vulnerable, we have the opportunity to continue to provide the best possible care to patients. With lockdown restrictions now easing in many countries, we are re-evaluating our initial guidance [1] to determine which measures can be relaxed while the infection rate remains low and which should remain in place until a suitable vaccine or treatment for COVID-19 becomes available. The updated guidance for the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and for the post-lockdown era will be available from https://www.visionacademy.org/. Guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic Conflict of interest Jean-François Korobelnik is a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Kanghong, Novartis, and Roche. cache = ./cache/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311523-erntrh3p author = Gisondi, P title = Dermatologists and SARS‐CoV‐2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2757 sentences = 150 flesch = 43 summary = Since the first case of "pneumonia of unknown aetiology" was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐ 19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a label of "pandemic." The ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is having a huge impact on dermatological practice including the marked reduction of face‐to‐face consultations in favour of teledermatology, the uncertainties concerning the outcome of COVID‐19 infection in patients with common inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulating systemic therapies; the direct involvement of dermatologists in COVID‐19 care for patients assistance and new research needs to be addressed. cache = ./cache/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311635-hf6vrbyx author = Reuken, Philipp Alexander title = Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3481 sentences = 209 flesch = 47 summary = We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID‐19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in two German transplant centers. Thus, we assessed COVID-19 prevalence/exposure, perception, compliance and behavior of transplant recipients and candidates on the waiting list in two German liver transplant centers in April 2020 using a crosssectional anonymous survey in patients and their household members. Responding to the item "I am afraid to become infected with the Coronavirus", SOT recipients reported a significantly greater fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 than their household controls ( Figure 1A and Supplementary Table S1). Here we demonstrate that fears associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed by liver transplantation recipients and candidates as well as by their household members. While fears and concerns associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed by SOT recipients and candidates, measures to prevent infection were frequently followed in the vast majority of patients. cache = ./cache/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311579-4jhoatkw author = Bhatt, Harshil title = Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a case report and review of the literature date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1759 sentences = 97 flesch = 45 summary = CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old Caucasian male patient presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of dyspnea on exertion after his wife's recent diagnosis of COVID-19. Based on the patient's clinical presentation and the laboratory workup identifying an elevated D-dimer, a computed tomography angiogram of the chest was obtained, which was significant for moderately large, bilateral pulmonary emboli with a saddle embolus, and an associated small, left lower lobe, pulmonary infarct. Post-discharge telephone calls at day 10 and week 4 revealed that the patient was appropriately responding to anticoagulation treatment and had no recurrence of his symptoms related to venous thromboembolism and COVID-19. We report an atypical case involving a 65-year-old male patient with an acute saddle pulmonary embolism and a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with COVID-19. reported objectively confirmed VTE incidence rates of 16%, 33%, and 42% at days 7, 14, and 21, respectively, among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, despite receiving thrombosis prophylaxis. cache = ./cache/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311651-v2ff33jd author = Long, Nathaniel title = Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4424 sentences = 212 flesch = 43 summary = Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools communication with frontline physician educators-to develop strategies for leveraging student capabilities and contributions. In this article, we (1) articulate 4 categories in which medical students can contribute to the work of U.S. AHCs and the wellness of their communities; (2) describe the educational benefits for learners and the alignment with health systems science (HSS) competencies; and (3) highlight a process for coproduction between students, medical schools, and the health system. 28 Those students who developed an evolved skill set-serving as patient navigators for individuals in need, obtaining White and Yellow Belt certifications in Operational Excellence, 29 and honing a nascent systems-based perspective toward health care practice-are the same students who have been organizing themselves to perform similar and additional roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311544-7ihtyiox author = Sun, Tingzhe title = Modeling COVID-19 Epidemic in Heilongjiang Province, China date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2514 sentences = 150 flesch = 46 summary = However, massive imported patients especially into Heilongjiang Province in China recently have been an alert for local COVID-19 outbreak. Stochastic simulations further showed that significantly increased local contacts among imported 'escaper', its epidemiologically associated cases and susceptible populations greatly contributed to the local outbreak of COVID-19. Collectively, our model has characterized the epidemic of COVID-19 in Heilongjiang province and implied that strongly controlled measured should be taken for infected and asymptomatic patients to minimize total infections. Specifically, a recent 'super spreader' or 'imported escaper' in Heilongjiang province has led to tens of diagnosed or asymptomatic cases [3] . Using this model, we performed stochastic simulations and found that partial relief in strictly controlled interventions may contribute to the occurrence of diagnosed patients recently (from April 9 to April 19) provided that there is only one imported patient without surveillance [3] . Estimating the Effects of Asymptomatic and Imported Patients on COVID-19 Epidemic Using Mathematical Modeling cache = ./cache/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311636-8l7jlvvj author = Oikonomou, Evangelos title = Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 940 sentences = 57 flesch = 47 summary = title: Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 outbreak, along with implementation of lockdown and strict public movement restrictions, in Greece have affected hospital visits and admissions. Results A falling trend of cardiology ED visits and hospital admissions starting from the week that the restrictive measures due to COVID-19 were implemented was observed. The ED visits in the post-lockdown period were significantly higher compared to the COVID-19 outbreak time period (1,511 vs 660; p<0.05). Following the lifting of 61 restrictive measures we also collected data from an equivalent (4/5/2020 -7/6/2020) 62 time period (post lockdown period). Adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed as We observed a falling trend of cardiology ED visits and admissions starting from 95 the week that the restrictive measures due to COVID-19 were implemented. cache = ./cache/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311633-i9ret7bw author = Péré, Hélène title = Unexpected diagnosis of COVID-19-associated disorders by SARS-CoV-2-specific serology date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1673 sentences = 103 flesch = 52 summary = We herein evaluated the analytical performances of the CE IVD-labeled Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Des Plaines, IL, USA) carried out with the automated Abbott Architect™ i2000 platform at Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, using serum sample panels obtained from health-workers with COVID-19 history confirmed by positive nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis and from patients randomly selected for whom serum samples were collected before the COVID-19 epidemic. Interestingly, several inpatients hospitalized in COVID-19 free areas suffering from a wide range of unexplained clinical features including cardiac, vascular, renal, metabolic and infectious disorders, were unexpectedly found seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by systematic routine serology, suggesting possible causal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To analytically and clinically validate the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, we tested pre-epidemic sera, sera from pauci-symptomatic health-worker with SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR and sera from hospitalized patients from both the COVID-positive area and the COVID-free area. cache = ./cache/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311552-n16pdrc4 author = Bäuerle, Alexander title = Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 735 sentences = 50 flesch = 50 summary = Little is known about treatment options to combat the novel virus, but the same applies to the effects of COVID-19 on people's mental health. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia. 3 Besides necessary government regulations in order to slow down the rapid spread of the virus, a COVID-19 crisis strategy to face the increased psychological burden of the community has not been defined yet. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia (NRW). During the COVID-19 crisis, implementing structured community-based concepts to support psychological burdened citizens is crucial. cache = ./cache/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311819-iy8r1iml author = Peretti-Watel, Patrick title = Anxiety, depression and sleep problems: a second wave of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2027 sentences = 92 flesch = 48 summary = Nonetheless, before this crisis began, several experts had warned about the potential impact of such measures on the populations' mental health, based on previous experiences of quarantine, as summarised in a review published, as this pandemic reached Europe and before any lockdowns. Multivariate logistic models analysed the associations of the four mental health outcomes (moderate to severe depressive symptoms, severe anxiety, sleep problems and reported need for psychological support from a health professional) with sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to both the virus and the media. The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms reached 8.8%, and the prevalence of severe anxiety was 8.7%; 68.1% of respondents complained of sleep problems during the past week (few or a lot), and 12.2% reported the need for psychological support from a health professional during the lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311682-npi03i7q author = Malicki, J title = Impact of COVID-19 on the performance of a radiation oncology department at a major comprehensive cancer centre in Poland during the first ten weeks of the epidemic date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3217 sentences = 192 flesch = 53 summary = Aim. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of precautionary measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of a radiation oncology departments and on mitigation the risk of COVID-19 contagion between and among patients and staff. Just over half of the radiotherapy patients (53.5%) treated at the GPCC reside in the city of Poznan or in one of the ten surrounding counties where COVID19 incidence was low and reached at the end of the study period cumulative number of cases n = 204. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of precautionary measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of a radiation oncology departments in given cancer centre in Poland. This observational study was performed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic-specifically, the precautionary measures implemented at our centre (Greater Poland Cancer Centre; GPCC)-on the clinical practice of radiation oncology at our centre. cache = ./cache/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311694-2b2swi0l author = Grima, Simon title = A Country Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement Model date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5792 sentences = 289 flesch = 47 summary = PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement (PREM) model to determine the factors that affect a country's prospective vulnerability to a pandemic risk exposure also considering the current COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The developed PREM model shows that monitoring of Demographic Features, Country's Activity Features, Economic Exposure and Societal Vulnerability can help a country to identify the possible impact of pandemic risk exposure and develop policies, strategies, regulations, etc., to help a country strengthen its capacity to meet the economic, social and in turn healthcare demands due to pandemic hazards such as COVID-19. 66 The recent study of measuring the economic risk of COVID-19 has computed measures for exposure (population, night-time light and transport density), vulnerability (data on economic outcomes, human development, tourism, and health quality) and resilience (Internet access, public and private debt, government expenditure, sociocultural disparity) of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311730-189vax2m author = Becker, Richard C. title = Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4514 sentences = 222 flesch = 40 summary = The SNS exists under the authority of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and accepted 30 million doses of hydroxychloroquine sulfate donated by Sandoz™, the Novartis™ generics and biosimilars division, and one million doses of chloroquine phosphate donated by Bayer Pharmaceuticals™ for potential use in treating patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 or for use in clinical trials. The adverse effects associated with taking hydroxychloroquine are similar to those observed with chloroquine and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, AV conduction defects, a prolonged QTc interval with torsades de pointe ventricular tachycardia, hypokalemia, hypotension and circulatory collapse. Similarly, patients with Covid-19 for whom a clinician believes that either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is indicated must receive information, preferably in the form of a fact sheet that clearly summarized the dose, duration of treatment, potential risks, side-effects and drug-drug interactions. cache = ./cache/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311816-j8c2lk7y author = D’Elia, Emilia title = Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where are we and Where are we Going? Intersections Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Heart date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1700 sentences = 94 flesch = 46 summary = 11, 12 An important issue related to the CV impact of COVID-19 is the development of myocardial injury in infected patients, as reported in two Chinese studies by Shi et al. While it is true that in the acute phase of the pandemic many HF patients avoided the emergency room because they were afraid of being infected by COVID-19 in the hospital (with a consequent reduction of HF hospitalisations), it is also true that many complicated cases are now being observed. How much will cardiac injury or pulmonary embolism due to COVID-19 affect the natural history of patients with chronic HF following the acute phase of the infection? Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Association of cardiac injurt with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311838-ymn96yj4 author = LIU)刘茜玮(, Qianwei title = Analysis of the Influence of the Psychology Changes of Fear Induced by the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Body date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4200 sentences = 183 flesch = 46 summary = In this epidemic, some studies have found that when patients are diagnosed as suspected cases, most patients will fall into a psychological state of crisis, often with abnormal emotional excitement, shock, denial, anger, and do not cooperate with treatment work; while when patients are in isolation treatment, there is an increased sense of fear of the disease, accompanied by anxiety and depression [6] . In the COVID-19 epidemic, medical workers risk being infected by the virus at any time, and suffer from a variety of physical and mental distress in the rescue process, mainly manifested as physical reactions such as physical decline, dizziness and dyspnea, accompanied by psychological changes such as fear, anxiety, depression, fear and so on. There are many ways to reduce anxiety and fear in modern medicine, such as medicine, relaxation training, self-suggestion, At present, the following problems still deserve attention: first, many surveys during COVID-19 showed that front-line health care workers, staff, patients, middle-aged, elderly people and parturients are the groups that psychological survey researchers pay more attention to. cache = ./cache/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311669-112kxj5s author = Imdad, Kashif title = A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint in India date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9106 sentences = 401 flesch = 47 summary = Such a situation has especially emerged in India, where thousands of migrant workers mostly from the southern and western zones of the country, have thronged bus terminals and railway stations or have even attempted to travel across states on foot (Lal 2020; Singh 2020) , raising the spectre of further widespread community transmission and the incursion of the virus into especially socioeconomically vulnerable areas (and more importantly into rural hinterlands) that are ill-equipped in terms of healthcare (both at the individual and community level for resident populations and returning migrantsNacoti et al. In the first phase ( Figure 3A ), cases were reported from western India (around Mumbai and Ahmedabadtwo of the main commercial hubs of the country), from around New Delhi (the national capital) and Ladakh (popular tourist destination and a prominent Indian Army base) and from the southern states of Kerala (from where many residents migrate/travel for work to the Gulf region), Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka (all of which have major metropolitan centres and commercial hubs-Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru). cache = ./cache/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311871-13n4st4q author = Blaivas, Michael title = Unexpected finding of myocardial depression in 2 healthy young patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia: possible support for COVID‐19‐related myocarditis date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1010 sentences = 71 flesch = 49 summary = This article presents 2 cases of generally healthy patients who were noted to have classic COVID‐19 bilateral pneumonia findings on lung ultrasound and incidentally discovered to have unsuspected left ventricular dysfunction likely resulting from myocarditis. also been widespread recognition that lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is highly accurate for pneumonia diagnosis and monitoring, as well as other settings outside of COVID-19, without the high cost and radiation exposure encountered with chest CT. However, in addition to lung involvement, there are increasing anecdotal reports regarding pericardial effusions and electrical However, bilateral pleural abnormalities were found associated with scattered sub-pleural consolidations and comet tail artifacts in a distribution consistent with typical lung ultrasound findings in COVID-19 pneumonia (Video 1). These cases serve to raise the awareness of emergency physicians and others treating COVID-19 patients to consider evaluating the heart with POCUS, not just for pericardial effusion but also for left ventricular systolic function on a more routine basis. cache = ./cache/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311679-m6poosn3 author = Santos, Glenn-Milo title = Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5585 sentences = 222 flesch = 47 summary = There is an urgent need to examine the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and testing, and HIV treatment and care impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM in order to understand how this marginalized population is uniquely affected by this pandemic and the COVID-19 response, and to help inform the targeting of strategies to ameliorate these impacts. Furthermore, there is a need to examine whether sub-populations of gay men and other MSM are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, including among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Moreover, more than four in five gay men and other MSM not living with HIV reported less than definite access to PrEP and PEP during the COVID-19 pandemic, with access for these HIV prevention tools being similar across all groups, including among racial minorities, immigrants, and people who engage in sex work. cache = ./cache/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311673-z4hkw17g author = Uzzan, Mathieu title = Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics - lung axis hypothesis date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2969 sentences = 154 flesch = 40 summary = As the visceral fat possesses an intense immune activity, is involved in metabolic syndrome and is at the crossroad between the intestines, the systemic circulation and the lung, we hypothesized that it plays a major role in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several factors may increase intestinal permeability including, direct enterocyte damage by SARS-CoV2, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and epithelial ischemia secondary to SARS-CoV2associated endothelial dysfunction. This increase permeability further leads to translocation of microbial components such as MAMPS (microbial-associated molecular pattern), triggering an inflammatory immune response by TLR-expressing cells of the mesentery fat (mostly macrophages and adipocytes). As the increased volume of mesentery fat in overweight men play a key role in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome [8] , we hypothesized that the visceral adipose tissue plays a central role in severe forms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311758-wof4yi39 author = Clauw, Daniel J. title = Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 165 flesch = 43 summary = The experience of living within this pandemic has disrupted daily life across all sectors, including those living with chronic pain (CP), those infected with the coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV2, healthcare providers and essential workers, as well as those who remained physically healthy. Specific possibilities might include: (1) CP as part of a postviral syndrome or the result of viral-associated organ damage; (2) worsening of CP due to exacerbation of preexisting pain physical or mental complaints; and (3) CP newly triggered in individuals not infected with COVID by exacerbation of risk factors (poor sleep, inactivity, fear, anxiety, and depression). In a small study of 22 subjects (21 of whom were healthcare workers) infected during the SARS epidemic, a chronic post-SARS syndrome consisting of fatigue, diffuse myalgia, depression, and nonrestorative sleep persisted for almost 2 years. cache = ./cache/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311848-8n9ee57a author = Giesen, Nicola title = Evidence-based Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients – Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7678 sentences = 516 flesch = 48 summary = It was prepared by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) by critically reviewing the currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in cancer patients applying evidence-based medicine criteria. We do not 285 recommend to delay/discontinue radiotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy or surgery in 286 cancer patients without suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (DII u ) as no impact on mortality 287 of such prior treatments was seen in several large cohort studies of 20, 31, 40, 94 288 In patients with COVID-19, it is strongly recommended to delay/discontinue chemotherapy, if 289 possible, as chemotherapy within two weeks of admission was a major risk factor for severe COVID-290 19 in a large Chinese cohort study (AII u ). Clinical characteristics and risk factors 38 associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, 39 retrospective, cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311872-09jzyyin author = Effenberger, Maria title = Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2972 sentences = 192 flesch = 52 summary = AIMS: We explored a link between systemic IL-6, related acute phase proteins and liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In December 2019, a series of patients with pneumonia caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province in China [1] . Previous studies found that ACE2 expression is related to the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV infection, and mediates the production of cytokines in ARDS [11, 12] . In line with a critical impact of systemic inflammation and specifically IL-6 on liver injury, we noted a direct correlation between acute phase proteins and IL-6 in the serum of COVID-19 patients with elevated AST. Based on previous reports and our study, with the limitation of the Cross-sectional design, we propose that the systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection to COVID-19 patients serves as a fuel of hepatic injury. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312002-4qhvljpv author = Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin title = COVID-19 pandemic and Farr’s law: A global comparison and prediction of outbreak acceleration and deceleration rates date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5434 sentences = 252 flesch = 56 summary = However, a 150-year old epidemics law promulgated by William Farr might be useful as a simple arithmetical model (percent increase [R1] and acceleration [R2] of new cases and deaths) to provide a first sight of the epidemic behavior and to detect regions with high predicted dynamics. In this study, we will model COVID-19 current data (until April 10, 2020) of new confirmed cases and deaths, from 210 countries as to test the assumptions of the 1840 Farr's law, to describe the epidemic dynamics, and also to make predictions to identify areas with high dynamic and suggest preparation and actions of health system in those regions. cache = ./cache/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311847-2czqs84q author = Pennisi, Manuela title = SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9002 sentences = 433 flesch = 40 summary = Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). Although there are limitations in the epidemiological studies carried on COVID-19, as well as limited case records for determining the actual incidence of these complications, some patients reported neurological symptoms, but clinical findings and pathogenic features have not yet systematically addressed. The aims of this review are i) to summarize the available information on the relationship between CoVs and the nervous system, ii) to identify the potential targets and routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the nervous system, and iii) to describe the range of the neurological features reported to date in patients with COVID-19 and the proposed pathogenic mechanisms. Indeed, no axonal transport of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain has been demonstrated in the hamster model during the first two weeks after infection [89] , and no viral accumulation or persistence has been reported in cerebral olfactory regions of autopsy material from patients with COVID-19 [90] . cache = ./cache/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311926-n7co0jtu author = Donà, Daniele title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective of an Italian Tertiary Care Pediatric Center date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3176 sentences = 132 flesch = 51 summary = Predicting a rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within our region, the Department for Women's and Children's Health promptly decided (i) to revise the distribution of the clinical areas in order to create both designated COVID-19 and COVID-19-free areas with their own access, (ii) to reinforce infection prevention control (IPC) measures for all healthcare workers and administrative staff and (iii) to adopt the new "double-gate approach": a phone call pre-triage and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection before the admission of all patients and caregivers. • to ensure the protection of the healthcare workers, as the top priority; • to rigorously implement all the conventional rules emanated by the WHO for preventing the infection • to minimize the risk of admitting into hospital asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patients; • to adapt/transform some hospital areas in order to be able to admit and treat suspected/confirmed; COVID-19 pediatric patients Predicting a rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within our region, in the afternoon of February 24th the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Padua University Hospital called for an emergency meeting with all the department chairmen and the mandates received were: cache = ./cache/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311889-fntwg3g8 author = Alizadehsani, R. title = Risk Factors Prediction, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5395 sentences = 381 flesch = 58 summary = Early identification of risk factors and clinical outcomes might help to identify critically ill patients, provide proper treatment and prevent mortality. Fever, dyspnea, weakness, shivering, C-reactive protein (CRP), fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, sweating and age were the most important symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Our data showed significant difference between healthy and COVID-19 cases with regard to the symptoms like fever (P-value=1.99E-12), dyspnea (P-value= 2.99E-11), weakness (P-value=3.16E-11), shivering (P-value=1.01E-09), fatigue (P-value=6.60E-09) and dry cough (P-value=9.53E-09). We observed a significant association between older age (P-value=2.82E-05), history of heart disease (P-value=0.00654), and history of cancer (P-value=0.012863) with COVID-19 mortality compared to healthy subjects. The main findings of our study are the significant association between symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, weakness, shivering, fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, and sweating with COVID-19. Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312094-czuw4t7i author = Radic, Aleksandar title = Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8881 sentences = 418 flesch = 54 summary = The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. The CDC's No Sail Order in combination with poor liquidity of cruise line companies due to the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has created an unprecedented event leaving 100,000 cruise ship employees stuck at sea for months without any certainty when they will be repatriated to their homes [45] . In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship employees that are stuck at sea are experiencing particularly high levels of stress that may develop mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, cruise line companies do not have a strategy for managing various negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees who are stuck at sea. cache = ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311853-k6efd9vg author = Lim, Rachel HF title = Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1253 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = Chow et al reported a marked decline in influenza incidence in Singapore during the first four months of 2020, likely attributable to public health measures aimed at controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1) . As part of routine infectious disease surveillance for these institutions, we reviewed the results of all urinary streptococcal antigen tests performed, as well as the number of notifications submitted to the Ministry of Health for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (a notifiable disease for which reporting is mandatory for all clinicians and clinical laboratories), from the years 2010 to 2020. We postulate that the public health COVID-19 prevention measures introduced in Singapore resulted in an inadvertent decrease in pneumococcal disease transmission. In conclusion, we observed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease at our institution that corresponded with the time period when public health measures were implemented to control COVID-19, suggesting that these measures had also had an inadvertent effect on the transmission of S. cache = ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311752-stqrf50k author = Akbariqomi, Mostafa title = Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2624 sentences = 135 flesch = 46 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran Aim To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics along with outcomes of hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without diabetes. Hence, in this study it was aimed to evaluate and compare demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes from a single medical center in Iran. The present research was a retrospective study of 595 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 which were analyzed in the cases of baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: a two-center, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author = Pau, Alice K. title = Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1796 sentences = 98 flesch = 48 summary = In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312029-xsojdbdk author = Sham, Lauren title = The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1429 sentences = 72 flesch = 48 summary = title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia As requirements for physical distancing have led to restrictions on the availability of health care services, many countries have adapted methods of telemedicine to sustain care access for patients [1] , while making difficult decisions surrounding which aspects of direct clinical care can be deferred and the time span acceptable for delaying chronic medical care [2] . The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia Beyond our original goals, this program has provided a unique model of health care access for a chronic medical condition during times of infectious disease outbreaks requiring physical distancing, which is feasible to implement in a developing region where telehealth mechanisms are limited. cache = ./cache/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312183-zkoj5d8c author = Frydman, Galit H. title = Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4474 sentences = 240 flesch = 37 summary = Recent studies have shown severe pulmonary and cardiac pathology, associated with increased thrombosis, is prevalent in African Americans with severe COVID-19. 65 Although clinical SCD is only present in an estimated 100 000 patients in the United States, the sickle cell trait is present in up to 8% of the African American population, with SCD flagged as an important risk factor for VTE. 87, 88 Among the population of African Americans who are infected with COVID-19, some of these patients may already reside in a prothrombotic state prior to COVID-19 because of higher baseline concentrations of FVIII, vWF, and D-dimer, as well as increased platelet activation. Coupled with the higher rate of preexisting conditions that predispose patients to higher rates of COVID-19 and disease, and the lower rate of therapeutic anticoagulation even when warranted, variation in coagulation status may be one of the factors that puts African Americans at higher risk. cache = ./cache/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312137-u260m04t author = Morrison, Daniel R. title = Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3375 sentences = 199 flesch = 50 summary = Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic. With this context in mind, the current paper will retrospectively discuss the approach of the head and neck surgery (HNS) division of our tertiary care center in Birmingham, AL with regard to surgical care, outpatient care, and academics. Until March 27th, clinics were continued on a limited basis to head and neck patients with an urgent need; new confirmed cancer diagnoses, post-op care, or patients with worsening symptoms due to their disease process/malignancy. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2(COVID19) pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312038-g76cpjp7 author = Brunaugh, Ashlee D. title = Broad-Spectrum, Patient-Adaptable Inhaled Niclosamide-Lysozyme Particles are Efficacious Against Coronaviruses in Lethal Murine Infection Models date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11043 sentences = 517 flesch = 47 summary = Utilizing repurposed NIC, and with the goal of developing a therapeutically effective, rapidly scalable and globally distributable antiviral therapy to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, we describe an inhalable NIC formulation that can be administered using three major models or respiratory tract delivery systems: DPI, nasal spray and nebulizer. At the highest dose tested (0.125 µg/mL NIC), Vero cells with an established MERS-CoV infection exhibited an 82.2% ± 0.8% decrease in viral load compared to untreated controls after 24-hours of exposure to NIC-hLYS particles ( Fig 1D) . While brain viral titres did not exhibit further reduction from levels noted in the preliminary efficacy study, the inoculation of Vero E6 cells with viral particles obtained from lung and brain homogenates of surviving animals resulted in no observation of CPE at any of the inoculum concentrations tested, which indicates that remaining viral particles were not active. cache = ./cache/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312192-hxhohtmj author = Zhu, Lan title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3420 sentences = 210 flesch = 51 summary = title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. PATIENT SUMMARY: Immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment. In this study, we enrolled 10 patients with laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 pneumonia from among the renal transplant recipients who had been followed up long term in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Serving as control patients without immunosuppression, the 10 family members with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia had a mean age of 42.3 AE 14.4 yr, which was similar to that of the infected transplant recipients (45.0 AE 14.0 yr, p > 0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312057-4zfaqkxm author = Leppla, Idris E. title = Optimizing Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1666 sentences = 90 flesch = 50 summary = In the setting of COVID-19, opioid use disorder treatment paradigms are being disrupted, including the fact that methadone clinics are scrambling to give "take-home" doses where they would typically not. The rapid transition away from in-person examination, dosing and group therapy in an era of social isolation calls for adjustments to clinical practice, including emphasizing patient-provider communication, favoring new inductees on buprenorphine and leveraging technology to optimize safety of medication treatment. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is disrupting opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment paradigms, which have traditionally relied on in-person examination, medication dispensing, counseling sessions, and group therapy. We review and provide guidance for clinicians regarding 3 prongs of medication treatment of OUD affected by COVID-19 healthcare mandates: methadone take-homes, buprenorphine treatment, and antagonist therapy. FAQs: Provision of methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in the COVID-19 emergency cache = ./cache/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312178-tojgojjf author = Segars, James title = Prior and Novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19, and Human Reproduction: What Is Known? date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5355 sentences = 309 flesch = 48 summary = Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or MERS, but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the globe. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads rapidly, with 2-3 people infected from every index case, a reproduction number (R 0 ) or transmission rate of 2.24 -3.58 (2) . The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the impact of prior coronaviruses and the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproduction and pregnancy. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: Report of two cases & review of the literature An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312194-1jiaghrb author = Brondani, M. title = The HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Parallel in Dentistry from the Perspectives of the Oral Health Care Team date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4764 sentences = 226 flesch = 53 summary = KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The COVID-19 pandemic has unraveled potential societal implications in a parallel to the HIV/AIDS era from the perspectives of oral health care providers and their staff. Interview questions included but were not limited to the following: 1) "What do you know about the COVID-19 outbreak?" 2) "What do you know about the transmission of the virus?" 3) "Why is this pandemic relevant to oral health care?" 4) "What do you understand by being prepared to provide oral health care during the pandemic?" While we did not plan to ask questions about HIV/AIDS in particular, the nature of qualitative inquiry allowed us to probe for that information after participants willingly compared the 2 pandemics from various perspectives. Our main objective with this qualitative inquiry was to unravel the potential professional and social implications of the COVID-19 pandemic according to members of oral health care teams from across British Columbia, Canada. cache = ./cache/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311970-o9xao5rl author = Ayerbe, Luis title = The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19 date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 118 flesch = 51 summary = This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. This treatment can be associated with the clinical improvement of the patients, and decrease the duration of admissions and the mortality of Covid-19. This study investigates the association of the use of heparin with mortality in a large number of patients admitted with Covid-19. The administration of heparin was associated with lower mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. A recent observational study conducted in a hospital has also reported lower mortality among the 786 Covid-19 patients who received anticoagulation [13] . Randomized controlled trials are necessary to complement observational studies, and assess the causal associations between heparin, in different therapeutic regimes, and clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312205-j8szwaqj author = Giuntoli, Michele title = Lessons learnt from COVID 19: An Italian multicentric epidemiological study of orthopaedic and trauma services date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 175 flesch = 58 summary = METHODS: We reported and compared traumatological and elective orthopaedic surgeries performed in three of the main hospital centres in Tuscany during COVID (March 2020) and pre-COVID (March 2019) era. The most important changes in our health system have been the delaying of elective surgeries and non-urgent ambulatory visits, the internal re-organization of hospital wards to better distribute the health workers and to create separate COVID areas and the implementations of ICUs. In this scenario, orthopaedic and traumatological activities have changed in our departments and a new resource targeted allocation has been necessary to better face the emergency and to give the best cares to the patients, as well reported in other studies [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Concerning orthopaedic-first aid visits data, we report the number of total visits, age and sex of patients, the kind (i.e domestic, sport, traffic, work, enclosed spaces, school and beach injuries) and the type (i.e. fractures, polytraumas, articular dislocations, sprains/contusions, others) of trauma. cache = ./cache/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312185-ojdrzskl author = Zhao, Dahai title = Evidence-Based Framework and Implementation of China’s Strategy in Combating COVID-19 date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4556 sentences = 237 flesch = 56 summary = This article aims to use empirical data from all cases from a prefecture-level city of China to introduce and examine the feasibility and efficiency of the screening and isolation strategies and how these were essential in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: For this retrospective study, all confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited from the Taizhou prefecture-level city of Zhejiang province, China. Patient information included demographics, epidemiological data, close contact history, whether patients were from Wuhan or other places outside of Taizhou, dates when the cases were confirmed, exposure tracing dates, dates when first symptoms presented, first hospitals where and when patients were admitted for symptoms, and clinical outcomes. 19 Subsequent to the replications of methods and data in the reports, it can be deduced that all prefecturelevel cities in China (except for Wuhan) implemented good quality, effective, and efficient interventions involving screening and isolation to interrupt the chains of transmission of COVID-19 in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311749-yp313biv author = Chalmers, James D. title = Rewiring the Immune Response in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1943 sentences = 100 flesch = 39 summary = Current concepts regard COVID-19 as a biphasic illness: an initial viral phase with suggested mean duration of 7 days followed by a "hyperinflammatory phase" characterized by host-mediated organ damage and what is widely referred to as a "cytokine storm" (6) . This model of a hyperinflammatory syndrome occurring a week or more after initial infection, leading to ARDS and a need for mechanical ventilation, is further supported by the benefits of dexamethasone in the recently published RECOVERY (Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) trial (9) . Neutrophil metabolic reprogramming, or what the authors refer to as "rewiring," is reported in cystic fibrosis and other conditions in response to inflammatory cytokines and low-level endotoxemia (15) . As IL-6 levels were higher in the more severely ill patients with COVID-19, interestingly, AAT was similarly increased, and the authors demonstrate that positive outcomes were associated with a lower IL-6 relative to AAT. Characterization of the inflammatory response to severe COVID-19 illness cache = ./cache/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312036-5867bc6i author = Decker, Annegrit title = Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding and mild course of COVID‐19 in a patient after recent heart transplantation date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1943 sentences = 142 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we present a 62‐year old male COVID‐19 patient with recent heart transplantation who developed only mild symptoms, but had prolonged virus shedding, and summarize the available data on COVID‐19 in cardiac allograft recipients. [5] [6] [7] Here, we report a mild course of SARS-CoV-2 infection with prolonged virus persistence in a patient only five months after heart transplantation. In fact, in 71.8 % of patients with COVID-19 after heart transplant, immunosuppressive agents have been (partially) discontinued or reduced in dose (Table 1) , thus potentially increasing the risk of organ rejection. 19 In our case, continuation of the immunosuppressant regime was associated with a mild course of COVID-19, though we observed a transient increase in CRP and IL-6. Although the cardiovascular system seems to be a critical target site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a mild course of COVID-19 is possible even in a high-risk patient after recent heart transplantation. cache = ./cache/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311965-3x3tjzhi author = Alexander, Jan title = Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5156 sentences = 273 flesch = 39 summary = Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Clinical and subclinical micronutrient deficiencies common in older adults are known to contribute to decreased immune function and age-related diseases [11] , implying that nutritional management is essential to reduce the risk of severe infection [12] . In view of a lack of clinical data on preventive and/or therapeutic efficiency of the nutritive adequacy of selenium, zinc, and vitamin D in COVID-19, we, in the present narrative review, discussed recent clinical data on the role of these micronutrients in the protection against bronchopulmonary infections, as well as the existing indications of their impact on COVID-19. We did a literature search for the period 2010-2020 on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar with the keywords of SARS, SARS-CoV-2, COVID 19, coronavirus, micronutrients (zinc, selenium, vitamin D), immune system, inflammation, prevention, and treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312251-t6omrr07 author = Vancheri, Sergio Giuseppe title = Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: time-dependence after the onset of symptoms date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3502 sentences = 189 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVE: To analyze the most frequent radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia and assess the effectiveness of chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting pulmonary alterations. Alteration's type (reticular/ground-glass opacity (GGO)/consolidation) and distribution (bilateral/unilateral, upper/middle/lower fields, peripheral/central) were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent lesions in COVID-19 patients were GGO (intermediate/late phase) and reticular alteration (early phase) while consolidation gradually increased over time. Our study aimed to evaluate the percentage of abnormal chest radiographs at different time intervals from the onset of symptoms and to identify the type and distribution of radiographic alterations and their frequency at different times throughout the disease course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest CT showed high sensitivity in detecting GGO, which is considered a typical finding in COVID-19 pneumonia and, in some cases, may be the only alteration present in the early phases of the disease [3, 16] . cache = ./cache/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312172-bkygtdeo author = Malhotra, Atul title = ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2115 sentences = 106 flesch = 39 summary = Metformin is a widely available anti-diabetic agent that has an excellent safety profile, and clinical and preclinical data suggest metformin may offer cardiopulmonary protection in COVID-19 via enhanced ACE2 expression. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-1 was found to decrease ACE2 expression after binding, and low levels of ACE2 have been implicated in various cardiovascular impairments and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Reddy et al., 2019) . Here, we discuss the rationale for metformin as a safe and currently available therapy that is known to increase ACE2 and may offer cardiopulmonary benefit in patients suffering from COVID-19. Beyond the potential cardiovascular benefits, several studies have suggested metformin may provide pulmonary protection following SARS-CoV-2 infection. If our hypothesis is supported by these studies, it would provide a strong foundation for rational investigations, including clinical trials, focused on metformin as a safe and immediately available treatment for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Effect of preadmission metformin use on clinical outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome among critically ill patients with diabetes cache = ./cache/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311942-oju4gosw author = Grewal, Parneet title = Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: Experience From a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Midwest US date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2743 sentences = 142 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and COVID-19 to our comprehensive stroke center in Chicago, IL, between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Data on the potential increased risk of stroke in COVID19 has not yet been reported in racially diverse patient populations such as Latinos and African-Americans (4, 5) . In this manuscript, we report clinical and laboratory characteristics along with outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who presented to our comprehensive stroke center in Chicago, IL, between March 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. These included age, gender, ethnicity, pre-existing vascular risk factors, admission vital signs, laboratory values, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and at discharge (or at the time of data collection for patients still hospitalized). "COVID" group had more Abbreviations: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome virus; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. cache = ./cache/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312313-guphuppy author = Patel, Zara M title = Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1576 sentences = 87 flesch = 50 summary = 1 The COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating within the United States, and any information that we can gain from our international colleagues who have already experienced this, or are currently going through it, should be utilized to protect our patients, our hospital teams, and ourselves. Personal communication with colleagues deployed in Wuhan, China to combat the COVID-19 outbreak, have warned us about the potential risks of endonasal endoscopic surgery in COVID-19 symptomatic patients. When endonasal surgery cannot be postponed in a COVID-19 positive patient, based on guidelines now being used in China, we have recommended to our institutional officials that we utilize full powered air purifying respirator (an enclosed powered system with high efficiency particulate air filter), acknowledging that they have challenging decisions surrounding allocation of limited resources that are urgently needed by our critical care teams taking care COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312278-rin733w4 author = Wang, Yung‐Chih title = Current diagnostic tools for coronaviruses–From laboratory diagnosis to POC diagnosis for COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2250 sentences = 171 flesch = 53 summary = 22 For detecting the presence of novel infectious diseases, the gold standard method has been the use of qRT-PCR for the detection of 29 Saliva has also been approved as a noninvasive specimen for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Another well-known test is the Vivalytic COVID-19 test (Bosch, Germany), which delivers results in less than 2.5 hr using multiplex PCR and μArray-detection to identify SARS-CoV-2. All of these tests employ PCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and can provide results within 72 hr. Second, all of these at-home kits are designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA during early-stage infection, but they are not used to determine the presence of antibodies. Detection of SARS coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome by conventional and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using fieldeffect transistor-based biosensor Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis cache = ./cache/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312366-8qg1fn8f author = Adiga, Aniruddha title = Mathematical Models for COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8797 sentences = 472 flesch = 49 summary = As the pandemic takes hold, researchers begin investigating: (i) various intervention and control strategies; usually pharmaceutical interventions do not work in the event of a pandemic and thus nonpharmaceutical interventions are most appropriate, (ii) forecasting the epidemic incidence rate, hospitalization rate and mortality rate, (iii) efficiently allocating scarce medical resources to treat the patients and (iv) understanding the change in individual and collective behavior and adherence to public policies. Like projection approaches, models for epidemic forecasting can be broadly classified into two broad groups: (i) statistical and machine learning-based data-driven models, (ii) causal or mechanistic models-see 29, 30, 2, 31, 32, 6, 33 and the references therein for the current state of the art in this rapidly evolving field. In the context of COVID-19 case count modeling and forecasting, a multitude of models have been developed based on different assumptions that capture specific aspects of the disease dynamics (reproduction number evolution, contact network construction, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312340-hpuoren5 author = Holstein, Sarah A. title = Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID‐19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1964 sentences = 91 flesch = 40 summary = Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient's cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials. Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient's cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials. Despite the barriers that lead to this low rate of participation, clinical trials remain the cornerstone for improving oncology patient outcomes through the development of new therapies. To this end, there are many groups, including ASCO and the American Society of Hematology, that have created registries in order to collect data on outcomes of oncology patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is imperative that comprehensive immune profiling studies be performed to evaluate the immune responses in these patient populations and that oncology patients be included in COVID-19 clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312360-ynemtqua author = Zhao, Ruxing title = Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5052 sentences = 253 flesch = 47 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishable immunological parameters, which represented clinical relevancies with the predisposed disease severity in T2D. In this retrospective pilot study, we examined the population of leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets, humoral immunity, infection-related biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in two subcohorts of sex-and age-matched clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. As increases in neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were most recently established as predicative markers of severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection [20] , we further conducted logistic regression analysis to verify whether neutrophilia represents an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in T2D. These preliminary data suggested that an abnormal increase in neutrophil count and its contribution to COVID-19 severity may be associated with dysregulated immune response in T2D. And the abnormal increase in neutrophil count and its contribution to COVID-19 severity may be associated with innate dysregulation of immune response in T2D [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312252-4l3ok44o author = Elbeddini, Ali title = Barriers to conducting deprescribing in the elderly population amid the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2878 sentences = 163 flesch = 37 summary = Barriers to deprescribing before the pandemic include patient and system related factors, such as resistance to change, patient's knowledge deficit about deprescribing, lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescriber's attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy. Some of these barriers can be mitigated by using the following interventions:patient education, prioritization of non-pharmacological therapy, incorporation of electronic health record (EHR), continuous prescriber education, and development of research studies on deprescribing. Barriers to deprescribing before COVID-19, such as resistance to change, knowledge deficit about deprescribing, and lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescribers' attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy need to be managed through different interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312374-gu9tq48n author = Martin Arranz, Eduardo title = Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2486 sentences = 131 flesch = 48 summary = The survey included items in 5 sections asking about the structure of IBD units, structural changes adopted because of the current pandemic, recommendations regarding immunosuppressive and biologic treatments during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adopted measures regarding suspected COVID-19 in patients with IBD, and management of patients with IBD with confirmed COVID-19. During the COVID-19 crisis, 100% of hospitals surveyed have cancelled elective onsite consultation and changed to phone assistance, 40% have also attended patients via e-mail, and 13% have used social media to inform patients about the latest updates regarding IBD and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected Spain, with 205,905 cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 22,902 deaths registered up to April 24, 2020, and has forced all hospitals to change their clinical practice, suspending all ambulatory procedures to minimize the risk of infection and relocating doctors and nurses to attend COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312218-qtxh4ttp author = Chakraborty, Jayajit title = Social Inequities in the Distribution of COVID-19: An Intra-Categorical Analysis of People with Disabilities in the U.S. date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2190 sentences = 117 flesch = 41 summary = OBJECTIVE: This article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and disability characteristics in the U.S. The objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. 5, 8, 9 While recent studies have documented greater COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates in U.S. counties containing higher proportions of non-White and socioeconomically disadvantaged residents, 10-12 research on the socio-spatial distribution of COVID-19 burdens has paid limited attention to PwDs. To address this gap, this article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and disability characteristics in the U.S. The specific objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on their race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. cache = ./cache/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312399-7oaerpee author = Park, Joo-Hyun title = The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4653 sentences = 222 flesch = 52 summary = title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. All type of reports in the English language that contained the descriptions of clinical features and CT findings except for the review articles were included in a data-set for detailed review, and two reviewers included only studies with data on four or more patients (case-series, cohort, or observational study) into the data-set to provide a higher level of evidence Fever was found to be the most common clinical manifestation in all coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. cache = ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312362-i18rlo2r author = Yan, Linlin title = The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3817 sentences = 235 flesch = 47 summary = title: The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style A recent online survey found that moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety, and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8%, and 16.5%, respectively, However, few studies explored the relationship between perceived stress related to the current pandemic and emotional distress. This study aimed to explore (a) whether the level of perceived stress to the COVID-19 pandemic would link with emotional distress (i.e., depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria), (b) whether boredom proneness would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress, (c) and whether the direct path between perceived stress and emotional distress would be moderated by individuals' coping style. The results demonstrated that individuals who experienced greater perceived stress about the COVID-19 pandemic reported more emotional distress measured by PQEEPH including depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria. cache = ./cache/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312484-epbhdx55 author = Wang, Hongliang title = COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 982 sentences = 69 flesch = 48 summary = title: COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China Education and training of staffs As soon as the outbreak of COVID-19 began in Wuhan, the Heilongjiang provincial health administration department started to launch training protocols for all the medical staffs. Heilongjiang province set up a multidisciplinary team (MDT) soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, including intensive care unit (ICU), emergency department, infectious disease department, respiratory department, psychological department, infection control department, administrative department, and nursing department. Medical staffs of the whole province, especially intensivist, respiratory physician, emergency physician, and infectious disease physician, were assigned to work in the designated hospitals. The group members included provincial health authorities, medical experts, and infection control experts. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China We would like to thank all the medical staffs and local authorities of Heilongjiang province for their efforts in combating the outbreak of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312388-pc89ybxw author = Singhania, Namrata title = Current Overview on Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4207 sentences = 209 flesch = 41 summary = ACE-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, C4d complement 4d, C5b-9 complement 5b-9, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, IL interleukin, K clot formation time, LY30 clot lysis at 30 min, MA maximum amplitude, MAC membrane attack complex, MASP2 mannose-binding proteinassociated serine protease 2, R reaction time, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TEG thromboelastography, vWF von Willebrand factor showed small and firm thrombi in peripheral parenchyma [5] . Routine laboratory testing was performed in 24 critically ill COVID-19 patients and identified several abnormalities, including normal or slightly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), normal or increased platelet count, and increased D-dimer and fibrinogen levels [12] . In a series of 184 patients (all patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulation) with severe COVID-19 and in the ICU, VTE was reported in 27% [16] ; the study was associated with a 13% mortality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312114-lcyv211y author = Graichen, Heiko title = The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic–a German perspective date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2614 sentences = 135 flesch = 58 summary = The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In a time, when all resources are bundled fighting against the virus, the role of Orthopaedics within the Hospital organisation is changing a lot. All team members were informed and trained on those guidelines, however, with the increasing number of Covid-19 positive patients and employees the number of contact persons who also needed to be quarantined became so high, that a routine shift sometimes was not possible. In this new unit, only Covid-19 positive patients with mild symptoms will be bundled and all orthopaedic surgeons will become part of an interdisciplinary team. cache = ./cache/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312356-95yyi0jb author = Hernández-Huerta, Daniel title = The impact of COVID-19 on Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 566 sentences = 33 flesch = 43 summary = Moreover, mental health staff often has inadequate training on the management of respiratory infectious diseases, which adds to some features of patients with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as inadequate insight or psychomotor excitement, being unable to practice infection control measures, as well as limited awareness regarding the risk of infection, that may contribute to the transmission of COVID-19. We are also facing new diagnostic challenges, as many patients admitted to the psychiatric ward are simultaneously been treated for COVID-19. Regrettably, because of the shortage of isolation rooms for SARS-CoV-2 positive cases who suffer from mental illness decompensation comorbidities, physical restraint practices could increase in order to guarantee confinement and infection control measures. We call for the creation of state policies that mitigate the health impact of such catastrophe, with urgency in relation to patients at Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Units. The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform cache = ./cache/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312519-31mrmgmk author = Dauerman, Harold L. title = The Unbearable Thrombus of COVID-19: Primary PCI, Thrombus, and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 441 sentences = 28 flesch = 37 summary = Via detailed angiographic comparison to a COVID-19-negative control group, they observed a dramatic increase in thrombus burden that may compliment prior insights into the pathophysiology of the COVID-19 pandemic. High thrombus burden in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19: clinical and angiographic outcomes Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care in Hong Kong Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST-segmentelevation myocardial infarction presentations and in-hospital outcomes Angiographic stent thrombosis after routine use of drug-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the importance of thrombus burden Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection cache = ./cache/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312434-yx24golq author = Deng, Ziqin title = Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Human Coronaviruses: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6219 sentences = 294 flesch = 49 summary = Here, we apply bibliometric analysis along with visualization tools to analyze 15,207 publications related to human coronavirus from the Scopus database, using indicators on publication and citation, journal, country or territory, affiliation and international cooperation, author, and keyword co-occurrence cluster. Therefore, in order to accurately, effectively and systematically reveal connections within the human coronavirus field, our study applied bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze human coronaviruses-related publications and citations, countries and affiliations, as well as journal performance, author impact and keyword cooccurrence cluster. According to these keywords, human coronavirus diseases like "SARS, " "MERS" and COVID-19 may have something worthwhile for comparison with other "infectious diseases" like "influenza" in their epidemiological characteristics; "healthcare workers, " "transmission, " "surveillance, " "quarantine, " or "isolation" may be the focuses of these studies, which can help to promote current disease control and prevention measures. cache = ./cache/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312293-2h37qxcg author = Kennelly, Brendan title = The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5826 sentences = 297 flesch = 57 summary = Transparency, a commitment to a relatively open data policy, the use of traditional and social media to inform the population, and the frequency of updates from the Department of Health and the Health Services Executive are all commendable and have led to a high level of compliance among the general public with the various non-medical measures introduced by the government. We analyse the available data on cases, hospitalisations and deaths, and outline the key public health initiatives undertaken by the government in Ireland. Ireland has followed a multi-faceted approach to the COVID-19 crisis involving measures to: 1) limit the spread of the virus in the community and specific institutional settings, 2) test and trace suspected contacts, 3) ensure that there were adequate healthcare services and equipment available for people who became seriously ill with the virus, and 4) limit the financial burden on individuals and businesses due to the response to the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312398-teu3tdbq author = Pocard, Marc title = A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified? date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 646 sentences = 52 flesch = 62 summary = Thus, if in France tomorrow, a Regional Health Agency (ARS) should require a surgical team to move to a Covid-19-negative center in order to perform cancer surgery, should this be seen as an element of progress and finally an organization that transcends the divides between public and private medicine? Yes, unless this leads to cancer surgery being performed in a Level I center that lacks the authorization (by this same ARS) to operate on cancers. There is also risk that in the aftermath of Covid-19, we will no longer be able to tell these This induces complex situations in ER's and this is highlighted in two texts of this special issue (8, 9) . Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312467-kbhljong author = Boilève, Alice title = COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4117 sentences = 214 flesch = 47 summary = We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. In a situation of predictable shortage of beds and resources due to patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care, the usual perception of cancer with a poor life expectancy population may lead to a limitation of aggressive management of this cohort. Here, we report management of such a specific ICU during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers, and anticipation of the influx of patients. To increase ICU capacity, and to reduce the number of patients admitted in the post-surgical care ward, a large number of non-urgent surgery were postponed, as well as cancer treatments that were adapted to preserve available beds in ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312619-7jpf81yz author = Ilyas, Sadia title = Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5989 sentences = 263 flesch = 48 summary = The exposure to COVID-waste may potentially increase the virus spread by increasing the reproductive number (R 0 ) from its determined range between 2.2 to 3.58 Thus, effective management of COVID-waste including the appropriate disinfect and disposal techniques are necessary to control the pandemic spread, which has not been focused yet albeit posing a similar threat as SARS-CoV-2 itself can have to the public health. The present article reviews the disinfection technologies to control/prevent the novel coronavirus spread and the proper management of COVID-waste including the effective strategies and reprocessing possibilities of the used items. Not only the COVID-waste generated by the hospitals, health centers, and self-quarantines, but the waste generated during the disinfection of public area or, where an infected person visited have been directed to treat as medical waste and collection of those waste in double-packed designated bags are mandatory before sending to burning at the high-temperature incinerator facility. cache = ./cache/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312499-gd2wgti3 author = Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima title = The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1182 sentences = 78 flesch = 42 summary = First, given that pre-school children have six to eight upper airway infections a year [5] caused by rhinovirus, influenza, syncytial respiratory virus, among others and, second, that children infected by SARS-CoV-2 will have mild and non-specific clinical presentations, it is impossible to clinically distinguish COVID-19 from other frequent respiratory infections in the young pediatric population. If diagnosis confirmation is not possible, anesthesiologists will consider children with upper airway infections as suspected COVID-19, and will need to apply appropriate protocols to reduce viral dissemination and risk of contamination. During induction of general anesthesia in suspected and confirmed patients, avoiding positive pressure ventilation using a face mask is recommended in order to reduce aerosol dissemination. Aimed at reducing the risk of contamination, the number of individuals in the operating room should be the minimum required for safe anesthetic induction: two anesthetists and one anesthesia assistant, for example. cache = ./cache/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312305-ll29frwc author = Sun, Shihui title = Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 270 flesch = 52 summary = Herein, we generated and characterized a novel mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain named MASCp36 that causes acute respiratory symptoms and mortality in standard laboratory mice. We further characterized the in vivo replication dynamics of MASCp6 in both young and aged mice, and the results from qRT-PCR showed that high levels of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs were persistent in the lung and tracheas till 4 day post infection (dpi) in aged mice (Fig. 1E) . The skewed age distribution of COVID-19 disease was reproduced in the MASCp36 infected mouse model where more severe symptoms were observed in aged mice when compared to young mice. In addition to the age-related skewed distribution of COVID-19, gender-related differences in distribution of COVID-19 disease is also recapitulated in this MASCp36 infected mouse model with increased susceptibility and enhanced pathogenicity observed in male mice when compared to their female counterparts. cache = ./cache/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312558-w2vjuidm author = Gambardella, J. title = Exosomal microRNAs Drive Thrombosis in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 901 sentences = 61 flesch = 50 summary = To test the hypothesis that exosomal miRNAs are a key determinant of thrombosis in COVID-19, we enrolled 26 patients positive for COVID-19 admitted to the Infectious Disease Departments of University of Naples "Vanvitelli" and San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital (Italy). Equally important, miR-424 has been associated with hypercoagulability whereas low levels of miR-103a have been observed in deep vein thrombosis (5, 12) , although precise mechanisms have not been fully defined for these miRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a functional contribution of exosomal noncoding RNA in COVID19. Limitations of our study include the relatively small population and the fact that we did not determine the exact source of exosomes; nevertheless, since endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be a prominent feature of COVID-19 and to contribute to the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state of the vasculature (2), we speculate that a main source could be represented by endothelial cells, which express these miRNAs in normal conditions (5). cache = ./cache/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312609-gv1khfmo author = Fatima, Nida title = Impact of COVID-19 on neurological manifestations: an overview of stroke presentation in pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1848 sentences = 114 flesch = 47 summary = Therefore, the authors sought to determine the etiology, underlying risk factors, and outcomes among patients with COVID-19 presenting with stroke. Almost all of the patients presented had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review of all available literature on patients infected with novel COVID-19 presenting with stroke to determine the overall impact of this pandemic and outcomes among patients having neurological manifestations. Almost all of the patients had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Our systematic review determined the underlying risk factors leading to stroke among COVID-19 patients, and outcomes among these patients. A recently conducted meta-analysis of 8 studies from China, including 46,248 infected patients, showed that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (17%) and diabetes mellitus (8%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (5%) [18, 19] . cache = ./cache/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312477-2y88gzji author = Mlcochova, P. title = Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4920 sentences = 281 flesch = 52 summary = title: Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. Methods We developed (i) an in vitro neutralization assay using a lentivirus expressing a genome encoding luciferase and pseudotyped with spike protein and (ii) an ELISA test to detect IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then prospectively recruited participants with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a combined nasal/throat swab using the standard laboratory RT-PCR and a validated rapid nucleic acid test. We then prospectively recruited participants with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a combined nasal/throat swab using the standard laboratory RT-PCR and a validated rapid nucleic acid test. cache = ./cache/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312721-e6532xrl author = Ruck, D. J. title = Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1598 sentences = 92 flesch = 51 summary = Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. Applying a two-stage factor analysis to World and European Values Survey data [19, 20] we previously derived cultural value factors-including secularrationality (RAT), cosmopolitanism (COS) and institutional trust (INST)-in over one hundred countries [14, 15] . Figure 3 shows how COVID deaths correlate positively with PC 1 (Adj. r 2 = 0.390, p < 0.0001) and negatively PC2 (Adj. Having explored the principal components of variation, a multivariate regression helps disentangle the joint effects of cultural values, government efficiency and economic incentives. The cultural value of secular-rationalism (RAT) predicted fewer deaths in the first 10 days of the pandemic (Table 1) , but had lost this effect after two weeks ( Figure S3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312777-5925lvue author = Pan, Feng title = Different computed tomography patterns of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) between survivors and non-survivors date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3647 sentences = 192 flesch = 48 summary = This study aimed to compare the chest computed tomography (CT) findings between survivors and non-survivors with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 124 patients underwent a total of 436 chest CT scans with a median interval between adjacent scans of 6 days (IQR 5-12 days) ( On admission, bilateral lung involvement was more common in non-survivors than survivors (97.6% vs. But in this study, patients were hospitalized after a median period of 8 and 9 days after the onset of symptoms in survivor and non-survivor groups, respectively, at which time the predominant findings in both groups corresponded with the progressive stage 15 . In summary, from comparisons between survivors and non-survivors, this study indicated that the presence of predominant crazy-paving pattern on chest CT with the high and rapidly increased CT scores may help to identify the patients at high risk of developing ARDS before clinical deterioration. cache = ./cache/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312722-talu4geh author = Ahmed, Nausheen title = COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1179 sentences = 83 flesch = 51 summary = title: COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient 3, 4 As a result of the high mortality in this population, the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) recently published guidelines on March 18, 2020, suggesting universal testing of patients before admission for cellular therapy or stem cell transplant to mitigate the risk of transmission and outbreaks in transplant wards. 5 Accordingly, at our institution a policy to screen all patients planned for HCT or cellular therapy the day prior to admission with a nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 infection was implemented. 8 The skin rash, such as livedo reticularis and petechial rash have been reported, but our patient's positive SARS-CoV-2 test and biopsy suggest Covid-19 may also cause a more classic viral exanthem. cache = ./cache/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312623-ktswh3fu author = Werthman-Ehrenreich, Amanda title = Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1436 sentences = 98 flesch = 39 summary = title: Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 I describe a novel case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 33-year-old female who presented for altered mental status and proptosis. I describe a novel case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 33-year-old female who presented for altered mental status and proptosis. She was ultimately diagnosed with mucormycosis and orbital compartment syndrome, in addition to COVID-19. Herein I present a case of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a patient who presented to the Emergency Department with altered mental status, proptosis, and COVID-19 infection. The most common clinical presentation of mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral infection, believed to be secondary to inhalation of spores into the paranasal sinuses of a susceptible host [1] . Seventy percent of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis cases have been found to be in patients with diabetes mellitus, most of whom had also developed ketoacidosis at the time of presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312684-3i2r2ahr author = Iba, Toshiaki title = Coagulopathy in COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3630 sentences = 213 flesch = 39 summary = For example, the coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 (SARS-CoV-1) were reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia (55%), thrombocytosis (49%), and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (63%), but the incidence of bleeding was not high [5, 6] . In this respect, Chinese experts noted that in severe cases, patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with coagulation predominant-type coagulopathy [9] . The excess production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the stimulation of cell-death mechanisms and vascular endothelial damage are the major causes of coagulation disorder in any severe infection (Fig. 1) . The major targets of the SARS-CoV-2 are the lung epithelial cell, lymphocyte, and the vascular endothelial cell, and these findings can explain that the clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 is characterized by ARDS, shock, and coagulopathy [12, 47] . cache = ./cache/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312518-510gmyb4 author = Bersanelli, Melissa title = Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2460 sentences = 101 flesch = 33 summary = Moreover, along with the improvement in symptoms related to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, some authors reported a clinical improvement in other irAEs with tocilizumab used in cancer patients with immune-related toxicity from anti-PD-1 agents [21, 22] . The time at which the COVID-19 patient develops the pathologic hyperactivation of the immune response, eventually contributing to the final injury, is probably in the late phase of the disease manifestation, occurring together with the respiratory distress [17] . Since ICI can restore the immune-competence, if on one hand it can be paradoxically needed to develop the cytokine storm characterizing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phase, on the other hand the epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection lay for a lower probability to affect these patients compared with their chemo-treated immune-suppressed counterpart. A systematic review on the emerging association between the occurrence of immune-related adverse events and clinical outcomes with checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancer patients cache = ./cache/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312559-ygh507x2 author = Fiesco-Sepulveda, K. Y. title = Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1890 sentences = 177 flesch = 60 summary = title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its disease COVID-19. Therefore, meta-analyses 248 using Latin American cases would also be ideal for determining how COVID-19 could affect this 249 region, which has some differences, such as lower average age or higher exposure to respiratory 250 infections than other regions like Europe (Amariles et al., 2020a). (2020) concluded that the novel virus could come from a bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate, 168 which is in agreement with reports from the GISAID database Clinical features of patients infected 644 with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and 674 effective national health surveillance Complete genome sequence of a 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) strain isolated 792 in Nepal. cache = ./cache/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312702-fruzsn26 author = Finch, Courtney L. title = Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2785 sentences = 167 flesch = 46 summary = title: Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CTand PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Based on the rather limited X-97 ray findings in the lungs of reported NHP models of SARS-CoV-2 infection with either 98 mild or no clinical signs (11, 25, 27-29), we turned to high-resolution chest CT and 99 Increases in PCLH or PCLH/LV 169 were not seen in the mock-exposed macaques over the entire study (Figure 8a A key advantage of quantifiable CT chest imaging readout over serial euthanasia 212 studies, in addition to potentially reduced experimental animal numbers, is the ability not 213 only to evaluate between-group differences, but also to compare severity and duration of 214 disease at higher resolution in single animals and even in isolated parenchymal areas 215 sequentially. follow-up confirmation of these pilot results in this model of mild-moderate COVID-19 233 is needed to further establish quantifiable lung CT as a reliable disease readout and to 234 forge imaging-pathologic correlates in macaques euthanized at peak radiographic 235 abnormality. cache = ./cache/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312632-g4250q6l author = Cai, Xiaofang title = Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4647 sentences = 230 flesch = 48 summary = Five patients with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation were hospitalized from the emergency department, and were later confirmed to have COVID-19, between 23 January and 20 February 2020, at the Wuhan Children's Hospital. Severe COVID-19 was defined when the pediatric patients Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; WHO, World Health Organization; ICTV, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; CT, computed tomography; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; NK, natural killer; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; IL, interleukin; EEG, electroencephalogram; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2. This might explain why case 3, who was admitted with head trauma but with no respiratory symptoms, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and his lung CT scan showed pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312730-4ejjmab4 author = Wong, Rebecca S. Y. title = The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: an Epidemiological and Clinical Perspective date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6475 sentences = 301 flesch = 51 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started with the detection of an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. In response to the rapidly growing number of confirmed cases and deaths, some measures taken by the Chinese authorities include the quarantine of millions of its citizens with the unprecedented lockdown of many cities, in an attempt to contain the virus and slow down the spread of the disease [3] . One study in China reported a young 22-year-old male who spread SARS-CoV-2 infection to his contacts (1 relative and 6 classmates, all of which were youngsters from 16 to 23 years) just after a few-hour contact during the incubation period, when he was totally asymptomatic [18] , suggesting that the disease is highly infectious during the incubation period. cache = ./cache/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312486-rumqopg0 author = Jacob, Chaim Oscar title = On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11514 sentences = 579 flesch = 44 summary = The question is whether ACE2 expression levels are pertinent to SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the tissues relevant to viral entry and the lungs as its major target, [44, 45] or, given that COVID-19 in its severe form is a systemic disease with multi-organ disfunction [46, 47] , ACE2 expression levels may be important in multiple organs and tissues other than those of the respiratory system. However, the activation of multiple complement pathways, dysregulated neutrophil responses, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be interlinked with SARS-CoV-2 infection and instead serve to drive the severity of the disease [91] . Regarding SLE, the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, a group of investigators suggested that inherent epigenetic dysregulation causing hypomethylation and overexpression of ACE2, the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, might facilitate viral J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f entry, viremia, and increased likelihood of cytokine storm in such patients [153] . cache = ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312618-rxg7sjd9 author = Allcott, Hunt title = Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9682 sentences = 579 flesch = 61 summary = We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas with more Republicans engaged in less social distancing, controlling for other factors including public policies, population density, and local COVID cases and deaths. We then present new survey evidence of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic. To complement the data showing county-level differences in behavior, we use a nationally-representative survey to show that individual behavior and beliefs about social distancing are partisan. Appendix Figure A4 aggregates the number of POI visits at the electoral precinct level and shows similar partisan gaps, even when including county-time fixed effects. These measures are constructed as follows from the Daily Social Distancing SafeGraph data with observations at the census block group-day level for January 27 through July 12. cache = ./cache/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312677-rwznqiib author = Razmi, Mahdieh title = Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6545 sentences = 306 flesch = 39 summary = Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. Various studies have focused on the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, cytokine-targeted therapies (e.g., anakinra, siltuximab, or tocilizumab), passive immunotherapy (convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobulin), mesenchymal stem cells, and bloodpurification therapy, mostly as adjuvant therapy for treatment of the patients with severe COVID-19 and partly have reported promising outcomes. Included clinical studies with 1-63 participants have shown that both antagonists, specially TCZ, are effective in reducing the mortality rate specially in the severely ill patients, improving the symptoms including fever resolution, oxygenation and resolved CT scans, reducing the inflammation markers (ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer), weaning from the ICU hospitalization and ventilation, and dampening the risk of disease progression to ARDS by mitigating the cytokine storm in the NCP patients [60, 62] , as applied for CRS controlling in the CAR-T therapy [90] . cache = ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312798-2cbgnv1h author = Varma, Niraj title = HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3541 sentences = 181 flesch = 36 summary = In light of the current pandemic, monitoring strategies should focus on selecting high-risk patients in need of close surveillance and using alternative remote recording devices to preserve personal protective equipment and protect health care workers from potential contagious harm. High-risk patients would require more continuous monitoring and follow-up QTc measurements using telemetry preferably (but if unavailable, other remote monitoring devices). In the outpatient setting, a recent statement from the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) "cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems." (This does not affect FDA-approved uses for malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.) 51 Exceptions to this practice are acknowledged to occur in some regions, as these drugs have been used outside the United States without regulatory warnings. cache = ./cache/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312795-0e4esl2o author = Puig-Domingo, M. title = COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2636 sentences = 115 flesch = 43 summary = People with diabetes in particular are among those in high-risk categories who can have serious illness if they get the virus, according to the data published so far from the Chinese researchers, but other endocrine diseases such as obesity, malnutrition, and adrenal insufficiency may also be impacted by COVID-19. Contacting the healthcare provider team by telephone, email, or videoconference is also mandatory in case of possible symptoms of COVID-19 infection in order to seek advice concerning the measures to avoid risk of deterioration of diabetes control or the possibility to be referred to another specialist (pneumologist or infectious disease doctor) or in the Emergency Services of the referral hospital to avoid the most serious systemic complication of the viral infection itself. For all these reasons, patients with adrenal insufficiency may be at higher risk of medical complications and eventually at increased mortality risk in the case of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312754-3yhxcfr2 author = Allen, Bradley D. title = Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for re-activation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance practice after peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3679 sentences = 157 flesch = 36 summary = This next phase requires further guidance on the safe and effective practice of CMR highlighted by continued timely performance of urgent CMR studies, including CMR in patients with COVID-19-related cardiac disease ( Fig. 1) , while slowly increasing the number of CMR studies performed in non-COVID patients with semi-urgent and elective indications. When evaluating the appropriate timing to scale up semi-urgent and elective procedures, CMR units should consider coordinating with local and state public health and hospital system officials to review the availability of PPE for staff and patients, testing capacity, CMR facility readiness including physical distancing preparedness in reception areas, and workforce availability (including technologists, nurses, and interpreting physicians). Patients whose CMR procedures were delayed as a result of the pandemic should also be prioritized as much as possible, but it is reasonable to re-assess the appropriateness of the exam and consider the availability or recent performance of alternative diagnostic modalities given the potentially long interval since the original imaging order was placed. cache = ./cache/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312748-9v2bmbod author = Guo, Zhen title = Anticoagulation Management in Severe COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3126 sentences = 165 flesch = 38 summary = OBJECTIVE: To explore special coagulation characteristics and anticoagulation management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assisted patients with coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients are common and possibly increase the propensity for thrombotic events and failure of the oxygenator. A majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have mild symptoms and recover completely; however, approximately 5-14% become severely or critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission 3 . This study aims to summarize the coagulation characteristics, anticoagulation management, and complications of COVID-19 patients who received ECMO support in Shanghai, China. In this study we found that the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were different from those of other viral pneumonia patients in terms of ECMO anticoagulation management and coagulation-related complications. In summary, hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients were common and possibly increased the propensity for thrombotic events and oxygenator membrane failure. cache = ./cache/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312678-81gnmxbk author = Elayeh, Eman title = Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5442 sentences = 266 flesch = 52 summary = Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to evaluate the overall knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanian citizens to the ongoing international situation regarding the emergence and pandemic nature of COVID-19. where N is the sample size, Zα: type one error = 1.96 when α = 5%; Zβ: type two error = 1.28 when β = 10%; Q = 1-P: expected non-prevalence; P = proportion in the population possessing the characteristic of interest (based on the estimate that 50% of the respondents knew general information about COVID-19, its routes of transmission and the main preventative measures), d = one-half of the desired interval of confidence, in this study d = 5%. cache = ./cache/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312759-py2d4rjq author = Thiaw, Ibrahima title = Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2979 sentences = 155 flesch = 47 summary = Building on archaeology's multiple contributions to Africa's past and observed practices of resilience in Senegal by ordinary people in the face of the spread of COVID-19, this essay reflects on the relevance of the archives, including the archaeological record, as usable resources for managing the problems of our times. S'appuyant sur les multiples contributions de l'archéologie pour la connaissance du passé de l'Afrique et sur les pratiques de résilience observées au Sénégal par les individus ordinaires face à la propagaOur contemporary moment is plagued by two major pandemics: COVID-19 on the one hand and racism and coloniality on the other. A few days before the Mira-Locht exchange, there had been an ecstatic reaction to the March 27 prediction of Antonio Guterres, the United Nations General Secretary, on France 24 television channel and Radio France International (RFI), that "even if the population [in Africa] is younger than in developed countries, there will be necessarily millions of deaths" on the continent due to the COVID-19 pandemic (France 24 2020a, b). cache = ./cache/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312835-a60bkohc author = Kohli, Utkarsh title = Fulminant myocarditis and atrial fibrillation in child with acute COVID-19 date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 833 sentences = 60 flesch = 37 summary = COVID-19 has manifested with ventricular dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation (AFib), in adults. We report a 15 year-old girl with acute COVID-19, fulminant myocarditis and AFib. Serum pro-NT BNP, inflammatory markers and high sensitivity troponin concentration were all markedly elevated (Supplement 1). While ventricular dysfunction and the whole gamut of arrhythmias have been reported in adults with acute COVID-19 [1] , pediatric patients have either been asymptomatic or have mostly manifested with mild respiratory illness [2] . Rare pediatric patients with COVID-19 have presented with ventricular dysfunction [3] ; however, arrhythmias such as AFib, which are exceedingly rare in otherwise healthy children, have not been reported in children with acute COVID-19 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . In a recently published single center pediatric series (n=36), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (n=5) and sustained atrial tachycardia (n=1) were noted in approximately 17 % of children with acute COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312801-tllj77up author = Giovannoni, Gavin title = The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3053 sentences = 167 flesch = 47 summary = It is essential to consider the potential risk of morbidity and possible mortality for each MS patient, who may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and develops COVID-19. Assuming that antiviral responses are driven mainly by T-cells, in particular CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and natural-killer cells and less so, at least initially, by B-cells, allows one to construct a hierarchy of immunosuppression of DMTs. The highest risk are the immune reconstitution therapies during the depletion phase of the treatment, i.e. haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), alemtuzumab (Lemtrada), mitoxantrone (Novantrone) and cladribine (Mavenclad). This is why patients on S1P modulators should be at relatively low risk of complications from COVID-19 infection and why it may be safe to continue these treatments during the epidemic. Infection risks among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod, natalizumab, rituximab, and injectable therapies cache = ./cache/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312812-3ghm9qy0 author = Ziadé, Nelly title = The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatology practice: a cross-sectional multinational study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4078 sentences = 205 flesch = 44 summary = The survey comprised 19 close-ended and simple numeric questions about the demographic characteristics, the impact of the pandemic on the rheumatology activity (outpatient visits, day and regular hospitalization) and practice income (expressed in percentages, where 0% corresponds to the absence of impact, and 100% corresponds to a complete suspension of activities), the direct impact on the personal life of the rheumatologists including personal infection with SARS-CoV-2, the impact on mental health (using a simple question), the attitude towards telemedicine, as well as two open-ended questions about the unmet needs and the ways to improve the current practice (Supplementary data 1). The current study highlights the deleterious consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rheumatology practice by Work with health authorities to guarantee the availability of drugs for patients with chronic rheumatic diseases 2 cache = ./cache/cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312812-3ghm9qy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312826-4m54ve8v author = HOERTEL, N. title = Observational Study of Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3940 sentences = 234 flesch = 50 summary = We hypothesized that haloperidol use would be associated with a lower risk of a composite endpoint of intubation or death, and with a shorter time from hospital admission to discharge home in time-to-event analyses that were adjusted for major predictors of respiratory failure and weighted according to propensity scores assessing the probability of haloperidol use. age; obesity (defined as having a body-mass index higher than 30 kg/m 2 or an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) code for obesity (E66.0, E66.1, E66.2, E66.8, E66.9); self-reported smoking status; number of medical conditions associated with increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7-11 which were coded by practitioners based on ICD-10, including diabetes mellitus (E11), diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99), diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99), neoplasms (C00-C96), and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D5-D8); and any medication prescribed according to compassionate use or as part of clinical trials (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, tocilizumab, or sarilumab). cache = ./cache/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312926-j9jybblr author = Dong, W. title = Early Awake Prone and Lateral Position in Non-intubated Severe and Critical Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan: A Respective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 226 flesch = 55 summary = Background Previous studies suggest applying prone position (PP) and lateral position (LP) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for their efficacy in improving oxygenation and lung recruitment.This paper aims to share clinical experiences and outcome of using PP and LP in combination with oxygen therapy (OT) and Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in severe and critical patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes of early application of PP and LP in combination with OT and NIV in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 indicated well tolerance of the therapy and resulted in improving patients' oxygenation in a safe and effective manner. Based on previous clinical experiences in managing patients with severe acute respiratory infection, we used early prone position (PP) and lateral position (LP) in combination with oxygen therapy (OT) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), as supportive therapies, to treat severe and critical patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312849-vgzvpwz9 author = Eckbo, Eric J. title = Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1421 sentences = 74 flesch = 48 summary = title: Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples The BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) are rapid, fully automated assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. We evaluated the performance characteristics of these tests in comparison to a laboratory-developed real-time PCR assay targeting the viral RdRP and E genes. This report describes the results of an independent evaluation of the performance characteristics of the BioFire COVID-19 Test and the RP2.1 for detection of SARS-CoV-2. The BioFire COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 are easy-to-use, highly sensitive, and rapid assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. This evaluation demonstrates that the assays perform comparably to our laboratory developed real-time PCR assay, with 100% agreement in testing results for clinical specimens and acceptable performance at their stated limits of detection. cache = ./cache/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312784-ykko0al5 author = Takian, Amirhossein title = COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1297 sentences = 73 flesch = 52 summary = Given the COVID-19 pandemic and its alarming outcomes in Iran, 9 the international community must be obliged to stand against the sanctions that are hurting millions of Iranians. With the UK increasingly becoming an outlier globally in terms of its minimal social distancing populationlevel interventions, transparency is key to retaining the understanding, cooperation and trust of the scientific and health-care communities as well as the general public, ultimately leading to a reduction of morbidity and mortality. 1 However, we request that the government urgently and openly shares the scientific evidence, data, and models it is using to inform current decision making related to COVID-19 public health interventions within the next 72 h and then at regular intervals thereafter. The UK Government asserts that its response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is based on evidence and expert modelling. cache = ./cache/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312847-2cg3ylfl author = Carter, Chris title = COVID-19 Disease: assessment of a critically ill patient date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5888 sentences = 347 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract With the major scale up of critical care services to respond to the increasing numbers of patients with severe COVID-19 infection, nurses need to be able to rapidly assess patients. In this article, the assessment of a patient with suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19 has been presented initially from a ward perspective, followed by that of critical care, using the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure (ABCDE) approach. In this article, the assessment of a patient with suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19 has been presented initially from a ward perspective initially, followed by critical care. Essential physiological observations for these patients are respiratory rate, oxygen saturations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, conscious level using the Alert, Confused, Voice, Pain and Unresponsive (AVPU) or Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scale, pain score and urine output. 20 Pulse oximetry readings do not provide information about respiratory rate, tidal volume, cardiac output or blood pressure, therefore assessment, monitoring and recording of these additional observations is essential. cache = ./cache/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312905-8xlt92pl author = Li, Guanjian title = Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 690 sentences = 61 flesch = 58 summary = At the time of writing this paper, the authors claimed that "evidence regarding transmission from individuals with asymptomatic infection or mild illness is limited", but that the current evidence may need an update. Recently, two epidemiological studies on COVID-19 have reported that typically asymptomatic carriers transmit the virus to close contacts, resulting in aggregated infection of symptomatic COVID-19 diseases [2, 3] . This study used a prospective design to follow up the viral load and clinical manifestations of 2147 close contacts of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The authors suggested that the transmission ability of asymptomatic individuals should not be ignored. First Mildly Ill, Non-Hospitalized Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Without Viral Transmission in the United States Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing The epidemiological characteristics of infection in close contacts of COVID-19 in Ningbo city cache = ./cache/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312986-nz8uc7sl author = Abou-Abbas, Linda title = Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 207 flesch = 51 summary = Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). Core dimensions and items content of these two domains were identified through a review of the published literature on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) [9] [10] [11] [12] in addition to the most recent available information on COVID-19 from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites up to 25th March 2020. However, a poor level of knowledge was clearly shown in response to the questions regarding the transmission of the disease (31.5%), similarly for the actions when dealing with COVID-19 cases (37.3%) and precautionary measures by health care providers (42.2%). cache = ./cache/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312918-iof45k1r author = Ortolani, Claudio title = Hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone in COVID-19: who won and who lost? date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4637 sentences = 213 flesch = 45 summary = Recently, four large Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have been performed in record time delivering reliable data: (1) the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RCT included 60 hospitals participating all over the world and showed the efficacy of remdesivir in reducing the recovery time in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 pneumonia; (2) three large RCTs already completed, for hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively. In 2019, at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, at least 4 anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs were available and in use, with possible efficacy for COVID-19: hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, remdesivir and Lopinavir / Ritonavir. Remark 1 cited a number of systematic reviews, which however had selected only observational clinical studies that addressed the efficacy and side effects of the corticosteroid treatment of viral pneumonia from SARS, H1N1 influenza virus and MERS virus, but not from SARS-CoV-2 virus [31] [32] [33] [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312884-anlp8lab author = Iyer, Gayatri R. title = Infectivity and Progression of COVID-19 Based on Selected Host Candidate Gene Variants date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6268 sentences = 317 flesch = 44 summary = Materials and Methods: Clinical exome data of 103 individuals was analyzed to identify sequence variants in five selected candidate genes: ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B to assess their prevalence and role to understand the COVID-19 infectivity and progression in our population. The aim of the present study was to identify variants in these five selected candidate genes from the clinical exome data available with us for more than 100 individuals and make an attempt to classify them as relevant to the present COVID-19 aetiopathology, especially for the Indian population. The selected candidate gene variants were assessed in our internal cohort of 103 individuals, who had earlier provided consent, to perform a pilot study on the susceptibility and disease severity of Indians for COVID-19. Since host genetic polymorphisms have been demonstrated to be associated with vulnerability to human infection, in this study five candidate genes-ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B-were selected based on their relevance to the current pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312885-d4ku8dyz author = Wang, W. title = Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4378 sentences = 245 flesch = 44 summary = Here, we provide global, regional, and national estimates of the size of the COVID-19 vaccine recipient population by priority group under the allocation frameworks proposed by various international teams (8, (10) (11) (12) . preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in In main analysis, to consider vaccine programs tailored the epidemiological situation of individual countries, we also used COVID-19 case counts (as of September 13, 2020) and serology data to estimate the size of the population already infected, who may be at lower priority for vaccination. cache = ./cache/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312864-km07zhn1 author = Potalivo, A. title = Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5381 sentences = 255 flesch = 50 summary = title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study 4, 8, 9, 11 Thus, the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with oxygen supplementation and NIV has been markedly underreported leading to inaccurate information regarding the overall use of the different respiratory supports and outcomes. Using clinical and demographics information routinely collected in a unique database including all residents in the entire province, we performed the present population-based cohort study with the following aims: 1) to describe the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 2) to examine patient outcomes overall and stratified by the adopted respiratory support, 3) to describe the organization of local healthcare system. It should be noted that in our study we documented for patients treated with NIV and/or IMV -despite a similar P/F ratio (median 98.0; IQR 84.0-124.5) and a higher SOFA score (median 8; IQR 6-10)-a considerably lower 60-day mortality rate, overall and in individual groups. cache = ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313082-n3bo9jw1 author = Tenenbein, Paul title = The case for routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3816 sentences = 269 flesch = 58 summary = Herein, we focus on one specific aspect of this question, namely whether all surgical patients should, in addition to detailed clinical screening (i.e., exposure risk and symptoms) for COVID-19, undergo routine preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swabbing and nucleicacid-based testing. Dans cet éditorial, nous nous intéressons à un aspect en particulier de cette question : faudrait-il faire passer un test préopératoire systématique pour dépister le SARS-CoV-2 à l'aide d'un écouvillon nasopharyngé et d'un test d'amplification des acides nucléiques à tous les patients chirurgicaux, en plus du dépistage clinique détaillé (c.-à-d. É tant donné le risque que la COVID-19 pose aux patients chirurgicaux, il est conseillé de remettre toute intervention qui peut être retardée en toute sécurité ou d'envisager des options thérapeutiques non chirurgicales, le cas échéant, pour tout patient positif au SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312960-i3l8lh4e author = Almeshari, M. A. title = Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4621 sentences = 315 flesch = 55 summary = Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID19 patients were included in the review. A narrative synthesis was carried out to assess the proportion of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, when IMV was initiated after symptom onset, and for how long patients received IMV until either clinical improvement or death. Five studies assessed the characteristics and outcomes of severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 and reported the proportion of patients requiring IMV. None of the included studies were designed to assess the effectiveness of IMV modalities in COVID-19 patients, but 3 studies reported some IMV settings. The overall published studies included in this systematic review suggested that only a small proportion of COVID-19 patients required IMV. However, the characteristics of patients that received IMV were not reported in all studies and the protocols for assessing when IMV use was required and ventilatory strategies or settings were not discussed. cache = ./cache/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313084-l7odplqg author = Sampson, Victoria title = Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3352 sentences = 203 flesch = 42 summary = The risk factors already identified for developing complications from a COVID-19 infection are age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This paper investigates the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial load, questioning whether bacteria may play a role in bacterial superinfections and complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. 1 While COVID-19 has a viral origin, it is suspected that in severe cases, bacterial superinfections may contribute to causing complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 18 It is common for respiratory viral infections to predispose patients to bacterial superinfections, leading to increased disease severity and mortality; for example, during the influenza pandemic in 1918, where the primary cause of death was not from the virus itself but from bacterial superinfections. Bacteria present in patients with severe COVID-19 are associated with the oral cavity and improved oral hygiene may play a part in reducing the risk of complications. cache = ./cache/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313157-wzz3dasn author = Rodríguez-Chagolla, José M. title = Peritoneal Dialysis Is an Option for Acute Kidney Injury Management in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4143 sentences = 220 flesch = 48 summary = Peritoneal dialysis is a modality of RRT at least as efficient as other extracorporeal RRT options with important cost-effective advantages, making it a key instrument in countries without access to all RRTs. There is no theoretical justification for it to be not used in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome as those observed in COVID-19 disease. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China Comparing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and peritoneal dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a pilot study Acute kidney injury in critically Ill patients: a prospective randomized study of tidal peritoneal dialysis versus continuous renal replacement therapy Effect of peritoneal dialysis on respiratory mechanics in acute kidney injury patients Urgent peritoneal dialysis in patients with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury: a single-center experience in a time of crisis in the United States cache = ./cache/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312969-r8vt2i2z author = Temgoua, Mazou Ngou title = COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 866 sentences = 54 flesch = 52 summary = title: COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? Several studies have shown that patients who are at increased risk of death are those with cardiovascular risk factors like: age >60years, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and people with history of chronic respiratory disease, pregnant women and cancer [3] [4] [5] . In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), like all over the world, there is an increased spread of the COVID-19 [9] and high burden of cardiovascular diseases [10] ; but until now there is no political strategy to screen systematically patients with cardiovascular risk factors for early management. In LMICs there is an urgent need to target patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular diseases for earlier screening of COVID-19 and better managment of these patients in order to prevent death linked to the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313117-0qur0isb author = Gardinassi, Luiz G. title = Immune and Metabolic Signatures of COVID-19 Revealed by Transcriptomics Data Reuse date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3565 sentences = 177 flesch = 35 summary = To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling. To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling. In addition, our approach also detected increased signals of monocytes (Figure 1B) , dendritic cells ( Figure 1C ) and of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain in SARS-CoV-2 infection (Figure 1A) , suggesting a critical role of metabolic pathways for the immune response of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313151-coqbcrwc author = Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu title = Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3367 sentences = 187 flesch = 50 summary = title: Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) The institution of social distancing and punitive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through human-to-human transmission has environmental, health and economic impact. We report the health system policies, environmental sustainability issues, and fiscal, monetary and exchange rate measures introduced during lockdown across countries. The emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has triggered the necessity of environment-health-economic nexus. These containment measures put in place to reduce health outcomes of the global pandemic have affected environmental sustainability and economic development. Several measures to support and significantly impact the health system have been instituted across countries to provide an immediate response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The intensity of the global pandemic (COVID-19) has affected global economic development, resulting in several fiscal measures, monetary policies and private sector economic burden-sharing across countries. cache = ./cache/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313355-166b6fep author = Zhang, Xiao-Jing title = In-hospital Use of Statins is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8450 sentences = 361 flesch = 42 summary = To examine endpoints as a time to mortality in the statin and the non-statin group, we performed a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, gender, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), preexisting comorbidities (DM, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease), indicators of disease severity and organ injuries (lesions in chest CT, neutrophil counts increase, procalcitonin increase, D-dimer increase, ALT increase, AST increase, creatinine increase, and SpO2), LDL-c increase, cholesterol increase, medications at admission, using invasive mechanical ventilation support, and days from symptom onset to hospitalization covariates with statin therapy as a time-varying exposure. Baseline characteristic, including age, gender, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pre-existing comorbidities (DM, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease), indicators of disease severity and organ injuries (lesions in lung CT, neutrophil counts increase, procalcitonin increase, D-dimer increase, creatine increase, and SpO2), LDL-c increase, cholesterol increase, medications at admission, using invasive mechanical ventilation support, and days from symptom onset to hospitalization were adjusted in the model. cache = ./cache/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313272-lkzo10r5 author = Bellini, Carlo title = Neonatal Transport and COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 571 sentences = 35 flesch = 53 summary = Because infants have an immature immune system and the route of vertical transmission cannot be surely ruled out, newborns are a high-risk group for infection, thus growing the complexity of neonatal transport (figure). Recent recommendations established criteria for the definition of suspected or confirmed infection in neonates. [1] [2] [3] [4] In the case of an outborn neonate, it may be very difficult to reach a sure definition of suspected or confirmed infection. The Transport Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology suggested the recommendations to improve safety for the transport of suspected or confirmed infected newborns. It can happen in the case of a transport not scheduled at risk for COVID-19 that could be changing its triage en route; in this case, the availability of protective wear equipment on board allows the NETS team to be protected on the road, before approaching the at-risk newborn. Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection cache = ./cache/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312861-6ayidmj3 author = Rayner, Craig R. title = Accelerating Clinical Evaluation of Repurposed Combination Therapies for COVID-19 date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1999 sentences = 115 flesch = 30 summary = As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, unabated and clinical trials demonstrate limited effective pharmaceutical interventions, there is a pressing need to accelerate treatment evaluations. As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, unabated and clinical trials demonstrate limited effective pharmaceutical interventions, there is a pressing need to accelerate treatment evaluations. We describe a clinical evaluation strategy using adaptive combination platform trials to rapidly test combination therapies to treat COVID-19. We describe a clinical evaluation strategy using adaptive combination platform trials to rapidly test combination therapies to treat COVID-19. Instead of sequentially testing monotherapies that will likely have modest clinical effects on their own, additive or synergistic effects can potentially be gained by combining antiviral drugs exploiting pharmacology throughout the spectrum of COVID-19 illness. 5, 6 This low success rate might be due to the fact that the majority of COVID-19 clinical trials (87%) are evaluating repurposed drugs as monotherapy. cache = ./cache/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313148-dps5dyhr author = Nkhata, Smith G. title = SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2731 sentences = 149 flesch = 48 summary = title: SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. In most European countries where the Covid-19 mortality rate is currently higher, the proportion of elderly (>65 years) individuals and life expectancy are also high (https://www.worldometers.info/ coronavirus/). Therefore, we developed and tested a hypothesis that countries that consume higher immunity boosting foods (fruits, vegetables, spices) and are exposed to fewer immunity suppressing factors (smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol, high caloric consumption, pollution) have lower Covid-19 deaths per million population (C19DM) than those countries consuming less immunity boosting food and are highly exposed to immunity suppressing factors. Among the factors we examine in this study, the data suggest that prevalence of diabetes, life expectancy, and calorie intake might have significant effect on C19DM and may partly explain the heterogeneity in Covid-19 mortality observed so far. cache = ./cache/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313267-dc8z4jzo author = Daneshkhah, Ali title = The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4998 sentences = 264 flesch = 56 summary = The substantially higher age-specific CFR and the age-specific ratio of confirmed cases in Italy and Spain (countries with low mean 25OHD level) suggest a potential link between severe Vit D deficiency and severe COVID-19, which can lead to a higher CFR. Our analysis of the published data on the status of Vit D and CRP levels (in the US) and laboratory data (CRP levels) reported from 792 patients in China suggests that a proper supplementation of Vit D across populations may reduce the number of severe COVID-19 cases by up to 15 percentage points by lowering the risk factors related to cytokine storm. This could be a reason for the notably higher ratio of confirmed elderly patients with COVID-19 in Italy and Spain compared to other countries, since the age distribution of the countries (shown in Figure 4 (b)) cannot fully explain the reported numbers. cache = ./cache/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313275-znrvkmee author = Bwire, G. M. title = A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2965 sentences = 230 flesch = 56 summary = title: A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM The research included studies on IgG/ IgM against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mother with COVID-19 published in English from December 1, 2019 onwards. On the other hand, natural passive immunity and detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in infants born to COVID 19 confirmed mothers have been indicated in some studies where the newborns tested negative for the virus (8) . In this regard, a systematic review was conducted to determine the magnitude of IgG/ IgM in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The median antibody levels detected in COVID-19 exposed newborns who tested negative for the virus after delivery but were born to mothers with COVID-19 were 75.49AU/mL (range: 7.25AU/mL-140.32AU/mL ) and for 3.79AU/mL (range: 0.16AU/mL-45.83AU/mL) (P = 0.0041) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313286-nqvuas3p author = Afshar Jahanshahi, A. title = The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic - More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1969 sentences = 107 flesch = 58 summary = Findings The distress level of Iranian adults (mean: 34.54; s.d.: 14.92) was significantly higher (mean difference: 10.9; t=22.7; p<0.0001; 95% CI: 10.0 to 11.8) than that of Chinese adults (mean: 23.65; s.d.: 5.45) as reported in a prior study with the same measure of Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). Interpretation Our findings that the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China suggest the need to study the predictors of mental health in individual countries during the Covid-19 pandemic to effectively identify and screen for those more susceptible to mental health issues. Participants answered the survey on their gender, age bracket, education level, number of children, whether they had Covid-19, exercise hours per day in the past week, working situation (work from home; work in office, etc.), employment status (employed, unemployed, studying, and retired) and the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313268-j51zyodw author = Zeng, Xiangxiang title = Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4081 sentences = 217 flesch = 42 summary = Using Amazon's AWS computing resources and a network-based, deep-learning framework, we identified 41 repurposable drugs (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) whose therapeutic associations with COVID-19 were validated by transcriptomic and proteomics data in SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and data from ongoing clinical trials. 10−12 Deep learning has also recently demonstrated its better performance than classic machine learning methods to assist drug repurposing, 13 −16 yet without foreknowledge of the complex networks connecting drugs, targets, SARS-CoV-2, and diseases, the development of affordable approaches for the effective treatment of COVID-19 is challenging. Via systematic validation using transcriptomics and proteomics data generated from SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and the ongoing clinical trial data, we successfully identified 41 drug candidates that can be further tested in large-scale randomized control trials for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Using Amazon's AWS computing resources, we identified 41 high-confidence repurposed drug candidates (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) for COVID-19, which were validated by an enrichment analysis of gene expression and proteomics data in SARS-CoV-2 infected human cells. cache = ./cache/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313382-prxc0lue author = Hossein Norooznezhad, Amir title = Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 869 sentences = 54 flesch = 44 summary = Herein, we would evaluate one of possible cause of non-viral induced preterm labor in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 which could be administration of empiric antibiotics with inflammatory properties in absence of bacterial infection in the inpatients. Interestingly, a study has evaluated the outcome of empiric antibiotic therapy on gestational duration in two groups of microbe positive and negative pregnant individuals using 3 rapid and high-sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This issue may lead to a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines release and possibly preventing preterm labor in pregnant women with COVID-19. Title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor Title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor cache = ./cache/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313282-z5cues67 author = Schaefer, Inga-Marie title = In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3975 sentences = 189 flesch = 41 summary = Among five patients with acute-phase DAD (≤7 days from onset of respiratory failure), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in pulmonary pneumocytes and ciliated airway cells (N = 5), and in upper airway epithelium (N = 2). The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 who developed respiratory failure can be detected during the acute phase of lung injury and is absent in the organizing phase. The aim of this study was to examine the gross and histologic patterns of tissue injury in correlation with viral protein expression in the conducting airways and lungs at autopsy in a series of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the different stages of DAD observed histologically correspond to the estimated time interval from onset of respiratory failure to death; however, the exact timing of severe lung injury may be difficult to determine in certain cases given reports of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 infected patients [27, 28] . cache = ./cache/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313071-9nm460b0 author = Xu, M. title = Accurately Differentiating COVID-19, Other Viral Infection, and Healthy Individuals Using Multimodal Features via Late Fusion Learning date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8569 sentences = 480 flesch = 48 summary = A moderately trained radiologist can differentiate CT scans of COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals with high accuracy as well, making the current efforts of developing DL algorithms not clinically useful for the binary classification problem ). Low-dimensional clinical and lab testing data are usually analyzed with traditional hypothesis-driven methods (e.g., binary logistic regression or multinomial classification) or other non-DL machine learning methods such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN). The huge discrepancy of feature space dimensionality between CT scan and clinical/lab testing data makes it an especially challenging task of multimodality fusion to combine these different aspects of biomedical information directly (Balrtusaitis et al. A study using CT scans to differentiate three multinomial classes: COVID (no clinical state information), non-COVID viral pneumonia, and health individuals had 89%-96% accuracy based on a total of 230 participants (Hu et al. cache = ./cache/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313390-zeo0ud75 author = Masiero, Stefano title = Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? A challenge for the future date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1435 sentences = 72 flesch = 36 summary = title: Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? Hence, our proposal for an innovative post-hospitalization rehabilitative treatment, taking advantage of health resort medicine as suitable setting to take care of discharged subjects tested negative for COVID-19. Rehabilitation strategies in health resort medicine may include therapeutic massage, water massage, physical modalities, numerous forms of exercise such as water exercise, breathing, balance, and muscle-strengthening exercises, health education, psychological interventions, and treatments complementary to balneotherapy (Masiero et al. Furthermore, immersion in thermal water may be used to strengthen weakened inspiratory muscles, through the combination of respiratory exercise and aerobic training (Becker 2009 ), leading to develop a specific respiratory rehabilitation service for post COVID-19 patients. The access to Health resort medicine should be guaranteed to post-COVID 19 subjects after two negative rRT-PCR results, improvement in signs and symptoms, and fever resolution (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020a). cache = ./cache/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313215-diqfmitr author = Luo, Lei title = Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1593 sentences = 90 flesch = 52 summary = title: Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases Background Little is known about the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air in non-health care settings among COVID-19 cases. To address this question, in this study, we sampled total of 641 surfaces 63 environmental and air specimens among 39 cases in Guangzhou, China, to explore the 64 surrounding environmental surfaces and air contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in non-65 health care settings. A total of 641 157 environmental surfaces and air specimens were collected among 39 COVID-19 cases, 158 and 20 specimens (20/641, 3.1%) were positive by RT-PCR testing from 9 COVID-19 159 cases (9/39, 23.1%), with 5 (5/101, 5.0%) positive specimens from 3 asymptomatic 160 cases, 5 (5/220, 2.3%) from 3 mild cases, and 10 (10/374, 2.7%) from 3 moderate cases 161 ( of SARS-CoV-2 (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313392-a5ynzx70 author = Liu, Ze-Ming title = Association of procalcitonin levels with the progression and prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3687 sentences = 196 flesch = 51 summary = One study has shown that although the total number of patients with COVID-19 presenting increased procalcitonin (PCT) levels appears to be limited, continuous measurement of PCT levels may play a role in predicting the progression of this disease into the severe forms [15] . In this retrospective study, we collected clinical data of 1525 cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which is a temporary hospital specialized and designated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, from February 8, 2020 to April 15, 2020. In this study, 1525 cases in the Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan City were enrolled for the investigation of the effect of PCT level on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that elevated PCT level was significantly associated with a higher risk of overall mortality among COVID-19 patients, even after adjustment for age, history of cardiovascular diseases, WBC, PLT, and lymphocyte count, and D-dimer levels as potential confounding factors. cache = ./cache/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313356-ninzeazy author = Fiorillo, Luca title = COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3803 sentences = 248 flesch = 53 summary = title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. The aim of this article is to evaluate, through the analysis of the current literature, how long this virus can remain active on different surfaces. On average, the different coronaviruses persist in an infectious state on surfaces for several days, even up to nine. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention cache = ./cache/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312955-gs65c3fy author = Schreiber, Gideon title = The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8418 sentences = 467 flesch = 48 summary = Although SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the production of IFNβ and thus obstructs the innate immune response to this virus, it is sensitive to the antiviral activity of externally administrated IFN-Is. In this review I discuss the diverse modes of biological actions of IFN-Is and how these are related to biophysical parameters of IFN-I–receptor interaction and cell-type specificity in light of the large variety of binding affinities of the different IFN-I subtypes towards the common interferon receptor. Thereby, it inhibits the nuclear transport of phosphorylated STAT1, rendering cells refractory to IFN-Is. Another example of viral mechanisms that evolved to eliminate IFN-I functions in inducing innate immunity is given by the SARS corona virus, where both the production of IFNb and the IFN-I induced signaling are attenuated. This gene was found to preferentially cleave the ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), FIGURE 4 | SARS-CoV-2 has multiple effects on the immune system, including inhibition of IFNb production, which results in ISGs not to be produced, CD4+ and CD8+ exhaustion and increased levels of pro-inflammatory proteins (TNFa, IL6, NF-kB). cache = ./cache/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313353-uwwih8v3 author = Di Tano, Giuseppe title = Late Pulmonary Embolism after COVID-19 Pneumonia despite Adequate Rivaroxaban Treatment date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1335 sentences = 73 flesch = 41 summary = Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who are receiving non-vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants for chronic disease are usually switched to heparin treatment during hospitalization. Four weeks after discharge he experienced an episode of an acute pulmonary embolism while on rivaroxaban therapy with adequate drug plasma levels, and in the absence of strong predisposing risk factors. During the acute infection phase, patients chronically managed with antithrombotic agents (non-vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) are usually switched to alternative parenteral antithrombotic medications such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) [2, 3] . In conclusion, our case highlights the risk of later thrombotic complications after COVID-19 infection despite appropriate oral anticoagulant therapy and raises some concern about the underlying mechanism. In patients on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy, discharged after hospitalization for acute COVID-19, close monitoring is recommended, and LMWH replacement should be considered only until evidence of complete remission of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313313-twct29aq author = Carbonell, Ana Piera title = Trombosis y covid-19: atención primaria clave en el abordaje interdisciplinar date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 937 sentences = 86 flesch = 51 summary = por lo que se remite al servicio de urgencias hospitalario para valoración de probable trombosis venosa profunda (TVP). Dada la clínica sugestiva de TVP y asociación a elevación del Dímero D y clínica compatible con COVID-19, se decide, teniendo en cuenta el buen estado de la paciente, la ausencia de disnea y la situación epidemiológica del momento, siguiendo protocolo hospitalario, iniciar HBPM a dosis terapéuticas y seguimiento clínico ambulatorio, pautándose tratamiento con bemiparina a dosis de 10000 UI cada 24 h y recomendaciones para evitar éstasis venoso. La trombosis se asocia a la infección producida por el SARS-CoV-2, estimándose alrededor de un 25% de casos de TEV en los pacientes con neumonía grave por COVID-19, aumentando su gravedad y confiriendo un peor pronóstico [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score cache = ./cache/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313489-i969aqn9 author = Galbadage, Thushara title = Does COVID-19 Spread Through Droplets Alone? date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2342 sentences = 126 flesch = 50 summary = Social or physical distancing helps reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets containing SARS-CoV-2 and slows the incidence of the disease by reducing the opportunities for potential viral exposures. Precautions to prevent the spread by droplets as recommended by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) are to (1) wash hands with soap, (2) avoid touching viral entry points, such as eyes, nose, and mouth, (3) cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing, (4) wear a facemask if sick and (5) practice social distancing by putting 6 feet of distance between individuals. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain viable longer on surfaces taken together with its higher virulence in establishing an infection makes it very likely that this coronavirus uses other modes of transmission in addition to respiratory droplets (Figure 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313239-0gl43af5 author = Moreno, Courtney C. title = CT colonography’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a safe(r), socially distanced total colon examination date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 134 flesch = 43 summary = Guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and directives from state officials resulted in the postponement of elective procedures including cancer screening at facilities to prevent community spread and to preserve the healthcare workforce, facilities, and personal protective equipment (PPE) for an anticipated surge of COVID-19 patients [2] . CT colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer screening has typically been canceled and deferred to a later date during the initial COVID-19 surge as highlighted by an internal By comparison, optical colonoscopy utilizes more pieces of PPE as it requires more healthcare workers in close proximity to the patient for longer periods of time including the endoscopist and additional healthcare workers such as an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist to administer sedation and a nurse to provide procedural and post-procedural monitoring as the patient recovers from sedation. cache = ./cache/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313294-ffgo56gl author = Bertsimas, D. title = Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7314 sentences = 393 flesch = 44 summary = We couple electronic medical record (EMR) and registry data of 3,643 patients from Spain, Italy, Germany, Ecuador, and the US with a machine learning framework to personalize the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Since machine learning estimates a binary or continuous outcome of interest from large, high-dimensional datasets, a common approach involves training separate prediction models for the treatment and the control group, and recommending the alternative with the best outcome [18, 41] . In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach for personalized prescription of ACEI/ARBs for hospitalized hypertensive patients with COVID-19. One ensemble of various machine learning models is trained to predict mortality/morbidity risk with ACEI/ARBs, and another ensemble is trained to predict the risk when patients are not given ACEI/ARBs. We then employ a voting scheme to aggregate the risk scores of the individual methods and give a final prescription and estimated benefit of treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313480-268xf8i9 author = Ransing, Ramdas title = Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1610 sentences = 99 flesch = 41 summary = title: Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World In this letter, we attempt to explore COS related factors based on the real-life experiences of a group of psychiatrists from thirteen countries using the health stigma and discrimination framework (HSDF) (Stangl et al., 2019) . Also, people who have experienced criminalization (due to breaching public health measures) may find reduced access to employment, housing, and healthcare, and may be exposed exacerbated risks for suicide and violence in the pandemic and post-pandemic period To contribute to reducing COS and its negative impact, we collated recommendations for developing interventions using the HSDF (Table 1 ) (Stangl et al., 2019) . cache = ./cache/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313528-rp15vi1o author = Wallace, Douglas W. title = An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2111 sentences = 128 flesch = 46 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. 3 Hospitals across the United States have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting nonessential patient interaction and transforming their emergency departments (EDs) to treat patients who are both critically ill and highly contagious. It is the authors' hope that use of this triage algorithm and PPE recommendations will aid frontline emergency clinicians in the ongoing response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313468-lloh1b0y author = Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando title = COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4648 sentences = 213 flesch = 43 summary = The aims of this exploratory study were threefold: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), a newly created scale for measuring the impact of confinement; (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement (eating symptomatology and weight, attitudes and dysfunctional emotions, worries and concerns, anxiety and depressive symptomatology and addictive behaviours); (3) to explore the potential difficulties for participants in using telemedicine during confinement when usual health care was interrupted. Based on previous literature (Baenas et al., 2020; Fernández-Aranda et al., 2020; Temorshuizen et al., 2020; Mallorqui-Bague, 2018) , we hypothetised that eating disorder subtype and obesity would achieve a moderator/interaction role in the changes occurred during the confinement: behavioural and emotional reactions, eating patterns-weight, anxiety and affective symptoms should be different depending on the ED subtype previous to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313543-ad3c0hve author = Amram, Ofer title = Development of a vulnerability index for diagnosis with the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in Washington State, USA date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1542 sentences = 91 flesch = 49 summary = We developed an index of COVID-19 vulnerability using a regression modeling approach with observed diagnosis at the Zipcode level in Washington State; ●. 10 In this article, we demonstrate an empirical approach to developing a small-area COVID-19 vulnerability index using statistics on diagnoses in two counties from Washington State, USA, along with demographic and population health. The COVID-19 diagnosis rates for the two most populous counties in Washington State were obtained from the King and Spokane County Departments of Health. A limitation of this index is that we only used ZIP code level COVID-19 cases from two counties in Washington State to assess its validity. This COVID-19 vulnerability index is based on Zip-code level and publicly-available data on demographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors can be used to understand population-and community-level variation in susceptibility to COVID-19 across Washington State. cache = ./cache/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313402-f3indt3b author = Hong, X.-w. title = Analysis of early renal injury in COVID-19 and diagnostic value of multi-index combined detection date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2534 sentences = 173 flesch = 57 summary = In this study, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urine microalbumin / urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) were calculated to assess the incidence of early renal injury. Urinary microprotein detection indicated that the area under curve (AUC) of multi-index combined to diagnose early renal injury in COVID-19 was 0.875, which was higher than UMA (0,813), A1M (0.813), IGU (0.750) and TRU (0.750) alone. This study intends to use a number of laboratory test indexes, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine, urine microalbumin and urine microglobulin et al to comprehensively assess renal function and determine the incidence of COVID-19 with early renal injury. Although all the patients still had normal level of Scr and BUN, the high incidence of early renal injury in COVID-19 was found by calculating eGFR, CCR and UACR. cache = ./cache/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313494-a4pms2ub author = Sampedro, Ana Diez title = COVID-19 and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs): Frontline update #1 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3756 sentences = 211 flesch = 46 summary = The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled all health care providers, including Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) to provide care to patients in unprecedented ways. Due to the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2, APRNs must be prepared to alter their normal practice to take into account the reluctance of patients to seek care for fear of exposure, the added need for personal protective equipment (PPE) and any resulting alterations to patient assessment, new policies, testing guidelines, and more. While the regulatory and policy changes that have occurred as a result of the current pandemic provide a pathway forward for promoting full practice authority for APRNs, these changes are occurring at a time when most practitioners are facing daunting challenges in establishing and maintaining safe clinical care. In light of the impact this pandemic has had globally, APRNs on the frontline are best advised to remain current with evidence based practice protocols, testing indications and procedures, current treatments and treatment challenges, updates to patient education guidelines to promote prevention, protecting vulnerable populations, and promoting mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313503-wvgwf9n3 author = D’Amico, Randy S. title = Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 - The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1104 sentences = 68 flesch = 47 summary = title: Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. Although COVID-19 screening and testing guidelines have been proposed and adopted by many hospitals, these may not adequately protect the operating room personnel who are in proximity to the patient for prolonged periods. There are concerning reports of especially high transmission rates of COVID-19 in trans-mucosal head and neck procedures conducted by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, despite attempts at wearing what constitutes appropriate PPE. 3 Here we describe the simple intraoperative technique we utilize at Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health for all cranial, endonasal, spinal, and neuro-interventional cases to limit the intraoperative transmission COVID-19 to essential staff in the operating rooms and the endovascular suite who are at a substantially higher risk of exposure to the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313537-920tgv1j author = Carbonell, Ana Piera title = Covid-19 y tromboprofilaxis: recomendaciones para nuestra práctica clínica en atención primaria date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2640 sentences = 268 flesch = 48 summary = Teniendo en cuenta que muchos de nuestros pacientes ya reciben terapia antitrombótica o anticoagulante, el hecho de que puedan desarrollar una infección por COVID-19 tendrá implicaciones para la elección, dosificación y control en associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, increasing its severity and conferring a worse prognosis. La enfermedad producida por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) , si bien en la mayoría de los pacientes infectados cursa con síntomas leves, en casos más severos puede progresar rápidamente y desarrollar un síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, shock séptico, coagulopatía y disfunción endotelial, que son los determinantes principales de la afectación microvascular, al producir una mayor vasoconstricción, isquemia orgánica, inflamación con edema tisular asociado y un estado procoagulante que predispone a la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) y arterial. cache = ./cache/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313237-ai39ny9y author = Abdullah, Jafri Malin title = A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2432 sentences = 132 flesch = 52 summary = As of 26 March 2020, 171 countries have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 or known as COVID-19 pandemic with 467,866 infected patients and 20,845 deaths, representing a 4.5% mortality rate (1) . Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, including Malaysia, have not been spared from COVID-19, although there have been fluctuations in the rate of infection demonstrated in the number of new cases and deaths reported in March 2020 (Table 1) (2). Movement restriction is critical to battle the pandemic within healthcare system capacity (15) Special Editorial | COVID-19 in Malaysia and beyond technology drivers of the present and the future to prevent and manage future epidemics and pandemics ( Figure 5 ). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China cache = ./cache/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313386-t2p9txlt author = Naito, Yuji title = Association between selective IgA deficiency and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1694 sentences = 103 flesch = 51 summary = The low infection rate contributed to the low death rate from COVID-19 in Japan, suggesting that the extremely low frequency of selective IgA deficiency may be a contributing factor. Table 1 presents the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths, populations, and frequencies of selective IgA deficiency in 19 countries. (12) As shown in Fig. 3 , there was a positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the COVID-19 infection rate per 1 million population. Another important finding in this study was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the prevalence of COVID-19 infection per population. The high frequency of selective IgA deficiency in the Western countries suggests that the heterogeneous genotype population is even higher, and that the number of COVID-19 infections increases proportionately, resulting in an increase in deaths. There was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the COVID-19 infection rate per population. cache = ./cache/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313700-enivzp1f author = Lio, Chon Fu title = The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3107 sentences = 148 flesch = 49 summary = title: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China A further survey of comparison of personal preventive measures before and during disease outbreak showed increased alert and practice of personal protection and hygiene during the spread (Table 3) , such as wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001), wearing a mask every time when contact or talk with people (10% and 95%, P < 0.001), often wash hands with soap/liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031), use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers or disinfected wipes as substitute if handwashing facility not available (71.4% and 95.2%, P = 0.006), cleaning clothes and personal belongings immediately once get back home (35.7% and 78.6%, P < 0.001), cleaning mobile phone regularly (43.9% and 65.9%, P = 0.012). Good personal hygiene and adequate preventive measures such as less gathering, frequent handwashing, in addition to wearing a mask outdoor, were common grounds among 42 uninfected participants during the stay in Hubei province under COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313785-8tipkksu author = d'Ettorre, Gabriella title = Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3786 sentences = 196 flesch = 43 summary = The patients evaluated in this study were hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto Abbreviations: ABX, antibiotics; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALT, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavIrus disease 19; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FDR, False Discovery Rate; GLA, gut lung axis; Hb, hemoglobin; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; IRQ, interquartile range; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2; OB-, oral bacteriotherapy not administered group; OB+, oral bacteriotherapy administered group; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCFA, short chain fatty acids; TCZ, Tocilizumab. The observed partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2 ), the fraction of inspired oxygen FiO 2 , the disappearance of symptoms associated to COVID-19, adverse events, and the number of patients transferred to ICU were collected at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days from the start of oral bacteriotherapy and hospitalization for all the patients independently from the treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313415-5qrpucr4 author = Lai, Rongtao title = Sentinel surveillance strategies for early detection of coronavirus disease in fever clinics: experience from China date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1902 sentences = 107 flesch = 50 summary = During SARS period in 2003, fever clinics emerged in many cities in mainland China with the purpose to screen the suspected SARS patients and to transfer the confirmed cases to designated hospitals for professional management. During SARS period in 2003, fever clinics emerged in many cities in mainland China with the purpose to screen the suspected SARS patients and to transfer the confirmed cases to designated hospitals for professional management. It is employed for discerning patients with suspected symptoms and signs, for timely isolation, for effectively blocking disease transmission during the early outbreak period before the pathogen has been identified, and for determining effective therapeutic methods; this strategy was used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 [2] . In the early outbreak period, the use of the sentinel surveillance strategy in fever clinics can provide benefits in terms of identifying patients with suspected symptoms, effectively blocking disease transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations. cache = ./cache/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313427-6y4zvrmn author = Mani, Nandita S title = Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3433 sentences = 226 flesch = 57 summary = Using data from these testing centers, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic employees and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes among employees with COVID-19. Multiple factors have been reported to contribute to the risk of infections in HCWs, including lack of awareness during the early weeks of the outbreak, inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) supply and training, insufficient rapid diagnostic testing for COVID-19, long work hours in high-risk environments, and ongoing community spread and household exposures. [12] [13] [14] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Early and high-throughput testing for SARS-CoV-2 among symptomatic employees is essential to prevent nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 to patients, minimize clusters among HCWs, and maintain staffing during the pandemic. HCWs. 16 Here we describe the approach to establishing high-throughput employee testing centers, the prevalence of infections among symptomatic frontline versus non-frontline staff, and clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 in these employees. cache = ./cache/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313829-pjscmen8 author = Caballero, A.E. title = COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4355 sentences = 252 flesch = 52 summary = The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. It is difficult to predict but some indicators are available from the model of Harpreet In summary, while overall mortality due to COVID-19 is lower in India than in other countries, the elderly population, where most patients with diabetes, hypertension and CVD are concentrated, remains at high risk. Although it is clear that this option of care is not available to most people around the world, exploring how to improve the communication between providers and patients and families at home, in their own communities facing day to day challenges, may prove to be a more effective approach to managing the disease well beyond the COVID pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313728-08kwkbmd author = Binda, Barbara title = Follow-up and Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients During the COVID-19 Lockdown: the experience of an Italian Transplant Center, Including Two Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3208 sentences = 170 flesch = 39 summary = Conclusion In the context of a lockdown, such as that occurring in response to COVID-19, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in kidney transplant recipients, with the help of any available technology, and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed. In this article, we report the strategy implemented by our KT transplant center in Central Italy to maintain follow-up of KT recipients during the lockdown response to COVID-19. Both of our COVID-19 patients had several risk factors for an unfavorable outcome of the infection: chronic immunosuppression, advanced age, cardiovascular chronic disease and, in one case, diabetes. Consistent with this, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in fragile populations, such as transplant recipients, with the help of any available technology (e-mail, phone calls, video calls) as soon as possible, and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313992-ogdqq3dl author = Kortuem, S. O. title = Corona-Independent Excess Mortality Due to Reduced Use of Emergency Medical Care in the Corona Pandemic: A Population-Based Observational Study date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4137 sentences = 234 flesch = 49 summary = Since a drift of patients with the use of other service providers is unlikely, we assume that fears of infection in overburdened hospitals, one-sided public communication and reporting, and the extent of contact restrictions have contributed significantly to the decline in case numbers and to excess mortality (collateral damage). This paper investigates changes in the use of clinical and pre-clinical structures of emergency medical care as well as effects on overall mortality in a rural supply area during the first phase of the corona pandemic (9th to 22nd calendar week 2020). Nevertheless, the results suggest that, in our supply area, secondary pandemic mortality (collateral damage) with a quantifiable excess mortality rate of more than 16% compared to the average of previous years has occurred in connection with reduced use of emergency medical structures. cache = ./cache/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313659-jutdl9qu author = Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh title = Reply to Does asthma affect outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infections? date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 773 sentences = 57 flesch = 59 summary = Our results are in agreement with other papers that were published in the 28 following month showing that asthma does not decrease or increase hospitalization rate and length for 29 Additional studies showed that atopy might play an important role in the response to 30 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as a chronic lung disease prone to viral-induced exacerbation, this might place those 42 with severe COVID-19 at risk for a longer duration of pulmonary inflammation.(2, 5) Furthermore, an 43 allergic background and differential expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 may dampen the strong 44 inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with allergic asthma patients, leading to the lack of 45 increased severity reported in patients with non-allergic asthma. Another important factor that needs to be considered and further investigated is the impact of racial differences on COVID-19 outcome in asthma patients. The studies that did not find any difference in 48 terms of COVID-19 severity or intubation time in asthma patients were done in predominantly non-49 cache = ./cache/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313916-i9af6rgx author = Kuhn, Andrew W. title = To “Heed the Call” Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1912 sentences = 96 flesch = 54 summary = title: To "Heed the Call" Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns Although we should take time to reflect on our medical school careers, in its essence, Match Day and graduation ceremonies are just 2 more of the many steps necessary to reach our goal of becoming practicing orthopaedic surgeons. In certain metropolitan areas hit hardest, such as New York City, orthopaedic residents and attending surgeons have been redeployed "into the trenches" (i.e., the emergency department or intensive care unit) to help take care of COVID-19 patients. Instead of going to medical school to become physician first and an orthopaedic surgeon second, many seem to bypass the physician part." 14 Our classmates graduating and going into specialties such as emergency medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, or pediatrics have likely had additional exposure to fields such as pulmonology, medical intensive care, and infectious diseases during their elective time. cache = ./cache/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313684-61hkogdh author = Samaddar, Arghadip title = Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11700 sentences = 585 flesch = 42 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314002-zm02k9bw author = Ayanian, Shant title = The association between biomarkers and clinical outcomes in novel coronavirus pneumonia in a US cohort date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2650 sentences = 160 flesch = 47 summary = Aim: To describe the association between D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, ferritin, LDH and the clinical outcomes in a cohort of 299 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients treated on the inpatient medical service at a university hospital in the District of Columbia (DC, USA). Threshold values for all biomarkers were found to be statistically significant and independently associated with higher odds of clinical deterioration and death. Conclusion: Laboratory markers of inflammation and coagulopathy can help clinicians identify patients who are at high risk for clinical deterioration in COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. • A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients were identified, their admission and peak biomarkers were extracted and the odds of adverse clinical outcomes were calculated. cache = ./cache/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313976-q5j5kr1v author = Alaarag, Ahmed title = Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with STEMI and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19: an experience of Tanta University Hospital date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3007 sentences = 178 flesch = 52 summary = So we aimed to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). RESULTS: Our retrospective study showed that STEMI patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory markers with mean of their CRP (89.69 ± 30.42 mg/dl) and increased laboratory parameters of thrombosis with mean D-dimer (660.15 ± 360.11 ng/ml). In 69.2% of patients, STEMI was the first clinical presentation and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 developed during the hospital stay; about one third of patients had a non-obstructive CAD, while patients with total occlusion had a high thrombus burden. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A non-obstructive CAD was found in about one third of patients; on the other hand, patients who had a total occlusion FMC first medical contact, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, N/A not applicable of their culprit artery, the thrombus burden was high. cache = ./cache/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313518-8a6y1qsf author = Abdul-Baki, Mohammad-Nasan title = The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 803 sentences = 48 flesch = 47 summary = title: The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 METHODS: We reviewed an example of an organization named Syrian Researchers, which publishes based-on-reliable-sources of scientific content and has massive reachability across Middle East and beyond. RESULTS: We strongly believe that this model is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of health-related disasters. The role of non-governmental scientific initiatives in the Middle East was proven, as some of them showed their attractivity in societies which mostly lack public non-political unbiased scientific platforms that may fill the gap between original scientific sources and a non-English speaking population. We believe that the experience of Syrian Researchers is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of healthrelated disasters. cache = ./cache/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313887-8sabsrgy author = Quandt, Sara A. title = COVID-19 Pandemic among Latinx Farmworker and Nonfarmworker Families in North Carolina: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7451 sentences = 353 flesch = 50 summary = Taken together, the rapidly changing messages, coupled with public concern, and limited availability of up-to-date information in formats for those with limited English proficiency created a situation in the USA in which Latinx workers such as farmworkers were likely to lack consistent and accurate information and, as a result, practice ineffective behaviors to protect themselves and prevent spreading disease to their social network. This study was designed to describe the knowledge, perceived risk and susceptibility, and preventive behaviors reported by Latinx immigrant farmworker and nonfarmworker families in North Carolina during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, these results indicate that, despite relatively high knowledge, strong perceptions of risk from COVID-19, and claims of avoiding situations where contracting or spreading infection might be likely, many of the farmworker families included here do not practice safe physical distancing measures as recommended; and their use of masks appears to be confined to work settings. cache = ./cache/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313836-mcm0xmzw author = Di Micco, Pierpaolo title = Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1095 sentences = 53 flesch = 29 summary = The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion. For this reason, in the literature, some authors reported a positive experience with therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin in patients with severe COVID-19 reporting a reduction of mortality and mortality associated withDIC or PE [13] . Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313682-t3zhqrs9 author = Zhang, Xiaomeng title = Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 157 flesch = 44 summary = Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. Therefore, whether the COVID-19 patients need to undergo tracheotomy and how to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy or after tracheostomy is crucial to benefit the patients and prevent health care workers from the risk of transmission of coronavirus. Therefore, in addition to the safety of patients, the important issue of the tracheotomy is to protect the health care workers and the surgical environment to avoid nosocomial infection. According to our protocol of tracheostomy and nursing, no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results may be due to the fact that in the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19, the patients were often in more severe condition and percutaneous tracheostomy were preferred, because of concerns about for the safety of health care workers and the stress on medical resources. cache = ./cache/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313937-uxz9uedr author = Qiu, Jian-Yin title = Mental Wellness system for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 672 sentences = 41 flesch = 40 summary = Here we describe the recent systemic efforts being developed in our center to maintain mental wellness in public population, isolated patients and first-line medical workers. We are setting up a comprehensive system including population level monitoring of mental states, online emergency psychological intervention based on artificial intelligence, community based scientific dissemination and social bond enhancement, virtual reality and neuromodulation based intervention, and human resources training for emergency psychological interventions. The inventories are online based, self-evaluation scales covering basic demographic information, personal and family infection status in this epidemic, major stress events in past 12 months, perceived stress scale, acute stress measurement, depression scale, anxiety scale, sleep quality scale, media reading status, social support status, attitude towards life and death, and trust of others. Scientific knowledge relate to COVID-19 (e.g. the infection mechanism, the population transmission model, the proper prevention method, and the treatment approaches) are provided as online content and social media based dissemination, as well as through community management system to the public population. cache = ./cache/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313980-jutof78v author = van de Veerdonk, F. L. title = A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4683 sentences = 271 flesch = 49 summary = Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interferon- inducible protein (IP)-10 are higher in COVID-19 patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) than in those who do not require ICU admission. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint Whereas from these data an exuberant innate immune response appears to represent the main immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, so far only a limited number of inflammatory mediators known to be involved in other diseases have been assessed. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint In addition to the inflammatory factors that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients in the ICU, a number of cytokines were shown to be lower in the severely ill patients. However, unbiased clustering of COVID-19 patients differentiated patients based on disease severity (ICU versus non ICU), rather than identifying different inflammatory clusters ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313387-xwb0iphy author = Meleo-Erwin, Zoë title = Online Support Information for Students with Disabilities in Colleges and Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2647 sentences = 170 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the availability of remote instruction and counseling resources on the disability/accessibility websites of colleges and universities in the greater New York City area. The disability/accessibility pages of websites were located and examined for remote instructional resources for both educators and for students, a way to make an appointment with the counseling center (phone number and/or email address), and a link to the counseling center. In particular, our purpose was to determine if the minimum educational and counseling resources were available to college/university students with disabilities and their instructors in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan region which, at the time the study was conducted, was the global epicenter of COVID-19. Though it would be an overreach to equate potential educational, health, and wellness barriers faced by college/university SWD due to the lack of accessible information on remote instruction and counseling to the disproportionate adverse impacts that disasters have had on PWD, we suggest it is reasonable to see them as related. cache = ./cache/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313989-bc7q8swu author = Nicholls, Stephen J. title = Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) # date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3646 sentences = 176 flesch = 35 summary = Challenges The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced limitations for many patients to access standard health services such as visits to health care professionals, medications, imaging and blood tests as well as attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. Furthermore, in the patient with established atherosclerotic CVD, changes in access to the health care system has potential implications for high risk patients to receive secondary prevention strategies. Given the concern regarding the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of the coronavirus pandemic, the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) thought it appropriate to define the potential impact on the effective use of secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation and to make recommendations for patients and health care workers. International guidelines for the care of CVD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic includes advice to address CVD risk factors and promote recovery [12] , and cardiac rehabilitation programs have well-established efficacy for supporting patients with lifestyle change [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313894-stgx36h5 author = Ürün, Yüksel title = Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4279 sentences = 270 flesch = 47 summary = PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. In addition, the survey tool included questions regarding attitudes of medical oncologists around patient risk factors (age, performance status, comorbidities), administration of types of antineoplastic therapy (cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and use of therapy in differing settings (neoadjuvant, adjuvant v metastatic). Regarding perceptions about the safety of antineoplastic therapy, hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were considered to be relatively safe, but cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies CONTEXT Key Objective Does COVID-19 influence the decision-making process of oncologists? Likewise, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, but most of the participants stated that they would be more reluctant to recommend second-or third-line therapies in the metastatic setting Relevance During the pandemic, the decision-making process of oncologists is significantly affected. cache = ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314006-fz1ckclm author = Taylor, C. Barr title = Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID‐19 crisis as a catalyst for change date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1877 sentences = 91 flesch = 40 summary = In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID‐19. These tools are efficacious for many mental health problems including eating disorders (Carlbring, Andersson, Cuijpers, Riper, & Hedman-Lagerlof, 2018; Taylor, Graham, Flatt, & Fitzsimmons-Craft, in press) , and offer the advantage of providing relatively easy access to services typically at lower cost compared to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy. In this commentary, we aim to extend the excellent recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues, to present a roadmap of the systems-and policy-level requirements that are needed to facilitate the widespread adoption and implementation of digital mental health interventions in routine care. Therapists are rapidly having to teach themselves how to not only use the technology required but also how the therapy itself might need to change in response to digital delivery. cache = ./cache/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313984-7wvfnag1 author = Remy, Kenneth E title = Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2174 sentences = 108 flesch = 39 summary = Although more recent controlled studies indicate that plasma IL-6 concentrations can be in the range seen in bacterial infections, the time course of change is very different; in some cases, concentrations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seem to increase over time with illness severity and worsening lung function. Indeed, when measured in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, IL-10 concentrations (the most immunosuppressant cytokine in the body) are also elevated, which might lead to a different conclusion for therapeutic approaches and in understanding the disease pathophysiology. In particular, the modest inflammatory response and the progressive and profound suppression of adaptive immunity in COVID-19 relative to sepsis argues for perhaps a different therapeutic approach. However, if SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to other chronic inflammatory and immune suppressive diseases, such as sepsis, we argue that immune stimulants, and not anti-inflammatory agents, should be considered as the first-line treatment option. cache = ./cache/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313947-2u77y1gx author = Gelardi, Matteo title = COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies? date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 876 sentences = 44 flesch = 53 summary = One aspect is that access to emergency care in Otolaryngology (ORL) patients has already changed in the month following the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, and, seemingly, many non-COVID illnesses have been disappearing. Table 1 shows data regarding the number of emergency department consultations by diagnosis in the 30 days preceding (from February 8th to March 8th, 2020) and 30 days following (from March 9th to April 9th, 2020) the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak at the two main tertiary referral centers in the Puglia region, as well as the percentage reduction for each diagnosis. A reduction in the number of emergency ORL consultations by 80.8% during the COVID-19 pandemic creates new paradigms for the future. At that time, proposed solutions were to increase utilization of outpatient care and to educate patients to seek a preliminary triage consultation with their family physicians; it is possible that the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing our current society in a similar direction. Reduced emergency department utilization after increased access to primary care cache = ./cache/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314135-udce22id author = Geisslinger, Franz title = Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19–and Vice Versa? date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6414 sentences = 379 flesch = 46 summary = The responsible virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is mainly characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath. We summarize the available literature on COVID-19 suggesting an increased risk for severe disease progression in cancer patients, and we discuss the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to cancer development. The main symptoms of COVID-19, the lung disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection are fever, cough, shortness of breath and respiratory distress syndrome with risk for septic shock. Preliminary evidence suggests that such a cytokine storm in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a major factor, promoting severe COVID-19 progress and subsequently disease fatality [8, 12] . Chemotherapy-and radiation therapy-induced immunosuppression is a major risk factor for cancer patients to acquire a severe and probably fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: Relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS † cache = ./cache/cord-314135-udce22id.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314135-udce22id.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314081-6y5ibktt author = Lorente, Leonardo title = Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4257 sentences = 227 flesch = 66 summary = PURPOSE: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30-day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR = 1.659; 95% CI = 1.130-2.434; p = 0.01); APACHE-II and platelet count (OR = 2.062; 95% CI = 1.359-3.129; p = 0.001); and pH and urea (OR = 1.797; 95% CI = 1.250-2.582; p = 0.002). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR = 1.659; 95% CI = 1.130-2.434; p = 0.01), APACHE-II and platelet count (OR = 2.062; 95% CI = 1.359-3.129; p = 0.001), and arterial pH and urea (OR = 1.797; 95% CI = 1.250-2.582; p = 0.002) ( Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313716-pw0odm88 author = Moccia, Lorenzo title = Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2836 sentences = 132 flesch = 37 summary = title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ "Confidence" (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and "Discomfort with closeness" (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective. To the best of our knowledge, our survey results are the first showing that a relevant percentage of the Italian population might have experienced from mild to moderate-to-severe psychological distress symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and that both temperament and AAS features may predict the extent of mental health burden. cache = ./cache/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314085-y59a27oy author = Nash, David B. title = New Normal for Medical Practice Post COVID-19? date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 440 sentences = 32 flesch = 50 summary = Already an accepted mode of health care delivery in the United States, there is convincing evidence that telehealth is efficient, effective, and beneficial for specific uses and patient populations. A substantial population of women with symptoms of vaginitis make up to 10 million outpatient visits per year 2 with associated costs approaching $1.3 billion. 3 The current standard of care calls for a visual examination of external and internal structures as well as vaginal secretions, a ''whiff test'' to detect distinctive odors associated with specific infections, and on-site pH and wet mount diagnostic tests. To me, the implications are clear: it is time to reconsider how best to approach care for this patient population under ''the new normal'' conditions. There is an obvious synergy between telehealth visits and state-of-the-art molecular technology that can be leveraged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of care we provide to women with vaginitis. cache = ./cache/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314113-m46j1379 author = Arias, Jose title = COVID-19 effect on herding behaviour in European Capital Markets date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1367 sentences = 86 flesch = 59 summary = Using a sample from the stock exchanges of France (Paris), Germany (Frankfurt), Italy (Milan), United Kingdom (London) and Spain (Madrid), over the period from January 03, 2000 to June 19, 2020, we found robust evidence that COVID-19 pandemic increased herding behaviour in the capital markets of Europe. Given the above, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic increases herding behaviour in capital markets in Europe. The level of herding is more evident when daily data is used (Tan et al., 2008 January in the Federal state of Bavaria; in Italy Chinese tourists were diagnosed on 30 January on board a cruise ship; in the United Kingdom the first cases were reported on 31 January in the city of York; and in Spain the first patient with COVID-19 was identified on 31 January in La Gomera (Georgeou and Hawksley, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313713-70ykst44 author = Pratap Singh, Ravi title = Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for orthopaedic in COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2438 sentences = 157 flesch = 45 summary = This comprehensive review proposes the possible means of offering medical care to the orthopaedic patients through IoMT approach, during COVID-19 pandemic. The workflow process makes the connections between the essential major IoMT elements, medical appliances, and advanced technology-based devices which ultimately serve the intended functions intending to improve the patient care especially in remote areas [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] . These interconnected services include the well-systemized channel of clinical advances, a digital monitoring system for patients, smart medico-care, data analysis tools, cloud-based computing, smart bed facilities, scanning appliances, etc. The facility of providing medical services in a remote location, online and onscreen checkups, report analysis, database sharing, information computing, overall tracking and monitoring of patients are some of the major applications of IoMT. In the time of ongoing pandemic COVID-19, IoMT offers several advanced cloud-based services and facilities to serve orthopaedic patients more effectually. cache = ./cache/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314014-d9jwy5b6 author = Duan, Hongxia title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4179 sentences = 195 flesch = 46 summary = Furthermore, the use of negative coping strategy plays a potential intermediating role in the stress-related increase in hostility, while social support acts as a buffer in hostility in the general population under high stress. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of a general Chinese population sample during the course of acute pandemic activity the peak of the outbreak (January 31 st to February 9 th ) to the epidemic's remission phase (15 th to 28 th of March) at the individual level. The second aim was to examine whether perceived stress level to the COVID-19 pandemic would predict an increase in hostility and whether coping strategies would play a potential intermediating role in the relationship between stress and hostility. Regression analysis showed that younger age, lower income, higher perceived stress to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as current quarantine experience (measured at T2) are risk factors of depression deterioration. cache = ./cache/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314070-8qz23nn4 author = Gubbi, Sriram title = Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5313 sentences = 296 flesch = 31 summary = The risk factors for severe COVID-19 are diverse, yet closely resemble the clinical manifestations of catecholamine excess states (eg, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immune dysregulation, and hyperglycaemia), suggesting a potentially common basis for disease. 6 Consequently, catecholamine excess states such as PPGL can cause substantial dysregulation of physiological systems, and lead to pronounced changes in pulmonary (vasoplegia), coronary (myocardial infarction), cerebro vascular (stroke), and remaining systemic vascular tone (hypertension), as well as myocardial disease (cardio myopathies), tachyarrhythmias (benign and fatal), hyper coagulability (thromboem bolism), immune dysreg u lation (cytokine storm), and diabetogenic states; these outcomes are the same as the risk factors that lead to adverse outcomes from COVID-19. 19 Increased concentrations of these cytokines and their downstream acute phase reactants (eg, ferritin) have been associated with a higher likelihood of severe disease and mortality in patients with 20 Catecholamines augment the production of IL-6, IL-10, and other cytokines through a self-amplifying feed-forward loop within myeloid cells, an effect mediated through α1-adrenoceptors. cache = ./cache/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314229-9k2dd95b author = Spaccaferri, G. title = Cas groupés d’infections au nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) aux Contamines-Montjoie, Haute-Savoie, janvier–février 2020 date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1971 sentences = 212 flesch = 69 summary = Matériels et méthodes Un cas possible était défini comme tout patient présentant des signes cliniques d'infection respiratoire aiguë et ayant un lien avec le cas index ou avec un cas confirmé lié à ce cas index ; un cas confirmé était un cas possible avec un prélèvement positif par RT-PCR à SARS-CoV-2. Cinq autres touristes anglais ayant séjourné dans le chalet après le départ du cas index ont été en contact avec les cas confirmés symptomatiques : l'un d'eux a été confirmé positif à SARS-CoV-2 le 15/02, traduisant une seconde chaîne de transmission au sein du chalet ; aucun des 6 cas confirmés en France ne présentaient alors de signe de gravité. Introduction Peu de cas de COVID-19 chez des patients infectés par le VIH ont été rapportés dans la littérature. cache = ./cache/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314013-g091lv0s author = Belladonna, Maria Laura title = Potential Benefits of Tryptophan Metabolism to the Efficacy of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2388 sentences = 119 flesch = 35 summary = Here, we briefly discuss the potentially multiple, synergistic mechanisms whereby tocilizumab might exert therapeutic activity, mostly focusing on the production of tryptophan-derived catabolites that would result from blockade of IL-6 signaling, as contextualized to the cytokine storm occurring in COVID-19 patients. If a cytokine storm occurs, the ensuing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is typically associated with severe, rather than moderate, COVID-19, with an immunopathology being characterized by high serum levels of cytokines, CD4 + and CD8 + T (but not B) cell lymphopenia, diffused alveolar damage, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, and acute RDS (Pedersen and Ho, 2020) . COVID-19 is associated to a CRS referred as "cytokine storm" (A), whose reduction at lung level (the main target organ of SARS-CoV2 viral infection) may be achieved by TCZ therapy inhibiting IL-6 proinflammatory effect (B). TCZ treatment might restore a proper IDO1 activity, providing immunoactive Kyn as a ligand for AhR-dependent immune regulation, including the fostering of T-regulatory cell responses. cache = ./cache/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314152-wd153s1g author = Noor, Farha Musharrat title = Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4758 sentences = 276 flesch = 54 summary = CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was highest in the European region and older age, gender, ICU patients, patients with comorbidity had a high risk for case fatality. In this study, we aimed to review the prevalence of mortality and the risk factors associated with mortality among coronavirus infected patients in the hospital and to summarize the available findings in a meta-analysis. This meta-analysis result revealed that the mortality rate among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was high and male gender, older aged patients, patients presented with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc were highly associated with the risk of death among them. Risk factors for mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies cache = ./cache/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314197-om3pggwa author = Altmayer, Stephan title = Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3875 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this manuscript was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the chest CT findings of COVID-2019 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults to evaluate if any discriminatory imaging features may help to distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory viruses. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the following criteria were present: (1) subjects had a positive RT-PCR assay in a respiratory tract sample for one of the following viruses: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), adenovirus (AdV), influenza A H1N1; rhinovirus (RNV); parainfluenza virus (PIV); respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); (2) report of chest computed tomography (CT) findings of viral pneumonia, including at least one of the following imaging features: predominant CT pattern or CT findings; (3) cases of acute infections up to 14 days of onset of symptoms; (4) immunocompetent patients ≥ 16 years; (5) design of the study as randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, or case series. cache = ./cache/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314121-ez62fx9p author = de Chaisemartin, C. title = BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden. date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2902 sentences = 166 flesch = 57 summary = Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG's effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths 3 . This suggests that universal BCG vaccination has no effect on the number of COVID-19 cases per 1000 inhabitants for individuals born in 1975. In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. cache = ./cache/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314272-ey2onl0j author = Zhang, H. title = A Web-based, Mobile Responsive Application to Screen Healthcare Workers for COVID Symptoms: Descriptive Study date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4207 sentences = 209 flesch = 50 summary = manual screening), employee attestations by time of day, and percentage of employees reporting COVID-19 symptoms Results: We rapidly created the MVP and gradually deployed it across the hospitals in our organization. For employees without access to a computer or mobile device to use the self-service application, we established a manual process where in-person, socially distanced screeners asked employees entering the site if they have symptoms and then manually recorded the responses in an Office 365 Form. Human Resources and Occupational Health provided initial requirements including an application that would enable employees who must work onsite at a facility that provides direct patient care to be able to self-screen for symptoms concerning for COVID-19 infection prior to being allowed into the facility. This application needed to be mobile-responsive, provide guidance to the employee about next steps if they do indicate symptoms are present, create a pass that would be "glance-able" to entrance way screening staff, and be able to export user logs on at least a daily basis. cache = ./cache/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314347-4dsg2sxd author = Brondino, Natascia title = Effective Strategies for Managing COVID-19 Emergency Restrictions for Adults with Severe ASD in a Daycare Center in Italy date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2636 sentences = 129 flesch = 45 summary = COVID-19 sanitary restrictions led to significant changes in the lives of people with ASD, including their routines; similarly, these modifications affected the daily activities of the daycare centers which they attended. The present retrospective study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on challenging behaviors in a cohort of people with severe ASD attending a daycare center in Italy at the beginning of the pandemic. The application of governmental restrictions determined significant changes in the activities of the daycare center and a great effort from the healthcare workers to maintain the quality and specificity of services provided to people with ASD. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of restrictions on challenging behaviors in a sample of individuals with ASD and cognitive impairment attending a daycare center before complete lockdown. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of COVID-19 emergency restrictions and daycare center implementation on problem behaviors using our registry. cache = ./cache/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314109-wb45naw2 author = Maiese, Kenneth title = The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4134 sentences = 226 flesch = 35 summary = One such avenue that may prove to be exceedingly fruitful and offer exciting potential as new antiviral therapy involves the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent work has shown that mTOR pathways in conjunction with AMPK may offer valuable targets to control cell injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of hyperinflammation, a significant disability associated with COVID-19. Considering that one of the mechanisms that can lead to severe disability and death during infection with SARS-CoV-2 is an exaggerated activation of the host's immune system that results in systemic hyperinflammation with the elevation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is interesting to note that mTOR pathways have been tied to immune system modulation [40, 54, 55] . • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways with mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) offer new avenues of opportunity for the development of innovative antiviral treatment strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314320-juf6cx14 author = Montazeri, Ali title = Some ethical concerns related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 791 sentences = 56 flesch = 61 summary = title: Some ethical concerns related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Although there are many important concerns related to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), ethical issues should remain the top priority since the humanistic dimension of the recent pandemic is of prime importance. Political misuse, caring for older adults, and spread of harmful information are the 3 main issues that are addressed. As the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads worldwide, apart from many positive actions such as volunteer works and donations, we are witnessing a number of unpleasant and unethical actions that should be avoided. Circulating bad news especially in social media without any ethical commitments may severely harm old people and children. The public health crisis emerging due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) has been worsened due to the effects of misinformation (5) . Fake news or reflecting phantom science is similar to spreading coronavirus and may impact people emotionally (6) and harm vulnerable populations. cache = ./cache/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314211-tv1nhojk author = Eltoukhy, Abdelrahman E. E. title = Data Analytics for Predicting COVID-19 Cases in Top Affected Countries: Observations and Recommendations date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9260 sentences = 551 flesch = 57 summary = The number of COVID-19 cases can be accurately predicted by considering historical data of reported cases alongside some external factors that affect the spread of the virus. [37] have proposed an AI-based algorithm for predicting COVID-19 cases using a hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. These important factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index. First, there is no previous study that simultaneously considers the historical data of the number of COVID-19 cases and most of the external factors that affect the spread of the virus. These external factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index. cache = ./cache/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314171-431buxxr author = Dariya, Begum title = Understanding novel COVID-19: its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6892 sentences = 421 flesch = 51 summary = In this review article, we have presented the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in comorbid patients and discussed organ failure caused by this virus. The mRNA and protein ACE2 expression levels are higher in these patients with cardiac disease, creating an increased risk for severe COVID-19 complications, including heart failure. After SARS-CoV-2 binds with ACE2, the virus degrades it, and thus the free angiotensin II induces acute lung injury [58] . Thus, targeting the binding site of the ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 with antibodies or therapeutic drugs might provide a successful treatment strategy. Moreover, this also increases the level of soluble ACE2 that competitively binds with SARS-CoV-2, causing delayed entry of the virus into cells and protecting against lung injury. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author = Bradshaw, Ralph A. title = On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 57 flesch = 57 summary = The possibilities that could emerge after the pandemic has wound down are truly unique-a potential watershed moment for science, sparked by a new focus on science teaching and training, and by investments in basic and applied research (including science policy), that could better prepare governments and the citizenry for existential threats in the future: pandemics, climate change, food production, etc. While the management of the 1918-19 flu was hampered by a complete lack of knowledge of the causative agent or how to test for it, 1 the identification and a complete structural analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2 occurred very rapidly after the onset of the pandemic in December 2019, and assays of different types for it were developed in just weeks, 3 albeit making these tests widely available has been a major challenge (but this is a political not a medical problem). cache = ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314404-tkhupnko author = Ashokka, Balakrishnan title = Care of the Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency cesarean delivery, Differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, Care of the newborn, and Protection of the healthcare personnel date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2124 sentences = 144 flesch = 54 summary = title: Care of the Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency cesarean delivery, Differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, Care of the newborn, and Protection of the healthcare personnel When a COVID-19 parturient with desaturation (oxygen saturation decreases to ≤93%) presents 256 for emergency cesarean delivery, general anesthesia needs to be administered. This is done with When the parturient's oxygen saturation is adequate (94% and above), 6, 10 regional anesthesia If there is absence of maternal and / or fetal compromise, and emergency cesarean delivery is not 295 indicated, further plans for management of the patient are then made ( Figure 3 ). We present here the best evidence available to 422 address many of these challenges, from making the diagnosis in symptomatic cases, to the debate 423 between nucleic acid testing and chest imaging, to the management of the unwell patient in 424 labor. cache = ./cache/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314280-kf2bo06e author = Brissot, Eolia title = Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2155 sentences = 111 flesch = 44 summary = Their study suggests that hospital admission and recurrent outpatient visits, inherent to cancer patients' management, are potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that percentage of asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 can be high [8] , all newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) should be screened for COVID-19 infection by PCR and high-resolution thoracic computerized tomography scan before initiating chemotherapy [9] ( Table 1 ). Patients fit to receive intensive therapy For patients with favorable or intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [10] who are fit to receive intensive chemotherapy, the standard "3 + 7" induction should be considered [11] . Overall, the management of patients with AL in the COVID-19 outbreak is a major challenge, as this hematological malignancy requires rapid treatment, which may result in a requirement for admission to an ICU unit. cache = ./cache/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314378-cs9ggqwk author = Singh, Prateush title = The Effects of a Novel Global Pandemic (COVID-19) on a Plastic Surgery Department date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1424 sentences = 69 flesch = 53 summary = The long-term implications of this for patients and the economy are uncertain; here we discuss our thoughts on the likely impact on our tertiary plastic surgery department in the UK. 6 According to the Department of Health coronavirus action plan, 7 the 4 steps in the overall response are "containment" (prevent spread), "delay" (slow spread), "research," and "mitigation" (treat infected patients), but a separate statement to "minimise the potential impact on society … including key public services" is also present: what does this mean for plastic surgery departments? Plastic surgery departments are tertiary centers managing acute infections, trauma, and burns, as well as elective reconstructive procedures and research. It is imperative that the seemingly all-encompassing attention on COVID-19 does not adversely affect the acute response needed to deal with plastic surgery emergencies. According to the National Audit Office, £16 billion is spent on elective NHS care per year, 8 with waiting lists for elective plastic surgery procedures up to 12 months long. cache = ./cache/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314218-6znw9zcz author = Baron, D. M. title = Patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic: a narrative review date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 168 flesch = 40 summary = The aim of this expert review is to provide clinicians and healthcare authorities with information on how to apply the principles of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In major elective surgery, patients can be exposed to the effects of pre-operative anaemia, blood loss and red cell transfusion, all of which adversely influence postoperative outcome [11, 12] . In addition, pre-operative iron deficiency in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is associated with a three-fold increased 90-day mortality [16] . Intravenous iron is also effective for treating postoperative anaemia, and should be considered, even in cancer patients who are undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 crisis [26, 31, 32] . Improved outcomes and reduced costs associated with a health-system-wide patient blood management program: a retrospective observational study in four major adult tertiary-care hospitals Effect of ultra-shortterm treatment of patients with iron deficiency or anaemia undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective randomised trial cache = ./cache/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314174-7axpgwva author = Lang, Min title = Operational challenges of a low-dose CT lung cancer screening program during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 648 sentences = 44 flesch = 60 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had tremendous impact on healthcare 5 systems, requiring diversion of resources to focus on the immediate needs of critically ill patients 6 while postponing "non-essential" services, including lung cancer screening (LCS) low dose CT 7 (LDCT). 7 The purpose of our study was to assess 13 how LCS LDCT volume was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Average weekly non-LCS chest CT volume decreased by 29% from the pre-COVID peak period 13 to the COVID peak period and recovered to 92% of pre-COVID peak levels during the post-14 COVID peak period (Figure 2A) . An average 10.8% of the weekly overall chest CT volume were LCS studies during 18 the pre-COVID-peak period compared to 3.6% during the COVID peak period, which recovered 19 to 8.1% by the end of July (week 29; Figure 2B ). Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer 14 Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report cache = ./cache/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314423-6kuefmol author = Experton, B. title = A Multi-Factor Risk Model for Severe Covid-19 for Vaccine Prioritization and Monitoring Based on a 15 Million Medicare Cohort date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4848 sentences = 235 flesch = 42 summary = Methods: We present an integrated multi-factor risk model for severe Covid-19 using de-identified Medicare claims from which we extracted demographic and clinical data for a cohort of 15 million Medicare beneficiaries with 770,000 Covid-19 cases, and socio-economic data at the county and zip code level from the CDC Social Vulnerability Index. The independent variables included in our severe Covid-19 risk models are: beneficiary age, sex, ethnicity, insurance coverage and residential zip code, prior health care utilization (prior hospitalization(s), skilled nursing home admissions, etc.) as a measure for disease severity and frailty, the individual's multiple chronic conditions with in addition to the CMS chronic condition flags, Humetrix compiled diagnostic categories using specific ICD-10 code algorithms, medications grouped by pharmaceutical class, vaccinations before Covid-19 diagnosis, and other variables starting October 1, 2019 (see Supplemental Methods in the Appendix). cache = ./cache/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314426-vwqjspfu author = Tang, Yuanji title = Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Brazil: using a mathematical model to estimate the outbreak peak and temporal evolution date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2053 sentences = 106 flesch = 63 summary = By using a simple mathematical model described previously [3], we present herein the Sars-Cov-2 epidemiology in Brazil and in the five most affected Brazilian states: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Amazonas, Ceara, and Pernambuco. Our mathematical analysis shows that Sao Paulo state is at the peak of daily new cases (∼4000 daily cases), which would persist for some days before starting to drop. Reproduction number (R 0 ) was around 4.5 before quarantine and decreased to 1.7 on 19 May. According to our analysis, Rio de Janeiro state is on the peak of daily new cases (∼2000 daily cases) since the last week of May it would persist for around two weeks before starting to drop. The mathematical model shows that Amazonas state is on the peak of daily new cases since the last week of May (∼1600) and would last approximately three weeks before starting to drop. cache = ./cache/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314466-6j4vuqer author = Kim, A. S. title = Transformed time series analysis of first-wave COVID-19: universal similarities found in the Group of Twenty (G20) Countries date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7654 sentences = 364 flesch = 60 summary = To investigate the universal similarities among the cumulative profiles of confirmed cases and deaths of 19 individual nations in the G20, a transformation algorithm of the time series data sets was developed with open-source software programs. After these statistical phenomena were viewed as identical events occurring at a distinct rate in each country, the reported algorithm of the data transformation using the reduced time revealed a nation-independent, universal profile (especially initial periods of the pandemic spread) from which a nation-specific, predictive estimation could be made and used to assist in immediate public-health policy-making. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128991 doi: medRxiv preprint CCC of the E6 Figure 2 (a) shows that not all E6 nations have a similar onset trend after a certain latency period, but most appear to follow Italy's profile after their CCC numbers exceed approximately no more than 100, denoted here as the default CCC threshold ν c = 100. cache = ./cache/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314349-rhm1ii3d author = Kraft, Miquel title = Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2709 sentences = 155 flesch = 48 summary = Summary Background Data Gastrointestinal involvement has been described in COVID-19; however, no clear figures of incidence, epidemiology and economic impact exist for de-novo surgical diseases in hospitalized patients Methods This is a prospective study including all patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 rT-PCR, between 1 March and 15 May 2020 at two Tertiary Hospitals. The overall median length of stay(LOS) of patients admitted to ICU was longer in those requiring surgical consultation compared with those who did not (51.5 vs 25 days,p=0.0042). Patients requiring surgical consultation and treatment for de-novo surgical disease had longer median ICU-LOS (31.5 vs 12 days, p=0.0004). In this study, the overall incidence of de-novo surgical disease in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 was 0.32% in two tertiary hospitals during the peak phase of the pandemic, which increased to 1.9% when only considering patients already admitted in ICU for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author = Ge, Huipeng title = The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5263 sentences = 325 flesch = 55 summary = In November 2002, a novel betacoronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in Guangdong, China, and resulted in more than 8000 infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries. This review makes a comprehensive introduction about this disease, including the genome structure and receptor of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients ranged from mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with organ function damage. The COVID-19 patients around the world were diagnosed based on World Health Organization interim guidance [65] , and China updated the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program (trial version) (in Chinese) according to epidemic situation and improved awareness of disease. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314468-9anuq5bt author = Billig, Jessica I. title = The Compounding Access Problem for Surgical Care: Innovations in the Post-COVID Era date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1142 sentences = 79 flesch = 48 summary = 1 Long delays in care for essential non-urgent surgery, including cancer operations, can lead to lower overall survival and higher complication rates. As we surface from the COVID-19 pandemic, surgeons will face the dilemma of scarce operative resources (i.e.: time, operating room space, surgical workforce, etc.) and how best to provide for the multitude of patients who had their surgical care delayed. Expansion of surgical access will need to be in the context of continuing COVID-related constraints, including limited hospital bed and intensive care unit capacity and a possible "second wave" of infections. Given this compounded access problem, we need to evaluate Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. What new strategies are needed to improve access to surgical care in the post-COVID-19 era? Telehealth can improve access to surgical care through minimizing patient travel, obviating the need for significant time off of work, and promoting flexibility in time of day that visits are scheduled. cache = ./cache/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314657-mqoqhr33 author = Mahmud, Nadim title = Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1227 sentences = 74 flesch = 44 summary = To address these gaps, we used national data in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), a single integrated system of care and the largest single US provider of liver-related care, to: (1) investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of national cirrhosis hospitalizations, and (2) identify salient changes in hospitalization-level characteristics. Linear regression limited to 2020 was then used to investigate effects of SIP orders, and number of incident COVID-19 cases and deaths on cirrhosis hospitalizations, adjusted for linear time trends in pre-and during-COVID periods. To investigate changes in patient and hospital-level characteristics during the pandemic, we defined three 2020 subgroup eras: pre-COVID (before February 29 th ), early-COVID (February 29 th to March 25 th ), and late-COVID (March 26 th to April 15 th ). We also identified important changes in hospitalizationlevel characteristics in the late-COVID era, including significant declines in academic center hospitalizations, decreased LOS, fewer hospital transfers, increased admission MELD, and more frequent discharge to home rather than facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314512-60dk9zma author = Lorente, Leonardo title = Altas Concentraciones Séricas De Nitratos En Pacientes COVID-19 Fallecidos date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3096 sentences = 193 flesch = 48 summary = Conclusions: The main novel finding was the association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients controlling for the SOFA or APACHE-II scores, though larger studies are needed to confirm this observation. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the potential association between serum nitrate levels and mortality of COVID-19 patients. We performed logistic regression analyses to determine the possible association between serum nitrate levels and 30-day mortality after to control by SOFA or APACHE-II. We think that this association between high serum nitrate levels and high COVID-19 patients mortality found in our study could be due to a higher nitric oxide production which lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, bioenergetic failure and cellular toxicity and all this can contribute to organ dysfunction and finally the death of the patients. cache = ./cache/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314690-jc6cx76a author = Guha, Avirup title = Community and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with COVID-19 in the United States: Zip code level cross sectional analysis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3004 sentences = 182 flesch = 52 summary = Methods: In this study, zip-code level data from 5 major metropolitan areas, was utilized to study the effect of multiple demographic & socio-economic factors including race, age, income, chronic disease comorbidity, population density, number of people per household on number of positive cases and ensuing death. In a multivariable linear regression model (table 2) it was noted than proportion of residents above the age of 65 years, proportion of African American residents, proportion of females, persons per household and population density of the zip code was significantly associated with increased likelihood of positive cases in a zip code (P <= 0.01). We demonstrate that zip codes with a greater proportion of residents above 65 years of age, African American residents, persons per household, and population density were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314660-ftcrf6c2 author = Altamimi, H. title = The Outcome of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3393 sentences = 228 flesch = 54 summary = Conclusion Contrary to previous small reports, overall in-hospital adverse events were low in this largest cohort of COVID-19 patients presenting with AMI. In contrast to most of previous reports (18, 19) which suggested high prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease among AMI COVID-19 patients and worse outcome, significant obstructive coronary angiography was highly prevalent in our cohort, moreover, in-hospital adverse events were very low with only 1 stroke and 2 deaths reported. Fourth, 35% of our AMI patients did not undergo coronary angiography because their treated physicians regarded them as low-risk cases and is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Conclusion: Contrary to previous small reports, the majority of COVID-19 patients presenting with AMI have significant obstructive coronary artery disease and overall excellent in-hospital outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314810-ny4mnzqc author = Provenzi, Livio title = The Little Professor and the Virus: Scaffolding Children’s Meaning Making During the COVID-19 Emergency date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2134 sentences = 98 flesch = 38 summary = In sum, scaffolding children's meaning-making process during the present pandemic is crucial to help them cope with the emergency situation and to avoid the overwhelming and traumatic effects of misleading or partial cognitive appraisal and emotional over-reactions. After all, it is in the reciprocal and mutual exchange of affective states that happen within the parent-child relationship, that children can develop appropriate and successful emotional regulation strategies and resilience to stress (28) . Indeed, previous research suggests that family-based narrative approaches provide a structured opportunity to elicit parents' and children's meaning-making, assemble divergent storylines into a shared family narrative, and thereby enhance members' skills to cope with stressful and traumatic events developing hope and trust in family support (29) . Additionally, far from hinder this intuitive thinking, adults can engage in a careful listening of children emotional world and they can understand which are the elements contributing to the emergent meaning-making process that they are developing (32) . cache = ./cache/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314343-u8u7nq44 author = Sinclair, A.J. title = Age, frailty and diabetes – triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1132 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = The epidemiology of COVID-19 incidence, severity of illness and mortality seem to be shifted towards older people particularly those with multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [1] . Older age was also identified as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia in a Chinese retrospective, multicentre cohort study {odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to1.17, p = 0¢004) [3] . In a meta-analysis of 8 Chinese studies to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in 46,248 infected patients with COVID-19, median age 46.0 years (51.6%) men, diabetes mellitus was the second most prevalent comorbidity (8%) after hypertension (17%) and higher than cardiovascular (5%) and respiratory diseases (2%) [2] . Although frailty was not formally assessed in the COVID-19 infection trials, old age associated with comorbidities including diabetes were associated with an increased risk of infection and worse outcome. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314817-8ybegozg author = Patel, Priya title = Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 331 sentences = 24 flesch = 46 summary = key: cord-314817-8ybegozg title: Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis cord_uid: 8ybegozg SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients with associated thromboembolic events have demonstrated poor outcomes despite the use of anticoagulation therapy and surgical intervention. We present a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia, secondary to extensive thrombosis of an aortic aneurysm, iliac arteries, and infrainguinal arteries. extensive thrombosis of an aortic aneurysm, iliac arteries, and infrainguinal arteries. In particular, surgical 33 interventions to treat arterial thrombosis in these pro-thrombotic patients have proven to 34 be challenging, with poor outcomes 8-10 . 35 We describe the case of a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia (ALI) 36 secondary to thrombosed aortic aneurysm and bilateral lower extremity arteries, initially 37 treated with systemic thrombolysis, followed by surgical revascularization. We describe a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia secondary to macro-101 and micro-vascular thromboses at multiple levels, including a thrombosed aortic cache = ./cache/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314796-bek92zs9 author = Hartung, Hans-Peter title = COVID-19 and management of neuroimmunological disorders date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1313 sentences = 82 flesch = 36 summary = The pathogen was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the diseasecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -has caused the first recorded non-influenza pandemic. On the basis of their presumed mode of action and evidence from their use in patients, β-interferons, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide are safe in COVID-19 because they do not cause relevant immunosuppression or increase the risk of viral infections. Nevertheless, an immediate and ongoing neurological challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the management of patients who are undergoing immunotherapy for existing neuroimmunological disease. Nevertheless, an immediate and ongoing neurological challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the management of patients who are undergoing immunotherapy for existing neuroimmunological disease. The complement-blocking mAb eculizumab, which is approved for treatment of NMOSD, has not been associated with an increased risk of viral infections. However, COVID-19 affects the management of patients with neurological diseases in many ways. cache = ./cache/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314614-rr0zckrv author = Huang, Jing title = Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1975 sentences = 100 flesch = 47 summary = title: Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department We used checklists based on our experiences on COVID-19 control and reality of clinical work from February to March in the West China Hospital, involving events of screening patient, chaperonage, and healthcare workers. In order to protect the safety of patients and staffs, and maintain the normal order of hospital, we provided a try for the design, context, and structure of checklists adapted for healthcare workers and vascular surgery department when operating prevention and control work. Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department. Checklists were designed based on National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and our institutional policies and we aimed to design an easy-to-use tool that requires little time but provides order, logic, and systematization and increase the level of both workers and patient safety in vascular surgery department during COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314843-vw8a1994 author = Marijon, Eloi title = Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3824 sentences = 164 flesch = 43 summary = 6, 7 In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of OHCA during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods using a real-time multisource surveillance system set up in 2011, in an urban region (Paris and its suburbs, France). 9 In Paris and its suburbs (6·8 millions inhabitants), patients with OHCA are managed by the Paris EMS, a two-tiered response system, coordinated via a unique dispatch centre (not changed during the pandemic period): 12, 13 (1) Non-traumatic OHCA was defined as any cardiac arrest, after exclusion of cases with obvious accidental causes, irrespective of whether resuscitation was attempted or not. Although our findings might be partly related to direct COVID-19 deaths-patients suspected to have or had received a diagnosis of COVID-19 accounted for a third of the increase in cases of OHCA-indirect effects related to lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. cache = ./cache/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314893-6zepsday author = Ho, Quan Yao title = Evaluating Potential Deceased Donor Renal Transplant Recipients for Asymptomatic COVID-19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 701 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = W e present a case of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosed in a hemodialysis patient during deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT) evaluation and discuss the challenges of excluding COVID-19 before transplantation. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on respiratory specimens is used to confirm COVID-19, but its sensitivity may be affected by the patient's functional status, type of respiratory specimen, and collection technique 3 and has been reported to be initially negative, especially in mild or early illness. Chest radiography may be a useful adjunct in the screening of COVID-19 but is not sensitive in mild or early disease. In a recent meta-analysis, CT was suggested to be more sensitive than real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 3 but can be also negative in mild or early disease. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection cache = ./cache/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314874-6ey87o16 author = Palomar-Ciria, Nora title = COMMENTARY TO “SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM”, AN UPDATE date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 567 sentences = 40 flesch = 58 summary = Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 19 , atypical presentations that include neuropsychiatric conditions have been observed in infected patients (Nalleballe et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020) . Neuropsychiatric symptoms are present in more than half the cases (Romero-Sánchez et al., 2020) . Catatonia is a rare neuropsychiatric condition that has been rarely associated to COVID-19 (Caan et al., 2020) . COVID-19 exhibits potential neurotropic properties and we must reinforce the idea that catatonic signs could be observed, especially in psychiatric patients, who are a population at risk of this new disease. As knowledge on the medical aspects of the infection increases, research on the psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 should be warranted. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry cache = ./cache/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314921-u74jut63 author = LeVine, Shankar title = Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1730 sentences = 94 flesch = 51 summary = The patient's swab reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 was confirmed positive at midnight, and by morning, the Ministry of Health had traced approximately 90 contacts from the healthcare sector and hotel and restaurant staff; based on their degree of exposure, the patient contacts were instructed to either home quarantine or present to a quarantine facility. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread to new countries, some aspects pertaining to the patient's presentation, interventions to provide patient care, and the country's measures of containment in response to this first case in Bhutan may be of broad interest. 6 The patient's presentation did not fall into the case definition for COVID-19 that Bhutan was using at that time, which was limited to fever and respiratory symptoms. The public health strategies initiated by Bhutan's Ministry of Health and government are beyond the scope of this case report, but the immediate steps pertaining to the patient's contacts and medical staff caring for the patient are of interest. cache = ./cache/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314948-7tnrfk24 author = Borrás, A title = Pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 y reproducción asistida date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5419 sentences = 561 flesch = 53 summary = Estas medidas fueron cruciales no sólo para permitir hospitales e instalaciones médicas tratar el aumento explosivo de pacientes con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (denominada COVID19) , sino también para reducir la transmisión de la enfermedad, mediante estrategias de mitigación, especialmente individuales (el aislamiento). Se sugiere que la presencia de ACE2 puede ser uno de los principales determinantes de la susceptibilidad de las células a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida cache = ./cache/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314711-c6rqv4zd author = Pan, Jinhua title = Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3349 sentences = 175 flesch = 45 summary = Purpose To examine the association between meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and UV radiation) and transmission capacity of COVID-19. We further validated our results using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate the changes of daily cases of COVID-19 in China under different temperatures and relative humidity conditions. Other studies, however, came to an opposite conclusion that meteorological factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, were associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases (Byass, 2020; Pani et al., 2020; Runkle et al., 2020) . Finally, to validate the observed associations of meteorological factors with the COVID-19 transmission, we constructed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model ( Figure S1 ) using Chinese data. In this analysis covering 202 locations in 8 countries, meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and UV radiation) were not significantly associated with the COVID-19 transmission, suggesting that warmer weather alone seems unlikely to reduce the spread ability of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314826-usfvulc2 author = Sharifipour, Ehsan title = Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4341 sentences = 228 flesch = 43 summary = In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. Although COVID-19 associated deaths have mainly occurred in the elderly with serious underlying diseases [3] , nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in intensive care units remains a major risk factor for the patients and the health of patients, especially when intubated, may deteriorate in the presence of lower respiratory tract infections. Some studies have shown that viral agents such as influenza viruses can be associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia that might occur throughout hospitalization and lead to the death of individuals with or without preexisting respiratory diseases [8] . Therefore, our aim was to evaluate secondary bacterial infections and their antibiotic resistance in COVID-19 positive patients admitted to ICUs in Qom, the first city in Iran to report COVID-19 disease [14] . However, further work is required to investigate whether there are increased mortality rates associated with patients co-infected with COVID-19 and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. cache = ./cache/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314829-tmgmqtjq author = Scohy, Anaïs title = Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1189 sentences = 73 flesch = 57 summary = title: Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis Recently, several easy to perform rapid antigen detection tests were developed and recommended in some countries as the first line of diagnostic. We performed a comparison study by testing nasopharyngeal samples with RT-qPCR and antigen rapid test. Amongst the 106 positive RT-qPCR samples, 32 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 30.2%. All the samples detected positive with the antigen rapid tests were also positive with RT-qPCR. The aim of this study was to assess the performances of COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip as a frontline testing in comparison to molecular technique. In the ongoing pandemic context of COVID-19, diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in order to limit the spread of the virus as well as appropriately manage infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314719-qi8gilkr author = Dawson, David L. title = COVID-19: Psychological Flexibility, Coping, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6972 sentences = 379 flesch = 37 summary = In planned regression models, psychological flexibility demonstrated incremental predictive validity for all distress and wellbeing outcomes (over and above both demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses). Studies that have tracked the long-term sequelae of previous coronavirus pandemics (such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] in 2002) suggest that psychological difficulties -including PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired quality of life -can sustain for months and even years post-outbreak, particularly for those who contract the virus or who are directly exposed to it through their occupational roles (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2008; Chan & Huak, 2004; Hui et al., 2005; Kwek et al., 2006; A. In these five models, psychological flexibility explained an additional 5-18% of outcome variance -over and above demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses (as measured by the Brief COPE). Whilst associations generally (inversely) paralleled those observed for avoidant coping, psychological flexibility accounted for unique variance in both distress and wellbeing -including COVID-19-specific distress (IES-6) and worry. cache = ./cache/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314736-jqgyln7b author = George, Ciju K. title = Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 Pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 55 flesch = 51 summary = Tracheostomy is a lifesaving surgical procedure in patients with severe upper airway compromise. Eleven patients have so far presented to the Emergency Room of the Regional Cancer Centre Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India, with airway compromise due to cancer-related stridor during the lockdown period of COVID 19 pandemic. In an oncology setting, emergency tracheostomy for stridor very often presents at its most critical state during the COVID-19 pandemic season, and it is our commitment that no patients should die of surgically correctable air hunger.  Adequate personal protection, rapid restoration of the airway with the minimum aerosol generation, and prevention of COVID 19 dissemination are keys to the success of Emergency Tracheostomy during the Pandemic.  Adequate personal protection, rapid restoration of the airway with the minimum aerosol generation, and prevention of COVID 19 dissemination are keys to the success of Emergency Tracheostomy during the Pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314837-5nnlyavp author = Verhagen, Mark D. title = Forecasting spatial, socioeconomic and demographic variation in COVID-19 health care demand in England and Wales date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4146 sentences = 189 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: Combining census estimates and hospital capacity data from ONS and NHS at the Administrative Region, Ceremonial County (CC), Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) and Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) level from England and Wales, we calculate the number of individuals at risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Combining multiple sources, we produce geospatial risk maps on an online dashboard that dynamically illustrate how the pre-crisis health system capacity matches local variations in hospitalization risk related to age, social deprivation, population density and ethnicity, also adjusting for the overall infection rate and hospital capacity. Static maps are shown in this study, with an online companion dashboard available (https://covid19.demographicscience.ox.ac.uk/demrisk), that allows users and policy-makers to examine different geographic levels (region, CC, CCG, LSOA) and adapt estimates by the overall infection rate and hospital capacity relative to normal circumstances. cache = ./cache/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314849-owqq0lev author = Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D. title = Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2944 sentences = 157 flesch = 50 summary = The results suggest that Deep Learning with X-ray imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. To achieve this, a collection of 1427 thoracic X-ray scans is processed and utilized to train and test the CNNs. Due to the fact that the size of the samples related to Covid-19 is small (224 images), transfer learning is a preferable strategy to train the deep CNNs. This is due to the fact that the state-of-the-art CNNs are sophisticated model requiring large-scale datasets to perform accurate feature extraction and classification. The results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning, and more specifically, transfer learning with CNNs to the automatic detection of abnormal X-ray images from small datasets, related to the Covid-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315129-p31vm79o author = Bock, Jens-Ole title = Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3553 sentences = 181 flesch = 48 summary = title: Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Here, we use the publicly available proteomics data from this study to re-analyze the in vitro cellular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection by impact pathways analysis and network analysis. Cellular factors exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to gain entry into cells have recently been studied, revealing that the virus uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host cell receptor, together with the serine protease TMPRSS2. Host cell proteomics studies that measure changes in protein abundance following viral entry and subsequent global pathway and network analysis can shed some light on the mechanisms that are used and/or altered by the virus and may reveal novel drug targets. cache = ./cache/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314767-iyvsxfsa author = Held, Michael B. title = Response to letter to the editor on “Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.” date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 379 sentences = 35 flesch = 59 summary = Title: Response to letter to the editor on "Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 1 pandemic." 2 3 Title: Response to letter to the editor on "Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 1 pandemic." 2 3 We would like to thank the authors for their thoughtful review and commentary on our 4 manuscript entitled "Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 5 our 9 case differs from an elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA), as we presented a critically ill, 10 decompensated patient with active COVID-19 disease and an acute femoral neck fracture In conclusion, we appreciate the thoughtful response by the authors regarding our manuscript 44 describing a deliberate delay in surgery in a patient requiring THA with COVID-19. Timing and Tips for Total Hip 52 Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report Hip Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314884-110nqkej author = Lansiaux, Édouard title = Covid-19 And Vit-D: Disease Mortality Negatively Correlates With Sunlight Exposure date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1552 sentences = 97 flesch = 44 summary = In the current study, we applied a Pearson correlation test to public health as well as weather data, in order to assess the linear relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and the sunlight exposure. In the current study, we applied a Pearson correlation test to public health as well as weather data, in order to assess the linear relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and the sunlight exposure. For instance in continental metropolitan France, average annual sunlight hours are significantly (for a p-value of 1.532x10 -32 ) correlated to the COVID-19 mortality rate, with a Pearson coefficient of -0.636. Specifically in the context of continental metropolitan France, the correlation between sunlight exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection will be studied in this article, by using an adjusted Pearson test applied to public health and weather data [13] [14] [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315001-1ui27pkc author = Peterson, Nicholas title = Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1593 sentences = 96 flesch = 54 summary = Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. We present a case showing an association between Kawasaki disease and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for Kawasaki disease (KD). is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for possible Kawasaki disease. cache = ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314733-fyximykl author = Butu, Alina title = The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11552 sentences = 543 flesch = 50 summary = The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. Short food chain supply (SFSC) systems provide multiple benefits (of economic, social, environmental, cultural, and health nature) for people and society as a whole: new job opportunities in the agri-food sector at local level [54] , encouraging knowledge transfer, counter-balancing the effects of population migration [55] or gentrification, supporting the local services and suppliers by sustaining the stores of small producers and farmers' markets, preserving cultural heritage, including promotion of tourism [56] and local gastronomy, and improving the quality of life by securing access to healthier food [57] . cache = ./cache/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314942-eym2rh8v author = El Tabaa, Manar Mohammed title = New putative insights into neprilysin (NEP)-dependent pharmacotherapeutic role of roflumilast in treating COVID-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7634 sentences = 473 flesch = 48 summary = Being a highly selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4i), roflumilast acts by enhancing the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), that probably potentiates its anti-inflammatory action via increasing neprilysin (NEP) activity. Because activating NEP was previously reported to mitigate several airway inflammatory ailments; this review thoroughly discusses the proposed NEP-based therapeutic properties of roflumilast, which may be of great importance in curing COVID-19. Additionally, breaking ET-1 by NEP will prolong the anti-inflammatory effect of 716 roflumilast via maintaining the high cAMP level which is underscored to play an 717 important role in improving the immune system of highly risk COVID-19 groups 718 (Graf et al., 1995; Raker et al., 2016) . Degrading ET-1 can also inhibit pulmonary fibrosis via blocking the ET-1-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and at the same time, maintain the high level of cAMP which may contribute for long-term anti-inflammatory effect of roflumilast. cache = ./cache/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315006-w2wsaan5 author = Abdoli, Amir title = Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 543 sentences = 42 flesch = 57 summary = Furthermore, strange methods, including the application of sesame oil into the body, granite baths, and smoking harmala have been recommended for the prevention of COVID-19. 4 Exaggerated information about the case fatality rate and pandemic estimates is another challenge of this crisis hinted at in social media. 5 Gossip and rumors are not only diminishing the mental health status, 6 but also may be interfering with the processes of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, planning strategies for coping with fake news during this crisis should be considered by the government and the health authorities. Also, it is recommended that health authorities be more active in social media, especially during the outbreak of diseases to disseminate accurate information and factual news. COVID-19 rumors spread like a virus in Japan. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis cache = ./cache/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315056-ohyb6oa0 author = Xu, Juanjuan title = Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4426 sentences = 247 flesch = 50 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset This retrospective study presents the clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles, treatments, and outcomes of atypical COVID-19 patients without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. The study examined ten atypical patients out of 909 severe or critical patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan Union Hospital West Campus between 25 January 2020 and 10 February 2020. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan and nucleic acid detection should be performed immediately on close contacts of COVID-19 patients to screen out those with atypical infections, even if the contacts present without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients who presented no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. An atypical patient was defined as a patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 but without characteristic fever or respiratory symptoms before hospital admission. cache = ./cache/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315166-ga6e3lqp author = Isoletta, Eugenio title = Emergency accesses in Dermatology Department during the Covid‐19 pandemic in a referral third level center in the north of Italy date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1695 sentences = 102 flesch = 56 summary = Since February 21 st , 2020, when the first case in Italy was confirmed, an overwhelming number of SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected and hospital organizations have adapted to cope with the emergency, 1,2 . We performed a retrospective review of all dermatological consultations in the ED of IRCSS San Matteo between February 22 nd (date of the first proven autochthonous Covid-19 case) and May 3 rd (date of the end of the "phase 1" of the lockdown). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the number of dermatological ED consultation, on the severity of cases presented to the ED with cutaneous symptoms, and on the diagnoses at discharge. The first finding emerging from our data was a dramatic reduction in the request for dermatological ED consultations during the COVID pandemic comparing to the same period in 2019, from 164 patients to 33, with an absolute difference of -79.9 percentage points ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314889-lo3kkrfp author = Magrini, Stefano Maria title = Letter to the editor regarding “lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable” date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 673 sentences = 38 flesch = 48 summary = title: Letter to the editor regarding "lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable" Many of us in the global radiation oncology community independently raised the possibility of using low doses of thoracic radiation therapy based upon historical data suggesting benefit in pneumonia and its ongoing use in the treatment of nonneoplastic disease [5] [6] . We agree with the authors that it is essential to conduct rigorous preclinical testing of low dose radiation therapy. With old but relevant clinical data and research suggesting anti-inflammatory effects of radiation at very low doses that may affect key inflammatory cells involved in the hyper-inflammatory host response to COVID-19 [9], we do not agree that preclinical studies are require for radiation therapy and should be treated differently than the other therapies being tested. cache = ./cache/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author = Escher, Felicitas title = Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3813 sentences = 241 flesch = 48 summary = Accordingly, we prospectively analysed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from a cohort of 104 samples of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart disease for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and hints for histopathological injury. Up to 8 EMBs each of 104 patients [mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female] with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed between 3 February and 26 March 2020 in German clinical centres in accordance with SARS-CoV2 spread in Germany. In this study, we established for the first time the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in 5 of 104 EMBs of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure. Our finding of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in EMBs of patients suffering from myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy cannot rule out or confirm the infection of cardiac cells but revealed incremental insights into organ-specific infection of SARS-CoV-2 using possibly macrophage migration as a shuttle from the lung to the heart. cache = ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315116-u7btx7nt author = Cabrera-Tasayco, Fiorella del Pilar title = Biosafety Measures at the Dental Office After the Appearance of COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 162 flesch = 48 summary = A search was conducted in the main databases of the scientific literature using the words "COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-Cov2, biosecurity, disinfection and dentistry." We analyzed biosecurity and disinfection standards at the dental office and dental health personnel to date, and their adaptation to the needs and way of working of each. 8 In addition, in early April, the American Dental Association (ADA) published guidelines for protective measures in dental offices to maintain biosecurity and thereby minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission before, during, and after dental care. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine the biosecurity measures required in dental offices after the appearance of COVID-19, seeking to provide dental health personnel with updates on the biosecurity and disinfection standards recommended to date, and their adaptation to the needs and ways of working of each. cache = ./cache/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315152-v3l33up6 author = Figlerowicz, Magdalena title = First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1701 sentences = 114 flesch = 57 summary = title: First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia We present the case of a six-year-old girl with severe COVID-19, in whom SARS-CoV-2 was successfully eliminated after convalescent plasma transfusion. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) arose unexpectedly in China. In pediatric patients with a severe or critical course of COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can occur; toxic shock is also observed. Here, we present a case of using a J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f convalescent plasma transfusion as a therapeutic method for severe pediatric COVID-19associated aplastic anemia. We present a case of using convalescent plasma in the therapy of a child with severe COVID-19. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315058-t7bq4yqw author = Brand, Samuel P C title = Forecasting the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7568 sentences = 432 flesch = 49 summary = Key epidemiological characteristics such as the basic reproductive number and the age-specific rate of developing COVID-19 symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2, were adapted for the Kenyan setting from a combination of published estimates and analysis of the age distribution of cases observed in the Chinese outbreak. In the scenario with no transmission from asymptomatics the observed epidemic was dominated by cases among the working-age population (Figure 3 ), who we estimated as having high rates of assortative (i.e. within same age-group) mixing ( Figure 4 ) and a small but not negligible risk of developing symptoms of COVID-19 after infection. In this modelling study we have integrated existing data on the social structure, and mobility, of the Kenyan population with rapidly evolving estimates of the fundamental epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 so as to make the best possible prediction of the scale of the epidemic risk that Kenya faces from the first coronavirus pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315246-b477kabe author = Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title = Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn? date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1285 sentences = 61 flesch = 44 summary = The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. As the impact of COVID-19 on wellbeing and mental health appears to be significant, dental services will need to be able to provide some sort of 'psychological counselling and reassurance' prior to dental care to vulnerable individuals with complex pre-existing conditions and special requirements. This is a primary role of reorganized dental services to minimize an indirect impact of COVID-19 on oral health; therefore, preparation seems to be another key word for special dental care 'evolution' in the nearest future. cache = ./cache/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315209-xpzqd0wk author = Kabamba Nzaji, Michel title = Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3085 sentences = 168 flesch = 50 summary = Non-adherence was associated with never studied and primary education level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], unemployed status [aOR=1.29, CI=1.01–1.67], living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province) [aOR=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], female gender of head of household [aOR=1.53, CI=1.16–2.03], no attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19 [aOR=1.61, CI=1.08–2.40], not being satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health [aOR=2.26, CI=1.78–2.81], not been regularly informed about the pandemic [aOR=2.25, CI=1.80–2.03], and bad knowledge about COVID-19 [aOR=2.36, CI=1.90–2.93]. Table 3 presents the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following variables predicted non-respect of the instructions for the COVID-19 pandemic: never studied and primary education level, unemployed status, living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province), female gender of head of household, not attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19, not been satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health, not been regularly informed about the pandemic, and bad knowledge about COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315149-71bmj5il author = Caballero Bermejo, Antonio F. title = Sarilumab versus standard of care for the early treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients: SARTRE: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11227 sentences = 612 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an earlier therapeutic intervention with sarilumab plus SOC (including corticosteroids) may be more effective than current standard of care alone, in preventing progression to respiratory failure in COVID-19 infected patients with interstitial pneumonia. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an earlier therapeutic intervention with sarilumab plus SOC may be more effective than current standard of care alone, which according to our local protocol includes weight adjusted corticosteroids doses, in preventing progression to respiratory failure in COVID-19 infected patients with interstitial pneumonia. Patients randomized to the control arm (CS + SOC group without sarilumab) progressing to severe respiratory failure fulfilling criteria for treatment with anti-IL6 inhibitors according to clinical practice guidelines, as defined by the presence of Brescia-COVID SARTRE STUDY EudraCT Number: 2020-002037-15 Version 2.0 (May 05th 2020) Scale 2-3 plus inflammatory markers, will be offered the option to be rescued with sarilumab at the same doses and be included in an open-label follow-up phase. cache = ./cache/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315247-86ibo5gn author = Ćosić, Krešimir title = Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4734 sentences = 184 flesch = 30 summary = The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs' stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs' reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases. cache = ./cache/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315159-c9n8cro3 author = Soni, Vivek Kumar title = Fight COVID-19 depression with immunity booster: Curcumin for psychoneuroimmunomodulation date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 790 sentences = 59 flesch = 37 summary = Beyond infection, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals through associated anxiety and stress and caused a collateral damage (Tandon, 2020) . Known for immunoboosting aptitude, curcumin can alleviate the COVID-19 associated ill-effects including cytokine storm (Liu and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Ying, 2020) . Depression-disorders in COVID-19 prevention measuresdriven social distort are possibly brought by oxidative stress . The potential of curcumin containing nutraceutical in COVID-19 has been predicted both through PNI modulation and 'meaning response' . Moreover, curcumin can alleviate the overt inflammatory consequences (Vishvakarma, 2014; Soni et al., 2020) , even those associated with COVID-19 (Liu and Ying, 2020) , and thus will improve physical wellbeing. Curcumin can improve the hematopoietic differentiation of immune cells (Vishvakarma 2020), antidepressant effect, and neurogenesis (Zalachoras et al., 2020, Lopresti and Drummond, 2017) may also improve the mood function and ward off anxiety cache = ./cache/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315321-kax4gqhc author = Laplana, M. title = Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2267 sentences = 135 flesch = 58 summary = title: Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients Conclusion: We did not find differences of reported COVID-19 cases between treated and untreated groups, indicating a lack of protection by regular administration of chloroquine and its derivative drugs on COVID-19 infection. Thus, our study aims to test this hypothesis by evaluating the incidence 67 of COVID-19 disease in the population according to chloroquine treatment subgroups through a 68 survey. [11] 135 Discussion 136 Our results show no differences in COVID-19 prevalence among untreated and chronically treated 137 individuals with chloroquine or derivative drugs. 139 We must note that we found a clear association between the COVID-19 disease prevalence and 140 exposure to a close family member or flatmate positive for COVID-19 in both, treated and untreated 141 subjects, that points to a lack of any protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection attributable to 142 chronic treatment with chloroquine or derivative drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315157-2p45frlk author = Donell, Simon T. title = Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4613 sentences = 279 flesch = 50 summary = PURPOSE: To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family's lives. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. The aim is to help orthopaedic surgeons across Europe (and a wider global audience) with a special interest in elective hip and knee arthroplasty prepare for the resurgence or new outbreak of COVID-19 in their locality. This paper reports the recommendations for individual surgeons on how to prepare for a new lockdown to minimise this impact on their elective hip and knee arthroplasty practice. cache = ./cache/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315424-i3nnennw author = Willer, Brittany L. title = The otolaryngologist’s and anesthesiologist’s collaborative role in a pandemic: a large quaternary pediatric center’s experience with COVID-19 preparation and simulation date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2607 sentences = 145 flesch = 36 summary = Because of the aerosolization inherent in airway management, the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist should be intimately familiar with strategies to mitigate the high-risk periods of viral contamination that are posed to the environment and healthcare personnel during tracheal intubation and extubation procedures. Since both the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist are directly involved in emergency airway interventions, both specialties impact the safety of caring for COVID-19 patients and are a part of overall hospital pandemic preparedness. The pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist will encounter the COVID-19 patient in a variety of clinical settings (perioperative/operative, intensive care unit, emergency department, and radiology suite) and situations (emergent airway management, urgent or emergent surgical intervention, diagnostic or interventional radiology, and critical care resuscitation). Because of the aerosolization inherent in airway management, the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist should be welleducated in and familiar with strategies to mitigate these high risk periods of viral contamination that are posed to the environment and healthcare personnel during endotracheal intubation and extubation procedures [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315188-a9pvugjt author = Choi, Min Hyuk title = Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4142 sentences = 200 flesch = 44 summary = The following clinical data were collected using electronic medical records: age at diagnosis, sex, signs and symptoms, date of symptom onset, date of hospital admission, date of discharge or transfer, Charlson comorbidity index [16] , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status [17] , Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age (MuLBSTA) score [18] , pneumonia severity index [19] , Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure plus age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65) [20] , respiratory support, and treatment agents administered before and during hospitalization. After PS matching, prior history of drug use, including ibuprofen, ARB, DPP4i, was not statistically different between patients in the progression and improvement/stabilization groups. Before matching, the proportion of patients reporting prior use of these drugs was significantly greater in the progression group; however, after adjusting for 10 confounding variables, including underlying comorbidities, there was no significant difference between patients with and without these medication histories. cache = ./cache/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315287-vut5ayc2 author = Otto, Catherine M title = Heartbeat: Heart disease and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 51 flesch = 43 summary = (table 1) In the accompanying editorial, Cheng and Leedy 2 discuss the likely pathophysiology of myocardial injury in patient with COVID-19 infection including unmasking of underlying cardiovascular disease, coronary plaque rupture and cytokine release syndrome. ' The association between CVD, myocardial injury and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection was explored further in a systematic review and metaanalysis by Li and colleagues 5 that included 10 studies with a total of over 3000 patients with COVID-19 infection. Other articles recently published in print or online first in Heart related to COVID-19 infection include a review article on cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations, 10 a short commentary on the effectiveness of masks based on previous experience with air pollution 11 and a discussion of management of patients with adult congenital heart disease 12 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315181-emf4i6ir author = Ryoo, Nayoung title = Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7135 sentences = 400 flesch = 42 summary = • Home based exercise and planned outdoor activities, avoiding densely populated areas, with caregivers are encouraged • Have more organized daily plans that include enjoyable therapeutic activities • Create a new routine which fits within the context of the current circumstances • Prevent overuse or addiction to TV/video by scheduling and restricting daily use • Counselling for behavioural management of FTD via telephone hotlines is helpful • Providing self-help guidance for reducing stress through electronic media can result in beneficial effects for FTD patients ADL = activities of daily living, PPE = personal protective equipment, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, BPSD = behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, VD = vascular dementia, AD = Alzheimer's disease, FTD = frontotemporal dementia, ICU = intensive care unit, DLB = diffuse Lewy body. cache = ./cache/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315278-iv2zj67t author = Moazzam, Zorays title = Intussusception in an infant as a manifestation of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2166 sentences = 137 flesch = 51 summary = This is the first documented case of survival in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting with intussusception as the primary manifestation. A case series from the UK documented 8 COVID-19 patients presenting with fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea with a working diagnosis of systemic sepsis secondary to suspected appendicitis [6] . According to our literature review, this is only the second such instance of a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting to a healthcare center with intussusception as the primary manifestation, and the first documented case in which the patient survived. This would be the first such reported incidence of intussusception as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with no respiratory symptoms. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first documented instance of survival in a case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive pediatric patient. Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children cache = ./cache/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315176-xafk1flg author = Sang, Hao title = A familial cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by one family member during his asymptomatic incubation period date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1019 sentences = 56 flesch = 51 summary = We report a familial cluster of COVID-19 caused by one family member before his onset of illness, indicating that it seems to be potentially infectious during the incubation period, even earlier than we expected. For the central air conditioner was always running at home, the infection risk of COVID-19 would have increased when Patient 1 gathered with other family members during his incubation period, which indicated that close contact, especially in a small enclosed space, might be the cause of familial transmission. Family members, especially of whom the confirmed cases contacted with since one incubation period before onset rather than 2 days before onset, should be regarded as close contact and centrally isolated in case of asymptomatic infection already existed in the family. Family members, especially of whom the confirmed cases contacted with since one incubation period before onset rather than 2 days before onset, should be regarded as close contact and centrally isolated in case of asymptomatic infection already existed in the family. cache = ./cache/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315308-gk768lwy author = Gaughan, C. title = Religious affiliation and the risk of COVID 19 related mortality; a retrospective analysis of variation in pre and post lockdown risk by religious group in England and Wales. date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3537 sentences = 197 flesch = 52 summary = Results Compared to Christians all religious groups had an elevated risk of death involving COVID-19; the largest age adjusted HRs were for Muslim and Jewish males at 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3-2.7) and 2.1 (1.9-2.5), respectively. Using data from the 2011 Census of England and Wales and linked death registrations, we estimated the age-adjusted risk of dying with COVID 19 for each religious group; we then use socio demographic information, indicators of occupational exposure and geographical measures to adjust for factors related to both the spread of the virus in the general population and the potential increased risk of death following infection as a result of inequality. Compared with the age adjusted results, the estimated hazard ratios for religious groups were reduced when covariates were included in the models, indicating that geographical and socio-demographic factors to some extent mediate the relationship between religion and COVID 19 mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315297-o8mwmjql author = Stephens, Elizabeth H. title = COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2827 sentences = 127 flesch = 39 summary = This document is not meant to be a guideline but is designed to provide guidance for decision-making as we face unparalleled challenges related to congenital cardiac surgery care during this pandemic. Many factors pertaining to an individual case must be weighed, including: 1) resource-utilization, such as anticipated ventilator duration, intensive care unit stay, blood product usage, and other supplies that are or may become limited, 2) clinical status of the patient and risk of delaying surgery, 3) risk of exposure for the patient, family, and healthcare staff, and 4) co-morbidities and complexity of the procedure with implications on the usage of hospital resources, 5) in teaching hospitals, training may have to be curtailed and the most experienced surgeons used liberally, and 6) the safety of the patient's social and clinical situation if surgery is delayed. Institutions may re-deploy members of the congenital cardiac surgery team to other patient-care settings, further depleting resources and also increasing exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315367-e0frkhe6 author = Du, Houwei title = The effect of vascular risk factor burden on the severity of COVID-19 illness, a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3651 sentences = 199 flesch = 48 summary = After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities as potential confounders, vascular risk factor burden remained associated with an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 illness. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with increasing vascular risk factor burden have an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 disease, and this population might benefit from specific COVID-19 prevention (e.g., self-isolation) and early hospital treatment measures. We therefore investigated the association between the number of vascular risk factors and severe COVID-19 disease in this observational retrospective study. Previous studies also showed individual vascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were more frequent in severe COVID-19 patients [3, 14] . Association between vascular risk factor burden and severe COVID-19 illness adjusted for comorbidity, and sensitivity analyses using the E-value approach. Association between vascular risk factor burden and severe COVID-19 illness adjusted for laboratory and chest CT findings, and sensitivity analyses using the Evalue approach. cache = ./cache/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315569-e56c5g8h author = Aminian, Ali title = Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1803 sentences = 101 flesch = 45 summary = There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of bariatric surgical patients during the initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak. Beginning of March 2020, given the huge burden of COVID-19 outbreak on the health care systems, critical shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators, and risk of hospital transmission of infection, nonessential elective surgical procedures, including bariatric surgical procedures, have been postponed in many places around the world. Patients who develop shortness of breath or fever in the early postoperative period of bariatric surgery would require several diagnostic tests to rule out typical surgical complications such as gastrointestinal leak or pulmonary embolism. cache = ./cache/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315343-ywgoqlxj author = Ribeiro, Haroldo V. title = City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5473 sentences = 233 flesch = 58 summary = Our results indicate small towns are proportionally more affected by COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, such that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths per capita initially decrease with population size. However, during the long-term course of the pandemic, this urban advantage vanishes and large cities start to exhibit higher incidence of cases and deaths, such that every 1% rise in population is associated with a 0.14% increase in the number of fatalities per capita after about four months since the first two daily deaths. Investigating whether this behavior generalizes to other places and how different quantities such as the number of cases and deaths scale with city size are thus important elements for a better understanding of the spreading of COVID-19 in urban areas. To test for an increasing urban advantage for the treatment of COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, we investigate the scaling relation between the number of hospital intensive care unit (ICU) beds and city population. cache = ./cache/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315411-11mq8wll author = Rahman, Mohammad Azizur title = Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4116 sentences = 224 flesch = 41 summary = COVID-19 and AD share common links with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9), and APOE4 allele. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that attacks predominantly the human respiratory system and has also central nervous system (CNS) targeting and neuroinvasive capabilities [1, 2] . Among inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), and galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9) had received most attention as the common links between COVID-19 and AD manifestations [18] (Fig. 1 ). Among its three alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4), individuals carrying the ε4 allele are at a heightened risk of developing AD as the ApoE ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype increases fibrinogenesis in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients [41] . cache = ./cache/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315440-he7sm7nj author = Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse title = Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3756 sentences = 232 flesch = 51 summary = Since there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine available yet, it is increasingly important to understand the average incubation period of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to design appropriate preventive and control strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate the pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2. We included peer-reviewed research studies written in the English language on the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. With regard to studies published in peer-reviewed journals or found in grey literature, all observational study designs (i.e. cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort), studies involving humans, and studies reporting the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies with no accessible full text after using all the PRISMA-P search strategies and studies not reporting a specific incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from this systematic review and meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author = Kessler, Remi A. title = Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3982 sentences = 164 flesch = 40 summary = In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. In this paper, we present our institutional neurosurgical oncology patient management approach for the treatment of brain and spine tumors during the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC. The following example cases are solely to provide our guiding principles and experience at this unprecedented time in neurosurgical practice at a large tertiary care academic medical center in NYC, the heart of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States. In this report, we provide examples of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) neurosurgical experience and clinical reasoning for the changes in management of brain and spine tumors. cache = ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315465-u3zq9k5j author = de Jesus, Myrela Conceição Santos title = Family COVID-19 cluster analysis of an infant without respiratory symptoms date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1854 sentences = 107 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we report the case of a child with COVID-19 who attended an outpatient clinic in Aracaju, Northeast-Brazil, with gastrointestinal symptoms and no respiratory problems and the subsequent screening of his close family members. A 45-year-old asymptomatic uncle, who was unable to maintain social isolation due to work commitments had a positive nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal RT-PCR assay result on 15th May 2020, but his IgM and IgG tests performed on the same day yielded negative results. This is a case report comprising a child with a chief complaint of diarrhea and the clinical history of his six contact family members during the 20 days prior to the onset of his symptoms. We also describe the clinical findings, molecular and serological assay results of the family members with whom he had been in contact up to 20 days before symptom onset. cache = ./cache/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315457-w1nx9g91 author = Siedner, Mark J title = Desperate times call for temperate measures: practicing infectious diseases during a novel pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1025 sentences = 63 flesch = 66 summary = authors: Siedner, Mark J; Gandhi, Rajesh T; Kim, Arthur Y Of the thousands of peer-reviewed articles indexed in Pubmed, exactly one has reported the results of a randomized controlled trial; a single-centered study with approximately 200 COVID-19 infected individuals, investigating a drug developed for another virus, and resulting in a null finding. And although we agree with ethical obligations that compel medical researchers to make their data publicly available so it can inform the epidemic response, we also remain acutely aware that there has been a corresponding pandemic of COVID-19 misinformation. In the coming months, there will be results from well-designed and peer-reviewed trials that we hope will reveal therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. In the meantime, we will be asked countless times to help decide which ones are which, often by trusted colleagues in search of a miracle for patients in extremis. cache = ./cache/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315310-j739aqso author = Farhoudian, A. title = A global survey on changes in the supply, price and use of illicit drugs and alcohol, and related complications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6683 sentences = 390 flesch = 49 summary = Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. 16.20155341 doi: medRxiv preprint Here, we report results from the first round of the ISAM global survey on drug and alcohol use, price, supply and complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper provides an analysis of data obtained from the situation assessment section of the survey concerning changes in drug use, supply, price, risky behaviors, as well as related measures namely morbidities, mortalities and overdose rates during the COVID-19 pandemic period in different countries (18). cache = ./cache/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315428-uiezqa4p author = Tessler, Hannah title = The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4635 sentences = 229 flesch = 53 summary = In this essay, we review how the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic that began in the United States in early 2020 has elevated the risks of Asian Americans to hate crimes and Asian American businesses to vandalism. These hate crimes and bias incidents occur in the landscape of American racism in which Asian Americans are seen as the embodiment of China and potential carriers of COVID-19, regardless of their ethnicity or generational status. In New York City alone, from the start of the COVID-19 outbreak through April 2020, the NYPD's hate crime task force has investigated fourteen cases where all the victims were Asian and targeted due to coronavirus discrimination (NYPD, 2020) . While there have been numerous instances of anti-Asian bias and crime, there have not been similarly patterned anti-European tourist incidents or an avoidance of Italian restaurants, suggesting that COVID-19 illuminates the particular racialization of disease that extends beyond this virus, and further back in American history. cache = ./cache/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315556-84rgd2s9 author = Pilotto, A. title = Steroid-responsive severe encephalopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2335 sentences = 176 flesch = 46 summary = SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for targeting central nervous system and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here we described the case of an otherwise healthy 60-year old subject with SARS-CoV-2 infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed severe progressive encephalopathy associated with mild pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia. The patient dramatically improved after high-doses steroid treatment suggesting an inflammatory-mediated brain involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 infection Recently, a study posted in medRxiv4 and still unpublished has reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 in the outbreak in China in up to 36.4% of patients hospitalized, including alteration of consciousness, headache, dizziness and delirium 6 . The here described COVID-19 case is of particular interest, as the patients presented with severe encephalopathy with only mild respiratory alterations. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. cache = ./cache/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315498-gpzee1f2 author = Parkinson, N. title = Systematic review and meta-analysis identifies potential host therapeutic targets in COVID-19. date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4964 sentences = 296 flesch = 46 summary = 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 In this analysis we systematically identify and combine existing data from human betacoronavirus research to generate a comprehensive ranked list of host genes as a resource to inform further work on COVID-19. To identify existing literature which could provide informative datasets for host gene prioritisation, we conducted a systematic review of published studies and preprint manuscripts pertaining to host gene involvement in human betacoronavirus infection and associated disease. Results from identified studies, in the form of lists of implicated host factor genes, were combined using meta-analysis by information content (MAIC), 3 an approach we previously developed to identify host genes necessary for Influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Table 2 Candidate-gene human genetic studies < 5 hosts in virus group or control group in patient studies Meta-analyses, in silico anayses, re-analysis of data published elsewhere Potentially relevant pre-print manuscripts were identified by screening all papers categorised as COVID-19-related in the bioRxiv and medRxiv servers. cache = ./cache/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315358-22srds0e author = Kovacs, George title = Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1874 sentences = 119 flesch = 58 summary = 3 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in respiratory distress with persistent hypoxemia and who are showing signs of fatigue (altered mental status) despite escalation of oxygen therapy (i.e., non-rebreather face mask at 15 L/min) are at significant risk for requiring urgent intubation. 5 Another major reason why airway management in COVID-19 patients is different relates to the details and sequencing related to provider safety. Answer: There is considerable discussion and concern amongst healthcare providers around the availability and access of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for high-risk AGPs such as intubation. 6 While every institution should have access to PPE for providers performing an AGP, it is important to ask the question of whether these recommendations are what is best for a provider in a room (negative pressure or not) preparing to intubate the sickest of COVID-19 patients. • Airway management of COVID-19 patients requires a paradigm shift from a focus primarily on patientoriented outcomes to one that focuses on provider safety. cache = ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315414-aipfn5hi author = Antonio, Silverii Giovanni title = Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1340 sentences = 74 flesch = 51 summary = Background and aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with higher incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, but it is unknown whether DM is a risk factor for the overall COVID-19 incidence. The aim of present study was to investigate whether there is an association of DM with COVID-19 prevalence and case fatality, and between different DM medications and risk for COVID-19 infection and death. Conclusions in Sicily, DM was not a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, whereas it was associated with a higher case fatality. A recent meta-analysis of 83 observational studies enrolling 78,874 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 showed a pooled prevalence of established diabetes of 14.34%; pre-existing diabetes was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness and in-hospital mortality 1 . Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: a meta-analysis of observational studies cache = ./cache/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315462-u2dj79yw author = Hewitt, Judith A. title = ACTIVating Resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic: In vivo Models for Vaccines and Therapeutics date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8953 sentences = 469 flesch = 44 summary = The selection of appropriate animal models of infection, disease manifestation, and efficacy measurements is important for vaccines and therapeutics to be compared under ACTIV's umbrella using Master Protocols with standardized endpoints and assay readouts. Models of SARS-CoV-2 infection include mice (ACE2 transgenic strains, mouse adapted virus, and AAV transduced ACE2 mice), hamsters, rats, ferrets and non-human primates (NHPs). Following infection by the intranasal route, golden Syrian Hamsters demonstrate clinical features, viral kinetics, histopathological changes, and immune responses that closely mimic the mild to moderate disease described in human COVID-19 patients (Chan et al., 2020b; Imai et al., 2020; Sia et al., 2020) . In an initial study of SARS-CoV-2 infection of hACE2-hamsters, clinical signs were observed including elevated body temperatures, slow or reduced mobility, weight loss and mortality (1 out of 4 animals). Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease. cache = ./cache/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315508-8bcpxo02 author = Sperotto, Francesca title = Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4405 sentences = 240 flesch = 42 summary = Patients with SARS-Cov-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome frequently presented with persistent fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, polymorphic rash, conjunctivitis, and mucosal changes. Notably, a subset of patients presents with hypotension and shock from either acute myocardial involvement or systemic hyperinflammation/vasodilation, frequently requiring intensive care admission, circulatory, and respiratory support (Tables 2 and 3 ) [4, 5, 8, 9, 13-20, 22-25, 27] . Possible causes of myocardial injury in adults with COVID-19 include acute myocarditis, hypoxic injury, ischemic injury caused by cardiac microvascular damage or coronary artery disease, right heart strain (acute cor pulmonale), stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome [3, [34] [35] [36] [37] . Due to the scarce knowledge and the small number of reported cases so far, the management of patients with MIS-C has been largely based on expert opinion and extrapolated from KD treatment, adult experience with COVID-19, and other systemic inflammatory disorders in children. Cardiac MRI of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19: case series Eléonore cache = ./cache/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315609-naqo1m0r author = Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title = Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. Ototoxicity after chloroquine use tends to be more sudden, while Assessment of short term chloroquine-induced ototoxicity in malaria patients (14) Subramaniam and Vaswani (14) Prospective observational study 30 (Aged 14-58 years old) 1200 mg loading load then 600 mg oral every 12 hours for 2 days -2 subjects showed a change in hearing thresholds on high frequency audiometry (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) . (28) Case report of a 34-year-old woman 1 400 mg daily -Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after 5 months of hydroxychloroquine use. cache = ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315303-cxu5pt5r author = van Gerwen, Maaike title = Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3517 sentences = 217 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, including 3703 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19, we identified risk factors associated with all‐cause mortality, need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. 17 The present study assesses the risk factors associated with the need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation as well as all-cause mortality of all laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients, diagnosed across a larger New York City health system in the month of March 2020 and outcomes as of May 13th, 2020 with a minimum follow-up time of six weeks. This is one of the initial studies including a population of the first and largest COVID-19 epicenter in the US with adequate follow-up time to report on risk factors associated with hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. In this large, retrospective cohort of COVID-19 positive patients in New York City, the main risk factors associated with hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and death were increasing age and male gender, confirming results of previous studies. cache = ./cache/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315453-mbv8vb2r author = Jean, Shio-Shin title = Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3462 sentences = 169 flesch = 40 summary = EXPERT OPINION: Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Recently, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the phase 3, double-blind ODYSSEY study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326426, initiated on 12 April 2020) to investigate the efficacy and safety of tradipitant at a dosage of 85 mg orally twice daily for the treatment of inflammatory lung injury following critical COVID-19 infection [35] . Apart from remdesivir that was shown to have acceptable clinical efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and acceptable side effects, the potential antiviral drugs that are likely useful in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 included hydroxychloroquine, teicoplanin, and ivermectin. cache = ./cache/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315519-f4vwix3q author = Antony, Suresh J. title = Early Use of Tocilizumab in Respiratory Failure Associated with Acute COVID -19 Pneumonia in Recipients with Solid Organ Transplantation date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2217 sentences = 162 flesch = 50 summary = As of May 14, 2020, the World Health Organization has reported approximately 4.3 million cases of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with approximately 294,046 deaths worldwide.(1) Solid organ transplant recipients who are on chronic immunosuppressants fall within a special population of COVID-19 patients since they are more susceptible to complications secondary to COVID-19. We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a kidney and liver transplant and discuss the early use of tocilizumab to prevent the cytokine storm and attempt to reduce the likelihood of progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). 1 In the United States, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reported 1,364,061 total cases and transplants are included in a special population of patients who may face increased risks of COVID-19 related complications given their use of chronic immunosuppressants. 3 We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with kidney and liver transplant and discuss the use of IL-6 inhibitor to prevent a cytokine storm in this setting. cache = ./cache/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315574-jq1p5t8w author = Copland, Michael title = Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4248 sentences = 243 flesch = 52 summary = KEY FINDINGS: We identified 7 broad areas of home dialysis practice management that may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, (2) home dialysis training, (3) home dialysis management, (4) personal protective equipment, (5) product delivery, (6) minimizing direct health care provider and patient contact, and (7) assisted peritoneal dialysis in the community. We suggest that home dialysis be preferentially offered to all patients who require chronic kidney replacement therapy, as a means of reducing COVID-19 transmission risk to themselves, to other patients, and to health care workers, by reducing contact with clinics and hospitals, compared with in-center HD. We have also suggested surgical mask use when members of the health team must interact with home dialysis patients due to the high risk of COVID-19 complications in this population. cache = ./cache/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315585-bjij8ds7 author = Wee, Liang En title = Respiratory surveillance wards as a strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 through early detection: The experience of a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3960 sentences = 215 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Over a 6-week period during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, our institution introduced a "respiratory surveillance ward" (RSW) to segregate all patients with respiratory symptoms in designated areas, where appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) could be utilized until SARS-CoV-2 testing was done. 15 Here, we report our experience with a novel concept, a respiratory surveillance ward (RSW), which was introduced as a strategy for admission, triage and disposition of patients presenting with respiratory syndromes during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Respiratory surveillance wards (RSWs): Admissions criteria, layout, infection control, and transfer criteria At our institution, high-risk patients that fulfilled suspect case criteria for COVID-19 were admitted to an isolation ward with 37 negative-pressure rooms. During an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with local transmission, an RSW to cohort all inpatients admitted from the community with respiratory symptoms may enhance case detection and reduce the potential of nosocomial transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315624-57kzulqv author = Storopoli, Jose title = Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5801 sentences = 296 flesch = 47 summary = title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic Our results, drawn from 7,554 respondents, indicate that self-confidence in the ability to carry out these behaviors, confidence in the ability of social institutions such as the government, hospitals, health workers and the media to cope with the pandemic crisis, and risk perceptions are associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. For this reason, Brazil is a perfect case for our study, which investigates the role of confidence in social institutions and perceived vulnerability and efficacy in the adoption of recommended protective behaviors. In doing this, we rely on recreancy theory, which argues that confidence in the ability of social institutions and perceived vulnerability to the disease are central factors predicting the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f adoption of protective behaviors (Freudenburg, 2001; Sapp and Downing-Matibag, 2009 ). cache = ./cache/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315587-jelh8o3v author = Dye, C. title = The scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics across Europe date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3994 sentences = 201 flesch = 58 summary = Here we investigate how the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics differ among 26 European countries in which the numbers of reported deaths varied more than 100-fold. Here we investigate how the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics differ among 26 European countries in which the numbers of reported deaths varied more than 100-fold. This empirical analysis highlights the benefits of intervening early to curtail COVID-19 epidemics: the cumulative number of deaths reported in each country by 20 June was 60-200 times the number reported by the date of lockdown. Fig 1 was constructed with a compartmental model of SARS CoV-2 transmission, framed in ordinary differential equations, and representing a homogeneously mixing population divided among susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered or died (SEIR), as follows: (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315576-bgcqkz0p author = Yamamoto, Naoki title = Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6114 sentences = 280 flesch = 51 summary = The comparison of the numbers of cases and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 shows that people in Central Europe are much more affected than people in East Asia where the disease originally occurred. Trying to explain this difference, this communication presents four hypotheses that propose the following reasons for the observed findings: 1) Differences in social behaviors and cultures of people in the two regions; 2) Possible outbreak of virulent viruses in Central Europe due to multiple viral infection, and the involvement of immuno-virological factors associated with it, 3) Possibility of corona resistance gene mutation occurring among East Asians as a result of long-term co-evolution of virus and host, and 4) possible involvement of hygienic factors. For the analysis of the difference regarding the number of infected people and the death tolls due to COVID-19 between Central European and East Asian 5 countries, we have chosen Italy, Spain, France, Germany and UK from Central Europe and China, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan from South East Asia. cache = ./cache/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315486-pjb5v1tc author = Wu, Xiaojun title = Different Laboratory Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1327 sentences = 78 flesch = 51 summary = As expected, COVID-19 patients with health conditions like hypertension or diabetes had a longer length of hospital stay than those without, but this was at the limit of statistical significance (Fig. 1A , P = 0.07). These findings confirmed an increased disease severity in COVID-19 patients with hypertension or diabetes (Liu et al. SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to a fast activation of innate immune cells, especially in COVID-19 patients developing severe disease . These results suggest different mechanisms exist for hypertension or diabetes as risk factors for severe cases of COVID-19. Despite these limitations, we were able to identify different laboratory abnormalities on admission in COVID-19 patients with hypertension or diabetes, which might shed light on future mechanistic studies. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for covid-19 infection? Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in covid-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author = Penman, Sophie L. title = Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12067 sentences = 627 flesch = 42 summary = Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315656-asvf4roo author = Wu, Junjiao title = Revisiting the Immune Balance Theory: A Neurological Insight Into the Epidemic of COVID-19 and Its Alike date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5937 sentences = 286 flesch = 37 summary = However, in the central nervous system (CNS), the activation of resident immune cells including microglia and astrocytes may lead to chronic immune imbalance, which underlies the potential long-term effects in synaptic changes and neuropsychiatric impairments. (II) Multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 is caused by the systemic acute immune responses, the cytokine storm, and unsurprisingly caused the brain inflammation and led to encephalitis. Apart from the direct infection of the brain, SARS-CoV-2 may cause neurological disorders indirectly by triggering an over-activated immune responses, characterized as cytokine storm. Although with exciting benefits, the inhibition of IL-6 pathway works mostly for severe cases, the long-term treatment strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 infection requires the rapid development of effective anti-viral drugs and, more importantly, vaccines. However, in addition to protective effects, microglia may also mediate hippocampal presynaptic membrane damage through complement system, resulting in long-term memory impairment and cognitive decline in patients with encephalitis, caused by coronavirus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (69) . cache = ./cache/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315864-zadogqiu author = Davido, Benjamin title = nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3619 sentences = 188 flesch = 49 summary = Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant decrease of admission in ICU over time probably related to multiple factors, including a better indication of pulmonary CT-scan, of oxygen therapy, and a suitable prescription of anti-infective agents. The following data were collected from patient's medical charts: -Patient characteristics: age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking habits, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) [11] , -Infection characteristics: delay between onset of symptoms and admission, presence of super-infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) at admission, percentage of lung injuries on CT-scan if applicable, positive PCR amplifying the betacoronavirus E gene and the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene on nasopharyngeal swab or sputum, -Treatment characteristics: requiring ICU support with invasive ventilation and associated therapeutic strategies (e.g. oxygen, anti-infective agents), -Endpoint was defined as unfavorable outcome assessed by the requirement of a transfer in ICU for invasive ventilation and/or death within 30 days, -Patients were followed-up until hospital discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author = Wang, Yu title = Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 197 flesch = 53 summary = title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China Conclusion The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. Conclusion The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. Given epidemic growth is dominated by household transmission, 5 6 studying the use of NPIs, such as face masks, social distancing and disinfection in the household setting, may inform community epidemic control and prevent transmission of COVID-19 in households. Transmission was significantly reduced BMJ Global Health by frequent use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households and family members (including the primary case) wearing a mask at home before the primary case developed the illness (table 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315772-jt3vjsqe author = Kivi, Marie title = Up and about: Older adults’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish longitudinal study date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2998 sentences = 210 flesch = 64 summary = METHODS: We analyzed annual changes in four aspects of wellbeing over five years (2015–2020): life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, self-rated health, and loneliness in a subsample (n=1071, aged 60–71) from a larger survey of Swedish older adults. RESULTS: 1) In relation to COVID-19: 44.9% worried about health, 69.5% about societal consequences, 25.1% about financial consequences; 86.4% perceived a high societal risk, 42.3% a high risk of infection, and 71.2% reported high levels of social distancing. Our study uses data from the longitudinal HEalth, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) project to investigate the early psychological effects of COVID-19 in a sample of older adults. Older adults aged 65-71 perceived high societal risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the majority reported having reduced close physical contact with others (social distancing), and were concerned A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t about adverse effects on social structures and the world economy. cache = ./cache/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315827-biur1xn4 author = Zickfeld, Janis H. title = Correlates of Health-Protective Behavior During the Initial Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Norway date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12178 sentences = 591 flesch = 47 summary = In the current study, we explore what demographic and psychological variables predicted the adoption and engagement in health-protective behavior and how attitudes and self-reported behaviors changed over the course of a period of 15 days during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway. Sampling 770 US adolescents from the 20th to the 22nd of March, health-protective behavior including physical distancing and hand washing was positively predicted by perceived severity of the outbreak and social responsibility, as well as negatively predicted by self-interest (Oosterhoff, 2020) . In order to classify important variables predicting engagement in health-protective behavior we employed two different strategies: a highly confirmatory theory-driven strategy based on reviews and previous studies on the COVID-19 outbreak, and a highly exploratory data-driven approach using a supervised machine learning procedure combined with split-half validation. cache = ./cache/cord-315827-biur1xn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315827-biur1xn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author = Wiley, Lindsay F title = Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8183 sentences = 344 flesch = 48 summary = To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments. cache = ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315696-43wmazxa author = Marinaki, Smaragdi title = A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients’ Lives and Allografts date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6015 sentences = 368 flesch = 46 summary = title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients' Lives and Allografts Kidney transplant (KTx) recipients have been recently classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 [2] . All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? cache = ./cache/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315693-w60craan author = del Pilar Estevez-Diz, Maria title = Management of cervical cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenge for developing countries date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2860 sentences = 151 flesch = 41 summary = Cervical cancer is concentrated mainly in low-middle income countries (LMICs), which face particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the scarcity of health resources in many places. Considering this, as well as the global efforts to minimise the overwhelming of health services in general, many cancer centres and oncology societies have been discussing the need for clinic visits and oncologic treatment procedures in different scenarios; however, many malignancies represent a considerable threat to patients' lives and treatment delays may impact oncologic outcomes. Thus, management recommendations should be adapted considering many factors, including the type of cancer, type of oncologic treatment, COVID-19 incidence on the location, and availability of health care facilities. Follow-up visits after curative treatment-in case of asymptomatic patients, clinic visits can be postponed or replaced for telemedicine Moreover, as another strategy to decrease health services burden, surgical staging for locally advanced cervical cancer should be avoided. cache = ./cache/cord-315693-w60craan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315693-w60craan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315634-fkm6slkc author = Jouffroy, Romain title = Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4054 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = In the present study, we report the relationship between COVID-19 patients intubated in the prehospital setting by a Paris Fire Brigade advanced life support team and the Hypoxemia Index (HI), defined as the ratio between initial pulse oximetry and initial respiratory rate. From ALS prehospital medical reports, we retrieved the patients' demographic characteristics (age and gender), medical history (previous hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke, immunosuppression, asthma, and active smoking), initial (i.e., at the first medical contact) prehospital vital sign values (systolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS)), and record of administered prehospital treatments (oxygen modality and catecholamine type and dose). Third, we assessed the relationship between HI and prehospital intubation using logistic regression-including the following potential confounders: age, hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, immunosuppression, asthma, active smoking, systolic blood pressure, and HR-based on previous studies and physiopathological knowledge [6, 9, 11, 19, 20] . cache = ./cache/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315735-0a49okho author = Matrajt, Laura title = Evaluating the effectiveness of social distancing interventions against COVID-19 date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4286 sentences = 214 flesch = 54 summary = Our results suggest that social distancing interventions can avert cases by 20% and hospitalizations and deaths by 90% even with modest compliance within adults as long as the intervention is kept in place, but the epidemic is set to rebound once the intervention is lifted. Our models suggest that social distancing interventions will buy crucial time but need to occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we used a mathematical model to quantify this term by measuring the short-term number of cases, hospitalization, and deaths averted over the first 100 days under four different social distancing interventions and assuming different levels of compliance in the adult population. However, our simulations suggest that even in the more optimistic scenario, where all the age groups reduce their contact rates over 85%, the epidemic is set to rebound once the social distancing interventions are lifted. cache = ./cache/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315756-g6g34uvh author = Danchin, A. title = Immunity after COVID-19: protection or sensitization ? date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4278 sentences = 249 flesch = 62 summary = Then we use a compartmental epidemic model structured by immunity level (taken here as age classes) that we fit on available data; this allows to derive quantitative insights into the future number of severe cases and deaths. Note that in both cases the results depend on the total epidemic infection rate, which is between α t = 5.7% (present) and the group immunity rate 1 − 1/R 0 (i.e., 70% for R 0 = 3.3). Note first that the relatively controlled nature of the 2003 SARS epidemic did not allow us to draw conclusions on how the 2003 epidemic influenced the infected (too few cases); by contrast, if a sensitizing process in the immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 exists, the pandemic nature of the 2019/20 COVID-19 outbreak will likely have noticeable effects on the overall population health state. cache = ./cache/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315849-e16lln3f author = Takayama, Kazuo title = In vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 research date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1167 sentences = 94 flesch = 54 summary = An in vitro cell model for SARS-CoV-2 research is essential for understanding the viral life cycle, for amplifying and isolating the virus for further research and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic molecules. This section lays out the cell lines used to replicate and isolate SARS-CoV-2, as well as organoids that can be used to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on specific human tissues (Table 1A, Figure 1 ). They showed that their organoids were permissive to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and could evaluate anti-viral effects of COVID-19 candidate therapeutic compounds including camostat [17] . who conducted SARS-CoV-2 infection experiments using HeLa cells that expressed ACE2 proteins taken from multiple animal species from mice to humans [11] . The team found that such mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showed weight loss, virus replication in the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia [25] . Human ACE2 transgenic mice After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mice show weight loss, virus replication in the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315961-rnzy0wlr author = Fang, Nancy Z. title = A hospital-based COVID-19 abortion case in the early phase of the pandemic() date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 981 sentences = 78 flesch = 50 summary = In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) occurred in New York State on March 1, 2020; widespread community transmission followed. Throughout this time, our hospital recommended N95 masks and face shields for healthcare workers and negative pressure rooms, if available, during aerosolizing procedures in known or suspected COVID-19 infection. This case report describes our experience caring for an asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient. Further, home-based care or hospitalization would increase COVID-19 exposure. We recommend staff providing surgical abortion or anesthesia universally use PPE advised for COVID-19 positive patients in settings with high rates of community transmission. COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals COVID-19: The Case for Health-Care Worker Screening to Prevent Hospital Transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316006-t080mykk author = Kong, Dechuan title = Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3188 sentences = 175 flesch = 59 summary = Our study describes clusters of COVID-19 cases within tour groups travelling in European countries from January 16 through 28. Tour group transmission may have occurred in the following sceParis-Shanghai, all of the confirmed and suspected cases had seats within two rows ( Figure 3 ). We reported three clusters of COVID-19 confirmed cases in three tour groups travelling in European countries and one cluster of suspected cases on one flight in late January 2020. In group A, the cluster was initiated by a familial transmission, followed by spread of disease to 13 out of 34 members in the 12-day tour. In conclusion, we reported a cluster of 13 COVID-19 cases, which was initiated by within-family transmission followed by propagative transmission into tour groups travelling in European countries. The study findings show that clustered cases in tour groups may be more propagative than simple familial transmission. Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Chinese tour groups cache = ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315952-gh002ldb author = Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh title = Iranian Emotional Experience and Expression During the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 907 sentences = 66 flesch = 50 summary = In the COVID-19 pandemic, people's mental health has been negatively affected due to the increase in morbidity and mortality, besides changes in living conditions and self-quarantine. Almost everyone is experiencing a type of mental health problem, such as anxiety, depression, 3 fear of death, anger, posttraumatic stress disorder, 4 and suicide. In this article, we tried to observe and report the Iranians' emotional processing pattern since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear has been the most important and common emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are numerous discussions and misconceptions about this disease in the cyberspace and social media, triggering maladaptive emotions, such as fear, among people. Due to the common purpose and unity of Iranian people in eradicating COVID-19, they have experienced shame adaptively; only some groups, who have lost their jobs due to the pandemic, feel worthless. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316058-eh4m5jqz author = Long, Li title = Short-term Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Risk Factors for Progression date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1561 sentences = 80 flesch = 53 summary = With a median follow-up time of 24.0 (17.5–30.0) days, progression occurred in 19.6% moderate, 27.8% severe, 66.7% critical COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate short-term outcomes of patients rated as different severities on admission, and to identify risk factors for progression, thereby, help the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. On admission, the median disease duration was 6.0 (4.0-9.0) days, and the proportion of mild, moderate, severe, critical cases was 8 (2.6%), 245 (81.4%), 36 (12.0%), 12 (4.0%), respectively. 48 (19.6%) out of the 245 moderate patients experienced progression during hospitalization, among them, 14 (5.7%) turned moderate, 6 (2.5%) were discharged, while 21 (8.6%) were severe, 2 (0.8%) were critical, 5 (2.0%) died at the endpoint. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.973 (hazard ratio *95% CI+: 2.641 *1.421-4.908], p = 0.002), age ≥ 50 years (2.504 *1.202-5.215], p = 0.014), male gender (2.004 [1.101-3.647], p = 0.023), and with comorbidity (1.969 [1.085-3.571], p = 0.026) were identified as risk factors for progression by multivariate Cox regression analyses. cache = ./cache/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315685-ute3dxwu author = Ehaideb, Salleh N. title = Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5542 sentences = 352 flesch = 48 summary = The systematic search identified 101 studies and 326 preprints, of which 400 articles were excluded because they were reviews, non-original articles, unrelated to the COVID-19 infection, or experimental animals that do not support SARS-CoV-2 replication such as pigs, ducks, and chickens ( Fig. 1 and Additional file 2). The aims were to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (n = 15), testing drugs and vaccines (n = 14), the host Table 1 Search strategy and selection criteria We searched the MEDLINE, as well as BioRxiv and MedRxiv preprint servers for original research describing or using an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID published in English from January 1, 2020, to May 20, 2020. We used the search terms (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND, (animal models), (hamsters), (nonhuman primates), (macaques), (rodent), (mice), (rats), (ferrets), (rabbits), (cats), and (dogs). We used the search terms (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND, (animal models), (hamsters), (nonhuman primates), (macaques), (rodent), (mice), (rats), (ferrets), (rabbits), (cats), and (dogs). cache = ./cache/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315930-1vgb2mk0 author = Andrianopoulos, Ioannis title = Tocilizumab's efficacy in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is determined by the presence of cytokine storm date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 826 sentences = 51 flesch = 44 summary = We read with great interest the research article written by Borku Uysal B et al which is in accordance with the so far accumulating knowledge that tocilizumab is an effective treatment for COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). 8 Our limited experience on tocilizumab suggests that in the setting of acute respiratory failure where the patient has fever, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, raised C-reactive protein (CRP) (above 100 mg/dL), raised interleukin-6 (IL-6) (≥80 pg/mL) and significant hypoxemia (Po 2 : FiO 2 [PFO] ratio <150) tocilizumab is indeed effective in putting breaks on the disease and potentially avoiding further deterioration, leading to intubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and potentially death. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in Brescia Tocilizumab for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients: preliminary results from Smatteo COVID-19 registry (SMACORE). cache = ./cache/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316065-fn64o0id author = Kotian, Rahul P title = Knowledge and understanding among medical imaging professionals in India during the rapid rise of the covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2792 sentences = 153 flesch = 50 summary = An online cross-sectional survey during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak was used to assess the knowledge and understanding among MIPs on COVID-19 in India between March 31, 2020 to April 05, 2020, the second week after the national lockdown. The overall questionnaire had 15 questions (Table 1) : regarding clinical presentations, regarding transmission routes and regarding prevention and control during Medical Imaging procedures of COVID-19. The questions regarding practices followed by the imaging professionals on considering air-exchange rate in imaging rooms, after scanning a suspected COVID-19 patient was unclear with respondents having mixed responses (15.5%) 15 min, (28.4%) 30 min, 1 (28.5%) and 2 (27.6%) hour respectively. Despite these limitations, the present study provides vital information about the knowledge and understanding of medical imaging professionals during the rapid rise period of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315959-glaaaqbt author = Santos Leite Pessoa, Mariana title = Multisystemic Infarctions in COVID-19: Focus on the Spleen date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 916 sentences = 60 flesch = 43 summary = To date, cases of splenic infarction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are rare in the literature. However, arteriolar thrombosis and splenic infarction were observed in one patient in a study that evaluated splenic pathological changes identified on autopsy in 10 cases of COVID-19 [11] . Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with splenic infarction and/or other multisystemic infarctions were selected from a hospital database in Ceará-Brazil, based on computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA) and ultrasound findings Although thrombotic events are one of the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reports and imaging findings of splenic infarction are scarce in the literature. In the current pandemic, clinicians should be aware of thrombotic disease as a complication of COVID-19 and radiologists should monitor patients for thrombosis to facilitate early diagnosis. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315970-m5o962yw author = Di Ciaula, Agostino title = COVID‐19, internists and resilience: the north‐south Italy outbreak. date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 220 flesch = 48 summary = The rates of infected subjects and deaths in Italy (whole country and regional level) per 100,000 residents were calculated considering the official number of residents derived from the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Figure 1 summarizes the daily progression in the cumulative number of COVID-19 positive subjects and in the incidence of deaths related to COVID-19 in southern and northern Italy, since the start of the outbreak. On the national "lockdown" day (March 12), in northern Italy there was a total of 14,335 infected patients and 997 COVID-19 related deaths. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the local Apulian government firstly increased the number of available beds in the units of intensive care, pneumology, and infectious diseases across the Region. In the most affected regions (northern Italy, mainly Lombardy) serious concerns existed about the effective capacity of the national health system to adequately face the burden of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315991-uecdbanf author = Hughes, David title = The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10311 sentences = 750 flesch = 55 summary = National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of 'the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The Australian Governor-General declared a 'human biosecurity emergency period' on 18 March 2020 190 in response to the risks posed by This empowered the Australian Government to make 191 a series of decisions including prohibition of cruise ships, travel bans (domestic and international), 192 limiting gatherings to two persons (with exceptions for people of the same household and other select 193 groups), and closing a range of indoor and outdoor public facilities. The detection of a positive COVID-19 case in a sporting or recreation club or organisation will result in a standard public health response, which could include quarantine of a whole team or large group, and close contacts, for the required period. cache = ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316047-d9cpe9yl author = Gonzalez, T. title = Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8517 sentences = 451 flesch = 60 summary = This study analyzes the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of students in higher education. We present a study that involves more than 450 students enrolled in 3 subjects from different degrees from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) during three academic years, including data obtained in the 2019/2020 academic year, when the restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been in force. In the case of "Design of Water Treatment Facilities", a longitudinal study has been performed in academic year 2017/2018 to analyse the effect of rewards in the students' learning strategies, especially those related to time management. The second stage corresponds to the period of COVID-19 confinement (after March 11), where some measurable activities were performed in a different format and statistical differences can be found by comparing experimental and control groups. cache = ./cache/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315920-9p6ar3cr author = Quigley, Denise D. title = COVID‐19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 914 sentences = 66 flesch = 52 summary = When asked their greatest COVID-19 preparedness concern, administrators cited lack of supplies (43%), staff shortage (34%), and resident health and safety (14%). One administrator lamented, "Not having enough PPE to keep up with a COVID-19 outbreak and sufficient staffing if staff become ill." Another noted, "Not enough available supplies for staff, such as an N-95 masks or respirators or face shields; now we are using cotton-made face masks and…sanitary pads as an additional barrier." Nevertheless, our results do indicate the need for NHs to continue refining their preparedness strategies in response to local virus prevalence, resident population, and local regulations, including state policies on accepting COVID-19 patients discharged from hospitals. Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Nursing Homes Infection prevention and control programs in US nursing homes: results of a national survey Covid-19 preparedness in Michigan nursing homes cache = ./cache/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316029-z708c3ex author = Brunsdon, Priya title = Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4964 sentences = 264 flesch = 36 summary = This review will offer key clinical pharmacology considerations for developing small molecules for the treatment of COVID-19 based on the major disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME). Of major concern is sepsis, defined as "life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection." 12 In 1 study, septic shock, which is distinguished by persistent hypotension, elevated serum lactate levels, and increased mortality, was a complication in about 6% of severely ill COVID-19 patients. For water-soluble investigational therapies that are intended for administration in the severely ill COVID-19 population, thought should be given to targeting serum drug concentrations and the drug's exposure-response profile when determining if increased doses would be beneficial for patients receiving intravenous fluids. 21 The clinical impact of these potential changes in free drug fractions on investigational therapies that are highly proteinbound is an important consideration when empirically selecting doses for critically ill COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315886-f4ofmdcm author = Karim, A. title = Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6182 sentences = 311 flesch = 52 summary = title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods However, the number of KD questions having significantly different correct response rates dropped to six when the phone survey data was adjusted to the socio-demographic characteristics of the online non-medical participant group. It is noticeable from our study that the total knowledge score did not differ significantly between the adjusted phone survey dataset and online non-medical dataset for the elderly (≥55 years), poor, and rural people. Furthermore, in our combined dataset of phone (unadjusted) and online non-medical participants, we found that higher total knowledge score was positively associated with having negative attitude towards the final control of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315598-qwh72inx author = Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title = ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 69640 sentences = 6489 flesch = 54 summary = De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). cache = ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316095-jzyb4jn5 author = Falahchai, Mehran title = Dental care management during the COVID‐19 outbreak date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5601 sentences = 369 flesch = 50 summary = Sixteen English papers were enrolled to answer questions about procedures that are allowed to perform during the COVID‐19 outbreak, patients who are in priority to receive dental care services, the conditions and necessities for patient admission, waiting room and operatory room, and personal protective equipment (PPE) that is necessary for dental clinicians and the office staff. Considering the generation of high amounts of droplets and aerosols during routine dental procedures, the conventional protective measures that are routinely followed by dental clinicians are no longer efficient for prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Urgent dental treatments include management of conditions that require immediate attention such as alleviation of severe pain with/without the risk of infection and balancing the patient load in the hospital emergency departments. According to the data acquired from the screening questionnaires, patients who need emergency/urgent dental treatment can be divided into three groups of apparently healthy, suspected, and confirmed cases. cache = ./cache/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316135-kevyw19w author = Nikoupour, Hamed title = Pediatric liver transplantation and COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1661 sentences = 102 flesch = 52 summary = To the best of the authors knowledge, to this date very little data exists on COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: For pediatric patients with organ transplantations, extreme caution should be taken, to limit and prevent their contact with COVID-19 during the outbreak, as these patients are highly susceptible to severe forms of the disease. LT recipients are among the most vulnerable groups with increased risk of infection but to this date there has been no report of COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. Although more cases need to be studied, extreme caution should be taken for pediatric patients with organ transplantations, in here liver transplantation, to limit and prevent their contact with COVID-19 during the outbreak, as these patients are highly susceptible to severe forms of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316137-6zdxfv8v author = Wang, Yuanyuan title = Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4547 sentences = 235 flesch = 54 summary = title: Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching The following data were extracted: sex; age; ethnicity; height; weight; exposure history; chronic medical histories (chronic pulmonary disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic nephritic disease, diabetes, malignancy, and so on); duration from onset to hospital admission; presence and severity of symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, fatigue, and so on); vital signs (RR, pulse/heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation); laboratory examinations (complete blood count, blood chemical analysis, measures of electrolytes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, liver and renal function test, lactate dehydrogenase, and so on); chest computed tomography findings; complications (coexisted infection and chronic disease progression); and supporting treatment (oxygen therapy, ventilation, antiviral and antibacterial agents, corticosteroids, and so on). cache = ./cache/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316118-ph582weg author = Frajkova, Zofia title = Postintubation Dysphagia During COVID-19 Outbreak-Contemporary Review date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5100 sentences = 319 flesch = 38 summary = Severe disease progression is often associated with the development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and may require some form of respiratory support, including endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Postintubation dysphagia in critically ill patients is related to the duration of mechanical ventilation [18, [20] [21] [22] , negatively affects the return to oral intake, and is associated with prolonged hospitalization [23] . [33] the duration of endotracheal intubation is independently associated with aspiration and the duration of intubation positively correlates with the degree of dysphagia, which may help in identifying patients requiring swallow examination [33] . If the patient has a known history of neurological disease, head and neck surgery, or prolonged mechanical ventilation, screening may be avoided and a detailed examination of swallowing by the speech and language therapist should be considered. Associations between prolonged intubation and developing post-extubation dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in non-neurologic critically Ill patients cache = ./cache/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316117-o29773cz author = Menzella, Francesco title = Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4459 sentences = 265 flesch = 45 summary = At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization (WHO) to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. The search strategy was based on the following keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, antivirals, corticosteroids, biologics, and anticoagulants. Current antiviral treatments are mainly based on previous experiences (favipiravir) or on experimental drugs (remdesivir) used for the treatment of viral infections due to different viruses, such as influenza virus (InfV), Ebolavirus (EBOV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MERS, and SARS. 38 On the contrary, in a study with a small cohort of patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, no strong antiviral activity or clinical efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was found. cache = ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316100-15zj660u author = Issitt, R. title = Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in children at a specialist centre: outcome and implications of underlying high-risk comorbidities in a paediatric population date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4235 sentences = 271 flesch = 47 summary = Given the documented reduced overall severity reported in children with COVID-19, we examined a cohort of paediatric patients presenting to a specialist children's hospital with suspected COVID-19 to document their clinical behaviour and outcomes with particular regard to presence of underlying medical conditions leading to "vulnerability". In the present study for example, for the majority of underlying conditions there was no difference between the groups, although children undergoing chemotherapy for paediatric malignancy were over-represented in the CoVPos group, suggesting these specific patients are at increased risk of Sars-Cov-2 infection. These data report on a highly preselected group of high risk paediatric patients attending a specialist children's hospital with features suggestive of COVID-19, and demonstrate that around one third of such cases represent confirmed acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Patient demographic data, proportion in vulnerable groups and mortality of 168 CoVPos and CoVNeg patients presenting to a specialist children's hospital with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316080-y6ypbdtu author = Fajnzylber, J. M. title = SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1701 sentences = 124 flesch = 53 summary = We quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load from participants with a diverse range of COVID-19 severity, including those requiring hospitalization, outpatients with mild disease, and individuals with resolved infection. Amongst the participants hospitalized with COVID-19, higher prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein and IL-6. Amongst hospitalized individuals, the majority still 92 had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the time of initial sample collection, including 50% with variable, individuals with detectable plasma, nasopharyngeal or sputum viral loads had 124 significantly lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and higher CRP and IL-6 levels compared to 125 those without detectable plasma viremia (Fig 2b-d) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20131789 doi: medRxiv preprint DISCUSSION 151 We report a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract, plasma, and urine viral 152 loads of 235 participants who were either hospitalized with COVID-19, evaluated as 153 symptomatic outpatients, or had recovered from COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316209-juvmabdq author = Rutayisire, Erigene title = What works and what does not work in response to COVID-19 prevention and control in Africa date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2335 sentences = 112 flesch = 54 summary = The lower number of COVID-19 cases in most African countries is attributed to inadequate health systems, low-to-absent testing capacity, poor reporting system and insufficient number of medical staff. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared COVID-19 a pandemic, pointing to the over 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illnesses in over 110 countries and territories around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread. Africa Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), World Health Organization and other international agencies are providing support and guidance to many African countries in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Despite reported low case-fatality of COVID-19, the pandemic is likely to cause more deaths in Africa if the compliance to COVID-19 prevention and control measures continues to be ignored as observed in some African countries. cache = ./cache/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316345-a1cirnya author = Comas, Carmina title = COVID‐19 and pregnancy: An opportunity to correct an historic gender bias date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1447 sentences = 74 flesch = 40 summary = Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID‐19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population. Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID-19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population. This pandemic is an opportunity to begin redressing this historic gender bias against pregnant women, and to achieve this, we recommend two actions that are easy to implement, and would have a large impact. Indeed, despite significant variation in protocols between hospitals, most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population, namely performing one of the available molecular tests, such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. cache = ./cache/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316197-r2ctm5sl author = Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title = An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice- -Part 1 date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 497 sentences = 31 flesch = 53 summary = title: An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-Part 1 I congratulate the authors on a very comprehensive systematic review on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice. Also, there are some intraoperative risks that should be decreased by placing a surgical mask on the patient, using single-use instruments, and operating suspected patient with COVID-19 at the end of the daily list. Post operatively, patient should be recovered in OR, should be given a single dose of 5-HT3 antagonist, surgical specimen should be labelled as suspected COVID-19 (3). Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice -Part 1 (Review Article). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical services: early experiences at a nominated COVID-19 centre cache = ./cache/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316067-mlcczr8c author = Ng, Jia H. title = Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4304 sentences = 265 flesch = 51 summary = For patients without ESKD, the independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for covariates in Model 1 included increased age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, cancer, requiring mechanical ventilation, requiring vasoactive medications, high blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low albumin, high C-reactive protein (CRP) and high log transformed serum ferritin. After adjusting for variables in model 2, the independent risk factors J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f for in-hospital death among patients without ESKD were increased age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer, requiring mechanical ventilation and requiring vasoactive medications ( Table 3) . Among patients with ESKD, independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjustment in model 1 were increased age, requiring mechanical ventilation and lymphopenia, elevated BUN and high log transformed serum ferritin. cache = ./cache/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316260-1t3ifsfi author = Nogueira-de-Almeida, Carlos Alberto title = COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A clinical review()() date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7974 sentences = 450 flesch = 43 summary = In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity may increase the need for ventilatory assistance, risk of thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, and perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory response. 3--6 The present review aims to identify the factors that contribute to the increase in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences, to collaborate for better clinical care of these patients. The three main risk factors that link obesity to COVID-19 demonstrated for adults 52 are also present among children and adolescents: chronic subclinical inflammation, impaired immune response, and underlying cardiorespiratory diseases. In conclusion, obesity in childhood and adolescence can be considered a risk factor for greater susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and is associated with nutritional, cardiac, respiratory, renal, and immunological alterations, which may potentiate the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author = Morgan, Marcus title = Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25744 sentences = 1020 flesch = 52 summary = The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. On 28th February, the first death of a British national occurred on the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship, and the Sunday Times reported that around the same time Dominic Cummings (Johnson's Chief Advisor, and former director of the successful Vote Leave campaign) had 'outlined the government's strategy' for the UK's national response to the virus 'at a private engagement', quoting those present as claiming that it was 'herd immunity, protect the economy, and if that means some pensioners die, too bad' (Shipman and Wheeler 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316126-j51dik7f author = Zhang, X. Sophie title = SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12434 sentences = 576 flesch = 42 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2's mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. This review attempts to summarize current cumulative data on SARS-CoV-2's modes of transmission and identify gaps in research while offering preliminary answers to the question on everyone's mind: is the airborne route significant and should we modify our COVID-19 PPE recommendations for frontline workers in low-risk settings? Given that substantial disagreement persists on the importance of natural aerosol generation by COVID-19 patients, and consequently, the necessary level of respiratory protection in non-AGP contexts, our review will focus on transmission and PPE in low-risk health care settings. cache = ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316402-6u1czbfe author = Knowles, Kelly A. title = Anxiety and Safety Behavior Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Prospective Role of Contamination Fear date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4276 sentences = 223 flesch = 47 summary = Accordingly, the present study prospectively examines contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms as predictors of anxiety and safety behaviors in response to COVID-19 in a student sample (N = 108). Although baseline contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms did not significantly predict coronavirus-related anxiety, contamination fear did significantly predict safety behavior usage in response to both COVID-19 and influenza. The present study examines the extent to which contamination fear and obsessivecompulsive washing symptoms prospectively predict COVID-19 and influenza-related anxiety and safety behaviors in a sample of undergraduates, who were surveyed at the beginning of the semester in January 2020 and again in late February through March 2020. For the prospective analyses examining contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms as predictors of coronavirus and flu anxiety and safety behaviors, partial Pearson correlations controlling for the date on which the survey was taken were conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316422-wmkv5hd3 author = Eisenberg, Matthew D. title = Financial Risk for COVID-19-like Respiratory Hospitalizations in Consumer-Directed Health Plans date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1705 sentences = 117 flesch = 44 summary = INTRODUCTION: : This study aims to quantify out-of-pocket spending associated with respiratory hospitalizations for conditions similar to those caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to compare out-of-pocket spending differences among those enrolled in consumer-directed health plans and in traditional, low-deductible plans. It compared unadjusted out-of-pocket spending among consumer-directed health plan enrollees to traditional plan enrollees using difference of mean significance tests and repeated the analysis separately by age category and by calendar year quarter. 2 Many individuals aged <65 years are enrolled in consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs), 3 and an analysis of early COVID-19 hospitalizations found that 55% occurred among this age group. 5 Given the high cost of respiratory-related hospitalizations, 7, 8 COVID-19 may come with a significant financial burden among enrollees in CDHPs relative to those in traditional, low-deductible health plans. Average out-of-pocket (OOP) spending comparing consumer-directed health plan (CDHP) and traditional plan enrollees with a respiratory-related hospitalization, by age group and quarter of year. cache = ./cache/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316370-t802kjpk author = Szperka, Christina L. title = Migraine Care in the Era of COVID‐19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4039 sentences = 251 flesch = 49 summary = We will review the use of telehealth for patient communication, and review acute and preventive treatment strategies, with attention to concerns specific to COVID-19. 43 Preventive Therapies.-While the injection of on-abotulinumtoxinA is an effective treatment for chronic migraine, 44 the procedure can put the patient and the provider at higher risk of COVID-19 given the close contact encounter. During the current pandemic we, headache specialists, make a plea to insurers to lift cumbersome restrictions to allow patients greater availability of evidence-based treatment options to reduce the burden of their disease. Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab for the prevention of episodic migraine: Results of the EVOLVE-2 Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316186-254z62e4 author = Kario, Kazuomi title = COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3315 sentences = 197 flesch = 43 summary = 1 Early clinical experience suggested that older age and the presence of a number of comorbidities, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory disease increased the risk of death in patients with 3 In addition, the renin-angiotensin aldosterone (RAS) system (specifically the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2] protein) has been identified as playing an important role in facilitating entry of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, into target cells, especially in the lungs. Despite the theoretical possibility that use of RAS inhibitors increases the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 illness, analyses including patients from the current pandemic indicate that this does not seem to be the case ( Table 2 ). Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316395-o9nblj5i author = Pizzini, Alex title = Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3437 sentences = 172 flesch = 40 summary = PTH concentrations were increased in patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, while VITD levels were not significantly different between disease severity groups. The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern leading to a substantial need for patient hospitalization, treatment at intensive care units (ICUs), and invasive ventilation [1] [2] [3] . This prospective, multicentre, observational study includes patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, based on typical clinical presentation and a positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. The herein-presented analysis of the CovILD study cohort shows that 25(OH)D deficiency is common among COVID-19 patients, whereas a causal implication of VitD metabolism on its disease course remains uncertain. First, the CovILD trial was designed as an observational study to detect the rate of persistent lung injury after a severe course of COVID-19, therefore the here presented results must be interpreted carefully in the context of VITD deficiency, especially because predominantly patients with severe disease course were included. cache = ./cache/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316327-0hpthrjo author = Brar, Branden title = A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4497 sentences = 249 flesch = 44 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. CMS also increased access to Medicare telehealth services for its beneficiaries under the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. This rapid turn of events led to some urgent modifications to clinical care including surgery, by US health care providers in all specialties, to accommodate the critical shortages of hospital resources as the pandemic was evolving. This evoked the need to survey OMFS training programs and to start a discussion regarding some of the changes in emergency triage, urgent surgical procedures, and use of PPE to protect health care personnel. [16] The aim of this survey was to assess the impact of COVID -19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) training programs in the different regions of USA during the early phase of this pandemic between March 6 th to May 6 th 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316440-xt9tl7td author = Severo, Eliana Andrea title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6348 sentences = 316 flesch = 43 summary = title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility, in the perception of Baby Boomers, X and Y generations, residents in Brazil and Portugal. The results confirm the H4a and H4c hypotheses, so the multigroup analysis reveals that there is a difference in Chi-square and SE values, showing that in Portugal the COV EA and COV SR relations are higher compared to Brazil, highlighting them It is noted that the influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Responsibility is considered a high intensity among residents in Portugal. cache = ./cache/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316325-uqrlza4k author = Jardim, L. title = The effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 and its relationship with social distancing date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2933 sentences = 154 flesch = 45 summary = Here we investigated the relationship between average number of transmissions though time, the reproductive number Rt, and social distancing index as reported by mobile phone data service inloco, for Goias State, Brazil, between March and June 2020. The broad-scale real time monitoring of mobility derived from mobile phones has been reported to significantly correlate with decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases and increased social distance in the population 6 . Although more sophisticated methods are available to account for such delays and eventually sub notifications 16 , here we simply truncated the end of the distribution of cases as our goal is not to have a real-time estimate of Rt, but rather to correlate the shifts in the time series with the isolation indicator and to evaluate the impact more rigid or flexible social distancing measures in place in the State throughout the study period, as well as the observed decreasing levels of isolation from middle April on. cache = ./cache/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316157-7nci4q1q author = Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title = Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6116 sentences = 305 flesch = 56 summary = This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Existing studies have focused on hospital preparation, availability of resources, and the safety of patients (Barbisch & Koenig, 2006; Karabacak, Ozturk, & Bahcecik, 2011; Ruchlewska et al., 2014; Tzeng & Yin, 2008) , the education of hospital staff (Powers, 2007) , emergency room nurses' description and management during a crisis (Vasli and Dehghan-Nayeri, 2016) , and the psychological impact of disease outbreaks on hospital workers (Sun et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2009; Yin & Zeng, 2020) . The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of acute care nurses working on the frontline during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Descriptive phenomenology was chosen as the design for the current study because it explored and described the participants' everyday experiences as they lived them while working with limited PPE on the frontline of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316501-fl2wvhia author = Noh, Ji Yun title = Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 444 sentences = 37 flesch = 57 summary = title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, anosmia (smell loss) and ageusia (taste 8 loss) among patients with mild COVID-19 in a residential treatment center (RTC). We also 9 compared the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding between groups with different clinical 10 manifestations. An observational cohort study was conducted for 199 patients with COVID-19 in a RTC at Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during 82 the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-83 23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A 84 prospective contact-tracing study cache = ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316450-iw35sorz author = Gunjawate, Dhanshree R. title = Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3076 sentences = 194 flesch = 54 summary = title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey The present study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practices of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists in India using a cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practices survey. As members of health care, these professionals are expected to extend their services to patients and caregivers/bystanders exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19. Thus, it becomes relevant to know the impact of this outbreak and its associated symptoms on patient care and service delivery among Audiologists and Speech Language Pathologists. The present study was conducted with an aim to study the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practices of Audiologists and Speech Language The questionnaire comprising of 23 items; demographic details, knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, and practices related to infection control. cache = ./cache/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author = Talaie, Haleh title = Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5089 sentences = 261 flesch = 38 summary = METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. Zhong et al., provided a systematic review and meta-analysis including the therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) mainly besides COVID-19 and assessed their safety and efficacy profiles [31] . All types of studies i.e. randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and the case series that investigated clinical outcomes and/or viral clearance among adult patients were included to conduct this study. In agreement with previous researches, our meta-analysis results showed that the administration of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) significantly decreased the mortality rate and ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19 [113, 114] . Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316354-pix0hmpj author = Kennedy, Nicholas A title = Organisational changes and challenges for inflammatory bowel disease services in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5234 sentences = 264 flesch = 49 summary = ► Essential services for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients including outpatient care, advice lines, endoscopy and infusion units may be affected. The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). cache = ./cache/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316579-p6pz14eo author = Seheult, Jansen N. title = Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1127 sentences = 59 flesch = 35 summary = Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Q1 Q3 Jansen N Seheult, Anupamaa Seshadri, Matthew D Neal Pittsburgh, PA The coagulopathy associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has emerged as a key driver of morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with severe disease. The markedly elevated D-dimer concentrations described in cases of severe COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of plasmin-mediated hyperfibrinolysis, which appears to be inconsistent with the finding of fibrinolysis shutdown on TEG. 10 In the setting of fibrinolysis shutdown observed in viscoelastic tests in patients with severe COVID-19, the source of the (often markedly) elevated D-dimer levels remains unclear. 13 Future research should profile the changes in activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis, including tPA, PAI-1, and plasmin-antiplasmin complex levels over time, to further characterize the dynamic process of fibrinolysis in COVID-19, and should also study the role of neutrophil and monocyte activation in promoting thrombosis and altering fibrinolysis in patients with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316543-1tb2tkis author = Urooj, Uzma title = Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2610 sentences = 177 flesch = 59 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions, expectations and fears of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic and identify the areas which need to be addressed. 16 Our health care workers expected seniors and peers to be more empathetic, cooperative, not to panic, show team work, role modelling and support. Another cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Impact on Mental Health and Perceptions of Psychological Care among Medical and Nursing Staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316484-2s8w7r4v author = Arias-Reyes, C. title = Decreased incidence, virus transmission capacity, and severity of COVID-19 at altitude on the American continent date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5356 sentences = 324 flesch = 54 summary = However, being aware that the course of the pandemic changes from day to day and that more detailed statistical analyzes are required, in this new study, we analyzed the epidemiological data from 23 countries in the American continent as of the 23 rd of May. Our results show that the incidence of COVID-19, the virus transmission rate, and the severity of COVID-19 decrease significantly starting at 1,000 masl. The evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission rate was performed only for Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, as these countries applied similar strong early quarantines and provided daily epidemiological data at state/province/departamento level. To investigate whether the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 differs between highlands (>1,000 masl) and lowlands (<1,000 masl), we used SEIR epidemiological models only in countries that applied similar strong early quarantines and provided daily epidemiological data at state/province/departamento level: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. cache = ./cache/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316376-76beuk0c author = Medeiros, Augusto Kreling title = Higher frequency of hepatic steatosis at CT among COVID-19-positive patients date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4128 sentences = 169 flesch = 43 summary = With the crescent role of chest CT in the management of COVID-19 (as imaging manifestations are extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis, in some cases even preceding a false-negative RT-PCR test result) [10] , it is quite feasible to assess the liver parenchyma in the slices obtained at the thoracoabdominal junction in these patients, and radiologists are at a key position, therefore, to evaluate the organ for the presence of steatosis according to noninvasive diagnostic criteria. However, as there is evidence that an early false-negative RT-PCR may occur in infected patients already showing CT manifestations of the disease (i.e., a positive CT) [10] , to assure the criteria of negativity of the control group, we additionally checked all chest CT images of these individuals; those displaying CT findings within typical, atypical or indeterminate categories (according to the proposed reporting language for CT findings related to COVID-19 by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) [11] ) were excluded, remaining only those who were considered ''negative''. cache = ./cache/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316632-rr9f88oi author = Kimura, Yurika title = Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3098 sentences = 188 flesch = 52 summary = On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including "terminology", "clinical swallowing assessment and examination", "swallowing therapy", "oral care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", "tracheotomy care", and "nursing care". The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. 48 This statement is arranged into separate sections provid-49 ing information and advice considering the COVID-19 out-50 break, including "clinical swallowing assessment and ex-51 amination", "dysphagia rehabilitation", "oral care", "nursing 52 care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", and "tracheotomy 53 care". cache = ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316572-7ei96rrn author = Touska, P title = The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3267 sentences = 172 flesch = 40 summary = title: The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience METHOD: Diagnostic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated for a series of patients undergoing transoral fine needle aspiration cytology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 22, 23, 27 Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with possible or suspected head and neck cancer at our institution would typically need to attend the hospital for clinical assessment, imaging, diagnostic biopsy of the primary lesion and panendoscopy (under general anaesthesia), before definitive treatment could be decided upon. cache = ./cache/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316363-7eh9k442 author = Adams, Scott J title = Telerobotic ultrasound to provide obstetrical ultrasound services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5016 sentences = 220 flesch = 33 summary = [1] [2] [3] Challenges in accessing healthcare services, including diagnostic imaging services, have been exacerbated during the pandemic, particularly in rural and remote communities where limited availability of health-care services forces patients to travel to larger centres for the care they need, increasing the risk of severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. In this paper, we describe our experience using a telerobotic ultrasound system -a robotic system which allows a sonographer to perform a diagnostic ultrasound exam remotely 9 -to perform obstetrical ultrasound exams during a COVID-19 outbreak declared in La Loche, a northern village with a population of 2372 people in Saskatchewan, Canada. Our experience provides a model for how telerobotic ultrasound may improve access to diagnostic ultrasound imaging, increase patient safety and reduce health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316666-qif1k62t author = Ghati, Nirmal title = Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4394 sentences = 261 flesch = 45 summary = title: Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial Patients with a critical illness (WHO clinical improvement ordinal score > 5), documented significant liver disease/dysfunction (aspartate transaminase [AST] / alanine aminotransferase [ALT] > 240), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] > 5x normal), allergy or intolerance to statins or aspirin, prior statin or aspirin use within 30 days, history of active gastrointestinal bleeding in past three months, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100000/ dl), pregnancy, active breastfeeding, or inability to take oral or nasogastric medications will be excluded. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In this study, the benefit and safety of atorvastatin (statin) and/or aspirin as adjuvant therapy will be compared with the control group receiving usual care for management of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316485-t6xfjqkb author = Cohn-Schwartz, Ella title = Societal views of older adults as vulnerable and a burden to society during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from an Israeli nationally representative sample date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 174 flesch = 62 summary = OBJECTIVES: To examine the factors associated with older adults' perceptions of ageism in society during the COVID-19 outbreak, in particular the portrayal of older people as a burden and as vulnerable METHODS: Data are based on a nationally-representative survey of adults aged 50+ in Israel, conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak (N=888). The independent variables were dying anxiety, experiences of age-based discriminations and social resources RESULTS: Participants who believed older adults were perceived as a burden during the COVID-19 outbreak had higher dying anxiety and reported more age-based discrimination. Participants who believed older adults were perceived as vulnerable had higher dying anxiety and were less likely to live with children DISCUSSION: The daily lives of older adults can impact their perceptions of societal ageism during the COVID-19 outbreak Individuals who thought that older adults are perceived as a burden were also older, had worse health, reported higher dying anxiety, experienced age-based discrimination in healthcare, were less likely to live with children and had less contact with their family and friends. cache = ./cache/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316588-8els3rzj author = Habib, Mhd Baraa title = Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1483 sentences = 90 flesch = 51 summary = Several infectious causes of SIADH have been reported; however, hyponatremia associated with SIADH and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was only recently mentioned in a few case reports. We discuss a unique presentation of COVID-19, in which the patient presented with acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia thought to be the initial and isolated presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by euvolemic hyponatremia, low plasma osmolality, high urinary osmolality, elevated natriuresis, hypouricemia, and lack of evidence of other hyponatremic diseases. The most common symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection are fever, congested nose, and cough; and may also cause severe pneumonia [4] . A case series of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) published recently described patients who presented with respiratory symptoms, were diagnosed with COVID-19, and found to have SIADH [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316654-tihbi0ak author = Tosti, G. title = Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 708 sentences = 53 flesch = 59 summary = The French Society of Dermatology has reported interesting clinical findings in 113 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak: 84/113 patients presented chilblain-like lesions, and 17 of these had a personal history of chilblains or Raynaud syndrome. 4 We have also observed some cutaneous manifestations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy during the past 5 weeks, and we report four patients who presented with lesions of the feet. A 16-year-old white girl, with a personal history of alopecia areata universalis, reported moderate Clinical and Experimental Dermatology pharyngodynia 2 weeks before the onset of erythematous plaques of both heels (Fig. 1b) , which were moderately painful. The patients did not have a personal history of chilblains or Raynaud syndrome, and were not taking any medications before the appearance of skin signs, except for the 48-year-old man, who had been taking oral paracetamol. cache = ./cache/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316702-dj2fo8sn author = Vignesh, Ramachandran title = Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining? date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3250 sentences = 169 flesch = 45 summary = Since many studies from different geographical locations are documenting preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2, it will be important to define specificities of these T and B cell immune response carefully to assess their association with COVID-19 disease severity. This preexisting cross-reactive T and B cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may have wide implications as this could explain differential clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, disease severity, vaccine development, and important in accessing herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection/COVID-19 disease. Several studies have provided strong evidence for the importance of SARS-CoV-2 specific CTLs, and T helper cells in mild and moderate patients compared to severe COVID-19 disease (27, 28, (31) (32) (33) . Several studies have provided strong evidence for the importance of SARS-CoV-2specific neutralizing antibodies in association with less disease severity in COVID-19 patients (38, 39) . A recent modelling study has estimated that about one in five individuals worldwide would be at increased risk of severe COVID-19, upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, owing to the underlying conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316631-um0olqet author = Park, Kyung Chan title = Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 963 sentences = 61 flesch = 53 summary = title: Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these findings, 1,2 including pulmonary microvascular thrombosis, dysregulated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and dysfunctional gas transport by red blood cells (RBCs). 10 In a recent letter to this Journal, Hb oxygen affinity was shown to be unaltered in a cohort of 14 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. When expressed in terms of the fraction of cells that release >95% of stored oxygen in a given time (equivalent to capillary transit), there was no effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on RBC O 2 handling (Fig 2) . The cause of hypoxaemia in COVID-19 patients is therefore unlikely to relate to impaired O 2 handling by RBCs, either as a result of direct coronavirus infection or a consequence of the inflammatory state. Haemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients with severe COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author = Murphy, D. L. title = Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3697 sentences = 203 flesch = 51 summary = We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Ideally, EMS strategies would incorporate COVID-19 risk assessment and target use of the limited PPE resource in order to achieve EMS provider safety, extend the supply of PPE, and support high-quality patient care. Of the 700 unique EMS providers caring for patients with confirmed COVID-19, 3 (0.4%) tested positive during the 14 days following an encounter (Table 3 ), yet none of these three had a documented occupational exposure. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria, and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (Figure 2, p<0.01) . cache = ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316647-jj8anf5g author = Shang, You title = Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13583 sentences = 668 flesch = 39 summary = RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Statement 8 Convalescent plasma therapy should probably be used for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Grade 2+, weak recommendation). However, critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a longer mechanical ventilation time, and daily sedatives interruption is not suggested for patients receiving deep sedation in order to reduce lung damage during early stage of severe ARDS. Light sedation is suggested for severe COVID-19 patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and also for critically ill patients in the recovering stage (expert opinion). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316616-j82q99in author = Su, Yen-Bo title = Cardiovascular manifestation and treatment in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4445 sentences = 243 flesch = 36 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with first presentation of atypical pneumonia, has spread rapidly from Wuhan, China, on December 12, 2019 to over 200 countries, caused 2 310 572 infected individuals and 158 691 mortalities, updated on April 19, 2020. 33, 41 In a small singlearm study of patients with confirmed COVID-19, treatment with hydroxychloroquine was associated with a significant difference in clearing of viral nasopharyngeal carriage of SARS-CoV2 within 3 to 6 days when compared with untreated controls. ACE2 levels are increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which yield the concerns that using these medications might increase the severity of COVID-19, especially in patients with existing cardiovascular diseases. Patients with comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes tend to have higher risk for having severe COVID-19 which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients With coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316712-1ngcwdln author = Laxminarayan, Ramanan title = India’s Battle against COVID-19: Progress and Challenges date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2592 sentences = 149 flesch = 56 summary = The first reported case of infection with the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in India was reported on January 30, 2020 in an Indian student evacuated from Wuhan, and the first death was reported on March 12, 2020. Model-based estimates 8 produced in March 2020 had indicated that a national lockdown could reduce the number of infections at the peak of the pandemic-expected in early May-by 70-80%, depending on the degree of public compliance with physical distancing. Mortality rates (based on reported cases and deaths) appear to be low in India, as they are in most countries in the region, perhaps indicative of both limited testing and other unexplained factors. 12 At the current time, India has conducted approximately 18,000 tests per million population, a rate that is a third that of South Africa, about 60% that of Nepal, and among the lowest of any large country. cache = ./cache/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316617-8cqxz3wi author = Ward, Michael P. title = SARS‐CoV‐2, where to now? date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1239 sentences = 69 flesch = 45 summary = (2020) present the results of a SARS-CoV-2 serological survey in 35 animal species in China, including the dog of a COVID-19 patient and an additional two in-contact dogs. Tests available for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 are comprehensively described in this issue of Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (Li & Ren, 2020) . In addition to the publication of new knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 in this issue of Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, new ideas are also presented. A key enabler of such a shift in our thinking and approach to disease emergence and spread is a One Health workforce capable of undertaking integrated monitoring, surveillance, risk assessment and response activities. The COVID-19 pandemic could be a catalyst for such a seismic shift in how we approach emerging infectious diseases and One Health. We can be sure, even when the current COVID-19 pandemic is resolved, that the need for surveillance, response and prevention of transboundary and emerging diseases will remain. cache = ./cache/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316764-ps89rxuy author = Liu, Zheng title = At the center of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery in China date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1774 sentences = 92 flesch = 45 summary = In addition, the added pressure of work and increased risk of being infected can affect the mental health of the HCWs. Indeed, a survey of 5,062 HCWs in all clinical departments showed that 29.8%, 13.5% and 24.1% reported stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms, respectively 5 .These data suggest that adequate mental health interventions are necessary for medical professionals over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. For aerosol-generating medical procedures in the COVID-19 positive patient, such as tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, and tracheostomy, the otolaryngologist not only needs PAPR 11 , but also needs effective multidisciplinary collaborations with other specialists 12 . During urgent endoscopic sinonasal and skull base surgery in the COVID-19 positive patient, due to frequent suction, irrigation, and drilling which potentially aerosolize infectious vapor, we recommend that medical personnel in the operation room wear PAPR. cache = ./cache/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316522-fbw9x3ik author = Reiss, Allison B. title = A Telemedicine Approach to Covid-19 Assessment and Triage date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3793 sentences = 248 flesch = 51 summary = (1) Temperature Check Temperature checked at time of arrival for all patients and approved visitors: If 100.0 • F or greater, patient/visitor is not permitted to enter the clinic and will be instructed to return home (unless in obvious distress) and provided information to schedule a virtual visit. (1) Temperature Check Temperature checked at time of arrival for all patients and approved visitors: If 100.0 • F or greater, patient/visitor is not permitted to enter the clinic and will be instructed to return home (unless in obvious distress) and provided information to schedule a virtual visit. Assessing clinical stability-it is important to identify patients who need an immediate onsite evaluation at a designated screening center or a hospital emergency department. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316690-s8jtv4an author = Xiong, Huan title = The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3310 sentences = 230 flesch = 50 summary = title: The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey We performed a cross-sectional survey to investigate the psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak between 16th and 25th February 2020. 8 A multinational, multicentre study showed that out of 906 health care workers who participated in the survey during COVID-19 pandemic suffered from expansive range of physical symptoms, 5.3% was moderate to very-severe depression, and 8.7% was moderate to extremely-severe anxiety. 23, 24 This study was to examine the psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses still working in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak, and explore the relationships among demographic variables, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. This survey was to investigate psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses in public hospital, still caring for patients during COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, our results show that nurses in non government designated hospital have great prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316805-6rshrecb author = Hossain, M. A. title = Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4386 sentences = 268 flesch = 54 summary = Objectives: To determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of Fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. The study objectives were to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and underlying fear towards COVID 19 in the Bangladeshi population and how they are affected by socio-demographics factors. This study is similar to one study in China that found a significant relationships between knowledge and age and knowledge and educational level, with males reporting higher levels of knowledge than females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions and health advisory practices (Zhong et al., 2020) . However, in our study, subjects living in Bangladesh reported similar knowledge for both males and females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions and advisory health practices. cache = ./cache/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316845-k9zvsfvj author = Robertson, Mary M. title = Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3763 sentences = 212 flesch = 53 summary = These include the coronaviruses, which have caused multiple major public health events that resulted in global pandemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS; or "bat SARS"), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (Kandeel et al., 2020). GTS, as a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, offers many angles of attack for the current COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences (social distancing, home schooling, confinement/quarantine, and living in a general climate of fear). The authors discuss similarities of COVID-19 and tics in GTS and outline specific problems that may result from the pandemic for this group of patients. I like this small paper and find it interesting to read, since it alerts us that the current pandemic may be much more challenging for patients with GTS compared to healthy people. Also in Table 1 : "Viral infection -Coronavirus 19" please change in "SARS-CoV-2".The authors describe the different symptoms associated with COVID-19 including neurological complications. cache = ./cache/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316691-8d1mmbac author = Owens, Andrew P. title = Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8969 sentences = 368 flesch = 36 summary = This has increased the need for remote memory clinics, we therefore review the literature, current practices and guidelines on organizing such remote memory clinics, focusing on assessment of cognition, function and other relevant measurements, proposing a novel pathway based on three levels of complexity: simple telephone or video-based interviews and testing using available tests (Level 1), digitized and validated methods based on standard pen-and-paper tests and scales (Level 2), and finally fully digitized cognitive batteries and remote measurement technologies (RMTs, Level 3). We build these findings around a discussion of our experience of deploying remote assessments and internet-based cognitive testing in clinical practice, collection of health data and RMT assessment of function in elderly people with pre-dementia and dementia in two large ongoing multicentre studies, RADAR-AD and PROTECT and remote assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view of providing guidance into how remote memory clinics may be realized. cache = ./cache/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316743-q6gbxghx author = Madhu, S. V. title = Post COVID-19 diabetes care—lessons and challenges date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1690 sentences = 76 flesch = 42 summary = Some of the issues and challenges that have emerged include the reported high incidence [1, 2] of COVID-19 infections among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the greater severity, and higher rates of progression resulting in a higher number of ICU admissions [3] and higher mortality reported in them [1, 2] . As physicians involved in diabetes care, we need to advise our patients accordingly besides telling them to follow with greater intensity all the general measures to prevent exposure to COVID-19 infection. DPP4 inhibitors are another class of antidiabetic agents which are believed to have a potential to reduce the incidence and severity of complications associated with COVID-19 infections particularly in diabetic patients. Statins and ACE inhibitors are 2 groups of drugs very commonly prescribed to diabetic patients, and it is necessary to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the benefit or risk associated with their continued use. cache = ./cache/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316906-0x3j41ae author = Woznitza, N. title = COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1025 sentences = 68 flesch = 46 summary = 5 The British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) have developed a clinical decision support tool to aid clinicians, radiographers and radiologists when managing patients where COVID-19 is within the differential diagnosis e the chest radiograph (CXR) forms the bedrock of this tool. 8 As radiographers are almost invariably the first practitioner to see the diagnostic image, it follows that radiographer PCE and triage for an immediate clinical report plays a vital role in identifying possible COVID-19 patients. Rapid radiographer PCE and triage will facilitate prompt reporting of the investigation, aid patient diagnosis and management decisions in a timely way. Mobile chest radiograph (Fig. 1) demonstrates classical findings associated with COVID-19 of bilateral, predominantly peripheral lower zone ground glass and interstitial opacification. b. Repeat chest radiograph day 5 with bilateral ground glass opacification in the lower zones (Classic/ Probable COVID-19) . c. Repeat chest radiograph day 7 with diffuse bilateral ground glass opacification (Classic/Probable COVID). cache = ./cache/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316842-mnt12ot2 author = Medline, MPH title = Evaluating the Efficacy of Stay-At-Home Orders: Does Timing Matter? date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2754 sentences = 165 flesch = 58 summary = RESULTS: For US states and countries, a larger number of days between the first reported case and stay-at-home mandates was associated with a longer time to reach the peak daily case and death counts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential beneficial effect of earlier stay-at-home mandates, by shortening the time to peak case and death counts for US states and countries. Specific terms used in our online searches included 'date of stay-at-home orders 2020,' 'non-pharmaceutical interventions COVID-19,' and 'stay-at-home mandates.' We conducted a search for each respective country and US state analyzed in the study. For both our country and US state-level-data, a larger number of days between the first reported case and the stay-at-home mandate was associated with a longer time to reach both the peak of daily cases and deaths for each respective region (Tables 1a and 1b is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316728-vyfkmniu author = Benyounes, Nadia title = Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 209 flesch = 46 summary = title: Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change Patients' characteristics (clinical, biological, and imaging) and treatment change induced by echocardiography were collected and analyzed. On echocardiography, higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and documented cardiac thrombi were associated with treatment changes in these patients. e objective of this study was to collect clinical, biological, and echocardiographic data of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to various departments of our institution and who underwent echocardiography, to find out the reasons of TTE/TEE examinations in these patients and to assess the impact of TTE/TEE on their management. TTE and TEE were performed on confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution, by dedicated teams of one cardiologist and one nurse every time. e very first echocardiographies prospectively performed in our hospital on confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patients are reported in this article. cache = ./cache/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316928-ivwz7jxi author = Anzola, Gian Paolo title = Neither ACEIs nor ARBs are associated with respiratory distress or mortality in COVID-19 results of a prospective study on a hospital-based cohort date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3462 sentences = 156 flesch = 50 summary = Considerable concern has emerged for the potential harm in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients, given that ACEIs and ARBs may increase the expression of ACE2 receptors that represent the way for coronavirus 2 to entry into the cell and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. Partly to help solving this issue, we undertook a prospective study aimed at assessing the clinical characteristics, with particular emphasis on the type of antihypertensive medication, of all consecutive patients presenting at the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital in Gavardo, in the neighborhood of Brescia in Lombardia (Italy), and found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we studied prospectively a cohort of consecutive Emergency Department patients found to have COVID-19 and were able to assess the relationship between ACEI and ARB use and the severity of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316705-3wzurnfp author = Lalmuanawma, Samuel title = Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2939 sentences = 142 flesch = 40 summary = A new novel model, that forecast and predicting 1-3 to 6 days ahead of total Covid-19 patient of 10 Brazilian states, using stacking-ensemble with support vector regression algorithm on the cumulative positive Covid-19 cases of Brazilian data was proposed, thus augmenting the short-term forecasting process to alert the healthcare expert and the government to tackle the pandemic [38] . A Canadian based forecasting model using time-series was developed employing Deep learning algorithm for the long-short-term-memory network, the studies found out a key factor intended for predicting the course with an ending point estimation of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Canada and all over the globe [40] . Since the outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2, scientists and medical industries around the globe ubiquitously urged to fight against the pandemic, searching alternative method of rapid screening and prediction process, contact tracing, forecasting, and development of vaccine or drugs with the more accurate and reliable operation. cache = ./cache/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316837-xwc9d5sy author = Morgan, Catrin title = Should I use steroid injections to treat shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 646 sentences = 39 flesch = 50 summary = On March 11 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus for COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. The aim of this article is to critically appraise the evidence that form the rationale behind these guidelines and to review the alternative treatment options for the management of shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the 23 causative virus for COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency 29 . The first line of treatment for shoulder pain is usually non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 51 (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. Nevertheless, there is currently no evidence that the acute 55 use of NSAIDs causes an increased risk of developing COVID-19 or developing a more 56 severe COVID-19 disease 28 . Acute use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in people 274 with or at risk of COVID-19 (RPS2001) The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 313 in patients with cache = ./cache/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316938-64jxtg9y author = Blasi, Annabel title = In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3076 sentences = 163 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 patients are characterized by normal in vitro thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation and decreased fibrinolytic potential despite the presence of heparin in the sample. Markers of NETs were modestly elevated in patients compared to controls, and did not differ between patients that were or were not admitted to ICU, which may argue against a key role of NETs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated sequelae as was suggested previously. Plasma CLT was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, but similar between patients on ICU and ward. TAT and PAP complex levels are strongly elevated in patients with COVID-19, indicating ongoing thrombin and plasmin generation in COVID-19 patients despite anticoagulation with LMWH. Taken together, our data confirm a hypercoagulable status of enhanced thrombin generating capacity, enhanced ex vivo clot formation likely related to hyperfibrinogenemia, and a decreased ex vivo fibrinolytic capacity in patients with COVID-19. Decreased plasma levels of activated factor VII in patients with deep vein thrombosis cache = ./cache/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316692-r04cqr8e author = Seo, Yoshihiro title = Review of the efforts of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the initial outbreak in Japan date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2713 sentences = 120 flesch = 43 summary = We summarized the six parts as follows: (1) the initial actions for COVID-19 of JSE, (2) JSE's actions for infection control-associated echocardiographic examinations, (3) statements from the American Society of Echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic and their Japanese translation by JSE, (4) making videos for explaining the practice of echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic, (5) attempts with the JSE members' opinions by the communication platform and surveys, and (6) efforts of final statement during the initial spread of COVID-19. Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317062-nn0u82dp author = Jenkins, Aaron title = Nested ecology and emergence in pandemics date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 738 sentences = 41 flesch = 36 summary = The global extent of COVID-19 and our ability to respond to and prevent future pandemics will benefit from a complex systems perspective. Vulnerable populations and places-eg, with elevated levels of poverty, high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, or degraded natural systems-are at high risk of having poor health outcomes and being epicentres for the emergence of pathogens with pandemic potential. A myriad of human and ecosystem health co-benefits could be realised by approaching pandemic preparedness and public health using nested systems approaches that recognise how subsystems ranging from genes, to individual behaviours, and the environment (inclusive of health care and surveillance systems) work together to regulate health. The COVID-19 pandemic might change policy on preparedness for future zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks-eg, enforcing constraints on the wildlife trade, being more circumspect about the interactions between domestic animals and wildlife, and regulating wildlife markets more carefully. COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface cache = ./cache/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author = Rubin, Geoffrey A. title = Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2803 sentences = 116 flesch = 38 summary = In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7-day per week laboratory operation, single attending-only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow-up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. Unless urgent/emergent, we have avoided performing procedures on COVID-19 infected patients in the EP laboratory to prevent transmission not only during transport to the laboratory, but also to prevent seeding the lab itself in the case of a prolonged operation. cache = ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317002-jcjenti0 author = Francesco, Garaci title = Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 663 sentences = 49 flesch = 44 summary = We report the description of a patient with COVID-19 who developed thrombosis of the superior vena cava, pulmonary artery and deep intracerebral venous thrombosis . This case demonstrates that extending imaging from the chest to the brain district can be useful in identifying possible associated complications in COVID-19 patients. DIC is a severe complication in COVID-19 patients and it has been related to poor prognosis and increased mortality (71.4% of patient who die of COVID-19) (2) . In the present case the DIC seems to be a late complication of COVID-19 infection, probably related prolonged inflammatory response with imbalance of immunochemical mediators with presumable endothelial damage and systemic vasculitis considering the second negative nasopharyngeal swab specimen in our patient. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Although arterial ischemic strokes may be associated in COVID-19 patients this case demonstrates that venous cerebral thrombosis should be rule out in patients with neurological symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316878-zemaygnt author = Johnson, Stephanie B. title = Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2634 sentences = 132 flesch = 46 summary = This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. Global coordinated efforts in response to COVID-19 led by international organizations such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have attempted to integrate notions of global "solidarity" into practice and policy. It will help countries expand their health-care capacity and mitigate its social impact." Similarly, the WHO publication Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response sets out that [u] nder international human rights law, the obligations undertaken by State parties beyond their borders, i.e. to International Assistance and Cooperation are akin to their domestic obligations, not subsidiary or secondary in any way. cache = ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316987-3nhqx2qn author = London, Viktoriya title = Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1819 sentences = 112 flesch = 51 summary = In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Two aspects of outpatient care needed to be considered: (1) how to change practice to minimize viral exposure of healthy patients and providers, and (2) how to utilize outpatient resources to off-load some of the inpatient burden of taking care of COVID-19 patients. To address the first point, a system should be implemented to screen all patients by phone for COVID-19-related symptoms and exposure prior to their presentation to perinatal units or outpatient offices. ► COVID-19 ► labor and delivery ► novel coronavirus ► psychosocial challenges ► universal testing Each institution should assign a designated COVID-19 provider. Patients who screen positive should immediately be given a mask, have their cell phone number recorded, and be escorted to a designated, isolated COVID-19 triage room. cache = ./cache/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317126-j3o9cfkv author = Wang, Jigang title = Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1237 sentences = 69 flesch = 54 summary = The emergence of Ebola in malaria-endemic countries, including Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, led to a public health emergency and dealt a heavy blow to malaria control efforts. 1 These features of COVID-19 and the previous experiences of the Ebola outbreak point to the need for malaria-endemic countries to consider preventive measures against not only the COVID-19 threat but also its likely impact on existing malaria control efforts. WHO is monitoring the fast-evolving situation of the COVID-19 epidemic and needs to advise the countries in the malaria-endemic regions on how to establish and effectively execute public health policies. Additional and pre-emptive measures must be taken for malaria control in these countries, anticipating the potential challenge that would be faced by the public health system during an outbreak of COVID-19. Preparedness is the key to navigating any public health crisis, and malariaendemic countries must be prepared for the challenges that COVID-19 might bring while minimising disruption to malaria control. cache = ./cache/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316925-l56cos15 author = Carriedo, Dr. Alejandro title = COVID-19, Psychological Well-being and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults during the Nationwide Lockdown in Spain date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4547 sentences = 277 flesch = 51 summary = This study is aimed to examine the psychological well-being of older adults during the home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate whether meeting the World Health Organization's global recommendations on physical activity (PA) for health is associated with their resilience, affect, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Results showed that older adults who regularly engaged in vigorous (VPA) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the quarantine reported higher scores in resilience (Locus, Self-efficacy, and Optimism), positive affect, and lower in depressive symptoms. The main goal of this study was to assess the psychological well-being of older adults during the home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore whether meeting the WHO's 18 global recommendations on PA for health was associated with their resilience, affect, and depressive symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316923-b81uaooh author = Luks, Andrew M. title = Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1531 sentences = 75 flesch = 46 summary = For example, in COVID-19 lung disease, a hypoxemic condition that progresses over several days in which many patients do not appear to be in distress, what is more injurious: accepting a lower oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry or initiating invasive mechanical ventilation? With great respect for the authors' well-meaning concern to avoid patient harm, let me be clear about mine: I am concerned that the alveolar filling/collapse, low-compliance pulmonary disease being seen in the intensive care unit is predominantly due to ventilator-induced lung injury rather than to the natural evolution of COVID-19 disease. Finally, the author states, without supporting evidence, that patients with COVID-19 have "normal or near-normal pulmonary compliance." To date, only three published reports have documented static compliance in COVID-19, and in two of them (2, 3) the average static compliance was low (,35 ml/cm H 2 O) and consistent with that seen in prior studies of ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316943-ef3i96bo author = Sciberras, Justine title = The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4865 sentences = 268 flesch = 47 summary = Whilst people with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19, enforcing lockdown regulations set by the Public Health department to reduce risk of infection brought about its own challenges to T2DM management. The pathophysiology and the underlying risk factors have long been established, yet the incidence of diabetes is still on a progressive incline [7] The 2019 coronavirus SARS-COV2 pandemic has further increased the burden on the diabetes population, those at risk of dyglcyaemic changes as well as the healthcare services [8] . Additionally, reports from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention stated that patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome might be 10 times more likely to die due to COVID-19 [20] . Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317092-5qba9jiq author = Singh, Tulika title = Lessons from COVID-19 in children: Key hypotheses to guide preventative and therapeutic strategies date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4971 sentences = 355 flesch = 49 summary = The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reveals a peculiar trend of milder disease and lower case fatality in children compared to adults. Understanding differences in children's immunity, host cellular factors required for virus replication, and physiology can provide insights into the correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs. In this review, we summarize current pediatric-specific knowledge on clinical disease, transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, and novel therapies and vaccines in trial. 38 For example, a regulator of lung morphogenesis that is lower in childhood, nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells (NF-b), plays a pathologic role in inflammatory diseases and should be evaluated as a protective host factor in pediatric versus adult SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this review, we evaluated recent reports on the pathology and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered several hypotheses for how these features may differ in children versus adults, and how they may differentially modulate disease in these populations. cache = ./cache/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316944-xt09q1z5 author = Preis, Heidi title = Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic-Related Stress Among U.S. Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2070 sentences = 92 flesch = 41 summary = Between April 25 and May 15, 2020, 4,451 pregnant women in the U.S. were recruited via social media to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 situational factors, as well as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). The study questionnaire included sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, race/ethnicity), medical factors (e.g., parity, chronic illness), COVID-19 situational factors (e.g., COVID-19 related income loss, being diagnosed with COVID-19), and the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy We used binary logistic regression to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds for high levels of Preparedness Stress and Perinatal Infection Stress. In the adjusted model, high Preparedness Stress was independently predicted by nine factors: previous abuse, primiparity, unplanned pregnancy, self-reported high-risk pregnancy J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f status, multiple pregnancy, chronic illness, COVID-19 related income loss, perceiving that one had been infected, and experiencing alterations of prenatal care (AORs = 1.19-1.78). cache = ./cache/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author = Zhang, Wen-rui title = Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2832 sentences = 148 flesch = 48 summary = Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic had high prevalence rates of severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our report found potential risk factors for medical health workers to develop insomnia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Independent factors (i.e., currently having organic disease, living in rural areas, being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients in hospitals, or being female) were common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical health workers. cache = ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317058-anvmj4li author = Liu, Xinkui title = Analysis of clinical features and early warning signs in patients with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3364 sentences = 177 flesch = 53 summary = Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that patients aged ≥63 years (odds ratio = 41.0; 95% CI: 2.8, 592.4), with an absolute lymphocyte value of ≤1.02×10(9)/L (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% CI = 1.5, 25.2) and a C-reactive protein level of ≥65.08mg/L (odds ratio = 8.9; 95% CI = 1.0, 74.2) were at a higher risk of severe illness. Our study indicates that age, the absolute lymphocyte count at initial visit, and CRP may be used as predictors during the early stage of diagnosis in patients who are at risk of developing severe COVID-19. Although this study has some limitations, including a small sample size, few variables included in the multivariate analysis, a retrospective cohort design, and limited data collected from medical records, the results of our study indicate that older age, a decreased lymphocyte count on admission, and an increased concentration of serum CRP could serve as early warning signs in patients who are at risk of developing severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author = Kandhari, Rajat title = The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 202 flesch = 57 summary = It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. While certain guidelines and expert consensus have recently been published [2] [3] [4] providing an overview of "safe" working protocols, it appears that we are evolving every day in our practices with respect to "what works" and "what does not." Our article aims to bridge the gap between guidelines and in-clinic experiences to provide a set of best practices to follow for aesthetic procedures after reopening our practices. In contrast, the occurrence of airborne transmission is due to smaller particles, which maybe suspended in the air for long periods and can infect people distant from the source (eg, AGP's)PPE consists of protective apparel and/or equipment designed for providing protection against infectious agents to HCW's and their patients. Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317151-cxx5pcln author = Papa, Alfredo title = Covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5030 sentences = 254 flesch = 44 summary = 14 Since the beginning of the pandemic, the World Health Organization has provided general recommendations for the prevention of They include: to wash hands frequently and properly with soap or alcohol-based sanitizer, to maintain social distancing (at least 1 m of distance), to avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, to cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to seek medical care early when fever, cough or difficulty in breathing are recorded, to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular the facial mask when social distancing is not possible to maintain or in closed places, to stay informed and follow any advice provided by own healthcare providers. This may require further changes in the planning of healthcare activities, both by using different prioritization criteria for outpatient visits, diagnostic tests and surgical interventions and by continuing to use treatment strategies that have worked well during the pandemic such as telemedicine, psychological support to patients and the educational function of patient associations (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317349-c8nrd4h9 author = OLAPEGBA, Peter O title = A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2024 sentences = 131 flesch = 55 summary = This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. Regular hand washing and social distancing were selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups as preventive measures against COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.11.20061408 doi: medRxiv preprint 1 2 3 What are the major sources of information about COVID-19 among Nigerians? Notwithstanding the above limitations, this study provides a baseline of information on 6 knowledge and perceptions about the ravaging COVID-19 from respondents across 180 7 municipalities in Nigeria. There is 10 need for further research to build the evidence base for the study of COVID-19 knowledge and 11 precautionary measures. Due to the concern of everyone about COVID-19, the present study, in possibly, is the first 14 survey to assess the knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among Nigerians. cache = ./cache/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317265-n6x0r58i author = Singh, Varsha title = Can Vitamins, as Epigenetic Modifiers, Enhance Immunity in COVID-19 Patients with Non-communicable Disease? date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3931 sentences = 206 flesch = 36 summary = The purpose of this review is to provide evidence to consider vitamins as epigenetic modifiers to enhance immunity and reduce inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with non-communicable diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical evidence has suggested the risk of getting infected is high among individuals with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and renal disease, as well as the elderly with high mortality rate among the cohort. SUMMARY: Based on current published scientific and medical evidence, the suggestions made in this article for combination of vitamin therapy as epigenetic modifiers to control the unregulated inflammatory and cytokine marker expressions, further needs to be clinically proven. The clinical link between active inflammatory pathways in ARDS and the vitamin deficiency clearly indicates why COVID-19 causes high mortality in patients with chronic lung diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317357-l2y2onmn author = Talarico, Valentina title = Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria Region date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 735 sentences = 46 flesch = 52 summary = The defined criteria used for suspecting a 2019-nCoV case are: the presence of an epidemiological history (travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset or having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 patient) and an acute respiratory illness (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath). In suspected cases, a nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay is requested to confirm COV-ID-19 infection. In conclusions, the most important finding to come from the present preliminary report is the confirmed evidence that children and adolescents are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but frequently do not have notable disease, raising the possibility that they could be facilitators of viral transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317016-codk0by1 author = Trivizakis, Eleftherios title = Advancing COVID-19 differentiation with a robust preprocessing and integration of multi-institutional open-repository computer tomography datasets for deep learning analysis date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3269 sentences = 167 flesch = 45 summary = Tsiknakis et al (17) proposed an Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on transfer learning for predicting COVID-19 against viral and bacterial pneumonia and normal cases based on more than 400 X-ray images, achieving an area under curve (AUC) of 100%. Some key innovations of this study can be summarized in the integration of multi-institutional and open-access data from a variety of scanners and imaging protocols retrieved from online repositories in formats such as DICOM or Portable network Graphics (png), the development of a deep learning lung segmentation model for multiple CT window settings and finally a deep learning model for differentiating COVID-19 from CAP. This study introduces a state-of-the-art deep learning model for lung segmentation on slices with a variety of CT window settings (DSC 99.6%) and an image analysis deep model trained with multi-institutional data for differentiating COVID-19 from CAP (AUC 96.1%). cache = ./cache/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317080-kn56oov6 author = Quadri, Sayed. A. title = COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 289 sentences = 31 flesch = 59 summary = title: COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens Gathering of large number of people in close approximation could be a fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. COVID 19 is spread through droplet and basic reproduction rate, a 23 measure of transmissibility of the virus, ranges from 2.24 to 3.58 (Zhao et al., 2020) . Public 24 gatherings will evidently increase transmission and therefore social distancing was touted as the 25 foremost preventive strategy.  Suspension of communal gatherings must be promptly done as a preventive strategy 196 whenever novel pathogens emerge, in order to contain its spread.  An international regime of containment measures with regards to suspension of religious 198 congregations during infectious disease outbreaks must be devised. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel 185 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the 186 early phase of the outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317167-hzcl1hw3 author = Rodgers, Rachel F. title = The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2758 sentences = 115 flesch = 39 summary = The current COVID‐19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Media use, including social media, is associated with increased risk for disordered eating in particular through exposure to thin idealand diet culture-related content as well as food advertising (Boswell & Kober, 2016; Levine & Murnen, 2009; Rodgers & Melioli, 2016) . In addition to these specific fears created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has substantially increased general levels of stress and emotional distress (Brooks et al., 2020) , which are key risks for disordered eating (Puccio, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Ong, & Krug, 2016) , including in the context of traumatic societal events (Harada et al., 2015; Rodgers et al., 2012) . cache = ./cache/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317196-3bub3fy0 author = Sammons, Morgan T. title = Psychological Practice and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Rapid Response Survey date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3512 sentences = 167 flesch = 42 summary = One of those articles was a survey of 596 practicing psychologists about the nature and extent of psychologists' involvement in telepsychology (VandenBos & Williams, 2000) , reporting that only 2% had ever used internet or satellite technology to deliver health care. We wanted to learn more about psychologists' prior telepsychology experiences, the current use of telepsychology since the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, and the nature of the psychological services currently being provided. We asked about psychologists' prior telepsychology experiences, the use of telepsychology since the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, and the nature of the psychological services currently being provided. In contrast, psychologists licensed for 15 years or fewer were more likely to report primary employment in an agency, clinic, or organized health care setting. Respondents mostly provided services to established patients and did not perform initial intakes via telepsychology at this point (just a couple of weeks into the COVID-19 crisis). cache = ./cache/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317429-pp6hb4q5 author = Aslam, Saima title = COVID-19: Yet another coronavirus challenge in transplantation date = 2020-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1405 sentences = 78 flesch = 47 summary = A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome −coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome with its disease designated as COVID-19, emerged from its epicenter in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and is now a global pandemic. 7 report on the presentation and outcome of 2 microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 cases in heart transplantation detected in the Hubei Province in China. These 2 patients apparently were part of a community of at least 200 heart transplant survivors in that region and presented with variable severity of disease (one mild and another with more severe manifestations requiring a prolonged hospitalization); however, both survived the event. It is important to note that the clinical presentations were not distinct from those described in non-immunosuppressed individuals, and the patient with severe disease presented with a viral prodrome, displayed the typical findings on CT scan imaging, and progressed to clinical hypoxia. In summary, the novel coronavirus and its disease, COVID-19, require thoughtful approaches for the prevention, mitigation, timely detection, and appropriate therapeutic intervention for our vulnerable patients. cache = ./cache/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317085-qc8bfb9g author = Zhang, Nan title = Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Diabetes Patients With COVID-19: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study in Early Outbreak in China date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4754 sentences = 241 flesch = 53 summary = In addition to general clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the severe events diabetes patients showed higher counts of white blood cells and neutrophil, lower lymphocytes (40, 76.9%), high levels of hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as compared to the non-severe diabetes patients. In addition to general clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the severe events diabetes patients showed higher counts of white blood cells and neutrophil, lower lymphocytes (40, 76.9%), high levels of hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as compared to the non-severe diabetes patients. In the present study, the clinical characteristics of 52 diabetic patients with COVID-19 from a designated hospital in Wuhan, China are described, and the risk factors associated with severe clinical events which were defined as the patients' admission to ICU, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death are investigated. cache = ./cache/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317242-e7000i2u author = Gandhi, Darshan title = Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2931 sentences = 138 flesch = 47 summary = Since imaging not only helps assess the disease at the time of diagnosis but also aids evaluation of response to management, it is critical to examine the role of different modalities currently in use, such as baseline X-rays and computed tomography scans carefully. On one hand, Ai et al [3] studied 1014 patients in Wuhan, China and concluded that the high sensitivity of chest computed tomography (CT) imaging in detecting COVID-19 infection might make it a suitable tool for screening purposes. Chest radiography is not advisable for first line use for detection of COVID-19 infection due to a reduced ability to demonstrate ground-glass opacities, an early finding in this disease (Figure 1) [1] . Ng et al [10] studied non-contrast chest CT images of 21 COVID-19 patients and reported the most commonly observed finding to be peripheral ground-glass opacification. cache = ./cache/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317238-uszhwugw author = Parodi, Aurora title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria. Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role? date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 868 sentences = 62 flesch = 57 summary = According to the data of Italian Superior Institute of Health, in Bergamo, one of the cities of Lombardia mostly affect, the black people with moderate to severe COVID-19 are about 1,6% of COVID-19 patients [1] . However it is known that in African-Americans the severity of COVID-19 is high so, we think that the theory of immune genetic factors does not completely explain the answer. In addition children who, usually have antibodies to different viruses or bacteria are known to be protected towards COVID-19 [8] . Also coronavirus 19 presents different glycoproteins (GPs):membrane GPs, spike GPs and GPs that have acetyl esterase and hemagglutination properties .These GPs could be recognized by the antibodies produced in malaria and could protect by virus infection or induced a milder disease [9] . The natural anti histo-blood group antibodies may play a favorable role in antiviral immunity since the viruses may carry ABH structures in their envelope glycoproteins as previously demonstrated for other coronavirus [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317450-tp2ckb6r author = Robillard, R. title = Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Web-Based Survey in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4900 sentences = 276 flesch = 51 summary = Factors hypothesized a priori to be associated with stress changes were: pre-outbreak stress level, time elapsed since the pandemic declaration by the WHO, age, sex, education level, total family income, employment status, working with the general public, political views, having underage children, having travelled abroad in the past 60 days, index reflective of the number and severity of potential COVID-19 symptoms, the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) contamination subscale, Big5 personality subscales, Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), having a mental disorder, alcohol and drugs use, having a physical condition at risk for COVID-19, sleep duration, quality of family relationships, and amount of time spent outdoors, interacting with other people, following the news on COVID-19, and engaging in physical and artistic activities. cache = ./cache/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317399-693q80xo author = Al Wahaibi, Adil title = COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3649 sentences = 218 flesch = 58 summary = title: COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population In this study, we will analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 infection transmissibility in Oman in the different populations (Omani and non-Omani) and the effects of the introduction of the nonpharmaceutical measures on disease transmissibility. With the increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in Oman, our study showed the feasibility of using the time-varying Rt to assess and explain transmissibility dynamics and epidemic progression. However, the use of timevarying Rt in assessing the transmissibility dynamics and epidemic progression was a crucial tool to know how the mitigation measures influenced Rt. Nevertheless, a study from China demonstrated that changes in reporting rates substantially affect estimates of Rt. 23 Thus, the initial Rt is influenced by testing frequency, contact tracing, and reporting of mild cases outside hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317477-h3c5kddj author = De Coninck, David title = Perceived vulnerability to disease and attitudes towards public health measures: COVID-19 in Flanders, Belgium date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4235 sentences = 204 flesch = 47 summary = We aim to show how perceived vulnerability to disease, personality characteristics, opinion on news media coverage and consumption of news media, and socio-economic and socio-psychological perceptions are related to attitudes towards public health measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, we conducted stepwise linear regressions to investigate associations of perceived vulnerability to disease, personality characteristics, consumption of and opinion on news media, and socio-economic and sociopsychological perceptions, with attitudes towards public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Flanders, Belgium. To answer our main research question, we conducted two stepwise linear regressions to investigate associations between on the one hand perceived vulnerability to disease (GA and PI), personality characteristics, opinion on and consumption of news media, socio-psychological and economic perceptions (independent variables), and on the other hand the belief that the current measures are necessary to protect the Belgian population (dependent variable; Table 3 ) and that the Belgian government is handling the COVID-19 crisis well (dependent variable; Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317283-0zzs5cy8 author = Nicoletti, Angela title = Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1825 sentences = 115 flesch = 49 summary = The majority of COVID-19 positive children had a close contact with an infected case or were family cluster cases and their age, at onset of disease, ranged from 1.5 months to 17 years (4) . In order to gain more insights into the outbreak of COVID-19, in our population of children and adolescents, we analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data and radiologic findings of patients who came to the Emergency Pediatric Department of Catanzaro (Italy), for an acute disease. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients (age, sex, location, date at symptom onset, , travel history and information on relatives) were collected using a standardized electronic medical record. Laboratory indices and chest X-ray descriptions, in our patients and in children and adolescents with COVID-19 infections reported in the literature, are also presented. A Case Series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features cache = ./cache/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317519-yhzv2yjs author = Barzilai, Nir title = Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2594 sentences = 107 flesch = 36 summary = Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span. cache = ./cache/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317371-v7hmc9sj author = Zhang, Xiaolei title = Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1893 sentences = 80 flesch = 57 summary = In this paper, we employed a segmented Poisson model to analyze the available daily new cases data of the COVID-19 outbreaks in the six Western countries of the Group of Seven, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. Our analysis allowed us to make a statistical prediction on the turning point (the time that the daily new cases peak), the duration (the period that the outbreak lasts) and the attack rate (the percentage of the total population that will be infected over the course of the outbreak) for these countries. To identify the turning point and predict the further spread of COVID-19 outbreaks while accounting for governments enforcement of stay-at-home advises/orders, social distancing, lockdowns, and quarantines against COVID-19, we combine the power law with the exponential law for daily new cases based on a segmented Poisson model. cache = ./cache/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317512-kx0u9955 author = Karaye, Ibraheem M. title = The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3668 sentences = 208 flesch = 46 summary = This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. At the "global" level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. At the "global" level, the finding that overall SVI and minority status and language were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts, highlights the impact of social vulnerability on the pandemic. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and disability, and housing and transportation were found to predict COVID-19 case counts in U.S. counties. cache = ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317535-zep5axfo author = Azpiazu Landa, N. title = Ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke in patients with Covid-19 date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1964 sentences = 104 flesch = 41 summary = Coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes a worldwide syndrome called Covid-19 that has caused 5,940,441 infections and 362,813 deaths until May 2020. We present 2 cases of patients infected with severe Covid-19 that were hospitalized in the Reanimation Unit that presented cerebrovascular symptoms and died afterwards. We describe 2 cases of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the Resuscitation Unit who presented cerebrovascular involvement. After 15 days of respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, he was admitted to the Resuscitation unit due to acute respiratory failure that required orotracheal intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation and treatment with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg every 12 h for 11 days, methylprednisolone 125 mg every 24 h for 3 days, and tocilizumab 600 mg in a single dose. During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pathological involvement of the central nervous system. cache = ./cache/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317560-jhthcw20 author = Duong, Lisa title = Letter to the Editor: Neurohospitalist and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 419 sentences = 35 flesch = 50 summary = We are in agreement that COVID-19 should not have reduced the incidence or prevalence of stroke as well as other neurological diseases and emergencies. The number of neurological consultations as well as stroke alert activations has decreased by 50% during the past three months, April, May and June of this year, 2020 compared with the same time period in 2019. The second most common incidents from those patient consultations were stroke. Six patients, however, presented to hospital with normal neurological status only to develop strokes while hospitalized. Similar to observation around the world, the total number of neurological consultations has dropped during the past three months while there is increasing recognition of neurological manifestation of COVID-19. Further observation and reviews are needed to understand the full neurological manifestations of this highly infectious, communicable respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a COVID-19 patient cache = ./cache/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317500-ufo2qgj4 author = Scialpi, Michele title = Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 428 sentences = 37 flesch = 48 summary = Dear Editor, the outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 21 st , and has since then forced the scientific community to consider two fundamental aspects: first off, SARS-CoV-2 does not only cause pneumonia and second, the death of many critical ill patients is caused by multiple organ failure (involving the heart, liver, kidneys, blood and immune system). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? COVID-19 Complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging Findings of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients Management strategy of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in the radiology department: a Chinese experience The Authors declare no conflicts of interest associated for the manuscript entiltled "Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317413-w2xfdwea author = Maurya, Vimal K. title = Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5654 sentences = 285 flesch = 30 summary = Therefore, we have planned to investigate the active constituents present in these medicinal plants for possible antiviral activity against spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its host ACE2 receptor using structure-based drug design method. Besides these active constituents, molecules such as 6-gingerol, glycyrrhetic acid, piperine, sawertiamarine, magnoflorine, scopolamine, atropine, eupafolin, and hyoscyamine also have strong binding affinity towards spike glycoprotein and may be developed potential candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection (supplementary Figures 1 and 2 ). The active constituents present in selected plants were evaluated for the prediction of potential attachment inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 via targeting spike glycoprotein as well as its host receptor ACE2. Structure-based drug designing for potential antiviral activity of selected natural products from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its cellular receptor cache = ./cache/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317526-d3z4r0dz author = Bloom, Patricia P. title = Hepatology Consultants Often Disagree on Etiology of Abnormal Liver Biochemistries in COVID-19 but Agree on Management date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of hospitalized patients, with many possible etiologies. Our aim was to assess degree of hepatologist agreement on the etiology of abnormal liver biochemistries as well as diagnostic recommendations in COVID-19. We reviewed the characteristics of twenty inpatient hepatology consultations performed at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital for abnormal liver biochemistries in adult patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. From March 20 to April 21, 2020, our inpatient hepatology teams performed 20 consultations on patients with COVID-19 and abnormal liver biochemistries; eight had chronic liver disease, and twelve required ICU admission (Table 1 for patient characteristics). The original consultant and three hepatology reviewers had Kappa agreement of 0.10 (p = 0.03) for the most likely primary etiology of elevated liver biochemistries. The hepatologists attributed approximately half of cases to phenomena specific to the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2-related liver injury or DILI. cache = ./cache/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317538-i6amqpmt author = Krawczyk, Noa title = Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 954 sentences = 49 flesch = 48 summary = Despite overwhelming evidence for methadone and buprenorphine, two opioid agonists that substantially reduce overdose risk (Sordo, Barrio, and Bravo, et al, 2017) , these medications remain highly controlled and inaccessible to most individuals in need of treatment for opioid use disorder. Years of research have shown that requiring frequent visits, heavy monitoring, and mandatory participation in adjunct services to be eligible for life-saving medications created unnecessary barriers to accessing care (Krawczyk, Buresh, Gordon, Blue, et al, 2019) . These barriers have not only resulted in limited utilization of available treatment programs but have likely helped to sustain an illicit market of buprenorphine that allows opioid users to access treatment and reduce overdose risk more easily than enrolling in a formal treatment program (Carlson, Daniulaityte, Silverstein, Nahhas, 2020) . Existing models for services both in the U.S. and other countries exemplify the potential for offering opioid treatment through more accessible mechanisms (Krawczyk, Buresh, Gordon, Blue, et al, 2019; Calcaterra, Bach, Chadi, et al, 2019) , cache = ./cache/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317567-19ssakh7 author = Duroi, Iris title = Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 985 sentences = 67 flesch = 49 summary = We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke. Neurological problems in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are common, varying from encephalopathy, confusion and agitation, to acute stroke [1] . Here, we report a fatal ischaemic stroke in a patient with severe COVID-19 complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are several reports of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 [4, 5] . We report a fatal ischaemic stroke due to thrombotic occlusion of the left carotid artery without an apparent cardiac cause. In conclusion, we have described the occurrence of thrombotic stroke as a potential complication of severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317589-03isjlif author = Mahdian, Soodeh title = Drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19 date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2387 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = For this purpose, five proteins of COVID-19 (3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-Like protease (PLpro), cleavage site, HR1 and RBD in Spike protein) were selected as target proteins for drug repositioning. One hundred and twenty-eight FDA-approved drugs with the most favorable free-binding energy were attached to the cleavage site and RBD in Spike protein. RESULTS: According to the results, glecaprevir, paritaprevir, simeprevir, ledipasvir, glycyrrhizic acid, TMC-310911, and hesperidin showed highly favorably free binding energies with all tested target proteins. According to previous evidence, the cleavage site in the S-protein and the conserved Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) is important role in the pathogenesis of virus. Virtual screening was then performed for the 18 selected drugs with ACE2 (major COVID_19 receptor), 3CLpro and PLpro (main enzymes in viral replication), HR1 (main domain in virus fusion with the host cell membrane) and TMPRSS2 (main enzyme in activating the viral spike glycoproteins). cache = ./cache/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author = Jewell, Jennifer S title = Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 266 flesch = 48 summary = The current pandemic is likely to be associated with similar mental health outcomes, as a result of potential exposure to stressors including loss of loved ones, economic hardship, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities following school and day care closures. Across numerous studies, social isolation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with an increase in coronary heart disease, stroke, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The current study examines demographic differences in mental health and well-being outcomes and specific sources of concern that impact these outcomes among a US sample of 1083 adults surveyed between April 7 and June 1, 2020, immediately following business closures and movement restrictions. Based on a review of the limited literature specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rajkumar [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] . cache = ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317622-o10ntfi8 author = Evans, Ronald M. title = Shining Light on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Vitamin D Receptor Checkpoint in Defense of Unregulated Wound Healing date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4646 sentences = 230 flesch = 39 summary = In patients, severity of liver disease correlates inversely with VDR expression, levels of vitamin D, and metabolites (Oh et al., 2020) , and hepatocellular injury directly with progressive COVID-19 (Henry et al., 2020; Ji et al., 2020) . Similar effects were observed in non-lung models; e.g., vitamin D deficiency (or VDR knockout) was associated with increased renin and Ang II (and IL-6 and TGFb) levels in diabetic mice (Zhang et al., 2008) . Human intestinal organoids (ACE2 expressing), suggesting a gut enterocyte reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, fuel viral spread and cytokine response in COVID-19 pathogenesis, another potential enteric-phase inflammatory hurdle to oral vitamin D administration (Clevers, 2020) . Heightened basal RAS (e.g., reduced ACE2 expression, higher Ang II levels) activation and inflammatory states (Ajilore and Thames, 2020; Albert and Ridker, 2004; Suthanthiran et al., 2000; Vinciguerra and Greco, 2020) , reported in African Americans, are associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and relevant risk co-morbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), some linked to vitamin D deficiency (Rostand, 2010; Yancy, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317628-1inxq7t5 author = Cuccarese, Michael F. title = Functional immune mapping with deep-learning enabled phenomics applied to immunomodulatory and COVID-19 drug discovery date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9573 sentences = 487 flesch = 43 summary = We deploy the platform to develop phenotypic models of active SARS-CoV-2 infection and of COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, surfacing compounds with demonstrated clinical benefit and identifying several new candidates for drug repurposing. We used these capabilities to rapidly develop high-throughput-ready disease models for both SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and the resulting cytokine storm, and immediately launched large-scale drug screens that recapitulated known effective and ineffective therapies and, more importantly, identified several new potential treatments for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated cytokine storm. To define the model, we evaluated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple cell types, of which three resulted in robust phenoprints as compared to either mock infected or inactivated virus control populations: Calu3 (a lung adenocarcinoma line), Vero (an immortalized interferondeficient African green monkey kidney line 55 ), and primary Human Renal Cortical Epithelium (HRCE) (Fig. 5C, Fig. S6D ). cache = ./cache/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317729-ruvx9zwd author = Wilson, Darius Cameron title = Adrenomedullin in COVID-19 induced endotheliitis date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 631 sentences = 36 flesch = 37 summary = Indeed, a recent study investigating gene upregulation in patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), characterised by plasma leakage into peripheral tissue and transient episodes of hypotensive shock and oedema, found that ADM was not only one of the most upregulated genes, but that subsequent application to endothelial cells resulted in a protective effect on vascular barrier function [3] . Furthermore, recent clinical studies on sepsis patients upon emergency department (ED) presentation and during intensive care (ICU) treatment using the stable protein surrogate, mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), found that its assessment could accurately identify disease progression in patients with nonsevere clinical signs and symptoms, safely increase outpatient treatment with decreased readmission rates and no subsequent mortalities [4] , and identify patients requiring a rapid administration of antibiotics or triage to the ICU [5] . Abbreviations ADM: Adrenomedullin; ED: Emergency department; ICU: Intensive care unit; MR-proADM: Mid-regional proadrenomedullin; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCLS: Systemic capillary leak syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317604-j8b64a1a author = Sahay, Sandeep title = Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2062 sentences = 115 flesch = 36 summary = title: Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection However, one should keep in mind that a lower respiratory tract infection, such as COVID-19 infection, may lead to hypoxemia leading to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which increases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) resulting in decompensation of a high-risk PAH patient who was previously stable. In patients who are mildly hypoxemic, providers could consider a pulsed inhaled nitric oxide delivery system (currently approved by FDA for expanded access use as a part of clinical trial for COVID -19 infected patients, NCT04305457). Management of PAH patients in intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging regardless of COVID-19 infection. Incidence and risk of respiratory tract infection associated with specific drug therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review Intensive care unit management of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure cache = ./cache/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317707-r0q7ipa6 author = Saracco, Margherita title = Carrying on with Liver Transplantation during the COVID-19 emergency: Report from Piedmont Region date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 159 flesch = 58 summary = We aimed to analyze the number of LT performed between February 24 th , 2020 and April 17 th , 2020 with the same period of time in 2019, in our high-volume transplant Center (median 150 LT/year). Furthermore, among the 5 intensive care units of our hospital, the one dedicated to transplants was maintained COVID-free, by testing each transplant recipient in advance with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPS or BAL, starting from the 22 nd of March. Between February 24 th , 2020 and April 17 th , 2020, among 22 admissions in our 7-bed sub-intensive liver unit, a 40-year-old woman, who was listed during hospitalization, developed fever during hospitalization and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPSs. Immediately transferred to a COVID unit, she came back to our unit after 7 days and 2 negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPS and underwent LT the day after readmission to our unit. Despite all our efforts to maintain a transplant COVID-free pathway, two transplant patients, one before and one after LT were tested SARS-CoV-2 virus positive during hospitalization and both were safely discharged home. cache = ./cache/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317605-s9vv7rw4 author = Zhou, Y. title = A New Predictor of Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2930 sentences = 179 flesch = 58 summary = This study sought to elucidate a novel predictor of disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cased by SARS-CoV-2. The outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia and those with non-severe pneumonia were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to explore clinical characteristics and risk factors. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of N/L, CRP, and D-dimer for determining disease severity in patients with COVID-19. To further explore the predictive value of N/L*CRP*D-dimer in the severity of COVID-19, we also conducted an internal validation. Patients with N/L*CRP*D-dimer results of less than 5.32 were classified as patients with non-severe pneumonia in predicted groups. Although N/L, CRP, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19, the ROC curve showed that they have a low predictive value for the severity of the infection. In general, the product of N/L*CRP*D-dimer is a new predictive value for the severity of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317689-gp4x54pe author = Galanopoulou, Aristea S. title = EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19: A small case series preliminary report date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4676 sentences = 261 flesch = 45 summary = 9, 10 We report our first findings from medically indicated EEG studies, performed predominantly using 8ch-EEG, on admitted acutely ill COVID-19 PUIs. We found that a sizeable proportion of COVID-19-positive patients had suspicion for seizures and/or epileptiform discharges (EDs) in their EEG compared to COVID-19-negative patients, albeit these differences did not reach statistical significance. Most of the patients had acute respiratory failure, were intubated at the time of the EEG studies (63.6% vs 100%), and were receiving sedatives and/or antiseizure medications (ASMs) (86.4% vs 100%) (COVID-19 positive vs negative, respectively). We present the first preliminary case series report of EEG findings in patients under investigation for COVID-19 who presented with altered mental status, encephalopathy or suspicion for seizures and demonstrates evidence of EDs. Seizure-like behaviors prompting EEG investigation were common (63.6%) in COVID-19-positive patients and sporadic epileptic abnormalities were seen in 40.9%, predominantly in the form of frontal sharp waves. cache = ./cache/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317728-0hcsblrf author = Aksan, Feyzullah title = A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1251 sentences = 85 flesch = 57 summary = Admission labs, including biomarkers of the systemic immunological dysfunction seen in many cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were within normal ranges. While it is rare, a significant number of COVID-19 patients are afflicted by neuropathic pain, and our case illustrates that gabapentin may be effective. The qualities of this patient's pain suggested a neuropathic etiology, so gabapentin was selected as a treatment. 2017) , and in addition to the qualities of the patient's pain, the efficacy of gabapentin further suggested a neuropathic etiology. While neuropathic pain may be rarer than anosmia as a neurologic manifestation of COVID-19, it was found in 2.3% (p = 0.07) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in one observational case series (Mao et al. While it is rare, a significant number of COVID-19 patients are afflicted by neuropathic pain, and our case illustrates that gabapentin may be effective in relieving it. cache = ./cache/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317561-ewo6vvlr author = Jha, Sujeet title = HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1534 sentences = 111 flesch = 64 summary = METHODS: This was a prospective, cross sectional and observational study conducted on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ours is a first study in the middle of the pandemic which showed that HCQ prophylaxis in young HCWs without comorbidities did not show any QTc prolongation. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) The Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), National Task Force for COVID 19 issued recommendations for HCQ to be used as a prophylaxis for the asymptomatic exposed Healthcare Workers (HCW) in late March 2020. We decided to follow up a subset of the study population to see the effects of cumulative doses of HCQ on those HCWs who continued to take it. Ours is a first study in the middle of the pandemic which showed that HCQ prophylaxis in young HCWs without comorbidities did not show any QTc prolongation. cache = ./cache/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317811-mxsujb5u author = Migliaccio, Raffaella title = Dementia and COVID-19 Lockdown: More Than a Double Blow for Patients and Caregivers date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2660 sentences = 136 flesch = 56 summary = In dementia research and in clinical practice, the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important challenge, not only for neurological staff and researchers, but above all for patients and their caregivers. During normal times, patients affected by dementia are very vulnerable people and are hugely dependent on family or professional caregivers in their everyday life. This situation can come after waiting for months for a suitable therapist for cognitive rehabilitation, for appointments with physicians, and for a place in a dementia care unit which will stimulate patients and give their families a break. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with dementia living in nursing homes show several additional problems. In this context of dementia, COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, and social isolation, one of my patients' wife died during her sleep. cache = ./cache/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317795-689at1qx author = Bielicki, Julia A title = Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4876 sentences = 213 flesch = 45 summary = One of the greatest risks to the health-care system is a high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health-care workers and the consequent lack of skilled staff to ensure a functioning local or regional response to the pandemic. 5 National and international recommendations for risk assessment and management of hospital health-care staff working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are detailed and publicly available. Can rapidly deplete the workforce, particularly in cases of HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 exposing many colleagues or when there is uncontrolled community transmission, with HCWs exposed outside of the hospital; might not be relevant in settings where some level of PPE is universally recommended (eg, wearing surgical mask for all patient contacts) and there is high adherence to other IPC measures Specific recommendations for monitoring health-care workers for potential SARS-CoV-2 infection should be available for all staff who are expecting to see or currently managing patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317794-kd9a0ron author = Ahmed, Hiwa Omer title = The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate- Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4642 sentences = 297 flesch = 67 summary = title: The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorateKurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to figure out whether social isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine is consistent and associated with emotional eating and gaining weight or not. Is social isolation during the corona COVID -19 quarantine consistent and equally associated with emotional eating and weight gain? The study did not include any patients who were quarantined for COVID-19, but it included all other patients who underwent social distancing (n=568, 82.48%) by the local law, did self-isolation (n=134, 17.51%) at home for reasons like having comorbidity or being prone to contamination due to their jobs (health, police, and media workers). The present study aimed to find the impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine on gaining weight. cache = ./cache/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317624-qdzhncs0 author = Choi, Min Joo title = Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4287 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. This study aimed to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on the viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases using South Korea's National Health J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Among these, only mild-to-moderate grade 1 patients were included in the analysis, and the effect of LPV/r or HCQ use on viral shedding duration was evaluated ( Figure 1 ). In the previous studies including mild COVID-19 patients in CTCs, the mean viral shedding duration from symptom onset was 21-24.5 days, which is longer than the results of our control group , Noh et al., 2020 . cache = ./cache/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317648-lyxz10mo author = Zhou, Qi title = Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1188 sentences = 70 flesch = 50 summary = 4 The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in serious threats to health and safety, as well as various psychological problems, such as high levels of perceived stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms. 5 Previous studies have reported that the medical workers experiencing tremendous pressure, from factors, such as high risk of infection, overwork, depression, and emotionally impacted by negative patients, and lack of protection for their families, have been shown to exhibit long-term psychological implications. A binary logistic regression analysis (Table S2) showed that the risk of insomnia in the general population was independently associated with four variables: age, occupation, marital status, and geographical location (P < .05). The risk of stress in the general population was independently associated with three variables: gender, occupation, and education level (P < .05). Age, education, and profession were shown to be significant risk factors contributing to the stress vulnerability for the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317602-ftcs7fvq author = O’Reilly-Shah, Vikas N. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Shortcomings in US Health Care Informatics Infrastructure: A Call to Action date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3069 sentences = 151 flesch = 39 summary = Although it appears that there is general consensus on the use of the Substitutable Medical Apps, Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (SMART on FHIR) standard developed by the nonprofit Health Level Seven International (HL7) for the interchange of data, the standard is not specific enough to ensure, and regulators have failed to require, that different vendors implement the specification in compatible ways. To briefly recap, if hospitals across the country were able to observe and interpret data being gathered at other institutions in real time and to contribute their own data to the shared repository, the health care system could be learning about and improving its care of COVID-19 patients continuously and collaboratively, based on the sum total of available information rather than incrementally in silos. The public has a pressing interest in ensuring that data standards (eg, OMOP, FHIR) are rapidly developed, adopted by appropriate international standards organizations (eg, HL7), and implemented by EHR vendors in a manner that facilitates interoperability for individual patient care, public health, and research purposes. cache = ./cache/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317843-sp4nvbbh author = Azuma, Kenichi title = Impact of climate and ambient air pollution on the epidemic growth during COVID-19 outbreak in Japan date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1403 sentences = 92 flesch = 54 summary = Investigation of the potential association of the spread of the COVID-19 infection with climate or ambient air pollution could lead to the development of preventive strategies for disease control. To examine this association, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 28 geographical areas of Japan with documented outbreaks of COVID-19. The results revealed that the epidemic growth of COVID-19 was significantly associated with increase in daily temperature or sunshine hours. 8 We determined the association of epidemic growth with exposure variables using 9 univariate and multivariable analyses for 28 geographical areas, divided to five periods 10 from March 13 to April 6, 2020 with a longitudinal manner. In the multivariable 11 analyses, we examined the association of epidemic growth with exposure variables on 12 the regional climate or air pollutants, adjusting for male inhabitants, inhabitants aged 13 ≥65 years, urban density, taxable income, health expenditure, and life expectancy at 14 birth as the possible specified covariates. cache = ./cache/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317834-5givph12 author = Bhat, Kulthe Ramesh Seetharam title = COVID-19 model-based practice changes in managing a large prostate cancer practice: following the trends during a month-long ordeal date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3156 sentences = 164 flesch = 57 summary = To determine the gravity of the COVID-19 situation, we performed an initial risk assessment and peak resource requirement using the COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics (CHIME), assuming 60% and 15% compliance in social distancing [4] . Close monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the national and international level led to our practice deciding to only operate on NCCN high-risk patients starting on March 15, which lasted until the end of March, when the operating rooms were closed to nonemergent cases by our hospital administrators. Based on our initial assessment using the CHIME tool, if the community followed 60% social distancing, the number of expected new patients hospitalized at maximum surge would be 401, with 100 patients requiring ventilator support. The results of the hospital PPE/ bed assessment, the initial CHIME model results, and the fact that COVID-19 cases were increasing on a national and international level (Fig. 1 ) led to our decision to suspend all surgical procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-317834-5givph12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317834-5givph12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317863-xf0bn3cv author = Pata, Ramakanth title = Probability of COVID-19 Being the Culprit in Neurocognitive Deception: A Case Series of Incidental Strokes in ICU Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2201 sentences = 113 flesch = 48 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, originated in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world, infecting millions and killing thousands. Additionally, it has a high incubation period (average 6.4 and range of 0-24 days) [2] , reproductive number (R0 ranged from 1.4 to 6.49, with a mean of 3.28) [3] , and reports have shown that the majority of patients are asymptomatic or have a mild response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus but release large amounts of viruses [2] . Furthermore, a chest X-ray showed no acute pathologies (Figure 3) , and the COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) was performed due to the recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which came back positive. Other reports suggest a higher rate of cerebrovascular disease (mainly ischemic stroke) in severe COVID-19 patients as compared to non-severe cases [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317849-i80zf67c author = Isautier, J. M. title = Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: People's experiences and satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4234 sentences = 258 flesch = 52 summary = Six overarching themes were identified from free-text responses of why telehealth experience was poorer than a traditional in-person medical appointment: communication is not as effective; limitations with technology; issues with obtaining prescriptions and pathology; reduced confidence in doctor; additional burden for complex care; and inability to be physically examined. Despite the increase in telehealth, little is known about people's experience of telehealth services compared to traditional-in person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. An independent samples t-test was used to compare perceived usefulness of telehealth medical appointments once the COVID-19 emergency ends between those who rated their telehealth experience as worse, and those who reported the experience to be the same or better, than an in-person medical visit. Those who rated their telehealth experience as worse than traditional-in person visits were more likely to be male, have lower patient activation (individuals' willingness to take on the role of managing their health and healthcare), or have a history of both depression and anxiety. cache = ./cache/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317776-gw3jmalz author = Boreskie, Kevin F. title = Age is just a number – and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 935 sentences = 55 flesch = 57 summary = title: Age is just a number – and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic 3 As this pandemic develops, emergency physicians must be familiar with a more global approach to the assessment of patients' physiologic resilience and chance of benefit with intensive care. Instead of making decisions based on chronological age, the NICE COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: The COVID-19 guideline presented by NICE proposes the use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Patient placement on this scale is based on evaluation by an experienced clinician using a summary assessment of health and recent function to estimate their level of frailty or robustness. 9 It is a rapid and ED-friendly method already used in every National Health Service (NHS) ED in the United Kingdom, and seems practical to use in the context of COVID-19 patients presenting to an overwhelmed hospital (Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317822-e4uhop4w author = Bahrami, Ahmad title = Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID‐19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: First case from Iran date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1861 sentences = 109 flesch = 51 summary = A growing body of evidence from the UK, Europe and the USA suggests that a number of paediatric patients could present with fever, rash and shock with concomitant COVID-19 infection. Vital signs showed a temperature of 39.5 C, sinus tachycardia (165 beats/min), tachypnoea with normal Key Points 1 A growing body of evidence from the United Kingdom (UK), Europe, and the United States of America (USA) suggests that a number of paediatric patients could present with Kawasakilike symptoms such as fever, rash and shock with concomitant COVID-19 infection which has been referred to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). 2 The negative results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19 in a patient with high levels of serum IgG could suggest that the virus had been cleared and the presence of Kawasaki-like manifestations may be due to delayed immunemediated phenomenon caused by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317859-afvi0g0a author = Wilson, Mathew G title = Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: a practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3535 sentences = 195 flesch = 39 summary = To support safe RTP, we provide sport and exercise medicine physicians with practical recommendations on how to exclude cardiorespiratory complications of COVID-19 in elite athletes who place high demand on their cardiorespiratory system. Overall, we recommend that any athletic individual that has been hospitalised with a radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and breathlessness undergoes specialist respiratory review prior to RTP, and this process is likely to involve the need for: (1) planned repeat imaging; (2) baseline physiological measures (including consideration of gas transfer measurement±lung volumes); and (3) the possible need for cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurement of oxygen saturation in selected cases with ongoing dyspnoea on exertion. 3. In those athletes who report COVID-19 related respiratory symptoms that are persistent and taking longer than 14 days to recover, we recommend a thorough assessment to exclude the presence of thromboembolic events, ongoing intrapulmonary pathology or cardiac injury. cache = ./cache/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317761-tkqmu1va author = Shukla, Ashutosh M title = Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4111 sentences = 191 flesch = 42 summary = This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment. 1 These agents have also shown a promising role in viral infections, and with the recent declaration on March 12th, 2020, by the World Health Organization that coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic, these compounds have rapidly gained worldwide attention for their ability to control the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 These include inhibition of ligand-based toll-like receptor stimulation, inhibition of nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) pathways in macrophages with resultant reduction in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced processing of the endogenous and exogenous ligands through lysosomes and endosomes with resultant reduction in the availability of processed antigens for presentation to the major ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19 drugsincontext.com histocompatibility complex-T cell receptor interactions, and downstream activation of cellular immunity. cache = ./cache/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317906-u5z5cpfk author = Gupta, Ishita title = Atypical Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2184 sentences = 163 flesch = 58 summary = The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to a group of RNA-enveloped viruses and believed to be transmitted by aerosol route, is a worldwide pandemic. However, to our knowledge, there are minimal studies on the neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our review aims to identify the various neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, which could be an added advantage in the early diagnosis and prevention of further complications of the nervous system. Other non-neurological symptoms were diarrhea, anorexia, myalgia, sore throat, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, headache, arthralgia, nausea, and vomiting (see Figure 2 and Table 3 ) [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . The presentation of olfactory symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-affected patients is due to the fact that the illness spreads through the cribriform plate, which is in close proximity to the olfactory region [30] . Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317988-1buh1wm0 author = Kalichman, Seth C. title = Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living With HIV, Atlanta, Georgia date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4040 sentences = 216 flesch = 47 summary = At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications and increased cancelation of health care appointments, both by self and providers. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the health care of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics. 15 High prevalence of substance use and co-occurring underlying health conditions have the potential to amplify the severity of COVID-19 in people living with HIV. 43 Although people with HIV will recognize their increased risks due to an immune suppressive condition, the added burden of smoking and other substance use, as well as underlying conditions common to HIV infection, have not been included in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports of severe case outcomes and have not been included in public health messaging. cache = ./cache/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317966-ut6tzc8s author = Kocak, Burak title = A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2109 sentences = 121 flesch = 48 summary = A 28-year-old female patient previously referred to our department with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease secondary to a lupus-like syndrome, who underwent a preemptive kidney transplant from her mother six months ago, presented to the transplant clinic with complaints of rhinorrhea, sore throat, malaise, and subfebrile fever self-measured at home shortly after a vacation to England. Thus, kidney transplant patients who are on steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs may exhibit unusual clinical courses resulting from coronavirus infection. Our two patients presented to the hospital with symptoms not suggesting COVID-19, and they were ineligible to be screened for SARS-CoV-2 according to the national outbreak management case definition, which was "a reported body temperature over 38 0 C" or "cough and/or respiratory distress" and "epidemiologic risk of contact". Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317820-od9l7p1r author = Goker Bagca, Bakiye title = Overview of the COVID-19 and JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibition: Ruxolitinib Perspective date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3961 sentences = 233 flesch = 41 summary = The virus, which is the cause of the COVID-19 was named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromerelated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Figure 1a) . As an expected result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was reported cytokine storm syndrome triggered by the dysregulated immunity in numerous patients. There are clinical studies including baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib JAK inhibitors against cytokine storm caused by COVID-19. It is reported that tocilizumab which is an approved IL6 receptor antagonist, treatment reduced cytokine release syndrome symptoms in severe patients COVID-19 [66] . It is reported that the usage of ruxolitinib suppresses cytokine levels and JAK/STAT pathway in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) -associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [71] . In this context, it is clear that ruxolitinib, which is used especially in older age patients, has an important potential in overcoming complications that are caused by over activation of the immune system which is triggered through JAK/STAT signaling pathway. cache = ./cache/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317823-ztawznod author = Yehya, Nadir title = Statewide Interventions and Covid-19 Mortality in the United States: An Observational Study date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 228 flesch = 56 summary = Historical analysis of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic during the second wave of infections that examined 43 cities in the United States demonstrated an association between earlier school closures and bans on public gatherings with lower mortality [5] . Therefore, we assessed the association between the timing of emergency declarations and school closures, two specific statewide distancing measures, and subsequent Covid-19 mortality. Second, because deaths per million is a common method to compare localities, we provide an analysis testing the association between deaths per million at the state level after multivariable adjustment relative to timing of emergency declarations or statewide school closures. States implementing emergency declarations or school closures later in the course of the pandemic experienced higher Covid-19 mortality, with each day of delay increasing mortality risk 5 to 6%. cache = ./cache/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author = Bourgonje, Arno R. title = Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12082 sentences = 664 flesch = 38 summary = ACE2 was highly expressed on lung alveolar epithelial cells and small intestinal epithelial cells, consistent with potential routes of viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as both respiratory and gastrointestinal systems share interfaces with the external environment. ACE2 expression in the lungs and SARS-CoV-2 viral load have been suggested to increase with age, which might provide an explanation to the higher disease severity observed in older patients with COVID-19 [35] . Both SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly mediated by ACE2 expression and activity, and superimposed disease triggers may be responsible for the observed pathological findings. Additionally, another study reported purpura and livedo racemosa in several severely affected COVID-19 patients with small vessel thrombosis with co-localization of complement and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on histopathology [148] .This indicates direct viral infection of the small skin vessels. Circulating plasma concentrations of ACE2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-inhibitors: Potential implications for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients cache = ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318029-xd7nuahh author = Ke, Chunjin title = 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1097 sentences = 93 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Ke, Chunjin; Wang, Yufeng; Zeng, Xing; Yang, Chunguang; Hu, Zhiquan OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated with novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to evaluate the effect of blood purification technology on the treatment and prognosis of such patients METHODS: Two COVID-19 cases undergoing hemodialysis with chronic renal failure were retrospectively analysed in our hospital. On January 8, 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention officially announced the pneumonia was caused by a new type of coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2] . Hyperviremia and cytokine storm are important causes for COVID-19's evolution to severe pneumonia, even to multiple organ dysfunction in a few cases [6] . Blood purification technology seems to be helpful for preventing COVID-19 patients with chronic renal failure from severe pneumonia or even multiple organ dysfunction. Interferon and cytokine responses to SARS-coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317846-str9i01o author = Chen, Dr. Xian title = Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1108 sentences = 77 flesch = 58 summary = title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects Therefore, diminishing the cytokine storm may be an important part of treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 [4] . On this basis, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the treatment efficacy and side effects of MSCs therapy on severe COVID-19. In our series, all the patients with severe COVID-19 survived and entered recovery after MSCs therapy, and only 3 patients experienced treatment side effects. Firstly, inflammation indexes, such as WBC counts and CRP were totally normal before MSCs therapy in most cases, which means that cytokine storm was mild to moderate and not serious in these cases. In conclusion, we suggested that MSCs therapy might be a promising option for the treatment of severe COVID-19, but should be used cautiously, especially in patients with metabolic acidosis or coronary heart disease. cache = ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318038-psultpzy author = José Concepción Zavaleta, Marcio title = Diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 545 sentences = 39 flesch = 54 summary = We read with interest the study published by Goldman et al [1] , who identified four patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) resistant to standard therapy that was triggered by COVID-19 and was associated with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 triggers DKA has not been fully elucidated; however, it has been shown that it uses the receptor for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a gateway, which is expressed in the intestine, kidney, and pancreas [3] , organs that are part of the "egregious eleven," the pathophysiological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus [4] . This damage can be expressed by an elevation of pancreatic enzyme levels in patients with COVID-19 [5] ; however, DKA itself can present with elevated pancreatic enzyme levels in 16%-25% of cases [6] . Likewise, a state of insulin resistance triggered by COVID-19 has been described, which, together with pancreatic injury, contributes to an increased risk of hyperglycemic crisis in patients with diabetes [3] . High prevalence of COVID-19-associated diabetic ketoacidosis in UK secondary care cache = ./cache/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317878-bqpj0ey0 author = Czick, Maureen title = COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12676 sentences = 811 flesch = 45 summary = Silent hypoxia, atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke, olfactory loss, myocarditis, and increased mortality rates in the elderly, in men, in African-Americans, and in patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer—all bear the fingerprints of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, suggesting that RAS is the common culprit. Subpopulations manifesting higher rates of COVID-19 mortality-including hypertensives, the elderly, the obese, diabetics, men, and African-Americans-correlate with preexisting RAS imbalance, with ACE overactivity and/or ACE2 underactivity priming these patients for more severe COVID-19 outcomes. 159 Males generally have higher levels of RAS than premenopausal females, 160 perhaps explaining why male hypertensive rats show a greater blood pressure decrease with ACEIs. 161 Estrogen downregulates the expression of the AT1 gene 162, 163 and suppresses both ROS production in vascular smooth muscle and the enzymatic activity of ACE. cache = ./cache/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318178-l17u9oqp author = Omura, Takuya title = Geriatric practice during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 879 sentences = 60 flesch = 51 summary = Dear Editor, Two aspects warrant consideration regarding the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: prevention of COVID-19 infection and protection from the related changes among the elderly. For the latter, the Japan Geriatrics Society (JGS) established the "COVID-19, Practice Caution for Older People" in March 2020 to raise awareness on "prevention of frailty" (Fig. 1) . COVID-19 influence can trigger age-related diseases other than frailty; therefore, it is necessary to identify the impact of this pandemic on the geriatric population. 7 Thus, further research is needed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on various age-related diseases in addition to frailty. 8 Psychosocial interventions are crucial for the elderly people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent stroke and cardiovascular disease. To maintain the physical functions and daily routine of the elderly, the JGS recommends eight points related to the following three aspects: (i) exercise and nutrition, (ii) oral function, and (iii) social support (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318043-1x3dp1vv author = Ahmadi, Mohsen title = Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2139 sentences = 145 flesch = 56 summary = In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? Organization," n.d.), population density, intra-provincial movement, infection days to end of the study period, average temperature( • C) (Yuan et al., 2006) , average precipitation (mm) (Araujo and Naimi, 2020) , humidity(%) (Wang et al., 2020) , wind speed (km/h) (Yuan et al., 2006) and average solar radiation (kWh/m 2 ) (Qu and Wickramasinghe, 2017) in the study period. In this study, the correlation of nine main variables includes the number of infected people, population density, intra-provincial movement, days of infection, average temperature, average rain, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation with infection rate analyzed. cache = ./cache/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317956-srbualjc author = Klang, Eyal title = Sex Differences in Age and Comorbidities for COVID-19 Mortality in Urban New York City date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1520 sentences = 110 flesch = 57 summary = The aim of this study was to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independently significant variables associated with gender in patients who died from COVID-19. In the multivariable model, cardiovascular comorbidities were not significantly different between women and men. This study demonstrates that women who died of COVID-19 showed a similar cardiovascular disease profile as men. The present study was designed to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. Univariate analysis compared age and comorbidities between men and women who died from COVID-19. This study demonstrates that in patients who died from COVID-19, no significant difference was noted between cardiac morbidity and gender. Our study is limited to an assessment of gender differences among patients who have died from COVID-19 without considering the comorbidity rate of men versus women in the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318067-4hdeuweo author = Torrego, Alfons title = Bronchoscopy in Patients with COVID-19 with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Single-Center Experience date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1876 sentences = 116 flesch = 43 summary = Bronchoscopy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has been required to manage complications (atelectasis, hemoptysis, etc.) as well as to obtain samples for microbiological cultures and to assist in the management of artificial airways (guide intubation and percutaneous tracheostomy) (3) . Because no series of intubated patients with COVID-19 submitted to bronchoscopy has been published so far, we describe our experience in performing flexible bronchoscopies in patients with COVID-19 with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic outbreak. Bronchoscopic examination included orotracheal tube positioning check, direct inspection of tracheal and bronchial mucosa, suctioning of secretions, and mucoactive agent instillation if necessary (hypertonic saline combined with hyaluronic acid), and in 63 cases, a mini-BAL with 60-ml saline aliquots at room temperature was performed just before the end of procedure for microbiological sampling. Most patients admitted to the ICU with a severe presentation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) fulfill the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) criteria (1) and require invasive mechanical ventilation (2) . cache = ./cache/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318044-podm4mjd author = Wu, P. title = The Trans-omics Landscape of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4681 sentences = 318 flesch = 52 summary = In addition to the above abundant structural lipid classes, 314 several bioactive lipids also changed significantly in the symptomatic groups, including 315 lysophosphatidylcholine (inhibiting endotoxin-induced release of late proinflammatory cytokine) (Yan et al., 2004) and lysophosphatidyliositol (an endogenous agonist for 317 GPR55 whose activation regulates several pro-inflammatory cytokines) Cancino et al., 2017), suggesting that lipidome changes that interfere with cell 319 membrane integrity and normal functions or disturb inflammatory and immune states 320 may play important and complex roles in COVID-19 disease development ( Figure S9) . However, comprehensive analysis of multi-omics data 379 within a large cohort remains lacking, especially for patients with various severity 380 grades, i.e., asymptomatic across the course of the disease to critically ill. Performance of Machine Learning Model to Predict COVID-19 Patient 1229 Severity of Asymptomatic, Mild, Severe and Critical using Multi-omics Data cache = ./cache/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317990-61is0hgm author = Quinn, Katherine G. title = Applying the Popular Opinion Leader Intervention for HIV to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2198 sentences = 104 flesch = 41 summary = have recently noted, the spread of medical mistrust and public health misinformation evident in the current COVID-19 pandemic mirrors long-standing challenges in the HIV epidemic [1] . Accordingly, we can take lessons learned from the HIV epidemic about the spread of public health information and its effects on behavior change apply them to the current pandemic. This Note focuses on social networks and the popular opinion leader model, which may be key in disseminating trusted information about COVID-19 in a rapidly changing public health landscape. Yet, engaging trusted community leaders and social influencers to disseminate accurate public health information may help overcome these challenges to address inequities reduce COVID-19 stigma, and strengthen norms that contribute to sustained behavior change (e.g. social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing). Aligned with social distancing guidelines for COVID-19 prevention, we are using online social networks as an efficient and effective way to disseminate accurate information and influence community norms and behaviors [36] . cache = ./cache/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318032-d9dnugod author = Ali Hassan, Syed M. title = Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1150 sentences = 56 flesch = 44 summary = We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting (EVH) approach during coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and thus mitigates the risk of possible viral aerosolization. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting approach during CABG surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and thus mitigates the risk of possible viral aerosolization. cache = ./cache/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318116-u0swlpug author = Dolores García-Cosío, M. title = Trasplante cardiaco durante la pandemia por coronavirus: organización asistencial y características de los pacientes infectados date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1366 sentences = 139 flesch = 58 summary = Se mantuvieron las visitas de los pacientes con un TxC más reciente (los primeros 3 meses siguientes al trasplante) en un circuito de protección para la asistencia ambulatoria en nuestro hospital. En nuestro centro se estableció un área sin coronavirus, denominada área intermedia (AI), para evaluar a los pacientes con alto riesgo (receptores de trasplante de órgano sólido, pacientes con un dispositivo de asistencia ventricular y pacientes oncológicos) que requerían una evaluación por sospecha de COVID-19. Se identificó a 15 pacientes con TxC que presentaron un cuadro clínico compatible con COVID-19, y se programaron para ellos llamadas telefónicas 2 veces por semana. La incidencia de la COVID-19 en nuestra población con TxC fue del 8%, a pesar de la indicación de medidas intensivas de protección para esta población en alto riesgo. Según los resultados del presente estudio, puede establecerse un seguimiento seguro de los pacientes con TxC durante la pandemia de COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318262-w8oixzdg author = Chevance, A title = Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: a narrative review date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6747 sentences = 303 flesch = 40 summary = Results: We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: 1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; 2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); 3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and 4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318312-v1c3qm7h author = Fischer, Quentin title = Case report of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 91 flesch = 45 summary = CASE SUMMARY: A patient with COVID-19 was hospitalized in our institution for a diabetic foot ulcer and presented afterwards a pulmonary oedema and concomitant anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. DISCUSSION: Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams. 4 Specifically, the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Learning points • Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) screening by naso-pharyngeal swab was not systematically performed at admission and should not delay emergent cardiological care in ST-elevation myocardial infarction or high-risk non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In this case report, the occurrence of an acute respiratory distress in a patient with infected diabetic foot ulcer, led to the simultaneous diagnosis of COVID-19 and high-risk ACS. Emergent PCI for ACS is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams. cache = ./cache/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318018-ybdkp398 author = Bruni, Margherita title = Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5481 sentences = 263 flesch = 46 summary = Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Our data show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we showed that the vast majority of COVID-19 mildly symptomatic patients analyzed in the study halved their anti-RBD antibody titers after 4 weeks from viral negativization, thus confirming the short lifespan of humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318184-atlslk0e author = Germain, N. title = Retrospective study of COVID-19 seroprevalence among tissue donors at the onset of the outbreak before implementation of strict lockdown measures in France date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2380 sentences = 173 flesch = 60 summary = We assessed COVID-19 seroprevalence in a population of tissue donors, at the onset of the outbreak in France, before systematic screening of donors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. First identified in Wuhan (China), in early January 2020, the new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , rapidly spread to other countries worldwide causing an unprecedented pandemic 1 . Taking into account the information available, the French Biomedicine Agency updated the guidance on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk via donated organs and tissues on March 5, 2020 and recommended to exclude donors with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (fever, cough, etc.) and donors who had stayed or traveled to high risk regions within the prior 28 days, or . Archived blood specimens collected on the day of donation for donor screening of infectious diseases were retrospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Fig.2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318326-q9fnbg8n author = Cacciapuoti, Sara title = Immunocytometric analysis of COVID patients: A contribution to personalized therapy? date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3553 sentences = 184 flesch = 50 summary = To cast light on immunological and cytological response during SARS-Cov-2 infection, we studied a group of COVID-19 patients during their recovery in a specialized hospital, evaluating either at J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof admission or after 7-day follow-up the levels of serum cytokines and the lymphocyte subpopulation profile. However, some specific subpopulations (i.e., TH1 and activated TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes), seem to be less involved by the exhaustion, because they were not reduced in COVID patients (in some patients they are above J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof the upper reference range) and they showed a trend to increase with the WHO disease stage, partially in agreement with a previous study [6] , confirming that the hyperactivation of CD8 T cells contributes to enhance the severity of the disease [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318068-3mnhd56l author = Tan, Hanno L title = How does COVID-19 kill at home and what should we do about it? date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1858 sentences = 99 flesch = 43 summary = 1, 2 Baldi and co-workers now provide, in this issue of the European Heart Journal, convincing evidence that COVID-19 is also associated with increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Also, changes associated with reduced chances of surviving OHCA occurred: longer Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival times (12 min in 2019 vs. The same key determinants of survival were less favourable during the pandemic (rise in median EMS response time from 9.4 to 10.4 min, larger proportion of OHCA incidences at home, lower proportions of witnessed OHCA and shockable rhythm), resulting in reduced survival rates to hospital admission (23% to 13%) and hospital discharge (5.4% to 3.1%). Other observations indicate that changed citizen-rescuer behaviour may also have reduced survival chances, in particular the lower provision of CPR 3 and of public automated external defibrillator use. Indeed, elevated biomarker levels of injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are associated with higher risk of mortality 2 and of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. cache = ./cache/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318321-jfpbkntx author = Parashar, Bhupesh title = Disease Site-Specific Guidelines for Curative Radiation Treatment During ‘Limited Surgery’ and ‘Hospital Avoidance’: A Radiation Oncology Perspective From the Epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5925 sentences = 323 flesch = 48 summary = We focus on three scenarios of cancer care: 1) radiation therapy as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) radiation therapy as a 'bridge' to surgery, and 3) radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss radiation therapy (RT) options for cancer patients in three settings: 1) RT as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) RT as a 'bridge' to surgery and 3), radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy. If the risk of hospitalization is high, a different approach should be used: 1) sequential chemotherapy and radiation, 2) reduction of chemotherapy dose, 3) use of a less toxic concurrent systemic or targeted therapy, or 4) RT alone with an option of altered fractionation to compensate for lack of chemotherapy. cache = ./cache/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318194-m4vu77v6 author = Rentsch, Christopher T. title = Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5450 sentences = 261 flesch = 45 summary = We evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. Notably, our analysis found that underlying health conditions did not explain any of the disparity between racial/ethnic groups in the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 or subsequent mortality in models already accounting for demographics, principally age, rural/urban residence, and VA site of care-essential information to help guide effective interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318332-krgsd5z3 author = Sallam, M. title = COVID-19 misinformation: mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5165 sentences = 324 flesch = 55 summary = Abstract Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease. The results of the current study clearly delineate the existence of an association between misinformation about COVID-19 and the combination of higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease among the public in Jordan. An association was seen between belief in the role of conspiracies, biological warfare, and 5G networks in the origin and spread of the disease with lower levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and higher level of anxiety. cache = ./cache/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318204-t024w7h6 author = Fang, Ferric C title = The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2976 sentences = 218 flesch = 51 summary = As communities attempt to re-open following periods of shutdown, the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and specific antibodies recognizing the virus will become increasingly important as a means to assess infection and immunity in individuals and communities. In view of the less than ideal sensitivity of an NP swab to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, it may be useful to repeat testing in a patient in whom the clinical suspicion is high (32) . Although the primary use of serologic tests is to determine prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the detection of specific antibodies may support the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a patient with a high clinical suspicion but negative PCR tests (57-59). Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a serologic marker of infection cache = ./cache/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318167-b25g6zkp author = Einollahi, Behzad title = A patient affected by critical COVID-19 pneumonia, successfully treated with convalescent plasma date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1571 sentences = 80 flesch = 52 summary = A number of studies reported that CP therapy is also one of the few promising medications for the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients, useful to decrease the viral load, improve the patients clinical outcome, reducing their mortality rate, increasing the probability of extubation and containing the length of hospital stay [9, 10, 11, 12, 13] . In conclusion, emergency therapy with probably CP contributed to heal our critically ill COVID-19 patient, thanks to the antibodies from CP seemingly suppressing the viraemia, which in most viral diseases peaks during the first 7 days since infection [16] . Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma cache = ./cache/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318324-cc6rn95z author = Handu, Deepa title = Malnutrition Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Evidence Analysis Center date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2877 sentences = 220 flesch = 47 summary = Hence, nutrition care to identify and address malnutrition is critical in treating and preventing further adverse health outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This document provides guidance and practice considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) providing nutrition care for adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection in the hospital, outpatient, or homecare settings. Nutrition screening aims 53 to identify patients who are at risk for malnutrition and provide a referral for RDN to deliver 54 detailed nutrition care based on the nutrition care process, 8 including assessment, diagnosis and 55 intervention by an RDN, in order to treat and prevent further malnutrition and consequent 56 adverse health outcomes. Examples of potential nutrition diagnoses applicable to adults infected with COVID-19 may 100 include malnutrition, increased nutrient needs, predicted inadequate energy intake, altered 101 gastrointestinal function, or inadequate energy intake. cache = ./cache/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318367-8xrjddwy author = Liu, Xiucheng title = An especial transition phase of hospitals: the adaptation of hospital operations to the development of COVID-19 and policy adjustments date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1596 sentences = 80 flesch = 43 summary = Therefore, gradually promoting hospital operations and functions back to the new normal is important, especially when this outbreak has been effectively controlled. Normalizing hospital operations too early may increase the risk of exposure and cross-contamination, which may have a catastrophic effect on both the elderly patients and medical staff. Indeed, the fear of being infected in hospitals, "stay at home" policies, and emergency measures taken by hospitals, such as delaying elective operations and non-urgent radiological scans, have inevitably caused adverse consequences on the treatment modalities and day-to-day care of patients with chronic underlying conditions. For instance, after the epidemic was well controlled, some patients scheduled for surgery, including those with lung cancer and valvular heart diseases, voluntarily rescheduled their procedure at The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical staff, especially those in the front-line of the epidemic, have endured enormous work-load and psychological pressure [6, 7] . cache = ./cache/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318333-rzhrgp5q author = Hou, Jiabao title = COVID-19 infection, a potential threat to surgical patients and staff? A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3264 sentences = 204 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in surgical patients and medical staff. 8 In this study, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of surgical patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia infection and the infection transmission from surgical patients to medical staff. 10 Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were considered positive for SARS-CoV-2 with the use of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended kit (BioGerm, Shanghai, China), following WHO guidelines for qRT-PCR, 5 or by chest computed tomographic (CT) scans. 10 In the early stage of this epidemic (before January 23th, 2020), the nucleic acid tests were performed only on the suspected surgical patients with fever more than 37.3 ℃ and/or pulmonary infection (Chest CT/X-R ray showing) when entering the operating room, and medical staff only used the surgical mask to protect themselves. cache = ./cache/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318342-eipscagh author = Chen, Juan title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3598 sentences = 205 flesch = 48 summary = Results: Three studies reported blood glucose and HbA1c according to the severity of COVID-19 and were included in this meta-analysis. It remains unclear regarding the effect of severity of COVID-19 infection on glycemic parameters, including blood glucose and glycated haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c). Finally, three papers were included in the meta-analysis that evaluated blood glucose and/or HbA1c levels according to the severity of COVID-19 (17) (18) (19) . The z-test result for overall effects was statistically significant (P < 0.001), indicating a significantly greater elevation in blood glucose in patients with severe COVID-19 infection than those in the mild group. In the present meta-analysis, we found that blood glucose was significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than those with mild COVID-19 (WMD 2.21, 95% CI: 1.30-3.13, P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%). cache = ./cache/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318316-9unfl966 author = Ortega, Joseph T. title = Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4022 sentences = 236 flesch = 46 summary = SUMMARY: This review focused on the basic principles of virology and pharmacology to understand the importance of early stages of virus-cell interaction as therapeutic targets and other main processes vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, we focused on describing the main targets associated with SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy and the rationale of drug combinations for efficiently suppressing viral replication. Another early target evaluated against SARS-CoV-2 is a cellular protease related to the priming of the spike protein (S), which exposes the fusion motive and allows the release of viral RNA into the cytosol. HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; ORF, open reading frame. Favipiravir, another antiviral agent with broad activity against other RNA viruses by inhibiting the RdRp, halting viral replication, was evaluated against SARS-CoV-2, showing effects in vitro and in vivo [43] [44] [45] . cache = ./cache/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318317-x12fblc5 author = Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title = The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1358 sentences = 91 flesch = 54 summary = To the Editor, Mali announced its first two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on March 25, 2020, almost 1 month after Algeria (first reported case in the African continent) and Nigeria (first reported case in Sub-Saharan Africa). This is despite the fact that Malian authorities were more proactive in implementing a response than their counterparts in these other countries when the WHO declared COVID-19 to be an international public health emergency. Given this context, actions targeting cultural and social dimensions of vulnerable populations-including the homeless [7] and individuals with endemic [8] and chronic diseases, especially people living with HIV (PLWH) [9] -are needed to reinforce COVID-19 prevention. The long-established trustful relationship between ARCAD-Santé PLUS and users of its HIV/AIDS prevention and care services is indispensable to disseminate key messages to protect vulnerable populations in Mali against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 author = Zvolensky, Michael J. title = Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15836 sentences = 701 flesch = 39 summary = Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden). cache = ./cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318371-irqked5z author = Assandri, Roberto title = Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 801 sentences = 46 flesch = 54 summary = title: Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room Few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. We preliminarily observed that several laboratory tests have been shown as characteristically altered in COVID-19 and we have been proposed as rapid and sensitive alternatives in identifying likely Arch Med Res E20_698 3 COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 Pulmonary disease with inflammatory features usually raise serum CRP level in response to inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1 or TNF-α (6). In conclusion we propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318391-2s0rjfn8 author = Akirov, Amit title = Tackling Obesity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2525 sentences = 147 flesch = 48 summary = A study to assess the effects of lockdown during COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes in north India reported carbohydrate consumption and frequency of snacking increased in 21% and 23% of study participants, respectively, while exercise duration decreased in 42% and weight gain was documented in 23% of patients [14] . Furthermore, obesity class I (BMI>30 kg/m2) and obesity class II (BMI>35 kg/m2) have been associated with an increased risk for need of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, independent of age, sex, diabetes mellitus and hypertension [9, 13] . A study from China reported similar findings, noting the association of obesity with high mortality risk in young patients with COVID-19 [3] . Data from England reported that patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were at increased risk for COVID-19 associated mortality, and there was a U-shaped relationship with BMI. Obesity is clearly a pivotal risk factor associated with severe disease -including greater rate of hospital admission, ICU admission, need for ventilation and excess mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318364-5bmdzgla author = Sun, Xinjuan title = Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3102 sentences = 158 flesch = 40 summary = In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response. In support of the above observations, a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19 2 showed that most SARS-CoV-2 infected patients present clinically with mild symptoms, while a minority of patients progressively declined from the infection and eventually died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MOD). Severe pneumonia caused by pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoV) are often associated with induced hypercytokinemia, also termed cytokine storm, in immunocompetent individuals; uncontrolled overproduction of inflammatory cytokines contributes to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). cache = ./cache/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318355-38x3f3ee author = Yang, Yang title = Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with Sars‐COV‐2 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3963 sentences = 228 flesch = 48 summary = High visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR, called visceral adiposity) (OR: 2.47, 95CI: 1.05 to 5.98, p=0.040) and low mean attenuation of skeletal muscle (SMD, called high intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) (OR: 11.90, 95CI: 4.50 to 36.14, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for critical illness. In the present study, we explored the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue distribution, skeletal muscle area and IMF deposition and severity of COVID-19, in a retrospective cohort of 143 patients who had an un-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). In this study, visceral adiposity and high IMF deposition were significantly associated with critical illness for patients with COVID-19. The present study showed that high IMF deposition was significantly associated with risk of critical illness and requiring mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19. Our findings show that patients with visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition were more likely to develop into critical illness when infected with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318319-efqf5e1i author = Yamasaki, Yukitaka title = The peripheral lymphocyte count as a predictor of severe COVID-19 and the effect of treatment with ciclesonide date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2136 sentences = 144 flesch = 59 summary = The lymphocyte count after ciclesonide treatment in the non-severe pneumonia group was significantly higher (p = 0. Many patients with coronavirus infection disease 2019(COVID-19) are subclinical, and it has been reported that people are J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f contagious even when asymptomatic [1, 2] , which means preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is challenging [3] . Risk factors of severe pneumonia include age, comorbidities, smoking, reduced lymphocyte count, elevated ferritin levels, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . In addition, we examined whether ciclesonide could prevent the development of severe COVID-19 among patients with these predictors. Moreover, the lymphocyte count after ciclesonide therapy in the non-severe pneumonia group was significantly higher (p=0.0156) compared to before treatment (mean 6.14 days, SD 2.17) (Figure 3b ). cache = ./cache/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318390-uuz37610 author = Saleem, Tayyaba title = COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2926 sentences = 139 flesch = 44 summary = The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the management strategy of low literate caregivers of patients living in resource-limited areas of Pakistan, one of the active hotspots of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318437-tzp33iw7 author = Lovrić, Mario title = Understanding the true effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution by means of machine learning() date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2851 sentences = 178 flesch = 58 summary = In this work, a machine learning approach was designed and implemented to analyze local air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown in Graz, Austria. Concentrations of NO(2) (nitrogen dioxide), PM(10) (particulate matter), O(3) (ozone) and O(x) (total oxidant) were selected from five measurement sites in Graz and were set as target variables for random forest regression models to predict their expected values during the city's lockdown period. However, the primary analysis is based on 97 machine learning (ML) models which were used to capture historical relationships between the 98 attributes and compare the predictions to true pollution values after the COVID-19 lockdowns 99 In order to obtain a realistic picture of air quality during the 104 lockdown, we analyzed the long term measurement data from January 2014 to May 2020 from 105 five measurement sites in the Austria city of Graz (Süd (eng. In this work, we have explored the changes in air pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 403 lockdown for the city of Graz, Austria. cache = ./cache/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318470-2plv75os author = Russell, Matthew R. title = COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 531 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = title: COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies Early reports have suggested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generally causes mild disease in children. 1 Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are generally more susceptible to viral respiratory infections and have increased morbidity and mortality. Potential for COVID-19 disease was considered but community incidence was low at the time, the patient had no Center for Disease Control risk factors for infection, and testing was not widely available. Repeat SARS-CoV-2 nasal PCR was planned for two weeks with repeat anti HLA antibody testing and IVIG administration repeated every month for two more months. 5 This patient tolerated IVIG administration with concurrent COVID-19 infection without any notable reaction. Although mechanisms and relationship between allosensitization and COVID-19 remain uncertain, we suggest careful measurement of donor specific antibodies be undertaken in heart transplant survivors of this infection. cache = ./cache/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318484-b21myin4 author = Di Lorenzo, G. title = Evaluating the adequacy of Prima Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the assessment of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 74 flesch = 51 summary = In spite of some limitation owing especially to the choice of a self selected population sample, we conclude that Prima Lab Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test represents a low-cost, easily applicable and reproducible tool in detecting SARS-Cov-2 diffusion in the general population. Since the Rapid Test is most likely to produce negative results in the early stages of infection, it is possible that the 10/90 (11.1%) negative subjects with a positive RT-PCR that SARS-CoV-2 was detectable but antibodies seroconversion has not started yet. The Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid test represents a low-cost and easily applicable tool in detecting SARS-Cov-2 diffusion in the general population with the capability to identify quite reliably subjects who have been or have not been exposed to the virus in the recent or distant past, as suggested by the presence or absence of specific IgG. cache = ./cache/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318410-fznw4bbq author = Alhazmi, Amani title = Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4281 sentences = 221 flesch = 49 summary = title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. This survey aimed to study the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the participants towards COVID-19 preventive and precautionary measures in relation to containment of the pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by determining the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, measuring participants' knowledge about major facts concerning the virus, determining participants' practices to prevent the spread of the infection, and measuring the response rate and participants' level of adherence to MOH preventive and precaution measures. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318512-5wvnw8li author = Coronado, Pluvio J. title = Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3615 sentences = 198 flesch = 50 summary = Objective To assess the impact of confinement due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resilience in periand postmenopausal women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Cervantes-SF scores and living with others (β-coefficient -10.2; p < 0.001), use of antidepressants (β 9.3; p < 0.001), physical activity (β -8.6; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β -2.7; p < 0.001). Additionally, in peri-and postmenopausal women, forced alterations in lifestyle habits resulting from quarantine such us changes in interpersonal relationships, nutrition habits, exercise, or sexuality could lead to an aggravation of their menopausal symptoms and a loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly in terms of psycho-behavioral aspects and romantic relationships [8] . The findings of this study indicate that the HRQoL and resilience of peri-and postmenopausal women confined due to the Covid-19 pandemic are influenced by several demographic descriptors related to their lifestyle and environment. cache = ./cache/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318520-hgjv7ot9 author = Mohamed, Sherif title = Death due to Cardiac Arrest in a Young Female With Highly Suspected COVID-19: A Case Report date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1942 sentences = 104 flesch = 46 summary = As COVID-19 patients are commonly having clotting disorders, endothelial and organ dysfunction, coagulopathy, and liable for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), it is important to select those COVID-19 patients who are at higher risk of PTE, and practice CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the diagnosis of PTE, especially in case of significant increase of D-dimer values. Recently, the CDC has created a list of certain comorbidities that have been associated with severe disease (defined as infection resulting in hospitalization, admission to the ICU, intubation or mechanical ventilation, or death) [3] . Back to the clinical presentation of our case report, we thought that the patient had the diagnosis of severe COVID-19 disease, despite that swab came negative. We recommend that it is of crucial importance to select those COVID-19 patients at higher risk of PTE and practice CT pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of PTE, especially in case of significant increase of D-dimer values. cache = ./cache/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318592-08mjfs83 author = Chen, L. title = Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent-positive Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Curative Discharge: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases in Wuhan China date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 208 flesch = 54 summary = Serum COVID-19 antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive patients than in control patients (IgM: 13.69 {+/-} 4.38 vs. COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive group than those in control group, which might explain why the virus RNA RT-PCR was positive after the initial clinical cure(with three times of virus RNA RT-PCR negative). Recurrent-positive COVID-19 was defined as positive results on RT-PCR testing of a nasopharyngeal swab collected during the post-discharge isolation and observation period. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.20144873 doi: medRxiv preprint Serum samples were tested using the COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibody detection kits (chemiluminescence method) were purchased from Shenzhen Yahuilong Biotechnology Co. Ltd. In addition, the levels of COVID-19 IgG and IgM antibodies were significantly lower (P < 0.0001, P = 0.015, respectively) in the recurrent-positive group than in the control group (Table 2) . For the 14 recurrent-positive patients who were transferred from other hospitals after being discharged, no COVID-19 IgG and IgM data were available. cache = ./cache/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318458-jadk2qbm author = Jung, Chan-Young title = Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of COVID-19: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3657 sentences = 219 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We examined the association between BMI level and the risk of COVID-19 infection in a nationwide case-control study comprised of 3,788 case patients confirmed with COVID-19 between January 24 and April 9, 2020 and 15,152 controls matched by age and sex, who were aged 20 years or more and underwent National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) health examinations between 2015−2017, using data from the Korean NHIS with linkage to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, comorbidity, laboratory and medication data, there was a graded association between higher BMI levels and higher risk of COVID-19 infection; compared to normal weight individuals, the adjusted ORs in the overweight and obese individuals were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39), respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318378-omsc9a8k author = Chen, Lian title = Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3229 sentences = 193 flesch = 49 summary = 7 Gestational weeks of infection, the maturity of the fetus, disease severity and postpartum exacerbation make the management of severe and critically ill cases of pregnant women with Covid-19 more difficult. 14 In a recently published article from New York City, 15 Breslin et al reported that among 43 pregnant women confirmed with Covid-19, the estimated rate of severe maternal disease approximated that of the non-pregnant population at 9.3%. Another report from Iran 17 still described 9 critically ill patients infected with Covid-19, of which 7 cases of maternal deaths and 4 cases of pregnancy loss (stillbirth or neonatal death). Based on the above limited reports, we learned that for some severe cases, after the onset of disease, they may progress to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care, even result in maternal death within a very short time (1 to 2 weeks). cache = ./cache/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318483-il5aq8py author = Perez Gaxiola, G. title = Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series in Sinaloa date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1758 sentences = 125 flesch = 54 summary = Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic, and of children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital. Although the prevalence of COVID-19 in childhood represents a low percentage of the totality of reported cases, varying between 0.8% and 2.7% (9) (10) (11) , the number of children that may become affected and the different clinical presentation of the disease compared to the adult population (4, 12) may be a challenge for pediatricians and general practitioners. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic in the region, and of a subset of those children admitted with COVID-19 to Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital (Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa "Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico", HPS). This case series describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first three months of the pandemic in the state of Sinaloa. cache = ./cache/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318370-l2fdd4zt author = Wittayanakorn, Nunthasiri title = COVID-19’s Impact on Neurosurgical Training in Southeast Asia date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3216 sentences = 231 flesch = 53 summary = Methods We conducted an online survey among neurosurgery residents in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 22 to 31 May 2020 using Google Forms. In this study, we aimed to describe the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on neurosurgical training in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The following data were collected: country of origin, residency training information (name of institution and year level), changes in neurosurgical department activities due to (emergency and elective surgeries, outpatient clinics, conferences, research activities), ongoing educational activities and availability of resources to support online learning, as well as information relevant to health worker safety (availability of personal protective equipment This is a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical training and education in Southeast Asia. During the pandemic, a higher percentage of neurosurgery residents from Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore continued to perform surgeries for brain tumors, spinal cord tumors, and degenerative diseases of the spine. cache = ./cache/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318369-y3wtfqrn author = Pan, Lingai title = How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1246 sentences = 101 flesch = 53 summary = title: How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital This is the experience of our radiology department's protocols during the outbreak, we used this protocol to cope with the COVID-19 in Sichuan Province， besides，there is zero infection for health workers during the whole epidemic. How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic： Experience from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Currently, the COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic is spreading worldwide. According to reports from other centers, there were 30 cases of medical staff infection in a hospital in Wuhan from January 10 to 30, 2020, because there was no protection or improper protection [5] . In the current report, we aim to share the experience of our radiology department's protocols during the COVID-19 outbreak (Figure 1 ). 1)High-risk patients: special examination channel and room should be arranged for fever outpatients, fix the separate devices (DR, CT) and medical staff responsible for examination. cache = ./cache/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318655-i9kv7bph author = Lu, Zhenzhen title = A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3945 sentences = 255 flesch = 58 summary = title: A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects Through the real-data of COVID-19 from January 23 to March 18, 2020, this paper proposes a fractional SEIHDR model based on the coupling effect of inter-city networks. At the same time, the proposed model considers the mortality rates (exposure, infection and hospitalization) and the infectivity of individuals during the incubation period. Afterward, the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] , which provide a theoretical basis for the future control of COVID-19. To incorporate the time fractional order and the coupling effect between cities, a SEIHDR epidemic model is established to study the dynamic behavior of COVID-19. From the analysis made above, a fractional inter-city network SEIHDR epidemic model is constructed as follows: Then, the basic reproduction number and the fractional order can be seen from Table 2 , which suggests that the epidemic model of Italy, America and Japan will not disappear in a short time. cache = ./cache/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318542-785hnh19 author = Leeson, Cale E. title = Systematic Review: Safety of Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2670 sentences = 146 flesch = 44 summary = In this review, we aim to summarize what is known about the immunologic mechanisms of COVID-19, the current recommendations, mechanisms of action and adverse effects of intravesical BCG in bladder cancer and determine if This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Ahmed Kotb drahmedfali@gmail.com intravesical BCG is safe in patients that are suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. We reviewed relevant articles focusing on the mechanism of action of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy, including systemic outcomes and side effects from intravesical treatment, and its safety and efficacy in immunocompromised patients or those with acute immunological disorders. Search terms included "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" combined with "immune response", "intravesical BCG" combined with "bladder cancer", "urothelial carcinoma", "adverse events", "side effects", "mechanism of action", "immunocompromised" and "immunological disease". With knowledge of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the risk for severe complications such as ARDS, it is necessary to review the side effects of intravesical treatment in an attempt to determine its safety in COVID-19 and immunocompromised patients. cache = ./cache/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318457-k5kkd5qp author = Yoganathan, Anusha title = Cardiovascular disease and the impact of COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 251 sentences = 22 flesch = 48 summary = key: cord-318457-k5kkd5qp cord_uid: k5kkd5qp It is, by now, well established that patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension or ischemic heart disease, are more vulnerable and at risk from severe complications due to COVID-19. One of the most important pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is lying in its affinity to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or utilization of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Several studies have reported equivocal outcomes in using ACEi and ARBs in patients with COVID-19, whether they were using ACEi/ARBs before contracting COVID-19 or they were initiated/suspended during the course of the infection; yet there is lack of robust evidence supporting the use or discontinuation of RAAS medications. Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318634-crjg72fj author = Weiss, Pnina G. title = Leading Change to Address the Needs and Well-being of Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2348 sentences = 137 flesch = 40 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. Transforming education to effectively respond to trainee well-being needs requires leadership, and we use Kotter's 8 step change management model as an example of a framework to effectively lead change. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders, as stewards of trainee well-being and the educational mission, 1 to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. Kotter's 8 step change management framework can offer guidance on HOW to effectively lead change during the COVID-19 pandemic: establish a sense of urgency, form a powerful guiding coalition, create a vision, communicate the vision, empower others to act on the vision, plan for and create short-term wins, consolidate improvement and produce more change, and institutionalize new approaches ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318694-370ccaoc author = Khanna, Niharika title = Utilizing the Learning Health System Adaptation to guide Family Medicine Practice to COVID-19 response date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1613 sentences = 85 flesch = 44 summary = We examined Learning Health System guidance from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine and adapted it to our primary care practice to create an efficient, effective, adaptive response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The DFCM reviewed the principles of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAM) learning health system guidance, which recommend that each patient received care that was personal, safe, effective, equitable, efficient, accessible, transparent, adaptive and secure. A series of decisions lead to ultimate success: the first decision was for the clinical sites to stay open throughout the pandemic; the creation of a nimble leadership team of individuals who did not hesitate to lead their domains into the unknown; the creation of methods of data sharing and dissemination; leveraging infrastructure supports through the health system and information technology infrastructure; access to elite COVID-19 testing platforms; billing process updates, the decision to enforce active patient panel management by faculty and staff. cache = ./cache/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318701-f9j13fsc author = Chamboredon, P. title = COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4674 sentences = 224 flesch = 51 summary = On 12 March 2020, when WHO declared the status of a pandemic concerning the novel coronavirus (WHO 2020e), crisis measures were taken by the President of the French Republic (2020a) and his government, to control the epidemic and manage the health situation, namely, the closure of the nurseries, schools and universities for users as of 16 March 2020 ; the introduction of short-time work hours for employees whose companies cannot carry out their activities and of teleworking for all employees who have this possibility of adjusting the exercise of their profession (Ministry of Solidarity & Health 2020c). The health context made it possible to create the first telecare procedure related to the management of patients with COVID-19 by home nurses during the period of the state of health emergency (High Authority of Health 2020; Prime Minister of the French Government 2020c). cache = ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318599-drvjr7gq author = Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph title = Note: Mayday, Mayday, Mayday! Responding to environmental shocks: Insights on global airlines’ responses to COVID-19 date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5024 sentences = 243 flesch = 46 summary = Using the global airline industry, the analysis delineates a host of internally generated and externally imposed firms' strategic and tactical responses to the pandemic including in-flight service changes, flight cancellations, seeking emergency aids and financial supports, and firm closures. The analysis demonstrates that in responding to the crisis, many airlines sought to minimise erosion of long-developed knowledge, market capabilities, route networks, access to airports, customer base and relationships/trust with customers prior to COVID-19 to equip them for recovery. Past studies have demonstrated that timing is a key resource which can grant an organisation a first-or late-mover advantage in the face of crisis Montgomery, 1988, 1998; Makadok, 1998) and can also be harnessed in devising suitable responses by firms to environment-altering events (Grzymala-Busse, 2011). It is, therefore, expected that firms may be motivated to embrace internally initiated as well as externally imposed responses to develop new relationships with political actors to secure access to financial and political resources in both the short term and long term to ensure survival of their businesses. cache = ./cache/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318675-lrrro5g9 author = KARIMI, S. M. title = Spring Weather and COVID-19 Deaths in the U.S. date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9927 sentences = 596 flesch = 57 summary = This study used statistically robust regression models to control for a large set of confounders (including county-level time-invariant factors and time trends, regional-level daily variation, state-level social distancing measures, ultraviolet light, and levels of ozone and fine particulate matter, PM2.5) to estimate a reliable rather than simple regression for the impact of weather on the most accurately measured outcome of COVID-19, death. The estimates from the first model, which include U.S.-level day fixed-effects, show that a 1°F increase in the five-day average of the daily minimum temperature was associated with a 3.8% increase in adult COVID-19 deaths in a typical U.S. county during the study period. According to the estimates from the specification with the preferred set of time-constant and time-varying controls but without other weather elements and air pollutants, Model (4), a 1°F increase in the five-day minimum temperature was associated with a 2.4% increase in county-level COVID-19 deaths during the study period ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318417-jfqnepzy author = Koay, Hui-Fern title = An unconventional view of COVID-19 T cell immunity date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1531 sentences = 73 flesch = 49 summary = Early studies identified an immune signature associated with severe COVID-19 disease, including lymphopenia (Tan et al., 2020) ; excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF (Chen et al., 2020a; Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020) ; and extensive activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, which include B and T cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocytes (Kuri-Cervantes et al., 2020) . These findings are in line with other recent studies that have reported altered frequencies and function of MAIT (Kuri-Cervantes et al., 2020; Parrot et al., 2020) , NKT, and γδT cells (Odak et al., 2020; Rijkers et al., 2020) in severe COVID-19 patients. It is possible that unconventional cells are activated in a TCR-independent manner as a result of the hyper-inflammatory cytokine milieu during disease, as suggested by unchanged TCR levels on MAIT and NKT cells (Jouan et al., 2020) . Numbers of NKT, MAIT, and γδT cells decreased in peripheral blood and are found in lung aspirates with heightened levels of activation as measured by CD69 and PD-1 during severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318697-6o0i4gir author = Armitage, Richard title = Whistleblowing and patient safety during COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 547 sentences = 33 flesch = 39 summary = It has been rightly noted that health workers globally must be able to speak out during COVID-19, allowing them to draw public attention to inadequate PPE supplies and unsafe working conditions, while being protected from censorship, attack, government intimidation, harassment, and arrest [1] . Health service whistleblowing procedures that are secure and robust are of paramount importance to patient safety, and must be strengthened and protected during COVID-19. The degree to which COVID-19 has necessitated the rapid redesign and redeployment of health systems, services, staff, and research globally has created clinical environments in which patient safety, care, and dignity could be threatened. Without timely, secure, and effective whistleblowing procedures, these conditions may lead to unsafe working environments, poor clinical care, and significant harm to both patients and staff. Such measures are essential to protect the human rights of these irreplaceable health workers [1] , and to safeguard patient safety, clinical care, and human dignity. cache = ./cache/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318681-enq0j6dr author = Kim, Je Hyeong title = Experience of augmenting critical care capacity in Daegu during COVID-19 incident in South Korea date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2704 sentences = 111 flesch = 43 summary = To establish a system for transferring and treat critically ill patients to other regions, KSCCM started to identify available ICU beds for COVID-19 critically ill patients and contact and discuss with the relevant government authorities [3] . After arriving at Daegu Dongsan Hospital, the medical team held a meeting with hospital officials to find out the current status of intensive care such as the number of critically ill patients and medical staffs, the size of ICUs, beds, facilities, and equipment. This medical collaboration is an unprecedented case in which local hospitals, professional medical staffs from an academic society, national medical institutions, private medical institutions, a healthcare NGO, and the Community Chest of Korea established a cooperative system to augment critical care capacity to treat critically ill patients in the face of disaster caused by a new infectious disease. cache = ./cache/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318492-uu1p1rgi author = Mansueto, Gelsomina title = COVID-19: Brief Check Point Through The Pathologist's Eye (autopsy archive) date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1971 sentences = 100 flesch = 41 summary = The autopsy data are few and the aspects often observed are pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); these aspects are not only in COVID-19 but also in other viral infections and associated sepsis. In this brief summary, I would like to induce the reader's reflection to the fact that coronavirus appears already before the pandemic in many texts of medical doctrine and that the pathological findings related to lung and multi-organ damage are described similar to those induced by other viral pathogens both from the same or different family. The autopsy pathologists can confirm that many deaths are due to complications from viral infections especially in subjects with comorbidities and they can also confirm that the aspects often observed are diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), cardiac damage from myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or even disseminated intra-vascular coagulation (DIC); these findings are also present in sepsis associated with various viral infections. cache = ./cache/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318808-1cfwj5uq author = Li, Ying title = Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1656 sentences = 111 flesch = 55 summary = title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years Abstract Background Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, considerable attention has been paid on its epidemiology and clinical characteristics in children patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the different clinical Page 5 of 15 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 presentations between patients with infected with COVID-19 pneumonia versus influenza A pneumonia, to provide some recommendations for their differential diagnosis. Our present study revealed that COVID-19 manifested as mild, severe pneumonia were less than influenza A patients. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients were mild not only in clinical symptoms but also in laboratory examinations which including lymphocyte, CRP, PCT, D-dimer in the children under 5 years. cache = ./cache/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318773-nmsr1ga1 author = Blanco-Colino, Ruth title = Authors’ response to: About the scientific letter «Suspicion of an acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infectio» date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 609 sentences = 45 flesch = 48 summary = The original title of the accepted publication was Abdominal bloating and gastrointestinal symptoms as an extrapulmonary manifestation in a COVID-19+ patient, which was later replaced with Suspected Acute Abdomen (...), after review by the Editorial Committee. 1 The patient was referred to our hospital from Primary Care in order to rule out acute abdomen, at which time the patient was triaged to our General Surgery Emergency Unit. The presentation of lymphopenia and elevated PCR on the laboratory tests were signs to suspect a poor COVID-19 prognosis, 3 requiring a differential diagnosis with other pathologies such as sepsis of abdominal origin. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Lung Base Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Abdominal CT in Patients With Predominant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Gastrointestinal Symptoms and COVID-19: Case-Control Study from the United States cache = ./cache/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318737-b32tk5ze author = Stickley, Andrew title = COVID-19 preventive behaviours among people with anxiety and depressive symptoms: Findings from Japan date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1604 sentences = 94 flesch = 49 summary = Information was obtained on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours, and anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Results In models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, anxiety (Coefficient: -0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.30,-0.24) and depressive symptoms (Coefficient: -0.82, 95%CI: -1.34,-0.30) were both associated with significantly lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. 3 Support for the notion that CMDs might be associated with increased engagement in preventive behaviours also comes from another study from Hong Kong, which recently found that people with symptoms of anxiety were more likely to adopt social distancing measures in response to the threat of COVID-19. 5 The current study will examine the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of the Japanese general population. In the second analysis the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and each of the individual preventive behaviours was examined using binomial logistic regression. cache = ./cache/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318756-yln4htof author = Naderi, Nasim title = Cardiovascular patients in COVID‐19 era, a case series, an experience from a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tehran, Iran date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3021 sentences = 187 flesch = 51 summary = A 55-year-old man with compressive angina, fever, and dyspnea but no cough and myalgia and reported history of close contact with a COVID-19-positive patient is presented. He was ready for discharge after a negative RT-PCR, 2 days after the second chest CT; however, he developed severe angina with identical ECG changes and a CTn-I of >50 µg/L; thus, the patient was emergently transferred to catheterization laboratory (Cath-Lab), where his selective coronary angiography revealed three-vessel disease ( Figure 1 -Panel C). A 61-year-old man with acute-onset angina chest pain without fever, a sore throat, dyspnea, cough, myalgia, and no history of close contact with a COVID-19-positive patient is presented. Regardless of many clinicians' concerns about susceptibility to coronavirus in those patients who are taking ACEIs or ARBS, observational studies have not provided convincing data on whether these drugs have potentially beneficial or harmful effects on COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318866-3arxrm8m author = Magnano, M. title = Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 694 sentences = 52 flesch = 52 summary = The management of psoriatic patients under biologics during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is of great concern, as well as the outcome of the COronaVirus DIsease (COVID-19) in this population. On a pool of 720 psoriatic patients followed by our 3 referral centers for severe psoriasis, we registered 9 swab-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Table 1) . 1 , who concluded that, despite the cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities affecting psoriatic patients and also representing risk factors for severe COVID-19, patients seldom required hospitalization. 2 The appropriateness of withdrawing biologic therapies preventively in psoriatic patients is still debated and it is also unclear whether their use influences the course of COVID-19 or not. 4 The psoriatic population treated with biologic therapies is on average young 5 , since elderly patients with multiple comorbidities are usually excluded from systemic treatments. Although this case series is limited, we evidenced that ARDS can represent a complication also in patients under biologics. cache = ./cache/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318757-po0zpvw5 author = Beig, Gufran title = COVID-19 and Environmental -Weather Markers: Unfolding Baseline Levels and Veracity of Linkages in Tropical India date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2003 sentences = 120 flesch = 59 summary = Although there are numerous confounding 33 factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline 34 PM 2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be 35 considered as one of the critical factors. Although there are numerous confounding 33 factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline 34 PM 2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be 35 considered as one of the critical factors. Present work tends to suggest a 336 significant rise in the fatality in people with underlying conditions because of chronic 337 exposure to baseline air pollution levels rather than averaged ambient air pollution levels for 338 PM 2.5 and shown in Figure 1 To understand the association of COVID-19 with weather and climatological parameters, the 360 correlation study has been done in the present work. cache = ./cache/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318817-95tw84z8 author = Hubner, C. v. K. title = Distress among Brazilian university students due to the Covid-19 pandemic: survey results and reflections date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2073 sentences = 118 flesch = 54 summary = The main objective of the study was based on the application of CPDI, in order to identify the health and well-being of Brazilian students from different undergraduate courses at the Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo (PUC/SP) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to test the hypothesis that medical students suffer more than students from other courses. The word distress represents an act or effect of suffering, physical pain, anguish, affliction, bitterness, patience and resignation 16 The main objective of the study was based on the application of the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index, in order to identify the health and well-being of Brazilian students from different undergraduate courses at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC/SP) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to test the hypothesis that medical students suffer more than students from other courses. cache = ./cache/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318831-hocenr09 author = Ahluwalia, Amrit S. title = Bilateral Pneumothoraces as Possible Atypical Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1317 sentences = 87 flesch = 46 summary = However, in this report, we describe a possible rare presentation of COVID-19 involving tension pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium requiring emergent intervention in an otherwise healthy young adult. The first reported case was a 38-year-old man from Wuhan diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who, while on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), developed mediastinal emphysema, giant bulla, and pneumothorax with first appearance on HD eleven [2] . Another case involved a 38-year-old man from Wuhan admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia who developed exertional angina on HD eleven and imaging revealing spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema [3] . Similarly, a 62-year-old man being treated for COVID-19 pneumonia had worsening dyspnea on HD twenty, and he was found to have right-sided pneumothorax in combination with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema [4] . Individuals with as few as three days of symptoms may present with pneumomediastinum, bilateral pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema related to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318871-ffyavhm0 author = Sy, K. T. L. title = Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2515 sentences = 154 flesch = 55 summary = title: Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery We aimed to compare the risk and survival time of death and recovery among COVID-19 patients with and without TB. The primary analysis estimated the risk ratios of death and recovery comparing COVID-19 patients with and without TB. Our findings reiterate the need to prioritize routine and testing services for tuberculosis, even with increased disruptions to health systems during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Most research on the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen have been conducted in highincome countries, and studies suggest worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients with other respiratory diseases in these countries, such as COPD (11, 12) and asthma (13) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20154575 doi: medRxiv preprint created a propensity score matched subsample of only admitted COVID-19 patients, and conducted the same analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318755-fip8wj6y author = El Kassas, Mohamed title = Liver transplantation in the era of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4268 sentences = 221 flesch = 38 summary = Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. Although healthcare facilities are overwhelmed with management of COVID-19 patients & health resources are being rapidly consumed, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), recommended against postponing transplantation. Patients with advanced liver disease and those after LTX represent vulnerable patient cohorts with an increased risk of infection and/or a severe course of COVID-19 Because of the immunosuppressed state they have [59] . Available data on coronavirus before and during outbreaks suggest that immunosuppressed patients are not at increased risk of severe pulmonary disease compared to the general population; however, immunosuppression may prolong viral shedding in post-transplant patients with COVID-19 if they are already infected [36, 60] . cache = ./cache/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318879-4ual2ssa author = Kaveh-Yazdy, Fatemeh title = Track Iran's National COVID-19 Response Committee’s Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6255 sentences = 383 flesch = 57 summary = title: Track Iran's National COVID-19 Response Committee's Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling The topic modeling and tracking are utilized in a two-stage framework, which is customized for this problem to separate miscellaneous sentences from those presenting concerns. The remained sentences are vectorized, adopting Tf-IDF weighting schema in the second stage and topically modeled by the LDA method. Disease-related text mining researches with respect to their application can be divided into four primary groups as follows, 1-Outbreak monitoring and prediction 2-Infodemic and misinformation detection 3-Social/public concern detection 4-Control Disease Centers response analyzing We collect news posts, including quotes made by members of the NCRC, and then group them to select a major part of the sentences covering similar topics. In this article, we used a two-stage framework to group, select, and cluster the sentences expressing concerns of Iran's NCRC. cache = ./cache/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318821-m8vx0wgs author = Jombart, T. title = Real-time monitoring of COVID-19 dynamics using automated trend fitting and anomaly detection date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6947 sentences = 351 flesch = 51 summary = Our approach relies on automatically selecting the best (fitting or predicting) model from a range of user-defined time series models, excluding the most recent data points, to characterise the main trend in an incidence. ASMODEE first identifies past temporal trends using automated model selection, and then uses outlier detection inspired by classical Shewhart control-charts to signal recent anomalous data points. COVID-19 incidence dynamics were simulated using a branching process model with realistic estimates of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) and serial interval, under four scenarios: steady state (Rt close to 1), relapse, lockdown and flare-up following low levels of transmission. These values may need to be adjusted over time to ensure optimal detection of changes in temporal trends, and to balance the need for the calibration window to contain sufficient data points to fit the most complex time series model considered. cache = ./cache/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318858-x8p0n6r3 author = Hope, Michael D title = A role for CT in COVID-19? What data really tell us so far date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 80 flesch = 58 summary = Radiologists have watched the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfold, wondering if and how imaging could be useful for diagnosis. They found that 97% of cases with RT-PCR-confirmed diagnoses had CT findings of pneumonia, and conclude, "CT imaging has high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19". Although it is too early to assess the strength of the COVID-19 response in Africa, African countries, despite limited resources, have also adopted measures worth imitating, such as simplified triage strategies 3 and proactive screening (Uganda), handwashing stations at transport hubs (Rwanda), WhatsApp chatbots providing reliable information and rapid testing diagnostics (Senegal), and volunteer-staffed call centres and celebrity campaigns to promote responsible actions during the pandemic (Nigeria). If COVID-19 is suspected, patients should be isolated pending confirmation with (multiple) RT-PCR tests, or until quarantine has lapsed. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318906-p7wb6kjd author = Changzheng, He title = How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID‐19 epidemic? A retrospective single‐center analysis based on real‐world data from China date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2043 sentences = 106 flesch = 50 summary = To date we've carried out several measures and put forward a Chinese expert consensus on surgical diagnosis and treatment strategies for CRC patients during COVID-19 epidemic [12] . Firstly, several tips for outpatient management should be addressed: (1) medical staff in outpatient must wear medical surgical mask or N95 mask, as well as disposable helmet, gloves and goggles, to protect them from potential infection; (2) appointment and triage protocols should be carried out through telephone, smartphone apps or internet service and patients visit the clinic based on reservation number and recommended time, to reduce crowds gathering and lower risks of cross infection; (3) for primary-care patients, triage nurses need to measure their temperature and investigate epidemiological history including travelling to Wuhan in Hubei Province and nearby cities, meeting with people who have been in those areas, and contact with confirmed or suspected cases within 14 days, as well as clinical manifestations including fever ( > 37.3℃), fatigue and respiratory symptoms like coughing. cache = ./cache/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318929-hygcbcp0 author = López-Martin, Inmaculada title = Relación entre la gravedad del Covid-19 y el estado vacunal. Resultados de una encuesta anónima entre médicos de atención primaria date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 937 sentences = 117 flesch = 64 summary = Diferentes hipótesis han especulado sobre el efecto protector frente al Covid-19 que ejerce una inmunidad entrenada por diferentes vacunas, entre las que se incluyen la vacunación con el Bacilo de Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 1 , con las vacunas de la hepatitis A, la polio y con la triple vírica ( sarampión, parotiditis y rubéola) 2 . Con el objetivo de caracterizar mejor la relación entre el estado de vacunación y la gravedad del Covid-19, diseñamos un estudio descriptivo y observacional basado en una encuesta anónima cuya muestra poblacional incluyera a médicos de atención primaria que ejercieron en Madrid durante la primera ola de la pandemia. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sobre demografía, el estado de vacunación (triple vírica, BCG y de la hepatitis B como control), el tipo de exposición, el método de diagnóstico empleado en los contagiados y la gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. En nuestro estudio la mayoría de los médicos infectados por el SARS-CoV-2 vacunados con la triple vírica (67,92%) presentaron una sintomatología leve para Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318933-09ym98hx author = Betsch, Cornelia title = Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19 date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1548 sentences = 68 flesch = 42 summary = Changes in risk perceptions or knowledge can be assessed over time; data on acceptance of new response measures can be made rapidly available; and misinformation or possible stigma can be identified as they emerge. Journalists need timely knowledge about developing audience behaviour and habits to rapidly tailor information sharing and to develop narrative tools that encourage behaviour changes according to evidence from risk communication research. In sum, rapid data collection and sharing could support effective interaction between authorities, health workers, journalists, and the public to encourage appropriate behavioural change, to manage the crisis, and to protect the most important asset in a crisis: public trust. 7 At the same time, not enough is known about the complex interplay of changing epidemiology, media attention, pandemic control measures, risk perception, and public health behaviour. COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO): monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318909-h5b7mncf author = Liguori, Claudio title = Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3476 sentences = 203 flesch = 45 summary = 7 A large retrospective analysis carried out in China on 214 patients affected by SARS-CoV2 infection confirmed that hospitalized patients complained of subjective neurological symptoms (sNS) in a 36 .4% of cases, including headache, disturbed consciousness, and paresthesia as the most frequent. This observational study, carried out in 103 patients affected by SARS-CoV2 infection, documented the high prevalence of sNS during the course of the disease, even immediately after admission to the Hospital. Although the involvement of nervous system during SARS-CoV2 infection has been extensively proposed, [10] [11] [12] few studies focused the investigation on neurological symptoms in patients with 7 The largest study examining the neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was a retrospective analysis achieved by reviewing patients' clinical charts. 15 In the present study, we performed a prospective observation in patients with non-severe respiratory form of SARS-CoV2 by using an anamnestic interview designed to better determinate the occurrence and type of sNS over the course of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318970-aiqggh6h author = Sánchez-Raya, Judith title = Spinal cord injury and COVID-19: some thoughts after the first wave date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1892 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = Some years ago, the World Health Organization established as a priority the need to help health providers and governments to ensure that people with disability such as spinal cord injury (SCI) could always access the healthcare services in emergency situations [1] . However, the remaining two have survived to date: a 57-year-old male patient with no pathological history with a C2 AIS D cervical injury, severe oropharyngeal dysphagia who required enteral nutrition with a nasogastric tube and a 41-year-old male patient with acute traumatic SCI without comorbidities and a T5 AIS B neurological level who developed acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia and presented a favorable evolution with the appropriate treatment that included support measures with administration of high concentrations of oxygen and assisted coughing techniques. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major challenge for people with SCI and for the specialized units that care for them. cache = ./cache/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318965-0mxv8h06 author = Mastnak, Wolfgang title = Psychopathological problems related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1491 sentences = 84 flesch = 40 summary = Although Brodin 1 stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed. Although Brodin 1 stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed. 3 Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global disaster, public health, education and social systems need to work together to minimise the mental sequelae in the younger generation. Depending on children's resilience and/or susceptibility to stress, this could give rise to self-protective attitudes and personality features, as well as mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorders or depressive and avoidant personality traits. cache = ./cache/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318892-1vyhsg5k author = AbdAllah, Mohamed title = Role of micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 635 sentences = 50 flesch = 48 summary = Micronutrients play an important role in enhancing the immune system, therefore, proper nutritional support of micronutrients could have a positive impact on COVID-19 outcome. Micronutrients play an important role in the immune system and subsequently could have a positive impact on COVID-19 outcome [4] . It also reduces the risk of cytokine storm through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines but unfortunately, poor sun exposure during hospital stay or home isolation may aggravates vitamin D deficiency [6] . Based on the fore-mentioned data, the nutritional state of COVID-19 patients may affects the progression and outcome of illness. According to the Egyptian guidelines for the management of COVID-19, daily supplementation of vitamin C (1gm) and zinc (50mg) is mandatory for all symptomatic cases. Proper nutrition can also play a role in prophylaxis against COVID19. More studies need to be done to improve the nutritional plans as a complementary factor for both prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine cache = ./cache/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318893-obcdapgb author = Cheng, Shao-Chung title = Author reply to Letters to the Editor “COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan” date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 293 sentences = 32 flesch = 69 summary = key: cord-318893-obcdapgb title: Author reply to Letters to the Editor "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan" cord_uid: obcdapgb Author reply to Letters to the Editor "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan" We would like to thank Joob B. for showing their interest in our article "First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan" 1 and sharing their idea selflessly on our work. We agreed with Joob B. Joob B. highlighted that COVID-19 cases might still had undetected viral shedding and still were infectious. In our case, the patient had negative results from sputum and throat for 3 times between illness day 17e23 by rRT-PCR. Nonetheless, there were cases reported from China that patient had prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding. 4 We appreciated Joob B et al. First case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Editorial: Wuhan coronavirus outbreak and imported case cache = ./cache/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318916-5lzun9bv author = Bruining, Hilgo title = COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry: an unexpected blessing for part of our population? date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1128 sentences = 54 flesch = 43 summary = The COVID-19 outbreak has brought new challenges for child psychiatry and mental health services that must be addressed, including national guidelines covering interventions for major public health crises affecting children [8] . In this context, the crisis may provide a unique window of opportunity to test long-standing hypotheses on modern life stressors and mental health problems or psychiatric pathogenesis and well-being in developing children and adolescents [9, 10] . Therefore, we argue that the research agendas currently laid out to register and understand the negative effects of COVID-19 on child and adolescent (mental) health should also include the perspective of children and families who are benefitting from the societal changes. Hypotheses on both positive and negative responses of children and families to this crisis should be developed to understand the full breadth of impact on modern daily life routines and environments in future post COVID-19 times. cache = ./cache/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318944-13zk6cco author = Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title = Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11691 sentences = 617 flesch = 50 summary = The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (prevs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The precautions for infection control require wearing gloves, aprons, as well as eye and mouth protection (goggles and mask, such as medical masks and Filtering Face Piece or FPP) for each procedure involving direct contact with the patient body fluids. cache = ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318976-ptutkd6o author = Gul, Fahad title = Meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection with versus without gastrointestinal symptoms date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1550 sentences = 90 flesch = 50 summary = Searching the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, we included any studies looking at patients with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) compared to those with COVID-19 but without gastrointestinal manifestations as a control group. Seven studies were identified but three were excluded: one due to lack of a control group without gastrointestinal symptoms, one reported as viral RNA in the stool, and one with only non-critically ill patients. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled odds ratio for mortality among those with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal symptoms of 0.91 (confidence interval 0.49–1.68) with heterogeneity of 0% and a pooled odds ratio for acute respiratory distress syndrome of 2.94 (confidence interval 1.17–7.40) with heterogeneity of 0%. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the current associations of GI symptoms to outcomes of mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318983-rmvqf6s9 author = SCHMIDT, HARALD title = Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2883 sentences = 143 flesch = 56 summary = In addition, when supplies are "insufficient for patients in the highest risk categories-those over 60 years of age or with coexisting conditions-then equality supports using random selection, such as a lottery, for vaccine allocation." 13 Younger people, whom the overall framework otherwise generally favors (as they stand to gain more life years, and societal investments such as education would otherwise be wasted) should be prioritized only if "epidemiologic modeling shows that this would be the best way to reduce viral spread and the risk to others." 14 Using a lottery for allocating scare vaccines in the general population, as proposed here, is one way of treating people equally, and it is certainly superior to a first-come-firstserved approach (or, perhaps more accurately, a let-me-usemy-connections-and-pointy-middle-class-elbows approach) that likely explains why better-off and whiter groups typically get tested more frequently for Covid-19 than lowerincome people and people of color, as noted above. cache = ./cache/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318938-7d731q65 author = Wallentin, Lars title = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4630 sentences = 229 flesch = 43 summary = In unadjusted analyses and after adjustment for clinical variables and medical treatment, male sex, diabetes, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and age were consistently associated with higher sACE2 levels in both cohorts ( Figure 3A ; Supplementary material online, Table S2 ). The results showed that higher levels of sACE2 were associated with male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age, which are also the main risk factors for complications and mortality of COVID-19 infections. The indication that male sex and clinical or biomarker indicators of biological ageing, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes might be associated with a specific mechanism leading to higher risk of more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection might be useful for risk stratification concerning COVID-19. The close association between biomarkers and the sACE2 level suggests that biological ageing and cardiovascular disease and dysfunction might lead to increased ACE2 expression and a potentially higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 binding and more severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318980-8cclwzob author = Dindarloo, Kavoos title = Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4526 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of disinfectants use within outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate their adverse effects on the consumer's health. Health tips to prevent the spread of COVID-19 include regular hand washing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, full cooking, avoiding close contact with a person who has symptoms of a respiratory illness such as cough and sneezing, and disinfecting surfaces [2] . Repeated use of sodium hypochlorite bleach with inappropriate concentrations can cause damage Fig. 3 The surfaces disinfected by participants to the skin of the hands and respiratory problems for these people. Alcohol-based solutions and sodium hypochlorite bleach are the most widely used disinfectants by participants after the outbreak of Coronavirus. Advices to use methanol instead of ethanol for disinfecting hands and surfaces and drink alcohol to remove the virus from the body were those that have led to poisoning, blindness and even death in some people. cache = ./cache/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319007-w3pk3ha1 author = Zingaropoli, Maria Antonella title = Major reduction of NKT cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3834 sentences = 194 flesch = 48 summary = Conclusions: The low percentage of NKT cells in peripheral blood of COVID-19 subjects and the independent association with the severity of the disease suggests a potential role of this subset. The increase of PMN/T ratio and the reduction in the percentages of T cells, CD3+CD8+ cells and NKT cells resulted independently associated to the severity of the disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (Table 4) . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that characterized NK populations according to CD56 expression and that investigated NKT cells in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia correlating these subsets to clinical parameters and severity of the disease. (30) , in COVID-19 subjects we observed a significant lower percentage of NKT cells compared to HDs. We reported also the same finding in the severe group compared to the non-severe one. cache = ./cache/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319066-jdvvegp9 author = Bressan, Silvia title = Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4024 sentences = 193 flesch = 47 summary = Preparedness and response were defined, based on consensus of the research team, as organizational and operational actions taken by EDs to face the pandemic, including contingency plans, training, screening of suspected cases, surge capacity, availability and use of personal protective equipment, ED infection control measure, care pathways and management of suspected cases, health professionals safety and sustainability of care. Adjustments implemented to best manage suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients included cancellation of planned activity (i.e. outpatient visits, surgery or hospital admissions) in 90% or more of participating centers; reorganization of beds in other pediatric wards in 75%, and telemedicine in nearly 70%. Infection control measures were more consistently reported in the survey, including re-arrangement of ED patient flow, changing of staff work shift to optimize resource utilization, reduction in the number of care givers allowed with the child and home quarantine for confirmed COVID-19 pediatric cases fit for discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319013-oytqcifa author = Focosi, Daniele title = Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7474 sentences = 335 flesch = 41 summary = In the first retrospective, randomized controlled trial published to date, 39 patients in New York with severe COVID-19 were transfused with 2 units of ABO-type matched CP with anti-Spike antibody titers of Ն1:320 (measured by a two-step Spike proteindirected ELISA). CP (9 to 13 ml/kg from donors with S-RBD IgG titer of Ն1:640) was associated with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at 72 h in 87.2% of the CP group versus 37.5% of the BSC group, but clinical improvement at 28 days was statistically different only in patients with severe, but not in life-threatening, disease (104) . Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318994-1xngjndu author = Lier, Audun J. title = Case Report: Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1966 sentences = 130 flesch = 42 summary = We report a case of a COVID-19 patient who developed disseminated strongyloidiasis following treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and tocilizumab. Screening for Strongyloides infection should be pursued in individuals with COVID-19 who originate from endemic regions before initiating immunosuppressive therapy. This report describes the clinical features of a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis infection and polymicrobial bacteremia in an individual who received immunosuppressive treatment for COVID-19. 11 Given our patient's epidemiologic risk factor and development of Gram-negative bacteremia, the clinical diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis was further supported. The initial Strongyloides serology on hospital day 21 was negative, but the repeat was positive on day 38. 8 This case highlights important considerations when using immunosuppressive therapies for COVID-19 treatment, particularly in patients with risk factors for prior Strongyloides infection. Clinical suspicion for disseminated strongyloidiasis should be maintained in patients from endemic areas who develop Gram-negative sepsis or meningitis. cache = ./cache/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319091-hkuc2xqm author = Loscocco, Giuseppe G. title = Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 617 sentences = 33 flesch = 44 summary = In a Letter to the Editor published online on May 12 on International Journal of Hematology [1] , Prof Takami exposed, competently, the possibility to treat secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) in COVID-19 patients with low-dose etoposide. The main point, as speculated by the author, is the potential use of low-dose etoposide to restore immunological homeostasis by depleting activated Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and suppressing their production of inflammatory cytokines, which reduces the activity of macrophages and leads to the elimination of activated macrophages and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by newly activated CTLs. This interesting hypothesis is based (as written by the author) on a recent report by Mehta and colleagues [2] in which "all 35 patients with severe COVID-19 showed hemophagocytosis on bone marrow (BM) aspirates, cytopenia of two or more lineages, and increased serum ferritin levels (≥ 2000 ng/mL)". Possible role of low-dose etoposide therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319022-1twsxzcd author = Desai, Antonio title = The role of anti-hypertensive treatment, comorbidities and early introduction of LMWH in the setting of COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study in Northern Italy() date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2874 sentences = 132 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: There is a great deal of debate about the role of cardiovascular comorbidities and the chronic use of antihypertensive agents (such as ACE-I and ARBs) on mortality on COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of chronic treatment with ACE-I or ARBs and other clinical predictors on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. As for today, there are discordant results regarding the use of either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) as for their possible impact on COVID-19 mortality. We found that ACE-I, which acts by inhibiting the conversion from angiotensin I to angiotensin II, showed a trend in protecting from mortality from COVID-19 and was significant in delaying mortality as shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis unlike ARBs, which antagonize the effects of angiotensin II on its receptors 2,3 . Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author = Brazil, Victoria title = Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3382 sentences = 166 flesch = 37 summary = We describe our strategy development and context, simulation delivery activities and outcomes and offer principles and practical suggestions for how simulation can directly and rapidly respond to urgent need for health service transformation. Turning the promise of simulation into reality for COVID-19 preparation requires a translational approacha simulation program that is attuned to emerging priorities, has strong relationships with clinicians and service leadership and with the skills and capacity to apply (or develop) simulation strategies to address those issues. The program includes educationally focused simulation but extends to 'in situ' simulation in clinical areas designed for translational impact-diagnosing and addressing important process and teamwork issues in patient care. Our experience with using simulation for COVID-19 pandemic preparation has sharped reflection on the role of simulation in health service performance and change management, albeit in a unique and urgent context. cache = ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319089-hxpoy4gd author = Du, Li title = Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2219 sentences = 150 flesch = 51 summary = title: Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide. METHODS: Two independent reviewers will conduct comprehensively searches in PubMed, EMBASE.com, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang Database, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: a systematic review with meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319269-20sn3yxt author = Li, Chunrong title = The Prevention and Control Experience of Maternal Health Care from Chengu, China During the COVID-19 Epidemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2356 sentences = 118 flesch = 47 summary = In Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province, several management measures, which have been proven to be effective, are taken to prevent pregnant women from being infected with COVID-19. Thirdly, a group of experts in Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Hospital Infection Management supervise the implementation of the COVID-19 health care services for pregnant women in primary care institutes. In the global pandemic scenario, however, effective implementation of management measures is very important to prevent pregnant women from being infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Starting from 26 January 2020, the information of pregnant women (including basic information, expected delivery date, high-risk situations and medical isolation period) who have come from areas such as Hubei, Chongqing, Japan, and Korea, who have had close contact with suspected or confirmed cases, are suspected or confirmed cases, is collected and submitted promptly by the primary health care workers, so as to provide an information basis for the city to fight COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318979-1t68f5pp author = Kihira, Shingo title = Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 335 sentences = 30 flesch = 44 summary = key: cord-318979-1t68f5pp title: Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 cord_uid: 1t68f5pp Over the next 4 days his condition improved. Emergent decannulation was performed and a head CT (Fig. 1 ) revealed a large acute right anterior and middle cerebral artery territory infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left hemisphere. Neurologic exam demonstrated Fig. 1 Axial non-contrast head CT in a 5-year-old boy with recent COVID-19 infection demonstrates massive right anterior and middle cerebral artery infarction (asterisk) and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left hemisphere (arrows) absent corneal, gag and pupillary responses and no movement to painful stimuli. This is an unfortunate case of a healthy 5-year-old boy with COVID-19 infection complicated by cardiogenic shock and hypercoagulable state. The combination of cardiogenic shock and hypercoagulable state presumably contributed to the massive cerebral infarction, with the contributing role of ECMO cannulation uncertain. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit. cache = ./cache/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author = French, Jeff title = Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6355 sentences = 357 flesch = 40 summary = This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. The paper explores key issues that relevant organizations must address and summarizes best practices that should be addressed when developing behavioral influence strategies to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines effectively, efficiently, and ethically as they become available. Governments and their public health agencies need to develop a dialogue and joint strategy with social media platform providers to review and action against anti-vaccination misinformation and vaccine hesitancy promotion. Public health authorities need to build a proactive COVID-19 vaccine trust capacity for active engagement in the social media space as part of their overall promotional strategy [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319268-mqxwwwcd author = Raj, Sumit title = Letter to the Editor Regarding: “Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC” date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 906 sentences = 67 flesch = 48 summary = title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: "Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC" Letter to the Editor Regarding: "Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC" W e read the article by Dowlati et al., 1 in which the authors shared their thought-provoking observations to determine the risk of a neurosurgical patient becoming infected with coronavirus disease 2019 in the perioperative period and the effect of COVID-19 on the neurosurgical case volumes. The results and findings from their study have shown that a real risk of perioperative transmission exists and have summarized how the current COVID-19 pandemic has been changing the neurosurgical caseload patterns. Case volumes and perioperative COVID-19 incidence in neurosurgical patients during a pandemic: experiences at two tertiary care centers in cache = ./cache/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319140-wxe0tpzs author = Yang, Bin title = Computed tomography findings in a case of coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1446 sentences = 87 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. The preferred imaging modality is chest computed tomography (CT) which plays an important role in early diagnosis, quarantine, and treatment as well as in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is predominantly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 that is predominantly characterized by pulmonary inflammation, but can also involve other organs. Given the similarities in the imaging findings of different viral pneumonias, however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 should be considered only after taking into account the clinical data, epidemiology, and laboratory test results, and the final diagnosis should be confirmed by pathogenic tests. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection cache = ./cache/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319113-844o9nr2 author = AL-Rasheedi, Mabrouk title = Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3573 sentences = 176 flesch = 54 summary = Objective The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the awareness of both the general public and healthcare providers in Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Results showed significant positive correlation between the recognition of high-risk groups, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease prevention and available treatments. Results showed that there were significant differences of awareness levels among different groups of age and sex in response to the identification of COVID-19 treatment. Results showed significant positive correlation between high risk groups recognition, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease spread prevention and COVID-19 available treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the awareness of healthcare professionals and the general public regarding COVID-19 in Qassim region, kingdom Saudi Arabia with focusing on both general awareness and detailed information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has sought to evaluate COVID-19 awareness in Saudi healthcare professionals and the general public in Qassim region. cache = ./cache/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319278-d0rgrmd2 author = Iavarone, Massimo title = Authors’ reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 633 sentences = 38 flesch = 55 summary = title: Authors' reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 So far, no studies have been able to enrol significantly larger cohorts of COVID-19 cirrhotics, although data are warranted in order to better characterize the natural history of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in this setting. In fact, a single study conducted in North America enrolling 37 patients has confirmed the high mortality rates of patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19, whilst an ongoing international registry has shown a mortality risk similar to ours in the 103 patients with cirrhosis 2, 3 Gao et al raised some concerns regarding the statistical analysis used to predict mortality, suggesting to perform a logistic regression analysis. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: Preliminary results from an international registry cache = ./cache/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319312-fmfj8bkp author = Jenab, Yaser title = Occurrence of acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular event in COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1715 sentences = 108 flesch = 48 summary = Herein, we presented a case of COVID‐19 presented with acute coronary syndrome followed by pulmonary thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident. Given the patient's age, fever, and suspicion of COVID-19, a decision was made to administer full antiplatelet (ASA 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg stat doses), anticoagulant (unfractionated heparin; 60 unit/kg stat and 12 unit/kg/hour infusion), and antiischemic therapy and obtain a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient was an old woman with multirisk factors suffering from acute coronary syndrome, COVID-19, PTE, and acute CVA. 5 Venous thromboembolism threatens patients with COVID-19 and adds the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. These patients have pulmonary hypertension and RV dysfunction, and small acute PTE may deteriorate the condition. Another theory may be the coincidence of acute coronary syndrome, COVID-19, and PTE, which prompted the patient to refer to our emergency department, albeit with a 4-day delay. Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action cache = ./cache/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319256-7pyinx1a author = Jin, Xin title = The values of coagulation function in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 163 flesch = 49 summary = We analyzed the coagulation function in COVID-19 patients through the data including thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), α2-plasmininhibitor-plasmin Complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), t-PA/PAI-1 Complex (t-PAIC), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-Dimer (DD), and platelet (PLT). RESULT: The levels of TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, FIB, and DD in COVID-19 patients were higher than health controls (p<0.05), and also higher in the patients with thrombotic disease than without thrombotic disease (p<0.05). As the Table 1 shown, COVID-19 patients had significantly higher values of TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, FIB, and DD than healthy controls, and there were no significant differences in APTT, TT, and PLT. TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, APTT, FIB, TT, DD, and PLT are expected to assess the function of the coagulation systems in patients and indicate the severity of the patients to provide clinical assistance. cache = ./cache/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319333-jwbgytwd author = Radmard, Sara title = Inpatient Neurology Consultations During the Onset of the SARS-CoV-2 New York City Pandemic: A Single Center Case Series date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3401 sentences = 214 flesch = 46 summary = The encountered neurological problems associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were encephalopathy (12 patients, 36.4%), seizure (9 patients, 27.2%), stroke (5 patients, 15.2%), recrudescence of prior neurological disease symptoms (4 patients, 12.1%), and neuromuscular (3 patients, 9.1%). Adult inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and required neurological evaluation by consultation or admission for primary neurological care were included in this single-center retrospective case-series study at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-New York Presbyterian Hospital. Most of the patients in our case series developed neurological symptoms several days after COVID-19 symptom-onset and demonstrated elevated inflammatory markers. As in prior literature reviewing neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection, our case series included instances of both ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, although our patients also had other cardiovascular risk factors for stroke. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study cache = ./cache/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319170-idv2cio4 author = Devita, Maria title = The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2072 sentences = 84 flesch = 36 summary = An increasing amount of data is becoming available on the psychological and social problems resulting from Covid-19 and the interventions to tackle them in the general population [3] ; yet little attention is being paid to elderly population and, in particular, to a frail subgroup of this age: individuals with neurocognitive disorders. Finally, also the possible motor impairments associated to quarantine should not be underestimated: a forced reduction of motor/physical activity can cause, particularly in older individuals with neurocognitive disorders, a progressive loss of personal and instrumental autonomy, as well as a possible worsening of other agingrelated clinical problems, as sarcopenia, with a consequent increased risk of falls, and subsequent medical geriatrics complications. Although the face-to-face clinical visit is undoubtedly always fundamental for cognitive impairment diagnosis and follow-up, remote assessment could be a valid transitional measure for public health needs in the coming months, and would guarantee continuity in patient care (against the currently imposed, though necessary, interruption), while reducing the risk of contagion and the consequent potential negative outcome of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319273-ok2p1h9f author = Lai, Yu-Ju title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the deduction effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in pregnancy date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2688 sentences = 214 flesch = 53 summary = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has transient overexpression and increased activity during pregnancy, which is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. The management strategy includes monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions; early oxygenation if O(2) saturation is less than 95%; empiric antibiotics for prevention of secondary infection; corticosteroid to treat maternal SARS-CoV-2 disease routinely is not suggested, only for fetal lung maturation in selected cases; and consideration of delivery is according to the obstetric indication, gestational age, and severity of the disease. 40 But a study indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, was highly expressed in maternal-fetal interface cells, suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319486-zf3ytsph author = van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid title = FFP2-mondmasker of chirurgisch mondkapje bij COVID-19 date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1167 sentences = 133 flesch = 62 summary = De vraag is dan ook of chirurgische mondkapjes medisch personeel even goed beschermen tegen infectie met COVID-19 als FFP2-mondmaskers. In 2019 werd in JAMA een grote clustergerandomiseerde klinische trial (RCT) gepubliceerd waarin het effect werd vergeleken van chirurgische mondkapjes en FFP2-mondmaskers op de preventie van griep en andere virale luchtweginfecties onder medisch personeel. De auteurs vonden geen verschil in risico tussen beide beschermingsmiddelen voor het optreden van infecties bij medisch personeel. In de meta-analyse van Bartozsko werd ook de conclusie getrokken dat chirurgische mondkapjes niet waren geassocieerd met een hoger risico op infectie dan FFP2-mondmaskers. Daarnaast is de compliantie voor het dragen van FFP2-mondmaskers mogelijk niet gelijk aan die van chirurgische mondkapjes, aangezien deze minder comfortabel zijn. Ook is niet altijd duidelijk of er goede instructies zijn gegeven voor het dragen van een goed sluitend FFP2-mondmasker. Het is onduidelijk of er in deze setting een verschil is tussen FFP2-mondmaskers en chirurgische mondkapjes. cache = ./cache/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319418-ao0df0q7 author = Chire Saire, J. E. title = Study of Coronavirus Impact on Parisian Population from April to June using Twitter and Text Mining Approach date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2389 sentences = 142 flesch = 58 summary = This paper studies the impact of coronavirus in the poopulation of Paris, France from April 23 to June 18, using Text Mining approach, processing data collected from Social Network and using trends related of searching. The information analysis on Twitter indicated by the detected rates can help to monitor the evolution of the interests of a population like that of France, within the phase of control of the outbreak of the current COVID-19 pandemic, showing that public interest in fear of health issues decreased and new fears arose, such as the issue of economic crisis, which is relevant information to generate effective communication policies meeting the needs of a population within the framework of Public Health. cache = ./cache/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319580-awtp0mpg author = McCartney, Stephen A. title = Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3709 sentences = 221 flesch = 46 summary = The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. The expression of ACE2 by adipocytes and immune cells also suggests the possibility that adipose tissue may represent a potential reservoir for viral infection and may lead to increased viral burden or persistence; however, no studies to date have demonstrated that adipocytes can be directly infected with SARS-CoV-2. Maternal obesity has emerged as a key risk factor increasing susceptibility of pregnant women to severe COVID-19 disease. There is also an urgent need to focus research on how risk factors, like obesity, alter the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and influence disease pathogenesis of COVID-19 (Box 1). What is the mechanism of increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease in obese nonpregnant and pregnant women? cache = ./cache/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319379-qe56u93a author = Patil, Vaishali M. title = A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 186 flesch = 34 summary = The well reported and clinically used anti-malarial aminoquinoline drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) have shown potential to be repurposed to control the present pandemic by inhibition of COVID-19. The review elaborates the mechanism of action, safety (side effects, adverse effects, toxicity) and worldwide clinical trials for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to benefit the clinicians, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist actively involved in the management of COVID-19 infection. In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus replication by chloroquine Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by hydroxychloroquine in T cells and monocytes Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo Mycophenolic acid inhibits dengue virus infection by preventing replication of viral RNA Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro cache = ./cache/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319408-841c0g1c author = Salvatore, Christine M title = Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4636 sentences = 232 flesch = 55 summary = [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] We aimed to follow up neonates born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 at time of delivery, to elucidate best practices regarding infection control and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. For this observational cohort study, we identified all neonates born between March 22 and May 17, 2020, at New York Presbyterian-Komansky Children's Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Lower Manhattan Hospital, and New York Presbyterian-Queens in New York City to mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from a nasopharyngeal swab sample at the time of delivery. Data collected included demographics, neonatal and maternal clinical presentation at time of delivery, during hospit alisation, and once discharged, microbiology results (SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR testing), and infection control practices in the hospital and at home. cache = ./cache/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319241-div9rzax author = Singh, Bhuchitra title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its Effect on Gametogenesis and Early Pregnancy date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4386 sentences = 305 flesch = 50 summary = There is also evidence of significant placental pathology in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but it is unclear what effects there may be for early pregnancy, though available data suggest less severe effects compared to other respiratory virus outbreaks. We searched for articles that contained information related to SARS-CoV-2 and reproductive tissues (ovaries, testes), gametes, placentation, and early pregnancy in humans. Our search phrases included: "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "2019 ncov", "sarscov 2", "SARS-Cov-2", "pregnancy", "gravidity", "abortion", "germ cells", "oocytes", "gametes", "embryonic structures", "embryo", "fertility", "testes", "miscarriage"(See Appendix 1 for completed list of databases search strategy and Figure 1 for PRISMA table). Specifically, 10 women with severe COVID-19 were tested or SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, with all samples negative for virus [48] . Another study performed during the 2002-2003 SARS pandemic showed that 4 of 7 (57%) pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV had a spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy [55] , though notably no viral inclusion bodies or particles were detected in the products of conception. cache = ./cache/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319804-i5oprni9 author = Mahajan, Ashutosh title = An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2752 sentences = 145 flesch = 55 summary = In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases. A different compartmental model SEIR [9] predicts the dynamics of the transmission of the COVID-19 for certain countries, and the impact of quarantine of the infected persons are also studied in it. We employ an improved mathematical model SIPHERD [19] for the COVID-19 pandemic embedding the purely asymptomatic infected cases and the transmission of the disease from them. The model simulations bring out the efficacy of different ways for the containment, by predicting the total number of active and confirmed cases, total deaths, and daily new positive cases considering various social distancing/lockdown conditions and the number of tests done per day. An epidemic model sipherd and its application for prediction of the spread of covid-19 infection for india and usa cache = ./cache/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319575-i5iq5qn4 author = Ramachandran, R. title = Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 731 sentences = 49 flesch = 60 summary = Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India Q1 To the editor The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the resilience of health care systems worldwide. In the current report, we describe the unique hardships confronted by main Q2 tenance of in-center hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in India during the current lockdown period. As part of the COVID-19 response, governments have taken over management of a number of private hospitals 4 and ordered the closure of down Q3 dialysis units. In some instances, units were closed down and staff were placed in quarantine after a patient or health care worker was found to be COVID-19 positive. Some private dialysis units ask patients to pay for personal protective equipment. 3 The COVID-19 pandemic should force the global health care community and policymakers to anticipate and address the unique needs of different patient groups such as those with kidney failure. cache = ./cache/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319248-ynoxec7k author = Matsuyama, Toshifumi title = An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19 date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9962 sentences = 619 flesch = 45 summary = In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. After a careful review of the scientific literature, we realized that the SARS-CoV-2-mediated inhibition of IFN and STAT1, and the subsequent shift to a STAT3dominant signaling network (see below), could result in almost all of the clinical features of COVID-19. Molecular patterns derived from SARS-CoV-2-associated molecules, such as ssRNA, dsRNA, and viral proteins, bind to host PRRs and trigger the activation of signal transducers and transcription factors that drive the production of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, in COVID-19, EGFR signaling may become an alternative pathway that activates STAT3 specifically when the lung is damaged while the production of IFN-I is severely impaired by SARS-CoV-2 infection [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319706-2e9jrv0s author = Ebinger, Joseph E. title = Pre-existing traits associated with Covid-19 illness severity date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4904 sentences = 219 flesch = 40 summary = For all patients considered to have Covid-19, based on direct or documented laboratory test result and suggestive signs and/or symptoms, we obtained information from the electronic health record (EHR) and verified data for the following demographic and clinical characteristics: age at the time of diagnosis; sex; race; ethnicity; smoking status defined as current versus prior, never, or unknown; comorbidities, including obesity, as clinically assessed and documented by a provider with ICD-10 coding; and, chronic use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications. For the primary outcome of illness severity, categorized by escalating levels of care (i.e., hospitalization, intensive care, intubation), the pre-existing characteristics that demonstrated statistical significance in age-and sex-adjusted models included older age, male sex, African American race, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the Elixhauser comorbidity score ( Table 2 ; Fig 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319519-mb9ofh12 author = Ding, J. title = A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes' interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7247 sentences = 474 flesch = 52 summary = The algorithm establishes the shortest path between 118 the candidate genes and the known host interacting proteins with SARS-CoV-2 and calculates an 119 overall connectivity score for the network (a smaller value represents a greater connectivity) ( Fig 120 1 and Supplementary Table S1 ). The network-informed analysis presented in this paper, 262 revealed that 1) the top GO biological function associated with HLH genes is neutrophil 263 degranulation, consistent with a recent report highlighting the undervalued role of neutrophils in 264 HLH 36 ; 2) HLH genes are significantly enriched with the SARS-CoV-2 human interactome; 3) the 265 top-ranked HLH gene, AP3B1, has roles in cargo loading of type II pneumocytes, where it may 266 interact with SARS-CoV-2 to disturb surfactant physiological functions to promote 267 inflammation/pro-coagulation activities; 4) diseases/syndromes-associated with increased release 268 of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) may predict vulnerable populations, including those 269 affecting children. cache = ./cache/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319707-j8y9gt2o author = Kato, Verstrepen title = Neurological manifestations of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3552 sentences = 188 flesch = 43 summary = The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is likewise a causative pathogen for severe viral pneumonia with the risk of progression to respiratory failure and systemic manifestations. Articles related to the topic were identified by following terms: "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", Coronavirus disease 2019", "Neurology", "MERS", "SARS", "COVID-19", "Stroke", "Epilepsy", "Guillain-Barré Syndrome", "Encephalitis", "Myelitis", "Meningitis", "Neurological Sequels", "Polyneuropathy" and "Carotid Dissection". Several recent articles report associated cases of encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and other neurological symptoms, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or ADEM, as possible complications of a HCoV infection [6] . Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome Neurological complications of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of two cases and review of the literature cache = ./cache/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319382-97iwwsfg author = Sripadma, Dr. P.V. title = Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patient- An Obstetric Emergency date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 516 sentences = 39 flesch = 36 summary = title: Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patientAn Obstetric Emergency Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. We present a case of postpartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with good maternal and fetal outcome. We present a case of postpartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with good maternal and fetal outcome. Atypical presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Clinical and radiological characteristics in eclamptic patients cache = ./cache/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319741-vgtd2whz author = Ranjan, Piyush title = Is excess weight a risk factor for the development of COVID 19 infection? A preliminary report from India date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1253 sentences = 82 flesch = 61 summary = BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study explored the association between BMI and COVID-19 positive status in a tertiary care hospital from New Delhi. RESULTS: The mean BMI and the prevalence of obesity was observed to be higher in individuals who were detected to be COVID-19 RT-PCR positive as compared to those who were negative. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a dose-response association between BMI and the odds of COVID-19 infection in individuals with excess weight. Studies suggest that in comparison to COVID-19 patients with normal body weight, obese patients are more likely to be critically ill, require mechanical ventilator support, and suffer increased complications and high mortality. (1) While there is relatively good data to suggest that the course and prognosis of COVID-19 are poorer among obese patients, the association between obesity and risk of COVID-19 infection is not established conclusively. The findings of several studies suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor of protracted course and poor outcome in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319728-d0kf9gme author = Lucchini, Matteo title = Is serological response to SARS-CoV-2 preserved in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment? A case report date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1382 sentences = 85 flesch = 50 summary = We present the case of a MS patient with mild COVID-19 who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA without IgG ten weeks after infection. We present the case of a MS patient with mild COVID-19 who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA without IgG ten weeks after infection. Few case reports of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving ocrelizumab who contracted COVID-19 with a benign course have recently been published (Novi et al., 2020; Suwanwongse and Shabarek, 2020) . Forty days before COVID-19 onset, the patient performed routine blood tests including cell blood count (CBC), lymphocyte subtypes, immunoglobulin dosage and liver and kidney function showing CD19+ complete depletion (normal CD4+ and CD8+) and IgG at lower limit (700 mg/dl, normal range 700-1600). Despite an optimal recovery from COVID-19, our patient did not develop a full serological response against SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by the absence of specific IgG production. cache = ./cache/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319742-ypkt01rn author = Asgharpour, Masoumeh title = Effectiveness of extracorporeal blood purification (hemoadsorption) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3500 sentences = 177 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: This controlled trial has been conducted on critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in the state hospital affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran who received different antiviral and antibacterial drugs, and different modalities of respiratory treatments and did not have positive clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal hemoadsorption could improve the general condition in most of recruited patients with severe coronavirus disease; however, large prospective multicenter trials in carefully selected patients are needed to definitely evaluate the efficacy of hemoperfusion in COVID-19 patients. Our results showed that three sessions of extracorporeal hemoadsorption could improve the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation in six of the ten critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease. Three sessions of extracorporeal resin-directed hemoadsorption could improve the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation in six of the ten patients with severe COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319436-mlitd45q author = Brinati, D. title = Detection of COVID-19 Infection from Routine Blood Exams with Machine Learning: a Feasibility Study date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4603 sentences = 237 flesch = 51 summary = Amplification of viral RNA by (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the current gold standard test for confirmation of infection, although it presents known shortcomings: long turnaround times (3-4 hours to generate results), potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates as large as 15-20%, the need for certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel. Material and methods We developed two machine learning classification models using hematochemical values from routine blood exams (namely: white blood cells counts, and the platelets, CRP, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH plasma levels) drawn from 279 patients who, after being admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) emergency-room with COVID-19 symptoms, were screened with the rRT-PCR test performed on respiratory tract specimens. The best performing model, i.e. the Random Forest classifier, trained on dataset B, achieved the following results on the test/validation set: accuracy = 82% , sensitivity = 92%, PPV = 83%, specificity = 65%, AUC = 84%. cache = ./cache/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319837-5avoulan author = Raman, Eshwara V. title = Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1887 sentences = 148 flesch = 57 summary = To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. These recommendations have been made to help other pediatric airway surgeons to manage airway cases, however, this can be changed during this pandemic crisis though this can be changed later due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and available evidence. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. cache = ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319859-6mt34av6 author = Zhou, Min title = Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2730 sentences = 152 flesch = 49 summary = To seek efficient nursing training mode under the epidemic situation and improve the nurses' knowledge reserve on emergency handling and control capabilities, a combination of on-site training and online training was implemented to provide COVID-19 related knowledge on nursing operation skills and hospital infections to the nursing team in a short term. Supported by research, the comparison between online and faceto-face training, well-designed online training shows more advantages in terms of time efficiency and memory effect (Kalyuga, 2007 ; TA B L E 5 Before and after training, the nursing staff improved the COVID-19 theory knowledge, operation skills and psychological conditions Kalyuga & Sweller, 2005) , which is consistent with the results of this study. Emergency training of nursing staff is crucial on preventing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic effectively and ensuring the operation of emergency isolation ward orderly. cache = ./cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319538-bawzonq1 author = Krause, Martin title = Association between procalcitonin levels and duration of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2565 sentences = 138 flesch = 35 summary = Based on observational studies from the epicenters of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, the Lombardy region in Italy, and the New York City area in the United States, a significant portion of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ventilatory support: Between 17%-24% of hospitalized patients and up to 72% of patients admitted to the ICU have required invasive mechanical ventilation [2] [3] [4] [5] . We aimed to identify if plasma procalcitonin levels on admission are associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (primary outcome), 28-day mortality, and time to intubation (secondary outcomes) in a cohort of COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In the univariate analysis of our observational cohort study, procalcitonin levels >0.1 ng/ml on admission were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319860-zouscolw author = Wu, Jianhua title = Place and causes of acute cardiovascular mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3867 sentences = 196 flesch = 56 summary = The greatest proportional increase of excess COVID-19-related acute CV death was due to pulmonary embolism (251, a proportional increase of 11%) followed by stroke (562, a proportional increase of 6%), acute coronary syndrome (318, a proportional increase of 5%), cardiac arrest (93, a proportional increase of 6%) and heart failure (273, a proportional increase of 4%) (figure 2, table 2). The most frequent causes of excess acute CV death in care homes and hospices were stroke (715, a proportional increase of 39%) and heart failure (227, a proportional increase of 25%), which compared with acute coronary syndrome (768, a proportional increase of 41%) and heart failure (734, a proportional increase of 33%) at home, and pulmonary embolism (155, a proportional increase of 13%) and cardiogenic shock (55, a proportional increase of 15%) in hospital ( figure 3, table 3 ). ► Our study of all adult deaths in England and Wales between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2020 has quantified the CV mortality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, be this related to contagion and/or the public response. cache = ./cache/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319853-jr8x5emx author = De Castro, Leonardo title = A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8499 sentences = 415 flesch = 52 summary = . Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance." 14 This approach considers the impact of how health-related resources have been allocated or distributed and looks at the issues over a period that precedes the onset of the COVID-19 emergency and extends beyond the expected end of the current pandemic. This paper discusses the fairness of allocation measures in relation to the dispensing of adequate information, the provision of isolation and quarantine facilities, the availability of healthcare services and providers, and the criteria for triage in the hospital setting. In this section of the paper, the neglect of these principles, especially the prioritization of the worst off, in public healthcare decision-making is examined in relation to three problems within the Philippines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: paternalistic decision-making complicated by false information, failure to be mindful of literacy levels, and failure to account for language and other barriers. cache = ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319823-sp5wibeh author = Brown, Sherry-Ann title = Innovation in Precision Cardio-Oncology During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Into a Post-pandemic World date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5151 sentences = 246 flesch = 32 summary = Digital health technologies include mobile health (mHealth), wearable devices, health information technologies, wireless technologies, virtual platforms and applications, telehealth, telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and personalized medicine, with a common goal of improving health care outcomes and efficiency (18) . With more and more personalized health and lifestyle information available through digital technologies, care providers are better able to monitor patients' conditions in real time or by retrieving remote data recently stored by patients' local devices, identify treatment side effects, and personalize prevention and intervention strategies. Virtual rehab programs enable remote collection and evaluation of health data such as activity levels, blood pressures, heart rate/rhythms, and weight, which can be reviewed and acted upon when necessary by health care providers, allowing cancer patients and survivors to safely and efficiently recover from their cardiac complications. However, new trials and paradigms have emerged during the pandemic particularly in cancer patients, to facilitate digital clinical trials and cohort studies based on remote monitoring and virtual care (97, 98) . cache = ./cache/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319511-gzanhu4w author = Silvestris, Erica title = Fertility preservation in cancer patients at the time of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1044 sentences = 58 flesch = 39 summary = To prevent the infertility risk induced by anti-cancer chemotherapy or other gonadotoxic treatments as well as pelvic surgery, these patients have access to fertility preservation (FP) procedures which include oocytes cryopreservation after hormone stimulation or ovarian cortex cryostorage in females, and sperm freezing in males [1, 2] . During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, however, while symptomatic COVID-19 + cancer patients candidate to FP are addressed to specific programs for the infection healing, asymptomatic patients considered virus-free through negative serological test may still have access to FP programs in Italy since only major procedures of ART (Assisted Reproduction Technology) have been restricted [4] , whereas no structured recommendations have been issued for managing these patients [5] . Concerning the possible virus transmission through sperm by male cancer patients, it is also crucial to assess the liquid components of the seminal plasma. cache = ./cache/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319920-vn5si7xm author = Sampogna, Gianluca title = Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2524 sentences = 164 flesch = 47 summary = INTRODUCTION: We observed individuals affected by spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case 1, aged 69 years, experienced T10 AIS B paraplegia upon awakening due to spinal cord ischemia from T8 to conus medullaris, besides diffuse thromboses, 27 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Prior to SCD, all three individuals suffered from respiratory failure due to COVID-19, required mechanical ventilation, had cardiovascular risk factors, experienced lymphopenia, and received tocilizumab (TCZ). The aim of our report is to provide our initial experience with people experiencing SCD after COVID-19 in a referral USU in the Northern Italian region most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of the neurotropic and neuro-invasive potential of this virus, it has been reported that 36.4% of patients with COVID-19 suffer from neurological complications, and up to 45.5% patients in case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319849-3shr5grg author = Cheruiyot, Isaac title = Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3059 sentences = 187 flesch = 43 summary = We, therefore, conducted a rapid systematic review of current scientific literature to identify and consolidate data on the incidence, age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, types, and clinical outcomes of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in COVID-19 patients. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) were case reports/case series/cohort studies, (2) included patients with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, (3) monitored the patients for development of complications during the course of admission, and (4) reported clear extractable data on hemorrhagic stroke. For each study, the following information was extracted: the surname of the first author and the year of publication, country where the study was performed, the type of study (case report/case series/cohort), sample size, demographic characteristics, number of patients with intracranial hemorrhage, type of intracranial hemorrhage, anticoagulation prior to onset of hemorrhagic event, comorbidities, and mortality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author = Siepmann, Timo title = Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5096 sentences = 230 flesch = 40 summary = We systematically searched electronic databases including MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library for identification of all available observational studies that reported on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years with information given on disease severity and past history of CVD. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive value of history of CVD for severity outcomes of COVID-19 including clinical severity according to the classification by the National Health Commission guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19, in-hospital death and necessity of intensive care [10]. When considering only published data from Chinese cohorts in pooled analysis (n = 1805), history of CVD was also associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19 (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.94-2.94; p < 0.0001) with similar results on sensitivity analyses for study-specific severity outcomes (clinical parameters: RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28-2.63; p = 0.001; necessity of intensive care: RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.61-5.24; p < 0.0001 and in-hospital death: RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.7-2.7; p < 0.0001). cache = ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319615-p2labgd8 author = Schulman, Sam title = Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3048 sentences = 186 flesch = 49 summary = Several studies have shown that the severely ill patients have high or very high Ddimer values, and a hypercoagulable state has been described with, in some cases, development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 2, 3 Subsequently, European physicians have reported a higher incidence of thromboembolic events, mainly venous, in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU). • Does the hypercoagulability result in a higher incidence of thromboembolism than in other patients with severe infection in the ICU? 6 A meta-analysis of 30 studies and 53,000 patients reported that increased D-dimer was associated with severe COVID-19 infection, with a p-value of < 0.001. At three hospitals in the Netherlands, all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU were evaluated for venous and arterial thromboembolic complications. In most of the studies from China, it is not reported whether, and in such cases how many, patients received chemoprophylaxis against venous thromboembolism and at what dose. cache = ./cache/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319899-nso0ob27 author = Wilke, Jan title = Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2261 sentences = 120 flesch = 40 summary = Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. Against this background, the present study examined the preferences towards digital home exercise programs in individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to ascertaining the general willingness to participate in related programs (yes/no), the optimal duration (free entry, min/week), training frequency (workouts per week; 1-2, 3-4, 4-6 or daily), and exercise types (flexibility, resistance, endurance, balance/stability, cognition, relaxation) were assessed. With regard to exercise types (Table 2) , older participants (≥40 years) were more likely to select flexibility and less likely to choose resistance, endurance, and cognitive training. Participants with high physical activity levels (meeting WHO PA recommendations) more often preferred resistance, endurance, and balance/stability training, but not other forms of exercise. In summary, a large portion of individuals affected by confinements related to the COVID-19 pandemic are interested in digital home exercise. cache = ./cache/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320031-e328fesl author = Loforte, Antonio title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1672 sentences = 119 flesch = 52 summary = By considering overall impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, an increased need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support becomes evident. Consideration of ECMO was based on the presence of severe respiratory failure (Murray score >3.0 or pH <7.20 under protective ventilation 2,6-8 ) with sustained clinical deterioration despite optimal conventional treatment and refractory prone positioning. Aggressive mechanical ventilation (peak or plateau airway pressure >30 cm H2O or fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] >0.8) for more than 7 days, uncontrolled active bleeding, severe comorbidity, multiple organ failure, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, age >65 years, and neurologic damage were used as contraindications for VV ECMO institution. 2, [6] [7] [8] Regarding oxygenation, ECMO blood flow was maximized to reduce the FIO2 less than 0.6 and maintain hemoglobin Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience saturation more than 85%. cache = ./cache/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319851-mhnp42xo author = Cao, Xiaoling title = Authors’ response to letter by Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero, “Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19” date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 765 sentences = 48 flesch = 54 summary = Furthermore, in a longitudinal study at another hospital in Wuhan, we examined lipid profiles from inpatients (n=21) before viral infection, on admission, and during the course of their illness. 2 Collectively, this evidence demonstrates that decreases in LDL-c levels are associated with severity of COVID-19 and reflect the disease course. We are well aware of the concerns raised by Drs. Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero about the potential effects of lipid-lowing medications being given routinely to those patients with cardiovascular disorders (CVD) or diabetes on their LDL-c levels on admission. In U.S., Italy and other nations, as many as half or more of patients with CVD or diabetes would be taking statins prior to onset of COVID-19 and many of them would continue until the time of hospital admission. 3, 4 Therefore, hypolipidemia in COVID-19 patients most likely results from SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated hyper-inflammation, not lipid-lowering medications. cache = ./cache/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319876-psilbis0 author = Zhu, Jian title = COVID-19 Epidemic: Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Pediatric Isolation Ward date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2424 sentences = 145 flesch = 59 summary = It was found that 55 cases (83.3%) had fever and 48 cases (72.7%) coughed in the isolated area, 31 cases (47%) had a history of exposure, 26 cases (39.4%) had a decrease in lymphocytes (LYM), more than half had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme, 14 cases (21.2%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, 58 cases (87.9%) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT), and 11 cases (16.7%) had sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, for some suspected children with COVID-19, we can make a comprehensive judgment through clinical symptoms, epidemiological history, LYM number, myocardial enzyme spectrum, chest CT, and electrocardiogram; put these children in an isolation ward for treatment; and then transfer them to a general ward for treatment after excluding COVID-19. At present, some of COVID-19 are asymptomatic infection, 10, 11 which suggests that it is not only from the clinical symptoms to judge whether the children should be admitted to the isolation ward. cache = ./cache/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319930-ymqnb54a author = Kremer, Stéphane title = Brain MRI Findings in Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3185 sentences = 188 flesch = 40 summary = Eight distinctive neuroradiologic patterns (excluding ischemic infarcts) were identified in patients with severe COVID-19 infection with abnormal brain MRIs. In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent neuroimaging features were: involvement of the medial temporal lobe, non-confluent multifocal white matter hyperintense lesions on FLAIR with variable enhancement and hemorrhagic lesions, and extensive and isolated white matter microhemorrhages. Inclusion criteria were: (i) diagnosis of COVID-19 based on possible exposure history or symptoms clinically compatible, validated with a detection of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on the nasopharyngeal, throat or lower respiratory tract swabs; (ii) severe COVID-19 infection defined as requirement for hospitalization and oxygen therapy; (iii) neurologic manifestations; (iv) abnormal brain MRI with acute/subacute abnormalities. Among the eight groups of brain MRI features classification, three main neuroradiological patterns appeared more frequently in patient with severe COVID-19: signal abnormalities located in the medial temporal lobe, non-confluent multifocal WM hyperintense lesions on FLAIR and diffusion with variable enhancement, associated with hemorrhagic lesions, and extensive and isolated WM microhemorrhages. cache = ./cache/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320067-929h6arn author = Facheris, Paola title = Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 328 sentences = 26 flesch = 53 summary = title: Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab The patient was hospitalized and treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID p.o. the first day followed by 200mg BID, ceftriaxone 1g BID IM, and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in courses of prone ventilation. The patient was discharged after 22 days, with 97% oxygen saturation on walking test. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a new variant beta-coronavirus first isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with interstitial pneumonia. COVID-19 is characterized most commonly by fever and cough, although the clinical picture may range from completely asymptomatic to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? Chinese Trial Clinical Registry.A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of Adalimumab Injection in the treatment of patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319910-s2e56ety author = Jani, B. D. title = Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations: A general population cohort study of 1.3 million date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4341 sentences = 272 flesch = 59 summary = Poisson regression models and population attributable fractions were used to compare COVID-19 outcomes by overall risk category, and individual risk criteria: confirmed infection, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, population mortality and case-fatality. The moderate risk had intermediate risk of confirmed infection (RR 4.11, 95% CI 3.82-4.42) and population mortality (RR 26.10, 95% CI 20.89-32.60), but had comparable case-fatality (RR 5.13, 95% CI 4.24-6.21) to the shielded, and accounted for a higher proportion of deaths (PAF 75.27% vs 13.38%). After adjustment 1 for sex and deprivation quintile, the risk of laboratory-confirmed infection remained higher in 2 the moderate-risk category and highest in the shielded group (Table 3). Among the moderate-risk category criteria, age ≥70 years and 21 weakened immune system had risks of population mortality (Table 3) and case-fatality (Table 22 5) that were at least as high as the overall shielded group. cache = ./cache/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319780-rfj9t99r author = Alexander, S.P.H. title = A rational roadmap for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29 date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15196 sentences = 814 flesch = 47 summary = Analysis of the co-crystal structure suggested that the SARS spike protein binds to the active site of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, Li et al., 2005) . A truncated version of human recombinant ACE2, lacking the transmembrane domain, mitigated against SARS-CoV infection of cells (Li et al., 2003) and has been used in animal models to reduce symptoms of severe acute lung failure , diabetic nephropathy (Oudit et al., 2010) and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis . A recent cryo-EM structure suggested that ACE2 and B 0 AT1/SLC6A19 form a heterodimer which pairs up through interfaces between the two ACE2 partners (Figure 1) , with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the peptidase active site of ACE2 suggesting that B 0 AT1/SLC6A19 may facilitate entry of the novel coronavirus. Tumor necrosis factor- convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cache = ./cache/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320025-omz1fou9 author = Di Girolamo, Nicola title = Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial 3 months of the pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5561 sentences = 243 flesch = 47 summary = In conclusions, compared to the H1N1 pandemic, the majority of early publications on COVID-19 does not provide new information, possibly diluting the original data published on this disease and consequently slowing down the development of a valid knowledge base on this disease. The purpose of the present meta-epidemiological study is to identify the proportion of primary and secondary articles, to identify the proportion of studies that report limitations in their abstracts and to compare publishing patterns during COVID-19 and during the only other pandemic of the XXI century, the 2009 H1N1 swine influenza. We extracted from each article the following information: 'title', 'abstract', 'DOI'', 'number of authors', 'journal', 'date of creation', 'first author', 'country of the first institution of the first author', 'article type' (primary/secondary, defined below), 'study design' (defined below), 'number of patients included' (only for human medical research), 'presence of objective in the abstract', 'presence of limitation in the abstract', 'main conclusion' (Additional file 2B). cache = ./cache/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319998-dkk2motm author = Ho, Jing-Mao title = Unequal discourses: Problems of the current model of world health development date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2483 sentences = 121 flesch = 49 summary = In contrast to the praise of China's efforts of containing COVID-19, the WHO's narrative of the West African nations affected by EVD highlighted their poverty, political instability, and cultural traditions. Rather, we wish to highlight that the WHO's positive narrative of China's role in the current pandemic and the negative narrative of the capacity of West African nations to contain EVD created a partial (in both senses of the term) picture of the respective health crises. The dramatic differences in the WHO's discourses on COVID-19 and EVD remind us that the world is not only divided by health disparities but also by the power plays of international politics. The WHO's unbalanced emphasis on different practices and ''traits" of member states allows us to see that it is not immune to taking on the biases found in international politics and as a consequence has failed to uphold the principles of egalitarianism and neutrality in global health governance upon which it is founded. cache = ./cache/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319885-8qyavs7m author = Chan, Stephen title = Count regression models for COVID-19 date = 2021-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3363 sentences = 162 flesch = 53 summary = The best fitting count regression model for modelling the number of new daily COVID-19 cases of all countries analysed was shown to be a negative binomial distribution with log link function. Since these countries are lagging behind China in terms of the overall spread of the disease, much of the literature has been focused on modelling and predicting the disease in the early stages of the outbreak -particularly the daily incidence (number of new confirmed cases per day) and the basic reproductive number. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) to provide a statistical analysis of COVID-19 worldwide; (ii) to investigate whether it is possible to utilise count regression models for fitting and predicting the number of daily confirmed cases due to COVID-19 globally. The best fitting count regression model for modelling the number of new daily COVID-19 cases of all countries was shown to be a negative binomial distribution with log link function. cache = ./cache/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author = Frountzas, Maximos title = Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1309 sentences = 70 flesch = 45 summary = All surgical societies published specific criteria about high-risk surgical procedures and management of oncologic patients with alternative treatment options, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, after discussion by virtual Tumor Boards, that included surgeons, medical oncologists and radiologists [3] . Therefore, the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), followed by most GI surgical communities all over the world, suggested the following PPE during GI surgery of a confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patient [7] : Surgical gowns, caps and shoe covers for skin and clothing protection. In addition, 91.3% of the healthcare workers with a primary headache in the past, reported that the prolonged (over 4 hours) use of PPE during COVID-19 outburst worsened their headaches and affected their job performance [9] . The PPE-associated discomfort and side effects during surgery may increase surgeons' anxiety and fatigue while performing difficult operations. cache = ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320064-kjvfe8sv author = Soeroto, Arto Yuwono title = Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3330 sentences = 216 flesch = 53 summary = title: Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to explore the association and risk of increased BMI and obesity with composite poor outcome in COVID-19 adult patients. We included all original research articles in COVID-19 adult patients and obesity based on classification of Body Mass Index (BMI) and composite poor outcome which consist of ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality. Subgroup analysis showed obesity was associated with other poor outcome (ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, and hospital admission) with OR ¼ 2.22 (95% CI, 1.40e3.53, P < 0.001) but Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 . This meta-analysis study showed that both higher BMI and obesity were associated with related poor outcomes (ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality) in COVID-19 adult patients. cache = ./cache/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320063-n9qzbnup author = Calender, Alain title = Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1595 sentences = 75 flesch = 34 summary = Of note, SARS-CoV2 protein has a high affinity for human ACE2, a membrane-bound peptidase highly expressed in the heart, lungs, digestive and renal tracts; this molecular interaction leads to a membrane fusion process and further formation of syncytia with multinucleated alveolar epithelial cells ( Figure 1 ) [7] . Different cellular receptors such as TLR3 (Toll Like Receptor 3) and RIG-1 (Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene 1) -closely related to autophagy activation in mammalian granulocyte and macrophage models -have been implicated in innate immunity response to RNA virus infections -e.g. Coronavirus, Measles, Hepatitis viruses, and Influenza virus [10] . These clinical observations raise the question of what the sensitivity of patients with sarcoidosis to respiratory viral disease is, such as that induced from SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19)presently being explored in several international projects [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319912-fc9tmx96 author = Ciminelli, Gabriele title = COVID-19 in Italy: An Analysis of Death Registry Data date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3276 sentences = 204 flesch = 59 summary = In the Veneto region, which embraced mass testing, contact tracing, and at-home care provision, COVID-19-induced mortality was, respectively, three and six times smaller than in neighboring Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy. This result helps to rationalize the serious undercounting of COVID-19 fatalities in official statistics, which do not include deaths in nursing homes. We zoom in on Lombardy, the worst affected region, to test whether COVID-19 had an additional effect on mortality in municipalities with a higher share of people living in nursing homes (see the Online Appendix for details on the estimation). A plausible estimate suggests that true deaths were about 60% higher than what was officially reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. We use highly granular daily death registry data for thousands of municipalities in Italy's north to conduct a precise estimation of the true effect of COVID-19 on the mortality rate and compare the real death toll with what is reported in official statistics. cache = ./cache/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320045-qhk01o9m author = Gralnek, Ian M. title = ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3431 sentences = 201 flesch = 46 summary = esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.com) have joined forces to provide guidance in order to assure the highest level of protection against COVID-19 for both patients and health care personnel. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. cache = ./cache/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320104-cgzqwbzs author = Lester, Paula E. title = Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 583 sentences = 38 flesch = 52 summary = title: Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State ABSTRACT To provide policy recommendations for managing COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs), a group of certified medical directors from several facilities in New York state with experience managing the disease used email, phone, and video conferencing to develop consensus recommendations. The resulting document provides recommendations on screening, and protection of staff, screening of residents, management of COVID-19 positive and presumed positive cases, communication during an outbreak, management of admissions and readmissions, and providing emotional support for staff. The impact of this 15 pandemic has been widely recognized in hospital systems but guidelines for care for this 16 disease in the Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) are sorely lacking. Preparing for COVID 19; long term care facilities, nursing homes cache = ./cache/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319983-e4f2sfl4 author = Tripathi, Shweta title = The COVID-19: Current understanding date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4293 sentences = 261 flesch = 53 summary = Till the date of writing this article (August 15, 2020), a total number of 2526192+65002 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 35 states and Union Territories, out of which 1,915,580 (71.91%) recovered, while 50,924 (1.93%) deaths are reported in India [8, 10] . According to the Ministry of Family and Health Welfare of India; a suspected case is defined as a patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, and shortness of breath) and a history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19, 14 days prior of the beginning of symptoms. However, more clinical trials are needed to prove the safety and effectiveness of convalescent plasma transfusion in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients [48] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319868-rtt9i7wu author = Majeed, Taban title = Issues associated with deploying CNN transfer learning to detect COVID-19 from chest X-rays date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7666 sentences = 377 flesch = 52 summary = In recent months, much research came out addressing the problem of COVID-19 detection in chest X-rays using deep learning approaches in general, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in particular [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . [3] built a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on ResNet50, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2 models for the classification of COVID-19 Chest X-ray images to normal and COVID-19 classes. [9] , authors use CT images to predict COVID-19 cases where they deployed Inception transfer-learning model to establish an accuracy of 89.5% with specificity of 88.0% and sensitivity of 87.0%. Wang and Wong [2] investigated a dataset that they called COVIDx and a neural network architecture called COVID-Net designed for the detection of COVID-19 cases from an open source chest X-ray radiography images. The deep learning architectures that we used for the purpose of COVID19 detection from X-ray images are AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, Goog-leNet, InceptionV3, SqueezeNet, Inception-ReseNet-v2, Xception and DenseNet201. cache = ./cache/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319908-10b7de22 author = Naser, Abdallah Y title = Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3992 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted between 19 th of March and 06 th of April 2020 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. Participants' knowledge scores significantly differed by country, age, marital status, education level, and whether they wear mask upon leaving home or not (p<0.05). Both males and females showed similar levels of knowledge about COVIDHigher COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with age and educational attainment, which is in line with the study conducted in China during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). Findings of this study suggest that Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. cache = ./cache/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320100-kyvje05n author = Zingone, Fabiana title = No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 902 sentences = 37 flesch = 44 summary = Although the Veneto region was declared 'red zone' area since the early days of the outbreak in Italy due to the high number of infections and deaths, our gastroenterology ward at the University Hospital of Padua has continued its activity, primarily because of the high volume of emergencies routinely treated, with patients admitted on a 24 hours daily basis. Indeed, we commonly manage and follow-up patients with different gastrointestinal conditions: severe flares of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for medical and surgical treatment; gastrointestinal bleeding or bilio-pancreatic disorders for interventional endoscopy; end-stage liver disease for stabilization and staging; hepatocellular carcinoma for oncological treatments (i.e. trans-arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation and alcoholization); and oesophageal disorders for motility testing (i.e. achalasia) and endoscopic interventions (i.e. eosinophilic esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus and cancer). Screening for active COVID-19 infection and immunization status prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients at the time of the pandemic outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320136-k4204pb6 author = Razum, Oliver title = Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD jetzt weiter stärken date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3319 sentences = 431 flesch = 41 summary = So unterschiedlich die lokalen Erfahrungen und die Berichterstattung sind: Außer Frage steht, dass in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete ein hohes Risiko der Übertragung von SARS-CoV2 besteht, dem Erreger von Covid-19. Wir berichten zunächst über die Wohnsituation Geflüchteter in Deutschland und geben einen kurzen Überblick über bereits bestehende Überlegungen für das gesundheitsbezogene Management von Flüchtlingsunterkünften während der Covid-19-Pandemie. Analysen des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) zu Ausbrüchen von meldepflichtigen Infektionserkrankungen in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete (2004-2014) zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Ausbrüche auf Tröpfchen-und Schmierinfektionen zurückgehen, die unter besseren Lebens-und Hygienebedingungen (sowie ggf. Ein solches Vorgehen erscheint zielführender, als reflexiv ein "Containment nach innen" umzusetzen und die gesamte Einrichtung unter Quarantäne zu stellen -ganz besonders, wenn Social Distancing und Hygienemaßnahmen innerhalb des Settings nicht ausreichend umgesetzt werden können. Berichte aus den Herkunftsländern der Betroffenen über dort getroffene Vorsorgemaßnahmen oder dort entwickelte innovative Ansätze zur Kontrolle von Covid-19 [10] könnten zudem die Kommunikation vereinfachen und sich positiv auf die Kooperationsbereitschaft auswirken. cache = ./cache/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320022-e3ti4doi author = Lee, Jin title = Do We Really Need to Isolate All Children with COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities? date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1367 sentences = 70 flesch = 47 summary = While such methods are being enforced for strict infection control at the national level in response to COVID-19, most countries-including the United States and many in Europeallow people who are asymptomatic or those with mild symptoms be placed under selfisolation for at-home treatment ( Table 1) . With respect to the recently updated Korean isolation release criteria, 4,5 asymptomatic cases can be released from isolation if they 1) develop no clinical symptoms for 10 days after being confirmed, OR 2) receive two consecutive negative PCR test results taken at least 24 hours 2/4 https://jkms.org https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 For symptomatic patients: 10 days after symptom onset, plus at least 3 days without symptoms (without fever and respiratory symptoms). The decision of location should be made on a case-bycase basis and will depend on the clinical presentation, requirement for supportive care, potential risk factors for severe disease, and conditions at home, including the presence of vulnerable persons in the household. cache = ./cache/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author = Mazingi, Dennis title = Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2671 sentences = 159 flesch = 46 summary = 13 The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on health services around the world, and paediatric surgical services are no exception. During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 outbreak in Toronto, stringent restrictions on non-essential surgical services were thought to have aggravated precipitous declines in surgical volume, with only small increases in surge capacity for the outbreak. 42 Paediatric care in Africa is typically characterised by significant involvement by guardians and other family members who support the child during hospital admission, assist the overburdened healthcare workforce and act as care advocates. A recent global review of paediatric surgical workforce density showed that a minimum of four paediatric surgeons per million children under 15 years of age would be required to achieve a survival of >80% for a group of four bellwether paediatric surgical conditions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320158-6dh9e5rg author = Hansen, Richard title = Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5593 sentences = 284 flesch = 37 summary = CONCLUSION: Our COVID-19-specific adaptations to paediatric ASC guidelines using a RAND panel generally support existing recommendations, particularly the use of corticosteroids and escalation to infliximab, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 status. [10] [11] [12] Panellists rated the appropriateness of specific interventions at various time points during a patient's admission with ASC (admission, first-line therapy, rescue therapy, continued medical therapy on discharge and surgery) in the context of their SARS-CoV-2 swab status and the presence or absence of symptoms or signs of COVID-19 infection. After the second round of voting, agreement was present for all scenarios (DI<1) except two, both relating to SARS-CoV-2positive patients with symptoms or signs of infection; the use of ciclosporin with corticosteroids as rescue therapy and the use of prophylactic anticoagulation after discharge A detailed list of all scenarios, complete with median score, appropriateness rating and DI is shown in online supplementary table 2. cache = ./cache/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320262-9zxgaprl author = Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title = Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3649 sentences = 257 flesch = 61 summary = title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana that other optimal control model on COVID-19 have been studied (see for example [27, 28, 29 , 30, 31, The model further assumes that, no exposed individual transmits the disease. It is further inferred from this 310 study that; applying optimal control strategy on the rate at which the virus is released into the system, m 1 311 and m 2 , and also on the relative transmission rate due to human behaviour will considerably strike down 312 COVID-19 pandemic. Early dynamics of transmission and control 376 of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of 435 novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study Modelling of rabies transmission dynamics 477 using optimal control analysis cache = ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320065-zxh8u4eg author = Patel, Pious D. title = Tracking the Volume of Neurosurgical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1871 sentences = 104 flesch = 54 summary = Abstract Objective This study quantifies the impact of COVID-19 on the volume of adult and pediatric neurosurgical procedures, inpatient consults, and clinic visits at an academic medical center. This was the 776 week time period immediately following the signing of a Tennessee gubernatorial executive 77 order preventing "non-essential procedures." 9 Patient records from an analogous 7-week period 78 from March 25, 2019 through May 10, 2019 were collected and categorized as "before COVID-79 19." In addition to these time periods, data were collected from the 59 week period spanning Hydrocephalus was defined as ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion or revision or endoscopic 140 third ventriculostomy. The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant, measurable decreases in neurosurgical caseload, 392 inpatient consults, and outpatient clinic visits. As elective 396 procedures and in-person clinical encounters resume, the effects of reduced volume during 397 COVID-19 on long-term patient outcomes warrants further investigation. cache = ./cache/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320092-0qnvydux author = Ehsani, Sepehr title = COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7536 sentences = 406 flesch = 45 summary = An implication of this preliminary observation is to suggest a potential route of investigation in the coronavirus research field making use of an already-established literature on the interplay of local and systemic iron regulation, cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes, respiratory infections and the hepcidin protein. c The position of the disulfide bonds in the sequence of the mature human hepcidin is illustrated along with the potential palmitoylation residues (ten cysteines) of the cytoplasmic tail of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. If the sequence similarity reported here is actually playing a significant role at the cellular level, could it be that, although the cellular localizations appear to be different based on current knowledge, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cytoplasmic tail can partly mimic the structure of hepcidin and interact with ferroportin? In addition, a notyet-fully-established link of relevance here is the observations of a Kawasaki-disease-like systemic vasculitis syndrome in children infected with the novel Fig. 3 Summary of salient facets of coronavirus spike protein and human hepcidin biology. cache = ./cache/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320149-3q4q98a6 author = Di Carlo, Davide Tiziano title = Exploring the clinical association between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: a systematic review of current literature date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3482 sentences = 196 flesch = 39 summary = An increasing body of evidence suggests that patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) might have a heterogeneous spectrum of neurological symptoms METHODS: A systematic search of two databases was performed for studies published up to May 29th, 2020. The pathophysiology of this association is under investigation and warrants additional studies, Physicians should be aware of this possible association because during the epidemic period of COVID-19, early recognition of neurologic manifestations otherwise not explained would raise the suspect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Our systematic review of 2499 patients reported the occurrence of a wide spectrum of neurologic complications in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, supporting the possible neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, several case reports described the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (see supplementary material 1), confirming the association of cerebrovascular complications with severe COVID-19 infection, older age, and the presence of multiple comorbidity [46, 47] . cache = ./cache/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320082-gbli8zn2 author = Zadnik, Vesna title = Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Slovenia – Preliminary Results date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 140 flesch = 48 summary = RESULTS: Compared to the November 2019 – February 2020 average, the decrease in April 2020 was about 43% and 29% for pathohistological and clinical cancer notifications; 33%, 46% and 85% for first, control and genetic counselling referrals; 19% (53%), 43% (72%) and 20% (21%) for first (and control) outpatient visits at the radiotherapy, surgery and medical oncology sectors at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, and 48%, 76%, and 42% for X-rays, mammograms and ultrasounds performed at the Institute, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Significant drops in first referrals for oncological services, first visits and imaging studies performed at the Institute, as well as cancer notifications in April 2020 point to a possibility of a delayed cancer diagnosis for some patients during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Slovenia. cache = ./cache/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320247-123v1ddf author = Sheng, Wang-Huei title = SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 953 sentences = 72 flesch = 55 summary = The World Health Organization (WHO) had announced a new name for the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on February 11, 2020 and potential of pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. However, the rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 cases suggests that this virus might transmit more effectively among humans compared to prior strains of coronavirus and that mild illness might be quite common in infected individuals. reported the preventive strategies in hospitals for managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. suggested interruption of COVID-19 transmission by implementing enhanced traffic control bundling, based on the 2003 SARS outbreak in Taiwan. 6 A significantly lower proportion of COVID-19 cases without travel history to China were reported in countries with lower Healthcare Access and Quality Index (HAQ-Index). The data indicated that the countries with lower HAQ-index might have under-reported COVID-19 cases, which could lead to new local epicenters of the disease. 7 The actions of Taiwan's emergency epidemic response plan developed after the 2003 SARS outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320331-wtxja5i9 author = Cabbab, Iris Louise N. title = Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Current Knowledge and Potential Effects on Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10061 sentences = 433 flesch = 41 summary = It is important to note that since the approach of this paper is to provide current knowledge on the anatomic, physiologic and molecular bases of anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid action on the RAAS, this paper will not demonstrate a systematic review or meta-analysis of current clinical evidence, but will only provide insight on the probable influences of the discussed pathways on early SARS-CoV-2 infection. A correspondence by Fang et al published at The Lancet this March discussed that hypertensives and diabetics taking ACE2 inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) drugs may be at an increased risk of infection and severity by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, respectively, citing three studies wherein diabetes and hypertension were major comorbidities of patients with severe COVID-19 and of non-survivors [20] . cache = ./cache/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320145-582kmoyo author = Cardinal, R. N. title = Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5484 sentences = 317 flesch = 46 summary = title: Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering We also varied clinician-clinician contact; baseline and ongoing "external" infection rates; whether overt symptoms reduced transmission risk behaviourally (e.g. via personal protective equipment, PPE); and household clustering. Appointment type and inter-clinician contact had greater effects at low external infection rates and without a behavioural symptom response. In Experiment 1, whole-population infection was dominated by baseline and external infection rates (with infection spreading primarily via intra-household contacts), plus the behavioural response to symptoms (all p⋘α), with only very small contributions from the appointment type and clinician-clinician meetings (Figure 2A) . The beneficial effects of symptom-triggered behaviour were proportionally greater with lower external infection rates, for higher-risk appointment types, and without clinician meetings. cache = ./cache/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320267-n21jryi2 author = AlShoaibi, Naeem A. title = Saudi Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Management of Potential Arrhythmogenicity Associated with Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3487 sentences = 218 flesch = 46 summary = For this reason, we decided to establish national guidelines on early recognition and management of the potential arrhythmogenic risks of some pharmacological therapy used in treatment of Evidence of cardiovascular complications associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to evolve. As the current pandemic continues and these drugs are prescribed "off-label" as treatment or as prophylaxis, correct QTc (heart rate-corrected QT interval) interpretation becomes a fundamental clinical skill for all physi-cians involved in the care of these patients. The management of drug-induced long QT syndrome focuses on the identification of patients at risk of developing long QT, the monitoring QT duration during treatment, the early recognition of QT prolongation, and the correction of reversible causes and treatment of life-threatening arrhythmia, namely TdP. Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin cache = ./cache/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320147-29a7njqi author = Mendes, Luís title = How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8412 sentences = 321 flesch = 40 summary = The dynamics of social protest, demands and pre-COVID urban struggles are now essential in order to capitalise on collective learning, the social capital of the networks created and the impact they have had on placing the issue of the right to housing on the public and political agenda, in the last years (Mayer 2010; Colomb & Novy 2016; Sequera & Nofre 2018) . The second part addresses the new spaces of contestation created by anti-evictions urban social movements in pre-COVID period in Lisbon, namely, their characteristics and organisational forms, assessing the political potential for reversing the current situation of housing crisis. In this context and focusing specifically on the Portuguese case, the resurgence of popular protest and new urban social movements not only continued to be primarily associated to the anti-austerity ideology, as gave a new impetus to collective action in the field of struggles for the right to housing and the city. cache = ./cache/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320139-yfm640jl author = Sun, R. title = Dépistage systématique de l’épidémie à coronavirus 2019 en radiothérapie par scanographie thoracique et PCR : expérience d’un centre date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1730 sentences = 198 flesch = 64 summary = Résultats et analyse statistique Du 18 mars au 1er mai 2020, 507 scanographies dosimétriques ont été réalisées dans le service, dont 445 avec une coupe thoracique, pour un total de 449 patients. Quatre cas (soit 17 %) ont été diagnostiqués en cours de radiothérapie, dont trois par dépistage systématique avant la chimioradiothérapie, et un seul selon les symptômes. Parmi eux, six cas d'infection par le SARS-CoV-2 (soit 3,6 %) ont été diagnostiqués par PCR en cours de radiothérapie, réalisée pour des symptômes dans quatre cas et par dépistage systématique pour les deux autres. Conclusion Cette étude préliminaire, basée sur un seul patient, montre que la définition optimale du volume cible en tachycardie TDM-4D cardiaque : tomodensitométrie synchronisée à l'électrocardiogramme avec injection de produit de contraste ; TDM-4D respiratoire : tomodensitométrie synchronisée à la respiration. cache = ./cache/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320350-zeeozmm9 author = Nisoli, Enzo title = COVID-19 and Hartnup disease: an affair of intestinal amino acid malabsorption date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2496 sentences = 140 flesch = 44 summary = We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binding to intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, negatively regulates the absorption of neutral amino acids, and this could explain not only the GI, but also systemic disturbances in COVID-19. Altered composition of the gut microbiota (as a consequence of impaired amino acid transport and reduced secretion of antimicrobial peptides by Paneth cells in the small intestine) and changes in innate immunity contribute to the colitis phenotype observed in ACE2 knockout mice [17] . Based on clinical observations and basic research, we hypothesise that, in response to the SARS-CoV-2 binding to intestinal ACE2, the absorption of neutral amino acids is negatively regulated in COVID-19 patients. In malnourished patients or conditions of intestinal amino acid malabsorption, as in the COVID-19 or Hartnup patients, the adaptive immune response cannot be effectively initiated because the absorption of essential energy substrates is impaired by SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. cache = ./cache/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320315-p85irulf author = Pulia, Michael S. title = COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2286 sentences = 131 flesch = 27 summary = Patients with COVID-19 infection can present with a wide spectrum of illness severity and nonspecific clinical features (eg, cough, dyspnea) that overlap substantially with other common acute respiratory conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure, and bronchitis. 13 Given the lack of widespread access to accurate and rapid COVID-19 diagnostics, including the absence of point-of-care assays, it is incredibly difficult to differentiate COVID-19 from other acute respiratory conditions for which antibiotics are generally indicated (eg, community-acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations). COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the ED role of host response biomarkers in helping clinicians identify bacterial infections in patients with acute respiratory illnesses. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating known challenges to optimal antibiotic stewardship in the ED, representing an additional direct threat to patient safety and public health via antibiotic overprescribing and promotion of bacterial resistance. Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department cache = ./cache/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author = Hotopf, Matthew title = The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2008 sentences = 93 flesch = 44 summary = We have already seen evidence of the pandemic having particularly adverse outcomes for people from Black and minority ethnic groupsthese differential effects on mental and physical health need to be better understood. It is unknown whether or how these changes in our lives will affect mental health, and therefore research to monitor self-harm and suicide and the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in the general population and populations at particular risk is vital. 5 In understanding long-term outcomes for people with severe COVID-19 illness, it will be necessary to resolve whether any effect on mental health arises from the possible neurotropic action of the virus, a more general impact of the 'cytokine storm' that accompanies severe systemic infection, or the alarming experience of being mortally ill, as related to post-traumatic stress reactions. If research is to address the diverse challenges to mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, several conditions need to be met. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science cache = ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320270-lduhhdld author = Obek, Can title = Management of prostate cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5550 sentences = 322 flesch = 43 summary = National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Association of Urology (EAU), and the Canadian Framework advise against routine PC screening, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination (DRE), for all asymptomatic individuals until the pandemic subsides [11, 14, 17] . Although authors recognize that neoadjuvant ADT prior to surgery is normally not recommended outside of clinical trials, they state that upfront ADT may be an option in patients with UIR, HR, and VHR disease during COVID-19 crisis, if prolonged surgical delays are expected [11] . Likewise, Royal College of Surgeons' Updated Intercollegiate General Surgery Guidance on COVID-19 initial statement of "laparoscopy should generally not be used during the pandemic" was later changed to "consider laparoscopy only in selected individual cases, where clinical benefit to the patient substantially exceeds the risk of viral transmission to surgical and theater teams" [27, 28] . cache = ./cache/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320447-nq9f1gmu author = Lins, Muriel title = Assessment of small pulmonary blood vessels in COVID-19 patients using HRCT date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2811 sentences = 134 flesch = 45 summary = Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, COVID-19 patients showed significant reduction in BV5 (pulmonary blood volume contained in blood vessels of <5 mm(2)) expressed as BV5/(Total pulmonary blood volume) (p<0.0001), and significant increases in BV5-10 and BV 10 (pulmonary blood volumes contained in vessels between 5 and 10 mm(2) and above 10 mm(2), respectively) (p<0.0001). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients display striking anomalies in the distribution of blood volume within the pulmonary vascular tree, consistent with increased pulmonary vasculature resistance in the pulmonary vessels below the resolution of CT. These results suggest that while the pathological changes to the pulmonary vasculature implicated in pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), collectively termed "pulmonary vascular remodeling", occur primarily below the resolution of CT scans, those processes do have a measurable effect on larger, more proximal vessels. In this study we assessed the use of novel CT-derived measures of pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary vascular density in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320455-doup2bqq author = Werion, Alexis title = SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Specific Dysfunction of the Kidney Proximal Tubule date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2871 sentences = 182 flesch = 44 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly associated with kidney damage, and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule cells. At the structural level, kidneys from patients with COVID-19 showed prominent tubular injury, including in the initial part of the proximal tubule, with brush border loss, acute tubular necrosis, intraluminal debris, and a marked decrease in the expression of megalin in the brush border. Thus, our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 causes specific manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction and provide novel insights into COVID-19 severity and outcome. The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor mediating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells, is expressed in the lung, heart, intestine and kidney, providing a rationale for the systemic manifestations of the disease [4] [5] [6] [7] . Human Kidney is a Target for Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection cache = ./cache/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320208-uih4jf8w author = Li, Diya title = Modeling Spatiotemporal Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Caused by COVID-19 Using Social Media Data Mining date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8951 sentences = 527 flesch = 56 summary = In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical PHQ lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. We assessed the level of stress expressed in COVID-19 related tweets by integrating a lexicon-based method derived from established clinical assessment questionnaire PHQ-9 [46] . The CorEx algorithm combined with clinical stress measure index (PHQ-9) helped to minimize human interventions and human language ambiguity in social media data mining for stress detection and provided accurate stress symptom measures of Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320460-7b8lqhl8 author = Shapira, G. title = Ethnic differences in SERPINA1 allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID-19 fatality rates date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1969 sentences = 140 flesch = 46 summary = We present preliminary evidence that these variations may in part reflect ethnic differences in the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of SERPINA1, coding for alpha-1 antitrypsin, the major blood serine protease inhibitor. We examined if population variations in human serine protease inhibitor (serpin) genes may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection rates and fatalities in East and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to other regions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.20179226 doi: medRxiv preprint carrier frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency PiZ and PiS alleles in East and Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in these regions. It is made available under a perpetuity.is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprintThe copyright holder for this this version posted August 26, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320426-fber0yzi author = Xia, Tianyi title = Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1921 sentences = 106 flesch = 52 summary = title: Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019 led to large numbers of people being infected and developing atypical pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). However, we treated three patients with COVID-19 pneumonia initially manifesting as a solitary sub-centimeter nodule on baseline CT imaging in hospital. On baseline chest CT images, there was a sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule with an ill-defined margin in the right middle lobe during a period when the patient did not present with any symptoms (Fig. 3A) . The aim of this study was to alert radiologists that some patients with COVID-19 infection could have only a sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule on baseline chest CT images. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320349-6hbuq0k7 author = Zhou, Hua title = Development of early warning and rapid response system for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): A research protocol date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 187 flesch = 42 summary = Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with different disease severity types; critical deterioration events; patients who had unplanned transfers to an intensive care unit (ICU) and required critical care interventions; intervals from warning to implementation of clinical interventions; hospital mortality; length of ICU and hospital stay; workload of medical staff and risks of exposure to COVID-19. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with different disease severity types; critical deterioration events of patients during treatment, including total incidences and classification of each type of event; patients with unplanned transfers to ICU and requiring critical care interventions (mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, inotropes, and/or other organ-supported therapies) during treatment; time intervals from patient warning information received to implementation of clinical interventions; the severity of illness at unplanned transfer to ICU; hospital mortality; length of ICU and hospital stay; workload of physicians and nurses during study period; risks of exposure to potential COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320361-lld2oib2 author = Jackman, Deirdre title = Crisis and continuity: Rural health care students respond to the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5749 sentences = 250 flesch = 50 summary = For nursing and medical students placed in rural and remote Alberta communities-already struggling with tenuous supply lines and shortages of essential personnel-the COVID-19 outbreak could be considered the latest and most dramatic test of resolve, adaptability, and the capacity to draw clinical and holistic insights from a crisis. Technological connectivity and virtual gathering spaces have been used to support rural, clinical work for years, and the onsite assets impressed the students in their sophistication, Bradley (medicine) photographed the Telehealth station in his placement setting (Figure 8) , commenting, "It's hard to [overstate] how much this has revolutionized rural health care in Canada… I will keep Telehealth in my mind throughout my practice, whether or not I work in a rural community, and remember how important a difference it can make." A few weeks later, he found himself speculating on the same technology as a last resort to continue his involvement in clinical experiences: "There's some hope right now that we might be able to participate in a Telehealth perspective, but it's really unsure right now if that's gonna work, or what educational validity or service that will be." Linda (nursing) also noted wryly that she used FaceTime While she keenly missed this interaction upon her return home, she found a creative way to maintain her fitness regimen and the social element attached to it, as she explained with a picture of the frozen-over Glenmore Reservoir (Figure 11 ). cache = ./cache/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320530-5xltmc65 author = Bozorgmehr, Kayvan title = Power of and power over COVID-19 response guidelines date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 627 sentences = 52 flesch = 53 summary = 1 Germany's COVID-19 response is evaluated as reasoned and scientifically grounded; however, it has exposed undue political influence on national scientific guidelines due to migration policy concerns. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's national public health institute, has rapidly published an abundance of guidelines and recommendations on COVID-19. 2 The Competence Network Public Health COVID-19 raised ethical, legal, and epidemiological concerns about questionable benefits for infection control and high psychosocial burden for refugees, and it urged for national guidelines on prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 in refugee centres. 2 In June, 2020, civil society leaked an unpublished draft guideline by the RKI 3 that mandates asylum seekers should be accommodated in single rooms during the pandemic, and that mass quarantine should be avoided without exception. Key recommendations on SARS-CoV-2 prevention and management in refugee centres remained. public-health-covid19.de/en/ For the RKI's COVID-19 guidelines and recommendations see cache = ./cache/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320360-2qpcot6p author = Gumel, A. B. title = Will an imperfect vaccine curtail the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6539 sentences = 287 flesch = 50 summary = Although the community-wide implementation of basic non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, such as social-distancing, quarantine of suspected COVID-19 cases, isolation of confirmed cases, use of face masks in public, and contact-tracing, have been quite effective in curtailing and mitigating the burden of the pandemic, it is universally believed that the use of an anti-COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to build the community herd immunity needed to effectively control and eliminate the pandemic. The effect of the combined implementation of vaccination and social-distancing strategies, on the control reproduction number of the model (2.1), is also monitored (for the US and the two US states of New York and Florida) by generating contour plots of R c , as a function of vaccine coverage and efficacy, for three levels (low, moder-11 for use under a CC0 license. cache = ./cache/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320389-zgujsi9c author = Kalfaoglu, Bahire title = T-cell dysregulation in COVID-19 date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3855 sentences = 205 flesch = 45 summary = Particularly, we highlight the impairment of FOXP3 induction in CD4(+) T-cells and how the impaired FOXP3 expression can lead to the differentiation of abnormally activated (hyperactivated) T-cells and the dysregulated T-cell responses in severe patients. SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells can detect viral RNA by cytosolic sensors including RIG-1 and MDA5 and produce type-I IFNs, which induces IFN-mediated anti-viral responses [22] . These collectively suggest that the impairment of FOXP3 induction in severe COVID-19 induces autoimmune-like T-cell responses to self-antigens, which deplete immunological resources that could have been used by virus-specific T-cells. In addition, FURIN expression is induced in T-cells by TCR signalling in vivo and in vitro [33] , and therefore, FOXP3 + Treg and highly activated CD25 + CD4 + T-cells could potentially enhance the activation of S protein in inflammatory tissues. Collectively, FOXP3 -CD25 + CD4 + T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients are considered to be abnormally activated (hyperactivated), failing to differentiate into specific T-cell subsets. cache = ./cache/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320474-jyk7zphp author = Bonaventura, Aldo title = Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5082 sentences = 242 flesch = 38 summary = Initial findings from patients with COVID-19 treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody binding GM-CSF receptor α, showed oxygenation improvement and shorter hospitalization. Data supporting the role of hyperinflammation in sepsisrelated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are derived from a sub-group analysis of a phase 3 randomized controlled trial of IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), which showed significant survival benefit in patients treated with anakinra compared to placebo (15) . APC, antigen presenting cell; DC, dendritic cell; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study tested the effects of low-dose hrGM-CSF (molgramostim, 3 µg/kg daily) for 5 days in patients in addition to the standard of care in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and respiratory dysfunction (65) . cache = ./cache/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320509-3a40djjm author = Benke, Christoph title = Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4073 sentences = 190 flesch = 44 summary = Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. However, studies on the effects of different forms and levels of restrictions resulting from public health measures (e.g., stay-at-home orders, being quarantined or reduction of social contacts) on mental health are scarce. For the first time, this study investigated sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors and, specifically, the role of such different types of governmentally imposed lockdown measures for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as other health outcomes across all federal states of Germany. In the present study, we found that a higher level of restrictions due to lockdown measures was associated with more loneliness, higher psychosocial distress and lower life-satisfaction but was not related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology or fearful spells. cache = ./cache/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320535-fo4lzcav author = Geyer, Howard L. title = Movement Disorders in COVID-19: Whither Art Thou? date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 86 flesch = 37 summary = The paucity of movement disorders associated with COVID-19 is particularly striking when contrasted with the neurologic syndrome which affected over a million people worldwide in the aftermath of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza, termed by Constanin von Economo encephalitis lethargica. That encephalitis was associated with a wide range of movement disorders, of which post-encephalitic parkinsonism is the best known, although other manifestations in the acute phase included dystonia, tremor, chorea, myoclonus, and oculomasticatory myorhythmia [6, 7] . Although encephalitis has been described as a cardinal neurological manifestation of COVID-19 during the acute phase of illness [8, 9] , we have yet to encounter any of these associated movement disorder presentations. (In the time since this write-up was first prepared, patients with acute movement disorders and COVID-19 have been reported exiguously; we know of four such reports, which describe myoclonus [10, 11] , a hypokinetic-rigid syndrome [12] , and tremor/ataxia [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320572-94fvtj4a author = Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title = Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5398 sentences = 301 flesch = 43 summary = title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. Inclusion criteria for the RISC-19-ICU registry were (I) a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid amplification according to the WHO-issued testing guidelines [10] , and (II) severe manifestation of COVID-19 requiring treatment in an ICU or intermediate care unit, defined as a hospital ward specialized in the care of critically ill patients with the availability of organ support therapies including invasive mechanical ventilation and/or non-invasive ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320614-5qph7yen author = Patel, Aniruddh P. title = Race, socioeconomic deprivation, and hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a national biobank date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1283 sentences = 81 flesch = 39 summary = Participants with greater Townsend Deprivation Indices were at substantially higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, with a similar pattern observed based on self-reported household income (Fig. 1b, c) . Within a large population of participants in a national biobank, striking gradients in risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 were noted according to race and a metric of socioeconomic deprivation. The increased risk observed in Black participants was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for socioeconomic deprivation, household income, as well as cardiometabolic and respiratory comorbidities. The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study [6] . The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320636-mvtux07x author = Pullano, G. title = Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 319 flesch = 48 summary = Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. In France, the surveillance strategy implemented by authorities to exit lockdown on May 11, 2020 was multifold 2,3 and based on an expanded case definition for COVID-19 suspect cases to guide clinical diagnosis 4 ; recommendations to the general population to seek healthcare even in presence of mild symptoms; prescription of diagnostic tests to suspect cases by general practitioners for systematic and comprehensive testing; isolation of confirmed cases and tracing of their contacts. Here we estimated the rate of detection of COVID-19 symptomatic cases in France in May-June 2020 after lockdown, through the use of virological and participatory syndromic surveillance data coupled with mathematical transmission models calibrated to regional hospitalizations. cache = ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320603-pus087p8 author = Ning, Xianjun title = The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4417 sentences = 218 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. Unlike medical workers who are fighting on the front line, doctors and nurses in neurology departments may be less likely to receive training, including diagnostic testing for COVID-19, responses to infectious diseases, and appropriate donning and removal of personnel protective equipment [21] . This is the first study to report the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression among neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320499-76o2zj0v author = Davoodi, Lotfollah title = Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1385 sentences = 80 flesch = 51 summary = One such medication includes the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a possible therapy for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings. Here, we report on the case of a 42-year-old woman, presented with fever and dry cough, who had COVID-19 and 2 days later presented with a pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash, which started from the distal of upper extremities and rapidly, involved the entire body. One of the drugs prescribed to improve the condition of COVID-19 patients is the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a supportive drug for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320645-wu0sdbrk author = Hakim, Radwan title = COVID-19 et SCA ST+ date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2410 sentences = 243 flesch = 68 summary = Si les objectifs de délais de revascularisation du SCA ST+ (< 120 min) sont souvent difficiles à tenir en temps normal, ils ont été quasi impossible à atteindre en période de confinement tant les obstacles étaient nombreux. Si les objectifs de délais de revascularisation du SCA ST+ (< 120 min) sont souvent difficiles à tenir en temps normal, ils ont été quasi impossible à atteindre en période de confinement tant les obstacles étaient nombreux. Les SCA ST+ chez les patients porteurs du COVID-19 ont souvent une présentation clinique particulière et l'absence d'obstruction coronaire à l'angiographie est fréquente. Les SCA ST+ chez les patients porteurs du COVID-19 ont souvent une présentation clinique particulière et l'absence d'obstruction coronaire à l'angiographie est fréquente. Dans le registre France PCI, ce sont les patients se présentant directement aux urgences qui ont été les plus impactés par ces retards de prise en charge avec notamment un doublement du délai médian « symptômes-premier contact médical (PCM) » (238 vs 450 min ; p = 0,04). cache = ./cache/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320740-npoje09j author = Musa, Arif title = Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2292 sentences = 153 flesch = 54 summary = To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. Given the worldwide urgency for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 and the therapeutic potential of remdesivir, this systematic review was performed to determine the outcomes and adverse events associated with this investigational, anti-viral medication. cache = ./cache/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320647-a3wf2sl1 author = Liu, Qi title = Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1791 sentences = 76 flesch = 56 summary = The confirmed cases and suspected cases before being excluded were assigned to the designated hospitals and wards, close contacts and suspicious exposure persons were isolated at designated places, such as homes, hotels; (2) all relevant medical staff were trained and enhanced hospitals' ability of accommodating patients with COVID-19 infection or being suspicious of infection; (3) strictly adhered to the epidemic reporting scheme and made the information open to the public to make the public aware of what was dangerous, the rules of early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment must be strictly implemented, otherwise it would be punished according to relevant laws; (4) everyone was asked to suspend the Spring Festival holiday in advance, live on the spot and reduce the flow of people; prevention and control teams were set up in each community and village; the activity tracks and temperatures Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of. cache = ./cache/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320625-ggx33mpt author = Lipworth, Brian title = Use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and coronavirus disease 2019: Keep calm and carry on date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1162 sentences = 66 flesch = 46 summary = The novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has inevitably focused attention on whether ICS could predispose to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, especially in older, male, obese, smokers with comorbidities including chronic lung diseases who are susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection and worse outcomes. In addition, it has been found that in sputum cells from 330 asthma patients, the use of ICS was associated with reduced gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2, both of which are pivotal membrane bound receptors involved in the host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Randomized controlled trials may also be warranted in patients who do not have asthma to confirm whether secondary prevention with ICS including ciclesonide or mometasone can prevent progression of early COVID-19 infection in susceptible older patients with comorbidities. Meanwhile, for patients with asthma, the current guidance is to continue taking their ICS containing controller therapy because it may confer optimal protection against viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 and may also prevent eosinophilic related exacerbations. cache = ./cache/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320656-5gu6ejul author = Moran, Joseph V title = Post-Extubation Stridor Complicating COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1573 sentences = 82 flesch = 44 summary = In this case series, we analyzed nine patients from across our institution who were intubated to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and subsequently developed post-extubation stridor. Our analysis suggests that prophylactic corticosteroids given in the 24-48 hours prior to elective extubation in female COVID-19 patients who were intubated for more than six days with consecutive days of intermittent prone ventilation may be helpful in reducing the incidence of post-extubation stridor in this population. In this case series, we present nine patients who required mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and later developed post-extubation stridor. The patients presented in this case series possessed some of the well-described risk factors for the development of post-extubation stridor, specifically prolonged mechanical ventilation (9/9 were >8 days), obesity (6/9 had BMI >26.5), and female gender (7/9) [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320663-xypg6evo author = Market, Marisa title = Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14038 sentences = 659 flesch = 42 summary = A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. Natural Killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system and are critical in the response to many viral infections in humans and animal models (1) (2) (3) . Altogether these studies show that during acute CoV infection, inflammatory monocyte-macrophages and neutrophils accumulate in the lungs and produce cytokines and chemokines that induce the activation and migration of lymphocytes, including NK cells, to the lungs, where they could be one of the main producers of IFN-γ (148). Studies have reported that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have lower levels of circulating NK cells and these express a greater level of inhibitory receptors (e.g., NKG2A) while producing less IFN-γ (127, 129, 130) . cache = ./cache/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320514-nd6c1xjn author = Ari, Selma title = Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3334 sentences = 202 flesch = 47 summary = In conclusion; Elevated eosinophil count is related to lower anti-factor Xa activity in patients with COVID-19 receiving LMWH. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) using laboratory data. When the baseline demographic and laboratory characteristics of the patients in groups 1 and 2 were evaluated, no significant difference was found except for the eosinophil counts and activity of anti-factor Xa ( Table 1 ). Laboratory analysis of the blood collected before the discharge of patients revealed that eosinophil counts in group 1 were higher than in group 2, whereas aPTT and anti-factor Xa activity were lower in group 1 than in group 2 ( Table 2) . Previous studies examined the anti-factor Xa activity after LMWH administration for VTE prophylaxis, and values below 0.2 IU/mL have been shown to be subprophylactic doses [17, 18] . cache = ./cache/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320689-upxsdgqd author = Shetty, Sameep S. title = Vicissitudes in oncological care during COVID19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 727 sentences = 51 flesch = 39 summary = The biological world war "C" against the novel coronavirus has impacted our resources and time-sensitive oncological surgeries. Sensitization, awareness, telephonic triage, refurbishing the operating rooms, and a comprehensive holistic approach using the existing evidence is essential to enhance the clinical decision in the interest of our patients. Robots can turn out to be effective resources in combating COVID-19 by offering (a) Clinical care: telemedicine, navigating high-risk zones and disinfection, automated swab collection, optimal smoke evacuation. COVID-19 can also be a catalyst for integrating robots and Artificial intelligence into the health care system and minimize the exposure risk to health care workers. Endoscopic Skull Base and Transoral Surgery During the COVID -19 Pandemic: Minimizing Droplet Spread with a Negative-Pressure Otolaryngology Viral Isolation Drape ( NOVID ) Combating COVID-19-The role of robotics in managing public health and infectious diseases Robot assisted surgery during the COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320811-9sm7iz5x author = Harkin, Denis W. title = Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic, review article date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3529 sentences = 180 flesch = 45 summary = Medical Ethics can guide us to make the best available choices for our patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, afterwards, we must emerge wiser having learnt lessons and rebuilding trust in surgical care. Surgeons worry that whilst our Healthcare efforts are correctly focused on increasing critical care capacity, infection control, and the multi-pronged strategies to defeat covid-19, the unintended harm caused by cancelled surgical treatment will become huge 3, 4 . Surgeons face unique specialty-specific challenges during this pandemic, including increased personal risk from intra-operative infection and the professional challenges of prioritisation of who receives the limited surgical care available. We discuss how medical ethics may guide surgeons, to do the right thing and get the best available result for their patients during and after this Covid-19 pandemic. Medical Ethics can guide us to make the best available choices for our patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author = Kumar, Harender title = COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4515 sentences = 215 flesch = 48 summary = In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). With reported cases of COVID-19 infected health and sanitation workers (Satheesh 2020 ; Hindustan times 2020; New India Express 2020), waste management of used infectious safety gears has become a critical component to restrict the spread of novel coronavirus (Bherwani et al. The effective management of coronavirus infectious waste, including PPEs, has been identified by as a key area of concern by regulatory agencies in India, with the release of waste handling-treatment-disposal guidelines generated during treatment-diagnosis-quarantine of COVID-19 patients (CPCB Revision 2020; Aggarwal 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320773-zisujjsx author = Sabat, Iryna title = United but divided: policy responses and people's perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5637 sentences = 243 flesch = 50 summary = It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. In order to understand the public sentiment towards the COVID-19 containment measures and to inform future policy development, we collected information on people's support for these policies, their worries in relation to the unfolding epidemic, and their trust in different sources of information. Overall, a north-south gradient could often be noticed in the EU regarding policy support: people living in the southern states (Portugal, Italy, and France) tended to approve of the containment policies more than residents in the northern countries (Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). The first insights obtained from the data showed that containment and mitigating policies undertaken by national governments in response to the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were generally wellreceived by the population in all countries covered by the survey. cache = ./cache/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320681-b3ui95vx author = Zhang, Rui title = COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4138 sentences = 219 flesch = 39 summary = Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that melatonin will have supportive adjuvant utility in treating COVID-19 induced pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected animal model, marked inflammatory and immune responses may activate a "cytokine storm", and apoptosis of epithelial cells and endothelial cells; subsequently, vascular leakage, abnormal T cell and macrophages responses ensue and induce ALI/ARDS or even death [13] . The amplification of the inflammatory response would promote cellular apoptosis or We postulated that lungs infected by SARS-CoV-2, and a suppressed immune response, elevated inflammation and excessive oxidation stress proceed unabated, this results in the activation of the cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320661-p7tyfqyu author = Branson, Rich title = The US Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Ventilators in COVID-19: A Comparison of Functionality and Analysis regarding the Emergency Purchase of 200,000 devices. date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2534 sentences = 159 flesch = 44 summary = Results COVID-19 patients often develop severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and ARDS requiring high levels of ventilator support. Interpretation Current SNS ventilators and those on order are capable of supporting most but not all COVID-19 patients. 7, 8 In contrast, positivepressure ventilation devices (e.g., anesthesia machines, non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive pressure devices, etc.) have a limited number of operational modes and are of limited utility for the prolonged management of patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. Some patients may progress to more classic patterns of hypoxemic respiratory failure with reduced compliance, increased requirements for positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and optimal use of smaller tidal volumes. 21 These devices previously had been suggested for temporary use in limited-resource environments, but a device incapable of meeting patient requirements for pressure, volume, oxygen delivery, and minute ventilation is not a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320895-y6pzrbdi author = Arab-Zozani, Morteza title = COVID-19 in Iran: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Strategies for Preparedness – A Report From the Field date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1820 sentences = 74 flesch = 50 summary = The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel unknown virus that is challenging whole countries all over the world, has prompted different strategies from various governments. Policies, such as social distancing, dramatically increasing social awareness about preventive actions in terms of public health, and using masks and hand washing, were cost-effective policies that resulted in successful control of the virus in the first onset. Possibly in level situations with similar countries, Iran will have far better results regarding preparedness for future pandemics like COVID-19. Iran was one of the first countries affected by the virus, and although the authorities' initial reaction at the beginning of the epidemic was to "keep calm, and ignore the seriousness of the situation by comparing it to seasonal influenza," they subsequently had to change their position and consider tougher controls in the cities, as the course of the virus outbreak seemed to be out of control. cache = ./cache/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320815-p9oh54nt author = Gentile, Pietro title = Research progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs), Drugs, and Vaccines in Inhibiting COVID-19 Disease date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4718 sentences = 234 flesch = 46 summary = Additionally, recent studies reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of MSCs into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggesting their role as anti-viral therapy. In this literature review, the role of regenerative strategies through MSCs, AD-MSCs, and adipocyte-secreted exosomal microRNAs (A-SE-miRs) as a potential antiviral therapy was reported, comparing the results found with current research progress on drugs and vaccines in COVID-19 disease. In this current review, the role of regenerative strategies through MSCs, focusing on AD-MSCs, and adipocyte-secreted exosomal microRNAs (A-SE-miRs) as a potential antiviral therapy was reported, comparing the results found with current research progress on drugs and vaccines in COVID-19 disease. Two clinical trials (EUCTR2020-001364-29-ES and EUCTR2020-001266-11-ES) were registered in April 2020, after the pandemic situation produced by COVID-19 but the last one (EUCTR2019-002688-89-ES) based on the possibility "To assess the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the administration of HCR040, a drug whose active substance is HC016, allogeneic adiposederived adult mesenchymal stem cells expanded and pulsed with H2O2, in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. cache = ./cache/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320632-369kax2m author = Song, Yang title = COVID-19 Treatment: Close to a Cure? – A Rapid Review of Pharmacotherapies for the Novel Coronavirus date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5659 sentences = 335 flesch = 45 summary = The selection of medications in this review is based the 7 th edition of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guideline issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the People's Republic of China ( Table 2) and relevant clinical studies. In a phase 2 open-label COVID-19 trial, which enrolled 127 patients from 6 Hong Kong hospitals, Hung and his colleagues compared triple therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg PO every 12 hours, ribavirin 400 mg PO every 12 hours, and interferon β-1b 8 million IU SQ on alternative days) with a control group of LPV/r [33] . During the 2013 SARS epidemic, observational studies and case reports described IVIG for the treatment of critically ill patients in combination with antiviral therapies. In a COVID-19 case series study, the combination of umifenovir, lopinavir/ritonavir and traditional Chinese medicine alleviated pneumonia symptoms in all four patients and decreased viral load to undetectable in two [68] . cache = ./cache/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320860-qt84oicg author = Zhang, Aining title = Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2359 sentences = 131 flesch = 47 summary = title: Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 However, a recent study suggested that the characteristics of COVID-19-associated J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulopathy(CAC) are different from clotting disorders caused by bacterial infections and other diseases. In order to explore the relationship between coagulopathy and the severity and prognosis of the disease, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the difference in blood coagulation parameters among COVID-19 patients. Our exclusion criteria included (1) asymptomatic patients; J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (2) studies without reporting coagulation parameters; (3) systematic reviews, metaanalyses, editorials and other forms not presenting original data. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320892-dcfi5u04 author = Kaidi, Austin C. title = Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1291 sentences = 86 flesch = 43 summary = title: Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report This case report describes a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by multi-organ system failure requiring intubation who sustained a femoral neck fracture that required total hip arthroplasty (THA). This case report 7 describes a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by multi-organ system failure 8 requiring intubation who sustained a femoral neck fracture that required total hip arthroplasty 9 Furthermore, implant cementation and spinal anesthesia in critically ill 14 COVID-positive patients should be approached cautiously in the setting of pulmonary disease 15 and multi-organ system failure. Furthermore, implant cementation and spinal anesthesia in critically ill 14 COVID-positive patients should be approached cautiously in the setting of pulmonary disease 15 and multi-organ system failure. cache = ./cache/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320673-4guarm0k author = Lopera, E. title = Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4180 sentences = 215 flesch = 47 summary = title: Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes While large-scale genetic studies of COVID-19 patients are being assembled, such as those coordinated by the COVID host genetics consortium (https://www.covid19hg.com/), it is worthwhile to evaluate the effects of genetic variants in genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection on human phenotypes, including quantitative traits, taking advantage of already existing cohorts. Therefore, understanding the role of genetic variants at genes essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection in human quantitative phenotypes is important to explain the observed variability in infection susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and this understanding may suggest potential treatments. In conclusion we carried out an extensive screening of potential genetic associations at common and low frequency variants in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, and found a lack of substantial effect in human quantitative phenotype variation in the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320822-etibcspx author = Wright, Franklin L. title = Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2420 sentences = 128 flesch = 38 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolysis shutdown, as evidenced by elevated D-Dimer and complete failure of clot lysis at 30 minutes on thromboelastography, predicts thromboembolic events and need for hemodialysis in critically ill patients with COVID-19. While not significant, thrombotic stroke rate was also increased from 7% to 30% (p=0.274 In the trauma population, hypercoagulable TEG parameters predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) 2.4 -6.7 fold higher based on higher maximum amplitude (MA) parameters despite appropriate prophylactic anticoagulation [16] [17] [18] [19] . Elevated D-dimer levels were also associated with potential micro-thrombotic disease leading to Recently, acute fibrinolysis shutdown has been demonstrated in early sepsis and found to correlate to increased morbidity and mortality 32 . A TEG LY30 of 0% and a D-dimer of greater than 2600 ng/ml together suggest complete fibrinolysis shutdown and markedly elevated risk of renal failure, VTE, and thrombotic events. cache = ./cache/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320646-xk77u4g0 author = Zumla, Alimuddin title = The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2396 sentences = 132 flesch = 48 summary = The emergence of new pathogens that cause lethal human respiratory illnesses with pandemic potential [2, 3] pose major challenges and rapidly focus the attention of global public health authorities and HCWs. Two zoonotic coronaviruses which cause lethal respiratory tract infections in humans feature on the WHO Blueprint list of priority pathogens for research and development [4] because of their pandemic potential. The World Health Organization International Health Regulations Emergency Committee declared COVID-19 outbreak a Global emergency [11] because SARS-CoV has spread rapidly within and outside China at an alarming pace and has caused considerable consternation and panic among the national, regional, and international public and political communities compounded by news media and social media hype [12] . Although the world awaits the development and evaluation of new vaccines, anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs, antibody, and/or other host-directed interventions [32, 33] , public health infection control measures remain of prime importance in limiting human-to-human transmission, especially among close contacts and HCWs, and minimizing risk of international spread by identifying and isolating patients early. cache = ./cache/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320902-1hfxju5f author = Filocamo, Giovanni title = Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1440 sentences = 88 flesch = 46 summary = As of March 25 2020, in Lombardy, Italy, 1591 patients were admitted in ICUs, of them, 405 (26%) had died in ICU, 256 (16%) had been discharged from the ICU, while 920 patients (58%) were still in the ICU The IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) is a cornerstone treatment for hyperinflammatory conditions such as Still's disease, and has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of cytokine storm syndromes, including macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine release syndrome (9). At day 10, considering the patient's critical conditions (PaO2/FiO2 85, volume control ventilation PEEP 14 FiO2 50%) and the hyperferritinemic inflammatory status with ferritin levels more than 3000 ng/ml, use of off-label anakinra was considered and started with the following dosage schedule: 200mg intravenously followed by 100 mg every 6 hours subcutaneously. Indeed, IL-1 inhibitor anakinra has shown to be highly effective in the treatment of cytokine storm syndromes (15) and has already been proven safe in patients with sHLH associated to viral infections such as EBV, H1N1 and Ebola (10). cache = ./cache/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320877-1i0hzfjk author = KIYKAÇ ALTINBAŞ, Şadıman title = Gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2815 sentences = 142 flesch = 45 summary = Non-urgent elective surgeries have been cancelled or postponed to free up beds for coronavirus critically ill patients, to allow the best use of medical resources for both the patients and the health care providers, and to reduce the contamination risk of healthy people. Although elective surgeries are limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed. Although elective surgeries are limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed. The routes chosen to perform the surgery either by open or by minimally invasive (laparoscopy, robotics or vaginally) techniques, it is vital to follow patient management algorithms prepared within the evidence during COVID-19 pandemic. When aerosol-generating procedures are performed, and until air exchanges have reduced the virus after the procedure, airborne precaution PPE is recommended and should be worn by all surgical staff within the OR during all operations, whether by laparoscopy or laparotomy [5, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320755-0zpnwl2k author = Mateen, Farrah J. title = Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. and Canadian neurologists’ therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4232 sentences = 207 flesch = 51 summary = The overall objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to report the range of impacts of COVID-19 on neuroimmunologists' practice across the USA and Canada; (2) to probe the MS DMT prescribing decisions and planning of neuroimmunologists in the setting of a viral pandemic; and (3) determine the unmet needs and sources of uncertainty that dominate the care of MS patients. Rather than emphasizing fact checking, the survey queried awareness of local COVID-19 cases and patients' health practices, impressions and worries on the risk of COVID-19 to patients taking MS DMTs, and prescribing patterns in various special situations, naming the exact DMTs. As an example, issues related to older patients with MS were queried, defined as age 55 years and older (given the usual age cutoff for most DMT trials to date) or 60 years and older (given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's general consideration of people aged 60 years and older as a higher risk group) [11] , depending on the question. cache = ./cache/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320888-mn7btxy2 author = Ameh, C. A. title = Reproductive Maternal and Newborn Health providers assessment of facility preparedness and its Determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5972 sentences = 319 flesch = 50 summary = Two hundred and fifty-six RMNH workers participated, 35.2% reported that RMNH services were unavailable at some time since March 2020, 39% felt moderate or extreme work-related burnout, 84% were moderately or extremely concerned about the availability of PPE and related guidelines, and only 11.7% were extremely satisfied with the preparedness of their HFs. Our final model was a statistically significant predictor of RMNH worker perception of HF preparedness explaining 54.7% of the variation in the outcome variable. The objective of this study was to assess the preparedness of the health system in Lagos State, Nigeria for the COVID-19 outbreak based on the perception of RMNH providers, and to determine what factors (work-related stress, training, support and coping strategies/support mechanisms, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and guidelines, attendance for RMNH services) significantly predict this. cache = ./cache/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320785-42p8292o author = Lobo, Andréa de Paula title = COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: where we at? date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 682 sentences = 55 flesch = 70 summary = Abstract Objetive to analyze the trends of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 by Federal Units (FU). Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify points of inflection in COVID-19 trends, considering the days since the 50th confirmed case as time unit. Conclusions In summary, our results show that all FUs in Brazil present upward trends of COVID-19. Discussion: Although all FUs presented upward trends in the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19, 18 out of 27 FUs showed a reduction in the pace of the trend in the last segment. Even though the FUs from the Southeast region presented most of the confirmed cases, the highest ADPC values were found in the Northeast and North regions. (36.9;58.8) 3-11 13.8*(12.7;14.9) 11-20 8.1*(7.2;9.0 • All of Federative Units in Brazil shows a upward in accumulated cases of COVID-19. • Each Federative Unit in Brazil is at a different stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320964-1gg33gdn author = Sampieri, Clara Luz title = Revisión de nuevas evidencias acerca de la posible transmisión vertical de la COVID-19 date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4036 sentences = 363 flesch = 60 summary = En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 se ha generado nueva evidencia tras la publicación de la guía de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 13 de marzo de 2020 14 , por lo que efectuamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed de estudios revisados por pares publicados entre el 27 de marzo y el 21 de mayo de 2020, enfocándonos en aquellos trabajos que incluyeran análisis de muestras clínicas de líquido amniótico, placenta o membranas, sangre del cordón umbilical y Se identificaron 107 registros, de los cuales dos condujeron a la misma referencia y uno indicó una ruta de acceso no válida. En los estudios incluidos se identificó la etapa en que la madre tuvo la confirmación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o el diagnóstico clínico de COVID-19, el pronóstico del binomio madre-hijo/a, los resultados del análisis de SARS-CoV-2 del bebé, y las muestras clínicas de líquido amniótico, placenta o membranas, sangre del cordón umbilical o leche humana. cache = ./cache/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320912-jfeu4tho author = Fukui, M. title = Power Laws in Superspreading Events: Evidence from Coronavirus Outbreaks and Implications for SIR Models date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11777 sentences = 786 flesch = 59 summary = This paper documents evidence from recent coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, that SSEs follow a power law distribution with fat tails, or infinite variance. We then extend an otherwise standard SIR model with estimated power law distributions, and show that idiosyncratic uncertainties in SSEs will lead to large aggregate uncertainties in infection dynamics, even with large populations. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128058 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 plots the predicted ranking of infection cases given the estimated negative binomial (NB) distribution, in addition to the log-log plots and estimated power law (PL) distributions. The mean is set to the same value as power law case, R 0 = 2.5, Figure 4a shows 10 sample paths of infected population generated through the simulation of the model with α = 1.1. cache = ./cache/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320935-3n157yl4 author = Kumar, Manish title = Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6613 sentences = 346 flesch = 44 summary = This paper aims to collate information on recent developments on WBE in monitoring the trend of community-scale SARS-CoV-2 prevalence as well as models to predict virus spread and transmission among populations. While several studies have identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the faecal matter of corona-infected patients [35, 36] , there is a growing concern on the transmission of the virus through water treatment plants (WTPs) and WWTPs. Several studies also detected the genetic material of the virus in raw wastewater across the globe [22, 26, 27] . These studies provided enough excellent reasons for modelling the spread of 2019-nCoV with the external environmental conditions, assuming that the cases of infection will decrease through secondary infection routes due to the inactivation of the virus on different surfaces; however, the possibility of transmission via direct contact remains unchanged. cache = ./cache/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320823-a1fq6mno author = Moula, Amalia Ioanna title = Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4126 sentences = 244 flesch = 52 summary = Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might be more susceptible to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have higher mortality rates. Sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the present meta-analysis is aimed to quantify the risk of mortality in relation to sex, age and pre-existing CVD in COVID-19 patients, and attempt to identify the potential factors involved in such a causation. In our analysis, we quantified the risk of death in almost 8500 COVID-19 patients in relation to sex, age, pre-existing CVD and cardiovascular risk factors. The third finding of our meta-analysis is that the presence of cardiovascular diseases, is associated with a higher risk of mortality when compared to COVID-19 patients without pre-existing CVD. Our results demonstrate that sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321030-isc3p46t author = Rodriguez Socarrás, Moises title = Telemedicine and Smart Working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4620 sentences = 273 flesch = 50 summary = EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Telemedicine refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications tools to provide remote clinical health care support. It is time for us to formalize the place of telemedicine in routine urological practice, and it is our responsibility to adapt and learn about all the tools and possible strategies for their optimal implementation during the pandemic to ensure that the quality of care received by patients and the outcomes of patients and their families are of the highest standard. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine facilitates specialized urological clinical support at a distance, solves problems of limitations in mobility, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics, and is useful for reducing the risk of viral transmission in the current COVID-19 outbreak. As telemedicine has been used in previous epidemic outbreaks, it has rapidly been incorporated into solutions to manage COVID-19 patients and in several countries for continuation of specialty care such as urology. cache = ./cache/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320920-mceoozy8 author = Ali, Zain title = Acute COVID-19 Induced Fulminant Systemic Vascular Thrombosis: A Novel Entity date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1147 sentences = 82 flesch = 32 summary = [1] [2] [3] Here, we invoke a new variant of coagulopathy, acute COVID-19 induced fulminant systemic vascular thrombosis (ACoFSVT) characterized by a rapid, widespread, massive peripheral arteriovenous coagulopathy. [4] In our case, irrespective of the endothelial injury, the collision of COVID-19 induced direct vascular thrombosis, inherent to the disease-specific hypercoagulable state, and possible vasculopathy, due to long-standing diabetes triggered vascular occlusion. The rise in d-dimer levels tracked with inflammatory biomarkers (CRP), reflecting both coagulopathy and vascular inflammation, a cause for acute COVID-19 related fulminant systemic vascular thrombosis (ACoFSVT). Regardless, it is imperative to identify early clinical risk factors such as baseline medical conditions that predispose to vasculopathy, significant elevated inflammatory markers and in particular high levels of d-dimer, and adopt an individualized approach to initiation of early therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients. While remarkable efforts to unravel further management of acute COVID-19 related thrombotic complications are ongoing, we advocate for early recognition and timely anticoagulation in patients with high-risk features suggestive of ACoFSVT. cache = ./cache/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320831-owfnttqr author = Klimek, Ludger title = Allergen immunotherapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A position paper of AeDA, ARIA, EAACI, DGAKI and GPA: Position paper of the German ARIA Group(A) in cooperation with the Austrian ARIA Group(B), the Swiss ARIA Group(C), German Society for Applied Allergology (AEDA)(D), German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI)(E), Society for Pediatric Allergology (GPA)(F) in cooperation with AG Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the DGHNO-KHC(G) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3683 sentences = 195 flesch = 41 summary = The highest risk of transmission for medical staff is present when standard precautions are missing, when primary infection prevention and control measures for respiratory infections are not undertaken, and when infected, potentially asymptomatic patients who are not yet tested positive for COVID-19 are treated without protective measures. The staff, including doctors, medical assistants, nutritional scientists, nursing and administrative staff, and all other staff at the facility with patient contact, should be made aware of: a) the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Germany/Austria/ Switzerland and worldwide; b) known risk factors for infection; c) clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19; d) recommended measures to prevent and contain infections in their region or country, including those mentioned in this document; e) procedures for reporting and transferring examined patients and probable/confirmed cases taking into account the appropriate regional regulations and specifications [36, 40] . cache = ./cache/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321088-5gu7rnhj author = Collins, Caitlin title = Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4001 sentences = 217 flesch = 44 summary = The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical resident training experience, assess possible sources of stress or anxiety among surgery residents, and examine how patterns of anxiety vary by resident rank. DESIGN: We developed and disseminated a survey, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), to all general and integrated plastic surgery residents in their clinical years of training at the University of California, San Francisco. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant surge planning required to prepare for it would have a marked impact on the surgical resident training experience and that the inflexible realities of this time would have a significant emotional toll on surgical residents across different ranks and hospital sites. Because we were interested in the impact of COVID-19 on clinically active surgical residents, general and plastic surgery residents in protected research years were excluded from the survey. cache = ./cache/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320864-k9zksbyt author = Remes-Troche, J. M. title = Recommendations for the reopening and activity resumption of the neurogastroenterology units in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Position of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4669 sentences = 256 flesch = 46 summary = When health authorities allow a return to normalcy and in the absence of effective treatment or a preventive vaccine for COVID 19 infection, we recommend a strict protocol to classify patients according to their infectious-contagious status through the appropriate use of tests to detect the virus and its immune response, as well as the use of protective measures to be followed by health personnel to avoid contagion during the performance of a gastrointestinal motility test. Positions have already been established on how to work and/or resume activities at those units (e.g., those issued by the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society [ANMS] 4 and the Grupo Español de Motilidad Digestiva [GEMD]) 5 but due to the fact that the epidemiologic behavior, protective equipment avail-ability, serologic diagnostic test performance capacity for corroborating immunity, and socioeconomic context are different throughout Latin America, a group of experts that are members of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología (SLNG) had a virtual meeting to formulate a consensus document with recommendations for the performance of gastrointestinal motility tests. cache = ./cache/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321044-pfooy6g3 author = Chiu, Joanne S. title = Kawasaki Disease Features and Myocarditis in a Patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1109 sentences = 71 flesch = 53 summary = A 10-year-old male with prolonged fever, rash, and conjunctivitis presented to the emergency department with concern for Kawasaki disease, found to have myocarditis and PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Despite the increasing prevalence and disease burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is limited understanding of the spectrum of pediatric presentations. This case illustrates the unique presentation of a COVID-19 patient with features of KD and myocarditis, presenting with stable vital signs and a normal ambulatory saturation. To date, there has been one published case of a pediatric COVID-19 patient with concurrent KD without cardiac dysfunction [2] and several case series describing myocarditis as a COVID-19 presentation in the adult population [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . Patients presenting with KD features requiring admission now undergo two PCR COVID-19 tests 24 h apart prior to Cardiac involvement in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320980-srpgcy4b author = Aldila, Dipo title = A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6948 sentences = 604 flesch = 71 summary = title: A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rapid testing and social distancing in controlling the spread of COVID-19, particularly in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. The objective of our study is to analyze the effect of rapid testing and self-monitored isolation, and to predict the long-term dynamics of the incidence data of Jakarta, Indonesia. 265 Figure 10 : long-time simulation for prediction of incidence of COVID-19 in Jakarta with easing the social distancing policy combined with more massive rapid test and hospitalization. The model considers many important factors, such as hidden cases, rapid testing to trace hidden cases, limitation of medical resources, social distancing, quarantine/isolation, and parameter estimation for the incidence date from the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. cache = ./cache/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321085-u0pl323l author = Kumar, Karan title = Elevated Liver Chemistries in COVID-19—Is It Not a Concern? date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 607 sentences = 44 flesch = 54 summary = The authors have shown that around 28% of patients with COVID-19 have deranged liver function tests (LFTs) at admission, and furthermore, 32% of patients developed elevated liver chemistries during illness. Another interesting observation made in this study was that deranged LFT has no impact on the outcome of COVID-19 patients. In the recent meta-analysis comprising 107 studies, it has been shown that nonsurvivors and severely infected COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of presenting with a deranged LFT. Elevated liver chemistries also aid in predicting the outcomes of COVID-19, which is in contrast to the observation made in the current study (3, 4) . Despite this correlation in the current study, patients with deranged LFTs had no difference in outcomes. The authors have reported that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing CLD had outcomes similar to those without preexisting CLD, which is in congruence with the observation made in the recently published meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320970-ru2iw0py author = Peeling, Rosanna W title = Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3669 sentences = 186 flesch = 49 summary = On the basis of our knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries without the capacity to do molecular testing at scale to research the use of serology tests to triage symptomatic patients in community settings, to test contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. Point-of-care molecular assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection are now available to enable community-based testing for COVID-19 in LMICs. Unfortunately, the production of these test cartridges takes time and, again, global demand has outstripped supply, leaving LMICs struggling for access. On the basis of our current knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries with restricted capacity for molecular testing to embark on research into the use of serology tests in triaging symptomatic patients in community settings, testing contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. cache = ./cache/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321062-j4cd1uho author = Kottlors, Jonathan title = Body composition on Low Dose Chest CT is a Significant Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Disease - a Multicenter Feasibility Study date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3785 sentences = 212 flesch = 48 summary = Considering the above-mentioned theory that obesity as well as a comparatively lower muscle area represented in a high FMR may have an unfavorable influence on the outcome of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, the purpose of this study was to analyze the FMR as an early biomarker in an early LDCT of the chest for a poor clinical outcome and the necessity of intensive care treatment within the follow up period. 20, 24 Since several studies showed a strong correlations between body composition and measurements on axial CT slices, we J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f used these established methods to quantify obesity in the initial LDCT-scan of COVID-19 patients to predict the clinical course of the COVID-19 patients. Using the FMR measured in the initial LDCT examination -derived from the ratio of total cross-sectional circumference to muscle area -it was possible to predict whether a patient would need intensive care treatment in the period following admission. cache = ./cache/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320994-3ahwc3aq author = Miyashita, Hirotaka title = Do Patients with Cancer Have a Poorer Prognosis of COVID-19? An Experience in New York City. date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 418 sentences = 37 flesch = 59 summary = Zhang However, the mortality rates of COVID-19 in cancer patients were lower than those in patients without cancer in age groups older than 50 years, though they were not statistically significant. 3 Patients with cancer have impaired immune systems, which may decrease the frequency of overwhelming lung inflammation, contributing to these patients' non-inferior mortality rates. 4, 5 Nevertheless, in young populations, whose mortality rate from COVID-19 is very low in general, baseline fragility in cancer patients may lead to a relatively higher rate of deaths. Further study based on the individual patients' data is warranted for a better understanding of the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: A retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer Relative risk of intubation or death in patients with or without cancer stratified by age groups Intubation (event / total) Death (event / total) cache = ./cache/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320945-swr3l0ur author = Liu, Zhenghong title = Dynamic emergency department response to the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic: the experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3371 sentences = 163 flesch = 49 summary = Given that even a single patient in a crowded ED can potentially ignite a nosocomial outbreak of a novel respiratory pathogen, 3 with devastating consequences and the prospect of ED closure, 3, 4 it is crucial to ensure that hospital EDs can continue to operate safely throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, without becoming hotbeds for disease transmission. 6 Over the next few months, our ED rapidly developed and implemented a response plan that maximized the limited physical space and allowed our ED to appropriately manage patients with different risk profiles for COVID-19,while simultaneously maintaining adequate protection for other patients and staff. In general, patients requiring non-ambulatory care in the first phase of our response were at low risk of COVID-19, given that imported cases At the same time, our ED was also experiencing an increase in non-ambulatory suspect COVID-19 cases, given the older age profile of patients presenting during this phase. cache = ./cache/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320930-9yiu0080 author = Liu, Zeming title = Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 169 flesch = 52 summary = title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. In this study, we investigated the association between diabetes as a comorbidity and negative clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large sample of patients from a single hospital in Wuhan, China. Similarly, our data supported that the proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 cases among patients with diabetes was higher than that among those without diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression cache = ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321177-ywkkcagd author = Tamari, Keisuke title = Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 995 sentences = 64 flesch = 49 summary = title: Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists Chinese scientists rapidly identified the causative agent as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by sequencing the complete genome from lower respiratory tract samples of patients in Wuhan [4] . Radiation oncologists in Wuhan, China recently pointed out the importance of patient education and staff training to prevent infection in radiotherapy settings during the COVID-19 pandemic [14] . Here, we investigate the current status of the practice of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments using an online questionnaire. Our first version of the online questionnaire was distributed to radiation oncologists in The majority of the respondents (81.0%) indicated that they had taken some infection control measures for COVID-19. If all radiation oncologists in Japan were asked to respond, the percentage of those taking measures to prevent COVID-19 might be even lower. cache = ./cache/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321089-x85tg8g5 author = Wilson, Jacob M. title = Quantifying the Backlog of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Cases: Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3189 sentences = 186 flesch = 56 summary = QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To help strategize an effective return to elective orthopedic surgery, we aimed to quantify the volume of THA and TKA cases delayed across the USA and estimate the time required to care for these patients when non-urgent surgery resumes. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of delayed THA and TKA procedures resulting from COVID-19 related bans on elective surgery and to project the time it will require to catch up on care for delayed patients as hospitals resume elective procedures. This was defined as number of months needed to surgically manage patients who had surgery delayed by COVID-19, in addition to the baseline procedural volume that would have been expected without the occurrence of the pandemic. Our multi-scenario, adaptable model offers projections of the non-urgent THA and TKA surgical volume postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321311-v2i1caug author = Weller, Michael title = How we treat patients with brain tumour during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2744 sentences = 119 flesch = 39 summary = ► Weigh benefit versus risk of alkylating agent chemotherapy in patients with gliomas lacking MGMT promoter methylation, notably patients with recurrent disease, reduced performance status or in advanced age. Further, we should prudently weigh risk and benefit of systemic pharmacotherapy in all disease areas where there is little or no evidence for pharmacotherapy at all, not only in meningioma or ependymoma in adults but also in recurrent glioblastoma, where no intervention except nitrosoureas in patients with tumours with O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is likely to confer meaningful disease control. Essentially, the same holds true for phase III trials; however, clinical trials evaluating novel treatments that are associated with immunosuppression raise ethical concerns: randomising in the current situation against a standard of care indicates that the benefit of the new intervention is uncertain, but the perceived risk of increased sensitivity to infection would seem to make it prohibitory to place patients on such trials. cache = ./cache/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321302-eowo2mt0 author = Spaetgens, Bart title = The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 387 sentences = 35 flesch = 66 summary = authors: Spaetgens, Bart; Brouns, Steffie H.; Schols, Jos M.G.A. title: The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective Morbidity and 7 mortality in nursing homes that suffered outbreaks of COVID-19 has been high 8 despite the fact that Dutch nursing home care benefits from well-developed care 9 infrastructures that are fully integrated in the national health sector. 2 Despite this, the 10 nursing home sector was overshadowed by the huge national attention for COVID-19 11 in acute hospital care, resulting in evident shortages of personal protective 12 equipment (PPE) and the inability to develop an adequate testing policy due to a too 13 low national test capacity as well. on behalf of AMDA -The Society for Post-acute 75 and Long-term Care Medicine. Allowing visitors back in the nursing home during the COVID-19 crisis -A Dutch 97 national study into first experiences and impact on well-being cache = ./cache/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321176-b4o3nba6 author = Ong, P. M. title = COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8977 sentences = 493 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of this project is to develop multiple indicators that point to probable communities (geographic places defined by the Census Bureau's Zip Code Tabulation Areas) and populations at risk in Los Angeles County with high probability of COVID-19 infection and death across different dimensions. To achieve this, we developed four different indicators of medical vulnerability: 1) Pre-Existing Health Condition, 2) Barriers to Accessing Healthcare, 3) Built Environment Risk, and 4) Social Vulnerability. The following maps display neighborhoods in Los Angeles County by their level of vulnerability across each of the four indicators: pre-existing conditions, barriers to accessing healthcare, build environment risk, and social vulnerability. In Figure 8 , we observe that in the Built-Environment Risk indicator, Black, Latinx and CHL Asian populations are heavily concentrated in neighborhoods designated as either high or highest levels of vulnerability (53%, 55%, 63% respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321074-7jfy8cn6 author = Caruso, Damiano title = Quantitative Chest CT analysis in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2918 sentences = 141 flesch = 45 summary = Quantitative Chest CT analysis was performed with a dedicated software that provides total lung volume, healthy parenchyma, GGOs, consolidations and fibrotic alterations, expressed both in liters and percentage. Lung quantification in liters showed significant differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients for GGOs (0.55 ± 0.26L vs 0.43 ± 0.23L, p = 0.0005) and fibrotic alterations (0.05 ± 0.03 L vs 0.04 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.0001). A recent consensus statement from the Fleischner Society pointed out as imaging is indicated for medical triage of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting moderate-severe clinical features and a high pre-test probability of disease [13] . According to the hospital internal protocol, at the time of admission suspected COVID-19 patients presenting moderate-severe clinical features and a high pre-test probability of disease (fever defined as > 37.5 °C and respiratory symptoms or direct contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient) underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321240-f6qh4fva author = Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade title = Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2246 sentences = 132 flesch = 52 summary = We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimation procedure and found a ~0.045 Covid19 deaths as a result of confirmed cases in Africa. We proceed to estimate the dynamic panel data system generalised method of moment (GMM) (Arellano and Bover, 1995) and impose (and test) the common factor restrictions to account for the potential endogeneity of the number of COVID-19 attributable deaths and number of confirmed cases across 52 Africa states. System GMM, renowned for glowing outcomes with persistent data under trifling assumptions (Arellano and Bover, 1995; Blundell and Bond, 1998) , was used to estimate the model of attributable COVID-19 deaths as induced by confirmed cases. This study examined the spatial density of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across 52 African states and leaned empirical credence to the relationship between confirmed cases and attributable deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321098-j3glby40 author = Bodrud-Doza, Md. title = Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8952 sentences = 399 flesch = 48 summary = Background: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the partial lockdown, the disease intensity, weak governance in the healthcare system, insufficient medical facilities, unawareness, and the sharing of misinformation in the mass media has led to people experiencing fear and anxiety. To understand the possible psychosocial, socio-economic, and environmental impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh, we considered and identified several relevant and possible items based on the socio-economic situation, political analysis, the existing healthcare system, environmental analysis, possible emerging issues utilized from scenario developments, analysis of local and global reports of the COVID-19 pandemic from the print and electronic media, and a literature review. The socioeconomic issues (SEI 10) and immediate emerging issues (IEI2) have a statistically significant positive impact (p < 0.01), e.g., obstruction to the formal education system, and the potentiality of a huge number of people becoming infected may contribute to the fear development of the COVID-19 outbreak in this country. cache = ./cache/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321097-fw05hcr4 author = Annie, Frank title = Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 467 sentences = 30 flesch = 62 summary = title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection Concerns have been recently raised about young patients with COVID-19 presenting with large ischemic strokes 1 . 1 In this focused analysis, we investigated the incidence and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults using a multinational database. We queried the TriNetx Research Network to select patients <50 years of age with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection between January 20, 2020 to April 24, 2020. 6.5%); heart failure To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the incidence and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults with COVID-19 infection. We found a low overall incidence but a grim prognosis of acute ischemic stroke among unselected young adults with COVID-19. Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis of Young Adults with COVID-19 with or without Stroke cache = ./cache/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321258-fj9nel2z author = Huynh, Giao title = Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3015 sentences = 170 flesch = 57 summary = title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. 14,15 Therefore, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 plays an important role, especially in patients with a chronic illness, which will help to develop the effective educational interventions to ensure safe and quality care while stopping onwards viral transmission. This is the first study of its type to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with chronic diseases in Vietnam, and it was performed at the first stage of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321149-hffj7s4o author = Schmidt, Matthieu title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5362 sentences = 284 flesch = 48 summary = Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. This retrospective study, with 83 patients included and a complete follow-up until day 60 post-ECMO initiation is, to our knowledge, the largest to date reporting the outcomes after rescue ECMO for the most severe forms of COVID-19 ARDS, in the Paris-Sorbonne University Hospital Network (Paris, France), the principal hospital referral network for ICU care in Greater Paris, including one of the largest European ECMO centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital). Following early reports of severe COVID-19 associated coagulopathy [16] [17] [18] and frequent thromboembolic events on ECMO, inclu ding massive pulmonary embolism, 19, 20 we decided to increase the targeted activated partial thromboplastin time for anticoagulation of venovenous ECMO with unfractionated heparin to 60-75 s or anti-Xa activity 0·3-0·5 IU/mL (respective values were 40-55 s or 0·2-0·3 IU/mL in the EOLIA trial 3 ) before we treated our first patients with COVID-19 ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321231-zlpa3x2x author = Anand, Pratima title = Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6895 sentences = 348 flesch = 53 summary = title: Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India The study was conducted to describe the clinical profile of neonates born to mothers who tested positive for COVID 19 infection and to determine the association of neonatal COVID 19 status and viral load with maternal clinical status and viral load. • In this study on a limited number of neonates, maternal viral load of COVID 19 (E and RdRp cycle thresholds) was not associated with severity of illness or COVID 19 positivity in neonates. Neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers and requiring NICU care for any reason (comorbidity like prematurity, low birth weight, or transient tachypnoea of neonate) were nursed in separate designated NICU in COVID block. cache = ./cache/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321259-wio2b49i author = Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac title = Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4350 sentences = 243 flesch = 35 summary = Of note, cellular manipulation of autophagic levels during infection may also reflect desperate attempts of the cell to reestablish homeostasis, either through restriction of viral entry by actively shunting endocytosis/endosomal trafficking (possibly resulting in autophagy reduction as a sideeffect) [39] or to counteract virally induced cell death by increasing cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, the group-specific accessory proteins, which by definition are not essential for viral replication but are involved in the modulation of host cells and immune evasion [66, 67] , may represent targets for reducing the autophagy-inhibitory effects of CoVs. The FDA-approved anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been suggested to be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 [68] [69] [70] , but this remains widely controversial [71] [72] [73] . Intriguingly, another recent preprint presents in vitro data showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection restricts autophagy and that, in turn, pro-autophagic compounds -including spermidine -may inhibit viral propagation [85] . cache = ./cache/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321181-bqdsfgdc author = Garitano, Ignacio title = Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto "Covid-19 Trends" en Euskadi date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3190 sentences = 301 flesch = 59 summary = Faltaban datos sobre el numero de casos no testados en España.Para estimar rápidamente el número de casos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la Fundación Io , lanzó, el 19 de marzo, una herramienta web llamada "Covid-19 Trends", a nivel nacional, a través de las redes sociales. La página web de la Fundación iO muestra el cuestionario (https://covid19.fundacionio.com/epidemiologicalquestionnaire.aspx), así como el enlace a los datos en formatos CVS para ser utilizados por las autoridades de salud u otros grupos como universidades o institutos de investigación, de manera gratuita y a tiempo real. El cuestionario "Covid-19 Trends" estimó más de 6.000 casos compatibles con la definición clínica del Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social en Euskadi durante el mes anterior al primer diagnóstico de COVID-19 mediante RT-PCR; esto indica que este tipo de herramienta podría ser útil como sistema de vigilancia temprana. cache = ./cache/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321267-ihd30qi0 author = Daughton, Christian G. title = Natural experiment concept to accelerate the Re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19 date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5350 sentences = 263 flesch = 45 summary = Proposed here is a new but simple concept that would capitalize on the opportunity presented by the on-going natural experiment involving the collection of data from epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing for clinical treatment. These drug usage data would be collected for several major test groups those who test positive for active SARS-CoV-2 infection (using molecular methods) and those who test negative for current infection but also test positive for past infection (using serologic antibody tests). (1) As Covid-19 epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing proceeds, a national database would be continually populated with drug usage data collected from each case among three different combinations of sub-groups based upon whether they tested positive or negative for active SARS-CoV-2 infection or tested positive for past SARS-CoV-2 infection (see Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321137-nxd8i7uh author = White, Michael D. title = Policing a Pandemic: Stay-at-Home Orders and What they Mean for the Police date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5722 sentences = 268 flesch = 52 summary = 2 Clearly, activities that are deemed criminal become the business of the police, and public officials in some jurisdictions have been adamant about enforcement of COVID-19 SaHOs/SiPOs. Maryland Governor Hogan stated the recent arrest of a violator sent a "great message" regarding his intent to enforce the order (Cummings, 2020, para. Second, unlike in other countries where police can respond to emergency legislation that empowers them to enforce lockdown orders aggressively (see Cave & Dahir, 2020) , enforcement of public health orders in the United States is complicated by the Fourth Amendment since that constitutional provision limits police authority to stop, question, frisk, or arrest people absent certain quanta of proof (White & Fradella, 2016) . Given the compelling governmental interest in limiting the spread of COVID-19, reasonable police actions to enforce SaHOs/SiPOs are likely constitutional under several theories, but only one of which likely adequately safeguards civil liberties after the pandemic ends. cache = ./cache/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321379-7bpl5n3j author = Singh, Sweta title = Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3993 sentences = 238 flesch = 56 summary = Methods: In this study, we present the results of molecular docking processes through high throughput virtual screening to analyze drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), ethamidindole, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid, justicidin D, euphol, and curine are few of the lead molecules found after docking 129 known antivirals, antimalarial, antiparasitic drugs and 992 natural products. The best therapeutic drugs inferred from our studies are atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), justicidin D, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid and ethamidindole based on their docking score, interaction studies and their present applications for probable COVID-19 treatment. The authors must discuss in further detail as to how this work compares with other published reports of drugs targeted against SARS-CoV-2.The authors should cite references for the results mentioned in the Introduction section of the manuscript.How was the -6 kcal/mol free binding energy cut-off selected? cache = ./cache/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321282-fyhkok3t author = Beglaibter, Nahum title = Practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in Israel during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4169 sentences = 235 flesch = 53 summary = In the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the bariatric surgeons' community faced many concerns and challenges, especially in light of a decree issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) on March 22nd, to ban all elective surgery in public hospitals. The administrators in the public sector, but more so in the private sector were ambiguous in instructing staff, leading surgeons to a more "personal non-structured" practice in the first phase of the pandemic. On March 22nd, 2020, peak pandemic in Israel, a governmental decree banned all elective surgery (including bariatric procedures) in the public sector. The aim of this survey is to compare the practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in the public and the private sectors during the first phase of the pandemic in light of conflicting guidelines. The information gathered referred to bariatric surgery practice by sector (public, private) following the governmental decree dated March 22nd 2020, as well as contraindications for bariatric procedures and use of protective equipment. cache = ./cache/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321461-1s3y9kc5 author = Rajdev, Kartikeya title = Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in COVID-19: Mounting Evidence date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2467 sentences = 135 flesch = 47 summary = The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors present on various locations such as the pulmonary alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium. This case series describes three distinct yet similar scenarios of COVID-19 positive patients with several underlying comorbidities, wherein two of the patients presented to our hospital with sudden onset right-sided weakness, later diagnosed with ischemic stroke, and one patient who developed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage during his hospital stay. A 76-year-old woman with a past medical history of type-II diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on nocturnal 3 L/min home oxygen, obstructive sleep apnea on BiPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) at home, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection eight days prior to her admission. Stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) occurring in the setting of COVID-19 is reported to have a worse patient prognosis, with a substantially higher risk of in-hospital mortality [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author = Allam, Zaheer title = The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17924 sentences = 938 flesch = 64 summary = The build-up to this global pandemic announcement saw a national wide lockdown declared in Italy on 9th following an uncontrollable and astronomic increase in the number of new cases and deaths in the country (BBC, 2020c) . As the situation escalated, with over 1000 confirmed cases in the country, and over 31 deaths from the virus, the National Basketball Association (NBA), one of the most popular and fancied sporting activity in North America abruptly suspended its season, as of March 11, when a player of the Utah Jazz tested positive for coronavirus, just before their game with Oklahoma City began (Cacciola and Deb, 2020) . While a majority of countries, especially in Europe writhed in desperation from the impacts of COVID-19, China reported a third consecutive day with no local new case of coronavirus (The straits Times, 2020c). cache = ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321387-5epa1bb8 author = Altuntas, Fevzi title = Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2381 sentences = 158 flesch = 60 summary = In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) in the treatment of severe and critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Administration of CP 20 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis or COVID-19 related symptoms were associated with a higher rate of MV support compared with the first 3 interval groups (≤5 days, 6-10 days, 11-15 days) (p=0.001) CONCLUSION: CP therapy seems to be effective for a better course of COVID-19 in severe and critically ill patients. From the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health database, severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-containing CP along with the antiviral treatment (n = 888) were selected and included in the study. Therefore, patients who received CP treatment in the first 5 days of their COVID-19 diagnosis may represent a rapidly worsening clinical course as they became severely or critically ill in the first 5 days of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321440-sts3re6p author = Klein, Sebastian J. title = Unrecognized diabetes in critically ill COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 902 sentences = 62 flesch = 53 summary = We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of diabetes in all critically ill patients admitted to the four dedicated COVID-19 intensive care units (ICU) at the University Hospital in Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria, which covers 180,000 inhabitants as primary hospital and also functions as a tertiary referral center for the whole region of Tyrol. Of 47 COVID-19 patients admitted to our ICUs, HbA1c was measured in 44, which were included in the analysis ( Table 1 ). Recent data demonstrating viral particles in endothelial cells of several organs suggest "endotheliitis" as a possible mechanism of organ dysfunction leading to critical illness in COVID-19 patients which may be aggravated by endothelial Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *If specified in the patients' health records dysfunction associated with prediabetes and diabetes [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321403-fe4vgwz8 author = Bellini, Maria Irene title = Kidney transplantation and the lock‐down effect date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 583 sentences = 32 flesch = 53 summary = All rights reserved The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted the healthcare system: when "business as usual" is no longer possible, as Intensive Care Units (ICUs) follow the principle of "capacity to benefit" to accommodate as many COVID-19 patients requiring ventilation as possible, there is an important decrease in the organ pool 1 . The lack of ICU capacity to accommodate donors dying from different reasons than COVID-19, leads to a drastic reduction of the transplant activity, important resource to be preserved in a safe and clean environment, separated by the rest of the dedicated COVID-19 beds. Preliminary data from Italy show already a 30% reduction in kidney transplant activity during the lock-down, in parallel with ICU COVID-19 beds crisis ( Figure 1 ). patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), kidney transplant activity is expected to be run again. cache = ./cache/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321503-w2m078r1 author = Cardwell, Ryan title = COVID-19 and International Food Assistance: Policy Proposals to Keep Food Flowing date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 177 flesch = 50 summary = We discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the demand and the supply of international food assistance, and we propose three policy changes that can keep food flowing to those in need. Second, governments can exempt food assistance from trade barriers that impede procurement (export restrictions) and delivery (import tariffs). Third, donor countries can allow flexibility for implementing agencies by untying food assistance from domestic procurement and shipping restrictions. The policies that we present can keep food assistance flowing, and would not impose additional costs on donor countries-an important consideration for donor-country governments that are facing economic recessions. Increased need for food assistance will strain donors' and funding agencies' budgets, and reduce capacity to respond to other emerging (non-COVID-19) events over the next few years. Most other major donor countries provide food assistance as untied cash, leaving less space for policy changes to increase efficiency. Donor countries could commit to maintain, or even increase, funding for emergency food assistance. cache = ./cache/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321455-ooouqna7 author = Li, Tao title = Characteristics of laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients with non-severe symptoms in Hefei City, China: diagnostic value in organ injuries date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2117 sentences = 119 flesch = 52 summary = In the peripheral blood system of non-severe symptom COVID-19 patients, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin N-terminal, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 significantly decreased, and total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, human epididymal protein 4, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein were elevated. In the process of continuous monitoring, the expression of CRE in patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those in the controls on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days of admission, and showed an overall downward trend (Fig. 3a) . The expression of Ca 2+ in patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those in the controls on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th days of admission, and showed an overall upward trend (Fig. 3d ). cache = ./cache/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321499-17n9tj70 author = Marini, John J. title = Integrating the evidence: confronting the COVID-19 elephant date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1707 sentences = 104 flesch = 46 summary = The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that figures so prominently in severe cases of COVID infection may seem familiar but has historically predisposed to such logical missteps [6] . This simple perception provided for adult patients a convenient explanation that paralleled that of the infant respiratory distress syndrome, a condition for which the root cause mechanism had already been confirmed [8] . As pathologic severity increases, key definitional features of ARDS (extensive infiltrates, hypoxemia) usually proceed in synch, serving to guide clinical treatment and prognosis by gas exchange criteria. Respiratory system compliance is not invariably low in the presence of severe hypoxemia Do patients progress to diffuse airspace disease via patient self-inflicted lung injury (PSILI)? Covid-19 does not lead to a "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome Management of Covid-19 respiratory distress Potential for lung recruitment and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019 cache = ./cache/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321412-6g3obmzc author = Khamis, Faryal title = Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults with Severe COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3142 sentences = 168 flesch = 55 summary = Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed on patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed or imminent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or severe pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The use of TPE in severe COVID-19 patients has been associated with improved outcomes, however, randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to draw final conclusive findings. TPE was given after 7 and up to 14 days of illness to adult patients, 18 years of age, with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 disease who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed or imminent respiratory failure and any one of the following conditions (ARDS Definition Task Force, 2012): The study enrolled a total of 31 COVID-19 patients fulfilling the WHO case definition (WHO Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, 25 January 2020, 2020) with an overall mean age of 51  15 years (range: 27-76 years) and 90% (n = 28) were males. cache = ./cache/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321315-bzmokdzk author = Tanacan, Atakan title = The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2136 sentences = 136 flesch = 54 summary = title: The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery in a Turkish pandemic center. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals should be cautious in the labor and delivery of high-risk pregnant women during the pandemic period and universal testing for COVID-19 may be considered in selected populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery in a Turkish pandemic center. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, number of previous miscarriages, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), gestational age at birth, birth weight, 1st-5th minute Apgar scores, route of delivery (spontaneous vaginal deliver yor cesarean section) and SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were compared between the healthy and high-risk pregnant women. cache = ./cache/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321380-e5zq15hz author = del Campo, P. Lázaro title = No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient undergoing allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from a matched-related donor with unknown COVID-19 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1883 sentences = 122 flesch = 53 summary = In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, applied to our case, the low concentration of viral RNA in plasma of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 [5] , and a theoretical inefficacy of SARS-CoV-2 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f to replicate inside lymphocytes could support the safety of blood products, including peripheral blood hematopoietic cells. cache = ./cache/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 author = Oliveira, E. title = ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4015 sentences = 219 flesch = 46 summary = Background Observational studies have consistently described poor clinical outcomes and increased ICU mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU in the largest health care system in the state of Florida, United States. Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important improvement in mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 who required ICU admission and MV in comparison to previous observational reports and emphasize the importance of standard of care measures in the management of COVID-19. Our observational study is so far the first and largest in the state of Florida to describe the demographics, baseline characteristics, medical management and clinical outcomes observed in patients with CARDS admitted to ICU in a multihospital health care system. Clinical outcomes available at the study end point are presented, including invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU care, renal replacement therapy, and hospital length of stay. cache = ./cache/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321402-7a04kx5n author = Rezakhani, Leila title = Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2985 sentences = 180 flesch = 48 summary = title: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises exosomes derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ExoFlo) were used for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients. Despite the potential of MSC-derived exosomes for treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the use of exosomes for any purpose in SARS-CoV-2, including but not limited to reducing cytokine storm, exerting regenerative effects or delivering drugs are currently pending the generation of appropriate manufacturing and quality control provisions (49) .Current clinical trials highlight the potential benefits of stem cell secretome therapies for COVID-19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Treatment of severe COVID-19 with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321586-lgbod553 author = Danielli, Shaun title = Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1119 sentences = 80 flesch = 54 summary = title: Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison METHODS: The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention's countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. RESULTS: The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product. 1 Economic interventions are also crucial in this response as the World Health Organization defines one of the biggest determinants of health is income 2 with lives significantly shortened by socioeconomic inequality. The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic interventions countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic and countries' responses are an evolving situation, and the information presented here was correct as of 24 May 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321568-okvt1fg3 author = Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title = Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4111 sentences = 225 flesch = 40 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Among many compounds, naringenin (NAR) a flavonoid present in citrus fruits has been investigated for antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties like reducing viral replication and cytokine production. In this perspective, we summarize NAR potential anti-inflammatory role in COVID-19 associated risk factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Naringenin (NAR) is an important natural flavonoid present in citrus fruits, like grapefruit (43.5 mg/100 mL) and oranges (2.13 mg/100 mL) (19), with a high analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and anti-viral effect (20-23) (Figure 1) . Further investigations and clinical trials are needed to help understand the role of NAR consumption in humans during a viral infection, especially in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321593-x6mdkyq6 author = Dunnick, N. Reed title = Most Adaptable to Change date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1523 sentences = 100 flesch = 53 summary = These and other measures are slowing the increase in new cases and giving healthcare facilities more time to gather the materials needed to care for these patients. Healthcare facilities have curtailed routine medical care in order to focus on COVID-19 patients. As a result, many radiologists are able to work from home, using workstations connected to the PACS and supported by the medical center or department's information technology team. As our academic medical centers have expanded, often incorporating community hospitals, one of the things most valued by those physicians working remotely is access to tumor boards and other multidisciplinary conferences. Radiologists, many of whom are already suffering from "burnout" can make use of this COVID-19 downtime by taking care of ourselves, engaging in personal development, supporting others, or participating in continuing medical education or maintenance of certification credits. Must a radiologist come into the hospital or outpatient imaging center to use the same workstation he or she has at home? cache = ./cache/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321552-lsz1onrj author = Membrilla, Javier A. title = Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross‐Sectional Study date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4335 sentences = 256 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: To describe the semiology of pain and its associated features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and headache presenting to the emergency department who do not require urgent services. 27 We hypothesized that COVID-19-related headache might be one of the most frequent symptoms of the infection and can have a more severe presentation in patients with migraine. We aimed to describe the semiology of pain and associated symptoms in patients with COVID-19-related headache in a clinical setting who visit the emergency department but do not require urgent services. Study Population and Eligibility.-Patients attending the emergency department of our hospital were included if they met all of the following inclusion criteria: (1) patients classified by the Manchester Triage System 29 as priority levels 5 (non-urgent) and 4 (standard); (2) fulfilled the criteria for a "probable COVID-19 case" or "confirmed COVID-19 case" according to the WHO guidance on global surveillance for COVID-19; 30 (3) and presented with headache alongside other COVID-19-related symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321770-g5xcfhnh author = de Farias, Emmerson Carlos Franco title = MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2337 sentences = 117 flesch = 42 summary = CASE DESCRIPTION: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis of MIS-C should be considered among children and adolescents aged from zero to 19 years, with characteristics of typical or atypical Kawasaki disease or shock syndrome, according to the case definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 8 , described in Chart 1. In this study, we describe a case of MIS-C in an infant infected with SARS-CoV-2, after parental authorization, which had a fatal outcome despite the support received in pediatric intensive care. This case report emphasizes the fatal clinical course of an infant admitted with infection by SARS-CoV-2, associated with significant comorbidity, presenting with hyperinflammatory and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. cache = ./cache/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321747-u2v1w99n author = Korytkowski, Mary title = A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3805 sentences = 232 flesch = 49 summary = Appropriate glycemic management contributes to a reduction in adverse clinical outcomes in acute illness but also requires intensive patient interactions for bedside glucose monitoring, intravenous and subcutaneous insulin administration, as well as rapid intervention for hypoglycemia events. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 Some suggested methods for limiting exposure time for health personnel when caring for patients with COVID-19 includes minimizing the use of IV insulin infusions in critically ill patients, using remote continuous glucose monitoring devices (CGM) devices to minimize time spent in direct patient contract, and reconsidering use of non-insulin therapies. Previously published guidelines recommend discontinuation of non-insulin medications and initiation of insulin therapy for patients with diabetes or newly recognized hyperglycemia at time of hospital admission (5,6,11). cache = ./cache/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321459-5atonb89 author = Llalle, Wildor Samir Cubas title = Impact on the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Residents’ Learning Curve During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 919 sentences = 36 flesch = 29 summary = Given the great role that the COVID-19 pandemic has been generating and its undeniable negative impact on the learning curve in the residency program in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, a variety of technological alternatives have emerged to try to compensate the lack of traditional academic training in medical residency towards a virtual hybrid model [2] . The success of the learning curve in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery residents is determined by the circle of permanent and uninterrupted learning, articulated by 3 fundamental pillars: the theoretical component consisting mainly of the constant review of the medical literature and the periodic participation in clinicalsurgical conferences or gatherings led by mentor surgeons; the component of strengthening operational skills that allow the acquisition of procedural skills through training using simulation; and, finally, the practical component, in which the resident actively participates as an observer, assistant or main surgeon in various surgical procedures. Given the imminent negative impact on the learning curve of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery residents due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to recondition a new multifaceted approach that allows for virtual surgical education. cache = ./cache/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321543-qdmvn44h author = Webb, J. B. title = Computational Simulation to Assess Patient Safety of Uncompensated COVID-19 Two-patient Ventilator Sharing Using the Pulse Physiology Engine date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5535 sentences = 309 flesch = 39 summary = The simulated patient outcome metrics were satisfactory when the lung compliance difference between two patients was less than 12 cmH2O/mL, and the oxygen saturation index difference was less than 2 mmHg. Interpretation: In resource-limited regions of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic will result in equipment shortages. The simulated patient outcome metrics were satisfactory when the lung compliance difference between two patients was less than 12 cmH2O/mL, and the oxygen saturation index difference was less than 2 mmHg. In resource-limited regions of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic will result in equipment shortages. The new Pulse multi-patient engine simulates multiple patient physiology engines in lockstep to compute the effects of unequal, and potentially dynamic, differences in patient breathing mechanics when connected in parallel branched breathing circuits subject to a single pressuremode ventilator. Validated ARDS and mechanical ventilator models, with the added ability to specify the patient's respiratory compliance, allows for reasonable COVID-19 pathophysiology simulations. cache = ./cache/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321784-nubu5fuz author = Salazar, E. title = Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston, Texas date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3560 sentences = 224 flesch = 58 summary = Patients were transfused with convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and had been symptom free for 14 days. At day 7 post-transfusion with convalescent plasma, nine patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical scale, and seven of those were discharged. 22 We performed the present study to provide additional data on these initial clinical observations of patients' clinical course and subsequent improvement after receiving convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19. Although our study has limitations, the data indicate that transfusion of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease. Our study was performed to evaluate the safety and potential benefit of transfusing convalescent plasma to patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Outcomes from this case series of 25 patients indicates that administration of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321816-ipbwpw26 author = Fawad, Muhammad title = Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 770 sentences = 46 flesch = 44 summary = Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases Muhammad Fawad 1 , Fatima Rawashdeh 1 , Parveen K. In Jordan, Syrian refugees with non-communicable diseases typically access clinical care and medications at no cost through clinics supported by humanitarian organizations. Since January, the International Rescue Committee in Jordan has been conducting a study on the impact of supplementing clinical care with out-of-clinic support through a Syrian community health volunteer network, on adherence to medications and prevention of severe outcomes among Syrians and uninsured Jordanians with poorly controlled diabetes and/or hypertension (Clinical-Trials.gov, NCT04229667). As clinical care is resumed, it is important to think about how to use community health volunteers to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in this population. Second, community health volunteers could provide refugees with a trusted connection to surveillance systems, risk communication, and the epidemic response, which is a major aim of community engagement [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321497-c7l88gjn author = Tull, Matthew T. title = Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5737 sentences = 309 flesch = 52 summary = This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N = 500; 47% women, mean age = 40). To extend this research to the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the U.S., the present study examined associations of stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). Descriptive statistics for the primary variables of interest (stay-athome order status, perceived impact of COVID-19, depression symptom severity, health anxiety, financial worry, loneliness, and social support) were computed, as were point-biserial and Pearson product-moment correlations to examine zero-order associations among variables. The goal of the present study was to examine associations of stay-athome orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). cache = ./cache/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321633-qr2w7azj author = Yadav, Sanjay Kumar title = Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool “EMERGE” date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4008 sentences = 202 flesch = 45 summary = title: Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool "EMERGE" Given the importance of this subject, we recognized an overt need to evaluate these guidelines in the form of a rapid scoping review and to construct a simple quality appraisal tool which gives due weightage to their impact on surgical services from the global south and can be used to evaluate rapidly emerging guidelines. This rapid scoping review of rapidly emerging laparoscopic surgery guidelines during COVID-19 found two major research gaps: lack of systematic review of the evidence (due to the urgency of situation and fear for the safety of HCPs) during their development and insufficient weightage of their impact on surgical services from the global south. EMERGE': Construction of a simple quality appraisal tool for rapid review of laparoscopic surgery guidelines during COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321718-nzxvbj8b author = Khan, Moien AB. title = “Covibesity,” a new pandemic date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 620 sentences = 44 flesch = 57 summary = The COVID-19 lockdown produced behavioral, psychosocial and environmental changes 31 which, through a variety of mechanisms, has led to widespread rapid weight gain 32 amongst certain populations worldwide. The COVID-19 lockdown produced behavioral, psychosocial and environmental changes 31 which, through a variety of mechanisms, has led to widespread rapid weight gain 32 amongst certain populations worldwide. 33 There has been an increase in food shopping, food take ways and increase in alcohol Since declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, rapid global spread of 59 the disease has led to unprecedented measures. The early surge in cases threatened to 60 overwhelm medical services and led to more than 2.6 billion people going into lockdown 61 in order to 'flatten the curve' of COVID. The impromptu nature of such 63 lockdown has triggered rapid weight gain, or covibesity. COVID 19 related home confinement in adults: weight gain 161 risks and opportunities cache = ./cache/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321768-oevswvvd author = Duan, Ya-qi title = Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2307 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. Characterization of compositions of the immune cells within the lung tissues and draining hilar lymph nodes from the postmortem specimens might provide valuable insights on how the immune responses in the deceased patients were dysregulated and offer new strategies for treatment. To gain insight into the human immune responses during a fatal SARS-CoV2 infection, we performed postmortem autopsy studies of the immune cell compositions within the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients, and 4 FOP patients who underwent lung surgery served as controls. cache = ./cache/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321852-e7369brf author = Wang, Bo title = AI-assisted CT imaging analysis for COVID-19 screening: Building and deploying a medical AI system date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6468 sentences = 373 flesch = 50 summary = In this paper, we introduce a automatically AI system that can provide the probability of infection and the ranked IDs. Specifically, the proposed system which consists of classification and segmentation will save about 30-40% of the detection time for physicians and promote the performance of COVID-19 detection. Using the dataset, we train and evaluate several deep learning based models to detect and segment the COVID-19 regions. [34] also build a U-Net based segmentation model to separate lung lesions and extract the radiologic characteristics in order to predict the hospital stay of a patient. [42] develop three widelyused models, i.e., ResNet-50 [43] , Inception-V3 [44] , and Inception-ResNet-V2 [45] , to detect COVID-19 lesion in X-ray images and among them ResNet-50 achieves the best classification performance. The positive data for the segmentation models were those images with arbitrary lung lesion regions, regardless of whether the lesions were COVID-19 or not. cache = ./cache/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321867-7n88rl6p author = Jee, J. title = Oncologic Immunomodulatory Agents in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3944 sentences = 259 flesch = 49 summary = A recent retrospective study found a possible trend toward worse outcomes associated with corticosteroid use in cancer patients, although no analysis was performed to correct for possible selection bias in which sicker patients received those medications [11] . For all analyses we considered the number of patients who developed a primary composite endpoint of respiratory failure (use of nonrebreather, high-flow nasal oxygen, or mechanical ventilation) or death within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. When patients were stratified by level of respiratory support, corticosteroid use was associated with worse outcomes in the pre-2L oxygen cohort (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.9), a trend not observed in the post-2L oxygen (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-1.9) and post-critical cohorts (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.4), though these additional analyses were limited by All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.20145458 doi: medRxiv preprint from neutropenia 60 to 180 days prior to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis did not have worse outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321878-bnjupaik author = Deliwala, Smit S. title = A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2249 sentences = 133 flesch = 46 summary = title: A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) Patient: Male, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 •multi organ failure/septic shock • pneumothorax Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea • fatigue • myalgia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Mechanical ventilation • thoracentesis Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: COVID-19 patients that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) "CARDS" behave differently compared to patients with classic forms of ARDS. In previous cases of SARS patients, pneumothorax was noted at 14-37 days after the initial diagnosis [16] , suggesting that a sustained period of lung inflammation serves as a pre-requisite, a similar time course as our patient Recently a scoring system was proposed to predict the risk of developing critical illness in COVID-19, allowing early interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the high disease burden [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321698-8q25z6ci author = Spratt, Daniel I title = COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 825 sentences = 58 flesch = 41 summary = title: COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy Although all of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-associated hypercoagulability are not clear, multiple laboratory abnormalities related to coagulation occur commonly in hospitalized COVID-19 patients including increased levels of Ddimer, fibrinogen, fibrin, fibrinogen degradation products, and cytokines as well asdecreased antithrombin,variable platelet counts over the course of disease, and platelet-fibrin contraceptives (COC's) and other estrogen therapies as well as pregnancy-associated risks. As this Commentary is being submitted, no reports of increased incidence of VTEs in pregnant women or women taking estrogen preparations who also have COVID-19 have emerged. Establishing models for basic research into mechanisms of hypercoagulability in COVID-19, let alone intersecting effects of COVID-19 and estrogen therapy or pregnancy, has several hurdles and will require innovative novel animal and tissue models. cache = ./cache/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321960-p4twpm2z author = Thibaudin, Marion title = Immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with cancer date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3149 sentences = 186 flesch = 48 summary = CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is associated with CD4 T cell lymphopenia with induction of an inflammatory T-cell response, accumulation of IFNγ(+) TNFα(+) CD8 T and Th17 cells, and a concomitant modification of monocyte activation status. Regarding maturation of monocytes, we observed that HLA-DR low monocytes, which harbor a monocytic MDSC phenotype, were increased in COVID-19-positive cancer patients, while HLA-DR high -activated monocytes were decreased ( Figure 3B ). Together these data underline the induction of CD3 lymphopenia, with an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio, a change in monocyte activation, accumulation of mMDSC-like cells and a decrease in activated monocytes in COVID-19 positive cancer patients. Interestingly, we observed in the basal peripheral blood a marked decrease in HLA-DR expression in CD8 T cells in COVID-19-positive patients ( Figure 4D) , which is marker of T cell activation [10, 11] . cache = ./cache/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321598-ae241pmd author = de Vries, A.P.J. title = Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2280 sentences = 132 flesch = 49 summary = Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning but not limited to organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. In less than 60 days, despite increasingly stringent measures of the Dutch government to halt the spread of the infection, 28, 153 individuals have tested positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), 9,127 patients have been admitted to hospitals across the country (of which 2,508 in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) [4] ) and 3,134 have died, according to RIVM (National Institute for Public health and the Environment, April 15, 2020). To facilitate extra time needed for recipient test results to become available, allocation for liver, heart and lung transplantation is initiated before donor SARS-CoV-2 screening is known (Table 1A) . cache = ./cache/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321976-ao3bg8xi author = Robinson, Philip C title = Management of autoimmune disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1019 sentences = 66 flesch = 47 summary = So far there has not been any increase in the risk of hospitalisation for COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs alone (e.g. methotrexate) or in combination with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors, compared to patients who were not taking these drugs. 1 Another study of people infected with COVID-19 compared 52 patients with rheumatic disease, including 39 taking immunosuppressants, with 104 matched COVID-19 positive controls. 3 In a series of 525 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, poorer outcomes with COVID-19 were associated with increasing age, comorbidities and systemic glucocorticoids. 4 When advising patients taking immunosuppressive drugs during the pandemic, a comprehensive risk assessment should consider the consequences of changing treatment. When coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, there was concern regarding the potential for poor outcomes in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for rheumatic diseases. American College of Rheumatology guidance for the management of rheumatic disease in adult patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Version 1 cache = ./cache/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321865-cn9dm6ju author = Anca, Diana title = Electrophysiology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York Tertiary Hospital Experience date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2981 sentences = 161 flesch = 39 summary = Teamwork is essential as the electrophysiologist might be called to address the arrhythmias in coordination with primary care, ICU, cardiology and anesthesia teams for any patient who needs urgent, emergent, or semi-urgent electrophysiologic procedures. In our institution, the task force that was formed to guide procedures in the EP/Catheterization laboratory worked in conjunction with the hospital administration, anesthesia department engineering and transportation departments, and providers to determine the steps and workflow required to assure appropriate isolation of the COVID-19 positive patient or person under investigation (PUI). In order to care for patients with electrophysiologic disturbances during the crisis, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) COVID-19 Rapid Response Task Force, in conjunction with the American College of The HRS/ACC/AHA recommendation to postpone or cancel non-urgent procedures was based upon federal and state executive orders and the strain on hospital systems who were diverting all resources to care for COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322054-whjisspt author = Zhang, S. title = Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3482 sentences = 224 flesch = 52 summary = title: Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic We aimed to investigate the disease status, concerns about management, and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic imposes a negative impact on the disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients. The effects on SAPHO syndrome therapy during COVID-19 epidemic Therapeutic medication used during the epidemic was variable, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or glucocorticosteroids (47, 29.9%), biologicals (27, 17.2%), traditional Chinese medicine (111, 70.7%), and drugs for external use (11, 7 .0%). We presented a detailed analysis of psychological stress of SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic under different disease conditions and disease manifestations. The data showed that the epidemic had a negative psychological effect on SAPHO patients and led to their worries about disease conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321846-pzmewp2r author = Alvarado, Amado title = COVID-19 associated with onset nephrotic syndrome in a pediatric patient: coincidence or related conditions? date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1069 sentences = 67 flesch = 47 summary = CASE-DIAGNOSIS: We present a 15-year-old boy who tested positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and onset of nephrotic syndrome, without antecedent of kidney disease and who had normal urine tests shortly before being affected by COVID-19. Respiratory manifestations are the predominant presentation of COVID-19 among symptomatic patients; additionally, it is relevant to emphasize that multiple organ involvement, including the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver, bone marrow, and kidney, has been reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [1, 2] . Information about COVID-19 in children with nephropathies is lacking; a report from Spain described 16 patients with chronic kidney diseases presenting mild respiratory symptoms and few radiological manifestations. Herein we describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with a complete picture of onset of nephrotic syndrome along with respiratory symptoms in a pediatric patient. In summary, the patient described in this report with no history of chronic kidney disease, admitted because of nephrotic syndrome and respiratory syndrome, and tested positive for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321787-6k4c6zei author = Rogo, Tanya title = Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 42 flesch = 42 summary = title: Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York To the Editor-On April 27, 2020, the Paediatric Intensive Care Society of the United Kingdom reported cases of critically ill children presenting with features of Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome, associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our initial clinical experience of mostly mild COVID-19 illness in children changed with the presentation of children with systemic inflammation and cardiac involvement, all of whom tested negative at presentation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with subsequent positive antibody testing. We propose that in addition to simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing, inflammatory markers, cardiac enzymes, and electrocardiography should be considered in lymphopenic pediatric patients presenting with fever, significant tachycardia, and gastrointestinal symptoms in areas with widespread community transmission of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322063-96suqyfg author = Kampmeier, Stefanie title = A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 133 flesch = 40 summary = title: A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit Here, we report a nosocomial cluster of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) that occurred on a COVID-19 dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) despite intensified contact precautions during the current pandemic. Whole genome sequence-based typing (WGS) was used to investigate genetic relatedness of VRE isolates collected from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the outbreak and to compare them to environmental VRE samples. METHODS: Five VRE isolated from patients (three clinical and two screening samples) as well as 11 VRE and six vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus faecium (E. RESULTS: WGS revealed two genotypic distinct VRE clusters with genetically closely related patient and environmental isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate the importance of continued adherence to infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent VRE transmission and healthcare associated infections. cache = ./cache/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321873-9l9zp6gm author = Zhou, Bo title = The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 608 sentences = 49 flesch = 64 summary = title: The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding. The RT-PCR tests were performed on throat swabs following a previously described method 3 Moreover, another study displayed that four patients with COVID-19 who met the criteria for hospital discharge in China had positive RT-PCR test results 5 to 13 days later 6 , suggesting that recovered patients might still be virus carriers. Based on the results, we did not observe shortening of viral shedding time in the above groups, so it implied that all patients with severe COVID-19 should complete adequate course of treatment, regardless of sex and age. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322034-8wwqxkjl author = Ma, Ke title = From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine: treatment of mental disorders in COVID-19 survivors date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5215 sentences = 253 flesch = 45 summary = In addition to this, on the basis of signs and symptoms, TCM were used on treat mental disorder as per suggested clinical and animal experimental data plus relevant records in classical Chinese medicine books written by Zhang Zhongiing during Han Dynasty. Therefore, due to the fear of disease, physical discomfort, drug side effects and social isolation, COVID-19 patients might be suffering from loneliness, anger, anxiety, depression, insomnia and PTSD in the period of treatment and isolation [20] . Ganmai Dazao Decoction was indicated for "Hysteria disease", whose symptoms were sadness, crying, mood disorders, and abnormal behavior, Decoction combined with Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets in the treatment of menopausal depression and found that the total clinical effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the single group [51] . Research suggested that patients with PTSD of Yin deficiency of heart and lung Syndrome were suitable to be treated with Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction. cache = ./cache/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322244-3en3yey1 author = Nkengasong, John N title = Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast date = 2020-02-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 63 flesch = 48 summary = Because of the high volume of air traffic and trade between China and Africa, 1 Africa is at a high risk for the introduction and spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); although only Egypt has reported the first case, from a non-national. To help develop a common strategy that will allow for effective coordination, collaboration, and communication, the African Union Commission, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), and WHO, in partnership with African countries, have established the Africa Taskforce for Coronavirus Preparedness and Response (AFTCOR). Second, any effective preparedness and response strategy for COVID-19 requires a committed political will; as such, the African Union Commission, Africa CDC, and WHO convened, on Feb 22, 2020, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, an emergency meeting of all ministers of health of 55 member states to commit to acting fast and collectively to develop and implement a coordinated continent-wide strategy. cache = ./cache/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321984-qjfkvu6n author = Tang, Lu title = A Review of Multi‐Compartment Infectious Disease Models date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21853 sentences = 1094 flesch = 48 summary = Despite relying on a valid infectious diseases mechanism, deterministic approaches have several drawbacks: (i) the actual population in each compartment at a given time is never accurately measured because we only obtain an observation around the mean; (ii) the nature of disease transmission and recovery is stochastic on the individual level and thus never certain; and (iii) without random component in the model, it is neither possible to learn model parameters (e.g. R 0 ) from available data nor to assess prediction uncertainty. In an early stage of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the daily infection and death counts reported by health agencies are highly influenced by the availability of testing kits, reporting delays, reporting and attribution schemes, and under-ascertainment of mild cases in public health surveillance databases (see discussions in Angelopoulos et al., 2020; Banerjee et al., 2020) ; both disease transmission rate and time to recovery or death are also highly uncertain and vary by population density, demographic composition, regional contact network structure and non-uniform mitigation schemes (Ray et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322229-a7sz6e3c author = Suryadevara, V. title = Mental Health Status among the South Indian Pharmacy Students during Covid-19 Pandemic Quarantine Period: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2258 sentences = 130 flesch = 54 summary = The current study represents the mental health survey conducted on the students of South India after the completion of one month quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: In India during the outbreak of COVID-19, an alarming number of students were found to have an impact on mental health due to the outbreak and were observed to have higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. This study represents probably the first mental health survey conducted in the students of South Indiaafter the one month quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak. After the country's outbreak of COVID-19, the government of India declared public health emergency of National concern, 26 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe depressive symptoms; 31.5 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe anxiety symptoms,and 19 % reported severe to extremely severe stress levels. cache = ./cache/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322102-4fi0y96f author = Zimmermann, Matthias title = Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4690 sentences = 252 flesch = 47 summary = During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the specialty must organize patient treatment in such a way that infection transmission is reduced to a minimum, while all relevant treatment options are at hand to provide adequate patient care. The search items used were "coronavirus disease 19, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, pandemic, oral surgical procedures, oral and maxillofacial surgery, dental, personal protective equipment, infection prevention and control." The last search was run on 29 March 2020. Healthcare workers who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and have recovered from COVID-19 should continue to follow infection control precautions, including use of the recommended personal protective equipment. Depending on the number of infected patients, there might come a time of risk of a scarcity of medical staff, ventilators, negative pressure rooms, and personal protective equipment. cache = ./cache/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322142-y7v8tcnb author = Kapoor, Indu title = Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals – A crucial phase date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 559 sentences = 42 flesch = 54 summary = • Transportation of COVID-19 patient carries very high transmission risk to personals involved. Apart from procedures that promote aerosol production, transportation of COVID-19 patient carries a very high transmission risk to personnel involved. If available, one can use a barrier enclosure, that is, a transparent plastic box with small ventilation ports on both sides covering head of the patient. [5] In situations where none of the above is available, use of large transparent sheet to cover the patient from head to toe could be a possible solution. For shifting of intubated COVID-19 patient, a dedicated transport ventilator should be utilized. Aerosol box and large transparent sheets covering patients head can also be used in intubated COVID-19 patients to avoid aerosol exposure. The purpose of this communication is to highlight possible measures that can help avoid aerosol exposure to the personnel involved in shifting of COVID-19 patients. Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 cache = ./cache/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322256-mv9ll0h4 author = Edelman, E. Jennifer title = Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1747 sentences = 73 flesch = 40 summary = We reflect on how this relates to (1) testing, including contact tracing; (2) health system redesign; (3) telehealth; (4) health disparities; (5) political denial, with inadequate and uncoordinated governmental response; (6) occupational exposure; and (7) complex reactions among healthcare providers. Experiences with HIV and partner services has taught us the critical role of public health collaboration to promote contact tracing to ensure that individuals who have been exposed to an infectious disease receive appropriate counseling, testing, and treatment [2] . The differences in routes of transmission render COVID-19 many fold more dangerous than HIV in the health care setting and mandates the need for ensuring adequate PPE for healthcare workers and others providing care for individuals exposed by aerosols and contact with patients with COVID-19 and cannot be overstated. cache = ./cache/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321983-566pbuic author = Liu, Wei title = Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease date = 2020-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3806 sentences = 206 flesch = 45 summary = All patients were evaluated and clinically typed upon admission, according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia version 4 (trial)." [5] Specific clinical types included: (1) common: fever, respiratory tract infection symptoms, and so on, with imaging indicating pneumonia; (2) severe (any of the following conditions): I, respiratory distress, RR ≥30 breaths/min; II, oxygen saturation 93% at rest; III, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 )/fraction of inspired oxygen 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); (3) critical (any of the following conditions): I, respiratory failure and a requirement for mechanical ventilation; II, shock; III, concomitant failure of other organs and requirement for ICU monitoring and treatment. After 2 weeks of hospitalization, disease evaluation and clinical typing were performed on all patients according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia version 4 (trial)." [5] All patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group based on clinical typing results. cache = ./cache/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322087-gj5mfzxz author = de Sanctis, Vincenzo title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4581 sentences = 244 flesch = 48 summary = This paper summarises the current findings (April 3,2020) from a systematic literature review on the current knowledge of COVID-19 in adolescents (10-19 years according to the WHO definition) and reports the preliminary epidemiological data stated by the Italian National Institute of Health. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in stool specimens but according to WHO-China report, fecal-oral transmission did not appear to be a significant factor in the spread of infection (Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-2019. Detailed epidemiological information based on a larger sample of COVID-19 patients is needed to determine the infectious period of SARS-CoV-2, as well as whether transmission can occur from asymptomatic individuals during the incubation period ("pre-symptomatic" period). In a small number of case reports and studies, a familial cluster of infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 has been reported, indicating possible personto-person transmission during the incubation period (18, 19) . cache = ./cache/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321990-z83c4e47 author = Ravioli, Svenja title = COVID-19 screening in outpatients with risk factors and healthcare workers date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 310 sentences = 24 flesch = 70 summary = A total of 344 (45%) tests were carried out in HCWs, including 26 with additional risk factors, while 414 (55%) were carried out in PRFs. The mean age of HCWs was 39 years (±17 years) and 254 (74%) were female. In total 44 (5.8%) tests were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 17 (5%) in HCWs and 27 (6.5%) in PRFs. Throughout March 2020 the rate of positive tests increased continuously, correlating with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. After screening, all persons were initially managed as outpatients, 7 persons with positive test results, 1 HCW and 6 PRFs, needed hospitalization during the course of the disease (0.92%), 6 recovered well, while 1 person is still critically ill and requires intensive care treatment and mechanical ventilation. The present analysis confirms the rise in prevalence of positive tests correlating with the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Interestingly, the hospitalization rate in the screening population remained relatively low even though the majority of positive test results occurred in PRFs. cache = ./cache/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322259-khknne8s author = de Roquetaillade, C. title = Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1318 sentences = 93 flesch = 46 summary = All patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and arterial thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. Patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (rt-PCR) and arterial thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. Reported arterial thrombotic events were acute coronary occlusions (n=9), stroke (n=6), limb ischemia (n=3), splenic infarcts (n=3), aortic thrombosis (n=2) activity tested in 2 patients was normal. In this multicentric serie of patients, severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was complicated with atypical severe arterial thrombotic events including acute coronary infarction, stroke, and limb ischemia not prevented by thromboprophylaxis. This statement is to certify that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript being submitted, have contributed significantly to the work, attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation, and agree to its submission to the International Journal of Cardiology. cache = ./cache/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322267-pbj819vk author = Gautam, Sneha title = COVID-19: air pollution remains low as people stay at home date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 71 flesch = 54 summary = The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) released air pollution data for Asian and European countries to assess the significant changes in air quality. The main objective of the study is to compare the air quality data released by international agencies before and after the novel coronavirus pandemic. The ESA collects air quality data by using TROPOMI instruments using Sentinel -5P satellite during COVID-19 lockdowns. The results (i.e., 70% and 20-30% NO 2 reduction in India and China, respectively) indicate that there are significant changes in the level of NO 2 identified in Asian countries due to COVID-19. In this study, the variation of NO 2 which was collected from the satellite (Sentinel -5P) was used to indicate the significant reduction in the level of NO 2 in Asian and European countries due to COVID-19 lockdowns. cache = ./cache/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322159-3anst3os author = Kiaghadi, A. title = Assessing COVID-19 Risk, Vulnerability and Infection Prevalence in Communities date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3423 sentences = 214 flesch = 56 summary = Methods: Across 46 variables, we defined five broad categories: 1) access to medical, 2) underlying health conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters, and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Thus, the goals for developing the planning tool are to better understand 88 medical access gaps and demands for hospitalization, identify parts of the county where more 89 protective measures and response actions need to be put in place, and have a data-driven 90 framework for estimating case numbers, hospitalizations, and deaths by census tract. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089839 doi: medRxiv preprint vulnerability findings presented above for Harris County (Fig 6, and yellow highlighted values in 426 Table 3); a total of 59,307, 98,702, 78,723, 105,431, and 59,624 seniors (+65 years) , who are at 427 most risk of COVID-19 mortality, are living in areas with the highest vulnerability in Category 1 428 through 5, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322009-0cwljo0c author = Ma, Ling title = Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3793 sentences = 170 flesch = 42 summary = Although the number of confirmed global cases of COVID-19 now exceeds 16 million, as of July 29, and several retrospective observational studies have noted that coinfection with other respiratory pathogens is relatively common, [1] [2] [3] [4] the clinical features of coinfection and its impact on patient outcomes, is yet to be clarified. All these patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, using sputum or nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected in the interval between the onset of symptoms, and up to seven days after their hospital admission. Routine laboratory tests, including tests for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral and atypical bacterial pathogens, routine blood investigations, coagulation studies, organ function tests and inflammatory biomarkers, such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), were taken at the time of patient presentation, while the serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were obtained on the 2nd day of admission. cache = ./cache/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322296-8j4xw3vp author = Passamonti, Serena Maria title = Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: “The great bet” in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1513 sentences = 99 flesch = 51 summary = title: Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: "The great bet" in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION solid organ transplantation may be considered challenging for waitlist patients during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM the aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 incidence and mortality in patients transplanted in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area during the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS this study showed a low COVID-19 incidence and related-mortality in patients transplanted during the COVID-19 era. this study showed a low COVID-19 incidence and related-mortality in patients transplanted during the COVID-19 era. The first outcome was the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in transplanted patients and COVID-19 related mortality. In our study COVID-19 had a 4.0 % incidence in recipients transplanted during the pandemic, with a specific COVID-19-related mortality of 0.8. In conclusion, among transplanted patients in the "COVID-19 Era", the incidence of infection and its mortality is very low. cache = ./cache/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322079-87iqc21s author = Agostiniani, Rino title = Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1716 sentences = 85 flesch = 48 summary = title: Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society The Italian Pediatric Society recommend to separate well visits from sick ones, to educate families and to promote hygienic strategies to provide an adequate pediatric assistance in case of a second pandemic wave. Although most pediatric cases are mild, pediatricians should maintain suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, visit sick patients and monitor their clinical conditions for the risk of complications, in order to avoid the spread of the infection to other children, schoolmates caregivers, family members and physicians. Regarding healthcare providers, as COVID 19 is not yet over in Italy, the Italian Pediatric Society recommend to use strategies to separate well visits from sick ones. In case of sick children, the Italian Pediatric Society recommends to identify those with signs or symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and: cache = ./cache/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322258-rl9o60cs author = Parmar, Chetan title = Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1055 sentences = 73 flesch = 56 summary = title: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 8.9 million globally and caused death of nearly 469,587 people (https:// www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ situation-reports). Published literature shows that the predictors of poor outcomes in COVID-19 infection are obesity, hypertension (HT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1] , (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are more susceptible for respiratory infection and have poor outcomes (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports). There were also concerns that BMS alters immunity and these patients are at higher risk of getting infected by COVID-19 [8] . Patients with BMS surgery are not at increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared with the general population. Patients with obesity who had BMS, decreases their fat stores, improves their comorbidities, and hence makes them less susceptible to severe outcomes if they catch COVID-19 infection. We need to strategize to fight these two pandemics, COVID-19 and obesity, simultaneously [1] (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/ Reports). cache = ./cache/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322099-mb17dnf2 author = Shanahan, Lilly title = Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5539 sentences = 263 flesch = 41 summary = Emotional distress (perceived stress, internalizing symptoms, and anger), COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies were measured during the pandemic/lockdown when participants were aged 22. CONCLUSIONS: In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults' emotional distress than COVID-19-related health risk exposures. In addition, we assessed stressors related to secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. economic and lifestyle disruptions); and also hopelessness, low trust in societal responses to the pandemic, and frequent COVID-19-related news-seeking as factors that could be associated with increased emotional distress. In addition, pre-pandemic social stressors, stressful life events, low generalized trust, poor self-rated health, and concurrent pandemic-related stressors (i.e. during-pandemic lifestyle and economic disruptions, loss of occupation/education) and other risks (e.g. hopelessness and low trust in responses) were associated with during-pandemic distress. cache = ./cache/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322386-fkmrzitm author = Duran, Emine title = Vital corner of diagnostic challenge: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or COVID-19 pneumonia? date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1597 sentences = 109 flesch = 46 summary = Inevitably, COVID-19 ranks first in differential diagnosis of all patients with respiratory symptoms and signs in current pandemic days. EGPA was diagnosed depending on coexistence of asthma, eosinophilia in peripheral blood, MPO-ANCA positivity and paranasal CT abnormality (Table 1) . In current pandemic days, COVID-19 positions the first in differential diagnosis of all patients with respiratory symptoms and signs. 9 EGPA is a disease characterised by systemic necrotising vasculitis and eosinophilia that can occur in patients with asthma. In that case, the patient had eosinophilia, bilateral GGO in lung and skin lesion, but he had no asthma and ANCA tests results were negative. 13 To investigate other causes of GGO in patients who have atypical CT findings for COVID-19 pneumonia with negative RT-PCR test result is important. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322279-6ffnejwj author = Kwon, Seungwon title = Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 259 flesch = 48 summary = 10 In this short narrative review, we will discuss the current clinical use and antiviral effects of Soshihotang (SSHT, Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese, Shosaikoto in Japanese), which has been used in the past mainly for infectious diseases with chronic progression. Based on the search results, we summarized the following items in the form of a narrative review; i) indications of SSHT in classical medicine and in symptoms of COVID-19, ii) utilization status and clinical evidence of SSHT in infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, iii) antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental studies, iv) potential role of SSHT in repurposing J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the treatment of COVID-19, v) SSHT variants that can be used according to various clinical symptoms, and vi) cautions when using SSHT. cache = ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322313-bq1g5g6p author = Kamishima, Tamotsu title = Editorial for “Clinical Potential of UTE‐MRI for Assessing the COVID‐19: Patient‐ and Lesion‐Based Comparative Analysis” date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1114 sentences = 66 flesch = 48 summary = 3 Due to the rapid spread and increasing number of COVID-19 cases caused by a new coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the rapid and accurate detection of the virus and/or the disease is increasingly vital for controlling the sources of infection and for preventing progression of the illness in patients. The accurate diagnosis of viral pneumonia based on imaging may indicate isolation and can inform the management of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially when there are no scientifically proven therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. In this issue of JMRI, Yang et al 8 report the results from a prospective study that aimed to evaluate the clinical potential of ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) for the assessment of COVID-19 using CT as the reference method. Clinical potential of UTE-MRI for assessing COVID-19: Patient-and lesion-based comparative analysis cache = ./cache/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322110-crt3h6ua author = Arcari, Luca title = Incidence and determinants of high-sensitivity troponin and natriuretic peptides elevation at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3486 sentences = 184 flesch = 43 summary = As compared to those with normal cardiac biomarkers, these patients were older, had higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia by higher CRP and d-dimer and lower PaO2/FIO2. We observed hs-Troponin and NP to be associated with both preexisting factors leading to higher vulnerability of myocardium (age, anemia, renal failure, previous CVD) as well as markers of COVID-19 pneumonia disease severity (d-dimer [9] , CRP [24] and PaO2/FIO2 [27] ). Finally, irrespective of the underlying mechanisms and in accordance with previous studies [10, 13] , we observed higher in-hospital mortality in patients with either high hs-Troponin or NP within our population, strengthening the hypothesis that cardiac biomarkers assessment might provide useful information to aid COVID-19 pneumonia risk stratification. cache = ./cache/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322336-ktxi3v3a author = Griffin, John H. title = COVID‐19 hypothesis: Activated protein C for therapy of virus‐induced pathologic thromboinflammation date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1707 sentences = 97 flesch = 35 summary = In preclinical studies, activated protein C (APC) provides negative feedback downregulation of excessive inflammation and thrombin generation, attenuates damage caused by ischemia‐reperfusion in many organs including lungs, and reduces death caused by bacterial pneumonia. APC, activated protein C; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for reducing death due to pneumonia and sepsis. Taken together, these preclinical studies imply that APC's cell-signaling actions may reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced damage in severely ill patients with COVID-19 involving pneumonia, lung inflammation, pulmonary hypoxemia, and some other organ pathologies. Thus, we hypothesize that 3K3A-APC, which has been demonstrated to be safe in humans when given as repeated boluses over 2 days, 22, 23 would be a beneficial therapy of appropriately selected patients with COVID-19 at risk of serious illness and death because it would reduce uncontrolled inflammation and endothelial and epithelial dysfunction and would attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in lungs and/or other organs. cache = ./cache/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322337-4xhwm3k4 author = Desai, P. S. title = Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA) to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Houston date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1760 sentences = 135 flesch = 61 summary = The present study introduces a new AI model, viz., Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA), that has been trained on COVID-19 test positivity data and news sentiment from over 2750 news articles for the Harris county. The model forecasts that in order to curb the spread of coronavirus in Houston, a sustained negative news sentiment will be desirable. This study attempts to develop a multivariate artificial intelligence (AI) model to analyze timeseries of COVID-19 positivity and news sentiment. The AI model is inspired by Google's Wavenet (11) architecture and uses IBM Watson Discovery News (12) to mine COVID-19 sentiment in the news articles. The COVID-19 test positivity data for Harris county was obtained from the website of Texas Department of State Health Services (https://dshs.texas.gov/coronavirus/additionaldata.aspx). SITALA forecast (gray window) shows how maintaining a negative sentiment in the news about the spread of COVID-19 can be beneficial to control and 15 eventually decrease test positivity. cache = ./cache/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322404-lj5hfuqm author = Halvatsiotis, P. title = Demographic and Clinical Features of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Greece: The Burden of Diabetes and Obesity date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2726 sentences = 146 flesch = 53 summary = Abstract Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes of critically ill Covid-19 patients in Greece. Methods In this retrospective observational multi-centre study, data and outcomes of 90 RNA 2109-nCoV confirmed critically ill patients from 8 hospitals throughout Greece, were analysed. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes and obesity may have contributed to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 critically ill patients in Greece. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes of critically ill Covid-19 patients in Greece. The aim of this retrospective observational study, was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes in Greek patients admitted to ICUs for respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322205-vui1jh2v author = nan title = Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112 sentences = 15 flesch = 83 summary = key: cord-322205-vui1jh2v authors: nan title: Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003513 sha: doc_id: 322205 cord_uid: vui1jh2v nan Staff nurse Natasha Singh sits on a bench outside a COVID-19 ward. She is nearing the end of her shift and is tired beyond words, and thus takes a moment to sit down and catch her breath. However, there is work to be done and she does the necessary documentation work before the end of her shift. A self-portrait wearing personal protective equipment. Photo credits (page XX): Top row, left to right: self-portrait of Carlos Borba All India Institute of Medical Science cache = ./cache/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322427-6hsdlogg author = Holten, Aleksander Rygh title = Predicting severe COVID-19 in the Emergency Department date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3513 sentences = 253 flesch = 54 summary = Patients were assessed upon hospital admission using the following scoring systems; quick Sequential Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity index (PSI). quick Sequential Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity index (PSI). In this prospective observational study, we have evaluated and compared the predictive characteristics of commonly used scoring systems for sepsis and pneumonia applied to a cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital. Since the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the scoring systems in the ED, only the calculation of qSOFA, SIRS-criteria, CURB-65, PSI, NEWS2 and P/F-ratio from the patient's first assessment at the hospital were included. In conclusion, our study revealed that NEWS2 was equivalent to CURB65, PSI and P/F-ratio, but more accurate than SIRS and qSOFA, in predicting severe disease among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322332-0pi3wcv5 author = Conforti, Claudio title = Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti‐inflammatory action against IL‐6 in COVID‐19 outbreak date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 511 sentences = 37 flesch = 40 summary = An open-label nonrandomized clinical trial suggested that chloroquine and its less toxic metabolite, hydroxychloroquine, may be effective against COVID-19. In fact, in addition to its well-defined antibiotic effects (bacteriostatic action by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis), in vitro studies have shown doxycycline to exert anti-inflammatory effects at low (20-40 mg/day) and high (100 or 200 mg/day) doses with inhibitory action on metalloproteases and modulating effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 7 The anti-inflammatory properties of doxycycline and other components of tetracycline has been demonstrated for several inflammatory airway diseases, including, acute respiratory distress syndrome. 8 Thereby, low doxycycline doses have been shown to be more effective than high doses to prevent induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6) in inflammatory diseases. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322483-up3738e7 author = Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima title = Dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a Rapid Response Team operation in Brazil: Quality in practice date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1668 sentences = 90 flesch = 55 summary = We aimed to assess an intervention to deal with the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the operations of a rapid response team (RRT). The number of critically-ill cases and the number of treated patients increased two-fold in relation to the pre-pandemic period, but the effectiveness of the RRT in relation to mortality was not affected. LESSONS LEARNED: The observation of these data is important for hospital managers to adjust the size of their RRTs according to the new scenario, aiming to maintain the intervention effectiveness. The rapid response teams (RRTs) consist of health professionals exclusively dedicated to providing care to hospitalized patients identified at being high risk of worsening, using criteria of the severity of illness and clinical deterioration, with MEWS (Modified Early Warning Score) being one of the most frequently used scores (4) . This brief report seeks to present the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a rapid response team operation from a large quaternary hospital in Brazil. cache = ./cache/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322385-sc2vxxnn author = Ebinger, J. title = SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Across a Diverse Cohort of Healthcare Workers date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3672 sentences = 205 flesch = 38 summary = Main Outcomes: Using Bayesian and multi-variate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody titers, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential Covid-19 illness related exposures; and, symptoms consistent with Covid-19 infection. Recognizing the range of factors that might influence antibody status in a given individual, we focused our study on not only estimating seroprevalence but also on identifying factors associated with seropositivity and relative antibody levels within the following three categories: (1) pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; (2) potential Covid-19 illness related exposures; and, (3) Covid-19 illness related response variables (i.e. different types of self-reported symptoms). In adjusted analyses, we compared differences between serology status (i.e. antibody positive versus negative) in each variable of interest, grouped into one of three categories: (1) preexisting demographic and clinical characteristics (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, race, and selfreported medical comorbidities); (2) Covid-19 related exposures (e.g. self-reported medical diagnosis of Covid-19 illness, household member with Covid-19 illness, number of people living in the home including children, type of home dwelling, etc); and, (3) Covid-19 related response variables (e.g. self-reported fever, chills, dry cough, anosmia, nausea, myalgias, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322439-86dojc70 author = Celarier, Thomas title = Covid-19: Adapting the geriatric organisations to respond to the pandemic date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 91 flesch = 51 summary = French hospital geriatric departments are mobilized to make the patient flow easier, ensuring continuity of care and coordinating all healthcare professionals. This organization enabled to offer geriatric care both within hospital structures and within nursing homes. The creation of a specific Covid-19 telephone hotline allowed a direct link between structures such as nursing homes and the hospital centre. These telephone hotlines, which are a specific plan between GP and nursing homes to hospital geriatricians, are endowed with mobile teams to assess and assist in the care of residents in these structures. Associated with this new organization, mobile teams propose medical care to nursing home patients at their places of residence and, if necessary, in coordination with the palliative care and/or home hospitalization teams (16, 17) . Given the situation and particularly in nursing homes, an adaptation of dedicated hotlines and mobile hospital teams improved the management of the patient's flow. cache = ./cache/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322456-5at1euqm author = Rokohl, Alexander C. title = Die Rolle der Augenheilkunde in der COVID-19-Pandemie date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1837 sentences = 210 flesch = 47 summary = Im Dezember 2019 wurde Dr. Li Wenliang, ein Augenarzt aus der Volksrepublik China, in seinem Krankenhaus auf 7 Patienten, die alle unter einem schweren akuten Atemnotsyndrom litten und vorher einen Großmarkt in Wuhan besuchten, aufmerksam. Das COVID-19 auslösende Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) wurde durch die Coronavirus-Studiengruppe des Internationalen Komitees zur Taxonomie von Viren (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) aufgrund der sehr engen Verwandtschaft zum Sars-Virus (Sars-CoV), an dem 2002/2003 Hunderte Menschen gestorben waren, benannt. Auch Dr. Li Wenliang, der Augenarzt, der die COVID-19 als einer der Ersten entdeckte und später auch an der Krankheit verstarb, könnte von einem asymptomatischen Patienten infiziert worden sein [23] . Zudem konnte in mehreren Studien mit hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten SARS-CoV-2-RNA in der Tränenflüssigkeit nachgewiesen werden [2, 28, 30, 32] . Although isolated conjunctival involvement is highly unlikely, at the current point in time of the COVID-19 pandemic, practically every patient examined by an ophthalmologist could be infected with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322493-ymg6mh28 author = Gheysarzadeh, Ali title = Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 963 sentences = 60 flesch = 64 summary = title: Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection during patients care among nures in the Mostafa Khomini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. None of the infected nurses were hospitalized and all of them preferred to be quarantine at home and receive the necessary care and treatment (Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra. Because at the the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran, there were no special protection against this infection.Therfore they were at risk for the COVID-19.This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was a good experience for nurses that can be used in some cases. Their medication was Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra However other serology methods were useful for confirm and follow up of patients (8) This study reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was successfully performed. cache = ./cache/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322417-9e95m4kz author = Segovia-Juarez, Jose title = High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1256 sentences = 88 flesch = 59 summary = authors: Segovia-Juarez, Jose; Castagnetto, Jesús M.; Gonzales, Gustavo F. title: High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate It is suggested that life at high altitude may reduce COVID infections and case-fatality rates (cases/deaths). A recent paper with data as of April 7th from the Tibet, Bolivia and Ecuador suggests that high-altitude (HA) may provide protection from pathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection (Arias-Reyes et al, 2020). The current study has been designed to determine COVID-19 cases, deaths by COVID-19 and case-fatality rates in Peru in an altitude range from 3 to 4,342 meters above sea level. The sex ratio (male/female) for positive cases of COVID-19 is maintained at any altitude of residence ( Figure 1D ). Another important finding from our study is that the cumulative case-fatality rate (cumulative deaths/cumulative positive cases) by COVID-19 does not appear to change with altitude of residence ( Figure 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322322-woz6lwdu author = Marcum, Michelle title = COVID‐19 pandemic and impact on cancer clinical trials: An academic medical center perspective date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3153 sentences = 151 flesch = 42 summary = authors: Marcum, Michelle; Kurtzweil, Nicky; Vollmer, Christine; Schmid, Lisa; Vollmer, Ashley; Kastl, Alison; Acker, Kelly; Gulati, Shuchi; Grover, Punita; Herzog, Thomas J.; Ahmad, Syed A.; Sohal, Davendra; Wise‐Draper, Trisha M. Remote telephone and video visits, remote monitoring, electronic capture of signatures and data, and limiting sample collections have allowed the leadership in our institution to ensure the safety of our staff and patients while continuing critical clinical research operations. In addition, the decision whether to continue cancer clinical trials became a safety concern regarding the treatment effect on cancer patients' vulnerability for COVID-19 contraction, potential viral exposure risk to clinical trial staff, and potential impact of an infected clinical trial cancer patient on study outcomes. With the advent of COVID-19 travel restrictions, the University of Cincinnati Cancer Center (UCCC) Clinical Trials Office (CTO) was well positioned to continue with existing remote monitoring of sub-site EMRs, regulatory and pharmacy source documents, and we have utilized the ability of the REDCap database for electronic data capture to identify and resolve data quality items remotely. cache = ./cache/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322528-6r57pq8o author = Heald, Adrian H title = Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2347 sentences = 135 flesch = 55 summary = We calculated an Infection Risk Score (IRS) for a number of common activities and related it to the effectiveness of reducing infection and its consequences, with a face covering, and evaluated their effect when applied to different infection rates over 3 months from 24(th) July 2020, when face coverings were made compulsory in England on public transport/retail outlets. CONCLUSION: We have illustrated that the policy on mandatory use of face coverings in retail outlets/on public transport may have been very well followed, but may be of limited value in reducing hospital admissions and deaths, at least at the time that it was introduced, unless infections begin to rise faster than currently seen. We have modelled the potential impact of the use of face coverings worn in retail outlets and on public 336 transport on the number of UK COVID-19 infections and associated hospital admissions and mortality 337 rates. cache = ./cache/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322290-zx3i8mpo author = Yelin, Dana title = Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 927 sentences = 59 flesch = 56 summary = title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are unknown (as are many aspects of the acute disease). Long-term consequences were observed in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 5,6 but it is unknown whether lessons from SARS are applicable to COVID-19. We owe good answers on the long-term consequences of the disease to our patients and healthcare providers. Careful recording of symptoms and patient examination should allow understanding of which part of the sequelae is common to all severe infections, which symptoms might be explained by the anxiety caused by a new disease and by the isolation, 9 and which symptoms are secondary to a complicated form of COVID-19 (eg, pulmonary involvement during the acute disease). Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status cache = ./cache/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322471-wt7zt6a8 author = Raparelli, Valeria title = Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4039 sentences = 196 flesch = 45 summary = METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to assess if sex differences exist in the clinical manifestations and transitions of care among hospitalized individuals dying with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy (February 27–June 11, 2020). As part of the surveillance activity of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità-ISS), a sex-stratified analysis was performed with the aim to look for differences in the presentation and clinical course among women and men who died with COVID-19 in Italy. To understand the complexity and the intersection of the clinical features of individuals dying from COVID-19 according to sex, a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, comorbidities, symptoms at onset, treatment received, in-hospital complications, and length of stay was performed (Fig. 1) . A recent registry-based analysis of 4842 COVID-19 Danish hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported an excess risk (on average more than 50%) of adverse outcomes, including mortality and ICU admission in men versus women regardless of age and comorbidities, questioning the central role of advanced age and multi-morbidities in explaining the male predominance [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 author = Khurana, Sonal title = Now is the time to press the reset button: Helping India’s companies to become more resilient and effective in overcoming the impacts of COVID-19, climate changes and other crises date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9070 sentences = 454 flesch = 54 summary = Table 1 lists identified key factors, which were selected as essential for helping industries to rebuild in the post COVID-19 pandemic period and hopefully contribute to more sustainable societies, globally in the context of the likelihood of more pandemics in the near future due to climate changes. • Provide Economic stimulus packages to provide low-cost money to industries to help them to restart • Targeted social security programmes for those below the poverty line • Close cooperation of Government and industry to improve efficiency and resilience of production and supply chain management issues • Measures are to be adopted to ensure demand for locally produced products, i.e. produced in India • Strong and quick decision-making and effective implementation of the selected approaches • New norms for personal Hygiene and sanitation • New healthcare norms cache = ./cache/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author = Gorges, Rebecca J. title = Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2567 sentences = 153 flesch = 56 summary = We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. For example, whereas staffing levels are unrelated to the probability of having at least one case or even increase that probability, perhaps by increasing traffic in and out of the facility, higher NA and total nursing hours are associated with lower probability of a larger outbreak and fewer deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322572-wic7n6ia author = Liu, Jiangtao title = Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3965 sentences = 212 flesch = 54 summary = The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. Then we used generalized linear models to examine the associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19 daily case counts in 30 provincial capitals except for Wuhan in China while controlling the population migration. cache = ./cache/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322571-8u4c2xqg author = Sannigrahi, Srikanta title = Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6153 sentences = 288 flesch = 43 summary = In this study, the global and local spatial association between the key socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 cases and deaths in the European regions were analyzed using the spatial regression models. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the key socio-demographic driving factors that have a substantial impact on the overall pattern of COVID-19 casualties; (2) implementing global and local spatial regression models to assess the spatial association between the driving factors and COVID-19 cases/death. In this study, total four spatial regression models, i.e., Geographically weighted regression (GWR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Lag Model (SLM), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models were implemented to evaluate how the socio-demographic factors are shaping the pattern of COVID-19 case/deaths across Europe. cache = ./cache/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322414-dpx191xh author = Harke, Nina N. title = To defer or not to defer? A German longitudinal multicentric assessment of clinical practice in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3778 sentences = 168 flesch = 43 summary = MATERIAL AND METHODS: An email was sent to 66 urological hospitals with focus on robotic surgery (RS) including a link to a questionnaire (e.g. bed/staff capacity, surgical caseload, protection measures during RS) that covered three time points: a representative baseline week prior to COVID-19, the week of March 16(th)-22(nd) and April 20(th)-26(th) 2020. The complete survey (S1 File) included detailed queries on numbers of available hospital beds and operating room (OR) capacity, staff members, surgical caseloads with subcategorization of surgeries at three different time points: week 1) baseline week that portrays the numbers of a regular/representative week before the outbreak of COVID-19, week 2) March 16 th to 22 nd 2020 which represent the first week after the lockdown in Germany (confirmed cases in Germany on March 16 th 2020: 6,012 with 13 deaths) and week 3) April 20 th to 26 th (confirmed cases in Germany on April 20 th 2020: 141,672; 4,404 deaths and approximately 91,500 recovered) [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322577-5bboc1z0 author = Parola, Anna title = Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6597 sentences = 319 flesch = 47 summary = Despite several recent psychological researches on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighting that young adults represent a high risk category, no studies specifically focused on young adults' mental health status have been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess and monitor Italian young adults' mental health status during the first 4 weeks of lockdown through the use of a longitudinal panel design. The Syndromic Scales of Adult Self-Report 18-59 were used to assess the internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (aggressive, rule-breaking, and intrusive behavior), and personal strengths. CONCLUSIONS: The results contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency, helping to plan and develop efficient intervention projects able to take care of young adults' mental health in the long term. This study assessed and monitored Italian young adults' mental health status during the firsts 4 weeks of lockdown imposed by the government during the COVID-19 outbreak, from March 16 to April 16. cache = ./cache/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322497-hdy3va8e author = LUBANSU, Alphonse title = COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1165 sentences = 88 flesch = 43 summary = title: COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. limited clinical neurosurgical experience including COVID-19 patients have been reported. A cohort of all neurosurgical patients managed during the lockdown period is presented and analyzed assessing suspected nosocomial infection risk factors. 69 Patients initially admitted to the neurosurgical ward were less likely to be suspected for a 70 COVID-19 infection when compared to patients admitted for critical emergencies, 71 particularly with neurovascular and stroke-related pathologies. 69 Patients initially admitted to the neurosurgical ward were less likely to be suspected for a 70 COVID-19 infection when compared to patients admitted for critical emergencies, 71 particularly with neurovascular and stroke-related pathologies. Accordingly, the health ministry guidelines reserved biochemical tests of nasopharyngeal 103 samples only for suspected COVID-19 patients requiring hospital admission, and no targeted 104 screening strategy was defined for healthcare providers. The management of emergency spinal surgery 372 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy cache = ./cache/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322486-qwl7nzkr author = Omori, Ryosuke title = The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4857 sentences = 247 flesch = 52 summary = We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Assuming that the age-dependency of mortality by COVID-19 is determined by only age-dependent susceptibility (model 1), i.e., the mortality rate does not depend on age, the exponent parameter, φ, describing the variation of susceptibility among age groups for each country, Italy, Japan, and Spain, was estimated as shown in Fig. 4 . cache = ./cache/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322580-7ohso8hl author = Stochino, Claudia title = Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1321 sentences = 83 flesch = 54 summary = Patients with active TB admitted to the hospital were analysed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on their clinical course as well as radiologic and laboratory consequences of the co-infection. $ at COVID-19 diagnosis compared to the last available CXR result; ^ isoniazid-resistance was detected only through genotypic drugsusceptibility test; * lung pattern at chest radiography; ** lung pattern at chest computed tomography scan; £ ferritin was n ot routinely assessed but was part of a set of exams to perform only in patients affected by COVID-19, however, due to the lag obtaining the swab results for SARS-CoV-2 it was not included; & Frequent blood transfusions to treat severe anaemia due to sickle cell disease; ‡ O2 supply ex novo; § O2 supply at admission ad then stopped; # oxygen supply was required temporarily due to pleural blebs rupture and consequent pneumothorax. cache = ./cache/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322596-vfmzk2el author = Ming, Yi title = Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3595 sentences = 193 flesch = 43 summary = Current clinical reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with significant morbidity of cardiovascular diseases and complications, such as hypertension (HTN), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, and increased heart failure [5, 6] . Based on these theoretical assumptions, it can be concluded that the S protein/host furin/ACE2 signal axis exists in the pathological process of SARS-Cov-S2 infection and mediates the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular prognosis events. Furthermore, a unique furin-like cleavage site exists in the S protein of SARS-Cov-S2 [16] ; thus, the theoretical advantage inferred from this cleavage site in disease infection models can be deduced to prevent and combat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, in the process of infection, the S protein plays a direct damaging role by recognizing and binding to the ACE2 receptor and invading the host cell [10] . Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein cache = ./cache/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322474-izguwscl author = Rylett, R. J. title = Covid-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2759 sentences = 140 flesch = 48 summary = The key research priority areas are as follows: response of older adults to disease, vaccination, and therapeutics; mental health and isolation; and supportive care environments. The CIHR-IA priority identification process resulted in three key areas and four cross-cutting themes for research on the impact of Covid-19 on older adults and aging, as illustrated in Figure 2 . To advance our mandate to improve the health and lives of older adults, CIHR-IA reacted rapidly, including by consulting stakeholders and experts, to identify priority research needs related to older adults and Covid-19. The key research areas laid out in this article, ranging from the response of older adults to disease, vaccination, therapeutics, and clinical trials, to mental health and supportive care environments, will continue to inform the responses made by CIHR-IA over the longer term. cache = ./cache/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322601-9pg1yqfa author = Camporota, Luigi title = Outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 909 sentences = 61 flesch = 50 summary = outcomes of a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients with AHRF receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with partial pressure of oxygen/inspired oxygen concentration ratio (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio) <300 mm Hg during their first critical care admission in a format similar to the LUNG-SAFE study 7 . Amongst the 317 critical care admissions over the study period due to COVID-19, 213 patients met our inclusion criteria of AHRF receiving invasive mandatory mechanical ventilation with PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio <300 mm Hg, during their first critical care admission. Similar to the LUNG-SAFE cohort and the Berlin ARDS predictive validity analyses, there was a doseresponse relationship between mortality and severity of hypoxaemia, albeit with lower mortality in the mild category. Despite the greater severity of hypoxaemia compared to LUNG-SAFE, a greater proportion of patients with COVID-19 were ventilated within protective boundaries. cache = ./cache/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322543-lo1ra50f author = Li, z. title = Causal Analysis of Health Interventions and Environments for Influencing the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States of America date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4439 sentences = 288 flesch = 56 summary = The proposed ANMs and multivariate linear Granger causality analysis methods are applied to the surveillance data of lab-confirmed Covid-19 cases in the US, UMD data, and Google mobility data from March 5, 2020 to August 25, 2020 in order to evaluate the contributions of social-biological factors, economics, the Google mobility indexes, and the rate of virus testing to the number of the new cases and number of deaths from COVIDNonlinear additive noise models for bivariate causal discovery this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) in the Public Domain. The scalar variables tested for causation of the new cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the US included the number of contact tracing workers per 100,000 people, percent of population above 60 years of age, median income, population density, percentage of African Americans, reuse, remix, or adapt this material for any purpose without crediting the original authors. cache = ./cache/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322590-twnlaq24 author = Hoyer, Carolin title = Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3056 sentences = 137 flesch = 41 summary = title: Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteristics of patients with neurological complaints seeking evaluation in an interdisciplinary emergency department (ED) during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In addition, hospital chart data of patients referred for neurological evaluation during weeks 12–15/2020 when the pandemic began impacting on public life in Germany were analysed regarding demographic information, chief complaints, modes of presentation and disposition and ED discharge diagnosis. [7] [8] [9] Here we analysed the characteristics of patients presenting with neurological complaints to an interdisciplinary ED during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and compared these to data from a control cohort during the same weeks of the year 2017. cache = ./cache/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322672-gjph61cq author = Ashok, Vishnu title = Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1816 sentences = 123 flesch = 52 summary = title: Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis A few cases of concurrent myocarditis have been reported, but the extent of cardiac complications with the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is still largely unknown. Myocarditis and non-specific cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in a few cases of COVID-19, but this is the first reported case of a high-grade atrioventricular conduction block with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 7 In the European Study of the Epidemiology and Treatment of Inflammatory Heart Disease, 18% of the 3055 patients in the study had high-grade arrhythmias including complete heart block. Since the onset of the current pandemic, cases of myocarditis in patients with COVID-19 have been reported. In a case series of 150 patients with COVID-19 conducted in Wuhan City, China, 7% of the reported 68 deaths (5 deaths) were attributed to myocarditis with circulatory failure; however, their pre-morbid cardiac status was unclear. cache = ./cache/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322645-ipzntrm2 author = Dutta, Anwesha title = The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7546 sentences = 293 flesch = 40 summary = Importantly, instructions issued by the DM in order to implement policies related to disease control and social protection are ultimately The following sections further explore how local institutions have been operationalized to fulfill these activities as well as their implications -both for the structure and functions of panchayats in India as well as for the COVID-19 response and recovery. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. cache = ./cache/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322641-mz0b91xr author = Farnsworth, Christopher W title = SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1566 sentences = 96 flesch = 48 summary = In response to a lack of COVID-19 testing the FDA issued guidance regarding serologic assays, stating that although manufacturers could use the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) pathway for approval, serologic assays could also be marketed in the US bypassing this approval process (2) . Serology has been suggested to play three roles in the COVID-19 pandemic; 1) diagnosis, 2) identification of convalescent plasma donors, 3) screening populations with the purpose of determining exposure and immunity. If the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population is 20% a test with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% will make the value of a positive result (PPV) 92.5% (Figure 1 ). The importance of specificity of serologic tests for screening low prevalence populations was recently demonstrated in a non-peer reviewed publication (11) . The authors found that 1.5% of those screened were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and, after analysis, found the estimated prevalence to be 2.4%. cache = ./cache/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322552-95bj65qf author = Sang, Charlie Joseph title = ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2649 sentences = 170 flesch = 40 summary = Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The mid and distal segments of the inferior, inferoseptal, anterior, and anteroseptal left ventricular walls were severely hypokinetic, consistent with acute myocardial infarction (Video1). This scenario also raises important questions in the management of COVID-19 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction in the United States, where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the standard of care. Severe disease in COVID-19 is also associated with sepsis-induced coagulopathy and increased mortality [19] , and ticagrelor's antiinflammatory and anti-platelet effects may prove useful in reducing this phenomenon [20] . SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 COVID-19: Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322711-u6yr8wqh author = Imran, Nazish title = Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4936 sentences = 292 flesch = 45 summary = This rapid review takes into account the impact of quarantine on mental health of children and adolescents, and proposes measures to improve psychological outcomes of isolation. The seven studies before onset of COVID 19 about psychological impact of quarantine in children have reported isolation, social exclusion stigma and fear among the children. 3 Uncertainties regarding pandemic itself, strict social distancing measures, widespread and prolonged school closures, parental stressors, and loss of loved ones are likely to affect children and adolescent's wellbeing in addition to specific psychological effects of quarantine and isolation. 5 Since the COVID-19 outbreak related disease containment measures and school closure has become relevant to all affected countries around the globe, urgent evidence synthesis is needed to help policy makers understand the mental health outcomes of quarantine in children and adolescents. Thus, to summarize, this review shows considerable psychological impact of quarantine and other disease containment measures among children and adolescents. cache = ./cache/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322660-bis2arbu author = Alexander, Regi title = Guidance for the Treatment and Management of COVID‐19 Among People with Intellectual Disabilities date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10807 sentences = 487 flesch = 44 summary = The guidelines cover specific issues associated with hospital passports, individual COVID‐19 care plans, the important role of families and carers, capacity to make decisions, issues associated with social distancing, ceiling of care/treatment escalation plans, mental health and challenging behavior, and caring for someone suspected of contracting or who has contracted SARS‐CoV‐2 within community or inpatient psychiatric settings. These teams provide a range of care and support to people with IDs, while during the current pandemic there will be an increased focus upon providing TABLE 1 Group at risk because they are clinically vulnerable due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who need particularly stringent social distancing measures Issues associated with diagnostic overshadowing, the views of parents, family members and carers, the required reasonable adjustments, communication needs, specialist mental health support, anticipatory care plans, any end-of-life or do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) discussions should be reported. cache = ./cache/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322704-0suc6pt6 author = Riffe, T. title = COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths. date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2899 sentences = 206 flesch = 56 summary = COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Centralization, standardization, and harmonization of data is critical to enable comparisons of the demographic impact of COVID-19 vis-à-vis differences in the age-compositions of confirmed infections and deaths. At this writing, the database contai ns daily counts of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests performed by age and sex for 87 national and 195 subnational populations around the world, depending on the available data for each source. Generally, COVID-19 cases, deaths and tests are reported as counts in 10-year age groups, but some sources report data in other metrics (fractions, percents, ratios) or as summary indicators such as case fatality ratios by age. The main strength of COVerAGE-DB is to provide a centralized, open-access, and fully reproducible repository of age-and sex-specific case, death, and test counts from COVID-19, collected from official sources, and harmonized to standard output formats. cache = ./cache/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322733-rriuiofu author = Li, Weiran title = Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 812 sentences = 68 flesch = 51 summary = title: Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited. AIM: The present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people's sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic and explore the context in which they manifest. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSION: During the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China. This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration 28 of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. What's the change about your sexual desire during the COVID-19 outbreak? What's the change about your sexual satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak? cache = ./cache/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322732-82m84n4w author = Felice, C title = Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1770 sentences = 113 flesch = 49 summary = We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. Additional analyses were performed after grouping patients taking ACEIs and ARBs and comparing their clinical outcomes with those A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 5 of hypertensives who were not on RAAS inhibitors. The present study shows that chronic assumption of ACEIs/ARBs did not worsen the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in hypertensive patients. A significant lower risk of admission to s-ICU/ICU was observed in COVID-19 positive subjects chronically treated with ACEIs/ARBs as compared to other hypertensive patients, whereas the rates of hospitalization, oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation and death did not differ between the two groups. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322714-s0wge7o4 author = Joyner, Michael J. title = Safety Update: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 20,000 Hospitalized Patients date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3291 sentences = 178 flesch = 48 summary = Recently, our investigation of key safety indicators in 5,000 patients transfused with COVID-19 convalescent plasma demonstrated an incidence of transfusion-related serious adverse events (SAE) of less than 1% and a mortality rate of 14.9% 10 . Web-based, standardized data reporting surveys were completed to assess clinical status of patients at regular time intervals (four-hours and seven-days after convalescent plasma transfusion) using the Research Electronic Data Capture system (REDCap, v.9.1.15 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) 14, 15 . In this safety update of the US Convalescent Plasma Expanded Access Program of 20,000 hospitalized patients in the US with severe or life-threatening COVID-19, the overall frequency of SAEs classified as attributable or likely secondary to convalescent plasma transfusion continued to be low (<1% of all transfusions) and the seven-day mortality rate in this extremely high risk cohort was 8.6%. cache = ./cache/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322789-9elfpx0e author = Abbaspour Kasgari, Hamideh title = Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2711 sentences = 155 flesch = 49 summary = title: Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial 29 We therefore conducted a randomized controlled trial in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin compared with standard care. This study was a single-centre, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with ribavirin against controls who received standard of care for COVID-19 at the time of the study. This randomized trial found that the combination of sofosbuvir/ daclatasvir/ribavirin compared with standard care showed limited clinical improvement in moderate COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial of sofosbuvir/ daclatasvir/ribavirin in COVID-19 patients; however, there are limitations to our study. cache = ./cache/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322723-qmnorud2 author = Goetz, Christian title = Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 561 sentences = 41 flesch = 43 summary = title: Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 Ambulatory reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Because of elevated d-dimer (1.5 mg/L), a lung scintigraphy (V/Q scan) was performed as SPECT/CT. C, The concomitantly acquired low-dose CT reveals ground-glass opacities in the bilateral upper lobes accompanying the respiratory syndrome, which is in line with lung affection in COVID-19. E, Recommended imaging setup in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-infected patients. Preferably, imaging studies in COVID-19 should be performed as last examinations during working days. Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia 18 F-FDG PET/CT and serial chest CT findings in a COVID-19 patient with dynamic clinical characteristics in different period Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322725-fjd7cbvb author = Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz title = Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 819 sentences = 50 flesch = 47 summary = title: Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) The treatment of the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 is still to be identified and the current approaches and guidelines recommend supportive care along with mechanical ventilation [7] . The concept of early tracheostomy (5-7 days) in patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation has been supported by several lines of evidence in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ARDS [12, 13] . In addition, early tracheostomy decreases the rate of respiratory infections and used antibiotics in trauma patients [12, 13] . In addition, critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection and ARDS benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) according to the recently published data from China [17] . In conclusion, based on the published evidence and our previous experience in trauma patients, we postulate that early tracheostomy could be associated with improved outcome in patients with COVID-19 and ADRS experiencing traumatic injuries. cache = ./cache/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322718-zpf2ri9k author = Goldust, Mohamad title = Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 508 sentences = 40 flesch = 40 summary = title: Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine In most countries including Switzerland, dermatology residency entails five years of training including ward rounds, inpatient care, outpatient consultation, mandatory dissertations, research projects, case presentations, scientific writing and specialists exams -but all pertinent to the subject. Even in the armed forces teaching institutes, serving as a general practitioner is mandatory before dermatology residency to become trained in, internal medicine and infectious diseases. In brief, internal medicine rotations should be made mandatory for dermatologists as this foundation may of use not only for our professional routine but also for exceptional healthcare crisis such as COVID-19. This assumption may reinforced with the SkinSerious Campaign launched by the American Academy of Dermatology which reemphasizes the integral role of dermatologists in health care. Safety Measures in Dermatology Help Minimize Spread of COVID-19 Dermatology Residents and the Care of COVID-19 Patients cache = ./cache/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322663-a58e6pp8 author = Giacomelli, Andrea title = 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3158 sentences = 147 flesch = 51 summary = The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). The Department of Infectious Diseases of Luigi Sacco Hospital (the national reference centre for epidemiological emergencies and bioterrorism in northern Italy) has been admitting SARS-CoV-2 patients (particularly those coming from the "red zone" municipalities first involved in the epidemic) since the night of 20 February 2020, when the first COVID-19 case was identified in a town about 50 km from Milan [9]. cache = ./cache/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322693-q3h15hd6 author = Crowley, Des title = Prison and opportunities for the management of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1376 sentences = 88 flesch = 52 summary = The many risks and challenges of managing COVID-19 in prisons have been reported and include: overcrowded prison environments, the poor general heath profile of prisoners, the quality of prison healthcare services, existing high levels of communicable diseases, and the inability to comply with most social distancing and hand hygiene rules. 1 However, little attention has been focused on the opportunities that prison healthcare can provide in the management of COVID-19 and other public health concerns. 9, 10 There is now an opportunity to revisit this deficit and use the present focus on COVID-19 management to advocate for increased harm reduction services and the decriminalisation of drug users as measures to reduce present and future communicable infections. 4, 5 Transitioning back to the community Reducing prison populations is a critical aspect of the management of COVID-19 in prisons. Global, regional, and country-level coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322798-5r3kf9wa author = Freeman, Esther E. title = Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 675 sentences = 48 flesch = 55 summary = title: Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease To the Editor: We recently co-authored a piece in the JAAD about modifications the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) implemented to enhance the rigor of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Due in part to these concerns, the AAD Covid-19 taskforce published interim guidance that did not distinguish among biologic classes. 4 In the face of uncertainty, societies including the American College of Cardiology took a stance to keep patients on ACE-inhibitors while they await more evidence. These changes to dermatology guidelines do not exist in a vacuum; important ethical implications include patient outcomes such as missed melanomas and the loss of employment for practice staff. We should acknowledge the shift from evidence based medicine to reliance on expert guidance, and appreciate the potential for guideline reversal. cache = ./cache/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322787-dbtc0bo3 author = Runkle, Jennifer D. title = Short-term effects of weather parameters on COVID-19 morbidity in select US cities date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3490 sentences = 185 flesch = 47 summary = Experimental and observational studies demonstrate the influence of meteorological parameters on the seasonal transmission of influenza, human coronavirus (HCoV), and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which are often characterized by distinct increases in incident cases and detection frequency in the winter months (Lowen and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 in the US. Research on the seasonality and influence of meteorological parameters on COVID-19, such as temperature and specific humidity, can be used to inform the timing of effective interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 transmission at the local scale to save countless lives and resources. In this study, we examined whether daily meteorological patterns in humidity, temperature, and solar radiation were associated with the transmission of COVID-19 in U.S. cities that emerged as early hot spots for infection. cache = ./cache/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322861-q7uk6rdp author = Zanon, Ezio title = How haemophilia A impacts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) treatment: a case report date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2114 sentences = 113 flesch = 45 summary = Even if much more data are needed to ascertain the real thrombotic risk of haemophilia A in COVID-19 patients, it's clear that the FVIII and vWF should be strictly monitored in order to promptly establish an adequate treatment and avoid the onset of thromboembolic events, even fatal, causing many deaths in COVID-19 patients. The Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET) suggests tailoring the therapy on the patient's characteristics, using intermediate or therapeutic dosages of anticoagulants according to the pre-existing thromboembolic risk factors and to maintain the treatment for the duration of the hospitalization and, in the cases at high risk for VTE, even at discharge (5) . Here we are reporting a case of an elderly Italian patient with mild haemophilia A who was hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2). Our case showed that patients with mild haemophilia A presented a clinical course of COVID-19 similar to that of non-haemophilic patients, as coagulation parameters changed towards hypercoagulability as well (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322868-o3r0y6bz author = Williams, E. J. title = Routine measurement of serum procalcitonin allows antibiotics to be safely withheld in patients admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection. date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 129 flesch = 42 summary = We retrospectively collected 28-day outcome data on patients admitted to Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK, between 5 March and 15 April 2020, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCT within 48 hours of diagnosis. We set out to evaluate whether PCT use had an impact on i) antibiotic usage and ii) outcomes in patients with confirmed COVID-19 at a large NHS Foundation Trust Hospital in the United Kingdom (UK). To investigate the relationship between PCT positivity and total DDD, antibiotic receipt at 48 hours post-diagnosis and meropenem prescription, linear and logistic regression models were explored adjusting for demographic confounders (age, sex, ethnicity and comorbidities). This observational study supports the hypothesis that implementation of a local guideline advising against the use of antibiotics for patients with confirmed COVID-19 and a PCT level Previous studies have demonstrated that procalcitonin-guided therapy in lower respiratory tract infections substantially reduces antibiotic use without compromising outcome [22] [23] [24] , including in the critically ill [25] . cache = ./cache/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322796-ojfrvtuy author = Bagheri, S. H. R. title = Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2241 sentences = 147 flesch = 53 summary = https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 doi: medRxiv preprint Abstract Background Recent surge of olfactory dysfunction in patients who were referred to ENT clinics and concurrent COVID-19epidemic in Iran motivated us to evaluate anosmic/hyposmic patients to find any relation between these two events. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 doi: medRxiv preprint following the COVID-19 pandemic till now; the aim of present study is an assessment of the frequency of olfactory disorder and patients' characteristics in our country. Participants were cases with problems in decreased sense of smell recently (the last month) invited to voluntarily respond to an online checklist, which was distributed in social The primary outcome of the study was anosmia-/-hyposmia of responders which measured by closed questions and scored by numerical scales at the commencement of their problem and its condition at the time of response to questionnaire. cache = ./cache/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author = Wells, Philippa M. title = Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3730 sentences = 197 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322776-jg8hqlu7 author = Raharja, Antony title = Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4447 sentences = 257 flesch = 43 summary = This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between ethnicity and poor outcomes (mortality, hospitalisation, ICU admission, advanced respiratory support and kidney failure) in patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. A custom spreadsheet was developed and piloted by AR and AT prior to use for data extraction; this recorded study characteristics (name, date, publication status), aim, location, setting, participant characteristics including age, sex, ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, mixed or missing data), body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, asthma, COPD, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cancer) and whether the study collected any data on socioeconomic factors. Ten cohort studies, not included in meta-analysis, echoed similar findings, and did not support ethnicity as an independent risk factor for poor COVID-19 outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis could not confirm ethnicity as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322867-1yxxe5d3 author = Hartman, William R title = Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in the Midwest date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2901 sentences = 150 flesch = 50 summary = Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Among patients who were admitted with infection that met the criteria for severe disease and were transfused convalescent plasma prior to the development of respiratory failure the mortality to date is zero, and only one patient (6%) has had subsequent escalation of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. A recent cohort study by Liu and colleagues of 39 cases and 156 matched controls from Mount Sinai hospital in New York City reported a 12.8% mortality rate among patients with severe or worse disease who received convalescent plasma, and signi cantly better outcomes among patients transfused prior to mechanical ventilation. Inpatient respiratory support type by hospital day among COVID-19 patients with life-threatening disease receiving convalescent plasma (n = 15). cache = ./cache/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322899-uxvlagt3 author = Gorji, Ali title = The potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4922 sentences = 292 flesch = 38 summary = Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory host responses. [16] Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune responses and leads to a higher risk of respiratory viral infections, particularly in elderly subjects. [61] The beneficial effects of vitamin A on morbidity and mortality of some viral infections, such as measles and HIV, could be due to increased antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation as well as enhanced T-cell lymphopoiesis. [102] A modest level of vitamin E supplementation regulates the cellular free radical-antioxidant balance, enhances the antibody response, and activates the immune cells of broilers vaccinated with the infectious bronchitis virus. Micronutrient deficiencies are associated with impaired immune response and higher burden of respiratory infections in elderly Ecuadorians cache = ./cache/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322838-s82tyeis author = Norden, M. J. title = National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 Mortality date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5296 sentences = 309 flesch = 52 summary = Results: A highly significant inverse correlation between current daily smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was noted for the group of hot countries (R=-.718, p = .0002), cold countries (R=-.567, p=.0046), and the combined group (R=-.324, p=.0207). Correlations and scatterplots between national smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rates in each of the three groups of countries can be seen below in Figure 1 To test whether any outliers may be driving the results we performed post-hoc analyses removing Sweden and Korea both individually and together. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129825 doi: medRxiv preprint DISCUSSION A significant inverse correlation of smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was found for the subgroups of hot and cold countries, and for the combined subgroups. The primary strength of the current study is that it shows a strong inverse association between COVID-19 mortality and daily smoking prevalence not subject to the many confounds identified in previous studies reporting under-representation of smokers among COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322866-au76nnzg author = Bleizgys, Andrius title = Vitamin D and COVID‐19: It is time to act date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6022 sentences = 317 flesch = 51 summary = High‐dose VitD supplementation, particularly for risk groups, could be recommended to achieve and maintain optimal (range 40‐60 ng/mL) serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels (marker of VitD status) both for COVID‐19 prevention and treatment. 17, 19, 26 Epidemiological studies of the past showed inverse relationships between VitD status and certain clinical events: lower 25OH-D levels are associated with higher risk of developing ARDS, heart failure and sepsis; the latter conditions are also known to increase risk for severe COVID-19 and death from COVID-19. Some authors even suggested that patients having VitD deficiency should be considered as high risk group for getting severe illness from COVID-19. 44, 45 VitD also increases the gene expression of antioxidative enzymes, eg glutathione reductase and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and this was shown to help maintain higher levels of vitamin C, which is an antioxidant and has antimicrobial activity as well, and is suggested as a potential agent for fighting COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322799-opf1qwgl author = Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title = IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 251 flesch = 51 summary = Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery cache = ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322908-e3gok0ot author = Huang, Fangfang title = A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5056 sentences = 275 flesch = 42 summary = In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19. In this review, we summarized potential Chinese herbal medicines ( Table 2 ) that may treat COVID-19 by targeting proteins such as Spike protein, ACE2, 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. We also predicted the binding affinities between these compounds and COVID-19 related targets by molecular docking, with a focus on six compounds: quercetin, andrographolide, glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin, patchouli alcohol, and luteolin. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322913-sq9mq6f1 author = Ciabattini, Annalisa title = Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8068 sentences = 363 flesch = 33 summary = The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the lack of a clear correlate of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging (Fig. 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323020-9v44cg3b author = Khaliq, Maria title = An Analysis of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients in Pakistan date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2645 sentences = 175 flesch = 59 summary = Objective The objective of the present study is to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presenting to a tertiary healthcare facility in Punjab, Pakistan, and to analyze the distribution of the disease in lung fields. Each study was evaluated for the presence of ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, mixed pattern, distribution, crazy paving, reverse halo sign, nodules, pleural effusion, and other findings. Typical imaging features of COVID-19 on CT chest include ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with bilateral and multilobe involvement and basal and peripheral predominance [5] . In this study, we describe the typical imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT chest in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Punjab, Pakistan, and analyze the distribution of the disease in lung fields. The present study showed that the predominant pulmonary parenchymal pattern for this disease is ground-glass haze/opacity followed by consolidation, as seen in 88.5 and 52.8% of patients respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author = Schwartz, Rachel title = Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4844 sentences = 214 flesch = 36 summary = In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. cache = ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322957-clf8f90t author = Crespo, Javier title = Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5297 sentences = 364 flesch = 51 summary = The general objectives of these recommendations include: • To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author = Garcia, L. P. title = ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3795 sentences = 280 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. To help overcome this challenge, the present study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19 cases, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital city. The following variables were extracted from anonymized database of suspected and confirmed cases: i) diagnostic (confirmed, discarded or missing), ii) sex, iii) age (in years), The number of infected people (with a positive diagnosis and less than 14 days of symptom onset) and the rate of infected people per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for the health regions where each notified person resides. cache = ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323103-55yjl25x author = Waitzkin, Howard title = Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2142 sentences = 119 flesch = 45 summary = Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. This pandemic and every other important emerging viral epidemic in the recent past and predictably into the future come from the same upstream causes: capitalist industrial agriculture, destruction of natural habitat, and production of meat. Changing the upstream causes of epidemics such as COVID19 and others yet to come becomes a key scientific and practical priority for medicine and public health, considering the future of humanity and other inhabitants of the planet. cache = ./cache/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322966-o65fo853 author = Arnold, Ruth H. title = COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5415 sentences = 239 flesch = 44 summary = title: COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? ABSTRACT Debate continues in the medical literature on the role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and the implications for the use of cardiovascular drugs acting on the RAS. Debate continues in the medical literature on the role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pathophysiology and the implications for the use of cardiovascular drugs acting on the RAS. Debate has arisen due to the finding that underlying cardiovascular disease and hypertension are associated with significantly increased risk of hospitalisation and death in COVID-19 [1, 2] , in addition to the viral receptor being angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) [3 -5] . Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitorswith severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalised for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322919-5ty35rsy author = Busana, Mattia title = Non‐invasive hemodynamic profile of early COVID‐19 infection date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2510 sentences = 174 flesch = 51 summary = When stratifying for SVRI, patients with an SVRI value below the cohort median had also more severe oxygenation impairment and lower TPR, despite a similar degree of CXR infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of COVID‐19 infection the hemodynamic profile is characterized by a hyperdynamic circulatory state with high CI and low SVRI, while the right heart is functionally unaffected. In this study, we found that in the early stages of the disease, COVID-19 infection leads to a hyperdynamic circulatory state characterized by an elevated CI and low SVRI. The right heart function was unaffected, and pulmonary pressures were normal, despite the high CI, particularly in the low SVRI range. Lung recruitability in COVID-19 is moderately low (Pan et al., 2020) and blood diversion with cardiac output reduction may justify the reported oxygenation improvement at high Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP). cache = ./cache/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323141-6z750avb author = Kuroda, Naoto title = Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan date = 2020-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1761 sentences = 121 flesch = 53 summary = 5 On the other hand, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend breast-feeding with strict contact precautions based on the fact that so far there is no evidence that the virus can be transferred via breast milk. 4 To show the causality between the BCG vaccine and the severity of COVID-19, we have to confirm the following Bradford Hill criteria: specificity, temporality, reversibility, and experiment. Based on this background, we analyzed the data concerning all pediatric patients with COVID-19 (0-18 years old) admitted to the San Matteo Hospital of Pavia until April 4. As of today (April 11), 17 children had COVID-19 diagnosis based on clinical data and positive swab (RT-PCR analysis). Analyzing the data concerning the whole Lombardy population, 29.3% of patients with COVID-19 had home isolation, 21.5% required low-medium-intensity care, 2.3% ICU admission, and 18.3% died. cache = ./cache/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323225-ou7pppum author = Mondal, R. N. title = Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3350 sentences = 228 flesch = 62 summary = title: Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh Results: We have studied of 305 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients mean age was 36.32(+/-12.369) years with male predominance and majority were doctor 46.9%. Therefore this study was carried out to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients of our country. This was an online cross-sectional survey, carried out by the Research wing of Daktarkhana (GP center of Bangladesh), among the RT-PCR positive COVID-19 adult patients (aged >18 years) who are using Facebook (the most widely used social media of the country) and Data from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research (IEDCR) 10 revealed that 42% of the Bangladeshi COVID-19 cases were aged between 21 and 50 years but in our study age range was 17-78 years. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study cache = ./cache/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author = Mansuri, Farah M.A. title = Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1303 sentences = 77 flesch = 54 summary = The world is seeing a catastrophic pandemic of SARS-CoV2 or of the disease COVID-19, in first quarter of 21st century with the emergence of novel corona virus. 1,2 Regional statistics of World health organization depicts that Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO) stands fourth in the rank of prevalence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after Europe, Americas and Western pacific, with a total number of 66 thousand cases and 3592 deaths. 4 The other indicator besides transmission rate, is severity of the pandemic, that can be studied by ratio of cases to hospitalization, ratio of deaths to hospitalization and ratio of Intensive care Unit admissions to total admissions. This disparity in fatality and pandemic severity index may be due to several factors such as higher virulence of virus and availability of better preventive or therapeutic health care services etc. cache = ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323274-vhcvbiqm author = Gansevoort, Ron T. title = CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1236 sentences = 59 flesch = 49 summary = When the data for the CKD subgroups are compared, it becomes clear that a graded association exists between the level of kidney dysfunction and the risk of COVID-19 others report on disease-specific populations, for example, patients with a history of cardiovascular disease 8 . It is to be expec ted that disease-specific cohorts, especially those that only include hospitalized patients, will have higher mortality rates and different risk factor profiles from general population cohorts that include all infected patients. Inclusion of asymptomatic patients in study populations will result in lower COVID-19-associated mortality rates and a different risk factor profile. This analysis, which includes data for more than 17 million people in the UK, suggests that patients with chronic kidney disease are at higher risk than those with other known risk factors, including chronic heart and lung disease. cache = ./cache/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323137-8b06u7kt author = Chern, Alexander title = Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3346 sentences = 165 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while simultaneously maintaining a robust peerreview process. Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope journal website) was performed on July 8, 2020 to identify The Laryngoscope publications pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and historic respiratory pandemics of the 20th and 21st century. Publication data (e.g., number of submissions and acceptances, time from manuscript receipt to acceptance) of The Laryngoscope during historic pandemic years were not available for comparison to current COVID-19 publication data. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share essential information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. cache = ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323439-z6rghua1 author = Sampaio, Pedro Paulo N. title = Rescue Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Myopericarditis: A Case Report date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1553 sentences = 100 flesch = 32 summary = Optimal management strategies are still unclear, including the role of immunomodulatory therapies and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the context of cardiogenic shock. This case highlights the potential role of ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies in the management of cardiogenic shock associated with COVID-19 myopericarditis. We report a case of COVID-19 myopericarditis complicated by tamponade and cardiac arrest, successfully managed with venoarterial ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies. In addition, only 1 report of emergency ECMO cannulation after cardiac arrest in a patient with COVID-19 has been formerly documented, despite a subsequent unfavourable outcome [6] . We describe the first case of fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis and tamponade successfully treated with venoarterial ECMO, neutralizing antibodies and anti-inflammatory therapies, after recovery from cardiac arrest. Our report illustrates the importance of appropriate supportive measures in fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis, particularly the potential role of timely venoarterial ECMO support for circulatory shock following recovery from cardiac arrest. cache = ./cache/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322980-rembksdr author = Talwar, Shivangi title = Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 233 flesch = 48 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019) emerged in 2019 in the month of December in Wuhan city of China, which again made the life of humans miserable with numerous fatal health issues and slowly and gradually this virus entrapped the whole world [2, 3] . Before the doctors, scientists, and researchers could study and come up with a cure for treatment, this virus had already infected more than lakhs of people across the world with the human coronavirus pathogens, i.e., HCoV-22E and HCoV-OC43, which affects the upper respiratory tract. Because of broad reach, presently, remdesivir and its in vitro studies against coronavirus help in treating SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 and EC90 estimations of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively, and are proved to be a fruitful expected treatment for COVID-19 [ cache = ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323327-08p122lw author = van de Veerdonk, Frank L. title = Blocking IL-1 to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3019 sentences = 145 flesch = 41 summary = These findings open new avenues for host-directed therapies in patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and might in addition to antiviral treatment be enough to curb the currently unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Although ICU patients have been treated with glucocorticoids, some experts have even argued, based on studies in Middle-Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), that they are likely to do more harm than good [1, 2] . The autoinflammatory loop can exacerbate from increase innate immune response into uncontrolled MAS a spectrum that associates with increasing ferritin levels van de Veerdonk and Netea Critical Care (2020) 24:445 patients in the early phase and reports that high dose intravenous anakinra started in patients outside of the ICU was safe and resulted in clinical benefit in 72% of patients [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322996-ormqm6dx author = Wells, Rebecca Erwin title = The Value of Headache‐Specific Recommendations During COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2169 sentences = 103 flesch = 43 summary = Providers can utilize this publication to help make effective decisions about treatment approaches for headache patients in the midst of the current COVID pandemic. This document serves to provide evidence that (1) effective outpatient treatment approaches are available and may be an effective alternative during this time and (2) many headache providers across the country are already effectively working to care for their patients without the increased risks of in-person visits. Given the targeted approach of this manuscript, additional issues important for headache care during COVID that were not discussed in this manuscript could be addressed with future papers. This paper also serves as a model for other providers to consider -as recommendations for disease-specific treatment options during COVID will enable patients to continue to receive non-COVID care during this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323092-j2u0ny2u author = Crosby, James C. title = COVID‐19: A review of therapeutics under investigation date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3896 sentences = 270 flesch = 51 summary = The World Health Organization (WHO) has released general guidelines for managing the illness caused by the virus (COVID-19), which includes supportive care similar to other viral pneumonias: airway and respiratory support, empiric antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management. 2 While these treatments are thought to offer the best chance of survival for the approximately 20% of COVID-19 cases that progress to severe disease, limited health care resources and the speed at which the pandemic has developed are pressuring clinicians and scientists to provide therapeutics that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 and improve mortality. 32, 33 There are a number of promising studies that have demonstrated shorter hospital stays, lower mortality rates, and reduced viral loads in SARS-CoV-1 and H1N1 influenza infected patients treated with convalescent plasma. There is another single ongoing observational trial examining the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients, the results of which remain to be seen. cache = ./cache/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323398-4zvs7f6e author = Groshkova, Teodora title = Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 828 sentences = 57 flesch = 59 summary = title: Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? The COVID-19 pandemic and the response to have resulted in an increase in sales activity levels on darknet markets during the first three months of 2020, mainly related to cannabis products. The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on all areas of life and for an agency responsible for monitoring drug markets in Europe two important questions are: is the current pandemic affecting the availability and use of drugs? However, another key question is whether and how the current COVID-19 crisis might change future drug markets. 8 In the first three months of 2020, which saw the unfolding COVID pandemic, online cannabis sales increased by 27%. This distinction is an important one as in the latter case the long-term impact of the current crisis could be more cannabis users becoming familiar with this way of accessing these drugs. COVID-19 and drugs: Drug supply via darknet markets. cache = ./cache/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323497-9km0i816 author = Jella, Tarun K. title = Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2938 sentences = 150 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: Demographic statistics from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges were extracted to identify the 2018 statewide proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years of age as well as age-related demographic data for all surgical specialties. Therefore, the purposes of the present study are (1) to determine the geographic distribution of older orthopaedic surgeons in the U.S., (2) to compare the distribution with those of other surgical specialties, and (3) to compare this distribution with the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. D emographic statistics for 2018 were extracted from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to identify the proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons ‡60 years of age in each state 13 . cache = ./cache/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323314-y3k9dntf author = Aggarwal, Sandeep title = Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2786 sentences = 146 flesch = 47 summary = title: Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS), the only effective option for patients with obesity with or without comorbidities, has been stopped temporarily due to the ongoing novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In view of the possibility of resumption of BMS in near future, Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) constituted a committee of experienced surgeons to give recommendations about the requirements as well as precautions to be taken to restart BMS with emphasis on safe delivery and high-quality care. We produced this information sheet to provide patients undergoing bariatric surgical procedures with additional information on the risks of undergoing anaesthesia and surgery around the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO cache = ./cache/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323424-86wh4u6l author = Santos, M. M. title = Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3746 sentences = 163 flesch = 47 summary = The co-variables used to compare survival curves were socioeconomic factors (age, sex, race, education and area of residence), clinical signs and symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, diarrhoea and vomiting), hospital variables (influenza-like outbreak, hospital-acquired infection, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, O 2 saturation <95%, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay and X-ray result), chronic disease (heart disease, haematology, Down's syndrome, liver disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, neurological disease, pneumopathy, immunodepression, kidney disease and body mass index (BMI)), if the patient has had a flu vaccine, use of antiviral against influenza and what is the type of such antiviral. This multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 found important differences in survival times, as well as risk factors or protection for the death of patients in Brazilian hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323446-w2ci1bfr author = Pan, Feng title = Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia date = 2020-02-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2824 sentences = 213 flesch = 61 summary = Maximum lung involved peaked at approximately 10 days (with the calculated total CT score of 6) from the onset of initial symptoms (R2=0.25), p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia (without severe respiratory distress during the disease course), lung abnormalities on chest CT showed greatest severity approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. In patients without severe respiratory disease, the major pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were GGO, crazy-paving pattern and consolidation predominantly in subpleural locations in the lower lobes. Progressive stage (5-8 days after the onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, the infection rapidly aggravated and extended to a bilateral multi-lobe distribution with diffuse GGO, crazy-paving pattern and consolidation (Figure 5b) . In summary, most patients who recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia showed greatest severity of lung disease on CT at approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323468-xn7anxj6 author = Olloquequi, Jordi title = COVID‐19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4155 sentences = 220 flesch = 45 summary = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death and disability globally, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway inflammation and/or alveolar abnormalities 10 . All rights reserved are associated to impaired lung function and risk of developing COPD 42-44 , it has also been demonstrated that people born with a diminished airway function are more likely to suffer COPD symptoms and subsequent viral infections [45] [46] [47] . In any case, there is no doubt that subjects who develop COPD are at an increased risk of suffering respiratory infections, a matter of importance in the context of COVID-19 pandemics. Increased cytokine response of rhinovirus-infected airway epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is Upregulated in Lungs of Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients cache = ./cache/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323503-l5skiu2l author = Neri, E. title = Structured reporting of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a consensus proposal date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4289 sentences = 189 flesch = 44 summary = Several major radiological scientific societies have published guidelines on the diagnostic work-up of suspected or ascertained COVID-19 patients, suggesting the use of imaging on the basis of the clinical findings [5] [6] [7] . However, even in this case, more recent proposals of CT grading and categorical classifications of COVID-19 lung involvement have been published, as the Reporting and Data Systems with the COVID-RADS and the CO-RADS [10, 11] , and the RSNA expert consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19, endorsed also by the Society of Thoracic Radiology and the ACR [13] . Although these findings (as well as ground glass opacities and consolidations) are not specific of COVID-19 infection, but can be observed in many interstitial lung diseases, we believe that the use of the structured report will allow for a detailed quantification of their incidence in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323363-mcmce24i author = Wong, Raymond L.M. title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 733 sentences = 51 flesch = 52 summary = However, we have featured an article entitled, "COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection" in the current issue of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (APJO). The American Academy of Ophthalmology also publishes daily updates on their web page, providing information regarding the disease, mode of transmission, updates on case numbers, and new findings: https://www.aao.org/headline/ d6e1ca3c-0c30-4b20-87e0-7668fa5bf906 4. The Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology through its official journal, APJO, has also established a "COVID-19: FAQs" to serve as a resource platform not just for issues related to the understanding and prevention of the disease, but also other things such as humanity, government policy, market response, art, and science of COVID-19: https://apjo-covid-faqs.org/ 5. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong cache = ./cache/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323471-stajtsbf author = Kristoffersen, ES title = Hospital-based headache care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark and Norway date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3853 sentences = 256 flesch = 57 summary = The aim of the present study was to investigate how the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic affected the hospital management of headache in Denmark and Norway. CONCLUSION: Hospital-based headache care and research was impacted in Denmark and Norway during the initial phase of the Covid-19-pandemic. The aim of this "Neurology during a pandemic (NeuroPan) study" was to examine how the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic affected the specialized hospital-based treatment of headache patients in Denmark and Norway. In Norway, hospitals were twice as likely to start patients on CGRP antibodies rather than BTX as the new preventive treatment for chronic migraine (41%) compared to Denmark (17%). BTX is one of the few available and effective treatments for a large group of headache sufferers with chronic migraine in Denmark and Norway, and the lack of access to care thus negatively affected the most vulnerable headache patients [9, 28] . Hospital-based headache care and research was impacted in Denmark and Norway during the initial phase of the Covid-19-pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323421-67r1qmc9 author = Liao, Yunfei title = Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3723 sentences = 255 flesch = 57 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study Methods This study enrolled all cases (no=1848) with mild or moderate type of COVID-19 in Fangcang shelter hospital of Jianghan in Wuhan from Feb 5th to Mar 9th, 2020. The patients from mild or moderate type to severe type showed the following clinical characteristics: the median incubation (onset to shelter) period was 10 days; they were all symptomatic at admission; fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms; hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart diseases were common co-morbidities; most of the patients had elevated levels of CRP at ill onset with 33.3% over 10 mg per L; bilateral distribution and ground-glass opacity were the most common manifestations in chest CT. 21.20074724 doi: medRxiv preprint retrospective cohort study to disclose the clinical characteristics and risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to the designated hospital in Fangcang shelter hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323540-7b2mt1a8 author = García, Leidy Y. title = Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4014 sentences = 180 flesch = 52 summary = Therefore, the objective of this research was to estimate the individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and, at the same time, find the main factors that determine this valuation. The main results showed that the WTP depends on the preexistence of chronic disease ([Formula: see text]), knowledge of COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), being sick with COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), perception of government performance ([Formula: see text]), employment status ([Formula: see text]), income ([Formula: see text]), health care ([Formula: see text]), adaptation to quarantine with children at home ([Formula: see text] and whether the person has recovered from COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]. In the second section, the potential attributes of the vaccine and the context of contagion risk were presented; that is, we described the contingent market and asked about the WTP and the protest responses of individuals who are not willing to pay due to economic or moral reasons (15 items). cache = ./cache/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323570-jpicmqpq author = Dambha-Miller, Hajira title = Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2402 sentences = 142 flesch = 50 summary = The following data will be extracted and verified by one of the five members of the review team (AA, HDM, CW, SH, SK): (1) drug class; (2) drug name; (3) duration of treatment; (4) effect on ACE2 level (defined as upregulation, or downregulation, or no effect); (5) model (for example, human, mouse); (6) site of ACE2 receptor (for example, lung, brain); (7) study design; (8) study population (including disease state studied for human and animal model studies); (9) sample size; and (10) country. Summary This review will deliver timely and key answers to an important question amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: do any routinely prescribed drugs up-or down-regulate levels of ACE2 expression or activity, and therefore play a potential role in disease transmission? The strengths of this review protocol include its broad search strategy; inclusion of both human and animal studies;and the intention to rapidly assess and synthesise the evidence to meet the pressing research needs of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors believe that this will be the first systematic review assessing associations between drug exposure and levels of ACE2 expression or activity for drugs routinely prescribed in the UK. cache = ./cache/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323538-9dlr6kqh author = Malard, Florent title = COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1600 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = To date, very few data are available on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic diseases. Here we describe the demographic characteristics, coexisting conditions, imaging findings, and outcomes among patients with hematologic disease and COVID-19 infection. We included all consecutive adult patients with a hematologic disease admitted to the Hematology Department (inpatient and outpatient admissions) of the Saint-Antoine-Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, with laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 infection between March 9 and April 4, 2020 and with at least 10 days of follow-up. As of April 16, 2020, with a median follow-up since symptom onset of 29 days (range, 14-40), 13 of the 18 patients (52%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [9] and 6 received mechanical ventilation ( Supplementary Fig. 1) . This study highlighted the following observations: patients with a hematologic malignancy harbored a higher risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19 with ARDS, requiring mechanical ventilation, compared to those in the general French population without an underlying medical condition [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323633-d0w8oqp8 author = Banda, J. M. title = Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 998 sentences = 59 flesch = 49 summary = title: Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data In this work we present a preliminary characterization of post-COVID-19 symptoms using social media data from Twitter. We use a combination of natural language processing and clinician reviews to identify long term self-reported symptoms on a set of Twitter users. We mined and manually reviewed social media data from a selective set of Twitter feeds (#longcovid, #chroniccovid) to characterize patient reports of long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Two clinicians (GS, OA) manually reviewed these tweets to identify patients with COVID-19 and their self-reported symptoms, and to attribute ICD-10 codes to them. Our analysis of patient-reported long-term COVID-19 symptoms matches clinician-collected data recently reported by Carfi et al 5 . We have shown that researchers can leverage social media data, specifically Twitter, to conduct long-term post-COVID studies of patient-relevant and self-reported symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author = Varatharaj, Aravinthan title = Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 231 flesch = 36 summary = METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapidresponse case report notification portals (CoroNerve platforms) comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN) Rare Diseases Ascertainment and Recruitment (RaDAR), 12 the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), 13 and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), 14 in collabo ration with the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA), 15 the Neuro Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (who used the ABN portal), the Intensive Care Society, and key stakeholders. cache = ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323507-u28g423o author = Ofosu-Poku, Rasheed title = Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1457 sentences = 87 flesch = 63 summary = The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated an interim restructuring of the healthcare system in accordance with public health preventive measures to mitigate spread of the virus while providing essential healthcare services to the public. This article discusses how the Palliative Care Team of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana has modified its services in accordance with public health guidelines. The potential challenges in the bereavement period for this family could be dealing with the 'stigma' of their loved one dying of COVID-19 and the emotional trauma of not being able to perform death rituals for their loved one ("End coronavirus stigma now," 2020; World Health Organization, 2020a, 2020c). In order to meet the palliative care needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19, the following strategy (illustrated in Figure 1 ) was developed after discussions with the COVID teaman interdisciplinary team of doctors and nurses in public health Rasheed Ofosu-Poku et al. World Health Organization (2020a) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report -35 cache = ./cache/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323695-jkik03lb author = Paolo, Gisondi title = Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1745 sentences = 88 flesch = 46 summary = Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323482-kk8iyavj author = Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title = The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5341 sentences = 282 flesch = 44 summary = We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 . cache = ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323676-sp8kys0n author = Valensisi, Giovanni title = COVID-19 and Global Poverty: Are LDCs Being Left Behind? date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7124 sentences = 306 flesch = 51 summary = Using growth forecasts from various vintages of the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects (and in some cases from the International Monetary Fund -IMF), other authors find that COVID-19 could trigger an increase in the number of people living below US$1.90/day by 40-100 million (Gerszon Mahler et al. In the second step, the above growth rates, pre-and post-COVID-19, are utilized to 'line up' the corresponding poverty estimates using PovcalNet, the World Bank's computational tool, which draws on more than 1500 household surveys from 164 countries and contains the official estimates of poverty at country, regional, and global levels. Focusing on the US$3.20 per day poverty line, South Asia is likely to suffer by far the largest slump, entailing a rise of nearly 4 percentage points in the headcount ratio, equivalent to 74 million additional poor, compared with what would have occurred if the pre-COVID-19 growth forecasts had materialized (Fig. 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323686-1bmpvmdd author = Vrdoljak, Eduard title = Cancer and COVID-19; how do we manage cancer optimally through a public health crisis? date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1070 sentences = 51 flesch = 44 summary = Given our dramatically-changed emotional and social infrastructure, given media's specific focus on COVID-19 over all other health issues (cancer included), through 24 news cycle and social media, we should carefully and precisely measure the impact of these cumulative medical and social changes on oncology outcomes, particularly in CEE/LMIC regions. Cancer is the leading cause of death in the developed World (4) and is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in LMICs. Every month in Europe we are diagnosing 352,500 new oncology patients (4). Stage migration upwards at diagnosis, less organized multidisciplinary teamwork, suboptimally delivered oncology therapy and reduced follow-up could cause significant increases in cancer morbidity and mortality. We need to balance the COVID-19 challenge and the preventive measures we are taking to mitigate this pandemic with the undeniable risk of increased morbidity and mortality for oncology patients in a COVID-19 prioritized health system. cache = ./cache/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323590-m4jsu1q5 author = Ortiz de Landazuri, Iñaki title = Manufacturing and Management of CAR T-Cell Therapy in “COVID-19’s Time”: Central Versus Point of Care Proposals date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4339 sentences = 230 flesch = 41 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has generated a significant repercussion on the administration of adoptive cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. The aim of this mini-review is to focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected CAR T-cell therapy and taking into consideration the differences between the large-scale centralized productions for the pharmaceutical industry versus product manufacturing in the academic/hospital environment. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is to focus on how the effects caused by the pandemic have affected this therapy taking into consideration the differences between the large-scale centralized production of CAR T-cells by the pharmaceutical industry versus the product manufacturing processes employed by the academic/hospital environment. We also review different aspects of CAR T-cell therapy, including patient selection and resource prioritization performed in our center during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323661-rss9litb author = Gressenberger, Paul title = Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1440 sentences = 79 flesch = 50 summary = title: Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences By retrospective data analysis we explored the incidence of PE patients, defined as high-risk according to the 2019 ESC-guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute PE at our emergency department in the period from March 16 to April 30, 2020 (forty-six days) during 3 the countrywide shutdown that was initiated by the Austrian government. The main finding of our retrospective data analysis was a significant increase in hospital admissions of patients with life-threatening high-risk PE during the shut-down period (March 4 16 -April 30, 2020; 33.3%) compared to both the period before the shutdown in 2020 ("control period 1"; 3.8%, p=0.011) and the same time period in 2019 ("control period 2"; 0%, p=0.003) (Table 1) (Figure 1 ). In conclusion, delayed hospital admission led to a significant increase in high-risk PE patients during the COVID-19 shutdown in Austria. cache = ./cache/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323616-53kksp5w author = Wright, L. title = What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults. date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6774 sentences = 380 flesch = 50 summary = We find evidence that increased confidence in government to tackle the pandemic is longitudinally related to higher compliance, but little evidence that factors such as mental health and wellbeing, worries about future adversities, and social isolation and loneliness are related to changes in compliance. Therefore, in this paper we use data from a weekly panel of 51,600 adults across twelve weeks of lockdown in the UK (01 April -22 June) to explore which factors out of a wide range drawn from the literature cited above were associated with self-reported adherence to government guidelines to tackle COVID-19. Our study presents a substantial advance on previous research by exploiting the longitudinal structure of our data to test for reverse causality and to account for time-invariant heterogeneity across individuals, and by using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) 42 to assess whether within-person changes in potential predictors of compliance are related to later changes in compliance, a question that is more consistent with a causal process 43 . cache = ./cache/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author = Misra, Durga Prasanna title = Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6149 sentences = 288 flesch = 36 summary = Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. The HIBISCUS multicentre multinational trial is evaluating the effect of HCQ (400 mg daily for the duration of pregnancy) compared to placebo, in addition to standard therapy (i.e. preventative dose of low molecular weight heparin with aspirin), on live births in women with primary APS. A related study, the HIBISCUS-T trial, is evaluating the preventative role for recurrent thrombosis in patients with thrombotic APS treated with HCQ or placebo in addition to oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists for 24 months [15] . Clinical trials might also attempt to decipher the potential utility of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate or colchicine for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in a high risk population, such as those with metabolic syndrome and in individuals with inflammatory arthritides which predispose to greater cardiovascular risk. cache = ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323631-r31sfq90 author = Edul, Vanina Siham Kanoore title = Microcirculation alterations in severe COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 786 sentences = 62 flesch = 41 summary = PURPOSE: To assess the presence of sublingual microcirculatory and skin perfusion alterations in COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to previously reported normal values, total and perfused vascular density (21.9 ± 3.9 and 21.0 ± 3.5 mm/mm(2)) and heterogeneity flow index (0.91 ± 0.24) were high; and the proportion of perfused vessels (0.96 ± 0.03), microvascular flow index (2.79 ± 0.10), and red blood cell velocity (1124 ± 161 μm/s) were reduced. Sublingual microcirculation was characterized by decreases in the proportion of perfused vessel and flow velocity along with high vascular densities. Microvascular thrombosis has recently been diagnosed in patients with COVID-19, and it has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in this disease [1] . Recently, sublingual microcirculatory abnormalities were shown in 12 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [5] . Thus, our goal was to assess the characteristics of sublingual microcirculation and skin perfusion in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323690-dp51djtz author = Arora, Alisha title = Understanding Coronaphobia date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3266 sentences = 188 flesch = 48 summary = review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. Based on a review of these studies, we define coronaphobia as an excessive triggered response of fear of contracting the virus causing COVID-19, leading to accompanied excessive concern over physiological symptoms, significant stress about personal and occupational loss, increased reassurance and safety seeking behaviors, and avoidance of public places and situations, causing marked impairment in daily life functioning. cache = ./cache/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323666-t7cshj05 author = Cegolon, L. title = Nasal Disinfection for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Scoping Review on Potential Chemo-preventive Agents. date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6187 sentences = 339 flesch = 46 summary = Figure 1 reports the corresponding changes as percentage or odds; the latter detects the improvement of the index score better than the former because it is able to overcome the ceiling effects J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Therefore, in addition to an effective treatment for symptomatic patients, there is an urgent need to abate the carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in the human nasal cavity of asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic individuals, in order to contain the transmission of the novel coronavirus within the community. The abstracts of the original articles were explored for the following terms: mechanism(s) of action, tolerability and any evidence of toxic effects or selection of resistant strains, whether the treatment was tested in vitro (in particular against SARS-CoV-2), or reached the clinical trials stage, or is currently marketed/promoted/sold. cache = ./cache/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323775-sonsrf5b author = Franchini, Linda title = Mental Health Services For Mood Disorder Outpatients In Milan During COVID-19 Outbreak: the experience of the health care providers at San Raffaele Hospital date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1644 sentences = 77 flesch = 39 summary = We described a telephone-based surveillance on 101 euthymic Mood Disorder outpatients in Milan by a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures and the presence of quarantine stressors. The present report aims at describing the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on Mood Disorder patients attending the Mood Disorder Outpatient Center at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, with the aid of a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures. Among our sample, 76% of patients reported frustration due to restrictions, 53.5% fears about infection, 45.5% financial concerns, 44.5% psychic anxiety, 40.6% low mood, 36.6% somatization, 31.6% increased alertness, 29.7% insomnia, 20.8% self-medication with sedatives, 2.9% inadequate supplies. The purpose of our brief report is to describe the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on the quarantine effects in a sample of euthymic mood disorder patients who could not attend their scheduled psychiatric visit due to lockdown measures. cache = ./cache/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323582-7y8pt72r author = Ahamad, Martuza title = A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4446 sentences = 249 flesch = 55 summary = We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. We extracted important features of basic information (age, gender), symptoms (fever, cough, muscle soreness), diagnostic results (lung infection, radiographic imaging), prior disease/symptom history (pneumonia, diarrhea, runny nose) and some trajectory information (isolation treatment status, travel history) that are directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 disease. In our study, we developed and tested a range of machine learning approaches and found the most significant clinical COVID-19 predictive features were (in descending order): lung infection, cough, pneumonia, runny nose, travel history, fever, isolation, age, muscle soreness, diarrhea, and gender. cache = ./cache/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323743-hr23ux58 author = Chen, Xiaofeng title = A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4064 sentences = 223 flesch = 45 summary = title: A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone. • A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. We also develop and validate a model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on radiological semantic and clinical features. In statistical analysis, the chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and t test were utilized to compare the radiological semantic and clinical features between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. In this multi-center study, statistical analysis was performed in comparing imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323489-ro7kbnu3 author = Arenas, María Dolores title = Protection of nephrology health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4137 sentences = 194 flesch = 50 summary = There are a number of reasons why the protection of healthcare professionals has to be one of the main objectives in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: 1) They are necessary to guarantee the continuity of care; 2) They have a high risk of contagion due to their front-line exposure to infected patients; and 3) They may act as transmission vehicles in their day-to-day work to patients, other colleagues, and members of their families and the community. a Special care or protective measures for medical, nursing and auxiliary staff who work daily with haemodialysis patients As has previously been described in other publications 3,10 , the main protection measures for healthcare professionals and patients in haemodialysis units are: 1) adequate information for patients attending the centre in terms of maintaining a safe distance from fellow patients in waiting rooms and ambulances, and in the use of surgical masks and frequent hand washing; 2) early detection of patients suspected to be infected on arrival at the unit (questionnaires about symptoms or close contacts, taking temperature), and if highly suspect, taking a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR testing. cache = ./cache/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323696-0lq8ql6n author = Bearman, Gonzalo title = Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time? date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 134 flesch = 51 summary = We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. 1 We reflect on the US and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. cache = ./cache/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323603-99d0wv1h author = Nunez Garcia, B. title = Real-world data: Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1537 sentences = 106 flesch = 56 summary = Methods: EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, BRCA1/2 mutation testing of advanced lung adenocarcinoma, metastatic colorectal, metastatic melanoma and ovarian cancer patients were performed by qPCR and NGS. Methods: During the period 11 th March to 15 th May 2020, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection who were attending Beaumont Hospital for systemic anti-cancer therapy were included. Those with an ECOG performance status (PS) 3 were more likely to die than those with PS 2 (p<0.001).Compared to those who recovered, patients who died from COVID-19 had higher mean number of organs affected by cancer (3.7 vs. Conclusions: Patients with cancer who contracted COVID-19 and died had more sites of metastatic disease, a poorer performance status, and a higher Palliative Prognostic Score. Results: Our bulk data suggests that aerodigestive and lung cancer models express a broad range of ACE2 and TMRPSS2, particularly in epithelial cells, and would serve as good models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author = Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title = Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2353 sentences = 102 flesch = 51 summary = Among other important contributions, mathematical and statistical models are being used to forecast the short and long term course of the COVID-19 epidemic in a given population; these results are useful for estimating medical capacity requirements and to keep the public and decision-makers informed. Considering the model based on the Richards curve, it is estimated that in SP there will be K = 2,276,152 cases of COVID-19 by the end of the epidemic, and the peak of cases will occur on day b = 186.1 (tentatively, August 28, 2020). Figure 3 shows estimates of parameters K and b obtained from the fit of Richards models to the daily COVID-19 reports in SP and CE, considering a time series beginning on the date of notification of the first case in each state and ending on different dates, in a range from April 14 to July 8, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323766-oyyj35bl author = Parker, Michael J title = Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4597 sentences = 208 flesch = 52 summary = In this paper, our aim is to set out a number of ethical considerations relevant to the use of mobile phone apps to enable rapid contact tracing. Any consideration of the ethical questions arising in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has to place great importance on the moral significance of its international spread and the massive scale ii The effectiveness and reach of any implementation of the app in democratic societies will inevitably be affected by varying configurations of state-citizen relationships, as well as by the roles of civil society groups and non-governmental actors. In this paper, we have set out a number of pressing ethical questions raised by the proposed use of a mobile phone app, the collection of proximity data for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the safe emergence of populations from government-imposed lockdowns. cache = ./cache/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323793-c69joaqs author = Palmieri, V. title = Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19? date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 155 flesch = 41 summary = In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. While government bodies are struggling in preventing further spread of COVID-19, researchers immediately started tests on vaccines and a clinical trial is currently underway with potential treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] . Ziem and colleagues synthesized thermal rGO sulfate derivatives and demonstrated their antiviral activity against African swine fever virus, orthopoxvirus and herpesvirus strains [14, 15] . Synergistic antiviral effect of curcumin functionalized graphene oxide against respiratory syncytial virus infection cache = ./cache/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323923-5j8kowzv author = Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan title = Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 67 flesch = 53 summary = title: Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 This platform, freely accessible at https://covid.inato.com/analysis, centralizes available data about clinical studies from the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry platform (https://www.who. The platform is updated every day and displays studies in a user-friendly website, providing a live review of registered clinical studies and their main design features in real time. In addition, Anticovid provides interactive maps and charts summarizing the main data about the existing clinical studies, such as the drug(s) used, the countries involved and the cumulative number of patients per therapeutic class. The principal limitation of this platform is that data in clinical registries regarding study design, dose or duration of treatments being assessed, or primary outcomes, are often lacking-as has been described in a recent review. A brief review of antiviral drugs evaluated in registered clinical trials for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323794-p3zjxo1h author = Malik, A. A. title = Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the U.S. date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3678 sentences = 210 flesch = 51 summary = As COVID-19 vaccines are under development, public health officials and policymakers need to create strategic vaccine-acceptance messaging to effectively control the pandemic and prevent thousands of additional deaths. Methods: Using an online platform, we surveyed the U.S. adult population in May 2020 to understand risk perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, and trust in sources of information. The purpose of our study is to describe the current vaccine acceptance landscape with aims to 1) predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using regularly available demographic information, 2) identify the most vulnerable populations, and 3) provide information for public health officials and politicians to develop messaging for all Americans, while targeting communities most in need. The best model to predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in our survey using demographic information that is readily available had age, gender, race, and education as explanatory variables with an area under the curve (AUC) of 72% (table 2; figure 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323809-bocidwg4 author = Patel, Dhwanil title = COVID-19 EXTRAPULMONARY ILLNESS - The Impact of COVID-19 on Nephrology Care date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3418 sentences = 196 flesch = 48 summary = It has also impacted different aspects of caring for people with kidney disease, including those with acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), those requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and those with a kidney transplant. In this article we review how COVID-19 involves the kidney, causing acute kidney injury (AKI), and how it affects patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), and those with a kidney transplant. Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 appear to have similar clinical presentations as the general population, though morbidity, including need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality vary among reports. In another case series of 35 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 from both the inpatient and outpatient settings in New York, 39% of patients needed mechanical ventilation, 21% needed KRT, and the mortality rate was 28% at 3 weeks, significantly higher than the general population in the United States whose mortality rate is reported to be 1 to 5% 49 . cache = ./cache/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323816-3m1iu9j2 author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2689 sentences = 135 flesch = 45 summary = Emerging data clearly suggests, that associated comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and malignancy are often associated with increase in severity and or mortality in patients with COVID-19. A Boolean search was carried out to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19 in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords that include "SARS-CoV2" OR "COVID-19", AND "risk", "severity", "mortality", "obesity", "diabetes", "hypertension", "cardiovascular disease", "chronic kidney disease", "cancer", "chronic pulmonary disease", "developing countries". In this regard, our recent meta-analysis Table 1 summarizes the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 from the largest reported data from China, USA, UK, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Kuwait and India [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323751-ofz4htdb author = Liu, Yuzhi title = Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 822 sentences = 52 flesch = 48 summary = In comparison with the other reports on this topic [2, 3] , this case-control study can provide more significance and credibility owing to the correction of baseline status for gastrointestinal symptoms in non-COVID-19 patients. After excluding the critical cases from COVID-19 group, the detection rates of erythrocyte, leukocyte and OB in feces were not higher than those of the control groups (non-COVID-19 pneumonia, lung tumor and healthy subject). In the subgroup analysis of fecal examination results, the detection rates of leukocytes and OB in feces were only significant different between critical and non-critical group (both P < .001). High possibility of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in critical COVID-19 cases can increase the risk of secondary damage in gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the occurrence of abnormal fecal examination. Consequently, the abnormal fecal examination results may be used as risk factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients, especially for critical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323906-ro078y52 author = Sardu, Celestino title = Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3581 sentences = 178 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that non-0 covid-19 hypertensive patients have significantly higher values of pro-thrombotic indexes, as well as higher rate of cardiac injury and deaths compared to 0 patients. Actually, although hypertension is known to trigger endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic status [9] , no data are currently available exploring the association of AB0 group with inflammatory/thrombotic status in hypertensive patients with diagnosis of covid-19.Therefore, in this study we investigated the inflammatory/thrombotic status and clinical outcomes as cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19,comparing 0 vs. Then, we performed a multivariate analysis, which revealed that interleukin-6 (IL-6, 1.118, CI 95% 1.067-1.171) and non-0 blood group (2.574, CI 95% 1.207-5.490) were identified as independent predictors of cardiac injury in hypertensive patients with covid-19 (Table 2) . In this sense, it is critical to note that we found that the non-0 blood group results in 2.6-fold and 3.7-fold increased risk to develop cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323934-vew4uxu4 author = Mohanty, S. K. title = Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3132 sentences = 189 flesch = 58 summary = title: Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany The USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden are four worst affected countries, accounting to over 40% of COVID-19 attributable deaths on longevity, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) in USA, Italy, Germay and Sweden. We have analysed four worst affected countries; namely USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany that The total deaths obtained from UN projection are estimated deaths in the absence of COVID-19 infection. The age specific COVID-19 attributable deaths for USA is collected from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [35] and that for Italy, Germany and Sweden is taken from Statista [36 -38] . Age specific assessment of Years of potential life lost (YPLL) under varying scenario of COVID-19 death share is presented in Table 3 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323965-6mzzibj8 author = Kapoor, Krishan Mohan title = COVID‐19 Pandemic: Consensus Guidelines for Preferred Practices in an Aesthetic Clinic date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3357 sentences = 224 flesch = 54 summary = A set of consensus guidelines for 'preferred practices' in aesthetic clinics is proposed in this paper for maintaining a high level of safety for the patients coming to the clinic for treatment as well as for the doctors/ therapists performing the procedures. • Small procedure rooms 12 with limited or no natural ventilation • Central air conditioning having a single cooling unit and multiple room vents in most aesthetic clinics, without HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filtration as present in most operating rooms 13 • Inadequate distance between the patient and treating doctor or therapist 14 • Some of the procedures could take a long time with a patient, e.g., Full Face Ultherapy treatment, Whole body laser hair reduction • Repeated handling of equipment like touch screen, desktop, patient chairs by doctor/therapist and initial screening and handling of patient forms, cash, credit card by the front office staff cache = ./cache/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323941-6rdveab3 author = Levine, Diane Thembekile title = Child safety, protection, and safeguarding in the time of COVID-19 in Great Britain: Proposing a conceptual framework date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6235 sentences = 263 flesch = 46 summary = While the pandemic clearly poses a risk to the lives and wellbeing of vulnerable groups, necessary public health measures taken to delay or limit the spread of the virus have led to distinctive challenges for prevention, family support, court processes, placement and alternative care. The UK Government's efforts to address child vulnerability and provide protection and support for those children and young people who fall within its narrow definition have greatly impacted the way in which social services have delivered routine practice. In contrast, the aspirational conceptual framework re-frames the flow of information in a way that enables: a) a more holistic and child-led flow of information/data across the micro and macrosystems; b) places child development and their articulation of that development in a crucial, intersectional position in the data flow; c) suggests a single data flow through the interconnected systems intended to act as protective factors for vulnerable/at risk children and young people, and; d) recognises the importance of effective digital mediation of services for those who need it most. cache = ./cache/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323898-054gv684 author = Khan, Anas A. title = Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3345 sentences = 182 flesch = 55 summary = Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This high reported rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 cases may exacerbate the cost burden of viral respiratory infections in a country that was deeply affected by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and resulted in a huge financial burden with an estimated direct medical cost per patient of SAR 48,551.36 (United States dollars (USD) 12,947.03) [13] . In light of the high rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia, there is a need to identify different sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex) and medical (e.g., mechanical ventilator (MMV) use, ICU admission) status that might increase mortality risk. cache = ./cache/cord-323898-054gv684.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323898-054gv684.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323910-lms3xw4k author = Putman, Michael title = Antirheumatic Disease Therapies for the Treatment of COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4592 sentences = 293 flesch = 46 summary = In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified and summarized published and pre-print original scientific articles that described the use of antirheumatic disease therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. The final eligibility criteria were (1) Included 5 or more people infected with SARS-CoV-2; (2) antirheumatic disease therapy (Supplemental Appendix); (3) published after January 1st, 2019; (4) original research; (5) had one of the following outcomes: Death, ventilator-free days, escalation of care (ICU transfer), length of hospital stay, symptom resolution, viral clearance. For reporting purposes and due to the methodological diversity of the studies, we prioritized results for summary and synthesis based on study design (RCT > cohort studies > case series), risk of bias assessment (low risk > some concerns > high risk) and relevance of the outcome (e.g. mortality > viral clearance). All rights reserved DISCUSSION In this systematic review and meta-analysis of antirheumatic disease therapies for the treatment of COVID-19, the use of hydroxychloroquine was not associated with mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323940-ubazgvov author = Cafiero, Concetta title = Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7359 sentences = 408 flesch = 34 summary = Recently, pharmacogenomics (the effects of a single genetic marker) and pharmacogenetics (the collective influence of variability across the genome to modulate an individual's drug response) have received great attention for their abilities to provide a new way to select drugs for personalized therapy (optimal dosing for maximizing drug efficacy or minimizing the risk of toxicity). 35 Search terms were "Covid-19", "novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV2", "pharmacogenetics", "treatment/s", "adverse side effects", "therapy", "lung", "ocular", "pulmonary infection", "drugs", "drug response", "virus", "candidate drugs", "potential inhibitors", "protease inhibitors", "personalized medicine", "individual therapy", "pneumonia", "ACE", "heparin", "vasculitis", "conjunctivitis", "rhinitis", "hematological complication" and "main metabolic routes", either alone or in combination. Drugs in use as routine therapy or in clinical trials for Covid-19 include steroids and antiviral and biological humanized neutralizing antibodies against some proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1, IL6, IFN, and TNFα, in addition to supportive measures and symptomatic treatment, according to the severity of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323966-vj9za3cx author = Collier, Karole T. title = COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1378 sentences = 83 flesch = 52 summary = These factors work synergistically with poor social determinants of health to increase vulnerability to COVID-19 and result in egregious disparities in infection rates and morbidity/mortality. In this moment, our response to African American COVID disparities is critical and signifies our call to action for all vulnerable populations affected. As AIDS spread across the U.S., it exposed structural vulnerability within African American communities and the ways in which poor pre-existing health infrastructure contributed to outcome disparities. 3 The AIDS epidemic is the only modern day health crisis we can compare to COVID-19; its lessons require us to have truthful reflection and discussion regarding our progress with disparities and the associations of race with health outcomes. Shortly before our nation had its first surge of COVID-19 patients, the American College of Surgeons published a perspective piece with a specific call to action in addressing disparities and surgical access. cache = ./cache/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323981-jo2n51mi author = Yu, Wei title = ACE2 contributes to the maintenance of mouse epithelial barrier function date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2936 sentences = 192 flesch = 51 summary = ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut, but its role has not been fully understood and thus COVID-19 treatments intending to downregulate ACE2 level may cause untoward side effects. For immunofluorescence, gut tissue slides or intestine organoids were blocked with 3% BSA, 0.2% TWEEN 20 in PBS, and incubated with primary antibodies (1:100 dilution) (MUC2 Monoclonal Antibody, KI-67 Antibody, LGR5 Monoclonal Antibody, Alexa Fluor™ 488 Phalloidin, MitoSOX™ Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator). Ace2 deficiency led to an increased FITC fluorescence in organoids, suggesting that ACE2 contributes to intestinal barrier function (Fig. 2E) . reported that ace2 deficiency causes a high risk of colitis due to hampered immune cell trafficking as well as alterations of gut microbiota [19] . We herein observed a markedly higher intracellular calcium concentration and ROS level in ace2 À/À intestinal organoids. In conclusion, neither ACE2 downregulation nor ACEI is the ideal treatment for COVID-19 patients with gut diseases, and combination therapy of ACEI and calcium blocker merits further investigation. cache = ./cache/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324041-lqokztor author = Saussez, Sven title = Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3081 sentences = 139 flesch = 43 summary = RESULTS: In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. While self-reported new onset loss of smell is important from an infection control perspective, as it allows patients to recognize COVID infection and self-isolate at an early stage; however, psychophysical testing has demonstrated that self-reporting underestimates the true prevalence of olfactory dysfunction [7, 8] . Despite this potential mechanism for epithelial injury, nasal cytological studies in 18 COVID-19 patients, of which 12 reported smell impairment, lacked typical findings of viral induced cellular injury [15] , suggesting that direct effects of the virus on the olfactory epithelium cannot likely account for the severity of loss seen in many patients. cache = ./cache/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323826-nxst9poy author = Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title = Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 737 sentences = 56 flesch = 49 summary = title: Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education designed and has been implementing an electronic national screening system (https://salamat.gov.ir/) using a modern information network technology. This self-screening plan has been successful through government implementation and community engagement. In conclusion, a successful electronic screening system was developed and introduced to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. On one hand, this system helps in the initial identification of patients with COVID-19 infections and prevents any delay in clinical interventions. Reference: Daily Situation Report on COVID-19, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, IR Iran. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education website cache = ./cache/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323943-9916y6x0 author = Platt, Daniel E title = Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4149 sentences = 230 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, we sought to understand whether the parameters of epidemic models could be determined from the trajectory of infections, recovery, and hospitalizations prior to peak, and also to evaluate the quality and comparability of data between jurisdictions reporting their statistics necessary for the analysis of model parameters across populations. Beside host and viral genetic impacts, other aspects driving SARS-COV-2 rates are population specific and demic, such as the impact of age on both asymptomatic and mild cases, as well as the proportion of severe and critical cases. In this paper, we seek to identify the limitations of using compartmental models to estimate or test hypotheses concerning parameters governing the growth of SARS-COV-2 epidemics. Therefore, infected population growth may be more closely reflected in the fraction of positive results normalized by total number of tests applied, in spite of very highly biased sampling selection. The rate of growth and doubling time may reflect availability and levels of testing more than the actual disease in the population. cache = ./cache/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324035-43jy23ic author = Fronterre, C. title = COVID-19 in England: spatial patterns and regional outbreaks date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3540 sentences = 159 flesch = 45 summary = In determining a suitably "fine" spatial scale at which to perform surveillance, report the occurrence of disease cases, and be able to predict risk from continued outbreaks, it is necessary to consider the spatial variation of underlying population characteristics determining transmission of, and susceptibility to, COVID-19. In this section, we describe a spatiotemporal phenomenological approach to monitoring COVID-19 on a national scale, highlighting regions of higher than expected case incidence, regions that have high propensity for sustained transmission, and regions that are at risk from imported infection from other regions of the country. Although these data may be subject to temporal biases due to changing testing regimes, they appear to provide the most spatially resolved measure of number of COVID-19 cases available to modellers with cases attributed to each of 315 Lower Tier Local Authorities (LTLAs) in England consistent with our aim of spatial analysis of the outbreak (modified from statutory LTLAs, see following section). cache = ./cache/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324060-vvexfg1c author = Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. title = When there is a pandemic there is no time to waste: should we have hydroxychloroquine in our armoury against COVID-19 infected patients? date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2725 sentences = 163 flesch = 52 summary = The current use of chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine, a drug currently used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases, in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia is a matter of intense consideration. There is no certainty that chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine is efficacious for the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia, especially immunocompromised patients. Based on the Italian and Spanish experience, we anticipate that we will have a shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds if we have many severe COVID-19-infected cases in Greece (https://www.reuters.com/ article/us-health-coronavirus-draegerwerk-ventil/germany-italy-rush-to-buy-life-saving-ventilators-as-manufacturers-warn-of-shortages-idUSKBN210362). In China alone, at least 23 clinical trials investigate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. The expert panel of the National Public Health Authority has very recently (26 March 2020) revised the therapeutic protocol/algorithm for the treatment of symptomatic COVID-19 patients, which includes hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine. cache = ./cache/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324092-ertcvh8x author = Madani, Azzeddine title = The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5173 sentences = 175 flesch = 46 summary = Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. The results obtained show the impacts of confinement during the first total and partial confinement operations of the coronavirus epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria on certain habits of the daily life of citizens, where we note a high rate of hand washing during the day, since 51.77% of the study sample reported washing their hands up to 10 times a day, and 36.73% of the population washed their hands between 10 and 20 times a day. cache = ./cache/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323980-rcyjthze author = Willems, Laurent M. title = SARS-CoV-2-related rapid reorganization of an epilepsy outpatient clinic from personal appointments to telemedicine services: A German single-center experience date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4373 sentences = 186 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: Documentations of telephone contacts and telemedicine consultations at the Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main were recorded in detail between March and May 2020 and analyzed for acceptance, feasibility, and satisfaction of the conversion from personal to telemedicine appointments from both patients' and medical professionals' perspectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the acceptance, feasibility, and satisfaction of the SARS-CoV-2-related conversion from face-to-face to telemedicine appointments from the perspectives of both patients and medical professionals. General understanding and acceptance of cancelations of elective face-to-face ambulatory visits and of the option to have telemedicine consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany was high, especially in patients with very urgent or urgent appointment priority. cache = ./cache/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324075-8r7v0g29 author = Jiang, Yuanyuan title = COVID‐19 affected patients' utilization of dental care service date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 749 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = According to the guidelines of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA), dental clinics in China suspended the routine dental services and only provided emergency dental care between January and April 2020 (CSA, 2020). The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on patients' utilization of dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Table 2 showed patients' psychological state, behaviour, and awareness of COVID-19 and their evaluations on the current dental service. But most respondents in the study still showed worries about the potential risk of COVID-19 during their dental visits. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected patients' dental care-seeking psychology and behaviour. Factors associated with patients' psychology of COVID-19 Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China Health services provision of 48 public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China cache = ./cache/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324159-jv3lknl8 author = Ashraf, Muddasir title = Acute Stroke in a Young Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1733 sentences = 98 flesch = 50 summary = We present an interesting case of acute ischemic stroke in a 26-year-old patient with coronavirus disease 2019, who presented to the hospital initially with headache, vomiting, and right-sided numbness and tingling. Unusually large numbers of stroke cases have been reported worldwide in young patients [1, 2] , reinforcing our belief that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that affects not only the lungs but also other vital organs. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis, including stroke in case series from different health centers and anecdotal reports. A single health system identified five cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19 over two weeks, with symptoms suggesting large-vessel occlusion; all patients were under 50 years of age [1] . The interesting question that arises from this case is whether young patients with COVID-19 have an increased risk of stroke in the presence of PFO, and should prophylactic anticoagulation be initiated to prevent stroke until these patients recover from their illness? cache = ./cache/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324186-yw5qpbme author = Kovalic, Alexander J. title = Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 148 flesch = 51 summary = title: Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis In this novel systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of underlying chronic liver disease was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 infections and mortality. It is not known whether patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are more likely to develop COVID-19 as there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of CLD among patients Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1207 2-020-10078 -2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. cache = ./cache/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324143-ztj6o4ob author = Harper, Craig A. title = Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5726 sentences = 280 flesch = 44 summary = In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N = 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. (2020) research, subjectively judged self-control attenuated the link between perceived COVID-19 severity and poorer mental health, suggesting that combining a sensible level of fear about the illness with messages related to personal agency could encourage safetypromoting behavior in the form of hand hygiene and social distancing. That is, the results of the current study suggest that negative emotions in response to the current pandemic predict adaptive public health-compliant behavior change (e.g., hand washing, social distancing). We argue that the lack of any significant political orientation or moral foundations effects on behavior change is a positive point from a social perspective, and suggests that, in times of (inter)national crisis, people can forgo their ideological commitments and behave consistently with governmental advice in pursuit of a common public health good. cache = ./cache/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324198-b8f99z8r author = Allam, Zaheer title = Underlining the Role of Data Science and Technology in Supporting Supply Chains, Political Stability and Health Networks During Pandemics date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6789 sentences = 286 flesch = 52 summary = Besides those, even when countries went on lockdown, the use of technology became even more apparent, as devices such as drones, robots, sensors, smart helmets, and thermal detectors were widely used for different purposes such as delivery, identifying potential coronavirus virus cases and other purposes (WHO, 2020b) . Going further, even post-COVID-19, the role of computation technologies will continue, especially in reevaluating the policy responses, and hence help different stakeholders to identify areas of weakness and how such could be strengthened in case of similar future major disruptive events. According to The World Bank (2020), data transparency not only would help in reducing political tension and win over the coronavirus but is also prerequisite in weathering down the economic shocks affecting the global economy, especially by helping enhancing trust in governments, hence promoting investments especially post-COVID-19. On the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Smart City Network: Universal Data Sharing Standards Coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Benefit Urban Health Monitoring and Management cache = ./cache/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324038-1ub2d92w author = Calvo, Cristina title = Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics() date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1145 sentences = 70 flesch = 59 summary = Since the development of the document ''Recomendaciones sobre el manejo clínico de la infección por el «nuevo coronavirus» SARS-CoV2'', 1 there have been substantial changes in the epidemiological situation in Spain. There is evidence that children, even in cases of mild disease, can be an important source of transmission, with a rate of infection of close contacts of 7.4% in children aged less than 10 years, similar to the mean rate in the adult population of 7.9%. As of March 7, 2020, less than 10 days after the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Madrid, at least 63 patients aged less than 14 years (54% male) have been tested for SARS-CoV-2 by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Through its website, the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics) makes available documents, updated periodically, specifying the care protocols for different situations, including management of children who belong to high-risk groups. cache = ./cache/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324245-cfiekxr4 author = Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo title = Prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3765 sentences = 200 flesch = 40 summary = In a single-center cross-sectional study, all patients hospitalized for more than 5 days in Internal Medicine Department with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia received 2-point compressive ultrasound assessment (CUS) of the leg vein system during a single day. Aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis of the legs in a cohort of patients admitted to Internal Medicine of Cremona Hospital, with severe SARS-Cov-2 infection and treated with standard thromboprophylaxis, in a period between 5 and 10 days from hospitalization. The main demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with DVT are shown in Table 2 Discussion Our study shows that in patients admitted to a hospital medical ward because of COVID-19-associated pneumonia, the prevalence of silent proximal DVT was as high as 13.6%, despite standard anticoagulant prophylaxis. cache = ./cache/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324307-2zbm4iwn author = Kam, Kai-qian title = A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load date = 2020-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1914 sentences = 123 flesch = 62 summary = A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. Two specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) methods, targeting the N and ORF1ab genes, were designed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. A nasopharyngeal specimen taken on admission and tested by rRT-PCR confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with low cycle threshold (N gene, 15.57; Orf1ab gene, 13.73), suggesting high viral load. On day 2 of admission, he was found to be viremic with detection of SARS-CoV-2 in his blood sample via rRT-PCR. Repeat testing of his urine on day 9 of admission was negative, but his stool sample became positive for SARS-CoV-2. Similar to reports of adult COVID-19, we confirm the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the stool of our infant. cache = ./cache/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324300-6iv6c9nw author = Goldstein, Mark R title = Reply: Use of statins in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 523 sentences = 30 flesch = 43 summary = journal: QJM An interesting issue cited by Kow, et al., was that, in an animal model, statins have been shown to increase the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor [3, 4] , which is the functional receptor for cell entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, since statin use is so widespread and the drugs are commonly prescribed at high doses, particularly for patients with many of the comorbidities associated with COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, it might have a deleterious effect on some manifestations of the disease, by increasing ACE2 receptor expression. For example, might high-dose statin therapy lead to an increase in asymptomatic nasal, oral or intestinal virus transmissibility in COVID-19? High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa cache = ./cache/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324246-liyk6mna author = Shakoor, Hira title = Be well: A potential role for vitamin B in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2240 sentences = 132 flesch = 40 summary = Vitamin B assists in proper activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, improves respiratory function, maintains endothelial integrity, prevents hypercoagulability and can reduce the length of stay in hospital [7, 8] . In a recent preprint it is suggested that PLP supplementation mitigates COVID-19 symptoms by regulating immune responses, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, maintaining endothelial integrity and preventing hypercoagulability [22] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Vitamin B not only helps to build and maintain a healthy immune system but it could potentially prevent or reduce COVID-19 symptoms or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, vitamin B modulates immune response by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation, reducing breathing difficulty and gastrointestinal problems, preventing hypercoagulability, potentially improving outcomes and reducing the length of stay in the hospital for COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324175-5c4ijkpm author = Kassas, Mohamed El title = COVID-19 in Egypt: Through Crisis to Adaptation; a gastroenterologist’s Perspective date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2414 sentences = 133 flesch = 42 summary = Liver injury is usually mild and does not require specific treatment [13] ; however, rare cases of severe acute hepatitis in patients with COVID -19 have been reported [9] . Telemedicine has started in many centers in Egypt after the COVID-19 pandemic by customizing dedicated phone numbers for different gastroenterology and hepatology services as viral hepatitis clinics, liver cirrhosis clinics, vascular liver diseases clinics, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinics. Although many centers have multidisciplinary teams for the management of different gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases (hepatocellular carcinoma and IBD), online meetings for these teams are not a common practice. Preparation for liver transplantation in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic requires testing for SARS-CoV-2 for donors and recipients before the operation, which is not applicable in many countries, including Egypt, because of the test sparing to suspicious cases only [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324304-3hih17gk author = Qarnain, Syed Shuibul title = Review on government action plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 159 flesch = 52 summary = Among all these close down scenarios and locked down industries, utility companies and energy distribution sector were operational 24/7 round the clock providing uninterrupted power supply for a comfortable lockdown "stay in home". A study conducted in New York city showed that the industrial and commercial, overall energy consumption was decreased around 7% in pandemic time, But the domestic house hold consumption increased to about 23% in March and 10% in April 2020 [31] .This clearly indicated that in March 2020 and April 2020 the residential electricity consumption globally was high leading to increase in economic and financial burden of families [31] . Although the electricity demand in India will increase in years to come [13, 14, 15] and the power industry is facing huge challenges in terms of electricity pricing [16] , The Indian government announced a three months moratorium for state owned electricity distribution companies to make payments for their power purchased by them it also reduced the payment security to 50% for future power purchases , The government also waived penalties for late payment and it ensured that electricity is not disconnect round the clock in COVID-19 prevalent times [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324265-j3v3i8vm author = Marietta, Marco title = COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5031 sentences = 242 flesch = 37 summary = The severity of the derangement of coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients has been associated with a poor prognosis, and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and by Several Scientific societies. In these patients, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) seemed to be associated with a lower risk of death [10] and is currently recommended by the World Health Organization [11] and by several scientific societies [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324270-8rgkop42 author = Renaud-Picard, Benjamin title = Delayed pulmonary abscess following COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1184 sentences = 80 flesch = 43 summary = The chest radiography showed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities that were consistent with a COVID-19 infection ( Figure 1A) . A nasopharyngeal swab, using RT-PCR, tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between Days 8 and 25 of hospitalization, three specific serologies for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, all of which strongly demonstrated positive IgM and IgG levels (BIOSYNEX COVID-19 BSS rapid test, Strasbourg, France). We believe that patients that present with a severe form of COVID-19 pneumonia would benefit from a well-defined and specific followup after hospital discharge, including early clinical examination, chest CT, and pulmonary-function tests. Figure 1 : A: Chest radiography showing bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities, which are consistent with a COVID-19 infection, four days after symptom onset. B: Axial chest CT, one month after symptom onset, revealing one pulmonary abscess in the right lower lobe, which is associated with sub-pleural bilateral ground-glass opacities that are consistent with partially resolved moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324210-zpb9jicw author = Russell, Beth title = Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say? date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1122 sentences = 52 flesch = 54 summary = Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anticancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. cache = ./cache/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324316-ulb8d5fe author = Bramstedt, Katrina A. title = Antibodies as Currency: COVID-19’s Golden Passport date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1398 sentences = 73 flesch = 49 summary = Due to COVID-19, the fragile economy, travel restrictions, and generalized anxieties, the concept of antibodies as a "declaration of immunity" or "passport" is sweeping the world. Numerous scientific and ethical issues confound the concept of an antibody passport; nonetheless, antibodies can be seen as a potential currency to allow movement of people and resuscitation of global economics. In this way, antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2-the COVID-19 coronavirus) are potentially the new golden passport, but the concept is a moving target with clinical unknowns, as well as legal and ethical complexity (Phelan 2020; Persad and Emanuel 2020) . With the COVID-19 pandemic causing a fragile worldwide economy and millions of people unemployed (Congressional Research Service 2020), there is a risk of antibody certificates being viewed as the "golden passport" to return to work and travel. Show me your passport: Ethical concerns about Covid-19 antibody testing as key to reopening public life cache = ./cache/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324185-zt88o3co author = Sovacool, Benjamin K. title = Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7229 sentences = 326 flesch = 43 summary = Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324204-y8eckkyb author = Stevens, Michael P. title = Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 756 sentences = 55 flesch = 37 summary = To the Editor-To our knowledge, no formal recommendations exist for the inclusion of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in disaster planning or emergency response preparedness efforts. The current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak highlights numerous opportunities where ASPs can support emerging pathogen response and planning efforts. An informal Twitter poll was initiated on March 1, 2020, asking the infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship communities whether ASPs at their health systems had been involved in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak response or preparation. 2 Response efforts to novel respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 represent an opportunity for programs to formally integrate, to develop crosscoverage capabilities, and to create shared leadership opportunities. ASPs can support SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 response efforts in numerous ways within the context of their normal daily activities. We recommend that hospital epidemiology programs strongly consider integrating their ASP colleagues into disaster preparedness plans as well as identify a more formal role for stewards in their operations beyond the current COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324236-32sxqeko author = Hua, Wenbin title = Work Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgeons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Analysis date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1313 sentences = 74 flesch = 50 summary = During the pandemic period, many orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19 in China, and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed in our hospital decreased sharply. METHODS: The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons was evaluated by the workplaces of orthopaedic surgeons, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rate of orthopaedic surgeons and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed. RESULTS: During the pandemic period, 65.56% of the orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19. The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons was greatly changed by the To prevent the nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, it is necessary to conduct rigorous screening of each patient before being admitted to our hospital at the outpatient department, emergency department, or fever clinics. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, china cache = ./cache/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324366-x3djkzqn author = Hao, Fei title = COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8913 sentences = 417 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 and China's Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China's hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. In this regard, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the COVID-19 management framework in the context of China's hotel industry; the framework addresses phases, principles, and strategies of the industry's anti-pandemic journey. In addition to summarizing the overall impacts of COVID-19 on China's hotel industry, the importance and originality of this study are that it develops a COVID-19 management framework comprising anti-pandemic phases, principles, strategies. It also offers original insights into major trends of China's hotel industry during the post-pandemic era, including the emergence of multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. cache = ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324368-z1sjukgf author = Lyons, Zaza title = COVID-19 and the mental well-being of Australian medical students: impact, concerns and coping strategies used date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2093 sentences = 124 flesch = 49 summary = The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student mental well-being, assess concerns and determine activities used by students to help with the situation. There were no significant differences in K10 mean score or distress level (low, moderate, high, very high) between students in different years of the medical course. In addition to teaching-related changes, other impacts such as loss of peer interaction and social connectedness, and financial stressors including loss of part-time employment caused by the economic consequences of the pandemic have potential to impact negatively on student well-being and cause further psychological distress, disrupt daily life and medical studies. Survey questions included demographic information; self-rated assessment of current mental well-being; the Kessler 10 (K10), questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on various areas of life, concerns about COVID-19 and activities and strategies used to help with the situation. cache = ./cache/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324234-3l8n9mhf author = Brennan, John title = Social work, mental health, older people and COVID-19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2721 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = Social workers engaging with the general population of older people work with people presenting with a range of issues including mental health needs. Increasingly, social workers are likely to work with those older people who experience poverty, ill-health, depression, dementia, substance abuse, or those with unresolved traumas from previous years (Phillips and Ray, 2012) . Some social workers have been temporarily redeployed to undertake new roles or tasks, for example, moving from working with community-based older people to a position as a family liaison worker for nursing homes in a local area. Social workers in residential, hospital, and community settings have sought new creative ways to advocate for and support older people to find ways to overcome social isolation, receive information, and access resources, including increased usage of assistive technology. Social workers are in the frontline in Ireland and across Europe and further afield in supporting older people emotionally and practically to maintain their mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324359-88vy3dre author = Kamara, Foday Mamoud title = How villagers in central Sierra Leone understand infection risks under threat of Covid-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2949 sentences = 163 flesch = 59 summary = We undertook fieldwork in two villages in central Sierra Leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with Covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks. Asked to explain their choices 48% of players cited information on infection risks modelled by the game and 31% stated that their choices reflected awareness of the need for personal action and respect for local regulations. The data relate to rural populations in Sierra Leone exposed both to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in 2014-15 and now to Covid-19 in 2020. Three kinds of responses (Table 5 , 89% of all remarks) dominated comments after people made choices in the game-need for rules governing e.g. quarantine, comments on personal capacities to prevent or avoid infection (often made in the context of justifying a choice for disease "mango"), and comments about the relative risks to be inferred from "reading the stones" (i.e. recognition of a pattern in the way the stones were cast, as in divination practices). cache = ./cache/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324356-v0bqi5c2 author = Turner, Tari title = The crucible of COVID-19: what the pandemic is teaching us about health research systems date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1747 sentences = 79 flesch = 55 summary = Sadly, we are also seeing that the systems we have in place to translate the results of research into improvements in health practice and policy are not fit for purpose in a pandemic. However, in the light of COVID-19, it is very clear that the delays caused by standard workflows, which are both appropriately rigorous and inappropriately bureaucratic, are slowing the translation of new research evidence into practice, and that lives are being lost in those lost days, weeks and months. The real challenge will be converting these acute 'evidence hunger pangs' into an ongoing appetite in our governments, health systems and others to fund and use research evidence to guide decision-making beyond the pandemic. This crucible of COVID-19 highlights the fundamental need to institutionalize the use of research evidence in policy decisions at a time of crisis, and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324387-mnucvmr1 author = Dunn, Michael title = ‘Your country needs you’: the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4753 sentences = 207 flesch = 49 summary = title: 'Your country needs you': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to increasing asymmetries of need across the whole health service, and reallocating clinical staff becomes an important responsive strategy, when staffing levels are finite, to address this issue. cache = ./cache/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324483-zvj1ttay author = Ganesh, Radhakrishnan title = Management of appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic; short-term outcomes date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2787 sentences = 170 flesch = 40 summary = CONCLUSION: CT/MRI scan was preferred to laparoscopy in diagnosing appendicitis and conservative management of uncomplicated appendicitis was common practice after the onset of pandemic. Adult patients admitted with a suspected diagnosis of appendicitis had a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis irrespective of the age group, these patients also had a CT chest at the same time, to look for any signs of COVID-19 infection. In this paper, our objective was to evaluate the change in our practice of managing patients admitted with acute appendicitis, and to investigate short-term outcomes after the onset of pandemic. A conservative approach was adopted in managing an acute surgical condition recognising the risk of increased post-operative morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infected patients. Retrospective analysis of the outcome of conservative management at a later date will help in the grading of CT scan findings in selecting patients for non-operative treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324498-kl63hglt author = Kwok, Benjamin title = Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3253 sentences = 154 flesch = 48 summary = title: Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients greater than or equal to 18-years-old who received emergency department or inpatient care at an academic hospital in New York City between March 1st and April 30th, 2020 (COVID era) and were found to have radiographically confirmed PE. While there was an increase in cases of PE during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID era, there was a decrease in proportion of PERT activations (26.8% vs. Patients without PERT activations during the pre-COVID era were less likely to be on LMWH (9.5% vs. In fact, PERT activations during COVID era were predominately on female patients, those with a history of DVT/PE, those on anticoagulants prior to hospital encounter, and those who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative. cache = ./cache/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324529-xbrdtxnz author = Wang, Ming title = Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4045 sentences = 223 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury. extracted the currently largest cohort regarding 1099 mainly moderate SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and showed 39.4% with severe disease had elevated AST and 28.1% had elevated ALT, and the proportion was 18.2% and 19.8% in patients with non-severe disease [6] .Given that the number of patients in these studies is relatively small, information about the clinical characteristics of liver injury in these patients is scarce. The present study showed that liver injury was more prevalent in male, severe or critically ill patients with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% or peak temperature ≥ 38.5 °C on admission, and comprehensively delineated the risk factors for COVID-19-associated liver injury. cache = ./cache/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324405-6uanhe2p author = Burke, Rachel M. title = Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6616 sentences = 242 flesch = 41 summary = To interrupt transmission and facilitate early identification of secondary cases (i.e., transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from the original travel-related case patient to a close contact), public health authorities at the state, county, and local levels, in consultation with subject-matter experts from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mobilized rapidly to place the patients under appropriate isolation and identify contacts exposed to these patients. To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with � 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members and some healthcare personnel. cache = ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324273-fl7k8ubi author = So, M. K. P. title = On Topological Properties of COVID-19: Predicting and Controling Pandemic Risk with Network Statistics date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6818 sentences = 318 flesch = 57 summary = First, we make use of publicly available data, namely daily number of confirmed cases and daily accumulated number of infected people in each country to learn topological properties of dynamic pandemic networks and to visualize the propagation of COVID-19 for risk prediction and control. After that, probably due to stringent measures imposed by various countries, including travel restrictions, community lockdown and enhancing social distancing, the standardized S 1t drops but quite slowly in mid April and May. The time series of the PRS stays mostly above 0.05 till mid June, indicating that the pandemic risk is still substantial even after three months of the WHO's declaration with tremendous measures and efforts from various countries in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324385-v8onclcc author = Woertz, Eckart title = Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2824 sentences = 139 flesch = 51 summary = Food accessibility for vulnerable population segments such as migrant labour is another issue that requires yet further policy measures, such as safety nets – whose expansion would be politically controversial if not impossible, however. Neither domestic self-sufficiency nor self-sufficiency by proxy (i.e. farmland abroad) are the main challenges, rather the management of value chains, food diplomacy to ensure the functionality of multilateral frameworks, tackling malnutrition and its consequences (e.g. obesity) and ensuring food accessibility for vulnerable segments of the populationsuch as migrant labour and people with insecure residency statuses. This all means that the Gulf countries find themselves in a relatively privileged position: their global supplies of agricultural products are unlikely to dry up in the foreseeable future, while their modern food value chains that are dominated by supermarkets and capital-intensive processing plants are less vulnerable to COVID-19-related disruptions. cache = ./cache/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324364-9p04oeac author = Hasan, Syed Shahzad title = Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7998 sentences = 314 flesch = 40 summary = Original, observational (prospective or retrospective) studies Included patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) Documented use of either angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Reported frequency, percentage, and/or adjusted estimate of mortality or disease severity and/or adverse clinical outcomes (septic shock, admission to intensive care units) associated with COVID-19 From any region or language The reported odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) that had been adjusted for potential covariates in the respective original studies and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled in a random-effects model to estimate the association between the use of ACEIs/ ARBs and the risk of mortality and severe/critical illness in COVID-19 patients. In fact, the other studies [52, 78, 80, 84] included in the subgroup pooled analysis reported no difference in the risk of severe/ critical illness with the use of ACEIs compared to non-use of the ACEIs. A key strength of this systematic review and meta-analysis was the pooling of adjusted estimates on the mortality and severe/critical outcomes from the use of RAS inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324507-w32pe2pz author = Dubé, Mirette title = COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5737 sentences = 224 flesch = 34 summary = Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km(2)), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada. cache = ./cache/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324565-p3jl1vie author = Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib title = Poor Prognostic Biochemical Markers Predicting Fatalities Caused by COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Developing Country date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3277 sentences = 151 flesch = 46 summary = This study aims to identify the most effective predictive biomarker such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer, among others, in predicting the clinical outcome of the disease. Conclusion Inflammatory markers are a useful guide for predicting mortality, and the study results concluded that LDH, PCT, D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin were effective biomarkers. This study aims to identify the roles of these biomarkers (CRP, ferritin, LDH, PCT, and Ddimer), among others, in predicting the severity and clinical outcome during the disease. A study undertaken in Wuhan, China, that evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients also found an important association of CRP with severe disease prognosis. Our study showed that LDH is also significantly increased in patients experiencing a severe course of the disease compared to those with mild infections, thereby demonstrating its role as the most potential biomarker in predicting COVID-19 severity. cache = ./cache/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324557-4u8dja0n author = Leblanc, Jean‐François title = Risk of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 by Transfusion: A Literature Review date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3044 sentences = 195 flesch = 50 summary = Complementary searches have identified reports demonstrating that the correlation between the presence of viral RNA in a biological sample and infectivity requires a minimal RNA load, which is rarely, if at all observed, in blood components. More specifically, PubMed was interrogated with a series of queries aimed at identifying references that relate to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and the detection of viral genomic material in blood, plasma, or serum. From this screen, 23 references reporting any data or stating any information on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic material in human blood, plasma, or serum, were selected ( Table 2) . An exhaustive search strategy led to the identification of 23 references reporting data on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic material in blood components (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324642-uk4ir8po author = Okuhara, Tsuyoshi title = Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3461 sentences = 211 flesch = 59 summary = title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan RESULTS: Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants' intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004). Such articles convey messages from governors, public health experts, physicians, COVID-19 patients, and residents of outbreak areas, encouraging people to stay at home. In areas with high numbers of infected people, the message from a physician, which conveyed the crisis of hospitals being overwhelmed and the consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment, increased the intention to stay at home to a greater extent than other messages from a governor, a public health expert, a patient with COVID-19, and a resident of an outbreak area. cache = ./cache/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324669-qca0uwxo author = Radermecker, Coraline title = Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4883 sentences = 261 flesch = 43 summary = title: Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Our study reports that NETs infiltrate distinct compartments and lesions in the lungs of COVID-19 patients with a fatal outcome. Altogether, our study supports the idea that targeting NETs in COVID-19 patients may help the clinical management of severe forms of COVID-19 by alleviating thrombotic events, excessive tissue-damaging inflammation, fibrosis, and airway obstruction. Online supplemental material Fig. S1 shows microscopy pictures of immunofluorescence lung sections from non-COVID-19 patients stained with DAPI, anti-MPO, and anti-Cit-H3 antibodies. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Contribute to Immunothrombosis in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome COVID-19: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in acute lung injury (C) Representative confocal microscopy pictures of immunofluorescence staining of lung sections from non-COVID-19 patients (MPO [red] and Cit-H3 cache = ./cache/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324725-6xu7q927 author = Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth title = Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2565 sentences = 152 flesch = 55 summary = Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants used social media to obtain information (61%), and a significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (61%) and symptom onset (63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. A 23-item survey instrument was developed using WHO course materials on Emerging respiratory viruses, including COVID-19 [14] , and covered the domains of HCWs characteristics, awareness, information sources, knowledge and perceptions related to COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 doi: medRxiv preprint perceptions to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The findings of this study suggest significant knowledge gaps between the amount of information available about COVID-19 and the depth of knowledge among HCWs, particularly about the mode of transmission and incubation period of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 doi: medRxiv preprint Generally, most participants had a positive perception of prevention and control of COVID-19. We identified a significant gap constituting the source of information, poor knowledge levels, and discrepancies in the perceptions about COVID-19 among our study participants. cache = ./cache/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324722-hcil0kj3 author = Robbins, Shira L. title = Economic impact on pediatric ophthalmologists in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3256 sentences = 176 flesch = 51 summary = For private practices (solo, multispecialty, and pediatric only), 43% of physicians (122/282) applied for the EIDL, and 40% received the loan. In contrast, for private practices, with 90% responding to the question, 50% (157/315) reported a reduction of >51% in staff through furlough or dismissal; 36% (112/315) reduced staff by >76 %. Within the private practice subgroups, each reported similar rates of respondents who will limit Medicaid patients. Disproportionate staff reduction by multispecialty groups may result from the AAO recommendation to cease all nonemergent care in contrast to pediatric ophthalmology practices, which may have been more influenced by the AAP's directive to remain available for patients. 9 This survey revealed that a large number (nearly 90%) of pediatric ophthalmologists were either furloughed or had their salary reduced, and approximately 10% of those in private practice filed for unemployment. Although all sectors of pediatric ophthalmology were affected by the reduction in patient volume, at the 1-month juncture, the effect on private practices was greatest. cache = ./cache/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324644-sz5n7a5z author = Rehman, Mahin title = Atypical Manifestation of COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 91 flesch = 45 summary = There was a case report that described a patient with COVID-19 with regional wall motion abnormalities who had a biopsy consistent with lymphocytic myocarditis but histopathological and viral genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the biopsy did not reveal the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome to be present within the myocytes [3] . With this report, we aim to highlight an atypical presentation of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)induced myocarditis as this patient was completely afebrile and had no respiratory symptoms, both of which are typical characteristics. Current consensus around COVID-19-induced myocardial injury is to maintain conservative management especially in those without suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have mild troponin elevation, as in our young patient. COVID-19-induced myocardial injury can present as a STEMI or non-STEMI (given the evidence of troponin leak) and without concurrent febrile illness or respiratory symptoms of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324509-5c6fzdjm author = Huang, Haijun title = The association between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2150 sentences = 139 flesch = 48 summary = 7 Some studies have reported the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , including some factors that may lead to COVID-19-related liver damage and the relationship between liver function damage and disease prognosis. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics and dynamic changes in liver function based on different liver function levels at admission and different prognosis, in the purpose of finding out risk factors related to liver injury, and associations between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19, including mortality and mechanical ventilation. 13, 17 One study had suggested that the dynamic changes in liver enzyme levels in severe patients were more significant, and AST was the parameter most correlated with mortality. In our study, the dynamic changes of ALT and AST levels were more significant in patients with liver injury and in the fatal group. cache = ./cache/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324615-oqjl3hq2 author = Orendain, Dan Jezreel A. title = Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2054 sentences = 110 flesch = 54 summary = title: Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic Internal displacement is considered as one of the most adversely impactful human mobility issues and urban phenomena, both to the affected people and the city, and yet it remains underrepresented in all forms of narrativefrom international discourse, advocacy, research (UNOCHA 2018) , and even within the sustainable development goals (Zeender 2018) . With possible long-term effects, internally displaced families are extremely vulnerable to livelihood loss and financial insecurity compared to members of the host city or community (The World Bank 2019). Beyond immediate responses to the growing social, economic, and physical insecurity globally, how do we address issues of the internally displaced in the face of an epidemic or pandemic as they are more likely being excluded from the general narrative? cache = ./cache/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324708-2ypm0d52 author = Kumar, Venkatesan Sampath title = Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown‐early experience from a tertiary centre in India date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1861 sentences = 114 flesch = 52 summary = 3 Like in rest of the world, during the nationwide Indian lockdown, it was agreed that elective surgeries had to be deferred and emergency life-saving procedures should be performed with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) if COVID-19 test results are awaited. [4] [5] [6] As a tertiary bone sarcoma referral centre catering to a large population, we continued to perform oncological procedures during the lockdown period with strict adherence to local protocols. We suppose that this study would be useful in providing inputs in formulating guidelines for bone sarcoma surgery in times like the current COVID-19 pandemic. We did not perform routine COVID-19 testing on all our preoperative patients as per existing guidelines during that period. There was a significant increase in number of major surgeries performed during lockdown (37 out of 41) as compared with normal period (24 out of 50). Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown cache = ./cache/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324553-qd8249w3 author = Cadegiani, F. A. title = An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial. date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6393 sentences = 402 flesch = 51 summary = The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of any early pharmacological approach to females diagnosed with COVID-19 before seven days of symptoms, as well as investigate whether HA is an additional risk factor in this population. Materials and methods: Females with symptoms for less than seven days confirmed for COVID-19 through positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2) were classified and divided as non-HA, HA, and HA using spironolactone (HA-spiro) groups. Conclusions: A sensitive, early detection of COVID-19 followed by a pharmaceutical approach with different drug combinations yielded irrefutable differences compared to sex-, age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and disease-matched non-treated controls in terms of clinical outcomes, ethically disallowing placebo-control randomized clinical trials in the early stage of COVID-19 due to the marked improvements. Several different molecules demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have been proposed as promising therapies for COVID-19 (13) , among which the most attempted drug combinations included azithromycin in the majority of the cases, in association with hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin or nitazoxanide (13, 14) . cache = ./cache/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324714-mym5xi23 author = Staunton, Peter title = Regional Trauma Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2265 sentences = 147 flesch = 56 summary = In comparison to the corresponding time-period in 2019, trauma theatre activity reduced by almost one half (45.3%) Conclusion The majority of trauma referred to our Dublin based centre during COVID-19 related population restrictions appears to be home based and trauma volumes have decreased. Trauma and orthopaedic units, in Ireland amongst others, have cancelled non-urgent elective surgery, moved to virtual based clinics, and made fundamental changes to the provision of trauma(3). Symptomatic of the potential impact on trauma provision, the British Orthopaedic Association have released a pandemic specific BOAST guideline to support practitioners in making difficult treatment decisions during this time(4). Theatre activity data in the three trauma hospitals was collected for the corresponding time-period in 2019 and 2020 to allow for year on year comparison. Trauma and orthopaedic service provision is changing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. BOAST -Management of patients with urgent orthopaedic conditions and trauma during the coronavirus pandemic2020 cache = ./cache/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324619-y7gilopu author = Alam, S.B. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 may be an underappreciated pathogen of the central nervous system date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5244 sentences = 254 flesch = 42 summary = In this review, we examine some of the most recent data of COVID-19-associated neurological disease and the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may be infecting the CNS. suggested that since SARS-CoV-2 shared significant similarities to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it was entirely possible that SARS-CoV-2 could similarly penetrate the brain and CNS of infected patients through synapses in the medullary cardiorespiratory center and thereby cause respiratory failure (5) . Similar to these neurotropic HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of some COVID-19 patients may also lead to entry into the CNS and this could occur via two main pathways: i) infection of peripheral nerves and retrograde axonal transport; and/or ii) hematogenous spread and infection of the cells of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we have extrapolated information from other neurotropic viruses to make some predictions and it is clear that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to infect the CNS and cause long-term neurologic damage in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324727-bj8oei0v author = Zhang, Xiaomei title = Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1864 sentences = 129 flesch = 42 summary = The Chinese Gastroenterology Expert Group, comprising experts from the gastroenterology units and national medical aid teams of the epidemic region of Wuhan, along with the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology introduce and recommend this management consensus for digestive disorders in patients with COVID-19. Liver injury in patients with COVID-19 may be caused by either systemic inflammation or direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 22 of cholangiocytes (13) . To prevent or control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in epidemic communities, gastroenterological procedures such as esophageal pH test, gastrointestinal motility, hydrogen breath test, fecal microbiota transplantation, Helicobacter pylori breath test, and stool antigen detection are recommended for suspension or postponement until the epidemic is under control. Don't overlook digestive symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity: Clinical presentation, stool viral RNA testing, and outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324752-t50bg7pq author = Lavery, Michael Joseph title = Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children (and adults): A virus that does not discriminate date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2649 sentences = 185 flesch = 49 summary = COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus with a characteristic S-glycoprotein 'spike' on the cell surface.(1) Initial reports did not include cutaneous manifestations as a feature of COVID-19; however, there is a growing repertoire of reports demonstrating an array of dermatologic manifestations on the skin in children and adults. Dermatologic afflictions have been summarized into different categories several times, with the most recent analysis identifying six clinical patterns: urticaria, maculopapular-morbilliform eruption, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like acral pattern, livedo reticularis-livedo racemose pattern, and purpuric 'vasculitic' pattern.(2) In children, the dermatologic features appear to occur before or concomitantly with other COVID-19 manifestations. 24 Recently, nail changes have been identified in patients with COVID-19 manifesting as a convex half-moon shaped erythematous band at the distal margin of the lunula and coined 'the red half-moon nail sign.' 25, 26 In the United Kingdom (UK), researchers analyzed data from users of the COVID Symptom Study application and noted 8.8% of 336,847 users, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 viral swab, reported a skin eruption. cache = ./cache/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324776-upfguze6 author = Zhang, Peihua title = Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1811 sentences = 107 flesch = 53 summary = title: Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates This study aimed to evaluate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) level with the poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by utilizing a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates. The results based on random-effects model indicated that elevated value of IL-6 was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (pooled effect = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.31, I(2) = 90.7%). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the association of IL-6 level with the adverse outcomes of COVID-19 patients by utilizing a meta-analysis on the basis of adjusted effect estimates. The results of subgroup analysis only based on prospective studies showed that elevated IL-6 values were also significantly associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients (pooled effect = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14) (Fig. S2b) . cache = ./cache/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324528-517vb02n author = Zhang, Mo title = Terminator or accelerator? Lessons from the peer-to-peer accommodation hosts in China in responses to COVID-19 date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7972 sentences = 378 flesch = 45 summary = To answer these questions, this study applied the awareness-motivationcapability (AMC) framework as a foundation for building a dynamic loop of decisionmaking processes to investigate P2PA host responses to COVID-19 in China during the outbreak period (January-March 2020) and the resume period (April-May 2020) . A multi-case study with semi-structured in-depth interviews of nine P2PA hosts from six cities in China was conducted to develop the dynamic loop of the AMC framework and explore the decision-making processes of hosts during the COVID-19. Also, the study highlighted the impact of capabilities, such as host-guest interaction, financial resources and the handling of legal issues, on survival under COVID-19 (Farmaki & Kaniadakis, 2020; Guttentag, 2015; Jiang et al., 2020; Kreeger & Smith, 2017; Tussyadiah & Pesonen, 2016) , while exploring that platform collaboration failed to provide support (Liang et al., 2020; Yannopoulou, 2013) . cache = ./cache/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324707-9ld73wv1 author = Mitjà, Oriol title = Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults with Mild Covid-19: A Randomized-Controlled Trial date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4268 sentences = 263 flesch = 54 summary = Study outcomes were the reduction of viral RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs up to 7 days after treatment start, patient disease progression using the WHO scale up to 28 days, and time to complete resolution of symptoms. Adult patients aged 18 years or more were eligible if they had mild symptoms of Covid-19 (i.e., fever, acute cough, shortness of breath, sudden olfactory or gustatory loss, or influenza-like-illness) for less than five days before enrollment, were non-hospitalized, and had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in the baseline nasopharyngeal swab. We estimated that a sample size of 280 patients would provide the trial with 80% power to detect a difference of 0.5 log 10 in the mean reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load at a two-sided significance level of α = 0.05, assuming an expected standard deviation of 1.5 [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324488-be0m5gqh author = Melaku, Tsegaye title = Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 991 sentences = 70 flesch = 55 summary = title: Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus 88 and its impact on global mental health Research studies involving patients require ethical approval. Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and fully informed written consent which should be documented in the paper.Authors must obtain written and signed consent to publish a case report from the patient (or, where applicable, the patient's guardian or next of kin) prior to submission. We ask Authors to confirm as part of the submission process that such consent has been obtained, and the manuscript must include a statement to this effect in a consent section at the end of the manuscript, as follows: "Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. cache = ./cache/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324839-6w9kdhod author = Huang, Jianping title = Global prediction system for COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1949 sentences = 97 flesch = 44 summary = Therefore, a system for global pandemic prediction is urgently needed to provide important scientific data to the WHO and local governments to help with public decision-making and allocation of medical resources. Many countries also implemented epidemic prevention and control measures during the outbreak, and it is important to consider the role of national interventions in the spread of COVID-19. Currently, however, no studies have considered the influence of meteorological factors and interventions on global COVID-19 prediction models. In this article, we integrated the epidemic prediction model with real global pandemic data and considered the influence of environmental factors (temperature and humidity) as well as the implementation of control measures, to establish our own global prediction system, which is the first of global COVID-19 prediction system. Our prediction system is a modified epidemiological susceptible-infectiousrecovery (SIR) model [6, 11] that incorporates real global pandemic data, meteorological factors, and quantified quarantine measures [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324809-16zvqizl author = Mehta, Neil title = Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4802 sentences = 213 flesch = 32 summary = Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to have a long-lasting impact on the approach to care for patients at risk for and with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the risks from potential exposure and resource reallocation. Existing HCC risk stratification models should be utilized to prioritize imaging resources to those patients at highest risk of incident HCC and recurrence following therapy though surveillance can likely continue as before in settings where COVID-19 prevalence is low and adequate protections are in place. COVID-related risks may be especially relevant in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for whom management often involves multiple interactions with the healthcare system (e.g. phlebotomy, radiological imaging, clinic visits, and HCC-directed treatments) but who may be more susceptible to severe COVID-related complications. Regional COVID-19 exposure risk may impact choice of systemic therapy in advanced HCC based upon availability of local resources (e.g. infusion center, endoscopy, clinical trials) and risk of regimen-specific toxicities (e.g. immune-related adverse events which may require high doses of corticosteroids). cache = ./cache/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324983-2fjo664i author = Chaturvedi, Santosh K. title = Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 959 sentences = 51 flesch = 47 summary = title: Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times This has led to a unique experience among health care professionals, specially doctors and nurses, arising from their predicament. The features are a sense of confusion about what is right and what is wrong, questioning about one's duty and role in the situation, questioning one's purpose in life and work, feelings of frustration, feeling demoralized and what is expected from them by the system, ruminations about the conflict and dilemma, helplessness about what to do, a lack of motivation, a sense of incompleteness of one's existence, a sense of loss of meaning in the given circumstances, a sense of fatigue and burnout, indecisiveness and other experiences which are difficult to put in words. Covid-19, coronavirus and mental health rehabilitation at times of crisis Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324794-h08uzro4 author = Kutlu, Ömer title = The explosion in scabies cases during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 664 sentences = 48 flesch = 56 summary = 2, 3 Recently, we reported that not number but percentages of patients with scabies, psoriasis, urticaria, and scabiesrelated visits to dermatology outpatient clinic increased immediately ten days after COVID-19 pandemic. In the literature, the increasing number of patients with scabies during COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been reported in European countries. Given Turkey's cultural structure, the lifestyle such as living in the same household with a large number of people, which has become more common due to pandemic-related temporary migration is more frequent than European countries. On the other hand, although the number of patients who requests for outpatient clinics that are not directly related to the pandemic cases decreased in Turkey, most of the hospitals continued to provide healthcare services in all branches of medicine including dermatology. 4 All these factors may be a possible explanation of why Turkey has more scabies cases than European countries. The effect of the "stay-athome" policy on requests for dermatology outpatient clinic visits after the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324898-bjxpuqhr author = Lazzeri, Marta title = How Italian respiratory physiotherapists have faced and are facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1620 sentences = 73 flesch = 34 summary = Where present, respiratory physiotherapists (RPh) made a great contribution by working together with other health professionals in assisting patients, providing "quick basic training sessions" about respiratory care for non-specialist healthcare professionals, locating and assessing all kinds of equipment (ventilators, interfaces, oxygen delivery systems, among others) to assist patients with respiratory failure and implementing early intervention with those patients in healthier conditions. Despite the absolute novelty of the pathology and the lack of scientific evidence, based on the available knowledge of physiopathology and respiratory care strategies, in collaboration with other scientific societies (Associazione Italiana Fisioterapisti -AIFI-, Associazione Italiana Pneumologi Ospedalieri -AIPO-, Società Italiana Pneumologia -SIP-, European Respiratory Society-ERS-), documents have been published in open-access journals and platform aimed to promote safe use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and to support the decision process in the management of COVID-19 patients in the acute and postacute phases [1] [2] [3] [4] . cache = ./cache/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324676-pz4rg6up author = Stefanini, Giulio G. title = ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1089 sentences = 65 flesch = 46 summary = We aimed to evaluate incidence, clinical presentation, angiographic findings, and clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with All hospitals with catherization laboratories in Lombardy were contacted to collect cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent an urgent coronary angiogram because of STEMI between February 20, 2020 (date of first COVID-19 case in Lombardy) and March 30, 2020. Our findings provide relevant evidence showing that, although all patients had a typical STEMI presentation, angiography demonstrated the absence of a culprit lesion in 39.3% of cases, therefore excluding a type 1 myocardial infarction. A recent document from the American College of Cardiology's Interventional Council and the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention discusses how to guarantee state-of-the-art treatment as well as the safety of healthcare providers involved in management of STEMI in the context of a COVID-19 outbreak. In approximately 40% of patients with COVID-19 with STEMI, a culprit lesion is not identifiable by coronary angiography. cache = ./cache/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325014-n7mnhk2v author = Gujski, Mariusz title = Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020 date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4892 sentences = 254 flesch = 49 summary = As the time window for a positive RT-PCR result is short, serological testing, which provides information about whether a person has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, may be useful for epidemiological purposes to detect the overall burden of previous infection in a given community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of current and past SARS-CoV-2 infections among police employees, a high-risk population due to their professional duties, during the COVID-19 epidemic. Neither sex (p =0.155) nor other variables listed in Figure 2 were significantly associated with the IgG results ( Figure 2 A logistic regression model predicting a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index was developed (Cox and Snell R Square at 0.015 andNagelkerke R Square at 0.033). After including all variables listed in Figures 1 and 2 along with the number of registered cases and deaths due to COVID-19 (per 10,000 inhabitants), only 4 variables showed a correlation with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index. cache = ./cache/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325021-rv5fsitx author = Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title = Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2695 sentences = 131 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While the demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU have been already extensively characterized by large reports from several parts of the word, little is still known about non-viral infectious complications such as bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI), that may participate in adversely influencing the outcome of any ICU-admitted patient 6, 7 . In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the incidence rate, cumulative risk, predictors, and survival of ICU-acquired BSI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to two ICUs in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, one of the most affected areas in Europe to date 8 . cache = ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324919-ciamusjs author = Scialo, Filippo title = ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5356 sentences = 257 flesch = 42 summary = Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, hypertension and diabetes have been correlated with higher risk of mortality, and initial reports speculated that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are commonly used therapeutic agents for these conditions, would up-regulate ACE2 expression, thus increasing the risk of severe illness [37] . Binding of S1 subunit of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor triggers the cleavage of ACE2 by ADAM17/tumor necrosis factorconverting enzyme (TACE) at the ectodomain sites [41] and a soluble form that retains its catalytic activity (sACE2) is produced [42] . ACE2 shedding can be stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and endotoxin [47] that could result in a positive effect reducing SARS-CoV-2 entry, but at the same time, may cause an increase in AngII and further activation of the AngII/AT1R axis worsening inflammation (discussed below) (Fig. 1) . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cache = ./cache/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325115-obquz9ve author = Naik, B Naveen title = Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 380 sentences = 31 flesch = 51 summary = title: Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring Facing the daunting outlook of COVID-19 pandemic surge, with limited ICU beds, resources and health care personnel, it is imperative to safely monitor and care for sickest patients. Utilization of remote technology to manage a deluge of critically ill COVID-19 patients may ease the burden on health care facilities and can stem the exposure of health care providers to COVID-19. High definition CCTV cameras were installed over each ICU bed for visualising patient mechanical ventilation and monitoring system round the clock (Fig. 1b) . In addition to this, we installed a remote mobile health monitoring system and server structure, where patient vital parameters such as temperature, SpO2, ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, etCO2 and respiratory rate can be visualized over smartphone from the off-site location (Fig. 1a) . Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing during COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers cache = ./cache/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325042-fp6pib7u author = Sheng, Lingshuang title = Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2307 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study We consider age, comorbidities, platelet count, albumin, D-dimer, LDH, CRP and IL-6 level might be more meaningful marks for COVID-19 prognostic evaluation. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of these cases and compare the differences between moderate and severe cases and between survived and death cases, respectively, so as to find some early warning clues for future clinical treatment. Age, leucocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, platelet, total protein, albumin, globulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) of all subjects were recorded as clinical characteristics for further analysis. Blood count analysis showed that the levels of leukocytes and neutrophils in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the moderate group (all P < 0.001). Therefore, we summarized the clinical characteristics of 232 COVID-19 patients and analyzed the differences between moderate and severe cases, survivors and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325001-5zd6fydo author = Sinkala, M. title = The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1964 sentences = 128 flesch = 59 summary = title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling To predict the spread of COVID-19 in Africa and within each country on the continent, we applied a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered mathematical model. Here, our results show that, overall, Africa is currently (May 29, 2020) at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, after which we predict the number of cases would begin to fall in June 2020. Overall, at the end of this pandemic, we predict that approximately 279,000 (about 154,000 future cases) individuals in Africa would have been infected with the COVID-19 virus. Here, we use the SIR model to predict the spread of the COVID-19 positive cases on the African continent as a whole and in 45 different countries on the continent. Supplementary File 1: Predict cases of COVID-19 using the SIR model for each day across each country in Africa. cache = ./cache/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325019-hznnoxw6 author = Benavides-Cordoba, Vicente title = Drug Repositioning for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2897 sentences = 165 flesch = 45 summary = In this review, we present a selection of drugs, of different classes and with potential activity against COVID-19, whose trials are ongoing; and as proofs of concept, double blind, add-on event-driven, would allow proposing research that generates results in less time and preserving quality criteria for drug development and approval by regulatory agencies. Likewise, when researching new molecules in humans, it is necessary to ask several questions that could improve the designs, and avoid some failures, such as, for example, did the drug hit the target?, did the medication change the target?, what was the dose response?, and what are the characteristics of the study patients?. Hydroxychloroquine, a chloroquine analog, is a medicine widely used in the treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases 35 , being currently the most studied drug for treating COVID-19. In COVID 19, 133 clinical trials are registered, taking different degrees of severity, ranging from prophylactic use in the general population and in health workers 38 to patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). cache = ./cache/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324993-hs66uf1u author = Adwibowo, A. title = Flattening the COVID 19 curve in susceptible forest indigenous tribes using SIR model date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3254 sentences = 220 flesch = 54 summary = Using the Susceptible Infectious Recovered (SIR) model, the spread of the COVID 19 under 3 intervention scenarios (low, moderate, high) is simulated and predicted in indigenous tribe populations. While, in the scenario of high intervention, the COVID 19 peaks can be reduced to values ranging from 53% to 15% .To conclude, the simulated interventions tested by SIR model have reduced the pandemic peak and flattened the COVID 19 curve in indigenous populations. The COVID 19 SIR model of indigenous tribe populations living in remote Yasuni rainforest enclaves with simulated 25% (low), 50% (moderate), and 75% (high) interventions (x axis: days, y axis: proportion of total population). 1101 The indigenous tribe populations and COVID 19 cases in Amazon rainforest enclaves including Lagartococha, Callarú, and Yasuni are presented in the Figure 2 . The proposed SIR model in this study simulates the widespread of COVID throughout indigenous tribe populations living in remote Lagartococha and Yasuni rainforests. cache = ./cache/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324857-ll3xmk3i author = Jenkins, Louis S. title = The evolving role of family physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis: An appreciative reflection date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1586 sentences = 96 flesch = 57 summary = Ten family physicians and family medicine registrars in a South African semi-rural training complex reflected on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis during their quarterly training complex meeting. Ten family physicians and family medicine registrars in a South African semi-rural training complex reflected on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis during their quarterly training complex meeting. The importance of preventative and promotive care in a community-oriented approach, being a capacity builder and leading the health team as a consultant have assumed new meanings. The importance of preventative and promotive care in a community-oriented approach, being a capacity builder and leading the health team as a consultant have assumed new meanings. The roles of the family physician in South Africa and the contribution to district health services have been well described. Figure 2 (left side) presents the 'traditional' model of how a family physician might exercise his or her roles during the COVID-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324856-hf969tav author = Abir, Tanvir title = Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4144 sentences = 221 flesch = 53 summary = title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys Since the sheer illness of the whole country is sufficient to destroy the health care system, this current study is to examine changes of individual perception of risk for contracting SARS-Cov-2, and the awareness level in Bangladesh during the early and late lockdowns implemented by the government of Bangladesh. In this study, males who were worried about contracting SARS-Cov-2 were more likely to perceive themselves as being at high risk of contracting the infection, as well as those who did not quarantine themselves or only did so at the request of the public health officers. Moreover, in India, it was found that a higher level of knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with the high-risk perception of contracting the infection during the consistent lockdown period [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325109-zi1qm589 author = Ara, Tasnim title = Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6019 sentences = 324 flesch = 50 summary = title: Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID19) in Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID19) in Bangladesh. This information includes whether they are following the social distancing rule; whether they or their family members, relatives, friends, or neighbors got infected by COVID-19; whether they are working from home/doing online classes; whether they have to go to the workplace during the lockdown; whether any of the family members including respondent have lost their job; exercise status, whether food consumption dominates the new normal life during the lockdown, daily internet usage, perception regarding the risk of getting infected by COVID-19, anxiety, sleeping schedule, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325026-k514rh8g author = Parlapani, Eleni title = Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7919 sentences = 420 flesch = 50 summary = The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). As a result, restriction measures deprived older adults of the opportunity to socialize with their peers, compromising psychological wellbeing by bringing on isolation, a condition posing a great risk for depression, anxiety (43) , as well as loneliness (10) . Taking available literature into account, the study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-19, that is, fear, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, on older individuals. The awareness that increased age is a risk factor for COVID-19related mortality, together with the restriction of family and social contacts due to quarantine measures, had a psychological impact on older adults during the pandemic (79) . cache = ./cache/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325077-j77wbcr3 author = Prado-Gascó, Vicente title = Stay at Home and Teach: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial Risks Between Spain and Mexico During the Pandemic date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8225 sentences = 374 flesch = 54 summary = Psychosocial risks arise from poor work design, organization, and management, as well as a poor social context of work, and they may result in negative psychological, physical, and social outcomes such as work-related stress, burnout, or depression (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020d). Considering that teachers are vulnerable to burnout and job stress (Zapf et al., 1999; Jennings and Greenberg, 2009; Kaur and Singh, 2014; Yerdelen et al., 2016; Travers, 2017; Makhdoom et al., 2019; Martínez-Monteagudo et al., 2019; McLean et al., 2019b; Schonfeld et al., 2019; Gu et al., 2020) , and therefore the negative consequences these can have on their health and professional performance (Bergh et al., 2018; Fornell et al., 2018; Junne et al., 2018; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020d) , it is essential to study how psychosocial risks affect this group at a time of such vulnerability and general demand as the present. cache = ./cache/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325197-j1uo8qmf author = Crimi, Ettore title = Epigenetic susceptibility to severe respiratory viral infections: pathogenic and therapeutic implications: a narrative review date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6066 sentences = 342 flesch = 34 summary = Viruses causing severe pulmonary illness can use epigenetic-regulated mechanisms during host–pathogen interaction to interfere with innate and adaptive immunity, adequacy of inflammatory response, and overall outcome of viral infections. In this article, we provide an update on epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms and repurposed drugs interfering with epigenetic pathways which may be clinically suitable for risk stratification and beneficial for treatment of patients affected by severe viral respiratory infections. The goal of the review was to provide an appropriate pathogenic scenario in which epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms and epidrugs may be clinically useful to stratify risk and treatment of patients in ICU affected by severe viral respiratory infections. Here, we give an update on clinical evidence about the usefulness of novel and FDA-approved drugs interfering with epigenetic pathways, which were applied to ICU patients affected by highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus and CoV, with a particular interest about the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325141-x3txhjkr author = Grech, Victor title = Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese Healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3681 sentences = 234 flesch = 54 summary = This study was carried out to ascertain Maltese healthcare workers' hesitancy to a novel COVID-19 vaccine and correlate this with influenza vaccine uptake. This study was carried out to ascertain Maltese healthcare workers' hesitancy to a novel COVID-19 vaccine and correlate this with influenza vaccine uptake. (9) This study was carried out in order to ascertain the degree of vaccine hesitancy in Maltese healthcare workers vis-à-vis a putative novel COVID-19 vaccine later this year, and correlate this with influenza vaccination uptake. The increased proportion of Maltese healthcare workers who plan to take the influenza vaccine this year when compared to last winter is probably due to increased awareness of respiratory viral illnesses in general in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportions of those who are likely/undecided/unlikely (half, quarter, quarter respectively) to take a COVID-19 are similar to rates reported in other countries.(10) The higher male inclination to take the vaccine may be due to a combination of factors which could include the innate male propensity for perceived risk taking in the face of a novel vaccine. cache = ./cache/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324859-0yuhb5dl author = Mulchandani, Rubina title = Deciphering the COVID‐19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6715 sentences = 343 flesch = 46 summary = In this context, we sought to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence to understand the pattern of host immune response in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and how the levels of inflammatory and immunological markers vary according to the severity or stage of the disease. To understand the pattern of host immune response and summarize evidence for the difference in the levels of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers associated with cytokine storm, between COVID-19 patient groups of varying disease severity. Studies measuring the immunological and inflammatory indicators of cytokine storm in adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and comparing them between severe and non-severe (mild-moderate) cases, were eligible to be included in our review. Outcomes included circulating levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and others depending on availability of estimates), tumour necrosis factor-alpha and T-lymphocyte counts (CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells) that have been widely reported in relation to the cytokine storm in patients having severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325152-ffmo67hm author = Siddiqui, Raheel S title = Onset of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1460 sentences = 79 flesch = 48 summary = Several cases of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented with severe hyperglycemia along with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic state during their acute phase of illness have been identified [3] . In our case, the patient remained mildly hyperglycemic during the course of his COVID-19 pneumonia; however, he presented with diabetic ketoacidosis six weeks after being discharged. In one study, three patients, who developed ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus immediately after documented viral infection with EBV or coxsackievirus and required insulin therapy on discharge, were followed for four to eight years; the first patient remained insulin-dependent throughout the life, the second one regained normal glucose tolerance, and the third one was being transitioned to oral antidiabetic medications [6] . Patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state during the acute phase of infection have been identified [3, 9] . We reported a case of a young male who developed full-blown ketosis-prone type II diabetes mellitus status post-SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery. cache = ./cache/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325226-8zrtjuwf author = Biswas, Raaj Kishore title = Underreporting COVID-19: the curious case of the Indian subcontinent date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2598 sentences = 120 flesch = 49 summary = In the meantime, academic studies started making inferences on the COVID-19 response effectiveness through comparing the disease prevalence and fatality rates between higher and lower income nations in order to investigate the curious case of low COVID-19 infection rates among the LMICs. Conducting research on LMICs with limited data could often lead to erroneous findings and biased interpretations, which is becoming a concern with the avalanche of studies published daily. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are among the worst 20 countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of total number of cases; however, they are ranked 138, 139 and 147, respectively, in tests per million population, as of 18 June 2020 [1] . This lack of testing capabilities during the early days accompanied by the limited protective gears for health personnel and low implementation capacity related to the response of such pandemics could have concealed the true rate of infection and disease spread in the LMICs of the ISC. cache = ./cache/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325231-hclp7br3 author = Patel, Zara M title = In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 751 sentences = 36 flesch = 49 summary = title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic The primary purpose of our Letter, 1 as the title suggests, was to alert the international readership of Neurosurgery that precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic were warranted. Despite the absence of direct knowledge by the authors of the Reply Letter, 4 we did confirm that the second case of COVID-19 transmission from a patient who underwent emergent transnasal surgery for pituitary apoplexy, as documented in our report, 1 did occur at a different hospital in Wuhan, where providers in the operating room became infected despite the use of N95 personal protective equipment (PPE). Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic In reply: precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325186-nq6ay4eo author = Sieswerda, Elske title = Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – An evidence based guideline date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 855 sentences = 65 flesch = 37 summary = SCOPE: The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy constituted a multidisciplinary expert committee to provide evidence-based recommendation for the use of antibacterial therapy in hospitalized adults with a respiratory infection and suspected or proven 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). QUESTIONS ADDRESSED BY THE GUIDELINE AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We assessed evidence on the risk of bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the associated bacterial pathogens, how to diagnose bacterial infections and how to treat bacterial infections. For patients with secondary bacterial respiratory infection we recommend to follow other guideline recommendations on antibacterial treatment for patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. An antibiotic treatment duration of five days in patients with COVID-19 and suspected bacterial respiratory infection is recommended upon improvement of signs, symptoms and inflammatory markers. As COVID-19 patients frequently 72 need prolonged hospitalization and respiratory support, unnecessary antibiotics upon 73 hospitalization may increase the individual risk of subsequent hospital-acquired pneumonia 74 (HAP) and other adverse events [12, 13] . cache = ./cache/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325129-faptufak author = Meini, Simone title = Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key? date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5501 sentences = 255 flesch = 38 summary = Autoactivation of FXII by contact with SARS-CoV-2 could lead to activation of intrinsic coagulation, with fibrin formation (microthrombosis), and fibrinolysis, resulting in increased D-dimer levels. In this review, we try to address the complex link between the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the different proteolytic defense systems operating in human vasculature, investigating the role of the mediators involved and speculating on the possibility of pharmacological modulation. After binding through its B2R, BK activates signaling pathways resulting in increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, edema formation, hypotension, pain, fever (14) : all typical clinical features of COVID-19. (79) hypothesized that a kinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1R and eventually B2R is an important feature of COVID-19 and proposed that blocking the B2R and inhibiting plasma KAL activity might be beneficial in early disease, preventing ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-325129-faptufak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325129-faptufak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325055-todb1d4x author = Rychter, Anna Maria title = Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19? date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3270 sentences = 217 flesch = 49 summary = Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more severe course of COVID‐19 infection. Although the data regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with obesity are limited and their association has not been fully defined yet, it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more serious COVID-19 infection. 68 Whether the obesity paradox will be present among COVID-19 patients remains to be seen, nevertheless, the phenomenon was reported among other respiratory diseases, such as COPD or ARDS. 53, 69 Its pathophysiological basis remains unknown; however, an increased BMI seems to be associated with a better survival and a slower decline in the lung function in patients with a mild course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325128-r53up0ug author = Diamantis, Sylvain title = SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the “confinement disease” is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 472 sentences = 39 flesch = 64 summary = title: SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the "confinement disease" is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself To date coronavirus SARS-cov-2 has infected 2.2 million people and has killed more than 5 150,000. The residents of long-7 term care facilities (LTCFs) typically combine those two features and are thus particularly at 8 risk. To date, more than 60% of the French LTCFs have 10 reported at least one case of COVID-19 among their residents. We intervened in one LTCF located in the Southern Île-de-France region that had registered 15 more than 24 deaths related to COVID-19 among the 140 residents in 5 days. Disproportionate mortality due to COVID-19 in LTCFs is not a fatality. Continuous provision 30 of pragmatic medicine and wellness care will limit the devastating impact of this infection in 31 dependent elderly people. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory 43 infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: Interim guidance V cache = ./cache/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325161-6ghu34m1 author = Michot, Jean-Marie title = Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 62 flesch = 41 summary = The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related to coronavirus involves a cytokine storm with high serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma, IL-1 and IL-12, and IL-8 [1] [2] [3] [4] . We report here the case of a patient with a respiratory failure linked to Covid-19 who had a rapid favorable outcome after two infusions of the anti-interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab. Clinical trials are also required to explore whether tocilizumab can be used effectively in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and to investigate at what stage of the disease this treatment could be the most appropriate. Here we report the first successful treatment of a patient with respiratory failure related to Covid-19 and treated with tocilizumab. We report the first observation of a patient with severe Covid-19-related lung disease successfully treated with anti-interleukin 6 receptor treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325274-krmr4d6h author = Vulliamy, Paul title = Acute aorto‐iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 667 sentences = 45 flesch = 42 summary = SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes.2,3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state, 1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes. 2, 3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. correspondence Chest radiology demonstrated diffuse bilateral consolidation and peripheral ground-glass opacification consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Fig 1A) . CT angiography revealed an acute thrombotic occlusion of the infrarenal aorta extending into the common iliac arteries (Fig 1B) . Chest imaging was indicative of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Fig 1C) . cache = ./cache/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325307-agaau27o author = Giavedoni, Priscila title = Skin Manifestations in COVID-19: Prevalence and Relationship with Disease Severity date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 241 flesch = 41 summary = Cutaneous lesions could be categorized into six patterns represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular (20.7%), Grover's disease and other papulo-vesicular eruptions (13.8%), livedo Reticularis (6.9%), Other eruptions (22.4%), Urticarial (6.9%), and CHilblain-like (29.3%). Patients with chilblain-like lesions exhibited a characteristic histology and were significantly younger and presented lower rates of systemic symptoms, radiological lung infiltrates and analytical abnormalities, and hospital and ICU admission compared to the rest of patients. These skin manifestations are represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular; Grover's disease and other papulo-vesicular; livedo Reticularis; Other eruptions; Urticarial; and CHilblain-like. Fourth, the detailed information on clinical manifestations other than cutaneous, radiological findings, analytical parameters, and particularly comprehensive histopathology data including immunofluorescence and IHC allowed us to better characterize the chilblain-like pattern as having largely specific features. Notably, patients with chilblain-like lesions have distinctive clinical and histological features and have less severe manifestations of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325173-2jw15w28 author = Zhang, K. title = Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3314 sentences = 251 flesch = 58 summary = title: Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study Design: We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore whether dyslipidemia, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were causally related to COVID-19 risk and severity. If the difference Q − Qʹ is sufficiently extreme with respect to a χ2 distribution with the 1 degree of 114 freedom, we indicated that directional pleiotropy is an important factor and MR-Egger model provides 115 a better fit than the IVW method 20 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This is the first study to characterize the potential causality of blood lipids for the susceptibility and 249 severity of COVID-19 using two-sample MR design rather than observational and perspective studies 250 based on conventional association analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325293-nwxtyrpl author = Akhtar, Hubba title = COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3502 sentences = 279 flesch = 56 summary = INTRODUCTION: To review published studies related to the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with pregnancy, foetal, and neonatal outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a systematic manner. This study was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method identifying published literature on COVID-19 and its potential impact on pregnancy and neonates. The comprehensive literature search was carried out with PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, using key MeSH words, which include "COVID-19," "Pregnancy," "Coronavirus 2019," "Newborn," "Foetus," "Neonate," "vertical transmission," and "outcomes." All published articles have been reviewed, and the findings have been included in this study. [6] Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia 9 10 (2 twins) Fever (8) Intrauterine distress (6) Shortness of breath (6) Infections (4) (3) PROM (3) Fever (2) NRDS (2) Sore throat (1) (3) Dyspnoea (1) Sore throat (1) NVD (1) Diarrhoea (1) Unknown as still pregnant (4) Yu et al. cache = ./cache/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325352-k7aapnx3 author = Manivel, Vijay title = CLUE: COVID‐19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department. date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1099 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a vital part of critical care evaluation of multiple lung pathologies, like pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary oedema, interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pneumonia (1) . Performance of LUS at bedside also allows concurrent execution of clinical examination and lung imaging by the same clinician, expedites clinical decision making (7) . While Australia and New Zealand prepare for a figurative tsunami of highly infectious patients, we anticipate that a protocolised use of bedside LUS by emergency clinicians in COVID-19 patients could alleviate some of the radiological resource burden expected. Page 5 of 7 CLUE protocol which incorporates lung ultrasound scoring system and supplemental oxygen requirement at the time of examination, when performed by a trained emergency clinician, can help risk-stratify suspected COVID-19 patients. Can lung ultrasound help critical care clinicians in the early diagnosis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia? cache = ./cache/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325319-4n2g87hx author = nan title = Read, use and cite date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1470 sentences = 109 flesch = 70 summary = are locations where research can be published without peer review and simply stay there to be read by the world. The work can subsequently be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and, even if the submission is rejected, the research can remain on the pre-print server. I suspect we will look back on these times and say that COVID-19 was when academic publishing changed. Thanks to the rush to be published during the pandemic, journals seem to be falling over each other to publish papers on COVID-19. The letter declared that both surgical and cotton masks were ineffective in preventing dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the coughs of patients with COVID-19, to the environment and external mask surface. Pre-print servers, which are not peer-reviewed, are dictating policy and may sometimes be the first port of call for those who wish to be updated on current research. cache = ./cache/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325313-yj25zkx6 author = Diao, Bo title = Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3730 sentences = 211 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the counts of total T cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cell subsets, and serum cytokine concentration from inpatient data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, admitted into two hospitals in Wuhan from December 2019 to January 2020, and 40 healthy controls, who came to the hospitals for routine physical examination. Our results thus provide a preliminary demonstration of T cell exhaustion during COVID-19 infection and suggest that more aggressive early intervention may be required in patients with low T lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that the percentage of PD-1 + CD8 + T cells from ICU patients was significantly higher than from both Non-ICU cases and healthy controls ( Figure 3B) , indicating that SARS-CoV-2 viruses induce T cell exhaustion in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those requiring ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325324-kh2aal5n author = Teng, Shaolei title = ACE2 Enhance Viral Infection or Viral Infection Aggravate the Underlying Diseases date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4403 sentences = 274 flesch = 53 summary = SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is cleaved by the human furin enzyme to generate S1, which binds to the host receptor, ACE-2. It is possible that the released free spike or the cleaved S1 protein in the blood might bind to cellular membrane ACE2 of heart, artery and alveolar lung cells to block the conversion of Angiotensin II to Ang-(1-7) and/or Angiotensin I to Ang-(1-9), which is consistent with a previous experimental result on SARS-CoV-1 (59) . Therefore, our hypothesis, as shown in the right side of Fig. 1 as "Viral aggravating existing diseases", is that comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are aggravated by the infection of SARS-CoV-2 to causes higher fatalities because the viral S protein interacts with ACE2 to inhibit ACE2 function. The claims that COVID-19 disproportionately affects the individuals of minority groups and aged people are not only supported by reported data but also by our hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection generates spike protein that interacts with ACE2 to either exhaust ACE2 or inhibit ACE2 function or both so that the comorbidities are aggravated (Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325235-uupiv7wh author = Makris, A. title = COVID-19 detection from chest X-Ray images using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5435 sentences = 304 flesch = 50 summary = In this research work the effectiveness of several state-of-the-art pre-trained convolutional neural networks was evaluated regarding the automatic detection of COVID-19 disease from chest X-Ray images. A collection of 336 X-Ray scans in total from patients with COVID-19 disease, bacterial pneumonia and normal incidents is processed and utilized to train and test the CNNs. Due to the limited available data related to COVID-19, the transfer learning strategy is employed. The proposed CNN is based on pre-trained transfer models (ResNet50, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2), in order to obtain high prediction accuracy from a small sample of X-ray images. Abbas et al [22] presented a novel CNN architecture based on transfer learning and class decomposition in order to improve the performance of pre-trained models on the classification of X-ray images. 22.20110817 doi: medRxiv preprint In this research work the effectiveness of several state-of-the-art pre-trained convolutional neural networks was evaluated regarding the detection of COVID-19 disease from chest X-Ray images. cache = ./cache/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325241-paztcjm2 author = Triki, Haitham title = Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1035 sentences = 62 flesch = 46 summary = During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, therapeutic strategies must be adapted for liver cancer patients balancing the benefit of surgical resection against the risk of contamination incurred by the patient. In addition, it has been found that lung injury (a common complication of COVID-19) is an independent risk factor for major morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy [5] . Hence, liver resections, especially major or complex hepatectomies, in COVID-19 patients could further deteriorate lung damage and complicate its management. Due to the risk of contamination by SARS-COV-2 before, during or after hospitalization, we believe that liver surgery for cancer should be postponed for patients at high risk of postoperative complications and severe COVID-19, including elderly patient with comorbidities and chronic liver disease. Therapeutic strategies must be adapted to this pandemic, balancing the benefit of liver cancer resection against the risk incurred by the patient during the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325315-m3do6t1j author = Rossi, Carlo Maria title = A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine: are these two partners in crime? date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 152 flesch = 45 summary = Given the activation of the immune system syndrome induced by the virus and the widespread off-label use of this drug, we suggest a careful monitoring of skin and mucous membranes in all COVID-19 positive patients treated with hydroxychloroquine in order to early detect early signs of toxicities. Another salient aspect of the case is the favorable evolution of the patient given that this type of SCAR is typically associated with a bad prognosis [35] [36] [37] , even more so because the patient displayed all the negative typical prognostic factors also for COVID-19 [38] [39] [40] [41] , indeed the calculation of the severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis (SCORTEN) in our patient led to an estimated mortality rate of 58.3% (CI 36,6 -77,59) ( Table 2 ) [42, 43] . cache = ./cache/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325435-b64ijw5o author = Reddy, Pavan Kumar title = Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 103 flesch = 55 summary = title: Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and diabetes mellitus is bidirectional. On the other hand, new onset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been observed in patients with COVID-19. In this report, we describe two patient with diabetes mellitus who presented to our hospital with DKA. RESULTS: First patient (30-year-male) had undiagnosed diabetes and no other comorbidities, and COVID-19 precipitated DKA. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was isolated from patients with this pneumonia [3] . According to a clinical report in China involving 1,099 confirmed COVID-19 patients, diabetes was the second most common comorbidity (16.2%) among severe 173 cases [14] . Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus cache = ./cache/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325391-tgli4k5i author = Perez, Tamra title = Conducting clinical research in the era of Covid-19 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1357 sentences = 85 flesch = 54 summary = Even now, investigators, industry sponsors, and institutional review boards/ethical committees (IRB/EC) struggle to maintain the safety of trial participants and researchers, while promoting the continuity of ongoing clinical studies. 6 The FDA, investigators, industry sponsors, and IRBs/ECs, among others, were required to act quickly to assess the status of ongoing studies and restructure research processes accordingly. 2 Industry sponsors are just now becoming aware that in order for research sites to begin to reopen their sites, COVID-19 testing may become a requirement for subjects as they are seen inperson for clinical visits as well as protocol-specified procedures. • Industry sponsors should be in contact with each investigative site to provide guidance on safety procedures to be continued such as labs or other vital status measurements. • In accordance with research informed consent requirements, investigators should maintain contact with trial subjects and keep them informed of protocol changes that could affect their participation (new information). cache = ./cache/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325421-1ysn0kyr author = Christensen, Johanna title = Covid-19 Viremia, Serologies and Clinical Course in a Case Series of Transplant Recipients date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2551 sentences = 169 flesch = 56 summary = In this preliminary report, we find that immunocompromised transplant patients had higher rates of RNAemia (67%) than reported in the general population (15%), seeming absence of allo-immune injury despite systemic inflammation and formation of IgG overtime after recovery from infection. 8, 9 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f In this first case series, we report the characteristics, inflammatory immune response, biomarkers of graft injury along with SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and serological response in a small cohort of kidney/liver transplant patients. Between, March 2020 and May 2020, six symptomatic kidney transplant recipients presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University hospital and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. While it is not yet established if J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f seroconversion confers immunity in the general population, 8, 9 the low re-infection rates and early reports of favorable efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients with severe COVID-19 manifestations [15] [16] [17] [18] suggest that this may be true. cache = ./cache/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325309-c9zuh7xs author = Stickley, A. title = COVID-19 preventive behaviors among people with anxiety and depression: Findings from Japan date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2012 sentences = 115 flesch = 48 summary = This study used cross-sectional online survey data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May, 2020, to examine the association between anxiety and depression and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that both anxiety and depression were associated with lower odds for engaging in preventive behaviors such as wearing a face mask and hand washing. Against this backdrop, the current study will examine the effects of anxiety and depression on COVID-19 preventive behaviors in a sample of the Japanese general population. This study used data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May 2020 to examine the association between mental health status and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Until now there has been little focus on the association between mental health and protective behaviors pertaining to the prevention of infectious disease although our results agree in part with those from a recent study from China, which showed that depressive symptoms may inhibit preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (Liu et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325476-38lg4a1u author = Rossman, Hagai title = A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2637 sentences = 118 flesch = 49 summary = Here we propose that daily population-wide surveys that assess the development of symptoms caused by the virus could serve as a strategic and valuable tool for identifying such clusters and informing epidemiologists, public-health officials and policymakers. We expect such data will allow the following: faster detection of spreading zones and patients; acquisition of a current snapshot of the number of people in each area who have developed symptoms; prediction of future spreading zones several days before an outbreak occurs; and evaluation of the effectiveness of the various social-distancing measures taken and their contribution to reducing the number of symptomatic people. Since then, Israel has gradually imposed several additional measures (Extended Data Fig. 1 ): on 9 March, the 14-day home isolation was extended to people arriving from anywhere of international origin, and those who were in close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19 were instructed similarly. cache = ./cache/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325436-pp3q022y author = Alkhatib, Ahmad title = Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7472 sentences = 340 flesch = 32 summary = This review presents key evidence on how functional foods and lifestyle approaches, including physical activity, effective for cardiometabolic disease prevention outcomes [9] , can also optimize the immune system response to viral infection, especially respiratory tract infections and COVID-19. Enhancing the antiviral immune defence can benefit from the functional food intake of a considerable variety of plant, animal, and fungi species, consumed across different diets and cultural practices including traditional herbal medicine such as teas, roots, mushrooms, and fermented plants and leaves; MD components such as olive-based products, oily fish, seeds, fruits, and vegetables; popular beverages such as coffee; and protein-rich foods such as chicken extract and soybean peptides. Below is a review of popular foods within various dietary patterns, including olive oil nutraceuticals, popular vitamins such as vitamin D, traditional medicinal herbs and roots, and protein peptides for preventing viral infections including COVID-19, especially when they are adopted as part of an active lifestyle. cache = ./cache/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325531-riftp8g6 author = Bhatta, Sabita title = New-Onset Seizure as the Only Presentation in a Child With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1631 sentences = 107 flesch = 49 summary = We present a child with a new-onset isolated afebrile seizure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite being generally mild in children, we have witnessed vague clinical pictures in COVID-19, ranging from asymptomatic in the mildest form to severe respiratory distress [2] . Here, we aim to report an uncommon neurological manifestation, isolated afebrile seizure, in a child with COVID-19. Description of isolated afebrile seizure in COVID-19 is scarce among children, and neurological manifestations have not been extensively studied [6] [7] . Our case highlights seizure as one of the uncommon, but potential presentations of COVID-19 in children. investigated preliminary COVID-19 findings and found one out of 10 infected children with seizures, while others presented predominantly with fever, cough, and diarrhea [10] . As new cases are unfolding each day, it is essential to recognize seizure as a potential COVID-19 presentation in the pediatric age groups. cache = ./cache/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325631-c7jwizpj author = Masetti, Chiara title = High mortality in COVID‐19 patients with mild respiratory disease date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 137 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In‐hospital mortality of patients with COVID‐19 presenting with mild symptoms is high and is associated with older age, platelet count and ferritin levels. For this reason, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients admitted to our Hospital with mild-moderate signs and symptoms of COVID-19 with the aim to identify predictive factors of in-hospital mortality. Inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of COVID-19 with documented pneumonia requiring hospitalization in a non-intensive care unit because of mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen, PaO2/FiO2 > 200), 15 without further signs or symptoms or organ dysfunction. Indeed, in other studies, platelet count has been validated as a biomarker associated with disease severity and mortality risk in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was in line with recent studies confirming low platelet count association with increased risk of severe disease, need of mechanical ventilation and mortality in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325565-cz9f65ca author = Heederik, Dick J.J. title = Go slow to go fast: A plea for sustained scientific rigor in air pollution research during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2060 sentences = 103 flesch = 48 summary = The second study used European data and, based on simple correlation analyses, associated long term (Jan-Feb 2020) exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the troposphere (resolution ~7*3.5km), assessed using satellite data, and absolute numbers of COVID-19-related deaths. [5] Positive associations were seen between levels of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide and increased COVID-19 mortality and reported number of cases, without adjustment for population size, age distribution or other confounding variables. In particular the two ecological studies which crudely correlate reported numbers of COVID-19 cases or mortality to regional air pollution levels ignored the time of introduction of COVID-19 in the different areas, did not take into account disease dynamics in any way, and ignored basic epidemiologic principles by using inadequate measures of disease frequency. The effect of air pollution on disease prognosis can be studied using more conventional approaches after COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325512-eehp4uh9 author = Li, Yiwei title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2069 sentences = 149 flesch = 45 summary = title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis This systemic review and meta-analysis summaries the latest evidence from available data and determine the hematological abnormality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and potential efficacy on the outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan V.5.3 program and Stata V.12.0 software after 2 reviewers independently selected literature, data extraction, bias risk evaluation and study quality assessment. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis may help provide clarify on the effect of cytopenia in patients with COVID-19. This study will be conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols 2015 guidelines and the protocol has been registering in the PROSPERO database (Registration number: CRD42020187524) on 22 May 2020. The process of study selection is illustrated following a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (Fig. 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325593-ww2vq3n4 author = Hendren, Nicholas S. title = Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1298 sentences = 71 flesch = 35 summary = However, to our knowledge, a framework describing the variable presentations of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 within the broader spectrum of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been previously proposed. First, the prevalence of mixed cardiopulmonary disease as assessed by elevated cardiac troponin levels, is variable, but occurs in 10-25% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 3, 4 . ACovCS with cardiac predominate disease may be more apparent at hospital presentation relative to mixed cardiopulmonary disease because the predominate cardiac manifestations (e.g. chest pain due to a myocardial infarction) often results in symptoms which lead patients to seek emergent care. Just as there is variability in cardiac presentations of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection overall has a wide spectrum of disease penetrance with many patients displaying few to no symptoms, while an unfortunate minority develop severe life limiting disease. Other factors which may influence the variable presentation of COVID-19 include mutations in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 virus though it remains uncertain whether such observations explain the regional differences in the outcomes of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325558-xpr54hvo author = Cral, Wilson Gustavo title = COVID-19 and oral radiology date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 642 sentences = 39 flesch = 47 summary = Dear Editors, The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on people's quality of life and the practice of health professionals have been the subject of many studies aiming to establish protective procedures in hospital and clinical practice environments. In dentistry, more specifically in the oral radiology field, certain procedures must be strictly followed when performing radiographic techniques to reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Patients and their companions should always wear masks, protective aprons, and shoe protectors in the clinical setting, and should be carefully asked about previous risk exposure (i.e., travel and contact with possible infected persons) and whether they have experienced any symptoms in the last 14 days. 1 Although aerosol-generating procedures are not performed in oral radiology, contact with the patient's oral cavity may result in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325460-4fhegc0z author = Jacobs, Werner title = Fatal lymphocytic cardiac damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): autopsy reveals a ferroptosis signature date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3977 sentences = 241 flesch = 39 summary = Immunohistochemical staining with E06, a monoclonal antibody binding to oxidized phosphatidylcholine (reflecting lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis), was positive in morphologically degenerating and necrotic cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infiltrate of lymphocytes, near arteries, in the epicardium and myocardium. We examined the patient's myocardial tissue for markers of ferroptosis, an iron-catalysed form of regulated cell death that occurs through excessive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is also proposed to detrimentally contribute to some forms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, stroke, and degenerative diseases. Renal tissue from the COVID-19 patient with myocarditis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome showed morphological signs of acute tubular necrosis, intratubular oxalate crystals, as well as E06 positivity in proximal tubuli (A). By comparison, in the case of sudden death due to myocarditis of other aetiology, immunohistochemical staining with E06 (B) and anti-4-HNE antibody (D) in the renal tissue showed no presence of these ferroptosis markers (non-specific staining in the corticomedullary junction is also present on control stains). cache = ./cache/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325448-rvamjcmx author = Bianco, F. title = Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 404 sentences = 33 flesch = 45 summary = title: Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen revealed the classic features of COVID-19 pneumonia as well as air fluid levels in the small bowel with associated mesenteric edema and peritoneal free fluid (Figs. The patient had an emergency laparotomy with evidence of segmental small bowel ischemia (Fig. 3a, b) . Ethical approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325645-rvj4b26t author = Dumas, Tara M. title = What Does Adolescent Substance Use Look Like During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Changes in Frequency, Social Contexts, and Pandemic-Related Predictors date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5071 sentences = 270 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: Canadian adolescents (n = 1,054, M(age) = 16.68, standard deviation = .78) completed an online survey, in which they reported on their frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, and vaping in the 3 weeks before and directly after social distancing practices had taken effect. Concerns for how social distancing would affect peer reputation was a significant predictor of face-to-face substance use with friends among adolescents with low self-reported popularity, and a significant predictor of solitary substance use among average and high popularity teens. H2: Most adolescents who use substances during the COVID-19 crisis will do so within a peer context (i.e., face-to-face or using technology) as opposed to a solitary context; H3: Adolescents higher in self-reported popularity will be more likely to engage in peer substance use during the COVID-19 crisis, especially when they feel greater concern for how social distancing will affect their reputation; cache = ./cache/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325449-fl6ob5ja author = Wang, Jing title = COVID-19 and diabetes: the contributions of hyperglycemia date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3424 sentences = 164 flesch = 42 summary = Thus, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, poor-controlled blood glucose in diabetes patients may promote macrophage inflammation and antigen presentation impairment in DCs, resulting in a great increase in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from immune cells and ultimately cytokine storm and increased mortality (Figure 1) . The exact mechanisms linking diabetes and COVID-19 remain to be further elucidated, but available clinical/laboratory observations suggest that hyperglycemia-induced immune dysfunction, cytokines storm, and elevated lactate levels may play critical roles in the severity of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing diabetes. A large body of evidence shows that hyperglycemia or diabetes may impair immune response mediated by macrophages, monocytes, and DCs, weaken T-cell function, and promote cytokine storm, ultimately resulting in increased susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated mortality. Hyperglycemia may also increase lactate production via HIF-1α, which suppresses the innate immune RLR signaling by targeting MAVS, leading to delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and thus severe outcomes in diabetes patients with COVID-19, including ARDS, septic shock, and MODS. cache = ./cache/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325755-n7vjjw9r author = Rai, Deependra Kumar title = Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis- Is it real threat? date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2520 sentences = 140 flesch = 49 summary = This review addressed underlying mechanism, Risk factors, course of disease and treatment option for post covid pulmonary fibrosis. One of the risk factors for the development of lung fibrosis in COVID-19 is advanced age and this finding is same as in MERS and SARS-CoV. The follow-up of 36 MERS patients for average 43 days showed that lung fibrosis developed in a significant number of convalescents, and risk was found highest with patient who were elderly, hospitalised with severe disease in ICU 19 . Nintedanib use associated with increase the risk of bleeding as most of the covid 19 patient are on anticoagulant Evidence is also coming for use of pirfenidone, azithromycin and prednisolone in the management of pulmonary fibrosis post-H1N1 ARDS, based on data from a case report of three patients 25 . Elderly patient, severe disease who require ICU care and mechanical ventilation are highest risk to develop lung fibrosis cache = ./cache/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325553-ilx9j89c author = Bakhoum, M. F. title = Subclinical ocular inflammation in persons recovered from ambulatory COVID-19 date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1130 sentences = 79 flesch = 52 summary = Our results provide quasi-histologic evidence that neuroinflammation is present in persons who recovered from COVID-19, only one of whom required hospitalization. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect the presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect the presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. Our results provide quasihistologic evidence that neuroinflammation is present in persons who recovered from COVID-19, only one of whom required hospitalization. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to image individual cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20128140 doi: medRxiv preprint from COVID-19 may be complicated by post-viral inflammation, and full symptomatic recovery may not occur until weeks after a positive test result, even in younger individuals [7, 8] . cache = ./cache/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325453-5eskj42c author = Haider, Najmul title = The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5704 sentences = 276 flesch = 52 summary = Higher risk of importation of COVID-19 from China for a given country was negatively correlated with the time taken to detect the first case in that country (adjusted R(2) = 0.63–0.66), while the GHSI and JEE had minimal predictive value. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilised to assess the amount of variation in either the time to detection of the first case that can be explained by the GHSI and JEE score and the importation risk among countries reporting cases by 20th February 2020. Our study further confirms that the health preparedness indices used either in the GHSI or JEE had low predictive value in terms of (i) number of cases detected in the country until 20th February 2020 when most cases were imported from China and (ii) mortality outcome (deaths/million) until either 11th March or 1st July 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325784-zs1qmfjy author = Sher, Leo title = Are COVID-19 survivors at increased risk for suicide? date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 564 sentences = 44 flesch = 43 summary = Psychological factors that may increase suicide risk among COVID-19 patients include learning about their diagnosis, anxiety, and distress related to symptoms of the disease and stress related to hospitalisation and hospital treatment. Individuals who needed an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) are at especially high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, sleep abnormalities, and cognitive impairments (McGiffin et al., 2016) . A recent study in China indicated that 96.2% of recovering COVID-19 patients had significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (Bo et al., 2020) . A recent review of the effect of COVID-19 on the central nervous system indicates that neurological manifestations are present in about 25% of the patients (Asadi-Pooya & Simani, 2020). Neurological conditions including ischaemic stroke and headache are associated with increased suicide risk (Hudzik & Marek, 2014) . Many coronavirus disease survivors will need long-term psychological interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325729-2c7btqpl author = Larrouquere, Louis title = Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2298 sentences = 131 flesch = 53 summary = On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, http://https%20%5Ch://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population's concerns regarding COVID‐19 and drug use and to counter fake news. The same day as the second presidential television broadcast, the SFPT's scientific council had met (at 3 p.m.) and decided to create a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website within 24 hours, https://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 [1] to inform on the proper use of drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population's concerns regarding COVID-19 and drug use and to counter fake news. cache = ./cache/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325649-zzhsrytw author = Rispoli, Rossella title = Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2780 sentences = 140 flesch = 50 summary = By the time of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the novel coronavirus as a global pandemic (1) , many hospitals in northern Italy were already overcrowded by COVID-19 patients, especially intensive care units, where about 50% of all available ICU beds were occupied by COVID-19 patients ( 2 ) . These include postponing elective surgical procedures until a more appropriate time, putting in place strategies to ensure urgent/emergency operations during the pandemic, defining type of hospital and the assistance pathways, designating COVID-19 operating rooms for urgent procedures with guidance information posted conspicuously to all the professionals, ensuring systematic and correct use of appropriate PPE, controlling and limiting the number of patients' visitors, developing support strategies for healthcare professionals, and treating outpatients through telemedicine (teleorientation, telemonitoring, and teleinterconsultation) (5) . cache = ./cache/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325669-6kjlcakt author = Fogacci, Silvia title = Management of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in patients infected with SARS CoV-2: pharmacological and clinical issues date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3373 sentences = 186 flesch = 38 summary = The purpose of the current review is to highlight the safety of drug treatment for COVID -19 in pregnant women treated with anti-hypertensive medications. In accordance with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of CV diseases during pregnancy, 100-150 mg/day acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) should be recommended to pregnant women with a high or moderate risk to develop pre-eclampsia (class I; level of evidence A) [17] . In accordance with the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations [25] , methyldopa should only be prescribed in cases of severe hypertension during pregnancy, considering potential maternal and fetal side effects (class I; level of evidence A). In accordance with the latest ESC guidelines for the management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, drug-drug interactions should be considered before administering azithromycin in patients treated with LMWH [37] , despite possible beneficial effects by azithromycin in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [48] . cache = ./cache/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325778-y5miy24f author = Quigley, Ashley L. title = Estimating the Burden of COVID-19 on the Australian Healthcare Workers and Health System date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2954 sentences = 178 flesch = 56 summary = We aimed to estimate the burden of COVID-19 on Australia healthcare workers and the health system by obtaining and organizing data on HCW infections, analyzing national HCW cases in regards to occupational risk and analyzing healthcare outbreak. METHODS: We searched government reports and websites and media reports to create a comprehensive line listing of Australian healthcare worker infections and nosocomial outbreaks between January 25(th) and July 8(th), 2020. Many studies have also shown that hospitals not only present a high exposure setting for respiratory infections in HCW 17, 18 but that presenteeism is a key risk factor in disease transmission and extension of an outbreak 19 . Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission cache = ./cache/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325559-di8lljoi author = Cappello, Francesco title = Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5204 sentences = 298 flesch = 44 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced disease (COVID-19) is a planetary emergency that is urging many research groups to redirect their efforts and to channel their experience towards understanding its pathogenesis. These human epitopes, in turn, can be recognized by circulating antibodies made against crossreactive microbial antigens; these antibodies behave like autoantibodies, causing the destruction of the stressed cells, representing a typical example of pathology caused by molecular mimicry and manifested as autoimmunity [30] . We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. cache = ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325534-psv7v78z author = Sangalli, Davide title = A single-centre experience of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1361 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke, and the risk-benefit ratio of intravenous thrombolysis in COVID-19 positive patients is not well known. We describe four COVID-19 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke. In this communication, we describe our preliminary experience of a Stroke Hub in Lombardia (Italy) in treating COVID-19 patients with intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. The patient experienced an initial improvement of right hemiparesis, but a second brain CT scan showed a left frontotemporal and parietal ischaemic lesion complicated by haemorrhagic transformation. A 53-year-old man with a history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia developed acute left sensorimotor hemisyndrome: intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke was administered. Intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in a COVID-19 positive filipino patient, a case report cache = ./cache/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325793-5vrr7msw author = Lahiry, Anup K. title = Dermatosurgery Practice and Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by IADVL SIG Dermatosurgery (IADVL Academy) date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1926 sentences = 179 flesch = 61 summary = Telemedicine services could be offered, depending on the recommendations issued separately, irrespective of the COVID-19 infective status of the patients. Use of hand sanitizer and wet wipes (60-90% alcohol based) should be ensured and they should be made available at the entry, in the waiting area, washrooms and examination rooms. 5. If any patient with symptoms or possible COVID-19 exposure needs to be seen, use droplet precautions. The goal should be to provide timely surgical care to patients presenting with emergent conditions requiring dermatosurgical intervention; while at the same time, optimizing patient care resources (availability of health care staff, personal protective equipment, gloves, masks, etc.), preserving the health of caregivers and breaking the chain of transmission. A retrospective cohort analysis of 34 patients undergoing elective surgery during the incubation period of COVID-19, showed poor surgical outcomes. If possible, room for suspected COVID-19 patients should be different from those for other emergent surgical patients. cache = ./cache/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325619-qmszgw66 author = Ferrari, Andrea title = Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 974 sentences = 70 flesch = 47 summary = title: Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy In the days following the outbreak, the pediatric oncology centers in the region were suddenly faced with an unexpected emergency situation exceeding the capacity of Lombardia's health system 2 and had to urgently adjust accordingly: they continued to develop oncological treatments, while implementing measures to minimize the risks of infections, to test for COVID-19 high-risk cases and to adequately manage COVID-19-positive patients, 3 as reported in Table 1 . Overall, 286 patients were tested for COVID-19, 212 of them asymptomatic (187 tested for screening purposes and 25 due to close contact with diagnosed cases) and 74 symptomatic ( Table 2) . g) At specific pediatric centers, all patients accessing the facilities could be screened on admission for a limited time for research purposes. Flash survey on SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric patients on anti-cancer treatment cache = ./cache/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author = Lapidus, Nathanael title = Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4399 sentences = 202 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). In this study, we present a detailed examination of the timeline of the whole cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a devoted ICU of the Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University (ZHWU) in which we investigated the evolution of the ALOS estimation according to the accumulation of the cases, using two methods of estimation. The study also recalls that appropriate methods of estimation require the inclusion of censored cases in the analysis, and we also demonstrate the important bias associated with calculations only based on the stays of already discharged patients. cache = ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325794-lir8ht2i author = Kinar, Y. title = Predicting individual risk for COVID19 complications using EMR data date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3215 sentences = 227 flesch = 56 summary = the use of an existing EMR-based model for predicting complications due to influenza combined with available epidemiological data to create a model that identifies individuals at high risk to develop complications due to COVID-19 and b. The available dataset for COVID-based model included a total 2137 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals who were either not hospitalized (n=1658), or hospitalized and marked as mild (n=332), or as having moderate (n=83) or severe (n=64) complications. Here, we describe two approaches and tools to assess the individual risk of developing COVID-19 complications based on medical records: a model developed by combining a machinelearning approach for influenza-like illness (ILI) to be used as a proxy model for COVID-19 and a second model using data on COVID-19 patients. As an initial prior we used the information based on COVID-19 mortality available from China [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-age-sex-demographics/] as proxy for complications probabilities (appendix table 1). cache = ./cache/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author = Kanekar, Amar title = COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2917 sentences = 135 flesch = 44 summary = Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have provided some guidelines to reduce stress and initiate coping [9] , the need of the hour seems to be planning and having resources and techniques for long-term mental health flourishing and better emotional health management. Although there is enough evidence-based literature on the application of positive mental health techniques at individual level for stress reduction or life fulfillment, its application in a pandemic scenario is minimally explored [17, 18] . There are several determinants of positive mental health such as hardiness, sense of coherence, social support, optimism, and self-esteem [36] that are important in the context of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325833-gn4ftbzo author = Lepre, Luca title = Acute care surgery and post‐operative COVID‐19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 813 sentences = 62 flesch = 50 summary = 3, 4 A report from Iran about peri-operative impact of COVID-19 in patients undergoing elective benign surgery showed a high fatality rate. 5 Emergency departments continue to take care of patients with acute diseases, some of those requiring urgent surgery. Starting from post-operative day (POD) 3, temperature >38 was detected without any other symptom. The fever persisted and at POD 14 thoracic CT scan detected bilateral consolidations mainly at the inferior lobes, with interstitial pattern, as showed in Figure 3 , suggestive for COVID-19 infection. This report highlights the possibility of COVID-19 infection during the post-operative course of patients admitted for emergency surgical procedures. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Thoracic computed tomography scan at post-operative day 14 showing bilateral interstitial pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325901-gucnce1f author = Juanjuan, Li title = Patient reported outcomes of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in the epicenter of China: A cross sectional survey study date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 181 flesch = 50 summary = All the enrolled patients signed digital informed consent before accessing to the questionnaire online, consisting of a series of questions including demographic characteristics, clinical features of breast cancer, current treatment and patient reported outcomes using four validated psychological assessment scales. Patients with Wuhan exposure, poor general condition by self-identification, treatment discontinuation, and had metastatic breast cancer were more likely to report experiencing severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and distress (Table 3, Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients with Wuhan exposure (P=0.014), poor general condition by self-identification (P=0.008), less than 4 months after BC diagnosis (P=0.003), aggressive BC molecular subtypes (P=0.014), treatment discontinuation (P=0.003), CVC flushing delay exceeding 4 weeks (P=0.032), and close contact with COVID-19 patient (P=0.006) were more likely to report moderate and severe anxiety symptoms (Supplementary Figure 2A Figure 3B ). cache = ./cache/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325896-vbwo2djw author = Dirlikov, Emilio title = CDC Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 Emergency Public Health Response — United States, January 21–July 25, 2020 date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 134 flesch = 34 summary = During January 21-July 25, in response to official requests for assistance, 1,009 CDC staff members participated in 208 CDC deployment teams to assist 55 state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments with COVID-19 emergency public health response activities (Figure 1)*; some persons deployed multiple times. Location of deployments* by CDC staff members to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments -United States, January 21-July 25, 2020 and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in high-risk congregate settings, which often include populations at increased risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes, such as longterm care facilities (53 teams; 26%), food processing facilities (24 teams; 12%), correctional facilities (12; 6%), and settings that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness (10; 5%). CDC continues to respond to official requests for assistance from state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments toward supporting COVID-19 emergency public health response activities, including through the deployment of CDC staff members. cache = ./cache/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325628-pa3dkz2f author = Wang, Jinsong title = Strategy for treating vascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1199 sentences = 77 flesch = 46 summary = Clinicians treating COVID-19 patients face considerable danger of occupational exposure due to the highly infectious nature of the virus and precautions must be taken to prevent medical staff infections. The IPCP is to reinforce 13 and ensure the protection of medical personnel, the implementation of preoperative evaluations 14 and preventive measures, the use of protective strategies for patients pre-and postoperatively, 15 the use of isolated operating rooms, and the rehearsal of these procedures. To avoid cross-infections and prevent further spread of the epidemic, elective and nonurgent Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients with unstable vital signs caused by vascular 12 emergencies should be resuscitated in an isolated area. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.Diagnosis and treatment 17 plan of COVID-19 pneumonia (trial version 7) 2020 National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China.WST 367-2012,Medical 1 institution disinfection technical specifications cache = ./cache/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325862-rohhvq4h author = Zhang, Yong title = Applicability of time fractional derivative models for simulating the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5899 sentences = 259 flesch = 47 summary = The model results revealed that 1) the transmission, infection and recovery dynamics follow the integral-order SEIR model with significant spatiotemporal variations in the recovery rate, likely due to the continuous improvement of screening techniques and public hospital systems, as well as full city lockdowns in China, and 2) the evolution of number of deaths follows the time FDE, likely due to the time memory in the death toll. The main contributions of this work, therefore, include 1) the first application of FDEs in modeling the evolution of the COVID-19 death toll, 2) an updated SEIR model with a transient recovery rate to better capture the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic within China and for other countries, and 3) a particle-tracking approach based on stochastic bimolecular reaction theory to evaluate the mitigation of the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325788-63jkyx6g author = Haddad, Chadia title = Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5162 sentences = 249 flesch = 50 summary = Higher anxiety, higher fear of COVID-19, higher BMI, practicing physical exercise, and a higher number of adults living in the quarantine/confinement were significantly associated with higher shape and weight concerns. A sample of 407 participants, divided into two groups, one from the general population and the other selected among people attending dietitian clinics, were recruited to study the impact of quarantine and confinement stressors and eating behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. When taking the shape and weight concern scales as the dependent variable, the results showed that higher shape and weight concern scores were significantly associated with the female gender, higher anxiety, greater fear of COVID-19, a higher number of adults living together in the quarantine/confinement, higher BMI, and physical activity. Using a cross-sectional questionnaire-based design does not allow to confirm that merely the fear of COVID-19 caused more restraint eating, weight, and shape concerns; a longitudinal study would better assess the association of the quarantine/confinement on eating disorders. cache = ./cache/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325971-volbaipv author = Neupane, Karun title = Potential Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Pharmacological Development Efforts date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 141 flesch = 45 summary = Several drugs are being tested in the trials, and the United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has given Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients on May 1, 2020 [5] . Therapeutic remdesivir treatment in MERS-CoV inoculated rhesus macaques resulted in the reduction in clinical signs, virus replication, and the absence of lung lesions in 2/6 remdesivirtreated animals along with the reduction in lesion severity in three additional animals. In a randomized controlled clinical trial of 1063 patients conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), remdesivir has shown the efficacy in the early results against advanced COVID-19 (NCT04280705). In a retrospective observational study involving twenty patients with severe or critical COVID-19, treatment with tocilizumab in addition to lopinavir, methylprednisolone, other symptom relievers, and oxygen therapy, resulted in body temperature of all the patients returning to normal on the first day of receiving tocilizumab and significant relief of clinical symptoms synchronously in the following days. cache = ./cache/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326029-oya0fc6d author = Fuentenebro, Pablo title = Will philanthropy save us all? Rethinking urban philanthropy in a time of crisis date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3781 sentences = 142 flesch = 54 summary = In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, billionaires, celebrities and philanthropy at large were quick to react, organising local and international campaigns to mobilise funds and put the spotlight on a global health issue that, as we would only come to realize much later, most governments outside Asia were too slow to react to: from the initial $125 million donated by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to the $14.5 million by Jack Ma -former CEO and founder of e-commerce portal Ali Baba-to the $1 billion pledged by Twitter CEO and cofounder Jack Dorsey, the list of donations, pledges and commitments made by the super-rich read almost like Forbes' Top 25 billionaires list. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, while it would be hard to deny that philanthropy has supported or, at times, filled in a vacuum left by local (and even) national governments -providing resources and funds to cities and community-based organizations-often times the ways in which such engagements and partnerships have been articulated has raised a number of questions on the role of philanthropy in urban governance (Sandler, 2020; Teachout and Garofalo, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326010-8f891ocp author = Wang, Yibin title = Using “old” medications to fight new COVID-19: Re-purposing with a purpose date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 754 sentences = 36 flesch = 39 summary = Despite the unprecedented efforts and rapid scientific progress in the discovery of the cellular and molecular details for the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as a result of SARS-COV2 infection, there are still no specific new therapies that have been approved to either prevent or treat COVID19 in clinics [1, 2] . In recent retrospective studies led by a consortium of investigators based on a large clinical cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hubei, China, one class of medicine originally used for blood pressure management (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blockers) [7] , and another class of medication originally prescribed for hyperlipidemia (statins) [8] , were analyzed for their association with COVID-19 related death and other secondary outcome. After extensive adjustment and matching for major clinical risk profiles, statistical analyses showed both ACEi/ARB and statins were found to be associated with a significant reduction in death and adverse outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326051-p9017jx8 author = Lopes, Agnaldo José title = Comparison Between Lung Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Findings in Patients With COVID‐19 Pneumonia date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4699 sentences = 216 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe findings from lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT) in health professionals with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and to evaluate the associations of the findings of both tests. METHODS: This cross‐sectional observational study evaluated 45 health professionals who were initially seen in screening tents and had a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 as confirmed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and lung involvement diagnosed by LUS. 4 Some chest imaging modalities, including lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT), have gained prominence in evaluating lung involvement in COVID-19 in patients with respiratory manifestations. 15, 16 In this study, the following were the main findings: In health professionals with COVID-19 pneumonia, LUS was a very sensitive test for the detection of lung lesions; almost 20% of our cases involved normal CT results despite changes on LUS. cache = ./cache/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326089-8234mcdk author = Sweid, Ahmad title = Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 560 sentences = 39 flesch = 47 summary = title: Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network The precipitous decrease in AIS admissions and telestroke consults may be a consequence of patients not reporting neurological manifestations due to the fear of contracting the virus by visiting the Emergency Room. Such outcomes are consistent with previous reports by the World Stroke Organization (50%-70% decline in AIS admission) and the cardiology experience from the USA (38% decrease in cardiac catheterization lab STEMI activations). 1, 2 The higher incidence of COVID-19 patients in the overall stroke group can be supported by recent theories that systemic COVID-19 may contribute to a hyper-thrombotic state and increase the risk of AIS. Of the 6 COVID-19 patients, 4 had tandem occlusions or multiple arterial occlusions (67%) compared to historic controls in our stroke series of 15%. Stroke care and the COVID19 pandemic words from our President. cache = ./cache/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325956-1kxxg0s9 author = Potluri, Rahul title = Making sense of the Global Coronavirus Data: The role of testing rates in understanding the pandemic and our exit strategy date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3967 sentences = 217 flesch = 62 summary = We analysed the number of diagnostic tests performed in proportion to the number of cases and subsequently deaths across different countries and projected pandemic outcomes. Country wise population level pandemic projections were extrapolated utilising three models 1) inherent case per test and death per test rates at the time of obtaining the data (4/4/2020 0900 BST) for each country; 2) rates adjusted according to the countries who conducted at least 100000 tests and 3) rates adjusted according to South Korea. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20054239 doi: medRxiv preprint Discussion COVID-19 statistics are complex and comparing different countries based on number of total cases, deaths and/or case fatality rate does not show the complete picture (Table 1) . In our analyses we showed the deaths and cases in relation to the number of tests performed and presented population level pandemic projections based on these. cache = ./cache/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326058-x40l8ljx author = Thompson, H. A. title = The projected impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal: A modelling study date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4693 sentences = 228 flesch = 49 summary = We calibrate a dynamical model of COVID-19 transmission to these data to investigate the potential impact of different mitigation and suppression strategies on mortality and health system capacity and explore possible future trajectories of the still nascent epidemic in Senegal. If contact rates can be reduced by 60% compared to pre-epidemic levels (representing an additional 40% reduction on top of the average estimate from control measures to date) then the short term increases in cases would be much less rapid. In Scenario 5, given the current limited ICU capacity, suppression would need to be triggered at low incidence (six new cases requiring ICU care, sensitivity analysis to the trigger choice is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S5 ), and combined with enhanced suppression periods with a 75% reduction in contacts, to keep both general hospital and critical care services within capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325948-wszd7pq4 author = Bhasin, Ajay title = Is BMI higher in younger patients with COVID‐19? Association between BMI and COVID‐19 hospitalization by age date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 103 flesch = 58 summary = We were interested in understanding whether patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages, and if trends were independent of diabetes and hypertension. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) lists severe obesity [Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40kg/m 2 ] as a risk factor for COVID-19. Recent studies suggest obesity is a risk factor for hospitalization of patients younger than 60 years with COVID-19 . 3 No studies have evaluated BMI as a function of age while controlling for DM and hypertension for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We were interested in understanding whether patients hospitalized with COVID-19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages, and among subgroups with and without DM and hypertension. In this cross-sectional study, patients less than 50 years old hospitalized with COVID-19 had significantly higher mean BMI and were more likely to have a higher class of obesity than patients over 50 years of age. cache = ./cache/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326023-vwukiwe4 author = Leung, Char title = Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: a review of clinical data in China date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2686 sentences = 141 flesch = 51 summary = Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Given that elderly only accounted for a small proportion of the total Chinese population and that clinical studies based on a single hospital are less likely informative, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources reported by the media and Chinese health authorities. While the lower prevalence of fever in deceased patients was surprising, a study of 913 patients (75% of them aged 65 or above) with bacterial infection found that lower body temperature was associated with increased risk for mortality 14 . A recent study reviewing the clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted to Hainan General Hospital found significant difference in the prevalence of fever between young and middle-aged, and elderly patients 15 . cache = ./cache/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325933-1qvpofvp author = Samrah, Shaher M title = Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3504 sentences = 197 flesch = 47 summary = Although variable degrees of fear, anxiety, anger, and depression are suspected to be observed in COVID-19-infected population during their quarantine, most studies in the literature focused on the psychosocial disturbances among health-care providers and potential contacts of COVID-19 patients. Data indicated high rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD), and substance use disorders among health-care workers dealing with COVID-19 patients. To date, this is the first study that aims to evaluate depression, various stressors, and associated factors and coping mechanisms among individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection during their obligatory and prolonged in-hospital quarantine. 12, 19, 20 This study demonstrates that symptoms of depression were commonly reported among hospitalized COVID-19 patients during their mandatory quarantine, regardless of the severity of their illness. Symptoms of depression were commonly reported among COVID-19 patients during their in-hospital obligatory Receiving the support of family, friends, and medical staff was an essential alleviating factor, and connecting with them was the most preferred coping method. cache = ./cache/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325799-v1egyqt4 author = Sher, Leo title = The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3000 sentences = 204 flesch = 50 summary = Studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with distress, anxiety, fear of contagion, depression, and insomnia in the general population and among health care professionals. Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, uncertainty, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of depressive, anxiety, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders in vulnerable populations including individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders and people who reside in high COVID-19 prevalence areas. Suicidal behavior in the COVID-19 era Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, uncertainty, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of stress-related disorders and suicidality in vulnerable populations including individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders, low-resilient persons, individuals who reside in high COVID-19 prevalence areas, and people who have a family member or a friend who has died of COVID-19 (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326017-qw4qynqv author = Laskar, Partha title = “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14797 sentences = 760 flesch = 42 summary = Considering this, we have summarized diverse research areas covering the current known biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tools for detection, therapeutic measurements for possible treatment, and prevention techniques to stop further spreading of this pandemic. Considering this, we have summarized diverse research areas covering the current known biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tools for detection, therapeutic measurements for possible treatment, and prevention techniques to stop further spreading of this pandemic. Overall, real-time RT-PCR based method enables developing a high-throughput testing for rapid, on-demand, low-cost, reliable, quantitative detection technique against COVID-19 in clinical settings [39] . Another newly developed method, SARS-CoV-2 DNA Endonuclease-Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR), was found to perform simultaneous reverse transcription and isothermal amplification by (i) RT-LAMP for RNA extracted (for nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs), (ii) Cas12 detection of predefined coronavirus sequences, and (iii) cleavage of a reporter molecule confirms, which detects the virus [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326113-r5a7qoks author = Mellis, Alexandra M. title = COVID-19-related treatment service disruptions among people with single- and polysubstance use concerns date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1594 sentences = 90 flesch = 51 summary = Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their loved ones are facing rapid changes to treatment and support services due to COVID-19. Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their families are facing rapid changes to SUD treatment and recovery support services, including mutual aid groups, due to COVID-19. Given that polysubstance use may be an indicator of higher-risk substance-use behavior, we examined J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof diminished access to treatment and recovery support services among individuals who reported using both single and multiple substances. We queries participants regarding the substances they or their family members used (alcohol, stimulants, opioids, nicotine, marijuana, sedatives, and other), and whether anything about their SUD recovery and treatment access had changed due to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325988-of3exw6a author = Salman, Muhammad title = Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2542 sentences = 152 flesch = 53 summary = title: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of two Pakistani university populations. CONCLUSION: Pakistani university students and employees have good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, but unsatisfactory preventive practices. As there is no vaccine or approved cure for COVID-19, it is of immense importance that the public have good knowledge about the individual measures (physical distancing, proper hand hygiene, use of a face mask and respiratory etiquette) that will serve as the first line of defense against this disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of COVID-19 among Pakistani university students and employees. Pakistani university students and employees have satisfactory knowledge and attitudes to COVID-19, however their preventive practices related to the disease are inadequate. cache = ./cache/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325726-65xxevp3 author = Patel, Piyush title = Role of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Application COVID-19 Scenario: INDIA Case study date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5033 sentences = 308 flesch = 49 summary = PPE refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, surgical masks, respirators, and other equipment designed to prevent wearer exposure to infection or illness in this COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Institute of Technology Madras-bolstered new businesses has created PPE, such as face shields (Fig. 5 )from 3D Printers just as generally accessible materials besides to protect healthcare professionals fighting COVID-19 [83, 84] . 3D printing shortens lead times during product development, brings down creation expenses, and engages designers and manufacturers to face more challenges with new 3D printed drone structures that give new expected applications to the innovation [150] . With restrictions on up close and personal clinical meetings in the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties looked by medical care frameworks in conveying patient care, innovations like telemedicine and smartphone are playing a key role [156] [157] [158] . How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment cache = ./cache/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325966-0g7a9s5z author = Shih, Hsin-I. title = Fighting COVID-19: a quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7324 sentences = 365 flesch = 39 summary = Some candidate drugs targeting different levels and stages of human responses against COVID-19 such as cell membrane fusion, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, viral protease inhibitor, interleukin 6 blocker, and convalescent plasma may improve the clinical outcomes of critical COVID-19 patients. However, these clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings are nonspecific and cannot differentiate COVID-19 from other viral respiratory infections; viral diagnostic methods specific for SARS-CoV-2 should be applied for disease confirmation. An open-label study published in 2004 suggested, by comparison with a control group that received only ribavirin, that the addition of lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg, respectively) to ribavirin reduced the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (acute respiratory distress syndrome or death) and viral load among patients with SARS [29] . Some available candidate drugs targeting different levels of human responses to COVID-19, such as cell membrane fusion, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, viral protease inhibitor, IL-6 blocker and convalescent plasma, may improve the clinical outcomes of critical COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326154-01es0zv4 author = Aggarwal, Gaurav title = Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2305 sentences = 127 flesch = 42 summary = Moreover, a decreased potassium level has also been reported in patients with COVID-19, which can cause electrocardiographic changes like prolonged QT interval and may increase the risk of adverse reactions with pharmacotherapies. The drugs of highest interest to-date include chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) alone or in combination with azithromycin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha-2b 3 . A large meta-analysis of 33 randomized and observational studies found azithromycin use to be associated with higher risk of cardiovascular death but not with all-cause death 19 . If this drug does show therapeutic efficacy in treatment of COVID-19, then ongoing surveillance would be needed to study its potential cardiovascular adverse effects. The patients who have underlying cardiovascular disease or those who develop cardiac dysfunction during infection with COVID-19 are at higher risk of mortality. Though cumulative dose effects impact toxicity, conduction defects, prolongation of QTc interval, cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease have been shown to occur with use of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, interferon-alpha and lopinavir/ritonavir therapies. cache = ./cache/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326150-cf4rlqe5 author = Carrascosa, J M title = Manifestaciones cutáneas en el contexto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2443 sentences = 233 flesch = 51 summary = Desde el punto de vista patogénico, la respuesta inmune desencadenada frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede resultar en efectos deletéreos, como la disfunción de las células endoteliales y la activación de las vías de la coagulación, que podrían explicar las complicaciones cardiovasculares y trombóticas que afectan a un subgrupo de pacientes. Desde el punto de vista histológico, en el conjunto de exantemas J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f En el estudio histológico de lesiones purpúricas cutáneas se ha encontrado la presencia de una vasculopatía trombogénica pauciinflamatoria, con depósito de C5b-9 y C4d , con localización de partículas virales, lo que ha permitido proponer la existencia de un síndrome de lesión microvascular catastrófica mediada por la activación del complemento 6 . De este modo, no puede descartarse que las lesiones acrales, descritas como características por su coincidencia epidemiológica más que por pruebas microbiológicas en la mayoría de los casos, puedan no tener que ver directamente con la COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325869-3mvjc805 author = Silvestris, Nicola title = A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave? date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2464 sentences = 119 flesch = 44 summary = In particular, we believe that the main road to elaborate meaningful scientific evidence is represented by the collection of all the data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity that are and will become available in cancer centers, coupled with the design of large clinical studies. 3) Absence, to date, of effective medical remedies, such as anti-viral treatments or vaccines capable of protecting the general population from an infection which, as in the pandemics of the past, is not only affecting healthcare but causing the worst economic and social crisis after the Second World War. Importantly, several studies are evaluating the role of sound therapeutic approaches, including tocilizumab (an IL-6 inhibitor and a potential supportive treatment for the severe respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19), convalescent plasma therapy, and the antiviral remdesivir, which has recently received emergency approval by the US Food and Drug Administration. cache = ./cache/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326081-9gh6tj7g author = Jaiswal, A. K. title = COVIDPEN: A Novel COVID-19 Detection Model using Chest X-Rays and CT Scans date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4966 sentences = 290 flesch = 53 summary = To tackle this problem, we propose~COVIDPEN~-~a transfer learning approach on Pruned EfficientNet-based model for the detection of COVID-19 cases. [1] suggested a deep neural network-driven model for prediction of Covid-19 which is termed as Covid-Net trained on the dataset COVIDx. The architecture built on a PEPX design pattern was first pre-trained on ImageNet and also utilized data augmentation. In this paper, we consider a task of identifying COVID-19 disease which is a binary classification, where the input to COVIDPEN is a chest X-ray or CTs image I x and the model outputs a binary label P y ∈ {positive, negative} delineating whether the coronavirus prediction is positive or negative. In this work, a deep neural network-based classifier is proposed i.e., COVIDPEN to diagnose COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases from chest radiographs and chest X-ray datasets. Covid-19: automatic detection from x-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks cache = ./cache/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326189-41t2sshy author = García-Colón, Ismael title = The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3527 sentences = 171 flesch = 51 summary = If the supply of local workers available to work under the wage and conditions set forth by growers and government officials was insufficient, the US Department of Labor certified the use of guestworkers. The argument from many government officials, growers, and labor advocates is that the need for guestworkers derives from the fact that only small numbers of local workers have applied for agricultural jobs, as most of the local population is unwilling to work under arduous agricultural labor conditions characterized by long hours and low wages (Thompson 2020) . Large agribusiness interests and their allied government officials continue to promote policies facilitating labor control and guestworker programs because of their reliance on deportable, low-wage, and immigrant workers. Agricultural businesses expect 200,000 seasonal guest farmworkers from Mexico and Central America to enter the USA with H-2A visas (Leslie 2020 When government officials and growers talk of labor shortages, they are signaling their inability to attract domestic workers who would settle for low wages and still earn enough to sustain their families. cache = ./cache/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326272-ya3r0h1t author = Dobesh, Paul P. title = Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8597 sentences = 528 flesch = 46 summary = 30 Other trials have evaluated VTE rates in CUS screened ICU patients with COVID-19 receiving pharmacologic prophylaxis with rates as high as 69% to 85%, which are higher than reported in typical ICU patients (Table 3) . Most hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are over age 40 years and have a number of risk factors for VTE, such as pneumonia, obesity, immobility, respiratory disease, elevated D-dimer levels, as well as potentially underlying heart failure, smoking, varicose veins, cancer, and previous VTE. 82 An observational cohort study of critically ill patients with severe ARDS from H1N1 viral pneumonia demonstrated that empiric systemic heparinization titrated to a goal heparin level of 0.3 -0.7 anti-Xa units/mL was significantly better at reducing VTE rates than standard prophylactic doses of either UFH or LMWH. 32 As discussed previously, a number of observational studies have reported higher than expected rates of VTE in critically ill patients with COVID-19, despite the use of standard dose anticoagulant prophylaxis. cache = ./cache/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326148-9wpxm5of author = Van Walle, I. title = Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3790 sentences = 218 flesch = 49 summary = title: Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, viral antigen and antibody tests based on 94739 test results from 157 published studies and 20205 new test results from 12 EU/EEA Member States. Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width [≤]5%, we found 4 nucleic acid tests, among which 1 point of care test, and 3 antibody tests with a clinical sensitivity [≤]95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Study heterogeneity was low for 8/14 (57.1%) sensitivity and 68/84 (81.0%) specificity results with confidence interval width [≤]5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Studies containing potentially usable data on clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests were first extracted from systematic reviews on this topic. cache = ./cache/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325938-hb6fvgem author = Dobler, Claudia C. title = Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 140 flesch = 42 summary = Amid increasing concerns of medical professionals about the harms associated with invasive ventilation, there is interest to explore the role of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to In this commentary we aim to summarize what is known about the role of NIPPV in patients with AHRF and ARDS due to COVID-19 and other viral infections, point out evidence gaps and make a case for consideration of NIPVV as a possible alternative to early intubation in patients with COVID-19. Severity of respiratory failure and outcome of patients needing a ventilatory support in the Emergency Department during Italian novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 outbreak: Preliminary data on the role of Helmet CPAP and Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation cache = ./cache/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326355-oyspjx20 author = Auðardóttir, Auður Magndís title = Chaos ruined the children’s sleep, diet and behaviour: Gendered discourses on family life in pandemic times date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6871 sentences = 389 flesch = 60 summary = Despite affordable day care, women's participation in the workforce being the norm and policies emphasizing fathers' involvement, Icelandic mothers are still expected to shoulder the main responsibility for childcare (Júlíusdóttir, Rafnsdóttir, & Einarsdóttir, 2018; Símonardóttir, 2016) . A survey on the gendered division of childcare in Iceland during the COVID-19 semi-lockdown showed that 42 per cent of women who work for the state or a municipality stayed at home with their children whereas only 30 per cent of men did so (BSRB -The Federation of State and Municipal Employees, 2020). Several participants felt the need to emphasize how responsible parents prioritize the needs of the children above the needs of paid work, particularly in the stories about Anna. We see stories where happiness is found once the parents, mostly the mothers, fight off the demands of neoliberal parenthood to redefine what is a good and worthy life. cache = ./cache/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326085-2dt758qj author = Patanavanich, Roengrudee title = Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2234 sentences = 135 flesch = 56 summary = Studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease were selected for the final analysis. We conducted a systematic search using PubMed on April 28, 2020, with the search term: ((smoking) OR (characteristics) OR (risk factors) OR (outcomes) OR (smoker*)) AND ((COVID-19) OR (COVID) OR (coronavirus) OR (sars cov-2) OR (sars cov 2)) for studies published between January 1, 2020 and April 28, 2020. A total of 907 studies were retrieved through the search, of which 19, 8-26 16 from China, 1 from Korea, and 2 from the United States, included data on smoking behavior and COVID-19 disease progression (Supplementary Table S1 ). Three peer-reviewed meta-analysis papers 6, 34, 35 on association between smoking and COVID-19 were also based on unadjusted ORs, but with fewer studies included. Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients cache = ./cache/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326173-3x435v6q author = Beck, Matthew J. title = Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11515 sentences = 433 flesch = 55 summary = We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Likewise, the Google Community Mobility Report (Google 2020) presented in Figure 4 (which aggregates data across Australia and compares to the median value for the corresponding day of the week during the 5-week period Jan 3-Feb 6, 2020 as a baseline) shows a sustained increase in time spent at work, retail and recreation, and parks, while time at home has slowly diminished. Given the anecdotal evidence in new media sources about increased use of active travel modes (Abano 2020, Landis-Hanley 2020) and greater use of public spaces for exercise and recreation (O'Sullivan 2020), questions were included in Wave 2 around whether or not respondents had felt they had increased or decreased use of different modes in the previous week, and how they were planning to change their use as restrictions were eased. cache = ./cache/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326331-g4o3forj author = Rai, Ansaar T title = Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 195 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published its guidance on the 'Conduct Of Clinical Trials Of Medical Products During COVID19 Pandemic' for the industry, investigators, and institutional review boards in March 2020 and updated these on April 2, 2020 (https://www. These were identified by the writing group and fell into four categories: general disruption caused by trial suspensions and missed opportunities of enrollment, compromised trial quality due to inability of timely clinical and imaging follow-up, inability to enroll neurologically debilitated patients because legally authorized representatives were not at hand for face to face consent and dated remote consent procedures did not apply and, finally, personal effect of compensation or working conditions on study staff. cache = ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326220-uosjmht0 author = Gaskell, Jen title = Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5776 sentences = 254 flesch = 50 summary = Having established a framework for thinking about the causes of governance failure, we need to establish some assessment of the performance of different systems in the unfolding of the Covid-19 crisis during the first half of 2020. The government also benefitted from the collaborative approach taken by the opposition, with Social Democratic Party (SPD) member of parliament Ricardo Baptista Leite observing: 'We're no longer dealing with the Socialist government; we are dealing with the government of Portugal', further noting 'We are having very candid but supportive meetings to present constructive criticism and also solutions through back channels, showing a sense of unity for the national interest.' 11 In Denmark, Prime Minister Metter Fredriksen delivered her lockdown address to the nation on 11 March when the country had around 500 recorded cases, closing schools against the recommendation of its health authorities. cache = ./cache/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326169-delehk6x author = CJ Jorgensen, Sarah title = Baricitinib: A review of pharmacology, safety and emerging clinical experience in COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2704 sentences = 180 flesch = 44 summary = The lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor patients' immune status as illness evolves complicates deployment of immunosuppressive drugs like baricitinib. In this article we review available data on baricitinib with an emphasis on immunosuppressive and antiviral pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety and current progress in COVID‐19 clinical trials. In population PK analyses, body weight did not have a clinically meaningful 250 impact on baricitinib clearance, however obese RA patients have been reported to have lower 251 response rates. Thrombocytosis Accepted Article 499 treatment strategies aimed at attenuating both pathogen virulence and the pro-inflammatory 500 phenotype seen in the many critically ill patients with COVID-19. 5, 9, 12, 13, 20, 56 As detailed in this 501 review, baricitinib pairs immunosuppressive properties with antiviral activity making it a logical 502 candidate for further evaluation in COVID-19 clinical trials . Baricitinib therapy in 626 COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact Impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated 662 inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326210-216atclj author = Sturmberg, Joachim P. title = COVID‐19 – how a pandemic reveals that everything is connected to everything else date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2758 sentences = 161 flesch = 50 summary = Each of these approaches has its own dynamics affecting individuals, communities, health systems, the economy, and the nation as a whole-new patterns emerge that become understandable with increasing knowledge (Figure 1 ). The emerging dynamics then shift the system to a new-stable or unstable-state, where the relationships and the interactions between the systems' agents have permanently changed within the context of a different set of constraints. For example, imposing community-wide (self-) isolation entails that "almost all activities stop", destroying the economy and resulting in high unemployment, poverty, and increasing disease burden, while implementing strategies to slow down the spread of infection will not guarantee that we will not overwhelm health systems or stabilize the pandemic. The detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, besides that of the disease fears, increases the dysregulation of the physiological stress responses that, in turn, result in the dysregulation of upstream metabolic pathways, which have longterm health consequences far beyond the direct effects of the pandemic to such a degree that the agents at other levels cannot do the work that needs to be done. cache = ./cache/cord-326210-216atclj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326210-216atclj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326400-yl3pisxt author = Bansal, Devanshu title = Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 515 sentences = 38 flesch = 49 summary = title: Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic Benign urologic conditions can be divided into three categories (Table 1) , and may have significant detrimental effect on quality of life of patients. While scheduling surgeries, a tiered system as proposed by us may be followed, so that patients who have been postponed once are able to get the required care (Table 1 ). Once planned for surgery, every patient should be screened for symptoms and tested for COVID-19. During surgery, all internationally recommended precautions should be followed. Effect of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmic practice and patient care in India: results of a survey Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach. cache = ./cache/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326393-gxy1w0qk author = Martino, Marcello Di title = CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4243 sentences = 399 flesch = 52 summary = title: CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD Desde que se produjeron los primeros casos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) a finales de diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan (China), el crecimiento exponencial de esta enfermedad ha llevado a una pandemia, declarada como tal por la Organización Mundial de la Sanidad (OMS) el 11 de marzo J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 2020 (1, 2) . Se analizaron la edad, sexo, estado funcional definido según la escala ECOG (21), antecedentes personales, diagnóstico, tipo de intervención quirúrgica, momento en que se confirmó la infección por SARS-CoV-2, el tratamiento requerido para la misma (Tabla 1), la gravedad de la infección respiratoria según la BRCSS (20) y las complicaciones postoperatorias según la clasificación de Dindo-Clavien (19) . cache = ./cache/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326413-rhvsdpyk author = Nuzzolese, Emilio title = Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2316 sentences = 104 flesch = 45 summary = Abstract Unidentified human remains with unknown medical history can always pose biological hazards to forensic pathologists and odontologists, including hepatitis C, HIV infection, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, meningitis and now Sars-Cov2. This short report provides specific recommendations to forensic odontologists in terms of biosafety and infection control practices during the post mortem dental data collection of unidentified human remains without any known medical history data. Forensic odontologists and dental hygienists involved in autoptic procedures of unidentified human remains infected with COVID-19 must be well trained in infection prevention control practices and for the task of managing the dead in challenging circumstances [12, 14] . Forensic odontologists and dental hygienists involved in autoptic procedures of infectious human remains should always be well trained in infection prevention control practices and management of the dead in challenging circumstances. cache = ./cache/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326427-06djb0sd author = Cao, Dongmei title = Vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19: report of two cases date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2582 sentences = 148 flesch = 52 summary = Because of the positive result of the maternal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 obtained on the 2nd day after sampling, we transferred the mother to the designated hospital and followed up with her by telephone interviews. Although the nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 of the second patient was negative on February 29, the result was positive Delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin contact between the mother and infant were not permitted in either case. The pregnant woman in case 2 had the typical manifestations of COVID-19, including cough, lymphopenia, and abnormal chest CT images, and her infant's nasopharyngeal swab tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The two cases in our study showed that there is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetal vertical transmission of COVID-19 in late pregnancy, and there is no evidence that vaginal delivery would increase the possibility of neonatal infection. In conclusion, there is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetus vertical transmission of COVID-19 for pregnant women in late pregnancy, and vaginal delivery may not increase the possibility of neonatal infection. cache = ./cache/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326339-46imi33v author = Tang, A. C. Y. title = Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6878 sentences = 402 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusions: The predictive model constructed in this study is the first one to explore factors associating with the compliance to infection control measures in healthcare students amid the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings suggest that students who are male, habituate in Hong Kong, have more clinical experience and weak confidence to manage the threat tend to have lower compliance to social distancing and personal hygiene measures. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress, coping responses, and adherence to COVID-19 ICPs in Chinese healthcare students using path analysis. Participants completed selfadministered online questionnaires that collected data on demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress level, use of wishful thinking, and empathetic responding and adherence to social distancing and personal hygiene measures in response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326369-ur67a7jv author = Kokane, P. P. title = Understanding the Incidence of Covid-19 among the police force in Maharashtra through a mixed approach date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4558 sentences = 264 flesch = 56 summary = Abstract Background: The study tries to understand the incidence of COVID-19 among police officials along with the challenges they face and their preparedness during the pandemic response in Maharashtra. Since a significant proportion of cases are related to occupational exposure, these at-risk groups which include the local police personnel should be given adequate social and mental health support (19) . We analyzed the trends of daily reported confirmed, active, recovered, and death cases in lockdown phases-wise in Maharashtra for the general population and the police professionals. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20125104 doi: medRxiv preprint people continued their daily life routine irrespective of government orders, the movement of people increased and resulted in increased duty time and higher exposure to the infection among police force in Maharashtra. (2020) reported that 28% of respondents have symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population during this period (26) while in our study, 50% of police personnel are mentally disturbed due to fear of COVID-19 and faces challenges at the workplace. cache = ./cache/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326354-fhafg41x author = Pesavento, Raffaele title = The hazard of (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants in non‐critically ill patients with Covid‐19: the Padua province experience date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2835 sentences = 136 flesch = 40 summary = As available information on the benefit/risk profile of this approach is still lacking, we retrieved information from a broad Accepted Article number of consecutive patients with non-critical COVID-19 who had been admitted to two medical wards and had been prescribed variable doses of antithrombotic drugs according to the physicians' perception of the thromboembolic risk. The increasing awareness that low-dose anticoagulants may be ineffective for prevention of thrombotic complications in the course of COVID-19, including the development of micro-thrombosis in the lung vessels, has induced several clinicians to consider the use of sub-therapeutic or even therapeutic doses of antithrombotic agents in all admitted patients, challenging their hemorrhagic potential [13, 30] . Not surprisingly, the incidence of major or clinically relevant bleeding complications occurring during hospitalization was remarkably higher in patients treated with (sub)therapeutic than in those receiving preventive doses of antithrombotic drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326171-xr2ufvyv author = Bhoori, Sherrie title = COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 837 sentences = 47 flesch = 50 summary = 1 Italy has witnessed, in the past month, an unexpectedly high rate of infection, with more than 100 000 patients testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a case-fatality rate close to 10% (as of March 31, 2020) 2 and therefore faces a worse scenario than in China, where the disease was first reported. A case series from Italy showed that children who had received liver transplants, despite being immunosuppressed, were not at increased risk of severe pulmonary disease compared with the general population. Post-transplant metabolic complications (eg, arterial hyper tension, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and weight gain) might outweigh immuno suppression as a risk factor for development of severe COVID-19 disease in patients who have received liver transplants, in line with data from China, which suggest that comorbidities are associated with a worse prognosis. cache = ./cache/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326185-gjte739i author = Mukherjee, Pratik title = Adaptability and responsiveness: keys to operational measures in a regional hospital radiology department during the current COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6154 sentences = 294 flesch = 50 summary = Since confirmation of the first COVID-19 imported case in Singapore on 23 January 2020, there has been a gradual increase in numbers of infected patients, mostly from imports and within small local clusters, in the first 2 months or so, that is February and March 2020. From the outbreak onset, measures were taken to keep all potential COVID-19 cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) separate from the "cold" patients and HCWs, in order to prevent cross-infection. Multiple factors contributed to the situation: (a) additional workload of screening chest radiographs in the ED (ESW and ARW), as well as the isolation wards; (b) increased time required to perform cross-sectional imaging on COVID-19 positive or suspected cases due to additional infection control measures; (c) less available workforce due to segregation strategies to protect staff providing essential services and redeployment of staff to other areas of need; both within our hospital and at other institutions, for example, NCID and (d) limited hospital beds. cache = ./cache/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326406-n0qi6gs8 author = Creed, Marina title = Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1801 sentences = 111 flesch = 48 summary = title: Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. Here, we report a 59-year-old woman with aquaporin-4-positive (AQPR4+) neuromyelitis Optica treated with rituximab who developed mild respiratory symptoms with COVID-19, despite B cell depletion at the time of infection. To infect the host, SARS-CoV-2 uses the viral receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are membrane associated proteins expressed in many cells throughout the body, particularly the respiratory system 2 . Most cases are mild, but in a number of patients, the disease evolves into an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 3 or a dysregulated immune system state leading to cytokine storm, most often in older adults, requiring intensive care and resulting in increased mortality 4 . Here, we describe an AQPR4+ NMOSD patient treated with rituximab who developed mild COVID-19 infection despite B cell depletion. cache = ./cache/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326421-ng1uhwgs author = Zalesky, C. Christopher title = Emergency Medicine Physician Work Environments During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1059 sentences = 67 flesch = 53 summary = 1, 2 To better understand these conditions and their effects, we surveyed a nationwide cross-section of Emergency Medicine (EM) attending and resident physicians. We obtained a convenience sample of United States (US) EM physicians via the Emergency Medicine Residents' Association email distribution list [AQ: How many email addresses are on this list]?. The survey included questions covering four topics: demographics, workplace environment, COVID-19 exposure, and a validated instrument on burnout and professional wellbeing -the Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI). We report several key differences in measures for respondents practicing in self-reported COVID-19 "hotspots." Not surprisingly, a greater proportion of physicians in hotspots had rationed medical resources compared with non-hotspot respondents (82% vs. Our survey suggests that a concerning proportion of emergency physicians have rationed medications, critical interventions, and basic PPE during the pandemic. This data is the result of a cross-sectional survey of emergency medicine physicians using the Emergency Medicine Resident's Association (EMRA) email distribution list. cache = ./cache/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326509-1cpybatu author = Varkey, Rittu S. title = Socioeconomic determinants of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: An empirical analysis date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4348 sentences = 224 flesch = 52 summary = The countries having larger net migration and poverty ratio need to evolve comprehensive and inclusive strategies for testing, tracing, and massive awareness for sanitary practices, social distancing, and following government regulation for management of COVID-19, besides appropriate food security measures and free provision of sanitary kits for vulnerable section. The virus being a contagious one has managed to spread insanely to other countries in no time and after leading to the death of at least 213 people in China itself and with almost 10,000 cases nationally (BBC news, January 31, 2020), the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12, 2020, declared the novel coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic. Besides people's participation, there are several other socioeconomic factors which may strongly determine the number of COVID-19 registered cases and therefore there is an urgent need to study and identify the same mainly in Asian countries for the aforementioned reasons. cache = ./cache/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326348-3zc62lin author = Bachtiger, P. title = Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4204 sentences = 221 flesch = 53 summary = title: Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients Objectives: To measure the determinants of willingness to participate in an NHS app-based contact tracing programme using a questionnaire within the Care Information Exchange (CIE) the largest patient-facing electronic health record in the NHS. Methods: Observational study of 47,708 registered NHS users of the CIE, 27% of whom completed a novel questionnaire asking about willingness to participate in app-based contact tracing, understanding of government advice, mental and physical wellbeing and their healthcare utilisation -related or not to COVID-19. Given this marginal level of support over an appropriate age range, the impacts of difficulty comprehending government advice and a policy of not testing to confirm self-reported COVID-19 infection during lockdown indicate that uncertainty in communication and diagnosis in adopted public health policies will negatively impact the effectiveness of a government contact tracing app. cache = ./cache/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326498-8oa5gkrp author = Gemmati, Donato title = COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9876 sentences = 474 flesch = 40 summary = Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Therefore, proper ACE2 functionality is essential for both virus cell entry and local pulmonary homeostasis, and although it has been previously described that polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene do not affect the outcome of SARS [43] , females might have a higher degree of heterodimer assembling than males, which in turn might show different affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor. Therefore, proper ACE2 functionality is essential for both virus cell entry and local pulmonary homeostasis, and although it has been previously described that polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene do not affect the outcome of SARS [43] , females might have a higher degree of heterodimer assembling than males, which in turn might show different affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor. cache = ./cache/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326532-2ehuuvnx author = Götzinger, Florian title = COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5321 sentences = 282 flesch = 46 summary = This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). For this cohort study, European members of the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)-which currently includes 304 clinicians and researchers, most of whom are based at tertiary or quaternary paediatric infectious diseases or paediatric pulmonology units, across 128 paediatric health-care institutions in 31 European countries [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] -were invited to contribute cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that had been managed at or managed remotely by their health-care institution (including individuals admitted to other hospitals or identified during community screening) before or during the study period. cache = ./cache/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326565-s62inw07 author = Shacham, E. title = Association of County-Wide Mask Ordinances with Reductions in Daily CoVID-19 Incident Case Growth in a Midwestern Region Over 12 Weeks date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1925 sentences = 105 flesch = 52 summary = Importance: This study assessed the longitudinal impact of new COVID-19 cases when a mask ordinance was implemented in 2 of a 5-county Midwestern U.S. metropolitan region over a 3-month period of time. The average daily percent growth in incident COVID-19 cases was similar between M+ and Mcounties in the 3 weeks prior to implementation of mandatory mask policies (0.90% [sd 0.68] vs. Crude modeling with a difference-in-difference indicator showed that after 3 weeks of mask mandate implementation, M+ counties had a daily percent COVID-19 growth rate that was 1.32 times lower, or a 32% decrease. 1 Mask wearing has transitioned to a politically nuanced behavior, and this has been particularly true in the region surrounding the Midwestern city of St. Louis, providing a natural experiment to understand the longitudinal impact of a variable mask mandate policies has on county-level changes in incident CoVID-19 rates over a 12-week period. cache = ./cache/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326526-evms6810 author = nan title = Practice Notes from the AAAI date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1414 sentences = 95 flesch = 63 summary = Visit the AAAAI COVID-19 resources page regularly for updated information to help you and your practice navigate the quickly changing situation and to access the aforementioned resources. 99441 e [Telephone evaluation and management service by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional who may report evaluation and management services provided to an established patient, parent, or guardian not originating from a related E/M service provided within the previous seven days nor leading to an E/M service or procedure within the next 24 hours or soonest available appointment; Five-10 minutes of medical discussion.] 99442 e 11-20 minutes 99443 e 21 minutes or more If you have a coding question of your own, send it to coding@ aaaai.org. The authors of all posters, oral abstract presentations, and case reports originally scheduled for the 2020 AAAAI Annual Meeting were invited to submit their work to be featured in the Virtual Poster Hall.* The posters and oral abstracts are displayed based on their slotting in the Annual Meeting program. cache = ./cache/cord-326526-evms6810.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326526-evms6810.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326468-xcy7v1tf author = Mehta, R. M. title = A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3696 sentences = 223 flesch = 54 summary = title: A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing of remdesivir initiation (symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment [SORT] interval) on in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval on clinical outcomes in the subsets of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This study primarily evaluated the association between SORT interval and clinical outcomes in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and other relevant clinical endpoints, such as overall all-cause mortality, LOHS, and safety in remdesivir-treated patients. The importance of early remdesivir initiation (SORT interval ≤9 days) in our study with a clear outcome benefit indicates an impact of the medication even with steroids and ancillary therapies in moderate-to-severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326568-twv2i3fb author = Bruminhent, Jackrapong title = Clinical characteristics and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients under investigation in Thailand date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4402 sentences = 245 flesch = 48 summary = To manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a national health authority has implemented a case definition of patients under investigation (PUIs) to guide clinicians' diagnoses. Multivariate analysis identified close contact with an index case (OR, 3.49; 95%CI, 1.49–8.15; P = 0.004), visiting high-risk places (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.03–3.56; P = 0.039), productive cough (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.05–3.92; P = 0.034), and no medical coverage (OR, 3.91; 95%CI, 1.35–11.32; P = 0.012) as independent risk factors for COVID-19 among the PUIs. The majority had favorable outcomes, though one (1.9%) died from severe pneumonia. Apart from close contact with an infected case and visiting high-risk places, we found that having no medical coverage and presenting with productive cough were predictors of being diagnosed with COVID-19 among PUIs. SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging respiratory virus that commonly causes no or mild respiratory tract infection and is occasionally complicated by severe pneumonia [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326527-j6ihs6jx author = Walker, Graham title = Psychological Defence Mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Series date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2698 sentences = 139 flesch = 42 summary = This paper aims to describe a range of psychological defence mechanisms encountered within colleagues in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Deeper understanding of the gold-standard hierarchical organization of defence mechanisms could help increase utilisation of specific therapeutic interventions for enhancing changes from immature to mature defensive responses to stressful experiences as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. It has been proposed that defence mechanisms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could be more typically immature, in that anxiety over the viral outbreak can be temporarily alleviated by alteration of painful mental contents and/or radical distortion of external reality 10 . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Despite these described negative impacts of defence mechanisms, they have also played an important role as protective factors against psychological distress during the COVID-19 Using the methodology of a case series, this paper aims to describe a range of psychological defence mechanisms encountered within colleagues in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326321-9n345vyu author = Moreno, Cinthia Baldallo title = Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1072 sentences = 120 flesch = 61 summary = title: Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab. Los brotes de vasculitis urticarial se consideraron un trigger del deterioro de la función renal, por lo que se inició omalizumab. Un estudio observacional de un solo centro realizado por Goicoechea et al 7 en una población de pacientes en HD mostró que la tasa de mortalidad es muy alta (hasta 30,5%), comparado con la mortalidad observada en la población general secundaria a la infección por COVID-19 (1,4-8%). Nosotros creemos que el curso clínico leve de COVID-19 en nuestra paciente en HD podría ser debido, en parte, a la protección conferida por el tratamiento con omalizumab. Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología cache = ./cache/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326497-458mnekj author = Schaible, Jan title = Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2797 sentences = 208 flesch = 51 summary = Advances in knowledge: The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT. Advances in knowledge: The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate CT morphology of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proven COVID-19 pneumonia in a German cohort with special emphasis on the frequency of the empirically observed but so far not systematically evaluated novel CT features. We evaluated two more CT signs which might increase specificity of CT for COVID-19 pneumonia: In the presented cohort, a sharp margin of opacifications with respect to the surrounding healthy tissue was observed in a high proportion of patients (n = 85, 79%). The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications were frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and might help to increase specificity of CT. cache = ./cache/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326584-io2f52kn author = Killeen, G. title = Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8767 sentences = 422 flesch = 47 summary = Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential for policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. cache = ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326600-wg1o85zq author = Westley, Suzanne title = Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 814 sentences = 44 flesch = 57 summary = Dear Sir, We submit a letter outlining how at The Queen Victoria Hospital we have so far successfully protected a group of vulnerable plastic surgeons while enabling them to continue to make a valuable contribution to the work of the department, specifically the hand trauma team, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of the new virtual hand trauma clinic was to allow patients to be triaged in a timely manner while adhering to social distancing guidelines by remotely accessing the clinic from home. Local assessment of our practice is ongoing but we have found that this model has enabled a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees to successfully continue to work whilst reducing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and providing gold standard care for patients. Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient cache = ./cache/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326506-8jckdecg author = Chandratre, Sonal title = Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1289 sentences = 82 flesch = 44 summary = As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across the world, it is also adversely affecting medical student education. In addition, COVID-19 poses several challenges to medical students' physical and mental health and their professional identity formation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted medical student education (MSE) drastically. Assessment of mental health of MS (n = 7143) from Changzhi Medical School, China, demonstrated self-reported anxiety in 25% participants. Learning from China's experiences about COVID-19-related mental health challenges in MS, medical schools globally should bolster mental health support for their MS. Both the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and the Medical College of Wisconsin collaborated to describe how they are individually responding to the current need of a revised medical education curriculum delivery in light of COVID-19 with their complete transition to virtual learning. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student education in Wisconsin cache = ./cache/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326632-botshfa1 author = Abolfotouh, Mostafa A. title = Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4135 sentences = 210 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, HCWs at three tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were surveyed via email with an anonymous link, by a concern scale about Covid-19 pandemic during 15–30 April, 2020. Predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of Saudi nationality (p < 0.001), younger age (p = 0.003), undergraduate education (p = 0.044), living with others (p = 0.003) working in the western region (p = 0.003) and direct contact with patients (p = 0.018). In multiple regression analysis ( Table 4) , predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of younger age (p = 0.003), Saudi nationality (p < 0.001), undergraduate education (p = 0.044), and those working in the western region (p = 0.003), living with others (p = 0.003) and in direct contact with patients (p = 0.018). cache = ./cache/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326626-ixxk6plf author = Akhtar, Naveed title = Characteristics and Comparison of 32 COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Ischemic Strokes and historical stroke patients. date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2455 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = PATIENT AND METHODS: : To determine how COVID-19 infection may affect cerebrovascular disease, we evaluated the ischemic stroke sub-types, clinical course and outcomes prior to and during the pandemic in Qatar. The main objective of the present study is to compare the types of ischemic strokes in patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 infection to a busy tertiary care hospital during the pandemic. The Qatar Stroke Database prospectively collects information on all acute stroke patients For the present study, we evaluated the monthly rates of confirmed ischemic stroke admissions to the hospital for the last 4 months in 2019, prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to previous case reports and case-controlled studies, from USA (10), Iran (26), Dubai (27) , France (28) and China (8), a third of our COVID-19 positive patients had severe disease, required ICU admissions, stayed longer in hospital and had fewer subjects with good outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326574-ke0iktly author = Chew, Alton Ming Kai title = Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3760 sentences = 177 flesch = 34 summary = In the context of the ongoing pandemic, several potential applications of these tools have emerged, such as predicting outbreaks of COVID-19 based on historic travel data and public health capacity (22) . Direct potential applications of OHCs for patients at-risk of mental health disorders include lowering the barrier to access care and support for stigmatized illnesses such as anxiety and depression, by allowing patients to seek initial medical advice anonymously (43) . The pyramid base catering to the needs of the general population could include screening tools such as big data systems and/or OHCs to actively identify and/or engage at-risk individuals without pre-existing mental health disorders, as well as provide tele-support services to reduce risk of progression in patients with mental health disorders (49) . cache = ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326618-0ci9irxl author = Chien, Lung-Chang title = COVID-19 Outbreak, Mitigation, and Governance in High Prevalent Countries date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3567 sentences = 193 flesch = 54 summary = Countries were further grouped into three different levels of governance (25 better governance, 24 fair governance, and 13 worse governance), identified outbreak and mitigation periods using the joinpoint regression model, and compared the number of days and average daily percent change in incidence in two periods by governance level using the one-way analysis of variance. The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights urges countries to pay attention to respecting human rights and protecting vulnerable people, as these are fundamental factors to the success of the public health response and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic in the long run [15, 16] . Although better governance countries experience rapid surges in the number of cases during the COVID-19 crisis, the incidence decreases steadily. We found that countries with better governance had a more rapid increase but a shorter outbreak period than countries with fair or worse governance by 19.6-22.3 days. cache = ./cache/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326635-sdybzl1w author = Valika, Taher S. title = Return to Normalcy? Principles on Resuming Surgical Services in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1185 sentences = 79 flesch = 57 summary = With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. Phase 2 provided criteria on resuming elective outpatient and inpatient surgical procedures. Our experiences and lessons learned are described, and they provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to patient care. Our experiences and lessons learned are described, and they provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to patient care. These are unparalleled times, and safety is paramount for the patient, the family, the physician, and the care team. Each patient was required to obtain COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing within 72 hours of the surgical procedure and then self-quarantine, as suggested by the Illinois Department of Public Health. Thoughtful guiding principles to continue to manage our practices in this crisis are essential to maintain the health and safety of our patients, families, and providers. cache = ./cache/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326622-r77kqshi author = Civil, Ian D title = Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 580 sentences = 38 flesch = 50 summary = title: Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Injury journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/injury Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Medical research has been the cornerstone in discoveries of better ways to prevent and treat diseases [1] . Any crisis generates opportunities for new learning and past experience suggests research publication does not slow down during or after a pandemic. While it is recognised that human resources will be significantly stretched and distracted in 2020, Injury reiterates its mission to accept, review and publish important trauma-related research and all the editors are confident that the current COVID pandemic will provide as many new research opportunities as it takes away. The journal will do everything possible to ensure submitted papers are reviewed and published in a timely way. Anomalies of the 1919 influenza pandemic remain unexplained after 100 years cache = ./cache/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326643-obfvi3ms author = Lo Giudice, Roberto title = The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4574 sentences = 293 flesch = 54 summary = Considering the virus' route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). Due to the transmission route, in addition to measures that prevent diffusion of the infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection), it is advisable to add further airborne and contact precautions to the routine standard hygienic procedures in order to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, visors, goggles, dental uniform, and surgical gown and shoes (see section on PPEs below). To reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, given how the disease spreads and the current health crisis, the following prevention measures are suggested in addition to what is already generally performed: cache = ./cache/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326636-l41qzggh author = Fudulu, Daniel P. title = Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1513 sentences = 102 flesch = 60 summary = Due to its effective transmission, more than a third of the global population is currently in lockdown as part of a mitigation strategy that aims to reduce the capacity of the virus to kill by increasing the ability of the health services to cope with the surge in cases. Sadly, doctors, including cardiac surgeons 5 died from the coronavirus, and many others will likely lose the battle with the virus in the future. A new challenge is operating on patients that are Covid-19 positive or suspected as high risk for the disease. We are dealing with a new disease in our cardiac surgical patients, and we have no understanding of it. There is no research into short term and long term outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery that are Covid-19 positive. cache = ./cache/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326692-kq903zbo author = Boehning, Dankmar title = Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2571 sentences = 154 flesch = 56 summary = title: Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. Because published estimates of the distribution of Covid-19 vary widely, with estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, alone ranging from subcritical (i.e., < 1) to > 3 [Li et al.(2020) , Zhao et al.(2020) , ], mathematical models of infectious diseases, such as Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models, computing the theoretical number of people infected with a contagious illness in a closed population over time, needs to be evaluated on a range/grid of simulated values, each based on different assumptions and adjusted based on data from different geographic areas [Chen et al.(2020) ]. The purpose of this contribution is to propose a lower bound estimator for the number of people affected by Covid-19 but not detected for various reasons, the major one being that they are asymptomatic. cache = ./cache/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326709-zr3ju2rz author = Allali, Gilles title = Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 273 sentences = 28 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Allali, Gilles; Marti, Christophe; Grosgurin, Olivier; Morélot‐Panzini, Capucine; Similowski, Thomas; Adler, Dan title: Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread worldwide, challenging the clinician and focusing the entire globe on critical illness high mortality. 3 The value of dyspnea, as a warning symptom in COVID-19 pneumonia, therefore seems low. Yet, dyspnea has been strongly associated with a poor prognosis in the general population, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and also in patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region -Case Series The neuro-invasiveness-related "vanishing" dyspnea hypothesis illustrates this dichotomy of having severe hypoxemia without dyspnea and may explain the high mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted (too late) in the ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326717-sebzbijm author = Quereshy, Humzah A. title = “Hot zones” for otolaryngologists: Assessing the geographic distribution of aerosol-generating procedures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2006 sentences = 105 flesch = 41 summary = Using the Medicare POSPUF database, aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were mapped based on hospital referral regions, against up-to-date COVID-19 case distribution data, as of April 24, 2020. Following the interim cancellation of elective surgical procedures, the American College of Surgeons suggested that, in order to reopen elective surgeries, geographic areas should see sustained reductions in rates of new COVID-19 cases and have adequate hospital resources to take care of all patients sufficiently 11 . As the focus shifts to resuming elective procedures in hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, and outpatient clinics, we must appreciate that otolaryngologists remain at very high risk of exposure due to their unique susceptibility of aerosol-generating procedures. In this J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f way, while health systems across the country have instituted changes to their approach to these procedures during the pandemic, it is critical for all institutions to re-evaluate the risk of certain procedures involving high viral load based on predicted procedural volumes to establish appropriate clinical protocols as we look to restore surgical practices to normalcy. cache = ./cache/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326752-45ckkv01 author = Barnett, Brian title = Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1250 sentences = 71 flesch = 39 summary = title: Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 Current COVID-19 prevention and control efforts have been hampered by poor access to testing at many facilities, which delays the transfer of patients who develop symptoms after admission and eventually test positive. There are also anecdotal reports of sober homes and homeless shelters closing, as well as nursing homes and similar facilities refusing to accept new residents or allow current residents to return following a psychiatric hospitalization, due to concerns about these individuals seeding COVID-19 outbreaks in their facilities. For asymptomatic patients refusing testing, making an exception to allow for admission may be reasonable, since early peer reviewed [16, 17] and non-peer reviewed data [18, 19] J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f indicate COVID-19 prevalence is low among a variety of populations receiving hospital based care, particularly among patients not exhibiting symptoms consistent with infection [17, 18] . cache = ./cache/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326843-ehw4x5vv author = Sellal, François title = Manifestations neurologiques dans la pandémie de Covid-19 date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2528 sentences = 240 flesch = 60 summary = Résumé La Covid-19 peut comporter des troubles neurologiques qui se partagent en 5 grands groupes : Des encéphalopathies, souvent avec agitation, confusion, troubles psychotiques, dont la physiopathogénie est sans doute multiple (syndrome inflammatoire général lié au sepsis, hypoxie, insuffisance rénale, hypercoagulabilité, agression directe du virus). En faveur de cette hypothèse militent la fréquence de l'anosmie dans le Covid-19, mais aussi le fait que dans des modèles murins exprimant ACE2 l'inoculation intranasale de SARS-CoV-1 permet une invasion virale du SNC via la lame criblée [3] . Dans une étude rétrospective sur 214 patients menée à Wuhan (Chine), il s'agissait des symptômes neurologiques les plus fréquents (16,8% des cas pour l'instabilité ; 13% des cas pour les céphalées), sans être influencés par la sévérité du tableau clinique. Les crises épileptiques, quoique considérées comme fréquentes chez les malades réanimés lors d'une infection à coronavirus [17] , n'ont pas souvent été rapportées dans la Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326718-jboiufoq author = Deming, Meagan E. title = COVID-19 and Lessons to Be Learned from Prior Coronavirus Outbreaks date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2539 sentences = 121 flesch = 41 summary = In addition, three novel CoVs have emerged as zoonotic human infections in the past 17 years; SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) (2) have each been associated with lower respiratory symptoms, progressing in a subset of individuals to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Interestingly NL63, an hCoV that also uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as the host receptor, but typically causes mild upper respiratory disease, was the cause of a cluster of severe pediatric pneumonias in China in 2018, during which half of the patients were identified with viruses containing a specific substitution in the spike glycoprotein that enhanced binding to and entry via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (4). It can be hypothesized that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, with its PERSPECTIVE structural similarity and higher affinity binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2, provokes a similar mechanism of lung pathology leading to ARDS with severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326798-5j8otrzs author = Guisado-Vasco, Pablo title = COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: NF-kB activation. Crossroads date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 523 sentences = 32 flesch = 45 summary = Since the first clinical reports, age and presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic lung disease, among other comorbidities, were identified as major risk factors of death among patients with COVID-19 [2-3] -including severe cases admitted to intensive care units [4] . Emerging data suggest that diabetes mellitus and obesity (BMI > 30) are common risk factors in COVID-19 patients, with a high prevalence rate that reaches nearly 21% [3] and 40%, respectively [6] . Recent research underscores this concept, reporting that obesity and diabetes mellitus are special risk factors for the progression of severe COVID-19 inflammatory lung response (7) . Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission Risk factors associated with acute respiratory syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326687-9duu5bbz author = Montastruc, Jean-Louis title = Serious adverse drug reactions with hydroxychloroquine: a pharmacovigilance study in Vigibase® date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 844 sentences = 64 flesch = 49 summary = The study was performed in Vigibase®, the WHO pharmacovigilance database, which registers all Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) from more than 130 countries [5] . The 3 main SMQs were hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, arthralgia and gastrointestinal ADRs. Retinal toxicity was found in 6.7% of ICSRs, cardiac arrhythmias (including 1.6% torsades de pointes/QT prolongation) in 5.0%, cardiomyopathy in 3.3% (Table 1) . Although suffering from the mandatory biases of such studies (underreporting, lack of systematic information on doses and duration exposure in Vigibase®, denominator unknown, use of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic or autoimmune disorders and not COVID-19), the results have several important strengths: data in the context of real world not studied in clinical trials, study performed in the world's largest pharmacovigilance database from around 130 countries allowing generalization of results. Off" label use of hydroxychloroquine , azithromycine, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: a survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers cache = ./cache/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326821-x6comwwl author = Castelli, Roberto title = Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 53 flesch = 37 summary = title: Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection Comparably, but slightly higher records of thromboembolic complications (up to about 30%) were observed in Italian patients admitted in ICU (unpublished data). Normal incidence of deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized Italian patients without COVID-19 is reported 0.025% [10] . The thromboembolic complications observed in Italian patients affected by severe COVID-19 include venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (VTE). Table 1 shows the most frequent hemostatic alterations observed among Italian patients admitted to ICU for respiratory failure. All these findings suggest a mechanism of inflammatory-mediated macro-and micro-thrombosis as a pathogenetic mechanism of damage in the setting of severe COVID-19 infection. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy cache = ./cache/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326839-nhzasi5a author = Ferreli, Fabio title = Clinical presentation at the onset of COVID-19 and Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 504 sentences = 39 flesch = 59 summary = Smell and taste dysfunctions were 89 investigated by asking the patients to answer the question "Did you experience any 90 reduction or loss of smell and/or taste at the onset of COVID-19?". Differences in the MiniRQLQ scores relative to ARC and to the onset of 92 COVID-19 were described as mean, standard deviation (SD) and 95% Confidence Interval 93 (CI). investigated to test the hypothesis that patients with a diagnosis of ARC seem to be more 118 affected by olfactory dysfunction when contracting COVID-19, as raised by some authors. In our experience, no differences in taste and smell dysfunction were reported among 120 COVID-19 patients with or without a diagnosis of ARC. Prevalence 139 of taste and smell dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate 143 forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study cache = ./cache/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326834-eeldyj2u author = Graziani, Desirée title = Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4367 sentences = 210 flesch = 46 summary = Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of coronary ischemia and other factors that put them at risk for COVID-19-related complications. Several observational and case-control studies have confirmed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COPD patients than in the general population, possibly due to the coexistence of common risk factors or an associated pathogenic mechanism [11] . Subsequently, a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that, although the prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 cases was low, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with high rates of severity and mortality in patients with COPD [20] . Most patients admitted for COVID-19 presented pulmonary infiltrates compatible with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and, in some cases, with associated heart failure; this finding markedly differed from patients with COPD exacerbation due to other viral causes. cache = ./cache/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326852-gm98s8a3 author = Teo, Wan-Yee title = Implications for Border Containment Strategies when COVID-19 Presents Atypically date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1964 sentences = 108 flesch = 54 summary = Conclusions An important global border control measure to implement quickly, will be to expand the symptom list to isolated sore throat, and/or a prior history of recent symptoms (resolved). Following the instructions on the information sheet from Singapore Global Network (a division in the Singapore Economic Development Board which broadens and deepens the overseas network of Singapore citizens) available online, 2 the patient and his family contacted the People's Association (a government-supported statutory board to promote racial harmony and social cohesion in Singapore) to clarify the symptom of a resolved sore throat, and highlighted patient's contact history with an Italy-returning medical student during a fencing sparring. Staff at People's Association rapidly facilitated the patient to be picked up in a dedicated ambulance to National Center of Infection Disease, Singapore, where a chest x-ray done was normal, and the swab test was positive for COVID-19 (Day 8 of initial symptoms). cache = ./cache/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326853-miyvn7vd author = Chien, Lung-Chang title = Meteorological impacts on the incidence of COVID-19 in the U.S. date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2641 sentences = 130 flesch = 44 summary = Our analyses indicate that each meteorological factor and COVID-19 more likely have a nonlinear association rather than a linear association over the wide ranges of temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation observed. By including all the three meteorological factors in the same model with their lagged effects up to 3 days, the overall impact of the average temperature on COVID-19 was found to peak at 68.45 °F and decrease at higher degrees, though the overall relative risk percentage (RR %) reduction did not become significantly negative up to 85 °F. In our study, we first investigated the linear association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 in the U.S. We found that higher temperatures significantly reduced the risk of COVID-19, while higher relative humidities significantly increased the risk. To sum up, the study found that average temperature, minimum relative humidity, and precipitation can better address the impact of meteorological factors on COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326849-vqpwdlj7 author = Rao US, Vishal title = Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19 date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1827 sentences = 111 flesch = 50 summary = The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. 1, 2, 3 About 80-85% of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus display a mild to moderate course of the disease and spontaneously recover at 14 -20 days from the point of the first contact. 14 This immunomodulatory effect of MSCs could hold the potential to manage a patient at risk of manifesting the severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. cache = ./cache/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326820-11sl17ap author = Bousquet, Jean title = Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2315 sentences = 131 flesch = 52 summary = title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit. Although there are large differences between countries in death rates, the age-dependent severity of COVID-19 is similar between Asian, European and American countries. Identifying whether countries with high or low ACE activity have different death rates would be of great interest in understanding the clinical importance of interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326744-eled2tgo author = Millett, Gregorio A. title = White Counties Stand Apart: The Primacy of Residential Segregation in COVID-19 and HIV Diagnoses date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3228 sentences = 178 flesch = 54 summary = 28 Attributing racial disparities to underlying conditions implicitly blames communities of color for COVID-19 disparities due to poor health decisions; but there is ample literature showing how social determinants contribute to worse health outcomes in communities of color, 29 including well-cited HIV research studies of youth, gay men, and PWID, which show that HIV disparities persist in black communities despite similar or fewer behavioral risks than whites. A CDC demonstration project that scaled up HIV testing efforts in black and Latino communities in the District of Columbia dramatically reduced the proportion of concurrent AIDS diagnoses at first positive test; 46 and encouraging data from a recent study 35 show shifts in COVID-19 testing from wealthier and white neighborhoods to poorer and more diverse neighborhoods in cities initially hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author = Hon, Kam Lun title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6265 sentences = 370 flesch = 46 summary = 4 COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection that causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but can also lead to ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 : latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com mortality and morbidity. SARS-CoV is closely related to civet and bat CoVs, but it is phylogenetically divergent from other coronaviruses associated with human infections, including ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1. In a clinical trial involving 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was not associated with any clinical improvements compared with standard care. 25 Long and colleagues reported that corticosteroid therapy using methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone was beneficial in treating ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com SARS-CoV patients, 78 and significantly prolonged survival time in clinical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326708-92lsnv4g author = Craig, J. title = Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3530 sentences = 148 flesch = 47 summary = Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. The average number of hospital beds needed at the peak of respective national COVID-19 outbreaks across 52 countries assuming 100% of infected patients with severe symptoms seek out health services was 131.7 beds per 100,000 people (SD: 9.2) ranging from 96.8 per 100,000 in Egypt to 137.8 beds per 100,000 in Equatorial Guinea. cache = ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326874-rdwvsm4s author = Wu, Chaomin title = Corticosteroid therapy for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort study with propensity score analysis date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4453 sentences = 218 flesch = 35 summary = In Cox regression analysis using corticosteroid treatment as a time-varying variable, corticosteroid treatment was associated with a significant reduction in risk of in-hospital death within 60 days after adjusting for age, sex, SOFA score at hospital admission, propensity score of corticosteroid treatment, comorbidities, antiviral treatment, and respiratory supports (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21, 0.85; p = 0.0160). CONCLUSION: In this clinical practice setting, low-dose corticosteroid treatment was associated with reduced risk of in-hospital death within 60 days in COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS. However, there was comprehensive controversy on its efficacy [9, 10] , due to the results of observational studies that showed corticosteroid treatment was associated with increased mortality and nosocomial infections for influenza and delayed virus clearance for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [11] . In this observational study, prescription of low-to-moderate dose systemic corticosteroids was associated with lower risk of 60-day in-hospital death among COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326903-t2cx2ju5 author = Zhou, J. title = Altered blood cell traits underlie a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3444 sentences = 232 flesch = 53 summary = Results: Our PheWAS identified and replicated multiple blood cell traits to be associated with the COVID-19 risk variant, including monocyte count and percentage (p = 1.07e-8, 4.09e-13), eosinophil count and percentage (p = 5.73e-3, 2.20e-3), and neutrophil percentage (p = 3.23e-3). The PGS analysis revealed positive associations between the expression of candidate genes and genetically predicted counts of specific blood cells: CCR3 with eosinophil and basophil (p = 5.73e-21, 5.08e-19); CCR2 with monocytes (p = 2.40e-10); and CCR1 with monocytes and neutrophil (p = 1.78e-6, 7.17e-5). Conclusions: Multiple blood cell traits, especially monocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil numbers, are associated with the COVID-19 risk variant and the expression of its candidate target genes, representing probable mechanistic links between the genetic locus 3p21.31 and severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our phenome-wide association study for the severe COVID-19 risk variant at locus 3p21.31 and its candidate target genes identified altered blood cell traits, especially counts of monocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil, as the probable mechanistic links between the genetic locus and severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327017-b2refzfw author = Elbeddini, Ali title = Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1624 sentences = 86 flesch = 49 summary = title: Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine Telehealth has been shown to be a resource-effective way to deliver pharmacist services and to enhance patient care [3] . Fortunately, many pharmacy services can be delivered over the phone, but the question arises about whether the quality of care by virtual means is on par with that of direct patient care. A randomized controlled trial looked at a telemedicine consultation device known as "GeriMedRisk" in the long-term care setting, and concluded that it feasible intervention to deliver virtual healthcare services to geriatric patients [6] . This could drastically improve the access to and quality of patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also moving forward. While many pharmacists currently use deprescribing as a means to optimize their patients' health, it is not clear whether this practice is ideal during the pandemic. Many healthcare providers, including pharmacists, play an important role in delivering this service to patients. cache = ./cache/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326956-oz047qmf author = Lu, Yiping title = Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5822 sentences = 287 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 patients had statistically significantly higher bilateral gray matter volumes (GMV) in olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insulas, left Rolandic operculum, left Heschl's gyrus and right cingulate gyrus and a general decline of MD, AD, RD accompanied with an increase of FA in white matter, especially AD in the right CR, EC and SFF, and MD in SFF compared with non-COVID-19 volunteers (corrected p value <0.05). We found that these recovered COVID-19 patients were more likely to have enlarged olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insulas, Heschl's gyrus, Rolandic operculum and cingulate gyrus, and a general decline of Mean Diffusivity (MD), Axial Diffusivity (AD), Radial Diffusivity (RD) accompanied with an increase of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in white matter, especially AD in the right Coronal Radiata (CR), External Capsule (EC) and Superior Frontal-occipital Fasciculus (SFF), and MD in SFF compared with non-COVID-19 volunteers. cache = ./cache/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326805-c5co9cfq author = Lin, Shi-hui title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1361 sentences = 100 flesch = 46 summary = title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cytokine storms are a pathophysiological feature of COVID-19 and play an important role in distinguishing hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of ARDS. Furthermore, we discuss inflammation-related indicators that have the potential to identify hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of COVID-19, especially for those with a high risk of ARDS. [12, 27] Furthermore, other observational COVID-19 studies have suggested that cytokine 4 storms (comprised of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, and IL-8) may be associated with disease severity.[7, 12, 5 28] For example, higher concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), IP10, 6 MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF-α were found in patients who required admission into an intensive care 7 unit (ICU). In COVID-19, there is also suggestive evidence of hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of ARDS. Circulating IL-1ra and 42 IL-10 levels are increased but do not predict the development of acute respiratory distress 43 syndrome in at-risk patients cache = ./cache/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327003-2z0ftel0 author = Makurumidze, Richard title = Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 861 sentences = 64 flesch = 59 summary = title: Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe Official reports of suspect cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and preparedness of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and suspected cases who missed testing. The studies conducted to date have shown African countries to be at risk of getting the new 21 coronavirus disease , mainly due to their close link with China 1 . Despite the 22 associated high risk, the number of reported cases has been rising slower than anticipated 23 considering their weak health and emergency preparedness and response systems 2 . According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) report on 27 COVID-19 on the 15 th of March 2020, 365 cases were confirmed in 25 African countries. cache = ./cache/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326945-fvgc33qx author = Babapoor-Farrokhran, Savalan title = Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 776 sentences = 46 flesch = 36 summary = Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection has quickly spread across the world since it was officially reported in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019 and emerged as a global pandemic leading to significant morbidity, mortality, economic affliction, and social disruption. Their guidance on management of atrial fibrillation is similar as Additionally, the article discusses the common incidence of acute myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients, which can be a potential substrate for ventricular arrhythmia. The authors note that in comparison to the year prior there was an increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest observed during the pandemic [8] . New QT detection algorithms on mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry systems, and consumer heart rate and even oximetry monitors will likely change the approach for Ultimately, hindsight and retrospective analysis of the cardiac impact of COVID-19 will tell us if the standard treatments used for treating arrhythmias in other individuals were beneficial or detrimental to coronavirus patients. cache = ./cache/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327006-m847xdzk author = Di Castelnuovo, A. title = Low dose hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 26 studies and 44,521 patients date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4803 sentences = 285 flesch = 55 summary = Results: A total of 26 articles were found (N=44,521 COVID-19 patients, including N=7,324 from 4 randomized clinical trials (RCTs)); 10 studies were valuable for analysing the association of HCQ+AZM. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.01.20223958 doi: medRxiv preprint Therefore, we decided to conduct an updated meta-analysis on observational and RCT studies on HCQ use and the mortality outcome in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Pooling of data from 22 observational studies, which accounted for 86.2% of the total weight, the use of HCQ has been associated with 25% lower mortality risk (pooled risk ratio: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.63 to 0.89; high level of heterogeneity: I 2 =80%, random effects). In a meta-analysis of 26 studies (4 RCTs) involving 44,814 COVID-19 patients, the use of HCQ was associated with a 21% lower risk of total mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326916-bakwk4tm author = Fauver, Joseph R. title = Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5556 sentences = 323 flesch = 53 summary = To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. To delineate the roles of domestic and international virus spread in the emergence of new United States COVID-19 outbreaks, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected from cases identified in Connecticut. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from nine of the first COVID-19 cases reported in Connecticut, with sample collection dating from March 6-14, 2020 (Data S1). By combining daily passenger volumes ( Figure 2B ) with COVID-19 prevalence at the travel route origin (Figures 2C and 2D) and accounting for differences in reporting rates, we found that the domestic and international SARS-CoV-2 importation risk started to increase dramatically at the beginning of March 2020 ( Figure 2E ). cache = ./cache/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326866-nbd4arhx author = Fox, Charles W. title = The representation of women as authors of submissions to ecology journals during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1947 sentences = 86 flesch = 55 summary = At these six ecology journals there is no evidence of a decline in the proportion of submissions that are authored by women (as either first or submitting author) since the start of the COVID-19 disruptions; the proportion of papers authored by women in the post-COVID period of 2020 has increased relative to the same period in 2019, and is higher than in the period pre-COVID in 2020. At these six ecology journals there is no evidence of a decline in the proportion of submissions that are authored by women (as either first or submitting author) since the start of the COVID-19 disruptions; the proportion of papers authored by women in the post-COVID period of 2020 has increased relative to the same period in 2019, and is higher than in the period pre-COVID in 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author = Lee, Sang M. title = Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9665 sentences = 461 flesch = 49 summary = Results: Korea's success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens' community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. More specifically, this study has the following objectives: (1) To analyze Korean experiences with cases where healthcare facilities failed to prevent previous infectious diseases from spreading, and how these failures served the government in devising effective approaches to encounter the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To dissect cases that showed innovative and successful response measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) To elaborate on suggestions for crisis management based on the lessons learned from these COVID-19 response cases in Korea. cache = ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326991-m0lfk0a9 author = Nuñez, Jorge H. title = Rethinking Trauma Hospital Services in one of Spain's Largest University Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. How can we organize and help? Our experience. date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4018 sentences = 237 flesch = 55 summary = Each decision requires an individualized risk/benefit assessment, with the aims of protecting healthcare personal and patients, helping hospitals deal with Covid-19 lines, and not compromising the assessment and outcomes of our patients. Personnel have been organized to support the Covid-19 units, to cover trauma care (emergency clinical visits and emergent surgeries), operating rooms (delayed fracture emergencies) and clinical consultations (general and specialized consultations via telemedicine). We reduced to a third our orthopaedics and trauma hospital beds, provided coverage for general emergency services and five ICUs, all the while continuing to provide care for our patients, in the form of 102 trauma surgeries, 6413 phone interviews and 520 emergency clinic visits. We reduced to a third our orthopaedics and trauma hospital beds, provided coverage for general emergency services and five ICUs, all the while continuing to provide care for our patients, in the form of 102 trauma surgeries, 6413 phone interviews and 520 emergency clinic visits. cache = ./cache/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326969-4f9djufi author = Stein, Richard A. title = When Public Health Crises Collide: Social Disparities and COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1832 sentences = 101 flesch = 44 summary = What makes these observations remarkable is that hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which are risk factors for more severe or fatal COVID-19 [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , are exactly the chronic conditions that have long been recognized as disproportionately affecting racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disfavored individuals and groups [14] . Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities also shape inequities in the access to mental health care [49] [50] [51] [52] . Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities are conducive to the development of chronic medical conditions that could increase the risk of severe COVID-19, widening the disparities and accentuating the chronic disease burden and, as a result, further marginalizing already vulnerable individuals and groups. The obesity epidemic in the United States--gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and metaregression analysis Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes complications in the northeastern United States: the role of socioeconomic status cache = ./cache/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326831-dvg0isgt author = Muhammad, L. J. title = Predictive Data Mining Models for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infected Patients’ Recovery date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2707 sentences = 145 flesch = 52 summary = The decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms were applied directly on the dataset using python programming language to develop the models. The results of the present study have shown that the model developed with decision tree data mining algorithm is more efficient to predict the possibility of recovery of the infected patients from COVID-19 pandemic with the overall accuracy of 99.85% which stands to be the best model developed among the models developed with other algorithms including support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor. Data mining algorithm which includes decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression random forest, and K-nearest neighbor were applied directly on the dataset using python programming language to develop the models. cache = ./cache/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327219-gj3otwzj author = Gale, Robert Peter title = Conquest of COVID‐19. Publish it to Death? date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 723 sentences = 61 flesch = 65 summary = Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐cornavirsu‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome-cornavirsu-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). This is only for citations covered by PubMed. The figures from the World Health Organization which tracks every manuscript on the virus and its disease submitted in their journals irrespective of publication would be much greater [1] How to explain this burst of publications? My next step was to evaluate the quality of these guidelines using criteria of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Figure 2 ; [12] ). Quality and strength of evidence of the Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines cache = ./cache/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327032-4bet4e8l author = Khan, S. H. title = Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3702 sentences = 222 flesch = 47 summary = Background Delirium incidence, duration and severity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 is not known. Therefore, we conducted this study at two large academic health systems in urban Midwest to measure incidence of delirium, delirium duration and delirium severity, and investigate risk factors associated with delirium in critically ill patients admitted with COVID-19. Patients who were discharged from the intensive care unit prior to 14 days did not have subsequent delirium or coma assessments performed outside the ICU. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 doi: medRxiv preprint cohort, hypoactive delirium occurred in 86.8% of patients on the first CAM-ICU assessment, and the median duration of hypoactive delirium was 4 days (IQR: 2-4). Delirium was defined as a positive CAM-ICU assessment in the patient medical record for up to 14 days during their ICU COVID-19 stay. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) cache = ./cache/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327058-7cnuem33 author = Wong, Anna S. Y. title = Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2264 sentences = 88 flesch = 32 summary = We analyse current research with respect to mental health, public health policy compliance, and the provision of care for vulnerable populations, and highlight how considerations of bonding, bridging, and linking capital can contribute to health systems strengthening in the context of the COVID-19 response and recovery effort. CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that considerations of social capital – including virtual community building, fostering solidarity between high-risk and low-risk groups, and trust building between decision-makers, healthcare workers, and the public – offer a powerful frame of reference for understanding how response and recovery programs can be best implemented to effectively ensure the inclusive provision of COVID-19 health services. As countries adopt urgent public health measures in response to the many challenges posed by COVID-19, lessons learned from public health intervention studies that link enhanced social capital with improved mental health outcomes, greater community buy-in, and the extension of health services to vulnerable populations suggest a critical role for social capital in ensuring a rapid adjustment to today's new public health reality. cache = ./cache/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327084-r12copka author = Zhang, Chenxi title = Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4087 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0–7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6–3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3–3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5). cache = ./cache/cord-327084-r12copka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327084-r12copka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326996-va073yuz author = Sang, Ling title = The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3554 sentences = 221 flesch = 53 summary = title: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study (See figure on previous page.) Fig. 1 Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis, right heart failure and the outcomes of renal disorders in patients with Covid-19 who had acute kidney injury during hospitalization. a. Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis and the outcomes of renal disorder and the severity of acute kidney injury in patients with Covid-19 during hospitalization. b. Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis and the outcomes of renal disorders and the presence of right heart failure in patients with Covid-19 who had acute kidney injury during hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327148-dzozl70h author = Tahmassebi, Ramon title = Reflections from London’s Level-1 Major Trauma Centres during the COVID crisis date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2475 sentences = 130 flesch = 44 summary = In this article we reflect on the changes introduced and the lessons learned at London's four Level-1 Major Trauma Centres, in maintaining a reduced but functional service for trauma and urgent musculoskeletal pathology, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Each centre adapted individually but the problems faced were identical; continuing to provide high quality sub-specialist orthopaedic and trauma care on the unstable platform of inevitable staff illness, redeployment and concerns around safety. Unfortunately, COVID-19 will continue to be a major influence in all our activity for the foreseeable future and while the threat still exists, this reduced theatre efficiency may become the new norm, negatively impacting each hospital's ability to revamp elective surgery services. Outside of those physicians working on the genuine front-line of caring for COVID patients (ED, ICU, Medicine, Anaesthetics, etc.), there has traditionally been less focus on the psychological health of the workforce; particularly in surgery. cache = ./cache/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327106-drwvzw5l author = Eyawo, Oghenowede title = Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2620 sentences = 99 flesch = 49 summary = The global health governance of pandemic preparedness and response needs to move further away from the advocacy of a one-size-fits-all approach that tends to prioritize the interests of high-income countries towards a context-sensitive approach that gives equity a central role in guiding our pandemic preparedness and response strategies. On the other hand, we find the failure of commission-high-income countries (HICs) battle to buy out ventilators, personal protective equipment, and diagnostic tests on the global market, which freezes out any real possibility of LMICs getting these resources. The global health governance response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been largely modelled from the perspective of HICs without due consideration for how and whether it provides a feasible parallel strategy for LMICs. A predominant reliance on extemporaneous prevention measures, such as stay at home orders, frequent handwashing, long-term social distancing, and business closures cannot be easily or effectively translated into the LMIC context without major political and economic changes. cache = ./cache/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326881-3j2e92dj author = Vassallo, M. title = Patients with Covid-19 exhibit different immunological profiles according to their clinical presentation date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2385 sentences = 132 flesch = 45 summary = Conclusions In a population of elderly patients recently infected with Covid-19, CD10 + B cell levels were inversely correlated with clinical severity. However, clinical expression of Covid-19 is extremely variable, with, in some cases, asymptomatic or mild forms [15] , while in other subjects severe forms culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been described, requiring patients to be transferred to Intensive Care Units. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the immunological profile of patients at early stages of Covid-19 in order to identify potential risk factors for subsequent clinical deterioration. We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study on patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department in Cannes General Hospital, from March to May 2020, with confirmed Covid-19 infection. In a population of elderly patients at a very early stage of Covid-19, we found that levels of CD10+ B lymphocyte cells were predictive of the clinical severity. cache = ./cache/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327169-sz4ildnd author = Mondoni, Michele title = Utility and safety of bronchoscopy during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy: a retrospective, multicenter study date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1346 sentences = 86 flesch = 42 summary = The primary aim of the present study was to describe the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swab(s) and a clinical and radiological suspicion of COVID-19 pneumonia. The indications of bronchoscopy were: -diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in patients with previously negative nasopharyngeal swab (clinical and radiological suspicion of pneumonia); -need for undelayable procedures in COVID-19 patients (e.g., massive hemoptysis, post-obstructive atelectasis). The diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy was calculated dividing the number of patients with a molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection following the collection of bronchoscopic specimens by the number of patients with a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. This is to our knowledge the largest study on the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swabs and a clinical/radiological suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Urgent/life-saving bronchoscopies were performed in 31 patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis for obstructive atelectasis, suspected concomitant lower respiratory tract infections, severe hemoptysis, suspected tracheal lacerations in patients mechanically ventilated, tracheostomy complications, and suspected concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis. cache = ./cache/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326971-jekqhslx author = Schnepper, Rebekka title = Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4958 sentences = 244 flesch = 52 summary = In this study, N = 65 participants that wanted to lose weight or develop a healthier eating behavior were randomized to either a 14-day self-compassion intervention arm or a waitlist control arm. Before and after the intervention phase, questionnaires on self-compassion, eating, dieting, health behavior, stress, and emotion regulation were completed and body weight was determined. Future studies should replicate these findings outside of the COVID-19 crisis and test the effect of self-compassion in samples with eating disorders or weight problems. Although a review showed beneficial effects of SC on eating behavior, body image, and weight loss (Rahimi-Ardabili et al., 2018) , previous studies suffered from several limitations like failing to include a control group (Pinto-Gouveia et al., 2019) , combining SC with other helpful components like mindfulness, yoga, and psychoeducation, or only assessing short-term effects. In this study, participant who wanted to lose weight or change their eating behavior received a 2-week, smartphonebased self-compassion intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327257-doygrgrc author = Zhu, Jocelyn title = Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3686 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = title: Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to stage lung disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on portable chest x-ray (CXR) with radiologist score of disease severity as ground truth. Deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict lung disease severity scores. In conclusion, deep-learning CNN accurately stages disease severity on portable chest x-ray of COVID-19 lung infection. This study tested the hypothesis that deep-learning convolutional neural networks accurately stage disease severity on portable chest x-rays using radiologists' severity scores as ground truths associated with COVID-19 lung infection. Deep-learning AI, specifically a convolutional neural network, is well suited to extract information from CXR and stage disease severity by training using chest radiologist determination of disease severity scores. In conclusion, deep-learning convolutional neural networks accurately stage lung disease severity on portable chest x-rays associated with COVID-19 lung infection. cache = ./cache/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327214-kcbxyhhh author = Eketunde, Adenike O title = A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2725 sentences = 139 flesch = 43 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread rapidly across the world. According to Merad and Martin's study, the hyper inflammation in severe COVID-19 patients shared similarities with cytokine release syndromes, including macrophages activation syndrome. Minimally invasive autopsies of three COVID-19 patients in Chongqing, China revealed damage to the alveolar structure with minor serous and fibrin exudation and hyaline membrane formation [8] . The hypercoagulable state has been linked to a poor prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19, which leads to a microthrombi formation in the lungs, lower limbs, hands, brain, heart, liver, and kidneys, as a result of the activation of the coagulation pathway. There is a strong association with the hyperinflammatory state, which can be explained by most of the signs and symptoms that are exhibited by COVID-19 patients, including most of the pathological findings. Fatal eosinophilic myocarditis in a healthy 17-year-old male with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) cache = ./cache/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327151-jn1w8h2p author = Walker, Kate F title = Maternal transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3707 sentences = 210 flesch = 58 summary = MAIN RESULTS: We included 49 studies which included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant's infection status. Many early reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, isolation of the neonate from the mother at birth and formula feeding. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they, were case reports or case series, of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection. These studies included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant's infection status. It is disappointing that the details of outcome and care of so many neonatal cases born to COVID-19 positive mothers have not been fully reported. Our data suggest that COVID-19 disease should not be an indication for Caesarean birth, formula feeding or isolation of the infant from the mother. Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review cache = ./cache/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327086-u3l8nr73 author = Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck title = Estradiol, Progesterone, Immunomodulation, and COVID-19 Outcomes date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4712 sentences = 214 flesch = 34 summary = Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019; E2, 17β-estradiol; ER, estrogen receptor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; ISARIC, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; P4, progesterone; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SERM, selective estrogen receptor modulator; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; Tregs, regulatory T cells. In most experimental human or rodent models, the anti-inflammatory actions of E2 on innate immunity includes the suppression of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, for example, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, by monocytes and macrophages (a major factor in the COVID-19 cytokine storm) and a strong inhibition of CCL2, thus preventing innate immune cells migration into inflamed areas, particularly neutrophils and monocytes. Taken together, these findings suggest that E2 and related SERMs have 2 potential protective mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-mediated pneumonias in mice: 1) an estrogen-dependent decrease in the deadly innate immune response and cytokine storm in the lungs, thus preventing respiratory failure, and 2) specific to SERMs, an off-target direct inhibition of SARS-CoV replication and cytopathic effects. cache = ./cache/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327242-g3pfc94x author = Nepomnyashchiy, Lyudmila title = COVID-19: Africa needs unprecedented attention to strengthen community health systems date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1607 sentences = 106 flesch = 57 summary = As the first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Liberia, in March, 2020, former President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 1 among others, 2 highlighted the need to adopt lessons learned from the response to the 2014-16 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, governments took swift action to institute lockdown measures, activate incident management response systems, and mobilise front-line health workers to be trained. 19 To its credit, Liberia, scarred from the Ebola outbreak, has been training its National Community Health Assistants to prevent, detect, and respond to COVID-19 while maintaining essential services and is in the process of procuring PPE for CHWs. 20 COVID-19 is the new public health backdrop and we cannot wait to strengthen community health systems. Community health workers during the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone Prevent, detect, respond: how community health workers can help in the fight against COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327232-oavox35v author = da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title = Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2145 sentences = 130 flesch = 57 summary = title: Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis This study aimed at analyzing the main psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals. The studies concluded this review process and in the event the researchers' decision was included, they would be assigned a table with the following extracted information: Author and Year, Sample, Country, Collection Instrument (Questionnaire) and main conclusion in the order they were found in the databases. The levels of depression and anxiety shown by health professionals was significantly higher during the outbreak (Xu et al., 2020) mainly due to stress, insomnia, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f fear of the disease and infectiousness (Lu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020b) . During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders, which were higher compared to other periods. cache = ./cache/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326961-ti6mrzxf author = Aly, Mariam Mohsen title = Impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Egyptian dentists’ fear and dental practice (a cross-sectional survey) date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2884 sentences = 159 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the fear of infection among Egyptian dentists practicing during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the dentist's knowledge about guidelines to fight the virus and to assess various modifications in dental practice. 7 Different practical guidelines were recommended for dental professionals by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Dental Association (ADA), and the WHO to control the spread of COVID-19 and like other contagious infections, these recommendations include personal protective equipment, hand washing, detailed patient evaluation, rubber dam isolation, anti-retraction handpiece, mouth rinsing before dental procedures, and disinfection of the clinic. This cross-sectional study assessed the fear of infection between Egyptian dentists practicing during the present COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their knowledge about guidelines to fight the virus and various modifications in dental practice through an online survey. cache = ./cache/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327284-j6cg7nf0 author = Meireles, André Luís Ferreira title = Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1478 sentences = 82 flesch = 33 summary = title: Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being indicated in treatment protocols of countries such as Brazil; however, a case report on an adult patient taking chloroquine for presumable reticular erythematous mucinosis indicated that the drug induced myasthenic syndrome, suggesting that the drug might affect neuromuscular junction transmission and might adversely affect children with myasthenia. Other important negative effects of social isolation in children and adolescents during a pandemic are in the area of mental health. Evidence shows the importance of physical rehabilitation for pediatric patients with chronic neurological conditions 14, 15 ; however, these activities must be interrupted during a pandemic. Although we will probably will not be able to see the real impact of social isolation on health of children with disabilities until after COVID-19 is gone, pediatric physical therapists must adapt in order to provide the best possible care during this complex social moment that our patients and families are enduring. cache = ./cache/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327397-8rxjju0t author = Zhang, H.-Y. title = A Multicentre Study of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outcomes of Cancer Patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3506 sentences = 264 flesch = 57 summary = Two previous case series from China have suggested that cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, but the reports were limited by small numbers and few clinical information. Conclusion: This study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. Here, we conducted a multicentre retrospective study to show the clinical information and outcomes of 67 cancer patients infected with COVID-19 in 1548 cases from four designated COVID-19 hospitals. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20037127 doi: medRxiv preprint proportion of all cancers; (2) 10 cases lung cancer patients were ongoing anticancer treatment, and they may have high risks of nosocomial infection and low immunity to SARS-CoV viral particles. As reported in previous studies, 4 15 16 male and older patients had a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was validated in our cancer cohort. This study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. cache = ./cache/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327028-dbvucvy3 author = Zhang, Cantong title = Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1898 sentences = 123 flesch = 40 summary = To reduce the case‐fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. Furthermore, we list a table to conclude the mechanism, advantages, and limitations for different treatments mentioned in this review (Table 2) The mechanism of remdesivir against the virus showed that the drug effectively inhibited the Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327388-26ot3cuy author = Lu, Amy title = The Tipping Point of Medical Technology: Implications for the Postpandemic Era date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2347 sentences = 125 flesch = 32 summary = Whereas classic infectioncontrol and public health measures were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, COVID-19 provides the opportunity to explore the potential of new digital technologies, including big data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things. 1 Among the many available digital technologies, O'Reilly-Shah et al 2 in this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia address not only the potential benefits but also the barriers to adopting health informatics for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes expanding our roles in telehealth platforms and remote monitoring and surveillance in the inpatient and outpatient settings, thereby adding significant value to the continuum of care through perioperative medicine. In the inevitable post-COVID pandemic era, what is the anesthesiologist's role in technology as our health care systems and other major stakeholders define the "new normal?" Is this our opportunity to take a legitimate seat at the table of state and national discussions on value-based care and population health management strategies using our understanding of the continuum of care from the preoperative phase through the postdischarge phase? cache = ./cache/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326989-l8nfd03a author = Cammarota, Gianmaria title = Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1308 sentences = 58 flesch = 43 summary = The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. While the general ICU were progressively converted to COVID-19 unit and the contingency plan was implemented, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other health care professionals, recruited from surgical teams, underwent a specific just-in-time training to improve technical skills in the application of PPE and in the clinical management of mechanically ventilated ARF patients. By addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis, a prompt response to the sudden request of IMV was provided, converting the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit and increasing the number of COVID-19 ICU beds by 107%. cache = ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327370-zo0n8wf6 author = Vadukul, Prakash title = Massive pulmonary embolism following recovery from COVID-19 infection: inflammation, thrombosis and the role of extended thromboprophylaxis date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3116 sentences = 189 flesch = 39 summary = We present the case of a patient with an initial presentation of COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring mechanical ventilation for nearly 2 weeks and total admission time of 3 weeks. 1 This case examines aspects of COVID-19 emphasising the increased thrombogenicity seen during infection and the potential need for extended anticoagulation following recovery particularly in those patients with severe illness and pre-existing risk factors. 18 Initial data suggest that patients with complicated COVID-19 infection have nearly three times the concentration of IL-6 compared with those exhibiting less severe disease. 24 The International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis suggests that prophylactic treatment with LMWH is prudent in all patients with COVID-19, particularly with severe disease or Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect extreme derangements in clotting parameters. 2 Compared with other populations, patients with COVID-19 appear to have higher incidences of VTE particularly with deranged clotting markers, critical care admission or reduced mobility. cache = ./cache/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327363-z30zoogs author = Neve, D. title = On Modeling of COVID-19 for the Indian Subcontinent using Polynomial and Supervised Learning Regression date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4311 sentences = 302 flesch = 62 summary = In the current analysis, COVID-19 modeling is done for the Indian subcontinent based on the data collected for the total cases confirmed, daily recovered, daily deaths, total recovered and total deaths. Then different regression models like Polynomial Regression, Forest Regression, Support Vector Regression, Naive Bayes, were used to predict the situation till September 7, 2020 and an optimal model was proposed. Regression models are statistical sets of processes which are used to estimate or predict the target or dependent variable based on dependent variables. In Figure 10 , we have applied Random Forest Regression between total confirmed cases and number of days. We apply machine learning models to data set for predicting future values. Naive Bayes regression failed due to less accuracy and Random Forest ended up overfitting the data set. Prediction of new active cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using multiple linear regression model Regression Model based COVID-19 outbreak predictions in India cache = ./cache/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327394-mwbmi88i author = Edwards, Jodi-Ann title = Lessons Learned at a COVID-19 designated hospital date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 911 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = The Department of Surgery implemented drastic changes to address the hospital's needs while remaining committed to the education of surgical residents. They ensured resident safety, continued surgical education, participation and contribution to the care of COVID-19 patients. (2) A Surgical Emergency Advanced Line Service (SEALS) team, composed of residents and a supervising attending, was assigned to assist with procedural solutions for all inpatients, including placement of arterial, central venous, dialysis, and midline catheters. (3) The remaining surgical residents were redeployed to the medical floors, emergency department and ICUs. Throughout redeployment, residents adhered to the ACGME Big Four governance under the Stage 3 Pandemic Emergency status: duty hour regulations, having faculty supervision, and adequate resources including PPE. Our procedure service (SEALS) allowed primary teams to focus on medical care without the burden of procedures and surgical residents to practice their skills and manage critically ill patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327403-adwj2xq7 author = Speth, Marlene M. title = Mood, anxiety and olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19: evidence of central nervous system involvement? date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3443 sentences = 201 flesch = 53 summary = The 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) and the 2‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD‐2) were used to measure depressed mood and anxiety level, respectively, at enrollment and for participants' baseline, pre‐COVID‐19 state. [1] [2] [3] COVID-19 has classically been described by symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath as well as constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and myalgias, 2,4,5 although more recent studies have described a myriad of other COVID-19 clinical manifestations including chemosensory dysfunction, i.e. decreased sense of smell and taste. We found that depressed mood and anxiety were positively associated with COVID-19 symptoms of decreased sense of smell and taste. 32 However, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and wide public recognition of the potential lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we report here that the severities of classic and worrisome symptoms of COVID-19-such as fever, cough or SOB-were not associated with emotional disturbance while chemosensory dysfunction was. cache = ./cache/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327415-nu1msnui author = Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette title = COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1729 sentences = 116 flesch = 62 summary = title: COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) Clinical description from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak reveals that most of 35 the patients have minor disease (minimal symptoms to influenza like illness) or pneumonia (1). These 136 signs were reported as the main symptoms in most cohorts with clinical description of COVID-19, 137 especially in patients with pneumonia and severely ill patients (5,9). However, compared with this 138 group, patients without COVID-19 pneumonia were more likely to report symptoms such as facial 139 headache, dysgeusia, anosmia, sore throat, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Patients with 156 COVID-19 pneumonia may become critically ill; more than a fifth of patients in group P were 157 transferred to ICU for ARDS with a mean duration of hospitalization in ICU of 12 days and a high 158 lethality as compared to the mortality described in China (7). cache = ./cache/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327181-z7uqmxki author = Nodora, Jesse N title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: Identifying Adaptive Solutions for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Underserved Communities date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4158 sentences = 216 flesch = 43 summary = We also recommend four CRC-specific calls to action: Establish COVID-adapted best practices to implement mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) programs; Implement grassroots advocacy to identify community gastroenterologists who commit to performing colonoscopies for CHC patients; Assess cancer prevention priorities among individuals in underserved communities; and Assess regional CRC screening and follow-up barriers and solutions. While findings from these brief interviews are extremely valuable, in depth patient-, provider-, and additional system-level data are urgently needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on CRC screening in the CHCs. At present, it is not possible to collect these data due to staff shortages and shifting of health care personnel to address the COVID-19 crisis. We also recommend four CRC-specific calls to action: Establish COVID-adapted best practices that address mailed FIT programs in CHCs; Implement grassroots advocacy to identify community gastroenterologists who commit to performing colonoscopies for CHC patients; Assess cancer prevention priorities among individuals in underserved communities; and Assess regional CRC screening and follow-up barriers and solutions. cache = ./cache/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327253-gge6wzly author = Villa, Simone title = Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1373 sentences = 86 flesch = 53 summary = 1 Beginning in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic was still largely limited to China, verbal and physical attacks against Chinese or people of Asian descent have been documented in many countries. 10 In contrary, uninfected COVID-19 people may be facing discrimination when applying for jobs in some countries that may implement COVID-19 passport strategies, despite recommendations of the World Health Organization against such a practice. This reactive behaviour facilitates spreading of infectious pathogens especially among those with mild symptoms who avoid seeking medical attention and act J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as usual not to raise suspicion on their condition. The world cannot bear a parallel pandemic of stigma, which only serves to boost the spread of infectious diseases and worsen people's health conditions and social behaviours. Noteworthy, individuals with COVID-19 may develop poor health-seeking behaviours (e.g. avoiding testing) because, by anticipating and fearing stigma, they may perceive the risk of losing their job and being marginalised in the society. cache = ./cache/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327349-rxb6zfoc author = Au, Lewis title = Cancer, COVID-19, and antiviral immunity: the CAPTURE study date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4531 sentences = 183 flesch = 32 summary = Inherent perturbations on cell subsets (e.g. lymphoid and myeloid malignancies), or therapy-induced impact on immune states (e.g. immune checkpoint blockade) may provide opportunities to understand contributions of distinct immune compartments and key regulators of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of knowledge to-date of the clinical features of COVID-19 observed in cancer patients, as well as potential impact of cancer and anti-cancer interventions on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. However, what has been critically missing in cohort and registry reports to date are data on 1) the true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cancer population, given population screening has not been widely implemented; and 2) the experience of those who remain well (uninfected, asymptomatic or subclinically affected), to determine the drivers of mortality and the absolute risks of severe adverse events within the cancer community as a whole. A longitudinal understanding of the degree to which the immunocompromised states of cancer patients impact infection, viral clearance, clinical course of COVID-19, and subsequent generation of long-term immunity is needed. cache = ./cache/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327504-4kf9mgy8 author = Sklar, David P. title = COVID-19: Lessons From the Disaster That Can Improve Health Professions Education date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2926 sentences = 119 flesch = 51 summary = In this Invited Commentary, I describe some characteristics of 3 earlier disasters, discuss some of the changes in medical education and health care that the COVID-19 pandemic has starkly revealed are needed, and explain what Academic Medicine can offer in such a confusing time, when unexpected events have thrown our plans off course, replacing them with new crises that demand our attention on a daily basis while every media outlet is competing for the newest health information. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. cache = ./cache/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327165-vlyfbiem author = Montorfano, Lisandro title = Colorectal surgery obesity-related morbidity during COVID-19 date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2350 sentences = 143 flesch = 45 summary = The purpose of this report was to present a case of acute large bowel perforation in a morbidly obese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia who received empiric Tocilizumab. The purpose of this case report was to analyze the risks of acute large bowel perforation after using Tocilizumab empirically for COVID-19 pneumonia in morbidly obese patients and discuss the appropriate management of this adverse event. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing bowel perforation in a critically ill COVID-19-positive patient receiving empiric Tocilizumab. Our patient received both medications before the acute large bowel perforation occurred, because she received empiric Tocilizumab for COVID-19 pneumonia and Dexamethasone for several days for pharyngeal edema. This case report describes a rare case of colonic perforation in a critically ill, morbidly obese patient with COVID-19 pneumonia on empiric Tocilizumab therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327432-ogw27tob author = Zhang, Feng-jian title = Expert Consensus on Nurses’ Human Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Different Sites date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3321 sentences = 146 flesch = 44 summary = Therefore, the experts were invited to develop a consensus on delivering human caring in different sites, thus to provide guideline for the human caring to COVID-19 patients as well as other similar infectious diseases during the whole process of treatment and recovery. Take away the left food and plates as soon as patients finish eating; (9) Keep the wards clean and warm, and ventilate and disinfect regularly; (10) Assist in or implement bed bath and other hygiene care for the patients to keep clean and comfortable; (11) Encourage the patients in the recovery rehabilitation and activities involvement, and express the appreciation for the patient cooperation; (12) Record the special caring needs or measures of patients on the whiteboard and handover between each shift; (13) Provide wake-up service for coma patients four times a day, and play audio materials with patients' favorite music, the blessing, and encouraging words from relatives, colleagues, and friends; (14) Provide detailed guidance on medication, isolation, condition report, and follow-up for discharged patients. cache = ./cache/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327578-9r1fxfn4 author = Bluro, Ignacio Martín title = ‘Cardiovascular Pandemic’ in Argentina date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1178 sentences = 80 flesch = 52 summary = However, this objective is far from being reached, and today the Argentine healthcare system is very fragmented: 60% of the population uses employer-based coverage, 30% accesses the public health system, and 10% obtained direct private coverage [11] . Even more alarming is the fact that half the people that required medical attention during this time did not consult a physician, and most of them did not do it due to fear or lack of access to the healthcare system. These data imply that, if controls of cardiovascular health remain unattended due to COVID-19 concerns, we can expect an increase of several thousand deaths from cardiovascular causes. Similarly, the Argentine Society of Cardiology produced a document declaring their position for the management of CVD during COVID-19, which includes concrete recommendations to ensure the continuity of the cardiovascular health management in a safe manner for healthcare providers and patients [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327486-hu1clc79 author = Cobianchi, Lorenzo title = To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 during the Transition Phase date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1693 sentences = 101 flesch = 51 summary = Addressing such topics now in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic may allow medical systems and surgical departments to become stronger in response to the challenges of the current situation, thereby develop antifragile strategies so that they will be better equipped to handle future unexpected challenges. The potential COVID-19 related risks of surgery should routinely be part of the informed consent process that every patient agrees to before hospital admission. In the Emergency Phase, the potential added risks of surgery if a patient is COVID-positive have been largely underrated due to the need for rapid decision making and the urgency of the surgery performed. Some members of the surgical staff in many departments were redeployed to the care of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the emergency phase. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 emergency must lead to new strategies for a substantial rearrangement of the routine surgical practice; ensuring that the quality standards and the safety of workers and patients are preserved. cache = ./cache/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11048 sentences = 600 flesch = 48 summary = The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARSand MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. Further research exploring the SARS-CoV-2 associated zoonosis and mechanisms accounting for its initial transmission from animals to humans, will lead to sort out the spread of this virus as well as design and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies to counter COVID-19. The present comprehensive manuscript presents an overview on COVID-19, an emerging SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease while focusing mainly on the events and circumstantial evidences with regards to this virus jumping the species barriers, sharing a few lessons learned from SARS-and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic spillover events (zoonosis), acquiring transmission ability to infect humans, and adopting appropriate preventive and control measures [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327442-e02y93f6 author = Kastritis, Efstathios title = Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4041 sentences = 173 flesch = 36 summary = Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. In such cases, a dysregulated immune response has been described, usually during the 2nd week of infection, characterized more often by T cell lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 cells) [5] , enhanced production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-1 and G-CSF [5] [6] [7] 18] , decreased production of antiviral type I and III interferons [17] and T cell exhaustion [17] .This "hyperinflammatory state" which is being referred to as "cytokine storm" shares certain clinical (high fever), laboratory (increased C-reactive protein-CRP, ferritin, serum IL-6 and D-dimer levels) and immunological (macrophage and T cell activation) features with the macrophage activation syndrome or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) seen in a subset of patients with infections (bacterial or viral), auto-immune or auto-inflammatory diseases (such as systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult Still's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus) and after CART cell therapy in patients with leukemia or lymphoma [19] [20] [21] . cache = ./cache/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author = M, Montero-Baladía title = Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1408 sentences = 112 flesch = 40 summary = Current evidence suggests that systemic hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation play a key role in the development of severe lung and multiorgan damage found in critically ill COVID-19 patients 2, 3, 4 . Patients eligible for etoposide treatment were older than 18 years, presented biochemical alterations suggestive of severe hyperinflammation (ferritin levels >1000 ng/ml and/or IL-6 values >50 pg/ml), ARDS (defined by PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300) and were not under mechanical ventilation. These preliminary results on 11 patients confirmed the safety and efficacy of etoposide as adjunctive salvage treatment for critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients, exhibiting systemic hyperinflammation and previously treated with corticosteroids and interleukin inhibitors. In this preliminary experience, salvage treatment with etoposide in adjunction to immunosuppressants resulted in overall favorable outcome of a small cohort of severely ill COVID-19 ARDS patients presenting with systemic hyperinflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327481-m9r0p84v author = Duployez, Nicolas title = Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3854 sentences = 191 flesch = 45 summary = The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., orotracheal intubation (OTI)) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Here, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring OTI). In this report, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants, in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring orotracheal intubation (OTI) in the intensive care unit (ICU)) at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille, France). The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., OTI) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327511-e3idvknz author = Trifan, G. title = Characteristics of a Diverse Cohort of Stroke Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Outcome by Sex date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3482 sentences = 233 flesch = 52 summary = CONCLUSION: In this cohort of SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients, most had clinical evidence of coronavirus infection on admission and preexisting VRFs. Severe in-hospital complications and worse outcomes after ischemic strokes were higher in males, than females. In this cohort of SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients, most had clinical evidence of coronavirus infection on admission and preexisting VRFs. Severe in-hospital complications and worse outcomes after ischemic strokes were higher in males, than females. In this multicenter study of patients with stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to comprehensive stroke centers in the Chicagoland area, males were more likely than females to have severe COVID-19 manifestations and worse ischemic stroke outcome at hospital discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327543-kibjwfad author = Ong, S. J. title = SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1491 sentences = 83 flesch = 51 summary = title: SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure To address the above problem, a low-cost physical barrier was designed and developed for use within the MRI machine that could produce a localised negativepressure containment area around the patient's head. Hence, use of this helmet would effectively provide frontline healthcare staff and patients with an added layer of protection against airborne pathogens. The image quality of MRI examinations was not affected by scanning with the helmet on. Highlights: 1 • Low cost reusable acrylic and silicone rubber barrier shield design 2 • Localised negative pressure environment simulating isolation rooms 3 • Does not affect MRI image quality even on the most sensitive sequences 4 • Additional personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals Rapid expansion of temporary, reliable airborne-infection isolation rooms with negative air machines for critical COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327301-5eko4htz author = Li, Yang title = Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3395 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The present study indicates that infected preschool children have different clinical symptoms and CT imaging findings from those of adults. The present findings indicate that the chest CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children differ from those in adults. The early-stage imaging features of preschool children are not typical, mainly presenting consolidations, while the most common early-stage CT feature in adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is the GGO distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or the dorsolateral and subpleural part of the lungs [12] . In summary, the chest CT imaging features and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various, and are relatively mild or moderate compared with adult patients. cache = ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327360-4qpk99x9 author = Elsawah, Hozaifa Khalil title = Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐severe COVID‐19 patients; systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3182 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = The objectives are to summarize efficacy of HCQ use in COVID-19 relative to control based on available clinical trials indicated by all possible improvements of the disease This article is protected by copyright. There are three types of variables; 1) independent variable is HCQ therapy, 2) dependent variables include viral clearance in the pharyngeal swab, clinical progression (increase in the baseline severity), radiological progression, adverse effects, and mortality, 3) confounders include usual treatment that varied among studies, age, sex, disease onset, and different HCQ doses. The present meta-analysis targeted non-severe COVID-19 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of HCQ based on the available evidence. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A review and a debate based on available clinical trials/case studies cache = ./cache/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327438-c5gzlfwi author = Mui, Leonora W. title = Thromboembolic complications of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2591 sentences = 144 flesch = 39 summary = Although COVID-19 was initially regarded as a pulmonary illness causing significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly and in those with underlying medical conditions, experience in New York-an early epicenter of COVID-19 in the USA-found that a significant percentage of younger patients less than 50 presented with moderate to severe symptoms requiring hospitalizations [1] . This case series highlights the thromboembolic complications affecting younger patients less than age 65, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, right ventricular thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and aortic thrombosis with leg ischemia. On hospital day 5, because of persistent hypoxemia despite receiving supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather, chest CTA was performed which revealed extensive ground-glass and patchy airspace opacities typical of COVID-19 pneumonia, bilateral lower lobe segmental pulmonary emboli, and right ventricular thrombus (Fig. 3) . In moderate to severe cases of COVID-19, thrombotic complications have emerged in infected patients, as was seen with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003 [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327586-06r1ifuy author = Zhao, Yue title = Atypical Computed Tomography Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2250 sentences = 103 flesch = 47 summary = Methods The clinical and chest CT imaging data of 16 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients with atypical CT presentations were selected for analysis and review. To further improve the radiographic J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f examination and diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients, this study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 16 patients and selected 6 patients with atypical CT presentations for analysis. A third CT examination was performed on days 6-9, and there were 2 cases of dissipated single subpleural lesions; 1 case of dissipation and reduction of lesions in the lateral basal segment of the lower right lung than that observed before, with a new reticular opacity in the medial basal segment and a small amount of ground-glass opacity; and 1 case of bilateral multiple linear opacities on initial CT examination after transfer from an outside hospital at day 7 after disease onset. cache = ./cache/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327616-uu9uygic author = Wazny, Vanessa title = Vascular underpinning of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6970 sentences = 359 flesch = 33 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case study reports have called attention to the overrepresentation of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to respiratory diseases, among patients at risk of critical illness and mortality following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Initial concerns were also raised regarding the medical treatment of hypertension with adverse COVID-19 outcomes, as studies in animals have shown that the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers result in the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which is an entry factor for SARS-CoV-2 [13] . Collectively, these case reports of confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients strongly indicate a strong association between underlying cardiovascular diseases and diabetes with severe health outcomes and fatality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19 research, nasal and alveolar epithelial cells are generally believed to be the primary sites of viral infection due to the high expressions of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors [51] . cache = ./cache/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327575-5pcnuqgy author = Morrisette, Taylor title = The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5447 sentences = 233 flesch = 45 summary = The objective of this review was to describe the current understanding of the PK/PD and dose selection of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, discuss knowledge gaps, and identify future studies that are needed to optimize the efficacy and safety of treatments against COVID-19. Although studies completed thus far show variable results, Arshad and colleagues performed a large multicenter, retrospective, observational analysis that evaluated patients hospitalized because of a COVID-19-related admission receiving HCQ 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by HCQ 200 mg twice daily on days 2 to 5 [14] [15] [16] [17] . Furthermore, the World Health Organization discontinued the HCQ arm in the Solidarity trial because it showed ''little or no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients when compared to standard of care'' (HCQ dosed 800 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by HCQ 400 mg twice daily for a total of 10 days), and the Food and Drug Administration revoked the emergency use authorization to utilize HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 [16] [17] [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327607-g0jtrwot author = Weinberg, Marc Scott title = Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4312 sentences = 169 flesch = 39 summary = Here we describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path towards discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders. Here we describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path towards discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders. While some of the same challenges limiting safety / biomarker visits also apply to in-person clinical and cognitive scale administration, there is already a literature base providing at least provisional support for the validity and reliability of performing assessments via tele-neuropsychology (TeleNP), including in older adults (e.g., [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . cache = ./cache/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327628-fl8dyahe author = Yuan, Qi title = Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2940 sentences = 149 flesch = 54 summary = The three-month period of continuous field observations for aerosol particles and gaseous pollutants, which extended from January 2020 to March 2020, covered urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas in the typical megacity of Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. Note that this public health emergency not only locked down people in the community but stopped the operation of the public traffic system and industry machine, which caused a short-term regional reduction of air pollutant emissions from vehicles and some industries in China (Huang et al., 2020b; Shi and Brasseur, 2020; The strictest nationwide restrictions for preventing the COVID-19 spread greatly reduced the primary emissions and weakened the regional transport effect of air pollutants due to the large-scale regional decrease in the primary pollution (Huang et al., 2020b; Zhang et al., 2020b) . During the observation period, the daily average mass concentrations of PM 10 , concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO x , and CO at the urban site were higher than those at the urban-industry and suburban sites (Table S2) , which suggests that vehicle emissions was the major source of air pollutants in the urban area. cache = ./cache/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327600-xa6uibi8 author = Roland, Lauren T. title = In Reply: Challenges in interpreting the diagnostic performance of symptoms to predict COVID‐19 status: the case of anosmia date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 797 sentences = 65 flesch = 50 summary = The research done to date regarding olfactory dysfunction as a disease predictor was performed during the outbreak and ongoing evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. 1,2 Early work was valuable in drawing attention to the common symptoms of COVID-19 presentation in the setting of limited testing access and enhancing advocacy for adequate personal protective equipment. For example, rapid antigen detection for influenza testing has also been shown to be limited by the timing of testing in relation to symptoms. 2. While the authors focus on the single symptom of anosmia for predicting COVID-19, several of the included studies evaluated multiple symptoms as predictors. 3. As we move into influenza season, more work can be done to improve our understanding of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 as compared to other viral infections. Again, we thank the authors for their comments and caution regarding interpretation of the COVID-19 literature on anosmia based on disease prevalence with respect to time and location. cache = ./cache/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327544-7ws2kleo author = Hammoumi, Aayah title = Impact assessment of containment measure against COVID-19 spread in Morocco date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3924 sentences = 247 flesch = 54 summary = Since the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Morocco on March, 02,2020, the cumulative number of reported infectious cases continues to increase and, up to date, the peak-time of infection is not reached yet. In this study, we propose a Susceptible-Asymptomatic-Infectious deterministic model to evaluate the impact of compulsory containment imposed in Morocco on March, 21 on the spread of COVID-19 epidemic across the country. Since the containment measure started 19 days since the first reported case then the model equations without containment is defined for 0 ≤ t < t 0 := 19 as follows Here, we assume that confined asymptomatic and confined unreported individuals can still spread the virus to their families. We used reported infectious case data, from March 2nd to April 9th, 2020, provided by the Health Ministry of Morocco to parameterize the model. cache = ./cache/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327631-mqr5fd40 author = Sullivan, Amy B title = The COVID-19 Crisis: A Mental Health Perspective and Response Using Telemedicine date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3709 sentences = 181 flesch = 49 summary = This article addresses the procedural changes necessary in our enterprise (The Cleveland Clinic) to address mental health needs as we transition our services to telehealth and virtual visits for our frontline providers and clinical work with patients, including group visits and provision of supervision for psychology trainees. This was a vital shift in policy as a means to slow the spread of the virus, keeping people at home, while also being able to provide appropriate services to patients, particularly mental health treatment (to review the full document, go to CMS.gov). It is likely this pandemic will impact this population in a unique way and our team is passionate about caring for our patients' mental health concerns at this time. Due to the federal, Ohio state of emergency and the need for ongoing mental health services, the following visit was completed *** (virtually or via telephone) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327653-2gn9h4i2 author = Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário title = The challenges of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Amazonian communities and the importance of seroepidemiological surveillance studies date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1721 sentences = 74 flesch = 36 summary = Since the elimination of beta-coronavirus circulation requires a minimum herd immunity (indications 50-66%) [7] , the information for which is still unknown at the local, national or global levels, conducting seroepidemiological and surveillance studies on SARS-CoV-2 in geographic areas such as the Amazon is extremely important, as it will allow for the assessment of the prevalence and titre of antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2, mortality and case fatality rates and the epidemiological aspects of risk of exposure in communities from different population strata, such as riberinhos (riverain communities), quilombola (Afro-descendant communities) and indigenous peoples, providing an improvement in the decisionmaking of future epidemics. cache = ./cache/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327629-ep28ay11 author = Herron, J.B.T. title = Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1172 sentences = 74 flesch = 53 summary = authors: Herron, J.B.T.; Dennis, J.; Brennan, P.A. title: Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic Antibody testing has rapidly been deployed but it is creating challenges for staff and patients. Mask use has come to the forefront and human factor (HF) strategies must be examined to reduce risk associated with lack of engagement from both healthcare staff and patients. Suggested plans have included developing a cohort of immune staff to care for COVID-19 patients allowing for a relaxation of overstretched personal protection equipment (PPE) resources. Masks reduce nosocomial spread and are important, particularly for healthcare staff (19) . For the antibody test, even after the exact nature of protection is determined, basic public health measures are not forgotten and that staff feel able to challenge those in more authoritative positions regarding PPE. Personal protective equipment and Covid 19-a risk to healthcare staff? cache = ./cache/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327595-00fxzyhq author = nan title = American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3214 sentences = 164 flesch = 52 summary = This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. ALFs, other congregate living settings (eg, NHs, residential care facilities for older adults, continuing care retirement communities), and home healthcare agencies (eg, Visiting Nurse Association) must be included as priorities when estimating what is needed for the US coordinated response to COVID-19. For older adults residing in ALFs and other congregate living settings, screening for COVID-19 will be particularly important for protecting the health and safety of their communities. This includes the ability to isolate or cohort the resident(s) separately from the rest of the community and provide dedicated staff to meet increased care needs for people with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327697-80msva10 author = Sarı, Cenk title = The outcomes of the postulated interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system on the clinician’s attitudes toward hypertension treatment date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3552 sentences = 180 flesch = 46 summary = Concern has arisen about the role played in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). In the first half of 2020, it was speculated that angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may make patients more susceptible to COVID-19 disease and lead to worse outcomes. Observational studies have reported that patients taking ACE-i/ARBs treatment are at increased risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV2 and developing severe forms of COVID-19 disease. The strategy for repeating therapy was the same in all physicians, and the practice of starting new ACE-i/ARBs reported by the cardiologists was statistically different from that of both internal medicine and family medicine/general practitioners (8.0 ± 4 vs 8.0 ± 4 vs 9.0 ± 3, p < 0.05) ( Table 2) . The present survey is the first study to have provided a snapshot showing behaviors of Turkish physicians toward prescribing ACE-i/ARBs treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-327697-80msva10.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327697-80msva10.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327622-ezgufe24 author = Kaur, Ramandeep title = Practical strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission to healthcare professionals providing respiratory care to patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6333 sentences = 355 flesch = 43 summary = • When removing the endotracheal tube, simultaneously turn off the ventilator • Avoid disconnecting ETT from the ventilator circuit before extubation to reduce spray of contaminated aerosols 9 Transport • Place a filter between the artificial airway and the transport ventilator circuit • Use HME that has filter function (HME-F) • Consider clamping the ETT before disconnection from ventilator circuit 10 Bronchoscopy assist* 2 in vivo [44, 45] • For spontaneously breathing patients, place a surgical mask on patient's face (Fig. 7a, b) • Use NIV mask with examination port for patients on NIV (Fig. 7d) • Use swivel adapter to insert bronchoscope for intubated patient (Fig. 7c) Abbreviations: HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing, HME heat moisture exchanger, ETT endotracheal tube, NIV non-invasive ventilation *Based on CDC guidelines, these procedures should ideally be performed in airborne infection isolation rooms entrainment or nonrebreather mask [53] . cache = ./cache/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327632-2hz94uuw author = Lv, Na title = Management of oral medicine emergencies during COVID-19: A study to develop practice guidelines date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2811 sentences = 165 flesch = 43 summary = During the lockdown period, digital technologies, such as video conferencing with Zoom, Google Meeting or WhatsApp, are useful and efficient tools that oral medicine practitioners could consider to use for patient triage, managing emergencies, reassure, and follow patients remotely. Some diseases and conditions are considered to be oral medicine emergencies such as exacerbation of pemphigus or pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, mucositis and giant cell arteritis. Furthermore, during this stressful period, some oral mucosal diseases or orofacial pain problems may represent urgencies, not true emergencies; hence digital technology such as video conferencing might be a reasonable option when evaluating these cases. Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic has been developed in several countries, 8 however, guideline for the management of oral medicine emergency is still scarce. It is recommended for large centres to have their oral medicine specialists and video conferencing software available for triaging and remote assistance during COVID-19 period. cache = ./cache/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327764-4nlg26p5 author = Sun, Da-wei title = The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: a sentinel? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5144 sentences = 232 flesch = 48 summary = However, the underlying changes of other peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known, especially eosinophil level and lymphocyte subsets. When compared with patients in recovery phase, patients in acute phase suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes (1.383±0.442 On the contrary, 7 patients developed respiratory failure and used mechanical ventilation during the treatment, which were defined as cases with aggravation. Based on these background along with the decrease of multiple PBICs in COVID-19 patients, we hypothesized that neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes migrate from peripheral blood into the lung tissue, resulting in neutropenia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia in peripheral blood, as well as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. In another study based on 44 patients, lymphocyte subsets analyzed results showed that the total number of B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in the whole group, and this decrease became more evident in the cases of severe type when compared with non-severe type (743.6/uL vs 1020.1/uL; P =0.032) [19] . cache = ./cache/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327650-6afsk8ix author = Ward, Jeremy K. title = The French public's attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4345 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = However, other differences were observed as people with an educational level under the High School degree, those with a low or intermediate level of household income per consumption unit (HICU), and those feeling close to a Far-Right party, were more numerous to be certain they would refuse the vaccine. Also, people who did not feel close to any party and did not vote at the last presidential campaign were more likely to refuse the coronavirus vaccine following one main reason: they thought that a vaccine produced in a rush is too dangerous. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the effect of politicization on attitudes to vaccines in France, one of the most vaccine-hesitant countries in the world ( politicization in vaccine hesitancy has mostly been studied in the United States of America where political polarization has increasingly become an object of concern in the past 10 years. cache = ./cache/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327652-tn29r8lj author = Fretheim, Atle title = Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020 date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1590 sentences = 97 flesch = 50 summary = In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. While keeping up with scientific developments is challenging also under normal circumstances, the combination of uncertainties in dealing with a novel virus and a huge outpour of research papers dealing with COVID-19, many of them not peer-reviewed, made it particularly challenging to provide evidence-informed guidance, either to the public, health services or policymakers. In addition, systematic reviews on COVID-19-related topics were likely to become rapidly outdated, given the large number of new study reports published daily. Being a national public health institute with responsibilities for infectious diseases prevention and response, as well as having the role as the national centre for evidence-based healthcare, meant that the competence and tools to develop the rapid reviews were available within the organisation. cache = ./cache/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327770-4u250y8x author = Bajwa, Ali title = What the papers say date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1728 sentences = 86 flesch = 42 summary = The authors designed this study to identify key biomarkers and immune infiltration in the synovial tissue of OA by bioinformatics analysis. The authors thus concluded that the hub genes and the difference in immune infiltration in synovial tissue between OA and normal controls might provide new insight for understanding OA development. PARADIGMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC The authors from Singapore [6] report that the timing of surgery for orthopaedic injuries continues to evolve, as an improved understanding of biology, healing and technological advances continues to challenge historical norms. With the growing COVID-19 pandemic that is stretching limited healthcare resources, postponing surgery becomes an inevitable and unenviable task for most orthopaedic surgeons. The authors conclude that most of the soft-tissue orthopaedic injuries can be managed with outpatient ambulatory surgery in a semi-elective setting. Time-sensitive ambulatory orthopaedic soft-tissue surgery paradigms during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327720-m6cofbj6 author = Chakrabarti, Amitabha title = Understanding the practice of thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2771 sentences = 148 flesch = 47 summary = The guidelines, consensus statements, and preliminary recommendations published by the thoracic surgeons so far have appreciated the importance of triage of patients with thoracic surgical diseases and multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. As a result, proper triaging, ensuring safety of patient and health care personnel, and optimal utilization of the available resources remain the cornerstone while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 COVID-19 guidance for triage of operations for thoracic malignancies: a consensus statement from thoracic surgery outcomes research network [2] 2 Preliminary recommendations for lung surgery during COVID-19 epidemic period [3] 3 General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic [ Besides, we have also reviewed the outcome of the survey of thoracic surgical practices among surgeons of Europe, Asia, and South America, conducted by the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327779-lt3t4shi author = Gilad, Vered title = Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Italy: A Physician’s Experience and Insights date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2308 sentences = 106 flesch = 39 summary = This perspective piece focuses on the main challenges faced by Italian hospital managements: hospital overcrowding; the need for urgent reorganization of the country's healthcare systems; the lack of data regarding COVID-19 diagnostics, clinical course, and effective treatment; individual and collective consequences of the crisis; and the importance of disease containment measures and early treatment strategies. 9 The main factors associated with stress disorders included supporting the challengingly high number of critically ill patients, scarcity of intensive care beds, unfamiliar treatment strategies, feelings of inadequacy, uncertainty about pandemic duration, the risk of infection and deficiency of personal protective equipment, high-workload shifts, and physical distress related to the need to use heavy protective uniforms. In view of the importance of identifying patients in the early stages of disease, an open letter signed by more than 100,000 Italian doctors was sent to the Italian Ministry of Health, asking for a strengthening of community assistance and the telemedicine infrastructure to allow home surveillance and care of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327906-m00ua3x1 author = Pantanetti, Paola title = Potential role of incretins in diabetes and COVID-19 infection: a hypothesis worth exploring date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1849 sentences = 90 flesch = 42 summary = Patients with diabetes mellitus have been reported to be at a high risk of complications from SARS-CoV2 virus infection (COVID-19). This altered immune profile may induce important clinical consequences, including increased susceptibility to lung infections; and enhanced local inflammatory response. We briefly review the impact on the inflammatory system of DPP4 for its possible detrimental effect on COVID-19 syndrome, and of DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), currently used as glucose lowering agents, which may have the potential to exert positive pleiotropic effect on inflammatory diseases, in addition to their effects on glucose metabolism. In particular, diabetes, renal failure, cardiac, respiratory, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension, have all been shown to predispose patients to more complicated clinical pictures with consequent increase in risk for lethal outcomes [2, 3] . Previous studies have shown that diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections, in particular flu and pneumonia. Numerous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are extremely high in subjects with severe/critical COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327787-vlbpijqg author = Casalino, Giuseppe title = Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 505 sentences = 30 flesch = 49 summary = Conjunctivitis seems to be a rare clinical finding among patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 since it has been reported in <1% of the overall cases in China [3] . The importance of recognizing possible early ocular manifestation of COVID-19, as well as using protective eyewear among healthcare professionals, has already been outlined in recent editorials [5] [6] [7] . The present case outlines the importance of questioning patients presenting with conjunctivitis about respiratory and other systemic symptoms which should prompt clinicians to rule out COVID-19 infection. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear These authors contributed equally: Giuseppe Casalino, Gaspare MonacoAcknowledgements We thank all the colleagues and allied health professionals supporting our Eye Emergency Department and the other wards of the hospital during this difficult time of pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327963-dqsg84e5 author = Tang, Suqin title = Mental Health and Its Correlates among Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 School Closure: The Importance of Parent-Child Discussion date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5145 sentences = 249 flesch = 49 summary = Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed. To address these gaps in the literature, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and levels of life satisfaction, among children and adolescents experiencing home quarantine and school closure in Shanghai due to COVID-19. Positive screens and symptom levels for depression, anxiety, and stress were higher among those who were more negative about the impact of home quarantine and who had no discussion about the COVID-19 with their parents. In order to further explore how children and adolescents' intrapersonal perception on the impact of quarantine, interpersonal interaction with parents regarding COVID-19, and the interaction effects between perceived beneficial and parent-child discussion in association with the severity of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as levels of life satisfaction, were examined. cache = ./cache/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327842-5h54azyy author = Ertan, Deniz title = COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 202 flesch = 49 summary = Several countries have reported a significant increase in domestic violence cases since the COVID-19-induced lockdowns and physical distancing measures were implemented. The COVID-19 health crisis is exacerbating another pre-existing public health problem by increasing the severity and frequency of domestic violence, thus demonstrating the need to adopt significant and long-term measures. METHODS: This paper describes preventive measures and action plans to combat violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the United Nations Women policy brief, a significant increase in violence against women and children (VAWC) cases has been reported in several countries since the COVID-19-induced lockdown and physical distancing measures have been implemented (UN Women, 2020) . In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the confinement measures may have amplified this increased risk of VAWC. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preventive measures and action plans to combat domestic violence. cache = ./cache/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327894-b0bsseui author = Pecellín, Lidia Gestoso title = Recomendaciones y uso de los diferentes tipos de test para detección de infección por SARS-COV-2 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4897 sentences = 446 flesch = 56 summary = En respuesta a la COVID-19, el gobierno español inicialmente instó a limitar el contacto social como medida general, sin embargo, otros países, además, implementaron pruebas generalizadas para la infección por SARS-COV-2 desde el principio de la pandemia. Son test sencillos de hacer, pero deben ser interpretados con prudencia, en relación con el curso de la infección, sobre todo por la tasa de falsos negativos en la detección de IgM ya que la respuesta de IgM en un enfermo COVID-19 puede tardar en aparecer desde varios días a dos semanas 21 Algunos estudios han mostrado que durante los primeros 7 días desde el inicio de síntomas, menos de un 40% de pacientes presentan anticuerpos IgM detectables. cache = ./cache/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327413-zdbnoy1q author = Bendjelid, Karim title = Hemodynamic monitoring of Covid-19 patients. Classical methods and new paradigms date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1311 sentences = 74 flesch = 42 summary = 1 reported an international survey examining hemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID19 Intensive Care patients 1 . Interestingly, when analysing the data, the authors found that the majority of COVID-19 ICU patients required vasopressor support, with certain changes in cardiac function patterns warranting echocardiographic monitoring. Compared to previous large international surveys published in 2015 4,10 , the current report shows that cardiac output monitoring and FR indexes have been largely used for the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients admitted for COVID-19. "Simple" tools like respiratory-induced variations in diameter of the inferior vena cava are very popular, but have limited accuracy in predicting FR due to numerous false positive or false negative cases, both in ventilated and non-ventilated ICU patients [12] [13] [14] [15] . Haemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID-19 intensive care patients: an International survey cache = ./cache/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327776-bxpay7ic author = Sayari, Arash J. title = Personal Health of Spine Surgeons Can Impact Perceptions, Decision-Making and Healthcare Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Worldwide Study date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3696 sentences = 186 flesch = 44 summary = Questions addressed demographics, impacts and perceptions of COVID-19, and the presence of surgeon comorbidities, which included cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, respiratory illness, renal disease, and current tobacco use. When grouped by number of comorbidities in the multivariate regression model, spine surgeons with more comorbidities were more likely to cite personal health as a current stressor (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.63; p = 0.09) and more likely to be performing elective surgery (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.71; p = 0.030), though also perceived their hospital's management unfavorably (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.91; p = 0.005), were less likely to currently use telecommunication clinical visits (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.00; p = 0.05), and would less likely warn their patients of a personnel COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93; p = 0.010) ( Table 6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327827-oliw4ee5 author = Sweid, Ahmad title = Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1050 sentences = 73 flesch = 51 summary = 1, 2 The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. 3, 4 Additionally, epidemiological data demonstrated increased mortality due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during flu pandemics due to a hypercoagulable state. 5, 6 The triad of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2, induction of hypercoagulable state, [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] and the inhibition of ACE2 blocking the formation of Angiotensin (1-7) serve as the pathophysiology for neurovascular insults. 3, 4 We present a case series of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from 2 health systems developing cerebrovascular insult. Fourteen patients were identified with the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insult and COVID-19 infection. Medical charts were queried for baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, duration between COVID-19 symptoms and the neurological manifestation, cerebrovascular insult, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at presentation, procedure details, and mortality. Moreover, cerebrovascular insult was the primary manifestation of COVID-19 in patients who did not have the fulminant virus manifestations present. cache = ./cache/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327886-vvm1gfku author = Burstyn, Igor title = Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4613 sentences = 237 flesch = 52 summary = title: Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA The aim of our work was to better quantify misclassification errors in identification of true cases of COVID-19 and to study the impact of these errors in epidemic curves using publicly available surveillance data from Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA. METHODS: We examined time-series data of laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, the causal agent for COVID-19, to try to explore, using a Bayesian approach, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. Thus, we pursued two specific aims: (a) to develop a Bayesian method to attempt to learn from publicly available time-series of COVID-19 testing about Sn and Sp of the laboratory tests and (b) to conduct a Monte Carlo (probabilistic) sensitivity analysis of the impact of the plausible extent of this misclassification on bias in epidemic curves. cache = ./cache/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328039-xt17gvcp author = Olson, Michael C. title = RadioGraphics Update: Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability in the Abdomen and Pelvis—Findings in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1625 sentences = 84 flesch = 33 summary = Several recent studies have explored the link between COVID-19 and hypercoagulability, with early investigations suggesting that the most common laboratory test result abnormalities include elevated d-dimer levels and mild thrombocytopenia (2) . This cytokine cascade can ultimately yield extensive cell damage, necrosis, and injury to multiple organs (14, 19) and may partially explain the disparate multisystem symptoms in patients In a recent study, lungs obtained at autopsy in patients who died from COVID-19 demonstrated distinctive vascular features, including severe endothelial injury associated with intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes, as well as extensive thrombosis, microangiopathy, alveolar capillary microthrombi, and more new vessel growth or angiogenesis compared with those lungs obtained at autopsy from patients who died from influenza (17) . The results from the previously described studies indicate that in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, radiologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for thromboembolic complications. cache = ./cache/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327821-c6ncyge7 author = Rosemary HM Lim, Dr title = The experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers with medication management during the COVID-19 pandemic. date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2965 sentences = 185 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: An interpretivist/constructivist research paradigm was used; semi-structured one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with any member of the community pharmacy team who had been involved in providing medication services to people with dementia in England before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided a unique and important first insights to our understanding of how the community pharmacy team in England supported people with dementia and their family carers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical research on the experiences of the community pharmacy team in providing medication services to people with dementia and their carers in England during the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. The study provided a unique and important first insights to our understanding of how the community pharmacy team in England respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, specific to the provision of medication services to people with dementia and their informal carers. cache = ./cache/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328053-urw0ry2n author = Mira, Estefanía title = Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 167 sentences = 23 flesch = 52 summary = key: cord-328053-urw0ry2n authors: Mira, Estefanía; Yarce, Oscar A.; Ortega, Consuelo; Fernández, Silvia; Pascual, Natalia M.; Gómez, Cristina; Alvarez, Miguel A.; Molina, Ignacio J.; Lama, Rafael; Santamaria, Manuel title: Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.046 sha: doc_id: 328053 cord_uid: urw0ry2n The Clinical 147 Observation of a CVID Patient Infected with COVID-19 A 150 possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with 151 agammaglobulinemia Two X-154 linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 Functional exhaustion 158 of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute 162 Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe 166 COVID-19 T cell exhaustion during persistent viral 168 infections Development of passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 171 for management of immunodeficient patients -a perspective cache = ./cache/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327989-6p39cx2e author = Everaert, Bert title = Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1985 sentences = 110 flesch = 45 summary = 2 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, presenting with elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin I levels had a higher frequency of complications such as ARDS (58.5% vs. All rights reserved risk factors or pre-existing coronary artery disease are at high risk during this COVID-19 pandemic and that cardiac injury is an important predictor of adverse outcomes. As with other viral conditions such as influenza and SARS-CoV 4 , direct myocardial infection of the virus can lead to an acute form of viral myocarditis (1 in 3 patients presenting with SARS during the Toronto outbreak). the aforementioned New York study, true obstructive myocardial infarctions do occur, as many patients with COVID-19 present with underlying cardiovascular disease or cardiac risk factors. 11 Moreover, in animal studies of SARS-CoV-1 and ARDS, ACE2 as well as ARB treatment (losartan) improved the acute lung injury 12, 13 and clinical studies in COVID-19 patients with these agents are currently active and recruiting patients (NCT04287686 and NCT04312009 or NCT04311177, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327976-pwe95zoi author = Singh, Dr Shweta title = Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5022 sentences = 268 flesch = 48 summary = This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed. cache = ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327924-q29lgopf author = Johnson, Jared title = The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fellowship Training: A National Survey of Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 124 flesch = 40 summary = CONCLUSION: Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. By conducting a web-based survey of all pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors, our study looked to gain a better understanding of the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on current and future pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training, as well as how the application process was impacted this past year. Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows' surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows' surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. cache = ./cache/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327836-6o66a4i5 author = Zuily, S title = Thrombose artérielle et veineuse au cours du COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2180 sentences = 220 flesch = 61 summary = Wahl Université de Lorraine, Inserm, DCAC et CHRU de Nancy, Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Centre de Compétences Régional Maladies Rares Vasculaires, Institut Lorrain Louis Mathieu, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France s.zuily@chru-nancy.fr Dès le début du mois de mars 2020, la problématique de la thrombose veineuse au cours COVID-19 s'est rapidement imposée comme un défi médical majeur puisqu'un taux significatif de patients thrombosaient dont certains malgré une anticoagulation préventive bien conduite. Il est important de noter que jusqu'à un tiers de ces ETEV sont diagnostiqués à l'admission et que les patients admis en réanimation avec une embolie pulmonaire (EP) ont cinq fois plus de chance de mourir que ceux n'ayant pas de thrombose [8] . De la même manière que pour les SCA, l'incidence des nouveaux cas a chuté et l'absence de données scientifiques incite à adopter les mêmes attitudes médicamenteuses qu'avec les patients sans COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328113-eczjjc2v author = D’Alessandro, Angelo title = Serum Proteomics in COVID-19 Patients: Altered Coagulation and Complement Status as a Function of IL-6 Level date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4662 sentences = 237 flesch = 40 summary = Subjects seen at Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York−Presbyterian Hospital included 33 COVID-19-positive patients, as determined by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing of nasopharyngeal swabs; in this group, the severity of the disease was inferred from serum levels of IL-6, which were determined by CLIAcertified ELISA-based measurements. Sera of COVID-19 patients, especially those with IL-6 levels >10 pg/mL, contained increased levels of multiple proteins in the acute phase response that is initiated by IL-6specifically components of the coagulation and complement cascades (top enriched pathway, p-value: 1.6 × 10 −31 ; Figure 2 ). Other RBC-derived proteins (i.e., band 3, anion exchanger 1 (AE1; the most abundant RBC membrane protein), peroxiredoxins 2 and 6, catalase, and Journal of Proteome Research pubs.acs.org/jpr Article biliverdin reductase B) correlated significantly with HBA and HBB levels, despite not reaching significance when compared to COVID-19-negative subjects, suggesting that minimal hemolysis was present in a subset of the most severely ill patients in our study ( Figure 4A ), perhaps due to mechanical ventilation or other iatrogenic interventions−including the sample collection protocol adopted in this study. cache = ./cache/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328062-84pdw6p3 author = Hendl, Tereza title = Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3231 sentences = 171 flesch = 36 summary = It is, thus, of crucial importance to interrogate vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and ensure that the development, implementation, and data use of this surveillance technology avoids exacerbating vulnerability and the risk of harm to surveilled subpopulations, while maintaining the benefits of data collection across the whole population. In this context, for a comprehensive risk-benefit evaluation it is crucial to interrogate racial inequality and vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and related public health and safety measures. The evidence of racial inequality and vulnerability in the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing policing should further the critique of centralized surveillance technologies which risk adding pathogenic to situational vulnerabilities in marginalized individuals. Thus, it is even more important to collect data about infectious diseases in all subpopulations and ensure that pandemic surveillance technology and public health measures are grounded in robust ethical values, including justice and a commitment to mitigate vulnerability of the most disadvantaged and at-risk individuals and subpopulations. cache = ./cache/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328163-kytnsrkq author = Zhang, Jin-nong title = Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission—A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1862 sentences = 91 flesch = 53 summary = The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) from January 1 to January 16, 2020. The low HR for the family members and the health care workers on Arbidol PEP suggests a protective effect of Arbidol against COVID-19 transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328071-ulj2gtn3 author = Sattari, Mahtab title = Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3052 sentences = 171 flesch = 52 summary = title: Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran Examination of the signs and symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 upon admission to the hospital showed that the average oxygen saturation percentage was 91.62 ± 7.58 and their most common symptoms at the time of admission were fever (60.0%). In this regard, all pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province referred to hospitals or were hospitalized during different periods of pregnancy with different gestational ages were examined. In line with these results, other studies have regularly reported these two findings in the CT scan and examination of the lungs of infected pregnant women while hospitalized 8, 17, 20, 21 . Among them, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia were the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328214-2azb8789 author = Piper-Vallillo, Andrew J. title = COVID-19 Infection in a Lung Cancer Patient Population: Incidence, Presentation and Alternative Diagnostic Considerations date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4113 sentences = 206 flesch = 44 summary = Methods To determine an at-risk population for COVID-19, we retrospectively identified lung cancer patients receiving longitudinal care within a single institution in the 12 months (4/1/19 – 3/31/20) immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, including an "active therapy population" treated within the last 60 days of this period. Rates of hospitalization and mortality amongst patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f who received any versus no systemic therapy or radiation for lung cancer within 30 days of COVID-19 positivity were compared using Fisher's exact test. Hospitalization rates and mortality were slightly higher among COVID-19-positive patients on active therapy within the preceding 30 days, but this was not statistically significant (Supplemental Table 3 In this study, we retrospectively estimated the incidence of COVID-19 among a thoracic oncology population within a tertiary academic medical center in one of the early epicenters in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328011-6lf3no6u author = Zayed, Hatem title = Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1449 sentences = 84 flesch = 49 summary = title: Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics Since coronaviruses are increasing alarmingly, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the spread of the virus during pandemic outbreaks, and stop deaths associated with the virulent COVID-19. We now know that SARS-CoV-2 shares 88% identity with two SARS-like coronaviruses (bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45) that both originated in China, and use the same human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor for cell entry during the process of infection (3). In response to such forewarnings from scientists, a predictive vaccine could have been designed and developed for the potential virus pandemic. Thereafter, during the time of pandemic, suitable stored transgenic cell lines could be used, based on the Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; VLP, virus-like particle; WHO, World Health Organization. cache = ./cache/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327933-u0fcs3yg author = Doná, Daniele title = Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID‐19 pandemic: early impact on activity and healthcare date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2634 sentences = 142 flesch = 41 summary = Indeed, although severe outcomes (including deaths) have been reported in the pediatric population 6 , relatively fewer children with COVID-19 require hospitalization or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) 7 . The survey included relevant questions to: i) assess pediatric transplantation activity, including living-donation issues; ii) identify the protocols adopted to prevent and manage SARS-CoV-2 infection at the hospital level; iii) evaluate the impact of these practices on the healthcare of transplanted children; and iv), describe the management of confirmed COVID-19 cases among the special population of pediatric transplant recipients and candidates. In eight centers (44%) outpatient visits were performed only after a telephone pretriage excluding epidemiological (e.g., close contact with a known COVID-19 case) and clinical risk factors (e.g., ongoing fever or respiratory symptoms in the patient or in the caregiver) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to lack of experience in treating affected pediatric transplant patients, hospital admission criteria for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases varied between ERN-TransplantChild centers. cache = ./cache/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328169-ntg7b621 author = Sun, Haiying title = Comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnoses for older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan: a retrospective study date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3194 sentences = 161 flesch = 47 summary = RESULTS: The clinical and microbiological diagnosis groups demonstrated significant differences in outcomes and in the majority of laboratory findings. Age, white blood cell (WBC) count, and lymphocyte (LYM) count were included in the propensity score model (using a logistic regression), which were the most important risk factors for death in the hospital among older patients with COVID-19 [11] . For instance, the incidence of false-negative virus test results was high Table 1 Differences of characteristics between clinically and microbiologically diagnosed cases (total samples) before propensity score analyses WBC white blood cells, LYM lymphocyte, NT-proBNP amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, hsTnI high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate a Data presented as median (IQR) and n (%) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, unless otherwise indicated [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328040-5qd05e4r author = Zhao, Xin-Ying title = Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3416 sentences = 191 flesch = 54 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study Since December 2019, several cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were first reported the virus has caused an outbreak in a short time by human-to-human transmission throughout China, especially in Hubei Province. A considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients develop severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even multiple organ failure within a short time. Patients suspected of having COVID-19 were admitted and quarantined, and throat swab samples were collected and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR). Clinical data [age, previous chronic disease, epidemiological history, symptoms, vital signs, computed tomography (CT) images, virus load, laboratory tests, complications, and treatment process] of the 91 patients involved in this study were collected. cache = ./cache/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328200-96tirrck author = Llorente-Parrado, C. title = Modelo de evaluación del plan de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2803 sentences = 249 flesch = 46 summary = En este contexto, planteamos desarrollar un modelo basado en estándares para la evaluación del sistema de preparación y respuesta frente a la COVID-19 en un hospital terciario. Barcelona en dos fases: 1) desarrollo de modelo de estándares mediante revisión narrativa de la literatura, análisis de planes y protocolos del hospital, método Delphi por profesionales expertos y plan de actualización y 2) validación de aplicabilidad y utilidad del modelo mediante autoevaluación y auditoría. 1. Desarrollar un modelo basado en estándares para la evaluación del sistema de preparación y respuesta de un hospital frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Una estrategia basada en la revisión continua del modelo, el seguimiento mediante auditorías independientes y el benchmarking con otras instituciones, creemos que podrá contribuir a reducir la variabilidad en los planes de preparación y respuesta frente a la COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328319-vsyu5y45 author = Maracaja, Luiz title = How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1193 sentences = 67 flesch = 58 summary = title: How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment In particular, personal protective equipment (PPE) is at a critically low supply, which puts patients and providers at unacceptable risk. Healthcare providers engaged in procedures involving the nose, mouth, or airway need even more aggressive protection from airborne viral particles, in the form of powered air-purifying respirators, or similar. Once connected to the compressed air or oxygen at 15 L/min, the air will flow from inside to outside of the hood, preventing the provider from inspiring aerosolized material from the patient. In the authors' opinion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, all of the above risks are outweighed by the benefits of protecting healthcare professionals and enhancing patient safety during this national crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328455-kg2pg8y2 author = Wong, S.-C. title = Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 573 sentences = 48 flesch = 57 summary = Since the SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted via droplet and contact routes, hand hygiene with appropriate PPE are key infection control measures to protect HCWs. 2 We therefore expected hand hygiene compliance among our HCWs to increase further during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unexpected to observe relatively lower hand hygiene compliance among HCWs working in ward B, of which some of the beds are used for caring suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Hand hygiene among HCWs has become even more important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 6 especially with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission while presymptomatic or asymptomatic. Absence of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-pandemic phase in Hong Kong Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in two paediatric units before and during COVID-19 pandemic All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. cache = ./cache/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328220-toeq4xq0 author = Smith, Kelly title = Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3207 sentences = 168 flesch = 40 summary = Areas of management requiring clinical equipoise include agent selection and dosing, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy during hospital admission, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Practical guidance on anticoagulation considerations and dosing suggestions are provided to assist clinicians faced with challenging anticoagulation-related situations in caring for hospitalized COVID patients until formal evidence-based guidelines become available. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Areas of current clinical uncertainty include dose and agent of choice, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy while admitted, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. Upon review of the available evidence, we believe that clinicians may wish to consider a 3-tiered approach to stratifying anticoagulation intensity ( Figure 1 ), with consideration of the aforementioned factors to guide and assist in decision making. A patient may be categorized into tier II based on acuity and/or VTE risk factors (eg, a patient who is on a general medical floor but clinically deteriorating, with an upward trend in inflammatory marker and/or D-dimer levels). cache = ./cache/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328036-tjm6sm6a author = Pai, Esha title = Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2183 sentences = 136 flesch = 47 summary = title: Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India Our study showed that with appropriate precautions, asymptomatic patients may undergo operations without increased morbidity to them and hospital staff. In this article, we review our experience with major operative procedures performed at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi during the period of the nationwide lockdown. This was an observational study from 24 March to 31 May 2020, during four phases of a nationwide "lockdown" at a tertiary care cancer hospital in northern India. Our study showed that with the appropriate precautionary measures, surgical treatment of cancer patients can be done without an increase in patient morbidity and mortality, and without increased incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in the hospital staff. Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic-Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India cache = ./cache/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328104-triub2h6 author = Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title = Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2624 sentences = 133 flesch = 59 summary = Documentation and comparison fatality rate of COVID 19 pandemic across different countries could assist in illustrating the strength of this pandemic, speed spreading and risk area which infected of this disease. The virus causes a range of the symptoms, from fever, coughs, sore throats, headaches with difficulty in breathing and sometimes death more severe cases [1] , [2] , COVID-19 spreads by droplets of saliva from the nose and mouth of an infected person to healthy contacts. Moreover, a real time mathematical model has been carried out to detect fatality rate of severe cases of COVID-19 [16] . In this research, we conducted a study to calculate the fatality rate for the period between 27 th March and 27 th May, 2020 across different countries (USA, Spain, Italy, Iraq, Iran, Uzbekistan, Egypt and Australia) based on the data which were collected from [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328147-61gtx2h2 author = Lopez-Mendez, Ivan title = Association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2662 sentences = 156 flesch = 52 summary = In Mexico, 72.5% of the adult population is overweight and 9.4% have T2DM(4) Additionally, the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Mexico ranges from 14 .4% to 62.9%, (5) and he prevalence of liver fibrosis has been reported in 8.1% (noninvasive assessment).(6) Currently, Mexico City is one of the most affected regions in the world with rising numbers of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19, and we have very few data regarding GI symptoms and LFT abnormalities and their prognostic value in Mexican patients. They also represent a challenge for therapeutic maneuvers such as imaging diagnosis, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and pronation, among others.(11) A meta-analysis including 3,207 patients with COVID-19 described that underlying chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were higher in critical/non-surviving patients; clinical manifestations such as fever and dyspnea were also associated with the progression of the disease.(12) We found similar results in our study, with dyspnea as the most important associated symptom for ICU admission with OR 4.07 (CI95% 1.6-9.86). cache = ./cache/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328409-px92ff89 author = Hornuss, Daniel title = COVID-19-assoziierte Pneumonie trotz persistierend negativen PCR-Tests aus oropharyngealen Abstrichen date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1575 sentences = 172 flesch = 42 summary = After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Als Diagnostik der Wahl zur schnellen Identifikation von COVID-19-Fällen hat sich dabei die PCR-Analyse auf SARS-CoV-2 aus tiefen nasopharyngealen oder oropharyngealen Abstrichen etabliert [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328321-7e37hhia author = Olapoju, Olabisi Michael title = Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2919 sentences = 138 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of the nature and role of transport in the importation, traffic and spread of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 in Nigeria. On the contrary, air transport plays the most significant role in the importation of COVID-19 in Nigeria as is the case with virtually all the countries that are affected by the epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328307-378cfb23 author = Shirazi, Samira title = Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = title: Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases Recently, an Italian group reported that during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 a 58% increase in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest cases occurred when compared with the same period in 2019. In the present study, we reported sudden cardiac death, which is not the dominant mode of death, in three patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam in March and April 2020. Many studies have reported pneumonia and acute respiratory distress as the main causes of death in COVID-19 patients. reported death due to cardiac failure in a patient with COVID-19 who had no history of cardiovascular problems. Death due to sudden cardiac arrest is not common, but possible, in COVID-19 patients. • Herein we reported three sudden cardiac deaths among 353 proved COVID-19 patients in our institution. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328289-3h3kmjlz author = Iadecola, Costantino title = Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6524 sentences = 349 flesch = 40 summary = Another Parkinson's disease patient with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, exhibited at autopsy, in addition to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal damage, microhemorrhages, white matter lesions and enlarged perivascular spaces, but no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain (Kantonen et al., 2020) . The encephalopathy is most likely a consequence of systemic factors, such as cytokine sickness, hypoxia and metabolic dysfunction due to peripheral organ failure, while the strokes seem to be related more to hypercoagulability and endothelial injury than to SARS-CoV-2 vasculitis affecting brain vessels. In some cases, the possibility of a SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis could not be ruled out based on the potential for the virus to infect neurons (Song et al., 2020) , but definitive clinical and pathological evidence of neurotropism is lacking. cache = ./cache/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328376-hxl3xfyl author = Giordano, Arturo title = Management of Structural Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1566 sentences = 77 flesch = 36 summary = However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease-2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians and world healthcare systems that resulted in deferral of elective and semi-elective procedures, such as SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Indeed, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease 2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians, and world healthcare systems resulting in deferral of elective and semielective procedures, such as those for subjects with SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [3] [4] [5] [6] . In conclusion, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. cache = ./cache/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328181-b2o05j3j author = Nunez-Corrales, S. title = The Epidemiology Workbench: a Tool for Communities to Strategize in Response to COVID-19 and other Infectious Diseases date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11455 sentences = 594 flesch = 48 summary = The Epidemiology Workbench provides access to an agent-based model in which demographic, geographic, and public health information a community together with a social distancing and testing strategy may be input, and a range of possible outcomes computed, to inform local authorities on coping strategies. 3 Building a multi-objective model for COVID-19: the agent-based route Based on the discussion above, our current research efforts have focused on the development of an integrated simulation model capable of a) accurately reflecting known dynamics of the current pandemic and the qualitative results of other models, b) simulating data-driven stochastic heterogeneity across agent populations to more realistically reflect the variability of underlying human populations when the model is applied, c) integrating economic considerations in association with observable features of the pandemic, d) allowing detailed simulation of known public policy measures at different times, intensities and dates, and e) providing a simple interface for non-expert users to configure and interpret. cache = ./cache/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328384-jzfr2t3p author = Mudatsir, Mudatsir title = Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4572 sentences = 265 flesch = 43 summary = We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk factors associated with poor clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate potential risk factors that might influence the severity of COVID-19. Studies were included in this review if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) assessed the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of patients with mild to severe COVID-19; The studies included in this systematic review also suggest that the levels of D-dimer were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19. Our data suggest that elevated levels of urea and creatinine, and not chronic kidney disease, were associated with severe COVID-19, which indicates that acute inflammation might be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that it cannot be determined clearly whether the elevated levels of liver enzymes in patients with severe COVID-19 are caused by direct infection or by drug-induced liver injury. cache = ./cache/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328484-4iptwc3n author = Li, Tao title = Clinical Characteristics of 312 Hospitalized Older Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3077 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = Although some case series have been published, no previous studies focused on older patients exclusively (Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, 2020; Fu et al., 2020; . Further regression analysis suggested that age(OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.13-2.08), SOFA score(OR 5.89, 95%CI 3.48-7.96), APACHEⅡ score(OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.85-5.62), platelet count＜125×10 9 /L(OR 2.36, 95%CI 1.03-4.14), d-dimer(OR 4.37, 95%CI 2.58-7.16), creatinine＞133μmol/L(OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.12-3.04), interleukin-6(OR 4.32, 95%CI 2.07-7.13), and lung consolidation(OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.45-4.27) on admission were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 (Table 3) . This study compared clinical characteristics between non-severe and severe COVID-19 cases among older patients, and identified several risk factors for severe cases. This study identified several risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases among older patients. Age, SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score, platelet count＜125×109/L, d-dimer, creatinine＞ 133μmol/L, interleukin-6, and lung consolidation on admission were independent risk factors for severe cases among older patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328352-l1q4uvxl author = Borlongan, Mia C. title = The Disillusioned Comfort with COVID-19 and the Potential of Convalescent Plasma and Cell Therapy date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3236 sentences = 158 flesch = 45 summary = This investigational treatment uses plasma that contains antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Subsequent to the Spanish flu pandemic, the treatment with convalescent plasma has been studied in similar outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as the 2003 SARS-CoV-1 epidemic, the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, and the 2012 MERS-CoV epidemic 19, 20 . (2) Another small study on ten severe COVID-19 Chinese patients revealed that nine patients displayed increased neutralizing antibody titers, and the viral load in seven patients becoming undetectable by day seven post-infusion of convalescent plasma, but only 3 exhibited improved respiratory function 23 . In all these five clinical studies, it is understandable that because convalescent plasma treatment remains experimental, the target population is initially the severe or critically ill patients, who have high mortality and worst morbidity, which may mask the potential functional benefits of the treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328267-tk0zc8il author = Liu, Qiao title = Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1667 sentences = 119 flesch = 50 summary = title: Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China We compared tuberculosis case notifications, tuberculosis treatment outcomes, and diagnostic screening for multidrug resistance (MDR) among tuberculosis patients from 2015-2020 before and after the Covid-19 pandemic began in China. We A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Discussion This is the first data from China reporting the potential indirect impact on tuberculosis control of the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, reductions in treatment completion and MDR screening during this time period suggest that both deterred health care seeking and community disease management are likely drivers of these trends. Our analysis suggests that collateral effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control are substantial, with a reduction of 36%-52% in tuberculosis notifications in 2020 compared to 2015-2019. cache = ./cache/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328562-g5i838b3 author = Niles, Meredith T. title = The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5000 sentences = 244 flesch = 50 summary = Respondents experiencing household food insecurity during COVID-19 (both newly and consistently food insecure) were significantly more likely (p < 0.001 comparison across all groups) to express higher levels of concern and worry about a variety of potential situations related to food access and COVID-19 ( Figure 2 , Table A7 ). Respondents experiencing household food insecurity during COVID-19 (both newly and consistently food insecure) were significantly more likely (p < 0.001 comparison across all groups) to express higher levels of concern and worry about a variety of potential situations related to food access and COVID-19 ( Figure 2 , Table A7 ). Compared to food secure households, new and consistently food insecure households were significantly more likely (p < 0.001) to find strategies to address physical or economic food access challenges helpful during COVID-19 (Table A11) . cache = ./cache/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328601-gi6rr2np author = Degiorgio, Sophie title = COVID-19 related acute decline in paediatric admissions in Malta, a population-based study date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1970 sentences = 118 flesch = 48 summary = This population-based study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there were any differences in numbers or characteristics of acute paediatric medical admissions during the first wave of COVID-19 in Malta compared with the corresponding 2019 period. This population-based study was carried out in order to determine whether there were any significant differences in acute paediatric admissions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malta compared to the same period in the previous year. Furthermore, on dividing all admissions into communicable (infectious) and non-communicable (non-infectious) cases following school closures, a significant difference was noted between the study and control period. There was a significant negative correlation between daily acute paediatric medical admissions and the number of active COVID-19 cases in Malta (p=0.005) ( Table 4 ). This study has demonstrated a significant drop in paediatric admissions in Malta between 2019 and 2020, which negatively correlated with Malta's first wave of COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328607-lzai90zq author = Augoustides, John G. title = Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection – Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2073 sentences = 160 flesch = 38 summary = [1] [2] [3] [4] In the cohort of patients with severe COVID-19, the risks of admission to an intensive care unit are high owing to critical conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular collapse, and acute renal failure. [1] [2] [3] [4] The unique considerations of this important infection significantly affect the management approaches to these patients by cardiothoracic anesthesiologists and intensivists with respect to airway management, echocardiography, anesthetic care, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 33 Furthermore, in patients with severe COVID-19, additional factors that may compromise right ventricular function include myocarditis, vasoplegic shock, and acute coronary syndromes as outlined above. [11] [12] [13] Owing to these multiple mechanisms that can challenge the right ventricle, echocardiography to assess right ventricular function and responses to therapy will facilitate a more individualized approach to resuscitation and management in patients with severe COVID-19. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328718-j9p7ahl8 author = Goldust, Mohamad title = Skin cancer and COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 739 sentences = 60 flesch = 56 summary = Some of the worst affected patients include those with chronic illnesses like skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma). Due to minimal availability of public transport and doctors in regular clinics, several skin cancer patients are going undiagnosed, leading to delayed diagnosis resulting in worsening of its grade and prognosis. Many patients with skin cancer are already immunosuppressed, thus increasing their susceptibility to various infections including COVID-19. 5 Thus, COVID-19 induced stress may predispose patients to squamous cell carcinoma. Newer anti-cancer molecules like immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab) are being used in melanoma 6 but there are reports of pembrolizumab induced neutropenia. 7 This weakens the immune system of patient leading to increased risk of COVID-19. 8 The treatment regimens are also being modified to decrease the need of hospital visits by these patients to reduce the spread of COVID-19 viz. Chronic stress and susceptibility to skin cancer. cache = ./cache/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author = Zhou, Fuling title = Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3719 sentences = 189 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Recently, in order to avoid further nosocomial infection, all staff without clinical symptoms in our hospital participated in the physical examination before resumption of ordinary job, including chest CT, throat swab RT-PCR test and plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test. This study aims to analyze the examination results, understand the infection status of staff, track the infection related risk factors, as well as tracing of asymptomatic infection individual, so as to provide effective suggestions for other hospitals and non-medical institution in Wuhan, ensuring scientific and safe return to work. In our study, asymptomatic carrier refers to patients who have mild or non-symptoms but with positive test for viral nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 or with positive test for serum specific IgM antibody. cache = ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328395-2cakgmsj author = Oxford, Alexandra E. title = Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6707 sentences = 353 flesch = 39 summary = Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, unlike other related viruses, infects and replicates within endothelial cells, which may explain a significant portion of the observed clinical pathology. This review will focus on the concept of endothelial cell infection and dysfunction as an active driver of COVID-19, which begins as a respiratory illness, with vascular pathology contributing significantly to the most negative patient outcomes. Endothelial cell infection that proceeds via ACE2 shows how SARS-CoV-2 can replicate into a wide range of cells, which may explain some of the clinical symptoms found in COVID-19 patients. Thus far, we have discussed the viral mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and resultant COVID-19 sequelae as they relate to endotheliitis and endothelial cell infection mediated by viral spike protein-ACE2 interaction. The successful use of anti-interleukin drugs to treat the inflammatory symptoms seen in severe COVID-19 would have marked effects on endothelial pathology as these cells are highly responsive to cytokine signaling [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328548-5kjq9xqs author = Oliveira J. e Silva, Lucas title = Flexibilization of Science, Cognitive Biases, and the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1463 sentences = 78 flesch = 46 summary = A subsequent high-profile paper associating the use of hydroxychloroquine with increased mortality in the treatment of COVID-19 had to be retracted 2 after scientists pointed out issues such as mismatched mortality rates when compared to Australian official reports, no release of the dataset for independent analysis, and lack of thorough ethical review. The term "flexibilization" here refers to a loosening of methodological standards and the development of low-quality studies, leading to the creation of unreliable data and, later in the cycle, of anecdotal evidence. Within this context, science and clinical research have been creating rigorous methodological standards in order to produce high-quality studies that allow us to have greater confidence in the evidence while mitigating unnecessary damage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the early adoption of new interventions by clinicians and policy makers based on promising but often low-quality data is creating a scenario from which anecdotal evidence may emerge. cache = ./cache/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328396-p2gvpe8i author = Kaur, Savneet title = The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4427 sentences = 246 flesch = 39 summary = In the current perspective, we envisage a key role of mEC in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). These studies along with the fact that the pulmonary epithelium is more resistant to injury than the endothelium signify that SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS and associated coagulopathy may be caused by a direct endothelial infection by the virus in the lungs (Matthay et al., 2019) . A summary of such recent reviews and short reports is provided in Table 1 (Alvarado-Moreno and Majluf-Cruz, 2020; Amraei and Rahimi, 2020; Cure and Cure, 2020; Froldi and Dorigo, 2020; Guler et al., 2020; Gupta et al., 2020; Gustafson et al., 2020; Mangalmurti et al., 2020; Marchetti, 2020; Mondal et al., 2020; Panfoli, 2020; Pons et al., 2020; Sardu et al., 2020b; Teuwen et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328657-rlrs7spv author = Park, Jay J H title = Clinical trials of disease stages in COVID 19: complicated and often misinterpreted date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 878 sentences = 49 flesch = 33 summary = The initial remdesivir randomised trial on patients receiving treatment in hospital, in which the median time to remdesivir initiation after symptom onset was 11 days, did not show important statistical benefits for time to clinical improvement. 6 A subsequent randomised trial that initiated remdesivir at a median of 9 days after symptom onset, by contrast, found a shorter recovery time in patients with less severe pulmonary disease than in the placebo group. Conversely, the dexamethasone findings in the RECOVERY trial found benefit in patients with more severe disease requiring oxygen or respiratory support, 5 supporting an antiinflammatory effect when inflammation pathology predominates. 9 Although it is clear that some therapies have no clinical benefits in patients admitted to hospital, there is much uncertainty, and thus clinical equipoise, to justify continuing clinical trials in other COVID-19 disease states. Most ongoing trials are focusing on participants admitted to hospital, and generalising their findings to ambulatory patients might potentially harm opportunities to identify effective outpatient treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328487-glwslgjy author = Iannaccone, Sandro title = ROLE OF REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT FOR ADULT COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL OF MILAN date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1952 sentences = 114 flesch = 41 summary = This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) 8 and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 9 patients. This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) 8 and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 9 patients. 4 After this first phase, the clinical care of patients was reorganized to provide, on one hand, better 5 treatment for acute patients, and, on the other hand, to better meet the rehabilitation needs of 6 post-COVID-19 patients to optimize home discharge. This report describes the experience of the 7 Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery Department of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) and 8 aims to identify barriers to the functional recovery of COVID-19 patients and to provide 9 suggestions for the set-up of a specialized clinical standard procedure flow for the rehabilitation of 10 these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328810-ifovibzi author = Drefahl, Sven title = A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4396 sentences = 206 flesch = 49 summary = In this study, data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 are linked to high-quality and accurate individual-level background data from administrative registers of the total population. Owing to the special provision of new data from the Swedish authorities, we have access to data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 linked to high-quality and accurate individual-level background data from administrative registers. Here, we examine how the risk of death varies across fundamental sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, civil status, individual disposable income, region of residence, and country of birth. Table 1 shows an increasing risk of dying from COVID-19 by increasing age, as well as excess mortality for men, widowed, primary educated, those with low income, those from highincome countries (HIC), and those living in Stockholm county. Among individuals in working ages, as compared to retirees, males experience even higher mortality relative to females, and education and income are stronger predictors of dying from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328747-bf687r6j author = St‐Denis, Xavier title = Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8958 sentences = 389 flesch = 42 summary = This research note explores how occupational exposure risks vary by labor force characteristics using publicly available Canadian data in combination with a data set providing information on the level of physical proximity and frequency of exposure to infections or diseases faced by workers in different occupations. Second, older workers (65 years or more), a group vulnerable to COVID‐19, appear to work in occupations requiring performing activities characterized by a lower level of physical proximity than their younger colleagues, with minimal differences in the frequency of exposure to diseases or infections. The results presented below show an unequal distribution of occupational characteristics associated with a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 (level of physical proximity with other individuals, and frequency of exposure to diseases or infections) across different groups of the workforce. The distributional statistics reported above provide evidence of important differences in occupational risks of exposure to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 by gender, age, Aboriginal identity, education, and broad occupational category. cache = ./cache/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328556-sop1yjv7 author = Carrion, D M title = Evaluación de las Tendencias y Presentación Clínica de Pacientes con Cólico Nefrítico que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias Durante la Era Pandémica del COVID-19 date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2740 sentences = 263 flesch = 59 summary = Fueron incluidos pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias por cólico renal (unilateral o bilateral) secundario a litiasis confirmadas en pruebas de imagen durante los 45 días previos y posteriores a la declaración de estado de alarma de cada país. [2] Mientras los hospitales han estado desbordados con pacientes con COVID-19, ha habido una disminución en las visitas al Servicio de Urgencias (SU) con afecciones sin síntomas graves o que no ponen en peligro la vida, como el cólico nefrítico agudo no complicado. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el número de pacientes que acuden a urgencias con cólico nefrítico, los posibles retrasos en las consultas y la gravedad de la situación clínica en tres centros hospitalarios de dos de los países europeos más afectados, Italia y España. Los datos de nuestro estudio mostraron una disminución significativa de las visitas a urgencias por cólico nefrítico tras el estado de alarma en España e Italia. cache = ./cache/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328569-1lx3fkv3 author = Bagate, François title = Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3768 sentences = 229 flesch = 48 summary = title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome BACKGROUND: In COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the relatively preserved respiratory system compliance despite severe hypoxemia, with specific pulmonary vascular dysfunction, suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for VA/Q mismatch, as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration. Some authors have hypothesized that potential relatively preserved respiratory system compliance (Crs) despite severe hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration [5] . Individual values of the ratio of oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction in arterial blood in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019, according to position (prone or supine) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide with or without almitrine. Correlations between respiratory mechanics and oxygenation response to the combination of inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in ten patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328645-twl80ql1 author = Stickley, Andrew title = Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 200 flesch = 48 summary = RESULTS: In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and mental health variables, both dichotomous and continuous loneliness measures were negatively associated with engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. 8,9 Evidence suggests that the trajectory of loneliness may have remained stable during the early phase of the pandemic but at a high level for many people, 10 while a number of studies have linked feeling lonely to worse mental health including depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research has linked worse psychological health (anxiety, depression) to poorer COVID-19 preventive behaviours, 14 while earlier studies have shown an association between loneliness and lower medical adherence. This study used data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in the early phase of the ongoing pandemic to examine the association between loneliness and the use of COVID-19 preventive behaviours. cache = ./cache/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328786-gkd9xcxa author = Mohammad, Laila Malani title = Necessity of brain imaging in COVID-19 infected patients presenting with acute neurological deficits date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1080 sentences = 74 flesch = 42 summary = BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary stabilization in the intensive care unit for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are often sedated, placing timely assessment of a neurological decline at risk. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we present two cases of COVID-19 infected young patients transferred to our facility in a cardio-pulmonary crisis, with a poor neurological exam. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the importance of early head imaging in COVID-19 patients with a poor neurological exam. 1 It is, therefore, important to obtain brain imaging in patients with a depressed neurological exam, so that those requiring invasive interventions can be identified early. Here we present two contrasting cases of COVID-19 infected patients, both of whom were found to have ischemic strokes, but only one undergwent timely neurosurgical intervention. 9 Although the pulmonary system remains a primary focus of COVID-19 related morbidity, our cases demonstrate that these patients can develop severe neurological sequalae, which should alert the medical team to obtain early brain imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328693-xf2w570s author = Lee, Delice Weishan title = Intubation outside of the operating room: new challenges and opportunities in COVID-19 era date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2444 sentences = 138 flesch = 43 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Airway management in patients outside the operating room is associated with increased difficulties and risks, and the setting of the COVID-19 global pandemic adds another layer of complexity. Additionally, anesthesiologists working in hospitals treating many infected patients have developed specialized teams responsible for airway management outside the operating room. Airway management in patients outside the operating room is associated with increased risks and the setting of the COVID-19 global pandemic adds another layer of complexity [4] . There are recently published reports on airway management in COVID-19 proven and suspect patients within the operating room which are applicable to the nonoperating room environment, however additional measures need to be considered to reduce the risk of infection to healthcare providers and to optimize patient safety [5 && ,6 && ]. Special requirements for ETT of COVID-19 patients outside of the operating room have prompted many hospitals to create special, anesthesia-based teams responsible for airway management. cache = ./cache/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328826-guqc5866 author = Wissel, Benjamin D title = An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1806 sentences = 124 flesch = 61 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: This R Shiny application aggregates data from multiple resources that track COVID-19 and visualizes them through an interactive, online dashboard. It displays COVID-19 data from every county and 188 metropolitan areas in the U.S. Features include rankings of the worst affected areas and auto-generating plots that depict temporal changes in testing capacity, cases, and deaths. Our team developed a methodology to aggregate county-level COVID-19 data into metropolitan areas and display these data in an interactive dashboard that updates in real-time. To track the proportion of each area's residents that became infected or died of COVID-19, we used the U.S. Census Bureau's 2019 population estimate for each county to normalize data to tests, cases, and deaths per 10,000 residents. Users can view COVID-19 cases and deaths from The NYT at the county, city, state, or national level, and the total number of tests reported by the COVID Tracking Project, including the breakdown between positive and negative tests, is shown for each state. cache = ./cache/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328698-eeg1k5a6 author = Detoc, Maëlle title = Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2522 sentences = 129 flesch = 47 summary = Older age, male gender, fear about COVID-19, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Older age, male gender, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with potential acceptance to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. In multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, fear about COVID-19, be healthcare workers and individual perceived risk remained associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. However, individuals who considered themselves at-risk for COVID-19 infection were more prone to accept to participate in a clinical trial for a vaccine. This observation suggests that in the pandemics context, individuals are more prone to participate in a clinical trial for a vaccine. However, a greater proportion of respondents to our survey declared they had been vaccinated against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza, so this observation may suggest that the respondents are more pro-vaccine than the general population in France, and more often healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328646-msut5gyc author = Brown, Amy title = Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8808 sentences = 443 flesch = 56 summary = Given that we know breastfeeding is best supported by practices that keep mother and baby together, high‐quality professional and peer‐to‐peer support, and positive maternal well‐being, it is important to understand the impact of the pandemic upon the ability to breastfeed. To explore this, we conducted an online survey with 1219 breastfeeding mothers in the United Kingdom with a baby 0–12 months old to understand the impact of the pandemic upon breastfeeding duration, experiences and support. At the time of writing, no published peer-reviewed data exists on the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding outcomes and decisions around infant feeding in the United Kingdom. This study explored women's experiences of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to how lockdown measures affected their infant feeding decisions. cache = ./cache/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328814-s3963anw author = XU, Jing title = Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 147 flesch = 45 summary = From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body's immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment with moxibustion and infrared irradiation for community-acquired pneumonia, the results of purulent sputum disappearance time, fever relief time, rale absorption time, inflammation absorption time in chest X-ray test, the time length of hospital stay and the changes in serum inflammatory indexes, as well as immune function indexes are all better than those in the control group with western medication, indicating a better therapeutic effect and the improvement of immune functions in the patients [21] . Discussion on the effect pathways of preventing and treating coronavirus disease 2019 by acupuncture and moxibustion from the regulation of immune inflammatory response cache = ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author = Zhu, Hongjun title = Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6169 sentences = 368 flesch = 55 summary = Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the previous work; Section 3 defines the related terminology; Section 4 explains the SEIR-HC model in detail; Section 5 describes the two-step optimization for parameter estimation; Section 6 shows the analysis results, and finally, Section 7 states the conclusions. ( ) : number of outbound travellers every day in Wuhan at time t; : contact rate in the community; ℎ : contact rate in hospitals; ( ) : incidence rate of the exposed individuals who are infected days ago, which follows the Weibull distribution; cache = ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328667-r5w09lb6 author = Schwartz, David A title = The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1518 sentences = 88 flesch = 48 summary = In contrast, some pregnant women might be asymptomatic or have only mild or nonspecific symptoms from an infectious disease, resulting in their escaping detection as having infection even when the embryo or fetus is severely affected. [9] evaluated for the first time the effects of being pregnant on COVID-19 disease and pneumonia using a case-control experimental design conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, a 1900-bed tertiary medical center in Wuhan, China. To accomplish this, the authors enrolled two cohorts of pregnant women with COVID-19 and pneumonia -one consisting of 16 pregnant women with pneumonia and rt-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the other with 18 pregnant women with pneumonia who were clinically and radiologically suspected of having COVID-19 but had negative rt-PCR test results. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study cache = ./cache/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328916-j2ztk2hk author = Queiroz, Maciel M. title = Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8090 sentences = 450 flesch = 38 summary = title: Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review Humanitarian logistics literature has extensively studied epidemic impacts; however, there exists a research gap in understanding of pandemic impacts in commercial SCs. To progress in this direction, we present a systematic analysis of the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on SCs guided by a structured literature review that collated a unique set of publications. Most centrally, we propose a framework for operations and supply chain management at the times of COVID-19 pandemic spanning six perspectives, i.e., adaptation, digitalization, preparedness, recovery, ripple effect, and sustainability. The categories considered during the analysis of papers were Outbreak/Disease reported, Purpose, Main method/Theoretical approach, and Supply chain/Logistics/Operations implications. A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328696-ydhgzkzv author = Caro-Dominguez, Pablo title = Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4574 sentences = 244 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVE: To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2. b Axial contrast-enhanced chest CT scan performed the same day demonstrates focal bilateral patchy rounded ground glass opacities (arrows) surrounded by a more or less complete ring-like consolidation (reverse halo sign) suggesting organizing pneumonia, which was a sign of severe extent of the disease. In children with severe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the intensive care unit, the most common findings on chest radiograph were multifocal bilateral or unilateral airspace consolidation or multifocal ground glass opacities [8, 11, 12] . An axial non-enhanced CT shows small rounded multifocal ground glass opacities bilaterally in the lower lobes associated with small vessels (arrows) with COVID-19, this group of paediatric chest imaging experts found that chest radiograph findings in COVID-19 are nonspecific and can be seen in any lower airway infection and pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329088-tcqp8qd2 author = Leng, C title = From chaos to a new norm: The Birmingham experience of restructuring the largest plastics department in the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3917 sentences = 184 flesch = 49 summary = Factors considered included: rota and shift pattern changes to implement depth and resilience to sudden fluctuations in staffing levels; a preparatory phase for focussed upskilling and relevant training packages to be delivered; managing the COVID-19 ward cover and ITU deployment; adjustments to our front of house and elective specialty specific service, including developing alternative and streamlined patient pathways; mitigating the effects on plastic surgical training during the pandemic; the importance of communications for patient care and physician wellbeing; and leadership techniques and styles we considered important. Factors considered included: rota and shift pattern changes to implement depth and resilience to sudden fluctuations in staffing levels; a preparatory phase for focussed upskilling and relevant training packages to be delivered; managing the COVID-19 ward cover and ITU deployment; adjustments to our front of house and elective specialty specific service, including developing alternative and streamlined patient pathways; mitigating the effects on plastic surgical training during the pandemic; the importance of communications for patient care and physician wellbeing; cache = ./cache/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328640-4g7revha author = Douedi, Steven title = Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2277 sentences = 132 flesch = 51 summary = This virus is known to cause severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. [1, 4] We present a case of elderly female presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath found to be positive for COVID-19 and started on high-dose IV ascorbic acid, anti-interleukin-6, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir requiring high ventilator settings and eventually requiring vasopressors and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). [13] While further studies are in need to provide concrete evidence on the use of hydroxychloroquine, clinical trials from China have already shown promising results for COVID-19 and several countries around the world have begun using these medications. Further studies and clinical trials are required to fully understand the role of remdesivir and other medications in COVID-19 infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329010-n0mz098o author = McKee, Dwight L. title = Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5193 sentences = 260 flesch = 41 summary = Further, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and off-label antiviral drugs, such as the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs arbidol and favipiravir as well as antiviral phytochemicals available to date may prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic. Drugs that have recently been shown to target MERS-CoV in mice [15] , and to inhibit Ebola virus RdRP and SARS-CoV-2 proteases in humans, such as remdesivir and ritonavir/lopinavir, also constitute candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and are now investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in COVID-19 patients in 2 international clinical trials (SOLIDARITY Trial and DisCoVeRy Trial). The emergence of the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 rapidly led to a pandemic involving more than 2,500,000 infected persons and more proven drugs such as camostat mesilate which prevents virus host cell entry by inhibiting TMPRSS2 [8] , and chloroquine phosphate which inhibits terminal phosphorylation of ACE2, or hydroxychloroquine which is metabolized in vivo to chloroquine [44] . cache = ./cache/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328908-2004vp48 author = Thombs, Brett D. title = Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2650 sentences = 155 flesch = 55 summary = title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with continuous change and ≥ 1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) change for anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0; MCID = 4.0) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; MCID = 3.0) symptoms, controlling for pre-COVID-19 levels. Our objective was to compare anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 scale 11, 12 ) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 13 ) symptoms before and after onset of COVID-19 among people with SSc, including (1) continuous score changes; (2) proportion with change scores of at least one minimal clinically important difference (MCID); (3) proportion initially under a cutoff threshold who changed by at least 1 MCID and reached the threshold; and (4) factors associated with changes, including country, comparing results from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328988-q6j2njm8 author = Tocto-Erazo, M. title = Lockdown, relaxation, and ACME period in COVID-19: A study of disease dynamics on Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4652 sentences = 294 flesch = 53 summary = In general, one of the main 29 purposes of mathematical models has been the evaluation of the effects of different governmental 30 interventions and also providing to decision-makers with more elements for responding to a need, susceptible, exposed, asymptomatically infected, symptomatically infected, hospitalized, quarantined, recovered and dead individuals, respectively. the COVID-19 outbreak in Hermosillo, Sonora, like the ACME value and ACME date, but also we 10 were able to explore different intervention schemes such as: changes in the beginning and lifting 11 restriction dates, variation in the population proportions that return to usual activities on June 01, 12 2020 (a date fixed by Federal Government), and also the possibility of exploring some other periods 13 where people break the confinement. In order to obtain this information we defined the following variables with respect to the model: later to explore other dynamics related to dates of lockdown implementation and levels of 23 relaxation. cache = ./cache/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329051-gmwgb32g author = Kuo, C.-L. title = ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1575 sentences = 85 flesch = 52 summary = We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329096-oitxf0fp author = Poorolajal, Jalal title = Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Worldwide date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 647 sentences = 44 flesch = 65 summary = COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, is a highly contiguous infection that spread immediately across the world since its beginning in Wuhan, China on Dec 31, 2019 1 . Like any other disease, genetic variations in population across different areas of the world may affect the COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. However, the geographical variation in COVID-19 cases and deaths is very wide following a mysterious pattern. The variation in the COVID-19 mortality rate is much wider than the disease prevalence in the western and eastern hemispheres. The geographical distribution of this disease does not seem to be related to the economic level of countries. If this was the case, it would be expected that the prevalence of disease and death rates due to COVID-19 would follow the pattern of the economic level of countries. This mysterious geographical distribution in COVID-19 cases and deaths is a question that should be answered. cache = ./cache/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328957-mzi8504f author = Lazebnik, T. title = The signature features of COVID-19 pandemic in a hybrid mathematical model - implications for optimal work-school lockdown policy date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8706 sentences = 556 flesch = 67 summary = Our unique use of contact details from 2 classes (children and adults), the interaction of populations depending on the time of day (the cycle of day and night), and several physical locations, allowed a new look at the differential dynamics of the spread and control of infection. Based on the different impact of 83 COVID-19 to the immune response, severity of infection and transmission disease in 84 different age groups (mainly children and adults) [17, 19] , we proposed a two classes 85 age-structured SIRD epidemic model dividing the population into children and adults. 86 Moreover, we developed a numerical, stochastic simulator based on this hybrid model 87 (https://teddylazebnik.info/coronavirus-sir-simulation/index.html) for COVID-19 popu-88 lation spread in addition to the analytical examination of the epidemic dynamics. 127 We divide the population into two classes based on their age: children and adults 128 because these groups experience the disease in varying degrees of severity and have 129 different infection rates. cache = ./cache/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329123-ytezkugu author = Santi, Aura Daniella title = Atrial fibrillation in a child with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1415 sentences = 91 flesch = 36 summary = A multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children has been described in association with COVID-19 infection, with 80% involving cardiovascular sequelae. Criteria were met for severe multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children given the cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and pulmonary involvement with history of COVID-19 infection. 6 Current guidelines for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children treatment include starting low-dose aspirin, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin for all patients (dose dependent on severity) and biologic treatment with tocilizumab, anakinra, or infliximab for severe cases. 7 Monitoring for cardiovascular complications via serial troponin with early intervention is essential for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children patients. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 in children remain a topic of novel investigation as literature in this population is lacking. The case highlights the importance of developing management strategies in patients with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children in the setting of viral infection with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329193-xuxbqbsf author = Park, Soo-kyung title = Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples from Patients with Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 184 flesch = 53 summary = Methods We collected data from 46 patients (median age, 26 years; 46% men) with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (without fever and pneumonia) and prolonged respiratory shedding of SARS-CoV-2, quarantined from April 4, 2020 through April 24, 2020 in Korea. Conclusions In an analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea, we found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. New Findings: An analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. New Findings: An analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329215-awxfetdj author = Carter, Chris title = COVID-19 Disease: invasive ventilation date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5519 sentences = 328 flesch = 44 summary = Abstract This article focuses on the critical care nurse's role in the management of patients with COVID-19 who require invasive ventilation in order to improve outcomes and prevent complications. Where respiratory failure requires emergency tracheal intubation (passing of an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea) for patients with COVID-19, it is a high-risk procedure, increasing viral load to healthcare workers and other patients. 5 Due to the rapid increase in numbers of patients, and the acute deterioration associated with severe COVID-19 infection, it is now frequently performed outside of the critical care unit by specially formed intubation teams. Prior to commencing invasive ventilation, the critical care team needs to be aware of the patient's normal lung function whenever possible so that parameters can be set to deliver appropriate and realistic targets for oxygenation. The increasing numbers of severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive ventilation is likely to place a critical demand on oxygen supplies which may lead to supply failure. cache = ./cache/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328987-ntu1wdzg author = Teng, Yi-Man title = Life or Livelihood? Mental Health Concerns for Quarantine Hotel Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2462 sentences = 122 flesch = 46 summary = This article is more concerned about the new working situation, conditions, and mental health considerations for quarantine hotel staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this research are 2-fold: first, to demonstrate the specific changes to roles and workload for the quarantine hotel employees; and second, to protect the quarantine hotel employees' mental health and provide recommendations for hoteliers in order to support their staff. In order to mitigate the potential negative impact of quarantine, fear of infection, and uncertainty on employees, hoteliers need to create a supportive environment in the workplace, for example, using online surveys to assess the scope of mental health problems and to observe the staffs' psychological status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health concern of the quarantine staff who has faced unprecedented changes is undoubtedly necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329219-7mfi16rd author = Gisondi, P. title = The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1054 sentences = 59 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Gisondi, P.; Facheris, P.; Dapavo, P.; Piaserico, S.; Conti, A.; Naldi, L.; Cazzaniga, S.; Malagoli, P.; Costanzo, A. [4] [5] [6] We performed a retrospective multicentre observational study, which included patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n = 5206) who were being treated with biological therapy, with the objective of reporting the number of patients hospitalized or who died from COVID-19 infection between 20 February 2020 and 1 April 2020. The inclusion criteria for the study were patients with psoriasis who were being regularly followed at the Divisions of Dermatology at the hospitals of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Turin or Milan (Humanitas and San Donato hospitals) and were being treated with a biologic, including tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12/23 or IL-23 inhibitors. Although patients with psoriasis are generally burdened by metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities and, most importantly, treated with immunosuppressive/immunomodulating agents, there was not a significant number of hospitalizations or deaths from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329292-n1aw0lyx author = Guven, Fadime title = Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 105 sentences = 17 flesch = 60 summary = key: cord-329292-n1aw0lyx authors: Guven, Fadime; Ogul, Hayri; Turgut, Asli; Tezcan, Alperen; Kantarci, Mecit title: Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Joint Bone Spine DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 329292 cord_uid: n1aw0lyx nan Journal Pre-proof Leptomeningeal Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a few leptomeningeal micronodular lesions ( Figure 1 ). The lupus patients may be more susceptible for a more severe COVID-19 disease course [1] . CT scans appear sensitive virus detection [2] . Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? cache = ./cache/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329152-1ixylnny author = Gupta, Shaili title = Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: experience from department of medicine at Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3494 sentences = 173 flesch = 48 summary = We share our hospital-wide rapid preparedness and response to COVID-19 to help provide information to other healthcare systems globally. Response to pandemic is a multi-disciplinary team effort with efficient leadership that meets several times daily to work at a quick pace in order to make effective implementation of preparatory measures before the actual arrival of the first infected patients, followed by a continuity of the same diligence to ensure modifications in plans as needed and addressing new demands as they arise. Additionally she created protocols for well-informed care of patients, enhanced the education and protective measures for HCWs including residency trainees, developed a clinical algorithm to guide judicious testing, and participated in COVID-19 treatment group meetings at other institutions to help create or modify local treatment algorithms. cache = ./cache/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329055-ftwlmi7w author = Costa, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da title = Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 503 sentences = 37 flesch = 64 summary = title: Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() Due to the worldwide demand for tests to identify patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, health strategies are severely hindered by the lack of tests that can guide the correct and immediate isolation of positive cases of COVID-19. In the last few weeks, it was observed that the loss of smell/taste associated with COVID-19 has been a frequent complaint, mainly identified when evaluating the patient with appropriate tools. In fact, the loss of smell/taste does not depend on nasal obstruction/rhinorrhea and can begin even before the typical signs/symptoms of COVID-19, thus becoming warning signs even in oligosymptomatic patients and, especially, in ଝ Please cite this article as: Costa KV, Carnaúba AT. Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329253-z6okp606 author = Levine, Ross L. title = COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1598 sentences = 78 flesch = 40 summary = It is heartening to see ECIs prioritizing data analyses, grant and/or manuscript preparation and reviewing journals during their time out of the lab as an effort to maintain momentum, as they balance their career responsibilities with a daunting set of demands related to increased personal responsibilities during the pandemic 1 . Lastly, we regret the unique impact of social distancing that this pandemic is having on mentoring and networking opportunities for ECIs. Scientific meetings are COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). This impact is particularly felt by ECIs at institutions without robust scientific networks or career development programmes, such that it can disproportionately impact those with less institutional support and a less vibrant local research environment. cache = ./cache/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329308-ipui7lo6 author = Lim, Soo title = Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4611 sentences = 281 flesch = 43 summary = During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have tended to gain weight because of environmental factors imposed by quarantine policies, such as decreased physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy food. The common medications used to treat people with obesity, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, statins, and antiplatelets agents, should be continued because these agents have anti-inflammatory properties and play protective roles against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. 54 A cumulative effect of chronic inflammation and hypercytokinemia seems to bring about a hyperinflammatory response through macrophage active syndrome, especially in patients with severe COVID-19 (Fig. 2) . Letter to the Editor: obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Letter to the Editor: obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease cache = ./cache/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329293-jlrzu0wl author = Ayanlade, Ayansina title = COVID-19 and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: implications of lockdown during agricultural planting seasons date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4107 sentences = 189 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 pandemic movement restrictions as part of the control measures put in place by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has implications on food security, as movement restrictions coincided with planting periods for most of the staple crops. This paper examines the potential impacts of COVID-19 movement restrictions on food security in SSA, focusing on the effects on planting days (season) for major staple crops, including effects through restricted access to important farm inputs. While SSA countries have very high potential for maize and rice production (Fig. 2) , the impacts of climate change [44] [45] [46] and recent locust invasion 47, 48 coupled with COVID-19 movement restrictions are likely to reduce the production potential 49 . Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security cache = ./cache/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329268-0zhabgkt author = Savoia, E. title = Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3727 sentences = 209 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. This study aimed to understand physicians' access to PPE, reception of information about their use, ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Questions were designed to inform the development of training and policies in response to the crisis and included questions about the physician's work experience (years of experience, specialty, experience in COVID-19 units and geographic area of work), and questions related to the use of PPE divided in four parts: 1) Access to PPE and strategies to cope with shortage, 2) Information received on the use of PPE, 3) Self-reported ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, and 4) Risk perception of contracting the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329312-bvnky9yr author = Alemany-Arrebola, Inmaculada title = Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4870 sentences = 256 flesch = 52 summary = There is little research on the impact of the pandemic and its influence on levels of anxiety in university students, and even less related to expectations of academic self-efficacy. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and trait anxiety (TA) and SA, during the first moments of COVID-19, since it was an exceptional situation to learn how university students responded to critical situations (related to SA). Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy. Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy. cache = ./cache/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329351-g9qlo3xh author = Toraih, Eman A. title = Association of cardiac biomarkers and comorbidities with increased mortality, severity, and cardiac injury in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐regression and Decision tree analysis date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1905 sentences = 109 flesch = 48 summary = Decision tree analysis by combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features was applied to predict mortality and severity in COVID‐19 patients. Pairwise comparison meta-analysis was conducted; 29 articles to compare between the severe and non-severe presentation of COVID-19 disease, 7 records to compare between cohorts who developed cardiac injury and those who are not, 6 records to compare between patients who were admitted to the ICU and those admitted to the general hospital ward and 16 studies to compare between survivors and expired patients ( Figure 1A) . Combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features, decision tree analysis was used to predict mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients. After conversion of SMD to OR, meta-analysis showed that patients with high cTnI (OR = 5.22, 95%CI = 3.73 to 7.31, p <0.001) and AST levels (OR = 3.64, 95%CI = 2.84-4.66, p <0.001) were more likely to develop adverse outcomes for COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329224-t45bedot author = Byrnes, Yasmeen M. title = Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national survey study date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4048 sentences = 200 flesch = 52 summary = BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students' educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. Although there are some existing anecdotal commentaries describing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education [5, [18] [19] [20] [21] , studies describing virtual curriculum development [5] [6] [7] [8] , and reports of medical student mobilization in response to the pandemic [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] , to our knowledge no data yet exists describing the current impact on medical students' academic lives. This study serves as an early snapshot into medical students' perspectives on their education and careers at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is in full force and clinical rotations remain cancelled. cache = ./cache/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329412-pzv4dzow author = Massaad, Elie title = Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1655 sentences = 93 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. The most common terms appearing alongside 'telehealth' were "covid", "health", "care", "services", "patients", and "pandemic". The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Our study aims to analyze the dynamics of social media data related to telehealth and understand the public activity to strategically optimize and accelerate the digital health transformation. The 10 most common words apart from "telehealth" that appeared in these tweets were "COVID", "health", "care", "services", "patients", "pandemic", "coronavirus", "healthcare", "access", "need". In this study, we retrieved and analyzed public data available on Twitter to investigate the rapid shift in telehealth adoption amidst the recent coronavirus Covid-19 pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329350-qrxl5o1e author = Pan, Angelo title = Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 107 flesch = 56 summary = We have had to care for high numbers of severely ill patients with limited resources, i.e. ventilators and specialists in respiratory failure management, often with a lack of health-care workers (HCW): a terrible situation. 1. Education first: it is difficult to organize continuing HCW education in an emergency setting, but it is necessary to implement courses on infection control and prevention (ICP) and on COVID-19 management. HCW need to be rapidly updated on necessary competencies required to manage highly infectious patients with respiratory failure. C. COVID-19 management: "fast and dirty" courses on should be organized on general principles of respiratory insufficiency, blood gas analysis, oxygen therapy, venous thromboembolism prevention, antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs use (7) . while waiting for possible new waves, we are working on education on PPE, HH, and ventilation, and programming how to dedicate general ward and ICU to manage new COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329453-ry1diso2 author = Hammer, Mark M. title = Radiologist Reporting and Operational Management for Patients with Suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2503 sentences = 124 flesch = 36 summary = Methods We developed a departmental guideline for radiologists that specified reporting terminology and required communication for patients with imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19, based on patient test status and imaging indication. Departmental guidelines for reporting and operational workflow for patients with known, clinically suspected, and imaging suspected COVID-19 were developed by a team including radiology leadership, thoracic radiologists, infection control, and hospital leadership ( Figure 1 ). In particular, for clinically unsuspected patients where imaging findings raise the possibility of COVID-19, the guidelines instruct the radiologist to call hospital infection control and alert departmental operations to ensure adequate cleaning and initiate contact tracing. Among these, 1,083 reports (1.4%) contained imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19 in the Impression section; 509 were known COVID-19 positive at the time of interpretation, 516 were suspected, and 58 were reports for unsuspected patients. We developed a departmental reporting and operations guideline for patients with imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329363-kaw3h5xm author = Vardeny, Orly title = Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1030 sentences = 42 flesch = 30 summary = For patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, other opportunities for minimizing complications from infection include remaining up to date on other immunizations, including influenza vaccine, which is available and effective, and pneumococcal vaccine, as secondary bacterial infections often lead to hospitalizations among those with primary viral infections. Because viral illness has been shown to exacerbate underlying cardiac illness and can lead to acute events such as acute myocardial infarction or decompensated heart failure, efforts should be made to optimize guideline-directed treatment strategies that have been shown to improve clinical status in high-risk patients, and thus reduce the risk of worsening symptoms or acute events in case of infection. In patients without known or suspected COVID-19, this includes all evidence-based therapies in cardiovascular disease, such as aspirin, statins, and β-blockers for secondary prevention in patients with coronary disease, and guideline-directed medical therapy in those with heart failure. cache = ./cache/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329323-1cquorhs author = Ko, Jean Y title = Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4184 sentences = 240 flesch = 44 summary = Generalized Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted rate ratios (aRR) for hospitalization RESULTS: Among 5,416 adults, hospitalization rates were higher among those with ≥3 underlying conditions (versus without)(aRR: 5.0; 95%CI: 3.9, 6.3), severe obesity (aRR:4.4; 95%CI: 3.4, 5.7), chronic kidney disease (aRR:4.0; 95%CI: 3.0, 5.2), diabetes (aRR:3.2; 95%CI: 2.5, 4.1), obesity (aRR:2.9; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.5), hypertension (aRR:2.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.4), and asthma (aRR:1.4; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.7), after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. BRFSS data were used to calculate weighted population estimates of community-dwelling adults with and without individual underlying medical conditions by age, sex, and race/ethnicity strata for the COVID-NET catchment area and served as the analytic A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 7 denominators. cache = ./cache/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329344-06uk5sjp author = Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka title = COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5925 sentences = 326 flesch = 43 summary = In the following study, we constructed a systematic review to concisely summarize the clinical features, comorbidities, radiological/laboratory findings, and outcomes in the older adults. Only older individuals (≥60 years old) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were of interest in this review, hence any study that did not clearly separate the data according to this age bracket was excluded. Once the relevant studies were isolated, the two reviewers extracted the data independently into a standardized form with the following subheadings: paper Aging and Disease • Volume 11, Number 4, August 2020 990 information (such as publication date, number of patients, country, and gender), symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, complications, treatment, and outcome. Studies comparing data from solely dead vs discharged patients, were excluded from review estimation of mortality rate due to unclear total hospitalized elderly COVID-19 population [13, 25] . cache = ./cache/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author = Bozkurt, Ozan title = Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2266 sentences = 128 flesch = 46 summary = The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. In a detailed analysis of the three groups of centers; a significant decrease was detected in outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries in tertiary referral centers and state hospitals; however the decrease was not statistically significant in private practice hospital in terms of inpatients and daily interventions ( Although the total numbers of temporary measures like nephrostomy placement (539 to 223; -58.7%) and percutaneous cystostomy (661 to 253; -61.8%) for certain instances decreased; the rate of these procedures for emergent-trauma surgeries has been found to increase during pandemic period (15% to 22.7% and 18.4% to 25.7%; respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329353-0pwgzeec author = Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title = Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 704 sentences = 58 flesch = 56 summary = title: Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Gabrin sign; vulnerability; androgen receptor; androgenetic 29 alopecia; anti-androgen therapy; transmembrane protease serine 2; TMPRSS2; Dutasteride; 7. 4 Recently, results of a study using 58 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f bromhexine hydrochloride, a common cough over-the-counter medication only available 59 outside the United States were reported. 4 Results of our recent COVID-19 prospective cohort study 67 involving 77 hospitalized men were also particularly encouraging: Only 1 out of 12 individuals 68 were admitted to the ICU (8%) in the cohort of men using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors or other 69 anti-androgen drugs (dutasteride=9, finasteride=2, and spironolactone=1), versus 38 out of 65 70 men (58%) not taking anti-androgens (p=0.0015). Medications that target TMPRSS2 have demonstrated improved COVID-19 outcomes in clinical 73 studies, and have the potential to protect vulnerable individuals during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329482-haenltxn author = Small, Eusebius title = Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1581 sentences = 96 flesch = 53 summary = According to the World Bank, almost 24 million fewer people will escape poverty in East Asia and the Pacific because of the financial impact of COVID-19 in 2020 [9] . Among the LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, COVID-19 could push these countries farther into a spiral of poverty, ravaging their already tenuous health systems [2, 5] . During the HIV outbreak, a significant limited reproductive health care and family planning services were available to women. According to the United Nations, an unrelated crisis impacting women worldwide are the spikes in domestic violence due to COVID-19 lockdowns [7] . Additionally, women who are transgender and are living with HIV are disproportionately impacted by intimate partner violence [24] , stay at home COVID-19 orders could exacerbate their wellbeing. A pandemic of the poor: social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic Gender-Based Violence Increases Risk of HIV/AIDS for Women in Sub-Saharan Africa -Population Reference Bureau cache = ./cache/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329384-uvgwth5n author = Milligan, Gregory P. title = Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in COVID-19 Related Respiratory Illness date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 537 sentences = 34 flesch = 41 summary = COVID-19, coronavirus, Right ventricular failure, Heart failure, Acute cor pulmonale, Shock, ARDS The mechanism of ACP in ARDS is established as refractory hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and microvascular thrombosis acutely increase RV afterload (2) . Alveolar ventilation must be optimized to limit hypoxic vasoconstriction while considering the hemodynamic consequences of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on RV preload and afterload. A pulmonary arterial catheter may limit comorbid cardiogenic edema while also aiding in optimization of RV preload, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance for which inotropic support and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators should be considered. This requires optimization and support for perhaps the most impacted side of the heart in critical COVID-19 infections, the right ventricle. 1) The presented work has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration for publication at any other journal. Elevated troponin in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible mechanisms Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author = Lemke, Michael Kenneth title = Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1794 sentences = 110 flesch = 43 summary = To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. cache = ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329499-jh4pbqxu author = Leulseged, T. W. title = COVID-19 in Hospitalized Ethiopian Children: Characteristics and Outcome Profile date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3834 sentences = 238 flesch = 56 summary = Aim: To assess the characteristics and outcome profile of 115 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19, and to determine the presence of significant difference in disease severity and survival distribution between groups among children admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess the characteristics and outcome profile of 115 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19, and to determine the presence of significant difference in disease severity and survival distribution between groups among children admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Based on the chi-square/ Fischer's exact test result, a significant difference in COVID-19 disease severity was observed among the groups classified by the presence of symptom, fever, cough, sore throat, chest pain and headache. Therefore, in this study we have assessed the characteristics and outcome profile of 90 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19 who were admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia from end of June to mid September, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329534-deoyowto author = McBryde, Emma S. title = Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3143 sentences = 155 flesch = 42 summary = Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. In this paper, we describe ways in which models have influenced policy, from the early stages of the outbreak to the current date -and anticipate the future value of models in informing suppression efforts, vaccination programs and economic interventions. For COVID-19, strategies may differ between countries depending on the acuity of the epidemic, the age groups driving the infection or at higher risk for severe disease, and the age structure of the population. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. cache = ./cache/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329543-gbfkce7n author = Tetteh, Hassan A title = A Leader’s Guide to Crisis Communication: Lessons from Ebola for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2883 sentences = 161 flesch = 53 summary = Finally, the communication conveyed what the Ebola outbreak meant to individuals locally impacted and throughout the world: The Ministry of Health in Guinea advised the public to take necessary measures to avert the spread of the disease and to report any suspected cases. Initial communication during the Ebola crisis aimed to achieve the overarching objectives of increasing knowledge and understanding and minimize the negative impact of fear and concern by helping the public understand the immediate risks of the disease, despite incomplete information. 13 However, despite the pervasive fear and concern that existed, the CDC and others were careful to effectively communicate a message during the crisis that provided context so that the appropriate response and resolution could be obtained to combat the Ebola outbreak. In the global pandemic of COVID-19, providing the appropriate context during crisis communication directly affects the type of response individuals take to achieve appropriate resolution of the problem. cache = ./cache/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329713-dqmvpqtd author = Pasin, Laura title = Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1815 sentences = 91 flesch = 44 summary = Considering the epidemiologic data reported from China, 2,3 it was immediately clear that the number of COVID-19 patients requiring hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission would rapidly overwhelm the total ICU capacity, thereby resulting in an unexpected systemic crisis due to the imbalance between increased health care demand and potential of supply. They were managed with isolation measures until proven clear of SARS-CoV-2, whereas patients positive for infection were discharged home or admitted to the hospital according to the severity of clinical conditions and laboratory tests. Based on the data arising from the outbreak in China, which reported a 5% ICU admission rate (2.6%-8%), it became clear that the expected number of critically ill COVID-19 patients would not have been manageable in Veneto without increasing ICU capacity. The number of beds in COVID-19-dedicated medical wards also was increased and the health care provision was strengthened by instructing personnel on high-flow oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure use. cache = ./cache/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329766-9bwdb6o2 author = Liu, Xiaofan title = Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3185 sentences = 198 flesch = 51 summary = To investigate the diagnostic value of the temporal radiographic changes, and the relationship to disease severity and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10) (p = 3.56 × 10 (−12)), with more frequency of consolidation (p = 0.025) and air bronchogram (p = 7.50 × 10(−6)). www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ our knowledge, at present, there is limited standardised method to predict which infected patient will remain moderately symptomatic and which will progress to more severe disease as well as viral clearance. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5; IQR range: 19 ~ 31.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10; IQR range: 7 ~ 16) (p = 3.556 × 10 −12 ) (Table 1; Fig. 3C ), with more frequency of consolidation (84.4% vs. cache = ./cache/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329852-5lr7yirs author = Monaco, Andrea title = Awareness and Impact of Non Pharmaceutical Interventions during COVID-19 Pandemic in Renal Transplant Recipients. date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2997 sentences = 143 flesch = 47 summary = The Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) are currently the only measures available to contain COVID-19 in the general population and in more vulnerable recipients of any organ transplant. In this cross-sectional case control study from a patient survey, undertaken in two Transplant Centers (TxC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy, we aimed to appraise the awareness of the NPI implemented by respective Governments. In this context, the Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) represent the main measures that can be applied to protect the wider population 4,5 and in particular to shield the more vulnerable, immunosuppressed recipients of any organ transplant. In our observational study we appraised the level of awareness of NPI, implemented by respective Governments in the KSA and Italy, of the KT recipients in both institutions. The survey was articulated in two main areas of questions aimed to achieve a cross sectional analysis of NPI awareness and clinical status of KT recipients, members of their household, and KLD in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329542-srls2syv author = Ma, Alice title = Stroke and Thromboprophylaxis in the era of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2443 sentences = 131 flesch = 37 summary = In the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, many patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke may be potentially infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) agent. In the critically ill, the PREVENT trial demonstrated no reduction in the incidence of proximal DVT from adjunctive use of IPC in patients already prescribed drug prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin [27] . The choice of drug will largely depend on local guidelines or institutional preference, however altered pharmacokinetics in the critically ill should be considered in addition to the potential prothrombotic state generated by COVIDof fibrinogen and d-dimer, and introduced higher intensity thromboprophylaxis regimes and therapeutic anticoagulation in selected patients ( Anticoagulation considerations in COVID-19 patients who develop stroke A situation that warrants consideration is that of patients hospitalized because of COVID-19 infection who have had VTE prophylaxis initiated on admission, and subsequently developed a large vessel ischemic stroke, an occurrence with a reported frequency up to 4.5% [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329561-4cz2jtt7 author = Ismael, F. title = Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5393 sentences = 462 flesch = 68 summary = We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD, adjusting for previous mental health status, time between baseline and outcome, and other confounders. Through this analysis, we investigated the association between COVID-19 symptoms and post-infection depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 in Brazil. We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD in the follow-up assessment, adjusting for previous mental health status, and the time between the baseline and outcome, among other possible confounders. Table 3 presents the results of the logistic regression models of the exposure (previous total number of symptoms of COVID-19) for the outcomes (categorical diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorder and PTSD). cache = ./cache/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329628-2bqrutrt author = Zhao, Xiaofang title = Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3428 sentences = 212 flesch = 54 summary = title: Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach The platelet count reflects the thrombocyte turnover, acting as a sensitive indicator of illness severity that is of great clinical utility to monitor a quickly changing health condition of patients affected by aggressive viral infections. In fact, several clinical observational studies have found that COVID-19 patients had lower counts of platelet [8, 9, 12, [14] [15] [16] . This study aimed to investigate the difference in platelet count between survivors and non-survivors among COVID-19 patients. Finally, the relationship between early (0-7 days) changes in platelet count and death in 532 COVID-19 patients derived from a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was analyzed ( Table 3) . Our data indicate that platelet count has important information, which could be used for improved prediction, patient stratification (moderate vs high severity of the disease), and personalized prevention needed for the COVID-19-infected individuals, in order to save lives and economical resources. cache = ./cache/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329536-3xsncmyi author = Passos, Lígia title = Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4367 sentences = 256 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. Socio-demographic and other factors: variables assessed included age, gender, country of residence (Portugal or Brazil), marital status, educational level, employment status, social isolation self-label, duration of social isolation, living arrangements during social isolation, diagnosis of COVID-19, alcohol consumption and alcohol addiction measured by the presence of two or more positive answers to the four-item CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire [33, 34] translated and validated for the Portuguese language [35] . To the extent of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329737-l8u4s73w author = Liew, Yixin title = Antimicrobial stewardship program, a vital resource for hospitals during the global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 62 flesch = 43 summary = Since then, the Ministry of Health, Singapore, quickly raised "Disease Outbreak Response System Condition" (DORSCON) alert to orange (the second highest level of alert) on 7th Feb 2020, and implemented various measures nationwide, including border control, quarantine of contacts of COVID-19 cases or those who have travelled to affected areas, temperature screening as well as restricting the number of visitors to the hospital. 1 In light of increasing COVID-19 cases locally and internationally, 2 our hospital faced competing manpower needs arising from health crisis management, leading to uncertainty over manpower allocation of non-direct patient care personnel e.g. antibiotic stewardship practitioners. Here, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic use and the role of Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) in Singapore General Hospital (SGH), an 1800-bed, tertiary-care hospital. Discontinuation of antibiotic therapy within 24 hours of treatment initiation for patients with no clinical evidence of bacterial infection: a 5-year safety and outcome study from Singapore General Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Program cache = ./cache/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329727-h47q76y8 author = Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title = Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3441 sentences = 201 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical, biological and radiological manifestations, the evolution, treatments and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 infection in the population of Barcelona city and determine the most important predictors of a poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms, the main available haematological and biochemical data and the results of imaging tests were recorded, as were comorbidities, the evolution, the hospitalization rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the treatments received. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease in primary and community healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237960.t002 In bold, statistically significant independent predictive factors associated with hospitalization, death or ICU admission (logistic multivariate regression adjusted for age and sex). cache = ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329779-5sauq4gp author = Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title = In Reply – Association of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers with Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 732 sentences = 46 flesch = 50 summary = To the Editor: Current guidelines and health professional recommendations endorse the continuation of both anti-hypertensives angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for managing hypertension (HTN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1, 2 In the meta-analysis of Garg et al., 3 which included studies published until May 31, 2020, both mortality or severe disease risk were not increased among J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f patients using ACEIs/ARBs. However, it was noted that administration of these drugs might reduce mortality in patients with HTN. 4 in which no beneficial association of ACEI/ARB use was found for COVID-19 severity or mortality, as would be expected given the normal circulating J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f levels of AngII. Only retrospective observational studies regarding the potentially deleterious effects of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients have been conducted to-date, and these findings need to be confirmed in prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT). cache = ./cache/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329796-h7ins2a8 author = Coombe, J. title = The impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive health of people living in Australia: findings from an online survey date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3931 sentences = 226 flesch = 51 summary = In this paper, we report on the results from the first survey and explore the impact of Australia-wide lockdown on reproductive health including pregnancy intentions and contraception access. cache = ./cache/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329580-eef8mem7 author = Rutter, Matthew D title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3725 sentences = 192 flesch = 46 summary = title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis CONCLUSION: This national analysis demonstrates the remarkable impact that the pandemic has had on endoscopic services, which has resulted in a substantial and concerning reduction in cancer detection. The aim of this paper was to use NED to examine in detail the historical changes in endoscopy service provision and cancer diagnosis in the immediate pre-COVID-19 era and during the early phase of the pandemic. For this current research, the NED IT team developed a dedicated COVID-19 module (Microsoft.Net, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Analysis Services OLAP; Microsoft Corporation) incorporating procedure-level data on all endoscopic procedures, including date of the procedure, procedure urgency, indication and cancer diagnosis, patient age and sex, endoscopist and endoscopy service, segmented in weekly intervals. Using the UK's NED, we have performed the first national analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy services and endoscopic cancer diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329898-g6og7oid author = Song, Rok title = COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities: Experience in Republic of Korea date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1719 sentences = 89 flesch = 57 summary = A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area. METHODS: The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020. An epidemiological investigation was conducted into 5 nursing facilities that reported a considerably high number of COVID-19 infected patients and thus required close management. As of May 16 th , 2020, a total of 74 COVID-19 infection cases were identified among 296 nursing facility users and workers. If a person was identified to have particularly close and/or frequent contact with an infected patient, or had symptoms related to COVID-19, that person was quarantined alone in a room, and designated caregivers were assigned with PPE (such as level D protection suits) to care for them. cache = ./cache/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329853-kf3kh26y author = Trimarchi, Hernán title = Eculizumab, SARS-CoV-2 and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1097 sentences = 64 flesch = 39 summary = Complement activation is thought to contribute to endothelial injury and there are at least seven ongoing clinical trials testing six different anti-complement strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including eculizumab. We herein report on a kidney transplant patient with aHUS on chronic eculizumab therapy that developed severe COVID-19 despite eculizumab administration early in the course of the disease. Although eculizumab was unable to prevent the development of severe endothelial cell injury, as assessed by increasing D-dimer levels from 292 to 10 586 ng/mL, the patient eventually recovered following dexamethasone and convalescent plasma administration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a kidney transplant recipient with aHUS on eculizumab therapy who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases cache = ./cache/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329671-f6x3if3q author = Hai, Shaikh title = Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 687 sentences = 49 flesch = 49 summary = title: Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic Although HIV can result in no/mild symptoms in reservoir hosts, similar to the coronavirus, 2 comparison to the 1918 H1N1 Spanish flu pandemic seems more appropriate for mode of transmission and infectivity. Although ethical considerations at the time were not extensively documented, the Spanish flu and following H1N1 pandemics have taught us lessons on pandemic preparation and public health. 3, 4 Second, we do not agree that medical trainees, such as residents or medical students, be fully involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the ACGME have guidelines for this, keeping in view trainees' personal safety balanced with their educational requirements and ethical considerations. Ethics in the time of coronavirus: recommendations in the COVID-19 pandemic Updated interim guidance for medical students' participation in patient care during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329770-tz8dwgzm author = Hamer, Mark title = Lifestyle Risk Factors, Inflammatory Mechanisms, and COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Community-Based Cohort Study of 387,109 Adults in UK date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2408 sentences = 133 flesch = 49 summary = We conducted the first large-scale general population study on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and excessive alcohol intake) for COVID-19 using prospective cohort data with national registry linkage to hospitalisation. After adjustment for age, sex and mutually for each lifestyle factor, physical inactivity (Relative risk, 1.32, 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 1.58), smoking (1.42;1.12, 1.79) and obesity (2.05 ;1.68, 2.49) but not heavy alcohol consumption (1.12; 0.93, 1.35) were all related to COVID-19. Accordingly, we examined the association of lifestyle risk factors with new cases of COVID-19-hospitalisations in a general population-based cohort study. 9 Our results suggested both overweight and obesity were risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection, consistent with emerging data in small clinical studies. Our data suggests low grade inflammation was a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and partially explained links between lifestyle behaviors and infection. Lifestyle risk factors, obesity and infectious disease mortality in the general population: Linkage study of 97,844 adults from England and Scotland cache = ./cache/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329855-pr7g6ivu author = Kalfaoglu, Bahire title = T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 infection revealed by single-cell analysis date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5344 sentences = 301 flesch = 50 summary = By in silico sorting CD4+ T-cells from a single cell RNA-seq dataset, we found that CD4+ T-cells were highly activated and showed unique differentiation pathways in the lung of severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, those T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients highly expressed immunoregulatory receptors and CD25, whilst repressing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 and interestingly, both the differentiation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17 was inhibited. Collectively, CD4+ T-cells from severe COVID-19 patients are hyperactivated and FOXP3-mediated negative feedback mechanisms are impaired in the lung, while activated CD4+ T-cells continue to promote further viral infection through the production of Furin. These CD25 + activated T-cells are likely to be short-lived and do not initiate FOXP3 transcription in severe COVID-19 patients, while they can differentiate into Tregs in moderate infections. These collectively support that FURIN expression is induced in highly activated non-regulatory CD25 + CD4 + T-cells in severe COVIDOur study has shown that CD4 + T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients have dysregulated activation and differentiation mechanisms. cache = ./cache/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329626-lsbny5to author = Losada-Baltar, Andrés title = “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3341 sentences = 205 flesch = 57 summary = Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Drawing upon the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) , which highlights the relevance of personal or social resources for understanding the differences in distress between individuals, the objective of this study is to analyze the capacity of variables related to the outbreak of COVID-19 to explain loneliness and distress in people exposed to COVID-19 lock-down scenario, controlling for sociodemographic variables (including age and selfperceptions of aging), and personal and family resources. The variables with a significant contribution to explaining distress in the final model were: being female, of lower chronological age, higher negative self-perceptions about aging, more time devoted to COVID-19 information, more contact with other relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer daily positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower reported quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness. cache = ./cache/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329900-lq91rb8c author = Seiffert, Moritz title = Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3350 sentences = 178 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. n.s. The percentage of patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, who underwent interventional or open-surgical procedures during the hospital stay, were similar between pre-COVID and COVID periods for STEMI (84.7-86.3%), NSTEMI (58.0-60.5%), acute limb ischemia (81.9-82.8%), aortic rupture (51.5-56.7%), stroke (18.4-19.1%), and TIA (2.1-2.2%) (Fig. 2 and Table 1 ). This analysis of a large dataset of routinely collected health insurance claims demonstrated a marked decrease in hospital admission rates for several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims, we observed a marked decrease of in-hospital admission rates for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies including myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, stroke, and transient ischemic attack during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329863-r2vqsg5r author = Salamanna, Francesca title = Overt and non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation and the potential role of heparin in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2771 sentences = 156 flesch = 42 summary = reviewing the data on coagulation abnormalities that occur in patients with COVID-19 suggested that this association is a consequence of the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that leads to thrombo-inflammation and drives thrombosis. 22, 23 The screening and diagnosis of non-overt DIC in patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 disease could be of key importance in order to optimize treatment and also prevent the organ failure representative of the most severe form of COVID-19. Since, as previously reported, COVID-19 is frequently complicated by coagulopathy and different forms of DIC can occur in patients, an active application of anticoagulants, such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), for patients with severe COVID-19 has been recommended by some expert consensus in China. Concerning the therapeutic use of LMWH in the presence of the most serious form of systemic activation of coagulation, DIC, or, more generally, for the treatment of specific hematological and/or clinical manifestation in patients with COVID-19, to date, there are still incomplete data and significant uncertainties with regard to safety. cache = ./cache/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329996-f2hxpat3 author = Wahlster, Sarah title = The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3834 sentences = 229 flesch = 54 summary = Emotional distress or burnout was high across regions (52%, highest in North America), and associated with female gender (aRR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01-1.33), being a nurse (aRR:1.31, 95% CI:1.13-1.53), reporting a shortage of ICU nurses (aRR:1.18, 95% CI:1.05-1.33) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) (aRR:1.30 95% CI:1.09-1.55), as well as experiencing poor communication from supervisors (aRR:1.30, 95% CI:1.16-1.46). We conducted multivariate log-binomial regression to assess predictors of three main outcomes: 1) limiting the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) for COVID-19 patients; 2) changing policies or practices of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and 3) reporting emotional distress and burnout. In the multivariate regression, the likelihood of limiting MV was 2-3 times higher in all other world regions compared to North America (Table 3a) , highest in settings where a lack of ventilators was reported (aRR:2.10, 95% CI:1.61-2.74), and marginally associated with lack of PAPRs and caring for >50 COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330120-xd9l948d author = van Dyck, Laura I. title = Combating Heightened Social Isolation of Nursing Home Elders: The Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak Program date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1494 sentences = 94 flesch = 40 summary = To address social isolation in nursing home residents, the Yale School of Medicine Geriatrics Student Interest Group initiated a Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak (TOCO) Program that implements weekly phone calls with student volunteers. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. Furthermore, while the program intended to focus on the needs of nursing home residents, weekly friendly phone calls have benefited the social wellbeing of student volunteers as well. As a medical student interest group, can we alleviate social isolation suffered by nursing home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic through weekly phone calls? Social isolation and loneliness in nursing home seniors-a common concern now exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic-is partly relieved by our replicable telephone outreach program cache = ./cache/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329821-psv2kvfa author = Rascado Sedes, P. title = Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19() date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3488 sentences = 511 flesch = 52 summary = En esta situación, las sociedades científicas SEMICYUC, representante de los especialistas en medicina intensiva, y SEEIUC, representante de las enfermeras de atención al paciente crítico, se plantean la necesidad elaborar un plan de contingencia para dar respuesta a las necesidades que conllevará esta nueva enfermedad, con los siguientes objetivos: 1. Aportar a las autoridades y gestores sanitarios y a los clínicos un documento técnico que aborde todos los aspectos relacionados con la identificación de las necesidades asistenciales de los pacientes graves ante la pandemia del nuevo virus SARS-CoV-2, para una planificación integral y realista de los servicios de medicina intensiva a escala nacional, autonómica y en cada hospital. • Los pacientes con COVID-19 críticos deben ser atendidos en una UCI por especialistas en medicina intensiva. En cuanto a la protección respiratoria, hacemos las siguientes recomendaciones 14 Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID19 5 • Los casos confirmados y en investigación deben llevar, si es posible, mascarillas quirúrgicas. cache = ./cache/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329989-176cvimy author = Federico, Antonio title = Scientific publishing in the COVID-19 era: successes and pitfalls date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1744 sentences = 80 flesch = 41 summary = All of the journals organized an expediated article evaluation, to enable the scientific community to share, as soon as possible, the emerging information regarding mitigating the effects of the pandemic on human health and providing suggestions concerning drug efficacy and the development of new care organizations. In fact, two studies of drug therapy and COVID-19 have been retracted from two different prestigious journals regarding the quality of the data obtained from an international database held by Surgisphere Corporation, which included electronic health records from 169 hospitals on three continents and was not controlled by the authors. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an extraordinary output of research regarding the novel pathological condition involving many millions of patients; however, this has necessitated an accelerated system of evaluation before publication, which was not easy to organize and that has sometimes failed. cache = ./cache/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329912-4tbwk8cp author = Loveday, Chey title = Prioritisation by FIT to mitigate the impact of delays in the 2-week wait colorectal cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK modelling study date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5322 sentences = 274 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) prioritisation to mitigate the impact of delays in the colorectal cancer (CRC) urgent diagnostic (2-week-wait (2WW)) pathway consequent from the COVID-19 pandemic. FIT triage of symptomatic patients in primary care could streamline access to colonoscopy, reduce delays for true-positive CRC cases and reduce nosocomial COVID-19 mortality in older true-negative 2WW referrals. 2 3 Reports of high rates of nosocomial COVID-19 infection and mortality present a dilemma to primary care physicians regarding the risk-benefit trade-off of investigatory referral into hospital for older patients with symptoms suggestive of cancer. We estimate that even short delays in the pathway to CRC treatment will result in significant mortality and lost LYs. Provided nosocomial infection rates are controlled, there is net survival benefit in all age groups for prompt investigatory referral for colonoscopy. cache = ./cache/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330022-n3d130t8 author = Pan, Daniel title = The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5069 sentences = 254 flesch = 44 summary = However, emerging data from the grey literature and preprint articles suggest BAME individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals and also worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19. We found 17 published studies of patients with COVID-19 which reported data on ethnicity; 1 reported an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in Black compared to White patients and 5 reported no association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes. 34 preprint articles on MedRxiv reported ethnicity; 13 reported an increased risk of acquiring infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 12 reported adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in BAME compared to White patients. Increasing numbers of articles from the UK and USA in the grey literature and in preprint suggest that individuals from BAME communities are at increased risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and worse clinical outcomes including hospitalization, ITU admission and mortality, compared to White patients. cache = ./cache/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329947-so64wlo2 author = Poggiali, Erika title = COVID-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumothorax: A Frightening Triad date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1085 sentences = 79 flesch = 46 summary = A chest CT scan also showed diffuse emphysema, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and small consolidations in the lower lobes, suggestive for COVID-19 pneumonia. Unfortunately, the patient died from COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome after 48 days of hospitalization. LEARNING POINTS: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause death from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pneumothorax is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We present the case of an 87-year-old man with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax. High-resolution chest CT scan (HRCT) confirmed the diagnosis of left pneumothorax and revealed diffuse emphysema, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and small consolidations in both lower lobes, suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia (Fig. 1) . CXR showed recurrence of a left pneumothorax, and an increase in the size and number of consolidations in the lower lobes, suggesting progression of COVID-19 pneumonia (Fig. 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329925-p4hfqath author = JunziShi title = Radiology workload changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for staff redeployment date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3129 sentences = 161 flesch = 39 summary = Therefore, this study aimed to quantify changes in total and by-subspecialty radiology workload due to deferring non-urgent services during the initial COVID-19 pandemic, and describe operational strategies implemented due to shifts in priority. During the study period, daily productivity metrics including total numbers of radiology reports by setting (inpatient, outpatient and Emergency Department), and associated work relative value units (RVUs) were tracked by subspecialty division using a pre-existing quality and safety dashboard.(references redacted) These data were subsequently downloaded to Microsoft Excel® (2020, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). In this assessment of initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology department workload, overall report volume and associated relative value units decreased in the 5-weeks after deferments of non-urgent outpatient services and surgeries began, compared with the 5-weeks prior to initiating deferments, by 60% (p<0.001). Deferring non-urgent outpatient procedures and surgeries resulted in decreased radiology volumes, overall and by-subspecialty division, during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330063-rigpx36k author = Williams, Owain Hedd title = Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1201 sentences = 72 flesch = 35 summary = • Novel case report highlighting association of COVID-19 precipitating symptoms of CADASIL; • Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL; • Proposed mechanism is endothelial injury with microvascular thrombosis and cerebral dysautoregulation; • We advise to consider patients with CADASIL a vulnerable group during the pandemic. (1) An association between COVID-19 and strokes have been described with characteristics including large vessel occlusion, multi-territory infarcts, concomitant venous thromboembolism, raised inflammatory markers, antiphospholipid antibody production, younger age of stroke, premorbid vascular co-morbidities, and a higher incidence of stroke with increasing COVID-19 severity.(2-4) Small vessel involvement have rarely been described; our case demonstrates multiple internal border zone infarcts, which are subcortical lesions at the junction between two arterial territories, typically attributed to haemodynamic compromise. There is evidence of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in CADASIL, with a proposed mechanism being impairment in the myogenic component of autoregulation where vascular smooth muscle constricts or dilates to transmural pressure changes.(1) Internal border zone infarcts have been reported in nine patients with CADASIL; whereby six had documented systemic hypotension, one occurring with intercurrent Influenza A infection. cache = ./cache/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330074-5iqqgy65 author = Patel, Smit D. title = Malignant Cerebral Ischemia in A COVID-19 Infected Patient: Case Review and Histopathological Findings date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1451 sentences = 89 flesch = 38 summary = However, this data is limited and comes from recent small case series and observational studies on stroke types, mechanisms, and outcomes.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Furthermore, evidence on the role of therapeutic anticoagulation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with elevated inflammatory markers, such as D-dimer, is also limited. We report the case of a middle-aged patient who presented with a large vessel ischemic stroke likely resulting from an underlying inflammatory response in the setting of known novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). We report the case of a middle-aged patient who presented with a large vessel ischemic stroke likely resulting from an underlying inflammatory response in the setting of known novel coronavirus infection . Ischemic stroke, Inflammatory conditions, COVID-19, Corona virus, SARS-CoV-2 RNA, cerebrovascular disease, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral sinus thrombosis, vasculitis, anticoagulation, thrombotic conditions, thromboembolic conditions Introduction: cache = ./cache/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330136-o8df8szx author = Fan, Hua title = Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 133 flesch = 54 summary = 40 non-survivors had test result of hs-TnI，they were divided into two groups based on cardiac injury，Further analysis revealed that non-survivors with elevated hs-TnI levels on admission had shorter duration from symptom onset to death, and TnI elevation was related to the dismal prognosis. The mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients is high, but its mechanism is not clear at present, and it might be related to the virus-induced acute lung injury, inflammatory factor storm. Our study discovered that the level of hs-TnI increased in many patients on admission, indicating that cardiac injury occurred in the early stage of the disease.The incidence rate of cardiac injury among patients at admission was 16.44%, with the non-survivors having an incidence rate of as high as 25.53%. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330129-izr62c68 author = Omer, Sumaira title = Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1950 sentences = 124 flesch = 51 summary = As of 17 March 2020, there are 153 countries who have reported cases of infection caused by this virus [i.e., coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19) ], with Italy becoming the new epicentre [1] . Importantly, viral respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, can easily develop during pregnancy, which means pregnant women may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and require prioritized medical care. Interim COVID-19 guidelines for the effective counselling and education of pregnant women are currently available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) [5, 6] . For effective management, pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 should be isolated and then transferred to a hospital equipped with sufficient health facilities and fully trained clinicians to take proper care of critically ill obstetric patients. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings cache = ./cache/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330061-q4xi260z author = Ferreira, João Guimarães title = Pneumothorax as a late complication of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2421 sentences = 151 flesch = 48 summary = We present a typical laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 pneumonia, that was hospitalized due to hypoxemia but did not require mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, patients with more severe disease comprise 14% of the cases, with progressive tachypnea and dyspnea after five to eight days from the beginning of the symptoms, low blood oxygen saturation, and/or lung infiltrates in > 50% of the lungs. Regarding laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infections, the most frequent findings for those who need admission to the intensive care unit are leukocytosis, higher neutrophil count, lymphopenia, increased values of CRP, LDH, aminotransferases, total bilirubin, creatinine, cardiac troponin, procalcitonin and D-dimer. Herein, we present a typical and laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 pneumonia, with clinical course deterioration during the third week of the disease due to a massive hypertensive pneumothorax with no known previous risk factor. Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report cache = ./cache/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329953-8nq7fvfh author = Le Grange, Lesley title = Covid-19 pandemic and the prospects of education in South Africa date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6254 sentences = 280 flesch = 49 summary = This pandemic has revealed the underbelly of South African society in general and its education system more specifically—it has laid bare the gross inequalities that are the legacies of apartheid and the consequences of neoliberal capitalism. Drawing on ideas articulated in the four introductory chapters of the International Handbook of Curriculum Research, edited by William Pinar in 2014, this article discusses Covid-19 and the prospects of education in South Africa. The article shows how understanding the wisdom of indigenous traditions along with the moral dimensions of education, race, and the new technologies of surveillance, neoliberalism, and education can provide a nuanced awareness of the nature of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accordingly, I divide the rest of the article into the following sections: the moral dimension of education; race, technologies of surveillance, and bio-informationism; neoliberalism and the prospects of education after the Covid-19 pandemic; and why we need Ubuntu-currere. cache = ./cache/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330151-7ylnxtcq author = Fang, Shilin title = Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 865 sentences = 66 flesch = 50 summary = title: Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study METHODS: The levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), complement (C3, C4) results were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (HR: 1.099; 95%CI: 1.057-1.143; p < 0.0001), d-dimer greater (HR: 1.294; 95%CI: 1.138-1.473; p < 0.0001) and decreased complement C3 level (HR: 0.073; 95%CI: 0.007-0.722; p = 0.025) on admission. Finally, in survival COVID-19 patients whose humoral immunity was re-examined, C3 levels tended to increase, while in non-survivors it decreased. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 330 and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of 394 severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases, Translational research : the journal of 395 laboratory and clinical medicine cache = ./cache/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329939-spa16qhz author = Miranda, Eduardo P. title = Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1256 sentences = 96 flesch = 52 summary = title: Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 As it is not possible to predict when routine sexual medicine practice will return, 96 the financial impact on many sexual health care providers can be dramatic. On 97 the other hand, public services have been mostly devoted to the fight against 98 COVID-19, and many sexual medicine experts who are public employees have 99 been allocated to work in the frontline or in regulation services. The reality is 100 that many public sexual medicine referral centers have been closed down, in 101 which all consultations and surgeries were cancelled and there is still no forecast 102 nutritionists have been allowed to perform online consultations for years, and 168 their successful experience in our country could be a model for sexual medicine 169 to build on. cache = ./cache/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330104-wgo4pml6 author = Farrugia, Gianrico title = Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1671 sentences = 93 flesch = 50 summary = In the ensuing weeks, health care organizations, industry partners, and government agencies worldwide have quickly come together to address pandemic challenges such as scaling high-quality laboratory tests, conducting treatment research, and enabling virtual health care in a time of social distancing. What we have accomplished together to date demonstrates the opportunity for future cross-sector partnerships in science and technology to fight the disease, while simultaneously creating the new digital health care solutions that our world greatly needs. Instead, we must seize the opportunity for cross-sector partnerships in science and technology to fight the disease, while simultaneously deploying new digital health care solutions that our world greatly needs. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) facilitated expanding access with The COVID-19 Telehealth Program, fasttracking application processes and funding to help health care providers quickly establish telehealth services for remote patients. cache = ./cache/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330159-vm30ohrb author = Beretta, Federica title = Practical Considerations for the Management of Cushing's Disease and COVID-19: A Case Report date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2747 sentences = 141 flesch = 41 summary = Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. All antidiabetic medications were suspended in the early days of hospitalization owing to the good glucose control; however, in the mid of hospitalization, we observed a persistence of symptomatic hypotension with hypoglycemia, and in suspicion of adrenal insufficiency (blood pressure 90/60 mmHg), we withdrew metyrapone and i.v. hydrocortisone 50 mg was promptly prescribed (Figure 1) . CS patients might develop a severe form of COVID-19 infection, considering that the major comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality are hypertension, diabetes, previous heart disease, and cerebral infarction (10) . → Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. → Consider the possibility to titrate or temporary halt medical therapies for CS in the context of COVID-19 infection in order to avoid adrenal insufficiency. cache = ./cache/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329985-5rji08p7 author = Robba, Chiara title = Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4382 sentences = 220 flesch = 42 summary = The abnormalities observed on chest computed tomography (CT) and the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients are not always like those of typical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and can change over time. Few data are available on the efficacy of noninvasive support-which includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO)-in COVID-19 pneumonia. When hypoxemia and respiratory failure persist or worsen after oxygen therapy or within a short time (1 hour) of placement of HFNO or NIV support, or in case of persistent hypercapnia, organ failure, coma, risk or aspiration, or hemodynamic instability, invasive mechanical ventilation should J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f be implemented as soon as possible (Fig. 2) . As noted above, we have found that chest CT findings in COVID-19 fall into three different phenotypes, each warranting unique mechanical ventilation settings and management strategies, which should thus be individualized based on clinical and CT features (Fig. 1, Additional File 1, Fig. S1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330089-926y1hfj author = Russo, Vincenzo title = Effect of Triple Combination Therapy With Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine on QT Interval and Arrhythmic Risk in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2646 sentences = 153 flesch = 42 summary = INTRODUCTION: No data are provided about the effect of triple combination therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPN/RTN), hydroxychloroquine (HQ) and azithromycin (AZT) on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk, in COVID-19 patients. No data are provided about the effect of triple combination therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPN/RTN), hydroxychloroquine (HQ) and azithromycin (AZT) on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk, in COVID-19 patients. The concomitant use of three or more QT prolonging drugs twice increases the risk of QT prolongation in hospitalized patients on cardiology ward (Khan et al., 2017) ; however, no data on the effect of triple combination therapy with LPN/RTN, HQ and AZT on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk have been still provided. We observed a high incidence of extreme QTc interval prolongation among COVID-19 patients on triple combination therapy with lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, leading to discontinuation of pharmacological treatments in about half the cases. cache = ./cache/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330093-asba80bi author = Leung, Janice M. title = Smoking, ACE-2 and COVID-19: ongoing controversies date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2777 sentences = 145 flesch = 48 summary = Both research teams are reporting increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression in airways of current smokers and those with COPD, with important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Since ACE-2 has been shown to be the main receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cells [2] , the authors conclude that nicotine is a risk factor for COVID-19. Here, we bring to the discussion whether the increased susceptibility and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 via α7-nAChR and the upregulation of small airway ACE-2 expression may also be relevant for those who vape using nicotine-based e-cigarettes. While smoking may not necessarily increase one's risk for contracting COVID-19, the biological and inflammatory cascade that occurs upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be particularly devastating for a smoker. cache = ./cache/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330050-05nnihst author = Li, Yang title = Emergency trauma care during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4375 sentences = 230 flesch = 43 summary = MAIN BODY: The article illustrates the general principles for the triage and evaluation of trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19, indications for emergency surgery, and infection prevention and control for medical personnel, providing a practical algorithm for trauma care providers during the outbreak period. To protect the medical personnel involved in emergency care and ensure the timeliness of trauma care, we have summarized the recommended perioperative infection prevention and control measures for trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 based on current practical experience in China and the published literature on surgical practice during the past outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). CT scan protocol for trauma patients suspected of having COVID-19: Medical personnel should first determine the method and scope of the scan, including but not limited to the chest, according to the mechanism of injury. cache = ./cache/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330171-l7p0sxqu author = Branicki, Layla J. title = COVID‐19, Ethics of Care, and Feminist Crisis Management date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5349 sentences = 264 flesch = 44 summary = Before embarking on a discussion of ethics of care and how it might inform the theory and practice of crisis management, it is important to recognize that conceptualizations of crisis appear frequently in feminist works and to distinguish crisis as understood in feminist writing from crisis management as a specific activity undertaken within institutions and organizations in society. Carol Gilligan's (1993) [first published in 1982, 1993 edition referred to throughout] conceptualization of "ethic of care" provides a basis to illuminate the normative dimensions of crisis management and to feminize its focal concerns and praxis. Lawrence and Maitlis (2012) propose that ethic of care scholarship tends to focus more on theory than action, and in this paper I highlight the practical advantages that could flow from thinking and acting differently about crisis, especially socially disruptive extreme crises like COVID-19 that have multiple effects on societies globally. cache = ./cache/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330388-lq6fsl9i author = Adam, E. J. title = COVID-19: could CT provide the best population level biomarker? Incidental COVID-19 in major trauma patients suggests higher than predicted rates of infection in London date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2556 sentences = 131 flesch = 55 summary = Aim To evaluate incidental findings in major trauma patients, and to explore whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to assess prevalence and estimate disease spread in the general population. The proportion of patients with incidental COVID-19 changes was recorded over the study period, and the percentage of the population who had been affected by COVID-19 by the end of April 2020 estimated. The present study used retrospective information from patients who underwent CT for major trauma to evaluate the rates of disease in the general population, on the basis that these patients can be considered to represent an approximation to a random sample of the population. In summary, the present results suggest that imaging of major trauma patients has great potential to provide insight into the spread and population prevalence of COVID-19 using already available evidence, and by making a further assumption on duration of the CT signs, the incidence, cumulative incidence, and the percentage population who have had the disease can be estimated. cache = ./cache/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330299-fcqtstpk author = Tsuchiya, Atsunori title = Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3057 sentences = 168 flesch = 45 summary = title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases In this review, we report the background of severe cases of COVID-19, basic aspects and mechanisms of action of MSCs and their exosomes, and discuss basic and clinical studies based on MSCs and exosomes for influenza-induced ARDS. Finally, we report the potential of MSC and exosome therapy in severe cases of COVID-19 in recently initiated or planned clinical trials of MSCs (33 trials) and exosomes (1 trial) registered in 13 countries on ClinicalTrials.gov. For the severe COVID-19 cases with cytokine storms, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes are a potential treatment option [10] [11] [12] . For the prevention of aggravation, and for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19, MSC and exosome therapy may be a potential option. Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330017-t14o7rua author = Galiero, Raffaele title = The Importance of Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3666 sentences = 179 flesch = 38 summary = New evidence and technological improvements in telemedicine application in diabetic retinopathy (DR) have demonstrated efficacy and usefulness in screening. However, the deployment of device and digital application used to increase screening of individuals and monitor progression of retinal disease needs to be easily accessible to general practitioners. In fact, during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the mandatory social distancing imposed to prevent the outspread of infection, the use of telemedicine in diabetes monitoring has been remarkably increasing. Thanks to these tools, screening has been extended to a much larger portion of diabetic subjects, and the comparison between telemedicine and standard fundus oculus exam has revealed a good efficacy from the use of nonmydriatic cameras both in terms of sensitivity and specificity [43] . New evidence and technological improvement of devices have made telemedicine a useful solution for diabetic retinopathy screening. cache = ./cache/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330346-9zi5culm author = Uddin Chowdhury, Md Reaz title = COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1697 sentences = 109 flesch = 49 summary = title: COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh CASE REPORT: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia accounts for approximately one-third of all cases.In the diagnosis of SIADH it is important to ascertain the euvolemic state of extra cellular fluid volume, both clinically and laboratory measurement. Howover, Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) associated with SIADH were only few cases reported.We are presenting a case of 70 year old female admitted with unconsciousness later diagnosed as severe hyponatremia along with COVID-19 complicated with severe pneumonia. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),transmitted often from human to human by droplet and contact routes [5] .The disease usually manifests as upper or lower respiratory system illness in majority of clinical presentation [6] .We describe a case of 70 year aged woman with SIADH associated COVID-19 with severe pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author = Cai, Xiaofang title = Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4287 sentences = 223 flesch = 50 summary = All febrile or suspected COVID-19 cases were referred to the fever clinic, and the others-including critically ill children-were received by the emergency department after pediatric 5-level triage. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of these children admitted from the emergency department to characterize thoroughly the features of COVID-19 that can be evaluated to distinguish this novel disease from pneumonia caused by other pathogens in pediatric patients. Owing to the parents' fear that their children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was shorter for confirmed COVID-19 cases (2.0 days) than that for suspected COVID-19 cases (3.0 days) and non-COVID-19 cases (4.0 days) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serologic testing can serve as an important adjunctive method for COVID-19 diagnosis, especially when the patient is highly suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection but is found to be negative by nucleic acid testing. cache = ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330126-sny9w9y8 author = Deng, Fuxue title = Corticosteroids in diabetes patients infected with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1151 sentences = 61 flesch = 44 summary = A large national analysis investigating the comorbidity and its effect on 1590 patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals around mainland China showed that diabetes (8.2%) is the second most prevalent comorbidity following hypertension (16.9%), and its hazard ratio (HR) is 1.59 with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.03 and 2.45 after adjusting for age and smoking status [1] . An analysis of medical history, symptoms and signs, demographic data, and laboratory and CT results from 174 consecutive patients with COVID-19 revealed that diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19 and a poor prognostic predictor of the disease [2] . Therefore, patients with diabetes and prediabetes who were infected with COVID-19 are a huge population in China and need close attention and care in treatment. An Expert Consensus on the Use of Corticosteroid in Patients with 2019-nCoV Pneumonia in China mentioned the dispute and controversy about corticosteroid usage for patients with COVID-19 and suggested that glucocorticoids should be administered with caution. cache = ./cache/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330261-8sb9sc7o author = Sahoo, D. P. title = Hospital based contact tracing of COVID-19 patients and health care workers and risk stratification of exposed health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern India date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3302 sentences = 172 flesch = 58 summary = Number of high risk contacts was more in Non-COVID area (15.84) as compared to COVID area (0.27); p value < 0.001), amongst IPD patients (6.61) as compared to staff (4.02) and OPD (0.22) ; p value = 0.009 and when clustering of cases present (14.35) as compared to isolated cases (8.21); p value < 0.001 Conclusion: The case identification, risk stratification and contact tracing have helped in reducing the number of contacts with due course of time, so preventing the depletion of human resources for continuing health care. In our hospital which caters to both COVID-19 patients and other patients, we adopted the contact tracing and risk stratification approach based on these guidelines to categorize exposed HCWs into high and low-risk contacts. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.01.20220475 doi: medRxiv preprint have reported the yield of hospital-based contact tracing of patients and HCWs tested positive for COVID-19 and risk stratification of exposed HCWs in the hospital a statutory body under the aegis of MOHFW, Government of India. cache = ./cache/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330395-2qoyrqmj author = Huq, Samin title = COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1463 sentences = 87 flesch = 59 summary = The decisions of cluster-wise lockdown or social distancing, or even preparing the health system to respond to the pandemic are made without the availability of adequate data. Although scarcity of test kits and lack of awareness from the general public certainly contributed to the crisis, Bangladesh is one of the few countries which had more than two months to prepare for COVID-19 crisis. The crisis has already started in the form of limited availability of disinfectants and personal protective equipment in the health care facilities. The recent surge of daily testing has managed to uncover more cases and traces of transmission at the community level. Additionally, it can lead to a surge on heightened risk of exposure due to minimized health response priorities, efforts and initiatives -such as contact tracing and testing in the rural areas and considering their movement to the urban areas. cache = ./cache/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330239-l8fp8cvz author = Oyelade, O. N. title = Deep Learning Model for Improving the Characterization of Coronavirus on Chest X-ray Images Using CNN date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6444 sentences = 325 flesch = 50 summary = The proposed model is then applied to the COVID-19 X-ray dataset in this study which is the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-Ray dataset obtained from Kaggle for the purpose of promoting early detection and screening of coronavirus disease. Several studies [4, 5, 6, 78, 26, 30] and reviews which have adapted CNN to the task of detection and classification of COVID-19 have proven that the deep learning model is one of the most popular and effective approaches in the diagnosis of COVD-19 from digitized images. In this paper, we propose the application of deep learning model in the category of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques to automate the process of extracting important features and then classification or detection of COVID-19 from digital images, and this may eventually be supportive in overcoming the issue of a shortage of trained physicians in remote communities [24] . cache = ./cache/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330411-hg1cxcs7 author = Keddie, S. title = Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and management date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2407 sentences = 138 flesch = 46 summary = This study investigates the routine laboratory tests and cytokines implicated in COVID-19 for their potential application as biomarkers of disease severity, respiratory failure and need of higher-level care. From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support (p ≤ 0.001). This study comprehensively explored clinical disease features and routine laboratory tests against specialist cytokine biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease and its complications, to address their association with disease severity, respiratory intervention and outcome. Biomarker analysis of CRP, LDH and the cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, alongside thorough clinical assessment of COVID-19 patients, enables more accurate stratification of high from low risk cases and the need for intensive care support. cache = ./cache/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330464-j4o7m9ck author = Ng, Jun Jie title = Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2592 sentences = 146 flesch = 55 summary = authors: Ng, Jun Jie; Gan, Tiffany R.X.; Niam, Jen Yong; Menon, Raj K.; Ho, Pei; Dharmaraj, Rajesh B.; Wong, Julian C.L.; Choong, Andrew M.T.L. title: Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic The initial surge in COVID-19 cases in late January 6 and February can be attributed to travellers from China visiting Singapore and causing limited 7 local transmission. Segregated team model 23 After the DORSCON alert level system was raised to orange on 7 February 2020, our 1 vascular surgery unit immediately adopted a segregated team model as part of its business 2 continuity plan. Thus far, we have not However, due to the various institutional policies implemented for COVID-19, the 21 amount of elective vascular surgery cases such as pre-emptive dialysis access creation, and 22 venous surgery have fallen. cache = ./cache/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330205-hj0o33xo author = Garrido, Isabel title = “Cirrhosis management in a major referral center during COVID-19” date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1129 sentences = 67 flesch = 50 summary = We read with great interest the EASL-ESCMID Position Paper about the care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic first published in early April 2 . By the 13 th of March, based on the limited literature available by then and on the experience with previous pandemics, these measures were outlined in a well-defined protocol, aiming to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, guarantee the best treatment to avoid hepatic decompensation, reduce loss to follow-up and avoid delayed medical referrals. Patients with cirrhosis testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were admitted for inpatient care if another poor prognostic factor was present, such as cardiovascular diseases, Child B/C or HCC and they were managed in COVID-19 Units by multidisciplinary teams. This protocol, mostly mirroring the EASL position paper, shows that the level of care to cirrhotic patients could be maintained during the pandemic. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper cache = ./cache/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330431-9txstz4n author = Nomikos, Iakovos N title = What Else but Covid-19 Pandemic? Lessons Learned date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2562 sentences = 126 flesch = 46 summary = This experience helped health care providers in hospitals to apply early, strict rules for the control and prevention of the disease spread such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and rules of minimising the risks of aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), to mention some of them. In general, the response to COVID-19 outbreak was multifold and included many services to effectively control the spread and manage the cases, such as medical care, surveillance, infection prevention and control, communication, logistics, psycho-social support, safe and dignified burials, etc. One major and critical contributor to COVID-19 pandemic management was and remains the society engagement and its trust and acceptance of different rules and guidelines issued by the local health authorities. For this reason, many publications suggested recommendations for the prioritisation, treatment, and triage of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330369-75cotmn2 author = López, Verónica title = Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3483 sentences = 219 flesch = 49 summary = In kidney transplant recipients, due to their status of immunosuppression, the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia may differ from the general population, hence the importance of early diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 screening, in those cases where the infection is suspected. Currently there is no evidence from controlled clinical trials to recommend a specific treatment for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the general population in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID19. 7 Therefore, given the limited experience accumulated and the high probability of torpid evolution in a short period of time, with the development of multi-organ failure and the need for respiratory support, the immunosuppressive strategy recommended a priori, at least in the most severe cases of kidney transplant patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, should involve the temporary interruption of immunosuppressants and the start of methylprednisolone at low doses between 20 and 40 mg/day, to confer the rapid acquisition of the necessary cellular immunity to control the infection and thus prevent vital complications. cache = ./cache/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330545-jrmott3i author = Abuzeineh, Mohammad title = Telemedicine in the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: Case Reports date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3333 sentences = 193 flesch = 50 summary = Herein we present reports of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 that were managed using telemedicine via synchronous video visits integrated with an electronic medical records system, from home to inpatient settings. While there is limited information about the duration of viral shedding for immunosuppressed patients, our findings underscore the importance of using telemedicine in the follow-up care for kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who have recovered from symptoms but might have persistently positive NAT tests. While there is limited information about the duration of viral shedding for immunosuppressed patients, our findings underscore the importance of using telemedicine in the follow-up care for kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who have recovered from symptoms but might have persistently positive NAT tests. Given stable vital signs but increased work of breathing, the decision was made to arrange for direct hospital admission to a dedicated COVID-19 inpatient unit, avoiding the emergency room (ER) route to reduce risk of exposure to patients, health care workers, and the public. cache = ./cache/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330320-27dj69i1 author = Valitutti, Francesco title = Effect of Population Lockdown on Pediatric Emergency Room Demands in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2655 sentences = 136 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: A cross-sectional study on pediatric emergency department consultations before and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2019 vs. Nevertheless, the current scenario highlighted the need for appropriate and timely clinical evaluations in the pediatric primary care to tackle late and more severe diagnoses in EDs. Emergency department (ED) patient flow includes roughly 20-25% of pediatric consultations in western countries each day (1) . The aim of our cross-sectional study was to highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED consultation appropriateness for children in two hospitals of Southern Italy, comparing retrospective data from the trimesters March-May 2019 and March-May 2020. Covid-19 nasal swabs were performed for 385 children; of those, six resulted positive and four of them were hospitalized elsewhere (Pediatric Regional Hub for Infectious Disease); two were quarantined in their house under special medical team follow-up. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and population lockdown on pediatric ED consultations and appropriateness analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330492-kbob8z48 author = Vervoort, Dominique title = Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1558 sentences = 89 flesch = 43 summary = 2 Additionally, increased rates of burnout among health workers, and cases of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of frontline experiences can lead to a shortage of professionals trained to care for patients. Additionally, the shift in priority of primary care to triage suspected COVID-19 patients may limit the time available for routine visits (e.g., tracking CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes -which have previously demonstrated survival benefit), supporting smoking cessation, and providing psychosocial support, despite the emergence of telehealth visits. 1. Real-time outcomes tracking will better inform the development of disease-specific guidelines for specialty care during pandemics, as well as the interaction between COVID-19 and pre-existing surgical conditions. These include ensuring that a separate emergency team remains active and able to accept cases, minimizing crossover infections among patients and health workers, dedicating select hospitals, catheterization labs, operating rooms, and wards to non-COVID-19 patients, and allowing other healthcare personnel to become available when COVID-19 patients surge. cache = ./cache/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author = Bowden, Kasey title = Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2462 sentences = 107 flesch = 46 summary = Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. Starting with preparedness models outlined by Persoff et al., 10 Frank et al., 8 the CHEST consensus statement, 11, 12 and our existing disaster plans, we developed a modified framework for hospital operations management and staffing, anticipating a massive influx of acutely ill, medically complex, and highly contagious patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330607-zn4urrxc author = Chi, Qiong title = Differential diagnosis for suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3215 sentences = 165 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of suspected COVID-19 treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 21 to February 20, 2020 were divided into confirmed and COVID-19-negative groups based on the results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nucleic acid testing of the novel coronavirus in throat swab specimens to compare the clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging results between the groups. More common chest imaging characteristics of the confirmed COVID-19 cases by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) included ground-glass opacities (GGOs), multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation with bilateral involvement than COVID-19-negative group (82.4% vs 31.4%, P = 0.0002; 41.2% vs 17.6% vs P = 0.048; 76.5% vs 43.1%, P = 0.017; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: WBC count inversely correlated with the severity of fever, GGOs, multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation in chest HRCT and clustered infection are common but not specific features in the confirmed COVID-19 group. cache = ./cache/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330639-1b278jcm author = Bandyopadhyay, S. title = Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a scoping review date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6858 sentences = 470 flesch = 59 summary = Outcome measures Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19 specific data, demographics of affected HCWs, and public health measures employed Results A total of 152,888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs. From a cluster of patients with pneumonia linked to a wet market in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a full-blown pandemic (1, 2) . The aim of this scoping review was to, therefore, estimate the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in HCWs in every country in the world, with further demographical analyses where data was available. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20119594 doi: medRxiv preprint Appendix S7: Supplementary figures for the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths reported in healthcare worker per country as of 08/05/2020 . cache = ./cache/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330478-g9n2mfni author = Hattenbach, Lars-Olof title = Krisenstrategien der Kliniken während der Pandemie date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1540 sentences = 184 flesch = 41 summary = authors: Hattenbach, Lars-Olof; Reinhard, Thomas; Walter, Peter; Roider, Johannes; Feltgen, Nicolas; Hesse, Lutz; Schrecker, Jens; Eter, Nicole Hintergrund Die SARS-CoV-2(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-Pandemie hat während der ersten Monate des Jahres 2020 weltweit zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen der medizinischen Versorgung mit massiven Einschränkungen bei chirurgischen Eingriffen und nichtdringlichen ambulanten wie stationären Behandlungen geführt [1] [2] [3] [4] . Jüngere Publikationen zeigen jedoch, dass das Risiko einer Ansteckung durch Tränenflüssigkeit selbst bei COVID-19-Patienten eher gering ist und auch die Häufigkeit des Auftretens einer Konjunktivitis nur bei etwa 1 % liegt [12] [13] [14] . Despite the challenge of a significant shift of medical resources during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, medically urgently necessary ophthalmological treatments are continuously provided by maximum care clinics; however, based on currently available data, it cannot be ruled out whether treatment of emergency patients was delayed during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330461-4bncbqsb author = Warth, Lucian C. title = How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2969 sentences = 165 flesch = 49 summary = The significant financial resources AAHKS Industry Partners have historically committed to 38 support national and regional orthopaedic meetings, surgeon education, clinical research, 39 surgical/vendor OR support, and technological innovation have required re-distribution to varying 40 degrees to maintain fiscal solvency. Orthopaedic practice models of AAHKS members differ 47 significantly and will be affected to varying extents moving forward; the ability to increase production 48 during the 2 nd half of the fiscal year for the private practice, academic, and hospital employed surgeon 49 must be considered both separately and as a collective; needs in terms of optimal industry support will 50 be heterogeneous. The survey and interview 105 responses provided by AAHKS Industry Partners varied considerably, however strong common themes 106 of continued commitment to education, as well as the expectation for elevated levels of vendor/surgical 107 support in the 2 nd half of 2020 emerged. cache = ./cache/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330656-y6m47tq4 author = Seo, Eunhye title = Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 839 sentences = 56 flesch = 56 summary = title: Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea We believe it is time that the current health examination system for workers in the ROK considered the risk of transmissible diseases. Due to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, regular health examinations for workers in the ROK have been pending for several months. The most important reason for this uncertainty is that the current system does not consider the effects of transmissible disease outbreaks on the regular health examination system of Korean workers. In fact, the legal grounds for onsite COVID-19 testing is weak, although the Korean Medical Service Act allows physicians to practice outside hospitals when it is officially sanctioned by authorities in public interest, which could be the case with the current regular health examination system for workers. cache = ./cache/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330655-crfj5adf author = Haider, Asim title = COVID-19 and the Brain: Acute Encephalitis as a Clinical Manifestation date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1597 sentences = 92 flesch = 44 summary = The researchers confirmed the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by genome sequencing [4] . Due to suspicion of COVID-19-related encephalitis, the patient received two doses of tocilizumab (400 mg each) followed by intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (1 g/kg) for five days. A study that specifically investigated this issue documented that 36% of the hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of an acute respiratory syndrome from COVID-19 infection had some neurological manifestations. The exact mechanism by which COVID-19 infects CNS is not well-understood due to a lack of experimental data, but it is considered a mutation of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus [3] . Two case series involving CSF analysis data from 12 patients reported that the CSF had no white blood cells and the PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all the patients [9, 10] . Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study cache = ./cache/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330641-pxvc2nw5 author = Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title = Should atrial fibrillation be considered a cardiovascular risk factor for a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients? date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 624 sentences = 42 flesch = 54 summary = diseases are included in the CVD generic group or serious heart conditions, and there is no information at present to conclude whether atrial fibrillation (AF) would contribute to increasing the risk for severe forms of COVID-19, worse prognosis, or even higher mortality. 1 have collected demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of 53 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and with a history of cardiac disease hospitalized in Brescia, Lombardy (Italy). 3 In effect, some forms of arrhythmia were present in 60% of 85 fatal cases, which suggests that cardiac arrhythmia is associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, it has been previously described that plasma ACE2 activity levels are increased in AF and have been suggested as a better marker of disease severity in human AF. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and cardiac disease in Northern Italy cache = ./cache/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330550-cxdrac0o author = Canonico, Mario Enrico title = The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 917 sentences = 49 flesch = 35 summary = Of note, anticoagulant treatment was associated with decreased mortality in severely affected COVID-19 patients. These drugs include antiviral agents (e.g. atazanavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin and interferon-b), drugs used for autoimmune disease (e.g. hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine), and anti-cytokine treatments (e.g. tocilizumab and arilumab). Specifically, the levels of dicumarolic agents are increased when coadministred with atazanavir, via CYP2C9 inhibition, while they are decreased with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin via CYP2C9 induction . Nowadays, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are the preferred choice in clinical practice, with a better effective and safety profile compared with dicumarolic agents; however, the risk of DDIs in patients treated for COVID-19 is not negligible. Direct Xa inhibitors, such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban, are contraindicated when coadministered with antiviral agents, because the inhibition of CYP3A4 (e.g. atazanavir and lopinavir) and a P-gp (e.g. ritonavir) increases their serum concentration by two-fold. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy cache = ./cache/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330658-vp8fcy1a author = Hale, Molly title = Outbreak Investigation of COVID-19 in Hospital Food Service Workers date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1103 sentences = 60 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract An outbreak of ten COVID-19 cases among food and nutrition department employees occurred before the institution implemented universal masking and physical spacing between staff as part of an overall COVID-19 pandemic response. The formal investigation included contact tracing, education of employees on infection control measures and safe practices (e.g. not coming to work ill), implementing control measures, employee screening (temperature checks, symptom screen, and asymptomatic COVID-19 testing), communication of key findings and maintaining the surveillance system. Ten staff members from the food and nutrition department were positive for SARS-CoV-2 during this investigation. The index case in this COVID-19 outbreak among hospital food and nutrition staff worked 4 shifts with mild respiratory symptoms before seeking evaluation and treatment. Seven additional staff in this department became symptomatic and tested positive for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330597-nftwj0d5 author = Hopfer, Helmut title = Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4636 sentences = 328 flesch = 48 summary = Using micrographs from infected cell cultures and autopsy tissues, we show how coronavirus replication affects ultrastructure and put the morphological findings in the context of viral replication, which induces extensive remodelling of the intracellular membrane systems. To better understand the ultrastructural morphology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, we will first briefly discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and coronavirus replication in general and then examine the TEM findings in more detail. All rights reserved Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and the morphological changes associated with replication can be visualised by TEM in infected cell lines (figure 3A-G) [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] 87, 88] or organoids [96, 97] . Based on the cell culture findings outlined above, we expect to find the same SARS-CoV-2 morphology and distribution in vesicles of autopsy and biopsy tissues of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330626-0aidit63 author = Sepulveda, Jorge title = Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization during COVID-19 Surge in New York City date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2695 sentences = 125 flesch = 47 summary = A surge of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to New York City hospitals in March 2020 led to a sharp increase in blood culture utilization, which overwhelmed the capacity of automated blood culture instruments. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 88,201 blood cultures from 28,011 patients at a multicenter network of hospitals within New York City to evaluate order volume, positivity rate, time to positivity, and etiologies of positive cultures in COVID-19. Clear communication with ordering providers is necessary to prevent overutilization of blood cultures during patient surges, and laboratories should consider shortening the incubation period from 5 days to 4 days, if necessary, to free additional capacity. Frequent ordering of blood cultures for patients with COVID-19 may overwhelm a laboratory's capacity to perform and process these tests, which may negatively impact the overall benefit of testing for the entire medical center. cache = ./cache/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330728-tul659fr author = Zaed, Ismail title = How is COVID-19 going to affect education in neurosurgery? A step toward a new era of educational training date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1539 sentences = 86 flesch = 54 summary = Many medical offices have either made the 40 transition to telemedicine or greatly reduced their patient volumes to accommodate the widely accepted 41 "social distancing" recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States COVID-19 has forced us to rapidly adapt, integrate, and use technology to help us survive during these 46 challenging times. Despite being a very promising 110 technology able to influence neurosurgical training, several barriers still need to be defeated, such as the 111 expensiveness of the acquisition, the significant amount of space that many hospitals and programs do not 112 have for its installation and the fact that even the most modern simulators allow the performance of only a 113 few specific procedures. In more recent times, VR technologies started to be used also 124 in surgical fields, allowing an enhanced training of surgical skills. cache = ./cache/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330711-y65csypc author = Zimmerer, Karl S. title = Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2504 sentences = 138 flesch = 39 summary = title: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America This framework examines the interactive functioning of agrobiodiversity in food and nutrition security together with the influence of food-system governance including markets, distribution and logistics networks, and seed systems. This framework enables us to focus on key links of informal food chains that are particularly disrupted in the COVID-19 crisis and threaten to undermine food and nutrition security as well as agrobiodiversity. Informally sourced, affordable seed accounts for 95% or more of supply in western South America and many regions, being generally critical for food security and agrobiodiversity access globally (Almekinders et al. Seed trade in rural markets: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening-not weakening-to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America Implications for crop diversity and agricultural development cache = ./cache/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330676-urr9oqfc author = Keny, Dr Swapnil title = Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries in non covid patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: Perspective from India date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2211 sentences = 119 flesch = 49 summary = This case series describes our experience of the first 18 emergency and urgent surgeries performed at a tertiary care institute in India during the COVID 19 pandemic following the protocols set up by our centre as per government guidelines and International recommendations. Between March 20th 2020 and April 30th 2020, over a span of 40 days, 18 Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries were performed on non COVID patients by four surgeons at our centre in the city of Mumbai , in India as per protocols set up at our institution. Once the preliminary thermal screening for Pyrexia and symptoms of COVID 19 was performed, the patients were directed to 3 different containment zones in the ER All Emergency surgeries were performed by personnel from the surgical team, the anesthesia team and the medical support staff wearing PPE's. cache = ./cache/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330717-uzrxtgrg author = Gupta, Madhu title = The need for COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1840 sentences = 96 flesch = 40 summary = We therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in lowand middle-income countries: transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the impact of pandemic prevention and response measures. Targeted research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVID-19 in lowand middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources, funding, or medical supplies from response activities. We propose three broad research questions to inform public health and policy responses to COVID-19 in LMICs: (1) how do the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission differ in resource-poor settings? A more thorough understanding of the relationship between climate, seasonality, and virus transmissibility could provide insights into the potential course of the pandemic in LMICs that tend to be warmer and more humid, supporting preparedness and response efforts in these settings. cache = ./cache/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330786-52xyuwum author = Jones, C. M. title = Considerations for the Treatment of Oesophageal Cancer With Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2083 sentences = 107 flesch = 42 summary = Consensus was sought for evidence-based approaches to the management of oesophageal cancer that would maintain benefit, minimise risk to the patient, accommodate for service pressures and limit hospital attendance. Standard treatment approaches for potentially curable oesophageal cancer typically comprise neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by either resection or definitive CRT (dCRT), with some patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy or CRT dependent on resection margins and performance status. If there is uncertainty related to surgical capacity, we would suggest that dCRT with no neoadjuvant or induction component is the most appropriate option to provide an upfront definitive treatment approach while limiting infection risk. In patients for whom the risks of dCRT are considered too great, or in instances where there is limited chemotherapy provision, consider definitive hypofractionated radiotherapy for locally advanced disease. Tumours of up to 5 cm Table 1 A summary of recommendations for the radiotherapy-based management of patients with oesophageal cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330640-6ityxc64 author = Gupta, Ashim title = Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5159 sentences = 245 flesch = 37 summary = In the case of pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI) [12] , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [13, 14] and sepsis studies investigating therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated safety and some positive effects on these conditions [11] . Another study demonstrated that the efficacy of MSC-based therapy is enhanced with lipid conjugated heparin coating; and the human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) delivered to the damaged liver resulted in significantly improved recovery from ALF in a mouse model. Majority of the studies focusing on MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated regenerative potential, immune-modulatory functions, anti-inflammatory effects, similar to their parents, i.e. Mesenchymal stem cells [44, 45] . In preclinical set up, MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated aptitude as an acellular alternative to cell-based therapy, against Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [46] . Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Inluenza A (H7N9) infection: A hint for COVID-19 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330792-dxdpn46t author = Moulson, Nathaniel title = Cardiac Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Era: Guidance on Implementing Virtual Care date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2234 sentences = 104 flesch = 32 summary = Virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism of care delivery, capable of providing similar patient outcomes and safety profiles compared to centre-based programs. Virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism of care delivery, capable of providing similar patient outcomes and safety profiles compared to centre-based programs. In an effort to mitigate concerns related to the closure of CBCR programs during the pandemic, virtual CR (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism to CBCR, capable of delivering similar patient outcomes and safety profiles for low to moderate risk cardiac patients. Conversely, for centres where some home-based/virtual programs are already available, the conversion of all CR participation to VCR brings new challenges, largely around greater resource requirements, the risk-stratification process, and exercise delivery. During the initial implementation phases of VCR, centres face possible CR staff redeployment due to COVID-19 related issues, a potential lack of centre and patient experience with virtual care delivery, and uncertain access to affordable, effective technologies. cache = ./cache/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330755-7kvaduoq author = McMahon, Meghan title = Informing Canada's Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3898 sentences = 208 flesch = 44 summary = Seven COVID-19 priorities for health services and policy research were identified: system adaptation and organization of care; resource allocation decision-making and ethics; rapid synthesis and comparative policy analysis of the COVID-19 response and outcomes; healthcare workforce; virtual care; long-term consequences of the pandemic; and public and patient engagement. COVID-19 illuminates the ability of healthcare delivery systems (e.g., a health authority) and organizations (e.g., a hospital or LTC home) to use COVID-19 and other data to support real-time decision-making, foster continuous learning and evidence-informed planning and implement policies and interventions across the system. Research that evaluates the health system response, analyzes and informs policy options and identifies how to improve the design and delivery of health services is essential for many reasons, including successful navigation out of the current pandemic, improving health system preparedness for future outbreaks and ensuring that the Canadian healthcare system that reopens is stronger, resilient, and more accessible, more equitable and of higher quality than the one that existed before the onslaught of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330788-2wsn8t2r author = Zhang, Caiyun title = The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4797 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teenagers and adolescents is substantial, causing more than one fifth of Chinese junior high and high school students to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The present study sought to examine depressive, anxiety, stress, and trauma-related distress symptoms in a sample of junior high and high school students. cache = ./cache/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330701-k68b0wqe author = Gerc, Vjekoslav title = Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5521 sentences = 282 flesch = 48 summary = AIM: The aim of this study is to retreive published papers about COVID-19 infection deposited in PubMed data base and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection and opinions of experts about treatment of afected patients with COVID-19 who have Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). COVID-19 infection is caused by a new beta-coronavirus, which the WHO has called (SARS-CoV-2) -Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Initially, the main complications of COVID-19 were thought to be lung-related, then it was quickly observed that COVID-19 is attacking many organs, including the heart muscle, vascular endothelium and the cardiovascular system in general, increasing morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with other cardiovascular risk factors presented (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cerebrovascular and renal disease). In Wuhan, according to reports of Chinese physicians, in patients infected with COVID-19 and with acute coronary syndrome, the complete clinical picture was very severe and associated with high mortality (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330758-0mdn06qh author = Gibson Miller, Jilly title = Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in the United Kingdom date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3278 sentences = 165 flesch = 44 summary = This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behaviour (COM‐B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). RESULTS: Using regression models, we found that all three COM‐B components significantly predicted good hygienic practices, with motivation having the greatest influence on behaviour. The British Psychological Society (BPS) Behavioural Science and Disease Prevention Taskforce (BSDPT:, 2020) recommends the exploration of behavioural influences on enacting preventive behaviour in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011) . To explore COM-B influences on behaviour further, we regressed hygienic practices on COM-B subscales (i.e., psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation) using OLS. This research explored UK citizens' hygienic practices during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the COM-B model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011) . cache = ./cache/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author = Lim, Zheng Jie title = Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3367 sentences = 202 flesch = 51 summary = title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis For example, an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported since the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic [2] . A recent population-based crosssectional study reported that out-of-hospital cardiac arrests had increased 3-fold during the 2020 COVID-19 period when compared with during the comparison period in 2019 [3] . The study hypothesis was that the incidence of OHCA and the associated mortality was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period when compared to an earlier period. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, processes of care and mortality among OHCA patients. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSSION Across the selected studies, we observed a more than two-fold increase in OHCA incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an overall significant increase in mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330887-q5i8lpan author = Li, K. title = The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4021 sentences = 214 flesch = 54 summary = By comprehensively analyzing the laboratory findings of 1,850 patients, we describe the dynamic changes of the total antibody, spike protein (S)-, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-, and nucleoprotein (N)specific IgM and IgG levels during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. Our results indicate that the S-, RBD-, and Nspecific IgG generation of severe/critical COVID-19 patients is one week later than mild/moderate cases, while the levels of these antibodies are 1.5-fold higher in severe/critical patients during hospitalization (P<0.01). To explore the temporal dynamics of immune response after SARS-Cov-2 infection, we analyzed the antibody levels at different time points after symptoms onset, and the timing and level were compared between mild/moderate and severe/critical COVID-19 Results showed that total IgG, S-, RBD-, and N-specific IgG levels of the severe/critical COVID-19 patients were lower than that of the mild/moderate patients on admission, but these levels sharply increased during hospitalization and on discharge ( Figure 1 , Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330869-k5ro0edf author = Kumar Singh, Awadhesh title = Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5023 sentences = 218 flesch = 43 summary = Not only 50% of population was found to have diabetes during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012, but patients with diabetes had an odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 to 15.7 for severe or critical type of MERS-CoV infection with a relative high 35% rate of mortality, compared to the overall population [3] [4] [5] . In a large retrospective study (n=7337), Zhu et al reported a significant 49% relative increase in all-cause mortality (HR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13-1.96; p=0.005) in patients with diabetes (n=810), compared to the groups without diabetes (n=6385) and COVID-19 even after the adjustment of multiple confounding factors [42] . However, available studies clearly suggest that the patients with diabetes had a significantly higher severe variety of COVID-19 as well as increased mortality, compared to the cohorts without diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330849-yt44k88m author = Han, Rachel H. title = Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5521 sentences = 262 flesch = 39 summary = The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. cache = ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330831-3b7vfv9b author = Hao, Fengyi title = A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8241 sentences = 446 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients' mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). However, there is currently limited research on the neuropsychiatric sequalae and psychological impact of COVID-19 patients, with one study so far reporting that most clinically stable patients suffered from significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 9 . The present study performed a quantitative evaluation of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of patients with acute COVID-19 infection who received treatment in the hospital isolation wards, and compared these patients with psychiatric patients and healthy controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330870-l0ryikhv author = Eubanks, Allison title = Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3232 sentences = 160 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Communication, teamwork, and process efficiency are dramatically increased with simulations, which is why they are quickly being adapted as an essential part of medical training for small team events like codes and postpartum hemorrhages and large-scale, multi-hospital emergencies, disasters, and pandemics. The Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016 was the most recent event that demonstrated a need for pandemic and disaster preparedness throughout the country, as hospitals quickly realized they did not have plans for admitting, transporting, and caring for these highly contagious patients 6, 8, 15, 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330877-nsx4b4rm author = Elcioglu, Omer Celal title = COVİD-19 infection in a membranous nephropathy patient treated with rituximab date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2090 sentences = 140 flesch = 52 summary = In this period, one of our group of patients who are challenging us for follow-up and treatment are those who should start or continue to use immunosuppressive therapy. In order to contribute to the accumulation of knowledge in this area, we wanted to report a patient who was followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and had been administered rituximab very recently due to a nephrotic syndrome caused by membranous nephropathy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) cases, which emerged in Wuhan [1] , China in December 2019 and soon became a pandemic [2] , started to appear in our country in March 2020. A 48-year old male who was admitted to the emergency clinic with cough, high fever and headache for 4 days was hospitalized on March 15, 2020 with a pre-diagnosis of COVID 19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330880-6lx66w8h author = Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title = Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7740 sentences = 405 flesch = 54 summary = title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Due to these disruptions, shortterm real time forecasts (daily and weekly) about the pandemic and its effect on the supply chain have become a very important managerial and policy-making imperative. An accurate forecast of the evolution of new cases enables the more effective management of the resulting excess demand across the supply chain. To address this need, in this article we forecast the growth of the pandemic at the country-level and evaluate 52 time-series, epidemiological, machine-learning, and deep-learning techniques. We contribute to the latter, the field of SCM, by providing an input (the demand forecasts for the new cases and the selected products), which is essential to decision-making algorithms that involve stock-control, replenishment, advance purchasing, and even rationing 11 , i.e. situations that require a mean forecasted demand over the lead-time. cache = ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330916-s99ayg1j author = Hernandez, Adrian V. title = Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 68 flesch = 48 summary = Given the risk of bias for individual studies and the conflicting direction and magnitude of results, the evidence from both RCTs and cohort studies remains insufficiently strong to support a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in moderate type of COVID-19: a prospective open-label randomized controlled study. Clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a quasi-randomized comparative study. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial. Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330975-2tome934 author = Pilato, Emanuele title = Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy? date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 426 sentences = 30 flesch = 51 summary = According to the last clinical and autoptic findings, COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with massive pulmonary micro embolism and pulmonary infarction caused by a wide thrombotic response to the infection [1] . Probably, a wide pulmonary embolism and a strong inflammatory response will cause a chronic pulmonary hypertension that could increase long-term mortality and morbidity of survivors. Nowadays, chronic pulmonary embolism can be effectively treated with medical therapy but in some limited cases it can require a surgical treatment [3] . Surgery for chronic pulmonary embolism is a very rare but challenging situation because it requires long surgical times and sometimes the need to deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest [4]. In the regard, however, COVID-19 could have created a wide population that will develop pulmonary hypertension due to the fibrosis and chronic embolism and that might need a surgical treatment in the next years. Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients: Awareness of an Increased Prevalence Surgical Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension cache = ./cache/cord-330975-2tome934.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330975-2tome934.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331046-440kruco author = Culp, Brian M. title = COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2461 sentences = 137 flesch = 52 summary = RESULTS: Nearly 40% of our surveyed group responded ranging from residents, fellows, and early career surgeons. Finally, we assessed early practice surgeons regarding compensation and employment status, as well as advancement in career stage/partner/tenure, modification of practice nature to cover medical patients/COVID-19 patients, and further implications within payment models and future job opportunities. These changes and challenges have been reported in other countries as well and while the international impact may vary it demonstrates a widespread disruption to the orthopaedic community at large.(1) The purpose of this study was to look specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on young arthroplasty surgeons either in the late stages of training or in the 1 st five years of practice. Orthopaedic practices should be conscious of these implications upon young arthroplasty surgeons, and extend additional resources including loans, counseling, or educational support as they face the current COVID-19 crisis in a different way than their more seasoned colleagues. cache = ./cache/cord-331046-440kruco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331046-440kruco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331030-3icwei3e author = Saleknezhad, N. title = COVID-19 and heart medications: What's the connection? date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2728 sentences = 195 flesch = 58 summary = Aim: To determine association between clinical outcome of COVID-19 and prior usage of cardiovascular and metabolic drugs, including, Aspirin, ACEIs, ARBs, Clopidogrel, metformin, and Statins. Therefore, we conducted a study based on our registry of COVID-19 patients to evaluate the effect of those drugs, which are widely used in chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease, on the clinical outcome and mortality rate of the patients inflicted with the novel coronavirus. With regards to the clinical manifestations of the disease it is noteworthy that, as our data suggests, previous use of aspirin is correlated with decreased level of consciousness upon admission (p < 0.05), and on the other hand, patients who were under treatment with ACEIs are more probable to be symptom-free (p < 0.05). The outcome of patients, including mortality, ventilation requirement and ICU admission showed no correlation with receiving ARBs, ACEIs, statins, or Clopidogrel. cache = ./cache/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331087-kpze9xux author = Siddiqui, S. title = SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and stability in a tertiary care hospital-setting date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3245 sentences = 179 flesch = 49 summary = To estimate the burden of the disease with time it is important to undertake a longitudinal seroprevalence study which will also help to understand the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This study was conceptualized with an aim to estimate the seroprevalence in hospital and general population and determine the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCW. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study to estimate the prevalence of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among workers of a private hospital in Delhi with different levels of exposure to COVID-19 cases. The present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Delhi and to observe how long the antibodies persist in the body. In a recently published brief report from Mumbai, India, conducted among the HCWs of three hospitals, highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are not detected after 50 days, in RT-PCR positive individuals contrasting our observations 24 . cache = ./cache/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331109-a8e7r80d author = Ibrahim, Yassmin S. title = Case Report: Paralytic Ileus: A Potential Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2354 sentences = 160 flesch = 48 summary = We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by paralytic ileus. Several authors have postulated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the host receptors for COVID-19, that are present on enterocytes in both the small and large bowel might mediate viral entry and resultant inflammation. We describe two cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed paralytic ileus during their disease course, which may represent one of the luminal manifestations of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. 7 A review of 29 studies noted that 12% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we report paralytic small and large bowel ileus as a complication of COVID-19. The added value of the present case report is the detailed histopathological evidence supporting a role for COVID-19-induced micro-thrombosis, thereby compromising microcirculatory function and resultant colonic bowel dilatation and perforation in the first patient. cache = ./cache/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331105-wdkdc0pw author = Baral, Stefan David title = The Public Health Response to COVID-19: Balancing Precaution and Unintended Consequences date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1679 sentences = 70 flesch = 37 summary = As we develop mathematical models to guide programs and implementation strategies for the next phase of pandemic response, it will be increasingly important to: a) account for implementation-relevant heterogeneity in the epidemiology of cases and morbidity and mortality as well as in the response; and b) holistically consider not only the breadth of potential health outcomes resulting from COVID-19 and the corresponding response, but also the heterogeneity of epidemic burden, health systems culture and infrastructure, and existing health disparities at the local, state/provincial, and national levels. In summary, our success as a society in combating COVID-19 will rapidly be judged by how effectively we can move from a "one-size-fits-all" approach to a locally responsive, nuanced public health strategy that accounts for both an increased breadth of health consequences and the striking epidemiologic heterogeneity that has characterized the pandemic from its beginning. cache = ./cache/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330918-hsy8h1vb author = Song, Jia title = A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly and Younger Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2940 sentences = 158 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare these parameters in an elderly group with those in a younger group. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, as well as the treatments and outcomes of a series of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, and to compare these parameters in an elderly group (aged ≥ 60 years) with those in a younger group (aged < 60 years). This retrospective, single-center observational study included patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the Puai Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 14, 2020 to February 26, 2020. This single-center observational study included 69 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID 19, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between elderly patients (aged ³60 years) and younger patients (aged <60 years). cache = ./cache/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330998-ttwadtay author = Petersen, Fernanda Cristina title = COVID-19: Looking Into the Overlooked date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1861 sentences = 100 flesch = 37 summary = At the peak of the pandemic, broad-spectrum antibiotics have been administered to the majority of patients admitted with COVID-19 to hospital to prevent secondary infections but also, some antibiotics, like teicoplanin, have been used due to their alleged antiviral properties. However, the risk and potential severity of secondary infections associated with COVID-19, particularly in overcrowded clinical settings and in immune-compromised patients, has in many cases reduced the compliance with the local prescription practice guidelines. As the first wave of the pandemic is tailing off in Europe, we have gathered substantial and actionable evidence that suggests that both severity and mortality associated with COVID-19 is due to host factors, ranging from endothelial and coagulation disturbances leading to the formation of micro thrombi to a major dysregulation of the host immunity and inflammatory response. cache = ./cache/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331135-4u99yxw2 author = Arsandaux, J. title = Higher risk of mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 lockdown among students rather than non-students. The French Confins study date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4654 sentences = 244 flesch = 50 summary = Methods: Using cross-sectional data of the Confins cohort, we estimated the effect of student status on depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and perceived stress using multivariate logistic regression analyses. A few studies have reported high prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress during the Covid-19 lockdown among college students (Cao et al., 2020; Husky et al., 2020; Odriozola-González et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020) but it is unkown whether the impact was different in this population compared to non-students adults. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of lockdown on mental health conditions (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and perceived stress) in college students and to compare their frequency and associated factors to a sample of non-students recruited in the same study. cache = ./cache/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331060-b3z1zb4t author = Cruickshank, Marilyn title = COVID‐19: Lessons to be learnt from a once‐in‐a‐century global pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2291 sentences = 107 flesch = 53 summary = Some of this includes the extent to which humans develop a protective immune response to COVID-19 via antibodies (The World Health Organization, 2020), the extent to which asymptomatic people can spread the infection (Bai et al., 2020; Kimball et al., 2020) , whether the use of face masks by asymptomatic members of the community can affect transmission (Feng et al., 2020) , the significance of the loss of smell as an early predictive or differential symptom of disease, the role of herd immunity and whether infection confers immunity, and if so, for how long. Once the number of new cases have stabilised, there can be a move to mitigation strategies which might not necessarily stop the spread, but can help to protect those most at risk of severe disease by isolating suspected cases and their households, while continuing to implement social distancing measures for older people and others at high risk. cache = ./cache/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331120-bp1obxd4 author = Ho, B. title = A Case for Palliative Dermatology: COVID-19-related Dermatoses()() date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 630 sentences = 40 flesch = 42 summary = We present a case of COVID-19-related urticaria manifesting in a palliative setting and responding well to systemic antihistamine. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with many systemic symptoms including dermatological manifestations with urticarial eruptions commonly reported in various papers [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . As in our case, COVID-19-related urticaria can manifest in a palliative setting and responds well to systemic antihistamine. Dermatological conditions may often be overlooked in a palliative care setting, and sometimes rightfully so, especially in the last moments of a patient's journey. However, we as dermatologists, can further help our medical and nursing colleagues by providing diagnostic and management advice in helping patients in their terminal hospital or hospice admission which has traditionally been guided solely by the palliative care teams. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Palliative dermatology -An area of care yet to be explored cache = ./cache/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331075-27ndnqzv author = Oleribe, Obinna O title = COVID-19 Experience: Taking the Right Steps at the Right Time to Prevent Avoidable Morbidity and Mortality in Nigeria and Other Nations of the World date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2066 sentences = 124 flesch = 50 summary = 1 Since first being detected Wuhan, China in December 2019, the disease has rapidly escalated to over 210 countries, leading WHO to declare the outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" on 30 January 2020 and eventually a pandemic within 6 weeks. Hospitals were assessed and activated as isolation and treatment centers, laboratories were equipped to test for the virus using PCR technology and staff were trained to manage cases, test patients, track contacts, and document findings. Regions, states, corporate organizations and individuals can fund the establishment of laboratories, procurement of test kits, training of healthcare workers, engagement of volunteers and even establishment of isolation and quarantine centers. DIT centers will decentralize testing, isolate and manage cases, as well as relieve the burden on hospital facilities across the nations of the world. cache = ./cache/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331055-5ni0jxij author = Bouche, Pierre-Alban title = Were protective procedures against SARS-CoV-2 effective in an orthopaedic and trauma centre during the lockdown period? A retrospective study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2361 sentences = 151 flesch = 51 summary = To take care of COVID-19 positive and negative patients, various procedures have been set up: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for all hospitalized patients, a specific unit for COVID-positive patients, a specific surgical room, and use of protective personal equipment. To allow the effectiveness of the procedures implemented, we evaluated the number of complications attributed to SARS-CoV-2 and the number of patients who became COVID positive during hospitalization. All elective surgery had to be stopped in order to decrease the influx of patients into hospitals and to redeploy medical and paramedical staff in different units to provide assistance in emergency departments, COVID-19 units, and intensive care units [6] . The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness of the guidelines implemented in our orthopaedic and trauma centre, Cochin Hospital, during the lockdown imposed in France period between March 15 and May 11, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331130-vr8kczes author = Chirico, Francesco title = Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the “swab” tests date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 777 sentences = 51 flesch = 52 summary = To the Editor-In healthcare settings, including long-term care facilities, hospital administrators have a legal obligation to set up a risk assessment strategy to carry out effective prevention and control measures during the management of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. According to European Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (EU-CDC) guidelines, 1 each hospital should constitute a 'COVID-19 preparedness and response committee' and should prepare a specific plan, including a number of administrative and structural measures for patient and healthcare management. 2 To minimize the risk of spreading, mass testing with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab of all patients has been proposed, 2,3 associated with mass testing of both symptomatic and asymptomatic healthcare workers. Indeed, Xie et al 5 observed typical COVID-19 chest lesions via computed tomography (CT) scans in 5 patients with a negative or weakly positive swab test (RT-PCR test). One nosocomial cluster following with a familial cluster of COVID-19 cases: the potential transmission risk in patients with negative swab tests cache = ./cache/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331094-22366b81 author = Ianevski, Aleksandr title = Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6822 sentences = 424 flesch = 49 summary = We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. After the initial screening, we identified apilimod, emetine, amodiaquine, obatoclax, homoharringtonine, salinomycin, arbidol, posaconazole and nelfinavir as compounds that rescued virus-infected cells from death (AUC from 285 to 585; Table S1 ). We next profiled transcriptional responses to nelfinavir, amodiaquine or both drugs in virus-or mock-infected Vero-E6 cells at 24 h. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of safe-in man broad-spectrum antivirals in Vero-E6 cells. Here, we found that combinations of nelfinavir with salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine or homoharringtonine were synergistic against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells. Thus, the amodiaquine and nelfinavir combination could result in better efficacy and decreased toxicity for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and perhaps other viral infections. Transcriptomic analysis of mock-and SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero-E6 cells treated with nelfinavir, amodiaquine or both drugs. cache = ./cache/cord-331094-22366b81.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331094-22366b81.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330919-dep3v1pt author = Whyte, Claire S title = Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4254 sentences = 251 flesch = 36 summary = The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires ventilation in critically ill patients. Tissue factor (TF) is exposed on damaged alveolar endothelial cells and on the surface of leukocytes promoting fibrin deposition, while significantly elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) from lung epithelium and endothelial cells create a hypofibrinolytic state. In severe cases, patients with COVID-19 develop a type of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and multiorgan failure. However, the principal fibrinolytic inhibitor described in the pathogenesis of ARDS is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which is known to be elevated in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ALI [11, 61] . Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) as a Novel Treatment for Refractory COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)? Activator (tPA) Treatment for COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Series cache = ./cache/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331114-lumfg138 author = Berkman, Samuel A title = Methodological Issues and Controversies in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: A Tale of Two Storms date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6281 sentences = 356 flesch = 43 summary = Despite these limitations, several societies including ASH 16 and ISTH 17 and the Anti-coagulation Forum 18 have recommended at least prophylactic dose anticoagulation for any hospitalized COVID patient without excessive bleeding risk or other contraindications. Conflicting guidelines have been released regarding escalation to full-dose heparinization with either unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients who are deteriorating on either low-or intermediate-dose prophylaxis, particularly those on ventilators, without documented diagnoses of pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (Table one) This strategy is reinforced by the low incidence of bleeding observed in COVID patients compared with other causes of DIC such as obstetrical ones. Unless a physician can say that they would not prescribe anti-coagulation for an asymptomatic proximal venous thrombosis in a COVID patient, it would seem inappropriate to issue a strong negative guideline on post-hospital discharge prophylaxis in these patients given their unique hypercoagulable predispositions. cache = ./cache/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331092-eocse0xa author = Gowrisankar, A. title = Can India develop herd immunity against COVID-19? date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2246 sentences = 131 flesch = 56 summary = Hence, this paper applies multifractal formalism on COVID-19 data with the notion that country-specific infection rates follow a power law growth behaviour. According to the estimated generalized fractal dimension curves, the effects of drastic containment measures on the pandemic in India indicate that a significant reduction of the infection rate as its population is concern. The analysis made by using practical data shows that the power law kinetics with fractal exponent provides a better fit to the current data for the number of deaths and spared rate compared than the classical epidemiological approach that assumes an exponential growth of the disease [9] [10] [11] [12] . Hence, this paper applies the multifractal formalism on COVID-19 data with the notion that country-specific transmission rates follow a power law growth nature. Short-term predictions of country-specific Covid-19 infection rates based on power law scaling exponents cache = ./cache/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331165-2yn1n3eq author = Tauben, David J. title = Optimizing telehealth pain care after COVID-19 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5918 sentences = 295 flesch = 33 summary = These changes have afforded an opportunity to develop new ways of operating and a glimpse of how life could be for pain services under a "new normal." 81 Importantly, telehealth has the potential to transform pain management, particularly for those with complex pain care needs living remotely from pain facilities or in low-resource settings, removing barriers to multidisciplinary pain management delivered in a collaborative, interdisciplinary way-the optimal treatment approach for chronic pain. 19 Based on telehealth's demonstrated ability to improve access, collect and interpret health data, and provide educational consultative support for care by multiple medical disciplines, and considering the recent surge in implementation, there may be a case for a more permanent response beyond COVID-19. 77 At our institution (UW) pre-COVID, a pain management telehealth intervention was implemented in collaboration with state health agencies to directly address community primary care prescriber queries through an E-Health telephonic "hotline." 91 Calls are answered by a specialty-trained pain management pharmacist, supported by a pain medicine physician when needed. cache = ./cache/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331155-jkm4fuw4 author = Nakashima, Akiko title = Virus database annotations assist in tracing information on patients infected with emerging pathogens date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3868 sentences = 238 flesch = 48 summary = Here, we evaluated the applicability of public database annotations to estimate the virulence, transmission trends and origins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. COVID-19 presents varied symptomatic features [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] with a wide range of incubation periods and epidemic curves J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 are occurring [21] , [22] , the pathogenicity and origins of the mutated substrains of SARS-CoV-2 should be available in real time to adopt early measures by authorities at the onset of emergence. We examined the nucleotide mutations and visualized the transmission trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 by consulting the world specimens registered in the virus data bank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [32] . Collectively, the annotations in the virus genome database are of fundamental use to hypothesize the pathogenicity and to trace the transmission route at the early phase of emergence of the new substrains. cache = ./cache/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330936-qf4q8yqq author = Kardeş, Sinan title = Public interest in rheumatic diseases and rheumatologist in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Google Trends date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2811 sentences = 132 flesch = 36 summary = A wide range of search terms were determined to represent nearly all rheumatic diseases that patients might search on Google (i.e., Osteoarthritis, gout, pseudogout, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD), fibromyalgia, axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, familial Mediterranean fever, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS), Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with Periodic Fever Syndrome (HIDS), Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)associated vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Behçet's syndrome). In the July 5-August 29, 2020 period, relative search volume of 7 of the 32 search terms (i.e., gout, fibromyalgia, peripheral spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, relapsing polychondritis, and Takayasu arteritis) statistically significantly decreased; however, 10 search terms (i.e., axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, Kawasaki disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and rheumatologist) statistically significantly increased compared to prior 4 years (Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331065-tzvkj2rm author = Terracciano, Antonio title = Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5692 sentences = 326 flesch = 59 summary = The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults": The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. Experimental research found that when individuals are exposed to negative age-related information, they react by distancing themselves from their age-group and their chronological age, resulting in a younger subjective age (Weiss & Freund, 2012; Weiss & Lang, 2012 The primary scope of the study was to examine the trajectory of subjective age in the context of COVID-19 with longitudinal data from a nation-wide sample of Americans aged 18 to 100 years. We tested the five moderators (age, disease burden, negative expectations about aging, "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults", and stress) in one model that included data from the first two waves, the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 demographic covariates, and the main effects and interactions with time of the six variables. cache = ./cache/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331143-e9h7tq0x author = Singh, Manish Kumar title = Contagion effect of COVID‐19 outbreak: Another recipe for disaster on Indian economy date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2896 sentences = 163 flesch = 61 summary = It is having a growing impact on the global economy and unfortunately, the global health crisis becomes a global economic crisis due to the cancel of flights, restriction on labour mobility and volatility in stock markets, fall in oil prices, and so on. The United States, China, Japan, Germany, Britain, France and Italy have contributed 60% of world supply and demand [gross domestic product (GDP)], 65% of world manufacturing, and 41% of world manufacturing exports (Baldwin & di Mauro, 2020) but unfortunately, these are in the top-10 most affected countries by COVID-19 except Japan (WTO, 28 March 2020). Based on the above discussion, we develop two main objectives in this study, firstly, we accommodate the theoretical linkages to evaluate potential broad channels through which COVID-19 could impact an emerging economy like India. cache = ./cache/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331058-ou6vqp7n author = Chireh, Batholomew title = Leveraging best practices: protecting sub-Saharan African prison detainees amid COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 82 flesch = 52 summary = The risk of infection and death from COVID-19 is higher among older prisoners with pre-existing health conditions especially in sub-Saharan African. These focus areas include 1) challenges of social distancing; 2) higher risk of severe infection and death; 3) difficulties health care systems may face in the case of COVID-19 surge; and 4) recommended solutions to prevent harm and preventing a public health catastrophe. Although prison conditions in the United States may be quite different from those of sub-Saharan African countries, this paper applies these focus areas to the African context and provides simple and immediate measures to proactively prevent the spread of COVID-19 among prisoners in the region. As stated earlier older prisoners and persons with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to report severe infection and death in low-and middle-income countries [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331328-qom8vl94 author = Gianfrancesco, Milena A title = Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1416 sentences = 72 flesch = 37 summary = In less than 1 week, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance successfully developed online portals and case report forms to enable healthcare providers around the world to enter information on individuals with rheumatic disease who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Within 1 week of launching the registry, rheumatology providers from around the world have submitted data on more than 100 cases, allowing very preliminary characterisa tion and rapid dissemination of information regarding COVID-19 in individuals with rheumatic disease. We expect that a major contribution of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance will be rapid dissemination of information, since existing national patient registries might be less equipped to capture data on a global scale, given fixed timepoints and restrictions on consent of new individuals. In summary, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance represents the commitment of rheumatologists to generate rapid data to help inform the care of individuals with rheumatic disease and those using immunomodulating therapies. cache = ./cache/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331394-zie0tmvt author = Singh, Surendra title = Data on social and health vulnerability in rural India: A Case of Covid-19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1187 sentences = 82 flesch = 55 summary =  These data are unique and relevant for health policy for rural India because they provide village-level vulnerability status of households to health emergency, i.e., Covid-19 pandemic. After taking expert advice from doctors, academicians and public administration, a structured scheduled was prepared to elicit household's perception to Covid-19, their socioeconomic status and curative and preventive measures they have taken. After taking expert advice from doctors, academicians and public administration, a structured scheduled was prepared to elicit household's perception to Covid-19, their socioeconomic status and curative and preventive measures they have taken. Thus total 150 samples were collected in five villages of Mathura district to elicit the households' perception of Covid-19 regarding preventive and curative measures used by the villagers to cope with Covid-19. Thus total 150 samples were collected in five villages of Mathura district to elicit the households' perception of Covid-19 regarding preventive and curative measures used by the villagers to cope with Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331257-z2x1wax0 author = Yao, Yang title = Psychological Status and Influencing Factors of Hospital Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2619 sentences = 161 flesch = 54 summary = BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological status of and its influencing factors in health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak so as to provide sufficient theory and scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and measures in improving the psychological status of HCWs. METHOD: During February 1 to February 20, 2020, 1,002 members of the HCWs from Xi'an and Wuhan completed a 12-item questionnaire regarding pressure about the COVID-19 influenza pandemic, along with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Hospital medical staff show an absolutely important position in the outbreak of infectious diseases, but people often pay more attention to the cure rate, diagnosis, and treatment effect and prognosis of patients and ignore the psychological distress of HCWs. Studies that investigated the psychological status during SARS and A/H1N1 influenza pandemic indicated that a high level of distress is common (Caputo et al., 2006; Goulia et al., 2010) . cache = ./cache/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331284-uy6xoltj author = Ponzetto, Antonio title = COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers—comment date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 482 sentences = 32 flesch = 46 summary = Endothelial activation was noted as an important component by several authors, a fact leading to the release of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) that will interact with platelets; indeed, examination of platelet dynamics found a small but highly activated platelet subpopulation in severe cases. A list of factors involved in the coagulopathy encompasses elevated circulating levels of vWF and fibrinogen, and their interactions with endothelial cells and thrombocytes for the most severe cases of COVID-19. One pathogen that activates endothelial cells and platelets, binds vWF to platelets, and greatly increases levels of IL-6 and TNF-α is widely recognized: the pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori, i.e. those that produce a vacuolating toxin and express the proinflammatory CagA protein [2] [3] [4] [5] . We propose that the prudent physician should test for these strains in COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy and high IL-6 levels. Helicobacter pylori-induced activation of human endothelial cells cache = ./cache/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331208-bgh1a14p author = Garcia, M. title = Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID-19 disease severity date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3300 sentences = 231 flesch = 58 summary = The activated ILC profile of COVID-19 patients was associated with soluble inflammatory markers, while frequencies of ILC subsets were correlated with laboratory parameters that reflect the disease severity. ILCs (hereafter referred to as total ILCs), as well as the absolute counts of the specific 302 subsets ILC1, ILC2 and ILCp, were decreased in peripheral blood of COVID-19 303 patients as compared with controls ( Fig. 2A-D) . Overall, these findings suggest that the ILCs remaining in the circulation of 362 COVID-19 patients are activated and show an altered expression of chemokine 363 All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.20211367 doi: medRxiv preprint findings on altered frequencies of CXCR3 + and CD69 + ILCs in COVID-19 (Fig. 3A) , 398 ILC1 428 frequencies also positively correlated with parameters that did not differ between the 429 two COVID-19 patient groups, i.e. platelet counts, serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and 430 days post symptom debut (Fig. 6C) . cache = ./cache/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331405-1opm5onj author = Pessa Valente, Emanuelle title = COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1049 sentences = 92 flesch = 57 summary = Since the beginning of pandemic, many organizations have raised concerns with the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), low observance of social distancing measures, and scarce availability of diagnostic tests in Brazil [2, 3] . Open Knowledge Brazil (OKBR), a civil society organization that operates in support of open-access data of public interest, ranked Brazilian states with a "Transparency index", evaluating 13 criteria related to content, format and level of detail of information disclosed via official portals during COVID-19 pandemic [12] . We report here the results of a rapid review performed by systematically screening each of the 27 federal health department websites and COVID-19 dedicated portals in order to identify specific policies for HW health screening and testing, and related HW morbidity and mortality data. Information regarding COVID-19 confirmed cases among HWs was available in the official bulletins of only six (22.2%) Brazilian Federal states (Figure 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331378-3nqn48z7 author = Wand, Anne Pamela Frances title = COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3946 sentences = 184 flesch = 47 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic compounds this and other preexisting trauma in older adults, further contributing to risk of suicide and mental illness, and in addition to the "parallel epidemic" of anxiety, depression, and fear in the general community (Yao et al., 2020) . Continuity of access to mental health care (secondary and tertiary prevention) Community older persons' mental health services should review their patient lists and screen for (Reger et al., 2020) or otherwise identify clients who are especially vulnerable to mental illness and suicide (e.g. those who live alone, were already socially isolated, have chronic medical comorbidities or functional disability, are currently unwell, or who are at risk of relapse) and institute regular welfare checks and enhanced follow-up. Informal and professional services have a role in reducing social isolationa factor increasing suicide riskin older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This model of proactive connection of older adults with health services via phone could be used to provide home assistance to older people at risk of suicide through social isolation, and/or psychological or physical illness. cache = ./cache/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331230-mp7sdh73 author = Landy, David C. title = Public Interest in Knee Replacement Fell During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Google Trends Analysis date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2881 sentences = 152 flesch = 56 summary = authors: Landy, David C.; Chalmers, Brian P.; Utset-Ward, Thomas J.; Ast, Michael P. CONCLUSION: Public interest in knee replacement, assessed through internet search queries, decreased during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent patient survey found demand for knee replacement could be high when elective surgery resumes, though historical data suggests this could be tempered by other factors [10, 18] . This study sought to characterize public interest in knee replacement at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing search engine query data. Our findings are consistent, with both studies reporting a sharp decline in internet searches for "knee replacement" in March 2020, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. While prior studies have utilized search engine query data to quantify and track public interest, internet searches may not accurately reflect the interests of specific subgroups such as patients considering knee replacement. cache = ./cache/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331206-m938suxh author = Rodgers, F. title = Missing clinical trial data: the knowledge gap in the safety of potential COVID-19 drugs date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4314 sentences = 230 flesch = 45 summary = However, availability of safety information is limited by a lack of timely reporting of clinical trial results on public registries or through academic publication. We aimed to analyse the knowledge gap in safety data by quantifying the number of missing clinical trial results for drugs potentially being repurposed for COVID-19. Relevant clinical trials for any prior indication were listed by identifier (NCT number) and checked for timely result reporting (within 395 days of the primary completion date). We reviewed the number of completed or terminated trials that have not reported results for an extensive, list of medications being repurposed for COVID-19, looking at all previous indications for these drugs. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.20117523 doi: medRxiv preprint Discussion 40.4% of the completed clinical trials for drugs that may be repurposed for COVID-19 were not found to report results on either ClinicalTrials.gov or through academic publication (Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331433-uwbgv0r3 author = Tringale, Rolando title = COVID-19 innovations in medication for addiction treatment at a Skid Row syringe exchange date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1573 sentences = 57 flesch = 34 summary = It is in this context that Homeless Health Care Los Angeles (HHCLA) clinicians and staff were faced with the unprecedented challenge of adapting current medication for addiction treatment (MAT) services to ensure treatment continuity for persons who use syringe exchanges in Skid Row during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-pandemic, clinicians primarily delivered MAT services at HHCLA (Tringale, Subica, & Danielian, et al., 2020) face-to-face to enrolled patients of syringe exchanges using a direct dispensing model that required patients to receive, and often consume, MAT medications (i.e., buprenorphine) on-site in front of staff to (1) bolster engagement among first-time patients hesitant to stop using opioids; (2) prevent diversion; and (3) avoid medication gaps, which can lead to relapse, overdose, and death. First, we developed an innovative on-site -telephone booth‖ model that emulated the COVID-19 telemedicine-enabled social distancing that other MAT providers have used (Harris, Johnson, Mackin, & Saitz, et al., 2020; Samuels, Clark, & Wunsch, et al., 2020; Dunlop, Lokuge, & Masters, et al., 2020) , while accommodating the unique needs of patients of syringe exchanges experiencing homelessness. cache = ./cache/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331193-33cyvidx author = Mawhinney, Jamie A title = Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2512 sentences = 161 flesch = 50 summary = Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. [9] [10] [11] [12] This article outlines a case of COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode necessitating emergency intubation and discusses potential mechanisms for the development of neuropsychiatric disease. ► The neuroinvasive potential of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (neurotropism) has been reported, but the pathophysiology remains unclear with uncertainty over its long-term consequences. cache = ./cache/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331486-jp4m6ibe author = Naccarato, Marcello title = Has COVID-19 played an unexpected “stroke” on the chain of survival? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1447 sentences = 131 flesch = 64 summary = In many Italian regions, hospitals have been reorganized to properly manage COVID-19 patients, creating new protected wards for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients both for intensive and sub-intensive care, including reorganizing many Stroke Units [3] . To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemics on stroke management, this report described the emergency structured pathway adopted by an Italian University Hub Stroke Unit in the cross -border Italy-Slovenia area (which serves 373'803 people) (data from Istituto Nazionale di Statistica-ISTAT official report, 30th September 2017, see http://dati.istat.it/), and compared clinical features and outcomes of admitted patients between 9th March 2020 (start of Italy lockdown) and 9th April 2020 with stroke patients admitted during the same period in 2019. In conclusion, the adopted strategies for stroke management during the COVID-19 emergency have suggested being effective, while suffering a reduced and delayed reporting of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331273-1fixwxuo author = Abejón González, David title = How to restart the interventional activity in the COVID‐19 era. The experience of a private Pain Unit in Spain date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4435 sentences = 241 flesch = 41 summary = The objective of this review is to evaluate how to manage activity in pain units, considering the scenario generated by the pandemic and the implications of chronic pain on the immune system and proposed pharmacological and interventional therapies. The current crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the reorganization of the health systems and the cancellation of surgical procedures to facilitate the treatment of patients in the critical units (7, 8) . Meanwhile, we also seek to provide an orientation for pain physicians on how to effectively reestablish the activity in pain units, from restarting on-site appointments to more advanced treatments, with the aim of improving the attention dedicated to people affected by chronic disease and pain, while minimising the risk of COVID-19 exposure. In the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we must agree on the recommendations that guarantee the safety and maintains health care for chronic pain patients. cache = ./cache/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331472-kd4uxcve author = Shahid, Zainab title = COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2314 sentences = 153 flesch = 53 summary = Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that although individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, they make up 31% of COVID-19 infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit admissions, and 80% of deaths caused by this infection. 15, 16 These symptoms are also common in older adults; one study on 21 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a mean age of 70 years, found that the most common presenting symptoms were shortness of breath (76%), fever (52%), and cough (48%). 19 One study on 46 fatal cases of SARS-CoV-2, in which 84% of patients were older than age 60, found that diabetes is likely associated with increased mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331477-2x9szmjc author = Warnakulasuriya, Saman title = Protecting dental manpower from COVID‐19 infection date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1876 sentences = 112 flesch = 53 summary = Oral health professionals are at risk of developing COVID 19 infection as they come into close contact with patients and accompanying relatives who may be carrying the virus. Knowledge of these symptoms would help the dental surgery staff to triage patients when it comes to spotting COVID-19-infected persons. When booking emergency dental appointments, having a checklist of COVID-19 symptoms at the reception may help to inform the dentist about symptomatic patients, to postpone non-urgent therapies and to direct such patients to hospital centres equipped for handling infected subjects and their relatives, living together. For undertaking any direct patient care, dentists and dental surgery assistants and other oral health professionals are advised to wear, disposable gloves, aprons, eye protection and face shields where there is a risk of saliva, blood, other body fluids, secretions or excretions splashing into the face and eyes. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine cache = ./cache/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331487-jh34klbg author = Sivapalan, Pradeesh title = Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6399 sentences = 428 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of noninvasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). cache = ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author = Al-Ani, Fatimah title = Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4640 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. Given the rapid emergence of new evidence we sought to conduct a scoping review of coagulopathy and thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection with the aim of providing an overview of the current knowledge on this topic and potentially inform new areas of research. Limitations of evidence include: 1) all studies were limited to a single ethnic population, and extrapolation of this data to other populations might not be accurate, and 2) except for the study by Tang With regards to association with mortality, Zhou and colleagues reported a significantly higher prothrombin time (>16 seconds) in non-survivors (n=54) compared to survivors (n=137) (13% vs. cache = ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331519-ye4dtna5 author = Garibaldi, B. T. title = Patient trajectories and risk factors for severe outcomes among persons hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Maryland/DC region date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4517 sentences = 295 flesch = 55 summary = Conclusions: A combination of demographic and clinical features on admission is strongly associated with progression to severe disease or death in a US cohort of COVID-19 patients. In a sub-group analysis of patients < 60 years of age, we identified male sex (aHR 1.7;95%CI 1.11-2.58), BMI (aHR 1.25 per 5-unit increase; 95%CI 1.14-1.37), CCI (aHR 1.27; 95%CI 1.1-1.46) and respiratory rate (aHR 1.16 per increase of 1 over 18; 95%CI 1.13-1.2) as significantly associated with severe illness or death ( Table 2, Table S5 ). Our study provides valuable insight into the disease trajectories of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the US and the risk factors associated with severe outcomes. In conclusion, we identified several important demographic and simple to assess factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes including age, nursing home status, BMI, D-dimer, troponin, ALC and respiratory rate. cache = ./cache/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331427-lwpjj3b9 author = Faulkner, J. title = Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during early COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4871 sentences = 282 flesch = 52 summary = Objectives: To assess how the early stages of National governments Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) containment strategies impacted upon the physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia Design: Observational, cross-sectional Setting: Online survey disseminated in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia within the first 2-6 weeks of government mandated COVID-19 restrictions Participants: Adults (n = 8,425; 44.5 [14.8] y), [≥] 18 y who were residing in the surveyed countries Main outcome measures: Stages of Change scale for exercise behaviour change, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form), World Health Organisation-5 Well-being Index and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-9 Results: Participants who reported a negative change in exercise behaviour between preand during the early COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated poorer mental health and well-being compared to those who had either a positive changeor no change in their exercise behaviour (p<0.001). cache = ./cache/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331428-6pvr2vew author = Heffernan, Kevin S. title = Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: on PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1835 sentences = 107 flesch = 34 summary = Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), possibly contributing to lipotoxicity, inflammation and untoward respiratory effects. While we all eagerly await the development of a vaccine, scientists and clinicians have begun exploring "off-label" use of various drugs with that hope that strategic repurposing may help manage and treat COVID-19.(1) Fenofibrate (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist) is one such medication that holds promise given its favorable effects on inflammation and endothelial function. This paper will explore the hypothesis that exercise may be a useful adjuvant in a setting of COVID-19 management/rehabilitation due to its effects on PPAR and vascular endothelial function. (3) Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating PPAR, possibly contributing to lipotoxicity and untoward respiratory effects. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonists Increase Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells cache = ./cache/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331442-ztzug9j4 author = nan title = Introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid −19)()() date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 331 sentences = 28 flesch = 58 summary = We read the publication on "Covid-19 pandemic and the skin -What should dermatologists know" with great interest. 1,2 Doctors, nurses, laboratory workers, and other related medical staff have emerged as the new soldiers in every country, amid growing cases of Covid-19 across the world. During this new coronavirus epidemic treatment process, protective device-related pressure injuries and deep indentations among front-line medical staff have frequently been reported to have been caused by wearing facial protective equipment for long hours. 1,2 Protective gear is well sealed against the skin, and high-intensity work of medical staff will generate a lot of sweat. Covid-19 pandemic and the skin -What should dermatologists know? Letter from the Editor: Occupational skin disease among healthcare workers during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic Nursing strategies for skin injuries caused by facial medical grade protective equipment Medical Device Related pressure ulcers in Hospitalized patients cache = ./cache/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331243-0u65qguq author = Ucciferri, Claudio title = Role of monoclonal antibody drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1695 sentences = 94 flesch = 39 summary = Evidence suggests that elevated cytokine levels, reflecting a hyperinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are responsible for multi-organ damage in patients with COVID-19. These studies suggest that tocilizumab may be a candidate to improve the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 infections. Recent data on anakinra showed that, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and Acute respiratory distress syndrome managed with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, treatment with highdose anakinra was safe and associated with clinical improvement [16, 17] . Currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 infection show that the extent of the inflammatory response correlates with disease progression and subsequent organ damage. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author = Aravindakshan, A. title = Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3998 sentences = 206 flesch = 55 summary = By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study quantifies the effects of the types and timings of the implementation and relaxation of government policy interventions in reducing mobility and in turn decreasing the spread of COVID-19. Using data from the 16 states of Germany, we explore the effectiveness of different NPIs ( Figure 3 ) in reducing social mobility, and in turn affecting the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331541-u0xm9a89 author = Lankes, Heather A title = Biospecimen Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Biobanking date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3580 sentences = 250 flesch = 40 summary = METHODS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interim biosafety guidelines continue to be updated. Additional CDC SARS guidance recommended that laboratory personnel have a baseline serum sample collected prior to working with SARS-CoV biospecimens and stored for future reference. Testing of banked biospecimens collected in late 2019 may help define asymptomatic (or mildly symptomatic) circulation of SARS-CoV-2 prior to the presentation of severe cases in December; however, until a more accurate date is defined, use of October 1, 2019, as the start of the pandemic window is reasonable. Per CDC and WHO SARS-CoV-2 interim biosafety guidance 48, 49 and reported COVID-19 experience, 57 biobanks handling pandemic window biospecimens must: SARS-CoV-2 is the highly transmittable respiratory virus that causes COVID-19, a disease hallmarked by asymptomatic infection in some, and severe symptoms, including death, in others. cache = ./cache/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331375-tbuijeje author = Villalobos, Carlos title = SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the World: An Estimation of the Infected Population and a Measure of How Higher Detection Rates Save Lives date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7205 sentences = 354 flesch = 48 summary = This paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By weighting the age-stratified IFRs by the country population agegroups shares in each country, it is possible to obtain countryspecific IFRs. The relevance of this study is 3-fold: Firstly, the estimation of the true number of infections includes not only confirmed cases but COVID-19 undetected cases, as well as SARS-CoV-2infected individuals without the disease, or in a pre-symptomatic stage. In order to provide reliable estimates of the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and of the cumulative detection rates, it is necessary that governments provide real-time information about the number of COVID-19 deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331520-o9e4qqn4 author = Kistler, Christine E. title = The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2724 sentences = 168 flesch = 44 summary = The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings; this winter, SARS-CoV-2 will compound the usual viral infection challenges. This special article discusses unique considerations that COVID-19 brings to the health and well-being of residents and staff in nursing homes and other long-term care settings this winter. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza was the most concerning viral respiratory infection 27 for nursing home (NH) residents, with outbreaks requiring both treatment and prophylaxis, and 28 even causing some buildings to close to outsiders for brief periods of time. In 39 this special article, we discuss unique challenges that COVID-19 will bring to the health and 40 well-being of residents and staff in long-term care settings this winter. The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings, and 307 those challenges will be exacerbated with the second wave of COVID-19; as such, they present 308 numerous implications for practice, policy, and research. cache = ./cache/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331434-2x9m37cw author = Kumar Jain, Vijay title = Fracture management during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4989 sentences = 308 flesch = 54 summary = We have performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the available studies, by analyzing the fracture types, presentation, treatment, complication, and early outcomes among COVID-19 negative and positive patients. Most papers related to fractures and COVID-19 came from Iran (4), followed by Italy (3) This study was designed to reflect on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected fracture care globally, with a propensity to some fractures over other, the surgeon's treatment selection mode, preoperative investigations done, anesthesia administered (did not mention in the result anywhere), the surgeon and patient protective measures taken, the remodeling or modification of the operating theatres, union rate (did not mention in the result anywhere), hospital stay, antibiotic pattern, the complications localized to fracture (did not mention in the result anywhere) and general complications peculiar to COVID 19, morbidity and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331601-3w4c40qr author = Ojong, Nathanael title = The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8028 sentences = 390 flesch = 55 summary = The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in December 2019 [1] , and on 31 December 2019, China informed the World Health Organisation (WHO) of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, a city of 11 million inhabitants [2] . That said, the goal of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that have contributed to weakening Cameroon's health sector over the years and to shed light on socio-economic and political factors that are currently restricting an effective response to the pandemic in the country. An independent local news agency in the country reported that some public health institutions in Douala required COVID-19 patients to cover their health care costs. Using Cameroon as a case study, I have examined the economic, political, and social forces that negatively affect the fight against COVID-19, and argue that the country's weak health care system makes it challenging to tackle the disease there as well as in other countries. cache = ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331688-88veckbv author = Pavlakis, Steven title = Fear and Understanding in the Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1129 sentences = 74 flesch = 54 summary = An anesthesiologist friend tells us that, at State University of New York, Stony Brook, they are intubating about 18 patients per day for COVID-19 pulmonary disease. Anecdotally, many of our physicians suggest that critically ill patients are hypercoagulable, with intravenous lines that clot easily and associated kidney and liver disease. One patient was reported with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 2004 who had a coronavirus (but not COVID-19) in cerebrospinal spinal fluid, suggesting that coronavirus may directly affect the central nervous system in children. It has been said that coronavirus does not directly infect the brain, but that was also said about HIV-1 before an autopsy study determined that 25% of AIDS patients had human immunodeficiency virus in brain endothelial cells. Stroke investigations in adult patients are planned and pediatric neurology should be investigating stroke associations as well. COVID-19 in children: initial characterization of the pediatric disease cache = ./cache/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331449-0sow1im8 author = Saha, Shivangi title = Managing Burns During COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2415 sentences = 156 flesch = 55 summary = The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which put them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. However, in view of the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as to maintain the safety of our burns team to preserve the capacity of the health system. 2, 3 In this review of our clinical experience and published literature, we highlight the key considerations for burn care teams while dealing with burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the institutional COVID testing capacity, the burn team members may be screened weekly to prevent onward disease transmission in hospitals through asymptomatic infected healthcare staff. Guide for prioritization of procedures and surgeries on burn patients (adapted from the clinical guide to surgical prioritization during the coronavirus pandemic). cache = ./cache/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331604-jf6ybip5 author = Moratto, Daniele title = Flow Cytometry Identifies Risk Factors and Dynamic Changes in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1907 sentences = 96 flesch = 45 summary = It has been recently shown that progression to severe and critical disease in patients with COVID-19 is associated with reduced expression of HLA-DR molecules on the surface of monocytes, and it has been speculated that this immune abnormality may underlie inadequate adaptive immune responses due to impaired SARS-CoV-2 antigen presentation [8] . Importantly, our results indicate that measurement of HLA-DR and CD4 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) on the surface of monocytes at admission may not only distinguish patients with moderate versus those with severe disease but may also identify patients with severe phenotype who will progress to a critical status versus those who will improve and eventually recover (Fig. 1) . In particular, while progressive improvement in the counts of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + cells was observed in patients with moderate or severe disease who eventually recovered, those who progressed to a critical status remained with very low counts of all of these subsets, associated with markedly reduced expression of HLA-DR and CD4 molecules on the surface of monocytes ( Supplementary Fig. 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331790-0w0pjjg1 author = Abu Jawdeh, Bassam G. title = COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Immunosuppression Management and Operational Challenges date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3057 sentences = 204 flesch = 47 summary = This review summarizes the published COVID-19 literature as it relates to outcomes and immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients. These multiple studies have elucidated that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that often manifests with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, liver injury, cardiac involvement, encephalitis, atypical stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI) in addition to endothelial cell injury and coagulopathy -the likely mediators of multi-organ involvement (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . In a 36-patient study, the median age was 60 years, 72% were male, 39% were African American and 75% received deceased-donor kidney transplants (DDKT)(9). Notably, the Columbia transplant program adopts an early steroid withdrawal strategy, however their sample was enriched with patients on prednisone maintenance (67%) which confirms the plausible role of enhanced immunosuppression as a susceptibility factor. cache = ./cache/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331762-b0yufidn author = Rudski, Lawrence title = Multimodality Imaging in Evaluation of Cardiovascular complications in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5044 sentences = 239 flesch = 34 summary = Routine history, physical examination, laboratory testing, electrocardiography and plain x-ray imaging may often suffice for such patients but given overlap between COVID-19 and typical cardiovascular diagnoses such as heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, need frequently arises for advanced imaging techniques to assist in differential diagnosis and management. This document provides guidance in several common scenarios among patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection and possible cardiovascular involvement, including chest discomfort with electrocardiographic changes, acute hemodynamic instability, newly-recognized left ventricular dysfunction, as well as imaging during the sub-acute/chronic phase of COVID-19. In patients with a clinical presentation of acute MI, normal or non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which may present as STEMI or NSTEMI, with normal or abnormal LV systolic function, cardiac MRI can help confirm the diagnosis of MI or provide alternate diagnosis including myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, and embolic infarction (26) (Table 2, Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331797-05kcygis author = Restauri, Nicole title = Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2832 sentences = 123 flesch = 38 summary = Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. As much as social distancing is being leveraged as a critical method of COVID-19 disease containment, both individual and system based practices will be required to reduce workplace stress and burnout and minimize the acute stress response and risk of subsequent PTSD. Support an infrastructure that allows radiologists and staff to work from home Decrease exposure and mitigate concerns about contracting the virus and promotes schedule flexibility Increase education treatment about burnout, ASD, and PTSD, via expert panel discussions and access to mental health Increase awareness and early intervention, reduce stigma Employ non-traditional methods of physician engagement (eg narrative medicine) cache = ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331815-518wljiy author = amram, o. title = Data-Driven Development of a Small-Area COVID-19 Vulnerability Index for the United States date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3316 sentences = 205 flesch = 47 summary = 2, 6, 7 Notably, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx individuals are more likely to be essential workers, live in confined housing conditions, and lack adequate healthcare access, however the degree to which these and other factors potentiated by systemic racism may contribute to higher infection risk is not fully known. 17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint In this study, we assessed socio-demographic and economic predictors of COVID-19 infection risk at the U.S. ZIP-code level, based on sampling of publicly-available data. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint According to INLA models, higher population density, higher percentage of noninsured, nonwhite race and Hispanic ethnicity were positively associated with COVID-19 diagnosis rates (Table 2) . In this study, we develop the first data-driven national COVID-19 risk index at the zip-code level, identifying several significant independent risk factors to infection, including race, ethnicity, insurance status, and population density. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint housing conditions, be employed as essential workers, and lack health insurance, however race remained an independent predictor of infection after controlling for these factors. cache = ./cache/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331869-dm8ri6xf author = Lau, Louis HS. title = Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2067 sentences = 110 flesch = 41 summary = title: Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong (Supplementary Table 2) Discussion This is a territory-wide population-based study involving more than 195,000 patient-based hospital admissions over 17 months, providing real-life data on collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic in digestive diseases. We searched all patients who were admitted to public hospitals under the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong during the study period, with the principal or the top five diagnosis codes of the index hospital admission included, based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). As a result, we included patients admitted to hospitals during January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020, either with emergency department attendance or with length of stay for more than one day, related to the above principal or top five diagnoses of major GI diseases for subsequent analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331666-iwkuwnun author = Schweitzer, Wolf title = Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3810 sentences = 191 flesch = 49 summary = Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. Control: Case of a 24 year old woman who had no acute respiratory distress syndrome related findings at all; there was post-mortem hypostasis dorsally at the right lung. While this man's subjective report apparently did not include dyspnea, even less than a day prior to his death, the pulmonary pathology of this outpatient, as evidenced by PMCT, appears to extend beyond the severity shown in descriptions of currently published SARS-CoV-2-related fatalities, all of which apparently had obtained prior hospital and intensive-care treatment [39] [40] [41] . As post-mortem RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a forensic setting may not be available or too slow, PMCT may identify lung changes possibly related to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331879-w7008uyy author = Iversen, Jenny title = COVID‐19, HIV and key populations: cross‐cutting issues and the need for population‐specific responses date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3688 sentences = 143 flesch = 36 summary = However, the conditions faced by specific populations vary according to social, structural and environmental factors, including stigma and discrimination, criminalization, social and economic safety nets and the local epidemiology of HIV and COVID‐19, which determine risk of exposure and vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, as well as the ability to comply with measures such as physical distancing. Significant heterogeneity in the COVID‐19 pandemic, the underlying HIV epidemic and the ability of key populations to protect themselves means that people who inject drugs and sex workers face particular challenges, including indirect impacts as a result of police targeting, loss of income and sometimes both. Global networks, including the International Network of People who use Drugs (INPUD), the Global Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP), the Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+) and MPact Global Action for Gay Men's Health and Rights have issued statements calling for urgent action to protect their communities and to address population-specific needs for prevention, care and treatment [9,18-20]. cache = ./cache/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331547-uqmjhhna author = Bonalumi, Giorgia title = A call to action becomes practice: cardiac and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Lombardy emergency guidelines date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4218 sentences = 226 flesch = 50 summary = In Lombardy, the hub-and-spoke system was introduced to guarantee emergency and urgent cardiovascular surgery, whereas most hospitals were dedicated to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Daily morning briefings were held internally at the Monzino hospital to monitor every aspect of all in-patients (COVID-19 status, number of available beds) and to share news from the Health Care Lombardy Regional System and the national government. If the test results were positive (chest CT scan indicative of interstitial pneumonia and/or positive results from the nasal swab), the patient was transferred to a dedicated zone called the 'red area', a separate zone with physical barriers and heavy use of personal protective equipment to protect working personnel, where only patients with COVID-19 were hospitalized. In cases of emergency surgery, the patient was considered and treated as positive for SARS-CoV-2 by the health care staff, who wore personal protective equipment, until screening results were available. cache = ./cache/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331533-0toegbv8 author = Leiker, Brenna title = COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12829 sentences = 570 flesch = 51 summary = The approach to the coronavirus pandemic in the emergency department focused on identification and isolation of infected individuals, adequate protection of staff, reporting of positive cases to the health department, effective treatment, and education of patients and families. APP's in the ICU have been critical in helping fill the gaps where additional staff where needed to care for COVID patients, make calls to update family members, and provide input for treatment protocols We, the authors of this article, work as APP's within the NorthShore emergency department. 1,865 Illinois residents have tested positive for the virus, and 26 have died as of Thursday (03/26) at 2:30 p.m., according to the state's Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response webpage." (Herscowitz, 2020) Despite the virus's rapid spread, NorthShore and IDPH worked to match the testing protocol with the demand within the community. cache = ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331858-oz4mvyw8 author = Kifer, D. title = Effects of environmental factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5518 sentences = 303 flesch = 47 summary = Aiming to evaluate the association of humidity, and ambient temperature with the severity of the COVID-19 disease, we analysed individual-patient data for 6,914 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Bergamo, Italy: Barcelona, Spain; Coburg, Germany; Helsinki, Finland; Milan, Italy; Nottingham, United Kingdom; Warsaw, Poland; Zagreb, Croatia and Zhejiang province, China since the beginning of the pandemics and compared it to environmental temperature and calculated indoor humidity. It is very difficult to prove causality in an observational study, in particular when many correlated factors are changed in the same time, but the observed decrease in COVID-19 severity with the end of winter fits very well with the known effects of outside temperature on indoor humidity and consequential restoration of mucosal barrier function, which is often impaired by dry air during the heating season 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331891-a6b1xanm author = Cozzi, Diletta title = Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2916 sentences = 144 flesch = 47 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 infection, who performed CXRs at the emergency department (ED) of our University Hospital from March 1 to March 31, 2020. Radiological evaluation of patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 is mandatory, especially in the emergency department (ED) while waiting for RT-PCR results, in order to have a rapid evaluation of thoracic involvement. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to better understand the main radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia, by describing the main CXR findings in a selected cohort of patients, also correlating the radiological appearance with RT-PCR examination and patients outcome (intended as discharged or hospitalized into a medicine department or intensive care unit). An independent and retrospective review of each CXR was performed by two thoracic radiologists in order to define the number of radiological suspects of COVID-19 infection; after this, they defined the predominant pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia presentation in patients with a positive RT-PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331785-ljsd8qld author = nan title = A Systematic Framework to Rapidly Obtain Data on Patients with Cancer and COVID-19:CCC19 Governance, Protocol, and Quality Assurance date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2713 sentences = 125 flesch = 38 summary = Future directions include increased electronic health record integration for direct data ingestion, expansion to additional domestic and international sites, more intentional patient involvement, and granular analyses of still-unanswered questions related to cancer subtypes and treatments. In addition to the steering committee, operational subcommittees include publications (to establish authorship guidelines for projects utilizing CCC19 data and/or resources), funding (to identify sources of funding for the consortium, disseminate this information to consortium members, and assist in the writing and critical revision of grants), epidemiology and biostatistics (to establish guidelines and provide support to investigators in designing and executing studies with the highest rigor, reproducibility, and impact), informatics (to develop and maintain the survey instrument[s] and oversee standardization of the data model, integration of data directly from EHRs, and visualization of data), and patient advocacy (to engage with cancer patient communities and advocacy networks and to coordinate with parties reaching out to CCC19). cache = ./cache/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331995-7113c613 author = Niles, P. Mimi title = Reflecting on Equity in Perinatal Care During a Pandemic date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1892 sentences = 94 flesch = 46 summary = The explicit lack of standardization of evidence-based maternity care, whether expressed in clinical protocols or institutional policy, has disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. We conducted a thoughtful review of the available literature regarding COVID-19, in the framework of existing literature on equitable maternity care that centers the lived experiences of birthing people. To date, research about maternity care during COVID-19 has been restricted to small case studies, which is warranted as little is known about this virus. Professional organizations, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) or the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM), have yet to address or understand the potential long-term health impacts of the overuse of interventions during this pandemic. A policy of no support persons unduly impacts marginalized communities and implicitly reinforces the ''sacrificial'' or expendable status of Black and indigenous parents, who have long borne the consequences of mistreatment and abandonment in their health care experiences. cache = ./cache/cord-331995-7113c613.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331995-7113c613.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331911-arif1ejj author = Barik, Sitanshu title = Insight into the changing patterns in clinical and academic activities of the orthopedic residents during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2877 sentences = 151 flesch = 47 summary = There were a total of 44 single answer questions with answers according to the increasing difficulty at present situation compared to a previous time before the COVID-19 pandemic. Routine clinical work in the operating room, out-patient department, and inpatient department was found to be difficult according to the majority of the residents along with the anxiety of contracting the infection. All participants were also required to answer general questions about their age, current affiliation, the experience of treating COVID-19 positive patients, awareness about precautions while working in COVID-19 designated area including steps of donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), history of quarantine, or taking COVID-19 tests and if anyone tested positive for the infection. The most important findings of the present study were that the orthopedic residents had been facing difficulties in performing routine OR, OPD, and IPD works during COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331888-lbtuvdv3 author = de Souza, Dalton Garcia Borges title = Forecasting COVID-19 cases at the Amazon region: a comparison of classical and machine learning models date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2434 sentences = 178 flesch = 61 summary = title: Forecasting COVID-19 cases at the Amazon region: a comparison of classical and machine learning models We compare the models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), random trees regressor (RTR), seasonal linear regression with change-points (Prophet), and simple logistic regression (SLR). We evaluate the models according to their capacity to forecast in different historical scenarios of the COVID-19 progression, such as exponential increases, sudden decreases, and stability periods of daily cases. Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), 43 random trees regressor (RT), seasonal linear regression with change-points (SLiR) and 44 simple logistic regression (SLR), which dictates the baseline performance in this study. Thus, in this paper, we compared classical and machine learning models to forecast 231 the evolution of COVID-19 in the state. Application of ARIMA and Holt-Winters forecasting model to predict 294 the spreading of COVID-19 for India and its states cache = ./cache/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author = Maxwell, Daniel N title = “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1520 sentences = 83 flesch = 53 summary = With rapidly increasing cases and local community transmission in multiple countries outside of China, including the United States, the outbreak has entered a new phase, which requires a shift in primary battle strategy from a focus on containment in China to international mitigation. As cases of COVID-19 explode internationally, a strategic shift is required away from primarily containment, keeping the virus "out there", to home-based mitigation and public health responses. Now, the task is bearing the burden of identifying, isolating, triaging and managing the rising number of cases, necessitating total engagement of the medical community, public health sector, governments and society as a whole. As Sun Tzu noted, "If in training soldiers' commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined." 1 The authors also highlight improvements in infection prevention and control (IPC) infrastructure, administrative controls, and public health coordination compared to their 2003 SARS experience. cache = ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331765-pk0fr0a1 author = Salaffi, Fausto title = The role of a chest computed tomography severity score in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3571 sentences = 176 flesch = 49 summary = The aim of this study was to investigate chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients in order to determine the optimal cut-off value of a CT severity score that can be considered a potential prognostic indicator of a severe/critical outcome. The study involved 165 COVID-19 patients (131 men [79.4%] and 34 women [20.6%] with a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.5 years), of whom 30 (18.2%) had severe/critical disease and 135 (81.8%) mild/typical disease. [24, 25] Like those of a number of recent studies, the findings of this study show that CT evidence of consolidation, a crazy-paving pattern, reticular opacity, interlobular septal thickening, air bronchogram, and extra-pulmonary lesions are imaging features of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia, [26] [27] [28] and their number and frequency make the total whole-lung severity score significantly higher in severe/critical cases. cache = ./cache/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author = Sawalha, Khalid title = Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2828 sentences = 171 flesch = 49 summary = Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. Infection with the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (1). Pulmonary involvement is the most dominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is associated with higher mortality, up to 52.4% in one series (3). Until prospective studies and trials establish guidelines for the management of COVID-19 myocarditis, treatment has to be catered to individual case presentations. cache = ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332051-yw5zlucc author = Aghababaei, Soodabeh title = Perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3810 sentences = 207 flesch = 48 summary = RESULTS: 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had a high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. 97.3% of the participants had high performance in preventive behaviors, and 72.9% of pregnant women had a moderate level of risk perception related to the disease ( Table 2 ). Iranian pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331834-ge864rbr author = Cellina, Michaela title = Chest computed tomography findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: pictorial essay with literature review date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2611 sentences = 153 flesch = 49 summary = The 6th version of the diagnosis and treatment program published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China [10] , confirmed the pivotal role of Chest CT, including the radiological confirmation of viral pneumonia in the diagnostic criteria for COVID-19, and suggesting CT examination in monitoring disease progression and assessing treatments effectiveness. Our aim is to propose a review of the CT imaging findings described in COVID-19 pneumonia, and their modifications in different stages of the disease, based on relevant articles found in the literature. In conclusion, imaging presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia are mostly GGO, bilaterally located in the peripheral lung areas under the pleura with an increase in consolidations number in the course of the disease, followed by reabsorption, and formation of fibrotic stripes. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases cache = ./cache/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332081-j13krdft author = Maldonado, María title = Incidencia y resultados de la COVID-19 en una unidad de diálisis domiciliaria en Madrid (España) durante el pico de la pandemia date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1890 sentences = 177 flesch = 56 summary = (5) Pese a las medidas globales y el confinamiento, a 25 de mayo de 2020, la incidencia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) siguió en aumento, con 5,304,772 casos confirmados por laboratorio y más de 342,029 muertes en todo el mundo, según la La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afectaba de forma más frecuente a los ancianos con comorbilidades (6) y la mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en poblaciones con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, hipertensión u obesidad (5) . El objetivo del estudio es describir la incidencia de la COVID-19 en una Unidad de Diálisis Domiciliaria (UDD) en Madrid, una de las áreas más afectadas de Europa, y evaluar la evolución en este grupo de pacientes comparándolo con nuestros pacientes en hemodiálisis en centro. En conclusión, la incidencia de la infección por COVID-19 en nuestra unidad de diálisis domiciliaria en Madrid durante el pico de la pandemia fue alta, principalmente en pacientes en DP. cache = ./cache/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332066-8mdg6172 author = Thway, A. M. title = Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-COV-2 in Myanmar date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 204 flesch = 55 summary = The data series of COVID-19 cases were extracted from the daily official reports of the Ministry of Health and Sports (MOHS), Myanmar and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Myanmar. The critical importance are epidemiologic investigations to characterize mode of transmission, reproduction number, serial interval, and clinical spectrum of infection in order to reform and refine strategies that can stop the spread of COVID-19 [21] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 The Epidemiological parameter included epidemic curve, basic reproduction number (R 0 ), serial interval and close contact of a confirmed case. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 doi: medRxiv preprint With regard epidemiological contact, 4 clusters of cases were obviously detected in Myanmar. Current basic reproduction number (R 0 ) and serial interval was estimated based on available reported data. Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in cache = ./cache/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332078-vl309ss7 author = Cipollaro, Lucio title = Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1417 sentences = 88 flesch = 34 summary = Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332085-s58sd8e4 author = Wissmath, B. title = Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2058 sentences = 144 flesch = 55 summary = title: Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. In particular, individuals who did not agree with the containment measures, as well as those who saw nothing positive in the crisis, experienced even higher levels of stress. To prevent stress, authorities should explain containment measures well, highlight positive aspects of the crisis, address worries, and facilitate support. Seeing positive aspects of the crisis, as well as agreement with the government's containment strategy, are correlated, and both mitigate worries and boost perceived support. Highlighting positive aspects about the crisis and convincing people of the effectiveness and the necessity of containment measures may not only boost compliance, but also decrease stress, since individuals feel protected by the authorities and experience less worries. Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress cache = ./cache/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332071-bqvn3ceq author = Lee, Jeong Seok title = Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7099 sentences = 412 flesch = 53 summary = In a murine model of SARS-CoV infection, a delayed, but considerable type I IFN (IFN-I) response CORONAVIRUS Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 (Page numbers not final at time of first release) 2 promotes the accumulation of monocytes-macrophages and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in lethal pneumonia with vascular leakage and impaired virusspecific T-cell responses (10) . To examine the host immune responses in a cell type-specific manner, we subjected 59,572 cells to t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) based on highly variable genes using the Seurat package (17) and identified 22 different clusters unbiased by patients or experimental batches of scRNA-seq (Fig. 1A, Fig. S1D ). First, we combined both mild and severe COVID-19 as a COVID-19 group and identified disease-specific changes in genes for each cell type compared to the healthy donor group using model-based analysis of single cell transcriptomics (MAST) (18) . cache = ./cache/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331947-s97h7sxj author = Deng, H.-J. title = Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3950 sentences = 233 flesch = 52 summary = Cytokines that can classify populations in different states of SARS-CoV-2 infection were first screened in cross-sectional serum samples from 184 subjects by 2 statistical analyses. Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. Further searching led to a single cytokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which classified severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 97.9% under a cutoff value of 1128 pg/ml. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 doi: medRxiv preprint Cross-sectional serum samples were obtained from 184 subjects, including 37 healthy controls, 37 asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-PCR, 97 nonsevere or moderate COVID-19 inpatients, and 13 severe COVID -19 patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 infection, including healthy controls and asymptomatic infection, nonsevere and severe COVID-19 patients, might be involved in the immune or inflammatory response induced by the virus. cache = ./cache/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332087-xwturwju author = McGlynn, Fergal title = Argatroban for therapeutic anticoagulation for heparin resistance associated with Covid-19 infection date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1448 sentences = 101 flesch = 54 summary = They describe their experience with Covid-19 patients in the intensive care unit anti-coagulated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH), presenting evidence of apparent heparin resistance (HR) resulting from increased levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen with decreased antithrombin levels. [4] recently reported outcomes for 42 patients in (non-Covid-19) critical care settings with HR who were anti-coagulated with argatroban compared to those treated with increased doses of UFH. They reported greater efficacy in achieving adequate anti-coagulation (as measured by the aPTT) at 24 h with argatroban than with increased doses of heparin. We report 2 cases of apparent HR in critically ill Covid-19 patients with thrombotic complications who were successfully and safely treated with argatroban. Argatroban may be considered as an alternative anti-coagulant, easily monitored using the aPTT in critically ill patients with Covid-19-associated thrombosis and HR. cache = ./cache/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332100-l3r7qxxm author = Wu, Chaomin title = Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID‐19 survivors in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1194 sentences = 99 flesch = 55 summary = 4 However, few studies have reported the post-discharge follow-up status, especially the mental health status of COVID-19 survivors. As shown in Table 2 , survivors with post-discharge respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, or worry about infection to others had significantly increased incidence of anxiety (P < .05). Female, or survivors with post-discharge respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, worry about infection to others, or home quarantine lifestyle had significantly increased incidence of depression (P < .05). In this study, we conducted a post-discharge follow-up of COVID-19 survivors. We Chinese experts pointed out that SARS-CoV-2 RNA turning into positive in survivors is not equal to recurrence or re-infection. We found anxiety and depression are significantly associated with post-discharge residual symptoms, worry about recurrence, and worry about infection to others. In summary, about 10% of COVID-19 survivors develop anxiety or depression, because of post-discharge residual respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, and infection to others. cache = ./cache/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331910-s474ecvk author = Thota, Sai Manohar title = Natural products as home‐based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8669 sentences = 457 flesch = 37 summary = Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. In this context, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of natural products that are actively used in alternative/ traditional medicines to treat many of the acute pulmonary infections, routinely seen in COVID-19 patients. Importantly, these pre-clinical studies highlight the efficacy of garlic in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis, lung injury, and sepsis-associated organ failure, all of which are symptoms observed in patients with advanced COVID-19 infection. Taken together, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that vitamin-C could have promising therapeutic benefits in individuals with pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction all of which are observed in advanced COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332074-s824m91f author = Caillet, Anaëlle title = Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2455 sentences = 154 flesch = 60 summary = SUBJECT AND PURPOSE: Just as every pandemic, COVID-19 could lead to emotional and psychological disturbances among caregivers, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where significant stress related to the influx of patients, exposure to the virus and the lack of documentation on this new SARS occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was proposed to the persons working in 5 ICUs of a French teaching hospital (April 8 to April 21, 2020). The health care teams have an increased risk of developing psychological disorders during a pandemic such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger, fear, guilt, irritability, frustration, and sleep disturbance (5) . The independent risk factors for developing anxiety syndrome were being assigned in COVID-19 + ICU, and not be trained in intensive care Classically, 13% of ICU professionals are anxious and 4% are depressed (13) . cache = ./cache/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332179-du1zjupf author = Sayed, Shomoita title = COVID-19 and Diabetes; possible role of polymorphism and rise of telemedicine date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4009 sentences = 234 flesch = 48 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry is facilitated by interaction with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and possible polymorphisms in ACE2 can be a determining factor in host-viral protein interaction. Another population study in England showed a 31.4% mortality rate for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients suffering from COVID-19 infection [17] . So, increased viral entry via increased ACE2 expression and circulating proteases, lymphocytopenia and concurrent increase of inflammatory cytokines can exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes [23] . Diabetic patients on medication with abovementioned drugs with their elevated ACE2 expression can be susceptible to facilitated SARS-CoV-2 entry, leading to increased chances of disease severity. Whether the polymorphisms have more pronounced effects among diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection should be taken into consideration while exploring the possible role of viral entry in hosts. cache = ./cache/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332150-j76726no author = De Stefano, Ludovico title = A “Window of Therapeutic Opportunity” for Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 166 flesch = 28 summary = The main challenge for effective administration of anti-cytokine therapy in COVID-19 will be therefore to better define a precise "window of therapeutic opportunity." Only considering a more specific set of criteria able to integrate information on direct viral damage, the cytokine burden, and the patient's immune vulnerability, it will be possible to decide, carefully balancing both benefits and risks, the appropriateness of using immunosuppressive drugs even in patients affected primarily by an infectious disease. Discovery of virus and host genomic factors will undoubtedly support risk stratification and targeted treatment; however, as genomic studies require long times before entering clinical practice, it is urgent to integrate easily accessible information on the dynamics and pathogenicity of the immune response during the different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, longitudinal immune profiling of hospitalized COVID-19 cases with different outcomes has recently shown that, despite similar levels of inflammatory cytokines in the first 10 days from symptom onset, patients with less severe disease evolution also express mediators of wound healing and tissue repair (41) . cache = ./cache/cord-332150-j76726no.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332150-j76726no.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332109-ont0tqpn author = Wei, Yufeng title = Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11728 sentences = 668 flesch = 39 summary = The immunosuppression reduces antibody production, cytotoxicity, and T cell-mediated immune responses, and is linked to higher incidences of pathogen infections, slowed recovery, and severe disease progression in COVID-19. Due to compromised immune responses, cocaine abusers have considerably high incidences of viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and potentially SARS-CoV-2. Cardiac arrhythmias and acute MI; oxygen imbalance; microvascular diseases and thrombosis [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [129] [130] [131] [132] Increased severity and mortality [12, 37, 38] Immune system Stimulating HPA axis; immunosuppression; defects in antibody formation, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage and NK activation [141, 142] High incidence of viral infection [142] CNS Increased BBB permeability due to loss of tight junction proteins; rearrangement of cytoskeleton structure [143] [144] [145] [146] Endotheliitis and CNS infection [53, [55] [56] [57] Amphetamine, METH, MDMA cache = ./cache/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332118-jg80szw7 author = Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo title = Eating Habits and Physical Activity of the Spanish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4368 sentences = 200 flesch = 52 summary = The objective of our study is to learn the dietary patterns, consumption, and physical activity of the Spanish population before and during the period of confinement by COVID-19. Subsequently, and using the McNemar test, it was studied whether there were significant differences between gender and diet adherence, as well as the answers to each questionnaire item and the adherence to the MD during each period (before and after the confinement), accepting a confidence level of 95%. These habits have gained a special relevance during the period of confinement caused by COVID-19, as the alteration of the diet and physical activity can yield diseases like obesity, diabetes; which are risk mortality factors in patients with COVID-19 [13] . Our outcomes were higher than those reported by other studies, regarding the number of subjects that practiced physical activity during confinement (70.6% versus 59.6%) [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332110-6fmc5mbs author = Drury, John title = COVID‐19 in context: Why do people die in emergencies? It’s probably not because of collective psychology date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3241 sentences = 188 flesch = 55 summary = Examining the evidence in emergencies suggests three main reasons why there are avoidable fatalities: (1) under-reaction to threat, (2) systemic factors, and (3) mismanagement. We then examine how far they help us understand what has happened in the case of COVID-19 in the UK context, before discussing the real collective psychology of emergencies. Under-reaction, system, and mismanagement in the COVID-19 response in the United Kingdom Unlike fires, earthquakes, floods, and bombings, which tend to be short-term events which occur in one place, the effects of the current pandemic are dispersed in time and space. And when we examine some of the major problems in response and outcomes 9 in the COVID-19 crisis, prima facie our three-fold classification above fits better than explanations in terms of public selfishness, thoughtlessness, and over-reaction. cache = ./cache/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332160-dytr70pi author = Wang, Biao title = The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 509 sentences = 30 flesch = 60 summary = title: The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak When patients have to go to the hospital for treatment, they need to be informed to take protective measures, of course, spine surgeons also need to do the corresponding protection. For patients undergoing emergency surgery and surgery within a certain period of time, we must do a good job in screening work such as virus nucleic acid detection, and make sure whether the patients are infected with COVID-19. With the increase in the number of COVID-19 infections, there has been a shortage of medical supplies and staff around the world. On the basis of ensuring the department of spine surgery is in working order, some spine surgeons should invest in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Of course, as a medical worker, spine surgeons can also be involved in nucleic acid testing, patient screening, patient education and so on. cache = ./cache/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332194-97tkyv3w author = Barrett, Peter M title = Measuring the effectiveness of an automated text messaging active surveillance system for COVID-19 in the south of Ireland, March to April 2020 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1993 sentences = 115 flesch = 53 summary = We report the effectiveness of automated text messaging for active surveillance of asymptomatic close contacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Cork/Kerry region of Ireland. As part of ongoing efforts to control the spread of infection, national and international guidance recommends active surveillance of asymptomatic close contacts of confirmed cases of COVID-19 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . However, evidence for the effectiveness of active surveillance systems among community-based close contacts of cases of COVID-19 has been limited to date. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of an automated text-based active surveillance system which was used in Cork/ Kerry for the first 7 weeks of the COVID-19 response. In the first 7 weeks of the COVID-19 response in Cork/Kerry, 9.0% of close contacts who consented to participate in active surveillance were referred for testing and 2.6% tested positive for COVID-19. Automated active surveillance systems can thus facilitate early identification of symptomatic close contacts and positive cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332153-fczf3lzc author = Azkur, Ahmet Kursat title = Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6181 sentences = 439 flesch = 50 summary = In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus‐specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross‐reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral‐load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID‐19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. cache = ./cache/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332204-24e2kcas author = Post, Adrian title = Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 416 sentences = 32 flesch = 53 summary = authors: Post, Adrian; Dullaart, Robin P.F.; Bakker, Stephan J.L. title: Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? Human pathogenic coronaviruses bind to their target cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), which is expressed in epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, and blood vessels 3 . animal-based studies have demonstrated that the tissue expression of the ACE2 receptor is downregulated in response to a high dietary sodium intake 4,5 . Combined, these experimental and epidemiological data led us to hypothesize that low sodium balance may augment cellular damage at a certain virus load and increase the risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. Besides habitual dietary salt intake, more acute changes in sodium balance might also influence ACE2 receptor expression. Intermittent sodium loss, due to either diarrhea, vomiting or perspiration could put patients that acquire COVID-19 infection at higher risk for development of a more severe or fatal course of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332108-6riu44fw author = Alanezi, Fahad title = Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4136 sentences = 192 flesch = 47 summary = Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60–80%). It included various sections, including questions related to general awareness of COVID-19 (four items), its symptoms (six items), transmission (three items), preventive care (10 items), treatment options (two items), myths (eight items), types of information (15 items), communication/promotional channels (nine items), and sources of information (five items). Firstly, this study contributes to the literature by providing the relationship between awareness and self-care practices adopted by the public considering the COVID-19 outbreak, reflecting the people's attitudes toward the pandemic and preventive measures. cache = ./cache/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332180-dw4h69tp author = Cheng, Fu-Yuan title = Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4124 sentences = 209 flesch = 44 summary = We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers' efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. The primary aim of this study is to develop a novel supervised machine learning classifier for predicting the risk of ICU transfer within the next 24 h for COVID-19 patients using hospital EMR data. The following data were retrospectively collected from the Mount Sinai Health System COVID-19 registry, sourced from an EPIC EHR system: demographic information, time-series of the admission-discharge-transfer events, structured and semi-structured clinical assessments, vital signs from nursing flowsheets, and laboratory and electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. cache = ./cache/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332268-x30svp5y author = Bearden, Donna M. title = COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3692 sentences = 226 flesch = 49 summary = A viral genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, currently termed SARS-CoV‑2, with a disease process called COVID-19 was released 1 week later via online resources to obtain public health support in control of spread. Perhaps the most detailed study to date, shedding light on how patients may present and progress, is an analysis of the first 99 cases of confirmed novel corona pneumonia in Wuhan [12] . Nowak and Walkowiak, in a recently released review of five in vitro studies reporting on the effect of lithium in coronavirus infections, concluded that the drug does have antiviral activity and should be explored as a potential treatment or prophylaxis for COVID-19 [24] . The authors concluded "our work suggests that remdesivir may improve disease outcomes in coronavirus patients, serve to protect health care workers in area with endemic MERS-CoV and prove valuable in preventing future epidemics " [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332241-rvvzl6y1 author = Chen, Tz‐Heng title = The advantages of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1042 sentences = 61 flesch = 48 summary = The mismatch of supply and demand in medical resources worldwide, such as masks and protective gowns, has put healthcare workers and patients at a high risk of exposure to infection. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient HD facilities may have to be triaged to a hospital with isolation wards for dialysis, resulting in a shortage of dialysis machines, dialysates, wards, and healthcare workers. In addition to the need for high volumes of clean dialysate, machines, circuits, and spaces, HD requires a large number of healthcare workers such as physicians, nurses, technicians, and janitors. Low risk of PD solution shortage The need for a large number of healthcare workers, protective equipment, clean water, dialysis machines, which may be lacking in COVID-like pandemic or epidemic High volume peritoneal dialysis vs daily hemodialysis: a randomized, controlled trial in patients with acute kidney injury cache = ./cache/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332218-4bumy47f author = Rosenthal, Jamie A. title = Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 696 sentences = 60 flesch = 56 summary = title: Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 While studies from China suggested that 3 asthma was not a risk factor for severe COVID-19, other studies have shown higher rates of asthma 4 among hospitalized patients 1, 2 . Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the associations 5 between asthma and hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death among patients with 6 COVID-19. . We were unable to 53 evaluate the association between biologic medications for asthma and COVID-19 outcomes, as only one 54 patient with asthma was receiving a biologic (omalizumab) and did not require hospitalization. 55 56 This study assessed whether asthma was associated with COVID-19 severity with regards to outcomes 57 and laboratory biomarkers. In conclusion, there was no association between asthma and risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, or 81 death among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332333-vw5ogccq author = Montenegro-López, Diego title = Uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención para el manejo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3005 sentences = 282 flesch = 56 summary = Ante esta necesidad, las pruebas inmunológicas para buscar anticuerpos IgM/IgA e IgG dirigidos contra el SARS-CoV-2 son una alternativa complementaria a la PCR y sirven para el rastreo de casos asintomáticos y contactos de los casos índices (confirmados por PCR), lo que permitiría encontrar, aislar e interrumpir la cadena de transmisión en menor tiempo. En este contexto, es necesario definir los posibles modelos de atención en salud que permitan unir las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y la PCR; el objetivo de este estudio es proponer un modelo que integra el concepto de atención en el lugar (point-ofcare) y técnicas de inteligencia artificial. Con la implementación del modelo propuesto o uno similar, Colombia y los países de la región podrían conocer el impacto epidémico real de la enfermedad y efectuar diagnósticos más hacer el primer filtro para la asignación de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido o asignación directa de PCR, así como el manejo psicosocial de los casos compatibles con COVID-19 (Figura 1B). cache = ./cache/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332145-rw16o02g author = Chen, Patrick M. title = Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 169 flesch = 43 summary = The pandemic changed the assumptions made by most developed health care system: ample supplies and an overwhelmingly safe environment for patients and healthcare providers. One key lesson from the COVID-19 experience internationally is the rapid depletion and scarcity of medical supplies [e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanical ventilators], beds, and staff-an increasing occupational hazard for health care workers (2) (3) (4) . Similarly little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of our team members who face a number of stresses: occupational risk, evolving policy changes, and unprecedented ethical decisions. A key question remains of how we will prepare for the return of neurologic patients with delayed diagnosis because of COVID-19. Currently, the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the hospital leads providers and patients to prefer outpatient workup, forgoing, or curtailing inpatient monitoring. Acute stroke care in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332234-6jursf4h author = Diaferio, Lucia title = Cross-sectional survey on impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians: report from the SIAIP rhino-sinusitis and conjunctivitis committee date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2395 sentences = 130 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19 knowledge and impact among paediatricians in Italy about allergic asthma and upper airway involvement. The questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) based on their personal clinical experience and on the extensive review of most relevant international literature on COVID-19 infection searched on MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). cache = ./cache/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332373-yqcysn27 author = Lingamaneni, Prasanth title = Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1878 sentences = 141 flesch = 46 summary = HIT antibody testing (anti-PF4/heparin antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was sent, which returned positive with an optical density (OD) of 1.243 units. We encountered 4 additional patients admitted to our ICU with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 infection with thrombocytopenia, and an intermediate to high pretest probability for HIT. 6 In those with intermediate or high pretest probability, testing for the presence of HIT antibodies should be done, by using immunoassays or platelet activation assays. 13 Liu et al 14 suggested that anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies are induced in critical COVID-19 patients, resulting in HIT. Our 4 additional patients with COVID-19 were positive for anti-heparin PF4 antibodies. As most patients with COVID-19 receive prophylactic heparin, and those with severe disease are likely to develop venous thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia, unrelated to HIT, there could be an even greater potential for overdiagnosis of HIT. cache = ./cache/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332481-y0rd70ry author = Ljubic, T. title = The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3846 sentences = 190 flesch = 47 summary = title: The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia Rapid serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been questioned by scientists and the public because of unexplored effects of negative test results on behaviour and attitudes, that could lower the level of adherence to protective measures. Thus, this study aims at investigating the changes in personal attitudes and behaviour of DIV Group industry workers before and after receiving negative serological test results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results of this study indicate that the levels of fear of being infected or infecting others with COVID-19, as well as behaviours regarding adherence to protective measure, changed significantly in the timeframe after receiving negative test results. cache = ./cache/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332314-nukv34fh author = Bartoszek, Krzysztof title = Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5611 sentences = 279 flesch = 59 summary = Clearly, the curves presented in Fig. 1 suggest that a more in-depth look at the raw numbers is required and that there is a need to put the data in a correct perspective before trying to fit any epidemiological model to them, especially because the viral dynamics are starting to be inferred from reported case fatalities [5, 18, 24] . Its constantly increasing infected and case fatality count has lead us looking in greater detail into this data, especially as it is used for curve-fitting of epidemiological models (e.g., [13, 15, 21, 31] following brief survey of arXiv) and presented in public media. In this work, we analyzed in depth the two statistics that are commonly reported for the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-the number of confirmed cases and the number of case fatalities for the different regions of Italy. cache = ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332245-yfj1kkj7 author = nan title = SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ1 date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2336 sentences = 334 flesch = 55 summary = aktuell Infektiologie SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ 1 F Im Dezember 2019 kam es in der chinesischen Region Hubei zum gehäuften Auftreten von Pneumoniefällen unbekannter Ätiologie [1] . Allerdings waren in dieser Altersgruppe knapp 80 % der Fälle lediglich Verdachtsfälle (ohne SARS-CoV-2-Laborbestätigung), sodass die Autoren davon ausgehen, dass ein nicht unbeträchtlicher Teil dieser schweren Verläufe durch andere Viren (v. Jedoch zeigten sich in einer diesen Kohorten vermehrte fetale Komplikationen wie Frühgeburtlichkeit oder respiratorischer Stress, wobei der direkte Zusammenhang mit SARS-CoV-2 nicht geklärt ist. So muss natürlich auf neonatalen Intensivstationen damit gerechnet werden, dass aufgrund einer SARS-CoV-2-Erkrankung der Mutter eine prämature Entbindung indiziert wird und die Frühgeborenen behandelt werden müssen. Bei den wenigen detaillierten Berichten über spezifische Symptome bei Kindern mit COVID-19 wird Fieber in 40-100 % und Husten in 40-100 % der symptomatischen Fälle beschrieben [7, 8, [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . Bisher gibt es keine zugelassenen Medikamente zur Therapie von COVID-19 bei Erwachsenen und Kindern [32] . cache = ./cache/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332503-3h4fovqx author = Hui, Dawn S. title = On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 378 sentences = 36 flesch = 56 summary = title: On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 We read with interest the letter by Dr. Babokin 1 and agree with his points regarding resection of peri-infarct myocardium that may harbor foci of ventricular tachycardia. The technique he describes is one of several to manage post-infarct left ventricular (LV) aneurysms, ranging from the simple linear technique to endoventricular circular patch plasty as we described. 2 Choice of technique should be patient-specific, with the salient points being restoration of normal LV volume and appearance as much as possible, exclusion of akinetic segments and nidus for thrombus, and preservation of mitral competency. Dr. Babokin has published an innovative technique, 3 in which preoperative electroanatomic mapping is used to mark the transition zone with endocardial radiofrequency ablation lesions. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Please cite this article as: Hui DS, Calhoon JH, On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 Surgical ventricular reconstruction with endocardectomy along radiofrequency ablation-induced markings ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction During COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From a Regional Public Service Healthcare Hub cache = ./cache/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332175-d5suvj8g author = Allen, Jawara title = My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 Is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1246 sentences = 70 flesch = 59 summary = Three weeks later-on the day I was scheduled to start the clinical portion of my medical training-there were 418 700 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally [1] . By that time, many courses had started remote instruction, most research laboratories had been closed to all nonessential personnel, and medical school core clerkships had been temporarily canceled, all in an effort to decrease student exposure to COVID-19 and help "flatten the curve. But as a medical student eager to reenter the world of clinical care, the personal stories from the communities that would be most impacted by this relentless pathogen soon consumed my thoughts. Few other events before have so poignantly highlighted the global nature of health, the vulnerability of certain populations around the world, and the need for more infectious disease specialists. But the importance of infectious disease specialists will not end once the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases starts to decrease. To protect those communities, we need more infectious disease specialists. cache = ./cache/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332348-yi85sfks author = Liang, Yujie title = Neurosensory dysfunction: a diagnostic marker of early COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2748 sentences = 172 flesch = 56 summary = Recently, some researchers have reported that patients with COVID-19 would suffer from neurosensory dysfunction, including loss of smell (hyposmia) and taste (hypogeusia), with a prevalence of 5.1%-98% [2] [3] [4] [5] for hyposmia, and 5.6%-90.3% [2, 4, 5] for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hypogeusia. To clarify the onset time and duration of these symptoms will offer help for early diagnosis and accurate management of In this study, we report the characteristic neurosensory dysfunction in 44 of 86 patients with COVID-19. In this study, we detailly provided the exact time of onset and duration of neurosensory dysfunction, including hyposmia, hypogeusia and tinnitus, of patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, the present study detailly provided the exact time of onset and duration of neurosensory dysfunction, and reported the viral load of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332561-n2ghm318 author = Noordzij, Marlies title = ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1709 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = title: ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 Because patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT; including dialysis and kidney transplantation) are generally older and often have one or more of the aforementioned comorbidities, they may have an increased risk of death when they acquire a SARS-CoV-2 infection [5] . Given this uncertainty, it is important to collect reliable information on the incidence, clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with end-stage kidney disease who are treated with KRT. The primary purpose of ERACODA is to investigate the clinical course and outcomes-including hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality-of KRT patients with COVID-19. Physicians responsible for the care of these patients can register voluntarily and are asked to enter data of all consecutive kidney transplant and maintenance dialysis patients from their centre with COVID-19 into a central database. cache = ./cache/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332480-3uodkrkp author = Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy title = Adjunct immunotherapies for the management of severely ill COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5440 sentences = 334 flesch = 43 summary = Current COVID-19 data clearly highlight that cytokine storm and activated immune cell migration to the lungs characterize the early immune response to COVID-19 that causes severe lung damage and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. 13, 14, 16, 17 Of note, similar to severely ill COVID-19 cases, elevated serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ have been consistently observed in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that is common in the patients receiving T cell-engaging immunotherapies (bispecific antibody constructs or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies). A randomized Phase 1b/2, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is currently recruiting patients to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a humanized anti-GM-CSF IgG1 monoclonal antibody TJ003234 in severely ill COVID-19 patients (NCT04341116). 68 Similarly, treatment of ten severely ill COVID-19 patients with 200 mL of convalescent plasma containing viral neutralizing antibody titers more than 1:640 (A dilution of plasma that neutralized 100 TCID 50 (50% tissue-culture-infective dose) of SARS-CoV-2) led to reduced CRP levels, undetectable viremia and improved clinical symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332559-2r2gavbq author = Kajdy, Anna title = Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5207 sentences = 322 flesch = 52 summary = title: Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey has three parts: 1) questions related to general demography, pregnancy health history, mental health history, socioeconomic factors, as well as perception of fear, burden and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and 2) General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire for anxiety assessment 3) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. The survey consists of 60 questions, and it has the following structure: screening questions, consent form, demographic and socioeconomic questions, mental health history questions, general health history questions, pregnancy risk assessment questions, COVID-19 specific questions, and the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. cache = ./cache/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332682-c6iql84p author = Liesman, Daniel R title = Perspectives From Rising Fourth Year Medical Students Regarding Strategies to Counteract the Effects of COVID-19 on Medical Education date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2114 sentences = 114 flesch = 39 summary = We believe that implementing virtual rotations, delaying the opening of the application, decentralizing clinical skills evaluations, and modifying graduation requirements are possible options among many that could aid in addressing some of the current challenges presented by COVID-19. Therefore, we hope to contribute to this early discussion to identify possible avenues that residency programs, administration, and students may find useful as they approach some of the developing issues of clinical learning, licensing examinations, and graduation requirements in the wake of COVID-19. In light of the loss of clinical time and significant limitation in away rotation opportunities, the same working group has recommended delaying the opening of the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). As students, we believe that implementing virtual rotations, delaying the opening of the application, decentralizing clinical skills evaluations, and modifying graduation requirements are possible options among many that could aid in addressing some of the current challenges presented by COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332547-m9mb3c22 author = Iravani, Behzad title = Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5673 sentences = 249 flesch = 45 summary = From March to April, Folkhälsomyndigheten randomly sampled 738 individuals in the Stockholm region and, based on this data, together with available data from the health care system and the contagion factor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, modeled the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Stockholm population over time. Finally, for the test-retest reliability, we used a Pearson correlation between odor intensity ratings in the first session and second session in individuals who provided data in more than 1 session and who reported no symptoms in both. The marked drop in olfactory functions between sessions when participants started to report COVID-19 symptoms suggests that odor measures might serve as a clear indicator of COVID-19 at an individual level beyond the population level demonstrated here. cache = ./cache/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332292-n7k4va9k author = Yen, Yung-Feng title = Olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1239 sentences = 86 flesch = 57 summary = Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to characterize the clinical course of olfactory disorder in COVID-19 patients in Taiwan. Two patients exhibited anosmia as the main symptom at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while one patient had hyposmia 4 days after the onset of COVID-19. 7 All patients with olfactory disorder in our study fully recovered their olfactory function before the RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 turned negative. This cohort study was the first to characterize the clinical course of olfactory disorder in COVID-19 patients. 2 Limited COVID-19 cases in this study may preclude this J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f analysis from estimating the precise prevalence of olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, consistent with a current report, 7 the findings of our study suggest that olfactory disorder is not an uncommon symptom in COVID-19 patients. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332579-7950xjmv author = Aravena, J. M. title = 'Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5012 sentences = 256 flesch = 44 summary = title: 'Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. In this context, and considering the increasing number of COVID-19 related articles, a systematic review targeted to older people mental health considering a full-range of neuropsychiatric, psychiatric, psychosocial, and wellbeing parameters associated with the infection or the contextual impacts related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, contrasting the results among groups seems pertinent and necessary to fully understand the response and experiences of older adults and other age groups in the context of pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332650-05oz5zwz author = Fiorelli, Silvia title = Perspectives in surgical and anaesthetic management of lung cancer in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3273 sentences = 156 flesch = 38 summary = During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is relevant to consider carefully the lung cancer surgical centre to which patients are referred, taking into account the different levels of complexity of lung cancer management in terms of diagnostic processes and surgical indications. The following suggestions and perspectives are provided by a European high-volume referral centre where locally advanced lung cancer patients are treated surgically in a COVID-19 hospital that guarantees a COVID-free therapeutic pathway. Hence, we need a fast-track algorithm for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies ( Fig. 1A -C) to be used in patients with stage IA-IIIA lung cancer, to guide the use of computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans and the pretest risk of malignancy and cytological/histological diagnostic procedures ( Fig. 2A) . Although talc slurry is a viable choice for patients who are not suitable for thoracoscopy, video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures with talc poudrage are strongly indicated for patients with stage IV lung cancer even during the COVID-19 outbreak because of the significant qualityof-life improvement and the favourable benefit/risk ratio. cache = ./cache/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332729-f1e334g0 author = Shah, Nirav R. title = An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1638 sentences = 115 flesch = 52 summary = 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently added policy development as a sixth item in its list of the major tasks of epidemiology in public health, but there remains no mention of the impact on the general public. For instance, the Covid Act Now (CAN) model is fully open-source, along with its data inputs (available at https://covidactnow.org). Both the New York Times and Georgetown University's Center for Global Health, Science, and Security (available at https://covidamp.org/) have begun to collect data on COVID-19 policies by state and effective dates, including shelter-in-place and reopening orders. These eight considerations may enable COVID-19 data and models to become better harbingers of actionable, behavior-changing, and even life-saving information; to bridge the gap between scientific public health expertise and mainstream, layperson Are the data and model's mechanisms and data sources publicly available for fact-checking and validation? cache = ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332592-bfqsyiyf author = Goette, Andreas title = COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3539 sentences = 261 flesch = 41 summary = title: COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we can present a case of cytokine release syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 causing multiorgan failure and death. In summary, the present case shows that severe COVID-19 induces CRS associated with ARDS, acute kidney failure, liver pathologies, vascular intimal inflammation, pulmonary arterial, and venous thromboses and an inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy. In the present case, we can show that COVID-19 can induce the occurrences of ARDS, which was associated with pulmonary embolism, as well as thrombogenesis, in pulmonary veins and the right atrial appendage. In addition to COVID-19-induced ARDS, CRS might be associated with pulmonary artery, as well as vein thromboses, atrial fibrillation, sinus node dysfunction, right atrial clot formation, and inflammatory invasion of autonomic atrial nerve ganglia. cache = ./cache/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332420-9vyik2e9 author = Probst, Thomas title = Being a Psychotherapist in Times of the Novel Coronavirus Disease: Stress-Level, Job Anxiety, and Fear of Coronavirus Disease Infection in More Than 1,500 Psychotherapists in Austria date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5008 sentences = 244 flesch = 49 summary = This study investigated stress-level, degree of job-related anxiety, and fear of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in psychotherapists in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. One thousand five hundred and forty-seven psychotherapists participated in an online survey, assessing stress [Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)], work-related worries and fears of existence [Job Anxiety Scale (JAS)], fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy, and adherence to five protective measures against COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the stress-level, degree of job-related worries and fears of existence, as well as fear of COVID-19 infection in psychotherapists in the early weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. Table 2 shows the means and SDs. Between psychotherapists treating only face-to-face (n = 31), face-to-face as well as via teletherapy (telephone or internet, n = 618), only via teletherapy (telephone or internet, n = 793), or not at all (n = 105) in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown, stress-levels, F(3, 1,543) = 1.462, p = 0.223, and job-related worries and fears of existence, F(3, 1,543) = 0.304, p = 0.823, did not differ. cache = ./cache/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332703-ohzkpbwy author = Hui, Jane Yuet Ching title = Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a National Physician Cross-sectional Survey date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3509 sentences = 170 flesch = 45 summary = METHODS: Participants were recruited to an anonymous cross-sectional online survey of oncology physicians (surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists) using social media from March 27 to April 10, 2020. Though not statistically significant, radiation oncologists were also more likely than surgeons or medical oncologists to alter treatment plans due to concerns about exposure risk to health care workers (61.7% vs. At~10 to 11 weeks after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the United States, we found that the majority of physicians had already altered the oncology treatment plans, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for their patients. We did observe that physicians who practice in states with higher numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases were more likely to have altered their treatment plans but do not have longitudinal data to assess how case numbers affect cancer care. We found that physicians who practice in states with a higher COVID-19 case count were more likely to have already altered cancer treatment plans. cache = ./cache/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332824-a2mjkz83 author = Finnerty, Dylan T. title = A potential novel role for lidocaine in Covid- 19 patients? date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1749 sentences = 117 flesch = 38 summary = Interestingly serum from COVID-19 patients triggered NET release from control neutrophils in vitro, suggesting COVID-19 creates a cellular environment wherein netosis is more likely to occur. Onset of this disease state in COVID-19 patients is associated with high mortality, and suppression of these overactivated cytokines is a therapeutic target of current interest. We hypothesise that lidocaine infusion in COVID-19 patients may decrease the formation of NETs and modulate the severity of disease. Here it is the surgical stress response that triggers formation of NETs. The mechanisms by which netosis occurs are not fully understood and possibly differ between patients undergoing surgery and those with viral pneumonia. Neutrophil extracellular traps are elevated in patients with pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increased in the alveolar spaces of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia Neutrophil extracellular traps in breast cancer and beyond: current perspectives on NET stimuli, thrombosis and metastasis, and clinical utility for diagnosis and treatment cache = ./cache/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332541-mntietmw author = Yang, Tianan title = Lessons Learnt from China: National Multidisciplinary Healthcare Assistance date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1282 sentences = 70 flesch = 42 summary = METHODS: We adopted the "Difference-in-difference Method" to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. CONCLUSION: The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance was an effective intervention to reduce the burden of COVID-19 and ease pressure on the healthcare system in Hubei and China. The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance is a Chinese policy to coordinate inter-regional, inter-industrial, and inter-departmental cooperation at a national level, combining financial disclosure, business disclosure, and scientific evaluation mechanisms to achieve effective prevention and control of the current epidemic. We adopted the difference-in-difference method to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. After controlling for the impact of the above variables, the number of recovered cases per day increased by 39.36 as a result of the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332496-xxz6qd3i author = Jiménez, Óliver title = Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3914 sentences = 184 flesch = 49 summary = The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifestyles and circumstances of adults residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was done using an anonymous online survey in which 412 participants filled out the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-2; the Impact of Events Scale; and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, reporting severe symptomatology of posttraumatic stress and mild anxiety and depression. In spite of these limitations, the results of this study provide important information on the psychological and social impact of the first three weeks of a COVID-19 quarantine period, including that self-compassion might be an important protective factor, and may be used as a reference in future epidemics or outbreaks of the virus that provoke similar short or long-term situations to generate hypotheses for improvement of prevention and intervention. cache = ./cache/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332573-pltz5viz author = Lieberman, Joshua A title = Coping With COVID-19: Emerging Medical Student Clinical Pathology Education in the Pacific Northwest in the Face of a Global Pandemic date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3778 sentences = 197 flesch = 44 summary = The reflection piece, due at the end of the course, was a one-to two-page reply to the following prompt: "Describe three key aspects of lab medicine you've learned and how they apply to the Covid-19 pandemic." The anonymous course survey contained quantitative and freetext elements for students to give feedback on small groups, lectures, and the overall course (Supplemental Table 1 ; all supplemental materials can be found at American Journal of Clinical Pathology online). The course directors effectively leveraged these parallel changes in clinical activity and resident education to provide medical students remote access to these activities, which had been components of LabM 680 ❚Table 4❚. The new course, MedSci 585C, provided third-and fourth-year medical students an opportunity to develop their diagnostic and patient management skills through directed distance learning in the hospital-based clinical laboratory. cache = ./cache/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332680-zfn81hew author = Chan, Chieh-Kai title = Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 204 flesch = 45 summary = The following variables were extracted: author, journal, publication year, study design, geographic location, participants' details (number, study population, age, sex, and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease), use of antihypertensive drugs, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, outcomes (including positive SARS-CoV-2 test results and disease prognosis/severity, if available). The systematic review findings of the 7 high-quality studies (with comparative data on the controls) on SARS-COV-2 infection provide the best available evidence proving that therapy with ACE inhibitors or ARBs is not associated with an increase of positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and the severity of COVID-19 disease or overall population mortality as a whole in case-population and cohort studies. ACE indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; N/A, not applicable; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; and SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. cache = ./cache/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332774-t5untewz author = Vaccaro, Alexander R. title = Practice Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4901 sentences = 231 flesch = 48 summary = We think these recommendations will allow providers and their staff to return to an infrastructure that can adjust immediately to the pent-up healthcare demand that may occur after the COVID-19 pandemic. This reduction positioned our employees to take advantage of par-tial unemployment benefits of the recently passed Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. 1 The reduced teams facilitated work site reallocation and allowed several of the clinical offices to temporarily close. 6 Importantly, the use of telemedicine should be continued after this crisis by groups both at the physician and midprovider level to help evaluate patients and efficiently manage office encounters. The use of this technology will allow groups to protect their most valuable asset, the providers, while at the same time administering care for patients and developing the practice. cache = ./cache/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332678-yk1stlty author = Baldacini, Mathieu title = Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 82 flesch = 43 summary = title: Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19 are two conditions associated with severe coagulopathy. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19 are two conditions associated with severe coagulopathy. We present here the multiple haemostasis abnormalities observed in a patient with concomitant acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19. We present here the multiple haemostasis abnormalities observed in a patient with concomitant acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19. Haemostasis analysis showed diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) signs: increased prothrombin time (22Á2 s for a laboratory reference of 13Á2), mild decrease of fibrinogen level (1Á93 g/l, normal value 2-4) and major increase in D-dimers (>20 µg/ml, normal value < 0Á5). 5 Recurrent and extensive thrombosis of cerebral arteries was concomitant with haemorrhages as a result of leukaemia-related DIC, COVID-related coagulopathy and severe thrombocytopenia. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332454-fays5l5d author = Casas-Rojo, J M title = Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19 date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3289 sentences = 352 flesch = 58 summary = Crear un registro de pacientes hospitalizados en España por COVID-19 para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos de esta enfermedad. El objetivo principal del registro es generar, en un corto período de tiempo, una gran cohorte multicéntrica con información detallada sobre la epidemiología, el curso clínico y el tratamiento recibido por los pacientes. El Registro SEMI-COVID-19 es una cohorte retrospectiva en curso que incluye consecutivamente a la mayor parte de los pacientes dados de alta o fallecidos tras su ingreso por COVID-19 confirmada en 150 hospitales de España desde el día 1 de marzo de 2020 hasta el final de la pandemia. Son candidatos para su inclusión todos los pacientes dados de alta o fallecidos tras su ingreso hospitalario con una infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada. Esta es la mayor serie descrita de pacientes hospitalizados en España con enfermedad COVID-19 confirmada, y una de las mayores del mundo hasta la fecha. cache = ./cache/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332784-xkc89uaz author = Mishra, Shashank Shekhar title = Computational investigation of potential inhibitors of novel coronavirus 2019 through structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics and density functional theory studies date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4245 sentences = 234 flesch = 49 summary = The novel hit molecules identified from docking study were selected based on the docking score, binding energy calculations, and their other interactions with amino acid residues. To analyze the structural stability of the COVID-19 main protease protein-ligand complexes, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out by using Desmond in the presence of the POPC bilayer membrane (Shekhar et al., 2019) . The selected five potential hit molecules in the binding site of protease protein, interacting with amino acid residues Phe140, Gly143, Thr26, Thr190, Glu166, Pro168, Met165 and Leu141 with a docking score of À7.524 and À6.711 kcal/mol. It is found that the hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and hydrophobic interactions with Pro168, Leu167, Met 49, His41are major contributing factor for stabilizing hit molecule ZINC13144609 at the binding site which is in accordance with our docking result. cache = ./cache/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332625-3rvis2gy author = Modell, Stephen M. title = Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5395 sentences = 247 flesch = 55 summary = This inspection of the pandemic from the view of Detroit will examine the epidemiology of the coronavirus, translation of professional practice into people's awareness of the chronic disease risk factors which are prevalent in Detroit, moral and ethical views on the distribution of resources, and three major ways that religious faith has helped to sustain people's health and welfare in the midst of the broad social challenges posed by this novel coronavirus. States Dr. Abdul El-Sayed, who resurrected the Detroit Health Department from the city's municipal bankruptcy in 2013, "I think if you're working an $11-an-hour job that has no paid sick leave and no protection guarantee, that being forced to go out and do your job or lose it in the middle of a pandemic is going to increase your probability of either contracting an infectious disease or transmitting it" (Bach 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332716-1d89j7jh author = Choi, Marcelo title = El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3334 sentences = 366 flesch = 59 summary = Uno de los temas que ha generado debate se vincula con la asociación entre la terapia antihipertensiva con inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) y la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Para ingresar a las células el coronavirus interactúa, utilizando como receptor, con la ECA2 y serina-proteasas transmembrana de tipo II (TMPRSS2) ubicadas en la superficie celular del huésped (7) . Los estudios clínicos llevados a cabo hasta el día de hoy no han demostrado que existen diferencias entre ambos tratamientos en términos de aumento del riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 o de desarrollo de resultados graves en pacientes con COVID-19 (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) . Si bien existe evidencia in vitro de que el SARS-CoV-2 se une a los receptores ECA2 y que éstos se encuentran aumentados en presencia de IECA o ARA-II, no hay evidencia al momento de que la exposición a estos fármacos facilite la entrada del coronavirus ni que produzcan un mayor riesgo de COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332970-atwz3rgf author = Gentile, Pietro title = Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2635 sentences = 133 flesch = 52 summary = title: Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs). Robert Chunhua Zhao's group [1] reported in a recent study, published in March 2020, an interesting improvement in pulmonary functional activity, into 7 patients affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) after a intravenous administration of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the preliminary study of Robert Chunhua Zhao's group [1] , 7 patients affected by SARS-CoV-2, with COVID-19 pneumonia displayed a sensible improvement pulmonary function after several intravenous infusion of clinicalgrade MSCs [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332673-av2vt54r author = Alwashmi, Meshari F. title = The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3021 sentences = 175 flesch = 44 summary = This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. During the outbreak of Ebola and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), digital health (DH) demonstrated its potential in detecting and fighting global epidemics [2] [3] [4] . This article reveals that digital technologies can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Online surveillance-mapping tools, such as the Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS) [9] , as well as HealthMap [10] , have the potential to improve the early detection of infectious diseases in comparison to traditional epidemiological tools [2] . The app has the potential to include real-time updates of evidence-based guidelines during a global pandemic to inform the general population and healthcare providers. cache = ./cache/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332940-vb9ds64o author = Cho, Jiacai title = COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 525 sentences = 35 flesch = 57 summary = title: COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration As COVID-19 ravages healthcare systems worldwide, cases of infection among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are increasingly reported. Patient 2 was a 32-year-old Filipino woman with active lupus nephritis who was treated with hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone 30 mg daily. In summary, we report three cases of COVID-19 infection in SLE patients from the Asia Pacific, of which one was fatal. Notably, all three patients had active SLE which required escalation of treatment just before, or during treatment for COVID-19 infection, in contrast to reports from France. COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine cache = ./cache/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332932-mq36xpai author = Wood, David A. title = Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1776 sentences = 113 flesch = 37 summary = In this consensus report, we harmonize recommendations from North American cardiovascular societies and provide guidance on the safe reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostic tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed below, COVID-19 testing of potential patients and health care workers (HCW), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), must also be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of shortages as the pandemic escalates and abates. 2) COVID-19 Screening: Encourage routine screening of all patients prior to any cardiovascular procedure or test to ensure the safety of HCWs. This testing may include nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva or rapid antibody tests and should be guided by local institutional infectious disease experts and closely coordinated with regional public health officials. It provides an ethical framework with appropriate safeguards for the gradual reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostics tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332828-a4ck2ddp author = Alboaneen, Dabiah title = Predicting the Epidemiological Outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 165 flesch = 57 summary = We used two models: the Logistic Growth and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered for real-time forecasting the confirmed cases of COVID-19 across Saudi Arabia. This article aims to give a local prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia by using the real-time data from 2 March 2020 to 15 May 2020. In [18] , a mathematical model was developed to predict the effects of implementing government restrictions to contain COVID-19 epidemic on the number of infection cases in China. We present predictions for reported cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia from 2 March to 15 May 2020 using mathematical modeling and simulation. Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data Estimating the unreported number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in China in the first half of January 2020: A data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332924-u6acq4mg author = Sibiri, Hagan title = Containing the impact of COVID-19: Review of Ghana's response approach date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2046 sentences = 125 flesch = 56 summary = • Ghana's government have resorted to pronouncing directives and touting the implementing of a targeted and proactive so-called approach of 'Tracing,' 'Testing,' and 'Treatment' as its main COVID-19 response. • First, limit and stop the importation of new cases; second, prevent community spread; third, isolate, treat and take care of the sick; fourth, ensure self-reliance and expand the domestic capability; last but not least, limit the impact on social and economic life. Instead, governments have resorted to pronouncing directives and touting the implementing of a targeted and proactive so-called approach of 'Tracing,' 'Testing,' and 'Treatment' as its primary COVID-19 response -where 'Tracing' means aggressive contact tracing to identify infected and high-risk people in the communities; Testing means enhancing the testing capacity of the country; Treatment means isolating and treating persons who have tested positive. After careful analysis of actions, directives, and speeches by government and public health officials leading the fight, Ghana's response strategy can be categorized into five-part policy programs. cache = ./cache/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332827-gll4nqdd author = Peixe, Paula title = Hepatology in the COVID Era: Another C Virus, again Challenging the Liver date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3989 sentences = 221 flesch = 52 summary = In published series, liver disease was not identified as a risk factor for SARS-Cov2 infection [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . The authors state that NAFLD patients also had a higher risk of progression to severe COVID-19 and present an increased viral clearance time. Immune-mediated liver diseases, particularly autoimmune hepatitis, have not been mentioned as risk factors for COVID-19, but the immunosuppressive treatment required has triggered fears about the risk of infection in patients. Extensive records and targeted studies are needed to explore multiple open-ended questions such as the severity and mortality of COVID-19 and episodes of acute-on-chronic or decompensation associated with the presence of this disease (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, digestive bleeding, kidney dysfunction, and the risk of infection) or the response to treatment [25, 26] . However, it is not yet possible to say whether transplantation-associated immunosuppression can alter the predisposition for the acquisition of SARS-Cov2 infection or how COVID-19 evolves in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332733-rnq4z2yz author = Su, Jinghua title = Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1693 sentences = 95 flesch = 54 summary = Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. The aim of this survey was to explore the prevalence of anxiety among community residents in Guangzhou city, the third biggest city in China, and its association with proximity to people with COVID-19, information overload and information sources. We collected data on participants' demographic characteristics, proximity to COVID-19 cases, time spent collecting information about coronavirus, favourite methods to obtain information, worry about COVID-19 and anxiety. Proximity to patients with COVID-19, time spent on collecting information about coronavirus and preferring to use social media as their information source were included in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety was not associated with demographic characteristics in our study, which indicates the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic may be universal in community residents. cache = ./cache/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332992-8rmqg4rf author = de Vries, A. A. F. title = SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9182 sentences = 433 flesch = 39 summary = Although SARS-CoV-2 particles/components have been detected in, for example, endothelial cells, the digestive tract and the liver, not all extrarespiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are necessarily caused by direct viral injury but may also be the consequence of the hypoxaemia, (hyper)inflammatory response, neuroendocrine imbalance and other pathophysiological changes induced by the airway infection [43] . Factors that may contribute to the thrombophilia observed in severely ill COVID-19 patients include the following: (1) a disturbed balance between pro-and anticoagulant activities due to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of complement, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and activation of platelets; (2) inflammation-related endothelial activation; (3) death of SARS-CoV-2-infected endothelial cells; (4) endothelial dysfunction caused by unbalanced angiotensin IIangiotensin II type-1 receptor signalling; (5) formation of prothrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies; (6) immobility-associated reduction of blood flow; (7) hypoxia due to respiratory impairment resulting from SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury [79] [80] [81] . cache = ./cache/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332983-d28oovm2 author = Siudak, Zbigniew title = Clinical and procedural characteristics of COVID‐19 patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 89 flesch = 39 summary = Our aim was to investigate based on the nationwide registry the impact of national lockdown and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the percutaneous treatment of CAD in Poland, as well as to provide a characteristic of COVID-19 positive or suspected patients treated in interventional cardiology centers and their immediate procedural outcomes. Of 163 cardiac catheterization centers in Poland, 12 (7.4%) were indefinitely closed down due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and an addiOf all patients who underwent invasive diagnostic or treatment during 2-month period, 362 (2.6%) were COVID-19 (suspected or confirmed by an approved RT-PCR test). Best to our knowledge, this is one of the first detailed national analysis on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on interventional cardiology procedures as well as the first presentation of baseline characteristics and immediate outcome of over 300 COVID-19 confirmed/suspected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332709-0plblo4k author = Zodda, David title = Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2372 sentences = 147 flesch = 52 summary = title: Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in the number of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. With limited resources and ventilators available, emergency physicians working at a hospital within the epicenter of the United States outbreak developed a stepwise, non-invasive oxygenation strategy for treating COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights a stepwise, organized approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation for COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. We present a stepwise approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the ED with hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. Our case report describes a stepwise approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the ED with hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. cache = ./cache/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332942-l0tbak9l author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Macrolides for patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 680 sentences = 39 flesch = 34 summary = Nonetheless, we are concerned with the use of macrolides among patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection. A recent systematic review and metaanalysis reported an increased risk of death with the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine though this was not the case for the use of hydroxychloroquine alone, among patients with COVID-19 [4] . Likewise, a follow-up study of a randomized trial evaluating 4,373 patients with stable coronary heart disease who received either clarithromycin or placebo for the treatment of atherosclerosis reported an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with the use of clarithromycin during the first three years of follow-up [8] . This may be the reason for the increased risk of death with the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in this patient population. Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332778-rf47ptj6 author = Vivarelli, Silvia title = Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial? date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7447 sentences = 374 flesch = 44 summary = It was demonstrated that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing a worse symptomatology upon severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, often leading to hospitalization and intensive care. Given their immune-compromised status, cancer patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 might be at a higher risk of developing severe and critical consequences upon COVID-19, including ARDS, septic shock and acute myocardial infarction [29] [30] [31] . Nevertheless, cancer patients, when infected by SARS-CoV-2 might develop more severe outcomes, if anti-cancer treatments induce a weakening of the host immune health [38] . Since the beginning of this pandemic, nine independent clinical studies have been published about the risks possibly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer. In line with this concept, three additional independent clinical studies are currently enrolling non-cancer COVID-19 patients to test the efficacy of administering ICIs to reshape the impaired immune system of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (i.e., NCT04268537; NCT04356508 and NCT04413838). cache = ./cache/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333083-8bxqsga2 author = Zhou, Shuchang title = Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3746 sentences = 171 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVES: To investigate CT images of 100 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients to describe the lesion distribution, CT signs, and evolution during different courses. • In the early rapid progressive stage, GGO plus a reticular pattern, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO were all common signs; in the advanced stage, signs of progression and absorption coexisted; lung abnormalities showed an asynchronous process with parts with absorption and parts progressing. In this study, we collected 100 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients, including 84 cases with CT follow-up scan, to describe the CT imaging features and evolution of this disease. We investigated the CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and CT changes according to the disease course of a large sample of 100 patients with 272 CT scans in this study. In conclusion, the main CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia mainly included GGO, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO plus reticular pattern, single or multiple focus onset, distributed predominantly in the peripheral, middle, and lower zones, and the posterior zone in bilateral lungs. cache = ./cache/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332577-2z5pchyq author = Adolph, C. title = Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6221 sentences = 338 flesch = 57 summary = Controlling for the seven-day moving average of reported COVID-19 deaths and state citizen ideology, we find the governor's party affiliation is the most important predictor of state differences in the timing of indoor public mask mandates. Figure 2 reports the results from our baseline model, which controls for the log of COVID-19 deaths per million population reported in the state as seven-day moving averages, the ideological orientation of each state's citizenry, and the party of the governor (18; 19; 20) . Researchers and policy-makers use several metrics to track SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and governors have access to daily data on COVID-19 measures including confirmed cases, deaths, and positive test result rates. We therefore consider models adding controls for more timely indicators of the spread of SARS-CoV-2: the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per million reported in each state each day and the rate of test positivity (in both cases, as sevenday moving averages). cache = ./cache/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332795-kcvj1kmx author = Martín Carreras‐Presas, Carmen title = SARS‐CoV‐2 oral associated lesions: discussion of elicited response date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1486 sentences = 91 flesch = 52 summary = Some authors mention in their letters that our report was not the first COVID-19 patient with intraoral manifestations. (Galvan Casas et al., 2020) and also Chaux-Bodard et al., for having published the first report of a patient with oral and cutaneous manifestations just 5 days before our article was published. In response to Dr. Ponce and Dr. Abu-Hammad, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is difficult in some cases since they may resemble other clinical features commonly seen in other viral processes, but the suspected COVID-19 cases that we reported, were clinically compatible with the findings in the literature about SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Lombardo & Pagnoncellia, 2020; Vieira, 2020; Rocha, Figueiredo & Resende, 2020) Lastly, Dr. Patel and Wolley reported a necrotizing periodontal disease in a 35 year old female patient suspected of having COVID-19 as a response to our article. Letter to the Editor: Necrotizing periodontal disease: oral manifestation of COVID-19. Letter to the Editor: Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332862-2knq5vdp author = Barbosa, Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto title = Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2265 sentences = 110 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of chest CT in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 at a cancer center. We selected all patients who had chest CT due to suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and RT-PCR test collected at the same day between February and March 2020 at a cancer center. In the second scenario, considering chest CT with typical or indeterminate findings as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were respectively 92.0%, 62.1%, 47.9%, 95.3% and 70.3% ( Table 2 ). The results of the present study show that chest CT has a good performance for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients at a cancer center. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 Cases cache = ./cache/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333096-kroyaq5v author = Cao, Lan title = Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 423 sentences = 35 flesch = 58 summary = title: Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients If a double-track sign was observed when scanning the esophagus' long axis with ultrasound, then it is considered that a nasogastric tube has entered the esophagus. The gastric residual volume should be monitored in severe COVID-19 patients with high aspiration risk every 4h, but drawing the gastric residue with a syringe presents the risk of splashing of gastric contents. For example, if a patient has dyspnea and decreased blood oxygen saturation, the nurse can quickly judge the cause of it through lung ultrasound. When oliguria appears in severe COVID-19 patients, bladder ultrasound can be used effectively measure bladder volume. In summary, through visual qualitative and quantitative assessments (Table 1) , critical ultrasound supports a goal-oriented care strategy that can be useful in the care for severe COVID-19 patients. Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decision making in critically ill patients cache = ./cache/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332995-n0zusu52 author = Gao, Jinrui title = Predictive criteria of severe cases in COVID‐19 patients of early stage: A retrospective observational study date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2011 sentences = 113 flesch = 48 summary = RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the higher level of hypersensitivity C‐reactive protein (OR = 4.77, 95% CI:1.92‐11.87, P = .001), elevated alanine aminotransferase (OR = 6.87, 95%CI:1.56‐30.21, P = .011), and chronic comorbidities (OR = 11.48, 95% CI:4.44‐29.66, P < .001) are the determining risk factors for the progression into severe pneumonia in COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSION: Early COVID‐19 patients with chronic comorbidities, elevated hs‐CRP or elevated ALT are significantly more likely to develop severe pneumonia as the disease progresses. Through univariate logistic regression models, we found that advanced age (≥65 years old), chronic comorbidities, lymphocytopenia, elevated hs-CRP, increased D-dimer, and elevated levels of ALT were the key risk factors for the progression of COVID-19 patients into their severe stage (Table 3) . Early COVID-19 patients with chronic comorbidities, elevated hs-CRP or increased ALT are significantly more likely to develop severe pneumonia as disease progresses. cache = ./cache/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333121-kt6t41ff author = Kwenandar, Felix title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1923 sentences = 123 flesch = 39 summary = At the end of 2019, a viral pneumonia disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), emerged in Wuhan, China. Although this infective disease is mostly characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, increasing numbers of evidence had shown considerable amounts of patients with cardiovascular involvements and these were associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Cardiovascular manifestation in COVID-19 patients include myocardial injury (MI), arrhythmias, cardiac arrests, heart failure and coagulation abnormality, ranging from 7.2% up to 33%. [2] With the increasing number of confirmed cases and the accumulating clinical data, in addition to the common clinical presentation of respiratory failure caused by COVID-19, the cardiovascular manifestations induced by this viral infection has generated considerable concern. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 is not fully understood, a previous report showed that in 35% of the patients infected, the SARS-CoV genome was positively detected in the heart. cache = ./cache/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332979-eln7n6zb author = Ciminelli, G. title = How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5190 sentences = 298 flesch = 57 summary = 6 This paper analyzes how much system congestion may have contributed to the high mortality rates observed during Lombardy's first Covid-19 outbreak, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to emergency care. We proxy for system congestion using data on calls to the emergency line and find that the additional effects of Covid-19 on mortality in municipalities that are farther away from the ICU is stronger in days and areas characterized by an abnormal volume of calls to the emergency line, pointing to system congestion as a plausible explanation. We analyzed how emergency care congestion may have contributed to the high mortality rates observed in Lombardy during its first Covid-19 outbreak, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to critical care. cache = ./cache/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333164-1iiwhmkm author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 536 sentences = 38 flesch = 54 summary = title: Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) . Similarly, the figures in our article has much more detailed information on the interaction of renin angiotensin system blockers (RASB), ACE-2 and coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensivecohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers cache = ./cache/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333131-affb4yln author = Jacob, Joseph title = Using imaging to combat a pandemic: rationale for developing the UK National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1666 sentences = 92 flesch = 44 summary = The National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID) is a repository of chest X-Ray, CT and MRI images and clinical data from COVID-19 patients across the UK, to support research and development of AI technology that may proffer insights into the disease. NCCID has put in place mechanisms to collate all chest imaging and prespecified clinical data from every UK hospital where patients undergo a RT-PCR test for COVID-19. The NCCID data and image transfer solutions are robust and secure, including those having been adapted from techniques tried and tested on numerous research studies involving large-scale medical image collection (9) . NCCID will collect chest radiographs in all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients in hospitals throughout the UK. 2) Computed tomography chest imaging: NCCID will collect all chest CT imaging in RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients. 3) For all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients NCCID will acquire all chest imaging performed in the previous 3 years. cache = ./cache/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333042-icgsbelo author = Fisher, Kiva A. title = Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults ≥18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities — United States, July 2020 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3405 sentences = 186 flesch = 49 summary = Restricting the analysis to participants without known close contact with a person with confirmed COVID-19, case-patients were more likely to report dining at a restaurant (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9-4.3) or going to a bar/coffee shop (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.1) than were control-participants. For each reported activity, participants were asked to quantify degree of adherence to recommendations such as wearing a face mask of any kind or social distancing among other persons at that location, with response options ranging from "none" to "almost all." Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed to compare case-patients with control-participants, assessing differences in demographic characteristics, community exposures, and close contact. In addition to dining at a restaurant, case-patients were more likely to report going to a bar/coffee shop, but only when the analysis was restricted to participants without close contact with persons with known COVID-19 before illness onset. cache = ./cache/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332944-yqhuh3gc author = Wu, Jianhua title = Patient response, treatments and mortality for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3617 sentences = 155 flesch = 45 summary = Over the three time periods, the median length of hospital stay changed from 3 to 2 to 3 days, and crude all-cause mortality at 30 days decreased from 10.2% pre lockdown to 7.7% in the decline phase and increased to 8.3% in the recovery phase (Supplement table 1, Figure 4) . The onset of social containmenta state of lockdownto reduce the spread of COVID19 infection has been associated with almost 50% decline in hospitalisations with AMI and a significantly higher early mortality for NSTEMI until the nadir of admissions, despite high levels of in-hospital care. What is more, the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled a natural experiment of the NHS AMI services in England indicating that for NSTEMI the duration of time to receive an invasive coronary strategy may be dramatically reduced when the ratio of staff and facilities to patients is increased. cache = ./cache/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332967-fo12lbvs author = Taher, Ali T. title = Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1368 sentences = 85 flesch = 47 summary = general population, patients with hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia are expected to be more severely affected by COVID-19 due to their preexisting chronic morbidities. Patients had a history of respiratory complications, such as acute chest syndrome (ACS), asthma, or pulmonary embolism, which may be potential risk factors for progressive COVID-19 pulmonary disease in patients with SCD. 2, 6 In areas where severe blood shortages are expected due to the pandemic, a low dose of hydroxyurea is recommended in all pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia, who receive regular blood transfusion therapy for primary or secondary stroke prevention. 7 Noteworthy, a treatment with one single dose of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) was successfully used to treat an adult SCD patient with pneumonia; it was related to COVID-19 infection associated with ACS. COVID-19 infection in patients with sickle cell disease cache = ./cache/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333175-klnxnxwm author = Hussein, Mohammad H. title = Asthma in COVID-19 patients: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2654 sentences = 158 flesch = 50 summary = Currently, the CDC reports that asthma is present in about 17% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, making it the fourth most prevalent comorbidity behind hypertension, obesity, and diabetes [4] . Obese and diabetic patients have been categorized as high-risk, but there is still limited data regarding the impact of bronchial asthma on COVID-19 outcomes [5] . Univariate analysis of COVID-19 outcomes revealed that asthma was significantly associated with higher rate of endotracheal intubation (40.3% vs 27.8%, p = 0.036), mechanical ventilation (both invasive and non-invasive) (70.7% vs 52.2%, p = 0.039), and longer hospital length of stay (15.14 ± 12.48 days vs 11.51 ± 10.58 days, p = 0.015). Asthma was not associated with a higher rate of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (22.2% vs 14.9%, p = 0.12), acute respiratory distress syndrome (37.5% vs 30.9%, p = 0.27), or death (9.7% vs 13.5%, p = 0.45) among COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333200-yka7wfbi author = Dhampalwar, Swapnil title = Treatment armamentarium of COVID-19: Evolving strategies & evidence so far date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1253 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = Keeping up with this current pace of information, we review the clinical studies of different therapeutic options available to treat SARS-CoV-2. (20) Since, these studies with CQ & HCQ have different therapeutic regimens, heterogenous study population, unequal arms to compare, ill-defined outcomes, and non-reproducible results; further randomized trials are needed before recommending the routine use of HCQ in mild COVID-19. Since Favipiravir and Lopinavir-ritonavir did not provide significant benefits in viral clearance or clinical improvement in severe disease, further randomized trials are necessary before recommending these drugs in clinical practice. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial No Evidence of Rapid Antiviral Clearance or Clinical Benefit with the Combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333225-654rd38j author = Chan, Khee-Siang title = Collateral Benefits on Other Respiratory Infections during Fighting COVID-19 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1532 sentences = 103 flesch = 46 summary = Method: We collected week-case data of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and death toll from pneumonia among 25 calendar weeks of the influenza season for four years (2016-2020), which were reported to Taiwan CDC. Result: A downturn trend of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and the death toll from pneumonia per week in 2019/2020 season and significant trend difference in comparison to previous seasons were noted, especially after initiation of several disease prevention measures to fight potential COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. Conclusions: Fighting COVID-19 achieved collateral benefits on significant reductions of severe influenza burden, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease activity, and the death toll from pneumonia reported to CDC in Taiwan. In January 2020, the Taiwan government assembled a taskforce to contain the outbreak We proposed that collateral benefits on changing influenza activity and other respiratory infection activity (invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease) and outcome (death toll from pneumonia) would have happened in Taiwan. cache = ./cache/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333234-yvixy77x author = Triposkiadis, Filippos title = Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3226 sentences = 153 flesch = 46 summary = While the potential for benefit with the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and the risks from stopping them is more evident, potential harm by RAΑSi may also be caused by the increase in the activity of the ACE2 receptor, the inefficient counter regulatory axis in the lungs in which the proinflammatory prolyloligopeptidase (POP) is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of deleterious angiotensin (ANG) II to protective ANG [1–7] and the proinflammatory properties of ACE2(+) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. In a recent statement of the European Medicinal Agencies (EMA), it is emphasized (10 June 2020 EMA/284513/2020): "Recent observational studies of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs, also called sartans) have not shown an effect of these medicines on the risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (the virus causing COVID-19) and do not indicate a negative impact on the outcome for patients with COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333350-e6zak5ad author = Albahli, Saleh title = Efficient GAN-based Chest Radiographs (CXR) augmentation to diagnose coronavirus disease pneumonia date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3710 sentences = 232 flesch = 58 summary = Method: There are many potentially impactful applications of Deep Learning to fighting the Covid-19 from Chest X-Ray/CT Images, however, most are still in their early stages due to lack of data sharing as it continues to inhibit overall progress in a variety of medical research problems. Results: A Deep Neural Network model provides a significant contribution in terms of detecting COVID-19 and provides effective analysis of chest related diseases with respect to age and gender. The Covid-19 and other respiratory diseases have seen a great progress due to image processing tools and researchers are using computer techniques and deep learning algorithms in order to achieve these breakthroughs [2] [3] [4] . Although the images of remaining classes are not enough for proper training, however the author has resolved the problem by exploiting synthetic dataset generated by state-of-the-art GAN model, the details can be seen in Section 3. cache = ./cache/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333296-mvbwrb6o author = Nandi, Santosh title = Redesigning Supply Chains using Blockchain-Enabled Circular Economy and COVID-19 Experiences date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11146 sentences = 600 flesch = 38 summary = Using a blockchain technology (BCT)-enabled circular economy (CE) platform for shared leasing, firms could redistribute their new and excess inventory supplies regionally and normalize panic purchases at local grocery stores. We use the perspectives of circularity economy-based resource management and blockchain technology as an approach for identification and finding future opportunities for improvement of sustainability and supply chains (Zhu et al., 2019; Narayan and Tidstrom, 2020) . We believe this tool, along with other technological and social innovations, can further transition CE to its potential by enhancing supply chain digitization and agility; especially from a sustainability perspective (Saberi et al., 2019) ; it can also support the joint global-local glocalization situation . In the second column of each table, we offer information on how a blockchain technology-enabled circular economy approach can be used to support the supply chain LAD efforts learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333326-n9ifhw5s author = Wardell, Hanna title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2919 sentences = 173 flesch = 44 summary = Most severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in pediatric patients are mild or asymptomatic. We report a case series of 4 full-term neonates hospitalized with fever and found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection with a spectrum of illness severities. Herein we present a case series of 4 full-term neonates who were hospitalized with fever and found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Due to the concern for end-organ involvement with possibly evolving acute myocardial injury as well as a supplemental oxygen requirement, the patient was initiated on therapy with remdesivir on inpatient day 4 via an expanded-access program from the manufacturer after approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and local institutional review board, with informed consent. In this report, we present 4 febrile neonates hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection with favorable outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress cache = ./cache/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author = Robson, B. title = COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21671 sentences = 953 flesch = 50 summary = The Wuhan and related isolates revealed a coronavirus that resides in the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus [2] , and although genetically distinct from its predecessor SARS-CoV it appeared to have similar external binding proteins, meaning here the spike glycoprotein discussed extensively in the present paper. In brief summary, the justifications for the ensemble pharmacophore in the coronavirus case, i.e. the contributions to "fuzziness", include parsimony, that proteins and parts of proteins sometimes have more than one function [12] encouraged by limited numbers of accessible sites (due to e.g. glycosylation) and exemplified by parallel alternative mechanisms of cell entry, multiple methods of drug action, escape from scientific defense measures by virus mutation, polymorphism of human proteins involved, different expression levels of human proteins involved, and the potential problem of the "specter of vaccine development" (concerns about missing the appropriate region of the virus that allows common cold viruses to escape the appropriate immune response). cache = ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333232-jtck578z author = Graboyes, Evan title = COVID‐19 pandemic and health care disparities in head and neck cancer: Scanning the horizon date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2625 sentences = 136 flesch = 41 summary = Potential drivers of disparate HNC survival resulting from the pandemic include (a) differential access to telemedicine, timely diagnosis, and treatment; (b) implicit bias in initiatives to triage, prioritize, and schedule HNC‐directed therapy; and (c) the marked changes in employment, health insurance, and dependent care. We present four strategies to mitigate these disparities: (a) collect detailed data on access to care by race/ethnicity, income, education, and community; (b) raise awareness of HNC disparities; (c) engage stakeholders in developing culturally appropriate solutions; and (d) ensure that surgical prioritization protocols minimize risk of racial/ethnic bias. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, best practices in health care delivery for head and neck cancer (HNC) have been upended amid urgent efforts to protect patients, providers, and communities while stewarding scarce resources. 29 Third, the marked changes in employment status, health insurance coverage, and dependent care responsibilities may further aggravate racial/ethnic disparities in access to care and treatment for patients with HNC, particularly because workers of color are more likely to have lost employment during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333327-r7yqk8tm author = Stephens, Elizabeth H. title = Courage, Fortitude, and Effective Leadership of Surgical Teams During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3057 sentences = 155 flesch = 51 summary = 1, 2 In this commentary, we discuss the factors that test our emotional resilience during this time and how we, as leaders of our surgical teams, can foster fortitude in ourselves and those around us, to ultimately provide the best care possible for our patients. As surgeons who are most comfortable being in control, our personal and professional lives can feel out of control when uncertainty is present-uncertainty regarding the timeline of reactivation, duration and safety of delay for patients, the constantly changing screening protocols, what protective equipment is most appropriate and what is available, the timing and magnitude of resurgence(s), and the future health of ourselves, our team members, and our families. One recent study based on the COVID experience in China identified that the most impactful factors associated with stress among health care workers were personal safety, concern for their families, and patient mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333183-xyuj1j57 author = Lee, Lennard Y W title = COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4494 sentences = 219 flesch = 44 summary = After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1·18 [0·81–1·72]; p=0·380). We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. Evidence before this study We searched PubMed for all studies related to the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of COVID-19, on patients with cancer, using the search terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "cancer", "treatment", "chemotherapy", "immunotherapy", "radiotherapy", "targeted therapy", "outcomes," "death", "mortality", and "risk". Therefore, we did a multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities and found that deaths in patients with COVID-19 who have cancer who had received recent chemotherapy were still no more likely than in those who had not (table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333144-gyuh2fvl author = Siddiqui, Arif Jamal title = Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7806 sentences = 436 flesch = 50 summary = Therefore, this review focuses on the current use of various drugs as single agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, umifenovir, teicoplanin, nitazoxanide, doxycycline, and dexamethasone) or in combinations with immunomodulators additionally. While some drugs have shown therapeutic effect against COVID-19 infection such as hydroxychloroquine (Al-Kofahi et al., 2020; Choudhary & Sharma 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Sinha & Balayla 2020) , azithromycin, (Andreani et al., 2020a; Choudhary & Sharma 2020) ivermectin (Caly et al., 2020; Chaccour et al., 2020; Choudhary & Sharma 2020) and some other antivirals (Asai et al., 2020; Boopathi et al., 2020; Lian et al., 2020) . Consequently, this review will provide an insight and comprehensive view on different therapeutic approaches including combining of different known anti-parasitic drugs, as well as proposing novel suggestions of chemoprophylaxis drug therapy, which can be used in the current treatment and vaccine development strategies against COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333162-gwmvsoru author = Malki, Zohair title = Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 942 sentences = 63 flesch = 54 summary = title: Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches In this work, various regressor machine learning models are proposed to extract the relationship between different factors and the spreading rate of COVID-19. The machine learning algorithms employed in this work estimate the impact of weather variables such as temperature and humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 by extracting the relationship between the number of confirmed cases and the weather variables on certain regions. Thus, from this result, we can conclude that temperature and humidity are important features for predicting COVID-19 mortality rate. For Italy, regions 33 with a temperature higher than 15 degrees Celsius and 34 75% humidity have less spread of COVID-19 cases. Temperature and latitude 554 analysis to predict potential spread and seasonality for COVID-555 19 Temperature, population and longitu-571 dinal analysis to predict potential spread for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333368-kjrk8nn9 author = Huizinga, Gabrielle P title = The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5490 sentences = 347 flesch = 47 summary = While obesity and diabetes may complicate the delivery of supportive care in critical illness regardless of the underlying disease, lessons learned from the interaction of obesity with other systemic inflammatory syndromes suggest that obesity modifies biologic factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 syndrome. In seasonal and pandemic influenza, however, obese individuals may be more susceptible to severe viral respiratory disease even if they mount a serologic response to vaccination 25 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 11 Along with possible impairments in pathogen clearance, obese hosts are more likely to experience the breakdown of respiratory epithelium during a pulmonary infection, which leads to increased fluid in the airway space. cache = ./cache/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author = Zhang, Xiao-rui title = The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5854 sentences = 334 flesch = 40 summary = title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333451-p2plpeew author = Raab, Anja M. title = Significant demands on healthcare resources during the COVID crisis date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 954 sentences = 64 flesch = 50 summary = Who takes care of all these "Post-COVID-19" patients after they have struggled in ICUs, been intubated for a long time and sedated against the disease and have luckily survived after weeks of mechanical ventilation? Therapists providing respiratory care to patients need to use appropriate personal protective equipment including N95/P2 masks, fluid resistant long-sleeved gowns, googles/ face shields and gloves as [4] . When our first COVID-19-patient was asked at the end of the clinical visit, what he wishes most, he simply answered with the help of a speaking valve, connected to the ventilator "To eat a Cordon bleu!" For those not familiar with this term, it is veal folded and filled with famous Swiss cheese -a lot of proteins to support the respiratory muscles. We hope that this letter has increased readers awareness of the respiratory therapy with COVID-19 to feel supported during these challenging times. cache = ./cache/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333338-6mxeq8dg author = Cheshmehzangi, Ali title = COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use? date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5771 sentences = 274 flesch = 49 summary = By exploring this overarching aim, the main objectives of this perspective paper are (1) to evaluate the main impacts on the primary household energy use, (2) to suggest what could become a longer-term energy implication for the households, and (3) to address what needs to be studied at a larger scale in the future research. The methodology package is designed based on a pilot study, evaluating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household energy use and consumption. Second, the results of 'cooking' and 'household entertainment activities' are summarized together to indicate the changes between different phases and the correlation between these two daily needs that require energy use for preparation and operations. It mainly investigates the changes that could suggest major impacts on the household energy use because of the COVID-19, and some that could potentially last longer than these few months of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333462-h6czvcyq author = nan title = COVID-19 olfactory screening test using trained dogs date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 724 sentences = 40 flesch = 55 summary = The idea of using dog olfactory tests to detect patients suffering from COVID-19 has been considered by multidisciplinary teams (veterinarians, physicians, biologists, dog handlers) to meet the worldwide demand for a rapid, simple, non-invasive, sensitive and specific screening test that can reduce the workload of medical biology laboratories. First results obtained by a German and a French team, using new medical biology olfactory tests, show that trained DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.018. The French study of the National Veterinary School of Alfort (projet NOSAÏS), using axillary sweat considered as non-contaminating, obtained similar results with 8 dogs and 368 tests: 4 dogs were 100% effective, the other 4 were 83%, 84%, 90% and 94% effective [4] . Given the promising results of these various olfactory tests obtained with dogs trained in respect of animal welfare, the National Academy of Medicine and the Veterinary Academy of France recommend: cache = ./cache/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333460-4ui8i9u5 author = Li, Qing title = The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 199 flesch = 55 summary = title: The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China Similar to SARS and MERS, front-line healthcare workers (HCW) may be in direct contact with and have to care for patients and suspected cases of COVID-19; they are therefore at a particularly high risk of infection. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological status of HCW in Guangdong Province, China, and to identify coping strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19. However, surprisingly, the mean scores of the SAS (42.9) and SDS (47.8) of HCW indicated that they were in the normal range for both anxiety and depression, which seemed to differ from the results of previous studies on SARS and MERS (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) . cache = ./cache/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333470-0a0i6vjn author = Lombe, Dorothy C title = Zambia’s National Cancer Centre response to the COVID-19 pandemic—an opportunity for improved care date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3347 sentences = 171 flesch = 47 summary = This article reports the response of a comprehensive cancer centre in a lower-middle income country to prevent COVID-19 transmission and how the implementation of pragmatic strategies have served as a springboard to improve cancer services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems around the globe, prompting several large healthcare organisations and societies to issue guidelines to help prioritise the various aspects of cancer care to mitigate its negative effects [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Due to the above circumstances and concerns, the cancer centre leadership decided to establish a local response taskforce that could formulate, implement, enforce and communicate national measures to maintain the safety of patients and hospital staff. This COVID-19 crisis is being seen as an opportunity to develop a robust referral system so that cancer patients do not have to wait for treatment in Lusaka or travel to and fro across the country but instead arrive for scheduled visits. cache = ./cache/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333417-edc509xr author = Bontempi, Elza title = Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1612 sentences = 92 flesch = 42 summary = title: Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research In particular, due to several episodes of air pollution observed in the past in China (Wang 30 et al., 2012) and in Northern Italy, especially in the Po valley (Perrino C et al., 2014) , a 31 correlation between airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration and the reported 32 infection cases was proposed by a position paper (Position paper). Based on this work, 33 several newspapers and some research articles (Frontera et al., 2020) , (Sterpetti, 2020) 34 were published reporting the possibility that airborne PM acts as a carrier in COVID-19 35 diffusion (pollution-to human transmission). First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to 220 air particulate matter (PM): the case of Lombardy (Italy) Environmental Research (2020) 221 186, 109639 cache = ./cache/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333475-pe7q9ira author = Vargas-Vargas, Manuel title = Ferritin levels and COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 694 sentences = 45 flesch = 52 summary = Many individuals with diabetes exhibit elevated serum ferritin levels [3] [4] [5] , and it is known that they face a higher probability to experience serious complications from COVID-19 6 . On this basis, we briefly review evidence supporting the hypothesis that ferritin levels might be a crucial factor influencing the severity of COVID-19. In agreement with this, another study revealed that in patients who died by COVID-19, ferritin levels were high upon hospital admission and throughout the hospital stay. Therefore, it was concluded that serum ferritin levels were closely related to the severity of COVID-19 11 . Finally, laboratory findings in patients with severe COVID-19 showed data consistent with cytokine storm involving elevated inflammatory markers, including ferritin, which has been associated with critical and life-threatening illness 12 . Influence of ferritin levels and inflammatory markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients cache = ./cache/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333487-zem2d4y6 author = Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark title = The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4658 sentences = 216 flesch = 47 summary = Methods In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusions This study provides a firsthand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil, altering their habits, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing their risk of poor outcomes if infected by SARS-CoV-2. This also harmed adjustments to continue the proper follow-up and management of other diseases, including both communicable and NCDs. For these reasons, the present study aims to investigate challenges encountered by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333483-nr0akd7k author = Aziz, R. title = Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1114 sentences = 82 flesch = 57 summary = title: Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamic technique routinely used in intensive care to answer targeted questions and aid in practical procedures. In this article we explore the use of LUS specifically in critically ill patients with COVID -19, outlining both essential aspects for new practitioners of LUS and points of high diagnostic yield. There is currently no validated systematic approach for performing LUS in patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis, although the Intensive Care Society has made some recommendations. We believe the following key points determine the highest yield approach to LUS in patients with COVID-19: This 'telemedicine' approach is used extensively in providing ultrasound training to front-line providers throughout the world and could also be used for patients with COVID-19. Figure 1A is from a patient with known COVID-19 pulmonary disease. Practical approach to lung ultrasound cache = ./cache/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333520-v2sb90rc author = Gardin, Chiara title = Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10154 sentences = 466 flesch = 36 summary = Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored for the management of a number of diseases that currently have limited or no therapeutic options, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic properties. Next, we describe some of the most significant clinical evidence of the successful use of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of lung and heart injuries, which might strengthen our hypothesis in terms of their utility for also treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have comparable and even greater effects than cells themselves in improving inflammation and injury in a variety of pre-clinical lung disease models, including ALI/ARDS (Table 1) . From the studies discussed above, it emerged that the rationale for using MSC-derived exosomes, MVs, or EVs in ALI/ARDS is based on several processes, many of which are shared with those identified in the parent MSCs. These include immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties on host tissue, reduction of the permeability of alveolar epithelium and endothelium, improvement of alveolar fluid clearance, enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis, and tissue repair through direct mitochondrial transfer with host cells (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333528-9mczqtje author = Mattogno, P. P. title = Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1076 sentences = 65 flesch = 47 summary = title: Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center Considering the virus' homing and that a significant number of skull base pathologies require a transnasal endoscopic approach, safety for both patients and medical providers is obviously considered of paramount importance. Patients negative to the first rapid test and to the swab test are admitted to the COVID-free Neurosurgical Unit, so they can be operated on the following day. In detail, for patients COVID+ needing a transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery, we recommend the following items. Nasal endoscopic assessment is performed 2 weeks after surgery, using all the precautions recommended for COVID+ patients. During the last month, we operated on 12 patients affected by skull base tumors using endoscopic endonasal approach. Recommendations on COVID -19 pandemic-Italian Skull base Society Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333582-l2coget2 author = Giacomelli, A. title = 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3043 sentences = 219 flesch = 62 summary = Methods: This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). The data extracted from the patients' clinical charts on a daily basis and stored in an ad hoc database included age and gender; the reported date of symptom onset; body weight and height, the presence of obesity defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 points [10] , and history of smoking; comorbidity burden defined assessed by age unadjusted Charlson comorbidity index [11] and concomitant treatments for chronic medical conditions; symptoms; vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse oximetry), laboratory values (white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts; hemoglobin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, prothrombin, D-dimer, and creatinine levels; and arterial oxygen partial pressure); radiography findings upon admission. cache = ./cache/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333411-hqtb4a2c author = Tan, Tina Q title = Location Matters: Geographic Disparities and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1769 sentences = 110 flesch = 53 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has revealed major disparities in the access to testing and messaging about the pandemic based on the geographic location of individuals, particularly in communities of color, rural areas, and areas of low income. The COVID-19 pandemic initially impacted the most densely populated areas in the United States particularly large urban areas in which health systems endured waves of cases that overwhelmed resources including hospital beds, personal protective equipment, intensive care capacity, ventilators, and personnel. The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated longstanding racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare access and outcomes in the United States particularly in regard to geographic locations in rural and remote areas and low income settings. As rural and urban geographic areas remain interconnected, health policymakers and government authorities need to develop emergency and preparedness plans that address the limited access to COVID-19 testing, effective means of communication, provider shortage, and lack of healthcare facilities and intensive care units in rural areas. cache = ./cache/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333640-oh9ucair author = Gambaro, Giovanni title = Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2797 sentences = 148 flesch = 65 summary = In such a context, a few days can make a big difference, as our colleague in Paris reports: our hospital was up against COVID-19 at the beginning of March. As one colleague wrote: unfortunately, my hospital and nephrology clinic were not prepared to deal with the COVID epidemic, especially considering the WHO guidelines issued as early as February 2020. Very soon patient's triage started, the "red zone" was equipped with PPE's, and presently doctors and nurses, recruited for work in the COVID centre get special training. Emanuela Cataldo a young nephrologist working in a COVID Unit in Bari, talks about loneliness in a surreal scenario: this pandemic took two fundamental things away from me: freedom and close contact with people. There is no better definition of fear, than in these words from Emanuela: working with COVID patients makes you feel their desperate condition. cache = ./cache/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333627-tcgamaev author = Kam, Ariana title = PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2107 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = title: PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Perceived Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Impact of Events Scale-Revised scores of patients at a fertility clinic in Manhattan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We excluded one question from the standard 22-item IES-R questionnaire: ''During the past seven days with respect to (insert event) have you felt yourself acting or feeling like you were back at that time?'' All patients who did not respond to the Perceived Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and/or IES-R questionnaires were excluded from the respective analyses. RESULTS: According to the results of the Perceived Stress Scale, 66.9% of patients at the Manhattan-based fertility clinic self-reported experiencing moderate stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333663-0yzrcfe5 author = Hart, Joanna L. title = Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1597 sentences = 107 flesch = 44 summary = However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining public safety necessitates restricting the physical presence of families for hospitalized patients. We provide a toolbox of strategies for supporting family-centered inpatient care during physical distancing responsive to the current clinical climate. Strategies for delivering family-centered care typically include open family presence at the bedside; 3 regular, structured communication with family members; and multidisciplinary support. 3 Physical, or social, distancing is the principal mitigation strategy used to reduce transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic, 4 with a profound impact on the delivery of family-centered inpatient care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, family presence must be supported in non-physical ways to achieve the goals of family-centered care. Family-centered care strategies in this context must acknowledge the changed ethical perspective and clinicians' limited time, attention, and effort to devote to learning and assimilation. Strategies to support family presence during physical distancing rely heavily on existing patient or family smartphones and computers, stable internet access, and technological literacy. cache = ./cache/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333670-qv1orlv5 author = Mutti, Luciano title = Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): What Are We Learning in a Country With High Mortality Rate? date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2500 sentences = 123 flesch = 40 summary = In Italy, the possibility of performing autopsies or post-mortem diagnostic studies on suspect, probable, or confirmed COVID-19 cases has been intensively debated (5, 6) ; however, postmortem pathological analysis of COVID-19 patients in China has shown findings consistent with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (7-9) (Figure 1 ). Consistently, recent results indicate that a systemic immune dysregulation that triggers auto-sustaining inflammatory lung damage, causing fatal respiratory-failure and consequent multiorgan-failure, is the main virus-related-death cause in patients who develop SARS-CoV-2 (10). Overall, understanding the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines certainly unravels a new battleground against the lethal clinical effect of CODIV-19 infection; this, along with the identification of a high-risk autoimmune profile, including the genotyping of Class I and II HLA, which have a key role in shaping the anti-viral immune response and Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subset response (Figure 1) , and immune-profiling, could also help to prevent these dangerous evolutions of the disease (29) . cache = ./cache/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333713-nz36i2oa author = Andonegui-Elguera, Sergio title = Molecular Alterations Prompted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Induction of Hyaluronan, Glycosaminoglycan and Mucopolysaccharide Metabolism date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1729 sentences = 88 flesch = 37 summary = Results Alterations in genes involved in hyaluronan, glycosaminoglycan and mucopolysaccharides metabolism were over-represented in bronchoalveolar cells infected by SARS-CoV-2, as well as potential lung infiltration with neutrophils, NK cells, T CD4+ cell and macrophages. Conclusions In summary our results revealed molecular pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to bronchoalveolar cells inducing the hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan metabolism that could shape partially the components of the ground-glass opacities observed in CT. Therefore, in the present work we carried out comprehensive and stringent transcriptomic metanalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected bronchoalveolar cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to unveil the molecular alterations caused by viral infection as well as deconvolution analysis to identify the immune cell profiles in COVID-19 patients. Using molecular deconvolution analysis, we identified the presence of neutrophils, NK cells, T CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating the lungs of COVID-19 patients, consistently our findings with the previously reported (14) . cache = ./cache/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333698-e73d9lbu author = Lechien, Jerome R. title = Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients with Dysphonia. date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1768 sentences = 130 flesch = 51 summary = INTRODUCTION: To explore the prevalence of dysphonia in European patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and the clinical features of dysphonic patients. METHODS: The clinical and epidemiological data of 702 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were collected from 19 European Hospitals. The prevalence of the following symptoms was higher in dysphonic patients compared with non-dysphonic patients: cough, chest pain, sticky sputum, arthralgia, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: Dysphonia may be encountered in a quarter of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and should be considered as a symptom list of the infection. 3, 4 However, recent European epidemiological studies suggested that European mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients could present a different clinical picture than Asian. Throughout a recent epidemiological study, 7 we observed the occurrence of dysphonia in some COVID-19 patients, with a minority reporting aphonia over the clinical course of the disease. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 1,420 European Patients with mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333745-nwnt2tde author = Wang, Yi title = Clinical characteristics and laboratory indicator analysis of 67 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Suzhou, China date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4399 sentences = 209 flesch = 51 summary = RESULTS: The study found that fibrinogen (FIB) was increased in 45 (65.2%) patients, and when FIB reached a critical value of 4.805 g/L, the sensitivity and specificity、DA, helping to distinguish general and severe cases, were 100 and 14%、92.9%, respectively, which were significantly better than those for lymphocyte count and myoglobin. In a comparison of patients in Group A with patients in Group B, the lymphocyte count absolute value (L), myoglobin (MB) and fibrinogen of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B, with statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) ( Table 4 ). Laboratory data showed that the WBC, N%, and CRP in Group B COVID-19 pneumonia patients were significantly higher than those of Group A patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). cache = ./cache/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333703-1ku3jc9s author = Kraus, Aurora title = A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8452 sentences = 605 flesch = 57 summary = Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was sufficient to elevate larval heart rate and treatment with captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reverted this effect. In mice and humans, ace2 expression is detected in 121 sustentacular cells, olfactory stem cells known as horizontal and globose basal cells in the 122 olfactory epithelium, and vascular cells (pericytes) in the olfactory bulb (Brann et al., 2020 The present study reports for the first time that zebrafish larvae exposed to SARS-CoV-2 appear 134 to mount innate immune responses that resemble cytokine responses of mild COVID-19 patients. There are copious amounts of immune cells in the teleost olfactory organ ( Intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD induces inflammatory responses and 318 widespread loss of olfactory receptor expression in adult zebrafish olfactory organ 319 320 cache = ./cache/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333800-qqe331ok author = Whyte, Martin B. title = Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2691 sentences = 176 flesch = 55 summary = OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of PE in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and the diagnostic yield of Computer Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) for PE. PATIENTS/METHODS: Retrospective review of single-centre data of all CTPA studies in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 identified from Electronic Patient Records (EPR). RESULTS: There were 1477 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 214 CTPA scans performed, of which n = 180 (84%) were requested outside of critical care. We therefore examined the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19, who underwent pulmonary imaging for possible thrombotic disease. Using the Electronic Patient Records (EPR; Allscripts Sunrise™, Chicago, Il), we collected data for vital signs (including the National Early Warning Score 2; NEWS2 [20] ), components of Wells score from the clinical notes (not the completed imaging request form), basic demographic data, laboratory values and imaging results (CTPA and venous ultrasonography, if performed). cache = ./cache/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333797-six8wzxz author = Heaney, Ashley I. title = Newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19 infection date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 71 flesch = 64 summary = J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 infections and diabetes have been linked since early reports identified patients with diabetes mellitus having worse clinical outcomes. 2 However, there has only been one case reported on COVID-19 infection precipitating a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II. Testing in the ED revealed hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria which confirmed the patient to be in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report a case of DKA precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. There has been one prior case report of DKA and new onset diabetes mellitus in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Patients with elevated blood sugar and no history of diabetes should be evaluated for the possibility of new onset diabetes mellitus and DKA, especially in the setting of concomitant COVID-19 infection. Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus cache = ./cache/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333792-h4f125hr author = Islamoglu, Yuce title = Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1644 sentences = 127 flesch = 61 summary = title: Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia AIMS: To evaluate nasal mucosal secretion objectively in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. Invasion of the olfactory bulb and central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to anosmia in COVID-19, which may cause olfactory dysfunction. European otolaryngologists observed severe olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions without rhinorrhea or nasal obstruction in COVID-19 patients but there is no objective evaluation [7] [8] [9] . Our aim is in our study to investigate the nasal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. COVID-19 patients who had a previous history of nasal surgery, smoking, and previous history of olfaction dysfunction were excluded from the study. This is the first study of the objective evaluation of the nasal mucosa secretions in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. According to our study, SARS-CoV-2 causes anosmia without affecting nasal mucosa secretions. cache = ./cache/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333793-4pvjc4un author = Dickens, Borame L title = Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and re-open travel date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 76 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: To estimate active case exportation risk from 153 countries with recorded COVID-19 cases and deaths, we created a simple data-driven framework to calculate the number of infectious and upcoming infectious individuals out of 100 000 000 potential travellers from each country, and assessed six importation risk reduction strategies; Strategy 1 (S1) has no screening on entry, S2 tests all travellers and isolates test positives where those who test negative at 7 days are permitted entry, S3 the equivalent but for a 14 day period, S4 quarantines all travellers for 7 days where all are subsequently permitted entry, S5 the equivalent for 14 days and S6 the testing of all travellers and prevention of entry for those who test positive. cache = ./cache/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333749-45v6b4tc author = Xie, Guogang title = The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4001 sentences = 238 flesch = 55 summary = We aimed to investigate the role of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) as a marker in the course of the virus infection to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and evaluation of COVID‐19 patients. In the process of diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients, we found that peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) significantly reduced among most patients regardless of the severity of the diseases at the early stage, which had not been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [5, 6] , or the other types of pneumonia. Our analysis of fever clinic patients with pneumonia found that EOS counts of peripheral blood in patients with COVID-19 were significantly reduced, which was further confirmed by the data in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Data analysis showed that decreased EOS counts were more common in COVID-19 patients than other types of pneumonia, and no significant difference was identified between severe and non-severe patients, which was also mentioned in patients from Wuhan [12, 13] or outside Wuhan [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333631-vk3h2qau author = Tsoungui Obama, H. C. J. title = Preventing COVID-19 spread in closed facilities by regular testing of employees - an efficient intervention in long-term care facilities and prisons date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4476 sentences = 295 flesch = 54 summary = Methods and findings: Here, the simulation model underlying the pandemic preparedness tool CovidSim 1.1 (http://covidsim.eu/) is extended to investigate the effect of regularly testing of employees in order to protect immobile resident risk groups in closed facilities. Regular screening of all employees by PCR tests provides a significant reduction of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in LTCFs. While the frequency of testing (testing rate) and the quality of tests have noticeable effects, the waiting time for obtaining test results (ranging from 12 up to 96 hours) hardly impacts the outcome. Here, a mathematical model, based on the freely available CovidSIM simulation tool, 59 is adapted to estimate the benefit and economic gain of routine screening for COVID-19 60 infections of employees in LTCFs and retention facilities by PCR tests. We study the impact of testing employees in LTCFs or incarceration facilities to protect 68 immobile risk groups from COVID-19 infections using an extended SEIR model, i.e., by 69 a deterministic compartmental model of ordinary differential equations. cache = ./cache/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333863-mtljy3s6 author = Hong, Nan title = Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients confirmed with COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4033 sentences = 232 flesch = 53 summary = Patients with COVID-19 may show prodromal symptom of conjunctivitis in cases where eye goggles were not worn while in close proximity with COVID-19 positive patients, leading to suggestions that ocular exposure might be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Lu et al. Previously hospitalized patients (admission date from 19 January to 29 February 2020) in the isolation ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, diagnosed as COVID-19 positive based on their clinical symptoms and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results of their sputum swab specimens, were the target subject population. After the onset of COVID-19, the mean scores of the SEEQ and OSDI questionnaires were significantly raised, suggesting a degraded ocular surface condition (Table 2) . In our study, fifteen subjects (27%) reported new onset ocular irritation symptoms or aggravated pre-existing ocular surface irritation symptoms after infection of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333805-xmqs2ax7 author = Romoli, Michele title = A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4025 sentences = 257 flesch = 44 summary = BACKGROUND: We systematically reviewed available evidence for reports of neurological signs and symptoms in Coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 patients to identify cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection or immune‐mediated reaction in the nervous system. This study therefore aimed to identify clinical cases of confirmed nervous system invasion or postinfectious neurological disease in the available COVID-19 literature on the basis of a systematic review. A systematic review was carried out to study all cases reporting nervous system involvement in patients with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. There were just 2 cases with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in CSF among 27 patients with potential neurologic symptoms and proven COVID-19. In this regard, we see a clear need for the use of precise case definitions and focused diagnostic work-up to distinguish nonspecific complications of severe disease and focused reporting of neurological involvement in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333696-3ci9re9a author = Alomari, Safwan O. title = COVID-19 and the Central Nervous System date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4407 sentences = 266 flesch = 46 summary = Li and colleagues (2020) have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 can enter the brain, and it might be the cause of the respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 [25] . Recently, Olds & Kabbani (2020) raised the question of nicotine associated neurological comorbidity in COVID19 patients depending on published evidence that the viral target receptor J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ACE2 is expressed in the brain and functionally interacts with nAChRs [29, 30] . This was the first reported case of MERS associated with coronavirus infection, which adds to the expanding list of differential diagnoses to be considered in a COVID-19 patient with neurological signs, most notably; cerebellar ataxia and disturbance in consciousness [49, 52, 53] . Laboratory work-up was negative for influenza, with the diagnosis of COVID-19 made by detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) PCR. cache = ./cache/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333960-pkpbts7s author = Genet, Bastien title = COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and use of renin-angiotensin system blockers in geriatrics patients. date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2661 sentences = 170 flesch = 58 summary = The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) use and in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, sex, ADL score, Charlson index, renal function, dyspnea, CRP and white blood cells count, use of ACEI/ARB was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.52 (0.27−0.99), p=0.048). Conclusion and Implications In very old subjects hospitalized in geriatric settings for COVID-19, mortality was significantly lower in subjects treated with ARB or ACEI prior to the onset of infection. In observational studies, subjects with cardiovascular diseases and hypertension are often 47 treated with ACEI or ARB, and have an increased risk of in-hospital mortality related to COVID-19. In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, sex, ADL, CCI, renal function, dyspnea, 154 CRP and WBC, use of ACEI or ARB was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 155 0.52 (0.27−0.99), p=0.048) (Figure 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333654-8rg99di5 author = Pillai, Presaad title = COVID-19 AND MAJOR ORGAN THROMBOEMBOLISM: MANIFESTATIONS IN NEUROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS. date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4128 sentences = 210 flesch = 39 summary = The disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has to date been responsible for more than 800,000 deaths globally, economic upheaval and significant lifestyle changes. 5, 6, 7 However, more recently immune mediated thrombosis has been a consistent finding in a significant number of patients with of Covid-19 and understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms and impact on morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 may open new avenues in disease prognostication and management. Thus, D-dimer level could potentially be an early and helpful marker to improve the management of COVID-19 and point clinicians to the possibility of silent thrombosis occurring in the pre-symptomatic stage which might dictate the natural history, progression and severity of the disease in a manner that has not been seen in previous coronavirus infections. Other significant risk factors, excluding raised D-dimer and CRP, that were associated with a high mortality rate for these patients with NVD, were comorbidities, age and increased severity of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333581-icp0xwhx author = Aziz, Muhammad title = Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4309 sentences = 295 flesch = 49 summary = Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333999-k92fmnq7 author = Yang, Chih-Jen title = Remdesivir Use in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Mini-Review date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2581 sentences = 158 flesch = 47 summary = In this mini-review, we summarize the current evidence on the efficacy and challenges of remdesivir for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Based on several clinical trials and reports on its compassionate use, remdesivir is considered by many to be the most promising drug for the treatment of COVID-19 [44] [45] [46] . First, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial was launched on February 5, 2020, in China 30, 60 . Clinically, common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) noted during the compassionate use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 reported by Grein et al. cache = ./cache/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333897-isodrtly author = Shenoy, Niraj title = Considerations for target oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients: are we under-shooting? date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2833 sentences = 150 flesch = 39 summary = Finally, it discusses potential implications of specific clinical observations and considerations in COVID-19 patients on target oxygen saturation, such as diffuse systemic endothelitis and microthrombi playing an important pathogenic role in the wide range of systemic manifestations, exacerbation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the setting of pulmonary vascular endothelitis/microthrombi, the phenomenon of "silent hypoxemia" with some patients presenting to the hospital with severe hypoxemia disproportional to symptoms, and overburdened health systems and public health resources in many parts of the world with adverse implications on outpatient monitoring and early institution of oxygen supplementation. -The LOCO-2 trial [2] where ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) patients were randomized to conservative (target partial pressure of arterial oxyHere, we examine the above two studies guiding current target oxygen saturation recommendations for COVID-19; discuss, with supporting transcriptomic analyses, the influence of hypoxia on ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, target receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry) expression; reflect on relevant clinical observations and considerations in COVID-19 patients; and propose a reevaluation of target oxygen saturation in these patients-both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. cache = ./cache/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334092-50r3h7jv author = Loungani, Rahul S. title = A care pathway for the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: Insights from an institutional response date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4005 sentences = 193 flesch = 33 summary = A framework for approaching these complications is presented.AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; ACLS, advanced cardiac life support; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; CICU, cardiac intensive care unit; CK, creatinine kinase; COVID-19, coronary virus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; CYP, cytochrome P450; ECG, electrocardiogram; ER, emergency room; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; HF, heart failure; HR, heart rate; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; IL-6, interleukin-6; IV, intravenous; JVD, jugular venous distension; K, potassium; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LE, lower extremity; LFT, liver function test; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; Mg, magnesium; MI, myocardial infarction; NT-pBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PPE, personal protective equipment; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound; QTc, corrected QT interval; RVR, rapid ventricular response; Rx, treatment; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram; URL, upper reference limit; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia. cache = ./cache/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333998-z2zahfv9 author = Taxbro, Knut title = Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2022 sentences = 125 flesch = 48 summary = Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later and were suspected after noticing discolouration of the urine and a marked increase in plasma myoglobin levels. In addition to the coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome, he was diagnosed with possible SARS-CoV-2-induced myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. 1 2 Little is known about rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of the COVID-19 infection in the intensive care setting. 5 Due to a scarcity of reports available on the subject, we decided to present the symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course and treatment of a patient in intensive care who developed severe rhabdomyolysis and AKI during the course of the COVID-19 infection. ► Acute renal failure appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care, and rhabdomyolysis could be a contributing factor to this. cache = ./cache/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333925-5qg4mufh author = Martino, M. title = Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychophysical stress in patients with adrenal insufficiency: the CORTI-COVID study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4585 sentences = 235 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: In this monocentric (Ancona University Hospital, Italy), cross-sectional study covering February-April 2020, 121 (40 primary, 81 secondary) AI patients (59 males, 55 ± 17 years) completed telematically three questionnaires: the purpose-built "CORTI-COVID", assessing medical history and concern for COVID-19-related global health, AI-specific personal health, occupational, economic, and social consequences; the AddiQoL-30; the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey. We, therefore, aimed to investigate in a cohort of AI patients, for the period February-April 2020: (a) the prevalence, clinical features, and outcome of COVID-19; (b) the prevalence of adrenal crises and their possible association with intercurrent infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or pandemic-related psychophysical stress; (c) the emotional impact of pandemic-induced lockdown and social distancing; (d) the self-reported QoL and health perception during the lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333827-zpdnzwle author = Zhao, Jinqiu title = Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2780 sentences = 171 flesch = 55 summary = title: Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data This study aims to perform the meta-analysis of risk factors for the case fatality rate (CFR) of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). After comparing the patients between fatal cases and non-fatal cases, several important factors are found to significantly increase the CFR in patients with COVID-19, and include the age ranging 60–70 (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.11; P < .00001) and especially≥70 (OR = 8.45; 95% CI = 7.47 to 9.55; P < .00001), sex of male (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.73; P = .0008), occupation of retirees (OR = 4.27; 95% CI = 2.50 to 7.28; P < .00001), and severe cases (OR = 691.76; 95% CI = 4.82 to 99,265.63; P = .01). cache = ./cache/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333932-aqcllik0 author = Diao, Bo title = Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3822 sentences = 179 flesch = 50 summary = Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls. Our results thus provide a preliminary demonstration of T cell exhaustion during COVID-19 infection and suggest that more urgent, early intervention may be required in patients with low T lymphocyte counts. The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the predicted receptor of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, is absent on T cells (11) , suggesting that the depressed T counts in COVID-19 patients mentioned above (Figure 1 ) were likely not caused by direct infection of T cells. We demonstrate here that COVID-19 patients have very high levels of serum IL-10 following SARS-CoV-2 infection, while also displaying high levels of the PD-1 and Tim-3 exhaustion markers on their T cells, suggesting that IL-10 might be mechanistically responsible. cache = ./cache/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334235-ymsiihwd author = Gray, Belinda title = Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1181 sentences = 75 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. However, we have identified areas of consensus among specialists from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Cardiovascular Genetics Diseases Council with regards to managing patients with genetic heart disease in this current COVID-19 pandemic. [4] ; key points as below: o QT interval monitoring for all patients commenced on hydroxychloroquine or when combining anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 o Avoid the use of more than one medication which prolongs the QT interval as far as is possible o If the corrected QT interval (QTc) is consistently >500ms, we recommend consultation with a cardiogenetics expert or an electrophysiologist for guidance on further management to minimise risk of Torsade de Pointes. cache = ./cache/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334179-cjgsr7xr author = Al Kasab, Sami title = International experience of mechanical thrombectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from STAR and ENRG date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3268 sentences = 163 flesch = 43 summary = 18 Collected data included baseline demographics, admission National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), whether or not patients received intravenous alteplase (tPA), time from last known normal (LKN) to hospital arrival, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) for patients with anterior circulation strokes, location of occlusion, door to groin puncture time, thrombectomy procedure duration, number of attempts, complication rate, and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Finally, to assess the relationship between intubation prior to MT and favorable discharge outcome (mRS 0-2), we estimated a generalized linear model with logit link to control for confounders including age, door to reperfusion time, tPA status, admission NIHSS, and location of LVO. On multivariate analysis, intubation status was associated with higher probability of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.871, 95% CI 1.066 to 3.284, P=0.029) and lower probability of functional 7 Ischemic stroke in the setting of COVID-19 might occur concurrently either from common stroke risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation, as a hypercoaguability-related complication due to COVID-19, a proinflammatory state, or due to decompensation in patients with underlying cerebrovascular disease such as extracranial or intra-cranial stenosis. cache = ./cache/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334188-bggt1i2e author = Solari, Domenico title = The nose lid for the endoscopic endonasal procedures during COVID-19 era: technical note date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2604 sentences = 122 flesch = 44 summary = We describe peculiar surgical technique modifications and the use of an endonasal face mask, i.e., the nose lid, to be applied to the patient during transnasal procedures for skull base pathologies as a further possible COVID-19 mitigation strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Transnasal surgery, transgressing respiratory mucosa, can definitely increase the risk of virus transmission: we find that adopting further precautions, above all limiting high-speed drill can help preventing or at least reducing aerosol/droplets. After usual nasal pyramid sterile draping, an endonasal surgery facial mask, namely a nose lid, is assembled: a sterile non-latex glove layer is used to cover nostril and fixed with adhesive protection film over the nasal bridge; initially, two and then three narrow slit cut are placed over the nares to let instruments enter the nostrils (Figs. cache = ./cache/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334217-ejgdzc70 author = Homolak, J. title = Preliminary analysis of COVID-19 academic information patterns: a call for open science in the times of closed borders date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4944 sentences = 214 flesch = 45 summary = Here we report our findings to draw the attention of the scientific community to these problems in order to stimulate collection, organization and analysis of data in a more transparent and efficient way which aims to accelerate the discovery of efficient solutions for the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account that in contrast to articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus, both BioRxiv and MedRxiv publish only original research articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the amount of scientific information related to COVID-19 available outside of classic databases is even more impressive. The importance of these repositories is reflected through the fact that as of April 11th the number of COVID-19-related papers on just these two serves (BioRxiv and MedRxiv) roughly equals the amount available in Scopus, and is just 2.4 times lower in comparison to biggest biomedical database PubMed. Following the trend of increased preprint publishing, several major publishing platforms kickstarted or revived their own projects, one example being Nature Publishing Group's Outbreak Science Rapid PREreview Platform ("Outbreak Science Rapid PREreview"). cache = ./cache/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334268-n2hon61o author = Ren, Yanfang title = Risk for dental healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 global pandemic: an evidence-based assessment date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6861 sentences = 300 flesch = 48 summary = Considering that the primary route of transmission for COVID-19 is from respiratory droplets, and potentially from spatters or aerosols generated during dental treatments, risks of COVID-19 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f transmission from asymptomatic patients to DHPs are dependent on several factors: effectiveness of PPE, specifically the N95 masks in preventing virus transmission, prevalence of asymptomatic cases in the local community, rate of transmission from asymptomatic patients to healthcare providers in close contact, probability for an infection acquired from an asymptomatic patient become symptomatic, and age-adjusted infection fatality rate of symptomatic COVID-19 patients. To understand the potential impact of COVID-19 on dental care and oral health and assess the risks to DHPs from the disease while providing essential services to the community, we periodically searched and reviewed published literature in PubMed and Google Scholar using various combinations of keywords, including SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, Dental, Dentist, Dentistry, Droplets, Aerosols, Healthcare Workers, Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Saliva, PPE, N95 Masks, Face Shields, and Infection Fatality Rate. cache = ./cache/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333872-shhugvx0 author = Kumar, Jitendra title = The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 575 sentences = 43 flesch = 67 summary = title: The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm Such asymptomatic infected HCWs can transmit infection unknowingly to the patients and other HCWs. At one of the London hospital, sample for RT-PCR testing for covid19 taken from asymptomatic and healthy HCWs at multiple point of time. In a total number of 1,479 health care worker's sample, 1.1% to 7.1% (at different point of time) were found positive for Covid19 [9] . COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report Death from Covid-19 of 23 Health Care Workers in China COVID-2019) Infection Among Health Care Workers and Implications for Prevention Measures in a Tertiary Hospital in Wuhan, China Healthcare workers & SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: A case-control investigation in the time of COVID-19 COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission cache = ./cache/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334124-w9jww3hk author = Murphy, David L title = Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4091 sentences = 213 flesch = 50 summary = We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. We evaluated all 9-1-1 EMS responses to patients with COVID-19 to (1) determine occupational exposure, related workforce quarantine and potential transmission, and (2) understand how programmatic changes influenced occupational exposure, workforce quarantine and PPE use amidst the COVID-19 outbreak in Seattle and King County. The study is a retrospective cohort investigation of EMS providers responding to 9-1-1 calls for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-positive patients in King County, Washington, USA between 14 February 2020 and 26 March 2020. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (figure 2, p<0.01). cache = ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334278-ajdjfzd2 author = Gilis, M. title = Caractéristiques de la COVID-19 chez les patients âgés de 75 ans et plus, hospitalisés date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2156 sentences = 222 flesch = 75 summary = Matériels et méthodes Il s'agit d'une étude prospective observationnelle descriptive monocentrique incluant tous les patients hospitalisés, initialement hors réanimation, avec une COVID-19 confirmée par RT-PCR et/ou par imagerie scanographique entre le 3 mars et le 24 avril 2020. Conclusion Sur la période de mars 2020 alors que l'épidémie de SARS-CoV-2 a touché la France de plein fouet, les virus respiratoires classiques ont rapidement disparu tandis que la COVID-19 touchait plus du tiers des personnes consultant pour un syndrome grippal dans un centre de dépistage hospitalier francilien. Matériels et méthodes Dans notre hôpital, les soignants symptomatiques étaient systématiquement testés par une RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 sur frottis rhinopharyngé. Les soignants COVID avaient été plus souvent en contact avec un cas confirmé d'infection à SARS-CoV-2 (75 % vs 63 %, p < 0,001) mais n'étaient pas plus souvent affectés dans les unités COVID (16 % vs 12 %, p = 0,17). cache = ./cache/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334298-b3uv6310 author = Fang, Xinyu title = Depressive symptoms in the front-line non-medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3693 sentences = 177 flesch = 47 summary = Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the targeted psychological intervention measures should be developed to improve the mental health of non-medical workers on the front-line of COVID-19 epidemic, especially the females and younger individuals. Only subjects who meet the following criteria and chose yes were taken to the questionnaire page: 1) age > 20 years, 2) no dyslexia, 3) As a front-line non-medical volunteer in Wuhan, 4) in good health of the physical condition as no heart, liver, kidney and other physical diseases, not take any medicine for nearly 1 month, 5) never been diagnosed with a mental disorder, 6) worked on the front-line of COVID-19 outbreak for more than 15 days, 7) Willing to participate in this survey. After stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted, variables including post-90s (β = 0.908, P = 0.016), the overall emotional reaction (β = 0.122, P = 0.005) and physical reaction (β = 0.124, P = 0.020) in SQR were significant independent responsible for the development of depression in front-line non-medical workers volunteered in Wuhan during COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334220-sqvfr31q author = Messina, Francesco title = Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4218 sentences = 237 flesch = 44 summary = The functional analysis for all proteins, linked to many aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, allows to identify the subcellular districts, where SARS-CoV-2 proteins seem to be distributed, while in each interactome built around one single viral protein, a different response was described, underlining as ORF8 and ORF3a modulated cardiovascular diseases and pro-inflammatory pathways, respectively. We identified possible host responses induced by specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2, underlining the important role of specific viral accessory proteins in pathogenic phenotypes of severe COVID-19 patients. In SFigure For KEGG database the gene enrichment analysis on interactomes of NS7b, ORF1a, ORF3a and ORF8 showed pathway clusters highly significant and consistent with possible pathogenic mechanisms, such as the activation of the complement and of the coagulative cascade, (29) and the TGF-β-dominated immune response (30) . We identified different host response induced by specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2, underlining the important role of ORF3a and ORF8 in phenotypes of severe COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333943-9d93na7s author = Jeong, Han Eol title = Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3387 sentences = 218 flesch = 47 summary = title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 and worsen associated outcomes by upregulating the enzyme that SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. [1, 2] Concerns exist that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 by upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressions, [3, 4] the enzyme which SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. This cohort study therefore aimed to examine the association between NSAIDs use, compared to non-use, and worsened clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t page | 5 COVID-19 using South Korea's nationwide healthcare database containing all COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study conducted using all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to assess the association between NSAID use and COVID-19 related outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334309-rddznfax author = Craver, Randall title = Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1672 sentences = 118 flesch = 46 summary = title: Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Myocardial damage, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy is often referred to in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . There is little information regarding cardiac complications in children [11] [12] [13] We present a previously healthy 17 year male old dying suddenly with an eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) in which a nasopharyngeal swab detected SARS-CoV-2 at autopsy (Figs. The question of whether this is a direct complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or if this is an idiopathic eosinophilic myocarditis in which the stress of the COVID-19 contributed to the cardiac decompensation cannot be answered definitively at this time. cache = ./cache/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333928-boq65pci author = Lee, Jia‐Jung title = Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1725 sentences = 121 flesch = 53 summary = Taiwan has 429 COVID-19 confirmed cases with clinical presentation including 298 (69.6%) cases of mild disease, 95 (22.2%) cases of pneumonia, 35 (8.2%) cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six deaths (1.4%). Accordingly, this interim summary is not a comprehensive review but aims to update present clinical information and infection control strategies currently focusing on COVID-19 control in dialysis facilities. In the first case series reported in the United States, in the presentation and outcome of 21 critically ill patients, the majority was linked to exposure at a skilled nursing facility. 10 One large, retrospective case series of 1591 COVID-19-positive cases who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy Region of Italy showed similar presentation and patient outcomes. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: An analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334021-ex4z2b75 author = Tupper, P. title = COVID-19's unfortunate events in schools: mitigating classroom clusters in the context of variable transmission date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7701 sentences = 388 flesch = 56 summary = Early evidence indicated that schools were low risk and children were unlikely to be very infectious, but it is becoming clear that children and youth can acquire and transmit COVID-19 in school settings and that transmission clusters and outbreaks can be large. Total cluster size is the number of students who are ultimately infected in class (or in both classes in the high school), including the index case. This pattern continues; with a highly infectious index case in a higher-risk room (fourth row): in the baseline protocol in which the main intervention is that symptomatic individuals do not attend, cluster sizes range from 0 to over 20 students in a single classroom (median=4, sympt. We illustrate this by showing results on cluster size for a high school with pre-COVID structure: four 1.25 hour classes every day with largely different students in each. cache = ./cache/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334122-3c1i25vc author = Fahad, Ahmed Muhi title = Spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication in COVID‐19 male patient: A case report date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1312 sentences = 95 flesch = 60 summary = Here, the patient presents with pneumothorax after 21 days of initial symptoms of COVID-19 infection and negative PCR. 1 The patient CT scan of the chest is characteristic for COVID-19 infection as it may show bilateral ground-glass appearance with peripheral distribution, and the other features may be present but they are uncommon like lung cavity, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and pneumothorax. The next day, the patient was sent for a new chest radiograph that shows fully expanded right lung with parenchymal shadows as seen in Figure 3 and basic blood investigations that were normal. In this case, spontaneous pneumothorax was developed after 21 days of initial COVID-19 symptoms and after the result of PCR was negative. 4 While in Burcin et al and Suphi et al case reports, both patients were present with spontaneous pneumothorax in addition to other features of COVID-19 infection initially. org/0000-0003-3748-681X Ahmed Salih Alshewered https://orcid. cache = ./cache/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334341-cpol6xfz author = Mattei, Tobias A. title = The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Care Providers and Patients date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1768 sentences = 72 flesch = 43 summary = Taking into account the relatively low percentage of infection in the total population, the direct impact of COVID-19 pandemic related to possible delays of surgical care in infected patients seems relatively small in the grand scheme. Such a deleterious impact can be traced to several factors such as the reallocation of hospital resources (such as nursing staff and ICU beds) to the care of patients with the coronavirus as well as cancellation of elective surgeries and office visits in order to reduce the chances of disease spread. Although, as spine surgeons, most of us will likely not be directly involved in the critical care of COVID-19 patients or in the development of new drugs and vaccines for it, in such exceptional times it is our responsibility and a great privilege to, through our best efforts, attempt to mitigate the consequences of this pandemic upon our patients. cache = ./cache/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334311-i88ccp9w author = Robb, Catherine E. title = Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6090 sentences = 273 flesch = 44 summary = We conducted separate multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between each of the following factors: sex (men, women), age (continuous, years), marital status (married/partnered, single/widowed/divorced), smoking (no, yes), alcohol consumption (continuous, units per week), sleep quality (not ever, < once per week, 1-2 times per week, ≥3-times per week), feelings of loneliness (never, rarely, sometimes, often), household composition (not living alone, living alone), level of remote friend/family contact via technology (daily, 2-6 times per week, ≤ once per week) and their association with risk of change in components of anxiety and depression since lockdown as separate outcomes (worsened, improved, no change). To our awareness, only one other study of a much smaller sample (n=236) reported on the associations of COVID-19-related social isolation on mental health among older people exclusively (44) , but the authors did not investigate the risk of age. cache = ./cache/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334184-2zjbwmqn author = Weinstein, B. title = A methodological blueprint to identify COVID-19 vulnerable locales by socioeconomic factors, developed using South Korean data date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3225 sentences = 205 flesch = 51 summary = High area morbidity, risky health behaviors, crowding, and population mobility elevated area risk for COVID-19, while improved social distancing, healthcare access, and education decreased it. We used an independent variable proxy for education, and by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) created six thematic composite indices: healthcare access, health behavior, crowding, area morbidity, education, difficulty to social distancing, and population mobility. 10.26.20218842 doi: medRxiv preprint In the entire study period model using GNBR, the COVID-19 risk increased risky health behavior, area morbidity, and difficulty to social distancing (Table 2) . In the early phase, lower healthcare access and education, and increased risky health behavior, area morbidity, difficulty to social distancing, and population mobility associated with higher COVID-19 risk. Relative risks associated with healthcare access, health behavior, and crowding indices were significant in the early phase where each index varied in spatial coverage ( Figure 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334416-4tslee57 author = Sen-Crowe, Brendon title = Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1039 sentences = 70 flesch = 58 summary = title: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives With the incidence of COVID-19 increasing, it may only be time before the healthcare system becomes overwhelmed and forces physicians to triage treatment among critically ill patients. Social distancing is the practice of increasing the space between people in order to decrease the chance of spreading illness. Nationwide measures taken to minimize contact with potentially infected individuals include cancelling travel from China and Europe [10] . Social distancing has the potential to slow the rate of infection and reduce the peak of incidence, and then fewer critically ill patients would need care on any one day. Delaying the peak incidence to the summer holds potential for healthcare facilities to dedicate more resources to those ill with COVID-19. Social distancing is a realistic solution that all individuals can take part in to reduce the risk of infection while increasing available resources to critically ill patients, during this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333986-xkx181ek author = Hall, Mary-Frances E. title = Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7074 sentences = 360 flesch = 40 summary = title: Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19. In contrast, many studies have shown that prolonged high-intensity aerobic exercise leads to increased death from a viral respiratory infection and over suppression of the immune response [51] [52] [53] . Two other studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of exercise in mice PD induction models collectively found in swimming [78] and endurance exercise [72] groups: (i) decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, (ii) significant reductions in α-Syn protein along with diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-β), and (iii) decreased activation of TLR2 and its subsequent downstream signaling cascades (MyD88, TRAF6, and TAK1) [72, 78] . cache = ./cache/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334313-v2syspu6 author = Long, S. Wesley title = Molecular Architecture of Early Dissemination and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Metropolitan Houston, Texas date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4525 sentences = 251 flesch = 48 summary = We sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains from COVID-19 patients in metropolitan Houston, Texas, an ethnically diverse region with seven million residents. We sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains from COVID-19 patients in metropolitan Houston, Texas, an ethnically diverse region with seven million residents. To better understand the first phase of virus spread in metropolitan Houston, Texas, we sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from COVID-19 patients early in the Houston viral arc. To better understand the first phase of virus spread in metropolitan Houston, Texas, we sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from COVID-19 patients early in the Houston viral arc. Because in vitro resistance of SARS-CoV to remdesivir has been reported to be caused by either of two amino acid replacements in RdRp (Phe476Leu and Val553Leu), we interrogated our data for polymorphisms in the nsp12 gene. cache = ./cache/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334360-bor30e5j author = Manganelli, Fiore title = Brainstem involvement and respiratory failure in COVID-19 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1019 sentences = 67 flesch = 50 summary = Our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Under these premises, we evaluated three COVID-19 patients in ICU at Federico II Hospital in Naples that, although had recovered from pneumonia, could not be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation due to depression of central respiratory drive. In conclusion, our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure [4] and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients [2] . Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients [2] . cache = ./cache/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334391-0172afa1 author = Gupta, Rahul title = The double edged interferon riddle in COVID-19 pathogenesis date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 593 sentences = 56 flesch = 48 summary = I would like to humbly add some views to it: there has been two varying reported type I interferon responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis [2] : one stating the suppression of host antiviral type I interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and other stating increased expression of different ISGs, with further inductions of chemokines and cytokines [2] . The viral Nsps (particularly Nsp1) and the ORFs (particularly ORF 6) are known to antagonise the host antiviral IFNs initially by suppressing/delaying their expressions, leading to viral persistence and propagating inflammations. Hence, neither type I IFN nor type III IFN, which are known hard-wired for providing antiviral immunity, was activated in early stages of COVID-19. Aberrant production of NETs have been known to cause severe COVID-like pathophysiologies-thrombosis, lung damage, ARDS, multiorgan damage, etc. The initial type 1IFN suppression could lead to enhanced infiltration of neutrophils, NET formation and ensuing pathophysiologies. cache = ./cache/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334280-qs40g1fz author = Jella, Tarun K. title = Geospatial Distribution of Neurosurgeons Age 60 and Above Relative to the Spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1737 sentences = 89 flesch = 59 summary = Objective To perform an ecological study in order to analyze the geospatial distribution of neurosurgeons ≥ 60 years old and compare these data with the spread of COVID-19 across the; U.S. Methods Data regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases was collected from the Environmental Systems Research Institute and demographic statistics from the American Association of Medical Colleges 2019State Workforce Reports. Results As of July 5, 2020, the 10 states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases showed older neurosurgical workforce proportions (the proportion of active surgeons aged 60 years or older) ranging from 20.6% to 38.9%. As 80 a result, this study was performed in order to establish first the geographical distribution of 81 neurosurgeons aged 60 years or older and, secondly, to compare this data to the distribution of 82 COVID-19 cases across the country. cache = ./cache/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334367-w96iqo6q author = Devlin, John W. title = Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4225 sentences = 202 flesch = 40 summary = The combination of a novel disease, resource limitations, and risks to medical personnel health have created new barriers to implementing the ICU Liberation ("A" for Assessment, Prevention, and Manage pain; "B" for Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials; "C" for Choice of Analgesia and Sedation; "D" for Delirium Assess, Prevent, and Manage; "E" for Early Mobility and Exercise; and "F" for Family Engagement and Empowerment [ABCDEF]) Bundle, a proven ICU care approach that reduces delirium, shortens mechanical ventilation duration, prevents post-ICU syndrome, and reduces healthcare costs. A domino effect results from: 1) changes to critical care hierarchy, priorities, and ICU team composition; 2) significant personal protective equipment shortages cause; 3) reduced/restricted physical bedside presence favoring; 4) increased depth of sedation and use of neuromuscular blockade; 5) which exacerbate drug shortages; and 6) which require prolonged use of limited ventilator resources. cache = ./cache/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334490-42gykxdx author = Kammerlander, Andreas A. title = COVID-19: frequently asked questions to the cardiologist date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1739 sentences = 96 flesch = 36 summary = The specific causes of troponin rise in COVID-19 in patients without cardiac conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and tachycardia A. Cardiac injury, defined as elevated troponin levels, is frequently observed in patients with COVID-19. The European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) issued a position statement on invasive management in patients with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic [19] . The EAPCI recommends that in cases of mild troponin elevation (<2-3 times the upper limit of normal), particularly in older patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, a work-up for type 1 MI is not indicated, unless strongly indicated by clinical presentation and electrocardiograph (ECG) findings. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Association of Renin-Angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334480-aosmo568 author = Gebrie, D. title = Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2193 sentences = 152 flesch = 50 summary = title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. We will include randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of remdesivir versus placebo for patients confirmed with COVID-19. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval, because no participants data will be involved in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus diseases 2019, COVID-19, SARS-cov-2, Remdesivir, Randomized Controlled Trials. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be derived from only randomized controlled trials which will reduce between study heterogeneity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 doi: medRxiv preprint meta-analysis of RCTs to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334300-hnrmaytm author = Ventura Fernandes, Bianca H title = Zebrafish studies on the vaccine candidate to COVID-19, the Spike protein: Production of antibody and adverse reaction date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1799 sentences = 126 flesch = 50 summary = Establishing new experimental animal models to assess the safety and immune response to the antigen used in the development of COVID-19 vaccine is an imperative issue. Based on the advantages of using zebrafish as a model in research, herein we suggest doing this to test the safety of the putative vaccine candidates and to study immune response against the virus. Based on the in vivo and in silico results presented here, we propose the zebrafish as a model for translational research into the safety of the vaccine and the immune response of the vertebrate organism to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 169 In the global task to develop the vaccine and possible therapeutic approaches for 170 COVID-19, several animal models have been proposed, such as mice 10 , hACE2 171 transgenic mice 11 , alpaca 12 , golden Syrian hamsters, ferrets, dogs, pigs, chickens, and 172 cats 9 , and species of non-human primates 10 . cache = ./cache/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334388-w66h9g9d author = Jack, Dominic title = Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1127 sentences = 76 flesch = 55 summary = title: Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets (Butowt and Bilinska, 2020; Wölfel et al., 2020) Two observations of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 may be relevant to the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). (Reich et al., 2018) Recent data provide some reassurance regarding the severity of COVID-19 in patients with MS, whether treated with a disease-modifying drug or not (Louapre et al., 2020; Sormani, 2020) . Here we report on the cases of COVID-19 occurring in MS patients treated with cladribine tablets (Mavenclad®) within the Merck KGaA Global Patient Safety Database. In 3 cases, confirmation included a report of a positive immunoglobulin G test at a time after COVID-19 symptom onset. Two confirmed cases had not reported experiencing any COVID-19 symptoms. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and multiple sclerosis cache = ./cache/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334550-xb0alubj author = Samaddar, Arghadip title = The Enigma of Low COVID-19 Fatality Rate in India date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6405 sentences = 367 flesch = 48 summary = These include some ongoing mutations that can alter the virulence of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, host factors like innate immunity, genetic diversity in immune responses, epigenetic factors, genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 receptors, micro RNAs and universal BCG vaccination, and environmental factors like high temperature and humidity which may alter the viability and transmissibility of the strain. Researchers from Translational Bioinformatics Group at International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, performed an integrated mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations, including India, Italy, United States, Nepal and Wuhan, and observed a novel mutation in S protein (A930V, 24351C>T) of the Indian strain, which was absent in other strains (Sardar et al., 2020) . While this apparent protection among Indians is largely attributed to non-heritable influences as discussed earlier, a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce disease severity, control transmission, and prevent future infections across all populations. cache = ./cache/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334694-7pjoaj37 author = de Vroege, Lars title = UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 549 sentences = 38 flesch = 53 summary = title: UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic 2 However, the continuing huge pressure on mental health care professionals warrants the supporting of their mental health but regretfully, this topic received little attention. Others addressed important topics, 1,2 but since it is uncertain when the COVID-19 pandemic ends, the workload for health care professionals will continue to be high. 5-8 Measures to prevent or support mental health of professionals in health care are limited, which is worrying because 25% of the general population reported decreased mental health during the pandemic. 9 Some initiatives were developed to support the mental health of professionals in health care (e.g. World Health Organization). Mental support for the health care professional is necessary to prevent burnout and realize quick recovery when necessary, so more attention to this topic is pivotal. Don't Forget about Yourself When Taking Care of Others": Mental Health Support for Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Crisis cache = ./cache/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334324-remrcm2q author = Kunal, Shekhar title = Cardiovascular complications and its impact on outcomes in COVID-19 date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3295 sentences = 217 flesch = 48 summary = 6 Cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury, heart failure (HF), cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis and venous thromboembolism are increasingly being reported. [2] [3] [4] [5] In addition, use of multiple QT-interval prolonging drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 infection may lead to increased incidence of malignant arrhythmias such as torsades pointes (TdP). Patients who presented with acute cardiac injury were significantly older, had greater frequency of co-morbidities including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, higher total leucocyte count, liver enzymes, cardiac troponins and CK-MB levels. In this study, acute cardiac injury was the most common cardiovascular complication in COVID-19 patients. 3 had documented that acute cardiac injury was independently associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Acute cardiac injury is a frequently encountered complication in COVID-19 patients and is associated with an increased mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334532-r5lnjsvl author = Rodriguez, Lindsey M. title = Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4744 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = title: Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. Given that during COVID-19related social distancing, individuals may be faced with increased stress and uncertainty (Taylor, 2019) as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms (Brooks et al., 2020) , those who experience more perceived threat and/or psychological distress may be those most likely to use alcohol to cope. cache = ./cache/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334708-lbmktall author = Putman, Michael S. title = Publication Rate and Journal Review Time of COVID-19 Related Research date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 437 sentences = 36 flesch = 50 summary = title: Publication Rate and Journal Review Time of COVID-19 Related Research Anecdotally, academic researchers have noticed a reduction in the amount of time journals require to review COVID-19 manuscripts. In this letter we describe the growth of this literature and the review time of COVID-19 related manuscripts. Bibliographic data were extracted from all articles in the dedicated COVID-19 research sections of the preprint databases medRxiv and bioRxiv (https://connect.medrxiv.org/relate/content/181) and the NCBI section LitCovid (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/). Bibliographic data were also extracted from all non-COVID-19 articles published by the journals listed in LitCovid. For published articles, the difference between the date of submission and the date of acceptance ("review time") was compared using the independent samples t-test. Initially, a small cohort study with substantive methodologic flaws was accepted after one day of peer review. The types of published articles could not be assessed and many journals did not list submission or acceptance dates in bibliographic metadata. cache = ./cache/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334546-izzavogm author = Huang, Ian title = C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: a meta-analysis date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3581 sentences = 233 flesch = 48 summary = In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between several biomarkers, including serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and the severity of COVID-19. We included research articles in which samples were adult patients with COVID-19 with data for serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and reported the data based on the presence or absence of clinically validated definitions of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and intensive care unit (ICU) care. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the association between an elevated CRP, PCT, D-dimer, serum ferritin level, and the composite poor outcome was not significantly affected by gender, age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and COPD (p > 0.05). This meta-analysis showed that elevated serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin levels were associated with an increased composite poor outcome that comprises mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and the need for ICU care in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334495-7y1la856 author = Agricola, Eustachio title = Heart and Lung Multimodality Imaging in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6791 sentences = 325 flesch = 33 summary = From a clinical point of view, cardiac involvement during COVID-19 may present a wide spectrum of severity ranging from subclinical myocardial injury to well-defined clinical entities (myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and heart failure), whose incidence and prognostic implications are currently largely unknown due to a significant lack of imaging data. The use of integrated heart and lung multimodality imaging plays a central role in different clinical settings and is essential in diagnosis, risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. In this context, the use of multiple diagnostic imaging techniques may apply to both heart and lung to provide an integrated assessment of cardiac and pulmonary function and to refine diagnosis, risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. patients not requiring ICU, when clinical presentation and biomarker alterations suggest acute-onset myocardial inflammation, if the diagnosis is likely to impact on management, CMR may be considered to confirm acute myocarditis, after exclusion of alternative relevant clinical conditions, including ACS and HF, by means of other rapidly available imaging modalities (i.e. cardiac CT scan or TTE). cache = ./cache/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334688-0i1pu8wc author = Martos Pérez, F. title = Comorbidity and prognostic factors on admission in a COVID-19 cohort of a general hospital date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3445 sentences = 208 flesch = 57 summary = Material and methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted from 26th February 2020, who had been discharged or died up to 29th April 2020. Conclusions The presence of cardiopathy, levels of LDH ≥ 345 IU/L and age ≥ 65 years, are associated with a higher risk of death during hospital stay for COVID-19. In this study, we describe the first cases of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in a general hospital and analyze the characteristics upon admission associated with in-hospital death. Our model shows that a medical history of cardiopathy, LDH levels ≥345 IU/L upon admission, and age ≥65 years are associated with greater in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. cache = ./cache/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334445-rk0jay4a author = Mistrangelo, M. title = Do we really need guidelines for HRA during the COVID‐19 pandemic? date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 840 sentences = 45 flesch = 56 summary = Considering the costs to deal with COVID-19, the deficiency of healthcare professionals and the lack of worldwide evidence consensus on HRA, this examination cannot be considered mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dear Editor, We have read with great interest the recent guidelines of the International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) for the practice of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) in the era of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) [1] . Consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific societies have published countless guidelines. Considering the costs of dealing with the problems posed by COVID-19, the shortage of healthcare professionals and the lack of worldwide consensus evidence for HRA, this examination cannot be considered mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. The low risk of progression of AIN to invasive carcinoma, even in high-risk patients, and the long time from diagnosis of AIN and progression do not justify the use of HRA and a screening programme during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334413-h6n36jei author = Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan title = A Novel CFD Analysis to Minimize the Spread of COVID-19 Virus in Hospital Isolation Room date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2697 sentences = 138 flesch = 45 summary = Present study investigates the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer to reach every point of the space of the isolation room so as to kill the COVID-19 virus which will help to protect the lives of doctors, nurses and health care workers. It is found from the analysis that high turbulent fields generated inside the isolation room may be an effective way of distributing sanitizer in entire volume of isolation room to kill the COVID-19 virus. As the medical treatments are often inaccurate, besides precautionary measures and supports, it is therefore reasonable to investigate the possibilities to sanitize the confined volume of air to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 virus inside the airborne infection isolation rooms, and ICUs of a hospital. The study has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer so as to reach every corner of the isolation room and kill the COVID-19 virus. cache = ./cache/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334477-vdpaxj4e author = Koh, Jiayun title = Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5046 sentences = 267 flesch = 53 summary = title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis The WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 also reported that Chinese patients with comorbidities had higher case fatality rates (13.2% with cardiovascular disease, 9.2% with diabetes, 8.4% with hypertension, 8.0% with chronic respiratory disease) (49) . From our pooled results, the common symptoms presented at admission were consistent with another study comprising of 1,099 COVID-19 patients (91.1% with pneumonia diagnosis) across 552 Chinese hospitals up till January 29th 2020 (52) . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334776-hvgbg0gu author = Craig, Lyn title = Dual‐earner Parent Couples’ Work and Care during COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5924 sentences = 268 flesch = 58 summary = Prior to COVID-19-related restrictions, mothers' average daily time allocation to housework and household management and active care combined was about 1 hour and 40 minutes more than fathers' (5.78 vs 4.09 hours per day, p. However, the relative gender gap narrowed from 41 to 36 percent, largely because during COVID-19 fathers' active care for children was 64 percent higher than it had been before, compared to only a 50 percent increase by mothers. However, compared to before COVID-19, the increases in childcare (though not housework/household management) were proportionally higher for fathers, which narrowed relative gender differences in care. Overall, the results suggest that both fathers and mothers were more dissatisfied with how they shared housework and unpaid care with their partner during COVID-19, but the dissatisfaction was much more extreme amongst women, from a much higher base to start with. cache = ./cache/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334425-6zrmavps author = SanJuan-Reyes, Sindy title = COVID-19 in the environment date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2084 sentences = 139 flesch = 50 summary = The WHO has named it COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). New studies provide information of the role of the environment in COVID-19 transmission process, mortality related to this infectious disease and the impact on human health. The following review aims to analyze information on the implications of COVID-19 infection on human health and the impact of its presence on the environment, from its transmission capacity and the role of air pollutants and climatological factors to reducing the air pollution during confinement. Until now, there are no specific pharmacological treatment or vaccines against COVID-19 infection 104 for potential therapy in humans, so extensive isolation measures and the use of disinfection products 105 have been implemented to reduce their transmission from person to person. First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute 593 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA cache = ./cache/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334814-stswaiep author = Vogrig, Alberto title = Causality in COVID-19-associated stroke: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1473 sentences = 98 flesch = 45 summary = Even if the World Health Organization (WHO) has provided definition for suspected, probable, and confirmed COVID-19 cases, we believe that only patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 should enter in the classification, in addition to clinic-radiological evidence of acute stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic). Minor criteria were designed to capture additional evidence of a causal and biologically plausible association: (1) onset of stroke few days to 3 weeks after COVID-19 symptoms [3] [4] [5] ,(2) lack of cardiovascular risk factors [1, 8] ,(3) D-dimer and/or lactate dehydrogenase elevation [3] [4] [5] . Typical clinical features of COVID-19-related stroke include large vessel occlusion, multi-territory involvement, and posterior circulation predisposition (Fig. 1a-g) [3] [4] [5] 8 ]. In particular, case 12 was a previously healthy 50-year-old man who developed a posterior circulation stroke 3 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms in the context of vertebral artery dissection [7] , consistent with our proposed definition. cache = ./cache/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334522-gi7zj70m author = Gersons, Berthold P. R. title = Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3069 sentences = 145 flesch = 43 summary = Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy cache = ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334431-qn2c83in author = Aaronson, Emily Loving title = Emerging palliative care innovations in the ED: a qualitative analysis of programmatic elements during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4753 sentences = 253 flesch = 48 summary = These included elements of fully embedded PC, the use of PC extenders, technology both within the electronic medical record (EMR) and outside of it, and innovations in training emergency clinicians in primary palliative care skills to support care delivery. Institutions that implemented these programs reported that they increased PC utilization in the ED, were well received by clinicians, and changed patient's care trajectories. Before COVID-19, two predominant models of PC delivery existed at the study sites: 1) a traditional consult model in which PC was available to consult with minimal, or no education for ED staff related to PC skills and concepts; and 2) a model which provided extensive training to ED clinicians to cultivate primary PC skills. Although not reported in the literature as a model of PC-ED delivery before COVID, a fully embedded model emerged at several institutions during the pandemic where a PC provider was seated in the ED, and fully dedicated to this work. cache = ./cache/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334790-lav794w0 author = Jin, Huijuan title = Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3557 sentences = 225 flesch = 50 summary = 1 Clinical symptoms of 2019-nCoV have mostly resembled that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) of 2003. The nervous system manifestations were significantly more common in patients with severe infection, manifested as ischaemic stroke and cerebral haemorrhage diagnosed by clinical symptoms and head CT, impaired consciousness and skeletal muscle injury. Symptoms related to the development of acute cerebrovascular diseases Among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, middle-aged and elderly people accounted for the majority of strokes, especially in critically ill patients. According to the 'Technical guidelines for prevention and control of new coronavirus infection in medical institutions (First Edition)' 16 developed by General Office of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and clinical characteristics of these patients, we propose the following precautions for neurologists, especially for those who are working in high-risk areas. cache = ./cache/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334711-58ygbyiz author = Hernández-Sánchez, Brizeida Raquel title = Psychological Factors that Lessen the Impact of COVID-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8579 sentences = 470 flesch = 32 summary = To meet these goals, we conducted an explorative study with a sample of college students to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, proactiveness, and optimism are in entrepreneurial intentions. This research will focus on four characteristics, namely proactiveness, optimism, the Covid-19 pandemic perception, and psychological need satisfaction, to quantify the relationship between these four traits of the students and their entrepreneurial intention. First, through a representative sample of Latin American university students, this study aims to analyze the relationships between proactiveness, optimism, Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, and entrepreneurial intention in an adverse situation, as it is this current pandemic. Second, the current study focuses primarily on how the Covid-19 pandemic perception and need satisfaction mediate the predictive effects of student proactivity and optimism on entrepreneurial intention. cache = ./cache/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334801-p5mxc694 author = Van Singer, Mathias title = COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2006 sentences = 129 flesch = 50 summary = We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. sTREM-1-and IL-6-based algorithms are 54 highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to 84 surges of patients that can overwhelm health systems (1) (2) (3) (4) . Current prediction 90 models to support clinical decision making for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients 91 were developed based on demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging techniques, 92 biomarkers or a combination of these variables, however most are poorly validated and at risk 93 of bias (10). 282 The CRT analysis performed with all clinical signs, severity scores and biomarkers to predict Since we could also use this triage tool to identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes, we 290 tested this algorithm to predict 7-and 30-day intubation/death. cache = ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author = Lisco, Giuseppe title = Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7901 sentences = 359 flesch = 32 summary = This concern has been further confirmed by the results of a cohort study among 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, hence defining DM as a potentially harmful comorbidity predisposing to worse clinical course or death once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred [49] . Different hypothesis should be considered for explaining this clinical phenomenon, including glucose control at baseline and during the infection course, pathophysiology and immune system response in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with T2D, diabetes-related comorbidities and concomitant medications. In conclusion, diabetic patients especially elderly individuals and those with worse baseline glucose control may exhibit immune system dysregulation that predispose them to a less effective response against SARS-CoV-2 and to a dysfunctional inflammation that requires to be carefully monitored in confirmed cases of COVID-19, for preventing or avoiding a harmful progression of the disease. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334864-aak4wlgs author = Djalante, Riyanti title = COVID-19 and the ASEAN responses: Comparison and analysis through policy science date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3304 sentences = 201 flesch = 56 summary = We argue that existing regional health collaboration since 2003 and coupled with the One-ASEAN-One Response framework should have provided a strong foundation for the region to deal with the impact of COVID-19. Although, between March and April 2020, ASEAN reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. Although, between March and April 2020, ASEAN reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. To compare these responses utilising policy science viewpoints and identify lessons learnt on how to strengthen regional responses and in the long term, the health systems resilience of ASEAN and its member states. Toward broader ASEAN health system resilience This paper has documented and analysed ASEAN as a regional organisation and the 10 member states respond to COVID-19. In March and April 2020, ASEAN has actively reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334518-mjr6u7ak author = Hu, X. title = Development and clinical application of a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermalamplification test for SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5158 sentences = 294 flesch = 51 summary = To accelerate clinical diagnostic testing for COVID-19, we conducted a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a novel RT-LAMP assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA for potential use in centralized facilities and point-of-care settings. Subsequently, we evaluated the RT-LAMP and standard RT-qPCR assays on 329 nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of 129 suspected COVID-19 patients and on the serial upper respiratory samples from an asymptomatic carrier, and the insistent samples between RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR were further subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for SARS-CoV-2 confirmation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108530 doi: medRxiv preprint As described in the Materials and Methods, we developed a rapid and simple RT-LAMP assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and positive reactions resulted in a color change from purple to blue due to decreased magnesium concentration in the presence of extensive Bst DNA polymerase activity, while negative reactions retained the purple color. cache = ./cache/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334638-au5sqzxw author = Dores, Artemisa R. title = The Use of New Digital Information and Communication Technologies in Psychological Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7908 sentences = 312 flesch = 36 summary = The aims of this work were to (a) analyze how the attitudes of professionals in the field of psychology have changed in relation to the use of ICTs in the context of psychological monitoring during the lockdown; (b) assess whether the practice of psychological counseling and therapy includes greater use of ICTs during the lockdown period; (c) identify the factors that potentially have affected such changes; and (d) study the possible adoption of guidelines for at-distance psychological monitoring by psychologists who are using ICTs during the period of physical distance This study aimed to explore psychologists' attitudes and practices related with the use of ICTs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, for identification of the main changes that have occurred in the provision of counseling and therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334716-s4mfegv7 author = Herman, P. title = Corticothérapie en ORL en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 842 sentences = 84 flesch = 60 summary = RESUME Ces conseils de bonne pratique concernant les indications et les modalités de la corticothérapie en ORL en période d'épidémie COVID-19 ont été rédigés sous l'égide de l'Association Française d'Otologie et d'Oto-neurologie (AFON) et de la Société Française d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale (SFORL). Il n'y pas actuellement de données suggérant un danger ou un bénéfice particulier des corticoïdes dans la COVID-19, et il convient donc, tant que cette question n'est pas tranchée, de limiter leurs indications aux tableaux cliniques les plus sévères et pour lesquels il est bien établi que ce type de traitements a un effet favorable sur l'évolution des symptômes. Enfin, il n'y aucune indication aux corticothérapies par voie générale ou locale dans les infections ORL bactériennes. Il n'y a pas actuellement de données scientifiques suggérant un bénéfice ou un risque particulier des corticoïdes dans la COVID-19. Dans le contexte pandémique actuel, la corticothérapie n'est pas conseillée dans les infections ORL bactériennes. cache = ./cache/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334933-br1cr8kj author = Arora, Gulhima title = Solidarity and transparency against the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 409 sentences = 30 flesch = 57 summary = authors: Arora, Gulhima; Kroumpouzos, George; Kassir, Martin; Jafferany, Mohammad; Lotti, Torello; Sadoughifar, Roxanna; Sitkowska, Zuzanna; Grabbe, Stephan; Goldust, Mohamad 4 Amidst this somber situation, the blame of "politics of epidemics" in which politics mostly attributes to the broad effect of local, national, and international establishments, on the health consequences of communities in disease outbreaks, in Asian countries like India and Iran is challenging. It also works with member states to promote knowledge and empower communities. By working together, countries promote efficiency. Cooperation is a key weapon in the battle against COVID-19. World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) COVID-19: what is next for public health? Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts cache = ./cache/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334830-fh8eitnh author = Bsteh, Gabriel title = Multiple sclerosis and COVID‐19: how many are at risk? date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2466 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = We extracted reported demographic and clinical factors, which are currently estimated as (potential) risk factors for COVID-19 mortality: age, physical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score), smoking status, obesity (body-mass-index ≥30), DMT status, and presence of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and/or ischemic heart failure and/or cardiac valve disease), chronic pulmonary disease (asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]), diabetes, chronic kidney disease and current malignancy. We analyzed the frequency of risk factors in the whole cohort and in three age subgroups (<40 years, 40-65 years, >65 years), and, we calculated the proportion of the cohort in each COVID-19 mortality risk group and contrasted that to the proportion of patients with DMT and, specifically, immunosuppressive treatment (alemtuzumab, cladribine, mitoxantrone, ocrelizumab or rituximab). In conclusion, we showed in a population-based MS cohort that the proportion of patients at high risk of COVID-19 mortality is below 1% with the vast majority of the high-risk group not receiving disease-modifying treatment, let alone immunosuppressive treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334847-lf1grybz author = Lynch, Holly Fernandez title = Regulatory Flexibility for COVID-19 Research date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2019 sentences = 100 flesch = 38 summary = Clinical research is critical to combatting COVID-19, but regulatory requirements for human subjects protection may sometimes pose a challenge in pandemic circumstances. Although regulators have offered some helpful guidance for research during the pandemic, we identify further compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, emergency research, and research involving incarcerated people. Strict regulatory compliance may be challenging amidst a public health emergency, but participant protection and high-quality science remain essential.(1) In recognition of these considerations, FDA and the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have issued guidance on conducting research during the COVID-19 pandemic.(2) Although this guidance offers a helpful start, gaps remain and additional regulatory flexibility is warranted in some instances. To ensure that this research proceeds efficiently and ethically, we offer suggestions to proactively address regulatory compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, and inclusion of vulnerable populations. cache = ./cache/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334715-902pfxyz author = Sirico, Domenico title = Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 130 flesch = 41 summary = The aim of this position paper is to provide clinical recommendation regarding the execution of imaging investigations for the cardiac diagnostic work-up of paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed infection. In particular, the Echo-Lab leading team along with referring physicians should identify all those investigations that have an urgent/emergent indication and reschedule all the elective ones, especially for patients at higher risk of infection and low priority for echocardiogram. Echocardiogram execution Echocardiographic studies performed on paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be as focused as necessary to be of any diagnostic value. In the case of an echocardiogram in a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 hospital inpatient, a bedside investigation with a portable machine in the isolated room should be preferred, avoiding moving patients within the clinic or hospital. In this setting (suspected/confirmed COVID-19 and signs of myocarditis), CMR can be performed, considering the risk/benefit ratio according to the patient's hemodynamic status and exam's therapeutic impact. cache = ./cache/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334867-ohw0chbg author = Ma, Hui title = Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3667 sentences = 155 flesch = 27 summary = Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. With the large number of patients visiting hospitals, the poor information exchange among medical institutions, disease control institutions, and scientific research institutions caused doctors to have scant knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics, transmission patterns, and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the consequence of disappointing treatment results [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334564-bqh9jkds author = Raony, Ícaro title = Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9893 sentences = 464 flesch = 41 summary = Since COVID-19 is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (8) , an immune signature shared with several psychiatric disorders, we propose how the relationship between SARS-CoV-2/host can possibly impair interactions between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, leading to psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have demonstrated psychiatric manifestations in patients with MERS or SARS during the acute phase, such as increased stress levels, impaired memory, symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychoses, and suicidal behavior (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) . If the increase in cytokine levels and the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms are related to the severity of the symptoms of SARS-CoV infection, the "cytokine storm" might also be related to the "mental health thunderstorms" seen in patients with COVID-19? Similar to possible mechanisms involved in the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mental health, social isolation may also be associated with dysfunctional psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interactions, which in turn can contribute to the development or the worsening of psychiatric disturbances (Figure 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334955-gnu92up6 author = Sutton, Jeannette title = COVID-19: Retransmission of official communications in an emerging pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7800 sentences = 324 flesch = 41 summary = In this research, we examine message features shown in prior disasters to increase or decrease message retransmission under imminent threat conditions to develop models of official risk communicators' messages shared online from February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020. We develop a lexicon of keywords associated with risk communication about the pandemic response, then use automated coding to identify message content and message structural features. They found that actionable and instructive messages and those that included a visual image were highly shared regardless of the time period; however, daily updates in the form of forecasts or current weather conditions involving little uncertainty, as well as message features that increase interaction, such as direct replies and URLs, decreased message passing. Messages that include information sharing decreases retransmission; however, this content increased post emergency declaration by 61%. cache = ./cache/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334849-8rblgq9b author = LoPresti, Marissa title = The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7290 sentences = 456 flesch = 45 summary = 1 As with many complex diseases, the reality for most individuals likely involves a combination of genetic -including viral and host genetics -and non-genetic Relative to other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has unique biological properties and related clinical impact, but data regarding other coronaviruses may be relevant. This can help populate lists of genes that -along with data from related biological studies -may bear scrutiny in the developing and important large-scale host genetic 6 and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)in pigs. In various species, efforts have focused on genes encoding the relevant coronavirus receptor, including effects of viral and host genetic changes and how these may impact the disease process. 30 In humans (see Tables 1 and S2 and Figures 3 and 4 for details on human studies of these genes, including specific references), studies of specific ACE2 polymorphisms have not shown significant associations with SARS-CoV-1 susceptibility or outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334960-l5q5wc06 author = Park, Su Eun title = Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19) date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 258 flesch = 58 summary = 9) Two novel strains of coronavirus have jumped species from animal to human, spread by human-to-human transmission, and caused severe acute respiratory syndrome leading to high fatality rate in the past 2 decades. 10) Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated virus (SARS-CoV), previously unknown coronavirus traced to horseshoe bats in southern China, caused 8,096 confirmed cases and 774 deaths (9.6% fatality rate) in 29 countries from November 2002 to July 2003. 19, 20) The virus was initially called 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) upon its emergence, until the Coronaviridae Study Group of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the phylogenetic analysis, on February 11, 2020. 10) Conclusion Within 3 months since the discovery of a novel coronavirus in patients with pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan City, China, COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world and is beating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the number of confirmed cases and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334881-x9nxxled author = Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title = COVID 19 therapies and anti-cancer drugs: A systematic review of recent literature date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3248 sentences = 186 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: It is reasonable to think that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy could have a more aggressive course if positive for Coronavirus disease CoV-2 (COVID19). METHODS: We conducted a literature review on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://scholar.google.com, www.arxiv.org, www.biorxiv.org, of all articles published using the keywords COVID-19 therapy or treatment and cancer until May 2, 2020. Sarilumab is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (53). AIFA has licensed a randomized phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f baricitinib in addition to the usual treatment in patients with pneumonia in COVID-19 (Barcivid study) (74). cache = ./cache/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335003-7ae0galy author = Kussmaul, William G. title = COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 739 sentences = 54 flesch = 57 summary = Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The authors present data from 3 studies that found, with moderate certainty of evidence, no relationship of ACEI or ARB use with testing positive for the virus or becoming ill from it. On the basis of further data from 14 observational studies encompassing more than 23 000 adults with COVID-19, they found high-certainty evidence that the drugs are not associated with greater illness severity. As a result of this progression from fear and theory through data and multiple analyses from different continents, we now have reasonable reassurance that drugs that alter the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) do not pose substantial threats as either COVID-19 risk factors or severity multipliers. Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? cache = ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334945-lxowaacg author = Luo, Yi title = Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1796 sentences = 95 flesch = 48 summary = We describe the case of a physician in Wuhan, China, who had mildly symptomatic COVID-19 and the subsequent asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in all 5 of his household contacts. All 5 household contacts of patient 1 had laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection but remained asymptomatic throughout the period of observation (February 11-March 1) (Figure, panel A) . An early report from China on 72,314 COVID-19 cases found that only 1% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic; however, asymptomatic close contacts were not routinely tested in that study (7) . In summary, this single-household study found a high attack rate for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among the immediate family members of a symptomatic COVID-19 case-patient. Moreover, our experience indicates that screening symptomatic contacts with a single throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2 might lead to an underestimate of the rate of infection and that asymptomatic persons can repeatedly revert between positive and negative PCR results on throat specimens. cache = ./cache/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335005-ezp4mery author = China, Anne title = Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4029 sentences = 218 flesch = 45 summary = We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the "Anthropocene." Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. Next, we present two examples from the city of Denver, Colorado (USA), showing how policy responses to the spread of the virus triggered exchanges that altered human-environment interactions and created emergent new landscapes-in relation to the quality of air and ways of obtaining and eating foods-with implications for managing the effects of pandemics at a local scale. Though the origins of pandemics are rooted in global-scale human impacts on environment, i.e., the Anthropocene, the COVID-19 case shows how their riveting effects can also alter humanlandscape interactions locally, with consequent cross-scale feedbacks. cache = ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335037-4wj4p5ys author = Annweiler, Cédric title = Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Disorders during COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 854 sentences = 64 flesch = 45 summary = [3] [4] [5] Studies in experimental animals have well documented the synthesis of NO in the brain and its role in a variety of neuronal functions including learning and memory processes or locomotor activity. The production of NO is tightly linked to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), precisely targeted by SARS-CoV-2 7 that was described to overactivate the RAS by interacting, via its spike (S) glycoprotein, with the metallopeptidase angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, 7 expressed at the surface of numerous cell types including cerebral neurons. 8 In RAS, angiotensin II, by acting on the vasoconstrictor type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 R), reportedly diminishes the production of NO, 9 leading to an expected decrease in NO concentrations in the brain during COVID-19, which needs to be compensated to prevent neurological cognitive and behavioral disorders. 10 All these molecules are expected to counteract the SARS-CoV-2-induced overactivation of RAS, to maintain NO production, and to reverse, to some extent, the associated neurological cognitive and behavioral disorders in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335007-27a3h2lo author = Dreyer, Nancy A. title = Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2058 sentences = 113 flesch = 44 summary = title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. We build on these models using community-driven research to characterize symptoms indicative of a positive COVID-19 viral test result and identify risk factors for development of serious symptoms of COVID-19 infection outside the hospital setting. Anosmia and ageusia were the most likely symptoms indicative of a positive test results, and participants reporting either of these had more symptoms and of greater severity [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335039-o92ohoao author = Hu, Zhipeng title = Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2112 sentences = 156 flesch = 54 summary = title: Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis CONCLUSION: Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of LHQWG in treating COVID-19, which will be of significant meaning for further research and clinical practice. Researchers carried out a series of studies on the efficacy of this medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. Since COVID19 is an urgent public health event, it is difficult to carry out randomized studies, it is appropriate to include nonrandomized studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The following data will be extracted: the first author's name, publication time, country, article title, article type, interventions in experimental and control group, course of treatment, severity of disease, Table 1 Example of PubMed search strategy. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective Novel coronavirus pneumonia: clinical efficacy and mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen Granule: a network pharmacology study cache = ./cache/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334973-jemeyudi author = Wu, Dingye title = Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2429 sentences = 151 flesch = 54 summary = title: Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center Hospitalization days, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid positive days, minimal lymphocyte count, and occurrence time were collected and comparatively analyzed. In addition, a multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of diabetes on minimal lymphocyte count and its emergence time, patient's hospitalization days, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days by adjusting for potential confounding factors including age; gender; BMI; SBP; DBP; and ALT, AST, and Cr levels. This single center, observational, retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 showed that, patients with T2DM have higher CRP, lower level and more rapid decline in lymphocyte count, and longer hospitalization time than those without T2DM. Our study found a decrease in lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19, and the lower the lymphocyte count, the longer SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days and hospitalization days. cache = ./cache/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335051-31imf6bv author = Tsabouri, Sophia title = SPECIAL ARTICLE: Risk factors for severity in children with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A comprehensive literature review date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1674 sentences = 141 flesch = 56 summary = We carried out a comprehensive literature review to identify the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children, in comparison with the other two coronavirus outbreaks in the past, SARS and MERS. • Risk factors for severe disease from COVID-19 in children are reported to be young age 53 and underlying comorbidities, although not confirmed in all studies. 9 From the currently available data it appears that children tend to 105 have asymptomatic or mild disease more commonly than adults, 8,10 but severe cases and even 106 deaths have been reported worldwide in patients younger than 18 years. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human 445 coronaviruses OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1: a study of hospitalized children with acute 446 respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China. Middle East respiratory syndrome 459 coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia. cache = ./cache/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335061-wn8u7u9y author = Zheng, Yichao title = A Learning-based Model to Evaluate Hospitalization Priority in COVID-19 Pandemics date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3463 sentences = 200 flesch = 51 summary = This model is found effective to identify severe COVID-19 cases on admission, with a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 100% to predict the disease progression toward rapid deterioration. In light of this unmet need in efficient triage of COVID-19 cases, the study is sought to 56 develop and validate a learning-based model that evaluates patients' priority of being 57 admitted to hospital care due to their appearance or susceptibility toward severe 58 COVID-19. As this study was sought to identify 86 the hospitalization priority according to the prehospital assessment of severe COVID-19 87 risk, only clinical data obtained on admission were used to evaluate the importance of 88 clinical variables in identification of severe or potentially severe cases. To assess the 358 effectiveness of models in early prediction of severe progressions, patients who were 359 presented with non-severe symptom on admission but developed severe disease during 360 hospitalization were enrolled as an external testing set for analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335020-at43c8q7 author = Porfidia, Angelo title = Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 106 flesch = 44 summary = In this article, we discuss the many doubts currently existing on the use of heparins and the correct prevention and diagnosis of VTE in COVID-19 patients, with physicians that juggle between pragmatic choices, different suggestions being released on a daily by hospital and medical societies, and the lack of solid evidence or guidelines. To support this concept, it is worth mentioning the report published by Danzi and coll., which describes the case of a 75-year-old woman who was hospitalized in Cremona, Italy, after 10 days of fever and a recent onset of dyspnea at home and was diagnosed with severe COVID-19-positive bilateral pneumonia and concomitant acute PE two days after hospital admission [19] . This issue is critical and has been taken into consideration in a recent position paper from the Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET), in which it is suggested to maintain thromboprophylaxis at home for 7-14 days after hospital discharge or in the pre-hospital phase, at least in subjects with pre-existing or persisting VTE risk factors [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335095-epsi5qq7 author = Feng, Gong title = Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2801 sentences = 141 flesch = 54 summary = Moreover, the smooth curve fitting graph reflected that the severity of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both age and CRP levels (all P value < 0.05). But the studies exploring the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, especially by the means of smooth curve fitting, are lacking. Thus, we describe the clinical characteristics as well as laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients residing in Xiaogan City, so as to have an insight regarding the prevention as well as treatment of COVID-19, and simultaneously explore the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, thereby exploring the indicators for predicting the severity of COVID-19. Compared with the initial COVID-19 patients observed in Wuhan, in terms of disease symptoms and severity, the patients from Xiaogan City, in our study, were relatively moderate, but we could not neglect asymptomatic or mild patients. cache = ./cache/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335019-esttc16z author = Kayem, Gilles title = A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2079 sentences = 101 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Our main objectives were to describe the course over time of SARS-CoV-2 infection in French pregnant women, the clinical profile and risk factors for women with maternal respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Aggregated data, extracted from medical files by local physicians, from all diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in pregnant women in these hospitals (for prenatal care, illness, or delivery) from March 1 to April 14 were merged and analyzed to provide a snapshot of the pandemic's consequences in this population. We then report maternal characteristics and maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes according to the severity of the respiratory disease, categorized in 3 exclusive groups: non-severe (no respiratory support), requiring oxygen (nasal oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation), or critical (invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). cache = ./cache/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335038-q32ghvsv author = Huang, Jiao title = Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3171 sentences = 231 flesch = 59 summary = title: Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study METHODS: This population-based cohort study identified all COVID-19 cases among the whole PLWH in Wuhan city, China, by April 16, 2020. Previous studies have found that PLWH with low CD4 cell count, high HIV viral load and not taking antiretroviral treatment have an increased risk of other respiratory infections [9] . This indicates that COVID-19 cases in PLWH may have delayed viral clearance for SARS-CoV-2 because of immunosuppression, although clinical improvement of COVID-19 in PLWH was not worse than that of individuals without HIV infection as described in the present study and other published studies [25, 32] . CD4 cell count and the risk of AIDS or death in HIV-Infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy with a suppressed viral load: a longitudinal cohort study from COHERE cache = ./cache/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335117-p03svmfr author = Mehtar, Shaheen title = Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1703 sentences = 82 flesch = 51 summary = Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa : one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries On March 11, 2020, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by WHO, there were comparatively few cases reported from Africa. Furthermore, the effect of ongoing lockdowns (eg, partial in Senegal and Democratic Republic of the Congo vs total in South Africa) and case-finding mitigation strategies will depend on each country's political leadership, socioeconomic realities, and epidemic stage. Early evidence of flattening the epidemic curve through a proactive, 30-day total lockdown and physical distancing is being documented in South Africa. However, before physical distancing measures can be eased, it is crucial to have in place a robust and functioning public health infrastructure to scale up case finding through testing, isolation, and contact tracing to ultimately interrupt coronavirus transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335078-z7k59k8o author = Burton-Papp, Helmi C. title = Conscious prone positioning during non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: experience from a single centre date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3765 sentences = 182 flesch = 43 summary = In our cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure, prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation resulted in improved oxygenation. Here we build on this literature offering an examination of changes in oxygenation, as measured by PaO 2 /FiO 2 , across multiple episodes of prone positioning in conscious patients, with moderate to severe hypoxia, undergoing non-invasive ventilation following admission to the intensive care unit for advanced respiratory support. Although there is only limited data available on the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in COVID-19, early provision of NIV in moderate to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure is associated with reduced ICU mortality and intubation rate 12 . This is a retrospective report on a subgroup of 20 patients with severe COVID-19 who were able to self-prone while receiving non-invasive ventilation in the ICU, among a grand total of 81 patients admitted to the ICU during the study period.The primary outcome reported by the authors is change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio while in prone position. cache = ./cache/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335137-5qt286kc author = Chatterjee, Swapan K. title = Molecular Pathogenesis, Immunopathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7124 sentences = 369 flesch = 47 summary = It is believed that interaction between angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor and viral Spike protein mediates the coronavirus entry into human respiratory epithelial cells and establishes the host tropism. The most significant surface protein is spike glycoprotein which interferes in establishing the association between the human respiratory epithelial cells to the virus via cell surface membrane receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and finally establishes the host tropism (Li et al., 2003) . A recent study suggests that prediction of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein structure, glycan shield pattern and pattern of glycosylation has great inference on understanding the viral camouflage as well as the outline of cell entry, and also facilitate the development of new small-molecule drugs, vaccines, antibodies, and screening of the human host targets (Song et al., 2018) . Various studies have proved that SARS-CoV-2 infection initiation and spread of disease into the host cells mainly depends upon S protein priming by TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane protease serine type 2), the serine protease. cache = ./cache/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335108-5u3578ws author = Fang, C. title = Extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 on CT: relationship with pulmonary parenchymal disease date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 141 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract Aim To report the severity and extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTD) in COVID-19 patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in a tertiary centre. The aim of the present study was to report the severity and extent of PTD in patients with confirmed COVID-19 who have undergone CTPA imaging in a tertiary centre. The secondary aims are (1) to assess the effectiveness of the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) current guidance on the pattern and extent of lung parenchymal abnormalities in COVID-19, and (2) to assess whether there is any difference in the patterns and severity of pulmonary parenchymal disease on CT in COVID-19 patients with and without PTD. CT patterns and severity of lung parenchymal disease, severity and extent of PTD, presence of CT signs of pulmonary hypertension, CT features of possible fibrosis, and intrathoracic lymph node enlargement were reviewed. cache = ./cache/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335140-njg0ln33 author = Freeman, Ciara L title = Covid‐19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future? date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3361 sentences = 227 flesch = 49 summary = We also need to consider that the way we deliver care to myeloma patients may forever be changed as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19. This global crisis could force the myeloma Accepted Article community to scrutinise our practices and ask whether every test, every treatment and every patient interaction is truly delivering value to our vulnerable population, both in the immediate-term and also in the future. All rights reserved this at minimum (19) (20) (21) In select patients with responsive, controlled disease with low tumour burden, temporarily decreasing the frequency of administration to every second week could be a potential option (22) Delay or cancellation of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been recommended wherever possible given its significant and prolonged immunosuppression in the current landscape (23, 24). Risks, severity and timing of infections in patients with multiple myeloma: a longitudinal cohort study in the era of immunomodulatory drug therapy cache = ./cache/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335122-8s3bcyo8 author = Marshall, Steve title = COVID-19: What do we know? date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5249 sentences = 375 flesch = 41 summary = 44, 45, [47] [48] [49] The amount of viable SARS-CoV-2 in droplet nuclei remains unclear, but in subjects infected with other respiratory viruses, such as influenza, experiments comparing coughing and breathing suggest an equivalent production of viral RNA and replication-competent virus, detected at close range (< 12 inches). 78 In situations where healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) attend to patients with COVID-19 and do not perform medical AGPs, direct airborne transmission of replicationcompetent SARS-CoV-2 has not been confirmed. 79 The results of hospital studies evaluating aerosolization of body fluids and respiratory droplets of SARS-CoV-1 infected patients generated during certain medical AGPs (tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, etc.), suggest that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be possible during these procedures. Currently there are no studies reporting airborne viable (replication-competent) SARS-CoV-2 virus J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f in hospital settings where infected patients are cared for, but not subjected to medical AGPs, by healthcare workers wearing surgical masks. cache = ./cache/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335168-3ofarutr author = Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen title = Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatologists and Dermatology Practice date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3362 sentences = 203 flesch = 43 summary = [11] The International Psoriasis Council recommends dermatologists to discontinue or postpone immunosuppressant medications for psoriasis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, however apremilast can be continued unless severe symptoms are present. Indian association of dermatologists, venereologists and leprologists (IADVL), one of the largest dermatology association in the world, was also prompt to issue position statement for its members with the objectives of providing strategies to combat COVID-19 in dermatology practice in the form of education about the prevention of transmission; avoiding all non-essential outpatient consultations and elective procedures; stressing upon the dermatolgists to be updated with ever changing scenarios and guidelines, canceling travels and gatherings including CMEs, meetings, and conferences and recommendations about the use of immunosuppressives and biologics in patients. cache = ./cache/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335181-rvlu0h1h author = Haft, Jonathan W. title = Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1260 sentences = 59 flesch = 35 summary = Abstract In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. The intent of this document is to provide guidance to the adult cardiac surgery perioperative community regarding management of patients considered or scheduled for surgical procedures in the context of the current pandemic. 2) Protecting the institution and society at large: Reducing the number of cardiac surgical procedures will result in the preservation of valuable resources that will allow for intensive care unit beds, mechanical ventilators, circuitry for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), pharmaceuticals, personal protective equipment (PPE) and healthcare workers with advanced skills to be used for the ever growing numbers of COVID-19 admissions. cache = ./cache/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335192-ezl7xgeb author = Lai, Paul BS title = COVID‐19 and surgical practice date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 296 sentences = 26 flesch = 56 summary = From PubMed, 2 if you try to search "COVID-19 and surgery" as keywords, you will find 3219 publications published in the past few months. The most significant impact worldwide is the suspension of elective operations as surgical patients were deprived of access to operation theatres and intensive care units. Although the knock-on effects on surgery waiting time are yet to be seen, it is almost certain that there will be collateral damage to surgical patients in terms of loss of function or risk of adverse prognosis. In preparing better the surgical workforce to face future pandemic challenges, we may have to consider how we can equip frontline surgeons with the necessary skills and credentials to manage and care for patients suffering from COVID-19 or other infectious diseases if the demand surges. Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services COVID-19 and laparoscopic surgery: scoping review of current literature and local expertise cache = ./cache/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335312-yp73z008 author = Bergsland, Emily K. title = North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19 date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3409 sentences = 168 flesch = 41 summary = Clinical decisions should be individualized between patients and their doctor to consider factors such as the likelihood and consequences of cancer progression if therapy is delayed, modified, or interrupted; whether or not the tumor is functional (making hormones that cause symptoms); and the patient's tolerance of treatment. Health care providers and patients will need to make individual determinations based on the potential harms of delaying needed cancer-related surgery, the specific situation at their hospital, and the increased risk to the patient from COVID-19 exposure. The decision to extend the interval between treatments and/or omit one or more cycles of therapy in a patient on PRRT will need to be made on a case-by-case basis (considering response and tolerability to date, COVID-19 risk factors, general clinical status, prior therapy, etc) balancing the potential consequences of cancer progression with the potential ramifications of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335104-8b2tpbsh author = Carugno, Andrea title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 589 sentences = 47 flesch = 60 summary = authors: Carugno, Andrea; Gambini, Daniele Mario; Raponi, Francesca; Vezzoli, Pamela; Robustelli Test, Elisa; Arosio, Marco Enrico Giovanni; Callegaro, Annapaola; Sena, Paolo title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? Various cutaneous manifestations have been observed in COVID-19 patients 1 and there has been worldwide concern among patients undergoing biologic therapies. [2] [3] [4] We report our experience with a COVID-19 psoriatic patient treated with anti-interleukin-(IL)-17 who developed a late onset rash. About 5 weeks later, he referred to us due to the rapid onset of a mild pruritic erythematooedematous morbilliform rash, rapidly spreading from arms to trunk and lower limbs; he also showed an initial flare-up of his psoriasis The patient developed a mild form of COVID-19, even though his age and comorbidities are most typically associated with poorer prognosis. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and biologic therapy in psoriasis: infection risk and patient counseling in uncertain times cache = ./cache/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335244-kyg8rx4o author = Hines, Kristen title = Publier en contexte de pandémie de COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 598 sentences = 57 flesch = 68 summary = 1 and Togas Tulandi, M.D. MHCH 2 Rédactrice adjointe, JOGC Rédacteur en chef, JOGC Les observations anecdotiques rapportées dans les revues médicales indiquent que la pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des répercussions sur notre travail dans un certain nombre de domaines, y compris le volume des soumissions, la disponibilité et la rapidité des évaluateurs, la réactivité des réviseurs et même la démographie des auteurs 1 . L'Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, un collectif d'éditeurs en libre accès, est à la recherche d'experts prêts à examiner des articles sur la COVID-19, à le faire rapidement et à accepter de surveiller les articles prépublication afin de distinguer ceux de haute qualité 3 . La Society for Scholarly Publishing note également que les sociétés et leurs revues produisent aussi des vidéos, des baladodiffusions, des fiches techniques, des centres de patients, des éditoriaux et des résumés par rapport à la COVID-19 1 .Bon nombre de ces ressources nécessitent une mise à jour régulière en temps réel. cache = ./cache/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335138-37czoiq8 author = Booz, George W. title = Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 774 sentences = 63 flesch = 42 summary = The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19. Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in 677 mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China 678 and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts cache = ./cache/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335066-4xoo279v author = Ahmed, Oli title = Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4046 sentences = 219 flesch = 55 summary = The CAS was translated into the Bangla language following the International Test Commission's guidelines for this adaptation study and placed in an online survey (N = 737, with a mean age of 26.55 (SD = 7.166 years) to assess the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the scale. This validation of a Bangla CAS scale would be helpful for mental health practitioners to assess pandemic anxiety among the Bangladeshi people. Thus, the present study aims to translate the CAS into the Bangla language so that its adaption can be used for the assessment of dysfunctional anxiety, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, for Bangladeshi people. As internal consistency reliabilities and composite reliability of the CAS Bangla version were higher than 0.80, this scale is suitable for screening COVID-19 anxiety among Bangladeshi people. Altogether, our findings support the CAS Bangla version as a valid tool that exhibits appropriate psychometric properties in assessing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety among the people of Bangladesh. cache = ./cache/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335141-ag3j8obh author = Higgins, G.C. title = FFP3 reusable respirators for COVID-19; adequate and suitable in the healthcare setting date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22051 sentences = 1230 flesch = 52 summary = The British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons, the British Society for Surgery of the Hand and the Royal College of Surgeons of England, have all issued guidance: both encouraging patients to avoid risky pursuits, which could result in accidental injuries and to members how to prioritise and optimise services for trauma and urgent cancer work. We have adapted our Hand Trauma Service to a 'One Stop Hand Trauma and Therapy' clinic, where patients are assessed, definitive surgery performed and offered immediate post-operative hand therapy where therapists make splint and give specialist advice on wound care and rehabilitation including an illustrated hand therapy guide. Local assessment of our practice is ongoing but we have found that this model has enabled a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees to successfully continue to work whilst reducing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and providing gold standard care for patients. cache = ./cache/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335292-x2vjzp18 author = Nagashima, S. title = The Endothelial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis Driving the SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Thrombosis date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3502 sentences = 221 flesch = 43 summary = Approach and Results: Post-mortem lung (6 cases of COVID-19 group; 10 cases of H1N1 group and 11 cases of Control group) and myocardial samples (2 cases of COVID-19 and one control) were analyzed by conventional immunohistochemistry by using antibodies to identify molecules involving with endothelial activation (CD163, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1)) and pyroptosis (Caspase-1). In addition to COVID-19 endothelial activation, the probable higher significant involvement of pyroptosis, in this pandemic disease, but not in H1N1pdm09, may drive the massive endothelial cell death contributing to thrombogenic mechanism. The presence of the same pattern of tissue expression (COVID-19 patients with higher CD163, IL-6, ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, and Caspase-1 tissue expression than control patient) in the myocardial samples might suggest that endothelial dysfunction and pyroptosis mechanism could be more than a local lung process, but a systemic event. cache = ./cache/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335347-vxl2flbn author = Diercks, Gillian R. title = Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Child with Nasal Foreign Body date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1914 sentences = 104 flesch = 40 summary = Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viral particles have been shown to remain viable for up to 3 hours 10 , raising concern about risk of exposure for healthcare workers during aerosol generating procedures (APGs), including endoscopy, in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and upper airway. Prior to bringing the patient to the operating room, COVID-19 testing was pursued given concerns about the potential for asymptomatic infection in the pediatric population, and generation of aerosolized respiratory secretions during nasal endoscopy, suctioning and foreign body removal, in order to optimize protection of the perioperative care team and surgical staff. Preoperative planning and SARS-CoV2 testing is of particular importance for the pediatric population given the high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected children who are asymptomatic or exhibit minimal symptoms of COVID-19, but who may harbor significant viral loads in the nasopharynx and upper airway, placing healthcare workers at particular risk. cache = ./cache/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335355-lcrbs2op author = Kunutsor, Setor K. title = Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1007 sentences = 66 flesch = 50 summary = In this context, we aimed to determine the nature of the relationships of admission levels of five main markers of liver injury (ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) with the risk of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane library were searched from 2019 to 17 May 2020 for published studies reporting on relationships between admission levels of markers of liver injury (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin) and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Taking the overall evidence together, the data supports a higher prevalence of elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury in severe or mortality due to COVID-19 disease, which suggests that patients with elevated levels of liver markers at baseline (during admission) had higher risks of developing worse outcomes in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335252-med3c01q author = Fovet, Thomas title = Prisons confinées: quelles conséquences pour les soins psychiatriques et la santé mentale des personnes détenues en France? date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3647 sentences = 303 flesch = 52 summary = L'objectif de cet article est de décrire la réorganisation des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire en contexte de pandémie de Covid-19 et d'interroger les conséquences du confinement et des libérations anticipées sur la santé mentale des personnes détenues. L'objectif de cet article est de décrire la réorganisation des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire en contexte de pandémie de Covid-19 et d'interroger les conséquences du confinement et des libérations anticipées sur la santé mentale des personnes détenues. L'épidémie de Covid-19 semble avoir été plutôt contenue dans les prisons françaises au cours de la période de confinement mais le poids des mesures mises en place sur la population carcérale est important. L'épidémie de Covid-19 semble avoir été plutôt contenue dans les prisons françaises au cours de la période de confinement mais le poids des mesures mises en place sur la population carcérale est important. cache = ./cache/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335404-s48psqth author = Mukandavire, Zindoga title = Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3570 sentences = 183 flesch = 48 summary = We used a mathematical model to fit to the observed cases of COVID-19 in South Africa to estimate the basic reproductive number and critical vaccination coverage to control the disease for different hypothetical vaccine efficacy scenarios. Early model estimates show that COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa had a basic reproductive number of 2.95 (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.83–3.33). Here, we adapt a susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model to quantify early transmissibility of COVID-19 in South Africa and explore the potential utility of a vaccine in containing the disease. Following a similar approach in [37] , we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) within a Bayesian framework (in R FME package [38] ) to fit the model to the cumulative data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Africa and estimate the magnitude of the epidemic using the basic reproductive number and quantify required vaccines' attributes to stem similar outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335203-reek3z4e author = Salman, M. title = The psychological effects of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers and how they are coping: a web-based, cross-sectional study from Pakistan date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3116 sentences = 195 flesch = 58 summary = The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Brief-COPE were used to assess anxiety, depression and coping strategies of the respondents. In the present study, respondents' achieving score ≥ 10 on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were considered as having anxiety and depression, respectively. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Independent t-test and ANOVA test were performed, where applicable, to compare difference of anxiety, depression and coping strategies scores among demographic variables. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Similar to findings of recently published studies [18, 19] , stressors related to COVID-19 in our respondents included fear of getting infected with the deadly virus and transmitting it to their family members, poor relationship between family/relatives/friends and them induced by COVID-19, worry about public not complying with disease control measures, fear that the disease will not be controlled and persist in the country for a very long time, shortage of protective equipment, and apprehension over large-scale COVID-19 diagnostic testing not being done. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 1 : Anxiety and depression assessments based on respondents' demographics *P-value < 0.05; **P-value < 0.01; † P-value ≤ 0.001; One-way ANOVA was applied for three or more groups. cache = ./cache/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335373-17tcikxl author = Paul, Elisabeth title = COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3703 sentences = 229 flesch = 54 summary = ► The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented measures worldwide, which have often been adopted in an 'emergency' mode and are largely reactionary ► Alternatively, COVID-19 needs to be appraised as part of a much bigger health picture, adopting a "systems approach" that enables interactions with other acknowledged and preventable health conditions, which often receive disproportionately low attention ► To do so requires a paradigm shift in global health governance, from a specific reactional paradigm to a systemic, coordinated and preventive paradigm ► It is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to health reflecting both a security approach and a health development approach, tackling upstream causes and determinants, aimed at helping populations reduce their individual risk factors and augment their natural immunity ► Such preventive health policies must be tailored to local specificities and local environments, and health systems must be strengthened at the local level so as to be able to respond to population needs and expectations ► The current crisis calls for a paradigm shift in public and global health policies; and in the in the nexus between local, national and global health policies and systems cache = ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335316-x2t5h5gu author = Madariaga, M. L. L. title = Clinical predictors of donor antibody titer and correlation with recipient antibody response in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma clinical trial date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4328 sentences = 234 flesch = 47 summary = This was a prospective open label clinical study to assess the feasibility, safety and immunological impact of delivering anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma to hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older with severe or life-threatening COVID-19 disease within 21 days from the onset of their illness. Univariate regression analysis for antibody titer (anti-RBD and anti-spike) was conducted against age, sex, body mass index (BMI), previous pregnancy, previous blood donation, blood type, symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, abdominal pain, aguesia, anosmia, fatigue, myalgia, headache), co-morbidities (respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, diabetes, autoimmune disease, cancer, liver disease), smoking history, travel in the past 3 months to the United States, Asia or Europe, symptom duration, interval from symptoms resolution to plasma donation, and hospitalization. To determine predictors of anti-RBD and anti-spike antibody titer, we performed best subset multivariable analysis including age, sex, blood type, history of previous blood donation, fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, symptom duration, hospitalization and travel in the United States within the past 3 months. cache = ./cache/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335446-8l1vfsbc author = Liao, M. title = The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing date = 2020-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4710 sentences = 311 flesch = 55 summary = Here, we comprehensively characterized the lung immune microenvironment with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 severe and 3 mild COVID-19 patients and 8 previously reported healthy lung controls through single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) combined with TCR-seq. To characterize the immune microenvironment of the SARS-CoV-2-infected lung, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of single cells in the lung BALF (37, 820 cells) using the 10X Genomics platform, from 3 of recovered mild cases and 3 of severe cases ( Figure 1A , Table 1 ). Our data indicated that the monocytes are recruited from circulation (FCN1 + ) to the lung to fuel the inflammation during severe diseases, and some monocytes may further go through the differentiation process into the SPP1 + populations and eventually the FABP4 + AMs. robust and early T cell response played crucial roles in viral clearance during acute respiratory infections [14] . cache = ./cache/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335213-0cji7tzq author = Dowd, Jennifer Beam title = Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1990 sentences = 108 flesch = 50 summary = We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. Fig. 1 contains population pyramids to illustrate how population age structure interacts with high COVID-19 mortality rates at older ages to generate large differences across populations in the number of deaths, holding constant assumed rates of infection prevalence (10%) and age−sex-specific CFRs (Italy) (14) . cache = ./cache/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335465-sckfkciz author = Gupta, Rishi K. title = Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5052 sentences = 246 flesch = 33 summary = We aimed to address this knowledge gap by systematically evaluating the performance of proposed prognostic models, among consecutive patients hospitalised with a final diagnosis of COVID-19 at a single centre, when using predictors measured at the point of hospital admission. We also assessed the discrimination of each candidate model for standardised outcomes of: (a) our composite endpoint of clinical deterioration; and (b) mortality, across a range of pre-specified time horizons from admission (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission), by calculating time-dependent AUROCs (with cumulative sensitivity and dynamic specificity) [18] . In order to further benchmark the performance of candidate prognostic models, we then computed AUROCs for a limited number of univariable predictors considered to be of highest importance a priori, based on clinical knowledge and existing data, for prediction of our composite endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission). cache = ./cache/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335386-eflyypev author = Steinman, Jonathan Baruch title = Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5373 sentences = 287 flesch = 48 summary = Exploring why the pediatric population is generally far less likely to develop COVID-19, even though their rate of infection is similar to adults (10), may offer productive clues, enabling strategies for (1) Coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection due to cross-reactive T cell immunity and crossreactive antibody immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, and due to reduced ACE2 in nasal mucosa of children. A reasonable conjecture might be that, if ACE2 and/or TMPRSS2 expression is diminished in children, then viral infection of respiratory cells by SARS-CoV-2 might be less likely at any given viral load, and, additionally, there might be reduced expression of associated inflammatory modules. T[h]2 inflammation may predispose individuals to experience better COVID-19 outcomes through a decrease in airway levels of ACE2 that override any countervailing effect from increased expression of TMPRSS2." It is indeed surprising that the Th2 immune type associated with allergic diseases including asthma, and with eosinophilia, provides some protection to COVID-19 in children. cache = ./cache/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335272-jypxi99z author = Sharma, Anupam Joya title = A cross-sectional study of psychological wellbeing of Indian adults during the Covid-19 lockdown: Different strokes for different folks date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9794 sentences = 515 flesch = 52 summary = Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative study findings suggested that greater frequency of calling family members during lockdown could strengthen social relationships and increase social empathy. In response, our study of Indian adults unpacks how social factors such as sexual orientation, relationship status, and residence in high-infection areas, could be linked with several psychological outcomes during the lockdown. Next, we fitted separate multivariable linear regression models to estimate the association of the independent variables (sexual orientation, relationship status, high-risk group, and living in a state with high number of cases) with psychological outcomes (anxiety, depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and pornography consumption) adjusted for the sociodemographic covariates-age, gender, annual income, educational qualification, place of residence-and for individual personal resources (optimism and resilience). Our quantitative and qualitative findings both suggest that LGBT adults, compared to the heterosexuals, are at a higher risk of developing anxiety, depressive symptoms, and using pornography during the lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335175-7rvv2kzk author = Saqlain, M. title = Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4690 sentences = 304 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, the aim of study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among HCPs in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. Currently, there is scarce information regarding the awareness level of HCPs in Pakistan, Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the current status of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in Pakistan. The questionnaire was consisted of questions assessing demographics, information source, knowledge, attitude, practice toward COVID-19 and perceived barriers in infection control practice (Supplementary file 1). Despite of a prioritized global health emergency and availability of easily accessible sources provided by both national (National Institute of Health (NIH, Islamabad)) and international (WHO) healthcare authorities, these findings have shown knowledge gap among HCPs. This proportion (20%) is higher than other study that stated only 9.1% respondents have answered that flu vaccine could provide protection against COVID-19 [10] . Findings providing confidence as HCPs have good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice regarding COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335425-0wga3ch2 author = Abdulsalam, Mohammad A. title = Generalized Status Epilepticus as a Possible Manifestation of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 717 sentences = 53 flesch = 54 summary = He had no past medical history (no chronic diseases or medication) or any symptoms of COVID‐19; however, his brother reported that his roomate was diagnosed with COVID‐19 one day prior and went to a protective isolation institution. He had no past medical history (no chronic diseases or medication) or any symptoms of COVID-19; however, his brother reported that his roomate was diagnosed with COVID-19 one day prior and went to a protective isolation institution. We report a case of generalized status epilepticus as a possible initial manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Even though status epilepticus without a prior history of seizure or epilepsy is rare, different neurological manifestations, including seizures, are increasingly being documented with COVID-19 infection [1, 2] . De Novo Status Epilepticus in patients with COVID-19 Non-lesional status epilepticus in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: A case report cache = ./cache/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335351-8hdok02n author = Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal title = Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3792 sentences = 217 flesch = 56 summary = At the same time, identifying variables that identify subjects who require transfer to an ICU could also help clinicians risk stratify and triage patients as they present with their acute infections. To address these issues, we conducted a retrospective study of all subjects with Covid-19 admitted to our hospital in order a) to describe the epidemiology of needing transfer to the ICU subsequent to initial admission to the floor and b) to develop a risk tool to categorize these subjects based on variables accessed at time of original hospital presentation. This retrospective analysis indicates that nearly one in 5 patients with Covid-19 infection who are admitted to the floor upon hospital presentation will deteriorate and need transfer to the ICU. Neither baseline clinical factors at time of presentation to the hospital nor the CURB-65 score perform well as screening tests to categorize these subjects likely to progress to needing ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335257-4uwoe841 author = Cingolani, A. title = Baricitinib as rescue therapy in a patient with COVID-19 with no complete response to sarilumab date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2432 sentences = 110 flesch = 41 summary = A patient with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure, with insufficient response to an antiretroviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy, presented a prompt resolution of the respiratory function and improvement in the radiological picture after baricitinib at an oral dose of 4 mg per day for 2 weeks. To contribute to the correct timing of administration of baricitinib, we report the case of a patient with a respiratory failure linked to COVID-19, with only partial improvement after sarilumab, who had a favorable outcome after 2 weeks of consequent oral treatment with the anti-Janus kinasis (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor baricitinib. The clinical and radiological evolution during sarilumab and baricitinib treatments according to respiratory, inflammatory and plasma cytokine parameters are reported in Fig. 1 . We presented here the case of a 71-year-old male patients with COVID19, who had an incomplete response to local standardized treatment and intravenous IL-6 antagonist drug (sarilumab) who performed a successful rescue therapy with baricitinib. cache = ./cache/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335518-ti889uye author = Vianya-Estopa, Marta title = Contact lens wear and care in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3959 sentences = 203 flesch = 55 summary = Modifiable factors that need particular attention in Spain include: handwashing for at least 20 seconds before lens handling, drying hands with single use paper towels, including a rub-and-rinse step for reusable lenses, lens case cleaning and renewal, avoidance of water exposure and when to cease lens wear during the pandemic. The aim of the current study was to evaluate by means of a survey the behaviours associated with contact lens wear (compliance with hand hygiene and adherence to contact lens wear and care recommendations) as well as to elucidate the best ways to support wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. The questions related to lens care disinfection and lens case care were only displayed if the participant used reusable CLs. The final section focused on assessing concerns J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f associated with contact lens wear and ways to best support wearers during the COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335477-po201szv author = O'Leary, Fenton title = Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3200 sentences = 181 flesch = 57 summary = OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. The aim of this study was to identify the number of staff contacts and AGPs with patients in the Paediatric ED over a 24 hour period and attribute PPE required according to the NSW CEC guideline and compare this to the PPE required based on staff zone allocations. Estimated PPE requirements for each of the three levels of risk of infection and transmission based on staff roles and zone allocations are described in Table 3 -supplementary file and based on patient contacts and procedures in Table 4 -supplementary file. cache = ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335265-kuc3v5m9 author = Elghazawy, Hagar title = Implementation of breast cancer continuum of care in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7088 sentences = 352 flesch = 41 summary = • Healthcare workers are at high risk of being infected with the virus; at least 2629 were infected, of whom 8.3% died, since the onset of the outbreak in Italy [43] ; • Use extensive infection control measures and personal protective equipment when dealing with infected patients [44, 45] ; • Reduce direct communication by using cyberspace capacities to communicate with each other and the patients, and perform virtual MDT meetings [37] ; • Divide BC teams (surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, technicians) into tandem operation teams (ideally 50% on-site, 50% off-site) to reduce risk of exposure to infection with ideally regular alternation every 2 weeks (to overcome the incubation period of the 14-day half-life of SARS-CoV-2) [30] ; • Supply pathologists who perform fine-needle aspiration of breast lesions with enhanced biosafety precautions (i.e., procedure room with adequate ventilation, hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment including surgical mask, eye protection and gown) if possible, because they may be at increased risk for exposure to infected droplets [46] ; • Extend the infusion unit and radiation therapy working hours from early morning to late evening, to accommodate any delayed patients with appropriate distancing and isolation [32] ; • Support the presence of organizations that can provide oncological home care, applying 'double triage' protocol to ensure the continuity of care and protect healthcare professionals from the exposure to infection [47] ; • Allocate older healthcare workers and those with comorbidities to off-site duties, if possible [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335323-p7cv79ig author = DeSerres, Joshua J. title = Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4205 sentences = 217 flesch = 44 summary = The authors have proposed an algorithm for management of CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that urgent and emergent CMF injuries are addressed appropriately while optimizing the safety of surgeons and other healthcare providers. So far there has been a significant mortality of otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists in the Wuhan region, thought to be related to exposure to aerosolized virus from the nasal and oral airway mucosa from high risk procedures such as CMF trauma and sinus operations and in some patients despite the use of N95 masks. 19, 20 Given that the majority of CMF trauma procedures involve violation of the mucosa of the oral cavity and sinuses, these patients place the surgeons and the remainder of the operating room staff at high risk of exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335185-3qi29i6n author = Hendry, Bruce M. title = Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2474 sentences = 157 flesch = 38 summary = It is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and through Adenosine A2A Receptor‐mediated pathways reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma and may act to reduce tissue damage during the cytokine storm host response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. 13 The actions of pentoxifylline in reducing lung damage appear to be mediated by its effect on the adenosine receptor A2AR pathways. 28 The predominant effect of pentoxifylline via A2AR pathways on both lung macrophages and immune cells is anti-inflammatory, with reduced TNF alpha, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 levels and increased Interleukin-10 levels. 29 If the theoretical therapeutic benefit of pentoxifylline for COVID-19 based on its anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor effect is clinically demonstrable, it may prove to be an inexpensive, and readily available, treatment strategy to target harmful cytokine excess in this disease. Pentoxifylline is an inexpensive and widely available oral anti-tumour necrosis factor agent for prevention or treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335516-om7w8y0t author = Larsen, Julie Brogaard title = Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1363 sentences = 95 flesch = 52 summary = A meta-analysis by Lippi et al, 10 including nine studies with more than 1,700 COVID-19 patients in total, reported a significant association between thrombocytopenia at admission and severe disease. Platelet counts were significantly lower in severely ill patients (weighted mean difference: -31.5  10 9 /L) and were associated with increased mortality in a subgroup analysis. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis Clinical course and outcome of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection in 107 patients discharged from the Wuhan hospital Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335510-eojmipzy author = Boeckmans, Joost title = COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1390 sentences = 85 flesch = 43 summary = Recent reports point to the fact that liver injury, by means of increased aminotransferase levels, more frequently occurred in severe COVID-19 cases compared to patients with mild symptoms Guan et al. Retrospective analysis of the earlier-reported SARS-CoV, causing the 'severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)' and also infecting humans via ACE2, showed that the disease was accompanied by abnormal liver function which could be due to viral replication in the liver (Cui et al. It has been reported that patients suffering from certain viral infections, such as infections caused by hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, are more prone for developing drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially when associated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (Naidoo et al. Furthermore, these patients often suffer from the metabolic syndrome, which is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity cache = ./cache/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335560-fe4ixqdv author = Pareek, Manish title = Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 40 flesch = 40 summary = As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues advancing globally, reporting of clinical outcomes and risk factors for intensive care unit admission and mortality are emerging. 1 Striking differences between Chinese and Italian mortality indicate ethnicity might affect disease outcome, but there is little to no data to support or refute this. Individuals from different ethnic backgrounds vary in behaviours, comorbidities, immune profiles, and risk of infection, as exemplified by the increased morbidity and mortality in black and minority ethnic (BME) communities in previous pandemics. Only two (7%) of 29 publications reported ethnicity disaggregated data (both were case series without outcomes specific to ethnicity). BME communities might be at increased risk of acquisition, disease severity, and poor outcomes in COVID-19 for several reasons (figure). Specific ethnic groups, such as south Asians, have higher rates of some comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which have been associated with severe disease and mortality in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335578-u8b66oos author = Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina title = Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Is a Real Challenge for Brazil date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1662 sentences = 93 flesch = 56 summary = Approximately 56 days after the first case reported in China, on February 26, Brazil officially registered its first patient with COVID-19: a 61-year-old man living in São Paulo who had recently returned from a trip to Italy. Twenty days after the first reported case (March 17, 2020), Brazil registered the first death by COVID-19 in a 62-year-old man with diabetes and heart disease (8). In this regard, another critical aspect is the difference in population adherence to social isolation measures in the different cities and states of the country (14) . The Brazilian scientific community and healthcare workers are working hard to provide support for political health measures to address COVID-19 (15, 16) . COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases Datadriven study of the COVID-19 pandemic via age-structured modelling and prediction of the health system failure in Brazil amid diverse intervention-strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335550-l7opl6b1 author = Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie title = Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2320 sentences = 155 flesch = 54 summary = 14 Both the restriction of non-urgent clinical services and the precipitous decline in Emergency Department attendances will affect marginalised groups disproportionately by restricting access to care 6 and therefore exacerbating health inequalities. In terms of public messaging, although some channels are beginning to nuance advice, such as 'for lifethreatening emergencies, call 999 for an ambulance', there is an urgent need to communicate clearly and in lay language so that those with emergency health needs should continue to attend Emergency Departments or use other NHS services such as general practices and urgent care centres. 16 To address this, NHS employers have been mandated to increase testing to support staff retention, 17 provide more comprehensive personal protective equipment 18 and clearly communicate pay arrangements for instances of self-isolation. 34 As the first deaths among clinicians are announced with a disproportionate number of deaths in health professionals from minority ethnic backgrounds, there will be intense post hoc scrutiny of systematic differences between groups and whether the NHS adequately protected its staff. cache = ./cache/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335549-fzusgbww author = Newby, J. title = Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5975 sentences = 329 flesch = 55 summary = Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. People with a previous self-reported mental health diagnosis reported higher uncertainty, loneliness, 269 financial worries, COVID-19 fears (self and others), believed they were more likely to contract 270 had lower perceived behavioural control, had higher rates of psychological distress, health anxiety and 271 contamination fears, and lower physical activity than those without a self-reported mental health diagnosis 272 history. Having a personal history of chronic illness was a consistent predictor of higher depression, 366 anxiety and stress, whereas better self-rated health was associated with better mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335539-jc97qxm9 author = Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda title = Letter to the Editor Regarding: “An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)” —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 689 sentences = 46 flesch = 59 summary = title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: "An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 Of paramount concern is transmission from asymptomatic but infected caregivers via secondhand aerosol (SHA) from e-cigarettes and secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible tobacco products to the most vulnerable groupsindividuals who are older and individuals with comorbidities. Given that viral loads in aerosols may survive for hours and land on surfaces on which COVID-19 remains viable for days, 8 SHA and SHS may increase the reach and transmission of COVID-19 in smokers' homes to older and younger household members. This is because after SHA and SHS dissipates, thirdhand aerosol (THA) and thirdhand smoke (THS) settles in dust and on surfaces. cache = ./cache/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335642-i0a1si8k author = Lozada-Martínez, Ivan title = Letter to the Editor: ”Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care” date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 578 sentences = 33 flesch = 50 summary = title: Letter to the Editor: "Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care" Some authors who have reported the execution of similar changes point out that these transformations have implied real challenges, since they have needed to be rapidly trained in critical care to be able to establish and provide quality support treatment. This consensus in particular sets a road map for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 in a didactic way, as well as a protocol to be followed in intensive care units to facilitate the patient admission process, triage establishment, isolation management, disinfection of the medical equipment and the environment, waste disposal, highly specialized personal protective equipment use, airway management, and ventilatory support, and finally evaluation of neurologic diseases such as stroke, epileptic status, and neuroimmune and neuromuscular diseases, among others. cache = ./cache/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335593-cjb0daps author = Romagnolo, Alberto title = Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3430 sentences = 167 flesch = 36 summary = However, no data have been reported yet on the prevalence and the association with infection severity of pre-existing neurological comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of neurological pre-existing comorbidities in a large cohort of patients admitted to ER and diagnosed with COVID-19, estimating their association with infection severity. Patients with neurological comorbidity showed an OR of 2.3 of suffering from severe COVID-19, even after including age and other clinical and demographic characteristics in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, our study reports the prevalence of different neurological diseases in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19, assessing their association with the infection severity. In our sample, patients with pre-existing neurological diseases showed a significantly higher risk for severe infection, in particular when associated with other comorbidities, suggesting that this population deserves a thorough evaluation since the earliest phases of overt or suspected COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335640-5qwoe4x6 author = Abdi, Seifollah title = COVID-19 sends STEMI to quarantine!? date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 578 sentences = 36 flesch = 52 summary = In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), termed "novel COVID-19", emerged in China and was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 [1] . In Iran, 24/7 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the standard treatment strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] was launched in September 2015 to achieve a fair distribution of healthcare resources. Currently, 49 general and heart hospitals provide these services, with 48 915 patients having undergone primary PCI thus far. According to recent reports [8] [9] [10] , the number of patients undergoing primary PCI and acute coronary syndrome admissions have also dropped significantly in other countries. Relation of lowering door-to-balloon time and mortality in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention cache = ./cache/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335610-3v8140b6 author = Prasanth, D. S. N. B. K. title = In silico identification of potential inhibitors from Cinnamon against main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5031 sentences = 310 flesch = 49 summary = Our research study is intended to recognize the phyto-derived antiviral substances from Cinnamon against COVID-19 main protease enzyme and to understand the in silico molecular basis of its activity. Based on the above properties of Cinnamon, this research aimed to show a variety of active compounds across all Cinnamon varities and decide whether and how they interact with proteins i.e. main protease (Joshi et al., 2020) and spike protein, that are essential in the management of SARS-CoV-2. The crystal structure of Main protease (6LU7) and Spike receptor-binding domain complexed with its receptor ACE2 (6LZG) with selected top ligands identified from docking analysis such as Tenufolin (TEN) and Pavetannin C1 (PAV) were subjected to molecular dynamics using gromacs GPU enabled package. The main protease with tenufolin Spike protein (6LZG), associated with SARS was found to exhibit the best possible interaction with Pavetannin C1 (À11.1 kcal/mol) among the phytochemicals ( Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335648-lbmhprjn author = Estrich, Cameron G. title = Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4197 sentences = 207 flesch = 49 summary = Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. As early as March 2020, Journal of Dental Research published the infection control guidelines that dentists at Wuhan University used, 7 and, in April and May 2020, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, released interim guidance on infection control protocols and changes to the practice and office environments. In this article, we used the first month of study data to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among US dentists and to determine the rate of compliance with CDC and ADA infection prevention and control procedures. 14, 15 Respondents who reported providing oral health care in the past month were asked about infection prevention or control procedures in their primary dental practice. cache = ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author = Zachariah, Rony title = Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2780 sentences = 136 flesch = 51 summary = title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries' Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic "The operational research training I received from TDR and its partners has been invaluable as it has enabled me to transfer the skills I acquired while conducting research on Ebola to my current work on COVID-19"-Dr James Squire, Ministry of Health, Sierra Leone. SORT IT is a global partnership-based initiative led by TDR, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and implemented with various partners including ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academic institutions [1] . Of those who responded, 417 from 72 countries were actively involved in the COVID-19 response and 307 (74%) from 60 countries were applying their skills acquired from SORT IT courses to tackle the pandemic ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335720-pfo5oup7 author = Riley, William T title = National Institutes of Health social and behavioral research in response to the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2863 sentences = 128 flesch = 30 summary = Research: The National Institutes of Health has developed a range of behavioral and social science research initiatives to address the evaluation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, their economic, social, and health impacts, interventions to bridge health care access disruptions, and the uptake and interpretation of virus testing, particularly in vulnerable and underserved communities. Early in the pandemic, NIH institutes, centers, and offices issued several calls for research using rapid funding mechanisms to communicate interest and priorities addressing research questions regarding mitigation effects, economic, and social impacts, downstream health effects, and the disproportionate effects in vulnerable and health disparities populations. The Social, Behavioral, and Economic Impacts of COVID-19, Particularly in Vulnerable and Health Disparities Populations Workgroup has developed funding opportunities to implement and evaluate digital and community-based interventions to extend the health care workforce, bridge health care access limitations, and engage communities to understand and reduce the adverse impacts of the pandemic on the health of underserved and vulnerable populations (NOT-MH-20-53, https://grants.nih. cache = ./cache/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335744-haj5a7tf author = Chibbaro, Salvatore title = How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1695 sentences = 67 flesch = 42 summary = In fact, the geographical characteristics of our region and the strong bond with other units allowed us to transfer critical patients a few kilometers away to Germany, a country with more ICU beds available, and to other centers in our region where elective neurosurgical practice had not been disrupted as much as in Strasbourg. Internally, we had to face difficult choices due to the intense competition for surgical theaters between multiple specialties, the constant influx of neurosurgical emergencies and, last but not least, the need to keep up with our centralization of neuro-oncology cases. Finally, anticipating the possible medico-legal consequences of the crisis and to ensure accountability in all our decisions, our neurosurgical department established a COVID-19 period "Registry", which hopefully will enable us to monitor the clinical progression of our patients and provide data for better understanding the impact of the pandemic on our surgical practice. cache = ./cache/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335619-t3yv5y7h author = Wang, Song-mi title = Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in 299 Hospitalized Children with Hemato-oncological Diseases: A Multicenter Survey in Hubei, China date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 131 flesch = 48 summary = A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics, lung CT scan, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test and serum antibodies of hospitalized children with hemato-oncological diseases from January 23 to April 24, 2020. A cross-sectional study was performed to inves-tigate the SARS-CoV-2 infection status of children with hemato-oncological diseases hospitalized in three medical institutions from January 23 to April 24, 2020. The findings of this study showed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in enrolled children with hematological malignancies was 0.33%. Zhang [3] reported that 53.6% of COVID-19infected cancer patients had serious clinical events, with a mortality rate of 28.6%. Therefore, for patients with hematological malignancies, the possibility of COVID-19 cannot be ruled out by negative antibody detection, which needs to be combined with multiple nucleic acid test, epidemiological history, and lung imaging to assist in the diagnosis. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335653-t3pvm8f9 author = Escalon, Miguel X. title = The immediate impact of the Coronavirus pandemic and resulting adaptations in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation medical education and practice date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4922 sentences = 273 flesch = 48 summary = The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused PM&R to revisit traditional routines in medical education and adapt to new practices to enhance educational experiences while still maintaining safe social distance between physicians, trainees and patients. In an attempt to capture the mood and environment of the time, and inform the survey, the investigators compiled experiences and feelings of COVID-19's effects on the landscape of the field of physiatry from persons committed to the field: a medical student, an intern, a resident, a residency program director and a department chair. The survey was designed to provide a series of questions customized to the responder's level of education (Medical Student, Intern, Resident/Fellow or Attending Physician). While some PM&R residents, including many in New York City, would ultimately participate in acute medical care of persons with COVID-19 due to high disease burden on their institutions, 3 the majority of the country shifted their focus to inpatient rehabilitation and remote clinical management, as evidenced by our survey results. cache = ./cache/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335768-ry5boej6 author = Chauhan, Shaylika title = Comprehensive review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4382 sentences = 242 flesch = 55 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province and has rapidly spread all over the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of May 12, 2020, as shown in Fig. 1 , this has evolved into a pandemic affecting 187 countries/regions with 1, 484, 811 cases in the world with maximum being in USA(1, 347,936) followed by 227,436 in Spain and 224, 422 in United Kingdom at the time of writing .6 It is an un-precedented global health crisis with 286,355 deaths since the virus was first reported. Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) d United States cache = ./cache/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335711-15gjv6ae author = Viganò, Chiara title = COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 535 sentences = 35 flesch = 53 summary = title: COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), significant concern arises from the widespread use of immunosuppressive therapies, 1 yet preliminary data do not indicate a worse clinical course. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adult IBD patients followed in our center in Lombardy, aimed at defining prevalence and risk factors for acquiring the infection. Because during the study period virologic testing was available only for inpatients or health care workers besides laboratory confirmed diagnosis, we also included probable cases according to WHO reccomendations (ie, occurrence of an acute respiratory illness AND residence in a high-prevalence area or contact with a COVID-19 case). Diarrhea was the presenting symptom in 26 (49%) patients, and significantly more cases reported diarrhea compared with non-COVID-19 patients (OR, 29; P < 0.0001), independently from disease activity at multiple regression analysis (suppl Table 2 ). Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD). cache = ./cache/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335625-z9ifjsil author = Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title = Lithium Toxicity in Two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1669 sentences = 124 flesch = 49 summary = Herein, we are reporting the clinical features and outcomes of two patients with COVID-19 who initially presented with signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. We report two patients initially presented with acute lithium intoxication in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The second patient had mild COVID-19 infection but complicated with AKI and lithium intoxication. Our report may point out that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with psychiatric illness and taking lithium are similar to those of the general population. Some patients may be quarantined at home due to mild symptoms of COVID-19 but at risk of lethal complications from medication toxicity. Prompt recognition and treatment of medication toxicity will prevent patients' morbidity and mortality. Patients with psychiatric illness and taking lithium may have similar clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 compared to those without. cache = ./cache/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335918-uc225mhn author = nan title = COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1484 sentences = 89 flesch = 45 summary = Representatives from multiple cancer, surgical and research organizations have come together to provide a guide for triaging patients with thoracic malignancies, as the impact of COVID-19 evolves as each hospital. Thoracic oncology decisions are further complicated by the fact most of the patients with lung, esophageal and other thoracic malignancies would be considered to be a "high risk" group for poor outcomes with COVID-19 (advanced age, emphysema, heart disease). We have assembled a document to offer guidance, intended to facilitate these difficult decisions when caring for patients with thoracic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic (Table 1) . There are nuances to each patient's management approach (i.e. proceeding with surgery, delaying surgery, or pursuing alternative treatment) that will impact risk tolerance for both patient and surgeon. Effects of Delayed Surgical Resection on Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes in Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cache = ./cache/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335792-1yjope1j author = Osho, Asishana A. title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2505 sentences = 125 flesch = 43 summary = SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. In cases where respiratory failure is extreme enough to preclude adequate gas exchange despite patient optimization and optimal mechanical ventilation, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) may serve as an additional supportive therapy in our limited arsenal against COVID-19. Several absolute contraindications to ECMO cannulation in COVID-19 patients were identified including age >60 years, multisystem organ failure, active malignancy, pre-existing chronic cardiac, pulmonary (not including asthma) or hepatic disease, unknown or guarded neurologic status, and severe neutropenia (Absolute Neutrophil Count <1000/mm 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335767-omm04fg5 author = Raabe, Vanessa N title = Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1468 sentences = 57 flesch = 32 summary = Not only do children and the medical community lose out on opportunities to gain the highest level of clinical evidence for efficacy in a vulnerable population, but due to the lack of availability of pediatric trials, many children hospitalized for COVID-19 are receiving off-label use of therapeutic agents with unproven benefit against COVID-19. In addition to offering enhanced safety monitoring, enrollment of children in clinical trials ensures that parents and older children are fully informed of the potential risks and benefits associated with use of the therapeutic agent, a conversation often omitted when medications are prescribed off-label. Inclusion of children in these clinical trials is feasible under current regulations, provides direct benefit to pediatric trial participants from a safety perspective compared to off-label prescribing, and provides systematic collection of the highest quality of evidence for COVID-19 therapeutics in a vulnerable population where SARS-CoV-2 infection behaves differently from adults. cache = ./cache/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335576-b34nc3ay author = Tsai, Andrew title = Impact of tocilizumab administration on mortality in severe COVID-19 date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2917 sentences = 180 flesch = 44 summary = Patients were stratified according to the receipt of tocilizumab for cytokine storm and matched to controls using propensity scores. The current analysis does not support the use of tocilizumab for the management of cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the clinical outcome of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab in a single medical center. Subsequently, propensity score matching was performed to account for treatment strategy influenced by confounding by indication (the tendency of clinicians to prescribe tocilizumab in patients perceived to have cytokine storm and worsening trajectory). Currently Food and Drug Administration approved for use in the management of rheumatoid conditions and cytokine release storm-related to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, tocilizumab has gained momentum as a potentially effective option in reducing IL-6 associated fevers and preventing clinical deterioration in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335894-6m0nnufu author = Ceriello, Antonio title = Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4149 sentences = 227 flesch = 44 summary = Moreover, there are also several other conditions (described in the course of the article), commonly present in diabetes, which can expose people with diabetes Open Access Cardiovascular Diabetology *Correspondence: antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it 1 IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article and COVID-19 at high risk for complications. Furthermore, a large proportion of people with diabetes has asymptomatic coronary artery disease [45, 46] which can increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and arrhythmia during the COVID-19 due to proinflammatory process, hypercoagulability and sympathetic stimulation. In the case of COVID-19 people with diabetes are more exposed to cardiovascular complications, which may be more challenging to manage [74, 75] . Improved outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335597-anrzcsrt author = nan title = 44. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14629 sentences = 921 flesch = 49 summary = Conclusions: In this study assessing the prognostic relevance of pulmonary exercise hemodynamics in patients with systemic sclerosis, PVR and TPR at peak exercise as well as mPAP/CO-slope and TPG/CO-slope turned out as age-independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Later-line treatment with lorlatinib in ALKand ROS1-rearrangement-positive NSCLC: a retrospective, multicenter analysis Background: Anti-fibrotic medication is effective in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD), but a subgroup of fibrotic ILD patients also benefits from immunomodulatory therapies. Methods: HRCT of 127 subsequent single-center ILDboard patients (mean age 65 (standard deviation 14) years, 65 % male), were evaluated for radiological findings considered noninflammatory (reticulation including honeycombing (RET), traction bronchiectasis (TBR), emphysema (EMP)) or active inflammatory (consolidations (CON), ground glass opacities (GGO), noduli (NDL), mosaic attenuation (MOS)) in 6 distinct lung regions. cache = ./cache/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335733-u1g03s2y author = Lakshmanan, Hari Hara Sudhan title = Design of a Microfluidic Bleeding Chip to Evaluate Antithrombotic Agents for Use in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3488 sentences = 191 flesch = 43 summary = Since limited in vitro methods exist for assessing the effects of anticoagulants on hemostasis, the development of novel therapies to safely prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients relies on preclinical animal models and early phase human trials. METHODS: The design of the microfluidic device consists of two orthogonal channels: an inlet that serves as a model blood vessel, and a bleeding channel to model hemostatic plug formation at sites of compromised endothelial barrier function. RESULTS: Perfusion of human whole blood through the microfluidic bleeding chip led to initial platelet adhesion and aggregation at the pillars followed by hemostatic plug formation and occlusion of the bleeding channel. While the most clinically relevant conclusions regarding the safety of anticoagulants will ultimately be learned through clinical trials, in vitro models hold potential usefulness in revealing early safety and efficacy signals to guide future anticoagulant development of agents to prevent thrombosis in COV-ID-19 patients without compromising hemostasis. cache = ./cache/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335676-7ak53hto author = Meftahi, Gholam Hossein title = The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of “inflame-aging” date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8208 sentences = 435 flesch = 43 summary = It seems that "cytokine storm" phenomenon in elderly patients with severe COVID-19 infection, is associated with many age-related pathophysiologic processes, including alteration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression [9] , excess ROS production [10] , alteration of autophagy [11] , the inflammatory phenotype of senescent cell activity, particularly adipose tissue [12] , and immune-senescence [13] , as well as lack of vitamin D content [14] . As shown in Fig. 2 , several factors, including alteration of ACE2 receptor expression, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, senescent adipocytes activity, alteration of autophagy and mitophagy, immune-senescent, as well as vitamin D (VD) deficiency, may associate "inflame-aging" to cytokine storm in elderly patients of COVID-19. Furthermore, the lack of VD in aged subjects is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells, leading to likely increasing the risk of elderly adults with chronic mild inflammation condition [122] . cache = ./cache/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335838-n1184x8g author = Hsu, Caroline M. title = COVID-19 in Dialysis Patients: Outlasting and Outsmarting a Pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1565 sentences = 76 flesch = 39 summary = In this issue of Kidney International, three reports highlight the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 on dialysis patients, noting its high prevalence, particularly among in-center dialysis patients. Accordingly, it is imperative that the kidney community intervene to reduce the threat of COVID-19 in the vulnerable population by focusing on modifiable factors, including universal masking of patients and staff and enhanced screening, including testing asymptomatic patients for COVID-19 in times of high local prevalence. In Europe and much of Asia, aggressive steps were taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in the general population, with institution of mandatory physical distancing policies in times of high community spread, implementation of mandatory masking policies, and broad availability of contact tracing and testing, including among asymptomatic individuals, with resultant substantial reductions in mortality. In conclusion, the studies published in this issue of Kidney International highlight not only the high risk of developing COVID-19 among in-center hemodialysis patients but also the severe consequences of COVID-19 in this population, with 20% mortality among dialysis patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335815-51ih0b2y author = Lei, Lei title = Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4655 sentences = 219 flesch = 51 summary = This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. In general, the high levels of anxiety and depression were associated with severe economic loss and low self-perceived health condition, and people living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS sum scores than those living in Yunnan Province. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author = Kuhar, Hannah N. title = Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4690 sentences = 246 flesch = 41 summary = 5 Regarding surgical management of otolaryngologic cases, it is recommended that patient COVID-19 status be determined ahead of surgery, that high-risk operations be performed in negativepressure operating rooms with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by all staff, and that only essential staff be in the operating room for intubation and extubation. Immediately following the present study period of data collection (March 18-April 8, 2020), with the increasing availability of PPE, OHNS departments across all 3 centers developed standardized protocols for universal use of aerosol-protective PPE for all AGPs, regardless of the patient's COVID-19 status. From the experience of OHNS departments at pediatric and adult academic medical centers, we identified availability of rapid COVID-19 testing and adequate aerosol-protective PPE to be significant limitations to operationalizing society recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335855-bifx2nu9 author = Herrmann, Jacob title = Modeling lung perfusion abnormalities to explain early COVID-19 hypoxemia date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5612 sentences = 318 flesch = 46 summary = Herein, a mathematical model demonstrates that the large amount of pulmonary venous admixture observed in patients with early COVID-19 can be reasonably explained by a combination of pulmonary embolism, ventilation-perfusion mismatching in the noninjured lung, and normal perfusion of the relatively small fraction of injured lung. Given a relatively small fraction of injured lung, with F inj ranging from 0 to 30%, both a complete shunt (i.e., zero oxygen uptake) and reversal of HPV (i.e., vasodilation in injured regions) are necessary conditions for F shu :F inj > 2 and P a O 2 :F i O 2 < 300 mmHg. By contrast, impairment of HPV alone is not sufficient to produce reported levels of severe hypoxemia at low values of F inj 1 . Therefore it appears unlikely that the degree of pulmonary shunt reported in COVID-19 patients (F shu = 50% and F shu :F inj = 3) could occur without a substantial degree of vasodilation and hyperperfusion in the small fraction of injured lung, if one also assumes there is negligible venous admixture from other mechanisms producing ventilation-perfusion mismatching. cache = ./cache/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335893-9cb8f2ds author = Masud, Dhalia title = Resuming autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1167 sentences = 77 flesch = 50 summary = In view of the associated increased mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. In view of the associated increased mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. In view of the associated mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. We developed an evidence based pathway that selected low risk patients and then minimised their potential pre-operative and inpatient COVID-19 exposure. Low risk patients attend a pre-operative virtual forum consultation with surgeons, specialist nurses and physiotherapists. Breast reconstruction with immediate autologous free tissue transfer in a peri-operative COVID-19 positive patient: a case report illustrating feasibility of aftercare. cache = ./cache/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335795-hdko0zdw author = Wamsley, Christine E title = Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in an Academic Institution: The Unforeseen Benefits of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5004 sentences = 254 flesch = 47 summary = Age, type of visit, no-show rates, and geographic distance of the patient's residence from UTSW for telehealth and in-person ambulatory scheduled encounters from January 1, 2020, through April 30, 2020, which were available to the UTSW community, were gathered and analyzed. The percentage of new patients seen From January through April 2020, 3313 (7.9%) of the scheduled appointments were telephone visits, and 38,510 (92.1%) were virtual care encounters, which included both audio and video ( Figure 3) . Whether this is due to the relaxed regulations at the state and federal levels, increased provider comfort with the technology, or increased patient awareness of the available platform, the data show that telehealth may be utilized not only to care for established patients but as a resource for bringing in new patients to our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335916-fh28qrt7 author = Liu, Cuiwei title = COVID-19 in cancer patients: risk, clinical features, and management date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 189 flesch = 40 summary = Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of more severe COVID-19 symptoms, which is possibly due to the systemic immunosuppressive state caused directly by tumor growth and indirectly by effects of anticancer treatment. Another cohort study of 28 COVID-19 cancer patients reported that patients with Stage IV disease accounted for a higher percentage of infected patients (35.7%), suggesting that later stage cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 5 . Notably, a retrospective study of 28 COVID-19 cancer patients found that anti-cancer treatment within 14 days before COVID-19 diagnosis was more frequently associated with severe clinical events due to SARS-CoV-2 infection 5 . The higher proportion of COVID-19 patients with cancer requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation may be related to more severe disease and an immunosuppressive state in cancer patients, who are more susceptible to secondary lung infection with other pathogens. cache = ./cache/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336005-nm34bfsl author = Mahan, Keenan title = Abdominal pain in a patient with COVID-19 infection: A case of multiple thromboemboli date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 886 sentences = 68 flesch = 46 summary = Although there appears to be an increased incidence of thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 infection, recommendations regarding anticoagulation are lacking. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with clinically significant venous and arterial thromboemboli in the setting of COVID-19 infection requiring tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In addition, there is no clear guidance as to whether anticoagulation should be initiated for emergency department (ED) patients with presumed COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer. The patient's CXR demonstrated bilateral peripheral opacities consistent with COVID-19 infection ( Figure 1 ) and her D-dimer returned elevated at 8,264ng/mL. Based on the patient's hypoxemia, persistent tachycardia, and marked D-dimer elevation, we ordered a CT pulmonary angiogram which revealed multiple filling defects in the thoracic and abdominal aorta representing thromboemboli as well as diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities in the lungs (Figure 2) . Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335859-k37jivp6 author = Wu, Daphne C. title = Predictors of self-reported symptoms and testing for COVID-19 in Canada using a nationally representative survey date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3112 sentences = 160 flesch = 52 summary = To understand the socio-demographic predictors of COVID symptoms, we conducted a logistic regression analysis where the outcome was self-reported symptoms suggestive of COVID infection which we defined in this study as the respondent reporting himself/herself and/or at least one member of the household having had a combination of fever (with or without hallucinations) and any of i) difficulty breathing/shortness of breath or ii) dry cough so severe that it disrupts sleep or iii) a loss of a sense of smell in the past month; and the explanatory variables were gender (male, female, or other), education level (high school and under, or some college/ university and higher), province, age, ethnicity (Indigenous, English and other European, or others), visible minority (defined as persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are nonwhite in race or colour) [6] , and number of household members. cache = ./cache/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335951-m1e9raz3 author = Rojek, A. title = A cross-sectional study of patients presenting for hospital-based screening for COVID-19: risk of disease, and healthcare access preferences. date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2495 sentences = 147 flesch = 59 summary = We assessed the proportion of patients who met screening criteria; self-reported symptom severity; reasons why they came to the ED for screening; views on community-based models of care; and sources of information accessed about COVID-19. Conclusions: if we are to ensure that emergency departments can cope with the likely surge in presentations requiring resuscitation or inpatient care COVID-19, we should strengthen access to alternative services to triage patients to prevent unnecessary presentations at health services, and to direct those who are well but require screening away from EDs. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) risks placing "overwhelming demands on our health system". Unnecessary presentations for testing during this phase places additional strain on the public health service, including EDs. As we enter the pandemic phase of SARS-CoV-2, it will become critically important that the right patient is assessed, and then if necessary, treated at the right facility. cache = ./cache/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335942-izl6nrsa author = Mitra, Manasij title = A Study on Challenges to Health Care Delivery Faced by Cancer Patients in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2744 sentences = 135 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: Slot availability for teleconsultation, network issues, deferral of radiotherapy dates and long waiting hours beyond appointment time, transportation problems from residence to hospital, restriction of visitors/attendants, deferral of surgery, deferral of tumor boards, delay and deferral of advice of the nutritionist, problems faced in extension of visa, unavailability of peer group support services and psychological counseling sessions, difficulty in maintaining precautionary measures, availability of chemotherapy medications and availability of chemotherapy slots in day care were cited as problems faced by cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336039-s2alwzov author = Lebrasseur, Audrey title = Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6133 sentences = 528 flesch = 52 summary = The objective of this paper was to review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated 228 isolation and protective measures on people with physical disabilities. Multiple studies have been 229 conducted since the start of this global pandemic, with more than 40 000 papers resulting from 230 people with visual and hearing impairments, may be less susceptible to medical complications 254 due to COVID-19 than people with neurological disabilities. Another limitation of this review is the lengthy 323 publishing process of some journals, which might result in a lack of studies about the impact of 324 COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities in the short term. Our review also underlines the lack of research about the impacts of the 336 COVID-19 pandemic on people with physical disabilities, a population that is too often forgotten 337 in governmental decisions 62 and that should be included in future crisis strategies and response 338 planning 63 . cache = ./cache/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336053-cjq7szcn author = Mottola, Filiberto Fausto title = Cardiovascular System in COVID-19: Simply a Viewer or a Leading Actor? date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5639 sentences = 268 flesch = 41 summary = Several studies have observed a relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the cardiovascular system with the appearance of myocardial damage, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure and various arrhythmic manifestations, as well as an increase in thromboembolic risk. Compared to those without an increase in TnT, these patients were more likely to require invasive or non-invasive ventilation (22% versus 4%, and 46% versus 4%, respectively) and to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (59% versus 15%) or acute kidney injury (9% versus 0%; p < 0.001 for all); in addition, the mortality rate was higher (51.2% vs. A recent meta-analysis showed that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) values were significantly higher in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those observed with mild forms [14] . However, myocardial damage alone is not enough and there are other factors involved in enhancing the arrhythmic risk in COVID-19: in fact, in these patients, only half showed acute cardiac injury despite the high frequency of arrhythmias [32] . cache = ./cache/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336000-v88bq4bx author = Barco, Stefano title = Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (the OVID study): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20392 sentences = 1064 flesch = 44 summary = OBJECTIVES: The OVID study will demonstrate whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in symptomatic ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. The OVID study will show whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces any hospitalizations in ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. <30% of the expected number of patients six months after the enrolment of the first patient, also based on the course of SARS-CoV2 infections in Switzerland;  when the safety of the participants is doubtful or at risk, respectively, based on recommendations received from DSMB committee;  changes in accepted clinical practice that make the continuation of a clinical trial unwise, including the results of similar studies or the publication of international guidances. cache = ./cache/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336064-8b5cvll7 author = Bolaño-Ortiz, Tomás R. title = Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: a look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4611 sentences = 276 flesch = 53 summary = We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM(10), PM(2.5), and NO(2) with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. Recent studies have shown that climate and air pollution indicators are correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in Oslo, Norway, Jakarta, Indonesia, New York City, and California in the United States (Bashir et al., 2020b (Bashir et al., , 2020a Menebo, 2020; Tosepu et al., 2020) . Here we present a study of the correlation of average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air quality (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 ) with the new cases, total cases, and new deaths from COVID-19 in 10 cities located in LAC. cache = ./cache/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336115-7ykvl3u6 author = Binns, Colin title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health and Epidemiology date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3560 sentences = 227 flesch = 59 summary = The history of public health contains a number of examples of infectious diseases that were initially thought to have had a very high CFR only for it to be revised downward later. 11 A disease that has a high transmission rate and is very severe is the greatest public health risk. COVID-19 has a high transmission rate, and the CFR appears to be greater than for influenza epidemics, and it is, therefore, potentially a major public health threat. In February, the CFR for COVID-19 infection was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be 2%, much lower than for MERS and SARS, but estimates of the CFR have changed over time as the criteria for counting the number of cases in the denominator has changed to include very mild or even asymptomatic infections. Modeling of the role of contact tracing and case isolation suggest that these are effective in the control of epidemics such as COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336071-t7c0drft author = Chiyomaru, Katsumi title = Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1621 sentences = 114 flesch = 45 summary = title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming In this study, therefore, we used a 15 global dataset of COVID-19 cases and global climate databases and comprehensively 16 investigated how climate parameters could contribute to the growth rate of COVID-19 17 cases while statistically controlling for potential confounding effects using spatial 18 analysis. In this study, therefore, we used a 15 global dataset of COVID-19 cases and global climate databases and comprehensively 16 investigated how climate parameters could contribute to the growth rate of COVID-19 17 cases while statistically controlling for potential confounding effects using spatial 18 analysis. The contribution (i.e., non-zero estimate) of each explanatory variable to the growth rate 171 of COVID-19 cases was considered significant when the associated p-value was less than 172 0.05. Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by 352 precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming cache = ./cache/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336049-n3swuykg author = Ahmed, Mubbasheer title = Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5676 sentences = 343 flesch = 47 summary = INTERPRETATION: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a new pediatric disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is dangerous and potentially lethal. However, in early May 2020, investigators from South Thames Retrieval Service in London, UK published a report describing eight severely ill pediatric patients presenting in hyperinflammatory shock with multiorgan involvement [6] Specifically, the children manifested with high fever, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We included patients with COVID-19 to reinforce to the healthcare community and public the differences in the clinical presentation, to highlight the degree of systemic inflammation in MIS-C, and to iterate the differences in treatment and outcome between the two diseases. Data collected from the studies included demographics, number of patients, signs and symptoms, laboratory markers, imaging results, medications, and outcomes. Cardiac MRI of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19: case series cache = ./cache/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336133-kpzjrj15 author = Choi, Kristen R. title = Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 673 sentences = 45 flesch = 56 summary = title: Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus . Nurses are providing front-line care in the most patient-facing role to complex COVID-19 cases that require hospitalization. As one of the most trusted health professional groups, nurses also play a key role in providing public education on disease prevention and reducing the spread of misinformation around the outbreak. Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: A case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China cache = ./cache/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336163-7xqmuoye author = van Dongen, Christel MP title = Unusually Rapid Development of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure after COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1220 sentences = 69 flesch = 35 summary = COVID-19 infection is increasingly being associated with systemic and multi-organ involvement, encompassing cytokine release syndrome and thromboembolic, vascular and cardiac events. The patient described experienced unusually rapid development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular failure after recent severe COVID-19 pneumonia with cytokine release syndrome, which initially was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and concomitant cytokine release syndrome may be particularly at risk for the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. This case report describes a patient with unusually rapid development of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension (PH) following earlier hospitalisation and successful treatment for severe CRS caused by COVID-19 infection. In view of the association of COVID-19 with coagulopathy and microvascular disease, subsequent potential micro-PE as well as interstitial pulmonary damage, PH is likely to be a frequent complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and CRS. COVID-19 is a pulmonary viral infection which can result in severe systemic, multi-organ disease in some patients. cache = ./cache/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336004-oz5feg0r author = Bui, David P. title = Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among COVID-19 Cases in Workplace Outbreaks by Industry Sector — Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020 date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2440 sentences = 121 flesch = 40 summary = Systemic social inequities have resulted in the overrepresentation of Hispanic and nonwhite workers in frontline occupations where exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, might be higher (2); extra vigilance in these sectors is needed to ensure prevention and mitigation strategies are applied equitably and effectively to workers of racial and ethnic groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19. In total, 970 (73%) of persons with workplace outbreak-associated COVID-19 identified as Hispanic or nonwhite, although these ethnic/racial groups represent <24% of Utah's workforce in the 15 affected industry sectors (1). Persons with workplace outbreak-associated COVID-19 were disproportionately Hispanic or nonwhite compared with overall racial/ethnic distributions in these industry sectors. Health departments and employers need to ensure mitigation strategies are provided using culturally and linguistically responsive materials and messages, which reach workers of racial and ethnic minority groups, especially those disproportionately affected by workplace COVID-19 outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336076-go5tk6ni author = Burke, Rachel M. title = Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 — United States, January–April 2020 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2906 sentences = 162 flesch = 54 summary = Symptoms also were examined by date of onset relative to March 8, 2020 , when CDC released a Health Alert Network (HAN) notification giving updated guidance that COVID-19 testing be performed based on clinical judgment, thus widening testing eligibility to include persons with milder illness or atypical symptoms (3) . That definition requires meeting one or more of three sets of criteria: 1) cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing; 2) at least two of the following symptoms: fever (measured or subjective), chills, rigors, † myalgia, headache, sore throat, or new changes in smell or taste; or 3) severe respiratory illness with either clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, without an alternative more likely diagnosis. Fever, cough, or shortness of breath were commonly reported among a convenience sample of U.S. COVID-19 patients with symptom onset during January-April and a range of illness severity; gastrointestinal symptoms and other symptoms, such as chills, myalgia, headache, and fatigue, also were commonly reported. cache = ./cache/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336148-50ovfwvo author = Arnold, D. T. title = Blood parameters measured on admission as predictors of outcome for COVID-19; a prospective UK cohort study date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3871 sentences = 247 flesch = 49 summary = The DISCOVER study prospectively recruited patients with COVID-19 admitted to a UK hospital and analysed a panel of putative prognostic biomarkers on the admission blood sample to identify markers of poor outcome. All biomarkers were tested in logistic regression against a composite outcome of non-invasive ventilation, intensive care admission, or death, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) figures calculated. The DIagnostic and Severity markers of COVID-19 to Enable Rapid triage (DISCOVER) study prospectively recruited patients presenting with COVID-19 to a single UK hospital, with the aim of identifying the additional value of biomarkers to routine clinical care in predicting mortality , need for non-invasive ventilation or intensive care unit admission. In this study, we aimed to identify whether any individual biomarker (Lymphocyte count, Neutrophil count, Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio, CRP, IL-6,KL-6, suPAR, NT-pro BNP, LDH, PCT, Troponin T, Ferritin) had prognostic significance for the primary outcome as an individual marker, when used on the initial blood sample taken. cache = ./cache/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336217-t4wm1k52 author = Mehta, Bella title = Geographical variations in COVID-19 Perceptions and Patient Management: A National Survey of Rheumatologists date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2892 sentences = 163 flesch = 47 summary = 48% of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement "Patients with rheumatic diseases are at a higher risk of COVID-19 irrespective of their immunosuppressive medications". CONCLUSION : In this national sample of rheumatologists, there are variations regarding perceptions of patients' risk of COVID-19, and how to manage medications such as NSAIDs, biologics and steroids during the pandemic. CONCLUSION : In this national sample of rheumatologists, there are variations regarding perceptions of patients' risk of COVID-19, and how to manage medications such as NSAIDs, biologics and steroids during the pandemic. When rheumatologists were asked if they think their patients had discontinued or reduced (without or against their medical advice) at least one immunosuppressive medication to mitigate their risk for COVID-19, 13% responded that more than a quarter of their rheumatic disease patients may have and numerically more rheumatologists in the NE and Southern states reported a higher frequency of this (NE:15%, MW:6%, S:16%, W:10%). cache = ./cache/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336252-e92omqyr author = Chen, Tracy Yixin title = COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1883 sentences = 113 flesch = 33 summary = Over the course of follow‐up, 23 have been discharged home with a functioning allograft and in stable condition; 4 experienced acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy; 7 patients were intubated, and 6 expired. CONCLUSION: Our findings described the characteristics and outcomes of this highly fatal illness in a multi‐ethnic kidney transplant cohort, with insights on immunosuppression management that could further our understanding of this unique disease in immunocompromised populations. 5 A brief correspondence on kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia reported 35% mortality rate, withholding only antimetabolites primarily. Similarly, our results have shown that while all patients were taking immunosuppression prior to admission, their COVID infections uniformly advanced to moderate-to-severe disease with confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia, while seven of the 30 patients required intubation and 20% died, cautioning the use of immunosuppression especially during the earlier phase of infection when viral suppression by the immune system is key to halt disease progression. COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management cache = ./cache/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336257-f6yglaz8 author = Forte, Giuseppe title = The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4354 sentences = 228 flesch = 47 summary = Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries younger age, student status, female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 infection are associated with a greater psychological impact of the emergency, involving many psychopathological dimensions (e.g., anxiety, distress, sleep disturbance) [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 26] . One of the aims of the study was to analyse the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the different Italian territorial areas. Overall, the results highlighted high levels of anxiety, psychopathological symptoms and PTSD symptoms in Italian respondents during the first critical phase of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the Government measures taken to contain it. cache = ./cache/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336258-dxps48bo author = Lee, Anne W.M. title = Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic – Actions at 3-Levels date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2146 sentences = 105 flesch = 50 summary = This review shows that it is possible to stop wide-spread infection in the country and to provide good quality oncology services even during this challenging period, through concerted efforts with well-organized actions at all levels (National/Municipal, Hospital and Department). Like all others, our hospital (an affiliated hospital of the University of Hong Kong) struggles to ensure protection of all staffs and patients from COVID-19 contraction; and our Center struggles to maintain comprehensive good quality oncology services (including radiotherapy, systemic therapy and palliative care) during this difficult period. As a designated hospital responsible for convalescent care of COVID-19 patients and screening of foreign citizens/visitors, special measures are implemented to ensure safety for all staffs and patients, while continuing to provide essential clinical services as far as we can. However, even at the most difficult period, our hospital policy is to continue clinical services for which delay may seriously affect patient survival; priority supports are hence provided for emergency treatment, oncology and obstetrics. cache = ./cache/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336204-zz99v3ht author = Seo, Wan Seok title = Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening system: a rapid and safe screening system date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2988 sentences = 164 flesch = 58 summary = The Yeungnam University Hospital (YU) set up a conventional screening system (CSS) on February 17, 2020, under the guidance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). In addition, under the CSS procedures, there was a possibility of medical staff being infected by confirmed COVID-19 patients. Third, the amount of time required to clean and ventilate test rooms after sampling was considerable: with the CSS procedure, at least 30 minutes was required to achieve > 99% airborne-contaminant removal efficacy, which is incompatible with the large-scale screening required by COVID-19 [9] . As a result, the possibility of transmission from one subject to another was completely eliminated, and we prevented or dramatically reduced the infection of medical staff by tested individuals. Although the YU-Thru system has enabled faster and safer screening tests compared with the CSS, and none of the staff were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive, additional complementation is necessary to further reduce the chances of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336172-nzsa7qhb author = Looi, Jeffrey CL title = To tele- or not to telehealth? Ongoing COVID-19 challenges for private psychiatry in Australia date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2010 sentences = 101 flesch = 37 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Private psychiatrists may continue to offer the majority of care, where practical, via telepsychiatry to reduce COVID-19 exposure risks, as well as allow for the realities of practice management for pandemic public health measures. The ongoing provision of appropriate remuneration, via MBS telehealth items for such work will improve the clinical and business sustainability of private practices, thus overall strengthening the resilience of private psychiatry and the complementarity with public mental health services. While the existing evidence base for mental health telehealth provision is that patients and practitioners find it practical and effective, 6 specific evaluation of metropolitan private telepsychiatry is needed in terms of outcomes, patient and psychiatrist satisfaction, as well as health economic implications. 2 It is therefore likely that, given a choice, free of the need for COVID-19 pandemic public health measures, the majority of patients and psychiatrists will prefer inperson consultation. cache = ./cache/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336175-khkkxcwr author = Ha, Kyoo-Man title = The principle of distance during COVID-19 outbreak in Korea date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1576 sentences = 88 flesch = 54 summary = Examples include precautions such as wearing face masks, washing hands with soap and running water, sneezing into one's upper sleeve, restricting travel, closing restaurants/bars, maintaining distance among people, testing for coronavirus with testing kits, using ibuprofen, and so on. This paper aims to highlight the importance of maintaining a distance between people during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea, with the ultimate goal of reducing mass infections. However, considering that the COVID-19 outbreak is a national emergency, all believers must be aware that maintaining a distance among themselves is a preventive measure against the pandemic. Hence, to efficiently deal with COVID-19, community-based institutions in Korea should practice maintaining a distance among their members and should not allow members' gatherings or assemblies in limited spaces specifically to avoid mass infection. A few Korean stakeholders have been aware of the importance of maintaining a distance among people during the emergency response to the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336178-k8za0doe author = Afshar, Parnian title = COVID-CAPS: A Capsule Network-based Framework for Identification of COVID-19 cases from X-ray Images date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4233 sentences = 235 flesch = 54 summary = To potentially and further improve diagnosis capabilities of the COVID-CAPS, pre-training and transfer learning are utilized based on a new dataset constructed from an external dataset of X-ray images. In a study by Wang and Wong [9] , a CNN model is first pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset [10] , followed by finetuning using a dataset of X-ray images to classify subjects as normal, bacterial, non-COVID-19 viral, and COVID-19 viral infection, achieving an overall accuracy of 83.5%. In a similar study by Sethy and Behera [11] , different CNN models are trained on X-ray images, followed by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to identify positive COVID-19 cases, reaching an accuracy of 95.38%. In summary, pre-training with an external dataset of X-ray images further improved accuracy of COVID-CAPS to 98.3%, specificity to 98.6%, and AUC to 0.97, however, with a lower sensitivity of 80%. cache = ./cache/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author = Sanderson, William C. title = The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9294 sentences = 397 flesch = 44 summary = Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic's negative impact upon people's ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). Once we created this list we developed strategies that would allow people to manage these negative emotional states using a self-help format (this guide can be accessed at www.psych rescu e-covid 19.com or at the permanent DOI address provided in the reference section). While there has been progress, as outlined above, in understanding the nature and interventions for COVID related psychological distress, an additional problem has emerged as a result: the already overburdened mental health system must now provide treatment for a substantial wave of persons in need. cache = ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336194-5v395xae author = Darafsheh, Arash title = Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3043 sentences = 169 flesch = 46 summary = The recent outbreak of the novel COVID-19 respiratory disease around the world, first detected in Wuhan, China, in 2019, is caused by a new coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. 21 According to medical physics practice guidelines, the physicists are involved to a varying degree in administration, clinical services, education, informatics, equipment performance evaluation, quality assurance, and safety. A modest portion of radiation oncology in the United States is practiced in small-sized clinics with 1-2 full time equivalent (FTE) individuals responsible for the medical physics activities. The large clinic includes more than ten physicists, more than 6 linacs, special treatment programs, MR simulator, MRIgRT and proton therapy, and both medical physics graduate and residency education programs. The main objective of medical physics practice, for previously stated categories, continues to be safe, efficient, and uninterrupted delivery of RT while maintaining safety of all staff, patients, and caregivers during the disease outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336390-ptnpgh3j author = Passamonti, Francesco title = Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4672 sentences = 211 flesch = 38 summary = title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study Methods This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study included adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with diagnosis of a WHO-defined haematological malignancy admitted to 66 Italian hospitals between Feb 25 and May 18, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19. Older age (hazard ratio 1·03, 95% CI 1·01–1·05); progressive disease status (2·10, 1·41–3·12); diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (3·49, 1·56–7·81), indolent non-Hodgin lymphoma (2·19, 1·07–4·48), aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2·56, 1·34–4·89), or plasma cell neoplasms (2·48, 1·31–4·69), and severe or critical COVID-19 (4·08, 2·73–6·09) were associated with worse overall survival. Among patients with severe or critical COVID-19, the Fine and Gray model was applied to study patient characteristics (age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, type and status of haematological malignancy) associated with ICU admission, treating death as a competing event in the univariate model. cache = ./cache/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336298-odl1nv4i author = Wang, Xiaoqiang title = Effects of Chinese strategies for controlling the diffusion and deterioration of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China date = 2020-03-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2019 sentences = 147 flesch = 65 summary = For COVID-19 data, we collected the number of cumulative confirmed patients from January 21, 2020 to February 23, 2020 because almost all areas in China began to report confirmed cases from January 21, 2020, and the growth speed reached zero around most areas except Hubei before February 23, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19 as quickly as possible, the Chinese government took actions rapidly and implemented a series of strategies [5, 6, 9] is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint By implementing multiple Chinese strategies, the growth speed of confirmed patients reached Speedmax and began to decline within 14 days in almost all areas of mainland China. In conclusion, by analyzing the time to Speedmax, our study suggests that Chinese strategies are highly effective on controlling the diffusion and deterioration of the Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336177-p7b7yw28 author = Selvi, Valeria title = Convalescent Plasma: A Challenging Tool to Treat COVID-19 Patients—A Lesson from the Past and New Perspectives date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5461 sentences = 265 flesch = 45 summary = Regarding the pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1, the results from the prospective cohort study by Hung and colleagues showed that plasma treatment reduced mortality (the patients involved in the study were seriously ill and required intensive care); no adverse events were observed [4, 8, 20] . A meta-analysis by Mair-Jenkins and colleagues, including 32 studies of SARS coronavirus and severe influenza, reported that convalescent plasma reduced mortality and it was safe (no relevant adverse events or complications after treatment were reported). Based on the evidence from past experience in passive immunization, the BRN explained that there was a considerable possibility that the application of whole blood (as well as plasma, serum, or immunoglobulin concentrates) from convalescent persons could be effective in the treatment/prevention of infectious disease. Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection cache = ./cache/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336320-riedcgus author = Pacheco, J. title = Gender disparities in access to care for time-sensitive conditions during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4360 sentences = 297 flesch = 52 summary = 3 In the current pandemic, studies have shown a decrease in the frequency of different interventions like surgeries (electives or not) and hospital admissions, including specific time-sensitive conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome, 4,5 myocardial infarction, 6,7 stroke, 7-11 and cancer. Second, as there is a general reduction in the availability of health services, gender bias that usually affects access for women, especially to cardiovascular diseases, may increase. We selected a set of nine time-sensitive conditions included in the National Explicit Health Guarantees Regime ("AUGE"): two acute cardiovascular diseases (stroke and myocardial infarction) and seven cancers (gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, leukaemia, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and testis cancer). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.20192880 doi: medRxiv preprint impact in women compared to men was observed for oncologic (782; 95% CI 704-859) and cardiovascular diseases (172; 95% CI 170-174) during the 14 weeks of the pandemic included in the study period. cache = ./cache/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336397-mgrezzmw author = Habib, Yasir title = Time–frequency co-movement between COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO(2) emissions: Fresh global insights from partial and multiple coherence approach date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6585 sentences = 360 flesch = 54 summary = Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the asymmetric co-movement linkage between COVID-19, oil prices, and atmosphere carbon emissions in a global setting by applying an advanced and innovative wavelet approach. To probe the nonlinear co-movement and the lead-lag connections among COVID-19, CO 2 emissions, and crude oil prices in the time-frequency spheres and data sample size, the conventional times series techniques, specifically, Granger causality analysis, the vector autoregressive models (VARs), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic processes (GARCH), are not suitable for the current study. This paper employs the comprehensive wavelet coherence analysis tools, including wavelet transform coherence as well as continuous, partial and multiple wavelet coherence, to enclose the association and co-movement between global daily new infected and confirmed cases of COVID-19, global daily CO 2 emissions, and daily crude oil prices across time scales. This study explores the co-movement between COVID-19, CO 2 emissions, and crude oil prices by using the wavelet transform method. cache = ./cache/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336453-cbq0ui4p author = Machitori, Akihiro title = Computed tomography surveillance helps tracking COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3802 sentences = 186 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE: To reveal that a computed tomography surveillance program (CT-surveillance) could demonstrate the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection and simultaneously investigate the type and frequency of CT findings using clinical CT data. Using an online questionnaire, we asked Japanese board-certified radiologists to register their patients' information including patient age and sex, the CT examination date, the results of PCR test for COVID-19 infection, CT findings, and the postal code of the medical institution that performed the CT. We conducted the present study to reveal that CT-surveillance could demonstrate the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection as well as simultaneously investigate the type and frequency of characteristic imaging findings on CT by using clinical CT data. CT findings in CT surveillance might distinguish the group that is considered Fig. 2 The epidemic curve of the diurnal patient number in the CT surveillance (a) shows a distribution similar to that of the PCR surveillance (b). cache = ./cache/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336373-xb3jrg75 author = Vivas, Esther X. title = COVID19 and Otology/Neurotology date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1981 sentences = 105 flesch = 49 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, has caused unprecedented changes to society as we know it. The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, has caused unprecedented changes to society as we know it. In the following text I will review some of the changes to the practice of otology and neurotology in the US, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, it is safe to say that while N95s have been used extensively, the role of CAPR and PAPR is limited for routine otologic and neurotologic procedures, but may be necessary on COVID-19 positive patients. Another change to standard operating procedures has been the implementation of pre-operative COVID-19 testing for all patients undergoing surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic has required otologists and neurotologists to implement several changes into our practice. cache = ./cache/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336268-azgswke8 author = Porcel-Vazquez, Juan A. title = Usefulness of PCR Screening in the Initial Triage of Trauma Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 196 flesch = 48 summary = Initial triage to perform quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based on symptoms of respiratory disease and chest x-ray and/or based on epidemiological criteria in the emergency department (ED) may be not enough to avoid nosocomial infection or unprotected hospitalization and surgery for health care workers due to the significant incidence of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. From March 11, 2020, (when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic disease 2 ) to April 11, 2020, all patients older than 18 years admitted to our hospital (Level III trauma center university public hospital) with the clinical and radiological diagnosis of a traumatic fracture due to a low-energy mechanism were included. The first period, from March 11 to March 20, 2020, included all patients with a traumatic fracture who were tested for COVID-19 based on symptoms of respiratory disease and chest x-ray and/or epidemiological criteria on admission (history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 or having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the past 14 days before symptom onset). cache = ./cache/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336432-tu00gffr author = Wang, Zhiyu title = Small molecule therapeutics for COVID-19: repurposing of inhaled furosemide date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6582 sentences = 358 flesch = 47 summary = In this study, a library of small molecules endogenous to the human body was assembled, subjected to in silico molecular docking simulations and a focused in vitro screen to identify anti-pro-inflammatory activity via interleukin inhibition. To pre-clinically evaluate furosemide as a putative COVID-19 therapeutic, we studied its anti-inflammatory activity on RAW264.7, THP-1 and SIM-A9 cell lines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, we set out to identify a small molecule with the following properties: broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory mechanism of action targeting cytokines of innate immunity; low toxicity and excellent safety profile; chemically stable; easily stored and administered; able to be rapidly adopted in clinical settings worldwide; and, widespread availability with inexpensive and efficient means of production. A library of 1,136 small molecules endogenous to the human body was assembled, subjected to in silico molecular docking simulations and a focused in vitro screen to identify anti-pro-inflammatory activity via interleukin inhibition. cache = ./cache/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336481-vrnxu217 author = Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta title = Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1521 sentences = 93 flesch = 54 summary = Case reports have identified persistent or recurrent elimination of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal samples, raising the possibility of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 [4] [5] [6] [7] . She also reported that the doctor who provided medical care for her on the second episode developed flu-like symptoms about a week after the contact, and Covid-19 was lately confirmed on him by means of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR. DISCUSSION Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, due to several reports of persistent detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR in a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab, but without recurrence of symptoms, the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection has been suggested and investigated by different researchers around the world 5,6,10,11 . In conclusion, this case report presents strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence, although rare, are possible. This possibility should be further investigated in patients presenting with recurrence of Covid-19 symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336488-opjjowcq author = Kenanidis, Eustathios title = Organizing an Orthopaedic Department During COVID-19 Pandemic to Mitigate In-Hospital Transmission: Experience From Greece date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3384 sentences = 160 flesch = 42 summary = The aim of this paper is to review the existing orthopaedic literature and to present the principles of management and care implemented in the orthopaedic departments of a tertiary academic hospital in Greece to operate during COVID-19 pandemic in order to mitigate the risk of in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to the medical, nursing and administrative orthopaedic personnel. In addition, we presented the clinical indications to delineate orthopaedic patients who deserve emergency or urgent in-hospital care from those that can be treated in the outpatient setting, as well as from the day surgery clinics or could not be admitted in the hospital, in order to decrease the SARS-CoV-2 transmission load. The proposed principles of management and care are deployed below as (1) general management of the orthopaedic departments, (2) recommendations for the management of traumatic orthopaedic injuries, (3) hospital pathways for the admitted orthopaedic patients (4) workflow of the isolated and negative pressure COVID-19 operating theatre (COT) and (5) postoperative care of the COVID-19 infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336497-vzenzbw1 author = Busch-Hallen, Jenny title = Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 551 sentences = 35 flesch = 44 summary = The study by Timothy Roberton and colleagues (July, 2020), 1 which modelled the indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlights potential consequences of disruptions to routine health care and decreased access to food. We estimated, using the Alive & Thrive cost of not breastfeeding tool, 4 that a hypothetical effect of small (5%), moderate (10%), medium (25%), or severe (50%) relative reductions in the prevalence of breastfeeding due to COVID-19 disruptions would result in 16 469 (small reduction), 32 139 (moderate reduction), 75 455 (medium reduction), and up to 138 398 (severe reduction) child deaths across 129 LMICs over a 1-year period, plus additional morbidity (appendix). Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study cache = ./cache/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336467-w528t92h author = Anderson, Diana C. title = Nursing Home Design and COVID-19: Balancing Infection Control, Quality of Life, and Resilience date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4089 sentences = 211 flesch = 48 summary = Residential care settings for older people are known variously as "nursing homes," "long-term care facilities," or "care homes." 1 In general, it is argued that the design of many of these facilities do not adequately support quality of life for older people, 2,3 and now this is compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic which illustrates how they are ill-designed for infection control and the protection of older people who are most at risk in our society. Quality of life and care issues pertain to all aspects of the nursing home built environment (ie, from nursing home location and interaction with the community, down to building details, components, and technology), therefore we adopt a spatial framework spanning macro (overall urban setting), meso (neighborhoods and districts), and micro-scale level issues (site/building design). Examining any new approaches to nursing home design through the lens of quality of life and resilience will help reduce fragility of long-term care and protect against ongoing infectious threats such as influenza or COVID-19, or future pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336455-dmaatzjc author = Kooraki, Soheil title = Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 330 sentences = 26 flesch = 50 summary = title: Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak In complete agreement with the authors, the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nuclear medicine departments needs to be addressed, as the nuclear medicine department staff are at high-risk of exposure to COVID-19. In addition, contamination of the department equipment can initiate an outbreak within the healthcare facility. [5] In summary, limiting the acquisition of pulmonary V/Q scan, elimination of the ventilation phase of the scan, appropriate use of PPE by all department staff, the use of negative airway pressure in the procedure room and thorough decontamination of the procedure room after each V/Q scan can help the nuclear medicine department to minimize the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the staff, the equipment and the healthcare facility. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies COVID19 -Nuclear Medicine Departments, be prepared cache = ./cache/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336543-ydrmlujj author = Cavalli, Eugenio title = Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review) date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5813 sentences = 260 flesch = 39 summary = We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). On the basis of empirical observations and emerging laboratoristic findings, we will elaborate the hypothesis that several cases of thrombotic events during cOVId-19 infection represent the clinical epiphenomenon of a viral-induced secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) that, in the most severe cases, may develop as catastrophic anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (cAPS). clinical evidence and emerging data from pathological examinations indicate that a thrombotic diathesis, potentially leading to venous thromboembolism (VTE), and to dIc in some of the most severe cases, may occur in a substantial proportion of patients with cOVId-19 infection, also in a manner independent of long-term bed rest and eventual hormonal treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336438-mlgxiyur author = Huda, Farhanul title = Covid-19 and surgery: Challenging issues in the face of new normal – A narrative review date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4928 sentences = 270 flesch = 51 summary = This review aims to outline the current perspectives of surgery in the COVID 19 pandemic associated with the pitfalls in implementing the emerging guidelines to continue patient care without compromising the safety, both from surgeons' and patients' points of view. The fight between the surgeon and the pandemic will be a dragging one since the post-pandemic efflux of the surgical patients coupled with the 'new normal' practices to prevent COVID 19 spread requires pertinent resources, well-trained personnel, and co-operation among different departments. The global impact of the COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the healthcare system worldwide to provide quality care while restricting transmission to non-COVID 19 patients and health care workers (HCW). Since surgery exposes the healthcare team to blood and body fluids of infected patients, surgical specialties have been struggling all this while trying to strike a balance between the evolving guidelines of sick patient management who need surgical care and protecting themselves and their HCW from undue exposure. cache = ./cache/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336669-i7yul1c1 author = Walsh, Mary Norine title = COVID-19 pandemic and cardiovascular complications: what have we learned so far? date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1409 sentences = 108 flesch = 49 summary = Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3), transient AV block in the absence of myocarditis (4) , sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation(5), and finally a provocative case on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . Another report suggested an increased risk for coronary stent thrombosis (Figure 3) causing STEMI in infected patients (11, 12) . Third, a number of cases of STEMI mimics were submitted including patients with ST-segment elevation due to myopericarditis, Brugada pattern, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or endothelial dysfunction due to infection or cytokine storm. The now well-recognized thromboembolic disorders encountered with this disease include a case in this issue of massive pulmonary embolism and resultant severe right heart failure (8) . cache = ./cache/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336499-5flknpp4 author = Ahmed, Aziza title = How the COVID-19 Response is Altering the Legal and Regulatory Landscape on Abortion date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2020 sentences = 99 flesch = 52 summary = First, in the application of the Hyde Amendment to the CARES Act, second, in the attempt by state legislators to classify abortion as an elective procedure that cannot be performed during a time of PPE and personnel shortages, and, finally, a move by state attorney generals (AGs) to seek greater access abortion via telehealth through changing the FDA rules on a necessary abortifacient. In a letter to Planned Parenthood of Ohio, for example, State Attorney General Dave Yost stated that all abortions should be delayed and if the organization did not respond accordingly the "Department of Health will take all appropriate measures." 10 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Medical Association (AMA) have both issued statements criticizing state governors for preventing access to abortion. In addition to filing briefs against State attempts to ban elective abortions, AGs from 21 states also sent a letter to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) to make it easier to access medication abortion during this time via telehealth. cache = ./cache/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author = Megahed, Naglaa A. title = Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4803 sentences = 281 flesch = 50 summary = This study encourages the search for suitable design ideas, trends, and planning theories to provide the required protection from virus attacks and continue to add more layers in the defense system of our built environment. Architects, planners, and built environment professionals are keen to examine many social and spatial implications to generate new patterns and configurations of use (Paital, 2020; Salama, 2020 problems and challenges in all building types and urban spaces as illustrated in Figure 1 . Although the situation is still unfolding, the COVID-19 pandemic has already highlighted the importance of certain design concepts and reassessed fundamental assumptions in urban and architecture approaches. The right design and planning strategies now could help to position our built environment in the post-pandemic era. We could more effectively use healthy design and planning strategies to face pandemics and create a less pullulated, more sustainable architecture, and urbanism in general. cache = ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336447-hpnkou41 author = Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title = COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6148 sentences = 396 flesch = 49 summary = Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. 7, 8 This paper reviews the microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as its socio-economic impact. In the early days of the pandemic great effort was invested into understanding the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, 9 so as to provide a basis for discovery of an effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and/or a safe and efficacious drug to cure it, or at the least, to ameliorate its symptoms, shorten its duration, and/ or block its mechanism of transmission. 59 Unfortunately, to date, no human genetic markers predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection, nor the severity of COVID-19, have been found-although recent isolated exceptions to this statement can be found. cache = ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336395-v157jzvv author = Battaglini, Denise title = Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7003 sentences = 327 flesch = 40 summary = In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. The current review discussed the data regarding the important role J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f of chest physiotherapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19, during mechanical ventilation and after weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336702-2qa4u8gv author = Agarwal, Sangya title = Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2364 sentences = 124 flesch = 44 summary = Consistent with HLH, accumulations of macrophages are found in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 ( 9 ) , and HLH has previously been reported in patients with SARS, MERS, and other severe systemic viral infections. Drug treatments used for HLH/MAS and ARDS may also be effective in treating patients with COVID-19. Thus, an urgent need emerges to uncover therapies that may be effective for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, if properly timed in patients after exposure to virus, CSA could serve as a broad-spectrum inhibitor to control SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease the magnitude of cytokine release. This shows not only the coincidence of treatments that modulate dysfunctional host immune responses, but also the potential complications with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 infections and cancer immunotherapies. This is important because comorbidities from CRS due to CAR T-cell therapy and HLH-like symptoms due to SARS-CoV 2 infection could be fatal. cache = ./cache/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336563-hwemigk7 author = Bhimraj, Adarsh title = Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8308 sentences = 448 flesch = 42 summary = Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336735-pk7sx81r author = Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title = Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID‐19 pandemic era date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1422 sentences = 95 flesch = 48 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in reorganization of healthcare settings affecting the delivery of clinical care to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). 9 Currently available US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, [10] [11] [12] are life altering and are reshaping the natural history of the disease, resulting in improved survival and motor function. 16, [18] [19] [20] We emphasize that treatment decisions should be individualized and made cohesively between the patient, family, and healthcare provider, taking into account any geographicor institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. 9 We continue to recommend urgent evaluation of infants with SMA identified by NBS with rapid initiation of treatment while following the regional and institutional policies pertaining to the public health emergency and maximizing the safety of patients and caregivers. Clinical evidence supporting early treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy: current perspectives Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID-19 pandemic era cache = ./cache/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336614-u6alc6rs author = Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title = Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4737 sentences = 245 flesch = 35 summary = Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care (oxygen, intravenous fluids, monitoring, high-flow nasal oxygen/noninvasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation, among others), dosage, method of administration and duration of treatment, drug side effects and interactions, nonrecommended treatment or recommendation for other drugs, hospital circuits, ward organization and care planning, and discharge recommendations were collected from all clinical protocols for COVID-19. This study showed that the COVID-19 protocols of the largest hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) varied widely in several aspects, including antiviral treatment: they used different dosages, durations, and combinations of treatment for the same clinical condition. Several randomized clinical trials on tocilizumab, either alone or in combination, in patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia are underway, and its use was included in the Chinese national treatment guidelines [30, 31] . cache = ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336696-c3rbmysh author = Oberfeld, Blake title = SnapShot: COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1228 sentences = 75 flesch = 44 summary = authors: Oberfeld, Blake; Achanta, Aditya; Carpenter, Kendall; Chen, Pamela; Gilette, Nicole M.; Langat, Pinky; Said, Jordan Taylor; Schiff, Abigail E.; Zhou, Allen S.; Barczak, Amy K.; Pillai, Shiv Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The causative agent was characterized as a novel coronavirus, initially referred to as 2019-nCoV and renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Zhou et al., 2020b) . This respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission, caused major outbreaks worldwide, and resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. Based on our understanding of SARS and MERS, and their similarity to COVID-19, the human immune response in mild cases is likely characterized by a robust type I interferon antiviral response and CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell response, resulting in viral clearance. cache = ./cache/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336585-19vwpjkt author = Adem, Şevki title = Caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: CAFDs-based functional foods as a potential alternative approach to combat COVID-19 date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3578 sentences = 210 flesch = 46 summary = Based upon these results, we have screened a library of caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) (Figure 1 ) for the identification of novel natural anti-COVID-19 compounds against various SARS-CoV-2 drug targets including COVID-19 M pro (6LU7), SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit (6LXT), Nsp15 endoribonuclease (6VWW), SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain open state structure (6VYB), and SARS-CoV-2 spike closed state glycoprotein structure (6VXX). Our results present in silico-based identification of khainaoside C, 6-O-Caffeoylarbutin, khainaoside B, khainaoside C and vitexfolin A as potent modulators of COVID-19 M pro , Nsp15, coronavirus fusion protein, spike open state and closed state structure respectively. Based on these in-silico results, khainaoside C, calceolarioside B, vitexfolin A, calceolarioside C and scrophuloside B exhibited best binding potential with COVID-19 virus Figure 2B represents residual wise van der Waals interactions, piNelfinavir which possess MolDock score of -148.413 The interactions of these compounds with amino acid residues of target protein are shown in Figure 3A . cache = ./cache/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336769-5x6xjuew author = Payne, Daniel C. title = SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2567 sentences = 112 flesch = 42 summary = In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. At the time of specimen collection, participants completed a questionnaire eliciting information on demographic characteristics, exposure, COVID-19 protective behaviors, health history, and symptoms; participants also reported whether they had had a previous positive COVID-19 test since deployment but before this investigation. Among a convenience sample of 382 young adult U.S. service members aboard an aircraft carrier experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak, 60% had reactive antibodies, and 59% of those also had neutralizing antibodies at the time of specimen collection. In this convenience sample of young, healthy U.S. service members experiencing close contact aboard an aircraft carrier, those with previous or current SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced mild illness overall, and nearly 20% were asymptomatic. cache = ./cache/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336591-a31oe7kc author = Wong, Martin title = Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 736 sentences = 43 flesch = 43 summary = We extracted the rate of increase in cumulative incidence for each country between 15 April to 30 April, 2020 from the COVID-19 data repository of the Johns Hopkins Centre for Systems Science and Engineering [3] . A linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between average stringency index and increase in incidence of COVID-19 cases as the outcome variable. The distribution of the Government response stringency index in various countries shows its increase over time (01 March, 2020 to 31, March 2020) [7] , probably due to the increase in incidence in this period. In multivariaable regression analysis of data in 139 countries (Table 1) , a higher stringency index was significantly associated with lower incidence increase between 15 The findings of this study showed that more stringent containment and control measures could potentially lead to better COVID-19 pandemic control. cache = ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336677-h62angfw author = Rousseau, Antoine title = Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19 Et Œil: Le Point Sur Les Données Publiées date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3187 sentences = 298 flesch = 60 summary = Par ailleurs, la protéine Spike de SARS-CoV-2 comprend aussi un site de clivage compatible avec l'action de la furine, une autre protéase membranaire déjà connue pour être impliquée dans la pénétration d'autres coronavirus [14, 20] , et là encore, des inhibiteurs spécifiques de la furine sont à l'étude pour connaître leur propriété antivirale sur SARS-CoVUn second récepteur cellulaire semble jouer un rôle important dans la sensibilité au virus, il s'agit du récepteur CD147, aussi nommé basigine ou encore EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer). Les propriétés antivirales de l'hydroxychloroquine ont d'ailleurs été suspectées pour un grand nombre d'autres virus que SARS-CoV-2, mais jusqu'à présent, aucun des essais thérapeutiques chez l'homme n'a montré son efficacité dans ces autres infections [25] . Les essais thérapeutiques visant à réguler cette réaction immunitaire exacerbée représentent une part importante de l'effort de recherche clinique sur les formes sévères de COVID-19, et c'est d'ailleurs dans ce domaine que l'un des premiers essais randomisés contrôlé a montré des résultats préliminaires encourageants, (mais qui restent encore à confirmer) à propos d'un inhibiteur de l'interleukine 6 (le tocilizumab) [38] . cache = ./cache/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336689-z3ayolzb author = Gaur, Uma title = Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3643 sentences = 177 flesch = 35 summary = We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. New strategies are emerging in the preclinical phase that integrates technology to make learning effective and appealing to students, [7] [8] [9] , making them more relevant and applicable for remote learning during the current COVID-19 pandemic. [40] also warned: "The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk." However, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their teaching and learning environment to emergency remote learning, having monitored and examined student and staff readiness, and completed online formative and summative exams both in preclinical and clinical years. cache = ./cache/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336794-ok6j19kf author = Lu, Meiqi title = Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2508 sentences = 180 flesch = 49 summary = title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. [20] Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the existing evidence. This work aims to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in treating COVID-19, and provide reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 based on available evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336790-29im4gxw author = Violetis, Odyssefs A. title = COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2659 sentences = 125 flesch = 42 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 and has swiftly spread all over the world infecting approximately 4 billion individuals until May 10. Herein, we summarize the hematologic findings on full blood count focusing on white blood cells and platelets analysing their pathophysiology and their potential use as a tool for spotting the patients who are prone to a more severe progression of the disease or even a lethal upshot. advocates that leukocytosis (2.0-fold rise) and neutrophilia (4.4-fold rise) were predictors of the severity of the disease, which was confirmed by the need for admission in an ICU environment, while examining 140 patients with COVID-19 infection [13] . included 9 studies with a total of 1779 COVID-19 patients examining the association between thrombocytopenia and severity of the disease. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author = Singh, Thakur Uttam title = Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13032 sentences = 690 flesch = 44 summary = Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . cache = ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336732-9zp5agja author = Williams, R. D. title = Seek COVER: Development and validation of a personalized risk calculator for COVID-19 outcomes in an international network date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4923 sentences = 277 flesch = 50 summary = Objective To develop and externally validate COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores that quantify a patient's risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) in the 30-days following COVID-19 diagnosis. To develop and externally validate COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores that quantify a patient's risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) in the 30-days following COVID-19 diagnosis. In this paper we aim to develop COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores to quantify a patient's risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) due to COVID-19 using the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Patient-Level Prediction framework 17 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20112649 doi: medRxiv preprint For model development, we identified patients over 18 with a GP, ER, or OP visit with influenza or flu-like symptoms (e.g. fever and either cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, malaise, or fatigue), at least 365 days of prior observation, and no symptoms in the preceding 60 days. cache = ./cache/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336771-5hh1l1dt author = Lemos, George Azevedo title = Human anatomy education and management of anatomic specimens during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical, legal and biosafety aspects date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2765 sentences = 151 flesch = 49 summary = They possess and use a series of didactic-pedagogical resources such as synthetic models, computers and software with digital atlases, and cadaverous pieces, allowing the study of systemic and/or topographic anatomy Finally, legislation on the right to personality and its implications related to the exposure of images and videos of the dead human body during remote virtual classes, a common alternative in this COVID-19 pandemic, is discussed. We reiterate that, in cases of need for practical online classes, with the exhibition of images or videos of anatomic specimens, some measures must be adopted, aiming at the preservation of human dignity, as follows: a) Use of secure digital platforms with restricted access only to students and professors of the course; b) Authorization/consent from the anatomy sector/department, and from family members in cases of donated bodies; c) Awareness of students about the legislation related to the protection of the corpse and; d) Adoption of an ethical stance of respect for the corpse, regardless of its origin and condition. cache = ./cache/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336782-0zkb39v1 author = Fraile Gutiérrez, V. title = Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6658 sentences = 394 flesch = 47 summary = title: Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia clinical presentation with fever and cough accompanied by multifocal nodular (round or oval) ground-glass opacities in the lungs that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires admission to an Intensive Care Medicine Service (ICMS) in a high percentage of patients. Ultrasound can be a very useful tool during the management of the COVID-19 pandemic because it provides real-time non-invasive bedside images of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). • It is superior to the simple x-ray for the detection of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, interstitial syndrome, and for the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea • In the thoracic ultrasound, the clinical signs are the determinant factor regarding the interpretation of the data obtained. cache = ./cache/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336845-7ofgekoj author = Donthu, Naveen title = Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5228 sentences = 261 flesch = 52 summary = In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. We should also make an effort to learn from the consequences of pandemic outbreaks to prepare our societies for if-and, more likely, when-this happens again. Our societies are more open than ever; we rely on the importing of important products, such as food, energy, and medical equipment, rather than sourcing them from close to where they are needed; and there are limited efforts to prepare for pandemic outbreaks. The first contribution, by Jagdish Sheth, is titled "Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?" It explores how the current pandemic has affected several aspects of consumers' lives, ranging from personal mobility to retail shopping, attendance at major life events like marriage ceremonies, having children, and relocation. cache = ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336753-4212ftlc author = Luo, Lu title = Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3556 sentences = 203 flesch = 37 summary = As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. While COVID-19 is now being effectively controlled within China, it is increasingly affecting other countries worldwide, most notably the U.S., Iran, and Italy since Feb 25, 2020 1 3 With a long history of combating epidemic diseases with relatively low mortality, TCM has accumulated a rich antiviral herb knowledgebase from clinical observation and pharmacological selection. There are mutual groupings within these core combinations of herbal pairs and chemical components, thus supporting that the herbs and formulae containing these properties may act as potential candidates for COVID-19 treatment ( Fig. 4B and Table S6 .2). A report on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine 19 on empidemic encephalitis B-summary of TCM treatment group in 1956 cache = ./cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336746-a0thtd1m author = Uwins, C. title = COVID‐19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 565 sentences = 35 flesch = 52 summary = The recent global collaborative initiative 'COVIDSurg-Cancer' aims to review the care of patients planned for curative cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on delaying or changing their treatment plans 3 . Lockdown restrictions 1 have reduced access to healthcare services, with increasing difficulty accessing general practitioners and diagnostics services, and delays in patients receiving timely care. Concerns have been raised regarding minimally invasive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the potential for transmission via surgical smoke 5 . Patients with raised BMI (a known risk factor for endometrial cancer) and the elderly often have most to gain from a minimally invasive surgical approach and are some of those identified as being most at risk from COVID-19. Switching these patients to open surgery will likely worsen surgical outcomes and increase potential exposure to COVID-19 in the postoperative period. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336924-7xcbtn3q author = Borghi, Maria Orietta title = Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Are Different From Those Detectable in the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3190 sentences = 185 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-β(2)GPI antibodies. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against β(2)GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients positive for aCL and anti-b 2 GPI IgG/IgA/ IgM detected by ELISA and CIA is summarized in Table 2 . Again, there was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. Again, there was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. In conclusion, while the medium/high aPL titers with D1 specificity are associated with vascular events in APS, low antibody titers with reactivity against b 2 GPI epitope(s) different from D1 or D4,5 can be found in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336954-rh88lod0 author = Shim, Eunha title = Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2972 sentences = 154 flesch = 55 summary = OBJECTIVES: Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) identified on Jan 20, 2020 in South Korea, the number of cases rapidly increased, resulting in 6,284 cases including 42 deaths as of March 6, 2020. However, the number of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection started to increase rapidly on February 19, 2020 with a total of 6,284 confirmed COVID-19 cases including 42 deaths reported as of March 6, 2020 according to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) (KCDC, 2020) ( Table 1 ). Under the empirical reporting delay distribution from early Korean cases with available dates of onset, the intrinsic growth rate (r) was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6, 0.7) and the scaling of growth parameter (p) was estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8), indicating sub-exponential growth dynamics of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336922-ent5oimq author = Solís, Patricio title = COVID-19 Fatality and Comorbidity Risk Factors among Confirmed Patients in Mexico date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2524 sentences = 130 flesch = 53 summary = In this paper we estimate fatality risks based on survival analysis methods, calculated from individual-level data on symptomatic patients confirmed with COVID-19 recently released by the Mexican Ministry of Health. In the case of Mexico, the federal Ministry of Health (Secretaría de Salud) recently made public individual-level data of patients attended in medical units across the country who tested positive for COVID-19. This information, which is updated on a daily basis, allows us to estimate fatality risks for COVID-19 patients using survival analysis, as well as the possible effects of basic demographic factors, the presence of comorbidities and the type of medical institution on the risk of death. In this paper we apply survival analysis methods to estimate the COVID-19 fatality risk and associated risk factors for symptomatic confirmed patients of COVID-19 in Mexico, using individual-level data recently released by the Ministry of Health. cache = ./cache/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336822-cw37jrt2 author = Dennison Himmelfarb, Cheryl R. title = Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2261 sentences = 139 flesch = 45 summary = Dennison Himmelfarb and Baptiste discuss the implications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for cardiovascular and socially at-risk populations COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the newly discovered pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, a novel RNA-dependent RNA polymerase betacoronavirus that is thought to derive from bats At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 The best way to prevent and slow transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads There is substantial concern that socially at-risk persons and those with cardiovascular conditions could experience delays in seeking healthcare as a result of self-isolation, low health and digital literacy, or lack of a primary care medical home. As information about COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, it is imperative that healthcare providers reinforce the general prevention guidelines in addition to recommendations for persons with cardiovascular disease by the American Heart Association, Heart Failure Society of America, and American College of Cardiology. cache = ./cache/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336865-ss4a6coi author = Brunner, Maximilian title = Oncological colorectal surgery during the COVID-19pandemic—a national survey date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 110 flesch = 46 summary = METHODS: Between 11th and 19th April 2020, all members of a consortium of German colorectal cancer centers were invited to participate in a web-based survey on the current status of surgical care situation of colorectal cancer patients in Germany. Eighty-seven percent of the participating hospitals had to reduce their total surgical caseload and 34% their surgical volume for oncological colorectal patients during COVID-19 pandemic. There was no difference between tertiary referral and other hospitals and hospitals in federal states with high and low numbers of COVID-19 patients, both for the total surgical caseload limitations and for the surgical volume restrictions for oncological colorectal surgery ( Table 2 ). The majority (78%) of the participating colorectal surgeons stated that the limitations in surgical capacities are only justified as long as the care of oncological patients is ensured. cache = ./cache/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336942-2mvcyvbl author = Liu, Cindy H. title = Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4740 sentences = 236 flesch = 49 summary = title: Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of loneliness, high levels of COVID-19-specific worries, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, those who endorsed high levels of loneliness and worries about COVID-19 and low levels of distress tolerance were more likely to score above the clinical cutoffs for depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The high levels of reported loneliness in our sample and its association with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms underscore the severity of experiences of young adults during the pandemic. In our study, one in three U.S. young adults reported clinical cut-off symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD as well as high levels of loneliness. cache = ./cache/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336810-77wq9laa author = Klocperk, Adam title = Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4679 sentences = 207 flesch = 43 summary = Therefore, we observed a gradual increase of CRP, procalcitonin, ferritin, and serum IL-6 corresponding to the severity of the disease; however, these markers displayed a relative failure to upregulate in patients with a fatal course, who instead displayed high sIL2R and D-dimers ( Figure 1C ). Most markers of inflammation, the immune response, and liver damage presented in patients with a fatal course of COVID-19 so far seem mostly on par with those seen in patients with a moderate form of the disease, suggesting a weaker response to the infection compared to severely ill patients, which resulted in the patients' deaths. In contrast, patients with fatal COVID-19 ( Figure 5B ) displayed a negative correlation between leukocytes and lymphocytes, and their inflammatory markers increased with markers of organ failure (liver enzymes, amylase, GGT, urea, and creatinine) and cytotoxic cellular immunity (activated CD38+ HLA-DR+ CD8 T cells) instead. cache = ./cache/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337026-osgi06o4 author = Panoutsopoulos, Alexios A. title = Conjunctivitis as a Sentinel of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Need of Revision for Mild Symptoms date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3174 sentences = 171 flesch = 48 summary = Given the uprising number of publications and case reports of COVID-19 patients showing conjunctivitis [61, 62] and the history of other coronaviruses that are found in tears, we have to consider the possibility of a separate, alternative viral mechanism through which the virus can enter the patient's organism through epithelial cells of the eye [63] . The growing evidence on COVID-19 and its ocular implications and manifestations, in both animals and humans, is covered by many interesting reviews, all published 5 to 6 months after the novel coronavirus' outbreak [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] , something that reveals the need to understand the virus from different perspectiveswhich at first may have seemed secondary in priority-in order to be able to reach a treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337098-33yj5g5v author = Agarwal, Shivani title = Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3625 sentences = 163 flesch = 40 summary = OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HbA(1c), outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS: In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Few studies have specifically examined the effect of preadmission glycemic control in patients with diabetes and risk of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19, despite having great implications for outpatient glycemic management during the pandemic. The goal of this study was to use a U.S. cohort to examine the association of outpatient glycemic control, diabetes treatment, and other characteristics with mortality among hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19. We investigated whether HbA 1c levels, outpatient diabetes treatment, and other characteristics were associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 and preexisting diabetes. cache = ./cache/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337020-7dhx8f4x author = El Haj, Mohamad title = High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer's disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3178 sentences = 149 flesch = 48 summary = title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer's disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis We studied the mental health of participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) residing in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis. On-site colleagues were asked to verify, in the medical records, that a diagnosis of probable dementia AD was made by a neurologist or geriatrician according to clinical criteria developed by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease (McKhann et al., 2011) and that the participants had been assessed with the Mini Mental State Exam (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) within three months before the study to provide an recent assessment of their cognitive status. We thus evaluated self-reported indicators of depression and anxiety to assess the mental health of participants with AD who have been living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337163-i8ysgucd author = Desai, Rupak title = COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients from a Pooled Analysis date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 628 sentences = 34 flesch = 50 summary = Although the awareness of the natural progression of COVID-19 is increasing with cardiovascular risk factors and older age being frequently identified as major risk factors for poor survival in COVID-19 patients, our knowledge remains limited on the pooled prevalence of shock and its impact on predicting mortality in COVID-19 infection. While the predominant complication of COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness which could lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications and sepsis have a heightened risk of developing shock with potential in-hospital mortality during the disease course. In this meta-analysis, the elderly population had a higher burden of shock compared to the younger cohort. More data are required on the prevalence of shock, its predictors and their impact on the survival of elderly COVID-19 patients to effectively maneuver supportive resuscitation measures on time. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336870-nirg3269 author = Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol title = The newly emerged COVID-19 disease: a systemic review date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4157 sentences = 209 flesch = 54 summary = The novel COVID-19 infection, caused by a beta coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, is a new outbreak that has been emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. i. If a patient with a severe acute respiratory infection (fever, cough, and requiring admission to hospital), and with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation and a history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission during the 14 days prior to symptom onset, OR ii. It is caused by a novel beta-coronavirus, resulting from genetic recombination, called SARS-CoV-2, The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and dyspnea. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337142-3n9edoy8 author = Djakpo, Dodji Kossi title = Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1965 sentences = 108 flesch = 57 summary = The CBCs of these patients, following a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, were retrospectively analyzed and a significant P<0.05 was found after a full statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS). CBC analysis revealed changes in the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). This report aims at investigating the significant changes observed in the CBC of mild and common COVID-19 patients. In addition, the present study found a statistical difference between comorbid groups for these five laboratory parameters: RBC (P=0.001), HGB (P=0.004), HCT (P=0.01), MCV (P=0.01), and CRP (P=0.027). In summary, the present study has shown the CBCs of 208 mild and common COVID-19 cases and the most likely laboratory findings in these patients were abnormalities in RBCs, HGB, HCT, and CRP. cache = ./cache/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336940-6rgmpy5r author = Russell, B. S. title = Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7061 sentences = 277 flesch = 42 summary = Results indicate significant linkages between parents' caregiver burden, mental health, and perceptions of children's stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict, indicating possible spillover effects for depressed parents and compensatory effects for anxious parents. The hypothesized path model examined the direct and indirect associations among caregiver burden, generalized anxiety, depression symptomology, perceived child stress, and child-parent conflict and closeness, with parent gender and focal child age categories as controls. Path analysis results report of significant linkages between parents' caregiver burden and mental health and perceptions of children's stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict. The results of a multigroup path analysis, organized by parent gender, indicates good fit to the data [X 2 (10) = 159.04, p < 0.01], such that parents who reported higher rates of caregiver burden also reported higher rates of generalized anxiety, depression, and parent perceived child stress, with male caregivers reporting higher rates overall than female caregivers and stronger associations across the linkages between variables at each step in the model. cache = ./cache/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337186-5zwt2bfo author = Fero, Katherine E. title = Perceived Impact of Urologic Surgery Training Program Modifications due to COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3112 sentences = 164 flesch = 39 summary = Respondents reported decreased surgical volume (83%-100% varying by subspecialty), increased use of telehealth (99%), a transition to virtual educational platforms (95%) and decreased size of inpatient resident teams (90%). Significantly more respondents from high COVID-19 regions reported decreased emergency urologic surgical volume (76% vs 22%, p = 0.01) and cancelled educational activities (11% vs 1%, p < 0.01). A significantly larger proportion of respondents in high COVID-19 regions reported urology trainees caring for COVID-19 patients (91% vs 7%, p= 0.03), being re-deployed (37% vs 11%, p<0.01), and being required to stay at home due to sickness or exposure (78% vs 20%, p <0.01). In the months after the emergence of COVID-19, US urology residency programs underwent significant modifications including decreased surgical and ambulatory volume, increased use of telehealth, increased educational activities via virtual platforms and significant workforce restructuring. cache = ./cache/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337061-nefb7a8c author = Roberts, Stephanie A. title = Considerations for Providing Pediatric Gender-Affirmative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1460 sentences = 75 flesch = 37 summary = As interdisciplinary professionals working with gender diverse youth, it is crucial that we continue to provide access to gender-affirming care (GAC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic, telemedicine was an effective delivery method of mental health services and consultation in GAC, particularly for those living in more rural areas, and has been successfully used for gender diverse adolescents [1e4]. While professionals may find that the guidelines and laws of their respective state licensing and regulatory boards (e.g., practicing telemedicine across state lines) vary, it is imperative to overcome these challenges to provide continuity in care to support transgender and nonconforming youth during this time. Here we review considerations for optimizing GAC care of gender diverse youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, gender diverse youth and their guardians should be reminded that fertility preservation does not have to occur before gender-affirming hormone therapy and studies have documented both successful pregnancy and oocyte retrieval after discontinuation of testosterone, and sperm retrieval after discontinuation of estrogen [17e19]. cache = ./cache/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337275-phgfpzbt author = Andrew, Jones title = Is Spread of COVID-19 a Chaotic Epidemic? date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3656 sentences = 196 flesch = 50 summary = Traditional compartmental epidemiological models demonstrated limited ability to predict the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in different countries. Our mathematical examination of COVID-19 epidemic data in different countries reveals similarity of this dynamic to the chaotic behavior of many dynamics systems, such as logistic maps. In a previous study, [4] demonstrated that the coronavirus raw data in China's first two months of the disease suggest chaotic growth, similar to other epidemics like H1N1 and measles. These systems are now termed "chaotic." Unpredictability due to highly-sensitive reliance on initial conditions inspired the term "deterministic chaos." After Poincaré's studies, the deterministic chaotic behavior was discovered in numerous dynamical systems and confirmed experimentally [15, 6, 2, 20] . Through use of an interactive data map, it was shown that the spread of COVID-19 exhibits the major characteristics of chaotic systems, namely, determinism, high sensitivity, large number of equilibria, and unpredictability. cache = ./cache/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337082-2xas41mj author = Akoumianakis, Ioannis title = The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3524 sentences = 245 flesch = 40 summary = 2 Interestingly, the aetiologic agent behind COVID-19, severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis, suggesting therapeutic implications for this axis. ACE2 is expressed in both alveolar cells and cardiomyocytes, which may explain the severe lung and myocardial injury observed in COVID-19 patients. 97 Considering the detrimental effects of AngII on lung and myocardial biology, it has been hypothesized that ACE1 inhibitors and ARBs may actually protect against severe COVID-19 disease. 33 A retrospective study in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 showed that in-hospital use of ACE1 inhibitors and ARBs was, in fact, associated with reduced mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. The link between adipose tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system signaling and obesity-associated hypertension A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity cache = ./cache/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337256-b3j3kg73 author = Wang, Peipei title = Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1944 sentences = 114 flesch = 60 summary = title: Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics We integrate the most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data before June 16, 2020 into the Logistic model to fit the cap of epidemic trend, and then feed the cap value into Fbprophet model, a machine learning based time series prediction model to derive the epidemic curve and predict the trend of the epidemic. Many scholars have developed a number of predicting methods for the trend forecasting of COVID-19, in some severe countries and global [8, 9] , debating 30 about mathematical model, infectious disease model, and artificial intelligence model. The models based on mathematical statistics, machine learning and deep learning have been applied to the prediction of time series of epidemic development [10, 11] . Generalized logistic growth modeling of the covid-19 outbreak in 29 provinces in china and in the rest of the world cache = ./cache/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337169-wv9n2e2o author = Le Roux, Gael title = COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 359 sentences = 26 flesch = 57 summary = key: cord-337169-wv9n2e2o title: COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period cord_uid: wv9n2e2o 1 Although health systems have to deal with such disasters to decrease massive contaminations, several countries, such as France, have implemented containment measures. 2,3 Poison control centres are-perhaps unexpectedly-being involved too in the COVID-19 outbreak as they are observing a change in the typology of the calls they receive, which is directly related to containment measures. Lastly, and in addition to the containment measures, we must also acknowledge that fear of being contaminated in the emergency room is another obstacle for many people who need health care after poisoning. Worldwide, prevention of such home poisonings is urgently needed to avoid unnecessary emergency medical system use in such critical times. Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance and containment measures for the first 100 patients with COVID-19 in Singapore cache = ./cache/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337430-c2vdnml7 author = Timpka, Toomas title = Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2261 sentences = 122 flesch = 47 summary = In December 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan reported an outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection that causes the Covid-19 disease, an atypical pneumonia [1] . The national public health agencies choose social distancing regulations based on an overall assessment of how critical certain activities are for society as a whole and whether motivation to comply with the rules can be assumed. During the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, effectively all population-level interventions include the recommendation that social contacts with the elderly, and especially the senior elderly, are to be reduced to an absolute minimum. Sports organisations should develop a pandemic response strategy that addresses the needs of its athletes and coaches, while complying with the regulations and recommendations issued by the government and national public health agency. The temporary frameworks for organised sports practice and competitions must be developed based on the social distancing and quarantine protocols activated during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337060-jkzbyqtm author = Alqurshi, Abdulmalik title = Investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on pharmaceutical education in Saudi Arabia – A call for a remote teaching contingency strategy date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6566 sentences = 329 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: Two cross-sectional Likert-scale based questionnaires targeted at students and teachers separately, designed to explore stakeholders' satisfaction in three areas of emergency distance teaching/learning: The use of virtual classrooms, completion of course learning outcomes (CLOs) and assessment via alternative methods during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Diverging stacked bar chart to show results from a 5-point Likert-scale student-targeted questionnaire to measure student level of agreement with several statements in 3 categories concerned with the educational process during COVID-19 lockdown, these included: Virtual classrooms, Completion of CLOs and Alternative assessment methods (n = 363). Diverging stacked bar chart to show results from a 5-point Likert-scale teacher-targeted questionnaire to measure teachers' level of agreement with several statements in 3 main categories concerned with the educational process during COVID-19 lockdown, these included: Virtual classrooms, Course learning outcomes (CLOs) and Alternative assessment methods (n = 74). cache = ./cache/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337269-bh3qbn3q author = Bajracharya, Aliza title = Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 986 sentences = 58 flesch = 60 summary = title: Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the global health crisis. By far to contain this infection, the government has ensured isolation facilities, quarantined the suspected cases, and contact tracing of the exposed patient, increased the screening tests, but all these steps are at a snail's pace. To at least make a start, there needs to be a provision of rapid testing of every high-risk emergency case so as to safeguard the health workers. The referral cases need to have the facility of conducting the test prior to the referral to the center so that it avoids unnecessary delay and the environment of fearful uncertainty while managing them. cache = ./cache/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337204-14gxpeaf author = Piciucchi, Matteo title = Preliminary considerations regarding the risk of COVID-19 and disease severity in chronic gastrointestinal conditions date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1637 sentences = 90 flesch = 43 summary = Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, several studies of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical findings, therapy and virological features of this infection have become available and are totally free to clinicians via a PubMed search [1, 2] . In particular, several risk factors that are involved in acquiring the infection and that affect the clinical course and severity of COVID-19related diseases have been identified (Figure 1 ), but conclusive data are still lacking [2, 4] . As far as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is concerned, there are no data to suggest a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a higher severity of related diseases in these patients, compared to the general population. More specifically, prospective studies to analyze the risk of the infection and its possible course in patients with IBD, pancreatitis and liver diseases are needed in order to improve care for these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337089-ksh62ni0 author = Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina title = Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4901 sentences = 293 flesch = 53 summary = In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. However, based on recently published findings, other authors hypothesized that an immunological cross-protection between SARS-CoV-2 and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) exists due to the high homology between the spike protein epitopes of the two taxonomicallyrelated coronaviruses [21] . The objective of the present study was to gather, present, and discuss information on the reported cases of COVID-19 in animals focusing on the virus transmission cases in pets and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. cache = ./cache/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337302-fpz2jfuj author = Abdihamid, Omar title = The Landscape of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: Prevalence, Impacts, and Recommendations date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5958 sentences = 357 flesch = 48 summary = 21 Similar to cases seen during the MERS-outbreak where having cancer was identified as a risk factor for MERS-CoV mortality, the COVID-19 pandemic also poses threats to cancer patients. 23 In one of the early data by Yu et al published in JAMA Oncology, the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients from Wuhan, China, was at 0.79% (12 of 1524 patients; 95% CI, 0.31.2%). 15 In a retrospective cohort study of 28 COVID-19infected cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three hospitals in China, a total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe outcomes with a mortality rate of 28.6%. Patients' age, tumor type, underlying comorbidities, stage of the disease, and treatment type all affect the risk and outcomes of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337297-fkw8780t author = Fan, Siyuan title = Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4698 sentences = 267 flesch = 41 summary = Methods: This retrospective single-center case series analyzed critically ill patients with COVID-19 at the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from February 5 to April 2, 2020. Herein, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the neurological manifestations of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICU) to explore various pathophysiological mechanisms that could contribute to neurological complications in these patients. COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019; AIS, acute ischemic stroke; WBC, white blood cell; ALT, alanine transaminase, cTnI, High-sensitive cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IQR, interquartile range. The clinical spectrum of neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was broad, including delirium, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, flaccid paralysis and rhabdomyolysis. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337452-zql4zhyk author = Corral, L. title = GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4408 sentences = 263 flesch = 50 summary = We aimed to determine whether a 6-day course of intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) improves outcome in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection at risk of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Conclusions A short course of MP had a beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, decreasing the risk of the composite end point of admission to ICU, NIV or death. These considerations motivated us to design and conduct a pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial (GLUCOCOVID) to explore the role of a short course of MP in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at risk of developing respiratory failure and ARDS. We designed a pragmatic, partially randomized trial, including a clinician's preference arm in an attempt to avoid inclusion bias in the current setting in which many physicians feel glucocorticoids may have a All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133579 doi: medRxiv preprint beneficial effect in COVID-19 despite the absence of controlled clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337482-imxkpfrn author = Koplan, Jeffrey title = Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1220 sentences = 75 flesch = 51 summary = In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. I n their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations-Dane County, Wisconsin; the Milwaukee metropolitan area; and New York City-using agent-based simulation models (1) . They modeled variations in adherence to social distancing mandates, time of intervention, and population density. Alagoz and colleagues' study provides an opportunity to pause and assess how modeling can and should inform COVID-19 decision making. With mass vaccination months, if not years, away and few effective therapies, the timely use of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions will reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Effect of timing of and adherence to social distancing measures on COVID-19 burden in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337499-jzpgtkai author = Yong Choi, Sung title = Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4736 sentences = 257 flesch = 49 summary = title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. In contrast, the surgical tracheostomy for the COVID-19 patient was performed by one dedicated head and neck surgeon and ICU medical staff (two intensivists and one senior nurse), who worked only in the negative pressure room for COVID-19, and assisted with all procedures (Supplementary Figure 1) . The first cannula change for the COVID-19 patient was performed by the same surgeon with enhanced PPE at 13 days because that patient had three consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests 11 days after tracheostomy. cache = ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337456-fl5w81sp author = Sperotto, Francesca title = Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy date = 2020-10-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2192 sentences = 118 flesch = 45 summary = title: Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy We sought to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on PICU admissions in Northern Italy, using data from the Italian Network of Pediatric Intensive Care Units Registry. Conclusions: Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak, especially those for respiratory failure. Here, we sought to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown measures on rates and types of PICU admissions in Northern Italy. • Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and to the same period in 2019, especially those for respiratory failure. With this study, we have shown that unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and to 2019. In conclusion, our study showed that unplanned and medical PICU admissions, especially those for respiratory failure, significantly decreased during COVID-19outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337248-thzox29o author = Tsolaki, Vasiliki title = Right ventricular dilation: The additive effect of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary embolism in Covid-19 patients date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 978 sentences = 50 flesch = 38 summary = We read with great interest the study of van Dam et al presenting the radiographic characteristics of 23 patients with Covid-19 acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and right ventricular (RV) dilation. Van Dam's paper confirms the increased incidence of thrombotic events in patients, as in the majority of the presented cohort, PE was an unexpected finding; the reasons for ordering a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were not indicative of PE presence [lack of clinical improvement after mechanical ventilation initiation and fever (61.3%)]. Moreover, PEEP effects may be rather exacerbated in the setting of nonrecruitable lung regions, as in cases of focal but also in non-focal lung involvement, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f when extensive, multilobar ground glass opacifications are present (as in Figure 1 in van Dam's study) [1, 9] ; increased PEEP levels, when not resulting in lung recruitment, may induce dead space ventilation and compression of the pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and RV dilation and dysfunction. cache = ./cache/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337220-yv7qdvzi author = Demeke, Addis title = Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2215 sentences = 128 flesch = 39 summary = This assay involves simultaneous 130 reverse transcription and isothermal amplification using loop-mediated amplification (RT-131 LAMP) for RNA, followed by Cas12 detection of predefined coronavirus sequences, after which 132 cleavage of a reporter molecule confirms detection of the E and N genes of SARS-CoV-2. Rapid lateral flow-based assays for anti-COVID-19 antibodies (IgM and IgG) are under 147 development which will play an important role in the epidemiological investigation of the 148 disease [9] . Therefore, the convalescent plasma has been used as 155 therapy for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients [26, 27] The biosensor was developed by using a spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 immobilized onto the 237 FET graphene sheet (a two-dimensional sheet of hexagonal oriented carbon atom) with 1-pyrene 238 butyric acid N-hydroxy succinimide ester (PBASE) (Figure 1) . Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription 473 loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay cache = ./cache/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337359-kvb7moqt author = Wells, Mike title = Ideas and the origin of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1247 sentences = 93 flesch = 62 summary = The novel concepts and ideas of the inventors need to be widely distributed so that the applied scientists can improve them, so that appropriate research can be performed, so that the sceptics can carefully and positively impact the next cycle of progression. We need the imaginative, innovative, knowledge-generating researchers, the optimisers and the careful validators to expertly craft appropriate, well-designed and adequately powered studies to rapidly-and carefullyadvance our knowledge. These ideas, when tested objectively in the real world, may actually result in patient harm because of factors not immediately evident (hydroxyethyl starch is a good example). This is certainly something that requires urgent further investigation in critically ill patients with COVID-19, before committing unthinkingly to new devices and procedures. In addition, other factors such as difficulties in cleaning the devices and any potential risks of transmitting infection to the patients and users would need to be investigated. cache = ./cache/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337436-3xzgv370 author = Khider, Lina title = Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1774 sentences = 110 flesch = 44 summary = METHODS: Study analyzed clinical and biological profiles of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection at admission, including hemostasis tests and quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are considered as relevant markers of Accepted Article 1 endothelial lesion or dysfunction (12) and were used to explore the potential vascular dysfunction 2 in COVID-19 patients. Among COVID-19 positive patients, 64% were above this threshold, suggesting a SARSThe originality of this study was to evidence an endothelial lesion during SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 as witnessed by increased levels of CECs. Second, we show that this endothelial damage is 4 thwarted by curative anticoagulation. Interestingly, patients enrolled while they were treated with 6 curative anticoagulation had a significantly lower level of CECs, especially in the hypertensive 7 population treated with ACEi or ARBs. Increased mortality and/or morbidity of COVID-19 in 8 patients with hypertension has been described in China (3). cache = ./cache/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337605-s07aorzi author = Leow, Lowell title = Surgery beyond COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1174 sentences = 81 flesch = 57 summary = Past pandemics may have primed us but COVID-19 unfolded on a scale not seen in modern history with many likening it to the 1918 Spanish Flu. Fortunately, medicine has progressed since then, and the response to COVID-19 in countries like Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan has been robust. The aggressive stance adopted by Australia and New Zealand in travel bans, social distancing and active quarantine and surveillance has flattened the curve, curtailed the spread and prevented overwhelming of healthcare systems by COVID-19 patients. As countries learn to live with COVID-19, with a flattened curve and limited outbreaks that can be controlled by quarantine and case contacting, coming out of a lockdown presents equal challenge to entering one. This pandemic has forced us to catch up with the rest of the world in the adoption of technology in our daily practice. cache = ./cache/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337627-1a2gpqdl author = Alvarado-Vasquez, Noé title = Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19? date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2325 sentences = 116 flesch = 47 summary = Previous evidence has shown the presence of early endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects but with a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-DM2), where glucose metabolism, the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as expression of genes involved with their synthesis are impaired. Therefore, we hypothesized that an FH-DM2 should be considered an important risk factor, since the individuals with this background develop an early endothelial dysfunction, which would increase the susceptibility and severity of infection and damage to the endothelium, in the patient infected with the SARS-CoV-2. For example, in a representative percentage of patients with COVID-19, pathologies such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, which could be associated with an early endothelial dysfunction, have not been reported. Based on the above, we hypothesized that a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-DM2) could be a risk factor for the severe endothelial damage observed in the patient infected with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337646-gkcm6ds0 author = nan title = The Federation’s Pages: WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations www.wfpha.org Bettina Borisch and Marta Lomazzi, Federation’s Pages Editors date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2529 sentences = 140 flesch = 45 summary = The next coronavirus to generate a global public health crisis was the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) that emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 among people working closely with camels. During the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), held on 30 January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was underway. The association between Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and environmental destruction is widely recognized: deforestation destroys natural habitats, increases the density of remaining wild animal populations, increases their movements to look for food accompanied by the probability of human contact-all induce stress that impairs immune systems and increases viral shedding [16] . Environment preservation is urgent for many reasons: conservation of biodiversity, the fight against climate change, reduction of air, water and food pollution, and improvement of human health and quality of life [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337598-86xnmxvi author = Gil‐Rodrigo, Adriana title = Ultrasound in Pregnant Women With Suspected COVID‐19 Infection date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 743 sentences = 55 flesch = 48 summary = To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Dr Soldati and colleagues, "Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method." 1 As the authors point out, lung ultrasound (LUS) is an unquestionably useful tool for detecting lung damage in the entire population. Although pneumonia seldom manifests in pregnant women, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic makes this population more vulnerable to such infections. Two women showed images compatible with moderate interstitial pneumonia due to COVID-19 4 : pleural irregularity, a focal and patchy interstitial pattern, and B-lines in posterior basal and middle areas (Figure 1 ). Proposal for international standardization of the use of lung ultrasound for patients with COVID-19: a simple, quantitative, reproducible method How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337629-rwgqkow3 author = Casale, Manuele title = Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection? date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1403 sentences = 82 flesch = 43 summary = We advocate the inclusion of SNIs and ethanol oral rinses as additional measures to the current public health measures, to prevent and control the transmission of any respiratory infectious disease, including COVID-19. 9 conducted a pilot, randomized controlled trial of hypertonic SNI and gargling (HSNIG) versus standard care on healthy adults within 48 hours of URTI onset to assess recruitment, acceptability, symptom duration, and viral shedding of a large number of viruses such as rhinovirus, enterovirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. To date, there are not any studies which specifically investigated the antiviral activity of chloride salts against coronavirus family in the nasal mucosa cells. Randomized clinical trials on large population are needed to verify the efficacy of SNIs and oral rinses in preventing spread of COVID-19 evaluating the number of episodes, viral load in the nasal cavities, transmission within household contacts, medication consumption, reported illness, school and work absence, and complication rate. cache = ./cache/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337530-qgv29qql author = Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati title = Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 164 flesch = 55 summary = • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Variables with P ≤ 0.20 on univariate analysis were taken into account in the multivariate logistic regression model to assess the potential factors influencing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown stage. Accurate beliefs about sleep prevent respondents from insomnia (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depressive symptoms (p<0.001) ( Table 3 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in Morocco was 18.6%, 4.5%, and 4.5%, respectively [19, 20, 21] . In China, the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public during the lockdown period were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively [22] . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey cache = ./cache/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337460-60blhbcq author = Yang, Ai-Ping title = Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3344 sentences = 188 flesch = 50 summary = Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and to help clinicians perform correct treatment. Recent studies have also reported decreases in the lymphocyte (LYM) counts in the peripheral blood and increases in serum inflammatory cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients [12] . In this study, the changes in LYM subsets and cytokines profiles in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients with distinct disease severities were longitudinally characterized. Therefore, the steady raise in the number of immune cells and the sustained decline in the levels of inflammatory factors are important laboratory manifestations for the clinical improvement of severe patients with COVID-19. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the major contributing factors among clinical parameters to distinguish mild and severe cases of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337674-mb6ue2hl author = Voulgaris, Athanasios title = Sleep medicine and COVID-19. Has a new era begun? date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4544 sentences = 207 flesch = 47 summary = This is especially important for the treatment of patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) since the application of positive airway pressure (PAP) can induce spread of aerosol and increase substantially the risk of infection [6] . A group of experts in SDB from the Chinese Thoracic Society provided feedback on the management of patients with OSA and suggested that sleep studies and initiation of PAP application should be continued only in regions with low incidence of COVID-19, preferably with the use of home sleep apnea tests (HSAT) [19] . In case where in-laboratory sleep studies are necessary, especially for PAP titration or insurance demands, these could be performed only after patients' negative screening for COVID-19, according to local recommendations and hospital guidelines, with the personnel using all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and keeping safe distances, as previously mentioned and according to WHO infection prevention and control guidance [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337581-3rmrkq1k author = Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús title = Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6826 sentences = 399 flesch = 64 summary = The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor's and Master's degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences found were differentiated according to the group of students, depending if they had or not practice-based subjects during the education period affected by the state of alarm, the proximity to ending their training as nurses, or if they were health professionals who were conducting post-graduate studies. cache = ./cache/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337663-ow1l18li author = Qu, Liang G. title = Scoping review: hotspots for COVID-19 urological research: what is being published and from where? date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4694 sentences = 306 flesch = 45 summary = This comprehensive review aimed to: identify all up-to-date original publications relating to urology and COVID-19, characterise where publications were from, and outline what topics were investigated. Topics of the study included pathophysiological, administrative, and clinical fields: translational (n = 14), COVID-19-related outcomes (n = 5), urology training (n = 4), telemedicine (n = 7), equipment and safety (n = 2), urology in general (n = 4), uro-oncology (n = 3), urolithiasis (n = 1), and kidney transplantation (n = 8). A registered study in France (NCT04341714) is similarly assessing the efficiency and satisfaction of telemedicine consults, aiming to recruit 400 patients from a neuro-urology clinic. 48 studies were included, investigating pathophysiological, administrative, and clinical outcomes relating to COVID-19 and urology. Clinical fields of COVID-19-related urological research seem to focus on uro-oncology, urolithiasis, and kidney transplant recipients. Nevertheless, our review is the first to provide a comprehensive country-level analysis of current original urological research related to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337665-roelk7i5 author = Bhattacharjee, Hemanga K. title = Emergency Surgery during COVID-19: Lessons Learned date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2946 sentences = 211 flesch = 53 summary = Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgical procedures are time sensitive and require prompt decisions, but during this pandemic, the decision making becomes more difficult as the symptoms can overlap with potential SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection and there is a potential community spread of the infection. The patient was shifted to general ward on the next day evening after his COVID-19 test report came out as negative. cache = ./cache/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337677-ktktqs7b author = Pereda, R. title = Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3397 sentences = 212 flesch = 54 summary = Patients received therapy as per the Cuban COVID protocol that included a combination of oral antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine) with intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of IFN alpha-2b The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients discharged from hospital, secondary was the case fatality rate and several outcomes related to time variables were also evaluated. Two groups of individuals were admitted to the hospital, according to the case classification criteria defined in the Cuban protocol: 1) people with suspected COVID-19 due to clinical respiratory symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, cough, headache, shortness of breath and nasal discharge in the last 14 days; 2) subjects who had contact with a patient with confirmed or is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337599-dyxfsojh author = Ahamad, Shakir title = Primed for Global Coronavirus Pandemic: Emerging Research and Clinical Outcome date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1978 sentences = 163 flesch = 48 summary = Under such circumstances, drug repurposing has emerged as a realistic and effective strategy to counter the virus menace in the short run, and several antiviral and antimalarial medicines are currently in different stages of clinical trials. Researchers are also experimenting with nutrients, vitamins, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma as immunity boosters against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This report presents a critical analysis of the global clinical trial landscape for COVID-19 with an emphasis on the therapeutic agents and vaccines currently being tested at pandemic speed. 166 The Institute of Biotechnology, AMMS, China, registered a randomized, double-blind, 167 placebo-controlled Phase-II clinical trial of recombinant novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) 168 vaccine (adenovirus vector) in healthy adults aged 18 and above on April 10, 2020, (Table1, 169 Entry 6). Clinical study for safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in the treatment of novel 924 coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) Genentech Announces FDA Approval of Clinical Trial for Actemra to Treat 1093 Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337670-3wq260lj author = Joob, Beuy title = Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 287 sentences = 25 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Joob, Beuy; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period Dear Editor, We read with great interest the recent publication entitled "A Chinese case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) did not show infectivity during the incubation period: based on an epidemiological survey" [1] . Bae concluded that "the epidemiological findings support the claim that the COVID-19 virus does not have infectivity during the incubation period [1] . " In fact, a pathogen should not have infectivity during the incubation period or development of disease. How the author was able to confirm the reliability of the patient's self-reported history is an interesting issue for further discussion. A Chinese case of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) did not show infectivity during the incubation period: based on an epidemiological survey Incubation period and other epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infections with right truncation: a statistical analysis of publicly available case data cache = ./cache/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337572-kx5hihnr author = Ludwig, Stephan title = Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2668 sentences = 167 flesch = 54 summary = The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 . Here we provide a short background on coronaviruses and their origin, and we describe in more detail the novel SARS-CoV-2 and the efforts thus far to identify effective therapies against COVID-19. The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 19 SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 At the end of December 2019, China reported the increasing occurrence of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337751-ccf8w06i author = Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo title = It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3485 sentences = 195 flesch = 55 summary = RESULTS: Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from COVID-19, these measures could have important unintended negative consequences in this group's mental and physical health, as well as financial aspects. DISCUSSION: A wider perspective is needed to include a broader definition of health—considering financial scarcity, access to health services, mental health issues, and long-term care—in the policy responses to COVID-19 targeted to older people in Chile. This research report intends to provide a critical analysis of the policy response to COVID-19 for older people (OP) in Chile, calling for a more comprehensive response that considers a broad conception of health. Chile is a developing mid-to-high-income (2018 gross domestic product per capita purchasing parity power = US$25,222), highly unequal country (Gini coefficient = 0.55), which is currently facing a process of rapid population aging: While the share of people older than 65 years is 12%, in 2020 it is expected to reach 25% by 2050 (United Nations, 2019a). cache = ./cache/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337632-2q6gm7n3 author = Pearman, Ann title = Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4672 sentences = 226 flesch = 54 summary = HCPs reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, past and future appraisal of COVID-related stress, concern about their health, tiredness, current general anxiety, and constraint, in addition to lower levels of proactive coping compared to those who were not HCPs (p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.28). As expected, there were significant differences on education [χ 2 (8, N = 180) = 16.61, p = 0.03] such that HCPs had more education than non-HCPs. Results from the MANOVA ( Table 2 ) controlling for education show that HCPs reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, current anxiety, concern about their health, tiredness, constraint, and past and future appraisal of COVID-related stress, but lower levels of proactive coping compared to non-HCPs (Pillai's Trace = 0.28, F(12,160) = 5.29, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.28). cache = ./cache/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337700-2n9tswr8 author = Chilimuri, Sridhar title = Predictors of Mortality in Adults Admitted with COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study from New York City date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2355 sentences = 146 flesch = 51 summary = On multiple regression analysis, increasing odds of mortality during hospitalization was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06 per year increase; p < 0.0001), admission D-dimer more than 1000 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (OR 3.16; 95% CI, 1.75–5.73; p<0.0001), admission C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of more than 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36–4.34; p = 0.0028), and admission lymphopenia (OR 2.63; CI, 1.47–4.69; p 0.0010). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study originating in NYC, older age, admission levels of D-dimer of more than 1000 ng/mL, CRP of more than 200 mg/L and lymphopenia were associated with mortality in individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. In the final analysis, we excluded the following patients: those whose SARS-Cov-2 results were pending or whose definitive outcomes were not available at the time of the study as they were still hospitalized; and those with incomplete information. cache = ./cache/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337789-pabaoiqs author = Oprinca, George-Călin title = Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4995 sentences = 282 flesch = 47 summary = This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. This paper describes three autopsy cases with unknown cause of death, with full macroscopic examination as well as histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of collected organ tissues, including the lung from which reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) tests were made to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed large areas of alveolar damage with destruction of the alveolar wall lining and intra-alveolar septa, marked vascular congestion, accompanied by intra-alveolar hemorrhage. cache = ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337760-joti9nwg author = Buldú, Javier M. title = The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5276 sentences = 246 flesch = 55 summary = Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. The model, whose main parameters were based on the scientific literature concerning the infection and recovery periods of COVID-19, could be easily adapted to describe other kinds of sports competitions just by modifying the number of players and teams participating in the tournament. Table 1: Summary of the main parameters used in the model: Probability of being infected during the training period β train , during a match β match and from the player's social circle β ext ; latent period σ −1 , infectious period γ −1 and quarantine period γ −1 Q ; probability of being detected as exposed (by virus test) µ E and as infectious (by virus test or by symptoms) µ I ; number of days between virus tests N test and matches N match . cache = ./cache/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337720-kmwft059 author = Closson, Kalysha title = When Home is Not a Safe Place: Impacts of Social Distancing Directives on Women Living with HIV date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1741 sentences = 84 flesch = 48 summary = As HIV care, research participation, and workplace settings are being transitioned to virtual and telephone-based methods, women living with HIV experiencing violence are less able to connect to critical social and protective networks [18] . As such, necessary social distancing measures have the potential to impact the rates and consequences of IPV, increasing social isolation and mental health concerns, which taken together can hinder women living with HIV's access to, and use of, HIV treatment and violence support, further than they already experience [9, 17] . As social distancing measures limit access to supports, such as family, friends, and health care provides, that help women living with HIV cope with experiences of violence and histories of trauma, research is needed to understand the unique ways in which women living with HIV have developed resilience and coping strategies during COVID-19 restrictions and how these can be best supported. cache = ./cache/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author = Mercer, Scott Thomas title = A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2301 sentences = 149 flesch = 54 summary = No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. During the pandemic due to redeployment of staff members and overall reduced trauma/ urgent orthopaedic cases, we had 2 all day lists from 8am to 8pm. A further sub-group analysis of hand and wrist surgery showed that there was no significant increase in surgical time in 2020 (Table 5) . Changes implemented during COVID-19 have led to a significant reduction in the efficiency of ORs. This will have significant effect on increased waiting times for elective surgery. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with safe non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve operating room efficiency however, further research is needed to prove this. cache = ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337727-i0urwkcj author = Aloysius, Mark M. title = COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 252 sentences = 21 flesch = 45 summary = key: cord-337727-i0urwkcj title: COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis cord_uid: i0urwkcj The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread over 200 countries worldwide, affecting >2 million people and >120,000 deaths. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 who presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) without any other risk factors. COVID-19 pathogenesis is thought to be mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor on the host cells, which are highly expressed in the pancreatic islets (4) Although clear pathogenesis is unknown, AP in COVID19 could occur due to the direct cytopathic effect of local SARS-CoV-2 replication or indirectly by harmful immune response induced by the virus. Nevertheless, our understanding of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 continues to progress, and this case illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 can precipitate AP in the setting of COVID-19. Pancreatitis and cholecystitis in primary acute symptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection -Systematic review of the literature cache = ./cache/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337672-3a3ngzvo author = Barzilay, Ran title = Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4284 sentences = 228 flesch = 48 summary = covid19resilience.org/) that included an interactive 21item resilience survey and assessment of COVID-19related stress (worries) regarding: (1) getting (contracting), (2) dying from, (3) currently having, (4) family member getting, (5) unknowingly infecting others, and (6) experiencing significant financial burden following COVID-19. All models included the following potential confounders: age, gender, race (white/non-white), education, income, occupation (healthcare, engineering/computers and other), marital status (married, single or other), country of residence (US, Israel or other), number of people in household, date at which the survey was taken (days and (days squared) since study launch), and exposures related directly to COVID-19 including getting tested for COVID-19, knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19 and knowing someone who died from COVID-19. Participants were significantly more worried about a family member contracting COVID-19 or about unknowingly infecting others than about getting COVID-19 themselves (Fig. 1a , item main effect F 5,15205 = 1536.0, p < 0.00001, model included age, gender, education, income, marital status, number of people in household and country of residence). cache = ./cache/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337763-kusqyumn author = Alves, T. H. E. title = Underreporting of death by COVID-19 in Brazil's second most populous state date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2799 sentences = 163 flesch = 57 summary = The underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), where is concentrated the second largest population of the country, reveals government unpreparedness, as there is a low capacity of testing in the population, which prevents the real understanding of the general panorama of Sars-Cov-2 dissemination. The goals of this research are to analyze the causes of deaths in the different Brazilian government databases (ARPEN and SINAN) and to assess whether there are sub-records shown by the unexpected increase in the frequency of deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19. The present study aims to analyze the death causes in the notary records and in the Brazilian National disease notification system records, and thus evaluate the subregistries and the possible increase in the frequency of deaths with clinically compatible causes to COVID-19 in the Minas Gerais territory. cache = ./cache/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337681-579cz2tc author = Sk, Md Fulbabu title = Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5882 sentences = 340 flesch = 53 summary = title: Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely α-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro) or 3CL(pro)) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The initial coordinates for our molecular dynamics simulations were obtained from the X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro complexed with the inhibitors a-ketoamide (PDB: 6Y2G) and Z31792168 (PDB: 5R84) (Berman et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2020) . Next, in our study, the binding affinity of a-ketoamide was further evaluated and compared with the FDA approved anti-HIV protease inhibitors, such as lopinavir and darunavir, which has been reported as potent drugs against 3CL pro of SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337813-r9okti1v author = Wiwanitkit, Viroj title = Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 276 sentences = 26 flesch = 50 summary = key: cord-337813-r9okti1v title: Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 cord_uid: r9okti1v The letter "Beware of Time Delay and Differential Diagnosis when Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 in Surgical Cancer Patients" by Ghannam and Souadka 1 is very interesting. The authors conclude that "in low-risk COVID-19 urgent surgical procedures with an initial negative symptom screen, we recommend carrying out a new symptom screening before each patient movement." I agree with this suggestion. Symptomatic screening seems to be a poor screening tool because many patients can have no symptoms and transmit disease to medical personnel. The high cost of the polymerase chain reaction test might limit the use in some poor, developing countries. The most important consideration is the universal precautions practice for any patient undergoing an operation regardless of screening result. Beware of time delay and differential diagnosis when screening for symptoms of COVID-19 in surgical cancer patients cache = ./cache/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337896-mct29erg author = Kornbluth, Asher title = Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5111 sentences = 212 flesch = 55 summary = A number of the major GI societies, the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, 3 British Society of Gastroenterology, 4 European Crohn's and Colitis Organization, 5 The American Gastroenterology Association, 6 and the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) 7 have published guidelines regarding treating the IBD patient with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. 8 The key features are that the patient without proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 should continue on their current medications with aggressive attempts to reduce steroid usage because this is the only single agent that has been associated with increased poor outcomes with COVID-19, defined in the SECURE registry as a composite score of hospitalization, intubation, or death. 14 We are now participating in the development of a database that will follow patients after clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to determine the courses and outcomes of the IBD and of any sequelae or recurrence of COVID-19 after any drug therapy has been suspended. cache = ./cache/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337878-hiylqqie author = Namasivayam, Abirami title = Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2519 sentences = 153 flesch = 49 summary = To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. cache = ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337692-b89ow1mf author = Petti, S. title = Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5103 sentences = 251 flesch = 41 summary = Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. An apparently perplexing characteristic of the reported association between the two mortality rates was that while influenza virus circulation during the seasons considered in the present analysis was uncontrolled, SARS-CoV-2 circulation was probably limited by the widespread exceptional public health measures implemented in Europe [32] . This study reported an inverse association between number of hospital beds and mortality rates (Table 2) , thus showing that high influenza and COVID-19 mortality was also due to inefficiencies of the healthcare systems, and corroborated by data from several European countries [45] . cache = ./cache/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337831-f408yix9 author = Prince, David S title = The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 434 sentences = 32 flesch = 51 summary = title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia We would like to formally acknowledge the Australian gastroenterology advanced trainees who took part in this survey to participate. The majority (66/83, 79.5%) of ATs reported concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on training with limited access to endoscopy training being the greatest concern (72/83, 87%). Twenty-five ATs (30%) were prohibited from performing emergency endoscopy due to safety concerns. This survey highlights that COVID-19 has raised significant concerns for Australian gastroenterology ATs particularly in relation to endoscopy training. Indeed, it is likely that in nations more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic the impact on trainees may be longer and more profound. In conclusion, we hope our survey can help to inform and guide modifications to training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Considerations for Australian endoscopy units during the COVID19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 author = Della Rosa, Asia title = What does COVID‐19 distract us from? A migration studies perspective on the inequities of attention date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 280 sentences = 25 flesch = 64 summary = key: cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 cord_uid: 6qs6m7h7 In our spaces of exclusion from wealth and rights, now absent from public discourse, it is in the camps where COVID-19 will be most deadly (Oishi and Alam 2020) , and yet migrants themselves are already being constructed as potential public health risks. These spaces of exclusion, exposure and condemnation to suffering this disease have no public health infrastructure nor hope of practising 'social distancing' (Médecins sans Frontières 2020). These people are those whose suffering we long ago decided to distance ourselves from socially. Against ascendant and narrow nationalisms, we must respond with a mass mobilisation of care and the evacuation of these spaces of exception cum graveyards. Why don't health care frontline professionals do more for segregated Roma? Evacuation of squalid Greek camps more urgent than ever over COVID-19 fears Discrimination as a health systems response to forced migration cache = ./cache/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337906-qis8h3r3 author = Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan title = Transaminitis is an indicator of mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3089 sentences = 174 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study of 130 consecutive patients with a positive COVID PCR test admitted between March 16, 2020 to May 14, 2020 at a tertiary care University-based medical center. The Wilcoxon-rank sum test and paired t-test were used for comparing non-parametric and parametric continuous variables respectively and a multivariable logistic regression models to study the association between transaminitis and mortality using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, United States). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that transaminitis on admission was associated with severe clinical outcomes such as admission to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. The clinical impact of the hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 infection has led to our attempt to describe the association of transaminitis with patient morbidity and mortality in the Central New York population. Describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients and study the association between transaminitis and all-cause mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337842-q03884i9 author = Iaboni, Andrea title = Achieving Safe, Effective and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults with Dementia in Nursing Homes. date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1959 sentences = 97 flesch = 49 summary = As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Nursing homes that have not yet been impacted by COVID-19 have a narrow window of opportunity to prepare for the isolation of residents with dementia and front-line staff are now looking to their leadership and government bodies to help prepare to take these actions as safely and compassionately as possible Nursing home staff are experiencing moral distress due to the potential harms associated isolation of residents, as well as the severe consequences if these infection control measures are not effectively implemented. While international guidance has been consistent in recommending isolation of residents of nursing homes with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (1), none of these guidelines directly address the practical challenges faced when trying to isolate people with dementia effectively while maintaining their safety and human dignity. cache = ./cache/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338049-en9ktl4s author = Naarding, P. title = COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1488 sentences = 78 flesch = 55 summary = After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists. A brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care is presented below, followed by a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges facing geriatric psychiatrists. Many aspects of mental health care facilities make older patients with psychiatric disorders susceptible to the rapid spread of COVID-19 [5] . To comply with national policies on the spread of COVID-19 and protect geriatric psychiatric patients, specific COVID-19 isolation units with 5-9 beds were set up in most mental health centers. The case-vignettes described above illustrate the immediate clinical challenges we faced in our mental health services for older people during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. cache = ./cache/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337946-qpa6tk6v author = Hsu, C.-Y. title = Efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with a simulated two-arm controlled study date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2550 sentences = 128 flesch = 54 summary = We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity ( Figure 2 of the original article 7 ) that are classified into low-(no and low oxygen supplement), medium-(non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity ( Figure 2 of the original article 7 ) that are classified into low-(no and low oxygen supplement), medium-(non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. cache = ./cache/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337837-5uynih1y author = Nowakowski, Alexandra C H title = Brave New Lungs: Aging in the Shadow of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2695 sentences = 140 flesch = 50 summary = In the process, it summarizes lessons from established patient populations aging with progressive lung disease—using cystic fibrosis as a prominent example from the author's lived experience—that may enhance the experiences of older COVID-19 survivors. Clinicians and researchers alike can prepare to work with people growing older with COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reviewing current knowledge about aging with progressive fibrotic lung pathology secondary to other conditions. Researchers and clinicians focused on aging and old people care should thus consider the promise of different drugs demonstrated to help with the management of chronic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the appropriateness of using these therapies with people whose lung damage originated with COVID-19 specifically-and how that may differ in patients of older age at onset. More experienced patients whose pulmonary fibrosis originated with other conditions can thus offer valuable support in developing both best clinical practices and responsive community resources for aging and older adults with long-term respiratory impacts from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338001-jig46hsk author = Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3418 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = In the small cohort from Tongji Hospital (6), Wuhan, one out of the six children with COVID-19 was admitted to intensive care. Given that children appear to have mild disease and may have a clinical picture similar to that of viral bronchiolitis, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for respiratory support would likely be preferred amongst PICU clinicians. Caregivers are close contacts of the infected patient, although they may be asymptomatic at the time-in the Wuhan Children's Hospital series with active case finding of close contacts, 90% of confirmed cases had family members who were either confirmed or suspect disease (5) . Given the low rates of critical illness due to COVID-19, this process will likely exert more impact on day-to-day processes in PICUs than sick patients with confirmed infection. Paediatric Intensive Care Society UK: PICS Guidance on Management of Critically Ill Children With COVID-19 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337917-vvvo5t4h author = Tempe, Dr. Deepak K. title = Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3390 sentences = 179 flesch = 60 summary = This article describes the measures taken and challenges faced in creating the ICU beds to cater to the anticipated load of patients in the state of Delhi, India. The main challenges faced among others were, estimating the number of ICU beds to be created; deciding the dedicated Covid hospitals; procurement of ventilators, personal protection equipment and other related material; mobilizing the human resource and their training; and providing isolated in-house accommodation to the staff on duty. 5 It was a challenging task to estimate the numbers and after deliberating on various aspects, it was proposed that there is a need to be prepared for at least 3000 ICU beds with ventilation facility in Delhi. With this background, a comprehensive plan of requirements for all the aspects of providing care to the Covid-19 patients including among others, infrastructure, equipment, disposables, medicines, human resource and several others was planned, DKT agreed to be the nodal officer for training and supervising the facilities in the ICU services at Delhi government hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337898-ncrbd8rp author = Pal, Rimesh title = Comment on “Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID‐19?” date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1078 sentences = 85 flesch = 47 summary = However, pioglitazone use is also associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease [4] [5] [6] . Although pioglitazone does have anti-inflammatory properties independent of its glucose-lowering effect, it is debatable whether it would be of any benefit in COVID-19. Thus, in absence of robust clinical data favoring its use in either COVID-19 or T2DM, advocating hydroxychloroquine for its anti-inflammatory effects is certainly not wise. Pioglitazone Use and Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease: Data This article is protected by copyright. Effect of pioglitazone on heart function and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with type 2 diabetes Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) The effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are refractory to sulfonylureas-a randomized trial cache = ./cache/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337818-mhmc3ts8 author = Majek, O. title = Modelling the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic and the role of government interventions date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1697 sentences = 105 flesch = 49 summary = A series of early measures was adopted over the following weeks in accordance with the Public Health Protection Act and the Act on the Security of the Czech Republic (Table 1) , leading to rather favourable results after the first wave of epidemic (87 cases and 3 deaths per 100,000 population at the end of May, compared to 269 cases and 32 deaths per 100,000 population in the entire EU/EEA and UK). [3] A simple epidemiological model was developed at the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic to help decision-makers understand the course of the epidemics including an estimation of the effective reproduction number, [4] and to facilitate short-term predictions. In line with the general testing policy applicable in the Czech Republic in the respective time period, testing was assumed only in symptomatic is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337995-z4rcczki author = Moris, Dimitrios title = Kidney Transplant Recipients Infected By COVID‐19: Review of the Initial Published Experience date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2737 sentences = 199 flesch = 43 summary = The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature specifically in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, post‐operative outcomes and therapeutic strategies currently employed. This review highlights the clinical spectrum currently reported in COVID-19 infected KTx patients, which may vary from asymptomatic and treated on an outpatient basis, to severely Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia Immunosuppressive therapy maintenance in a kidney transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A case report Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? Successful recovery from severe COVID-19 pneumonia after kidney transplantation: The interplay between immunosuppression and novel therapy including tocilizumab Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a renal transplant recipient: Case report cache = ./cache/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338097-kdrq81w5 author = Brescia, Marilia D'Elboux Guimarães title = “Green July” 2020 and Another Good Reason to Quit Smoking: Help to Stop Spreading SARS-COV-2 and Save Lives! date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1205 sentences = 83 flesch = 64 summary = In Brazil, the initiative has been a great success coordinated by the Brazilian Society of Head and Neck Surgery (BSHNS), and it was expanded to one entire month, named "Green July." All around the country, besides press and television interviews and social media posts, members of the BSHNS and its accredited training centers run talks, shows and physical activities with the population to encourage healthy habits and to avoid exposure to the major risk factors associated with head and neck cancer. 2 Fortunately, for the time being, we are unaware of any Brazilian head and neck surgeons dying of SARS-Cov-2, even though the risk of severe infection to this medical specialty is quite real. Besides their individual risk for head and neck cancer, smoking is now a major risk factor for transmitting SARS-Cov 2. Tobacco Smoking a Potential Risk Factor in Transmission of COVID-19 Infection cache = ./cache/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338006-z7j6qsjs author = Ramos-Martínez, Antonio title = Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis during Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2333 sentences = 123 flesch = 43 summary = Two patients died during hospital admission Conclusions The incidence of HAIE during COVID-19 pandemic in our institution was higher than usual. Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) is a severe complication of medical procedures that has shown a progressive increase in recent years (9) (10) (11) . Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) is a severe complication of medical procedures that has shown a progressive increase in recent years (9) (10) (11) . Our hospital has an endocarditis team composed of different specialists who actively seek out cases of IE by reviewing patients with fever (infectious disease department) and the information reported daily through microbiology (blood cultures) and cardiology (echocardiography findings). The incidence of HAIE per 1000 days of stay during the study period was 0.119 and during the months of March and April of the previous 5 years it was 0.0194 (p <0.001) According to Duke's criteria, the first 3 cases were classified as definite IE whereas the 4 th was classified as possible IE (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338024-8kq5nzv5 author = Lee, Sokbae title = Sparse HP filter: Finding kinks in the COVID-19 contact rate() date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7358 sentences = 569 flesch = 75 summary = In this paper, we estimate the time-varying COVID-19 contact rate of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. To estimate a SIR-type model, Fernández-Villaverde and Jones (2020) allowed for a time-varying contact rate to reflect behavioral and policy-induced changes associated with social distancing. To extract the time-varying signal from the noisy measurements, we consider nonparametric trend filters that produce possibly multiple kinks in β t where the kinks are induced by government policies and changes in individual behavior. To document and monitor outbreaks of COVID-19, we propose to use piecewise constant contact growth rates using the piecewise linear trend estimates from the sparse HP filter. Table 1 reports the time-varying contact growth rates in the five countries that we investigate, using the sparse HP trend estimates. We have developed a novel method to estimate the time-varying COVID-19 contact rate using data on actively infected, recovered and deceased cases. cache = ./cache/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338086-87wfjiqm author = Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos title = Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1383 sentences = 86 flesch = 51 summary = Occupational physicians can play key roles in monitoring workers' health and developing effective return to work guidelines. The combined use of SARS-CoV-2 viral-RNA detection and serological antibody determination could improve the management of COVID-19 patients, but timing is important. Therefore, best practice for safe return to work after COVID-19 requires accurately identifying the final phases of the disease, where the worker is clinically recovered and no longer contagious. Therefore, to develop evidence-based return to work guidelines, articles based on coronavirus diagnosis using genomic and serological testing and articles related to infectivity and immunity were reviewed with the same dates and criteria. Return to work guideline for higher risk workers with COVID-19. For return to work of COVID-19 close contacts, we propose the algorithms summarized in Figure 3 . NY STATE Protocols for Essential Personnel to Return to Work Following COVID-19 Exposure or Infection cache = ./cache/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337965-z39q8ebq author = Kvernland, Alexandra title = Anticoagulation use and Hemorrhagic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated at a New York Healthcare System date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3750 sentences = 182 flesch = 37 summary = The clinical characteristics, underlying stroke mechanism, and outcomes in this particular subset of patients are especially salient as therapeutic anticoagulation becomes increasingly common in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic complications of COVID-19. This is a retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients with radiologic confirmation of acute hemorrhagic stroke during the specified time frame patients admitted to one of three comprehensive stroke centers in New York: NYU Langone Manhattan, NYU Langone Brooklyn (Sunset Park, Brooklyn), and NYU Langone Winthrop (Mineola, Long Island) with hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)) hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020. Clinical variables included history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, prior intracerebral hemorrhage, home medications (including antiplatelets and anticoagulants), presenting symptoms, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, date of likely stroke symptom onset (based on last known well or abstractors' clinical judgment), ICH score, and the systolic blood pressure (closest to the time of hemorrhagic stroke diagnosis). cache = ./cache/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337958-472xu87g author = Zuberi, Maaz K. title = SHOULD I BE CONCERNED? SURGICAL TRAINING IN THE TIME OF COVID19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2993 sentences = 142 flesch = 45 summary = 1, 2 In light of the expected decline in case volumes for the residents, the American Board of Surgery (ABS) has responded by changing its graduation requirements for the current academic year; it has reduced required annual work weeks to 44 from 48 and slashed required surgical cases by 10%. Even though there is a looming fear of contracting the disease, junior residents share a feeling of achievement in being able to support our medical colleagues during these tough times, and we believe that this crucial experience will not only help improve our ventilator management skills but also enable us to better understand the critically ill patient. Understandably, most ER and medical residencies have reduced their resident exposure by only having attendings manage COVID positive patients, however this structure is not always possible for general surgery programs. cache = ./cache/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338039-mxky1ai7 author = Abu-Rayash, Azzam title = Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3970 sentences = 217 flesch = 51 summary = title: Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities Given the impact of COVID-19, forecasted GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector for 2020is evaluated to be 93 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Therefore, any crisis-induced changes to this sector or the mobility behavior due to COVID-19 will result in significant global implications from an energy and greenhouse gas emissions' (GHG) perspective.  Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the global transportation demand  Assessing the energy savings and GHG emission reductions due to conserved mobility  Forecasting the transportation demand considering behavioral changes stemming from COVID-19  Investigating any long-term shifts in transport preferences due to COVID-19 GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector has been modeled for 2020 to 2023 given historical data and COVID-19 impacts. cache = ./cache/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338090-8uu8kl9v author = Liao, Jie‐lan title = Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3521 sentences = 232 flesch = 50 summary = title: Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia The variables consolidation, boundary feature, large cable sign, and crazy‐paving sign were the most significant factors, based on a variable named 'prediction of progression or remission' (PPR) that we constructed. In the present study, we analyzed the CT images from 107 COVID-19 cases, and examined the distinctive characteristics of both the progression and remission stages. Consistently, the round-shape lesion proportion, GGO ratio, consolidation ratio, large cable signs, and crazy-paving signs in the remission stage were no longer correlated with the progression stage (Table 4 ). Using logistic (two-tailed) regression, we found the consolidation, boundary feature, large cable sign, and crazy-paving sign variables were the most significant factors distinguishing between progression and remission (Table 5 ). We revealed that the characteristics of round shape, GGO, consolidation, large cable sign, and crazypaving sign significantly change between the progression and remission stages. cache = ./cache/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338131-6y96eyoq author = Galvez, A. title = Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times? date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1331 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = Despite current surgical recommendations [1] advising against routine laparoscopy in COVID-19 patients for aerosolization concerns; a laparoscopic approach was decided given availability of laparoscopic high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters (PlumePort® ActiV®. These medications are well-described sources of marginal Regarding the operative approach for this patient; current guidelines [3] recommend avoiding the use of routine laparoscopy in COVID-19 patients if possible, due to the risk of biological fluid aerosolization. All of these are well-known and well-described benefits of the minimally invasive surgical approach [8] , which harmonize well with current clinical recommendations [7] in the management of COVID-19. The current COVID-19 pandemic mandates strict aerosol and body fluid precautions during surgery, but the benefits of the laparoscopic approach-a high aerosol-creating procedureshould not be overlooked in carefully selected patients if the appropriate equipment is available. The minimally invasive approach to a perforated marginal ulcer in this complicated COVID-19 positive patient led to an excellent postoperative outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338140-p88fgojk author = Cervantes-Pérez, Enrique title = Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in a Non-critical Care Setting: Knowledge in Progress date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3964 sentences = 214 flesch = 42 summary = The purpose of this review is to provide concise guidance for the nutritional management of individuals with COVID-19 based on the current literature and focused on those in the non-ICU setting or with an older age and polymorbidity, which are independently associated with malnutrition and its negative impact on mortality. Numerous cases of pneumonia caused by a new virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were initially reported in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide possible and potential nutritional interventions on novel coronaviruses for clinicians. Older adults and polymorbid individuals suffering from chronic and acute disease conditions are at increased risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with the COVID-19-causing virus. cache = ./cache/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338023-gb5jgqcg author = Obara, Shinju title = Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2820 sentences = 123 flesch = 39 summary = title: Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission Because SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via aerosols and surface contaminations of the environment, appropriate use of anesthesia machines and appropriate behavior in the operation room (OR) are required specifically in relation to this disease. For patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection, recommendations are use of (1) a high-performance hydrophobic filter (artificial nose) with a high rate of virus rejection (viral filtration efficiency > 99.99% [12] ), and (2) use of a viral filter at the expiratory gas inlet of the anesthesia machine from the expiratory circuit to protect the machine from viruses passing through the artificial nose [12, 13] . Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 Coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338145-al2m9lou author = Wolka, Eskinder title = Awareness Towards Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Prevention Methods in Selected Sites in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Quick, Exploratory, Operational Assessment date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4995 sentences = 267 flesch = 55 summary = The government of Ethiopia has taken several measures such as shutting down of schools including universities, restricting the movement of people under a State of Emergency (stay at home), introducing chains of training programs for health workers, identifying isolation areas and hospitalization sites, starting screening tests at Bole International Airport and different engagement in mobilizing resources including equipment, supplies, food, money and educating the people about the disease and preventive methods, and so on. Hand washing, avoiding hand shaking, wearing masks and gloves, using sanitizer, physical distancing, general personal hygiene, holy water, consuming hot drinks, chili papers, garlic and ginger were identified as prevention methods of the disease by participants of in-depth interview. Participants noted challenges like consistent availability of water, affordability of materials used to keep hygiene for the rural poor, keeping physical distancing in funeral area and markets, lack of awareness (particularly in rural areas), difficulty of avoiding usual trend of greetings like hand shaking in rural areas, not obeying rules and instructions, misunderstanding on lifting of some of the restrictions like allowing motorbike movement, stigmatizing people with cough. cache = ./cache/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338079-udybki7w author = Hughes, Christopher title = Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1006 sentences = 67 flesch = 51 summary = Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge. COVID-19 is primarily a disease with respiratory manifestations [1] , but there are increasing reports of cardiovascular [2, 3] and thromboembolic complications [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We report the first case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease with respiratory manifestations [1] , there are increasing reports of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications which are important for clinicians to be aware of. Expert consensus suggests prophylactic treatment with LMWH should be considered during admission and for 7-14 days after discharge for patients with COVID-19. A prothrombotic state is a risk factor for CVTS and this patient was positive for COVID-19. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a consensus statement before guidelines cache = ./cache/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338189-j4hnldk4 author = Saadat, Saeida title = Environmental perspective of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3970 sentences = 208 flesch = 60 summary = The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world. There are some factors that contribute to the risk of COVID-19 but they are probably felt differently by different socioeconomic groups (Lipsitch et al., 2020) -People who have had medical problems of diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, or even high blood pressure and cancer are at higher risk from coronavirus (Giannis et al., 2020; Fang et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2020) . The major death cases of coronavirus outbreak are happening mainly in old people probably because of a poor immune system that allows rapid growth of viral infections. cache = ./cache/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338005-kbkvk94k author = Deng, Qing title = Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4108 sentences = 211 flesch = 53 summary = title: Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study CONCLUSION: Our scoring system provides a more quantitative use of LUS findings and accurate evaluation of lung damage for critically ill patients with COVID-19. The timely and accurate evaluation of lung lesions is very important in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and chest computed tomography (CT) is considered the 'gold-standard' imaging technique (9) . In this study, by analyzing ultrasonic data in 128 cases, we aimed to summarize the findings of LUS and to explore the value of semiquantitative LUS scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19. We used an LUS score for the first time, to our knowledge, to evaluate and follow-up pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Our study showed that semiquantitative LUS scores were highly correlated with chest CT scores and could be effectively used to evaluate the lung lesions of patients with severe pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337926-6ddvqowr author = Farrell, Sarah title = Recommendations for the Care of Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients During the COVID Pandemic date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3105 sentences = 187 flesch = 47 summary = The COVID pandemic has necessitated modifications to pediatric orthopaedic practice to protect patients, families, and healthcare workers and to minimize viral transmission. These guidelines, based on expert opinion and best available evidence, provide a framework for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID pandemic. Recommendations-General considerations [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] (1) Limit in-person patient review to definitive decision-maker (Attending surgeon) (1) Minimize personnel-excuse medical students and company representatives (2) Avoid laminar flow (3) Use N95 masks and gogglespower tools may be associated with significant droplet and fine particle generation (4) Use additional face shield-can be reusable (5) Do not use pulse lavage (6) Limit team in the operating room during high-risk periods-intubation/extubation (7) Use electrocautery with smoke evacuator (8) Use absorbable sutures as much as possible (9) Use clear dressings (10) Avoid PICO dressings (11) Use splints and removable casts cache = ./cache/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338203-le5lbw5y author = O’Reilly, GM title = Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID‐19: Results from the first month of the COVED Quality Improvement Project (COVED‐2). date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2848 sentences = 151 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study that includes all adult patients presenting to The Alfred Hospital ED who undergo testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. As cases accumulate, the COVED Project aims to determine and report the clinical and epidemiological predictors of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and the requirement for intensive respiratory support among patients presenting to the ED with suspected COVID-19. In the first full month of the COVED Project, the daily number and proportion of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test remained relatively low, but the rate of patients presenting to the ED with suspected COVID-19 increased significantly. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positive results over the first full month of the COVED Project has precluded valid inferential analyses regarding how COVID-19 patients differ in terms of their demographic features, clinical presentation, severity risk factors, need for intensive respiratory support and key outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338231-uni4aqxo author = Shi, Puyu title = Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4306 sentences = 230 flesch = 55 summary = title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study In this study, we focused on Shaanxi province as a region with imported and second-generation cases and described the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 134 COVID-19 cases in this province with a hope to provide some insight into the prevention and treatment of the disease in China and elsewhere. This retrospective study included 134 confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted and treated in 10 designated hospitals across nine cities (Xi'an, Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Weinan, Xianyang, Shangluo, Yan'an and Tongchuan) in Shaanxi province from 23 January 2020 to 7 March 2020 (Supplementary Table S1 ). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338251-r31xh0fw author = Assi, Tarek title = The management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4118 sentences = 210 flesch = 49 summary = The STAMPEDE trial also compared abiraterone acetate and docetaxel in patients with mHSPC and showed no evidence of a difference in overall or prostate cancer-specific survival, or other important outcomes such as symptomatic skeletal events. Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer â�¢ In the metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer setting, three antihormonal agents (apalutamide, enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate) and docetaxel were approved in addition to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). â�¢ Novel antihormonal therapy in combination with ADT seems a plausible option among patients with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and docetaxel can be safely postponed until later lines in a subset of patients with low tumor burden after the control of the pandemic. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (LATITUDE): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, Phase III trial Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III study cache = ./cache/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338341-bywxb8e4 author = Nanda, Tavish title = A Measured Approach to Inpatient Ophthalmologic Screening in the COVID-19 Era: A Multicenter Perspective date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 863 sentences = 56 flesch = 41 summary = With hospital 34 systems attempting to limit spread amongst their own workforce and the added effort of 35 minimizing non-urgent interventions, ophthalmology has found itself tasked with optimizing 36 care while performing a new risk-benefit analysis on virus transmissibility and patient/physician 37 exposure. A screening examination for ocular findings is one of the most common ophthalmologic 42 inpatient consultations for any patient that develops a Candida bloodstream infection 43 (candidemia). These findings appear consistent with several institutional experiences, including New Outside of candidemia, it is important to analyze the physician's role in all screening 70 examinations, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, pre-lung transplant clearance, and 71 ocular lymphoma. Utility of ophthalmologic screening for 125 patients with Candida bloodstream infections: a systematic review Clinical utility of pre-transplant ophthalmic 144 consultation for lung transplant recipients: implications in the COVID-19 pandemic era cache = ./cache/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338143-2v4lrlcl author = Pana, T. A. title = Number of International Arrivals Predicts Severity of the first Global Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3482 sentences = 222 flesch = 51 summary = Potential predictors assessed were most recently published Demographic parameters (population and population density, percentage population living in urban areas, median age, average body mass index, smoking prevalence), Economic parameters (Gross Domestic Product per capita; environmental parameters: pollution levels, mean temperature (January-April)), co-morbidities (prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and cancer), health systems parameters (WHO Health Index and hospital beds per 10,000 population and international arrivals). The following predictors were used: demographic predictors (population and population density, percentage population living in urban areas, median age, average body mass index (BMI), smoking prevalence), economic predictors (gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita), environmental predictors (pollution levels, mean temperature (January-April) [2010] [2011] [2012] [2013] [2014] [2015] [2016] ), prevalent co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension and cancer), health systems predictors (WHO Health Index and hospital beds per 10, 000 population) and international arrivals, as a proxy measure of the globalisation status of each country. cache = ./cache/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338359-pd4bfjet author = Yu, J. title = Risk assessment of admission procedures for cancer patients during the convalescence of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1094 sentences = 74 flesch = 49 summary = Conclusions: Unbiased proteomic profiling of COVID-19 patient serum identified a panel of candidate protein biomarkers that associate with tocilizumab treatment response as well as the ensuing course of the disease. Background: There are limited data on cancer patients (pts) and the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) respiratory disease (COVID-19). We aim to evaluate the frequency of ILI in cancer pts during the pandemic, and to identify high-risk subjects to test for COVID-19. Results: Overall, 562 pts were enrolled: 13 (2%) pts had a positive SARS-CoV2 swab, none of which performed on the basis of triage procedures or questionnaires, rather detected through telephone communications and triage; 52 (9%) pts reported suspect symptoms and/or laboratory tests. The incidence of both COVID-19 diagnosis (2%), and SARS-CoV2 Ab positivity in pts tested on the basis of suspect symptoms (<1%), were similar to those observed in the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338317-ro041w5l author = Lockhart, Sam M. title = When two pandemics meet: Why is obesity associated with increased COVID-19 mortality? date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4664 sentences = 247 flesch = 47 summary = Thus, the association of obesity with worse 105 outcomes in acute lung infection or widespread alveolar damage of other types, appears to be 106 strongest and most consistent with COVID-19 and pandemic H1N1 influenza. In addition to being lower in obesity and most insulin 168 resistant states it is worth noting that adiponectin levels have been reported to be significantly 169 lower in many of the COVID-19 "at risk" groups e.g. Male < Females 20 and South Asians < White 170 is secreted from adipose tissue, associated with insulin resistance and likely contributes to 197 thrombotic risk in obesity by impairing fibrinolysis 23 . In summary, we have applied insights into the pathophysiology of the adverse consequences of 279 obesity and emerging evidence regarding the pathological mechanisms in COVID-19 to suggest 280 possible routes whereby obesity can exacerbate the tissue damage associated with infection by the 281 SARS-CoV-2 virus. cache = ./cache/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338285-7rrq3o7n author = Sivakumar, Bellie title = COVID-19 and water date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2178 sentences = 101 flesch = 54 summary = I point out that our efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 will increase the water demand and worsen the water quality, leading to additional challenges in water planning and management. In view of the impacts of COVID-19 and other global-scale phenomena influencing water resources (e.g., global climate change), I highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers studying water and new strategies to address water issues. Therefore, mitigating or controlling the spread of COVID-19 is highly challenging in these regions, as it necessitates identifying, accessing, and supplying significant quantity of additional water resources all around (not to mention the social-distancing). For instance, use of more water (and also soap and disinfectants) to wash one's hands to control the spread of COVID-19 will increase the quantity of wastewater, with perhaps even poorer quality, coming from homes, workplaces, and other public places. cache = ./cache/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338365-9sd62a2w author = Patrício Silva, Ana L. title = Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7418 sentences = 354 flesch = 42 summary = This paper provides a comprehensive review on the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures in the environment while considering the shift on public behaviour and policies towards single-use items and waste management. At first glance COVID-19 pandemic seems to be indirectly contributing towards the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (namely 11, 12, 13, 15 SGDs) by increasing overall health and safety of cities by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), outdoor air pollution, environmental noise level (including underwater noise due to reduced marine transportation activities), land and wildlife pressure. While the positive impacts of COVID-19 in the environment are resulting from a "postponed" anthropogenic activity that soon will entail after the pandemic scenario; the negative short-term effects (that are mostly related with plastic use, consumption and waste mismanagement as discussed below) will shortly add-up to the current environmental issues, aggravating their impact in the natural ecosystems and compromising potential mitigation/remediation measures. cache = ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338417-7kw9lws0 author = Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title = Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3212 sentences = 172 flesch = 48 summary = RESULTS: From the pooled data of all ten available Chinese studies (n = 2209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, hypertension was present in nearly 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) in approximately 7% of patients. Emerging data suggests that older COVID-19 patients with other comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac and pulmonary disease are in particular more susceptible, compared to general populations and have higher mortality. We have systematically searched the PubMed medical database up till March 27, 2020 using MeSH key words that include Covid-19, coronavirus, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Interestingly, in the pooled data from the ten Chinese studies (n ¼ 2209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19; associations of hypertension, diabetes and presence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) are larger, varying from 15 to 30% (average 21%), 5e20% (average 11%) and 2e40% (average 7%) respectively (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338419-n8cmv8mf author = Carmelo, Juliana de Carvalho title = Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1734 sentences = 99 flesch = 56 summary = 2 Faced with this situation, many public health services, including dental clinics and dental radiology centers, have been required to change their daily routines and augment health care procedures to ensure the protection of both patients and service providers, given that COVID-19 is highly transmissible through contact with saliva droplets. Since dental professionals come into intimate contact with the patient's mouth when obtaining radiography and tomography images, the relevance of care is thus of the utmost importance. 5 -Clinical environment: The entire dental care environment should be sanitized and disinfected after the patient leaves: reflectors, chair, equipment, and surfaces with 70% alcohol, with vigorous rubbing, for 30 seconds, or a 0.5% to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. 11 With its high transmissibility and the possibility of asymptomatic carriers, COVID-19 presents a high risk of infection for dental radiology professionals, who could consequently transmit the disease to others. cache = ./cache/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338205-sy91rnse author = Li, Chenxi title = Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7515 sentences = 436 flesch = 51 summary = With limited understanding of COVID-19, it is difficult to exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a single negative PCR result, especially when testing was used for upper respiratory tract specimens. The study found that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in all primer-probe sets applied in the qRT-PCR tests, but significant discrepancy was observed in the detection limit and the ability to identify negatives and positives with a lower viral load. Compared with the qRT-PCR kit, nested RT-PCR analysis showed higher sensitivity and specificity, indicating that it is more suitable for clinical application to detect SARS-CoV-2 in cases with low viral load. In cases where RT-PCR assays are negative and there is a strong epidemiological link to SARS-CoV-2 infection, paired serum samples (in the acute and convalescent-phase) could support diagnosis once validated serology tests are available with the initial samples collected in the first week of COVID-19 and the second collected after 2-4 weeks [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338397-mbk0i13g author = Hadjiyiannakis, D. title = Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2378 sentences = 137 flesch = 38 summary = title: Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease Very early interim data from a US pilot trial in which older, comorbid patients with severe COVID-19 lung disease received LDRT (1.5 Gy) at standard dose rate are reassuring, with no acute deteriorations or measurable early toxicity [26] . We have outlined historical and contemporary evidence for a potential role of LDRT in managing the acute inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19 infection. In the absence of definitive, effective treatments for these patients, we believe that the potential benefits of LDRT outweigh the theoretical risks, and thus support its evaluation in carefully designed clinical trials. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID19 pneumonia unacceptable cache = ./cache/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338438-q5fis2v8 author = Young, Sean D. title = Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1442 sentences = 63 flesch = 40 summary = In this Note, we describe considerations for integrating technologies, such as telemedicine; social media, mobile applications (apps), and chatbots; and biosensors/wearables into clinical HIV care delivery and research, as well as case examples of current uses of these technologies in adapting to the changing clinical and research needs among populations at risk for and/living with HIV as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media, chatbots, and mobile apps have been studied across a number of clinical and public health settings, including patient outreach, screening and monitoring; intervention delivery; remote vital sign assessment; as well for providing treatment recommendations and retaining patients in care. COVID-19 will continue to impact the way that technologies are integrated into HIV clinical care and research long after the removal of social distancing policies, making it important to begin investing in the knowledge, infrastructure, and implementation of these technologies now to be prepared for the future. cache = ./cache/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338413-6vpfgwie author = Cinelli, Eleonora title = Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 708 sentences = 47 flesch = 42 summary = title: Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic 2 Here, we would like to report our Italian experience in providing medical care and ensuring educational opportunities for medical students and dermatology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. If visits can be carried out by video consultations, patients can benefit from a teledermatology service of our hospital. Instead, we have focused on providing online material for medical students in each department to improve knowledge of skin diseases, and how these specific outpatient or inpatient services work. Each resident is designated to a specific work group, where they either contribute to update a COVID-19 and dermatology newsletter examining the disease impact on skin diseases and their treatment, to contact our patients by telephone and email, or to assist in producing videos for medical students' teaching. cache = ./cache/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338415-6tmk7l89 author = Kihira, Shingo title = Neurovascular complications that can be seen in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 135 flesch = 51 summary = Hypercoagulable state has been described as one of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and has been reported to manifest as pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis of the abdominal small vessels. We present a series of cases of patients with COVID-19 presenting with intracranial and extracranial large vessel occlusions, intraparenchmal hemorrhage, and venous sinus thrombosis. Noncontrast head CT (Fig. 1 ) demonstrated subtle loss of gray-white differentiation in the right anterior middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 8. Subsequent MRI (Fig. 1d , e) demonstrated large acute infarct in the right MCA territory involving the right frontal-parietal-temporal lobes with associated cytotoxic edema and gyral swelling. These four cases include intracranial and extracranial large vessel occlusions, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and venous sinus thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, a few recently published case series have demonstrated ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in COVID-19 patients [19, [21] [22] [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338462-muetf7l1 author = OKPOKORO, E. title = Ecologic correlation between underlying population level morbidities and COVID-19 case fatality rate among countries infected with SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2743 sentences = 157 flesch = 53 summary = Of the 204 countries analyzed, only 11 countries (i.e. 5%) had complete datasets across all 5 population level morbidities (i.e. prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy, quality of air, and adult HIV prevalence variables). Conclusion: While we interpret our data with caution given the fact that this is an ecological study, our findings suggest that population level factors such as prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy and quality of air are positively correlated with CFR from COVID-19 but, adult HIV prevalence has a weak and negative correlation with COVID-19 CFR and would require extensive research. This ecological study has demonstrated that a substantial amount of the variation observed in case fatality rate associated with COVID-19 across 204 countries as at 31 st March 2020 could be explained by five population level morbidities such as; prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, adult HIV prevalence, quality of air and life expectancy. cache = ./cache/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338526-mn10j5i0 author = Berg, Michael B title = Prevalence and predictors of early COVID-19 behavioral intentions in the United States date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4238 sentences = 190 flesch = 45 summary = The current study examined participants' reported likelihood of engaging in eight behaviors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as critical for the prevention of COVID-19 at the outset of the epidemic. After rating their likelihood of engaging in the eight preventative behaviors described above, participants were asked to respond to a series of single-item measures that represented their self-efficacy, "How confident are you that you will be able to engage in the preventative behaviors listed in the previous question (e.g., wash hands, avoid crowded areas)?" and their perceived threat, including both their perceived susceptibility, "How likely do you think it is that you will eventually become infected with the coronavirus?" and the perceived severity of the illness "If you do become infected with the coronavirus, how damaging do you believe it will be to your health?" Each of these items was rated on a five-point Likert-type scale where lower numbers represented less of that belief (e.g., "not at all likely") and higher numbers corresponded to a stronger belief (e.g., "extremely likely"). Of the various health beliefs, self-efficacy, perceived severity, and external locus of control (powerful others) were each distinctly able to predict compliance with prevention guidelines despite the relatively high anticipated compliance with the behavior guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338279-so0hpph4 author = Flores, Stefan title = “Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic” date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 872 sentences = 62 flesch = 54 summary = title: "Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic" More specifically, COVID-19 has changed the way we approach patient and family member interactions. In order to meet the needs of COVID patients, services 11 such as Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care have responded rapidly by adopting 12 novel ways of practicing medicine. In order to meet the needs of COVID patients, services 11 such as Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care have responded rapidly by adopting 12 novel ways of practicing medicine. We describe the use of telepalliative medicine (TM) 13 implemented in an Emergency Department (ED) setting to allow family members the 14 ability to interact with their loved ones during critical illness, and even during end of life. We describe the use of telepalliative medicine (TM) 13 implemented in an Emergency Department (ED) setting to allow family members the 14 ability to interact with their loved ones during critical illness, and even during end of life. cache = ./cache/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338436-0z828org author = Tzou, Philip L. title = Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8193 sentences = 522 flesch = 46 summary = Results: As of August 2020, the Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB; covdb.stanford.edu) contained over 2800 cell culture, entry assay, and biochemical experiments, 259 animal model studies, and 73 clinical studies from over 400 published papers. Figure 4 displays EC 50 values for many of the directly acting antiviral compounds currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 including six polymerase inhibitors (remdesivir, EIDD-2801, favipiravir, ribavirin, galidesivir, and sofosbuvir), three HIV-1 protease inhibitors (lopinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir), and three entry inhibitors (receptor binding monoclonal antibodies, soluble recombinant human ACE2, and umifenovir). Viruses 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 22 Table 4 describes a set of the most promising compounds for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 based on the following criteria: (i) act by a validated direct or indirect antiviral mechanism, (ii) display submicromolar activity in vitro and/or inhibitory activity in an animal model, and (iii) have a record of safety and favorable pharmacokinetics in human subjects. cache = ./cache/cord-338436-0z828org.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338436-0z828org.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338346-e3fk6gz2 author = Oliveros, Estefania title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2482 sentences = 158 flesch = 46 summary = 24 The Council on Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology has highlighted the lack of evidence supporting the harmful effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in the context of the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. 25 The Council on Hypertension strongly recommends that physicians and patients should continue treatment with their usual antihypertensive therapy because there is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs should be discontinued because of COVID-19 infection. American Heart Association statement said there were no experimental or clinical data demonstrating beneficial or adverse outcomes with background use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs or other RAAS antagonists among COVID-19 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease treated with such agents. Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or who have had a heart transplant are a particularly challenging group to manage in the current pandemic. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338466-7uvta990 author = Singh, Brijesh P. title = Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9001 sentences = 478 flesch = 57 summary = For the spread of COVID-19, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. The logistic growth regression model is used for the estimation of the final size and its peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the World and found similar result obtained by SIR model (Batista, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338416-vuu8x48x author = Hamer, Mark title = Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2355 sentences = 129 flesch = 51 summary = title: Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom We conducted a large-scale general population study using data from a community-dwelling sample in England (n = 334,329; 56.4 ±8.1 y; 54.5% women) with prospective linkage to national registry on hospitalization for COVID-19. We conducted a large-scale general population study using data from a community-dwelling sample in England (n = 334,329; 56.4 ±8.1 y; 54.5% women) with prospective linkage to national registry on hospitalization for COVID-19. Various cohort studies have shown overweight and obesity to be associated with both increased (1, 2) and decreased risk (3) of community-acquired pneumonia and other upper respiratory tract infections, and also to protect against mortality from pneumonia (4-6). Accordingly, we examined the aetiological relation of overweight and obesity with new cases of COVID-19 hospitalizations in a general population-based cohort study with available biomarker data. cache = ./cache/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338478-gkes9a16 author = Haddad, S. title = Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1097 sentences = 69 flesch = 51 summary = title: Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient Because the patient presented with acute encephalopathy in the setting of HIV, he underwent a lumbar puncture (Table 2 ) with no white cells noted in the cerebrospinal fluid. As this was the first atypical presentation of COVID-19 witnessed by the hospital J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f staff, one of the main difficulties encountered was managing the patient's agitation while maintaining proper isolation precautions required for further imaging. One question involves the patient's history of well controlled HIV and COVID-19-induced leukopenia. If further cases of seizure activity are reported in COVID-19 positive patients, the usefulness of prophylactic antiepileptics will need to be evaluated especially if they present with significant encephalopathy even in the absence of abnormal brain anatomy. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study cache = ./cache/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338605-3i5pvcgu author = Antoun, Lina title = Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome A prospective cohort study date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2326 sentences = 135 flesch = 53 summary = Four out of total 23 COVID-19 pregnant patients (17.4%) developed severe adult respiratory distress syndrome complications requiring ICU support, one of whom led to maternal death 1/23 (4.3%). Of the 23 pregnant patients 19 were in their third trimester of pregnancy and delivered; 7/19 (36.8%) had preterm birth, 3/19 (15.8%) developed adult respiratory distress syndrome before delivery, and 2/19 (10.5%) had pre-eclampsia. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 Data from MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, indicate that infection in pregnancy tends to be severe and associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, including increased risk of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth [6] [7] [8] [9] . One new-born, who was delivered at 35 weeks by emergency C-section to black African patient due to severe COVID-19 respiratory symptoms requiring ventilation, had low Apgar score of 3 and 5, at 1 and 5 minutes respectively following delivery ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338493-ngvfz9dn author = Her, Minyoung title = Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1102 sentences = 57 flesch = 47 summary = During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Journal Pre-proof Stratified patient care directed by task force team and repurposing of treatment locations During the massive outbreak in Daegu, the epicenter of COVID-19 in South Korea, the shortage of beds would le d to patient deaths due to the lack of timely care. However, during the MERS outbreak, many strategies were devised that have been successfully adopted during the COVID-19 outbreak, such as the creation of task force teams for COVID-19, dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals. cache = ./cache/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338517-1mxcssjj author = Ishay, Yuval title = Antibody response to SARS‐Co‐V‐2, diagnostic and therapeutic implications date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7387 sentences = 399 flesch = 40 summary = The phage display method, allowing rapid and wide display of proteins directly correlated to their associated genes, can detect NAbs against SARS-CoV from both naïve and immune antibody libraries, capable of blocking the binding of S1 domain, thereby showing virus neutralization and prophylaxis capability either in vitro or in the animal models (31, 33, 36) . Another method, possibly allowing the production and utilization of existing NAbs, may include the use of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation of human B cells to improve the isolation of NAbs from the memory B cells harvested from the SARS-CoV infected patients (11) . Experimental and clinical data on the use of convalescent plasma products and humanized monoclonal antibodies for H5N1 influenza infection have also shown positive outcomes, and this treatment was proposed as a mean for overcoming anti-viral drug resistance (62, 79, 80) . In a study involving 20 patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, administration of convalescent plasma reduced respiratory tract viral load, serum cytokine response, and mortality (81) . cache = ./cache/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338467-7om13u87 author = Saqlain, M. title = Public Knowledge and Practices regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3609 sentences = 219 flesch = 56 summary = Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic required true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. Positive practices were significantly (OR>1.00, p<0.05) related to the older age ([≥]50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19. The study concluded that Pakistani residents had good knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. In context of the explanation above, the current study aimed to evaluate the current level of awareness regarding transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures of COVID-19 among the general population in Pakistan. Findings indicated that 80.55% (n=555) participants had good practice in following precautionary measures regarding COVID-19. A possible reason for less knowledge reported in this study could be explained by the fact that the majority of respondents attained COVID-19 related information from social media. cache = ./cache/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338498-3238fz73 author = Kleen, Thomas-Oliver title = Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends” date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12523 sentences = 559 flesch = 39 summary = Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends." One recent example of the need for continued vigilance is a study using Chinese macaques indicating cause for concern by showing that vaccine-induced, S-specific immunity in the form of anti-spike IgG resulted in severe ALI by skewing macrophage responses during subsequent, acute infection with closely related SARS-CoV (139) . cache = ./cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338481-jox35yg1 author = Tijjani, Salman Jidda title = Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states? date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1870 sentences = 77 flesch = 40 summary = Although the case fatality rate is very low as at 2nd of April [3] , there are public health concerns that the community transmissions of COVID-19 in Nigeria may exponentially rise in the coming weeks, and wreak havoc to nearly seven million people in dare need of humanitarian assistance across the conflict-affected Northeastern part of Nigeria [4] [5] [6] , which has since seen its first case of COVID-19 reported in Bauchi state on the 24th of March, 2020 [2] . The second factor which is anticipated to make COVID-19 response very challenging in this vulnerable population is the high prevalence of poverty, double burden of endemic infectious, and noncommunicable diseases [10] which has been on the increase since the emergence of the Boko Haram insurgency that has devastated the Northeastern part of Nigeria [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338633-pxxon1ni author = Zuo, Yu title = Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19 date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2782 sentences = 167 flesch = 41 summary = We found that remnants of NETs (cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, and citrullinated histone H3) and neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in patient sera were associated with higher risk of morbid thrombotic events in spite of prophylactic anticoagulation. Neutrophil-derived extracellular traps (NETs) play a pathogenic role in many thrombo-inflammatory states including sepsis [4, 5] , thrombosis [6] [7] [8] , and respiratory failure [9, 10] . Here, we describe 11 cases of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and demonstrate an association with neutrophil hyperactivity and NET release. As compared with the control group, patients with a thrombotic event demonstrated significantly higher levels of calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation (Fig. 1a) . Finally, we asked whether there was an association between blood markers of neutrophil activation (such as calprotectin and cell-free DNA) and D-dimer within this cohort of COVID-19 patients (n = 44). cache = ./cache/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338628-7l9b5mqp author = Nguyen-Huynh, Mai N. title = Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3260 sentences = 192 flesch = 60 summary = We aimed to compare temporal trends in volume of acute stroke alerts, patient characteristics, telestroke care, and short-term outcomes preand post-SIP orders. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, regional stroke alert and ischemic stroke discharge volumes decreased significantly in the early COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine whether a decrease in acute stroke presentations occurred during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Northern California and to assess differences in patient characteristics and hospital outcomes for those who presented for acute stroke evaluation during the pandemic compared with those who presented before the pandemic. Furthermore, patients presenting to the ED after May 9, 2020, were more similar to those in the pre-SIP cohort (January 1, 2019 to March 14, 2020) with regard to having a lower NIHSS score, higher percentage of stroke mimics, and fewer LVOs, but they were more similar to the post-SIP cohort (March 15, 2020 to May 9, 2020) with regard to arriving more by emergency medical services and having a lower Comorbidity Point Score, version 2, score (Tables I and II in the Data Supplement). cache = ./cache/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338580-zszeldfv author = Chang, Yu-Kai title = Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6620 sentences = 320 flesch = 41 summary = This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. cache = ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338626-x0d3qlj2 author = Etkin, Yana title = Acute arterial thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City area date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 710 sentences = 64 flesch = 57 summary = We describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute arterial ischemia and concomitant infection at the epicenter of cases in the United States. METHODS: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection between March 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020 with an acute arterial thromboembolic event were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: While the mechanism of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, the occurrence of such complication is associated with acute arterial ischemia which results in a high limb loss and mortality. From the world's largest experience with COVID-19, we report the clinical presentation, While the mechanism of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, the 102 occurrence of such complication is associated with acute arterial ischemia which results in a 103 high limb loss and mortality. Twenty-two (45%) patients 164 presented with signs of acute arterial ischemia and were subsequently diagnosed with COVIDThe rate of limb loss was 18% and overall, in-hospital mortality was 46%. cache = ./cache/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338571-1pp8v6nk author = Schmidt, Charles W. title = Lack of Handwashing Access: A Widespread Deficiency in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1003 sentences = 73 flesch = 55 summary = 1, 2 A new study in Environmental Health Perspectives reports that billions of people lack access to the handwashing resources needed for protection against this and other viruses. 7 For the current study, Brauer's team set out to estimate how many people in the world have access to handwashing facilities with soap and water. Where observational data were lacking, the team predicted access to handwashing stations based on surveys that documented the presence of piped water. Based on these analyses, the investigators estimated that approximately 2 billion people globally lacked handwashing Should the COVID-19 pandemic coincide with water shortages in such areas, the study authors wrote, "access will be further restricted and will disproportionately harm those who can least afford to pay for water." Hand sanitizers may provide a temporary alternative, and evidence from prior epidemics shows they can slow viral transmission. Global access to handwashing: implications for COVID-19 control in low-income countries cache = ./cache/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338666-gg9qcpmz author = Rubin, Geoffrey A. title = Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide From a New York City Hospital Network date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4860 sentences = 238 flesch = 43 summary = The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues to implement these changes. • Understand and appreciate the broader institutional picture, including the scope of the pandemic and its impact on the network • Discuss resource use and capacity • Discuss staff allocation, challenges, and illnesses • Troubleshoot daily clinical and administrative challenges • Provide and receive feedback in the setting of altered workflows • Convey that EP practices are relatively smaller compared with other services, and deployment needs of the hospital should be balanced with the need for availability of a core number of EP staff with specialized skills necessary to perform urgent/emergent EP procedures • Coordinate staffing changes regarding ill/exposed staff members from Workforce Health & Safety and Infection Prevention & Control departments. cache = ./cache/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338602-6n309bnp author = Gadotti, Ana Carolina title = IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 183 flesch = 53 summary = title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection We proposed a study in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection to evaluate the interleukin patterns and its role as prognosis factors. A reasonable hypothesis is that (i) pro-inflammatory innate immunity and (ii) anti-inflammatory system are related to disease severity or death once IL-6, IL-8, and IL10 are closely described as prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 1, 3, 7 . Previous studies have not reported the association between IFN-γ and death, even evaluating the COVID-19-reactive CD69+ expressing IFN-γ producing CD8+ T in 25 patients with severe and moderate disease 22 . Suppressed T cell-mediated immunity in patients with COVID-19: A clinical retrospective study in Wuhan Levels of cytokines from patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection according to the outcome (data in the median with IQR) cache = ./cache/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338572-5ifc2lx6 author = Nagarakanti, Sandhya R. title = Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and HIV coinfection date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1598 sentences = 103 flesch = 55 summary = We present the clinical outcomes of HIV patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in a matched comparison with historical controls. Data on baseline clinical characteristics and hospital course was documented and compared with that of a matched control group of COVID‐19 patients who had no history of HIV. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of HIV infected patients hospitalized for COVID‐19, there was no difference in mortality, ICU admission and the need for mechanical ventilation when compared to a matched control of COVID ‐19 patients with HIV. We evaluated their clinical outcomes and compared them to that of a well-matched control group of patients with no HIV. These data points included HIV-associated characteristics such as most recent CD4+ T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, ( obtained by flow cytometry Clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients were compared to that of a propensity matched cohort of COVID-19 patients who had no history of HIV infection. cache = ./cache/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338544-eph89g47 author = Spuntarelli, Valerio title = COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2279 sentences = 142 flesch = 44 summary = COVID-19 pandemic reached 3.78 million confirmed reported cases worldwide, and it is generally associated to the acronym that precedes its name: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A prospective study investigating left ventricular performance in 46 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome showed subclinical diastolic impairment without systolic involvement [3] . Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome showed few interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, but no other substantial damage in the heart tissue [7] . A case report highlights myocarditis as a complication associated with COVID-19, even without symptoms and signs of interstitial pneumonia in an otherwise healthy 53-year-old white woman [8] . The authors concluded that the presence of the characteristic features of symmetric, multifocal lesions with thalamic involvement suggests that this is a case of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy associated with COVID-19. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report cache = ./cache/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338654-ma9ayu80 author = Eaton, Lisa A. title = Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3425 sentences = 160 flesch = 39 summary = The current state of COVID-19 disease transmission has left our public health approaches to be heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The model has multiple foci, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. Interventions to address stigma have been developed that target individuals, health care workers, communities, and social figures, which will likely find new purpose in COVID-19 (Andersson et al., 2020; Rao et al., 2019; Stangl et al., 2013) . cache = ./cache/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338647-dtuohsf5 author = Başcı, Semih title = Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2709 sentences = 169 flesch = 55 summary = INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aim to report the outcome of COVID-19 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHOD: The data of 16 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with CML receiving TKI and age, gender, and comorbid disease matched COVID-19 patients without cancer at a 3/1 ratio (n = 48), diagnosed between March 11, 2020 and May 22, 2020 and included in the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health database, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation (MV) support were lower in CML patients compared to the control group, however, these differences did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.1, and p = 0.2, respectively). Moreover, the rates of ICU admission and MV support, CFR were lower and length of hospital stay was shorter in CML patients receiving TKI compared to the age, gender and comorbidity matched control group but these differences were not statistically significant. cache = ./cache/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338706-566e3o5j author = Popa, Simona title = Reflections on COVID-19 and the future of education and learning date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2650 sentences = 121 flesch = 55 summary = The lessons of COVID-19 compel us to imagine education systems in which students of all ages can thrive, and we need to take meaningful action to bring about that desired future. The pandemic has shown how communities can come together to educate children, and Iyengar argues that, post-COVID-19, education systems should recognize community-driven support systems, use technology to overcome the digital divide in learning, and focus more on SDG Goal 4.7 and its links to climate crises. Michael Thomas and Cathy Rogers argue that the science of learning has two different responsibilities in the COVID-19 crisis: first, to offer guidance about how best to deal with the impact of the current situation, including lockdown and homeschooling; and, second, to consider bigger questions about what this large-scale educational experiment might mean for the future. cache = ./cache/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338754-xdid58vn author = Olisova, O. Yu title = Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 571 sentences = 46 flesch = 63 summary = Yu; Anpilogova, E.M.; Shnakhova, L.M. title: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child Dr Recalcati made the first report on cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 nearly a month ago 4 , and since then, several authors have also noticed COVID-19-associated skin rash in adults [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . However, the data on COVID-19-associated skin disorders in children are scarce. On the second day of fever the PCR COVID-19 test was positive. On the third day of illness the fever dramatically ceased and the skin rash appeared. Along with fever and fatigue, these eruptions may be considered as the only clinical manifestation of these particular COVID-19 infections in children. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Lessons learned from current evidence Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: the experiences of Barcelona and Rome Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338741-gy3ovkrt author = Sethi, Atin title = Evaluation of Current Therapies for COVID-19 Treatment date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5580 sentences = 333 flesch = 47 summary = No survival benefit for those not requiring respiratory support [22] Convalescent plasma n = 10 severely ill patients Treatment: 200 mL IV In all 10 patients, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain disappeared or largely improved within 1-3 days of therapy initiation [23] In vitro study determining the activity of convalescent plasma from a recovered SARS-1 patient against SARS-CoV-2 Although the focus of this study was not to explore the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin, it outlines the importance of appropriate risk-benefit analysis while treating patients with COVID-19. This randomized control trial [10] of 199 patients explored the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with relatively mild respiratory illness. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: Results of a randomized clinical trial Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study cache = ./cache/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author = Karligkiotis, Apostolos title = Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4301 sentences = 206 flesch = 43 summary = The aim of the present paper is to report our preliminary experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable endoscopic surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases, during the COVID-19 period, describing the evolving recommendations which have been implemented day by day, as new evidences emerged, until reaching the actual protocol of precautions. At the beginning, no specific protection was recommended during surgery and all health care workers in the operating room (OR) continued to wear standard surgical masks and gowns, leaving viral-filtering-PPE available to be used only in case of confirmed COVID-19 patients. 10 In order to investigate the health of the patients belonging to the PANDEMIC-group after their last postoperative medication, a telephone interview was carried out retrospectively, examining the following factors: fever, cough, dyspnoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal signs/symptoms, myalgias, fatigue, headache, pharyngodynia, rhinorrhea, active pneumonia, need for hospitalization for any reason, potential swab or serological tests performed, and if they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338680-wwlttymp author = Khonyongwa, K. title = Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4839 sentences = 288 flesch = 53 summary = Due to the high prevalence of infection during the peak of the outbreak, one of the suggested strategies to prevent healthcare transmission was to screen all patients on admission by a single combined nose and throat swab assessed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA to allow segregation into COVID-19 positive and non COVID-19 cohort wards. The latter included assessment of the utility of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement, delayed RNA positivity, COVID-19 patients as sources of infection, self-reported COVID-19 sickness absence among hospital staff hospital bed occupancy, community incidence, and the incidence of other significant hospital-acquired infections. NHS England released its reporting criteria in May 2020 (written communication described in supplementary data) following which cases were also classified as per date of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Correlation between weekly incidence of HA-COVID-19 (including late indeterminate cases) and staff self-reported sickness absence, delayed RNA positive cases, community incidence and Trust COVID-19 bed occupancy is displayed in figure 3. cache = ./cache/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338684-po3hfibp author = Cheong, Kai Xiong title = Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5033 sentences = 330 flesch = 58 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Studies have reported ocular involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with SARS-CoV-2 having been detected in ocular swab samples. Observational studies which both described ocular involvement among patients with COVID-19 and attempted to detect SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples via RT-PCR and/or viral cultures were included. In contrast, other studies have reported the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples from patients who did not experience ocular symptoms and signs [5, 9, 10] . reported in a retrospective case series that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in conjunctival swab samples from both eyes of two patients (6.06%) in a population of 33 patients. Seah et al., in a prospective case series of 17 patients, reported that SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected in RT-PCR of tear samples. In the studies that took serial samples, SARS-CoV-2 was reported to remain detectable up to 27 days after the onset of ocular and respiratory symptoms [16, 18] . cache = ./cache/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338600-wpfcxnyu author = Stewart, Cameron title = Mental Capacity Assessments for COVID-19 Patients: Emergency Admissions and the CARD Approach date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 171 flesch = 52 summary = Valid consent requires an appropriate standard of information provision and of voluntariness and, crucially, for patients to demonstrate the capacity to make decisions about their medical treatment (Lamont, Stewart, and Chiarella 2016a, 2016b) . In this article we define mental capacity, restate the legal test, and provide practical advice on how to assess the capacity of COVID-19 patients in emergency and critical care settings, including a short list of questions which flag capacity issues which we refer to as the CARD approach. Capacity forms the basis of the legal doctrines of consent to treatment (the process of gaining permission to treat) and informed consent (the duty to provide material information regarding the nature, purpose, benefits, and risks of having or not having treatment (see Reibl v Hughes [1980] The common law test for mental capacity, which emerged from the case of Re C (Adult: Refusal of Treatment) [1994] 1 WLR 290 (see Box 1), requires a patient to be able to 1. cache = ./cache/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338729-v2suoj3c author = Streicher, Caroline title = Could Tocilizumab be an Attractive Therapeutic Option for Elderly Patients with Severe COVID-19? A Case Report date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1629 sentences = 100 flesch = 47 summary = Indeed, the first Chinese and Italian data suggest that tocilizumab could be an efficient treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 and CRS. Recently, there have been an increased number of studies on the use of tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19 patients, but more information is needed on its effectiveness and safety, notably for the treatment of elderly patients. In this case, we describe the successful treatment by tocilizumab of an 87-year-old patient with severe COVID-19. Results show that tocilizumab significantly improves the prognosis of patients and confirm the benefit of tocilizumab for the treatment of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients [16] . However, to our knowledge, it is the first case report that describes the use of tocilizumab in a patient aged > 80 years with severe COVID-19. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab cache = ./cache/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338757-fsid4a39 author = Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title = This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1443 sentences = 71 flesch = 44 summary = The authors found that increased likelihood of exposure to the virus, increased susceptibility to severe consequences of the infection, and lack of health care access were all important contributors, and they concluded with pointed, domainspecific recommendations to mitigate these disparities. African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19, both nationally and in many of the areas hardest hit by the pandemic (2, 3) . We need robust data to guide these efforts, but better information must be coupled with urgent and effective action to decrease exposure, susceptibility, and limitations in health care to achieve the desired results. Achieving the desired population benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will require an implementation strategy that addresses the current gaps in overall rates of adult vaccination, as well as specific issues in minority communities. Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338756-jzz250o1 author = Zhang, Nan title = Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1645 sentences = 106 flesch = 53 summary = title: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study This study described the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pointed out the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes. In December 2019, novel cases of pneumonia appeared in China, with its etiology known as SARS-CoV-2 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , predominantly were transmitted from human-to-human [6, 7] and clinical syndrome termed as -coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)‖, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Data including age, gender, underlying diseases, clinical signs and symptoms, virus detection, computed tomography (CT) findings, treatments, routine blood and biochemistry, coagulation function, infection-related biomarkers, and routine urine etc., was gathered. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who died of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities include being male and those with underlying comorbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338830-h2nrw374 author = Gong, Xiaohuan title = Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4592 sentences = 247 flesch = 53 summary = Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. On 1 February 2020, another hospital in Shanghai reported one suspected COVID-19 case and six of their close contacts to the local district CDC; four of the close contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by realtime reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction (rRT-PCR), 1-2 days later (Cluster 2). Investigators interviewed COVID-19 cases, close contacts and healthcare workers directly (face-to-face or over the phone) to collect epidemiological information including demographic characteristics, date of illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation and exposure histories (i.e. travel to or living in Wuhan or Hubei Province, visiting any other area with local sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contact with persons with respiratory symptoms, contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases). cache = ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338821-khc3dqay author = Zhang, Kai title = Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 503 sentences = 38 flesch = 45 summary = title: Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders Many psychiatric patients have been infected with COVID-19, and patients with COVID-19 may develop psychiatric symptoms after treatment with antiviral drugs. The National Health Commission of China (NHCC) has published guidelines for treatment of COVID-19. First, many patients with psychiatric disorders have been infected with COVID-19, and second, patients with COVID-19 infections may develop a number of psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, fear, depression and insomnia, after treatment with antiviral drugs. This is concerning because Wuhan Mental Health Center, the largest psychiatric hospital in Hubei province, reports that more than 80 staff and patients have been infected with COVID-19. 3 If a patient with psychiatric disorder is infected with COVID-19, antiviral drugs must be used in combination with psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotic, antidepressant and antianxiety drugs. If antiviral drugs are used without supplemental medication, patients with psychiatric disorders can experience relapses in their mental illness. cache = ./cache/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338689-4u1ezk64 author = Ata, Fateen title = COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1405 sentences = 124 flesch = 52 summary = We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ► We recommend studies to evaluate the effectiveness of stool PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 if initial nasopharyngeal PCR is negative and suspicion remains high. 4 Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain and vomiting have been previously seen with acute viral respiratory infections and reported recently as rare manifestations of COVID-19. 15 Our patient had acute hyponatraemia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea with minimal Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical and virological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with acute respiratory infection: a two-year prospective study in general practice medicine cache = ./cache/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338819-wkb318sq author = Saez, Marc title = Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9830 sentences = 497 flesch = 57 summary = Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective in this paper was to investigate, at a small area level and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM 10 , coarse particles with a diameter of 10 µm or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain. In Tables 2 and 3 we show the estimation results of the GLMM models with which we specified the association between air pollutants and the daily incident positive cases and daily deaths, controlling, in both cases, for socioeconomic and demographic variables, unobserved confounders and the spatial and the temporal dependency. cache = ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338795-eewr8ynb author = Oster, Alexandra M. title = Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, April–September 2020 date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1192 sentences = 55 flesch = 46 summary = CDC works with other federal agencies to identify counties with increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspots) and offers support to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1) . CDC works with other federal agencies to identify counties with increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspots) and offers support to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1) . The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission.* CDC analyzed temporal trends in percent positivity by age group in COVID-19 hotspot counties before and after their identification as hotspots. The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission.* CDC analyzed temporal trends in percent positivity by age group in COVID-19 hotspot counties before and after their identification as hotspots. cache = ./cache/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338857-9zbtngje author = Tee, Louis Yunshou title = Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 998 sentences = 71 flesch = 54 summary = title: Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately affects older adults, who suffer from more severe infections and higher mortality rates [1] [2] [3] . Importantly, COVID-19 infections in older adults may present with atypical symptoms, posing a diagnostic challenge. For instance, COVID-19 can manifest in older patients as delirium or falls, without fever or respiratory symptoms 6, 7 . Here, we describe an older patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with lethargy and vomiting contributed by severe hypovolemic hyponatremia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a COVID-19 infection that presented with lethargy and vomiting contributed by severe hypovolemic hyponatremia. Moreover, this case highlights that, particularly in older persons, COVID-19 infections may have atypical presentations 2,3 . Typically Atypical: COVID-19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult cache = ./cache/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338814-r9ym1h3m author = Li, Yan title = Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 540 sentences = 39 flesch = 57 summary = title: Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic As the first country to discover COVID-19, China has taken strict precautionary measures. The Chinese government strives to raise public awareness of prevention and protection by providing daily monitoring and updates on websites and social media [4] . Social media played an essential role during the COVID-19 epidemic. The government should support and encourage medical personnel to participate in science education on social media. Because the strict quarantine measures make it difficult for patients to see a doctor, it is urgent to establish an appropriate telemedicine and appointment system. The emergence of the virus pandemic will make the public health system and community health service institutions face special and lasting epidemic prevention situation. An investigation of transmission control measur es during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China Access to lifesaving medical resources for African countries: COVID-19 testing and response, ethics, and politics cache = ./cache/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338790-rvdoq616 author = Wang, Xiaowen title = Be aware of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2904 sentences = 155 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: By extracting data from electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective observational study of kidney involvement in confirmed pediatric COVID-19 cases in Wuhan Children's Hospital during the coronavirus outbreak, from January 24 to March 20, 2020. The AWARE (Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina, and Epidemiology) study, which enrolled ICUs in 32 hospitals in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America, showed that the overall incidence of AKI in 4683 critically ill children was 26.9%, and the incidence of severe AKI (KDIGO stage 2 or 3) was 11.6% [8, 14] . The correlation between IL-6 titer and serum creatinine level in our patients suggests that cytokine storm might play a more important role in critically ill COVID-19 children with AKI, in addition to the prerenal and intrarenal injuries. cache = ./cache/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338864-yzcvxwpb author = Dragovic, Milan title = Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1614 sentences = 93 flesch = 47 summary = title: Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia METHOD: Changes in the number, and type, of mental health presentations to Western Australia EDs were examined between January and May 2020, and compared to 2019. RESULTS: Data showed an unexpected decrease in the number of mental health presentations, compared to 2019, which was temporally coincident with the rise in local COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION: A rise in local COVID-19 cases was associated with a decrease in mental health presentations to EDs. This has important implications for the planning and provision of healthcare services in the current pandemic. For example, calls to mental health helplines increased by 30%, 19, 20 suggesting that individuals found other ways to access care without travelling to EDs. Given evidence suggesting that helpline and telephone counselling services have a positive impact on suicide ideation and prevention, 21-23 the recent release of government funding to community organisations is much needed. cache = ./cache/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338863-0jlp9lb4 author = Huecker, Martin title = COVID-19: Optimizing healthcare provider wellness and posttraumatic growth date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1251 sentences = 82 flesch = 40 summary = A systematic review found that 53% of individuals who endure trauma experienced PTG (4), enjoying greater life satisfaction, happiness, psychological, emotional, and even physical wellbeing (5) . While COVID-19 has already resulted in negative outcomes for HCWs, individuals can still strive for greater appreciation of life, improved self-esteem, and positive approaches to daily responsibilities (16) . Mindfulness interventions facilitate self-awareness and presence, with studies repeatedly demonstrating positive effects of meditation on sleep and other mental and physical health outcomes (30) . Effect of Positive Psychological Intervention on Posttraumatic Growth among Primary Healthcare Workers in China: A Preliminary Prospective Study Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338900-8ojah695 author = MacDonald, David S. MacDonald title = Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging: COVID-19 Considerations date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5708 sentences = 297 flesch = 44 summary = We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-Cov-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-Cov-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. cache = ./cache/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338889-7hd3iibk author = Solbakk, Jan Helge title = Back to WHAT? The role of research ethics in pandemic times date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11689 sentences = 709 flesch = 53 summary = 10 Of the 10 standards laid down in this Code, and with which physician-researchers must comply when carrying out experiments on human subjects, standard 5, in particular, has become highly relevant these days due to pressure from influential medical stakeholders, agencies and bioethicists to permit the conduct of controlled human infection studies (CHIs), also labeled human challenge trials (HCTs), or challenge studies (CSs) to possibly shorten the development time of vaccines to protect against Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. cache = ./cache/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338901-1kzy7rts author = Li, Heng title = Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5098 sentences = 253 flesch = 48 summary = According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. In these 155 pooled clinical trials, a number of approved chemical and biomacromolecule drugs have been used in COVID-19 treatment clinical trials for drug repurposing, most of which are nucleotide analogs and protease inhibitors against other viral pathogens, including influenza virus, HIV and HCV. In vitro studies have shown that lopinavir/ritonavir can inhibit the replication of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV and exert antiviral effects [22] [23] [24] [25] . In the latest "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia", it is recommended to use ribavirin at a dose of 500 mg each time for adults and in combination with interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir, with 2-3 intravenous infusions daily. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338904-kavbrg1h author = Tian, Jianbo title = Challenges and recommendations for cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1746 sentences = 86 flesch = 50 summary = We also identified advanced tumor stage [OR = 2.60 (95% CI = 1.05-6.43); P = 0.039], higher ECOG scores [per 1-point increase Moreover, other multicenter studies have identified potential risk factors for mortality among patients with cancer and COVID-19 (Figure 1) [6] [7] [8] [9] . Several other reports involving small sample sizes have focused on patients with cancer and COVID-19 and have found that cancer patients are not only more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection but also are at high risk of developing more severe events than the general population 3,10,11 . Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338934-61wnbf1t author = Fay, Daniel L. title = Collective Bargaining During Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4121 sentences = 176 flesch = 42 summary = In our roles as public management and policy scholars, and using our experience as practicing public labor relations leaders, we describe the challenges of collective bargaining during the COVID-19 pandemic and present five general recommendations for public sector unions impact bargaining during times of crisis: 1) Initiate negotiations with leadership early and often; 2) Mobilize union members and the workforce represented by the collective bargaining agreement immediately; 3) Prioritize issues for the workforce groups most affected by the crisis; 4) Integrate governmental crisis response to negotiations 5) Formalize impact bargaining agreements. Prior to the pandemic, this same union has packed the room at Board of Trustees (BoT) meetings (Florida State University Board of Trustees, 2020), utilizing the public comment section at the front end of these public, live streamed meetings to have several speakers attest to the harmful deficiencies and unsavory working conditions of GAs. During times when physical presence is impossible, such as during mandatory social distancing orders adopted in response to COVID-19, there are alternative modes of group mobilization that are effective and raise the profile of one"s bargaining efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338973-73a7uvyz author = Xu, Jiabao title = Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV date = 2020-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7110 sentences = 426 flesch = 57 summary = After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The source of unexplained pneumonia was first discovered in Wuhan in Dec, 2019, and SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus, was isolated from the respiratory epithelium of patients. Hong Kong scholars found that, compared with ribavirin alone, patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin had lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or death caused by SARS-CoV [76, 77] . A high-resolution crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) was announced after the outbreak of COVID-19 in the world [80] , and human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been treated as severe pathogens in respiratory tract infections. cache = ./cache/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338928-y5l7cf31 author = Leonardi, Matilde title = Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2109 sentences = 110 flesch = 36 summary = While the epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, more and more evidences are collected about the presence of neurological manifestations and symptoms associated with it. The review shows that although more and more papers are reporting neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19; however, many items remain unclear and this uncertainty calls for a global action that requires close coordination and open-data sharing between hospitals, academic institutions and the fast establishment of harmonised research priorities and research consortia to face the NeuroCOVID-19 complications. Reports are emerging from China and Italy and increasingly from several countries of neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2, which may be worsening clinical pictures, respiratory outcomes and mortality rates in patients with COVID-19. Observations from Italy have confirmed Chinese data noting a high number of patients with hyposmia, anosmia and varying patterns of possibly centrally mediated symptoms including respiratory manifestations. Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice cache = ./cache/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338895-c2wzjbgb author = Machado, J. A. Tenreiro title = Rare and extreme events: the case of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5452 sentences = 336 flesch = 59 summary = Two distinct approaches are considered, the description of the number of infected people across time by means of heuristic models fitting the real-world data, and the comparison of countries based on hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. The computational and mathematical modeling lead to the emergence of patterns, highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, pointing toward the main characteristics of the complex dynamics. Therefore, in a first phase, we adopt a nonlinear least-squares technique to determine possible candidate heuristic models for describing the data regarding COVID-19 infections. The information is visualized using hierarchical clustering (HC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) for comparing the COVID-19 evolution in the different countries. We adopt the Canberra distance to measure the dissimilarity between pairs (i, j) for the time and frequency domains: Real data Fitting model In a second phase, two metrics were used for comparing the countries data both in the time and frequency domains, and the HC and MDS techniques were adopted for clustering and visualization. cache = ./cache/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338944-3ro3evcc author = Cho, Dae-Chul title = In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 470 sentences = 30 flesch = 56 summary = title: In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak In case of emergent operations with uninfected patients, spine surgeons should pay special attention to safety to ensure that patients are not infected with the COVID-19 during the stay of the operating room (OR), intensive care unit, and general wards. When operating on COVID-19 infected patients, all efforts are made to minimize exposure to the patient by maintaining as much of a distance as possible, as well as by minimizing medical staff in the OR during the surgery to increase the safety of the operation. During surgery, special attention is necessary to protect the medical staff from the COVID-19 infection using the appropriate PPE. Under usual circumstances, before the era of COVID-19 pandemic, there are sufficient medical resources for spine surgeons to perform surgeries without special considerations. cache = ./cache/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338933-67e98ok3 author = Howarth, Candice title = Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19 date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4041 sentences = 185 flesch = 51 summary = We discuss how COVID-19 has demonstrated that behaviours can change abruptly, that these changes come at a cost, that we need a 'social mandate' to ensure these changes remain in the long-term, and that science plays an important role in informing this process. There is public support for climate change action, including a low-carbon economic stimulus post-lockdown (Figueres 2020) , but there is a need for a more comprehensive debate, bringing scientific evidence together with public views and values-a key characteristic of deliberative governance activities such as citizen juries and assemblies (Kythreotis et al. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens' assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens' assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID. cache = ./cache/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338896-relelmsm author = Naudin, Iris title = Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 777 sentences = 59 flesch = 48 summary = title: Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. We report a case of acute aorto-iliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. The mechanism of the occlusion seemed to be distal embolization from a floating thrombus in the aortic arch caused by a major inflammatory state and virus infection. The patient underwent aorto-iliac and lower limb artery mechanical thrombectomy but required unilateral major amputation. Completion arteriography showed left Aorto-iliac kissing stents and right popliteal artery were observed to be patent, but a recent small 20 renal infarction with no evidence of renal thrombus was present on the right side. It may be useful to know the level of AT in patients with COVID-19 with acute arterial 4 occlusion in order to manage anticoagulation treatment. Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 cache = ./cache/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338972-uq2ha8xs author = Olson, Michael T. title = Resumption of elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what lessons can we apply? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1688 sentences = 84 flesch = 37 summary = authors: Olson, Michael T.; Triantafyllou, Tania; Singhal, Saurabh Ensure quality and quantity assessment of local PPE availability, and closely follow PPE recommendations for COVID-19+ patients, patients under investigations, and non-COVID-19 patients Re-evaluate health care facility capacity, including resources (e.g., beds, ICUs, ventilators), and expansion strategies Operating rooms should take inventory of existing surgical and cleaning supplies before re-activating elective surgeries Ensure coordination among surgery, anesthesia, nursing, engineering, housekeeping, and other hospital staff or specialties involved in multidisciplinary care; assure adequate staff volume Assign a governance committee to clarify, interpret, and iterate policies, make real-time decisions, and initiate and communicate messaging Although leading surgical societies have guided surgeons in terms of appropriate surgical practice amid the ongoing viral pandemic, certain questions remain, particularly pertaining to the safety of performing minimally invasive surgery in the setting of COVID-19. It remains to be determined how these infection-control measures, albeit contributing to the safety of the patient and staff, impact surgical care when elective surgeries are again performed. cache = ./cache/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339336-vea7a1rm author = Coates, P. Toby title = A Kidney International “Journal of the COVID-19 Year” in Kidney Transplantation date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 369 sentences = 27 flesch = 58 summary = Population based mortality data provided on 4298 patients from Spain and France were reported to the Registry covering the period from 1 st February 2020 till 30 th April 2020. A second report in this issue of the Journal uses the French Cristal Registry in combination with the COVID-19 specific registry to provide a more detailed insight to COVID-19 in France -the IMPORTANT study (6) . Over 42,000 kidney transplant recipients and 16000 wait listed patients are studied in this report which covers the peak of the first wave pandemic in M An initial report from the French SOT COVID Registry suggests high mortality due to Covid-19 in recipients of kidney transplants ZA Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe IMPact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the moRTAlity of renal transplant recipients and candidates: a French Nationwide registry sTudy (IMPORTANT) COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients at the Epicenter of pandemics cache = ./cache/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339100-600am3mq author = Hsiang, Walter R title = Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 651 sentences = 47 flesch = 58 summary = title: Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden Through a phone survey, we describe the COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs and provide a snapshot highlighting the limited COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs in states with the greatest disease burden. For many individuals, urgent care centers (UCCs) may offer the most accessible avenue to be tested. For many individuals, urgent care centers (UCCs) may offer the most accessible avenue to be tested. Using a phone survey, we describe the COVID-19 testing capabilities of UCCs in states with the greatest disease burden. We identified ten states with the highest COVID-19 caseload as of March 19 according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Of 250 UCCs contacted, 57 (22.8%) offered COVID-19 testing. However, this study serves as an important snapshot that highlights the limited COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs in the most heavily burdened states. cache = ./cache/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338968-b1gg2ha7 author = La Rosée, Felicitas title = Ruxolitinib in COVID-19 Hyperinflammation and Haematologic Malignancies date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1087 sentences = 55 flesch = 36 summary = COVID-19 is a pandemic illness forcing clinicians and clinician scientists to respond to an unforeseen 20% rate of hospital admissions due to respiratory distress and a sepsis-like hyperinflammatory cytokine release syndrome that develops in a subgroup of SARS-CoV2-infected patients. Initial results of the WUHAN COVID-19 cohort suggested a major impact of hyperinflammation characterized by a specific cytokine profile including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α on patient outcome. The antiviral drug remdesivir (rem) applied at early stages and the corticosteroid dexamethasone (dex) in oxygen-dependent and severely affected patients by now seem the only disease-modifying agents with signals of efficacy in randomized controlled trials [1] . The reported patients worsened clinically despite active immunosuppression, but responded to rux, a JAK1/2 inhibitor suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α besides other proinflammatory cytokines [2] . Combination of Ruxolitinib and Eculizumab for Treatment of Severe SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Controlled Study cache = ./cache/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338951-wu1ofih9 author = Sestili, Piero title = Paracetamol-Induced Glutathione Consumption: Is There a Link With Severe COVID-19 Illness? date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4664 sentences = 230 flesch = 45 summary = However, a warning from some research reports and National Authorities raised NSAIDs safety concerns because of the supposed induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels (the receptor used by SARS-CoV2 to enter host airways cells), the increased risk of bacterial superinfections and masking of disease symptoms. This warning was grounded on a wide number of studies reviewed in (Micallef et al., 2020b) including a recent report of the French Pharmacovigilance Network conducted in 2019 (Crpv De Tours, CRPV de Marseille, 2019) showing that the use of NSAIDs (even if given for short times and/or associated to antibiotics) for the treatment of fever and nonrheumatic pain (which may be indicative of an underlying infection) increases the risk of severe bacterial complications, particularly of the lungs, and on the supposed ibuprofen-induced A angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpression. cache = ./cache/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339252-ph10txit author = Keita, Abdoulaye title = Anosmie sans agueusie chez des patients COVID-19: à propos de 2 cas date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1270 sentences = 129 flesch = 69 summary = Dans la pandémie actuelle, l'anosmie associée ou non à une agueusie semble être un symptôme fréquent en cas d'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 responsable de COVID-19. L'anosmie et/ou l'agueusie en l'absence d'autres maladies respiratoires telles que la rhinite allergique, la rhinosinusite aiguë ou la rhinosinusite chronique, devraient alerter les médecins sur la possibilité d'une infection par COVID-19 [3] et inciter sérieusement à s'auto-isoler et à tester ces personnes [3] . Ça été le cas chez nos patients qui ont été testé positif au COVID-19 et c'est au cours de leur convalescence que l'anosmie sans agueusie s'est installée brutalement, chose qui a été décrit dans certaines études [4] . Cependant, chez les patients COVID-19, il ne semble pas y avoir une composante inflammatoire aussi importante et l'altération de l'odorat n'est généralement pas accompagnée de symptômes de rhinite [1, 2] . L'anosmie est un symptôme observé chez les patients COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338979-ew046wcr author = Jasti, Madhu title = A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2972 sentences = 167 flesch = 44 summary = This novel coronavirus reportedly had symptoms resembling that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV) seen in the year 2003 [3] . A recently published study that looked at 214 cases of severe coronavirus illness treated in Wuhan during the early phase of the global pandemic reported that about 36% of patients displayed neurological symptoms [11] . There have been a fair number of reports suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infecting the neurons, raising questions about the direct effects of the virus on the brain that play a role in patients' deaths. By contrast, there have been a few case reports which mention no penetrance of virus into the central nervous system as evidenced by the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF and that the CNS effects are secondary to elevated inflammatory markers as CSF analyses during the acute stage showed pleocytosis with increased IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339161-ycsijsw4 author = Friebel, TR title = Communication: A Safe Skin Cancer Surgery set-up during the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 858 sentences = 52 flesch = 52 summary = By initiating dedicated local anaesthetic skin cancer operating lists in an affiliated private hospital, our tertiary plastic surgery unit provided continuation of care for this patient population throughout the pandemic. [ Table 1 inserts here] None of the contacted fifty patients developed any symptoms of COVID-19 in the 3-6 weeks following their surgical procedure. The guideline published by NHS in April 2020, advises Plastic Surgery services to continue to offer surgical treatment within one month for the following skin cancers: melanoma; poorly differentiated tumours; nodal disease; compromise of vital structures, including the eye, nose and ear [5] . The results of this communication can be used when discussing the oncological risk of delaying surgery vs the COVID-19 transmission risk for patients undergoing a procedure under local anaesthesia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission cache = ./cache/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338990-vrtzyo2o author = Nelson, Sarah E. title = COVID-19 and ethics in the ICU date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1227 sentences = 63 flesch = 50 summary = This includes an "obligation to provide urgent medical care during disasters … even in the face of greater than usual risks to physicians' own safety, health, or life." Given the large scope of the pandemic and the deadliness of SARS-CoV-2, these statements may not adequately address this ethical quandary. Based on these principles, 6 recommendations have been made for the current outbreak: maximizing benefits including using scarce resources responsibly and saving more lives/years of life, prioritizing COVID-19 resources (i.e., PPE, vaccines) to healthcare workers, invoking equality using random allocation or lottery to distribute resources to those with similar prognoses, thoughtful consideration of resource allocation (e.g., prioritizing older patients, among the most affected by SARS-CoV-2, to receive a vaccine), prioritizing those who have participated in COVID-19-related research, and providing equal resources to those with COVID-19 and those with other medical conditions [9] . Several ethical dilemmas associated with the COVID-19 pandemic affect intensive care physicians. cache = ./cache/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339124-m7choyr6 author = Hoang, Van-Thuan title = Hajj and Umrah Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4380 sentences = 228 flesch = 53 summary = In order to avoid a COVID-19 outbreak with potential spreading to many countries through returning pilgrims, Saudi Arabia suspended the Umrah, and access to the 2020 Hajj was very limited. The KSA Ministry of Health recommends individual preventive measures such as use of face mask and disposable handkerchiefs and hand hygiene to mitigate the risk of RTIs. However, the efficacy of these measures against RTIs is debated [35] , and there have been no reliable controlled studies investigating their efficacy on the incidence of Hajj-related RTIs. The use of face masks may not provide optimal protection from infection, but that may reduce the spread of smallsized saliva droplets around when coughing or sneezing which is the main mode of transmission of most RTIs. Mandatory use of face mask in public places is considered one of the effective measures in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic [54] [55] [56] , but no investigation has been conducted in the context of MGs so far. cache = ./cache/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339300-xherv9wt author = Suner, C. title = Risk factors for mortality of residents in nursing homes with Covid-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4330 sentences = 228 flesch = 48 summary = The investigated factors included characteristics of the residents (age, gender, comorbidities, and complexity and/or advanced disease), structural features of the nursing home (total number of residents, residents who return home during the pandemic, and capacity for pandemic response, based on an ad hoc score of availability of twelve essential items for implementing preventive measures), and sociodemographic profile of the catchment district (household income, population density, and population incidence of Covid-19). Interpretation Presence of residents with complex/advance disease, low capacity for pandemic response and location in areas with high incidence of Covid-19 are risk factors for Covid-19 mortality in nursing homes and may help policymakers to prioritize preventative interventions for pandemic containment. We used data from nursing homes, including residents' health characteristics, structural features, and the demographic and epidemiological profile of the district where the nursing home is located, to investigate the association between potential risk factors at the facility level and mortality in the residential setting during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Spain. cache = ./cache/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339128-npfoircv author = Blair, Robert V. title = Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2 Infected African Green Monkeys but not Rhesus Macaques date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3097 sentences = 166 flesch = 50 summary = Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study demonstrates that following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aged AGMs develop a spectrum of disease, from mild to severe COVID-19, which in some cases progress to ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339344-qd73h1ie author = Simon, David title = Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4094 sentences = 202 flesch = 43 summary = To test whether differences in social exposure between the groups account for the low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in IMID patients treated with cytokine inhibitors, we assessed exposure risk variables (contact with persons with a respiratory infection, presence at workplace outside home, travel to risk areas) of IMID patient groups and control groups. The low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in anti-cytokine treated IMIDs could have two principle explanations: While (i) the four groups were recruited in the same region, (ii) the HC control group having the highest prevalence for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was in direct contact with the IMID patients and (iii) all participants were exposed to similar detailed information regarding social behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, IMID patients may have followed an even more stringent exposure prophylaxis than healthy individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339266-glmshsh6 author = Yin, R. title = Clinical characteristics of 106 patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4571 sentences = 258 flesch = 53 summary = Objectives:To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with co-morbid neurological symptoms. Conclusions:Patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. Clinical case studies of COVID-19 showed that elderly patients and patients with co-morbid neurological diseases had a high rate of severe and critical illness and a high rate of mortality. 13, 14 To the best of our knowledge, except for a few case reports, there has been no clinical analysis of patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid COVID-19. In summary, patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339044-qy4jab37 author = Li, Man title = Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2587 sentences = 143 flesch = 51 summary = The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Meanwhile, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named "COVID-19." In China, according to the National Health Commission (2), a total of 82,341 cases were diagnosed, of which 77,892 patients were discharged, and 3,342 died as of April 15. In this study, we explored the potential host risk factors associated with death in a retrospective cohort of 245 laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the two appointed hospitals in Wuhan. Though the epidemiology of patients with COVID-19 is widely studied and reported, the death-related risk factors and detailed clinical characteristics of the disease have not been well-described. In addition to age factors, we also found D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, and platelet counts < 125 × 10 9 /L on admission were associated with fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339203-5oextxkm author = Feng Tan, L.I. title = Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 Amongst Healthcare Workers date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 369 sentences = 28 flesch = 62 summary = To date, no healthcare worker has contracted COVID-19 in a Singapore healthcare institution. However, healthcare workers including non-clinical staff have contracted COVID-19 in the community and from overseas travel 6 . Whilst some had continued working for a short period prior to diagnosis, thus far there have been no cases of healthcare worker-to-patient COVID-SARS which was predominantly transmitted nosocomially in Singapore 5 , COVID-19 is predominantly acquired in the community. This presents a different challenge to preventing COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers. In Singapore, we have put in place strict staff management policies that have progressed as the infection continues its spread worldwide. All staff with travel to affected regions are placed on a 14-day compulsory leave of absence with overseas travel strongly discouraged as the infection has now spread across the globe. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers cache = ./cache/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339075-32jj4fyz author = Majeed, Azeem title = The primary care response to COVID-19 in England's National Health Service date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1900 sentences = 93 flesch = 54 summary = 1 As the patient's first point of contact is with the health system, these changes have had a dramatic effect on primary care, including England's National Health Service (NHS). 2 Although private (paid for directly by the patient) primary care services have increased in recent years, the vast majority of England's population remain registered with an NHS general practice, which is their sole or main provider of primary care. To help cope with the demand for advice from patients with symptoms of suspected COVID-19 infection, primary care teams were supported by the NHS 111 service. This has led to the closure of some hubs and also of home visiting services, with responsibility for managing patients with suspected COVID-19 infection being passed back to general practices. 11 Several general practitioners have now died from COVID-19 infection in England and this has further exacerbated concerns about personal protective equipment in primary care. cache = ./cache/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339400-9uro1xlk author = Chang, Yoon-Seok title = COVID-19 and allergy date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 888 sentences = 59 flesch = 50 summary = Since its first report in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has totally changed our life throughout the world [1] . It is important to keep washing hands, wearing mask, and physical distancing in this time of 'COVID-19 pandemic' and 'new normal.' Numerous clinical trials of vaccines and therapeutic agents are ongoing [3] . Readers will find interesting articles on wheeze sound characteristics and nighttime sleep disturbances in younger children, the tolerability to paracetamol and preferential cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hypersensitivity, and the knowledge and attitudes of residents and interns to drug allergy [16] [17] [18] . This issue also contains inspiring articles on the utility of an educational video on epinephrine prefilled syringe usage for anaphylaxis, and the IgE recognition profile of aeroallergen components in young children sensitized to dogs [19, 20] . cache = ./cache/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339293-7ks3bopm author = Nejatifard, Marzieh title = Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4581 sentences = 252 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of the PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissue. The included papers were evaluated for the effect of light therapy, PBM, or low -level laser therapy on the lung inflammation, ARDS, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and lung parenchyma. All the studies confirmed that the PBM can reduce the lung inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. All the papers have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of the PBM including reducing the lung edema, cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and damage to the endothelial cytoskeleton. cache = ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339399-36wo66rl author = Trepanier, Sylvain title = Leading on the Edge of Insanity date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2038 sentences = 133 flesch = 71 summary = COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. Sylvain Trepanier, DNP, RN, CENP, FAONL, FAAN COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. And I am reminded that hope is not a plan; therefore, now is the time to show up as nurse leaders and make a difference. Stay home and follow up with their primary care provider Self-quarantine for a period of at least 14 days Practice hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette Stay calm (this latter may be hard to do with the way messages are sometimes conveyed on public and social media) To that end, nurse leaders are encouraged to consider educating all constituents in promoting physical distancing, promoting the use of virtual clinics, eliminating visitations, screening everyone entering a building, cohorting patients, and collaborating with city, military, and state organizations. cache = ./cache/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339355-zkkj8a83 author = Siripanthong, Bhurint title = Coronavirus disease 2019 is delaying the diagnosis and management of chest pain, acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis and heart failure date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2327 sentences = 97 flesch = 30 summary = In cardiology, COVID-19 has imposed an unfortunate conundrum: the disease is significantly associated with death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, [1, 2] and yet hospital admissions and certain cardiac procedures have significantly declined compared with prior years [3] [4] [5] . This creates a potentially multiplicative problem if COVID-19 and its etiologic virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), directly or indirectly cause increased cardiac damage while patients with cardiac disease are simultaneously undertreated for pre-existing or de novo illness. In spite of numerous mechanisms that may increase the likelihood or severity of cardiovascular disease in COVID-19, many centers have thus far reported a decline in the number of patients admitted for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, the way in which certain centers approach the diagnosis of ACS or myocardial infarction in COVID-19 patients may have contributed to the decline in the apparent incidence of ischemic heart disease. cache = ./cache/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author = Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title = COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1704 sentences = 101 flesch = 42 summary = 4 6 The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual experience of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and in doing so foster greater social responsibility and opportunities for change and a more inclusive society. Summary box ► COVID-19 has conferred new experiential knowledge on society and a rare opportunity to better understand the social model of disability and to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. ► The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual knowledge of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and foster greater social awareness, responsibility and opportunities for change towards a more inclusive society. ► We have learnt from COVID-19 that inclusive healthcare and universal access should be the new normal, that its provision as a social good is both unifying and empowering for society as a whole. We have a rare opportunity to understand and better the lives of persons with disabilities for whom some aspects of the COVID-19 experience are enduring. cache = ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339111-d6ll48nv author = Patterson, Joanne M title = COVID‐19 and ENT SLT services, workforce and research in the UK: A discussion paper date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6628 sentences = 342 flesch = 43 summary = One area that is severely affected is ear, nose and throat (ENT)/laryngology where speech and language therapists (SLTs) engage in a diverse range of practice with patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems, and head and neck cancers (HNCs). MAIN CONTRIBUTION: The main threats to ENT/laryngology SLT clinical services include increased patient complexity related to COVID‐19 voice and airway problems, delayed HNC diagnosis, reduced access to instrumental procedures and inequitable care provision. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: ENT/laryngology SLTs manage patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems and HNCs. The diverse scope of clinical practice involves highly specialized assessment and treatment practices in patients in high‐risk categories. The NIHR CRN ENT SLT (National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network, Ear Nose and Throat sub-specialty Speech and Language Therapy) Research Group represents a collaboration of experienced clinical researchers in ENT/laryngology (voice and airway disorders, and head and neck cancer-HNC). cache = ./cache/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339459-z22a5yzo author = Mackey, Katherine title = Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4132 sentences = 202 flesch = 44 summary = PURPOSE: To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or is associated with worse COVID-19 disease outcomes, and to assess the efficacy of these medications for COVID-19 treatment. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies and trials in adults that examined associations and effects of ACEIs or ARBs on risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Three studies (33, 36, 37) , which included a total of 8766 patients with COVID-19 and presented analyses adjusted for important confounding factors, had consistent results and provide moderate-certainty evidence that ACEIs or ARBs are not associated with a higher likelihood of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among symptomatic patients ( Table 1) . Risks and Impact of ACEIs or ARBs in Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection REVIEW Annals.org Annals of Internal Medicine other U.S. study included patients with COVID-19 in the New York University health system and examined ICU admission, assisted ventilation, and death as outcomes (37) . cache = ./cache/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339436-0k73tlna author = Giagulli, Vito Angelo title = Worse progression of COVID‐19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor? date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7894 sentences = 520 flesch = 40 summary = Considering that low serum T levels induce detrimental effects on cardiovascular system and predispose to impaired immune response, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, respectively 28 , herein, we will overview on possible putative mechanisms by which circulating T might affect the prognosis in men with COVID-19 (Table 1) . All rights reserved adipose tissue dysfunction and male hypogonadism, even if subclinical, are associated with higher circulating levels of cytokine (IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha), endothelial dysfunction 163 , and amplified thrombosis risk, possibly prompting to detrimental clinical consequences in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It may affect baseline respiratory function, thus increasing the risk of mechanical ventilation requirement once the infection occurred; increase the number of baseline comorbidities, consequently predisposing to poor prognosis or death as certificated by epidemiological studies; fosters hormonal imbalance (decline in circulating serum T and increase in serum estrogen concentration) which are involved in the fine regulation of immune system and coagulative homeostasis in case of infection, and predispose men to poor effective immune response, cytokine dysregulation; endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. cache = ./cache/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339360-vm4yy47i author = Krywyk, J. title = DYNAMICS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS: GLOBAL PATTERN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES VARIATIONS date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3047 sentences = 202 flesch = 57 summary = The pattern seems common to a very large number of countries, and congruent with that of epidemics of other respiratory syndromes, opens the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic would have developed its "natural history" by spreading spontaneously despite the measures taken to contain it. A preliminary analysis of the evolution of mortality selecting only countries with a complete epidemic cycle -determined a general pattern of COVID-19 similar to some common winter respiratory viral . The apparent similarity of the epidemic dynamics of the 14 selected countries are prone to construction of the average curve of the evolution of the number of deaths, covering a period of 110 days [ Figure 3 ]. The incidence of deaths can be observed with a certain similarity between the countries that are most advanced in the epidemic, revealing a dynamic specific to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339460-7hzlyn79 author = Landsness, Eric C. title = Pivoting Research to COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 997 sentences = 56 flesch = 40 summary = 3 First Steps to Pivoting your Research to When discussing their transition to a new field, both panelists felt that critically appraising their own skill set, reflecting on their clinical/scientific observations, and asking, "How does my expertise apply to COVID-19?" were key steps in identifying how best to pivot their research. 6 Dr Justin McArthur joined the panelists in noting that the high number of patients being infected and the known increased recovery time for patients suffering neurological deficits will likely lead to a significant need for studying and caring for patients with COVID-19 with neurological sequela. Funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and private foundations have quickly introduced COVID-19-related funding opportunities. As COVID-19 research enterprises are developed, engaging these under-represented and over-burdened communities will be a high priority. cache = ./cache/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339406-81a7fkpj author = Borghi, M. O. title = Prevalence, specificity, and clinical association of anti-phospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients: are the antibodies really guilty? date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3152 sentences = 212 flesch = 54 summary = Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-{beta}2GPI antibodies. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against {beta}2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. APS is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by venous and arterial thrombosis in the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) that can prolong phospholipid-dependent clotting time assays [3] . Importantly, aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly reacting against β 2 -glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies found in APS patients. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients positive for IgG/IgA/IgM aCL and anti-β 2 GPI antibodies detected by ELISA and CIA is summarized in Table 1 . There was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. cache = ./cache/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339506-pkusvf82 author = Zaki, N. title = The estimations of the COVID-19 incubation period: a systematic review of the literature date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5969 sentences = 280 flesch = 50 summary = One reason for this is that generally we can only discover the times when the patient was in contact with persons carrying the virus, and then assume that the incubation period runs from the earliest date of exposure to the appearance of clinical symptoms or medical diagnosis. et al [15] researched the early data regarding transmission dynamics for the virus in Wuhan, estimating the mean incubation period at 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.1-7.0), with the distribution's 95 th percentile being 12.5 days. They took individual patient histories from COVID-19 subjects in China (not from Hubei Province) for estimating the distribution of the time for generation, incubation, and the time span between onset of symptoms and isolation/diagnosis. The researchers undertook analysis of clinical data for 34 subjects submitting to elective surgery during the COVID-19 incubation period at four Chinese hospitals (Renmin, Tongji, Zhongnan, and Central) in Wuhan between January 1 and February 5, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339455-b8nu34vv author = Sakr, Yasser title = The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2403 sentences = 135 flesch = 39 summary = title: The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a potentially fatal complication that has been frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) [1] [2] [3] [4] . Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with coagulation abnormalities [4] [5] [6] [7] , which predispose to considerable procoagulant effects [4, 5, 8] . Another important observation in patient #1 was that the severe disease progression was associated with concomitant increases in IL-6, ferritin, and D-Dimer levels, which highlights the potential role of these markers for identifying severe cases of COVID-19 who may warrant a more meticulous diagnostic assessment to exclude the presence of PTE. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339467-ewqxf02j author = Liang, Ying title = Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 from pneumonias caused by other etiologies in a fever clinic in Beijing date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1552 sentences = 89 flesch = 55 summary = Based on epidemiological history, clinical and radiological manifestations, cases with possible or probable COVID-19 were sent for panel discussion and then for SARS-CoV-2 detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Epidemiological data included: if the patient came from Wuhan City or other cities of Hubei Province in 2 weeks, if the patient ever had close contact with individuals from Wuhan or other cities of Hubei province, or with individuals who had confirmed COVID-19 in 2 weeks, and if the onset of pneumonia occurred in family members in a short period. For the remaining 91 cases with negative viral detection, 2 cases were not included in the final analysis because they had epidemiological evidence with interstitial pneumonia in CT findings and COVID-19 could not be completely excluded, 22 were excluded from the analysis because of lack of CT scan or no signs of pneumonia on CT scan, and finally 67 patients were included as the non-COVID-19 group [Supplementary Figure 1 , http://links.lww.com/CM9/A337]. cache = ./cache/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339589-dl2qpc0t author = Thachil, Jecko title = SARS-2 Coronavirus–Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2209 sentences = 155 flesch = 42 summary = 3, 4 There is increasing recognition that the COVID-19-associated hemostasis abnormality (CAHA) may instead be resulting in localized thrombosis in the lungs, which has been reinforced by the fact that timely anticoagulation can be successful in reducing mortality of seriously unwell patients. Despite a critically ill patient being at a very high risk of thrombosis due to various reasons (including immobilization, underlying risk factors, muscle paralysis from sedation, and the use of vasoactive drugs), the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can still be missed. • Since there is a crucial link between inflammation and thrombosis, more so in COVID-19 patients, are patients who are on immunosuppressants less likely to get severe pulmonary disease and complications? • Is there a role for antiplatelet agents in patients who progress to more severe disease while on therapeutic anticoagulation, since activated platelets are pathogenic in the lung inflammation? cache = ./cache/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339517-93nuovsj author = Consolo, Ugo title = Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5652 sentences = 268 flesch = 49 summary = The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of age group for perceived patient's likelihood of contracting the infection (F 2,353 -Statistic = 1157, p < 0.001), and reported levels of concern about the professional future ( To the question "During clinical activity, which measures do you use to prevent COVID-19 infection?", dentists replied highlighting a good knowledge of what is reported in the most recent indications from the literature. To the question "Which aids do you think could help dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic?", for which two preferences could be expressed, the dentists replied indicating "Economic relieves from Italian government" (65.7%), "Social security institutions support and subsidy" (44.1%)," Economic relieves from dental associations" (32.1%) and "Improvement of communication with patients" (8.1%). cache = ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339550-0yrb4qrh author = Félix-Oliveira, Afonso title = Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 751 sentences = 54 flesch = 58 summary = By April 12, a total of 16 585 cases had been confirmed in Portugal; 504 individuals (3.0% of those confirmed as infected) had succumbed to COVID-19 and 228 (1.4%) were in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although the anticipated bottleneck in the care of COVID-19 patients was ICU beds and ventilators, healthcare workers, including cardiology professionals, are being assigned to tasks unrelated to their specialized training in order to compensate for the structural shortage of human resources in healthcare. 4,5 These patients have been strongly advised to stay at home and self-isolate to avoid being infected, in an effort to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, on a week-by-week analysis, there was a trend for increasing number of deaths during March 2020, anticipating the expected rise in mortality in the following weeks ( Figure 2A ). 2, 9 Cardiovascular-related symptoms are usually among the most frequent in the ER, and cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death in Portugal. cache = ./cache/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339576-0d6sa9pe author = Guallar, María Pilar title = Inoculum at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and risk of disease severity date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1380 sentences = 79 flesch = 56 summary = Our data support that a greater SARS-CoV-2 inoculi at the time of exposure might determine a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Herein we report three clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Madrid, in which infected persons experienced divergent clinical outcomes, namely severe, mild or asymptomatic. In this cluster, low viral exposures along with social distancing would J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f account for more benign clinical forms of COVID-19, along with asymptomatic and uninfected cases. In this cluster, indoor continuous viral exposure could account for a wider presentation of clinical forms of COVID-19, being all residents infected. In this cluster, a large indoor viral exposure seemed to account for infection of all attenders and development of severe clinical forms in half of them. Timeframe of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 disease severity in persons belonging to groups with different viral exposure cache = ./cache/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339504-8svo2w3u author = Lima, Rodrigo Moreira e title = Recommendations for local-regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2842 sentences = 194 flesch = 41 summary = Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the post-operative period and provides safety to patients and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. The present manuscript aims to review the evidence available on regional anesthesia for patients with COVID-19 and offer practical recommendations for safe and efficient performance. Therefore, when faced with the decision on which anesthetic technique is the most appropriate and safe for confirmed or suspected patients of COVID-19, judicial investigation of neurological symptoms potentially present is mandatory, equally to what is done for the pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms common in these patients [19] In this way, we can come across cases in which distinguishing post-dural puncture headache and headache due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is difficult. Despite the recommendation favorable to wearing a surgical mask when in contact with patients with COVID-19 in short and not aerosol-generating procedures, [27] the possibility of block failures, need for ventilatory care or conversion to general anesthesia should be considered. cache = ./cache/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339491-lyld3up2 author = Prakash, A. title = Using Machine Learning to assess Covid-19 risks date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4192 sentences = 250 flesch = 55 summary = A dataset based on these statistics were generated and was then fed into an unsupervised learning algorithm to reveal patterns and identify similar groups of people in the population. PARTICIPANTS: The adult population were considered for the analysis, development and validation of the model RESULTS: Of 1 million observations generated, 20% of them exhibited Covid symptoms and patterns, and 80% of them belonged to the asymptomatic and non-infected group of people. Using this, our proposed method captures these statistics along with some clinical background and generates a dataset on which we intend to apply an unsupervised learning algorithm to identify patterns and classify them into risk cohorts. Covid based research has evidently increased since the pandemic has struck and related resources are available extensively today, and this method has tried to capture these studies into an interpretable form for analysis and categorization of different risk cohorts that were validated against current data. cache = ./cache/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339561-sgbxzeuh author = Snow, Elaine K title = Creation and maintenance of a table for assessment of evolving evidence for COVID-19–related treatments date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2091 sentences = 132 flesch = 52 summary = PURPOSE: This report describes the development and maintenance of a table to present an assessment of evidence for treatments used in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, these skills were applied to assess emerging evidence for COVID-19–related treatments, and the information was compiled into a new resource for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to use at the point of care. A comprehensive table was developed to provide a summary of available evidence for various therapies being investigated or used in patients with COVID-19 to inform and support pharmacists and other clinicians as they make therapeutic decisions while caring for patients with the disease. The evidence table format enabled the AHFS DI staff to provide ongoing updates as new information became available during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author = Fox, Sharon E. title = Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 952 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = In addition, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) similar to Kawasaki disease has been increasingly reported in association with COVID-19 in children and young adults (3) (4) (5) . Objective: To provide what we believe to be the first report on the pathologic findings of vasculitis of the small vessels of the heart, which likely represents MIS, leading to death in a young adult after presumed resolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Gross abnormalities noted at autopsy (4 hours after death) were conjunctival injection, enlarged cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and vascular thrombi with focal surrounding hemorrhage in the left lower lung, which probably contributed to illness but were not likely the primary cause of death. The clinical picture in this adult patient of sudden lymphadenopathy and parotitis combined with small-vessel cardiac vasculitis after COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of a similar systemic inflammatory process. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans cache = ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339616-4ctpq5v3 author = de Carvalho, Carolina Abreu title = How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2755 sentences = 124 flesch = 47 summary = The goal of this commentary is to expose the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a critical analysis of this scenario and suggesting ways to move forward. The fight against food insecurity in Brazil was interrupted with the adoption of austerity measures, such as the National Amendment 95/2016 (4) , which reduced public expenditure on social policies, in addition to labour and social security reforms, which represents a scenario of violation of human rights that are being aggravated by the current pandemic. Finally, with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, another action which has become even more urgent is that the government again should prioritise the FNS agenda and update the National Plan for Food and Nutrition Security (PNSAN). cache = ./cache/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339579-4n43at58 author = Lan, Lan title = Early CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asymptomatic Children: A Single-Center Experience date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 125 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: The current study reported a case series to illustrate the early computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients. CONCLUSION: Small patches of ground-glass opacity with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings on CT scans of pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease. According to previous studies (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) , bilateral and peripheral predominant groundglass opacity (GGO) or mixed GGO and consolidation with signs such as crazy paving, air bronchogram, and interstitial thickening were common findings in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CT = computed tomography, GGO = ground glass opacity, RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction kjronline.org was not observed, although they were common findings in most adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3, 17) . Regarding CT features, small patches of GGO with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings in pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339533-r0qsqjus author = Mein, Stephen A title = COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 78 flesch = 52 summary = Pandemics have the unique ability to amplify existing health inequalities, disproportionately affecting socially disadvantaged groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Racial and ethnic minorities are at both a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering worse outcomes. 5, 6 Once infected, racial and ethnic minorities are at a greater risk of increased disease severity. 7 Previous epidemiological studies have consistently shown many of these conditions to be more prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities, likely contributing to the worse health outcomes seen from COVID-19. Until recently, there has been minimal comprehensive demographic data reported from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or other governing bodies around the racial/ethnic characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19. Health disparities have long plagued our country and greatly impacted racial and ethnic minorities. Protection of racial/ethnic minority populations during an influenza pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339536-je7fe0e7 author = Chang, Wei-Ting title = The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 471 sentences = 38 flesch = 63 summary = title: The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed Two months apart from the lockdown of the first city, Wuhan, China, the research institutes at Stanford University, California start their remote lecture plan from March 14 th . With the timely activation of the public health system, Taiwan is one of the countries with an early response to COVID-19 3 . Currently, Taiwan received a 'rotten egg' from the pandemic with 452 cases diagnosed with COVID-19 and 7 cases of death, which fortunately is a relatively lower mortality rate compared to other countries. Instead of instituting a local, citywide, or national lockdown, most people in Taiwan maintain their daily activities, including biomedical research. There are several pivotal decisions and measures that contained COVID-19 and simultaneously permitted the function of research and educational institutes. China Novel Coronavirus I and Research T. cache = ./cache/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339614-28s205p8 author = Dover, Jeffrey S. title = A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12532 sentences = 440 flesch = 36 summary = Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author = Mikami, Takahisa title = Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 183 flesch = 44 summary = PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in ambulatory and inpatient settings and identify risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. cache = ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339645-0babe90b author = Stewart, Ruth title = Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and the COVID-19 response date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1071 sentences = 65 flesch = 49 summary = Weak health systems in LMICs are generally struggling to make the necessary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of comorbidities are putting our populations at increased risk of the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic. 8 In many countries, these challenges have come on top of entrenched economic, social, and political pressures and present considerable demands on researchers seeking to generate evidence in the COVID-19 response. Despite these practical challenges, above and beyond those faced by all researchers producing rapid reviews during this period, 10 our networks continue to generate evidence syntheses to support our governments and strengthen their capacities and resilience. We need action from individuals, organisations, govern ments, and donors to enable and sustain the generation and use of evidence synthesis in LMICs if we are to tackle COVID-19 globally. cache = ./cache/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339637-hb6bsb6q author = Khader, Mohammed Abdul title = A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3801 sentences = 234 flesch = 56 summary = A highly significant correlation (r = 0.89, p = 0.0145) was found between increasing age and reporting of higher BGLs. Conclusion: This study provides a firsthand evidence of major disruption in diabetes care activities during and after the lockdown phase in India and increased risk of poorer clinical outcomes, if infected by SARS-CoV-2. Inclusion criteria -People who are diagnosed with diabetes -Any gender -Age more than 18 years Exclusion criteria -Not able to provide informed consent for the study The questionnaire consisted of mainly 3 domains: A) socio-demographic details, e.g., subject's age, gender, state, city, town, educational qualification, financial income; B) medical and social history, e.g., type of diabetes, comorbidities, smoking, and drinking habits; C) impact of COVID-19 outbreak on their medical and social life, e.g., frequency of clinic visits, changes in glycemic levels, digital glucometer at home, access to health care services, changes in the eating habits and physical activity, changes in drinking and smoking habits, online consultations, the reason for cancellation or postponement. cache = ./cache/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339686-oybnk1j8 author = Suassuna, José Hermógenes Rocco title = Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5770 sentences = 281 flesch = 41 summary = title: Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine We produced this document to bring pertinent information to the practice of nephrology, as regards to the renal involvement with COVID-19, the management of acute kidney injury cases, and practical guidance on the provision of dialysis support.As information on COVID-19 evolves at a pace never before seen in medical science, these recommendations, although based on recent scientific evidence, refer to the present moment. Every professional involved in nephrological care must provide the best possible assistance to the patients under their responsibility, adopt practices that minimize their personal risk of contamination, that of their patients and the whole range of other professionals who participate in hospital kidney support, including nurses and technicians, dialysis staff, healthcare professionals from all areas (for example, doctors and nurses in intensive care medicine), laboratory and radiology technicians, cleaning and transport staff, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339649-ppgmmeuz author = Klein, Michael G. title = COVID-19 Models for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning: A Systematic Review date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4182 sentences = 240 flesch = 49 summary = CONCLUSION: The results of our study provide information to physicians, hospital administrators, emergency response personnel, and governmental agencies on available models for preparing scenario-based plans for responding to the COVID-19 or similar type of outbreak. For each user-defined scenario, these tools identify an epidemic curve of the expected number of COVID-19 cases per day and the expected hospital occupancy per day in medical-surgical wards and ICUs. We provide the input parameters, highlight key features, and explain the output that can be produced from each model. This online tool provides an estimate of the maximum manageable daily number of incident COVID-19 cases that a health care system could serve based on an age-stratified case distribution and severity, as well as available medical resources, such as the number of available acute and critical care beds. The main goal of this review was to identify models that can project both COVID-19 caseload and surge capacity requirements over time for hospital level analysis with parameters including LOS, occupancy, and ventilator capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339689-pemyxewv author = Moran, Alexander title = Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2693 sentences = 139 flesch = 46 summary = The World Health Organization (WHO) has published interim COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance, which focuses on administrative controls (including policy, guidance, training and triage practices), environmental controls (including ventilation and waste management) and personal protective equipment (PPE, including rational use thereof) [11] . South Africa responded "yes" to all readiness questions except one administrative control question: "is there a triaging system that can be applied to ARI in the health facilities?" Even in a country like South Africa which is relatively well-prepared for COVID-19, we must examine any additional resources which can be leveraged for an even more effective response. As the country rapidly prepares for mitigating community spread through actions like a nationwide lockdown and travel restrictions, ensuring a coordinated infection prevention and control response at the facility-level can further improve these gains and can ensure that South Africa leverages all possible resources [16, 17] . cache = ./cache/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339638-yrxoj1hl author = Goldman, Ran D. title = Willingness to Vaccinate Children against Influenza after the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3506 sentences = 159 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. In order to better understand how COVID-19 has influenced attitudes towards J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f influenza vaccination, we specifically aimed to describe characteristics of caregivers who intend to immunize their children in 2020-2021 despite the child not receiving influenza immunization in the prior year. Most caregivers were not concerned about their child having COVID-19 when coming to the EDs in the six countries where this survey took place, and we found a significant correlation between level of concern and plan to vaccinate against influenza (p-value= 0.037; Figure 2 [available at www.jpeds.com]). cache = ./cache/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339665-nwwutduy author = Patel, Ami title = Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5258 sentences = 286 flesch = 52 summary = Prior work with the related coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, delineated that the Spike protein of these viruses was an important target for development of neutralizing antibodies, and in animal viral challenges vaccine targeted immunity (reviewed in (Du et al., 2009; Roper and Rehm, 2009; Thanh Le et al., 2020) (Liu et al., 2018; Muthumani et al., 2015; van Doremalen et al., 2020a) . These memory titers were comparable to those observed in other reported protection studies in macaques performed at the acute phase of the vaccine-induced immune response (Gao et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020b; Yu et al., 2020) and those reported in the sera of convalescent patients (Ni et al., 2020; Robbiani et al., 2020) . Our study and other published reports show that DNA vaccination with candidates targeting the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein likely increase the availability of T cell immunodominant epitopes leading to a broader and more potent immune response, compared to partial domains and truncated immunogens. cache = ./cache/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339712-chkgq0it author = Hussain, Arshad title = People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1564 sentences = 111 flesch = 54 summary = In December 2019, in the Hubei province (China), no one could have predicted the pandemic potential of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19). The risk in diabetic patient has been likewise reported in the previous CoV infections, SARS in 2002 affecting more than eight thousand in Asia and the Middle East 7,8 and two thousand in Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia in 2012. 10 Comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, DM, hypertension and obesity have substantial effect on outcome of a patient infected with COVID-19. 13 In patient with these comorbidities, potential factors might be due to direct accelerated damage of target tissues or favoured virus life-cycle during a SARS-CoV-2 infection. 17 With coexistent diabetes and viral respiratory diseases (COVID-19) tight glycemic control has beneficial clinical outcome. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339874-not2z6q6 author = Kumar, Ankush title = Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2331 sentences = 119 flesch = 51 summary = India is a large country, with a highly variable inter-state mobility, and dynamically varying infection cases in different locations; thus, the existing models, based solely on the aspects of growth rates, or generalized network concepts, may not provide desired predictions. In India, the mobility towards professional sites can surge incoming cases at Maharastra and Karnataka, while migration towards the native places can risk Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. To model COVID-19 spread in India, here we use the states and union territories as components and their reported positive cases as the number of people infected. The passenger's air-transport analysis and regular transport based on migration map (case(c)), both predict that Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Karnataka could receive a significantly higher number of cases. The present work proposes a network-based model for predicting the spread of COVID-19, incorporating human mobility through knowledge on migration and air-transport. cache = ./cache/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339727-q8pjwl3s author = Sahu, Kamal Kant title = Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3325 sentences = 214 flesch = 48 summary = Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Recently, a few studies have examined the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Because H7N9 and SARS-CoV-2 share similar complications-ARDS, hypoxic respiratory failure, severe inflammation, overt immune response, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome-MSCs therapy may be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia as well. Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use cache = ./cache/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author = Nopp, Stephan title = Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4716 sentences = 292 flesch = 44 summary = [1] [2] [3] Early studies already reported on coagulation abnormalities and coagulopathy with a rather prothrombotic phenotype in patients with 5] With the better understanding of COVID-19 and its clinical course, venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease entity covering pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has been recognized as a particular complication of the disease. These included methodological specifics of the studies (study design, health care setting), clinical information of the study population (demographics, comorbidities, disease severity, use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, ultrasound screening, and D-dimer levels), and outcome specifics (definition, type, and rate of VTE). After excluding studies with a high risk of underlying bias, quantitative results from 66 studies were aggregated within a meta-analysis, including 28,173 patients (1, Figure 2 shows a Forrest plot of VTE rates, together with information on health care setting, the performance of screening and outcome definition of respective studies. cache = ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339830-7om9ajev author = Fisher, Edwin B title = COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1618 sentences = 85 flesch = 52 summary = in this issue [13] , reports on a set of versatile telephone peer support services for police-Cop2Cop, veterans-Vet2Vet, child protection workers-Worker2Worker, caregivers of those with dementia-Care2Caregivers, and mothers of children with special needs-Mom2Mom. As it was going to press, we had the opportunity (April 24, 2020) to talk about the impacts of COVID-19 with peer support workers from three of these, Mom2Mom, Worker2Worker, and Cop2Cop. Here, we present key points that emerged. Especially among police, peer support workers described their callers getting through this difficult period by trying to "keep doing their business … keeping their minds busy" and "trying not to think about COVID-19 too much." Experience with first responders in 9/11, however, presages increased emotional distress approximately 6 months after the end of the acute pandemic. Peer support workers noted it is both important but also difficult to help people focus on the immediate priority of their families' health rather than being too concerned about productivity, school progression, or behavioral or psychological progression. cache = ./cache/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339861-yq1qeo5d author = Fan, Jingchun title = The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Gansu and Jinlin Provinces, China date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4514 sentences = 198 flesch = 50 summary = While most publications by clinicians and researchers have been focusing on the epicenter of COVID-19, i.e., Wuhan, China, this manuscript aims to cover the epidemiology of the COVID-19 infection in the Northern region of China, namely the Gansu (Northwest) and Jilin (Northeast) Provinces. We hypothesize that the general population continues to face dangerous SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission from distant locations, including from the epicenter (Wuhan, Hubei Province, China) , if no effective measures are implemented, despite considerable precautions being undertaken by the provincial governmental authorities. In northern China, the sequential procedures that were adopted were as follows: city lockdown, use of road blocks except for essential travel, maintenance of social distancing, restrictions on social gatherings, mandatory wearing of face masks in public, closure of manufacturing facilities and schools, temperature checking at building entrances, reporting of whereabouts and health condition via QR code app, and remote online working and schooling in the Gansu and Jilin Provinces during the first wave of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339737-7qdjea6f author = Sbidian, E. title = Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and in-hospital mortality or discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: a cohort study of 4,642 in-patients in France date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6035 sentences = 306 flesch = 45 summary = -Using a large non-selected population of inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in 39 hospitals in France and robust methodological approaches, we found no evidence for efficacy of HCQ on 28-day mortality -Our results suggest an excess risk of mortality in patients treated by a combination of HCQ and AZI, but not with HCQ alone -Significantly higher rates of discharge home were observed in patients treated by HCQ, a novel finding warranting further confirmation in replicative studies . Results from competing risks multivariable analyses for 28-day mortality and hospital discharge are displayed in Table 3 , showing both raw unadjusted estimates for the average treatment effect of 'HCQ alone 'or 'HCQ plus AZI', and AIPTW results from double robust estimation accounting for confounders for the outcome and the treatment allocation. cache = ./cache/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339902-tsd6sjcx author = Lagunas-Rangel, F. A. title = Laboratory findings that predict a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 994 sentences = 60 flesch = 57 summary = Diabetes is one of the main comorbidities in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because the presence of diabetes and COVID-19 in the same patient is related to a poor clinical prognosis and a high probability of death, it is necessary to determine what findings allow us to predict a good or bad resolution of the disease in order to opt for a traditional treatment or a more incisive one. In this way, in the present work we analyze which laboratory parameters showed differences in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered and in those who had complications or died. 1 In COVID-19 patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the 31 main comorbidities associated with severe disease, ARDS, and increased mortality. 3, 4 Since establishing an early prognosis in patients 38 with diabetes infected with SARS-CoV-2 could help in their treatment decisions, in the 39 present work we analyzed which laboratory parameters showed differences that could predict 40 a good or bad resolution of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339864-rv5zw972 author = Reihani, Hamidreza title = Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 60 flesch = 50 summary = In Iran, social media accounts circulated false stories of curing COVID-19 by drinking high-proof alcohol, poisoning over 2,000 people due to the inadvertent consumption of methanol with bleach to hide its color [5] . In Madagascar, President Andry Rojoelina launched an herbal coronavirus "cure" produced from the artemisia plant, yet the WHO stated that the tonic is not evidence-based and is potentially toxic [9] . These herbal formulas contain a combination of many herbs and the exact proprietary mixture is not available, posing a major health risk to patients due to their potential toxicity, contamination, or adulteration [10] . The implications of medicating with herbal-based formulas is serious and dangerous because there is no scientific evidence suggesting that these alternative remedies can prevent or cure COVID-19. The spread of nonevidence-based COVID-19 treatments or cures will undoubtedly worsen the magnitude of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339919-4ko4lwjz author = Cook, T. M. title = The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 670 sentences = 47 flesch = 44 summary = Reviewing the literature that reports rates of hypertension amongst included patients indicates a consistent association with more severe disease and increased mortality. It is difficult from individual reports to determine whether hypertension is a risk factor for development of symptomatic disease or hospitalisation or for more severe disease. It is difficult from individual reports to determine whether hypertension is a risk factor for development of symptomatic disease or hospitalisation or for more severe disease. Hypertension is included in many reports as a 'risk factor' for COVID-19 but there has been a lack of clarity as to whether this means risk factor for acquiring the disease, the severity of disease or for poor outcomes. The association of hypertension with its potential microvascular disease, with more severe disease and poor outcomes from COVID-19, is therefore an important consideration. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339835-ze9ay2rm author = Daphna-Tekoah, Shir title = Listening to Hospital Personnel’s Narratives during the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7906 sentences = 381 flesch = 54 summary = As a means to address the changing needs of our hospital's HCWs, we conducted a narrative analysis study in the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak. By paying close attention the narratives of the hospital staff, we were able to address an additional aim, namely, to initiate the establishment of a data-based foundation for both immediate and future interventions, thereby expanding knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms and strategies that front-line personnel use to cope with exposure to traumatic situations. Sharon, a nurse, summed up this opinion very succinctly as: "Corona-it is not extra work, it is completely different work." Against the background of this commonly held perspective, the third stage of the Listening Guide analytic technique nonetheless enabled us, the interviewers, to identify multiple voices that revealed different aspects of HCWs' experiences and needs, including their attitudes towards the coronavirus pandemic, the staff and the hospital, and their own needs. cache = ./cache/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340027-6l55rcfm author = Mamode Khan, Naushad title = Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3627 sentences = 198 flesch = 52 summary = This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The paper therefore proposes an integer-valued auto-regressive model (INAR(1)) with Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COM-Poisson) mixed innovation terms that can accommodate for covariate, random effect and serial auto-correlation specifications. The organization of the paper is as follows: In Section 2, material in terms of time series of COVID-19 in Mauritius and proposed methods principally the INAR(1) Process and the COM-Poisson mixture innovations have been provided. The results of this research revealed that several factors, the most significant being confinement measure, and least one being climatic conditions, affect the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. cache = ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339908-a2r5wzqn author = Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title = Sleep, physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: complexities and opportunities for intervention date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1162 sentences = 60 flesch = 43 summary = These effects are compounded by the adverse psychological effects produced by fear of infection, social isolation and loneliness caused by quarantine, and disruptions in education, employment, access to health care, and economic stability, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in a substantial proportion of the general population [3, 4] . A further mediating variable of interest in this context is physical activity, which has been observed to change in complex manners during the COVID-19 lockdown, and which can influence sleep both by acting as an environmental "timekeeper" and by positively influencing psychological resilience in the face of COVID-19 [7] [8] [9] . In the context of this contemporary scenario, Ernstsen and Havnen have examined the relationship between self-reported sleep disturbances and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. Both depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with disturbed sleep, but no statistically significant evidence was found for a mediating role of changes in physical activity. cache = ./cache/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339935-tguhrqvz author = Zavattaro, Staci M. title = Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2244 sentences = 139 flesch = 45 summary = Charbonneau and Doberstein (2020) consider work surveillance practices and their relationship to performance management With so many public servants being forced to shift to remote working from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such oversight is increasing in importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the crippling holes in existing MFM plans, and the authors, using lessons learned from the earthquake, recommend increased collaboration, psychological support, and network leads when it comes to developing viable MFM plans going forward. They offer economic development approaches requiring coordination, and like the other essays in this Viewpoint symposium offer a path for future research to see if these strategies work, such as active versus passive partnerships. Network of networks: preliminary lessons from the Antwerp Port Authority on crisis management and network governance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339968-s1kmipir author = Osier, Faith title = The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6123 sentences = 290 flesch = 36 summary = Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. Efforts included writing to President Donald Trump and Congressional leaders urging that they heed the advice of scientific/public health leaders, including AAI member Anthony Fauci 3 ; writing to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins requesting justification for terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus emergence 4 ; advocating supplemental funding for federal science agencies, including the NIH, for pandemic-related research losses and additional trainee support; and issuing a statement opposing actions taken by the Trump administration that will damage international scientific collaboration 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340010-t1m7dxzc author = Schaefer, Esperance A. K. title = Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1416 sentences = 97 flesch = 43 summary = Several published studies have characterized the frequency and severity of liver biochemistry abnormalities on presentation, and a few have determined whether these abnormalities are associated with increased disease-related morbidity or death, as summarized in Table 1 . 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] The largest published study to date encompassed 5700 hospitalized patients in New York and examined admission serologies: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were both frequently elevated (58.4% and 39.0% of subjects, respectively), and a separate large cohort found elevations to be more common in severe disease. 28 Thus, the liver injury observed in COVID-19 may reflect a direct viral effect, but other potential contributors must be considered, both at the time of initial presentation and during disease progression and management. Hepatic injury from SARS-CoV2 infection is observed from the time of initial contact with the medical system, suggesting that the primary insult is unrelated to medical management but rather due to either direct effect of the virus or a consequence of the systemic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340015-x9frt0jh author = de Carvalho, Werther Brunow title = Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2822 sentences = 153 flesch = 50 summary = Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for viral transmission to their fetus in pregnant mothers diagnosed with or suspected of COVID-19, it is important to elaborate the lines of care by specialists from hospitals caring for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases to guide multidisciplinary teams and families diagnosed with the disease or involved in the care of pregnant women and newborns in this context. (10) proposed the presence of at least one of following clinical signs or symptoms as criteria for the neonatal diagnosis of COVID-2: thermal instability, hypoactivity, feeding difficulty, respiratory distress, chest X-ray with changes (including single or bilateral ground-glass patterns), COVID-19 diagnosis in family or caregiver of the newborn, intimate contact with people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, or patients with unclear pneumonia. Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential viral transmission to their fetus by pregnant women with suspected or positive for COVID-19, multidisciplinary teams must be attentive to the disease signs and symptoms for guided and assertive decision making in the management of both mothers and newborns in the hospital environment and discharge. cache = ./cache/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340029-iv2x1vap author = Farabi, Banu title = Comment on “Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment” date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 811 sentences = 39 flesch = 34 summary = showed that there is no death due to COVID-19 and only one hospitalization, fully recovered amongst the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving a biological treatment and renal transplant recipients who were under immunosuppressive therapies (4) . Since, we do not have much data on biologics in psoriasis patients effecting COVID-19 disease course, current data suggests that there is no increase morbidity/ mortality amongst these patients. Risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving a biological treatment and renal transplanted recipients in maintenance immunosuppressive treatment Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times Safety and effectiveness of conventional systemic therapy and biological drugs in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and HIV infection: a retrospective multicenter study Psoriasis treatment in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review of systemic immunosuppressive therapies cache = ./cache/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339984-vuwjre82 author = Nair, Vinay title = COVID-19 and solid organ transplant outcomes date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1300 sentences = 101 flesch = 51 summary = However, recent publications report great variations in the clinical course and mortality of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . We excluded studies with fewer than five kidney transplant recipients, and those without data reported. We reviewed dates of publication, number of patients, types of solid organ transplantation including kidney transplantation, patient demographics, comorbid conditions, baseline immunosuppression, changes in immunosuppression, presenting symptoms, hospital course, treatments administered, follow-up time and patient mortality. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340008-2efzyki4 author = Haddadi, Kaveh title = Coronavirus Disease 2019: Latest Data on Neuroinvasive Potential date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3581 sentences = 209 flesch = 42 summary = Similar to other respiratory viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) may enter the brain via the hematogenous or neuronal route; however, only a few reports are available on the neurological complications of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, originated in China in December 2019 and rapidly progressed into an epidemic infection, such that the World Health Organization (WHO) termed this calamitous virus "coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Indeed, while the bulk of research conducted and published thus far has focused on the mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system, more recent investigations have reported disconcerting evidence of the entrance of this new coronavirus into the CNS via different ways, resulting in significant damage to this system or even death due to its infection. Some investigators in China reported that more than 30% of their 214 patients with COVID-19 presented with neurological signs and symptoms; they, therefore, concluded that SARS-CoV-2 might attack the CNS through blood or retrograde neuronal routes, causing the destruction of the CNS. cache = ./cache/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340063-nmx91h0a author = Müller, Olaf title = Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19 date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3011 sentences = 349 flesch = 53 summary = The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), started in December 2019 in China. Es gibt bisher weder wirksame Medikamente noch eine Impfung, somit stehen nur Public-Health-Interventionen wie einerseits physisches Abstandhalten und Hygienemaßnahmen sowie andererseits gezieltes Testen gefolgt von Isolations-und Quarantänemaßnahmen zur Verfügung. Der Erreger des Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) , das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), gehört zu einer RNA-Virusfamilie, die sowohl bei Tieren als auch beim Menschen Erkrankungen hervorrufen kann. Der Verlauf nationaler Epidemien sowie der Pandemie wird von Faktoren bestimmt, die bisher für COVID-19 noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind. Prinzipiell unterscheidet man hierbei Isolationsmaßnahmen (SARS-CoV-2-Infizierte und COVID-19-Patienten) und Quarantänemaßnahmen (Kontaktpersonen von Infizierten und Erkrankten, stark betroffene Gemeinden); diese Maßnahmen sind besonders wirksam zum Beginn einer Epidemie, wenn Infektionsketten noch nachvollziehbar sind [35] . Es ist momentan auch noch offen, welche Ausmaße die Pandemie in den Industrieländern erlangen wird; dies hängt primär von der Intensität und Dauer der durchgeführten Public-Health-Maßnahmen ab. cache = ./cache/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339956-o5o2yz1u author = Albahri, O.S. title = Helping Doctors Hasten COVID-19 Treatment: Towards a Rescue Framework for the Transfusion of Best Convalescent Plasma to the Most Critical Patients based on Biological Requirements via ML and Novel MCDM Methods date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8694 sentences = 476 flesch = 47 summary = Furthermore, the selection of the best CP to the most critical patients with COVID-19 is challenging because the requirements in the second stage should be followed whilst considering blood types; this process is considered a problem of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), which complies with national health requirements and known standard routine procedures [35] . In this context, decision-making methods are essential to overcome the abovementioned challenges by prioritising infected patients with COVID-19 and CPs. MCDM is an extension of decision theory covering any multi-objective decision and can solve this problem by constructing a decision matrix based on an intersection between the evaluation criteria used and patients with COVID-19 and/or a list of tested CPs. In general, the main target of MCDM is to rank/prioritise a set of alternatives on the basis of different evaluation criteria [63, [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] . cache = ./cache/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339990-gtbhb24z author = Moroni, Francesco title = COVID-19 and arterial thrombosis: A potentially fatal combination date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 958 sentences = 86 flesch = 42 summary = 7 While thrombotic and thromboembolic episodes frequently complicate the course of severe infectious diseases, this study, along with similar reports, suggests that several clinical and pathophysiological features differentiate those related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9,10 Second, clinical profile of patients who experience these complications is in line with that emerging from similar reports, suggesting that arterial thrombosis events in SARS-CoV-2 infection more frequently involve relatively young males, and occur in large arterial vessels (e.g. the aorta and the mesenteric artery) without significant pre-existing atherosclerotic burden, suggesting a causative mechanism that may be independent of thrombotic superimposition on an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Third, hemostatic derangements in critically-ill patients usually involve a combination of coagulation pathway alteration, direct platelet consumption or activation, and inflammation-mediated pro-thrombotic state resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 7 Interestingly, previous reports on venous thromboembolism in severe COVID-19 pneumonia have also showed a substantial rate of thrombotic events in spite of adequate prophylactic anticoagulation 11 . Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340094-u3x4g8ul author = D’Alò, Gian Loreto title = Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 669 sentences = 32 flesch = 48 summary = title: Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic We read with interest the review by Olsen & colleagues (2020) [1] underlining the possible role of mobile phones (MPs) as possible source of microbial infection. At the same time, the paper pointed out that, among the 56 identified investigations regarding the microbiological contamination of the surface of the MPs, only one study focused on the presence of viruses (specifically, the authors searched for viral RNA [1] ). In light of Covid-19 pandemic, such procedures could be implemented also in the community, as a preventive measure to reduce the spread of the virus as well as other pathogens. Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings Taking Screenshots of the Invisible: A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones from University Students of Healthcare Professions in cache = ./cache/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340060-l1okt3lm author = pathak, Mamta title = Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 301 sentences = 25 flesch = 48 summary = key: cord-340060-l1okt3lm title: Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools cord_uid: l1okt3lm Caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), this emerging disease has been extended to more than 200 countries facilitated by inappropriate and insufficient preventive measures along with unrestricted travel (2) . Moreover, there is always a need for rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive diagnostic assays to stop the menace created by the worldwide spread of this virus by early detection and follow up of subsequent timely implementation of appropriate prevention, control and mitigation strategies. Practical Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19-the Imminent Global Threat Going global-Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus Rapid colorimetric detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse tran-scriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic plat-form: iLACO Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340091-kptilmi8 author = Mulatu, H. A. title = The prevalence of common mental disorders among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary Hospital in East Africa date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4212 sentences = 232 flesch = 51 summary = A recent study among 1257 healthcare professionals in a tertiary hospital in China, revealed a high prevalence of mental health symptoms among HCWs. Overall, 50.4%, 44.6%, 34.0%, and 71.5% of health workers reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, respectively. The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological distress among HCWs and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic at St. Paul's Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was a cross-sectional, hospital-based survey that was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and mental distress among healthcare workers at St. Paul's Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic from August 1 st , 2020 up to August 30, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340028-6oicmeam author = Zhavoronkov, Alex title = Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7228 sentences = 366 flesch = 36 summary = Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects. cache = ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340085-ywg4rhnn author = Maras, J. S. title = Multi-Omics integration analysis of respiratory specimen characterizes baseline molecular determinants associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7383 sentences = 476 flesch = 42 summary = Quantitative proteomics identified significant increase in 6 SARS-CoV-2 proteins along with ACE2 in the respiratory specimen of COVID-19 positive patients compared to negative patients (p<0.05, Figure 1C , H1N1 samples did not enrich any or associated proteins). /2020 Diagnostic accuracy: Amongst the identified DEP's, mean decrease in the accuracy (calculated by random forest; 1000 trees) was highest for MX1 (MX Dynamin like GTPase 1) and WARS (Tryptophan--tRNA ligase) making them the most important proteins for segregating COVID-19 positive patients from negative or H1N1 patients ( Figure Together these findings showed that COVID-19 positive patients have virus mediated hyper immune activation involving monocytes and neutrophils, deregulated oxygen transport, increased fluid shear stress, bacterial invasion of the epithelial cells and glucose metabolism. Viral infection are also known for metabolic reprograming of host (Thaker et al., 2019) and proteome analysis of the respiratory specimen showed that there is significant increase in proteins associated to glucose metabolism suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces energy metabolism (Supplementary Figure 18 ). cache = ./cache/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340110-nvjit17f author = Singh, Rakesh title = An urgent call for measures to fight against increasing suicides during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1668 sentences = 65 flesch = 50 summary = Further, a mechanism should be established to follow-up the discharged COVID-19 recovered patients via telephone by LHWs or CWs or PHWs to assess their mental health status and provide counseling service to help prevent stress, depression and mitigate suicidal thoughts as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 recovered patients are at higher risk of discrimination leading to loneliness (Singh and Subedi, 2020). While these measures are keys to fight against COVID-19 pandemic, it is also very important to protect and promote one's mental wellbeing in this unusual situation which could lead an individual to stress, depression, suicidal ideation thoughts among people due to perceived isolation and loneliness (Singh and Subedi, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340090-dqhdws5k author = Behera, P. title = Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3780 sentences = 246 flesch = 59 summary = title: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study 11 It has also been found to prevent symptoms of COVID-19 in post-exposure prophylaxis among HCWs. 12 When given to high-risk healthcare workers in contact with COVID-19 patients in a study from Egypt, it was found that compared to 7.4% of the intervention arm, 58.5% of participants from the control arm had symptoms suggesting of COVID-19 infection. Our study has shown that two doses of ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg given 72 hours apart was associated with a 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among HCWs for the is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340119-af8i359n author = Wang, Shi-xin title = Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5323 sentences = 235 flesch = 48 summary = Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. TCM characteristics, prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province from the perspective of dampness, toxin and dryness Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on issuing the prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Beijing (trial second edition) Notice of Municipal Health Commission on issuing traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Tianjin (for trial implementation) Notice on issuing the prevention and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Gansu Province (trial second edition) Notice on issuing the diagnosis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province (trial second edition) cache = ./cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340137-2ipkxn9p author = Naguib, Mahmoud M title = Towards pandemic preparedness beyond COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 949 sentences = 61 flesch = 53 summary = A recent study in The Lancet Global Health predicted that child mortality could increase by as much as 45%, and maternal deaths by as much as 39%, in low-income countries because of lockdowns, interruption of vaccination programmes, and overload of health-care facilities, but also fear of visiting such facilities, all as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the past few months of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been several outbreaks of zoonotic diseases that did not gain much concern from the international scientific community; for example a recent Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo after a period of 2 years without any reported cases in that region of the country. Vaccination programmes and other public health initiatives are important for prevention and surveillance of emerging zoonotic infections, not least in low-income and middle-income countries. Hence, when such activities are reduced, the risk of new emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks with potential for global spread is greatly increased. cache = ./cache/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340042-intxyu46 author = Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir title = New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5457 sentences = 260 flesch = 43 summary = In December 2019, a novel virus, namely COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, developed from Wuhan, Hubei territory of China, which used its viral spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) for the entrance into a host cell by binding with ACE-2 receptor and cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different subunits of spike proteins like the S1 and S2 subunits, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are the critical elements for the formation of a vaccine against the newly emerged virus that helped in producing T cell responses and protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 [29] . The recombinant protein is known as one of the emerging fields for the development of a vaccine against viruses due to several properties including tight binding to specific ACE-2 receptor, provoke immune protection against viral infections, increase antibody-dependent viral entry, and promote antigenicity against virus like SARS-CoV [52] . cache = ./cache/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340103-dc3wye9s author = Pallanti, Stefano title = Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2348 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = All clinicians should be aware that the presentation of SARS-CoV-2's symptoms goes far beyond respiratory and sensorial dimensions and involves psychosensorial and neurological dimensions; these clinical observations could shed light on the neurobiological substrates involved in COVID-19 disease. In the long list of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, ENT-UK (The British Association of Otorhinolaryngology) has recently identified anosmia-hyposmia and hypogeusia, respectively, the sudden loss of sense of smell and taste, as "significant symptoms" which were found even in the absence of other symptoms, so that they could identify otherwise hidden carriers of this highly contagious disease. In the present report, anticipation of anosmia and hypogeusia to respiratory symptoms seems consistent with the ENT UK hypothesis that loss of sense of smell (and taste) could be considered as a symptom of COVID-19 infection; and, if confirmed, these symptoms may represent markers or early signs of SARS-CoV-2 sufficient to trigger quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340051-r9kn34wd author = MEI, Xue title = Observations about Symptomatic and Asymptomatic infections of 494 patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai,China date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3225 sentences = 173 flesch = 51 summary = (4) The number of days since the onset of the disease needed for the symptoms to disappear was associated with the epidemiological history (imported cases), the number of days until the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test turned negative, the days of hospitalization, the days of onset, and the WBC and LYM count levels (P < 0.05). The discharged patient had to conform to the following conditions 6 : (1) The patient' temperature returned to normal for more than three days; (2) respiratory symptoms improved significantly; lung imaging showed a significant improvement in acute exudative lesions; (3) the RT-PCR test of pharyngeal swab samples had two consecutive negative results (at least 24 hours apart), and we recorded the earliest date the nucleic acid test turned negative. The days until the symptoms disappeared in patients with COVID-19 were positively correlated with the history of epidemiology (imported cases),the days needed for the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test to turn negative, and the days of hospitalization. cache = ./cache/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340168-ff6z1tpx author = Armitage, Richard title = COVID-19: Compounding the health-related harms of human trafficking date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 528 sentences = 33 flesch = 31 summary = Those affected by human trafficking are exposed to multiple severe health risks, including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, occupational hazards, and deprivation, and usually require urgent medical care to address the physical and psychological consequences of extreme exploitation [1] . Simultaneously, as health systems and law enforcement refocus on COVID-19, and governments impose strict physical distancing policies, efforts to identify trafficking are significantly undermined, as healthcare providers, labour inspectors, social workers, and third sector actors are limited in their actions and contact with at-risk groups. Victims of trafficking are disproportionately at risk of COVID-19 infection due to pre-existing health needs, unregulated and unsafe working environments, over-crowded living conditions, poverty, malnutrition, and substance misuse. This further prevents timely or confidential access to healthcare, increasing morbidity and mortality due to untreated acute and long-term conditions including communicable diseases, physical injuries, mental illness, substance misuse, and suicide attempts [5] , while opportunities are missed for healthcare workers to screen, identify, and disrupt trafficking activity. cache = ./cache/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340164-vzdyy656 author = Karimi, Zohreh title = The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3681 sentences = 232 flesch = 56 summary = title: The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that nurses working in the wards and care centres designated for patients with COVID-19 are experiencing mental and emotional distress and are working in inadequate professional conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran. We performed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study to discover and interpret the meaning of nurses' lived experiences caring for patients with COVID-19. The participants included those nurses who cared for the patients with COVID-19 in hospitals at the Coronavirus Center in Iran. Analysis of the nurses' experiences caring for patients with COVID-19 by descriptive phenomenology revealed three main themes: mental condition, emotional condition, and care context (Table 4 ). This study has explored the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in designated treatment centres in Iran. cache = ./cache/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340145-nx746m76 author = Trisolino, Giovanni title = Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2611 sentences = 129 flesch = 41 summary = The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Health Service was significantly evident also within non-frontline healthcare settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where limitation and temporary suspension of most routine care activities was necessary to reduce the risk of infection in patients, families, and healthcare providers and to reallocate healthcare personnel from routine tasks to emergency. The Advisory Board of the SITOP has provided a panel of priority levels in order to safely schedule deferrable surgical treatments, reducing the risk of missing children who require non postponable operations, during the pandemic and post peak period (see Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340186-nc5uv2va author = Caligiuri, Paula title = International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10283 sentences = 448 flesch = 40 summary = Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance. Our accumulated body of knowledge in IHRM has helped us understand the challenges people face when placed in a wide range of MNE work arrangements, such as expatriate assignments, virtual international work, global project teams, and frequent international travel (Shaffer, Kraimer, Chen & Bolino, 2012) . The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that managing employees' health and safety is a key challenge for IHRM, and this is an important component of the grand challenge faced by MNEs in understanding how to deal with social responsibility (Buckley et al., 2017) . IHRM scholarship can offer an evidence-base for global mobility policies that will help employees to adjust to new ways of working in teams and the inevitable stress and uncertainty of post-pandemic travel. cache = ./cache/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340204-3gm58qza author = Mahmoodpoor, Ata title = Management of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: What We Learned and What We Do date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1706 sentences = 101 flesch = 49 summary = Till our knowledge is improved, the most important intervention in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 seems to be the level of standard care and appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment. It seems that each center should have its protocol on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Almost five percent of COVID-19 patients require intensive care medicine admission, and most of them are complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1) . Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management of critically ill patients with cytokine storm and prompt initiation of immunomodulatory treatment may be beneficial. proved, the most important intervention in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 seems to be the level of standard care and appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340155-jdddm2rz author = Neves, Sara E. title = Role of Ultrasound Guided Evaluation of Dyspnea in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2019 sentences = 85 flesch = 62 summary = 1, 2 Additional benefits of using bedside ultrasound in COVID patients include the ability to evaluate cardiac function in real-time and the reduction in number of health care workers exposed during clinical management (both medical examination and imaging assessment can be performed by a single physician at the bedside). In this article, we present three case scenarios which highlight the clinical feasibility of using ultrasonography along with discussion on a training model implemented by our team to educate the existing workforce on the principles of lung and cardiac point of care ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19-a narrative review Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis cache = ./cache/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340163-ex03l0pc author = Hu, Tingting title = A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7908 sentences = 459 flesch = 53 summary = In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The latest diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, SARS and MERS including clinical presentations, labora tory diagnosis and radiological feature Latest treatment and prevention methods of Published in a peer-reviewed article Availability of the full text publication Availability of the paper in English According to a study among 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, the male-to-female ratio was 1.06:1, and the median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 42-68; range, 22-92 years) (Wu & McGoogan, 2020; Wang et al., 2020) . CXR findings In the early phase, CXR of COVID-19 patients is not highly recommended for clinical diagnosis because of its low sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340283-5w444i1g author = Das, Anupam title = Erythematous‐oedematous type of chilblain‐like lesions and COVID‐19 : an Indian perspective date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 460 sentences = 41 flesch = 52 summary = Therefore, the temporal association, complaints of the peculiar neurological sensation followed by development of erythema and swelling in our patients, supports the probable association of the cutaneous manifestations, with COVID-19. 6 In one of the largest series published from Spain, cutaneous manifestations were pseudochilblains (19%), vesicular eruptions (9%), urticaria (19%), maculopapular rashes (47%) and livedo (6%). 7 In another series published from Italy, authors noticed an outbreak of chilblain-like lesions in Italy contemporary to COVID-19 epidemic, who reported two varieties of lesions, namely erythematous-oedematous type and blistering type. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: transient livedo reticularis Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340274-ke94njve author = Nayak, Saurabh title = Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 198 sentences = 31 flesch = 56 summary = key: cord-340274-ke94njve authors: Nayak, Saurabh; Bharati, Joyita title: Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? cord_uid: ke94njve We believe more data with antiviral therapy will emerge as trials include patients with kidney disease. Not least of all, shared decision making with the patient must be done after explaining possible benefits and harms of treatment. Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. High-dose but Not Low-dose Corticosteroids Potentially Delay Viral Shedding of Patients With COVID-19 Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 -Preliminary Report Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study A Narrative Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19 COVID-19: implications for immunosuppression in kidney disease and transplantation cache = ./cache/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340232-cadu5ah8 author = Aliter, Kholoud F. title = Thrombin Inhibition by Argatroban: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5317 sentences = 323 flesch = 34 summary = Considering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 pandemic, thrombin inhibitors may exert multiple potential therapeutic benefits including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. In this review, we put forward thrombin, a trypsin-like serine protease belonging to the coagulation process, as a potential drug target to develop adjunct therapeutics for COVID-19, particularly for the critically ill patients. In this model, inhibition of thrombin activity by a specific inhibitor reported as NAPAP (mostly likely is dabigatran) immediately led to a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers of TNF-α, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9 (CXL9), and C-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CCL1) and in the expression of the coagulation markers of factor X and PAR-1 in the brain [53] . Together, considering thrombin's roles in thrombosis, inflammation, and viral infections (Fig. 1) , it is plausible to expect that inhibiting thrombin activity may eventually promote not only anticoagulant effect, but also anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. cache = ./cache/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340114-ycgc6yyc author = Rajagopal, Kalirajan title = Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3640 sentences = 225 flesch = 52 summary = title: Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies In this article, some oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines (A1–A48) was designed by docking, MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for their COVID-19 inhibitory activity. The docking of ligands A1–A48 against SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5R82) are performed by using Glide module, in silico ADMET screening by QikProp module, binding energy using Prime MM-GB/SA module, MD simulation by Desmond module and atomic charges were derived by Jaguar module of Schrodinger suit 2019-4. Using different modules (Glide, QikProp, Prime and Desmond) of Schr€ odinger suite LLC, various computational methods such as molecular docking, ADMET screening, binding free energy calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to find the interactions responsible for COVID-19 inhibition. cache = ./cache/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340121-ytw82yyp author = Sahin, Dilek title = An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 513 sentences = 33 flesch = 53 summary = title: An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield In this article, we describe the usage of a novel delivery table shield in the second stage of labor. 13.5% of asymptomatic pregnant women who applied for delivery were found to be positive for COVID-19 in a study 4 . Similarly, another recent study has reported 13.3% COVID-19 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women 5 . Therefore, we conclude that use of delivery table shield and other personal protective equipments would be more reasonable only in the suspected or definitely diagnosed cases. Delivery table shield exactly suits the delivery table due to its unique design effectively protects the health-care staff from infected respiratory droplets during the pushing and second stage of labor. The opening in the posterior side of the delivery table shield provides comfortable respiration fort he mother during the labor. cache = ./cache/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340303-1xd5tntx author = Durmuş, Veli title = Tendencias epidémicas en los diez principales países con más casos de COVID-19 en comparación con Turquía date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3780 sentences = 266 flesch = 66 summary = The present study aimed to compare the COVID-19 epidemic parameters in Turkey with the top ten countries that reported the highest number of confirmed cases worldwide on April 25, 2020. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID19) , which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, quickly spread to more than 200 countries as the number of cases rises daily, as of April 25, 2020 (Fig. 1 ). 4 In order to measure the severity of the disease that causes death, several studies have discussed the case-fatality rate (CFR) during a specified time period by country. As of April 25, 2020, the top 10 countries with the most reported COVID-19 cases were the United States (US), Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), Turkey, Iran, China, and Russia, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340397-b43zgxgv author = Buenaventura, Robert D. title = COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3036 sentences = 145 flesch = 47 summary = In this commentary, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of older Filipinos, who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19, and describe ways that healthcare workers can help alleviate the negative impact on their mental health to the extent possible within the limited resources available in the Philippines. Since the spread of COVID-19 is related to population density (Rocklov and Sjodin, 2020) , the high densities in the Philippines where people are in relatively close contact with each other in both personal and public spaces make social distancing difficult, facilitate virus spread more easily, and lead to higher rates of infection and death. Approaches to helping mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older Filipinos involve interventions with emotional, spiritual, social, and physical components to meet their mental and other health needs. cache = ./cache/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340138-u8hxyfml author = Seneviratne, Chaminda Jayampath title = The Role of Dentists in COVID-19 Is Beyond Dentistry: Voluntary Medical Engagements and Future Preparedness date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3861 sentences = 217 flesch = 46 summary = Keywords: COVID-19, dentistry, voluntary work, preparedness, infection control BACKGROUND The emergence of the highly infectious novel coronavirus has led to a global pandemic in a span of just 3 months. Thus, the robust training of clinical medicine in dentistry strengthens the candidature of dentists to volunteer services for COVID-19 control and spread. Many dentists have therefore discontinued the provision of elective dental treatment, in accordance with guidelines released by national-level government healthcare authorities such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US and National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. In this context, dental clinics that are well equipped with facilities to control aerosol spread of infections, such as negative pressure rooms and high-volume excavators, can offer help to augment the capacity for COVID-19 screening. Precautions when providing dental care during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340323-xz6v95yy author = Urbach, Horst title = Notfällige Neurointerventionen, Covid-19 und Thorax-CT: SOP und Literaturübersicht date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1427 sentences = 154 flesch = 51 summary = Bei Schlaganfall-und anderen Notfallpatienten kann das Ergebnis einer RT-PCR zum Nachweis von SARS-CoV-2, dem Erreger der COVID-19, aus einem Abstrich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht abgewartet werden. Ein solcher Patient wird also wie ein COVID-19-Verdacht betrachtet, auch wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass er mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert ist, eher gering erscheint. Das wünschenswerte Szenario ist nun, dass der Patient die Bereiche Computertomographie (CT), Angiographie und Intensivstation wie ein COVID-19-Patient durchläuft sowie Isolierung und Verdacht nach negativem RT-PCR-Ergebnis aufgehoben werden [1] [2] [3] . V. eine Umfrage darüber gestartet, welche diagnostischen und Schutzmaßnahmen in den einzelnen Kliniken bei Patienten mit möglicher SARS-CoV-2-Infektion getroffen werden. Das unterschiedliche Vorgehen neuroradiologischer Abteilungen in Deutschland spiegelt die Unsicherheit im Umgang mit Schlaganfallpatienten und möglicher "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) wider. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340381-qfp5p6gv author = Faddoul, Annibal title = L’anesthésie au temps du COVID date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2366 sentences = 236 flesch = 63 summary = Ces deux risques ont conduit dans un premier temps à une reprise progressive de l'activité chirurgicale avec une sélection des interventions [1] puis à des mesures préventives qui ont rendu plus complexe la prise en charge des patients opérés aussi bien en urgence que de façon programmée. La consultation d'anesthésie doit maintenant intégrer un dépistage de la COVID-19 qui repose dans un premier temps sur un questionnaire standardisé (que le patient soit vu en présentiel ou en téléconsultation). Il est donc nécessaire d'aménager les locaux de consultations pour faire en sorte que les patients ne se trouvent pas ensemble dans des pièces peu ou mal ventilées ou ne puissent être contaminés suite à la manipulation de revues ou d'autres objets. Les patients qui ont des signes cliniques d'infection COVID-19 doivent donc être déprogrammés pour la chirurgie réglée et reprogrammée dans un délai de plusieurs semaines en fonction de l'évolution du tableau clinique. cache = ./cache/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340464-axb6resr author = Vijayasekaran, D. title = COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward – Correspondence date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 435 sentences = 31 flesch = 51 summary = To the Editor: The editorial on "COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward" by Rakesh Lodha & S K Kabra covered many important precautions to be observed both in overcrowded hospitals and private clinics in the context of present crisis [1] . We applaud the authors' valuable suggestions covering various aspects of handling the current pandemic. IAP's initiative for establishing smart clinics has been automatically adapted by several of us in the current situation and should be taken up in a big way even in the post COVID era. Since corona virus family is constantly evolving and devastating the normalcy of world, causing epidemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (CFR 14%-15%), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (CFR 34.4%.) and the current pandemic, pinning the responsibility is also the need of the hour [4] . COVID-19 pandemic: the way forward cache = ./cache/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340474-hbcu72cm author = Kaushik, Akanksha title = Urticaria in the times of COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 668 sentences = 62 flesch = 53 summary = 2 As per one review, 88/256 (34.3%) patients across 16 studies demonstrated skin manifestations, mostly as erythematous maculopapular rash, urticaria or vesicular rash. 4 While there was a report of one COVID-19 patient presenting with urticaria and dry cough without any fever, 5 the timing of appearance of urticaria was variable, with lesions appearing before, with, as well as >48 hours after onset of fever. [6] [7] [8] [9] Although skin manifestations did not correlate with disease severity in most case reports, 2,6 the prospective This article is protected by copyright. study from Spain suggested that presence of urticaria and maculopapular lesions were associated with more severe COVID 19 illness and a higher (2%) mortality. With an eye on the reported literature, we make a few suggestions regarding urticaria in This article is protected by copyright. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340298-0l4pec0z author = Terriau, A. title = Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 257 flesch = 55 summary = title: Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model Methods We use data on inpatients across French geographic areas and propose a novel methodology that exploits policy discontinuities at region borders to estimate the effect of COVID-19 tests on the case-fatality rate. Screening policies and mortality rate might be related to the fact that testing allows authorities to detect and isolate infected people and to prevent them from transmitting the virus; and also enables early treatment, thus increasing the chances of cure. We used a fixed-effects model to assess the impact of the number of tests performed over time at a local geographical level (department) on fatality-cases. Our strategy consisted in comparing all contiguous department pairs sharing a region border (See Figure 1 for an example) to identify the effect of testing on the case fatality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340354-j3xsp2po author = Noll, N. B. title = COVID-19 Scenarios: an interactive tool to explore the spread and associated morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4322 sentences = 252 flesch = 50 summary = Thus, to make such modeling widely available, we have developed an interactive, online tool that allows users to efficiently explore COVID-19 scenarios based upon different epidemiological assumptions and potential mitigation strategies. All source code and the aggregated surveillance data are made freely available through GitHub. We approximate the dynamics of a COVID-19 outbreak using a generalized SEIR model in which the population is partitioned into age-stratified compartments of: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), hospitalized (H), critical (C), ICU overflow (O), dead (D) and recovered (R) individuals (Kermack et al., 1927) . The parameters of the model fall into three broad categories: a time-dependent infection rate β a (t); the rate of transition out of the exposed, infectious, hospitalized, and critical/overflow compartments γ e , γ i , γ h , and γ c respectively; and the age-specific fractions m a , c a and f a of mild, critical, and fatal infections respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340285-mq9x12nw author = Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. title = From causes of aging to death from COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5963 sentences = 391 flesch = 43 summary = In contrast, as we will discuss in the next section, it is hyper-functional immune response that leads to death from COVID-19 in the elderly by causing cytokine storm. It is driven by nutrient/hormone/cytokinesensing and growth-promoting signaling pathways such as Target of Rapamycin (TOR; mTOR), which are involved in developmental growth and later cause hyperfunctional aging and its diseases [24, 26] . Nutrients and obesity activate growth-promoting pathways (e.g., mTOR), thus accelerating development of quasi-programmed (age-related) diseases. Continuous use of rapamycin is expected to improve health, decrease age-related diseases and extend healthy lifespan, rendering individuals less vulnerable, when infected with the virus. As we discussed in the section "Cytokine storm is a hyperfunction", cytokine storm and hyper-inflammation is a main cause of death in COVID-19 pneumonia [36-40, 42, 45, 135, 141-143] Rapamycin, an antiinflammatory agent, inhibits hyper-functions, cellular senescence and decrease secretion of cytokines ( [74, 81, 144] . cache = ./cache/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340284-xo7q4dqr author = Pappa, Sofia title = Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2967 sentences = 146 flesch = 44 summary = The aim of this rapid systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the emerging evidence of the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of HCW and particularly in relation to the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia. Following search terms were used: ("healthcare workers" OR "medical staff" OR "healthcare professionals") AND ("coronavirus" OR "SARS-COV-2" OR "COVID-19") AND ("depression" OR "anxiety" OR "insomnia" OR "mental health" OR "psychological"). The following data were extracted from each article by two reviews independently: study type, total number of participants, participation rate, region, percentage of physicians, nurses and other HCWs screened in the survey, number of male and female participants, assessment methods used and their cut-offs as well as the total number and percentage of participants that screened positive for depression, anxiety or insomnia. This timely rapid systematic review and meta-analyses of 13 cross-sectional studies and a total of 33062 participants provides early evidence that a high proportion of healthcare professionals experience significant levels of anxiety, depression and insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340436-qiyoamek author = Varshney, Anubodh S. title = Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2675 sentences = 147 flesch = 39 summary = title: Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis At present, a limited number of therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) via randomized controlled trial (RCT) data 2,3 . We therefore evaluated registered clinical trials of established CV therapies related to COVID-19 using the ClinicalTrials.gov database, which was established to improve monitoring and conduct of research studies 14 . ClinicalTrials.gov has the following notable findings: 1) a minority of interventional studies related to COVID-19 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov plan to evaluate CV therapies or CV specific outcomes; 2) most studies are planned to be single center, enroll less than 1000 inpatients, sponsored by European or North American academic institutions; and 3) are estimated to complete after December 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340305-jtvn9tlm author = Cimolai, Nevio title = A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5105 sentences = 294 flesch = 40 summary = At this time, the best correlates with protection from natural coronavirus infections are systemic neutralizing antibody and mucosal IgA. Others have found strong correlations between neutralizing antibodies and EIA-detected antibodies to various SARS-CoV-2 antigens [41, 42] .Some have found diversity in immune responses contingent on the nature of presenting disease [38, 43] . With the availability of viral antigen, most scientists in the know-how would be able to fashion a test for antibody determination in short order and most would likely choose an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (or nearly equivalent non-enzymebased assay) for its potential of automation and widespread use. Sensitive and specific detection of low-level antibody responses in mild Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infections A highly specific and sensitive serological assay detects SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients that correlate with neutralization SARS-CoV-2 assays to detect functional antibody responses that block ACE2 recognition in vaccinated animals and infected patients cache = ./cache/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340367-h608bj86 author = Yarali, Neşe title = Hematological parameters and peripheral blood morphologic abnormalities in children with COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 795 sentences = 63 flesch = 51 summary = To the Editor, Quantitative and qualitative changes in peripheral blood cells have been described in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mean hemoglobin value of SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and -negative groups was 13.1 ±1.7 g/dL (7.7-6.4) and 12.4 ± 1.9 g/dL (8.3-17.1), respectively (P > .05). Within the SARS-CoV-2 test-positive group, two patients In the whole cohort, thrombocytopenia was detected in four patients; one of them was the patient with aplastic anemia and COVID-19, the remaining three were in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group. In the peripheral smears of children with COVID-19, vacuolated monocytes (n = 3; 13.3%) and hypergranulation/lobulation abnormalities in neutrophils (n = 11; 36.7%) were noted. Although a significant difference was detected in leukocyte, platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, many patients' values were in normal limits; so the leukocyte count and differentials could not help to distinguish COVID-19 from other symptomatic patients. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a metaanalysis cache = ./cache/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340468-3s3dv88w author = Plumereau, Cécile title = Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke reperfusion therapy: data from the Lyon Stroke Center Network date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2157 sentences = 118 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: We conducted a prospective data collection of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) during the COVID-19 period (from 29/02/2020 to 10/05/2020) and a control period (from 29/02/2019 to 10/05/2019). Although some studies have reported an impact of the pandemic on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care in terms of admissions and reperfusion therapy volumes along with longer treatment times and a decrease in the use of stroke imaging compared with control periods in 2019, other reports have not detected significant effects on revascularization procedures [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . The objective of our study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT), as well as pre and intra-hospital delays ( Fig. 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340394-yzkl0chl author = Sarkis, Joseph title = Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2394 sentences = 150 flesch = 48 summary = title: Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks We offer a supply-chain perspective and a set of pragmatic actions to increase resilience to climate shocks. We should contemplate and consider the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to better prepare economies and societies for climate shocks. We end on a series of recommended responses-a call to action-to better prepare for and avoid the potentially irreversible consequences of climate shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic has showcased the diverse and extreme consequences of crisis shocks, causing waves of social, political, economic, environmental, and technological change. Although the current crisis has brought Commentary One Earth 3, July 24, 2020 11 ll lessons from which we can learn to better prepare our economies and societies for climate shocks, overcoming the ''arrogance of ignorance'' is a crucial first step. Here's how global supply chains will change after COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340398-bph0ro5v author = Yan, Xisheng title = Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1918 sentences = 113 flesch = 46 summary = title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study This retrospective study was designed to explore whether neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, NLR more than 11.75 was significantly correlated with all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio = 44.351; 95% confidence interval = 4.627‐425.088). The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response in critical care patients. In this study, we found there was an association between NLR and the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in older adults admitted to the emergency department Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340512-wjbh1z8y author = Dugas, M. title = COVID-19 in Children with Brain-Based Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid Review date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2859 sentences = 172 flesch = 49 summary = To assess whether children with brain-based developmental disabilities were more likely to develop COVID-19 and have complications or poorer outcomes following infection. We conducted a two-week rapid review on studies with primary data regarding children aged between zero and 18 years old with brain-based developmental disabilities, or who were at risk of developing such disabilities, with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Of the 50 COVID-19 pediatric patients reported in the included studies, a total of seven children were at risk of developing brain-based disabilities. We considered any study with primary data that included children aged between zero and 18 with a brain-based developmental disability or at risk of developing such disability with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (see Appendix 3 for full list). Our rapid review has identified knowledge gaps in the literature regarding the effects of COVID-19 in children with developmental brain-based disabilities, and those at risk of developing such disabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340535-78bpvtuf author = Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni title = Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels of Physicians and Associated Factors In Covid-19 Pandemics date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2429 sentences = 131 flesch = 50 summary = AIM: To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks. In an early study investigating immediate psychological response during Covid-19 epidemic among general population in China, 53.8% of participants rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe (1) . In another study investigating long term psychological effects of SARS outbreak on healthcare workers, 23% of staff were found to have moderate or severe depressive symptoms in a 3year follow-up (4) . Based on this perspective, here, we aimed to investigate anxiety, stress and depression levels of physicians during Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. cache = ./cache/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340536-azlajqbe author = Bartolo, Michelangelo title = Urgent Measures for the Containment of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic in the Neurorehabilitation/Rehabilitation Departments in the Phase of Maximum Expansion of the Epidemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2656 sentences = 140 flesch = 42 summary = COVID-19 determines the need for healthcare in a large number of people in an extremely short time and, like a tsunami wave, overruns emergency, infectious diseases, and pneumology departments as well as intensive care units, choking healthcare services. In Italy, in February 2020 the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic first in Lombardy, and then in the other regions, determined the need to implement containment measures for a phenomenon that in a few days has put a strain on the healthcare system, clogging many emergency, infectious diseases and pneumology departments, as well as intensive care units, with obvious dramatic relapses in the health system's ability to offer adequate assistance to patients with different pathologies (3) . The following indications are suggested in order to make the reorganization of rehabilitation activities homogeneous, whether they are carried out in hospitalization or outpatient settings or at home, with the main aim of limiting patient flows within the facilities and maintaining staff safety. cache = ./cache/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340433-h86cufyp author = Sahu, Bikash R title = C-reactive protein: a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1365 sentences = 80 flesch = 42 summary = Although increased C reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with death due to COVID-19 infections, results from different populations remain inconsistent. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant role of CRP in COVID-19 infection outcome (Standard difference in means= 1.371, P=0.000). Inclusion of a report in the current meta-analysis must have a) added analysis for death and survivors, b) plasma/serum CRP concentrations, c) data must be presented in mean± standard deviation (S.D) or median (interquartile range). Two authors BRS and AP extracted data such as authors' details, years of publication, population, number of COVID-19 infected subjects, death and survivors, CRP concentrations in mean± S.D. or median (interquartile range), significance value. Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340537-pdvpmydk author = Bañon-Gonzalez, Rafael title = Autopsies of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3682 sentences = 244 flesch = 54 summary = Abstract Forensic physicians should consider the possibility that people who have died from violent or unknown causes may be infected by the virus SARS-CoV-2, or that the diagnosis of the disease has legal implications, which requires adequate knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, protective measures, adequate sampling and the pathological characteristics. This article reviews the aspects of the pathophysiology of the disease that have an impact on the infectivity of the body's tissues and fluids, measures for preventing biological risk, taking samples and pathological findings, both macroscopic and microscopic, associated with death caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 13 Nevertheless, infection by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a high rate of mortality, and many carriers are known to exist who have no symptoms or only mild ones, so that it is possible that some of the corpses that will be subjected to a medical-legal autopsy are infected by this virus. cache = ./cache/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340511-syy9okhi author = Dettori, Marco title = Air pollutants and risk of death due to COVID-19 in Italy date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4036 sentences = 186 flesch = 48 summary = The link between air pollutants and COVID-19 mortality among Italian provinces was studied implementing a linear regression model, whereas the wide set of variables were examined by means of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation), relating the spatial component of COVID-19 related data with a mix of environmental variables as explanatory variables. In particular, it has aimed to study the role of air pollutants and a set of environmental variables, selected from recent observations [10, 17] , in relation to the number of deaths per each Italian province affected by COVID-19. The wide set of variables were examined by means of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation), relating the spatial component of COVID-19 related data (i.e., cases and deaths per province) with a mix of environmental variables as explanatory variables, such as annual average of PM 2,5 and PM 10 , NO 2 , numbers of trees per 100 inhabitants and urban green areas, number of vehicles and cycle paths, as reported in Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340415-6fte7krp author = Thevarajan, Irani title = Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4287 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = In the face of high health care demand during the peak of a pandemic, safe management of low risk patients in the community will likely be essential to preserve hospital capacity for the more severely ill. This position is endorsed by the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases interim guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19 in adults, 20 guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19, 19 which state that even where conditional recommendations for use of disease modifying agents are made, whenever possible these should be administered in the context of randomised trials with appropriate ethical approval. 37, 38 However, given the current lack of evidence of clinical benefit and reports of significant limitations of supply of hydroxychloroquine for patients with rheumatological conditions, in March 2020, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases called for immediate cessation of prescribing and dispensing of hydroxychloroquine for indications relating to COVID-19, outside use in approved clinical trials. Specific antiviral therapy in the clinical management of acute respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340573-6uz6uw7i author = Gleeson, Sarah title = Lesson for the clinical nephrologist: Kidney transplant, COVID-19 and pregnancy date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1501 sentences = 86 flesch = 48 summary = • This patient's pregnancy was complicated both by her kidney transplant and maintenance immunosuppression and then by COVID-19 infection requiring admission and supplemental oxygen. • Recent emerging infections have had important effects on pregnancy [1] ; both the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak and the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women compared to the general population, and more recently Zika virus was associated with congenital abnormalities. Studies of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 report high rates (62-86%) of immunosuppression reduction (both CNIs and antiproliferative agents) especially in hospitalised or severely ill patients [5, 6] . However, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' guidelines on managing pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that although women with kidney transplants should ideally shield, they will need regular face-to-face visits to monitor graft function, drug levels and maternal/fetal complications [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340553-vofar32b author = Atique, Suleman title = A nursing informatics response to COVID‐19: perspectives from five regions of the world date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3694 sentences = 172 flesch = 47 summary = Switzerland, a country with 8.6 million inhabitants living across 26 cantons and 4 languages regions (French, German, Italian and Rhaeto-Romance), is responding to the COVID-19 pandemic by closing non-vital services and implementing WHO recommendations such as rapid testing, case isolation or self-isolation and social distancing (Federal Office of Public Health, 2020; Salathé et al., 2020) . Nursing informaticians in Finland have assisted these efforts by developing COVID-19 related data interfaces for electronic health records, providing digital education on caring for those infected with the virus and improving mobile documentation to speed up access to real-time patient information. These include online educational resources related to the clinical presentation, detection and care (e.g. e-learning module on the use of personal protective equipment) of people diagnosed or suspected to have the infectious disease (Canadian Institute of Health Information, 2020; Canadian Nurses Association, 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340616-5vtgd46s author = ÇETİN, Ceren title = Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3973 sentences = 193 flesch = 42 summary = National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author = Grant, Michael C. title = The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 199 flesch = 48 summary = title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries Furthermore, with few included studies (30 in the largest and most recent [12] ), the range of symptoms were limited and the estimates of prevalence are likely to be upwardly biased because only unwell patients (largely those admitted to hospital) were tested in the early phase of the outbreak. We excluded case reports, articles which failed to disaggregate symptoms in adult and paediatric cohorts, studies of patients with prior respiratory infections (e.g. tuberculosis) or co-infections with other viruses (e.g. similar viruses SARS-CoV-1 or HCoV-EMC/2012, etc) and articles which we are unable to translate to English in a timely fashion. Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340650-mwsa326c author = Elangovan, E. J. title = Rationale and prognosis of repurposed drugs with risk stratification of patients in oxygen support in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6398 sentences = 349 flesch = 51 summary = Inclusion criteria for the study were: i) randomized (RCT) or non-randomized clinical trials (nRCT), prospective or retrospective observational studies (cohort study and case series) ii) research articles, preprints and preliminary reports with comparators (Treatment Vs. Control) or combination of treatment modalities or studies without control group iii) study population could be any age, sex and any region in the world, diagnosed with COVID-19 with either laboratory test-confirmed or Chest computer tomography (CT) iv) any one of these outcomes reported: mortality rate, recovery rate, viral clearance period, clinical improvement of patients in oxygen therapy or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) after drug treatment. The following features were extracted: author, study type, date of publication, study period, study place, drug name, cohort size, gender, age, severity condition (mild, moderate, severe and critical); treatment combination, time from symptom onset to the treatment, dosage details, exclusion criteria of drug; precondition of patients (PaO2:FiO2, SpO2 levels, respiratory rate), comorbidity, patients requiring respiratory support such as low flow oxygen support, high flow or Non-Invasive mechanical Ventilation (NIV), IMV or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (during admission and follow-up); clinical improvement length, viral clearance period; mortality rate; recovery rate and adverse effects. cache = ./cache/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340687-99ad1rwq author = Abourida, Yassamine title = Management of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2527 sentences = 143 flesch = 46 summary = The scarcity of data concerning pregnant patients gravely infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes their management difficult, as most of the reported cases in the literature present mild pneumonia symptoms. Herein, we outline a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a pregnant woman abruptly rupturing her membranes and undergoing cesarean delivery. Herein, we report the case of a healthy parturient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in her third trimester, whose condition deteriorated leading to premature rupture of membranes, a premature birth via a caesarian delivery, and neonatal death. It is noteworthy that recent reports highlighted elevated SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (IgM and IgG) and abnormal cytokine test results 2 hours after birth in a neonate born to a mother with COVID-19 via a caesarian delivery, whereas RT-PCR tests on nasopharyngeal swabs taken were negative [20] . Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn cache = ./cache/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340826-2530zdeq author = Hwang, Jong-moon title = Neurological diseases as mortality predictive factors for patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2930 sentences = 160 flesch = 51 summary = INTRODUCTION: In the current study, we evaluated factors that increase the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient death rate by analyzing the data from two cohort hospitals. RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic analysis, age and the presence of chronic lung disease and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) were the only significant parameters for predicting COVID-19 non-survival (p < 0.05). However, hypertension, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and history of taking angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were not significantly associated with the death of COVID-19 patients. Based on previous studies of COVID-19 risk factors and the classification system announced by the KCDC, the presence of chronic medical underlying diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic lung, or cardiovascular disease, carcinoma, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were investigated ( Fig. 1 ). We found that the presence of chronic lung disease and AD were predictive factors for death from COVID-19, especially mortality risk increases beginning at the age of 70 years. cache = ./cache/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340538-vjw7d5ju author = Brown, Joshua D. title = Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2091 sentences = 147 flesch = 51 summary = title: Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic This community-based survey assessed self-reported changes in medications including those stopped, started, or if access had been impacted. Questions related to medication changes included: "Have you started any medication due to COVID-19", "Have you stopped any medication due to COVID-19" and "Have you had issues getting your prescription medications." Respondents aged 50 years or older were included. Conclusions: In this community-based survey sample of over one thousand older adults, only a 24 small percentage (2.7%; n=31) reported any changes to medications during the pandemic. Conclusions: In this community-based survey sample of over one thousand older adults, only a 24 small percentage (2.7%; n=31) reported any changes to medications during the pandemic. There has been growing concern among the medical community 46 related to changes in patient medication taking behaviors including inherent risks of stopping or 47 starting medications. cache = ./cache/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340583-kjrxrk50 author = Castro‐Rodriguez, Jose A. title = Asthma and COVID‐19 in children – a systematic review and call for data date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3081 sentences = 172 flesch = 45 summary = Importantly, none of the largest epidemiological studies including children with COVID-19 reported clinical findings or underlying characteristics to help assess whether asthma -or other chronic lung diseases-constitutes a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity. Rather than a risk factor, a recent review of data in adults reported that both asthma and COPD appear to be under-represented in the comorbidities reported for patients with COVID-19, compared with global estimates of prevalence for these conditions in the general population (63) . After an extensive review of the current literature, only two reports included information on asthma as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection -but not severity or mortality-in children. However, the largest studies to date have been limited to a description of the number of cases by age group, and so it remains unclear whether childhood asthma -or other pediatric respiratory diseases-are associated with COVID-19 risk or severity. cache = ./cache/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340646-dj1gqzzt author = Molina, Gabriel A. title = COVID-19 in Ecuador, how the pandemic strained the surgical healthcare systems over the edge date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1605 sentences = 102 flesch = 58 summary = (4) Health care systems like our own and all over the world were not prepared for this disease, as we witnessed the human toll COVID-19 took in New York City, Madrid, and northern Italy. Four months after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador, we surgeons continue to work with resilience, adapting to the changes in our new role and enduring under these adverse circumstances. (7, 8) A worrisome side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is the delay in surgical treatment for seriously ill patients. Nonetheless, the complete ramifications of this disease are yet to be seen, as surgical patients require close follow up to avoid complications and to provide necessary treatment when they arise. Please enter the name of the registry and the unique identifying number (UIN) of your study.The authors declare that the patient gave his consent to publish this case, and as this is a case report not human participants were involved in a study. cache = ./cache/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340738-2pufvc67 author = AbdAllah, Mohamed title = Herd-immunity against COVID-19: Is it enough to stop a second wave? date = 2020-11-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 683 sentences = 60 flesch = 62 summary = Keywords: COVID-19; Second wave; Past-infection; immunity; Herd-immunity • This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. • The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest' Herd-immunity is a defensive strategy against COVID-19. Many reports doubt the efficacy and durability of the "post-infection" immunity, therefore, countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the further-coming wave of COVID-19. Many reports doubt the efficacy and durability of the "post-infection" immunity, therefore, countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the further-coming wave of COVID-19. The neutralizing antibodies (Nab) that are produced by B cells after infection were successful in preventing reinfection in animal models and that was the concept of using convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 [5] . Using herd-immunity as a defense strategy against COVID-19 has been adopted by many countries. Countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the second wave of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340799-1awmtj52 author = Krajewska, Joanna title = Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7941 sentences = 395 flesch = 42 summary = Laryngectomy patients and individuals after tracheotomy with COVID-19 carry a particularly high risk of infecting ENT specialists and other members of medical staff as the way of breathing is these individuals is modified and enables the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 containing aerosolized tracheal secretions [11] . In accordance with such high risk of infection, only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed by ENT specialists in times of COVID-19 pandemic in areas with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases [23, 28] . American Head and Neck Society, AAO-HNS, and the American Colleges of Surgeons, recommended that preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 presence should be performed in all individuals undergoing high-risk procedures [22, 30] . Patients with acute airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy should be considered as COVID-19 positive, as there is no time for SARS-CoV-2 testing in case of such urgent surgery [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340564-3fu914lk author = Cohen, Joseph Paul title = Predicting COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity on Chest X-ray With Deep Learning date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3257 sentences = 181 flesch = 55 summary = In this study, we present a severity score prediction model for COVID-19 pneumonia for frontal chest X-ray images. A neural network model that was pre-trained on large (non-COVID-19) chest X-ray datasets is used to construct features for COVID-19 images which are predictive for our task. Results This study finds that training a regression model on a subset of the outputs from this pre-trained chest X-ray model predicts our geographic extent score (range 0-8) with 1.14 mean absolute error (MAE) and our lung opacity score (range 0-6) with 0.78 MAE. In this work, we built and studied a model which predicts the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, based on CXRs, to be used as an assistive tool when managing patient care. This "pre-training" step was performed on a large set of data in order to construct general representations about lungs and other aspects of CXRs that we would have been unable to achieve on the small set of COVID-19 images available. cache = ./cache/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340713-v5sdowb7 author = Bird, Jordan J. title = Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data: A machine learning approach date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5669 sentences = 260 flesch = 53 summary = The three four-class classification problems are then explored and benchmarked through leave-one-country-out cross validation to find the strongest model, producing a Stack of Gradient Boosting and Decision Tree algorithms for risk of transmission, a Stack of Support Vector Machine and Extra Trees for risk of mortality, and a Gradient Boosting algorithm for the risk of inability to test. The classification problem of risk is therefore formulated based on prior knowledge of the pandemic in terms of class only, but the attributes to attempt to classify them are purely country-level information regardless of number of cases, deaths and other coronavirus specific data. Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data Fig 10 shows a comparison of other models that were explored. Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data Table 1 shows the predicted class values for the best models applied to each of the respective risk classification problems. cache = ./cache/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340710-dmow5p7k author = Lagana, Stephen M. title = Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4539 sentences = 275 flesch = 48 summary = title: Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data Here we report the clinical and histologic findings related to the liver in 40 patients who died of complications of COVID-19. In conclusion, we found patients dying of COVID-19 had biochemical evidence of hepatitis (of variable severity) and demonstrated histologic findings of macrovesicular steatosis and mild acute hepatitis (lobular necroinflammation) and mild portal inflammation. A more recent study performed core needle biopsies on the livers of four patients and reported nonspecific findings, attributed to preexisting disease or perimortem injury [4] . Histologically, the most frequently encountered findings were macrovesicular steatosis, mild acute hepatitis, and minimal-to-mild portal inflammation. Nonetheless, based on the pattern of injury observed and the results of the PCR analysis, SARS-CoV-2 seems to involve the liver, and is associated with, possibly causal of, macrovesicular steatosis and acute hepatitis. cache = ./cache/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340728-8jvg3sir author = Lindsay, Karen J. title = Invited editorial from the social media editor of JPRAS; Leadership in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2315 sentences = 132 flesch = 53 summary = Rapidly adopting and up scaling available IT solutions as well as reflexive changes in data protection standards allowed healthcare systems to do what was right in service of patients and staff within very short timeframes. Advanced problem solving and project management skills gained during academic research experience, leadership development, and other facets of personal and professional development beyond solely clinical work translate well to other spheres, and may act to equip the profession for crisis management. Lobbying and ensuring that the priorities set for recovery of services include those clinical problems unique to the plastic surgery patient population will be a key aspect in navigating our path out of the pandemic. 19 Recent focus on personal health and wellbeing, developing co-created, patient-centred care models, and delivering effective training and continued professional development via remote platforms has demonstrated the value of flexible and collaborative leadership at all levels. cache = ./cache/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340848-gdi4c92i author = Moon, M. Jae title = Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4210 sentences = 188 flesch = 44 summary = With the unexpected spike in COVID-19 cases in Daegu and Kyungbook Province, the South Korean government raised its alert to the highest level and took a series of actions ranging from full-scale epidemiological investigation of infected patients to medical and economic policy packages. Thanks to agile, adaptive, and transparent actions by the South Korean government, along with citizens' active participation in Figure 1 Comparison of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS social distancing, the rate of infection began to drop dramatically. As some European countries failed in initial mitigation, they gradually shifted from a soft and reactive approach to a hard and more aggressive approach by increasing their testing capacity, forcing quarantines, and ordering partial lockdowns while they put more emphasis on citizens' cooperation in NPIs. Although there is no perfect policy, the South Korean government's agile, adaptive, and transparent approaches demonstrate how the wicked pandemic problem could be mitigated with citizens' voluntary engagement in the fight against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340578-5vyv9swb author = Pedraja, J. title = Role of 3D printing in the protection of surgical and critical care professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3361 sentences = 167 flesch = 43 summary = Results The following supplies are produced: 1) devices that help protect providers: face protection screens (2400 units), personalized accessories for photophores (20 units) and ear-protection forks for face-masks (1200 units); 2) products related to the ventilation of infected patients: connectors for non-invasive ventilation systems; and 3) oral and nasopharyngeal swabs (7500 units) for the identification of coronavirus carriers with the aim of designing action protocols in clinical areas. 7 However, we were unable to find studies describing the entire process of selection and production of the protective equipment needed by anaesthesiologists and other surgical and critical care staff, particularly in terms of transforming the ideas generated into solutions that can be used directly in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience with 3D printing in a tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on public-private coordination and the design, evaluation and development of end prod-ucts for surgical and critical care units using biocompatible polymers. cache = ./cache/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340725-xy74wd6j author = Sora, Federica title = SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 998 sentences = 55 flesch = 38 summary = title: SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION We describe a case of life‐threatening COVID-19 infection complicated by severe anemia in patients affected also by chronic myelogenous leukemia. We describe a case of life-threatening COVID-19 infection complicated by severe anemia in patients affected also by chronic myelogenous leukemia . This inflammatory process called "cytokine storm" is a life-threatening complication of COVID 19 infection. This inflammatory process called "cytokine storm" is a life-threatening complication of COVID 19 infection. In this case severe immunohematological consequences during SARS-COV-2 are reported and recognition of this complications are probably underestimated, as a matter of fact in May 2020, 9 cases of AIHA and SARS-COV2 infection were published (3) (4) (5) and only 3 of them showed cold antibodies mainly in the context of a lymphoproliferative disorder (6). cache = ./cache/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340855-y5o8dvf4 author = Meng, Zibo title = Predicted value of coagulation function for prognosis and admission time to negative RT‐PCR detection in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 839 sentences = 42 flesch = 48 summary = Blood samples were collected within 24 h after admission to perform coagulation testing, The baseline clinical characteristics of non-critical patients with COVID-19 were shown in Table 1 , and the coagulation results showed that the level of D-dimer (1.42 ± 2.27) and fibrinogen (FIB, 4.36 ± 1.27) were higher in COVID-19 patients compared with regular people, which indicated that the COVID-19 patients were suffered from coagulation dysfunction. Studies had shown that the disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients were significantly affected by multiple confounding factors, especially by age and coagulation function. In this study, the COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups and univariate analyze were conducted according to the median cutoff value of ATN = 26, and the result demonstrated that the coagulation function, especially D-dimer, together with diagnosed age and disease severity were associated with ATN ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340663-zylk61ll author = Singh, Devendra Raj title = The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 88 flesch = 49 summary = There is a growing concern that the long-term extension of lockdown strategy can severely affect the health and nutrition security of the poor and vulnerable population in Nepal. The current lockdown has already exacerbated the health risks and health care resources, and are likely to continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine how COVID-19 lockdown impacts public health systems and nutritional outcomes in Nepal. As health systems continue to combat COVID-19, Nepal is at high risk of facing detrimental effects on (public) health care, further constraining the health resources of the country. Historically, Nepal has been facing food and nutrition security challenges with the highest prevalence of double and triple burden of malnutrition [13] . Equally important, health systems should ensure critical care interventions to screen, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 patients across the country. cache = ./cache/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340752-367jr3so author = Mitchell, Rob title = Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 361 sentences = 43 flesch = 68 summary = title: Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources Dear Editor, The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will stretch hospital resources all over the world. 1 In order to support colleagues in resource-limited settings, the Australasian College from Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has developed a free guide for emergency care (EC) clinicians in LMICs preparing for a surge of patients with COVID-19. The guide provides consensus-based advice on optimising resource utilisation during the pandemic and draws heavily on technical guidance from the WHO. ACEM's guide is an attempt to express solidarity with colleagues in resource-limited settings and will hopefully stimulate further collaboration among the global EC community. Managing COVID-19 across the Indo-Pacific: A Guide for Resource Limited EDs Country & technical Guidance -Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340796-0l9v9f1e author = García-Manzanedo, Sofía title = SÍNDROME DE GUILLAIN-BARRÉ TRAS INFECCIÓN POR COVID-19 date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 924 sentences = 84 flesch = 49 summary = RESUMEN La infección por COVID-19 declarada pandemia en el 2020 y cuya gravedad está relacionada con el desarrollo de distrés pulmonar, también presenta afectación a otros niveles incluyendo cuadros neurológicos que hasta el momento han pasado más desapercibidos. Nosotros presentamos un caso de un varón de 77 años con la variante de debilidad faringo-cervico-braquial del Síndrome de Guillain Barré tras un ingreso por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19. La infección por COVID-19 declarada pandemia en el 2020 y cuya gravedad está relacionada con el desarrollo de distrés pulmonar, también presenta afectación a otros niveles incluyendo cuadros neurológicos que hasta el momento han pasado más desapercibidos. Nosotros presentamos un caso de un varón de 77 años con la variante de debilidad faringo-cervicobraquial del Síndrome de Guillain Barré tras un ingreso por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19. A continuación, presentamos un caso de Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) tras infección por COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340938-mk01k235 author = Xu, Kandi title = Application of ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of illness severity of COVID-19 in China date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4143 sentences = 227 flesch = 48 summary = A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients from four hospitals in three provinces in China was established, and 598 patients were included from 1 January to 8 March 2020, and divided into moderate, severe and critical illness group. To our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted to investigate the risk factors of severity of COVID-19 based on ordinal response, namely moderate, severe and critical illness. Here, we conducted a retrospective study based on COVID-19 patients from four designated hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei and Anhui provinces to describe the clinical features of COVID-19, and aimed to identify the predictors of multi-level response of severity from moderate, severe to critical illness. In this study, we identified older age, presence of hypertension, elevated ALT, cTnI and myohaemoglobin, prolonged interval between illness onset and diagnosis and admission as the independent determinants to predict the risk of developing more severe illness among COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340921-tg62xw8v author = Jee, Youngmee title = WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1902 sentences = 85 flesch = 46 summary = With the commencement of largescale community transmission in European and Middle Eastern countries, the WHO Director-General Ghebreyesus declared COVID-19 a pandemic, based on the speed and scale of spread of the assessment of significant risk of international spread, and impact of the infectious disease on travel or trade. Although the COVID-19 pandemic declaration will not significantly change the responses of the State Parties, it has reaffirmed that the countries vulnerable to this novel infectious disease shall prepare for outbreaks more thoroughly, and WHO shall actively support and collaborate with them to accomplish the same. As mentioned above, PHEIC declaration provides a rationale for WHO to actively cooperate with vulnerable countries with poor public health infrastructure and assist them in preparing for outbreaks of novel infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and to provide technical guidance and assistance as well as mobilizing international experts for on-site assistance, if necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340984-blkhfhe2 author = Gklinos, Panagiotis title = Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2665 sentences = 139 flesch = 45 summary = Prompt diagnosis and immediate management of the neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus will not only improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but will also prevent the dissemination of the disease due to misdiagnosed cases. COVID-19 is confirmed to be caused by a novel coronavirus (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) and presents with symptoms similar to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003. However, neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus are not precepted by all clinicians, thus, leading to inappropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with non-specific neurological symptoms initially. This article aims to review the cases, which reported neurological symptoms at presentation or during the course of the disease and discuss the potential mechanisms of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement in COVID-19. The other study is a retrospective case series in Wuhan, China, which reported the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 patients [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340930-5cavkdde author = Cheung, Victor Kai-Lam title = Investigating effects of healthcare simulation on personal strengths and organizational impacts for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2619 sentences = 132 flesch = 41 summary = INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating impacts of healthcare simulation training, either in-situ or lab-based, on personal strengths of healthcare workers (HCWs) and organizational outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Post-training questionnaires made up of 5-point Likert scales were distributed to all participants to evaluate their personal strengths, in terms of i) assertiveness, ii) mental preparedness, iii) self-efficacy, iv) internal locus of control, and v) internal locus of responsibility. To comply with infection control guidelines of Hospital Authority, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in high-risk areas for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 was required to attend this training. In summary, this cross-sectional study showed that COVID-19 specific healthcare simulation training programs, both in-situ and lab-based, enhanced personal strengths of HCWs, in terms of assertiveness, mental preparedness, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility, to a large extent. cache = ./cache/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author = Perkins, Alex title = Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6951 sentences = 407 flesch = 55 summary = To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. Strategies for successfully controlling COVID-19 until then will depend on a suite of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) [3] , including some degree of social distancing but also diagnostic testing, contact tracing, and case isolation [5] . Because they are similar to the components of the objective functional but more easily interpretable, we describe effects of model parameters on t1 t0 D(t)dt (cumulative deaths) and t1 t0 u(t)dt (cumulative time under control). cache = ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340880-2qop8tcp author = Hyman, Jaime B. title = Timing of Intubation and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3669 sentences = 176 flesch = 40 summary = DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who were admitted between January 30, 2020, and April 30, 2020, and underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation prior to May 1, 2020. Key Words: coronavirus disease 2019 infection; coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; in-hospital mortality; intubation; mechanical ventilation; respiratory failure C oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To address this critical knowledge gap, we aimed to determine whether there was an association between timing of intubation relative to hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 who underwent mechanical ventilation at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Despite these limitations, our analysis indicated that increasing time from admission to intubation was associated with higher mortality in a cohort of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 early in the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340889-ff35696d author = Ko, Nai-Ying title = Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5562 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = The associations of change in sex life with risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were also examined. Given that the COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease resulting in global impacts on human lives worldwide, additional studies are required on whether risk perception of COVID-19 and general anxiety are significantly associated with changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we examined the associations of gender, age, sexual orientation, risk perception of COVID-19, and general anxiety with changes in sex life. The present study found that risk perception, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation related to various aspects of changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were associated with greater change in various aspects of an individual's sex life. cache = ./cache/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340805-qbvgnr4r author = Ioannidis, John P.A. title = Forecasting for COVID-19 has failed date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6084 sentences = 313 flesch = 56 summary = Poor data input, wrong modeling assumptions, high sensitivity of estimates, lack of incorporation of epidemiological features, poor past evidence on effects of available interventions, lack of transparency, errors, lack of determinacy, looking at only one or a few dimensions of the problem at hand, lack of expertise in crucial disciplines, groupthink and bandwagon effects and selective reporting are some of the causes of these failures. When major decisions (e.g. draconian lockdowns) are based on forecasts, the harms (in terms of health, economy, and society at large) and the asymmetry of risks need to be approached in a holistic fashion, considering the totality of the evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341060-otvoo99j author = Alharthy, Abdulrahman title = Thrombolysis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 913 sentences = 72 flesch = 48 summary = Keywords: COVID-19, massive pulmonary embolism, thrombolysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, point-of-care ultrasound. Recently, a preliminary analysis of a large US cohort of critically ill patients with severe novel SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has suggested the benefit of systemic anticoagulation on their J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f anticoagulation in patients with severe COVID-19, and Padua prediction score ≥4 or D-dimer>3.0 μg/mL has been previously suggested due to the increased occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) [3, 4] . Point-of-care-cardiac ultrasound modified four-chamber view (day-2) revealing a large thrombus in a dysfunctional right heart "en-route" to the pulmonary circulation in our critically ill COVID-19 patient. Point-of-care-cardiac ultrasound modified four-chamber view (day-5) depicting no thrombi in the right heart, and normalization of right ventricular function in our critically ill COVID-19 patient. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy cache = ./cache/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340884-9blq86zo author = Prakash, Elapulli Sankaranarayanan title = Am I a “COVID-19 Patient” or “a Patient With COVID-19”? date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 628 sentences = 34 flesch = 52 summary = Until recently, I believed that my not relishing phrases like "COVID-19 patient," "diabetes patient," and "hypertension patient" had something to do with my cultural background, and my being a non-native speaker of the English language. I don't relish noun strings because, as in the 3 examples above, some patients might perceive them as dehumanizing. To give an example, a commonly used noun string "hypertension medication" may reasonably be interpreted as either medication to control hypertension or as medication that causes hypertension, by someone who is unfamiliar with the term hypertension, whereas health care professionals are unlikely to be misled by it. In conclusion, in communication targeted at the public atlarge or patients, I recommend avoiding noun strings, especially when using technical terms, to minimize ambiguity. Additionally, it is helpful for health care professionals to be mindful of noun strings that might come across as insensitive to individual patients. cache = ./cache/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340937-6mpob1nx author = Varshney, Mohit title = Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3662 sentences = 217 flesch = 51 summary = The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Event–revised (IES-R) scale. The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Eventrevised (IES-R) scale. The current study investigated the initial psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Indian population. Despite the limitations, this study provides the first cross-sectional data on actual level of psychological impact among Indian community; and how mental health of people is affected during a pandemic of this nature. Our survey is one of the first mental health related data from India, during the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic and indicated that a significant proportion of them have had a psychological impact during the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341132-arhpqgl6 author = Gangemi, Sebastiano title = Rich at risk: socio-economic drivers of COVID-19 pandemic spread date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1649 sentences = 72 flesch = 41 summary = While proper treatments are being developed, in-depth studies concerning its way of diffusion are necessary, in order to understand how the virus is actually spreading, through the investigation on some socio-economic indicators for the various countries in the world, retrieved through open-access data publicly available. As such, in order to fill in this gap, therefore to understand which of these discriminants could represent stronger drivers for the COVID-19 pandemic spread, we retrieved basic data on the open access website Wikipedia concerning socio-economic indicators of any country in the world, including their Population, Density, mean age, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Nominal GDP (both Per Capita), the Gini Coefficient of wealth distribution (an index of overall income inequality, ranging from 0, where everyone has the same income, to 1, where inequality is maximal), the Human Development Index (HDI, a composite index of cache = ./cache/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340887-k88hchau author = Khusid, Johnathan A. title = Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3041 sentences = 160 flesch = 42 summary = To address this gap, in the current study we aim to assess the well-being, clinical practice, and education of urology residents throughout the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic through the use of an anonymous survey. Potential risk factors included: resident age, gender identity, level of training, practice setting (urban/suburban/rural), AUA geographical section, perception of local COVID-19 severity (Likert), marital status, children, perceived household susceptibility to disease (Likert), history of COVID-19 symptoms, months of intensive care unit training, redeployment status, perceptions of availability of PPE (Likert) and COVID-19 testing, cancellation of elective cases, number of weekly operations before the pandemic, perceived program and hospital support (Likert), perception of shared responsibility with attendings (Likert), and perceived difficulty meeting case minimums (Likert). Perception of support from hospital administration (β=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.40, -0.05) and shared responsibility between residents and attendings (β=-0.22, 95% CI=-0.39, -0.07) were associated with lower declination of redeployment whereas concern regarding ability to reach graduation case requirements was associated with higher declination of redeployment (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.00, 0.32). cache = ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340942-oatf59k0 author = Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3949 sentences = 225 flesch = 59 summary = METHODS: In this retrospective study, we describe the demographics, epidemiology and clinical features of the first 557 consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 living in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil. Here, we describe for the first time the clinical, epidemiological and demographic features of the first 557 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil, who were diagnosed between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Patient epidemiological information, demographic and clinical characteristics, including medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, underlying co-morbidities, and date of disease onset were obtained from electronic medical records of the Pernambuco Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) and analyzed. Regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases in the different household income ranges (Fig. 1B) , we found that SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in neighborhoods with greater purchasing power. Here, we described for the first time the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Pernambuco between 12 March and April 22, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341126-i8wr8h4x author = Hyung, Jaewon title = The Asian Approach to the Management of GI Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1349 sentences = 69 flesch = 49 summary = Hence, infection control by reducing unnecessary hospital visits is absolutely crucial for the optimal management of cancer patients in China where the nosocomial spread of COVID-19 has been noted. Continuation of cancer management without major compromises in South Korea is largely due to the well-established infection control protocols in each hospital, which stemmed from their experience with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2015. According to the guidelines published by the Korean Cancer Association and National Cancer Center, changes and delays in the management of cancer patients (including clinical trials) are not necessary in the absence of direct suspicion or confirmation of COVID-19 6 . Patients with COVID-19 associated symptoms or epidemiologic links to confirmed COVID-19 cases are categorized as high-risk patients-for these patients, clinic visits are delayed for 14 days or COVID-19 screening tests are carried out according to the specific groups as defined in the protocols of each center. cache = ./cache/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340992-88t1c0zs author = Nikolai, Lea A title = Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3092 sentences = 193 flesch = 44 summary = Asymptomatic individuals carrying SARS-CoV-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. The first study cluster comprised of five family members from Anyang, China, who developed COVID-19 symptoms and tested positive by RT-PCR after acquiring the infection from the index case, an asymptomatic visitor from Wuhan who later tested positive 20 . Similar to the Diamond Princess, another study of an Argentinian expedition cruise ship found that 59% of the 217 passengers tested positive for COVID-19; 81% of those infected were asymptomatic virus carriers 24 . When assessing public health risks raised by asymptomatic COVID-19 cases it is important to determine whether the infectivity varies between asymptomatic, presymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Since this also indicates a higher incidence of asymptomatic infections in younger people, it needs to be examined whether this group, especially children, could silently, yet efficiently, contribute to the spread of COVID-19. Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341175-rks0l0q0 author = Essa, Musthafa Mohamed title = Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 817 sentences = 57 flesch = 41 summary = 4 Until the development of vaccines and better therapeutics, there is an urgent need for strategies to control respiratory infection and to boost immune functions for patients suffering from COVID-19. Dietary fatty acids affecting the pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested to affect the metabolic fate of Trp. Tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin have the capacity to improve the immune system and reduce inflammation in various conditions. [7] [8] [9] Here, we discuss the potential of using tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin to boost the immune system in fighting COVID-19 infection (see Figure 1) . Increasing evidence from several studies show that tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin can reduce inflammatory reactions and enhance the immune system. [7] [8] [9] There may also be a possibility that serotonin levels are altered in COVID-19 patients because of mental stress, which suggest a role for Trp in treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341300-fkdydf4u author = Avendano-Sola, C. title = Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3839 sentences = 212 flesch = 53 summary = Background: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CP) is a potential treatment for COVID-19 for which evidence from controlled clinical trials is lacking. 6 A second trial was also prematurely stopped after a first interim analysis showed that most patients already had high neutralizing antibody titers at the time of inclusion and that no statistical differences in outcomes were seen between treatment groups. 10, 11 Tens of thousands of COVID-19 patients have been treated with CP based on the premise that RCT "take significant time to produce results and will not be available for participation to all hospitals", 10 despite the lack of evidence for efficacy, and the fact that such uncontrolled models lead to questionable estimates of treatment effects. Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341156-dw15n4f4 author = Nash, Meredith title = Caring during COVID‐19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7051 sentences = 363 flesch = 45 summary = Findings suggest that during the pandemic, the Australian higher education sector positions decisions about caring leave and participation in the paid labour force as 'private' matters in which employees (mainly women) design their own 'solutions' when compared with international institutional counterparts. The lack of adequate social policy supports like free universal childcare combined with short school days means that Australian women are constantly juggling paid work and caring responsibilities. We argue that COVID-19 provides an another context in which universities have evaded their responsibility to ensure women's full participation in the labour force via the introduction of 'family-friendly' flexible working policies which put the onus on families to make choices about how to do paid work and care for children. 90% of the top 10 international universities (n = 9) according to the 2020 Times Higher Education World rankings had public information about remote working arrangements for This article is protected by copyright. cache = ./cache/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341256-2j0tqmd4 author = An, Ying title = Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2367 sentences = 136 flesch = 52 summary = title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its correlates and the association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Emergency Department (ED) nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Consistent with previous findings (Lai et al., 2020) , frontline nurses who engaged in clinical care of COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of depression in the current study. Considering the detrimental impact of depression on quality of life and quality of care (Ng et al., 2013) , health authorities should organize regular screening targeting depression, and develop preventive measures to alleviate the risk of depression by providing a timely provision of financial support, online psychological counselling service, and on-site psychological guidance as well as offering psychiatric treatment for vulnerable nurses directly engaged in the treatment and care of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341288-x0wuj26f author = Moreira, Bruno Lima title = COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: what should be considered to indicate a computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan? date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1724 sentences = 101 flesch = 46 summary = Here, we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute pulmonary embolism. Clinical and laboratory data and findings of non-enhanced CT indicate possibility of acute pulmonary embolism, and support the decision to proceed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography that can objectively identify filling defects in pulmonary arterial branches. This case report described a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 who developed acute PE several days after the onset of viral pneumonia. In conclusion, we should be aware of the association between COVID-19 and acute PE, and consider the clinical and laboratory findings as well as non-enhanced chest CT features (if performed) in the decision to perform a CTPA scan for patients infected with the novel coronavirus. COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341197-e8m4oxma author = Soleimani, Abbas title = Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on in-hospital outcomes of patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3647 sentences = 227 flesch = 50 summary = After adjustment for possible confounders, we found no independent association between taking ARBs and in-hospital outcomes except for acute kidney injury (AKI), in patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19, either hypertensive or not-hypertensive. CONCLUSIONS: We found that taking ARBs by patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 is not associated with poorer in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for possible confounders. After these adjustments, we found no independent association between taking ARBs and in-hospital outcomes except for the higher incidence of AKI, in patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19, either hypertensive or nothypertensive (Table 4 ). In this study, we found that taking ARBs in hypertensive patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 was not associated with mortality, severity, or any other in-hospital complication except for AKI. In this single-center observational study, we found that taking ARBs by patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 is not associated with poorer in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for possible confounders. cache = ./cache/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341105-3uvbfp8c author = Li, Dian-Jeng title = COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4408 sentences = 216 flesch = 46 summary = Their self-reported experience of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts in the previous week were collected along with a number of COVID-19-related factors, including level of worry, change in social interaction and daily lives, any academic/occupational interference, levels of social and specific support, and self-reported physical health. The results demonstrated that current sleep disturbance was significantly associated with several factors, including younger age (cOR = 0.99; p = 0.002), more severe worry about COVID-19 (cOR = 1.07; p < 0.001), more severe impact of COVID-19 on social interaction (cOR = 1.14; p = 0.001), lower perceived social support (cOR = 0.87; p < 0.001), lower self-reported physical health (cOR = 0.76; p < 0.001), higher academic/occupational interference (cOR = 1.20; p < 0.001), lower COVID-19-specified support (cOR = 0.85; p < 0.001), and more household disinfection (cOR = 1.23; p = 0.03). cache = ./cache/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341085-2stfkwp3 author = Haseli, Sara title = Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3202 sentences = 184 flesch = 50 summary = This study aimed to evaluate the lobar and segmental distribution of COVID-19 pneumonia based on patients' chest CT scan. In this study, we aim to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia segmental involvement, by presenting chest CT-scan findings of 63 patients. Also, we have designed a novel scoring scale to report the extension and severity of ground-glass opacification (GGO) in our patients and assess its association with age, sex, and presenting symptoms. Imaging features including type of opacity, GGO severity score, and presence of other abnormal findings (such as pleural effusion, interlobular septal thickening, cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, presence of discrete nodules, and reversed halo sign) were assessed. In this study we have reported chest CT imaging results of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, tree-in-bud appearance, reversed halo-sign, nodules and pleural effusion were not common findings in the chest CT scan of our patients. cache = ./cache/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341309-li3slzw6 author = McGough, S. F. title = Modeling COVID19 mortality in the US: Community context and mobility matter date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3083 sentences = 160 flesch = 48 summary = We investigated 32 the relative associations between COVID-19 mortality and social distancing, sociodemographic 33 makeup, economic vulnerabilities, and comorbidities in 24 counties surrounding 7 major 34 metropolitan areas in the US using a flexible and robust time series modeling approach. We investigated 32 the relative associations between COVID-19 mortality and social distancing, sociodemographic 33 makeup, economic vulnerabilities, and comorbidities in 24 counties surrounding 7 major 34 metropolitan areas in the US using a flexible and robust time series modeling approach. Other influential 50 community factors include social and economic vulnerabilities (3, 4), referred to in the 51 epidemiologic literature as "social determinants of health" (5 For example, social distancing policies have been adopted by state and local governments at 60 different points during the outbreak, and have also been shown to impact COVID-19 growth 61 rates (8). Our study combines both community context and social distancing effects and evaluate COVID-70 19 mortality rates over time across US counties. cache = ./cache/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341259-1768lp0a author = Lazarus, G. title = High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5121 sentences = 352 flesch = 49 summary = title: High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis Materials and methods Eligible studies evaluating the prognostic value of fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels in predicting COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Inclusion criteria were set to filter primary studies investigating the association between admission BG level and poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients (see Appendix Table S2 ). We demonstrated that FBG was independently associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients (Table 1 and Figure 3A -C), although all models yielded substantial heterogeneity (I 2 =84% for poor outcome; I 2 =87% for mortality, I 2 =78% for severity; all with P heterogeneity <0.001). Nonetheless, our results were consistent with the independent prognostic value of admission FBG, thus we judged the certainty of evidence for severity to be high, and for mortality and poor outcome to be moderate. cache = ./cache/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author = Yu, Xinhua title = Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 217 flesch = 47 summary = title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 7 We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Epidemic model simulation has been used extensively to estimate essential epidemic parameters, In this study, we will build a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model [27] to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the impact of population structure, asymptomatic cases, case importation, and the number of contacts on the epidemic progression. cache = ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341220-b2u8gswb author = Ben-Ezra, Menachem title = The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1459 sentences = 87 flesch = 49 summary = title: The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study A national study of 1293 participants from the UK recorded location, underlying medical conditions and non-recommended behaviors along with psychological distress. Elevated psychological distress was associated with living in London, underlying medical conditions and practicing non-recommended behaviors. However, no empirical study to date has been conducted on the associations between the WHO non-recommended behaviors and psychological distress. Previous studies showed the association between the COVID-19 with psychological distress in the general population 3, 4 . In our study, elevated psychological distress was highest amongst women, those with a background illness, those at the original epicenter of the outbreak (London) and those who practice at least one and above non-recommended behaviors. In sum, to our knowledge is the first study to empirically examine the association between nonrecommended behaviors during COVID-19 and psychological distress. cache = ./cache/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341359-c34gyuv6 author = Larson, Derek T title = Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Evidence-based Supportive Care date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1203 sentences = 62 flesch = 42 summary = This retrospective study of an institutional cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when organizational standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies. Following widespread use of therapeutic agents with limited data to support their use, calls were made to focus on the evidence-based care that has been the foundation of modern medical therapy for most acute respiratory viral infections [7, 8] . Our study is the first report of COVID-19 outcomes when institutional standards of care consist solely of known evidence-based practices of supportive care. Of those diagnosed with COVID-19, 21 (15.6%) had severe enough disease to necessitate hospitalization and 6 (4.4%) required care in the ICU. Our study demonstrates favorable outcomes for patients with mild to moderately severe COVID-19 disease when evidence-based supportive care is considered the institutional standard. cache = ./cache/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341381-jzjhhn23 author = Davis, M. title = Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1951 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = Importance: Anecdotal evidence such as increased calls to domestic violence (DV) hotlines across the globe suggest that there may be an increase of IPV prevalence in association with the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has investigated this phenomenon empirically. Participants self-reported demographic data and recent health histories, including COVID-19 tests results, related symptoms and degree of personal social distancing. Results: In this study, self-reported COVID-19 impacted respondents had an increased risk of IPV victimization and perpetration. For participants who reported testing positive to COVID-19, the odds of using psychological IPV (Exp[B] =3.24, [1.18, 8.89] p <.05) and physical IPV (Exp[B]=3.02, [1.12, 8.17] p <.05) against an intimate partner increased by more than 3 times. Spearman nonparametric correlation analyses were used to determine whether IPV victimization and perpetration were significantly associated with COVID-19 status and social distancing restrictions. We examined group differences by state-level intensity of positive COVID-19 cases in relationship to IPV using GLM (see Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341389-1o0ey67l author = Tay, Kiang Hiong title = Reconfiguring the radiology leadership team for crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3692 sentences = 175 flesch = 45 summary = This paper shares how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a smaller disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The DOTF format is modelled after the military with domain groups looking at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters on a daily basis so that timely decisions can be made and action plans executed promptly. We share how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The division management committee, responsible for the day to day operations, is made up of key appointment holders of the departments and imaging modalities (General Radiography, CT, MRI, Ultrasound, Mammography, Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine) as well as leaders for nursing, radiography, support staff, administration, logistics, quality management, imaging informatics, and service development. cache = ./cache/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341397-gl8xzzdv author = Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V. title = Novel Temperature Trajectory Subphenotypes in COVID-19 date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1395 sentences = 93 flesch = 44 summary = In contrast to other common viral infections, COVID-19 presents unique challenges with high rates of hypoxemic respiratory failure, hyperinflammatory cytokine storm, coagulation abnormalities, and cardiac and renal dysfunction 2, 3 . We have previously published a novel method of identifying subphenotypes in hospitalized patients with all-cause infection using longitudinal body temperature measurements 6 . We hypothesize that using a similar approach specific to COVID-19 patients would identify subphenotypes with unique clinical characteristics and inflammatory and coagulation abnormalities. The primary outcome was 30-day inpatient mortality, which was modeled on subphenotype using Cox regression analysis, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and severity of illness. The high mortality rate seen in Group 1 and the organ dysfunction seen in Group 4 suggest that both subphenotypes have a dysregulated response to COVID-19. In conclusion, we found four distinct subphenotypes of COVID-19 patients with markedly different clinical characteristics and mortality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341323-mw352rr1 author = Logie, Carmen H title = Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID‐19 stigma date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1560 sentences = 100 flesch = 50 summary = We are moving away from siloed stigma research on individual health conditions (e.g. HIV, mental health), social identities (e.g. race, sexual orientation) and practices (e.g., sex work, drug use) [15] . Intersecting stigmasuch as racism and povertyinteract with HIV-related stigma to harm health engagement and outcomes [16, 17] and may present analogous barriers to COVID-19 testing and treatment [14] . There are complex associations between HIV-related stigma and age, whereby older persons living with HIV may experience reduced health effects of stigma [21, 22] . The contact approach involves people who have experienced the stigma being targeted (e.g. persons living with HIV, persons experiencing COVID-19 stigma) delivering the intervention to provide a face to the pandemic that in turn can foster empathy and reduce othering [26, 27] . Creating space for stories of COVID-19 that reveal stigma and solidarity, of front-line healthcare workers' experiences, and of people living in quarantine, can reduce fear and spark empathy by helping us to see ourselves and our communities reflected in the pandemic [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341202-1pg7rq2d author = Manicone, Francesca title = The last bed dilemma burns out COVID-19 triage: a viewpoint from Medical and Law students date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1321 sentences = 68 flesch = 57 summary = Currently, it is being implemented in several COVID-19 wards, either in compliance with algorithm-based guidelines or according to distributive justice, as underlined by the Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva [4] that advices to base the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments on the evaluation of criteria such as age, comorbidities and functional status of the critically ill patients. According to the first protocol, when dealing with the life-threatening case of a 68-year-old man, obese, hypertensive and smoker, the physician has no choice but to allocate the last ICU bed, fully aware that an hour later the same bed could have been used to cure a younger patient, without any comorbidity and a higher life expectancy. In our view, this solution would suitably respond to two essential problems: a patient otherwise discarded by the guidelines might be given a chance to survive based on physician clinical experience whereas, if nonetheless the meeting withheld the bed, the physician would relieve his stress, sharing, to the greatest extent possible, the burden with the team. cache = ./cache/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341314-1mav631s author = Caso, Valeria title = No lockdown for neurological diseases during COVID19 pandemic infection date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1706 sentences = 89 flesch = 47 summary = Baracchini et al., in this brief report published in this current issue, are sharing how the University Hospital of Padua, with a catchment area of about 950.000 people, structured a pathway for acute stroke patients before admitting them to our Stroke Unit [9] . In the case of ischemic stroke without large vessel occlusion, the patient is transferred to the Infectious Disease Department or a dedicated Medical Department after thrombolysis treatment and will be continued to be clinically monitored by the stroke team and by the internist. In case of large vessel occlusion, the patient is admitted to the Angio-suite of the Neuroradiology Unit for endovascular treatment, and the personnel is pre-alerted for adopting adequate PPEs. At the end of the procedure, the patient is transferred to the Infectious Disease ward or a dedicated Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dedicated to COVID-19 patients based on neurological conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341479-lj0brkbx author = Caviglia, Marta title = The National Emergency Medical Service Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2204 sentences = 94 flesch = 44 summary = This report describes the main adaptive and transformative changes adopted by the brand-new National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) to face the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sierra Leone, including ambulance re-distribution, improvements in communication flow, implementation of ad-hoc procedures and trainings, and budget re-allocation. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the NEMS has been actively engaged in the national preparedness response plan to ensure a resilient referral system, able to effectively continue delivering routine services, and at the same time manage the sudden demands of referral of COVID-19-related cases. First and foremost, NEMS ambulance teams were in charge of transporting suspect, probable, or confirmed cases to referral health care facilities following the standard operating procedures (SOPs) defined by the CMP. cache = ./cache/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341475-v6ue6hhf author = Rahimi, Farid title = Criticality of physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1048 sentences = 74 flesch = 50 summary = Physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking have been recommended as realistic counterstrategies to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic inevitably led to realistic, mandatory restrictive countermeasures in many countries, causing uncertainty for millions of people with resultant unprecedented effects on economy and morale-importantly livelihood and job losses-which will require many years to recuperate. Presuming that an effective drug or a preventive vaccine for COVID-19 is distant, one may ask, "how long must the counterstrategies continue globally?" We do not intend here to undermine the importance of developing antiviral drugs or vaccine projects, but to highlight the importance of public's behavioral, cultural, and habitual changes for the pandemic's duration and in the immediate future when some restrictions potentially gradually ease in some countries, e.g., Australia 17, 18 and New Zealand. cache = ./cache/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341574-6pmd04m9 author = Weissman, Ruth S. title = IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2342 sentences = 123 flesch = 49 summary = IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID‐19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high‐quality research. International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) and members of its board long have embraced an author-centric ethos to maintain policies and practices that support authors (e.g., short review times; detailed and high-quality feedback; a range of manuscript types suitable for investigators across levels of research experience; workshops on publishing; and outreach to early career scholars). Detailed survey findings are described in a separate report (Weissman, Klump, & Rose, in press) , except for responses to the question which is the focus of this editorial: "Please describe 1-3 changes IJED should make to support eating disorders researchers during and after COVID-19." cache = ./cache/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341420-bfzto2lz author = Mohamed, Chekkal title = Prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability: recommendations of the Algerian society of transfusion and hemobiology date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 66 flesch = 44 summary = In addition, other studies have shown that many deceased patients have diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) set by the International Society of Hemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) The office of the Algerian Society of Transfusion and Hemobiology composed of hemostasis and blood transfusion experts from Algerian hospitals on the epidemic front line have established a consensus on the issue through 4 axes: Indication of thromboprophylaxis, monitoring of hemostasis, indications of transfusion in the event of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and anticoagulant treatment after discharge All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should receive LMWH thromboprophylaxis unless the risk of bleeding is greater such as in cases of thrombocytopenia with a blood platelet count less than 50 x 10 9 /L, thrombopathy, history of bleeding episodes, coagulation factor deficiency or a stroke in the last 3 months. cache = ./cache/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341304-jdvzpvdx author = Pata, Rama Kanth title = Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Dark Cloud With Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1871 sentences = 105 flesch = 53 summary = In December 2019, China reported a cluster of pneumonia patients infected by a new virus from the coronavirus family called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus quickly spread around the world and infected millions of people, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On March 22, 2020, a 67-year-old female with a past medical history of asthma, coronary artery disease (status post-coronary artery bypass graft two years ago), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and HIV on antiretroviral medications [bictegrav/emtricit/tenofov ala (Biktarvy® 50-200-25 mg tablet, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA) and darunavir/cobicistat (Prezcobix® 800 mg-150 mg tablet, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium)] was brought in by emergency medical services (EMS) for progressively worsening shortening of breath associated with weakness and two episodes of watery non-bloody diarrhea for one day. showed clinical improvement in the first case of COVID-19 in the United States after the use of remdesivir [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341503-3cvtoc2j author = Jaiswal, J. title = Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2551 sentences = 146 flesch = 39 summary = Much of the evidence needed to fully inform clinical and public health responses is not yet available, making COVID-19 uniquely vulnerable to a proliferation of disinformation, misinformation, and medical mistrust, including what are often called "conspiracy beliefs" [6, 7] . The purpose of this commentary is to suggest that understanding the etiologies of disinformation, misinformation, and medical mistrust must be an important component of the public health response to COVID-19. It is vital to consider how people, as individuals and as members of groups, experience and interpret social and economic inequality, and how those experiences affect their trust in or mistrust of evidence-based public health messaging, as well as their readiness to accept any promulgated misinformation or disinformation [64] . Public health and medical professionals have a responsibility to communicate science in an effective, accurate and accessible manner, without bias-and with the understanding that structural racism and other forms of oppression are root causes of inequality-driven mistrust. cache = ./cache/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341480-thia28sh author = Aminlari, Amir title = A Case of COVID-19 Diagnosed At Home with Portable Ultrasound and Confirmed with Home Serology Test date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 553 sentences = 35 flesch = 51 summary = Case Report We report a case of an otherwise healthy Emergency Physician diagnosed with COVID-19 at home using portable ultrasound, pulse oximetry and antibody testing. This case was particularly unique in that the patient and her husband were both emergency 93 physicians with the requisite skillset to perform a portable point-of-care ultrasound at home to 94 correctly make the diagnosis and also to rule out other worrisome conditions such as DVT, right 95 heart strain from a massive PE, pericardial effusion and lobar pneumonia. We recognize that a 96 portable ultrasound machine and the skillset required for its use outside of the hospital setting fast approaching, we must be willing to consider all treatment options and pathways that are patients in the general population, the combination of a pulse-oximeter and home serology test is useful to diagnose COVID-19, and decide if and when to go to the emergency room, thereby 105 alleviating stress on our healthcare system. cache = ./cache/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341435-b36h69r1 author = Dawson, Patrick title = Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1688 sentences = 104 flesch = 56 summary = In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42; 62%) among COVID-19 case-patients and had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55–95%) among household contacts. This investigation provided an opportunity to identify household COVID-19 cases and describe their symptom profiles, including loss of taste and smell, prior to diagnosis. Among the 64 household members of COVID-19 index cases, loss of taste and/or smell was reported by 12 individuals, of whom 10 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positive predictive value (PPV) of any loss of taste and/or smell (83%, 95% CI: 55-95%) was higher than for fever (subjective or measured) and cough, two of the three classic symptoms, and equal to the third, shortness of breath (83%, 95% CI: 44-97%) ( Table 1 ). In the absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, CSTE criteria for a probable COVID-19 case now include loss of taste and/or smell in conjunction with other non-classic symptoms (3). cache = ./cache/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341620-nmrkhx5t author = Chirico, Francesco title = Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4577 sentences = 241 flesch = 44 summary = Therefore, to evaluate the COVID-19 risk associated with the presence of air-conditioning systems, we conducted a rapid review of the literature concerning outbreaks of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environments. We utilized the participants-exposure-comparisons-outcome (PECOS) criteria, and we defined them according to evidence-based practice [32] -P (participants) is human subjects residing in indoor environments, E (exposure) is exposed to air-conditioning systems (HVAC), C (comparisons) is any comparison between the pathogens under study, and O (outcome) is respiratory infection outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, or SARS CoV-2. A retrospective study of on outbreak involving 74 patients in the same hospital indicated that the rapid evaporation of the droplets produced by coughing in a relatively dry, air-conditioned environment, could also induce virus-laden aerosol, which was probably responsible for spreading the infection to patients who were not in the same room [35] . cache = ./cache/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341512-nhdx944g author = Tanno, Luciana Kase title = CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID)-19: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINITIONS AND CODING TO SUPPORT THE ALLERGY COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 971 sentences = 52 flesch = 53 summary = We would like to dedicate this document to all colleagues and health professionals dedicating 197 Table 1 : Case definitions based on the World Health Organization oficial recommendations (10, adapted) (m = meters, ft = feet, min = minutes) A suspected case is defined when the patient fits one of the 3 situations:(I) Acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath), AND a history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 during the 14 days prior to symptom onset; (II) Acute respiratory illness AND contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset; (III) Acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath; AND requiring hospitalization) AND in the absence of an alternative diagnosis that fully explains the clinical presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341387-ovwiqmmj author = Marone, Enrico M. title = Characteristics of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter experience from Northern Italy. date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1474 sentences = 61 flesch = 51 summary = This study aims to outline the main characteristics of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients, based on experience of four high-volume COVID-19 hospitals in Northern Italy. In fact, like in other 50 respiratory infections, important alterations in the hemostatic functions, namely a procoagulant 51 effect, have been described in critically ill COVID-19 patients, yielding to an increased incidence of 52 venous thromboembolism (VTE) that has been estimated between 25% and 29% among those 53 hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) [2-3]. However, although the higher liability of COVID-54 19 patients to develop VTE is widely acknowledged, many aspects of this frequent and worrisome 55 complication have not been investigated yet: the most pressing questions that need to be addressed 56 concern its time of onset, if and how it relates with the severity and progression of the pneumonia, 57 and whether it affects in particular some venous districts. cache = ./cache/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341529-dmiy0l9c author = Siniscalchi, Antonio title = Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke? date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 635 sentences = 43 flesch = 49 summary = Thus, they may be a potential target of SARS-CoV-2, which might explain the death of olfactory cells in patients with COVID-19. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the cribriform plaque of the ethmoid bone during an initial or subsequent infection phase can lead to brain involvement. The presence of CoVs in the cerebral nervous system has been confirmed in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of patients during autopsies. In patients with stroke, the presence of COVID-19 could be a potential extrinsic factor in the genesis or worsening of stroke. [8] [9] [10] The onset or worsening of a stroke in these patients could be caused either by direct damage of the CoVs on the nervous system and/or by an activation of the mechanisms of COVID-19 inflammation induced as well coagulation disorders. As the disease spreads and new evidence emerges, we need to identify the existence of additional pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke in COVID-19 patients. Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341543-gcnph9gf author = Kuryntseva, P. title = A simplified approach to monitoring the COVID-19 epidemiologic situation using waste water analysis and its application in Russia date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1831 sentences = 123 flesch = 55 summary = The approach includes i) the creation of a calibration curve on the basis of the serial dilution of excreta collected from people who are infected with COVID-19 and ii) the analysis of wastewater samples and their serial dilutions but the approach excludes usage of concentration techniques before wastewater sample analysis as well as usage of external control in RT-PCR reactions for calculation of numbers of viral particles. 30 In the present study, a modified approach for detection of COVID-19 infection rate using 31 wastewater analysis has been developed. 30 In the present study, a modified approach for detection of COVID-19 infection rate using 31 wastewater analysis has been developed. In the modelling experiment with the excreta of ten COVID-19 235 patients, it was demonstrated that the minimal rate of infected people in the community that can 236 be detected by this method is 10-2%. cache = ./cache/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341527-03rh966o author = Stockton, John title = Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1165 sentences = 71 flesch = 48 summary = Here, we report a case of dexmedetomidine use in the setting of worsening hypoxemia, whereby oxygenation improved and intubation was avoided. Well known pharmacologic properties of the drug, namely the lack of respiratory depression and its anti-delirium effects, as well as other possible physiologic effects, suggest potential benefit for patients being managed with a delayed intubation approach. If dexmedetomidine can improve compliance with non-invasive oxygen support (the current recommended first-line therapy) while promoting better oxygenation, it may also decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and thus improve mortality. While early intubation was the initial recommended strategy for COVID-19 hypoxemia, a large case series in the US as well as data coming out of Britain, China, and Italy suggests a high mortality for patients requiring invasive ventilation [2] . In this case, we believe dexmedetomidine helped one patient avoid mechanical ventilation by improving compliance with non-invasive ventilation and promoting better oxygenation. cache = ./cache/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341644-egbahelm author = Benmarhnia, Tarik title = Linkages Between Air Pollution and the Health Burden from COVID-19: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1975 sentences = 115 flesch = 37 summary = In this commentary, methodological challenges and opportunities regarding the links between air pollution and COVID-19 are discussed with a focus on: i) the role of differential exposure to air pollution across populations and explain spatio-temporal variability of the epidemic spread and resultant mortality; ii) the indirect impacts of interventions treated as natural experiments to control COVID-19 person-to-person spread on air pollution and population health. I first discuss the potential mechanisms between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 and the opportunity to clearly formulate causal questions of interest through the target trial framework. Such environmental justice issues are critical and may contribute to explain the reported differential impacts of COVID-19 on race/ethnic communities in the US Occupational health (59, 60) can also provide critical actionable evidence by identifying highrisk workers given that some workplace conditions (e.g. health care providers and caregivers; water and wastewater sector; construction workers…) may increase severity of health outcomes or interact with other risks such as extreme heat (61) . cache = ./cache/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341575-8hv8rx6h author = Dhar, S. K. title = IL-6 and IL-10 as predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 patients: Results from Meta-analysis and Regression date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3817 sentences = 249 flesch = 53 summary = This study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to establish association between induced cytokines and COVID-19 disease severity to help in prognosis and clinical management. Results of the meta-analysis studies described before [11] [12] [13] [14] concluded elevated levels of cytokines in severe COVID-19 patients but did not proceed to establish significance of the markers as a classifier of patient groups. A more recent study 23 presented univariate classifiers for severe and non-severe patient groups using levels of is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Meta-analysis for SMD value of each marker using a random-effects model showed moderate and statistically significant elevation in severe patients for only two cytokines viz. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.20175844 doi: medRxiv preprint However, meta-analysis across multiple studies did not indicate any significant change in the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell count ratio in severe COVID-19 patients 48 . cache = ./cache/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341580-ymzlhsai author = Almskog, L. title = Rotational Thromboelastometry predicts care level in Covid-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3204 sentences = 188 flesch = 48 summary = Results The ROTEM variables Maximum Clot Firmness (EXTEM-MCF and FIBTEM-MCF) were significantly higher in both groups of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and higher in severely ill patients compared with patients at regular wards (p<0.05). Conclusion ROTEM variables (EXTEM-MCF, FIBTEM-MCF, EXTEM-CT, EXTEM-CFT) were significantly different in COVID-19 patients early after admission compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly longer coagulation time compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and that subjects treated at specialized wards had longer coagulation time compared with subjects treated at regular wards (p<0.001) ( Figure 1A ). Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly shorter clot formation time compared to healthy controls (p<0.001) ( Figure 1C ). Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly increased maximum clot amplitude compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and that subjects treated at specialized wards had increased maximum clot amplitude compared with subjects treated at regular wards (p=0.04) ( Figure 1D ). cache = ./cache/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341627-21m8rdhy author = Buda, Natalia title = Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection - A case series and review of the literature date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2481 sentences = 158 flesch = 47 summary = COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreading worldwide has become a serious challenge for the entire health care system as regards infection prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamically developing diagnostic method used in intensive care, cardiology and nephrology, it can also be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring pneumonia. Approximately 15% of patients have severe symptoms, and 5% require treatment at Intensive Care Units due to pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (2.3%), the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis or multiple organ failure (MOF) [4, 5] . In the course of diagnostics, an ultrasound examination of the lungs was also performed, revealing the following abnormalities: segmentally irregular pleural line and single focally located B-lines ( Fig. 4a and 4 b). Summary of symptoms, laboratory results, chest X-ray and lung ultrasound parameters in the 4 patients with COVID-19. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341661-sokoghh1 author = Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel title = Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak date = 2020-04-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4613 sentences = 225 flesch = 48 summary = The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. Considering the current rapid spread of infection, the American Dental Association (ADA) highlighted key steps to be taken by dentists in addition to the standard universal precautions such as taking patients' recent travel history; assessing signs and symptoms of RTI; recording patients' body temperature; mouth rinsing with 1% hydrogen peroxide prior to commencement of any procedure; using a rubber dam and high volume suction during procedures; and frequently cleaning and disinfecting public contact areas including door handles, chairs and, washrooms [13] . The present cross-sectional study reported the anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current viral outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341745-2txzi7kb author = Singh, S. title = Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for COVID-19: A systematic review date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4771 sentences = 346 flesch = 50 summary = RESULTS: After a review of 175 citations, we included 5 clinical trials (total of 345 patients), 9 observational studies (n = 2529), and 6 additional studies (n = 775) reporting on the QT interval. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality. Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID -19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality. We included both published and unpublished clinical trials and observational studies that reported on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use either as a single drug or in combination with azithromycin to treat patients hospitalized patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341804-rnj3wtg4 author = Jin, Zhe title = Drug treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2048 sentences = 136 flesch = 43 summary = This article reviewed the clinical use, mechanism and efficacy of the clinically approved drugs recommended in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (DTPNCP) released by National Health Commission of P.R.China, and the novel therapeutic agents now undergoing clinical trials approved by China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to evaluate experimental treatment for COVID-19. However, more evidence is needed either for 4 supporting or opposing the systemic therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids in 5 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Qin et al., 2020 a variety of immune cells 20 and improves the immunity, while IFN-β takes effect by inhibiting the adsorption of certain 1 viruses, enhancing phagocytosis of natural killer cells and mononuclear macrophages Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody, 21 13 which can specifically bind to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors and inhibit 1 signal transduction mediated by IL-6, thereby reducing inflammation and blocking cytokine 2 storm caused by COVID-19 (Scheinecker et al., 2009) . cache = ./cache/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341837-jmbbgfsz author = Patel, Pratit title = “COVID-19 and cervical artery dissection- A causative association?” date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1636 sentences = 111 flesch = 44 summary = 39-year female presented with spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissections without any instigating traumatic events and no history of connective tissue disorders. 39-year female presented with spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissections without any instigating traumatic events and no history of connective tissue disorders. Whether this patient's vertebral artery dissections were triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative. Whether this patient's vertebral artery dissections were triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative. 11 Oxley et al recently reported a case series of 5 COVID-19 positive patients (mean age of 39 years), with no significant past medical history who presented with stroke secondary to a large vessel occlusion (LVO). 4 With more younger patients who are COVID-19 positive, presenting with strokes during this pandemic, arterial dissection could be one of the pathological mechanisms. The management of COVID-19 patients with arterial dissection should continue to be dictated by the clinical examination and imaging studies. cache = ./cache/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341650-f8orw6ro author = Li, Hailan title = Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 511 sentences = 30 flesch = 64 summary = title: Regarding "Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial" Regarding ''Ruxolitinib in Q 1 treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial'' Q 2 To the Editor: We read with great interest the article titled ''Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial'' by Cao et al. 1 The study, which finally included 41 patients, evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19 cases. First, the duration from illness onset to randomization, 22 days for the control group and 20 days for the ruxolitinib group, was not appropriate because according to literature reports, 2-4 the course (from illness onset to discharge) of severe patients was about 27 to 30 days. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341684-buj8u63b author = Corbet, Shaen title = Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1349 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Such techniques allow for analysis not only of sentiment based on the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as to interlinkages between such sentiment and cryptocurrencies as a safe-haven asset in such time of extreme financial market panic. When considering the role of negative sentiment relating to the outbreak and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that there developed significant and pronounced timevarying price-volatility effects as investors identified both the severity and nature of the pandemic's growth trajectory and potential economic repercussions. cache = ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341814-poqni6ma author = Malin, Jakob J. title = DGI recommendations for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 798 sentences = 59 flesch = 56 summary = There are no clinical data on combination therapy with remdesivir and dexamethasone available CI confidence interval a Current evidence supporting the use of remdesivir in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 (no oxygen therapy required) [1] is insufficient b Off-label-use based upon preliminary results from the RECOVERY trial [2] c Reduced 28-day-mortality by one-fifth in patients that require oxygen therapy (in this study oxygen saturation 92-94% on room air) without invasive ventilation [23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio (RR) 0.82 (95% CI 0.72-0.94)] [2] d The clinical benefit of dexamethasone demonstrated in the RECOVERY trial was plainest in patients being treated after 7 days from symptom onset [2] e Conditional European authorization for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (≥ 12 years, weighing ≥ 40 kg) that require oxygen support and have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 30 ml/min [3] ; When applied, close monitoring of biochemical markers for organ toxicity (in particular hepatotoxicity) is mandatory. cache = ./cache/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341624-02bmonj6 author = Liem, Andrian title = Ethical standards for telemental health must be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1238 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = 1, 3, 4 Despite increased interest in telemental health, the pandemic created a sudden switch from offline to online modalities challenging clinicians to rapidly adapt to meet patients' needs. 5 This number is higher in low and middle-income countries in Asia, for example, about 85% of clinicians in Bangladesh have never provided telemental health services to their patients. 12 Second, clinicians must have practical competence to deliver online interventions, including assisting patients when they face logistical issues. A brief checklist covers these five ethical standards for telemental health is provided in Table 1 and can complement the available mental health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1, 2, 13 Telemental health is promising for use during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in Asian countries. Clinician should not rely on this table only and should seek more detail ethical standards from their government and professional organisation before providing telemental health services. cache = ./cache/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341577-txadxh13 author = Santos García, D. title = Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson´s Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1584 sentences = 105 flesch = 59 summary = title: Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to know the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on Spanish Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. The main objective of the present study was to know how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Spanish PD patients based on data from a sample of patients interviewed through an anonymous and voluntary online survey. An important observation is that up to 66% of the patients perceived a worsening of their symptoms during confinement and up to 70% answered that the pandemic had had a negative impact on them. In conclusion, although the present study has limitations due to the methodology, it demonstrates that Spanish patients with PD perceive the COVID-19 pandemic with concern and great responsibility. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson's disease and movement disorders cache = ./cache/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341806-7hatbzra author = Bone, Anna E title = Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4206 sentences = 244 flesch = 57 summary = In England and Wales, official mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveal that during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic (7 March to 15 May 2020), there were over 41,000 COVID-19 deaths, most occurring in hospitals (65%), with 28% in care homes and few elsewhere (7%). This study aims to explore patterns of mortality during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales (7 March to 15 May 2020) to understand implications for palliative care, service planning and research. The objectives are (1) to explore trends in place of death; (2) to explore the age and gender distribution of baseline deaths, COVID-19 deaths and additional deaths; (3) to estimate the proportion of people who died from COVID-19 who would have been in their last year of life, and differences by age; and (4) to use this information to discuss implications for palliative care provision, service planning and research. cache = ./cache/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341818-mm3d4jkh author = Ying, Mingliang title = COVID-19 with acute cholecystitis: a case report date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1706 sentences = 103 flesch = 56 summary = CASE PRESENTATION: A case of 68-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia who had constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen during her hospitalization that was finally diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) was performed, and the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 nucleic acid assay of the bile was found to be negative. Here, we report a confirmed case of a female with COVID-19 pneumonia who had constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen during her hospitalization that finally diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. At first, the patient did not show any abdominal symptoms except diarrhea; however, she developed constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen and Murphy's sign after 10 days of hospitalization, and her body temperature was elevated to 38.3°C (100.9°F). cache = ./cache/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341783-e7xz4utr author = Vistisen, Simon T. title = Risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1907 sentences = 99 flesch = 47 summary = 2 Because ACE2 plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system and also acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, hypotheses about an association between ACEi/ARBs and COVID-19 outcomes were rapidly generated. Nevertheless, based on these initial observational findings, there seems to be no increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for ACEi/ARB users. Four studies examined the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and uniformly found that risk of severe outcomes was not higher for the collapsed group of ACEi and ARB 740 Vistisen et al. The transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor allows SARS-CoV-2 entry and leads to virus replication, activation of innate immune system/complement, cytokine formation followed by neutrophils/lymphocytes in the lung and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341868-btalafo6 author = Carlet, Jean title = Steroids for sepsis and ARDS: this eternal controversy remains with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 555 sentences = 38 flesch = 65 summary = Therefore, we do not think that it would be wise to try again those drugs in Covid-19 2) We used in the above paragraph the term "sepsis", just because it is a well-, known severe syndrome due to infectious agents. Many "sepsologists" push very hard and without any doubt to include Covid-19 severe cases in the sepsis syndrome. In addition, secondary infections with nosocomial pathogens are very frequent in severe COVID-19 disease, making the prognosis even more complex to evaluate. Although this study was not a phase III one, it's double blind design and the relatively high number of patients makes it a key information 5) We are surprised to read that on September 25th, the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend the use of CS in severe COVID-19 cases, without any doubt or comments on the methodology of the various studies (3). cache = ./cache/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341674-q8p187qx author = Qiu, Jianyin title = A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1558 sentences = 86 flesch = 49 summary = title: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the tumultuous time of the COVID-19 epidemic. Meanwhile, psychological distress levels were also influenced by availability of local medical resources, efficiency of the regional public health system, and prevention and control measures taken against the epidemic situation. cache = ./cache/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341833-wf72fra8 author = Liu, Guoqiang title = A Single Large Dose of Vitamin D Could be Used as a Means of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Treatment date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2565 sentences = 149 flesch = 48 summary = 20 A pilot, openlabel, prospective phase 1 clinical trial in HIV-positive patients with Vit D deficiency showed that a single dose of 200,000 IU oral Vit D increased the frequencies of antigen-specific T cells expressing macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), an important anti-HIV blocking chemokine. In a recent study, 51 HIV-infected youths, with baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≤30 ng/mL, were enrolled and treated by adding three different Vit D doses of 18,000 IU, 60,000 IU and 120,000 IU monthly on a combination antiretroviral therapy. These data suggested that high-dose Vit D supplementation may attenuate immune activation and exhaustion and serve as adjuvant therapy to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected people. Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study The effect of treatment of vitamin D deficiency on the level of P-selectin and hs-CRP in patients with thromboembolism: a pilot randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341880-wxliz485 author = Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul title = COVID-19 induced economic loss and ensuring food security for vulnerable groups: Policy implications from Bangladesh date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7552 sentences = 365 flesch = 60 summary = This study examines the food security and welfare impacts of the COVID-19 induced lockdown on daily wage workers both in the farm and nonfarm sectors in Bangladesh. Then, applying simple econometric estimation processes, this study estimates the minimum compensation packages for the daily wage-based farm and nonfarm households of Bangladesh that ensure their minimum food security during the lockdown. The estimation suggests a common minimum support at US $ 1 per daily wage-based household in Bangladesh to ensure minimum food security during COVID-19 induced lockdown time. Using information of more than 50,000 respondents from the HIES 2016-17 dataset, this study, firstly quantified the economic loss due to the COVID-19 induced lockdown and suggested the minimum support package to ensure food security of the daily wage-based workers in Bangladesh. cache = ./cache/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341976-yts6pzn3 author = Liu, Xintian title = Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3062 sentences = 213 flesch = 57 summary = title: Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study to investigate the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and clinical outcomes in severe/critical patients with COVID-19. Specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM against SARS-CoV or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) became detectable in patients as early as 11-15 days post illness onset [11, 12] . AGING Additionally, the titers of IgM and IgG were significantly correlated with viral load in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in a recent finding [14] , which promoted the hypothesis that specific antibody against virus might be associated with disease progression in COVID-19. In this retrospective cohort study, IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 were profiled, and relationship between antibody titers AGING and outcomes was also assessed. cache = ./cache/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341987-lsvifqyo author = Kalyanasundaram, Sridhar title = Novel Corona Virus Pandemic and Neonatal Care: It’s Too Early to Speculate on Impact! date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3967 sentences = 206 flesch = 50 summary = We discuss the basic aspects of the infection, the approach of care to novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in positive pregnant women, the likely presentation in newborns (as per current knowledge), and the approach to the management of neonates with infection or at risk of the infection. In this article, we discuss the basic aspects of the infection, the approach of care to novel corona virus disease 2019 in positive pregnant women, the likely presentation in newborns (as per current knowledge), and the approach to the management of neonates with infection or at risk of the infection. Another recent case study published in Nature Communication reported transplacental transmission of COVID-19 from a positive pregnant mother during the last trimester to her offspring which occurred due to maternal viremia, placental infection, and neonatal viremia following placental infection [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341919-8gnthufw author = Basi, Saajan title = Clinical course of a 66-year-old man with an acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of a COVID-19 infection date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4192 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = 3 There appears to be a growing correlation between COVID-19 positive patients presenting to hospital with ischaemic stroke; however, studies investigating this are in progress, with new data emerging daily. 10 The patient, in this case, illustrates the clinical relevance of understanding COVID-19, as he presented with an ischaemic stroke underlined by minimal respiratory symptoms, which progressed expeditiously, resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent death. Our case is an example of a new and ever-evolving clinical correlation, between patients who present with a radiological confirmed ischaemic stroke and severe COVID-19 pneumonia. As of April 2020, no comprehensive data of the relationship between ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 has been published, however early retrospective case series from three hospitals in Wuhan, China have indicated that up to 36% of COVID-19 patients had neurological manifestations, including stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342059-y3zlyy1z author = von der Thüsen, Jan H. title = Case report: a fatal combination of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with extensive pulmonary microvascular damage in COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1940 sentences = 99 flesch = 37 summary = Here we present a case with histopathological evidence for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and extensive concurrent microvascular damage in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia and speculate on the cooccurrence of these serious complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At autopsy, bilaterally enlarged lungs were seen, with upon microscopy in the lung tissue extensive vascular changes including bilateral and diffuse edema and intra-alveolar fibrinous aggregates with an acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) pattern (Fig. 1a) , related to multiple associated foci of microvascular damage with hyaline thrombi (Fig. 1b and c) . This case demonstrates histopathological evidence of HLH in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia with a concurrent severe microvascular damage pattern in both lungs, with capillary thrombosis and extensive intra-alveolar fibrin exudation with an AFOP pattern. A sudden demise in Fig. 1 Histopathological features of microvascular damage with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a case of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341982-0i1w137u author = Barral, Matthias title = Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 852 sentences = 60 flesch = 52 summary = title: Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes From the 23rd of February 2020, corresponding to the beginning of stage 1 epidemic outbreak in France, to the 5th of May, 25 patients (men: 24/25; 96%) with a mean age of 57 ± 17 years [16-84] had bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for severe hemoptysis (SH). A total of 4 men with 7 BAE had positive COVID-19 RT-PCR (Tables 1, 2) , and 3 patients had severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Bronchial arteries enlargement was seen in 3 patients, and 3 patients had consolidation; no patient had alveolar hemorrhage compared to 17 (17/21; 81%) non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.005, Chi-square test) (Fig. 1 ). Embolization of all eutopic and heterotopic bronchial arteries was performed in 86% of COVID-19 patients during the first BAE, and 24-h clinical efficacy was 75% and 100% after a second BAE. cache = ./cache/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342143-un14oynk author = Fernández-Díaz, Eva title = COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: A description of two cases on alemtuzumab date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1614 sentences = 102 flesch = 55 summary = Conclusion: In selected patients (young, without comorbidities, and with high activity), MS itself could be more dangerous than COVID-19, so we should consider continuing MS treatment as previously planned, including alemtuzumab. Conclusion: In selected patients (young, without comorbidities, and with high activity), MS itself could be more dangerous than COVID-19, so we should consider continuing MS treatment as previously planned, including alemtuzumab. Therefore, alemtuzumab carries a theoretical high risk of developing COVID-19 if the infection occurs before immune reconstitution and the general recommendation is postponing infusions until the pandemic is controlled (Brownlee et al., 2020; Costa-Frossard França et al., 2020; Giovannoni et al., 2020) . Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mild uncomplicated infection despite intense immunosuppression Mild COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis and severe depletion of T-lymphocyte subsets due to alemtuzumab Potential COVID-19 infection in patients with severe multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab Temporal evolution of immune cells populations in our two MS patients who developed COVID-19 under alemtuzumab treatment across disease stages. cache = ./cache/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342129-74yqqocc author = Najafi, Farid title = Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2454 sentences = 123 flesch = 52 summary = title: Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran After confirming the epidemic of COVID-19 in Iran, data on patients with COVID-19 (confirmed, probable and suspected cases) by either real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test or chest CT-scan or clinical symptoms collected by two different sections: public health sectors and emergency unit of all selected hospitals. In order to estimate the reproduction number, we need to determine the serial interval-a proxy of the generation time-which defined as the interval between clinical onsets in initial case and secondary case [5] . We used "EpiEstim" package to estimate effective reproduction number of COV19-19 given the incident case counts data of Kermanshah by time-varying method. We performed sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of changes in serial interval on the reproduction number in two different time-lapse, 7-days and 14-days. For 7-day time-laps, the estimated values of reproduction number for COVID-19 were robust as serial interval parameters change (Fig 4-top row) . cache = ./cache/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341948-9w8od50e author = Scott, Michael title = Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2743 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. Surgery simultaneously forms the definitive management of hydrocoele of canal of Nuck as well as providing an intraoperative, revised diagnosis. ► Radiology and ultrasonography findings distinguish hydrocoele of canal of Nuck from inguinal hernias. cache = ./cache/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342108-5xd68rie author = Warne, D. J. title = Hindsight is 2020 vision: Characterisation of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6830 sentences = 424 flesch = 56 summary = Here, we consider a stochastic epidemiological model in which the true infected population is unobservable and a regulatory mechanism on the virus transmission process is included to capture the community response to a COVID-19 outbreak. Approximate Bayesian computation (Materials and Methods) [12] is applied to adaptively sample the approximate posterior distributions for all eight model parameters and posterior predictive distributions for the number of active confirmed cases, recoveries and deaths over time. Fig. 2 shows the distribution of these point estimates across all countries, and highlights countries having the highest cumulative confirmed cases to date (31 March 2020) without a decline in active cases: the United States (USA), Spain (ESP), Italy (ITA), Germany (DEU), France (FRA), United Kingdom (GBR), Iran (IRN), and Switzerland (CHE). This indicates a high tolerance response in which the transmission rate did not decline significantly until cases increased to larger numbers (See Fig. 6 in Materials and Meth-5 All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342216-xus2ckrc author = Sánchez-Duque, Jorge A. title = Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 750 sentences = 75 flesch = 57 summary = title: Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta Por ello, se debe optimizar el triage en las instituciones, e incluso implementar estrategias prehospitalarias como centros especializados que brinden información vía telefónica, los cuales, disminuyen el contacto físico, la propagación del virus y la saturación de los servicios de salud 1,3 . Las consecuencias de la no contención de estas epidemias se mide en vidas perdidas, lo cual es mucho más costoso, por lo que, se debe romper el ciclo de pánico y olvido, y comenzar a prepararnos para futuros brotes, especialmente fortaleciendo los servicios de atención primaria 2, 8 . Preparación y control de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina Lineamientos para la detección y manejo de casos de COVID-19 por los prestadores de servicios de salud en Colombia cache = ./cache/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342206-mitfgsdo author = Asif, Talal title = Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 944 sentences = 71 flesch = 51 summary = We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. While patients with COVID-19 can develop acute coronary syndrome, ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG) has been mainly described in patients with COVID-19-related acute myocarditis and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [2] [3] [4] [5] . A repeat ECG after 12 hours showed resolution of the ST elevation (Fig. 5) . A repeat ECG showed new 1 mm ST elevation in leads V2-V6 with associated Q waves in leads V4-V6 (Fig. 8) . A repeat ECG after 12 hours showed complete resolution of the ischaemic changes (Fig. 10) . DISCUSSION We describe two cases of transient ST elevation on ECG in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) function and COVID-19. All previously described cases of COVID-19-related ST elevation involved patients with fulminant myocarditis and a severely reduced LV ejection fraction [2-5] . cache = ./cache/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342041-x0bwjl54 author = Vivien, Benoît title = Adaptation de la Régulation Médicale du SAMU face à la pandémie du COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4100 sentences = 353 flesch = 67 summary = Si les différents SAMU de France ont pu montrer dans le passé leurs capacités d'adaptation pour faire face à des événements exceptionnels avec un nombre important de victimes, la pandémie du COVID-19 a été sans commune mesure avec tout ce qui avait pu être imaginé auparavant en termes d'ampleur pour une crise sanitaire. Outre les renforts internes respectifs de ces deux catégories de médecins, il a également été fait appel à des médecins extérieurs au SAMU-Centre 15 : médecins « jeunes retraités » du service qui se sont très rapidement réintégrés à la structure dans leurs activités respectives, médecins urgentistes de SMUR ayant ou non déjà pratiqué la régulation médicale dans un CRRA, voire médecins de services hospitaliers hors médecine d'urgence (pédiatres…) disponibles en raison de la sous-activité ou de la fermeture de leur service. cache = ./cache/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342121-ff4fpsq8 author = Miller, Eric D. title = Loneliness in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 76 flesch = 54 summary = For as much attention that this disease has rightfully focused on the elderly, individuals can experience different developmental challenges with loneliness throughout the lifespan including adolescence and young adulthood (Luhmann and Hawkley, 2016) -and, indeed, there is already evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst Chinese youth in the wake of this pandemic (Liang et al., 2020) . Social distancing and isolation are critical to preventing the transmission of this highly contagious virus; yet, these are acts that are intrinsically linked with various adverse psychological effects including loneliness and adherence to these sorts of strategies are likely to decrease over time (Armitage and Nellums, 2020; Galea et al., 2020) . Psychological theory, practice, and research must accordingly work to address what will likely be an everburgeoning loneliness crisis in the coming years as a result of this pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342241-76mtn1m7 author = Lenti, Marco Vincenzo title = Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1274 sentences = 67 flesch = 49 summary = Internal medicine has been immediately involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Italy, which started in late February 2020. The first few COVID-19 cases were suspected and diagnosed in internal medicine wards, including, among others, a young adult male from Codogno (referred to as "patient 1"), who was later transferred to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital. Internal medicine was also called to the front line and has proactively responded with great flexibility to the growing number of cases, transforming its divisions into departments dedicated to the care of COVID-19. At our hospital, two entire Internal Medicine Units, in a few days, were transformed into 'COVID' wards. In summary, internal medicine has responded promptly to COVID-19 Italian epidemic, due to its holistic attitudethe sick patient as an individual, rather than the disease, is the object of the studyand its methodological approach [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342204-9tgxijvn author = Nuzzo, Domenico title = Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3227 sentences = 183 flesch = 44 summary = In this axis, virus-induced inflammation and oxidative stress could be the common mechanisms responsible for CoV neurological symptoms. People with COVID-19 generally develop respiratory symptoms but the increasing evidence shows that some patients with a severe infection also develop neurological ailments like confusion, stroke, seizure, or loss of smell and taste. Recent studies discussed the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2; in fact, some infected subjects did show neurological effects. In fact, detection of some RNA of human-coronavirus in human brain samples clearly demonstrates that these respiratory pathogens are naturally neuroinvasive in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f humans and suggests that they establish a persistent infection in human CNS (Arbour et al., 2000) . Therefore, inflammation and oxidative stress systemic, induced by SARS-CoV-2 lung injury, could has effect in CNS causing neuronal dysfunction. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342139-t2tukk0z author = Livingston, Gill title = Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6631 sentences = 318 flesch = 54 summary = For individuals, the following data were collected: demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity); mental health clinical details (ie, dementia or other diagnosis); Mental Health Act 1983 or Mental Capacity Act 2005 status 31 (these are legislative frameworks for those with mental illness, including an absence of decisional capacity, which in defined circumstances allow people to be detained in a hospital without giving consent); physical comorbidities; and COVID-19-related details, which were COVID-19 clinical diagnosis (date of clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result or results, if retested), possible COVID-19 symptoms (first symptom noted, presence of new persistent cough, shortness of breath [respiratory rate >20 breaths per min], temperature ≥37·8°C, new loss of smell or taste, sore throat, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, loss of appetite, asymptomatic, duration of symptoms [days]), change to mental state related to COVID-19 (increased cognitive impairment or delirium, increased or new mood disturbance or psychosis); and manage ment (do not attempt resuscitation status; whether the patient was receiving vitamin D treatment; isolation of patients and duration [days] if applicable; whether venous thromboembolism [VTE] prophylaxis was given before the patient became symptomatic; whether VTE prophylaxis was given after symptoms developed; whether antipsychotic medication had been stopped, started, or increased during SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment, and new antipsychotic sideeffects; whether prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia; whether oxygen therapy was administered on the ward; and whether the patient was transferred to a medical ward in a general hospital). cache = ./cache/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342246-tnjtd9n3 author = Özçelik Korkmaz, Müge title = Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4422 sentences = 231 flesch = 52 summary = Because of the paucity of diagnostic tests in many European countries, data regarding epidemiological factors and clinical presentation of COVID-19 positive patients are limited; the reported studies were generally carried out by anamnesis and symptom inquiry [10] . In addition to demographic data such as the age and gender of the patients, general data including the concomitant systemic diseases, previous otolaryngologic diseases (perennial/allergic rhinitis, nasal septal deviation, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular disorders), the use of medications, and the length of hospital stay were also recorded. When evaluated according to the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection, there was no statistically significant difference between other findings except nausea/ vomiting, cough and dyspnea which were higher in the moderate group. This present study, it was found that PCR positive COVID 19 patients had different otolaryngological symptoms, especially loss of smell and taste. In our study, the most common otolaryngologic symptoms were the loss of smell and taste, which is important in terms of supporting the literature data on COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342185-2umby2l8 author = Cai, Qi title = The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4037 sentences = 207 flesch = 48 summary = title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6% vs 34.0%, adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7% vs 7.4%, adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3% vs 10.1%, adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8% vs 29.1%, adjusted OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. The present study attempted to compare the immediate psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. The mental health status of medical workers presented in the current study prompts the need for appropriate measures and timely treatment for COVID-19-related psychological problems. The present study highlighted the mental health problems and unmet needs of medical workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, especially among frontline medical workers. cache = ./cache/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342231-862kffnb author = Carneiro, Thiago title = Intravenous tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1857 sentences = 128 flesch = 51 summary = Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes after administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for stroke in patients with COVID-19. Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes after administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for stroke in patients with COVID-19. 1 We present the outcomes of a multicenter series of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were treated with IV tPA for suspected acute ischemic stroke. All patients included were diagnosed with COVID-19 by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab, presented with acute neurological deficits (< 24 hours), received IV tPA per acute ischemic stroke American Heart Association guidelines, and underwent brain and intracranial vessel imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342360-d7qc20i4 author = Mohamad, Siti Mazidah title = Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6071 sentences = 237 flesch = 39 summary = Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five 'social distancing' narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. As there is not much information known on audience's social media consumption in risk communication and their individualised, as well as contextualised risk perception, a preliminary research on how the audience deliver and circulate COVID-19 related content on social media was conducted, leading to this preliminary finding on the active involvement of young people in highlighting the significance of social distancing in flattening the curve in the country. cache = ./cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342013-k54u2q0d author = Martenot, Antoine title = Favorable outcomes among neonates not separated from their symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1944 sentences = 124 flesch = 55 summary = 1, 2 Although neonates born of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are seemingly vulnerable to infection, studies have found that they were not at a high risk for severe infection and were very rarely affected by COVID-19. This strategy involved preservation of continuous mother-infant proximity with specific hygienic measures, breast milk as the main source of feeding, early discharge with home isolation, and a structured follow-up with hospital-assisted home care. Breastfeeding may protect against the horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as specific antibodies against this virus have been found in the breast milk of a COVID-19-infected mother. 19 Our results support early postnatal proximity, despite many mothers worldwide being separated from their newborn infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, safely maintaining familycentered perinatal care and continuing the promotion of bonding between neonates and their SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers appear possible, as these newborns are very rarely infected and, if infected, show only mild symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342156-4c8rzo62 author = Hung, Orlando title = Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #2) date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 948 sentences = 57 flesch = 56 summary = Key to the design and effectiveness of PPE is understanding how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) gains access to the body. 2 While it is helpful to use the size of viral-laden droplets (greater or smaller than 5 lm) as an index of transmissibility for infection control measures, it is also important for healthcare workers (HCWs) to take into consideration the complex dynamic nature and the site of deposition of infected droplets, and the critical pathogen load of droplets required for establishing infection in different airway regions. With this clear understanding of how and where COVID-19 virus transmission occurs, and which pieces of protective equipment have been proven effective, HCWs need not be any more apprehensive about caring for COVID-19 patients than when they would be managing others with severe viral respiratory illness. cache = ./cache/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342340-q6j7vy8u author = Jefferies, Sarah title = COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of the national response: a descriptive epidemiological study date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5717 sentences = 281 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: We did a descriptive epidemiological study of all laboratory-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and all patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New Zealand from Feb 2 to May 13, 2020, after which time community transmission ceased. Demographic features and disease outcomes, transmission patterns (source of infection, outbreaks, household transmission), time-to-event intervals, and testing coverage were described over five phases of the response, capturing different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions. This descriptive epidemiological study examined a cohort of all confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases and all people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in New Zealand up to May 13, 2020 , which marked the easing of the most restrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions, after which community transmission ceased. cache = ./cache/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342523-52t7dh4n author = Dibner, Julia J. title = Direct COVID-19 Infection of Enterocytes: The Role of Hypochlorhydria date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1301 sentences = 79 flesch = 49 summary = The current report describes a need for selective stool testing to explore fecal shedding of viral RNA and presents a hypothesis for direct infection of enterocytes in cases of hypochlorhydria. Clinical and virological aspects of enteric COVID-19 disease have been reviewed, with authors suggesting the need for study of possible fecal-oral transmission (1, 3) . The purposes of this brief report are to emphasize the importance of testing stool samples under certain conditions and to suggest a novel route of direct enterocyte infection by COVID-19 in cases of developmental or acquired hypochlorhydria. Although there is observational evidence that long-term or high-level use of PPI is associated with an increased risk of testing positive for COVID-19 (10), certain histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) and a PPI have been observed to improve disease outcome in patients already infected with COVID-19 virus (11) . cache = ./cache/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342467-3se4s217 author = Parikh, Keval D. title = Quantifying the decrease in emergency department imaging utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic at a multicenter healthcare system in Ohio date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4363 sentences = 229 flesch = 59 summary = PURPOSE: To illustrate the change in emergency department (ED) imaging utilization at a multicenter health system in the state of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if there was a difference in the number of ED imaging exams performed before the state of emergency was declared in Ohio (March 9, 2020) and during the system-wide trough of utilization amidst the crisis. In Fig. 2c , we see that, in contrast to plain films, chest only imaging in CT makes up 11% (253 of 2232 exams) of the normal volume. At their lowest points, chest plain films thus maintained the highest relative Table 1 Matching pair-wise analysis results assessing statistical significance of change in ED imaging volumes are provided. The 34% (84 Fig. 1 The rolling 7-day total number of imaging exams performed in the emergency department setting within the healthcare institution. cache = ./cache/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342566-ym81lce9 author = barasa, s. title = The major predictors of testing positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic hospitalized patients date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3220 sentences = 228 flesch = 53 summary = 7, 8 However, these published studies did not compare the prevalence of lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality among COVID-19 positive and negative patients presenting with cough, dyspnea and or fever in the hospital. Our study sought to determine whether lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality in association with cough, dyspnea, fever or weakness increased the risk of testing positive for COVID-19. Our study hypothesized that COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to have lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality in association with cough, fever, dyspnea or weakness compared to COVID-19 negative patients. The Generalized Poisson regression analysis was used to determine whether COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to have bilateral chest image abnormality, lymphopenia, cough, fever, dyspnea or weakness adjusting for non-COVID-19 respiratory viral illness, history of smoking, asthma, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, SLE, COPD, CHF, hypertension and BMI. cache = ./cache/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342096-pijvvo2i author = Peivandi, S. title = Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3788 sentences = 230 flesch = 51 summary = Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Due to the fact that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual secretions, and through the pregnant mother to the child has not yet been confirmed, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some of these important aspects need to be considered: 1) Accurate identification Infertile women who are sensitive at this time; 2) effective personalization of stimulation based on maternal age and ovarian reserve; and 3) prevention of ART-related risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), complications associated with egg retrieval, and multiple pregnancies (28) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study, couples' knowledge, and awareness of general information about COVID-19 such as common symptoms, prevention methods, and also about whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted vertically or sexually (0.00%), was evaluated well. cache = ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342589-n63yw2qy author = Guha, Santanu title = Managing ACS during COVID-19 infection: do not follow the traditional route date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1540 sentences = 110 flesch = 46 summary = Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, having COVID-19 infection, are at higher risk of adverse outcomes and increased mortality. 3 Once this infection becomes more prevalent, all patients presenting with symptoms of severe emergent CVD should be managed as suspected cases of COVID-19. 6 Considering the present pandemic, for a patient who presents with ACS and in whom the infection has not been ruled out, isolation in a separate room is preferred with hemodynamic monitoring till COVID-19 is excluded. 5. In every city, at least a few CCUs (coronary care units) and CCLs should be developed in hospitals caring for COVID-19 positive cases, where patients from other hospitals may be transferred. Setting up of a few dedicated CCUs and CCLs in hospitals taking care of COVID-19 positive cases in every city is the need of the hour to combat the pandemic if it propagates in our country. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342303-ddulfe06 author = Ismael, Julia title = Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7121 sentences = 400 flesch = 42 summary = METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. cache = ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342361-eu3rry7p author = Lu, Jiatao title = ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China date = 2020-02-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3782 sentences = 232 flesch = 55 summary = title: ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China Our current study was conducted aiming to characterize the clinical features of either confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in a COVID-19-designated hospital in Wuhan, and to develop a mortality risk index, as an evaluation tool used for establishing a COVID-19 hierarchical management system in highly endemic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever study to compare the clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients who were either positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR assay, and to develop a first-ever COVID-19 mortality risk index derived from patients in highly endemic areas during early stage of outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342324-it6zcyht author = Dhaliwal, Ruban title = Letter to the Editor: “Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists” date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 684 sentences = 56 flesch = 52 summary = Thus, there is a need for close monitoring of serum calcium levels in symptomatic COVID patients, and adherence with calcitriol and calcium supplements as prescribed and follow sick-day guidelines (4). Second area of concern is the potential for interruption of parenteral treatments in patients with osteoporosis during this pandemic, many of whom are in the high-risk group for COVID-19 infection because of advanced age and/or comorbidities. While administration of intravenous zoledronic acid can be delayed for a few months to a year, such time-lapse latitude does not apply to subcutaneous denosumab because of the potential for the so-called "rebound fractures" (5), although there is no consensus on this complication (6) . Finally, timing the transition of treatment from anabolic (teriparatide, abaloparatide, romosozumab) to injectable antiresorptive therapy (zoledronic acid, denosumab) during a pandemic is also important. Letter to the Editor: Severe Rebound-Associated Vertebral Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation cache = ./cache/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342386-t5b8wpe2 author = Falcone, Rino title = All We Need Is Trust: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Reconfigured Trust in Italian Public Institutions date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14132 sentences = 348 flesch = 27 summary = Since overall trust in public authorities did not decrease after March 11 in the whole sample, this indicates a leveling in trust attribution across the country after the introduction of new measures, which in turn could be interpreted as a shift in the perception of the emergency: whereas in early March, a significant part of the Italian population still believed the outbreak to be somehow contained to specific regions, and thus a local problem unlikely to affect everybody in the same way, the nationwide interventions announced on March 11 made it crystal clear to all that COVID-19 was indeed a national concern. cache = ./cache/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342294-x18xmrji author = Yan, Nao title = Medium Term Follow-Up of 337 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2707 sentences = 147 flesch = 48 summary = Risk factors of nucleic acid re-positivity including the number of lobes infiltration (odds ratio[OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19), distribution (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.13–0.19), CT imaging feature of patchy shadowing accompanying with consolidation (OR, 9.36; 95% CI, 7.84–11.17), respiratory symptoms of cough accompanying with expectoration (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28–1.52), and chest congestion accompanying by dyspnea (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28–1.57). Considering the high infectious characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, all recovered patients continue to undergo 14 days postdischarge quarantine at designated locations, which is required by the diagnosis and treatment program for novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 6). All patients were detected to be SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive by a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and classified as mild to moderate cases on admission based on the criteria issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the People's Republic of China. cache = ./cache/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342498-f93jma3d author = Srivastava, A. title = Geographical Variation in COVID-19 Cases, Prevalence, Recovery and Fatality Rate by Phase of National Lockdown in India, March 14-May 29, 2020 date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4969 sentences = 277 flesch = 62 summary = Method: Using publicly available compiled data on COVID-19, we estimated the trends in new cases, period-prevalence rate (PPR), case recovery rate (CRR), and case fatality ratio (CFR) at national, state and district level. Maharashtra (11 to 4,445 persons per day; total infected persons 107 to 53,343); Tamil Nadu (2 to 1,332 persons per day; total infected persons 18 to 15,995); Delhi (3 to 1086 persons per day; total infected persons 30 to 13,036); Gujarat (3 to 899 persons per day; total infected persons 34 to 10,786); Rajasthan (3 to 431 per day; total infected persons 32 to 5,179) and Madhya Pradesh (1 to 416 per day; total infected persons 7 to 4,993), though Kerala experienced the least increment in average prevalence of COVID-19 (11 to 54 per day; 109 to 650 total persons) at the end of the fourth lockdown(see Fig 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342225-lcaemapt author = Wang, Chuanbin title = Initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 126 flesch = 56 summary = The main dynamic evolution characteristics were as follows: ① Imaging findings of the progression process: the main CT changes were increased GGOs with consolidation (118/126, 93.7%), an increased "crazy paving pattern" (104/126, 82.5%), an increased "vascular thickening sign" (105/126, 83.3%), and an increased "air bronchogram sign" (95/126, 75.4%); ② Imaging findings of the absorption process: the main CT changes were the obvious absorption of consolidation displayed as inhomogeneous partial GGOs with fibrosis shadows, the occurrence of a "fishing net on trees sign" (45/126, 35.7%), an increased "fibrosis sign" (40/126, 31.7%), an increased "subpleural line sign" (35/126, 27.8%), a decreased "crazy paving pattern" (19.8%), and a decreased "vascular thickening sign" (23.8%); and ③ In the stage of discharge, the main CT manifestations were further absorption of GGOs, consolidation and fibrosis shadows in the lung, and no appearance of new lesions, with only a small amount of shadow with fibrotic streaks and reticulations remaining in some cases (16/126, 12.7%). cache = ./cache/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342569-ja96xfns author = Azer, Samy A. title = COVID-19: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and Investigational therapeutics date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2669 sentences = 186 flesch = 46 summary = On 31 December 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organisation (WHO) an emerging of a novice coronavirus, currently the virus is known as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease name is coronavirus-19 disease (COVID19) , that has emerged in patients from Wuhan city, Hubel Province [1] . Recently it was debated that targeting the Notch signalling to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and interfering with the progression of COVID-19associated heart and lungs disease pathogenesis [13] . It is not clear whether the observed SARS-CoV-2-associated liver injury is cause by direct viral injury or related to hepatoxic drugs, coexisting systemic inflammatory changes, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ failure [18] . In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are infected with COVID-19, it is important to remember that two receptor proteins ACE-2 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are test can detect IgM, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the serum, plasma, and whole blood [23] . cache = ./cache/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342555-5r9aa7u5 author = Eghtesadi, Marzieh title = Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID‐19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long‐Term Care Facilities date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1607 sentences = 71 flesch = 47 summary = For older patients isolated in LTC facilities, providing them with these technology-dependent amenities and social contacts could potentially decrease their sense of loneliness and increase their self-perceived health, similarly to the benefits seen with physically going outdoors. Whether it be in the context of social isolation to control a local gastroenteritis outbreak to a large-scale pandemic, giving older adults in LTC facilities the opportunity to access technology would enable them to maintain social contact and communication. [1] [2] [3] As providers in the time of COVID-19, if we ignore symptoms of a mild respiratory infection and continue to work (historically considered a point of pride in much of medical culture), we now risk becoming superspreaders of a deadly disease, putting not only our most vulnerable patients but also scores of our colleagues (and all their patients) in serious danger. cache = ./cache/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342459-aroutcgh author = Feldman, Hope A. title = Commentary: Remote Learning Creates More Room at the Table date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 666 sentences = 48 flesch = 61 summary = The COVID-19 Pandemic has necessitated changes in surgical education. In this Expert Opinion, Dr. Vervoot and colleagues discuss the many benefits to be 20 gained from the increased utilization of online platforms for surgical education and conferences 1 . The settings have changed, yet the learning has continued. While these 29 changes have certainly come with some growing pains, Vervoot and his colleagues have concluded that 30 there should be a role for continued use of these technologies in the future 1 outside of a pandemic, travel may be challenging for trainees and early careerists trying to balance child-39 bearing and child-rearing with academic careers 6 . Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive 58 Technology in Graduate Medical Education Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During 60 the COVID-19 Pandemic Cardiothoracic Education in the Time of 62 COVID-19: How I Teach It Surgical Training: An Opportunity to Enhance Education cache = ./cache/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342517-bzmhjvr5 author = Rassouli, Maryam title = COVID-19 Management in Iran as One of the Most Affected Countries in the World: Advantages and Weaknesses date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2281 sentences = 82 flesch = 44 summary = This report explores the advantages and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the management of this crisis in regard with political economic and cultural issues, health service coverage, and the transparency of information that can be used as a model for other countries around the world. Considering the fact that using global experience, especially in times of crisis, is one of the best crisis management mechanisms, a review of the strengths and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the COVID-19 management covering the political-economic aspects, Health services coverage, cultural aspect, and the transparency of information can be used as a model by other involved countries, while at the same time benefiting from the strategies of countries with similar experiences. cache = ./cache/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342577-sxl4ac0s author = Li, Yuchen title = Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4340 sentences = 177 flesch = 45 summary = title: Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study The alarm phase (19th–26th January) was a restriction-free period, characterized by few new daily cases, but a large amount public negative emotions [the number of negative comments per Weibo post increased by 246.9 per day, 95% confidence interval (CI) 122.5–371.3], and a substantial increase in self-limiting mobility (from 45.6% to 54.5%, changing by 1.5% per day, 95% CI 0.7%–2.3%). The epidemic phase (27th January–15th February) exhibited rapidly increasing numbers of new daily cases, decreasing expression of negative emotions (a decrease of 27.3 negative comments per post per day, 95% CI −40.4 to −14.2), and a stabilized level of self-limiting mobility. In the current study, we aimed to describe dynamic changes in the public's emotional reactions and daily mobility patterns, especially self-limiting mobility patterns, in the Chinese population during the outbreak period of COVID-19 in China. cache = ./cache/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342418-57cu4oeu author = Mol, B. W. title = Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3655 sentences = 228 flesch = 59 summary = title: Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis Objectives To balance the costs and effects comparing a strict lockdown versus a flexible social distancing strategy for societies affected by Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19). In Denmark, where a strict lockdown strategy was installed for months, the number of people dying with COVID-19 was on average 111 per million, resulting in an estimated 1,216 life years per million inhabitants lost. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.14.20194605 doi: medRxiv preprint costs and effects of a strict lockdown versus a more liberal social distancing strategy by comparing Sweden to Denmark. In this cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared a strict lockdown for COVID-19 disease as implemented in Denmark to the more liberal social distancing policy applied in Sweden. Under current Swedish policy 577 more people per million inhabitants died a COVID-19 related mortality as compared to Denmark, resulting in an additional 1,216 life years lost. cache = ./cache/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342580-re7yqm1c author = Abdou, Hossam title = A Cautionary Tale of an Emergency Cerebrovascular Procedure in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1007 sentences = 74 flesch = 51 summary = Fortunately, she did not have lasting deficits, but this highlights the potential of current policies to lead to complications and the need to improve policies to minimize harm. Hospitals all over the world have adopted intubation precautions 4 including minimizing staff in the room, donning appropriate personal protective equipment 5 (PPE) -typically powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs), using rapid sequence intubation 6 (RSI), and using video laryngoscopy [1] [2] [3] . Extubation protocol called for all staff to 12 leave the operating room except for the anesthetist who donned a PAPR during the procedure, 13 but this left the anesthetist without equipment or assistance when the emergency presented. Institutional policy 16 also required the use of PAPRs and video laryngoscopy during intubation and a limited supply of 17 this equipment meant that they were not immediately available. It is also important to highlight that this complication occurred in a patient that was not 14 suspected to be COVID-19 positive. cache = ./cache/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342616-k65501xp author = Feng, Zhichao title = The Use of Adjuvant Therapy in Preventing Progression to Severe Pneumonia in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Data Analysis date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4280 sentences = 250 flesch = 46 summary = Nonspecific antiviral therapy did not prevent clinical progression to severe pneumonia, although fewer hypertensive patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) therapy developed severe pneumonia in contrast with those on non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive therapy (1 of 16 [6.3%] patients and 16 of 49 [32.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 26.4%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 41.3%]). Nonspecific antiviral therapy did not prevent clinical progression to severe pneumonia, although fewer hypertensive patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) therapy developed severe pneumonia in contrast with those on non-ACEI/ARB that hypertension without receiving ACEI/ARB therapy was an independent risk factor (odds ratio [12] [13] [14] There has been considerable interest and debate regarding the risk of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in patients on angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy, presumably through the modulation of ACE2 expression. cache = ./cache/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342603-k0f33p3l author = Spyropoulos, Alex C. title = Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3796 sentences = 155 flesch = 32 summary = Hospitalized acutely-ill medical patients, including those with infections such as viral pneumonia, are at increased risk for VTE, and antithrombotic practice guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis with twice-or thrice-daily subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH) oncedaily subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), or fondaparinux to reduce this risk, although fondaparinux is infrequently used due to its long half-life and reversibility concerns [11, 12] . All rights reserved the absence of COVID-19-specific data, it is reasonable to consider extended-duration thromboprophylaxis with LMWH or a DOAC for at least 2 weeks and up to 6 weeks post-hospital discharge in selected COVID-19 patients who are at low risk for bleeding and with key VTE risk factors such as advanced age, stay in the ICU, cancer, a prior history of VTE, thrombophilia, severe immobility, an elevated D-dimer (>2 times ULN), and an IMPROVE VTE score of 4 or more. cache = ./cache/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342338-nxfg9yfq author = Montero, A. title = Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19? date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2320 sentences = 102 flesch = 43 summary = have recently published a systematic review of current evidence for treatment with immunosuppressants, cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids, TNF-α blockers, IL-6 block, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK), block IL-1, mycophenolate, tacrolimus, anti-CD20 and CTLA4-Ig. After reviewing 89 studies, the authors' conclusion is that low doses of prednisolone and tacrolimus may have beneficial effects on COVID-19, as well as that IL-6 levels are associated with the severity of pulmonary complications, although there is no evidence regarding the beneficial impact of IL-6 inhibitors on the course of COVID-19 disease [7] . In the constant and incessant search for treatments against COVID-19, it has been suggested that low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) could play a role for their anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism by which X-ray treatment acts on pneumonia involves the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype that leads to a rapid reversal of clinical symptoms, facilitating resolution of the disease. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? cache = ./cache/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342362-j7vuoer6 author = Gegúndez-Fernández, José A title = Recomendaciones para la atención oftalmológica durante el estado de alarma por la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19 date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3525 sentences = 354 flesch = 53 summary = Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia COVID-19, la atención a los potenciales riesgos de salud para la población ocasionados por el coronavirus deberá prevalecer sobre la posible progresión de enfermedades oculares comunes. Recoge recomendaciones de máximos para la atención a pacientes oftalmológicos, tanto COVID positivos como negativos, durante la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Durante este periodo la atención a los potenciales riesgos de salud para la población general ocasionados por la pandemia COVID-19 debe primar sobre la posible progresión de enfermedades tales como el glaucoma crónico, la retinopatía diabética, la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE), enfermedades corneales e inflamatorias, entre otras. Las precauciones tomadas para la elaboración de los derivados hemáticos serán las propias establecidas según el informe de la AEMPS 20 de 23/mayo/2013 sobre el uso de Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP) y teniendo en cuenta los criterios de exclusión del Anexo II del Real Decreto 21 1088/2005, el cual especifica que pacientes con infecciones se excluirán durante y como mínimo las dos semanas posteriores al restablecimiento clínico completo de una enfermedad infecciosa y tras la desaparición de síntomas, incluyendo fiebre superior a 38ºC y afección pseudogripal, donde podríamos clasificar la infección por SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342703-vbq1o25l author = Huang, J. title = Comparing biomarkers for COVID-19 disease with commonly associated preexisting conditions and complications. date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4201 sentences = 262 flesch = 43 summary = Using high-sensitivity proximity extension technology, this study examines the blood proteome of COVID-19 patients for protein markers associated with early infection and disease prognosis and compares with known biomarkers of common preexisting conditions and related complications. Differences in protein levels between COVID-19 positive patients and negative controls were analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.02.20205609 doi: medRxiv preprint Differences in log base-two protein levels (NPX) between COVID-19 positive cases (n=305) and negative controls (n=78) were analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, preexisting conditions (see Table 1 ), and sample handling. cache = ./cache/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342631-ryibszjm author = Shoer, S. title = Who should we test for COVID-19?A triage model built from national symptom surveys date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4161 sentences = 203 flesch = 50 summary = Here, we devised a model that estimates the probability of an individual to test positive for COVID-19 based on answers to 9 simple questions regarding age, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling, and the symptoms fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell, all of which have been associated with COVID-19 infection. This version of the survey included information on respondents' age group, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling and a partial list of symptoms, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell (see Section 1b in the supplementary appendix). To assess the contribution of reported symptoms and prior medical conditions to both the primary model and the extended features model (in both the Logistic Regression and the Gradient Boosting Decision Trees versions), we constructed baseline models using only age group and gender information to predict our outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342599-558yn6pu author = Rinchai, Darawan title = A modular framework for the development of targeted Covid-19 blood transcript profiling panels date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5230 sentences = 298 flesch = 42 summary = Here we aimed to develop an approach to support the design of focused blood transcriptome panels for profiling the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a proof of principle, we designed three targeted blood transcript panels, each with a different translational connotation: therapeutic development relevance, SARS biology relevance and immunological relevance. In this proof of principle study, we used the available transcript profiling data from two separate studies to select Covid-19 relevant sets of modules (8, 9) . One of these applications provides access to module-level transcript abundance profiles for available Covid-19 blood transcriptome profiling datasets. Despite large differences between the two studies in terms of design, range of clinical severity, technology platforms and module coverage, the combined overall changes (detected at a high-level perspective) are consistent with those observed in known acute infections, such as those caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or S. cache = ./cache/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342625-31fe1neb author = Baba, Hiroaki title = Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod treated with ciclesonide date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1457 sentences = 76 flesch = 48 summary = The patient who continued iguratimod therapy without dose reduction was treated with ciclesonide had an uneventful clinical course, but prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed after resolution of symptoms. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly across the world, yet investigations of in patients with rheumatologic disease taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive effects remain scarce [1] . Here we report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod, who had prolonged viral RNA presence. A woman in her 40s with rheumatoid arthritis treated with iguratimod 25 mg twice a day was admitted to Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) with primers that target the N2 gene of SARS-CoV-2 as described previously [2] from nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum. cache = ./cache/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342636-mmlnm3mz author = Situngkir, H. title = The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3579 sentences = 227 flesch = 56 summary = We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. We can see the micro-social used in the simulations as three parts, i.e.: the internal state of the agents, the mobility in our artificial world, and the spreading of the disease based on the first two properties. When it comes to closing down the public spaces (in the simulation we omit the social attraction points) and encouraging the effective physical distancing measures to the population, the number infection rate is suppressed a little. As we simulated the usage of masks in our agent-based model, the slowing rate of infection does give effect even though it needs time to suppress the number of active cases. Thus from our sets of experiments in the agent-based simulation, some tweaks of interventions due to the pandemic at the micro-level, the emerged macro-level is observed, including some emerged social aspects. cache = ./cache/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342734-37xduboo author = Thomé, Beatriz C. title = Ethical Considerations for Restrictive and Physical Distancing Measures in Brazil During COVID-19: Facilitators and Barriers date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2579 sentences = 141 flesch = 50 summary = Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. We have witnessed a political polarization of COVID-19 response and a lack of clear federal public health measures to tackle the pandemic, undermining the potential positive effects of a harmonized response. Improving testing capacity, coupled with ensuring adequate care for COVID-19 patients, would potentially facilitate the assessment of the pandemic impact in the various communities and redirect public health measures accordingly. Each country will have its own challenges and social and cultural specificities when implementing public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. All efforts should be put in place so that the population is well informed during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the reasons behind physical isolation along with other strategies and feels supported and included in the response. cache = ./cache/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342708-yimysnvx author = Patel, Neeral R. title = Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective date = 2020-08-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3620 sentences = 173 flesch = 39 summary = PURPOSE: The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada. METHODS: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via national and regional radiology societies, exploring (1) center information and staffing, (2) acute and on-call IR services, (3) elective IR services, (4) IR clinics, (5) multidisciplinary rounds, (6) IR training, (7) personal protection equipment (PPE), and departmental logistics. The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of IR services at both academic and community hospitals in Canada. The reduced provision of elective service by IR was a necessary intervention during the pandemic to ensure minimal risk to patients and staff with respect to virus transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342771-0p5x5ihh author = Huang, Qianwen title = Targeting inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2151 sentences = 106 flesch = 37 summary = Mounting evidence has demonstrated that severely ill COVID-19 patients presented with elevated levels of cytokines and inflammatory indices, such as serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and D-dimer than those with moderate symptoms, suggesting the involvement of a cytokine storm [2] . Current clinical evidence also confirmed the correlation of cytokine storm syndrome and disease severity as well as unfavorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients [3] . Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, were considered as one of the options for COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm [4] based on their inhibition on many inflammatory genes and previous clinical use in other viral diseases. Therefore, drugs targeting at NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β are promising in mitigating NLRP3-inflammasome driven hyper-inflammation, pyroptosis, and cytokine storm syndrome in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Potential therapies of COVID-19 by targeting inflammation and cytokine storm SARS-CoV-2 entries and infects cells by binding to TMPRSS2 and ACE2, subsequently releases virus RNA, one of the PAMPs, and recruits dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. cache = ./cache/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342716-h0d47023 author = Park, Hojeong title = A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1860 sentences = 154 flesch = 64 summary = title: A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model This paper analyzes the basic reproduction number in South Korea which enables us to identify a necessary level of vaccine stockpile to achieve herd immunity. The herd immunity calculated from economic-epidemiological model suggests that at least 62% of the susceptible population be vaccinated when COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. Although COVID-19 virus is still ongoing in South Korea, the number of new infected cases has been substantially reduced since the mid April. This short paper attempts to examine the herd immunity of COVID-19 using an economic-epidemiological model. The model allows us to calculate the basic reproduction number, R 0 , which is an essential indicator to understand the infective power of the virus. We start with an epidemiological model to analyze the herd immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea. Basic and effective reproduction numbers of COVID-19 cases in South Korea excluding Sincheonji cases cache = ./cache/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342746-2hbcbvt6 author = Lane, J. C. E. title = Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6744 sentences = 390 flesch = 48 summary = 14-20 Early results from randomised controlled trials conducted in China have shown reduced severity and course of the disease with hydroxychloroquine HCQ, compared with placebo, without detecting serious adverse effects, although others have suggested no difference in outcome from conventional treatment. First, new user cohort studies were used to estimate the safety of HCQ compared to sulfasalazine (SSZ), and to assess the risks associated with the addition of AZM compared to amoxicillin (AMX) amongst users of HCQ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 doi: medRxiv preprint Database-specific counts, incidence rates (IR) of all study outcomes stratified by drug use are detailed in full in Supplementary Table S7 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 doi: medRxiv preprint Consistent findings were seen with the long-term (on treatment) use of HCQ vs SSZ (Figure 3) , with the exception of cardiovascular mortality, which appeared inconsistent in the available databases, but overall increased in the HCQ group when meta-analysed: pooled CalHR 1.65 (1.12-2.44). cache = ./cache/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342767-n9ux7gqm author = Head, Michael G title = A real-time policy dashboard can aid global transparency in the response to coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1031 sentences = 65 flesch = 55 summary = There has been great provision of open data across the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, with, for example, dashboards presenting real-time descriptions of new daily cases and risk factors. A 'policy dashboard' could act as a hub to show the localised reasoning behind COVID-19 policy decisions and allow the global health community to provide further support to governments and international stakeholders. The University of Oxford has created an 'evidence service', 7 while John Hopkins University hosts the dashboard of global cases 1 and we at the University of Southampton maintain a tracker of COVID-19 research and development funding decisions. G. Head the world, a policy dashboard can have the benefit of potentially allowing others to provide extra supporting analysis that can feed into real-time decision-making. Evidence informing the UK's COVID-19 public health response must be transparent cache = ./cache/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342822-d7jx06mh author = Izadi, N. title = The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3357 sentences = 245 flesch = 51 summary = Knowledge regarding epidemiological characteristics and parameters of the infectious diseases such as, incubation period (time from exposure to the agent until the first symptoms develop), serial interval (duration between symptom onset of a primary case and symptom onset of its secondary cases), basic reproduction number (R 0 ) (the transmission potential of a disease) and other epidemiologic parameters is important for modelling and estimation of epidemic trends and also implementation and evaluation of preventive procedures (8) (9) (10) (11) . Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions cache = ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342810-41dghl0c author = Nguyen, Thanh N. title = Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3908 sentences = 196 flesch = 41 summary = Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and health care providers. When a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is at risk for impending respiratory failure (i.e. orthopnea or respiratory distress lying flat, high oxygen requirement, rapid neurological decline), consider early and controlled intubation in a negative pressure room in the ER/ICU/OR with staff wearing full PPE including N95 mask, gown, double gloves, face shield or per local institutional COVID-19 intubation policy. cache = ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342873-eu7f0zjm author = Yeleswaram, Swamy title = Inhibition of cytokine signaling by ruxolitinib and implications for COVID-19 treatment date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2885 sentences = 147 flesch = 44 summary = Patients with severe COVID-19 experience elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can result in cytokine storm, followed by massive immune cell infiltration into the lungs leading to alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death. Although most patients with COVID-19 experience only mild-to-moderate disease, approximately 15% progress to severe pneumonia, and 5% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and/or multiple organ failure, which can rapidly lead to death [3] . The high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to massive immune cell infiltration of the lungs in patients with COVID-19, resulting in alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death [7, 8] . Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 that is approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera, and steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof 6 host disease (SR-aGVHD) [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342841-b1rucgmg author = Di Carlo, Francesco title = Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5256 sentences = 272 flesch = 42 summary = Zohu et al (2020) reported that the decrease of hospital visits led to a reduction of routine psychiatric care for many patients with mental disorders in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Telemental health services can be particularly useful and appropriate for the support of both patients and health care workers during this pandemic, allowing providing assistance and care to those who need it by reducing the risk of infection. Patients with depressive disorders have been shown to benefit from TP, as reported by several studies in which patients' symptoms improved more in the telemental health group than in the traditional setting ones. Evidence from several studies has underlined that the use of TP for delivering mental healthcare services can improve symptoms of depression among older adults. During this pandemic period several Authors all over the world underlined the need to promote online mental health care services and encourage their use [13, 63, 64] . cache = ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342786-dl8vjwfn author = Sattar, Yasar title = COVID-19 Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Cellular Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Management date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5268 sentences = 349 flesch = 37 summary = Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. The infected patients may also present with cardiovascular disease (CVD) like acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and congestive cardiac failure(CHF) [6] . The systemic inflammation in COVID-19 may also dysregulate the post-translational modification of cardiac ion channels resulting in arrhythmia [25, 26] It is also noteworthy that viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2, ORF3 and ORF8, activate NLRP3 inflammasomes which inturn promotes atrial fibrillation [27, 28] . cache = ./cache/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342902-y1v8wzxq author = Yuan, Shuofeng title = Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5692 sentences = 291 flesch = 45 summary = Here, we show that clofazimine, an anti-leprosy drug with a favorable safety and pharmacokinetics profile, possesses pan-coronaviral inhibitory activity, and can antagonize SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple in vitro systems, including the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and ex vivo lung cultures. In a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, prophylactic or therapeutic administration of clofazimine significantly reduced viral load in the lung and fecal viral shedding, and also prevented cytokine storm associated with viral infection. Since clofazimine is orally bioavailable and has a comparatively low manufacturing cost, it is an attractive clinical candidate for outpatient treatment and remdesivir-based combinatorial therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in developing countries. We found that co-application of clofazimine and remdesivir impacts SARS-CoV-2 replication in a manner that extends beyond the additive combinatorial activity predicted by the Bliss independence model (maximal Bliss Synergy Score of 44.28; Figure 5a , Extended Data Figure 2) , and indicates these two drugs harbor a synergistic antiviral relationship. cache = ./cache/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342984-3qbvlbwo author = Allington, Daniel title = Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3857 sentences = 198 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys of social media use, conspiracy beliefs and health-protective behaviours with regard to COVID-19 among UK residents were carried out online, one using a self-selecting sample (N = 949) and two using stratified random samples from a recruited panel (N = 2250, N = 2254). We report on three online questionnaire surveys of engagement in COVID-19-specific health-protective behaviours, use of social media as a source of information about COVID-19, and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, defined as beliefs which entail that the COVID-19 public health critis was produced through intentional agency (whether through manufacture of the coronavirus or through deliberate exaggeration or incorrect attribution of negative health outcomes). There was a much stronger and more significant negative relationship between use of social media as a source of knowledge about COVID-19 and engagement in health-protective behaviours, U(N1 = 1603, N2 = 563) = 342 191.5, p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.35-0.41). cache = ./cache/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343008-y2pt43am author = Tee, Cherica A title = Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3905 sentences = 216 flesch = 49 summary = title: Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus The online survey collected data on socio-demographics, health status, contact history, health service utilization, use of hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 knowledge and concerns, precautionary measures, information needs, the validated Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) ratings. People with autoimmune systemic connective tissue diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus are perceived to be vulnerable and at an increased risk of contracting severe COVID-19 illness because of their immunocompromised status, chronic state of inflammation, predisposition to flare when exposed to any forms of stress, and use of immunosuppressive medicines. 12 To date, there are no studies on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus who belong to the perceived vulnerable groups within society. cache = ./cache/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342930-f7cw2ca6 author = Portincasa, Piero title = Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting? date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3010 sentences = 160 flesch = 44 summary = Although the most frequent and critical clinical 15 presentation is secondary to the involvement of the lung (fever, cough), the infection by SARS16 CoV-2 virus may lead to a systemic and multi-organ disease [10] , also involving the gastrointestinal 17 tract (nausea/vomiting, or diarrhea) [11, 12] . Although the level of serum transaminases could be already elevated before the onset of COVID-14 19, results from clinical reports and autopsy studies [26, 49, 50] suggest that liver dysfunction can 15 be an expression of a worse disease evolution, and that an isolated elevation of transaminases alone 16 is likely to be the indirect expression of a systemic inflammation. In one study, patients 17 developing abnormal liver tests had higher risks of progressing to severe disease [51] , and the 18 finding is associated with longer hospital stay [62] . Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with 19 COVID-19: A retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342852-8wlqbwdi author = Chen, Jie title = Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3991 sentences = 221 flesch = 53 summary = The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression of healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic and to identify associated risk factors. We found that self-rated increase in workload, having respiratory symptoms, having digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression. Multiple factors, including having respiratory or digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, self-reported increase in work intensity, negative coping style, and job burnout, participate in the anxiety or depression of healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342989-9ie8mx4l author = Lam, Simon Ching title = Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4016 sentences = 175 flesch = 46 summary = However, what remains largely absent from the literature to date, is an examination of actual pandemic situations and if perceived risk (vulnerability and fear of contracting) and mitigations (effectiveness of face masks and knowledge of COVID-19) are associated with mental health difficulties, such as depression, in physicians and nurses. Among the health beliefs, feeling susceptible and fearful of contracting COVID-19, as well as difficulty obtaining face masks are associated with higher risk of depression ( Table 4) . To our knowledge, we are the first group to report the mental health status, specifically depression, among a large sample of HCWs across both the pandemic and non-pandemic regions of China as well as Hong Kong and to examine the relevance of perceived risk and protection from infection in relation to depression. cache = ./cache/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342776-hkjhqgie author = Jewett, Anahid title = The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3612 sentences = 159 flesch = 41 summary = While studies on SARS-CoV-2 effects on immune cell function continue to progress, we know very little about the significance of depletion of key immune effectors by the virus in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. It also underscores the necessity for the future comprehensive studies of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and animal models to better understand the role and significance of reported NK cell depletion and functional inactivation in disease morbidity and mortality, in hope to design effective therapeutic interventions for the disease. In particular, in the peripheral blood of patients that were infected with SARS, it was noted that there were significantly lower numbers of natural killer (NK) cells compared to healthy subjects (14) . As mentioned above the infectious agent of COVID-19 disease depletes NK cells in the peripheral blood, and potentially even in the lung tissues of patients, thereby, disabling and depleting the core immune effectors necessary to remove the virus and regulate uncontrolled immune activation. cache = ./cache/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342972-bjv8biop author = Smith, Michael D title = COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3368 sentences = 200 flesch = 46 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic and the global recession it has induced is the most serious crisis in the world economy since the end of the Second World War. Most countries in the world have imported the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus and are now beginning to deal with the societal and economic effects. Higher food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased migration. The effect of the mean prevalence rate and within country distribution of food insecurity on migration behavior in lowand middle-income countries is studied in an unpublished paper by Smith and Wesselbaum (36) , which showed that food insecurity increases international migration flows toward OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and higher within-country dispersion of food insecurity reduces migration. We therefore expect food insecurity to lead to increased migration: rural-urban and international. cache = ./cache/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342888-o7ezn9dd author = Wang, Lei-Yun title = Remdesivir and COVID-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1221 sentences = 75 flesch = 55 summary = Yeming Wang and colleagues 1 reported that the hazard of 28-day clinical improvement for 158 patients with severe COVID-19 randomly assigned to remdesivir was 1·2 times (95% CI 0·9 to 1·8) the hazard of patients randomly assigned to placebo, but the 28-day mortality in both these groups was similar. Additionally, Wang and colleagues 1 report that the effect of remdesivir on clinical improvement appeared stronger among patients who started treatment within 10 days of symptom onset than among those who started later. We appreciate the possible explanation raised by Lei-Yun Wang and colleagues that the genetic backgrounds of patients might be one of the reasons for discrepant results between the Chinese and American remdesivir clinical trials. Whether the different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between China and the USA contribute to the discrepant effect of remdesivir also needs to be confirmed. cache = ./cache/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342919-ls2q1g0v author = Balsamo, Michela title = Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6933 sentences = 327 flesch = 45 summary = In the very early stage of the nationwide lockdown, 3,672 quarantined Italian adult residents (65% females, ranging from 18 to 85 years) participated in a web-based cross-sectional survey, including measures of depressive symptoms, which were measured by the Teate depression inventory, and state anxiety levels. Females, younger people, students, singles, residents in northern Italy, people who were reluctant to adhere to quarantine guidelines, and people less worried about being infected with COVID-19 were at high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic, also after controlling for state anxiety. Research evidence aims of this study were to explore (1) the likely effects of quarantine on mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms), immediately after the nationwide lockdown issued by the Italian Government, and (2) the factors that contribute to, or mitigate, these consequences. Compared to the previous model, no statistical differences were found in sex, age, and adherence level to quarantine guidelines groups when predicting depression symptom severity, when controlling for anxiety (see Appendix A). cache = ./cache/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342974-g6ltr6am author = Hull, S. A. title = Suspected COVID-19 in primary care: how GP records contribute to understanding differences in prevalence by ethnicity. date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3094 sentences = 194 flesch = 57 summary = Design and Setting Cross-sectional study using anonymised data from the primary care records of 1.3 million people registered with 157 practices in four adjacent east London clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). In a fully adjusted analysis, including clinical factors, the odds were: South Asian OR 1.93 (95% CI = 1.83 to 2.04) Black OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.57) Conclusions Using data in GP records Black and south Asian ethnicity remain as predictors of community cases of COVID-19, with levels of risk similar to hospital admission cases. The effect of ethnicity on the likelihood of suspected COVID-19 presentation was examined, adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical factors including long term conditions and BMI. Using patient level data from the GP record this study documents the numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting to practices through the peak of the London epidemic ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343061-4ab7ycwp author = Lakhani, Ali title = Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 672 sentences = 57 flesch = 54 summary = title: Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application The PNAC approach can be applied to support rural health service planners' identification of priority This article is protected by copyright. Rural locations have distinct demographic and health service capacity issues requiring tailored approaches to service delivery. It is expected that future applications of the PNAC method could be of particular benefit to rural service planning in light of COVID-19, as the approach considers both the demographic distribution (for example age) and service capacity issues unique to rural areas. However, it is important that COVID-19 service planning decisions within regions identified via the PNAC method are culturally and contextually appropriate, and they are informed by stakeholders with lived-experience working within identified rural areas. Identifying Priority Rural Areas for COVID-19 Epidoros-V2: A spatial data matrix to inform rehabilitation health service provision. cache = ./cache/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343038-j58f1lwa author = Henry, Brandon Michael title = Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5178 sentences = 341 flesch = 58 summary = title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data To elucidate information, we utilized crowdsourced data to perform a preliminary epidemiologic analysis of pediatric patients with COVID-19 Methods: In this observational study, data was collected from two open-access, line list crowdsourced online databases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884 doi: medRxiv preprint As children and adolescents represent a unique patient group, pediatric specific analyses of epidemiologic data may enable a better understanding of COVID-19 in these patients and provide situational-awareness to the pediatric health community. In this study, we analyzed pediatric cases of COVID-19 outside Hubei province, China collected from two crowdsourced curated individual line list data. In this observational study, we collected data on children and adolescent cases of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 from two open access crowdsourced line list databases sets through March 1, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343018-8ghon5nb author = Rajabally, Yusuf A. title = Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1848 sentences = 106 flesch = 33 summary = Suggested clinical management guidance for incident patients with CIDP, MMN, and anti-MAG neuropathy during the COVID-19 pandemic 11 and its derivative the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS) 12 are easy and rapid to administer. 20 The need for treatment for a newly identified patient with chronic dysimmune neuropathy also concurrently infected by COVID-19 will likely be a rare occurrence, and treatment delay is probably appropriAlso of concern, the infection risk with immunosuppressants probably lasts for several months after interruption (although there are only few studies of single agents used for sufficiently long to confirm this). 42 In the case of patients at high risk of severe infection and death from COVID-19, but who will remain seronegative, the question of when the re-implementation of routine face-to-face consultations, usual hospital or infusion center treatment and use of immune suppressive therapies, particularly corticosteroids, will become safe again, is, disturbingly, unanswered. cache = ./cache/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342857-vj6sw2ne author = McCullough, Peter A. title = Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2215 sentences = 120 flesch = 39 summary = In the absence of clinical trial results, physicians must use what has been learned about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in determining early outpatient treatment of the illness with the aim of preventing hospitalization or death. Thus, in the context of present knowledge, given the severity of the outcomes and the relative availability, cost, and toxicity of the therapy, each physician and patient must make a choice: watchful waiting in self-quarantine or empiric treatment with the aim of reducing hospitalization and death. (10) For the ambulatory patient with recognized early signs and symptoms of COVID-19, often with nasal real-time reverse transcription or oral antigen testing pending, the following four principles could be deployed in a layered and escalating manner depending on clinical manifestations of COVID-19 like illness(11) and confirmed infection: 1) reduction of reinoculation, 2) combination antiviral therapy, 3) immunomodulation, 4) antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343072-3wuh6k6g author = Dong, Mengying title = Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3321 sentences = 212 flesch = 50 summary = title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling (9) and Md Mahbub Hossain MBBS (10) have performed bibliometric analysis to evaluate the scientific literature on coronavirus infections as well as COVID-19, basing on indicators such as the number of articles, the productivity of authors, geographic distribution of articles and prominent keywords. The purpose of this work was to conduct LDA modeling for semantic and quantitative evaluations of the current status of literature on CoV infections as well as COVID-19, identify broad research topics and how these topics interact with one another. We found that topics of clinical characterization, epidemiology, and virus transmission are hotspots for COVID-19 at present, while research on pathogenesis, therapeutics, virus diagnostics, vaccines and viral genomics are urgently needed. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 total, 1,482 articles were identified as COVID-19-related research. cache = ./cache/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343052-dc9s2rau author = Murgo, Salvatore title = Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1872 sentences = 139 flesch = 46 summary = title: Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report BACKGROUND: We found no data in the literature on the embolization of the bronchial arteries in the context of hemoptysis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of coronavirus-19 pneumonia, our experience suggests that the treatment of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation is feasible and effective. Pulmonary bleeding seems to be an atypical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as COVID-19associated haemoptysis has rarely been reported in the literature (Lapostolle et al. In this context, we hypothesised that the lifethreatening haemoptysis presented by our patient was consecutive to severe lung damage induced by SARS-CoV-2 combined with the anticoagulant effect of UNFH therapy, resulting in peripheral bronchial artery damage. Our experience suggests that the embolisation of bronchial arteries is feasible and may help control bleeding in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with life-threatening haemoptysis. cache = ./cache/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author = Senger, Mario Roberto title = COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16108 sentences = 1024 flesch = 51 summary = Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. In the following topic, we will review SARS-CoV-2 structure and mechanism of infection in order to discuss molecular targets from the virus or its human host that are being considered for drug repurposing and perhaps future development of new drugs. (128) Its role as a functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in host cells makes this protein a potential drug target to treat COVID-19. (138) TMPRSS2 has a major role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, and thus represents an interesting therapeutic target since its inhibitors could potentially block virus infection in its initial stages. (199) A robust preclinical drug discovery pipeline comprising in vitro, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important to identify new antivirals for human COVID-19 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342929-y8857da3 author = Desai, Urvi title = Guidance for Resumption of Routine Electrodiagnostic Testing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1367 sentences = 114 flesch = 58 summary = The resumption of non‐urgent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing faces unique challenges due to the long duration of the procedure and direct close contact with patients, including studies with risk of exposure to oropharyngeal secretions. We provide consensus guidance for resumption of EDX testing, addressing scheduling, patient arrival and registration, use of personal protective equipment, COVID‐19 screening and testing, the performance of EDX in outpatient and inpatient settings, cleaning and maintenance of the EDX equipment and laboratory, balancing trainee safety and training requirements, and patient care issues. The goals of this consensus guidance are to minimize disease transmission in patients and healthcare personnel (HCP), to identify and appropriately triage persons with possible COVID-19 infections, and to balance efficient use of PPE with protecting HCP, while providing EDX services to patients. In response to member requests, the AANEM Quality and Patient Safety Committee (QPSC) developed this practice guidance for resumption of routine EDX services in the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343073-lwbddab2 author = Antiporta, D. A. title = Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers. date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4991 sentences = 282 flesch = 46 summary = The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including implementing virtual based interventions, bolstering community-based mental health networks, and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Outpatient services challenges included the limited capacity of health services to use virtual/telemedicine platforms to provide care to specific populations, i.e., elderly people, and indigenous communities, or to disseminate key messages and relevant information through mass media. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343186-gsojxjp9 author = Tang, Jieying title = Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID‐19 patients with pressure ulcer date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 469 sentences = 45 flesch = 54 summary = 1,2 As we know, the development of a pressure ulcer is a complex process that requires the application of external force to the skin (such as sacrum and ischium) and host-specific factors, especially in the patients over age 65 years old and with critical ill condition. The most important risk factors include immobility and reduced perfusion which are also the features of critical ill COVID-19 patients. For patients with stage II or above pressure ulcers, the costs of medical resource increases significantly in our hospital. In addition, diarrhoea is one of the common (2%-49.5%) symptoms of COVID-19, 3 and could also contribute to the occurrence of sacral pressure ulcer in ICU patients. 3 Therefore, how we can primarily prevent and appropriately manage the COVID-19 patients in ICU with pressure ulcer is an important issue. Pressure ulcers in intensive care patients: a review of risks and prevention cache = ./cache/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343093-qjg5az3d author = Irie, Kei title = Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2353 sentences = 145 flesch = 55 summary = We measured the serum concentration of FPV using high‐performance liquid chromatography in patients with severe COVID‐19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on mechanical ventilation. FPV trough concentration in critically ill patients was much lower than that of healthy subjects in a previous clinical trial, which is a cause for great concern. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU on mechanical ventilation and administered FPV tablets (AVIGAN ® tablet 200 mg, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) between May 19, 2020 and April 16, 2020 in Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital were eligible for this observational study. In the present study, we evaluated FPV serum concentrations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU and required mechanical ventilation. Previous studies on oral drug formulations report decreased concentration when administered through nasogastric tube in critically ill patients (18, 19) . cache = ./cache/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343127-n3fs8ph8 author = Pousa, Pedro A. title = Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5503 sentences = 318 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19, as well as to discuss clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of these clinical presentations in children. In addition, epithelial cells of the small intestine is another tissue that highly express ACE2 in cell membrane, [42] creating another potential region for SARS-CoV-2 infection and enteric manifestations of COVID-19. Hence, the present authors speculate that, although children and adults have similar rates of GI symptoms, children GI symptoms are usually associated as a primary response of SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to this minor expression of ACE2, and represent milder symptoms. Children are susceptible to liver injury, as shown by a meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients reporting that 9% (35/290) presented increased ALT and 18% (58/280), high levels of AST. Therefore, children might present less severe cases of kidney injury associated with COVID-19 due to this greater expression of AT2R than adults. cache = ./cache/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343168-gphud9yx author = Alyami, H. S. title = Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3856 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = title: Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between March 27 th and April 27 th , 2020, to explore depression and anxiety among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously validated assessment scales, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety among the study participants. The prevalence rate of moderate-to-severe depression symptoms in this study seems to be considerably higher than that of those reported by the Chinese study that included 1210 respondents during the COVID-19 outbreak (16.5%) whereas comparable rates for anxiety were noted (28.8%) [3] . Further, the study of Wang et al (2020) revealed that the female gender was significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and had higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05) (3) . cache = ./cache/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343090-dsjq98ks author = Fragkou, Paraskevi C. title = Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2027 sentences = 153 flesch = 46 summary = OBJECTIVES: We summarised all registered clinical trials examining treatment and prevention options for COVID-19. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Registered clinical trials examining treatment and/or prevention options for COVID-19 were included. property to achieve at least 10-fold higher concentrations in epithelial lung fluid than in 202 serum, have led researchers to repurpose them against SARS-CoV-2 (Table 1, Table S1 observations the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone is being evaluated in at least three randomised 215 clinical trials for its efficacy in the prevention of post-COVID-19 pneumonia fibrosis (Table 216 1, Table S1 ). Among the eligible treatment studies, 310 children recruitment (i.e.< 14 years old) was reported in 7 clinical trials in total: 1 testing 311 darunavir with cobicistat (NCT04252274); 2 on human stem cells transfusion 312 (ChiCTR2000029606, ChiCTR2000030944); 1 testing hydroxycholoroquine (EudraCT 313 Phase IV and phase III treatment trials were the most commonly reported interventional study 319 types (n=40, 20% and n=35, 18% respectively) as demonstrated in Table 3 . cache = ./cache/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343087-vnvlnxnq author = Vacanti, Gaetano title = Reduced rate of admissions for acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational analysis from a tertiary hospital in Germany date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2868 sentences = 126 flesch = 44 summary = The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. The design of the present study is an observational, retrospective analysis of urgent visits and admissions to the authors' emergency cardiology department with ACS during the COVID-19 crisis as compared to equivalent periods in the previous years. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. cache = ./cache/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343027-ks3fn9pq author = Fraser, Nicholas title = Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5707 sentences = 324 flesch = 56 summary = When the data was broken down by server, it 132 was evident that whilst posting of COVID-19 preprints to bioRxiv had remained relatively steady, 133 preprints posted to medRxiv increased with time (Supplemental Fig. 2A) . Server usage differences were more pronounced 237 for COVID-19 preprints; multiple post-hoc comparisons confirmed that bioRxiv and medRxiv received 238 significantly higher usage per COVID-19 preprint than all other servers for which data was available 239 (Tukey HSD; all p values < 0.001). However, for non COVID-19 preprints, the only observed pairwise 240 differences between servers indicated greater bioRxiv usage than SSRN or Research Square (Tukey 241 HSD; all p values < 0.001). We also compared rates of PDF downloads for bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints 506 with a number of other preprint servers (Preprints.org, SSRN, and Research Square) (Supplemental Counts of multiple altmetric indicators (mentions in tweets, blogs, and news articles) were retrieved 510 via Altmetric (https://www.altmetric.com), a service that monitors and aggregates mentions to 511 scientific articles on various online platforms. cache = ./cache/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343021-gqem6bxj author = Allam, Zaheer title = Oil, Health Equipment, and Trade: Revisiting Political Economy and International Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6023 sentences = 260 flesch = 55 summary = The disruptions came just when the consumer demand for different products in other countries from different parts of the world was on a high and rising as depicted in a "United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)" report showing that exports in 2019 grew by 9.7% in 2018, with China being the world's leading merchandise trader of the year (UNCTAD, 2020). In other countries such as the United States, it was reported that the government was prompted to force, through an executive order, major companies such as General Motors (GM) to produce ventilators to help bridge the gap that the increasing confirmed cases for coronavirus created (Haynes, 2020) . In other places, such as in the oil-producing countries, including the United States, the impacts of COVID-19 on different economic sectors such as transport and manufacturing saw the demand for oil and oil products plummeting in rates not experienced in recent history. cache = ./cache/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343122-lppdauei author = Ribeiro, Helena title = Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil? date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2481 sentences = 134 flesch = 43 summary = The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. (Isaia and Medico, 2020, p.1) a Reference studies show the role of optimal vitamin D levels in the prevention and control of severe respiratory infections. 12 hypothesize that supplementation with vitamin D, to increase concentrations in the general population, above 38 ng/ml, would result in significant health benefit, by reducing the burden of viral infections of the respiratory tract in healthy adults living in temperate climates. Adequate vitamin D status may play a role in prevention and management of respiratory tract infections, which might include the Covid-19 pandemic, especially among the older population and health professionals worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343100-cljfh8es author = Chakraborty, Parthasarathi title = Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO(2)) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3483 sentences = 173 flesch = 52 summary = This study has shown strong positive correlation between the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and both the absolute number of COVID-19 deaths (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and case fatality rate (r = 0.74, p < 0.05) in India. The data (used in this study) related to atmospheric pollutants and the COVID-19 pandemic were obtained from online resources (Central control room for air quality management-all India and https ://www.covid 19ind ia.org/ respectively). The concentration of surface atmospheric pollutants from 207 stations of 128 cities distributed all over India (as shown in Fig. 1) were obtained from the website of Central Control Room for Air Quality Management (https ://app.cpcbc cr.com/ccr). However, increasing concentration of atmospheric NO 2 , showed a strong positive correlation with the number of COVID-19 deaths and the COVID-19 CFR in different states of India ( Fig. 2a and b) . cache = ./cache/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343082-46lo7xtx author = Awasthi, Ankit title = OUTBREAK of novel corona virus disease (COVID-19): Antecedence and aftermath date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3945 sentences = 225 flesch = 46 summary = Studies also confirm that flu shots are not efficient in the fight against COVID-19 as the patients continue to suffer despite the treatment (https://www.wsj.com/articles/gilead-sciences-offers-experimental-drug-for-coronavirustreatments-testing-11580511519).In the meantime, Thai health officials claimed to have successfully handled the infection with acocktail of antiviral drugs that include lopinavir and ritonavir under the name "Kaetra" along with flu medication oseltamivir. In 2016, this drug was used as an emergency aid for the Ebola virus outbreak.A clinical trial involving 80 participants (in Shenzhen city) demonstrated chest symptoms improvement in patients of COVID-19 treated with favipiravir. Favipiravirhas been reported to be effective, without any obvious side-effects, in helping coronavirus patients recover.In another study carried out in China, two mild and two severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients were treated with combined Western and Chinese medicine treatment (Lopinavir/ritonavir/arbidol/ShufengJiedu Capsule). In recent clinical studies the use of steroidal drug Dexamethasone has been very effective to treat patients suffering from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343183-5jlnw6e0 author = Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri title = Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schools date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2647 sentences = 135 flesch = 44 summary = In Brazil, administrative data indicate the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on this downward trend, which was already an important challenge of the National Immunization Program in recent years. In 2020, due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), face-to-face attendance in health services dropped dramatically in many countries; this included child vaccination, given the measures of social distancing to mitigate viral transmission [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least 80 million children will be susceptible to immunopreventable diseases such as measles, diphtheria and polio because of the decrease in vaccination coverage during the covid-19 pandemic 29 . The pandemic of the new coronavirus has challenged health systems around the world in providing essential services, including immunization programs, as routine vaccination and mass vaccination campaigns could contribute to the spread of covid-19 32 . cache = ./cache/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343249-npk92gra author = Hastie, C. E. title = Short Communication: Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 995 sentences = 62 flesch = 49 summary = We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 mortality, and inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection, in UK Biobank participants. Conclusions Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. 2 Despite the sparse evidence on vitamin D in COVID-19, 3 the UK government is now leading an urgent review into whether there is any link, 4 and the Welsh COVID-19 risk assessment tool already includes vitamin D supplementation as part of its recommendations. 6 Lower vitamin D concentration and vitamin D deficiency were both associated with higher risk of COVID-19 death univariably, but not after adjustment for potential confounders. Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with risk of COVID-19 death univariably or multivariably. Again, vitamin D concentration and vitamin D deficiency were associated with COVID-19 infection univariably but not multivariably (Table) . cache = ./cache/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343325-cbrly7f5 author = Denault, André Y. title = A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4025 sentences = 255 flesch = 45 summary = title: A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure We propose a management algorithm that combines the respiratory rate and oxygenation index with bedside lung ultrasound examination and monitoring that could help determine earlier the requirement for intubation and other surveillance of COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. His phenotype changed from an H-type to an (D) L-type (courtesy of Dr. Emmanuel Charbonney and Dr. Lawrence Leroux) Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 respiratory failure therapy with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with an increased fraction of inspired oxygen (F I O 2 ). 51 Lung ultrasound can also impact clinical decision-making in patients with acute respiratory failure 52, 53 and provide comprehensive monitoring of regional lung aeration changes that could be used to predict response to prone positioning with improved right (Figs 6 and 7) [54] [55] [56] or higher positive end-expiratory pressure strategy. cache = ./cache/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author = Chiara, Berardi title = The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5894 sentences = 328 flesch = 51 summary = Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). This section considers various interventions such as measures to contain the spread of the virus, policies for prevention and cure, interventions for economic stimulus, and the introduction of new health technology. This section describes the policy implemented by the government to cope with the limited capacity of the health care system and the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant technological interventions seemed to be far from having any impact on the outcomes considered (daily number of reported deaths and ICU saturation) due to delayed implementation (see Figure 10 in the appendix). cache = ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343252-mtcqawxc author = Ruggieri, P. title = COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2890 sentences = 148 flesch = 51 summary = title: COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova CONCLUSIONS: Extensive swab test of all people (even if asymptomatic) and proactive tracing and quarantining of potential COVID-19 positive patients may diminish the virus spread. On the contrary, in Lombardia, swab tests were performed only in severe symptomatic cases, increasing the risk that asymptomatic patients (possibly COVID-19 positive) could spread the virus in the community. We feel that, if the COVID-19 pandemic persists, in every single hospital, it could be possible to continue the orthopedic surgical activity and also to restart elective surgery [16] , using a strategy that implies testing all the healthcare staff and all the patients (possibly before the admission or surgical treatment). Extensive swab test of all people (even if asymptomatic), and a proactive tracing and quarantining of potential COVID-19 positive patients may diminish the virus spread. cache = ./cache/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343322-vx3lub3s author = LUBANSU, Alphonse title = Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 284 sentences = 26 flesch = 54 summary = key: cord-343322-vx3lub3s title: Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". cord_uid: vx3lub3s for their interest and valuable questions regarding our recently published paper "COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center". We noted and appreciated that the protocol and workflow for the management of neurosurgical patients that we applied at the early onset of the COVID 19 pandemic, at our institute, seems to be also effectively applied in larger and different countries such as India. On pandemics: the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of neurosurgery Preliminary Recommendations for Surgical Practice of Neurosurgery Department in the Central Epidemic Area of 2019 Coronavirus Infection Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response Countries where Coronavirus has spread -Worldometer cache = ./cache/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343201-98scxky8 author = Thibault, Ronan title = How the Covid-19 epidemic is challenging our practice in clinical nutrition—feedback from the field date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5814 sentences = 275 flesch = 40 summary = Therefore Covid-19 patients are at high risk of being malnourished, making the prevention of malnutrition and the nutritional management key aspects of care. In the Chinese experience, up to 30% of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU) [2] . Covid-19 patients should be considered at high risk of malnutrition [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] , like in other severe respiratory infections characterized by: inflammatory syndrome and hypercatabolism, increased energy expenditure linked to ventilation work [5, 6] . Altogether, these data suggest that, in patients infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus, insufficient nutritional intake could lead to rapid degradation of the intestinal barrier function, of muscle functional capacities, and of immune response, which could thus favor secondary onset of signs of severity and progression to ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343333-4krrmjio author = Salazar, Martín title = COVID-19, Hipertensión y Enfermedad cardiovascular date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 249 flesch = 52 summary = Las comunicaciones provenientes de China en el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 mostraron una marcada asociación de los casos severos y la mortalidad con la edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la diabetes. Las estimaciones de China coinciden con estos datos: que mientras la mortalidad sin comorbilidades fue de 0,9%, se incrementó a 10,5% con enfermedad Page 4 of 13 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 cardiovascular, 6,3% con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, 6% con hipertensión arterial y 5,6% con cáncer. En el reporte Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), con datos al 28 de marzo, 78% de los pacientes internados en terapia intensiva por COVID-19 tenían comorbilidades, las más frecuentes eran la enfermedad cardiovascular (29%) y la enfermedad pulmonar crónica (21%). peor evolución del COVID-19, encontrando que la prevalencia de esta patología entre quienes fallecen o requieren cuidados críticos debido a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 es elevada, rondando entre un 7,5 y 39,5%, según los distintos reportes. cache = ./cache/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343382-3pzvirdg author = Ierardi, Anna Maria title = Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 625 sentences = 40 flesch = 39 summary = title: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization Anticoagulants have therefore become part of the medical therapy in hospitalized patients, and this may increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding. We describe the technical and clinical success as well as the safety profile of transarterial embolization (TAE) in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) bleedings in patients with COVID-19. Clinical success was defined as the achievement of hemostasis, associated with hemodynamic stability, without rebleeding or related mortality within 30 days after embolization. Recently, other cases of GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 have been reported (4) . TAE in the management of GI bleedings is feasible, safe, and effective even in patients with COVID-19. Heparin-related major bleeding in covid-19-positive patient: Perspective from the outbreak Spontaneous bleedings in COVID-19 patients: An emerging complication Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343414-2embihmf author = Wagner, Aaron B. title = Social distancing merely stabilized COVID‐19 in the US date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4239 sentences = 229 flesch = 59 summary = Using the earlier of K‐12 school closures and restaurant closures, by state, to define the start of the intervention, and considering daily confirmed cases through April 23rd, 2020, we find that social distancing is associated with a statistically‐significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the doubling rate for all states except for Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota, when controlling for false discovery, with the doubling rate averaged across the states falling from 0.302 (0.285, 0.320) days(‐1) to 0.010 (‐0.007, 0.028) days(‐1). We focus on estimating the doubling rate, β, measured in inverse days, of new infections across the fifty states and the District of Columbia 1 , both before and after the intervention. This study finds that the social distancing measures enacted in the US are associated with a significant decrease in the doubling rate of COVID-19 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343219-0dwyv1vk author = Gellin, Bruce title = Why vaccine rumours stick—and getting them unstuck date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1938 sentences = 91 flesch = 56 summary = Why vaccine rumours stick-and getting them unstuck Infectious diseases have long shaped human history, from the plague of Athens (430-427 BCE) that killed around a third of the Athenian population, the Black Death in the 14th century that killed about 30-60% of all Europeans, and the 1918-19 influenza pandemic that took the lives of at least 50 million people globally. As only population-wide immunity will end the pandemic, there has been an unprecedented effort to rapidly develop safe and effective vaccines that can be deployed globally. Although many other measures-eg, surveillance, testing, contact tracing, isolation, quarantine, physical distancing, handwashing, provision of PPE, investments in resilient health and social care systems and research, and socioeconomic support, among others-are key elements in the COVID-19 response, a longer-term goal is the possibility of population-level immunity from a vaccine. But hope is not a strategy and there is a need to address the complex challenges related to vaccine hesitancy that Larson's book illuminates. cache = ./cache/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343490-94vkfrtw author = Handaya, Adeodatus Yuda title = Covid-19 mimicking symptoms in emergency gastrointestinal surgery cases during pandemic: a case series date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 103 flesch = 53 summary = All patients need to be examined for COVID-19, including in digestive surgery emergency cases. In this paper, we report four digestive surgery emergency cases with clinical and radiological findings similar to COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: We report four digestive surgery emergency cases admitted with fever and cough symptoms. DISCUSSION: For all four cases, the surgeries were done with strict COVID-19 protocol which included patient screening, examination, laboratory assessment, rapid test screening, and RT-PCR testing. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the ways patients are admitted and treated, including in emergency digestive surgery cases. In this paper, we aimed to report four digestive surgery emergency cases admitted with fever and cough symptoms, mimicking COVID-19. We report four cases of emergency digestive surgery cases with COVID-19 symptoms of cough and fever. Emergency surgery in digestive surgery cases with COVID-19 signs and symptoms can be done with strict examination, assessment, and protocol. cache = ./cache/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343389-n276aksa author = Lades, Leonhard K. title = Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3213 sentences = 163 flesch = 50 summary = Aspects of everyday life associated with reduced positive and reduced negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic include the following: Time spent outdoors; Exercising; Going for a walk; Gardening; Taking care of children; and Engaging in in-person social interactions with friends. Aspects of everyday life associated with reduced positive and raised negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic include the following: Being at work; Home-schooling children; Obtaining information about COVID-19; Work-related social interactions; and Interactions with one's spouse or significant other. Drawing on the DRM, we estimated how affective experiences are associated with daily activities, time spent indoors/outdoors, and social interaction during the pandemic with a view to providing evidence to inform academic and policy debates on how the emotional consequences of self-isolation measures may be mitigated or exacerbated. In line with prior research (Bryson & MacKerron, 2017) , time spent in work-related personal or remote interactions was linked to reduced positive and increased negative affect (see Figure 1 and Table S2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author = Bhaskar, Sonu title = Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9169 sentences = 440 flesch = 34 summary = Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American College of Cardiology urgently updated its guidance on "Telehealth: Rapid Implementation for Your Cardiology Clinic, " in which it encouraged remote monitoring and virtual visits of patients with cardiac problems (16) . A program developed in Germany known as TRANSIT-stroke, in which rural hospitals established a telemedicine network, saw an improvement in patient outcomes as neurological assessment was made faster, treatments were issued within the required timeframe, and 24 h neurologist access was enabled (27) . The rapid move by various bodies, associations, and providers to use telemedicine in maintaining patient continuity while limiting COVID-19 risks of exposure to patients and healthcare workers will have a long-term impact well-beyond the current pandemic. Key Strategies for clinical management and improvement of healthcare services for cardiovascular disease and diabetes patients in the coronavirus (COVID-19) settings: recommendations from the REPROGRAM consortium cache = ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343330-wuzts3mt author = Ramos da Silva, S. title = Broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism and immunopathology in lung tissues from fatal COVID-19 date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3447 sentences = 229 flesch = 56 summary = Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prominently manifests with pulmonary symptoms histologically reflected by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), excess inflammation, pneumocyte hyperplasia and proliferation, and formation of platelet aggregates or thromboemboli. Methods We performed multicolor staining for viral proteins, and lineage cell markers to identify SARS-CoV-2 tropism and to define the lung pathobiology in postmortem tissues from five patients with fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of lung tissues from healthy 120 subjects have revealed that many cell types express SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor and 121 cofactors including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine 122 protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and furin, that are involved in viral entry, suggesting 123 susceptibility of these cells to infection. 7-10 Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis of 124 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, oropharyngeal or lung tissues from COVID-125 19 patients has identified different types of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, including 126 macrophages, neutrophils, type II pneumocytes (AT2), and ciliated and endothelial 127 cells. cache = ./cache/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343502-1n0o4akm author = Chen, Zhang-Ren title = Pharmacotherapics Advice in Guidelines for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4051 sentences = 216 flesch = 48 summary = SARS-CoV-2 (previously termed 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV), a virus that causes COVID-19, likely initially transmitted from bat to human (Gorbalenya et al., 2020) , infected over 6 million people worldwide from its outbreak in December 2019 to May 2020 (China CDC, 2020; WHO, 2020a) . China, Italy, Germany, the ATS (American Thoracic Society), the SSC (Surviving Sepsis Campaign), the NIH (National Institutes of Health), the IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America), and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) released guidelines and recommended several medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 (Table 1) . The majority of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus drugs are adopted from the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): alpha-interferon, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin. The guideline from Italy recommended remdesivir (Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases SECTION, 2020), and the FDA approved emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 (FDA, 2020). cache = ./cache/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343449-4uxwojzo author = The Gibraltar COVID-19 Research Group Health Systems, title = Oxygen and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative analysis of supplemental oxygen policies and health outcomes across 26 countries. date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3912 sentences = 217 flesch = 48 summary = Methods Three independent investigators searched for, identified and extracted the nationally recommended target oxygen levels for the commencement of oxygen in COVID-19 pneumonia from the 29 worst affected countries. We then applied linear regression analysis to examine for potential association between national targets for the commencement of oxygen and case fatality rates. Whilst none of the studies analysed in the IOTA metaanalysis related to pneumonia, and the majority of studies examined oxygen as a treatment not as a means to correct hypoxia, the authors suggest optimal target SpO2 for all acute medical patients might be 94-96% [12] . In this situation, where the national guideline target SpO2 is part of an overall strategy of avoiding admissions, then whilst it does remain likely conservative oxygen approaches do contribute to higher mortality, there may also be contribution of other policies. There is clear disparity between national guidelines for target oxygen saturations (SpO2) in COVID-19 across the countries analysed here, and such disparity is associated with national case fatality rates (CFR). cache = ./cache/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343530-3fnfs2e5 author = Leung, T.Y. title = Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2646 sentences = 130 flesch = 48 summary = Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women's representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. The authors begin with an extensive review of the relevant literature to develop a conceptual model and specific hypotheses about the impact of gender equity and human development on women's representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and the combined impact of public health expenditure along with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343415-lj2trn85 author = Del Barba, Paolo title = COVID‐19 cardiac involvement in a 38‐day old infant date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 996 sentences = 61 flesch = 47 summary = We report the case of an infant who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and developed mild cardiovascular inflammation, a novelty for patients of very young age, that contributes to defining the puzzling nature of this disease in pediatric patients. 1 COVID-19 may indeed have cardiac complications, including myocarditis, 2 and up to 31% of children have myocardial enzyme elevation, mainly creatine kinase MB, despite no specific sign or symptom of clinical cardiac disease. For the first time, we report the case of an infant affected by COVID-19 with documented mild cardiac involvement. The chest computed tomograpghy scan was not performed, thus avoiding the exposure to Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement should always be taken into account also in children; while our case was mild, it might be of concern especially in patients with other underlying conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343472-fd34ls35 author = Tersalvi, Gregorio title = Emerging evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19: A path through the smoke date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 966 sentences = 55 flesch = 42 summary = In a situation such as the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, where healthcare resources are placed under enormous stress, readily available tests such as this play an important role in helping clinicians identify patients at greater risk of developing severe forms of the disease, and should be included in the initial triage panel. Their value as prognostic markers in COVID-19 has been shown by several studies, since patients with higher troponin levels were more likely to be admitted to intensive care [8] and showed higher in-hospital mortality [2, 4, 6] . The Authors confirmed the known correlation between cardiac troponin and disease severity and showed a greater mortality in patients with elevated hs-cTnI levels. Given the accumulating evidence, a cardiac troponin assay should be included in the laboratory triage panel of patients with suspected of confirmed COVID-19, along with inflammatory and coagulation cascade activation markers (i.e. d-dimer), as it may help clinicians identify those who portend a higher risk of developing severe forms of the disease. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; hs-cTnI: high sensitivity cardiac troponin I. cache = ./cache/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343601-po9br5zm author = Wang, Gan-Yi title = Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4764 sentences = 235 flesch = 47 summary = title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. The elderly population need higher dependency and physical and emotional care, especially for those with chronic health conditions, lack of psychologically supportive environment and caregiving can lead to feelings of hopelessness and loneliness [19] [20] [21] [22] . In this study, we adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Notably, the percentage of the perceived hopelessness, loneliness, and depression was comparatively higher among women than among men, implying that gender-gradient in the vulnerability to mental health implications of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343566-epvswt7f author = Wang, Zhao-Hua title = Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Designated ICU: Clinical Features and Predictors for Mortality date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3291 sentences = 198 flesch = 50 summary = CONCLUSION: Critically ill COVID-19 patients aged higher than 70, arrhythmia, or a SOFA score above 4 have a high risk of mortality, and need prior medical intervention. In the present study, we present details of 59 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Caidian Branch of Tongji Hospital, and then identified prognostic factors for mortality of these critically ill patients. 3, 4 According to the WHO interim guidance and Diagnostic and Treatment Program of COVID-19 (Version 7.0) published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, all patients were diagnosed with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection who required mechanical ventilation, had inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO₂) ≥60%, or had the shock or organ failure. cache = ./cache/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343452-4m0ub9iv author = Barkama, Ravit title = Placenta-Derived Cell Therapy to Treat Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4246 sentences = 231 flesch = 48 summary = OBJECTIVES: To determine whether placental cell therapy PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (Pluristem Therapeutics, Haifa, Israel) may be beneficial to treating critically ill patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Retrospective case report of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD from March 26, 2020, to April 4, 2020, with follow-up through May 2, 2020. Herein, we report the outcome of treating eight patients suffering from respiratory failure and ARDS due to COVID-19 with human placenta-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (PLX-PAD). In this case series, eight patients critically ill due to COVID-19 were treated with PLX-PAD, a placenta-derived mesenchymallike cell therapy. In this preliminary uncontrolled case series of eight critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, administration of PLX-PAD, a placenta-derived cell therapy, was followed by an overall improvement in the clinical status of most patients. cache = ./cache/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343357-5nhyumxl author = Heegaard, Peter M. H. title = Animal Models for COVID-19: More to the Picture Than ACE2, Rodents, Ferrets, and Non-human Primates. A Case for Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus and the Obese Ossabaw Pig date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 180 flesch = 46 summary = We urge considering infection with porcine respiratory coronavirus of metabolic syndrome pigs, such as the obese Ossabaw pig, as a highly relevant animal model of severe COVID-19. Cytokine storm in the lungs and inflammation are suggested as essential for the escalating and prolonged lung disease observed in severely affected COVID-19 patients, as is also the case for other severe human coronavirus infections like SARS and MERS (Mehta et al., 2020) . We hypothesize that disease severity will increase in obese Ossabaw pigs infected with PRCV compared to pigs of normal weight, and hence will constitute a useful model for severe COVID-19 in humans at risk due to metabolic syndrome associated comorbidities, including aged individuals. With the added benefit of being a well-described pig-specific virus (with no rigorous biosafety demands), we suggest that the obese pig affected by the metabolic syndrome will constitute a highly human-translatable animal model having the potential to significantly facilitate and accelerate SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 research. cache = ./cache/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343637-3g4tosjx author = Tumlinson, Anne title = Post‐Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID‐19 World date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2837 sentences = 146 flesch = 42 summary = For example, SNFs take a high portion of post-acute discharges for rehabilitative care, and they also serve as the nursing home residence for a very frail population that lives in these facilities for long periods of time. Despite these flexibilities, the potential for COVID-19 infection of buildings and post-acute care workers (whose access to PPE is much lower than in hospital settings) continues to pose significant and growing public health threats that hamper the ability of post-acute providers to help address hospital capacity constraints. Given the ongoing risk of inundation at hospitals, with the concomitant demand to identify alternative settings of care for noninfectious patients displaced by COVID-19 patients, public health professionals should be considering how to ensure optimal use of post-acute care resources. Local public health leaders must also identify post-acute care options for COVID-19-positive patients. cache = ./cache/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343553-07c9ec2b author = Radfar, S. R. title = Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6523 sentences = 367 flesch = 46 summary = Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. cache = ./cache/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343589-9okzwtci author = Mantero, Vittorio title = Assessing the susceptibility to acute respiratory illness COVID-19-related in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2201 sentences = 112 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of the clinical presentations suggestive for COVID-19 infection among patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the province of Lecco, in the North Italy, the closest province capital to Bergamo. Here, we describe a cross-sectional study performed in Lecco, the closest province capital to Bergamo, to analyze the incidence of the clinical presentations suggestive for COVID-19 infection among patients with MS and describe the association of demographics, clinical characteristics, and use of DMTs with the risk of developing COVID-19. To determine if any DMT category was independently associated with the COVID-19-suspect status, we used a multivariable logistic regression model with COVID-19-suspect status as the outcome, DMT categories (categorized as immune cell depleting medications, immune-cell trafficking inhibitors, other DMTs, and no DMT) as the predictor, and adjusted for the following covariates: age, sex, MS type, disease duration, EDSS, report of a recent contact a patient with COVID-19 diagnosis, and the report of a recent contact a patient with respiratory symptoms.. cache = ./cache/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343622-5270vdkr author = Bowman, Deborah title = American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3140 sentences = 170 flesch = 42 summary = • Screening of patients, visitors, and staff for symptoms of COVID-19 • Ensuring availability of and education about appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for various clinical scenarios, and strategizing with key personnel in the supply chain to avoid interruptions in provision of PPE and cleaning supplies (hand and surface disinfectants, soap, etc.) • Developing strict policies and procedures for isolation and quarantine after potential exposures • Providing robust educational materials about hand washing and other strategies to prevent transmission of infection • Separating patients with respiratory symptoms • Rescheduling elective, low-priority procedures and surgeries • Modifying workflows, processes, and making infrastructure adjustments to minimize face-to-face encounters at each possible point of contact while maintaining a satisfying patient experience • Limiting visits by people at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure (e.g., group residential settings, nursing home residents, etc.) • Providing easy access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and resources with up-todate information about the pandemic and any changes to institutional policies • Leveraging telehealth technologies for virtual inpatient and outpatient encounters and adapting coding and billing processes. cache = ./cache/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343619-vk3p72ze author = Vaish, Abhishek title = COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 555 sentences = 35 flesch = 54 summary = title: COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons We congratulate authors for bringing out the most comprehensive review article on COVID-19 and orthopaedic surgeons [1] . 1. The authors have provided the 'Dos' and 'Don'ts' for the orthopaedic surgeons and have rightly emphasized that minimum required members of the surgical team should be present inside the operation theatre. We agree with the authors that the effective use of remote technologies [4] like telemedicine, virtual means of education and knowledge sharing, and utilization of this 'golden time' for research and publication are some of the positives of this pandemic for healthcare providers like ourselves. Research and publications during this pandemic have seen an unprecedented surge [5] , globally. COVID-19: Current knowledge and best practices for orthopaedic surgeons COVID-19 and Orthopaedic surgeon: The Indian scenario Revisiting conservative orthopaedic management of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 and remote consulting strategies in the management of trauma and orthopaedics cache = ./cache/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343422-910zswy0 author = Bressy, Silvia title = Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1258 sentences = 58 flesch = 53 summary = title: Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience The clinical criteria for hospital admission of COVID-19 severe pneumonia include high fever above 38°C, respiratory rate above 20 breaths/minute, heart rate above 100 beats/minute and oxygen saturation below 94% (according to the World Health Organization data, UK NHS guidance, Chinese (4) and Italian experience). (3) in the UK, Kidd (6) in Australia and John (7) in India, the use of telemedicine consultation and the help of technology, has allowed us to monitor in an efficient way our patients at home, reducing inappropriate hospitalization and referring them to a hospital only when necessary. On the basis of our experience we can conclude that the technological support and the remote approach are essentials in COVID-19 primary care assessment and it would be advisable for everybody around the world to have up to date smartphone applications (that are cheap, easy to use and widespread also in resource limited settings (7)) or technological gadgets if medical tools are not easily available. cache = ./cache/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343535-r8rsbfs3 author = Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman title = Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2318 sentences = 138 flesch = 57 summary = This is the first study that has endeavoured to explore the design and fabrication of an antiviral face mask using licorice root extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhizin (GL). Theoretical estimation signifies that an 85 L/min rate of airflow through the face mask is possible which ensures good breathability over an extensive range of pressure drops and pore sizes. Finally, it can be concluded that licorice root membrane may be used to produce a biobased face mask to control COVID-19 spread. No study on the development of biobased face masks using licorice root membrane was found in the literature. In this paper, we have proposed the potential of the licorice root membrane as a nanofiber that can be used in the production of a face mask. cache = ./cache/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343643-if04rgzi author = Hirko, Kelly A title = Telehealth in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Rural Health Disparities date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1924 sentences = 101 flesch = 42 summary = Here, we provide specific examples of telehealth efforts that have been implemented in a large rural healthcare system in response to the pandemic, and further describe how the massive shift to telehealth and reliance on virtual connections in these times of social isolation may impact rural health disparities for those without access to necessary broadband to deploy digital technologies. [20] The massive shift to telehealth and reliance on virtual connections in these times of social isolation may have created an additional health disparity for the millions of rural Americans without access to necessary broadband to deploy digital technologies. The rapid implementation of telehealth programs in rural areas in response to the COVID-19 pandemic holds tremendous potential for addressing rural health disparities. Finally, research to investigate unintended consequences of telehealth initiatives in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are also needed to ensure that these initiatives do not amplify existing health disparities experienced by those living in rural communities. cache = ./cache/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343618-jjb8da4a author = Nie, Kai title = Gastrointestinal insights during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2046 sentences = 129 flesch = 40 summary = Thus, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, stool viral tests, and virus exposure are major concerns in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. Patients with digestive disease bear a relatively high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding suggests that gastrointestinal cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection [47] . To date, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD patients have been reported. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343691-sjz5og78 author = Nakajima, Kei title = Serious Conditions in COVID-19 Accompanied With a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1224 sentences = 75 flesch = 47 summary = Retrospective research has shown that COVID-19 is frequently observed in people with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , which are pivotal components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risks based on excess visceral fat. In recent decades, many investigators have convincingly shown that people with obesity, prediabetes, diabetes and MetS are at increased risk for impaired lung function, and especially impaired restrictive lung pattern [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] , which is primarily determined by reduced predicted forced vital capacity. In patients with any of the specific metabolic abnormalities of MetS, pre-existing impaired lung function can predispose them to SARS-CoV-2 infection and even accelerate it, potentially worsening the condition. cache = ./cache/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343819-1uki4b3d author = Mian, Muhammad S title = Pathological Findings and Management of COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Overview of Modern-day Pandemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4653 sentences = 264 flesch = 49 summary = We searched using PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus, and their combination with pathological findings, clinical features, management, and treatment to search for relevant published literature. Patients with COVID-19 had pathological findings, like ground-glass opacities, consolidations, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, and interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells. There is currently no recommended treatment for COVID-19, only supportive care like oxygen, and mechanical ventilation is provided to patients in severe respiratory distress [2] . In this review article, we aim to identify and highlight clinical features, pathological and radiological findings, and possible treatment options for COVID-19 patients and to organize the little information we have on this pathogen. Keywords used were novel coronavirus, COVID-19, pathological findings, antivirals, treatment, management, and passive immunity. Based on the studies reviewed, the findings on the CT scan of COVID-19 patients are groundglass opacities, consolidation, crazy paving pattern, and air bronchogram sign. cache = ./cache/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343483-puly7tyv author = Pak, Jamie S. title = A Urology Department's Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2376 sentences = 120 flesch = 48 summary = As the ED-ICU gained prominence in the care pathway of COVID-19 patients at CUIMC, we also played an instrumental role in onboarding providers from other specialties to the attending/resident pair role. Given the residents' increasing comfort with caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients, urology residents were redeployed to this ICU without an accompanying attending. Eventually, as the overall volume of critically ill patients with COVID-19 began to subside, our department was informed that we were no longer needed in the OR-ICUs on May 4 and in the satellite hospital "pop-up" ICU on May 6. Though COVID-19 put a heavy strain on our health care system in general, the changes required to respond to the pandemic led to an overall increased amount of available time for urology residents and faculty. This slow process of rescheduling elective surgeries may prolong the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on both resident surgical training and patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343740-vcys2q2t author = Kawachi, Ichiro title = COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2375 sentences = 122 flesch = 53 summary = The social epidemiology of disaster shows that socio-economically disadvantaged groups are both more likely to be exposed to disaster (because they live in disaster-prone areas or live in structurally unsound houses) and more likely to suffer the consequences of exposure (because they suffer disproportionately from preexisting morbidity, making them vulnerable to problems such as the interruption of services that follow inevitably in the wake of disaster). Compounding the misery of Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, the public health response to the pandemic has come at the cost of a sharp global economic contraction. It may turn out to be the case that lockdowns produce a net health equity gain by saving the lives of the most vulnerable segments of the workforce (especially if adequate social protections are in place to mitigate the consequences of job loss). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study cache = ./cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343712-gn7fw891 author = Taglauer, Elizabeth title = Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1497 sentences = 86 flesch = 41 summary = title: Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads Parenchymal changes of placentas from COVID-19 infected mothers have been reported by several groups, but the localization and relative abundance of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and cellular entry machinery has not been fully characterized within larger placental tissue cohorts. Overall this study provides an important basis for the ongoing evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 physiology in pregnancy and highlights the importance of the placenta as a key source of primary human tissue for ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic research efforts to reduce the global burden of COVID-19. While ACE2 was consistently found in the sTB layer of all tissues 148 surveyed (COVID-19 Maternal and controls), TMPRSS2 expression was absent in both groups of 149 placentas (Fig. 3 A,B) . Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of 301 the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth cache = ./cache/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343739-t3z6ghyp author = Conforti, Claudio title = Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID‐19 era date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 221 sentences = 26 flesch = 56 summary = key: cord-343739-t3z6ghyp cord_uid: t3z6ghyp For patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs for chronic dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, several guidelines suggest to assess on a case-by-case basis the initiation of a new therapy with a biological drug as well as the possible suspension in case of positivity. 2 Apart from psoriasis, which can sometimes also be treated in an alternative way, we must focus our attention on the most fragile patients in dermatology, that is, oncologic patients suffering from advanced melanoma. In fact, we should remember that cancer-related treatments may cause immunosuppression, and the first available data suggest that patients with cancer have a risk of excess mortality due to SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): facts and controversies COVID-19 and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? Oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic AIOM, Rischio infettivo da Coronavirus Covid-19: indicazioni per l'oncologia Cancer patient management during the covid-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343545-ga56ozp3 author = Pablos, J. L. title = Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3865 sentences = 250 flesch = 47 summary = title: Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study Methods In this comparative cohort study, we identified hospital PCR+ COVID-19 rheumatic patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (IA) or autoimmune/immunomediated diseases (AI/IMID). Ageing, male sex and previous comorbidity (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, or lung disease) increased the risk in the rheumatic cohort by bivariate analysis. Conclusion In patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases aging, sex and having an AI/IMID but not IA nor previous immunosuppressive therapies were associated with severe COVID-19. We undertook a multicentric comparative cohort study to investigate the relationship between underlying rheumatic disease and COVID-19 outcomes and to identify specific risk factors associated to poor outcomes. In this matched-cohort study, we show that among hospital patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, having a systemic AI/IMID but not an IA is an independent risk factor for poor COVID outcomes including death, invasive ventilation, ICU admission or serious complications. cache = ./cache/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343766-hlg7t5i5 author = Vinken, Mathieu title = A putative AOP for pneumonia related to COVID-19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 994 sentences = 59 flesch = 47 summary = In order to further encourage research in this direction, an updated version of the putative AOP for pneumonia linked to COVID-19 is proposed, which encompasses new knowledge that is rapidly accumulating (Fig. 1) . One of the major MIEs in this AOP is the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor at the plasma membrane surface of type II pneumocytes lining the alveoli in lung. Such AOP network should comprise the mechanisms driving the multi-organ failure frequently observed in severe COVID-19 patients, for which the causes (i.e. MIEs) are as yet not entirely clear or delineated. Thus, liver failure may be caused by the direct binding and actions of SARS-CoV-2 in hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, but could also be an indirect consequence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with COVID-19. A putative AOP for pneumonia linked to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343559-kjuc3nqa author = Asiamah, Nestor title = Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6014 sentences = 305 flesch = 53 summary = title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. We are, therefore, of the view that social isolation necessitated by a COVID-19-related lockdown would not only cause fear and panic in the short-term but could also lead to anxiety and consequently a decline in mental health in the general population. Our investigation was based on this primary research question: Do changes in behaviors due to COVID-19 social distancing measures have a significant influence on mental health? This study focused on possible short-term changes in behaviors resulting from COVID-19-related social isolation or fears. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term attributable to COVID-19 social isolation were associated with lower mental health scores. cache = ./cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343743-6k3soh1l author = Chaudhary, Sachin title = Antifibrotics in COVID-19 Lung Disease: Let Us Stay Focused date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3348 sentences = 169 flesch = 41 summary = Among the many excellent ongoing studies with good preclinical data in appropriate animal models, some arising directly from recent clinical observations, we were surprised to see studies proposing to use the FDA-approved anti-fibrotic therapies (nintedanib NCT04338802 and pirfenidone NCT04282902) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we posit that, unlike patients with IPF, the COVID-19 survivors will follow a familiar course of intense pulmonary inflammation, leading to mild scarring and near-normal lung function recovery over time. Fewer studies are available for outcomes in MERS, but similar to other causes of viral-induced lung injury, MERS survivors have a reduced quality of life (21) , and the pulmonary sequelae from MERS are mild. Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge cache = ./cache/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343773-9f7ew8uj author = Volo, T. title = Elective tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: to whom, when, how? Early experience from Venice, Italy date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3621 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 23 COVID 19 patients, to analyse the timing of tracheostomy, the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and the infection of the involved health care workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing, appropriateness and staff security of tracheostomy in patients receiving PMV in our medical-surgical ICU for SARS-COVID19. Tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure is a challenging procedure due to both its severity, duration and risk of infections. Considering that in our study, mean time from intubation to death was 21 days, for patients with higher SOFA score and higher D-dimer level, we suggest to wait until 21 days to decide for tracheostomy to avoid clinically vain procedures for patients and to rule out health care workers from worthless exposure risks. cache = ./cache/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343845-suoy3ojr author = Martín, Vicente title = Prevalencia de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en médicos y enfermeras de Atención Primaria y Residencias de Ancianos del Área de Salud de León y Factores asociados date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2712 sentences = 194 flesch = 56 summary = ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses of primary care centers and nursing homes in the health area of León (Spain). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in General Practitioners and Nurses of primary care centers and nursing homes in the health area of León. The most relevant results of this study indicate that the observed prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the health workers analyzed is 5.9% (CI95% 4.4%-8.0%), being higher in nursing home workers compared to primary care centers (9.5% vs. Our results indicate that a high number of professionals remain susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore protective measures should be taken, not only in primary care, as the main contact with the health system, but also in nursing homes. cache = ./cache/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343870-g2v7ihud author = Liu, Wei title = Virus-, host-, immune-based targets for COVID-19 therapy date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1716 sentences = 102 flesch = 46 summary = Anti-viral agents against different targets had exhibited profound therapeutic effect on SARS-CoV-2 through which the clinicians were able to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Clinicians worldwide have been voraciously seeking for a potential anti-COVID-19 drug of all modules such as vaccines; targetspecific monoclonal antibodies; viral oligonucleotide-based peptide drugs; interferons and other small bio-actives [2] . S protein being the crucial protein facilitating the SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host has been preferred as a potential therapeutic target of interests as it could be spliced into two individual peptides by the furin-like proteases [5] . The other novel drug-like K22 that inhibits the viral-dependent RNA synthesis exhibited strong anti-replicative activity against the coronaviruses in an in-vitro set-up. Stimulation of innate immune response is crucial for controlling the SARS-CoV-2 replication and its virulence on the infected hosts [8] . cache = ./cache/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343684-z63qn66b author = Serge, Rozenberg title = Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently? date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4466 sentences = 269 flesch = 59 summary = We review only some of the currently available data, notably the sex-difference in susceptibility to the Covid-19 infection and the concomitant risk of death. The proportion of males tested positive to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Covid-19 was higher as compared to females in Asia (with the exception of South Korea), in South America, in the New York area (9-11, 26, 27) , but not in Canada and in some European countries (Estonia and in Belgium) (9-11, 14, 16, 18) where more women tested positive than men ( Table 1 ). But almost all of the data that broke numbers down by gender, reported a higher proportion of deaths among men than among women (ranging between 59% and 69%). Similarly, in all countries reporting death rates from Covid19 infections, by sex, more men died than women (60%-70% of men) ( These data need also to be interpreted cautiously. cache = ./cache/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343797-kpmz5kwg author = Lee, Martin Beng‐Huat title = GOING TO WAR ON COVID19: MOBILIZING AN ACADEMIC NEPHROLOGY GROUP PRACTICE date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2875 sentences = 161 flesch = 45 summary = Here, we describe the specific measures that our division has taken in the hope that our experience in Singapore may be helpful to others METHODS: Descriptive narrative RESULTS: A compilation of operational responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic taken by a nephrology division at a Singapore university hospital CONCLUSION: Nephrology operational readiness for COVID‐19 requires a clinical mindset shift from usual standard of care to a crisis exigency model that targets best outcomes for available resources. Therefore, our doctors had a low threshold for screening for COVID-19 disease in CKD and ESKD patients admitted for fluid overload, respiratory, and non-respiratory symptoms 8 , in order to identify COVID-19 cases for immediate isolation to prevent infection within the hospital and its inpatient dialysis centre. For PD inpatients who are in isolation for suspected or confirmed COVID-19, we will preferentially do automated PD (APD) instead of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in order to reduce patient contact and infection risk to PD nurses, and halve the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). cache = ./cache/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343688-g6bevqxq author = Ahundjanov, B. B. title = Power Law in COVID-19 Cases in China date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5604 sentences = 385 flesch = 65 summary = We show that the upper tail of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities is well described by a power law distribution, with exponent less than one, and that a random proportionate growth model predicated by Gibrat's law is a plausible explanation for the emergence of the observed power law behavior. 4 The robust fit of power law to cross-sectional distribution of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities potentially provides macro-level evidence for random proportionate growth posited by Gibrat's law. In summary, our estimation results and diagnostic tests provide strong evidence that the COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities can be well characterized by the power law (Pareto) distribution. 1101 In light of the discussion in Section 4.1, the confirmation of Gibrat's law for COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities provides a plausible explanation for the emergence of power law behavior shown for the data. We presented empirical evidence for a power law distribution for the upper tail of the number of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities. cache = ./cache/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343881-0i3rfpvd author = Norton, Alice title = The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 169 flesch = 49 summary = RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the significant body of combined data shows the WHO roadmap is globally relevant; however, new important priorities have emerged, in particular, pertinent to low and lower middle-income countries (less resourced countries), where health systems are under significant competing pressures. For example, there is a strong call for evidence on the relative effectiveness and optimal implementation of public health interventions in varied global settings, for social science studies to guide how to gain public trust and mitigate myths, to understand the impact on already present diseases within communities and to explore the ethics of research within a pandemic. Using broad consultative workshops, we have identified additional considerations beyond the WHO roadmap scope in order to broaden the current global research priorities at this point in time to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and to help learn for any future outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343864-0258nh92 author = Straughn, Alex R. title = Withaferin A: a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2916 sentences = 141 flesch = 45 summary = Therefore, WFA demonstrates real potential as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent the spread of COVID-19 due to the reported interference in viral S-protein to host receptor binding and its lack of effect on ACE2 expression in the lungs. Data from four SARS-CoV-2 hot spots (the United States, Italy, Spain and China) has shown that cancer patients infected with the novel coronavirus have a significantly increased risk of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and/or requiring mechanical ventilation, as well as an increase in patient mortality [15, [17] [18] [19] . Withaferin A alone or in combination with drugs, such as: hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone or other treatments (under clinical trials), could be developed into an attractive therapeutic agent for both the general population and cancer patients due to its anti-tumorigenic properties and the preliminary studies showing that it is capable of binding to the Sprotein of SARS-CoV-2, thereby potentially inhibiting infection and/or spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343822-k00ng5nl author = Hoekman, Lieke Michaela title = The Dutch COVID-19 approach: Regional differences in a small country.: The Dutch COVID-19 approach. date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6123 sentences = 369 flesch = 57 summary = Due to regional variation in COVID-19 hospitalization rates, this paper focuses on three distinct regions; the initial epicenter; the most northern provinces which – contrary to national policy – decided not to switch to mitigation; and the Bible Belt, as congregations of religious groups were initially excluded from the ban on group formation. A better understanding of the impact of the country"s approach on the spread of the virus requires a nation-wide description of COVID-19 trends, the government"s approach of policies regarding citizens" health, the health system, and the economy. These included ICU hospitalization rates, R0-trends, and the number of people tested positive for the virus -both at the national and regional level (33) . Testing the herd immunity level is in line with the COVID-19 approach of the Netherlands of maximum control of the spread of the virus, rather than complete containment. cache = ./cache/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343877-jzkaee16 author = Newdick, Chris title = Tragic choices in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: on fairness, consistency and community date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5265 sentences = 273 flesch = 51 summary = Responding to recent calls (1) to safeguard individuals' legal rights in decision-making in intensive care, and (2) for new authoritative national guidance for decision-making, this paper seeks to clarify what consistency and fairness demand in healthcare rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both a legal and ethical standpoint. Responding to recent calls (1) to safeguard individuals' legal rights in decision-making in intensive care, and (2) for new authoritative national guidance for decision-making, this paper seeks to clarify what consistency and fairness demand in healthcare rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both a legal and ethical standpoint. Congruent with the position that UK courts have adopted for resource allocation decision-making in the NHS more generally, specific requirements for a procedural framework and substantive triage criteria to be applied within that framework during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered in detail. cache = ./cache/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343919-n8884bli author = Salvio, Gianmaria title = Bone Metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 Disease: Possible Osteoimmunology and Gender Implications date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3908 sentences = 183 flesch = 39 summary = We present a brief review of the molecular mechanisms linking inflammatory diseases to increased fracture risk/osteoporosis and of the therapeutic strategies that can prevent bone resorption in patients with inflammatory disease, focusing on the RANK-RANKL system. A subsequent in vitro study showed that a specific SARS-CoV protein, 3a/X1, directly promotes osteoclastogenesis, accelerating osteoclast differentiation from monocyte/macrophage precursors, enhancing the expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, which indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis [20] . As will be explained later in the text, IL-6 represents an important cofactor for bone resorption in inflammatory diseases; therefore, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, men, though less affected by osteoporosis, may experience more bone metabolism alterations than women for higher levels of IL-6 resulting from the lack of suppression by estrogen. cache = ./cache/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343715-y594iewi author = Gavriatopoulou, Maria title = Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8765 sentences = 447 flesch = 38 summary = Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343876-2inr4mcy author = Xie, Qin title = COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings due to first-episode mental disorders in Wuhan, China: clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and our experiences date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4834 sentences = 215 flesch = 40 summary = During the outbreak of COVID-19, the selection of an appropriate treatment setting for COVID-19 patients with mental disorders is a dilemma: in respiratory treatment settings these patients are more likely to not adhere with The main findings of this comparative study are 1) adjustment disorder and acute and transient psychotic disorders, with associated acute stress were the main clinical diagnoses in the COVID-19 group and some other disorders had their organic basis such as delirium due to infection and chloroquine-induced psychosis, while serious mental illnesses (SMIs) and alcohol use disorders were overrepresented in the control group, a common feature of inpatients of most Chinese psychiatric hospitals; 2) a wide range of psychiatric symptoms were found in COVID-19 patients with mental disorders on admission, including psychotic symptoms, aggressive behaviors, and anxiety symptoms; 3) the most common respiratory symptom of COVID-19 patients was cough, followed by fever, chills, and fatigue; and 4) mental disorders and COVID-19 of most patients were successfully treated after symptomatic and supportive treatments, including conventional psychotropic treatment and antiviral treatment, and, COVID-19 patients left the hospital earlier than psychiatric patients without COVID-19, on average by 16 days after admission. cache = ./cache/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343929-9ebw3x8r author = Gupta, Ritesh title = Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1925 sentences = 107 flesch = 48 summary = title: Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India RESULTS: Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID19 . A recent article by a consortium of diabetes experts in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f India has identified five categories of patients with hyperglycemia who need consideration in today's times of COVID-19 pandemic 34 . Observational study on Effect of Lock Down due to COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with Diabetes: Experience from Central India Impact of lockdown in COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes cache = ./cache/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343759-me0n2k3f author = Majiya, H. title = Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4949 sentences = 304 flesch = 63 summary = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic is ongoing, and to know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the COVID-19 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. COVID-19 IgG and IgM Rapid Test Kits (Colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State as from 26th June 2020 to 30th June 2020. Antigen-Antibody based kits unlike other methods can detect previous exposure to the infectious agents (WHO, 2020a; 2020b; 2020c; Xiao et al., 2020 )-this information is very important especially in COVID-19 with assumed high rate of asymptomatic cases in order to see how far the virus has spread and infection patterns, effectiveness of social distancing measures enforced and determination of herd immunity to the disease to know the extent of vaccination to do when COVID-19 vaccines become available. cache = ./cache/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343927-s54n1cmn author = Sayad, Babak title = Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 636 sentences = 56 flesch = 64 summary = title: Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 1 may be presented by a severe form of pneumonia in some patients (10%-15%) which might progress toward acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and death. Also, the WBCs count was 10.5 ± 6 × 10 9 /L in patients required intubation compared to 8.3 ± 4.1 × 10 9 /L (P = .098) in those patients did not require intubation. In summary, our study indicated a significant association between leukocytosis and the rate of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Also, our findings indicated the higher rate of mortality among COVID-19 patients with higher Hb level. Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID-19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality cache = ./cache/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343978-w1fsu787 author = Greene, E A title = Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4256 sentences = 266 flesch = 57 summary = A series of infographics, webinars, and podcasts (three in each category) were created to provide guidance on essential care of horses, emergency preparedness, financial assistance, legal concerns, and biosecurity during the crucial, initial weeks of the pandemic (March-April, 2020). The group decided on a coordinated effort to create and share infographics, webinars, and podcasts addressing COVID-19 related issues pertinent to equine clientele across the nation. Three infographics were developed and were disseminated between March 31 and April 2 (Table 1) providing COVID-19-related information impacting horse owners/businesses. The EH members agreed that the financial impact of COVID-19 on equine businesses was a primary concern of the horse industry, which was reflected by the extensive reach and sharing of the financial assistance webinar Facebook announcement. The podcast content provides the listeners with examples of how the various barn owners and veterinarians were responding to restrictions, mandates, and personal safety related to COVID-19 and equine businesses. cache = ./cache/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 author = Ip, Andrew title = Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4322 sentences = 239 flesch = 43 summary = In this retrospective observational cohort study drawn from electronic health records we sought to describe the association between mortality and hydroxychloroquine or tocilizumab therapy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, an observational cohort study of 1376 hospitalized patients from a New York hospital using propensity modeling found no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death (hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.32) [14] . A recently reported randomized Brazilian trial enrolling 504 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients with mild-to-moderate disease (defined as not requiring significant supplemental oxygen support) found that a 7-day course of hydroxychloroquine either with azithromycin or alone did not result in better clinical outcomes as measured by a seven-level ordinal scale at 15 days [16] . In this observational cohort study we report our survival outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343982-ymaql0hx author = Carr, M. J. title = Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnoses, HbA1c monitoring and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK-wide cohort study involving 13 million people in primary care date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4444 sentences = 249 flesch = 58 summary = ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplementary figure 2: Comparison of monthly HbA1c testing rates in people with type 2 diabetes in primary care by age, gender, deprivation level and by region before and after the first COVID-19 peak in England (CPRD Aurum) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplementary figure 6: Comparison of observed and expected monthly incidence rates for type 2 diabetes in primary care, HbA1c monitoring and new prescriptions for metformin and insulin before and after the first COVID-19 peak in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales (CPRD GOLD) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344011-w9zn7hb2 author = Schiffrin, Ernesto L title = Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED? date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 670 sentences = 45 flesch = 59 summary = Hajra and Bandyopadhyay have cited recent retrospective studies 6,7 that were published after our Editorial in the last month that support our conclusion that there is no evidence of harm of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19. As well, among a total of 18,472 patients tested for COVID-19 in the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida between March 8 and April 12, 2020, there was no association of use of ACEIs and ARBs with testing positive A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 for COVID-19, 9 which suggests that taking these agents did not increase susceptibility to infection by the novel virus RAS-CoV-2. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343970-anocx4y1 author = Bansal, Rashika title = Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6526 sentences = 409 flesch = 45 summary = ACE2 is expressed in pancreatic islets, vascular endothelium, and adipose tissue, and the SARS-CoV-2 -ACE2 interaction in these tissues, along with other factors, govern the spectrum and the severity of clinical manifestations among COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic syndrome may contribute towards COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, including sub-optimal immune responses, hyper-inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 virus attaches to the host cell membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that is expressed in many cells, including the respiratory epithelial cells (type II alveolar A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t epithelial cells), myocardium, Leydig cells and cells in seminiferous ducts in the testes, vascular endothelial cells, proximal renal tubular cells, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, urothelial cells lining the bladder, alveolar monocytes, macrophages, and in both exocrine pancreas and pancreatic islets (43, (46) (47) (48) . cache = ./cache/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343917-67qjqxqh author = Dabrowska, Dominika title = Staying Ahead of the Curve: Modified Approach to Emergency Caesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3442 sentences = 185 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this review is to highlight the key recommendations related to obstetric anaesthesia from scientific bodies in the United Kingdom and United States and to summarize recently developed and implemented clinical pathways for care of obstetric patients – specifically those requiring urgent general anaesthesia for caesarean section within a large maternity unit in London. The need to perform an emergency operative delivery in a timely manner while ensuring clinicians are suitably equipped and protected represents a uniquely challenging scenario, given the higher risk of viral transmission with aerosol generating procedures. In order to minimise delays to delivery in obstetric emergencies that require general anaesthesia, the following actions should be taken prior to patient's arrival to operating theatre while anaesthetic/scrub teams don PPE and prepare for intubation: Step 4: Safe administration of GA The equipment/ drugs that need to be available include: · Video laryngoscope. cache = ./cache/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343926-47m17k1t author = Kuzemko, Caroline title = Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6628 sentences = 270 flesch = 49 summary = We identify some of the initial impacts of the 'great lockdown' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change. cache = ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344010-14bd6mnp author = Husby, A. title = Inhaled corticosteroid use in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3497 sentences = 173 flesch = 41 summary = Methods In a nationwide cohort of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals in Denmark, we estimated the 30-day hazard ratio of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death among users of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared with users of non-ICS inhalers ({beta}2-agonist/muscarinic-antagonists), or non-users of ICS, with Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and other confounders. Studies report that SARS-CoV-2 infection often leads to severe airway inflammation (4) and the RECOVERY-trial suggests a substantial beneficial effect of systemic treatment with the corticosteroid dexamethasone in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring nasal oxygen or mechanical ventilation (3) . Our results are in agreement with a large, not yet peer-reviewed, cohort study of COPD and asthma patients from the United Kingdom, which reports no increased risk of COVID-19-related death by prescription drug use of inhaled corticosteroids (18) . cache = ./cache/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344048-lx9krl5v author = Domínguez-Salas, Sara title = Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5386 sentences = 248 flesch = 44 summary = The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. The variables that showed a predictive ability were sex, age, number of hours consulting information on COVID-19, assessment of the information provided by the media in terms of accessibility, assessment of the information available on the prognosis of the disease, washing hands with hydroalcoholic solution, degree of concern about COVID-19, degree of concern to become infected, belief about the likelihood of survival if infected, level of confidence in the diagnostic ability of the health system, risk of getting infected, the belief about the effectiveness of preventive measures, and the need to offer psychological support to the general population ( Table 5 ). cache = ./cache/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author = Liang, Donghai title = Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5751 sentences = 221 flesch = 41 summary = We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. To address these analytical gaps and contribute towards a more complete understanding of the impact of long-term exposures to ambient air pollution on COVID-19-related health consequences, we conducted a nationwide study in the USA (3,122 counties) examining associations between multiple key ambient air pollutants, NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and O 3 , and COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in both single and multi-pollutant models, with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f comprehensive covariate adjustment. We hypothesized that residents living in counties with higher long-term ambient air pollution levels may be more susceptible to COVID-19 severe outcomes, thus resulting in higher COVID-19 case-fatality rates and mortality rates. cache = ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343818-pj1oludh author = Liu, Chan title = Children with COVID-19 behaving milder may challenge the public policies: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4850 sentences = 256 flesch = 50 summary = We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases for studies presenting characteristics of children confirmed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from December 12, 2019 to May 10, 2020. The studies included in this meta-analysis should meet the following criteria: (1) all types of studies either retrospective or prospective (e.g. cohort, cross-sectional study, case report, case series); (2) studies reporting information regarding COVID-19; (3) studies describing clinical characteristics of pediatric patients (0-19 years) diagnosed by RT-PCR; (4) clinical data of more than five cases can be drawn from the articles. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children aged <18 years in Jiangxi, China: an analysis of 23 cases cache = ./cache/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344046-9vou06c7 author = Hon, Kam Lun Ellis title = Pediatric COVID-19: what disease is this? date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1065 sentences = 73 flesch = 45 summary = The Chinese mainland also has reported mortality and morbidity of pediatric COVID-19 cases and has concluded that the disease was generally mild [10, 12] . Reports of children with confirmed COVID-19 in mainland China have described mild cold-like with/without gastrointestinal symptoms and suggest that severe complications (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock) appear to be uncommon. Another novel acronym, PIM-TS is coined which stands for pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 [26] . Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Inflammatory cytokine profile in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome Pediatric coronavirus disease-2019-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS cache = ./cache/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343985-0p2j5hzc author = Self-Brown, Shannon title = The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of an Evidence-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Program: Understanding the Perspectives of SafeCare® Providers date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7472 sentences = 346 flesch = 46 summary = The goals of these programs, whether delivered in child protection or prevention service settings, is to promote childhood health, safety, and development and improve parenting skills and responsible parenting among mothers and fathers, which correspond with decreases in maltreatment risk (Howard and Brooks-Gunn 2009; Supplee and Adirim 2012) . Thus, this study has two research aims: 1) examine active SafeCare Providers' opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of SafeCare via virtual delivery, and 2) better understand workforce concerns for human service professionals within the context of COVID-19 mitigation efforts. This study is the first to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of an evidence-based child maltreatment home visiting program that has transitioned to virtual delivery, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the workforce responsible for delivering these programs. Given the risks impacting our world's most vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure effective and sustainable delivery of evidence-based programs that can reduce maltreatment risk for young children. cache = ./cache/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343969-9nec3lj8 author = Otugo, Onyeka title = COVID-19: The Additional Sentence for the Incarcerated date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1750 sentences = 112 flesch = 47 summary = Some individuals and organizations advocate for a mandatory release of the incarcerated who are not deemed a risk to the general population, whereas others advocate for improving health care in jails and prisons. Given the inadequate health care delivery system for the incarcerated, some view keeping the incarcerated in prisons and jails during the COVID-19 pandemic as an extension of their existing sentence. A proposed solution is the reduction of incarcerated people in jails and prisons to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Recently, the Committee for Public Counsel Services and the Massachusetts Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers filed an emergency petition that calls for the reduction of the number of incarcerated individuals through limiting those who will be taken into custody and releasing those who would be considered high risk for contracting COVID-19, those toward the end of their sentence, and those who do not pose a significant risk to the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344075-ucd6ooob author = Bartoszek, Adrian title = Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4515 sentences = 238 flesch = 50 summary = title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344065-87x5y9o6 author = Wedig, Isaac J title = Infographic. Stay physically active during COVID-19 with exercise as medicine date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 639 sentences = 42 flesch = 53 summary = Many experts 4 have emphasised the importance of increasing healthy living behaviours and others 5 have indicated that we are now simultaneously fighting not one but two pandemics (ie, COVID-19, physical inactivity). 6 Immediate action is required to facilitate physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic because it is an effective form of medicine 3 to promote good health, prevent disease and bolster immune function. Several organisations including the WHO, American Heart Association and American College of Sports Medicine have offered initial suggestions and resources for engaging in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. For substantial health benefits, adults should engage in 150-300 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity each week and limit the time spent sitting. In summary, this infographic offers as an evidence-based tool for public health officials, clinicians, educators and policymakers to communicate the importance of engaging in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344012-npob20n0 author = Gheblawi, Mahmoud title = Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10479 sentences = 569 flesch = 39 summary = ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases. 21, 22 Ongoing global efforts are focused on manipulating the ACE2/Ang 1-7 axis to curtail SARS-CoV-2 infection while affording maximal protective effects against lung and cardiovascular damage in patients with In this review, we summarize the diverse roles of ACE2, highlighting its role as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and negative regulator of the RAS, and the implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344120-7t5ce2hb author = Baroutjian, Amanda title = SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5264 sentences = 336 flesch = 53 summary = CONCLUSION: According to level 1 evidence reviewed here, the most effective SARS-Co-V-2 pharmacologic treatments include remdesivir for mild to severe disease, and a triple regimen therapy consisting of lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b for mild to moderate disease. 20 Another randomized controlled open-label trial in 199 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 with severe COVID-19 was done to compare the clinical effectiveness of lopinavir-ritonavir to standard care alone. According to the level 1 evidence reviewed here, the most effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, measured by time to negative RT-PCR and time to clinical improvement, are remdesivir therapy and a triple medication regimen (lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and interferon beta-1b). First, in patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir showed no significant difference in time to clinical improvement, mortality at day 28, or detectable viral load compared to standard care alone. cache = ./cache/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344080-tru8kvxw author = Bhatt, Ankeet S. title = Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2410 sentences = 130 flesch = 38 summary = These early reports have raised concerns that similar reductions may be seen across other important acute cardiovascular conditions that require early in-hospital evaluation and treatment, including chest pain syndromes, heart failure (HF), and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) among others, although this has not been well characterized. We therefore examined longitudinal trends in hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large, tertiary care integrated health system. In this temporal analysis of over 7,000 hospitalizations, a marked decline in total hospitalizations was observed for acute cardiovascular conditions in a large, tertiary care Although patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had comparable demographic characteristics, length of stay was shorter. The trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in March 2020 compared with earlier time periods also raises concerns that patients admitted for acute cardiovascular conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic may present later in their acute illness and therefore may have higher acuity. cache = ./cache/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344003-oul2hdyq author = Maleki Dana, Parisa title = An Insight into the Sex Differences in COVID-19 Patients: What are the Possible Causes? date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2761 sentences = 168 flesch = 51 summary = Moreover, it is observed that men have a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease compared to women, highlighting the importance of disaggregated data of male and female COVID-19 patients. ACE2: angiotensin converting enzyme-2 ADAM-17: ADAM metallopeptidase domain-17 AR: androgen receptor CCL: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand cFT: calculated free testosterone CRP: C-reactive protein CXCL: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand E2: estradiol ESR: estrogen receptor ICU: intensive care unit IL: interleukin mACE2: myocardial angiotensin converting enzyme-2 NHBE: normal human bronchial epithelial RICU: respiratory intensive care unit sACE2: soluble angiotensin converting enzyme-2 SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus TMPRSS2: transmembrane serine protease-2 TT: total testosterone with the virus will die in comparison with men (1.7%/2.8%). Studies of COVID-19 patients have shown that men have a higher risk of developing to the severe form of the disease compared to women. cache = ./cache/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344076-ervwj8ok author = Lim, Michael Anthonius title = The insidious threat of jamu and unregulated traditional medicines in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 800 sentences = 49 flesch = 34 summary = Continuous consumption of jamu and other adulterated traditional medicines has the potential to cause their consumers to become steroid-dependent. Patients with comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, often develop more severe COVID-19 and it is possible that these patients also may consume unregulated traditional medicines in addition to their routine prescriptions [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Therefore, obtaining a comprehensive history, including consumption of jamu and other unregulated traditional medicines, is crucial for the early identification of steroid dependence. A retrospective analysis of adrenal crisis in steroid-dependent patients: causes, frequency and outcomes Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344070-17oac3bg author = Silverman, Justin D title = Using ILI surveillance to estimate state-specific case detection rates and forecast SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5095 sentences = 284 flesch = 59 summary = ILI correlates with known patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread across states within the US, suggesting the surge is unlikely to be due to other endemic respiratory pathogens, yet is orders of magnitude larger than the number of confirmed COVID cases reported. We find that as the seasonal surge of endemic non-influenza respiratory pathogens declines, this excess ILI correlates more strongly with state-level patterns of newly confirmed COVID cases suggesting that 75 this surge is a reflection of ILI due to SARS-CoV-2 (Pearson ρ = 0.8 and p < 10 −10 for the last two weeks; Figure S1 ). However, if we assume the excess non-influenza ILI is almost entirely due to SARS-CoV-2, an assumption that becomes more valid as the virus becomes more prevalent, we can use the excess non-influenza ILI to understand the constraints and mutual dependence of exponential growth rates, the rate of subclinical infections, and the time 95 between the onset of infectiousness and a patient reporting as ILI Figure 3 . cache = ./cache/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344136-k5gh0s6y author = Ouyang, Lichen title = Association of acute kidney injury with the severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2410 sentences = 151 flesch = 51 summary = RESULTS: In 41 studies with 10,335 COVID-19 patients, the serum creatinine (sCr) in severe cases was much higher than that in non-severe cases (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39), with a similar trend for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), hematuria (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.19), and proteinuria (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.58–5.38). Pooled analysis of four studies among 792 COVID-19 patients revealed that the incidence of AKI was statistically higher in non-survival group (30.72%) compared with survival group Our meta-analysis including 14094 subjects from 52 studies explored the potential relationship between renal impairment as well as AKI and the clinical outcome J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (severity and mortality) of COVID-19 patients. Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343981-m6z9aqvu author = Freedberg, Daniel E. title = Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1280 sentences = 77 flesch = 48 summary = title: Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study After adjusting for baseline patient characteristics, use of famotidine remained independently associated with risk for death or intubation (Supplemental Table 2 , adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.85) and this remained unchanged after propensity score matching to further balance the covariables (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). This retrospective study found that, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, famotidine use was associated with a reduced risk of clinical deterioration leading to intubation or death. A randomized controlled trial is currently underway to determine whether famotidine can improve clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (NCT04370262). In sum, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and not initially intubated, famotidine use was associated with a two-fold reduction in clinical deterioration leading to intubation or death. cache = ./cache/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344087-4f40zj13 author = Jo, Min-Woo title = The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3400 sentences = 184 flesch = 61 summary = METHODS: We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. For the calculation of the YLDs, we used the numbers of confirmed cases by sex and age group, the duration of disease, and disability weights (DWs). The numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by sex or age group were obtained from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). To compare the results with previous studies, we estimated the YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs per 100,000 population for the mid-year population of 2019 by sex and age, using data from the Statistics Korea demographic survey. cache = ./cache/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344006-0iq9s94n author = Atzrodt, Cassandra L. title = A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7283 sentences = 428 flesch = 54 summary = All rights reserved Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that uses spike proteins to bind to human lung epithelial cells (Fig. 2) [67] . Upon membrane fusion, the RNA of the coronavirus genome is released into the host cell cytoplasm via an early endosome -unlike SARS-CoV, which employs a late endosome and therefore must cross higher barriers of antiviral host immunity -where it is translated into a replication-translation complex that in turn translates sub-genomic RNA into accessory and structural proteins (Fig. 3) [82-84]. The Vivalytic VRI (viral respiratory tract infections) COVID-19 Test System pioneered by Bosch and Randox Laboratories is similar to the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay in that it reduces hands-on time and can confirm a positive test within 2.5 hours with a reported 95% accuracy [100]. More specific assays have now emerged that are proving very useful in providing a fuller picture of the rates of asymptomatic or mild SARS-Cov2 infection, through detection of anti-viral antibodies that persist for months and even years after the virus has been cleared [107] . cache = ./cache/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344027-qghktrm1 author = Fiolet, Thibault title = 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients' – Author’s reply date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 329 sentences = 28 flesch = 45 summary = title: 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients' – Author's reply As with all studies at risk of critical bias included in our systematic review, it was excluded 50 from the main analysis. Treatment 154 with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with Clinical 158 Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative meta-analysis 159 between the Big data and the real world Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a 166 multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial COVID-19 177 prevention and treatment: A critical analysis of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine 178 clinical pharmacology Interventions 188 for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial 189 sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: an 193 international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: 203 a randomized trial cache = ./cache/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344175-e2m9o8c2 author = Lentini, Giovanni title = COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concern: Chirality Might Help date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2140 sentences = 119 flesch = 45 summary = Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy, the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of these drugs should also be considered. One of the options under investigation is the old antimalarial drug, chloroquine-a synthetic succedaneum of cinchona alkaloids [7] (Figure 1 )-which gave promising results in a Chinese clinical trial, where it was superior to the positive control treatment in more than 100 patients [8] . Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy [11, 12] , the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of chloroquine should also be taken into account [13] . Thus, once again, 3D requirements might cause stereoselectivity of blocks and one of the chloroquine enantiomers might display weaker Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy [11, 12] , the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of chloroquine should also be taken into account [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344117-lr6roxej author = Vieira, Ana Luisa Silveira title = Role of point-of-care ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: our recommendations in the management of dialytic patients date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4407 sentences = 222 flesch = 46 summary = Reports from health services around the world have indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, two of the main causes of ESRD worldwide, and also advanced age and cardiovascular complications, two frequent accompanying conditions in dialysis patients, are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and more prone to develop severe COVID-19 pneumonia, eventually requiring intensive care treatment [2, 6, 7] . The typical patterns detected by LUS in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are characterized by B-lines in different forms, both separated and coalescent, an irregular and/or fragmented pleural line, peripheral small consolidations, and large consolidations with dynamic air bronchograms [3] (Fig. 7) (Additional file 5). If the B-lines pattern that can be observed by LUS in dialytic patients does not fully respect the typical characteristics of a COVID-19 pneumonia and cannot allow a definitive conclusion, we suggest to extend the ultrasound scan to the heart and the inferior vena cava (IVC). cache = ./cache/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344135-pyibu6rj author = Zuo, Peiyuan title = Decreased prealbumin level is associated with increased risk of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3728 sentences = 192 flesch = 44 summary = Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the correlation between prealbumin and in-hospital outcomes (in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) in elderly COVID-19 patients. There was a linear trend correlation between serum prealbumin concentration and risk of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. Moreover, stratified by gender, age, hypertension and diabetes, increased level of serum prealbumin was associated with the decreased risk of all-cause death, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, which determine the consistency of the relationship between lowest serum prealbumin tertile and the increased risk of worse outcomes in elderly COVID-19 patients. Low prealbumin concentration was associated with increased risk of worse outcomes (all-cause death, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) in elderly COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344264-7fkaj1h8 author = Ding, Jinli title = Experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19 in radiology department date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1799 sentences = 105 flesch = 45 summary = Within one month, the novel coronavirus rapidly spread across the whole of China through droplet transmission and contact transmission, and the reported number of confirmed COVID-19 cases demonstrated a rising trend. For suspected case, it presents at least two of the following conditions: ① fever and/or respiratory symptoms (eg, cough, myalgia, fatigue); ② imaging features of viral pneumonia; ③ normal or low white blood cell count or reduced lymphocyte in early onset. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China The diagnosis and treatment scheme of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (6th trial version) (General Office of the National Health Commission Expert consensus of radiological examination scheme and infection prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia Infection prevention in radiological examination of novel coronavirus pneumonia: expert recommendation from the Chinese Society of Imaging Technology (First edition) cache = ./cache/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344185-jz6ui4w3 author = Aziz, Aleha title = Building an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Hospital and Selected Maternal-Fetal and Delivery Considerations date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4146 sentences = 165 flesch = 36 summary = Integrating our OBICU into the high-risk space on Labor and Delivery not only preserved the advantage of close proximity to the obstetrical operating rooms, in case of urgent surgery for maternal or fetal indications, but also allowed our team to care for the majority of our obstetrical patientsincluding critically ill COVID-19 infected antepartum or postpartum women -while alleviating some of the burden on the existing medical and surgical ICUs. The first challenge, given the specific concerns of the pandemic, was ensuring that each pod was converted into a room with negative pressure ventilation so that aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) that may be needed in obstetric patients with severe COVID-19 infection, such as nebulizer treatments, high flow nasal oxygen delivery, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, and tracheal intubation could be performed without increasing the exposure risk for healthcare providers or the other patients and staff in the vicinity. cache = ./cache/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344217-kci4uw7u author = Majid, Sabhiya title = Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Research Strategies Based on the Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Coronaviruses date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5645 sentences = 316 flesch = 46 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing global health emergency, is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major public health concern having caused three zoonotic outbreaks; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002–2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and currently this devastating COVID-19. Beta coronaviruses are a subgroup of the coronavirus family, large enveloped positive-sense singlestranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses able to infect a wide variety of mammals and avian species, causing mainly respiratory or enteric diseases [2] . The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been named COVID-19, a highly transmittable and pathogenic respiratory infection, which has become a public health emergency of international concern as no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine is available-though few broad spectrum antiviral drugs and drug combinations in clinical trials have resulted in clinical recovery [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . cache = ./cache/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344162-8gbe6qo7 author = Loomba, S. title = Measuring the Impact of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccine Intent in the UK and US date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8782 sentences = 474 flesch = 49 summary = A large suite of complementary data were collected for each individual including socioecono-demographic status (age, gender, highest education level, employment type, religious affiliation, ethnicity, income level), sources of trust for information about COVID-19, political affiliation, social media usage, and reasons for being unsure about taking a COVID-19 vaccine (see Table 1 and Questionnaire, Appendix E). We asked respondents if they had encountered similar images to the ones they were exposed to on social media in the past one month, to explore the relationship between their vaccination intents and pre-study exposure to misinformation or factual information. Contribution of reasons that respondents provide for not being "definitely" sure of taking a COVID-19 vaccine (A, B) and contribution of sources of information that people trust (C, D), to the Pre-Exposure vaccine hesitancy (left of every subfigure) and Susceptibility to vaccine misinformation (right of every sub-figure) as measured by drop in vaccine intent-after controlling for socio-demographics. cache = ./cache/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344252-6g3zzj0o author = Farooq, Junaid title = A Novel Adaptive Deep Learning Model of Covid-19 with focus on mortality reduction strategies date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6951 sentences = 361 flesch = 56 summary = We employ deep learning to propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based and data stream guided real-time incremental learning algorithm for parameter estimation of a non-intrusive, intelligent, adaptive and online analytical model of Covid-19 disease. In this work, we employ deep learning to propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based real-time online incremental learning technique to estimate parameters of a data stream guided analytical model of Covid-19 to study the transmission dynamics and prevention mechanism for SARS-Cov-2 novel coronavirus in order to aid in optimal policy formulation, efficient decision making, forecasting and simulation. To the best of our knowledge, this paper develops for the first time a deep learning model of epidemic diseases with data science approach in which parameters are intelligently adapted to the new ground realities with fast evolving infection dynamics. cache = ./cache/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author = Evans, Lauran K. title = COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4337 sentences = 203 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. The authors also believe that the WCHD POST system, similar to those previously reported in the literature, represents a particularly efficient, safe, and adaptable model for COVID-19 testing, and recommend that other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting it for their own purposes. The following parameters were collected from the WCHD: COVID-19 tests performed each day, number of required staff and their responsibilities, positive COVID-19 tests per week, PPE use per shift, distances of the POST system route via measurement wheel, and safety concerns. cache = ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344213-j3yextjl author = Sze, Shirley title = The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long term care facilities date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1195 sentences = 76 flesch = 52 summary = In the COVID-19 pandemic, patients who are older and residents of long term care facilities (LTCF) are at greatest risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reviewed discharge criteria for hospitalised COVID-19 patients from ten countries with the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases as of 26th July 2020. We recommend a unified, simpler discharge criteria, based on current studies which suggest that most SARS-CoV-2 loses its infectivity by 10 days post-symptom onset. This represents a practical compromise between unnecessarily prolonged admissions and returning highly infectious patients back to their care facilities, and is of particular importance in older patients discharged to LTCFs, residents of which may be at greatest risk of transmission and worse clinical outcomes.  Current evidence suggests that most patients are non-infective 10 days post symptom onset or after first positive PCR result COVID-19 is a global pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344284-dn9nlcgs author = Xia, Wei title = Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1460 sentences = 92 flesch = 54 summary = PURPOSE: To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection. METHODS: The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID‐19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID‐19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. Otherwise, under the circumference of wildly spread of COVID-19 and low detection rate by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test, how to distinguish it from other common respiratory tract infection pathogens in pediatric patients is still a problem. As the clinical and imaging features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection were limited, we would like to present a series of 20 cases who have been identified by the pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test. Twenty pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test from 23 January to 8 February in Wuhan Children's Hospital were included in this study. cache = ./cache/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344291-i5wqlzif author = Estalella, Gemma Martinez title = GESTIÓN Y LIDERAZGO DE LOS SERVICIOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL PLAN DE EMERGENCIA DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19: LA EXPERIENCIA DEL HOSPITAL CLÍNIC DE BARCELONA date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4546 sentences = 406 flesch = 47 summary = Lastly, it will be necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the situation and of the actions carried out in order to identify the areas for improvement as well as to evaluate the overall nature of the process Keywords: Hospital administration; clinical governance; lidership; pandemic; nursing care Introducción La crisis sanitaria generada por la pandemia del Covid-19 a nivel internacional 1,2 ha supuesto una emergencia sanitaria y social a nivel mundial que requiere una acción efectiva e inmediata de los centros asistenciales. En un esfuerzo coordinado por combatir el COVID-19 en Barcelona, el Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (HCB) en colaboración estrecha con el Departamento de Salud y otros centros clínicos, está gestionando la crisis asistencial en su ámbito territorial de Barcelona Eixample Esquerra para garantizar que los pacientes reciban los mejores cuidados posibles. cache = ./cache/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344246-sf9cymhc author = Diriba, Kuma title = The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5141 sentences = 253 flesch = 46 summary = Previous outbreaks of coronaviruses include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV epidemic in 2003 [2] and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV in 2012 [3] , while the newly emergent coronavirus, initially referred to as 2019-nCoV and subsequently termed SARS-CoV-2, the disease it produces has been termed COVID-19, which causes respiratory infection and can progress to severe pneumonia and, in a small number of cases, death [4] . A systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to assess the effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and its possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley [15] . The primary outcome variable of this study was the pregnancy outcomes observed, listed as follows: preterm birth (PTB; either before 37 or 34 weeks of gestation), preeclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, (pPROM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), miscarriage, maternal death, mode of delivery and other clinical feature, laboratory findings and coexisting disease. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344204-qq2vqzc2 author = Hariharan, Apurva title = The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5647 sentences = 307 flesch = 47 summary = Severe presentations of COVID-19 such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been associated with the post-viral activation and release of cytokine/chemokines which leads to a "cytokine storm" causing inflammatory response and destruction, mainly affecting the lungs. Immunomodulation at the level of NF-κB activation and inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) degradation along with TNF-α inhibition will potentially result in a reduction in the cytokine storm and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. During previous coronavirus outbreaks, such as SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) , it was reported that viral proteins such as nsp1, nsp3a, nsp7a, spike, and nucleocapsid protein all caused excessive NF-κB activation, possibly contributing to severe disease and high case-fatality rate (DeDiego et al. Herein, we review current literature on the effect of SARS-nCoV-2 infection on NF-κB activation and discuss the potential therapeutic role of inhibitors of this pathway in the treatment of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344198-jaagi88b author = Eimer, J. title = Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID‐19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1517 sentences = 77 flesch = 41 summary = Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Dear Editor, Amongst patients with COVID-19 who require treatment in intensive care for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rates have been reported between 16 and 78% [1] . Patients over 18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were eligible when admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe ARDS and were followed for 30 days from admission to ICU until discharge from hospital or until death, whichever occurred first. In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all-cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344302-p0v6sl9x author = Gubitosa, James C title = COVID-19-Associated Acute Limb Ischemia in a Patient on Therapeutic Anticoagulation date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3092 sentences = 178 flesch = 41 summary = Therapeutic anticoagulation was empirically initiated with subcutaneous enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice daily) given the hypercoagulable state observed in many COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer. The risk of thromboembolic events and the sheer magnitude of COVID-19-associated admissions have prompted many hospitals to establish novel protocols with which these individuals are provided anticoagulation at increased or even therapeutic doses compared to the more common prophylactic dose. A study of 449 COVID-19 patients demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in mortality (40.0% experimental, 64.2% control) in those receiving prophylactic doses of heparin and enoxaparin [14] . Given the cited relative deficiency of ATIII in CAC and nephrotic syndrome, one can hypothesize that an acute arterial thrombosis may have been avoided if this patient was started on an argatroban infusion from the beginning of his hospital course, which would have provided therapeutic anticoagulation independent of ATIII levels. COVID-19 associated acute limb ischemia in a patient on therapeutic anticoagulation: a case and literature review cache = ./cache/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344326-025ioy3r author = Usman, AA title = A Case Series of Devastating Intracranial Hemorrhage during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2991 sentences = 189 flesch = 44 summary = This report was created to describe the authors' single institutional experience, with emphasis on the high rate of intracranial hemorrhage for the first 10 patients with COVID-19 placed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). Despite maximal medical therapy, COVID-19 can progress to severe, refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) prompting clinicians to consider utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in appropriate cases, although early reports appeared to have high rates of mortality. This case series describes our single institutional neurological outcomes for the first ten patients placed on VV ECMO for COVID-19, of whom three had severe intraparenchymal hemorrhagic strokes resulting in death, one patient had a small subarachnoid hemorrhage and one patient had severe gastrointestinal bleeding. This unprecedented intracranial hemorrhage rate in COVID related ARDS requiring VV ECMO has prompted an evaluation of our anticoagulation practice by experts in hematology and neurology. cache = ./cache/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344270-874i31h8 author = Radke, Robert M title = Adult congenital heart disease and the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4677 sentences = 273 flesch = 39 summary = Based on anatomy and additional physiological factors including symptoms, exercise capacity, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis, we propose a pragmatic approach to categorising patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups. Patients with right heart dilatation or dysfunction are potentially at increased risk of right heart failure as mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures. While this may have ample indirect implications for the regular care of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) due to postponement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the focus of the current review is on the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on congenital patients. 31 Infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be suspected in ACHD patients presenting with fever, onset or worsening of dyspnoea, lower than usual peripheral oxygen saturation but also in case of unexplained worsening of ventricular function or new arrhythmia. Patients with Down syndrome (commonly associated with congenital heart disease and immune defects) are at higher risk for pulmonary infections and ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344295-gwbmsmbv author = Jenei, Kristina title = Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 999 sentences = 60 flesch = 50 summary = title: Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic Moreover, students who have lost work can apply for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). Graduate students in public health across Canada represent an untapped resource in public health responses to COVID-19. This is an opportune moment to support applied research in real time while building capacity for a strong public health workforce in the future. We urge universities to decrease or suspend tuition fees in the upcoming terms as we are forced to work remotely without the same calibre of academic, mental, and financial supports (Canada Federation for Students 2020). However, it also offers many novel opportunities for public health students to learn and contribute. Virtual mental health supports during COVID-19 Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344308-ijrze203 author = Bezzerri, Valentino title = Does cystic fibrosis constitute an advantage in COVID-19 infection? date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1148 sentences = 66 flesch = 47 summary = Moreover, respiratory viruses were generally associated with severe pulmonary impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF). [5] Because of the risk factors of chronic lung disease and host hyper-immune status, one would surmise that CF patients would be at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 illness. We conducted a retrospective study of 532 CF patients followed at the Cystic Fibrosis Center of Verona, Italy. All patients tested in this study reported symptoms consistent with respiratory infection and were hospitalized at Cystic Fibrosis Center of Verona. From 1 April to 23 July 2020, we contacted all the 532 patients from Veneto, of whom 118 subjects (22.2%), with a median age of 32.4 years (range 0.12-65.3 years), undergone further combined nose and throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2. Our data show instead that the prevalence of COVID-19 in CF population of one of the Italian region most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, namely Veneto region, is reduced compared with general population. cache = ./cache/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344498-mwgccbfo author = Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title = Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5776 sentences = 332 flesch = 46 summary = These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. cache = ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344382-vge4ho2v author = De Flora, Silvio title = Rationale for the use of N‐acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4995 sentences = 271 flesch = 41 summary = 5 Elderly individuals maintain a chronic low level of inflammation that is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, a condition that increases the severity of viral infections in this population and that could be attenuated by administration of antioxidants. 36 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical trial in 5 ICUs in the USA and Canada showed that the intravenous administration of NAC (70 mg/ kg body weight), every 8 hours for 10 days, effectively repleted GSH in red blood cells, decreased the number of days of acute lung injury, and significantly increased the cardiac index. 50 NAC inhibited the pulmonary inflammation and edema as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-10 (CXCL-10) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced the levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and mRNA in the lungs of BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with A/swine/HeBei/012/2008/ H9N2 influenza virus. cache = ./cache/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344503-gw5d721n author = Yousefzadegan, Sedigheh title = Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 957 sentences = 73 flesch = 60 summary = We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in three brothers in Iran. We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease in three brothers in Iran. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Although most critically ill COVID-19 patients are either elderly or have underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cancer, some previously healthy and even relatively young individuals have died from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344400-2gzip67i author = Zimmermann, M. title = They stumble that run fast: the economic and COVID-19 transmission impacts of reopening industries in the US date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3101 sentences = 172 flesch = 58 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 doi: medRxiv preprint After summing the four factors of workplace size, human interactions, inability to work from home, and industry size, in both California and Washington, the industries with the highest transmission risk index were (1) accommodation and food services, (2) retail trade, and (3) healthcare and social assistance ( Figure 2 ). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 doi: medRxiv preprint We found that the industry with the highest estimated economic impact due to COVID-19 was manufacturing in 40 states; accommodation and food services in six states (AZ, CO, FL, HI, NV, and NY); healthcare and social assistance in three states (AK, MD, and RI); and wholesale trade and other services (which includes repair and maintenance; personal and laundry services; religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations; and private households) in one state each (NJ and DC, respectively) (Figure 4 , top left). cache = ./cache/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344445-slv7r9u7 author = Vakharia, Kunal title = The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2415 sentences = 119 flesch = 50 summary = The discussion that has continued since the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome virus and avian influenza epidemics has focused on the potential for immunity among the general population and the moral obligation to treat that is often faced by healthcare professionals and institutions. With the growing literature and data suggesting the possibility of mutations, unequal impacts on different people and the potential repercussions of the spike protein for those with IgG immunity already, can society in good faith adopt a moral prerogative to put antibody-positive people in the front line? Healthcare workers form a group of individuals who recognise the potential of COVID-19, the impact it has had, and are still willing to go to work and continue to face the challenge. With limited knowledge about the significance of COVID-19 antibody testing at this time, it is hard to use this to stratify work in a healthcare setting or to use it for any purpose beyond epidemiological studies on the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344501-kc0q6k6j author = Zhu, Yongjian title = The mediating effect of air quality on the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in China date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3000 sentences = 142 flesch = 49 summary = We applied the generalized additive model to examine the association of human mobility index with COVID-19 confirmed cases, and to assess the mediating effects of air quality index and each pollutant. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 2 infection, and to assess the mediating role of air quality on this association, based on data from 120 cities in China. We also controlled the logarithm of the number of confirmed new cases in city i on day t-1 to account for potential serial correlation In the second part, we conducted the mediation analysis to test our hypothesis that air quality could partially mediate the association of human mobility with COVID-19 infection. The proportion of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection mediated was calculated by Equation (4) In the sensitivity analysis, we excluded Wuhan city from our data to examine the robustness of our results because the number of confirmed cases in Wuhan was much larger than that in others. cache = ./cache/cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344501-kc0q6k6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344361-amhc0ryh author = Ruggiero, Giuseppe title = Reply to: “Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak” date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 577 sentences = 44 flesch = 57 summary = title: Reply to: "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak" We read with interest "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak" [1] . in their letter described an increased number of acro-ischemic lesions in young patients from Spain [1] . In Italy, after the outbreak onset, many general pediatricians reported on our pediatric dermatology network unusual foot injuries, similar to chilblains and without any other symptoms. The Spanish authors found 132 cases in 41 days, while our patients were collected in 10 days. Almost the same number of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (1 vs 2 patients) was described in both cohorts. Pernio-like" acrolocated lesions onset and COVID-19. Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344357-ocyaqs1y author = Fu, Yue-Qiang title = Effect of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4482 sentences = 277 flesch = 58 summary = INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L was independently associated with mortality. The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L was independently associated with mortality. Another study also indicated that COVID-19 patients in the death group had significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission than the recovered group [8] . Collected information included: age; gender; concomitant disease; symptoms; hemoglobin; platelet; leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts; CRP, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4/8, CD19+, and CD16+56+;IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, C3, and C4 chest CT; alanine aminotransferase, creatinine; arterial blood gas; procalcitonin; and the result of the RT-PCR assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. cache = ./cache/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344529-k6divntz author = Mburu, C. N. title = The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5411 sentences = 330 flesch = 53 summary = Methods: Combining measles serological data, local contact patterns, and vaccination coverage into a cohort model, we predicted the age-adjusted population immunity in Kenya and estimated the probability of outbreaks when contact-reducing COVID-19 interventions are lifted. If routine measles vaccine coverage was reduced by 15%, 50% or 100% since April 2020, an SIA delivered to children 9 months to 5 years old in October 2020 with 95% coverage would reduce measles outbreak probability risk to 0% (0-11), 0% (0-12) and 0% (0-17) for coverage scenarios respectively in age-adjusted analysis. Our analysis suggests a decline in population immunity during COVID-19 pandemic will result in an increased risk of a measles outbreak depending on the extent to which routine vaccination coverage is reduced. The risk of an outbreak which was accelerated by immunity gaps arising in children missed their routinely delivered MCV continued to increase in subsequent months following the start of COVID-19 and by December 2020, the estimated risk had increased to 28%(4-49), 35%(16-52) and 44%(29-57) assuming a 15%, 50% and 100% reduction in measles vaccination coverage respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344375-pr6jlc5c author = Emert, Roger title = COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 49 flesch = 36 summary = In the inpatient setting, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to pneumonia and hypoxic respiratory failure demonstrate elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen, evidencing a hypercoagulable state [5] . [6] In patients with severe COVID, elevated D-dimer correlated positively with increased 28-day mortality [7] and current guidelines recommend therapeutic anti-Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulation in the setting of elevated D-dimers, as a high incidence of VTE has been reported on prophylactic dosing [8] . It stands to reason that viral infection from COVID-19, which has demonstrated remarkable elevations in hematological markers of coagulation [12] , would increase this risk further, especially as similar findings were seen in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a related coronavirus [13] . A recent prospective study of autopsy findings from consecutive deaths from COVID-19 found thromboembolic events to an important feature of mortality, with only a small proportion of patients characterized from the outpatient setting [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344609-sjekuh4d author = Devaraj, Anand title = Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 466 sentences = 33 flesch = 43 summary = title: Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic In the latest online publications of European Radiology, Gutzeit et al [1] , Deng et al [2] and Politi et al [3] have produced guidance on the critically important subject of infection control in radiology departments. All three articles stress the importance of staff training as well as the need for identifying key personnel with responsibilities for infection control specifically within the radiology department. The authors also emphasize the need for establishing "clean" and "infected" zones in hospitals, including separate CT scanners with dedicated transfer routes for patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Some aspects of the guidance will not be readily transferrable to all institutions and countries, such as the recommendation for dedicated isolation and observation wards for clinical staff, following work in high COVID-19 intensity wards. Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344581-h7ikjgic author = Ong, David S.Y. title = Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the hospital date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2071 sentences = 120 flesch = 54 summary = OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In the total cohort, Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test LFA had a sensitivity of 43/99 (43%; 95% CI 34-53) and specificity of 126/129 (98%; 95% CI 95-100). CONCLUSIONS: There is large variability in diagnostic test performance between rapid LFAs, but overall limited sensitivity and high specificity in acutely admitted patients. First, in a pilot phase 20 NAT-positive and 5 NAT-negative patients were retrospectively selected for which six LFAs were performed on heparin plasma samples obtained upon hospital presentation ( Figure S1 ), which corresponded to the dates of molecular testing. This study shows that the sensitivity of LFA was low in patients suspected for COVID-19 presenting to the hospital, but it improved in patients with at least seven days of symptoms and in those with CRP levels >100 mg/L upon presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344508-a67vsux2 author = Campanile, Fabio Cesare title = Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2394 sentences = 107 flesch = 43 summary = Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have. The SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove Tecnologie), ACS-Italy Chapter (American College of Surgeons), AICO (Associazione Italiana infermieri di Camera Operatoria), CRSA (Clinical Robotic Surgery Association), SICG (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Geriatrica), SICOP (Società Italiana di Chirurgia dell'Ospedalità Privata), SPIGC (Società Polispecialistica Italiana dei Giovani Chirurghi), and the WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) have come out in favor of a rational analysis of the issue, especially about the choice of the surgical techniques to be implemented, preferring a "selective" approach that does not exclude the use of laparoscopy a priori but, instead, strongly considers it. cache = ./cache/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344647-jr85915d author = Joseph, Adrien title = Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3537 sentences = 193 flesch = 51 summary = Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection but data are scarce in ICUs. AKI has been previously reported with an average incidence of 11% (8-17%) overall, with highest ranges in the critically ill (23%; 14-35%) [2] [3] [4] . Different applications of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI, in particular different methods to estimate missing baseline creatinine and handling urinary output, can cause important variations of estimated incidence [5, 6] and may contribute to the discrepancies among these studies. High levels of IL-6 have been associated with the development of severe disease [24, 25] and acute respiratory distress syndrome [8] during COVID-19 infection, but the role of inflammation markers in COVID-19-induced-AKI remains speculative [7] . Our study suggests a tremendously high incidence of AKI in our cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, along with an independent association between AKI and outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344389-aj9q73f0 author = Brosnahan, Shari B. title = COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalizations Followed by Re-presentation for Presumed Thrombotic Event date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1668 sentences = 106 flesch = 42 summary = This series describes clinical observations at a large academic hospital center (in New York City), related to increased rates of thrombotic events in patients re-presenting to healthcare within a short timeframe after an index COVID-19 admission. These observations have raised our concern regarding a continued hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients despite clinical stability that exists post-hospitalization; patients with certain risk factors may benefit from extended VTE prophylaxis. All patients re-presented within 8 days of discharge, echoing prior studies that depict the highest risk for thrombosis post-hospitalization for a medical illness occurs within 9 days. Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility: a randomized trial Recognition of biomarker identified high-risk patients in the acute medically ill venous thromboembolism prevention with extended duration betrixaban study resulting in a protocol amendment Modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score and Elevated D-Dimer Identify a High Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Acutely Ill Medical Population for Extended Thromboprophylaxis cache = ./cache/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344709-5hy1e4t1 author = Patel, Brijesh V. title = Pulmonary Angiopathy in Severe COVID-19: Physiologic, Imaging, and Hematologic Observations date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4506 sentences = 226 flesch = 40 summary = Measurements and Results: In 39 consecutive patients (male:female, 32:7; mean age, 53 ± 10 yr [range, 29–79 yr]; Black and minority ethnic, n = 25 [64%]), there was a significant vascular perfusion abnormality and increased physiologic dead space (dynamic compliance, 33.7 ± 14.7 ml/cm H(2)O; Murray lung injury score, 3.14 ± 0.53; mean ventilatory ratios, 2.6 ± 0.8) with evidence of hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic "shutdown". Accordingly, we examined a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia abnormalities focusing on 1) physiologic data, 2) findings on computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA), 3) lung perfusion as demonstrated by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) pulmonary blood volume "maps," and 4) hematologic tests evidence of hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis. Pulmonary vascular abnormalities including dilated peripheral vessels, the so-called "vascular tree-in-bud" pattern, and perfusion defects are common computed tomography findings in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344486-iu5flbcl author = Chiotos, Kathleen title = Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8595 sentences = 416 flesch = 37 summary = In the few months since this initial publication, new evidence has emerged demonstrating the efficacy of the antiviral medication remdesivir in shortening time to clinical recovery in adults with COVID-19, while several other studies have shown ineffectiveness of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir-ritonavir (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . Further, additional observational studies have provided insight into the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in children, demonstrating that while most young patients experience mild illness, a small proportion develop severe illness associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mortality (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) . Nevertheless, the panel recognizes that pediatric clinicians are likely to consider comorbidities when weighing the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy on a case-bycase basis, and in making these decisions may consider: 1) the available, albeit limited, pediatric COVID-19 literature; 2) risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 in adults; and 3) pre-existing medical conditions in children associated with worse clinical outcomes for other viral infections. cache = ./cache/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344404-whdxjef0 author = Fatmi, Mahmudur Rahman title = COVID – 19 Impact on Urban Mobility date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2429 sentences = 142 flesch = 55 summary = This study utilizes data from the COVID – 19 Survey for assessing Travel impact (COST) for the Kelowna region of British Columbia, Canada. A comparative analysis of adjustment in out-of-home activities during COVID – 19 and the pre-pandemic period suggests that work-related travel increased for some occupations such as health, community, government, and sales and services. Data from the COST survey is utilized to analyze engagement in in-home activities, out-of-home travel activities, and long-distance travel of individuals residing in the Kelowna region of Canada. This section presents analysis regarding individuals' daily activities including out-of-home activities and in-home activities, and long-distance travel immediately following the travel restrictions imposed in British Columbia, Canada. A comparative analysis of adjustment in the out-of-home activities during COVID -19 and the pre-pandemic period suggests that work-related travel increased for some occupations such as health, education, law, community, government, and sales and services. cache = ./cache/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344425-27q9x6hb author = Mantica, Guglielmo title = Reply to D.G. Barten et al “Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear” date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 430 sentences = 29 flesch = 57 summary = title: Reply to D.G. Barten et al "Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear" We read with interest the reply letter of DG Barten et al 1 to our manuscript 2 and we do strongly agree with the Authors about some indirect effects of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing, reduction of working hours, and traffic movements as co-responsible for the reduced access to the emergency departments by non-COVID-19 patients. In this perspective, streamline the workflow in Emergency Departments and non-COVID Departments as well as effective communication by the health-care system of different countries becomes fundamental in order to provide patients with COVID-free pathways, thus reducing delay in diagnosis and treatment. Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear cache = ./cache/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344553-uya1j94u author = Bodova, K. title = Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3861 sentences = 176 flesch = 49 summary = In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. The associations between BCG vaccination policy and COVID-19 disease progression have also been a subject to controversy in data analysis, with some studies claiming significant effects on the number of cases and case fatality rates (Miller et al., 2020; Berg et al., 2020) , while others criticizing weaknesses of those studies and claiming no statistically significant differences (Szigeti et al., 2020; Hensel et al., 2020; Fukui et al., 2020; Singh, 2020) . In this study, we have estimated a variety of indicators characteristic for different stages of COVID-19 epidemics, also adjusting for time since the beginning of the epidemics in each country, and found that several key indicators show weak, but statistically significant, associations with BCG vaccination status. cache = ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344682-4vpm7m1h author = Ellison, E Christopher title = Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6045 sentences = 262 flesch = 40 summary = title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators It included both closedand open-ended questions and the self-reported stages of GME during the COVID-19 pandemic as defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Respondents reported the Sponsoring Institution's (SI)ACGME Stage as either Stage 1: business as usual; Stage 2: increased but manageable clinical demand; or Stage 3: crossing a threshold beyond which the increase in volume and/or severity of illness creates an extraordinary circumstance where routine care education and delivery must be reconfigured to focus only on patient care. The experience with the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for institutions to develop disaster plans that include disruption to educational programs that not only include the "rules of engagement" around clinical redeployment but also the continuation of didactics and psychological counseling and other supportive infrastructure including childcare that are critical to sustain the wellness of learners. cache = ./cache/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344572-90gqyn1q author = Lee, Whanhee title = COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4442 sentences = 234 flesch = 55 summary = This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase. In addition, as of 13 April, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 2.1%, suggesting a positive effect of the targeted treatment policy for severe patients and medical resources. Several international media outlets and governments have highlighted the 'aggressive testing' strategy that Korea implemented in the early stage of the epidemic and its consequences, leading to a drastic reduction in the spread and the lower fatality rate of COVID-19. In conclusion, our study describes the epidemiological spread patterns of COVID-19 in Korea and suggests the effectiveness of intervention policies based on aggressive Table 3 Associations between medical indicators and fatality rate with the total cases at region level. cache = ./cache/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344813-dlpn3l0j author = Chen, Cheng‐Ren title = Preparing for COVID‐19: The experiences of a long‐term care facility in Taiwan date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1461 sentences = 81 flesch = 50 summary = 3 Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are high-risk settings for severe outcomes of the COVID-19 outbreak, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents. 4 To prevent large-scale community transmission of COVID-19, Taiwan has taken advanced steps in terms of medical care planning (e.g. border control, identifying cases, quarantining suspicious cases, proactively searching for cases, allocating resources etc.).5 Thus far, just 395 COVID-19 patients have been confirmed, six of whom have died. In this article, we share our experiences regarding how we have responded to COVID-19 in our LTFC based on the management of visitors, residents and healthcare professionals (HCP), as well as government support and policies. 8 Psychosocial interventions are crucial for the elderly people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent stroke and cardiovascular disease. Preparing for COVID-19: The experiences of a long-term care facility in Taiwan cache = ./cache/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344714-0cam9ipf author = Russo, Maria title = Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8395 sentences = 394 flesch = 46 summary = Here, we reviewed the capacity of well-known (e.g. quercetin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperetin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) and uncommon (e.g. scutellarein, amentoflavone, papyriflavonol A) flavonoids, secondary metabolites widely present in plant tissues with antioxidant and anti-microbial functions, to inhibit key proteins involved in coronavirus infective cycle, such as PL(pro), 3CL(pro), NTPase/helicase. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 and Furin protease activities can be considered an interesting therapeutic option against coronavirus infection, especially COVID-19, allowing the block and/or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as recently reported [28] . Based on these observations, it is not surprising that molecular docking approach, summarized in Fig. 3 , supports the role of flavonoids in the inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL pro by binding His41 and Cys145 of the catalytic site and other active site residues (e.g., Met49, Gly143, His163, His164, Glu166, Pro168, and Gln89), stimulating their validation by in vitro and in vivo studies. cache = ./cache/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344705-co0nk7pt author = Eichler, Hans‐Georg title = Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2988 sentences = 140 flesch = 44 summary = We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision-relevant clinical trials. Now is the time to ensure that the window of opportunity will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct clinical trials that deliver. cache = ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344715-i7qxe40b author = Entress, Rebecca title = Managing Mass Fatalities during COVID‐19: Lessons for Promoting Community Resilience During Global Pandemics date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3742 sentences = 198 flesch = 53 summary = This article concludes by providing governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities to facilitate and promote community resilience. For example, when one Detroit hospital reached morgue capacity, bodies of COVID-19 victims were stacked in empty hospital rooms, without regard for how those deceased and their family members expected bodies to be treated following death (Young, Carpenter, and Murphy 2020) . To address the issue, areas throughout the United States, including New York, Louisiana, and Florida prepared for mass fatalities by using refrigerated trailers as temporary morgues to hold bodies of patients deceased from COVID-19 (Hirt and Priest 2020; Similar to COVID-19, following the Haiti earthquake, the deceased were buried in mass graves and family members sorted through bodies to identify loved ones (McEntire, Sadiq, and Gupta 2012). Drawing from one of the author's experience during the Haiti earthquake, this viewpoint article provides governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities during the COVID-19 pandemic to better facilitate and promote community resilience. cache = ./cache/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344693-znw3dru4 author = Lima, Brian title = COVID‐19 in recent heart transplant recipients: Clinicopathologic features and early outcomes date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1840 sentences = 104 flesch = 43 summary = 11 The question remains whether the inferences drawn from these larger studies in the general population can be extrapolated to immunosuppressed patients, eg, heart transplant (HTx) recipients, a vulnerable population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities that continue to be present post-HTx. Increased risk of severe illness is suggested by a recent study which reported a mortality rate of 25% among HTx patients with COVID-19 in a single transplant center. [21] [22] [23] [24] COVID-19's established predilection for direct myocardial injury 4,7-9,25-27 warrants a more comprehensive examination focusing specifically on HTx cases to improve our understanding of how this illness impacts graft function, occurrence of rejection, presence of donor specific antibodies, and other clinical nuances unique to HTx. Thus, the goal of the present study is to share novel insights from our experience in five HTx patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 at a large quaternary hospital in the New York City area. cache = ./cache/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344729-sjjedgws author = Bhaskar, Sonu title = Acute Neurological Care in the COVID-19 Era: The Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium Pathway date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3715 sentences = 181 flesch = 42 summary = The management of acute neurological conditions, particularly acute ischemic stroke, in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of importance, considering the risk of infection to the healthcare workers and patients and emerging evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of the virus. Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke during COVID-19 pandemic could be challenging and certain precautions must be taken in order to protect healthcare workers, particularly in the delivery of endovascular treatment, where aerosol could be produced during the procedures, to prevent further vector transmission (9) . Notably, these guidelines concur with the "Consensus Statement from Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care" about "Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic (9), " in that general anesthesia should be used if there are concerns surrounding the need for mid-procedural conversion and intubation which could be very detrimental and could expose the whole team, a scenario that should be avoided at all cost. cache = ./cache/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344658-4z2697q6 author = Hutasoit, Novana title = Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2469 sentences = 132 flesch = 54 summary = title: Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology The primary intention was to alleviate the tendency of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus to linger longer on touch surfaces that attract high-to-medium volume human contact, such as the push plates used in publicly accessed buildings and hospitals. This work showcases the capability of cold-spray as a potential copper-coating solution for different in-use parts and components that can act as sources for the spread of the virus. In this work the authors have deposited copper coatings onto the stainless steel push-plates in a matter of 7 mins only, which is a marvellous demonstration of the application of the cold spray coating process for ongoing and future challenges arising from the pandemic. Table 1 and Fig. 2 presents the viricidal activity results of SARS-CoV-2 virus when exposed to three different metallic surfaces and compared with COVID-19 only and positive control solutions. cache = ./cache/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344653-to7571tw author = Whatley, Mary C. title = Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4988 sentences = 311 flesch = 62 summary = In the current studies, we examined mood, expectations regarding aging, coronavirus attitudes, and loneliness in younger and older adults. Eighty-six older adults who completed the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) and Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) between January 2018 and December 2019 (Time 1) were contacted to participate. In Study 1, we found that overall, our sample of older adults was maintaining positive mood and expectations about aging during the COVID-19 pandemic, but that they reported more negative arousal. In Study 2, we attempted to replicate findings from Study 1 regarding loneliness, COVID-19 attitudes, mood, and expectations regarding aging in a larger sample of older adults. We also examined age-related differences in mood, expectations about aging, loneliness, and attitudes toward COVID-19 in a national sample of older and younger adults. Pearson's correlations were conducted within each age group to examine associations between overall ERA score, BMIS pleasant-unpleasant mood, COVID-19 score, loneliness rating, and relevant demographic factors like age, gender, education, income, and overall health. cache = ./cache/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344566-r75o7ips author = Temiz, Selami Aykut title = Evaluation Of Dermatology Consultations In The Era Of COVID19 date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1925 sentences = 106 flesch = 45 summary = The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P = 0.001). In our study, we wanted to evaluate the features such as how dermatology consultations were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is well established in our daily practice, features of the patients consulted, and skin findings in patients with suspected disease. The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (p=0.001). With respect to the dermatology consultations in the pre-pandemic literature, it was found that a skin biopsy was performed on 4-13% of the patients (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) . Analysis of Consultation Cases Referred from Pediatrics Department to Dermatology Outpatient Clinic: Retrospective Study cache = ./cache/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344939-rgxqobfw author = Ng, C. W. Q. title = Maintaining breast cancer care in the face of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1480 sentences = 99 flesch = 42 summary = The authors have prepared succinct recommendations regarding the care of patients with breast cancer, divided into phases that can easily be adapted to each units' needs and resources, and stepped up or stepped down according to escalating and de‐escalating circumstances. The operational recommendations of the unit were developed after reviewing available guidelines 1-4 with the following priorities: patient safety and oncological outcomes; staff safety; and rationing of resources, prioritizing timely detection of cancers whose delayed diagnosis could significantly affect patient prognosis and survival. Patients with higher perioperative risks that potentially necessitate high-dependency or intensive care should be deferred to NACT/NAET if possible, as these are the most valuable resources for treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary International guidelines on radiation therapy for breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344778-2p1mm3vg author = Gasparri, Maria Luisa title = Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: an international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST) date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2685 sentences = 165 flesch = 47 summary = The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-hundred and fifty-two/377 (67%) responders considered chemotherapy as being riskier for developing severe COVID-19-related complications compared to surgery and radiation therapy. The reported cases of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during BC treatment or within 14 days following treatment are 10%, 7% and 4% for chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy, respectively. This large international survey among breast cancer centres showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected management of BC patients, including treatment modifications, longer waiting times and increased use of genomic profile analysis. Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344909-0o55l4iy author = Cross, Robert W. title = Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5711 sentences = 291 flesch = 49 summary = However, and importantly, lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory compartments, reduced gross and histopathological lesion severity in the lungs, and reductions in several parameters associated with coagulation and inflammatory processes were observed in monkeys that received convalescent sera versus untreated controls. Differences in clinical parameters of the LD-treated group with untreated control animals from this study or historical control animals were minimal; however, the lack of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in the BAL samples from all of the LD-treated animals and reduced lung pathology suggest that an antiviral effect was present despite the lower concentration of neutralizing antibodies in the dose of convalescent sera administered. PRNT50 assays were performed on pooled convalescent sera from AGMs challenged with the homologous isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in previous studies (Cross et al., 2020; Woolsey et al., 2020) compared with control animals on day 2 post infection (d) and cache = ./cache/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344911-pw0ghz3m author = July, Julius title = Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2123 sentences = 140 flesch = 49 summary = title: Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke care, including the number of stroke alerts/codes, number of reperfusions, and number of thrombectomies during the pandemic compared to those during the pre-pandemic period. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on stroke care, including the number of stroke alerts/codes, number of reperfusions, and number of thrombectomies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Meta-analysis of proportion was used to determine the number of stroke alerts/codes, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies during the pandemic compared to that during the historical pre-pandemic control period. A meta-analysis of 9 studies showed that the number of stroke alerts/codes, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies was less during the pandemic period than during the prepandemic period. cache = ./cache/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344750-b9tndbg1 author = Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian title = Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2773 sentences = 143 flesch = 53 summary = To shed more light on the issue of willingness to be vaccinated, we investigated people attitudes about vaccination against COVID-19 in an online survey among representative samples of the population (in terms of region, gender, age group and education) in seven European countries (N = 7.662). Looking at the open text explanations given to the category "other", we saw that a common concern seems to be that a COVID-19 vaccine might be experimental, without any studies on side effects, and that the vaccine may not be safe for specific groups, such as for pregnant woman, people with pre-existing conditions like MS, allergic persons etc. If this group needs to be convinced to be vaccinated to get to herd immunity, clear communication about safety, and potential side effects of the vaccine is especially important. cache = ./cache/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344829-adlp2rjy author = de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Carlos title = The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8722 sentences = 423 flesch = 37 summary = Here we review the literature regarding the mechanism of inflammasome activation by CoV infection, the role of the inflammasome in ARDS, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) as well as the potential mechanism by which the inflammasome may contribute to the damaging effects of inflammation in the cardiac, renal, digestive, and nervous systems in COVID-19 patients. Here we review the literature on the role of the inflammasome in CoV infections, which includes how CoVs activate inflammasomes upon infection, the role of the inflammasome in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), how ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) activates the inflammasome, how the inflammasome plays a role in the systemic complications associated with COVID-19, and how the inflammasome is involved in the process of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). cache = ./cache/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344948-cve3mqd8 author = Adhikari, Jagannath title = COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6617 sentences = 285 flesch = 51 summary = Key Informants -Government policy makers (2) 1) Mid-April 2020 (10) 2) Mid-Oct 2020 (10) Government policies to deal with such crisis; what supports are provided, how and to whom; policy gaps in agricultural sector in general and food security in particular as exposed by the crisis; experience/idea with regard to resiliency of prevailing farming systems to cope with such crisis; role of indigenous food systems in such crisis; what new initiatives taken at different government levels to deal with the crisis and continue with food production, marketing, distribution through trade/transportation, supply of inputs, new incentive structures; effectiveness of these new initiatives and which seem to work effectively; what could be the policies options for the future to deal with the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344949-9zyz4hll author = Luban, Jeremy title = The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5552 sentences = 277 flesch = 47 summary = a Selectivity index is the ratio of CC50 to EC50 b values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) Abbreviations: CC50, compound concentration at which cell number is reduced by 50%; EC50, compound concentration at which viral replication on a linear scale is inhibited by 50%; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HCV, hepatitis C virus replicon genotype 1b; PIV-3, Parainfluenza type 3; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TCID50, tissue culture infectious dose 50%. In the BT co-cell culture system, which models chronic inflammatory conditions driven by B cell activation and antibody production, incubation of cells with 10 nM PTC299 resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of soluble (s)IgG, sIL-17A, sIL-17F, sIL-6, and sTNFα released from the cells after 72 hours of stimulation (range, 49% to 68%) (all p values <0.01) ( Figure 4 and Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344688-uu3b529c author = Song, Xue-Jun title = Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2377 sentences = 106 flesch = 50 summary = In the initial stages of the pandemic spanning late January to early February, medical systems in Wuhan faced overwhelming shortages of health care workers and key medical resources including medical-grade personal protective equipment, as well as limited space in hospitals for managing the surge of patients with COVID-19. With the help of public health systems, we were able to keep most patients home and provide them with necessary medical services including telemedicine support. Telemedicine became a convenient and effective way to provide necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the initial periods of the epidemic, as it allowed patients with nonemergent conditions to remain at home and allowed hospitalized patients who had been discharged early to maintain continuity of care. The epidemic provided many medical professionals an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine into pain management for the first time due to the urgent need for remote health care services. cache = ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344817-8xz7xbh1 author = Hens, Niel title = The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2458 sentences = 163 flesch = 57 summary = 7, 8 A key difference between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza is the very different reproduction number, b, [9] [10] [11] a key quantity that, together with the recovery rate, k, drives the evolution over time of the susceptible, infected and recovered fractions, S(t), I(t) and R(t), respectively. [10] [11] [12] The reproduction number is very different between seasonal influenza, where it is usually around 1.5, and COVID-19, where it is estimated at about 2.5 if medication nor vaccines are available, and no nonpharmaceutical interventions are implemented. The total volume of the epidemic will reduce, as the total fraction of infected population members is roughly equal to 1 -1/ b, but a much more important effect is that the number of infected cases at any point in time remains below the (perhaps enhanced) capacity of the health care system. cache = ./cache/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344985-3mu9rrql author = Fakhruddin, Bapon title = Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4305 sentences = 202 flesch = 48 summary = While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. cache = ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344978-m672rnze author = Chen, Yuntian title = A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3966 sentences = 242 flesch = 49 summary = title: A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study Three different models were constructed by using the traditional quantitative imaging metrics, radiomics features and their combinations, respectively. In this study, we use quantitative data analysis of chest CT images to detect the existence of ARDS during the COVID-19 treatment. Our results showed that used radiomics or quantitative metrics to monitor the ARDS existence was feasible, which had expanded the effectiveness of CT scans during the COVID-19 treatment, although it is still in controversy for reasons of availability, cost, and increased risk of cross-infection and radiation dosage [23] . Our results showed that radiomics or traditional quantitative post-analysis on a CT image could add extra information of disease condition in COVID-19 patients. A noninvasive ARDS existence monitoring model was constructed by using quantitative and radiomics analysis of chest CT images for COVDI-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344853-s2p2csrx author = Hendren, Nicholas S. title = Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6688 sentences = 357 flesch = 34 summary = A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. S ince the index cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic infecting >1 million individuals by early April 2020. In this document, we focus on a prominent myocarditis-like syndrome involving acute myocardial injury often associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Additional studies, including collection of endomyocardial tissue by biopsy and autopsy studies, are required to delineate the pattern and proportion of ACovCS related to acute myocarditis versus general myocardial injury caused by systemic cytokine dysregulation. cache = ./cache/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344824-myaiilra author = Sha, D. title = Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5738 sentences = 287 flesch = 51 summary = A data-driven approach is developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies or medical burden at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. Then we develop two medical resource deficiency indices that measure the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU beds per critical care staff, respectively. In this report, three fundamental elements or features, i.e. ventilators, ICU beds, and critical care staff (CCS) were identified as medical resources to plan for or manage a COVID-19 pandemic, and it would be wise to consider the interconnections among these factors in a spatiotemporal data analysis framework. cache = ./cache/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345067-kummh0g7 author = Nachega, Jean B. title = Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1178 sentences = 70 flesch = 54 summary = title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? 3 However, as lockdowns and social distancing measures are currently being lifted in stages by most African countries, governments will need to ensure that public health infrastructure and needed resources are put in place for community surveillance to identify cases and clusters of new infections through active case finding, large-scale testing, and contact tracing. 7 Mobile phone technology (mHealth) platforms are effective in improving service delivery and outcomes for many health conditions in Africa and globally, including HIV infection, tuberculosis, and chronic noncommunicable diseases. 7, 8 With the support of global mobile technology companies and small and medium enterprises within Africa, mHealth offers opportunities ranging from text messaging to mobile apps to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. COVID-19 AND MOBILE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA cache = ./cache/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344970-ud1lhkyi author = Fecchi, Katia title = Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5433 sentences = 276 flesch = 43 summary = Lipid rafts are specialized plasma membrane microdomains involved in important processes of the virus infections and of the host target cells (Rosenberger et al., 2000) . This minireview reports on the available knowledge about the interplay between coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, with lipid rafts and autophagic pathways, in order to focus the attention to novel potential targets to inhibit coronavirus infections. As outlined in this review, lipid rafts and autophagic pathways play a pivotal role in coronavirus infection, being critical for viral entry and replication, as well as for viral release from the host cells. In fact, different drugs described as inhibitors or inducers of the autophagy that control host cell pathways process involved in coronavirus infection, have sparked interest for their potential antiviral activity (Shakya et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020 ; Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345083-f2jzho3i author = Gachohi, John title = Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1043 sentences = 58 flesch = 52 summary = title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa Following the initial reports of the cases in March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic curve grew slowly in the lead phase lasting three months between mid-March and mid-June 2020 in response to intensive public health responses mounted to contain the disease spread in Kenya 1 . Manuscript title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East AfricaThe authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. cache = ./cache/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345065-5520ckdr author = Maalouf, Fadi T. title = Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3920 sentences = 265 flesch = 56 summary = title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis The objective of this study is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of the West Africa Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks. A minority of documents reported funding, was the product of international collaboration, or was published by authors located in low-income countries during the three outbreaks in general, and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. Our objective is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of EVD and H1N1 outbreaks. Concerning research accessibility, the proportion of outbreak-related mental health documents published in Open Access format was 81% for COVID-19, 57% for Ebola, and 32% for H1N1. cache = ./cache/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345040-cuau2dcy author = Alom, Samiha title = Use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients: Does the evidence suffice? date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2704 sentences = 152 flesch = 47 summary = In March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) released interim guidelines that advocate the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support the cardiorespiratory system in patients who fail maximal conventional therapies with ARDS [4] . We have performed a comprehensive electronic literature search following 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalysis' (PRISMA) guidelines and using key words 'COVID-19' 'SARS-CoV2' 'Coronavirus' 'ECMO' 'Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation' 'VA-ECMO' 'VV-ECMO' 'Outcomes' 'Respiratory support' 'circulatory support' either as MeSH terms or in the combined key-word formats. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis which included the CESAR [31] and EOLIA [32] trials amongst others, the use of VV-ECMO in acute severe respiratory failure was associated with a 60-day reduced mortality (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92) when compared with conventional mechanical ventilation [33] . Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report cache = ./cache/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344986-nknt413b author = Heymann, D L title = Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19? date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1682 sentences = 99 flesch = 54 summary = Speaking at a virtual event hosted at WHO-HQ to celebrate the 40 year anniversary of smallpox eradication, WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, "As the world confronts the COVID-19 pandemic, humanity's victory over smallpox is a reminder of what is possible when nations come together to fight a common health threat." 2 Some of the lessons learned from the eradication of smallpox could be essential in helping us now tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, the special programs to detect and isolate cases, and contain outbreaks, called "surveillance and containment", was thought to be one of the key components of smallpox eradication. If we come together collectively and use the public health tools that we have at hand, enhanced by vaccination, we will be successful in containing COVID-19 despite geopolitical tensions, just as we were successful in eradicating smallpox despite the Cold War at the time. cache = ./cache/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345114-b06uz0sj author = Klinger, Danielle title = Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6987 sentences = 368 flesch = 51 summary = The analysis of countries according to an age-group partition reveals that the strongest correlation is attributed to the coverage in BCG vaccination of the young population (0–24 years). Due to the varying effect of each age group on the viral spread in the population, we next investigated the relevance of age groups to the observation showing that years of BCG administration are strongly correlated with better COVID-19 outcomes. Due to the varying effect of each age group on the viral spread in the population, we next investigated the relevance of age groups to the observation showing that years of BCG administration are strongly correlated with better COVID-19 outcomes. The histogram (d-f) shows the statistical significance of the correlation of BCG years of administration for the 4 different COVID-19 outcomes according to the 3 age groups marked as: young (d) middle age (e) and elderly (f). cache = ./cache/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345059-t6hojshj author = Bayoumy, A. B. title = Unrealized potential of drug repositioning in europe during COVID-19 and beyond: a physcian’s perspective date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5421 sentences = 281 flesch = 45 summary = Clinical research groups recognizing the efficacy of these old and often off patent generic drugs need funding and regulatory support for patient benefit through the process of clinical drug development. The orphan regulation declares that a drug that has been labeled as an orphan drug by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use receives market exclusivity for a period of 10 years. Well-balanced regulatory support from national market authority agencies or the EMA is urgently needed for clinical research groups that intend to repurpose older drugs for new indications. The current framework for drug repositioning allows "venture capital" companies to abuse loopholes in the legislation to gain long-term market authorization among with excessive high pricing. The current framework for drug repositioning allows "venture capital" companies to abuse loopholes in the legislation to gain long-term market authorization among with excessive high pricing. cache = ./cache/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345064-it26ygo6 author = Lotzin, Annett title = Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4685 sentences = 248 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO's social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The study will examine the relationships between these complex risk and resilience factors, stressors, coping behaviour and stress-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries. In addition to the core set of measures described above, each participating country may include optional instruments to assess the following constructs: resilience, coping behaviours, symptoms of depression, and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345198-avnxgwwj author = Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title = Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 703 sentences = 53 flesch = 58 summary = Citizens with positive symptoms will receive personal and family protection advice in accordance with the MOHME guidelines in the form of Short Message Service (SMS) and will be referred to the nearest selected Comprehensive Health Centers (CHCs) where they are checked by the physician according to the national protocol for COVID-19 and, if necessary, referred to emergency departments of hospitals. Asymptomatic citizens will receive an SMS stating that if you experience symptoms of the disease in the coming days, update your symptom information on the website or refer the selected CHCs. For citizens who do not have access to the internet or are unable to record information about their symptoms on this website, clinical officers (Behvarz in Persian) in rural areas and healthcare providers (Moragheb-e-salamat in Persian) in urban and suburban areas will perform screening and follow-up based on electronic health records using the 4030 line. cache = ./cache/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345125-s96xufes author = McCloskey, Brian title = Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1755 sentences = 87 flesch = 46 summary = at MGs in response to the World Health Assembly's endorsement on Dec 22, 2011, of the 130th Executive Board Decision "Global mass gatherings: implications and opportunities for global health security" that encompassed joint planning, enhancement of health infrastructures, and taking proper pre-emptive and preventive measures to control infectious diseases on an international scale. 4 Since then, many MGs have been held safely and successfully without any major communicable disease issues arising, 3,5-7 even for MG events held during three WHO declared Public Health Emergencies of International Concern: the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa during the H1N1 influenza pandemic; the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations Football tournament in Equatorial Guinea during the outbreak of Ebola virus disease; and the Rio 2016 Olympics during the Zika virus outbreak. Action plans should include: WHO, working with global partners in MG health, many of whom were involved in the Riyadh conferences and The Lancet's 2014 Mass Gatherings Medicine Series, [4] [5] [6] [7] 13 has developed comprehensive recommendations for managing the public health aspects of MGs that have been updated with interim key recommendations for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345191-nabxpyw3 author = Bell, Sadie title = Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1956 sentences = 102 flesch = 50 summary = 180 of interest such as underrepresented populations in the survey (e.g. participants from ethnic 181 minority groups or reporting a lower household income) and/or indicated they would likely 182 refuse a COVID-19 vaccine, for their child or themselves. Interviews lasted Parents' and guardians' views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multimethods study in England 213 INSERT TABLE 1 HERE 214 215 43.3% of survey participants (n=530) provided their details to be contacted for a follow-on 216 interview. 255 To protect self and others 256 Of survey participants expressing positive intentions to vaccinate and leaving an open-text 257 response, the most prevalent reason was to provide protection from COVID-19 to the Parents' and guardians' views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multimethods study in England 259 protecting other people (for self: 23.7%, n=213; for child: 19.5%, n=180), including family 260 members (for self: 12.2%, n=109; for child: 5.3%, n=49). cache = ./cache/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345092-1ztfcpsb author = Iwasaki, Masae title = Inflammation Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Augment Drives Multiple Organ Failure of Severe COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11428 sentences = 550 flesch = 44 summary = Severe patients of COVID-19 often develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction/failure with high mortality that may be closely related to the hyper-proinflammatory status called the "cytokine storm." Massive cytokines including interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) released from SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages and monocytes lead inflammation-derived injurious cascades causing multi-organ injury/failure. ARB/ACE-I, angiotensin receptor blocker/ACE2 inhibitor; AT1aR, angiotensin receptor subtype 1a; C3, complement component 3; E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin; gp130, glycoprotein 130; IL, interleukin; JAK, Janus kinase; MAPK, mitogenactivated protein kinase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; mIL-6R, membrane interleukin 6 receptor; MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein Kinase B; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; sIL-6R, soluble interleukin 6 receptor; SOCS3, the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3; STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription; sTNFα, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tfh, follicular helper T cell; Th0, naive T cell; Th17, T helper 17 cell; TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TPO, thrombopoietin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. cache = ./cache/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345225-2s5xd1oc author = Soares, F. title = A novel high specificity COVID-19 screening method based on simple blood exams and artificial intelligence date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4558 sentences = 236 flesch = 51 summary = We developed a machine learning classifier that takes widely available simple blood exams as input and predicts if that suspect case is likely to be positive (having SARS-CoV-2) or negative(not having SARS-CoV-2). We developed a machine learning classifier that takes widely available simple blood exams as input and predicts if that suspect case is likely to be positive (having SARS-CoV-2) or negative(not having SARS-CoV-2). Based on this data, we built an artificial intelligence classification framework, ER-CoV, aiming at determining which patients were more likely to be negative for SARS-CoV-2 when visiting an ER and that were categorized as a suspect case by medical professionals. Considering the aforementioned successes in integrating AI and medicine, we propose ER-CoV, an artificial intelligence-based screening method that uses blood exams to triage patients suspect of COVID-19 arriving at emergency rooms. cache = ./cache/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345108-gtp36snr author = Al-Ani, Raid M. title = Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3252 sentences = 179 flesch = 60 summary = The male sex, history of recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were positive, highly significant association with anosmia or ageusia. Data regarding the age, gender, history of recent travel, presenting symptoms (fever, myalgia, cough, dyspnea, fatigability, sore throat, anosmia, ageusia, diarrhea, etc.), past nasal and paranasal diseases (NPND), history of smoking, and the severity of the disease were taken from every patient who tested positive. There was a positively statistically significant difference between the 2 groups of patients (with and without anosmia) regarding the following factors the male sex, history of recent travel, smokers, and severe course of the disease. There was a positively statistically significant difference between the 2 groups of patients (with and without ageusia) regarding the following factors the male sex, history of recent travel, smokers, past history of NPND, and severe course of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345304-n74m5ucs author = Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi title = THE CHALLENGING AND UNPREDICTABLE SPECTRUM OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1855 sentences = 95 flesch = 39 summary = 6 Based on current evidence, older adults and people of all ages with underlying medical conditions, including severe obesity, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, active cancer, transplantation and immunocompromised have been associated with poor clinical outcomes and higher fatality rates from COVID-19. One of the largest pediatric cancer programs in the USA, in New York city, reported that 20/178 (11%) children and adolescents with cancer had positive test for SARS-CoV-2. 11 The overwhelmed public health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious risk for pediatric general health, limiting access of children and adolescents to basic health care, compromising immunization coverages and postponing consultations for patients with underlying conditions. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and critically Ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a tertiary care medical center in New York City cache = ./cache/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345139-gyvlikye author = Izquierdo-Domínguez, Adriana title = Pérdida del sentido del olfato durante la pandemia COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2888 sentences = 290 flesch = 54 summary = Mientras que la función olfatoria normal se define como normosmia, los trastornos cuantitativos se clasifican en pérdida parcial (hiposmia) o total (anosmia) del olfato 4 . Se habla de estudio cuantitativo al referirse a la cantidad de olor necesitado para ser detectado (umbral olfativo) y tiene por objeto el estudio de las variaciones olfativas en función de la concentración de la sustancia olorosa y de la cantidad de los olores detectados, dando un resultado de anosmia (pérdida total), hiposmia (pérdida parcial) o normosmia (olfato normal). Durante la pandemia COVID-19, se aconseja a aquellos pacientes con pérdida repentina y grave del sentido del olfato, iniciar medidas de distanciamiento social, aislamiento domiciliario preventivo y realizar pruebas de diagnóstico para el SARS-CoV-2 cuando sea posible. cache = ./cache/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345329-195cqp6s author = Heymann, Eric P title = How the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the importance of emergency medicine, and its vital role as a pillar of the healthcare system date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 818 sentences = 34 flesch = 53 summary = The false sense of security afforded by the distance to Wuhan having led authorities to observe rather to plan, the system, suddenly faced with a potential surge of infected patients, turned to EDs for the management of suspected cases, as the rest of the healthcare system was not prepared (to deal with such cases). EPs, due in part to their training and experience, became leaders in the acute response, establishing standards of care, and, with regular feedback to governing authorities, helped prepare the healthcare system to deal with suspected cases, by rapidly recognising and lobbying for an increase in infrastructure, paramedical and medical equipment, as well as the need to increase national pharmaceutical stocks. Aside from reaffirming the importance of an EM specialty (and the need for a dedicated training pathway), COVID-19 has unfortunately also validated concerns that had previously been raised by EPs worldwide about the ability of crowded EDs to handle a surge of patients in a mass disaster or pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345356-gn1iwis0 author = Glebov, Oleg O. title = Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis for COVID‐19 drug repurposing date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3502 sentences = 175 flesch = 35 summary = Given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry in the human lung epithelium. Taken together, the above evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may employ distinct endocytic pathways for cell entry in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Fig. 1) . This approach would allow tracking of the virus in relation to other endocytic pathways and also to investigate the effect of viral infection on the general membrane trafficking network of the host cell. Taken together, the combination of adequate cell models with the newly developed SARS-CoV-2 toolkit and established tools of membrane trafficking research is well-poised to deliver a key insight into the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, considering that various viruses may use the same endocytic pathways of the host cell [15] , targeting viral entry at the point of endocytosis holds a more general promise for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs [51] . cache = ./cache/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345342-04tvuj9f author = Kumar, Rebecca N. title = COVID‐19 in an HIV‐positive Kidney Transplant Recipient date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1451 sentences = 93 flesch = 50 summary = This case describes the clinical course of a symptomatic kidney transplant recipient with HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. A 50-year-old HIV+ (CD4 395 cells/µL, CD4% 28%, HIV RNA < 20 copies/mL) African-American male with deceased donor kidney transplantation 14 months earlier for end-stage renal disease secondary to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN)/focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) presented to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of fevers for two days, with temperatures to 101°F, chills, nasal congestion, and mild cough. All rights reserved There have been reported cases of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients and cases of COVID-19 in transplant recipients [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . However, this case is the first detailed report of an HIVpositive kidney transplant recipient who developed and recovered from COVID-19. Case Report: A Kidney Transplant Patient with Mild COVID-19 Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? cache = ./cache/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345298-1hdk14xg author = Massari, Francesco title = Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients’ care date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1247 sentences = 60 flesch = 40 summary = The main concern of medical investigators is to provide what is best for our patients, taking into account all available therapeutic options, including those deriving from the enrollment into a clinical trial and possible risks connected to the experimental treatment together with patients' expectations. In the ethical and medical decision process, there are two heavy weights on the scale: on one hand, the therapeutic benefits we want to provide for our patients, especially if other treatment strategies are not available or not clinically competing; on the other hand, there is the significant risk of infection that these fragile patients are subjected to. A thorough discussion of experimental treatment expected benefits and risks, protocol requirements in terms of screening procedures, laboratory and radiological assessments and alternative therapeutic options should be carried on with the patient to consider if he is able and willing to proceed with the clinical study. cache = ./cache/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345338-pf4tsh3v author = Shaw, Brian title = The lingering manifestations of COVID-19 during and after convalescence: update on long-term pulmonary consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3653 sentences = 210 flesch = 46 summary = Improvement in imaging findings may include reduction in the number and size or resolution of GGOs, decrease in the consolidation density, melted sugar sign (gradual reduction in the density of pulmonary consolidation and transition to ground glass opacity), and residual fibrous stripes/ fibrotic bands. Studies on radiologic progression of severe COVID-19 infection categorize the timeline of imaging findings anywhere from two to six stages with highly variable interval times and number of repeat CT scans. do not divide the radiologic progression of COVID-19 into stages, patients who underwent repeat imaging showed median times of 7 and 14 days after admission for worsening and improvement, respectively, on CT. However, no large sample longitudinal follow-up of patients recovered from COVID-19 has been reported to date to provide a statistical estimate of the prevalence of different imaging manifestations, such as organizing pneumonia, fibrotic bands, reticulation, or honeycombing. Thus, continued surveillance of discharged COVID-19 patients with repeat pulmonary function testing, RT-PCR, and HRCT is recommended. cache = ./cache/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345267-u24g6607 author = Lang, Frederick M. title = GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6013 sentences = 249 flesch = 33 summary = GM-CSF has been shown to be upregulated either systemically and/or in the diseased tissues of patients with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis) 2,26 as well as in conditions that show similarities to late-stage COVID-19, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 27 , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 28 , cytokine release syndrome (CRS) 29 , haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 30 , hyperinflammation associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) 31 and other inflammatory diseases of the lung 32 , heart 33-35 and nervous system 21, 23, 36, 37 . It has become increasingly well appreciated that the characteristic hyperactive immune response driving COVID-19 progression consists of a 'cytokine storm' , overwhelming infiltration of inflammatory myeloid cells into the lungs (particularly monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils), and even a disease phenotype resembling secondary HLH (often referred to as 'macrophage activation syndrome') 25, [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] . cache = ./cache/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345180-i4syz2t1 author = He, M. title = A delayed modulation of solar radiation on the COVID-19 transmission reflects an incubation period date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3979 sentences = 225 flesch = 52 summary = We estimate the growth rate through a sliding window regression for each country and investigate its response to meteorological conditions across all countries, in contrast to the above-mentioned works 7-10 , which analyzed the number of confirmed cases or mortality from prior selected cities directly. A measure of the incubation period Note that the above correlation and regression analyses involve a time displacement of 7 days between the meteorological variables and the growth rate. The current section extracts a daily infection growth rate for each country from the data of confirmed cases, through a sliding window regression, optimization, cross-correlation, and unit conversion. Note that the correlation analyses above are implemented with a time displacement between the sampling window of the growth rate and that of the meteorological variables δt := t UV,T − τ, to avoid the contamination from the COVID-19 incubation period, e.g., 18 . cache = ./cache/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345288-qyz83xx2 author = Pata, Francesco title = Enteral stoma care during COVID‐19 pandemic: practical advice date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2700 sentences = 158 flesch = 48 summary = To face the COVID-19 pandemic, metamorphosis of surgical services is required to prevent in-hospital transmission, optimize allocation of scarce resources, establish new intensive care units (ICUs) and redeploy healthcare workers to emergency departments or COVID-19 dedicated wards [8] [9] [10] . Furthermore, although many recommendations suggest to consider performing stoma surgery instead of primary anastomosis in high-risk emergency surgery 14,20-23 none of those consider the potential problems related to reduced availability of stoma care services and reduced access in the hospital to caregivers for stoma training which may represent a problem for elderly and frail patients after discharge. Second, in-hospital stoma training pathways should be implemented to allow patients to confidently manage their own stomas independently prior to discharge and reduce the need for home nursing care 37 . In addition to standard precautions for infection prevention and control (i.e. correct use of PPE, keeping appropriate interpersonal distance, proper hand washing) indoor air quality should be preserved to limit the SARS-CoV-2 spread, and to protect patients and healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345184-0otbz5xo author = Mamani, Percy G Ruiz title = Propiedades de una escala de preocupación por el COVID-19: Análisis exploratorio en una muestra peruana date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1960 sentences = 206 flesch = 57 summary = El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de preocupación por el . Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar o adaptar instrumentos para evaluar la preocupación de las personas ante la posibilidad de enfermarse de COVID-19, de modo que puedan ser utilizados en nuevos estudios que proporcionen mayor conocimiento del problema y así realizar acciones que contribuyan en la salud mental de la población. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala unidimensional de preocupación por el COVID-19 (EPCov-19). Los resultados del AFE son similares a los que se reportaron en el estudio de validación de la escala de preocupación por el cáncer (EPC), versión española [6] . Las limitaciones de este estudio se enfocan en la ausencia del análisis de validez de contenido, porque solo se adaptaron los 6 ítems de la EPC (con validez de contenido) al contexto del COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345444-j2hgzrtm author = Magoon, Rohan title = Compounded research challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1043 sentences = 49 flesch = 35 summary = In addition to pragmatic guidelines dictating our research efforts backed by a meticulous peer-review, we researchers are also obligated to adhere to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the principles of scientific integrity aiming at the most accurate and objective representation of the study results, despite a condensed time frame in a pandemic situation [8, 9] . Identifying the potential sources of misinformation at the level of social media blogs, news reports and other mass media regulators, the scientific community needs to engage at these sources (in the form of commentaries, interviews, expedited reviews and joint author-journal posts, vetting the dissemination of information) to augment the resultant control on the derived narratives (alongside the preservation of veracity) and to execute every possible opportunity to curtail the dissemination of the infodemic monikers, which tend to accelerate misinformation in one or the other form [14, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345204-ch0e6lzl author = Scarlata, S. title = Design Of A Rapid And Reversible Fluorescence Assay To Detect COVID-19 And Other Pathogens date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2917 sentences = 172 flesch = 59 summary = The method uses fluorescent sensors (i.e. molecular beacons) designed to detect COVID-19 RNA or any RNA of interest, concurrent with an internal control without the need for amplification. The molecular beacons are stem-loop structures in which a ~10 nucleotide loop region has the complementary sequence of a region of the target RNA, and a fluorophore and quencher are placed on the 5' and 3' ends of the stem. Here, we designed a COVID-19 beacon that is completely quenched in its native form and undergoes a 50-fold increase in fluorescence when exposed to nanomolar amounts of synthetic viral oligonucleotide. Fluorescence increases from beacon responses signals are rapid and can be reversed by the addition of inexpensive ssDNA with a sequence identical to the loop region, or high salt if attached to a matrix. cache = ./cache/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345315-y3bdjnhg author = Dai, Yaoyao title = Identifying the outbreak signal of COVID-19 before the response of the traditional disease monitoring system date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3327 sentences = 200 flesch = 55 summary = We performed a comparative study to determine the feasibility of the early detection of the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on influenza surveillance data and the internet-based Baidu search index to evaluate the timelines of the alert signals compared with the traditional case reporting and response systems. The findings from this study suggest that monitoring abnormal surges of ILI and identifying peaks of online searches of key terms can provide early signals of novel disease outbreaks. In this study, we performed a comparative study to discuss the early warning capability, timelines, and validity of alert signals for the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on the surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) and the Baidu Search Index (BSI) compared with the traditional case reporting system. cache = ./cache/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345358-b9u1l3sz author = Jacobs, Jeffrey title = Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 736 sentences = 48 flesch = 55 summary = title: Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib The emergence of a novel coronavirus in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant disease, COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic with severe disease in 14% of those infected and a case fatality rate of 2.3% reported in China. Furthermore, in IBD patients with COVID-19, the best management strategy has yet to be determined with regard to immunosuppressive medications, many of which have a long serum half-life and even longer tissue effect that can persist much longer than the course of a typical infection. 2, 3 The case presented here illustrates that in a relatively healthy individual, tofacitinib may not need to be held in patients with COVID-19 without severe disease. cache = ./cache/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345360-wlzgq7f9 author = Yan, Alice F. title = Perceived Risk, Behavior Changes and Health-related Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings among Adults with and without Diabetes in China date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3899 sentences = 188 flesch = 50 summary = AIMS: To examine perceived infection risk of COVID-19 and the health and related behavior changes among people with diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, and to examine factors associated with self-reported health during the national quarantine period in China. The objectives of this time-sensitive study are: 1) to examine perceived risk of COVID-19 and levels of worry among people with diabetes, and compare with the perceptions of those without diabetes; 2) to examine the health-related experiences and behaviors of people with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes, and 3) to examine factors associated with self-reported health status during the COVID-19 quarantine period in China. To our knowledge, no studies to date have reported findings related to perceived infection risks and the impacts of COVID-19 on a large sample of people with diabetes on health-related outcomes and lifestyle behavior changes in China, where COVID-19 was first reported, and many vigorous nationwide measures were taken to control its spread. cache = ./cache/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345476-k8r14wi1 author = Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title = Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 858 sentences = 61 flesch = 51 summary = A search of the literature was conducted on Google scholar using the keywords "thyroid disease" OR "hyperthyroid" OR "hypothyroid" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "comorbidities" OR "risk factors" AND "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19", between 2019 and present time (July 18 th , 2020) with language restricted to English only. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of thyroid disease in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" were included in this meta-analysis. The essential characteristics of included studies are summarized in Table 1 , whilst the individual and pooled ORs for thyroid disease predicting severe COVID-19 is shown in Figure 1 Based on a contrite meta-analysis of available data, thyroid disease seems to be associated with an enhanced risk of severe COVID-19 infection. The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345464-9cnbco2i author = Kwiatkowski, S. title = Why we should not stop giving aspirin to pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 903 sentences = 56 flesch = 54 summary = To our knowledge, there is insufficient data to suggest an increased risk between prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and progression of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women at risk of placental complications. To our knowledge, there are limited data to suggest that there is an association between prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and increased risk of progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our opinion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still essential to provide first-trimester screening for placental complications and to prescribe low-dose aspirin in women who are identified as high risk for pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Based on the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation, the benefits of placental complication prevention outweigh the potential risks of adverse outcome related to the usage of low-dose aspirin in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345466-sjryzsqh author = Meng, Xianchun title = Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 484 sentences = 35 flesch = 48 summary = title: Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit Those articles studied chest imaging tests (radiography and/or CT) versus reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing to identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Second, imaging examinations for COVID-19 help to identify specific disease patterns that generally lack a theoretical basis. Findings at chest radiography have a lower sensitivity than initial RT-PCR testing (69% vs 91%, respectively), whereas a French national survey of 26 hospitals (4824 participants) demonstrated chest CT sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 91%, respectively, in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia (2) . For patients in low-prevalence areas or asymptomatic infected persons, imaging tests will face false-positive and missed detection problems. For asymptomatic infected persons, imaging tests are often negative, and only viral detection can be relied on. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases cache = ./cache/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author = Grabia, Monika title = The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6943 sentences = 344 flesch = 54 summary = From 6 July to 22 July 2020, the period when the survey was conducted, the following regulations were in force in the country: nose-and-mouth coverings in confined public areas; closure of primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education; food and drink establishments were operational with enhanced sanitary measures in place (nose-and-mouth coverings required when not at the table, disinfecting tables, keeping a minimum distance of 1.5 m between patrons); gyms and swimming pools were reopened on 6 June 2020; individuals were allowed to socialise indoors in small groups; in most places, access to specialist medical care was provided at outpatient clinics [3] . Consumption of selected food products during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in Figure 2 and the breakdown by the type of diabetes and gender is included in Supplementary Table S3 . A statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use by the youngest respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) was observed. cache = ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345510-togrmvlk author = Kinney, Brad title = Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1228 sentences = 85 flesch = 43 summary = title: Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced numerous challenges for Health Care Professionals including exposing Emergency Department (ED) staff to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). We propose a novel technique for rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrest patients while en route from the ambulance bay to the resuscitation bay to further decrease the risk of viral aerosolization. 5 We present a case of an outdoor non-compression intubation of a patient in cardiac arrest to minimize COVID-19 exposure to staff while still providing standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). Non-compression intubation is suggested by ED resuscitation experts and the American Heart Association (AHA) to minimize COVID-19 exposure to staff. 5 The AHA recommends that the "provider…with the best chance of first-pass success" should perform the intubations in suspected COVID-19 infected patients in cardiac arrest. cache = ./cache/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345371-pjbviagq author = Lisi, Lucia title = Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10648 sentences = 512 flesch = 37 summary = The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the recently published literature on the pharmacological treatments used so far and/or undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, with focus on the biochemical mechanisms of action of repurposed or investigational drugs, classified as agents directly targeting the virus ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ) and those used to treat the respiratory distress and inflammation associated with the cytokine release syndrome ( Figure 2 and Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345432-nyklmyw0 author = Dong, Zai-Quan title = The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3576 sentences = 201 flesch = 50 summary = The questionnaires consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and epidemiological exposure; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index (HEI). The psychological impact of stressful events was related to worrying about their physical health, having close COVID-19 infected acquaintances and family relationship issues. Our study examines the emotional states, psychosocial factors, and coping strategies of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to provide a basis for psychological intervention and other types of support for this group. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index. The present study suggests that 24.2% of medical staff reported high levels of psychological issues, including anxiety and depressive emotion, sometimes severe. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345528-rk16pt0i author = Yasar, Y. title = MantisCOVID: Rapid X-Ray Chest Radiograph and Mortality Rate Evaluation With Artificial Intelligence For COVID-19 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3173 sentences = 198 flesch = 58 summary = This tool delivers a rapid screening test by analyzing the X-ray Chest Radiograph scans via Artificial Intelligence (AI) and it also evaluates the mortality rate of patients with the synthesis of the patient history with the machine learning methods. A rapid analysis for the Chest X-ray (CXR) scans, CT, Infection Rate or Mortality Rate with the machine learning methods are some of the helpful tools and researchers are trying to build such tools for pre-screening COVID-19. This study defines a deployed environment 1 for rapid evaluation of the mortality rate and CXR scans via machine learning tools. The evaluation platform has two outputs after screening the group of patients as the prediction about the risk in COVID-19 via CXR and the mortality rate. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20090779 doi: medRxiv preprint mantisCOVID cannot catch COVID-19 patient via AI elimination from CXR, the physician can change approaching style to the patient via evaluating the mortality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345557-680k32a6 author = Norbash, Alexander M. title = Early-Stage Radiology Volume Effects and Considerations with the COVID-19 Pandemic; Adaptations, Risks, and Lessons Learned date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3597 sentences = 183 flesch = 54 summary = Methods Percent change of 2020 volume per week was compared to the corresponding 2019 volume calculated for each of the 14 imaging modalities and overall total; outpatient, emergency and inpatient studies, high-surge AMSs, low-surge AMSs, and the practice coalition. Descriptive analyses demonstrated the radiology volume during the COVID-19 pandemic in six academic medical systems (three in high-surge and three in low-surge regions) and a large national private practice coalition. Year-over-year percent change (2020 vs 2019) was calculated aggregating data to compare total volume change and for each specific modality (e.g. PET-CT, CT, MRI, IR, Breast COVID-19 Pandemic Radiology Volume Effects 4 Screening) in 1) high-surge vs. Volume drops in the private practice coalition COVID-19 Pandemic Radiology Volume Effects 5 paralleled the changes seen with the AMSs, and tracked with the trends shown by the low-surge AMSs. The modalities with greatest initial drops, such as breast screening mammography and DEXA scanning, also showed the greatest delays in trending towards volume recovery. cache = ./cache/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345611-xv62h83a author = Cavalcanti, A. B. title = Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin to prevent major clinical events in hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rationale and design of a randomised, controlled clinical trial date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4284 sentences = 225 flesch = 46 summary = Methods and analysis: We describe the rationale and design of an open-label pragmatic multicentre randomised (concealed) clinical trial of 7 days of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg BID) plus azithromycin (500 mg once daily), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID, or standard of care for moderately severe hospitalised patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (in-patients with up to 4L/minute oxygen supply through nasal catheter). The control group receive the current standard of care treatment for COVID-19, which includes daily monitoring with clinical assessment of the attending physician, routine laboratory tests (blood count, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes and bilirubin, c-reactive protein) at the discretion of the attending physician, respiratory and motor physiotherapy, surveillance of vital parameters according to the patient's location (inpatient unit and ICU), at least once per period, which may be more frequent CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. cache = ./cache/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345381-9cckppk2 author = Klimek, Ludger title = Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6146 sentences = 332 flesch = 43 summary = title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontane-ous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345628-a4c46m2w author = Unudurthi, Sathya D. title = Cardiac inflammation in COVID-19: Lessons from heart failure date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7725 sentences = 413 flesch = 41 summary = Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal an infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in the myocardium, confirming the role of the immune system in mediating cardiovascular damage in response to COVID-19 infection and also suggesting potential causal mechanisms for the development of new cardiac pathologies and/or exacerbation of underlying CVDs in infected patients. Myocyte damage and lymphocytic myocarditis have also been independently confirmed by recent autopsies carried out on multiple COVID-19 patients from Seattle and Germany (Bradley et al., 2020; Wichmann et al., 2020) Recently, SARS-CoV-2 viral particles have been identified in cardiac macrophages, suggesting that these cells can be directly infected by the virus, potentially transmitting the disease systemically to multiple tissues (Tavazzi et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345637-eg8kuewb author = Joob, B. title = Lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspicion of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 262 sentences = 19 flesch = 51 summary = key: cord-345637-eg8kuewb cord_uid: eg8kuewb they believe that their course 'represents one possible model for implementing lung ultrasound education and might be a useful launch-pad for gynecologists and obstetricians involved in the management of pregnant patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. The usefulness of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lung pathology in pregnant women with COVID-19 has been confirmed 2 . Yet, the limited availability of data on lung ultrasound findings in COVID-19 is a challenge, particularly as various non-specific forms of lung abnormality are observable in this disease 2 . Furthermore, the availability of ultrasound in remote areas of developing countries is usually limited. For example, in our country, the knowledge of practitioners regarding COVID-19 3 is limited and we lack such a rapid training program. Effectiveness of rapid lung ultrasound training program for gynecologists and obstetricians managing pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 Lung ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345610-rx1zmajl author = Boggs, Steven D. title = Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People’s Energy as Key Variable date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 447 sentences = 33 flesch = 64 summary = title: Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People's Energy as Key Variable Besides "joint efforts from people all around the world," 2 it appears to be absolute key that leaders attend to the psychological and emotional well-being of our clinicians in addition to the physical well-being of our staffs "to protect health care workers better, to save more lives." 2 Necessary protective measures interfere with the camaraderie that each of us tries to create at work. While literally getting-in-touch is a caring physician's "first language," 3 the interactions with our patients now through masks and with PPE create barriers which are new to them and to us. 6 We must calculate the COVID-19 equation with the people's energy as key variable in mind! Staffing with disease-based epidemiologic indices may reduce shortage of intensive care unit staff during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345480-w5zxzpj7 author = SHI, C. title = Clinical observations of low molecular weight heparin in relieving inflammation in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3747 sentences = 214 flesch = 52 summary = D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage, interleukin-6, and other indices in 42 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed to compare and evaluate the progress of patients before and after LMWH treatment. Compared to the control group, patients in the heparin group had a higher percentage of lymphocytes after treatment and lower levels of interleukin-6; these differences were statistically significant. This study aims to review and analyze the treatment course of patients with COVID-19 to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin and delay disease progression to provide guidance for subsequent clinical practice. In addition, the changes in lymphocyte percentages in patients in the heparin group before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different to those in the control group. As shown in Figure 2O , there were no significant differences in CRP levels between the two groups of patients before and after LMWH treatment, and both were significantly lower compared to before treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345655-fb4vv4my author = Islam, M. Z. title = Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3424 sentences = 182 flesch = 55 summary = title: Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. A study conducted on outcomes of the COVID-19 patients found that non-survivors were more often older and men, and they had a higher prevalence of DM, hyperlipidemia and CHDs. The history of current tobacco uses and having COPD was more among the non-survivors [11] . Based on these realities, in this particular study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We conducted this single centred retrospective cohort study to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course. cache = ./cache/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345730-bxwsup70 author = Kočar, Eva title = Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and COVID-19: basic concepts and clinical applications date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4028 sentences = 221 flesch = 40 summary = In vitro depletion of membrane-bound cholesterol from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells led to a reduced infectivity of CoVs, since the binding of the spike protein was reduced by half [44] . By participating in cholesterol outflow from the cell membrane to HDL particles, PON1 contributes to lowering the cholesterol levels within lipid rafts, thus modulating viral infection (Fig. 1c) . Therefore, it is intriguing to contemplate whether NAFLD patients without treatment are more J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection, or whether statin application may directly affect the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell by regulating cholesterol cell levels. As lipid lowering drugs, statins might thus significantly reduce the attachment and internalization of SARS-CoV-2 by lowering membrane cholesterol levels (Fig. 1c ) [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345680-10phij1x author = Terpos, Evangelos title = Hematological findings and complications of COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2691 sentences = 170 flesch = 42 summary = 19 It has also been reported that patients with severe disease and fatal outcomes present with a decreased lymphocyte/white blood cell ratio both in admission (P < .001) and during hospitalization (P < .001) compared with those who survived. 33 A retrospective study including 187 patients with COVID-19 from another hospital in Wuhan showed that patients with high troponin-T levels had leukocytosis (P < .001), increased neutrophils (P < .001) and decreased lymphocytes (P = .01). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345762-khvcoqti author = Scott, Ian A. title = COVID‐19 pandemic and the tension between the need to act and the need to know date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3438 sentences = 142 flesch = 39 summary = The false promise of rushed science A pandemic as serious as COVID-19 will compel some clinicians and patients to try unproven therapies based on theory, in vitro data, animal models, clinical anecdotes, observational studies and uncontrolled trials that may later be shown to be misleading. Hopefully, the same problems will not occur with remdesivir, whichdespite limited and conflicting evidence of clinical improvement from only two placebo-controlled RCT 19, 20 and one non-controlled cohort study 5has now become a 'standard of care' in the United States for COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. Separating out these effects, and determining which drugs to use and when (early in the disease course or only at deterioration), will likely require large-scale trials with multiple treatment arms that are sufficiently powered to enable analyses of primary and, where indicated, secondary outcomes across different patient subgroups. cache = ./cache/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345745-t36jbg14 author = Murashita, Takashi title = Commentary: The Era of Great Uncertainty date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 805 sentences = 50 flesch = 46 summary = In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, cardiac surgeons need to be aware that undiagnosed infection can cause unexpected catastrophic complications after urgent or emergent operations. However, in urgent or emergent situations such as type A aortic dissection, acute coronary syndromes, and acute valvular endocarditis, patients may need to be taken to the operating room without being tested for COVID-19 infection. In the current issue of The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Salna and colleagues reported a case of urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) whose postoperative course was complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 infection (3). It has been shown that there are a variety of manifestations of COVID-19, but the effect of the virus on cardiovascular system is still being defined (4, 5) There is also little data about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery. A case of postoperative Covid-19 infection after cardiac surgery: Lessons learned cache = ./cache/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345674-wkwqlnz2 author = Kobayashi, Jun title = Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 857 sentences = 49 flesch = 41 summary = Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. While there is no specific recommended antiviral treatment, and vaccines have yet to be developed, the authors provided a powerful pharmacological strategy for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this review article, the drug applications for COVID-19 are well described according to disease severity; however, nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy, which is not described in this review, may be included in the strategy as a promising therapeutic candidate. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). cache = ./cache/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345737-b4r0jyjo author = Phillips, Dominique title = The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 138 flesch = 51 summary = It is hoped that family carers will receive greater recognition for the significant role they play in society, providing essential care and alleviating the strain on health and social care systems, both during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlighting the contribution that older people make may also draw attention to the particular needs of and challenges facing older family carers, who have remained invisible throughout COVID-19, to the people they are providing care and support to, as well as other family members playing a secondary caregiving role who themselves may be working. The Open Letter points to the evidence showing the benefits of enabling family carers to remain at work, and highlights the role and responsibilities of employers and the state in supporting working family carers and helping to moderate the additional stresses and strains that they are currently under. cache = ./cache/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345858-xedkxkz4 author = Ge, Y. title = Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2283 sentences = 140 flesch = 55 summary = title: Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study We employed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks under five reopening strategies based on the business resumption progress in China. We found that a hierarchy-based reopen strategy performed best when current epidemic prevention measures were maintained save for lockdown, reducing the peak number of active cases and cumulative cases by 50% and 44%, respectively. Business resumption strategies have the potential to eliminate COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening without special control measures. The proposed resumption strategies focused mainly on decreasing the number of imported exposure cases, guaranteeing medical support for epidemic control, or decreasing active cases. In the simulation, RR eased the epidemic by decreasing the total imported 178 exposed cases according to regional COVID-19 incidence (i.e., 70% of the DR strategy). cache = ./cache/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345725-8ijgmbmr author = Shang, Jingjing title = COVID-19 Preparedness in U.S. Home Healthcare Agencies date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 102 flesch = 65 summary = Abstract Objectives In the U.S., home health agencies (HHAs) provide essential services for patients recovering from post-acute-care and older adults who are aging in place. Many HHAs reported accessing supplemental PPE from state/local resources, 23 donations, and do-it-yourself efforts; more rural HHAs had accessed these additional resources 24 compared to urban HHAs. 25 Conclusions/Implications: This survey reveals challenges that HHAs are having in responding 26 to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among urban agencies. 2 During the COVID-19 pandemic, 35 caring for this group of vulnerable patients at home is complicated and issues may differ in urban 36 and rural settings. Our objective was to explore the COVID-19 preparedness of U.S. home 37 healthcare agencies (HHAs) and examine any urban and rural differences. Most HHAs had an emergency preparedness plan in place, and despite regional 143 differences in COVID-19 cases, the majority of responding agencies were caring for (or had The current/anticipated shortages of PPE and other supplies remain the largest concern. cache = ./cache/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345841-pq5f82gf author = PATBERG, Elizabeth T. title = COVID-19 Infection and Placental Histopathology in Women Delivering at Term date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5903 sentences = 282 flesch = 46 summary = Conclusions – Despite the fact that all neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, we found that COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery is associated with increased rates of placental histopathologic abnormalities, particularly fetal vascular malperfusion and villitis of unknown etiology. In a recent structured review including twenty studies with histopathology findings in 275 third trimester placentas following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of fetal vascular 276 malperfusion was reported in 35% of cases, which is similar to the rate observed in our cohort 277 (32.5%) 24 . In a recent structured review including twenty studies with histopathology findings in 275 third trimester placentas following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of fetal vascular 276 malperfusion was reported in 35% of cases, which is similar to the rate observed in our cohort 277 (32.5%) 24 . cache = ./cache/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345834-l2e5v39s author = Anacleto, M.A. title = Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5230 sentences = 286 flesch = 62 summary = Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava's work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil's active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). cache = ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345686-zy3sulbi author = Kow, Chia Siang title = Revascularization strategy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction amid COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 589 sentences = 31 flesch = 46 summary = We read with great interest the consensus on the management of acute coronary syndrome in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the Taiwan Society of Cardiology [1] . However, we are deeply concerned about the recommended revascularization strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) where fibrinolytic therapy is considered before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as depicted in the proposed algorithm. It should also be recognized that many patients have a persistent reduction in blood flow in the infarct-related artery after fibrinolysis and thus are at persistent risk for reinfarction since the clinical benefits of fibrinolytic therapy are observed only with the restoration of normal flow. Management of acute coronary syndrome in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019: Consensus from Taiwan Society of Cardiology cache = ./cache/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345632-iha2c5zo author = Hamdy, Sherif M title = Management Strategies of Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3983 sentences = 230 flesch = 34 summary = Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are pivotal in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), potentially placing patients at an increased risk of contracting infections such as COVID-19. 2 This review discusses the challenges in treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the COVID-19 era and proposes algorithms for tailoring potential management of acute relapses as well as the use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) during this critical period. 33, 34 Monthly IVIG administration is also considered to be an effective treatment option in preventing NMOSD relapses in patients with anti-MOG disease, especially throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, owing to its immune-boosting and antiviral properties. Various immunosuppressive agents including azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclophosphamide (CTX), as well as monoclonal antibodies including rituximab (RTX), eculizumab, and tocilizumab have been reported effective in reducing the annualized relapse rate and stabilizing EDSS scores of NMOSD patients. cache = ./cache/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345860-d02x3151 author = Thome, Johannes title = The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1741 sentences = 75 flesch = 34 summary = However, during the COVID-19 outbreak, our clinic was informed, without prior consultation or notice, by the district court that judges' visits to acute psychiatric wards in order to review patients under restraint or coercive measures would be discontinued, and that effectively personal hearings would be suspended. This raises the question of how these fundamental values and principles, such as the "respect for individual rights" and the "protection of individuals" [4] , can be translated into the specific medico-legal framework of psychiatry and mental health service provision. cache = ./cache/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345887-ymo4mxx7 author = Pinky title = Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5713 sentences = 306 flesch = 42 summary = title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 With an urgent need for the development of potential strategies, two recent studies from China using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia have shed some light on a potential cure for the COVID-19 infected patients. Also, attractive features like cell targeting, low-immunogenicity, safety, and high biocompatibility distinguish these exosomes from other synthetic nano-vesicles and thus potentiate their role as a drug delivery nano-platform. However, this study is first of its kind evaluating MSCs derived exosomes therapeutic potential for COVID-19 [45] . Some of the pre-clinical studies evaluating the effect of MSC derived exosomes on lung macrophages in various lung injury models have provided insights into the exosome derived approach as a new strategy for treating nCOV associated pathogenicity. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345910-o78scael author = Conejero, Ismaël title = Épidémie de COVID-19 et prise en charge des conduites suicidaires: challenge et perspectives date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4065 sentences = 377 flesch = 56 summary = L'objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d'analyser l'impact de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les dimensions du processus suicidaire, son interaction avec les différents facteurs de risque. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the dimensions of the suicidal process and its interaction with the various risk factors. Au-delà de la mortalité liée aux complications directes de l'infection, le risque d'une « vague » de suicides est redouté par la communauté scientifique [2] et les autorités politiques [3] . ont mis en évidence une association entre perception de soi altérée et sentiment de solitude en situation de confinement dû à la pandémie de COVID-19 La crise de Covid-19 est inédite à de nombreux égards, et pourrait exacerber certaines dimensions du processus suicidaire à travers son impact psychique, social, économique ou encore biologique. L'atteinte inflammatoire et neuropsychiatrique associée à l'infection est une fenêtre pour mieux appréhender l'impact de ces processus sur les conduites suicidaires. cache = ./cache/cord-345910-o78scael.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345910-o78scael.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345708-hlnjzunb author = Mahendran, Krishantini title = COVID‐19 and Postgraduate Dental Training—A commentary date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 991 sentences = 70 flesch = 46 summary = DCTs were redeployed to a range of departments including community renal dialysis units, critical care units and inpatient COVID-19 wards. Within the dental hospital, DCTs supported senior staff members transform existing services through reviewing and adapting local policies, trialling new systems of working and creating local standard operating procedures. By F I G U R E 1 NHS dental training pathway engaging in these initiatives, trainees were able to contribute to a growing body of national recommendations on providing effective and safe dental care for patients in all settings across the country. Dental Specialty Training was not suspended in the same way as DCT. Those redeployed were able to engage with projects within other departments giving them insight into other research/quality improvement methods that could be brought back to dental specialties. Redeploying the clinical dental workforce to support the NHS clinical delivery plan for COVID-19 FAQ for dental specialty trainees during current Covid-19 situation cache = ./cache/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345866-wy07gd17 author = Aghamohammadi, Mehdi title = Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 627 sentences = 43 flesch = 57 summary = authors: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi; Alizargar, Javad; Hsieh, Nan-Chen; Wu, Shu-Fang Vivienne title: Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients 3 on the effects of arterial and venous thromboembolic complications of COVID-19, including Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Ischemic Stroke, Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and MI, was performed in the affected patients in a hospital in Milan, Italy. 4 recently reported five cases of large-vessel stroke in patients which were positive for COVID-19. Based on the information provided from Iran's Ministry of Health 5 , patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have thromboembolic events. The use of prophylaxis with Enoxaparin or Heparin in severe cases of COVID-19 or in patients with D-dimer level more than six times of normal levels has been reported to reduce mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345681-sj0ypr2c author = Parks, Courtney A title = Food System Workers are the Unexpected but Under Protected COVID Heroes date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 109 flesch = 47 summary = Health care practitioners have surfaced as front-line workers addressing the urgent needs of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there remains much ground to gain in terms of providing adequate support and protection for these groups (5) . Some of these stimulus funds are appropriated to various industries and individuals with ∼$23.5 billion to assist farmers, most of which is designated for soy and corn producers (e.g., commodity crops), leaving out producers of "specialty crops" which include FVs. These measures may widen the nutrition gap in the USA, further deteriorating a limited food system to support healthy eating. As Congress considers additional COVID stimulus packages, appropriate workplace health and safety measures must be considered to better protect and support front-line food system workers; otherwise, there most likely will be longlasting, adverse effects on our food system and nation's health. cache = ./cache/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345937-ddwzr112 author = Mishra, Ajay Kumar title = Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 269 sentences = 33 flesch = 54 summary = title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID 19 Type: Letter to the editor Title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID -19 We read with much interest the article "Are certain drugs associated with enhanced mortality in COVID -19" by Goldstein We agree with the authors that increase expression of ACE 2 receptor potentially increases viral entry and disease severity, however the data regarding only ARB's causing the same might not be enough. (9) Though at present there is not enough evidence of any potential benefit or harm of most prescribed medications including the ARBs, ACEi, Statins, Antiviral agents we strongly agree with the authors that meticulous and detailed reporting of medications of COVID -19 affected patients is crucial in order to further understand the multifaceted interaction of the virus, medications, and clinical outcome. Are certain drugs associated with enhanced mortality in COVID-19? Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID -19 cache = ./cache/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346019-nxn4sfzw author = Morollón, Noemí title = Tratamientos habituales utilizados en cefaleas y neuralgias y sars-cov-2.posicionamiento del grupo de estudio de cefaleas de la sociedad española de neurología date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1777 sentences = 176 flesch = 56 summary = J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Introducción Ante las múltiples consultas realizadas en los últimos meses por pacientes, médicos de familia y neurólogos sobre la posibilidad de que algunos de los fármacos que habitualmente se utilizan en cefaleas y neuralgias puedan favorecer o complicar la infección por el SARS-CoV-2, el Grupo de Estudio de Cefaleas de la Sociedad Española de Neurología quiere expresar lo siguiente: Ningún estamento científico neurológico se ha posicionado en la actualidad sobre el tratamiento de las cefaleas que tenían previamente los pacientes afectados por la COVID-19 y en la literatura sólo hay artículos de opinión publicados hasta el momento. Por otra parte, consideramos importante aportar luz sobre esta cuestión ante los datos aportados últimamente sobre la presencia de cefalea de nueva aparición en pacientes que sufren COVID-19 1-3 y las implicaciones en su tratamiento. cache = ./cache/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346037-1sgwy0tx author = Le Couteur, David G title = COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 879 sentences = 51 flesch = 59 summary = The case-fatality rate for COVID-19 increases dramatically with age from 3% to 5% between 65 and 74 years, 4% to 11% between 75 and 84 years, and 10% to 27% above 85 years and people aged 65 years and older account for 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and 80% of deaths (1) . The United States has seen an exponential increase in the number of cases with the vast majority of deaths also occurring in people aged 65 years or older. ICU admission and ventilation may be futile in some frail older people with multimorbidity; however, there is a very big ethical difference between decisions made on the basis of futility versus those based on rationing (7) . Arguments have been made that potential years of life lost should be considered if care is rationed, yet perhaps more critical to consider is the experience and wisdom of older adults. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -United States cache = ./cache/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345879-nbfg47x5 author = Bonaz, Bruno title = Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4072 sentences = 213 flesch = 44 summary = title: Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? We hypothesize that this cytokine storm and the worsening of patients' health status can be dampened or even prevented by specifically targeting the vagal-driven cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Hence, targeting the α7nAChRs through vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could be of interest in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, through the wide innervation of the organism by the vagus nerve, especially the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, VNS appears as a serious candidate for a few side effect treatment that could dampen or prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Indeed, a septic shock-induced increase of TNF in the liver and the blood in mice was dampened by stimulation of the distal end cut of the vagus nerve thus arguing for an anti-inflammatory effect of vagal efferents which release acetylcholine (ACh) (Borovikova et al. cache = ./cache/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345998-701aker9 author = Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat title = Challenging the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1927 sentences = 121 flesch = 50 summary = This study aimed to analyze the situation of COVID-19 in Thailand and the challenging disease control by employing a dynamic model to determine prevention approaches. The SEIR (Susceptible Exposed Infectious and Recovered) dynamic approach and moving average estimation were used to forecast the daily infected and cumulative cases until 16 June as a base run analysis using STELLA dynamic software and statistical techniques. Currently, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 might be identified as the biggest world health In addition, enhancing people's awareness and implementing regulations also constituted key factors in achieving these goals of controlling disease spread. Hospitalization numbers, reported deaths or recovered cases in various conditions have been estimated at global or country levels based on available current data and using different modelling approaches. In addition, we have attempted to forecast the COVID-19 cases in terms of the number of infected and new cases in Thailand using the dynamic SEIR (Susceptible Exposed Infectious and Recovered) model [4, 5] , and moving average prediction approaches. cache = ./cache/cord-345998-701aker9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345998-701aker9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345786-1o9nx7z9 author = Bernstein, Charles N title = Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3737 sentences = 214 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions. [1] [2] [3] The management of IBD may differ by geography with economically more advanced countries having greater access to health care resources such as endoscopy and expensive therapies like biologics. 8 Recommendations include continuing all immunomodulatory medications in patients with IBD, reducing steroid doses as much as possible, limiting elective endoscopies, and encouraging telemedicine in place of in-person clinic visits. Respondents from 8 countries, both low and high resource regions, reported that they routinely tested persons with IBD with new gastrointestinal symptoms. However, even with reports from 1 or 2 clinicians from each country, it allows insight into the uniformity or key differences in the practice of IBD around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346008-6v2gdz4a author = Jeong, Areum title = Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1152 sentences = 84 flesch = 52 summary = title: Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea Due to close contact during examination, frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge, and the inevitable sharing of equipment, ophthalmologists and patients are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in clinics, we follow steps based on three levels of control measures: administrative control, environmental control, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If any of the aforementioned conditions are met, the patient is masked, isolated, and instructed to visit the COVID-19 screening center for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Patients who have fever but negative test results postpone the appointment or attend the clinic. To reduce the exposure time, all patients should wear a mask in the waiting room. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345929-z7yfegr5 author = Thakur, Suman S. title = Proteomics and Its Application in Pandemic Diseases date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1355 sentences = 94 flesch = 39 summary = found that the antimalarial drug metaquine and anti-HIV antiretroviral saquinavir interact with four SARS-CoV-2 receptors, including Nsp9 replicase, main protease (Mpro), NSP15 endoribonuclease, and spike protein (S protein), interacting with human ACE2; therefore, they may be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. Furthermore, Maffucci and Contini used an in silico approach to find drug candidates against the main proteinase and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. suggested that the antigenic peptides generated from the S1 spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 using aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP might be helpful in selecting better epitopes for immunogenic studies and the design of a vaccine for COVID-19. Interestingly, a computational method was used to find an allosteric site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by Di Paola et al., as its detection would weaken the spike−ACE2 interaction and thereby reduce the viral infection. cache = ./cache/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345976-z5gorbwp author = Cella, Laura title = Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1646 sentences = 94 flesch = 38 summary = title: Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy In the near future, among the many upheavals caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the thoracic radiation oncology community might have to face a new unexpected risk factor for patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic malignancies. 6 Another case report by McGinnis et al demonstrated bilateral GGOs detected after CT image guidance performed as part of the routine setup and delivery of curative RT treatment in a patient who was ultimately asymptomatic for COVID-19. All these findings suggest that in the future there could be a non-negligible proportion of patients, possibly of young age, in need of thoracic RT and with undiagnosed pre-existing cardiopulmonary damage from asymptomatic COVID-19. 14 A new risk factor is henceforth likely to emerge for a nonnegligible percentage of patients in the already complex scenario of the identification of patient-specific susceptibility to radiation-induced toxicity. cache = ./cache/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346015-bzeqs5oh author = Wang, Yeming title = Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5233 sentences = 246 flesch = 46 summary = Although several approved drugs and investigational agents have shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, 6, 7 at present there are no antiviral therapies of proven effectiveness in treating severely ill patients with A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of hydroxychloroquine involving 150 adults admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported no significant effect of the drug on accelerating viral clearance. This was an investigator-initiated, individually randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous remdesivir in adults (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19. Our study is the first randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial assessing the effect of intravenous remdesivir in adults admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19. Future studies of remdesivir, including earlier treatment in patients with COVID-19 and higher-dose regimens or in combination with other antivirals or SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in those with severe COVID-19 are needed to better understand its potential effectiveness. cache = ./cache/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345809-tevi0sup author = Bidmead, Elaine title = Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay? date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3440 sentences = 196 flesch = 49 summary = 12 Healthcare staff members were permitted to use 'mobile messaging' and 'video conferencing tools such as Skype, WhatsApp, Facetime,' as well as to use personal devices to support remote consultation 'where there is no practical alternative.' 12 Consequently, the use of telemedicine was perceived as an appropriate response to lockdown and resulted in increased use globally. The major concerns from our research are collated as follows 29 : (i) low confidence that the technology will work, or that support will be provided, (ii) dissonance with professional identity relating to issues of accountability and negative impacts on the staff-patient relationship-not comfortable with video distancing, missing out on body language cues, feeling of being deskilled, (iii) reduced job satisfaction (tiredness, eye strain, missing out on travel 'downtime' between consultations, (iv) fears of job losses, (v) concerns that patients are being offered 'second best' to reduce costs; (vi) concerns that some patients, particularly the elderly, will not be able to use the technology. cache = ./cache/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345908-66lku5c2 author = Lin, Y. title = Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 183 flesch = 47 summary = title: Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia Purpose: We aim to investigate the ultra-high-resolution CT (UHR-CT) findings of imported COVID-19 related pneumonia from the initial diagnosis to early-phase follow-up. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint UHR-CT images of all cases were assessed for the following abnormalities (1) affected lobes; (2) distribution (peribronchovascular, peripleural and scattered/diffuse); (3) margin (sharp or indistinct); (4) specific signs (air bronchogram, intralobular interstitial thickening and/or interlobular septal thickening, intralesional vasodilatation, pleural retraction/thickening, and pleural effusion). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint A total of 11 patients (3 males and 8 females, median age 53 years, range 32-74 years) with rRT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 related pneumonia were enrolled in the study (Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint this study, UHR-CT provided visualized details about the radiological pattern of imported early-stage COVID-19 related pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346075-q4jbqsh1 author = Rohith, G. title = Dynamics and control of COVID-19 pandemic with nonlinear incidence rates date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6127 sentences = 375 flesch = 54 summary = This work attempts to analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak using the SEIR model, with nonlinear incident rate, with the help of bifurcation theory. Motivated from this, this paper also presents a model-based closed-loop solution to control COVID-19 pandemic by the synthesis of appropriate threshold on Government control variable α, using the technique of sliding mode control (SMC). If one can adopt a methodology to gradually introduce some relaxations to the public (as incentives) in the Government action (α) with a specific target (like limiting the number of exposed/infected people to a smaller threshold value), that could serve as a better alternative to control a global pandemic like COVID-19. Figure 9 presents the comparison between the COVID-19 transmission trend as suggested by the SEIR model with a nonlinear incidence rate function and real-time data for India [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345973-fb3gkc0f author = Thibault, Ronan title = Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4838 sentences = 262 flesch = 46 summary = Five to 10% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, i.e., with new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Up to 30% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU) [2] . This article was written in the emergency of the epidemic by an expert group, based on the international recommendations on nutrition in the ICU on March 29, and will be updated according to new knowledge about the COVID-19. Indirect calorimetry (IC) should be proposed only for patients staying for more than 10 days in the ICU or those on full parenteral nutrition (PN) to avoid overfeeding IC is the reference method to assess the energy requirements in the non-COVID-19 ICU patients [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346006-caxx5fbz author = van den Oever, Wendy title = Risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2007 sentences = 205 flesch = 63 summary = Dit is het eerste Nederlandse onderzoek naar risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19. Hogere leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 zijn geassocieerd met een hogere kans op ic-opname en overlijden. [2] [3] [4] [5] In dit onderzoek beschrijven we de kenmerken van de eerste 243 COVID-19-patiënten die in maart 2020 werden gezien op de SEH van het Elkerliek Ziekenhuis. ■ leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 zijn geassocieerd met een hogere kans op ic-opname en/of overlijden. Ook als we BMI zouden hebben meegenomen in de multivariabele analyse, zouden leeftijd (p = 0,001) en diabetes mellitus (p = 0,037) alsnog de enige onafhankelijke voorspellers van overlijden blijven (data niet weergegeven). Onze gegevens wijzen er dus niet op dat een hogere BMI geassocieerd is met een grotere kans op overlijden of ic-opname voor COVID-19-patiënten. Leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 blijken significante voorspellers voor ic-opname en overlijden van COVID-19-patiënten. cache = ./cache/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346017-wforwxes author = Kasperkiewicz, M. title = Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 646 sentences = 48 flesch = 36 summary = 1, 2 A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since immunosuppressive therapy can generally inhibit antiviral immunity, AIBD patients undergoing immunomodulatory treatment, especially elderly patients with co-morbidities, may be at higher risk of worse outcomes should they develop COVID-19. -Abrupt termination or considerable dose reduction of systemic corticosteroids should be avoided, particularly in patients with severe forms of AIBDs. Of note, there is some evidence that prednisolone may potentially have beneficial impacts on COVID-19. -Patients with AIBDs on immunosuppressive therapies are generally prone to develop opportunistic infections including viral infections, and microbial pathogens may potentially in turn trigger the bullous disease. 5 However, since long-lived SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not expected to be present in most individuals, AIBD patients treated with rituximab within the last one year may have a more severe/prolonged COVID-19 infection compared to healthy persons. cache = ./cache/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346026-l9cyzocv author = Aneja, Ranjan title = An assessment of socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in India date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4139 sentences = 216 flesch = 58 summary = In Pre-COVID era India was encountering with major macroeconomic issues such as nearly recession with the sluggish GDP growth rate of 4.7% in 2019 which is lowest since 2013 (as indicated by the official statistics), high unemployment rate, decline in industrial output of core sectors-the worst in 14 years, stagnancy in private sector investment, decline in consumption expenditure for the first time in several decades (Dev & Sengupta, 2020) . Considering the disproportionate burden of the crisis on low skilled workers, poors, other vulnerable sections, many economists think that COVID-19 is most likely expected to raise inequality within and among countries (Initiative on Global Markets, 2020) and the results of study conducted by (Furceri, Loungani, Ostry, & Pizzuto, 2020) confirms that those having basic education (low skilled) are affected more than those with higher and advanced degrees, in terms of loss of income hence confirming increase in income inequality after during and after pandemics. 19 4 | CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic has incurred unprecedented loss globally but India being an emerging economy is likely to get more affected in every sector and that too disproportionately. cache = ./cache/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346062-q0trgj12 author = Robert, René title = Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5716 sentences = 250 flesch = 44 summary = The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. As a result, four new options never applied to date were considered with the common aim of saving a maximum number of lives: to prioritize ICU beds for patients with the best prognosis; to increase at all costs the number of ICU beds, thereby creating stepdown ICUs; to organize transfer to distant ICUs with more beds available, or to accelerate withdrawal of life support in ICUs. Additionally, to protect the patients' relatives, visits for families were prohibited or strongly limited and adequate communication between caregivers and families was disrupted, counteracting more than 20 years of research aimed at improving interaction with families and quality of care during EOL [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346050-ssv1arr1 author = Hodgkinson, Tarah title = Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7113 sentences = 353 flesch = 54 summary = This creates an opportunity to explore the preliminary effects of this lockdown on crime trends in one of Canada's major cities, with the intention of determining if the shift in opportunity structures have changed crime trends and to improve planning for safety and crime prevention for potential further outbreaks of the pandemic and future exceptional events. Opportunity theories, such as routine activities theory, would predict that during an exceptional event, crime rates will both increase and decrease depending on the crime type and the shift in opportunity structure (Leither et al., 2011) . Routine activity theory argues that in order for a crime event to occur, a suitable target, a motivated offender, and the lack of a capable guardian need to come together in time and space (Cohen & Felson, 1979) . cache = ./cache/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346024-7e6px71s author = Das, Dipayan title = Truncated inception net: COVID-19 outbreak screening using chest X-rays date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4824 sentences = 257 flesch = 53 summary = In this paper, motivated by the fact that X-ray imaging systems are more prevalent and cheaper than CT scan systems, a deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which we call Truncated Inception Net, is proposed to screen COVID-19 positive CXRs from other non-COVID and/or healthy cases. In this work, considering the fact that X-ray imaging systems are more prevalent and cheaper than CT scan systems, we use deep learning to screen COVID-19 using CXRs. We propose a CNN-based model, which we call Truncated Inception Net, solely based on the Inception Net V3 architecture [27] (Fig. 2 ). On the whole, through this work, we demonstrate that the Truncated Inception Net deep learning model is a viable option for COVID-19 screening and it outperforms the state-of-the-art results for COVID-19 positive cases, on the obtained and manually combined datasets. In this work, we have proposed the Truncated Inception Net deep learning model to detect COVID-19 positive patients using chest X-rays. cache = ./cache/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346109-fcytebfz author = Lie, Jessica J. title = Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program's COVID-19 Experience date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2175 sentences = 137 flesch = 48 summary = title: Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program's COVID-19 Experience Objective: The University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic. Objective: The University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time. The General Surgery Program at UBC optimized the wellness of residents by targeting three domains: efficiency of practice, culture of wellness and personal resilience. cache = ./cache/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346087-oa8k5xwc author = Chen, Dan title = Serum Cystatin C and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting Critical Illness and Mortality for Adult Patients date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3629 sentences = 186 flesch = 43 summary = In the adjusted logistic regression analyses, the highest cystatin C level and ln-transformed cystatin C levels were independently associated with the risks of developing critically ill COVID-19 and all-cause death either in overall patients or in patients without chronic kidney disease (P values < 0.05). The highest cystatin C level (≥1.31 mg/L) was an independent risk factor for critically ill COVID-19 and all-cause death in patients without CKD, after adjustment for the underlying confounders (all P values < 0.05, Table 4 ). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the relationship between baseline levels of cystatin C and COVID-19 outcomes, and to highlight the prognostic values of monitoring serum cystatin C on hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this hospital-based study of 481 adult patients confirmed as COVID-19, we revealed that baseline serum cystatin C might serve as a potential inflammatory biomarker, independently predicting poor outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346102-0fwf1m28 author = Tien, Homer title = Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1825 sentences = 114 flesch = 48 summary = 1 Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. 1 Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides guidance on airframe selection for transporting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) patients. For northern communities, Ornge has augmented three remote health care facilities with additional ventilators Critical care transport and COVID-19 from our own stockpile. However, we have modified our operating practice to allow for two ventilated patients to be transported in select private air carrier aircraft with our OSRT paramedics. In Southern Ontario, Ornge has partnered with Toronto Paramedic Services (TPS) to develop a plan for transporting multiple critically ill COVID-19 patients in the TPS ambulance bus (Figure 2 ). Air ambulances and critical care transport providers are operationally-focused organizations that can play a critical role during pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346105-2f6nj4to author = Yang, T.-H. title = Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5436 sentences = 358 flesch = 51 summary = Many review articles which have discussed the use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients showed limitation as they included only few relevant studies, significant Chinese studies were omitted and analysis of treatment effects was not quantified while formulating the results [17] [18] [19] . Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate the significance of present evidence regarding benefits and safety of hydroxychloroquine use, for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Our study included only comparative studies that examined the efficacy or safety of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in comparison with standard treatment based on factors such as virological cure, degree of progression to severe illness and allcause mortality as identified in COVID-19 patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis which has addressed the issue of combining hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients, by summarizing available results extracted from clinical trials. cache = ./cache/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346146-yal0ctpq author = Peyronnet, Violaine title = Infection par le SARS-CoV-2 chez les femmes enceintes. Actualisation de l’état des connaissances et de la proposition de prise en charge. CNGOF date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9027 sentences = 922 flesch = 67 summary = L'objectif de la rédaction de ce document est d'actualiser les connaissances des professionnels de santé sur le SARS-Covid-2, ses symptômes, la connaissance actuelle sur la transmission inter individuelle et pendant la grossesse et de proposer un protocole de prise en charge pour les femmes enceintes en France modifiant celui proposé précédemment (1) . Cependant, des symptômes plus graves ont également été décrits dans ce contexte (16 à 32%) comme la pneumonie ou le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) qui sont présents majoritairement chez les personnes âgées, les patients présentant une immunodépression ou des comorbidités telles que le diabète, un cancer ou une maladie respiratoire chronique et les femmes enceintes (4; 8; 12-17) Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques ont été décrites dans la population générale en premier par Huang et al. Enfin une autre série française multicentrique portant sur 100 femmes enceintes avec une infection certaine rapporte 5 cas de césariennes avant 32 SA pour cause de COVID chez des patientes hospitalisées en réanimation. cache = ./cache/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346182-61i4jjys author = Myers, Jeffrey L title = Frontline Workers in the Backrooms of COVID-19: Caring for the Living and the Dead date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4095 sentences = 202 flesch = 51 summary = Through all of this, the forensics teams-pathologists, investigators, laboratory professionals, photographers, social workers, autopsy and pathologist assistants, and administrative staff-have been at the frontline of pathology's largest COVID-19 front, contributing to the public welfare and the science of SARS-CoV-2 while caring for the dead and the living with a measure of compassion and kindness that few understand or know. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the forensic pathology program at the University of Michigan proved critical to supporting the counties they serve and families of the COVID-19 patients and others who died at home and in hospitals. Individuals in Michigan Medicine's 4 county forensic services who died of conditions other than SARS-CoV-2 ❚Image 2❚ A large team at the Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office in Detroit is responsible for autopsies each day and comprises a combination of Michigan Medicine staff (including pathologists' assistants), trainees, and a faculty member who functions as officer of the day. cache = ./cache/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346187-pd65r6cp author = Singh, Omvir title = Association between climatic variables and COVID-19 pandemic in National Capital Territory of Delhi, India date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4922 sentences = 278 flesch = 52 summary = Eight climatic variables such as maximum, minimum and mean temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), bright sunshine hours, wind speed (km/h), evaporation (mm), and rainfall (mm) have been analyzed in relation to COVID-19. The results of this study suggest that climatic conditions in NCT of Delhi are favorable for COVID-19 and the disease may spread further with the increasing temperature, relative humidity, evaporation and wind speed. Therefore, to fill this research gap, this study has been attempted to provide scientific evidences regarding the spread of COVID-19-infected cases in relation to various climatic variables over NCT of Delhi, a megacity in India. Recently, correlation analysis has been extensively used to associate COVID-19 pandemic confirmed cases with climatic variables (Bashir et al. The daily data of COVID-19 and eight climatic variables such as maximum, minimum and mean temperature, relative humidity, bright sunshine hours, wind speed, evaporation, and rainfall have been analyzed for the period March 14 to June 11, 2020 (90 days). cache = ./cache/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346067-zly8p0y7 author = Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo title = Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4513 sentences = 221 flesch = 52 summary = title: Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data Our therapeutic protocol was updated on April 3 rd 2020, including the recommendation of MP for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with altered/worsening inflammatory parameters (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, rising ferritin, D-dimers and or C-reactive protein) and clinical deterioration, particularly those showing impending respiratory failure with decreasing SpO2/FiO2 values. Other independent predictors of death included a previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension, the use of non-pulse glucocorticoids, a high-risk CURB65 category and SpO2/FiO2 at week 2 ( Table 2 ). Glucocorticoid use, however, should not be indiscriminate, but rather restricted to patients with laboratory evidence of inflammation and progressing respiratory compromise, and best used as short-course pulse therapy (125-250 mg/d of methyl-prednisolone during 3 days) administered during the second week after the onset of symptoms, where the hyperinflammatory reaction takes usually place. cache = ./cache/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346160-n9i0blv1 author = Gogoi, Mayuri title = Putting the voices and insights of migrants and diverse ethnic groups at the centre of our response to COVID-19 date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1348 sentences = 74 flesch = 40 summary = This will require addressing multiple barriers to involvement, and a commitment to community-centred research to address the acute needs of the populations hardest hit by the pandemic. There is an urgent need to strengthen patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and participatory research, as well as collaboration with healthcare workers from diverse migrant and ethnic backgrounds. There is an urgent need to strengthen patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and participatory research, as well as collaboration with healthcare workers from diverse migrant and ethnic backgrounds. 5 Despite calls to ensure ethnicity is integral to COVID-19 research, 6 opportunities have been missed to engage with these communities, and even more notably, recent migrants. The absence of the insights and voices of migrants and diverse ethnic groups was highlighted by the omission of stakeholder contributions in Public Health England's (PHE) report on COVID-19 disparities, 7 which was criticised for failing to advance understandings of risk factors and discrimination, or provide actionable recommendations. cache = ./cache/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346185-qmu1mrmx author = Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias title = Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1122 sentences = 80 flesch = 58 summary = title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. able on the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University [6] , the available data analyzed is considered between January 21 th 2020 and April 39 12 th 2020, included, with a feedback process in a neural network applied; it allows 40 to examined the information in real time in each state, at Fig. 1 • . cache = ./cache/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346100-j105jmmg author = Zehra, Syeda Sakina title = An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 397 sentences = 34 flesch = 57 summary = title: An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] 5 In conclusion, we agree that draconian measures have benefitted nations against COVID-19, but on the other side of the coin, it has come at a price. Let's stop the Draconian visiting restrictions medscape The content of the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 'letters to the editor' section does not necessarily represent the views of Dove Medical Press, its officers, agents, employees, related entities or the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare editors. The Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare is an international, peerreviewed open-access journal that aims to represent and publish research in healthcare areas delivered by practitioners of different disciplines. This includes studies and reviews conducted by multidisciplinary teams as well as research which evaluates the results or conduct of such teams or healthcare processes in general. The journal covers a very wide range of areas and welcomes submissions from practitioners at all levels, from all over the world. cache = ./cache/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346194-l8svzjp2 author = Nazir, Mehrab title = A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4786 sentences = 222 flesch = 40 summary = This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. In this study, the researchers determined the outcome of social media on the preventive behavior among people about COVID-19, how individuals gain information and awareness knowledge through social media to control COVID-19. Additionally, path analysis and maximum likelihood method were used to verify the mediated impact of health communication (awareness knowledge and information exchange) among social media and preventive behavior. H5 and H3 tested whether awareness knowledge and information exchange directly influenced preventive behavior during an infectious disease outbreak like COVID-19. Eke [37] supported this theory that public awareness affects an individual behavior during an infectious disease outbreak to control its spread. Therefore, due to lack of resources, most developing nations use social media networks for health communication tools to prevent and control the spread of infectious disease in a community [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346115-xilbhy37 author = Gattinoni, Luciano title = COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1106 sentences = 65 flesch = 52 summary = Yet, we should not be criticized when we suggest that Tobin and co-authors had expressed views that premature intubation in this COVID context is "fatal". For example, recently in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, we can find: "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality is the liberal use of intubation and mechanical ventilation" [3] . However, the contention that mechanical ventilation is "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality" -is not supported by clinical data and therefore, once again such a statement is yet to be proved or disproved. say "Patients with acute severe asthma develop large pleural Open Access *Correspondence: gattinoniluciano@gmail.com 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article pressure swings, yet autopsy studies in patients dying because of status asthmaticus are remarkable for the absence of pulmonary edema" [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346276-1dcp05rd author = Bonfá, Eloisa title = How COVID-19 is changing rheumatology clinical practice date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4809 sentences = 228 flesch = 50 summary = The emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 led to unprecedented changes to rheumatology clinical practice worldwide, including the closure of research laboratories, the restructuring of hospitals and the rapid transition to virtual care. Abstract | The emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 led to unprecedented changes to rheumatology clinical practice worldwide, including the closure of research laboratories, the restructuring of hospitals and the rapid transition to virtual care. Zhanguo Li. As a rheumatologist practicing at Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, the biggest challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic has been how to manage patients with rheumatic diseases remotely using online systems, social media platforms (such as WeChat) or telephone calls, because the patients simply could not physically attend the hospital. www.nature.com/nrrheum Zhanguo Li. To adapt to the totally unexpected changes to clinical practice, one option in my department of the People's Hospital was to set up a consultant team consisting of 26 rheumatologists to provide medical service free to patients with rheumatic diseases, supported technically by an internet company. cache = ./cache/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346135-uidvtpjw author = Parks, Anna L. title = COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2186 sentences = 115 flesch = 30 summary = We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. Protocols differed regarding incorporation of D-dimer tests, dosing of VTE prophylaxis, indications for post-discharge pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, how to evaluate for VTE, and the use of empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. Among the protocols that J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof addressed a clinical question, we then reported the proportion of institutions that supported a specific practice ("consensus"). Although there was near-universal agreement on the need for heparin-based VTE prophylaxis for COVID-19 inpatients without contraindications, recommended dosing strategies varied across institutions (Figure 1a) . In contrast, four protocols (19%) specifically recommended against empiric therapeutic dosing of anticoagulation based on lab values in the absence of other clinical indications such as proven VTE. cache = ./cache/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346268-6oufmmw6 author = Infante, Maria‐Stefania title = COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 666 sentences = 57 flesch = 51 summary = These patients had been advised to go to the day hospital to receive blood products or due to a new hematological diagnosis or uncontrolled disease requiring therapy. We observed that the severity of pneumonia was associated with increased risk of dying from COVID-19 in hemaWe did not observe significant differences among laboratory findings and outcome either (Table 3) . Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area Survival study of hospitalised patients with concurrent COVID-19 and haematological malignancies COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System Clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in haemato-oncology patients Poor outcome and prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies; King's College Hospital experience COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory cache = ./cache/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346184-jp3hfbrq author = TALEB, S. M. title = The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2450 sentences = 171 flesch = 61 summary = title: The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors Due to these gaps in the information published by several national and world organizations, we will present in this study the first prevalence's of COVID-19 according to some risk factors in Algeria. This descriptive study was conducted to review key information from the epidemiological bulletins of the Ministry of Population Health and Hospital Reform (MSPRH) and reports from the World Health Organization (WHO). We report in this study early data on the prevalence of COVID-19 in Algeria and in the world using the data available on the website of the Ministry of Population Health and Hospital All rights reserved. 17.20176396 doi: medRxiv preprint Reform of Algeria as well as the data of the first reports published by the World Health Organization on COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346225-dmwrm6jl author = Lucaciu, Ondine title = Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1094 sentences = 82 flesch = 50 summary = This article provides recommendation on patient evaluation, treatment approach for dental emergencies and infection control protocols. Screening for COVID-19 status and triaging for dental treatments During the pandemic, it is recommended to perform exclusively emergency dental procedures to protect the medical personnel, the patients and to reduce as much as possible the consumption of personal protective equipment. Emergency dental patients that test positive for SARS-CoV-2 should be referred for emergency care where appropriate Transmission-Based Precautions are available. Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic If procedures were performed without N95 masks, both the healthcare provider and the patient are at moderate risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global challenge, given the increased contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2, dental healthcare providers have to adopt new protocols for a better infection prevention in the dental office and new working protocols aimed to prevent spreading the virus. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine cache = ./cache/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346281-sma6e891 author = Maldonado, Valente title = Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5711 sentences = 260 flesch = 35 summary = Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. 5 Overall, the rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19, which can help reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17 and increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. cache = ./cache/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346265-jx4kspen author = Tatapudi, Hanisha title = Impact assessment of full and partial stay-at-home orders, face mask usage, and contact tracing: An agent-based simulation study of COVID-19 for an urban region date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5638 sentences = 315 flesch = 52 summary = In this paper, we investigate a few 'what-if' scenarios for social intervention policies including if the stay-at-home order were not lifted, if the Phase II order continues unaltered, what impact will the universal face mask usage have on the infections and deaths, and finally, how do the benefits of contact tracing vary with various target levels for identifying asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic. We conduct our investigation by first developing a comprehensive agent-based simulation model for COVID-19, and then using a major urban outbreak region (Miami-Dade County hospitalization (if infected with acute illness); and 10) recovery or death (if infected). The model also considers: varying levels of compliances for isolation and quarantine, lower on-site staffing levels of essential work and community places during stay-at-home order, restricted daily schedule of people during various social intervention periods, phased lifting of interventions, use of face masks in workplaces, schools and community places with varying compliance levels, and contact tracing with different target levels to identify asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases. cache = ./cache/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346345-jc9bq0zu author = Smith, Colin M title = COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2601 sentences = 144 flesch = 43 summary = This is the first case of COVID-19associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals. This is the first case of COVID-19associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals. Here, we report a case of symptomatic COVID-19-related psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of mental illness and briefly discuss the relevant literature on coronavirus-associated psychosis. 8 However, all patients were incidentally found to have positive SARS-CoV-2 test and did not present with other symptoms to suggest infection, calling into question whether the diagnosis of COVID-19 was related to the psychosis. cache = ./cache/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346288-9to4sdfq author = Haimovich, A. title = Development and validation of the COVID-19 severity index (CSI): a prognostic tool for early respiratory decompensation date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5019 sentences = 272 flesch = 43 summary = Main outcome and performance measures: We used a composite endpoint of respiratory critical illness as defined by oxygen requirement beyond low-flow nasal cannula (e.g., non-rebreather mask, high-flow nasal cannula, bi-level positive pressure ventilation), intubation, or death within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Conclusions: A significant proportion of admitted COVID-19 patients decompensate within 24 hours of hospital presentation and these events are accurately predicted using respiratory exam findings within a simple scoring system. 9, 10 Second, to aid healthcare providers in assessing illness severity in COVID-19 positive patients, we present two predictive models of early respiratory decompensation during hospitalization: the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) and a machine learning-derived COVID-19 Severity Index (CSI). Consistent with clinical observations, we noted a significant rate of progression to critical respiratory illness within the first 24 hours of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346325-grt67p73 author = Reilev, M. title = Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 9,519 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: A nationwide cohort date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4655 sentences = 258 flesch = 48 summary = Design, Setting, and Participants Nationwide population-based cohort of all 228.677 consecutive Danish individuals tested (positive or negative) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA from the identification of the first COVID-19 case on February 27th, 2020 until April 30th, 2020. In this population-based study of a Danish COVID-19 cohort capturing all individuals with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark, we provide nationwide data on clinical characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death for all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive cases identified from February 27 th , 2020 to April 30 th , 2020. In this nationwide cohort of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive cases and test-negative individuals from the general population in Denmark, we found that older age (e.g., >70 years), male sex, and number of comorbidities were risk factors for hospitalization and death. In this first nationwide population-based study, increasing age, sex, and number and type of comorbidities were closely associated with hospitalization requirement and death in SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive cases. cache = ./cache/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346338-kdjgu93q author = Spinelli, Maria title = Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4483 sentences = 201 flesch = 49 summary = Methods: Parents of children aged between 2and 14-years-old completed an online survey reporting their home environment conditions, any relation they had to the pandemic consequences, their difficulties experienced due to the quarantine, their perception of individual and parent-child dyadic stress, and their children's emotional and behavioral problems. We expected that implications of the COVID-19 outbreak might increase parents' psychological difficulties, particularly stress both at the individual and the dyadic level, with a consequent negative impact on children's emotional and behavioral wellbeing (Dalton et al., 2020) . Because the only risk factor associated with parent's individual and dyadic stress and children's psychological problems was the Quarantine parent risk index, we did not include in the model the Home and COVID risk indices. We explored bivariate associations among the environment, family, and COVID-19 outbreak-related factors on parents' stress and children's psychological problems, and the interplay among these variables. cache = ./cache/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346347-r4ork18p author = Borrion, Hervé title = Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7552 sentences = 358 flesch = 49 summary = There are reasons to believe that crime-related performance measures during a pandemic period, or other disasters, may not match the idealised resilience triangle, but rather resemble the dipper-shaped function depicted in Fig 2. Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China RD(n) provides a useful measure to monitor the operating level (%) of offenders. In the case where the crime level in this phase exceeds the pre-Disruptive Event (t DE ) level (μ 7 �μ 1 ), two sub-indicators can be used to measure the ecosystem's resilience during the recovery phase. Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China between τ − and τ + shows it took significantly longer for crime to drop than to return to its expected level. cache = ./cache/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346241-w076l97s author = Zhang, Hua title = Dynamic CT assessment of disease change and prognosis of patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4322 sentences = 222 flesch = 51 summary = The analyzed clinical data included the following characteristics: age, sex, exposure history, disease course, laboratory results, symptoms, comorbid conditions, and CT score focusing on the characteristics of pulmonary lesions, including (a) lesion size and distribution characteristics, (b) number of lung segments involved, (c) patterns of the lesion including GGO, consolidation, vascular thickening, bronchial wall thickening, crazy-paving pattern, (d) and other signs associated with the lesion (for example, adjacent pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy). According to the seventh edition of diagnosis and treatment protocols from the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China [7] , the standard of diagnosis for COVID-19 pneumonia are as follows: (1) epidemiological travel or history of exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, or exposure to those from Wuhan with fever showing obvious respiratory symptoms within two weeks of the onset of illness; (2) typical clinical manifestations including fever, respiratory symptoms, and/or normal or reduced white blood cell count or decreased lymphocyte count; (3) obvious imaging characteristics of pneumonia and (4) laboratory diagnosis using swabs of the throat or lower respiratory tract via real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reveal positivity for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author = Awasthi, Amit title = Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3962 sentences = 219 flesch = 55 summary = In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. To predict the future scenario of COVID-19, this is not appropriate to use an exponential equation, because an exponential growth represents a continuous increase, whereas in the pandemic scenario, the number of cases will indeed increase rapidly up to certain days or months, afterward the value will start to decrease after forming a peak. ;R 2 = 0.997 Fig. 5 Daily variation in confirmed COVID-19 cases the fitted GM, it is predicted that the maximum number of cases is observed during the time range of 166.15 ± 36 days. cache = ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346248-6wkyar57 author = de Moura, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux title = Diagnostic Characteristics of Serological-Based COVID-19 Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3892 sentences = 214 flesch = 42 summary = The aim of this study was to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of serological-based COVID-19 testing. This meta-analysis demonstrates suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of serologic-based diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that antibody testing alone, in its current form, is unlikely to be an adequate solution to the difficulties posed by COVID-19 and in guiding future policy decisions regarding social distancing and reopening of the economy worldwide. While this test is still the most effective method to date for the diagnosis of active COVID-19, serologic-based antibody testing to assist with known exposure to SARS-CoV-2 remains pivotal to accurately assessing the burden of disease. Therefore, we aim to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of serological-based testing (IgG and IgM) for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346310-venpta28 author = Filgueiras, A. title = Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4566 sentences = 278 flesch = 61 summary = In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors. An updated systematic review on the effects of social distancing and quarantine on mental health 78 revealed that anxiety, depression, stress, anger, insomnia, hopelessness, and sadness were all 79 increased during those conditions (Brooks et al., 2020) . Repeated measures ANOVA 309 revealed that 3 factors were all related to worse levels of stress, depression and anxiety: female 310 gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information. From the time point when quarantine was 398 decreed until 1 month later, worsening perceived stress, depression and anxiety was observed in 399 this sample of the Brazilian population. cache = ./cache/cord-346310-venpta28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346310-venpta28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346395-vdlk3ck2 author = Martín-Noguerol, Teodoro title = Teleworking beyond teleradiology: managing radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1395 sentences = 70 flesch = 36 summary = A comprehensive perspective based on our own experience during the COVID-19 outbreak has been performed highlighting the value of teleworking for almost all areas implied in the workflow of radiology departments beyond radiologists. Radiology departments (RDs) are implementing several protective measures focusing on personal protective equipment, differentiating clean and dirty scanning rooms, distinct patient circuits for suspicious and non-suspicious COVID-19 patients, sending external patients to other centers, reinforced disinfection protocols, and even new personnel policy, such as decentralized and alternating shifts among staff or establishing parallel teams where possible [4] [5] [6] [7] . Teleradiology functions include remote access to radiology information system (RIS) and Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS), Web visualization of clinical history and prior imaging studies, and reporting capabilities to radiologists. The use of Web-based scheduling solutions helps protect the patient's health minimizing the risk of potential new infections and plays an important role in preparing safe worklists. cache = ./cache/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346246-2phtdgh4 author = Mattar, Shaikh Abdul Matin title = Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2249 sentences = 120 flesch = 47 summary = We report a case of a hospitalised patient with COVID-19 who developed subacute thyroiditis in association with SARS-COV-2 infection. The patient presented with tachycardia, anterior neck pain and thyroid function tests revealing hyperthyroidism together with consistent ultrasonographic evidence suggesting subacute thyroiditis. This case illustrates that subacute thyroiditis associated with viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 should be recognised as a complication of COVID-19 and considered as a differential diagnosis when infected patients present with tachycardia without evidence of progression of COVID-19 illness. This case highlights the importance of good history taking and awareness of the diagnosis of thyroiditis in order to elicit the finding of anterior neck pain that can be conflated with upper respiratory tract symptoms in a persistently tachycardic patient with COVID-19. Subacute thyroiditis is fundamentally a clinical diagnosis, and our patient presented with clinical manifestations that were sufficient to establish this as a leading differential diagnosis, given the new-onset neck pain, thyroid tenderness and a diffuse asymmetric goitre in the context of a preceding upper respiratory tract viral illness and hyperthyroidism. cache = ./cache/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346461-eqyte6ko author = Scialpi, Michele title = Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 502 sentences = 44 flesch = 40 summary = In patients who died from COVID-19, autopsy studies revealed pneumonia from 0 to 48% of cases (17) (18) (19) . Finally, the histopathological findings in the lung of patients who died of COVID-19 are similar to those described in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (22,23), suggesting similarities in the pathogenesis and the mechanisms of lung tissue damage. The Author does not declare any conflict of interest associated for the manuscript entiltled "Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update". Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Early clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia CT manifestations of two cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia The clinical and chest CT features associated with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia Emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study cache = ./cache/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346346-h09pn9sh author = Shaikh, Sana title = Management of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5672 sentences = 290 flesch = 45 summary = Management of COVID-19 associated AKI with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) should follow existing recommendations regarding modality, dose, and timing of initiation. Escalating dosages of intravenous loop diuretics in patients with volume overload, intravenous sodium bicarbonate solution in patients with severe metabolic acidosis, and use of rapid acting potassium binders like sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the recommended modality for management of AKI in patients with hemodynamic instability 20 . KRT during acute surge in the hospitals has been extremely challenging, as institutions Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the recommended modality for management of AKI in patients with hemodynamic instability 20 . Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial Delayed versus early initiation of renal replacement therapy for severe acute kidney injury: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials cache = ./cache/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346459-tkt5ldyo author = Jie, Li Shao title = Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia after admission outside Wuhan, China date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 138 flesch = 47 summary = The patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province were studied, and those whose conditions changed after admission were compared. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent changes after admission at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province to investigate the risk factors for the changes in the condition of patients and construct a risk prediction model to Editor: Gunjan Arora. We retrospectively collected the medical data of 109 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Xiangtan city and Shaoyang city from January 2020 to March 2020, including their general condition, epidemiological history, signs and symptoms, laboratory examination and imaging findings, treatment and prognosis. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of 109 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province (Xiangtan city and Shaoyang city) and analyzed the cases with changes in condition after admission. cache = ./cache/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346483-jc0xklzk author = Chen, Jun title = Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3723 sentences = 208 flesch = 49 summary = For model development and validation, 46,096 anonymous images from 106 admitted patients, including 51 patients of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 55 control patients of other diseases in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected. Fig. 1 , a total of 46,096 CT scan images from 51 COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 55 control patients of other disease from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected for developing the model to detect COVID-19 pneumonia. However, compared to the needs of the patients, the number of radiologists is quite small, especially in Hubei province, China, which could greatly delay the diagnosis and isolation of patients, affect patient's treatment and prognosis, and ultimately, affect the overall control of COVID-19 epidemic. In the present study, our model helped expert radiologists achieve the same work with much shorter time, which greatly accelerats the efficiency of diagnosis in clinical practice, and may contribute to the improvement of patient outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346508-voe8zi2r author = Freudenberg, Lutz S. title = Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments: An International Survey in April 2020 date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3318 sentences = 172 flesch = 42 summary = Methods: A web-based questionnaire, made available from April 16 to May 3, 2020, was designed to determine the impact of the pandemic on inand outpatient nuclear medicine departments, including the number of procedures, employee health, availability of radiotracers and other essential supplies, and availability of personal protective equipment. Freudenberg and Ken Herrmann) conducted a worldwide survey with the aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine services across the globe and identify regional differences and challenges. Survey questions addressed the following categories: operational aspects of nuclear medicine departments, impact on diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and supply of radiotracers and other essential materials. Among the respondents, it was found that countries and regions that were in the postpeak phase of the pandemic when they responded to the survey, such as South Korea and Singapore, reported less pronounced impact on diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346329-xwbtftju author = Mallow, Peter J. title = When Second Best Might Be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2053 sentences = 116 flesch = 46 summary = The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. The prioritization of limited COVID-19 tests based on CDC guidance emphasized healthcare workers first and those suspectible to the disease second, potentially increasing the spread of the novel coronavirus among those most at risk (18) . The combination of widespread community transmission and lack of testing kits prevented us from having a clear understanding of the novel coronavirus spread, including those most at risk for requiring intensive care. In the absence of wide spread testing prior to or at the initial onset of the epidemic, hospitalizations and hospital utilization become the second-best indicator to monitor the severity and progression of the novel coronavirus. Our threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14, " provided a conservative threshold for informing public policy decisions, such as access to healthcare services, regarding the novel coronavirus pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346497-q34w8ewl author = Liu, Fang-Yan title = Evaluation of the Risk Prediction Tools for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3946 sentences = 212 flesch = 50 summary = MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data on demography, comorbidities, vital signs, mental status, oxygen saturation, and use of supplemental oxygen at admission to the ward were collected from medical records and used to score National Early Warning Score, National Early Warning Score 2, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center study, the discrimination of National Early Warning Score/National Early Warning Score 2 for predicting mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the ward was found to be superior to Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. Some of the most commonly used scoring systems are the National Early Warning Score (NEWS)/National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) (9) (10) (11) (12) , Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) (13, 14) , Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CRB65) score (15) , and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) (16, 17) which might serve as a risk prediction tool for the patients infected with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346496-crhv0gnt author = Sun, Ying title = Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3402 sentences = 178 flesch = 51 summary = Peripheral CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Natural killer (NK) cells, a key component of innate immunity against infection [7] , trended lower with increasing severity, but there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups. Though there was no statistically significant difference in these four different clinical classifications, the levels of creatine phosphokinase in the severe and critically ill groups were much higher than in the mild and moderate patients. The following variables showed significant positive correlation to the disease severity (p<0.01): advanced age, sputum production, shortness of breath, and higher neutrophil count, AST level (p<0.05), LDH level, GGT level, CRP level, ESR level, serum ferritin level, interleukin-6. Our findings indicated that C-reactive protein level, CD8 T lymphocyte count, and D-dimer were independent predictors of disease severity in Beijing COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346370-jdfsacds author = Sergi, Consolato M. title = The Facemask in Public and Healthcare Workers– A Need not a Belief date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1186 sentences = 63 flesch = 51 summary = Strict isolation and social distancing measures can flatten the coronavirus infectious curve, and the use of facemask needs to be encouraged and facilitated in crowded places, particularly in hospitals where the 6-feet social distancing cannot be adopted because of physical barriers. I If most people wear a mask in public at any time the transmission rate can easily decrease beneath 1.0, thus stopping the spread of the disease and limit the long-standing Lockdown measures 13 . It is important to emphasize that while a protective mask may reduce the likelihood of infection, it will not eliminate the risk, particularly when a disease has more than one route of transmission, as identified in SARS-Cov-2. While strict isolation and social distancing measures can flatten the infectious curve, the use of facemask needs to be encouraged and facilitated where the 6-feet social distancing cannot be implemented because of physical barriers. cache = ./cache/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346389-gbmnoo84 author = Callender, Lauren A. title = The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10042 sentences = 514 flesch = 40 summary = Here, we review immune dysfunction in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of pre-existing comorbidities on the development of COVID-19. Furthermore, cardiovascular complications such as thromboembolic events, myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, arrythmia, cardiogenic shock and heat failure, have been documented in COVID-19 patients without prior cardiovascular disease (71), demonstrating a significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the heart. As infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in an acute respiratory disease that can progress to ARDS, respiratory failure and potentially even death, it is reasonable to speculate that patients with pre-existing respiratory disease would be at increased risk of severe COVID-19. Consequently, it has been proposed that liver damage associated with severe COVID-19 patients is due to dysregulated innate immunity against SARS-CoV-2, or hepatoxicity in response to treatments, rather than pre-existing liver disease. Therefore, the underlying pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease may increase vulnerability to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting in severe COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346607-1mewok8l author = Oesterle, Tyler S. title = Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4945 sentences = 286 flesch = 48 summary = This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. The COVID-19 pandemic makes it imperative for clinical practice to adapt rapidly in order to meet patient needs for SUD treatment while reducing risk of COVID-19 infection; hence, many providers are now using telehealth for the first time. When compared to treatment as usual for Alcohol Use Disorder, the addition of telephone-based services has been shown to improve abstinence rates and reduce binge drinking in the short term but not after the cessation of the interventions examined with no increase in adverse outcomes. A number of studies have shown group based treatment by videoconference, both support groups and treatment groups, including those targeting tobacco, alcohol and opioid use disorders have been shown to provide safe intervention, high patient satisfaction and appear to have similar outcomes to in person treatments. cache = ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346560-jir00627 author = ELGhamrawy, S. M. title = Diagnosis and Prediction Model for COVID19 Patients Response to Treatment based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Whale Optimization Algorithm Using CT Images date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6334 sentences = 406 flesch = 57 summary = To accurately detect the signs of COVID-19 in CT images, a Feature Selection phased bases on Whale Optimization Algorithm (FSWOA) is proposed for selecting the most relevant patient's features. For this reason, in the diagnosing and classification phase of AIMDP, further evaluation from lab tests (RT-PCR and CBC) are used to exclude other causes and accurately diagnosis COVID-19, and doesn't only depend on CT images for diagnosing Finally, AIMDP has a prediction phase that gives a probability of patient ability to respond to the COVID-19 treatment based on different inputs given for the patient like his age, infection stage, respiratory failure, multi-organ failure and the treatment regimens. In the proposed model, different AI techniques are used based on their functionality on six main phases, as shown in figure 2 , namely, the pre-processing, segmentation, feature selection, classification, Prediction and diagnosis recommendation phase. cache = ./cache/cord-346560-jir00627.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346560-jir00627.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346512-y5d8q5b9 author = Pellicciaro, Marco title = Breast cancer patients with hormone neoadjuvant bridging therapy due to asymptomatic Corona virus infection. Case report, clinical and histopathologic findings date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2050 sentences = 145 flesch = 45 summary = INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer management during COVID-19 pandemic has changed and in case of COVID-19 patients with simultaneous neoplasia, it has been strongly recommended to treat Sars-CoV-2 infection firstly. According to COVID-19 breast cancer recommendations she underwent hormone neoadjuvant treatment as a bridging therapy for surgery. We report a case of woman with COVID-19 and simultaneous early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in lieu of upfront surgery and with lymph node micrometastases at pathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strongly and diffusely ER and PR positive in tumor cells: <95% and 40% respectively ( Figure 1B Before COVID-19 pandemic, patient such as this, with clinical stage T1N0, hormone receptors positive HER2-negative breast cancer, would have been a candidate for upfront surgery [11] . Therefore, the use of bridging therapy in patients with early breast cancer, during pandemic, that could benefit from upfront surgery should be evaluated in large sample studies. cache = ./cache/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346679-pgynu3s1 author = Nikogosov, Dimitri A title = Comment on “ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank” by Kuo et al. date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1146 sentences = 74 flesch = 60 summary = In the second study of COVID-19 mortality, authors reported an association between APOE*E4/*E4 homozygous status and increased risks of mortality with test-confirmed COVID-19 when compared to APOE*E3/*E3 homozygotes. When applied to the field of genetic association studies, hypothesis-aware approach greatly relaxes the threshold of the significance for detected associations by removing a necessity for an adjustment for multiple testing. In contrast, "hypothesis-free" approach of the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) sets the threshold for significance at 5×10 −8 with an allowance for minor fluctuations depending on the methodology [4] [5] [6] . In this light, it looks like a genome-wide P value threshold of at least 5×10 −8 should be mandatory for any reported genetic association regardless of the number of SNVs tested. cache = ./cache/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346501-6e91kt6c author = Pitt, Michael B title = Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 970 sentences = 68 flesch = 41 summary = In this issue of Academic Pediatrics, we feature ten innovations that highlight novel educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions were reviewed for innovation, outcome, and sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic by three educational researchers blinded to author name and institution. Papers describing virtual learning included modifications to existing conferences (e.g., morning report, grand rounds, boot camp) (n=55; 47%), conversion of electives (n=22; 19%) or clerkships (n=16; 14%), virtual simulation (n=18; 15%), and approaches to equip learners to advocate for patients and populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=7; 4%). 11 COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges, requiring educational innovations to ensure trainees continue to learn to provide high-quality, evidence-based care, advocate for patients and populations, and maintain wellness. We believe the papers featured in this issue highlight innovative educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as a foundation for shaping future medical education. Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346565-vsgbmxzv author = Cascella, Marco title = Rapid and Impressive Response to a Combined Treatment with Single-Dose Tocilizumab and NIV in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia/ARDS date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3855 sentences = 200 flesch = 48 summary = Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 pneumonia (CARDS) represents a clinical challenge, requiring often invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Despite that at the beginning of the pandemic, early invasive mechanical ventilation was indicated as the optimal strategy for CARDS management, in COVID-19 pneumonia the clinical picture of severe hypoxemia contrasted with the typical ARDS respiratory mechanics. Clinical experience, for example, suggested that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a role of primary importance in the management of CARDS as it can improve oxygenation, limiting the work of the respiratory muscles and preventing the onset of the patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) [2] . In this setting, adding the prone position to NIV could improve oxygenation, decrease respiratory effort, reducing self-induced lung injury, and avoid the need of intubation and invasive ventilation, which could be particularly useful in the case of reduced availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds [4] [5] [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346558-u1e0kzmm author = Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia title = Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3534 sentences = 164 flesch = 48 summary = Since in China smoking habit differs according to gender (52.1% of men and only 2.7% of women regularly smoke (22)), Chinese men have higher prevalence of comorbidities and a higher rate of severe or fatal outcomes in COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco smoking has been hypothesized to be an important risk factor for poor prognosis (3, 4) . A systematic review and meta-analysis (published in pre-print in April, 2020), focusing on smoking and COVID-19 progression, evaluated 12 studies (but not their quality on smoking data) and reported severe disease progression in 17.8% of smokers in comparison to 9.3% of non-smokers and a statistically significant association between smoking and disease severity (OR = 2.25, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.49-3.39); nevertheless, out of 9025 patients only 495 (5.5%) were ever smokers (27) . A very recent systematic review (also published in pre-print in April 2020), tried to clarify the role of smoking on infection, hospitalization, disease severity and mortality from COVID-19 and summarized the main findings emerged so far (31) . cache = ./cache/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346581-wgvx9usr author = Maza-Solano, Juan Manuel title = “Estrategias para la práctica de la otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello durante la fase de control de la COVID-19” date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4809 sentences = 454 flesch = 54 summary = Entre los especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas, destaca el especial riesgo de infección en otorrinolaringólogos, anestesistas, dentistas, y oftalmólogos, debido a la cercanía con la vía aérea superior del paciente durante el desarrollo de su actividad, siendo reseñable que los primeros fallecimientos de médicos por COVID-19 hayan sido otorrinolaringólogos y oftalmólogos (7, 8) . La presencia de anticuerpos IgM e IgG deben orientarnos sobre la respuesta del huésped frente al virus, que podrían relacionarse con J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Por lo tanto, con las pruebas actualmente disponibles no es posible asegurar el "riesgo cero" en la selección de pacientes. En el presente documento, se han contrastado los estudios que aportan información acerca de las estrategias y recomendaciones a seguir, y se ha consensuado una clasificación de los pacientes antes de ser valorados por el ORL (clasificación COVID-19), basada en los resultados del cribado clínico-radiológico y de las pruebas diagnósticas. cache = ./cache/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346596-uahjsqzh author = DOYEN, Denis title = Characteristics of cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1670 sentences = 146 flesch = 41 summary = 49 The most frequent abnormalities were electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs 50 of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities (87% of patients with cardiac injury), right ventricular 51 (RV) systolic dysfunction (47%), pericardial effusion (43%), new-onset atrial arrhythmias 52 (33%), LV relaxation impairment (33%) and LV systolic dysfunction (13%). 49 The most frequent abnormalities were electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs 50 of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities (87% of patients with cardiac injury), right ventricular 51 (RV) systolic dysfunction (47%), pericardial effusion (43%), new-onset atrial arrhythmias 52 (33%), LV relaxation impairment (33%) and LV systolic dysfunction (13%). 5, 6 Moreover in studies also 69 considering electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic abnormalities to define cardiac 70 injury, the latter were not described, limited to assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic 71 function 2,4,7 or were described in non-critically ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346616-kr500kgj author = Qian, Song-Zan title = Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe and Critical Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Wenzhou: A Retrospective Study date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2819 sentences = 162 flesch = 46 summary = The data on age, sex, exposure history, comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, hematological diseases), symptoms from onset to hospital admission (fever, cough, expectoration, dyspnea, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, chill, diarrhea, fatigue), laboratory results on admission (hemoglobin, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet, d-dimer, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-mb, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, hypersensitive troponin I, procalcitonin, brain natriuretic peptide, lactate, albumin, total cholesterol, cytokine levels, T lymphocyte cell subsets), treatment [Glucocorticoid therapy, Immunoglobulin therapy, Thymosin, Thaliduan, Antibiotic treatment, Antiviral treatment, Oxygen Treatment, Prone Position Ventilation, Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)], clinical outcome [Sepsis, Septic Shock, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Acute cardiac injury, Acute kidney injury, Acute liver injury, Secondary infection, Acidosis, Prognosis], and radiological and echocardiography data and as well as living status were collected. cache = ./cache/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346656-5nz0bs4v author = Masini, Francesco title = Rheumatic disease management in the Campania region of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 670 sentences = 36 flesch = 40 summary = Usually, discontinuing therapeutic treatment is not recommended, since clinical flares of rheumatic disease develop with subsequent use of other immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids, equally unsafe in the case of COVID-19 occurrence [3] . The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) clinical guidance during COVID-19 pandemic recommended management of patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy by gradually tapering doses, and warning against abrupt cessation of corticosteroid therapy, even during active infection. SIR has also promoted a dedicated platform, "CONTROL-19", for the remote monitoring of COVID-19 impact on rheumatic diseases [6] . Although more evidence is required to demonstrate the real impact of this strategy, telemedicine has demonstrated as a valid alternative to improve the quality of rheumatic patients' care during COVID-19 pandemic, thus reducing hospitalizations only to urgent admissions. Recommendations for coronavirus infection in rheumatic diseases treated with biologic therapy SIR (2020) COVID-19 monitoring in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases cache = ./cache/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author = Riggioni, Carmen title = A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15760 sentences = 1112 flesch = 48 summary = This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. The first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were reported in China in December 2019 1 and rapidly led to pandemic. 40, 41 A seroconversion study in COVID-19 patients has found and association between disease severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA levels. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy may potentiate the low IFN-I and -III levels and moderate IFN-stimulated gene response reported in SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets and COVID-19 patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346606-bsvlr3fk author = Siriwardhana, Yushan title = The role of 5G for digital healthcare against COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5230 sentences = 278 flesch = 47 summary = The novel ICT technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) [2] , Artificial Intelligence (AI) [3] , Big Data, 5G communications, cloud computing and blockchain [4] can play a vital role to facilitate the environment fostering protection and improvement of people and economies. These 5G technologies will enable ubiquitous digital health services combating COVID-19, described in the following section as 5G based healthcare use cases. Other applications would perform regular health monitoring of patients such as followup visits, provide instructions on medical services, and spread knowledge on present COVID-19 situation and upto date precautions. To address the issues in healthcare related supply chains, industries can adopt smart manufacturing techniques equipped with IoT sensor networks, automated production lines which dynamically adapt to the variations in demand, and sophisticated monitoring systems. Hence, solutions developed using 5G technologies serve various health related use cases such as telehealth, supply chain management, self-isolation and contact tracing, and rapid health services deployments. cache = ./cache/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346635-rcwrbahh author = Park, Kee B. title = Global Neurosurgery in the Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 818 sentences = 53 flesch = 54 summary = 5 The infection and death of HCWs in LMICs will impair the implementation of national COVID-19 responses and increase the workload on healthy staff. Furthermore, elective surgeries have been put on hold to decrease the infection risk for both patients and HCWs and to create additional treatment capacity for the COVID-19 patients. 6 There is now an effort within the global surgery community, whose main objective is to increase surgical capacity in the developing world, to advocate for surgical system strengthening as a component of pandemic preparedness strategy in the LMICs. Investment in surgical system building may be one of the "bestbuys" in pandemic preparedness and global health. Many neurosurgeons may feel that they have very little to add to the COVID-19 discourse, but in the context of strengthening surgical systems in the developing world, steering some of the funds earmarked for pandemic response and preparedness into surgical capacity building can lead to a more robust neurosurgical delivery system in these countries. cache = ./cache/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346721-l6y3n21b author = Vega, Marisa title = From the Trenches: Inpatient Management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1439 sentences = 96 flesch = 52 summary = Our goal is to share our experiences of caring for pregnant and postpartum women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, the COVID-19 epicenter in the United States and review current guidelines. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread dramatically 22 around the world, but there has been little evidence-based data to guide clinical management 23 of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 , and even less on the management of 24 obstetric patients. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-451 19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A 477 meta-analysis In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design 484 of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 485 (SARS-CoV-2) Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the 503 Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346712-ky5gt3pu author = Soltan, A. A. title = Artificial intelligence driven assessment of routinely collected healthcare data is an effective screening test for COVID-19 in patients presenting to hospital date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5759 sentences = 315 flesch = 46 summary = In this study, we develop two early-detection models to identify COVID-19 using routinely collected data typically available within one hour (laboratory tests, blood gas and vital signs) during 115,394 emergency presentations and 72,310 admissions to hospital. The results are presented as percentages for categorical data and as median and interquartile range for age Table 3 shows a summary of the relative performance of models trained using each independent feature set at identifying presentations due to COVID-19, reported in terms of AUROC achieved during stratified 10-fold cross validation alongside standard deviations (SDs). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20148361 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 : Assessment of performance (SD) of (a) our ED and (b) Admissions models, calibrated to 70, 80 and 90% sensitivities during training, at identifying COVID-19 amongst patients presenting to or admitted hospital emergency departments in a heldout test set with 50% assumed prevalence. cache = ./cache/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346711-2k736hvr author = Shetty, Rohit title = Stem cell therapy in COVID-19 – current evidence and future potential date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3231 sentences = 225 flesch = 45 summary = Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by an unregulated host inflammatory response towards the viral infection, followed by multi-organ dysfunction or failure, is one of the primary causes of deaths in severe cases of COVID-19 infection. Expanded Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) as a Therapeutic Strategy in Managing Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: The Case for Compassionate Use Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells FDA approved mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatments as compassionate use in the very sickest COVID-19 patients Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. Treatment with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (START study): a randomised phase 2a safety trial, The Lancet Therapeutic Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Lung Injury Mice cache = ./cache/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346815-4t4gr0jz author = Moshayedi, Pouria title = Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1492 sentences = 73 flesch = 41 summary = We present our experience with an in-hospital stroke code called on a COVID-19-positive patient with a left middle cerebral artery syndrome and the challenges faced for timely examination, imaging, and decision to intervene. Rapid attendance at the patient bedside, clinical exam, and timely imaging studies have been emphasized in the care of acute ischemic stroke patients, but the global pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (1) has created novel and significant challenges to acute stroke care. We also discuss the current evidence and recommendations to decrease healthcare-associated transmission in acute clinical examination, imaging, and interventional procedures in acute stroke patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Early reports from the COVID-19 pandemic have noted a 41% nosocomial infection rate (2) , which highlights the importance of developing protocols for transfer, imaging, intubation, and surgical or endovascular procedures on COVID-19 patients presenting with acute stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346735-52v6pbue author = Palchaudhuri, Sonali title = Adapting a GI Fellowship to a Pandemic: Novel Approaches to Accommodating a Novel Virus date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2330 sentences = 111 flesch = 48 summary = As with other Accreditation Council for Graduate Medication Education (ACGME)accredited programs, the early course required a quick response that minimized exposure of trainees to the virus while maintaining adequate clinical coverage. We addressed this by separating the call duties into two tracks: one fellow is on 'tele-call,' where they answer all calls from all three hospitals from home, and triage appropriately; the fellow on service for the week is on 'travel call' on nights in tandem with partnering service attending, only to be called if there is an urgent case requiring hospital exposure. Given the fast-paced nature of the pandemic and the multitude of directives from division and hospital leadership, our program aimed to limit anxiety for trainees through the following means: first, we set up daily tele-conferences with all fellows to review all recently-announced policies and directives as well as to address any questions raised by trainees; second, we established a separate weekly meeting with first year fellows in order to address any special needs of the cohort offering most of the clinical inpatient coverage. cache = ./cache/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346791-f2bjsopv author = Arslan, Gökmen title = Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5950 sentences = 301 flesch = 34 summary = In order to provide appropriate mental health services and develop prevention and intervention strategies for people in response to COVID-19, it is critical to understand the mitigating factors associated with coronavirus stress and psychological problems. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Given the theoretical and empirical evidence presented above, the purpose of the current study was to examine the mediating effects of the optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the association of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The results of the study generally support the mediating roles of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the association between coronavirus stress and psychological problems. cache = ./cache/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346866-90w4zepx author = Bassareo, Pier Paolo title = Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5572 sentences = 342 flesch = 62 summary = title: Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine In that book, the procedure of separating infected from healthy people to prevent leprosy from spreading, according to Mosaic Law was described, (if the shiny spot on the skin is white but does not appear to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest is to isolate the affected person for seven days. 15 Since disease was considered as a divine punishment for sinners, the biblical 40-day period of purification had crossed over into health practices and the term 'quarantine' had great symbolic and religious significance to medieval Christians. 19 20 According to current knowledge, the bubonic plague has an averaged 37-day period from infection to death; therefore, the European quarantines would be highly successful in determining the health of crews from potential trading and supply ships. cache = ./cache/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346967-br4kpm6i author = Bongiovanni, Marco title = Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 924 sentences = 60 flesch = 46 summary = Acute liver injury at admission is a quite common finding in subjects affected by COVID-19 pneumonia (5) ; although the elevation of aminotransferases is usually mild, it seems associated with disease severity. In particular, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (6) . We report here the case of a young woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in absence of respiratory symptoms, presenting at the admission with significant elevation of liver function tests compatible with acute hepatitis. (8) described a non-icteric, acute hepatitis in an HIV-infected woman, but their patient developed overt respiratory symptoms in the hours immediately following diagnosis and also had other possible causes of liver tests abnormalities such as the use of concomitant drugs and a fair number of comorbidities. Mild-to moderate liver test abnormalities are becoming a frequent finding in subjects admitted to hospital for COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346787-uo8k6qic author = Jorgensen, Sarah CJ title = Remdesivir: Review of pharmacology, pre‐clinical data and emerging clinical experience for COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5476 sentences = 367 flesch = 51 summary = 3 The remdesivir dosing regimen being evaluated in clinical trials (200 mg IV on day 1, then 100 mg IV on days 2 through 5 or 10) was substantiated by in vitro data and bridging the PK with the rhesus monkey experience to humans. Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment significantly reduced MERS-CoV-induced clinical signs, viral titers in respiratory specimens and the severity of lung lesions compared to control animals. 14 In the SARS-CoV-2 study, remdesivir was again initiated shortly before viral titers are expected to peak at 12 hours post-inoculation and a dosing regimen equivalent to the regimen being tested in human COVID-19 clinical trials was used (10 mg/kg load ~ 200 mg in humans, then 5 mg/kg daily ~ 100mg daily in humans x 6 days). In a summary of safety data reported by the FDA from the a remdesivir clinical trial comparing 5 and 10day treatment courses in patients with COVID-19, Grade 3 and 4 ALT and/or AST elevations occurred in 7% patients. cache = ./cache/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346858-18q8rxzg author = Hossain, Md. Tanvir title = Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3462 sentences = 171 flesch = 51 summary = Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has spread to Bangladesh since early March of 2020, and people are getting daily updates from the social and electronic media. For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 880 participants by a self-administered online-based questionnaire relating personal characteristics, self-rate health (SRH), SME, and EME with anxiety. The mental health burden of the COVID-19 infected patients and the healthcare professionals, fearing the persisting social prejudice and stigma generated from 'overexposure' to media 'misinformation,' forced some people to commit suicide [22] [23] [24] . At present, the level of anxiety generated from the exposure to social and electronic media during COVID-19 pandemic is not known in Bangladesh, while some other countries have addressed the issue vigorously [13, 18, 36] . cache = ./cache/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346842-ip4i3bdk author = Jeon, JuYeun title = The Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials for Medical Products in Korea date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4168 sentences = 204 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: The impact on subject's scheduled visits and major milestones of clinical trials in Korea were measured by conducting a survey among clinical project manager (CPMs) working at global clinical research organization. New approaches were necessary in clinical trials to eliminate the risk of infection by complying with the guideline and enable subjects to continue to participate in trials if no better alternative treatment options were available, for protecting the subjects' safety and well-being. The study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and the KCDC disease control guideline on the conduct of clinical research in Korea, on subjects, investigators, monitor, pharmaceutical companies, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and regulatory authorities (RAs), in order to suggest recommendations for conducting clinical trials during the pandemic. The survey was distributed to total 140 clinical project manager (CPMs) who were working at global clinical research organization and responsible for trials performed in Korea, according to method of simple random sampling from February 24, 2020 to March 7, 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346917-5dgnj11a author = Kuppalli, Krutika title = A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 843 sentences = 49 flesch = 46 summary = The pathogenesis of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely depends heavily on disruption of immune and inflammatory processes. This study clearly demonstrates that severe COVID-19 is associated with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 as well as significant reductions in CD8+ T cells. These data indicate that cytokine storms may, in concert with suppressed Th1 antiviral adaptive responses, underlie the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease. These findings are valuable for clinicians as it further supports the significant effect SARS-CoV-2 has on the systemic inflammatory response and gives insight on how to identify patients at risk for severe disease. These data also suggest that monitoring N8R and NLR over time could be a way to identify patients early on at risk for developing severe disease [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347030-yx3j6373 author = Cao, Xuetao title = COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1519 sentences = 74 flesch = 35 summary = Most patients with COVID-19 exhibit mild to moderate symptoms, but approximately 15% progress to severe pneumonia and about 5% eventually develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and/or multiple organ failure 1, 2 . Convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies has been used to treat a small number of patients with severe disease, and preliminary results show clinical improvement in 5 of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 who developed ARDS 8 . High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may lead to shock and tissue damage in the heart, liver and kidney, as well as respiratory failure COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy Xuetao Cao 1, 2 Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. In addition to the cytokine-based pathology in patients with severe COVID-19, complement activation has also been observed, indicating that complement inhibitors, if used at an early stage of the infection, may attenuate the inflammatory damage. cache = ./cache/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346811-gorp9n1g author = Hippisley-Cox, Julia title = Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5104 sentences = 275 flesch = 50 summary = We report a large, population-based study where we examined the drug histories of approximately 20% of all patients tested positive for coronavirus in England to determine if there was an independent association between ACE inhibitor and ARB drug prescription and severe COVID-19 disease susceptibility and progression. We extracted data from the GP record for explanatory and potential confounding variables including variables with some evidence of being risk factors for COVID-19 disease or severe disease as measured by ICU admission and variables likely to influence prescribing of ACE inhibitors and ARB medications. In this very large population-based study, ACE inhibitor and ARB prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 RT-PCR positive disease, having adjusted for a wide range of demographic factors, potential comorbidities and other medication. 11 In our study, prior prescription of ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs did not have a significant effect on the risk of patients developing COVID-19 disease severe enough to require ICU care. cache = ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346782-tgaqtnpz author = Baldassarre, Emanuele title = An andrologist in the front line Covid-19 team date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 779 sentences = 46 flesch = 62 summary = You learn to work for 8 h shifts wearing personal protective equipment to know a new job in a short time, to interact with health care workers you barely know or with colleagues who were recruited at the last time, without a specific training or coming from the most different departments. • Ask colleagues from the Covid task force to disseminate procedures and videos on the correct use of personal protective equipment within the group of doctors involved, constantly sending feedback and updates. • During your free time, necessary to maintain your mental and physical health (family routine, sports, hobbies…) attend webcalls of the various groups (anesthesiologists, infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, etc) to keep upwith a new status of mind and language that you will need in the Covid-19 ward and with the news colleagues. cache = ./cache/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346987-fbqqf00i author = Guo, Yongwen title = Controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in orthodontic practice date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4660 sentences = 244 flesch = 47 summary = ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has attracted worldwide concerns because of its high person-to-person infectivity and lethality, and it was labeled as a pandemic as the rapid increase of confirmed cases in most areas around the world became evident. Although the spread of COVID-19 has been effectively controlled in China and many areas have gradually resumed work and classes, orthodontic participants are still under high risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. What's more, the close contact between dental staffs and patients as well as the droplets and aerosols generated during treatment containing saliva and blood further increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practice 5 . We must constantly bear in mind that the threat of infection is not visible which poses a challenge on the orthodontic practice thus effective control measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and protect both practitioners and patients from the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346758-pi1hf6xg author = Egerup, P. title = Impact of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at delivery in women, partners and newborns date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3802 sentences = 304 flesch = 54 summary = Two smaller case reports from China documented SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newborns with COVID-19 positive mothers indicating possible vertical transmission. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and impact of SARS-CoV-2 in parturient women, their partners and newborns. We here report the results of a prospective cohort study with unselected serological testing in 1,313 parturient women, 1,189 partners and 1,206 newborns to identify if SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with obstetric and neonatal complications. The serum from the blood samples from women, partners and newborns were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and IgG). There was no significant difference between pre-pregnancy characteristics in relation to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, except blood type and that women with antibodies reported more COVID-19-like symptoms (p=0.025). In this prospective cohort study with serological testing of parturient women, partners and newborns we found no association between COVID-19 and obstetric-or neonatal complications. cache = ./cache/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347024-8fhb0j68 author = Dang, Q. title = COVID-19 In Shang Hai: It is Worth Learning from the Successful Experience in Preventing and Controlling the Overseas Epidemic Situation date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4066 sentences = 237 flesch = 55 summary = The model first uses the sparse graph model to analyze the international epidemic spread network to find countries and regions related to Shanghai. We established a variety of regression models to fit the existing growth curve, and predicted the growth of Shanghai cases from April 4th to 19th without blocking international traffic. Therefore, through the sparse network model based on & , we constructed the data matrix of the actual case statistics of 188 countries and regions in the world from January 19th to April 4th, and plotted the COVID-19 international network. After identifying 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai, we can further establish a regression model to fit the epidemic growth data of Shanghai from January 19 to April 4. After establishing a regression model, we use data from 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai from April 4 to April 19 for 15 days to predict Shanghai's epidemic growth curve without the international traffic blockade, and compare it with real data. cache = ./cache/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346998-01i6zxv8 author = Kulkarni, Spoorthy title = COVID-19 and hypertension date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2584 sentences = 163 flesch = 48 summary = COVID-19 seems to follow a pattern seen with influenza and previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks: that the severity and mortality of the infection is higher in the elderly age group. The controversy regarding continuing or discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients arose after it became apparent that SARS-CoV uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry in host cells. 12 Consequently, the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate an increased rate or susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and further hypothesis that this may increase the risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19. The study tested the hypothesis of an increased risk of severe illness in COVID-19 with hypertension with ACEi use (on ACEi n=37; not on ACEi n=168) in admitted patients. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and its expression on clinical outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347013-nt6jmmcw author = Retzlaff, Kimberly J. title = COVID‐19 Emergency Management Structure and Protocols date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2208 sentences = 107 flesch = 42 summary = Perioperative leaders have shown agile responses, including quickly pulling together and mobilizing incident command centers, augmenting and modifying existing emergency management protocols, working together to agree on COVID-19 clinical protocols, and enhancing communication efforts with their teams to keep everyone apprised of the rapidly changing situation. Protocol changes included new requirements for staff member, patient, and visitor screening; conversions of physical spaces; careful consideration when determining which surgeries are urgent or emergent and must proceed; and updated PPE requirements. During the pandemic response, staff members manning the doors to health care facilities have relied on screening tools and questionnaires-such as the one developed at Roper St. Francis Hospital in Charleston, South Carolina (Sidebar 1)-to help determine whether visitors might be infected. These changes required perioperative and other nursing leaders to collaborate with the information technology team members to convert rooms and ensure nursing staff members could document patient care in the electronic health record. cache = ./cache/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346894-iy35298o author = Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title = A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7262 sentences = 372 flesch = 42 summary = In pediatric radiology departments, the risk involved ranges from low (e.g., office workers, remote workers, telemedicine) to very high (e.g., workers performing aerosol-generating procedures on known or suspected COVID-19 patients), depending on the job task assigned [28, 29] . Standard precautions to minimize the spread of infection within health care facilities from direct contact with contaminations include hand hygiene, use of PPE based on anticipated contact with contaminated material, respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection of the environment, and proper handling of patient care equipment and waste [10] . Appropriate personal protective equipment usage stratified by COVID-19 status (Table 3) Because of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus, the CDC recommends respirators for care of all patients with COVID-19 if adequate supplies are available. For all aerosol-generating procedures in children who have either unknown or confirmed positive COVID-19 status, radiologists should adhere to the highest level of respiratory protection available: a respirator, an eye shield, a disposable gown and gloves. cache = ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347048-qqft4yc9 author = Araten, David J. title = Mild Clinical Course of COVID-19 in 3 Patients Receiving Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting C5 Complement for Hematologic Disorders date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2161 sentences = 125 flesch = 55 summary = CASE REPORTS: Case 1 is a 39-year-old woman with an approximately 20-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), who had recently been switched from treatment with eculizumab to ravulizumab prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 2 is a 54-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal transplant for lupus nephritis, complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, who was maintained on eculizumab, which she started several months before she developed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: We see no evidence of increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in these patients on anti-complement therapy, which might actually have accounted for the mild course of infection. We now have the opportunity to report on 3 patients who were on therapeutic anti-complement therapy at the time they became infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these 3 patients may have been related to anti-complement therapy, as suggested by preclinical models and reports of other patients who have received anti-complement therapy for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347109-vgubi2k8 author = Okoi, Obasesam title = How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2323 sentences = 124 flesch = 46 summary = Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene facilities and clean water services. Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene facilities and clean water services. Our analysis reveals the challenging context of mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, given the disparities in health and the socioeconomic conditions in which they arise. Health disparities in Nigeria affect the distribution of water and hygiene services among poor populations, which can lead to a disproportionate impact on public health outcomes during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19. The disparity in handwashing facility coverage across sub-Saharan Africa paints a disturbing picture of health inequality that reveals the vulnerability of the poor to the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346930-gl573ip9 author = Hussain, Azhar title = Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatments of Novel COVID-19: A Review date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4177 sentences = 207 flesch = 45 summary = Although multiple drugs show promise in the treatment of COVID-19 via either inhibiting viral replication or preventing fusion of the virus to the ACE2 receptors, further investigation is still warranted and necessary before the admission of any type of pharmaceutical agent. This review explores various drugs and their mechanism of action which are either currently being used in clinical trials or may be used in the future for the treatment of COVID-19. Since the emergence of the virus in China in December of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe resulting in the current global pandemic. Arbidol (also known as Umifenovir) is a promising repurposed antiviral agent with a unique mechanism of action targeting the S protein/ACE2 interaction and inhibiting membrane fusion of the viral envelope to the host cell [7] . cache = ./cache/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347081-g96cxamu author = Picchio, Camila A. title = The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4477 sentences = 204 flesch = 53 summary = The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy. While harm reduction centres have been reported in 13 of the 17 autonomous communities, often these centres have insufficient data or resources for proper monitoring of In order to better understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction service provision in Spain, we report service utilisation, operating hours, and provision of harm reduction services such as OST, DAAs, and ART, infectious disease testing [hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis (TB)], and mental health services during the pandemic and for the same period one year earlier. cache = ./cache/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347151-ni94qi4r author = Vespa, Edoardo title = Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat? date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 690 sentences = 45 flesch = 57 summary = We read with interest the recent study by Cai et al [1] , which describes the role of liver function tests (LFTs) in a population of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This data is in line with other studies which reported a high prevalence of LFTs abnormalities in Covid-19 but failed to demonstrate an association with worse outcomes [3] . Interestingly, our observation on the clinical value of ALP as a marker of poor prognosis is in contrast with the finding by Cai and colleagues that the risk of progression to severe disease was associated with hepatocellular (AST and/or ALT >3 ULN) or mixed (a combination of AST/ALT >3 ULN and ALP/GGT >2 ULN) pattern of LFTs elevation, rather than a cholestatic pattern. In conclusion, we think that although LFTs alterations are common in hospitalized Covid-19 patients, it is still unclear whether they carry any prognostic value. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347091-wbjpa5st author = Davis, Matthew R. title = That Escalated Quickly: Remdesivir's Place in Therapy for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5078 sentences = 233 flesch = 44 summary = In the intention-to-treat population, no difference was observed in time to clinical improvement in the remdesivir group compared to patients receiving placebo (median 21 days [IQR [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] There was also no difference in discharges by day 14 (25% vs. However, due to an evolving understanding of the protracted nature of COVID-19 disease progression, trial statisticians blinded to study data proposed a change in the primary outcome to time to recovery, defined as the first day a patient satisfies ordinal scale categories 1, 2, or 3. While these data support a small benefit of remdesivir in this patient population in terms of time to clinical improvement, there does not appear to be a difference in progression of severity of disease or death, likely because of the low incidence rate of these end points in mild-moderately ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346968-b7g4myed author = Barry, Heather E. title = Managing medicines in the time of COVID-19: implications for community-dwelling people with dementia date = 2020-08-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2790 sentences = 114 flesch = 41 summary = PwD face unique challenges with medicines management compared to other older people, often relying upon support from family/carers and primary healthcare professionals. This article considers potential issues that PwD may face with each component of medicines management (prescribing, dispensing, administration, adherence, review), and based on previous research, highlights strategies to support PwD and their carers during this time. Remote consultation methods using telephone or online services should be utilised by community pharmacists who wish to speak with PwD and their carers about medicines management issues, to conduct medication review or to provide counselling [20, 21] . Community pharmacists have a key role to play in promoting continued adherence to medicines during the current pandemic and should be mindful of this Continued repeat prescribing of medicines that may require review for assessment of appropriateness/ efficacy Non-urgent consultations in secondary care suspended, resulting in delayed treatment of dementia symptoms or other comorbidities Dispensing cache = ./cache/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347199-slq70aou author = Safta, Cosmin title = Characterization of partially observed epidemics through Bayesian inference: application to COVID-19 date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8406 sentences = 455 flesch = 54 summary = The method is cast as one of Bayesian inference of the latent infection rate (number of people infected per day), conditioned on a time-series of Developing a forecasting method that is applicable in the early epoch of a partially-observed outbreak poses some peculiar difficulties. This infection rate curve is convolved with the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the incubation period of the disease to produce an expression for the time-series of newly symptomatic cases, an observable that is widely reported as "daily new cases" by various data sources [2, 5, 6] . 2, with postulated forms for the infection rate curve and the derivation of the prediction for daily new cases; we also discuss a filtering approach that is applied to the data before using it to infer model parameters. cache = ./cache/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346942-88l03lf0 author = Kerpel, Ariel title = Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19 at Presentation date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4481 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation. 13 Data on the strengths and weaknesses of chest radiography for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are important, as CXRs are the most commonly used triage imaging tool in any patient presenting with respiratory symptoms. We identified our study population by extracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR test results (positive or negative) of nasopharyngeal swabs from all consecutive patients older than 18 years analyzed at our hospital's laboratory from the ED from March 6-31, 2020, who had a CXR at presentation (within 24 hours of the first RT-PCR). When the RALE score was evaluated as a prognostic indicator within the COVID-19 patient group, both readers had statistically significant discriminatory accuracy for severe disease and poor outcomes (Table 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347186-tbtmqmpr author = Acharya, Yogesh title = Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3549 sentences = 200 flesch = 45 summary = Non-specific combinations of the search strings included (Coronavirus OR Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome OR SARS OR Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review CQ and HCQ share similar pharmacokinetics, with rapid absorption from the gastro-intestinal surfaces, and are renally and hepatically eliminated. conducted a prospective observational safety study to evaluate the effect of CQ, HCQ, and azithromycin in association with QT interval and risk of TdP and sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients. Apart from a general warning, the FDA has cautioned against the indiscriminate use of CQ/ HCQ, either alone or in combination with azithromycin, in COVID-19 patients due to the potential linkage to cardiac toxicities, including severe complications like rhythm disturbances. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection cache = ./cache/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347126-hvrly37e author = Stanton, Robert title = Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5474 sentences = 250 flesch = 45 summary = title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults The combined effect of changes in lifestyle behaviors; confinement to the home through government restrictions in travel; and elevated depression, anxiety and stress associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, may have significant negative impacts on sleep [14] . Therefore, the present study aims to examine associations between depression, anxiety and stress and changes in health behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of social isolation rules in Australia. The present study examined the association between depression, anxiety and stress and the change in health behaviors of physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19, as individual health behaviors and as a health behavior change index composite score. cache = ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347058-kejcwlng author = Akbari, Hamed title = The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3255 sentences = 180 flesch = 48 summary = AIMS: This study aimed to make a comparison between the clinical laboratory-related factors, complete blood count (CBC) indices, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets in order to distinguish severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from the non-severe ones. Our meta-analyses with random-effect models showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocyte, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD3 cells, CD19 cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and an increase in the white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), and serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in the severe group compared to the non-severe group. In this new pandemic pneumonia, the levels of CRP and ESR significantly increased in severe cases compared to non-severe COVID-19 patients [31, 45] , which greatly coincides with those found in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347185-ttf8oigk author = Hart, Andrew title = Editorial - Covid-19 date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2765 sentences = 111 flesch = 42 summary = Supportive care needs exceed any previous healthcare challenge, while public health measures are reliant on the blunt tools of isolation and travel restriction which have an economic impact on a scale not contemplated for generations (e.g. predicted 35% fall in U.K. GDPunemployment reaching 10%; 4 10% contraction in the Eurozone economy, 42% fall in global oil price, 44% contraction in air & travel). When healthcare colleagues are being placed at risk of severe disease or death through patient contact (particularly in the face of limited protective equipment or training), we must all support social measures to minimise case numbers -virtual clinical care systems should be used to enable patients not to travel. We may see a retrenchment of healthcare funding away from the trauma and oncological care (including complex reconstruction) that benefits the individual, towards population level interventions in public health and infectious diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347090-sqw7n1v2 author = Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Moises title = New onset severe right ventricular failure associated with COVID-19 in a young infant without previous heart disease date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1816 sentences = 110 flesch = 44 summary = We present our recent experience with a 6-month-old infant with a personal history of short bowel syndrome that presented with fever, cyanosis, and cardiogenic shock secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure without pulmonary thromboembolism. We present our recent experience with a 6-month-old infant with a personal history of short bowel syndrome that presented with fever, cyanosis, and cardiogenic shock secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure without pulmonary thromboembolism. If this presentation is confirmed in future research, the severe cardiovascular impairment in children with COVID-19 could be also attributable to the primary pulmonary infection, not only to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome but also in children without heart disease. If this presentation is confirmed in future research, the severe cardiovascular impairment in children with COVID-19 could be also attributable to the primary pulmonary infection, not only to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome but also in children without heart disease. cache = ./cache/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347277-8bmcd22v author = Huang, Ying hui title = The respiratory sound features of COVID-19 patients fill gaps between clinical data and screening methods date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3802 sentences = 282 flesch = 56 summary = Conclusions: This study describes respiratory sounds of patients with COVID-19, which fills up for the lack of clinical data and provides a simple screening method for suspected patients. This study intends to leverage a remote electronic stethoscope to collect the lung auscultation characteristics of COVID-19 patients, which makes up the lack of existing COVID-19 clinical data. Based on the above method, 1 of the 8 patients was diagnosed with abnormal breath sounds by 6 physicians at the same time. The diagnosis results of respiratory sounds in the asymptomatic patients included cackles, asymmetric vocal resonance, and abnormal vesicular breath sounds with murmurs. The feature of waveform and time-frequency graph (Figure 2 .B-C) are consistent with previous description concerning cackles features: duration <100ms, and the main frequency range is about 200-600Hz. The respiratory sounds of 10 patients with COVID-19 infection were recorded and analyzed by electronic stethoscope in this research. cache = ./cache/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347238-yacn6xqk author = Angurala, Mohit title = An Internet of Things Assisted Drone Based Approach to Reduce Rapid Spread of Covid-19 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2366 sentences = 134 flesch = 62 summary = In this paper, a mechanism is proposed called DBCMS (Drone Based Covid-19 Medical Service) for the safety of medical employees who are prone to Covid-19 infection. The proposed model in this paper uses drone service to reduce the risk of infection to the doctors or other medical staff, thereby preventing the disease spread. The proposed architecture is a three-layer approach in which the first layer operates on the working of collecting samples as shown in Fig. 2 , while the second layer works for critically ill patients who need consultation of the senior doctors or emergency admission in hospitals. The working of the proposed Drone Based Covid-19 Medical Service (DBCMS) architecture is categorized into 3 layers, each of which is explained in detail as follows: The Doctor verifies the symptoms and further asks the Nurse to be ready the Blood Sample Collection Kit (Covid-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kit) in case the verification is successful, otherwise prescribes the medicine as per the symptoms by a call. cache = ./cache/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347104-h168kqjn author = Ghosh, Ritwik title = A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2596 sentences = 184 flesch = 38 summary = title: A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f It has recently reported a case of a young man presenting with bilateral severe optic neuritis and myelitis, determined to be simultaneously SARS-CoV-2 and MOG IgG antibody positive, i.e. a variant of NMOSD. We herein report a novel case of a previously healthy man who presented with a clinical picture of bouts of vomiting and hiccoughs (area postrema syndrome), which rapidly evolved to acute LETM, all following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We herein report a novel case of a previously healthy man who presented with a clinical picture of bouts of vomiting and hiccoughs (area postrema syndrome), which rapidly evolved to acute LETM, all following SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author = Lorusso, Domenica title = Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3312 sentences = 162 flesch = 42 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is possible to alleviate redundancy in clinical trials, and while preserving the rigour of a study, can offer a new, less burdened and more inclusive vision of clinical research for the scientific community of tomorrow. Data from China reported that patients with cancer who are infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, compared with the general population. 4 Although conversion to telemedicine has maintained the continuity of care for many patients, the COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted clinical research and many cancer centres halted clinical trial activities including patient recruitment. COVID-19 has pointed out that sometimes, high level of bureaucracy in research rules place unnecessary burdens on patients and clinicians and it suggests that it is time to alleviate bureaucracy and introduce some practical changes into research organisation that will possibly promote patient access to trials and reduce the costs of the clinical research. cache = ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347263-ci6mv72z author = Berekashvili, k. title = Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS-COV-2 Virus patients date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2971 sentences = 223 flesch = 56 summary = Methods: Over the last 6 weeks, data from four centers in New York City were collected to review the possible ischemic stroke types seen in COVID-19 positive patients. We also wanted to better describe the different ischemic stroke subtypes seen in patients with SARS-COV2 infection especially with the view to assess its unique features seen in the context of COVID-19. Two patients who presented with LVO had no prior complaints of viral illness but went on to develop a severe course of the disease. Only three patients had a severe course of the pulmonary disease prior to the neurological event requiring them to be hospitalized. The LVO cases were typically younger, had a worse neurological presentation, more severe form of viral disease and higher levels of hypercoagulability markers than the non-LVO patients. Ischemic stroke can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19 and may not always be associated with severe disease markers including in the young, minorities and healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347333-h899xkfy author = Li, Z. title = From Community Acquired Pneumonia to COVID-19: A Deep Learning Based Method for Quantitative Analysis of COVID-19 on thick-section CT Scans date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2963 sentences = 180 flesch = 57 summary = Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a deep learning based system was developed to automatically segment and quantify the COVID-19 infected lung regions on thick-section chest CT images. Conclusions: A deep learning based AI system built on the thick-section CT imaging can accurately quantify the COVID-19 associated lung abnormalities, assess the disease severity and its progressions. 8 The explosive growing number of COVID-19 patients requires the automated AI-based computer 9 aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that can accurately and objectively detect the disease infected lung 10 regions, assess the severity and the progressions. For evaluation, the AI based lung abnormalities segmentation was compared to two 28 experienced radiologists manually delineations, while the AI based assessment of disease severity and 29 progression was compared to patients diagnosis status extracted from clinical and radiology reports. In conclusion, a deep learning based AI system is developed to quantify COVID-19 abnormal 180 lung patterns, assess the disease severity and the progression using thick-section chest CT images. cache = ./cache/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347121-5drl3xas author = Farah, I. title = A global omics data sharing and analytics marketplace: Case study of a rapid data COVID-19 pandemic response platform. date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16886 sentences = 784 flesch = 48 summary = The platform combines patient genomic & omics data sets, a marketplace for AI & bioinformatics algorithms, new diagnostic tools, and data-sharing capabilities to advance virus epidemiology and biomarker discovery. The platform is a proven research ecosystem used by universities, biotech, and bioinformatics organizations to share and analyze omics data and can be used for a variety of use cases; from precision medicine, drug discovery, translational science to building data repositories, and tackling a disease outbreak. Our approach is designed to provide healthcare professionals with an urgently needed platform to find and analyze genetic data, and securely and anonymously share sensitive patient data to fight the disease outbreak. Among other use-cases, the provided platform can be used to rapidly study SARS-CoV-2, including analyses of the host response to COVID-19 disease, establish a multi-institutional collaborative datahub for rapid response for current and future pandemics, characterizing potential co-infections, and identifying potential therapeutic targets for preclinical and clinical development. cache = ./cache/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346995-2e84y1hl author = Hoang, Van Minh title = Describing the pattern of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2412 sentences = 127 flesch = 54 summary = In Vietnam, a middle-income country with a population of more than 96 million people, the first case of COVID-19 was detected on 23 January 2020. Vietnam mobilised participation from its entire political system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, employing the principle 'Early detection, strict quarantine, isolation as well as active treatment', and achieved some initial successes. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients detected in the two phases of the epidemic in Vietnam. Although Vietnam achieved initial success in providing timely treatment to the COVID-19 patients as well as in containing the spread of the disease in the community, further proactive and comprehensive actions to tackle the COVID-19 epidemic in this country must be carried out as the global pandemic proceeds. cache = ./cache/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347260-7glhaow6 author = Bi, Xiaojie title = Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2270 sentences = 150 flesch = 55 summary = This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI = 0.845–0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L. In this study, we compared the differences in the indexes of coagulation function and dynamic changes in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 to investigate the risk factors of developing severe disease. We then performed a novel Nomogram that integrated FAR and PLT count for 10-day non-severe survival and 20-day nonsevere survival to predict the disease progression for each COVID-19 (Figure 3a) . cache = ./cache/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347262-q88g1561 author = Schutzer‐Weissmann, J. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection risk during elective peri‐operative care: a narrative review date = 2020-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4753 sentences = 279 flesch = 39 summary = Whilst none of these were anaesthetists or intensivists, 53/1718 (3.1%) healthcare workers performing or involved in tracheal intubation of patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 subsequently reported laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection [4] . Here, we review the evidence from SARS and contemporaneous data from COVID-19 to inform assessment and management of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri-operative care. The WHO list of aerosol-generating procedures is based on epidemiological evidence of transmission to healthcare workers caring for SARS patients [30, [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . The studies upon which the WHO list of aerosol-generating procedures is based do not provide any direct evidence that tracheal intubation itself increases the risk of SARS transmission. Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review cache = ./cache/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347349-caz5fwl1 author = Yu, Xinhua title = Distinctive trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic by age and gender: a retrospective modeling of the epidemic in South Korea date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3800 sentences = 212 flesch = 58 summary = METHODS: Using publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. In addition to identifying the best fit of the epidemic process, we explore gender-and age group-specific trajectories of COVID-19 to facilitate our understanding of the disease and its impact on different populations, and inform the potential and severity of COVID-19 rebound. In this study, we demonstrated different trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic between gender and age groups based on South Korea data. In summary, in South Korea, and likely in other countries, COVID-19 epidemic processes had distinctive dynamic patterns among age and gender groups. Risk interactions of coronavirus infection across age groups after the peak of COVID-19 epidemic medRxiv:2020 cache = ./cache/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347225-gh51ag2x author = Fu, Weihui title = A clinical pilot study on the safety and efficacy of aerosol inhalation treatment of IFN-κ plus TFF2 in patients with moderate COVID-19 date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4921 sentences = 233 flesch = 46 summary = INTERPRETATION: Aerosol inhalation of IFN-κ plus TFF2 is a safe treatment and is likely to significantly facilitate clinical improvement, including cough relief, CT imaging improvement, and viral RNA reversion, thereby achieves an early release from hospitalization. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal inhalation of TFF2 and IFN-k protein for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted an open-label, nonrandomized, clinical trial in adult patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 disease in China. In this trial, any AE from the beginning of aerosol inhalation to 5 days after the end of the last aerosol inhalation were taken as an adverse event during treatment (TEAE); The secondary objective of the pilot study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of IFN-k plus TFF2 as compared to the control group as assessed by days of hospitalization staying, CT imaging improvement and cough relief time and negative reversion of viral RNA after 10 days of treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347245-35naeuo7 author = Zhou, Yongjie title = The prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances of frontline medical staff in China under the COVID-19 epidemic: workload should be concerned date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2891 sentences = 159 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND: To our best knowledge, this was the first time to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances, including depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, insomnia and suicide, among frontline medical staff, who were working with the COVID-10 infected patients directly. METHODS: Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire scale (GAD-7), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) somatization, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the suicidal module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used for online survey. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors (including work overload) of psychological disorders among frontline medical staffs in China, including depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms, insomnia and suicide risk. After adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, ethnicity, family income, physical diseases and infection of relatives or friends, , the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, somatization symptoms, and insomnia were higher in frontline medical staff than those in general population (57.6% vs. cache = ./cache/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347351-emdj66vj author = Kampf, Günter title = Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10283 sentences = 592 flesch = 50 summary = Originating from a single travel-associated primary case from China, the first documented chain of multiple human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 outside of Asia allowed a detailed study of transmission events and identified several factors (e.g. cumulative face-toface contact, direct contact with secretions or body fluids of a patient, personal protective equipment) to classify contacts as low or high risk [32] . In the close surrounding of COVID-19 patients in hospitals SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected more frequently compared to surfaces outside the patient rooms but samples were so far consistently negative for infectious virus. General disinfection of frequently touched surfaces in the public such as shopping carts or door handles is, however, unlikely to add any protective value because even in COVID-19 wards inanimate surfaces were mainly contaminated in the permanent and immediate surrounding of symptomatic patients (detection of viral RNA, not of infectious virus) and only rarely one room away [138] suggesting that the risk to find SARS-CoV-2 on frequently touched surfaces in the public is low. cache = ./cache/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347356-uc9dqhyq author = Cooper, TJ title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3949 sentences = 228 flesch = 54 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to systematically review current studies reporting on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies that discuss PLHIV who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that report whether coinfection results in a greater risk of adverse outcomes and, furthermore, whether controlled HIV infection vs. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in Global Health, SCOPUS, Medline and EMBASE to identify articles that discussed HIV-positive patients and the clinical implications of HIV infection in COVID-19 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines [13] . [21] , also highlighted a case study of a HIV patient with SARS-CoV2 co-infection, diagnosis of viral pneumonia was made on clinical examination and chest CT findings. cache = ./cache/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347288-ub0l4mov author = Yin, Xi title = Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2863 sentences = 164 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744–0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). The aim of this study was to use an open-source software platform to compare the accuracy of the clinical classification of the severity of COVID-19 based on quantitative CT parameters and the semiquantitative visual score. Table 5 shows the cutoff values, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval when the chest CT images of all subjects were assessed with the two different systems: the quantitative CT parameters were more accurate than the semiquantitative visual score for determination of the severity of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347459-8ju196uu author = Nikolovska, Manja title = “Show this thread”: policing, disruption and mobilisation through Twitter. An analysis of UK law enforcement tweeting practices during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9390 sentences = 442 flesch = 52 summary = Moreover, in terms of the impact of tweets, as measured by the rate at which they are retweeted, followers were more likely to 'spread the word' when the tweet was content-rich (discussed a crime specific matter and contained media), and account holders were themselves more active on Twitter. The analysis of 114,257 tweets and their metadata indicate that (a) most of the tweets focused on issues that were not specifically about crime; (b) during the time of crisis the stakeholders in question tended to increase their retweeting activity rather than creating original tweets; (c) the visibility of an account (number of followers and favouriting habits) and the richness of the content (discussing Covid-19, crime specific issues and including media such as images) were associated with the likelihood of messages spreading (both in terms of whether they were retweeted and the frequency with which this was so); (d) relative to the preceding 5 months, during the first 5 months of the pandemic tweets on Fraud, Cybercrime and Domestic abuse increased significantly. cache = ./cache/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347384-lwrrm5kx author = Klocker, J. title = Operieren, Absagen, Verschieben oder Selektionieren?: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter gefäßchirurgischen Zentren während der Covid-19-Krise in Österreich date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2903 sentences = 335 flesch = 43 summary = März 2020 angeordneten Lockdowns in Österreich erfolgte, welche gefäßchirurgischen Operationen weiter durchgeführt, abgesagt oder verschoben wurden, und wie einheitlich oder uneinheitlich dieses Vorgehen in verschiedenen gefäßchirurgischen Zentren des Landes war, wurde mittels eines Onlinefragebogens erfasst. Wie sich (im Nachhinein) herausgestellt hat, waren die Begriffe "abgesetzt" und "verschoben" schlecht zu differenzieren, wurden also vielfach nahezu synonym verwendet, da das "Absetzen" einer OP (ein für alle Mal) selten anzunehmen ist und das "Verschieben" allerdings in vielen Fällen mit unklarem und nicht festgelegtem Zeitfenster erfolgen musste, also de facto zunächst einem "Absetzen" entsprach (zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung war die zeitliche Befristung der OP-Einschränkungen seitens der Behörden nicht absehbar). Die in Österreich in gefäßchirurgischen Zentren durchgeführte Onlineumfrage zeigt, dass in allen Institutionen Patienten mit COVID-19-Infektion behandelt wurden, aber vergleichsweise seltener Patienten und Mitarbeiter der gefäßchirurgischen Abteilungen betroffen waren. cache = ./cache/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347388-9uqgt7wb author = Garrido-Hermosilla, Antonio Manuel title = Auditoría inmunitaria de COVID-19 en el servicio de Oftalmología de un hospital de tercer nivel antes del desconfinamiento date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 750 sentences = 76 flesch = 60 summary = No obstante, la accesibilidad a las pruebas de detección de SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por sus siglas inglesas), el virus causante de la COVID-19, ha sido y continúa siendo limitada para los profesionales sanitarios, como es de sobra conocido. Ante estas perspectivas, en nuestro servicio decidimos adquirir a título personal un lote de 40 test rápidos VivaDiag TM COVID-19 IgM/IgG (VivaChek Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China). De este modo, con nuestro estudio, perseguíamos dos objetivos fundamentales: conocer si alguno de los oftalmólogos del servicio, todos sin síntomas, era un caso asintomático, y determinar si alguno había pasado la infección de forma inadvertida y presentaba inmunidad frente al virus, todo ello con vistas a tratar de planificar futuras estrategias de asistencia clínico-quirúrgica. Este resultado fue verificado por dos oftalmólogos de nuestro propio servicio, distintos evidentemente del que había sido analizado, consignando para ello una hoja de certificación diseñada específicamente para tal cuestión (Fig. 1C) . B) Resultado negativo de un test rápido realizado a uno de los oftalmólogos de nuestro servicio. cache = ./cache/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347414-t88654wo author = Peng, Mian title = Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2750 sentences = 134 flesch = 46 summary = title: Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. Here, we report the successful management of seven critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who suffered acute respiratory failure. Good treatment outcomes can be achieved for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with early sequential noninvasive-invasive ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy, which comprises antiviral and anti-inflammation medicines, immune system support, and prophylaxis for vascular complications. cache = ./cache/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347480-vs57lu1f author = Wang, Shu title = Psychological distress and sleep problems when people are under interpersonal isolation during an epidemic: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5252 sentences = 271 flesch = 49 summary = We conducted this large-scale, nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using a population-based representative sampling procedure to explore the psychological impact of interpersonal isolation and the stress of infection among a wide range of people. Based on the preinvestigation results, areas were stratified by the number of confirmed patients, and psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7, Cronbach's α = 0.90) [11] , the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9, Cronbach's α = 0.89) [12] , and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI, Cronbach's α = 0.83) [13] . However, the present study found that participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19. The present study found that 11.0-13.3% of participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms and that 1.9-2.7% had severe psychological distress or sleep problems during the outbreak of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author = Skevaki, Chrysanthi title = Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3073 sentences = 162 flesch = 41 summary = Furthermore, another study of 140 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, demonstrated significantly higher leukocyte counts among those with severe COVID-19 disease, compared to patients with milder infection (p=0.003) 3 . Absolute lymphopenia is commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but pronounced lymphocyte depletion is a cardinal marker of enhanced disease severity and an indicator of imminent death, that has been consistently depicted by almost all currently published reports, coming mainly from China 1-7 . A retrospective Chinese study reported that NLR, along with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, could be used as a simple discriminative tool for severity between COVID-19 patients, and further predict the clinical outcome of these patients 14 . Current data support that critically ill patients as well as fatal cases of COVID-19 have significantly higher LDH levels (usually >320 U/L) compared to moderate infections 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347404-nv70mlae author = Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. title = Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment of COVID-19 in India date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 955 sentences = 61 flesch = 57 summary = One postexposure prophylaxis, convalescent (immune) plasma (CP), has shown some success in China and previously in the cure and therapy of other coronaviruses, SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Drawn from current patients who are infected with COVID-19, its CP (human anti–SARS-CoV-2 plasma) might be one way to modulate the infectivity of this virus or its effects postinfection. Lessons learned thus far from the largest outbreaks of this pandemic in China, the US, Italy, and Spain reveal that there is still no cure, although several possible drugs and novel agents, which have not been clinically tested, are available through compassionate use, or as repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating pharmacotherapies. 4 In China, five critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 (also with acute respiratory distress syndrome) received a transfusion of SARS-CoV-2especific IgG (binding titer > 1:1000; neutralization titer > 40) 10e22 days after admission. cache = ./cache/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347360-l1v93av4 author = Shapira, Guy title = Ethnic differences in alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID‐19 fatality rates date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2433 sentences = 138 flesch = 38 summary = Our study compared reported national estimates for the major alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles PiZ and PiS (SERPINA1 rs28929474 and rs17580, respectively) with the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center dataset. We found a significant positive correlation (R = .54, P = 1.98e−6) between the combined frequencies of the alpha‐1 antitrypsin PiZ and PiS deficiency alleles in 67 countries and their reported COVID‐19 mortality rates. We examined if population variations in human serine protease inhibitor (serpin) genes may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection rates and fatalities in East and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to other regions. Considering the above, we propose that the low carrier frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency PiZ and PiS alleles in East and Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African F I G U R E 1 Demographics of national alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and COVID-19 fatality rates per 1,000 population. cache = ./cache/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347446-yw0nk7fo author = Vantarakis, A. title = COVID-19 and Environmental factors. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3169 sentences = 192 flesch = 49 summary = In our review, the analysis of 23 studies show evidence that high temperature and high humidity reduce the COVID-19 transmission. The aim of the review was, therefore, to summarize all available data on the impact of environmental factors on the survival of all coronaviruses including emerging SARS-CoV and MERS CoV. This systematic review was limited to studies focusing to environmental factors' impact on COVID-19. All included studies assessed the role of various environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19. Detailed characteristics of the studies included, like author, title and year of publication, country and continent of the study, method of assessing the impact of the environmental factors and the outcome variable are described in Table 1 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 Temperature associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101 Figure 2 Environmental factors associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347504-pkkh9uy4 author = Rajhans, Vidyut title = Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities and way forward in Indian Optometry date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3082 sentences = 180 flesch = 47 summary = In the last week of April 2020, on the observation that the majority of optometry institutions have switched their teaching-learning activities on e-learning mode, an online survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire containing a mix of open and close-ended questions. The quick transitions to online mode assisted in keeping continuity of optometry education programs, effectively fitting in the purpose of completion of the current academic year. Social distancing and telemedicine are set to be 'a new normal' hereafter, imposing a persistent challenge for global optometry educators, to teach various clinical skills to the students 14 . This paper reports the findings of the observational study describing the rapid transition of optometry education in India amid COVID 19 disruptions. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was designed to find changes in optometry training and adaptations of Indian optometry educators amid COVID 19 lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author = Mazzola, Santina M. title = Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3413 sentences = 188 flesch = 39 summary = Perioperative and organizational leaders at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) were challenged to establish and implement a variety of strategies quickly to help ensure patient and staff member safety during the COVID-19 crisis. At HUP, administrators requested that health care leaders and their teams develop protocols to prioritize patient and staff member safety while also conserving the PPE inventory. The HUP leaders consulted the most recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization COVID-19 recommendations before deciding to require all employees, patients, and visitors to wear face masks while inside the health care facility. The leaders directed all perioperative personnel to wear a surgical mask during low-risk AGPs on patients who tested negative for COVID-19, a practice unchanged from the standard process used when preparing the sterile field. cache = ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347488-th07jo7u author = Akseer, Nadia title = COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3344 sentences = 162 flesch = 42 summary = Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. A recent modelling exercise of various estimates of the potential impact of COVID-19-related economic deterioration, food insecurity, and interruption of programs of community-based detection and management of malnutrition suggests that the prevalence of wasting could increase by 10-50% with an excess of ∼40,000-2,000,000 child deaths (4) . In today's COVID-19 environment, such systems in Peru, Kyrgyz Republic, and many other countries can be leveraged to build on and enhance social and economic protection for vulnerable families, and consequently prevent ill health and chronic undernutrition in children. cache = ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347308-l19snjyf author = García-Howard, Marcos title = Case Report: Benign Infantile Seizures Temporally Associated With COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3095 sentences = 170 flesch = 47 summary = Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. Additionally, during hospitalization, the patient and her mother were included in a collaborative study of genomic medicine for identifying genetic variants causing hyperimmunity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347460-9vechh4x author = Chang, Feng-Yee title = Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8050 sentences = 384 flesch = 43 summary = Three components are crucial for SARS-CoV induced diseases: 1) the role of CD8+ T cells in defense against the virus, which causes apoptosis in the infected cells, 2) interactions of the virus with macrophages and dendritic cells, which initiate the early innate and subsequent adaptive immune responses, and 3) type I interferon (IFN) system, an innate response against viral infections, which can inhibit virus replication in the early phase. Existing information suggests that the SARS-CoV-infected airways and alveolar epithelial cells secrete abundant chemokines to attract immune cell infiltrations to the lungs, including macrophages and neutrophils, thereby causing damage due to high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators secreted by these cell types. After a decade of research on coronavirus, unfortunately, still there are no licensed vaccines, effective specific antivirals, nor drug combinations supported by high-level evidence to treat the infection, especially for newly emerging strains such as SARS-COV-2 [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347500-sigm6tos author = Vetter, Thomas R. title = The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 995 sentences = 56 flesch = 52 summary = In February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 was subsequently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the causative agent of the emerging zoonotic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As presciently described in 3 articles in the July/ August 2005 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs, the recent emergence of a novel viral strain like SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing COVID-19 global pandemic were by all accounts biologically, historically, culturally, and politically inevitable. 2-4 COVID-19 is only the most recent of a litany of so-called "emerging infectious diseases" that have opportunistically infected humans for centuries and likely for millennia. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), applying an R 0 value of 2.5, this equates to a herd immunity threshold of 60%. Emerging infectious diseases and pandemic potential: status quo and reducing risk of global spread cache = ./cache/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347490-9eyq4j14 author = Cimerman, Sergio title = Deep Impact of COVID-19 in the HealthCare of Latin America: the case of Brazil date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1080 sentences = 65 flesch = 62 summary = 1 From February 25, 2020, when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was firstly confirmed in Brazil, proceeding as an imported case from Italy, up to April 17, 2020, more than 81,000 cases have been reported in the Latin America and Caribbean region. 1, 4 Sadly, also the last years' vaccine coverages in multiple countries of Latin America, but also some areas of individual nations, have significantly decrease, allowing the imminent menace of imported cases and spreading with local transmission of this once not reported old diseases, such as is especially the case of measles, that in fact, due to forced migration from Venezuela arrived especially to Roraima and Amazonas to lead to thousands of cases in the region. Currently, epidemiological data from Brazil clearly show that there is an unexpected increase in the number of hospitalizations due to severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) (Figure 1 ), especially two weeks after the first case diagnosed in São Paulo, coinciding with the disease incubation period. cache = ./cache/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347289-3yi5tz04 author = Poon, L. . C. title = ISUOG Interim Guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals – an update date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8036 sentences = 413 flesch = 42 summary = American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/phys ician-faqs/covid-19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-obstetrics Centers for Disease Control , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health emergency. A case series of 12 pregnant women with SARS-CoV in Hong Kong, China, reported three maternal deaths, that four of seven patients who presented in the first trimester had spontaneous miscarriage, four of five patients who presented after 24 weeks had preterm birth and two mothers recovered without delivery but their ongoing pregnancies were complicated by FGR 8 . In two studies, with a combined total of 10 pregnant women with COVID-19 in the third trimester, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting there was no evidence of vertical transmission in women who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy 26, 76 . An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347535-tgou78o7 author = Goh, Kah Kheng title = Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons date = 2020-08-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1615 sentences = 92 flesch = 51 summary = Accessibility to health service, testing capacity, the supply of personal protective equipment are budget-constrained and are not being prioritized for inmates Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons [5] . As a solution to mitigate the harms of COVID-19 outbreak in prison [7] , several countries including Iran, France, Italy, Child, USA, and Indonesia have taken action to reduce the prison population by releasing "low-risk" offenders. Measures have included the establishment of the joint planning and central command with Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. To minimize the risk of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwanese prisons, several steps have been taken, including the establishment of the joint planning and central command with CECC, the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. cache = ./cache/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347553-d7q6u7vj author = Criado, Paulo Ricardo title = Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid‐19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5067 sentences = 326 flesch = 40 summary = The antithrombotic effect of chloroquine analogues has been attributed to a range of mechanisms, including reduction in red blood cell aggregation, inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion, reduction in blood viscosity and enhancement of antiplatelet activity 86 Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were indicated for treat patients with COVID-19, under in vitro effects due to capacity as 87 : (a) an inhibitor of endocytic pathways through an elevation of endosomal pH, and (b) these drugs shown to interfere with the terminal glycosylation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which acts as a plasma membrane receptor for both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. 61 99 Procoagulant factors, such F I G U R E 5 Clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients/Covid-19, immune system responses, systemic and possible cutaneous manifestations.① The outcome spectrum is probably related to intrinsic host factors. ③ In a selected group of patients, with moderate and severe Covid-19, some authors proposed that a genetic background in these subjects might determinate one new immune response as ④ 'second wave' of cytokines production, the 'CSS' in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, similar to Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS-like/sHLH). cache = ./cache/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347602-ab2gv1e5 author = de Melo, A. C. title = Cancer inpatient with COVID-19: a report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 208 flesch = 54 summary = Standing out worldwide for having one of the steepest epidemiological curves, the country has already reached the second place in incidence with almost 1.08 million cases and second place in mortality with more than 50,500 deaths so far 3 Patients with cancer are more likely to have severe complications and even death when affected by COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] , mainly due to the effects of the immunosuppressive anticancer treatments, frequent use of corticosteroids, advanced age, comorbidities and pulmonary involvement (primary tumors or secondary lung metastases). Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author = Li, Michael title = Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3300 sentences = 171 flesch = 40 summary = EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. On this basis, physicians at our hospitals have administered Tocilizumab to COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory impairment off-label and outside of a clinical trial hoping to improve outcomes by preventing or ameliorating the development or progression of the COVID-19 related cytokine storm, thereby inhibiting the development of ARDS in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. Criteria for inclusion in the Tocilizumab treatment group included: 1) age of 18 years or older with a clinical presentation consistent with COVID-19 (e.g., fever, respiratory symptoms, and new pulmonary infiltrates), 2) laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by an RT-PCR test, and 3) outcome data available. cache = ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347492-zz3walri author = Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title = Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3134 sentences = 189 flesch = 52 summary = title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. The PREP should allow a non-frontline pandemic specialist like an orthopaedician to be alert and trained to evolve as a frontline health care provider, as and when the situation demands, on the lines of development of a pandemic. At this stage, essentially, the orthopaedic surgeons would have to become a part of the pandemic response task force which includes the entire health care workforce. cache = ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347548-h5fk64p8 author = Zarza, José title = Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1843 sentences = 122 flesch = 51 summary = title: Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), which has sparked growing interest and concern in the international community. 1 We present a case of COVID-19 associated with Evans syndrome (hemolytic anemia plus thrombocytopenia, both with autoimmune causes) and antiphospholipid antibodies. With these findings, her diagnoses upon admission were SARS-COV-2 infection, SLE with associated antiphospholipid antibodies, and Evans syndrome. We present the case of a young patient who was apparently in good health but had a history of venous thrombosis of unknown cause in her childhood, which started with Evans syndrome and a high titer of antiphospholipid antibodies, in coincidence with a SARS-COV-2 infection. 4 Although the decreased platelet count is usually mild in COVID-19, some cases of severe thrombocytopenia have been reported in the context of disseminated intravascular coagulation in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347684-qzswojwp author = Majumder, Ranabir title = Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3775 sentences = 210 flesch = 48 summary = title: Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach Plant-based natural compounds from Sigma-Aldrich plant profiler chemical library have been screened through virtual molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential inhibitors of COVID M(pro). Our virtual molecular docking results have shown that there are twenty-eight natural compounds with a greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 M(pro) inhibition site as compared to the co-crystal native ligand Inhibitor N3 (-7.9 kcal/mol). Performing virtual molecular docking, we found that Rutin from garlic (Allium sativum) possesses a higher binding affinity than native co-crystal ligand inhibitor N3 toward COVID-19 main protease. Our virtual molecular docking score suggests that the top twenty-eight compounds (Table 1 ) have a higher amount of binding affinity toward inhibition site of COVID-19 M pro as compared to the native co-crystal ligand: Inhibitor N3. cache = ./cache/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347697-uz0i6wfp author = McLean, Ross C. title = A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a “lockdown” effect? date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3894 sentences = 207 flesch = 45 summary = title: A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a "lockdown" effect? Two separate cohorts of adult emergency general surgery inpatient admissions immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a large University hospital in the North of England providing specialist services to a population of over 450,000 people) were included in this study. The main outcomes for this observational study were aetiology and severity of surgical disease at presentation, initial management strategies instigated, length of stay in hospital and intensive care, unplanned readmission to hospital or intensive care, postoperative complications (defined by the Clavien-Dindo Classification [25] ), and all-cause patient mortality within 30 days of admission and operative 30-day mortality. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the impact of 'lockdown' on emergency general surgical admissions in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347547-makm0j09 author = Duran-Frigola, Miquel title = Bioactivity Profile Similarities to Expand the Repertoire of COVID-19 Drugs date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1942 sentences = 99 flesch = 46 summary = By comparing the set of drugs reported to be potentially active against SARS-CoV-2 to a universe of 1 million bioactive molecules, we identify compounds that display analogous chemical and functional features to the current COVID-19 candidates. Searches can be filtered by level of evidence and mechanism of action, and results can be restricted to drug molecules or include the much broader space of bioactive compounds. Indeed, we conducted a limited review of the most relevant scientific literature and identified over 200 compounds that are potentially active against COVID-19 with different levels of experimental support, from purely computational predictions to preclinical and drugs already in clinical trials. We use the list of COVID-19 compounds extracted from the literature, with different levels of experimental evidence, as bait to search for compounds with similar bioactivity or chemical features among the 800,000 molecules contained in the CC. cache = ./cache/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347607-ydbyonbg author = Spagnuolo, Rocco title = COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patient Knowledge and Perceptions in a Single Center Survey date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3726 sentences = 176 flesch = 46 summary = The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: (1) anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) IBD management, (4) prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to perform a survey about knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, knowledge of disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during the pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire was defined and organized into five sections, dealing with: (1) demographic and clinical characteristic, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) knowledge about management of IBD, (4) knowledge of prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347515-3dbx61tz author = de Moura, J. title = Deep convolutional approaches for the analysis of Covid-19 using chest X-Ray images from portable devices date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5802 sentences = 250 flesch = 39 summary = This work presents novel fully automatic approaches specifically tailored for the classification of chest X-Ray images acquired by portable equipment into 3 different clinical categories: normal, pathological and COVID-19. In that line, we selected in this work the most complex scenario of differentiation to analyze the COVID-19 disease; (ii) to date, this proposal represents the only study specifically designed for the analysis of COVID-19 in chest X-Ray images acquired by means of portable devices, with a significant penalization in the quality of the captured images; (iii) the methodology has been trained and validated using a dataset specifically designed for this research; (iv) these fully automatic approaches provided accurate results even though portable devices acquire images with poor quality conditions, allowing a reliable analysis to support the clinical decision-making process in the context of this dramatic global pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347718-qctii42h author = Sgura, Fabio Alfredo title = Complicated myocardial infarction in a 99-year-old lady in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: from the need to rule out coronavirus infection to emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1963 sentences = 79 flesch = 42 summary = Although acute coronary syndrome (specifically non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction) was considered as the most probable diagnosis, watchful waiting was initially applied, taking into account patient's history and the very advanced age and, above all, the need to rule out COVID-19 infection in view of the presence of fever, cough and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the strenuous effort to counteract COVID-19 pandemic, it is anyway mandatory to continue to ensure appropriate care to all the patients, including the elderly, and this case of an old-old lady shows that invasive treatment of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction can be practiced even in this complex situation of our health-care system and the patient close to 100 years of age. Despite the general perception, strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic, that elderly people, and especially the old-old, have severe outcomes in case of acute cardiovascular diseases, leading to uncertainties about the value of intensive care and invasive interventions, our case stresses the need for individualized and shared decision making, involving the patient and relatives, and not excluding percutaneous coronary intervention when the situation is highly unstable. cache = ./cache/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347778-b2ufs25y author = Ebigbo, Alanna title = Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2117 sentences = 127 flesch = 50 summary = Methods A web-based survey was conducted by the International Working Group of the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the World Endoscopy Organization to determine the impact and effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on endoscopists in African countries. As with all other fields of medical practice, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially with regards to triage and prioritization of patients and procedures, cleaning and disinfection of equipment as well as protection of health care workers (HCW) [11, 12] . To acquire information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in SSA including changes in endoscopic activity, availability of PPE, use of pre-endoscopic screening measures, and capacity of endoscopy units in general, a web-based survey with 29 questions (Appendix 1) was distributed to 86 gastroenterology and endoscopy centres across northern and central Africa and SSA. cache = ./cache/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347691-ia2i8svg author = Larici, Anna Rita title = Multimodality imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia: from diagnosis to follow-up. A comprehensive review date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7456 sentences = 363 flesch = 37 summary = The purpose of this comprehensive review is to understand the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of chest X-ray (CXR) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in defining the common imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and correlating them with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. As suggested in the recently published WHO (World Health Organization) advice guide for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, chest imaging should be used for diagnostic purpose in symptomatic patients if RT-PCR is not available or its results are delayed, or in case of negative result in the presence of a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 [11] . Apart from recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia features, imaging -especially CT -may reveal possible alternative diagnoses (e.g. pulmonary oedema, alveolar haemorrhage, other type of lung infections) that justify patient's respiratory symptoms [25, 26] . cache = ./cache/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347737-guldy3cq author = Dalan, Rinkoo title = Metformin, Neutrophils and COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 55 flesch = 38 summary = Recent reports have shown that that sera from patients with COVID-19 have elevated levels of NETS such as cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3), highly specific markers of NETs and these were associated with markers of inflammation [10] . Metformin has been shown to reduce neutrophil count in polycystic ovarian disease [13] and reduce neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in patients with diabetes [14] . Metformin has been associated with a decrease in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an acute phase protein released by neutrophils and is known to be elevated in patients with diabetes [17] . While beneficial mechanistic links through neutrophils can be suggested with the use of metformin, it is important to realise that a relatively high rate of mortality in patients with co-existing diabetes has been reported in COVID-19 [20] . Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is elevated in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery stenosis and reduced under metformin treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347631-78h9w2ty author = Yun, Debo title = Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1754 sentences = 100 flesch = 50 summary = title: Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report Knowledge of lung ultrasound characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia might be useful for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients, and lung ultrasound can help to control the spread of infection in healthcare settings. When the patient recovered from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, lung ultrasound images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating. Performing lung ultrasound at the bedside minimizes the need to move the patient, thus reducing the risk of spreading infection among healthcare staff. When the patient recovered from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, LUS images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating (Figure 1(i) and (j) ). Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347675-kgx920dn author = Audrey, Fresse title = Spontaneous reported cardiotoxicity induced by lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19. An alleged past-resolved problem date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3980 sentences = 239 flesch = 47 summary = If the risk of Atrio-Ventricular (AV) block is mentioned in the LPV/r Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), information concerning QTc prolongation resulted in rather vague mentions on respective European and North-American initial SmPCs. Although there is no approved drug to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection yet, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a wide empirical and off-label use of LPV/r by clinicians despite the lack of any strong evidence or convincing scientific rationale. As the Nice RCPV has drug-induced Long QT syndrome and cardiac safety of drugs within its scope of expertise, in March 2020, the National drug Agency (ANSM) appointed us to investigate all cases of cardiotoxicity associated with the empirical use of LPV/r against COVID-19 that had spontaneously been reported by any of the 31 RCPVs. After a first expertise by the RCPV of origin, all cases of cardiotoxicity were consecutively included in this study. cache = ./cache/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347775-hidb8q1u author = Karatza, Eleni title = Optimization of hydroxychloroquine dosing scheme based on COVID-19 patients’ characteristics: a review of the literature and simulations date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5968 sentences = 300 flesch = 54 summary = Model-based simulations of HCQ concentrations revealed that high initial doses followed by low and sparse doses may offer significant benefits to patients by decreasing the viral load without reaching levels considered to produce adverse effects. 4. Based on the results from simulations performed and the currently published knowledge regarding HCQ in COVID-19 treatment, this study provides evidence that a high loading dose followed by sparse doses could offer significant benefits to the patients. Dosing schemes were designed in order to achieve a fast onset of "high" concentrations during the initial phase of the disease, since an initial higher viral load is anticipated, especially for patients with severe COVID-19, and then keep HCQ blood levels below 2250 ng/ml and over 500 ng/ml, at all times. cache = ./cache/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347780-jrbiww9j author = FAYSSOIL, Abdallah title = The Right Ventricle in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 327 sentences = 27 flesch = 47 summary = authors: FAYSSOIL, Abdallah; MUSTAFIC, Hazrije; MANSENCAL, Nicolas title: The Right Ventricle in COVID-19 Patients In addition, COVID-19 patients disclose a hyper coagulate state avec a significant incidence of pulmonary thrombotic complications, aggravated the RV afterload is associated with excess mortality in ARDS (4). Finally, the RV function, measured by the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), the right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) and the right ventricular longitudinal strain, is a significant predictive factor of mortality in COVID-19 infected patients (6) . In this context, in addition with the left ventricular function analysis, it is of importance to check and assess the right ventricle in COVD-19 infected patients, particularly in critical situation. Diagnostic workup, etiologies and management of acute right ventricle failure : A state-of-the-art paper Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347752-2ejnva4u author = Mrabti, Hind title = Cancer management challenge in a developing country in COVID-19 pandemic: reflection of a group of Moroccan oncologists date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4580 sentences = 219 flesch = 44 summary = Management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide challenge – in particular in developing countries where the risk of saturation of health facilities and intensive care beds must be minimized. The first case of COVID-19 was declared in Morocco on 2 March 2020, after which a panel of Moroccan experts, consisting of medical oncologists from universities and regional and private oncology centers, was promptly assembled to conduct a group reflection on cancer patient's management. In this situation, telemedicine without patient's visit can be used mainly for patients living far from the cancer center, labs controls are also done and sent to the oncologist; • Continue endocrine therapy and oral molecular-targeted therapies, while avoiding patients coming to the hospital; a telemedecine consultation is preferred; • For palliative anticancer treatments: act according to age, the patient's general condition, co-morbidities, type of treatment (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy), line of treatment, stage and prognosis: cache = ./cache/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347549-9pijmlpz author = Wang, Quan Qiu title = COVID-19 risk and outcomes in patients with substance use disorders: analyses from electronic health records in the United States date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4299 sentences = 195 flesch = 50 summary = Patients with a recent diagnosis of SUD (within past year) were at significantly increased risk for COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio or AOR = 8.699 [8.411–8.997], P < 10(−30)), an effect that was strongest for individuals with OUD (AOR = 10.244 [9.107–11.524], P < 10(−30)), followed by individuals with tobacco use disorder (TUD) (AOR = 8.222 ([7.925–8.530], P < 10(−30)). Among patients with recent diagnosis of OUD, African Americans had significantly higher risk of COVID-19 than Caucasians (4.162 [3.13-5 .533], after adjusting for age, gender, and insurance types (Fig. 2) . We showed that African Americans with recent diagnosis of SUDs had higher prevalence of asthma, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and HIV compared to Caucasians, while prevalence of COPD, chronic liver disease, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer was similar or lower (data not shown). Based on EHR patient data in the US we show that individuals with SUD, particularly recent OUD, were at increased risk for COVID-19 and these effects were exacerbated in African Americans compared to Caucasians. cache = ./cache/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347835-6zx9g2io author = Ashraf, Said title = Acute coronary syndrome in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1816 sentences = 106 flesch = 51 summary = Even as supportive data lags, a noticeable trend has emerged with a sudden decrease in ACS (particularly STEMI) presentations to hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. published a multicentre observational survey from Italy examining consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the week of 12-19 March 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, compared with the same time period in 2019. There was a significant difference in the time from symptom onset to first medical contact; 318 min during the pandemic period compared with 82.5 and 91.5 min in the previous year's cohorts. In another study from Spain, a telematic survey of 81 centres involved within a STEMI network equipped with cardiac catheterization labs showed a dramatic decline in procedural volumes during a 10-day period during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347816-e2xkzps9 author = Wesemann, U. title = Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1163 sentences = 70 flesch = 58 summary = title: Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients To the Editor: A recently published study found a 96.2% prevalence rate for significant posttraumatic stress symptoms in quarantined patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (Bo et al., 2020) . Thereby, the rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in COVID-19 affected patients appear higher when compared to PTSD rates in the general population or in emergency service staff after terrorist attacks (11% to 25%; Berninger et al. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 'general stress' and severe posttraumatic stress in patients who were hospitalized with the initial suspect of a COVID-19 infection. The second goal was to compare patients with and without definitive confirmation of a COVID-19 diagnosis for general stress and posttraumatic stress. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China cache = ./cache/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347789-ou4unny6 author = Croll, Leah title = The psychosocial implications of COVID-19 for a neurology program in a pandemic epicenter date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3480 sentences = 179 flesch = 47 summary = Objective We discuss the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic as self-reported by housestaff and faculty in the NYU Langone Health Department of Neurology, and summarize how our program is responding to these ongoing challenges. Objective We discuss the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic as self-reported by housestaff and faculty in the NYU Langone Health Department of Neurology, and summarize how our program is responding to these ongoing challenges. Results Among 130 total survey respondents (91/191 faculty [48%] and 37/62 housestaff [60%]), substantial proportions of both groups self-reported having increased fear (79%), anxiety (83%) and depression (38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Among 130 total survey respondents (91/191 faculty [48%] and 37/62 housestaff [60%]), substantial proportions of both groups self-reported having increased fear (79%), anxiety (83%) and depression (38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347870-lnwjr9be author = Tsui, Edmund title = Using Social Media to Disseminate Ophthalmic Information During the #COVID19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1050 sentences = 77 flesch = 48 summary = title: Using Social Media to Disseminate Ophthalmic Information During the #COVID19 Pandemic 1 As cases of COVID-19 spread worldwide, so did sharing of experiences and 31 research via social media in efforts to mitigate the disease spread and to increase awareness. 10 The use of online preprint servers to disseminate COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 related research 143 has increased significantly. Preprints have been shared widely on social media and subject to comments by the public and 152 research community. As the pandemic continues to evolve, social media will be an important avenue for physicians to 166 share experiences, collaborate on research, and initiate discussion on a global scale. Further 167 study into how social media platforms can be integrated into pandemic preparedness and 168 response will be critical. A social media 205 snapshot of gastroenterologists' views during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347813-9vfwl7c0 author = Jackson, M. L. title = Low-Impact Social Distancing Interventions to Mitigate Local Epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3783 sentences = 224 flesch = 47 summary = Interventions considered were (a) encouraging telecommuting; (b) reducing contacts to seniors and nursing home residents; (c) modest reductions to contacts outside of the home; (d) encouraging self-isolation of persons with COVID-19 symptoms; (e) rapid testing and household quarantining. This report presents findings from an agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission that can help guide decisions about mitigating the impact of COVID-19 during this re-opening. 6 The per-contact probability of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 in homes and in non-home settings was estimated by fitting simulated daily COVID-19 hospitalizations to hospitalizations in King County from 28 February -27 May 2020, in the presence of social distancing interventions as actually implemented in King County. Rather than estimating the impact of generic reductions in Reff, this report uses an agent-based model to estimate the impact of specific policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 hospitalizations. 15 used also agent-based models to explore the impact of combinations of social distancing measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. cache = ./cache/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347874-cmgd5rqt author = de Miguel Beriain, Iñigo title = Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1961 sentences = 111 flesch = 57 summary = title: Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al We argue that if a person has been tested positive for and recovered from COVID-19, becoming immune to it, she cannot be considered a hazard to public health and, therefore, the curtailment of her fundamental rights (eg, the right to freedom of movement) is not legitimate. If a person does not pose a threat to public health because she cannot spread the infection, then her right to freedom of movement should be respected, regardless of how she acquired that immunity. It is necessary to emphasise that the Convention does not even allow in principle to limit the freedom of movement to avoid a risk of collapse for the health system-one of the reasons given to justify the lockdowns, as Brown et al pointed out. cache = ./cache/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347818-93ixqyfp author = Hojyo, Shintaro title = How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4508 sentences = 214 flesch = 39 summary = Thus, IL-6 serves as a possible mechanism of treatment for severe COVID-19 patients, raising the possibility that one therapeutic option for the disease may be targeting excessive inflammation caused by IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling with monoclonal antibody therapy or treatment with chemical modulators to block the signaling cascade while maintaining a sufficient antiviral primary immune response. IL-6-STAT3 signaling as a potential cause of the ARDS via cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients IL-6 amplifier, machinery for excessive inflammation SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the endocytosis of ACE2 together with SARS-CoV in target cells including epithelial cells and endothelial cells, resulting in an increase of serum angiotensin II (Ang II) levels due to the reduction of ACE2 surface expression (Fig. 1) [17, 48] . cache = ./cache/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347884-zpzncgiv author = Galimberti, Andrea title = Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5473 sentences = 234 flesch = 39 summary = Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. cache = ./cache/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347895-z9a54f6g author = Gaibazzi, N. title = Lung disease severity, Coronary Artery Calcium, Coronary inflammation and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019. date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4054 sentences = 199 flesch = 45 summary = OBJECTIVE To determine the association of the extent of lung disease or coronary artery chest computed tomography (HRCT) variables, the Agatston coronary calcium score (CCS) and peri-coronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT), representing CAD and coronary inflammation, with mortality in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increased age, D-dimer, C-reactive protein and the HRCT image features of extent of lung disease and coronary inflammation by PCAT (but not the CCS) were independently associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While the current study confirms prior data that increased age, D-dimer and C-reactive protein are associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, we also report that the simple extent of lung disease and the novel PCAT parameter of coronary artery inflammation in HRCT scans are also independently associated with mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347834-skj40pmi author = Ruggiero, Antonio title = Diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 656 sentences = 43 flesch = 55 summary = The conclusion was that COVID‐19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. The conclusion was that COVID-19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. All rights reserved To date, none of these theories fully explain the low incidence of COVID-19 infection in children. Upper respiratory tract nasopharyngeal swabs are widely used as nucleic acid detection samples to diagnose COVID-19 infection. Recently, it has been reported that the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test carried out in saliva samples in adults with confirmed COVID-19 infection is higher than in nasopharyngeal swabs and feces (38.13% and 9.83%, respectively). Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults cache = ./cache/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347906-3ehsg8oi author = Zhang, Zizhen title = Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1774 sentences = 176 flesch = 58 summary = title: Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation Thirdly, we examine the threshold of the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model, when noise is small or large. The same set of parameter values and initial conditions for deterministic models will lead to an ensemble of different outputs. They obtained the condition of the disease extinction and persistence according to noise and threshold of the deterministic system. Similarly, several authors discussed the same conditions for stochastic models; see [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . To study the effects of the environment on spreading of COVID-19 and make the research more realistic, first we formulate a stochastic mathematical COVID-19 model. In this section, a COVID-19 mathematical model with random perturbation is formulated as follows: The extinction and persistence of the stochastic SIS epidemic model with vaccination A stochastic differential equation SIS epidemic model cache = ./cache/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347960-vl5zhxyh author = Giallonardo, Vincenzo title = The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6319 sentences = 282 flesch = 43 summary = The present study has been developed with the aims to: a) evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. The survey includes the following self-reported questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire -12 items (GHQ-12) (31); the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale -21 Items (DASS-21) (32); the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory -Revised (OCI-R) (33); the Insomnia Severity Index (34) ; the Severity-of-Acute-Stress-Symptoms-Adult (35); the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (36); the Impact of Event Scale -6 items (37); the UCLA loneliness scale -short version (38) ; the Brief COPE (39); the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory short form (40) ; the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scaleshort form (41) ; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social support (42); the Pattern of Care Schedule (PCS)-modified version (43); the Maslach Burnout Inventory (only for health professionals) (44) . cache = ./cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347968-jhnr8k3j author = Herrera, David title = Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3388 sentences = 140 flesch = 36 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Antiseptic mouth rinses, such as those containing cetylpyridinium chloride or povidone-iodine, may be able to decrease the severity of COVID-19 by reducing oral viral load in infected subjects and decreasing the risk of transmission by limiting viral load in droplets, generated in normal life, or in aerosols, produced during dental procedures. The information presented in this narrative review supports the use of antiseptic mouth rinses, both as a single preprocedural use and as daily use during a limited period of time, to impact the transmission and/or pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, since they have shown to reduce the oral viral load and, therefore, they may reduce the severity of the disease in an infected subject and may reduce the risk of transmission, by reducing the viral load in aerosols, expelled during dental procedures, or in droplets generated when breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347898-appzi43a author = Hu, Zeming title = The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1720 sentences = 88 flesch = 43 summary = As an increasing number of studies about the transmission routes of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been conducted, healthcare workers who come into direct contact with confirmed or suspected patients are at high risk of infection despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Therefore, effective strategies to subvert mental breakdown among medical providers are needed as part of the public health response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the social support systems provided by organizations, building proper self-awareness, peer support, and team support will equip medical workers with the capacity to cope with mental health stress during the current pandemic. Second, social support, including online services and guidelines provided by organizations, should be utilized to timely, effectively, and efficiently mitigate the psychological impacts among health workers. Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347955-bud745if author = Jenelius, Erik title = Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts date = 2020-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5031 sentences = 298 flesch = 63 summary = The paper analyses the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in the three most populated regions of Sweden (Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne) during spring 2020. The aim of this paper is to address the identified research gap by analysing the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in the three most populated regions of Sweden (Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne) during spring 2020. Every registered tap-in generates a record containing several attributes that are used in this study, in particular the transport mode (metro, commuter train, tram/LRT or bus) and ticket product (various period cards, single ticket, travel funds, full or discounted rate, etc.). This paper has examined the effects of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in the three largest regions of Sweden based on ticket validation, ticket sales and passenger counting data. cache = ./cache/cord-347955-bud745if.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347955-bud745if.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347926-63w578b2 author = Ruan, Pei-sen title = COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Study date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1204 sentences = 72 flesch = 51 summary = We recorded patients' epidemiological, clinical features, and follow-up data after discharging in order to improve the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Since December 2019, multiple patients of pneumonia infected with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) had been detected in Wuhan city, China [1] . So, analysis of the clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, and follow-up results after discharge of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in this area was aimed at improving the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Diagnosis and discharge standards were performed according to the content of the "Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 7) (In Chinese) [3] ." We observed and recorded the patient's epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiography, treatment methods, and transfer return. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347982-omxcdiwt author = Basso, Fernanda Gisele title = Cooperative efforts on developing vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 Cooperative efforts for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3433 sentences = 168 flesch = 36 summary = The present research analyzes how the cooperation networks were set off considering the clinical trials on therapies and vaccines that were developed specifically to treat or prevent COVID-19. For the construction of cooperation networks, it was assumed that organizations signed agreements and/or treaties to develop specific studies, establishing joint ownership of the results and the new drug or vaccine, with the purpose of forming an alliance for innovation [20] . Regarding the distribution of the types of organizations that cooperate by category (Fig 3) , a greater diversity of partnerships was observed in antibodies, followed by vaccines and proteins, because these categories address complex therapies and require complementarity among several disciplines (e.g., adjuvants in Because clinical adoption and commercial success are due to the incorporation degree of existing practices in innovation processes [23] , the diffusion of disruptive technologies in this field may encounter greater challenges. cache = ./cache/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author = Ruhnke, Gregory W. title = Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1275 sentences = 66 flesch = 41 summary = 7 As a result, hazard pay offered to medical students willing to risk exposure to COVID-19 now may reduce their debt burden and potentiate the creation of more primary care physicians, a dearth of whom has been a significant health policy concern. However, there are several ways in which hazard pay might be financed based on local considerations and institutional structures: (a) small compulsory contributions from physicians (perhaps exempting those required to take unpaid furloughs) at a given institution not caring for COVID-19 patients by choice or due to risk factors for bad outcomes if infected; (b) public funding, such as the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2020; and (c) private foundations offering funding for COVID-19 response efforts. Hazard pay could of course be considered for all physicians risking their health to care for infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347890-kx5vka0o author = Fan, Qian title = Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Wuhan date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3775 sentences = 201 flesch = 53 summary = Hence, we performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 in Wuhan and further classified the populations according to gender. As shown in Table 2 , we performed a combined association analysis between ABO blood group and COVID-19, which showed a statistically significant difference in COVID-19 infection among those with blood type A (P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.73) but not blood types B, AB or O (P = 0.48, OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66-1.23; P=0.61, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53-1.46; and P = 0.23, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58-1.15, respectively). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the ABO blood group to COVID-19 susceptibility in Wuhan by employing a case-control association analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348022-nt5omngy author = Pavlidis, Pollyanna title = Clinical guidelines for caring for women with COVID-19 during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5039 sentences = 286 flesch = 48 summary = The aim of this project was to develop a database of Australian and international recommendations relating to antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care of women during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to identify inconsistencies in clinical guidance. Methods : We conducted weekly web searches from 30th March to 15th May 2020 to identify recommendations pertaining to the care of women during pregnancy, labour and postpartum period from national or international professional societies, specialist colleges, Ministries of Health, Australian state and territory governments, and international guideline development organisations. We aimed to develop a database of national and international guidelines related to the antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care of women during the COVID -19 pandemic and identify those interventions where there was high and low consensus across recommendations. We aimed to identify and include any guidance that provided clinical recommendations or normative statements related to the clinical care of women during pregnancy, labour, childbirth or the postpartum period in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348024-n8wn4och author = Lei, Fang title = Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID‐19 in China date = 2020-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3196 sentences = 199 flesch = 44 summary = To reveal the hepatic injury related to this disease and its clinical significance, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 5,771 adult patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Hubei Province. The ordinal regression analysis revealed the effects of age, sex, and coexisting disease-adjusted baseline characteristics and hospital medication on peak ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL levels in COVID-19 patients from the longitudinal cohort (Tables 3) . Use of antifungal drugs, lymphocyte count decrease, chronic liver disease, systemic corticosteroids use, and male gender were the leading factors positively associated with elevated AST levels. Neutrophil count increase, lymphocyte count decrease, and male gender were common factors positively associated with elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL levels during hospitalization (Table 3) . The major finding is that elevation of AST level was more frequent and significant than the increase of ALT in severe patients on hospital admission, and AST levels had the highest correlation with mortality compared to other indicators reflecting liver injury. cache = ./cache/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347969-2sdwwuu5 author = Grunau, Brian title = Bystanders are less willing to resuscitate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2980 sentences = 163 flesch = 51 summary = We used 100-point scales to inquire about participants' willingness to perform interventions on "strangers or unfamiliar persons" and "family members or familiar persons", and compared mean willingness during time periods prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic using paired t-tests. Compared to prior to the pandemic, there were significant decreases in willingness to check for breathing or a pulse (mean difference -10.7% [95% CI -11.8, -9.6] for stranger/unfamiliar persons, -1.2% [95% CI -1.6, -0.8] for family/familiar persons), perform chest compressions (-14.3% [95% CI -15.6, -13.0], -1.6% [95% CI -2.1, -1.1]), provide rescue breaths (-19.5% [95% CI -20.9, -18.1], -5.5% [95% CI -6.4, -4.6]), and apply an automated external defibrillator (-4.8% [95% CI -5.7, -4.0], -0.9% [95% CI -1.3, -0.5]) during the COVID-19 pandemic. When comparing HCWs and non-HCWs most results were similar, demonstrating decreased willingness to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths on familiar and unfamiliar cardiac arrest victims alike. cache = ./cache/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347900-nzd15vab author = Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title = Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 387 sentences = 33 flesch = 52 summary = title: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! Smartphone technology applications can be expanded to play a key role in assessment, monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients as it is being undertaken for COVID-19 disease in the current pandemic [4] . COVID-19 and applications of smartphone technology in the current pandemic COVID-19 in Tuberculosis patients: a report of three cases COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Tuberculosis diagnosis, surveillance and management 2. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Tuberculosis diagnosis, surveillance and management 2. COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India Telemedicine has definite role in monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients and COVID-19 disease in the current senario Telemedicine has definite role in monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients and COVID-19 disease in the current senario cache = ./cache/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348039-kl1a0au3 author = Majowicz, S. E. title = What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 119 flesch = 41 summary = This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. The PHAC report was underpinned by two planning methodologies: scenario planning [4] , which aims to describe the range of plausible futures so that decisions and plans can be robust in the face of uncertainty; and a modified Political, Economic, Social, Technological (PEST) analysis [5] , a framework for identifying macro-level factors in the wider environment that can impact organisations' abilities to function. This paper applies a similar approach, in order to: (a) outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19, and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare; and (b) list factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348155-otcg3lgh author = Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M. title = Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1492 sentences = 89 flesch = 42 summary = In this series of consecutive patients admitted to a busy quarternary referral center with a high burden of Covid-19, the major findings were of right ventricular (RV) dilatation associated with impaired radial but preserved longitudinal RV systolic function. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to characterize the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings in consecutive patients admitted with proven Covid-19 pneumonia. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, RV dilatation and dysfunction is common and its presence is associated with a pro-thrombotic, inflammatory state reflected in elevated Ddimer and CRP levels. In conclusion, RV dilatation and dysfunction is common in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and elevated HS Tn. In contrast, the LV is seldom impaired and more often hyperdynamic. cache = ./cache/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348212-c2iibuqa author = Cavallo, Federica title = Novel coronavirus infection and children date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2195 sentences = 145 flesch = 51 summary = RESULTS: Usually, infants and children present milder symptoms of the disease with a better outcome than adults. Collecting the samples of these patients, scientists have discovered a new coronavirus that is now known as the cause of the disease named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). The most common symptoms in adults are fever, dry cough, sore-throat, myalgia, fatigue and in severe cases (usually older patients with comorbidities) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with lung failure or severe coagulation dysregulation as a result of an uncontrolled inflammation (5) . At variance, in Spain around 60% of children affected by COVID-19 have been hospitalized for mild symptoms and 9.7% of these patients have requested intensive care because of the comparison of respiratory complications. On the basis of the Chinese experience, the severity of COVID-19 disease in children is defined by clinical features, laboratory testing and chest radiograph into 5 groups (22) ( Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348053-s0ijzyaq author = Mueller, Alisa A. title = Inflammatory biomarker trends predict respiratory decline in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3732 sentences = 185 flesch = 47 summary = In this single-center retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we investigate whether inflammatory biomarker levels predict respiratory decline in patients who initially present with stable disease. We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarker profiles would stratify patients into three cohorts: (1) stable and non-intubated throughout their hospital admission ("mild"); (2) initially stable and nonintubated but then had respiratory deterioration requiring intubation or high-flow nasal cannula later in their hospital course ("progressive"); and (3) patients who were unstable and required intubation within 12 hours of admission ("severe"). We classified COVID-19 inpatients into three cohorts according to the stability and severity of their respiratory failure: 1) "Mild" (remained on room air or supplemental oxygen); 2) "Progressive" (initially on room air or supplemental oxygen then later required intubation or high-flow nasal cannula); or 3) "Severe" (required intubation within 12 hours of admission) ( Figure S1 and Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347984-iqsbrw88 author = Shi, Feng title = Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6946 sentences = 411 flesch = 50 summary = In the pre-scan preparation stage, each subject is instructed and assisted by a technician to pose on the Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 patient bed according to a given protocol. Recent AI-empowered applications in COVID-19 mainly include the dedicated imaging platform, the lung and infection region segmentation, the clinical assessment and diagnosis, as well as the pioneering basic and clinical research. [57] propose a two-stage pipeline for screening COVID-19 in CT images, in which the whole lung region is first detected by an efficient segmentation network based on UNet++. [58] propose a VB-Net for segmentation of lung, lung lobes and lung infection, which provide accurate quantification data for medical studies, including quantitative assessment of progression in the follow-up, comprehensive prediction of severity in the enrollment, and visualization of lesion distribution using percentage of infection (POI). [11] propose a deep convolutional neural network based model (COVID-Net) to detect COVID-19 cases using X-ray images. cache = ./cache/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348222-pd0zzcue author = Ansari Ramandi, Mohammad Mostafa title = Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1041 sentences = 68 flesch = 46 summary = However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. This scenario and the respiratory system involvement is common between Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. 5 There are also case reports presenting patients with a known cardiac problem who manifest with another irrelevant cardiac involvement for example patients with a history of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy or hypertension who have developed cardiogenic shock, in which the criteria of acute myocarditis have been fulfilled. Acute cardiac injury similar to those reported in COVID-19 has been described in SARS; however, the arterial or venous thrombotic events were more prevalent in these patients. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348121-c7jq240j author = Tagliabue, Fabio title = The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1513 sentences = 75 flesch = 46 summary = In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. Initial, and overly optimistic medical statements that judged the epidemic as a simple influenza lowered social attention on the COVID-19 pandemic and instilled in some people conspiracy or denial ideas supported by statements by some doctors and non-medical professionals who said, "it's just a flu." [3] The poor perception of the risks related to COVID-19 infection also manifested itself despite the exponential growth of infections and deaths. Misinformation and fake news contributed to the onset of PTSD and headline stress disorder cases [2] . The historical importance of the COVID-19 pandemic is such that, also in the future, COVID-19-related news will be published cyclically in the mass media and on social networks. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media cache = ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348172-q3zcn5pf author = Poli, Daniela title = Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1324 sentences = 76 flesch = 42 summary = The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization of Anticoagulation Clinics to prevent person-to-person viral diffusion and continue to offer the highest possible quality of assistance to patients. In this paper, based on the Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics statements, we offer some advice aimed at improving patient care during COVID-19 pandemic, with particular regard to the lockdown and reopening periods. Anticoagulation Clinics (ACs) routinely manage thousands of patients taking anticoagulants, either vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), or parenteral drugs. ACs are pivotal in anticoagulation management, providing site visits for patients, remote monitoring, and integration with local health facilities [2] .The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization also of ACs, to prevent person-to-person diffusion. In this phase, we recommend that all ACs actively follow up anticoagulated patients through laboratory and clinical controls. cache = ./cache/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347935-jfx9037u author = Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title = Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1983 sentences = 123 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary 80 academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide 81 due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Some Vascular Surgery 117 communities have tried to stratify patients into those requiring urgent care during this 118 pandemic situation, i.e >70mm abdominal aortic aneurysms or ruptured AAA, critical 119 limb ischemia (CLI) and symptomatic carotid disease 4 . We only provided 139 surgical care for urgent cases, and during the last two weeks, as the COVID-19 situation 140 improved and more in-hospital beds and resources are available, we started to provide 141 care to patients requiring a vascular access, limb ischemia with rest pain and one carotid 142 with severe stenosis with unstable plaque. cache = ./cache/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347916-9suvf3ln author = Kong, Man title = Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19 date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3303 sentences = 188 flesch = 51 summary = This study aims to assess the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 infection. A study indicated that large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in COVID-19, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) infection [6] . The current study aimed to investigate the association between different laboratory data (including lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory biomarkers) and clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with mild and severe COVID-19 infection to reveal a potentially useful prognostic factor associated with severe morbidity. Compared with the mild group, most patients in the severe group showed higher levels of infection-related indicators, such as procalcitonin (0.07 vs. In this study, the patients in the highest NLR tertile presented a 5.9-fold increased risk of incidence of severe COVID-19 after adjustments for potential confounders were applied. cache = ./cache/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348202-6we8e60b author = Drake, Daniel H. title = Echo in Pandemic: Front Line Perspective, Expanding Role of Ultrasound and Ethics of Resource Allocation date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4115 sentences = 308 flesch = 40 summary = During a declared health care crisis, providers must be familiar with the ethical principles, organizational structure, practical application, and gravity of limited resource allocation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality. Echocardiography has been most useful for 1) initial assessment of patients with respiratory complaints who are seen in the COVID-19 evaluation pathway but may have another etiology for their symptoms, 2) assessment of cardiac function in critical care patients, where SARS-CoV-2 associated cardiomyopathy is prevalent and 3) volume assessment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where sparing unnecessary fluids is mandatory. Ethical Considerations for Decision Making Regarding Allocation of Mechanical Ventilators During a Severe Influenza Pandemic or Other Public Health Emergency cache = ./cache/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348351-naktgl9o author = Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title = Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1158 sentences = 66 flesch = 52 summary = title: Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports It is of interest that suicidal deaths related to COVID-19 have already been reported in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry (Goyal et al., 2020; Mamun and Griffiths, 2020) . The dissemination of information related to suicide during the COVID-19 outbreak, particularly as it pertains to Asian countries, is of importance to healthcare providers and policy-makers, and is in keeping with the objectives set out by the Journal in its position statement (Tandon, 2020) . The data extracted from the reports included: (a) socio-demographic details, (b) any possible diagnosis of mental illness or substance use disorder, (c) triggering circumstances, (d) remote predisposing factors. Though the results presented here are subject to many limitations, particularly reporting biases (Armstrong et al., 2018) , they provide preliminary information on the factors related to suicide during the COVID-19 outbreak in India. cache = ./cache/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348298-rtm8dn43 author = O’Connor, Karen title = Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3797 sentences = 192 flesch = 48 summary = The third wave will arise from the longer-term impact on people with established health problems, for example, diabetes, eating disorder or schizophrenia not accessing routine care due to health service reconfiguration, service reduction or fears of infection. These features include the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, the relentless media coverage, the social distancing measures, the altered pathways to access care, the changes to the care that is available, the suspension of development plans in mental health services and the economic impact on all populations in society. Groups who will be particularly vulnerable to the emergence of new mental health difficulties requiring secondary care interventions This pandemic will be associated with an increase in people presenting for the very first time with significant mental health difficulties. Reluctance to attend for acute care due to fears of COVID-19 infection resulting in delays in effective treatment and increase in crisis presentations Reduced availability/altered access to mental health services cache = ./cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348297-k9fuegol author = Zhou, Feng title = Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019 date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1032 sentences = 62 flesch = 55 summary = In this comment, we report the unexpected beneficial effect of a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. I n December 2019, the type of pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, 1,2 spreading rapidly to other parts of Hubei province and China. Under these circumstances, the Chinese Government decided to build a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital for the treatment of mild COVID-19 patients. During the epidemic prevention, 16 shelter hospitals were built in Wuhan, providing 13 467 beds and treating more than 12 000 patients. On the afternoon of March 10, 2020, all patients in 16 shelter hospitals were discharged and all shelter hospitals were declared closed, representing a temporary victory of prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348388-nkosag8m author = Nirenberg, Michael S. title = Foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr virus: A case study date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1675 sentences = 113 flesch = 62 summary = The authors present a case study chronicling the progression of foot issues in a COVID-19 positive patient who also was positive for the Epstein-Barr virus. This case study provides a description of the progression of foot manifestations in a patient in Spain who tested positively for COVID-19 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and may have also contracted parvovirus B19 (B19). This case study is one of the first to document the progression of the foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19, EBV, and who also possibly had B19. In the case presented, both EBV and B19 are known to cause cutaneous manifestations, and as such, either one of these may have been the cause of the patient's foot issues, alone or in combination with COVID-19. This case highlights the progression of foot manifestations in a patient co-infected with COVID-19 and EBV, and possibly B19. Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study cache = ./cache/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348358-dg3sa9ho author = Yüce, Meltem Özden title = An analysis of YouTube videos as educational resources for dental practitioners to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3340 sentences = 179 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of dentistry-related medical information about COVID-19 on YouTube as educational resources for dental practitioners. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of YouTube videos as an informative tool for dental practitioners regarding additional preventive measures that need to be taken during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is important to inform the patients and dental practitioners about the novel coronavirus in an accurate and effective way and our study provides a detailed analysis of YouTube videos as a source of dentistry-related medical information about COVID-19. Therefore, the reliability of YouTube videos as a source of information about preventing the spread of COVID-19 for dental practitioners is very important. In the present study, we analysed the source and quality of dentistry-related scientifically based medical information given by professionals about COVID-19 on YouTube for dental practitioners as demonstrated above. cache = ./cache/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348056-kx9wvw8c author = Goh, H. P. title = Risk factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rate: A quantitative analysis of top 50 affected countries date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2455 sentences = 154 flesch = 63 summary = The following seven variables were included in the analysis, based on data availability and completeness: 1) proportion of people aged 65 above, 2) proportion of male in the population, 3) diabetes prevalence, 4) smoking prevalence, 5) current health expenditure, 6) number of hospital beds and 7) number of nurses and midwives. Conclusion: Older people above 65 years old and diabetic patients are significant risk factors for COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 The following seven variables were included in the analysis, based on data availability and 156 completeness: 1) proportion of people aged 65 above, 2) proportion of male in the population, 3) 157 diabetes prevalence, 4) smoking prevalence, 5) current health expenditure, 6) number of hospital 158 beds and 7) number of nurses and midwives. Studies have shown that age is a clear risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease and thus, resulting 222 in death. cache = ./cache/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348414-y6vh63xk author = Berger, W. R. title = Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1513 sentences = 81 flesch = 49 summary = title: Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, and a large part of regular cardiology care came to a quick halt. A Dutch nationwide survey showed that 41% of cardiology residents suspended their training and worked at COVID-19 cohort units for up to 3 months. Due to the very rapid and unprecedented increase of COVID-19 patients, the regular cardiology care came to a quick halt. Residents have shown flexibility in both the continuation of regular healthcare for the (acute) cardiac patient and dedicated care for COVID-19 patients. These future cardiologists, who conquered COVID-19 in the front-lines of healthcare with tremendous effort and flexibility, are well prepared for a great future in clinical care. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348249-zhfrgaxf author = Osborne, V. title = Systematic benefit-risk assessment for the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19: Establishing a framework for rapid decision-making date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3919 sentences = 226 flesch = 49 summary = Methods: The overall benefit-risk of the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments was assessed using the Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework. To date, whilst there have been many publications which have described the main effectiveness and safety concerns with these treatments, there has not been a systematic benefit-risk assessment on the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment using a structured descriptive framework. To examine the benefit-risk profile of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. The overall benefit-risk of the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments was assessed using the BRAT framework. Data were extracted for each benefit and risk, for hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and the comparator (standard of care, placebo or other treatments), where available. cache = ./cache/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348365-e90544er author = Alharthy, Abdulrahman title = Lung Injury in COVID-19—An Emerging Hypothesis date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1401 sentences = 102 flesch = 41 summary = We have recently shown that patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) had associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) 1 as outlined in Table 1 . 5, 6 However, in a recent series, patients with severe COVID-19 have demonstrated features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with hemorrhagic changes, 7 which has not been related to the severity of lung involvement, and it has been partially attributed to diffuse endothelial dysfunction related to the viral binding to the ACE-2 receptors. 8, 9 However, neurogenic pulmonary edema could indeed occur in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia although it should not be characterized as a form of ARDS, but rather as a noncardiogenic interstitial lung edema with peripheral lung zone distribution, which could be observed in viral pneumonitis and after brain injury. The versatility of clinical features such as cardiac dysfunction, thromboembolic disease, and neurological manifestations along with the lung injury, and other systemic sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an evolving clinical syndrome, which requires further studying and analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-348365-e90544er.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348365-e90544er.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348139-bx1rt5ko author = Dhamne, Chetan title = Comment on: The COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP‐E, SIOP‐PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 799 sentences = 45 flesch = 51 summary = 1, 2 The document highlights the six most curable cancers with practical advice for their management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and includes adaptations for low-to middle-income countries (LMICs). While we share the broad consensus outlined here, we faced several unique challenges at our hospital-a large tertiary cancer care center in Mumbai, now at the epicenter of the outbreak in India-compelling us to take several steps to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, which may be of benefit to others affected similarly in healthcare settings closer to ours. 3, 4 Within this larger response, we tailored management of pediatric cancers to meet the twin objectives of retaining hard-fought recent improvements in disease outcomes of largely curable malignancies, 5, 6 while balancing resource constraints from disruption of services, and evolving strategies for the inevitable cancer with COVID-19 patient surge. Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences cache = ./cache/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348406-tg0c51oi author = Atrah, Hasan I title = Alternative management of Covid-19 infection date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2360 sentences = 107 flesch = 41 summary = Three therapeutic agents with proven immune-modulatory properties in regular use in a wide range of inflammatory disorders (high dose intravenous immunoglobulin, Rituximab and thalidomide) are proposed for the treatment of cytokine storm. The rationale for the use of Rituximab in Covid-19 infection to prevent and/or treat the "cytokine storm" depends on the multifaceted mode of action of Rituximab in downregulating the immune responses by at least three major independent mechanisms (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis). 8 Based on these mechanisms Rituximab has been successfully used to treat a wide range of immune/autoimmune disorders and for this reason it is expected to be useful for the treatment of "cytokine storm" because it involves hyperactive immune reaction. 15, 16 Through these complicated reactions it is highly likely that thalidomide will effectively dampen down the "cytokine storm" which in addition to causing lung injury, may well be the trigger of the state of hypercoagulability observed in Covid-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348364-jb0lvhq5 author = Rehman, Tyler title = Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1320 sentences = 103 flesch = 45 summary = title: Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia Case Report: We present the case of an elderly patient with COVID-19 pneumonia that resulted in a prolonged hospital course because of pneumothorax complication. Her oxygen requirements increased to 15 L nonrebreather mask on day 5 of hospitalization, and repeat chest radiograph demonstrated enlargement of the pneumothorax. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in patients without known lung disease. Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with COVID-19 in nonintubated patients was not a commonly reported complication in June 2020. 1, 10 When considering other viral pneumonias as reported by Afessa, the superimposed bacterial infection could have potentially increased the patient's risk for pneumothorax. This case underlines the importance of considering repeat examinations such as chest radiographs or CT imaging for thorough evaluation of COVID-19-positive patients. Spontaneous pneumothorax following COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348221-w37lfv7e author = Zhou, Yongjie title = The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3481 sentences = 178 flesch = 49 summary = Our results indicate that during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, pregnant women have an advantage of facing mental problems caused by COVID-19, showing fewer depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than non-pregnant women. We conducted this mental health survey among pregnant and non-pregnant women in China during the COVID-19 outbreak to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, physical discomfort, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both groups, and to explore whether pregnant women have more serious mental symptoms than non-pregnant women. The mental health status of the participants was assessed by the Chinese version of various scales, including the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), insomnia severity index (ISI), somatization subscale of the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), and post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first investigation to assess and compare the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms including depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, insomnia, and PTSD between pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348051-o1hxoasp author = Upadhyaya, Gaurav K. title = Challenges and strategies in management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3389 sentences = 196 flesch = 46 summary = AIMS: We assess the challenges and strategies used in the management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures management has been hampered by lock down and infection transmission strategies used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in elderly individuals pose a real challenge for an appropriate diagnosis and management, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hip and spine fractures in the elderly are associated with increased mortality, reduction in quality of life, and functional limitations along with substantial economic burden to the health sector which further compromises the COVID -19 related treatment [5] .Therapeutic interventions that mitigate fragility fracture in era of COVID-19 are, therefore, essential for reducing the consequences in the future. As recommended by the BGS guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach still remains the key in management of these fragility hip fracture patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [18] . cache = ./cache/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348422-werg9ofa author = Shamsah, Mohammed A title = Right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1883 sentences = 116 flesch = 43 summary = 3 However, the case reported here represents an example of the need for therapeutic anticoagulant therapy in a specific group of severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. We started the patient on high-dose norepinephrine, dobutamine, and vasopressin infusions, but his systolic pressure barely reached 90 mmHg. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was performed because of refractory shock, and catheter-directed thrombolysis with a 24-h infusion of alteplase was administered, followed by an infusion of unfractionated heparin. Some emerging case reports suggest that critically ill patients with COVID-19 develop complications from hypercoagulability, 5 including both pulmonary emboli 6 and microscopic thrombi. Thus, the hypercoagulable state in patients with COVID-19 is similar to that found in compensated DIC and might explain the absence of VA-ECMO was a lifesaving rescue therapy for our patient because of the high-risk, acute, massive pulmonary embolism. We believe that this is the first reported case of COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism that was managed successfully with VA-ECMO and thrombolysis. cache = ./cache/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348430-8xk4dt7t author = Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi title = COVID‐19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED‐ZONE declaration date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1953 sentences = 118 flesch = 38 summary = To the best of our knowledge, there is a dearth of data concerning the COVID-19 perceptions of dermatological patients under biologics, a therapy traditionally associated to an increased risk of infections. • in psoriatic patients: Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 14 ≥10 and or Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis" (DAPSA) 15 Remarkably, in these departments patients undergoing a biological therapy were affecting only by psoriasis (PsO), or atopic dermatitis (AD) or hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics expose them to a moderate to severe risk to contract SARS-CoV2, 18.4% and 21.4% of the whole patients declared that they have assessed the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. 29 In literature, both psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa displayed an higher risk of respiratory comorbidities; in accord with this evidence 30% of the interviewed patients thought that their dermatological disease could increase the SARS-CoV2 infection risk. cache = ./cache/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348350-pac9ha4q author = Martin-Blondel, G title = Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1824 sentences = 136 flesch = 59 summary = Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage COVID-19 patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population.Blood samples (n=101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles.Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations. Because of the severity of COVID-19 and the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in SLE patients [5] , a loading dose was rapidly included in the new hospital regimens to optimize drug distribution in tissues and more precisely in the lungs. For each regimen applied at the Toulouse University Hospital, an example of the expected kinetic profiles for a body weight of 80 kg (the median weight in our population) are presented in Figure 1 with the corresponding serum concentration for each patient. cache = ./cache/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348459-v3e1zqpa author = Sung, J. title = Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Room date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2556 sentences = 153 flesch = 51 summary = A risk prediction score for COVID-19 can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision to triage, test, and quarantine patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room. At present, no validated risk score or stratification system is readily available to aid the clinical decisionmaking process of hospital-based staff in determining when testing for COVID-19 is appropriate [3] . In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of patients presenting to an emergency department in an acute care hospital in the Metropolitan Washington D.C. area who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted. Patients were included in the study if they presented to the emergency room and were admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (cases) or tested negative for COVID-19 within 24 hours of hospital admission (controls). The risk score system achieved AUROC of 0.83 in validation, and can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision in the triage, quarantine, and testing of patients admitted to the hospital with suspicion of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author = Ueyama, Hiroki title = Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2448 sentences = 154 flesch = 47 summary = STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The following search terms were applied to include all relevant studies documenting gender information on COVID-19 infection and its association with outcomes: "coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV or sars cov 2 or COVID-19 or COVID; sex or gender or male or female or clinical characteristic or clinical features of clinical course or risk factor. Studies were included in our meta-analysis when it was: 1) published in peer-reviewed journals and 2) study that recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in COVID-19 infection. The salient findings of this meta-analysis are that males were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 infections compared with females, while there was no significant difference in mortality between gender. cache = ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348436-mwitcseq author = Bu, F. title = Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4855 sentences = 221 flesch = 46 summary = After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. For instance, studies on leisure-time use show that taking up a hobby can have beneficial effects on alleviating depressive symptoms 10 , engaging in physical activity can reduce levels of depression and anxiety and enhance quality of life [11] [12] [13] [14] , and broader leisure activities such as reading, listening to music, and volunteering can reduce depression and anxiety, increase personal empowerment and optimism, foster social connectedness, and improve life satisfaction [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . Whilst the relationship between time use and behaviors is bidirectional, when exploring the direction of the relationship using lagged models, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while time spent watching the news about COVID-19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. cache = ./cache/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348435-z1c16thl author = Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra title = City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6210 sentences = 313 flesch = 51 summary = Firstly, the pandemic provides a strong ability to discuss the impact of city tourism due to short-term air travel and options to enhance more climate-friendly options on the other hand. Considering the typically short length of stay compared to other forms of travel, and assuming repeated trips to urban destinations within a single year, the intra-European travel activities of city breakers also have a negative impact on climate change if they are conducted by air plane (in particular without compensation) or car. Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. cache = ./cache/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348246-prwg2wvm author = Gabriel, Andrade title = The role of psychiatrists in addressing COVID-19 conspiracy theories date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1201 sentences = 64 flesch = 46 summary = Research has established that people who are prone to accept conspiracy theories are predisposed to suffer from Paranoid Personality Disorder (Darwin et al, 2011) . People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder are frequently uninterested in meaningful social relationships, but they tend to compensate that by having a rich inner mental life; in this endeavor, they may fantasize with conspiracy theories, and ultimately come to believe them very strongly. People who accept already circulating conspiracy theories are not necessarily pathological, but people who come up with such theories in the first place, are more likely to suffer from mental disorders. Therefore, even if belief in conspiracy theories about COVID-19 is not necessarily pathological, one effective way of (at least partially) eradicating such beliefs is by contributing to a more robust public mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348269-6z0kiapa author = Nguyen, Quynh C. title = Using 164 Million Google Street View Images to Derive Built Environment Predictors of COVID-19 Cases date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5833 sentences = 304 flesch = 47 summary = We leveraged Google Street View (GSV) images and computer vision to detect built environment features (presence of a crosswalk, non-single family home, single-lane roads, dilapidated building and visible wires). In examining associations between built environment characteristics and COVID cases, we controlled for demographic compositional characteristics of areas and population density, which has previously been utilized in econometric studies as a proxy for air pollution and other factors found with greater prevalence in urban areas [15, 16] . Additionally, previous studies found that physical disorder in the neighborhood environments is significantly associated with higher prevalence of chronic diseases [19] and poor self-rated health [20] , which also increases the chances of contracting COVID-19 [21, 22] . From GSV images, we created indicators of urban development (non-single family home, single lane roads), walkability (crosswalks, sidewalks), and physical disorder (dilapidated building, visible utility wires). cache = ./cache/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348501-8cvtqj7w author = Beyzaee, Amir Mohammad title = Rituximab as the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris in the COVID‐19 pandemic era: A narrative review date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2510 sentences = 145 flesch = 41 summary = As the immunosuppressive effect of rituximab, the first‐line therapy of PV, lasts more than 6 months, many concerns have raised due to the ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. We performed a computer-assisted search of "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" databases up to 14 July 2020 using the keywords "anti-CD20 therapy," "pemphigus vulgaris," and "COVID-19." We also searched other related keywords such as coronavirus, rituximab, immunocompromised, immunosuppressive drugs, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, treatment, and outcome. 17, 18 Athough some studies may have reported that risk of infections is not different between AIBD patients treated with rituximab or high dose corticosteroids, 16 Coronavirus can target the central nervous system (CNS), which is protected by humoral immunity. 31 Also, Guilpain et al reported three systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients treating with rituximab, which resulted to late clinical worsening to severe pneumonia due to the COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348566-48hovz3f author = Nichols, James H title = A Laboratory Risk Assessment during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1250 sentences = 68 flesch = 50 summary = In the face of COVID-19, we have generally recommended that 1) all staff wear gloves when handling any specimen to prevent skin exposure to sample tubes that may have surface contamination with virus or where staff may contact body fluids that sometimes leak from specimen containers, 2) staff wear face shields and uncap specimens behind plexiglass barriers to prevent splashing or contact with specimen droplets or aerosols generated by uncapping tubes, 3) centrifuge specimens from suspected or known COVID-19 cases in closed centrifuges and utilize caps on the carriers to prevent release of fluid if a specimen breaks during processing, 4) staff avoid pipetting, diluting and vortexing in the open laboratory, instead conducting these procedures behind plexiglass barriers or in a biosafety cabinet, and 5) all manufacturer covers should be in place during equipment operation and the analyzer tops should be kept closed until the analyzer is placed in pause or stop mode (reagents should only be refilled when the analyzer is in standby and staff are less likely to be exposed to aerosols). cache = ./cache/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348521-ai7d634u author = Atif, Muhammad title = COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2337 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = While in the developing nations, including Pakistan, pharmacists are unable to perform COVID-19 containment roles in community, since presence of pharmacists at community pharmacy settings and delivery of pharmacy services have historically been plagued by shortcomings at various levels. In Pakistan, community pharmacy services are highly warranted as the devastating COVID-19 pandemic is swiftly spreading and the country does not have the capacity to meet the international standards of care due to a number of public health and healthcare system related vulnerabilities. Whilst, in the current situation, when healthcare system is buckled under the burden of public health crisis and the country is attempting to adhere to the recommended preventive measures against COVID-19, full-blown community pharmacy services are urgently needed. There are a number of intertwined government, public, academia, curriculum, pharmacist and drug retailers related factors in Pakistan which are hindering the establishment of community pharmacy services regardless of COVID-19 driven high demand for such services. cache = ./cache/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348573-uyuazdhk author = Soraci, Paolo title = Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale date = 2020-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3929 sentences = 238 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia–Adult (SMSP-A). The statistical analyses carried out were as follows: (i) descriptive statistics of the FCV-19S items (i.e., means and standard deviations of the main items); (ii) construct and criterion validity of the Italian FCV-19S; (iii) the reliability of the scale, examined via composite reliability (CR) (e.g., CR values greater than 0.7 are associated with good test reliability; Fornell and Larcker 1981; Netemeyer et al. The total score of the FCV-19S was correlated with variables that have been formerly associated with fear of COVID-19 (i.e., anxiety and depression; Ahorsu et al. Concurrent validity was supported by the HADS (anxiety and depression levels among participants) and SMSP-A (phobia among participants) as indicated by the significant positive correlations for both scales (p < .001). cache = ./cache/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348464-1c08mb2k author = Winter, Taylor title = Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3455 sentences = 185 flesch = 54 summary = Consistent with the earlier validation studies, the FCV-19S displayed a moderately strong relationship with the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales of the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVDS). With respect to the motivating role of fear, there was a significant relationship between FCV-19S scores and adherence to the lockdown rules that were implemented in New Zealand. Finally, consistent with recent reports on the politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic, an exploratory question found that participants who rated themselves as more conservative tended to report lower FCV-19S scores. The current study demonstrates that the English version of the COVID-19S is a sound unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties that can be used with confidence Also shown is the association between FCV-19S and adherence to each rule among English-speaking populations. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale cache = ./cache/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348567-rvwxysvc author = Panfili, F. M. title = Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5375 sentences = 229 flesch = 36 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we suggest that vitamin D supplementation might play a role in the prevention and/or treatment to SARS-CoV-2 infection disease, by modulating the immune response to the virus both in the adult and pediatric population. Although the effect of normal to high levels of vitamin D on increasing CD4+ count is still unclear, a recent review proved that vitamin D plays an important role in reducing the immune activation of HIV-infected patients. In this autoimmune disease using calcitriol supplementation reduces serum levels of antibodies and slows the progression of β cell destruction down in the early stages of the disease [38] , Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) [39] the VDR could act as a negative regulator of TGF-β/ Hydroxyproline, col1a1, col3a1 and alfa-SMA mRNAs ↓ Prevention of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model [48] Smad signaling, thus making vitamin D a putative antifibrotic treatment in the early stages of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348537-rsdyiygo author = Pignatti, Marco title = How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northen Italy date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2272 sentences = 118 flesch = 51 summary = Finally we underline the importance of using telemedicine and web-based tools to transmit images of lesions that need the surgeon's evaluation, and can be used by the patient to keep in touch with a doctor during the distressing time of delay of the expected procedure. All the patients already booked on an outpatient clinic at the time the switch from elective to urgent activity was implemented were contacted, on a daily basis, to evaluate the urgency of their case and to decide whether to cancel, postpone or maintain their appointment. However the use of internet tools for monitoring reconstructive surgery patients has been largely described 22, 23, 24 .Instant sharing of images or video calls allow plastic surgeons to make an easy consultation, filtering only clinical cases that really need to be evaluated in person for an adequate treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348709-y1tws6p9 author = Yusoff, Muhamad Saiful Bahri title = Sustainable Medical Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surviving the New Normal date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1708 sentences = 84 flesch = 42 summary = However, the MCO that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for the higher education community in ensuring continuous provision of education to the students. It should be noted that if the duration for the MCO following the COVID-19 outbreak were to exceed two months, which is now the case, it was essential for medical schools to activate emergency risk management for the implementation of online teaching and learning during the outbreak. However, online teaching continues to be an adjunct teaching method for medical curricula, as face-to face teaching is still required for the development of certain learning outcomes such as the acquisition of clinical skills and development of values (i.e. professionalism) (12) . Being able to conduct fullblown online teaching and learning in medical schools during this pandemic is critical to ensure the continuity of educational delivery to medical students after the prohibition of movement and mass assemblies had been undertaken to break the chain of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348588-s85sseqo author = Gharakhanlou, Navid Mahdizadeh title = Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5536 sentences = 265 flesch = 57 summary = title: Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) The main aim of this study is to develop an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates the spatio-temporal outbreak of COVID-19. The main innovation of this research is investigating the impacts of various strategies of school and educational center closures, heeding social distancing, and office closures on controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Urmia city, Iran. Besides, the transmission of COVID-19 between human agents was simulated based on the SEIRD model, and finally, all control strategies applied in Urmia city along with corresponding actions of each control strategy were implemented in the ABM. It should be noted that in order to transmit the COVID-19 indoors, people should be kept 297 at a distance of fewer than 2 meters for at least 15 minutes (Centers for Disease Control and 298 Prevention (CDC) 2019; World Health Organization (WHO) 2020); therefore, in this ABM, the time 299 interval was considered 15 minutes and the dimension of the cells was taken into account 2 meters. cache = ./cache/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348619-rnjvdu12 author = Lai, Lucinda title = Digital triage: Novel strategies for population health management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic() date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3392 sentences = 153 flesch = 44 summary = Recognizing that the majority of COVID-19 cases are mild and do not require hospitalization, Partners HealthCare implemented an automated pre-hospital triage solution to direct patients to the appropriate care setting before they showed up at the emergency department, which would otherwise consume resources, expose other patients and staff to potential viral transmission, and further exacerbate supply-and demand mismatching. 4, 5 To address these concerns, our organization-Partners HealthCare (now Mass General Brigham) in Boston, Massachusetts-created a set of offerings for patients and the public including a COVID-19 telephone hot-line, robotic process automation chatbots, specialized respiratory illness clinics (RICs), drive-through testing sites, surge facilities for acute and postacute care, and Emergency Department (ED) and inpatient pathways tailored to the unique needs of COVID-19 patients as we grappled with treating this disease at the same time we were learning about it. cache = ./cache/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348458-dwj90mbq author = Narula, Nupoor title = Cardiology Practice and Training Post-COVID-19: Achieving “Normalcy” After Disruption date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1870 sentences = 120 flesch = 52 summary = 4 Theories abound on 34 whether the decrease in MI represents an actual reduction with at-risk individuals 35 abstaining from triggers or whether patients are avoiding the health care system 36 and infarcting at home. Hospital systems and private practices have suffered considerable 77 financial losses in prioritizing care for COVID-19 patients coupled with a 78 precipitous decline in elective procedures. The bipartisan CARES legislation has 79 allocated at least 50 billion dollars to support hospital systems and health care 80 providers 11 , and private physician offices and faculty practices are eligible to 81 apply for several loan-based programs, including the Paycheck Protection 82 While none of us have 163 absolute foresight, we must learn from the harsh lessons faced and plan for 164 medical changes, including the deluge of cardiac care patients that will fill our 165 clinics, flexibility of FIT education to support cardiovascular training, and 166 cache = ./cache/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348696-86nbwon2 author = Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title = Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4199 sentences = 216 flesch = 43 summary = title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review A multicenter study which documented potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in patients requiring intubation [7] reported that unprotected eye contact with secretions from infected patients was the most predictive variable for transmission to healthcare workers. A recent study evaluated the ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Of the 56 subjects investigated there was only one patient who gave a history of prior pterygium surgery, with conjunctivitis and a positive PCR result from the conjunctival swab highlighting the importance of an intact ocular surface in resisting virus invasion [25] . Despite ocular complications not being a common clinically detectable manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recent evidence suggests that ocular exposure may represent a major transmission route for the virus. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in tears and conjunctival secretions of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis cache = ./cache/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348535-tvs1snq8 author = Ottaviani, Silvia title = What is the best drug to treat COVID-19? The need for randomized controlled trials date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1410 sentences = 70 flesch = 48 summary = For example, we have observed 11 that use of baricitinib for 10 days is associated with viral rebound in nasopharyngeal swabs in rapidly recovered and discharged patients, and thus have recommended longer use in the large randomised studies in which it is included, and we suggest again that comparisons between different therapies or placebo are likely to yield more informative results than randomised studies comparing 10 days of intravenous remdesevir with 5 days (https://benevolent.ai/news/potential-treatment-for-covid-19-identified-by-benevolentai-usingartificial-intelligence-enters-clinical-testing And https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-begins-clinical-testingtherapies-covid-19). With this in mind, we thoroughly congratulate the authors from Guangzhou, China, who successfully randomised 86 individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a 2:2:1 design, to either lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol (a broad spectrum viral infusion inhibitor 12 ) or placebo (NCT04252885). In the continuing search for safe and effective new therapies to treat patients with COVID-19, we require well-conducted ethical studies including prospective, randomised, placebocontrolled clinical studies such as this. cache = ./cache/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348725-vksombro author = Teo, Leng Woon title = "Coping with COVID-19: perspectives of student radiographers" date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2035 sentences = 115 flesch = 53 summary = Publications about the impacts of COVID-19 on the modifications and precaution measures in clinical practice (as well as the concern/challenges about online teaching methods in radiography teaching) are widely available, yet writings on the radiography students' perspective are lacking. With the rising number of unlinked cases of COVID-19 in Singapore, the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level was raised to Orange on February 7, 2020. Later, to further reduce the spread of COVID-19 transmission, the Singapore Government introduced the Circuit Breaker on April 7. Studies have shown the efficacy of combining e-learning with lecture-based curriculums, with increases in student satisfaction and learning rates (11, 12) . With home-based learning, everyone was studying at a different pace. Therefore, the removal of practical lessons and shortening of clinical placements delivered a huge blow to our learning. Comparison of the effect of lecture and blended teaching methods on students' learning and satisfaction cache = ./cache/cord-348725-vksombro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348725-vksombro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348748-rxyh58eu author = Gorospe, Luis title = COVID-19: Thoracic Diagnostic Interventional Procedures in Troubled Times() date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1272 sentences = 64 flesch = 49 summary = Some publications have addressed the clinical management of cancer patients in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but there are no specific guidelines for performing thoracic diagnostic interventional procedures in patients with tumors who are also infected with SARS-CoV-2. Because of this situation, most of the hospital's clinical activity (like many other centers throughout the country) was focused on the treatment of Covid-19 patients, and large numbers of medical personnel (including pulmonologists, medical oncologists and radiation therapists, thoracic surgeons, pathologists, and radiologists) had been recruited from different departments of the center for the care and management of these patients. 15 Recent articles have reminded us how important it is for radiology departments to be prepared for COVID-19 (from the indication of chest X-rays or CT to the protection of their staff), 16 but there are no specific guidelines for performing diagnostic thoracic interventional procedures in patients with tumor lesions who are also infected with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348658-fz5nfdf9 author = Weiner, Joseph A. title = Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide? date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5268 sentences = 295 flesch = 49 summary = The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. The current study addresses the role of prior infectious disease outbreaks on the preparedness, response, and impact of COVID-19 on spine surgeons across the world. In total, 902 spine surgeons responded to the survey, representing 91 distinct countries and 7 global regions (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and South America/Latin America Respondents overall reported a moderate to high level of concern regarding the COVID-19 outbreak, with a mean score of 3.7 ± 1.2 on a scale of one to five. Multivariate regression analysis, controlling for statistically significant demographic differences (geographic region, population, fellowship training, and practice breakdown), revealed that prior epidemic exposure was independently associated with an increase in respondents reporting personal health as a source of stress (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.21-2.27; p = 0.0015), music as a coping strategy (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.21-2.30; p < 0.001, and still performing elective spine surgery (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.01-2.38; p = 0.0035). cache = ./cache/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348494-yx11ucrb author = Ali, Kamran title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1651 sentences = 83 flesch = 44 summary = Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. • Finally, dental professionals should not remain at the receiving end of cross infection control guidelines and should explore appropriate platforms to actively participate in research aimed at informing evidence-based protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19 in dental environments. cache = ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348755-2g5gi1du author = Chow, D. S. title = Development and External Validation of a Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Critical Disease date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2858 sentences = 171 flesch = 42 summary = The purpose of this study is to develop and externally validate a prognostic model/clinical tool for predicting COVID-19 critical disease at presentation to medical care. 21 This study describes the development and external validation of a multivariate regression model and associated clinical tool to predict risk of COVID-19 critical disease, presented utilizing All rights reserved. For the derivation cohort, a total of 3,208 COVID-19 tests were conducted over the study period, After feature selection, the following factors associated with greatest increased risk of critical disease were used in model training: age, gender, total number of comorbidities (which included cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity), BMI, respiratory All rights reserved. In this study, we developed and externally validated a predictive model and clinical tool that can be used to prognosticate the likelihood of COVID-19 critical disease based on data available early in a patient's presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348786-25o7tam4 author = Mella, Alberto title = Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1501 sentences = 88 flesch = 39 summary = We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID‐19 pneumonia who received TCZ: All were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5 ± 8.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465‐5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes, and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75 ± 2.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Ongoing immunosuppressive therapy was composed by TAC and TA B L E 2 Laboratory and pulmonary functional tests before and after TCZ adoption in our COVID-19-positive kidney transplant recipients To date, few reports included TCZ-treated kidney transplanted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia 12,19-23 ( other Authors, the virus caused a profound immunosuppression 5, 11 and, in this context, the result of combined inhibition of IL-6 receptor in predisposing to bacterial infections is not well understood. cache = ./cache/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348674-ifcfyecf author = Goh, Khean‐Lee title = COVID‐19 and the digestive system: More than just a “flu” date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 961 sentences = 65 flesch = 58 summary = In this June issue, JGH Open has published two Leading Articles on the COVID-19 infection: the first is the "Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party Guidelines on the IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic 1 and the second an excellent review article by Aguila et al. focusing on gastrointestinal and liver complications of COVID-19 infection and endoscopy practice." 2 Studies have shown that the virus enters cells of the body through ACE II receptors. In the meantime, IBD patients who are infected with COVID-19 are recommended, where possible, to stop corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents until clearance of the virus. Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party guidelines on IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for Covid-19 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348614-im7qtr9k author = Yánez Benítez, Carlos title = International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3971 sentences = 212 flesch = 42 summary = These COVID-19 dedicated protocols addressed surgical team organization, operating room (OR) preparation, rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE), considerations on anesthesiology, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical pathology. Continuity performing their regular tasks was reported by 73 (54%) of the respondents, in contrast with the rest, whose newly assigned duties were to the emergency department COVID-19 triage (25%), the intensive care unit (ICU) activities (13%), or had to manage mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical ward (7%). About half (51%) of the respondents had not received training in the use of PPE for airborne infectious risk while performing emergency surgical procedures before the pandemic, and roughly over one-third (37%) had it during the studied period. This study provides an international snapshot of the level of adoption of the guidance for surgical team organization, adequacy of PPE availability and usage, OR preparation, anesthesiologic considerations, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical cases during 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348773-ulnc9gdv author = Hammoud, H. title = Post mortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5075 sentences = 341 flesch = 54 summary = Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Medrxiv & Biorxiv) was carried out from December 2019 to August, 15th 2020, for journal articles of different study designs reporting postmortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases. Articles were included if they met the following eligibility criteria: (1) addressed pathological reports of COVID-19 autopsies or postmortem cases, (2) involved human subjects (at least one case), (3) all study designs were involved (case report, case series, cross-sectional, case-control, randomized and non-randomized studies), (4) no language restrictions were applied. (13, 19, 20, 22-32, 34, 38-41, 44-65, 67) Regarding the included organs, this review described the histopathology of different organs as follows; Lung and pulmonary system was the most common described organ in 42 articles, ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Regarding the postmortem pulmonary pathology, our review showed that different histopathological findings had been identified among COVID-19 cases. cache = ./cache/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348787-8htlnb52 author = Hettiarachchi, Dineshani title = Ethical Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from Sri Lanka date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3755 sentences = 176 flesch = 51 summary = In this article, we give an account of the strategy taken by Sri Lanka to mitigate the pandemic and comment on the lessons learned concerning the ethical responses to the COVID-19 crisis. The strict adherence to the measures enforced through the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance Act could be further strengthened by making the wearing of face masks, mandatory quarantine and social distancing which are considered only as guidelines issued on COVID-19 prevention, legally binding, at least during an outbreak, so that more citizens follow these measures stringently. Furthermore, even though the strict lockdown did not seem ethically sound, given the number of ICU beds available in Sri Lanka, it was the opinion of the public health experts that we employ a method known as "the hammer and the dance". As the number of fatalities from the COVID-19 pandemic is low in Sri Lanka, many lessons can be learned from the country's response to the crisis, from an ethical perspective. cache = ./cache/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348777-pk9y6vfp author = Ding, Cheng title = Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3609 sentences = 190 flesch = 46 summary = title: Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study This study aims to investigate the association between corticosteroid therapy and the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance among patients with mild COVID-19. Our observational results revealed that corticosteroid therapy had no positive effect on the durations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance among patients with mild COVID-19. Results from this study suggested that patients with mild COVID-19 may not benefit from corticosteroid therapy in terms of the duration of SARS-CoV-2 clearance. cache = ./cache/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348652-7n7rnonw author = Ramos, Roberta Pulcheri title = Thrombosis and anticoagulation in COVID-19 date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1024 sentences = 60 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, in patients with COVID-19 and a high pre-test probability of thrombotic events, especially in those with disproportionate hypoxemia, D-dimer levels should not contribute to the clinical decision-making to continue the investigation, because this test is more important for excluding the disease in populations with a low prevalence of VTE (< 10%). More importantly, the determination of D-dimer levels is of little use for the diagnosis of VTE when analyzed in isolation, especially in this high-risk population, in which the positive predictive value of the test is low. (12) To date, the best approach to treat patients with COVID-19 is to underscore the approach recommended for diseases with a high thrombotic risk: performing routine thromboprophylaxis in all hospitalized patients and increasing surveillance and clinical suspicion, especially in patients with gas exchange alterations disproportionate to the degree of systemic inflammation and the radiological findings. cache = ./cache/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348848-js36pw2r author = Filut, Amarette title = Will Losing Black Physicians Be a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1762 sentences = 99 flesch = 47 summary = A compelling case exists that increasing the number of Black physicians trained and practicing in the United States is one effective intervention to promote health equity and reduce the persistent health disparities that have become glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4, 6 In this Invited Commentary, we caution that the COVID-19 pandemic, as a further assault on the health of Blacks in this country, may erode the meager progress that has been made in increasing the number of Black physicians. Black physicians' exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of contracting COVID-19 are proportionately greater Abstract A compelling case exists that increasing the number of Black physicians trained and practicing in the United States is one effective intervention to promote health equity and reduce the persistent health disparities that have become glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348771-gr7oa9up author = Karri, Jay title = Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1691 sentences = 98 flesch = 32 summary = The CDC and CMS recently released recommendations that all elective and non-essential medical, surgical, and dental procedures be deferred in an attempt to optimize use of healthcare equipment and resources amidst the Covid-19 pandemic 4, 5 . The overarching aims for the current national recommendations are four-fold: (1) to preserve personal protective equipment (PPE), inpatient beds, and ventilators; (2) to ensure that the healthcare workforce is available to care for patients most in need; (3) to encourage patients to remain home as much as possible to limit exposure; and (4) to provide a framework for triaging non-essential surgeries and procedures. Beyond these recommendations, both the CDC and CMS agree that decisions about proceeding with non-essential surgeries and procedures will be made at the local level by the clinician, patient, hospital, and state and local health departments 4, 5 . cache = ./cache/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348717-qgny6f6y author = Shumba, Constance title = Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8589 sentences = 390 flesch = 45 summary = Anecdotal evidence in Kenya shows that the COVID-19 pandemic is contributing to deteriorating optimal environments that threaten children's early development and has direct health impacts on caregivers and children [11] [12] [13] . There are several far-reaching, interlinked direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated control measures on nurturing care and related ECD outcomes including children's cognitive, physical, language, motor, and social and emotional development (Figure 1 ). There is a need to build and leverage community level programs and policy support, targeting children at risk of abuse and neglect, and adolescents at risk of early pregnancy, to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic, such as poor nurturing care environments and transactional sex for food and pads among adolescent girls, all of which subsequently leading to poor child development outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348806-yi9vbgwj author = Saladino, Valeria title = The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4011 sentences = 215 flesch = 42 summary = Research has highlighted the impact on psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers, who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. The following article has two focuses of interest: (1) the evaluation of the psychological and social effects of the pandemic on the population, mostly children, college students, and health professionals; and (2) the identification of new perspectives of intervention based on digital devices and in line with the social security measures and mental health promotion. One of the future goals of public and private psychological organizations should be the promotion of specific training for psychologists and psychotherapists, with the following aims: (1) developing the basic skills in managing the effects of a pandemic and of emergency situations; and (2) sensitizing patients to online therapeutic relationship, providing the main rules and benefits of the process (Stoll et al., 2020 ; Joint Task Force for the Development of Telepsychology Guidelines for Psychologists, 2013). cache = ./cache/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348855-lnltoj1n author = Iannaccone, Giulia title = Weathering the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4669 sentences = 207 flesch = 37 summary = The exaggerated cytokine release in response to viral infection, a condition known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm, is emerging as the mechanism leading to ARDS and MOF in COVID-19, thus endorsing the hypothesis that properly timed anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies could improve patients' clinical outcomes and prognosis. CS are the cornerstone of treatments for cytokine storms and macrophage activation syndrome in autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases [18] ; in the COVID-19 scenario they may be useful in the more severe forms of CRS to curb the systemic inflammatory response and prevent the occurrence of ARDS, if appropriately timed [10, 19] , 20]. Tocilizumab is now already included in many practice guidelines for COVID-19 management, especially for the treatment of critically ill patients with severe refractory hypoxemia in a later stage after the high-viral-load initial phase all over the world, while we wait for more definite data from multiple ongoing clinical trials [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348941-orpngirf author = Torkian, Pooya title = Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1141 sentences = 62 flesch = 44 summary = title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series In this study, we aimed to review and depict the common MRI features of COVID-19 pneumonia in our laboratory confirmed case series, the first comprehensive reported cohort in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Upon IRB approval, eight laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients who presented to our outpatient imaging clinic underwent chest CT and, once various features of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, a dedicated multisequence chest MRI was performed on the same day with an institutional protocol. A few recent studies have demonstrated radiologic features of COVID-19 pneumonia in other diagnostic modalities, like ultrasound and PET-CT (7, 8) but no dedicated report has described magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the disease. In this pilot study, we aimed to review and depict the common MRI features of COVID-19 pneumonia in our laboratory confirmed case series, the first comprehensive reported cohort in the literature. cache = ./cache/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348803-2lix3a0u author = Ikemura, K. title = Using Automated-Machine Learning to Predict COVID-19 Patient Survival: Identify Influential Biomarkers date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3789 sentences = 263 flesch = 57 summary = In this study, we used automated machine learning (autoML) to develop and compare between multiple machine learning (ML) models that predict the chance of patient survival from COVID-19 infection and identified the best-performing model. Conclusions: By using autoML, we developed high-performing models that predict patient mortality from COVID-19 infection. In this study, we aimed to find the most important prognostic biomarkers and develop a COVID-19 mortality risk assessment tool using automated machine learning (autoML). We assigned the autoML to generate 20 machine learning models and rank them in order of performance by AUCPR on the remaining 20% of the dataset (859 patients, test set). After the two Stacked Ensemble models ranked GBM and XGBoost models with AUCPR of 0.830 and 0.825, respectively ( preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted October 14, 2020. We generated high-performing ML models that predicts mortality of COVID-19 infected patients using autoML. cache = ./cache/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348823-u2gm3kyh author = Baksh, Mizba title = A Systematic Review of Cases of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2249 sentences = 116 flesch = 45 summary = About 80% of COVID-19 infections are mild or asymptomatic and never require hospitalization but about 5% of patients become critically ill and develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The widely used management for ARDS in COVID-19 has been in line with the standard approach, but the need to adjust the treatment protocols has been questioned based on the reports of higher mortality risk among those requiring mechanical ventilation. Although some antimalarial and antiviral drugs may prove effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), their safety and efficacy are still under clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review of case reports on ARDS in SARS-CoV-2 infection to summarize the clinical presentation, laboratory and chest imaging findings, management protocols, and outcome of ARDS in COVID-19-positive patients. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a case series cache = ./cache/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349031-tbof9yqi author = Chen, Shiu-Jau title = Novel Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5464 sentences = 303 flesch = 43 summary = Fortunately, some novel antiviral strategies, such as convalescent plasma, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, potentially offer an additional or alternative option or compassionate use for the people suffering from COVID-19, especially for critically ill patients, although their safety and efficacy are also under study. In this review, we explore the applications, possible mechanisms, and efficacy in successful cases using convalescent plasma, CRISPR, and MSC therapy for COVID-19 treatment, respectively. In this case series study of five critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, the administration of convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies significantly improved their clinical status [53] . Under the condition that traditional drugs cannot assure their safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment, novel antiviral strategies, including convalescent plasma, CRISPR, and cell therapy, may be able to provide an additional or alternative option or compassionate use for the treatment of COVID-19, particular for critically ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348927-g69gt0oh author = Li, Tong title = Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1558 sentences = 106 flesch = 50 summary = title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia Extensive use of mechanical respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has helped to reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19 to less than 2% in some regions. Awake and fully mobile ECMO have proven to be beneficial in patients with ARDS induced by pneumocystis pneumonia, immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring extracorporeal life support. [5] [6] [7] However, the use of awake ECMO has not been reported in ARDS patients secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Profound hypoxemia and acute lung failure, the main causes of death, are the prominent features of ARDS resulting in a subset of critical COVID-19 pneumonia patients. 8 ECMO has become an alternative therapy for prolonging patient life and allowing time for lung recovery, especially in severe ARDS resulting from COVID-19. Better be awake"-a role for awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Pneumocystis pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348813-v1sdodz9 author = Kefale, Belayneh title = Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3590 sentences = 223 flesch = 43 summary = title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis English-language based databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were exhaustively searched to identify studies related to prevalence of thromboembolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 33% (95% CI: 25-41%, I(2) = 97.30%, p < 0.001) with a high degree of heterogeneity across studies. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of venous thromboembolism prevalence based on 19 studies involving 2,520 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 51, 53, 54 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, various factors contributing to the prevalence of thrombotic events among patients with COVID-19 were identified. Prevalence and risk factors of thromboembolism among patients with COVID-19: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348976-hgty4t7c author = Cai, Yi title = Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3792 sentences = 205 flesch = 43 summary = The high viral loads in the nasal 11 and oropharyngeal mucosa, along with our current understanding of the route of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) transmission 12 and anecdotal reports of disease transmission during aerosolizing procedures, place otolaryngologists at a higher risk for contracting COVID-19. 14, 15 Recent recommendations from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and Society of University Otolaryngologists (SUO) necessitated changes to resident clinical responsibilities, rotation schedules, and PPE guidelines during this pandemic. Lastly, participants were asked about their concerns, satisfaction with their department response, and perceived level of risk for residents and attendings for contracting COVID-19. Satisfaction level was strongly correlated with comfort in communicating their concerns (r = 0.72, P < .00001) and inversely correlated with resident perception of increased risk of contracting COVID-19 relative to attendings (r = −0.52, P < .00001). cache = ./cache/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348835-4ocuw8uk author = Aurelio, Mauro title = Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 inpatients: Incidence and management in a multicenter experience from Northern Italy date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4009 sentences = 209 flesch = 59 summary = Abstract Background COVID-19 patients have an increased susceptibility to develop thrombotic complications, thus thromboprophylaxis is warranted which may increase risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Risk and incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in COVID-19 patients is unknown, and at the moment only two case series (one without endoscopy data) [8, 9] and two case reports are reported in literature [10, 11] . Need for endoscopic treatment was more common in patients in whom upper GI endoscopy was performed before 24 hr (6 vs 1 patients, p=0.08) although GBS score was similar between the two groups (13;12-16 vs 12;9-15, p=NS). The decision to postpone upper GI endoscopy or to not perform was probably related to the significant respiratory involvement (nine out of 12 patients) or to a severe systemic course of COVID-19 disease that reflected higher c-reactive protein values and that lead physicians to avoid additional factors (i.e. sedation, endoscopic procedure) that could worsen respiratory function. cache = ./cache/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348807-9xxc5hyl author = Cuomo, Raphael E. title = Sub-national longitudinal and geospatial analysis of COVID-19 tweets date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3235 sentences = 143 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: In an effort to better understand the impacts of COVID-19, we concurrently assessed the geospatial and longitudinal distributions of Twitter messages about COVID-19 which were posted between March 3rd and April 13th and compared these results with the number of confirmed cases reported for sub-national levels of the United States. This study suggests that, across subnational areas within the United States, there exists a highly variable threshold of perceived dangerousness and/or intrusiveness required to activate outbreak-related conversations on social media platforms such as Twitter, a finding that can inform future outbreak communication and health promotion strategies. Concurrent geospatial and longitudinal analyses also indicate that predominantly rural areas of the United States increased engagement in COVID-19 social media conversations at later stages of the study timeframe. This study is unique in that it uses Twitter data as a proxy measure for assessing the concurrent longitudinal and geospatial distributions of attention to COVID-19 across local and regional communities in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348847-53s19r16 author = Lu, T. title = Internet Search Patterns Reveal Clinical Course of Disease Progression for COVID-19 and Predict Pandemic Spread in 32 Countries date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3701 sentences = 197 flesch = 55 summary = We found that Internet search patterns reveal a robust temporal pattern of disease progression for COVID-19: Initial symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat and chills are followed by shortness of breath an average of 5.22 days [95% CI 3.30-7.14] after symptom onset, matching the precise clinical course reported in the medical literature. We conducted a detailed global study across 32 countries on six continents to determine whether Internet search patterns can provide reliable real-time indicators of local COVID-19 spread, and whether these data can reveal the clinical progression of COVID-19. Figure 1 shows search volumes for the terms "fever" and "dry cough", alongside reported COVID-19 cases and deaths for China, Iran, Italy, United States and India. Figure 4a shows the ensemble average search volumes for "fever", "cough", "dry cough" and "shortness of breath", indexed by searches for "coronavirus symptoms", alongside reported COVID-19 cases and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348963-1faxyx9x author = ALHAERY, M. title = A COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index: The Key to Opening up the Economy date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3487 sentences = 185 flesch = 55 summary = Using various measures for each state including mortality, hospitalizations, testing capacity, number of infections and infection rate has allowed for the creation of a composite COVID -19 Reopening Readiness Index. Using various measures for each state including mortality, hospitalizations, testing capacity, number of infections and infection rate has allowed for the creation of a composite COVID -19 Reopening Readiness Index. First, a sub-index was created for each of the identified indicators related to COVID-19: the number of new daily cases, the number of hospitalized patients, death counts, tests given, and positive tests as a percent of total tests at a state level. These indexes are calculated based on the three-day rolling averages of the key metrics to minimize irregular fluctuation in the daily data and still provide easily identifiable trends over time. . https://doi.org/10.1101 The COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index provides a universal and unbiased perspective of viewing each state's progress towards containing the spread of the virus or regressing over time. cache = ./cache/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349095-fnlgm4dv author = Youssef, Sofian title = First impressions of the foundation interim year 1 postings: positives, pitfalls, and perils date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 57 flesch = 48 summary = Changes were made to expand patient capacity including hospital restructuring, cancellation of most elective surgeries and early graduation of final year medical students.(1) The UK foundation programme (UKFP) curated a new training position for graduates as foundation interim year 1 (FiY1) doctors, where they voluntarily work in paid positions prior to entering formal foundation year 1 (FY1) roles.(2) Expediting the process of fulfilling these positions, the General Medical Council facilitated early provisional registration of doctors. We discuss the positives, pitfalls, and perils of the new roles and the first impressions of three newly qualified FiY1 s in medical, obstetrics and gynaecology and surgical posts, a surgical FY1 doctor and a clinical supervisor in surgery. From the perspective of a surgical FY1 doctor working on a ward with an FiY1, the role of an interim F1 is much the same to that of a final year medical student with additional benefits of being able to prescribe, request investigations and complete medical documentation. cache = ./cache/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349144-cvmebr3f author = Barca, Ida title = Telemedicine in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery: An Effective Alternative in Post COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4859 sentences = 200 flesch = 43 summary = The study was conducted at the MaxilloFacial Surgery Unit of "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, on two different groups of patients: a group of follow-up patients (A(1): patients in oncological follow-up after surgical treatment performed before the COVID-19 pandemic; A(2): suffering from chronic lesions such as precancerous lesions), and a group B of patients with first urgent visits (B(1): patients with suspected oncological pathology; B(2): patients with suspected urgent disease such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), odontogenic abscesses, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, etc.). Before being subjected to a remote visit, all patients were contacted by telephone for adherence to the protocol and to explain the limits of the method related to not performing a physical examination in person and submitting the COVID-19 screening questionnaire; the authorization to use telemedicine was obtained via recorded video or signature on a specific consent form and sent on the institutional email. cache = ./cache/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349008-x750xe8n author = Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title = Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6373 sentences = 294 flesch = 42 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348975-plne3xlz author = Wagner, Tyler title = Augmented curation of clinical notes from a massive EHR system reveals symptoms of impending COVID-19 diagnosis date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4920 sentences = 212 flesch = 41 summary = By contrasting Electronic Health Record (EHR)-derived symptoms of COVID-19-positive (COVID(pos); n = 2,317) versus COVID-19-negative (COVID(neg); n = 74,850) patients for the week preceding the PCR testing date, we identify anosmia/dysgeusia (27.1-fold), fever/chills (2.6-fold), respiratory difficulty (2.2-fold), cough (2.2-fold), myalgia/arthralgia (2-fold), and diarrhea (1.4-fold) as significantly amplified in COVID(pos) over COVID(neg) patients. In order to investigate the time course of COVID-19 progression in patients and better define the presence or absence of symptoms, we used BERT-based deep neural networks to extract symptoms and their putative synonyms from the clinical notes for the week prior to the date when the COVID-19 diagnosis test was taken (see Materials and methods; Table 1 ). Augmented curation of the unstructured clinical notes from the EHR reveals specific clinically confirmed phenotypes that are amplified in COVID pos patients over COVID neg patients in the week prior to the SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing date. cache = ./cache/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348879-opzkodt7 author = Nune, A. title = Challenges in delivering rheumatology care during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2615 sentences = 136 flesch = 47 summary = The rheumatology community's responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients had to be balanced with measures to reduce the risk of viral transmission and also protection of both the patients and staff. To deliver safe and effective care, the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) have produced guidelines for the management of patients with rheumatological autoimmune inflammatory and metabolic bone disorders during the current pandemic (Table 1) [5, 6] . The rheumatology community had to achieve a balance of protecting the patients and staff, reducing the risk of spread of viral transmission whilst providing a safe continuous clinical care. There will be patients who will be apprehensive attending for 'face-to-face' consultations as elective services resume, and we need to ensure that the clinic environment is safe to deliver innovative care. cache = ./cache/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349124-nhnl7zgi author = de Sandes‐Freitas, Tainá Veras title = Lessons from SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1193 sentences = 85 flesch = 47 summary = Evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers might transmit the SARS‐CoV‐2, challenging the implementation of transmission preventive strategies. We report a single‐center experience using universal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening for all inpatients and newly admitted patients to an Organ Transplant Unit located in a region with significantly high community‐based transmission. We will describe the experience of a single center of screening all inpatients and newly admitted patients to the Organ Transplant Unit. On March 31, 2020, a 43-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, hospitalized since March 23rd presented acute dyspnea and fever and was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (patient 1). We reported the COVID-19 screening strategy adopted by our center in a attempt to prevent nosocomial transmission and keep "clean" the Transplant Unit. Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in epidemic period: a case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients Lessons from SARS-CoV-2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit cache = ./cache/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349078-59wel5o5 author = Kanniah, Kasturi Devi title = COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5857 sentences = 261 flesch = 52 summary = In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO2 column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. In addition, for a more detailed analysis over Malaysia, which is only marginally affected by the forest and vegetation fires in the northern part of SEA, the AOD values were extracted for a single pixel Emili et al., 2011 ) that is located over or closest to the 65 monitoring stations including industrial (7), urban (10) cultivation, biogenic emissions, dust, peat and vegetation fires, which explain the comparable or even higher AODs than the urban sites, a large part of the significant AOD decrease at all sites is attributed to the general shutdown of the anthropogenic activities in order to restrict the expansion of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348999-989vojgu author = Boddington, N. L. title = COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6501 sentences = 311 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred cases of COVID-19 identified in GB, including estimates of sensitivity and specificity of selected symptoms, associations of underlying health conditions with infection and estimates of the prevalence of these conditions in the UK population. service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/population-of-england-and-wales/latest) Logistic regression analysis of associations of age and sex with COVID-19 included 358 cases with data on underlying health conditions (to allow adjustment for immunosuppression), and 2,705,963 UK general population controls. Analysis of associations of underlying health conditions with COVID-19 infection included 358 cases with comorbidity data, and 2,705,963 UK general population controls (Table 4 ). cache = ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349226-xzlc1pni author = Khatiwada, Saroj title = Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible link and implications date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4312 sentences = 231 flesch = 35 summary = To date there is no direct evidence from human or animal studies on the role of lung microbiome in modifying COVID-19 disease; however, related studies support that microbiome can play an essential role in developing immunity against viral infections. The COVID-19 disease is caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 [4] . The COVID-19 disease begins with the invasion of lungs by SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the major complications that develop subsequently are related to lung infection and immune response generation, therefore, lung microbiome might play an important role from initiation to the progression of this disease [16] . The SARS-CoV-2 viral infection occurs amid the local environment of diverse microbiota; therefore, it is apparent that lung microbiota can have an impact on the initiation, development, and progression of the COVID-19 disease. cache = ./cache/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349104-p0egfpx9 author = Modi, Anita R. title = Coronavirus disease 2019 in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient living with human immunodeficiency virus date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1207 sentences = 76 flesch = 38 summary = Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID‐19‐infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). COVID-19, HIV, hydroxychloroquine, immunocompromised, orthotopic liver transplantation Solid organ transplant recipients living with HIV uniquely demonstrate features of both immune suppression and immune activation, as evidenced by the increased rates of allograft rejection in such patients. We hope to contribute to the literature of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients by describing an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipient with well-controlled HIV who experienced a mild flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349198-mx5pu9fq author = Sverzellati, Nicola title = Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1673 sentences = 91 flesch = 42 summary = 12 On the basis of scientific data, knowledge in thoracic radiology, and our Institutional intensive experience with COVID-19 epidemic, we drew and adapted an integrated radiologic algorithm based on the first 702 cases of patients who referred to dedicated COVID-19 radiology protocol after first-level clinical triage in a dedicated emergency unit ( Fig. 2A) . Radiologic integrated contribution is established with 3 major categories that specifically refer to COVID-19: category 1 (green border) encompasses both normal CT and CT with signs of exclusive non-COVID-19 disease; category 2 (yellow border) is meant as indeterminate category that includes 2 main complex scenarios with COVID-19 as alternative or overlapping disease; category 3 encompasses typical patterns recently associated with COVID-19. The supervening massive situation ought to try and define some very low-risk strata among category 2 and 3 patients by definition of extremely small findings on CT to be integrated with clinical parameters and to allow early discharge from hospital with peripheral follow-up (general practitioners are involved in peripheral monitoring of COVID-19) (Fig. 2B) . cache = ./cache/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349297-de6vwlh5 author = Chow, D. S. title = The disproportionate rise in COVID-19 cases among Hispanic/Latinx in disadvantaged communities of Orange County, California: A socioeconomic case-series date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3538 sentences = 211 flesch = 50 summary = The purpose of this study is to describe race-ethnic and socioeconomic disparities associated with COVID-19 in patients in our community in Orange County, California and understand the role of individual-level factors, neighborhood-level factors, and access to care on outcomes. The pattern of race-ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes emerging throughout the United States begs the question of what social factors may influence a highly transmissible, rapidly spreading novel coronavirus. We observed significant disparities in race-ethnic distribution among COVID-19 cases with noncritical and critical disease when compared to county demographics ( Figure 5 ). While recent epidemiologic reports on COVID-19 have observed disparities in incidence, morbidity, and mortality among underserved and minority populations, including the Hispanic/Latinx community, there remains a poor understanding about which social determinants may contribute to these disparities. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20090878 doi: medRxiv preprint 11 COVID-19 cases who live in dense households and low-income communities highlights the importance of understanding community-level factors during a pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349263-mmfrqyrc author = Rodríguez, A. title = Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4180 sentences = 229 flesch = 56 summary = 1 Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop serious viral pneumonia known as COVID-19, characterized by severe respiratory failure, and which has placed a heavy burden on Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and the national healthcare system as a whole. Taking into account that both the characteristics of the patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 and the care received ---and hence the resulting crude mortality rate ---can differ considerably among different centers 7 and countries, 3,5,7---10 the present study was carried out to describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of a series of consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 in a Spanish tertiary hospital, differentiating the subjects according to ICU outcome after 28 days. A prospective, observational cohort study was made, including all consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine (DICM) from 14 March to 16 April 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on RT-PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swab and/or bronchial aspirate samples according to the criteria of the WHO. cache = ./cache/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349313-2gupfqnl author = Martinez-Perez, Clara title = Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7148 sentences = 437 flesch = 53 summary = This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited. Methods: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2" for the period between January and July 2020. The search of publications was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) database with the following search terms: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "The Coronavirus Disease 2019" and "Corona Virus Disease 2019". Moreover, the most common keywords used in Chinese journals were "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Prevention and control", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Computed tomography", "Epidemic", "Public health", "MERS", "Pneumonia" and "Male". In this group, the different articles analyze the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the most frequent symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, etc.) and experimental treatment methods such as chloroquine phosphate (Figure 7 ). cache = ./cache/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349159-rndtf508 author = Brosseau, Lisa M title = Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5946 sentences = 272 flesch = 45 summary = Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. From that perspective, occupational hygienists have an obligation Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2020, 1-10 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 Original Article to consider hazardous SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in workplace risk assessments and to encourage employers to utilize well-studied and proven source and pathway control strategies for minimizing aerosol exposures. (2019) proposed a control banding method for aerosol-transmissible diseases, such as COVID-19, for two reasons: (i) to identify those jobs at highest risk and (ii) encourage the use of source and pathway controls before resorting to personal protective equipment (PPE), for the ultimate goal of conserving PPE for those in the highest risk categories. cache = ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349360-dv4lxx52 author = Cozza, Valerio title = I-ACTSS-COVID-19—the Italian acute care and trauma surgery survey for COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3430 sentences = 160 flesch = 48 summary = We have designed the first Italian survey on the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on Acute Care Surgery activity and submitted it to emergency surgeons in all the country to evaluate the experiences, trends, attitudes and possible educational outcomes that this emergency brought to light. -Section one: general information of the respondents (type of hospital, Italian region of origin, hospital role, hospital and ICU capacity, date of first COVID-19 + isolation, specific COVID-19 + pathway and ward); -Section two: general and specific questions about Surgical activity (impact of COVID-19 + outbreak on surgery workload, changing in acute care surgery and trauma workload and organization, identification of a specific triage, theatre, ward, for both suspected and COVID-19 + surgical patients, any change to the approach to most common surgical emergencies, any change to the laparoscopic approach, any specific online or on field training on COVID-19 +; cache = ./cache/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349408-2ser9zjc author = Iannuzzi, Nicholas P. title = An Orthopaedic Department’s Response to the COVID-19 Health-Care Crisis: Indirect and Direct Actions with Thoughts for the Future date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2255 sentences = 91 flesch = 40 summary = Cancelling elective procedures and rescheduling nonurgent outpatient clinic visits create a cascade of effects on the health-care system-limiting interpersonal interactions, preserving bed capacity and personal protective equipment (PPE), and allowing staff to be redeployed to best confront the COVID-19 crisis. Direct actions that our orthopaedic surgery department has taken to address this nontraumatic health-care crisis include increasing telehealth capabilities, providing more efficient consultative care to emergency departments (EDs), and helping to direct patients with traumatic injuries toward hospitals that are not overburdened by the management of patients with COVID-19. While the above steps represent indirect and direct actions that orthopaedic providers may take in order to help confront the COVID-19-related health-care crisis, additional steps can be considered by hospital administrators and medical directors in order to help address this challenge. cache = ./cache/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author = Ji, Ping title = Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7698 sentences = 436 flesch = 40 summary = Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with elevated TNF-α levels in the critical stages of severe COVID-19 is ongoing in Shanghai, China, with the main outcome of time to clinical improvement. A Phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of infliximab was initiated to evaluate whether early institution of TNF-α inhibitor therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infections could prevent further clinical deterioration and reduce the need for advanced cardiorespiratory support and early mortality at a 5 mg/kg IV single dose. extrinsic factors ( Route of administration: As described before, the immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 mostly are directed towards patients with moderate and severe stages of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349565-g1emvmdu author = Conti, Clara Benedetta title = Bleeding in COVID-19 severe pneumonia: The other side of abnormal coagulation pattern? date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1326 sentences = 83 flesch = 49 summary = In the available studies, COVID-19 patients showed alterations of coagulation test, with significant increase of D-Dimer levels associated with severity of illness and adverse outcomes (2). In this scenario, we describe two cases of spontaneous abdominal internal bleeding in hospitalized patients with bilateral interstitial pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 throat swab positive, supported with C-PAP ventilation, as the invasive ventilation was not recommended for both. Suddenly, after 10 days from the admission, similarly to the first case we described, the patient complained of severe abdominal pain, with clinical signs of hemorrhagic shock. CT scan showed large pelvic blood collection (size:16 x 10 cm) not dissociable from the right ileo-psoas muscle (Fig 1B) , with two late enhanced spots, both of 5 mm, as sign of active bleeding. During the SARS COV-1 epidemic in 2003, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax were reported in patients treated with NIV or C-PAP. cache = ./cache/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349418-98sgr5iv author = Bo, Yacong title = Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020 date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4191 sentences = 198 flesch = 51 summary = Model 1 included the following covariates: calendar time to control seasonal and longterm trends over the study period; Rt of the previous day to account for temporal autocorrelation; public health response time, which was defined as the number of days between the date of activation of the first NPI and the date on which the first case was reported; an indicator for the day of the week and public holidays to account for weekly or periodic variations in the number of people who accepted the SARS-CoV-2 test; duration for which a type of NPI was implemented to control for the potential effects of implementation duration; population density to account for the higher transmission rate in regions with high population density; median age to account for the higher incidence rates among the elderly; and GHSI to account for countries' capacity to prevent and mitigate epidemics and pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349415-q0g0uqj6 author = Commodari, Elena title = Adolescents in Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Perceived Health Risk, Beliefs, Psychological Experiences and Expectations for the Future date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6995 sentences = 309 flesch = 49 summary = In this scenario, this study aimed to provide a general overview of the perceived risk related to COVID-19 and the psychological experience of quarantine in a large sample of Italian adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy eight adolescents (males = 339; females = 639) living in 13 Italian regions and attending upper secondary school (age range: 13–20, M = 16.57, SD = 1.20), responded to an internet-based questionnaire about perceived health risk related to COVID-19, knowledge and information on measures to control the pandemic, beliefs and opinions on stage two of the quarantine, and psychological experiences related to quarantine. Moreover, it explored perceived health risk related to COVID-19, knowledge and information on measures to control the pandemic, beliefs and opinions on stage two of the quarantine, routines and habits of life that adolescents miss most (such as going out with friends, meeting boyfriend or girlfriend, going to visit their relatives, for a total of six items), and psychological experiences related to quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349276-viq01q8l author = Shaw, Rajib title = Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9217 sentences = 412 flesch = 54 summary = The above description shows that within two months (from 13th of January, when first case was reported in Thailand, outside China to 13th of March, when USA declared emergency), the virus has taken a significant number of lives, affected a large number of people, and brought down many countries, including the economic hubs under lockdown. (1) The occurrence of first confirmed case and subsequent successful initial management: From the beginning of the COVID-19 situation, the Korean government, centered around the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), has shared information with related organizations and established an effective response system. On top of that, as the government-wide response became more vital due to the rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases, MoIS took charge of the monitoring and management of people self-isolating, finding and surveying those who had visited the Wuhan region and may be contagious, locating and securing temporary living facilities and lifetime treatment centers through Countermeasures Support Headquarters (CSHQs). cache = ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349645-6o8773c5 author = Li, He title = Air Pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3018 sentences = 177 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: A retrospective study is conducted to study whether air quality index (AQI), four ambient air pollutants (PM(2.5), PM(10), NO(2) and CO) and five meteorological variables (daily temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, temperature difference and sunshine duration) could increase COVID-19 incidence in Wuhan and XiaoGan between Jan 26(th) to Feb 29(th) in 2020. In this retrospective study, we attempted to conduct an exploratory analysis looking at the association between environment conditions (including ambient pollutants and meteoroidal parameter) and COVID-19 incidence/mortality in Wuhan, given a city-wide lockdown and varying pollution/meteorological data throughout the entire study period. In the current study, although the NO 2 level was constantly lower than the US EPA standards (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016), our data revealed that COVID-19 incidence were highly correlated with the ambient NO 2 concentration. The correlation between the COVID-19 incidence and three ambient air pollution along with five meteorological parameters Jan 26 th to Feb 29 th in 2020 in Wuhan and XiaoGan, China. cache = ./cache/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349329-f0pbd968 author = Bosteels, Cedric title = Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12411 sentences = 618 flesch = 45 summary = -Presence of acute hypoxic respiratory failure defined as (either or both)  saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2  PaO2/FiO2 below 350 -Admitted to specialized COVID-19 ward -Age 18-80 -Male or Female -Willing to provide informed consent Exclusion criteria -Patients with known history of serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor such as sargramostim, yeast-derived products, or any component of the product. Study Interventions Confirmed or highly suspect COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure (saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2 or PaO2/FiO2 <350) will be randomized to receive sargramostim 125mcg twice daily for 5 days as a nebulized inhalation on top of standard of care (active group), or to receive standard of care treatment (control group). cache = ./cache/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349474-pprxwij6 author = Elshami, Wiam title = The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4717 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Moreover, our ability to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices and associated factors, such as fear and anxiety, among the RWF provided more insight into the psychological needs of medical workers to continue providing quality service. cache = ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349439-3z0b77r5 author = Mandal, Amitabha title = A Systematic Review on Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: Current Guidelines and Safety Measures date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2494 sentences = 145 flesch = 51 summary = As Surgeons we often required to examine and perform procedures in head and neck patients and are in high risk of exposure to aerosol and droplet contamination. In this review various international guidelines and sources were put together, and we aim to summarize in a systematic way the available recommendations: indications, timing, technique and safety measures for tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients, from all over the world. It is therefore of utmost importance to focus equally on both patient's and health care team's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic that minimize risk of viral exposure. The tracheostomy may not always be life saving as all those require the procedure may not survive but it comes at the cost of risk of infection to the health care staff and relative of the patient. Guidance for health care workers performing aerosol generating medical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349353-2ll9hzfr author = Giordano, Chiara title = Freedom or money? The dilemma of migrant live‐in elderly carers in times of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7540 sentences = 274 flesch = 48 summary = Concerning the latter, as it has repeatedly been stressed, the COVID-19 crisis has and will have an impact on various aspects of gender equality, including the economic hardship falling on women whose economic position is precarious, which is the case of many single-parent households; the sharpening of domestic violence; the hazardous situation of workers in the frontline, the majority of whom are women; and the increased burden of unpaid care and housework responsibilities during the lockdown period 1 . Both elementsthe emotional ties between caregiver and care receiver and the position of live-in caregivers as 'quasi-family members'have crucial consequences on the lives and choices of live-in elderly carers in times of COVIDAs mentioned in the previous section, the very nature of care work, including the gendered construction of the ideals and values associated to it and the emotional labour that shapes their This article is protected by copyright. cache = ./cache/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349500-603v8lfb author = Neurath, Markus F title = Covid-19 and immunomodulation in IBD date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6548 sentences = 386 flesch = 45 summary = Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infects ACE2 expressing epithelial cells in the lung and/or the intestine. The covid-19 receptor ACE2 is particularly highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells from the terminal ileum and to a lesser extent in the colon, where mucosal inflammation in patients with IBD (Crohn's disease (CD); UC) is frequently detected. cache = ./cache/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349618-s85oi17h author = Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title = Challenges of Oral Medicine Specialistsat the time of COVID‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2029 sentences = 87 flesch = 39 summary = Deferred diagnosis of a malignant condition when suspected or even dysplasia in oral leucoplakia cases vastly implies the clinical outcome, influencing treatment and prognosis, subsequently (Meng et al, 2020) .Suspended routine care provision for patients with other, less severe conditions (hyposalivation, oral lichen planus, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis -RAS)could have a significant impact on the patients' well-being and quality of life, if oral medicine cases are not managed consistently and timely. All rights reserved affect the salivary glands function , and the inhibitory role of saliva in prevention and protection from viral infections can be considerably diminished in case hyposalivation (Farshidfar and Hamedani, 2020) .As the negative impact of COVID-19 infection on oral health seems to be multidirectional (Dziedzic and Wojtyczka, 2020) , patients should be encouraged to maintain safely their access to health systems, particularly in case of urgency/emergency problems, and a clear concept for prioritizing procedures in OM with a careful triaging becomes pivotal, as proposed by The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) ( Table 1, RCSE 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349566-zx9kt144 author = de Alencar, Julio Cesar Garcia title = Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with N-acetylcysteine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2957 sentences = 213 flesch = 55 summary = title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with N-acetylcysteine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 There is still no robust experimental confirmation for this fact; however, increased serum AngII levels have been reported in patients with severe Covid-19 cases [7] and enhanced expression of ACE2 in adults, compared to children, has been advocated to cause the difference of disease prevalence in these age ranges [8] . Therefore, we designed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to determine whether NAC (in doses used to treat acute liver failure), is able to protect alveolar cells and avoid respiratory failure in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by (confirmed or suspect) Covid-19. This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous NAC to prevent respiratory failure in patients with confirmed or suspect severe Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author = Yıldız, Erman title = What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1271 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = 1 Everything regarding COVID-19 started with cases detected in the city of Wuhan in China 2 and became a public even that concerns the entire world in a short time due to the disease's high contagiousness. 15 Indeed, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors encountered in the pandemic period are not just related to noncontagious diseases, but these behaviors are also closely in interacting with the mental health of individuals. Considering that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors due to quarantine, such as physical limitation and ineffective weight management are frequently comorbid with stress, anxiety, and depression, the mental health of individuals should not be neglected. 16 For all these reasons, from the perspectives of public health and protective care, there is an emergent need to provide information and interventions to individuals, communities and healthcare institutions for them to continue the healthiest lifestyle under quarantine. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19: how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk cache = ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349428-i2s41kl7 author = Griffin, Ian title = The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Labor and Delivery, Newborn Nursery, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prospective Observational Data from a Single Hospital System date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4416 sentences = 228 flesch = 53 summary = The study population consisted of maternal-infant dyads whose mothers were identified to be either COVID-19 positive or persons under investigation (PUI) before their admission to labor and delivery (L&D) or at any time before their discharge. Obstetric patients who were COVID-19 positive or PUIs were cared for in a designated suite of single-person airborne infection isolation (AIIRs) negative pressure rooms separate from the main L&D unit through delivery and the postpartum period, while awaiting testing for COVID-19 or if they had tested positive for COVID-19. If a mother tested positive for COVID-19 and newborn infants had been immediately separated at birth from their mother, neonatal isolation precautions were suspended after two negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nasopharyngeal swab tests, performed at 48 hours and at 5 days of life, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349740-xed4aybr author = Wang, Yulong title = Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4260 sentences = 212 flesch = 47 summary = The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. To avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to medical staff, appropriate protective measures taken by orthopedic surgeons during pandemic in different sites from pre-hospital, emergency diagnosis and treatment, emergency surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative management are of great importance. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. cache = ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349477-3qhpu7v0 author = Jarynowski, A. title = An attempt to optimize human resources allocation based on spatial diversity of COVID-19 cases in Poland date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7012 sentences = 438 flesch = 51 summary = Our task is to examine the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 arrival and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the first wave (period from March 4 to May 22, 2020 (unofficial data)), and socio-economic variables at the powiat (county) level (NUTS-4) using simple statistical techniques such as data visualization, correlation analysis, spatial clustering and multiple linear regression. Demographic (like age, mobility, migration etc.), social ("income","PiS_support") and COVID-related factors (population size,forest_density,population_density,arrival_SARS) are the ground for our proposal of proper sanitary staff allocation. The aim of this paper is an exploratory and preliminary quantitative evaluation of the geographical spread on the level of county/poviat (NUTS-4) of SARS-CoV-2 virus (and COVID-19 disease caused by it) in Poland during the Spring wave of infections. The main statistical approach is calculating multiple regressions with Akaike selection criteria on the SARS-CoV-2 arrival time to each poviat and the number of COVID-19 cases based on socio-economic variables. cache = ./cache/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349355-k48s9sum author = Janssen, Joris title = Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a male adult with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 958 sentences = 64 flesch = 43 summary = Here we report a case of a 52 year old male who presented with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 pneumonia, followed by a severe course of disease. Here we present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 pneumonia, and discuss the possible mechanism underlying this association as well as clinical implications. Furthermore, a recent case series described three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia that were complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, all of which were followed by a severe course of disease with fatal outcome [13] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Therefore, further research is warranted to assess whether spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 pneumonia. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of COVID-19 pneumonia and was associated with a severe course of disease in our patient. Future studies are warranted to assess whether spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349445-yh6ndtgm author = Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar title = Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11840 sentences = 618 flesch = 39 summary = Therefore, researchers suggested that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may show a positive trend towards the severe inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction caused by stimulating the function of ACE/Ang II/AT-1 axis and thereby, towards the bad pulmonary effects associated with the COVID-19 infection [29, 30] . Since IL-6 would inactivate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), it could disrupt NO production [90] , decreasing its level and inducing a state of oxidative stress that may lead to Ang II-induced impairment in endothelial responses [91] Postulating impaired endothelium functions as a principal factor in the pathogenesis of heart failure, hypertension and diabetes, it will be expected to classify the patients of such diseases as high risk groups for COVID-19 development [92] [93] [94] . Taken into consideration the numerous harmful effects possibly induced by Ang II during COVID-19 pathogenesis, we found that most novel studies aim to use the anti-hypertensive drugs which act either by inhibiting the ACE activity or by blocking AT1 receptor, suggesting that action may mitigate the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349794-mhviub6e author = Le, Brian L. title = Transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline identifies therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3810 sentences = 216 flesch = 43 summary = We applied a computational drug repositioning pipeline to SARS-CoV-2 differential gene expression signatures derived from publicly available data. By infecting human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 and comparing to controls, the authors generated a list of 120 differentially expressed genes. Here, we applied our existing computational drug repositioning pipeline to identify drug profiles with significantly reversed differential gene expression compared to predicted inhibitors (including one tested in Calu-3) were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 infected human embryonic kidney 293T cells overexpressing ACE2 (293T-ACE2) with viral replication determined using an immunofluorescence-based assay. In this study, we applied our drug repositioning pipeline to SARS-CoV-2 differential gene expression signatures derived from publicly available RNA-seq data ( Figure 1 ). Here, we used a transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline to predict therapeutic drug hits for three different input SARS-CoV-2 signatures, each of which came from distinct human cell or tissue origins. cache = ./cache/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349898-nvi8h77t author = Dinh, Ly title = COVID‐19 pandemic and information diffusion analysis on Twitter date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4774 sentences = 235 flesch = 55 summary = Specifically, we compare COVID-19 virus's (a) SIR -modeled and (b) empirically observed diffusion patterns with (c) information cascades of retweeting, quote tweeting, and replying behaviors on Twitter social network to understand the relationships between information and virus diffusion. The first two networks are created to capture the diffusion of the COVID-19 virus in the entire population, via an SIR simulated model (SIRsim) and an observed model based on reported data about infected (I), and removed (R) cases (SIRemp). The third network is constructed from information cascades on Twitter (we call this INFOcas), where infected (I) are tweets that interacted with the original tweets about COVID-19 by either retweeting, quoting, or replying, and removed (R) include tweets that are no longer interacted with for a defined period. cache = ./cache/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349757-lhdkps01 author = Barba, Maddalena title = Cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019: evidence in context date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1862 sentences = 97 flesch = 43 summary = Some authors have hypothesized an increased infection risk for cancer patients, with a more severe disease, requiring a reorganization of health care system that could disrupt an established high quality cancer care routine in many developed countries. Other authors have attempted to interpret data related to cancer patients by better defining their "active status". Cancer treatments have been optimally discussed elsewhere in reference to their deleterious impact on the immunological status of cancer patients, with potential consequences in terms of increased risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and less favorable outcomes [2] . Whichever the specific context, the deriving key elements will inform subsequent steps in health policy programming and conduct of further research tailored on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease development in specific patients' categories, including cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349840-xs2chzmn author = Sharma, Varun Kumar title = COVID-19 and Anticoagulant based therapeutics: an approach with great promise date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 637 sentences = 44 flesch = 40 summary = Outcome based clinical observation revealed that about 46% patients with COVID-19 (globally) suffered coagulopathy condition and elevated levels of D-dimer (>0.5 mg/L) (Levi et al., 2020 , Guan et al., 2020 . Additionally, COVID-19 infected patients have higher risk of thrombotic disease including acute coronary syndrome, venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism, or stroke and increase risk of mortality (Watson et al., 2020) . Therefore, it has been assumed that suppressed coagulopathy based approach using anticoagulant could be one of the best options to improve the therapeutic possibilities to control COVID-19 pathogenesis and support the quality of life of patients. Anticoagulant therapy, mainly with low molecular weight heparin boost the survival rate of COVID-19 infected patients with coagulopathy (Tang et al., 2020) . Al, suggests that coagulopathy in COVID-19 infected patients is associated with antiphospholipid antibodies which include anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) (Zhang et al., 2020) . Figure 1: Anticoagulant based therapeutic could add health benefit to COVID-19 patients via suppressing coagulopathy. cache = ./cache/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349786-12lc3342 author = Acquah, Samuel title = Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic African Region date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 184 flesch = 44 summary = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is widely distributed in the human body is implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and COVID-19. With the continent already responsible for over 93% of global malaria burden and associated deaths in 2018 [6] , the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic does not only increase the infectious disease burden of the African region but could serve as another risk factor to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the region. Just like other known coronaviruses [14, 15] , the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a specific receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for entry into host cells [16] [17] [18] [19] . To this end, the COVID-19 virus, which reduces ACE2 levels or activities, can potentiate infected individuals for future development of T2DM through low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. cache = ./cache/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349841-eigcqb1b author = Boukanjime, Brahim title = Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3022 sentences = 217 flesch = 62 summary = title: Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching In this paper, we analyze a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model which is perturbed by both white noise and telegraph noise incorporating general incidence rate. In fact, the COVID-19 epidemic model is unavoidably subjected to the environmental noise, which made the parameters involved in the system often fluctuate randomly around some average values as the surrounding environment fluctuation. In this paper, we propose a stochastic COVID-19 model adopting a generalized incidence function [25, 26] as follows: Note that the COVID-19 epidemic models may be perturbed by telegraph noise which can causes the system to switch from one environmental regime to another [22] . To study the dynamical behaviour of an epidemic model, we firstly need to consider whether the solution is global and positive. This paper investigates a stochastic epidemic model describing COVID-19 dynamics affected 125 by mixture of environmental perturbations modeled by white and telegraph noises. cache = ./cache/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349558-vof63qat author = Jain, Vageesh title = Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4500 sentences = 282 flesch = 52 summary = Exclusion criteria included: [1] studies of exclusively paediatric or pregnant patients, due to the varying presentation of COVID-19 in these groups, [2] insufficient data on symptoms/comorbidities on admission in either severe or non-severe disease groups (or ICU and non-ICU All rights reserved. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Table 1 shows details of all included studies including reported findings pertaining to symptoms and comorbidities related to disease severity or ICU admission. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Tables 3 and 4 show the odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for the individual symptoms and comorbidities that were investigated in at least three of the included studies, for both severe disease and ICU admission, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349867-e4f3qlae author = Nkodo, Jacques-Alexis title = Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 877 sentences = 55 flesch = 41 summary = title: Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France Although these measures are clearly legitimate from an epidemiological point of view, their application leads to significant organizational challenges for institutions caring for the most vulnerable people 1 , such as those with disruptive behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Neurocognitive disorders make it difficult for the patient to understand restrictive health measures, and behavioral disorders (like wandering) increase the risk of contagion. The French National Consultative Committee on Ethics (Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique) advised against the preventive use of containment to promote health measures adherence in nursing home but did suggest that temporary, proportional, appropriate restrictions could be imposed on a case-by-case basis 2 . In the unprecedented context of COVID-19 (in which collective interests prevail), containment measures for patients with disruptive BPSD have created organizational difficulties. cache = ./cache/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349838-p6vfzbla author = Algwaiz, Ghada title = Real-world issues and potential solutions in HCT during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from the WBMT and the CIBMTR's Health Services and International Studies Committee date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4060 sentences = 229 flesch = 44 summary = Realizing the challenges as a result of this pandemic affecting the daily practice of the HCT centers, and the recognition of the variability in practice worldwide, the Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) Health Services and International Studies Committee have jointly produced an expert opinion statement as a general guide to deal with certain aspects of HCT including diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 in HCT patients, pre-and-post-HCT management, donor issues, medical tourism and facilities management. While acknowledging all aforementioned challenges and taking into account current recommendations or guidelines issued by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) (which are WBMT members), herein, we aim at providing a consensus among the authors from WBMT and CIBMTR's HSIS committee and other HCT experts who represent multiple continents and allude to the current worldwide threat to HCT patient from the COVID-19 pandemic (7, 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349868-lb2jcl8m author = Patel, Jay title = Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2350 sentences = 125 flesch = 51 summary = We present the cases of two COVID-19-positive patients treated with HCQ at our institution, which showed adverse effects of the medication. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common antimalarial and lupus drug, has been shown to potentially reduce viral carriage and the number of symptomatic days in COVID-19 patients according to an open-label non-randomized French case study of 36 patients [2] . The purpose of this case series was to highlight some of the cardiovascular complications related to HCQ and to engage in a risk-benefit analysis of its use in mild/moderate presentations of COVID-19. We believe these are among the first few cases illustrating adverse cardiovascular effects of the experimental five-day HCQ therapy in mild/moderate presentations of COVID-19. Case 2, considered as low risk, demonstrated how HCQ therapy initiated in an outpatient resulted in an adverse outcome that led to hospital admission. cache = ./cache/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349842-2euxyh5l author = Gu, Renjun title = The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2452 sentences = 176 flesch = 40 summary = title: The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Many reports revealed that rehabilitation exercise can improve respiratory function and relieve the pressure from diseases, but there is no evidence to prove its effects on COVID-19. This protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis will clarify the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on different COVID-19 patients. RESULT: This study will assess effects and safety for practicing rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to prove the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. We will conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate whether effective and practicable rehabilitation can be implemented onto COVID-19 patients from all severity classifications. It is difficult to prove that COVID-19 patients from all severity levels to receive rehabilitation exercises, our systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to collect existing trails data based on these different levels of classification. cache = ./cache/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349899-3hprecor author = Cohen, J. A. title = Schools are not islands: Balancing COVID-19 risk and educational benefits using structural and temporal countermeasures date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6430 sentences = 308 flesch = 53 summary = We compared seven school reopening strategies that vary the degree of countermeasures within schools to mitigate COVID-19 transmission, including the use of face masks, physical distancing, classroom cohorting, screening, testing, and contact tracing, as well as schedule changes to reduce the number of students in school. For each scenario, we calculated the percentage of schools that would have at least one person arriving at school with an active COVID-19 infection on the first day of school; the percentage of in-person school days that would be lost due to scheduled distance learning, symptomatic screening or quarantine; the cumulative infection rate for students, staff and teachers over the first three months of school; and the effective reproduction number averaged over the first three months of school within the community. cache = ./cache/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349822-ehidj2ev author = Chang, Raymond title = Repositioned chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for COVID-19: A protocol for rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2435 sentences = 140 flesch = 48 summary = In this setting, the existing drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) which has suggestive evidence of efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease has become prime candidates to be repositioned as therapeutic and preventative agents, and a growing number of clinical trials have been registered to study their preventative potential for at-risk populations using a range of dosing schemes and outcome measures. This rapid systematic review protocol aims to provide streamlined and timely synthesis on methodologies and results of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CQ and HCQ in hopes that this will constructively inform further research as well as public health policy. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 Using standardised forms, two researchers will independently extract data on study design, setting, participant characteristics, intervention and comparison details including dosage, duration, timing and route of administration, outcomes assessed and time of measure, as well as funding source or conflicts of interests as reported by authors of the trials. cache = ./cache/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349902-3ov501xx author = Sufian, Abu title = A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7858 sentences = 550 flesch = 57 summary = title: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic Although the whole article is referred and cited current relevant stateof-the-art wherever relevant, this section is dedicated to provide a review on some of the very generic recent state-of-the-art works related to transfer learning approaches over edge computing. • A study on neutrosophic and deep transfer learning models on limited COVID-19 chest X-Ray dataset. This combined model, that is, Deep Transfer Learning over Edge Computing(DTLEC) will take the power of DL through DTL as well as would be applicable in critical sectors by EC to cope with a sudden pandemic. This article has tried to bring potentialities and challenges of Deep Transfer Learning, Edge Computing and their related issues to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic. Detection of coronavirus (covid-19) associated pneumonia based on generative adversarial networks and a fine-tuned deep transfer learning model using chest x-ray dataset cache = ./cache/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349909-hmyv1nep author = Misa, Nana-Yaa title = Racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 disease burden & mortality among emergency department patients in a safety net health system date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3925 sentences = 207 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in test positivity rate and mortality among emergency department (ED) patients tested for COVID-19 within an integrated public health system in Northern California. Results from ED-based testing can identify racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 testing, test positivity rates, and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and can be used by health departments to inform policy. We pre-specified the regression model to contain COVID-19 positivity as the dependent variable, with the following predictor variables: race and ethnicity; age; medical co-morbidities (that may influence disease severity); documented epidemiologic concern (defined as healthcare worker or living with elderly family members); skilled nursing facility residence; whether or not a patient had a PCP (to control for access to medical care); and which AHS ED conducted the test to control for geographic and hospital site clustering. cache = ./cache/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349678-79zlgjqi author = Warrior, Krishnan title = Acute Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Thrombosis Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2531 sentences = 158 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of acute limb ischemia caused by arterial thrombosis due to coronavirus disease 2019. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We report a case of peripheral arterial thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019, resulting in acute limb ischemia of the right lower extremity. C oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus (1). Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in critically ill COVID-19 patients, there have been only a few reports of arterial thromboembolism (4, 5) . Here, we report a case of peripheral arterial thrombosis and acute limb ischemia (ALI) associated with COVID-19. Gelatinous-appearing thrombi have been noted in other patients with COVID-associated arterial thrombosis (12) . We thereby report a case of arterial thrombosis and ALI due to a hypercoagulable state caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. cache = ./cache/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349682-kpg0vley author = Ojha, Probir Kumar title = Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices—where we are, where we are heading to date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7923 sentences = 416 flesch = 49 summary = For example, the broad-spectrum antiviral drug Arbidol recently entered the clinical trial for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 which may act by inhibiting virus-host cell fusion, thus preventing the viral entry into host cells against influenza virus [37] [38] [39] . Smith and Smith [22] analyzed 8000 small drug molecules and natural products (SWEETLEAD library database) employing restrained temperature replica-exchange MD simulations combining virtual screening through the ensemble docking to identify the effective drug for COVID-19 which might stop the virus by two ways: (a) disrupting S protein and ACE2 receptor interface stability; or (b) by troubling the capability of the S protein to recognize Table 2 Pharmacological safety data of selected potential drug candidates [11, 12, 14, 34, 38, 39, 43-45, 57-59, 64, 69, 70, 89] Drug Dose Drug-drug interaction Toxicity Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen) [11, 12, 14, 43, 89] This is a genetically engineered vaccine candidate with the replicationdefective adenovirus type 5 as the vector to express SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. cache = ./cache/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349646-imv0sc9y author = Lee, Yonghyun title = Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1569 sentences = 98 flesch = 50 summary = Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease. From March 8, 2020, DMA physicians prospectively questioned patients newly diagnosed with COVID-19 who were awaiting hospitalization or facility isolation regarding the presence of anosmia or ageusia; they also provided counseling on a daily basis for these symptoms until admission to hospitals or therapeutic living centers. cache = ./cache/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349755-81ijzz3a author = Perz, Catherine A. title = Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a US College Sample date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3026 sentences = 168 flesch = 55 summary = The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020) is a seven-item scale which has been validated and shown to possess good psychometric qualities in studies of participants from multiple countries. The current study used a cross-sectional convenience sample of US college student participants (n = 237) and found that the FCV-19S has high reliability and validity as demonstrated by its internal consistency and strong one-factor solution. Additionally, the FCV-19S was only moderately correlated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), suggesting that the FCV-19S may bring added utility to research and clinical practice with populations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the present study was to our knowledge the first to use the Englishlanguage version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a sample of US college students, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the scale using SPSS Version 26. cache = ./cache/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349836-m9b65l75 author = Malhotra, C. title = Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1639 sentences = 113 flesch = 56 summary = Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. Results from our final model (Figure 1 ) showed that those with -more chronic conditions, living with children and a lower perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety, which was mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: medRxiv preprint outcomes due to COVID-19 to the general public to help people clearly understand their risks and steps they can take to minimize this risk. In conclusion, we find high anxiety among younger adults, those with chronic conditions, living with children and with low trust in the government response to control the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author = Freer, Phoebe E. title = The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5752 sentences = 281 flesch = 48 summary = Quickly, breast radiologists and technologists had palpable concerns regarding the need to protect HCWs and patients during screening, and firm statements were released by national organizations with the ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic all released later in March, 2020, and recommending to "postpone all breast screening exams (to include screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) effective immediately" as well as to discontinue routine and non-urgent breast health appointments. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines include increasing telehealth appointments (noting in person visits are needed for new cancer patients or urgent infections / post-operative complications) and specific guidance for management and advised that the risk/benefit balance for most patients favored continued administration of systemic therapies and chemotherapies, with additional precautions when possible (e.g., choosing less immunosuppressive therapies, regimens requiring fewer appointments) 26 . cache = ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349973-7441gjda author = Ahmed, Y. N. title = Predictors of CPAP outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3380 sentences = 245 flesch = 56 summary = Introduction: Throughout March April 2020, many patients with COVID-19 presented to Southend University Hospital with Acute Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF). Results: The 52 patients, prior to receiving CPAP had significant respiratory failure as evidenced by a low PaO2: FiO2 (PFR) (mean +/SD 123 +/60 mmHg) and mean SpO2:FiO2 (SFR) (mean +/SD: 140+/50). The main indicators of CPAP success were: higher SFR before and after CPAP, lower respiratory rate (RR) , lower Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and higher PFR prior to CPAP. Adult COVID-19 patients (≥ 18 years old) admitted to Southend University Hospital (UK) between the 1st of March 2020 and the 30th of April 2020 that underwent CPAP treatment in the Acute Respiratory Care Unit (ARCU) were included in the study. (9) We conducted bivariate analysis using Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney test based on quantitative variables distribution as well as Pearson's Chi-square test to compare different demographic and clinical parameters between CPAP success and failure groups. cache = ./cache/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349912-em1abdrg author = Meng, Xiangming title = COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1517 sentences = 111 flesch = 57 summary = Multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the incidence rate of Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients varies from 33.9–68% with female dominance. Clinical evidence has shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted by person-to-person [1] . Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the tears of COVID-19 patient and can cause nasal infection via the nasolacrimal duct [17, 18] . performed the olfactory function test (OFT)of 60 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and took 60 subjects from previous studies as a control group matching the age and gender of the patient's group [35] . Another investigation, using a self-reported questionnaire, analyzed the prevalence of smell and/or taste disorders in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 8 OFT has been the mainstay for diagnosis of OD; however, the patients in most studies were untested by OFT. cache = ./cache/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349852-atayq3fi author = Volpe, Massimo title = COVID-19 and the Forgotten Majority date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 499 sentences = 29 flesch = 45 summary = Millions of visits, procedures, surgical operations and screening or prevention programs were cancelled or postponed through the world due to the unavoidable and necessary new mission of the hospitals to face the COVID-19 wave. An issue of particular importance is represented by the interruption of screening or follow-up programs, particularly in the context of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, leading to a worrying number of missed diagnoses and delayed specific treatments, necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality [1] . The management of patients with cancer or heart failure in more advanced stages will have a countless socioeconomic impact for healthcare systems and it will need an immediate new program to recover the missing actions as fast as possible. The patients' fear of a possible contagion in a hospital setting and the exclusive focus of emergency departments on COVID-19 with a consequent deferral of other procedures has generated an unpredicted pre-contemporary medical scenario [4, 5] . Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350001-pd2bnqbp author = Liu, L. title = Estimating the Changing Infection Rate of COVID-19 Using Bayesian Models of Mobility date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5516 sentences = 276 flesch = 53 summary = We propose a hierarchical Bayesian extension to the classic susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model that adds compartments to account for isolation and death and allows the infection rate to vary as a function of both mobility data collected from mobile phones and a latent time-varying factor that accounts for changes in behavior not captured by mobility data. On the other hand, compartmental models [e.g., 1, 6, 7] assume a flexible, causal story for the spread of a disease and can also incorporate mobility data as a covariate for predicting the time-varying infection rate of a disease. However, most often though we don't know the parameters of the model beforehand, but we do have some data that can provide a learning signal to fit the parameters, One such signal is the daily number of new cases of a disease, which can be predicted by a compartmental model as the change in I + R between each day. cache = ./cache/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349980-x1h5dhn9 author = Ge, Huiqing title = Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3546 sentences = 211 flesch = 46 summary = In order to make this gap end, the purpose of the study were 4-folds: (1) to describe the lung mechanics of COVID-19 patients by analyzing high-granularity ventilator waveform data; (2) to explore whether the lung compliance can be influenced by clinical factors, such as recruitment maneuver (RM) and body positioning; (3) to identify risk factors for PVA during IMV in COVID-19 patients; and (4) To describe post-extubation lung functions for survivors with spirometry test. Abbreviations: AI, asynchrony index; WOB, work of breathing; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; DT, delayed triggering; IEE, ineffective effort during expiration; IQR, interquartile range; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PVA, patient-ventilator asynchrony; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. The study integrated high-granularity ventilator waveform data with clinical variables to describe the temporal change of lung mechanics of critically ill patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350006-c4be9eii author = Martina, Stefano title = The Perception of COVID-19 among Italian Dentists: An Orthodontic Point of View date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3947 sentences = 186 flesch = 54 summary = An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was sent to Italian dentists during the final days of the lockdown with items about anxiety, fear, distress, perceived risk for operators, and concerns about orthodontic patients caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire was comprised of 31 multiple-choice questions: 5 questions were about personal data (gender, age, region of residence); 4 were on symptoms of COVID-19; 7 were about the perceived risk for operators during orthodontic procedures, anxiety and distress caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak; 6 were about the fears for an infection and the concerns regarding orthodontic and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) patients whose treatment has been suspended due to the epidemic; 5 were about emergencies and changes in clinical procedures and work organization as a result of the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349945-kur9r5n5 author = Bataille, Stanislas title = Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients? date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 477 sentences = 43 flesch = 60 summary = The screening for COronaVirus Infection Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging: many patients are asymptomatic, viral RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab is falsely negative in 30% and pulmonary CT-SCAN is useless in patients with no pulmonary involvement 1,2 . We compared ferritin levels in COVID+ and COVID-infected patients in the hemodialysis patients of our dialysis center in the months preceding viral infection and during infection and found a critical difference (figure 1). In the COVID+ patients, mean ferritin levels in March (before viral infection) and at diagnosis were respectively 584±318 and 1446±1261ng/mL (mean±SD), which was a mean increase of 275%. Interestingly, ferritin levels were elevated at diagnosis in the 5 asymptomatic patients as well as the patients with symptoms (respectively 1209±1292 and 1535±1280ng/mL, mean±SD). A) Comparison of ferritin levels in first week March 2020 (before COVID-19 epidemic had occurred in our center) and at diagnosis of COVID-19 (student t-test). cache = ./cache/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 author = McDade, Thomas W. title = Beyond serosurveys: Human biology and the measurement of SARS‐Cov‐2 antibodies date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2690 sentences = 129 flesch = 43 summary = Serological testing is a complementary approach that detects the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from exposed individuals (World Health Organization, 2020). If sufficient time has passed since the initial infection, the presence of IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens can be used to confirm a clinical case of COVID-19. In developing a low-cost ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, our hope is that others can draw on the longstanding tradition of methodological innovation in human biology to promote community-based research on COVID-19. Human biologists are also well-positioned to consider a life course perspective on variation in outcomes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human biologists are uniquely positioned to make important contributions to our understanding of COVID-19, and methods that facilitate research in community-based settings globally will be central to that effort. Enzyme immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dried blood spot samples: A minimally-invasive approach to facilitate community-and population-based screening cache = ./cache/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350041-b1vmnwv2 author = Cena, Hellas title = Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3017 sentences = 147 flesch = 35 summary = There has been a gradual increase in studies exploring prevention and control measures, and we recommend paying close attention to nutrition, which may contribute to modulating some important consequences of COVID-19 infection, as such pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Unfortunately, we do not yet have weight, height, and waist circumference data for all patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and, therefore, we cannot disentangle the effects of adiposity on lung function and immune response to viral infection. Recent data on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated at an academic health institution in New York City, the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, between March 1, 2020, and April 2, 2020, with follow up through April 7, 2020 (13, 14) showed that obesity, after age, was linked to more severe coronavirus cases, with a substantially higher odds ratio than any cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. cache = ./cache/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350015-mg5wiihj author = Chen, Yiyin title = Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7489 sentences = 407 flesch = 47 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and has caused a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Therefore, age-associated reduction in type 1 IFN response coupled with direct viral suppression could serve as a critical innate immune mechanism that leads to poor cell mediated immunity and increased vulnerability of older adults against SARS-CoV-2 infection with therapeutic implication (Sallard et al., 2020) . On the other hand, children with COVID-19 manifested lower levels of T cell activation than adult COVID-19 patients (Moratto et al., 2020) , suggesting better immune system control and regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. cache = ./cache/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349954-bozgrzvf author = Quintaliani, Giuseppe title = Exposure to novel coronavirus in patients on renal replacement therapy during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: survey of the Italian Society of Nephrology date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 206 flesch = 50 summary = During the COVID-19 pandemic, among SARS-Cov-2 positive RRT patients the fatality rate was 32.8%, as compared to 13.3% observed in the Italian population as of April 23rd. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of the 60,441 surveyed RRT patients in Italy were SARS-Cov-2 positive and subsequently died during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic. The urgent need for a better understanding of the epidemic in RRT patients was immediately evident, and therefore we designed a survey of the Nephrology centers in Italy, aimed to capture the main features, impact and geographical distribution of SARS-CoV-2 spread in over 60,000 prevalent RRT patients during the exponential phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The Italian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 survey confirms and extends previous preliminary observations suggesting that RRT patients, especially those on HD, are at increased risk of developing severe SARS-Cov-2 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350053-bgtl85mq author = Terzi, Francesca title = Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 953 sentences = 56 flesch = 42 summary = We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) have an increased risk of severe complications from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 4, 5 Here, we present the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection complicated with IMH who underwent emergency surgery. 7 Our COVID-19 patient without cardiovascular risk factors complicated by IMH could intriguingly indicate IMH as another potential COVID-19 major vascular complication; the devastating systemic inflammatory response to COVID-19 infection with the typical "cytokine storm" could likely represent the underlying mechanism of the aortic wall damage. Evaluation of aortic wall inflammation in acute aortic intramural hematoma using FDG-PET/CT in relation to prognostic aorta-related outcome Prognostic value of sustained elevated C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma cache = ./cache/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350065-frg7gvf5 author = Parolari, Alessandro title = Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to ‘phase’ 2 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2438 sentences = 113 flesch = 45 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has led the emergency task forces of the 20 Italian regions to reallocate intensive care unit resources, to cancel elective surgical procedures and to allocate intensive care unit beds usually dedicated to cardiac, neurosurgery and some coronary care patients to the care of patients with COVID-19 [3] . Our strategy is based on achieving the following 2 goals: (i) given the geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic, assessing the level of spread and severity in any given area and (ii) developing a COVID-free pathway to mitigate the risk of nosocomial infection. Although some areas have used the 'hub and spoke' approach whereby hospitals delivering cardiac surgery are not routinely treating COVID-19 patients, the focus and the challenge during phase 2 are the reconversion of the cardiac surgical departments where resources had previously been redeployed for the treatment of infected patients, the most common approach adopted in Italy during phase 1. cache = ./cache/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350016-yxf7ykva author = Qin, Le title = A predictive model and scoring system combining clinical and CT characteristics for the diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3907 sentences = 199 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of exposure (β = 3.095, odds ratio (OR) = 22.088), leukocyte count (β = − 1.495, OR = 0.224), number of segments with peripheral lesions (β = 1.604, OR = 1.604), and crazy-paving pattern (β = 2.836, OR = 2.836) were used for establishing the predictive model to identify COVID-19-positive patients (p < 0.05). The main finding of the present study was that we managed to develop a risk prediction model for the presence of COVID-19 in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia that was based on clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging findings in a training group of 118 patients, and comprised history of exposure to people infected with COVID-19, normal or decreased leukocyte count, a high number of lung segments with pathologic CT findings including peripheral dominance of lesions and presence of crazy-paving patterns as risk factors for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350062-6xsh2pis author = Juul, Sophie title = Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9044 sentences = 485 flesch = 48 summary = Meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses showed that we could exclude the possibility that hydroxychloroquine versus standard care reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97–1.19; p = 0.17; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) and serious adverse events (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.18; p = 0.21; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) by 20% or more, and meta-analysis showed evidence of a harmful effect on nonserious adverse events (RR 2.40; 95% CI 2.01–2.87; p < 0.00001; I(2) = 90%; 6 trials; very low certainty). Random-effects meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between lopinavir-ritonavir versus standard care on serious adverse events (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.39-1.04; p = 0.07, I 2 = 0%; 2 trials; very low certainty) (S10 Fig, S7 Table) . Random-effects meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between lopinavir-ritonavir versus standard care on adverse events not considered as serious (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.85-1.53; p = 0.38, I 2 = 75%; 2 trials; very low certainty) (S12 Fig; S7 Table) . cache = ./cache/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350130-c4u0gxp5 author = Wu, Yi-Chi title = The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview date = 2020-02-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3325 sentences = 228 flesch = 57 summary = In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and bat SARS-like CoV belong to Abstract: In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus # , emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The virus has a preferential tropism to human airway epithelial cells and the cellular receptor, The first confirmed nCoV case in Wuhan (no Huanan seafood market exposure) December 10 cache = ./cache/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350200-1w5u3w8i author = Hendren, Elizabeth M. title = An Interprofessional Approach in Caring for a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis with COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada: An Educational Case Report date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3322 sentences = 174 flesch = 48 summary = INTERVENTIONS: An interprofessional team was established, performing rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement cycles to improve screening practices and promote the safety of patients and staff in the hemodialysis unit. It required concerted efforts of the interprofessional team and implementation of rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to continuously adapt our screening and infection control protocols as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, implementing knowledge of viral transmission patterns in each cycle to maintain the safety of our staff and patients in the early phases of this pandemic. Because it was early on in the pandemic, we had not yet established a COVID-19 dialysis protocol in our institution; thus, arrangements were made to have the patient admitted to hospital until isolation practices could be put into place in the outpatient dialysis setting. There were multiple lessons learned from this experience, including complications of COVID-19 critical illness, strategies for discharge planning, and infection control for a novel infectious agent in the outpatient HD setting. cache = ./cache/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350059-c25md0vm author = Delgado, Diego title = Personal Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities and Perspectives of Healthcare Workers in Latin America † date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2539 sentences = 137 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reality and perceptions about personal safety among healthcare workers practicing in countries of Latin America during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Section 2 comprised four items and was designed to evaluate access to PPE (gel hand sanitizer, disposable gloves, disposable gowns, disposable masks, N95 masks, facial protective shields), access to personal safety policies and procedures (yes or no), access to COVID-19 diagnostic and treatment algorithms (yes or no), access to telemedicine to evaluate and follow up with patients (yes or no), and institutional support with human resources in case healthcare workers are sick (10-point Likert scale; 0 = no resources, 10 = full access to resources). In this survey study of healthcare professionals working in Latin America, we reported limited access to essential personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350179-ltk5hfc4 author = Paganini, Matteo title = Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4422 sentences = 245 flesch = 51 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the health-care system with challenges that have limited science to guide the staff, stuff, and structure surge response. This study reviewed the available surge science literature specifically to guide an emergency department's surge structural response using a translational science approach to answer the question: How does the concept of sudden onset mass casualty incident surge capability apply to the process to expand COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response? While this required minimal investment of resources to reconfigure to limit exposure to staff and to have sufficient supplies, the team was identifying structures that could be adapted, repurposed with little creation to have space to manage the ventilator-dependent patients. Limited to 2019 and 2020, ordered by date "emergency department" OR "hospital" allintitle:("COVID-19" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019nCoV" OR "Wuhan" OR "coronavirus" OR "mass casualty incident" OR "MCI" OR "disaster") Google Scholar Query AND "structure" OR "infrastructure" OR "surge" OR "space" 44 to provide the structures necessary to meet the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350172-w3yoxhsg author = Mertens, Pascal title = Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7563 sentences = 336 flesch = 47 summary = Introduction: COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip, an immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen on nasopharyngeal specimen, has been developed to identify positive COVID-19 patients allowing prompt clinical and quarantine decisions. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and the urgency of sharing relevant data, in this original research article we describe the analytical performance of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip according to the requirements of the current European Directive 98/79/EC (9) , the future European Regulation 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices (10) , the Scandinavian SKUP-protocol (11) used for the validation of qualitative tests and the clinical performance obtained with a multi-centric retrospective study. Overall, 328 nasopharyngeal samples from symptomatic patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infections attending from 19th to 30th March 2020 in three university laboratories located in Belgium were tested following the manufacturer's instructions to assess the clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy in order to propose a diagnostic algorithm adapted to the current situation. cache = ./cache/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350177-j9wyrfse author = Stewart, John A. title = ILCOR’s revised Covid-19 defibrillation recommendation requires a new approach to training date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1317 sentences = 76 flesch = 34 summary = The new recommendation calls for sending one caregiver into the isolation room in order to initiate bedside monitoring and defibrillate if indicated, while the code team is donning their personal protective equipment. With their recent revision, the International Liaison Committee on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation's (ILCOR's) guidelines reflect these PPE guidelines but also specifically identify defibrillation as unlikely to generate aerosols, consequently recommending that hospitals "consider attempting defibrillation [for patients with tachyarrhythmic arrests] before donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures" and before starting chest compressions [2] -echoing an approach developed in 2003 in response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) crisis [3] . If defibrillation was successful, the code would likely be shortened, thus decreasing the risk of Covid-19 transmission to caregivers while also giving the patient a decent chance to survive. Focused defibrillation training promises to decrease confusion and delay in Covid-19 resuscitation efforts. Abbreviations PPE: Personal protective equipment; AGP: Aerosol generating procedure; ILCOR: International liaison committee on cardiopulmonary resuscitation cache = ./cache/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350110-tybh207e author = Poggiali, Erika title = Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 297 sentences = 25 flesch = 61 summary = key: cord-350110-tybh207e title: Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? journal: Radiology cord_uid: tybh207e Chest CT scan was performed in all 12 patients and showed a strong correlation with US: bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity; five of 12 patients had a crazy-paving pattern. Organizing pneumonia was confirmed in four patients as well as detected with lung US. We are aware that our data are preliminary and further studies are necessary to confirm the role of lung US in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia, but we strongly recommend the use of bedside US for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in all the patients who presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms in novel COVID-19 era. The course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases cache = ./cache/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350236-7fit8q1s author = Wan, Bin title = On-site analysis of COVID-19 on the surfaces in wards date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1565 sentences = 99 flesch = 54 summary = Herein, surface contamination in the ward was detected on-site using an RNA extraction-free rapid method. (Guo et al., 2020; These researchers confirmed the virus by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which typically performs deactivation, nucleic acid extraction, and RT-PCR amplification of the collected samples. Samples were collected from seven sites: 1) bedrail; 2) bedside cupboard; 3) chairs; 4) door handles of the bathroom; 5) light switches; 6) remote controller or beeper; 7) fingertip of electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring. We successfully applied an extraction-free SARS-Cov-2 isothermal amplification detection method to on-site analysis of surface contamination by COVID-19 patients in wards. Among 31 cases collected from 18 March to 27 April of 2020, 72.7% reported positive amplifications on the ECG fingertip, indicating that this surface is an important hygiene site. -The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wards was confirmed by nucleic acid isothermal amplification. cache = ./cache/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350182-s10nong7 author = Milionis, Charalampos title = A brief analysis and hypotheses about the risk of COVID-19 for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2733 sentences = 164 flesch = 42 summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection which is caused by a novel virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family [1] and is officially named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The existence of diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 in case of infection with SARS-CoV-2 [24, 25] . The present article supports that heightened inflammatory processes constitute the main pathophysiologic factor for the severity of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes mellitus, whilst impairments in immune response and diabetic comorbidities contribute to the aggravated pathogenesis. Yet it remains unclear whether the innate immune response is vitally impaired in both types of diabetes mellitus and whether hyperglycaemia favours the initial virulence of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus may present dysfunctional type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction and abnormal complement activation [35] which may hinder the immune response. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? cache = ./cache/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350185-xastx0qi author = Whembolua, Guy-Lucien title = Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1309 sentences = 71 flesch = 48 summary = As the world collectively navigates how to face the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is crucial to highlight how low-income and post-conflict countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experiences COVID-19. More specifically, using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its agencies (i.e., the main regulator of public health in the country) prior to the announcement of the first reported COVID-19 case on March 10th 2020, one day before the World Health Organization declared the disease a pandemic [1] . The Relationships and Expectations domain considers elements that influence health behaviors and decisions such as perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that increased public mistrust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. According to the PEN-3 model, perception is defined as beliefs, knowledge or attitudes about COVID-19 and health agencies that impact public trust into the Congolese institutions [5] . cache = ./cache/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350131-rsrlri8m author = Amer, Mohamed A. title = Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2165 sentences = 103 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort study included 96 patients with olfactory complaint confirmed to be COVID-19 positive with recent onset of anosmia. Unlike other viral infections, olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients seems characteristic as it is not associated with rhinorrhea or any other nasal symptoms (5) . (5&13) In the current study, most patients had sudden anosmia (80 patients -83%) while (16 patients -17%) patients developed gradual loss of smell with 80 % of patients had a previous history of contact with anosmic patients, olfactory upset was accompanied by nonspecific inflammatory symptoms as low-grade fever (17% of patients) and fever in 48% of their cohort with myalgia in 59% of them, also, they expressed nasal obstruction & rhinorrhea in 32% & 37% of their patients. In the current study we offered no specific treatment for olfactory dysfunction that accompanies Covid-19 infection as early reports suggest rapid recovery within few weeks (15&19) . cache = ./cache/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350066-xwf7u4n5 author = Zhang, Baozhen title = Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2704 sentences = 199 flesch = 44 summary = title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis [12] In total, 303 ongoing clinical trials concerning the assessment of the therapeutic safety and efficacy for COVID-19 patients have been launched in China by March 1, 2020, 50 of which focus on TCM, including 14 clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine. The recent systematic review and meta-analysis show that acupuncture can relieve breathlessness in subjects with advanced diseases. [16] Therefore, in this meta-analysis review, our goal is to systematically review the efficacy of acupuncture in relieving breathlessness, subsequently improving the physiological function and quality of life of patients with COVID-19 combined with dyspnea. First, it is the first systematic review concerning the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19. The effectiveness of acupuncture in prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting-a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350134-gl3qtoug author = Brun, Gilles title = COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1006 sentences = 76 flesch = 44 summary = title: COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus, also called severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and caused a pandemic disease . Herein, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 brain lesions suggesting an acute demyelination. At day 7, a brain MRI revealed lesions with restricted diffusion without any hemorrhage or enhancement after gadolinium injection (figure). 4 In our case, the distribution of bilateral but asymmetrical lesions with periventricular and deep white matter involvement is rather suggestive of an acute demyelination. Although mechanisms remain obscure, our case shows the importance of the MRI in the exploration of neurologic symptoms in COVID-19. Demyelination or small-vessel CNS vasculitis might be a rare but silent complication of sedated patients with COVID-19. COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350232-zml4o93t author = Peck, Richard W title = A Real‐World Evidence Framework for Optimising Dosing in All Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1931 sentences = 89 flesch = 43 summary = Several drugs are being repurposed into clinical trials in COVID-19 patients, ranging from drugs already well established in other diseases, such as chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir+ ritonavir, azithromycin and tocilizumab/sarilumab, to those such as remdesivir still in development for their initial indication (1) . This will help maximise the value from all the data being collected in the many trials now ongoing, will be more informative than many separate models each developed from smaller datasets and will allow faster achievement of a consensus for how to adjust dosing of effective drugs to optimise responses in all patients. This should also now include working together to ensure optimal use of effective treatments in all real-world patients. Optimizing hydroxychloroquine dosing for patients with COVID-19: An integrative modelling approach for effective drug repurposing A model-and real world data-based framework for continuous updating of dosing recommendations and labelling of treatments for COVID-19 patients (hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, Rx: treatment, PKPD: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics, VK: viral kinetic. cache = ./cache/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350261-7lkcdisr author = Asirvatham, Edwin Sam title = Who is dying from COVID-19 and when? An Analysis of fatalities in Tamil Nadu, India date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3429 sentences = 173 flesch = 50 summary = Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimation of time-interval between symptom onset, hospital admission and death could inform public health interventions focusing on preventing mortality due to COVID-19. This study aims to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimate the time-interval between symptom onset, hospital admission and death, which could inform public health interventions focusing on preventing mortality due to COVID-19. Our study analysed the individual death summaries, and described the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimated the time intervals between symptoms onset to hospital admission and death, which are critical for developing context and geographicspecific public health interventions focusing on reducing the mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350082-n39wakfp author = Yi, Zhan-Miao title = Mapping Evidence of Pharmacy Services for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5631 sentences = 293 flesch = 45 summary = Pharmacist interventions for COVID-19 patients most commonly related to guidelines or consensus development for the treatment of disease and practice procedure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), the supply of medicines to treat patients with severe respiratory or systematic symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), formulating infections prevention and control strategies related to COVID-19 for pharmaceutical personnel/pharmacy staff (n = 14, 15.39%), new way of delivery pharmacy services and the implementation of new pharmacy services for COVID-19 outbreak (n = 14, 15.39%), routine pharmacy services under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak (n = 39, 42.86%), and case series analysis of treatment regimens using existing, routinely collected data (n = 4, 4.40%). Majority are providing routine pharmaceutical care and medication information, especially for special population under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak, prevention and control strategies for hospital pharmacy, clinics specially for fever patients or emergency room, and emergency management model set up. cache = ./cache/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350207-izkzl39p author = Prost, Stephanie Grace title = Prisons and COVID-19: A Desperate Call for Gerontological Expertise in Correctional Health Care date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2327 sentences = 108 flesch = 43 summary = Amidst the unfolding COVID-19 crisis, associated knowledge and skills surrounding older adulthood will be critical to assuring the needs of older adults incarcerated in prisons are met during their detention, while undergoing off-site intervention in community settings, and when preparing for release. Critical gerontological knowledge and skills needed in prison health care include awareness regarding the unusual clinical presentations of COVID-19 among older adults, deconditioning among older adults due to immobility, challenges in prognostication, and advance care planning with older adults. As gerontologists are skilled communicators and experts at training, they are needed to empower prison health care professionals to engage in these critical discussions with their older adult patients in the midst of the pandemic. Gaps in knowledge and skills among prison health care professionals regarding older adults will have dire consequences for the incarcerated population, staff, and the surrounding communities (Volpenhein & Candisky, 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350379-6l55soxu author = Lee, Jenny J. title = Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6225 sentences = 283 flesch = 41 summary = Thus, this study specifically focused on internationally authored scientific articles on COVID-19 published at the beginning of January 2020 to early May 2020 to observe the extent of international collaboration and open access compared with (a) the past five pre-pandemic years and (b) non-COVID-19 articles published during the same 2020 time period. This study sought to explore the nature of scientific globalism, as measured by the extent of scientific research collaboration and open-access articles on COVID-19 and how they compare to non-COVID-19 research (a) during the pandemic as well as (b) the past five pre-pandemic years. In other words countries with a higher GDP, already producing a high domestic output, which also tend to be in restricted journals, may not engage in as much scientific globalism (via international collaboration and open-access publishing) compared with their lower GDP counterparts. cache = ./cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350383-a7wa571o author = Sudeep, HV title = Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1672 sentences = 111 flesch = 54 summary = title: Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of the cellular receptor Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) with Withaferin A from Withania somnifera in the context of COVID-19 pandemic for further consideration. In this study we have used the molecular docking tool to understand the interactions of natural products with plausible targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as host cell receptor GRP78 and COVID-19 M pro . Proteases are often considered as key targets during the discovery of antiviral drugs as they play vital roles in viral replication and polyprotein ©Biomedical Informatics (2020) processing [22] Interestingly, withaferin A was superior to the other tested compounds in its binding affinity with the protein active site. cache = ./cache/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350338-lcsa06gm author = Wang, Kun title = Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2469 sentences = 157 flesch = 51 summary = title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. We developed a clinical model and laboratory model for predicting the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients, the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.98 (0.92, 0.99) in training cohort, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.77, 0.95) in validation cohort, respectively. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350377-vq9eblr0 author = Sukumar, Vivek title = Colorectal Services in Covid-19 Times: Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, the Need of the Hour date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 116 flesch = 48 summary = There is a need to incorporate and strictly enforce various strategies such as enhanced recovery programs which have demonstrated to lower recovery time and post-operative complication rates, helping us to optimally utilize the minimum available resources without burdening the already strained health care infrastructure [3] . All patients admitted and undergoing major elective as well as emergency surgeries under the Division of Colorectal and Peritoneal Surface Oncology were included in the study. The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines and American College of Surgeons (ACS) have advised to give priority to patient with cancers with the ACS suggesting surgeons to look at the Elective Surgery Acuity Scale (ESAS) from St. Louis University which include most cancers in Tier 3a and calls for non-post-ponement of surgery in these cases [6, 7] . Tackling the reduction in hospital resources towards surgical care, the department managed to operate 90 patients over a 2-month period. cache = ./cache/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350255-tthttyl3 author = Poirier, Canelle title = The role of environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak: an initial assessment in two spatial scales date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4288 sentences = 205 flesch = 47 summary = To disentangle if our reproductive number estimates could be explained by importation of cases from Wuhan, Hubei, alone; and if they could be interpreted as indicators of local transmission, we formulated a linear model with the local R proxy as the response variable, and human mobility as a predictor at the province level. In all steps of filtering at the province-level, and for both time periods, τ 1 and τ 2 , absolute humidity was not associated to R proxy , with P values ranging between 0.161 and 0.922 (Tables 9, 10 , 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) . For cities, for time-period τ 1 , and after the first step of filtering, absolute humidity appeared to be associate with R proxy with a p value equal to 0.004 (Supplementary Table S5 ). cache = ./cache/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350390-ukoi8jyg author = Demkina, A. E. title = Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4092 sentences = 244 flesch = 53 summary = Objective To investigate the impact of factors including whether COVID-19 was clinically or laboratory-diagnosed, influenza vaccination, former or current tuberculosis, HIV, and other comorbidities on the hospitalized patients' outcomes. According to the previously published data, age, male sex, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular diseases increased the length of hospital stay, the risk of death, and transfer to the ICU. Conclusions Influenza vaccination could reduce the severity of the hospitalized patients' clinical outcomes, including mortality, regardless of age, social, and economic group. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors including ICD-10 code, influenza vaccination, TB and HIV comorbidities that could impact on the length of a hospital stay, ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirements in relation with COVID-19 mortality on a nation-level sample of 541 377 subjects with completed inpatient treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350375-07l9hqsr author = Escher, Allan R title = An Ounce of Prevention: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Mass Gatherings date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1001 sentences = 61 flesch = 53 summary = Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of their citizens. In response to the current global health event, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Mass gatherings present a historic challenge in protecting the health and safety of attendees. Global sporting events, such as the Olympics and the World Cup, pose unique health risks to attendees and host nations. The WHO defines a mass gathering as a "concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time which has the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the country or community" [3] . In response, the WHO recently published, "Key planning recommendations for Mass Gatherings in the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak (Interim guidance)" [1] . World Health Organization: Public Health for Mass gatherings: Key Considerations cache = ./cache/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350239-jwwazskv author = Begley, J. L. title = Assessing the risk of nosocomial infection posed by COVID‐19 tracheal intubation: the first intubateCOVID results date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 454 sentences = 30 flesch = 51 summary = However, many readers would be more interested in knowing to what extent performing tracheal intubation directly exposes them to the risk of contracting COVID-19. If the risk of contracting the virus were associated with performing tracheal intubation per se, we would expect to see certain signals in the data, which we did not. • There was no increase in risk associated with intubating a patient's trachea with confirmed COVID-19 vs. a patient with merely suspected disease (their Table 4 ), and • There was no association between the number of tracheal intubations performed and the primary outcome (their Supplementary Fig. S1 ). At this stage, there is not a sufficient pool of data against which to make this comparison, but it is possible that the infection rate among participants is no higher than in the general hospital workforce [3] , or indeed a community's other essential workers [4] . Risks to healthcare workers following tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: a prospective international multicentre cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350325-vu8v9epr author = Malih, Narges title = Unexpected Presentation of COVID-19 in a 38-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1686 sentences = 105 flesch = 60 summary = We presently report the case of COVID-19 in a 38-year-old male who had come to the primary health care clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which specializes in the COVID-19 epidemic. The physical findings were maculopapular rash over his trunk, inguinal regions, and left arm, erythema of larynx with an aphthous lesion on left tonsil, he did not have a fever, and respiratory distress symptoms. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in Iran with pharyngeal swabs tested positive by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR Diagnostic Panel assay who had a maculopapular rash and aphthous lesion on the tonsil. A 38-year-old male, who had come to the primary health care clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which is specialized in the COVID-19 epidemic, with a chief complaint of a rash on the third day of his illness. Another study in Italy reported skin manifestation of COVID-19 patients in 16 out of 22 confirmed cases. cache = ./cache/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350281-vmz7gnhm author = Meleveedu, Kapil S title = Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 related illness – A community academic medical center experience date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4387 sentences = 244 flesch = 49 summary = We sought to describe outcomes in a series of severely ill patients with COVID-19 CRS following treatment with anti-IL-6/IL-6-Receptor (anti-IL-6/IL-6-R) therapy, including tocilizumab or siltuximab. Tocilizumab was approved in China in March 2020 for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and severe pulmonary disease associated with elevated serum IL-6 levels [5] . Emerging data suggest that anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy may offer meaningful clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients with CRS and related manifestations, including severe pulmonary hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [12, [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] . This single center series describes the clinical outcomes of 31 patients who presented with severe COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure, who received anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy. Inflammatory markers and cytokine levels decreased significantly following treatment, which supports the hypothesis that interruption of IL-6 signaling in COVID-19 CRS has the potential to halt progression toward more severe and fatal outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350321-jy4i403g author = Ku, Benson S. title = Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 755 sentences = 43 flesch = 51 summary = title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA 1 However, it is not known whether shortage areas are associated with higher COVID-19 infection or mortality rates. This study investigates the hypothesis that primary care HPSAs are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality. 3 The 2013 rural-urban continuum codes used to classify rurality and whole county primary care HPSAs were separately derived from the 2018 Area Health Resource File. Generalized linear mixed models with negative binomial distribution were used to test the associations of primary care HPSAs and COVID-19 rates, controlling for time, rurality, population, and six county-level socioeconomic variables. Our findings suggest that primary care provider shortage areas with reported COVID-19 cases face a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and death even after adjusting for socioeconomic and other county-level factors. cache = ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350406-o90k48vy author = Mannheim, Jonathan title = Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March–April 2020 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2104 sentences = 114 flesch = 44 summary = BACKGROUND: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. On March 12, 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) received its first report of a pediatric patient with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 . Symptomology of children with COVID-19 throughout the United States has been described [1] ; however, to date no report on pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for the most severe cases has been published. Standard case investigation data were collected including demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms of illness, hospitalization (eg, date of admission, intensive care unit [ICU] requirement) and epidemiologic risk factors such as exposures to ill persons, travel, and comorbidities. cache = ./cache/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350429-v36lrg3p author = Iyengar, Karthikeyan title = Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1531 sentences = 99 flesch = 48 summary = BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. RESULTS: There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. COVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. Government initiatives -COVID 19 has exposed health care system of many countries including India. Telemedicine for Diabetes Care in India during COVID19 Pandemic and National Lockdown Period: Guidelines for Physicians cache = ./cache/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350456-lter7hy2 author = Lewis, Shantel title = Diagnostic radiographers’ experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2818 sentences = 213 flesch = 52 summary = title: Diagnostic radiographers' experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa Results Sixty diagnostic radiographers representing both the private and public health sector responded to the questionnaire. Implications for practice Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic radiographers will allow radiology departments' management, hospital management, professional bodies and educational institutions to re-evaluate provision of resources, training, employee wellness programs as well as policies and procedures. 10 News reports indicate that the private healthcare sector may accommodate COVID-19 patients from the public health sector at an agreed price. [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Method A qualitative approach using an open-ended online questionnaire was used to explore Gauteng's diagnostic radiographers' experiences of COVID-19. Radiographers shared their experience of medical imaging departments implementing stringent infection control measures that affected work flow and operations. COVID-19) caused by a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Guidelines for case-finding, diagnosis, management and public health response in South Africa cache = ./cache/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350473-f47i7y5h author = Sen-Crowe, Brendon title = COVID-19 laboratory testing issues and capacities as we transition to surveillance testing and contact tracing date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1099 sentences = 91 flesch = 54 summary = The sensitivity of PCR tests have been estimated at 71%, resulting in ~30% of infected patients having a negative finding. The second type of test is serologic, which detects immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) specific for SARS-CoV-2 and provides an estimation of population virus exposure 4 . Many FDA-approved serologic tests have high sensitivity and specificity. To address the development of a reliable test, the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) provided funding for the development of Simplexa COVID-19 Direct Assay and to QIAGEN to accelerate development of their RPS2 test 15 . Additionally, HHS is purchasing the ID NOW COVID-19 rapid point-of-care test (Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough Inc.) for public health labs (Table 1) 16 . Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs cache = ./cache/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350437-dq1il88y author = Reale, Maria Lucia title = SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: A Picture of an Italian Onco-Covid Unit date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4177 sentences = 216 flesch = 47 summary = This retrospective study aims to collect epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data from SARS-CoV-2 positive cancer patients hospitalized at the Onco-Covid unit in San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Italy, one of the few oncological wards for cancer patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection, in order to provide a deeper insight into the clinical evolution of infection in cancer patients, particularly in lung cancer patients. This retrospective study included all SARS-CoV-2 oncological patients accepted at the Onco-Covid Unit at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, between March 27th and April 19th 2020. The mean length of hospitalization at data cut-off was 30 days ±14 (0-53), while it resulted 16 ± 9 days (0-37) when calculated from COVID 19 positivity (characteristics and outcomes of individual patients included in the analysis are reported in Supplementary Table 2) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350498-jwweg06f author = Abebe, Ayele title = Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3721 sentences = 251 flesch = 58 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness on clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 and factors affecting it in the North Shoa zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020. The types of profession (AOR=6.9, 95% CI=1.6–29.8) and level of a profession (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.4–4.4) of the profession, availability of television at home (AOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1, 3.9) and hearing of the emerging diseases in the past (AOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.5–5) were factors that determine the awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological spectrum. So, this study was aimed to assess the level of awareness (clinical and epidemiological spectrum) and factors related to it among health care professionals, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out to identify the level of awareness (clinical and epidemiological spectrum) of COVID-19 and factors affecting it among health professionals at governmental public health hospitals in the North Shoa zone, Ethiopia. cache = ./cache/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350521-jfd5gd2p author = Bong, Choon-Looi title = The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3712 sentences = 251 flesch = 60 summary = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. -William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming A s news of a novel viral illness in China emerged in January 2020 1 and until the day when the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, 2 those who live and work in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) held their collective breath. 6 Countries have closed their borders, enforced strict social isolation and quarantine procedures, and increased testing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. This will further reduce resources available for health care, not just in managing COVID-19 patients, but also for those with many other major medical conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350466-z5yvfo22 author = Jena, Anuraag title = Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 772 sentences = 57 flesch = 50 summary = title: Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic 8 We therefore performed a systematic review to study the elevations of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 and if these elevations were different in patients with or without gastrointestinal symptoms . After removing the duplicates, we screened for the original studies reporting about fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients. These four studies reported about fecal calprotectin levels in 174 patients with COVID-19 ( Table 1) . The elevations of fecal calprotectin were more frequent in those patients who had gastrointestinal symptoms in all the three studies which provided this information (Figure 1 ). Further, as patients of IBD with elevated fecal calprotectin levels could be immunocompromised, it would be better to exclude COVID-19 infection prior to increasing immunosuppression. Also, there are no direct studies of fecal calprotectin in IBD patients infected with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350492-1s6wtj25 author = Ruscitti, Piero title = Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3728 sentences = 154 flesch = 29 summary = On these bases, we aimed to review the similarities between severe COVID-19 and diseases included in hyperferritinemic syndrome, from a pathogenic, clinical, and therapeutic point of view, thus proposing new insights to improve the management of those patients. In addition, it has been shown that increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, IP-10, and MCP1, were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in SARS patients (25) , thus suggesting a further pathogenic loop in inducing the cytokine storm. The final result is the uncontrolled proliferation of activated immune cells, the massive production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and the development of cytokine storm syndrome, either in severe COVID-19 or SJIA. Considering the lack of efficacy of antiviral therapy for severe coronavirus infection, it is reasonable to postulate the clinical usefulness of specific immunomodulatory therapies (Figure 1) , as observed for other diseases included in hyperferritinemic syndrome such as intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) and tocilizumab, the humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor (7). cache = ./cache/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350468-32qin4ak author = Song, Cong-Ying title = Immune dysfunction following COVID-19, especially in severe patients date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2958 sentences = 177 flesch = 55 summary = Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4(+) cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were risk factors for severe cases. Afterward, the CD4 + cell count (P = 0.015), NLR (P = 0.032) and D-dimer (P = 0.016) were considered the independent risk factors of the severe COVID-19 cases (Table 3) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ To evaluate the predictive value of CT score, CPIS, and three independent risk factors, the ROC curve analysis was performed (Fig. 7) . In our study, we compared clinical characteristics between healthy people and COVID-19 patients, and then compared these features between severe and mild cases. Parameters including CD4 + T cell count, NLR, and D-dimer, CT score, and CPIS had quite great value for predicting disease severity, which could be considered in early warning of severe patients. Several studies have shown that severe SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have a higher NLR 11, 12 , an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients 13 . cache = ./cache/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350589-h6hotlqk author = Cieszanowski, Andrzej title = Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies – recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3423 sentences = 266 flesch = 54 summary = Knowledge on the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, as well as on the management of infected patients, remain new issues. 7. Indications for imaging studies in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Personnel receive mandatory training in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) [8] -especially the removal of masks, goggles, face shields, gowns, and aprons. • A patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus awaiting examination does not leave a designated area of the RD waiting room [8] . Personal protective equipment for staff in contact with patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Chest X-ray CXR with a portable X-ray machine is recommended as the first and primary imaging study, offering adequate lung assessment in the majority of cases, while making transit of the contagious patient within the hospital unnecessary. Staff of an RD examining a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection must be provided with adequate PPE cache = ./cache/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author = Bai, Li title = Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5447 sentences = 308 flesch = 42 summary = 14 We aimed to apply the COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology to conduct clinical work during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for outpatients, and quality control (QC) will assist the diagnosis and treatment, and achieve early identification, isolation, and treatment of patients with COVID-19. According to the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)," a patient with the positive nucleic acid testing of 2019 nCoV is considered the confirmed case. Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonia 14 nCapp automatically generates treatment recommendations in accordance with the guidelines of the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)". Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with severe pneumonia nCapp automatically generates a prompt treatment recommendations in accordance with the 'Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)'. cache = ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350540-s6is9ndm author = Pinto, Rogério M. title = COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2028 sentences = 100 flesch = 49 summary = title: COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers Community-based organizations (CBOs) employ frontline service providers-social workers, health educators, navigators-to help (1) individuals of unknown HIV status access testing; (2) those at high-risk for HIV but who test negative to access physicians who can prescribe PrEP; Nonetheless, community-engaged research suggests that, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these frontline providers had not been consistent in how often or in how they linked clients to care continuum services. Providers having day-to-day interactions with clients in primary care, outpatient, and prevention settings are poised to help PLWH and vulnerable individuals overcome HIV-related stigma, PrEP stigma, inadequate health insurance, and can help improve HIV testing rates [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . cache = ./cache/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350614-4umq61rf author = Freeman, Phyllis title = Richard Horton. The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What’s gone wrong and how to stop it happening again: Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2020. pp 133, Paperback $14.95USD, ISBN-13:978-1-5095-4645-9 and 13:978-1-5095-4645-9 (pb) date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1299 sentences = 70 flesch = 60 summary = Launching into the terms of debate, he ponders: If COVID-19 represents the greatest failure of Western democracies since World War II, what should governments learn from it and how do we need future ones to act? 85-86; 103)-en route to a more philosophic discussion and listing of questions about how humans view the role of societies in handling uncertainty, risk, wealth, knowledge, deprivation, and differences among us in characteristics and values-and how western societies need urgently to find a way to balance "liberty and scrutiny" (think about 'surveillance') in managing their people. We need to add to those discussions all we learn as COVID-19 damage to people and societies intensifies, disables populations across the globe that are, theoretically, less prepared to cope than the Western democracies-with their economic and many health resources, if not the wisdom nor the will. cache = ./cache/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350450-43v36b2s author = Jakhar, Deepak title = Dermoscopy Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by SIG Dermoscopy (IADVL Academy) date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 839 sentences = 58 flesch = 54 summary = • Disposable dermoscopic lens cover: provided with most dermatoscopes now-a-days • Plastic bottle cap: a disposable plastic bottle cap fitting the size of the dermatoscope may be used [10] • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) food wrap: a PVC film is placed (with or without mineral oil on both sides of it) between the dermatoscope lens and the lesion [11] • Transparent adhesive tape: after placing the immersion fluid, a transparent adhesive tape is applied to assist contact dermoscopy [10] • Microscopic glass slide: a glass slide can be placed over the lesion in front of the dermatoscope [8] • Polyethylene tube for mucoscopy: a disposable polyethylene tube can be used with a USB dermatoscope for performing mucoscopy [12] • Car phone holder for oculoscopy. Postdermoscopy, especially in COVID-19 suspected cases, the dermatoscope and all other surfaces exposed to the patients should be cleaned with 60-90% isopropyl alcohol. cache = ./cache/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350679-69lv4wbz author = Shinde, Rajesh S. title = To Do or Not to Do?—A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3474 sentences = 176 flesch = 44 summary = In the absence of actual data on cancer surgery care during this pandemic, clinical decisions should be based on careful consideration of disease-related and patient-related factors. As cancer surgeries involve significant healthcare resources in terms of infrastructure, intensive care unit beds, blood products and manpower, surgical oncologists face a dilemma regarding the triage of surgical patients during this period of uncertainty. A particular concern for a cancer surgeon is to weigh the risk of deferring cancer surgery versus the risk of COVID-19 exposure and infection to patients as well as health care providers. Smoking, one of the commonest risk factors in lung cancer, has not been independently shown to affect the mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patient; however, pre-existing chronic obstructive lung disease is associated with increased mortality [4] . Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350648-y0ufxwhq author = Bahn, Geon Ho title = Coronavirus Disease 2019, School Closures, and Children’s Mental Health date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3945 sentences = 181 flesch = 48 summary = The author briefly reviewed the existing literature on the mental health aspects of disasters and presents the issues related to school closures due to pandemics, from medical and socioeconomic perspectives and in terms of children's mental health. The results of this review suggest that research on children's mental health in relation to the adoption of school closures as a pandemic mitigation strategy is urgently needed. Although an examination of all obstacles and possible solutions may not be possible at the moment, this study reviewed the existing literature for methods (even temporary or incomplete ones) to address children's mental health issues that are related to the COVID-19 outbreak and resultant school closures. Three topics regarding children's mental health and school closures were examined in order to support children's development during and after the COVID-19 outbreak: fear management, misinformation control, and strengthening resilience (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350636-ufwfitue author = Shumilov, Evgenii title = Comparison of Chest Ultrasound and Standard X-Ray Imaging in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2368 sentences = 137 flesch = 49 summary = We aimed to investigate patterns of ChUS in COVID-19 patients and compare the findings with results from chest X-ray (CRX). We aimed to investigate patterns of ChUS in COVID-19 patients and compare the findings with results from chest X-ray (CRX). Besides pathological B-lines and subpleural consolidations, pleural line abnormality (89 %; n = 16/18) was the third most common feature in patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 detected by ChUS. Besides pathological B-lines and subpleural consolidations, pleural line abnormality (89 %; n = 16/18) was the third most common feature in patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 detected by ChUS. A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound cache = ./cache/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350618-rtilfnzi author = Lambelet, Valentine title = Sars‐CoV‐2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7287 sentences = 452 flesch = 50 summary = College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), pregnant women with moderate symptoms should self-isolate, unless they attend a maternity unit where patients in the 2 nd or 3 rd trimester meeting PHE criteria ( ≥ 1 of: (1) Clinical/radiological evidence of pneumonia, (2) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), (3) Fever ≥37.8 and at least one of acute persistent cough, hoarseness, nasal discharge/congestion, shortness of breath, sore throat, wheezing or sneezing) should be tested for COVID-19 and treated as infected until results are available. Past coronavirus epidemics were associated with adverse outcomes for the fetus and/or newborns including miscarriages (57%), preterm birth, fetal distress and FGR with SARS-CoV-1 infection during the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters. In this review, we found that of 142 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancy, 28% experienced preterm birth and 14% had adverse fetal/neonata l outcomes (FGR, fetal/neonatal demise, severe symptoms at birth). cache = ./cache/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350639-iguadmw1 author = Padlina, G title = Secondary Cerebrovascular Prevention in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2545 sentences = 160 flesch = 44 summary = To approach the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and secondary cerebrovascular prevention: CONCLUSION: We recommend: (1) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, patients need to seek urgent medical attention in case of any acute cerebrovascular event. Rapid secondary prevention includes investigation and therapy of cerebrovascular event aetiology, prescription of medications, treatment of vascular risk factors, and adaptations of lifestyle. Older patients and/or those with a vascular risk factor profile-especially those with previous vascular events, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or obesity-have been demonstrated to have a considerable risk to be infected with COVID-19 and to present with severe disease, needing intensive care admission and showing poor outcome [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . (1) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, patients need to seek urgent medical attention in case of any acute cerebrovascular event. cache = ./cache/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350594-0zxq4lxc author = Patel, Ishan title = Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1826 sentences = 100 flesch = 40 summary = title: Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of a COVID-19 patient treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in psoas hematoma due to lumbar artery bleeding. Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COV-ID-19) are at increased risk of developing hypercoagulable state as evidenced clinically by stroke in young patients as well as laboratory investigations like elevated D-dimer levels warranting therapeutic anticoagulation [1] . To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to lumbar artery bleeding in a patient of COVID-19 being treated with enoxaparin, highlighting importance of judicious use of anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients as well as the need of prompt radiological investigation and treatment of bleeding. cache = ./cache/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350519-3h5ipcwn author = Paul, L. A. title = Characteristics associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5183 sentences = 291 flesch = 54 summary = From adjusted logistic models, we observed increased odds of any household transmission with longer testing delays for the index case compared to 0-day (i.e., the individual was tested on the same day as their symptom onset) testing delays (ORs: 1-day delay=2·02, 2-day delay=1·96, 3-day delay=2·36, 4-day delay=2·64, ≥5-day delay=3·02) (Figure 3 , Supplementary Table S4 ). In this retrospective study of 26,152 confirmed cases of COVID-19 residing in 21,226 private households, we found that longer testing delays and male sex were associated with greater odds of household secondary transmission, while being a healthcare worker or linked to a known outbreak was associated with lower odds of household transmission. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between index case delay metrics and odds of household transmission 269 cases were excluded from the testing delay models that had COVID-19 symptoms flagged in provincial reportable disease systems but were missing symptom onset date. cache = ./cache/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350529-yqtu059x author = Evans, Samantha title = Implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1927 sentences = 113 flesch = 49 summary = INTRODUCTION: This report summarises the early experience of implementing elective colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic METHODS: A pathway to minimize the risk of including COVID‐19 positive patients for elective surgery was established. The safe implementation of colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to restriction [i.e. hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) beds], staff shortages (i.e. anaesthetists, ICU personnel), health and safety of the operating room team members, and the concerns of postoperative COVID-19-associated complications and mortality (1) . To maximise the accuracy of testing, multiple test methods were employed: 1) during a telephone clinic patients were asked about any COVID-19 related symptoms, 2) asymptomatic patients were swabbed for PCR testing in a dedicated clinic room through a separate entrance from the main hospital, 3) the day before the planned operation a CT thorax was performed at the independent radiology institute. cache = ./cache/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350784-v8n44lwa author = Walker, J. L. title = UK prevalence of underlying conditions which increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: a point prevalence study using electronic health records date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5235 sentences = 273 flesch = 51 summary = Findings On 5 March 2019, 24.4% of the UK population were at risk due to a record of at least one underlying health condition, including 8.3% of school-aged children, 19.6% of working-aged adults, and 66.2% of individuals aged 70 years or more. This study aimed to quantify the size, composition, and distribution of the population at risk of severe COVID-19 across the UK in March 2019, using electronic health records to define at-risk status based on all underlying conditions in national guidance. We conducted a point prevalence study among the UK general population using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD dataset, an anonymised sample of electronic health records from primary care practices across the UK. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. cache = ./cache/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350460-80eu9b9c author = Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal title = COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2207 sentences = 115 flesch = 45 summary = title: COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings With a limited number of publicly available COVID-19 chest X-ray images, the generalization and robustness of deep learning models to detect COVID-19 cases developed based on these images are questionable. We used a deep learning model based on the ResNet-101 convolutional neural network architecture, which was pretrained to recognize objects from a million of images and then retrained to detect abnormality in chest X-ray images. With the recent opacity-related finding as an important characteristic in COVID-19 patients, this research is aimed at developing a deep learning model for the prediction of COVID-19 cases based on an existing pretrained model which was then retrained using adjudicated data set to recognize images with airspace opacity, an abnormality associated with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350622-8tgxdbyi author = Palit, Partha title = Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5083 sentences = 206 flesch = 37 summary = Hence, this strategy may limit life-threatening Covid-19 infection and its mortality rate through nano-suspension based intra-nasal or oral nebulizer spray, to treat mild to moderate SARS-COV-2 infection, when Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor may initiate to express and activate for processing the virus to cause cellular infection by replication within the host cell. Drug particle formulated as a harmonious combination of cocktail receptor inhibitors at optimal and pharmacologically relevant dose could block the host cell receptor Furin, and TMPRSS2 receptor located in the target organs like esophagus, lungs, as well as in colon, liver, heart, kidneys, intestine and pancreas to prevent the entry of the SARS-CoV-2. Hence, some selected lead phytopharmaceuticals can primarily be focused on anti-COVID-19 drug discovery and development as mentioned in Table 1 and Table 2 based on their anti-viral activity reported against influenza, HIV, and other RNA viruses through host cell surface receptors ACE2, Furin and TMPRSS2 blocking action. cache = ./cache/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350660-12ienbdx author = Huang, Wei title = Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2267 sentences = 141 flesch = 48 summary = 4, 5 To obtain a clearer picture of this emerging data, we performed a meta-analysis of studies that included measurement of lymphocyte subset counts and disease severity in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] These publications compared the results of peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts in patients with mild/moderate disease to those with severe/critical disease hospitalized in China with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The 20 publications selected for meta-analysis included a total of 3017 subjects with CD4+ cell counts where 2311 were classified as "Mild/Moderate" (76.6%) and 706 were classified as "Severe/Critical" reported. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the Mild/Moderate and Severe/Critical groups for total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, CD19+ B cell and CD16+CD56+ NK cell counts. cache = ./cache/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350842-4m82l5t8 author = Xing, Jun title = Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3219 sentences = 150 flesch = 47 summary = Factors affecting the mental health and status of medical personnel based on their significance from high to low are: the degree of suspicion that they were infected when the novel coronavirusrelated symptoms occurred, the level of concern whether they and their family members have been infected, age, whether they have supported in affected areas in Hubei Province, designated hospitals, and other places for the novel coronavirus, and whether family members support them working on the front line (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel based on the significance from high to low are: the degree of suspicion that they were infected when the novel coronavirus-related symptoms occurred, the level of concern whether they and their family members have been infected, age, whether they have supported in affected areas in Hubei Province, designated hospitals, and other places for the novel coronavirus, and whether their family members support them working on the front line. cache = ./cache/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350941-hlx60qyr author = Pang, Peng title = 51.22 USING TELEPHONIC FOLLOW-UP TO ASSESS ADOLESCENT FUNCTIONING DURING THE COVID-19 SHUTDOWN IN HENAN, CHINA date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1772 sentences = 97 flesch = 53 summary = The sample (n ¼303; 79% female; 8.8% Hispanic; M age ¼ 20.9 years) completed a series of online selfreport measures, assessing for current levels of depression, the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the use of acceptance. Methods: The current study used self-report online measures to explore the relationship between COVID-19 life disruptions and anxiety severity in a sample of individuals aged 18 to 25 years (n ¼ 353; M age ¼ 21 years; 79% female; 95% college student). A logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the likelihood of an individual having moderate-to-severe anxiety based on the number of life disruptions (eg, loss of employment, contracting COVID-19, difficulties accessing basic needs) they have experienced. Given that the 3 life disruptions have been found to be significant predictors of anxiety, educational institutions should consider methods to ensure that students have access to basic needs and utilize strategies to enhance remote learning endeavors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350714-zfprrxt4 author = Yao, Ye title = Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1673 sentences = 96 flesch = 53 summary = This study aimed to investigate the associations between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities, including the epicenter of Wuhan. Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been reported to increase the risks of mortality and morbidity from cardiopulmonary diseases worldwide (Atkinson et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2017; Samet et al., 2000; Samoli et al., 2005) , with higher likelihood of adverse effects among elderly or people with underlying medical conditions (Zeka et al., 2006) ; elderly and people with underlying medical conditions also experienced higher fatality from COVID-19 Pan et al., 2020) . To date, few studies have estimated and quantified the effects of air pollutants on case fatality rate (CFR) from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350859-0khu9mz3 author = Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini title = Increasing molecular diagnostic capacity and COVID-19 incidence in Brazil date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1673 sentences = 82 flesch = 43 summary = With that in mind, we studied the increase in COVID-19 molecular diagnostic capacity of public health laboratories in different regions in Brazil. Therefore, we searched the epidemiological bulletins provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (available at https://covid.saude.gov.br/) for the weekly incidence of laboratoryconfirmed cases; and the Union Official Diary (a daily publication of the Federal Government official decrees, available at https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/diarios/DOU/) to identify new certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Panel A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, whereas panel B shows the rate of incidence of laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 by epidemiological week, both in a Joinpoint Regression analysis (per 100 000 inhabitants). Section A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, in a Joinpoint Regression analyzes. cache = ./cache/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350700-cmwy5we8 author = Ahmed, M. title = Optimizing breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1509 sentences = 73 flesch = 39 summary = These issues are best addressed through the application of currently available medical technology and enhanced training in advanced oncoplastic techniques, which extend the limits of breast conservation. However, the logistical issues of operating in a remote hub away from a surgeon's base hospital in turn poses potential challenges-particularly to breast cancer surgery. There currently are 3 CE-marked radioisotope-independent seed localization technologies (Magseed-Endomag, Cambridge, UK; Localizer-Hologic, MA, USA; Savi Scout-Cianna Medical, Aliso Viejo, USA) and all could potentially be placed into any suspicious lesion at the time of core-biopsy and should the lesion be confirmed as requiring excision, the patient would not require a further localization procedure prior to definitive surgery. This has meant a situation has been created whereby more locally advanced cancers are potentially going to warrant more radical treatment in terms of mastectomy and less of an opportunity for breast conservation than if PST was available. cache = ./cache/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350767-6kc4hyzo author = Beh, Darius L L title = The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2467 sentences = 163 flesch = 57 summary = title: The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 As Infectious Diseases fellows, this has come straight into the heart of our specialty and created a unique impact on our training progress and perspective. On January 23 rd 2020, Singapore confirmed its first case of COVID-19, and by February 7 th we moved to a heightened disease outbreak response level emphasizing the urgency of pandemic readiness [8] . As we mark 3 months of our fellowship in the COVID-19 era, we reflect on our experiences and the unique impact of this pandemic on ID fellows. The emergent need for new policies and workflows in the hospital has provided a unique opportunity for us to have a seat at the table and have a say in the development and implementation of infection control policies and clinical operational workflows. The unknown nature of an emerging infectious disease meant that both attendings and fellows were on similar learning curves, redefining the mentor-mentee dynamic. cache = ./cache/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350919-by4zwniq author = Chowdhuri, Indrajit title = Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2697 sentences = 147 flesch = 62 summary = The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM10), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. On the other hand, the concentration of NO 2 on the troposphere has a major effect on J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Although different studies have included a lockdown impact on improving air quality in urban areas, changes in air quality and air pollutants and the impact on the climate of microregions such as megacities have not yet been discussed. And to compare the pre-monsoon cloud-lightning activities affecting these air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown period and some pre-lockdown periods in the Kolkata megacity area. cache = ./cache/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350821-0qfoc553 author = Jahromi, Reza title = Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1941 sentences = 113 flesch = 46 summary = title: Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 In this study, we present the effect of surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency in sanitizing fluids. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), and two commercial dish soap and liquid hand soap were studied with the goal of evaporation rate reduction in sanitizing liquids to maximize surface contact time. Twelve fluids with different recipes composed of ethanol, isopropanol, SDBS, SLS, glycerin, and water of standardized hardness (WSH) were tested for their evaporation time and virucidal efficiency. Twelve sanitizing fluids with different recipes, as shown in Table 1 , were prepared to examine the effect of individual components and mixtures on evaporation rate and SARS-CoV-2 virucidal efficiency of the solutions. Furthermore, the addition of 3% dish soap to the ethanol solution (S1) increased the evaporation time by about 63% from 24 to 39 s (of fluid S9), as shown in Figure 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350655-04dq9b4r author = Ulas, T. title = Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7912 sentences = 442 flesch = 53 summary = Based on previous experience with other infectious diseases (20-26), we hypothesized that whole blood 95 transcriptomes should allow us to 1) determine immune cellular characteristics and functions in COVID-19 96 patients, 2) reveal heterogeneous molecular phenotypes of patients with similar clinical presentation, 3) 97 define commonalities and differences of COVID-19 in comparison to other inflammatory conditions and 4) 98 predict potential drug repurposing that might counteract observed immune dysregulations. However, comparison of this clinical parameter-173 based grouping of the COVID-19 patients did not match the transcriptional variability observed in the data 174 either (Fig. 1I) , arguing that additional molecular parameters must exist that better define the blood 175 transcriptome structure and thereby more accurately dissect heterogeneity of the clinical manifestation of 176 177 178 Co-expression analysis discloses COVID-19 subgroups with distinct molecular signatures 179 Classical approaches to analyze the transcriptome data by using differential gene expression analysis 180 based on sample groups defined by a selection of clinical parameters precluded dissection of the 181 heterogeneity of the host immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is evident in the high-182 parameter space of the transcriptome (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350904-wyg8ikph author = Gubernatorova, E.O. title = IL-6: relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8298 sentences = 410 flesch = 35 summary = In turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection of recruited immune cells may increase their apoptosis and exacerbate lymphocytosis [32, 33] , and, finally, may lead in some patients to life-threatening conditions, such as respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Interestingly, patients requiring intensive care and invasive lung ventilation display negative correlation between IL-6, TNF and IL-1b concentrations and CD4 + and CD8 + T cell counts [75] , confirming previous studies in animal models, which suggested that cytokine storm actually dampens adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV infection [76] . Taking together, Angiotensin II accumulation due to SARS-CoV-2-mediated ACE2 downregulation may cause Angiotensin 1 receptor downstream activation of NADPH oxidase, which, in turn, leads to elevated ROS production and to induction of transcriptional mechanisms that directly promote IL-6 expression, implicated in inflammation-induced injury and immunopathology. cache = ./cache/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350946-o8eohq9h author = van Buuren, Asia title = “COVID-19 as the equalizer”: Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 868 sentences = 64 flesch = 53 summary = Over time, as more people noticed how COVID-19 highlighted structural inequity, the societal discourse shifted. 12, 13 This shift in discourse from COVID-19 as an equalizer, to more recently, COVID-19 as exacerbating structural inequity, warrants exploration as it has potential to unearth unique vulnerabilities faced by populations in this pandemic. In this work, we will examine: 1) the discourse(s) that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that highlight population-level inequities, and 2) the implications these discourses have for medical education, the learning environment, and the care patients receive from medical trainees. The archive will be analysed for patterns of how COVID-19 has highlighted, reinforced, or dismantled structural inequity at the population level, emphasizing implications for medical education and learners. As the dialogue shifts from COVID-19's universality to the recognition of the critical impact of structural inequities, a CDA analysis will allow an understanding of the implications for medical learners of normalizing and enhancing teaching surrounding these issues. cache = ./cache/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350823-6pmvftgk author = Chirove, F. title = A model assessing potential benefits of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19: the case of Nigeria date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5515 sentences = 345 flesch = 56 summary = Results from simulations revealed that an increase in mass testing and reduction of transmission from isolated individuals are associated with benefits of increasing detected cases, lowering peaks of symptomatic cases, increase in self-isolating cases, decrease in cumulative deaths and decrease in admissions into monitored isolation facilities in the case of Nigeria Our study seeks to assess the potential impact of isolation and mass testing of the population on the transmission of COVID-19 in Nigeria using mathematical modelling approach. Our current work on the dynamics of the novel COVID-19 virus in Nigeria uses a deterministic modelling approach to estimate the potential impact of self and mandatory isolation, and mass testing. We present simulations to assess the potential impact of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19 by fitting the model to cumulative cases in Nigeria. cache = ./cache/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350992-l6l24pco author = Roldan, Eugenia Quiros title = The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8037 sentences = 393 flesch = 40 summary = Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. We also propose a different insight into some of CQ and HCQ effects, suggesting a potential role of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19), similarly to several other human viral infections [2] [3] [4] . The search strategy was to use different search terms alone and in any combination, such as "Sars-Cov-2 disease", "COVID-19", "Sars-Cov-2", "coronavirus", "clinical trial", "treatment", "drug", "chloroquine", "hydroxychloroquine", "iron", "virus", "viral entry", "viral spread", "anti-viral activity", "infection", "inflammation", "immunity", "innate immunity", "cytokine", "IL-6", "TNF-", "IL-1", "adaptive immunity", "thrombosis", "in vitro". cache = ./cache/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350935-p6euuop3 author = Doğan, Tunca title = CROssBAR: Comprehensive Resource of Biomedical Relations with Deep Learning Applications and Knowledge Graph Representations date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7066 sentences = 298 flesch = 45 summary = We aimed to address this issue by constructing a new biological and biomedical data resource, CROssBAR, a comprehensive system that integrates large-scale biomedical data from various resources and store them in a new NoSQL database, enrich these data with deep-learning-based prediction of relations between numerous biomedical entities, rigorously analyse the enriched data to obtain biologically meaningful modules and display them to users via easy-to-interpret, interactive and heterogenous knowledge graph (KG) representations within an open access, user-friendly and online web-service at https://crossbar.kansil.org. In this project, we aimed to address the current shortcomings by developing a comprehensive open access biomedical system entitled CROssBAR via integrating various biological databases to each other, inferring the missing relations between existing data points, and constructing informative knowledge graphs based on specific biomedical components/terms such as a disease/phenotype, biological process, gene/protein and drug/compound, or specific combinations of them. cache = ./cache/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350817-tmszrtju author = Hoepel, Willianne title = Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5626 sentences = 296 flesch = 47 summary = Here, we show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induces a hyper-inflammatory response by human macrophages, which subsequently breaks pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induces microvascular thrombosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that anti-Spike IgG immune complexes generated from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induce a strong pro-inflammatory response by (otherwise immunosuppressive) human M2 macrophages, which is characterized by high production of classical cytokine storm mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. As shown in Figure 4A , the used human macrophage model highly expressed all FcγRs. To determine whether FcγRs are involved in activation by anti-Spike immune complexes, we blocked the different FcγRs with specific antibodies during stimulation, and analyzed cytokine production. In conclusion, our data show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients strongly amplifies pro-inflammatory responses by human macrophages, and can contribute to subsequent endothelial barrier disruption and thrombosis. cache = ./cache/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350990-tywbe4o2 author = Checchi, Vittorio title = COVID‐19 dentistry‐related aspects: a literature overview date = 2020-07-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3715 sentences = 168 flesch = 43 summary = The terms used for the identification of keywords were: COVID-19, 2019-nCov, Sars-CoV-2, COVID-19 transmission, Coronavirus pneumonia, Coronavirus infection, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Atmospheric contamination, Droplets, Aerosol, PPE/DPI, COVID-19 guidelines, Airborne contamination, Masks and respirators, and COVID-19 dental-related aspects. Therefore, dental procedures can be considered as one of the most probable causes of Sars-CoV-2 infection because such procedures require close proximity to the patient's mouth, possess a risk of contact with saliva, blood and other biological fluids and involve the use of instrumentation that creates large aerosols 4, 19, 20 . Moreover Sars-CoV-2 demonstrates persistent adherence, for a maximum of 9 days, to various surfaces 1, 21 ; therefore, all surfaces and instruments in a dental clinic should be considered as potential sources of virus transmission because infected droplets from saliva or aerosols could land on any exposed surface 16, 19, 22 . cache = ./cache/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351017-yntcwq9t author = Li, Xuelian title = COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2242 sentences = 139 flesch = 53 summary = Results suggest that the seriousness degree of the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation enhance the optimal guaranteed rate and the board's utility. We extend the reports by examining the impacts of the COVID-19 and capital regulation on the insurer's optimal guaranteed rate and the board's utility, which imply possible interest conflicts between the insurer and its board. Third, we consider the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation on the optimal guaranteed rate-setting behavior and the board utility, possibly revealing conflicts of incentives. In Table 4 , we show that the more serious COVID-19 outbreak directly enhances the board's utility, holding the optimal guaranteed rate constant, since the increased equity risk is insufficient to offset the increased equity return. Results suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation increase insurance businesses at increased optimal guaranteed rates and enhance the board's utility. cache = ./cache/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351031-e8suoeim author = Liang En Ian, Wee title = Containing COVID-19 outside the isolation ward: the impact of an infection control bundle on environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4123 sentences = 206 flesch = 45 summary = In these general wards, termed as respiratory surveillance wards (RSWs), an infection control bundle was implemented comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved personal-protective-equipment (PPE), and social distancing between patients, in order to mitigate the risk of a potential COVID-19 case initially admitted outside of an AIIR. The main finding of our study was that an infection control bundle comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved PPE and social distancing mitigated the risk of environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward setting. In conclusion, over a 3-month period, our institution implemented a bundle of interventions to reduce risk of intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19 in a multi-bedded cohorted general ward setting, through the implementation of an infection control bundle comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved PPE, and social distancing between patients. cache = ./cache/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350907-lazslqn0 author = Isik, Ahmet Turan title = Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 87 flesch = 55 summary = 1, 2 Regarding the severe course of the disease in the elderly, I would like to draw attention to some issues related to the diagnosis of Covid-19 infections in older patients. 2, 3 Older patients, especially frail ones with multiple comorbidities, may not show typical symptoms, such as fever, cough, chest discomfort, or excessive sputum production in pulmonary infections as much as young people do, and thus atypical presentations may be an important issue that causes delayed diagnosis of Covid-19 infections. 5, 11 In a study examining the cases in Wuhan, China, the origin of the infection, it was reported that the disease progresses more severely and even causes deaths, especially in older patients and individuals with chronic diseases. Furthermore, while Covid-19 is severe and fatal in older adults, evaluation of individuals over 65 years of age with a geriatrician's perspective is very important. cache = ./cache/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351022-8y43jhmu author = Schwartz, Carmela title = A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2902 sentences = 174 flesch = 59 summary = title: A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak Jerusalem and its surroundings is the area with the highest prevalence of COVID-19 patients in Israel (2) .Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of exposure to infected persons (3) , and concern aroused early in the course of the epidemic that a substantial number of HCWs might need to be suspended from work. After two weeks (on March 20), during which over 250 HCWs were sustained from work, the need A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 8 for home isolation was redefined according to the following principles: 1) if the index case was symptomatic at the time of exposure (e.g., fever or chills, respiratory symptoms, loss of smell or taste), all close contacts were sent to home isolation for 14 days following exposure date. cache = ./cache/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author = Mo, Yuanyuan title = Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3619 sentences = 185 flesch = 59 summary = AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the work stress load among Chinese nurses who support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors for the development of psychological interventions for Chinese nurses in order that they can adjust to public health emergencies. The results showed that whether the participants are the only child in their families, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors influencing the stress load of nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19, which can explain 52.1% of the total variation, as shown in Table 2 . cache = ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351056-5j8uh1yx author = Liu, Gaoli title = Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3382 sentences = 164 flesch = 54 summary = After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the risk group had significantly longer LOS, higher hospital expenses (except MNA-sf), poor appetite, heavier disease severity, and more weight change(kg) than normal patients by using NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI(P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in ALB, TP, weight loss, weight change, change in appetite, LOS, hospital expenses, and disease severity between normal group and nutritional risk group when NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI were used (P < 0.05) (Table 1) . The results of the present study show that patients with COVID-19 who classified as having a nutritional risk had significantly poorer clinical outcomes than those classified as normal following assessments by NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI. cache = ./cache/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350949-ystkjdwk author = Gao, Yi-jie title = Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4518 sentences = 274 flesch = 55 summary = The meta-analysis showed the following results: the incidence of severe case or death was 12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.20, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.006; the incidence of fever was 51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.67, I 2 = 89%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of cough was 31, 95% CI: 0.23-0.39, I 2 = 38%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of lymphopenia was 49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.70, I 2 = 83%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of positive CT findings was 71, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93, I 2 = 90%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of coexisting disorders was 33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.44, I 2 = 70%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of preterm labor was 23, 95% CI: 0.14-0.32, I 2 = 21%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of caesarean section was 65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.87, I 2 = 90%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of fetal distress was 29, 95% CI: 0.08-0.49, I 2 = 68%, P = 0.007; the incidence of neonatal asphyxia or neonatal death or stillbirth was 9, 95% CI: − 0.03-0.21, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.14; the incidence of neonatal infection was 12, 95% CI: − 0.01-0.26, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.06; and SARS-CoV-2 testing of breast milk was only mentioned in the study by Chen H (2020.2.12), and the incidence was 0, which cannot be calculated by metaanalysis. cache = ./cache/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351004-h6fde7vm author = Gudipati, Smitha title = Descriptive Analysis of Patients Living With HIV Affected by COVID-19 date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2472 sentences = 151 flesch = 54 summary = METHODS: This is a case series that included 14 PLWH with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were evaluated at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among PLWH cannot be fully ascertained by this report, it adds to the data that suggest that HIV-positive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at a greater risk of severe disease or death as compared to HIV-negative patients. This is a case series that included 14 PLWH who were evaluated in the Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) emergency department for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Our case series, the current published literature on HIV and SARS-CoV-2, and the published data from HFH on COVID-19 patients without known HIV supports the theory that there is not an excess morbidity and mortality among PLWH affected by COVID-19 compared with the general public. cache = ./cache/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author = Rashid, Sabina Faiz title = Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2147 sentences = 118 flesch = 57 summary = ► Responsive and timely research is needed to better understand the challenges faced by poor and vulnerable populations to inform immediate interventions and policies to address this unprecedented COVID-19 modern-day pandemic. ► In the context of COVID-19, the lockdown model is being imported from a different context (western or developed economies) with stronger economic bases and better social safety nets for those in need, but is there a better way forward for low resource contexts? While there is no easy solution or strategy, for Bangladesh and its high proportion of vulnerable populations, continuation of the shutdown has to be accompanied with strong political resolve to ensure that people do not go without food BMJ Global Health and have basic health information and support, given the grounded realities of their lives. cache = ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351038-k2m6woow author = Arun Krishnan, R. title = COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2895 sentences = 172 flesch = 50 summary = Currently the nucleic acid based polymerase chain reaction is used as the reliable diagnostic platform and antigen/antibody detection immunoassays are playing the role of screening tests for early detection and prognosis in COVID-19 treatment. The limitation of rRT-PCR to detect COVID-19 past infection and the progress of the disease, increases the importance of serological assays. Currently COVID-19 antigen LFIA test is under development which will offer more sensitive and specific result for COVID-19 diagnosis and will detect the viral antigen in 3 days of infection [22] . have developed an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibody from serum sample. The complexity, cost effectiveness and limitations of nucleic acid based diagnostic tools, impetus the innovative development of well standardized, high sensitive, specific and low cost serological assays for COVID-19 diagnosis. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoassay and colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay kit for detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) causing an outbreak of pneumonia (COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351085-t4rxu2hq author = Ortoleva, J. title = Intracranial Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on ECMO: Challenges and Future Directions date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 565 sentences = 50 flesch = 38 summary = 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is occasionally being used to support COVID-19 patients refractory to optimal mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blockade, prone positioning, and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators. [2] [3] [4] The extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) has been releasing a set of regularly updated statistics for confirmed and possible COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO. 5 Among the most concerning findings in this data set is the rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): reported to be 28 of 457 cases, or 6.1%. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America In-Hospital Neurologic Complications in Adult Patients Undergoing Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Results From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Neurologic Injury in Adults Supported With Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure: Findings From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Database Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cache = ./cache/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351092-b01o6f69 author = De Francesco, Maria A. title = Pneumocystis jirevocii and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: A Common Feature in Transplant Recipients? date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2229 sentences = 126 flesch = 39 summary = Here we describe, for the first time in Europe, a fatal case of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii in a kidney transplant recipient. Pneumocystis jirevocii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection affecting patients with cellular immunity defects due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections or iatrogenic immunosuppression [15, 16] . Here, we report the fatal case of a SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii co-infection in a kidney transplant recipient. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii reported in Europe in a kidney transplant recipient. Pneumocystis jirevocii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: Delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV infected individuals Acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection: Outcome and associated features Critical care management and outcome of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with and without HIV infection cache = ./cache/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351101-l8b2cv4z author = Uppuluri, Ellen M title = Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2167 sentences = 116 flesch = 44 summary = SUMMARY: Here we report development of a pulmonary embolism (PE) in a young patient without other VTE risk factors who was treated for COVID-19 in an emergency department (ED) and discharged home without VTE prophylaxis, which was consistent with current recommendations. 2, [5] [6] [7] In this article we report a case of pulmonary embolism (PE) in an ambulatory patient that developed 2 weeks after discharge from an emergency department (ED) following diagnosis of COVID-19 and treatment without DVT prophylaxis. Results were normal except for a slightly low serum sodium concentration (133 mEq/L), chloride Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis concentration (96 mmol/L), and absolute lymphocyte count (12,000/µL). [15] [16] [17] The results from these studies do not support the routine use of extended postdischarge thromboprophylaxis, and current guidelines do not recommend extended-duration outpatient VTE prophylaxis in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients, critically ill medical patients, or medical outpatients with minor risk factors for VTE, such as infection. cache = ./cache/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351142-g20f6bxc author = Kiaghadi, Amin title = Assessing COVID-19 risk, vulnerability and infection prevalence in communities date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6778 sentences = 313 flesch = 48 summary = A finer spatial resolution is important from a vulnerability and risk standpoint as demonstrated in a recent study that showed that the poorest neighborhoods in Houston, Texas, might be at a higher risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 [14] based on an analysis of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) underlying risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases [4] that include: asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and a history of heart attacks or strokes. In this study, we develop a rigorous planning tool at the census tract level that examines influential determinants of vulnerability to COVID-19 in 5 broad categories (with 46 variables) that include: 1) access to medical services, 2) underlying medical conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Fig 9A shows the normalized total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases as of August 16, 2020, in Harris County at the census tract level. cache = ./cache/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351040-j3ltpaa0 author = Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza title = Encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1388 sentences = 97 flesch = 52 summary = Herein, a 34-year-old patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement has been reported. Although the result of the COVID-19 test in CSF was negative, the patient was treated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 encephalitis. Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2 was negative in CSF, the patient was treated with a diagnosis of the encephalitis caused by COVID-19 due to the exclusion of other causes. Due to improving the neurological conditions, the patient was diagnosed with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) caused by COVID-19 (Hayashi et al. In addition to patients with encephalitis, the cases with encephalopathy are reported due to causes other than the direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we reported a patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement. Before developing COVID-19, the patient Fig. 1 a, b Brain MRI revealed multiple confluent lesions with gadolinium enhancements. cache = ./cache/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351116-jwy6k0ih author = O'Reilly, GM title = Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19: A multisite report from the COVED Quality Improvement Project for July 2020 (COVED‐3) date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3598 sentences = 222 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study in Australian EDs. This analysis presents data from eight sites across Victoria and Tasmania for July 2020 (during Australia's 'second wave'). 3 The objectives of this analysis (COVED-3), undertaken during the ‗second wave', were to explore the association between SARS-CoV-2 test result and mechanical ventilation and death in hospital and to identify clinical and epidemiological variables predictive of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. 12 These include history (age, sex, symptoms and duration of presenting complaint, epidemiological features, co-morbidities), findings on clinical examination, radiological and blood investigations, care provided in the ED and hospital (including commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation and ED disposition destination) and patient outcomes (including survival to discharge). In terms of clinical and epidemiological risk factors, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were more likely to report close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 or a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab result in the 14 days prior to their ED presentation. cache = ./cache/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351057-xrv3k1fo author = Alenazi, Thamer H. title = Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3969 sentences = 171 flesch = 49 summary = In a review of 14 studies of the psychological burden of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical hospital staff, significant stress and anxiety symptoms were reported by the surveyed staff [11] . Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and the main predictors for high anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed a large sample of HCWs working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated their level of anxiety during this time. Organizational factors that were related to increased anxiety levels were lack of regular communication and updates from the organization, insufficient and unsatisfactory quality of information about COVID-19, lack of access to COVID-19 testing for the staff, and lack of a crisis management plan; These findings are consistent with other studies looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs [16, 17] . cache = ./cache/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351129-lzzyn570 author = Lee, Jae-Hyun title = Management of Allergic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3416 sentences = 202 flesch = 46 summary = For allergic patients who have been followed up at an allergy clinic in our region, it is recommended that they (patients with asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria) continue to receive maintenance therapy and be in a well-controlled status. It was reported that none of the 140 patients who were hospitalized due to confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China had asthma or other allergic diseases such as AR, atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) mentioned that patients with common allergic conditions do not develop additional distinct symptoms or seem to be at increased risk of severe disease when infected with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351189-56am76lb author = Rosen, Melissa H title = Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2373 sentences = 136 flesch = 47 summary = As the patient was improving on steroids and given the rapidly increasing rate of COVID-19 infected patients at our institution, the decision was made to discharge the patient home on an oral prednisone taper on hospital day 5 with plans to start infliximab as an outpatient. Although intravenous steroids are the mainstay of treatment for acute severe UC in the hospitalized patient, the use of steroids in the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a risk of cleft lip or cleft palate. The necessity for guidance was addressed by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) in their publication, "Management of Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting." 9 The recommendation is to continue biologic therapy in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351246-0kjqrf06 author = Zahnd, Whitney E. title = The COVID‐19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 388 sentences = 37 flesch = 67 summary = In South Carolina, where black persons comprise 27% of the population, the percentage of COVID-19 cases and deaths among black persons was 38% and 46%, respectively, as of April 8. 5 The South, where 94% of black rural populations live, has the perfect storm of more lax "stay at home" and social distancing policies, higher rates of underlying conditions, and lack of access to health care services, inviting racial disparities in COVID-19 cases and deaths to be even more stark in rural communities. 6 Finally, most states that have yet to expand Dr. Fauci rightly notes that the coronavirus pandemic shines a bright light on racial disparities, but let us work and hope that the big city lights do not blind the world to both the persistent and emerging disparities experienced by rural black populations. Fauci say COVID-19 data sheds light on racial disparities in health care cache = ./cache/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351108-wfik975q author = Cherry, George title = Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3644 sentences = 210 flesch = 60 summary = We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases. We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America (USA) and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases using a self-developed software programme (Python). Summary of Spearman's rank correlation test outcomes for search interest in terms relating to anosmia and ageusia and new daily Covid-19 cases per million (both data as 7-day moving-mean) the table shows counts of regions within each country and result group. We have demonstrated that there is clear association between Google Trends search terms relating to loss of smell and taste and Covid-19 cases both on a regional, national, and international basis. cache = ./cache/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351187-kxouck2q author = Cothran, Thomas P. title = A Brewing Storm: The Neuropsychological Sequelae of Hyperinflammation due to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 706 sentences = 48 flesch = 30 summary = authors: Cothran, Thomas P.; Kellman, Suzanne; Singh, Shifali; Beck, Jonathan S.; Powell, Karina J.; Bolton, Corey J.; Tam, Joyce W. The goal of this letter is to highlight the importance of understanding and assessing potential COVID-19 neuropsychological sequelae that may result from the effects of hyperinflammation. For severe cases of COVID-19, the effects of cytokine storm syndrome, coagulation disorders, and hypoxia warrant special attention as potential direct and indirect causes of long-term cognitive impairment. Research efforts will need to consider possible iatrogenic complications, as treatments for COVID-19 symptoms, including medications, mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization, may have unanticipated, adverse effects on cognition. Severe COVID-19 infection triggers a complex inflammatory response that may result in cytokine storm syndrome, stroke, hypoxia, and/or delirium -each a threat to cognitive health. Meanwhile, screening for cognitive changes with possible referral to neuropsychology, monitoring of potential psychiatric symptoms, and recommending rehabilitation services as needed will likely be beneficial as patients continue to recover from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351280-13vz8rg8 author = Dubicka, Bernadka title = Editorial: How in the world are we handling COVID‐19? date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1454 sentences = 90 flesch = 54 summary = Instead of our planned debate series, we therefore commissioned a series of reflections on the impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health throughout the world. Instead of our planned debate series, we therefore commissioned a series of reflections on the impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health throughout the world. Children's mental health has not always been at the forefront of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in some parts of the world, the disparities between need and service provision are stark. The authors argue that building young people's resilience through the COVID-19 crisis should involve more than tracking their mental health or 'giving voice' to their experiences. Debate: Recognising and responding to the mental health needs of young people in the era of COVID-19 Debate: Emergency mental health presentations of young people during the COVID-19 lockdown cache = ./cache/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351369-ugba8uah author = Gao, Wenqi title = A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1417 sentences = 109 flesch = 64 summary = title: A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 We reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with coronavirus disease 2019 . The nucleic acid test of pharyngeal swab showed positive, and the results of serum IgM and IgG antibody (colloidal gold method) were weak positive and strong positive, respectively, suggesting that the pregnant woman might be an asymptomatic infection case of COVID-19. On March 9, 2020 the nucleic acid test of neonatal COVID-19 pharyngeal swab was negative, however, and serum COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were normal and strong positive, respectively. Here, we reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19. Here, we reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351340-7y19ystp author = Rao, Gundu H. R. title = Coronavirus Disease and Acute Vascular Events date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 140 flesch = 43 summary = 3 On the other hand, in a study performed in COVID-19 patients in New York, with observed ST-segment elevated myocardial infraction, 64% had normal D-dimer levels according to Dr Bangalore and associates from the New York University Grossman School of Medicine. At the time of admission, COVID-19 patients reported as having at least 1 acute comorbidity: diabetes (10%-20%), hypertension (10%-15%), or other CVD and cerebrovascular diseases (7%-40%). 12 In a seminal article by Bikdeli et al, endorsed by multiple specialty societies, the authors summarize their findings in the following way: "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may predispose patients to thrombotic disease, both in the venous and arterial circulations, due to excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. Elevated plasmin(ogen) seems to be a common biomarker in people with hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and cerebrovascular diseases, who are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351348-lzo0dz7z author = Gu, Silan title = Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1994 sentences = 147 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 COVID-19 patients, 24 influenza A (H1N1) patients, and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V3-V4 region sequencing. Previous studies indicated that the intestinal flora was closely related to respiratory virus infection and could affect the occurrence and development of diseases through the gut-lung axis [13] . The analysis of group similarities indicated that differences in richness, diversity, A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t and structure of the gut microbiota were not significantly different between general and severe COVID-19 patients (ANOSIM, p=0.426; Supplementary Figure S1 ), indicating that the experimental design was adequate. The gut microbiota signature of COVID-19 and H1N1 patients was analyzed to assess correlations between disease characteristics and the microbiome. cache = ./cache/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351407-7vx9lzi0 author = Mehta, Puja title = JAK inhibitors in COVID-19: need for vigilance regarding increased inherent thrombotic risk date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1249 sentences = 62 flesch = 32 summary = recently reported a cohort study of 137 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which retrospective review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans demonstrated a cumulative incidence of pulmonary emboli (PE) of 24% overall and 50% in intensive care [2]. We recommend vigilance to the potentially increased thrombotic risk associated with JAKi, given the hypercoagulability of COVID-19 and our recent thromboprophylaxis recommendations for all hospitalised patients with COVID-19 [7]. Bompard et al recently reported a cohort study of 137 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which retrospective review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans demonstrated a cumulative incidence of pulmonary emboli (PE) of 24% overall and 50% in intensive care 2 . Impact of Janus kinase inhibitors on risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials cache = ./cache/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351184-kcc3p3ow author = Dotters-Katz, Sarah K. title = Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3819 sentences = 246 flesch = 51 summary = Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. In this review, we will discuss the available evidence related to COVID-19 surrounding pregnancy, then discuss management considerations for infected pregnant women (and those who are persons under investigation), as well as noninfected pregnant women, during this time. The report from China by the World Health Organization included 147 pregnant women, 8% of whom developed severe disease (defined as respiratory rate >30 or oxygen saturation <93%), and 1% developed critical infection (defined as need for mechanical ventilation or other system failure and ICU admission). Though, based on limited data, COVID-19 does not appear to be associated with worse outcomes in pregnant women than in the general population, many challenges still exist for the obstetric care provider. Infected, but otherwise low-risk pregnant women with mild disease do not need clinical assessment, and may be tested based on local practices. cache = ./cache/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351430-bpv7p7zo author = Pequeno, Pedro title = Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4780 sentences = 222 flesch = 47 summary = Further, we considered the following predictors: (1) time in days, to account for the exponential growth in case numbers during this period (Fig. 2) ; (2) number of arriving flights in the city's metropolitan area in 2020, as airline connections can facilitate the spread of the virus (Ribeiro et al., 2020) ; (3) city population density, to account for facilitation of transmission under higher densities (Poole, 2020) ; (4) proportion of elderly people (≥60 years old) in the population, assuming that the elderly may be more likely to show severe symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and, thus, to be diagnosed with COVID-19; (5) citizen mean income, which may affect the likelihood of people being infected by the virus, for example, due to limited access to basic sanitation or limited social isolation capabilities; (6) and the following meteorological variables: mean daily temperature ( C), mean daily solar radiation (kJ/m 2 ), mean daily relative humidity (%) and mean daily precipitation (mm). cache = ./cache/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351166-0pajmek3 author = Kligerman, Maxwell P. title = Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1474 sentences = 93 flesch = 55 summary = title: Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Lowand Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). This commentary highlights some of the challenges faced by otolaryngologists in LMICs and draws on the personal experience of the authors to suggest future directions for collaboration and risk mitigation. [13] Therefore, when otolaryngologists interact with their patients, their number of secondary contacts and COVID-19 exposure risk is likely much greater when compared to their colleagues in HICs. Misunderstanding and fears amongst the general population in some LMICs, has also led to skepticism over the virus and in some unfortunate instances even violence or protests directed against healthcare providers. The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists and their patients, particularly in LMICs. While the situation and recommendations are constantly changing, it will be J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cache = ./cache/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351446-j4ambec5 author = Sinonquel, P. title = COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: what should be taken into account? date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2673 sentences = 178 flesch = 51 summary = With this report we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high‐quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic. [6] SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads via droplets and aerosols, and indirectly by contact with contaminated surfaces which implies the absolute need of personal protective equipment (PPE) for both patients and health care workers/professionals, especially those operating in the aero-digestive tract. The aim of this report is to provide a practical guide for the protective management when performing endoscopic/endoluminal procedures of the GI tract in emergency, ambulatory or hospitalized patients, based upon the current available information worldwide and local experience in our tertiary university hospital. Before any procedure can be performed, the patient should wear a surgical mask and should be questioned about contact with COVID-19 positive individuals and recent or present symptoms like fever, cough and dyspnea, rhinitis, sudden loss of smell and/or taste. cache = ./cache/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351155-5bvo66yb author = Kushner, Tatyana title = Chronic Liver Disease and COVID‐19: Alcohol Use Disorder/Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Autoimmune Liver Disease, and Compensated Cirrhosis date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1806 sentences = 101 flesch = 43 summary = 6, 10 COviD-19 in PaTienTs wiTH nOnalCOHOliC FaTTY liver Disease/ nOnalCOHOliC sTeaTOHePaTiTis Given the association of COVID-19 severity with metabolic disease, the association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) has • Minimize in-person contact with medical system • Interaction with the health care system should be via a "COVID-free" pathway 6,10 • Test for SARS-CoV-2 in the setting of acute decompensation or acute-on-chronic liver failure 10 An Official Learning Resource of AASLD Chronic Liver Disease and COVID-19 Kushner and Cafardi review also been investigated (Table 3 ). Finally, in another study of 214 patients in China, the presence of obesity in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was associated with a 6-fold increased risk for severe COVID-19. There are several key issues surrounding COVID-19 infection in patients with cirrhosis, including potentially increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher risk for severe disease, and increased risk for hepatic decompensation (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351431-xcqz9d3t author = Wang, Jun title = Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4522 sentences = 268 flesch = 48 summary = Increasing neutrophil counts paralleled lesion CT values (slope: 0.8 and 0.3–1.2), reflecting neutrophilia-induced lung injury in severe patients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neutrophil activation was correlated with 17 neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated genes in COVID-19 patients, which was related to innate immunity and interacted with T/NK/B cells, as supported by a protein–protein interaction network analysis. Principal component analysis was performed with R package "FactoMineR" to identify those clinical parameters that contribute most to distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild cases of COVID-19 (28) . For BALF, the most upregulated marker genes were similarly enriched in neutrophils, but more up-regulated genes in monocytes and B cells were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, which is different from the lung samples. Transcriptome analysis of lung specimens and BALF from COVID-19 patients also indicated the most up-regulated marker genes were neutrophil related. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as markers of disease severity in COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351343-zdh8ms1z author = Din, Anwarud title = STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AND EXTINCTION OF STOCHASTIC CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) EPIDEMIC MODEL date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4218 sentences = 321 flesch = 66 summary = The most basic stochastic epidemic models are those involving global transmission, meaning that infection rates depend only on the type and state of the individuals involved, and not on their location in the population. In the recent study, we proposed a stochastic epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 with a changing environment considering long term behavior. The present section is devoted to formulation of a model based on stochastic theory for studying the transmissions dynamic of the novel virus i.e., COVID-19 pandemic. This section is about studying the existence and uniqueness of solution of the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model (1). Proof: To prove the theorem, we shall apply direct integration to the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model (1) . With the help of stochastic theory, we developed a model for the novel COVID-19 keeping in view the characteristic of the disease to investigate the transmission dynamics with changing population environment. cache = ./cache/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351512-h4vigeuy author = Zhang, Lin title = How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7123 sentences = 347 flesch = 49 summary = In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. From the perspective of countries and world regions, funding agencies in the USA, China, and the UK contributed most to supporting research in response to public health emergencies, as shown in Fig. 11 . cache = ./cache/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351276-eatlugrm author = Pinna, Graziano title = Sex and COVID-19: A protective role for reproductive steroids date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2345 sentences = 126 flesch = 29 summary = Female reproductive steroids, estrogen and progesterone and its metabolite, allopregnanolone are anti-inflammatory, reshape competence of immune cells, stimulate antibody production and promote proliferation and respiratory epithelial cell repair suggesting they may protect against COVID-19 symptoms. Estradiol and progesterone exerts peripheral and neuronal functions mediated by genomic influencing nuclear hormone receptors, are anti-inflammatory, reshape competence of immune cells and stimulate antibody production. In addition to the well-known role of progesterone in reproduction, this steroid regulates important immunomodulatory functions, including reshaping the competence of immune cells and inducing potent anti-inflammatory actions. Combination of estradiol with progesterone showed the strongest protective effects in the lungs after the stimulation of the inflammatory cascade involving toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) function in cultured alveolar macrophages [6] . The anti-inflammatory action, the role in reshaping immunocompetence and increasing number of immune cells, and the stimulation of higher antibodies concentrations against viral infections raise the hypothesis that these reproductive steroids may be beneficial to prevent or improve COVID-19 symptom severity and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351273-tfmq085x author = Zhou, Bo title = A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2387 sentences = 136 flesch = 51 summary = We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. In the present article, we report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe COVID-19, complicated by acute cerebral infarction and venous thrombosis of the bilateral lower extremities. Because of blood oxygen saturation of 85%, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 (severe) according to the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program (4th edition) published by the National Health Commission of China (5) , and was transferred to the isolation ward of our hospital. In this case report, we present one patient with severe COVID-19 and a previous history of hypertension and atherosclerosis Frontiers in Neurology | www.frontiersin.org with concomitant acute cerebral infarction, posterior tibial and intermuscular venous thrombosis of bilateral lower extremities. cache = ./cache/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351238-epw9w7xx author = Huang, Xing title = In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 918 sentences = 53 flesch = 52 summary = In the article, Patel et al 3 cited the co-occurrence of 14 COVID-19 infected medical workers and a COVID-19 affected patient with pituitary adenoma who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in our department, and stated the safety issue about the transsphenoidal surgery in this emerging COVID-19 situation. Among the infected medical workers, 10 nurses and 4 neurosurgeons were diagnosed and only 4 nurses contacted the COVID-19 patient directly. The second problem is that the authors 3 believed that all the medical workers who participated in the surgery were infected, especially from the experience of the second case that the author cited, for which we have no exact information in Wuhan neurosurgery medical system. However, according to our retrospective survey on our case, none of medical staff who participated in surgery were diagnosed with COVID-19 until March 31, 2020. More importantly, the medical workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in our department later were the staff who were outside the operation room. cache = ./cache/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author = Constantinou, Constantina title = Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7593 sentences = 406 flesch = 48 summary = Zhang et al, 21 reported that patients who had their last anti-tumor treatment (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation) within 14 days prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly increased risk of developing severe events (HR = 4.079, 95% CI 1.086-15.322, P = .037). 37, 38 In order to achieve this, in the most affected areas medical specialists, including oncologists, were asked to provide their assistance in managing patients suffering from COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in ICUs or in the departments of infectious or respiratory diseases or general internal medicine. 40 Currently, there are no official reports of how the treatment of cancer patients has been affected by the lack of resources and limited access to healthcare due to the COVID-19 pandemic in most afflicted countries. The decision should be based on the cancer type and stage, the clinical condition of the patient, the treatment indicated for the condition, the patient's response to anticancer therapy, and the potential risks for an infection with SARS-CoV-2. cache = ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351492-8jv7ip67 author = Urwin, S. G. title = FebriDx point-of-care test in patients with suspected COVID-19: a pooled diagnostic accuracy study date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7241 sentences = 397 flesch = 53 summary = Methods: A literature search was performed on the 1st of October 2020 to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy statistics of the FebriDx POC test versus real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Based on a large sample of patients from two studies during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the FebriDx POC test had reasonable diagnostic accuracy in a hospital setting with high COVID-19 prevalence, out of influenza season. In this systematic review and pooled analysis of IPD, we found that the FebriDx LFD had a pooled sensitivity of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.875-0.950) and specificity of 0.862 (0.819-0.896) for COVID-19 across two studies performed within acute hospitals in the UK when compared to RT-PCR on nose and throat swabs during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author = Rabi, Firas A. title = SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5745 sentences = 315 flesch = 54 summary = However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. To assess the magnitude of the risk posed by the SARS-CoV-2, we review four parameters that we believe important: the transmission rate, the incubation period, the case fatality rate (CFR), and the determination of whether asymptomatic transmission can occur. A small study of 17 patients showed that nasal viral load peaks within days of symptom onset, suggesting that transmission of disease is more likely to occur early in the course of infection [40] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)-China 2020 Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351580-129608e4 author = Shen, J. title = A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1847 sentences = 115 flesch = 60 summary = title: A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany By using this r value, we predict the infected population, , which is very close to the true data, y, as shown in Figure 2 author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059329 doi: medRxiv preprint Furthermore, by using 1 in cycle 2 of Korea data, we also achieve an accurate prediction of infected population and validate to be close to unity (Figure 3) . Use a termination condition (Eq. 6) to estimate the peak time of virus spread Figure 4 shows the prediction result of infected population in United States. Our model predicts that the COVID-19 virus spread will approximately peak on April 26 and May 1, 2020, respectively for United States and Germany in terms of infected population. cache = ./cache/cord-351580-129608e4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351580-129608e4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351584-380s4j70 author = Ward, Michael P. title = The role of climate during the COVID‐19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2248 sentences = 108 flesch = 44 summary = Using COVID‐19 notification and postcode data from New South Wales, Australia during the exponential phase of the epidemic in 2020, we used time series analysis to investigate the relationship between 749 cases of locally acquired COVID‐19 and daily rainfall, 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. temperature, and 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. relative humidity. Each remaining variable was included in a univariate generalized additive model (GAM) with daily F I G U R E 1 Time series (a) of 749 notified cases of COVID-19 in New South Wales, Australia (counts) in which infection was determined to be locally acquired and for which postcode of residence was reported, during the period 12 February (day 43) to 31 March (day 91); and median rainfall and 9 a.m. cache = ./cache/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351305-6vtv2xuh author = Schramm, Markus A. title = COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1260 sentences = 64 flesch = 38 summary = The current pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compels clinicians to develop recommendations for successful clinical management and surveillance of immunocompromised patients at high risk for severe disease progression. With only few case studies published on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, we report a 25-year-old male who developed moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with fever, mild dyspnea, and no major complications despite having received high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for the treatment of highly active, life-threatening eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Thus, due to severity and refractory disease the previously healthy patient was continuously hospitalized from January to March 2020, receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYCLOPS-protocol, cumulative dose 4.76 g), rituximab (4 × 375 mg/m 2 ), and a long-term, slowly tapered high-dose prednisolone treatment (up to 1 g/day). Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author = Zhang, Shuai title = Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4916 sentences = 231 flesch = 45 summary = title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 28-day mortality and develop a nomogram scoring system for predicting 28-day survival probability among patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351510-8m4930bc author = Aquino, Yves S J title = Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5065 sentences = 263 flesch = 48 summary = In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. 28 In the next three sections, we elaborate the ways in which one disease's public profile, such as COVID-19's, can become so extraordinary that it undermines evidence-based clinical practice, drives unsustainable resource allocation and authorises structural forms of coercive consent. 32 Although there are several morally justifiable reasons for off-label use in general clinical practice, our analysis focusses on the influence of disease public profile on the unapproved or emergency use of HCQ for COVID-19 without sufficient scientific evidence. In this article, we argued that the case of HCQ being touted as potential COVID-19 treatment demonstrates the dangers of a disease's public profile becoming the overarching influence in healthcare decision-making. cache = ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351644-pl7xpivx author = Gao, Yelei title = Application of Telemedicine During the Coronavirus Disease Epidemics: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4712 sentences = 336 flesch = 55 summary = We included studies about the content of the consultation (such as symptoms, therapy and prevention, policy, public service), screening of suspected cases, the provision of advice given to those people who may have symptoms or contact history. Data extracted included: 1) Basic information: title, first author, publication year and study design; 2) participants: baseline characteristics and sample size; and 3) results: proportions of individuals using telemedicine for different contents of consultation (e.g. symptoms, therapy and prevention, policy, public service), details of screening of suspected cases, the provision of advice given to people who had symptoms or contact history, and the limitations of telemedicine. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065664 doi: medRxiv preprint proportion of consultation on public issues (including disease knowledge, epidemic situation and public issues of COVID-19/SARS). cache = ./cache/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351509-aau3gx6f author = Li, Yuman title = Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 190 flesch = 41 summary = Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate whether right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) was independently predictive of higher mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. All potential predictors of higher mortality were entered into univariate analyses, including sex, age, cardiac injury and inflammatory marker, LVEF, PASP, RV function echocardiographic parameters, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular artery disease, malignancy and arrhythmia). To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of RV function using the conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE in patients with COVID-19. Most notably, the additional prognostic value of RVLS was substantial independent of LV systolic functional index, which failed to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19. Our data demonstrated that RVLS was a powerful and independent predictor of higher mortality, providing additive predictive value over other echocardiographic parameters in patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351528-23lbs8al author = Zacharia, Brad E title = Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 999 sentences = 68 flesch = 39 summary = title: Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era In regions with high baseline COVID-19 rates and available testing, all patients should undergo testing as close as possible to surgery. 5 In regions where COVID-19 testing is not readily available, all patients should be screened with a questionnaire to assess the likelihood of active disease and prior exposure. 6 In institutions without routine testing availability and without high rates of disease presence, those patients who screen negative may likely proceed to the operating room with standard precautionary measures. Given the high viral load in the upper airway of infected patients, aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 may be extremely high during sinonasal and upper airway procedures, particularly when powered instruments (such as drills) are employed. 9 The American Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) recommends deferring endoscopic endonasal procedures unless emergent or until preoperative COVID-19 testing can be performed. cache = ./cache/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351665-6gwb900b author = Sarkar, Priyanka title = Coupled human-environment system amid COVID-19 crisis: A conceptual model to understand the nexus date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5722 sentences = 294 flesch = 48 summary = The specific objectives of the study were to (i) perform a meta-analysis of existing literature reporting various impacts of COVID-19 on human society and the natural environment, and (ii) develop a conceptual model to illustrate and understand the complex nexus of CHES amid the pandemic. In addition to the impact of COVID-19 in terms of infection and death as discussed in section 4.1, extended lockdown and stay-at-home regulations against the pandemic has associated human health risks such as weight gains due to sedentary lifestyle, psychological/behavioral changes, etc. The main purpose of the study was to propose a conceptual model to portray and address how the interaction of the existing elements of both sub-components of CHES -human society and natural environment -are impacted by the various governmental interventions i.e., lockdown, social distancing, quarantine, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351689-nyfsv357 author = Borghesi, Andrea title = COVID-19 Pneumonia: Three Thoracic Complications in the Same Patient date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2311 sentences = 130 flesch = 42 summary = The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we present interesting computed tomography images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis and spontaneous pneumothorax. The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, we have presented interesting CT images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism ( Figure 1 ) and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis (Figures 2 and 3 ) and spontaneous pneumothorax ( Figure 3 ). COVID-19-associated lung injury and its progression toward pulmonary fibrosis could be the main causative factor for spontaneous pneumothorax in our patient. cache = ./cache/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351604-x4rsdwqz author = González-Gay, Miguel A. title = BioLogic THERAPY IN COVID-19 date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1500 sentences = 79 flesch = 39 summary = Taking all these considerations together and based on often preliminary data or clinical experience, physicians have used immune-modulatory treatments such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly prescribed to individuals with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Recently, four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection and severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been treated with up to 4 infusions of eculizumab, an anti-complement C5a human antibody, showing all of them a marked clinical improvement within the first 48 hours after the first administration of eculizumab, including a 82-old woman with several comorbidities. In summary, based on our experience in the management of autoimmune diseases with biologic therapies and new small molecules, we strongly support the use of these agents in COVID-19 patients with severe disease or in those patients who experience a rapid deterioration due to the development of a MAS-like hyperinflammatory state. The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease cache = ./cache/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351625-1we9wi1g author = Han, Huan title = Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4062 sentences = 245 flesch = 48 summary = Since asymptomatic patients may be a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, public health interventions and a broader range of testing may be necessary for the control of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential problem for pandemic control through public health strategies. Since asymptomatic patients have no clinical symptoms which can easily prevent timely diagnosis and treatment, they may cause a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, which poses a major challenge to infection control. Thus far, many studies have analyzed the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presenting levels of illness ranging from mild to severely critical (10, 11) . In this study, we enrolled 25 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and performed systematic analysis of different clinical characteristics. In this study, we systematically compared different complete blood counts, serum biochemistries, and immunologic responses from SARS-CoV-2-infected asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351666-q7dqsl7n author = Milani, Fabio title = COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9182 sentences = 548 flesch = 55 summary = 2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people's real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy. cache = ./cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351770-cirq6pfx author = Chen, Wei title = SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3771 sentences = 226 flesch = 54 summary = In this study, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 NAb titers in patients recently recovered from COVID-19 using a novel SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) [12] . The distribution of NAb titers in patients with COVID-19 were then plotted based on the variables of age, sex, symptom, laboratory parameters and chest CT findings at the time of admission, treatment during hospitalization and the time of blood collection for antibody analysis (Figure 1 ). Independent variables included in the OLS model included age, sex, CT score, comorbidity, laboratory parameters that associated with disease severity (CRP level and lymphocyte counts), treatment that may influence immune response to pathogen (corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin) and time of blood collection for NAb analysis. In multivariate analyses, after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, corticosteroid treatment, CRP level, lymphocyte count and time of NAb analysis, baseline chest CT scores still strongly correlated with NAb titers in patients recovered from COVID-19 (Table 2 , p=0.02). cache = ./cache/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351593-84xpllwh author = Shaw, Jane A. title = Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1292 sentences = 78 flesch = 54 summary = This has rightly been driven by the recognition that COVID-19 is a novel disease, with a multitude of clinical manifestations and some unexpected respiratory phenotypes [1] .The overwhelming number of severely ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia has generated a lot of information. The ideal imaging modality for them will be one that is useful for early triaging of patients into mild, moderate, and severe pneumonia; it will be highly specific for COVID-19, and sensitive in ruling it out. Data show that computed tomography (CT) chest is a useful diagnostic tool for COVID-19 with a high sensitivity when applied during an outbreak, at times identifying the disease before the gold standard test becomes positive [3] [4] [5] . Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: correlations with chest CT at hospital admission. cache = ./cache/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351734-wjvhu1qg author = Kassaw, Chalachew title = The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1839 sentences = 112 flesch = 63 summary = title: The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 This study aimed to assess the current mental health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic among communities living in, Gedeo zone, Dilla, Ethiopia. The second part of the questioner was about the mental health crisis and assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) a 21-item Likert scale and sored \ 30 (Normal), 30-43 (mild) and 43-59 (moderate) [ 60 (severe) [9] . Dependent variable-mental health crisis Independent variables-Age, sex, educational status, occupational status, family size, and monthly income, and KAP about COVID-19. Mental Health Crisis 44.4% of the respondents were reported mild to moderate psychological problem. This study found 44.4% of the respondents were reported mild to moderate psychological problems in response to COVID 19 pandemic. This study found that as there is a mental health crisis in the community living in the Gedeo zone, SNNP, Ethiopia. cache = ./cache/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351719-xqmir1ca author = Olaimat, Amin N. title = Food Safety During and After the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3906 sentences = 208 flesch = 51 summary = The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is the clinical syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection which is characterized by a respiratory disease with symptoms ranging from mild influenza (flu-like) to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Petrosillo et al., 2020) . A previous study reported that food products were a plausible transmission route for respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-1 and influenza (Klein, 2004) . The proper use of gloves, sanitizers, and disinfectants can minimize the risk of virus spread and disease transmission (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] and World Health Organization [WHO], 2020; Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2020a). The current guidelines issued by public health authorities are based on the disease patterns of previously encountered coronaviruses and they need to be updated according to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 as this virus is likely to persist and people will have to modify their "normal behavior" to a "new normal." cache = ./cache/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351735-x1lng449 author = Flikweert, Antine W. title = Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2682 sentences = 178 flesch = 42 summary = authors: Flikweert, Antine W.; Grootenboers, Marco J.J.H.; Yick, David C.Y.; du Mée, Arthur W.F.; van der Meer, Nardo J.M.; Rettig, Thijs C.D.; Kant, Merijn K.M. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series CONCLUSIONS: In this case series common late histopathology in critically ill COVID patients is not classic DAD but heterogeneous with predominant pattern of organizing pneumonia. All patients with laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) admitted to the ICU due to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure between 22 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 and with available postmortem needle core biopsy of the lung were eligible for inclusion in this case series. Recently, a case definition for influenza associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) was proposed by an expert panel, which could be used to classify patients with CAPA. cache = ./cache/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351662-rmkcb6o3 author = Huang, Zhifeng title = Characteristics and roles of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in patients with different severities of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2855 sentences = 179 flesch = 54 summary = We aimed to quantify the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies, identify changes in them based on COVID‐19 severity, and establish the significance of combined antibody detection. The rise times for specific IgM and IgG levels are different, and combined detection could be more advantageous in the diagnosis of COVID-19 [5] . In this study, SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG levels were measured in patients with varying severities of COVID-19, the relationship between specific antibody levels and disease severity was classified, and the significance of combined antibody detection was clarified, providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. We also found that while IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in the severe & critical patients than in moderate patients, there was no difference in IgM between the two groups. Levels of IgA and IgG were higher in severe & critical COVID-19 patients than in moderate COVID-19 patients, while IgM levels were no different between the two groups. cache = ./cache/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351762-n95ar9ci author = Wang, Brian Xiangzhi title = Susceptibility and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1496 sentences = 88 flesch = 48 summary = 1 Here, we outline what is known about the susceptibility of patients with CVDs to COVID-19 and the relative risk of these patients succumbing to severe illness. dIsease transmIssIon COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), phylogenetically related to the beta coronavirus SARS that caused a global outbreak in 2002. Importantly, this study also supported the notion that patients with CVDs were more likely to suffer severe illnesses from COVID-19 infection-10.5% of patients with CVDs and 6.0% with hypertension died, compared with the 0.9% in patients with no comorbidities. 10 This led to growing concerns that medications acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increased the risk of patients contracting COVID-19 or having a more severe illness. 11 A population-based study by Mancia and colleagues on patients in Lombardy, Italy, identified that ACEIs and ARBs were more frequent in patients with COVID-19 than controls, attributed to the higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. cache = ./cache/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351740-779g8tr1 author = Khaba, Moshawa Calvin title = COVID-19 in an HIV-infected patient. Lessons learned from an autopsy case date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1830 sentences = 126 flesch = 55 summary = We report the first autopsy case of HIV-infected individual with COVID-19 as the cause of death. The first confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was reported in China in December 2019. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript represents the first published report of an autopsy performed on an HIV infected patient with cause of death attributed to COVID-19. The final cause of death was SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in HIV infected patient. In accord to what is already published, the lung findings on the index patient showed early phase of diffuse alveolar damage with associated microthrombi which is seen in COVID-19. Whilst HIV infected people on treatment with normal CD4 count and low viral load may not be at a high risk of serious illness, the presence of other chronic conditions may increase their overall risk (7) The fact that SARS-CoV-2 can cause transient immune deficiency, it denotes that HIV and COVID-19 interaction may have adverse immunological and clinical outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351672-7oi9w87s author = Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír title = COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2671 sentences = 182 flesch = 52 summary = As the COVID-19 pandemic stimulated new markets in distance meeting/learning, home office, e-shopping and e-socialising, the promising development trend of 5G is highly expected after the pandemic is well controlled. Many innovative and intensified services as e-shopping, advanced and possible person-less waste management collection and treatment, and applications of novel ways for deliveries, for example, drones, can change the energy requirements. 20 It means that with many options opened the new emerging options and opportunities for energy saving and making the generation, distribution and usage more efficient becomes a crucial issue and the research in this direction should be encouraged and facilitated. The future research should follow several avenues: novel opportunities continuously arising as a response to the new demands, energy efficiency and savings as well as reducing and minimising the environmental burden created by electrical power generation, transmission and distribution. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351845-bli3qm8w author = Prasad, Kartikay title = Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4626 sentences = 293 flesch = 46 summary = Towards this goal, in this study, we have generated a human-SARS-CoV-2 interactome based on recently published RNA-Seq analysis of human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, and identified disease-related functional genes that will provide the insights into the patho-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 mechanisms of COVID-19. Overall, the analysis demonstrated that the upregulated genes are mainly linked to the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, type I interferon signaling and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. The PPI network analysis indicates that the pathways are enriched in host response to virus infection, type I interferons signaling, and cytokine activation. [74] reported high SARS-CoV-2 loads very early during infection, suggesting that the virus may have developed arsenals that is able to delay the IFN response by inhibiting innate immune signaling. cache = ./cache/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351823-ldbscq4s author = Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun title = COVID‐19 and Oncology: Service transformation during pandemic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5547 sentences = 314 flesch = 52 summary = 10 The key recommendations included, first, essential and urgent cancer services must continue, and discuss with patients about risks associated with continuing treatment, second, referrals depart from normal practice and that safety netting must be in place to allow patients to be followed up, and, third, the development of COVID-free hub for cancer surgery with a centralized triage system. Delivery of home SATs certainly has its benefits but is not without challenges, and the advent of the global pandemic has expedited these changes into clinical practice, but it will certainly require close monitoring to ensure there is no increased risks to patients' health and wellbeing. In the specific case of the future optimization and adaptation of oncological services using lessons learned during the COVID-19 era, the previous aforementioned implementation of telemedicine is particularly relevant as many of the oncology department's patients are immunosuppressed and vulnerable to infection, 52 and this would also extend to a COVID-19 absent setting, if at a lesser severity due to treatment and the nature of cancer as a disease. cache = ./cache/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351718-sf5zp5wg author = Kohli, Utkarsh title = COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1371 sentences = 77 flesch = 42 summary = Reports thus far suggest a mild course for acute COVID-19 infection in children; however, its effects in vulnerable paediatric populations, including children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, have rarely been reported. We therefore report on a 4-month-old Hispanic male with a moderate sized conoventricular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary overcirculation who presented with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. 6 Children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of decompensation and hospitalisation when concomitantly infected with other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, [12] [13] [14] lending credence to the notion that COVID-19 could run a more severe course in these children. Given the probable paucity of these patients at any single paediatric centre, there is a dire need for collaborative research efforts on a global scale to characterise the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 in children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease as well as other vulnerable paediatric populations. cache = ./cache/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351691-3egwvb59 author = Elzupir, Amin O. title = Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2948 sentences = 181 flesch = 52 summary = This study investigates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)) using caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations by means of molecular mechanics-Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) and molecular mechanics-generalized-Born surface area (MMGBSA). Of these 3CPs, seven drugs approved by the US-Food and Drug Administration have shown a good binding affinity to the catalytic residues of 3CL(pro) of His(41) and Cys(145): caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, pentoxifylline, linagliptin, bromotheophylline and istradefylline. This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of 3CL pro by means of approved caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) using the molecular docking approach. An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations cache = ./cache/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351885-hjw1940x author = Zhang, S. X. title = First study on mental distress in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2724 sentences = 162 flesch = 64 summary = Methods: We conducted a primary survey of 638 adults in Brazil on March 25-28, 2020, about one month (32 days) after the first COVID-19 case in South America was confirmed in Sao Paulo. Building from early research evidence on mental health in China and Iran, where the COVID-19 outbreak occurred earlier, 7, 8, 11 we explore several predictors of distress during the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. We assessed the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, educational level, the number of children under 18 years old, geographic location, whether they were COVID-19 positive, their exercise hours per day during the past week, and their workplace attendance. The distance from the epicenter is emerging as an interesting predictor of mental health in the crisis literature, and this study found the distance effect depended on individuals' age and workplace attendance. We found gender, age, education, exercise, and distance from the epicenter all predicted distress in adults in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351819-ovpz36e7 author = Beyrouti, Rahma title = Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1469 sentences = 88 flesch = 42 summary = We describe the demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of six consecutive patients assessed between 1 st and 16 th April 2020 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK, with acute ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 (confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)) (table 1). On day 22, he developed acute bilateral incoordination and right homonymous hemianopia; MRI brain showed extensive acute posterior cerebral artery territory infarction (online PostScript Continued PostScript supplementary figure S1B); he received high-intensity LMWH anticoagulation. A 53-year-old woman, taking warfarin for valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), presented 24 days after COVID-19 symptom onset (cough, dyspnoea), with acute confusion, incoordination and drowsiness; CT brain confirmed acute large left cerebellar and right parieto-occipital infarcts (online supplementary figure S1 C, D). An 83-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, heavy smoking and alcohol consumption, presented with dysarthria and left hemiparesis 15 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. cache = ./cache/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351722-3mw1te94 author = Recalde, M. title = Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5299 sentences = 324 flesch = 55 summary = Obese COVID-19 patients were more likely to have prior comorbidities, present with cardiovascular and respiratory events during hospitalization, require intensive services, or die compared to non-obese COVID-19 patients. In the diagnosed cohorts, obese patients with COVID-19 consistently had a higher prevalence of comorbidities compared to non-obese patients (upper part of Figure 1 . As in the diagnosed cohort, hospitalized obese patients with COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of comorbidities than non-obese; however, the differences between groups were less obvious (lower part of Figure 1 Although obese COVID-19 patients were younger and less likely to have comorbidities than obese influenza patients in the hospitalized cohorts, they more frequently had adverse outcomes. We provide novel evidence that the prevalence of obesity is higher among COVID-19 patients compared to those with seasonal influenza and that obese hospitalized COVID-19 patients have worse outcomes is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351776-otx5qwyu author = Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis title = Elevation of Liver Fibrosis Index FIB-4 Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3896 sentences = 189 flesch = 44 summary = In this study, we evaluated the association between FIB-4, a liver fibrosis index, and the risk of progression to critical illness in middle-aged patients with COVID-19. To overcome this problem, we analyzed our data in different ways: (1) we retrieved available information on blood test done within 6 months before COVID-19 diagnosis in a relatively small number of patients (15% of the total series): at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, AST and ALT increased significantly while platelets remained stable as compared with previous values; however, there were no significant changes in FIB-4 categories; (2) we evaluated specifically the prognostic value of isolated baseline AST: in contrast to previous reports, AST was not an independent predictor either at univariate level or when adjusted by other clinical and laboratory covariates; and (3) finally, we evaluated specifically the association between the elevation of AST (ie, AST above the upper limit of normality) and the need for MV, which identified that AST elevation was an independent risk factor. cache = ./cache/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351941-fgtatt40 author = Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title = Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9174 sentences = 452 flesch = 52 summary = Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. The current paper focuses on using a standard dynamic epidemiological model as a tool for incorporating various sources of data into a unified estimation of the actual trajectory of disease, applying the method to COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We also use unofficial data points including four observations about the number of Iranian passengers diagnosed with COVID-19 upon arrival in international airports, and three estimates aggregated by healthcare providers in Iran and reported by BBC and Iran International news agencies about total cases of death from COVID-19. We define a likelihood function for change over time (net-inflow) of official reports on cumulative death, recovered and infection assuming they are count events drawn from model-predicted rates (Poisson distribution). cache = ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351896-j6h02ab5 author = Ghannam, Malik title = Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5060 sentences = 271 flesch = 40 summary = The following search strategy was implemented and these keywords and their synonyms (in the all fields) were combined in each database as follows: ("COVID 19" OR "coronavirus") AND ("brain" OR "CNS" OR "spinal cord" OR "nerve" OR "neurologic" OR "stroke" OR "cerebrovascular" OR "cerebral vein thrombosis" OR "sinus thrombosis" OR "Intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "hemorrhage" OR "myelitis" OR "GBS" OR "Guillain Barre syndrome" OR "neuropathy" OR "radiculopathy" OR "cranial neuropathy" OR "myopathy" OR "myositis" OR "rhabdomyolysis" OR "encephalitis" OR "encephalopathy" OR "meningitis" OR "meningoencephalitis" OR "seizure" OR "convulsion" OR "epilepsy") [ Fig. 1 ]. [11] For each study, the following descriptive, microbiological, and clinical information was extracted: patient demographic data, SARS-CoV-2 testing from nasal swab and CSF, neurological symptoms and signs and their onset in relation to respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or anosmia or dysgeusia, any neurological investigations and CSF or any other relevant laboratory testing (such as CK, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant, fibrinogen, ganglioside antibodies), neurological diagnosis, occurrence of respiratory failure (defined as need for intubation, abnormal PO2 in blood gas, or Glasgow Coma Scale score less than or equal 8), treatments administered for the neurological diagnosis, and final outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351972-whl0w54u author = Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel title = Cutaneous Complications Secondary to Haemostasis Abnormalities in COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1120 sentences = 80 flesch = 41 summary = Therapeutic anticoagulation was initiated and 2 days later, the minimal dermatoporosis lesions previously present in the upper extremities evolved to haemorrhagic bullae with intra-bullae blood clots and dissecting haematomas. On day 25, the minimal dermatoporosis lesions previously presented evolved in the upper extremities to haemorrhagic bullae. The pre-existing minimal dermatoporosis lesions progressed to dissecting haematomas due to multiple factors: the existing minimal dermatoporosis, anticoagulation therapy and coagulation abnormalities due to COVID-19 infection. Many risk factors such age (dermatoporosis), recent trauma, corticoid treatment, anticoagulation therapy (50%: 30% antiplatelet, 20% anti-vitamin K inhibitors) and coagulation disturbances have been related to this condition. Dissecting haematomas cause significant morbidity with the patient needing hospitalization and urgent surgical procedures as in the present case. In the case presented, they resulted from a combination of various factors: minimal dermatoporosis, anticoagulation therapy and coagulation abnormalities due to COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351931-i9xenu3r author = Ruszkiewicz, Dorota M title = Diagnosis of COVID-19 by analysis of breath with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry - a feasibility study date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5567 sentences = 268 flesch = 46 summary = Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds in the breath using gas chromatography with either mass spectrometry (GCÀMS) or ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has been proposed for diagnosis of COVID-19 8 and pneumonia [9] . A panel of volatile organic compounds (ethanal, octanal, acetone, butanone, methanol, heptanal and a feature yet to be identified) is hypothesised to provide the basis of a COVID-19 rule-in/rule-out breath-test. A higherpowered study with time series data may establish how a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile develops with infection, incubation and disease-progression, enabling the development of a COVID-19 breath-test. The compounds identified by PCA multi-variate analysis indicated that changes in breath-biochemistry followed the same pattern in both studies with elevated ketone and aldehyde signals accompanied by a suppressed methanol signal, and an unidentified feature 144 also noted as potentially significant. cache = ./cache/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351918-pu7i1jfe author = Baek, Yae Jee title = A mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in a tertiary hospital and assessment of the effects of different intervention strategies date = 2020-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4902 sentences = 278 flesch = 51 summary = The effects of different intervention strategies such as front door screening, quarantine unit for newly admitted patients, early testing of suspected infected people, and personal protective equipment for both medical staff and visitors were evaluated. The model suggested that the early testing (within eight hours) of infected cases and monitoring the quarantine ward for newly hospitalized patients are effective measures for decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 within a hospital (81.3% and 70% decrease of number of incident cases, respectively, during 60 days). Setting the population vector η as the number of staff, and the stabilized number of inflow and outflow to each department for visitors, we construct the WAIFW matrix, W, by assuming that it is proportional to the contact rate matrix [8, 9] : The diagram for the SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model with compartments of doctor, nurse, patient, and caregiver. cache = ./cache/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351818-znv51wx9 author = Ge, Q. title = Recurrent Neural Reinforcement Learning for Counterfactual Evaluation of Public Health Interventions on the Spread of Covid-19 in the world date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4941 sentences = 380 flesch = 54 summary = Therefore, we formulated real-time forecasting and evaluation of multiple public health intervention problems into off-policy evaluation (OPE) and counterfactual outcome forecasting problems and integrated RL and recurrent neural network (RNN) for exploring public health intervention strategies to slow down the spread of Covid-19 worldwide, given the historical data that may have been generated by different public health intervention policies. Widely used statistical and computer methods for modeling of Covid-19 simulate the transmission dynamics of epidemics to understand their underlying mechanisms, forecast the trajectory of epidemics, and assess the potential impact of a number of public health measures on curbing the spread speed of Covid-19 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.20149146 doi: medRxiv preprint learn the optimal control (intervention) policy, we need to identify the system underlying the dynamics of Covid-19. We propose to use RNN-based counterfactual action evaluation as a general framework for modeling and forecasting the spread of Covid-19 over time with multiple interventions [30] . cache = ./cache/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352030-hnm54k4r author = Liu, Jie title = Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5263 sentences = 281 flesch = 51 summary = These included age, sex, occupation (doctor, or nurse), body mass index (BMI ≥ 24, or <24 kg/m 2 ), current smoking status (yes, or no), disease severity (non-severe, or severe), date of symptom onset, symptoms before hospital admission (fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, myalgia, sputum production, difficulty breathing or chest tightness, chill, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and chest pain), coexisting conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, etc.), laboratory testing indicators on admission (leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, D-dimer, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactose dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, Amyloid A, total bilirubin, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lymphocyte subsets, etc.), radiologic assessments of chest CT (lung involvement, lung lobe involvement, predominant CT changes, predominant distribution of opacities, etc.), treatment measures (antibiotics agents, antiviral agents, traditional Chinese medicine, immune globulin, thymosin, corticosteroids and oxygen therapy), and complications (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352102-ssk24jkx author = Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title = Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1125 sentences = 66 flesch = 35 summary = Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. Appendectomy is the gold standard of care for patients with acute appendicitis, but recent evidence showed that conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes [2] . Non-operative treatment for acute appendicitis has additional benefits, including the elimination of the mortality and morbidity risks associated with surgery, as well as the complications of anesthesia, infection, and bleeding, the obliteration of the long-term complications of abdominal surgery, such as bowel obstruction and chronic wound pain, a decrease in the treatment cost and the length of hospital stay [2] [3] [4] . Although there is increasing evidence that intravenous antibiotics can be used as alternative management, especially in patients with a high operative risk, appendectomy remains the gold standard of care for patients with acute appendicitis. cache = ./cache/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352065-960xqft4 author = Rello, Jordi title = Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4976 sentences = 264 flesch = 41 summary = Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. A major problem of the coronavirus pandemic is the considerable burden imposed on National Health Systems worldwide due to the hyperacute outbreak and the proportional increase of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support in an extremely limited period of time, while outcomes vary according to the burden of the disease in each country. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in COVID-19 [7] and a recent scope review found that for COVID-19, < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission, but development of secondary infections during ICU admission is common [8, 9] . cache = ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351890-b33zj9e9 author = Lahmer, T. title = Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3257 sentences = 159 flesch = 37 summary = Methods: We prospectively screened 32 critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia for a time period of 28 days using a standardized study protocol for oberservation of developement of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Along with other uncertainties during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay, superinfections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), are well-known complications of severe viral pneumonia in critically ill patients. In analogy to what has been reported in critically ill patients with severe influenza associated pneumonia, the aim of our prospective AspCOVID-19 study is to describe the incidence and outcome of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia using a standardized screening procedure and assess whether COVID-19 is independently associated with IPA. Patients of the COVID-19 cohort were prospectively screened in defined time intervals for developement of Covid-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) following the study protocol (figure 1). cache = ./cache/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352159-qx16i7s1 author = Pettit, Natasha N. title = Late Onset Infectious Complications and Safety of Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID‐19 date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3329 sentences = 196 flesch = 51 summary = During the study period, the institutional guideline recommended administration of TCZ 400 mg intravenous once (with the option of redosing based on clinical response within 12-24 hours) if patients presented with severe and rapidly progressing hypoxia in addition to elevated inflammatory markers (e.g. D-Dimer >2 mg/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) >100mg/L, and/or ferritin >600 mcg/L (or >300mcg/L if ferritin doubled in the previous 24hrs)). To characterize the patients' clinical presentation, course, and outcomes in the group that received TCZ, we also evaluated time to TCZ from symptom onset, intensive care unit (ICU) admission at the time of the TCZ dose, the TCZ weight based dose, mechanical ventilation at the time of the TCZ dose, whether they also received remdesivir or a hydroxychloroquine based regimen, time to defervesce following TCZ (if the patient was febrile prior to the dose), time to positive culture (if they had positive cultures post TCZ), length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality (all-cause). cache = ./cache/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351930-puhm3w42 author = Juan, J. title = Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4503 sentences = 285 flesch = 53 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: medRxiv preprint are fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue; third, on admission, most cases have patchy shadowing or ground-glass opacity on CT of the chest, and that normal or low leukocyte, lymphocytopenia and raised CRP are the most common laboratory findings observed in COVID-19-infected pregnant patients; fourth, the rate of severe COVID-19 pneumonia is relatively low but there are two reported maternal deaths, as of April 23, 2020; fifth, COVID-19 does not appear to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia; sixth, only a few pregnancies have resulted in a spontaneous miscarriage or abortion; seventh, of those who have delivered, the gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks and the majority of cases have had Cesarean delivery; and eighth, in the case-series there have been no reported cases of neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, however, in the case-reports there has been one case each with positive SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and neonatal throat swab. cache = ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352187-h9if17ba author = Aksoy, Yasemin Erkal title = Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2560 sentences = 145 flesch = 56 summary = PURPOSE: The study was carried out to determine the psychological impact levels of nurses and midwives due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study is to determine the psychological impact levels of nurses and midwives due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the State Anxiety Inventory scores of the nurses and midwives participating in our study with the state of chronic disease, the most intense emotion felt due to COVID-19, experiencing remorse due to their occupation, and difficulties in social, profession, family and private life due to COVID-19. It was determined that there was a difference between the inhibitory anxiety subscale score of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale with having remorse due to their profession and having difficulties in profession, family and private life due to COVID-19 (Table 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352152-d3owtd98 author = Wang, Cuiyan title = Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China date = 2020-03-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6496 sentences = 285 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that the general population presenting with specific symptoms including chills, coryza, cough, dizziness, myalgia, and sore throat, as well as those with poor self-rated health status and history of chronic illnesses, experienced a psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. cache = ./cache/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352096-cc3dzycl author = Richman, Douglas D. title = Antiviral Drug Discovery To Address the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1520 sentences = 70 flesch = 35 summary = Regardless of whether or when a vaccine becomes available, antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 will still be needed for several reasons: the unlikelihood that a vaccine will be 100% effective, the incompleteness of vaccine coverage because of both vaccine hesitancy and the numerous logistical challenges to accomplishing prompt large-scale immunization of the majority of the population, the possibility of limited durability of vaccine protection, the need for additional prophylaxis for high-risk subjects and poor vaccine responders, and the future value of effective antiviral treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and new coronaviruses that will likely emerge from zoonoses. suggest that the purported activity against SARS-CoV-2 of the two HIV protease inhibitors, lopinavir and nelfinavir, is probably attributable to cellular toxicity. Structurebased design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease AT-527 is a potent in vitro replication inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352215-dhkvh45t author = Ramachandran, Preethi title = Increased serum aminotransferase activity and clinical outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2540 sentences = 151 flesch = 45 summary = CONCLUSION: Elevated aminotransferases among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation, but did not achieve statistical significance after controlling for inflammatory markers. Due to these gaps in current knowledge, we aim to measure the prevalence of clinically significant (twice the ULN) elevation of aminotransferase levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevated aminotransferases were associated with an increased rate of mechanical ventilation, but did not achieve statistical significance after controlling for inflammatory markers. However, we found that the rate of mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in patients with elevated aminotransferases, but the statistical significance was lost when adjusted for confounding variables. The results of our study show that clinically significant elevation of aminotransferases (2 X ULN) was noted in 13.7% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351825-fdog73g2 author = Tsai, Cheng-Yu title = A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1524 sentences = 112 flesch = 59 summary = title: A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward METHODS: Our institution has installed the novel non-contact wireless sensor for vital sign sensing and body movement monitoring for patients in COVID-19 isolation ward. The technologies of self-injection-locked radar and infrared light are used in non-contact detection of vital signs, included body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body positioning [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . In our hospital, we have setup a self-injection-locked radar on the ceiling of the ward and its bathroom to monitor patient's vital signs. (Fig. 2) The device has been used to collect the heart rate and body temperature of the isolated patient from COVID-19. The heart rate and respiratory rate are listed on the right side Fig. 2 One self-injection-locked radar locates on the ceiling of the water closet to monitor patient vital sign in this private area cache = ./cache/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352156-sa8cvyuw author = Lindeman, Robbert-Jan title = Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1834 sentences = 96 flesch = 44 summary = title: Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries In both countries, the first weeks of preparation has seen a strong reduction in elective surgery, with several implemented principles to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread and prepare for surgical care for COVID-19 diseases as needed. Norway, that initially started with aggressive testing of subjects with symptoms or returning from high-endemic areas in order to get control over the spread pattern and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, needed to restrict its activity later in March. An early effect of the initially suboptimal test routines for healthcare workers (HCW) was experienced in Norway, when one HCW returning from central Europe, was confirmed positive to SARS-CoV-2 only after having spent several days at work on the advice from the hospital. The acute threat of the COVID-19 epidemic to global healthcare has led to forced reorganization of surgical care in Norway and Sweden. cache = ./cache/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351940-cg0bewqb author = Ngwira, A. title = A snap shot of space and time dynamics of COVID-19 risk in Malawi. An application of spatial temporal model date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3530 sentences = 187 flesch = 59 summary = Semiparametric spatial temporal models were fitted to the number of weekly confirmed cases as an outcome data, with time and location as independent variables. A few studies that have used the statistical approach to spatial temporal analysis to my knowledge are Gayawan et al (2020) who used the Possion hurdle model to take into account excess zero counts of COVID-19 cases, Briz-Redon and Serrano Aroca (2020) who used the separable random effects model with structured and unstructured area and time effects, and Chen et al (2020) who used the inseparable spatial temporal model. Since the p-values of the correlation coefficients were more than 0.20, the significance level set to select potential covariates, the two covariates, population density and proportion of those with running water were dropped when fitting the spatial temporal models of the weekly confirmed cases of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352193-izzqdg3v author = Allen, M. title = Organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation and mathematical modelling study. date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4280 sentences = 261 flesch = 55 summary = A second Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model estimated the feasibility of patient transport plans and relaxing the current policy of single COVID-19 patient transport to allow up to four infected patients at a time. Conclusions Discrete-event simulation simulation and Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model provides a useful method for stress-testing inpatient and outpatient clinical systems prior to peak COVID-19 workloads. At the peak of infection, it is predicted there will be up to 140 COVID-19 positive patients with 40 to 90 of these as inpatients, likely breaching current inpatient capacity (and possibly leading to a need for temporary movement of dialysis equipment). These include separation of COVID-positive and COVID-negative patients; dialysis units working with transport providers to minimise the risk of cross-infection; and continuing to treat patients as close to home as possible. The dialysis model runs through a defined period (e.g. one year) and simulates the progression of patients through phases of COVID infection: negative, positive (with some requiring inpatient care) and recovered or died. cache = ./cache/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352293-ha7xts89 author = Thakur, Aditya title = Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1202 sentences = 89 flesch = 55 summary = This paper highlights key issues and offers practical solutions to address the mental health of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic, from a high school student's (HSS) perspective. Social distancing and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic can worsen existing mental health problems in adolescents and increases the risk of future mental health issues. 2 An increase in domestic violence and abuse during this pandemic further exposes adolescents to risks of developing mental health problems. However, closure of schools during COVID-19 pandemic have taken away the protective layer of school-based mental health support. Within a pandemic environment of furloughs and job cuts, families may struggle to purchase technology for high schoolers who can benefit from school-based counseling support for mental health problems. 3 Quarantine, trauma and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic further increase the risk of mental health problems. Potential effects of "social" distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352324-tle14vtm author = Martini, Chiara title = Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2547 sentences = 153 flesch = 51 summary = The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans, aimed at three kinds of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). cache = ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352247-baqbxez9 author = Kobayashi, Yoshiharu title = Public Support for Development Aid during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9121 sentences = 505 flesch = 55 summary = The second experiment exposes respondents to a message linking COVID-19 to increased hardships for people in poorer countries or to a message suggesting aid that helps African countries deal with COVID-19 will also have public health benefits at home in several months. The second channel stresses the effects of COVID-19 on people in recipient countries and how news, arguments, and messages about them influence donor-side public attitudes. First, we estimate the ITT effect by comparing the expressed aid support under the treatment about household financial worries against the control condition. Prompting respondents to worry about the country's financial situation causes them to be less supportive of foreign aid, while asking them to consider their own household finances does little to their aid opinions. The results from two experiments demonstrate that voters' worry about the financial impact of COVID-19 on their own country reduces their support for aid and that their awareness of the benefits of assisting developing countries in curbing the second wave of outbreak at home substantially increase support. cache = ./cache/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352302-are8vvhh author = Hartman, W. title = Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a mid-size city in the midwest date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3138 sentences = 189 flesch = 54 summary = Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. A recent cohort study by Liu and colleagues of 39 cases and 156 matched controls from Mount Sinai hospital in New York City reported a 12.8% mortality rate among patients with severe or worse disease who received convalescent plasma, and significantly better outcomes among patients transfused prior to mechanical ventilation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135830 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 1 Legend: Inpatient respiratory support type by hospital day among COVID-19 patients with life-threatening disease receiving convalescent plasma (n = 15). cache = ./cache/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352122-u9pv2x2j author = Yang, Xiao title = Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3632 sentences = 192 flesch = 49 summary = Nevertheless, studies on sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of COVID-19 positive patients and those on the psychological intervention for them are still limited. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the measured social support-related factors and baseline sleep, anxiety, and depression symptoms and the improvement of these measures. Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS). Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, nucleic acid test at Stage 2, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS) at Stage 2. cache = ./cache/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352329-dq69zlpn author = Gastélum-Cano, José María title = Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 751 sentences = 59 flesch = 53 summary = title: Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data obtained from Covid-19 patients at admission to intensive care services in the IMSS Hospital in Celaya, from August 13 to September 02, 2020. Higher values of FBG and HbA1c in Mexican Covid-19 patients were observed, independently if they had been diagnosed with diabetes. Recently, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels have been associated with increased death risk in Covid-19 patients [3] . Recently, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels have been associated with increased death risk in Covid-19 patients [3] . This work objective was to evaluate HbA1c as a complication and risk predictive mortality marker in patients with or without diabetes with Covid-19 at admission. This work objective was to evaluate HbA1c as a complication and risk predictive mortality marker in patients with or without diabetes with Covid-19 at admission. cache = ./cache/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352304-tt2q5mgs author = Sun, Dan title = Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3229 sentences = 194 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We included eight severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 24 to February 24. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, previously known as 2019-nCoV) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan City, China, has spread around the world [1] . We included eight severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 24 to February 24. Critically ill COVID-19 was defined when the pediatric patients met any of the following criteria: (1) respiratory failure which requires mechanical ventilation; (2) septic shock, and (3) accompanied by other organ failure that needs ICU monitoring and treatment. Demographic information and clinical characteristics including exposure history, anamnesis, signs and symptoms, chest computed tomographic (CT) scan or X-ray results, complications, treatments, clinical outcomes, and laboratory findings of each patient were obtained from the Electronic Medical Record System of Wuhan Children's Hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351917-0lcjskjf author = Li, S. title = Modifiable lifestyle factors and severe COVID-19 risk: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2169 sentences = 124 flesch = 45 summary = Methods Genome-wide significant genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), lifetime smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity identified by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were selected as instrumental variables. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of US suggests that people with obesity and smoking are at increased risk of COVID-19 severe illness 6 Mendelian randomization (MR) uses exposure-associated genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess the causality between exposures and outcomes 7 . preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Sensitivity analyses were performed using MR-Egger regression 17 , weighted median method 18 and weighted mode method 19 , which relax some MR assumptions and allow some genetic instrumental variables to be invalid, but are less powerful than IVW method. cache = ./cache/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352256-qxdakdk0 author = Yousefi, Bahman title = A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID‐19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4017 sentences = 213 flesch = 48 summary = Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019‐nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS‐CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID‐19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS‐CoV. Chloroquine inhibits SARS-CoV entry, which exerts its inhibitory effect by altering glycosylation of the ACE2 receptor and spike protein. | 5 in a MERS-CoV rhesus macaque model were promising, with the results of the trial and the effect of ribavirin and IFN (either α2a or β1) on MERS-CoV infected patients it was different, however, ribavirin lowers hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients and therefore reduces its potential as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 (Arabi et al., 2017; Falzarano et al., 2013) . cache = ./cache/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352141-y3s8li0v author = Bouchoucha, Stéphane title = Family‐centred care during a pandemic: The hidden impact of restricting family visits date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 71 flesch = 51 summary = While it may be too early in the COVID-19 pandemic to realise the potential impact of compassion fatigue and burnout on nurses, evidence collected following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic (Maunder et al., 2006) showed that healthcare workers that cared for patients with SARS had higher levels of burnout, psychological distress and post-traumatic stress than other healthcare workers. From what we know about factors that may increase risks of compassion fatigue and burnout, having to limit visits for family members of critical ill and dying patients is likely to also have a negative impact on nurses by increasing their feelings of providing inadequate family-centred care. Restricting family visits, while a necessary measure to decrease the spread of COVID-19 to vulnerable patients and the community, is likely to have negative effects on families and nurses alike and these impacts need to be carefully considered. cache = ./cache/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352382-mazwgsbc author = Vavassori, Andrea title = Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1444 sentences = 89 flesch = 32 summary = title: Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group 2 Interventional Radiation Therapy (IRT, Brachytherapy, BT) and IntraOperative Radiotherapy (IORT) represent potentially life-saving treatment options in different oncological clinical settings with indications shared in multidisciplinary contexts following international guidelines or trial protocols. 7 It is also recommended to limit access to patients and their relatives or accompanying persons: -offering IRT or IORT, if available and whenever possible, -encouraging high hypofractionation, where indicated, -postponing treatments of certain oncological diseases according to clinical judgement, -in palliative setting it might be useful to optimize medical symptomatic treatments, if judged to be of similar efficacy, -postponing treatment for benign diseases, -considering hormonal or cytotoxic therapy in selected cases for further deferral of radiotherapy, -allowing only one accompanying person per patient, whenever possible, -considering dedicated "COVID+ interventional radiotherapy pathway". cache = ./cache/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352401-tmt1pmw9 author = Curatola, Antonietta title = Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 984 sentences = 65 flesch = 57 summary = title: Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department On 11th March, World Health Organization has declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Thus far, all pediatric cases in China with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection were mild cases, and no deaths had been reported. 2 The transmission of the 2019-nCov infection happened through the respiratory droplets by infected patients, but coronavirus can also be transmitted by contact with contaminated objects, such as phones, toys and doorknobs 3 ; however, also asymptomatic cases play a critical role in the transmission process. Children are considered suspected if they presented fever, cough, breathing difficulties, gastrointestinal symptoms or are related with a cluster outbreak or close contact with 2019-nCoV infected/suspected cases. It has been reported that about 15% of all HCWs become infected by COVID-19 after 10 days of work in emergency department (ED), due to the contact with the patients. cache = ./cache/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352524-g7khma2j author = Rennard, Stephen I. title = Chicken soup in the time of COVID date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1143 sentences = 75 flesch = 57 summary = Some years ago, we conducted a limited study of a potential anti-inflammatory effect of chicken soup. Sadly, in the Ebola crisis, the lack of welldesigned rigorous clinical trials resulted in very little knowledge gained about which medicines are effective and which are not [3] . The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for certain COVID-19 patients [6] . Of course, chicken soup has benefits beyond its potential medicinal value. Chicken soup, often made by a lengthy and loving process, can provide real psychosocial support. People will seek out these 'chicken soups' as they provide social support together with the reassurance associated with doing something. Nevertheless, when added to all the other efforts required to address the COVID-19 crisis, the 'chicken soups' may have something to offer. Treating COVID-19-Off-Label Drug Use, Compassionate Use, and Randomized Clinical Trials During Pandemics cache = ./cache/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352341-dhc748pn author = Miranda-Zazueta, G. title = Manejo farmacológico de pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas y pancreáticas que involucran terapias inmunosupresoras. Posicionamiento en el marco de la pandemia de SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4118 sentences = 422 flesch = 54 summary = 5 Hasta este momento se han emitido las siguientes recomendaciones en pacientes infectados por COVID-19 que tienen una enfermedad hepática autoinmune de base y usan inmunosupresores: [5] [6] [7] [8]  El presentar alteraciones en las pruebas de función hepática no limita iniciar el tratamiento para COVID-19. Las recomendaciones generales para el manejo de pacientes con trasplante hepático y diagnóstico de COVID-19 se realizan de acuerdo con los diferentes escenarios posibles que nos podemos enfrentar en la práctica clínica. No existe hasta el momento de esta publicación información sobre el riesgo de infecciones en pacientes con inmunosupresión y Pancreatitis Autoinmune (PAI), muchos menos en el contexto del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, Sin embargo, teóricamente este riesgo no debería ser mayor al observado para otro tipo de infecciones. cache = ./cache/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352332-c6phkk8r author = Al-Benna, Sammy title = Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 740 sentences = 43 flesch = 48 summary = title: Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic Therefore, there is a demand for cancer surgery which may require beds, ventilators and health care professionals, including surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses. Ethical cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic letter to the editor What is the role of patient autonomy in public health emergencies? Essential cancer surgery has been restricted to a minimum reasonable allotment in accordance with national and international guidelines and regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic, rather than to higher volumes. If essential cancer surgery is not provided to patients, the cancer death rate will climb even higher. Availability of COVID-19 information from national and international aesthetic surgery society websites Availability of COVID-19 information from national plastic surgery society websites cache = ./cache/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352460-ql0eogzz author = Farmer, Nicole title = COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2546 sentences = 124 flesch = 30 summary = Reasons for the disparity in COVID-19 affecting African Americans are likely multifactorial, including structural inequities and social injustice, misinformation about infection risk, limited testing availability and health care access, and disproportionate prevalence of preexisting conditions. 13 Consequences of these neighborhood environments can directly impact physical and mental health: less access to foods identified to prevent chronic diseases, 14 increased exposure to violence, 15, 16 and less access to green space, 17 a known mitigating factor of psychosocial stress. Examples of how multilevel interventions may be useful during this pandemic to address psychosocial health and health-promoting behaviors may include health communication and messaging interventions (institutional and societal levels); promotion and identification of locations within an area to engage in social distancing physical activities (neighborhood levels); family-based interventions around instrumental or emotional support (interpersonal level); and psychological interventions on perception and self-awareness of behaviors (individual level). cache = ./cache/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352272-9zg8q0gk author = Zhang, Jiancheng title = Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3685 sentences = 192 flesch = 51 summary = title: Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Wuhan Union Hospital between January 25 and March 15, 2020. In tour study, we aimed to describe the effects of self-reported sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia, deterioration based on an increased NLR, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this report is the first case series to study the effects of sleep quality on the recovery from lymphopenia, deterioration based on an increased NLR, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Poor-sleep quality in patients with COVID-19 was associated with a slow recovery from lymphopenia, an increased risk of becoming critically ill and requiring ICU care, and cache = ./cache/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352475-cmmpy5u7 author = Pemmada, Rakesh title = Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7770 sentences = 402 flesch = 37 summary = The worldwide, extraordinary outbreak of coronavirus pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) and other emerging viral expansions have drawn particular interest to the design and development of novel antiviral, and viricidal, agents, with a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity. Hence, it is highly desirable to search for potential antiviral and viricidal elements (materials and coatings) to design personal protective equipment (PPE), hygienic implements, and other devices to fight against the rise of viral pandemics and virus-associated fatal risks [22] . In addition, a large number of studies have reported coating materials containing metal ions (i.e., silver, copper, zinc), which have demonstrated an excellent antiviral ability with long-term, persistent effects [30] [31] [32] [33] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] . Various strategies involved in the development of antiviral and viricidal coatings, like modifying the surface of a substrate via antiviral polymers, incorporation of metal ions/oxides, and functional nanoparticles were discussed. cache = ./cache/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352288-zr96k6p1 author = Zou, Fengwei title = Cardiac Injury and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1571 sentences = 117 flesch = 49 summary = This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the incidence, comorbidities, outcomes and possible mechanisms of acute cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies that evaluated cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a systematic review and 69 meta-analysis of literature to investigate the incidence of cardiac injury, its correlations with co-70 morbidities and outcomes, and its possible mechanisms in the global COVID-19 population. More than a dozen studies have reported 173 incidence of cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ranging from 7% to 44% 2-4, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . Clinical features, 339 laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 340 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of 351 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352123-0bflqj1c author = Csiszar, Anna title = Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4752 sentences = 225 flesch = 51 summary = Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, similar to other coronaviruses, can infect several species of animals, including companion animals such as dogs, cats, and ferrets although their viral loads remain low. In late March 2020, the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) in Belgium reported that a pet cat was diagnosed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 [21, 22] , showing that felines living in the household of people with COVID-19 are at risk of contracting the disease and may potentially spread the virus. On April 23, it was reported that two pet cats in New York state have tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2, which are the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in companion animals in the USA [22] . In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the situation is rapidly evolving and in the light of the recent evidence, we should be aware of the possibility that humans can be potentially infected with COVID-19 by animals, including by pet cats, dogs, or other domesticated species. cache = ./cache/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352543-8il0dh58 author = Kuzdeuov, A. title = A Network-Based Stochastic Epidemic Simulator: Controlling COVID-19 with Region-Specific Policies date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6262 sentences = 311 flesch = 47 summary = In this scenario, epidemiological models can be used to project the future course of the disease, and to estimate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and related control measures that might be used to slow the contagion, and thereby provide time to enhance health care resources and develop effective immunological defenses such as new vaccines. We have developed and implemented a network-based stochastic epidemic simulator (leveraging our prior work [8] ) which models cities and regions as nodes in a graph, and the edges between nodes representing transit links of roads, railways, and air travel routes to model the mobility of inhabitants amongst cities. In each node, the simulator runs a compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, such that individuals can cycle through the four stages based on state transition probabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352526-t8odetzw author = Pinto, Bruna G G title = ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3032 sentences = 199 flesch = 50 summary = Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. The molecular mechanism responsible for the increased disease severity in patients with these comorbidities is not fully understood, but previous studies suggest a role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (5) . Here, we showed that the expression of the gene encoding the ACE2 receptor in lung tissue is upregulated by diseases representing comorbidities along with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352538-cb3j2y1s author = Farrell, Penny title = COVID-19 and Pacific food system resilience: opportunities to build a robust response date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4781 sentences = 246 flesch = 45 summary = Bolstering regional production and intraregional trade in a currently import-dependent region could strengthen the regional economy, and provide the health benefits of consuming locally produced and harvested fresh foods – as well as decreasing reliance on global supply chains. Population data sourced from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020b) Table 1 Summary of key potential food system impacts in the Pacific region Global analysis of potential COVID-19 related impacts on food systems Pacific-specific food system context Potential food system, food security and nutrition impacts in Pacific Production Access to inputs may be limited by restrictions on travel, reducing agricultural production, yields and income; access to services may be reduced (e.g. veterinary, extension services). Domestically produced food supply to urban centres reduced (e.g. root crops, fruit, vegetables); potential reductions in distribution of imported food to rural areas; likely differential impacts for producers (e.g. based on geographical location, own transport); home gardening won't be affected. cache = ./cache/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352512-h58oh2jx author = Korbel, Jan O. title = Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1652 sentences = 72 flesch = 45 summary = The ability to rapidly connect with scientists in spite of institutional shutdowns has, on top of this, facilitated the engagement of researchers in collaborative activities targeted against COVID-19. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported at least 1 month and up to 6 months of work had been lost due to laboratory shutdown-with large differences seen between wet lab (73%) and dry lab (31%) researchers. The personal living conditions-for example, alone versus living with a spouse or family-and whether scientists are based in an institution within their home country or whether they are expatriates also seem to affect the level of personal impact the COVID-19 outbreak has caused. Although 49% of scientists reported that their research hours have been reduced during the COVID-19 outbreak, many indicated that they are using the times of shutdown to devote more time to data analysis (43%), manuscript or thesis writing (45%), or developing grant applications (11%) (see Fig. 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352562-qfb478sf author = Yamamoto, Lidia title = SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7315 sentences = 341 flesch = 45 summary = In the section devoted to the specific laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, the most used RT-PCR protocols were described and some studies on the serological diagnosis with IgA, IgM and IgG detection were detailed, including the use of rapid immunochromatographic assays and discussing the ideal period after the onset of symptoms to perform each type of test. They identified 191 cases in hospitalized patients younger than 21 years of age, reported by hospitals in the New York State with the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, myocarditis, and suspected multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C). The laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 are based on the detection of viral RNA by real time amplifications (RT-PCR) 40 or the detection of antibodies (immunoglobulins) anti-SARS-CoV-2 from the classes IgM, IgA and IgG, produced by the host's immune system. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review cache = ./cache/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352557-l7sahv5t author = Takla, Michael title = Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19: systematic review and narrative synthesis of efficacy and safety date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7587 sentences = 347 flesch = 43 summary = In contrast, only 58% of observational studies employing an endpoint specific to efficacy recorded no significant difference in the attainment of outcomes, such as duration of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and probability of transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU), between COVID-19 patients given a range of CQ and/or HCQ doses, and the control groups. Indeed, of the remaining papers, 60% found evidence of a higher probability of discharge rate (Sbidian et al., 2020) , viral clearance and shorter symptom duration (Huang et al., 2020a) in a therapeutic context, and a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prophylactic context (Bhattacharya et al., 2020 Although 60% of clinical trials found evidence of higher mild adverse drug-related events in the treatment group, none of those specifically focusing on cardiac-side effects discovered any significant difference relative to the control. cache = ./cache/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352580-l6vkzja0 author = Iltaf, Samar title = Frequency of Neurological Presentations of Coronavirus Disease in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2266 sentences = 130 flesch = 42 summary = Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), usually presents clinically with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and loss of taste and/or smell. COVID-19 can also present with neurologic signs and symptoms, including headache, hyposmia/anosmia, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, stroke, and seizure. This subjective survey addressed 10 neurological manifestations of COVID-19: headache, altered sensation, nausea and vomiting, sudden hemiparesis (stroke), numbness and paresthesia, vertigo, ataxia, seizure, encephalitis/meningitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and myelitis. Our study confirmed that headache (6%), altered level of consciousness and encephalopathy (2%), hemiparesis (stroke; 0.6%), GBS (0.3%) and seizure (0.3%) were the most frequently reported neurological presentations [5, 6, 7, 8] . A case study reported that a patient positive for SARS-CoV-2 presented with isolated sudden onset anosmia but no other symptoms of COVID-19 [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352665-ik67gpxf author = González-Rodríguez, Alexandre title = Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2311 sentences = 124 flesch = 47 summary = Lastly, we will address aspects related to the impact on mental health of a stressful situation such as the pandemic itself or the imposed public health measures, both in patients with previous mental illness and in the general population. As yet, we still do not know the effectiveness of the psychological support measures for professionals in reducing the risk of mental pathology and posttraumatic stress disorder in health professionals. A recent study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents reported the importance of evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms in this group. In the post-COVID period, the early detection of negative consequences for mental health of patients, families, and professionals, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of the preventive interventions implemented during the pandemic, is of special importance. The role of mental health home hospitalization care during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352630-dx1fwngb author = Hossain, Md. Sabbir title = Impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission in South Asian Countries: an application of the ARIMAX model date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 206 flesch = 54 summary = We aimed to examine the impact of weather on COVID-19 confirmed cases in South Asian countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Several studies suggested that weather parameters like temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and air pollutants may influence the transmission of the COVID-19 (Ahmadi et al., 2020; Al-Rousan and Al-Najjar, 2020; Bashir et al., 2020; Jüni et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020; Sobral et al., 2020; Tosepu et al., 2020; Zoran et al., 2020) . This study was accumulated different types of data, including daily COVID-19, climate, and air pollutants datasets from the first unequal date of COVID-19 confirmed cases to 31 August 2020 of five South Asian countries, such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Our analyses also showed that temperature had a significant positive and negative impact on the transmissibility of COVID-19 in four south Asian countries except for India. cache = ./cache/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352365-b9cmviny author = Marchetti, Monia title = COVID-19-driven endothelial damage: complement, HIF-1, and ABL2 are potential pathways of damage and targets for cure date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3887 sentences = 176 flesch = 29 summary = This review also highlights potential targets for prevention and therapy of COVID-19-related organ damage and discusses the role of marketed drugs, such as eculizumab and imatinib, as suitable candidates for clinical trials. Also, C3a complement fraction plays a relevant role in the pathogenesis of infection-related lung injury: high serum C3a predicts evolution to ARDS [9, 10] , while both C3a and C5a increase endothelial permeability and activate endothelial cells, thereby increasing the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines [11, 12] , and the distal complement activation product C5 b-9 triggers intracellular fluxes of calcium in epithelial and endothelial cells. Apoptosis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell may be chronically triggered by inflammation, such as in COPD, or acutely induced by ARDS; the latter is mediated by Bruton kinase (BTK), IL-17, and macrophage stimulating-1, while IL-35 seems protective [41] [42] [43] [44] . cache = ./cache/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352672-gjo29e21 author = Hoque, E. title = Adjusted Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic due to Herd Immunity in Bangladesh date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5872 sentences = 306 flesch = 59 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20186957 doi: medRxiv preprint number of susceptible populations as well as case fatalities rate to achieve the herd immunity in Bangladesh. In the Table 1 , we present the age distribution of the population in Bangladesh (collected from Socioeconomic Data and Application Center, or SEDAC) along with the confirmed positive cases and deaths for each of those age groups (collected from Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, or IEDCR). Therefore, if 30% of the total working population in Bangladesh get affected by COVID-19 to achieve herd immunity, we estimate that a total number of positive cases would be approximately 17.7 million. To estimate the dynamics of the COVID-19 cases, such as confirmed, recoverd, and death cases, in case of herd immunity, we have used the Unscented Kalman Filter The age group based population distribution, along with gender, in Bangladesh has been used to estimate the initial susceptible population for SIRD model. cache = ./cache/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352668-qjlqsb2k author = Cabello, Francisco title = Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4834 sentences = 232 flesch = 43 summary = Sexual activity offers numerous advantages for physical and mental health but maintains inherent risks in a pandemic situation, such as the current one caused by SARS-CoV-2. A group of experts from the Spanish Association of Sexuality and Mental Health (AESexSAME) has reached a consensus on recommendations to maintain lower-risk sexual activity, depending on one's clinical and partner situations, based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2. In all other cases (for those under quarantine, those with some clinical symptoms, health professionals in contact with COVID-19 patients, and during pregnancy), abstaining from coital/oral/anal sex, substituting it with masturbatory or virtual sexual activity to provide maximum protection from the contagion, and increasing the benefits inherent to sexual activity are recommended. Due to the ease of contagion and the lack of information about the possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a group of experts from the Spanish Association for Sexuality and Mental Health, covering the fields of sexology, psychiatry, psychology and medicine reached a consensus. cache = ./cache/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352700-8ic7gu5y author = Hernandez Cordero, A. I. title = Multi-omics highlights ABO plasma protein as a causal risk factor for COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4269 sentences = 266 flesch = 55 summary = We used Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) and summary-based Mendelian randomization to combine gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from the Lung eQTL (n=1,038) and eQTLGen (n=31,784) studies with published COVID-19 genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. 2018 We first conducted Coloc tests to determine the probability that SNPs associated to COVID-252 19 phenotypes and gene expression (eQTLs) were consistent with shared genetic causal 253 variants (colocalization). The colocalization between ABO gene expression and the 383 COVID-19 susceptibility associated loci was not tested since the variants associated with 384 this gene in the lung eQTL and eQTLGEN studies were not present in the COVID-19 HG 385 meta-analysis for this phenotype. In blood, the expression of 18 and 8 unique genes co-localized with COVID-19 severity 388 ( Fig. 2a) and susceptibility associated loci (Supplementary Table S1), respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352682-deh08rh4 author = Toughza, Jihane title = COVID-19 et Greffe de Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques: Recommandations date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1778 sentences = 131 flesch = 72 summary = Rajouter la référence suivante: Ljungman et Al, BMT 13 May 2020: "The challenge of COVID 19 and HCT, EBMT recommandations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant récipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T cell therapy", https://www.nature.com/articles/s41409-020-0919-0 --Référence rajoutée Expliciter la situation au Maroc et l'organisation en place, à titre d'exemple pour les lecteurs, afin de rendre la présentation plus claire -Expérience marocaine rajoutée Examinateur n°2 : Ces patients ne sont a priori pas plus à risque de contracter le virus mais une grande partie d'entre eux est plus susceptible de développer des formes graves de l'infection COVID-19 du fait de leur fragilité secondaire à la malignité et aux traitements par chimiothérapie radiothérapie et chirurgie (3) (4) (5) . cache = ./cache/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352678-8f2ygul2 author = Prasad, Ashish title = Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading? date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3488 sentences = 191 flesch = 48 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causal agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , is a single-stranded RNA virus with a non-segmented genome. In another study with COVID-19 patients in China, an early response of IgA instead of IgG was observed in the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 (11) . It has been observed that 5% of COVID-19 patients become critically ill with severe pneumonia and multiple-organ damage and cytokine storm might be a possible explanation for such an observation. A case study on 214 COVID-19 patients from three special care centers of Union Hospital, Wuhan, revealed that 36.4% of the infected people had neurologic symptoms (46) . The adverse effects of antiviral drugs like hydroxychloroquine, which is reported to cause acute toxic hepatitis (54) and cytokine burst, might be responsible for such high percentage of hepatic damage cases in severely ill patients. cache = ./cache/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352786-wxwjlvmb author = Vendrik, J. title = The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 872 sentences = 51 flesch = 40 summary = de Vries concludes that, although further research on the influence of bloodpressure-lowering drugs, including those not targeting the renin-angiotensin system, is warranted, there are presently no compelling clinical data showing that ACEIs and ARBs increase the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 or worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The authors describe the results from a telematic survey for all Latin American countries, showing a significant reduction in cardiac care activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a significant reduction in care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 STEMI-associated mortality and morbidity, they state that healthcare providers must find a way to alert and inform patients about the suspected symptoms of STEMI, and emphasise the need for patients to call for emergency care, in order to ensure a timely diagnosis and reperfusion treatment. We hope that the readers of this journal find this information valuable for their care of cardiac patients in these unusual circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on how to provide cardiac rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352770-6mz9abmc author = Daly, Michael title = Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3734 sentences = 173 flesch = 54 summary = This study identified substantial increases in distress in the US during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis that largely diminished in the weeks that followed and suggests that population level resilience in mental health may be occurring in response to the pandemic. The objective of the present was to examine how psychological distress has changed during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and to examine whether there are population sub-groups who are particularly vulnerable to persistent distress during the crisis, including those with pre-existing mental health diagnoses. Consistent with other studies examining mental health (e.g. Daly et al., 2020; McGinty et al., 2020) , we found evidence that distress increased from mid-March to early-April, 2020 as the pandemic first emerged in the US. Substantial increases in distress in the US during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis largely diminished in the weeks that followed and this suggests that population level resilience in mental health may be occurring in response to the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352862-2q4h3bwj author = Goswami, Mridula title = Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3945 sentences = 263 flesch = 54 summary = An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and spread at an alarming rate to become a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries. The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by highand low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. 18 The Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (ISPPD) also issued an advisory for oral health professionals and pediatric dentists including C (clean, cover, and confine), O (observe, online, or telephonic consultation as possible), R (restrict to emergency treatment only and all elective treatment to be postponed as far as possible), O (obey), N (no aerosol), and A (avoid). cache = ./cache/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352544-7b6btzrx author = Liu, Zhelong title = The association of diabetes and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3293 sentences = 173 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract Aims This study evaluated the impact of previous glycemic control and in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Despite a few studies reported that COVID-19 patients with poorly controlled fasting blood glucose in hospital were associated with higher mortality [16] , there is still a lack of information on the impact of previous glycemic control on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Model 1 explored the risk factors associated with worsening by a univariate analysis, which included HbA1c, maximum of the BG in-hospital, age, sex, smoking, comorbidities other than diabetes, white cell count, the percentage of neutrophils, lymphopenia, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ -glutamyl transferase, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prothrombin time, total cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α. Our study found that among COVID-19 patients, those with poor HbA1c control had a higher risk of disease worsening, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), demonstrating the importance of previous glycemic control. cache = ./cache/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352553-me1tpqss author = Sugand, K. title = The impact of COVID-19 on acute Trauma and Orthopaedic referrals and surgery in the UK: the "golden peak weeks" of the first national multi-centre observational study. The COVid-Emergency Related Trauma and orthopaedics (COVERT) Collaborative date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5722 sentences = 336 flesch = 50 summary = Objectives: This is the first national study observing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic trauma with respect to referrals, operative caseload and mortality during the first six weeks (namely the "golden peak weeks") following the introduction of the national social distancing and lockdown measures from mid-March 2020. Conclusion: Although there was a reduction of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, the mortality rate still more than doubled in odds during the peak of the pandemic compared to the same time interval one year ago. Although there was a reduction of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, the mortality rate still more than doubled in odds during the peak of the pandemic compared to the same time interval one year ago. To observe the impact of COVID-19 on Trauma and Orthopaedic acute referrals, operative casemix and mortality rates during the 'golden peak weeks' of the pandemic compared to the same time interval in 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352607-71986j7i author = Cournoyer Lemaire, Elise title = Extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures: the use of music to communicate public health recommendations against the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1498 sentences = 64 flesch = 31 summary = To promote the population's adherence to COVID-19 public health preventive measures, the Quebec (Canada) government solicited the assistance of local music artists. More specifically, music is discussed in terms of its powerful capacity to reach out to a large population pool; to capture the population's attention quickly and massively in spite of age, language, or cultural barriers; to effectively communicate messages; and to affect individuals' behaviours. In an attempt to prompt the population to adhere to the public health recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19, it appeared instinctive for the government to request assistance from local music artists. This commentary aims to briefly explain how music may facilitate individuals' adherence to such measures through its well-established capacity to reach out and capture people's attention, to communicate effectively, and to affect individuals' behaviours. However, while research supports music's capacity to modulate individuals' behaviours, its impact on populations' adherence with public health recommendations more specifically is unknown. cache = ./cache/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352781-aqh9zxgh author = El Homsi, Maria title = Review of Chest CT Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3801 sentences = 237 flesch = 48 summary = Here, we review the pertinent clinical findings and the current published data describing chest CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia, the diagnostic performance of CT for diagnosis, including differential diagnosis, as well the evolving role of imaging in this disease. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR), and the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) issued their position statements recommending against the use of CT for widespread screening and diagnosis of COVID-19, instead reserving CT for those cases with clinical suspicion for complications like abscess or empyema [76] [77] [78] . Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Single-Center Study in Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases cache = ./cache/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352642-u513wnu1 author = Patrocínio de Jesus, Rita title = Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Asymptomatic Infection while on High-Dose Corticosteroids. Case Report date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2211 sentences = 113 flesch = 46 summary = After reviewing this case in light of current evidence and debates surrounding SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, we hypothesize that patients on corticosteroids may have particular viral shedding dynamics and should prompt a more conservative approach in regard to isolation discontinuation and monitoring. Since the identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the cause of the disease which was later named COVID-19, and as it progressed to the current worldwide pandemic, much investigation has been made regarding its clinical presentation, transmission route, and immunity. This could point either to a reactivation of the disease in a patient who first presented as asymptomatic or to a long incubation period (18 days from risk contact until developing symptoms, with a CT performed 3 days prior to the onset of symptoms showing an evolving disease, which is consistent with previous studies reporting typical radiological findings of COVID-19 in asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients [2] ). cache = ./cache/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352779-zdtpnip0 author = Patti, Ravi Karan title = Subacute Aspergillosis “Fungal Balls” Complicating COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1548 sentences = 108 flesch = 39 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019), began in the Wuhan District of Hubei Province, China. We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea; diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2–related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and complicated with lung cavitations growing Aspergillus sp. Due to persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis, the patient further underwent tracheostomy and was discharged to a subacute rehabilitation facility. 11 We report this case of subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, who did not have any history of pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or preformed cavities to predispose for aspergillus infection. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a superimposed infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a superimposed infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity. cache = ./cache/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352737-3ttrx3lf author = Cunha, Lucas Leite title = Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6824 sentences = 337 flesch = 37 summary = Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Interestingly, polymorphonuclear leucocytes from the elderly are less capable of modulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1)-induced oxidative bursts, suggesting that TREM-1 signal transduction altered with aging may be one of the mediators of the decrease in microbicidal potential of innate immune cells in older adults (41) . cache = ./cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352579-ndcbmgfj author = Takahashi, Takuto title = Pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 therapies date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5258 sentences = 284 flesch = 38 summary = In this review, we summarized the pharmacogenomic literature available for COVID-19 drug therapies including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/cobicistat, interferon beta-1b, tocilizumab, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and corticosteroids. We found several drug-gene variant pairs that may alter the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, SLCO1A2, and SLCO1B1); azithromycin (ABCB1); ribavirin (SLC29A1, SLC28A2, and SLC28A3); and lopinavir/ritonavir (SLCO1B1, ABCC2, CYP3A). Summary of clinical implications of pharmacogenomics for COVID19 We found evidence that several genetic variants may alter the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir and possibly tocilizumab, which hypothetically may affect clinical response and toxicity in the treatment of COVID-19. As previously described in this review, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and azithromycin can individually increase risk for QT prolongation, and those drugs have been used in combination in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352767-lnsi3av0 author = Teuwen, Laure-Anne title = COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1587 sentences = 80 flesch = 32 summary = To date, pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) have been largely overlooked as a therapeutic target in COVID-19, yet emerging evidence suggests that these cells contribute to the initiation and propagation of ARDS by altering vessel barrier integrity, promoting a pro-coagulative state, inducing vascular inflammation (endotheliitis) and mediating inflammatory cell infiltration 2, 3 . After the initial phase of viral infection, ~30% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with progressive lung damage, in part owing to an overreacting inflammatory response 1 . Mechanistically, the pulmonary complications result from a vascular barrier breach, leading to tissue oedema (causing lungs to build up fluid), endotheliitis, activation of coagulation pathways with potential development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and deregulated inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, we hypothesize that denudation of the pulmonary vasculature could lead to activation of the complement system, promoting the accumulation of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory monocytes that enhance the cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352774-dpgk9bvc author = Graziani, A. title = Pulmonary artery thrombosis in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 764 sentences = 50 flesch = 43 summary = Retrospective studies demonstrated that patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) had an elevated D Dimer value and, in this setting, some Authors recommended a therapeutic heparin doses for the patients with higher values [4] . A recent ICU obs ervation reported an increased risk of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in COVID-19 compared to the historical control group even in patients that had undergone the Low Molecular Weight Heparin prophylaxis [5] . CTPA was positive for PE in 37% of COVID 19 patients (14,5 % in pre COVID patients), D-Dimer was associated with a higher prevalence of thromboembolic events and correlated with the degree of PE severity. The Authors observed that this is apparently in contrast with the relatively frequent reports of PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients It is possible that local thrombi in the lungs may be the cause of pulmonary arterial manifestations [10] . cache = ./cache/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352720-z1cvjc2y author = Díaz-Corvillón, Pilar title = Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4061 sentences = 244 flesch = 49 summary = While initial evidence suggests that pregnant women were not at increased risk for COVID-19, neither developed a more severe disease compared to non-pregnant adults [3, 4] , recent reports suggest increased rates of preterm birth [5] , pneumonia and intensive care unit admission [6] , and maternal mortality [6, 7] . The main objective of this study was to assess point-prevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in unselected obstetrical population at the time of delivery and to describe the presentation and clinical evolution of confirmed cases. women were screened for COVID-19 clinical symptoms including fever, cough and shortness of breath by trained personnel, and RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2 (Allplex TM 2019-nCoV Assay [17] ) was performed by nasopharyngeal swab, unless a prior test with no more than 48 hours to admission was reported. cache = ./cache/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353058-3r6jw5ij author = Crotti, Lia title = COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1249 sentences = 64 flesch = 48 summary = Indeed, there are already few studies that evaluated QTc and arrhythmic risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with different QT-prolonging drugs (i.e. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir). Saleh M et al 10 evaluated 201 COVID-19 patients who during hospitalization received chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine as a monotherapy (61%) or in association with azithromycin (59%). Similar to previous study 9% of patients showed a QTc>500 msec on treatment (3.5% had discontinuation of therapy), but no torsades de pointes or arrhythmic death were reported. To favor the collection of these data in a big number of affected patients and to monitor the occurrence of arrhythmic events in the context of the SARS-CoV2 infection, the International Registry on Arrhythmias in COVID-19 (COVIDAR), was recently established and endorsed by EHRA and ERN GUARD-Heart. The Effect of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on the Corrected QT Interval in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352901-ia34l2ml author = Natalello, Gerlando title = Nailfold capillaroscopy findings in patients with coronavirus disease 19: Broadening the spectrum of covid-19 microvascular involvement() date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3663 sentences = 169 flesch = 35 summary = This method is widely used in the rheumatology field for the diagnostic classification of vascular acro-syndromes, thanks to its ability to The present study aimed to assess microvasculature and to characterize NVC abnormalities in acute and recovered COVID-19 patients Furthermore, according to the semi-quantitative evaluation, the involvement of a percentage greater than 33% of all the capillaries analyzed was found for the following alterations: meandering capillaries in 10 (18.5%), enlarged capillaries in 3 (5.6%), capillary density below 9 capillaries per linear millimeter in 3 (5.6%) and microvascular derangement in 2 (3.7%) of the patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the presence of microvascular alterations evaluated by NVC in COVID-19 patients. We performed NVC and described in detail the morphological appearance in patients who needed hospital admission for COVID-19 pneumonia, in two different stages of the disease: patients still hospitalized with acute pneumonia, and patients already discharged and evaluated at outpatient clinics. cache = ./cache/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352640-fycwhyfv author = Goel, Ashish title = Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2756 sentences = 149 flesch = 59 summary = Our study is a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. We present a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. A retrospective analysis of data from subjects who presented to our hospital with mild flu-like illness between the months of March and May 2020 was conducted to understand the disease profile. Data were available for 3,026 subjects who presented to our hospital with either mild flu-like symptoms or with suspected exposure to a confirmed case of COVID-19 during the early phases of the pandemic. In this retrospective analysis, we report that among subjects presenting to the hospital with a mild flu-like illness, those who tested positive for COVID-19 were significantly older and more likely to be men. cache = ./cache/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352853-9a7fi46y author = Amyar, Amine title = Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5812 sentences = 341 flesch = 57 summary = title: Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation In this work, we propose a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. In this work, we propose a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. For the detection of COVID-19 and the segmentation of the infection at the lung level, several deep learning works on chest X-ray images and CT scans have emerged and reported in [34] . In this work, we propose a novel multi-task deep learning model for jointly detecting COVID-19 image and segmenting lesions. We have developed a new deep learning multi-task model to jointly detect COVID-19 CT images and segment the regions of infection. cache = ./cache/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352823-1os3kwp1 author = Zeng, Hui title = The strategies of perioperative management in orthopedic department during the pandemic of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3072 sentences = 152 flesch = 44 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that medical quality and efficiency were affected little with the help of strategies described above during the epidemic, which could be a reference tool for medical staff in routine clinical practice for admission of patients around the world. Orthopedic surgeons performed the superiority of accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients, summarized how to carry out the clinical practice of orthopedic surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the COVID-19, and minimized the risk of infection exposure. Meanwhile, we hope that it could provide more treatment model schemes for colleagues and share the flow charts of management for patients during the breakout of pandemic, including prevention and control measures for staff, operating rooms, and surgical instruments, which may be beneficial for medical staff (Fig. 1) . In relationship with orthopedic diseases during the epidemic, related prevention and control, clinical recommendations, diagnosis and treatment, clinical management, health care personnel protection, and disinfection were applied soon in our hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352828-4ecik6xw author = Lagziel, Tomer title = Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2439 sentences = 122 flesch = 43 summary = title: Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) The pathogen known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is notable for attacking the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress, but it can also severely affect other systems in at-risk individuals including cardiovascular compromise, gastrointestinal distress, acute kidney injury, coagulopathies, cutaneous manifestations, and ultimately death from multi-organ failure. We present a confirmed COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. We present a COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352902-isc3ek67 author = Powell, Adam W. title = The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2773 sentences = 147 flesch = 42 summary = The primary aims of this study were to (1) better understand current practice patterns in pediatric exercise laboratories in the United States and Canada, (2) assess local and institutional management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) investigate how centers are affected by the lifting of hospital restrictions for COVID-19. Data were recorded regarding program location, changes to exercise laboratory staffing and operational protocols, current PPE use, changes to exercise testing protocols including deviations in measuring metabolic indicators of fitness, baseline pulmonary function testing, and noninvasive measures of cardiac output. Among the programs surveyed, 66% (23/35) reported discontinuing all exercise testing for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31% (11/35) continued testing but only for patients triaged by medical need, and 3% (1/35) did not alter testing protocols. Specifically, the authors would like to thank all the pediatric exercise laboratories that responded to this survey for completing this item and for all the effort and diligence they have placed in caring for their patients and staff during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352930-onf61i2r author = Ostermann, Marlies title = What every Intensivist should know about COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2534 sentences = 148 flesch = 42 summary = Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in critically ill patients with COVID-19 with a reported incidence ranging from <5% to >25%. Despite initial reports, acute kidney injury (AKI) has emerged as a serious complication in critically ill patients with COVID19 . In a post-mortem case series including 26 COVID-19 patients from China, the predominant kidney histology in 9 patients with AKI was acute tubular injury, erythrocyte aggregation in peritubular capillaries, segmental fibrin thrombi in glomeruli, direct viral infection of tubular epithelium and podocytes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells [11] . Effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: The ELAIN Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352905-ge3u32hm author = Galimberti, Sara title = Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Play an Antiviral Action in Patients Affected by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Possible Model Supporting Their Use in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5383 sentences = 231 flesch = 45 summary = Among compounds proposed to fight the SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), already effective in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), have been proposed on the basis of their antiviral action already demonstrated against SARS-CoV-1. Translated in the COVID-19 context, if TKIs would sustain the coronavirus infection or replication, we might expect to observe a significant increase of TTV load during treatment of our patients with nilotinib. In the second phase of our study, we employed the NanoString technology for analyzing the expression of 770 inflammationand immunity-related genes in five CML patients before and after 6 months of treatment with imatinib, with the aim of testing the impact of this TKI on the possible immunological control of viral infection. Considering that it has been proven that at diagnosis, the immunity of these patients is severely impaired (63) , the low infection rate observed during the 2020 pandemic could prove that TKIs play an antiviral role or, at least, could not impair the host response against the new coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352937-htmp0avc author = Chow, Velda Ling Yu title = Recommendations for surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma during COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2359 sentences = 126 flesch = 42 summary = Comprehensive preoperative work‐up, careful patient selection, attention to details perioperation and multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring optimal outcomes after salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. In accordance with that suggested by the hospital infection control unit, if resources allow, patients should be quarantined in hospital 14 days prior to surgery followed by two sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for nucleic acid sequence homology in nasopharyngeal and throat swabs taken 24 hours apart. However, when performing AGP for unknown, suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients, WHO, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and CHP recommend full barrier protection to avoid disease transmission to health care providers. However, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient services and endoscopy services have been reduced by 60% and 80% respectively to minimize social contact, conserve PPE, and reduce the risk of viral transmission amongst patients and health care providers. Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings cache = ./cache/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352871-0xgjpd80 author = Pérez Bartolomé, Francisco title = Manifestaciones oftalmológicas del SARS-Cov-2: Revisión de la literatura date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4221 sentences = 371 flesch = 54 summary = En Diciembre de 2019 se identificaron a los primeros pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), denominada COVID-19, en Wuhan, China 1,2 . Se procedió a la combinación de diferentes palabras clave, tales como "SARS-Cov-2", "COVID 19", "2019-nCoV", "Coronavirus 2019", y (término "AND" en el proceso de búsqueda avanzada) "Ophthalmology", "Eye disease", "Conjunctivitis", "Ocular Surface", "Glaucoma", "Orbit", "Tears", "Uveitis", "Retina", "Vasculitis", "ophthalmoparesis", "palsy", "optic nerve", "anterior ischemic optic neuropathy" (AION), "retinal venous occlusion" (RVO), "retinal artery occlusion" (RAO). La primera referencia de conjuntivitis por SARS-CoV-2 figura en una carta al editor, publicada en la revista "The Lancet" 28 , en la que describe el cuadro de enrojecimiento ocular unilateral en un experto neumólogo (ataviado con su equipo de protección y una mascarilla N95, pero sin gafas protectoras), días después de haber visitado un hospital de Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352998-02pc3z8n author = Huang, Shanshan title = COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3975 sentences = 234 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey-based, cross-sectional study, in which we aimed to assess the clinical status of PWE in Wuhan and its surrounding cities during the COVID-19 outbreak, and more importantly, to explore the effect of the viral epidemic on seizure incidence. • A small proportion of patients with epilepsy experienced seizure exacerbation during the outbreak of COVID-19 • Seizure exacerbation is associated with exposure history to COVID-19, worry about a negative effect of COVID-19 on seizure-related issues, inappropriate change of AED treatment, and uncontrolled seizures, including unsuccessful AED treatment, as well as frequent seizures • Stress is an independent precipitant for triggering seizures in some patients with epilepsy and the rating scales Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). cache = ./cache/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352969-rpt7xja6 author = Kataria, Ashish title = COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5975 sentences = 367 flesch = 45 summary = 1, 4 Solid organ transplant (SOT) patients including kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 because of immunosuppressive (IS) medication use, elderly age (>65 y), and preexisting comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. 71, 72 At this time, there is no evidence to suggest that kidney transplant patients are at an increased risk of thrombotic events compared with the general population for disease of similar severity. cache = ./cache/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author = Carlos, Ruth C. title = Defining the Recovery date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1355 sentences = 72 flesch = 50 summary = "Hyperlocality," a neologism, emphasizes the unique coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related experiences of each of the communities served by our radiology practices and health care institutions. The JACR has responded quickly to the need for rapid review and dissemination of COVID-19-related information to help practices manage the acute phase of the pandemic and signpost the coming recovery by using an existing expedited peer-review process for high-impact manuscripts and fast-tracked online publication of preproofs. Variables influencing radiology volume recovery during the next phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Changes in interventional radiology practice in a tertiary academic center in the-United States during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ACR statement on safe resumption of routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Rescheduling non-urgent care in radiology: implementation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Transparency and trust during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353059-39msyuxb author = Chroboczek, T. title = Beneficial effect of corticosteroids in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a propensity score matching analysis. date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3478 sentences = 197 flesch = 48 summary = In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate determinants of the prognosis of the disease in 70 patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia (i.e. requiring at least 3 liters of oxygen) hospitalized between 10 March and 9 April, 2020, in the Centre Hospitalier Alpes Leman, France. The patient's demographic information (age and gender), clinical characteristics (fever, cough, dyspnea and oxygen dose requirement at day 1 of hospitalization, dysosmia, dysgeusia), and duration from symptom's onset (i.e. time point when the symptoms were first noticed by patients or their relatives) to admission were collected from the electronic medical system. In this study, we showed that corticosteroids prescription is likely to prevent the worsening of COVID-19 severe pneumonia, as its administration was associated with a lower risk of orotracheal intubation and ventilation in the ICU. cache = ./cache/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353004-ocnp758o author = Prakash, Lakshmanan title = COVID-19 in the operating room: a review of evolving safety protocols date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4378 sentences = 261 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "surgeon", "health-care workers", "protection" and "Orthopaedic Surgery". A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "surgeon", "health-care workers", "protection" and "Orthopaedic Surgery". Not much has been written on the risks involved, methods and precautions required for an orthopedic surgeon and his operating room personnel whilst carrying out surgical procedures within the theatre. He proposed an decision-making algorithm ( Fig. 1 ) for deciding whether and when to proceed with an elective surgery, based on surgical indications and predicted requirement of critical resources, including blood product transfusions, estimated length of hospital stay, and the possible requirement for post-operative ventilation and ICU care [14] . Surgeons and personnel not needed for intubation should remain outside the operating room until anesthesia induction and intubation are completed for patients with or suspected of having COVID-19 infection [24] . cache = ./cache/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353072-n92atcrx author = Kadkhoda, Kamran title = COVID-19: an Immunopathological View date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2045 sentences = 107 flesch = 45 summary = Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This is consistent with high-level surface expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, on pneumocytes (2) . In the context of COVID-19, since ACE2 is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (9), shedding the virus in the stool is prolonged (10); however, diarrhea is uncommon likely because virus-specific effector memory T cells typically home to the mucosal surfaces they had previously encountered with an infection with a common CoV, i.e., upper and lower respiratory tract. It has recently been shown that SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV take advantage of non-or subneutralizing antibodies and enter cells via surface CD32a receptors (Trojan horse mechanism) (11, 12) . cache = ./cache/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353113-peqzaupr author = Wang, Yan title = Case Report: Opportunities for Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients—Lessons From a Death Case date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2364 sentences = 133 flesch = 52 summary = Patients presenting with respiratory distress (respiratory rate [RR] ≥30 breaths/min), low oxygen saturation at rest (SpO 2 ≤93%), or arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≤300 mmHg are diagnosed as severe cases; critical cases develop worse conditions, such as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, or other organ failure, requiring an intensive care unit. On February 7, the Centers for Disease Control confirmed that the patient's oropharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive; thus, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 (severe case), ARDS, and hypertension. PaO 2 and CRP seemed to improve with increasing FiO 2 (up to 100%) and the use of methylprednisolone, but the clinical manifestation persisted, and, on February 15, PaO 2 could not be maintained; it fell to 35 mmHg, the SpO 2 was at 45%, the RR at 50 breaths/min, and confusion occurred. cache = ./cache/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352911-9wbq9qo2 author = de Oliveira, Pedro Gonçalves title = Diacerein: a potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19 date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2539 sentences = 135 flesch = 45 summary = The mortality related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients has been suggested to be connected with cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), an excessive immune response that severely damages healthy lung tissue. Total extracts from monolayer cell cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with rhein under the conditions described above will be analysed using commercially available protein arrays to determine the levels and activation state of proteins involved in the TLR-, Akt-, MAPK-, and NF-B-regulated signalling pathways. The mechanisms of action involved include the control of hyperinflammatory conditions by multi-faceted cytokine inhibition of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α; anti-platelet aggregation activity; and potential effects on viral infection and replication. Rhein suppresses lung inflammatory injury induced by human respiratory syncytial virus through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NF-κB pathway in mice cache = ./cache/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353228-fxrf5wsp author = Xiao, Yaru title = Clinical characteristics of diarrhea in 90 cases with COVID-19: a descriptive study date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1639 sentences = 115 flesch = 54 summary = Among the gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 cases including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, diarrhea is the one that possibly increases the chance of potential fecal-oral transmission but could be easily overlooked by health care workers. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive study on the clinical features of ninety COVID-19 patients with diarrhea as the symptom before admission based on our first-hand experience, aiming to achieve a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and help the clinicians accurately and promptly identify infected cases. Among the 912 cases with COVID-19 we retrieved, 90 patients (9.87％) presented with diarrhea, and their demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were summarized, as shown in Table 1 . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353200-5csewb1k author = Jehi, Lara title = Development and validation of a model for individualized prediction of hospitalization risk in 4,536 patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4344 sentences = 226 flesch = 40 summary = OBJECTIVE: To characterize a large cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, their outcomes, develop and validate a statistical model that allows individualized prediction of future hospitalization risk for a patient newly diagnosed with COVID-19. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 applying a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm to retain the most predictive features for hospitalization risk, followed by validation in a temporally distinct patient cohort. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, clinical, social influencers of health, exposure risk, medical co-morbidities, vaccination history, presenting symptoms, medications, and laboratory values were collected on all patients, and considered in our model development. Hospitalization risk prediction and outcomes in COVID-19 PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237419 August 11, 2020 2 / 15 ethical restrictions by the Cleveland clinic regulatory bodies including the institutional review Board and legal counsel. We also develop and validate a statistical model that can assist with individualized prediction of hospitalization risk for a patient with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353229-k3zerr83 author = Akca, Ummusen Kaya title = Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4365 sentences = 281 flesch = 42 summary = Herein, we report the characteristics of four patients with Kawasaki-like phenotype associated with COVID-19 from Turkey and analyze the features of similar published cases through a systematic literature review. Diagnosis of complete KD was based on the criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA): the presence of fever for at least 5 days accompanied by the presence of at least four of the following five findings: bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the lips and oral cavity, skin rash, and changes in extremities, including indurative angioedema and desquamation [18] . Children with persistent fever, inflammation (neutrophilia, high CRP, and lymphopenia), and single or multi-organ dysfunction have been identified in the UK as "Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in relation to SARSCoV-2 (PMIS-TS)" regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results [73] . Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort cache = ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353196-pbjrgyj2 author = Keeney, Tamra title = Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1156 sentences = 58 flesch = 34 summary = This expected surge in rehabilitation needs has sparked national-level conversations around the importance of physical therapy for COVID-19 survivors in home and communitybased settings 1-3 as well as in postacute care facilities. In recent years, pressure to decrease hospital length of stay and increase "through-put"-the rate at which patients are moved in and out of the system-has contributed to a culture in many acute care environments whereby physical therapy functions primarily as a consultation service for discharge recommendations. Now, as COVID-19 ravages many long-term care and rehabilitation centers, patients are increasingly denied acceptance to these facilities and decisions Increased rehabilitation staffing in acute care ensures rehabilitative care is consistently delivered to patients with skilled therapy needs and may result in faster functional gains during hospitalization. Although rehabilitation utilization in hospitals varies enormously based on institution size, financial resources, and geographic location, it is clear that even in settings where acute care physical therapy is well staffed and well-funded, expansion of our roles is essential. cache = ./cache/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353235-jiqhgf56 author = Bigliardi, Guido title = Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and COVID-19: a case report date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1062 sentences = 82 flesch = 49 summary = We present a clinical case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory symptoms, complicated with a pro-thrombotic state involving multiple vascular territories and concomitant interleukin-6 increase. Here, we report a case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed severe coagulopathy affecting both pulmonary and cerebral vessels. In the following days, the patient respiratory symptoms worsened with increasing need for oxygen therapy. Arterial and venous thrombotic events are recognized complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Klok et al. Of note, severe respiratory failure was heralded by a marked D-dimer increase 5 days earlier (Fig. 1) . This case underlines the importance of constant neurological monitoring in COVID-19 patients during ICU staying, especially in those with suspected thrombotic events, to detect possible neurological complications. High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353254-8xa0is5g author = Katzman, Joanna G title = COVID-19 Has Provided 20/20 Vision Illuminating Our Nation’s Health Crises date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 901 sentences = 61 flesch = 52 summary = (9) Approximately 42 Million Americans suffer from loneliness, which significantly worsened across the country as the COVID-19 pandemic forced more Americans to stay at home.(9) Most continue to rightfully shelter in place when possible, and others have rigid restrictions imposed on those who may come to visit them. At the same time, we need to have a cohesive national strategy that is thinking proactively about the hundreds of millions that continue to suffer from the public health epidemics of chronic pain, opioid overdose, suicide and loneliness while also addressing the drop in cancer screenings, and vascular disease prevention and treatment. The medical and public health communities are already working together to improve the lives of all Americans related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our Health is the Public's Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises cache = ./cache/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353173-5c4n4tsf author = Comunian, Silvia title = Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8325 sentences = 405 flesch = 47 summary = Concerning the effect of PM pollution and the spread of viruses in the population, several recent studies have analyzed whether the different areas of the world with a high and rapid increase in COVID-19's contagion were correlated to a greater level of air pollution. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The microbiological analysis revealed the presence of pathogens adsorbed to the particles [31] , and in alveolar cells and in the Summing up, the exposure to polluting agents alters the immune response of the lung cells and induces an increase in oxidative and inflammatory stress. cache = ./cache/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353110-0oxy9b1p author = Hastie, Claire E. title = Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2337 sentences = 159 flesch = 50 summary = • We explored whether blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk among UK Biobank participants, and whether this explained wholly, or in part, the higher incidence of COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority participants. • Our analyses of UK Biobank data provided no evidence to support a potential role for (25(OH)D) concentration to explain susceptibility to COVID-19 infection either overall or in explaining differences between ethnic groups. 11 In this study, we hypothesised that blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk among UK Biobank participants, and explained wholly, or in part, the higher incidence of COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority participants. Our analyses of UK Biobank data provided no evidence to support a potential role for 0.029 OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval *also adjusted for sex, month of assessment, Townsend deprivation quintile, household income, self-reported health rating, smoking status, BMI category, age at assessment, diabetes, SBP, DBP, and long-standing illness, disability or infirmity cache = ./cache/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353321-56zhxd6e author = Ma, Shujuan title = Epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis of publicly reported individual data of 1155 cases from seven countries date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5683 sentences = 327 flesch = 54 summary = This study aimed to obtain robust estimates of the incubation period, upper limit of latent period (interval between exposure of infector and infectee), serial interval, time point of exposure and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19. This study aimed to obtain robust estimates of the incubation period, upper limit of latent period (interval between infector's exposure and infectee's exposure), serial interval, time point of exposure (the day of infectee's exposure to infector relative to the latter's symptom onset date) and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19. Specifically, it was aimed to obtain robust estimates of the following epidemiological parameters of COVID-19: 1) incubation period, 2) the upper limit of latent period, as the exact latent period cannot be observed, 3) serial interval, 4) time point of exposure, referring to the day of infectee's exposure to infector relative to the latter's symptom onset date, and 5) R0. cache = ./cache/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353293-vjdwh19x author = nan title = Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3856 sentences = 175 flesch = 36 summary = Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy) has set up a multidisciplinary healthcare service called "Post-COVID-19 Day Hospital." The specialist assessments offered to patients are outlined in the following sections. Furthermore, the important role of geriatrician acting as a care manager of patients who suffered COVID-19 disease is described. A respiratory follow-up is of pivotal importance to evaluate lung function, alveolar-arterial gas exchange, and exercise tolerance in recovered non-infective COVID-19 patients [5] . In this Post-COVID-19 Day Hospital, internal medicine and geriatric specialists are integrated with infectious disease physicians, pneumologists, immuno-rheumatologists, and other specialists into the management of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a whole, the post-acute care service at the Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli aims at expanding the knowledge of COVID-19 and its impact on health status and care needs as well as at promoting healthcare strategies to treat and prevent the clinical consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different organs and systems. cache = ./cache/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353281-leb7c7b0 author = Spiezia, Luca title = COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1138 sentences = 70 flesch = 45 summary = In late December 2019 an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. We aimed to evaluate coagulation abnormalities via traditional tests and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles in a group of 22 (mean age 67 ± 8 years, M:F 20:2) consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Padova University Hospital for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Interestingly enough, markedly hypercoagulable thromboelastometry profiles were observed in COVID-19 patients, as reflected by shorter Clot Formation Time (CFT) in INTEM ( p = 0.0002) and EXTEM ( p = 0.01) and higher Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) in INTEM, EXTEM and FIBTEM ( p < 0.001 in all comparisons). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure present with severe hypercoagulability due to hyperfibrinogenemia resulting in increased fibrin formation and polymerization that may predispose to thrombosis. cache = ./cache/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353365-ujz5nkk3 author = Pirnay, Jean-Paul title = Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Belgian Military Education and Training Center in Maradi, Niger date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4773 sentences = 246 flesch = 53 summary = The medical military command implemented testing of all Belgian soldiers for SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibodies, two to three days before their departure on a mission abroad or on the high seas, and for specific missions immediately upon their return in Belgium. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Belgian military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, was characterized by mild symptoms in five soldiers and asymptomatic infection in two soldiers (one trainer), both having a viral load, as diagnosed upon their timely return to Belgium. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Belgian military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, was characterized by mild symptoms in five soldiers and asymptomatic infection in two soldiers (one trainer), both having a viral load, as diagnosed upon their timely return to Belgium. cache = ./cache/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353163-gr1t3l8z author = Hughes, Helen E title = Emergency department use during COVID-19 as described by syndromic surveillance date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2121 sentences = 141 flesch = 54 summary = The 2020 'COVID-19' period (12 March 2020 to 26 April 2020) attendances were compared with the equivalent 2019 'pre-COVID-19' period (14 March 2019 to 28 April 2019): in total; by hour and day of the week; age group(<1, 1-4, 15-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years); gender; acuity; and for selected syndromic indicators(acute respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, myocardial ischaemia). [2] [3] [4] This anonymised subset of ECDS data is received on a daily basis, enabling a near real-time syndromic surveillance service, which feeds into PHE public health monitoring activities (including the COVID-19 response) and with weekly EDSSS surveillance bulletins made publicly available. The average daily attendances were calculated with the percentage difference between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 in total by sex, age group, acuity, day of the week and by selected syndromic surveillance indicators. cache = ./cache/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353019-7wj0eu1f author = Alcadipani, Rafael title = Pandemic and Macho Organizations: Wakeup Call or Business as Usual? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7183 sentences = 458 flesch = 63 summary = The cult of masculinity is performed, for example, in police storytelling within the organization making a natural feature the use of violence and force when facing "bad-guys" (Dick, 2005) and also the need to prove their masculinity in daily work (Wilson, 1968) . If machismo and masculinity are cornerstones of police occupational culture, how will these elements play out in the extreme context of pandemic times when police officers need to be deployed to the front line? When I was going to the lecture theatre, a police detective who works at the Academy approached me and said, "Professor, there are some students concerned about attending your talk due to COVID-19. Under their macho police culture facing danger, making displays of hegemonic masculinity such as avoiding showing fear, was their reaction towards the virus threat. Either the pandemic situation seems to be putting police macho masculinity in danger (for the good), or at least it shows how problematic it can be for organizations. cache = ./cache/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353116-7t1prfkr author = Bhargava, Ashish title = Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2635 sentences = 188 flesch = 55 summary = BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI 2.5-22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.3-5.6) and initial CRP (OR,1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen at the time of hospitalization and initial CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19 infections. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness in the studied cohort were cough (141 including higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those patients with non-severe infection. In our study we report pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen requirement at admission, acute renal insufficiency, and initial CRP value as independent predictors of severe COVID-19 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353283-rlvfk8w8 author = Liu, D. title = Pleotropic association between risk and prognosis of COVID-19 and gene expression in blood and lung: A Mendelian randomization analysis date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3218 sentences = 213 flesch = 52 summary = Pervious genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified potential genetic factors involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. Methods: We applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically/potentially causally associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. In this paper, we applied the summary data-based MR (SMR) method integrating summarized GWAS data for COVID-19 and cis-eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) data to prioritize genes that are pleiotropically/potentially causally associated with the risk and prognosis of COVID-19. In the present study, we integrated GWAS and eQTL data in the MR analysis to explore putative genes that showed pleiotropic/potentially causal association the susceptibility/prognosis of COVID-19. We only performed analyses using blood and lung eQTL data, more studies are needed to explore tissueand cell-type-specific genes involved in the host responses to COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353329-ju3vwlow author = Haroon, Khawaja Hassan title = COVID-19 Related Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Complications in Three Young Patients date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2006 sentences = 128 flesch = 56 summary = We describe clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of three young patients who presented with ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis to our hospital within the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak. His CT of the brain, CT angiogram and CT perfusion ( Fig. 1a -e) showed acute established infarct in the right frontal lobe and basal ganglia, large matched defect in the right MCA territory and occlusion of right CCA and right terminal ICA with no evidence of dissection as well as lung findings suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. He was transferred to medical ICU for close monitoring and his follow-up non-contrast CT of the head (Fig. 1f ) revealed large right MCA territory infarct. Our first and second patient showed significant arterial lesions, while the third patient showed a high burden of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with raised D-dimers and inflammatory markers, leading to stroke. cache = ./cache/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353509-yfkiaq80 author = Nugraha, Rhea Veda title = Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7433 sentences = 413 flesch = 48 summary = This review discusses some herbal agents extracted from various plants, including Echinacea, Cinchona, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which are considered for the treatment of COVID-19. e single cause of this highly communicable disease is a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the seventh known virus of the Coronaviridae family capable of infecting humans [2] . Studies that describe the relation of some herbal drugs with the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, treatment, and prevention remain to be explained. in their systematic review about convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) for the treatment of COVID-19 suggested that CPT could be an effective therapeutic option with promising evidence on safety, improvement of clinical symptoms, and reduced mortality, in addition to antiviral/antimicrobial drugs. A clinical trial study is needed to confirm the effect of using curcumin as a preventive agent against COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353445-0n51j2jo author = Stein-Zamir, Chen title = A large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools’ reopening, Israel, May 2020 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2083 sentences = 131 flesch = 60 summary = Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. According to the epidemiological investigation, both students attended school during the days of 19-21 May and reported mild symptoms (anosmia, ageusia, fever and headache). With the emergence of two unrelated cases within 2 days, the district health office declared an 'outbreak status' including school closure, isolation instructions and testing of the school community. In a study in New York State, Kawasaki-like disease and myocarditis have been linked to COVID-19 infection, with the condition termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353373-zhkqnu0w author = Seidu, Samuel title = The impact of obesity on severe disease and mortality in people with SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2872 sentences = 159 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: Obesity accompanied by excess ectopic fat storage has been postulated as a risk factor for severe disease in people with SARS‐CoV‐2 through the stimulation of inflammation, functional immunologic deficit and a pro‐thrombotic disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated high rates of venous thromboembolism. METHODS: Observational studies in COVID‐19 patients reporting data on raised body mass index at admission and associated clinical outcomes were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 16 May 2020. 2 Recent studies have increasingly described obesity as an associating factor for people at an increased risk of severe disease. 15 In order to attempt to quantify the relationship between raised body weight and severe outcomes from COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether people with overweight or obesity and with SARS-CoV-2 have different outcomes compared to those within normal weight thresholds. cache = ./cache/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353465-pej4e9z0 author = Ranjan, A. title = FeverIQ - A Privacy-Preserving COVID-19 SymptomTracker with 3.6 Million Reports date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3163 sentences = 191 flesch = 51 summary = Unlike other trackers, FeverIQ uses secure multiparty computation (SMC) to cryptographically guarantee user privacy while providing insights to scientists and public health efforts. To address this need while cryptographically protecting the participant's privacy, the web application used SMC to determine four scores designed to capture the similarity of the user's symptoms to four preconfigured 'diagnosis' vectors: COVID-19-base, COVID-19-neuro, cold, and flu. We performed linear estimation on the inner product symptom scores for each of the four diagnosis vectors, by randomly dividing the data with complete input vectors and a reported test result into training and test sets (4:1 ratio). When we run the linear classifier on all participants who reported symptoms and provided complete input vectors, we found 3.4% were predicted positive, in line with results seen in seroprevalence surveys, such as 1.5% in Santa Clara County 24 , although publicly available positivity data vary widely. cache = ./cache/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353615-9aj5yxkd author = Colaneri, Marta title = Running out of bullets: the challenging management of acute hepatitis and SARS‐COV‐2 from the SMatteo COvid19 Registry (SMACORE) date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1604 sentences = 89 flesch = 45 summary = Since several of the currently administered drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are possibly hepatotoxic, the management of patients with COVID‐19 and liver failure is still an almost unexplored field. Beyond the well-known catastrophic pulmonary effects of coronavirus disease 2019 , the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been associated with a significant damage to other organ systems, including kidney, heart, vessels and liver (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) . et al (12) , patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection with liver injury and coagulation dysfunction were more likely to develop severe illness and had higher mortality. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatitis B virus Co-infection Characteristics of liver function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection cache = ./cache/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353275-pindjvhk author = Khurana, A. title = Prevalence and clinical correlates of COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in a tertiary level hospital date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4284 sentences = 288 flesch = 56 summary = In this study, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreak among Healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital and compared various parameters and preventive measures taken by positive HCWs to a comparable cohort of COVID negative HCWs. 52.1% of COVID-19 positive HCWs showed symptoms of which only three needed hospitalization possibly due to a younger cohort of HCWs who got infected (35.9 +9.3 years). We also observed outbreak control with increased awareness, near universal testing, PPE provision, sanitization drive, and promoting social distancing among HCWs. An epidemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive sense single stranded RNA virus of zoonotic origin, emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Findings of present study found some protective role of full course (7 weeks) of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine as compared to a control group of negative healthcare workers with p=0.021 and use of N95 masks over others. cache = ./cache/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353530-seu53c4s author = Bonavita, Simona title = Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 865 sentences = 58 flesch = 52 summary = We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologists involved in the care of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) face a particular challenge since many of these patients (i) are on an immunotherapy, or (ii) belong-due to their disability and/or comorbidities-to the vulnerable proportion of the population, or both. Approaches to decrease the burden for health care workers and mitigate their risk (a) Empower improved handling of inbound volume (b) Reduce unnecessary visits and increase efficiency of triage protocols by proactively engaging patients through customized digital programs and care pathways. A possible way to pursue this objective is to use digital tools for surveillance and to triage patients through remote assessment of symptoms based on the US Center of Disease Control guidelines. cache = ./cache/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353354-34tqy9tb author = Sheshah, Eman title = Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3362 sentences = 166 flesch = 47 summary = title: Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia This retrospective study aimed to characterize comorbidities and associated with mortality among hospitalized adults with Covid-19 managed as per the Saudi Ministry of Health protocol in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The present retrospective study aims to determine the common comorbidities and risk factors that are associated with mortality among hospitalized patients admitted for Covid-19 and managed as per the Saudi MoH protocol for patients suspected of/confirmed with COVID-19 in a single specialized tertiary hospital in the capital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of T2DM and hypertension among hospitalized Covid-19 patients have already been observed not only in majority of industrialized countries with high cases of SARS-CoV2 infection, but have also been associated with higher risk for severe outcomes, including death [11] [12] [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353519-cmeociax author = Jay Miller, J. title = Child Welfare Workers and Peritraumatic Distress: The Impact of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4802 sentences = 278 flesch = 49 summary = This exploratory study examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress among child welfare workers (N=1,996) in one southeastern state in the United States (U.S.). Sexual orientation, self-reported physical and mental health, relationship status, supervision status, and financial stability impacted distress levels experienced by child welfare workers. In a broader review of six articles published about the impact of COVID on healthcare workers, Spoorthy, Pratapa, and Mahant (2020) concluded that factors such as gender, age, and lack of social support, among others, were linked to stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among study participants. Research Question 1: What are COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress levels among child welfare workers? This study is likely the first to examine COVID-19 related distress among child welfare workers. In addition, though exploratory, the study has a more than adequate sample size of child welfare workers and examines the concept of peritraumatic distress related to the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353484-q7d0ysbo author = Liu, Xue title = COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8557 sentences = 465 flesch = 41 summary = Given the urgency of the outbreak, we focus here on recent advances in the diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 infection, helping to guide strategies to address the current COVID-19 pandemic. Another type of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that detects the presence of viral antigens expressed by SARS-CoV-2 virus in a respiratory tract sample is of low complexity and may provide results typically within 30 minutes [68, 69] . Studies in Vero E6 cells have suggested that favipiravir can cripple the SARS-CoV-2 virus (EC50 = 61.88 μM) [88] , and patients with COVID-19 are being recruited in randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of favipiravir plus other antivirals (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov: ChiCTR2000029600, ChiCTR2000029544). As no specific therapeutic agents or vaccines are available for COVID-19, this therapy is the only strategy that is immediately available for use to prevent and treat a novel, emerging infectious disease such as SARS-CoV-2 infection [121, 122] . cache = ./cache/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353391-o0s2h0y0 author = Haj Bloukh, Samir title = A Look Behind the Scenes at COVID-19: National Strategies of Infection Control and Their Impact on Mortality date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9925 sentences = 539 flesch = 54 summary = To investigate the importance of serum vitamin D levels, median age, temperature, and humidity we compare infection control measures and their impact on COVID-19-related fatalities in Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland ( Figure 1 ). A study compared community-wide mask compliance in relation to the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases/fatalities in Hong Kong, Singapore, and other countries [29] . This mask-wearing strategy combined with social distancing, personal hygiene, cancellation of social gatherings, use of the home office, and school closures resulted in the effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to other neighboring countries [29] . We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353599-cw29edwr author = Kelleni, Mina T. title = Early use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in COVID-19 might reverse pathogenesis, prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2610 sentences = 116 flesch = 39 summary = In this manuscript, we present a novel theory to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19; lymphocyte distraction theory upon which the author has used, in a preprinted protocol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); diclofenac potassium, ibuprofen and ketoprofen, successfully to treat COVID-19 patients. It was previously suggested that SARS CoV induced lymphopenia is likely to be caused by indirect mechanisms such as an increase in cortisol levels that occurred as part of the body stress response to this severe respiratory viral infection or by an iatrogenic effect of glucocorticoids used to manage those patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353537-skeajydw author = Zhang, Xian title = Asymptomatic Subclinical Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 without Viral Transmission in Three Independent Families date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2098 sentences = 119 flesch = 49 summary = Their close contacts were systematically evaluated based on COVID-19-related symptoms, nucleic acid tests, serological tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) as needed to determine if they were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Three medical staff diagnosed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection by serological tests after returning to work and their family members were recruited for this study. The patients and their close contacts were systematically evaluated based on COVID-19-related symptoms, nucleic acid tests, serological tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) as needed to determine if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. All their family members-including four old people, three young persons, and three children-showed no symptoms of COVID-19, and their nucleic acid and antibody tests were negative, indicating that they were not infected. During the following 2 months more, almost covering the whole disease process, from the incubation period to the recovery period, the indexes lived together with their family members, including a nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient who is theoretically vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to impaired immune function as a result of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, without taking any protective measures. cache = ./cache/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353410-tbmtg88k author = Sharma, Shreela V. title = Using a rapid assessment methodology to identify and address immediate needs among low-income households with children during COVID-19 date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3942 sentences = 205 flesch = 56 summary = Due to COVID-19-related school closures, states were under "shelter in place" orders, and Brighter Bites administered a rapid assessment survey to identify social needs among their families. While overall results of the qualitative thematic analysis for the n = 1048 participants are presented elsewhere (Sharma et al., under review) , a qualitative analysis of participant responses in the high-risk group revealed four major themes presented in Table 2 : fear of contracting COVID-19, disruption of employment status, financial hardship, and exacerbated food insecurity. Conducting a COVID-19 rapid response survey was a purposeful decision on part of Brighter Bites to identify those with highest need during this time of crisis and develop a framework to immediately address a variety of social needs among those in the "high risk" category. cache = ./cache/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353312-9hd54ug5 author = Al‐Hebshi, Abdulqader title = A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID‐19 infection date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 546 sentences = 43 flesch = 57 summary = title: A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID‐19 infection 3 Viral infections are triggers of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) and acute chest syndrome (ACS). On physical examination, she was in moderate to severe pain without respiratory distress, oxygen saturation 99% at room air, heart rate 95/minute, temperature 38.5 • C, respiratory rate 20 breath/minute, and blood pressure 121/61 mmHg. A systemic examination showed generalized mild tenderness in both thighs and arms, and she was otherwise normal. Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beneficial effect of intravenous dexamethasone in children with mild to moderately severe acute chest syndrome complicating sickle cell disease Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab cache = ./cache/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353588-8uyezpko author = Casali, Nicole title = “Andrà tutto bene”: Associations Between Character Strengths, Psychological Distress and Self-efficacy During Covid-19 Lockdown date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7330 sentences = 307 flesch = 44 summary = Data were collected from 944 Italian respondents (mean age = 37.24 years, SD = 14.50) by means of an online survey investigating character strengths, psychological distress and Covid-19-related self-efficacy one month after lockdown began. This factor had the greatest associations with the DASS-21 (β = −0.48) and SEC (β = 0.48), followed by the GHQ-12 (β = −0.38), indicating that people well-endowed with transcendence strengths (e.g. hope, zest, gratitude) scored higher for general mental health, lower for psychological distress (fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress), and higher for self-efficacy in coping with the lockdown situation. Turning to our main aim, we examined the associations between character strengths and both mental health (in general, and distress in particular) and Covid-19-related self-efficacy at both factor and single-strength levels. In conclusion, this study examines the associations of character strengths with Covid-19-related psychological distress and self-efficacy under lockdown in such a severelyaffected population as the Italian one. cache = ./cache/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353548-kf4om6iu author = Ruiz-Manriquez, J. title = Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2749 sentences = 180 flesch = 53 summary = An electronic questionnaire was applied that was designed to evaluate the knowledge of symptoms, risk groups for severe disease, prevention measures, and the reprocessing of endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. [10] [11] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of Latin American gastroenterology and endoscopy professionals in relation to the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the prevention measures recommended during patient care and the performance of endoscopic procedures, including the reprocessing of equipment utilized on patients with the disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study on gastroenterologists and endoscopists (residents and specialists) working in public hospitals from nine Latin American countries (Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Guatemala, Uruguay, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic). The present study described the current knowledge of 133 Latin American residents and specialists in gastroenterology and endoscopy about symptoms, risk groups, transmission, and endoscopic equipment reprocessing in relation to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353586-motgn69w author = Indu Subramanian title = Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1809 sentences = 87 flesch = 42 summary = title: Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic Hoping for the Best, Planning for the Worst: Palliative care Approach to Parkinson Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic ABSTRACT: Palliative care emphasizes expertise in handling difficult conversations, discussing patients' wishes and supporting the caregiver(s). Here we outline the palliative approach of hoping for the best while preparing for the worst in several "what if" scenarios for people with Parkinson disease and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we outline the palliative approach of hoping for the best while preparing for the worst in several "what if" scenarios for people with Parkinson disease and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic presents an important opportunity to discuss goals of care, and to revisit or establish advance care plans specifically related to COVID-19 or a decline in health. cache = ./cache/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353515-92qqucyl author = Okura, Hiroyuki title = Update of Takotsubo Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 263 flesch = 44 summary = Since the initial reports from Japan [1] [2] [3] [4] , takotsubo cardiomyopathy or takotsubo syndrome (TTS) has become globally recognized as a unique syndrome mimicking acute coronary syndrome triggered by emotional or physical stress [5] . Although left ventriculography was originally used to detect its unique morphology mimicking "takotsubo", echocardiography is currently an essential imaging modality to detect segmental as well as global wall motion abnormalities in patients with TTS. In addition, a study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of right ventricular involvement in 81 of 239 (34%) TTS patients [35] . First, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) may develop in TTS patients with apical ballooning and a hyperkinetic basal wall motion (Fig. 6) . Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: a novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction Biventricular takotsubo cardiomyopathy with asymmetrical wall motion abnormality between left and right ventricle: a report of new case and literature review cache = ./cache/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353717-jjd90fyh author = Singhavi, Ravi title = A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1459 sentences = 78 flesch = 43 summary = title: A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 In this report, we present a case of acute hemolytic anemia with acute myocarditis and cardiogenic shock in a male patient with COVID-19 infection. In this report, we presented a case of a COVID-19 patient who developed acute myocarditis and severe acute hemolytic anemia, as evident from peripheral blood smear showing schistocytes (fragmented RBCs) in peripheral smear with acute severe anemia along with elevated LDH, which is also a surrogate marker for hemolysis. To date, no case of severe hemolytic anemias with stress cardiomyopathy/acute myocarditis in a patient of COVID-19 have been formally reported in the literature. To date, no case of severe hemolytic anemias with stress cardiomyopathy/acute myocarditis in a patient of COVID-19 have been formally reported in the literature. cache = ./cache/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353628-f6ew980g author = Zayet, Souheil title = Encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19: ‘Causality or coincidence?’ date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1521 sentences = 102 flesch = 51 summary = Since its discovery in December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused several clinical presentations: mainly respiratory, rarely gastrointestinal, and exceptionally neurological. In addition to the usual symptoms (general, respiratory and otorhinolaryngological) of the infection with SARS-CoV-2, several authors have described neurological manifestations as headache, nausea, and vomiting. These viruses can invade brainstem via a synapse-connected route from the lungs and airways 9 .Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and others CoVs 10 , it is still not clearly known whether the potential neuro-invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 9,11,12 . Therefore, in the context of COVID pandemic, it would be reasonable to perform a thoracic CT and a RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in case of encephalopathy with normal lumbar puncture and brain imaging. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353592-gsvobusu author = Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes title = Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7599 sentences = 341 flesch = 45 summary = Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353621-t5tev985 author = Gallina, Pasquale title = Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 315 sentences = 25 flesch = 59 summary = key: cord-353621-t5tev985 title: Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. cord_uid: t5tev985 Dear Editor, 1 We read with interest the paper by Cesari and 2 Proietti 1 entitled "COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision making in 3 a pandemic", which rejects a priori discrimination of aged people in 4 access to care. COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision 89 making in a pandemic Universal 93 do-not-resuscitate orders, social worth, and life-years: opposing 94 discriminatory approaches to the allocation of resources during the 95 COVID-19 pandemic and other health system satastrophes Fair allocation of scarce 98 medical resources in the time of Covid-19 Clinical ethics 101 recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in 102 exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian 103 perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic. SIAARTI 106 recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in 107 exceptional, resource-limited circumstances Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353594-z1vxamvp author = Gagiannis, Daniel title = Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4997 sentences = 246 flesch = 40 summary = Since we observed similarities between COVID-19 and interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD), we investigated features of autoimmunity in SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Patients or their relatives had given written informed consent to routine diagnostic procedures (serology, bronchoscopy, radiology) as well as (partial) autopsy in the case of death, respectively, as well as to the scientific use of data and tissue samples in the present study. Our finding that significant ANA titers and/or detection of specific autoantibodies are found in most patients who develop ARDS raises the question if there is a comparable mechanism of lung damage between SARS-CoV-2 infection and exacerbating autoimmune disease. Our observation of CTD-associated autoantibodies together with the CTD-like radiologic and histopathologic lung findings in severe cases of COVID-19 point towards a possible dysregulation of the immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection that might fuel organizing pneumonia and trigger interstitial fibrosis, with deleterious effects on the functional outcome in long-term survivors. cache = ./cache/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353749-2vlc11rx author = Stricker, Raphael B title = Flattening the Risk: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3090 sentences = 200 flesch = 50 summary = 24 In one uncontrolled study, HCQ prophylaxis in a hospital setting with a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure prevented dissemination of viral infection. 40 The second case-control study of HCWs found that four or more weekly doses of HCQ resulted in significantly less infection with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted odds ratio 0.44, p<0.001). 45 In a retrospective cohort study of 32,109 rheumatic disease patients from the US Veterans Health Administration, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was equivalent regardless of chronic HCQ use (0.3% in users versus 0.4% in non-users), but mortality was significantly decreased in patients taking HCQ (odds ratio 0.70, p=0.0031). SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on chronic hydroxychloroquine therapy: implications for prophylaxis Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study Hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic era: in pursuit of a rational use for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection cache = ./cache/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353690-m79zl7ka author = Balmford, Andrew title = COVID-19: Analogues and lessons for tackling the extinction and climate crises date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1315 sentences = 72 flesch = 51 summary = As environmental scientists working in countries whose COVID-linked deaths already exceed their military casualties from all campaigns since 1945, we believe there are significant messages from the handling of this horrific disease for efforts addressing the enormous challenges posed by the ongoing extinction and climate emergencies. * Correspondence: a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk Writing as environmental scientists in countries whose COVID-linked deaths already exceed their military casualties from all campaigns since 1945, we believe there are significant messages from the handling of this horrific disease for efforts addressing the enormous challenges posed by the ongoing extinction and climate emergencies. Scientists have likewise been warning for decades of the probability that human actions are triggering a sixth mass extinction, and of the dire consequences of major human-induced shifts in the earth's climate. For the climate and extinction crises effective action requires wealthier people forgoing extravagance both for the present-day poor and for all future generations. cache = ./cache/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353756-lm2qs6ev author = Massey, Paul R. title = Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions (“COVID toes”) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1500 sentences = 92 flesch = 47 summary = In a rapidly evolving medical literature its manifestations are expanding and now include coagulopathies renal dysfunction, cardiac arrests, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children as well as cutaneous manifestations commonly observed with viral illnesses and chilblain-like skin lesions often referred to as "COVID toes". We review the rapid evolution of the chilblain-like presentation in patients with COVID 19 beginning with its first description in early March 2020 and summarize the evolving but rapidly self-confirming data. Amidst a panoply of unusual findings for a viral respiratory illness including induced coagulopathies, 1 renal dysfunction 2 and cardiac arrests, 3, 4 a suspected cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19, chilblain-like skin lesions -"COVID toes"has garnered particular attention both in the medical literature and in the national media. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353659-wtacr6qj author = Almutairi, Nawaf title = Coronavirus Disease‐2019 with Dermatologic Manifestations and Implications: An Unfolding Conundrum date = 2020-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1026 sentences = 62 flesch = 45 summary = As a nosocomial infection for hospital and nursing home patients and health care workers, it represents an extraordinary challenge. Lungs are the most severely affected organ by COVID-19 because the virus enters the host cells via the integral membrane protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is attached to cellular membranes in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. A study of 663 COVID-19 patients from Wuhan, China stressed that patients more than 60 years old and those with chronic diseases were at enhanced risk of severe COVID-19, and more likely to die (43). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353618-r7skw6rf author = Papa, Alfonso title = Images in Practice: Painful Cutaneous Vasculitis in a SARS-Cov-2 IgG-Positive Child date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 915 sentences = 58 flesch = 54 summary = In a study carried out in China involving more than 44,000 cases of COVID-19, 0.9% of patients were between 0 and 10 years of age and 1.2% ranged in age from 10 to 19 years [1] . During the pandemic period in Italy, we observed more than ten pediatric patients who tested IgG positive for Sars-CoV-2 with painful vasculitic skin lesions on the feet that required modest pain relief therapy. Although it is not possible to correlate our patient case with the presence of SARS-COV-2 due to the swab negativity, we believe that the positive result for SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies does correlate the skin lesion with COVID-19. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case. cache = ./cache/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353833-woz5f3gh author = Feldman, Sarah title = How the Coronavirus Disease-2019 May Improve Care: Rethinking Cervical Cancer Prevention date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1640 sentences = 80 flesch = 49 summary = COVID-2019–related health-system changes, like the more rapid evaluation of diagnostic tests and vaccines, the transition to compensated virtual care for most counseling and education visits, and broadened access to home services, offer potential benefits to the delivery of cervical cancer screening and prevention. It would be a tragedy if the morbidity and mortality of COVID-2019 are multiplied because of additional suffering caused by delayed or deferred cancer screening and diagnostic evaluation—but maybe with creativity and reflection, we can use this pandemic to improve care. The benefits to patients (safe convenient visits, less time and cost, ability to schedule visits with experts from afar, particularly in areas with limited local access), providers (compensated time for education and counseling), hospitals (more flexibility to reorganize resources to prioritize acute care but also grow virtually), and public health (promote broader vaccine uptake, attention to population health and the racial and ethnic and socioeconomic disparities that plague our nation). cache = ./cache/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353697-ocxextfj author = Santana, Monique Freire title = Confirmed Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and COVID-19: the value of postmortem findings to support antemortem management date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1888 sentences = 114 flesch = 42 summary = We present postmortem evidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with severe COVID-19. A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 . 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Therefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5,6 . As the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, further reports are needed to assess the occurrence and frequency of IPA in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and their clinical interaction. cache = ./cache/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353735-d81ujjxv author = Li, Jiannan title = The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 97 flesch = 53 summary = title: The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China CONCLUSION: On the macro level, the air traffic restriction may help alleviate the growth of existing cases and help raise the recovery rate of COVID-19 in megacities of China, but both these effects will marginally recede as the restriction strength is intensifying. As such, results of Table 1 show that the relations between air traffic restriction and the existing cases, and the recovery rate of COVID-19 are not linear. Since the real-time data regarding car, bus, and train are not available, the impact of land transportation restriction on the existing cases and recovery rate of COVID-19 cannot be examined. With the availability of real-time data of land transport, future research can make a comprehensive investigation on policy effectiveness of traffic restriction in containing the spread of infectious diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353876-pb4of7s9 author = Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco title = Evidence, rationality, and ignorance: Agnotological issues in COVID-19 science date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3261 sentences = 180 flesch = 45 summary = Researchers, public health authorities, and healthcare workers should be equipped to identify such agnotological strategies, distinguish them from scientific fraud, and avoid drawing misleading inferences based on an irrational adherence to hypotheses and a lack of criticism of implausible results. It may surprise an orthodox practitioner of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to learn that, in accordance with a tradition that dates back to David Hume (1711-1776), Popper rejected induction, which refers to the notion that a series of observations and experiments (i.e., evidence) allows one to draw inferences about general scientific laws or generate "recommendations." Popper's views can be summarized as follows: "there are several sources of knowledge, but science progresses blindly toward the truth rather by eliminating errors (by continuous criticism and empirical research) than from gathering cumulative evidences." Despite major ideological differences, some of the greatest 20 th century philosophers of science (Popper 2 , Kuhn 3 , Lakatos 4 , and Feyerabend 5 ) prioritized rationality over the accumulation of evidence. cache = ./cache/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353648-rl9dts7l author = Kim, Hyun Joo title = Guidelines for the control and prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in surgical and anesthetic settings date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1553 sentences = 111 flesch = 51 summary = (4) After completion of patient treatment or examination, and upon completion of any work that may involve contact with contaminants, including disinfection, cleaning, washing of instruments, and environmental disinfection, PPE must be removed, and hand hygiene must be performed (handwashing or disinfection) before leaving the area. If no humidification function is available, low-flow anesthesia (< 1-2 L/min) can be performed ( Fig. 1 ) (2) To prevent contamination of the anesthesia machine by a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, a high-quality viral filter should be installed between the patient's respiratory tract and the breathing circuit (as shown in the figure). If contamination of the anesthesia machine could not be prevented because of improper filter use or excessive secretion from the patient, disinfection of the inner components of the machine must be mandatorily performed. Cleaning and disinfection manual of Mindray anesthesia machine; https://www.youtube.com/playlist? Cleaning and disinfection manual of Draeger anesthesia machine; https:// www. cache = ./cache/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353698-gj8sx3zy author = Bibiano-Guillen, C. title = Adapted Diving Mask (ADM) device as respiratory support with oxygen output during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 198 flesch = 52 summary = title: Adapted Diving Mask (ADM) device as respiratory support with oxygen output during COVID-19 pandemic The most extended therapeutic approach for COVID-19 is based on two main strategies [10] [11] [12] [13] : pharmacological treatment directed toward several physiological targets (viremia, immunological reactions, prothrombotic reactions) and hemodynamic and respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in addition to mechanical ventilation. A descriptive case series study of twenty-five patients with acute respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV2 infection was performed at a Spanish center, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor of Madrid, between March 30 and April 18, 2020. Table 4 shows the different variables used to analyze the improvement in the intervention and the mean value of all oxygen saturation measurements for all days that ADM therapy was used in those patients who prolonged its time of use. cache = ./cache/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353854-hbrk4tp5 author = Agosti, Edoardo title = Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on spinal pathology: single center first impression date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 675 sentences = 42 flesch = 48 summary = Hub Hospitals have been assigned to the treatment of time-dependent emergencies, in order to concentrate the management of COVID-19 patients in Spoke hospitals. As a Hub hospital, our Institution guarantees 24/7 acceptance of spinal and cranial emergencies. All scheduled surgical activities have been suspended, in order to concentrate resources in the treatment of time-dependent spinal and cranial neurosurgical and neurointerventional emergencies. Fifty days after the establishment of the new Hub and Spoke Lombard system, data relating to our centre showed an increase in the number of hospitalized and treated spinal trauma and spinal cord acute compression (Table 1) , while it was recorded a major drop in non-traumatological and degenerative spinal pathology. This explains the relative increase in the number of spinal trauma patients hospitalized and treated surgically in our center. Table 1 The number of hospitalized and surgical treated patients at our center for acute spinal cord compression and spinal trauma cache = ./cache/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353824-0oyvia6d author = Farooque, Umar title = Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1877 sentences = 120 flesch = 51 summary = Here we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute ischemic stroke in the absence of common risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents. A 70-year-old male patient, with no prior comorbidities, presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever, cough, and shortness of breath for four days, and altered level of consciousness and right-sided weakness with the sensory loss for one day. Here we report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute ischemic stroke without any predisposing conventional risk factors for cerebrovascular accident. Older age, high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, cardiovascular diseases, secondary infections, ARDS, acute renal injury, lymphopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, CRP, ferritin, fibrin, and d-dimers are some of the factors in COVID-19 cases which can identify patients at risk of in-hospital mortality [13] . COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke cache = ./cache/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353956-gjv5cg3k author = Bali, Rishi Kumar title = Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The Pandemic !! date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1135 sentences = 56 flesch = 47 summary = The head of the maxillofacial surgery unit should use the opportunity to reiterate and reinforce the best practices in hospital infection control including the use of hand hygiene practices, barrier techniques, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfection of surfaces, and sterilization of equipment. Povidone Iodine has been shown to have significant virucidal activity for about three hours and recently it has been recommended to coat the oral cavity and nasal passages of both the patient and the operating team before the procedure [7] . In sum, the COVID-19 situation continues to evolve, and given the significant ongoing research throughout the world, we as Maxillofacial surgeons have to remain updated to use the information to help our patients in a way that we minimize risk to the operating team and also help prevent community spread. The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection cache = ./cache/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353840-yb6qi4rg author = Miki, Kosuke title = Association between cardiovascular manifestation and COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 261 sentences = 31 flesch = 46 summary = key: cord-353840-yb6qi4rg authors: Miki, Kosuke; Imamura, Teruhiko cord_uid: yb6qi4rg To the editor, Cardiovascular manifestation is receiving great concern as both cause and result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 1 Chen et al systemically observed the association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular status including myocardial injury, blood pressure, and arrhythmia. Measurement of QRS duration would let us assess the electrocardiographic myocardial injury. The second concern is a time course of COVID-19 in their study. Some patients might have progressed from severe status to critical status, and others might have died. The third concern is an intervention to the cardiovascular system. They showed that myocardial injury was an independent risk factor of critical status. Aggressive treatment using anti-heart failure agents including beta-blocker might prevent the progression of COVID-19. Email: teimamu@med.u-toyama.ac.jp ORCID Teruhiko Imamura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-7637 COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular manifestations in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 The role of cardiovascular imaging for myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354009-1ek4s8oe author = Wang, Yun title = Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3143 sentences = 207 flesch = 59 summary = We characterized the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic through detecting weekly hotspots of newly confirmed cases using Spatial and Space-Time Scan Statistics and quantifying the trends of incidence of COVID-19 by county characteristics using the Joinpoint analysis. The results would enhance our understanding of small area-based spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak, thus help inform multilevel strategies to control the spread of coronavirus and appropriate allocations of public health and healthcare resources in the United States. To identify the characteristics of counties with a high burden of COVID-19, we examined county-level geographic and sociodemographic factors, including rural-urban context, distance to the nearest core airport, population density, percentage of non-white minority population, percentage of population 65 years or older, and percentage of population below the federal poverty line. cache = ./cache/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353887-f4yd7guj author = Tang, Yujun title = Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8532 sentences = 461 flesch = 44 summary = Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we referred COVID-19 associated cytokine storm as the patients who are severely ill along with a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The innate and adaptive immune responses activated by SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and ultimately cause the cytokine storm (14) . MERS-CoV infects the cells mentioned above to induce delayed (but increased) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL3) (27, 30) . Although SARS-CoV is abortive in macrophages and DCs, the virus induces an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (31, 32) . A comment and a meta-analysis, which mainly bases on the evidence of SARS and MERS (64, 65) , stated that corticosteroid would increase mortality and delayed clearance of viral in coronavirus infection diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353844-yaueoq62 author = Bachanova, Veronika title = Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6354 sentences = 273 flesch = 35 summary = Two anti-CD19 CAR T-cell products are currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international regulatory agencies: axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; Yescarta Ò ; Kite/Gilead) for the treatment of adult relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [2] , and tisagenlecleucel (tisacel; Kymriah Ò ; Novartis Pharmaceuticals), both for adult R/R DLBCL [3] and pediatric R/R ALL [4] . Patients undergoing CAR T cell therapy are receiving potentially life-saving treatment; therefore, it is paramount to ensure the availability of tocilizumab to mitigate serious toxicity and the need for advanced supportive care measures. Although many clinical trials of unproven benefit are on hold during the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that rational studies of CRS prevention and treatment should continue because they may provide significant advantages to patients by improving safety, limiting the need for scarce intensive care support, and preserving a possibly limited supply of tocilizumab. cache = ./cache/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353996-slnyun4l author = Baumgartner, M. T. title = Social distancing and movement constraint as the most likely factors for COVID-19 outbreak control in Brazil date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6874 sentences = 350 flesch = 52 summary = In spite of all limitations of such a large-scale approach, our results underline that climatic conditions are likely weak limiting factors for the spread of the new coronavirus, and the circulation of people in the cityand country-level are the most responsible factors for the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil. We studied the exponential growth of time series data for over 460 cities with reported cases of infections by the new coronavirus, considering the effect of the environment, socioeconomic indicators, movement of people across the country, and social distancing. Our results show that the early spread of the new coronavirus in Brazil was mitigated by social distancing in some regions, but was also positively related to the size of the population of cities and how people moved across them. . https://doi.org/10.1101 In Great China, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak expanded fast throughout the country and the majority of early cases reported outside of its origin had admitted recent travels to Wuhan, the core of the disease spread (Chinazzi et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author = Li, Na title = Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3515 sentences = 199 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. An earlier study by Chen et al reported nine pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia, who took cesarean section in a tertiary hospital of Wuhan [8] . To date, none of previous studies have investigated the adverse effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy, by comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia to those without pneumonia. Similar to two previous reports of nine and one pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection [8, 22] , we did not find any evidence to support the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus via placenta or during cesarean section. Second, we collected the data of sixteen pregnant women with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases with typical CT imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353942-l9kjnrky author = nan title = Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3836 sentences = 401 flesch = 64 summary = Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques3 hospitalisés, souffrant d'une forme grave, est la mortalité toutes causes (voir Solidarity dans le Tableau). La mort est l'issue pour une minorité de cas symptomatiques, même dans les formes graves On n'attend pas que les traitements candidats réduisent la mortalité de 50 %, plus raisonnablement de 20 %, ce qui suppose des essais à très grands effectifs ou la méta-analyse d'essais concordants dans leurs critères d'inclusion et de jugement. Après son autorisation par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), la demande internationale de remdesivir --qui améliorait le statut ventilatoire de 53 patients analysables au cours d'une administration compassionnelle [2] --a rendu ce traitement indisponible en France, ce qui a participé aux déboires de l'essai DisCoVeRy. Il n'y a pas de preuve de l'efficacité clinique de l'HCQ [3,4]. cache = ./cache/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353872-hajtlw9k author = Cox, Shereen title = To dispense or not to dispense: Lessons to be learnt from ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1821 sentences = 104 flesch = 52 summary = This paper seeks to 1) highlight some of the ethical challenges of dispensing hydroxychloroquine by pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2) identify some of the responses to these issues from various regulatory authorities in the USA, and 3) recommend approaches to assist pharmacists in their decision‐making process, especially in LMICs. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in COVID-19 patients. LMICs. 17 The experience of dispensing hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 highlighted ethical issues that may have generated moral distress among some pharmacists due to the uncertainties regarding the drug. Governments and local pharmacy groups in LMICs may be able to decide on a DUR policy for in-demand medications during epidemics in their countries to guide pharmacists on judiciously dispensing to prevent panic prescribing, off-label use, and hoarding of these drugs. If similar policies regarding indication-based prescribing or enhanced DUR are adopted, there is another challenge to be adAs the global demand for these drugs increases during the COVID pandemic, pharmacists are faced with another issue of managing resources during a period where demand exceeds supply. cache = ./cache/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353976-gns5omyb author = Kafieh, Rahele title = COVID-19 in Iran: A Deeper Look Into The Future date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4523 sentences = 261 flesch = 57 summary = . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078477 doi: medRxiv preprint analysis of the accuracy of our forecasting model, and some of the possible future trends for COVID-19 situation in Iran and other countries. used phenomenological models that have been validated during previous outbreaks to generate and assess short-term forecasts of the cumulative number of confirmed reported cases in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, and for the overall trajectory in China, excluding the province of Hubei. In [14] , Liu and colleagues used early reported case data and built a model to predict the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The machine learning models are trained and tested based on 18576, 18576, and 17569 occurrences of daily number of confirmed, death, and recovered COVID-19 cases. Figure 7 is designed to show MAPE value for predicting occurrences of confirmed, death, and recovered cases from COVID-19 when lags of 1-20 days are used on validation data in preparatory model to find the optimum lag. cache = ./cache/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354087-wmk0z894 author = Parker, Carmen Black title = Differentiating Domains of Involuntary Containment for Persons with Severe Psychiatric Impairment and COVID-19 date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 741 sentences = 50 flesch = 24 summary = Public health, acute medical, and mental health directives intersect: all permit involuntarily detaining individuals for the "safety of themselves or others." As the vignette illustrates, individuals with COVID-19 and severe psychiatric impairment may risk "danger to others" if psychiatric symptoms and poor insight reduce behavioral capacity to adhere to COVID-19 safety regulations. Treating individuals with both COVID-19 and severe psychiatric illness traverses public, physical, and mental health. We, the authors, are witnessing some providers default indiscriminately to more familiar mental health mechanisms of involuntary containment for such persons in various settings, from outpatient to hospital psychiatric consults to state administration. Neither Mr. A nor Ms. B were acutely medically ill from COVID-19, thus their care did not require inpatient medical hospitalization or consequently fall under the domain of medical involuntary holds. Rather, mental health regulations direct instances when acutely exacerbated psychiatric symptoms might coincidentally impair behavioral adherence to COVID-19 precautions, thereby suggesting plausible benefit from involuntary inpatient psychiatric medication and management. cache = ./cache/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353890-dzauzjm7 author = Guzzi, Pietro Hiram title = Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2159 sentences = 139 flesch = 56 summary = COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Among these: 9268 were reported as being treated at home (i.e., not severe illness), 9663 hospitalised, and 1672 admitted to ICUs. To react to the exponential growth of infected patients requiring hospitalisation, the Chinese government decided to build a large emergency hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients in a few days. In Figure 2 the COVID-19 diffusion is reported both for Italy and China red zones (A "red zone" is a geographical area (e.g., city, region, state) of maximal infection for which the government implements special social rules in order to deal with the emergency: typically restriction of citizens' movements and prohibition to leave or enter the area). cache = ./cache/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354031-j4qlvm60 author = Rodríguez-Pérez, Celia title = Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6908 sentences = 303 flesch = 50 summary = For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. Multivariate-adjusted models showed that those participants who reported a lower intake of fried foods, alcohol, fast-food, and snacks during the COVID-19 Spanish confinement had a statistically significant higher likelihood of turning into a higher adherence to the MedDiet compared to those who kept their usual intake as before the confinement (OR: 4.71; 2.15; 3.12; 3.53, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353904-dieaqxmi author = Davies, M. title = Remdesivir in treatment of COVID-19: A systematic benefit-risk assessment date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4057 sentences = 229 flesch = 49 summary = A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to strengthen the ongoing understanding of the benefit-risk balance for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment by using a structured method which uses all available data. Conclusions: Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared to placebo, however there is limited safety data available at the current time. The benefits included in the value tree include key endpoints included in clinical trial protocols for studies assessing the efficacy of remdesivir in severe COVID-19 disease. Primary endpoint data available from the Adaptive COVID 19 trial [26] have also suggested a shorter time to recovery in patients treated with remdesivir, with non-significant reduced mortality risk. Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared to placebo, however there is limited safety data available at the current time. cache = ./cache/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354039-2fwy9z19 author = Kelly, Brendan D. title = Mental health, mental capacity, ethics and the law in the context of Covid-19 (coronavirus) date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 572 sentences = 32 flesch = 52 summary = This special issue of the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry explores mental health law, mental capacity law, and medical and legal ethics in the context of Covid-19. Together, these articles demonstrate the complexity of psychiatric and legal issues prompted by Covid-19 in terms of providing mental health care, protecting rights, exercising decision-making capacity and a range of other topics. The range of possible implications is broad and includes actual or proposed emergency legislation, negative ramifications for the human rights of people with mental illness or impaired mental capacity, the pandemic"s potential impact on justice for these populations and various implications for legal and forensic practice in psychiatry. Taken together, this collection demonstrates clearly the complexity of psychiatric and legal issues prompted by Covid-19, ranging from providing mental health care to protecting rights, from exercising decision-making capacity to ensuring the provision of accurate, reliable information to those who need it. cache = ./cache/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353939-vz2bpkyk author = Ranger, Amita title = Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 693 sentences = 45 flesch = 39 summary = title: Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia There have been published case series and reports of the successful treatment of COVID-19 induced CRS with Tocilizumab 4-6 . We describe our experience of the successful treatment of a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and COVID-19 associated CRS with Tocilizumab in a district general hospital setting. Despite overall improved outcomes in haematology patients 8 We describe the successful treatment of COVID-19 associated CRS with Tocilizumab in a patient with an uncontrolled haematological malignancy. Therapies such as this have the potential to change the outcome of severe COVID-19 infection and prevent ICU admission, particularly in patients believed to be unsuitable for critical care or where there is a great demand on critical care resources. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354073-tn76muv6 author = Jen, Tung-Hui title = Geographic risk assessment of COVID-19 transmission using recent data: An observational study date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3960 sentences = 246 flesch = 63 summary = This study aimed to visualize the epidemic outbreak and the provisional case fatality rate (CFR) using the Rasch model and Bayes's theorem and developed an algorithm that classifies countries/regions into categories that are then shown on Google Maps. Although a number of factors were involved in publishing the geographic risk stratification, including size (e.g., the number of confirmed cases), geographic distribution, and epidemiology of the outbreak, [8] none of these objectively observed criteria were provided to us for our assessment of the COVID-19 situation for each country/region. No solid geographic risk assessment for COVID-19 transmission has been seen yet on the internet, including on those websites [3, 4, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] providing simple and widely available information (e.g., the number of confirmed, deaths, and recovered cases based on countries/regions along with death rate, transmission rate, incubation period, as well as discussions on age and demographics) to the public. cache = ./cache/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354129-7ayqkeb8 author = Filetti, Sebastiano title = A journey through and beyond a “perfect storm”: the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 677 sentences = 38 flesch = 54 summary = springer.com/article/10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5) in our April issue: it provides a detailed picture of the endocrinological/metabolic pathologies being encountered in the context of COVID-19 [1] . The light at the end of this tunnel is little more than a glimmer, but it's already time to begin thinking about how to reestablish contact with our endocrine and diabetic patients, to restore the relationships that have been disrupted by this "perfect storm." Our community has both the strength and experience to act promptly and find innovative, effective solutions for overcoming the challenges of this phase. The strength of our community is rooted in research, and to highlight the importance of these roots, the current issue of Endocrine contains selected manuscripts from talks given at the Festschrift recently held to honor Professor Marian Ludgate and her colleagues at the University of Cardiff. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354134-gb2pf5kb author = Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title = Conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients: frequency and clinical presentation date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3461 sentences = 170 flesch = 41 summary = Given the current situation of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, describing the clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis associated with the novel coronavirus has relevant implications in the future identification of suspected COVID-19 patients and the differential diagnosis from other forms viral conjunctivitis. A study analyzing a sample of 1099 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease in China found a prevalence of conjunctivitis symptoms of only 0.8% and other small series have reported a prevalence around 3% [4, 6, 7] . Despite our study showed no difference in the clinical presentation of conjunctivitis in male and female, we found that conjunctivitis was more frequent in males with moderate COVID-19 and women with mild disease. A better understanding of the ocular manifestations of the virus will assist in early identification of SARS-CoV-2infected cases, prioritizing diagnostic testing in patients with clinical findings compatible with conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354103-4dldgqzf author = Grubic, Andrew D title = COVID-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities date = 2020-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4869 sentences = 266 flesch = 47 summary = While epidemiologists and infectious disease physicians are at the forefront in the fight against COVID-19, this pandemic is also a "stress test" to evaluate the capacity and resilience of our surgical community in dealing with the challenges imposed to our health system and society. On the same day, the United States Surgeon General echoed the recommendation from the American College of Surgeons and urged hospitals and healthcare systems to consider suspending elective surgical procedures during the outbreak of COVID-19. This pandemic started with identification of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent from a cluster of pneumonias in the Hubei providence of China in December 2019. On March 25, 2000, American College of Surgeons released the guidelines for emergency general surgery in COVID-19 positive patients or those at high clinical suspicion for COVID infection. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases cache = ./cache/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354168-omen8vvq author = Al Saleh, Abdullah S. title = Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3951 sentences = 256 flesch = 56 summary = We provide our recommendations (not evidence based) for managing multiple myeloma patients during the pandemic of COVID-19. For high-risk patients we recommend carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) (preferred) or RVd. Decreasing the dose of dexamethasone to 20 mg and giving bortezomib subcutaneously once a week is recommended. We recommend delaying autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), unless the patient has high-risk disease that is not responding well, or if the patient has plasma cell leukemia (PCL). If the patient cannot safely receive sulfa, we would recommend using prophylaxis other than pentamidine, as its administration requires a clinic visit and the fact that it is an aerosolized therapy could be a concern with the current COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients who are responding well to therapy, we would recommend delaying ASCT until the current situation with COVID-19 improves. Low frequency of CD3+CD4+CD161+ T cells correlates with the occurrence of infections in refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone treatment cache = ./cache/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354164-tlmfn4bm author = Liao, Xuelian title = Critical Care for Severe COVID-19: A Population-based Study from a Province with Low Case-fatality Rate in China date = 2020-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5020 sentences = 324 flesch = 58 summary = Using data from the multicentre cohort study (StUdy of 2019 Novel coRonavirus pneumonia Infected critically ill patients in Sichuan provincE, SUNRISE), we aimed to describe and analyse the clinical course, multi-strategy management, and respiratory support resources usage for the severe COVID-19 at the provincial level. According to the criteria proposed by Chinese National Health Commission, confirmed COVID-19 patients who met any of the five following criteria 2 were included as severe cases: 1) dyspnoea or respiratory frequency ≥30/min; 2) pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2) ≤93% without oxygen therapy in resting state; 3) PaO2:FiO2 ratio <300; 4) lung infiltrates >50% within 24-48 hours; 5) respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction. To our knowledge, it is the first time that critical care for severe COVID-19 was described from the perspective of identification, organization and resources using data from a population based study, where a significant lower case-fatality rate was observed than that reported elsewhere. cache = ./cache/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354147-01dhp7nn author = Gonzalez, Rocío Maqueda title = Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: comparative cross-sectional cohort study date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3210 sentences = 167 flesch = 47 summary = Proctologic Page 4 of 16 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f disorders have been another major victim of the pandemic, since in a significant number of cases can be considered non-priority issues, and therefore, following several international clinical guidelines for prioritization of surgical interventions, they have been postponed (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) . All the patients included in the present study were evaluated by the general surgery team, resident or attendant, during their consultation in the emergency department. We collected demographic variables, comorbidities and chronic treatments, previous proctological pathology, reason for consultation in the ED, definitive diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment required, outpatient or in-hospital regimen, change in attitude with respect to usual behavior in our center in each situation and the need for readmission or new ED consultation within 30 days after the initial visit. cache = ./cache/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354160-sca9bgeq author = Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title = Changes in Healthcare managing COVID and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic: Striking the balance date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1748 sentences = 99 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare organizations began concentrating on the preparation for and management of the surge of COVID-19 cases, while trying to protect the healthcare workers and other patients from getting COVID-19. However, how those asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patients in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities be managed is not clear. However, it is not clear how to protect patients and healthcare workers from those so called "non-COVID-19" who might be asymptomatically infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are multiple factors contributing to the apparent reduced utilization of healthcare services by to non-COVID-19 patients. There are multiple factors contributing to the apparent reduced utilization of healthcare services by to non-COVID-19 patients. It is becoming evident, however, that we need to develop new solutions on how healthcare organizations should provide care of non-COVID-19 patients, especially those with chronic diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354204-23xkug85 author = Smargiassi, Andrea title = Lung ultrasonography for early management of patients with respiratory symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3444 sentences = 182 flesch = 36 summary = LUS could be useful in determining early lung involvement suggestive or not of COVID-19 pneumonia and potentially plays a role in managing decisions for hospitalization in isolation or admission in general ward. In order to face pandemic, in a period in which a large number of emergency room accesses with suspicious symptoms are expected, physicians need a standardized ultrasonographic approach, fast educational processes in order to be able to recognize both suggestive and not suggestive echographic signs and shared algorithms for LUS role in early management of patients. Therefore, LUS could be useful, being performed during diagnostic processes, in determining early lung involvement and potentially playing a role in managing decisions both intercepting cases of suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and suggesting alternative diagnosis. Therefore, if LUS findings are suggestive of patchy bilateral SIS with or without small bilateral patchy subpleural consolidations in a symptomatic context compatible with COVID-19, patients must keep isolation waiting for results of microbiological tests (both nasal/throat swab and rapid serologic tests). cache = ./cache/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354133-11b0d499 author = Thomas, B. S. title = Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19 using a Time-Shifted Distribution Analysis date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7502 sentences = 422 flesch = 60 summary = Analysis is performed for early COVID 19 outbreaks in many countries, and we discuss corrections to CFR values using excess-death and seroprevalence data to estimate the infection fatality ratio (IFR). Most previously published studies make use of a parametrised distribution of times from onset (or hospitalisation) to death, determined from individual case data from early in the outbreak (largely from China) [5, [10] [11] [12] , which is then used in combination with statistical methods to estimate the CFR using population-level data on cases and deaths [5, 10, 11, 13] . This may explain the short delay times for the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands and the USA, as well as many other countries (for example, is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint An important conclusion from this analysis concerns the perils in calculating the CFR using established time distributions for onset to death obtained from case studies, as is common. cache = ./cache/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354113-j8odxs1h author = Miao, Congliang title = A comparative multi-centre study on the clinical and imaging features of comfirmed and uncomfirmed patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3129 sentences = 200 flesch = 52 summary = Our aim was to compare clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside Hubei province between confirmed and unconfirmed group. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 163 consecutive adult patients with suspected COVID-19 from three tertiary hospitals in two provinces outside Hubei province from January 12, 2020 to February 13, 2020 and the differences in epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in We retrospectively collected demographic data, medical history, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging characteristics of all suspected patients on admission from medical records. 22.20040782 doi: medRxiv preprint This report demonstrated that the incidence of dry cough in confirmed group was significantly higher than that in unconfirmed group, but the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 were nonspecific. cache = ./cache/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354223-0ckpz0bx author = Yu, Pengming title = Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1663 sentences = 79 flesch = 37 summary = 1 One recent study reported that of the 52 COVID-19 patients who were critically ill, 61.5% died within 28 days and 71% required mechanical ventilation. The main goal of early rehabilitation is minimizing the adverse effects of critically ill with COVID-19 on the respiratory system, restoring respiratory and physical independence, preventing the need for subsequent dependence on mechanical ventilation and subsequent hospitalizations and improving patient's quality of life. As of April 4, there is no report on early rehabilitation of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the world. Secondly our experience at West China Hospital, where early rehabilitation intervention was introduced for critically ill patients with COVID-19, has been very positive. We believe that it is safe and effective to carry out early rehabilitation intervention for critical ill patients of COVID-19 with the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams. Early rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-2019 will give more benefits than risks. cache = ./cache/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354232-tunpb48l author = Stall, N. M. title = For-profit nursing homes and the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and resident deaths in Ontario, Canada date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3789 sentences = 202 flesch = 58 summary = For-profit status was associated with both the size of a nursing home outbreak (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.96; 95% CI 1.26-3.05) and the number of resident deaths (aRR, 1.78; 95% CI 1.03-3.07), compared to non-profit homes. This included nursing home level data from the Long-Term Care Inspections Branch on the cumulative number of resident COVID-19 cases and deaths. Additional nursing home level data obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care included: number of licensed beds; the specific mix of bed occupancy types (one, two, or four residents per room); and the age of the nursing home's design. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.25.20112664 doi: medRxiv preprint The significant association between the risk of a nursing home outbreak and the incidence of COVID-19 in the surrounding health region is consistent with emerging literature demonstrating that nursing home staff are important vectors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission (4, 31) . cache = ./cache/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354247-erzak928 author = Iain Pritchard, Roger title = Impact of Regulatory Changes on Pharmacist Delivered Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2340 sentences = 115 flesch = 42 summary = Summary: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has created a dramatic need for the rapid implementation of telehealth services in areas of the country where telehealth is limited in scope.1 This implementation would not be possible without significant changes in how the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provide reimbursement for these services. In 2019, CMS lifted some restrictions to telehealth and began reimbursing providers for services that utilized additional telecommunication approaches, which included virtual check-ins, remote evaluation of pre-recorded patient information, and interprofessional internet consultations. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CMS took action on March 17th to expand access to telehealth services through a waiver to Section 1135 of the Social Security Act which allows for temporary modifications to Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) during a national emergency. cache = ./cache/cord-354247-erzak928.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354247-erzak928.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354180-6esn3t2b author = Tyndall, Mark title = Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4223 sentences = 221 flesch = 57 summary = The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic comes at time when North America is in the midst of a protracted overdose epidemic caused by a toxic illegal drug supply. Overdose deaths are likely to rise when people are isolated, social support programs are cut back, and the illicit drug supply is further compromised. Safer opioid distribution in response to a toxic street drug supply is a pragmatic and effective way to reduce overdose deaths. Even if emergency housing can be found and mitigation strategies to reduce COVID-19 transmission are put in place, the need to access an illegal drug supply makes staying in place extremely unlikely (Bodkin et al., 2020) . A waning tolerance to opioids means that the first exposure to street drugs can be deadly and it is critical that proper discharge planning and supports are in place (Bukten et al.,2017) Many people who use drugs rely on public services for medical care, harm reduction supplies, street outreach, and food distribution. cache = ./cache/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354261-gdvawnp6 author = Gale, Chris title = National active surveillance to understand and inform neonatal care in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1626 sentences = 92 flesch = 46 summary = Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be definitively established; neonatal infection with the virus has been detected in the first days after birth to mothers with COVID-19 1 ; however, this could represent early horizontal transmission. For more complete case ascertainment, this BPSU surveillance will link with other related data sources, including ongoing UKOSS surveillance of COVID-19 in pregnancy for maternal cases, Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK), for neonatal deaths and stillbirths, and Public Health England (PHE), Health Protection Scotland, Public Health Wales and the Health and Social Care Public Health Agency in Northern Ireland. Active surveillance through established national systems such as the BPSU and UKOSS with very high population-based case ascertainment is among the simplest, quickest and most efficient way to obtain the accurate population level incidence data and to determine true infection rates, clinical characteristics and outcomes, which are needed to inform optimal perinatal and neonatal care. cache = ./cache/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354096-x2skguz8 author = Ray, Pradipta R. title = A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6354 sentences = 328 flesch = 46 summary = We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in immune cell-derived factors that then interact with receptors expressed by the sensory neuronal innervation of the lung to further promote important aspects of disease severity, including ARDS. We sought to quantify how immune cells might interact with sensory innervation of the lung in COVID-19 using published data from patients, existing RNA sequencing datasets from human dorsal root ganglion neurons and other sources, and a genome-wide ligand-receptor pair database curated for pharmacological interactions relevant for neuro-immune interactions. Additionally, we found that upregulation of transcription factor genes in COVID-19 samples identifies transcription factors associated with alveolar cell types (EHF, PAX9, ELF3, GHRL2) and immune cells (RFX3, SOX5, TP63, HOPX) with functions including regulation of antiviral pathways (NR3C2), based on ARCHS4 database (Lachmann et al., 2018) and the Enrichr gene set enrichment analysis tool (Kuleshov et al., 2016) (Supplementary Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354236-vn45rnve author = Allegrante, John P. title = Preventing COVID-19 and Its Sequela: “There Is No Magic Bullet . . . It's Just Behaviors” date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2015 sentences = 115 flesch = 38 summary = The nationwide prevention effort would be vastly strengthened if federal, state, and local governmental authorities utilized the full spectrum of health communication technologies to reach at-risk populations. 14, 15 The emerging effort by Michael Bloomberg to develop smartphone apps to trace every person who comes into contact with COVID-19-infected individuals is another example of how clever strategic use of digital technology could strengthen the national response. For example, interventions designed to change individual attitudes and behavior regarding social distancing may be more effective if they are congruent with government policy that supports it and a conducive workplace environment. If "it's just behaviors," preventing further viral spread will require strengthening evidence-based behavioral change and implementation science strategies to effectively reach the large numbers of at-risk Americans who are anxiously navigating the difficult social terrain to keep themselves and their families safe from COVID-19 and its long-term sequela. cache = ./cache/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354216-4khdcjed author = Sultan, Shahnaz title = AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5641 sentences = 336 flesch = 45 summary = Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. 4 More recent data from a cohort of 5700 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within a large healthcare system in New York City revealed common comorbidities including hypertension (56.6%), obesity (41.7%), and diabetes (33.8%), and reported that 373 (14.2%) of patients required treatment in the intensive care unit, and 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, in whom the mortality was 88.1% (282/320)]. Also, many of the studies in this analysis did not report on how many patients had underlying liver disease and if these patients were at an elevated risk of having increased LFTs in the setting of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354330-pud2rqxk author = Pirzada, Abdul Rouf title = Management of Aerosol during Noninvasive Ventilation for Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Important Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3206 sentences = 148 flesch = 46 summary = The procedures that are believed to have a potential to generate aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens include positive pressure ventilation (bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)), endotracheal intubation, airway suction, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, tracheostomy, chest physiotherapy, nebulizer treatment, sputum induction, and bronchoscopy [5] [6] [7] . In the hospital, the procedures that are believed to or have a potential to generate aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens include positive pressure ventilation (BiPAP and CPAP), endotracheal intubation, airway suction, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, tracheostomy, chest physiotherapy, nebulizer treatment, sputum induction, and bronchoscopy [5, 8] . NIV in hospital, in a setting of suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19, warrants infectious disease protocol of isolation in negative pressure room preferably with an anteroom and attached washroom (well ventilated) and personal protective equipment for attending staff; however, it is not possible in high volume patient inflow. cache = ./cache/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354307-9uriite7 author = Cal, Teresa Segura de la title = Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1311 sentences = 90 flesch = 42 summary = title: Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients CPETH patients are usually aged and present with comorbidities 1 in contrast with the usual demographics in the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) population. As CTEPH is consequence of thrombus formation, lifelong anticoagulation is mandatory; while treatments to address increased pulmonary pressures include: pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), and PAH-specific medication 1,2 . Patient 3 was a 46-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CTEPH diagnosed at the age of 43. We considered four main physiopathological pathways potentially involved in this paradoxical behaviour: 1) reduced viral entrance to the pulmonary endothelium, 2) weakened ability to mount a severe inflammatory response, 2) dysregulation of pulmonary vasoactivity and 4) chronic anticoagulation to offset SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury cache = ./cache/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354270-445lhfdc author = Chen, Rong-ning title = Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4420 sentences = 225 flesch = 49 summary = title: Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey A recent study on the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese college students suggested that the COVID-19-related stressors (included effects on daily-life, and academic delays) were positively associated with the level of anxiety symptoms, indicating that the mental health of college students could be affected by public health emergencies [24] . In this study, we supplemented the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students and explored potential influencing factors. A study surveyed immediate psychological responses among Chinese general population by using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), showing that 4.3% respondents were considered to suffer from severe and extremely severe depressive symptoms (DASS-21≥21) in the initial outbreak of the pandemic (from January 31 to February 2, 2020) [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354306-zbkgabl2 author = Pennycook, Gordon title = Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5988 sentences = 319 flesch = 51 summary = In Study 1, participants were far worse at discerning between true and false content when deciding what they would share on social media relative to when they were asked directly about accuracy. According to this account, people generally wish to avoid spreading misinformation and, in fact, are often able to tell truth from falsehood; however, they nonetheless share false and misleading content because the social media context focuses their attention on factors other than accuracy (e.g., partisan alignment). In support of this inattention-based account, recent findings showed that most participants were surprisingly good at discerning between true and false political news when asked to assess "the accuracy of headlines"-yet headline veracity had very little impact on participants' willingness to share the headlines on social media. Study 1 tested for a dissociation between accuracy judgments and sharing intentions when participants evaluated a set of true and false news headlines about COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354257-45bwzuqn author = Liu, Mengqi title = COVID-19 pneumonia: CT findings of 122 patients and differentiation from influenza pneumonia date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3279 sentences = 167 flesch = 51 summary = KEY POINTS: • Typical CT features of COVID-19 include pure ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and a peripheral distribution. Our results showed that the most common imaging signs of the COVID-19 group were pure GGO, GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, and interlobular septal thickening, which were in line with previous studies [8, [18] [19] [20] . Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. cache = ./cache/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354353-hyz0gmpz author = Farhangrazi, Z. Shadi title = Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2465 sentences = 108 flesch = 38 summary = While long-term exposure to air pollutants such as PM 2.5 and nitrous dioxide contributes to persistent inflammatory responses and cardiopulmonary diseases (7) , which might increase vulnerability to COVID-19, it is also plausible that depending on the environment SARS-CoV-2 "hitchhiking" on airborne PM pollutants might be an additional mechanism for spreading the infection. In summary, although long-term exposure to polluted air might increase vulnerability to COVID-19 through prior adverse cellular effects of settled PM (24), our proposed "hitchhiking" hypothesis offers an additional multi-mechanistic pathogenic process through delivery of low viral titres with diverse PM-virus composites and is applicable to both indoor and outdoor situations, where the pathogenic severity is dependent on PM concentration, composition, shape and size as well as the infectious viral load. Contrary to the suggestions that long-term exposure to PM might increase vulnerability to SAR-CoV-2 infection, inhaled PM might promote some forms of immunity to the virus in some individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354339-tchu91av author = Shahzad, Naeem title = Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2120 sentences = 92 flesch = 50 summary = Photo: Nurse wearing locally produced low cost COVID-19 kit and filling the score card from a suspected patient for initial screening and triage at the emergency control room (from the collection of Dr Naeem Shahzad, used with permission). Therefore, this study has made an effort to design a rapid assessment score card using bottom up approach starting from community level which will help the low-income and developing countries to ascertain the suspected COVID-19 cases at community level. To develop an effective tool for patient screening without overburdening the health care infrastructure while still not compromising the control over the spread of the disease and preventive measures, an effective score card has been developed covering numerous effective parameters for rapid assessment of the probable COIVD-19 cases, as shown in Figure 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354337-a70avg2x author = Mehraeen, Esmaeil title = A systematic review of ECG findings in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3150 sentences = 205 flesch = 50 summary = In the non-drug-induced group, ST-T abnormalities, notably ST elevation, accounted for the most observed ECG finding in the patients with COVID-19, but their relation with myocardial injuries was under dispute. Some proposed medications, most notably chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin, have shown an increased risk of ECG changes in the settings of past diseases, specifically QTc interval prolongations (12) (13) (14) (15) . In this systematic review, we aimed to provide the researchers and clinicians with an update on the diverse patterns observed in the ECG of patients with COVID-19. The other four studies administered both monotherapy (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) and combination treatmentfor COVID-19 patients and confirmed that combination therapy is associated with a higher risk of QTc interval prolongation compared with monotherapy (18) (19) (20) (21) . In a similar case series study, Bessiere and colleagues (21) reported a broader difference in the two groups' ECG outcomes, indicating 5% and 33% of patients developing QT prolongation in the monotherapy group and combination therapy, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354349-hbk2p6ej author = Sardar, Sundus title = COVID-19 and Plasmodium vivax malaria co-infection date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1722 sentences = 118 flesch = 49 summary = With its variety of clinical manifestations including, but not limited to, fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, myalgia and fatigue, it may be challenging to distinguish COVID-19 from a spectrum of diseases with similar presentations, such as malaria, especially in endemic areas. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since reached pandemic proportions affecting more than 8 million cases worldwide with total deaths exceeding 400,000 [1] . SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, malaria, Plasmodium vivax, co-infection, artesunate In this case, artesunate and artemether were initiated as the treatment regimen; whether these agents offered protective effects from respiratory deterioration or multi-organ involvement despite SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear and should be further explored. Our case highlights the importance of identifying possible underlying secondary infections in concurrence with SARS-CoV-2, which may be otherwise overlooked amidst the challenges of the current unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354371-321vd28d author = Hinchman, Angelica title = Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6584 sentences = 400 flesch = 45 summary = From a local focus on New Orleans to a global perspective, we relate how rapidly changing healthcare policy, evolving use of technology, and social media dynamics played roles in perception and response to the pandemic. 54, 55 Despite the predictable increase in the need for mental health support, resources were reallocated to support primary care and hospital settings to directly address COVID-19 infection, leaving mental health services insufficiently prioritized in New Orleans. 60 Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs for isolating patients, limiting exposure, providing medical maintenance, and delivering essential care have highlighted telemedicine as a critically important solution for healthcare delivery. Innovative primary care solutions must address community inequity and the social determinants of health, clearly illustrated in Louisiana where African Americans account for the vastly disproportionate majority of COVID-19-associated cases and fatalities. cache = ./cache/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354468-bew35s8q author = Margus, Colton title = Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4005 sentences = 234 flesch = 46 summary = title: Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission In this paper, we focus on ED disposition decision-making in New York City during the Covid-19 pandemic, by identifying patients suspected of Covid-19 who are discharged yet ultimately require hospital return and admission within 72 hours. Case subjects were identified as those patients suspected of Covid-19 and discharged from the ED but who returned to an ED within the system in 72 hours and required admission. This analysis of suspected Covid-19 patients aimed to describe key features of the initial ED visit that may ultimately influence the likelihood of ED return for admission within 72 hours of discharge. Prior to the emergence of Covid-19, several studies assessing return admission indicated associations with increasing age, disease severity, ambulance transport, gastrointestinal or infectious disease symptoms, and prolonged time in the ED. cache = ./cache/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354389-l2erwez8 author = Street, Maria Elisabeth title = HMGB1: A Possible Crucial Therapeutic Target for COVID-19? date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1426 sentences = 79 flesch = 44 summary = Autophagy is one of the mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and is involved in viral entry and replication in cells, so targeting this pro-Street Horm Res Paediatr 2 DOI: 10.1159/000508291 cess has been suggested as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 [12] . Finally, my research group previously showed that cystic fibrosis transductance regulator (CFTR) malfunction, as found in cystic fibrosis, increases HMGB1 serum concentrations, along with inflammation, and further increases are observed at the onset of the specifically related diabetes [24] . Furthermore, diabetes is a recognized risk factor for Sars-CoV2 infection [27] , and HMGB1 is known to be increased in diabetes [8] . CFTR and FOXO1 gene expression are reduced and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the ovaries and serum of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target cache = ./cache/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354411-4emzxu09 author = Nouvenne, Antonio title = Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Correlations with Chest CT on Hospital admission date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3959 sentences = 208 flesch = 41 summary = As reported by studies in mall case series, COVID-19 pneumonia can be associated with multifocal B lines, bilateral subpleural consolidations, and pleural thickening [12] [13] [14] , which reflect abnormalities detectable on chest CT [14] . The primary aim of this observational study was to describe LUS patterns in a group of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to an acute-care hospital and to explore correlations of these findings with both chest CT and clinical features. Within 24 h from ward admission and CT scanning, bedside LUS was performed as part of the routine diagnostic evaluation, adopted in our medical unit even before the emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak, by an ultrasound-certified expert clinician with > 5 years of experience in lung ultrasonography, who was blind to chest CT findings. Although the findings of our study support the use of bedside LUS in the evaluation of patients with suspect COVID-19, ultrasound should not be considered as a substitute for chest CT for several reasons. cache = ./cache/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354376-ghxy727r author = Duggan, Nicole M. title = Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1211 sentences = 84 flesch = 48 summary = title: Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 Abstract Background Lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a critical tool for evaluating patients with dyspnea in the emergency department (ED), including patients with suspected COVID-19. A 6-zone scanning protocol which prioritizes obtaining images in these locations optimizes provider positioning, and minimizes time spent scanning which can reduce risk to health care workers performing POCUS. INTRODUCTION 26 27 Lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an invaluable tool for assessing emergency 28 department (ED) patients with dyspnea (1-3). Unfortunately, given these properties, the time spent scanning potentially 44 infectious patients and the multi-use nature of ultrasound machines makes POCUS a possible Recognizing the dissonance between the clinical utility of POCUS and the added risk of nosocomial spread, emergency medicine and ultrasound professional organizations have 48 published guidelines outlining safe use of ultrasound in the setting of COVID-19 (12, 20-22). cache = ./cache/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354395-5ss8vni5 author = Huang, G. title = Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3792 sentences = 239 flesch = 59 summary = title: Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China In this study, we established a cohort of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, Hubei, China, described the staging duration of their CT images, and put forward a four-stage staging method based on the time of symptom onset and appearance time of CT features at each stage. The clinical data of the patients with COVID-19 were collected independently from the hospital information system and four-cross-checked, including hospitalization registry numbers, genders, ages, symptom onset time, all symptoms, inception dates of critical type, chest CT images, laboratory test results, and outcomes. The pulmonary lesion sizes and their temporal changes of the whole cohort and different clinical types were separately quantitatively analyzed and compared. cache = ./cache/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354421-tqv2y7ey author = Wetzler, H. P. title = New Insights on Excess Deaths and COVID-19 date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1035 sentences = 64 flesch = 66 summary = Background: Weinberger and colleagues estimated that 27,065 of the 122,300 excess deaths in the United States between March 1 and May 30, 2020 did not have a COVID-19 cause of death. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) post weekly data on mortality for 13 causes of death from the most prevalent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was listed as a cause of death. Weinberger and colleagues estimated that 27,065 of the 122,300 excess deaths between March 1 and May 30, 2020 in the United States (US) did not have a COVID-19 cause of death. 1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) post weekly data on mortality for 13 causes of death from the most prevalent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was listed as a cause of death. cache = ./cache/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354265-udt2spoe author = Gersh, Felice title = Menopause status and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 579 sentences = 45 flesch = 51 summary = A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Dear Editor, We greatly appreciate the publication of this important research article, for its exploration of the connection of estradiol levels and menopausal status with outcomes from infections with SARS-CoV-2 in women. We advocate for the use of physiologically dosed human-identical transdermal estradiol as hormone replacement, combined with human-identical cyclic progesterone, in appropriate recently menopausal women. (8) Given the potential for serious negative effects ensuing from a state of estradiol deficiency, heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic, not only should appropriate postmenopausal women be considered for hormone replacement therapy, but women being treated with aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonists should be counseled on the risks and benefits of those drugs, personalized in each case, in light of the findings of this study. Potential influence of menstrual status and sex hormones on female SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study from Multicentre in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354426-cp6tomfw author = Her, Minyoung title = How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy? date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1857 sentences = 107 flesch = 57 summary = To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. However, in February, in South Korea and especially in Daegu city, local transmission was identified, multiple clusters were confirmed, and the situation was transformed. Various approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent disclosure of information and the use of information technology, were introduced to stop the transmission of the virus. In this study, we discuss how South Korea was strongly hit by COVID-19 from the very early stages of the pandemic and the strategies used to combat the outbreak. In Daegu and the neighboring areas, the outbreaks were not controlled, and most hospitals became full of COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354434-bi409a6o author = Benjamin, Georges C. title = Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2387 sentences = 152 flesch = 49 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. The current pandemic demonstrates the challenges that we must overcome as a global community to ensure equitable health care access, economic security, and public health protections for vulnerable communities. A well-resourced and properly-structured public health system that is accountable, properly resourced, and able to perform the 10 core competencies can meet the needs of vulnerable populations and ensure equity is achieved across the lifespan in all communities. cache = ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354491-23cjm86c author = Muller, A. E. title = The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic onhealthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7864 sentences = 491 flesch = 50 summary = Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions to prevent or reduce mental health problems caused by the covid-19 pandemic among healthcare workers. While the majority of studies were cross-sectional and assessed as having high risk of bias, several patterns in their findings were evident: more healthcare workers were interested in social support to alieve mental health impacts, only a minority were interested in professional help for these problems, and yet interventions described in the literature largely seemed to focus on relieving individual symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354308-ol8twpay author = Mardani, title = COVID-19 infection recurrence presented with meningoencephalitis date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1458 sentences = 89 flesch = 44 summary = These positive PCR results were obtained on April 9, about 21 days after the negative result of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR which in combination with antibody results, consistent with definite respiratory infection relapse and simultaneously, central nervous system involvement with COVID-19. ACE2 is present in several multiple human organs, including nervous system, so SARS-COV-2 which causes upper respiratory tract disease, can infect neural cell and cause different neurologic appearance such as encephalitis (5, 6, 7, 8) .Some of the patients had demonstrated re-fever and positive PCR test after discharge from hospital. (9) Moriguchi et al, reported a case of meningoencephalitis associated with SARS-COV-2 that the specific COVID-19 RNA was detected in a CSF sample but was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab. Chen et al, reported a confirmed case of covid-19 whose oropharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2 became positive again after two sequentially negative results. cache = ./cache/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354498-ddzeznxn author = Haddadi, Sara title = COVID-19: Risk of Alcohol abuse and Psychiatric disorders date = 2020-09-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1462 sentences = 78 flesch = 55 summary = Standard recommendations to prevent the spread of infection such as self-quarantine, hand washing, covering mouth and nose while coughing may be difficult to enforce in patients with mental illnesses. There is a controversy in discharge and management of patients with history of alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders when they come to the Emergency Departments with mild presentation of COVID-19. Patients with psychiatric disorders especially schizophrenia or those who have been diagnosed with alcohol abuse may have a higher risk for progression of their mild COVID-19 to a severe form. A higher rate of alcohol abuse in psychiatric patients and their lower compliance to self-quarantine calls for a different approach when they come to the ED with COVID-19 presentations. As discussed in this case, a higher rate of alcohol abuse in psychiatric patients and their lower compliance to self-quarantine calls for a different approach when they come to the ED with signs and symptoms of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354373-lldfoptb author = Chi, Jeffrey title = COVID-19 Clinical Research date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2491 sentences = 153 flesch = 49 summary = They can be categorized into four groups: drugs that combat SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory agents to counteract cytokine storm, convalescence plasma therapies and vaccines trials. They can be categorized into 1) drugs that combat SARS-CoV-2, 2) immunomodulatory agents to counteract cytokine storm, 3) convalescent plasma therapies and 4) vaccines trials (Table 1) . In vitro studies of these agents showed antiviral activities against SARS-VoV-2 and they are now repurposed for treating COVID-19 in clinical trials (Table 1) . Currently there are many ongoing clinical trials (e.g. NCT04292899, NCT04292730) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with mild to moderate or severe COVID-19. Sarilumab, another IL-6 receptor antagonist approved for RA, is also being studied in clinical trials (e.g. NCT04288713) in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 (Table 1) . As of April 19, 2020, there were 5 registered convalescent plasma therapy clinical trials in the United States for the treatment of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354588-jxzdrxqx author = Campos, I. S. title = A vulnerability analysis for the management of and response to the COVID-19 epidemic in the second most populous state in Brazil date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5544 sentences = 299 flesch = 48 summary = Considering the high levels of transmission, on March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic due to the rapid spread across countries including Italy, Spain and, later, United States, that currently has the highest number of cases of the novel coronavirus disease (6). However, recent researches pointed to a possible underreporting scenario owing to the unprecedented increase in deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19, such as SARS, respiratory failure and pneumonia, and due to the low number of tests carried out by the state in comparison with the others, according to data obtained through the Minas Gerais Department of Health (7). In this work, the indicators, selected based on the scientific literature to identify the vulnerability of Minas Gerais cities, trace physical, social and individual characteristics that enable to assess and qualify those regions that have greater difficulty in managing the pandemic of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354575-f5fq75up author = Gupta, Latika title = Scholarly publishing and journal targeting in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and other specialists date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3578 sentences = 191 flesch = 43 summary = An anonymised and validated e-survey featuring 30 questions was circulated among rheumatologists and other specialists over social media to understand preferences while choosing target journals, publishing standards, commercial editing services, preprint archiving, social media and alternative publication activities. High-quality peer review (56%), full and immediate open access (46%) and post-publication social media promotion (32%) were identified as key anticipated features of scholarly publishing in the foreseeable future. The survey was designed to evaluate the perceptions about scholarly journals (1), preferences while choosing a target journal (2), 'predatory' journals (4), use of commercial editing agencies (5), preprint archiving (2), grey literature (2), social media (3), print copies of journals (1), search platforms (1), and desirable features of scholarly publishing in the foreseeable future (1). To conclude, the perceptions and practices of scholars, particularly from non-mainstream science countries, call for greater access to free publishing and archiving, attention to proper use of academic English and editing skills, and a larger role for engagement over social media to enhance research and publishing in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354492-6r6qs4pp author = Messina, Giovanni title = Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6880 sentences = 355 flesch = 38 summary = Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes. In human infections with highly virulent respiratory viruses-such as avian influenza H5N1, H7N9, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)-immunopathogenesis caused by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an essential role in disease progression and mortality [3] . Finally, considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a modification of the dietary regimen in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of the patients, improving their outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354472-zixnvehs author = Esposito, A. title = Why is chest CT important for early diagnosis of COVID-19? Prevalence matters date = 2020-04-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2580 sentences = 151 flesch = 48 summary = In our routine daily practice in Lombardy region, the epicenters of COVID-19 epidemics in Italy, CT imaging resulted pervasively altered in COVID-19 patients, even in the early stages of the disease, exactly as widely reported from the recent COVID-19 outbreak in China 6, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] As a matter of fact, chest CT has been included among the diagnostic criteria during the most rampant phase of epidemic spreading in Wuhan 16 . A more informative approach to measure the effective performance of a diagnostic test used to screen a given population, e.g. patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, should measure the fraction of true positive and true negative patients correctly identified among all the positive and negative results, hence the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in 62 Patients in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354619-pftjhtpo author = Farronato, Marco title = A Call for Action to Safely Deliver Oral Health Care during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5041 sentences = 258 flesch = 49 summary = The oral cavity is purported to be one of the main host sites, both for entry and transmission, implicated in SARS-CoV-2 spread either through contact, droplet, aerosols, or saliva. Evidence suggests that the classic mechanism of transmission, contact and droplet spread, can be contained mostly by isolating symptomatic patients and by the use of facial masks/facial coverings, which de facto provides a physical barrier to the oral cavity and nose, the primary source of infection for droplets and larger aerosol particles. Following the above proposed guidelines, no cases COVID-19 disease transmission after single or multiple dental consultations was registered among the DHCW or patients. Classified as operative and non-operative, depending on their ability to work in the oral cavity or/and provide an essential outside support, the DHCW and the patients visiting the dental practice are undeniably at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further transmission [41] . cache = ./cache/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354661-wls1rd7d author = Suen, Yiu-tung title = Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5006 sentences = 265 flesch = 51 summary = title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong Building upon earlier research, this study aimed to (1) examine COVID-19-related stressors and mental health conditions among LGB people in Hong Kong during the pandemic, (2) compare the levels of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors among subgroups of LGB people, and (3) estimate the effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, it was hypothesized that sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors (i.e., family conflict related to sexual orientation and reduced connection to LGBT+ community) would be positively related to depressive and anxiety symptoms above and beyond general COVID-19-related stressors. This study also examined the effect of general COVID-19-related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms among LGB people in Hong Kong. cache = ./cache/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354658-v451z3jq author = Rajagopal, Keshava title = Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document” date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8876 sentences = 483 flesch = 41 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from ASAIO. It is the specific goal of the present paper to provide a resource document to the clinical community regarding evolving best practice strategies for advanced pulmonary and cardiac support in patients with severe progressive COVID-19. Although central cannulation is hemodynamically advantageous (with respect to higher flow rates; hemodynamic support is not relevant in pure V-V ECMO), in light of its invasiveness, bleeding risks, and specialized training required, it is more reasonable to propose peripheral cannulation as the initial approach of choice for COVID-19-related respiratory failure. cache = ./cache/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354627-y07w2f43 author = pinter, g. title = COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5478 sentences = 337 flesch = 50 summary = As an alternative to the susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning approach to predict the COVID-19 and we exemplify its potential using data from Hungary. The hybrid machine learning methods of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layered perceptron-imperialist competitive algorithm (MLP-ICA) are used to predict time series of infected individuals and mortality rate. Due to the complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and its irregularity in different countries, the standard epidemiological models, i.e., susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, had been challenged for delivering higher performance in individual nations. In this study the hybrid machine learning model of MLP-ICA and ANFIS are used to predict the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary. Both machine learning models, as an alternative to epidemiological models, showed potential in predicting COVID-19 outbreak as well as estimating total mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354534-0b7zwzjv author = Fuccillo, E title = Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2847 sentences = 161 flesch = 43 summary = The patients, intervention, comparison and outcomes ('PICO') criteria for the review were considered as follows: (1) patientspatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection certified on laboratory tests who underwent a clinical evaluation of smell impairment using anamnestic data, a smell questionnaire and/or olfactory tests; (2) interventionclinical evaluation of olfactory disorders; (3) comparisondifferent methods of evaluating olfactory function (subjective and objective); and (4) outcomeprevalence and characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in Covid-19 patients. The reported data show that smell dysfunction was, overall, more prevalent in patients investigated with validated questionnaires and/or tests with odorants (Table 3 ), compared to PubMed (("COVID" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-COV-2" OR "coronavirus")) AND ("smell" or "anosmia" or "dysosmia" or "hyposmia" or "parosmia" or "olfaction" or "olfactory") The Journal of Laryngology & Otology individuals evaluated using anamnestic data, simple surveys and/or non-validated questionnaires. cache = ./cache/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354474-hbl2ywix author = Temsah, M. H. title = Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4146 sentences = 193 flesch = 48 summary = As the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to occur in small outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare worry levels with previous findings during the MERS-CoV outbreak in 2015. To further understand the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of HCWs during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is particularly beneficial to obtain their input, especially in an area of the world where other respiratory viral illnesses are either endemic, such as MERS-CoV, or seasonal, such as influenza. The perceived adequacy of knowledge, hygienic practice changes and HCW attitudes toward infection control measures were assessed using a series of Likert-based questions (Supplementary Tables S2-S4 ). The level of knowledge of HCWs toward viral infection outbreaks during the current COVID-19 pandemic are much higher compared to the previous study conducted in the same institution during MERS-CoV a few years ago [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354774-uoewzkjt author = Setzen, Michael title = The novel corona virus and rhinology: Impact on practice patterns and future directions date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2669 sentences = 152 flesch = 50 summary = OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic on practice patterns, clinical behavior, personal health, and emotional/psychological concerns of rhinologists. CONCLUSION: In addition to severely impacting volume and the perception of future decreases in patients and revenue, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical and emotional impact on rhinologists in ways that need to be further studied. Having guidelines released by organizations and societies such as the American Academy of Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) and the ARS codifying which situations are appropriate for telemedicine versus which patients require in person evaluation may be helpful for rhinologists as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses and with future waves in mind. In addition to severely impacting practice volume and the perception of future decreases in patients and revenue, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical impact and significant emotional impact on rhinologists in ways that need to be further studied. cache = ./cache/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354861-b04ch0o3 author = Nasir, E. F. title = Study of the Sudanese perceptions of COVID-19: Applying the Health Belief Model. date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4813 sentences = 279 flesch = 50 summary = Implementation of public health measures should be based on the understanding of the public's perceptions, beliefs, and attitude; therefore, this study aimed to explore the roles of perceived threat (perceived susceptibility and perceived severity), benefits, and barriers on the health preventive measures towards COVID-19 among Sudanese population. The survey instrument was based on HBM constructs of self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity to COVID-19 benefits from and barriers to the preventive measures (17) , beside socio-demographic characteristics, health-related information and COVID-19 related-history. Besides, exploring the barriers and benefits of the preventive measures (hand hygiene and social distancing) recommended by health authorities in Sudan using HBM. The higher the levels of perceived barriers of social distancing and hand hygiene, the more likely participants were to perceive high self-efficacy, and this is not in accordance to other studies in which negative relation where established between these constructs (36, 37) . cache = ./cache/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354715-zofba2b4 author = Ransing, Ramdas title = Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?: Assessment options for mental health professionals date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1126 sentences = 71 flesch = 52 summary = A lack of specific robust screening tools or diagnostic instruments to identify relevant symptoms and attempts to study the epidemiology of COVID-19 related mental health issues using traditional assessment tools (e.g. PHQ-9, GAD-7) may lead to under-diagnosis or over-diagnosis due to their poor psychometric properties (e.g. face validity). Both the OCS and CAS can assist with identifying the maintaining factors for COVID-19 anxiety and developing interventions to tackle them. All scales were developed in the pre-peak period of the pandemic and may not be sensitive or specific enough to assess anxiety or dysfunctional thinking during peak or post-peak periods (Ransing et al., 2020) . For interventional research, the combination of scales or tools (e.g. traditional, self-report, and clinical-administered) either parallel or in a predefined sequence may be necessary to assess the change and to improve diagnostic coverage, psychometric properties, and comparative evaluation. cache = ./cache/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354702-hi4nxf67 author = Laszkowska, Monika title = Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients with Gastrointestinal Manifestations date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3386 sentences = 177 flesch = 48 summary = Background & Aims Our understanding of outcomes and disease time course of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remains limited. In this study we characterize the disease course and severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal manifestations in a large, diverse cohort from the Unites States. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with GI manifestations of COVID-19 have a reduced risk of intubation and death, but may have a longer overall disease course driven by duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization. week; however, like other early reports of GI symptoms, it did not account for the potential impact of factors such as age and comorbidities on mortality, and did not assess the overall time course of disease from symptom onset to death or discharge. 4, 21 Furthermore, small studies from China have assessed how time-course of disease is impacted by presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and some suggest presence of diarrhea may be associated with prolonged symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354819-gkbfbh00 author = Islam, Md. Zabirul title = A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3669 sentences = 238 flesch = 56 summary = title: A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images This paper aims to introduce a deep learning technique based on the combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to diagnose COVID-19 automatically from X-ray images. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a deep learning based system that combines the CNN and LSTM networks to automatically detect COVID-19 from X-ray images. By analyzing the results, it is demonstrated that a combination of CNN and LSTM has significant effects on the detection of COVID-19 based on the automatic extraction of features from X-ray images. We introduced a deep CNN-LSTM network for the detection of novel COVID-19 from X-ray images. Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks Automated detection of COVID-19 cases using deep neural networks with X-ray images cache = ./cache/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354888-448eqhg8 author = Irarrázaval, María J. title = Telemedicine for postoperative follow-up, virtual surgical clinics during COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2858 sentences = 149 flesch = 47 summary = The aim of the present prospective study is to compare the use of telemedicine clinics to in-person follow-up for postoperative care after gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 outbreak. Due to the current context and the urgent need to maintain social distance, reorganize human resources and keep patients away from clinical areas; our gastrointestinal surgery team implemented a contingency strategy based on telemedicine for postoperative patient care. This study aims to report our results using telemedicine consults for postoperative care and compare them to in-person follow-up after gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 outbreak. Only 2.8% of patients needed an in-person consultation with an attending surgeon, and only 1.9% visited the ED following a telemedicine appointment. While further prospective studies are needed to support the safety of telemedicine in postoperative care, we found that a telemedicine protocol could be safely implemented for gastrointestinal surgery follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354720-fu19u2b0 author = White-Dzuro, Gabrielle title = Multisystem effects of COVID-19: a concise review for practitioners date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5088 sentences = 285 flesch = 35 summary = It is important that clinicians managing critically ill COVID-19 patients be aware of the multisystem impact of the disease so that care can be focused on the prevention of end-organ injuries to potentially improve clinical outcomes. It is important that clinicians managing these critically ill patients be aware of the multisystem impact of the disease so that care can be focused on the prevention of end-organ injuries to potentially improve clinical outcomes. The indirect effects of the virus result from the host's response to the viral infection, and are associated with a cytokine storm characterized by very high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukins, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and chemokines [9] . include direct viral damage of nervous tissue, injury resulting from the excessive inflammatory response, unintended host immune response effects after the acute infection (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome as reported in a case series of four patients [24] ), and injury resulting from the effects of systemic illness. cache = ./cache/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354778-fqfzznns author = Zhang, Jian title = The associated factors of cesarean section during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in nine cities of China date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3492 sentences = 180 flesch = 49 summary = In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21–2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10–1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74–3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17–2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. The questionnaire included four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, information on delivery modes and pregnancy and neonatal health, physical activities, and the medical services which women accessed during the lockdown period. In the sensitivity analysis, the associations of age, pregestational BMI, number of COVID-19 cases in the resident region, and GWG with delivery modes did not change after additionally including education level and getting regular prenatal check-ups in the multivariate model (Supplementary Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354866-5yzalrri author = Esenwa, Charles title = The effect of COVID-19 on stroke hospitalizations in New York City date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1533 sentences = 82 flesch = 55 summary = During the baseline period up to February 25, 2020, the daily stroke admission rate was stable, with the slope of the regression describing the number of admissions over time equal to -0.33 (se = 1.21), not significantly different from 0 (p = 0.79), with daily admissions averaging 41. During the baseline period, the weekly stroke admission rate was stable, with the slope of the regression describing the number of admissions over time equal to -0.33 (se = 1.21) which does not significantly differ from 0 (p = 0.79). During the pandemic period, the number of arriving acute strokes decreased an average of 4.4 per week (i.e., the slope was -4.4, with se = 1.00), which differs significantly from 0 (p=0.005), with weekly admissions averaging 23, a 44% reduction versus baseline. cache = ./cache/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354699-u4s2r8gy author = de Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire title = Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3920 sentences = 207 flesch = 49 summary = In this study, the following three epidemiological indicators were adopted as dependent variables: i) COVID-19 incidence rate/100 000 inhabitants, ii) COVID-19 mortality rate/1 million inhabitants, and iii) COVID19 In addition to these, the following 16 variables that make up the Social Vulnerability Atlas and that express the population's living conditions were included: 1) illiteracy rate of people 18 years or elder, 2) illiteracy rate of people 25 years or elder, 3) income per capita of those vulnerable to poverty, 4) percentage of income from work, 5) Gini Index, 6) percentage of employees 18 years or older with a formal contract, 7) percentage of employees 18 years or elder without a formal contract, 8) percentage of public sector workers 18 years or elder, 9) percentage of self-employed workers 18 years or elder, 10) percentage of employers 18 years or elder, 11) degree of formality of the employed 18 years or elder, 12) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed primary education, 13) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed secondary education, 14) percentage of employed persons 18 years or older who have completed higher education, 15) average income of employed persons 18 years or elder, and 16) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder without income. cache = ./cache/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354608-1me3nopu author = Rabinowicz, Shira title = COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5426 sentences = 298 flesch = 42 summary = By mid-August 2020, the World Health Organization reported over 23 million confirmed cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), resulting in more than 710,000 death worldwide [1] . We review the current evidence of epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and indirect health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on children. In reports from countries that were severely affected early in course of the pandemic, children comprise 1-2% the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, underrepresented compared with other age groups [3, [13] [14] [15] . In summary, children at any age may be infected with SARS-CoV-2, with reduced frequency and severity compared with adults, although clear epidemiologic data is still missing. Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354835-o0nscint author = Roy, Sayak title = Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2461 sentences = 95 flesch = 46 summary = The correlation coefficient was calculated by plotting dependant variables the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths due to COVID 19 on the Y-axis and independent variables critical-care beds per capita, the median age of the population of the country, the number of COVID-19 tests per million population, population density (persons per square km), urban population percentage, and gross domestic product (GDP) expense on health care on the X-axis. We retrieved data between January 2020 and April 8, 2020, related to population and population density, the median age of the population of a country, urban population, number of COVID-19 testing employed per million population, GDP expense of each country on health, critical care beds available per capita, from various sources as mentioned in the reference section, stated next to each of these variables in Table 1 , along with the total number of COVID-19 cases and the case fatality rate (as per WHO Situation Report, 78 [2] ). cache = ./cache/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author = Wu, Renyi title = An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9652 sentences = 504 flesch = 42 summary = Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. This estimated 20% of patients developing more severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection are most likely due to genetics, epigenetics, and or other factors, with dampened innate immune response to fight the virus coupled with enhanced viral load leading to cytokine storm, severe inflammatory/oxidative stress response, and severe lung injury secondary to ARDS. Chloroquine can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent virus-cell fusion by interfering with glycosylation of ACE2 receptor and its binding with spike protein, suggesting that chloroquine treatment might be more effective in the early stage of infection, before COVID-19 reduces ACE2 expression and activity [30, 38, 39] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, doubleblinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) cache = ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354792-6ckgxn9l author = Ghosh, Mousam title = Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3405 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = title: Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection has been proposed. In view of these, a dynamic model to predict the pattern and volume of infected population due to the spread of COVID-19 has been proposed in the present paper considering several real life factors such as intra and inter zone mobilization, lockdown on local and global activities before detection, rate of detection and the effects of quarantine after detection. In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection, have been proposed with various operating procedures. cache = ./cache/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354928-brliql4d author = Wang, Jian title = Overweight and obesity are risks factors of severe illness in patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2408 sentences = 167 flesch = 56 summary = CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity were independent risk factors of severe illness in COVID‐19 patients. Old age and comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease, were identified as risk factors of poor outcomes for COVID-19 patients according previous studies (3, 4) . Obesity was regarded as a common risk factor to aggravate the severity of respiratory diseases, which was associated with poor prognosis in influenza A (H1N1) pulmonary infection (5, 6) . A retrospective study enrolled 124 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) showed more patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) therapy with increased body mass index (BMI) (12) . Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor of severe illness and fatal outcome of COVID-19 (24) (25) (26) . cache = ./cache/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354939-lon10s7z author = Singh, S. title = ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1611 sentences = 94 flesch = 43 summary = title: ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS A time-series association study was conducted on 23 different Zn sufficiency level but socially similar European populations/countries (Population: 522.47 million; experiencing up to >150 fold difference in death rates) with supposedly similar confounders and stage of the pandemic, covering the period from pre-peak-of-infections to post-peak-of-infections till flattening of the 1st wave of infections (12 March to 26 June). ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20151290 doi: medRxiv preprint 3 | P a g e reduced COVID-19 mortality using early-stage pandemic data (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) , though not without controversies for inclusion/exclusion criteria, non-matched pandemic stages, appropriateness of the data set and loss of association with the time post-peak-of-infections (8, 9, 11, 13) . The COVID-19 mortality rate in socially similar populations (Boxed NA and EU) is strongly associated with their Zinc sufficiency (Sup. Fig. cache = ./cache/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354902-t9df8vhc author = Kearns, Donovan G. title = Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 590 sentences = 36 flesch = 51 summary = title: Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic 10 Dupilumab, an interleukin 4 alpha receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, is a 11 treatment for patients >12 years with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). In three randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials (SOLO 1, SOLO 2, and 18 CHRONOS), adults with moderate-to-severe AD received dupilumab (300 mg) weekly (qw), 19 3 Furthermore, in 28 all three trials, it was concluded that the rate of infection was not increased in dupilumab-treated 29 patients compared to placebo. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus 58 Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis Long-term management of 60 moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical 61 corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-62 controlled, phase 3 trial cache = ./cache/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354885-fkgr2o9i author = Hoffer-Hawlik, Michael A. title = Leveraging Telemedicine for Chronic Disease Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During Covid-19 date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1545 sentences = 75 flesch = 42 summary = In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, many lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) expanded access to telemedicine to maintain essential health services. Telemedicine can not only maintain essential medical care for chronic disease patients in LMICs throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, but also strengthen primary health care delivery and reduce socio-economic disparities in health care access over the long-term. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) expanded access to telemedicine to maintain essential medical care when face-to-face visits are unsafe. Although there has been attention to the accelerated growth of telemedicine services in the United States and other high-income countries, the telemedicine revolution may have an even greater benefit in LMICs, where it could improve health care access for vulnerable and geographically remote patients [1, 2] . Telemedicine can play a key role not only in maintaining essential health services for chronic disease patients in LMICs during the Covid-19 pandemic, but also in long-term primary health care strengthening. cache = ./cache/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354689-dsv63it1 author = Chen, Qian title = Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3539 sentences = 164 flesch = 40 summary = title: Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China Based on our experiences, the objective is to provide practical suggestions for the safe resumption of ERCP procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on patient risk assessment, personal protection equipment (PPE), and dress code modalities, all of which have been implemented in our hospital to reduce the risk of viral transmission. For patients with predicted severe acute biliary pancreatitis, whether or not cholangitis is present, urgent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 72 h of admission has been recommended by several guidelines, as fewer complications tend to develop (11) (12) (13) (14) . Here we presented the first case of acute pancreatitis secondary to JPDD related CBD stone at the post-outbreak stage of which COVID-19 is on the way to be fully controlled, whereas urgent ERCP was necessary to significantly improve the patient's outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354900-bzv4yhqi author = Jawhara, Samir title = How to boost the immune defence prior to respiratory virus infections with the special focus on coronavirus infections date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3691 sentences = 162 flesch = 34 summary = During the period of home confinement facing individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, our immune defence could be weakened by different factors, including stress, anxiety and poor nutrition, while a healthy diet rich in vitamins C and D can reinforce the immune defence and reduce the risk of microbial infections. This short review focuses on the role of baker's yeast β-glucan, with a healthy diet rich in natural vitamins C and D, in addition to a healthy gut microbiota can provide synergistic immune system support, helping the body to naturally defend prior to respiratory virus infections, until stronger options such as vaccines are available. Of note, the SARS-CoV-2 particles first invade the respiratory mucosa and infect other cell types, causing a series of immune responses and the overproduction of cytokines 'cytokine storm' , which may be related to the critical condition of COVID-19 patients [21] . cache = ./cache/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354989-k0qktzor author = Mantica, Guglielmo title = NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 520 sentences = 27 flesch = 58 summary = title: NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting infection, COVID-19, is posing an enormous threat and huge workload to emergency departments (EDs) worldwide 1 . The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health emergency that is impacting the behaviour of entire populations in response to a direct threat to both individuals and communities. We compared ED visits in two major referral hospitals in the North of Italy from the 21st February to 16th April with COVID-19 daily mortality data from the Italian Civil Protection Department 4 (see Figure 1 ). It emerges that the two curves almost mirror one another, with a meeting point on the 16th of March and the lowest peak of ED visits corresponding with the highest peak in the COVID-19 daily mortality trend. cache = ./cache/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354941-0ocsf255 author = Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title = Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10005 sentences = 523 flesch = 59 summary = This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the 'holding, healing space' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the 'other side.' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of 'functionality' or 'normality' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) . cache = ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354959-0iwdqbu6 author = Saddik, B. title = Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3824 sentences = 196 flesch = 51 summary = The findings from our study can be used to support the development of effective screening strategies and interventions to build psychological resilience among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health emergencies in the future. When we 201 compared GAD-7 scores for medical students by gender, specialty (dental or medical), contact 202 with COVID-19, rotation type and clinical phase of study, we found that females, dental medicine 203 students, students who had been in contact with COVID-19 patients and students in their clinical 204 phase of study reported statistically significant higher anxiety levels. Furthermore, this study assessed anxiety 282 levels at three different time points: during hospital visits for medical and dental students, before 283 online learning and after switching to the online learning for all students. cache = ./cache/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354943-wxhbwcfr author = Guo, Li title = Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3486 sentences = 181 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: The host humoral response against SARS-CoV-2, including IgA, IgM, and IgG response, was examined by using an ELISA-based assay on the recombinant viral nucleocapsid protein. The positive detection rate is significantly increased (98.6%) when combining IgM ELISA assay with PCR for each patient compared with a single qPCR test (51.9%). Western blot analysis showed that there was no cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 rNP with human plasma positive for IgG antibodies against NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1. The antibody levels were then evaluated in the plasma samples of CCs and PCs. The appearance of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was positive as early as day 1 after the symptom onset ( Figure 3A) . These results suggest that IgM ELISA can increase the positive detection rate when combined with the PCR method and can be used for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354972-nc496v6s author = Margolin, Emmanuel title = Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10919 sentences = 464 flesch = 37 summary = As of 8 August 2020, there have been over 1.2 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Africa, with 29,833 deaths reported (Africa CDC) There is concern that the pandemic may pose an even greater risk to countries in Africa owing to their weak health-care infrastructure, large burden of co-infections, including HIV-1 and tuberculosis, and ongoing outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections such as Ebola virus (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Lassa haemorrhagic fever (Nigeria) that will divert much-needed resources away from the fight against COVID-19 (ref. Given the optimistic development timeline of 12-18 months before any vaccines could be available for widespread use, it is clear that these efforts will not Box 1 | Potential impact of climate on SArS-coV-2 dissemination the comparatively low incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COviD19) in africa has raised the possibility that climate could influence the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-Cov-2). cache = ./cache/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354936-do0bmpxt author = Chatterjee, Ranit title = COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool: Dual application of risk communication and risk governance date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6218 sentences = 370 flesch = 57 summary = To strengthen the community level response, a coordinated approach of disaster risk governance from Sendai Framework point of view is needed to manage this public health emergency. In comparison to the Arogya Setu App by Government of India, the COVID-19 Risk assessment tool, provides awareness information in the form of questions which are also used to assess the risk based on behaviour and social compliance. Further, the COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool generates information on anxiety levels to understand the need for psychosocial care as part of overall response. The tool is a low-cost technology-based solution to provide assessment of individual risk as well as increase community awareness. The COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool is broadly based on four major factors of health, exposure, behavior and social policy. As the paper states, the COVID-19 Risk assessment tool goes beyond the medical symptoms and considers factors of individual behaviour and social policy. cache = ./cache/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355015-e681jmix author = Cici, Remziye title = Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1832 sentences = 115 flesch = 53 summary = PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The candidate's perspective on the profession was captured with help of two survey questions: first, "What was your perspective on the nursing profession before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?", to which the answer choices were "positive," "negative," and "undecided." The second question asked, "Are you willing to practice your profession in the future?" and the answer choices were "yes" and "no." Self-assessments of the influence of the pandemic on mental health and the fear with regard to the risk of contagion were also captured with questions with the answers "yes and no." In summary, in our study, it was found that anxiety levels increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and perspectives on the profession showed a negative trend due to the pandemic among candidate nurses. Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354993-gdz63spj author = Larcher, Victor title = Children of COVID-19: pawns, pathfinders or partners? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1954 sentences = 111 flesch = 55 summary = 1 Covid-19 infection has been comparatively benign in children, but there is mounting evidence that their health and welfare have been aversely affected by social measures to control the pandemic. Ethical guidance so far issued makes no specific provision or concession for children-or indeed any vulnerable group, or those with instrumental value to society, 3 but is founded on the principle of equal concern and respect. 8 This Convention would apply to children's involvement in the recovery from lockdown, for example, return to school, even if a consequence was of significant concomitant benefit to adults such as the ability of parents to return to work, improvement of family social circumstances and mental health. It would also encourage the more active involvement of children in the process, be compatible with participation rights as granted by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNRC) and give participants a sense of inclusivity and partnership that would be of social utility. cache = ./cache/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355001-audh5qa7 author = Novick, Tessa K. title = COVID-19 and Kidney Disease Disparities in the United States date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3574 sentences = 236 flesch = 50 summary = Older adults, people experiencing unstable housing, racial and ethnic minorities and immigrants are potentially at increased risk for infection and severe complications from COVID-19. In the context of the viral pandemic, here we describe many disparities and additional struggles of patient populations with kidney disease, including those faced by the aging and homeless, and among racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, and refugees. A study in San Francisco found that chronic kidney disease patients experiencing homelessness have higher acute care utilization than stably housed counterparts, and greater exposure to hospitals increases COVID-19 exposure. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a study in Baltimore found that chronic kidney disease patients experiencing housing insecurity were 59% more likely to post-pone needed medical care. 54 Without insurance, undocumented immigrants do not have consistent access to primary care, and undiagnosed or poorly controlled chronic conditions increase their risk for severe complications from COVID-19 if infected. cache = ./cache/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355023-68lp7i5v author = Rishi, Praveen title = Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5799 sentences = 253 flesch = 38 summary = In this context, a plant based rich fiber diet, which happens to be consumed by a majority of the Indian population, appears to be advantageous, as it replenishes the host gut microbiota with beneficial microbes thereby leading to a symbiotic association conferring various health benefits to the host including enhanced immunity. Further, implementation of the lockdown which has proven to be a good non-pharmacological measure, seems to have resulted in consumption of home cooked healthy diet, thereby enriching the beneficial microflora in the gut, which might have resulted in better prognosis of COVID-19 patients in India in comparison to that observed in the western countries. Here, it may be inferred that plant based, home cooked, rich fiber diet consumed by the Indian population during lockdown, might have resulted in generation of symbiotic microflora, thereby eliciting anti-inflammatory responses. cache = ./cache/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355028-1x7w1749 author = Piazza, Cesare title = Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4316 sentences = 167 flesch = 33 summary = INTRODUCTION: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. In the meantime, however, as a consequence of the combination of an increased number of long-term intubated, critically ill patients, and delayed tracheostomy, it is probable that, in the near future, an unprecedented rise of iatrogenic sequelae ranging from granulomas, webs, and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), to tracheomalacia, tracheal necrosis, tracheo-esophageal, and tracheo-innominate fistulae may come to arise [16, 17] . The aim of the present paper from the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society is, therefore, to alert the medical and scientific communities to the possibility of a surge in the number of airway injuries in the short and medium term, to provide a narrative review of the main mechanisms potentially leading to laryngotracheal injuries during prolonged intubation and tracheostomy, and to help in proactively diagnosing and treating LTS. cache = ./cache/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355173-rnley2ow author = Ibrahim, R. R. title = Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria using Box-Jenkins Modeling Procedure date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3755 sentences = 165 flesch = 54 summary = To study the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020, Zhu et al., (2020) generated the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases using data from National Health Commission. Using mathematical and statistical models as described in other studies above, study of the trend of the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria can provide critical information for responding to outbreaks and understanding the impact of strategies employed by the government in containing the spread of the disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101 As shown in Figure 3 , the daily spread data from April 26 to May 5, 2020, were predicted using the ARIMA(1,1,0) model based on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria from February 27 to April 26, 2020, the results of which suggested that the predicted values fitted well with the actual values. cache = ./cache/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355074-u5s3uzp6 author = Bamgboye, Ebun L. title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different? date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3829 sentences = 204 flesch = 54 summary = We also collected data on variables that could explain the apparent differences in COVID-19 case numbers, mortality, and tests in Africa, compared to other parts of the world. Case numbers, mortality, number of tests performed, and demographic data were summarized and compared by continents, regions, and countries within the continent of Africa. The number of cases per million population (pmp) globally is 2,278, with South America (9549 pmp), North America (9,331) and Europe (3,842) the most affected regions, while Africa has a lower rate of 695 pmp ( Figure 2 ). Within the continent as well, countries with slightly older populations like Egypt and South Africa are also the ones with the highest numbers and the greater case fatality rates ( Figure 5 ). The prevalence of these conditions is greatest in the countries of the Maghreb and South Africa all of which have the highest case numbers and the worst CFR on the continent (Figures 6 and 7) . cache = ./cache/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355080-bzax1u33 author = Atkins, J. L. title = PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES PREDICTING SEVERE COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UK BIOBANK COMMUNITY COHORT date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2792 sentences = 165 flesch = 48 summary = However, in adjusted models, COVID-19 patients were more likely than other participants to have pre-existing dementia (OR=3.07 95% CI 1.71 to 5.50), COPD (OR= 1.82 CI 1.33 to 2.49), depression (OR=1.81 CI 1.36 to 2.40), type 2 diabetes (OR=1.70 CI 1.30 to 2.21), chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. Given the scarcity of cohort data on risk factors for severe COVID in older groups, we undertook an initial analysis of baseline (2006 to 2010) demographic characteristics and preexisting diagnoses during UK Biobank (UKB) follow-up. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092700 doi: medRxiv preprint diagnoses of dementia, COPD, depression, chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation emerged as independent risk factors. In older adults, several specific pre-existing co-morbidities are disproportionally common in severe COVID-19 patients, notably including dementia, depression, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. cache = ./cache/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355039-qi4fwqbc author = Azar, William S. title = COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7350 sentences = 392 flesch = 44 summary = In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The different studies presented suggest that patients with diabetes may not only be prone to a more severe COVID-19 disease, but also to an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Although plausible hypotheses for the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases like hypertension are still under investigation, ACE2 seems to play a key role in the association between COVID-19 and DM [60] (Table 1 ). suggested that higher ACE2 expression in the lungs increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection with more severe complications and was causally correlated with diabetes [68] . In this review, we describe three potential mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to a more severe COVID-19 disease, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355181-affuyn8z author = Poggio, Claudio title = Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5793 sentences = 304 flesch = 43 summary = SARS-CoV-2 (acronym for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), responsible for the current outbreak that causes COVID-19 (acronym for "corona virus disease 2019"), is reported to be able of surviving on inanimate surfaces for days. An interesting 2008 article that dealt with environmental hygiene focused on the importance of the transmission of respiratory tract infections Genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 has recently been demonstrated in the plasma of patients with COVID-19, thus feeding concerns for virus shedding during surgical procedures [16] . Incorporation of copper alloy surfaces in conjunction with effective cleaning regimens and good clinical practice could help to control transmission of respiratory coronaviruses, including MERS and SARS [52, 53] . Incorporation of copper alloy surfaces in conjunction with effective cleaning regimens and good clinical practice could help to control transmission of respiratory coronaviruses, including MERS and SARS [52, 53] . cache = ./cache/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355031-l0tj7kp2 author = Krenitsky, Nicole M. title = Primed for a Pandemic: Implementation of Telehealth Outpatient Monitoring for Women with Mild COVID-19 date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2998 sentences = 168 flesch = 43 summary = A virtual telemonitoring clinic for obstetric patients with mild COVID-19 offers an effective surveillance strategy as it allows for close monitoring, direct connection to in person evaluation, minimization of patient and provider exposure, and scalability. 16 An appropriately implemented telehealth system can ensure that patients with COVID-19 receive adequate monitoring and that their care can be escalated to in-person when warranted by their clinical status. Given the constraints of a pandemic and the success of previous obstetric telehealth programs, a virtual outpatient COVID-19 clinic was established at an academic medical center and its affiliated community hospital in New York City, the epicenter of the United States pandemic. This novel clinic was designed to enable the close tracking of pregnant and postpartum women via the integration of telehealth visits, remote patient monitoring devices, and electronic medical record keeping. cache = ./cache/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355122-x3v80bdp author = Desterke, Christophe title = PPARγ cistrome repression during activation of lung monocyte-macrophages in severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7873 sentences = 368 flesch = 43 summary = Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time, the involvement of the PPARγ complex in severe COVID-19 lung disease and suggest strongly its role in the major monocyte / macrophage-mediated inflammatory storm. A differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed on lung biopsies from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors; this revealed widespread repression of many gene pathways in COVID-19 lungs (Supplemental Figures 4A-4B) , which could affect major functionalities of the cells in this organ. Specifically, the gene-set enrichment analysis (performed using the 'hallmarks' gene set of the MsigDB database) highlighted repression of the mitosis spindle and p53 pathway (cell cycle gatekeeper) in samples of COVID-19 lungs compared to those of healthy donors (NES = -3.45 and -2.77, respectively, with p-value<0.001, Supplemental Figure 5A ). Mononuclear cells, monocytes, and macrophages were found in positions similar to the COVID-19 lung samples, suggesting major infiltrations in this tissue (Supplemental Figure 4E ) and confirming the results of the 'xcell' immune score analysis (Supplemental Figure 4C ). cache = ./cache/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355115-oa0okey8 author = Odedra, Devang title = Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3108 sentences = 185 flesch = 50 summary = In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs. In this study, we aimed to survey Canadian radiology residents on the impact of COVID-19 on their residency training by means of a web-based questionnaire. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies utilized by the training programs. cache = ./cache/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355186-7u4h083p author = Kobak, Senol title = Comment on “Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?” date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 692 sentences = 55 flesch = 53 summary = The main argument of the authors is that colchicine may have not increased the intracellular pH enough and cannot prevent the binding of the virus to the target angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) receptors. Also, they suggest that colchicine may increase the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) which may occur during COVID-19 infection. There are no studies investigating the intracellular concentration of colchicine in corona infection, while such data exist regarding chloroquine [2] . When COVID-19 is passed into the cell via ACE2, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is triggered by immunological mechanisms. Considering the mechanism of action of colchicine, it would make rationale use in patients with COVID-19 infection [8] . Recently, we reported COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF under treatment with colchicine [9] . Covid-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does the colchicine have protective effect cache = ./cache/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355192-80f2658b author = Owen, Rhiannon K title = Comparing associations between frailty and mortality in hospitalised older adults with or without COVID-19 infection: a retrospective observational study using electronic health records date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4585 sentences = 207 flesch = 47 summary = INTERPRETATION: In this study, frailty measured using the CFS appeared to make little incremental contribution to the hazard of dying in older people hospitalised with COVID-19 infection; illness severity and comorbidity had a modest association with the overall adjusted hazard of death, whereas confirmed COVID-19 infection dominated, with a sevenfold hazard for death. In the non-COVID-19-related critical care context, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores ≥5 are associated with between 40 and 60% 30-day mortality after critical care, with much better outcomes seen in older people at lower levels of frailty [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . Although other authors report that frailty is associated with poorer outcomes in older people with COVID-19 [31] , they studied a population which included those less than 65 years of age, did not adjust for illness severity and did not use the full range of the CFS, for example, reporting on those with CFS scores 7-9, rather than individually as in our study. cache = ./cache/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355175-uo9fx6jy author = Ferrazzi, E title = Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3176 sentences = 195 flesch = 51 summary = Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardised questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric co‐morbidity, course of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding. Conclusions Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. Another clinical series of 11 women with COVID 19 infection who had successful deliveries (10 caesarean and 1 vaginal) has been reported: in all the newborns, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was negative. This paper reports the obstetric outcome of a cohort of COVID-19-affected pregnant women and the rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in newborns according to mode of delivery and breastfeeding status. Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded, our study also suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. cache = ./cache/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355102-jcyq8qve author = Avila, Eduardo title = Hemogram data as a tool for decision-making in COVID-19 management: applications to resource scarcity scenarios date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4768 sentences = 242 flesch = 39 summary = PURPOSE: This work describes a machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data performed in symptomatic patients and how they can be used to predict qRT-PCR test results. METHODS: Hemogram exams data from 510 symptomatic patients (73 positives and 437 negatives) were used to model and predict qRT-PCR results through Naïve-Bayes algorithms. In order to evaluate the adequacy and generalization power of the proposed model, as well as its tolerance to handle samples containing missing data (i.e., at least one variable with no informed values), an additional set of 92 samples (10 positives for COVID-19 and 82 negatives) was obtained from the patient database. When no clinical or medical data is available, or when decisions regarding resource management involving multiple symptomatic patients are necessary, the model can be used in multiple individuals simultaneously, aiming to identify those with higher probabilities of presenting positive qRT-PCR results. cache = ./cache/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author = Kassa, Semu M. title = Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8616 sentences = 451 flesch = 54 summary = Whereas knowledge of the virus dynamics and host response are essential for formulating strategies for antiviral treatment, vaccination, and epidemiological control of COVID-19, estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and help to identify whether public health control measures are having a measurable effect [5, 39] . Applying the above described set of assumptions in the bounds for some of the parameters, we optimized the model output to fit the daily new cases data reported from the Hubei province, China. Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19 Figure 11 : Dynamics of the disease with at most 10% of the population in the class and at least 50% of the class are detected and quarantined just after Phase 1 period, with strict social distancing rule imposed for 11 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355047-ri43d5wk author = Sarangi, Bhakti title = Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian Children in the Initial Phase of the Pandemic date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1798 sentences = 116 flesch = 57 summary = METHODS: Clinical and laboratory profile and outcomes were studied for children (aged 1 month — 18 years) presenting between 1 April, 2020 and 20 May, 2020 with positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. All children between one month and 18 years of age who tested positive by the RT-PCR technique for nasopharyngeal swab were included in the study -these also included asymptomatic children as per the management guidelines in force. High CRP values have now become synonymous with severe COVID-19 infection among adults as seen in majority of the studies [13] . In conclusion, our study shows that there is a higher disease burden in lower-socioeconomic groups with majority of children having a positive household contact. • Majority of Indian children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had a mild course of disease during the initial stages of the pandemic Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: An observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355292-n6sq2jz9 author = Chen, Yan title = Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2625 sentences = 148 flesch = 56 summary = A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. The other infant was born by vaginal delivery to a mother experiencing fever (highest temperature 38.3 • C), with a diagnostically confirmed infection. Recently, a finding from nine other cases suggested that there is no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy (1) . This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355131-ushv3n0z author = Giuffrè, Mauro title = COVID-19-Induced Thrombosis in Patients without Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Fecal Calprotectin: Hypothesis Regarding Mechanism of Intestinal Damage Associated with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1451 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = Background: Patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and gastrointestinal symptoms showed increased values of fecal calprotectin (FC). At the time of writing this letter, the principal cause of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage and massive capillary congestion often accompanied by microthrombi or, in lower percentages, by generalized thrombotic microangiopathy, as reported by post-mortem examinations [1] . Additionally, an autoptic study on the small intestine of two COVID-19 patients showed endotheliitis of the submucosa vessels and evidence of direct viral infection of endothelial cells [6] . Regarding the clinical presentation, gastrointestinal symptoms are present in up to 28% of patients with COVID-19 [7] [8] [9] , and fecal SARS-CoV-2-RNA was detected in approximately 50% of positive individuals [8] [9] [10] . [5] proposed the role of fecal calprotectin (FC) as a marker of intestinal inflammation in COVID-19 patients who developed gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355218-eici4eit author = Punn, Narinder Singh title = Automated diagnosis of COVID-19 with limited posteroanterior chest X-ray images using fine-tuned deep neural networks date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5950 sentences = 324 flesch = 48 summary = Recently, with the release of publicly available datasets of corona positive patients comprising of computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) imaging; scientists, researchers and healthcare experts are contributing for faster and automated diagnosis of COVID-19 by identifying pulmonary infections using deep learning approaches to achieve better cure and treatment. Following from this context, this article presents the random oversampling and weighted class loss function approach for unbiased fine-tuned learning (transfer learning) in various state-of-the-art deep learning approaches such as baseline ResNet, Inception-v3, Inception ResNet-v2, DenseNet169, and NASNetLarge to perform binary classification (as normal and COVID-19 cases) and also multi-class classification (as COVID-19, pneumonia, and normal case) of posteroanterior CXR images. [31] proposed a deep convolutional neural network based automatic prediction model of COVID-19 with the help of pre-trained transfer models using CXR images. Detection of coronavirus (covid-19) associated pneumonia based on generative adversarial networks and a fine-tuned deep transfer learning model using chest x-ray dataset cache = ./cache/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355271-zynnr776 author = Agrawal, Amit title = Letter to the editor– “Staying Home - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 640 sentences = 44 flesch = 56 summary = title: Letter to the editor– "Staying Home Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic Additionally, our apparent impression is that there is decrease in the number cases who are requiring neurosurgical interventions for neurotrauma related conditions. 6, 7 Furthermore, comparative reduction in the number of surgeries may be due to overall decrease in neurotrauma cases and also due to DNR (do not resuscitate) strategies in terminally sick patients. We also observe that probably the reduction in the incidence in neurotrauma cases (needs more studies and objective to support) is due to restriction of nonessential activities, social distancing, less crowding and restricted public as well as private transportation. An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India) Staying Home" -Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355146-6rat5j64 author = Whittemore, Paul title = Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1329 sentences = 65 flesch = 51 summary = A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 high-dependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. He was successfully weaned off oxygen entirely without any requirement for non-invasive or invasive ventilation and made a recovery to be discharged home after an 18-day hospital stay. A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 highdependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. 1 We present a case of a 60-year-old man who developed extensive COVID-19 pneumonitis who was successfully managed with low-flow oxygen (up to 12 L/min given via a non-rebreather mask) and awake proning and was able to be discharged home. 2 Our case study highlights the potential for the use of awake proning in those patients who are not intubated, both as an adjunct to treatment with oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. cache = ./cache/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355283-ny1ju7vc author = Colombo, L. title = How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1953 sentences = 95 flesch = 40 summary = title: How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism Although the most known feature of SARS-CoV-2 associated infection is a mild to severe pneumonia, increasing evidence suggests the existence of an infection-associated risk of both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the exact magnitude of this phenomenon is still unknown. Only a few months have passed since the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , have spread all over the world, resulting in more than 17 million cases, more than 670,000 infection-related deaths [1] and a global health threat that has no comparison in the last decades. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355311-x6cozo6b author = Cunningham, Conor title = Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2338 sentences = 116 flesch = 47 summary = Despite the importance of these Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM), they present challenges to maintaining a physically active lifestyle, particularly for older adults. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic physical inactivity was one of the most important public health challenges facing older adults globally. The stress and anxiety that people are experiencing during the pandemic may also impair an individual's immune defence, and in this regard it is critical that older adults aim to maintain recommended levels of physical activity to help boost immune function and mitigate the deleterious effects that inactivity and social isolation may place on the immune system [19] . It is imperative that PA should continue to be promoted during this crisis Governments, public health agencies, health professionals, and community-based organisations and networks must support older adults to be physically active during COVID-19 to decrease the negative physiological and psychological impact of sedentary behaviours. cache = ./cache/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355208-hpldjsc5 author = Leisman, Daniel E. title = Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1414 sentences = 93 flesch = 35 summary = The reported inflammatory response in COVID-19 is also not consistent with either typical ARDS or cytokine-release syndromes (CRS) or "cytokine storm. Reports of increased respiratory dead space suggest lung-vascular thrombosis from thrombotic microangiopathy or pulmonary embolism. Reported findings indicate that immunosuppression, endothelial activation, and direct viral-mediated tissue damage, rather than hyperinflammatory injury, mediate COVID-induced organ dysfunction. Viral injury, disordered cytokine release, and damage-associated Fig. 1 (1) The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects an endothelial cell by binding to ACE-2. Cellular infection initiates localized inflammation, endothelial activation, tissue damage, and disordered cytokine release. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AngI, angiotensin-I; AngII, angiotensin-II; Ang (1-7), angiotensin (1-7); DAMPs, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce localized microvascular inflammation, which triggers endothelial activation, leading to vasodilation and pro-thrombotic conditions. Among the known effects of AngII are vasoconstriction, endothelial activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. COVID-induced respiratory failure involves physiologic, clinical, and immunologic phenotypes that are not consistent with either ARDS or cytokine-release syndromes. cache = ./cache/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355296-46jf56nc author = Goldstein, David P. title = Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis management in laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3056 sentences = 143 flesch = 47 summary = Since coronavirus is transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosolization of virus from the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), aerosol generating procedures (AGPs), such as those frequently performed in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, can put health care workers at significant risk of transmission of the virus when performed in COVID-19 positive patients [4] [5] [6] . Laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) who use a voice prosthesis for vocal restoration require frequent specialized on-going care in addition to their oncology follow-up. In the context of the current pandemic, it is important to develop clear processes to support patients at risk for complications associated with TEP voice prosthesis use in order to guard their safety and reduce potential additional health system burden. Described below is the process for inter-professional care and management of laryngectomy patients with TEP complications at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355155-1k48jx7v author = Harper, L. title = The impact of covid-19 on research date = 2020-07-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 64 flesch = 53 summary = Not only are specialty journals being flooded with submissions by authors being unwittingly granted much needed writing time, but publications on COVID have literally inundated us. In recent weeks, several prestigious journals, including the Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine, have published retractions of earlier and potentially major COVID-related findings 4,5 . On June 15, 2020, The New York Times highlighted potential lapses in the peer review process affecting major scientific journals 6 . Moreover, just as COVID-19 has shown social, racial, and economic health disparities, the pandemic seems also to have accentuated existing gender inequalities within the field of research 9 . Travel, social, and funding restrictions will also take a serious toll on scientific research worldwide. The global impact the crisis will have on the economy makes it hard to imagine that future research funding will not be substantially affected. How is biomedical research funding faring during the COVID-19 lockdown? cache = ./cache/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355256-7ksbvisv author = Sloane, Philip D. title = Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ‘Wicked Problem” with Breakthrough Solutions? date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2729 sentences = 142 flesch = 57 summary = title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A 'Wicked Problem" with Breakthrough Solutions? Each has health care regulations that, while extensive, could not possibly have fully prepared them for COVID-19; instead, in the face of an impending outbreak, rapid, nimble responses were needed, and these have proven hard to initiate and coordinate in all three settings. Nursing homes have been known for years to be an especially hazardous component of the health care system, with high rates of multidrug resistance and multiple problems around infectious disease prevention. 32 The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a wicked problem for the cruise ship industry, the prison system, and the nursing home industry. However, by virtue of having worked in post-acute and long-term care for over 40 years, I feel prepared to highlight a few issues that need priority attention: physical plant limitations, chronic staffing problems, poor infection control, and limited health care capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355356-g7lvb8b4 author = Lamb, Yvette N. title = Remdesivir: First Approval date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5025 sentences = 235 flesch = 44 summary = Having demonstrated potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses in preclinical studies, remdesivir emerged as a candidate drug for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, during the current global pandemic. Based on preliminary results from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase III ACTT-1 trial (NCT04280705) in patients with COVID-19, remdesivir significantly reduced time to recovery relative to placebo (median 11 days vs 15 days; rate ratio for recovery 1.32; 95% CI 1.12-1.55; p < 0.001) [primary endpoint] [41] . Among pregnant women (n = 67) and postpartum women (n = 19) who received compassionate use remdesivir for severe COVID-19, rates of clinical improvement were 96% and 89%, respectively, at day 28 [45] . In paediatric patients (aged 0-17 years) with severe COVID-19 treated with compassionate use remdesivir (n = 77), the clinical improvement rate was 88% at day 28 [46] . cache = ./cache/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355365-goi0uw32 author = Minocha, Amal title = Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 665 sentences = 36 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Minocha, Amal; Sim, Sing Yue; Than, Jonathan; Vakros, Georgios We conducted a self-administered anonymous survey (Google Forms) disseminated by email of ophthalmology doctors, nurses, optometrists and healthcare assistants employed at Moorfields Eye Hospital, Western Eye Hospital and Manchester Royal Eye Hospital from 10 March 2020 to 12 March 2020 to assess perception of COVID-19 exposure risk, understanding and confidence in current Public Health England (PHE) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. One respondent raised concerns about the lack of guidance for managing patients presenting to standalone eye units with suspected COVID-19 requiring emergency ophthalmic surgery. Our survey demonstrates a lack of confidence in and understanding of COVID-19 PHE guidance amongst ophthalmic practitioners, together with significant anxiety regarding exposure risk in the ophthalmic setting. Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye cache = ./cache/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author = Ambrosio, Luca title = The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4988 sentences = 259 flesch = 38 summary = Due to the higher protective potential, the WHO recommends that all healthcare workers should wear a respirator (≥FFP2/N95) when performing AGPs. In all other situations, wearing a surgical mask is reasonably safe when providing direct care to COVID-19 patients, especially in case of respirator scarcity [51, 58] . (1) Patient and provider safety: interpersonal distancing is required together with proper use of PPE and patient contact restricted to the minimum needed; (2) Provision of necessary care: orthopaedic residents must continue to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; (3) System sustainability: resident workforce should be disposed to obtain the maximum output with minimum effort in respect of resource availability and institutional necessities; (4) System flexibility: the strategy should be tailored to the evolving pandemic and able to adapt to future unpredictable changes; (5) Preservation of command and control: hospital overload, redeployment in COVID-19 departments and disruption of the daily routine are posing a significant stress for residents and trainees. cache = ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355383-cqd2pa8c author = Olagoke, Ayokunle A. title = Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2844 sentences = 158 flesch = 46 summary = In an attempt to stimulate public response, threat perception, and persuade people to comply with the preventive policies and regulations, the mainstream media rely on producing news contents that will increase the perceived self-efficacy to protect, vulnerability to the disease, and severity of the pandemic outbreaks (Bish & Michie, 2010; Park, Boatwright, & Avery, 2019; Pieri, 2019) . The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to COVID-19-related news on mainstream media, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Participants reported exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media as 2.73 AE 0.91, depressive symptoms (1.92 AE 0.93), perceived severity (3.73 AE 1.19), perceived vulnerability (3.67 AE 1.07) and, self-efficacy (4.01 AE 0.67). Standardized mediation tests showed perceived vulnerability as mediating 34.4% (bias-corrected 95% CI = 7.79-149.35) of the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media and depressive symptoms (Figure 1 ) with an indirect effect of b = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06. In this study of 501 participants, perceived vulnerability mediated the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on the mainstream media and depressive symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355294-gifsqph6 author = García-Suárez, Julio title = Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4736 sentences = 300 flesch = 46 summary = title: Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study METHODS: In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. This case series included consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies aged ≥ 18 years who received a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the emergency departments, hospital wards (patients infected while hospitalized) or outpatient clinics of these Madrid hospitals up to May 25, 2020. Potential prognostic factors were collected including pre-infection patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities, type of hematologic malignancy and therapy), COVID-19 clinical severity, treatments and care setting. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was worse, and mortality rates were higher among older patients and those with a greater number of comorbidities and varied by type of hematologic malignancy and active antineoplastic treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355395-rckzi8vz author = Tian, Dandan title = Hepatic complications of COVID‐19 and its treatment date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2896 sentences = 137 flesch = 40 summary = SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via ACE2. Considering limited number of autopsy cases in patients with COVID-19 studied and the relatively low expression of ACE2 in liver, liver damage directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of hepatocytes deserves further investigation. It was speculated that in addition to the virus itself causing liver injury, immune injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia and hypoxia reperfusion injury, and drug-induced injury may be the main mechanisms that cause secondary liver injury in patients with COVID-19 [11] [12] 14, 27 . Patients with COVID-19 have varying degrees of hypoxemia, with more than 40% requiring oxygen therapy 5 Drug hepatotoxicity( Figure 2) In China, the incidence of drug-induced liver injury is second only to viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease (including alcoholic and non-alcoholic). cache = ./cache/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355441-0b266hwn author = Misztal, Krzysztof title = The importance of standardisation – COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock for deep learning purpose date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3074 sentences = 188 flesch = 52 summary = The aim of COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock is to create a public pool of CT and radiograph images of lungs to increase the efficiency of distinguishing COVID-19 disease from other types of pneumonia and from healthy chest. Training neural networks on these datasets requires including samples from additional data sources such as common bacterial pneumonia [11] or lung nodule analysis [12, 13] . Apostolopoulos and Mpesiana [14] used a MobileNet v2 [15] pre-trained on 55 ImageNet [16] for fine-tuning on two datasets which were created using samples from COVID-19 Image Data Collection [10] , COVID-19 X-ray collection available on kaggle [17] , and a dataset containing radiograph scans of common bacterial 3 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f pneumonia [11] . Therefore, following [14] , we decided to enrich the COVID-19-negative class with radiograph images from dataset of common bacterial pneumonia [11] . cache = ./cache/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355447-0xuzolt3 author = Miller, D. J. title = Leveraging wearable technology to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3739 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = A total of 271 individuals (age = 37.3 {+/-} 9.5, 190 male, 81 female) who experienced symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were included 81 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 190 tested negative; these 271 individuals collectively contributed 2672 samples (days) of data (1856 healthy days, 231 while infected with COVID-19 and 585 while infected with something other than COVID-19). Using the training dataset, a model was developed to estimate the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on changes in respiratory rate during night-time sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a novel algorithm to classify changes in respiratory rate as indicative of COVID-19 infection immediately prior to and during the first days of symptoms and to evaluate the model's robustness to instances of similar clinical presentations with differing etiology. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a novel algorithm to classify changes in respiratory rate, as indicative of COVID-19 infection immediately prior to and during the first days of symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355533-5kgdg2nb author = Kline, Jonathan D title = Sentinel Case of COVID-19 at Fort Stewart, GA in a National Guard Soldier Participating in Annual Training: A Case Report date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2144 sentences = 108 flesch = 44 summary = For healthcare providers, specifically military and federal public health personnel, prompt and accurate diagnosis and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus patients provide a two-fold benefit: (1) directing appropriate treatment to the infected patient as early as possible in the progression of the disease to increase survival rates and minimize the devastating sequelae following recovery and remission of symptoms; (2) provide critical information requirements that enable commanders and public health officials to best synchronize policy, regulations, and troop movement restrictions while best allocating scarce resources in the delicate balance of risk mitigation versus mission readiness. While treatment and management of these patients are currently supportive, both before and after official results return, there exists a possibility of a delay in tightening of health protection measures in areas that have not yet identified positive cases. cache = ./cache/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355503-9baof9z8 author = Yan, Aihua title = How hospitals in mainland China responded to the outbreak of COVID-19 using IT-enabled services: an analysis of hospital news webpages date = 2020-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3806 sentences = 207 flesch = 47 summary = RESULTS: We identified five focal themes across the webpages published by the hospitals during our study period including (1) popular medical science education, (2) digitalized hospital processes, (3) knowledge management for medical professionals, (4) telemedicine, and (5) new IT initiatives for healthcare services. Our analysis revealed that Chinese hospitals spent greater effort in promoting popular medical science education in the initial stages of our study period and more on telemedicine in the latter stages. Based on the 360 events identified in the published hospital pages, five themes emerged on how IT was used to respond to COVID-19, including Theme 1 (T1): dissemination of popular medical science education, Theme 2 (T2): digitalized hospital processes, Theme 3 (T3): Second, the response strategy may contain one or more of these four categories of IT-enabled services, i.e., disseminating popular medical science education, knowledge management for healthcare workers, telemedicine, and digitalized hospital processes. cache = ./cache/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355475-kdubhh73 author = Patton, Lauren L. title = Viral Pandemics and Oral Health: Lessons Learned From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2161 sentences = 104 flesch = 45 summary = An early survey in May and June 2020 of practicing dentists in private practice and public health settings in the United States (U.S.), a short 2 months after the first COVID-19 wave and national shortages of personal protective equipment caused offices to move to emergency only dental care, showed that 99.7% of offices had implemented enhanced infection control procedures. While hope for a COVID-19 vaccine to quell transmission is widespread, we must not lose sight of the fact that diverse vaccine development technologies and novel drug discovery efforts made today will benefit our response to the next pandemic. 14 When the diversity of oral mucosal and salivary gland disorders were observed in HIV/AIDS patients, international collaborative groups such as the European Community We learned from HIV disease management that the antiretroviral drugs can have acute and long-term toxicities including ulcers, xerostomia/parotid lipomatosis, taste disturbances, perioral paresthesia, erythema multiforme and facial fat wasting. cache = ./cache/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355484-2igc5wzx author = Oteo, J. A. title = A short therapeutic regimen based on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with non-severe disease. A strategy associated with a reduction in hospital admissions and complications. date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3374 sentences = 171 flesch = 58 summary = With the aim of diminishing the impact in Hospital admissions and reducing the number of medical complications, we implemented a strategy based on a Hospital Home-Care Unit (HHCU) using an easy-to-use treatment based on an oral administration regimen outside the hospital with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plus azithromycin (AZM) for a short period of 5 days. Patients and methods: Patients [≥] 18 years old visiting the emergency room at the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logrono (La Rioja) between March, 31st and April, 12th diagnosed with COVID-19 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a specific PCR, as follows: Patients with pneumonia (CURB [≤] 1) who did not present severe comorbidities and had no processes that contraindicated this therapeutic regime. Here we present the results of this observational study (our strategy), which, although carried out in patients with mild COVID-19, seems to be safe, associated with a reduction in the burden of hospital pressure, and probably very successful in terms of the number of patients who have developed serious complications and / or death. cache = ./cache/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author = Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title = Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4750 sentences = 253 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. Specifically, we collected data regarding the impact of de COVID-19 pandemic on: 1) the amount and type of outpatient appointments, surgeries and exams with the risk of generating aerosols; 2) availability of adequate PPE in different settings and practices; 3) the preparedness of the responder's health institution in orienting their HCPs and developing strategies to manage COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients. Although the pandemic is already in its 7 th week in Brazil, since the identification of the 1 st case, 45.3% and 48.8% of physicians in the private and public sectors, respectively, reported that they had not received face-to-face or distance training in the management of confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355318-qm79gz8w author = Smit, Albertus J. title = Winter Is Coming: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective of the Environmental Drivers of SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential Seasonality of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15419 sentences = 706 flesch = 41 summary = Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Thus, if climate factors do play a role in COVID-19 infection rates, the concurrence of transition of southern hemisphere countries to their winter season with the mid-stages of the disease transmission trajectory is of concern, especially with respect to containment policy and health system resource allocation. Environmental variables considered in preprint and peer-reviewed publications as modulators of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates include mean, minimum and/or maximum daily temperature, and diurnal temperature range; an undefined 'humidity' variable, relative humidity, specific humidity and absolute humidity; dew point temperature; rainfall; wind speed or wind power; air pressure; some metric of solar or UV radiation; and 'air quality' (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 ). The general prevalence of climatologically-coupled seasonal signals and environmental variable modulation seen in the majority of other viral respiratory diseases creates the expectation for a similar effect on SARS-CoV-2 and in COVID-19 epidemiology. cache = ./cache/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355314-2gb9pzy0 author = Kalyanaraman Marcello, R. title = Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in New York City's Public Hospital System date = 2020-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4408 sentences = 256 flesch = 56 summary = Background New York City (NYC) has borne the greatest burden of COVID-19 in the United States, but information about characteristics and outcomes of racially/ethnically diverse individuals tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 remains limited. Male sex, older age, diabetes, cardiac history, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with testing positive, hospitalization, and death. We describe here the results of our analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients tested for COVID-19 and admitted to New York City's public hospital system, the largest case series in NYC and the United States reported to date. Comorbidities were defined as the presence or absence of the following chronic conditions recorded as billing diagnoses or "active" in a patient's problem list in the EHR: diabetes, hypertension (HTN), arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease, cancer, HIV, and a flag for having one or more specified chronic disease (diabetes, All rights reserved. cache = ./cache/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355528-y4a1g6km author = Balla, Mamtha title = COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7504 sentences = 398 flesch = 53 summary = The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection, which is a global pandemic declared on March 11, 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO), was reported to have infected 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and territories and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020 [1]. According to the study by Xu et al, 60% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 had traveled to Wuhan or nearby regions (60%), 36% had close contact with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients and 4% had no definite exposure [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355549-6xnjj5h5 author = Cécile, Couchoud title = Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4006 sentences = 211 flesch = 50 summary = The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. The aim of this first report from the French REIN registry is to describe the population of infected dialysis patients and their course of illness, estimate the incidence and lethality of COVID-19 disease and identify the risk factors associated with the probability of death. This can also be associated with the implementation of all the necessary preventive actions prone by the SFNDT, including 1/wearing a mask during transport and for the entire period of care, 2/systematic tracking of patients and screening at the entrance to dialysis units based on fever and symptoms or contact with an infected person and 3/restricting areas for COVID-19 cases (18),. cache = ./cache/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355537-pckjq1n2 author = Hatef, Elham title = Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on COVID-19 Prevalence Across Seven States in the United States date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2690 sentences = 145 flesch = 46 summary = Results: After controlling for age, gender, and the square mileage of each community we identified Zip-codes with higher ADI (more disadvantaged neighborhoods) in Illinois and Maryland had higher COVID-19 prevalence comparing to zip-codes across the country and in the same state with lower ADI (less disadvantaged neighborhoods) using data on May 3rd. We used data on the number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the zip-code level and percentage of the population tested for COVID-19 in the seven states on two selected dates, May 3rd, 2020 (when COVID-19 prevalence had an upward trend across the country) and May 30th, 2020 (when COVID-19 prevalence presented a downward trend in selected areas) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) . Moreover, when data were available we assessed the correlation between the percentage of the population tested for COVID-19 in a zip-code and ADI national and state ranks. cache = ./cache/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355590-io3qv72x author = Kanburoglu, Mehmet Kenan title = The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 495 sentences = 37 flesch = 56 summary = title: The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 To find the source of transmission, we investigated all the people who may have had contact with the baby, including the family members and the hospital staff, by testing with nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR and for total IgG and IgM (Hotgen Biotech Co.). The antibody response is closely related to disease severity; many asymptomatic people may have low antibody titers, which is inadequate for obtaining positivity on tests [2] . Characteristics and assessment of the usefulness of serological tests in the diagnostic of infections caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of available manufacturer's data and literature review Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: different points from adults cache = ./cache/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355578-z4rjwknv author = Stoker, Steven title = Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Trauma at a Community Level II Trauma Center date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3281 sentences = 181 flesch = 56 summary = To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the "shelter-in-place" order on orthopaedic trauma presenting to a community level II trauma center. Although it is difficult to determine what portion of the decrease in OTE is attributable to the shelter-in-place order versus the COVID-19 pandemic in general, data suggest both play a role. It is hypothesized that the overall number of orthopaedic trauma encounters (OTEs) and the number of OTEs related to both high and low severity injuries significantly decreased compared with a similar timeframe from previous years. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic and shelter-in-place order led to a decrease in traffic volume, traffic accidents, and deaths, which is related to the decrease in OTEs. A 67.2% drop (P = 0.021) in VREs occurred during March and April 2020 ( Table 1) . Overall, a 45.1% decrease in OTEs at the MOH was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and shelter-in-place order. cache = ./cache/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355589-3zdv9zim author = Simons, David title = The association of smoking status with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID‐19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta‐analyses (version 7) date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5236 sentences = 322 flesch = 46 summary = However, early data from the COVID-19 pandemic have not provided clear evidence for a negative impact of current or former smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease outcomes, such as hospitalisation or mortality 11 . We aimed to produce a rapid synthesis of available evidence pertaining to the rates of infection, hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 stratified by smoking status. Sixty studies reported disease severity in hospitalised patients stratified by smoking status (see Table 4 ). Current smokers were at reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and former smokers were at increased risk of hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality compared with never smokers. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: a Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study cache = ./cache/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355603-j811a48x author = Lee, KarlaA. title = Cancer and Risk of COVID‐19 Through a General Community Survey date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1482 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = Among patients with cancer, current treatment with chemotherapy or immunotherapy was associated with a 2.2‐fold increased risk of a positive test. Through a large community-based survey, we sought to determine whether incidence of infection, including milder disease with more limited symptoms, is higher in individuals with cancer, including those on chemotherapy/immunotherapy. We separately analyzed the risk associated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy for a positive COVID-19 test among individuals with cancer. We also thank the investigators of the cohort studies enrolled in the COPE Consortium; the MGH Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Clinical Research Coordination team; Sophie Papa, Paul Nathan, and Heather Shaw for development of cancer-related questions; the staff of Zoe Global Ltd for providing technical support for the app; and Stand Up to Cancer for their assistance in media and social media outreach. cache = ./cache/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355734-pz64534w author = Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo title = Health-care workers with COVID-19 living in Mexico City: clinical characterization and related outcomes date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3261 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = Physicians had higher risk for hospitalization and for severe outcomes compared with nurses and other HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: We report a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs in Mexico City. The situation in Mexico is complex, given that SARS-CoV-2 infections coexist with a high prevalence of comorbidities associated with COVID-19 complications in a large proportion of patients, including HCWs. Furthermore, healthcare systems within Mexico are highly fragmented and quality of care and the ability to protect HCWs within each institution is highly heterogeneous due to structural inequalities, which overall could increase the disparities in risk among HCWs within marginalized communities (7) . Our results also show that comorbidities in HCWs, particularly those related to chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity and arterial hypertension), and the presentation of severe respiratory symptoms at the time of clinical assessment, increases the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355558-r6r1t47c author = Shenoy, Akhil title = Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1433 sentences = 84 flesch = 55 summary = 2 3 The clinical manifestations of the pneumonia have ranged from mild lower respiratory tract symptoms to the more severe manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated high mortality, 4 and the new disease has been named 2019 coronavirus disease or covid-19 by the WHO. Thus, almost one-third of patients with covid-19 admitted to the ICU with severe disease in USA have diabetes as an underlying health condition. The authors demonstrate that compared with non-diabetics, patients with diabetes and severe covid-19 exhibited a severe inflammatory response and were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation and have a higher mortality (and a reduced survival duration). Indeed, the mortality rate of 81% in patients with diabetes with severe covid-19 disease (and 48% in those without diabetes) is alarming, although the authors caution that the patient population hospitalized was sicker and with an overall higher mortality (56%) as compared with other published analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355755-fd40zy7z author = Alsadhan, Ibrahim title = Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by COVID-19 infection: Case Series date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3489 sentences = 256 flesch = 57 summary = RESULTS: Five patients presenting with DKA complicating a concurrent COVID-19 infection were reported. (1) Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a comorbidity that is associated with severe disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and increased mortality in COVID-19. This case series is a descriptive study that follows a group of patients who had a diagnosis of acute hyperglycemic crisis upon presentation and positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 infection. Based on clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). On day four following admission, the patient's oxygen demand increased and he was moved to the intensive care unit (ICU), where invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated in a prone position. Few cases were reported identifying DKA in type 2 diabetes patients as a presentation of COVID-19. In conclusion, we reported five patients presenting with DKA complicating a concurrent COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355700-1yf1ae1d author = Chen, Y. title = How Efficient Can Non-Professional MasksSuppress COVID-19 Pandemic? date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3731 sentences = 214 flesch = 58 summary = Monte Carlo simulations exhibit that the effective reproduction number R of COVID-19 or similar pandemics can be approximately reduced by factor {gamma}4 with respect to the basic reproduction number R0,if the face masks with 70% <{gamma}< 90% are universally applied for the entire network. Furthermore, thought experiments and practical exploitation examples in country-level and city-level are enumerated and discussed to support our discovery in this study and indicate that the outbreak of a COVID-19 like pandemic can be even suppressed by the low efficiency non-professional face masks. In this study, abstracting physical and statistical models are our major methodologies for simulating a social network, in which the COVID-19 pandemic starts to be suppressed with the usage of different non-professional face masks. As an extension of Fig. 4 , we start the Monte Carlo simulations to study the effect of Class A+ face masks in the social network to suppress COVID-19 for longer period, when face masks obligation is applied at different stages of the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355567-60sfv60p author = Azuma, Kenichi title = Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9229 sentences = 436 flesch = 42 summary = Recently, 36 researchers insisted on the potential risk of indoor airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of sufficient and effective ventilation, particle filtration, and air sterilization as infection control measures inside buildings [43] . Therefore, the MHLW published a document titled "Prevention of the COVID-19 Clusters" Abbreviation: SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Fig. 1 Traditional Japanese office building HVAC systems: a a centralized HVAC system; and b a centralized ventilation system with an individual air-conditioning system on March 1, 2020 [94] , showing the need for adequate ventilation in buildings because a ventilation standard for infection control has not been established in general buildings in Japan and the characteristics of indoor spaces where the clusters occurred might include poor ventilation and crowding. cache = ./cache/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355772-kvenaqj3 author = Wang, Xuan title = Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2298 sentences = 143 flesch = 50 summary = 3 In the very early stage of the epidemic, the first 14 of these infected medical staff were from the Department of Neurosurgery, which was located in the epidemic center of the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we would like to summarize and share our successful experiences in the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical staff of hospital departments, especially those devoted to non-infection diseases. After the implementation of these measures in our department, there has been no further infection among patients or medical staff. In a scenario of epidemic and shortage of medical resources, the medical staff should triage outpatients and inpatients, to achieve early detection and warning of COVID-19 infection ( Figure 2 ). In addition to operating rooms and wards, the offices and living areas of the medical staff are important potential areas of infection Improve the Awareness of the Medical Staff About the Epidemic COVID-19 differs from any other known infectious disease, and information regarding adequate protection is lacking. cache = ./cache/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355650-1x66nxgx author = Kumar, S. title = Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown date = 2020-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6931 sentences = 338 flesch = 55 summary = We have investigated the effect of meteorological parameters like Temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the rate of spread of COVID-19 using daily confirm cases in India. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO 2 ) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO 2 ) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. We have studies the total number of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 and its association with the temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity over India for March and April 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355669-90rauz66 author = Strausz, S. title = Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2100 sentences = 128 flesch = 53 summary = Our findings suggest that, in assessment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, OSA needs to be recognized as one of the comorbidity risk factors for developing a severe form of the disease. We specifically aimed at evaluating if OSA associates with the risk for severe COVID-19 infection independently of other potential risk factors including age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes (including type 1 and type 2 diabetes), coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and also whether the risk for contracting COVID-19 is elevated among OSA patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study OSA patients had five times higher risk of being hospitalized and the estimate was comparable and independent of the risk in diabetes patients, where elevated risk has been reported earlier for severe COVID-19 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355593-91bho7aw author = A Mohsen, Ahmed title = Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3425 sentences = 266 flesch = 63 summary = title: Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects In this paper, we build and analyze a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission considering media coverage effects. [12] suggested a mathematical model involving the effects of intervention strategies on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. We propose a mathematical model for COVID-19 transmission dynamics with the quarantine strategy and media effects. Theorem 4.1 The COVID-19 equilibrium point P * of the model (3) is locally asymptotically if the following conditions are hold Clearly, from above figure for effect of contact rate Table 3 , We obtain that in case decrease the contact rate (social isolation) the reproduction number less than one and the dynamical behavior of model (1.1) still approaches to COVID-19 equilibrium point. Now, to investigate the effect of the quarantined strategy it is given by on the dynamical behavior of model (1.1) and to control to COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. cache = ./cache/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355540-rlvzj2e5 author = Bodei, Lisa title = Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Any Concerns? date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1569 sentences = 73 flesch = 40 summary = Here, we discuss risk factors for COVID-19 severity with regard to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), focusing on the question of whether lymphopenia increases risk of infection-related morbidity. At this time, it is not known if the moderately compromised immune response (predominantly involving B lymphocytes) associated with PRRT results in an impaired capacity to defend against subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Consequently, there is no clear theoretic indication that PRRT places patients at significantly greater risk of acquiring COVID-19 or developing more severe infection-related complications. The potential risks of PRRT in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumor during the COVID-19 pandemic need to be considered in the context of the relative risks and benefits of other available therapies. Although available data are scarce, we agree that, for now, PRRTrelated lymphopenia does not appear to constitute a strong risk factor for acquiring COVID-19 infection or for developing severe complications. Lymphocytic toxicity in patients after peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177 Lu-DOTATATE and 90 Y-DOTATOC cache = ./cache/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355713-zupocnuf author = Li, Junxiong title = Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID‐19 Outbreak date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4058 sentences = 199 flesch = 54 summary = Indeed, earlier research has shown that major pandemics, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 or the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2015, can have major impacts on supply chains (Cavinato 2004; Oke & Gopalakrishnan 2009 ) and consumer behaviour in retail with a specific focus on online food shopping even if most of this research has been carried out primarily from a hospitality (Alan et al. 2007; Hansen 2008) , the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was adopted for this study to analyse planned changes in consumers' food shopping behaviour during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, in line with research published recently on the impacts of this pandemic on food supply chains, where authors speculated with major potential changes to consumer behaviour in grocery retailing in Canada and elsewhere (Richards & Rickard 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355674-mhi85px5 author = Siddiqi, Hasan K. title = Increased prevalence of myocardial injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia. date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1731 sentences = 134 flesch = 48 summary = The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia have a significantly higher prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury during their hospitalization, compared to non-viremic patients. This first report of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay between these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. This first report of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay between these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355777-zly3ddtr author = Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil title = Disparities in COVID-19 Testing and Positivity in New York City date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2386 sentences = 132 flesch = 54 summary = INTRODUCTION: Existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access in New York City have likely impacted the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS: In New York City, COVID-19 testing has not been proportional to need; existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access have likely impacted public health response. The ZCTA-level data on median household income in the past 12 months (Table B19013) , median gross rent (B25064), percentage living <150% of the poverty line (e.g., an annual salary of ≤$26,200 for a four-person household 7 ; Table C17002 ), education (B15002), percentage working class (C24010), percentage unemployed (B23025), and more than one occupant per room (B25014) were downloaded from 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. This analysis identifies disparities in those being tested, and suggests a gap in COVID-19 response policy, as well as the need for widespread testing and public health outreach to the most vulnerable populations of NYC. cache = ./cache/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355753-muefay2n author = Garner, Justin L. title = Challenges of evaluating lung function as part of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1262 sentences = 68 flesch = 37 summary = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified agent foisted upon humanity and responsible for the contagious affliction, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] that has rapidly evolved into a pandemic testing to their limits, and sometimes beyond, the capacity to respond of healthcare systems across the world [2]. To the editor, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified agent foisted upon humanity and responsible for the contagious affliction, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)(1)that has rapidly evolved into a pandemic testing to their limits, and sometimes beyond, the capacity to respond of healthcare systems across the world (2) . A promising alternative approach to evaluating lung function is that of quantitative computed tomography (qCT) imaging (13) , and whilst currently a research tool has the potential for transforming clinical practice. cache = ./cache/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355773-k9hut687 author = Guerini, Andrea Emanuele title = Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2351 sentences = 139 flesch = 39 summary = title: Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. Management of this condition is even more challenging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients because they are more vulnerable to develop severe disease, and manifestations of the tumor and side effects of anticancer therapy could resemble Covid-19. Herein we present the first report to date of a case of Covid-19 during durvalumab, focused on the differential diagnosis between radiation-induced pneumonitis and PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in an NSCLC patient. This phenomenon could explain the higher levels of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF measured in patients developing severe respiratory symptoms [17] and the investigation of immunosuppressants such as chloroquine and tocilizumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 receptor, also used to manage steroid-refractory pneumonitis induced by PD-L1 inhibitors) for Covid-19 treatment [18, 19] . cache = ./cache/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355830-kctpftm9 author = Perisetti, Abhilash title = Putative Mechanisms of diarrhea in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 635 sentences = 42 flesch = 58 summary = The presence of viral RNA in stools samples has been noted in up to 53.4% of cases of diarrhea in COVID-19, but it is unclear if the presence of RNA correlates with diarrheal symptoms 1 . If the diarrhea is due to the direct cytopathic effects, then stool viral RNA is expected to be positive in significantly higher numbers in COVID-19 as compared to non-cytopathic causes. However, fecal calprotectin is elevated in COVID-19 patients with persistent diarrhea, which is consistent with increased gut inflammation. The COVID-19 patients are known to have altered gut flora 4 , which could be due to the use of antimicrobials, concomitant infections, and the severe illness itself. The composition of gut flora could also be altered by an increase in proinflammatory mediators because of viral-induced inflammation. It is unclear if the factors mentioned above play a role alone or in combination in causing diarrhea in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355847-1ru15s5a author = Convertino, Irma title = Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2936 sentences = 177 flesch = 45 summary = Several drugs, endowed with modulating activity on cytokine pathways, including anti-IL-6, anti-TNF, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, currently approved for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, have been suggested or could be yet taken into account for experimental use in COVID-19 patients with ARDS and/or pneumonia ( Fig. 1 ). In addition, a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial is studying the benefit risk profile of siltuximab, as a single therapeutic option or in combination with anakinra, at a single dose of 11 mg/kg, in comparison with tocilizumab or anakinra, alone or in combination, in ARDS patients with COVID-19 [20] . Based on the results expected with tocilizumab and siltuximab, other anti-IL-6 drugs, currently approved for rheumatoid arthritis, namely sarilumab and sirukumab, could be studied in ARDS and pneumonia patients with COVID-19. Anti-JAK drugs (such as ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, oclacitinib, fedratinib, upadacitinib, and peficitinib) [39] should be considered also among the options for clinical investigations in COVID-19-related ARDS and pneumonia patients. cache = ./cache/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355776-f8u66hbt author = Ni, Zhao title = Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4354 sentences = 228 flesch = 50 summary = Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). Not only did they markedly increase their selfand community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. Unlike the other survey that found younger age (<35 years) and time spent (>3 hours daily) focusing on COVID-19, our assessment of urban dwellers found that GAD was correlated with being a healthcare worker, living in region more profoundly impacted by COVID-19, having poorer self-perceived health status, having a college education and having moderate to severe depression. cache = ./cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355892-9kkqmm6h author = Miller, Larry E. title = Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3489 sentences = 203 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with Covid-19 in China and to identify factors that may potentially influence this rate. We performed systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for observational studies that reported the mortality rate of hospitalized patients in China with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19. For each study, we recorded metadata, patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities, presenting symptoms), study characteristics (sample size, number and location of participating hospitals, study design, Covid-19 diagnosis method, range of diagnosis dates), treatment data, risk of bias elements, and mortality rates. In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. cache = ./cache/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author = Semaan, Aline title = Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6755 sentences = 403 flesch = 47 summary = ► In addition to lack of healthcare worker protection, staffing shortages, heightened risk of nosocomial transmission and decreased healthcare use described in previous infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and newborn care during the COVID19 pandemic has also been affected by large-scale lockdowns/curfews. This online survey is part of a larger study seeking to: (1) understand how health professionals and health facilities prepare and respond to COVID-19 in regard to the care provided to women and their babies; and (2) document and analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services available to pregnant, labouring and ► Healthcare providers are worried about the impact of rapidly changing care practices on health outcomes: reduced access to antenatal care, fewer outpatient visits, shorter length of stay in facilities after birth, banning birth companions, separating newborns from COVID-19 positive mothers and postponing routine immunisations. cache = ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355824-7p7lov2e author = Ladds, E. title = Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 long Covid patients and draft quality criteria for services date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6656 sentences = 404 flesch = 57 summary = Analysis revealed a confusing illness with many, varied and often relapsing-remitting symptoms and uncertain prognosis; a heavy sense of loss and stigma; difficulty accessing and navigating services; difficulty being taken seriously and achieving a diagnosis; disjointed and siloed care (including inability to access specialist services); variation in standards (e.g. inconsistent criteria for seeing, investigating and referring patients); variable quality of the therapeutic relationship (some participants felt well supported while others described feeling fobbed off); and possible critical events (e.g. deterioration after being unable to access services). Whilst academic publications have estimated that 10-20% of people are still unwell after 3 weeks and 1-3% are still significantly unwell after 12 weeks, 3 8 self-surveys of patients recruited from long Covid peer support groups suggest a much high incidence of persistent symptoms even taking account of sampling bias (for example, several thousand people from the UK in such groups report symptoms six months after their acute illness, which suggests that the figure of 1% cannot be correct). cache = ./cache/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356030-bbj4r81i author = Haehner, Antje title = Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2041 sentences = 105 flesch = 53 summary = The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom "sudden smell loss" for screening procedures. METHODS: In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. cache = ./cache/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355854-hksq8gy4 author = Pagliaro, Pasquale title = ACE/ACE2 Ratio: A Key Also in 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)? date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3027 sentences = 171 flesch = 46 summary = Therefore, we wonder whether the invasion by SARS-CoV-2 and the downregulation of ACE2 are jointly responsible for a high incidence of dramatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiovascular complications, and high lethality of Covid-19. Moreover, estrogen shifts the system toward the ACE2/Ang 1-7 formation and ACE2 activity is higher in female than that in the male serum (18) ; however, the worst and most lethal Covid-19 infections occur predominantly in males [the Italian ISS (https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/ sars-cov-2-decessi-italia, accessed on April 26th 2020) reports that among 23,188 SARS-CoV-2 patients dying in Italy, women are 8,500 (36.7%)]. It has also been suggested that the increased concentration of ACE2 receptors in in the lungs of children may have a protective effect on severe clinical manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 invasion (36) . ACE/ACE2 ratio is increased in many pathologies (especially dis-metabolisms and cardiovascular diseases) and conditions (obesity and aging) that exacerbate Covid-19 symptomatology and worsen outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355961-qupxo232 author = Ndiaye, M. title = La maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : la place de la santé au travail date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1175 sentences = 118 flesch = 62 summary = D'une épidémie en Chine à une pandémie, la maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 est arrivée en Afrique subsaharienne où les pays dans leur majorité sont en transition épidémiologique avec la persistance des maladies transmissibles et la croissance exponentielle des maladies non transmissibles. Devant cette crise sanitaire majeure avec l'adoption urgente de mesures de prise en charge, de prévention et la psychose grandissante au sein des travailleurs, employeurs, familles et communautés, quelle est la place de la santé au travail ? Les mesures de prévention technique collective vont fournir aux travailleurs les informations nécessaires sur la maladie (les signes, les modes de transmission), les mesures de protection et de prévention préconisées (la propreté, les affiches, les procédures) mais aussi assurer la désinfection régulière des lieux de travail, la formation et l'éducation ouvrière sur le sujet. cache = ./cache/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355850-jgcjscjq author = Elhadi, Muhammed title = Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3417 sentences = 195 flesch = 49 summary = title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. The questionnaire evaluates information sources, training experience with COVID-19, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, use of PPE, safety precautions, isolation procedures, measures to prevent infection, and reporting procedures. In conclusion, our study has illuminated the current level of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among doctors and nurses, with special consideration for those working in departments responsible for caring for COVID-19 patients. The respondents had a lower level of preparedness, which highlights the importance of education and training programs for healthcare workers, to control and prevent infection from COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author = Paez, Antonio title = A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8984 sentences = 487 flesch = 54 summary = Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. We adopt a population health approach, and report results from a spatio-temporal model of the incidence of COVID-19 in the coterminous provinces in Spain, one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID-19. The coefficients of the spatially lagged variable are estimated for each time period ρ t and identify the intensity and the sign of the contagion effect. Fig. 3 includes three maps that display the spatial variation of our control variables, namely GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in province, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. cache = ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355943-bezpprrk author = Li, Y. title = Urine Proteome of COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4439 sentences = 278 flesch = 50 summary = In this study, we performed proteomic profiling of urine samples from 32 healthy control individuals and 6 COVID-19 positive patients (3 mild and 3 severe). We found that urine proteome samples from the mild and severe COVID-19 patients with comorbidities can be clearly differentiated from healthy proteome samples based on the clustering analysis. We identified and quantified 1380 and 1641 proteins in urine samples from COVID-19 and two recovery person in total, which was significantly lower than that of healthy controls ( Figure 2B and 2C , Tables S2 and S3 ). The molecular features used to distinguish the patient type (M and S) in our classifier ( Figure 5B and 5D, Tables S4-5) contain several potential biomarkers which were highly associated with the clinical characteristics of mild and severe COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088666 doi: medRxiv preprint dysregulated proteins in the COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355986-ntovppf8 author = Chapman, Michael title = Systems of Care in Crisis: The Changing Nature of Palliative Care During COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2762 sentences = 133 flesch = 44 summary = Care systems, the dynamic interconnections and processes involving care providers and care recipients, result in the practices that we recognize as "care." These systems emerge from the needs of human bodies, the recognition and response to these needs by people and communities, the communication that supports these connections, and the meaning attributed to this care. Also relevant to palliative care systems has been the pandemic's profound influence on social, psychological, and community systems (particularly through uncertainty, isolation, and fear) which require responses and support. Providing palliative care now places clinicians and their families at risk from the illness itself and from fear-based responses and hostility of the community to healthcare workers. The commonality of responses of palliative care systems subject to the influences the COVID-19 pandemic noted with this work does not mean to imply a uniformity of experience. cache = ./cache/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355897-9wqrl744 author = Landi, Antonio title = The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 748 sentences = 41 flesch = 36 summary = The mortality rate of patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is nowadays up to 30%, requiring a careful assessment of thrombotic and bleeding risk in order to set a real fit-tailored treatment. Recently, several observational studies investigated the prevalence of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU (Table 1) . Klok and colleagues analyzed 184 critically ill ICU patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, a selected population at high risk of thrombotic complications [1] . A multicenter French study of 150 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU found a prevalence of thrombosis of 43%, despite prophylactic or therapeutic heparin treatment [3] . Baseline characteristics, heparin treatment and thrombotic complications of studies investigating the prevalence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 are summarized in Table 1 [2] [3] [4] . Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356033-zzernh1d author = Ruan, Wenly title = Changes in Pediatric Endoscopic Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an International Survey date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1305 sentences = 81 flesch = 41 summary = 4 This is the first study to explore the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric endoscopic practice worldwide and to compare differences across regions and between areas with differing COVID-19 case burdens. The pre-tested survey anonymously recorded information regarding institutional demographics, current pediatric endoscopic practice patterns, and changes in endoscopic practice, including COVID-19 screening processes and PPE utilization. Fewer North American institutions admitted patients for emergent/urgent cases compared to Europe (p=0.00001) or other countries (p=0.0171). Compared to North America, countries in other continents were less likely to classify procedural urgency using guidelines (p=0.0065), and to postpone emergent/urgent cases (p=0.0129) and advanced endoscopic procedures (p=0.0059). Our study demonstrates significant pediatric endoscopic practice variation across institutions worldwide and highlights relevant differences in practice across geographic regions and differential COVID-19 case burdens. This study provides real-world data highlighting the drastic impact COVID-19 has had on pediatric endoscopic practice worldwide. cache = ./cache/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355903-1yzebh7d author = Singh, Kumar Tathagat title = Preparedness among dental professionals towards COVID-19 in India date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2715 sentences = 152 flesch = 53 summary = Therefore, the present study was carried out for evaluating knowledge, attitude and practices along with perceived barriers by the dentist regarding various strategies for dental care provision given by competent authorities during pandemic, in a developing country like India. Analysis showed that total (summation of knowledge, attitude and practices) median score of the dentists regarding preparedness of working during pandemic was moderate. Table 2 shows differences in median total scores and interquartile range (IQR) among various demographic variables of respondents of KAP on dental practice during pandemic.  As soon as the lockdown measures do alleviate up finally, dentists must practice with all precautions and protocols;  The present study was conducted to assess the awareness, attitude, perceived barriers and practices by the dentist regarding various strategies for dental care provision given by competent authorities during pandemic, in a developing country like India; cache = ./cache/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356009-emn2w8if author = Roshandel, M. R. title = What Specimen Urologists Should Be Most Concerned About ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4687 sentences = 292 flesch = 49 summary = Conclusions: Our review concludes that not only the SARS-CoV-2 can be excreted in the urine in eight ?percent of patients but also its incidence may have associations with the severity of the ?systemic disease, ICU admission, and fatality rates. The searches included medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords for SARS-CoV-2, COVID, Corona, together with shedding, persistence, urine, urinary, specimen, viral load, or RNA body fluids. We completed the data abstraction process using created forms to record study characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory data including study year and design, country of study origin, total initial population size, test type for disease diagnosis, test type for samples (urine/stool/rectal swab/blood), patients age (including mean and range), number of positive and total patients and/or (wherever applicable) number of positive and total specimens collected for each test category, disease severity, ICU admission, and fatality rate. cache = ./cache/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356010-wwzv4tl7 author = Jolley, Daniel title = Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3874 sentences = 216 flesch = 42 summary = Findings revealed that belief in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories was positively correlated with state anger, which in turn, was associated with a greater justification of real‐life and hypothetical violence in response to an alleged link between 5G mobile technology and COVID‐19, alongside a greater intent to engage in similar behaviours in the future. Specifically, in a British sample, we hypothesize that 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs will be positively associated with the justification and willingness of real-life violence, hypothetical violence, and the intention to be violent in response to the alleged link between 5G and COVID-19 (H1), which will be mediated by higher levels of state anger (H2). Our findings provide empirical support for such an assertion: belief in 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theories were positively associated with such violent responses, mediated by state anger, especially for individuals highest in paranoia. cache = ./cache/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355898-hlkwwaqe author = Grippo, Antonello title = Electroencephalography during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Society of Neurophysiology (SINC), the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE), and the Italian Association of Neurophysiology Technologists (AITN) date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3948 sentences = 199 flesch = 37 summary = METHODS: Presidents of SINC, LICE, and AITN endorsed three members per each society to formulate recommendations: classification of the degree of urgency of EEG clinical indications, management and behavior of physicians and neurophysiology technologists, hygiene and personal protection standards, and use of technical equipment. the neurological specialist assesses the clinical need and establishes the appropriate timing of all EEG studies in COVID+/COVID-uncertain patients, in collaboration with the team of clinicians involved in direct care; if the NPT staff is limited, the neurological specialist assesses the appropriateness of all EEG requests, regardless of COVID-19 status; the possibility of performing a prolonged EEG recording rather than repeated standard EEG examinations (20-30 min) is examined beforehand, depending on the request, in order to reduce overall NPT efforts and the contact time of COVID+/COVID-uncertain patients; the usefulness/necessity of standard activation procedures, particularly hyperventilation, is carefully assessed in the individual case. cache = ./cache/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355905-av03suua author = Romero Starke, Karla title = The Age-Related Risk of Severe Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6825 sentences = 395 flesch = 59 summary = Because not all important age-related risk factors were included in the analysis, and because they adjusted for biomarkers which were reflective of disease severity/COVID-19 infection, the study was rated as having a high risk of bias. Due to the lack of age-related risk factors included in the analysis and the adjustment for fever, which is reflective of COVID-19 infection/disease severity, this study was determined to have a high risk of bias. This study received a high risk of bias rating because only patients older than 60 years of age were considered, because of missing risk factors, and because biomarkers were used that might indicate a COVID-19 infection/disease severity. All the studies included in the meta-analysis for mortality were rated as having a high risk of bias because not all age-dependent risk factors were considered and because the variables used in the analysis may have already indicated COVID-19 disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-355905-av03suua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355905-av03suua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355910-nn4jxwym author = Kearon, Joanne title = The Role of Primary Care in a Pandemic: Reflections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2196 sentences = 139 flesch = 50 summary = From planning to surveillance to vaccination, primary care physicians are positioned to play a unique and vital role in a pandemic. 5 Therefore, family physicians have a duty to remain up-to-date with the best evidence as the pandemic progresses, and public health organizations must maintain open lines of communication with primary care. Nevertheless, when a patient is diagnosed, there is an opening for their family physician to contact them and reinforce public health measures. Primary care physicians are a key component of surveillance systems, with the responsibility to report to public health when they identify communicable diseases of significance. 5, 10 This function will become increasingly important in post-peak surveillance, when primary care physicians will be the ones to whom patients are most likely to first present, and may therefore be the first to identify resurgence of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 author = Mousa, Albeir Y. title = My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 285 sentences = 29 flesch = 59 summary = key: cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 title: My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings cord_uid: p0b5hkk0 Presentation includes cough, fever, sputum production, fatigue and shortness of breath. Pediatric patients are more likely to present with pyrexia, dry 9 cough and wheezing. 1, 2 Being a highly sensitive biomarker for thromboembolic conditions, D 10 dimer has been associated with higher mortality in ICU patients. Initiation of full anticoagulation 11 early on may be beneficial to mitigate the incidence of pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients. The Global Impact of COVID-19 on A military perspective on the vascular surgeon's response to 5 the COVID-19 pandemic Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Triage 11 Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the 12 COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement Priorities for the US Health Community Responding 15 to COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356056-82bvcuvd author = Shaikh, Aasef G. title = Cerebellar Scholars’ Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1343 sentences = 78 flesch = 52 summary = Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy. The source of the current global challenge is the malignantly pathogenic coronavirus that emerged from Wuhan, China, leading to highly contagious and novel condition called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fast tracked literature revealed that in its acute phase, compared with the impact on the respiratory system, the human brain appears relatively spared, generally causing confusion (9%), dizziness (17%), impaired consciousness (8%), propensity to develop acute strokes (3%), anosmia (6%), hypogeusia (6%), acute cerebrovascular diseases (3%), ataxia (1%), epilepsy (1%), and neuralgia [3] . There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely. cache = ./cache/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356055-f2x297r8 author = Jacobson, Nathan A. title = COVID Care Clinic: A Unique Way for Family Medicine to Care for the Community During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1892 sentences = 99 flesch = 54 summary = A prerequisite for all patients to be seen in the COVID Care Clinic was a virtual visit staffed with Advanced Practice Providers that would further determine if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care or be seen in the COVID Clinic. When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic in March 2020 1 with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), primary care had to develop innovative ways to care for our patients with COVID concerns and respiratory illness. Here we describe the development of such a clinic in an effort to contain the illness, prevent spread in the community, and provide needed care for this patient population. During the Respiratory virtual visit, it was determined if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care, be seen in the COVID Care Clinic, and if COVID testing was appropriate if not already triaged. cache = ./cache/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author = Cotrin, Paula title = Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5188 sentences = 274 flesch = 52 summary = This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. This way, this study aimed to compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare workers: physicians, nurses, and dentists, regarding workload, income, PPE, training, behavior, feelings, and level of anxiety. Inclusion criteria were: healthcare workers (physicians, nurses or dentists), above 22 years of age, working in the front line of the pandemic in private and public hospitals, healthcare units and private clinics, but not necessarily with direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients. cache = ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356085-rnia7mbq author = Gai, Ruoyan title = Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1710 sentences = 87 flesch = 43 summary = The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences. In this regard, the basic policies for COVID-19 control emphasized the hospitalized care for the severe / critical case based on previous experiences [3] , and recommended people with mild flu-like symptoms to stay at home first and seek medical care after consulting the call center or a family doctor [4] . After the declaration of state of emergency, Tokyo metropolitan government decides to move patients with mild or no symptom (except the elderly, those with pre-existing health conditions and pregnant women) from hospitals to the assigned facilities to increase bed capacities with serious cases for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356057-87kxlqdc author = Chagas, Aline Lopes title = Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic - São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4360 sentences = 194 flesch = 45 summary = Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 as they present with two major diseases: cancer and concomitant chronic liver disease. However, during the pandemic, the risks and benefits of HCC treatment should be individualized and factors like tumor stage, liver function, age, comorbidities, local availability of resources, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered (5, (14) (15) (16) . When a ''bridge treatment'' is chosen, alpha-fetoprotein monitoring and imaging examinations should be performed so that patients are not dropped off the liver transplantation (LT) list and their chances of availing other curative therapies are retained, such as surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The risks and benefits of performing TACE with SBRT and systemic treatment in patients at a high risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as those aged 475 years and/ or having comorbidities, and patients with multifocal tumors (43 nodules), especially those who fall outside the Up-to-7 criteria (25), should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team. cache = ./cache/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356079-w6cqbya0 author = Simon, John A. title = Editor's perspective: COVID‐19's impact on the remediation industry date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1515 sentences = 92 flesch = 47 summary = On March 26, 2020, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued guidance regarding compliance with various federal environmental laws, regulations, and permit requirements due to the effects of possible disruptions of goods and services (e.g., delays in laboratory services) and human resource limitations (e.g., guidance to reduce travel) due to COVID-19. The USEPA issued additional guidance, Interim Guidance on Site Field Work Decisions Due to Impacts of COVID-19, dated April 10, 2020 (Wright & Bodine, 2020) . • Parties who believe that COVID-19 restrictions may delay their performance of obligations should consult the applicable enforcement instrument, including provisions allowing for adjustments to schedules to be made at the discretion of USEPA's project manager and/or force majeure provisions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental consultants and contractors and state regulatory agencies have developed plans and guidance to follow when implementing field work. Memorandum: Interim guidance on site field work decisions due to impacts of COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356146-0vqg3r2e author = Parsi, Kurosh title = Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2093 sentences = 116 flesch = 39 summary = title: Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale aims to standardise the triage of patients with venous and lymphatic disease or vascular anomalies by providing an international consensus-based classification of clinical categories and triage urgency. cache = ./cache/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356127-xy5tyd7t author = Omidi, Negar title = Prosthetic heart valves and the COVID‐19 pandemic era: What should we be concerned about? date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1546 sentences = 97 flesch = 48 summary = We aimed to evaluate coagulation features in hospitalized patients under warfarin treatment for prosthetic heart valves during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia pandemic. Although interim guidance for the management of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 has been published, 6 the resultant clotting profile in patients with prosthetic heart valve are largely unknown. KALETRA was prescribed for eight patients, and the other two T A B L E 1 Summary of the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of the study patients with a prosthetic heart valve and novel Wuhan coronavirus pneumonia Table 2 Our observation revealed that 20% of the study patients had a liver injury, presented as increased alanine aminotransaminase, which is consistent with the results of the previous studies, 2 who reported 14-53% rate of liver injury among their patients during the hospital stay. cache = ./cache/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356061-w7q1i0mj author = Bani Hani, Diab A. title = Successful Anesthetic Management in Cesarean Section for Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1921 sentences = 125 flesch = 55 summary = Patient: Female, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Pregnancy Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • spinal anesthesia Specialty: Anesthesiology OBJECTIVE: Unusual setting of medical care BACKGROUND: The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the mindful use of financial and human resources. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old pregnant woman, G2P1 at 37+4 weeks of gestation, was referred to our center on March 28, 2020, after she had tested positive for COVID-19. However, pregnant women who developed COVID-19-associated pneumonia have an increased risk for obstetric complications (e.g., preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, cesarean section [CS] ) [1, 4, 5] . For the anesthetic procedure, the anesthesia team wore their operating room scrubs, then they headed toward the isolation unit. Pregnant women with positive or suspected COVID-19 status should be cared for in negative pressure rooms before, during, and after delivery [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356122-lzc1ux5z author = Fedson, David DS. title = Statin treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1072 sentences = 60 flesch = 43 summary = In a recent meta-analysis of four observational studies, Kow and Hasan reported that statins were 30% effective in reducing the severity or mortality of COVID-19 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Nonetheless, several reports have shown that in hypertensive COVID-19 patients, outpatient or inpatient treatment with ACEIs or ARBs is not harmful [12] [13] [14] and, in some instances, these drugs actually improve survival [14] . Nonetheless, the studies summarized in Table 1 , together with future observational reports on the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of COVID-19 patients with statins (and perhaps ACEIs/ARBs), will undoubtedly contribute to their treatment decisions. Effects of ARBs and ACEIs on virus infection, inflammatory status and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hypertension: a single center retrospective study Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356132-1nisyl5r author = Wang, Huiyao title = The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3022 sentences = 148 flesch = 43 summary = The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan, more serious changes over living situations, more difficult of emotional control, higher frequency of epidemic-related dreams, and negative coping style in the general population showed higher level of psychological distress. cache = ./cache/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356164-y778k3hs author = Komiyama, Maki title = Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 985 sentences = 80 flesch = 54 summary = Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. In a report on 1,099 infected individuals from China, 12.4% of current smokers and 23.8% of past smokers developed critical outcomes, including being admitted into an intensive care unit or fitted with a ventilator, or mortality. A small study from China using multivariate analysis identified the following four factors as being associated with COVID-19 deterioration: smoking history, body temperature of >37.3°C at the time of admission, respiratory failure and age ≥60 years. 21 Although only a few reports on smoking have been published to date and further accrual of evidence is warranted, smoking is likely to be an important and significant factor associated with COVID-19 severity. Cigarette smoking decreases lung function, and evidently poses a general risk factor for severe respiratory infections, thus there is an apparent association between cigarette smoking and COVID-19 severity. cache = ./cache/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356145-1jgc62jt author = García‐Gil, Miguel Fernando title = Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 369 sentences = 35 flesch = 53 summary = key: cord-356145-1jgc62jt title: Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic cord_uid: 1jgc62jt Different cutaneous manifestations have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include acral erythematous-purpuric lesions reminiscent of perniosis, which are present in 19% of cases with suspected COVID-19 skin lesions. 2 The presence of other cutaneous manifestations, such as purpuric-petechial eruptions, has been described being distributed in acral areas. 3 In contrast, alterations in coagulation are frequent in patients with COVID-19. Three weeks ago, he presented with a catarrhal disorder, which was associated with a papulovesicular rash similar to varicella (Fig. 1b) . Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19: a case series of 318 patients from 8 countries Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients cache = ./cache/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356150-ivso91ln author = Torretta, Sara title = Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3497 sentences = 195 flesch = 48 summary = 2 Despite suboptimal detection rates, 3 collection of secretions from the upper airway by means of NPS/OPS still represents the first-line diagnostic modality to test patients and otherwise asymptomatic population for COVID-19, provided that it is early and adequately performed after onset of symptoms. 2 As a fact, reduced detection rates reflect analytical sensitivity of RT-PCR test and the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19, given that a false negative RT-PCR result could be possibly obtained both in the initial phase of the disease (ie, a few days before symptom onset) and at the ''tail end'' of SARS-CoV-2 infection (ie, from 20 days after symptom onset) due to a low viral load and a viral shedding below analytical RT-PCR sensitivity threshold. 3 On the basis of the reported detection rates, 4 the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (US-CDC) has recommended the collection of sole upper respiratory NPS, 2 but the US Food and Drug Administration pointed out that a negative RT-PCR test result does not completely rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection and it shall not be used as a single element for patient management decisions. cache = ./cache/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356173-8vrw4mag author = Liebig, J. title = Should international borders re-open? The impact of travel restrictions on COVID-19 importation risk date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3981 sentences = 225 flesch = 49 summary = There are two major factors that influence the expected number of COVID-19 importations: incoming traveller volumes, and incidence rates of the disease in source countries. Figure 2 shows the estimated number of COVID-19 cases imported by citizens/residents and visitors from the ten largest sources before and after the respective travel restrictions were implemented. To decide whether it is safe to open international borders, governments need to understand the relationship between the number of arrivals, incidence rates in countries that act as importation sources and the expected number of COVID-19 importations. We use the monthly number of observed COVID-19 infections amongst travellers arriving into Australia from a given country to estimate the country's true incidence rate. The importation model requires as input the date of arrival into the country under investigation (in our case Australia), the duration of the overseas stay, daily incidence rates of COVID-19 in the country of origin and the lengths of the latent and infectious periods. cache = ./cache/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356174-40k6m7l0 author = Ducloyer, Mathilde title = Complete post-mortem data in a fatal case of COVID-19: clinical, radiological and pathological correlations date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2874 sentences = 176 flesch = 46 summary = A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) using a nasopharyngeal swab sample. Post-mortem virology studies detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage) in the nasopharynx, plasma, lung biopsies, pleural effusion and faeces confirming the persistence of viral ribonucleic acid 48 h after death. This case is one of the first to describe complete post-mortem data for a COVID-19 death and highlights the ability of PMCT to detect severe involvement of the lungs before autopsy in an apparently natural death. The present pathology results are concordant with previously reported findings and reinforce the disease pathogenesis hypothesis of combined viral replication with an inappropriate immune response. Concerning the post-mortem virology data, this case demonstrated that RNA from SARS-CoV-2 was still detectable in blood, faeces, the lungs and the upper airways more than 48 h after death. cache = ./cache/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356131-3at94sle author = MacIntyre, Peter D. title = Language teachers' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6618 sentences = 339 flesch = 54 summary = title: Language teachers' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions Response to the Covid-19 pandemic have created a long list of new stressors for teachers to deal with, including problems caused by the emergency conversion to online language teaching. Some of the 'normal' (i.e., pre-pandemic) stressors that teachers in general (not just language teachers) suffer from include pressure inflicted by heavy workloads, time constraints, unbalanced work-life integration, limited autonomy, excessive administrative obligations, strained relationships with colleagues and school leaders, role conflict/ambiguity, managing innovation and change, emotional labor, dread over losing control of the class, fear of evaluation, and low professional self-esteem, among others (Mercer & Gregersen, 2020) . Quartile Groups J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f addition to stress reported above, teachers who are using the avoidant coping strategies more often are experiencing increased negative emotions, but that these emotions are not correlated significantly with use of approach coping strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356284-n0dhv89q author = Bachtiger, Patrik title = Machine learning for COVID-19—asking the right questions date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1455 sentences = 86 flesch = 45 summary = Among the principal diagnostic imaging modalities, both chest x-ray and CT have quickly produced a large amount of data on COVID-19, enabling the development of machine learning algo rithms, a form of artificial intelligence (AI). Similar, problem-focused applications of machine learning are now being implemented in the National Health Service, UK, including Microsoft's InnerEye technology for radiotherapy planning to save time and Heart Flow's machine-learning tool for 3D coronary modelling from cardiac CT, which provides decision support to clinicians assessing a patient's need for coronary angiography. 4 However, for COVID-19, research questions risk focusing too much on generating novel machine learning models without fully considering its practical application and potential biases. Ideally, algorithms need to be trained on the full spectrum of disease, including asymptomatic and early-stage cases, if CT interpretation by machine learning can be applied to real-world data with confidence. 7 For COVID-19, training an algorithm to predict outcomes such as mortality, intensive care unit admission, or need for mechanical ventilation could have considerable clinical effect. cache = ./cache/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356215-0nypfw48 author = Hu, Xiaojing title = Management practices of emergency departments in general hospitals based on blockage of chain of infection during a COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4381 sentences = 191 flesch = 43 summary = At the beginning of the epidemic, with the strategy to intercept the chain of infection, Peking University First Hospital (PKUFH) focused on three important aspects: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations, to expeditiously draft scientific and proper management measures for the emergency department, followed by real-time dynamic adjustments based on the development trend of the epidemic. Our study also proved that for the emergency department, the strategy of blocking the chain of infection (including controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route, and protecting susceptible populations) could effectively prevent and control COVID-19, and maintain normal operation of the emergency department as well as the safety of patients and medical staff during the epidemic to a maximum extent. cache = ./cache/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356298-a4p4aca8 author = Luria, Mijal title = "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1788 sentences = 114 flesch = 49 summary = title: "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" In the absence of clinical data, governments, medical systems, health care professionals and individuals, are forced to make decisions regarding the management of one of the biggest crises of the current century, based on untested hypotheses and insights learned from others. Delay in sexual medicine care has short and long-term consequences for the patients, especially in times of strain. This could be an opportunity for health care providers from all fields to talk among themselves about relationships and sexuality and to encourage them, in turn, to be more open to talking with their patients about these issues. During the first days of the confinement, the Israeli Association of Public Health Physicians, contacted the Israel Association for Sexual Medicine, urging us to publish guidelines for sexual behavior in Covid-19 times. COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field cache = ./cache/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356314-mhkhey2w author = Alyami, Mohammad H. title = Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Ecological Study date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3877 sentences = 188 flesch = 56 summary = The Saudi Ministry of Health provided detailed data on the incidence of COVID-19 in the Kingdom daily, with the following details: (a) the number of newly confirmed cases, (b) number of active cases, (c) number of critical cases, (d) percentage of cases stratified by age group [adults, children, and elderly] (available from 2 May until 25 May), and (e) percentage of cases stratified by gender (available from 2 May until 25 May). The key findings were: (1) the epidemiological status in KSA reached a steady level after 2 months from the beginning of the pandemic, due to the implementation of successful healthcare and treatment protocols, (2) the international travel restrictions and household quarantine were effective ways to control the epidemic of COVID-19 the KSA, (3) the rates of critical cases and mortality in KSA are at a low level, due to the younger population in Saudi Arabia compared to European and Asian countries, and the effective control measures taken by the government, and (4) in the KSA, COVID-19 was more common among adults and males compared to other demographic groups. cache = ./cache/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356217-igm2t7md author = Noda, Sakura title = Severe COVID-19 initially presenting as mesenteric adenopathy date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1597 sentences = 87 flesch = 40 summary = We report a case of COVID-19 in a healthy teenager who initially presented with isolated mesenteric adenopathy, typically a self-limited illness, which progressed to severe illness requiring intensive care before complete recovery. A generally healthy, immunized, non-obese White 17-yearold boy presented to an outside emergency department (ED) with 3 days of initially moderate progressing to severe abdominal pain focused in the right lower quadrant, fever as high as 103°F, and vomiting without diarrhea. Although we did not obtain tissue sampling to prove that the mesenteric adenopathy was secondary to COVID-19, the boy eventually developed chest CT findings and severe hyperinflammatory response consistent with COVID-19, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR from sputum, and recovered with primarily supportive care. This case report describes a severe case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy teenage patient who initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and isolated acute mesenteric adenopathy on imaging. cache = ./cache/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356235-py38bel4 author = Jia, Xingwang title = Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection date = 2020-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1433 sentences = 107 flesch = 63 summary = The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. Total 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 doi: medRxiv preprint patients with COVID-19 nucleic acid negative results, the IgM fluorescence intensity (Flu) of 20 patients was more than 0.88, the positive rate was 60.61%. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 doi: medRxiv preprint detection for 24 patients with COVID-19 negative nucleic acid test was 87.50%. In our study, the positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid in the 57 All rights reserved. As shown in Figure 7B , the nucleic acid detection result of Patient ID 19 was positive, but the IgM and IgG were negative results, according to the CT results, All rights reserved. B: Patient ID 19, the nucleic acid detection result was positive, but the IgM and IgG results were negative, no obvious lesion was found in both lungs. cache = ./cache/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356195-5pcaxpp9 author = Jothimani, Dinesh title = COVID-19 and Liver. date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3969 sentences = 267 flesch = 47 summary = Similar to SARS Co-V, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 (ACE2) appears to be the susceptible receptor for COVID-19 and is expressed in more than 80% of alveolar cells in the lungs. Interestingly, the level of ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes was similar to type 2 alveolar cells of the lungs, indicating that the liver could be a potential target for SARS-CoV-2. Summary of recently published studies are in described in Table 2 With the knowledge of current evidence, it is clear that elevated liver enzymes are observed predominantly severe and critical cases of COVID-19 compared to mild infection. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection cache = ./cache/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356271-k4ux9yey author = Sai Thejeshwar, S. title = Precise Prediction of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images Using KE Sieve Algorithm date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2699 sentences = 184 flesch = 66 summary = The advancements in the area of machine learning and pattern recognition has resulted in intelligent systems that analyze CT Scans or X-ray images and classify between pneumonia and normal patients. This paper proposes KE Sieve Neural Network architecture, which helps in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. So, in this study, we propose an AI-based pattern recognition system using the KE Sieve Neural Network model [1] [2] for the detection of coronavirus infected patients, pneumonia and healthy patients using chest X-ray radiographs. [25] , proposed a classification model that classifies COVID-19 from viral pneumonia and healthy cases using pulmonary CT images using deep learning techniques. Though the number of COVID-19 images available is too small, it had no effect on the model as a whole as transfer learning-based feature extraction is implemented and SNN [1] mathematically could separate each data point. A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for CoronaVirus Disease (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356363-gea5229c author = Kurdi, Amanj title = A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: What is the evidence so far? date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 126 flesch = 40 summary = Consequently, we sought to undertake an updated and comprehensive evaluation of effect of ACEIs/ARBs use on all reported COVID-19-related outcomes, including exploration of any class differences, through a systematic review of the literature coupled with a meta-analysis. Key protein targets and ligands in this article are hyperlinked to corresponding entries in http://www.guide topha rmaco logy.org, F I G U R E 1 0 Forest plot depicting pooled estimates for the association between use of ventilator/Intensive Care Unit admission and the three levels of renin-angiotensin system drug exposure (ACEIs/ARBs, ACEIs, ARBs) Odds ratio the common portal for data from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, 59 and are permanently archived in the Concise Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. cache = ./cache/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-027759-5mz0qlwq cord-029332-yn603pvb cord-029545-fspjpmsr cord-029967-dnyhn4bt cord-030998-1u3fme80 cord-034058-8lokg6hs cord-033827-ex1ahuc6 cord-034814-flp6s0wd cord-035067-ic843wr9 cord-035038-iefkv5g7 cord-035333-2duu1c9n cord-117445-zu2mns82 cord-124654-zs2533s5 cord-122159-sp6o6h31 cord-154587-qbmm5st9 cord-176636-wzuhnfwp cord-238444-v9gfh3m1 cord-252328-ov4r3ple cord-253714-v02fs28k cord-254095-qkkimenx cord-254228-g2mjj7my cord-255492-50vo8bnc cord-255746-ir73lpi8 cord-256568-mbkrg98v cord-257781-ybpliz32 cord-257839-kfzc4pwq cord-258888-amimzjee cord-259073-dixskemz cord-259087-hckz3yk0 cord-259327-6hessuhh cord-261270-jkm9c5yv cord-262699-e628ysw5 cord-264051-ps0x2es1 cord-264779-71s7e18i cord-266088-485m5ped cord-266293-lqag2p3u cord-266440-69l9c3my cord-266744-31p212aq 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patients; disease; study; infection; pandemic; data; cases; health; coronavirus; risk; care; time; treatment; virus; studies; analysis; symptoms; number; case; patient; results; mortality; use; model; population; people; cells; outbreak; days; pneumonia; hospital; response; review; syndrome; transmission; preprint; age; rate; covid-19; system; countries; factors; authors; levels; research; information; lung; measures; group; evidence verbs: used; includes; report; showed; increased; based; done; associated; provide; make; find; follow; reduce; compared; considered; require; confirmed; related; developed; identify; suggests; infected; need; performing; causing; present; take; covid-19; given; led; affected; seen; treated; indicate; testing; observed; receiving; remained; known; assess; described; displaying; hospitalized; allowing; resulting; improve; granted; support; according; evaluate adjectives: covid-19; clinical; severe; respiratory; acute; high; viral; higher; social; available; medical; positive; different; non; first; novel; significant; new; many; human; public; potential; immune; important; early; inflammatory; low; current; possible; specific; negative; several; mental; critical; lower; global; international; similar; large; pulmonary; key; general; effective; common; likely; infectious; recent; multiple; anti; psychological adverbs: also; however; well; therefore; even; significantly; especially; respectively; still; critically; currently; particularly; first; highly; moreover; often; furthermore; less; already; now; rapidly; recently; potentially; finally; previously; prior; worldwide; yet; rather; directly; mainly; relatively; far; additionally; much; specifically; approximately; together; almost; likely; similarly; later; hence; statistically; least; just; frequently; generally; indeed; widely pronouns: we; it; their; our; they; its; i; them; he; his; us; you; her; she; themselves; your; one; itself; my; me; ourselves; him; yourself; oneself; himself; myself; ours; mg; 's; em; herself; covid-19; s; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08; theirs; mine; u; ya; rad5; mrs; il-1β; aptt; e4e4; rrt; f; yours; y; thy; resnet-50; mrnas proper nouns: COVID-19; SARS; CoV-2; China; Coronavirus; Health; Wuhan; CT; ACE2; March; Disease; CoV; ICU; PCR; Table; April; Fig; MERS; RNA; Italy; United; World; •; sha; J; May; RT; ARDS; IL-6; el; PPE; COVID; States; T; CC; DOI; Covid-19; Organization; US; New; UK; National; medRxiv; Clinical; BY; January; C; Hospital; India; February keywords: covid-19; sars; patient; china; health; ace2; cov-2; icu; pandemic; covid; cell; ppe; case; pcr; model; care; india; rna; il-6; mers; wuhan; coronavirus; study; disease; child; risk; hcq; clinical; cancer; ards; italy; infection; march; international; africa; treatment; preprint; drug; april; hiv; country; virus; social; severe; surgery; datum; vaccine; mental; psychological; chinese one topic; one dimension: covid file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198423/ titles(s): Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient three topics; one dimension: covid; covid; covid file(s): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11514v1.pdf, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014275/, https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1154-5063 titles(s): Robust estimation of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic at US counties | COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm | Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD jetzt weiter stärken five topics; three dimensions: covid health pandemic; patients covid disease; covid sars cov; covid patients patient; covid model data file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454649/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051358/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014275/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690074/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0377473220300201 titles(s): In Times of Trouble: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Responses to Threats | Impact of comorbidities on clinical prognosis in 1280 patients with different types of COVID-19 | COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm | Efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial | Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España Type: cord title: keyword-covid-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 13:31 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:covid ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-355593-91bho7aw author: A Mohsen, Ahmed title: Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects date: 2020-08-03 words: 3425.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355593-91bho7aw.txt summary: title: Global stability of COVID-19 model involving the quarantine strategy and media coverage effects In this paper, we build and analyze a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission considering media coverage effects. [12] suggested a mathematical model involving the effects of intervention strategies on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. We propose a mathematical model for COVID-19 transmission dynamics with the quarantine strategy and media effects. Theorem 4.1 The COVID-19 equilibrium point P * of the model (3) is locally asymptotically if the following conditions are hold Clearly, from above figure for effect of contact rate Table 3 , We obtain that in case decrease the contact rate (social isolation) the reproduction number less than one and the dynamical behavior of model (1.1) still approaches to COVID-19 equilibrium point. Now, to investigate the effect of the quarantined strategy it is given by on the dynamical behavior of model (1.1) and to control to COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. abstract: In this paper, we build and analyze a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission considering media coverage effects. Due to transmission characteristics of COVID-19, we can divided the population into five classes. The first class describes the susceptible individuals, the second class is exposed individuals, the third class is infected individuals, the fourth class is quarantine class and the last class is recovered individuals. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solutions of the model are discussed. The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is obtained. All possible equilibrium points of the model are investigated and their local stability is discussed under some conditions. The disease-free equilibrium is local asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text] and unstable when [Formula: see text]. The globally asymptotical stability of all point is verified by Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the analytical results and understand the effect of varying the parameters on spread of COVID-19. These findings suggested that media coverage can be considered as an effective way to mitigate the COVID-19 spreading. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968680/ doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020047 id: cord-308615-4fobikeh author: AKTAS, Busra title: Gut-lung axis and dysbiosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 words: 4221.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308615-4fobikeh.txt summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes lung infection, gastrointestinal symptoms described in COVID-19 patients and detection of the viral RNA in feces of infected patients drove attentions to a possible fecal-oral transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. This review points out the role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota involving in sepsis, on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the common symptoms, indicating respiratory tract disease, of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the main organ effected by the COVID-19 seems to be lung. In addition to the data detecting viral RNA in feces previously, these results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not remain with the respiratory tract only and the gastrointestinal system contribute to the course of the disease as well. However, with the limited data until today, it is hard to propose a fecal-oral transmission route to explain the enteric symptoms in COVID-19 patients and claim that SARS-CoV-2 pass through stomach and reach intestine to infect the intestinal cells as enteric viruses accomplish. abstract: COVID-19, a novel infectious disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affected millions of people around the world with a high mortality rate. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes lung infection, gastrointestinal symptoms described in COVID-19 patients and detection of the viral RNA in feces of infected patients drove attentions to a possible fecal-oral transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. However, not only the viral RNA but also the infectious viral particles are required for the viral infection and no proof has been demonstrated the transmission of the infectious virus particles via the fecal-oral route yet. Growing evidence indicates the crosstalk between gut microbiota and lung, that maintains host homeostasis and disease development with the association of immune system. This gut-lung interaction may influence the COVID-19 severity in patients with extrapulmonary conditions. Severity of COVID-19 has mostly associated with old ages and underlying medical conditions. Since the diversity in the gut microbiota decreases during aging, dysbiosis could be the reason for older adults being at high risk for severe illness from COVID-19. We believe that gut microbiota contributes to the course of COVID-19 due to its bidirectional relationship with immune system and lung. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota results in gut permeability leading to secondary infection and multiple organ failure. Conversely, disruption of the gut barrier integrity due to dysbiosis may lead to translocation of SARS-CoV-2 from the lung into the intestinal lumen via circulatory and lymphatic system. This review points out the role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota involving in sepsis, on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, this review aims to clarify the ambiguity in fecal-oral transmission of SARS- CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-2005-102 doi: 10.3906/biy-2005-102 id: cord-306809-ugxuh7z4 author: AKÇAY, Şule title: Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-21 words: 1624.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306809-ugxuh7z4.txt summary: The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In another Chinese series, the authors emphasized that COVID-19 pneumonia manifested with chest CT imaging abnormalities, even in asymptomatic patients, with rapid evolution from focal unilateral to diffuse bilateral groundglass opacities that progressed to or coexisted with consolidations within 1-3 weeks. 1. Early stage (0-4 days after onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, ground-glass opacities (GGO) was the main radiological demonstration distributed subpleurally in the lower lobes unilaterally or bilaterally. 2. Progressive stage (5-8 days after the onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, the infection rapidly aggravated and extended to a bilateral multi-lobe distribution with diffuse GGO, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation. abstract: COVID-19 pneumonia has high mortality rates. The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we discussed the main radiological findings of this infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299200/ doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-160 id: cord-319113-844o9nr2 author: AL-Rasheedi, Mabrouk title: Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-10 words: 3573.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319113-844o9nr2.txt summary: Objective The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the awareness of both the general public and healthcare providers in Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Results showed significant positive correlation between the recognition of high-risk groups, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease prevention and available treatments. Results showed that there were significant differences of awareness levels among different groups of age and sex in response to the identification of COVID-19 treatment. Results showed significant positive correlation between high risk groups recognition, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease spread prevention and COVID-19 available treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the awareness of healthcare professionals and the general public regarding COVID-19 in Qassim region, kingdom Saudi Arabia with focusing on both general awareness and detailed information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has sought to evaluate COVID-19 awareness in Saudi healthcare professionals and the general public in Qassim region. abstract: Background The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern for both general public and healthcare profession. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the awareness of both the general public and healthcare providers in Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in different shopping malls in Qassim region from 10th of February to 10th of March, 2020. All participants have answered the designed questionnaire. The structured questionnaire recorded demographics and awareness of both public participants as well as health care providers. Result A total of 130 participants have answered the designed questionnaire, out of which 67participants were males (58.5%) and 54 were females (41.5%). Overall, 129 (99%) out of the 130 participants are aware of COVID-19, and 116 (90%) have recognize it as a respiratory disease and 100 % of the participants have recognized it as a contagious disease. Around 94 % of the participants were able to recognize the correct incubation period of the virus. Participants of the age group 20-40 showed higher awareness level than other age groups (P value = 0.005). In addition, government employees showed higher awareness level than other profession groups (P= 0.039). Results showed significant positive correlation between the recognition of high-risk groups, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease prevention and available treatments. Conclusion General public and health care professionals from Qassim Region showed adequate awareness of COVID-19. However, there is a strong need to implement periodic educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19 across all healthcare professions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X2030382X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.035 id: cord-279435-ffgd2ets author: ALBalawi, Hani B title: COVID-19: Precautionary Guidelines for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-06-25 words: 3183.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279435-ffgd2ets.txt summary: Healthcare providers, particularly ophthalmologists, are at high risk of a COVID-19 infection through unprotected contact with eye secretions during routine ophthalmic examinations that involve the use of direct ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations, which are usually performed in a setting that allows for close doctor-patient contact. In fact, ophthalmologists are at high risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus through unprotected eye contact with secretions during routine ophthalmic examinations with direct ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations, which are usually performed in a setting that has close doctor-patient contact. A three-stage control measure to reduce the transmission of the virus in the ophthalmology department in Hong Kong was based on text messaging to reschedule refill visits [6] ; a triage to identify patients with fever, conjunctivitis, and respiratory symptoms; asking those who recently traveled to areas infected with the virus to postpone their ophthalmology visits for 14 days; and the avoidance of micro-aerosol generating procedures, nasal endoscopy, and operations under general anesthesia. abstract: Several coronaviruses can infect humans, and the globally endemic human coronaviruses, HCoV-229E (human coronavirus 229E), HCoV-NL63 (human coronavirus NL63), and others, tend to cause mild respiratory diseases. The zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type1 (SARS-CoV-1) have high fatality rates. In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was notified by Chinese authorities about an outbreak of pneumonia before the causative organism was identified in January 2020 as a novel coronavirus family. The WHO refers to the virus as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within several weeks, the outbreak has become an emergency, and many countries have since been affected. The method of transmission is not yet fully known but is thought to be mainly respiratory. Healthcare providers, particularly ophthalmologists, are at high risk of a COVID-19 infection through unprotected contact with eye secretions during routine ophthalmic examinations that involve the use of direct ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examinations, which are usually performed in a setting that allows for close doctor-patient contact. In light of these, specific measures are needed from an ophthalmic point of view to control the COVID-19 outbreak and to protect health care providers. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8815 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8815 id: cord-348963-1faxyx9x author: ALHAERY, M. title: A COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index: The Key to Opening up the Economy date: 2020-05-26 words: 3487.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348963-1faxyx9x.txt summary: Using various measures for each state including mortality, hospitalizations, testing capacity, number of infections and infection rate has allowed for the creation of a composite COVID -19 Reopening Readiness Index. Using various measures for each state including mortality, hospitalizations, testing capacity, number of infections and infection rate has allowed for the creation of a composite COVID -19 Reopening Readiness Index. First, a sub-index was created for each of the identified indicators related to COVID-19: the number of new daily cases, the number of hospitalized patients, death counts, tests given, and positive tests as a percent of total tests at a state level. These indexes are calculated based on the three-day rolling averages of the key metrics to minimize irregular fluctuation in the daily data and still provide easily identifiable trends over time. . https://doi.org/10.1101 The COVID-19 Reopening Readiness Index provides a universal and unbiased perspective of viewing each state''s progress towards containing the spread of the virus or regressing over time. abstract: With respect to reopening the economy as a result of the COVID-19 restrictions, governmental response and messaging have been inconsistent, and policies have varied by state as this is a uniquely polarizing topic. Considering the urgent need to return to normalcy, a method was devised to determine the degree of progress any state has made in containing the spread of COVID-19. Using various measures for each state including mortality, hospitalizations, testing capacity, number of infections and infection rate has allowed for the creation of a composite COVID -19 Reopening Readiness Index. This index can serve as a comprehensive reliable and simple-to-use metric to assess the level of containment in any state and to determine the level of risk in further opening. As states struggle to contain the outbreak and at the same time face great pressure in resuming economic activity, an index that provides a data-driven and objective insight is urgently needed. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20110577v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110577 id: cord-295703-no45mgyd author: ALTAY, O. title: Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 words: 3977.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295703-no45mgyd.txt summary: Combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and L-carnitine tartrate is being studied for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, CMCS resulted in a significant reduction in recovery time and liver enzymes associated with hepatic function compared to placebo. Recently, we performed integrative analysis of multi-omics data on different metabolic conditions and found that combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and Lcarnitine tartrate may be used for treatment of the patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (11, 12) . In this randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial involving ambulatory COVID-19 patients, we found that the combination of CMCS and hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced the average recovery time compared with hydroxychloroquine and placebo (6.6 days vs 9.3 days, respectively). abstract: BACKGROUND The characteristics of COVID-19 outbreak and high fatality rate of COVID-19 infection have attracted the attention of scientists due to the strong interactions between components of metabolic syndrome, metabolic abnormalities, and viral pathobiology of COVID-19. Combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and L-carnitine tartrate is being studied for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled, phase-2 clinical trial involving ambulatory COVID-19 patients. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned on a 3:1 basis to hydroxychloroquine plus CMCS or hydroxychloroquine plus placebo. The total treatment period for the hydroxychloroquine was 5 days, and for the CMCS/placebo was 14 days. Clinical status was evaluated daily by phone, using a binomial scale for subject reported presence or absence for multiple COVID-19 related symptoms. Plasma samples for clinical chemistry analyses were collected on day 0 and day 14. RESULTS A total of 93 patients completed the trial. The combination of CMCS and hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced the average complete recovery time compared with hydroxychloroquine and placebo (6.6 days vs 9.3 days, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in ALT, AST and LDH levels on day 14 compared to day 0 in the hydroxychloroquine plus CMCS group. The adverse effects were uncommon and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, CMCS resulted in a significant reduction in recovery time and liver enzymes associated with hepatic function compared to placebo. We observed that CMSC is associated with a low incidence of adverse events. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.02.20202614v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20202614 id: cord-302113-xqmvix1o author: Aacharya, Ramesh Prasad title: Ethical dimensions of stigma and discrimination in Nepal during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 words: 1482.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302113-xqmvix1o.txt summary: Quarantine of the potentially infected and isolation of positive patients is the standard management of COVID-19 but health care providers must be aware of the socio-cultural implications, and potential for stigmatisation which could inadvertently affect certain population [2] . Ethical issues in the national context of Nepal during the pandemic COVID-19 particularly after the public health measures in relation to stigma and discrimination to health care professionals and patients are discussed. As personal protective equipment (PPE) were inadequate and health care professionals were at risk while collecting swab samples and caring the suspected cases in isolation ward, the government decided to disburse 1 million rupees to 25 hospitals to help them run fever clinics. Immediately after the lockdown decision of the government, hospitals throughout the country stopped regular services and the public perception was that only the patients with COVID-19 will J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 | P a g e be taken care of. abstract: ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic has ultimately brought down the world in a status of standstill as a result of lockdown as one of the measures to combat the situation and to prevent cross transmission. On the other hand, it has raised issues like ethical obligation of medical doctors and other staff to attend COVID-19 patients without proper PPE and resources increasing the risk to the staff and their family. In addition, it has resulted in compromise of the services provided to the people like non-availability of medical services to chronic and non-urgent patients. Non-COVID-19 patients attending ‘Fever Clinic’ were harmed due to inappropriate management. Medical staff dealing with testing or working in hospitals, isolation wards or quarantine centres have been stigmatized as ‘possibly infected’ and even denied food and accommodation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352552520300748?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100536 id: cord-288922-1lry9wkn author: Aamir, Alifiya title: Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date: 2020-10-21 words: 1685.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt summary: In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. As social distancing is considered to be the key preventive measure for infection control, mental health rehabilitation day boarding and day care centers, being a non-emergency service have limited new admissions, cancelled programs and have been temporarily closed at some places which in turn is going to significantly deprive people with chronic mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities of these services [7] . In order to ensure that all individuals on the road to recovery and/or admitted to a rehabilitation center are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. abstract: The SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak is an unprecedented event in modern history worldwide. To facilitate speedy and smooth recovery during this time period, an added responsibility is placed upon rehabilitation center counselors, staff and management. In this paper we expose the role that psychiatric rehabilitation plays during the COVID-19 crisis. Since COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably raised mental health concerns, one of the high risks and possibly neglected groups includes individuals undergoing mental health rehabilitation, the impact on which can be significant as compared to the rest of the population. In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. This article highlights how the coronavirus pandemic, that has hit hard the health care and all categories of patients affected by mental disorders, is likely to be particularly dramatic for mental health rehabilitation centers. Indeed, the COVID-19 crisis has severely tested the health systems worldwide, reducing sometimes the quality and quantity of care offered to psychiatric patients both hospitalized and not in rehabilitation centers. The main goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance, often underestimated, of mental health rehabilitation centers, on which one should invest for the both future of psychological and psychiatric rehabilitation and the current crisis as well. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7 doi: 10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7 id: cord-334431-qn2c83in author: Aaronson, Emily Loving title: Emerging palliative care innovations in the ED: a qualitative analysis of programmatic elements during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 words: 4753.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334431-qn2c83in.txt summary: These included elements of fully embedded PC, the use of PC extenders, technology both within the electronic medical record (EMR) and outside of it, and innovations in training emergency clinicians in primary palliative care skills to support care delivery. Institutions that implemented these programs reported that they increased PC utilization in the ED, were well received by clinicians, and changed patient''s care trajectories. Before COVID-19, two predominant models of PC delivery existed at the study sites: 1) a traditional consult model in which PC was available to consult with minimal, or no education for ED staff related to PC skills and concepts; and 2) a model which provided extensive training to ED clinicians to cultivate primary PC skills. Although not reported in the literature as a model of PC-ED delivery before COVID, a fully embedded model emerged at several institutions during the pandemic where a PC provider was seated in the ED, and fully dedicated to this work. abstract: CONTEXT: Health systems have aspired to integrate palliative care (PC) into the emergency department (ED) in order to improve care quality for over a decade, yet there are very few examples of implemented models in the literature. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the volume of seriously ill patients in EDs and a consequent rapid increase in PC integration in many EDs. OBJECTIVE: To describe the new PC-ED delivery innovations that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: For this qualitative study of PC programs in EDs, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ED and PC clinicians between June 30, 2020 and August 18, 2020. Participants were asked about PC-ED integration before, during and after COVID. We conducted a two-phased rapid analysis (RA) using a RA template and consolidated matrix to identify innovations. RESULTS: Using purposive and snowball sampling, we interviewed 31 participants, representing 52 hospitals. Several new innovations in care delivery were identified. These included elements of fully embedded PC, the use of PC extenders, technology both within the electronic medical record (EMR) and outside of it, and innovations in training emergency clinicians in primary palliative care skills to support care delivery. Most PC efforts focused on increasing goals of care conversations. Institutions that implemented these programs reported that they increased PC utilization in the ED, were well received by clinicians, and changed patient’s care trajectories. CONCLUSIONS: Several new innovations in PC-ED care delivery emerged during COVID. Many innovations leveraged different types of clinicians to deliver care, an increased physical presence of PC in the ED, and used technology to enhance care delivery. These innovations may serve as a framework for institutions as they plan for evolving needs in the ED during and after COVID. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of these programs and to understand their applicability beyond the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0885392420308642 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.035 id: cord-272494-du3y82pq author: Abbas, Abdul-Rahman title: Today''s actions shape tomorrow''s world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? date: 2020-05-12 words: 420.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272494-du3y82pq.txt summary: key: cord-272494-du3y82pq title: Today''s actions shape tomorrow''s world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy? cord_uid: du3y82pq In China, South Korea and Taiwan, cell phones are used to track individuals with suspected COVID-19 infections without their consent, a measure that they believe allowed them to "flatten the curve". 3 Technological titans Apple and Google are also collaborating to develop an "opt-in" platform to trace the contacts of COVID-19 patients. 5 Therefore, transparency around the type of data collected and its intended use are necessary to ensure personal liberties are not abused under the guise of the pandemic. Our personal data can be used, potentially, to mitigate the devastating effects of COVID-19; illustrated by the slower spread in countries adopting the aforementioned tracking strategies. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Europe Turn to Phone-Tracking Strategies to Slow Spread of Coronavirus Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120304040?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.021 id: cord-307207-xfu5d7dt author: Abbas, Ahmed M. title: COVID‐19 and maternal pre‐eclampsia; a synopsis date: 2020-06-15 words: 749.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307207-xfu5d7dt.txt summary: In March 2020, the World health organization reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic.(1) Khan et al., 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID‐19 pregnant women, showed a rate of 29.1% preterm birth and 16.4% low birth weight among their babies.(2) This increases the interest that hyper‐inflammatory state in COVID‐19 may be associated with hypoxic injury in the placenta and developing pre‐eclamptic state. 1 Khan et al., 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID-19 pregnant women, showed a rate of 29.1% preterm birth and 16.4% low birth weight among their babies. Possible COVID-19 intrauterine infection may alter the expression of ACE2 and develop pre-eclamptic state via raised Angiotensin II level in the placental villi leading to vasoconstriction and restricted fetal blood flow. 7 Systematic review about maternal serum cytokines in pre-eclampsia revealed significant increase of maternal IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα compared with normotensive pregnant women. Further studies are recommended to show the association between COVID-19 and development of pre-eclampsia. abstract: In March 2020, the World health organization reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic.(1) Khan et al., 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID‐19 pregnant women, showed a rate of 29.1% preterm birth and 16.4% low birth weight among their babies.(2) This increases the interest that hyper‐inflammatory state in COVID‐19 may be associated with hypoxic injury in the placenta and developing pre‐eclamptic state. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542883/ doi: 10.1111/sji.12918 id: cord-307481-h7xvehvk author: Abbas, Ahmed M. title: A focused review on the genital and sexual affection of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-30 words: 1255.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307481-h7xvehvk.txt summary: The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could harm the reproductive and sexual health of both males and females. Currently, there is no enough data on the effect of COVID-19 on genitalia and sexual behavior. It is a systemic disease; thus, in turn, the affection of the female or male genitalia is not so far either directly or indirectly by attacking the spinal cord [12] . If a COVID-19 patient is admitted to the ICU and doctors decided to use the thiazide-type diuretics, the aldosterone receptor blockers, the β-adrenergic receptor blockers, or ACE inhibitors to control blood pressure, it can cause erectile dysfunction. Studies showed that testosterone level increases on the 7th day of abstinence, but this not affected significantly by intercourse in males [18] . Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area Does COVID-19 pandemic affect sexual behaviour? abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could harm the reproductive and sexual health of both males and females. This could be through psychological, immunological, or systemic effects. In this article, we tried to elucidate the mechanisms that could explain the current and future genital affection of COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468784720301926 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101848 id: cord-288403-m6qe57he author: Abbas, K. M. title: Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa date: 2020-05-26 words: 7098.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt summary: First, we used previously reported country-specific child mortality impact estimates of childhood immunisation for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, rotavirus, measles, meningitis A, rubella, and yellow fever (DTP3, HepB3, Hib3, PCV3, RotaC, MCV1, MCV2, MenA, RCV, YFV) to approximate the future deaths averted before completing five years of age by routine childhood vaccination during a 6-month Covid-19 risk period without catch-up campaigns. Specifically, we conducted a benefit-risk analysis of vaccine-preventable deaths averted by sustaining routine childhood immunisation in comparison to excess Covid-19 deaths from SARS-CoV-2 infections acquired by visiting routine vaccination service delivery points. The central estimates for benefit-risk ratio at the household level show the child deaths averted by continuing the routine childhood immunisation programmes (1-dose MCV1, RCV1, MenA, YFV for 9-month-old children) per excess Covid-19 death caused by SARS-CoV2 infections acquired in the vaccination service delivery points. abstract: Background: National immunisation programmes globally are at risk of suspension due to the severe health system constraints and physical distancing measures in place to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim is to compare the health benefits of sustaining routine childhood immunisation in Africa against the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections through visiting routine vaccination service delivery points. Methods: We used two scenarios to approximate the child deaths that may be caused by immunisation coverage reductions during COVID-19 outbreaks. First, we used previously reported country-specific child mortality impact estimates of childhood immunisation for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, rotavirus, measles, meningitis A, rubella, and yellow fever (DTP3, HepB3, Hib3, PCV3, RotaC, MCV1, MCV2, MenA, RCV, YFV) to approximate the future deaths averted before completing five years of age by routine childhood vaccination during a 6-month Covid-19 risk period without catch-up campaigns. Second, we analysed an alternative scenario that approximates the health benefits of sustaining routine childhood immunisation to only the child deaths averted from measles outbreaks during the Covid-19 risk period. The excess number of infections due to additional SARS-CoV-2 exposure during immunisation visits assumes that contact reducing interventions flatten the outbreak curve during the Covid-19 risk period, that 60% of the population will have been infected by the end of that period, that children can be infected by either vaccinators or during transport and that upon child infection the whole household would be infected. Country specific household age structure estimates and age dependent infection fatality rates are then applied to calculate the number of deaths attributable to the vaccination clinic visits. We present benefit-risk ratios for routine childhood immunisation alongside 95% uncertainty range estimates from probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Findings: For every one excess Covid-19 death attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infections acquired during routine vaccination clinic visits, there could be 143 (38 - 576) deaths in children prevented by sustaining routine childhood immunisation in Africa. The benefit-risk ratio for the vaccinated children, siblings, parents or adult care-givers, and older adults in the households of vaccinated children are 58,000 (3,200 - 21,350,000), 52,000 (2,800 - 18,884,000), 2,000 (393 - 12,000), and 157 (41 - 652) respectively. In the alternative scenario that approximates the health benefits to only the child deaths averted from measles outbreaks, the benefit-risk ratio to the households of vaccinated children is 5 (1 - 21) under these highly conservative assumptions and if the risk to only the vaccinated children is considered, the benefit-risk ratio is 2,000 (131 - 839,000). Interpretation: Our analysis suggests that the health benefits of deaths prevented by sustaining routine childhood immunisation in Africa far outweighs the excess risk of Covid-19 deaths associated with vaccination clinic visits. However, there are other factors that must be considered for strategic decision making to sustain routine childhood immunisation in African countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. These include logistical constraints of vaccine supply chain problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, reallocation of immunisation providers to other prioritised health services, healthcare staff shortages caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections among the staff, decreased demand for vaccination arising from community reluctance to visit vaccination clinics for fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infections, and infection risk to healthcare staff providing immunisation services as well as to their households and onward SARS-CoV-2 transmission into the wider community. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.19.20106278v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106278 id: cord-322789-9elfpx0e author: Abbaspour Kasgari, Hamideh title: Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-08-19 words: 2711.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322789-9elfpx0e.txt summary: title: Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial 29 We therefore conducted a randomized controlled trial in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin compared with standard care. This study was a single-centre, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with ribavirin against controls who received standard of care for COVID-19 at the time of the study. This randomized trial found that the combination of sofosbuvir/ daclatasvir/ribavirin compared with standard care showed limited clinical improvement in moderate COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial of sofosbuvir/ daclatasvir/ribavirin in COVID-19 patients; however, there are limitations to our study. abstract: BACKGROUND: New therapeutic options are urgently needed to tackle the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Repurposing existing pharmaceuticals provides an immediate treatment opportunity. We assessed the efficacy of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with ribavirin for treating patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This was a single-centre, randomized controlled trial in adults with moderate COVID-19 admitted to the Ghaem Shahr Razi Hospital in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to 400 mg sofosbuvir, 60 mg daclatasvir and 1200 mg ribavirin (intervention group) or to standard care (control group). The primary endpoint of this study was length of hospital stay. This study is registered by IRCT.ir under the ID: IRCT20200328046886N1. RESULTS: Between 20 March 2020 and 8 April 2020, 48 patients were recruited; 24 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 24 to the control group. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days in both groups (P = 0.398). The number of ICU admissions in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin group was not significantly lower than the control group (0 versus 4, P = 0.109). There was no difference in the number of deaths between the groups (0 versus 3, P = 0.234). The cumulative incidence of recovery was higher in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin arm (Gray’s P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized trial was too small to make definitive conclusions. There were trends in favour of the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir/ribavirin arm for recovery and lower death rates. However, there was an imbalance in the baseline characteristics between the arms. Larger randomized trials should be conducted to investigate this treatment further. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32812025/ doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa332 id: cord-305044-lrxzeysw author: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title: An Invited commentary on ‘’ Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article’’ date: 2020-07-15 words: 356.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305044-lrxzeysw.txt summary: key: cord-305044-lrxzeysw title: An Invited commentary on '''' Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article'''' cord_uid: lrxzeysw To date more than 10 000 000 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, due to SARS COV-2. Laparoscopic surgery should be offered to a small number of patients because of increased risk of SARS COV-2 transmission. In case of performing laparoscopic surgery, the following precautions should be applied: Trocar and instruments should be disposable; surgeons should use aspirator mask in addition to Standard personal protection equipment; pneumoperitoneum should be at low pressure; exsufflation and deflation of the peritoneum should be performed before trocar removal; energy devices should be set up at minimal level (3, 4) . Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations SAGES and EAES recommendations for minimally invasive surgery during COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1743919120305409 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.005 id: cord-316197-r2ctm5sl author: Abbaszadeh-Kasbi, Ali title: An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice- -Part 1 date: 2020-06-02 words: 497.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316197-r2ctm5sl.txt summary: title: An Invited Commentary on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-Part 1 I congratulate the authors on a very comprehensive systematic review on Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice. Also, there are some intraoperative risks that should be decreased by placing a surgical mask on the patient, using single-use instruments, and operating suspected patient with COVID-19 at the end of the daily list. Post operatively, patient should be recovered in OR, should be given a single dose of 5-HT3 antagonist, surgical specimen should be labelled as suspected COVID-19 (3). Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice -Part 1 (Review Article). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical services: early experiences at a nominated COVID-19 centre abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502702/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.078 id: cord-290856-6de0mwg0 author: Abbo, Aharon (Ronnie) title: Technological Developments and Strategic Management for Overcoming the COVID-19 Challenge within the Hospital Setting in Israel date: 2020-07-31 words: 4152.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290856-6de0mwg0.txt summary: A second key component of this challenge was the overwhelming surge in patient burden and the relative lack of trained staff and medical equipment which required rapid re-organization of large systems and augmenting health care efficiencies to unprecedented levels. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, such as non-contact sensing of patients'' vital signs, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical big picture at the hospital or national level using a strategic management system. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical strategic big picture that could help confront the next wave or any upcoming health crisis. The C 4 I™ system is a command and control tactical system integrating computing, communication, and intelligence information (for health care applications this applies for patient sensors), developed for military use by Elbit Systems. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has remarkably challenged health care organizations and societies. A key strategy for confronting the disease implications on individuals and communities was based on harnessing multidisciplinary efforts to develop technologies for mitigating the disease spread and its deleterious clinical implications. One of the main challenging characteristics of COVID-19 is the provision of medical care to patients with a highly infective disease mandating the use of isolation measures. Such care is complicated by the need for complex critical care, dynamic treatment guidelines, and a vague knowledge regarding the disease’s pathophysiology. A second key component of this challenge was the overwhelming surge in patient burden and the relative lack of trained staff and medical equipment which required rapid re-organization of large systems and augmenting health care efficiencies to unprecedented levels. In contrast to the risk management strategies employed to mitigate other serious threats and the billions of dollars that are invested in reducing these risks annually by governments around the world, no such preparation has been shown to be of effect during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Unmet needs were identified within the newly opened COVID-19 departments together with the urgent need for reliable information for effective decision-making at the state level. This review article describes the early research and development response in Israel under the scope of in-hospital patient care, such as non-contact sensing of patients’ vital signs, and how it could potentially be weaved into a practical big picture at the hospital or national level using a strategic management system. At this stage, some of the described technologies are still in developmental or clinical evidence generation phases with respect to COVID-19 settings. While waiting for future publications describing the results of the ongoing evidence generation efforts, one should be aware of this trend as these emerging tools have the potential to further benefit patients as well as caregivers and health care systems beyond the scope of the current pandemic as well as confronting future surges in the number of cases. url: https://doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10417 doi: 10.5041/rmmj.10417 id: cord-033356-ppn71yd0 author: Abbott, Frederick M title: Facilitating Access to Cross-Border Supplies of Patented Pharmaceuticals: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-28 words: 10042.0 sentences: 481.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033356-ppn71yd0.txt summary: The authors finally address the problem created by the decision of various high-income countries to ''opt out'' as eligible importing countries under the World Trade Organization TRIPS Agreement Article 31bis amendment that addresses the predominant export of pharmaceutical products under compulsory licenses. 18 At the time of writing, a number of pharmaceutical companies that are receiving substantial government subsidies to develop vaccines and treatments to address COVID-19 have declared that they intend to provide them on a ''not-for-profit'' basis, although nothing in their grant arrangements appears to require specific pricing commitments, 19 and there is limited public transparency on this account. 70 For present purposes, we emphasize that a pooled procurement strategy along these lines would also greatly strengthen the inherent power of governments in developing countries to threaten and, when needed, to issue compulsory licenses for patented pharmaceuticals under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into stark relief the gaps in global preparedness to address widespread outbreaks of deadly viral infections. This article proposes legal mechanisms for addressing critical issues facing the international community in terms of providing equitable access to vaccines, treatments, diagnostics, and medical equipment. On the supply side, the authors propose the establishment of mandatory patent pools (‘Licensing Facilities’) on a global or regional, or even national basis, depending upon the degree of cooperation that may be achieved. The authors also discuss the importance of creating shared production facilities. On the demand side, the authors propose the establishment of Regional Pharmaceutical Supply Centers (RPSCs) for the collective procurement of products, and the need to coordinate the issuance of necessary compulsory licenses for production and/or importation, depending on relevant circumstances. The authors envisage that centralized coordination by RPSCs should assist in overcoming difficulties individual countries may encounter in addressing administrative and technical issues in procuring supplies, as well as creating improved bargaining leverage with potential suppliers. The authors finally address the problem created by the decision of various high-income countries to ‘opt out’ as eligible importing countries under the World Trade Organization TRIPS Agreement Article 31bis amendment that addresses the predominant export of pharmaceutical products under compulsory licenses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543411/ doi: 10.1093/jiel/jgaa022 id: cord-285486-99trkti1 author: Abd-Elsalam, Sherief title: Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study date: 2020-08-14 words: 2928.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt summary: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that HCQ treatment was not significantly associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients. So, adding HCQ to standard care did not add significant benefit, did not decrease the need for ventilation, and did not reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. 1. Hydroxychloroquine group: This group included 97 patients who received HCQ 400 mg twice daily (in day 1) followed by 200 mg tablets twice daily added to the standard of care treatment adopted by the Egyptian MOH for 15 days. 18 Although cardiac toxicity is a known adverse event requiring monitoring during treatment, HCQ showed promise in treating SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with multiple comorbidities including coronary artery disease. 12 studied the change in symptom severity over 14 days in nonhospitalized patients between HCQ and control groups and did not find any significant difference (P = 0.12). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is showing an exponential growth, mandating an urgent need to develop an effective treatment. Indeed, to date, a well-established therapy is still lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) added to standard care in patients with COVID-19. This was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial conducted at three major university hospitals in Egypt. One hundred ninety-four patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in the study after signing informed consent. They were equally randomized into two arms: 97 patients administrated HCQ plus standard care (HCQ group) and 97 patients administered only standard care as a control arm (control group). The primary endpoints were recovery within 28 days, need for mechanical ventilation, or death. The two groups were matched for age and gender. There was no significant difference between them regarding any of the baseline characteristics or laboratory parameters. Four patients (4.1%) in the HCQ group and 5 (5.2%) patients in the control group needed mechanical ventilation (P = 0.75). The overall mortality did not differ between the two groups, as six patients (6.2%) died in the HCQ group and 5 (5.2%) died in the control group (P = 0.77). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that HCQ treatment was not significantly associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients. So, adding HCQ to standard care did not add significant benefit, did not decrease the need for ventilation, and did not reduce mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828135/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0873 id: cord-318892-1vyhsg5k author: AbdAllah, Mohamed title: Role of micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 words: 635.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318892-1vyhsg5k.txt summary: Micronutrients play an important role in enhancing the immune system, therefore, proper nutritional support of micronutrients could have a positive impact on COVID-19 outcome. Micronutrients play an important role in the immune system and subsequently could have a positive impact on COVID-19 outcome [4] . It also reduces the risk of cytokine storm through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines but unfortunately, poor sun exposure during hospital stay or home isolation may aggravates vitamin D deficiency [6] . Based on the fore-mentioned data, the nutritional state of COVID-19 patients may affects the progression and outcome of illness. According to the Egyptian guidelines for the management of COVID-19, daily supplementation of vitamin C (1gm) and zinc (50mg) is mandatory for all symptomatic cases. Proper nutrition can also play a role in prophylaxis against COVID19. More studies need to be done to improve the nutritional plans as a complementary factor for both prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine abstract: Micronutrients play an important role in enhancing the immune system, therefore, proper nutritional support of micronutrients could have a positive impact on COVID-19 outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100782 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100782 id: cord-340738-2pufvc67 author: AbdAllah, Mohamed title: Herd-immunity against COVID-19: Is it enough to stop a second wave? date: 2020-11-12 words: 683.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340738-2pufvc67.txt summary: Keywords: COVID-19; Second wave; Past-infection; immunity; Herd-immunity • This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. • The Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest'' Herd-immunity is a defensive strategy against COVID-19. Many reports doubt the efficacy and durability of the "post-infection" immunity, therefore, countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the further-coming wave of COVID-19. Many reports doubt the efficacy and durability of the "post-infection" immunity, therefore, countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the further-coming wave of COVID-19. The neutralizing antibodies (Nab) that are produced by B cells after infection were successful in preventing reinfection in animal models and that was the concept of using convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 [5] . Using herd-immunity as a defense strategy against COVID-19 has been adopted by many countries. Countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the second wave of COVID-19. abstract: Herd-immunity is a defensive strategy against COVID-19. Many reports doubt the efficacy and durability of the “post-infection” immunity, therefore, countries should not rely on herd-immunity for protection against the further-coming wave of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520301633?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100811 id: cord-279736-udsbcqfs author: Abdalkader, Mohamad title: Roadmap for Resuming Elective Neuroendovascular Procedures Following the First COVID-19 Surge date: 2020-07-27 words: 1887.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279736-udsbcqfs.txt summary: As we emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic''s initial surge, we prepare for re-entry of elective neurointerventional procedures to optimize the care of patients and mitigate infectious risk, while concurrently preserving ongoing capacity to care for patients with COVID-19. Anticipated potential limitations in health care resources (personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilators, personnel, hospital space) resulted in triaged delays of non-emergent endovascular procedures and surgeries [1] [2] [3] . We discuss several aspects of care that should be considered during the neuroendovascular resumption of an elective phase including hospital bed capacity, PPE resources, pre-procedure testing and post-procedure care. While the re-introduction of neurointerventional elective procedures can expose an additional specific and related risk of infection and stress, advance preparation and the development of modified pre-procedure protocols, intra-procedural protocols (sharing similarities with acute neurological emergencies) [7] [8] [9] , and post-procedural protocols can help organize the care of the patient, optimize peri-procedural risk to both patient and health care provider, and accommodate for appropriate resource allocation. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic led to prioritizing high-acuity care of COVID-19 patients, while deferring non-emergent neurointerventional procedures worldwide in order to both limit contagion and add capacity for the anticipated COVID-19 surge. More specifically, health care resources, health care workers, and personal protective equipment (PPE) were all reorganized to ensure availability for the anticipated care of COVID-19 patients. As we emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic's initial surge, we prepare for re-entry of elective neurointerventional procedures to optimize the care of patients and mitigate infectious risk, while concurrently preserving ongoing capacity to care for patients with COVID-19. We present a suggested roadmap which may have utility for those reopening elective neurointerventional procedures following the pandemic surge. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1052305720305954 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105177 id: cord-302319-61zcicvo author: Abdelaziz, Hesham K title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a British cardiac center date: 2020-05-11 words: 1616.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302319-61zcicvo.txt summary: Abstract The current study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient-related delay with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom. The study demonstrated a significant delay in symptom-to-first medical contact and a higher cardiac troponin-I level on admission in patients with STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the pre-COVID era. 5 The current study represents the experience of a tertiary cardiac center in the United Kingdom in regard to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with STEMI. This is a retrospective, observational study that included all patients, 18-90 years of age, who presented with STEMI via emergency medical service (EMS) or through the Accident and Emergency department at our tertiary cardiac center and in whom primary PCI was performed. The current study highlights the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient presenting with STEMI, especially in regard to patient-related delay, one of the key factors in the pre-hospital logistics of care. abstract: Abstract The current study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient-related delay with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary center in the United Kingdom. The study demonstrated a significant delay in symptom-to-first medical contact and a higher cardiac troponin-I level on admission in patients with STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the pre-COVID era. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002870320301307 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.022 id: cord-293711-qgefn164 author: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title: Comment on “COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action” date: 2020-04-16 words: 667.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293711-qgefn164.txt summary: apy their recommendations for treatment of patients with psoriasis at time of new COVID-19 pandemic. The authors pointed to the importance of therapeutic reassessment of all psoriatic patients, particularly those with moderate-to-severe disease, who are candidate to systemic, mostly immunosuppressive, therapies in the era of COVID-19. COVID-19 virus has neurotropic potential that partially explains the higher rate of acute respiratory distress in elderly patients. ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy has a comparable efficacy in moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis and could improve the clinical manifestations and quality of life more quickly than narrow band ultraviolet B therapy with no significant side effects, including lack of increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. COVID-19 and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? Older adults on systemic treatment for psoriasis and risk of infection:a propensity score matched population-based study Risk of serious infection in patients receiving systemic medications for the treatment of psoriasis Should patients stop their biologic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32239587/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13360 id: cord-295995-uabnyomr author: Abdelmaksoud, Ayman title: Sexually Transmitted COVID19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 310.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295995-uabnyomr.txt summary: key: cord-295995-uabnyomr cord_uid: uabnyomr In their study on healthy women, Yuksel and Ozgor found a significant higher sexual desire and frequencies of sexual intercourse during COVID19 pandemic compared with 6-12 months prior. 4 on 10 severely infected women with COVID-19, no SARS-CoV-2 virus was noted in their vaginal fluids. They concluded that likelihood of transmitting SARS-Cov-2 to sexual partners through vaginal fluids may be low. 5 Genital contamination with genital fluids, even with low rate, is not unexpected. Due to risk of "genital" contamination with SARSThis article is protected by copyright. They are at risk of not only STDs, but also SARS-CoV2 through genital contamination. COVID19 patients presented with PR, or known STD, should be enquired about their sexual behavior/preference, and should undergo more than a nasopharyngeal swab before considering negativity of infection. Can Covid-19 Be a Sexually Transmitted Disease? Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Female Sexual Behavior SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Detectable in the Vaginal Fluid of Women With Severe COVID-19 Infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13982 doi: 10.1111/dth.13982 id: cord-254497-8bhahzys author: Abdelnabi, Mahmoud title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Myocarditis: Insights into Pathophysiology and Management date: 2020-06-17 words: 647.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254497-8bhahzys.txt summary: The current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) position statement recommends treating patients with acute myocarditis complicated by cardiogenic shock with inotropes and/or vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. 6 Moreover, a systematic review of IV immunoglobulins as acute myocarditis therapy showed insufficient evidence to support their routine use. reported the successful treatment of a patient with COVID-19 presenting with fulminant myocarditis, ARDS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using ventilatory support, high-flow oxygen, lopinavir-ritonavir antiviral therapy, interferon alpha-1b, methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin and ECMO with gradual improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). described successful management of fulminant myocarditis using methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, inotropes and diuretics with gradual improvement of LVEF and cardiac biomarkers over several weeks. In general, the use of corticosteroids and IV immunoglobulins are not supported by the guidelines for the management of acute myocarditis. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: The world is dealing with a global pandemic of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, is overwhelming healthcare systems around the world. Although the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, several reports have noted myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and cardiac arrests as COVID-19 complications. Here, the authors highlight the current understanding of the pathophysiology of myocarditis related to COVID-19 and its management. url: https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2020.16 doi: 10.15420/ecr.2020.16 id: cord-309751-7elnvjk3 author: Abdelnasser, Mohammad Kamal title: COVID-19. An update for orthopedic surgeons date: 2020-07-01 words: 5222.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309751-7elnvjk3.txt summary: The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Relevant information was digested and organized under 5 main headings; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, perioperative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. Guidelines for ambulatory surgery centers for the care of surgically necessary/time-sensitive orthopaedic cases during the COVID-19 pandemic Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopedic patients: Operating rooms protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our world in a short period of time, and the orthopedic surgery practice was not an exclusion. Elective care was deferred in most health care facilities and emergency care was continued with strict precautions. With rapid progression of the pandemic, the response of the medical community is also rapidly changing in all aspects of delivering care. This led to a large number of publications with reports, guidelines, measures, ways to react to the crisis, and post-pandemic predictions and speculations. In this review we aimed at summarizing all the relevant information to the orthopedic surgery community. To do this, a comprehensive search was performed with all related terms on two scientific search engines, PubMed and SCOPUS, and the results were filtered by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The result was 72 articles that were further reduced to 33 articles after full text reading. The resultant information was organized under 5 main headings; the impact of pandemic on the orthopedic practice, COVID-19 and the trauma patient, elective and emergency surgeries during the pandemic, peri-operative management of the patient with COVID-19, Miscellaneous effects of the pandemic such as those on training programs and the evolution of telemedicine. This review represents the most up to date information published in the literature that is a must-know to every orthopedic surgeon. url: https://doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2020022 doi: 10.1051/sicotj/2020022 id: cord-335640-5qwoe4x6 author: Abdi, Seifollah title: COVID-19 sends STEMI to quarantine!? date: 2020-05-20 words: 578.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335640-5qwoe4x6.txt summary: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), termed "novel COVID-19", emerged in China and was considered a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 [1] . In Iran, 24/7 primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the standard treatment strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] was launched in September 2015 to achieve a fair distribution of healthcare resources. Currently, 49 general and heart hospitals provide these services, with 48 915 patients having undergone primary PCI thus far. According to recent reports [8] [9] [10] , the number of patients undergoing primary PCI and acute coronary syndrome admissions have also dropped significantly in other countries. Relation of lowering door-to-balloon time and mortality in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436055/ doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01664-3 id: cord-337302-fpz2jfuj author: Abdihamid, Omar title: The Landscape of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: Prevalence, Impacts, and Recommendations date: 2020-09-23 words: 5958.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337302-fpz2jfuj.txt summary: 21 Similar to cases seen during the MERS-outbreak where having cancer was identified as a risk factor for MERS-CoV mortality, the COVID-19 pandemic also poses threats to cancer patients. 23 In one of the early data by Yu et al published in JAMA Oncology, the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients from Wuhan, China, was at 0.79% (12 of 1524 patients; 95% CI, 0.31.2%). 15 In a retrospective cohort study of 28 COVID-19infected cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from three hospitals in China, a total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe outcomes with a mortality rate of 28.6%. Patients'' age, tumor type, underlying comorbidities, stage of the disease, and treatment type all affect the risk and outcomes of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: Cancer patients are susceptible groups to COVID-19, and risk-adjusted models show that most cancer patients have a 25–39% mortality risk if infected with COVID-19. The infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients in China was 0.79% (12 of 1524 patients; 95% CI, 0.31.2%). The case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the overall population ranges from 2.3 to 8.0%; among these, the case fatality rate for cancer patients is at 5.6%. In a retrospective cohort study of 28 COVID-19-infected cancer patients, a total of 15 (53.6%) patients had severe outcomes with a mortality rate of 28.6%. In a pooled analysis by Aakash et al, a 2% cancer prevalence was found among admitted patients with COVID-19. In Italy, a report shows that among the 3200 patients who died of SARS-CoV-2, 19.4% were patients with cancer. In New York, 61 (28%) cancer patients succumbed to COVID-19 with a case fatality rate of 37% (20/54) and 25% (41/164) for hematologic and solid malignancies, respectively. Impacts of COVID-19 in cancer care include interruptions of life-saving therapies, distraction effects, and diagnostic overshadowing that involve diverting attention to the pandemic rather than to cancer patients and disruptions of primary palliative care to patients due to forced quarantine. Herein, we review the landscape of COVID-19 in cancer care. We also briefly share our experience and the measures in place to protect cancer patients against COVID-19 in our center. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/cmar.s272008 doi: 10.2147/cmar.s272008 id: cord-315006-w2wsaan5 author: Abdoli, Amir title: Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-27 words: 543.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315006-w2wsaan5.txt summary: Furthermore, strange methods, including the application of sesame oil into the body, granite baths, and smoking harmala have been recommended for the prevention of COVID-19. 4 Exaggerated information about the case fatality rate and pandemic estimates is another challenge of this crisis hinted at in social media. 5 Gossip and rumors are not only diminishing the mental health status, 6 but also may be interfering with the processes of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, planning strategies for coping with fake news during this crisis should be considered by the government and the health authorities. Also, it is recommended that health authorities be more active in social media, especially during the outbreak of diseases to disseminate accurate information and factual news. COVID-19 rumors spread like a virus in Japan. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak Gossip, Rumors, and the COVID-19 Crisis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.272 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.272 id: cord-342580-re7yqm1c author: Abdou, Hossam title: A Cautionary Tale of an Emergency Cerebrovascular Procedure in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-02 words: 1007.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342580-re7yqm1c.txt summary: Fortunately, she did not have lasting deficits, but this highlights the potential of current policies to lead to complications and the need to improve policies to minimize harm. Hospitals all over the world have adopted intubation precautions 4 including minimizing staff in the room, donning appropriate personal protective equipment 5 (PPE) -typically powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs), using rapid sequence intubation 6 (RSI), and using video laryngoscopy [1] [2] [3] . Extubation protocol called for all staff to 12 leave the operating room except for the anesthetist who donned a PAPR during the procedure, 13 but this left the anesthetist without equipment or assistance when the emergency presented. Institutional policy 16 also required the use of PAPRs and video laryngoscopy during intubation and a limited supply of 17 this equipment meant that they were not immediately available. It is also important to highlight that this complication occurred in a patient that was not 14 suspected to be COVID-19 positive. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted system processes with airway management being significantly affected. A 37-year old female diagnosed with stroke was found to have a filling defect at the origin of the right internal carotid artery. She was taken to the operating room urgently for carotid endarterectomy. The procedure was uneventful; however, she developed anaphylaxis upon extubation subsequently attributed to Sugammadex. Institutional policies and limited resources resulted in delayed reintubation. Fortunately, she did not have lasting deficits, but this highlights the potential of current policies to lead to complications and the need to improve policies to minimize harm. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468428720301441 doi: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.08.023 id: cord-300541-5wea9w32 author: Abdoul-Azize, Hamidou Taffa title: Social Protection as a Key Tool in Crisis Management: Learnt Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 words: 3891.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300541-5wea9w32.txt summary: In this context, ILO (2020) and Hallegatte and Hammer (2020) mentioned that the SPP are executed new social protection schemes to support the poor and vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2020c) highlighted that over the world, around 195 countries implemented various SPP such as safety net, finance, social insurance, and labor market to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. To access to the primary literature related to SPP executed in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, search terms (social protection, social protection programs, COVID-19 pandemic, social assistance, pandemic crises, social insurance, cash & inkind transfers, vulnerable groups, mitigation, pandemic crisis, COVID-19 breakout/coping strategy, crisis management, middle and high-income countries) have been used through WOS, Google scholar, ILO, World Bank, and WHO web sites. These programs include employment protection measures, cash and in-kind transfers, social insurance to the poor, vulnerable groups, firms, and companies to enhance their resilience to cope with the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Worldwide, the social protection programs have become a key tool for policymakers. These programs are executed to achieve multiple objectives such as fighting poverty and hunger, and increasing the resilience of the poor and vulnerable groups towards various shocks. Recently, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries started to implement social protection programs to eliminate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and enhance community resilience. This study aims to explore the current implementation of social protection programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the most affected countries as well as to provide learned lessons from countries that had not previously considered implementing social protection programs up until the COVID-19 crisis. This review was carried out by searching through WOS, Google Scholar, ILO, World Bank reports, and Aljazeera Television. The search was conducted over literature and systematic reviews on the implementation of social protection programs during previous pandemic crises and especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that social protection programs become a flexible and strategic tool to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategy amongst the countries in executing the social protection programs to respond to COVID-19. Finally, the study concluded with some learned lessons and implications for the practitioners and policymakers in managing future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904786/ doi: 10.1007/s40609-020-00190-4 id: cord-313518-8a6y1qsf author: Abdul-Baki, Mohammad-Nasan title: The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 803.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313518-8a6y1qsf.txt summary: title: The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19 METHODS: We reviewed an example of an organization named Syrian Researchers, which publishes based-on-reliable-sources of scientific content and has massive reachability across Middle East and beyond. RESULTS: We strongly believe that this model is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of health-related disasters. The role of non-governmental scientific initiatives in the Middle East was proven, as some of them showed their attractivity in societies which mostly lack public non-political unbiased scientific platforms that may fill the gap between original scientific sources and a non-English speaking population. We believe that the experience of Syrian Researchers is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of healthrelated disasters. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, social media platforms have shown effectiveness in information dissemination. Delivering evidence-based medical knowledge and trustworthy recommendations is a difficult mission for classical entities, especially in a war-torn country with a fragile health system. In this context, the role of non-governmental scientific organizations was proven, filling the gap between original scientific sources and a non-English speaking population. METHODS: We reviewed an example of an organization named Syrian Researchers, which publishes based-on-reliable-sources of scientific content and has massive reachability across Middle East and beyond. RESULTS: We strongly believe that this model is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of health-related disasters. CONCLUSIONS: This subject is of high importance and we believe that this approach may ameliorate public health knowledge, thus, participate in defying the COVID-19 consequences. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa075 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa075 id: cord-034436-yhb8m1si author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date: 2020-07-04 words: 3994.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt summary: We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. The present study showed that the crude infection rate by COVID-19 has been increased by raising consuming fruits, calcium and decreased with increasing consuming beans and legumes. Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor dietary habits are considered to be the second-leading risk factors for mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the world. Dietary patterns are different based on cultural, environmental, technological, and economic factors. Nutritional deficiencies of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients have been shown to contribute to depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. The countries that had Coronavirus disease statistics from the WHO were consecutively checked for the recent data of the dietary factors. SETTING: World. PARTICIPANTS: 158 countries across the world. MEASUREMENTS: infection and mortality rates of COVID-19; dietary factors. RESULTS: The median crude infection and mortality rates by COVID-19 were 87.78 (IQR: 468.03) and 0.0015 (IQR: 0.0059), respectively. The two highest percentage of the crude infection rate were between 0 and 500 (75.9%) and 500–1000 (8.9%) per one million persons. The regression analysis showed that the crude infection rate has been increased by raising consuming fruits (Beta: 0.237; P=0.006) and calcium (Beta: 0.286; P=0.007) and was decreased with rising consuming beans and legumes (Beta: −0.145; P=0.038). The analysis showed that the crude mortality rate was increased by raising consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (Beta: 0.340; P<0.001). Whereas, the crude mortality rate by COVID-19 has been decreased by increasing fruits consuming (Beta: −0.226; P=0.047) and beans and legumes (Beta: −0.176; P=0.046). CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the higher intake of beans and legumes had a negative effect on both increasing infection and mortality rates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597421/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1512-3 id: cord-258145-usr7b6dk author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date: 2020-07-04 words: 3994.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt summary: We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. The present study showed that the crude infection rate by COVID-19 has been increased by raising consuming fruits, calcium and decreased with increasing consuming beans and legumes. Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor dietary habits are considered to be the second-leading risk factors for mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in the world. Dietary patterns are different based on cultural, environmental, technological, and economic factors. Nutritional deficiencies of energy, protein, and specific micronutrients have been shown to contribute to depressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infections. We aimed to explore the relation of dietary factors with global infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in this study. DESIGN: In the current ecological study, the countries that had national dietary data from the Global Dietary Databases of the United Nations and Coronavirus disease statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) were included. The countries that had Coronavirus disease statistics from the WHO were consecutively checked for the recent data of the dietary factors. SETTING: World. PARTICIPANTS: 158 countries across the world. MEASUREMENTS: infection and mortality rates of COVID-19; dietary factors. RESULTS: The median crude infection and mortality rates by COVID-19 were 87.78 (IQR: 468.03) and 0.0015 (IQR: 0.0059), respectively. The two highest percentage of the crude infection rate were between 0 and 500 (75.9%) and 500–1000 (8.9%) per one million persons. The regression analysis showed that the crude infection rate has been increased by raising consuming fruits (Beta: 0.237; P=0.006) and calcium (Beta: 0.286; P=0.007) and was decreased with rising consuming beans and legumes (Beta: −0.145; P=0.038). The analysis showed that the crude mortality rate was increased by raising consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (Beta: 0.340; P<0.001). Whereas, the crude mortality rate by COVID-19 has been decreased by increasing fruits consuming (Beta: −0.226; P=0.047) and beans and legumes (Beta: −0.176; P=0.046). CONCLUSION: The present study showed the higher intake of fruits and sugar-sweetened beverages had a positive effect on infection and mortally rates by COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the higher intake of beans and legumes had a negative effect on both increasing infection and mortality rates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33155630/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1434-0 id: cord-031061-48xwfr9i author: Abdullah, Abdullah title: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 date: 2020-08-16 words: 2530.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031061-48xwfr9i.txt summary: title: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 The convalescent sera of the recovered COVID-19 patients are containing antiviral neutralizing antibodies and is used therapeutically for infected individuals by SARS-CoV-2 and for the purpose of prophylaxis in exposed individuals. Three SARS-CoV-1 infected patients were treated with 500ml of convalescent sera, the reduction in viral titer and mortality were recorded (39) . Three MERS infected patients were also treated with Convalescent or Passive antibody therapy, two of them produce nAbs and remaining one not (40) , this study highlights the limitation in using of convalescent sera it means that the recovered individual may not have enough titer of nAbs (41) . The available information on the use of convalescent sera or passive immunization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that early administration of convalescent serum reduces viral abundance and was found safe. abstract: The whole world is confronting the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately there is no vaccine to prevent from novel coronavirus infection. Beside several experimental drugs, the strong immune responses and convalescent sera are the current two potential options to tackle COVID-19 infection. Innate immune-mediated antiviral responses is initiated by the recognition of viral invasion through PAMPs. In coronavirus the pathogen associated molecular patterns are recognized by toll like receptors (TLR-3 & 7), endosomal ribonucleic acid receptors, RNA in cytosol and by pattern recognition receptor (PRR RIG-1) in the alveolar cells and site of invasion. Nuclear factor (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF3) are activated in response to above recognition episode and translocate to nucleus. These transcription factors in the nucleus initiate the expression of interferon type 1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, which leads to first line of defense at the site of viral entrance. The effectiveness of innate immune system is greatly relies on type 1 interferons and its cascade, because of their role in inhibition of viral replication and initiation of adaptive immune responses. The successful interferon type 1 response put down the viral replication and transmission at prompt point. Passive immunization is the administering of antibodies into infected patients which is taken from recovered individuals. The convalescent sera of the recovered COVID-19 patients are containing antiviral neutralizing antibodies and is used therapeutically for infected individuals by SARS-CoV-2 and for the purpose of prophylaxis in exposed individuals. The convalescent sera is found effective when administered early at the onset of symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454257/ doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa019 id: cord-313237-ai39ny9y author: Abdullah, Jafri Malin title: A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond date: 2020-04-10 words: 2432.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313237-ai39ny9y.txt summary: As of 26 March 2020, 171 countries have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 or known as COVID-19 pandemic with 467,866 infected patients and 20,845 deaths, representing a 4.5% mortality rate (1) . Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, including Malaysia, have not been spared from COVID-19, although there have been fluctuations in the rate of infection demonstrated in the number of new cases and deaths reported in March 2020 (Table 1) (2). Movement restriction is critical to battle the pandemic within healthcare system capacity (15) Special Editorial | COVID-19 in Malaysia and beyond technology drivers of the present and the future to prevent and manage future epidemics and pandemics ( Figure 5 ). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China abstract: When the first report of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the world unknowingly perceived this as another flu-like illness. Many were surprised at the extreme steps that China had subsequently taken to seal Wuhan from the rest of the world. However, by February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, had spread so quickly across the globe that the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is not the first pandemic the world has seen, so what makes it so unique in Malaysia, is discussed to avoid a future coronacoma. url: https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.1 doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.2.1 id: cord-291724-bwiyp73e author: Abdulmajeed, Kabir title: ONLINE FORECASTING OF COVID-19 CASES IN NIGERIA USING LIMITED DATA date: 2020-05-08 words: 1920.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291724-bwiyp73e.txt summary: Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble algorithm presents lower and upper bounds for the total number of possible COVID-19 cases for the next day. Sample code to mine real-time COVID-19 cases in Nigeria as a Pandas data frame or Excel file has been provided in the repository. Table 4 highlights the relative strength and weaknesses of the models individually and finally; Fig. 5 presents a visual comparison of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria vs South Africa for analyzing policy impact. The objective is to establish the lower and upper bounds on the possible number of COVID-19 cases per day using a framework that automatically streams web data in real-time from reliable sources. abstract: The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 but later spread to other parts of the world. The disease as at the point of writing this paper has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, big data, and similar methodologies are potential tools to predict the extent of the spread and effectiveness of containment strategies to stem the transmission of this disease. In societies with constrained data infrastructures, modeling and forecasting COVID-19 becomes an extremely difficult endeavor. Nonetheless, we propose an online forecasting mechanism that streams data from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control to update the parameters of an ensemble model which in turn provides updated COVID-19 forecasts every 24 hours. The ensemble combines an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), Prophet - an additive regression model developed by Facebook, and a Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing model combined with Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH). The outcomes of these efforts are expected to provide academic thrust in guiding the policymakers in the deployment of containment strategies and/or assessment of containment interventions in stemming the spread of the disease in Nigeria url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920305771?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105683 id: cord-335425-0wga3ch2 author: Abdulsalam, Mohammad A. title: Generalized Status Epilepticus as a Possible Manifestation of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 717.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335425-0wga3ch2.txt summary: He had no past medical history (no chronic diseases or medication) or any symptoms of COVID‐19; however, his brother reported that his roomate was diagnosed with COVID‐19 one day prior and went to a protective isolation institution. He had no past medical history (no chronic diseases or medication) or any symptoms of COVID-19; however, his brother reported that his roomate was diagnosed with COVID-19 one day prior and went to a protective isolation institution. We report a case of generalized status epilepticus as a possible initial manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Even though status epilepticus without a prior history of seizure or epilepsy is rare, different neurological manifestations, including seizures, are increasingly being documented with COVID-19 infection [1, 2] . De Novo Status Epilepticus in patients with COVID-19 Non-lesional status epilepticus in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: A case report abstract: We present a 32‐year‐old male who brought to the emergency department with generalized convulsions. He was found by his brother and rushed to the hospital 40 minutes earlier having continuous tonic‐clonic seizures. He had no past medical history (no chronic diseases or medication) or any symptoms of COVID‐19; however, his brother reported that his roomate was diagnosed with COVID‐19 one day prior and went to a protective isolation institution. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779768/ doi: 10.1111/ane.13321 id: cord-350498-jwweg06f author: Abebe, Ayele title: Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-24 words: 3721.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350498-jwweg06f.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness on clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 and factors affecting it in the North Shoa zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020. The types of profession (AOR=6.9, 95% CI=1.6–29.8) and level of a profession (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.4–4.4) of the profession, availability of television at home (AOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1, 3.9) and hearing of the emerging diseases in the past (AOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.5–5) were factors that determine the awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological spectrum. So, this study was aimed to assess the level of awareness (clinical and epidemiological spectrum) and factors related to it among health care professionals, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out to identify the level of awareness (clinical and epidemiological spectrum) of COVID-19 and factors affecting it among health professionals at governmental public health hospitals in the North Shoa zone, Ethiopia. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-COV2. The main way of transmission is from person to person through droplet nuclei. In this time, this disease has no treatment and vaccination. Hence, the WHO recommends countries to work intensively on prevention and control measures. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness on clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 and factors affecting it in the North Shoa zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 and associated factors affecting it before and during index case. A total of 384 participants selected from 10 hospitals participated in this study. The data were entered and coded using EPI-INFO version 3.5.4 and then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were computed. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were taken as predictor variables. RESULTS: A total of 384 respondents with a response rate of 91% participated in this study. The proportion of participants with an awareness of COVID-19 was 305 (79.4%). The types of profession (AOR=6.9, 95% CI=1.6–29.8) and level of a profession (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.4–4.4) of the profession, availability of television at home (AOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1, 3.9) and hearing of the emerging diseases in the past (AOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.5–5) were factors that determine the awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological spectrum. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The level of the health professional’s awareness on the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 was promising. There is a need for a coordinated effort from stakeholders and health professionals to increase awareness. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s268033 doi: 10.2147/idr.s268033 id: cord-336870-nirg3269 author: Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol title: The newly emerged COVID-19 disease: a systemic review date: 2020-07-08 words: 4157.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336870-nirg3269.txt summary: The novel COVID-19 infection, caused by a beta coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, is a new outbreak that has been emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. i. If a patient with a severe acute respiratory infection (fever, cough, and requiring admission to hospital), and with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation and a history of travel to or residence in a country/area or territory reporting local transmission during the 14 days prior to symptom onset, OR ii. It is caused by a novel beta-coronavirus, resulting from genetic recombination, called SARS-CoV-2, The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and dyspnea. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Coronaviruses are large family-RNA viruses that belong to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, subfamily Coronavirinae. The novel COVID-19 infection, caused by a beta coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, is a new outbreak that has been emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and dyspnea. As per the March 12, 2020, WHO report, more than 125,048 confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 4613 deaths have been identified in more than 117 countries. It is now regarded as a pandemic that seriously spread and attack the world. The primary means of transmission is person to person through droplets that occurred during coughing or sneezing, through personal contact (shaking hands), or by touching contaminated objects. So far, there is no effective therapy and vaccine available against this novel virus and therefore, only supportive care is used as the mainstay of management of patients with COVID-19. The mortality rate of COVID-19 is considerable. This work aimed to provide insight on the newly emerged COVID-19, in the hope to gain a better understanding on the general overview, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes as well as the prevention and control of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32641059/ doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01363-5 id: cord-331273-1fixwxuo author: Abejón González, David title: How to restart the interventional activity in the COVID‐19 era. The experience of a private Pain Unit in Spain date: 2020-09-23 words: 4435.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331273-1fixwxuo.txt summary: The objective of this review is to evaluate how to manage activity in pain units, considering the scenario generated by the pandemic and the implications of chronic pain on the immune system and proposed pharmacological and interventional therapies. The current crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the reorganization of the health systems and the cancellation of surgical procedures to facilitate the treatment of patients in the critical units (7, 8) . Meanwhile, we also seek to provide an orientation for pain physicians on how to effectively reestablish the activity in pain units, from restarting on-site appointments to more advanced treatments, with the aim of improving the attention dedicated to people affected by chronic disease and pain, while minimising the risk of COVID-19 exposure. In the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, we must agree on the recommendations that guarantee the safety and maintains health care for chronic pain patients. abstract: The situation generated in the health system by the COVID‐19 pandemic has provoked a crisis involving the necessity to cancel non‐urgent and oncologic activity in the operating room and in day‐to‐day practice. As the situation continues, the need to reinstate attention for chronic pain patients grows. The restoration of this activity has to begin with on‐site appointments and possible surgical procedures. On‐site clinical activity has to guarantee the safety of patients and health workers. The objective of this review is to evaluate how to manage activity in pain units, considering the scenario generated by the pandemic and the implications of chronic pain on the immune system and proposed pharmacological and interventional therapies. Besides the established general recommendations (physical distance, surgical masks, gloves, etc.), we established specific recommendations that will allow patient treatment and relieve the disruption of the immune response. It is important to highlight the use of opioids with the least influence in the immune system. Further, individualised corticoid use, risk assessment, reduced immune suppression, and dose adjustment should take patient needs into account. In this scenario, we highlight the use of radiofrequency and neuromodulation therapies, techniques that do not interfere with the immune response. We describe procedures to implement these recommendations for individual clinical situations, the therapeutic possibilities and safety guidelines for each centre, and government recommendations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12951 doi: 10.1111/papr.12951 id: cord-324856-hf969tav author: Abir, Tanvir title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys date: 2020-07-21 words: 4144.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324856-hf969tav.txt summary: title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys Since the sheer illness of the whole country is sufficient to destroy the health care system, this current study is to examine changes of individual perception of risk for contracting SARS-Cov-2, and the awareness level in Bangladesh during the early and late lockdowns implemented by the government of Bangladesh. In this study, males who were worried about contracting SARS-Cov-2 were more likely to perceive themselves as being at high risk of contracting the infection, as well as those who did not quarantine themselves or only did so at the request of the public health officers. Moreover, in India, it was found that a higher level of knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with the high-risk perception of contracting the infection during the consistent lockdown period [28] . abstract: This study investigated the perception and awareness of risk among adult participants in Bangladesh about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the lockdown era in Bangladesh at two different time points, from 26−31 March 2020 (early lockdown) and 11−16 May 2020 (late lockdown), two self-administered online surveys were conducted on 1005 respondents (322 and 683 participants, respectively) via social media. To examine risk perception and knowledge-related factors towards COVID-19, univariate and multiple linear regression models were employed. Scores of mean knowledge (8.4 vs. 8.1, p = 0.022) and perception of risk (11.2 vs. 10.6, p < 0.001) differed significantly between early and late lockdown. There was a significant decrease in perceived risk scores for contracting SARS-Cov-2 [β = −0.85, 95%CI: −1.31, −0.39], while knowledge about SARS-Cov-2 decreased insignificantly [β = −0.22, 95%CI: −0.46, 0.03] in late lockdown compared with early lockdown period. Self-quarantine was a common factor linked to increased perceived risks and knowledge of SARS-Cov-2 during the lockdown period. Any effort to increase public awareness and comprehension of SARS-Cov-2 in Bangladesh will then offer preference to males, who did not practice self-quarantine and are less worried about the propagation of this kind of virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708161/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145252 id: cord-301530-l7homdjj author: Abobaker, Anis title: Reply: Iron chelation may harm patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 757.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301530-l7homdjj.txt summary: One of the possible explanations of this observation is inflammation induced by COVID-19 infection which increases the hepcidin level, the main regulator of tissue iron store, as discussed by Garrick and Ghio [2] . Moreover, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein has hepcidin-like action, which means that the virus can directly increase ferritin level regardless of the inflammatory effect [1] . I agree with Garrick and Ghio that the release of free iron secondary to interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and haemoglobin molecule as an explanation of high ferritin level in COVID-19 remains a theoretical possibility, and it has not been practically confirmed as yet. Interestingly, it is stated that one of the additional pharmacological effects of deferoxamine is downregulation of hepcidin [1] Iron-containing enzymes are required for viral replication, including coronavirus [6] . High intracellular iron level increases expression and enzymatic activity of aconitase protein [7] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-020-02988-9 doi: 10.1007/s00228-020-02988-9 id: cord-326632-botshfa1 author: Abolfotouh, Mostafa A. title: Perception and attitude of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19 pandemic and potential associated predictors date: 2020-09-29 words: 4135.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326632-botshfa1.txt summary: METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, HCWs at three tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were surveyed via email with an anonymous link, by a concern scale about Covid-19 pandemic during 15–30 April, 2020. Predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of Saudi nationality (p < 0.001), younger age (p = 0.003), undergraduate education (p = 0.044), living with others (p = 0.003) working in the western region (p = 0.003) and direct contact with patients (p = 0.018). In multiple regression analysis ( Table 4) , predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of younger age (p = 0.003), Saudi nationality (p < 0.001), undergraduate education (p = 0.044), and those working in the western region (p = 0.003), living with others (p = 0.003) and in direct contact with patients (p = 0.018). abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) face considerable mental and physical stress caring for patients with Covid-19. They are at higher risk of acquiring and transmitting this virus. This study aims to assess perception and attitude of HCWs in Saudi Arabia with regard to Covid-19, and to identify potential associated predictors. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, HCWs at three tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were surveyed via email with an anonymous link, by a concern scale about Covid-19 pandemic during 15–30 April, 2020. Concerns of disease severity, governmental efforts to contain it and disease outcomes were assessed using 32 concern statements in five distinct domains. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of high concern scores. RESULTS: A total of 844 HCW responded to the survey. Their average age was 40.4 ± 9.5 years, 40.3% were nurses, 58.2% had direct patient contact, and 77.3% were living with others. The majority of participants (72.1%) had overall concern scores of 55 or less out of a maximum score of 96 points, with an overall mean score of 48.5 ± 12.8 reflecting moderate level of concern. Three-fourth of respondents felt at risk of contracting Covid-19 infection at work, 69.1% felt threatened if a colleague contracted Covid-19, 69.9% felt obliged to care for patients infected with Covid-19 while 27.7% did not feel safe at work using the standard precautions available. Nearly all HCWs believed that the government should isolate patients with Covid-19 in specialized hospitals (92.9%), agreed with travel restriction to and/or from areas affected by Covid-19 (94.7%) and felt safe the government implemented curfew and movement restriction periods (93.6%). Predictors of high concern scores were; HCWs of Saudi nationality (p < 0.001), younger age (p = 0.003), undergraduate education (p = 0.044), living with others (p = 0.003) working in the western region (p = 0.003) and direct contact with patients (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the high concern among HCWs about Covid-19 and identifies the predictors of those with highest concern levels. To minimize the potential negative impact of those concerns on the performance of HCWs during pandemics, measures are necessary to enhance their protection and to minimize the psychological effect of the perceived risk of infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05443-3 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05443-3 id: cord-312986-nz8uc7sl author: Abou-Abbas, Linda title: Knowledge and practice of physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Lebanon date: 2020-09-29 words: 3797.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312986-nz8uc7sl.txt summary: Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). Core dimensions and items content of these two domains were identified through a review of the published literature on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) [9] [10] [11] [12] in addition to the most recent available information on COVID-19 from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites up to 25th March 2020. However, a poor level of knowledge was clearly shown in response to the questions regarding the transmission of the disease (31.5%), similarly for the actions when dealing with COVID-19 cases (37.3%) and precautionary measures by health care providers (42.2%). abstract: BACKGROUND: As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to evolve, physicians must be equipped with adequate knowledge, skills on the prevention measures, and confidence in diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is of great interest to assess the knowledge and practices of Physicians to identify existing gaps and improve occupational safety and viral surveillance. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between 28th March and 11th April 2020. Data was collected through an online survey that included information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice, physicians fear towards COVID-19 as well as their perceptions regarding actions/policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and their health care facilities. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with good knowledge of COVID-19 and good practice toward its prevention. Adjusted odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS: Our survey revealed that the majority of Lebanese physicians had good knowledge about the disease (89.5%) while approximately half of the respondents adopted good preventive practices (49.7%). The odds of having good knowledge was 2.16 times higher among physicians aged 40 and above (adjusted OR = 2.16 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.08 to 4.34) compared to their counterparts aged less than 40 years old. Our results also showed that the odds of good practice was 2 times higher among frontline compared to the second line workers (adjusted OR = 2.01 with 95% CI of 1.21 to 3.34). Physicians with an experience of 10 years and above were 3.35 times more likely to have good practice compared to their counterparts (adjusted OR = 3.35 with 95% CI of 1.60 to 7.02). Finally, participants with good knowledge of COVID-19 were 2.04 times more likely to have a good practice (OR = 2.04 with 95% CI of 1.01 to 4.12). CONCLUSION: Lebanese physicians revealed a good level of knowledge; however, they had limited comprehension of the precautionary measures that protect them from this virus. Our findings have important implications for the development of strategies suitable for improving the level of practice among physicians and enhance prevention programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993603/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09585-6 id: cord-284398-rhfwbyav author: Aboubakr, Hamada A. title: Stability of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses in the environment and on common touch surfaces and the influence of climatic conditions: A review date: 2020-07-14 words: 6425.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284398-rhfwbyav.txt summary: In another study, aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 retained its infectivity for a period of 16h at room temperature and the authors concluded that the virus can be considered as an airborne pathogen (Fears et al., 2020 and was infectious after 72 hr of aerosolization (Ijaz, Brunner, Sattar, Nair, & Johnson-Lussenburg, 1985) . In the first study, SARS-CoV-2 retained its infectivity for 4 days but was completely decayed after 7 days on plastic surface at room temperature and 65% RH (Chin et al., 2020) . Although this study reported longer virus survival, it has been shown that the survivability of SARS-CoV-1 on plastic surface is drastically affected by increases in temperature and RH as described below. In another study, a this virus with a higher initial load (5.5 log TCID 50 ) retained its infectivity for 4 days and was completely inactivated after 7 days on stainless steel at room temperature and RH of 65% (Chin et al., 2020) . abstract: Although the unprecedented efforts the world has been taking to control the spread of the human coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and its causative aetiology [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)], the number of confirmed cases has been increasing drastically. Therefore, there is an urgent need for devising more efficient preventive measures, to limit the spread of the infection until an effective treatment or vaccine is available. The preventive measures depend mainly on the understanding of the transmission routes of this virus, its environmental stability, and its persistence on common touch surfaces. Due to the very limited knowledge about SARS‐CoV‐2, we can speculate its stability in the light of previous studies conducted on other human and animal coronaviruses. In this review, we present the available data on the stability of coronaviruses (CoVs), including SARS‐CoV‐2, from previous reports to help understand its environmental survival. According to available data, possible airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been suggested. SARS‐CoV‐2 and other human and animal CoVs have remarkably short persistence on copper, latex and surfaces with low porosity as compared to other surfaces like stainless steel, plastics, glass and highly porous fabrics. It has also been reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with diarrhoea and that it is shed in the faeces of COVID‐19 patients. Some CoVs show persistence in human excrement, sewage and waters for a few days. These findings suggest a possible risk of faecal–oral, foodborne and waterborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in developing countries that often use sewage‐polluted waters in irrigation and have poor water treatment systems. CoVs survive longer in the environment at lower temperatures and lower relative humidity. It has been suggested that large numbers of COVID‐19 cases are associated with cold and dry climates in temperate regions of the world and that seasonality of the virus spread is suspected. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13707 doi: 10.1111/tbed.13707 id: cord-309571-a0xu1d56 author: Aboughdir, Maryam title: Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-11 words: 5690.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309571-a0xu1d56.txt summary: With intensive care units operating at maximum capacity and such staggering mortality rates reported, it is imperative during this time-sensitive COVID-19 outbreak to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and/or myocardial injury. found that myocardial injury, defined by raised serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, in COVID-19 patients was associated with over 50% mortality rate [12] . In the study by Wang et al., 36 out of 138 (26.1%) COVID-19 patients were admitted to the ICU with severe symptoms, all of whom had significantly elevated serum cTnI and CK-MB levels (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to non-ICU patients [11] . cTnI provides remarkable prognostic value for patients at increased risk of worsening outcomes and in-hospital mortality, though studies have also shown the association of raised CK-MB and BNP levels with more severe symptoms of COVID-19. abstract: In early December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China. As of May 10th, 2020, a total of over 4 million COVID-19 cases and 280,000 deaths have been reported globally, reflecting the raised infectivity and severity of this virus. Amongst hospitalised COVID-19 patients, there is a high prevalence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence showing that COVID-19 may exacerbate cardiovascular risk factors and preexisting CVD or may lead to cardiovascular complications. With intensive care units operating at maximum capacity and such staggering mortality rates reported, it is imperative during this time-sensitive COVID-19 outbreak to identify patients with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and/or myocardial injury. Preliminary findings from COVID-19 studies have shown the association of biomarkers of acute cardiac injury and coagulation with worse prognosis. While these biomarkers are recognised for CVD, there is emerging prospect that they may aid prognosis in COVID-19, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities or risk factors that predispose to worse outcomes. Consequently, the aim of this review is to identify cardiovascular prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 and to highlight considerations for incorporating laboratory testing of biomarkers of cardiovascular performance in COVID-19 to optimise outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12050527 doi: 10.3390/v12050527 id: cord-340687-99ad1rwq author: Abourida, Yassamine title: Management of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-07-27 words: 2527.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340687-99ad1rwq.txt summary: The scarcity of data concerning pregnant patients gravely infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes their management difficult, as most of the reported cases in the literature present mild pneumonia symptoms. Herein, we outline a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a pregnant woman abruptly rupturing her membranes and undergoing cesarean delivery. Herein, we report the case of a healthy parturient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in her third trimester, whose condition deteriorated leading to premature rupture of membranes, a premature birth via a caesarian delivery, and neonatal death. It is noteworthy that recent reports highlighted elevated SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (IgM and IgG) and abnormal cytokine test results 2 hours after birth in a neonate born to a mother with COVID-19 via a caesarian delivery, whereas RT-PCR tests on nasopharyngeal swabs taken were negative [20] . Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn abstract: The scarcity of data concerning pregnant patients gravely infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) makes their management difficult, as most of the reported cases in the literature present mild pneumonia symptoms. The core problem is laying out evidence on coronavirus's implications on pregnancy and delivery, as well as vertical transmission and neonatal mortality. A healthy 30-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 6, para 4, at 31 weeks of gestation, presented severe pneumonia symptoms promptly complicated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM). A nasopharyngeal swab returned positive for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). The parturient underwent a cesarean delivery. This paper is an attempt to outline management of the critical condition of COVID-19 during pregnancy. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852816 doi: 10.1155/2020/8852816 id: cord-257102-5i0zxhs1 author: Abraham, Leola A. title: How COVID-19’s Disruption of the U.S. Correctional System Provides an Opportunity for Decarceration date: 2020-06-19 words: 5268.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257102-5i0zxhs1.txt summary: The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) (U.S. Congress 2020), gave the DOJ and the federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) greater authority to release high-risk prisoners to home confinement; The First Step Act (Sullivan 2018) increased the availability of compassionate release; and the Bail Reform Act (BRA) (Adair Jr. 2006) , has a pretrial release provision. In addition, U.S. Attorney General William Barr issued memorandas to the BOP that provided guidance on how the department should implement its statutory authorities to respond to the crisis, including focusing on early release to home confinement for those who met certain conditions. In the April 3, 2020 memo, Attorney General Barr directed the BOP to prioritize early release of prisoners from at least three specific federal institutions fighting major coronavirus outbreaks, and to "immediately maximize" appropriate transfers to home confinement (Barr 2020b, 4/3) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified decades of vulnerabilities, disparities, and injustices within the U.S. correctional system. The spread of the coronavirus poses a particularly serious threat to those that comprise the system, including personnel, attorneys, prisoners, their families and extends into the communities in which facilities are located. These correctional facilities and communities were especially underprepared for the sudden onset of a highly contagious virus, which has resulted in an exceedingly high number of infections among those who work and are held in the facilities. Rampant overcrowding in the U.S. correctional system, an aging population, and a population exhibiting high rates of underlying health conditions are highly likely to exacerbate the spread of this highly contagious virus. This potentially dire set of interrelated circumstances necessitates rapid decarceration measures that effectively balance public safety and public health. Unfortunately, there has been unclear guidance as well as changing and even contradictory information coming from the federal government concerning rapid measures to mitigate the spread of infection to justice system personnel and federal prisoners. In this paper we summarize the federal response and how it has impacted those responsible for implementation. Furthermore, we discuss how systemic deleterious conditions of the U.S. correctional system serve as both accelerants to as well as effects of the pandemic. We end highlighting critical issues relating to early release due to COVID-19 that will necessitate future research. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09537-1 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09537-1 id: cord-279529-m7c6270u author: Abrams, Hannah R. title: Characteristics of U.S. Nursing Homes with COVID‐19 Cases date: 2020-06-02 words: 1225.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279529-m7c6270u.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID‐19 cases in 30 states reporting individual facilities affected. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non‐chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to increased probability of having a COVID‐19 case. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non-chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to probability of having a COVID-19 case. Our finding that facilities with a high percentage of African American residents are more likely to have COVID-19 cases echoes disparities in the pandemic at large and indicates a critical health disparity to be addressed in the response to COVID-19 nursing home outbreaks. State Reporting of Cases and Deaths Due to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care Facilities. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 has been documented in a large share of nursing homes throughout the United States. This has led to high rates of mortality for residents. In order to understand how to prevent and mitigate future outbreaks, it is imperative that we understand which nursing homes are more likely to experience COVID‐19 cases. OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of nursing homes with documented COVID‐19 cases in 30 states reporting individual facilities affected. DESIGN AND SETTING: We constructed a database of nursing homes with verified COVID‐19 cases as of May 11, 2020 via correspondence with and publicly available reports from state departments of health. We linked this information to nursing home characteristics and used regression analysis to examine association between these characteristics and the likelihood of having a documented COVID‐19 case. RESULTS: Of 9,395 nursing homes in our sample, 2,949 (31.4%) had a documented COVID‐19 case. Larger facility size, urban location, greater percentage of African American residents, non‐chain status, and state were significantly (p<0.05) related to increased probability of having a COVID‐19 case. Five‐star rating, prior infection violation, Medicaid dependency, and ownership were not significantly related. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 cases in nursing homes are related to facility location and size and not traditional quality metrics such as star rating and prior infection control citations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484912/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16661 id: cord-331790-0w0pjjg1 author: Abu Jawdeh, Bassam G. title: COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Immunosuppression Management and Operational Challenges date: 2020-07-17 words: 3057.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331790-0w0pjjg1.txt summary: This review summarizes the published COVID-19 literature as it relates to outcomes and immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients. These multiple studies have elucidated that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that often manifests with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, liver injury, cardiac involvement, encephalitis, atypical stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI) in addition to endothelial cell injury and coagulopathy -the likely mediators of multi-organ involvement (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . In a 36-patient study, the median age was 60 years, 72% were male, 39% were African American and 75% received deceased-donor kidney transplants (DDKT)(9). Notably, the Columbia transplant program adopts an early steroid withdrawal strategy, however their sample was enriched with patients on prednisone maintenance (67%) which confirms the plausible role of enhanced immunosuppression as a susceptibility factor. abstract: Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, has led to the death of hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. If infected, older individuals and those with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and compromised immune systems are at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. These comorbidities are prevalent in patients with kidney disease, hence the significant burden of COVID-19 on kidney transplant programs. Multiple case series of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have shown increased mortality compared to non-transplant patients. To-date, we do not have high-level evidence to inform immunosuppression minimization strategies in infected transplant recipients. Most centers however have adopted early anti-metabolite withdrawal in addition to other interventions. This review summarizes the published COVID-19 literature as it relates to outcomes and immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients. It also discusses challenges pertaining to pre-transplant evaluation and wait-listed patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1548559520301130 doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.07.004 id: cord-287459-k9x3z2h1 author: Abu-Farha, Mohamed title: The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target date: 2020-05-17 words: 4822.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287459-k9x3z2h1.txt summary: Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Similarly, increased expression of age-dependent phospholipase A2 group IID (PLA2G2D), an enzyme that usually contributes to anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediator expression, resulted in worsened outcomes in aged mice infected with SARS-CoV, suggesting that inhibition of such factor could represent a potential therapeutic option [36] . Of high relevance to this review and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the role of lipid rafts in viral entry into the host cells. Taken together, these studies suggest a beneficial impact for statins and potentially other lipid-lowering drugs such as PCSK9 inhibitors for treatment of COVID-19, especially that of the most severely infected people which are suffering from cardiovascular disease and diabetes [55] . abstract: The current Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic has infected over two million people and resulted in the death of over one hundred thousand people at the time of writing this review. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though multiple vaccines and treatments are under development so far, the disease is only slowing down under extreme social distancing measures that are difficult to maintain. SARS-COV-2 is an enveloped virus that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer. Lipids are fundamental cell components that play various biological roles ranging from being a structural building block to a signaling molecule as well as a central energy store. The role lipids play in viral infection involves the fusion of the viral membrane to the host cell, viral replication, and viral endocytosis and exocytosis. Since lipids play a crucial function in the viral life cycle, we asked whether drugs targeting lipid metabolism, such as statins, can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In this review, we discuss the role of lipid metabolism in viral infection as well as the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism to interfere with the viral life cycle. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103544 doi: 10.3390/ijms21103544 id: cord-307497-wtfvoifb author: Abu-Raya, Bahaa title: Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia date: 2020-04-09 words: 511.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307497-wtfvoifb.txt summary: In addition, refractory COVID-19 patients were more likely to receive oxygen, mechanical ventilation, expectorant, adjunctive treatment including corticosteroids, antiviral drugs and immune enhancers when compared to general COVID-19 patients. The authors have further attempted to explore predictive factors for refractory COVID-19 using a multivariate analysis showing that male sex, anorexia on admission and being afebrile are independent risk factors for the development of a refractory disease. Furthermore, out of this analysis the authors have found that patients with refractory COVID-19 were more likely to receive oxygen, expectorant, corticosteroids, lopinavir/ritonavir and immune enhancer. In their paper, the authors compared categorical and continuous variables between the two groups of patients and these variables that differed significantly between the two groups were included in the multivariate regression analysis. In their paper, the authors included the treatment introduced at the time of patient admission and/or hospitalization in the multivariate analysis aiming to identify independent risk factors for refractory COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32271373/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa409 id: cord-338039-mxky1ai7 author: Abu-Rayash, Azzam title: Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities date: 2020-07-16 words: 3970.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338039-mxky1ai7.txt summary: title: Analysis of mobility trends during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic: Exploring the impacts on global aviation and travel in selected cities Given the impact of COVID-19, forecasted GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector for 2020is evaluated to be 93 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. Therefore, any crisis-induced changes to this sector or the mobility behavior due to COVID-19 will result in significant global implications from an energy and greenhouse gas emissions'' (GHG) perspective.  Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the global transportation demand  Assessing the energy savings and GHG emission reductions due to conserved mobility  Forecasting the transportation demand considering behavioral changes stemming from COVID-19  Investigating any long-term shifts in transport preferences due to COVID-19 GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector has been modeled for 2020 to 2023 given historical data and COVID-19 impacts. abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the transportation sector and subsequent implications on the sectoral energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions. A model for smart transportation is proposed by considering four indicators, including transport efficiency, technology integration, traffic congestion rate, and accessibility ratio. While prior health crises, such as SARS, impacted the transportation sector, the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented, resulting in exceptional impacts on this sector. Canadian Civil Aviation activities dropped by 71%, compared to business as usual, whereas military aviation activities declined by 27%. As of the end of June 2020, cities with higher than 50% mobility index include Brussels, Singapore, Stockholm, Lyon, Paris, Moscow, and Hong Kong with the highest mobility index of 76%. American cities have the lowest mobility indexes as of the end of June with mobility indexes lower than 20%. It is expected and reasonable to assume that the public’s response to COVID-19 will exceed that of SARS. While Britons and Canadians are the biggest supporters of keeping the economy and businesses shut until COVID-19 is fully contained, the Chinese, Russians, Indians, and Italians find it vital to restart the economy regardless. Results show that the majority of the world is in a state of mental distress and will face nervousness and anxiety issues post-COVID-19. This sentiment is strongest in India, Japan, China, the U.K., Brazil and Canada, ranging between 68%-78%. The trucking industry is the main contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Canadian transportation sector, accounting for more than 62% of the total emissions in 2019. Given the impact of COVID-19, forecasted GHG emissions of the Canadian transportation sector for 2020is evaluated to be 93 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101693 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101693 id: cord-252903-pg0l92zb author: Abueg, M. title: Modeling the combined effect of digital exposure notification and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington state date: 2020-09-02 words: 7326.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252903-pg0l92zb.txt summary: In this work, we use individual-based computational models to explore how digital exposure notifications can be used in conjunction with non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as traditional contact tracing and social distancing, to influence COVID-19 disease spread in a population. We use data at the county level to match the population, demographic, and occupational structure of the region, and calibrate the model with epidemiological data from Washington state and Google''s Community Mobility Reports for a time-varying infection rate ( 21 ) . Estimated total infected percentage, total deaths, and peak hospitalized under a 50% reopening scenario (an increase of 50% of the difference between pre-lockdown and post-lockdown network interactions) at various exposure notification adoption rates for King, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties, assuming no change to social distancing after the (t) β baseline and 15 manual contact tracers per 100k people. abstract: Contact tracing is increasingly being used to combat COVID-19, and digital implementations are now being deployed, many of them based on Apple and Google's Exposure Notification System. These systems are new and are based on smartphone technology that has not traditionally been used for this purpose, presenting challenges in understanding possible outcomes. In this work, we use individual-based computational models to explore how digital exposure notifications can be used in conjunction with non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as traditional contact tracing and social distancing, to influence COVID-19 disease spread in a population. Specifically, we use a representative model of the household and occupational structure of three counties in the state of Washington together with a proposed digital exposure notifications deployment to quantify impacts under a range of scenarios of adoption, compliance, and mobility. In a model in which 15% of the population participated, we found that digital exposure notification systems could reduce infections and deaths by approximately 8% and 6%, effectively complementing traditional contact tracing. We believe this can serve as guidance to health authorities in Washington state and beyond on how exposure notification systems can complement traditional public health interventions to suppress the spread of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.29.20184135v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184135 id: cord-330545-jrmott3i author: Abuzeineh, Mohammad title: Telemedicine in the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: Case Reports date: 2020-07-16 words: 3333.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330545-jrmott3i.txt summary: Herein we present reports of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 that were managed using telemedicine via synchronous video visits integrated with an electronic medical records system, from home to inpatient settings. While there is limited information about the duration of viral shedding for immunosuppressed patients, our findings underscore the importance of using telemedicine in the follow-up care for kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who have recovered from symptoms but might have persistently positive NAT tests. While there is limited information about the duration of viral shedding for immunosuppressed patients, our findings underscore the importance of using telemedicine in the follow-up care for kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who have recovered from symptoms but might have persistently positive NAT tests. Given stable vital signs but increased work of breathing, the decision was made to arrange for direct hospital admission to a dedicated COVID-19 inpatient unit, avoiding the emergency room (ER) route to reduce risk of exposure to patients, health care workers, and the public. abstract: Abstract Kidney transplant recipients who develop symptoms consistent with COVID-19 are bringing unique challenges to health care professionals. Telemedicine has surged dramatically since the pandemic in efforts to maintain patient care and reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure to patients, healthcare workers, and the public. Herein we present reports of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 that were managed using telemedicine via synchronous video visits integrated with an electronic medical records system, from home to inpatient settings. We demonstrate how telemedicine helped assess, diagnose, triage, and treat patients with COVID-19 while avoiding an emergency room or outpatient clinic visit. While there is limited information about the duration of viral shedding for immunosuppressed patients, our findings underscore the importance of using telemedicine in the follow-up care for kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who have recovered from symptoms but might have persistently positive NAT tests. Our experience emphasizes the opportunities of telemedicine in the management of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 and in the maintenance of uninterrupted follow-up care for such immunosuppressed patients with prolonged viral shedding. Telemedicine may help increase access to care for kidney transplant recipients during and beyond the pandemic as it offers a prompt, safe, and convenient platform in the delivery of care for these patients. Yet in order to advance the practice of telemedicine in the field of kidney transplantation, barriers to increasing the widespread implementation of telemedicine should be removed, and research studies to assess the effectiveness of telemedicine in the care kidney transplant recipients are needed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0041134520326294 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.009 id: cord-280932-xhz5d4ty author: Acanfora, Domenico title: Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials date: 2020-05-05 words: 823.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280932-xhz5d4ty.txt summary: 6 Moreover, post-hoc analysis from the Comparison of Sacubitril-Valsartan versus Enalapril on Effect on NT-proBNP in Patients Stabilized from an Acute Heart Failure Episode (PIONEER-HF) trial revealed a 42% relative risk reduction in the composite endpoint of death from any cause, re-hospitalization for heart failure, left ventricular assist device implantation, or listing for cardiac transplant, a 42% relative risk reduction in the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or re-hospitalization for heart failure, and a 39% relative risk reduction in re-hospitalization for heart failure after 8 weeks of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan administered early in patients stabilized during hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure. Response to: Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan) Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan): rationale for adoption in SARS-CoV-2 patients Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 Clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure randomly assigned to sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril in the PIONEER-HF Trial abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369103/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa044 id: cord-262090-nbxzyjvf author: Acharya, Arpan title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Neurological Dysfunction date: 2020-05-23 words: 3434.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262090-nbxzyjvf.txt summary: A number of neurological disease complications have been seen following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Such central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms linked to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is often life threatening. As cardio-respiratory impairments could reflect brainstem dysfunction it may, in part, be responsible for ARDS as frequently occurs as a cause of COVID-19 mortality among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (Netland et al. As the impaired ability to smell and test are a common manifestation of respiratory neurotropic viral invasion of the olfactory system, we suspect there is a possibility that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the olfactory system and may enter the CNS using the olfactory pathway. A retrospective study substantiates this, wherein, 36.4% of patients out of 214 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been documented to present with varying degree of neurological manifestations that include skeletal muscle injury, delirium and acute cerebrovascular disease (Fig. 2) . abstract: A number of neurological disease complications have been seen following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While most person with COVID-19 respiratory disease demonstrate headache, nausea and vomiting, up to 40% present also experience dizziness, confusion, cerebrovascular disease, muscle pain, ataxia and seizures. Loss of taste and smell, defects in visual acuity and pain occur in parallel. Such central nervous system (CNS) signs and symptoms linked to laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is often life threatening. Health care providers currently evaluating patients with neurologic symptoms need consider COVID-19 in any differential diagnosis. These considerations will facilitate prompt testing, isolation and prevention of viral transmission speeding best clinical outcomes. [Figure: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-020-09924-9 doi: 10.1007/s11481-020-09924-9 id: cord-347186-tbtmqmpr author: Acharya, Yogesh title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-04 words: 3549.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt summary: Non-specific combinations of the search strings included (Coronavirus OR Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome OR SARS OR Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review CQ and HCQ share similar pharmacokinetics, with rapid absorption from the gastro-intestinal surfaces, and are renally and hepatically eliminated. conducted a prospective observational safety study to evaluate the effect of CQ, HCQ, and azithromycin in association with QT interval and risk of TdP and sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients. Apart from a general warning, the FDA has cautioned against the indiscriminate use of CQ/ HCQ, either alone or in combination with azithromycin, in COVID-19 patients due to the potential linkage to cardiac toxicities, including severe complications like rhythm disturbances. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection abstract: The predicament arising from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the most significant modern public health challenges. Despite uncertainties in the viral determinants and pathogenesis, it is crucial to accurately inspect all available evidence to construct accurate clinical guidelines for optimised patient care. This study aims to discuss the available evidence for the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against COVID-19. Early in vitro studies of CQ/HCQ against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are convincing. But contradictory evidence exists on the clinical use of CQ/HCQ, either alone or in combination with azithromycin. As of now, there is no compelling clinical evidence on CQ, HCQ, and azithromycin in COVID-19 and the available evidence is limited to methodologically inferior non-randomised studies. Studies have also shown detrimental drug reactions to CQ and ‘HCQ plus azithromycin’, mainly cardiac side effects in hospitalised patients with coexisting cardiovascular comorbidities. Therefore, we recommend that physicians avoid high doses and exercise extreme caution in the compassionate use of CQ/HCQ, either alone or in combination with other antiviral drugs. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936120947517 doi: 10.1177/2049936120947517 id: cord-266307-w56rii2p author: Acheampong, Desmond Omane title: Male Predisposition to Severe COVID-19: Review of Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Prospects date: 2020-09-09 words: 8837.0 sentences: 467.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266307-w56rii2p.txt summary: The sex hormones, estrogens and androgens which exist in varying functional levels respectively in females and males are cited as the underlying cause for the differential immune response to COVID-19. In this review efforts are made to expand understanding and explain the possible roles of the immune system, the sex hormones and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) systems in male bias to severe COVID-19. Hence, females known for producing high-level estrogen will be better protected against infections including COVID-19 compared to their male counterparts. Hence, women are better protected against viral infections and for that matter the severe COVID-19 due to the over-expression of TLR7 in females compared to their male counterparts. This explains J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f why prolong inflammation is very common in males infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to females, and could be one of the factors that promote severe COVID-19 in men. abstract: The severe form of COVID-19 has significant sex disparities, with high fatalities commonly reported among males than females. The incidence of COVID-19 has also been higher in males compared with their female counterparts. This trend could be attributed to a better responsive and robust immune system in females. Cytokine storm is one of the pathophysiological features of severe COVID-19, and it occurs as a result of over-activation of immune cells leading to severe inflammation and tissue damage. However, it is well modulated in females compared to their male counterparts. Severe inflammation in males is reported to facilitate progression of mild to severe COVID-19. The sex hormones, estrogens and androgens which exist in varying functional levels respectively in females and males are cited as the underlying cause for the differential immune response to COVID-19. Evidence abounds that immune system modulation by estrogen protect females from severe inflammation and for that matter severe COVID-19. On the contrary, androgen has been implicated in over-activation of immune cells, cytokine storm and the attendant severe inflammation, which perhaps predispose males to severe COVID-19. In this review efforts are made to expand understanding and explain the possible roles of the immune system, the sex hormones and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) systems in male bias to severe COVID-19. Also, this review explores possible therapeutic avenues including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), estrogen-based therapy, and ACE inhibitors for consideration in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0753332220309410 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110748 id: cord-280819-z6ucnwk0 author: Achilonu, Ikechukwu title: Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach date: 2020-09-02 words: 5411.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280819-z6ucnwk0.txt summary: title: Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is an attractive target towards discovery of drugs to treat COVID-19 because of its key role in virus replication. Using 6Y2G and the prior knowledge that protease inhibitors could eradicate COVID-19, we designed a computational study aimed at identifying FDA-approved drugs that could interact with M(pro). We used HTVS, induced-fit ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies to identify additional classes of plausible FDA-approved drugs as possible drug candidate to treat COVID-19. In conclusion, we have used a computational approach which includes HTVS, IFD, MM/GBSA free binding energy calculations and MD simulation to study potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease using FDA-approved Isavuconazonium, a P2-P3 α-ketoamide derivative and Pentagastrin: an in-silico drug discovery approach Ikechukwu Achilonu 1 * abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro)) is an attractive target towards discovery of drugs to treat COVID-19 because of its key role in virus replication. The atomic structure of M(pro) in complex with an α-ketoamide inhibitor (Lig13b) is available (PDB ID:6Y2G). Using 6Y2G and the prior knowledge that protease inhibitors could eradicate COVID-19, we designed a computational study aimed at identifying FDA-approved drugs that could interact with M(pro). We searched the DrugBank and PubChem for analogs and built a virtual library containing ∼33000 conformers. Using high-throughput virtual screening and ligand docking, we identified Isavuconazonium, a ketoamide inhibitor (α-KI) and Pentagastrin as the top three molecules (Lig13b as the benchmark) based on docking energy. The ΔG(bind) of Lig13b, Isavuconazonium, α-KI, Pentagastrin was -28.1, -45.7, -44.7, -34.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that these ligands are stable within the M(pro) active site. Binding of these ligands is driven by a variety of non-bonded interaction, including polar bonds, H-bonds, van der Waals and salt bridges. The overall conformational dynamics of the complexed-M(pro) was slightly altered relative to apo-M(pro). This study demonstrates that three distinct classes molecules, Isavuconazonium (triazole), α-KI (ketoamide) and Pentagastrin (peptide) could serve as potential drugs to treat patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107730 doi: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107730 id: cord-349786-12lc3342 author: Acquah, Samuel title: Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic African Region date: 2020-10-08 words: 3435.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349786-12lc3342.txt summary: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is widely distributed in the human body is implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and COVID-19. With the continent already responsible for over 93% of global malaria burden and associated deaths in 2018 [6] , the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic does not only increase the infectious disease burden of the African region but could serve as another risk factor to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the region. Just like other known coronaviruses [14, 15] , the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a specific receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), for entry into host cells [16] [17] [18] [19] . To this end, the COVID-19 virus, which reduces ACE2 levels or activities, can potentiate infected individuals for future development of T2DM through low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause havoc to many countries of the globe, with no end in sight, due to nonavailability of a given vaccine or treatment regimen. The pandemic has so far had a relatively limited impact on the African continent, which contributes more than 93% of global malaria burden. However, the limited burden of COVID-19 pandemic on the African region could have long-term implications on the health and wellbeing of affected inhabitants due to its malaria-endemic status. Malaria causes recurrent insulin resistance with episodes of infection at relatively low parasitaemia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is widely distributed in the human body is implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and COVID-19. Use of ACE2 by the COVID-19 virus induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which can lead to insulin resistance. Although COVID-19 patients in malaria-endemic African region may not exhibit severe signs and symptoms of the disease, their risk of exhibiting heightened insulin resistance and possible future development of T2DM is high due to their prior exposure to malaria. African governments must double efforts at containing the continued spread of the virus without neglecting existing malarial control measures if the region is to avert the plausible long-term impact of the pandemic in terms of future development of T2DM. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8205261 doi: 10.1155/2020/8205261 id: cord-301424-nt35k3eg author: Ad, Niv title: Cardiac Surgery in North America and COVID-19: Regional Variability in Burden and Impact date: 2020-07-02 words: 2106.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301424-nt35k3eg.txt summary: The present study aims to report the regional variations of North American adult cardiac surgical case volume and case mix through the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on 183 cardiac surgical volumes and the potential regional and institutional differences in crisis 184 management may provide guidance on post-pandemic hospital operating capacity required to 185 treat deferred cases. The present study aims to report the collective North American adult cardiac surgical 189 experience with COVID-19 through the evaluation of changes in cardiac surgical case volume, 190 case mix and outcomes, as stratified by hospitals with high and low burden of hospitalized 191 patients with COVID-19. Institutions with high COVID-19 burden had significant decline in total case volume, 338 with change in case mix, that did not meet statistical significance, largely providing urgent or 339 emergent care for procedures, such as CABG, ECMO and heart transplantations, rather than 340 valvular and aortic surgical cases. abstract: Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in hospital resource utilization and the need to defer non-urgent cardiac surgery procedures. The present study aims to report the regional variations of North American adult cardiac surgical case volume and case mix through the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A survey was sent to recruit participating adult cardiac surgery centers in North America. Data in regard to changes in institutional and regional cardiac surgical case volume and mix were analyzed. Results Our study comprises 67 adult cardiac surgery institutions with diverse geographic distribution across North America, representing annualized case volumes of 60,452 in 2019. Non-urgent surgery was stopped during the month of March 2020 in the majority of centers (96%) resulting in a decline to 45% of baseline with significant regional variation. Hospitals with a high burden of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 demonstrated similar trends of decline in total volume as centers in low burden areas. As a proportion of total surgical volume, there was a relative increase of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (High +7.2% vs. Low +4.2%, p=0.550), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (High +2.5% vs. Low 0.4%, p=0.328) and heart transplantation (High +2.7% vs. Low 0.4%, p=0.090), and decline in valvular cases (High -7.6% vs. Low -2.6%, p=0.195). Conclusions The present study demonstrates the impact of COVID-19 on North American cardiac surgery institutions as well as help associate region and COVID-19 burden with the impact on cardiac surgery volumes and case mix. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768300/ doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.077 id: cord-330388-lq6fsl9i author: Adam, E. J. title: COVID-19: could CT provide the best population level biomarker? Incidental COVID-19 in major trauma patients suggests higher than predicted rates of infection in London date: 2020-10-31 words: 2556.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330388-lq6fsl9i.txt summary: Aim To evaluate incidental findings in major trauma patients, and to explore whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to assess prevalence and estimate disease spread in the general population. The proportion of patients with incidental COVID-19 changes was recorded over the study period, and the percentage of the population who had been affected by COVID-19 by the end of April 2020 estimated. The present study used retrospective information from patients who underwent CT for major trauma to evaluate the rates of disease in the general population, on the basis that these patients can be considered to represent an approximation to a random sample of the population. In summary, the present results suggest that imaging of major trauma patients has great potential to provide insight into the spread and population prevalence of COVID-19 using already available evidence, and by making a further assumption on duration of the CT signs, the incidence, cumulative incidence, and the percentage population who have had the disease can be estimated. abstract: Aim To evaluate incidental findings in major trauma patients, and to explore whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to assess prevalence and estimate disease spread in the general population. Materials and methods The study population included all patients admitted following major trauma between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2020 with CT including the lungs (n=523). Major trauma patients admitted pre-COVID-19 from 1–31 January and 1–31 March 2019 comprised a control group (n=252). The assessing radiologists, blinded to the time period, used double reading with consensus to determine if the patient had CT signs of COVID-19. Lung appearances were classified as no evidence of COVID-19; minor signs; or major signs. The proportion of patients with incidental COVID-19 changes was recorded over the study period, and the percentage of the population who had been affected by COVID-19 by the end of April 2020 estimated. Results CT appearances consistent with COVID-19 began to exceed a background pre-COVID rate in the second week of February and did not decline until 2 weeks after lockdown. By the end of April 2020, approximately 45% of the population had been infected. Conclusions CT of major trauma patients can be used to monitor the spread of COVID-19. This novel technique could be used retrospectively or prospectively anywhere where trauma scans are available, to monitor the disease in the local population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009926020304682?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.008 id: cord-301619-0ojayw16 author: Adamowicz, Jan title: May patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications ? date: 2020-04-22 words: 1203.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301619-0ojayw16.txt summary: Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males. Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males. Consequently, we introduce hypothesis that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may disrupt androgens metabolism in lungs, which in turn may have a negative impact on course of COVID-19 infection. Under this assumption, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors might increase androgen concentration in lungs hampering their regeneration. Due to high prevalence of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor in BPH treatment, its potential negative influence on recovery after COVID-19 infection, should be established. According to presented hypothesis, patients receiving 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, might be vulnerable to COVID-19 infection with poorer prognosis. May patients receiving 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors be in higher risk of COVID-19 complications abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for global and national healthcare providers. Number of new cases is continuously increasing with an emerging trend showing worse prognosis in males in comparison to females. Based on this observation, our proposed hypothesis is that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, that are commonly used for BPH treatment, may be one of the factors contributing to poorer prognosis in males. BACKGROUND: With increasing number of COVID-19 cases, an evident sex- dependent difference in disease outcomes can be observed. Based on published studies with short term follow-up, males have 65% higher mortality rate (1). The question remains, whether long term observational studies will confirm improved recovery in females. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720305909 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109751 id: cord-282416-5x3lyuuf author: Adams, Hugo J.A. title: Chest CT imaging signature of COVID-19 infection: in pursuit of the scientific evidence date: 2020-06-25 words: 4156.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282416-5x3lyuuf.txt summary: Original studies which reported the prevalence of chest CT findings in patients with RT-PCR or gene sequencing proven COVID-19 were eligible for inclusion. For each included study, publication date, country of origin, study design (retrospective or prospective), number, gender and age of included patients, inclusion criteria, number of symptomatic patients, duration of symptoms before chest CT, disease severity (based on reported descriptive data), chest CT interpreters, and time interval between chest CT and RT-PCR/gene sequencing, were extracted. For each included study, the frequency of chest CT findings (i.e., normal findings and all individually reported lung abnormalities according to the glossary of terms for thoracic imaging of the Fleischner Society 12 on a patient level) were extracted. Because of the potential of chest CT in adjunct to clinical examination and RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and the rapid proliferation of studies on this topic, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the methodological quality of these studies and to determine the frequency of different chest CT findings that are found in this disease. abstract: Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) may be used for the diagnosis of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but clear scientific evidence is lacking. Therefore, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the chest CT imaging signature of COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for original studies on chest CT findings in patients with COVID-19. Methodological quality of studies was evaluated. Pooled prevalences of chest CT findings were calculated using a random effects model in case of between-study heterogeneity (predefined as I2≥50), otherwise a fixed effects model was used. Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Median number of COVID-19 patients per study was 124 (range 50-476), comprising a total of 3,466 patients. Median prevalence of symptomatic patients was 99% (range >76.3%-100%). 27/28 (96%) of studies had a retrospective design. Methodological quality concerns were present with either risk of or actual referral bias (13 studies), patient spectrum bias (8 studies), disease progression bias (26 studies), observer variability bias (27 studies), and test review bias (14 studies). Pooled prevalence was 10.6% for normal chest CT findings. Pooled prevalences were 90.0% for posterior predilection, 81.0% for ground-glass opacity, 75.8% for bilateral abnormalities, 73.1% for left lower lobe involvement, 72.9% for vascular thickening, and 72.2% for right lower lobe involvement. Pooled prevalences were 5.2% for pleural effusion, 5.1% for lymphadenopathy, 4.1% for airway secretions/tree-in-bud sign, 3.6% for central lesion distribution, 2.7% for pericardial effusion, and 0.7% for cavitation/cystic changes. Pooled prevalences of other CT findings ranged between 10.5%-63.2%. Conclusion Studies on chest CT findings in COVID-19 suffer from methodological quality concerns. More high-quality research is necessary to establish diagnostic CT criteria for COVID-19. Based on the available evidence that requires cautious interpretation, several chest CT findings appear to be suggestive of COVID-19, but normal chest CT findings do not exclude COVID-19, even not in symptomatic patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592709/ doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.025 id: cord-316363-7eh9k442 author: Adams, Scott J title: Telerobotic ultrasound to provide obstetrical ultrasound services remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 words: 5016.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316363-7eh9k442.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] Challenges in accessing healthcare services, including diagnostic imaging services, have been exacerbated during the pandemic, particularly in rural and remote communities where limited availability of health-care services forces patients to travel to larger centres for the care they need, increasing the risk of severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. In this paper, we describe our experience using a telerobotic ultrasound system -a robotic system which allows a sonographer to perform a diagnostic ultrasound exam remotely 9 -to perform obstetrical ultrasound exams during a COVID-19 outbreak declared in La Loche, a northern village with a population of 2372 people in Saskatchewan, Canada. Our experience provides a model for how telerobotic ultrasound may improve access to diagnostic ultrasound imaging, increase patient safety and reduce health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obstetrical ultrasound imaging is critical in identifying at-risk pregnancies and informing clinical management. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated challenges in accessing obstetrical ultrasound for patients in underserved rural and remote communities where this service is not available. This prospective descriptive study describes our experience of providing obstetrical ultrasound services remotely using a telerobotic ultrasound system in a northern Canadian community isolated due to a COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A telerobotic ultrasound system was used to perform obstetrical ultrasound exams remotely in La Loche, Canada, a remote community without regular access to obstetrical ultrasound. Using a telerobotic ultrasound system, a sonographer 605 km away remotely controlled an ultrasound probe and ultrasound settings. Twenty-one exams were performed in a five-week period during a COVID-19 outbreak in the community, including limited first-, second- and third-trimester exams (n = 11) and complete second-trimester exams (n = 10). Participants were invited to complete a survey at the end of the telerobotic ultrasound exam describing their experiences with telerobotic ultrasound. Radiologists subsequently interpreted all exams and determined the adequacy of the images for diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 11 limited obstetrical exams, radiologists indicated images were adequate in nine (81%) cases, adequate with some reservations in one (9%) case and inadequate in one (9%) case. Of 10 second-trimester complete obstetrical exams, radiologists indicated images were adequate in two (20%) cases, adequate with some reservations in three (30%) cases and inadequate in five (50%) cases. Second-trimester complete obstetrical exams were limited due to a combination of body habitus, foetal lie and telerobotic technology. DISCUSSION: A telerobotic ultrasound system may be used to answer focused clinical questions such as foetal viability, dating and foetal presentation in a timely manner while minimising patient travel to larger centres and potential exposure to severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33076753/ doi: 10.1177/1357633x20965422 id: cord-296331-i4hyzqcv author: Adapa, Sreedhar title: COVID-19 Pandemic Causing Acute Kidney Injury and Impact on Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplantation date: 2020-06-04 words: 5086.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296331-i4hyzqcv.txt summary: COVID-19 infection causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and is an independent risk factor for mortality. The impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant patients is also discussed in the manuscript. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was seen in 5-15% of the cases infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and had a higher mortality rate of 60-90% as per the literature [12] . We summarized the finding from multiple studies including patient characteristics, co-morbidities, incidence of AKI in general as well as ICU/severely ill patients, number of patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and mortality in Table 2 [9-11, 13, 19, 22-24, 26-32] . Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused significant mortality and has been declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The infection mainly presents as fever, cough, and breathing difficulty, and few patients develop very severe symptoms. The purpose of this review is to analyze the impact of the virus on the kidney. COVID-19 infection causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and is an independent risk factor for mortality. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, direct viral damage, and immune-mediated damage play important roles in the pathogenesis. AKI in COVID-19 infection could be from the synergistic effect of virus-induced direct cytotropic effect and cytokine-induced systemic inflammatory response. AKI caused in the viral infection has been analyzed from the available epidemiological studies. The proportion of patients developing AKI is significantly higher when they develop severe disease. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the most used blood purification technique when needed. The impact of COVID-19 infection on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplant patients is also discussed in the manuscript. No vaccine has been developed against the 2019-nCoV virus to date. The critical aspect of management is supportive care. Several investigative drugs have been studied, drugs approved for other indications have been used, and several clinical trials are underway across the globe. Recently remdesivir has received emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA for use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Prevention of the infection holds the key to management. The patients with underlying kidney problems and renal transplant patients are vulnerable to developing COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587651/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4200 id: cord-284946-3y16j3ts author: Addo, Isaac Yeboah title: Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-20 words: 5815.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284946-3y16j3ts.txt summary: As the UN, human rights institutions, governments, and civil society groups and movements continue to promote greater acceptance of people from different racial categories and encourage greater respect for human rights across the globe, the numerous reports of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in the fight against the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrate that more work is needed to achieve the UN''s goal of eliminating all forms of racial discrimination. Factors associated with the racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour during this pandemic are complex and may include post-colonial perception of racial superiority, fear of COVID-19 infection, ''inflammatory'' comments by significant public figures, vengeance for fellow citizens who have experienced abuse elsewhere, and perception of differences in COVID-19 susceptibility due to differences in phenotypic physical features. The racial discrimination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified existing health vulnerabilities of non-citizens and people of colour [14, 38] . abstract: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has seen an escalation of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in many places around the world. While this COVID-19-related racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour has drawn much attention in the media space, the issue has been less discussed in academia. Given that racial discrimination has a significant impact on human relations, mental health, and general well-being, it is important to address the rising racial discrimination problem amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses some of the emerging stories of racial discrimination associated with COVID-19 and presents viewpoints on why people are being abused and the socio-economic implications associated with the abuse. The paper concludes with few suggestions on how to address the COVID-19 related racial discriminations as the world continues to fight against the double pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300632 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100074 id: cord-311086-i4e0rdxp author: Adekola, Hafeez Aderinsayo title: Mathematical modeling for infectious viral disease: The COVID‐19 perspective date: 2020-08-17 words: 3277.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311086-i4e0rdxp.txt summary: The SEIR model with suitable adaptations has been widely applied for various disease epidemics such as chickenpox and SARS, and its relevance has been advanced for the analysis of the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 in this context. This sixchambered model was used to study the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 and the implemented prevention and control measures, with the aid of time series and kinetic modal analysis, a basic reproductive number value of 4.01 was obtained (Li, Geng, et al., 2020) . Although the mathematical models for the COVID-19 have majorly forecast few areas relating to pathogen spread such as the basic reproductive number of the SARS-CoV-2, population control measures, percentage of asymptomatic people (Nandal, 2020) . Prediction of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using a mathematical model considering behavior changes Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics with a case study of Wuhan abstract: In this study, we examined various forms of mathematical models that are relevant for the containment, risk analysis, and features of COVID‐19. Greater emphasis was laid on the extension of the Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered (SIR) models for policy relevance in the time of COVID‐19. These mathematical models play a significant role in the understanding of COVID‐19 transmission mechanisms, structures, and features. Considering that the disease has spread sporadically around the world, causing large scale socioeconomic disruption unwitnessed in contemporary ages since World War II, researchers, stakeholders, government, and the society at large are actively engaged in finding ways to reduce the rate of infection until a cure or vaccination procedure is established. We advanced argument for the various forms of the mathematical model of epidemics and highlighted their relevance in the containment of COVID‐19 at the present time. Mathematical models address the need for understanding the transmission dynamics and other significant factors of the disease that would aid policymakers to make accurate decisions and reduce the rate of transmission of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2306 doi: 10.1002/pa.2306 id: cord-253693-xdmgvj4p author: Adekoya, Oluwasegun B. title: How COVID-19 drives connectedness among commodity and financial markets: Evidence from TVP-VAR and causality-in-quantiles techniques date: 2020-10-20 words: 10017.0 sentences: 533.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253693-xdmgvj4p.txt summary: In essence, this paper examines the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the volatility connectedness among oil, gold, and financial (stock, bitcoin and exchange rate) markets. Here, we examine the causal effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic (proxied by the equity market volatility due to infectious diseases and the growth rate of the U.S. COVID-19 reported cases) on the connectedness across the oil, gold, bitcoin, stock and USD (measured through the volatility spillover series). The data obtained for analysis in this study are the various financial and commodity markets series including dollar exchange rate, prices of gold, crude oil, S&P 500 stock and bitcoin, and the COVID-19 proxies which are the equity market volatility due to infectious diseases index and the U.S. COVID-19 reported cases. Thus, the thrust of this paper is to examine the causal effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the connectedness among the globally traded commodity and financial assets (oil, gold, stock, bitcoin and dollar-euro exchange rate). abstract: With many commodity and financial markets reportedly experiencing poor performances during this COVID-19 pandemic, this study intends to examine the effect of the pandemic on the connectedness among the markets. There are several reasons that suggest that apart from the pandemic affecting the performances of the markets, it can also be a driver of their connectedness, coming from the perspective of the global financial cycle channel. Therefore, we first employ the recently developed time-varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP-VAR) technique to examine the volatility spillover among the commodity and financial assets. We find evidence of strong volatility across the markets, with gold and USD being net receivers of shocks, and others, net transmitters. With this evidence, we proceed to the evaluation of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the connectedness across the markets using both the linear and non-linear (causality-in-quantiles) causality tests. The causality-in-quantiles test outperforms the linear Granger-causality test, and the results show significant causal impacts of the two measures of COVID-19 pandemic (infectious diseases-based equity market volatility and the growth rate of the U.S. COVID-19 reported cases) on the connectedness across the markets, especially at the lower and middle-level quantiles. Overall, these findings prove that the pandemic has been largely responsible for risks transmission across various commodity and financial markets. This is because it has significantly raised investors’ and policy uncertainties and immensely altered global financial cycle which in turn results in global flows of capital, and movements in the prices of assets across different financial markets. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301420720309296 doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101898 id: cord-321240-f6qh4fva author: Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade title: Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa date: 2020-08-10 words: 2246.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt summary: We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimation procedure and found a ~0.045 Covid19 deaths as a result of confirmed cases in Africa. We proceed to estimate the dynamic panel data system generalised method of moment (GMM) (Arellano and Bover, 1995) and impose (and test) the common factor restrictions to account for the potential endogeneity of the number of COVID-19 attributable deaths and number of confirmed cases across 52 Africa states. System GMM, renowned for glowing outcomes with persistent data under trifling assumptions (Arellano and Bover, 1995; Blundell and Bond, 1998) , was used to estimate the model of attributable COVID-19 deaths as induced by confirmed cases. This study examined the spatial density of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across 52 African states and leaned empirical credence to the relationship between confirmed cases and attributable deaths. abstract: Clinical and epidemiological evidence has been advanced for human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus rampaging the world since late 2019. Outliers in the human-to-human transmission are yet to be explored. In this study, we examined the spatial density and leaned statistical credence to the global debate. We constructed spatial variations of clusters that examined the nexus between COVID-19 attributable deaths and confirmed cases. We rely on publicly available data on confirmed cases and death across Africa to unravel the unobserved factors, that could be responsible for the spread of COVID-19. We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimation procedure and found a ~0.045 Covid19 deaths as a result of confirmed cases in Africa. We accounted for cross-sectional dependence and found a basis for the strict orthogonal relationship. Policy measures were discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138998 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138998 id: cord-336585-19vwpjkt author: Adem, Şevki title: Caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: CAFDs-based functional foods as a potential alternative approach to combat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-22 words: 3578.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336585-19vwpjkt.txt summary: Based upon these results, we have screened a library of caffeic acid derivatives (CAFDs) (Figure 1 ) for the identification of novel natural anti-COVID-19 compounds against various SARS-CoV-2 drug targets including COVID-19 M pro (6LU7), SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit (6LXT), Nsp15 endoribonuclease (6VWW), SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain open state structure (6VYB), and SARS-CoV-2 spike closed state glycoprotein structure (6VXX). Our results present in silico-based identification of khainaoside C, 6-O-Caffeoylarbutin, khainaoside B, khainaoside C and vitexfolin A as potent modulators of COVID-19 M pro , Nsp15, coronavirus fusion protein, spike open state and closed state structure respectively. Based on these in-silico results, khainaoside C, calceolarioside B, vitexfolin A, calceolarioside C and scrophuloside B exhibited best binding potential with COVID-19 virus Figure 2B represents residual wise van der Waals interactions, piNelfinavir which possess MolDock score of -148.413 The interactions of these compounds with amino acid residues of target protein are shown in Figure 3A . abstract: BACKGROUND: : SARS-CoV-2, an emerging strain of coronavirus, has affected millions of people from all the continents of world and received worldwide attention. This emerging health crisis calls for the urgent development of specific therapeutics against COVID-19 to potentially reduce the burden of this emerging pandemic. PURPOSE: : This study aims to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of natural bioactive entities against COVID-19 via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. METHODS: : A library of 27 caffeic-acid derivatives was screened against 5 proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by using Molegro Virtual Docker 7 to obtain the binding energies and interactions between compounds and SARS-CoV-2 proteins. ADME properties and toxicity profiles were investigated via www.swissadme.ch web tools and Toxtree respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to determine the stability of the lead-protein interactions. RESULTS: : Our obtained results has uncovered khainaoside C, 6-O-Caffeoylarbutin, khainaoside B, khainaoside C and vitexfolin A as potent modulators of COVID-19 possessing more binding energies than nelfinavir against COVID-19 M(pro), Nsp15, SARS-CoV-2 spike S2 subunit, spike open state and closed state structure respectively. While Calceolarioside B was identified as pan inhibitor, showing strong molecular interactions with all proteins except SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein closed state. The results are supported by 20 ns molecular dynamics simulations of the best complexes. CONCLUSION: : This study will hopefully pave a way for development of phytonutrients-based antiviral therapeutic for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 and further studies are recommended to evaluate the antiviral effects of these phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 in in vitro and in vivo models. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0944711320301422 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153310 id: cord-344948-cve3mqd8 author: Adhikari, Jagannath title: COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs date: 2020-11-07 words: 6617.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344948-cve3mqd8.txt summary: Key Informants -Government policy makers (2) 1) Mid-April 2020 (10) 2) Mid-Oct 2020 (10) Government policies to deal with such crisis; what supports are provided, how and to whom; policy gaps in agricultural sector in general and food security in particular as exposed by the crisis; experience/idea with regard to resiliency of prevailing farming systems to cope with such crisis; role of indigenous food systems in such crisis; what new initiatives taken at different government levels to deal with the crisis and continue with food production, marketing, distribution through trade/transportation, supply of inputs, new incentive structures; effectiveness of these new initiatives and which seem to work effectively; what could be the policies options for the future to deal with the crisis. abstract: The objective of this study was to understand the impacts of COVID-19 crisis in agriculture and food systems in Nepal and assess the effectiveness of measures to deal with this crisis. The study draws policy implications, especially for farming systems resilience and the achievement of SDGs 1 and 2. The findings are based on (i) three panel discussions over six months with policy makers and experts working at grassroots to understand and manage the crisis, (ii) key informants' interviews, and (iii) an extensive literature review. Results revealed that the lockdown and transport restrictions have had severe consequences, raising questions on the achievement of SDGs 1 and 2, especially in the already vulnerable regions dependent on food-aid. This crisis has also exposed the strengths and limitations of both subsistence and commercial farming systems in terms of resiliency, offering important lessons for policy makers. Traditional subsistence farming appears to be somewhat resilient, with a potential to contribute to key pillars of food security, especially access and stability, though with limited contributions to food availability because of low productivity. On the other hand, commercial farming - limited to the periphery of market centres, cities, and emerging towns and in the accessible areas - was more impacted due to the lack of resilient supply networks to reach even the local market. Lower resiliency of commercial farming was also evident because of its growing dependence on inputs (mainly seeds and fertilizer) on distant markets located in foreign countries. The observation of crisis over eight months unleashed by the pandemic clearly revealed that wage labourers, indigenous people, and women from marginalized groups and regions already vulnerable in food security and malnutrition suffered more due to COVID-19 as they lost both external support and the coping mechanisms. The findings have implications for policies to improve both subsistence and commercial farming systems – in particular the former by improving the productivity through quality inputs and by diversifying, promoting and protecting the indigenous food system, while the latter through sustainable intensification by building reliant supply network linking farming with markets and guarantying the supply of inputs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X20308519?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102990 id: cord-104486-syirijql author: Adiga, Aniruddha title: Data-driven modeling for different stages of pandemic response date: 2020-09-21 words: 7175.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104486-syirijql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104486-syirijql.txt summary: Governments have been forced to respond to the rapidly changing dynamics of the pandemic, and are becoming increasingly reliant on different modeling and analytical techniques to understand, forecast, plan and respond; this includes statistical methods and decision support methods using multi-agent models, such as: (i) forecasting epidemic outcomes (e.g., case counts, mortality and hospital demands), using a diverse set of data-driven methods e.g., ARIMA type time series forecasting, Bayesian techniques and deep learning, e.g., [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , (ii) disease surveillance, e.g., [6, 7] , and (iii) counter-factual analysis of epidemics using multi-agent models, e.g., [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] ; indeed, the results of [11, 14] were very influential in the early decisions for lockdowns in a number of countries. abstract: Some of the key questions of interest during the COVID-19 pandemic (and all outbreaks) include: where did the disease start, how is it spreading, who is at risk, and how to control the spread. There are a large number of complex factors driving the spread of pandemics, and, as a result, multiple modeling techniques play an increasingly important role in shaping public policy and decision making. As different countries and regions go through phases of the pandemic, the questions and data availability also changes. Especially of interest is aligning model development and data collection to support response efforts at each stage of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has been unprecedented in terms of real-time collection and dissemination of a number of diverse datasets, ranging from disease outcomes, to mobility, behaviors, and socio-economic factors. The data sets have been critical from the perspective of disease modeling and analytics to support policymakers in real-time. In this overview article, we survey the data landscape around COVID-19, with a focus on how such datasets have aided modeling and response through different stages so far in the pandemic. We also discuss some of the current challenges and the needs that will arise as we plan our way out of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523119/ doi: nan id: cord-312366-8qg1fn8f author: Adiga, Aniruddha title: Mathematical Models for COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-30 words: 8797.0 sentences: 472.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312366-8qg1fn8f.txt summary: As the pandemic takes hold, researchers begin investigating: (i) various intervention and control strategies; usually pharmaceutical interventions do not work in the event of a pandemic and thus nonpharmaceutical interventions are most appropriate, (ii) forecasting the epidemic incidence rate, hospitalization rate and mortality rate, (iii) efficiently allocating scarce medical resources to treat the patients and (iv) understanding the change in individual and collective behavior and adherence to public policies. Like projection approaches, models for epidemic forecasting can be broadly classified into two broad groups: (i) statistical and machine learning-based data-driven models, (ii) causal or mechanistic models-see 29, 30, 2, 31, 32, 6, 33 and the references therein for the current state of the art in this rapidly evolving field. In the context of COVID-19 case count modeling and forecasting, a multitude of models have been developed based on different assumptions that capture specific aspects of the disease dynamics (reproduction number evolution, contact network construction, etc.). abstract: COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global health crisis in the last 100 years. Its economic, social and health impact continues to grow and is likely to end up as one of the worst global disasters since the 1918 pandemic and the World Wars. Mathematical models have played an important role in the ongoing crisis; they have been used to inform public policies and have been instrumental in many of the social distancing measures that were instituted worldwide. In this article, we review some of the important mathematical models used to support the ongoing planning and response efforts. These models differ in their use, their mathematical form and their scope. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-020-00200-6 doi: 10.1007/s41745-020-00200-6 id: cord-252306-68eogdyc author: Adler, Hugh title: Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 505.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252306-68eogdyc.txt summary: We reviewed all microbiology results for patients admitted to Whiston hospital (Prescot, UK) with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 between March 6, 2020, and April 7, 2020. Hospital policy for patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia, including suspected COVID-19 cases, recommends blood cultures and pneumococcal and Legionella urinary antigen tests based on clinical severity, in line with national guidelines. We recorded results for 7 days from the positive COVID-19 test because positive samples collected after this time period might represent hospital-acquired infections. Our findings suggest that bacterial co-infection is uncommon in patients with COVID-19 who are newly admitted to hospital. If superimposed bacterial communityacquired pneumonia is suspected, coverage for typical pathogens such as pneumococcus might suffice, unless there is specific clinical concern for infection with atypical agents. Future studies should implement standardised microbiological sampling for all COVID-19 admissions and prospectively correlate the prevalence of co-infection with mortality rates. Clinical management of persons admitted to hospital with suspected COVID-19 infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30036-7 doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30036-7 id: cord-332577-2z5pchyq author: Adolph, C. title: Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date: 2020-09-02 words: 6221.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt summary: Controlling for the seven-day moving average of reported COVID-19 deaths and state citizen ideology, we find the governor''s party affiliation is the most important predictor of state differences in the timing of indoor public mask mandates. Figure 2 reports the results from our baseline model, which controls for the log of COVID-19 deaths per million population reported in the state as seven-day moving averages, the ideological orientation of each state''s citizenry, and the party of the governor (18; 19; 20) . Researchers and policy-makers use several metrics to track SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and governors have access to daily data on COVID-19 measures including confirmed cases, deaths, and positive test result rates. We therefore consider models adding controls for more timely indicators of the spread of SARS-CoV-2: the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per million reported in each state each day and the rate of test positivity (in both cases, as sevenday moving averages). abstract: Public mask use has emerged as a key tool in response to COVID-19. We develop and document a classification of statewide mask mandates that reveals variation in their scope and timing. Some U.S. states quickly mandated the wearing of face coverings in most public spaces, whereas others issued narrow mandates or no mandate at all. We consider how differences in COVID-19 epidemiological indicators, state capacity, and partisan politics affect when states adopted broad mask mandates. The most important predictor is whether a state is led by a Republican governor. These states were much slower to adopt mandates, if they did so at all. COVID-19 indicators such as confirmed cases or deaths per million are much less important predictors of statewide mask mandates. This finding highlights a key challenge to public efforts to increase mask-wearing, widely believed to be one of the most effective tools for preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while restoring economic activity. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185371 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185371 id: cord-293575-h3wc7j4v author: Adrish, Muhammad title: Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 words: 2658.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293575-h3wc7j4v.txt summary: Univariate Cox model for survival analysis by smoking status showed that among smokers only current smokers had higher risk of death compared with never smokers (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.12, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In our large single-centre retrospective database of patients hospitalised with COVID-19, smoking was associated with development of critical illness and higher likelihood of death. Our hospital is located in New York City where 13.1% of the Key Messages ► Does the smoking status affect outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19. We included adult patients (aged 18 and above) with known smoking status who were hospitalised with COVID-19 for whom severity of illness could be established and had final disposition status at the time of the study. Use of tocilizumab was suggested in patients with evidence of disease progression (defined as worsening respiratory status or radiographic findings) and increasing inflammatory markers early in their acute COVID-19 illness. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Smoking causes inflammation of the lung epithelium by releasing cytokines and impairing mucociliary clearance. Some studies have linked smoking with severity of illness of COVID-19 whereas others have found no such association. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all adults hospitalised with COVID-19 from 9 March to 18 May 2020. RESULTS: 1173 patients met the study criteria. 837 patients never smoked whereas 336 patients were either current smokers or past smoker and were grouped together in smokers group. Patients in smokers group were more likely to be male and had higher incidence of underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19% vs 6%, p<0.001), HIV infection (11% vs 5%, p<0.001), cancer (11% vs 6%, p=0.005), congestive heart failure (15% vs 8%, p<0.001), coronary artery disease (15% vs 9%, p=0.3), chronic kidney disease (11% vs 8%, p=0.037) and end-stage renal disease (10% vs 6%, p=0.009) compared with non-smokers. Outcome analysis showed that smokers were more likely to develop critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation (47% vs 37% p=0.005). Univariate Cox model for survival analysis by smoking status showed that among smokers only current smokers had higher risk of death compared with never smokers (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.12, p<0.001). In the multivariate approach, Cox model for the survival, female sex, young age, low serum lactate dehydrogenase and systemic steroid use were associated with overall improved survival. CONCLUSION: In our large single-centre retrospective database of patients hospitalised with COVID-19, smoking was associated with development of critical illness and higher likelihood of death. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000716 doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000716 id: cord-266234-lg866rnt author: Adrogué, A. H. title: A kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19: utility of a prognostication score date: 2020-09-03 words: 2113.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266234-lg866rnt.txt summary: We present our experience with the use of a diagnostic score, developed for rHLH, in a kidney transplant recipient hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion Since this is only a single case, we plan to retrospectively review a series of patients to validate our initial experience: that a low H-Score may correlate with a milder hospital course in kidney transplant patients with COVID-19. While a growing number of case reports have been published describing infections in solid organ transplant recipients, few have explored formulas to predict the hospital course of this high risk patient group. Since outcomes have ranged from mild infection 1 to death due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine release storm (CRS), in the severe COVID-19 cases 2 we explored the utility of a risk stratification score which could help predict outcomes in these patients. Standard admission laboratory tests and clinical features of patients suspected of COVID-19 provide the majority of variables needed to calculate the H-Score. abstract: Background Cytokine release storm (CRS) is a potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory condition common to both COVID-19 and reactive hemophagocytic histiocytosis (rHLH). We present our experience with the use of a diagnostic score, developed for rHLH, in a kidney transplant recipient hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods We applied the H-Score to risk-stratify our patient to help predict his hospital course. This study was exempt from requiring specific IRB approval, but met all the criteria required by our institution for this type of study and report including consent from the patient. Results The calculated H-Score for our patient fell below the diagnostic cut-off value for rHLH. Since rHLH is characterized by CRS, we expected him to have a milder hospital course with COVID-19. Correlating with his below cut-off H-score, the patient had a more benign than expected hospital course. Conclusion Since this is only a single case, we plan to retrospectively review a series of patients to validate our initial experience: that a low H-Score may correlate with a milder hospital course in kidney transplant patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980137/ doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.08.041 id: cord-324993-hs66uf1u author: Adwibowo, A. title: Flattening the COVID 19 curve in susceptible forest indigenous tribes using SIR model date: 2020-05-25 words: 3254.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324993-hs66uf1u.txt summary: Using the Susceptible Infectious Recovered (SIR) model, the spread of the COVID 19 under 3 intervention scenarios (low, moderate, high) is simulated and predicted in indigenous tribe populations. While, in the scenario of high intervention, the COVID 19 peaks can be reduced to values ranging from 53% to 15% .To conclude, the simulated interventions tested by SIR model have reduced the pandemic peak and flattened the COVID 19 curve in indigenous populations. The COVID 19 SIR model of indigenous tribe populations living in remote Yasuni rainforest enclaves with simulated 25% (low), 50% (moderate), and 75% (high) interventions (x axis: days, y axis: proportion of total population). 1101 The indigenous tribe populations and COVID 19 cases in Amazon rainforest enclaves including Lagartococha, Callarú, and Yasuni are presented in the Figure 2 . The proposed SIR model in this study simulates the widespread of COVID throughout indigenous tribe populations living in remote Lagartococha and Yasuni rainforests. abstract: COVID 19 is a global threat and globally spreading. The international cooperation involving indigenous peoples and local communities is urgently required in joint prevention to control the epidemic. Currently, many indigenous populations are continuing to face COVID 19. This study is concerned about the dynamic of COVID 19 pandemic among indigenous populations living in the remote Amazon rainforest enclaves. Using the Susceptible Infectious Recovered (SIR) model, the spread of the COVID 19 under 3 intervention scenarios (low, moderate, high) is simulated and predicted in indigenous tribe populations. The SIR model forecasts that without intervention, the epidemic peak may reach within 10 20 days. Nonetheless the peak can be reduced with strict interventions. Under low intervention, the COVID 19 cases are reduced to 73% and 56% of the total populations. While, in the scenario of high intervention, the COVID 19 peaks can be reduced to values ranging from 53% to 15% .To conclude, the simulated interventions tested by SIR model have reduced the pandemic peak and flattened the COVID 19 curve in indigenous populations. Nonetheless, it is mandatory to strengthen all mitigation efforts, reduce exposures, and decrease transmission rate as possible for COVID 19 containment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.20110254 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110254 id: cord-031726-ubt9wnf9 author: Ad’hiah, Ali H. title: Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients date: 2020-09-11 words: 2554.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031726-ubt9wnf9.txt summary: title: Evaluating of the association between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraqi patients BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been associated with ABO blood groups in patients of different ethnicities. With respect to COVID-19, recent studies have associated ABO blood groups with susceptibility to disease. In line with these finding, the present preliminary study sought to understand the genetic association of ABO blood groups with susceptibility to COVID-19 in Iraqi patients. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) was employed to assess the genetic association of ABO blood group with COVID-19 infection. Frequencies of A, B, AB, and O blood group phenotypes showed significant variations between COVID-19 patients (all cases, recovered, and deceased) and controls (pc value = 8.8 × 10 −4 , 0.012 and 1.5 × 10 −6 , respectively) ( Table 2 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been associated with ABO blood groups in patients of different ethnicities. This study sought to understand the genetic association of this polymorphic system with risk of disease in Iraqi patients. Two outcomes of COVID-19, recovery and death, were also explored. ABO blood groups were determined in 300 hospitalized COVID-19 Iraqi patients (159 under therapy, 104 recovered, and 37 deceased) and 595 healthy blood donors. The detection kit for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) RNA (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) was used in the diagnosis of disease. RESULTS: Mean age was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (49.8 ± 11.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001). A similar observation was made in recovered (42.1 ± 10.4 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) and deceased (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 28.9 ± 6.6 years; p < 0.001) cases. The mean age was also significantly increased in deceased cases compared to recovered cases (53.6 ± 9.7 vs. 42.1 ± 10.4 years; p < 0.001). There were gender-dependent differences in COVID-19 prevalence. The percentage of COVID-19 was higher in males than in females (all cases: 59.7 vs. 40.3%; recovered cases: 55.8 vs. 44.2%). Such male-gender preponderance was more pronounced in deceased cases (67.6 vs. 32.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that groups AB and B + AB were significantly associated with increased risk to develop COVID-19 (OR = 3.10; 95% CI 1.59–6.05; pc = 0.007 and OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.28–3.63; pc = 0.028, respectively). No ABO-associated risk was observed in recovered cases. On the contrary, groups A (OR = 14.60; 95% CI 2.85–74.88; pc = 0.007), AB (OR = 12.92; 95% CI 2.11–79.29; pc = 0.042), A + AB (OR = 14.67; 95% CI 2.98–72.33; pc = 0.007), and A + B + AB (OR = 9.67; 95% CI 2.02–46.24; pc = 0.035) were associated with increased risk of death in deceased cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that group AB may be a susceptibility biomarker for COVID-19, while group A may be associated with increased risk of death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7483066/ doi: 10.1186/s43042-020-00097-x id: cord-307572-44503zbt author: Afolabi, Babalola I. title: Multimodality imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial essay date: 2020-07-30 words: 1904.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307572-44503zbt.txt summary: Imaging should be used to only answer definite clinical questions in symptomatic in-patients (e.g. suspected pulmonary embolism, distinguishing organising pneumonia from acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], excluding stroke or encephalopathy in those with neurological symptoms, etc.) [2] [3] [4] . Radiologists and other physicians need to be well acquainted with the radiological features of COVID-19 infection because the disease may be encountered in patients imaged for other indications. The common findings on chest radiography (consolidation, ground-glass opacities) are usually bilateral and peripheral, with lower zone predominance [5] . Consolidation occurs when pathological fluids, tissues, or cells replace alveolar air, causing opacification due to the increase of pulmonary parenchymal density obscuring the underlying vessels ( Figure 9 ) [7, 8] Consolidation often becomes the second most predominant finding about 14 days after the onset of the disease [7] . abstract: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or new coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) is now a global pandemic with attendant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic disruption. Its features have been described on plain chest radiography, chest computed tomography (CT), chest ultrasonography, brain CT, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Based on current evidence, imaging plays an ancillary role in the management of those with severe illness. This essay illustrates the imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pictorially. url: https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.97957 doi: 10.5114/pjr.2020.97957 id: cord-308114-68cgub5o author: Afrin, Lawrence B. title: Covid-19 Hyperinflammation and Post-Covid-19 Illness May Be Rooted in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome date: 2020-09-10 words: 3455.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308114-68cgub5o.txt summary: MCs, present in all vascularized tissues but dominantly at the environmental interfaces and in vessel walls (Akin and Metcalfe, 2004) , are activated by the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus which causes Covid-19 infection (Kritas et al., 2020; Theoharides, 2020; Zhou et al., 2020) , leading to MC activation and resulting release of various subsets of the MC''s >1000 potent multi-action mediators (Ibelgaufts, 2020) (including biogenic amines (e.g., histamine), proteases (e.g., tryptase and chymase), cytokines (e.g., interleukins and TNF-α), eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins and leukotrienes), heparin, and growth factors) increasingly thought to play a key role in driving the hyperinflammation of severe Covid-19 illness (Kempuraj et al., 2020; Valent et al., 2020) . abstract: Objectives One-fifth of Covid-19 patients suffer a severely symptomatic, hyperinflammatory course, but specific causes remain unclear. Mast cells (MCs) are activated by SARS-CoV-2. Though only recently recognized, MC activation syndrome (MCAS), usually due to acquired MC clonality, is a chronic multisystem disorder with inflammatory and allergic themes and estimated prevalence of 17%. We describe a novel conjecture explaining how MCAS might cause propensity for severe acute Covid-19 infection and chronic post-Covid-19 illnesses. Methods Observations of Covid-19 illness in patients with/without MCAS, set against our extensive clinical experience with MCAS. Results The prevalence of MCAS is concordant with the prevalence of severe cases within the Covid-19-infected population. Much of Covid-19’s hyperinflammation is concordant with manners of inflammation which MC activation can drive. Drugs with activity against MCs or their mediators have been preliminarily observed helpful in Covid-19 patients. None of our treated MCAS patients who have endured Covid-19 infection have suffered severe courses of the infection, let alone mortality. Conclusions Hyperinflammatory cytokine storms in many severely symptomatic Covid-19 patients may be rooted in aberrant response to SARS-CoV-2 by the dysfunctional MCs of MCAS rather than normal response by normal MCs. If provable, our conjecture has significant therapeutic and prognostic implications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920235/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.016 id: cord-313286-nqvuas3p author: Afshar Jahanshahi, A. title: The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic - More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors date: 2020-04-07 words: 1969.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313286-nqvuas3p.txt summary: Findings The distress level of Iranian adults (mean: 34.54; s.d.: 14.92) was significantly higher (mean difference: 10.9; t=22.7; p<0.0001; 95% CI: 10.0 to 11.8) than that of Chinese adults (mean: 23.65; s.d.: 5.45) as reported in a prior study with the same measure of Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). Interpretation Our findings that the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China suggest the need to study the predictors of mental health in individual countries during the Covid-19 pandemic to effectively identify and screen for those more susceptible to mental health issues. Participants answered the survey on their gender, age bracket, education level, number of children, whether they had Covid-19, exercise hours per day in the past week, working situation (work from home; work in office, etc.), employment status (employed, unemployed, studying, and retired) and the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) 5 . abstract: Background Early papers on the mental health of the public during the Covid-19 pandemic surveyed participants from China. Outside of China, Iran has emerged as one of the most affected countries with a high death count and rate. The paper presents the first empirical evidence from Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic on their level of distress and its predictors. Methods On March 25-28, 2020, a dire time for Covid-19 in Iran, we surveyed 1058 adults from all 30 provinces in Iran using the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). Findings The distress level of Iranian adults (mean: 34.54; s.d.: 14.92) was significantly higher (mean difference: 10.9; t=22.7; p<0.0001; 95% CI: 10.0 to 11.8) than that of Chinese adults (mean: 23.65; s.d.: 5.45) as reported in a prior study with the same measure of Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). We also found the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China. Interpretation Our findings that the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China suggest the need to study the predictors of mental health in individual countries during the Covid-19 pandemic to effectively identify and screen for those more susceptible to mental health issues. Keywords: Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV; Distress; Mental health; Psychiatric screening; Identifiers of mental issues in Covid-19 pandemic; Iran; Early evidence url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.03.20052571v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20052571 id: cord-253777-h8wy0coq author: Afshar, Hale title: Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS- CoV2 infection: A close Clinical – Paraclinical follow up study of a case date: 2020-05-21 words: 1560.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253777-h8wy0coq.txt summary: We report a para-infectious encephalitis patient with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings during evolution and convalescence phase of coronavirus infection. Herein we report a case with clinical (including respiratory and neurological), laboratory, chest Computed Tomography and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (B-MRI) findings during evolution and convalescence phase which can illuminate the natural history of similar cases. These results led to the diagnosis of para-infectious encephalitis associated with COVID-19 and treatment with IVIg continued to a total dosage of 3g/kg of body weight (250g total) which resulted in considerable improvement in consciousness, but discontinued because of headaches (day 28). Our patient before diagnosis of neurologic involvement had received IVIg (25 g/day for three days) as a part of treatment for COVID-19 severe pulmonary involvement; and after the CNS lesions were established, it was reinstituted and due to very good clinical and radiological response, we decided to continue IVIg therapy until complete recovery, unless there is a complication. abstract: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus 2 is reported to affect the nervous system. Among the reports of the various neurological manifestations, there are a few documented specific processes to explain the neurological signs. We report a para-infectious encephalitis patient with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings during evolution and convalescence phase of coronavirus infection. This comprehensive overview can illuminate the natural history of similar cases. As the two previously reported cases of encephalitis associated with this virus were not widely discussed regarding the treatment, we share our successful approach and add some recommendations about this new and scarce entity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211034820302923?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102216 id: cord-336178-k8za0doe author: Afshar, Parnian title: COVID-CAPS: A Capsule Network-based Framework for Identification of COVID-19 cases from X-ray Images date: 2020-09-16 words: 4233.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336178-k8za0doe.txt summary: To potentially and further improve diagnosis capabilities of the COVID-CAPS, pre-training and transfer learning are utilized based on a new dataset constructed from an external dataset of X-ray images. In a study by Wang and Wong [9] , a CNN model is first pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset [10] , followed by finetuning using a dataset of X-ray images to classify subjects as normal, bacterial, non-COVID-19 viral, and COVID-19 viral infection, achieving an overall accuracy of 83.5%. In a similar study by Sethy and Behera [11] , different CNN models are trained on X-ray images, followed by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to identify positive COVID-19 cases, reaching an accuracy of 95.38%. In summary, pre-training with an external dataset of X-ray images further improved accuracy of COVID-CAPS to 98.3%, specificity to 98.6%, and AUC to 0.97, however, with a lower sensitivity of 80%. abstract: Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has abruptly and undoubtedly changed the world as we know it at the end of the 2nd decade of the 21st century. COVID-19 is extremely contagious and quickly spreading globally making its early diagnosis of paramount importance. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 enables health care professionals and government authorities to break the chain of transition and flatten the epidemic curve. The common type of COVID-19 diagnosis test, however, requires specific equipment and has relatively low sensitivity. Computed tomography (CT) scans and X-ray images, on the other hand, reveal specific manifestations associated with this disease. Overlap with other lung infections makes human-centered diagnosis of COVID-19 challenging. Consequently, there has been an urgent surge of interest to develop Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based diagnosis solutions, mainly based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to facilitate identification of positive COVID-19 cases. CNNs, however, are prone to lose spatial information between image instances and require large datasets. The paper presents an alternative modeling framework based on Capsule Networks, referred to as the COVID-CAPS, being capable of handling small datasets, which is of significant importance due to sudden and rapid emergence of COVID-19. Our results based on a dataset of X-ray images show that COVID-CAPS has advantage over previous CNN-based models. COVID-CAPS achieved an Accuracy of 95.7%, Sensitivity of 90%, Specificity of 95.8%, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.97, while having far less number of trainable parameters in comparison to its counterparts. To potentially and further improve diagnosis capabilities of the COVID-CAPS, pre-training and transfer learning are utilized based on a new dataset constructed from an external dataset of X-ray images. This is in contrary to existing works on COVID-19 detection where pre-training is performed based on natural images. Pre-training with a dataset of similar nature further improved accuracy to 98.3% and specificity to 98.6%. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167865520303512?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2020.09.010 id: cord-177001-ron8oqrn author: Afshordi, Niayesh title: Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-01 words: 9979.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-177001-ron8oqrn.txt summary: Compared to the linear model of the previous section (Table 1b) Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States individual''s probability of becoming infectious, and the distributions of incubation period and generation interval, all as a function of the median age of the population (see Supplementary Material). To obtain the simplest nontrivial incubation period, we assume that β(C) =β Θ(C − 1)where Θ(x) is the Heaviside step function -meaning Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States that an infected individual is only infectious once they reach stage C = 1, and the infection rate constant is otherwise unchanging. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, sparing almost no community. As the disease will likely remain a threat for years to come, an understanding of the precise influences of human demographics and settlement, as well as the dynamic factors of climate, susceptible depletion, and intervention, on the spread of localized epidemics will be vital for mounting an effective response. We consider the entire set of local epidemics in the United States; a broad selection of demographic, population density, and climate factors; and local mobility data, tracking social distancing interventions, to determine the key factors driving the spread and containment of the virus. Assuming first a linear model for the rate of exponential growth (or decay) in cases/mortality, we find that population-weighted density, humidity, and median age dominate the dynamics of growth and decline, once interventions are accounted for. A focus on distinct metropolitan areas suggests that some locales benefited from the timing of a nearly simultaneous nationwide shutdown, and/or the regional climate conditions in mid-March; while others suffered significant outbreaks prior to intervention. Using a first-principles model of the infection spread, we then develop predictions for the impact of the relaxation of social distancing and local climate conditions. A few regions, where a significant fraction of the population was infected, show evidence that the epidemic has partially resolved via depletion of the susceptible population (i.e.,"herd immunity"), while most regions in the United States remain overwhelmingly susceptible. These results will be important for optimal management of intervention strategies, which can be facilitated using our online dashboard. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.00159v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-138965-pcmpc5sd author: Afzal, Shehzad title: A Visual Analytics Based Decision Making Environment for COVID-19 Modeling and Visualization date: 2020-10-22 words: 3737.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-138965-pcmpc5sd.txt summary: To this end, we have developed a visual analytics environment that enables public health officials to model, simulate, and explore the spread of COVID-19 by supplying county-level information such as population, demographics, and hospital beds. This environment facilitates users to explore spatiotemporal model simulation data relevant to COVID-19 through a geospatial map with linked statistical views, apply different decision measures at different points in time, and understand their potential impact. 1) COVID-19 modeling and simulation, extending our work on Pandemic Influenza [4, 19] , 2) A visual analytics environment where users can explore COVID-19 spread scenarios, apply different decision measures to create scenarios, adjust model parameters, and prepare plans to ensure availability of resources. Utilizing this visual analytics environment, public health officials can explore COVID-19 county-level simulation data generated by our model, apply different decision measures to reduce the pandemic''s impact, and modify model parameters and settings to create and analyze different spread scenarios. abstract: Public health officials dealing with pandemics like COVID-19 have to evaluate and prepare response plans. This planning phase requires not only looking into the spatiotemporal dynamics and impact of the pandemic using simulation models, but they also need to plan and ensure the availability of resources under different spread scenarios. To this end, we have developed a visual analytics environment that enables public health officials to model, simulate, and explore the spread of COVID-19 by supplying county-level information such as population, demographics, and hospital beds. This environment facilitates users to explore spatiotemporal model simulation data relevant to COVID-19 through a geospatial map with linked statistical views, apply different decision measures at different points in time, and understand their potential impact. Users can drill-down to county-level details such as the number of sicknesses, deaths, needs for hospitalization, and variations in these statistics over time. We demonstrate the usefulness of this environment through a use case study and also provide feedback from domain experts. We also provide details about future extensions and potential applications of this work. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11897v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-291253-5mzcvfm4 author: Afzal, Waseem title: What we can learn from information flows about COVID‐19: Implications for research and practice date: 2020-10-22 words: 3244.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291253-5mzcvfm4.txt summary: As a starting point, this research analyzes information about COVID‐19 from a selection of information sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (NHCPRC), and three news outlets with vast global coverage. The purpose of this research is to examine information flows about COVID-19 and to identify the information-specific underpinnings that are shaping the information environment of this pandemic and contributing to understandings of and abilities to manage and control this crisis. Regarding the increased magnitude of information flow about COVID-19, events such as the following occurred: (a) the confirmation of infections outside China started to become more regular and the virus reached 20 countries by January 30 (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-31/coronavirus-map-tracks-spread-throughout-world/ 11912828), (b) concerns about the virus becoming a global crisis began to be voiced by researchers in scholarly communication and in mass media (e.g., Riou & Althaus, 2020 ; https://www.bbc.cm/news/world-asiachina-51249208), and (c) the WHO started issuing "situation reports" on January 21, providing daily updates on COVID-19, leading to the declaration of the novel coronavirus as a "public health emergency of international concern" on January 30, 2020. abstract: COVID‐19 has become a global pandemic affecting billions of people. Its impact on societies worldwide will be felt for years to come. The purpose of this research is to examine information flows about COVID‐19 to understand the information‐specific underpinnings that are shaping understandings of this crisis. As a starting point, this research analyzes information about COVID‐19 from a selection of information sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHCPRC), and three news outlets with vast global coverage. The analysis reveals some distinctive information underpinnings about COVID‐19, including (a) flows of information becoming regular and larger around certain dates, (b) preponderance of information imperfections such as incomplete information, misinformation, and disinformation, and (c) absence of information about some key turning points. The implications of these information imperfections in that they create information failures and, hence, ineffective approaches to dealing with this crisis warrant further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173811/ doi: 10.1002/pra2.245 id: cord-295767-92oxdmxq author: Aga, Syed Sameer title: Évaluation de la santé mentale et des diverses stratégies d''adaptation dans la population générale vivant sous l''emprise de la COVID à travers le monde : Une étude transversal date: 2020-07-28 words: 3802.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295767-92oxdmxq.txt summary: Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown. Hence, to answer these burning questions we designed this study to attempt to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress of the general people living under the COVID enforced lockdown in various cities of the world and also to understand how they are utilizing their lockdown time to cope with such an unprecedented isolation and quarantine. This is the first study that has evaluated the mental health of respondents during COVID lockdown using DASS-42 across general population. COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown 1 measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy. abstract: Résumé La maladie à corona (COVID-19) qui s'est déclarée en décembre 2019 dans la ville chinoise de Wuhan est devenue une menace mondiale et constitue actuellement la plus grande épidémie connue de pneumonie atypique affectant tous les continents du monde avec environ 6 416 828 cas et 382 867 décès. On sait que les confinements imposés par la maladie provoquent des niveaux accrus de dépression, d'anxiété et de stress. Notre étude visait à étudier l'impact immédiat du confinement imposé par la pandémie de COVID-19 sur la santé mentale et la qualité de vie de la population générale âgée de 18 ans et à identifier les différentes stratégies d'adaptation utilisées dans le cadre du confinement. Une enquête en ligne a été menée entre le 1er avril et le 10 mai 2020, à l'aide d'un questionnaire validé basé sur la DASS-42, en utilisant une technique d'échantillonnage en boule de neige. Au total, 418 réponses provenant de 16 pays différents ont été reçues. Les personnes interrogées présentaient un niveau élevé de dépression et d'anxiété, qui différaient sensiblement entre les sexes. En outre, les participants des pays en développement - Inde et Pakistan - souffraient de dépression grave, tandis que les participants de l'Inde, du Pakistan et du Royaume d'Arabie Saoudite souffraient d'anxiété grave. Nous avons également constaté que parmi les différentes stratégies d'adaptation, a) regarder la télévision pour se divertir, b) les réseaux sociaux, c) écouter de la musique, d) dormir, e) faire des tâches ménagères banales comme le nettoyage, la lessive, etc. f) bien manger, et g) nettoyer/finir mon travail accumulé ont été classés parmi les stratégies d'adaptation les plus utilisées par tous les participants. Cette étude identifie le besoin de fournir des services professionnels et psychologiques gratuits pour aider à faire face au stress pendant le confinement imposé par la maladie. ABSTRACT The 2019 corona virus disease (COVID-19) which outbreak in December 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan has became a global threat and is currently the largest known outbreak of atypical pneumonia affecting every continent of the world with about 6,416,828 cases and 382,867 deaths. Disease enforced lockdowns are known to cause heightened levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Our study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic enforced lockdown on mental health and quality of life among general population aged 18 years and to identify various coping strategies used under lockdown. An online survey was conducted between 1st of April - 10th of May, 2020; using a validated questionnaire based on DASS-42, employing a snowball sampling technique. A total of 418 responses from 16 different countries were received. The respondents had a high level of depression and anxiety scores, which were significantly different among genders. Also, participants from developing countries – India and Pakistan had severe depression while as participants from India, Pakistan and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had severe anxiety. We also found that among the various coping strategies, a) watching television for entertainment, b) social networking, c) listening to music, d) sleeping, e) doing mundane house chores like cleaning, washing etc f) eating well, and g) clearing/finishing my piled-up work were ranked among the most utilized coping strategies by all participants. This study identifies the need to provide the free professional and psychological services to help cope with stress during the disease enforced lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100571 doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100571 id: cord-128991-mb91j2zs author: Agapiou, Sergios title: Modeling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Cyprus date: 2020-10-05 words: 7453.0 sentences: 419.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-128991-mb91j2zs.txt summary: Here we report our work including results from statistical and mathematical models used to understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Cyprus, during the time period starting from the beginning of March till the end of May 2020. We use change-point detection, count time series methods and compartmental models for short and long term projections, respectively. Testing approaches in the Republic of Cyprus included: a) targeted testing of suspect cases and their contacts; of repatriates at the airport and during their 14-day quarantine; of teachers and students when schools re-opened in mid-May; of employees in essential services that continued their operation throughout the first pandemic wave (e.g., customer services, public domain); and of health-care workers in public hospitals, and b) population screenings following random sampling in the general population of most districts and in two municipalities with increased disease burden. abstract: The Republic of Cyprus is a small island in the southeast of Europe and member of the European Union. The first wave of COVID-19 in Cyprus started in early March, 2020 (imported cases) and peaked in late March-early April. The health authorities responded rapidly and rigorously to the COVID-19 pandemic by scaling-up testing, increasing efforts to trace and isolate contacts of cases, and implementing measures such as closures of educational institutions, and travel and movement restrictions. The pandemic was also a unique opportunity that brought together experts from various disciplines including epidemiologists, clinicians, mathematicians, and statisticians. The aim of this paper is to present the efforts of this new, multidisciplinary research team in modelling the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Cyprus. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01927v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273176-7z6e5jhh author: Agarwal, A. title: Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate COVID-19 in India: An open-label parallel-arm phase II multicentre randomized controlled trial (PLACID Trial) date: 2020-09-08 words: 5585.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273176-7z6e5jhh.txt summary: Patients aged at least 18 years who were confirmed to have COVID-19 based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and were admitted to the participating hospitals were screened for eligibility and included if they were moderately ill with either partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio between 200-300 or respiratory rate >24/min with SpO2 < 93% on room air, 17 and if matched donor CP was available at the point of enrolment. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20187252 doi: medRxiv preprint transfusing CP early in the disease, subgroup analysis for the composite outcome was conducted in participants who had symptoms for less than or equal to 3 days at enrolment. The PLACID trial results indicate that there was no difference in 28-day mortality or progression to severe disease among moderately ill COVID-19 patients treated with CP along with BSC All rights reserved. abstract: Objectives: Convalescent plasma (CP) as a passive source of neutralizing antibodies and immunomodulators is a century-old therapeutic option used for the management of viral diseases. We investigated its effectiveness for the treatment of COVID-19. Design: Open-label, parallel-arm, phase II, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Thirty-nine public and private hospitals across India. Participants: Hospitalized, moderately ill confirmed COVID-19 patients (PaO2/FiO2: 200-300 or respiratory rate > 24/min and SpO2 [≤] 93% on room air). Intervention: Participants were randomized to either control (best standard of care (BSC)) or intervention (CP + BSC) arm. Two doses of 200 mL CP was transfused 24 hours apart in the intervention arm. Main Outcome Measure: Composite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2<100) or all-cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment. Results: Between 22 nd April to 14 th July 2020, 464 participants were enrolled; 235 and 229 in intervention and control arm, respectively. Composite primary outcome was achieved in 44 (18.7%) participants in the intervention arm and 41 (17.9%) in the control arm [aOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.77]. Mortality was documented in 34 (13.6%) and 31 (14.6%) participants in intervention and control arm, respectively [aOR) 1.06 95% CI: -0.61 to 1.83]. Interpretation: CP was not associated with reduction in mortality or progression to severe COVID-19. This trial has high generalizability and approximates real-life setting of CP therapy in settings with limited laboratory capacity. A priori measurement of neutralizing antibody titres in donors and participants may further clarify the role of CP in management of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20187252 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20187252 id: cord-253970-sbj869yy author: Agarwal, Amit title: Neurological emergencies associated with COVID-19: stroke and beyond date: 2020-08-11 words: 2417.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253970-sbj869yy.txt summary: There is limited knowledge on the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 at present, with a wide array of neurological complications reported, ranging from ischemic stroke to acute demyelination and encephalitis. The second subset of neurological presentation involves a response to the cytokine storm and multi-system inflammation including acute demyelination, vasculitis, necrotizing encephalopathy, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Table 1 provides a summary of the most common (1) vascular complications with stroke secondary to arterial or venous thrombosis, related to the known hypercoagulable state seen in COVID [4, 5, 14] , and (2) much broader gamut including diffuse leukoencephalopathy, acute demyelination, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), necrotizing encephalopathy, and focal cytotoxic edema, primarily seen as a consequence of systemic inflammation and cytokine storm seen with COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] . The most common neurological presentation reported has been ischemic stroke, secondary to arterial or venous thrombosis, because of the hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 1, 2020. Neurological manifestations are now being reported worldwide, including emergent presentation with acute neurological changes as well as a comorbidity in hospitalized patients. There is limited knowledge on the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 at present, with a wide array of neurological complications reported, ranging from ischemic stroke to acute demyelination and encephalitis. We report five cases of COVID-19 presenting to the ER with acute neurological symptoms, over the course of 1 month. This includes two cases of ischemic stroke, one with large-vessel occlusion and one with embolic infarcts. The remainders of the cases include acute tumefactive demyelination, isolated cytotoxic edema of the corpus callosum with subarachnoid hemorrhage, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32778985/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01837-7 id: cord-280996-anq680a1 author: Agarwal, Arnav title: High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission date: 2020-06-15 words: 7117.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280996-anq680a1.txt summary: title: High-flow nasal cannula for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19: systematic reviews of effectiveness and its risks of aerosolization, dispersion, and infection transmission Review 1: we synthesized results from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFNC to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula may reduce the need for invasive ventilation and escalation of therapy compared with COT in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Conclusions High-flow nasal cannula may reduce the need for invasive ventilation and escalation of therapy compared with COT in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We conducted two rapid systematic reviews commissioned by the WHO to summarize the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and risk of aerosol generation and infection transmission during HFNC use among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted two World Health Organization-commissioned reviews to inform use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We synthesized the evidence regarding efficacy and safety (review 1), as well as risks of droplet dispersion, aerosol generation, and associated transmission (review 2) of viral products. SOURCE: Literature searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese databases, and medRxiv. Review 1: we synthesized results from randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HFNC to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Review 2: we narratively summarized findings from studies evaluating droplet dispersion, aerosol generation, or infection transmission associated with HFNC. For both reviews, paired reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We evaluated certainty of evidence using GRADE methodology. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: No eligible studies included COVID-19 patients. Review 1: 12 RCTs (n = 1,989 patients) provided low-certainty evidence that HFNC may reduce invasive ventilation (relative risk [RR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.99) and escalation of oxygen therapy (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.98) in patients with respiratory failure. Results provided no support for differences in mortality (moderate certainty), or in-hospital or intensive care length of stay (moderate and low certainty, respectively). Review 2: four studies evaluating droplet dispersion and three evaluating aerosol generation and dispersion provided very low certainty evidence. Two simulation studies and a crossover study showed mixed findings regarding the effect of HFNC on droplet dispersion. Although two simulation studies reported no associated increase in aerosol dispersion, one reported that higher flow rates were associated with increased regions of aerosol density. CONCLUSIONS: High-flow nasal cannula may reduce the need for invasive ventilation and escalation of therapy compared with COT in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. This benefit must be balanced against the unknown risk of airborne transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01740-2 doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01740-2 id: cord-297013-0ykz2raz author: Agarwal, D. K. title: Alternative Approaches for Modelling COVID-19:High-Accuracy Low-Data Predictions date: 2020-07-25 words: 4308.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297013-0ykz2raz.txt summary: Methods: Instead of relying on highly parameterized models, we design and train multiple neural networks with data on a national and state level, from 9 COVID-19 affected countries, including Indian and US states and territories. Further, we use an array of curve-fitting techniques on government-reported numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, separately projecting and collating curves from multiple regions across the globe, at multiple levels of granularity, combining heavily-localized extrapolations to create accurate national predictions. Further, we use an array of curve-fitting techniques on government-reported numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, separately projecting and collating curves from multiple regions across the globe, at multiple levels of granularity, combining heavily-localized extrapolations to create accurate national predictions. Therefore, we use curve-fitting and machine-learning models on national-and state-level data to predict government-reported numbers of total infections in multiple countries. abstract: Background: Numerous models have tried to predict the spread of COVID-19. Many involve myriad assumptions and parameters which cannot be reliably calculated under current conditions. We describe machine-learning and curve-fitting based models using fewer assumptions and readily available data. Methods: Instead of relying on highly parameterized models, we design and train multiple neural networks with data on a national and state level, from 9 COVID-19 affected countries, including Indian and US states and territories. Further, we use an array of curve-fitting techniques on government-reported numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, separately projecting and collating curves from multiple regions across the globe, at multiple levels of granularity, combining heavily-localized extrapolations to create accurate national predictions. Findings: We achieve an R2 of 0.999 on average through the use of curve-fits and fine-tuned statistical learning methods on historical, global data. Using neural network implementations, we consistently predict the number of reported cases in 9 geographically- and demographically-varied countries and states with an accuracy of 99.53% for 14 days of forecast and 99.1% for 24 days of forecast. Interpretation: We have shown that curve-fitting and machine-learning methods applied on reported COVID-19 data almost perfectly reproduce the results of far more complex and data-intensive epidemiological models. Using our methods, several other parameters may be established, such as the average detection rate of COVID-19. As an example, we find that the detection rate of cases in India (even with our most lenient estimates) is 2.38% - almost a fourth of the world average of 9%. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159731 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159731 id: cord-306465-7kevsl1z author: Agarwal, Krishna Mohan title: Study and Overview of the Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-06 words: 2645.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306465-7kevsl1z.txt summary: In December 2019, a new disease with pneumonia-like symptoms was spreading throughout Wuhan in China which was entitled as novel coronavirus disease or COVID -19 caused by the virus SARS CoV-2. The current global pandemic is caused by the "novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) popularly known as COVID19 Hunan seafood market was sealed, on 7 th January roughly a week after China''s notification of a possible outbreak the disease was confirmed to be the novel coronavirus disease or COVID-19 which has more than 95% homology with bat coronavirus and almost 70% similarity to the SARS CoV-1 Flatten the curve is a statement used during healthcare emergencies, its basic concept is to limit the spread of the virus such that at any given time during a pandemic the total number of patients required to be hospitalized is less than the maximum capacity of the state''s health infrastructure. abstract: In December 2019, a new disease with pneumonia-like symptoms was spreading throughout Wuhan in China which was entitled as novel coronavirus disease or COVID -19 caused by the virus SARS CoV-2. Within a span of a few days, this disease became a global threat and was termed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020, since then the disease has affected more than 1.5 crore people worldwide and around 6.9 lakh people in India as of 5th July 2020. The origin of the COVID-19 disease has been traced back to the bats, but the intermediary contact is unknown. The disease spreads by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. In most cases, the virus shows mild symptoms like fever, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, etc. which may become severe if appropriate precautions are not adhered to. For people with comorbidities (usually elderly) the disease may turn deadly and cause pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure, thereby affecting a person's ability to breathe leading to being put on the ventilator support. The reproduction number (Rℴ) of COVID-19 is much higher than its predecessors and genetically similar diseases like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This paper discusses the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its phylogenetic relationship with the previous pandemic causing viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV and analyzes the various responses to this global pandemic worldwide, focusing on the actions taken by India and their outcomes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666351120300371?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100037 id: cord-283248-tdp9x821 author: Agarwal, Minu title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency CT head utilization in Ontario—an observational study of tertiary academic hospitals date: 2020-10-06 words: 2912.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283248-tdp9x821.txt summary: PURPOSE: To determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads performed in the emergency department (ED) at Canadian tertiary academic centers in Ontario. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive CT head examinations ordered through the ED during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (March 12–April 8, 2020) was performed and compared with that during the pre-COVID-19 period (February 12–March 10, 2020). CONCLUSION: The decreased volume of emergency CT heads performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with acute findings. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads ordered through the ED at our institution in comparable time periods before and after the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Hamilton, Ontario. abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the impact of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the volume, indications, and results of CT heads performed in the emergency department (ED) at Canadian tertiary academic centers in Ontario. METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive CT head examinations ordered through the ED during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (March 12–April 8, 2020) was performed and compared with that during the pre-COVID-19 period (February 12–March 10, 2020). CT reports were reviewed for the exam indication and the presence of predefined acute findings. A two-sample t test was utilized to compare the cohorts. Daily averages were calculated for all measures to control for the sample size difference between each period. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Of the total 751 CT head reports, 290 (38.6%) were ordered during the pandemic and 461 (61.4%) were ordered pre-pandemic. The average daily volume of CT head orders decreased significantly during COVID-19 compared with that during pre-COVID-19 (10.4 scans/day vs 16.5 scans/day; p = 0.001). In terms of indications, the frequency of “non-traumatic ICH” was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared with that during pre-COVID-19 (p = 0.01). Also, there was a significant increase in acute findings on CT during COVID-19 compared with that during pre-COVID-19 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The decreased volume of emergency CT heads performed during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant increase in the proportion of cases with acute findings. This could be a result of the pandemic’s influence on the health-seeking behavior of patients as well as the decision-making process of ordering clinicians. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33025216/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01857-3 id: cord-336702-2qa4u8gv author: Agarwal, Sangya title: Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 words: 2364.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336702-2qa4u8gv.txt summary: Consistent with HLH, accumulations of macrophages are found in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 ( 9 ) , and HLH has previously been reported in patients with SARS, MERS, and other severe systemic viral infections. Drug treatments used for HLH/MAS and ARDS may also be effective in treating patients with COVID-19. Thus, an urgent need emerges to uncover therapies that may be effective for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, if properly timed in patients after exposure to virus, CSA could serve as a broad-spectrum inhibitor to control SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease the magnitude of cytokine release. This shows not only the coincidence of treatments that modulate dysfunctional host immune responses, but also the potential complications with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 infections and cancer immunotherapies. This is important because comorbidities from CRS due to CAR T-cell therapy and HLH-like symptoms due to SARS-CoV 2 infection could be fatal. abstract: Cytokine release and macrophage activation contribute to immunopathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss approaches to decrease the morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 by repurposing existing drugs previously developed for cancer therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303509/ doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0473 id: cord-337098-33yj5g5v author: Agarwal, Shivani title: Preadmission Diabetes-Specific Risk Factors for Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes and Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 words: 3625.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337098-33yj5g5v.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HbA(1c), outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS: In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Few studies have specifically examined the effect of preadmission glycemic control in patients with diabetes and risk of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19, despite having great implications for outpatient glycemic management during the pandemic. The goal of this study was to use a U.S. cohort to examine the association of outpatient glycemic control, diabetes treatment, and other characteristics with mortality among hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19. We investigated whether HbA 1c levels, outpatient diabetes treatment, and other characteristics were associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 and preexisting diabetes. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether HbA(1c), outpatient diabetes treatment regimen, demographics, and clinical characteristics are associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with diabetes hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 11 March to 7 May 2020 at a large academic medical center in New York City. Multivariate modeling was used to assess the independent association of HbA(1c) levels and outpatient diabetes treatment regimen with mortality, in addition to independent effects of demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: We included 1,126 hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19 for analysis, among whom mean age was 68 years, 50% were male, 75% were Black, mean BMI was 30 kg/m(2), 98% had type 2 diabetes, mean HbA(1c) was 7.5%, and 33.1% died. HbA(1c) levels were not associated with mortality in unadjusted or adjusted analyses, but an outpatient regimen with any insulin treatment was strongly predictive. Additionally, age, sex, and BMI interacted such that in all age categories, mortality was higher with increasing BMI in males compared with females. CONCLUSIONS: In this large U.S. cohort of hospitalized patients with diabetes and COVID-19, insulin treatment, as a possible proxy for diabetes duration, and obesity rather than long-term glycemic control were predictive of mortality. Further investigation of underlying mechanisms of mortality and inpatient glycemic control is needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769128/ doi: 10.2337/dc20-1543 id: cord-275506-3t5gf66c author: Agbuduwe, Charles title: Hematolological Manifestations of COVID‐19: From Cytopenia to Coagulopathy date: 2020-07-14 words: 4280.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275506-3t5gf66c.txt summary: [45] A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU identified DVT in 25% with advanced age, lower lymphocyte counts and elevated D-dimers being significant risk factors. [63] Currently, the evidence base for the clinical management of COVID-19 is mostly limited to case series and other relatively small observational studies of hospitalised patients. Similar to findings in SARS patients, [64] lymphopenia is the most commonly reported hematological abnormality in COVID-19 and recent data shows that it can be predictive of disease severity. The use of convalescent plasma may, in addition, provide neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and a small-scale clinical trial has reported modest but encouraging results in severely-ill but not in critical COVID-19 patients. In view of the increased thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19, prophylactic anticoagulation with low Accepted Article molecular weight heparin is recommended for all hospitalised patients with the disease and clinical trials are needed to investigate the role of more intensive anticoagulation and other experimental therapies. abstract: s Emerging data from the management of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) suggests multisystemic involvement, including the hemopoietic system. The hematological manifestations of COVID‐19 include blood count anomalies notably lymphopenia and neutrophilia which are of prognostic significance. Hyperferritinemia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase have also been associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence of a distinct coagulopathy associated with COVID‐19 characterised by elevated D‐dimers and an increased risk of thrombotic events. This comprehensive review summarises the latest evidence from published studies and discusses the implications of the various hematological manifestations of COVID‐19 with a view to guiding clinical management and risk stratification in this rapidly evolving pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663356/ doi: 10.1111/ejh.13491 id: cord-300811-l4y7df2f author: Aggarwal, Gaurav title: Association of Cardiovascular Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-28 words: 2537.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300811-l4y7df2f.txt summary: We conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies that reported the association of CVD with worse prognosis and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Inclusion criteria were observational case-control or cohort studies on COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD included, which reported outcomes of COVID-19 infection severity, clearly outlined the definition of "severe disease" and with sample size >10. To this end, we carried out a pooled analysis of current studies and evaluate the association between underlying or previous history of CVD conditions and outcomes of infection severity in COVID-19 patients. Pooled analysis of these studies did not find a significant association between previous history of CVD and mortality in severe COVID-19 disease (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 0.97-3.06, I 2 =0%, Cochran''s Q=1.56, p=0.46). A total of 3 (n= 566) studies reported data on mortality in all hospitalized patients COVID-19 disease and pre-existing history of CVD. abstract: Observational studies have reported an association between underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients, but this still remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies that reported the association of CVD with worse prognosis and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Literature search through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase was completed by 2 reviewers from November 1, 2019 to April 20, 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational case-control or cohort studies on COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD included, which reported outcomes of COVID-19 infection severity, clearly outlined the definition of “severe disease” and with sample size >10. Data were abstracted independently by 2 authors. Studies were divided into two separate cohorts for analysis: severity (severe vs. non-severe) and mortality (non-survivors vs. survivors). Data was pooled into a meta-analysis to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome. A total of 18 studies (n= 4,858 patients) were included. Sixteen studies were from China, while 2 were from the United States. Pre-existing CVD was associated with a significantly increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19 (OR= 3.14; 95% CI 2.32-4.24; I(2)=0%; Q= 8.68, p=0.73) and overall risk of COVID-19 all-cause mortality (OR= 11.08; 95% CI: 2.59-47.32; I(2)=55%; p=0.11). However, this study did not find a significant association between previous history of CVD and mortality in severe COVID-19 disease (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 0.97-3.06, I(2)=0%, p=0.46). Pre-existing CVD is associated with worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Clinicians and policymakers need to take account of these findings in implementing risk stratification models. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146280620300943?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100617 id: cord-326154-01es0zv4 author: Aggarwal, Gaurav title: Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 words: 2305.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt summary: Moreover, a decreased potassium level has also been reported in patients with COVID-19, which can cause electrocardiographic changes like prolonged QT interval and may increase the risk of adverse reactions with pharmacotherapies. The drugs of highest interest to-date include chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) alone or in combination with azithromycin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon alpha-2b 3 . A large meta-analysis of 33 randomized and observational studies found azithromycin use to be associated with higher risk of cardiovascular death but not with all-cause death 19 . If this drug does show therapeutic efficacy in treatment of COVID-19, then ongoing surveillance would be needed to study its potential cardiovascular adverse effects. The patients who have underlying cardiovascular disease or those who develop cardiac dysfunction during infection with COVID-19 are at higher risk of mortality. Though cumulative dose effects impact toxicity, conduction defects, prolongation of QTc interval, cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease have been shown to occur with use of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, interferon-alpha and lopinavir/ritonavir therapies. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. It is still uncontrolled in most countries and no therapies are currently available. Various drugs are under investigation for its treatment. The disease is known to have worse outcomes in patients who have underlying cardiovascular disease. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir and lopinavir/ritonavir are currently being studied in trials and show some promise. Conduction disorders, heart failure and mortality have been reported with the use of these drugs. It is important to have a knowledge of potential cardiotoxic effects of these drugs before using them for COVID-19 patients for better allocation of healthcare resources and improvement in clinical outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425199/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.054 id: cord-195929-cgabxs19 author: Aggarwal, Jai title: Exploration of Gender Differences in COVID-19 Discourse on Reddit date: 2020-08-13 words: 3295.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-195929-cgabxs19.txt summary: Using a novel dataset of male and female linguistic productions collected from the Reddit discussion platform, we further confirm existing assumptions about gender-linked affective distinctions, and demonstrate that these distinctions are amplified in social media postings involving emotionally-charged discourse related to COVID-19. We use our COVID and baseline datasets for analysis of emotional differences as well as topical preferences in spontaneous productions by male and female authors on Reddit. First, Table 1 shows considerable differences between M and F authors in the baseline dataset for all three emotional dimensions (albeit a tiny effect size in valence), in line with established assumptions in this field (Burriss et al., 2007; Hoffman, 2008; Thelwall et al., 2010) : women score higher in use of positive language, while men score higher on arousal and dominance. Using a large dataset of COVID-related utterances by men and women on the Reddit discussion platforms, we show clear distinctions along emotional dimensions between the two genders, and demonstrate that these differences are amplified in emotionallyintensive discourse on the pandemic. abstract: Decades of research on differences in the language of men and women have established postulates about preferences in lexical, topical, and emotional expression between the two genders, along with their sociological underpinnings. Using a novel dataset of male and female linguistic productions collected from the Reddit discussion platform, we further confirm existing assumptions about gender-linked affective distinctions, and demonstrate that these distinctions are amplified in social media postings involving emotionally-charged discourse related to COVID-19. Our analysis also confirms considerable differences in topical preferences between male and female authors in spontaneous pandemic-related discussions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.05713v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-277146-4a4vz36h author: Aggarwal, Mukul title: Hemostatic Abnormalities in COVID-19: An Update date: 2020-08-11 words: 4630.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277146-4a4vz36h.txt summary: Multiple reports have reported the presence of deranged parameters of coagulation in patients of In this review, we will discuss the various pathophysiological mechanisms leading to COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC), derangement in laboratory parameters, incidence, and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention and treatment of CAC. Pulmonary Intravascular Coagulation, its Histopathological Evidence and Contribution of Cytokine Storm COVID-19 patients have been shown to have high levels of D-dimer [8, 9] but unlike patients of sepsis, they only have a mild prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), mild thrombocytopenia [4, 9] . They recommend standard dose LMWH as most preferred agent followed by UFH then DOAC for acutely ill and critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy abstract: COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic with lung being the primarily afflicted organ. Deranged hemostasis has been observed in patients with COVID-19 with scales tipped towards a prothrombotic state. The pathogenesis differs from disseminated intravascular coagulation with a primary pulmonary localization. This is referred to as pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy with strong component of thrombo-inflammation. This is reflected in the lab tests with an increase in D-dimer which correlates with severity and outcomes of disease. Common coagulation tests such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time are only mildly prolonged while most patients have normal to increased fibrinogen and marginal thrombocytopenia. Overall, the patients have an increase in venous and arterial thrombotic events especially in ICU patients. Routine thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is recommended in all hospitalized patients to reduce the incidence of thrombosis. Bleeding is uncommon and treated with blood products transfusion. This review shall discuss the hemostatic abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and their impact on prognosis. In addition, strategy of thromboprophylaxis and various academic society guidelines are discussed in detail. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837053/ doi: 10.1007/s12288-020-01328-2 id: cord-323314-y3k9dntf author: Aggarwal, Sandeep title: Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-22 words: 2786.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323314-y3k9dntf.txt summary: title: Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS), the only effective option for patients with obesity with or without comorbidities, has been stopped temporarily due to the ongoing novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In view of the possibility of resumption of BMS in near future, Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) constituted a committee of experienced surgeons to give recommendations about the requirements as well as precautions to be taken to restart BMS with emphasis on safe delivery and high-quality care. We produced this information sheet to provide patients undergoing bariatric surgical procedures with additional information on the risks of undergoing anaesthesia and surgery around the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO abstract: Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS), the only effective option for patients with obesity with or without comorbidities, has been stopped temporarily due to the ongoing novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there has been a recent change in the governmental strategy of dealing with this virus from ‘Stay at Home’ to ‘Stay Alert’ in many countries including India. A host of health services including elective surgeries are being resumed. In view of the possibility of resumption of BMS in near future, Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) constituted a committee of experienced surgeons to give recommendations about the requirements as well as precautions to be taken to restart BMS with emphasis on safe delivery and high-quality care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32829450/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04940-3 id: cord-332051-yw5zlucc author: Aghababaei, Soodabeh title: Perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women date: 2020-09-18 words: 3810.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332051-yw5zlucc.txt summary: RESULTS: 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had a high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. 97.3% of the participants had high performance in preventive behaviors, and 72.9% of pregnant women had a moderate level of risk perception related to the disease ( Table 2 ). Iranian pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the vulnerability of pregnant women, few studies have been conducted on their perceived risk and protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the perceived risk and protective behaviors regarding COVID-19 among pregnant women, in Hamadan, Iran. Using a two-stage cluster sampling method, 225 pregnant women referring to the health centers completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests as well as a stepwise linear regression model at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: 93.8% of pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, 97.3% had a high performance in protective behaviors, and 72.9% had a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. The highest mean score of knowledge was observed in women who had a history of influenza in their previous pregnancies (90.97 ± 5.94). The mean score of protective behaviors was significantly higher in women with a high economic level (97.78 ± 5.11), and the highest level of risk perception was observed in nulliparous women (59.97 ± 9.80). Risk perception was an independent predictor of protective behaviors related to COVID-19 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women had a high level of knowledge, high performance in protective behaviors, and a moderate level of risk perception related to COVID-19. History of influenza in previous pregnancies, high economic level, and nulliparity were associated with higher levels of knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception, respectively. Risk perception of pregnant women regarding COVID-19 can predict their protective behaviors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32963467/ doi: 10.1186/s43043-020-00038-z id: cord-297132-lhfa9fl5 author: Aghagoli, Ghazal title: Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review date: 2020-07-13 words: 5940.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297132-lhfa9fl5.txt summary: In this review, we synthesize a range of clinical observations and initial case series describing potential neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 and place these observations in the context of coronavirus neuro-pathophysiology as it may relate to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in a variety of symptoms including fever, cough, and fatigue [1] . The Kawasaki-like syndrome that is now described in young patients following COVID-19 infection and associated with a hyper-inflammatory state is further suggestive of a vascular inflammatory potential of SARS-CoV-2 [48, 49] . Once established in the CNS, SARS-CoV, the virus responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), has been shown to be capable of inducing rapid transneuronal spread and death of infected neurons in transgenic mice models expressing human ACE2 receptors [63] . abstract: As the current understanding of COVID-19 continues to evolve, a synthesis of the literature on the neurological impact of this novel virus may help inform clinical management and highlight potentially important avenues of investigation. Additionally, understanding the potential mechanisms of neurologic injury may guide efforts to better detect and ameliorate these complications. In this review, we synthesize a range of clinical observations and initial case series describing potential neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 and place these observations in the context of coronavirus neuro-pathophysiology as it may relate to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Reported nervous system manifestations range from anosmia and ageusia, to cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. While the volume of COVID-19-related case studies continues to grow, previous work examining related viruses suggests potential mechanisms through which the novel coronavirus may impact the CNS and result in neurological complications. Namely, animal studies examining the SARS-CoV have implicated the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 receptor as a mediator of coronavirus-related neuronal damage and have shown that SARS-CoV can infect cerebrovascular endothelium and brain parenchyma, the latter predominantly in the medial temporal lobe, resulting in apoptosis and necrosis. Human postmortem brain studies indicate that human coronavirus variants and SARS-CoV can infect neurons and glia, implying SARS-CoV-2 may have similar neurovirulence. Additionally, studies have demonstrated an increase in cytokine serum levels as a result of SARS-CoV infection, consistent with the notion that cytokine overproduction and toxicity may be a relevant potential mechanism of neurologic injury, paralleling a known pathway of pulmonary injury. We also discuss evidence that suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may be a vasculotropic and neurotropic virus. Early reports suggest COVID-19 may be associated with severe neurologic complications, and several plausible mechanisms exist to account for these observations. A heightened awareness of the potential for neurologic involvement and further investigation into the relevant pathophysiology will be necessary to understand and ultimately mitigate SARS-CoV-2-associated neurologic injury. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661794/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01049-4 id: cord-345866-wy07gd17 author: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi title: Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-11 words: 627.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345866-wy07gd17.txt summary: authors: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi; Alizargar, Javad; Hsieh, Nan-Chen; Wu, Shu-Fang Vivienne title: Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for reducing the risk of stroke and other thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients 3 on the effects of arterial and venous thromboembolic complications of COVID-19, including Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Ischemic Stroke, Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), and MI, was performed in the affected patients in a hospital in Milan, Italy. 4 recently reported five cases of large-vessel stroke in patients which were positive for COVID-19. Based on the information provided from Iran''s Ministry of Health 5 , patients with COVID-19 are more likely to have thromboembolic events. The use of prophylaxis with Enoxaparin or Heparin in severe cases of COVID-19 or in patients with D-dimer level more than six times of normal levels has been reported to reduce mortality. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0929664620301789 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.05.005 id: cord-259327-6hessuhh author: Agius, Raymond title: Disease and death from work: RIDDOR and covid-19 date: 2020-09-14 words: 1517.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259327-6hessuhh.txt summary: A second technical summary by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) reports 8666 covid-19 notifications (including 125 deaths) in Great Britain where occupational exposure was suspected as the cause during the pandemic up to 8 August 2020 [1] . These notifications arise out of the statutory duty of employers (usually acting on a medical diagnosis) to notify such cases to the HSE (or local authorities) as specified in the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (2013) (RIDDOR). Out of the 8666 cases in the HSE technical summary, 6736 (78%) were workers in the industry sectors of health care, residential care and other social work activities including 102 (81%) of the deaths. The HSE guidance [3] allows doctors to highlight the significance of work-related factors when communicating a diagnosis of covid-19 such that these cases would also be reportable. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa155 doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa155 id: cord-353854-hbrk4tp5 author: Agosti, Edoardo title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on spinal pathology: single center first impression date: 2020-05-05 words: 675.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353854-hbrk4tp5.txt summary: Hub Hospitals have been assigned to the treatment of time-dependent emergencies, in order to concentrate the management of COVID-19 patients in Spoke hospitals. As a Hub hospital, our Institution guarantees 24/7 acceptance of spinal and cranial emergencies. All scheduled surgical activities have been suspended, in order to concentrate resources in the treatment of time-dependent spinal and cranial neurosurgical and neurointerventional emergencies. Fifty days after the establishment of the new Hub and Spoke Lombard system, data relating to our centre showed an increase in the number of hospitalized and treated spinal trauma and spinal cord acute compression (Table 1) , while it was recorded a major drop in non-traumatological and degenerative spinal pathology. This explains the relative increase in the number of spinal trauma patients hospitalized and treated surgically in our center. Table 1 The number of hospitalized and surgical treated patients at our center for acute spinal cord compression and spinal trauma abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-020-0480-0 doi: 10.1038/s41393-020-0480-0 id: cord-322079-87iqc21s author: Agostiniani, Rino title: Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society date: 2020-09-16 words: 1716.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322079-87iqc21s.txt summary: title: Providing pediatric well-care and sick visits in the COVID-19 pandemic era: the recommendations of the Italian pediatric society The Italian Pediatric Society recommend to separate well visits from sick ones, to educate families and to promote hygienic strategies to provide an adequate pediatric assistance in case of a second pandemic wave. Although most pediatric cases are mild, pediatricians should maintain suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, visit sick patients and monitor their clinical conditions for the risk of complications, in order to avoid the spread of the infection to other children, schoolmates caregivers, family members and physicians. Regarding healthcare providers, as COVID 19 is not yet over in Italy, the Italian Pediatric Society recommend to use strategies to separate well visits from sick ones. In case of sick children, the Italian Pediatric Society recommends to identify those with signs or symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and: abstract: Pediatricians have observed a significant decrease in in-person child health visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the post lockdown period, the coronavirus trend remains positive in Italy but fears of a second wave have recently grown in Italy due to active hotbeds of contagion. The pandemic may negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare as it may present with severe signs and symptoms or it may complicate. The Italian Pediatric Society recommend to separate well visits from sick ones, to educate families and to promote hygienic strategies to provide an adequate pediatric assistance in case of a second pandemic wave. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938482/ doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00899-0 id: cord-355271-zynnr776 author: Agrawal, Amit title: Letter to the editor– “Staying Home - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 words: 640.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355271-zynnr776.txt summary: title: Letter to the editor– "Staying Home Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic Additionally, our apparent impression is that there is decrease in the number cases who are requiring neurosurgical interventions for neurotrauma related conditions. 6, 7 Furthermore, comparative reduction in the number of surgeries may be due to overall decrease in neurotrauma cases and also due to DNR (do not resuscitate) strategies in terminally sick patients. We also observe that probably the reduction in the incidence in neurotrauma cases (needs more studies and objective to support) is due to restriction of nonessential activities, social distancing, less crowding and restricted public as well as private transportation. An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India) Staying Home" -Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.035 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.035 id: cord-334495-7y1la856 author: Agricola, Eustachio title: Heart and Lung Multimodality Imaging in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 6791.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334495-7y1la856.txt summary: From a clinical point of view, cardiac involvement during COVID-19 may present a wide spectrum of severity ranging from subclinical myocardial injury to well-defined clinical entities (myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and heart failure), whose incidence and prognostic implications are currently largely unknown due to a significant lack of imaging data. The use of integrated heart and lung multimodality imaging plays a central role in different clinical settings and is essential in diagnosis, risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. In this context, the use of multiple diagnostic imaging techniques may apply to both heart and lung to provide an integrated assessment of cardiac and pulmonary function and to refine diagnosis, risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. patients not requiring ICU, when clinical presentation and biomarker alterations suggest acute-onset myocardial inflammation, if the diagnosis is likely to impact on management, CMR may be considered to confirm acute myocarditis, after exclusion of alternative relevant clinical conditions, including ACS and HF, by means of other rapidly available imaging modalities (i.e. cardiac CT scan or TTE). abstract: Abstract SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has rapidly reached a pandemic proportion and has become a major threaten to global health. Although the predominant clinical feature of COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome of varying severity, ranging from mild symptomatic interstitial pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cardiovascular system can be involved with several facets. As many as 40% hospitalized patients presenting with COVID-19 have pre-existing history of cardiovascular disease and current estimates report a proportion of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients ranging up to 12%. Multiple pathways have been advocated to explain this finding and the related clinical scenarios, encompassing local and systemic inflammatory response and oxygen supply-demand imbalance. From a clinical point of view, cardiac involvement during COVID-19 may present a wide spectrum of severity ranging from subclinical myocardial injury to well-defined clinical entities (myocarditis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and heart failure), whose incidence and prognostic implications are currently largely unknown due to a significant lack of imaging data. The use of integrated heart and lung multimodality imaging plays a central role in different clinical settings and is essential in diagnosis, risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. Aim of this review is to summarize imaging-oriented pathophysiological mechanisms of lung and cardiac involvement in COVID-19 and to provide a guide for an integrated imaging assessment in these patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1936878X20304770 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.017 id: cord-028529-d1g33f1c author: Agrifoglio, Alexander title: COVID-19 and fungal co-infections: we must keep them in mind date: 2020-07-04 words: 538.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028529-d1g33f1c.txt summary: In recent months and following this same line of research, other articles have been published that refer to fungal co-infections developed in critically ill patients COVID-19. How the authors describe, there seems to be an association between COVID-19 and the presence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which, of course, will require more research to support these preliminary results. With the data discussed above, we decided to perform a retrospective analysis from February 28th to June 28th of critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 viral pneumonia admitted to our ICU and the association with fungal infections. Therefore, these findings logically need to be confirmed in future clinical trials and to determine the potential role of invasive candidiasis in patients with COVID-19 but according with the data that we currently have and to our series of patients, we share with the authors same recommendations and goals such as epidemiological vigilance, optimizing early diagnosis and the introduction of treatment protocols. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334958/ doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101012 id: cord-307087-zsbmaieg author: Aguiar de Sousa, Diana title: The Curious Case of the Missing Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 words: 1386.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307087-zsbmaieg.txt summary: In these articles, colleagues from China 3 and Spain 4 used data from stroke registries to compare the number of admissions during the pandemic surge and the corresponding period in the previous year, confirming a clear reduction in stroke admissions during this early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. One study, based on data from a registry including 280 stroke centers throughout China, reported a 40% drop in stroke admissions during the pandemic surge. Unfortunately, although this registry includes a large network of certified stroke hospitals, the possibility that some missing patients with stroke were evaluated outside of these selected centers cannot be excluded. In addition, this theory is supported by data emerging from several countries suggesting a significant increase in mortality during the pandemic period that is unlikely to be explained by COVID-19 cases alone. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.030792 doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030792 id: cord-323582-7y8pt72r author: Ahamad, Martuza title: A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients date: 2020-06-20 words: 4446.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323582-7y8pt72r.txt summary: We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. We extracted important features of basic information (age, gender), symptoms (fever, cough, muscle soreness), diagnostic results (lung infection, radiographic imaging), prior disease/symptom history (pneumonia, diarrhea, runny nose) and some trajectory information (isolation treatment status, travel history) that are directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 disease. In our study, we developed and tested a range of machine learning approaches and found the most significant clinical COVID-19 predictive features were (in descending order): lung infection, cough, pneumonia, runny nose, travel history, fever, isolation, age, muscle soreness, diarrhea, and gender. abstract: The recent outbreak of the respiratory ailment COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-Cov2 is a severe and urgent global concern. In the absence of effective treatments, the main containment strategy is to reduce the contagion by the isolation of infected individuals; however, isolation of unaffected individuals is highly undesirable. To help make rapid decisions on treatment and isolation needs, it would be useful to determine which features presented by suspected infection cases are the best predictors of a positive diagnosis. This can be done by analyzing patient characteristics, case trajectory, comorbidities, symptoms, diagnosis, and outcomes. We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. Features examined included details of the individuals concerned, e.g., age, gender, observation of fever, history of travel, and clinical details such as the severity of cough and incidence of lung infection. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. Statistical analyses revealed that the most frequent and significant predictive symptoms are fever (41.1%), cough (30.3%), lung infection (13.1%) and runny nose (8.43%). While 54.4% of people examined did not develop any symptoms that could be used for diagnosis, our work indicates that for the remainder, our predictive model could significantly improve the prediction of COVID-19 status, including at early stages of infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0957417420304851 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113661 id: cord-337599-dyxfsojh author: Ahamad, Shakir title: Primed for Global Coronavirus Pandemic: Emerging Research and Clinical Outcome date: 2020-09-19 words: 1978.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337599-dyxfsojh.txt summary: Under such circumstances, drug repurposing has emerged as a realistic and effective strategy to counter the virus menace in the short run, and several antiviral and antimalarial medicines are currently in different stages of clinical trials. Researchers are also experimenting with nutrients, vitamins, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma as immunity boosters against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This report presents a critical analysis of the global clinical trial landscape for COVID-19 with an emphasis on the therapeutic agents and vaccines currently being tested at pandemic speed. 166 The Institute of Biotechnology, AMMS, China, registered a randomized, double-blind, 167 placebo-controlled Phase-II clinical trial of recombinant novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) 168 vaccine (adenovirus vector) in healthy adults aged 18 and above on April 10, 2020, (Table1, 169 Entry 6). Clinical study for safety and efficacy of Favipiravir in the treatment of novel 924 coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) Genentech Announces FDA Approval of Clinical Trial for Actemra to Treat 1093 Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia abstract: The global effort to combat and contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is now proceeding on a war footing. The world was slow to react to the developing crisis, but once the contours of the impending calamity became evident, the different state and non-state actors have raced to put their act together. The COVID-19 outbreak has blatantly exposed the shortcomings of our healthcare system and the limitations of medical science, despite considerable advances in recent years. To effectively tackle the current epidemic, almost unprecedented in the modern era, there is an urgent need for a concerted, sustained, and coordinated effort towards the development of new diagnostics, therapeutic and vaccines, and the ramping up of the healthcare infrastructure, especially in the poorer, underprivileged nations. Towards this end, researchers around the world are working tirelessly to develop new diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Efforts to develop a vaccine against COVID-19 are presently underway in several countries around the world, but a new vaccine is expected only by the end of the year-at the earliest. New drug development against COVID-19 and its approval may take even longer. Under such circumstances, drug repurposing has emerged as a realistic and effective strategy to counter the virus menace in the short run, and several antiviral and antimalarial medicines are currently in different stages of clinical trials. Researchers are also experimenting with nutrients, vitamins, monoclonal antibodies, and convalescent plasma as immunity boosters against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This report presents a critical analysis of the global clinical trial landscape for COVID-19 with an emphasis on the therapeutic agents and vaccines currently being tested at pandemic speed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33070079/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112862 id: cord-266948-n7sltd1b author: Ahamed, Jasimuddin title: Severe aortic stenosis patient risk during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-14 words: 1314.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266948-n7sltd1b.txt summary: The patient risk assessment typically includes patient age and surgical risk; however, given the increased general risk of the procedure and that SARS-CoV-2 infection can be an additional and very dangerous comorbidity, suggesting the less invasive TAVR should be considered. 5 AS patients therefore may have increased risk for developing thromboembolic complications during the valve replacement procedure or during subsequent hospitalisation and recovery if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a recent study showed that a prosthetic aortic graft thrombosis patient died from COVID-19 and that anticoagulant and thrombectomy procedure were unsuccessful. 5 Therefore, direct thrombin inhibitors should be considered for AS patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, since both COVID-19 and AS procedure can increase the risk of thrombosis. Studies in animals have suggested that inhibitors of this system can upregulate ACE2 expression, which led some investigators to postulate that patients receiving those inhibitors may be at high risk of contracting a SARS-CoV-2 infection, which needs to be validated experimentally. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928913/ doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001355 id: cord-299407-wuug8jjv author: Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R. title: Concerns of Women regarding Pregnancy and Childbirth during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 words: 1985.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299407-wuug8jjv.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION: This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 58-item survey included demographics, pandemic-related behaviors [16] , pregnancy, infant and self-care, access to healthcare, mental health, and financial stability [17] Participants reported changes in mental status related to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=94, 82.5%), including increased stress (n=72; 63.2%), increased anxious thoughts (n=57; 50.0%), changes in sleep patterns (n=54; 47.4%), reduced motivation (n=53; 46.5%), increased fearful thoughts (n=46; 40.4%), changes in appetite (n= 46; 40.4%), racing thoughts (n=41; 36.0%), difficulty in focus and concentration (n=42; 36.8%), depressed mood (n=33; 28.9%) and increased tearfulness (n=23; 20.2%). This exploratory study identified behavior changes of perinatal women specifically attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A 58-item electronic survey was distributed to pregnant and postpartum women (infants <12 months) who were >15 years, English-speaking and enrolled in prenatal programs. Data is summarized using central tendency, frequencies and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Of 114 (51% response rate) participants, 82.5% reported negative changes in mental status measures (e.g. stress, anxious thoughts, changes in sleep patterns). All reported risk-reduction behavior changes (e.g. handwashing/use of sanitizer, social distancing). Significant changes were reported in employment and financial status due to the pandemic. Increases in alcohol consumption among postpartum women were also reported. Few reported changes in prenatal, infant or postpartum healthcare access. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is limited as participants represent a single Midwest community and social desirability response bias may have impacted responses. However, results may inform future interventions to support pregnant women and mothers of infants during pandemics. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Providers should consider the impact of such events on mental status, access to resources and changes in behaviors. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0738399120305292 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.031 id: cord-318831-hocenr09 author: Ahluwalia, Amrit S. title: Bilateral Pneumothoraces as Possible Atypical Presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-11 words: 1317.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318831-hocenr09.txt summary: However, in this report, we describe a possible rare presentation of COVID-19 involving tension pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium requiring emergent intervention in an otherwise healthy young adult. The first reported case was a 38-year-old man from Wuhan diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia who, while on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), developed mediastinal emphysema, giant bulla, and pneumothorax with first appearance on HD eleven [2] . Another case involved a 38-year-old man from Wuhan admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia who developed exertional angina on HD eleven and imaging revealing spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema [3] . Similarly, a 62-year-old man being treated for COVID-19 pneumonia had worsening dyspnea on HD twenty, and he was found to have right-sided pneumothorax in combination with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema [4] . Individuals with as few as three days of symptoms may present with pneumomediastinum, bilateral pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema related to COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is most frequently associated with a mild presentation of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Typical radiographic findings of COVID-19 are bilateral ground-glass opacities on computed tomography (CT) scans. However, there have been instances of pneumothorax, giant bulla, and pneumomediastinum, mainly in elderly COVID-19 patients and predominately occurring at least one week after symptom onset. Here, we report a case where a healthy, young Hispanic man presented with three days of fever, cough, and dyspnea. On admission to the emergency department, he was found to have bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium requiring bilateral chest tubes. The patient had no predisposing risk factors for pneumothorax, such as a history of trauma, smoking, past intubations, asthma, high pressure oxygen delivery, or a history of prior pneumothorax. The only positive diagnostic test was a SARS-CoV-2 test by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay. This case highlights the potential atypical presentation of a COVID-19 infection and is the first reported case, to our knowledge, that features bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium as a probable rare presentation of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934903/ doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101217 id: cord-269347-oc2pb00b author: Ahmad, I. title: Guillain Barr e syndrome in COVID-19:A scoping review date: 2020-06-16 words: 4679.0 sentences: 361.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269347-oc2pb00b.txt summary: The review aims to summarize the demographic features, clinical presentation, diagnostics workup, and management strategies of COVID-19 associated GBS reported in the literature. The reported neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19 include anosmia, headaches, dizziness, delirium, stroke, epilepsy, encephalitis, encephalopathy, myalgias and Guillain-Barr é syndrome (GBS) 2 , 3, 4 At present, there are no reviews, full length research article or reports discussing a specific neurological complications in detail. The objective of this review is to summarize the important demographic features, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and management strategies of COVID-19 associated GBS reported in literature so far. 5 Although this relationship was mentioned by the famous Muslim physician Avicenna centuries ago and many other authors published their cases too, but the detailed description of the disease, including nerve conductions studies and cerebrospinal fluid analysis with albuminocytological disproportions was first documented by three French physicians Georges Guillain, Jean Alexandre Barr'', and Andr''e Strohl, who were working together at the Neurological Center of All rights reserved. abstract: Introduction The novel coronavirus (COVID19) can result in several neurological complications. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is one of them and has been reported from different parts of the world in this pandemic. It is an acute post-infectious polyneuropathy. The review aims to summarize the demographic features, clinical presentation, diagnostics workup, and management strategies of COVID-19 associated GBS reported in the literature. Material and method We searched Medline, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar using pre-defined keywords, with no time limits and in the English language only. We aimed to include all kinds of manuscripts. The last search was done on 18th May 2020. Demographics, clinical features, diagnostic workup, management, and outcomes were documented in the datasheet. Results We identified 24 cases of COVID-19 associated GBS. Most of the cases were reported from Italy followed by the USA. The majority were males (18 /24) The age ranged from 23 -84 years. The clinical presentation was typical sensory-motor GBS in most. Nine patients had facial palsy of which five had bilateral involvement. Two patients had bilateral abducent nerve palsy while two presented as paraparetic GBS variant with autonomic dysfunction. Electrodiagnostics was performed in 17 patients only and 12 had typical features of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulins were the preferred mode of treatment in most of the patient. There was one death, and most were discharged to rehabilitation or home. Conclusion GBS is a frequent neurological complication associated with COVID-19. There is no clear causative relationship between GBS, and COVID-19 at present, and more data are needed to establish the casualty. However, most cases have a post-infectious onset with male preponderance. Most of the cases have a typical presentation but some may present in an atypical way. Prognosis is generally good. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.13.20130062v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.13.20130062 id: cord-283915-yqj9gzan author: Ahmad, Naveed title: Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-07-12 words: 675.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283915-yqj9gzan.txt summary: title: Impact of Covid19 on a tertiary care pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant unit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 There is increasing evidence on the unintended consequences of pandemic-related lockdown restrictions such as delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality at the time of initial presentation. 3, 4 We retrospectively reviewed all of our outpatient activity and new patients admitted to the pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) service from December 2019 to May 2020, the last 3-month period corresponding to coronavirus lockdown. Despite the concerns that chemotherapy-related immunosuppression is a risk factor to develop severe disease with Covid19, there is growing evidence that coronavirus-related mortality is extremely rare in pediatric cancer patients. Children with cancer in the time of COVID-19: an 8-week report from the six pediatric onco-hematology centres in Lombardi, Italy. COVID-19 pandemic and impact on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28560 doi: 10.1002/pbc.28560 id: cord-258624-041cf99j author: Ahmad, Sajjad title: Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics date: 2020-05-23 words: 8187.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258624-041cf99j.txt summary: title: Design of a Novel Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine for Pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) by Vaccinomics and Probable Prevention Strategy against Avenging Zoonotics We identified non-structural protein 8 (Nsp8), 3C-like proteinase, and spike glycoprotein as potential targets for immune responses to COVID-19. In order to estimate the MMPBSA binding free energies for the receptors and multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct, the MMPBSA.py module [56] of AMBER16 was castoff. The B-cell epitopes predicted for the vaccine candidates were in the following order: nine for Nsp8 and 3C-like proteinase, five for Nsp9, eight for Nsp10, 34 for spike glycoprotein and surface glycoprotein, and four for ORF1ab polyprotein| partial. Molecular interactions and binding conformation of the designed MEPVC with TLR3 and TLR4 innate immune receptors were deciphered via a protein-peptide docking approach. The dynamic simulations of the human immune system in response to the designed vaccine construct were deciphered through C-immsim server [40] . abstract: The emergence and rapid expansion of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) require the development of effective countermeasures especially a vaccine to provide active acquired immunity against the virus. This study presented a comprehensive vaccinomics approach applied to the complete protein data published so far in the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) coronavirus data hub. We identified non-structural protein 8 (Nsp8), 3C-like proteinase, and spike glycoprotein as potential targets for immune responses to COVID-19. Epitopes prediction illustrated both B-cell and T-cell epitopes associated with the mentioned proteins. The shared B and T-cell epitopes: DRDAAMQRK and QARSEDKRA of Nsp8, EDMLNPNYEDL and EFTPFDVVR of 3C-like proteinase, and VNNSYECDIPI of the spike glycoprotein are regions of high potential interest and have a high likelihood of being recognized by the human immune system. The vaccine construct of the epitopes shows stimulation of robust primary immune responses and high level of interferon gamma. Also, the construct has the best conformation with respect to the tested innate immune receptors involving vigorous molecular mechanics and solvation energy. Designing of vaccination strategies that target immune response focusing on these conserved epitopes could generate immunity that not only provide cross protection across Betacoronaviruses but additionally resistant to virus evolution. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105387 doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105387 id: cord-315952-gh002ldb author: Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh title: Iranian Emotional Experience and Expression During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-07-07 words: 907.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315952-gh002ldb.txt summary: In the COVID-19 pandemic, people''s mental health has been negatively affected due to the increase in morbidity and mortality, besides changes in living conditions and self-quarantine. Almost everyone is experiencing a type of mental health problem, such as anxiety, depression, 3 fear of death, anger, posttraumatic stress disorder, 4 and suicide. In this article, we tried to observe and report the Iranians'' emotional processing pattern since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fear has been the most important and common emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are numerous discussions and misconceptions about this disease in the cyberspace and social media, triggering maladaptive emotions, such as fear, among people. Due to the common purpose and unity of Iranian people in eradicating COVID-19, they have experienced shame adaptively; only some groups, who have lost their jobs due to the pandemic, feel worthless. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520937097 doi: 10.1177/1010539520937097 id: cord-318043-1x3dp1vv author: Ahmadi, Mohsen title: Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date: 2020-04-17 words: 2139.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318043-1x3dp1vv.txt summary: In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? Organization," n.d.), population density, intra-provincial movement, infection days to end of the study period, average temperature( • C) (Yuan et al., 2006) , average precipitation (mm) (Araujo and Naimi, 2020) , humidity(%) (Wang et al., 2020) , wind speed (km/h) (Yuan et al., 2006) and average solar radiation (kWh/m 2 ) (Qu and Wickramasinghe, 2017) in the study period. In this study, the correlation of nine main variables includes the number of infected people, population density, intra-provincial movement, days of infection, average temperature, average rain, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation with infection rate analyzed. abstract: Abstract SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus cases are confirmed throughout the world and millions of people are being put into quarantine. A better understanding of the effective parameters in infection spreading can bring about a logical measurement toward COVID-19. The effect of climatic factors on spreading of COVID-19 can play an important role in the new Coronavirus outbreak. In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? The Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and Sobol’-Jansen methods are used for analyzing the effect and correlation of variables with the COVID-19 spreading rate. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the population density, intra-provincial movement have a direct relationship with the infection outbreak. Conversely, areas with low values of wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation exposure to a high rate of infection that support the virus's survival. The provinces such as Tehran, Mazandaran, Alborz, Gilan, and Qom are more susceptible to infection because of high population density, intra-provincial movements and high humidity rate in comparison with Southern provinces. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705 id: cord-295051-upyar7en author: Ahmadian, Elham title: Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms date: 2020-10-06 words: 4859.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295051-upyar7en.txt summary: The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced kidney damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect the kidney podocytes and proximal tubular cells and based on an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway it can lead to acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman''s capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. 6, 7 The initial impact might be the direct role of the virus on the renal parenchyma mediated by activating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which functions as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor. 22 Altogether, these reports clarify that kidney cells are targeted by SARS-CoV-2 and new strategies are needed to treat Covid-19 to prevent organ infection and dysfunction. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China Acute kidney injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection: direct effect of virus on kidney proximal tubule cells abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has turned into a life‐threatening pandemic disease (Covid‐19). About 5% of patients with Covid‐19 have severe symptoms including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the failure of several organs, while most of them have mild symptoms. Frequently, the kidneys are involved through direct or indirect mechanisms. Kidney involvement mainly manifests itself as proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI). The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced kidney damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect the kidney podocytes and proximal tubular cells and based on an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway it can lead to acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman's capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐driven dysregulation of the immune responses including cytokine storm, macrophage activation syndrome, and lymphopenia can be other causes of the AKI. Organ interactions, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, rhabdomyolysis, and sepsis are other potential mechanisms of AKI. Moreover, lower oxygen delivery to kidney may cause an ischaemic injury. Understanding the fundamental molecular pathways and pathophysiology of kidney injury and AKI in Covid‐19 is necessary to develop management strategies and design effective therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2176 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2176 id: cord-264128-o3p92gx0 author: Ahmar, Ansari Saleh title: Will Covid-19 confirmed cases in the USA reach 3 million? A forecasting approach using SutteARIMA date: 2020-09-28 words: 1144.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264128-o3p92gx0.txt summary: The aim of this study was to seen whether Covid-19 confirmed cases in the US would reach 3 million cases with the SutteARIMA method forecasting approach. The accuracy of SutteARIMA for the period 26 June 2020 – 2 July 2020 based on MAPE is 0.539% and forecasting results to obtain as many as 3 million confirmed cases, namely from from 05 – 06 June 2020: 1981299; 2005706; 2030283; 2055031. Conclusions The SutteARIMA method predicts that 2 million confirmed cases of Covid-19 will be obtained on the WHO situation report day 168-170 or 05 – 07 June 2020. According to table 2, SutteARIMA method predicts 3 million cases of COVID-19 in the USA will be obtained on 168-170 day from the WHO situation report or 05-07 July 2020. Based on the results of this study, the SutteARIMA method predicts 3 million cases will be obtained on 168-170 day from the WHO situation report or 05 -07 July 2020. abstract: Objectives Examining about forecasting the number of Covid-19 cases in the US can provide an overview and projection of the development of Covid-19 cases in the US so that policy makers can determine the steps that must be taken. The aim of this study was to seen whether Covid-19 confirmed cases in the US would reach 3 million cases with the SutteARIMA method forecasting approach. Methods Data from this study were obtained from the Worldometer 15 February 2020 – 2 July 2020. Data from 15 February 2020 – 25 June 2020 was used to do data fitting (26 June 2020 – 2 July 2020). Data fitting is used to see the extent of the accuracy of the SutteARIMA method in predicting data. To see the level of data accuracy, the MAPE method is used. Results The results of forecasting data fitting on 26 June 2020 – 2 July 2020: 2544732; 2590888; 2632477; 2671055; 2711798; 2755128; 2803729. The accuracy of SutteARIMA for the period 26 June 2020 – 2 July 2020 based on MAPE is 0.539% and forecasting results to obtain as many as 3 million confirmed cases, namely from from 05 – 06 June 2020: 1981299; 2005706; 2030283; 2055031. Conclusions The SutteARIMA method predicts that 2 million confirmed cases of Covid-19 will be obtained on the WHO situation report day 168-170 or 05 – 07 June 2020. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666518220300024 doi: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2020.100002 id: cord-263968-v9sncm4l author: Ahmed, Anwar E. title: Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections date: 2020-04-22 words: 663.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263968-v9sncm4l.txt summary: title: Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections The author investigates whether the rapid spread of COVID-19 is related to the incidence of malaria cases in countries affected by COVID-19. As of March 22, 2020, results indicate world regions that are malaria free or recorded limited malarial infections reported a large number of COVID-19 cases ( The Poisson regression is used to assess whether the malarial incidence rate (per 1000 population at risk) is a predictor for increased cases of COVID-19. A ROC curve analysis (Fig. 3) indicated that the incidence of COVID-19 was a good classifier (AUC = 0.8115) for countries that were malaria free or recorded limited malarial infections (5 or less per 1000 population at risk). Future studies are needed to investigate whether a) the use of anti-malarial drugs, b) the environmental factors, and c) different strains of COVID-19 reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infection in countries affected by malaria. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920301617 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101693 id: cord-336499-5flknpp4 author: Ahmed, Aziza title: How the COVID-19 Response is Altering the Legal and Regulatory Landscape on Abortion date: 2020-04-29 words: 2020.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336499-5flknpp4.txt summary: First, in the application of the Hyde Amendment to the CARES Act, second, in the attempt by state legislators to classify abortion as an elective procedure that cannot be performed during a time of PPE and personnel shortages, and, finally, a move by state attorney generals (AGs) to seek greater access abortion via telehealth through changing the FDA rules on a necessary abortifacient. In a letter to Planned Parenthood of Ohio, for example, State Attorney General Dave Yost stated that all abortions should be delayed and if the organization did not respond accordingly the "Department of Health will take all appropriate measures." 10 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Medical Association (AMA) have both issued statements criticizing state governors for preventing access to abortion. In addition to filing briefs against State attempts to ban elective abortions, AGs from 21 states also sent a letter to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) to make it easier to access medication abortion during this time via telehealth. abstract: The response to COVID-19 has been mired in political debates. In a moment of scarcity, especially with regard to medical equipment and capacity, the question of who deserves the few available resources becomes front and center. It is in this context that abortion access has been injected into the political and medical response to COVID-19. There are three main sites of the ongoing abortion debate in the COVID-19 context. First, in the application of the Hyde Amendment to the CARES Act, second, in the attempt by state legislators to classify abortion as an elective procedure that cannot be performed during a time of PPE and personnel shortages, and, finally, a move by state attorney generals (AGs) to seek greater access abortion via telehealth through changing the FDA rules on a necessary abortifacient. This essay describes the current status of the terrain and the potential long-term implications on abortion access and care. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa012 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa012 id: cord-317794-kd9a0ron author: Ahmed, Hiwa Omer title: The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate- Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study date: 2020-09-18 words: 4642.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317794-kd9a0ron.txt summary: title: The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorateKurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to figure out whether social isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine is consistent and associated with emotional eating and gaining weight or not. Is social isolation during the corona COVID -19 quarantine consistent and equally associated with emotional eating and weight gain? The study did not include any patients who were quarantined for COVID-19, but it included all other patients who underwent social distancing (n=568, 82.48%) by the local law, did self-isolation (n=134, 17.51%) at home for reasons like having comorbidity or being prone to contamination due to their jobs (health, police, and media workers). The present study aimed to find the impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine on gaining weight. abstract: BACKGROUND: Our area, corona (COVID-19) quarantine was applied from March 14 to April 23, 2020. It was in all forms, including curfew, social distancing, self-quarantine, area quarantine, self-monitoring, and isolation. Due to their concerns about their safety and families, friends, colleagues, and society, everybody was feeling upset, fearful, and anxious. Several studies have reported an association between prolonged sitting time and weight gain. As a way to relieve the tension during that period, people started stocking up on unhealthy foods like over-salted snacks and over-sweetened sugars. People stayed at home, feeling bored, anxious, and stressed and sought relief by eating. Also, there was a rise in emotional eating when the stress of isolation increased by the closure of gyms, casinos, and movie theaters. Moreover, restaurants were allowed to serve the only takeout. Besides, unemployment was skyrocketing, hospitals were overflowing (or were preparing for the possibility), many people were struggling to meet their basic needs, and no one knows when or how it would end. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to figure out whether social isolation during the COVID-19 quarantine is consistent and associated with emotional eating and gaining weight or not. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional case series study was conducted on 765 patients who have visited the bariatric clinic in Sulaimani city, Kurdistan-Iraq, from April 23 to June 23, 2020. An individual face-to-face interview was conducted with each participant to obtain signed informed consent, provide them with information about the type and the subject of the work, and ask them the study's questions. Each interview lasted between 30 and 45 min and was conducted in a closed session by two Kurdistan Board trainees. RESULTS: No patient who was quarantined for the COVID-19 was included in the work, but all other patients were included. The selected patients were those who had undergone social distancing (n = 568, 82.48%) by the local law and did self-isolation (n = 134, 17.51%) at home for reasons like having comorbidity, being prone to contamination due to their jobs (health, police, and media workers), having some family members at home with comorbidity (n = 23, 03.00%), and having comorbidity and having undergone social distancing because of their other family members’ need to do so for their physical disability (n = 25, 03.27%). Almost all patients (n = 741, 96.86%), even, those with comorbidity (n = 136, 17.78%), were emotionally stable before the outbreak. Seventy-three female patients (09.54%) and138 males (20.65%) sustain their weight during and two months after the outbreak, while the rest (n = 554, 72.41%) gained different amounts of weight. CONCLUSION: Social distancing and self-isolation in the last COVID-19 outbreak influenced weight gain, but weight gain of less than 2 kg was observed among almost all patients who gained weight (98.05%). The patients who were gain more than 3 kg were mostly females or/and from the center of large cities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2049080120303289 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.024 id: cord-350700-cmwy5we8 author: Ahmed, M. title: Optimizing breast cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 words: 1509.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350700-cmwy5we8.txt summary: These issues are best addressed through the application of currently available medical technology and enhanced training in advanced oncoplastic techniques, which extend the limits of breast conservation. However, the logistical issues of operating in a remote hub away from a surgeon''s base hospital in turn poses potential challenges-particularly to breast cancer surgery. There currently are 3 CE-marked radioisotope-independent seed localization technologies (Magseed-Endomag, Cambridge, UK; Localizer-Hologic, MA, USA; Savi Scout-Cianna Medical, Aliso Viejo, USA) and all could potentially be placed into any suspicious lesion at the time of core-biopsy and should the lesion be confirmed as requiring excision, the patient would not require a further localization procedure prior to definitive surgery. This has meant a situation has been created whereby more locally advanced cancers are potentially going to warrant more radical treatment in terms of mastectomy and less of an opportunity for breast conservation than if PST was available. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic poses current and future challenges in the maintenance of surgical operating capacity. In the United Kingdom surgery has continued—in a reduced capacity—through the establishment of regional ‘cancer hubs’ using independent sector facilities to treat public healthcare patients. It is essential that these scarce operating facilities available are optimally utilized and that logistical challenges that result from remote operating away from the surgeon’s primary hospital site are considered. These issues are best addressed through the application of currently available medical technology and enhanced training in advanced oncoplastic techniques, which extend the limits of breast conservation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-020-01160-6 doi: 10.1007/s12282-020-01160-6 id: cord-266145-xnu8pj24 author: Ahmed, Mohammed A. M. title: COVID-19 in Somalia: Adherence to Preventive Measures and Evolution of the Disease Burden date: 2020-09-06 words: 3288.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266145-xnu8pj24.txt summary: A composite adherence score was made based on the respondent''s self-reported observance of the following personal preventive measures: physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, coughing hygiene, and the habit of touching one''s face (Table 1) . During the COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia, the participants reported low to moderate levels of worry/fear about their own health, with mean Likert scores on a five-point scale of 2.3 ± 1.6 and 1.9 ± 1.3 during the first and second survey, respectively (p < 0.001). This study shows an overall unsatisfactory level of adherence by Somali residents to the preventive measures put in place by the government to control COVID-19 transmission. The lower adherence scores during the second survey, compared to the first, indicates that compliance to government measures is decreasing as the COVID-19 epidemic evolves in Somalia. abstract: Following the COVID-19 outbreak in Somalia, strict preventive measures were implemented by the government. We assessed adherence to the government recommendations via two consecutive online cross-sectional surveys between April and July 2020. A five-point adherence score was constructed based on self-reported observance of five preventive measures (physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, mouth covering when coughing/sneezing, and avoidance of touching the face). 4124 and 4703 responses were analyzed during the first and second survey, respectively. The mean adherence score decreased from 3.54 ± 1.5 in the first survey to 3.40 ± 1.6 during the second survey; p < 0.001. More participants experienced at least one flu-like symptom during the second survey (38.2%) compared to the first (16.2%); however, the proportion of positive COVID-19 tests in the first (26.9%) and second survey (26.5%) was similar. The ordinal logistic regression model identified the following predictors for high adherence scores: female gender (odds ratio (OR) = 1.715 (1.581–1.861), p < 0.001); being a healthcare worker/student (OR = 2.180 (2.000–2.377), p < 0.001); obtaining COVID-19 information from official sources (OR = 1.460 (1.341–1.589), p < 0.001); and having postgraduate education (OR = 1.679 (1.220–2.307), p < 0.001). Conversely, obtaining COVID-19 information from social media and residing in urban settings were associated with lower adherence. Targeted and context-specific adaptations of the COVID-19 response may be required in Somalia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899931/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9090735 id: cord-336049-n3swuykg author: Ahmed, Mubbasheer title: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review date: 2020-09-04 words: 5676.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336049-n3swuykg.txt summary: INTERPRETATION: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a new pediatric disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is dangerous and potentially lethal. However, in early May 2020, investigators from South Thames Retrieval Service in London, UK published a report describing eight severely ill pediatric patients presenting in hyperinflammatory shock with multiorgan involvement [6] Specifically, the children manifested with high fever, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We included patients with COVID-19 to reinforce to the healthcare community and public the differences in the clinical presentation, to highlight the degree of systemic inflammation in MIS-C, and to iterate the differences in treatment and outcome between the two diseases. Data collected from the studies included demographics, number of patients, signs and symptoms, laboratory markers, imaging results, medications, and outcomes. Cardiac MRI of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19: case series abstract: BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, is a new dangerous childhood disease that is temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe the typical presentation and outcomes of children diagnosed with this hyperinflammatory condition. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to communicate the clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging results, and outcomes of individuals with MIS-C. We searched four medical databases to encompass studies characterizing MIS-C from January 1st, 2020 to July 25th, 2020. Two independent authors screened articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. This review was registered with PROSPERO CRD42020191515. FINDINGS: Our search yielded 39 observational studies (n = 662 patients). While 71·0% of children (n = 470) were admitted to the intensive care unit, only 11 deaths (1·7%) were reported. Average length of hospital stay was 7·9 ± 0·6 days. Fever (100%, n = 662), abdominal pain or diarrhea (73·7%, n = 488), and vomiting (68·3%, n = 452) were the most common clinical presentation. Serum inflammatory, coagulative, and cardiac markers were considerably abnormal. Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were necessary in 22·2% (n = 147) and 4·4% (n = 29) of patients, respectively. An abnormal echocardiograph was observed in 314 of 581 individuals (54·0%) with depressed ejection fraction (45·1%, n = 262 of 581) comprising the most common aberrancy. INTERPRETATION: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a new pediatric disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is dangerous and potentially lethal. With prompt recognition and medical attention, most children will survive but the long-term outcomes from this condition are presently unknown. FUNDING: Parker B. Francis and pilot grant from 2R25-HL126140. Funding agencies had no involvement in the study url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923992/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100527 id: cord-341661-sokoghh1 author: Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel title: Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-19 words: 4613.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341661-sokoghh1.txt summary: The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. Considering the current rapid spread of infection, the American Dental Association (ADA) highlighted key steps to be taken by dentists in addition to the standard universal precautions such as taking patients'' recent travel history; assessing signs and symptoms of RTI; recording patients'' body temperature; mouth rinsing with 1% hydrogen peroxide prior to commencement of any procedure; using a rubber dam and high volume suction during procedures; and frequently cleaning and disinfecting public contact areas including door handles, chairs and, washrooms [13] . The present cross-sectional study reported the anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current viral outbreak. abstract: An outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has influenced every aspect of life. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are exposed to a higher risk of getting infected due to close contact with infected patients. The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. In addition, dentists’ knowledge about various practice modifications to combat COVID-19 has been evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 10th to 17th March 2020. The well-constructed questionnaire was designed and registered at online website (Kwiksurveys) and validated. A total of 669 participants from 30 different countries across the world responded. After scrutiny, completed questionnaires (n = 650) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests were applied to control confounders and assess the relation of dentists’ response with respect to gender and educational level. More than two-thirds of the general dental practitioners (78%) from 30 countries questioned were anxious and scared by the devastating effects of COVID-19. A large number of dentists (90%) were aware of recent changes in the treatment protocols. However, execution of amended treatment protocol was recorded as 61%. The majority of the dentists (76%) were working in the hospital setting out of which 74% were from private, and 20% were from government setups. Individually we received a large number of responses from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, but collectively more than 50% of the responses were from other parts of the world. Despite having a high standard of knowledge and practice, dental practitioners around the globe are in a state of anxiety and fear while working in their respective fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact on humanity. A number of dental practices have either modified their services according to the recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only or closed down practices for an uncertain period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32325888/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082821 id: cord-253853-jocwiafy author: Ahmed, Naseer title: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-05-17 words: 3434.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt summary: METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months ''Feb-March'' 2020. 11 Health care professionals (HCP) including nurses, doctors, intensivist, paramedics, dentist and other hospital staff are playing a critical role throughout the world in combating, preventing and managing patients affected by However multiple reports of infection and fatalities of HCPs have surfaced in the last few weeks, which are of grave concern. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice towards COVID-19 infection and disease among health care professionals (doctors, dentist, nurses, assistants, technicians and paramedics). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the trends in knowledge, awareness and practices amongst health care professionals towards COVID-19 disease control during the outbreak in 2020. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practice level of health care workers towards Corona Virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months ‘Feb-March’ 2020. The data from 810 participants were collected manually as well as through online survey registered on www.surveys.google.com, using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections assessing knowledge, awareness and practice of participants. The descriptive analysis was carried out for demographics and dependent variables with statistical program for social sciences. Spearman test was used to detect any relationship between the health care professional response with respect to their gender and level of education. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: More than half (57.2%) of the health care professionals were working in a hospital setting. Fifty two percent of health care professionals had awareness and 72% were practicing adequate measures to combat COVID-19. The majority (81.9%) believed that the sign and symptoms are similar to a common flu and the main strata of population that could be affected by COVID-19 are elderly (79%). Seventy three percent of participants did not attend any lecture, workshop or seminar on COVID-19 for awareness purpose. Sixty seven percent of health care professionals were practicing universal precaution for infection control and 57.4% were using sodium hypochlorite as a surface disinfectant in dental surgeries. There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the health care professionals’ responses with gender and their education level. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the vast majority of the health care professionals have adequate knowledge and awareness related to COVID-19. However some aspects of practice of health care professionals were found to be deficient including, following CDC guidelines during patient care, acquiring verified knowledge related to COVID-19, disinfection protocol and the use of N-95 mask. Mandatory Continued professional development programs including lectures and workshops on COVID-19 for all health care professionals are the need of the hour, to manage the pandemic and limiting the morbidity and mortality related to it. url: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2704 doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2704 id: cord-312722-talu4geh author: Ahmed, Nausheen title: COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient date: 2020-06-13 words: 1179.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312722-talu4geh.txt summary: title: COVID-19 presenting as a viral exanthem and detected during admission prescreening in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient 3, 4 As a result of the high mortality in this population, the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) recently published guidelines on March 18, 2020, suggesting universal testing of patients before admission for cellular therapy or stem cell transplant to mitigate the risk of transmission and outbreaks in transplant wards. 5 Accordingly, at our institution a policy to screen all patients planned for HCT or cellular therapy the day prior to admission with a nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 infection was implemented. 8 The skin rash, such as livedo reticularis and petechial rash have been reported, but our patient''s positive SARS-CoV-2 test and biopsy suggest Covid-19 may also cause a more classic viral exanthem. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2531137920300717?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.06.002 id: cord-335066-4xoo279v author: Ahmed, Oli title: Adaptation of the Bangla Version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale date: 2020-06-27 words: 4046.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335066-4xoo279v.txt summary: The CAS was translated into the Bangla language following the International Test Commission''s guidelines for this adaptation study and placed in an online survey (N = 737, with a mean age of 26.55 (SD = 7.166 years) to assess the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the scale. This validation of a Bangla CAS scale would be helpful for mental health practitioners to assess pandemic anxiety among the Bangladeshi people. Thus, the present study aims to translate the CAS into the Bangla language so that its adaption can be used for the assessment of dysfunctional anxiety, due to the COVID-19 outbreak, for Bangladeshi people. As internal consistency reliabilities and composite reliability of the CAS Bangla version were higher than 0.80, this scale is suitable for screening COVID-19 anxiety among Bangladeshi people. Altogether, our findings support the CAS Bangla version as a valid tool that exhibits appropriate psychometric properties in assessing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety among the people of Bangladesh. abstract: The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is among the first few published screening tools for assessing dysfunctional anxiety induced by the current COVID-19 pandemic. The CAS was translated into the Bangla language following the International Test Commission’s guidelines for this adaptation study and placed in an online survey (N = 737, with a mean age of 26.55 (SD = 7.166 years) to assess the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the scale. Results suggested that all items had a good item discrimination index and single-factor structure with good factor loadings. The CAS Bangla version was found to have good internal consistency reliabilities, test-retest reliability, and composite reliability (≥ 0.7). The measurement invariance suggested invariances across age groups and gender. The CAS Bangla version showed a high correlation to the anxiety subscale of the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a moderate correlation to the depression subscale of the DASS-21 and the COVID-19 Worry Scale. This validation of a Bangla CAS scale would be helpful for mental health practitioners to assess pandemic anxiety among the Bangladeshi people. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837436/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00357-2 id: cord-298925-4wb7kayl author: Ahmed, Sakir title: Moving towards online rheumatology education in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 words: 4062.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298925-4wb7kayl.txt summary: Most rheumatology textbooks are now available in digital formats, and these are complemented with live updating educational hubs such as UpToDate and ClinicalKey. Emerging topics of COVID-19 on these proprietary platforms are now freely available to all specialists. Social media channels, particularly Twitter, are becoming major players in the era of COVID-19 by offering online journal clubs, enabling fast dissemination of influential articles, and facilitating interactive education. Indexed rheumatology journals, in turn, aid online education by opening access to recommendations and other materials that are rapidly changing research and practice worldwide. • Online rheumatology education is enriched by peer review and social media activities, which are becoming major players in the time of the COVID19 pandemic. The EMerging EULAR NETwork (EMEUNET) has an exemplary online programme for mentoring ongoing research fellows how to review for top journals, filling a void in rheumatology education [52] . abstract: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unsettled conventional medical education, hastening a switch to digital platforms and open-access publishing. Rheumatology is a fast evolving academic discipline that stands to gain by this switch. Most rheumatology textbooks are now available in digital formats, and these are complemented with live updating educational hubs such as UpToDate and ClinicalKey. Emerging topics of COVID-19 on these proprietary platforms are now freely available to all specialists. Social media channels, particularly Twitter, are becoming major players in the era of COVID-19 by offering online journal clubs, enabling fast dissemination of influential articles, and facilitating interactive education. Indexed rheumatology journals, in turn, aid online education by opening access to recommendations and other materials that are rapidly changing research and practice worldwide. Research peer review additionally offers learning experience to novice and seasoned researchers and authors. Global rheumatology societies have online learning resources, which are changing their format and geographic reach to meet the changing needs in the times of pandemic. While online teaching lacks emotional connections between mentors and mentees, switch to a more interactive format of education and regular contacts may partly solve the issue. Rheumatologists can take the lead in these challenging times and contribute more to online scholarly activities which are aimed to maintain and enrich education. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05405-9 doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05405-9 id: cord-278145-3tfcxbfz author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times - Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country date: 2020-06-06 words: 4209.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278145-3tfcxbfz.txt summary: title: Challenges amid COVID-19 times Review of the changing practices in a clinical chemistry laboratory from a developing country To ensure such continuity of services, the aim of this review is to highlight the challenges faced by a Clinical https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 Received 6 May 2020; Received in revised form 1 June 2020; Accepted 1 June 2020 Chemistry laboratory in a developing country amid the COVID-19 crisis, the challenges, implementing changes and the lessons learnt. â�¢ Post pandemic world with the anticipated overwhelming financial crisis, will require major resource allocation decisions for inventory management and prioritizing needs for new developments and projects. With the current state of local spread in the country and amid the high chances of contracting COVID-19, it is inevitable that the clinical laboratories take drastic measures and succumb to acceptable alternate plans for ensuring the safety and interests of its valuable employs alongside continuousness of provision of diagnostic services for better health outcomes, in times of the pandemic. abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Compared with its neighbors China and Iran, which were rated as epi-centers of the outbreak, Pakistan has lower standards of health care, unstable economy and dearth of financial resources to tackle the outbreak. Like other institutes and industries in the country, clinical laboratories were succumbed to a variety of challenges. This article is based on the experience and adapted workflow measures from the Clinical Chemistry laboratory at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, which serves as a national referral center with its widespread network of satellite laboratories and phlebotomy centers across the country. It highlights the challenges faced and the appropriate responses to ensure the provision of diagnostic facilities during the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, the lessons acquired and necessary preparations for the post crisis situation are also incorporated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32551102/ doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.004 id: cord-300200-vcclz0bu author: Ahmed, Sibtain title: Trend analysis of lab tests requisitions of COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers at a clinical chemistry reference laboratory-an observational study date: 2020-11-06 words: 3054.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300200-vcclz0bu.txt summary: On one end, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the delay of non-urgent health services and subsequent decline in the number of patients due to concern of contagion, is expected to lead to a significant drop in the overall routine biochemical test requisitions, while on the other, a rapid surge in the test requests for the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers is projected. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers requisitions including C-RP, PCT, LDH and Ferritin, at a high-volume clinical chemistry laboratory in Pakistan during the peak pandemic months. A team consisting of two clinical chemistry consultants reviewed the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers tests performance data from March to July, 2020 using the integrated laboratory information management system (ILMS). A team consisting of two clinical chemistry consultants reviewed the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers tests performance data from March to July, 2020 using the integrated laboratory information management system (ILMS). abstract: BACKGROUND: Biochemical parameters, such as C-reactive protein (C-RP), Procalcitonin (PCT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Ferritin are associated with COVID-19 severity and prognosis. This trend analysis of COVID-19 prognostic biomarker requisitions is aimed at providing a reflection of the clinical practices adopted amidst the peak of the pandemic. This knowledge of the prognostic biomarkers utilized, will further aid to classify patients based on their risk, for optimal resource allocation and improve outcomes. MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the clinical chemistry laboratory at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi Pakistan. A team consisting of two clinical chemistry consultants reviewed the COVID-19 prognostic biomarkers tests performance data from March to July 2020 using the integrated laboratory information management system (ILMS). The test statistics of March to July 2020 when COVID-19 cases were on the rise in the country were compared with those of the same months from 2019. The changes in the test groups were expressed in percentages. Microsoft Excel for windows 2019 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The total specimens received for testing in 2020 (n = 574,092) showed a percent decline of approximately (−) 33% compared to 2019 (n = 858,756). Contrary to the overall decline in volumes an upward surge was noted for the prognostic biomarkers. From March to July, the highest percent change was noted for LDH (+155.1%), followed by PCT (+66.7.1%), C-RP (+26.5%) and Ferritin (+22.1%) in 2020 compared to the same time frame in 2019. The highest percent change was noted in June. CONCLUSION: During the COVID 19 pandemic, a significant increase in utilization of laboratory services was seen for COVID-19 prognostic markers. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.067 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.067 id: cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author: Ahmed, Taha title: Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-25 words: 3444.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300183-z3fwtwqb.txt summary: Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is a delay and decrease in presentations and timely interventions for medical emergencies like STEMI during the current era of COVID-19 crisis. ► Several community and healthcare-system-related factors delay and decrease the presentation and intervention for time-dependent non-communicable diseases such as STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of COVID-19 crisis. Delayed Presentation of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Heart Failure in the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic -Case Report Complication of late presenting STEMI due to avoidance of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The current COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted healthcare systems worldwide. There has been a palpable increase in public avoidance of hospitals, which has interfered in timely care of critical cardiovascular conditions. Complications from late presentation of myocardial infarction, which had become a rarity, resurfaced during the pandemic. We present two such encounters that occurred due to delay in seeking medical care following myocardial infarction due to the fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We emphasise that clinicians should remain vigilant of encountering rare and catastrophic complications of STEMI during this current era of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843473/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237817 id: cord-349973-7441gjda author: Ahmed, Y. N. title: Predictors of CPAP outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 words: 3380.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349973-7441gjda.txt summary: Introduction: Throughout March April 2020, many patients with COVID-19 presented to Southend University Hospital with Acute Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF). Results: The 52 patients, prior to receiving CPAP had significant respiratory failure as evidenced by a low PaO2: FiO2 (PFR) (mean +/SD 123 +/60 mmHg) and mean SpO2:FiO2 (SFR) (mean +/SD: 140+/50). The main indicators of CPAP success were: higher SFR before and after CPAP, lower respiratory rate (RR) , lower Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and higher PFR prior to CPAP. Adult COVID-19 patients (≥ 18 years old) admitted to Southend University Hospital (UK) between the 1st of March 2020 and the 30th of April 2020 that underwent CPAP treatment in the Acute Respiratory Care Unit (ARCU) were included in the study. (9) We conducted bivariate analysis using Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney test based on quantitative variables distribution as well as Pearson''s Chi-square test to compare different demographic and clinical parameters between CPAP success and failure groups. abstract: Introduction: Throughout March - April 2020, many patients with COVID-19 presented to Southend University Hospital with Acute Hypoxaemic Respiratory Failure (AHRF). Patients were managed in a Specialist Respiratory High Dependency Unit. We present our experience on the usage of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and possible indicators of its success in this patient group. Methods: Data from patients (n=89) requiring mechanical ventilation during the months of March to April 2020, were retrospectively collected and analysed. 37 patients received IMV (Invasive Mechanical Ventilation) without a CPAP trial beforehand. 52 patients underwent a CPAP trial, of which 21 patients successfully avoided intubation and ITU admission. Results: The 52 patients, prior to receiving CPAP had significant respiratory failure as evidenced by a low PaO2: FiO2 (PFR) (mean +/- SD 123 +/- 60 mmHg) and mean SpO2:FiO2 (SFR) (mean +/- SD: 140+/- 50). The main indicators of CPAP success were: higher SFR before and after CPAP, lower respiratory rate (RR) , lower Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and higher PFR prior to CPAP. Discussion: CPAP proved successful in 40% of COVID-19 patients presenting with AHRF. SFR, PFR, RR and NLR are predictors of such success. SFR can be used for effective real time monitoring of patients before and after CPAP to identify likelihood of success. Based on our results, we have suggested a modified CPAP management protocol in COVID-19. These findings can guide future studies and will allow improved triage of patients to either CPAP or IMV, in the event of a future COVID peak. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.20130880v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130880 id: cord-262673-j2ot35lt author: Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa title: Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections date: 2020-08-18 words: 8591.0 sentences: 472.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt summary: Furthermore, respiratory epithelial cells and lung macrophages are capable of secreting a broad range of chemokines like IL-8, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), RANTES and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β that influence the types of immune cells being recruited to the area in response to acute viral infections (177, 178) . Both Influenza and SARS virus can induce acute lung injury (ALI) which is accompanied by high levels of C5a, leading to the influx and activation of innate immune cells (199) (Figure 1) . Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus shows poor replication but significant induction of antiviral responses in human monocytederived macrophages and dendritic cells Dynamic innate immune responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 suppresses host gene expression, including that of type I interferon, in infected cells abstract: The new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and spread around the world in <3 months, infecting millions of people, and causing countries to shut down public life and businesses. Nearly all nations were unprepared for this pandemic with healthcare systems stretched to their limits due to the lack of an effective vaccine and treatment. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is respiratory disease that can result in a cytokine storm with stark differences in morbidity and mortality between younger and older patient populations. Details regarding mechanisms of viral entry via the respiratory system and immune system correlates of protection or pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of the innate immune responses in the lung to the coronaviruses MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This review provides insight into key innate immune mechanisms that will aid in the development of therapeutics and preventive vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01979 id: cord-260921-9xgrthg7 author: Ahuja, Abhimanyu S. title: Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Approach date: 2020-05-27 words: 1905.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260921-9xgrthg7.txt summary: There is now a growing amount of coronavirus related datasets as well as published papers that must be leveraged along with artificial intelligence (AI) to fight this pandemic by driving news approaches to drug discovery, vaccine development, and public awareness. We believe that AI can be harnessed to combat this deadly pandemic and spur innovation in four key areas: drug discovery, vaccine development, public communications, and integrative medicine. With the spread of showing no signs of slowing and its relatively high mortality rate when compared to other viral bases illnesses such as influenza, it is essential to develop vaccines and antiviral medications against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, AI can aid in both screening currently available drugs and accelerating the process of antiviral development to help treat COVID-19. As more is learned about pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, an AI based approach may provide great benefit in screening possible integrative medicine techniques for the risk reduction of COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is taking a colossal toll in human suffering and lives. A significant amount of new scientific research and data sharing is underway due to the pandemic which is still rapidly spreading. There is now a growing amount of coronavirus related datasets as well as published papers that must be leveraged along with artificial intelligence (AI) to fight this pandemic by driving news approaches to drug discovery, vaccine development, and public awareness. AI can be used to mine this avalanche of new data and papers to extract new insights by cross-referencing papers and searching for patterns that AI algorithms could help discover new possible treatments or help in vaccine development. Drug discovery is not a trivial task and AI technologies like deep learning can help accelerate this process by helping predict which existing drugs, or brand-new drug-like molecules could treat COVID-19. AI techniques can also help disseminate vital information across the globe and reduce the spread of false information about COVID-19. The positive power and potential of AI must be harnessed in the fight to slow the spread of COVID-19 in order to save lives and limit the economic havoc due to this horrific disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213422020300664?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100434 id: cord-030730-ciatihn0 author: Ahuja, Sakshi title: Deep transfer learning-based automated detection of COVID-19 from lung CT scan slices date: 2020-08-21 words: 5399.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030730-ciatihn0.txt summary: In Phase 3, abnormality in chest CT-scan images of COVID-19 positive cases is localized using the feature map and activation layers of best performing pre-trained transfer learning model. The contribution of the proposed work can be summarized as i) the proposed methodology with the novel data augmentation on the limited dataset is used to classify the CT scan data into binary classes, i.e., COVID-19 and non-COVID, ii) The performance of four pre-trained transfer learning models are compared to address the issue of COVID-19 detection through CT scan with the limited dataset, iii) Further, the feature maps of the deeper layer (pooling layer) of the best performing transfer learning model are used to investigate the abnormality in COVID-19 positive patients. Deep learning-based model (composed of three components: a) backbone network, b) classification head, and c) anomaly detection head [30] X-ray 100 chest images of COVID-19 positive cases [18] and 1431 images of pneumonia [31] The sensitivity of 96.00% and specificity of 70.65% is achieved. abstract: Lung abnormality is one of the common diseases in humans of all age group and this disease may arise due to various reasons. Recently, the lung infection due to SARS-CoV-2 has affected a larger human community globally, and due to its rapidity, the World-Health-Organisation (WHO) declared it as pandemic disease. The COVID-19 disease has adverse effects on the respiratory system, and the infection severity can be detected using a chosen imaging modality. In the proposed research work; the COVID-19 is detected using transfer learning from CT scan images decomposed to three-level using stationary wavelet. A three-phase detection model is proposed to improve the detection accuracy and the procedures are as follows; Phase1- data augmentation using stationary wavelets, Phase2- COVID-19 detection using pre-trained CNN model and Phase3- abnormality localization in CT scan images. This work has considered the well known pre-trained architectures, such as ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, and SqueezeNet for the experimental evaluation. In this work, 70% of images are considered to train the network and 30% images are considered to validate the network. The performance of the considered architectures is evaluated by computing the common performance measures. The result of the experimental evaluation confirms that the ResNet18 pre-trained transfer learning-based model offered better classification accuracy (training = 99.82%, validation = 97.32%, and testing = 99.4%) on the considered image dataset compared with the alternatives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440966/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-01826-w id: cord-343688-g6bevqxq author: Ahundjanov, B. B. title: Power Law in COVID-19 Cases in China date: 2020-07-27 words: 5604.0 sentences: 385.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343688-g6bevqxq.txt summary: We show that the upper tail of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities is well described by a power law distribution, with exponent less than one, and that a random proportionate growth model predicated by Gibrat''s law is a plausible explanation for the emergence of the observed power law behavior. 4 The robust fit of power law to cross-sectional distribution of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities potentially provides macro-level evidence for random proportionate growth posited by Gibrat''s law. In summary, our estimation results and diagnostic tests provide strong evidence that the COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities can be well characterized by the power law (Pareto) distribution. 1101 In light of the discussion in Section 4.1, the confirmation of Gibrat''s law for COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities provides a plausible explanation for the emergence of power law behavior shown for the data. We presented empirical evidence for a power law distribution for the upper tail of the number of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in China in December 2019. Within a short period of time, the infectious disease has spread far and wide. This study focuses on the distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases in China---the original epicenter of the outbreak. We show that the upper tail of COVID-19 cases in Chinese cities is well described by a power law distribution, with exponent less than one, and that a random proportionate growth model predicated by Gibrat's law is a plausible explanation for the emergence of the observed power law behavior. This finding is significant because it implies that COVID-19 cases in China is heavy-tailed and disperse, that a few cities account for a disproportionate share of COVID-19 cases, and that the distribution has no finite mean or variance. The power-law distributedness has implications for effective planning and policy design as well as efficient use of government resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.25.20161984 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.25.20161984 id: cord-298991-5qae0ege author: Aiello, Francesco title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review date: 2020-05-18 words: 3143.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298991-5qae0ege.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients'' conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay. This systematic review will firstly attempt to analyse the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions (i.e., cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears), in order elucidate if conjunctival transmission occurs, and secondarily aims to propose a potential diagnostic tool in the evaluation of suspected, infected patients. Due to the scant evidence, both original articles, editorials, letters, and reviews providing evidence (i.e., prevalence, anecdotal report) about SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions were all included in the study. This systematic review analysed 252 SARS-CoV-2infected patients globally who underwent conjunctival swab, and demonstrates the prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 to be as high as 32% (12 patients out 38) , differently as what Lu et al. abstract: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been described to potentially be complicated by ocular involvement. However, scant information is available regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ocular structures tropism. We conducted a systematic review of articles referenced in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) from December 20, 2019 to April 6, 2020, providing information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears. We excluded ongoing clinical studies as for unobtainable conclusive results. Of 2422 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria for analysis and were included in the study. None of the studies were multinational. Among the 11 selected papers there were three original articles, one review, four letters, two editorials, and one correspondence letter. Globally, 252 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were included in our review. The prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 was demonstrated to be as high as 32% in one study only. Globally, three patients had conjunctivitis with a positive tear-PCR, 8 patients had positive tear-PCR in the absence of conjunctivitis, and 14 had conjunctivitis with negative tear-PCR. The majority of the available data regarding SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions have to be considered controversial. However, it cannot be excluded that SARS-CoV-2 could both infect the eye and the surrounding structures. SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients’ conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-020-0926-9 doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0926-9 id: cord-261086-pwgsl32m author: Aigner, Clemens title: COVID-19 in a lung transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-13 words: 477.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261086-pwgsl32m.txt summary: In a report based on data collected in China from 1099 patients during the two first months of Covid-19 outbreaks, 5% of the patients were admitted to ICU, 2.3% underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and 1.4% died (2) . From these first very early experiences with Covid-19 in renal, heart and lung transplant recipients, disease presentation seemed to be similar as in the general population. Whether Covid-19 is more severe or probably mitigated due to the effects of the immunosuppression on virus replication in patient after solid organ transplantation is still unknown but recovery was so far possible in most reported cases, although some anecdotal unpublished reports from Italy suggest a higher morbidity in older transplant recipients. Based on this experience a higher clinical suspicion is warranted and early testing is recommended, since COVID-19 can be present even in relatively asymptomatic patients after lung transplantation. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053249820315114?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.004 id: cord-269593-ipxwf4pv author: Aisenberg, Gabriel M. title: A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 words: 245.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269593-ipxwf4pv.txt summary: title: A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic The medical students are home: they are considered non-essentials, and the Dean decides that "School''s Out for summer", as Alice Cooper would say. Longing for the COVID-19 surge, the hospital teams reorganized to increase efficiency and avoid burnout. I meet with the third-year resident and the intern; a future dermatologist, who I have known since she was a student. My team has only volunteers; they want to see patients with COVID-19. At this moment of the pandemic, we have learned that asymptomatic transmission occurs and that with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) no one in our hospital caught the virus [2, 3] . This combination makes us feel safe, as every one of our suspected COVID-19 patients is seen in full PPE, and our risk is thus low. COVID-19 transmissions through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32444191/ doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.05.012 id: cord-285588-ug7upa3r author: Ajibade, Ayomikun title: Telemedicine in cardiovascular surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and our experience date: 2020-08-16 words: 4136.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285588-ug7upa3r.txt summary: [23] [24] [25] TM has already been adapted into primary care, with telephone consultations and home-monitoring systems already are in regular use in general practice, however, with the adjustments made to secondary and tertiary care services in the COVID-19 era, it is unclear as to whether TM can meet the needs of complex specialities such as cardiovascular surgery. 48 While some trials show that superiority of using TM over conventional management may be debatable, the majority of the research indicates that the monitoring of clinical parameters of cardiac patients during COVID-19 is likely to be useful in not only the overall management of the changing health status of patients, but also more specifically in facilitating effective remote presurgical triaging, detecting cardiac deterioration, and managing potential postsurgical complications. Combinations of regular virtual consultations and remote monitoring of clinical parameters are feasible for cardiac surgery patients and would be useful to assess and triage before surgery. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The SAR‐COV‐2 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on the UK's healthcare systems. To reduce spread of the virus, elective treatments and surgeries have been postponed or canceled. There has been a rise in the use of telemedicine (TM) as an alternative way to carry outpatient consultations. This systematic review aims to evaluate the extent to which TM may be able to support cardiac and vascular surgery patients in the COVID‐19 era. METHODS: We looked into how TM can support the management of patients via triaging, preoperative, and postoperative care. Evaluations targeted the clinical effectiveness of common TM methods and the feasibility of applying those methods in the UK during this pandemic. RESULTS: Several studies have published their evidence on the benefit of TM and its benefit during COVID‐19, the data related to cardiovascular surgery and how this will impact future practice of this speciality is emerging and yet larger studies with appropriate timing of outcomes to be published. CONCLUSION: Overall, the use of virtual consultations and remote monitoring is feasible and best placed to support these patients via triaging and postoperative monitoring. However, TM can be limited by the need of sophisticated technological requirement and patients’ educational and know‐how computer literacy level. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14933 doi: 10.1111/jocs.14933 id: cord-347058-kejcwlng author: Akbari, Hamed title: The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-29 words: 3255.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347058-kejcwlng.txt summary: AIMS: This study aimed to make a comparison between the clinical laboratory-related factors, complete blood count (CBC) indices, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets in order to distinguish severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from the non-severe ones. Our meta-analyses with random-effect models showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocyte, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD3 cells, CD19 cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and an increase in the white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), and serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in the severe group compared to the non-severe group. In this new pandemic pneumonia, the levels of CRP and ESR significantly increased in severe cases compared to non-severe COVID-19 patients [31, 45] , which greatly coincides with those found in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to make a comparison between the clinical laboratory-related factors, complete blood count (CBC) indices, cytokines, and lymphocyte subsets in order to distinguish severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from the non-severe ones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until March 31, 2020. Cochrane's Q test and the I(2) statistic were used to determine heterogeneity. We used the random-effect models to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). KEY FINDINGS: Out of a total of 8557 initial records, 44 articles (50 studies) with 7865 patients (ranging from 13 to 1582), were included. Our meta-analyses with random-effect models showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocyte, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD3 cells, CD19 cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and an increase in the white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)/hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), and serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) in the severe group compared to the non-severe group. However, no significant differences were found in IL-1β, IL-17, and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio between the two groups. SIGNIFICANCE: Decrease in total lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets as well as the elevation of CRP, ESR, SAA, PCT, ferritin, and cytokines, but not IL-1β and IL-17, were closely associated with COVID-19 severity, implying reliable indicators of severe COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002432052030919X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118167 id: cord-311752-stqrf50k author: Akbariqomi, Mostafa title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran date: 2020-09-24 words: 2624.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311752-stqrf50k.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A single-center, retrospective study in Iran Aim To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics along with outcomes of hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without diabetes. Hence, in this study it was aimed to evaluate and compare demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes from a single medical center in Iran. The present research was a retrospective study of 595 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 which were analyzed in the cases of baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Iran to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: a two-center, retrospective study abstract: Aim To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics along with outcomes of hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with and without diabetes. Methods This retrospective, single-center study included 595 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from February 26, 2020 to March 26, 2020. Demographic data, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings were collected and compared between patients based on diabetes status. Complications and clinical outcomes were followed up until April 4, 2020. Results From among the 595 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the median age was 55 years and 401 (67.4%) were male. The most common symptoms included fever (419 [70.4%]), dry cough (368 [61.8%]) and dyspnea (363 [61%]). A total of 148 patients (24.9%) had diabetes, and compared with patients without diabetes, these patients had more comorbidities (eg, hypertension [48.6% vs. 22.3%; P <.001]); had higher levels of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood urea nitrogen, and had a higher proportion of patchy ground-glass opacity in chest computed tomography findings (52.7% vs. 25.7%; P <.001). Significantly, patients with diabetes had more complications and needed more respiratory support than those without diabetes (P <.001). At the end of the follow-up, treatment failure and death was significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (17.8% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.003). Conclusion COVID-19 patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of complications and a higher in-hospital mortality during hospitalization. Diabetes status of COVID-19 patients and frequent monitoring of glycemia would be helpful to prevent deteriorating clinical conditions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822720307208?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108467 id: cord-353229-k3zerr83 author: Akca, Ummusen Kaya title: Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 4365.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353229-k3zerr83.txt summary: Herein, we report the characteristics of four patients with Kawasaki-like phenotype associated with COVID-19 from Turkey and analyze the features of similar published cases through a systematic literature review. Diagnosis of complete KD was based on the criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA): the presence of fever for at least 5 days accompanied by the presence of at least four of the following five findings: bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection, unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in the lips and oral cavity, skin rash, and changes in extremities, including indurative angioedema and desquamation [18] . Children with persistent fever, inflammation (neutrophilia, high CRP, and lymphopenia), and single or multi-organ dysfunction have been identified in the UK as "Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in relation to SARSCoV-2 (PMIS-TS)" regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results [73] . Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort abstract: Children with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being reported to have manifestations of hyperinflammatory states and/or Kawasaki-like disease. In this study, we investigated children with typical and atypical Kawasaki disease (KD) likely to be associated with COVID-19. We have reported four children with Kawasaki-like disease probably associated with COVID-19. The clinical features were consistent with incomplete KD in three patients. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was positive in one and the serology was positive in one patient with negative RT-PCR. Corticosteroids, anakinra, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and acetylsalicylic acid were used in the treatment. Three patients recovered after the treatment while one patient died. The literature review revealed 36 articles describing 320 children with Kawasaki-like disease associated with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was negative in 120 (65.5%) of 183 patients while the serology was positive in 130 (83.8%) of 155 patients. The therapeutic options have included IVIG, acetylsalicylic acid, tocilizumab, anakinra, enoxaparin, and methylprednisolone. Pediatric COVID-19 cases may present with atypical/incomplete Kawasaki-like disease. Thus, pediatricians need to be aware of such atypical presentations resembling KD for early diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04701-6 id: cord-286565-bmcsyfz9 author: Akdeniz, Gulsum title: A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey date: 2020-07-15 words: 4220.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286565-bmcsyfz9.txt summary: This study aims to assess the spread and frequency of protective behaviors, emotional and anxiety status among the Turkish population using a rapid survey during the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents were asked about about (i) demographic and epidemiological information, (ii) protective behaviors to prevent catching the coronavirus, (iii) different emotions and thoughts caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, (iv) anxiety status during the COVID-19 outbreak, and (v) exposure to COVID-19 Outbreak on TV. So, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of anxiety and emotional status and protective behaviors among the young Turkish population and examine their associations with media exposure using a rapid assessment during the COVID-19 outbreak. So, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of anxiety and emotional status and protective behaviors among the young Turkish population and examine their associations with media exposure using a rapid assessment during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: A new coronavirus disease began on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan/China and has caused a global outbreak in only a few months resulting in millions being infected. In conjunction with its’ physical side effects, this outbreak also has a tremendous impact on psychology health. This study aims to assess the spread and frequency of protective behaviors, emotional and anxiety status among the Turkish population using a rapid survey during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online questionnaire was administered to 3,040 respondents between the ages of 18–30. This cross-sectional study was conducted from Apr 2 to Apr 8, 2020. While questions related to the outbreak were created by members of our neuroscience department, the Turkish version of the Abbreviated Beck Anxiety Inventory was included in our survey to measure anxiety status. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. We found that 90% of respondents report washing hands more frequently since the outbreak while %50 wear protective gloves. Respondents were more fearful of their relatives catching the coronavirus disease than they were of themselves catching it. In response to the question, “What are your emotions about the coronavirus?”, 38% responded with “worried”. There was a significant correlation between anxiety status and consumption information from the media about COVID-19. Individual early protection behaviors might slow transmission of the outbreak. Our results showed that the behavior of the participants has changed in predictable ways during the COVID-19 outbreak. Understanding how emotional responses such as fear and anxiety status vary and the specific factors that mediate it may help with the design of outbreak control strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760303/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00695 id: cord-325293-nwxtyrpl author: Akhtar, Hubba title: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 words: 3502.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325293-nwxtyrpl.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: To review published studies related to the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with pregnancy, foetal, and neonatal outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a systematic manner. This study was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method identifying published literature on COVID-19 and its potential impact on pregnancy and neonates. The comprehensive literature search was carried out with PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar, using key MeSH words, which include "COVID-19," "Pregnancy," "Coronavirus 2019," "Newborn," "Foetus," "Neonate," "vertical transmission," and "outcomes." All published articles have been reviewed, and the findings have been included in this study. [6] Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia 9 10 (2 twins) Fever (8) Intrauterine distress (6) Shortness of breath (6) Infections (4) (3) PROM (3) Fever (2) NRDS (2) Sore throat (1) (3) Dyspnoea (1) Sore throat (1) NVD (1) Diarrhoea (1) Unknown as still pregnant (4) Yu et al. abstract: INTRODUCTION: To review published studies related to the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections with pregnancy, foetal, and neonatal outcomes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a systematic manner. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search was done through PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar from December 01, 2019, to May 22, 2020, along with the reference list of all included studies. All cohort studies that reported on outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy were included. Qualitative assessment of included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: Upon admission, most pregnant women underwent a low-dose radiation CT scan; the reports of which included unilateral/bilateral pneumonia in most patients. A marked lymphopenia was also noted in many patients with COVID-19. 513 titles were screened, and 22 studies were included, which identified 156 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 108 neonatal outcomes. The most common maternal/foetal complications included intrauterine/foetal distress (14%) and premature rupture of membranes (8%). The neonatal clinical manifestations of COVID-19 commonly included shortness of breath (6%), gastrointestinal symptoms (4%), and fever (3%). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection in pregnancy leads to increased risk in pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, PPROM, and may possibly lead to maternal death in rare cases. There is no evidence to support vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the unborn child. Due to a paucity of inconsistent data regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the newborn, caution should be undertaken to further investigate and monitor possible infection in the neonates born to COVID-19-infected mothers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728006/ doi: 10.1159/000509290 id: cord-326626-ixxk6plf author: Akhtar, Naveed title: Characteristics and Comparison of 32 COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Ischemic Strokes and historical stroke patients. date: 2020-11-02 words: 2455.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326626-ixxk6plf.txt summary: PATIENT AND METHODS: : To determine how COVID-19 infection may affect cerebrovascular disease, we evaluated the ischemic stroke sub-types, clinical course and outcomes prior to and during the pandemic in Qatar. The main objective of the present study is to compare the types of ischemic strokes in patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 infection to a busy tertiary care hospital during the pandemic. The Qatar Stroke Database prospectively collects information on all acute stroke patients For the present study, we evaluated the monthly rates of confirmed ischemic stroke admissions to the hospital for the last 4 months in 2019, prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Similar to previous case reports and case-controlled studies, from USA (10), Iran (26), Dubai (27) , France (28) and China (8), a third of our COVID-19 positive patients had severe disease, required ICU admissions, stayed longer in hospital and had fewer subjects with good outcome. abstract: INTRODUCTION: : The presence of COVID-19 infection may increase the risk of thrombotic events including ischemic strokes. Whilst a number of recent reports suggest that COVID-19 associated stroke tends to be severe, there is limited data on the effects of COVID-19 in prospective registries. PATIENT AND METHODS: : To determine how COVID-19 infection may affect cerebrovascular disease, we evaluated the ischemic stroke sub-types, clinical course and outcomes prior to and during the pandemic in Qatar. The Hamad General Hospital (HGH) stroke database was interrogated for stroke admissions during the last 4 months of 2019 and January-May 2020. RESULTS: : In Qatar the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 increased from only 2 in February to 779 in March, 12,628 in April and 45,501 in May. Stroke admissions to HGH declined marginally from an average of 97/month for six pre-COVID months to 72/month in March – May. There were 32 strokes that were positive for COVID-19. When compared to non-COVID-19 stroke during the three months of the pandemic, COVID-19 patients were younger with significantly lower rates of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. COVID-19 positive patients had more cortical strokes (34.4% vs 5.6%; p= 0.001), severe disease (NIHSS >10: 34.4% vs 16.7%; p=0.001) prolonged hospitalization and fewer with good recovery (mRS 0-2: 28.1% vs 51.9%; p= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: : When compared to six pre-COVID-19 months, the number of ischemic stroke admissions during the three months of the pandemic declined marginally. COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to have a large cortical stroke with severe symptoms and poor outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105435 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105435 id: cord-030992-ed0h045d author: Akhtar, Saeed title: Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 6841.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030992-ed0h045d.txt summary: Deficiencies of micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B complex, C, and D, zinc, iron, and selenium, are common among vulnerable populations in general and among COVID-19 patients in particular and could plausibly increase the risk of mortality. Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, and E and many trace elements, such as iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, and copper, have been shown to elicit immune-boosting properties, [14] [15] [16] and thus deficiencies of these micronutrients could be detrimental to immune function in viral infections. 73, 74 Zhang and Liu 12 suggested supplementation with vitamin C to reduce the incidence of severe lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia, and as a treatment option for COVID-19. In light of these findings on the role of PUFA derivatives in mediating immune function, omega-3 PUFA metabolites like protectin D1 may be useful as supportive dietary therapy for prevention and treatment of flu-like viral infections, including COVID-19. abstract: Worldwide, there is an array of clinical trials under way to evaluate treatment options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Concurrently, several nutritional therapies and alternative supportive treatments are also being used and tested to reduce the mortality associated with acute respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19. In the context of COVID-19, improved nutrition that includes micronutrient supplementation to augment the immune system has been recognized as a viable approach to both prevent and alleviate the severity of the infection. The potential role of micronutrients as immune-boosting agents is particularly relevant for low- and middle-income countries, which already have an existing high burden of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. A systematic literature review was performed to identify nutritional interventions that might prevent or aid in the recovery from COVID-19. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched electronically from February to April 2020. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined for their relevance to this review. The information gathered was collated under various categories. Deficiencies of micronutrients, especially vitamins A, B complex, C, and D, zinc, iron, and selenium, are common among vulnerable populations in general and among COVID-19 patients in particular and could plausibly increase the risk of mortality. Judicious use of need-based micronutrient supplementation, alongside existing micronutrient fortification programs, is warranted in the current global pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income economies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454773/ doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa063 id: cord-289312-3vehcvhc author: Akintayo, Richard O title: COVID-19 and African rheumatology: progress in adversity date: 2020-09-30 words: 1173.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt summary: The first collaborative effort was the pan-African survey 2 of the experience of rheumatologists across all five regions of the continent, done between April 21 and May 7, 2020, which provided a far-reaching understanding of the structure of rheumatology services and the degree of service disruption as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This process, which led to increased recognition of the diversity in the structures and resources of rheumatology services available in countries within the AFLAR network, culminated in the formation of 22 statements of recom mendations for the management of rheumatic diseases in Africa in the context of COVID-19. The widespread suggestion of a role for various diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 triggered an increase in demand that resulted in a shortage of hydroxy chloroquine in many rheumatology services. African League Against Rheumatism (AFLAR) preliminary recommendations on the management of rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2665991320303477 doi: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30347-7 id: cord-318391-2s0rjfn8 author: Akirov, Amit title: Tackling Obesity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-14 words: 2525.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318391-2s0rjfn8.txt summary: A study to assess the effects of lockdown during COVID-19 epidemic on lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes in north India reported carbohydrate consumption and frequency of snacking increased in 21% and 23% of study participants, respectively, while exercise duration decreased in 42% and weight gain was documented in 23% of patients [14] . Furthermore, obesity class I (BMI>30 kg/m2) and obesity class II (BMI>35 kg/m2) have been associated with an increased risk for need of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, independent of age, sex, diabetes mellitus and hypertension [9, 13] . A study from China reported similar findings, noting the association of obesity with high mortality risk in young patients with COVID-19 [3] . Data from England reported that patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were at increased risk for COVID-19 associated mortality, and there was a U-shaped relationship with BMI. Obesity is clearly a pivotal risk factor associated with severe disease -including greater rate of hospital admission, ICU admission, need for ventilation and excess mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797666/ doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3393 id: cord-291644-5y0ioety author: Akiyama, Tomohiro title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-08-29 words: 5835.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291644-5y0ioety.txt summary: title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond Since the long-term continuous measurement of intravascular NO was impossible, complementary tests were conducted to determine whether IFMC could increase the surface temperature, blood flow rate, velocity and vessel diameter in the human body. The present study confirmed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC, with a size of tens of nanometres (Figure 1 ), could induce an increase of intravascular NO (Figure 3) , vasodilation (vessel diameter) and blood flow rate in a living body (Figure 4) , as well as an increase of the surface temperature of a hand including fingers ( Figure 5 ). To summarise, our inter-and trans-disciplinary approach revealed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC can induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and blood flow rate, as well as an increase of hand surface temperature in a living body. abstract: There are currently no promising therapy strategies for either the treatment or prevention of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), despite the urgent need. In addition to respiratory diseases, vascular complications are rapidly emerging as a key threat of COVID-19. Existing nitric oxide (NO) therapies have been shown to improve the vascular system; however, they have different limitations in terms of safety, usability and availability. In light of this, we hypothesise that a natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial, which was developed based on NO therapy, might be a viable strategy for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The present study examined if it could induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and the consequent increase of blood flow rate and temperature in a living body. The intravascular NO concentration in the hepatic portal of rats was increased by 0.17 nM over 35.2 s on average after its application. An ultrasonic Doppler flow meter showed significant increases in the blood flow rate and vessel diameter, but no difference in the blood flow velocity. These were corroborated by measurements of human hand surface temperature. To our knowledge, this result is the first evidence where an increase of intravascular NO and vasodilation were induced by bringing a natural-mineral-based nanomaterial into contact with or close to a living body. The precise mechanisms remain a matter for further investigation; however, we may assume that endothelial NO synthase, haemoglobin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor are deeply involved in the increase of intravascular NO. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872395/ doi: 10.3390/nano10091699 id: cord-308364-4u4woek3 author: Akkineni, Sisir title: Percutaneous Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: The Miami Model date: 2020-09-28 words: 1258.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308364-4u4woek3.txt summary: In this case series of three patients, we describe our technique for performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy on patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We describe a procedurally-sound and safe technique for performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy on patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our modifications to reduce the aerosolization and healthcare worker transmission included the following: use of PAPRs, a tight endotracheal adaptor seal for bronchoscopy, application of a syringe to the introducer needle to maintain a closed circuit, placement of gauze around the stoma, attachment of a HEPA filter externally to the tracheostomy tube, minimal cuff deflation during retraction of the ET tube, and induced apnea during times of airway opening. Some of the modifications to decrease aerosolization in COVID-19 patients during percutaneous tracheostomy reported in literature include exchanging the ETT to a smaller 6mm internal diameter tube prior to the procedure and keeping the cuff inflated at the carina while the operator worked around the ETT during tracheal cannulation [8]. abstract: The surge in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems globally. With the increasing need for critical care resources, tracheostomy can facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation and potentially increase availability of critical care resources. In this case series of three patients, we describe our technique for performing bedside percutaneous tracheostomy on patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We hope to provide proceduralists with a specific method for percutaneous tracheostomies that is both safe for the patient and provider. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014704/ doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101237 id: cord-272178-g1mfkrz2 author: Akoluk, Arda title: Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA date: 2020-09-03 words: 1262.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272178-g1mfkrz2.txt summary: CASE PRESENTATION: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS, and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. 3, 4 We present the first case in the literature of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. Confirmatory chest CT angiogram (CTA) revealed a saddle Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Treated with VA-ECLS and Catheter tPA 2 Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine PE, dense bilateral interlobar arterial clot burden with diffuse segmental/subsegmental extension (Figures 1a-1b) . To our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive PE treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS, and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been the focus of the medical world since being declared a pandemic in March 2020. While the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of COVID-19 manifestations is still not fully understood, viral evasion of cellular immune responses and inflammatory dysregulation are believed to play essential roles in disease progression and severity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS, and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. He was discharged from the hospital after an eventful hospital course on therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case of a patient with COVID-19 with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) treated successfully with systemic thrombolysis, VA-ECLS and bail out catheter directed thrombolysis. In our experience catheter directed thrombolysis comes with an acceptable bleeding risk despite use of mechanical circulatory support, particularly with meticulous attention to vascular access and dose response monitoring. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179548420957451 doi: 10.1177/1179548420957451 id: cord-337082-2xas41mj author: Akoumianakis, Ioannis title: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity date: 2020-06-22 words: 3524.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337082-2xas41mj.txt summary: 2 Interestingly, the aetiologic agent behind COVID-19, severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis, suggesting therapeutic implications for this axis. ACE2 is expressed in both alveolar cells and cardiomyocytes, which may explain the severe lung and myocardial injury observed in COVID-19 patients. 97 Considering the detrimental effects of AngII on lung and myocardial biology, it has been hypothesized that ACE1 inhibitors and ARBs may actually protect against severe COVID-19 disease. 33 A retrospective study in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 showed that in-hospital use of ACE1 inhibitors and ARBs was, in fact, associated with reduced mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. The link between adipose tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system signaling and obesity-associated hypertension A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2), is a rapidly evolving pandemic challenging the world and posing unprecedented public health issues. Current data show that COVID‐19 is associated with increased disease severity in individuals with obesity. Obesity is usually associated with dysregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) axis. RAAS has also been implicated in acute lung injury as well as myocardial injury and has thus attracted interest as a potential regulator of COVID‐19 severity. Whilst research all over the world is still struggling to provide a detailed characterization of the biology of SARS‐CoV2 and its associated disease profile, it has become evident that SARS‐CoV2 uses the membrane‐bound form of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for cell internalization. ACE2 is a protective component of the RAAS axis and is downregulated after SARS‐CoV2 infection. The RAAS axis could thus be a link between obesity and COVID‐19 severity; therefore, more accurate understanding of the underlying mechanisms would be needed with the hope of proposing efficient therapeutic interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13077 doi: 10.1111/obr.13077 id: cord-317728-0hcsblrf author: Aksan, Feyzullah title: A COVID-19 patient with intense burning pain date: 2020-08-10 words: 1251.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317728-0hcsblrf.txt summary: Admission labs, including biomarkers of the systemic immunological dysfunction seen in many cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were within normal ranges. While it is rare, a significant number of COVID-19 patients are afflicted by neuropathic pain, and our case illustrates that gabapentin may be effective. The qualities of this patient''s pain suggested a neuropathic etiology, so gabapentin was selected as a treatment. 2017) , and in addition to the qualities of the patient''s pain, the efficacy of gabapentin further suggested a neuropathic etiology. While neuropathic pain may be rarer than anosmia as a neurologic manifestation of COVID-19, it was found in 2.3% (p = 0.07) of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in one observational case series (Mao et al. While it is rare, a significant number of COVID-19 patients are afflicted by neuropathic pain, and our case illustrates that gabapentin may be effective in relieving it. abstract: A woman in her forties with asthma and COPD was admitted to a general medical floor with respiratory symptoms, body aches, and anosmia. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Admission labs, including biomarkers of the systemic immunological dysfunction seen in many cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), were within normal ranges. On the second day of admission, she developed neck and back pain that was constant, burning in quality, and exacerbated by light touch and heat. Wearing clothing caused pain and interfered with her sleep. The area was tender to light finger stroke. The patient was given acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids with no relief of pain. However, gabapentin was effective. At follow-up 1 month later, her symptoms were improved and still relieved by gabapentin. Neuropathic pain was seen in over 2% of COVID-19 patients in one observational study. The pain seen in our case was bilateral, involved an area innervated by multiple levels of spinal nerves, and was limited to the back. While it is rare, a significant number of COVID-19 patients are afflicted by neuropathic pain, and our case illustrates that gabapentin may be effective. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779108/ doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00887-4 id: cord-347488-th07jo7u author: Akseer, Nadia title: COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date: 2020-06-19 words: 3344.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt summary: Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. A recent modelling exercise of various estimates of the potential impact of COVID-19-related economic deterioration, food insecurity, and interruption of programs of community-based detection and management of malnutrition suggests that the prevalence of wasting could increase by 10-50% with an excess of ∼40,000-2,000,000 child deaths (4) . In today''s COVID-19 environment, such systems in Peru, Kyrgyz Republic, and many other countries can be leveraged to build on and enhance social and economic protection for vulnerable families, and consequently prevent ill health and chronic undernutrition in children. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage health and economic metrics globally, including progress in maternal and child nutrition. Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. This review highlights key areas of concern for maternal and child nutrition during and in the aftermath of COVID-19 while providing strategic guidance for countries in their efforts to reduce maternal and child undernutrition. Rooted in learnings from the exemplars in Global Health's Stunting Reduction Exemplars project, we provide a set of recommendations that span investments in sectors that have sustained direct and indirect impact on nutrition. These include interventions to strengthen the food-supply chain and reducing food insecurity to assist those at immediate risk of food shortages. Other strategies could include targeted social safety net programs, payment deferrals, or tax breaks as well as suitable cash-support programs for the most vulnerable. Targeting the most marginalized households in rural populations and urban slums could be achieved through deploying community health workers and supporting women and community members. Community-led sanitation programs could be key to ensuring healthy household environments and reducing undernutrition. Additionally, several COVID-19 response measures such as contact tracing and self-isolation could also be exploited for nutrition protection. Global health and improvements in undernutrition will require governments, donors, and development partners to restrategize and reprioritize investments for the COVID-19 era, and will necessitate data-driven decision making, political will and commitment, and international unity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559276/ doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa171 id: cord-352187-h9if17ba author: Aksoy, Yasemin Erkal title: Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey date: 2020-07-08 words: 2560.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352187-h9if17ba.txt summary: PURPOSE: The study was carried out to determine the psychological impact levels of nurses and midwives due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study is to determine the psychological impact levels of nurses and midwives due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the State Anxiety Inventory scores of the nurses and midwives participating in our study with the state of chronic disease, the most intense emotion felt due to COVID-19, experiencing remorse due to their occupation, and difficulties in social, profession, family and private life due to COVID-19. It was determined that there was a difference between the inhibitory anxiety subscale score of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale with having remorse due to their profession and having difficulties in profession, family and private life due to COVID-19 (Table 4) . abstract: PURPOSE: The study was carried out to determine the psychological impact levels of nurses and midwives due to the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: The research is planned in a descriptive type. Nurses and midwives working in any health institution in Turkey constituted the population of the research. The questionnaire form of the study was shared on social media tools between 01 and 14 April 2020 and a total of 758 nurses and midwives were included in the study sample. Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale were used as data collection tools. RESULTS: Participants who attended the study were 56.9% of nurses and 43.1% of midwives. Approximately half of the nurses and midwives (48.8%) participating in our study contacted the patient with suspected COVID-19, and 29.8% provided care to the patient diagnosed with COVID-19. Nurses and midwives were scored 52.75 ± 9.80 for State Anxiety, 44.87 ± 7.92 for Trait Anxiety Inventory and 35.16 ± 9.42 for Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. It has been determined that 54.5% of nurses and midwives have been making their lives worse since the outbreak started, 62.4% had difficulties in dealing with the uncertain situation in the outbreak, 42.6% wanted psychological support and 11.8% had alienated from their profession. It was determined that there was a difference between scale scores and difficulties in work, family and private life due to COVID-19. CONCLUSION: As a result, it is seen that the midwives and nurses in our country have high psychological effects due to the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883941720302594?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.011 id: cord-304108-kn9v8qmz author: Aksu, Kurtuluş title: Factors determining COVID‐19 pneumonia severity in a country with routine BCG vaccination date: 2020-08-19 words: 2648.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304108-kn9v8qmz.txt summary: While the rate of cases vaccinated with BCG is lower (68.5% vs 88.2%; p=.026), the mean age (54.0 ± 11.5 years vs 38.3 ±10.7 years; p <.001), diabetes (32.6% vs 5.9%; p=.002) and low income (84.3% vs 52.9% p<.001) are higher in patients with severe disease compared to those with mild disease. Comparison of characteristics of BCG-vaccinated andunvaccinated COVID-19 pneumonia patients revealed that, mean age and low income rate were significantly higher in BCG-unvaccinated subjects compared to BCG-vaccinated subjects. Mean age, rate of diabetes, low-income and BCGvaccination status were the parameters differed significantly between mild and severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients ( Table 3 ). 12, 13 The study population consisted of BCG-vaccinated and -unvaccinated COVID-19 pneumonia cases in order to compare the severity of the disease in the two groups. Accordingly, logistic analysis revealed that increasing age and low income level were predictive of severe disease, whereas BCG vaccination status is not related to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of countries' Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination policies on the course of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak is a curiosity. In this study, the relationship between BCG vaccination status and severity of COVID‐19 pneumonia and the factors affecting disease severity were investigated. METHODS: A retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted between March‐June 2020 in patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 pneumonia, confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 polymerase chain reaction positivity in a nasopharyngeal sample and pulmonary infiltrates in computed chest tomography, in a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Sociodemographic features, body mass index, smoking status, concomitant diseases, income rates, and BCG vaccination status of subjects were analyzed. RESULTS: Study population consisted of 123 adults with COVID‐19 pneumonia (mean age, 49.7 years [standard deviation, 13.3 years]; 82 (66.7%) male). While the rate of cases vaccinated with BCG is lower (68.5% vs 88.2%; p=.026), the mean age (54.0 ± 11.5 years vs 38.3 ±10.7 years; p <.001), diabetes (32.6% vs 5.9%; p=.002) and low income (84.3% vs 52.9% p<.001) are higher in patients with severe disease compared to those with mild disease. According to multivariate analysis increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.119; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.062 – 1.178; p<.001) and low income (OR, 3.209; 95% CI, 1.008 – 10.222; p =.049) are associated with severe disease in COVID‐19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that BCG vaccination is not associated with disease severity in COVID‐19 pneumonia. Age and low income are the main determinants of severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13507 doi: 10.1111/cei.13507 id: cord-260033-9cv4eqp8 author: Al Barbarawi, Mohammed M. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the neurosurgery practice in the North of Jordan date: 2020-06-04 words: 515.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260033-9cv4eqp8.txt summary: Emergency cases must call the civil defense in order to reach our center by dialing 911, this is the only way to access our hospital during the lockdown, because the civil defense are the main responsible for the ambulance team in our country, an estimation for the patient situation is done by civil defense paramedics during ambulation then a reevaluation is done in ER by our on-call team. our hospital criteria for screening is any person had a contact with a COVID-19 patient or with a person who came from other country after lockdown or fever more than 37.7 o or cough. The Neurosurgery department at King Abdullah University Hospital committed to maintain our patient''s health and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that COVID-19 outbreak will stop soon in our country Jordan and the whole world, in order to reach our patients again. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214751920303030 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100793 id: cord-302195-25gjbyi1 author: Al Huraimel, Khalid title: SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions date: 2020-07-15 words: 7089.0 sentences: 386.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302195-25gjbyi1.txt summary: This article aims to examine the latest investigations on SARS-CoV-2 plausible environmental transmission modes, employment of wastewater surveillance for early detection of COVID-19, and elucidating the role of solid waste, water, and atmospheric quality on viral infectivity. There is no conclusive evidence for aerosol or faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 despite several researchers considering them as plausible routes that may explain the high infectivity and global spread of COVID-19 (Chen et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a) . From the literature studied, concerns of COVID-19 infection through environmental contact pertain mainly to areas that lack proper sanitation and wastewater treatment, lack adequate solid waste management infrastructure, in areas where raw sewage is discharged directly into natural water bodies, and in cities where air pollution is problematic.  Robust evidence is needed to assess impact of air pollution, solid waste management, and sewage contamination of water bodies on COVID-19 spread and infectivity. abstract: Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally having a profound effect on lives of millions of people, causing worldwide economic disruption. Curbing the spread of COVID-19 and future pandemics may be accomplished through understanding the environmental context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and adoption of effective detection tools and mitigation policies. This article aims to examine the latest investigations on SARS-CoV-2 plausible environmental transmission modes, employment of wastewater surveillance for early detection of COVID-19, and elucidating the role of solid waste, water, and atmospheric quality on viral infectivity. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via faecal-oral or bio-aerosols lacks robust evidence and remains debatable. However, improper disinfection and defected plumbing systems in indoor environments such as hospitals and high-rise towers may facilitate the transport of virus-laden droplets of wastewater causing infection. Clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to present robust evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible via aerosols, though quantification of virus-laden aerosols at low concentrations presents a challenge. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 can be an effective tool in early detection of outbreak and determination of COVID-19 prevalence within a population, complementing clinical testing and providing decision makers guidance on restricting or relaxing movement. While poor air quality increases susceptibility to diseases, evidence for air pollution impact on COVID-19 infectivity is not available as infections are dynamically changing worldwide. Solid waste generated by households with infected individuals during the lockdown period may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 via fomite transmission route but has received little attention from the scientific community. Water bodies receiving raw sewage may pose risk of infection but this has not been investigated to date. Overall, our understanding of the environmental perspective of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to detecting outbreak and predicting pandemic severity, allowing us to be equipped with the right tools to curb any future pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720344752?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140946 id: cord-334179-cjgsr7xr author: Al Kasab, Sami title: International experience of mechanical thrombectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from STAR and ENRG date: 2020-08-25 words: 3268.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334179-cjgsr7xr.txt summary: 18 Collected data included baseline demographics, admission National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), whether or not patients received intravenous alteplase (tPA), time from last known normal (LKN) to hospital arrival, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) for patients with anterior circulation strokes, location of occlusion, door to groin puncture time, thrombectomy procedure duration, number of attempts, complication rate, and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Finally, to assess the relationship between intubation prior to MT and favorable discharge outcome (mRS 0-2), we estimated a generalized linear model with logit link to control for confounders including age, door to reperfusion time, tPA status, admission NIHSS, and location of LVO. On multivariate analysis, intubation status was associated with higher probability of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.871, 95% CI 1.066 to 3.284, P=0.029) and lower probability of functional 7 Ischemic stroke in the setting of COVID-19 might occur concurrently either from common stroke risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation, as a hypercoaguability-related complication due to COVID-19, a proinflammatory state, or due to decompensation in patients with underlying cerebrovascular disease such as extracranial or intra-cranial stenosis. abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many centers altered stroke triage protocols for the protection of their providers. However, the effect of workflow changes on stroke patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has not been systematically studied. METHODS: A prospective international study was launched at the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic. All included centers participated in the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) and Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG). Data was collected during the peak months of the COVID-19 surge at each site. Collected data included patient and disease characteristics. A generalized linear model with logit link function was used to estimate the effect of general anesthesia (GA) on in-hospital mortality and discharge outcome controlling for confounders. RESULTS: 458 patients and 28 centers were included from North America, South America, and Europe. Five centers were in high-COVID burden counties (HCC) in which 9/104 (8.7%) of patients were positive for COVID-19 compared with 4/354 (1.1%) in low-COVID burden counties (LCC) (P<0.001). 241 patients underwent pre-procedure GA. Compared with patients treated awake, GA patients had longer door to reperfusion time (138 vs 100 min, P=<0.001). On multivariate analysis, GA was associated with higher probability of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.871, P=0.029) and lower probability of functional independence at discharge (RR 0.53, P=0.015). CONCLUSION: We observed a low rate of COVID-19 infection among stroke patients undergoing MT in LCC. Overall, more than half of the patients underwent intubation prior to MT, leading to prolonged door to reperfusion time, higher in-hospital mortality, and lower likelihood of functional independence at discharge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843359/ doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016671 id: cord-354168-omen8vvq author: Al Saleh, Abdullah S. title: Multiple Myeloma in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 words: 3951.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354168-omen8vvq.txt summary: We provide our recommendations (not evidence based) for managing multiple myeloma patients during the pandemic of COVID-19. For high-risk patients we recommend carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) (preferred) or RVd. Decreasing the dose of dexamethasone to 20 mg and giving bortezomib subcutaneously once a week is recommended. We recommend delaying autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), unless the patient has high-risk disease that is not responding well, or if the patient has plasma cell leukemia (PCL). If the patient cannot safely receive sulfa, we would recommend using prophylaxis other than pentamidine, as its administration requires a clinic visit and the fact that it is an aerosolized therapy could be a concern with the current COVID-19 pandemic. For standard-risk patients who are responding well to therapy, we would recommend delaying ASCT until the current situation with COVID-19 improves. Low frequency of CD3+CD4+CD161+ T cells correlates with the occurrence of infections in refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma patients receiving lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone treatment abstract: We provide our recommendations (not evidence based) for managing multiple myeloma patients during the pandemic of COVID-19. We do not recommend therapy for smoldering myeloma patients (standard or high risk). Screening for COVID-19 should be done in all patients before therapy. For standard-risk patients, we recommend the following: ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd) (preferred), cyclophosphamide lenalidomide and dexamethasone (CRd), daratumumab lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd), lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVd), or cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD). For high-risk patients we recommend carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) (preferred) or RVd. Decreasing the dose of dexamethasone to 20 mg and giving bortezomib subcutaneously once a week is recommended. We recommend delaying autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), unless the patient has high-risk disease that is not responding well, or if the patient has plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Testing for COVID-19 should be done before ASCT. If a patient achieves a very good partial response or better, doses and frequency of drug administration can be modified. After 10–12 cycles, lenalidomide maintenance is recommended for standard-risk patients and bortezomib or ixazomib are recommended for high-risk patients. Daratumumab-based regimens are recommended for relapsed patients. Routine ASCT is not recommended for relapse during the epidemic unless the patient has an aggressive relapse or secondary PCL. Patients on current maintenance should continue their therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507690 doi: 10.1159/000507690 id: cord-317399-693q80xo author: Al Wahaibi, Adil title: COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population date: 2020-08-20 words: 3649.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317399-693q80xo.txt summary: title: COVID-19 epidemic monitoring after non-pharmaceutical interventions: the use of time-varying reproduction number in a country with a large migrant population In this study, we will analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 infection transmissibility in Oman in the different populations (Omani and non-Omani) and the effects of the introduction of the nonpharmaceutical measures on disease transmissibility. With the increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases in Oman, our study showed the feasibility of using the time-varying Rt to assess and explain transmissibility dynamics and epidemic progression. However, the use of timevarying Rt in assessing the transmissibility dynamics and epidemic progression was a crucial tool to know how the mitigation measures influenced Rt. Nevertheless, a study from China demonstrated that changes in reporting rates substantially affect estimates of Rt. 23 Thus, the initial Rt is influenced by testing frequency, contact tracing, and reporting of mild cases outside hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19’s emergence carries with it many uncertainties and challenges, one of which is epidemic management strategies. Oman has implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the impact of COVID-19. However, responses to NPIs may be different across different populations in a country with a large number of migrants like Oman. This study investigates the different responses to NPIs assessing the use of time-varying reproduction number (R(t)) to monitor it. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 data from Oman was used from February 24th to June 3rd, 2020 and included demographic and epidemiological information. Data were arranged into pairs of infector–infectee, and two main libraries of R software were used to estimate reproductive number (R(t)). R(t) was calculated for both Omanis and non-Omanis. FINDINGS: A total of 13,538 cases were included, 44·9% of which were Omanis. Among all, we identified 2769 infector–infectee pairs to calculate R(t). There was a sharp drop in R(t) from 3·7, (95% confidence interval [CI] 2·8-4·6) mid-March to 1·4 (95% CI 1·2–1·7) in late March in response to NPIs. Then R(t) decreased to 1·2 (95% CI 1·1–1·3) late April when it rose, corresponding to the easing up of NPIs. Comparing the two groups, the response to major public health controls was more evident in Omanis in reducing the R(t) to 1·09 (95% CI 0·84–1·3) at the end of March. INTERPRETATION: Use of real-time estimation of R(t) has allowed us to follow the effect of NPIs. The migrant population responds differently than the Omani population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220306688?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.039 id: cord-331481-zeaqi1uc author: Al-Ani, Fatimah title: Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review date: 2020-05-27 words: 4640.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331481-zeaqi1uc.txt summary: DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients'' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. Given the rapid emergence of new evidence we sought to conduct a scoping review of coagulopathy and thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection with the aim of providing an overview of the current knowledge on this topic and potentially inform new areas of research. Limitations of evidence include: 1) all studies were limited to a single ethnic population, and extrapolation of this data to other populations might not be accurate, and 2) except for the study by Tang With regards to association with mortality, Zhou and colleagues reported a significantly higher prothrombin time (>16 seconds) in non-survivors (n=54) compared to survivors (n=137) (13% vs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been reportedly associated with a high risk of thrombotic complications. So far information is scarce and rapidly emerging. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review using a single engine search for studies assessing thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients. Additional studies were identified by secondary review and alert services. RESULTS: Studies reported the occurrence of venous thromboembolism and stroke in approximately 20% and 3% of patients, respectively. A higher frequency seems to be present in severely ill patients, in particular those admitted to intensive care units. The thrombotic risk is elevated despite the use of anticoagulant prophylaxis but optimal doses of anticoagulation are not yet defined. Although and increase of biomarkers such as D-dimer has been consistently reported in severely ill COVID-19, the optimal cut-off level and prognostic value are not known. DISCUSSION: A number of pressing issues were identified by this review, including defining the true incidence of VTE in COVID patients, developing algorithms to identify those susceptible to develop thrombotic complications and severe disease, determining the role of biomarkers and/or scoring systems to stratify patients' risk, designing adequate and feasible diagnostic protocols for PE, establishing the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy, and developing uniform diagnostic and reporting criteria. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820302115 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039 id: cord-345108-gtp36snr author: Al-Ani, Raid M. title: Prevalence of Anosmia and Ageusia in Patients with COVID-19 at a Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar date: 2020-08-19 words: 3252.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345108-gtp36snr.txt summary: The male sex, history of recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were positive, highly significant association with anosmia or ageusia. Data regarding the age, gender, history of recent travel, presenting symptoms (fever, myalgia, cough, dyspnea, fatigability, sore throat, anosmia, ageusia, diarrhea, etc.), past nasal and paranasal diseases (NPND), history of smoking, and the severity of the disease were taken from every patient who tested positive. There was a positively statistically significant difference between the 2 groups of patients (with and without anosmia) regarding the following factors the male sex, history of recent travel, smokers, and severe course of the disease. There was a positively statistically significant difference between the 2 groups of patients (with and without ageusia) regarding the following factors the male sex, history of recent travel, smokers, past history of NPND, and severe course of the disease. abstract: Loss of smell and taste are common complaints in patients with the COVID-19 disease. These symptoms may present alone or with other symptoms. It is of utmost importance to know their rates of occurrence for better controlling of the infection. The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in individuals with COVID-19 in Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar. This retrospective study was conducted at Al-Wajbah Primary Health Center, Doha, Qatar. The study covered the two-month period -May and June 2020. The proven cases of COVID-19 by real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were enrolled in the study. Data regarding the age, gender, symptomatology including anosmia and ageusia, history of recent travel, smoking, past history of nasal and paranasal diseases (NPND), and severity of the disease were taken from the patients’ records. IBM- SPSS version 22 statistical software was used for the analysis of the data. Out of 141, 35 (24.82%) subject presented with anosmia, ageusia or both. Most of the patients were from age group > 30 year (n = 104, 73.76%) with nearly equal gender. The majority of the individuals were without history of recent travel (92.2%) and smoking (80.14%). Three-quarters of the patients were asymptomatic, and 51.06% with a past history of NPND. The male sex, history of recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were positive, highly significant association with anosmia or ageusia. All patients returned to their normal smell and taste sensations within a mean duration of 6.89 days. Loss of taste and smell were common symptomatology of COVID-19 disease. The males, recent travel, smoking, and severe course of the disease were risk factors of the anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837952/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02064-9 id: cord-272497-ww9o1kjr author: Al-Anzi, Bader S. title: An Overview of the World Current and Future Assessment of Novel COVID-19 Trajectory, Impact, and Potential Preventive Strategies at Healthcare Settings date: 2020-09-25 words: 8892.0 sentences: 396.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272497-ww9o1kjr.txt summary: The current study aims to assess the trajectory of the recent pandemic due to the COVID-19 outbreak utilizing a new splitting methodology of the selected countries into two groups and developing regression-based and SIR-based statistical models and tools that depict the actual recorded data of COVID-19. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. Figure 1 was generated to show the recorded daily total infected cases of the world over a certain timeframe (22 January 2020 until present), which shows that the COVID-19 disease started to increase slowly until about 11 March and then accelerated at a faster speed afterwards. abstract: This study is an overview of the current and future trajectory, as well as the impact of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the world and selected countries including the state of Kuwait. The selected countries were divided into two groups: Group A (China, Switzerland, and Ireland) and Group B (USA, Brazil, and India) based on their outbreak containment of this virus. Then, the actual data for each country were fitted to a regression model utilizing the excel solver software to assess the current and future trajectory of novel COVID-19 and its impact. In addition, the data were fitted using the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) Model. The Group A trajectory showed an “S” shape trend that suited a logistic function with r(2) > 0.97, which is an indication of the outbreak control. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they passed the expected 99% end of pandemic dates. Group B, however, exhibited a continuous increase of the total COVID-19 new cases, that best suited an exponential growth model with r(2) > 0.97, which meant that the outbreak is still uncontrolled. The SIR models for the countries in this group showed that they are still relatively far away from reaching the expected 97% end of pandemic dates. The maximum death percentage varied from 3.3% (India) to 7.2% with USA recording the highest death percentage, which is virtually equal to the maximum death percentage of the world (7.3%). The power of the exponential model determines the severity of the country’s trajectory that ranged from 11 to 19 with the USA and Brazil having the highest values. The maximum impact of this COVID-19 pandemic occurred during the uncontrolled stage (2), which mainly depended on the deceptive stage (1). Further, some novel potential containment strategies are discussed. Results from both models showed that the Group A countries contained the outbreak, whereas the Group B countries still have not reached this stage yet. Early measures and containment strategies are imperative in suppressing the spread of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992809/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197016 id: cord-270987-7vm6heh1 author: Al-Awadhi, Abdullah M. title: Death and contagious infectious diseases: Impact of the COVID-19 virus on stock market returns date: 2020-04-08 words: 1988.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270987-7vm6heh1.txt summary: As a natural experiment, we use panel data regression analysis to measure the effect of the COVID-19 virus, which is a contagious infectious disease, on the Chinese stock market. The findings indicate that both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and in total cases of death caused by COVID-19 have significant negative effects on stock returns across all companies. The principal novelty of the present study is the examination of the effect of contagious infectious diseases, specifically the COVID-19 virus, on stock market returns. Table 5 reports the results of the panel data tests during the COVID-19 outbreak including B-share dummy variable that is equal to one if stock ( ) is a B-share, and zero otherwise. Specifically, stock returns are significantly negatively related to both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and the daily growth in total cases of death caused by COVID-19. abstract: This study investigates whether contagious infectious diseases affect stock market outcomes. As a natural experiment, we use panel data regression analysis to measure the effect of the COVID-19 virus, which is a contagious infectious disease, on the Chinese stock market. The findings indicate that both the daily growth in total confirmed cases and in total cases of death caused by COVID-19 have significant negative effects on stock returns across all companies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214635020300800?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100326 id: cord-352332-c6phkk8r author: Al-Benna, Sammy title: Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 words: 740.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352332-c6phkk8r.txt summary: title: Sword of Damocles: application of the ethical principles of resource allocation to essential cancer surgery patients requiring beds in limited supply during the COVID-19 pandemic Therefore, there is a demand for cancer surgery which may require beds, ventilators and health care professionals, including surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses. Ethical cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic letter to the editor What is the role of patient autonomy in public health emergencies? Essential cancer surgery has been restricted to a minimum reasonable allotment in accordance with national and international guidelines and regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic, rather than to higher volumes. If essential cancer surgery is not provided to patients, the cancer death rate will climb even higher. Availability of COVID-19 information from national and international aesthetic surgery society websites Availability of COVID-19 information from national plastic surgery society websites abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-020-00655-y doi: 10.1007/s10353-020-00655-y id: cord-302384-gljfslhs author: Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K. title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-27 words: 4544.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302384-gljfslhs.txt summary: title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Thus, this study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of KSA residents, toward COVID-19 during the pandemic spike. To the researchers'' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate COVID-19 KAP, and associated sociodemographic characteristics among the general population of the KSA. Respondents adopted good and safe practices, as a result of Saudi Arabia''s health authorities providing education and outreach materials, to increase public understating of the disease, and influence behavioral change. Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Population in Saudi Arabia abstract: Background: Saudi Arabia has taken unprecedented and stringent preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, safeguard citizens and ensure their well-being. Public adherence to preventive measures is influenced by their knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi public, toward COVID-19, during the pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire, from 3,388 participants. To assess the differences in mean scores, and identify factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19, the data were run through univariate and multivariable regression analyses, respectively. Results: The majority of the study participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 17.96 (SD = 2.24, range: 3–22), indicating a high level of knowledge. The mean score for attitude was 28.23 (SD = 2.76, range: 6–30), indicating optimistic attitudes. The mean score for practices was 4.34 (SD = 0.87, range: 0–5), indicating good practices. However, the results showed that men have less knowledge, less optimistic attitudes, and less good practice toward COVID-19, than women. We also found that older adults are likely to have better knowledge and practices, than younger people. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that targeted health education interventions should be directed to this particular vulnerable population, who may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. For example, COVID-19 knowledge may increase significantly if health education programs are specifically targeted at men. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00217 id: cord-283215-dgysimh5 author: Al-Jabir, Ahmed title: Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) date: 2020-05-12 words: 9055.0 sentences: 492.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283215-dgysimh5.txt summary: Prioritisation of surgical services during this pandemic must be a careful balance of patient needs and resource availability and the European Association of Urology Guidelines Office offer the following suggestions for factors that must be taken into account [3] Whilst there have been no publication of guidelines by any professional association for the management of stone surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some guidance published by Proietti et al [48] suggesting telephone triage of patients followed by prioritisation based on stone size and location, the presence of any obstructive uropathy, patient symptoms, presence of any stents or nephrostomy tubes and any other complicating factors such as renal failure or a solitary kidney. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic represents a once in a century challenge to human healthcare with 2.4 million cases and 165,000 deaths thus far. Surgical practice has been significantly impacted with all specialties writing guidelines for how to manage during this crisis. All specialties have had to triage the urgency of their daily surgical procedures and consider non-surgical management options where possible. The Pandemic has had ramifications for ways of working, surgical techniques, open vs minimally invasive, theatre workflow, patient and staff safety, training and education. With guidelines specific to each specialty being implemented and followed, surgeons should be able to continue to provide safe and effective care to their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive and up to date review we assess changes to working practices through the lens of each surgical specialty. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.002 id: cord-291413-cgec7150 author: Al-Jehani, Hosam title: MENA-SINO Consensus Statement on Implementing Care Pathways for Acute Neurovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 3757.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291413-cgec7150.txt summary: There are several challenges facing endovascular therapy for stroke, including shortages of medical staff who may be deployed for COVID-19 coverage or who may have contracted the infection and are thus quarantined, patients avoiding early medical care, a lack of personal protective equipment, delays in door-to-puncture time, anesthesia challenges, and a lack of high-intensity intensive care unit and stroke ward beds. As a leading regional neurovascular organization, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO) has established a task force composed of medical staff and physicians from different disciplines to establish guiding recommendations for the implementation of acute care pathways for various neurovascular emergencies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a leading regional neurovascular organization, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO) has established a task force composed of medical staff and physicians from different disciplines to establish guiding recommendations for the implementation of acute care pathways for various neurovascular emergencies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: In the unprecedented current era of the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges have arisen in the management and interventional care of patients with acute stroke and large vessel occlusion, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and ruptured vascular malformations. There are several challenges facing endovascular therapy for stroke, including shortages of medical staff who may be deployed for COVID-19 coverage or who may have contracted the infection and are thus quarantined, patients avoiding early medical care, a lack of personal protective equipment, delays in door-to-puncture time, anesthesia challenges, and a lack of high-intensity intensive care unit and stroke ward beds. As a leading regional neurovascular organization, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO) has established a task force composed of medical staff and physicians from different disciplines to establish guiding recommendations for the implementation of acute care pathways for various neurovascular emergencies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This consensus recommendation was achieved through a series of meetings to finalize the recommendation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982938/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00928 id: cord-275191-lgze4zex author: Al-Sadeq, Duaa W. title: The incidence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic patients: a systematic review date: 2020-07-02 words: 3287.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275191-lgze4zex.txt summary: AIM: this study aims to systematically review the published literature on SARS-CoV-2 in the asymptomatic patients to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic cases, as well as describe its epidemiological and clinical significance. The following inclusion criteria were used in study selection: (i) published in a peerreviewed journal, letters, case reports, and commentaries (ii) articles studying the COVID-19 infection in asymptomatic patients, and (iii) articles published in English or at least with an abstract in English. No exclusion criteria were followed unless the studies did not report the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients, published in a non-English language, or do not have full-text access. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: the recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has quickly spread globally since its discovery in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy, including surveillance, diagnostics, research, and clinical treatment is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. Recently, numerous studies reported the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients. Yet, the incidence and viral transmission from the asymptomatic cases are not apparent yet. AIM: this study aims to systematically review the published literature on SARS-CoV-2 in the asymptomatic patients to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic cases, as well as describe its epidemiological and clinical significance. METHOD: the literature was searched through four scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. RESULTS: a total of 63 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria where the majority of the reported studies were from China. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. Studies with a large sample size (n>1000) estimated that percentage of people contracting SARS-CoV-2 and are likely to be asymptomatic ranges from 1.2-12.9%. However, the other studies with a smaller sample size reported a much higher incidence and indicated that up to 87.9% of COVID-19 infected individuals could be asymptomatic. Most of these studies indicated that asymptopatics are a potential source of infection to the community. CONCLUSION: this review highlighted the need for more robust and well-designed studies to better estimate COVID-19 incidence among asymptomatic patients worldwide. The early identification of the asymptomatic cases, as well as monitoring and tracing close contact, could help in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220305336?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.098 id: cord-294349-ps3qlho2 author: Al-Sharif, Eman title: Ocular tropism of coronavirus (CoVs): a comparison of the interaction between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye date: 2020-09-03 words: 7053.0 sentences: 340.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294349-ps3qlho2.txt summary: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported conflicting results on ocular manifestations and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the coronavirus family, the seventh recognized as a human pathogen and the third causing a severe clinical syndrome. Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is an emerging infection which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first reported in Wuhan city, China, late in December 2019 [4] . Clinical ocular manifestations were absent in all SARS-CoV-1 patients, and viral RNA was detected in the conjunctival secretions and tears in three cases out of 120 (2.5%) with a range of 0-8% [6] [7] [8] [9] . Similarly, a small study testing the conjunctival secretions and tears (collected twice over 2-3 days) of 30 confirmed COVID-19 patients demonstrated the presence of viral RNA (in both samples) in one patient only who also showed clinical signs of conjunctivitis [12] . abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported conflicting results on ocular manifestations and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the coronavirus family, the seventh recognized as a human pathogen and the third causing a severe clinical syndrome. COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, similar to the other human coronaviruses. Comparing the relation between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-Cov-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye may contribute to determining their actual eye-tissue tropism and risk of ocular transmission. METHODS: Literature review was conducted via Pubmed.gov, Google Scholar and medRixv using the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, conjunctivitis, tear swab, ocular expression, ocular symptoms and human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 expression. Studies with lack in methodology were excluded. RESULTS: Sixteen observational studies were selected. The range for detection of viral RNA in tears was 0–8% for SARS-CoV-1 and 0–5.3% for SARS-CoV-2, while no reports were found for other coronaviruses. Ocular manifestations have been reported for NL63 and SARS-CoV-2. Ocular symptoms in the form of conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion predominantly were detected in 65 (3.17%) out of 2048 reported patients with COVID-19 (range of 0.8–32%). Eye symptoms were not reported for the other coronaviruses. CONCLUSIONS: Data aggregation for coronaviruses shows a relatively low eye-tissue tropism. Conjunctival congestion is an uncommon manifestation of COVID-19 similar to all human coronaviruses’ infections. In a low percentage of patients, the virus can be excreted in ocular fluids at different stages of the infection, regardless of positive SARS-Cov-2 throat swab. Albeit high viral loads in ocular tissue seem to have relatively low prevalence, the eye should be regarded as a potential source of infection dissemination for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880786/ doi: 10.1007/s10792-020-01575-2 id: cord-281638-qw5szvop author: Al-Tammemi, A. B. title: Is it Just About Physical Health? An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale date: 2020-05-18 words: 5467.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281638-qw5szvop.txt summary: An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students in Jordan Using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale Objectives This study aimed to assess the level of psychological distress among university students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated national measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire, The survey comprised of questions about (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), (iii) coping activities , and (iv) the students most serious concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to that, this study aimed to assess the level of psychological distress among university students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated strict national preventive measures, especially the distance learning strategy. Like many countries, the fear of the pandemic itself, along with the national response strategy in Jordan, which included a total country lockdown, nationwide curfew, and other strict measures, all could impact the population''s mental health especially vulnerable groups (1). abstract: Background Since the spread of COVID-19 on a global scale, most of efforts at the local, national, and international levels were directed primarily to mitigate the spread of the disease. However, the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on global mental health were not thoroughly investigated yet, and studies that report the mental health risks of COVID-19 are still scarce. Objectives This study aimed to assess the level of psychological distress among university students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated national measures. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire, The survey comprised of questions about (i) sociodemographic information, (ii) the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), (iii) coping activities , and (iv) the students most serious concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 381 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Female participants slightly predominated the sample (n=199, 52.2%). The respondents aged 18-38 years (mean 22.6 years, SD: 3.16). The total K10 distress scores had a mean of 34.2 (SD:9.4). However, the mean of total K10 distress scores had no significant association with gender (P=0.57). Age was negatively associated with total K10 distress scores (P=0.0013). Concerning severity, most of the respondents were regarded as having severe psychological distress (n=265, 69.5%), and females were found to have a statistically significant higher percentage in mild and severe psychological distress (P= 0.035), (P=0.016); respectively. 209 students (54.9%) reported that they had no motivation for distance learning. There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between severe psychological distress and motivation for distance learning (P<0.0001). The most common coping strategy among students was Spending more time on social media (n=269, 70.6%). Besides, 49 students (12.9%) reported the use of medications to cope with COVID-10 related distress, and 209 students (54.9%) reported distance learning was their most serious concern. Conclusion The COVID-19 control measures resulted in a severe disruption of various human life activities, and this could impact the mental health of individuals, including students. A nationwide psychological support program should be incorporated into Jordan response strategy in combating the COVID-19, considering students and other vulnerable groups in Jordan. Keywords: COVID-19, Jordan, University, Students, Psychological, Pandemic, Impacts, Kessler. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.20102343v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102343 id: cord-301052-qdhkwa4s author: Al-Tammemi, Ala''a B. title: The Battle Against COVID-19 in Jordan: An Early Overview of the Jordanian Experience date: 2020-05-07 words: 3619.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301052-qdhkwa4s.txt summary: Since the initial spark of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019, which was later declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global pandemic, all affected countries are implementing various preventive and control measures to mitigate the spread of the disease. Jordan is considered a touristic country and a main connection point for many flights and trips within the region, and this, along with the noticeable increase in number of COVID-19 cases globally, has meant that the government has started to implement (periodically revised) strict rules and measures relating to travel, education, religious and social events, as well as working within various industries (17) . Different societal responsibilities, including social distancing, frequent hand washing and sanitization, as well as complying with the recommendations from health authorities, will all result in a more effective national response to limit the spread of the disease, especially upon the release of the current lockdown and curfew in Jordan. abstract: Since the initial spark of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019, which was later declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a global pandemic, all affected countries are implementing various preventive and control measures to mitigate the spread of the disease. The newly emerging virus brings with it uncertainty—not only regarding its behavior and transmission dynamics but also regarding the current lack of approved antiviral therapy or vaccines—and this represents a major challenge for decision makers at various levels and sectors. This article aims to provide an early overview of the COVID-19 battle within the Jordanian context, including general reflections and conclusions on the value of collaborative efforts in crises management. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00188 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00188 id: cord-354160-sca9bgeq author: Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title: Changes in Healthcare managing COVID and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic: Striking the balance date: 2020-08-13 words: 1748.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354160-sca9bgeq.txt summary: Abstract Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare organizations began concentrating on the preparation for and management of the surge of COVID-19 cases, while trying to protect the healthcare workers and other patients from getting COVID-19. However, how those asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patients in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities be managed is not clear. However, it is not clear how to protect patients and healthcare workers from those so called "non-COVID-19" who might be asymptomatically infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are multiple factors contributing to the apparent reduced utilization of healthcare services by to non-COVID-19 patients. There are multiple factors contributing to the apparent reduced utilization of healthcare services by to non-COVID-19 patients. It is becoming evident, however, that we need to develop new solutions on how healthcare organizations should provide care of non-COVID-19 patients, especially those with chronic diseases. abstract: Abstract Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare organizations began concentrating on the preparation for and management of the surge of COVID-19 cases, while trying to protect the healthcare workers and other patients from getting COVID-19. Changing the way people work requires innovative approaches and questioning some long-held medical practices. There are multiple factors contributing to the apparent reduced utilization of healthcare services by to non-COVID-19 patients. We discuss ways to deal with preexisting chronic and COVID-19 patients at the time of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115147 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115147 id: cord-034466-e6kg0yx9 author: Al-Zaidi, Haider Majid Haider title: Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients date: 2020-10-31 words: 1691.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034466-e6kg0yx9.txt summary: title: Incidence and recovery of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients BACKGROUND: This study aims to find the chemosensitive dysfunction incidence in COVID-19-positive patients and its recovery. Many other recent studies found that smell and taste dysfunctions are seen frequently in COVID-19 patients [4] . All these 12/65 (18.46%) patients confirmed that they had no symptoms other than loss of sense of smell before they were tested for COVID-19, and 10/65 (15.38%) patients had taste loss in addition (Fig. 1) . In this study, chemosensitive dysfunction appeared in high percentage of the COVID-19 patients, 89.23% of patients had smell dysfunction and 83.08% had taste dysfunction [2, 6] . Sudden isolated chemosensitive dysfunction appeared in 18.46% and 15.38% for anosmia and taste loss, respectively. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to find the chemosensitive dysfunction incidence in COVID-19-positive patients and its recovery. We collected the data from sixty-five patients, all COVID-19 positive, quarantined in-hospital between 5 April 2020 and 17 May 2020, by a questionnaire distributed in the quarantine ward. RESULTS: Smell dysfunction appeared in 89.23% with or without other symptoms of COVID-19. 39.66% of them recovered the sense of smell. Taste dysfunction found in 83.08% patients with other COVID-19 symptoms. Only 29.63% of them recovered. The recovery took 1–3 weeks, and most cases recovered within 1 week or less. 18.46% and 15.38% had smell and taste dysfunction, respectively, as the only symptom before COVID-19 confirmation. Most of the chemosensitive dysfunction affected the 4th decade of age in this study. CONCLUSION: Chemosensitive dysfunction is associated with coronavirus disease and may be the only symptom that presents the disease. This makes the ENT doctors the first line of contact with the coronavirus. Further objective studies are required to cover chemosensitive dysfunctions, as the recognition of this dysfunction may help the diagnosis of COVID-19, and prevent the spread of this disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602771/ doi: 10.1186/s43163-020-00050-0 id: cord-294963-h68fy5sy author: Al-Zaman, M. S. title: Bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 literature date: 2020-07-19 words: 3375.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294963-h68fy5sy.txt summary: A total of 159 countries produce COVID-19-related researches, and the USA (25.433%) is in the leading position. Apart from such uninvited issues, understanding the ongoing COVID-19-related research trend is essential, and a systematic bibliometric analysis of the relevant published literature may able to provide some insights in this respect. (2020) in their study searched the PubMed database with the keyword "COVID-19" and extracted the data of 183 publications published from 14 January to 29 February 2020. Unlike the top 10 authors and sources, the top 10 countries produce the bulk share of the publications, i.e., n=14633 papers and 89.312% of the total outputs (Table 06 ). This bibliometric study analyzed N=16384 publications'' data related to COVID-19 that were extracted from the Web of Science database. Fifth, the present study finds BMJ as the leading source of COVID-19-related researches, followed by the Journal of Medical Virology that supports the finding of Kambhampati et al. abstract: This study analyzes N=16384 COVID-19-related literature published between December 2019 to June 2020. The data were extracted from the Web of Science database using four keywords: "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", and "SARS-CoV-2". The analysis found that almost all but a tiny number of the papers are published in 2020 (95.16%). Of the 15 types of publications, article (40.015%) is on the top of the list. All publications are in 19 different languages where English (95.313%) is the dominant one. A total of 159 countries produce COVID-19-related researches, and the USA (25.433%) is in the leading position. According to the findings, Wang Y (n=94) is the top author, and the British Medical Journal (BMJ) (n=488) is the top source. Also, the University of London (n=488) is the leading organization with the highest number of papers, and medicine-related papers (n=2259) are the highest in numbers. Apart from these novel findings, this study is perhaps the largest COVID-19-related bibliometric analysis to date. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20154989v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154989 id: cord-286543-mtjk59rp author: Al-Zaman, Md. Sayeed title: Healthcare Crisis in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 words: 1812.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286543-mtjk59rp.txt summary: This article also identifies three responsible issues for the country''s deteriorating health care: 1) poor governance and increased corruption, 2) inadequate healthcare facilities, and 3) weak public health communication. As one of the world''s most densely populated countries (1,115 people/km 2 ) with 21.8% of people living below the poverty line, 2 Bangladesh has a healthcare system that lacks reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, and that has already been proved inadequate to deliver proper health care to the public on many occasions. 3, 5 Amid such a situation, the COVID-19 pandemic reveals many loopholes in the healthcare system that can be summarized under three themes: 1) poor governance and increased corruption, 2) inadequate healthcare facilities, and 3) weak public health communication. 6 In such a situation, many private medicals around the country were either unwilling or abstained from treating COVID-19 patients, and thus healthcare denial intensified. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact worldwide. Developed countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain, had their highly efficient medical infrastructure greatly stressed and suffered from high death tolls. Similarly, Bangladesh, a poverty-stricken South Asian country, is losing its battle against the pandemic, but mainly because of its incompetent healthcare system. The casualties are escalating and public sufferings are becoming unimaginable. On this backdrop, this perspective piece discusses the healthcare crisis in Bangladesh during the pandemic. This article also identifies three responsible issues for the country’s deteriorating health care: 1) poor governance and increased corruption, 2) inadequate healthcare facilities, and 3) weak public health communication. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0826 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0826 id: cord-296072-w8nwj3u6 author: Al-karawi, D. title: Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-04-17 words: 2262.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296072-w8nwj3u6.txt summary: title: Machine Learning Analysis of Chest CT Scan Images as a Complementary Digital Test of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients This paper reports on the development and performance of machine learning schemes for the analysis of Chest CT Scan images of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients and demonstrates significant success in efficiently and automatically testing for COVID-19 infection. In this paper, a new approch based on texture analysis has been develped to distinguish between positive from negative cases using a dataset of COVID-19 Chest CT scan images. These observations were our strong motivation to investigate and design machine learning based schemes using extracted image texture features and test their performances on a sufficiently large dataset of CT scans in terms of distinguishing positive Covid-19 cases from negative ones. We have provided evidences in support of using automatic machine learning for texture analysis of Chest CT scans of suspected COVID-19 patients to complement existing RT-PCR lab testing. abstract: This paper reports on the development and performance of machine learning schemes for the analysis of Chest CT Scan images of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients and demonstrates significant success in efficiently and automatically testing for COVID-19 infection. In particular, an innovative frequency domain algorithm, to be called FFT-Gabor scheme, will be shown to predict in almost real-time the state of the patient with an average accuracy of 95.37%, sensitivity 95.99% and specificity 94.76%. The FFT-Gabor scheme is adequately informative in that clinicians can visually examine the FFT-Gabor feature to support their final diagnostic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063479 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063479 id: cord-256132-ufs9kw3o author: AlAteeq, Deemah A. title: Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA date: 2020-08-01 words: 3030.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256132-ufs9kw3o.txt summary: As disease outbreaks can adversely affect mental health, in this study, we explored the perceived stress levels among students during the COVID-19 outbreak that led to the adjournment of face-to-face teaching in KSA. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 367 students from KSA, which assessed their socio-demographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale, emotions, and concerns during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed to Q14 explore the perceived stress level among students due to the coronavirus disease outbreak and the resulting suspension of in-person teaching in KSA. This study showed high to moderate levels of stress among students in KSA during the COVID-19 outbreak. Please cite this article as: AlAteeq DA et al., Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA, Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infection caused by the coronavirus, which rapidly became a global pandemic. As disease outbreaks can adversely affect mental health, in this study, we explored the perceived stress levels among students during the COVID-19 outbreak that led to the adjournment of face-to-face teaching in KSA. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 367 students from KSA, which assessed their socio-demographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale, emotions, and concerns during the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS: Most participants were female (74.7%) and secondary school (79.8%) students. More than half of the participants showed moderate levels of stress (55%), while 30.2% registered high levels. Females and university students showed a significant association with stress level (p-value = 0.003 and 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a moderate to high level of stress among students in KSA at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study found a significant correlation between a high level of stress and female university students. The integration of online counselling and stress management programs would help mitigate the stress of students during distance learning. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361220301128 doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004 id: cord-291443-ff80mr2a author: AlMutlak, Mohammed title: Future of Corneal Donation and Transplantation: Insights From COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 words: 1587.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291443-ff80mr2a.txt summary: Early on, in the pandemic, with little data available about this new disease and its effect on ocular tissue, eye bank associations around the world rapidly put into place new screening recommendations to reduce the yet unknown risk of donor-recipient transmission during corneal transplantation. 4 In the United States, the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA) released its first screening recommendations on February 3, 2020. As COVID-19 restrictions were gradually lifted throughout the United States in May and June, elective surgeries including corneal transplantation procedures resumed and, according to the same EBAA survey, were at approximately 71% of their usual volume by the beginning of June (42 eye banks reporting) and 81% by the beginning of July (37 eye banks reporting). Donor testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), if performed, will further add cost and time to the distribution of corneal tissue while potentially providing a false sense of security because testing has not been validated for cadaveric samples and have varying rates of false-negative results. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32826649/ doi: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002538 id: cord-309582-ihrj84hr author: AlNaamani, Khalid title: Medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 4047.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309582-ihrj84hr.txt summary: Despite the dedication of enormous resources, the advancement in health care systems and collaboration between different investigators across the world, only a small number of patients over the last decade have in fact benefited from clinical research performed during different outbreaks of respiratory viruses such as was the case for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the HIN1 flu virus (swine flu) or the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. An example of unpublished results that need to be widely acknowledged because of a negative outcome leading to early termination is that of a Brazilian study (CloroCovid19 ) which was a parallel, double-blind, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial, which started on March 23, 2020, aiming to assess safety and efficacy of Chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 is caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has quickly spread to a large number of countries leading to a great number of deaths. Unfortunately, till today there is no specific treatment or vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Most of the suggested treatment medications are based on in vitro laboratory investigations, experimental animal models, or previous clinical experience in treating similar viruses such as SARS-CoV-1 or other retroviral infections. The running of any clinical trial during a pandemic is affected at multiple levels. Reasons for this include patient hesitancy or inability to continue investigative treatments due to self-isolation/quarantine, or limited access to public places (including hospitals). Additional barriers relate to health care professionals being committed to other critical tasks or quarantining themselves due to contact with COVID-19 positive patients. The best research approaches are those that adapt to such external unplanned obstacles. Ongoing clinical trials before COVID-19 pandemic have the potential for identifying important therapies in the long-term if they can be completed as planned. However, these clinical trials may require modifications due a pandemic such as this one to ensure the rights, safety, and wellbeing of participants as well as medical staff involved in the conduction of clinical trials. Clinical trials initiated during the pandemic must be time-efficient and flexible due to high contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the significant number of reported deaths, and time constraints needed to perform high quality clinical trials, enrolling adequate sample sizes. Collaboration between different countries as well as implementation of innovative clinical trial designs are essential to successfully complete such initiatives during the current pandemic. Studies looking at the long term sequalae of COVID-19 are also of importance as recent publications describe multi-organ involvement. Long term follow-up of COVID-19 survivors is thus also important to identify possible physical and mental health sequellae. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874970/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3156 id: cord-320267-n21jryi2 author: AlShoaibi, Naeem A. title: Saudi Heart Rhythm Society Task Force on Management of Potential Arrhythmogenicity Associated with Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 words: 3487.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320267-n21jryi2.txt summary: For this reason, we decided to establish national guidelines on early recognition and management of the potential arrhythmogenic risks of some pharmacological therapy used in treatment of Evidence of cardiovascular complications associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to evolve. As the current pandemic continues and these drugs are prescribed "off-label" as treatment or as prophylaxis, correct QTc (heart rate-corrected QT interval) interpretation becomes a fundamental clinical skill for all physi-cians involved in the care of these patients. The management of drug-induced long QT syndrome focuses on the identification of patients at risk of developing long QT, the monitoring QT duration during treatment, the early recognition of QT prolongation, and the correction of reversible causes and treatment of life-threatening arrhythmia, namely TdP. Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin abstract: Evidence of cardiovascular complications associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to evolve. These include direct and indirect myocardial injury with subsequent acute myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmia. Some results from a limited number of trials of antiviral medications, along with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, have been beneficial. However, these pharmacotherapies may cause drug-induced QT prolongation leading to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Mitigation of the potential risk in these susceptible patients may prove exceptionally challenging. The Saudi Heart Rhythm Society established a task force to perform a review of this subject based on has recently published reports, and studies and recommendations from major medical organizations. The objective of this review is to identify high-risk patients, and to set clear guidelines for management of patients receiving these pharmacotherapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954790/ doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2020.365 id: cord-313976-q5j5kr1v author: Alaarag, Ahmed title: Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with STEMI and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19: an experience of Tanta University Hospital date: 2020-10-06 words: 3007.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313976-q5j5kr1v.txt summary: So we aimed to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). RESULTS: Our retrospective study showed that STEMI patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory markers with mean of their CRP (89.69 ± 30.42 mg/dl) and increased laboratory parameters of thrombosis with mean D-dimer (660.15 ± 360.11 ng/ml). In 69.2% of patients, STEMI was the first clinical presentation and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 developed during the hospital stay; about one third of patients had a non-obstructive CAD, while patients with total occlusion had a high thrombus burden. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A non-obstructive CAD was found in about one third of patients; on the other hand, patients who had a total occlusion FMC first medical contact, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, N/A not applicable of their culprit artery, the thrombus burden was high. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with established cardiovascular diseases have a poor prognosis when affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Also, the cardiovascular system, especially the heart, is affected by COVID-19. So we aimed to evaluate the angiographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients presented by ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). RESULTS: Our retrospective study showed that STEMI patients with COVID-19 had elevated inflammatory markers with mean of their CRP (89.69 ± 30.42 mg/dl) and increased laboratory parameters of thrombosis with mean D-dimer (660.15 ± 360.11 ng/ml). In 69.2% of patients, STEMI was the first clinical presentation and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 developed during the hospital stay; about one third of patients had a non-obstructive CAD, while patients with total occlusion had a high thrombus burden. CONCLUSION: STEMI may be the initial presentation of COVID-19. A non-obstructive CAD was found in about one third of patients; on the other hand, in patients who had a total occlusion of their culprit artery, the thrombus burden was high. Identification of the underlying mechanism responsible for the high thrombus burden in these patients is important as it may result in changes in their primary management strategy, either primary PCI, fibrinolytic therapy, or a pharmaco-invasive strategy. Furthermore, adjunctive anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy may need to be revised. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-020-00103-y doi: 10.1186/s43044-020-00103-y id: cord-272195-c4xypzdx author: Alahmad, Barrak title: COVID-19 stressors on migrant workers in Kuwait: cumulative risk considerations date: 2020-07-08 words: 3281.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272195-c4xypzdx.txt summary: Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. 1 In many countries, migrant workers are recognised as one of the most vulnerable subpopulations, as they: (1) often are excluded from protections provided by public policies; (2) frequently take precarious jobs with less pay and longer hours; (3) often work in unsafe working conditions with little occupational safety and health (OSH) training; and (4) grapple with major cultural and language barriers. 5 6 This work investigates the multiple stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on migrant workers by applying a holistic CRA framework, using Kuwait as an example. Migrant workers who are in non-essential businesses that remain closed could Figure 1 A cumulative risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety with four overlapping domains described by Fox et al. abstract: As a marginalised subpopulation, migrant workers often fall short from protection by public policies, they take precarious jobs with unsafe working and living conditions and they grapple with cultural and linguistic barriers. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers are now exposed to additional stressors of the virus and related responses. We applied a comprehensive qualitative cumulative risk assessment framework for migrant workers living in Kuwait. This pandemic could be one of the few examples where the stressors overlap all domains of migrant workers’ lives. No single intervention can solve all the problems; there must be a set of interventions to address all domains. Local authorities and employers must act quickly to stop the spread, ensure easy access to testing and treatment, provide adequate housing and clear communication, encourage wide social support, safeguard financial protection and mental well-being and continuously re-evaluate the situation as more data are collected. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002995 id: cord-295391-e5it7nxl author: Alahmadi, Adel Salah title: Residents'' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey date: 2020-11-03 words: 3266.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295391-e5it7nxl.txt summary: title: Residents'' Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Ophthalmology Training Programs-A Survey PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents'' clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. 6, 7 In addition to disruption in clinical and surgical teaching, didactic teaching programs such as grand rounds and lectures were administered through virtual platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco WebEx. We believed that ophthalmology residents had experienced remarkable limitations in their clinical training and surgical exposure due to these dramatic changes. The current cross-sectional study aimed to explore COVID-19 related experiences and perceptions of ophthalmology residents in various Saudi programs. We believe that COVID-19 had significantly impacted trainees'' mental health currently enrolled in the Saudi ophthalmology residency programs. abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on ophthalmology residency training in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its effects on clinical education, training, and the mental well-being of the trainees. METHODS: An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed among residents in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs between July 7 and 14, 2020. In this study, we explored residents’ opinions regarding training disruption and virtual education. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on their mental health. We used descriptive statistics for data analysis. RESULTS: Out of 183 registered ophthalmology residents, 142 participated in this study. Ninety-six participants (35.4%) were rotated at a specialized eye hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 52 (19.2%) had rotations in the ophthalmology department at general hospitals. Those who rotated in both types of hospitals were 123 (45.4%). According to the participants, there was a significant decline in exposure to surgical and office-based procedures compared to emergency eye consultations (Friedman P <0.001). The COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on mental health was reported by 100 (70.5%) participants. Eighty-five (55.4%) respondents were satisfied with the virtual method of education. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted residents’ clinical and surgical training in the Saudi ophthalmology training programs. Additionally, we believe that COVID-19 may have a negative impact on trainees’ mental health. Fortunately, the current pandemic provided an innovative education method that will likely be used even after the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173273/ doi: 10.2147/opth.s283073 id: cord-265119-j4u4fbba author: Alakwaa, Fadhl M. title: Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-04-14 words: 970.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265119-j4u4fbba.txt summary: title: Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. Next, I used the Connectivity Map Linked User Environment (CLUE) platform, which connects to the LINCS database of small-molecule perturbations on gene expression, to identify drugs and compounds that can reverse these upregulated genes (3) . Sixteen out of 17 (93%) drugs belonging to the class of topoisomerase inhibitors have negative scores (S3). I also call for such approaches on COVD-19 targets other than ACE2 to nominate additional candidates for in vitro and in vivo testing, which could accelerate drug discovery for COVID-19. abstract: As of today (7 April 2020), more than 81,000 people around the world have died from the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is no approved drug or vaccine for COVID-19, although more than 10 clinical trials have been launched to test potential drugs. In an urgent response to this pandemic, I developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify compounds and drug candidates to potentially treat COVID-19. This pipeline is based on publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and the drug perturbation database “Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures” (LINCS). I developed a ranking score system that prioritizes these drugs or small molecules. The four drugs with the highest total score are didanosine, benzyl-quinazolin-4-yl-amine, camptothecin, and RO-90-7501. In conclusion, I have demonstrated the utility of bioinformatics for identifying drugs than can be repurposed for potentially treating COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291351/ doi: 10.1128/msystems.00297-20 id: cord-267300-zbipv9er author: Alalwan, Adel A title: A Hemodialysis Patient with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 words: 2350.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267300-zbipv9er.txt summary: Even though end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. Even though ESRD patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. We report a case of an ESRD patient on regular hemodialysis with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This report describes the clinical presentation of this disease in a hemodialysis patient, the diagnostic process, the laboratory and imaging investigations, as well as the course of treatment. reported five cases of COVID-19 disease in hemodialysis patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Lopinavir-ritonavir and Ribavirin have been used successfully as monotherapies in the treatment of mild COVID-19 pneumonia in hemodialysis patients [8, 10] . COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: a report of 5 cases abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that has spread rapidly, resulting in a worldwide pandemic. Even though end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and can develop severe to critical disease, there are limited studies and case reports about COVID-19 in ESRD patients. We report a case of a 63-year-old gentleman with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. We describe the clinical presentation of this patient, the diagnostic process, the laboratory and imaging investigations, as well as the course of treatment. He positively responded to a 14-day course of Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32391234/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.7995 id: cord-192653-6cv7qlcu author: Alam, Firoj title: Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic in Social Media: A Holistic Perspective and a Call to Arms date: 2020-07-15 words: 3787.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-192653-6cv7qlcu.txt summary: A number of initiatives were launched to fight this infodemic, primarily in social media, with focus on building large collections of tweets and then analyzing their content, source, propagators, and spread (Leng et al., 2020; Medford et al., 2020; Miller, 2020; Mourad et al., 2020; Shahi et al., 2020; Vidgen et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020) . We organize the annotations with seven questions, asking whether a tweet (1) contains a verifiable factual claim, (2) is likely to contain false information, (3) is of interest to the general public, (4) is potentially harmful to a person, a company, a product, or society, (5) requires verification by a fact-checker, (6) poses a specific kind of harm to society, and (7) requires the attention of a government entity. abstract: With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, people turned to social media to read and to share timely information including statistics, warnings, advice, and inspirational stories. Unfortunately, alongside all this useful information, there was also a new blending of medical and political misinformation and disinformation, which gave rise to the first global infodemic. While fighting this infodemic is typically thought of in terms of factuality, the problem is much broader as malicious content includes not only fake news, rumors, and conspiracy theories, but also promotion of fake cures, panic, racism, xenophobia, and mistrust in the authorities, among others. This is a complex problem that needs a holistic approach combining the perspectives of journalists, fact-checkers, policymakers, government entities, social media platforms, and society as a whole. Taking them into account we define an annotation schema and detailed annotation instructions, which reflect these perspectives. We performed initial annotations using this schema, and our initial experiments demonstrated sizable improvements over the baselines. Now, we issue a call to arms to the research community and beyond to join the fight by supporting our crowdsourcing annotation efforts. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07996v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-324619-y7gilopu author: Alam, S.B. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 may be an underappreciated pathogen of the central nervous system date: 2020-07-15 words: 5244.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324619-y7gilopu.txt summary: In this review, we examine some of the most recent data of COVID-19-associated neurological disease and the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may be infecting the CNS. suggested that since SARS-CoV-2 shared significant similarities to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it was entirely possible that SARS-CoV-2 could similarly penetrate the brain and CNS of infected patients through synapses in the medullary cardiorespiratory center and thereby cause respiratory failure (5) . Similar to these neurotropic HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of some COVID-19 patients may also lead to entry into the CNS and this could occur via two main pathways: i) infection of peripheral nerves and retrograde axonal transport; and/or ii) hematogenous spread and infection of the cells of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we have extrapolated information from other neurotropic viruses to make some predictions and it is clear that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to infect the CNS and cause long-term neurologic damage in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease referred to as COVID‐19. However, emerging evidence indicates that a small, but a growing number of COVID‐19 patients also manifest neurological symptoms, suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 may infect the nervous system under some circumstances. SARS‐CoV‐2 primarily enters the body through the epithelial lining of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but under certain conditions this pleiotropic virus may also infect peripheral nerves and gain entry into the central nervous system (CNS). The brain is shielded by various anatomical and physiological barriers, most notably the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) which functions to prevent harmful substances, including pathogens and pro‐inflammatory mediators, from entering the brain. The BBB is composed of highly specialized endothelial cells, pericytes, mast cells and astrocytes that form the neurovascular unit, which regulates BBB permeability and maintains the integrity of the CNS. In this review, we briefly discuss potential routes of viral entry and the possible mechanisms utilized by SARS‐CoV‐2 to penetrate the CNS, either by disrupting the BBB or infecting the peripheral nerves and using the neuronal network to initiate neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we speculate on the long‐term effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the brain and in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases known to be associated with other human coronaviruses. Although the mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into the CNS and neurovirulence are currently unknown, the potential pathways described here might pave the way for future research in this area and enable the development of better therapeutic strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14442 doi: 10.1111/ene.14442 id: cord-332108-6riu44fw author: Alanezi, Fahad title: Implications of Public Understanding of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for Fostering Effective Communication Through Awareness Framework date: 2020-09-18 words: 4136.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332108-6riu44fw.txt summary: Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60–80%). It included various sections, including questions related to general awareness of COVID-19 (four items), its symptoms (six items), transmission (three items), preventive care (10 items), treatment options (two items), myths (eight items), types of information (15 items), communication/promotional channels (nine items), and sources of information (five items). Firstly, this study contributes to the literature by providing the relationship between awareness and self-care practices adopted by the public considering the COVID-19 outbreak, reflecting the people''s attitudes toward the pandemic and preventive measures. abstract: Background: Participation of the public is an important and most effective approach for controlling the spread of novel coronavirus. However, considering its novel nature, it is important to create awareness among the public to be able to take timely preventive measures. On the contrary, misinformation and myths from online communities result in severe damages in mitigation of this novel disease. Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: An online questionnaire-based survey was used for collecting data related to five major aspects related to COVID-19 and awareness creation process. The survey was accessed by 1,881 people, out of whom 741 people participated in the survey. However, 150 dropouts left the survey in between, as a result of which a final sample of 591 was achieved, indicating the response rate of 39.3% and a completion rate of 79.76%. Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60–80%). However, reliance on a few myths and violation of certain preventive measures were identified with majority of the participants (more than 60%). The Ministry of Health was identified to be the most reliable source of information followed by family and friends. Moreover, 15 types of information were identified to be highly relevant and important, which need to be effectively disseminated among the public through effective communication channels. Conclusions: Lack of awareness can result in serious outcomes in relation to COVID-19. Effective awareness campaigns including relevant information from reliable sources can improve the knowledge of people, and they must be effective in developing positive attitudes among the public toward adopting preventive measures. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00494 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00494 id: cord-333350-e6zak5ad author: Albahli, Saleh title: Efficient GAN-based Chest Radiographs (CXR) augmentation to diagnose coronavirus disease pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 words: 3710.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333350-e6zak5ad.txt summary: Method: There are many potentially impactful applications of Deep Learning to fighting the Covid-19 from Chest X-Ray/CT Images, however, most are still in their early stages due to lack of data sharing as it continues to inhibit overall progress in a variety of medical research problems. Results: A Deep Neural Network model provides a significant contribution in terms of detecting COVID-19 and provides effective analysis of chest related diseases with respect to age and gender. The Covid-19 and other respiratory diseases have seen a great progress due to image processing tools and researchers are using computer techniques and deep learning algorithms in order to achieve these breakthroughs [2] [3] [4] . Although the images of remaining classes are not enough for proper training, however the author has resolved the problem by exploiting synthetic dataset generated by state-of-the-art GAN model, the details can be seen in Section 3. abstract: Background: As 2019 ends coronavirus disease start expanding all over the world. It is highly transmissible disease that can affect respiratory tract and can leads to organ failure. In 2020 it is declared by world health organization as “Public health emergency of international concerns”. The current situation of Covid-19 and chest related diseases have already gone through radical change with the advancements of image processing tools. There is no effective method which can accurately identify all chest related diseases and tackle the multiple class problems with reliable results. Method: There are many potentially impactful applications of Deep Learning to fighting the Covid-19 from Chest X-Ray/CT Images, however, most are still in their early stages due to lack of data sharing as it continues to inhibit overall progress in a variety of medical research problems. Based on COVID-19 radiographical changes in CT images, this work aims to detect the possibility of COVID-19 in the patient. This work provides a significant contribution in terms of Gan based synthetic data and four different types of deep learning- based models which provided state of the art comparable results. Results: A Deep Neural Network model provides a significant contribution in terms of detecting COVID-19 and provides effective analysis of chest related diseases with respect to age and gender. Our model achieves 89% accuracy in terms of Gan based synthetic data and four different types of deep learning- based models which provided state of the art comparable results. Conclusion: If the gap in identifying of all viral pneumonias is not filled with effective automation of chest disease detection the healthcare industry may have to bear unfavorable circumstances. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.46684 doi: 10.7150/ijms.46684 id: cord-291612-j7xz1qaz author: Albahri, O.S. title: Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects date: 2020-07-01 words: 10219.0 sentences: 557.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291612-j7xz1qaz.txt summary: authors: Albahri, O.S.; Zaidan, A.A.; Albahri, A.S.; Zaidan, B.B.; Abdulkareem, K.H.; Al-qaysi, Z.T.; Alamoodi, A.H.; Aleesa, A.M.; Chyad, M.A.; Alesa, R.M.; Kim, L.C.; Lakulu, M.M.; Ibrahim, A.B.; Rashid, N.A. title: Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Detection and Classification of COVID-19 Medical Images in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking: Taxonomy Analysis, Challenges, Future Solutions and Methodological Aspects Therefore, the present study aims to (i) shed light and systematically review the research efforts of emerging and new technologies of COVID-19 medical image detection based on AI approach; (ii) map related studies into coherent taxonomy and highlight the AI techniques, datasets, case studies and AI classification types used; (iii) highlight and analyse different aspects such as research gabs and future challenges with respect to evaluation and benchmarking; and (iv) propose a potential pathway solution with detailed methodology to tackle the identified research gabs and future challenges of evaluation and benchmarking of AI classification techniques used in COVID-19 medical image detection. abstract: This study presents a systematic review of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in the detection and classification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) medical images in terms of evaluation and benchmarking. Five reliable databases, namely, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were used to obtain relevant studies of the given topic. Several filtering and scanning stages were performed according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria to screen the 36 studies obtained; however, only 11 studies met the criteria. Taxonomy was performed, and the 11 studies were classified on the basis of two categories, namely, review and research studies. Then, a deep analysis and critical review were performed to highlight the challenges and critical gaps outlined in the academic literature of the given subject. Results showed that no relevant study evaluated and benchmarked AI techniques utilised in classification tasks (i.e. binary, multi-class, multi-labelled and hierarchical classifications) of COVID-19 medical images. In case evaluation and benchmarking will be conducted, three future challenges will be encountered, namely, multiple evaluation criteria within each classification task, trade-off amongst criteria and importance of these criteria. According to the discussed future challenges, the process of evaluation and benchmarking AI techniques used in the classification of COVID-19 medical images considered multi-complex attribute problems. Thus, adopting multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is an essential and effective approach to tackle the problem complexity. Moreover, this study proposes a detailed methodology for the evaluation and benchmarking of AI techniques used in all classification tasks of COVID-19 medical images as future directions; such methodology is presented on the basis of three sequential phases. Firstly, the identification procedure for the construction of four decision matrices, namely, binary, multi-class, multi-labelled and hierarchical, is presented on the basis of the intersection of evaluation criteria of each classification task and AI classification techniques. Secondly, the development of the MCDA approach for benchmarking AI classification techniques is provided on the basis of the integrated analytic hierarchy process and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje methods. Lastly, objective and subjective validation procedures are described to validate the proposed benchmarking solutions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646771/ doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.028 id: cord-339956-o5o2yz1u author: Albahri, O.S. title: Helping Doctors Hasten COVID-19 Treatment: Towards a Rescue Framework for the Transfusion of Best Convalescent Plasma to the Most Critical Patients based on Biological Requirements via ML and Novel MCDM Methods date: 2020-06-20 words: 8694.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339956-o5o2yz1u.txt summary: Furthermore, the selection of the best CP to the most critical patients with COVID-19 is challenging because the requirements in the second stage should be followed whilst considering blood types; this process is considered a problem of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), which complies with national health requirements and known standard routine procedures [35] . In this context, decision-making methods are essential to overcome the abovementioned challenges by prioritising infected patients with COVID-19 and CPs. MCDM is an extension of decision theory covering any multi-objective decision and can solve this problem by constructing a decision matrix based on an intersection between the evaluation criteria used and patients with COVID-19 and/or a list of tested CPs. In general, the main target of MCDM is to rank/prioritise a set of alternatives on the basis of different evaluation criteria [63, [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] . abstract: CONTEXT: People who have recently recovered from the threat of deteriorating coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have antibodies to the coronavirus circulating in their blood. Thus, the transfusion of these antibodies to deteriorating patients could theoretically help boost their immune system. Biologically, two challenges need to be surmounted to allow convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion to rescue the most severe COVID-19 patients. First, convalescent subjects must meet donor selection plasma criteria and comply with national health requirements and known standard routine procedures. Second, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems should be considered in the selection of the most suitable CP and the prioritisation of patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a rescue framework for the transfusion of the best CP to the most critical patients with COVID-19 on the basis of biological requirements by using machine learning and novel MCDM methods. METHOD: The proposed framework is illustrated on the basis of two distinct and consecutive phases (i.e. testing and development). In testing, ABO compatibility is assessed after classifying donors into the four blood types, namely, A, B, AB and O, to indicate the suitability and safety of plasma for administration in order to refine the CP tested list repository. The development phase includes patient and donor sides. In the patient side, prioritisation is performed using a contracted patient decision matrix constructed between ‘serological/protein biomarkers and the ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood to fractional inspired oxygen criteria’ and ‘patient list based on novel MCDM method known as subjective and objective decision by opinion score method’. Then, the patients with the most urgent need are classified into the four blood types and matched with a tested CP list from the test phase in the donor side. Thereafter, the prioritisation of CP tested list is performed using the contracted CP decision matrix. RESULT: An intelligence-integrated concept is proposed to identify the most appropriate CP for corresponding prioritised patients with COVID-19 to help doctors hasten treatments. DISCUSSION: The proposed framework implies the benefits of providing effective care and prevention of the extremely rapidly spreading COVID-19 from affecting patients and the medical sector. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32593060/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105617 id: cord-304983-u2yag4gf author: Albani, Filippo title: Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin is associated with a lower death rate in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cohort study date: 2020-10-05 words: 3847.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304983-u2yag4gf.txt summary: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin on hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). INTERPRETATION: This study shows that treatment with enoxaparin during hospital stay is associated with a lower death rate and, while results from randomized clinical trials are still pending, this study supports the use of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in all patients admitted for COVID-19. In light of this study, and the reported increased risk of thrombotic events in COVID-19, all patients admitted to the hospital should receive prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Two post-hoc analysis were conducted: 1) patients in the enoxaparin cohort were divided according to the daily dose of received enoxaparin (prophylactic 40 mg a day or therapeutic > 40 mg a day), association with hospital mortality was evaluated by estimating OR with the same method as previously reported. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with hypercoagulability caused by direct invasion of endothelial cells andor proinflammatory cytokine release. Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin is recommended by current guidelines, but evidence is still weak. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin on hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effects of enoxaparin on intensive care admission and hospital length-of-stay were evaluated as secondary outcomes. METHODS: Observational cohort study, with data collected from patients admitted to Poliambulanza Foundation with positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 from 20th February to 10th May 2020. Multivariate logistic regression with overlap weight propensity score was used to model hospital mortality and intensive care admission, hospital length-of-stay was analyzed with a multivariate Poisson regression. Seven hundred and ninety nine (57%) patients who received enoxaparin at least once during the hospitalization were included in the enoxaparin cohort, 604 (43%) patients who did not were included in the control cohort. FINDINGS: At the adjusted analysis enoxaparin was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio 0·53, 95% C.I. 0·40–0·70) compared with no enoxaparin treatment. Hospital length-of-stay was longer for patients treated with enoxaparin (Incidence Rate Ratios 1·45, 95% C.I. 1·36–1·54). Enoxaparin treatment was associated with reduced risk of intensive care admission at the adjusted analysis (Odds Ratio 0·48, 95% C.I. 0·32–0·69). INTERPRETATION: This study shows that treatment with enoxaparin during hospital stay is associated with a lower death rate and, while results from randomized clinical trials are still pending, this study supports the use of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in all patients admitted for COVID-19. Moreover, when enoxaparin is used on the wards, it reduces the risk of Intensive Care Unit admission. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100562 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100562 id: cord-278839-uu2wlpmp author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title: Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 7237.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278839-uu2wlpmp.txt summary: In 2009, during the H1N1 flu pandemic, an increased ratio of female to male cases was verified, in which pregnant women developed more complications, as severe acute respiratory syndrome, and higher mortality compared to the general population (30, 31) . Additionally, infection by the Lassa virus in pregnant women shows high levels of placental replication, and the risk of maternal-fetal mortality increases with the duration of pregnancy (38, 39) . At first, contagion occurred through contact with some infected animals but, soon there were the first reports of human-to-human transmission (93), The virus was identified as belonging to the coronaviridae family and was designated SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) (94). Chen and collaborators, verified alteration in calcium and albumin levels in the blood of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection (124) , which could potentially increase the severity in COVID-19 (125) . abstract: Pregnancy comprises a unique immunological condition, to allow fetal development and to protect the host from pathogenic infections. Viral infections during pregnancy can disrupt immunological tolerance and may generate deleterious effects on the fetus. Despite these possible links between pregnancy and infection-induced morbidity, it is unclear how pregnancy interferes with maternal response to some viral pathogens. In this context, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can induce the coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women. The potential risk of vertical transmission is unclear, babies born from COVID-19-positive mothers seems to have no serious clinical symptoms, the possible mechanisms are discussed, which highlights that checking the children's outcome and more research is warranted. In this review, we investigate the reports concerning viral infections and COVID-19 during pregnancy, to establish a correlation and possible implications of COVID-19 during pregnancy and neonatal's health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733490/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01672 id: cord-321568-okvt1fg3 author: Alberca, Ricardo Wesley title: Perspective: The Potential Effects of Naringenin in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 4111.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321568-okvt1fg3.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Among many compounds, naringenin (NAR) a flavonoid present in citrus fruits has been investigated for antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties like reducing viral replication and cytokine production. In this perspective, we summarize NAR potential anti-inflammatory role in COVID-19 associated risk factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Naringenin (NAR) is an important natural flavonoid present in citrus fruits, like grapefruit (43.5 mg/100 mL) and oranges (2.13 mg/100 mL) (19), with a high analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and anti-viral effect (20-23) (Figure 1) . Further investigations and clinical trials are needed to help understand the role of NAR consumption in humans during a viral infection, especially in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Severe COVID-19 cases develop severe acute respiratory syndrome, which can result in multiple organ failure, sepsis, and death. The higher risk group includes the elderly and subjects with pre-existing chronic illnesses such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. To date, no specific treatment or vaccine is available for COVID-19. Among many compounds, naringenin (NAR) a flavonoid present in citrus fruits has been investigated for antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties like reducing viral replication and cytokine production. In this perspective, we summarize NAR potential anti-inflammatory role in COVID-19 associated risk factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101291/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570919 id: cord-332828-a4ck2ddp author: Alboaneen, Dabiah title: Predicting the Epidemiological Outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-06-25 words: 2888.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332828-a4ck2ddp.txt summary: We used two models: the Logistic Growth and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered for real-time forecasting the confirmed cases of COVID-19 across Saudi Arabia. This article aims to give a local prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia by using the real-time data from 2 March 2020 to 15 May 2020. In [18] , a mathematical model was developed to predict the effects of implementing government restrictions to contain COVID-19 epidemic on the number of infection cases in China. We present predictions for reported cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia from 2 March to 15 May 2020 using mathematical modeling and simulation. Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data Estimating the unreported number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in China in the first half of January 2020: A data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak abstract: The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak continues to spread rapidly across the world and has been declared as pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Saudi Arabia was among the countries that was affected by the deadly and contagious virus. Using a real-time data from 2 March 2020 to 15 May 2020 collected from Saudi Ministry of Health, we aimed to give a local prediction of the epidemic in Saudi Arabia. We used two models: the Logistic Growth and the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered for real-time forecasting the confirmed cases of COVID-19 across Saudi Arabia. Our models predicted that the epidemics of COVID-19 will have total cases of 69,000 to 79,000 cases. The simulations also predicted that the outbreak will entering the final-phase by end of June 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32630363/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124568 id: cord-353019-7wj0eu1f author: Alcadipani, Rafael title: Pandemic and Macho Organizations: Wakeup Call or Business as Usual? date: 2020-05-13 words: 7183.0 sentences: 458.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353019-7wj0eu1f.txt summary: The cult of masculinity is performed, for example, in police storytelling within the organization making a natural feature the use of violence and force when facing "bad-guys" (Dick, 2005) and also the need to prove their masculinity in daily work (Wilson, 1968) . If machismo and masculinity are cornerstones of police occupational culture, how will these elements play out in the extreme context of pandemic times when police officers need to be deployed to the front line? When I was going to the lecture theatre, a police detective who works at the Academy approached me and said, "Professor, there are some students concerned about attending your talk due to COVID-19. Under their macho police culture facing danger, making displays of hegemonic masculinity such as avoiding showing fear, was their reaction towards the virus threat. Either the pandemic situation seems to be putting police macho masculinity in danger (for the good), or at least it shows how problematic it can be for organizations. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges for our generation. The global spread of the virus is affecting societies’ gender dynamics in general and in organizations in particular. Based on ethnographic research being carried out in a police organization in Brazil, this piece discusses how COVID‐19 is impacting hegemonic masculinity in organizations. Police organizations are prototypical hegemonic masculinity organizations. I argue that the COVID‐19 pandemic at first encourages the performance of the police typical macho masculinity, but as the disease progresses, it creates a situation that challenges it. I explore that even though the pandemic threatens macho masculinity in organizations, it is still unclear if an alternative gender dynamic will emerge from this crisis in macho organizations. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12466 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12466 id: cord-310304-f28tjmi8 author: Alcendor, Donald J. title: Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US date: 2020-07-30 words: 7719.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310304-f28tjmi8.txt summary: Maintaining glycemic control in COVID-19 patients is essential, as hyperglycemia could affect pulmonary function, the immune response to infection, and the development of the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm associated with more severe clinical disease ( Figure 1 ). Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients who clinically present with normal or high blood pressure may be subject to undue complications related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 the ACE2 protein serves as the entry receptor for the virus and is internalized in the endosome with SARS-CoV-2 during membrane fusion and uptake by Hypothetical model of uncontrolled blood pressure in patients with hypertension and increased risk for complications due to COVID-19. Longstanding health disparities such as diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and pulmonary disease among minority populations in the US may serve to predispose these communities to SARS-CoV-2 infection and increased risk for clinically severe COVID-19. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus that causes the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly transmissible and pathogenic for humans and may cause life-threatening disease and mortality, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. First identified in an outbreak in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 is affecting more than 185 countries and territories around the world, with more than 15,754,651 confirmed cases and more than 640,029 deaths. Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a global threat, which includes confirmed cases in all 50 states within the United States (US). As of 25 July 2020, the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering Center for Systems Science and Engineering reports more than 4,112,651 cases and 145,546 deaths. To date, health disparities are associated with COVID-19 mortality among underserved populations. Here, the author explores potential underlying reasons for reported disproportionate, increased risks of mortality among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos with COVID-19 compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The author examines the underlying clinical implications that may predispose minority populations and the adverse clinical outcomes that may contribute to increased risk of mortality. Government and community-based strategies to safeguard minority populations at risk for increased morbidity and mortality are essential. Underserved populations living in poverty with limited access to social services across the US are more likely to have underlying medical conditions and are among the most vulnerable. Societal and cultural barriers for ethnic minorities to achieve health equity are systemic issues that may be addressed only through shifts in governmental policies, producing long-overdue, substantive changes to end health care inequities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751633/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9082442 id: cord-291829-lyg6i2wv author: Alcázar-Navarrete, Bernardino title: Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() date: 2020-09-06 words: 599.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291829-lyg6i2wv.txt summary: title: Management and follow up of respiratory patients in the post-Covid-19 era: Are we ready yet?() 3 This clinical-radiological-histopathological picture might suggest that more severe patients who overcome the infection will present residual lesions with fibrosis and destructuring of the pulmonary parenchyma. In the post-Covid-19 era (Fig. 1 ), we will have to reorganize our approach to respiratory disease outpatient care and how we assess which patients require lung function testing, imaging techniques or invasive techniques that need to be performed in a health center, which patients can be monitored by video consultation or telephone call, and which need to be seen at home by primary care personnel. Others, such as pulse oximeters using smartphone flashes or built-in smartphone spirometers that do not require additional components, will need to be developed quickly so we can be prepared for the follow-up of patients with respiratory disease in the post-Covid-19 era. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1579212920302123 doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.08.005 id: cord-289921-2x6011gr author: Aldarhami, Abdu title: Public Perceptions and Commitment to Social Distancing “Staying-at-Home” During COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-09-22 words: 4090.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289921-2x6011gr.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Social distancing measures, such as stay-at-home, are currently implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the awareness and practices of the Saudi population in relation to social distancing (stay-at-home). A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to evaluate the overall awareness and adherence of the Saudi population to social distancing to control the spread of COVID-19. 7 Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the knowledge and practices of the population in KSA in relation to staying at home as a preventive measure for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses indicated a high level of awareness among the Saudi population, with the majority of the participants (94%) expressing the view that everyone should practice social distancing. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social distancing measures, such as stay-at-home, are currently implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the awareness and adherence of the Saudi population to these measures. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire was designed with 16 questions (eight questions related to demographics, three related to the awareness of social distancing (stay-at-home) and five related to the overall practice of social distancing). RESULTS: A total of 5105 participants completed the survey [58.4% females, 66.3% young individuals (aged 18–37 years), 55.8% bachelor degree holders and 51.0% from the western region]. The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) was the main source of information about COVID-19 for most of the participants (78.2%). High awareness (81.3%) regarding stay-at-home was observed, associated mainly with female participants, those from the middle region and those with a high education and income. The overall implementation of social distancing was satisfactory (score 3.13/5), with 37.8% never leaving home during the stay-at-home period. Better adherence to social distancing was observed among female participants, higher degree holders and those aged over 38 years. CONCLUSION: Organised plans by the Saudi MOH have been effective in raising awareness and improving the practice of social distancing among public. However, the observed lower practice of social distancing by individuals with a lower education and income indicates the need for targeted interventions to achieve better outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061535/ doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s269716 id: cord-320980-srpgcy4b author: Aldila, Dipo title: A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia date: 2020-06-28 words: 6948.0 sentences: 604.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320980-srpgcy4b.txt summary: title: A mathematical study on the spread of COVID-19 considering social distancing and rapid assessment : The case of Jakarta, Indonesia The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rapid testing and social distancing in controlling the spread of COVID-19, particularly in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. The objective of our study is to analyze the effect of rapid testing and self-monitored isolation, and to predict the long-term dynamics of the incidence data of Jakarta, Indonesia. 265 Figure 10 : long-time simulation for prediction of incidence of COVID-19 in Jakarta with easing the social distancing policy combined with more massive rapid test and hospitalization. The model considers many important factors, such as hidden cases, rapid testing to trace hidden cases, limitation of medical resources, social distancing, quarantine/isolation, and parameter estimation for the incidence date from the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of rapid testing and social distancing in controlling the spread of COVID-19, particularly in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. We formulate a modified susceptible exposed infectious recovered compartmental model considering asymptomatic individuals. Rapid testing is intended to trace the existence of asymptomatic infected individuals among the population. This asymptomatic class is categorized into two subclasses: detected and undetected asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, the model considers the limitations of medical resources to treat an infected individual in a hospital. The model shows two types of equilibrium point: COVID-19 free and COVID-19 endemic. The COVID-19-free equilibrium point is locally and asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is less than unity. In contrast, COVID-19-endemic equilibrium always exists when [Formula: see text]. The model can also show a backward bifurcation at [Formula: see text] whenever the treatment saturation parameter, which describes the hospital capacity, is larger than a specific threshold. To justify the model parameters, we use the incidence data from the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. The data pertain to infected individuals who self-isolate in their homes and visit the hospital for further treatment. Our numerical experiments indicate that strict social distancing has the potential to succeed in reducing and delaying the time of an outbreak. However, if the strict social distancing policy is relaxed, a massive rapid-test intervention should be conducted to avoid a large-scale outbreak in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834600/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110042 id: cord-257889-zcxn5cx0 author: Aledo‐Serrano, Ángel title: Genetic epilepsies and COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons from the caregiver perspective date: 2020-05-18 words: 1046.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257889-zcxn5cx0.txt summary: Caregivers reported a series of partly overlapping factors that could contribute to seizure or behavioral deterioration: (1) new onset symptoms of anxiety (68.6%) or depression (69.7%) in caregivers, (2) inability to reach their neurologist using telemedicine resources (62.8%), (3) living in homes without a terrace or yard (62.8%), (4) economic problems (62.4%), (5) loss of regular stimulation and physical therapies (51.8%), (6) avoidance of seeking medical advice for serious health issues in the emergency department due to fear of COVID-19 (20.6%), (7) cancelation of essential medical appointments (18.5%), and (8) difficulties finding their antiseizure medication (ASM) at a pharmacy (8.3%). In conclusion, although more research is needed and a cross-sectional design has obvious limitations, patients with DEEs and their caregivers face multiple challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic that might lead to worse seizure and psychological outcomes in this population. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420620/ doi: 10.1111/epi.16537 id: cord-306226-znj4gp87 author: Alemanno, Giovanni title: Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 words: 1295.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306226-znj4gp87.txt summary: According to the precautionary principle, every patient undergoing emergency surgery not already tested for COVID-19, must be considered as potentially infected, an issue that entails putting into practice of all precautions. This principle of safety for all healthcare professionals obviously translates into implementing all the provisions used in confirmed COVID-19 patients for surgical interventions that are not postponable and that require the immediate availability of the operating room (such as trauma, shock, bleeding, suicide attempts, peritonitis, etc). Patients with a negative swab for COVID-19 who require surgery undertake the "clean" pathway with dedicated operating rooms and the possibility of hospitalization in the Covid-free surgical ward. If we consider also the apparent reduction/absence of polytrauma due to social distancing measures imposed by the government, a minor human contact in patient handover (even if digital platforms are provided) and the difficulties in the technical management of surgical COVID-19 patients in emergency settings, this pandemic era is further tempering the spirit of surgeons. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002961020302683 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.010 id: cord-329312-bvnky9yr author: Alemany-Arrebola, Inmaculada title: Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students date: 2020-10-09 words: 4870.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329312-bvnky9yr.txt summary: There is little research on the impact of the pandemic and its influence on levels of anxiety in university students, and even less related to expectations of academic self-efficacy. For this reason, the objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and trait anxiety (TA) and SA, during the first moments of COVID-19, since it was an exceptional situation to learn how university students responded to critical situations (related to SA). Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy. Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy. abstract: The worldwide pandemic situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a state of confinement of the population, which has caused, following consulted research, an increase in stress. Faced with this situation, the Spanish university not only had to adapt to the changes derived from the causes of the pandemic but also had to face a new methodological model—e-learning teaching—for which not all teachers and students were prepared. This could cause an increase in stress due to the uncertainty caused by this time of change. This research analyzes the relationship between perceived self-efficacy in the confinement period and the level of trait anxiety (TA) and state anxiety (SA) during COVID-19. Four hundred twenty-seven students from the University of Granada (Spain) participated in this study. The adaptation of two scales that measure perceived academic self-efficacy and anxiety (TA and SA) has been applied. The results indicated that there was an inversely proportional relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy; men showed the highest perception of self-efficacy, while women had higher scores in TA and SA; the latter was accentuated in cases when a relative died. To conclude, students who show a higher level of anxiety (TA and SA) express more negative emotions and also perceive themselves with less academic self-efficacy. Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154727/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570017 id: cord-351057-xrv3k1fo author: Alenazi, Thamer H. title: Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 words: 3969.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt summary: In a review of 14 studies of the psychological burden of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical hospital staff, significant stress and anxiety symptoms were reported by the surveyed staff [11] . Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and the main predictors for high anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed a large sample of HCWs working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated their level of anxiety during this time. Organizational factors that were related to increased anxiety levels were lack of regular communication and updates from the organization, insufficient and unsatisfactory quality of information about COVID-19, lack of access to COVID-19 testing for the staff, and lack of a crisis management plan; These findings are consistent with other studies looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs [16, 17] . abstract: BACKGROUND: During pandemics, healthcare workers (HCWs) may be prone to higher levels of anxiety than those of the general population. This study aimed to explore the anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predictors of increased anxiety levels. METHOD: HCW participants in this cross-section study were solicited by email from the database of registered practitioners of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties between 15 May and 18 May 2020. Sociodemographic characteristics, work-related factors, and organization-related factors were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand nine hundred and twenty HCWs (3.4%) responded. Reported levels of anxiety were low anxiety (31.5%; n = 1552), medium (36.1%; n = 1778), and high (32.3%; n = 1590). Participants reporting high anxiety levels were more likely to be unmarried (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52); nurses (OR = 1.54, 95% 1.24–1.91); workers in radiology (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.28); or respiratory therapists (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.14–4.54). Social factors associated with high anxiety levels were: living with a person who is elderly (p = 0.01), has a chronic disease (p < 0.0001), has immune deficiency (p < 0.0001), or has a respiratory disease (p-value <0.0001). Organization-related factors associated with a high level of anxiety were: working in an organization that hosts COVID-19 patients and working with such patients (p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported medium and high levels of anxiety were present in 68.5% of HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the urgent need to identify high-risk individuals to offer psychological support and provide up to date information on the pandemic. These data should help policymakers drive initiatives forward to protect and prepare HCWs psychological wellbeing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032969/ doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.001 id: cord-293749-5i3ei9pn author: Alene, Kefyalew Addis title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control: An Overview date: 2020-07-24 words: 3427.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293749-5i3ei9pn.txt summary: Throughout history, pandemics of viral infections such as HIV, Ebola and Influenza have disrupted health care systems, including the prevention and control of endemic diseases. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could cause severe dysfunction in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease that causes more deaths than any other, particularly in lowand middle-income countries where the burden of TB is high. The economic and health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the public health measures currently taken to stop the spread of the virus may have an impact on household TB transmission, treatment and diagnostic services, and TB prevention and control programs. Given the high levels of global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to consider the potential impact on the control and prevention of common endemic diseases that might be even more devastating to human health than COVID-19 itself. abstract: Throughout history, pandemics of viral infections such as HIV, Ebola and Influenza have disrupted health care systems, including the prevention and control of endemic diseases. Such disruption has resulted in an increased burden of endemic diseases in post-pandemic periods. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could cause severe dysfunction in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease that causes more deaths than any other, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the burden of TB is high. The economic and health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the public health measures currently taken to stop the spread of the virus may have an impact on household TB transmission, treatment and diagnostic services, and TB prevention and control programs. Here, we provide an overview of the potential impact of COVID-19 on TB programs and disease burden, as well as possible strategies that could help to mitigate the impact. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030123 doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030123 id: cord-311965-3x3tjzhi author: Alexander, Jan title: Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 5156.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311965-3x3tjzhi.txt summary: Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Clinical and subclinical micronutrient deficiencies common in older adults are known to contribute to decreased immune function and age-related diseases [11] , implying that nutritional management is essential to reduce the risk of severe infection [12] . In view of a lack of clinical data on preventive and/or therapeutic efficiency of the nutritive adequacy of selenium, zinc, and vitamin D in COVID-19, we, in the present narrative review, discussed recent clinical data on the role of these micronutrients in the protection against bronchopulmonary infections, as well as the existing indications of their impact on COVID-19. We did a literature search for the period 2010-2020 on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar with the keywords of SARS, SARS-CoV-2, COVID 19, coronavirus, micronutrients (zinc, selenium, vitamin D), immune system, inflammation, prevention, and treatment. abstract: Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010–2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082358 doi: 10.3390/nu12082358 id: cord-275110-safr9z37 author: Alexander, Paul Elias title: COVID-19 research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-04-21 words: 3337.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275110-safr9z37.txt summary: At this time, more than ever, the high-quality, robust, comparative evidence from ethical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is urgently needed to assess patient-important outcomes, including mortality, morbidity, need for life support, safety, and toxicity, informing on the safe use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (with and without azithromycin) in people with COVID-19. This issue of potential harmful effects and the urgent need for high-quality, methodologically robust studies also comes from a recent pre-publication (not yet peer-reviewed) of in vitro activity of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in combination with metformin (used in treatment of type 2 diabetes to lower blood sugar in humans) in mice (25) . The use of existing drug treatments such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine outside of current guidelines and recommendations may result in adverse effects, including serious illness and death, affect patients with other diseases who may benefit from its use, and hinder the ability to conduct clinical trials if there are high demands to sue these agents by clinicians and patients. abstract: What is new? KEY FINDINGS: Clinical decision-makers must be informed by the best, most trustworthy, highest-quality, robust evidence. This translates into how much confidence we can have in the research findings and thus be optimally informed for decision-making. The estimates of effect in clinical research depends on the underlying research methodology. COVID-19 disease is presenting global health systems, clinicians, and patients grave challenges. No treatment or prophylaxis currently exists for COVID-19. The overall body of COVID-19 research is very flawed methodologically. An examination of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin research findings due to the recent media focus revealed very low-quality methodology underpins the research. Vast amounts of time and resources are being allocated to COVID-19 research, and being potentially squandered. WHAT THIS ADDS TO WHAT WAS KNOWN: Flawed methodology and sub-optimal reporting of research findings could lead to biased estimates of effect. This could lead to treatment decisions that are not optimal based on biased estimates which could harm the patient. This article provides specific suggestions for improving on the COVID-19 methods and reporting with a focus on the issues that researchers must consider in their methodology and reporting if we are to have confidence in the estimates of effect. Failure to consider harms in research could be detrimental to the patient. This article focuses on the potential harms when therapeutic agents such as hydroxychloroquine, are being considered. WHAT IS THE IMPLICATION AND WHAT SHOULD CHANGE NOW: Research thus far on finding an optimal therapeutic agent (s) for COVID-19 could be hampered by methodologically flawed research. COVID-19 researchers must immediately and acutely focus on improving their methodology and reporting. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435620303711?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.04.016 id: cord-322660-bis2arbu author: Alexander, Regi title: Guidance for the Treatment and Management of COVID‐19 Among People with Intellectual Disabilities date: 2020-06-10 words: 10807.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322660-bis2arbu.txt summary: The guidelines cover specific issues associated with hospital passports, individual COVID‐19 care plans, the important role of families and carers, capacity to make decisions, issues associated with social distancing, ceiling of care/treatment escalation plans, mental health and challenging behavior, and caring for someone suspected of contracting or who has contracted SARS‐CoV‐2 within community or inpatient psychiatric settings. These teams provide a range of care and support to people with IDs, while during the current pandemic there will be an increased focus upon providing TABLE 1 Group at risk because they are clinically vulnerable due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who need particularly stringent social distancing measures Issues associated with diagnostic overshadowing, the views of parents, family members and carers, the required reasonable adjustments, communication needs, specialist mental health support, anticipatory care plans, any end-of-life or do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) discussions should be reported. abstract: The current COVID‐19 pandemic is a pressing world crisis and people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are vulnerable due to disparity in healthcare provision and physical and mental health multimorbidity. While most people will develop mild symptoms upon contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), some will develop serious complications. The aim of this study is to present guidelines for the care and treatment of people with IDs during the COVID‐19 pandemic for both community teams providing care to people with IDs and inpatient psychiatric settings. The guidelines cover specific issues associated with hospital passports, individual COVID‐19 care plans, the important role of families and carers, capacity to make decisions, issues associated with social distancing, ceiling of care/treatment escalation plans, mental health and challenging behavior, and caring for someone suspected of contracting or who has contracted SARS‐CoV‐2 within community or inpatient psychiatric settings. We have proposed that the included conditions recommended by Public Health England to categorize someone as high risk of severe illness due to COVID‐19 should also include mental health and challenging behavior. There are specific issues associated with providing care to people with IDs and appropriate action must be taken by care providers to ensure that disparity of healthcare is addressed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We recognize that our guidance is focused upon healthcare delivery in England and invite others to augment our guidance for use in other jurisdictions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837529/ doi: 10.1111/jppi.12352 id: cord-319780-rfj9t99r author: Alexander, S.P.H. title: A rational roadmap for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development. IUPHAR Review 29 date: 2020-05-01 words: 15196.0 sentences: 814.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319780-rfj9t99r.txt summary: Analysis of the co-crystal structure suggested that the SARS spike protein binds to the active site of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, Li et al., 2005) . A truncated version of human recombinant ACE2, lacking the transmembrane domain, mitigated against SARS-CoV infection of cells (Li et al., 2003) and has been used in animal models to reduce symptoms of severe acute lung failure , diabetic nephropathy (Oudit et al., 2010) and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis . A recent cryo-EM structure suggested that ACE2 and B 0 AT1/SLC6A19 form a heterodimer which pairs up through interfaces between the two ACE2 partners (Figure 1) , with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to the peptidase active site of ACE2 suggesting that B 0 AT1/SLC6A19 may facilitate entry of the novel coronavirus. Tumor necrosis factor- convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) abstract: In this review, we identify opportunities for drug discovery in the treatment of COVID‐19 and in so doing, provide a rational roadmap whereby pharmacology and pharmacologists can mitigate against the global pandemic. We assess the scope for targetting key host and viral targets in the mid‐term, by first screening these targets against drugs already licensed; an agenda for drug re‐purposing, which should allow rapid translation to clinical trials. A simultaneous, multi‐pronged approach using conventional drug discovery methodologies aimed at discovering novel chemical and biological means targetting a short‐list of host and viral entities should extend the arsenal of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents. This longer‐term strategy would provide a deeper pool of drug choices for future‐proofing against acquired drug resistance. Second, there will be further viral threats, which will inevitably evade existing vaccines. This will require a coherent therapeutic strategy which pharmacology and pharmacologists are best placed to provide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32358833/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15094 id: cord-301036-x06m11e0 author: Alfuraih, Abdulrahman M. title: Point of care lung ultrasound in COVID-19: hype or hope? date: 2020-08-28 words: 2339.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301036-x06m11e0.txt summary: As a control case, a suspected patient (later confirmed negative) with typical COVID-19 symptoms exhibited normal lung pleura with A-lines on LU. The third, and most interesting, case study 14 was of pregnant females with positive lung ultrasound findings suggesting COVID-19 which had an early negative PCR result. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring. 3 recommendations regarding the importance of lung imaging considering the high sensitivity prior to positive RT-PCR results. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has critically struck the world economy and healthcare systems. The highly contagious virus spreads rapidly and can result in potentially life-threatening acute respiratory distress. The current established test for diagnosing COVID-19 is using the RT-PCR laboratory test. However, the test requires specialized laboratories and testing kits. Recent reports also showed high false-negative rates. Experts recognize the urgent need to develop a rapid point of care diagnostic tests. Ultrasonography is a widely established safe diagnostic imaging test for detecting various lung abnormalities. Recent publications from China and Italy provided limited evidence on its usefulness for diagnosing COVID-19 in emergency departments earlier than RT-PCR. Ultrasound is sensitive to pleural and subpleural abnormalities, which suggests a great potential diagnostic role given the predilection for COVID-19 in peripheral subpleural regions.This paper reviews the current evidence and discusses the problems with specificity and scoring. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178984/ doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200027 id: cord-308116-it0alwps author: Algara, M. title: Low dose anti-inflammatory radiotherapy for the treatment of pneumonia by covid-19: A proposal for a multi-centric prospective trial date: 2020-06-15 words: 4084.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308116-it0alwps.txt summary: Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is non-invasive and has anti-inflammatory effects that can interfere with the inflammatory cascade, thus reducing the severity of associated cytokine release and might be useful in the treatment of respiratory complications caused by COVID19 . Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is non-invasive and has anti-inflammatory effects that can interfere with the inflammatory cascade, thus reducing the severity of associated cytokine release and might be useful in the treatment of respiratory complications caused by COVID19 . Study design and methods: This multicentric prospective clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lung LD-RT therapy as a treatment for interstitial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 for improving respiratory function. Study design and methods: This multicentric prospective clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lung LD-RT therapy as a treatment for interstitial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 for improving respiratory function. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection with high morbidity that is draining health resources. The biggest complication is pneumonia, which has a serious inflammatory component, with no standardized treatment. Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) is non-invasive and has anti-inflammatory effects that can interfere with the inflammatory cascade, thus reducing the severity of associated cytokine release and might be useful in the treatment of respiratory complications caused by COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This multicentric prospective clinical trial seeks to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral lung LD-RT therapy as a treatment for interstitial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 for improving respiratory function. This prospective study will have 2 phases: I) an exploratory phase enrolling 10 patients, which will assess the feasibility and efficacy of low-dose lung irradiation, evaluated according to an increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio of at least 20% at 48–72 h with respect to the pre-irradiation value. If a minimum efficiency of 30% of the patients is not achieved, the study will not be continued. II) Non-randomized comparative phase in two groups: a control group, which will only receive pharmacological treatment, and an experimental arm with pharmacological treatment and LD-RT. It will include 96 patients, the allocation will be 1: 2, that is, 32 in the control arm and 64 in the experimental arm. The primary end-point will be the efficacy of LD-RT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according to an improvement in PaO2/FiO2. Secondary objectives will include the safety of bilateral lung LD-RT, an improvement in the radiology image, overall mortality rates at 15 and 30 days after irradiation and characterizing anti-inflammatory mechanisms of LD-RT by measuring the level of expression of adhesion molecules, anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress mediators. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT-04380818 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04380818?term=RADIOTHERAPY&cond=COVID&draw=2&rank=4. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613089/ doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.06.005 id: cord-349838-p6vfzbla author: Algwaiz, Ghada title: Real-world issues and potential solutions in HCT during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from the WBMT and the CIBMTR''s Health Services and International Studies Committee date: 2020-07-24 words: 4060.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349838-p6vfzbla.txt summary: Realizing the challenges as a result of this pandemic affecting the daily practice of the HCT centers, and the recognition of the variability in practice worldwide, the Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) Health Services and International Studies Committee have jointly produced an expert opinion statement as a general guide to deal with certain aspects of HCT including diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 in HCT patients, pre-and-post-HCT management, donor issues, medical tourism and facilities management. While acknowledging all aforementioned challenges and taking into account current recommendations or guidelines issued by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) (which are WBMT members), herein, we aim at providing a consensus among the authors from WBMT and CIBMTR''s HSIS committee and other HCT experts who represent multiple continents and allude to the current worldwide threat to HCT patient from the COVID-19 pandemic (7, 8) . abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has impacted many facets of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in both developed and developing countries. Realizing the challenges as a result of this pandemic affecting the daily practice of the HCT centers, and the recognition of the variability in practice worldwide, the Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) Health Services and International Studies Committee have jointly produced an expert opinion statement as a general guide to deal with certain aspects of HCT including diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 in HCT patients, pre-and-post-HCT management, donor issues, medical tourism and facilities management. During these crucial times, which may last for months or years, the HCT community must reorganize to proceed with transplant activity in those patients who urgently require it, albeit with extreme caution.This shared knowledge may be of value to the HCT community in the absence of highquality evidence-based medicine. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1083879120304547 doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.021 id: cord-303000-tmk2c9eh author: Alhaj, Ahmad Kh. title: Neurosurgery Residents Perspective on the COVID-19: Knowledge, Readiness, and Impact of this Pandemic. date: 2020-05-16 words: 3899.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303000-tmk2c9eh.txt summary: The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. To our best knowledge, this is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, practices, as well as the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in various neurosurgical programs. The final section (6 items) focuses on the impact of this pandemic on the resident in terms of neurosurgical training, studying, mental health, as well as whether their social life was affected or not. Table 3 demonstrates the association of this score about the virus with gender, age, year of residency training, location of the neurosurgery program. Our study is the first regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on their training. abstract: Abstract Background The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a life-threatening illness, which represents a challenge to all the health-care workers. Neurosurgeons around the world are being affected in different ways. Objectives This is the first study regarding the readiness of neurosurgery residents towards the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact. The aim is to identify the level of knowledge, readiness, and the impact of this virus among neurosurgery residents in different programs. Methods A cross-sectional analysis in which 52 neurosurgery residents from different centers were selected to complete a questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire comprised of three sections and 27 questions that ranged from knowledge to impact of the current pandemic on various features. Results The median knowledge score was 4 out of 5. The proportion of participants with satisfactory knowledge level was 60%. There was a statistically significant difference between the knowledge score and location of the program. Around 48% of the neurosurgery residents dealt directly with COVID-19 patients. Receiving a session about personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported by 57.7%. The neurosurgery training at the hospital was affected. About 90% believed that this pandemic influenced their mental health. Conclusion Neurosurgery residents have a relatively good knowledge about COVID-19. The location of the program was associated with knowledge level. Most of the participants did not receive a sufficient training about PPE. Almost all responders agree that their training at the hospital was affected. Further studies are needed to study the impact of this pandemic on neurosurgery residents. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020310585 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.087 id: cord-305073-8301zqj9 author: Alhakeem, Ayat title: Case Report: COVID-19–Associated Bilateral Spontaneous Pneumothorax—A Literature Review date: 2020-07-14 words: 1390.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305073-8301zqj9.txt summary: We report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax with no known underlying lung disease or risk factors. Most of the reported cases of pneumothorax associated with COVID-19 lack traditional risk factors or underlying predisposing lung disease. Highresolution computed tomography (CT) chest showed multiple bilateral bullae in the lungs complicated by the pneumothorax because of rupture ( Figure 1D ). The bullous changes could represent an undiagnosed underlying pulmonary disease, which became apparent after the inflammatory changes and excessive mechanical forces introduced by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to a unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax, followed by bilateral pneumothorax. Review of the literature shows 18 case reports describing COVID-19 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnosis and treatment of severe COVID-19 complicated with spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and the possible underlying mechanism abstract: COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory tract. Pulmonary complications of COVID-19 may include acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism. Pneumothorax has been recently reported in association with COVID-19. We report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax with no known underlying lung disease or risk factors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666917/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0680 id: cord-270628-jtj30v0r author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients With Severe COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-14 words: 4249.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270628-jtj30v0r.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Lung US was suggested to be particularly useful during the COVID-19 pandemic because of its ability to identify subtle lung parenchymal changes early in the course of disease, monitor the evolution of pulmonary lesions in hospitalized patients, and guide mechanical ventilation therapy in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] Chest computed tomography (CT) rapidly became the mainstream imaging method in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia by identifying the typical pattern of ground glass opacities with variable infiltrates and consolidations, while showing a high correlation with laboratory detection of the virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] Hence, in this study, the primary end point was to analyze the lung US findings in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia or admission to the ICU longitudinally throughout their disease course. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a prospective longitudinal analysis of lung ultrasound findings in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). METHODS: Eighty‐nine intensive care unit (ICU) patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were prospectively enrolled and tracked. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) examinations were performed with phased array, convex, and linear transducers using portable machines. The thorax was scanned in 12 lung areas: anterior, lateral, and posterior (superior/inferior) bilaterally. Lower limbs were scanned for deep venous thrombosis and chest computed tomographic angiography was performed to exclude suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). Follow‐up POCUS was performed weekly and before hospital discharge. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (84.2%), with a median age of 43 years. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 17 (interquartile range, 10–22) days; the ICU length of stay was 22 (interquartile range, 20.2–25.2) days; and the 28‐day mortality rate was 28.1%. On ICU admission, POCUS detected bilateral irregular pleural lines (78.6%) with accompanying confluent and separate B‐lines (100%), variable consolidations (61.7%), and pleural and cardiac effusions (22.4% and 13.4%, respectively). These findings appeared to signify a late stage of COVID‐19 pneumonia. Deep venous thrombosis was identified in 16.8% of patients, whereas chest computed tomographic angiography confirmed PE in 24.7% of patients. Five to six weeks after ICU admission, follow‐up POCUS examinations detected significantly lower rates (P < .05) of lung abnormalities in survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Point‐of‐care ultrasound depicted B‐lines, pleural line irregularities, and variable consolidations. Lung ultrasound findings were significantly decreased by ICU discharge, suggesting persistent but slow resolution of at least some COVID‐19 lung lesions. Although POCUS identified deep venous thrombosis in less than 20% of patients at the bedside, nearly one‐fourth of all patients were found to have computed tomography–proven PE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797661/ doi: 10.1002/jum.15417 id: cord-278306-wdj5v3rh author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report date: 2020-10-15 words: 2036.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278306-wdj5v3rh.txt summary: title: COVID-19 in a patient with a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a rare case-report This is a rare case-report of a young female with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage kidney disease (on maintenance hemodialysis) who was admitted to our intensive care unit due to life-threatening COVID-19. In this report, the diagnostic dilemmas and the therapeutic challenges due to the overlapping clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings between lupus and COVID-19 pneumonitis are outlined. Also, great controversy exists about the potential role of hydroxychloroquine as protective therapy against COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study abstract: This is a rare case-report of a young female with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage kidney disease (on maintenance hemodialysis) who was admitted to our intensive care unit due to life-threatening COVID-19. The patient was diagnosed with a flare of lupus; while being on maintenance hydroxychloroquine therapy. However, after the administration of steroids she made an uneventful recovery and was discharged home. In this report, the diagnostic dilemmas and the therapeutic challenges due to the overlapping clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings between lupus and COVID-19 pneumonitis are outlined. In conclusion, patients with lupus may be affected by COVID-19 despite the administration of hydroxychloroquine. The administration of steroids may have a beneficial effect on mitigating both the flare of SLE and the COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078093/ doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101252 id: cord-341060-otvoo99j author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Thrombolysis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-07-30 words: 913.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341060-otvoo99j.txt summary: Keywords: COVID-19, massive pulmonary embolism, thrombolysis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, point-of-care ultrasound. Recently, a preliminary analysis of a large US cohort of critically ill patients with severe novel SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has suggested the benefit of systemic anticoagulation on their J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f anticoagulation in patients with severe COVID-19, and Padua prediction score ≥4 or D-dimer>3.0 μg/mL has been previously suggested due to the increased occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) [3, 4] . Point-of-care-cardiac ultrasound modified four-chamber view (day-2) revealing a large thrombus in a dysfunctional right heart "en-route" to the pulmonary circulation in our critically ill COVID-19 patient. Point-of-care-cardiac ultrasound modified four-chamber view (day-5) depicting no thrombi in the right heart, and normalization of right ventricular function in our critically ill COVID-19 patient. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy abstract: OBJECTIVE: No guidelines exist for the management of massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19. We present a COVID-19 patient with refractory acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and life-threatening PE who underwent successful thrombolysis. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 47 year old male was admitted to our hospital due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia [confirmed by Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR)]. He had rapidly evolving ARDS [partial arterial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired concentration of oxygen ratio: 175], and sepsis. Laboratory results showed lymphocytopenia, and increased D-dimer levels (7.7 μg/ml; normal: 0–0.5 μg/ml). The patient was treated in the intensive care unit. On day-1, ARDS-net/prone positioning ventilation, and empiric anti-COVID treatment integrating prophylactic anticoagulation was administered. On hospital day-2, the patient developed shock with worsening oxygenation. Point-of-care-ultrasound depicted a large thrombus migrating from the right atrium to the pulmonary circulation. Intravenous alteplase (100 mg over 2 h) was administered as rescue therapy. The patient made an uneventful recovery, and was discharged to home isolation (day-20) on oral rivaroxaban. CONCLUSION: Thrombolysis may have a critical therapeutic role for massive PE in COVID-19; however the risk of potential bleeding should not be underestimated. Point-of-care ultrasound has a pivotal role in the management of refractory ARDS in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S073567572030663X doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.068 id: cord-348365-e90544er author: Alharthy, Abdulrahman title: Lung Injury in COVID-19—An Emerging Hypothesis date: 2020-07-24 words: 1401.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348365-e90544er.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348365-e90544er.txt summary: We have recently shown that patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) had associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) 1 as outlined in Table 1 . 5, 6 However, in a recent series, patients with severe COVID-19 have demonstrated features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with hemorrhagic changes, 7 which has not been related to the severity of lung involvement, and it has been partially attributed to diffuse endothelial dysfunction related to the viral binding to the ACE-2 receptors. 8, 9 However, neurogenic pulmonary edema could indeed occur in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia although it should not be characterized as a form of ARDS, but rather as a noncardiogenic interstitial lung edema with peripheral lung zone distribution, which could be observed in viral pneumonitis and after brain injury. The versatility of clinical features such as cardiac dysfunction, thromboembolic disease, and neurological manifestations along with the lung injury, and other systemic sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an evolving clinical syndrome, which requires further studying and analysis. abstract: Lung injury with COVID-19 may be due to a complex underlying pathophysiology. Cytokine release syndrome appears to be a catalyst of different inflammatory pathways promoting lung parenchymal injury and thromboembolic phenomena (“dual hit” injury). Recently, severe neurological manifestations such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which may be not linked to lung pathology, have been identified in COVID-19, contributing thus further to the versatility of its clinical features. url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00422 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00422 id: cord-318410-fznw4bbq author: Alhazmi, Amani title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 words: 4281.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318410-fznw4bbq.txt summary: title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. This survey aimed to study the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the participants towards COVID-19 preventive and precautionary measures in relation to containment of the pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by determining the participants'' socio-demographic characteristics, measuring participants'' knowledge about major facts concerning the virus, determining participants'' practices to prevent the spread of the infection, and measuring the response rate and participants'' level of adherence to MOH preventive and precaution measures. Knowledge, attitude and practice toward COVID-19 among the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study abstract: Background: The general population’s compliance with preventive measures and legislation is mainly influenced by their knowledge level, attitude, and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study; it used a validated cross-sectional online survey that received responses from 13 Saudi administrative regions. Results: There were 1513 participants who completed the study (55% females; 77.7%, university education). Knowledge level, attitude, and practices towards corona virus disease-2019 were 81.3%, 86.6%, and 81.9%, respectively. The knowledge subscales showed that 1496 (98.9%) participants knew the system targeted by the virus, 96.2% and 97.3% knew the causative agent and symptoms, 783 (52.2%) participants knew the transmission modes, and 696 (46.0%) participants knew about the complications. The attitude subscales included 1465 (96.5%) participants who had dealt with an infected person, 1451 (95.9%) participants who isolated in a health facility, 1195 (97.0%) participants who knew about hand washing, and 1387 (91.7%) participants who thought the virus spread through home delivery. The practice subscales included 1505 (99.5%) participants who properly disposed of gloves and tissues and 1347 (89.0%) participants who reported safe practices when coughing or sneezing. Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. The educational level is a dominant influencing factor for knowledge, attitude, and practice. url: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1867 doi: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1867 id: cord-318032-d9dnugod author: Ali Hassan, Syed M. title: Improved safety of endoscopic vessel harvesting during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 words: 1150.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318032-d9dnugod.txt summary: We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting (EVH) approach during coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and thus mitigates the risk of possible viral aerosolization. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting approach during CABG surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and thus mitigates the risk of possible viral aerosolization. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated that operating room procedures be modified to ensure the safety of staff and patients. Specifically, procedures that have the potential to create aerosolization must be reassessed, given the risk of viral transmission via aerosolization. We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. This approach is technically feasible and can minimize the risk of viral transmission during EVH. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.016 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.05.016 id: cord-270933-ecmg8kti author: Ali, Ashaq title: COVID-19: Clinical aspects and therapeutics responses date: 2020-07-03 words: 1655.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270933-ecmg8kti.txt summary: Furthermore our newly applied combination (Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol Hydrochloride) showed effects in 5-7 days for patients with mild symptoms and was found effective with 98 % recovery rate. The significant alternation in laboratory findings during hospitalization was a high level of C reactive protein, lymphopenia, increases in WBC, and neutrophil count ( Both patients with mild symptoms and asymptomatic, received TCM LH Capsule in combination with Arbidol Hydrochloride tablets, with dosage and duration detail in (Table 03 ). Findings of the current study have shown that the treatment of COVID-19 patients with LH capsule in combination with Arbidol Hydrochloride resulted in significant recovery. Furthermore, the combination of LH with Aribidol hydrochloride can be used as effective therapeutics against COVID-19, specifically for Patients with mild symptoms. The effect of Arbidol Hydrochloride on reducing mortality of Covid-19 patients: a retrospective study of real world date from three hospitals in Wuhan abstract: COVID-19 has created havoc in the world by causing thousands of demises in a short period of time. Up till now, several attempts have been made for potential therapeutics against SARS-COV2. In this retrospective, single-center study, we extracted data from 122 COVID-19, RT-PCR confirmed patients. who were treated with a new treatment strategy of lianhuaqingwen with Arbidol Hydrochloride. The patients were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms for COVID-19 disease. Of 122 patients 21 (17.21%) patients undergo severe conditions of COVID-19, However total 111 (90.9 %) experienced mild symptoms such as fever in 93 (76.22%) patients, cough in 23 (20.17%) and muscle pain were observed in total 8 (7%) patients. Furthermore our newly applied combination (Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol Hydrochloride) showed effects in 5-7 days for patients with mild symptoms and was found effective with 98 % recovery rate. We found the new combination is very effective against patients with mild symptoms and asymptomatic patients. Further extensive clinical investigations are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32788835/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.06.022 id: cord-254458-bbcef8xt author: Ali, Farhana title: Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is? date: 2020-04-30 words: 1107.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254458-bbcef8xt.txt summary: The tragedy that is the US aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt, in which 60 percent of the 600 sailors who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were asymptomatic, further highlights the need for accurate laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19 disease [2] . make the case that testing of throat wash samples may be more sensitive than testing of NP swabs for COVID-19 disease. Interestingly, there is biologic plausibility that a sample collected via the oral cavity (such as a throat wash) may yield higher results than a NP swab test based on a study by Xu et al. Finally, the authors'' detection of virus late in the patients'' clinical course emphasizes the uncertainty faced by policy makers as they try to determine the optimal length of isolation for an individual recovering from COVID-19 disease. Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353114/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa511 id: cord-280579-osodvntp author: Ali, Hussain title: Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey date: 2020-09-22 words: 3428.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280579-osodvntp.txt summary: title: Impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on daily routines and air environment: evidence from Turkey Turkish people are facing several problems because of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as the pandemic has brought about drastic changes to their daily routines. Results reveal that increasing unemployment, decrease in air contamination, high stress and depression, a slowdown in the economic growth, and the tourism industry are profoundly affected due to the COVID-19 in Turkey. The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between COVID-19 and people''s daily routines and the air environment in Turkey. First, current research has the nature of qualitative research approaches to discover the implications of COVID-19 for people''s daily routines, overall performance, and the air environment. There are many post effects of COVID-19 in Turkey like unemployment, ameliorated air environment, inefficient online learning, decrease in outing activities, fear, and depression, and restaurants and the tourism sector are severely affected. abstract: Turkish people are facing several problems because of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as the pandemic has brought about drastic changes to their daily routines. This study mainly investigates the impact of this pandemic on the daily routines of Turkish. It also unveils how COVID-19 affects the air environment. The adopted methods for data collection are based on open-ended questions and Facebook interviews as per recommended by QSR-International (2012). The sample of this study comprises of Turkish students as well as professional workers. The findings of the research show that there are eighteen different results of COVID-19 that have been identified according to the Turkish people’s daily routines. Results reveal that increasing unemployment, decrease in air contamination, high stress and depression, a slowdown in the economic growth, and the tourism industry are profoundly affected due to the COVID-19 in Turkey. Furthermore, on the one hand, the consequences of the pandemic are segregated into social problems and psychological issues in daily routines. On the other hand, they have shown a positive impact on the air environment. This study concludes that, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the lives of the people in Turkey are subject to deterioration, while the air environment of Turkey is gradually improving. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11869-020-00943-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983281/ doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00943-2 id: cord-348494-yx11ucrb author: Ali, Kamran title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and management of aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry date: 2020-06-26 words: 1651.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348494-yx11ucrb.txt summary: Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. • Finally, dental professionals should not remain at the receiving end of cross infection control guidelines and should explore appropriate platforms to actively participate in research aimed at informing evidence-based protocols to limit the spread of COVID-19 in dental environments. abstract: Data sources Experimental investigation. Study design A retrospective review to evaluate the use of a negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system to reduce cross-infection through aerosol. The apparatus consists of a plastic drape suspended over the surgical field in the head and neck region with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber with an ultra-low penetrating air (ULPA) efficiency rating and a fluid suction high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter compartment. Spread of patient secretions and droplet formation was evaluated using 1% fluorescein dye in 10 ml of normal saline and ultraviolet light. The dye was applied topically in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx preoperatively and intraoperatively prior to the use of instruments such as micro-debrider, electrocautery and high-speed drilling. Following completion of the surgical procedure, an ultraviolet Wood's lamp was used to evaluate the presence of droplets on the surgical drapes and surgical gowns of the operating team. Results The study sample consisted of four patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgical procedures; two of these patients required concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery. A micro-debrider was used in three cases; electrocautery in three cases, while a high-speed drilling was employed in two cases. Presence of fluorescein was identified around the patients' nares; on the chest wipe and instrument tray in all four patients. Dye contamination was noted on the gauze placed over the smoke evacuator (two cases of skull base surgery); no fluid droplets were identified beyond the nares or the smoke evacuator (two cases of sinus surgery). However, fluid contamination was identified underneath barrier several centimetres away from the nares (one case of trans-sphenoidal surgery). Droplets were also identified on the surgeon's gown in the abdominal region in all cases and on the arm region in one case. In one case, droplets were also identified on the abdominal region of the nurse, but this was attributed to cross contamination from surgical gauze and instruments. Conclusions This retrospective study provides preliminary data on aerosol and droplet contamination during endonasal and transoral surgery performed under a negative pressure isolation drape system. Although the authors did not screen patients for SARS-CoV-2, they propose smoke evacuator ULPA filter attachment is appropriate to capture particles down to 0.1 microns including SARS-CoV-2 which is 0.125 microns. It would be helpful to see direct evidence to support this claim in future studies. The authors have not provided details regarding set-up time and training requirements for effective application of the isolation drape apparatus or the associated costs etc. It would have also been helpful if the authors could comment on any potential difficulties in undertaking the surgical procedure with the isolation system in place. The sample size is limited to four patients and variations in the magnitude and extent of aerosol contamination needs to be investigated further before drawing any conclusions. Although unlikely, this study design did not capture the presence of aerosol/droplets in the air within the operating room which may follow removal of the isolation drape system or from exposed surgical instruments. Notwithstanding the limitations of the design, negative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier is likely to minimise the contamination from aerosol and droplet during endonasal and transoral surgery. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0088-4 id: cord-297878-c4cq92x8 author: Ali, Mohammed title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a 27-Year-Old Male With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 words: 2098.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297878-c4cq92x8.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that led to a global public health emergency causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we present a case of a very young 27-year-old patient without any past history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, or any risk factors for coronary artery disease except obesity, who developed STEMI while in the hospital. Here we present a case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a very young 27-year-old African American patient who was admitted for respiratory 1 2 1 3, 4 failure secondary to COVID-19. revealed that STEMI was the presenting clinical manifestation in 24 out of 28 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed with an STEMI. COVID-19 has now been associated with increased cardiovascular injury and even more so in patients with severe disease. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that led to a global public health emergency causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was initially identified in Wuhan, China after causing significant respiratory illness. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common presenting symptoms, it is now recognized that COVID-19 encompasses multiple organ systems including the cardiovascular system. Acute myocardial injury and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have now been associated with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular manifestations are at risk for increased severity of illness. Here we present a case of a very young 27-year-old patient without any past history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, or any risk factors for coronary artery disease except obesity, who developed STEMI while in the hospital. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062505/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10384 id: cord-286960-uz34fjyp author: Ali, Nurshad title: Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity date: 2020-06-20 words: 4029.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286960-uz34fjyp.txt summary: This review discussed the possible roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and other acute respiratory tract infections and severity. Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. Some recent reviews hypothesized that vitamin D insufficiency may compromise respiratory immune function, increasing the risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality [12, 13] . There are also some retrospective studies that determined the correlation of vitamin D levels with COVID-19 severity and mortality [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] The recent outbreak and fast spreading of SARS-CoV-2 are a global health threat with an unstable outcome worldwide. Another study included 25 randomized controlled trials, with 10,933 participants in total from 14 different countries indicated the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of at least one acute respiratory tract infection [59] . abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis. Little is known about the protective factors of this infection. Therefore, preventive health measures that can reduce the risk of infection, progression and severity are desperately needed. This review discussed the possible roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and other acute respiratory tract infections and severity. Moreover, this study determined the correlation of vitamin D levels with COVID-19 cases and deaths in 20 European countries as of 20 May 2020. A significant negative correlation (p = 0.033) has been observed between mean vitamin D levels and COVID-19 cases per one million population in European countries. However, the correlation of vitamin D with COVID-19 deaths of these countries was not significant. Some retrospective studies demonstrated a correlation between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity and mortality, while other studies did not find the correlation when confounding variables are adjusted. Several studies demonstrated the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. These include direct inhibition with viral replication or with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory ways. In the meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation has been shown as safe and effective against acute respiratory tract infections. Thus, people who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency during this global pandemic should consider taking vitamin D supplements to maintain the circulating 25(OH)D in the optimal levels 75-125 nmol/L. In conclusion, there not enough evidence on the association between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality. Therefore, randomized control trials and cohort studies are necessary to test this hypothesis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605780/ doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021 id: cord-294924-5u2tfyd0 author: Ali, Nurshad title: Is SARS-CoV-2 associated with liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-05-21 words: 1236.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294924-5u2tfyd0.txt summary: A very recent study included 417 patients reported 76.3% of liver test abnormalities and 21.5% of liver injury among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Cai et al. The authors observed that patients with elevated liver enzymes in the hepatocyte category had an increasing trend for progression to severe disease course. The prevalence of ALT and AST abnormalities were observed at least two times higher among severe patients than non-severe patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Zhao et al. A high prevalence of liver test abnormalities in some studies, suggesting that liver injury in COVID-19 patients might be directly caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection of liver cells (Cai et al. 2020) , which may partially clarify the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the liver test abnormalities in COVID-19 patients (Cai et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210740120301406 doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.05.002 id: cord-030565-jwqod8q5 author: Ali, Rasha Mostafa Mohamed title: Radiological findings spectrum of asymptomatic coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-18 words: 2315.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030565-jwqod8q5.txt summary: This cross-sectional study included 44 asymptomatic patients (16 males, 28 females) with an age range from 8 to 66 years (mean age of 35.7 years), who were not yet diagnosed as asymptomatic corona patients; then, after imaging, they were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR test, they were referred for MSCT assessment of the chest for different causes ( Table 1) . This cross-sectional study included 44 asymptomatic patients (16 males, 28 females) with age ranging from 8 to 66 years (mean age of 35.7 years), after imaging, they were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR test, they were referred for MSCT assessment of the chest for different causes. The ground-glass and consolidative opacities were peripheral in most patients (34, 77.3%), while 3 patients(6.81%) showed peri-hilar distribution and 7 patients (15.9%) showed peripheral with perihilar involvement which is highly matching results of the study" CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia" done by Ming Fig. 1 An 18-year-old male patient with no chest symptoms gave a history of close contact to positive COVID-19 patient. abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiological examinations of COVID-19 positive patients play a vital role in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course, as most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns. Asymptomatic infected individuals, called “asymptomatic carrier or transmitter”, who are the infectious sources of SARS-CoV-2, and some of them progress rapidly, even resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high case-fatality rate. Our study is a prospective study and aims to be familiar with the CT imaging features of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS: A total of 44 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia between March 20, 2020 and May 23, 2020 were enrolled. All patients had a history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or recent travel history. All patients had no symptoms. The predominant feature of CT findings in this cross-sectional study was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (41, 93%) with peripheral (34, 77.3%) distribution, bilateral location (20, 45.5%) with lower lobe predominance (left lower lobe 72% and right lower lobe 50%). CONCLUSION: CT imaging of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia has highly characteristics findings. Since asymptomatic patients are the asymptomatic transmitter, and some patients can progress rapidly in the short term, it is essential to early diagnose asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. CT scan has great sensitivity in screening and detecting patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432457/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00266-3 id: cord-254377-j8e8gb0l author: Ali, Sadaf title: Acute cor pulmonale from saddle pulmonary embolism in a patient with previous Covid-19 – should we prolong prophylactic anticoagulation? date: 2020-06-13 words: 1447.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254377-j8e8gb0l.txt summary: However, the risk associated with mild and moderate illness from Covid-19 is unknown, and there is no current recommendation for prophylaxis against thromboembolism in patients after hospital treatment unless there are established thrombophilic risk factors. We report the case of a 52-year old woman, who presented with massive saddle pulmonary embolism after one week of initial hospital discharge, successfully thrombolysed that raises the question of consideration of extended prophylactic anticoagulation even in low risk Covid-19 cases. 3 We report a case of acute massive PE successfully managed by thrombolysis in a patient who was discharged after one week of initial hospital treatment for Covid-19 pneumonia which raises serious concerns about the indication for extended prophylactic anticoagulation in such cases. Emerging data and clinical experience suggest an increased prevalence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in COVID-19, especially in patients with severe disease requiring hospitalization, and even among those who are not critically ill. abstract: Abstract Severe corona virus disease 19 (Covid-19) is known to be associated with exaggerated risk of thromboembolism. However, the risk associated with mild and moderate illness from Covid-19 is unknown, and there is no current recommendation for prophylaxis against thromboembolism in patients after hospital treatment unless there are established thrombophilic risk factors. We report the case of a 52-year old woman, who presented with massive saddle pulmonary embolism after one week of initial hospital discharge, successfully thrombolysed that raises the question of consideration of extended prophylactic anticoagulation even in low risk Covid-19 cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220304744 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.039 id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z author: Ali, Sana title: Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-07 words: 5786.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt summary: Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media abstract: Accompanied by false information, mass media content is hindering efforts to cope with the current outbreak. Although the World Health Organization and other concerned bodies are notified regarding misinformation, myths and rumors are highly prevalent. This paper aims to highlight the misinformation and its potential impacts during the Covid-19 by using the Systematic Review Approach. The researcher randomly selected n = 35 research articles published from 2015 to 2020, witnessing the misinformation as a major concern during previous endemics and the current Covid-19 pandemic. Myths and rumors through traditional and new media platforms cause Xenophobia, LGBT Rights violations, and psychological disorders among the masses. Despite the efforts made by the World Health Organization, much more is required to nullify the impacts of misinformation and Covid-19. Therefore, the researcher recommended improved global healthcare policies and strategies to counteract against misinformation to mitigate the impacts of Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538536/ doi: 10.1007/s42087-020-00139-1 id: cord-286885-eih8a6ul author: Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad title: One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world date: 2020-05-06 words: 831.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286885-eih8a6ul.txt summary: A strategy was proposed after the advent of a virus-specific molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test called "mass screening" that involved testing nasal and throat swabs from the random population to assess viral spread and to isolate those infected from the healthy population. I propose a method of screening that can be used in remote areas and developing nations during stage 3 of the COVID-19 pandemic; it is cost efficient and has a high probability of isolating asymptomatic cases. As reported in previous studies, COVID-19 spreads rapidly through droplets, and the probability of infection is increased if a person comes in contact with any infected patient. For example, India, with a population of 1.353 billion, cannot test each citizen, and there is a high probability of missing COVID-19 cases in random sampling, which might worsen the situation once lockdown is lifted. Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32372726/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.200 id: cord-320920-mceoozy8 author: Ali, Zain title: Acute COVID-19 Induced Fulminant Systemic Vascular Thrombosis: A Novel Entity date: 2020-08-14 words: 1147.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320920-mceoozy8.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] Here, we invoke a new variant of coagulopathy, acute COVID-19 induced fulminant systemic vascular thrombosis (ACoFSVT) characterized by a rapid, widespread, massive peripheral arteriovenous coagulopathy. [4] In our case, irrespective of the endothelial injury, the collision of COVID-19 induced direct vascular thrombosis, inherent to the disease-specific hypercoagulable state, and possible vasculopathy, due to long-standing diabetes triggered vascular occlusion. The rise in d-dimer levels tracked with inflammatory biomarkers (CRP), reflecting both coagulopathy and vascular inflammation, a cause for acute COVID-19 related fulminant systemic vascular thrombosis (ACoFSVT). Regardless, it is imperative to identify early clinical risk factors such as baseline medical conditions that predispose to vasculopathy, significant elevated inflammatory markers and in particular high levels of d-dimer, and adopt an individualized approach to initiation of early therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients. While remarkable efforts to unravel further management of acute COVID-19 related thrombotic complications are ongoing, we advocate for early recognition and timely anticoagulation in patients with high-risk features suggestive of ACoFSVT. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906720303183?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100620 id: cord-255474-7fq9culd author: Alifano, Marco title: Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-16 words: 2599.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255474-7fq9culd.txt summary: We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. 6 Although concurrent cardiovascular disease might explain increased mortality in a severe infection responsible for respiratory failure and deterioration of cardiac function, the observations on hypertension warrant urgent speculation and reflection, while waiting for results of large-scale studies evaluating the independent value of each risk factor. abstract: Significant aspects of COVID-19 pandemic remain obscure. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, whose expression dominates on lung alveolar epithelial cells, is the human cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We strongly encourage the concept that thorough considerations of receptor-ligand interactions should be kept at the heart of scientific debate on infection. In this idea, the whole renin-angiotensin system has to be evaluated. We hypothesize that factors related to ethnicity, environment, behaviors, associated illness, and medications involving this complex system are probably responsible for situations regarded as anomalous from both an epidemiological and a clinical point of view, but, taken together, such factors may explain most of the aspects of current outbreak. We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. This hypothesis paper is an urgent call for the development of research programs that aim at questioning whether the putative protagonists of this tragedy are real-life actors in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32305506/ doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.008 id: cord-263127-zlenyzn9 author: Alimohamadi, Yousef title: Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-03-20 words: 2578.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263127-zlenyzn9.txt summary: title: Estimate of the Basic Reproduction Number for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis In light of discrepancies in original research on this issue, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R(0) for COVID-19 in the current outbreak. Articles were searched using the following keywords: "COVID-19" and "basic reproduction number" or "R(0)." The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I(2) index, the Cochran Q test, and T(2). According to the results of the meta-regression analysis, the type of model used to estimate R(0) did not have a significant effect on heterogeneity among studies (p=0.81). However, because of discrepancies in the results of those studies, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R0 for the COV-ID-19 outbreak, using original articles published during 2020. Estimation of the reproductive number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the probable outbreak size on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: a data-driven analysis abstract: OBJECTIVES: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the main public health challenges currently facing the world. Because of its high transmissibility, COVID-19 has already caused extensive morbidity and mortality in many countries throughout the world. An accurate estimation of the basic reproduction number (R(0)) of COVID-19 would be beneficial for prevention programs. In light of discrepancies in original research on this issue, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R(0) for COVID-19 in the current outbreak. METHODS: International databases (including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify studies conducted regarding the R(0) of COVID-19. Articles were searched using the following keywords: “COVID-19” and “basic reproduction number” or “R(0).” The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I(2) index, the Cochran Q test, and T(2). A random-effects model was used to estimate R(0) in this study. RESULTS: The mean reported R(0) in the identified articles was 3.38±1.40, with a range of 1.90 to 6.49. According to the results of the random-effects model, the pooled R(0) for COVID-19 was estimated as 3.32 (95% confidence interval, 2.81 to 3.82). According to the results of the meta-regression analysis, the type of model used to estimate R(0) did not have a significant effect on heterogeneity among studies (p=0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the estimated R(0) for COVID-19, reducing the number of contacts within the population is a necessary step to control the epidemic. The estimated overall R(0) was higher than the World Health Organization estimate. url: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.076 doi: 10.3961/jpmph.20.076 id: cord-340232-cadu5ah8 author: Aliter, Kholoud F. title: Thrombin Inhibition by Argatroban: Potential Therapeutic Benefits in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 5317.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340232-cadu5ah8.txt summary: Considering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 pandemic, thrombin inhibitors may exert multiple potential therapeutic benefits including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. In this review, we put forward thrombin, a trypsin-like serine protease belonging to the coagulation process, as a potential drug target to develop adjunct therapeutics for COVID-19, particularly for the critically ill patients. In this model, inhibition of thrombin activity by a specific inhibitor reported as NAPAP (mostly likely is dabigatran) immediately led to a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers of TNF-α, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9 (CXL9), and C-C motif chemokine ligand-1 (CCL1) and in the expression of the coagulation markers of factor X and PAR-1 in the brain [53] . Together, considering thrombin''s roles in thrombosis, inflammation, and viral infections (Fig. 1) , it is plausible to expect that inhibiting thrombin activity may eventually promote not only anticoagulant effect, but also anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. abstract: Thrombin is a trypsin-like serine protease with multiple physiological functions. Its role in coagulation and thrombosis is well-established. Nevertheless, thrombin also plays a major role in inflammation by activating protease-activated receptors. In addition, thrombin is also involved in angiogenesis, fibrosis, and viral infections. Considering the pathogenesis of COVID-19 pandemic, thrombin inhibitors may exert multiple potential therapeutic benefits including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. In this review, we describe the clinical features of COVID-19, the thrombin’s roles in various pathologies, and the potential of argatroban in COVID-19 patients. Argatroban is a synthetic, small molecule, direct, competitive, and selective inhibitor of thrombin. It is approved to parenterally prevent and/or treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in addition to other thrombotic conditions. Argatroban also possesses anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities and has a well-established pharmacokinetics profile. It also appears to lack a significant risk of drug–drug interactions with therapeutics currently being evaluated for COVID-19. Thus, argatroban presents a substantial promise in treating severe cases of COVID-19; however, this promise is yet to be established in randomized, controlled clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07066-x doi: 10.1007/s10557-020-07066-x id: cord-311889-fntwg3g8 author: Alizadehsani, R. title: Risk Factors Prediction, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-09 words: 5395.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311889-fntwg3g8.txt summary: Early identification of risk factors and clinical outcomes might help to identify critically ill patients, provide proper treatment and prevent mortality. Fever, dyspnea, weakness, shivering, C-reactive protein (CRP), fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, sweating and age were the most important symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Our data showed significant difference between healthy and COVID-19 cases with regard to the symptoms like fever (P-value=1.99E-12), dyspnea (P-value= 2.99E-11), weakness (P-value=3.16E-11), shivering (P-value=1.01E-09), fatigue (P-value=6.60E-09) and dry cough (P-value=9.53E-09). We observed a significant association between older age (P-value=2.82E-05), history of heart disease (P-value=0.00654), and history of cancer (P-value=0.012863) with COVID-19 mortality compared to healthy subjects. The main findings of our study are the significant association between symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, weakness, shivering, fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, and sweating with COVID-19. Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Background: Preventing communicable diseases requires understanding the spread, epidemiology, clinical features, progression, and prognosis of the disease. Early identification of risk factors and clinical outcomes might help to identify critically ill patients, provide proper treatment and prevent mortality. Methods: We conducted a prospective study in patients with flu-like symptoms referred to the imaging department of a tertiary hospital in IRAN between 3 March 2020 and 8 April 2020. Patients with COVID-19 were followed up to check their health condition after two months. The categorical data between groups were analyzed by Fisher exact test and continuous data by Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. Findings: 319 patients (mean age 45.48 years, 177 women) were enrolled. Fever, dyspnea, weakness, shivering, C-reactive protein (CRP), fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, anosmia, ageusia, dizziness, sweating and age were the most important symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Traveling in past three months, asthma, taking corticosteroids, liver disease, rheumatological disease, cough with sputum, eczema, conjunctivitis, tobacco use, and chest pain did not have any relationship with COVID-19. Interpretation: Finding clinical symptoms for early diagnosis of COVID-19 is a critical part of prevention. These symptoms can help in the assessment of disease progression. To the best of our knowledge, some of the effective features on the mortality due to COVID-19 are investigated for the first time in this research. Funding: None url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20148569 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148569 id: cord-310740-7dong29x author: Alkeridy, Walid A. title: Reply to: Neurological, Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders During COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 words: 622.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310740-7dong29x.txt summary: Possibly, the mechanism proposed by Annweiler et al 1 pertaining to the nitric oxide track could explain the rapid improvement in our patient''s cognition following just a brief period of supportive management. [3] [4] [5] In fact, nitric oxide has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of delirium and cognitive impairment. 6, 7 Whether the nitric oxide track will prove to have a central role in the acute manifestations of COVID-19related cognitive impairment remains to be seen. 7 We propose that the underlying mechanism of COVID-19 central nervous system manifestation or delirium depends on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 activated molecular pathways and the individual related factors, including age, COVID-19 severity, individual''s underlying genetic susceptibility, vascular risk factors, premorbid cognitive function, use of certain medication, and comorbidities. 8 We propose possible mechanisms of COVID-19related cognitive dysfunction (Table 1) , which could help researchers in studying the specific pathways associated with each possible mechanism. cognitive and behavioral disorders during COVID-19: the nitric oxide track abstract: This letter comments on the letter by Cedric Annweiler url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583460/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16670 id: cord-325436-pp3q022y author: Alkhatib, Ahmad title: Antiviral Functional Foods and Exercise Lifestyle Prevention of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-28 words: 7472.0 sentences: 340.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325436-pp3q022y.txt summary: This review presents key evidence on how functional foods and lifestyle approaches, including physical activity, effective for cardiometabolic disease prevention outcomes [9] , can also optimize the immune system response to viral infection, especially respiratory tract infections and COVID-19. Enhancing the antiviral immune defence can benefit from the functional food intake of a considerable variety of plant, animal, and fungi species, consumed across different diets and cultural practices including traditional herbal medicine such as teas, roots, mushrooms, and fermented plants and leaves; MD components such as olive-based products, oily fish, seeds, fruits, and vegetables; popular beverages such as coffee; and protein-rich foods such as chicken extract and soybean peptides. Below is a review of popular foods within various dietary patterns, including olive oil nutraceuticals, popular vitamins such as vitamin D, traditional medicinal herbs and roots, and protein peptides for preventing viral infections including COVID-19, especially when they are adopted as part of an active lifestyle. abstract: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is causing global mortality and lockdown burdens. A compromised immune system is a known risk factor for all viral influenza infections. Functional foods optimize the immune system capacity to prevent and control pathogenic viral infections, while physical activity augments such protective benefits. Exercise enhances innate and adaptive immune systems through acute, transient, and long-term adaptations to physical activity in a dose-response relationship. Functional foods prevention of non-communicable disease can be translated into protecting against respiratory viral infections and COVID-19. Functional foods and nutraceuticals within popular diets contain immune-boosting nutraceuticals, polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, pigments, unsaturated fatty-acids, micronutrient vitamins and minerals, including vitamin A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, and trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper. Foods with antiviral properties include fruits, vegetables, fermented foods and probiotics, olive oil, fish, nuts and seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, amino acids, peptides, and cyclotides. Regular moderate exercise may contribute to reduce viral risk and enhance sleep quality during quarantine, in combination with appropriate dietary habits and functional foods. Lifestyle and appropriate nutrition with functional compounds may offer further antiviral approaches for public health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872374/ doi: 10.3390/nu12092633 id: cord-326709-zr3ju2rz author: Allali, Gilles title: Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 words: 273.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326709-zr3ju2rz.txt summary: authors: Allali, Gilles; Marti, Christophe; Grosgurin, Olivier; Morélot‐Panzini, Capucine; Similowski, Thomas; Adler, Dan title: Dyspnea: the vanished warning symptom of COVID‐19 pneumonia Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread worldwide, challenging the clinician and focusing the entire globe on critical illness high mortality. 3 The value of dyspnea, as a warning symptom in COVID-19 pneumonia, therefore seems low. Yet, dyspnea has been strongly associated with a poor prognosis in the general population, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and also in patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region -Case Series The neuro-invasiveness-related "vanishing" dyspnea hypothesis illustrates this dichotomy of having severe hypoxemia without dyspnea and may explain the high mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted (too late) in the ICU. abstract: Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread worldwide, challenging the clinician and focusing the entire globe on critical illness high mortality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26172 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26172 id: cord-283729-ekrcop2p author: Allam, Hassan H title: Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? date: 2020-05-12 words: 678.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283729-ekrcop2p.txt summary: title: Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate? There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented. The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described. INTRODUCTION Cardiac involvement has been described in patients with COVID-19 infection [1, 2] . There have been no previous reports on pericardial fluid characteristics in COVID-19 patients or on diagnostic criteria for determining whether such fluid is transudate or exudate. A 41-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with COVID-19 and pericardial effusion. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, we have described the first analysis of pericardial fluid in a COVID-19 patient with a large pericardial effusion. abstract: BACKGROUND: Very limited information is available on pericardial effusion as a complication of COVID-19 infection. There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. The pericardial fluid was drained. We present the laboratory findings to improve knowledge of this virus. DISCUSSION: We believe this is the first such reported case. Findings suggested the fluid was exudative, with remarkably high lactate dehydrogenase and albumin levels. We hope our data provide additional insight into the diagnosis and therapeutic options for managing this infection. LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented. The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32523923/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001703 id: cord-270721-81axdn0g author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Emergence of Voluntary Citizen Networks to Circumvent Urban Health Data Sharing Restrictions During Pandemics date: 2020-07-24 words: 5164.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270721-81axdn0g.txt summary: In view of required immediate actions, volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen science concept have emerged, where people voluntarily share location and health status data to circumvent data sharing restrictions imposed upon corporations and governments. With all these, in the case of COVID-19, startups engaged in providing more insights are observed to access data from those sources, including airline ticketing and from governments of different countries, and with these, they are able to run simulation and predictive algorithms to come up with conclusions guiding policy orientations. Such were shared by BlueDot and Metabiota, some of the modern startups that use data, and through advanced technologies, such as natural language processing and machine learning, they were able to predict some of the geographical location that the virus would spread next from Wuhan, days before first cases were reported in those regions. On the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Smart City Network: Universal Data Sharing Standards Coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Benefit Urban Health Monitoring and Management abstract: COVID-19 has impacted the global landscape well beyond initial estimates, impacting on both societal and economic fronts. Immediate responses by corporations and governments were geared toward building knowledge so that accurate and efficient programs could be devised toward curbing the impacts of the pandemic on society. However, one aspect to this was noted as to the limited availability of data sharing across platforms, systems, and jurisdictions, leading to limited datasets, hence, rendering inaccurate predictions that can be used to contain and limit the virus outbreak. In view of required immediate actions, volunteered geographic information (VGI) and citizen science concept have emerged, where people voluntarily share location and health status data to circumvent data sharing restrictions imposed upon corporations and governments. This is leading to more accurate predictions and supporting an emergence of alternative tools. This chapter explores this dimension and outlines how people, previously aggressively resisting data sharing, do so willingly in times of emergencies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012824313800005X doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00005-x id: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150 date: 2020-07-24 words: 17924.0 sentences: 938.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321194-xi4zy5ow.txt summary: The build-up to this global pandemic announcement saw a national wide lockdown declared in Italy on 9th following an uncontrollable and astronomic increase in the number of new cases and deaths in the country (BBC, 2020c) . As the situation escalated, with over 1000 confirmed cases in the country, and over 31 deaths from the virus, the National Basketball Association (NBA), one of the most popular and fancied sporting activity in North America abruptly suspended its season, as of March 11, when a player of the Utah Jazz tested positive for coronavirus, just before their game with Oklahoma City began (Cacciola and Deb, 2020) . While a majority of countries, especially in Europe writhed in desperation from the impacts of COVID-19, China reported a third consecutive day with no local new case of coronavirus (The straits Times, 2020c). abstract: This chapter surveys the global unfolding of events during the third 50 days of the COVID-19 pandemic that originated from China. The third 50 days of the unfolding of the events showcased how city-wide lockdowns were started to be considered globally, the moving of the epicenter from China to Europe, and major industries being impacted worldwide. To document this, an extensive review of the literature provides a daily overview of the situation covering health, economic, political, and social perspectives and outlines key events during the unfolding of the pandemic. This chapter surveys, and establishes a chronological timeline of the outbreak from day 50 to day 100, covering issues appertaining to health policy and dwells into socioeconomic measures and impacts during the unfolding of the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000036 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00003-6 id: cord-324198-b8f99z8r author: Allam, Zaheer title: Underlining the Role of Data Science and Technology in Supporting Supply Chains, Political Stability and Health Networks During Pandemics date: 2020-07-24 words: 6789.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324198-b8f99z8r.txt summary: Besides those, even when countries went on lockdown, the use of technology became even more apparent, as devices such as drones, robots, sensors, smart helmets, and thermal detectors were widely used for different purposes such as delivery, identifying potential coronavirus virus cases and other purposes (WHO, 2020b) . Going further, even post-COVID-19, the role of computation technologies will continue, especially in reevaluating the policy responses, and hence help different stakeholders to identify areas of weakness and how such could be strengthened in case of similar future major disruptive events. According to The World Bank (2020), data transparency not only would help in reducing political tension and win over the coronavirus but is also prerequisite in weathering down the economic shocks affecting the global economy, especially by helping enhancing trust in governments, hence promoting investments especially post-COVID-19. On the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Smart City Network: Universal Data Sharing Standards Coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Benefit Urban Health Monitoring and Management abstract: This concluding chapter explores how data science and technology has been key in fighting COVID-19 through early detection and in the devising of tools for containing the spread. Interestingly, two precedence constraints are seen to emerge. First, data-driven modeling is the leading policy at an urban and national level, and second, legislations, which are being passed at record speed, will remain as a legacy postvirus. It is expected that those will accelerate the digital transition of communities for decades to come and lead to a resurgence of the smart cities concept which peaked in 2015. This chapter thus outlines the increasing role of data science in health sciences, the need for more robust digital infrastructures, and the role of technology in supporting livability of communities and world order. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000103 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00010-3 id: cord-343021-gqem6bxj author: Allam, Zaheer title: Oil, Health Equipment, and Trade: Revisiting Political Economy and International Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 6023.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343021-gqem6bxj.txt summary: The disruptions came just when the consumer demand for different products in other countries from different parts of the world was on a high and rising as depicted in a "United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)" report showing that exports in 2019 grew by 9.7% in 2018, with China being the world''s leading merchandise trader of the year (UNCTAD, 2020). In other countries such as the United States, it was reported that the government was prompted to force, through an executive order, major companies such as General Motors (GM) to produce ventilators to help bridge the gap that the increasing confirmed cases for coronavirus created (Haynes, 2020) . In other places, such as in the oil-producing countries, including the United States, the impacts of COVID-19 on different economic sectors such as transport and manufacturing saw the demand for oil and oil products plummeting in rates not experienced in recent history. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic saw disruptions at an unprecedented global scale with deep societal impacts in cities, countries, and regions. Moreover, in a time of global urgent need for personal protective equipment, ventilators, and other health appliances and gear, both air and sea transport were halted, disconnecting manufacturing nations with consumer nations. With steep rise in demand, and impacted supply chains, nations, which were previously hailing collaborative calls to fight the pandemic, were seen to enter into a trade war of health equipment. With borders closed, nationalist policies were on the rise coupled with fears of tech-powered surveillance states. On the commodities market, the price of oil crashed leading to uncertainties as to the future for oil producing nations as the end point of the pandemic was still unclear. Altogether, the pandemic put on test not only economic structures but also geopolitical ones, where it is seen as the biggest challenge since World War II. This chapter surveys the impacts of the pandemic on the global political landscape and outlines concerns and questions for sustaining a peaceful shared future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128243138000097 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824313-8.00009-7 id: cord-312618-rxg7sjd9 author: Allcott, Hunt title: Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 9682.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312618-rxg7sjd9.txt summary: We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas with more Republicans engaged in less social distancing, controlling for other factors including public policies, population density, and local COVID cases and deaths. We then present new survey evidence of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic. To complement the data showing county-level differences in behavior, we use a nationally-representative survey to show that individual behavior and beliefs about social distancing are partisan. Appendix Figure A4 aggregates the number of POI visits at the electoral precinct level and shows similar partisan gaps, even when including county-time fixed effects. These measures are constructed as follows from the Daily Social Distancing SafeGraph data with observations at the census block group-day level for January 27 through July 12. abstract: Abstract We study partisan differences in Americans’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which Republicans and Democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce disease transmission. We develop a simple model of a pandemic response with heterogeneous agents that clarifies the causes and consequences of heterogeneous responses. We use location data from a large sample of smartphones to show that areas with more Republicans engaged in less social distancing, controlling for other factors including public policies, population density, and local COVID cases and deaths. We then present new survey evidence of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272720301183?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104254 id: cord-354236-vn45rnve author: Allegrante, John P. title: Preventing COVID-19 and Its Sequela: “There Is No Magic Bullet . . . It''s Just Behaviors” date: 2020-05-30 words: 2015.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354236-vn45rnve.txt summary: The nationwide prevention effort would be vastly strengthened if federal, state, and local governmental authorities utilized the full spectrum of health communication technologies to reach at-risk populations. 14, 15 The emerging effort by Michael Bloomberg to develop smartphone apps to trace every person who comes into contact with COVID-19-infected individuals is another example of how clever strategic use of digital technology could strengthen the national response. For example, interventions designed to change individual attitudes and behavior regarding social distancing may be more effective if they are congruent with government policy that supports it and a conducive workplace environment. If "it''s just behaviors," preventing further viral spread will require strengthening evidence-based behavioral change and implementation science strategies to effectively reach the large numbers of at-risk Americans who are anxiously navigating the difficult social terrain to keep themselves and their families safe from COVID-19 and its long-term sequela. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591282/ doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.004 id: cord-312754-3yhxcfr2 author: Allen, Bradley D. title: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) guidance for re-activation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance practice after peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 3679.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312754-3yhxcfr2.txt summary: This next phase requires further guidance on the safe and effective practice of CMR highlighted by continued timely performance of urgent CMR studies, including CMR in patients with COVID-19-related cardiac disease ( Fig. 1) , while slowly increasing the number of CMR studies performed in non-COVID patients with semi-urgent and elective indications. When evaluating the appropriate timing to scale up semi-urgent and elective procedures, CMR units should consider coordinating with local and state public health and hospital system officials to review the availability of PPE for staff and patients, testing capacity, CMR facility readiness including physical distancing preparedness in reception areas, and workforce availability (including technologists, nurses, and interpreting physicians). Patients whose CMR procedures were delayed as a result of the pandemic should also be prioritized as much as possible, but it is reasonable to re-assess the appropriateness of the exam and consider the availability or recent performance of alternative diagnostic modalities given the potentially long interval since the original imaging order was placed. abstract: During the peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, alterations of standard operating procedures were necessary for health systems to protect patients and healthcare workers and ensure access to vital hospital resources. As the peak phase passes, re-activation plans are required to safely manage increasing clinical volumes. In the context of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), re-activation objectives include continued performance of urgent CMR studies and resumption of CMR in patients with semi-urgent and elective indications in an environment that is safe for both patients and health care workers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32772930/ doi: 10.1186/s12968-020-00654-8 id: cord-332175-d5suvj8g author: Allen, Jawara title: My Future in Medicine: How COVID-19 Is Inspiring the Next Generation of Infectious Disease Specialists date: 2020-04-11 words: 1246.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332175-d5suvj8g.txt summary: Three weeks later-on the day I was scheduled to start the clinical portion of my medical training-there were 418 700 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally [1] . By that time, many courses had started remote instruction, most research laboratories had been closed to all nonessential personnel, and medical school core clerkships had been temporarily canceled, all in an effort to decrease student exposure to COVID-19 and help "flatten the curve. But as a medical student eager to reenter the world of clinical care, the personal stories from the communities that would be most impacted by this relentless pathogen soon consumed my thoughts. Few other events before have so poignantly highlighted the global nature of health, the vulnerability of certain populations around the world, and the need for more infectious disease specialists. But the importance of infectious disease specialists will not end once the number of newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases starts to decrease. To protect those communities, we need more infectious disease specialists. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277235/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa178 id: cord-268638-3lz60dyd author: Allen, Joshua C. title: Dispatches from the Frontlines: A Critical Care Nurse''s Response to COVID19 date: 2020-06-06 words: 1494.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268638-3lz60dyd.txt summary: As part of this unit,I''ve donned PPE and participated in countless training exercises, and prepared other clinicians to safely care for people with highly pathogenic infectious diseases.What followed the activation alert, however, was a dynamic interplay between deliberate biosafety methodologies and rapid, reflexive critical care interventions as my teammates and I navigated a novel, burgeoning health threat that called for a whole-system response.As this pandemic continues to exact a grave toll on healthcare workers, our families and our communities, politicians have asked, "How could we have seen this coming?" "As a pandemic preparedness researcher, my question to them is, "How could you not have seen this coming?" This perspective piece argues that despite the many missed opportunities to prepare for this crisis, the greatest opportunities lie ahead of us if we choose today to invest in pandemic preparedness for tomorrow. abstract: Abstract The emergency alert that appeared on my phone read “SCDU Activation,” indicating Emory University Hospital's Serious Communicable Diseases Unit had just been pulled into the battle against COVID-19. As part of this unit,I've donned PPE and participated in countless training exercises, and prepared other clinicians to safely care for people with highly pathogenic infectious diseases.What followed the activation alert, however, was a dynamic interplay between deliberate biosafety methodologies and rapid, reflexive critical care interventions as my teammates and I navigated a novel, burgeoning health threat that called for a whole-system response.As this pandemic continues to exact a grave toll on healthcare workers, our families and our communities, politicians have asked, “How could we have seen this coming?” “As a pandemic preparedness researcher, my question to them is, “How could you not have seen this coming?” This perspective piece argues that despite the many missed opportunities to prepare for this crisis, the greatest opportunities lie ahead of us if we choose today to invest in pandemic preparedness for tomorrow. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32624237/ doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.009 id: cord-352193-izzqdg3v author: Allen, M. title: Organising outpatient dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A simulation and mathematical modelling study. date: 2020-04-27 words: 4280.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352193-izzqdg3v.txt summary: A second Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model estimated the feasibility of patient transport plans and relaxing the current policy of single COVID-19 patient transport to allow up to four infected patients at a time. Conclusions Discrete-event simulation simulation and Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model provides a useful method for stress-testing inpatient and outpatient clinical systems prior to peak COVID-19 workloads. At the peak of infection, it is predicted there will be up to 140 COVID-19 positive patients with 40 to 90 of these as inpatients, likely breaching current inpatient capacity (and possibly leading to a need for temporary movement of dialysis equipment). These include separation of COVID-positive and COVID-negative patients; dialysis units working with transport providers to minimise the risk of cross-infection; and continuing to treat patients as close to home as possible. The dialysis model runs through a defined period (e.g. one year) and simulates the progression of patients through phases of COVID infection: negative, positive (with some requiring inpatient care) and recovered or died. abstract: Background This study presents two simulation modelling tools to support the organisation of networks of dialysis services during the COVID-19 pandemic. These tools were developed to support renal services in the South of England (the Wessex region caring for 650 patients), but are applicable elsewhere. Methods A discrete-event simulation was used to model a worst case spread of COVID-19 (80% infected over three months), to stress-test plans for dialysis provision throughout the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the ability of the system to manage the mix of COVID-19 positive and negative patients, and examined the likely effects on patients, outpatient workloads across all units, and inpatient workload at the centralised COVID-positive inpatient unit. A second Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model estimated the feasibility of patient transport plans and relaxing the current policy of single COVID-19 patient transport to allow up to four infected patients at a time. Results If current outpatient capacity is maintained there is sufficient capacity in the South of England to keep COVID-19 negative/recovered and positive patients in separate sessions, but rapid reallocation of patients may be needed (as sessions are cleared of negative/recovered patients to enable that session to be dedicated to positive patients). Outpatient COVID-19 cases will spillover to a secondary site while other sites will experience a reduction in workload. The primary site chosen to manage infected patients will experience a significant increase in outpatients and in-patients. At the peak of infection, it is predicted there will be up to 140 COVID-19 positive patients with 40 to 90 of these as inpatients, likely breaching current inpatient capacity (and possibly leading to a need for temporary movement of dialysis equipment). Patient transport services will also come under considerable pressure. If patient transport operates on a policy of one positive patient at a time, and two-way transport is needed, a likely scenario estimates 80 ambulance drive time hours per day (not including fixed drop-off and ambulance cleaning times). Relaxing policies on individual patient transport to 2-4 patients per trip can save 40-60% of drive time. In mixed urban/rural geographies steps may need to be taken to temporarily accommodate renal COVID-19 positive patients closer to treatment facilities. Conclusions Discrete-event simulation simulation and Monte-Carlo vehicle routing model provides a useful method for stress-testing inpatient and outpatient clinical systems prior to peak COVID-19 workloads. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20075457v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075457 id: cord-342984-3qbvlbwo author: Allington, Daniel title: Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency date: 2020-06-09 words: 3857.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342984-3qbvlbwo.txt summary: METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys of social media use, conspiracy beliefs and health-protective behaviours with regard to COVID-19 among UK residents were carried out online, one using a self-selecting sample (N = 949) and two using stratified random samples from a recruited panel (N = 2250, N = 2254). We report on three online questionnaire surveys of engagement in COVID-19-specific health-protective behaviours, use of social media as a source of information about COVID-19, and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, defined as beliefs which entail that the COVID-19 public health critis was produced through intentional agency (whether through manufacture of the coronavirus or through deliberate exaggeration or incorrect attribution of negative health outcomes). There was a much stronger and more significant negative relationship between use of social media as a source of knowledge about COVID-19 and engagement in health-protective behaviours, U(N1 = 1603, N2 = 563) = 342 191.5, p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.35-0.41). abstract: BACKGROUND: Social media platforms have long been recognised as major disseminators of health misinformation. Many previous studies have found a negative association between health-protective behaviours and belief in the specific form of misinformation popularly known as ‘conspiracy theory’. Concerns have arisen regarding the spread of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media. METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys of social media use, conspiracy beliefs and health-protective behaviours with regard to COVID-19 among UK residents were carried out online, one using a self-selecting sample (N = 949) and two using stratified random samples from a recruited panel (N = 2250, N = 2254). RESULTS: All three studies found a negative relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 health-protective behaviours, and a positive relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and use of social media as a source of information about COVID-19. Studies 2 and 3 also found a negative relationship between COVID-19 health-protective behaviours and use of social media as a source of information, and Study 3 found a positive relationship between health-protective behaviours and use of broadcast media as a source of information. CONCLUSIONS: When used as an information source, unregulated social media may present a health risk that is partly but not wholly reducible to their role as disseminators of health-related conspiracy beliefs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513320/ doi: 10.1017/s003329172000224x id: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj author: Almazrou, Saja H. title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-01 words: 3011.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt summary: title: Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study Despite the recommendation to use HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the MOH protocol, no observational studies or RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the Saudi Arabian population have been published. Therefore, the objective of this observational study is to compare the effects of HCQ and standard care (SC) on length of hospital stay, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation use among COVID-19 patients. Collected data included patients'' basic information (e.g. age, gender, nationality); medication prescribed; and information on hospitalization, cases requiring ICU care, and mechanical ventilation. Despite the shorter length of hospital stay and time in ICU among patients who received HCQ based treatment, as well as the smaller proportions of patients who needed ICU care and mechanical ventilation in this group, the results indicated no significant differences in these outcomes between the two cohorts. abstract: Background Pharmacological treatments including antivirals (Lopinavir/Ritonavir), Immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory drugs including, Tocilizumab and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been widely investigated as a treatment for COVID-19. Despite the ongoing controversies, HCQ was recommended for managing mild to moderate cases in Saudi Arabia . However, to our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess its effectiveness. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cohort study involving 161 patients with COVID-19 was conducted from March 1 to May 20, 2020. The study was conducted at Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz Hospital (PMAH). The population included hospitalized adults (age ≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Each eligible patient was followed from the time of admission until the time of discharge. Patients were classified into two groups according to treatment type: in the HCQ group, patients were treated with HCQ; in the SC group, patients were treated with other antiviral or antibacterial treatments according to Ministry of Health (MOH) protocols The outcomes were hospitalization days, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. We estimated the differences in hospital length of stay and time in the ICU between the HCQ group and the standard care (SC) group using a multivariate generalized linear regression. The differences in ICU admission and mechanical ventilation were compared via logistic regression. All models were adjusted for age and gender variables. Results A total of 161 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Approximately 59% (n=95) received HCQ-based treatment, and 41% (n=66) received SC. Length of hospital stay and time in ICU in for patients who received HCQ based treatment was shorter than those who received SC. Similarly, there was less need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation among patients who received HCQ based treatment compared with SC, (8.6% vs. 10.7 and 3.1% vs. 9.1%). However, the regression analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of patient outcomes. Conclusion HCQ had a modest effect on hospital length stay and days in ICU compared with SC. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution. Larger observational studies and RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the Saudi population are urgently needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020690/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.019 id: cord-312960-i3l8lh4e author: Almeshari, M. A. title: Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 words: 4621.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312960-i3l8lh4e.txt summary: Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID19 patients were included in the review. A narrative synthesis was carried out to assess the proportion of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, when IMV was initiated after symptom onset, and for how long patients received IMV until either clinical improvement or death. Five studies assessed the characteristics and outcomes of severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 and reported the proportion of patients requiring IMV. None of the included studies were designed to assess the effectiveness of IMV modalities in COVID-19 patients, but 3 studies reported some IMV settings. The overall published studies included in this systematic review suggested that only a small proportion of COVID-19 patients required IMV. However, the characteristics of patients that received IMV were not reported in all studies and the protocols for assessing when IMV use was required and ventilatory strategies or settings were not discussed. abstract: Background: In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic with a viral infection called COVID19. The disease usually causes respiratory symptoms but in a small proportion of patients can lead to pneumonitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and death. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is considered a life-saving treatment for COVID19 patients and a huge demand for IMV devices was reported globally. This review aims to provide insight into the initial IMV practices for COVID19 patients in the initial phase of the pandemic. Methods: Electronic databases (Embase and MEDLINE) were searched for applicable articles using relevant keywords. The references of included articles were hand searched. Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID19 patients were included in the review. The NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to appraise studies. Results: 106 abstracts were identified from the databases search, of which 16 were included. 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 9988 patients were included across all studies. The overall cases of COVID-19 requiring IMV ranged from 2-77%. Increased age and pre-existing comorbidities increased the likelihood of IMV requirement. The reported mortality rate in patients receiving IMV ranged between 50-100%. On average, IMV was required and initiated between 10-17 days from symptoms onset. When ventilated, COVID19 patients required IMV for a median of 10-17 days across studies. Little information was provided on ventilatory protocols or management strategies. Conclusion: In these initial reporting studies for the first month of the pandemic, patients receiving IMV were older and had more pre-existing co-morbidities than those who did not require IMV. The mortality rate was high in COVID19 patients who received IMV. Studies are needed to evaluate protocols and modalities of IMV to improve outcomes and identify the populations most likely to benefit from IMV. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20122069v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122069 id: cord-103659-wpwfqhp2 author: Almqvist, J. title: Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections: a systematic review date: 2020-09-01 words: 6075.0 sentences: 463.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103659-wpwfqhp2.txt summary: In order to optimize diagnostic workup of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, we systematically reviewed neurological and neuroradiological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and all other known human coronavirus species (HCoV). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182196 doi: medRxiv preprint symptoms/complications, neuropathological findings and/or neuroimaging findings associated to acute or prior coronavirus infection. Several case reports, comprising a total of 11 patients, described neurological complications in SARS-CoV-1, among them critical illness neuro-/myopathy, seizures, persistent sleeping difficulties, persistent anosmia, delirium and generalized pain (Table e-6). Several common neurological symptoms among SARS-CoV-2 patients have been described in these studies, such as fatigue (44 -64% of patients), 42 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Retrospective Observational Study of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurological Manifestations abstract: In order to optimize diagnostic workup of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, we systematically reviewed neurological and neuroradiological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and all other known human coronavirus species (HCoV). Which lessons can we learn? We identified relevant publications (until July 26h 2020) using systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science and Ovid EMBASE with predefined search strings. A total of 4571 unique publications were retrieved, out of which 378 publications were selected for in-depth analysis by two raters, including a total of 17549 (out of which were 14418 SARS-CoV-2) patients. Neurological complications and associated neuroradiological manifestations are prevalent for all HCoVs (HCoV-229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2). Moreover, there are similarities in symptomatology across different HCoVs, particularly between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Common neurological manifestations include fatigue, headache and smell/taste disorders. Additionally, clinicians need to be attentive for at least five classes of neurological complications: (1) Cerebrovascular disorders including ischemic stroke and macro/micro-hemorrhages, (2) encephalopathies, (3) para-/postinfectious immune-mediated complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, (4) (meningo-)encephalitis, potentially with concomitant seizures and (5) neuropsychiatric complications such as psychosis and mood disorders. Our systematic review highlights the need for vigilance regarding neurological complications in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs, especially since some complications may result in chronic disability. Neuroimaging protocols should be designed to specifically screen for these complications. Therefore, we propose practical imaging guidelines to facilitate the diagnostic workup and monitoring of patients infected with HCoVs. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.26.20182196v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182196 id: cord-341580-ymzlhsai author: Almskog, L. title: Rotational Thromboelastometry predicts care level in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 3204.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341580-ymzlhsai.txt summary: Results The ROTEM variables Maximum Clot Firmness (EXTEM-MCF and FIBTEM-MCF) were significantly higher in both groups of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and higher in severely ill patients compared with patients at regular wards (p<0.05). Conclusion ROTEM variables (EXTEM-MCF, FIBTEM-MCF, EXTEM-CT, EXTEM-CFT) were significantly different in COVID-19 patients early after admission compared with healthy controls. Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly longer coagulation time compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and that subjects treated at specialized wards had longer coagulation time compared with subjects treated at regular wards (p<0.001) ( Figure 1A ). Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly shorter clot formation time compared to healthy controls (p<0.001) ( Figure 1C ). Post-hoc pairwise Wilcoxon tests showed that COVID-19 patients (both care levels) had significantly increased maximum clot amplitude compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and that subjects treated at specialized wards had increased maximum clot amplitude compared with subjects treated at regular wards (p=0.04) ( Figure 1D ). abstract: Background High rates of thrombotic events in severely ill COVID-19 patients have been reported. Pulmonary embolism as well as microembolisation of vital organs may be direct causes of death in COVID-19 positive individuals. If patients at high risk of developing thrombosis may be identified early, more effective prophylactic treatment could be applied. Objectives To test whether Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) indicates hypercoagulopathy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and whether patients with severe disease have a more pronounced hypercoagulopathy compared with less severely ill patients. Methods COVID-19 positive patients over 18 years admitted to St Gorans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden were eligible for inclusion. Patients were divided into two groups depending on care level: 1) regular wards or 2) wards with specialized ventilation support. ROTEM was taken as soon after admission to hospital as possible (median day 1 after hospitalization). The data were compared with healthy controls. Results The ROTEM variables Maximum Clot Firmness (EXTEM-MCF and FIBTEM-MCF) were significantly higher in both groups of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (p<0.001) and higher in severely ill patients compared with patients at regular wards (p<0.05). Coagulation Time (EXTEM-CT) was significantly longer and Clot Formation Time (EXTEM-CFT) significantly shorter in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls. Our results suggest that hypercoagulopathy is present in hospitalized patients with mild to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion ROTEM variables (EXTEM-MCF, FIBTEM-MCF, EXTEM-CT, EXTEM-CFT) were significantly different in COVID-19 patients early after admission compared with healthy controls. This pattern was more pronounced in patients with increased disease severity, suggesting that ROTEM-analysis could be a potentially useful predictor of thromboembolic complications and mortality in these patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.20128710v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128710 id: cord-353659-wtacr6qj author: Almutairi, Nawaf title: Coronavirus Disease‐2019 with Dermatologic Manifestations and Implications: An Unfolding Conundrum date: 2020-05-09 words: 1026.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353659-wtacr6qj.txt summary: As a nosocomial infection for hospital and nursing home patients and health care workers, it represents an extraordinary challenge. Lungs are the most severely affected organ by COVID-19 because the virus enters the host cells via the integral membrane protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is attached to cellular membranes in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. A study of 663 COVID-19 patients from Wuhan, China stressed that patients more than 60 years old and those with chronic diseases were at enhanced risk of severe COVID-19, and more likely to die (43). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has caused Coronavirus Disease‐2019, widely known as COVID‐19, now a pandemic with extraordinary infectivity, mortality, and fomite adhesiveness. As a nosocomial infection for hospital and nursing home patients and health care workers, it represents an extraordinary challenge. The cutaneous markers of this pandemic are being elucidated with preliminary experiences being shared and rapidly communicated. We will review COVID‐19 from both a dermatologic and public health perspective. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13544 doi: 10.1111/dth.13544 id: cord-262169-5x2oop1g author: Alola, Andrew Adewale title: The nCOVID-19 and financial stress in the USA: health is wealth date: 2020-10-08 words: 3186.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262169-5x2oop1g.txt summary: By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA'' economic policy uncertainty. Giving that only a sparse study such as Nicola et al (2020) has explored the economic aspects of COVID-19, the novelty of the current study is expected to close the existing gap in the literature through the following approaches: (i) the examining of the impact of daily deaths from COVID-19, daily recoveries from COVID-19, and economic uncertainty on financial stress, (ii) illustrating with empirical evidence of the states of financial stress with the regime switching approach of Markov-Switch regression technique, and (iii) the use of daily frequency and quite up-to-date data spanning the period 25 February 2020-30 March 2020. abstract: Since its first report in the USA on 13 January 2020, the novel coronavirus (nCOVID-19) pandemic like in other previous epicentres in India, Brazil, China, Italy, Spain, UK, and France has until now hampered economic activities and financial markets. To offer one of the first empirical insights into the economic/financial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the USA, this study utilized the daily frequency data for the period 25 February 2020–30 March 2020. By employing the empirical Markov switching regression approach and the compliments of cointegration techniques, the study establishes a two-state (stable and distressing) financial stress situation resulting from the effects of COVID-19 daily deaths, COVID-19 daily recovery, and the USA’ economic policy uncertainty. From the result, it is assertive that daily recovery from COVID-19 eases financial stress, while the reported daily deaths from COVID-19 further hamper financial stress in the country. Moreover, the uncertainty of the USA’ economic policy has also cost the Americans more financial stress and other socio-economic challenges. While the cure for COVID-19 remains elusive, as a policy instrument, the USA and similar countries with high severity of COVID-19 causalities may intensify and sustain the concerted efforts targeted at attaining a landmark recovery rate. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01029-w id: cord-247059-uez654q2 author: Alom, Md Zahangir title: COVID_MTNet: COVID-19 Detection with Multi-Task Deep Learning Approaches date: 2020-04-07 words: 4709.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-247059-uez654q2.txt summary: We employ our Inception Residual Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning (TL) approach for COVID-19 detection and our NABLA-N network model for segmenting the regions infected by COVID-19. For chest X-ray image analysis, due to the scarcity of publicly available COVID-19 X-ray samples, we have trained our model with a pneumonia dataset, and then utilized a Transfer Learning (TL) method for retraining with samples of COVID-19. • The proposed methods are evaluated for both Xray and CT images and achieved promising results for COVID-19 detection and infected region localization tasks. The qualitative results clearly demonstrate that the proposed model is able to segment and detect contaminated regions of COVID-19 accurately from the chest X-ray images. The quantitative and qualitative results clearly show that the proposed classification and segmentation for X-ray images demonstrate promising performance in detection and infected region extraction. abstract: COVID-19 is currently one the most life-threatening problems around the world. The fast and accurate detection of the COVID-19 infection is essential to identify, take better decisions and ensure treatment for the patients which will help save their lives. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient way to identify COVID-19 patients with multi-task deep learning (DL) methods. Both X-ray and CT scan images are considered to evaluate the proposed technique. We employ our Inception Residual Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network with Transfer Learning (TL) approach for COVID-19 detection and our NABLA-N network model for segmenting the regions infected by COVID-19. The detection model shows around 84.67% testing accuracy from X-ray images and 98.78% accuracy in CT-images. A novel quantitative analysis strategy is also proposed in this paper to determine the percentage of infected regions in X-ray and CT images. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate promising results for COVID-19 detection and infected region localization. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03747v3.pdf doi: nan id: cord-345040-cuau2dcy author: Alom, Samiha title: Use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients: Does the evidence suffice? date: 2020-07-30 words: 2704.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345040-cuau2dcy.txt summary: In March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) released interim guidelines that advocate the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support the cardiorespiratory system in patients who fail maximal conventional therapies with ARDS [4] . We have performed a comprehensive electronic literature search following ''Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalysis'' (PRISMA) guidelines and using key words ''COVID-19'' ''SARS-CoV2'' ''Coronavirus'' ''ECMO'' ''Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation'' ''VA-ECMO'' ''VV-ECMO'' ''Outcomes'' ''Respiratory support'' ''circulatory support'' either as MeSH terms or in the combined key-word formats. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis which included the CESAR [31] and EOLIA [32] trials amongst others, the use of VV-ECMO in acute severe respiratory failure was associated with a 60-day reduced mortality (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.92) when compared with conventional mechanical ventilation [33] . Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.070 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.070 id: cord-333696-3ci9re9a author: Alomari, Safwan O. title: COVID-19 and the Central Nervous System date: 2020-08-04 words: 4407.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333696-3ci9re9a.txt summary: Li and colleagues (2020) have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 can enter the brain, and it might be the cause of the respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 [25] . Recently, Olds & Kabbani (2020) raised the question of nicotine associated neurological comorbidity in COVID19 patients depending on published evidence that the viral target receptor J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ACE2 is expressed in the brain and functionally interacts with nAChRs [29, 30] . This was the first reported case of MERS associated with coronavirus infection, which adds to the expanding list of differential diagnoses to be considered in a COVID-19 patient with neurological signs, most notably; cerebellar ataxia and disturbance in consciousness [49, 52, 53] . Laboratory work-up was negative for influenza, with the diagnosis of COVID-19 made by detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) PCR. abstract: • As the number of patients with COVID-19 is increasing worldwide, it is necessary to stress on the importance of the atypical clinical presentations (including those related to the nervous system) of COVID-19 infection, since they might be the initial manifestations. • Literature on this regard should be sent by the international and local health committees to all health-care providers during this COVID -19 pandemic, to make sure that all providers are well informed and aware of these cases. • More studies are deeply needed to enable the concerned committees to make evidence-based guidelines for prevention, early detection and appropriate management of these cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828027/ doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106116 id: cord-272933-b2phq37e author: Alonso Tabares, Diego title: An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date: 2020-10-08 words: 6828.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt summary: This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. First, preparing to restart and recover aviation to normal traffic levels; then, being ready for the next health crisis and secure passenger confidence in air travel (IATA, 2020b) . The companies working at the airport terminal building premises (airports, airlines, ground handlers, national agencies, subcontracted personnel, retailers …) are implementing the following measures to continue or resume operations (ACI-Europe, 2020; Changi airport, 2020; U.S. Department of Transportation, 2020), to prevent the spread of COVID-19: -Cleaning and sanitizing: enhancing sanitation of floors, carpets, high-contact areas … also, providing hand sanitizers and wipes for facility users. Its success will depend on technical advances on infectious detection means, acceptance to replace quarantines by testing, build of appropriate industry standards and State regulations, adequate health screening responsibility management, public opinion and support by all the air travel stakeholders. abstract: The aviation industry needs to work on the resilience of air travel against health threats and regain passenger trust. This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. This research shows that infectious disease detection methods applicable at the airport could be available in a short timeframe, at affordable cost and in scale. The potential location of passenger health screening, facilitation requirements, health responsibilities delegation and appropriate usage of industry standards for regulations are key elements to a potential implementation that would be phased and long term. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101943 doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101943 id: cord-277717-q6jbu0r3 author: Alonso, J. title: Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-10-30 words: 5061.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277717-q6jbu0r3.txt summary: Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses including studies on health care workers have documented that the first wave of the COVID-19 was associated with an increase of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and burnout, as well as other adverse psychosocial outcomes. Notwithstanding the limitations, our study shows a high prevalence of current mental disorders among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1 in 7 presenting a disabling mental disorder. abstract: Introduction: Healthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of COVID-19. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain. Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Here we report: current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8 [≥] 10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7 [≥] 10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -PTSD- [PCL-5 [≥] 7]; and Substance Use Disorder -SUD-[CAGE-AID[≥]2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify "disabling" current mental disorders. Results: 9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Healthcare workers with prior lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence of current disorders than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Conclusions: Current mental disorders were very frequent among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19. As the pandemic enters its second wave, careful monitoring and support is needed for healthcare workers, especially those with previous mental disorders and those caring COVID-19 very often. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220731 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220731 id: cord-294768-bs6thjw2 author: Alonso-Fernández, Alberto title: Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study date: 2020-08-25 words: 4652.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294768-bs6thjw2.txt summary: title: Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and high D-dimer values: A prospective study CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and D-dimer values higher than 1 μg/mL presented a high prevalence of PE, regardless of clinical suspicion. [12] found, in a retrospective study in 184 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, a high prevalence of thrombotic complications and, by far, pulmonary embolism (PE) was the most frequent. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 pneumonia with high D-dimer values: A prospective study procoagulant (D-dimer) markers that correlated with the extend of the thromboembolic episode compared to those patients without PE. We included patients with D-dimer values higher than 1 μg/mL, which have been associated with disease severity and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 pneumonia with high D-dimer values: A prospective study of our patients, allocated in the non-PE group, was not on enoxaparin prophylaxis during hospitalization. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is associated to systemic hyper-inflammation and abnormal coagulation profile. D-dimer elevation is particularly frequent, and values higher than 1μg/mL have been associated with disease severity and in-hospital mortality. Previous retrospective studies found a high pulmonary embolism (PE) prevalence, however, it should be highlighted that diagnoses were only completed when PE was clinically suspected. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-center prospective cohort study. Between April 6(th) and April 17(th) 2020, consecutive confirmed cases of COVID-19 pneumonia with D-dimer >1 μg/mL underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to investigate the presence and magnitude of PE. Demographic and laboratory data, comorbidities, CTPA scores, administered treatments, and, clinical outcomes were analysed and compared between patients with and without PE. RESULTS: Thirty consecutive patients (11 women) were included. PE was diagnosed in 15 patients (50%). In patients with PE, emboli were located mainly in segmental arteries (86%) and bilaterally (60%). Patients with PE were significantly older (median age 67.0 (IQR 63.0–73.0) vs. 57.0 (IQR 48.0–69.0) years, p = .048) and did not differ in sex or risk factors for thromboembolic disease from the non-PE group. D-dimer, platelet count, and, C reactive protein values were significantly higher among PE patients. D-dimer values correlated with the radiologic magnitude of PE (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and D-dimer values higher than 1 μg/mL presented a high prevalence of PE, regardless of clinical suspicion. We consider that these findings could contribute to improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, by initiating anticoagulant therapy when a PE is found. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238216 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238216 id: cord-337727-i0urwkcj author: Aloysius, Mark M. title: COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-05-08 words: 252.0 sentences: 21.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337727-i0urwkcj.txt summary: key: cord-337727-i0urwkcj title: COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis cord_uid: i0urwkcj The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread over 200 countries worldwide, affecting >2 million people and >120,000 deaths. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 who presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) without any other risk factors. COVID-19 pathogenesis is thought to be mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor on the host cells, which are highly expressed in the pancreatic islets (4) Although clear pathogenesis is unknown, AP in COVID19 could occur due to the direct cytopathic effect of local SARS-CoV-2 replication or indirectly by harmful immune response induced by the virus. Nevertheless, our understanding of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 continues to progress, and this case illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 can precipitate AP in the setting of COVID-19. Pancreatitis and cholecystitis in primary acute symptomatic Epstein-Barr virus infection -Systematic review of the literature abstract: The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread over 200 countries worldwide, affecting >2 million people and >120,000 deaths. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and fever. However, gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being recognized. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 who presented with acute pancreatitis (AP) without any other risk factors. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S142439032030154X doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.003 id: cord-280914-6k8gpp4y author: Alpaslan Kocamemi, B. title: First Data-Set on SARS-CoV-2 Detection for Istanbul Wastewaters in Turkey date: 2020-05-06 words: 2156.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280914-6k8gpp4y.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than those of inlet of WWTPs. The observed copy numbers were presented against the number of Covid-19 cases coming to the WWTP per treatment plant capacity. SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than those of inlet of WWTPs. The observed copy numbers were presented against the number of Covid-19 cases coming to the WWTP per treatment plant capacity. SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, sewage, wastewater, RT-qPCR, virus concentration, PEG SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than inlet of WWTPs. Terkos wastewater sample has the highest Case number (person)/WWTP flow (m3/d), but SARS-CoV-2 virus was not detected. So far, ultracentrifugation [6] , Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) adsorption [5] , electronegative membrane [3] and ultrafiltration [3, 4, 8] methods were used for SARS-CoV-2 concentration from wastewater samples. Time course quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Parisian wastewaters correlates with COVID-19 confirmed cases abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and became a global pandemic [1]. By 26 April 2020, more than 2.9 million people were infected by SARS-CoV-2 and over 203 thousand people lost their life globally. By 26 April 2020, 107773 confirmed cases were reported in Turkey with 2706 deaths. Majority of the cases in Turkey has been observed in Istanbul. In the world, the duration of availability of SARS-CoV-2 was found to be significantly longer in stool samples than in respiratory and serum samples [2]. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in wastewaters in Australia [3], Netherlands [4], USA [5], France [6], Spain [7] and USA [8] by using different virus concentration techniques. In this work, Istanbul metropole with 65 % of Covid-19 cases was chosen as the pilot city. On the 21st of April 2020, 24-hr composite samples were collected from the Ambarli, Pasakoy and Kadikoy wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). On the 25th of April 2020, more wastewater samples were taken from Terkos, Buyukcekmece, Baltalimani and Tuzla WWTPs. These wastewater treatment plants were selected among 81 plants in Istanbul in order to take representative samples from 4 different districts of Istanbul according to the severity of Covid-19 cases, like very serious, serious, moderate and mild. Grab samples were also collected from Bagcilar and Kartal manholes located nearby the pandemic hospitals on April 21st, 2020. Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) adsorption [5] SARS-Cov-2 concentration method was used for SARS-CoV-2 concentration after optimization. Real time RT-PCR diagnostic panel validated by US was used to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw sewage taken from the inlets of treatment plants and manholes. Five samples out of seven from wastewater and all samples from manholes were tested positive. SARS-CoV-2 in raw sewage from Ambarli, Pasakoy, Kadikoy, Terkos, Buyukcekmece, Baltalimani and Tuzla WWTPs were found as 8.26x103, 1.80x104, ND, ND, 3.73x103, 4.95x103, 2.89x103, respectively. The Bagcilar and Kartal manholes nearby pandemic hospitals exhibited 4.49x104 and 9.33x104, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 virus titers of manhole were higher than those of inlet of WWTPs. The observed copy numbers were presented against the number of Covid-19 cases coming to the WWTP per treatment plant capacity. Quantitative measurements of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be used as a tool in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and it can provide information about SARS-CoV-2 distribution in wastewater of various districts of Istanbul which exhibit different scores of Covid-19 cases. The distribution of epidemy was followed not only with blood test but with wastewater monitoring. This may allow us to identify the districts not exhibiting many Covid-19 cases, but under high risk. Continuous monitoring of wastewater for SARS-Cov-2 may provide an early warning signs before an epidemy starts in case of infection resurge. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089417 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089417 id: cord-287321-1ro10ujr author: Alpaydin, Aylin Ozgen title: Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis of Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Viruses in the Era of Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 words: 3288.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287321-1ro10ujr.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Following the announcement of first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) case on March 11, 2020, in Turkey we aimed to report the co‐infection rates, and the clinical, laboratory, radiological distinctive features of viral pneumonia caused by viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 originated human disease named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) changes from little to no symptoms to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome 4 . Under these conditions; it was aimed to report the co-infection rates, the prevalence, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogens in a teaching hospital organized as a pandemic hospital immediately at the beginning of the pandemic in Turkey. Radiological assessments for the more frequently identified Non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens (both metapneumovirus and rhinovirus) were compatible with indeterminate or atypical for COVID-19 disease. Some clinical, laboratory and especially radiological findings may aid in the differential diagnosis of non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens from COVID-19. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Following the announcement of first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) case on March 11, 2020, in Turkey we aimed to report the co‐infection rates, and the clinical, laboratory, radiological distinctive features of viral pneumonia caused by viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). METHODS: A cross‐sectional study was conducted between 18 and 31 March 2020. COVID‐19 suspected cases admitted to pandemic policlinic who had nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested for both SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viral pathogens were included. RESULTS: Within 112 patients SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in 34 (30%). Among the non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses (n=25, 22%), metapneumovirus (n=10), was the most frequent agent. There were two co‐infections with SARS‐CoV‐2. Sputum was less in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group (p=0.003). The leukocyte, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte count and C‐reactive protein levels were lowest in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group (p<0.001, p=0.04, p<0.001, p=0.007 respectively). Peripheral involvement (80% vs. 20%, p=<0.001), pure ground‐glass opacity (65% vs. 33%, p=0.04), apicobasal gradient (60% vs. 40%, p=0.08), involvement of ≥3 lobes (80% vs. 40%, OR:6.0, 95%CI,1.33‐27.05, p=0.02) and consolidation with accompanying ground‐glass opacity (4% vs. 33%, p=0.031) were more common in SARS‐CoV‐2 group. CONCLUSION: Some clinical, laboratory and radiological findings may help in the differential diagnosis of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses from COVID‐19. However, co‐infections may occur, and a non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogen positivity does not exclude accompanying COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770738/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26410 id: cord-029967-dnyhn4bt author: Alpert, Joseph S. title: We Will Never Give Up date: 2020-08-01 words: 688.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 76.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029967-dnyhn4bt.txt summary: For the last three and a half months, we have been two of the foot soldiers in the war against the COVID-19. We have not been working directly on the four COVID wards in our university hospital, but have been battling just behind the front lines on our internal medicine and cardiology care unit and inpatient services. Like the English referred to in Churchill''s quotation, we will continue to fight on many fronts and will never give up or surrender to the COVID-19 forces currently raging among us. The information and knowledge gained about COVID-19 is being passed on, from country to country, state to state, hospital to hospital, as "health soldiers" are fighting to keep patients safe. Currently, this song represents our expectation of eventual victory over the COVID-19 pandemic. Just like the Nazi Third Reich, the COVID-19 also represent a real and present danger to the life we have all come to enjoy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7395629/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.002 id: cord-305956-l02xdq87 author: Alqahtani, Saleh A title: Liver injury in COVID-19: The current evidence date: 2020-05-26 words: 3062.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305956-l02xdq87.txt summary: These reports highlighted that beyond severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a complicated course of the disease or even viral infection itself can lead to involvement of other organs and multiorgan failure. The current review summarizes the pathophysiology and potentially specific role of COVID-19 in liver disease based on the available data and case series published, ahead of print and non-peer-reviewed preprints as of 2 April. In this study, 47.3% of the discharged patients showed elevated LFTs at baseline, and 23.7% developed abnormalities during hospitalization, suggesting emerging liver injury from drugs or during the course of the infection. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series abstract: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience various degrees of liver function abnormalities. Liver injury requires extensive work-up and continuous surveillance and can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature. In the context of COVID-19, clinicians will have to determine whether liver injury is related to an underlying liver disease, drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19, direct effect of the virus, or a complicated disease course. Recent studies proposed several theories on potential mechanisms of liver injury in these patients. This review summarizes current evidence related to hepatobiliary complications in COVID-19, provides an overview of the available case series and critically elucidates the proposed mechanisms and provides recommendations for clinicians. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640620924157 doi: 10.1177/2050640620924157 id: cord-337060-jkzbyqtm author: Alqurshi, Abdulmalik title: Investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on pharmaceutical education in Saudi Arabia – A call for a remote teaching contingency strategy date: 2020-08-03 words: 6566.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337060-jkzbyqtm.txt summary: METHODS: Two cross-sectional Likert-scale based questionnaires targeted at students and teachers separately, designed to explore stakeholders'' satisfaction in three areas of emergency distance teaching/learning: The use of virtual classrooms, completion of course learning outcomes (CLOs) and assessment via alternative methods during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Diverging stacked bar chart to show results from a 5-point Likert-scale student-targeted questionnaire to measure student level of agreement with several statements in 3 categories concerned with the educational process during COVID-19 lockdown, these included: Virtual classrooms, Completion of CLOs and Alternative assessment methods (n = 363). Diverging stacked bar chart to show results from a 5-point Likert-scale teacher-targeted questionnaire to measure teachers'' level of agreement with several statements in 3 main categories concerned with the educational process during COVID-19 lockdown, these included: Virtual classrooms, Course learning outcomes (CLOs) and Alternative assessment methods (n = 74). abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 lockdown has forced pharmacy education to be conducted remotely for approximately half of the second semester in the year 2019/2020. This sudden shift to distance learning has put the pharmacy education system through an extraordinary experience that may impact its future. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect emergency remote teaching has had on pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia, and to provide recommendations that may help set in place a contingency strategy. METHODS: Two cross-sectional Likert-scale based questionnaires targeted at students and teachers separately, designed to explore stakeholders' satisfaction in three areas of emergency distance teaching/learning: The use of virtual classrooms, completion of course learning outcomes (CLOs) and assessment via alternative methods during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Furthermore, phone interviews were conducted with teachers and students to discuss results from both questionnaires for further clarity on teacher and student views. RESULTS: Over 700 pharmacy students, from 19 different local colleges, and 74 faculty members from 10 different local colleges have participated in this study. While it was challenging for the majority of teachers (>60%) to delivery complex scientific concepts over virtual classrooms, >35% of students and 60% of teachers have expressed concerns on the lack of student–student and student–teacher interactions. A factor that has shown a significantly negative correlation with student overall satisfaction (p < 0.01). Emergency remote teaching has forced teachers to alternative assessment methods, which the majority (70%) believe had a positive effect on students' overall skills. Almost half of students (45%) were concerned by the lack of guidance accompanied by unfamiliar methods of assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Based on statistically analysed results from cross sectional Likert-scale questionnaires aimed at stakeholders of pharmaceutical education, this study concludes with a number of recommendations that may help pharmacy colleges seize this unique opportunity to further enhance the quality of pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.008 id: cord-268779-qbn3i2nq author: Alrasheed, Hend title: COVID-19 Spread in Saudi Arabia: Modeling, Simulation and Analysis date: 2020-10-23 words: 10876.0 sentences: 628.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268779-qbn3i2nq.txt summary: In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. We aimed to match the model simulations with empirical data and then used the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to predict the percentage of individuals that must be vaccinated to stop the outbreak (when a vaccine becomes available). Volz [35] modeled SIR dynamics on a static random network, which represents the population structure of susceptible and infected individuals and their contact patterns with an arbitrary degree distribution. abstract: The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) has resulted in an ongoing pandemic and has affected over 200 countries around the world. Mathematical epidemic models can be used to predict the course of an epidemic and develop methods for controlling it. As social contact is a key factor in disease spreading, modeling epidemics on contact networks has been increasingly used. In this work, we propose a simulation model for the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi Arabia using a network-based epidemic model. We generated a contact network that captures realistic social behaviors and dynamics of individuals in Saudi Arabia. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control measures employed by the Saudi government, to predict the future dynamics of the disease in Saudi Arabia according to different scenarios, and to investigate multiple vaccination strategies. Our results suggest that Saudi Arabia would have faced a nationwide peak of the outbreak on 21 April 2020 with a total of approximately 26 million infections had it not imposed strict control measures. The results also indicate that social distancing plays a crucial role in determining the future local dynamics of the epidemic. Our results also show that the closure of schools and mosques had the maximum impact on delaying the epidemic peak and slowing down the infection rate. If a vaccine does not become available and no social distancing is practiced from 10 June 2020, our predictions suggest that the epidemic will end in Saudi Arabia at the beginning of November with over 13 million infected individuals, and it may take only 15 days to end the epidemic after 70% of the population receive a vaccine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33113936/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217744 id: cord-270184-bq5p2gs6 author: Alrubaiee, Gamil Ghaleb title: Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-13 words: 5559.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270184-bq5p2gs6.txt summary: METHODS: A descriptive, web-based-cross-sectional study was conducted among 1231 Yemeni HCPs. The COVID-19 related questionnaire was designed using Google forms where the responses were coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package (IBM SPSS), version 22.0. The results further revealed that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge, optimistic attitude, moderate level of anxiety, and high-performance in preventive behaviours, 69.8, 85.10%, 51.0 and 87.70%, respectively, towards COVID-19. The questionnaire consisted of 58 items that sought to collect information on the respondents'' knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and preventive behaviours toward COVID-19. This fact motivated the need to undertake the current study aiming to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and preventive behaviours among HCPs towards the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country. abstract: BACKGROUND: The growing incidence of coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to cause fear, anxiety, and panic amongst the community, especially for healthcare providers (HCPs), as the most vulnerable group at risk of contracting this new SARS-CoV-2 infection. To protect and enhance the ability of HCPs to perform their role in responding to COVID-19, healthcare authorities must help to alleviate the level of stress and anxiety amongst HCPs and the community. This will improve the knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19, especially for HCPs. In addition, authorities need to comply in treating this virus by implementing control measures and other precautions. This study explores the knowledge, attitude, anxiety, and preventive behaviours among Yemeni HCPs towards COVID-19. METHODS: A descriptive, web-based-cross-sectional study was conducted among 1231 Yemeni HCPs. The COVID-19 related questionnaire was designed using Google forms where the responses were coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package (IBM SPSS), version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were also employed in this study. A p-value of < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. The data collection phase commenced on 22nd April 2020, at 6 pm and finished on 26th April 2020 at 11 am. RESULTS: The results indicated that from the 1231 HCPs participating in this study, 61.6% were male, and 67% were aged between 20 and 30 years with a mean age of 29.29 ± 6.75. Most (86%) held a bachelor’s degree or above having at least 10 years of work experience or less (88.1%). However, while 57.1% of the respondents obtained their information via social networks and news media, a further 60.0% had never attended lectures/discussions about COVID-19. The results further revealed that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge, optimistic attitude, moderate level of anxiety, and high-performance in preventive behaviours, 69.8, 85.10%, 51.0 and 87.70%, respectively, towards COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Although the Yemeni HCPs exhibited an adequate level of knowledge, optimistic attitude, moderate level of anxiety, and high-performance in preventive behaviours toward COVID-19, the results highlighted gaps, particularly in their knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09644-y doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09644-y id: cord-355755-fd40zy7z author: Alsadhan, Ibrahim title: Diabetic Ketoacidosis Precipitated by COVID-19 infection: Case Series date: 2020-10-27 words: 3489.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355755-fd40zy7z.txt summary: RESULTS: Five patients presenting with DKA complicating a concurrent COVID-19 infection were reported. (1) Diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a comorbidity that is associated with severe disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and increased mortality in COVID-19. This case series is a descriptive study that follows a group of patients who had a diagnosis of acute hyperglycemic crisis upon presentation and positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 infection. Based on clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). On day four following admission, the patient''s oxygen demand increased and he was moved to the intensive care unit (ICU), where invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated in a prone position. Few cases were reported identifying DKA in type 2 diabetes patients as a presentation of COVID-19. In conclusion, we reported five patients presenting with DKA complicating a concurrent COVID-19 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus has evolved into a devastating pandemic since December 2019. Saudi Arabia's first case was reported in March 2020. Subsequently, some 220,000 cases and 2,000 deaths were recorded through July 2020. COVID-19 infection aggravates glycemic control and provokes acute hyperglycemic crises, according to some reports. We made the same observations in some of our patients diagnosed with COVID-19. However, we are unaware of any reported cases of DKA among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE: Highlighting the significance of hyperglycemia on COVID-19 patient outcomes. METHODS: Five patients with DKA were admitted and diagnosed with COVID-19 based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. Electronic medical records were reviewed and informed consent was obtained prior to reporting the index cases. RESULTS: Five patients presenting with DKA complicating a concurrent COVID-19 infection were reported. Three were known to have preexisting diabetes and two had newly diagnosed diabetes based on significantly elevated glycated hemoglobin levels at admission. Four recovered and were discharged to their homes and one had a complicated course and died. CONCLUSION: Our cases demonstrate that COVID-19 infection can trigger DKA. DKA can occur among patients who are known to have diabetes mellitus or appears as a first presentation. Clinicians should be extremely careful in checking for admission hyperglycemia and closely monitor respiratory status during fluid resuscitation of COVID-19-related DKA. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0011393X20300357 doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100609 id: cord-253638-5f9ofdsc author: Alsaied, Tarek title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease date: 2020-06-10 words: 5683.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253638-5f9ofdsc.txt summary: Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. 4-Cardiac care team members are at risk for acquiring COVID-19 and may play a role in spreading the disease between patients and in the society at large. It is important to know that 3.8% of the cases reported from China were of healthcare team members suggesting that health care providers are at a significantly increased risk of contracting COVID-19 11, 83 . abstract: The corona virus disease ‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 with significant cardiovascular implications. Given the increased risk for severe COVID‐19 observed in adults with underlying cardiac involvement, there is concern that patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) may likewise be at increased risk for severe infection. The cardiac manifestations of COVID‐19 include myocarditis, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Importantly, the pandemic has stretched health care systems and many care team members are at risk for contracting and possibly transmitting the disease which may further impact the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we describe the effects of COVID‐19 in the pediatric and young adult population and review the cardiovascular involvement in COVID‐19 focusing on implications for patients with congenital heart disease in particular. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.017224 doi: 10.1161/jaha.120.017224 id: cord-311401-7ugqjg5c author: Alser, O. title: Healthcare workers preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-13 words: 2798.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311401-7ugqjg5c.txt summary: Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. (4) Other LMICs in the Middle East and Africa have also reported scarcity of personal protective equipment (PPE) for front line healthcare workers (HCWs).(5, 6) We hypothesize that (HCWs) in the oPt are largely underprepared to address COVID-19 related needs of the Palestinian population in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The secondary outcome was to assess the differences between Gaza Strip and West Bank, and between governmental and non-governmental in oPt in terms of availability of PPE and HCWs preparedness to face the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm the capacity of the vulnerable healthcare system in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). Sufficient training of healthcare workers (HCWs) in how to manage COVID-19 and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to enable them to do so will be key tools in allowing oPt to mount a credible response to the crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated online questionnaire. Data collection occurred between March 30, 2020 and April 12, 2020. The primary outcomes was PPE provision and the secondary outcome was HCWs preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of 138 respondents, only 38 HCWs (27.5%) always had access to facemasks when needed and 15 (10.9%) for isolation gowns. The vast majority of HCWs did not find eye protection (n=128, 92.8%), N95 respirators (n=132, 95.7%), and face shields (n=127, 92%) always available. Compared to HCWs in West Bank, those in the Gaza Strip were significantly less likely to have access to alcohol sanitizers (p=0.026) and gloves (p <0.001). On average, governmental hospitals were significantly less likely to have all appropriate PPE measures than non-governmental institutions (p = 0.001). As for preparedness, only 16 (11.6%) surveyed felt confident in dealing with a potential COVID-19 case. With 57 (41.3%) having received any COVID-19 related training and 57 (41.3%) not having a local hospital protocol. Conclusion: HCWs in oPt are underprepared and severely lacking adequate PPE provision. The lack of local protocols, and training has left HCWs confidence exceedingly low. The lack of PPE provision will exacerbate spread of COVID-19 and deepen the crisis, whilst putting HCWs at risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096099 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096099 id: cord-309668-5rytk13w author: Alsini, Albaraa Y. title: Tongue reconstruction post partial glossectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A case report date: 2020-09-06 words: 3281.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309668-5rytk13w.txt summary: Key words: case report, partial glossectomy, artificial graft, acellular dermal matrix, tongue reconstruction, COVID-19 prevention [12] We believe uses of ADM for tongue reconstruction, as in our reports, may add a value in COVID-19 prevention as by minimizing the number and duration of non-essential hospital visits & stay post-operatively. Rhee et al, used ADM to reconstruct oral defects at different sites including the tongue in 29 patients and reported a success rates of 90% in an average follow-up duration of 8.6 months. Tahim et al reported five cases reconstructed by collagen scaffold material post partial glossectomy, and the results after 6 weeks were satisfactory in terms of restoration of function and healing. [9] In our cases, we used ADM for tongue reconstruction after partial glossectomy and consider it a useful alternative especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated temporary modifications in the current head and neck oncology treatment paradigm. Till date, no definite treatment for COVID-19 has been discovered. Considering the situation of the global COVID-19 outbreak, methods that minimize patient visits with no compromise in efficacy should be considered. The optimal method for tongue reconstruction has not been determined yet. The artificial bilayer membrane has been used as mucosal substitute in few cases of tongue reconstruction with promising results. CASE PRESENTATION: We present two cases of tongue reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix post partial glossectomy for tongue carcinoma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both patients showed good recovery and healing, and no side effects and/or complications were reported. DISCUSSION: The acellular dermal matrix is not a standard technique for tongue reconstruction but one of the available options. The few reported cases in literature showed promising results in regard of function and healing. CONCLUSION: We believe the use of acellular dermal matrix can help in preventing the spread of COVID-19 because of the absence of donor morbidity, decreasing post-operative hospital stay and visits. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120302922?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.044 id: cord-289612-4x5t4c5u author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: COVID-19 paraclinical diagnostic tools: Updates and future trends date: 2020-06-20 words: 7353.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289612-4x5t4c5u.txt summary: Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection requires the detection of viral nucleic acid in respiratory tract samples by the use of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. In the course of this phase, upper respiratory specimens were tested by RT-PCR for viral RNA and the majority of the patients showed positive results for SARS-CoV-2. These results contrast with another German smaller study by Wolfel et al., conducted on 9 COVID-19 patients, with no discernible difference in viral loads or detection rates when comparing nasal and throat swabs [38] . found that 66.67% of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens. enrolled a total of 173 confirmed cases of COVID-19 by the use of rRT-PCR on samples from the respiratory track reported that the seroconversion sequentially appeared for the total antibody (Ab), IgM and then IgG, with a median time of 11, 12 and 14 days, respectively. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: MOTIVATION: COVID-19 is one of the most widely affecting pandemics. As for many respiratory viruses-caused diseases, diagnosis of COVID-19 relies on two main compartments: clinical and paraclinical diagnostic criteria. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is vital in such a pandemic. On one side, rapidity may enhance management effectiveness, while on the other, coupling efficiency and less costly procedures may permit more effective community-scale management. METHODOLOGY AND MAIN STRUCTURE: In this review, we shed light on the most used and the most validated diagnostic tools. Furthermore, we intend to include few under-development techniques that may be potentially useful in this context. The practical intent of our work is to provide clinicians with a realistic summarized review of the essential elements in the applied paraclinical diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.06.001 id: cord-306351-ka6asw3m author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 words: 6057.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt summary: Several trials of Remdesivir treatment on few patients in the United States have shown early promising benefits in cases with severe pneumonia [33, 34] . On the other hand, data emerging from other ongoing Chinese trials have demonstrated that CQ phosphate is superior to a control treatment in the following areas: pneumonia exacerbation inhibition, imaging findings improvement, virus negative conversion promoting, and disease course shortening [62] . For example, clinical data from reliable randomized controlled studies are still missing, and data published to date lacks homogeneity in terms of recommended dose concentration, treatment duration, and severity of patient illness [58] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China abstract: Abstract Introduction and motivation: Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. With the rapid spread of this virus, an immense burden has fallen upon both healthcare and economic systems. As a consequence, there is an unprecedented urgency for researchers and scientific committees from all over the world to find an effective treatment and vaccine. Review Structure: Many potential therapies are currently under investigation, with some, like Hydroxychloroquine, being authorized for emergency use in some countries. The crucial issue is now clearly to find the suitable treatment strategy for patients given comorbidities and the timeline of the illness.Vaccines are also under development and phase 1 clinical trials are rolling. Despite all efforts, no single drug or vaccine has yet been approved. In this review, we aim at presenting the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and to provide clinicians with a brief and solid overview of the current potential treatments classified according to their use at the three different currently proposed disease stages. In light of pathogenesis and proposed clinical classification, this review’s purpose is to summarize and simplify the most important updates on the management and the potential treatment of this emergent disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 id: cord-314660-ftcrf6c2 author: Altamimi, H. title: The Outcome of COVID-19 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction date: 2020-07-27 words: 3393.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314660-ftcrf6c2.txt summary: Conclusion Contrary to previous small reports, overall in-hospital adverse events were low in this largest cohort of COVID-19 patients presenting with AMI. In contrast to most of previous reports (18, 19) which suggested high prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease among AMI COVID-19 patients and worse outcome, significant obstructive coronary angiography was highly prevalent in our cohort, moreover, in-hospital adverse events were very low with only 1 stroke and 2 deaths reported. Fourth, 35% of our AMI patients did not undergo coronary angiography because their treated physicians regarded them as low-risk cases and is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Conclusion: Contrary to previous small reports, the majority of COVID-19 patients presenting with AMI have significant obstructive coronary artery disease and overall excellent in-hospital outcome. abstract: Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding global pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 patients may present with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study is to conduct detailed analysis on patients with AMI and COVID-19. Methods We included all patients admitted with AMI and actively known or found to be COVID-19 positive by PCR between the 4th February 2020 and the 11th June 2020 in the State of Qatar. Patients were divided into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Non-STE (NSTEMI). Results There were 68 patients (67 men and 1 woman) admitted between the 4th of February 2020 and the 11th of June 2020 with AMI and COVID-19. The mean age was 49.1, 46 patients had STEMI and 22 had NSTEMI. 38% had diabetes mellitus, 31% had hypertension, 16% were smokers, 13% had dyslipidemia, and 14.7% had prior cardiovascular disease. Chest pain and dyspnea were the presenting symptoms in 90% and 12% of patients respectively. Fever (15%) and cough (15%) were the most common COVID-19 symptoms, while the majority had no viral symptoms. Thirty-nine (33 STEMI and 6 NSTEMI) patients underwent coronary angiography, 38 of them had significant coronary disease. Overall in-hospital MACE was low; 1 patient developed stroke and 2 died. Conclusion Contrary to previous small reports, overall in-hospital adverse events were low in this largest cohort of COVID-19 patients presenting with AMI. We hypothesize patient profile including younger age contributed to these findings. Further studies are required to confirm this observation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20156349 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20156349 id: cord-263840-1t4ykc01 author: Altay, Ozlem title: Current status of COVID-19 therapies and drug repositioning applications date: 2020-06-20 words: 2099.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263840-1t4ykc01.txt summary: Summary The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for treatment of COVID-19. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. At the genome 60 level, SARS-CoV-2 has 79·5% homology to SARS CoVCoV-2 and other coronaviruses, and its relative ease of sample acquisition and study, it has been widely 75 accepted that drug repositioning is a promising approach to make available an effective, safety-assured 76 treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we summarize diagnosis approaches, risk groups, available 77 treatment options, and drug repositioning studies related to COVID-19. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 525 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China abstract: Summary The rapid and global spread of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an immediate urgency to discover promising targets for treatment of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is an attractive approach that can facilitate the drug discovery process by repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat illnesses other than their primary indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including promising approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials for prospective treatment options. In addition, we describe computational approaches to be used in drug repurposing and highlight examples of in-silico studies of drug development efforts against SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589004220304909 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101303 id: cord-279110-u2k27jkn author: Alter, Scott M. title: The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public date: 2020-10-10 words: 1255.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279110-u2k27jkn.txt summary: title: The menacing assaults on science, FDA, CDC, and health of the US public While health authorities sounded early warnings concerning COVID-19 [1] , the United States (US) government practised "pandemic politics" and escalated menacing assaults on science, including repeated denials of epidemic principles of mitigation and containment. During COVID-19 the CDC issued reopening guidelines after initial lockdowns that lasted only until the epidemic curve flattened, violating their own principles to continue until cases and deaths drastically fell. The government''s menacing assaults on science have led to the US suffering >203 thousand deaths compared with <3 thousand in South Korea after inflation for the six-fold difference in populations. Trust will continue to be eroded in other vaccines, as well as the FDA and CDC, leading to even more avoidable US deaths. The emerging pandemic of coronavirus and the urgent need for public health leadership Public health strategies contain and mitigate COVID-19: a tale of two democracies abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073218/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100581 id: cord-294912-xl0wzi16 author: Alteri, Claudia title: Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR in real-time PCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-08 words: 3630.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294912-xl0wzi16.txt summary: Since SARS-CoV-2-based disease (COVID-19) spreads as a pandemic, the necessity of a highly sensitive molecular diagnosis that can drastically reduce false negatives reverse transcription PCR (rtPCR) results, raises as a major clinical need. ddPCR-based assay detected SARS-CoV-2 genome in nasopharyngeal samples of 19 (34.5%) patients (median viral-load: 128 copies/mL, IQR: 72–345). Thanks to a ddPCR-based assay, we achieved a rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in rtPCR-negative respiratory samples of individuals with COVID-19 suspect, allowing the rapid taking care and correct management of these patients. In this study, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome was evaluated in 55 SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19 suspected patients thanks to a quantitative ad hoc designed assay based on ddPCR. This proof-of-concept study shows that an in-house ddPCR-based assay can allow an efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2 at low copy number in symptomatic cases resulted negative by standard rtPCR. abstract: Since SARS-CoV-2-based disease (COVID-19) spreads as a pandemic, the necessity of a highly sensitive molecular diagnosis that can drastically reduce false negatives reverse transcription PCR (rtPCR) results, raises as a major clinical need. Here we evaluated the performance of a ddPCR-based assay to quantify SARS-CoV-2 titer in 55 suspected COVID-19 cases with negative rtPCR results thanks to in-house ddPCR assay (targeting RdRp and host RNaseP). Samples were collected at ASST-GOM Niguarda between February and May 2020 at hospital admission. Clinical and imaging data were obtained for clinical staging and definition of disease severity. Patients were mainly female (45.5%) with a median age of 73 (57–84) years. ddPCR-based assay detected SARS-CoV-2 genome in nasopharyngeal samples of 19 (34.5%) patients (median viral-load: 128 copies/mL, IQR: 72–345). In 15 of them (78.9%), chest CT showed a classical COVID-19 bilateral interstitial pneumonia; 14 patients (73.7%) showed severe COVID-19 manifestations. ddPCR did not identify any trace of SARS-CoV-2 genome in the respiratory samples of the remaining 36 patients. The serological assay performed in a subgroup of 34 patients at the later stage of illness (from 3 days to 90 days after) confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in all patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in ddPCR (100%). Contrariwise, negative tests were observed in 95.0% ddPCR negative patients (P<0.001). Thanks to a ddPCR-based assay, we achieved a rapid and accurate SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in rtPCR-negative respiratory samples of individuals with COVID-19 suspect, allowing the rapid taking care and correct management of these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32898153/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236311 id: cord-303240-tv1ta3z5 author: Althoff, Keri N title: Contact tracing: Essential to the public health response and our understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 1402.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303240-tv1ta3z5.txt summary: M a n u s c r i p t As the pandemic in the US continues to evolve, data from contact tracing can continue to inform our understanding about SARS-CoV-2 transmission and guide the public health response. Contact tracing that includes home-based molecular and/or serologic specimen collection to trigger isolation and quarantine may be especially critical when both testing and physical distancing are necessary to achieve the public health goals of epidemic control and mitigation of community transmission. "re-opening"), and test and trace strategies will again be deployed to facilitate epidemic control and interruption of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via isolation and quarantine. Test and trace initiatives will yield equally important information in the current phase of the epidemic as communities begins to "re-open." The contact tracers who will continue to log endless hours to protect the health of the population against COVID-19, and subsequently the stability of our healthcare systems, should be supported and commended. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa757 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa757 id: cord-235691-en6fgilb author: Althouse, Benjamin M. title: Stochasticity and heterogeneity in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-27 words: 4811.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-235691-en6fgilb.txt summary: In Figure 2 we show an example by utilizing a stochastic branching process model with both Poisson and SARS-CoV-1 like NB distribution (k = 0.16) under the same mean R 0 = 2.6 26 , with different population sizes ranging from small clusters of 10 like households to large ones of 10 6 like city-wide. Because they play an important role in the spread of infection, hotspots pose an opportunity for surveillance and control: focusing on facilities and activities known to sustain hotspots, such as healthcare facilities, nursing homes, prisons, meat-packing plants, homeless shelters, schools, mass gatherings, as well as those places with closed, poorly circulated environments, can provide efficient ways to identify potential SSEs before they happen, therefore, potentially reducing a substantial amount of transmission in the population. Multiple lines of evidence at the individual-and population-level strongly indicate the role of SSEs in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and that we should not overlook the heterogeneity in numbers of secondary infections 57 . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease has moved rapidly around the globe, infecting millions and killing hundreds of thousands. The basic reproduction number, which has been widely used and misused to characterize the transmissibility of the virus, hides the fact that transmission is stochastic, is dominated by a small number of individuals, and is driven by super-spreading events (SSEs). The distinct transmission features, such as high stochasticity under low prevalence, and the central role played by SSEs on transmission dynamics, should not be overlooked. Many explosive SSEs have occurred in indoor settings stoking the pandemic and shaping its spread, such as long-term care facilities, prisons, meat-packing plants, fish factories, cruise ships, family gatherings, parties and night clubs. These SSEs demonstrate the urgent need to understand routes of transmission, while posing an opportunity that outbreak can be effectively contained with targeted interventions to eliminate SSEs. Here, we describe the potential types of SSEs, how they influence transmission, and give recommendations for control of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13689v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-270858-ozvdz9ew author: Altmann, Daniel M title: What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity date: 2020-04-27 words: 1563.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270858-ozvdz9ew.txt summary: Strategies in various countries that aim to stagger return to work on the basis of disease severity risk and age do not take account of how exposing even lower-risk individuals, such as young people with no comorbidities, to the virus so as to increase herd immunity can still result in pandemic spread. A caveat is that most studies, either of SARS survivors or of COVID-19 patients, have focused on people who were hospitalised and had severe, symptomatic disease. Anecdotal reports of reinfection from China and South Korea should be regarded with caution because some individuals who seemed to have cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested negative on PCR might nevertheless have harboured persistent virus. 16 On the basis of this estimated R 0 , the herd immunity calculation suggests that at least 60% of the population would need to have protective immunity, either from natural infection or vaccination. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620309855 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30985-5 id: cord-314197-om3pggwa author: Altmayer, Stephan title: Comparison of the computed tomography findings in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-27 words: 3875.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314197-om3pggwa.txt summary: The aim of this manuscript was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the chest CT findings of COVID-2019 and other viral pneumonia in immunocompetent adults to evaluate if any discriminatory imaging features may help to distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory viruses. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the following criteria were present: (1) subjects had a positive RT-PCR assay in a respiratory tract sample for one of the following viruses: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), adenovirus (AdV), influenza A H1N1; rhinovirus (RNV); parainfluenza virus (PIV); respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); (2) report of chest computed tomography (CT) findings of viral pneumonia, including at least one of the following imaging features: predominant CT pattern or CT findings; (3) cases of acute infections up to 14 days of onset of symptoms; (4) immunocompetent patients ≥ 16 years; (5) design of the study as randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, observational studies, or case series. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to other non-COVID viral pneumonia. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched through April 04, 2020, for published English language studies. Studies were eligible if they included immunocompetent patients with up to 14 days of viral pneumonia. Subjects had a respiratory tract sample test positive for COVID-19, adenovirus, influenza A, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, or respiratory syncytial virus. We only included observational studies and case series with more than ten patients. The pooled prevalence of each chest CT pattern or finding was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: From 2263 studies identified, 33 were eligible for inclusion, with a total of 1911 patients (COVID-19, n = 934; non-COVID, n = 977). Frequent CT features for both COVID-19 and non-COVID viral pneumonia were a mixed pattern of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation (COVID-19, 0.37; 0.17–0.56; non-COVID, 0.46; 0.35–0.58) or predominantly GGO pattern (COVID-19, 0.42; 0.28–0.55; non-COVID 0.25; 0.17–0.32), bilateral distribution (COVID-19, 0.81; 0.77–0.85; non-COVID, 0.69; 0.54–0.84), and involvement of lower lobes (COVID-19, 0.88; 0.80–0.95; non-COVID, 0.61; 0.50–0.82). COVID-19 pneumonia presented a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution (COVID-19 0.77; 0.67–0.87; non-COVID 0.34; 0.18–0.49), and involvement of upper (COVID-19, 0.77; 0.65–0.88; non-COVID 0.18; 0.10–0.27) and middle lobes (COVID-19, 0.61; 0.47–0.76; non-COVID 0.24; 0.11–0.38). CONCLUSION: Except for a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution, involvement of upper and middle lobes, COVID-19, and non-COVID viral pneumonia had overlapping chest CT findings. KEY POINTS: • Most common CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were a predominant pattern of ground-glass opacity (GGO), followed by a mixed pattern of GGO and consolidation, bilateral disease, peripheral distribution, and lower lobe involvement. • Most frequent CT findings of non-COVID viral pneumonia were a predominantly mixed pattern of GGO and consolidation, followed by a predominant pattern of GGO, bilateral disease, random or diffuse distribution, and lower lobe involvement. • COVID-19 pneumonia presented a higher prevalence of peripheral distribution, and involvement of upper and middle lobes compared with non-COVID viral pneumonia ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07018-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32594211/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07018-x id: cord-273283-gb0m6fue author: Altschul, David J. title: A novel severity score to predict inpatient mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-07 words: 3372.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273283-gb0m6fue.txt summary: While the SOFA score is also predictive of mortality for COVID-19, it does not address the additional thrombotic mitigators of severe illness 11 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and now being used to help guide the use of anticoagulation for patients with COVID-19 [12] [13] [14] . This study is an observational cohort study validating a novel, simple COVID-19 in-hospital mortality score to predict inpatient mortality risk in 4711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using a combination of presentation vital signs, and basic admission laboratory values. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort (Fig. 1) , the novel COVID-19 severity score achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814-0.851) indicating a good discrimination for patients with higher risk www.nature.com/scientificreports/ www.nature.com/scientificreports/ of in-hospital mortality. abstract: COVID-19 is commonly mild and self-limiting, but in a considerable portion of patients the disease is severe and fatal. Determining which patients are at high risk of severe illness or mortality is essential for appropriate clinical decision making. We propose a novel severity score specifically for COVID-19 to help predict disease severity and mortality. 4711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. We derived a risk model using the first half of the cohort (n = 2355 patients) by logistic regression and bootstrapping methods. The discriminative power of the risk model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The severity score was validated in a second half of 2356 patients. Mortality incidence was 26.4% in the derivation cohort and 22.4% in the validation cohort. A COVID-19 severity score ranging from 0 to 10, consisting of age, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, blood urea nitrogen, C-Reactive protein, and the international normalized ratio was developed. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814–0.851) and an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI 0.789–0.818) in the validation cohort. Furthermore, based on the risk categorization the probability of mortality was 11.8%, 39% and 78% for patient with low (0–3), moderate (4–6) and high (7–10) COVID-19 severity score. This developed and validated novel COVID-19 severity score will aid physicians in predicting mortality during surge periods. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028914/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73962-9 id: cord-321387-5epa1bb8 author: Altuntas, Fevzi title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 words: 2381.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321387-5epa1bb8.txt summary: In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) in the treatment of severe and critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Administration of CP 20 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis or COVID-19 related symptoms were associated with a higher rate of MV support compared with the first 3 interval groups (≤5 days, 6-10 days, 11-15 days) (p=0.001) CONCLUSION: CP therapy seems to be effective for a better course of COVID-19 in severe and critically ill patients. From the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health database, severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-containing CP along with the antiviral treatment (n = 888) were selected and included in the study. Therefore, patients who received CP treatment in the first 5 days of their COVID-19 diagnosis may represent a rapidly worsening clinical course as they became severely or critically ill in the first 5 days of the disease. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Passive antibody therapy has been used to immunize vulnerable people against infectious agents. In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) in the treatment of severe and critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHOD: The data of severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-containing CP along with the antiviral treatment (n = 888) and an age-gender, comorbidity, and other COVID-19 treatments matched severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients at 1:1 ratio (n = 888) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Duration in the intensive care unit (ICU), the rate of mechanical ventilation (MV) support and vasopressor support were lower in CP group compared with the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.02, p = 0.001, respectively). The case fatality rate (CFR) was 24.7% in the CP group, and it was 27.7% in the control group. Administration of CP 20 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis or COVID-19 related symptoms were associated with a higher rate of MV support compared with the first 3 interval groups (≤5 days, 6-10 days, 11-15 days) (p=0.001) CONCLUSION: CP therapy seems to be effective for a better course of COVID-19 in severe and critically ill patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2020.102955 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102955 id: cord-281068-bigb9890 author: Alumran, Arwa title: Role of Precautionary Measures in Containing the Natural Course of Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-07-16 words: 2528.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281068-bigb9890.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Precautionary measures adopted by the Saudi Arabian health authorities were evidently effective in controlling the spread and further burden of COVID-19. Since then, several precautionary measures have been implemented by the Saudi Arabian health authorities to prevent the anticipated spread of the disease based on international forecasts about the spread of COVID-19 in different countries globally. Once the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Saudi Arabia, the health authorities implemented strict precautionary measures to combat the outbreak. This study is an attempt by the author to assess the impact of precautionary measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, thus reducing the mortality rates in Saudi Arabia. To the author''s knowledge, this is the first study to assess the impact of precautionary measures in Saudi Arabia on combating a pandemic. 13 Country lockdown is one of the extreme measures adopted by the Saudi Arabian health DovePress authorities to control the spread of the disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is spreading at an alarming rate. Several health authorities have implemented specific precautionary measures worldwide to combat the spread of the disease. The influence of these measures on tackling the spread of the disease remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of precautionary measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: Data for this study were gathered from publicly available data sources such as the Worldometer and World Health Organization websites. The expected number of new cases is calculated using a mathematical formula to assess the difference between the observed and expected number of cases, thus indicating the impact of precautionary measures on the spread of COVID-19. RESULTS: The preventive measures massively impacted the reduction of COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia from the expected number of 437,097 accumulated cases by May 4, 2020, to the observed number of 28,656 accumulated cases. Thus, the fatality rate is reduced from the expected 15,735 accumulated deaths by May 4 to 191 accumulated deaths. CONCLUSION: Precautionary measures adopted by the Saudi Arabian health authorities were evidently effective in controlling the spread and further burden of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s261643 doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s261643 id: cord-310184-qth1y88o author: Alunno, Alessia title: Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin date: 2020-05-18 words: 2981.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310184-qth1y88o.txt summary: Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Other immunomodulating agents like IL-1 or IL-6 inhibitors are only recommended in selected cases including the macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a subtype of sHLH associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), adult-onset Still''s disease (AOSD) and other autoimmune disorders. abstract: Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. However, this scenario is more complex than initially thought due to the heterogeneity of hyperinflammation. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Despite the final event (the cytokine storm) is shared by various conditions leading to sHLH, the aetiology, either infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic, accounts for the differences in the various phases of this process. Moreover, the evidence of a hyperinflammatory microenvironment provided the rationale to employ immunomodulating agents for therapeutic purposes in severe COVID-19. This viewpoint aims at discussing the pitfalls and issues to be considered with regard to the use of immunomodulating agents in COVID-19, such as timing of treatment based on the viral load and the extent of cytokine/ferritin overexpression. Furthermore, it encompasses recent findings in the paediatric field about a novel multisystem inflammatory disease resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease observed in children with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. Finally, it includes arguments in favour of adding COVID-19 to the spectrum of the recently defined ‘hyperferritinemic syndrome’, which already includes adult-onset Still’s disease, macrophage activation syndrome, septic shock and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423970/ doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001295 id: cord-321846-pzmewp2r author: Alvarado, Amado title: COVID-19 associated with onset nephrotic syndrome in a pediatric patient: coincidence or related conditions? date: 2020-08-27 words: 1069.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321846-pzmewp2r.txt summary: CASE-DIAGNOSIS: We present a 15-year-old boy who tested positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and onset of nephrotic syndrome, without antecedent of kidney disease and who had normal urine tests shortly before being affected by COVID-19. Respiratory manifestations are the predominant presentation of COVID-19 among symptomatic patients; additionally, it is relevant to emphasize that multiple organ involvement, including the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver, bone marrow, and kidney, has been reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [1, 2] . Information about COVID-19 in children with nephropathies is lacking; a report from Spain described 16 patients with chronic kidney diseases presenting mild respiratory symptoms and few radiological manifestations. Herein we describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with a complete picture of onset of nephrotic syndrome along with respiratory symptoms in a pediatric patient. In summary, the patient described in this report with no history of chronic kidney disease, admitted because of nephrotic syndrome and respiratory syndrome, and tested positive for COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is less frequent in children than in adults and affects the former less severely; despite the fact that respiratory symptoms are the most frequent, in some cases unusual manifestations can be seen. CASE-DIAGNOSIS: We present a 15-year-old boy who tested positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and onset of nephrotic syndrome, without antecedent of kidney disease and who had normal urine tests shortly before being affected by COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The patient described in this report, who was admitted due to nephrotic syndrome and respiratory syndrome, tested positive for COVID-19. He, based on the data review by the researchers, is the first reported case of COVID-19 with simultaneous onset of complete picture of nephrotic syndrome. The presence of both diagnoses could be a coincidence or an unusual form of presentation of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04724-y doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04724-y id: cord-337627-1a2gpqdl author: Alvarado-Vasquez, Noé title: Could a family history of type 2 diabetes be a risk factor to the endothelial damage in the patient with COVID-19? date: 2020-11-06 words: 2325.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337627-1a2gpqdl.txt summary: Previous evidence has shown the presence of early endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects but with a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-DM2), where glucose metabolism, the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as expression of genes involved with their synthesis are impaired. Therefore, we hypothesized that an FH-DM2 should be considered an important risk factor, since the individuals with this background develop an early endothelial dysfunction, which would increase the susceptibility and severity of infection and damage to the endothelium, in the patient infected with the SARS-CoV-2. For example, in a representative percentage of patients with COVID-19, pathologies such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, which could be associated with an early endothelial dysfunction, have not been reported. Based on the above, we hypothesized that a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-DM2) could be a risk factor for the severe endothelial damage observed in the patient infected with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: In December 2019, in China, a disease derived from a new beta coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported, which was termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, it is known that endothelial cell dysfunction is a critical event in the infection by this virus. However, in a representative percentage of patients with COVID-19, neither cardiovascular disease nor diabetes mellitus, which could be linked with endothelial dysfunction, has been reported. Previous evidence has shown the presence of early endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects but with a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-DM2), where glucose metabolism, the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as expression of genes involved with their synthesis are impaired. Besides, in subjects with an FH-DM2, the presence of hyperinsulinemia and high glucose levels are common events that could favor the infection of endothelial cells by the coronavirus. Interestingly, both events have been reported in patients with COVID-19, in whom hyperinsulinemia increases the surface expression of ACE2 through a diminution of ADAMTS17 activity; whereas hyperglycemia induces higher expression of ACE2 in different tissues, including microvascular endothelial cells from the pancreatic islets, favoring chronic hyperglycemia and affecting the release of insulin. Therefore, we hypothesized that an FH-DM2 should be considered an important risk factor, since the individuals with this background develop an early endothelial dysfunction, which would increase the susceptibility and severity of infection and damage to the endothelium, in the patient infected with the SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720332692 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110378 id: cord-296342-qyqf60s9 author: Alvarez Retamales, V. title: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Hospital Admissions date: 2020-07-17 words: 2620.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296342-qyqf60s9.txt summary: We aim to identify any discrepancy in the hospitalization rate by race/ethnicity of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, and through this, analyze the risks of these groups in an effort to call out for attention to the circumstances that make them more vulnerable and susceptible to disease. Patients identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and American Indian have a disproportionate burden of hospital admissions, suggesting an increased risk of more severe disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 doi: medRxiv preprint Analysis indicates that patients reported as non-Hispanic White (60% of the population, 38% of admissions, p >0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islander (6% of the population, 5% of admissions, p>0.001) are underrepresented in COVID-19 admissions ( Table 2) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 doi: medRxiv preprint admitted for COVID-19 infection are a lower uninsured rate, fewer health barriers, and a higher socioeconomic status than racial/ethnic minorities. abstract: Importance: COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, with its increasing incidence, more has been learned about the risk factors that can make certain groups more at risk of contracting the disease or have worse outcomes. We aim to identify any discrepancy in the hospitalization rate by race/ethnicity of patients who tested positive for COVID-19, and through this, analyze the risks of these groups in an effort to call out for attention to the circumstances that make them more vulnerable and susceptible to disease. Observations: Analysis indicates that patients identified as non-Hispanic White and Asian/Pacific Islander in hospital admission data are underrepresented in COVID-19 admissions. Patients identified as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and American Indian have a disproportionate burden of hospital admissions, suggesting an increased risk of more severe disease. Conclusions and Relevance: There is a disproportionate rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations found among non-Hispanic Blacks. Further investigation is imperative to identify and remediate the reason(s) for increased vulnerability to COVID-19 infections requiring hospital admission. These efforts would likely reduce the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in the non-Hispanic Black population. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.20152017v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152017 id: cord-337763-kusqyumn author: Alves, T. H. E. title: Underreporting of death by COVID-19 in Brazil''s second most populous state date: 2020-05-23 words: 2799.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337763-kusqyumn.txt summary: The underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), where is concentrated the second largest population of the country, reveals government unpreparedness, as there is a low capacity of testing in the population, which prevents the real understanding of the general panorama of Sars-Cov-2 dissemination. The goals of this research are to analyze the causes of deaths in the different Brazilian government databases (ARPEN and SINAN) and to assess whether there are sub-records shown by the unexpected increase in the frequency of deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19. The present study aims to analyze the death causes in the notary records and in the Brazilian National disease notification system records, and thus evaluate the subregistries and the possible increase in the frequency of deaths with clinically compatible causes to COVID-19 in the Minas Gerais territory. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic brings to light the reality of the Brazilian health system. The underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), where is concentrated the second largest population of the country, reveals government unpreparedness, as there is a low capacity of testing in the population, which prevents the real understanding of the general panorama of Sars-Cov-2 dissemination. The goals of this research are to analyze the causes of deaths in the different Brazilian government databases (ARPEN and SINAN) and to assess whether there are sub-records shown by the unexpected increase in the frequency of deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19. A descriptive and quantitative analysis of the number of COVID-19 deaths and similar causes was made in different databases. Ours results demonstrate that the different official sources had a discrepancy of 209.23% between these data referring to the same period. There was also a 648.61% increase in SARS deaths in 2020, when compared to the average of previous years. Finally, it was shown that there was an increase in the rate of pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency (RI) by 5.36% and 5.72%, respectively. In conclusion, there is an underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in MG due to the unexplained excess of SARS deaths, Respiratory insufficiency and pneumonia compared to previous years. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108415 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108415 id: cord-311074-j3fw4dfc author: Alviset, Sophie title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-14 words: 4842.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311074-j3fw4dfc.txt summary: title: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) face-mask ventilation is an easy and cheap option to manage a massive influx of patients presenting acute respiratory failure during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A retrospective cohort study From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. The following baseline patient characteristics were retrieved from patient electronic medical record: sex, age, comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), withholding / withdrawal of lifesustaining therapies, associated COVID-19 therapies administered before the primary outcome under study occurred (antivirals, corticosteroids, immuno-modulating therapies, prone positioning), oxygen flow rate and SpO2 before and after starting CPAP treatment, duration of CPAP treatment, medical unit where CPAP treatment was performed, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, SAPS2 score for patients admitted in ICU, driving pressure and P/F ratio on first day of mechanical ventilation. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICU) can be overwhelmed by the number of hypoxemic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This single centre retrospective observational cohort study took place in a French hospital where the number of patients exceeded the ICU capacity despite an increase from 18 to 32 beds. Because of this, 59 (37%) of the 159 patients requiring ICU care were referred to other hospitals. From 27th March to 23rd April, consecutive patients who had respiratory failure or were unable to maintain an SpO2 > 90%, despite receiving 10–15 l/min of oxygen with a non-rebreather mask, were treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unless the ICU physician judged that immediate intubation was indicated. We describe the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of these patients. The main outcome under study was CPAP discontinuation. RESULTS: CPAP was initiated in 49 patients and performed out of ICU in 41 (84%). Median age was 65 years (IQR = 54–71) and 36 (73%) were men. Median respiratory rate before CPAP was 36 (30–40) and median SpO2 was 92% (90–95) under 10 to 15 L/min oxygen flow. Median duration of CPAP was 3 days (IQR = 1–5). Reasons for discontinuation of CPAP were: intubation in 25 (51%), improvement in 16 (33%), poor tolerance in 6 (12%) and death in 2 (4%) patients. A decision not to intubate had been taken for 8 patients, including the 2 who died while on CPAP. Two patients underwent less than one hour CPAP for poor tolerance. In the end, 15 (38%) out of 39 evaluable patients recovered with only CPAP whereas 24 (62%) were intubated. CONCLUSIONS: CPAP is feasible in a non-ICU environment in the context of massive influx of patients. In our cohort up to 1/3 of the patients presenting with acute respiratory failure recovered without intubation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052968/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240645 id: cord-332673-av2vt54r author: Alwashmi, Meshari F. title: The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 words: 3021.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332673-av2vt54r.txt summary: This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. During the outbreak of Ebola and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), digital health (DH) demonstrated its potential in detecting and fighting global epidemics [2] [3] [4] . This article reveals that digital technologies can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Online surveillance-mapping tools, such as the Surveillance and Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS) [9] , as well as HealthMap [10] , have the potential to improve the early detection of infectious diseases in comparison to traditional epidemiological tools [2] . The app has the potential to include real-time updates of evidence-based guidelines during a global pandemic to inform the general population and healthcare providers. abstract: Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082906 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082906 id: cord-326961-ti6mrzxf author: Aly, Mariam Mohsen title: Impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Egyptian dentists’ fear and dental practice (a cross-sectional survey) date: 2020-10-12 words: 2884.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326961-ti6mrzxf.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the fear of infection among Egyptian dentists practicing during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the dentist''s knowledge about guidelines to fight the virus and to assess various modifications in dental practice. 7 Different practical guidelines were recommended for dental professionals by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American Dental Association (ADA), and the WHO to control the spread of COVID-19 and like other contagious infections, these recommendations include personal protective equipment, hand washing, detailed patient evaluation, rubber dam isolation, anti-retraction handpiece, mouth rinsing before dental procedures, and disinfection of the clinic. This cross-sectional study assessed the fear of infection between Egyptian dentists practicing during the present COVID-19 pandemic and to explore their knowledge about guidelines to fight the virus and various modifications in dental practice through an online survey. abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the fear of infection among Egyptian dentists practicing during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to explore the dentist’s knowledge about guidelines to fight the virus and to assess various modifications in dental practice. METHODS: An online survey was submitted to dental professionals. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended questions. The gathered data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: An overall 216 dentists completed the survey. A total of 200 (92.6%) dental professionals were afraid of becoming infected with COVID-19 while 196 (90.7%) became anxious to treat patients showing suspicious symptoms. The majority of the participants were aware of the mode of transmission of COVID-19 and a lot of them were updated with the current Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cross-infection control. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on dental professionals. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-020-00047-0 doi: 10.1038/s41405-020-00047-0 id: cord-343168-gphud9yx author: Alyami, H. S. title: Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-05-15 words: 3856.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343168-gphud9yx.txt summary: title: Depression and anxiety during 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between March 27 th and April 27 th , 2020, to explore depression and anxiety among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously validated assessment scales, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety among the study participants. The prevalence rate of moderate-to-severe depression symptoms in this study seems to be considerably higher than that of those reported by the Chinese study that included 1210 respondents during the COVID-19 outbreak (16.5%) whereas comparable rates for anxiety were noted (28.8%) [3] . Further, the study of Wang et al (2020) revealed that the female gender was significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and had higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05) (3) . abstract: Background: COVID 19 outbreak in 2020 was associated with a high rate of depression and anxiety among individuals in the affected countries. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of the COVID 19 epidemic on the psychological distress of residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 27th of March and 27th of April 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD 7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the entire study participants was 9.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Non-Saudi residents, aged 50 years and above, divorced, retired, university students, and those with income (2000 to 10,000 RS) were at higher risk of developing depression. Saudi individuals, married, unemployed, and those with high income (> 10,000 RS) were at higher risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: There is a wide range of the Saudi residents who are at higher risk of mental illness during COVID 19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic, and provide mental support. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096677 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096677 id: cord-356314-mhkhey2w author: Alyami, Mohammad H. title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Ecological Study date: 2020-09-17 words: 3877.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356314-mhkhey2w.txt summary: The Saudi Ministry of Health provided detailed data on the incidence of COVID-19 in the Kingdom daily, with the following details: (a) the number of newly confirmed cases, (b) number of active cases, (c) number of critical cases, (d) percentage of cases stratified by age group [adults, children, and elderly] (available from 2 May until 25 May), and (e) percentage of cases stratified by gender (available from 2 May until 25 May). The key findings were: (1) the epidemiological status in KSA reached a steady level after 2 months from the beginning of the pandemic, due to the implementation of successful healthcare and treatment protocols, (2) the international travel restrictions and household quarantine were effective ways to control the epidemic of COVID-19 the KSA, (3) the rates of critical cases and mortality in KSA are at a low level, due to the younger population in Saudi Arabia compared to European and Asian countries, and the effective control measures taken by the government, and (4) in the KSA, COVID-19 was more common among adults and males compared to other demographic groups. abstract: Objectives: Considering the transmissible nature of COVID-19 it is important to explore the trend of the epidemiology of the disease in each country and act accordingly. This study aimed to examine the trend of COVID-19 epidemiology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in term of its incidence rate, recovery rate, and mortality rate. Material and Methods: We conducted an observational study using publicly available national data taken from the Saudi Ministry of Health for the period between 3 March and 7 June 2020. The number of newly confirmed cases, active cases, critical cases, percentage of cases stratified by age group [adults, children, and elderly] and gender were extracted from the reports of the Saudi Ministry of Health. Results: During the study period, the total number of confirmed cases with COVID-19 rose from one on 2 March 2020 to 101,914 on 7 June, representing an average of 1,039 new cases per day, [trend test, p < 0.000]. Despite the increase in the number of newly confirmed daily cases of COVID-19, the number of reported daily active cases started to stabilize after 2 months from the start of the pandemic in the country and the overall recovery rate was 71.4%. The mortality rate decreased by 6.4% during the study period. COVID-19 was more common among adults and males compared to other demographic groups. Conclusion: The epidemiological status of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showing promising improvement. Males and adults accounted for the majority of COVID-19 cases in the KSA. Further studies are recommended to be conducted at the patient level to identify other patient groups who are at higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19, and for whom the best pharmacological intervention could be provided. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00506 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00506 id: cord-276267-77903fld author: Al‐Ani, Aysha H. title: Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID‐19 in the IBD patient date: 2020-05-26 words: 5481.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276267-77903fld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276267-77903fld.txt summary: 6 Consequently, there is a concern that IBD patients are at greater risk of developing COVID-19 and at increased risk of progressing to a more severe clinical course or even death compared to the general population. 18 Furthermore, there is a recent case report of a possible SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection causing acute haemorrhagic colitis and signalling COVID-19 disease. Clinical assessment of risk factors for infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan Risk of infection with methotrexate therapy in inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Comparative risk of serious infections with biologic and/or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis Infection-related hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases Respiratory tract infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: safety analyses from vedolizumab clinical trials abstract: BACKGROUND: The current COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency. All nations are seriously challenged as the virus spreads rapidly across the globe with no regard for borders. The primary management of IBD involves treating uncontrolled inflammation with most patients requiring immune‐based therapies. However, these therapies may weaken the immune system and potentially place IBD patients at increased risk of infections and infectious complications including those from COVID‐19. AIM: To summarise the scale of the COVID‐19 pandemic, review unique concerns regarding IBD management and infection risk during the pandemic and assess COVID‐19 management options and drug interactions in the IBD population. METHODS: A literature review on IBD, SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 was undertaken and relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. RESULTS: IBD patients do not appear to be more susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and there is no evidence of an association between IBD therapies and increased risk of COVID‐19. IBD medication adherence should be encouraged to prevent disease flare but where possible high‐dose systemic corticosteroids should be avoided. Patients should exercise social distancing, optimise co‐morbidities and be up to date with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. If a patient develops COVID‐19, immune suppressing medications should be withheld until infection resolution and if trial medications for COVID‐19 are being considered, potential drug interactions should be checked. CONCLUSION: IBD patient management presents a challenge in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary focus should remain on keeping bowel inflammation controlled and encouraging medication adherence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32348598/ doi: 10.1111/apt.15779 id: cord-353312-9hd54ug5 author: Al‐Hebshi, Abdulqader title: A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-07-10 words: 546.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353312-9hd54ug5.txt summary: title: A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID‐19 infection 3 Viral infections are triggers of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) and acute chest syndrome (ACS). On physical examination, she was in moderate to severe pain without respiratory distress, oxygen saturation 99% at room air, heart rate 95/minute, temperature 38.5 • C, respiratory rate 20 breath/minute, and blood pressure 121/61 mmHg. A systemic examination showed generalized mild tenderness in both thighs and arms, and she was otherwise normal. Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beneficial effect of intravenous dexamethasone in children with mild to moderately severe acute chest syndrome complicating sickle cell disease Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28547 doi: 10.1002/pbc.28547 id: cord-318599-drvjr7gq author: Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph title: Note: Mayday, Mayday, Mayday! Responding to environmental shocks: Insights on global airlines’ responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 words: 5024.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318599-drvjr7gq.txt summary: Using the global airline industry, the analysis delineates a host of internally generated and externally imposed firms'' strategic and tactical responses to the pandemic including in-flight service changes, flight cancellations, seeking emergency aids and financial supports, and firm closures. The analysis demonstrates that in responding to the crisis, many airlines sought to minimise erosion of long-developed knowledge, market capabilities, route networks, access to airports, customer base and relationships/trust with customers prior to COVID-19 to equip them for recovery. Past studies have demonstrated that timing is a key resource which can grant an organisation a first-or late-mover advantage in the face of crisis Montgomery, 1988, 1998; Makadok, 1998) and can also be harnessed in devising suitable responses by firms to environment-altering events (Grzymala-Busse, 2011). It is, therefore, expected that firms may be motivated to embrace internally initiated as well as externally imposed responses to develop new relationships with political actors to secure access to financial and political resources in both the short term and long term to ensure survival of their businesses. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2019/2020 ushered in a new turbulent and chaotic global environment where governments not only placed temporary restrictions on people’s movements, but also mandated limits on business activities. However, lacking in the contemporary scholarly discourse is a deeper understanding of how businesses respond to such pandemics. In this research note (RN), a conceptual framework of firms’ responses is advanced. Using the global airline industry, the analysis delineates a host of internally generated and externally imposed firms’ strategic and tactical responses to the pandemic including in-flight service changes, flight cancellations, seeking emergency aids and financial supports, and firm closures. The analysis demonstrates that in responding to the crisis, many airlines sought to minimise erosion of long-developed knowledge, market capabilities, route networks, access to airports, customer base and relationships/trust with customers prior to COVID-19 to equip them for recovery. The wider implications for academics, managers and governments are outlined as the effects of COVID-19 continue to unfold. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013185/ doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102098 id: cord-302254-egt9qdib author: Amaral-Prado, Heloísa Monteiro title: The impact of confinement in the psychosocial behaviour due COVID-19 among members of a Brazilian university date: 2020-11-08 words: 3750.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302254-egt9qdib.txt summary: AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. Given the expected impact of the situation due the confinement and COVID-19 crisis, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Graduate students exhibited higher scores for perceived stress and depressive signs and lower resilience scores in the period before COVID-19 when compared to employees and professors. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current situation due COVID-19 may cause an eminent impact on mental health because the confinement restrictions. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. METHODS: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. RESULTS: We obtained 1,135 responses (893 before COVID-19 and 242 during COVID-19). The volunteers did not show significant differences for perceived stress, depressive signs and resilience before and during the pandemic. In both periods, men exhibited lower scores for perceived stress and depression and higher scores for resilience when compared to women. Undergraduate and graduate students exhibited higher perceived stress scores, more pronounced depressive signs and lower resilience, and employees and professors presented lower scores for perceived stress, depressive signs and greater resilience. CONCLUSIONS: These first months of confinement did not directly affect the scores of perceived stress, depression and resilience, however, each subgroup adapted to the new routine by changing the coping strategy used. This study suggests the importance of monitoring the mental health of member in the university, especially in times of epidemic, in the search for policies that aim to improve the resilience of the population and seek positive and effective coping strategies within the university environment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33161815/ doi: 10.1177/0020764020971318 id: cord-269503-ij4u980v author: Amaratunga, Eluwana A title: Bradycardia in Patients With COVID-19: A Calm Before the Storm? date: 2020-06-13 words: 3493.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269503-ij4u980v.txt summary: This is a retrospective case series of four patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, admitted to St. Luke''s University Health Network ICU between 24 March 2020 and 5 April 2020. A study involving 138 patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, demonstrated cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac injury to be among common complications; 8.7%, 16.7%, 7.2% respectively [1] . Patient demographics, comorbidities, presenting day of illness since symptom onset, admission heart rate, duration of illness at intubation, duration of illness at onset of bradycardia, vital signs [blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, temperature], laboratory studies (including cTnI, ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen), as well as medications and dose adjustments were investigated and compared against episodes of bradycardia. As previously described, acute myocardial injury was thought to be the most common cardiac manifestation in COVID-19 patients and potential for developing cardiac arrhythmias has been noted in a few studies. abstract: Cardiac manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including arrhythmia, have been described in the literature. However, to our knowledge, association of COVID-19 with bradycardia has not been reported. This case study describes sinus bradycardia as a potential manifestation of COVID-19. This is a retrospective case series of four patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, admitted to St. Luke’s University Health Network ICU between 24 March 2020 and 5 April 2020. Medical records of these patients were reviewed using the EPIC electronic health record system. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were reviewed against periods of bradycardia in each patient. The patient group comprised two males and two females. Two patients had pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities but no history of arrythmias. Heart rates ranged between 66 and 88 beats/min on admission. The lowest rates during bradycardia were between 42 and 49 beats/min. The onset of sinus bradycardia in patients 1, 2, and 3 were day nine, 15, and five of illness, respectively. Patient 4 had three episodes of bradycardia, starting on day 10 of illness. Patients’ bradycardia episodes lasted one to 14 days. During bradycardia, maximum body temperatures ranged between 99.9 and 100.2 degree Fahrenheit. Patients 2, 3, and 4 required vasopressors to maintain mean arterial pressure > 65 mmHg during episodes. All four patients were on propofol at some point during bradycardia with patients 1, 2, and 3 also receiving dexmedetomidine. There was no consistent correlation of these medications with bradycardia. Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings included sinus bradycardia. Prolonged QTc interval observed in patient 2 on admission improved during bradycardia. Transient sinus bradycardia is a possible manifestation of COVID-19 and is important for close CV surveillance. Etiology can be multifactorial, but severe hypoxia, inflammatory damage of cardiac pacemaker cells, and exaggerated response to medications are possible triggers. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may act directly on the sinoatrial (SA) node contributing to the development of bradycardia. This may be a warning sign of the onset of a serious cytokine storm. An increased awareness of possible exaggerated bradycardia response is important to consider with the use of empiric medications which have arrhythmogenic effects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550090/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8599 id: cord-263318-v079kur6 author: Amaro, Rommie E. title: A Community Letter Regarding Sharing Biomolecular Simulation Data for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 words: 694.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263318-v079kur6.txt summary: We, as a community, commit to the following principles and offer our support to others already working on open data efforts in the hope that others working on COVID-19 in biomolecular simulation and other areas will adopt similar best practices. • We will make models and trajectories available as soon as possible through open data sharing platforms such as the SARS-CoV-2 Biomolecular Simulation Data and Algo-rithm Store, 2 the Open Science Framework, 3 and the European Open Science Cloud. • We commit to applying thoughtful permissive (and open source) licensing strategies (such as those recommended by Reproducible Research Standard) 5 to ensure that our models and data can be maximally reused, modified, and redistributed to rapidly advance the field in developing new therapies, while appropriately recognizing and acknowledging original authors and contributors. We offer our support to others already working on open data efforts in the hope that others working on COVID-19 in biomolecular simulation and other areas will adopt similar best practices. abstract: There is an urgent need to share our methods, models, and results openly and quickly to test findings, ensure reproducibility, test significance, eliminate dead-ends, and accelerate discovery. Sharing of data for COVID-19 applications will help connect scientists across the global biomolecular simulation community, and also improve connection and communication between simulation and experimental and clinical data and investigators. We, as a community, commit to the following principles and offer our support to others already working on open data efforts in the hope that others working on COVID-19 in biomolecular simulation and other areas will adopt similar best practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32255648/ doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00319 id: cord-269909-1cso5cl4 author: Amatya, Shaili title: Management of newborns exposed to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 5552.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269909-1cso5cl4.txt summary: The unexpectedly high asymptomatic carrier rates reported from other institutions as well as prolonged face-to-face patient care required during labor and delivery drove this decision, allowing for judicious personal protective equipment (PPE) use and decreased potential exposure for both healthcare workers and newborns. Several reports, based on expert opinion, have recommended that DCC not be performed in neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in order to reduce the risk of secondary transmission [15, 47, 49] . For resuscitation of premature, high-risk, and newborns with anomalies born to mothers with cinfirmed or suspected COVID-19, a fully donned neonatal resuscitation team enters the room upon delivery. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Neonatal resuscitation and postresuscitation care of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: There is limited information about newborns with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Particularly in the hospital after delivery, clinicians have refined practices in order to prevent secondary infection. While guidance from international associations is continuously being updated, all facets of care of neonates born to women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 are center-specific, given local customs, building infrastructure constraints, and availability of protective equipment. Based on anecdotal reports from institutions in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic close to our hospital, together with our limited experience, in anticipation of increasing numbers of exposed newborns, we have developed a triage algorithm at the Penn State Hospital at Milton S. Hershey Medical Center that may be useful for other centers anticipating a similar surge. We discuss several care practices that have changed in the COVID-19 era including the use of antenatal steroids, delayed cord clamping (DCC), mother–newborn separation, and breastfeeding. Moreover, this paper provides comprehensive guidance on the most suitable respiratory support for newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present detailed recommendations about the discharge process and beyond, including providing scales and home phototherapy to families, parental teaching via telehealth and in-person education at the doors of the hospital, and telehealth newborn follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-0695-0 doi: 10.1038/s41372-020-0695-0 id: cord-287875-jy9mzets author: Ambrosetti, Maria Chiara title: Rapid onset of bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Pneumonia: two cases studied with CT date: 2020-08-05 words: 2377.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287875-jy9mzets.txt summary: Since chest CT was introduced as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 pneumonia, many typical features of this disease were described such as bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a prevalent peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly in the lower lobes, and sometimes consolidative opacities superimposed on GGOs could be found. Some studies described the evolution of imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia: an increase of GGOs and a progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy-paving pattern 9 . CTPA was performed: no filling defects were detected in the pulmonary arteries, but multiple bilateral peripheral and with mainly subpleural distribution patchy ground-glass opacities were documented, together with initial parenchymal distortion and some areas of consolidation at the posterior-basal segment of both lower lobes. abstract: Since the widespread of acute repiratory syndrome infection caused by Coronavirus-19 unenhanced CT was considered an useful imaging tool commonly used in early diagnosis and monitoring of patients with complicated COVID-19 pneumonia. Many typical imaging features of this disease were described such as bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a prevalent peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly in the lower lobes, and sometimes consolidative opacities superimposed on GGO. As less common findings were mentioned septal thickening, bronchiectasis, pleural thickening and subpleural involvement. After three months from the onset of COVID-19 pneumonia some studies published the evolution of imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia such as an increase of GGOs and a progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy-paving pattern. As far as we know bronchiectasis were described only as a possible aspecific imaging feature of COVID-19 pneumonia and no studies reporting the onset or evolution of bronchiectasis during imaging follow-up in Patients with COVID-19 have been published. Here we describe two cases of rapid evolution of bronchiectasis documented at CT in Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are necessary to determine predisposing factors to the onset of bronchiectasis and to evaluate clinical correlation with respiratory distress. Radiologists should always consider bronchial features when they report CT scans of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1930043320303976 doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.08.008 id: cord-355431-efwuy8p9 author: Ambrosio, Luca title: The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives date: 2020-05-27 words: 4988.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355431-efwuy8p9.txt summary: Due to the higher protective potential, the WHO recommends that all healthcare workers should wear a respirator (≥FFP2/N95) when performing AGPs. In all other situations, wearing a surgical mask is reasonably safe when providing direct care to COVID-19 patients, especially in case of respirator scarcity [51, 58] . (1) Patient and provider safety: interpersonal distancing is required together with proper use of PPE and patient contact restricted to the minimum needed; (2) Provision of necessary care: orthopaedic residents must continue to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; (3) System sustainability: resident workforce should be disposed to obtain the maximum output with minimum effort in respect of resource availability and institutional necessities; (4) System flexibility: the strategy should be tailored to the evolving pandemic and able to adapt to future unpredictable changes; (5) Preservation of command and control: hospital overload, redeployment in COVID-19 departments and disruption of the daily routine are posing a significant stress for residents and trainees. abstract: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and international levels, in a frame of uncertainty and fear. Hospitals have been restructured to provide the best care to COVID-19 patients while adopting preventive strategies not to spread the infection among healthcare providers and patients affected by other diseases. As a consequence, the concept of urgency and indications for elective treatments have been profoundly reshaped. In addition, several providers have been recruited in COVID-19 departments despite their original occupation, resulting in a profound rearrangement of both inpatient and outpatient care. Orthopaedic daily practice has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Surgical indications have been reformulated, with elective cases being promptly postponed and urgent interventions requiring exceptional attention, especially in suspected or COVID-19(+) patients. This has made a strong impact on inpatient management, with the need of a dedicated staff, patient isolation and restrictive visiting hour policies. On the other hand, outpatient visits have been limited to reduce contacts between patients and the hospital personnel, with considerable consequences on post-operative quality of care and the human side of medical practice. In this review, we aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic practice. Particular attention will be dedicated to opportune surgical indication, perioperative care and safe management of both inpatients and outpatients, also considering repercussions of the pandemic on resident education and ethical implications. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 doi: 10.1186/s40634-020-00255-5 id: cord-275452-ymimvoq9 author: Ameen, Fuad title: Covid-19 pandemic outburst in Saudi Arabia: A Glimpse date: 2020-07-30 words: 2456.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275452-ymimvoq9.txt summary: This short review report very briefly highlights covid-19 syndromes; propagation; Middle East outburst, natural products as cure for viral diseases, probable psychosomatic effects, protective measures and Islamic wisdom. Existing pandemic eruption of infections with SARS-CoV2 has been phrased as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) . Existing pandemic eruption of infections with SARS-CoV2 has been phrased as coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) . The rapid global widespread of novel covid-19 viruses lead to World Health Organization (WHO) to declare outbreak as pandemic. The rapid global widespread of novel covid-19 viruses lead to World Health Organization (WHO) to declare outbreak as pandemic. -q (2020) Traditional Chinese medicine is a resource for drug discovery against 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: Abstract Synopsis Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus2(SARS-CoV2) provoked alertness globally. Existing pandemic eruption of infections with SARS-CoV2 has been phrased as coronavirus disease 2019(covid-19). Worldwide pneumonia outburst attributable to new SARS-CoV2 alleged to be originated in Wuhan city of China and has affectation of enormous danger regarding civic wellbeing. As of 11 March 2020, international death toll owing to outburst of new coronavirus was approximately 3,800, and about 110,000 have been declared as confirmed cases. The novel SARS-CoV2 demonstrated competence with respect to human to human communication; therefore depicted exponential intensification of cases. As of March 23, there are 374,513 collective cases of global infections; more than 16,350 deaths and number of recovered cases is 101,554. Now Europe has turn out into new epicenter of lethal coronavirus. More than one third of the covid 19 cases are currently outside China. Presently Italy is one of worst hit countries followed by Spain. The rapid global widespread of novel covid-19 viruses lead to World Health Organization (WHO) to declare outbreak as pandemic. Given to seriousness of present scenario an accurate and rapid classification of noxious pathogenic virus is important which will lend a hand in opting for best fitting drugs. The screening program will aid saving people’s lives and help to put off the pandemic situation. The scientists and researchers should collaborate nationally and internationally to win the battle against novel covid-19. We aimed to represent covid 19 outburst scenario in general and Saudi Arabia in particular. This short review report very briefly highlights covid-19 syndromes; propagation; Middle East outburst, natural products as cure for viral diseases, probable psychosomatic effects, protective measures and Islamic wisdom. SARS-CoV2 is subsequent coronavirus outburst that perturbs Middle East, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which has been originated in kingdom of Saudi Arabia in year 2002 and 2012 respectively. The report covers information and developments till 23rd of March 2020 on basis of current published data and studies published on different scientific web-pages. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X20303260?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.026 id: cord-281121-pleula62 author: Ameer, Nasir title: Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-14 words: 2388.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281121-pleula62.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281121-pleula62.txt summary: At least four cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome have been reported in the literature with concurrent COVID-19 illness in whom respiratory signs appeared a few days after the onset of neurological signs. During the current pandemic, presence of concurrent COVID-19 infection needs to be considered in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome. 7 There have been at least 12 cases reported in the literature as of 2 May 2020 linking Guillain-Barré syndrome with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). 18 Our patient developed signs of Guillain-Barré syndrome before COVID-19 respiratory symptoms started on day 4 of weakness. ► If neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection could appear before respiratory symptoms, it would be of utmost importance to use effective personal protective equipment, in particular for aerosol-generating procedures such as spirometry, in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. abstract: A construction worker in his 30s presented three times in 4 days with progressive upper and then lower limb weakness. On the first two occasions he had no systemic symptoms, but on the third presentation he had fever and cough, starting from day 4 of weakness. Examination identified weakness in all four limbs and areflexia, suggesting a peripheral neuromuscular disorder. Investigations were consistent with Guillain-Barré syndrome and additional COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The patient improved after immunoglobulin treatment. At least four cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome have been reported in the literature with concurrent COVID-19 illness in whom respiratory signs appeared a few days after the onset of neurological signs. With the incubation period for COVID-19 respiratory symptoms believed to be up to 14 days, it is possible that neurological symptoms could develop before respiratory and other symptoms. During the current pandemic, presence of concurrent COVID-19 infection needs to be considered in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928835/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236978 id: cord-320888-mn7btxy2 author: Ameh, C. A. title: Reproductive Maternal and Newborn Health providers assessment of facility preparedness and its Determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-09-25 words: 5972.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320888-mn7btxy2.txt summary: Two hundred and fifty-six RMNH workers participated, 35.2% reported that RMNH services were unavailable at some time since March 2020, 39% felt moderate or extreme work-related burnout, 84% were moderately or extremely concerned about the availability of PPE and related guidelines, and only 11.7% were extremely satisfied with the preparedness of their HFs. Our final model was a statistically significant predictor of RMNH worker perception of HF preparedness explaining 54.7% of the variation in the outcome variable. The objective of this study was to assess the preparedness of the health system in Lagos State, Nigeria for the COVID-19 outbreak based on the perception of RMNH providers, and to determine what factors (work-related stress, training, support and coping strategies/support mechanisms, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and guidelines, attendance for RMNH services) significantly predict this. abstract: The global COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to compromise the achievement of global reproductive, maternal and newborn health (RMNH) targets. The objective of this study was to determine the health facility (HF) preparedness for RMNH service delivery during the outbreak from the perspective of RMNH providers and to determine what factors significantly predict this. An anonymous cross-sectional online survey of RMNH providers was conducted from 1st to 21st July 2020 in Lagos state Nigeria. We conducted a descriptive and ordinal regression analysis, with RMNH worker perception of HF preparedness for RMNH service delivery during the outbreak as the dependent variable. Two hundred and fifty-six RMNH workers participated, 35.2% reported that RMNH services were unavailable at some time since March 2020, 39% felt moderate or extreme work-related burnout, 84% were moderately or extremely concerned about the availability of PPE and related guidelines, and only 11.7% were extremely satisfied with the preparedness of their HFs. Our final model was a statistically significant predictor of RMNH worker perception of HF preparedness explaining 54.7% of the variation in the outcome variable. A one-unit increase in the level of satisfaction with the communication from HF management and level of concern about the availability of PPE and COVID-19 guidelines would increase the odds of observing a higher category of satisfaction with HF COVID-19 preparedness (OR 0.79-2.92, p<0.001 and 0.02-0.15 p<0.001 respectively). Adequate support of RMNH providers particularly provision of PPE and guidelines, appropriate communications about COVID-19 should be prioritised as part of health system preparedness. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.24.20201319v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.24.20201319 id: cord-350131-rsrlri8m author: Amer, Mohamed A. title: Early recovery patterns of olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients; a clinical cohort study date: 2020-09-14 words: 2165.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350131-rsrlri8m.txt summary: METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort study included 96 patients with olfactory complaint confirmed to be COVID-19 positive with recent onset of anosmia. Unlike other viral infections, olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients seems characteristic as it is not associated with rhinorrhea or any other nasal symptoms (5) . (5&13) In the current study, most patients had sudden anosmia (80 patients -83%) while (16 patients -17%) patients developed gradual loss of smell with 80 % of patients had a previous history of contact with anosmic patients, olfactory upset was accompanied by nonspecific inflammatory symptoms as low-grade fever (17% of patients) and fever in 48% of their cohort with myalgia in 59% of them, also, they expressed nasal obstruction & rhinorrhea in 32% & 37% of their patients. In the current study we offered no specific treatment for olfactory dysfunction that accompanies Covid-19 infection as early reports suggest rapid recovery within few weeks (15&19) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: A rapidly evolving evidence suggests that smell dysfunction is a common symptom in COVID-19 infection with paucity of data on its duration and recovery rate. OBJECTIVES: Delineate the different patterns of olfactory disorders recovery in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This cross-sectional cohort study included 96 patients with olfactory complaint confirmed to be COVID-19 positive with recent onset of anosmia. All patients were inquired for smell recovery patterns using self-assessment questionnaires. RESULTS: Ninety six patients completed the study with mean age 34.26 ± 11.91 years. Most patients had sudden anosmia 83%. Loss of smell was accompanied by nonspecific inflammatory symptoms as low-grade fever (17%) and generalized body ache (25%). Nasal symptoms were reported by 33% of patients. Some patients reported comorbidities as D.M (16%), hypertension (8%) or associated allergic rhinitis (25%), different patterns of olfactory recovery showed 32 patients experiencing full recovery (33.3%) while, 40 patients showed partial recovery (41.7%) after a mean of 11 days while 24 patients (25%) showed no recovery within one month from onset of anosmia. CONCLUSION: The sudden olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom in patients with COVID-19. Hyposmia patients recover more rapidly than anosmic ones while the middle age group carried the best prognosis in olfactory recovery. Females possess better potentiality in regaining smell after recovery and the association of comorbidities worsen the recovery rate of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2b a cross-sectional cohort study. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196070920304191 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102725 id: cord-307941-kato4ix2 author: Ameri, Arefeh title: Tele-Pharmacy: A New Opportunity for Consultation in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-14 words: 728.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307941-kato4ix2.txt summary: authors: Ameri, Arefeh; Salmanizadeh, Farzad; Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz Tele-pharmacy is one of the practical aspects of telemedicine that refers to providing pharmaceutical services within the scope of a pharmacist''s responsibilities, with a temporal and spatial distance between patients as the consumers of health services, and healthcare providers. Tele-pharmacy is used when a pharmacist is needed,while cannot be presented in person (5-7 In other words, tele-pharmacy reforms have also been known as an initiative to increase access to pharmacies among underserved populations, such as patients with COVID-19 in rural areas. The pharmacist may give consultation on diet, self-protection and medication instructions after discharge, health care improvement, follow-up of disease, and knowledge required by patients concerning COVID-19 (8) . Thus, although the tele-pharmacy program would not solve all the health problems, it is well suited as a solution in the relationship between pharmacists and healthcare providers or for the consultation between pharmacists and patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.005 id: cord-270951-6nq3jwgr author: Amerio, Paolo title: COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Should we fear for patients treated with biologics? date: 2020-05-05 words: 2258.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270951-6nq3jwgr.txt summary: One of question is if psoriasis patients treated with immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have to discontinue their treatment in the midst of fears for the infection and its consequences. Previous coronaviruses outbreaks reports, current published evidences on pathogenesis and on clinical reports of COVID infection in immunosuppressed patients are used to make a scientifically based decision. 3 Recently some concern over the possibility that cytokine directed immunosuppressive treatment may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in psoriasis patients has been expressed. Given the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of SARS and MERS severe disease, also ant inflammatory drugs have been suggested as novel treatments in these diseases. High levels of IL-2, IL-7, GM-CSF, MIP1-α, and TNF-α have also been correlated with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China abstract: The new coronavirus pandemic poses question and challenges for dermatologists. One of question is if psoriasis patients treated with immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have to discontinue their treatment in the midst of fears for the infection and its consequences. One of the challenges is how can we support our patients in this critical time. Previous coronaviruses outbreaks reports, current published evidences on pathogenesis and on clinical reports of COVID infection in immunosuppressed patients are used to make a scientifically based decision. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314483/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13434 id: cord-275334-0689o76n author: Amewu, Sena title: The Economic Costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a Simulation Exercise for Ghana date: 2020-10-30 words: 7073.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt summary: Social Accounting Matrix multiplier model results show that Ghana''s urban lockdown, although in force for only three weeks in April 2020, has likely caused GDP to fall by 27.9% during that period, while an additional 3.8 million Ghanaians temporarily became poor. SAM multiplier models are ideally suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand-or supply-side economic shocks such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through capturing the complex linkages between various economic sectors as well as household employment and consumption patterns, SAM multiplier models can be used to simulate the direct and indirect effects of economic shocks on domestic production, value-added (GDP), employment, and household income and poverty. Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier models are ideally suited to measuring short-term direct and indirect impacts of unanticipated, rapid-onset demand-or supply-side economic shocks, such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (Breisinger et al. abstract: Globally, countries have resorted to social distancing, travel restrictions and economic lockdowns to reduce transmission of COVID-19. The socioeconomic costs of these blunt measures are expected to be high, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where many live hand-to-mouth and lack social safety nets. Social Accounting Matrix multiplier model results show that Ghana’s urban lockdown, although in force for only three weeks in April 2020, has likely caused GDP to fall by 27.9% during that period, while an additional 3.8 million Ghanaians temporarily became poor. Compared to the government’s revised GDP growth rate of 1.5% for 2020, the model predicts a contraction of 0.6 to 6.3% for 2020, depending on the speed of the recovery. The US$200 million budgeted for Ghana’s Coronavirus Alleviation Program will close only a small part of the estimated US$ 2.3 billion GDP gap between the fast recovery scenario and government’s revised GDP trajectory. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00332-6 doi: 10.1057/s41287-020-00332-6 id: cord-307927-bwltiaeo author: Amiel, Gilad E. title: Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-09-15 words: 947.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307927-bwltiaeo.txt summary: title: Caring for the Caregivers: Mental and Spiritual Support for Healthcare Teams During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond All this puts a huge burden on healthcare providers in general and those who treat cancer patients in particular. Positive professional quality of life leads to compassion satisfaction and better patient care. Even before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout (BO) among caregivers in general, and physicians in particular, was widespread. This leads to negative professional quality of life and two possible detrimental effects: compassion fatigue (CF) and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Although an emphasis should be made on those who are staffing departments serving COVID-19 patients, it is in the interest of all healthcare systems to support teams treating oncologic patients and other practices [13] . Burnout among healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and evidence-based interventions Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01859-2 doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01859-2 id: cord-301934-l0gfangp author: Amin, Kritika Premnath title: Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Strategies for Work-Life Balance date: 2020-07-10 words: 2554.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301934-l0gfangp.txt summary: Given the apparent considerable increase in online gaming and the occupational and/or educational disruption it may cause for some individuals, it is important to maintain a healthy work/life balance during the COVID-19 crisis. The proposed model of lifestyle balance by Matuska and Christiansen (2008) suggests five aspects (i.e., health and physical safety; having rewarding and self-affirming relationships; feeling interested, engaged, challenged, and competent; creating meaning and positive personal identity; and organizing time and energy to meet personal goals). Here, we recommend the following strategies to maintain occupational and/or educational balance in times of challenge due to lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic. When these routines are disrupted due to excessive engagement in online gaming, it may lead to occupational and/or educational imbalance inducing stress, anxiety, and various mental health issues (Brown and Hollis 2013) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00358-1 id: cord-283956-zgrtux7i author: Amin, Sk. Abdul title: Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists date: 2020-06-12 words: 5095.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283956-zgrtux7i.txt summary: Like other RNA viruses, the functional significance of this Mpro or chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 emerges as an attractive drug target for the development of anti-viral agents. A group of scientists from the Cairo University, Egypt predicted COVID-19 spike binding site to a cell-surface receptor namely Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) by employing structural bioinformatics in combination with protein-protein docking [55] . An early virtual screening (VS) study of FDA approved drugs (retrieved from Selleckchem Inc.) against the first resolved SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structure (PDB: 6LU7) was performed. In another study, Elfiky [67] reported SARS-CoV-2 RdRp targeted molecular docking study of some anti-polymerase drugs which have been approved for use against various viruses. This study deals with the information currently available on potential targets for therapeutic invention and screening of new compounds or drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 8 ). Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 abstract: The ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic makes us painfully perceive that our bullet shells are blank so far for fighting against severe human coronavirus (HCoV). In spite of vast research work, it is crystal clear that the evident does not warrant the commercial blossoming of anti-HCoV drugs. In this circumstance, drug repurposing and/or screening of databases are the only fastest option. This study is an initiative to recapitulate the medicinal chemistry of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim is to present an exquisite delineation of the current research from the perspective of a medicinal chemist to allow the rapid development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563814/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112559 id: cord-315569-e56c5g8h author: Aminian, Ali title: Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-20 words: 1803.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315569-e56c5g8h.txt summary: There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. The aim of this report is to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of bariatric surgical patients during the initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak. Beginning of March 2020, given the huge burden of COVID-19 outbreak on the health care systems, critical shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators, and risk of hospital transmission of infection, nonessential elective surgical procedures, including bariatric surgical procedures, have been postponed in many places around the world. Patients who develop shortness of breath or fever in the early postoperative period of bariatric surgery would require several diagnostic tests to rule out typical surgical complications such as gastrointestinal leak or pulmonary embolism. abstract: There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. Four gastric bypass operations, performed in a 2-week period between Feb 24 and March 4, 2020, in Tehran, Iran, were complicated with COVID-19. The mean age and body mass index were 46 ± 12 years and 49 ± 3 kg/m(2). Patients developed their symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue) 1, 2, 4, and 14 days after surgery. One patient had unnoticed anosmia 2 days before surgery. Three patients were readmitted in hospital. All 4 patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine. In two patients who required admission in intensive care unit, other off-label therapies including antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents were also administered. All patients survived. In conclusion, COVID-19 can complicate the postoperative course of patients after bariatric surgery. Correct diagnosis and management in the postoperative setting would be challenging. Timing of infection after surgery in our series would raise the possibility of hospital transmission of COVID-19: from asymptomatic patients at the time of bariatric surgery to the healthcare workers versus acquiring the COVID-19 infection by non-infected patients in the perioperative period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314249/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04617-x id: cord-341480-thia28sh author: Aminlari, Amir title: A Case of COVID-19 Diagnosed At Home with Portable Ultrasound and Confirmed with Home Serology Test date: 2020-10-12 words: 553.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341480-thia28sh.txt summary: Case Report We report a case of an otherwise healthy Emergency Physician diagnosed with COVID-19 at home using portable ultrasound, pulse oximetry and antibody testing. This case was particularly unique in that the patient and her husband were both emergency 93 physicians with the requisite skillset to perform a portable point-of-care ultrasound at home to 94 correctly make the diagnosis and also to rule out other worrisome conditions such as DVT, right 95 heart strain from a massive PE, pericardial effusion and lobar pneumonia. We recognize that a 96 portable ultrasound machine and the skillset required for its use outside of the hospital setting fast approaching, we must be willing to consider all treatment options and pathways that are patients in the general population, the combination of a pulse-oximeter and home serology test is useful to diagnose COVID-19, and decide if and when to go to the emergency room, thereby 105 alleviating stress on our healthcare system. abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed us to find better ways to accurately diagnose what can be an elusory disease, preferably in a way that limits exposure to others. The potential for home diagnosis and monitoring could reduce infectious risk for other patients and healthcare providers, limit use of finite hospital resources and enable better social distancing/isolation practices. Case Report We report a case of an otherwise healthy Emergency Physician diagnosed with COVID-19 at home using portable ultrasound, pulse oximetry and antibody testing. Her clinical picture and typical lung findings of COVID-19 on ultrasound, combined with a normal echo and negative DVT study, helped inform her diagnosis. She then monitored her clinical course using pulse oximetry, was able to self-isolate for four weeks and had an uneventful recovery. Her diagnosis was confirmed with a positive IgG antibody test after three weeks. Conclusions Novel times call for novel solutions and our case demonstrates one possible path for home diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19. The tools used, namely ultrasound and pulse oximetry, should be familiar with most modern emergency physicians. Ultrasound in particular was helpful in eliminating other potential diagnoses, such as pulmonary embolus. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0736467920310660 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.10.022 id: cord-281194-yafwcway author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Battle with COVID-19 in Iran: What lessons can be learned from the implementation of response strategies so far? date: 2020-05-13 words: 1126.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281194-yafwcway.txt summary: 2, 3 The global condition is evolving dynamically, and on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that COVID-19 is a "public-health emergency of international concern." During the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) reported the first cases of coronavirus on February 19, 2020 in Qom. 4 As of March 6, 2020, according to MOHME, 27,017 cases of COVID-19 have been identified in the country, 2,077 of whom have died and 9,625 of whom have recovered so far. For this reason, the first action after the media provided public education on COVID-19 disease was to establish a Corona National Antivirus Headquarters chaired by the President of Iran and headed by the MOHME. The Social-Law Enforcement Committee of the Coronavirus Battle National Headquarters at the Iranian Interior Ministry began implementing the social distancing plan in March; it will continue through April 2020, and it will be extended by the Committee if necessary. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.231 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.231 id: cord-323826-nxst9poy author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays date: 2020-05-04 words: 737.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323826-nxst9poy.txt summary: title: Electronic screening through community engagement: A national strategic plan to find COVID-19 patients and reduce clinical intervention delays The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education designed and has been implementing an electronic national screening system (https://salamat.gov.ir/) using a modern information network technology. This self-screening plan has been successful through government implementation and community engagement. In conclusion, a successful electronic screening system was developed and introduced to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. On one hand, this system helps in the initial identification of patients with COVID-19 infections and prevents any delay in clinical interventions. Reference: Daily Situation Report on COVID-19, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, IR Iran. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education website abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.188 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.188 id: cord-345198-avnxgwwj author: Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad title: Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share date: 2020-05-19 words: 703.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345198-avnxgwwj.txt summary: Citizens with positive symptoms will receive personal and family protection advice in accordance with the MOHME guidelines in the form of Short Message Service (SMS) and will be referred to the nearest selected Comprehensive Health Centers (CHCs) where they are checked by the physician according to the national protocol for COVID-19 and, if necessary, referred to emergency departments of hospitals. Asymptomatic citizens will receive an SMS stating that if you experience symptoms of the disease in the coming days, update your symptom information on the website or refer the selected CHCs. For citizens who do not have access to the internet or are unable to record information about their symptoms on this website, clinical officers (Behvarz in Persian) in rural areas and healthcare providers (Moragheb-e-salamat in Persian) in urban and suburban areas will perform screening and follow-up based on electronic health records using the 4030 line. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209806 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209806 id: cord-287102-o19uwryp author: Amit, Moran title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study date: 2020-07-18 words: 4182.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287102-o19uwryp.txt summary: The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. The recorded data included the following: age, sex, medical comorbidities (i.e., smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and dementia), medication history, vital signs, chest X-rays, laboratory studies on admission to the ICU, anti-Covid-19 pharmacological therapy in the ICU (antimalarials, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and plasma from recovered patients), respiratory support method (invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen mask), renal replacement therapy, nutrition methods (enteral and total parenteral nutrition), the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), complications, and outcome. In this nation-based registry study of critically ill patients with Covid-19 who were admitted to ICUs in Israel, the majority of patients were 55 years and older men, and a large proportion required mechanical ventilation. abstract: Knowledge of the outcomes of critically ill patients is crucial for health and government officials who are planning how to address local outbreaks. The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. Methods: This was a retrospective registry-based case series of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were referred for ICU admission and treated in the ICUs of the 13 participating centers in Israel between 5 March and 27 April 2020. Demographic and clinical data including clinical management were collected and subjected to a multivariable analysis; primary outcome was mortality. Results: This study included 156 patients (median age = 72 years (range = 22–97 years)); 69% (108 of 156) were male. Eighty-nine percent (139 of 156) of patients had at least one comorbidity. One hundred three patients (66%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. As of 8 May 2020, the median length of stay in the ICU was 10 days (range = 0–37 days). The overall mortality rate was 56%; a multivariable regression model revealed that increasing age (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), the presence of sepsis (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), and a shorter ICU stay(OR = 0.90 for each day, 95% CI = 0.84–0.96) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: In our case series, we found lower mortality rates than those in exhausted health systems. The results of our multivariable model suggest that further evaluation is needed of antiviral and antibacterial agents in the treatment of sepsis and secondary infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708357/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9072282 id: cord-104454-qavbcwp7 author: Amon, Joseph J. title: COVID-19 and Detention: Respecting Human Rights date: 2020-06-17 words: 1168.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104454-qavbcwp7.txt summary: 16 If police, first responders, and corrections officers are significantly affected by COVID-19, whether through being infected, exposed by detainees, their fellow officers, or in the community, large numbers will be unavailable to work due to self-quarantine or isolation, at the same time that large numbers of detainees who are potentially exposed will need to be put into individual isolation or transferred to advanced medical care, putting tremendous stress on detention facilities. 19 To address the risk in detention settings, detention centers must first and foremost have plans in place to prevent or limit the outbreak of COVID-19, to protect the health of all detainees, and to treat the disease should any detainee acquire it. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7348448/ doi: nan id: cord-297323-l3f12hg4 author: Amor, Sandra title: Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage date: 2020-09-26 words: 4982.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297323-l3f12hg4.txt summary: Like many viruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection including low CpG levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor binding domain, RNA shielding and generation of viral proteins that actively impede anti‐viral interferon responses. These subsequently induce expression of type I IFNs (IFNα/β) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) [figure 2] many of which have potent antiviral activities, as well as other proinflammatory mediators e.g. cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial peptides that are essential to initiate the host innate and adaptive immune response. Likewise, viral load, obesity, gender, race, blood groups and comorbidities have all been reported to influence the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, [ Table 4 ; (101) (102) (103) (104) (105) (106) (107) (108) (109) (110) (111) (112) ] although few studies have fully examined the extent to which subversion and activation of innate immune components contribute to susceptibility in these cases. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling via TRIF Contributes to a Protective Innate Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection abstract: Innate immune sensing of viral molecular patterns is essential for development of antiviral responses. Like many viruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection including low CpG levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor binding domain, RNA shielding and generation of viral proteins that actively impede anti‐viral interferon responses. Together these strategies allow widespread infection and increased viral load. Despite the efforts of immune subversion, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection activates innate immune pathways inducing a robust type I/III interferon response, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and recruitment of neutrophils and myeloid cells. This may induce hyperinflammation or alternatively, effectively recruit adaptive immune responses that help clear the infection and prevent reinfection. The dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system due to downregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, together with the activation of type I/III interferon response, and inflammasome response converge to promote free radical production and oxidative stress. This exacerbates tissue damage in the respiratory system but also leads to widespread activation of coagulation pathways leading to thrombosis. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of the innate immune response following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, much of which is based on the knowledge from SARS‐CoV and other coronaviruses. Understanding how the virus subverts the initial immune response and how an aberrant innate immune response contributes to the respiratory and vascular damage in COVID‐19 may help explain factors that contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13523 doi: 10.1111/cei.13523 id: cord-354941-0ocsf255 author: Amorin‐Woods, Deisy title: Family Therapy and COVID‐19: International Reflections during the Pandemic from Systemic Therapists across the Globe date: 2020-06-08 words: 10005.0 sentences: 523.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354941-0ocsf255.txt summary: This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. I felt as if these early collections merged into one, represent the ''holding, healing space'' that we as therapists need, before we dare consider what life may look like on the ''other side.'' Without this, how could we support our clients in putting themselves, their families, and their lives back together, in even contemplating what a world of ''functionality'' or ''normality'' may look like? It is crucial that we are able to name and process our experiences in order to support our Global Family Therapists reflect on COVID-19 ª 2020 Australian Association of Family Therapy clients to do the same, in order to provide the holding space they need, and joining-in with them (Minuchin, 1974) . abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has convulsed human communities across the globe like no previous event in history. Family therapists, paradoxically, given the core of their work is with systems, are also experiencing upheaval in professional and personal lives, trying to work amidst a society in chaos. This paper offers a collection of reflections by systemic and family therapists from diverse cultures and contexts penned in the midst of the pandemic. The main intention in distilling these narratives is to preserve the ‘cultural diversity’ and ‘ecological position’ of the contributors, guided by phenomenology, cultural ecology, and systemic worldviews of ‘experiencing.’ The second intention is to ‘unite’ promoting solidarity in this isolating situation by bringing each story together, creating its own metaphor of a family: united, connected, stronger. As a cross‐cultural family practitioner, with a strong mission for collaboration, the lead author acknowledges the importance of Context – the nation and location of the experience; Culture – the manner in which culture impacts on experience; Collaboration – enhancing partnership, enriching knowledge, and mapping the journey’s direction; and Connectedness – combating isolation while enhancing unity. Since the key transmission of culture is through language, raw reflections were sought initially in the practitioners’ own language, which were translated for an English‐speaking readership. These narratives are honest and rich descriptions of the authors’ lived experiences, diverse and distinctive. The contributors trust colleagues will find these reflections helpful, validating and acknowledging the challenges of this unique period in history. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1416 doi: 10.1002/anzf.1416 id: cord-313543-ad3c0hve author: Amram, Ofer title: Development of a vulnerability index for diagnosis with the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, in Washington State, USA date: 2020-06-26 words: 1542.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313543-ad3c0hve.txt summary: We developed an index of COVID-19 vulnerability using a regression modeling approach with observed diagnosis at the Zipcode level in Washington State; ●. 10 In this article, we demonstrate an empirical approach to developing a small-area COVID-19 vulnerability index using statistics on diagnoses in two counties from Washington State, USA, along with demographic and population health. The COVID-19 diagnosis rates for the two most populous counties in Washington State were obtained from the King and Spokane County Departments of Health. A limitation of this index is that we only used ZIP code level COVID-19 cases from two counties in Washington State to assess its validity. This COVID-19 vulnerability index is based on Zip-code level and publicly-available data on demographic, socioeconomic, and medical risk factors can be used to understand population-and community-level variation in susceptibility to COVID-19 across Washington State. abstract: ●. In the United States, morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection varies substantially among populations and geographic regions; ●. Variation has been attributed to chronic disease burden, and certain sociodemographic factors; ●. We developed an index of COVID-19 vulnerability using a regression modeling approach with observed diagnosis at the Zipcode level in Washington State; ●. The resulting index can be used by policy makers for the targeting of public health and health care resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838894/ doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102377 id: cord-207839-h8mcmqnc author: Amran, Dor title: Automated triage of COVID-19 from various lung abnormalities using chest CT features date: 2020-10-24 words: 2309.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-207839-h8mcmqnc.txt summary: More specifically, we produce multiple descriptive features, including lung and infections statistics, texture, shape and location, to train a machine learning based classifier that distinguishes between COVID-19 and other lung abnormalities (including community acquired pneumonia). Figure 2 shows our system, which is composed of two main steps: an image processing pipeline and a feature analysis pipeline, which produces the final classification. As shown in Figure 2 , once the image pipeline outputs and feature extraction steps are performed for all chest CT scans, a feature-based dataset is used to train a machine learning classifier to differentiate between COVID-19 and other lung abnormalities. Rows 1 − 5: Classification performance (mean results) of different classifiers utilizing all depicted features. To assess the quantitative contribution of the groups we conducted an ablation study, removing in turn each of the feature groups from the classification process and measuring the effect on the final ensemble classifier performance. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has lead to a global effort to decelerate the pandemic spread. For this purpose chest computed-tomography (CT) based screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 suspected patients is utilized, either as a support or replacement to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. In this paper, we propose a fully automated AI based system that takes as input chest CT scans and triages COVID-19 cases. More specifically, we produce multiple descriptive features, including lung and infections statistics, texture, shape and location, to train a machine learning based classifier that distinguishes between COVID-19 and other lung abnormalities (including community acquired pneumonia). We evaluated our system on a dataset of 2191 CT cases and demonstrated a robust solution with 90.8% sensitivity at 85.4% specificity with 94.0% ROC-AUC. In addition, we present an elaborated feature analysis and ablation study to explore the importance of each feature. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12967v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-352853-9a7fi46y author: Amyar, Amine title: Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation date: 2020-10-08 words: 5812.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352853-9a7fi46y.txt summary: title: Multi-task Deep Learning Based CT Imaging Analysis For COVID-19 Pneumonia: Classification and Segmentation In this work, we propose a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. In this work, we propose a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. For the detection of COVID-19 and the segmentation of the infection at the lung level, several deep learning works on chest X-ray images and CT scans have emerged and reported in [34] . In this work, we propose a novel multi-task deep learning model for jointly detecting COVID-19 image and segmenting lesions. We have developed a new deep learning multi-task model to jointly detect COVID-19 CT images and segment the regions of infection. abstract: This paper presents an automatic classification segmentation tool for helping screening COVID-19 pneumonia using chest CT imaging. The segmented lesions can help to assess the severity of pneumonia and follow-up the patients. In this work, we propose a new multitask deep learning model to jointly identify COVID-19 patient and segment COVID-19 lesion from chest CT images. Three learning tasks: segmentation, classification and reconstruction are jointly performed with different datasets. Our motivation is on the one hand to leverage useful information contained in multiple related tasks to improve both segmentation and classification performances, and on the other hand to deal with the problems of small data because each task can have a relatively small dataset. Our architecture is composed of a common encoder for disentangled feature representation with three tasks, and two decoders and a multi-layer perceptron for reconstruction, segmentation and classification respectively. The proposed model is evaluated and compared with other image segmentation techniques using a dataset of 1369 patients including 449 patients with COVID-19, 425 normal ones, 98 with lung cancer and 397 of different kinds of pathology. The obtained results show very encouraging performance of our method with a dice coefficient higher than 0.88 for the segmentation and an area under the ROC curve higher than 97% for the classification. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482520303681?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104037 id: cord-296936-5gkx4jxa author: An, M. H. title: Treatment Response to Hydroxychloroquine and Antibiotics for mild to moderate COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from South Korea date: 2020-07-07 words: 3788.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296936-5gkx4jxa.txt summary: Results: Kaplan-Meier curves drawn using propensity score-matched data revealed no differences between the length of time to viral clearance and duration of hospital stay between the two treatment arms (p=0.18, p=0.088). Conclusions: HQ with antibiotics was not associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms compared to conservative treatment alone. There were significant differences between two groups before propensity score matching in all endpoints: time to viral clearance, hospital stay, and symptom duration ( Table 2) . This retrospective cohort study compared treatment response to two different treatment protocols in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients using several clinical outcome measures. HQ with antibiotics was not associated with better clinical outcomes and did not reduce time to viral clearance, length of hospital stays, and duration of symptoms compared to conservative treatment in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. abstract: Objectives: To assess the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on mild-moderate COVID-19 patients in South Korea. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the 358 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients was conducted. 226 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox regression method were utilized to control and adjust for confounding factors. Mild to moderate COVID-19 patients were managed with hydroxychloroquine (HQ) plus antibiotics (n = 31) or conservative treatment (n = 195). Results: Kaplan-Meier curves drawn using propensity score-matched data revealed no differences between the length of time to viral clearance and duration of hospital stay between the two treatment arms (p=0.18, p=0.088). Multivariable Cox regression analysis similarly showed that time to viral clearance(Hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, [95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.67]) and symptom duration(HR 1.05, [95%-CI: 0.62-1.78]) were not different between groups. No severe adverse event or death was observed in either group. Conclusions: HQ with antibiotics was not associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of time to viral clearance, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms compared to conservative treatment alone. Large prospective randomized trials are necessary for definitive conclusions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.04.20146548v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.04.20146548 id: cord-289574-engwi8h3 author: An, Peng-jiao title: Biochemical indicators of coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbation and the clinical implications date: 2020-05-23 words: 3188.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289574-engwi8h3.txt summary: Accumulating evidence suggested that the progression of COVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and excessive inflammation, and a subset of severe cases might exhibit cytokine storm triggered by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Previously, it has been found that the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)], and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, and IL-8) in SARS-CoV infected patients were higher than those in healthy individuals. Procalcitonin (PCT), released by bacterial infectious tissues under the irritation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is a more specific marker of serious bacterial infection compared to C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 [111] PCT-based strategy has been applied to guide antibiotic use in ICU or emergency wards, since the serum PCT levels in patients with severe bacterial infections are much higher than those with simple viral infections or non-specific inflammatory diseases [111] [112] [113] . The definition and risks of Cytokine Release Syndrome-Like in 11 COVID-19-Infected Pneumonia critically ill patients: Disease Characteristics and Retrospective Analysis abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sparked a global pandemic, affecting more than 4 million people worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); with a fatality of 7.0 %. Accumulating evidence suggested that the progression of COVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and excessive inflammation, and a subset of severe cases might exhibit cytokine storm triggered by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Furthermore, secondary bacterial infection may contribute to the exacerbation of COVID-19. We recommend using both IL-10 and IL-6 as the indicators of cytokine storm, and monitoring the elevation of procalcitonin (PCT) as an alert for initiating antibacterial agents. Understanding the dynamic progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial to determine an effective treatment strategy to reduce the rising mortality of this global pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661820312548 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104946 id: cord-341256-2j0tqmd4 author: An, Ying title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-15 words: 2367.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341256-2j0tqmd4.txt summary: title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its correlates and the association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Emergency Department (ED) nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Consistent with previous findings (Lai et al., 2020) , frontline nurses who engaged in clinical care of COVID-19 patients were at higher risk of depression in the current study. Considering the detrimental impact of depression on quality of life and quality of care (Ng et al., 2013) , health authorities should organize regular screening targeting depression, and develop preventive measures to alleviate the risk of depression by providing a timely provision of financial support, online psychological counselling service, and on-site psychological guidance as well as offering psychiatric treatment for vulnerable nurses directly engaged in the treatment and care of COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Frontline medical staff exposed to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could be psychologically and mentally exhausted. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its correlates and the association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Emergency Department (ED) nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS: This national, cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March 15 to March 20, 2020 in China. Depression and QOL were measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version, respectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of depression in 1,103 ED nurses was 43.61% (95% CI=40.68%-46.54%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that working in tertiary hospitals (OR=1.647, P=0.009), direct patient care of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.421, P=0.018), and currently smoking (OR=3.843, P<0.001) were significantly associated with depression. After controlling for covariates, nurses with depression had an overall lower quality of life compared to those without (F((1,1103))=423.83, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Depression is common among ED nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of depression on quality of patient care and nurses’ quality of life, a heightened awareness and early treatment of depression for frontline ED nurses should be provided. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047 id: cord-309590-8p7qp4it author: Anacak, Yavuz title: Changes in radiotherapy practice during COVID–19 outbreak in turkey: a report from the turkish society for radiation oncology date: 2020-06-13 words: 1121.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309590-8p7qp4it.txt summary: TROD informed its members with regular announcements, produced guidelines for management of radiotherapy departments and recommendations for site-specific treatment modifications, and prepared a document to inform cancer patients about the do''s and don''ts during the pandemic. The survey had 14 items questioning the number of radiotherapy personnel assigned in COVID-19 clinics, administrative changes in the departments, modifications to radiotherapy workflow, changes in the patient admissions and the statistics of COVID-19 infected staff and patients. 107 departments were in a pandemic hospital and a total of 213 radiotherapy staff (139 RO, 34 nurses, 7 RTT, 12 secretaries and 21 others) were assigned to the COVID-19 clinics temporarily and keep working at radiotherapy units as well. Table-1: Administrative arrangements and treatment modifications in radiation oncology centers of Turkey during COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.014 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.014 id: cord-345834-l2e5v39s author: Anacleto, M.A. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 words: 5230.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt summary: Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava''s work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil''s active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). abstract: We here propose to model active and cumulative cases data from COVID-19 by a continuous effective model based on a modified diffusion equation under Lifshitz scaling with a dynamic diffusion coefficient. The proposed model is rich enough to capture different aspects of a complex virus diffusion as humanity has been recently facing. The model being continuous it is bound to be solved analytically and/or numerically. So, we investigate two possible models where the diffusion coefficient associated with possible types of contamination are captured by some specific profiles. The active cases curves here derived were able to successfully describe the pandemic behavior of Germany and Spain. Moreover, we also predict some scenarios for the evolution of COVID-19 in Brazil. Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. The scenarios also unveil how the lockdown measures can flatten the contamination curves. We can find the best profile of the diffusion coefficient that better fit the real data of pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378437120305720 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 id: cord-321231-zlpa3x2x author: Anand, Pratima title: Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India date: 2020-09-10 words: 6895.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321231-zlpa3x2x.txt summary: title: Clinical profile, viral load, management and outcome of neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers: a tertiary care centre experience from India The study was conducted to describe the clinical profile of neonates born to mothers who tested positive for COVID 19 infection and to determine the association of neonatal COVID 19 status and viral load with maternal clinical status and viral load. • In this study on a limited number of neonates, maternal viral load of COVID 19 (E and RdRp cycle thresholds) was not associated with severity of illness or COVID 19 positivity in neonates. Neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers and requiring NICU care for any reason (comorbidity like prematurity, low birth weight, or transient tachypnoea of neonate) were nursed in separate designated NICU in COVID block. abstract: Despite rapidly evolving knowledge about COVID 19 infection, routes of perinatal COVID 19 transmission and viral load in mother neonate dyad remain uncertain. Data were analysed to describe the clinicodemographic profile and viral load in neonates born to COVID 19 positive mothers. Of 2947 deliveries, 69 mothers were COVID 19 positive (2.3%), with 1 abortion, 2 macerated stillbirths and 2 fresh stillbirths as pregnancy outcomes. Of 65 tested neonates, 10.7% (7) were confirmed COVID 19 positive by RTPCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Viral load (cycle threshold, Ct of E, RDRp) in neonates was comparable with the Ct reported from adults; however, neonates had milder clinical manifestations. All 7 neonates who tested positive for COVID 19 were subsequently discharged. Six of the 7 neonates were asymptomatic and 1 neonate needed respiratory support (indication being prematurity) which resolved after 48 h. Maternal and neonatal comparison of Ct of E and RdRp gene was statistically non-significant (25.97 vs 19.68, p = 0.34 and 26.5 vs 25.0, p = 0.84). Viral loads of mothers with COVID 19 positive neonates compared with mothers with COVID 19 negative neonates for E and RdRp gene were also statistically non-significant (25 vs 27.19, p = 0.63 and 19.6 vs 27.6, p = 0.08). The majority (93%) of neonates tested later than 48 h (roomed in with mother and breastfed) tested negative. Conclusion: The study supports milder manifestation in COVID 19 positive neonates. Risk of transmission from COVID 19 positive mother to neonate by rooming-in and breastfeeding is low. In this study on a limited number of neonates, maternal viral load was not found to be associated with the positivity status or severity of the illness of neonate. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00431-020-03800-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03800-7 doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03800-7 id: cord-258888-amimzjee author: Ananth, Lakshmi title: Management of ENT Surgical Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Lockdown: Our Experience in a Tertiary Referral Hospital date: 2020-07-23 words: 3667.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258888-amimzjee.txt summary: Appropriate protocols for screening, triage and management of non-COVID patients with due precautions and infection control strategies can ensure that emergencies get timely and appropriate attention while preventing spread of infection among patients and healthcare workers. In this article, we describe our experience with the triage and management of ENT & Lakshmi Ananth lakshmiananth@yahoo.com emergencies at a tertiary referral hospital in the setting of a lockdown with limited resources and the protocol followed by us to maximize the safety of health care personnel involved and avoiding the possibility of hospital transmission of infection. In the absence of testing facility, the above suggested protocol will be helpful while performing surgeries even after the lockdown period ends in order to minimize the risk of hospital transmission of infection and increase the safety of patients and healthcare workers. abstract: To describe our experience with ENT emergencies during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations for triage, management and protective measures. Retrospective case series. Eleven patients requiring emergency ENT procedures in a tertiary referral hospital during the lockdown period of 24th March to 3rd May 2020 were identified. Clinical profiles, screening and operating room protocols along with the post-operative care and use of personal protective equipment are described. Nine patients were discharged from the hospital and two were in stable condition in the hospital. While lockdowns may be effective in controlling the transmission of COVID-19, they have a negative impact on the routine functioning of healthcare services. Appropriate protocols for screening, triage and management of non-COVID patients with due precautions and infection control strategies can ensure that emergencies get timely and appropriate attention while preventing spread of infection among patients and healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-020-01987-7 doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-01987-7 id: cord-267610-bzbr9ios author: Anastassopoulou, Cleo title: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall date: 2020-09-03 words: 2472.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267610-bzbr9ios.txt summary: In agreement with this reasoning, data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infections in children involve the upper rather than the lower respiratory tract, the typical site of severe COVID-19 disease where ACE2 receptors are more abundant [29] . In this respect, a large prospective NIH-funded study of 6000 people from 2000 US families in 11 cities, called human epidemiology and response to SARS-CoV-2, will help determine the incidence of novel coronavirus infection in children in the USA and whether rates differ between children who have asthma or other allergic conditions and children who do not [45] . School children are nonetheless anticipated to contribute to the community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through their large numbers of daily social contacts, some of which are intergenerational, with older age groups where the risk for more severe illness is increased. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0195 doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0195 id: cord-302163-0jav84zw author: Anastassopoulou, Cleo title: Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-22 words: 4823.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302163-0jav84zw.txt summary: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE for all Englishlanguage original articles or reviews reporting on potential associations between human genetic factors and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity, up to August 12, 2020 (with updating as of September 11, 2020, during the revision of the manuscript). The search was performed using all combinations of terms related to the novel coronavirus and the disease (e.g., "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," and "COVID-19") on the one hand, and terms concerning susceptibility to infection or disease severity (e.g., "polymorphisms," "allelic variation," "genetic predisposition," "genotype," "clinical outcome") as well as the names of individual genes in which relevant polymorphisms were found (e.g., "TLR7," "ACE2"), on the other. A recently published comparative genetic analysis of approximately 81,000 human genomes across different populations suggested possible associations of coding region variants of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and clinical outcomes [49] . abstract: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 marked the synchronization of the world to a peculiar clock that is counting infected cases and deaths instead of hours and minutes. The pandemic, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has indeed caused considerable morbidity and mortality and drastically changed our everyday lives. As we continue to become acquainted with the seventh coronavirus known to infect our species, a number of its characteristics keep surprising us. Among those is the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which ranges from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. MAIN BODY: Data, now from patient populations, are beginning to accumulate on human genetic factors that may contribute to the observed diversified disease severity. Therefore, we deemed it prudent to review the associations between specific human genetic variants and clinical disease severity or susceptibility to infection that have been reported in the literature to date (at the time of writing this article in early August 2020 with updates in mid-September). With this work, we hope (i) to assist the fast-paced biomedical research efforts to combat the virus by critically summarizing current knowledge on the potential role of host genetics, and (ii) to help guide current genetics and genomics research towards candidate gene variants that warrant further investigation in larger studies. We found that determinants of differing severity of COVID-19 predominantly include components of the immune response to the virus, while determinants of differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 mostly entail genes related to the initial stages of infection (i.e., binding of the cell surface receptor and entry). CONCLUSION: Elucidating the genetic determinants of COVID-19 severity and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection would allow for the stratification of individuals according to risk so that those at high risk would be prioritized for immunization, for example, if or when safe and effective vaccines are developed. Our enhanced understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms could also guide personalized therapeutics. Such knowledge is already beginning to provide clues that help explain, at least in part, current epidemiologic observations regarding the typically more severe or benign disease course in older males and children, respectively. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4 doi: 10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4 id: cord-321865-cn9dm6ju author: Anca, Diana title: Electrophysiology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York Tertiary Hospital Experience date: 2020-10-29 words: 2981.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321865-cn9dm6ju.txt summary: Teamwork is essential as the electrophysiologist might be called to address the arrhythmias in coordination with primary care, ICU, cardiology and anesthesia teams for any patient who needs urgent, emergent, or semi-urgent electrophysiologic procedures. In our institution, the task force that was formed to guide procedures in the EP/Catheterization laboratory worked in conjunction with the hospital administration, anesthesia department engineering and transportation departments, and providers to determine the steps and workflow required to assure appropriate isolation of the COVID-19 positive patient or person under investigation (PUI). In order to care for patients with electrophysiologic disturbances during the crisis, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) COVID-19 Rapid Response Task Force, in conjunction with the American College of The HRS/ACC/AHA recommendation to postpone or cancel non-urgent procedures was based upon federal and state executive orders and the strain on hospital systems who were diverting all resources to care for COVID-19 patients. abstract: As hospitals became overwhelmed during the Covid-19 pandemic in March-May in New York, Cardiology and Electrophysiology (EP) departments rapidly developed protocols for case selection as well modifying the practice of managing the cases. This process involved applying the American Heart Association (AHA) and Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Guidelines for triaging the cases based on acuity, postponing the elective cases and modifying the way Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) interrogation. Procedural revisions were necessary for the workflow in the electrophysiology laboratory and that involved modifying the EP suite to accommodate a Covid procedure room, a decontamination equipment area and repurposed room for recovery in the context of personnel (EP attendings and fellows) and the main recovery area being diverted to Covid-19 ICU. The anesthesiology team had an integral and essential role in this process. This article describes in detail the collaborative planning, preparation and implementation of electrophysiology practice at one of the major tertiary centers in New York. It describes the type of EP procedures performed during mid-March to mid-May at this center, the decision process in case selection, anesthetic management and outcomes and the comparison with the previous year. Recommendations by the AHA/HRS as well as American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) were considered in the multidisciplinary collaborative approach to patient care and personnel safety. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020311551 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.041 id: cord-277405-5l7wsreg author: Andany, Nisha title: Home or Cabin: Community Care for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 words: 1370.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277405-5l7wsreg.txt summary: In Wuhan, China, the original epicenter of the pandemic, large sports and convention facilities were converted into "mobile cabin" hospitals to offload acute care by providing extra beds for patients with mild presentations of COVID-19. 13 These clinical indexes can guide risk stratification and intensity of follow up, either in a mobile cabin setting or in patients'' homes with virtual care assessments. In the Dongxihu mobile cabins, 14% of patients required transfer to acute care, 3 which is similar to the rate of hospital transfer that has been documented in a home virtual care assessment model. 9, 10 Although there are potential advantages to the mobile cabin strategy, further comparative research is required to assess the (1) impact on clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, ICU admission, and death, (2) reduction in household transmission, (3) cost-effectiveness, and (4) potential unintended consequences such as transmission to health care workers, over-medicalization of those with mild-to-moderate viral infection, and psychologic distress of institutionalization. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 421 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 treated in a mobile cabin hospital abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220316524 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.002 id: cord-261653-0vtghtp7 author: Andersen, Kylie J. title: Recruitment Strategy for Potential COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors date: 2020-09-21 words: 1666.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261653-0vtghtp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261653-0vtghtp7.txt summary: Thus, the present narrative overviews the strategy developed by our team to identify and recruit COVID-19 survivors to donate convalescent plasma at the Mayo Clinic Blood Donor Center in Rochester, Minnesota. Rochester, Minnesota required a strategy to interface with the community of recovering COVID-19 patients and recruit eligible convalescent plasma donors. Overall, this recruitment strategy utilized a simple survey, an algorithm for triaging donors, a workflow for connecting donors with Mayo Clinic Blood Donor Center, a team of physician navigators (including medical students) to screen eligible donors, and a support center for donor questions. Our web-based recruitment survey and all e-mail communications to interested potential donors contained the e-mail address for our convalescent plasma service center. The service center team used available resources from the US FDA, Mayo Clinic, and the blood banking community to support questions regarding donor eligibility and COVID-19 testing. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025619620310557 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.021 id: cord-336467-w528t92h author: Anderson, Diana C. title: Nursing Home Design and COVID-19: Balancing Infection Control, Quality of Life, and Resilience date: 2020-10-31 words: 4089.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336467-w528t92h.txt summary: Residential care settings for older people are known variously as "nursing homes," "long-term care facilities," or "care homes." 1 In general, it is argued that the design of many of these facilities do not adequately support quality of life for older people, 2,3 and now this is compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic which illustrates how they are ill-designed for infection control and the protection of older people who are most at risk in our society. Quality of life and care issues pertain to all aspects of the nursing home built environment (ie, from nursing home location and interaction with the community, down to building details, components, and technology), therefore we adopt a spatial framework spanning macro (overall urban setting), meso (neighborhoods and districts), and micro-scale level issues (site/building design). Examining any new approaches to nursing home design through the lens of quality of life and resilience will help reduce fragility of long-term care and protect against ongoing infectious threats such as influenza or COVID-19, or future pandemics. abstract: Many nursing home design models can have a negative impact on older people and these flaws have been compounded by Coronavirus Disease 2019 and related infection control failures. This article proposes that there is now an urgent need to examine these architectural design models and provide alternative and holistic models that balance infection control and quality of life at multiple spatial scales in existing and proposed settings. Moreover, this article argues that there is a convergence on many fronts between these issues and that certain design models and approaches that improve quality of life, will also benefit infection control, support greater resilience, and in turn improve overall pandemic preparedness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S152586102030788X doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.005 id: cord-333713-nz36i2oa author: Andonegui-Elguera, Sergio title: Molecular Alterations Prompted by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Induction of Hyaluronan, Glycosaminoglycan and Mucopolysaccharide Metabolism date: 2020-06-18 words: 1729.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333713-nz36i2oa.txt summary: Results Alterations in genes involved in hyaluronan, glycosaminoglycan and mucopolysaccharides metabolism were over-represented in bronchoalveolar cells infected by SARS-CoV-2, as well as potential lung infiltration with neutrophils, NK cells, T CD4+ cell and macrophages. Conclusions In summary our results revealed molecular pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to bronchoalveolar cells inducing the hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan metabolism that could shape partially the components of the ground-glass opacities observed in CT. Therefore, in the present work we carried out comprehensive and stringent transcriptomic metanalysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected bronchoalveolar cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to unveil the molecular alterations caused by viral infection as well as deconvolution analysis to identify the immune cell profiles in COVID-19 patients. Using molecular deconvolution analysis, we identified the presence of neutrophils, NK cells, T CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating the lungs of COVID-19 patients, consistently our findings with the previously reported (14) . abstract: Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent causing COVID-19 which has infected more than 2 million people with more than 200000 deaths since its emergence in December 2019. In the majority of cases patients are either asymptomatic or show mild to moderate symptoms and signs of a common cold. A subset of patients, however, develop a severe atypical pneumonia, with the characteristic ground-glass appearance on chest x-ray and computerized tomography, which evolves into an acute respiratory distress syndrome, that requires mechanical ventilation and eventually results in multiple organ failure and death. The Molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still unknown. Aim of the study In the present work we performed a stringent metanalysis from the publicly available RNAseq data from bronchoalveolar cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to elucidate molecular alterations and cellular deconvolution to identify immune cell profiles. Results Alterations in genes involved in hyaluronan, glycosaminoglycan and mucopolysaccharides metabolism were over-represented in bronchoalveolar cells infected by SARS-CoV-2, as well as potential lung infiltration with neutrophils, NK cells, T CD4+ cell and macrophages. The blood mononuclear cells presented a proliferative state. Dramatic reduction of neutrophils, NK and T lymphocytes, whereas an exacerbated increase in monocytes. Conclusions In summary our results revealed molecular pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection to bronchoalveolar cells inducing the hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan metabolism that could shape partially the components of the ground-glass opacities observed in CT. And the potential immune response profile in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0188440920307050 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.011 id: cord-258916-jbdz1pk0 author: Andreae, MH title: Data and Debriefing Observations on Healthcare Simulation to Prepare for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Simulation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 2882.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258916-jbdz1pk0.txt summary: We report on data and debriefing observations in the context of an immersive simulation conducted to (a) train clinicians and (b) test new protocols and kits, developed in table-top exercises without prior clinical experience to fit anticipated clinical encounters in the setting of the rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic. We simulated scenarios with particular relevance for anesthesiology, perioperative and critical care, including (1) cardiac arrest, (2) emergency airway management, (3) tele-instruction for remote guidance and supervision, and (4) transporting an intubated patient. • Immersive healthcare simulation employing anticipated clinical encounters may be useful to test COVID-19 [8, 10, 11] and other airborne contagious disease hospital protocols, developed with limited clinical experience, to detect shortcoming before such gaps become apparent in clinical care and threaten patient or provider safety. abstract: We report on data and debriefing observations in the context of an immersive simulation conducted to (a) train clinicians and (b) test new protocols and kits, developed in table-top exercises without prior clinical experience to fit anticipated clinical encounters in the setting of the rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic. We simulated scenarios with particular relevance for anesthesiology, perioperative and critical care, including (1) cardiac arrest, (2) emergency airway management, (3) tele-instruction for remote guidance and supervision, and (4) transporting an intubated patient. Using a grounded theory approach, three authors (MHA, DLR, EHS) developed emergent themes. First alone and then together, we sought consensus in uncovering overarching themes and constructs from the debriefings. We thus performed an informal qualitative thematic analysis based in a critical realist epistemological position - the understanding that our findings, while real, are affected by situational variables and the observer's perspective.[1,2] We compared data from videos and triangulated the data by member checking. All participants and course instructors volunteered to participate in this educational project and contributed as co-authors to this manuscript. During debriefing, we applied crisis resource management concepts including situation awareness, prioritization of tasks, and clear communication practices, conducting the debriefing with emphasis on current TeamStepps 2.0 terminology and concepts. [3,4] In addition, we re-evaluated formerly familiar processes, as shortcomings of protocols, kits, and interdisciplinary cooperation became apparent. The data provide detailed observations on how immersive simulation and debriefing among peers mitigated the unfamiliarity of individual clinicians and the organization at large with the demands of an unprecedented healthcare crisis. We also observed and report on the anxiety caused by resource constraints, risk to clinicians in the face of limited personal equipment, and the overall uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. We began to summarize, interpret, critique, and discuss our data and debriefing observations in a rapid co-publication in the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. [Healthcare Simulation to Prepare for the COVID-19 Pandemic][5] url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352340920309227 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106028 id: cord-337275-phgfpzbt author: Andrew, Jones title: Is Spread of COVID-19 a Chaotic Epidemic? date: 2020-10-20 words: 3656.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337275-phgfpzbt.txt summary: Traditional compartmental epidemiological models demonstrated limited ability to predict the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in different countries. Our mathematical examination of COVID-19 epidemic data in different countries reveals similarity of this dynamic to the chaotic behavior of many dynamics systems, such as logistic maps. In a previous study, [4] demonstrated that the coronavirus raw data in China''s first two months of the disease suggest chaotic growth, similar to other epidemics like H1N1 and measles. These systems are now termed "chaotic." Unpredictability due to highly-sensitive reliance on initial conditions inspired the term "deterministic chaos." After Poincaré''s studies, the deterministic chaotic behavior was discovered in numerous dynamical systems and confirmed experimentally [15, 6, 2, 20] . Through use of an interactive data map, it was shown that the spread of COVID-19 exhibits the major characteristics of chaotic systems, namely, determinism, high sensitivity, large number of equilibria, and unpredictability. abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic challenges humanity in 2020. It has already taken an enormous number of human lives and had a substantial negative economic impact. Traditional compartmental epidemiological models demonstrated limited ability to predict the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in different countries. In order to gain a deeper understanding of its behavior, we turn to chaotic dynamics, which proved fruitful in analyzing previous diseases such as measles. We hypothesize that the unpredictability of the pandemic could be a fundamental property if the disease spread is a chaotic dynamical system. Our mathematical examination of COVID-19 epidemic data in different countries reveals similarity of this dynamic to the chaotic behavior of many dynamics systems, such as logistic maps. We conclude that the data does suggest that the COVID-19 epidemic demonstrates chaotic behavior, which should be taken into account by public policy makers. Furthermore, the scale and behavior of the epidemic may be essentially unpredictable due to the properties of chaotic systems, rather than due to the limited data available for model parameterization. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110376 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110376 id: cord-259808-82drb14x author: Andrews, Paul L R title: COVID‐19, nausea, and vomiting date: 2020-10-05 words: 7911.0 sentences: 404.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259808-82drb14x.txt summary: Considering the likely effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the digestive tract (discussed further), a relationship between symptoms such as nausea/vomiting and diarrhea would not be unexpected but identifying the time of onset of each postinfection is essential to assessing their relative relevance for diagnosis. There are no formal studies at present so we have reviewed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (and other coronaviruses) on the digestive tract in the light of knowledge of the established mechanisms of nausea and vomiting; this is the same approach that has been used to understand the pathogenesis of other symptoms (e.g. diarrhoea 10 ). We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 would induce acute (first few days postinfection) nausea and vomiting by causing the release of key hormones from the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the mucosa of the upper GI tract or after gaining direct entry into the blood, by acting directly within the brainstem. abstract: Exclusion of nausea (N) and vomiting (V) from detailed consideration as symptoms of COVID‐19 is surprising as N can be an early presenting symptom. We examined the incidence of NV during infection before defining potential mechanisms. We estimate that the overall incidence of nausea (median 10.5%), although variable, is comparable with diarrhea. Poor definition of N, confusion with appetite loss, and reporting of N and/or V as a single entity may contribute to reporting variability and likely underestimation. We propose that emetic mechanisms are activated by mediators released from the intestinal epithelium by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) modulate vagal afferents projecting to the brainstem and after entry into the blood, activate the area postrema (AP) also implicated in anorexia. The receptor for spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2, angiotensin 2 converting enzyme (ACE2), and transmembrane protease serine (for viral entry) is expressed in upper gastrointestinal (GI) enterocytes, ACE2 is expressed on enteroendocrine cells (EECs), and SARS‐CoV‐2 infects enterocytes but not EECs (studies needed with native EECs). The resultant virus‐induced release of epithelial mediators due to exocytosis, inflammation, and apoptosis provides the peripheral and central emetic drives. Additionally, data from SARS‐CoV‐2 show an increase in plasma angiotensin II (consequent on SARS‐CoV‐2/ACE2 interaction), a centrally (AP) acting emetic, providing a further potential mechanism in COVID‐19. Viral invasion of the dorsal brainstem is also a possibility but more likely in delayed onset symptoms. Overall, greater attention must be given to nausea as an early symptom of COVID‐19 and for the insights provided into the GI effects of SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955126/ doi: 10.1111/jgh.15261 id: cord-315930-1vgb2mk0 author: Andrianopoulos, Ioannis title: Tocilizumab''s efficacy in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is determined by the presence of cytokine storm date: 2020-06-29 words: 826.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315930-1vgb2mk0.txt summary: We read with great interest the research article written by Borku Uysal B et al which is in accordance with the so far accumulating knowledge that tocilizumab is an effective treatment for COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). 8 Our limited experience on tocilizumab suggests that in the setting of acute respiratory failure where the patient has fever, bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, raised C-reactive protein (CRP) (above 100 mg/dL), raised interleukin-6 (IL-6) (≥80 pg/mL) and significant hypoxemia (Po 2 : FiO 2 [PFO] ratio <150) tocilizumab is indeed effective in putting breaks on the disease and potentially avoiding further deterioration, leading to intubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and potentially death. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in Brescia Tocilizumab for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients: preliminary results from Smatteo COVID-19 registry (SMACORE). abstract: We read with great interest the research article written by Borku Uysal B et al which is in accordance with the so far accumulating knowledge that tocilizumab is an effective treatment for COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26209 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26209 id: cord-346026-l9cyzocv author: Aneja, Ranjan title: An assessment of socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in India date: 2020-10-15 words: 4139.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346026-l9cyzocv.txt summary: In Pre-COVID era India was encountering with major macroeconomic issues such as nearly recession with the sluggish GDP growth rate of 4.7% in 2019 which is lowest since 2013 (as indicated by the official statistics), high unemployment rate, decline in industrial output of core sectors-the worst in 14 years, stagnancy in private sector investment, decline in consumption expenditure for the first time in several decades (Dev & Sengupta, 2020) . Considering the disproportionate burden of the crisis on low skilled workers, poors, other vulnerable sections, many economists think that COVID-19 is most likely expected to raise inequality within and among countries (Initiative on Global Markets, 2020) and the results of study conducted by (Furceri, Loungani, Ostry, & Pizzuto, 2020) confirms that those having basic education (low skilled) are affected more than those with higher and advanced degrees, in terms of loss of income hence confirming increase in income inequality after during and after pandemics. 19 4 | CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic has incurred unprecedented loss globally but India being an emerging economy is likely to get more affected in every sector and that too disproportionately. abstract: Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has created an unprecedented loss and disruptions over all across the world. From developed to developing, no country has been spared from its brunt. In this paper, we have analyzed the implications of COVID‐19 on the economy and society of India so far. An impact assessment on the basis of available lietrature is made on all the three sectors—primary, secondary and service sector along with the impact on migrants, health, poverty, job losses, informal sector, environment, and so forth. The all sectors of the economy has been disproportionately affected and even within a sector, there is a disproportionate loss. The societal impacts are dire too with job losses, mental illness, increased domestic violence, and so forth. Some positive effects can be seen in terms of improved air quality, water quality, wildlife but the sustainability of such impact is conditional upon post‐COVID and people's habits and future policies related to the environment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173441/ doi: 10.1002/pa.2266 id: cord-286238-s64eueie author: Angelidis, G. title: A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology date: 2020-08-06 words: 520.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286238-s64eueie.txt summary: title: A second wave of COVID-19 infections should not lead to a new disruption of services in nuclear cardiology On June 30, 2020, the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Department of the World Health Organization (WHO) published the results of a survey from 163 Ministries of Health, regarding the service delivery for NCDs during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. After the gradual relaxation of lockdown measures in Greece, we have managed to provide nuclear cardiology services at patient flow levels comparable to that of the pre-COVID-19 era. The intervals between patients'' arrivals at the Department, and between consequent studies, have been extended resulting in the lengthening of the working day. However, we believe that nuclear cardiology departments should be prepared to provide high-quality studies, taking all the appropriate measures for the prevention of viral spread. Proper adjustments based on the epidemic status are required, but a second disruption of nuclear cardiology services should be avoided. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32766999/ doi: 10.1007/s12350-020-02305-y id: cord-287676-qh7zeyyx author: Angoulvant, François title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis date: 2020-06-03 words: 1813.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287676-qh7zeyyx.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact caused by school closure and national lockdown on pediatric visits and admissions for viral and non-viral infections, a time series analysis A time series analysis of 871,543 pediatric emergency visits revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown and school closure were associated with a significant decrease in infectious diseases disseminated through airborne or fecal-oral transmissions: common cold, gastro-enteritis, bronchiolitis, acute otitis. We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis based on multicenter prospective French surveillance data for pediatric emergency department (PED) visits and related hospital admissions. [13] While the role of the children in the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 is still being discussed, finding that school closure and national lockdown were linked to a dramatic decrease in pediatric emergency visits concerning gastroenteritis, acute otitis media, bronchiolitis, and other viral diseases could be not only an unexpected benefit for the children but could also raise the question of the impact on the health care system of starting lifting the French national lockdown by reopening the schools. abstract: A time series analysis of 871,543 pediatric emergency visits revealed that the COVID-19 lockdown and school closure were associated with a significant decrease in infectious diseases disseminated through airborne or fecal-oral transmissions: common cold, gastro-enteritis, bronchiolitis, acute otitis. No change was found for urinary tract infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492117/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa710 id: cord-347238-yacn6xqk author: Angurala, Mohit title: An Internet of Things Assisted Drone Based Approach to Reduce Rapid Spread of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-02 words: 2366.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347238-yacn6xqk.txt summary: In this paper, a mechanism is proposed called DBCMS (Drone Based Covid-19 Medical Service) for the safety of medical employees who are prone to Covid-19 infection. The proposed model in this paper uses drone service to reduce the risk of infection to the doctors or other medical staff, thereby preventing the disease spread. The proposed architecture is a three-layer approach in which the first layer operates on the working of collecting samples as shown in Fig. 2 , while the second layer works for critically ill patients who need consultation of the senior doctors or emergency admission in hospitals. The working of the proposed Drone Based Covid-19 Medical Service (DBCMS) architecture is categorized into 3 layers, each of which is explained in detail as follows: The Doctor verifies the symptoms and further asks the Nurse to be ready the Blood Sample Collection Kit (Covid-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kit) in case the verification is successful, otherwise prescribes the medicine as per the symptoms by a call. abstract: Abstract With the quick spread of pandemic disease, many individuals have lost their lives across different parts of the world. So, the need for a novel approach or model to overcome the problem becomes a necessity. In this paper, a mechanism is proposed called DBCMS (Drone Based Covid-19 Medical Service) for the safety of medical employees who are prone to Covid-19 infection. The proposed mechanism can effectively improve the treatment process of Covid-19 patients. Drones are nowadays commonly used in the field of medical emergency situations. The proposed model in this paper uses drone service to reduce the risk of infection to the doctors or other medical staff, thereby preventing the disease spread. This paper further assumes that the primary step is to isolate people at their home instead of admitting them to the hospitals, also called a situation of lockdown or curfew. Thus, in this way, the spread can be significantly reduced across the globe if DBCMS approach is implemented at cluster level. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666449620300116?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2020.06.011 id: cord-024130-kgzegwon author: Ankita title: COVID-19: An Ophthalmological Update date: 2020-04-30 words: 2845.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024130-kgzegwon.txt summary: Conjunctival secretions from patients and asymptomatic contacts of COVID-19 cases may also spread the disease further into the community. In view of the presence of coronavirus in body fluids of patients, and SARS-CoV-2 being similar to SARS-CoV, the risk of transmission through conjunctival secretion and tear cannot be neglected. Patients with conjunctivitis may initially report to an ophthalmologist, possibly making the eye care physician to first suspect a case of COVID-19 (Lu et al. According to a recently published literature on COVID-19 conjunctivitis, tear sample and conjunctival swab are reported to be positive for the novel coronavirus. As per recent AAO guidelines, as a response to the state of national emergency due to COVID-19, eye care practitioners should reduce the number of outpatient The following preventive measures should be taken by the ophthalmologist in the outpatient clinic for general patients (Group 1 and 2) during such outbreaks: Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: Ever since the newscast of the novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan and its subsequent spread to several countries worldwide, the possible modes of spread are being anticipated by various health care professionals. Tear and other conjunctival secretions, being one of the body fluids, can potentially help transmit the disease inadvertently. Conjunctival secretions from patients and asymptomatic contacts of COVID-19 cases may also spread the disease further into the community. Direct inoculation of body fluids into the conjunctiva of healthy individual is also postulated to be another mode of spread. The risk to heath care providers thus becomes strikingly high. A vigilant ophthalmologist can play a critical role in breaking the chain of transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189394/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_8 id: cord-321097-fw05hcr4 author: Annie, Frank title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-14 words: 467.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321097-fw05hcr4.txt summary: title: Prevalence and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke Among Patients ≤ 50 Years of Age with Laboratory Confirmed COVID-19 Infection Concerns have been recently raised about young patients with COVID-19 presenting with large ischemic strokes 1 . 1 In this focused analysis, we investigated the incidence and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults using a multinational database. We queried the TriNetx Research Network to select patients <50 years of age with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection between January 20, 2020 to April 24, 2020. 6.5%); heart failure To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the incidence and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults with COVID-19 infection. We found a low overall incidence but a grim prognosis of acute ischemic stroke among unselected young adults with COVID-19. Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis of Young Adults with COVID-19 with or without Stroke abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.010 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.010 id: cord-285407-h9og17i9 author: Annunziata, Salvatore title: Surveys on COVID-19 in nuclear medicine: what happened and what we learned date: 2020-09-24 words: 1134.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285407-h9og17i9.txt summary: During the pandemic, Nuclear Medicine (NM) departments have been involved in several changes and issues, such as new scheduling praxes for NM diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the assistance of patients with diagnosed or suspected COVID-19, and the prevention of COVID-19 spreading in the departments. For these reasons, some research groups promoted different international surveys to understand the impact of the pandemic on NM departments [1] [2] [3] . The Young Group of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) developed the first international survey to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in NM and performed a preliminary report of the obtained responses [1] . Another international research group promoted a survey about the global impact of COVID-19 on NM departments [2] . Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nuclear medicine departments: preliminary report of the first international survey Global impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine departments: an international survey in abstract: INTRODUCTION: To summarize and comment the available surveys on the impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine (NM) departments. METHODS: Recent surveys about the impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine (NM) departments have been searched on available scientific database. RESULTS: Three surveys have been found and commented. Some differences among the surveys should be kept in mind. All studies agreed that COVID-19 had a relevant impact on NM departments. CONCLUSION: Surveys about the impact of COVID-19 in NM could improve the departments’ daily activities, to find a compromise between the security protocols suggested by international guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40336-020-00391-z doi: 10.1007/s40336-020-00391-z id: cord-261270-jkm9c5yv author: Annweiler, Cédric title: National French survey of COVID-19 symptoms in people aged 70 and over date: 2020-06-18 words: 1708.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261270-jkm9c5yv.txt summary: The following symptoms observed within the first 72 hours of SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., 72h from suspicion, possibly before diagnostic confirmation by RT-PCR test) were collected for each patient using yes/no questions: general signs (sudden deterioration of general condition, temperature, blood pressure), respiratory signs (cough, polypnea), ear nose and throat (ENT) signs (rhinorrhea, odynophagia, otalgia, conjunctivitis, dysgeusia or ageusia, anosmia), gastrointestinal signs (diarrhea, nausea or vomiting) and geriatric syndromes (falls, hypo or overactive delirium, altered consciousness). This national French survey shows that older adults with COVID-19 exhibit a paucisymptomatic clinical picture with less than 3 signs during the first 72h of the infection, generally combining general and respiratory signs (e.g. hyperthermia and cough) with peculiarities that should alert the clinician (e.g. sudden deterioration of general condition, diarrhea, lymphopenia, and/or geriatric syndromes including falls and delirium). abstract: The objective of this national French survey was to determine the COVID-19 semiology in seniors(n=353; mean,84.7±7.0y). 57.8% of patients exhibited ≤3symptoms, including thermal dysregulation(83.6%), cough(58.9%), asthenia(52.7%), polypnea(39.9%), gastrointestinal signs(24.4%). Patients≥80y exhibited falls(P=0.002) and asthenia(P=0.002). Patients with neurocognitive disorders exhibited delirium(P<0.001) and altered consciousness(P=0.001). Clinical peculiarities of COVID-19 were reported in seniors. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa792 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa792 id: cord-335037-4wj4p5ys author: Annweiler, Cédric title: Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Disorders during COVID‐19: The Nitric Oxide Track date: 2020-06-24 words: 854.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335037-4wj4p5ys.txt summary: [3] [4] [5] Studies in experimental animals have well documented the synthesis of NO in the brain and its role in a variety of neuronal functions including learning and memory processes or locomotor activity. The production of NO is tightly linked to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), precisely targeted by SARS-CoV-2 7 that was described to overactivate the RAS by interacting, via its spike (S) glycoprotein, with the metallopeptidase angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, 7 expressed at the surface of numerous cell types including cerebral neurons. 8 In RAS, angiotensin II, by acting on the vasoconstrictor type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 R), reportedly diminishes the production of NO, 9 leading to an expected decrease in NO concentrations in the brain during COVID-19, which needs to be compensated to prevent neurological cognitive and behavioral disorders. 10 All these molecules are expected to counteract the SARS-CoV-2-induced overactivation of RAS, to maintain NO production, and to reverse, to some extent, the associated neurological cognitive and behavioral disorders in COVID-19. abstract: See the Reply by Alkeridy et al. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583434/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16671 id: cord-348222-pd0zzcue author: Ansari Ramandi, Mohammad Mostafa title: Does the novel coronavirus 2019 like heart more than the other family members of coronaviruses? date: 2020-05-11 words: 1041.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348222-pd0zzcue.txt summary: However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. This scenario and the respiratory system involvement is common between Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. 5 There are also case reports presenting patients with a known cardiac problem who manifest with another irrelevant cardiac involvement for example patients with a history of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy or hypertension who have developed cardiogenic shock, in which the criteria of acute myocarditis have been fulfilled. Acute cardiac injury similar to those reported in COVID-19 has been described in SARS; however, the arterial or venous thrombotic events were more prevalent in these patients. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus abstract: The disaster due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world has made investigators enthusiastic about working on different aspects of COVID-19. However, although the pandemic of COVID-19 has not yet ended, it seems that COVID-19 compared to the other coronavirus infections (the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome [MERS] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS]) is more likely to target the heart. Comparing the previous presentations of the coronavirus family and the recent cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 can also help in predicting possible future challenges and taking measures to tackle these issues. url: https://doi.org/10.34172/jcvtr.2020.27 doi: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.27 id: cord-263883-7ba0huwy author: Ansarin, Khalil title: Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial date: 2020-07-19 words: 3119.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263883-7ba0huwy.txt summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study, an open-label, randomized clinical trial, examined the efficacy of early start of oral bromhexine, in the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, rate of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The data presented in this clinical trial confirmed that the early-onset treatment with oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day not only effectively mitigated the respiratory symptoms, but also significantly decreased the rate of ICU admissions, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in COVID-19 disease. The data analysis of this clinical trial also showed that cardinal respiratory symptoms (cough, lassitude, and dyspnea) in patients with COVID-19 disease who received bromhexine treatment was remarkably less than the standard group. abstract: [Image: see text] Introduction: Bromhexine is a potential therapeutic option in COVID-19, but no data from a randomized clinical trial has been available. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bromhexine in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial study was performed in Tabriz, North-West of Iran. They were randomized to either the treatment with the bromhexine group or the control group, in a 1:1 ratio with 39 patients in each arm. Standard therapy was used in both groups and those patients in the treatment group received oral bromhexine 8 mg three times a day additionally. The primary outcome was a decrease in the rate of ICU admissions, intubation/mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Results: A total of 78 patients with similar demographic and disease characteristics were enrolled. There was a significant reduction in ICU admissions (2 out of 39 vs. 11 out of 39, P = 0.006), intubation (1 out of 39 vs. 9 out of 39, P = 0.007) and death (0 vs. 5, P = 0.027) in the bromhexine treated group compared to the standard group. No patients were withdrawn from the study because of adverse effects. Conclusion: The early administration of oral bromhexine reduces the ICU transfer, intubation, and the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. This affordable medication can easily be administered everywhere with a huge positive impact(s) on public health and the world economy. Altogether, the verification of our results on a larger scale and different medical centers is strongly recommended. Trial Registration: IRCT202003117046797N4; https://irct.ir/trial/46969. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983936/ doi: 10.34172/bi.2020.27 id: cord-268822-o86zpu92 author: Anser, Muhammad Khalid title: Communicable Diseases (Including COVID-19)—Induced Global Depression: Caused by Inadequate Healthcare Expenditures, Population Density, and Mass Panic date: 2020-08-18 words: 5512.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268822-o86zpu92.txt summary: In a given scenario, the study focused on the following key variables: communicable diseases, healthcare expenditures, population density, poverty, economic growth, and COVID-19 dummy variable in a panel of 76 selected countries from 2010 through 2019. In a given scenario, the study focused on the following key variables: communicable diseases, healthcare expenditures, population density, poverty, economic growth, and COVID-19 dummy variable in a panel of 76 selected countries from 2010 through 2019. This study intended to explore the answers to the following critical questions: do communicable diseases, including COVID-19, exert a greater magnitude of stress in terms of negatively affecting countries economic growth which then converts into global depression? In a given context, the study prepared a set of research objectives to analyze global depression through some policy instruments, including healthcare expenditures, population density, and poverty incidence in a panel of 76 countries. abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading at an enormous rate and has caused deaths beyond expectations due to a variety of reasons. These include: (i) inadequate healthcare spending causing, for instance, a shortage of protective equipment, testing swabs, masks, surgical gloves, gowns, etc.; (ii) a high population density that causes close physical contact among community members who reside in compact places, hence they are more likely to be exposed to communicable diseases, including coronavirus; and (iii) mass panic due to the fear of experiencing the loss of loved ones, lockdown, and shortage of food. In a given scenario, the study focused on the following key variables: communicable diseases, healthcare expenditures, population density, poverty, economic growth, and COVID-19 dummy variable in a panel of 76 selected countries from 2010 through 2019. The results show that the impact of communicable diseases on economic growth is positive because the infected countries get a reap of economic benefits from other countries in the form of healthcare technologies, knowledge transfers, cash transfers, international loans, aid, etc., to get rid of the diseases. However, the case is different with COVID-19 as it has seized the whole world together in a much shorter period of time and no other countries are able to help others in terms of funding loans, healthcare facilities, or technology transfers. Thus, the impact of COVID-19 in the given study is negatively impacting countries' economic growth that converts into a global depression. The high incidence of poverty and social closeness increases more vulnerable conditions that spread coronavirus across countries. The momentous increase in healthcare expenditures put a burden on countries' national healthcare bills that stretch the depression phase-out of the boundary. The forecasting relationship suggested the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global economy would last the next 10 years. Unified global healthcare policies, physical distancing, smart lockdowns, and meeting food challenges are largely required to combat the coronavirus pandemic and escape from global depression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014954/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00398 id: cord-290341-ei768v4s author: Anstey, D. Edmund title: The cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac Intensivist during the COVID-19 surge in New York City() date: 2020-07-03 words: 4209.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290341-ei768v4s.txt summary: Herein we discuss the evolving role of the cardiac intensivist and changes to the CICU in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic and provide recommendations based on our own experiences at NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center. There are several domains across which innovation may occur including the physical layout of the CICU, the timing of laboratory and diagnostic studies, medication administration, clinical monitoring, and the management of cardiac arrests. Timing of Lab Testing and Diagnostic Studies: As typical of critically ill patients, patients in an intensive care setting with COVID-19 will require frequent testing as part of their clinical assessment and management. The cardiac intensivist and staff also serve as a consultative resource throughout the hospital to other clinicians given the clinical expertise of the CICU in the management of critically ill patients with cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. abstract: Critical care cardiology has been impacted by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 causes severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, as well as several cardiovascular complications including myocarditis, venous thromboembolic disease, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. The cardiac intensive care unit is rapidly evolving as the need for critical care beds increases. Herein, we describe the changes to the cardiac intensive care unit and the evolving role of critical care cardiologists and other clinicians in the care of these complex patients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These include practical recommendations regarding a structural and organizational changes to facilitate care of patients with COVID-19; staffing and personnel changes; and health and safety of personnel. We draw upon our own experiences at NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center to offer insights into the unique challenges facing critical care clinicians and provide recommendations of how to address these challenges during this unprecedented time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682106/ doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.06.018 id: cord-291886-phl8kh3f author: Anthi, Anastasia title: A Severe COVID-19 Case Complicated by Right Atrium Thrombus date: 2020-09-23 words: 1981.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291886-phl8kh3f.txt summary: Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. We report our experience to highlight the crucial role of efficient anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases requiring ICU admission; the importance of diagnostic imaging strategies, including transesophageal echocardiography, is also emphasized. abstract: Patient: Male, 73-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by right atrium thrombus Symptoms: Fever • dyspnea • cough Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Educational purpose BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated evidence of coagulation dysfunction in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. Effective anticoagulation therapy may play a dominant role in the management of severe COVID-19 cases. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old man with a 6-day history of fever up to 38.5°C, dyspnea, cough, and fatigue was diagnosed with COVID-19. He had a past medical history significant for hypertension and coronary artery bypass grafting. Two days after hospital admission, the patient developed acute respiratory failure, requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, and transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). He received treatment including antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, vasopressors, prone positioning, and anticoagulation with enoxaparin at a prophylactic dose. After a 15-day ICU stay, the patient was hemodynamically stable but still hypoxemic; a transthoracic echocardiogram at that time, followed by a transesophageal echocardiogram for better evaluation, revealed the presence of a right atrium thrombus without signs of acute right ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic function. Since the patient was hemodynamically stable, we decided to treat him with conventional anticoagulation under close monitoring for signs of hemodynamic deterioration; thus, the prophylactic dose of enoxaparin was replaced by therapeutic dosing, which was a key component of the patient’s successful outcome. Over the next few days he showed significant clinical improvement. The follow-up transesophageal echo-cardiogram 3 weeks after effective therapeutic anticoagulation revealed no signs of right heart thrombus. CONCLUSIONS: The presented COVID-19 case, one of the first reported cases with evidence of right heart thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, highlights the central role of diagnostic imaging strategies and the importance of adequate anticoagulation therapy in the management of severe COVID-19 cases in the ICU. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.926915 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.926915 id: cord-310149-8idvf79g author: Antinori, Spinello title: SARS-COV-2 infection: Across the border into the family date: 2020-06-09 words: 927.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310149-8idvf79g.txt summary: Initial studies carried out in China found that asymptomatic patients are associated with a 5% transmission rate [2] , but this figure was found to be as high as 42% in a recent northern Italian study, which supports the view that asymptomatic (or pre-symptomatic) subjects have played a major role in fuelling the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy [3] . Coronavirus testing centers such as those employed in China, South Korea and Israel have shown to be valid measures to contain the epidemic [5] However, although COVID-19 transmission by asymptomatic subjects is a critical factor for ensuring an effective public health response to the epidemic, the best method of identifying asymptomatic infections is still unclear. The decision not to search for SARS-COV-2 in people with mild symptoms and not to include them in surveillance programmes is at least questionable, particularly because the future relaxation of containment measures will require even more active surveillance in order to ensure the early detection of new cases or clusters. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147789392030274X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101784 id: cord-343073-lwbddab2 author: Antiporta, D. A. title: Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers. date: 2020-07-18 words: 4991.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343073-lwbddab2.txt summary: The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including implementing virtual based interventions, bolstering community-based mental health networks, and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Outpatient services challenges included the limited capacity of health services to use virtual/telemedicine platforms to provide care to specific populations, i.e., elderly people, and indigenous communities, or to disseminate key messages and relevant information through mass media. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. abstract: Background Mental health awareness has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although international guidelines address the mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) response to emergencies, regional recommendations on COVID-19 are still insufficient. We identified emerging mental health problems, strategies to address them, and opportunities to reform mental health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic in South America. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to mental health decision-makers of Ministries of Health in 10 South American countries in mid-April 2020. The semi-structured questionnaire had 12 questions clustered into 3 main sections: emerging challenges in mental health, current and potential strategies to face the pandemic, and, key elements for mental health reform. We identified keywords and themes for each section through summative content analysis. Findings An increasing mental health burden and emerging needs are arising as direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic among health care providers and the general population. National lockdowns challenge the delivery and access to mental health treatment and care. Strategies to meet these health needs rely heavily on timely and adequate responses by strengthened mental health governance and systems, availability of services, virtual platforms, and appropriate capacity building for service providers. Short- and medium-term strategies focused on bolstering community-based mental health networks and telemedicine for high-risk populations. Opportunities for long-term mental health reform entail strengthening legal frameworks, redistribution of financial resources and collaboration with local and international partners. Interpretation Mental health and psychosocial support have been identified as a priority area by South American countries in the COVID-19 response. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Funding None. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630 id: cord-307018-l2i499z3 author: Antonio Reyes-Bueno, José title: Análisis de letalidad en pacientes con demencia neurodegenerativa por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 3064.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307018-l2i499z3.txt summary: DISCUSIÓN: La letalidad entre los pacientes con demencia degenerativa primaria por COVID-19 es significativamente mayor en comparación con otros pacientes con edades medias y comorbilidades similares, según nuestro estudio. La población anciana es la más amenazada por el COVID-19, con mayores tasas de mortalidad y letalidad, especialmente aquellos pacientes que viven en centros geriátricos y asilos, como se refleja en los múltiples medios de comunicación y en las comunicaciones del gobierno. En este grupo de edad, sabemos que la proporción de demencias degenerativas primarias es mucho mayor, hasta un 9,4% en los mayores de 70 años [8] , aunque la presencia de DDP per se no aumenta el riesgo de padecer COVID-19 pero sí aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones y letalidad. La letalidad entre los pacientes con demencia degenerativa primaria por COVID-19 es significativamente mayor en comparación con otros pacientes con edades medias y comorbilidades similares, según nuestro estudio. abstract: Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: La población anciana es la más amenazada por COVID-19, con mayores tasas de mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la letalidad en una cohorte de pacientes de COVID-19 con demencia degenerativa. MÉTODOS: Hicimos un estudio descriptivo de casos-control de una muestra de pacientes diagnosticados con demencias neurodegenerativas primarias. RESULTADOS: De los 88 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, 24 pacientes con COVID-19 fallecieron: 10/23 (43,4%) eran pacientes con diagnóstico de demencia y 14/65 (21,5%) pacientes del grupo control, una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. DISCUSIÓN: La letalidad entre los pacientes con demencia degenerativa primaria por COVID-19 es significativamente mayor en comparación con otros pacientes con edades medias y comorbilidades similares, según nuestro estudio. Abstract INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is the group most threatened by COVID-19, with the highest mortality rates. This study aims to analyse the case fatality of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients with degenerative dementia. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive case-control study of a sample of patients diagnosed with primary neurodegenerative dementia. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the 88 patients with COVID-19 included in the study died: 10/23 (43.4%) patients diagnosed with dementia and 14/65 (21.5%) controls; this difference was statistically significant. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher among patients with primary degenerative dementia than in other patients with similar mean ages and comorbidities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213485320302310?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.005 id: cord-315414-aipfn5hi author: Antonio, Silverii Giovanni title: Are diabetes and its medications risk factors for the development of COVID-19? Data from a population-based study in Sicily date: 2020-10-01 words: 1340.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315414-aipfn5hi.txt summary: Background and aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with higher incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, but it is unknown whether DM is a risk factor for the overall COVID-19 incidence. The aim of present study was to investigate whether there is an association of DM with COVID-19 prevalence and case fatality, and between different DM medications and risk for COVID-19 infection and death. Conclusions in Sicily, DM was not a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, whereas it was associated with a higher case fatality. A recent meta-analysis of 83 observational studies enrolling 78,874 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 showed a pooled prevalence of established diabetes of 14.34%; pre-existing diabetes was associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness and in-hospital mortality 1 . Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: a meta-analysis of observational studies abstract: Background and aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with higher incidence of severe cases of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, but it is unknown whether DM is a risk factor for the overall COVID-19 incidence. The aim of present study was to investigate whether there is an association of DM with COVID-19 prevalence and case fatality, and between different DM medications and risk for COVID-19 infection and death. Methods and Results retrospective observational study on all SARS-CoV-2 positive (SARS-CoV-2+) cases and deaths in Sicily up to 2020, May 14th. No difference in COVID-19 prevalence was found between people with and without DM (RR 0.92 [0.79-1.09]). Case fatality was significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2+ with DM (RR 4.5 [3.55-5.71]). No diabetes medication was associated with differences in risk for SARS-Cov2 infection. Conclusions in Sicily, DM was not a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, whereas it was associated with a higher case fatality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939475320304154?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.09.028 id: cord-355734-pz64534w author: Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo title: Health-care workers with COVID-19 living in Mexico City: clinical characterization and related outcomes date: 2020-09-28 words: 3261.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355734-pz64534w.txt summary: Physicians had higher risk for hospitalization and for severe outcomes compared with nurses and other HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: We report a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs in Mexico City. The situation in Mexico is complex, given that SARS-CoV-2 infections coexist with a high prevalence of comorbidities associated with COVID-19 complications in a large proportion of patients, including HCWs. Furthermore, healthcare systems within Mexico are highly fragmented and quality of care and the ability to protect HCWs within each institution is highly heterogeneous due to structural inequalities, which overall could increase the disparities in risk among HCWs within marginalized communities (7) . Our results also show that comorbidities in HCWs, particularly those related to chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity and arterial hypertension), and the presentation of severe respiratory symptoms at the time of clinical assessment, increases the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health-care workers (HCWs) could be at increased occupational risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information regarding prevalence and risk factors for adverse outcomes in HCWs is scarce in Mexico. Here, we aimed to explore prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms, and risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in HCWs in Mexico City. METHODS: We explored data collected by the National Epidemiological Surveillance System in Mexico City. All cases underwent real-time RT-PCR test. We explored outcomes related to severe COVID-19 in HCWs and the diagnostic performance of symptoms to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs. RESULTS: As of July 5 (th), 2020, 35,095 HCWs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 11,226 were confirmed (31.9%). Overall, 4,322 were nurses (38.5%), 3,324 physicians (29.6%), 131 dentists (1.16%) and 3,449 laboratory personnel and other HCWs (30.8%). After follow-up, 1,009 HCWs required hospitalization (9.00%), 203 developed severe outcomes (1.81%), and 93 required mechanical-ventilatory support (0.82%). Lethality was recorded in 226 (2.01%) cases. Symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were fever, cough, malaise, shivering, myalgias at evaluation but neither had significant predictive value. We also identified 341 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (3.04%). Older HCWs with chronic non-communicable diseases, pregnancy, and severe respiratory symptoms were associated with higher risk for adverse outcomes. Physicians had higher risk for hospitalization and for severe outcomes compared with nurses and other HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: We report a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs in Mexico City. No symptomatology can accurately discern HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particular attention should focus on HCWs with risk factors to prevent adverse outcomes and reduce infection risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32986819/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1487 id: cord-283969-wqrzaxsu author: Antonucci, Michele title: The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis date: 2020-10-28 words: 2927.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283969-wqrzaxsu.txt summary: title: The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urolithiasis emergency department admissions, hospitalizations and clinical management in central Italy: a multicentric analysis Introduction and objectives We aimed to evaluate how the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak influenced emergency department (ED) admissions for urolithiasis, hospitalizations and clinical management of the hospitalized Patients. 3 Urolithiasis represents a frequent cause of ED admissions, accounting for 1%---2% of emergency visits 4 : in a report from a large series of patients admitted to ED in a big Italian hospital, 16% of patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain had a diagnosis of renal or ureteral stone. We performed a multicentric retrospective analysis of ED admissions for urolithiasis in three high volume urology department (>100 surgical procedures for stone disease per year) in Rome -Italy between March and April 2020 and in the same period of 2019. abstract: Introduction and objectives We aimed to evaluate how the corona virus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak influenced emergency department (ED) admissions for urolithiasis, hospitalizations and clinical management of the hospitalized Patients. Patients and methods We conducted a multicentric retrospective analysis of ED admissions in three high volume urology departments (one directly involved in COVID-19 patients management and two not involved) in Rome - Italy between March and April 2020 and in the same period of 2019. Statistical analysis was conducted on the number of admissions for urolithiasis, rate of complications, hospitalization and the type of treatment received. Results 304 patients were included in the analysis. A significant reduction in the global number of patients admitted to ED for urolithiasis between 2019 and 2020 (48.8%) was noted. Moreover, regarding the choice of treatment of hospitalized patients, a statistically significant increase of stone removal procedures versus urinary drainage was reported in 2020 (P = .015). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic in Rome there has been a significant reduction of emergency admissions for urolithiasis. Patients admitted to ED had more complications, more frequently need hospitalization and regarding clinical management early stone removal was preferred over urinary drainage only. All the urologists should be aware that in the next months they could face an increased number of admissions for urolithiasis and manage more complicated cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S217357862030130X doi: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2020.10.006 id: cord-272975-gzsd4ybt author: Antony, Arun title: Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 words: 3554.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272975-gzsd4ybt.txt summary: Significance EEG abnormalities are common in COVID-19 related encephalopathy and correlates with disease severity, preexisting neurological conditions including epilepsy and prolonged EEG monitoring. [6] [7] [8] Individual studies stress a specific population demographic or peculiar aspect of the EEG, but together provide a mosaic of EEG findings in varied groups from children to elderly, and asymptomatic patients to those with severe encephalopathy and status epilepticus. Here, we perform a systematic study of the EEG findings in patients with COVID-19 to synthesize the available data and to elucidate common patterns. Of interest, frontal lobe findings were common and included focal slowing, Diffuse background slowing was the most common EEG finding reported in two-thirds (68.6%) of patients indicating that a diffuse non-specific encephalopathy was the most common brain abnormality in this condition. The earliest available report of neurological complication of SARS-COV infection was a patient with respiratory failure and seizures, although EEG was not performed. abstract: Objective We performed a systematic review of the literature to synthesize the data on EEG findings in COVID-19. Frontal EEG patterns are reported to be a characteristic finding in COVID-19 encephalopathy. Although several reports of EEG abnormalities are available, there is lack of clarity about typical findings. Methods Research databases were queried with the terms “COVID” OR “coronavirus” OR “SARS” AND “EEG”. Available data was analyzed from 617 patients with EEG findings reported in 84 studies. Results The median age was 61.3 years (IQR 45−69, 33.3 % female). Common EEG Indications were altered mental status (61.7 %), seizure-like events (31.2 %), and cardiac arrest (3.5 %). Abnormal EEG findings (n = 543, 88.0 %) were sub-classified into three groups: (1) Background abnormalities: diffuse slowing (n = 423, 68.6 %), focal slowing (n = 105, 17.0 %), and absent posterior dominant rhythm (n = 63, 10.2 %). (2) Periodic and rhythmic EEG patterns: generalized periodic discharges (n = 35, 5.7 %), lateralized/multifocal periodic discharges (n = 24, 3.9 %), generalized rhythmic activity (n = 32, 5.2 %). (3) Epileptiform changes: focal (n = 35, 5.7 %), generalized (n = 27, 4.4 %), seizures/status epilepticus (n = 34, 5.5 %). Frontal EEG patterns comprised of approximately a third of all findings. In studies that utilized continuous EEG, 96.8 % (n = 243) of the 251 patients were reported to have abnormalities compared to 85.0 % (n = 311) patients who did not undergo continuous EEG monitoring (χ2 = 22.8, p =< 0.001). Significance EEG abnormalities are common in COVID-19 related encephalopathy and correlates with disease severity, preexisting neurological conditions including epilepsy and prolonged EEG monitoring. Frontal findings are frequent and have been proposed as a biomarker for COVID-19 encephalopathy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1059131120303320 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.014 id: cord-315519-f4vwix3q author: Antony, Suresh J. title: Early Use of Tocilizumab in Respiratory Failure Associated with Acute COVID -19 Pneumonia in Recipients with Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2020-06-26 words: 2217.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315519-f4vwix3q.txt summary: As of May 14, 2020, the World Health Organization has reported approximately 4.3 million cases of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with approximately 294,046 deaths worldwide.(1) Solid organ transplant recipients who are on chronic immunosuppressants fall within a special population of COVID-19 patients since they are more susceptible to complications secondary to COVID-19. We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a kidney and liver transplant and discuss the early use of tocilizumab to prevent the cytokine storm and attempt to reduce the likelihood of progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). 1 In the United States, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) reported 1,364,061 total cases and transplants are included in a special population of patients who may face increased risks of COVID-19 related complications given their use of chronic immunosuppressants. 3 We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with kidney and liver transplant and discuss the use of IL-6 inhibitor to prevent a cytokine storm in this setting. abstract: As of May 14, 2020, the World Health Organization has reported approximately 4.3 million cases of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with approximately 294,046 deaths worldwide.(1) Solid organ transplant recipients who are on chronic immunosuppressants fall within a special population of COVID-19 patients since they are more susceptible to complications secondary to COVID-19. Currently, we do not have data on treating COVID-19 patients with solid organ transplants with tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor. We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a kidney and liver transplant and discuss the early use of tocilizumab to prevent the cytokine storm and attempt to reduce the likelihood of progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). In addition, we present other COVID-19 related transplant cases reported in the literature outlining the presenting clinical signs and outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214250920301967 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00888 id: cord-338605-3i5pvcgu author: Antoun, Lina title: Maternal COVID-19 infection, clinical characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcome A prospective cohort study date: 2020-07-15 words: 2326.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338605-3i5pvcgu.txt summary: Four out of total 23 COVID-19 pregnant patients (17.4%) developed severe adult respiratory distress syndrome complications requiring ICU support, one of whom led to maternal death 1/23 (4.3%). Of the 23 pregnant patients 19 were in their third trimester of pregnancy and delivered; 7/19 (36.8%) had preterm birth, 3/19 (15.8%) developed adult respiratory distress syndrome before delivery, and 2/19 (10.5%) had pre-eclampsia. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 Data from MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, indicate that infection in pregnancy tends to be severe and associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, including increased risk of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth [6] [7] [8] [9] . One new-born, who was delivered at 35 weeks by emergency C-section to black African patient due to severe COVID-19 respiratory symptoms requiring ventilation, had low Apgar score of 3 and 5, at 1 and 5 minutes respectively following delivery ( Table 1 ). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study in a large tertiary maternity unit within a university hospital with an average annual birth of over 10,000 births. We prospectively collected and analysed data for a cohort of 23 pregnant patients including singleton and multiple pregnancies tested positive for COVID-19 between February 2020 and April 2020 inclusive to assess the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-three pregnant patients tested positive for COVID-19, delivering 20 babies including a set of twins, with four ongoing pregnancies at the time of manuscript submission. 16/23 (70%) whom tested positive were patients from Asian (Indian sub-continent) background. The severity of the symptoms ranged from mild in 13/23 (65.2%) of the patients, moderate in 2/23 (8.7%), and severe in 8/23 (34.8%). Four out of total 23 COVID-19 pregnant patients (17.4%) developed severe adult respiratory distress syndrome complications requiring ICU support, one of whom led to maternal death 1/23 (4.3%). 11/23 (48%) of the patients had pre-existing co-morbidities, with morbid obesity 5/23 (21.7%) and diabetes 4/23 (17.4%) being the more commonly represented. Of the 23 pregnant patients 19 were in their third trimester of pregnancy and delivered; 7/19 (36.8%) had preterm birth, 3/19 (15.8%) developed adult respiratory distress syndrome before delivery, and 2/19 (10.5%) had pre-eclampsia. 16/19 (84%) of patients delivered by C-section. Out of the 20 new-borns, 18 were singletons with a set of twin. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is associated with high prevalence of preterm birth, preeclampsia, and caesarean section compared to non-COVID pregnancies. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.008 id: cord-309729-nd48uh8e author: Antunes, Adriane E.C. title: Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID- 19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 4843.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309729-nd48uh8e.txt summary: Then, dietary strategies for the promotion of the gut microbiota, and thus the strengthening of the immune system associated with the gut, include increased consumption of fiber and prebiotics (Holscher, 2017) , and incorporating fermented foods (Marco et al., 2017) , and probiotics (Zmora, Suez, & Elinav, 2019) into the diet. There is scientific evidence about the ability of probiotics to promote gut immunity (Sánchez et al., 2017) and, for the moment, a modest evidence of their role in reducing the severity of acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTI) (Hao, Dong, & Wu, 2015) . In a context of impoverished and threatened intestinal microbiota, the consumption of home-made fermented foods (yoghurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kombucha) or the incorporation into the diet of commercial products containing probiotics and prebiotics, as food or food supplements, is part of a comprehensive nutritional strategy to enhance the function of the gut microbiota, to promote mucosal immunity and potentially upper respiratory tract immunity, to be potentially better prepared to face viral or bacterial infections caused by respiratory syndromes. abstract: The year 2020 will be remembered by a never before seen, at least by our generation, global pandemic of COVID-19. While a desperate search for effective vaccines or drug therapies is on the run, nutritional strategies to promote immunity against SARS-CoV-2, are being discussed. Certain fermented foods and probiotics may deliver viable microbes with the potential to promote gut immunity. Prebiotics, on their side, may enhance gut immunity by selectively stimulating certain resident microbes in the gut. Different levels of evidence support the use of fermented foods, probiotics and prebiotics to promote gut and lungs immunity. Without being a promise of efficacy against COVID-19, incorporating them into the diet may help to low down gut inflammation and to enhance mucosal immunity, to possibly better face the infection by contributing to diminishing the severity or the duration of infection episodes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109577 doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109577 id: cord-268329-apl6n6jl author: Antunes, Douglas Eulálio title: Will cases of leprosy reaction increase with COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-07-17 words: 1508.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268329-apl6n6jl.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus (betaCoV)-emerged for the first time as an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and it is now spreading to several countries around the world [1] . Some studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection have reported the presence of a cytokine storm syndrome and a subgroup of patients who progressed to severe forms of the disease, expressing a pro-inflammatory profile in plasma with IL-2, IL-7, TNF-α, and others as significant complications, such as occurs in T1R [10, 11] . In both reactions, we warn of the possible effect that COVID-19 infection may have on the number of cases of these immunological events because the presence of infection is an important risk factor for triggering leprosy reactions [8] . Another disturbing factor, which may contribute to the susceptibility of those affected by leprosy reactions, are the treatments implemented during these events that interfere with the inflammatory response of these patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008460 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008460 id: cord-310401-39jjedq0 author: Antwi-Amoabeng, D. title: Sociodemographic predictors of outcomes in COVID-19: examining the impact of ethnic disparities in Northern Nevada date: 2020-05-25 words: 2711.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310401-39jjedq0.txt summary: The underlying causes of ethnic disparities in the setting of COVID-19 remain to be established, but it has been postulated that social distancing represents a privilege of the dominant ethnic group; minority individuals are more likely to work essential jobs and live in multigenerational households as compared to their white counterparts [4, 5] . Additional patient-level data included age, sex, comorbidities, ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic), income class (low or middle/upper), insurance type (Medicare, Medicaid, private, uninsured, or workers'' compensation), and the presence or absence of a primary care provider. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112094 doi: medRxiv preprint Data on ethic disparity in COVID-19 have demonstrated significantly increased mortality among Hispanics as compared to whites [13] [14] ; this finding is puzzling in light of the demographics of the United States, where the median age for Hispanics is 27 years versus 37 years for the general population. abstract: Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Nearly five million individuals have since been diagnosed with this increasingly common and potentially lethal viral infection. Emerging evidence suggests a disproportionate burden of illness and death among minority communities. We aimed to evaluate the effect of ethnicity on outcomes among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Northern Nevada. Design: Single-center, retrospective observational study Materials and methods: The electronic health records of 172 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were obtained from a 946-bed tertiary referral center serving Northern Nevada. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by ethnic group (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic). Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of mortality. Results: Among 172 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12th and May 8th, 2020, 87 (50.6%) identified as Hispanic and 81 (47.1%) as non-Hispanic. The mean age was 46.0 among Hispanics and 55.8 among non-Hispanics. Comorbidities linked to increased COVID-19-related mortality - hypertension, obesity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - were more common among the non-Hispanic population. Hispanic individuals were significantly more likely to be uninsured and to live in low-income communities as compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts (27.6% versus 8.2% and 52.9% versus 30.6%, respectively). Hispanic patients were also less likely than non-Hispanics to have a primary care provider (42.5% versus 61.2%). However, mortality was significantly higher among the non-Hispanic population (15.3% versus 5.8%). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected Hispanic individuals in Northern Nevada, who account for only 25.7% of the population but over half of the confirmed cases. Hispanic individuals were younger and had fewer comorbidities than their non-Hispanic counterparts; consequently, despite considerable socioeconomic disadvantage, mortality was lower among the Hispanic population. The underlying causes of ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence remain to be established, but further investigation may lead to more effective community- and systems-based interventions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20112094v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112094 id: cord-316928-ivwz7jxi author: Anzola, Gian Paolo title: Neither ACEIs nor ARBs are associated with respiratory distress or mortality in COVID-19 results of a prospective study on a hospital-based cohort date: 2020-09-23 words: 3462.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316928-ivwz7jxi.txt summary: Considerable concern has emerged for the potential harm in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients, given that ACEIs and ARBs may increase the expression of ACE2 receptors that represent the way for coronavirus 2 to entry into the cell and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. Partly to help solving this issue, we undertook a prospective study aimed at assessing the clinical characteristics, with particular emphasis on the type of antihypertensive medication, of all consecutive patients presenting at the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital in Gavardo, in the neighborhood of Brescia in Lombardia (Italy), and found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we studied prospectively a cohort of consecutive Emergency Department patients found to have COVID-19 and were able to assess the relationship between ACEI and ARB use and the severity of the disease. abstract: Considerable concern has emerged for the potential harm in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor inhibitors (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients, given that ACEIs and ARBs may increase the expression of ACE2 receptors that represent the way for coronavirus 2 to entry into the cell and cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. Assess the effect of ACEI/ARBs on outcome in COVID-19 patients. Hospital-based prospective study. A total of 431 patients consecutively presenting at the Emergency Department and found to be affected by COVID-19 were assessed. Relevant clinical and laboratory variables were recorded, focusing on the type of current anti hypertensive treatment. Outcome variables were NO, MILD, SEVERE respiratory distress (RD) operationally defined and DEATH. Hypertension was the single most frequent comorbidity (221/431 = 51%). Distribution of antihypertensive treatment was: ACEIs 77/221 (35%), ARBs 63/221 (28%), OTHER than ACEIs or ARBs 64/221 (29%). In 17/221 (8%) antihypertensive medication was unknown. The proportion of patients taking ACEIs, ARBs or OTHERs who developed MILD or SEVERE RD was 43/77 (56%), 33/53 (52%), 39/64 (61%) and 19/77 (25%), 16/63 (25%) and 16/64 (25%), respectively, with no statistical difference between groups. Despite producing a RR for SEVERE RD of 2.59 (95% CI 1.93–3.49), hypertension was no longer significant in a logistic regression analysis that identified age, CRP and creatinine as the sole independent predictors of SEVERE RD and DEATH. ACEIs and ARBs do not promote a more severe outcome of COVID-19. There is no reason why they should be withheld in affected patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02500-2 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02500-2 id: cord-300978-busx8w6s author: Apetrii, Mugurel title: A brand-new cardiorenal syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) setting date: 2020-06-04 words: 2999.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300978-busx8w6s.txt summary: Although the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) targets preferentially patient''s lungs, recent data have documented that COVID-19 causes myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, exacerbation of heart failure and acute kidney injury. Studies show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to its predecessor SARS-CoV, engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the most important features that suggest myocardial injury are electrocardiogram changes and troponin elevation coupled with echocardiography showing signs of subclinical left ventricular diastolic impairment or even reduced ejection fraction (EF) in severe cases [11] , with a higher likelihood of the need for mechanical ventilation in those with reduced EF, as was seen during previous coronavirus outbreaks [9] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection abstract: Coronaviruses are a major pathogen for adults, causing up to one-third of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults during epidemics. Although the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) targets preferentially patient’s lungs, recent data have documented that COVID-19 causes myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, exacerbation of heart failure and acute kidney injury. Studies show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to its predecessor SARS-CoV, engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor. ACE2 is also expressed in the heart, providing a link between coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695320/ doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa082 id: cord-314849-owqq0lev author: Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D. title: Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-03 words: 2944.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314849-owqq0lev.txt summary: The results suggest that Deep Learning with X-ray imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. To achieve this, a collection of 1427 thoracic X-ray scans is processed and utilized to train and test the CNNs. Due to the fact that the size of the samples related to Covid-19 is small (224 images), transfer learning is a preferable strategy to train the deep CNNs. This is due to the fact that the state-of-the-art CNNs are sophisticated model requiring large-scale datasets to perform accurate feature extraction and classification. The results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning, and more specifically, transfer learning with CNNs to the automatic detection of abnormal X-ray images from small datasets, related to the Covid-19 disease. abstract: In this study, a dataset of X-ray images from patients with common bacterial pneumonia, confirmed Covid-19 disease, and normal incidents, was utilized for the automatic detection of the Coronavirus disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architectures proposed over the recent years for medical image classification. Specifically, the procedure called Transfer Learning was adopted. With transfer learning, the detection of various abnormalities in small medical image datasets is an achievable target, often yielding remarkable results. The datasets utilized in this experiment are two. Firstly, a collection of 1427 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 700 images with confirmed common bacterial pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. Secondly, a dataset including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 714 images with confirmed bacterial and viral pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. The data was collected from the available X-ray images on public medical repositories. The results suggest that Deep Learning with X-ray imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. Since by now, all diagnostic tests show failure rates such as to raise concerns, the probability of incorporating X-rays into the diagnosis of the disease could be assessed by the medical community, based on the findings, while more research to evaluate the X-ray approach from different aspects may be conducted. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11617v1.pdf doi: 10.1007/s13246-020-00865-4 id: cord-351510-8m4930bc author: Aquino, Yves S J title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 words: 5065.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt summary: In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. 28 In the next three sections, we elaborate the ways in which one disease''s public profile, such as COVID-19''s, can become so extraordinary that it undermines evidence-based clinical practice, drives unsustainable resource allocation and authorises structural forms of coercive consent. 32 Although there are several morally justifiable reasons for off-label use in general clinical practice, our analysis focusses on the influence of disease public profile on the unapproved or emergency use of HCQ for COVID-19 without sufficient scientific evidence. In this article, we argued that the case of HCQ being touted as potential COVID-19 treatment demonstrates the dangers of a disease''s public profile becoming the overarching influence in healthcare decision-making. abstract: The controversy surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for COVID-19 has raised numerous ethical and policy problems. Since the suggestion that HCQ has potential for COVID-19, there have been varying responses from clinicians and healthcare institutions, ranging from adoption of protocols using HCQ for routine care to the conduct of randomised controlled trials to an effective system-wide prohibition on its use for COVID-19. In this article, we argue that the concept of ‘disease public profile’ has become a prominent, if not the sole, determinant in decision-making across various healthcare responses to the pandemic. In the case of COVID-19, the disease’s public profile is based on clinical and non-clinical factors that include contagiousness, clinical presentation and media coverage. In particular, we briefly examine the dangers of a heightened public profile in magnifying the inequality of diseases and undermining three key ethical concepts, namely (1) evidence-based practice, (2) sustainable allocation and (3) meaningful consent. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647045/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106306 id: cord-325109-zi1qm589 author: Ara, Tasnim title: Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey date: 2020-09-17 words: 6019.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325109-zi1qm589.txt summary: title: Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID19) in Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID19) in Bangladesh. This information includes whether they are following the social distancing rule; whether they or their family members, relatives, friends, or neighbors got infected by COVID-19; whether they are working from home/doing online classes; whether they have to go to the workplace during the lockdown; whether any of the family members including respondent have lost their job; exercise status, whether food consumption dominates the new normal life during the lockdown, daily internet usage, perception regarding the risk of getting infected by COVID-19, anxiety, sleeping schedule, etc. abstract: BACKGROUND: Bangladesh, a developing country with a lower-middle-income and one of the world’s most densely populated areas, has been severely affected by COVID-19. This global epidemic is not only affecting the physical health of the patients but also causing severe psychological effects among those who have not yet been infected. Sleep disturbance is one of the key symptoms of major depression and one of the proven risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID-19) in Bangladesh. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, COVID-19, and lockdown related information have been collected from 1,128 individuals by conducting a web-based survey. Respondent’s perspective regarding sleep disturbance during COVID-19 lockdown is considered as the outcome of interest which is dichotomous. Descriptive statistics methods have been applied to explore the distribution of respondent’s demographic characteristics. Pearson’s chi-square tests have been performed to relate the sleep disturbance status of the respondents to their demographic, personal, and COVID-19 related information. Furthermore, a multivariable logistic regression model has been adopted to identify the significant association of sleep disturbance with the demographic, COVID-19, and lockdown related information of respondents during the COVID-19 lockdown in Bangladesh. FINDINGS: The prevalence of sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 lockdown is found to be higher among participants aged 31–40 years. Gender disparity has also been observed in favor of male participants, whereas no significant regional heterogeneity has been found. Working from home or doing online classes during the lockdown has been found as a potential predictive factor of sleep disturbance. Losing a job has been considered as an adverse economic effect of COVID-19, which also induces sleep disturbance. Perception regarding the risk of getting infected and anxiety triggered the chance of developing sleep disturbance. The sleeping schedule is also found as a risk factor for sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based policies are required to combat psychological challenges that have arisen due to COVID-19, primarily targeting the groups who are largely suffering from sleep disturbance. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580268 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580268 id: cord-320895-y6pzrbdi author: Arab-Zozani, Morteza title: COVID-19 in Iran: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Strategies for Preparedness – A Report From the Field date: 2020-09-27 words: 1820.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320895-y6pzrbdi.txt summary: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel unknown virus that is challenging whole countries all over the world, has prompted different strategies from various governments. Policies, such as social distancing, dramatically increasing social awareness about preventive actions in terms of public health, and using masks and hand washing, were cost-effective policies that resulted in successful control of the virus in the first onset. Possibly in level situations with similar countries, Iran will have far better results regarding preparedness for future pandemics like COVID-19. Iran was one of the first countries affected by the virus, and although the authorities'' initial reaction at the beginning of the epidemic was to "keep calm, and ignore the seriousness of the situation by comparing it to seasonal influenza," they subsequently had to change their position and consider tougher controls in the cities, as the course of the virus outbreak seemed to be out of control. abstract: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel unknown virus that is challenging whole countries all over the world, has prompted different strategies from various governments. Iran, as one of the first countries to experience the onset of the virus outbreak, made and implemented some policies that should be assessed, so that lessons may be learned for the future. Although some negative actions and policies, such as delays in cancellation of international flights especially from China, not taking the disease seriously and comparing it with seasonal influenza, and the like, are hard to ignore, some impressive actions are also vividly clear. Policies, such as social distancing, dramatically increasing social awareness about preventive actions in terms of public health, and using masks and hand washing, were cost-effective policies that resulted in successful control of the virus in the first onset. While some quite clearly ineffective decisions were made by Iranian authorities, the huge catastrophic effect of sanctions cannot be forgotten. Possibly in level situations with similar countries, Iran will have far better results regarding preparedness for future pandemics like COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713382/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.261 id: cord-263422-ojdcag0r author: Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title: Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date: 2020-07-20 words: 130.0 sentences: 15.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263422-ojdcag0r.txt summary: key: cord-263422-ojdcag0r authors: Aranda-Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano title: Response to: Amantadine, COVID-19 and Parkinsonism date: 2020-07-20 journal: Arch Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.002 sha: doc_id: 263422 cord_uid: ojdcag0r nan The fact that Parkinson''s patients get COVID-19 is probably because their main medication was Levodopa and not amantadine. I would like to point out that amantadine is an antiviral that is able to mitigate the effects of COVIDPhenomenology and outcomes of in-patients with Parkinson''s disease during COVID-19 pandemic Effects of COVID-19 on Parkinson''s Disease Clinical Features: A Community-Based Case-Control Study Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 Amantadine Treatment for People with COVID-19 Use of amantadine in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 Online ahead of print Online ahead of print abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.002 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.002 id: cord-272916-q8zjrodm author: Arasteh, Peyman title: A surge in methanol poisoning amid COVID-19 pandemic: why is this occurring? date: 2020-05-20 words: 553.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272916-q8zjrodm.txt summary: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced a pandemic related to a new corona virus infection known as the COVID-19 which first started in Wuhan, China 1 . Specifically, the large industrial use of ethanol for the manufacturing of hand sanitizers, which has been promoted for combating the spread of COVID-19, has created an unprecedented shortage in ethanol and has given way to individuals who were previously using ethanol for the manufacturing of alcohol beverages to shift to the use of methanol instead. Finally, Increased unstructured leisure time, decreased sports activity due to closure of gyms and the mass advertisement to the public to remain home, have all led to increased use of alcohol drinks 3, 4 and this has added more difficulty to the fight against the COVID-19 issue in our region. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.019 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.019 id: cord-347048-qqft4yc9 author: Araten, David J. title: Mild Clinical Course of COVID-19 in 3 Patients Receiving Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting C5 Complement for Hematologic Disorders date: 2020-09-12 words: 2161.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347048-qqft4yc9.txt summary: CASE REPORTS: Case 1 is a 39-year-old woman with an approximately 20-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), who had recently been switched from treatment with eculizumab to ravulizumab prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 2 is a 54-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal transplant for lupus nephritis, complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, who was maintained on eculizumab, which she started several months before she developed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: We see no evidence of increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in these patients on anti-complement therapy, which might actually have accounted for the mild course of infection. We now have the opportunity to report on 3 patients who were on therapeutic anti-complement therapy at the time they became infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The mild cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these 3 patients may have been related to anti-complement therapy, as suggested by preclinical models and reports of other patients who have received anti-complement therapy for COVID-19. abstract: Case series Patients: Female, 39-year-old • Female, 54-year-old • Female, 60-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Fever Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Hematology • Nephrology • Rheumatology OBJECTIVE: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology BACKGROUND: Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies might be more susceptible to COVID-19. Conversely, an exaggerated inflammatory response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection might be blunted by certain forms of immunosuppression, which could be protective. Indeed, there are data from animal models demonstrating that complement may be a part of the pathophysiology of coronavirus infections. There is also evidence from an autopsy series demonstrating complement deposition in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. This raises the question of whether patients on anti-complement therapy could be protected from COVID-19. CASE REPORTS: Case 1 is a 39-year-old woman with an approximately 20-year history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), who had recently been switched from treatment with eculizumab to ravulizumab prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 2 is a 54-year-old woman with a cadaveric renal transplant for lupus nephritis, complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, who was maintained on eculizumab, which she started several months before she developed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case 3 is a 60-year-old woman with a 14-year history of PNH, who had been treated with eculizumab since 2012, and was diagnosed with COVID-19 at the time of her scheduled infusion. All 3 patients had a relatively mild course of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: We see no evidence of increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in these patients on anti-complement therapy, which might actually have accounted for the mild course of infection. The effect of anti-complement therapy on COVID-19 disease needs to be determined in clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.927418 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.927418 id: cord-265890-quacalt5 author: Arauzo-Carod, Josep-Maria title: A first insight about spatial dimension of COVID-19: analysis at municipality level date: 2020-08-18 words: 2817.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265890-quacalt5.txt summary: During previous pandemics, authorities of the most a ected countries, as China, took preventive measures in order to control outbreaks, especially in dense urban areas with extensive public transport systems that could help to spread severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Departing from previous approaches and taking into account the type of data available for the Catalan case, we use global (i.e. Moran''s I) and local spatial autocorrelation (LISA) measures, because they allow to identify both general clustering processes as well as local agglomerations in terms of the disease. We have calculated Moran''s I on a weekly basis (see Supplementary Table S3 ) and results show that there is no global spatial autocorrelation for the positive cases at local level (no matter if these are measured in absolute terms or relative to local population), except from end June due to the outbreak in Lleida. abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper is about spatial patterns of by corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Using data for the first 21 weeks from municipalities in Catalonia, we analyse whether reported positive cases appear randomly or following some kind of spatial dependence. Global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation are used. RESULTS: There are some clusters alongside Catalan municipalities that change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Use of spatial analysis techniques is suggested to identify spatial disease patterns and to provide spatially disaggregated public health policy recommendations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808010/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa140 id: cord-332579-7950xjmv author: Aravena, J. M. title: ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date: 2020-06-07 words: 5012.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332579-7950xjmv.txt summary: title: ''Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:'' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults'' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. In this context, and considering the increasing number of COVID-19 related articles, a systematic review targeted to older people mental health considering a full-range of neuropsychiatric, psychiatric, psychosocial, and wellbeing parameters associated with the infection or the contextual impacts related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics, contrasting the results among groups seems pertinent and necessary to fully understand the response and experiences of older adults and other age groups in the context of pandemics. abstract: Background: Mental health has become one of the fundamental priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situations like physical distancing as well as being constantly tagged as the most vulnerable group could expose older adults to mental and psychosocial burdens. Nonetheless, there is little clarity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar pandemics in the past on the mental illness, wellbeing, and psychosocial health of the older population compared to other age groups. Objectives: To describe the patterns of older adults' mental and psychosocial health related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics and to evaluate the differences with how other age groups respond. Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. Data source: Original articles published until June 1st, 2020, in any language searched in the electronic healthcare and social sciences database: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( - CNKI). Furthermore, EPPI Centre's COVID-19 living systematic map and the publicly available publication list of the COVID-19 living systematic review will be incorporated for preprints and recent COVID-19 publications. Data extraction: Two independent reviewers will extract predefined parameters. The risk of bias will be assessed. Data synthesis: Data synthesis will be performed according to study type and design, type of epidemic and pandemic, types of outcomes (mental health and psychosocial outcomes), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, food security, presence of dependency in daily life activities independent/dependent older adults). Comparison between sex, race, and other age groups will be performed qualitatively, and quantitatively if enough data is available. The risk of bias and study heterogeneity will be reported for quantitative studies. Conclusion: This study will provide information to take actions to address potential mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults and to understand responses on this age group. Furthermore, it will be useful to identify potential groups that are more vulnerable or resilient to the mental-health challenges of the current worldwide pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 id: cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author: Aravindakshan, A. title: Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date: 2020-05-30 words: 3998.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt summary: By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study quantifies the effects of the types and timings of the implementation and relaxation of government policy interventions in reducing mobility and in turn decreasing the spread of COVID-19. Using data from the 16 states of Germany, we explore the effectiveness of different NPIs ( Figure 3 ) in reducing social mobility, and in turn affecting the spread of the disease. abstract: To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, several governments introduced strict Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) that restricted movement, public gatherings, national and international travel, and shut down large parts of the economy. Yet, the impact of the enforcement and subsequent loosening of these policies on the spread of COVID-19 is not well understood. Accordingly, we measure the impact of NPI on mitigating disease spread by exploiting the spatio-temporal variations in policy measures across the 16 states of Germany. This quasi-experiment identifies each policy's effect on reducing disease spread. We adapt the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model for disease propagation to include data on daily confirmed cases, intra- and inter-state movement, and social distancing. By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Contact restrictions were the most effective at lowering infection rates, while border closures had only minimal effects at mitigating the spread of the disease, even though cross-border travel might have played a role in seeding the disease in the population. We believe that a deeper understanding of the policy effects on mitigating the spread of COVID-19 allows a more accurate forecast of the disease spread when NPIs are (partially) loosened, and thus also better informs policymakers towards making appropriate decisions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.28.20115980v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115980 id: cord-294900-pmrffqe3 author: Arbel, Yuval title: Can Increased Recovery Rates from Coronavirus be explained by Prevalence of ADHD? An Analysis at the US Statewide Level date: 2020-09-21 words: 1488.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294900-pmrffqe3.txt summary: The current study attempts to investigate the relationships between infection, mortality and recovery rates from coronavirus and the prevalence of ADHD at the US statewide level. Based on information from 2011 regarding the prevalence of ADHD across the US by state, findings suggest that, while there are no correlations between ADHD and population size, infection and mortality rates from coronavirus, recovery rates (recovery-population ratio) rise with the prevalence of ADHD. (2020) , we test the correlation between infection, mortality and recovery from coronavirus (divided by the total population)-based on information from August 11, 2020; and prevalence of ADHD in 2011 at a US statewide-level. (2020) , the objective of the current study is to test the correlation between infection, mortality and recovery from coronavirus (divided by the total population)-based on information from August 11, 2020; and prevalence of ADHD in 2011 in the US at the statewide-level. abstract: Previous research demonstrates that ADHD is considered a risk factor for COVID-19. The current study attempts to investigate the relationships between infection, mortality and recovery rates from coronavirus and the prevalence of ADHD at the US statewide level. Based on information from 2011 regarding the prevalence of ADHD across the US by state, findings suggest that, while there are no correlations between ADHD and population size, infection and mortality rates from coronavirus, recovery rates (recovery-population ratio) rise with the prevalence of ADHD. Consequently, a possible explanation is that in coping with the disease, ADHD might provide an evolutionary advantage. An example of this phenomenon can be found in the gene that causes sickle-cell disease, which, as a non-dominant gene, helps cope with infection from malaria. If corroborated, research findings may support the conclusion that coronavirus limitations in special educational frameworks for ADHD would not be required or could be relaxed. JEL Codes: H75, I12 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955373/ doi: 10.1177/1087054720959707 id: cord-310901-oooat8xj author: Arca, Karissa N. title: COVID‐19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non‐Steroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use date: 2020-07-10 words: 4428.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310901-oooat8xj.txt summary: Several health organizations have concluded that treatment with corticosteroids during active infection should be avoided due to concerns of prolonged viral shedding in the respiratory tract and the lack of survival benefit based on the data from past coronaviruses and influenza virus; specific exceptions exist including treatment for underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is recommended that prior to prescribing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and steroids for the treatment of headache, clinicians have open discussions with their patients about the potential risks and benefits of using these medications during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and corticosteroid use in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been controversial, 6, 7 with existing evidence indirectly suggesting potential benefits 7, 8 or harms, 6, 9 and international and national health organizations providing inconsistent guidance. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current literature on non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and corticosteroid use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, recognizing that these are commonly used treatments in the field of headache medicine. BACKGROUND: The use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids in patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic has been a controversial topic within the medical community and international and national health organizations. Lay press and social media outlets have circulated opinions on this topic despite the fact that the evidence for or against the use of these medications is sparse. In the field of headache medicine, these medications are used commonly and both patients and clinicians may have questions or hesitations pertaining to their use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: A detailed search of the scientific and popular literature was performed. RESULTS: There is limited literature pertaining to the safety of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To date, there are no clear scientific data that preclude the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in the general population who may acquire COVID‐19 or in those acutely infected with the virus. Several health organizations have concluded that treatment with corticosteroids during active infection should be avoided due to concerns of prolonged viral shedding in the respiratory tract and the lack of survival benefit based on the data from past coronaviruses and influenza virus; specific exceptions exist including treatment for underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: Scientific information regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic is constantly evolving, and limited or contradictory information can lead to confusion for both patients and clinicians. It is recommended that prior to prescribing non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and steroids for the treatment of headache, clinicians have open discussions with their patients about the potential risks and benefits of using these medications during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This manuscript summarizes the currently available evidence and understanding about these risks and benefits to help clinicians navigate such discussions. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13903 doi: 10.1111/head.13903 id: cord-322110-crt3h6ua author: Arcari, Luca title: Incidence and determinants of high-sensitivity troponin and natriuretic peptides elevation at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients date: 2020-09-28 words: 3486.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322110-crt3h6ua.txt summary: As compared to those with normal cardiac biomarkers, these patients were older, had higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia by higher CRP and d-dimer and lower PaO2/FIO2. We observed hs-Troponin and NP to be associated with both preexisting factors leading to higher vulnerability of myocardium (age, anemia, renal failure, previous CVD) as well as markers of COVID-19 pneumonia disease severity (d-dimer [9] , CRP [24] and PaO2/FIO2 [27] ). Finally, irrespective of the underlying mechanisms and in accordance with previous studies [10, 13] , we observed higher in-hospital mortality in patients with either high hs-Troponin or NP within our population, strengthening the hypothesis that cardiac biomarkers assessment might provide useful information to aid COVID-19 pneumonia risk stratification. abstract: BACKGROUND: Myocardial involvement in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has been reported, though not fully characterized yet. The aim of the present study is to undertake a joint evaluation of hs-Troponin and natriuretic peptides (NP) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: In this multicenter observational study, we analyzed data from n = 111 patients. Cardiac biomarkers subgroups were identified according to values beyond reference range. RESULTS: Increased hs-Troponin and NP were found in 38 and 56% of the cases, respectively. As compared to those with normal cardiac biomarkers, these patients were older, had higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia by higher CRP and d-dimer and lower PaO2/FIO2. Two-dimensional echocardiography performed in a subset of patients (n = 24) showed significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with elevated NP (p = 0.02), whereas right ventricular systolic function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) was significantly reduced both in patients with high hs-Troponin and NP (p = 0.022 and p = 0.03, respectively). Both hs-Troponin and NP were higher in patients with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). On multivariable analysis, independent associations were found of hs-Troponin with age, PaO2/FIO2 and d-dimer (B = 0.419, p = 0.001; B = − 0.212, p = 0.013; and B = 0.179, p = 0.037, respectively) and of NP with age and previous CVD (B = 0.480, p < 0.001; and B = 0.253, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial involvement at admission is common in COVID-19 pneumonia. Independent associations of hs-Troponin with markers of disease severity and of NP with underlying CVD might point toward existing different mechanisms leading to their elevation in this setting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11739-020-02498-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02498-7 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02498-7 id: cord-288030-69e8cmy2 author: Ardakani, Ali Abbasian title: Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks date: 2020-04-30 words: 3414.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288030-69e8cmy2.txt summary: title: Application of deep learning technique to manage COVID-19 in routine clinical practice using CT images: Results of 10 convolutional neural networks indicated that a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) could detect lung nodules with a competition performance metric of 0.7967. In this study, we propose a CAD system based on deep learning to classify COVID-19 infection versus other atypical and viral pneumonia diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the entirety of patients representing flu-like symptoms with an initial diagnosis of the novel coronavirus, regardless of demographic values such as age and sex, were included in the study. In this study, ten well-known pre-trained CNN were used to distinguish infection of COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 group: 1-AlexNet, 2-VGG-16, 3-VGG-19, 4-SqueezeNet, 5-GoogleNet, 6-MobileNet-V2, 7-ResNet-18, 8-ResNet-50, 9-ResNet-101, and 10-Xception ( Fig. 3 ). In conclusion, a CAD approach based on CT images with promising potential was proposed to distinguish infection of COVID-19 from other atypical and viral pneumonia diseases. abstract: Fast diagnostic methods can control and prevent the spread of pandemic diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and assist physicians to better manage patients in high workload conditions. Although a laboratory test is the current routine diagnostic tool, it is time-consuming, imposing a high cost and requiring a well-equipped laboratory for analysis. Computed tomography (CT) has thus far become a fast method to diagnose patients with COVID-19. However, the performance of radiologists in diagnosis of COVID-19 was moderate. Accordingly, additional investigations are needed to improve the performance in diagnosing COVID-19. In this study is suggested a rapid and valid method for COVID-19 diagnosis using an artificial intelligence technique based. 1020 CT slices from 108 patients with laboratory proven COVID-19 (the COVID-19 group) and 86 patients with other atypical and viral pneumonia diseases (the non-COVID-19 group) were included. Ten well-known convolutional neural networks were used to distinguish infection of COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 groups: AlexNet, VGG-16, VGG-19, SqueezeNet, GoogleNet, MobileNet-V2, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and Xception. Among all networks, the best performance was achieved by ResNet-101 and Xception. ResNet-101 could distinguish COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 cases with an AUC of 0.994 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 99.02%; accuracy, 99.51%). Xception achieved an AUC of 0.994 (sensitivity, 98.04%; specificity, 100%; accuracy, 99.02%). However, the performance of the radiologist was moderate with an AUC of 0.873 (sensitivity, 89.21%; specificity, 83.33%; accuracy, 86.27%). ResNet-101 can be considered as a high sensitivity model to characterize and diagnose COVID-19 infections, and can be used as an adjuvant tool in radiology departments. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0010482520301645 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103795 id: cord-295058-c88fq1de author: Ardila, Alfredo title: Executive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-22 words: 650.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295058-c88fq1de.txt summary: Dear Sir, Executive function disturbances ("dysexecutive syndrome") have usually been associated with frontal lobe pathology [1, 2] . The previous information suggests than in a significant number of cases COVID-19 infection may be associated with an executive dysfunction syndrome. In addition, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which as a pulmonary manifestation has received much attention during this pandemic, can lead to long-term cognitive impairments. Although the paper does not elaborate on the type of cognitive difficulty experienced by this group of patients, a personal communication with the corresponding author of the paper reveals that majority of the study participants had either attention impairment or dysexecutive symptoms, suggesting a frontal lobar dysfunction in either case. Both in acute phase as well as in the long run, executive dysfunction may be anticipated to be a part of neurological consequences of this viral infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755837/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.032 id: cord-240742-w57e1eu6 author: Arela-Bobadilla, Ronal title: Excess deaths hidden 100 days after the quarantine in Peru by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 words: 3363.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-240742-w57e1eu6.txt summary: Esta situación ha provocado la muerte de 8 616 personas hasta el 23 de junio de 2020 -día 100 de la cuarentena nacional(6) ; sin embargo, el Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF) registra un número muy superior de fallecimientos por causa no violenta en comparación al mismo periodo de 2019 (7) . La comparación simple con el año 2019 indica que el exceso de fallecimientos durante el 16 de marzo y el 23 de junio de 2020 fue de 3,7 veces las muertes oficiales por COVID-19 hasta esa fecha; sin embargo, las estimaciones considerando la cuarentena indican que el excedente fue entre 4,1 (muestra L100) y 4,2 veces (muestra L1). Este trabajo permite la comparación del exceso de muertes producido en Perú con el de otros países que no han impuesto una cuarentena o cuyo confinamiento empezó después de la aparición de los primeros casos locales de COVID-19. abstract: Objective: To make an estimate of the excess deaths caused by COVID-19 in the non-violent mortality of Peru, controlling for the effect of quarantine. Methods: Analysis of longitudinal data from the departments of Peru using official public information from the National Death Information System and the Ministry of Health of Peru. The analysis is performed between January 1, 2018 and June 23, 2020 (100 days of quarantine). The daily death rate per million inhabitants has been used. The days in which the departments were quarantined with a limit number of accumulated cases of COVID-19 were used to estimate the quarantine impact. Three limits were established for cases: less than 1, 10 and 100 cases. Result: In Peru, the daily death rate per million inhabitants decreased by -1.89 (95% CI: -2.70; -1.07) on quarantine days and without COVID-19 cases. When comparing this result with the total number of non-violent deaths, the excess deaths during the first 100 days of quarantine is 36,230. This estimate is 1.12 times the estimate with data from 2019 and 4.2 times the deaths officers by COVID-19. Conclusion: Quarantine reduced nonviolent deaths; however, they are overshadowed by the increase as a direct or indirect cause of the pandemic. Therefore, the difference between the number of current deaths and that of past years underestimates the real excess of deaths. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.01979v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-275370-bt45gnqk author: Arellano-Cotrina, Josabet Johana title: Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review date: 2020-07-17 words: 3791.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt summary: The purpose of this investigation was to identify, synthesize, and compare all the current information on the efficacy of dental masks, emphasizing their use, types, and filters to prevent the spread and infection of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. 13, 14 The WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend a series of fundamental preventive measures, such as protective equipment for health personnel during the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, one of the most effective being masks. 16, 17 Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and synthesize all the current information comparing the efficacy of dental masks, to increase our knowledge about the correct use of different types of masks and filters to prevent the spread and contagion of the COVID-19 virus and other infectious diseases. Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to identify, synthesize, and compare all the current information on the efficacy of dental masks, emphasizing their use, types, and filters to prevent the spread and infection of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. A bibliographic search of the main scientific databases was carried out using the words “masks, COVID-19, and dentistry.” Articles without language restriction up to May 31, 2020, were obtained. The types of masks, their half-life, method to use, sterilization, and proposed alternatives for dental masks were analyzed. Most of the articles refer to the use of N95 or FFP2 respirators presented as a strategy to extend the life of the masks and limited reuse. Regarding sterilization, most of the articles presented studies using ultraviolet germicidal irradiation as the sterilization method. Regarding respirator mask half-life, we recommend prolonged use, combined with a disposable surgical mask over the respirator mask. Finally, the use of N95 or FFP2 respirators are recommended as part of personal protective equipment for dental use. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.255 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.255 id: cord-323489-ro7kbnu3 author: Arenas, María Dolores title: Protection of nephrology health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 words: 4137.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323489-ro7kbnu3.txt summary: There are a number of reasons why the protection of healthcare professionals has to be one of the main objectives in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: 1) They are necessary to guarantee the continuity of care; 2) They have a high risk of contagion due to their front-line exposure to infected patients; and 3) They may act as transmission vehicles in their day-to-day work to patients, other colleagues, and members of their families and the community. a Special care or protective measures for medical, nursing and auxiliary staff who work daily with haemodialysis patients As has previously been described in other publications 3,10 , the main protection measures for healthcare professionals and patients in haemodialysis units are: 1) adequate information for patients attending the centre in terms of maintaining a safe distance from fellow patients in waiting rooms and ambulances, and in the use of surgical masks and frequent hand washing; 2) early detection of patients suspected to be infected on arrival at the unit (questionnaires about symptoms or close contacts, taking temperature), and if highly suspect, taking a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR testing. abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic represents a special risk for kidney patients due to their comorbidities and advanced age, and the need for hemodialysis treatment in group rooms. It also represents a risk for professionals responsible for their attention. This manuscript contains a proposal for action to prevent infection of professionals in the Nephrology Services, one of the most valuable assets at the present time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2013251420301061 doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.018 id: cord-320514-nd6c1xjn author: Ari, Selma title: Elevated eosinophil count is related with lower anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-08 words: 3334.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320514-nd6c1xjn.txt summary: In conclusion; Elevated eosinophil count is related to lower anti-factor Xa activity in patients with COVID-19 receiving LMWH. This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) using laboratory data. When the baseline demographic and laboratory characteristics of the patients in groups 1 and 2 were evaluated, no significant difference was found except for the eosinophil counts and activity of anti-factor Xa ( Table 1 ). Laboratory analysis of the blood collected before the discharge of patients revealed that eosinophil counts in group 1 were higher than in group 2, whereas aPTT and anti-factor Xa activity were lower in group 1 than in group 2 ( Table 2) . Previous studies examined the anti-factor Xa activity after LMWH administration for VTE prophylaxis, and values below 0.2 IU/mL have been shown to be subprophylactic doses [17, 18] . abstract: Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing anti-factor Xa activity in COVID-19 patients receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; LMWH (enoxaparin) was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-factor Xa activity in blood, drawn 4 h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, was measured and an activity of < 0.2 IU/mL was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically, and anti-factor Xa activity was re-examined before discharge. Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 67 patients with subprophylactic (mean ± SD: 0.18 ± 0.06) and prophylactic (mean ± SD: 0.43 ± 0.23) anti-factor Xa activity, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (mean ± SD; 2.96 ± 2.55 vs 0.90 ± 1.28; p = 0.001). At the time of discharge, the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (eosinophil %, mean ± SD; 3.06 ± 1.49 vs 2.07 ± 1.92; p = 0.001), but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34 ± 1.38 vs 24.38 ± 3.58; p = 0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content > 4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%), while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p = 0.009), and all had a D-dimer level < 1 μg/mL (p = 0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93); p = 0.001). In conclusion; Elevated eosinophil count is related to lower anti-factor Xa activity in patients with COVID-19 receiving LMWH. The clinical significance of the subprophylactic anti-factor Xa activity should be studied in COVID-19 patients (NCT04507282). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046998/ doi: 10.1007/s12308-020-00419-3 id: cord-314113-m46j1379 author: Arias, Jose title: COVID-19 effect on herding behaviour in European Capital Markets date: 2020-10-01 words: 1367.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314113-m46j1379.txt summary: Using a sample from the stock exchanges of France (Paris), Germany (Frankfurt), Italy (Milan), United Kingdom (London) and Spain (Madrid), over the period from January 03, 2000 to June 19, 2020, we found robust evidence that COVID-19 pandemic increased herding behaviour in the capital markets of Europe. Given the above, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic increases herding behaviour in capital markets in Europe. The level of herding is more evident when daily data is used (Tan et al., 2008 January in the Federal state of Bavaria; in Italy Chinese tourists were diagnosed on 30 January on board a cruise ship; in the United Kingdom the first cases were reported on 31 January in the city of York; and in Spain the first patient with COVID-19 was identified on 31 January in La Gomera (Georgeou and Hawksley, 2020) . abstract: This article investigates whether COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on herding behaviour in Europe. Using a sample from the stock exchanges of France (Paris), Germany (Frankfurt), Italy (Milan), United Kingdom (London) and Spain (Madrid), over the period from January 03, 2000 to June 19, 2020, we found robust evidence that COVID-19 pandemic increased herding behaviour in the capital markets of Europe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024422/ doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101787 id: cord-316484-2s8w7r4v author: Arias-Reyes, C. title: Decreased incidence, virus transmission capacity, and severity of COVID-19 at altitude on the American continent date: 2020-07-24 words: 5356.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316484-2s8w7r4v.txt summary: However, being aware that the course of the pandemic changes from day to day and that more detailed statistical analyzes are required, in this new study, we analyzed the epidemiological data from 23 countries in the American continent as of the 23 rd of May. Our results show that the incidence of COVID-19, the virus transmission rate, and the severity of COVID-19 decrease significantly starting at 1,000 masl. The evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission rate was performed only for Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, as these countries applied similar strong early quarantines and provided daily epidemiological data at state/province/departamento level. To investigate whether the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 differs between highlands (>1,000 masl) and lowlands (<1,000 masl), we used SEIR epidemiological models only in countries that applied similar strong early quarantines and provided daily epidemiological data at state/province/departamento level: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in North, Central, and South America has become the epicenter of the current pandemic. We have suggested previously that the infection rate of this virus might be lower in people living at high altitude (over 2,500 m) compared to that in the lowlands. Based on data from official sources, we performed a new epidemiological analysis of the development of the pandemic in 23 countries on the American continent as of May 23, 2020. Our results confirm our previous finding, further showing that the incidence of COVID-19 on the American continent decreases significantly starting at 1,000 m above sea level (masl). Moreover, epidemiological modeling indicates that the virus transmission rate capacity is lower in the highlands (>1,000 masl) than in the lowlands (<1,000 masl). Finally, evaluating the differences in the recovery percentage of patients, the death-to-case ratio, and the theoretical fraction of undiagnosed cases, we found that the severity of COVID-19 is also decreased above 1,000 m. We conclude that the impact of the COVID-19 decreases significantly with altitude. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.22.20160168v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20160168 id: cord-297425-vcqqssm8 author: Aries, James A. title: Clinical Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Haemato‐oncology Patients date: 2020-05-18 words: 1402.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297425-vcqqssm8.txt summary: However, the prognosis varies widely between groups, with age over 60 years and underlying conditions including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer identified as risk factors for severe disease and death.(3) The initial reports from China show that patients with cancer are over‐represented among individuals who develop severe Covid‐19 after contracting the virus.(4) Patients with haematological malignancies are expected to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from this viral infection, due being immunosuppressed as a consequence of the underlying cancer, and from the effects of therapy. (3) The initial reports from China show that patients with cancer are over-represented among individuals who develop severe Covid-19 after contracting the virus.(4) Patients with haematological malignancies are expected to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from this viral infection, due being immunosuppressed as a consequence of the underlying cancer, and from the effects of therapy. abstract: Since being identified in China in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic with over 4 million cases and more than 270,000 deaths.(1) Following the first reported cases in the United Kingdom (UK) in late January 2020, numbers have continued to rise with 223,060 cases and 32,065 deaths reported as of 11(th) May 2020.(2) Initial reports from China have indicated that Covid‐19 has an overall mortality rate of 1.4%. However, the prognosis varies widely between groups, with age over 60 years and underlying conditions including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer identified as risk factors for severe disease and death.(3) The initial reports from China show that patients with cancer are over‐represented among individuals who develop severe Covid‐19 after contracting the virus.(4) Patients with haematological malignancies are expected to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from this viral infection, due being immunosuppressed as a consequence of the underlying cancer, and from the effects of therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16852 doi: 10.1111/bjh.16852 id: cord-308195-nlibv0u4 author: Arleo, T. L. title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population date: 2020-10-27 words: 3586.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308195-nlibv0u4.txt summary: title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population Methods We conducted a case cohort study of autoimmune disease patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR) from 02/01/2020 to 07/31/2020 and compared them in a 1:3 ratio with uninfected patients who were matched based on race, age, sex, and comorbidity index. Conclusions Rheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. COVID-19 infected patients were determined by selecting patients from the study population that received a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR test through Emory Medical Laboratories. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.26.20219154 doi: medRxiv preprint among this population, as rheumatic disease patients who are admitted to the hospital have poor outcomes regardless of an underlying illness [8] [9] . abstract: Objectives To determine clinical course and outcomes in rheumatic disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare results to uninfected patients. Methods We conducted a case cohort study of autoimmune disease patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR) from 02/01/2020 to 07/31/2020 and compared them in a 1:3 ratio with uninfected patients who were matched based on race, age, sex, and comorbidity index. Patient demographics, clinical course, and outcomes were compared among these patient groups. Results A total of 70 rheumatic disease patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 56.6 years; 64% African American) were identified. The 34 (49%) patients who were hospitalized used oral glucocorticoids more frequently (p<0.01). All 10 patients on anti-TNF medications were treated as outpatients (p<0.01). Those hospitalized with COVID-19 more often required ICU admission (17 (50%) vs 27 (26%), OR=2.78 (95% CI: 1.24 to 6.20)) and intubation (10 (29%) vs 6 (6%), OR=6.67 (95% CI: 2.20 to 20.16)) than uninfected patients. They also had higher mortality rates (6 (18%) vs 3 (3%), OR=7.21 (95% CI: 1.70 to 30.69)). Of the six COVID-19 patients who died, one was of African ancestry (p=0.03). Conclusions Rheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. Patients on anti-TNF medications were hospitalized less frequently while those on chronic glucocorticoids were hospitalized more frequently. These findings have important implications for medication choice in rheumatic disease patients during the ongoing spread of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.20219154v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20219154 id: cord-318697-6o0i4gir author: Armitage, Richard title: Whistleblowing and patient safety during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 547.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318697-6o0i4gir.txt summary: It has been rightly noted that health workers globally must be able to speak out during COVID-19, allowing them to draw public attention to inadequate PPE supplies and unsafe working conditions, while being protected from censorship, attack, government intimidation, harassment, and arrest [1] . Health service whistleblowing procedures that are secure and robust are of paramount importance to patient safety, and must be strengthened and protected during COVID-19. The degree to which COVID-19 has necessitated the rapid redesign and redeployment of health systems, services, staff, and research globally has created clinical environments in which patient safety, care, and dignity could be threatened. Without timely, secure, and effective whistleblowing procedures, these conditions may lead to unsafe working environments, poor clinical care, and significant harm to both patients and staff. Such measures are essential to protect the human rights of these irreplaceable health workers [1] , and to safeguard patient safety, clinical care, and human dignity. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100425 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100425 id: cord-340168-ff6z1tpx author: Armitage, Richard title: COVID-19: Compounding the health-related harms of human trafficking date: 2020-06-05 words: 528.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340168-ff6z1tpx.txt summary: Those affected by human trafficking are exposed to multiple severe health risks, including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, occupational hazards, and deprivation, and usually require urgent medical care to address the physical and psychological consequences of extreme exploitation [1] . Simultaneously, as health systems and law enforcement refocus on COVID-19, and governments impose strict physical distancing policies, efforts to identify trafficking are significantly undermined, as healthcare providers, labour inspectors, social workers, and third sector actors are limited in their actions and contact with at-risk groups. Victims of trafficking are disproportionately at risk of COVID-19 infection due to pre-existing health needs, unregulated and unsafe working environments, over-crowded living conditions, poverty, malnutrition, and substance misuse. This further prevents timely or confidential access to healthcare, increasing morbidity and mortality due to untreated acute and long-term conditions including communicable diseases, physical injuries, mental illness, substance misuse, and suicide attempts [5] , while opportunities are missed for healthcare workers to screen, identify, and disrupt trafficking activity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32766534/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100409 id: cord-251962-xeue441p author: Armour, Cherie title: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date: 2020-11-04 words: 10287.0 sentences: 482.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt summary: The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. 2005) , posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured, and, given the nature of the study and prior research having highlighted that quarantined and infected individuals and their family 1 Please note that these figures refer to deaths of people who had a confirmed positive COVID19 test result. In order to assess the representativeness of the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study sample to the UK general population, it was compared to data from the UK Census 2011 for adults aged 18 years + . abstract: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4 doi: 10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4 id: cord-282814-wnc9iql3 author: Armstrong, A. title: A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe date: 2020-04-21 words: 1856.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282814-wnc9iql3.txt summary: title: A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust. We are living through unprecedented times; unexpected by the world and bearing huge impact for the National Health Service (NHS), which has to adapt and redefine itself in response to the continually evolving Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As a large department we are expected to support the acute specialties, urgently rationalise care, reduce patient footfall and design a new working pattern that protects both staff and the public. To help free-up plastic surgeons, public information and advice was disseminated via the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) Voice social media pages, warning self-isolating patients of the risks of DIY and other avoidable injuries at home. abstract: COVID-19 is presenting a colossal challenge to frontline NHS staff. This paper highlights how plastic surgery teams can use their diverse skills and resources in times of crisis. Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.03.027 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.03.027 id: cord-290490-u3mkfvxw author: Armstrong-James, Darius title: Confronting and mitigating the risk of COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA) date: 2020-07-23 words: 2294.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290490-u3mkfvxw.txt summary: Cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are being increasingly reported and physicians treating patients with COVID-19-related lung disease need to actively consider these fungal co-infections. Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) presents a known risk to critically unwell patients with influenza (12) (13) (14) and the clinical course of COVID-19 shows many features that are shared with severe influenza infection. Although the host risk factors and clinical characteristics of CAPA are not yet understood, those individuals fulfilling the criteria for proven or probable aspergillosis (13, 14) should then be treated according to current guidelines (31, 32) . Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication of critically ill H1N1 patients: a retrospective study A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients Beta-Dglucan detection as a diagnostic test for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised critically ill patients with symptoms of respiratory infection: an autopsy-based study Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19 in the ICU -A case report abstract: Cases of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are being increasingly reported and physicians treating patients with COVID-19-related lung disease need to actively consider these fungal co-infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02554-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02554-2020 id: cord-336148-50ovfwvo author: Arnold, D. T. title: Blood parameters measured on admission as predictors of outcome for COVID-19; a prospective UK cohort study date: 2020-06-29 words: 3871.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336148-50ovfwvo.txt summary: The DISCOVER study prospectively recruited patients with COVID-19 admitted to a UK hospital and analysed a panel of putative prognostic biomarkers on the admission blood sample to identify markers of poor outcome. All biomarkers were tested in logistic regression against a composite outcome of non-invasive ventilation, intensive care admission, or death, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) figures calculated. The DIagnostic and Severity markers of COVID-19 to Enable Rapid triage (DISCOVER) study prospectively recruited patients presenting with COVID-19 to a single UK hospital, with the aim of identifying the additional value of biomarkers to routine clinical care in predicting mortality , need for non-invasive ventilation or intensive care unit admission. In this study, we aimed to identify whether any individual biomarker (Lymphocyte count, Neutrophil count, Neutrophil:Lymphocyte ratio, CRP, IL-6,KL-6, suPAR, NT-pro BNP, LDH, PCT, Troponin T, Ferritin) had prognostic significance for the primary outcome as an individual marker, when used on the initial blood sample taken. abstract: Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 has an unpredictable clinical course so prognostic biomarkers would be invaluable when triaging patients on admission to hospital. Many biomarkers have been suggested using large observational datasets but sample timing is crucial to ensure prognostic relevance. The DISCOVER study prospectively recruited patients with COVID-19 admitted to a UK hospital and analysed a panel of putative prognostic biomarkers on the admission blood sample to identify markers of poor outcome. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to hospital with proven or clinicoradiological suspected COVID-19 were recruited. Admission bloods were extracted from the clinical laboratory. A panel of biomarkers (IL-6, suPAR, KL-6, Troponin, Ferritin, LDH, BNP, Procalcitonin) were performed in addition to routinely performed markers (CRP, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio). Age, NEWS score and CURB-65 were included as comparators. All biomarkers were tested in logistic regression against a composite outcome of non-invasive ventilation, intensive care admission, or death, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) figures calculated. Results: 155 patients had 28-day outcomes at the time of analysis. CRP (AUC 0.51 ,CI:0.40-0.62), lymphocyte count (AUC 0.62 ,CI:0.51-0.72), and other routine markers did not predict the primary outcome. IL-6 (AUC: 0.78,0.65-0.89) and suPAR (AUC 0.77 ,CI: 0.66-0.85) showed some promise, but simple clinical features alone such as NEWS score (AUC: 0.74 ,0.64-0.83) or age (AUC: 0.70 ,0.61-0.78) performed nearly as well. Discussion: Admission blood biomarkers have only moderate predictive value for predicting COVID-19 outcomes, while simple clinical features such as age and NEWS score outperform many biomarkers. IL-6 and suPAR had the best performance, and further studies should validate these biomarkers in a prospective fashion. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.25.20137935v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20137935 id: cord-322966-o65fo853 author: Arnold, Ruth H. title: COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? date: 2020-05-25 words: 5415.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt summary: title: COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks? ABSTRACT Debate continues in the medical literature on the role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and the implications for the use of cardiovascular drugs acting on the RAS. Debate continues in the medical literature on the role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pathophysiology and the implications for the use of cardiovascular drugs acting on the RAS. Debate has arisen due to the finding that underlying cardiovascular disease and hypertension are associated with significantly increased risk of hospitalisation and death in COVID-19 [1, 2] , in addition to the viral receptor being angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) [3 -5] . Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitorswith severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalised for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: ABSTRACT Debate continues in the medical literature on the role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology and the implications for the use of cardiovascular drugs acting on the RAS. Could these drugs – which include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptors blockers (ARBs) – be harmful or potential key therapeutic agents in COVID-19? url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1443950620301451 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.004 id: cord-265155-jbvrcjx8 author: Aroniadis, Olga C. title: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities in the Digestive Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 1606.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265155-jbvrcjx8.txt summary: Herein we discuss the known digestive manifestations of COVID-19 and their potential implications, important questions that remain unanswered, and what gastroenterologists should know to care for affected patients and contribute to extinguishing the pandemic. This is based on: 1) a high incidence (in some reports) of digestive symptoms among infected patients, 1-4 2) expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors -the viral target for cellular entry -throughout the digestive system, 1,2 3) presence of viral RNA in the stool of infected patients [1] [2] [3] 5 , and 4) prior experience with the 2003 SARS-coronavirus and the 2012 Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus, both of which are known to infect and injure the GI tract. Multiple studies have confirmed the presence of SARS-nCoV-2 RNA in the stool of COVID-19 patients, including some who never tested positive in the upper respiratory tract. Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients with Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S154235652030536X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.039 id: cord-152238-z0gysxni author: Aronna, M. Soledad title: A model for COVID-19 with isolation, quarantine and testing as control measures date: 2020-05-15 words: 8883.0 sentences: 519.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-152238-z0gysxni.txt summary: We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. These constants may be used as control parameters, via the tuned lockdown as decided by the public policies (reflecting on p and partially on r), the awareness of the population in respecting the social distancing among individuals and in the widespread use of personal protection equipment (expressed by β and partially by r), the availability of testing kits, that results in a higher or lower value of ρ. In our model, since the groups of active individuals and in r-isolation evolve differently (see Scenario A 4 and Figure 4 below), the time-dependent reproduction number R(t) is given by the formula (4) where ϕ in (5) is abstract: In this article we propose a compartmental model for the dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We take into account the presence of asymptomatic infections and the main policies that have been adopted so far to contain the epidemic: isolation (or social distancing) of a portion of the population, quarantine for confirmed cases and testing. We model isolation by separating the population in two groups: one composed by key-workers that keep working during the pandemic and have a usual contact rate, and a second group consisting of people that are enforced/recommended to stay at home. We refer to quarantine as strict isolation, and it is applied to confirmed infected cases. In the proposed model, the proportion of people in isolation, the level of contact reduction and the testing rate are control parameters that can vary in time, representing policies that evolve in different stages. We obtain an explicit expression for the basic reproduction number $mathcal{R}_0$ in terms of the parameters of the disease and of the control policies. In this way we can quantify the effect that isolation and testing have in the evolution of the epidemic. We present a series of simulations to illustrate different realistic scenarios. From the expression of $mathcal{R}_0$ and the simulations we conclude that isolation (social distancing) and testing among asymptomatic cases are fundamental actions to control the epidemic, {and the stricter these measures are and the sooner they are implemented,} the more lives can be saved. Additionally, we show that people that remain in isolation significantly reduce their probability of contagion, so risk groups should be recommended to maintain a low contact rate during the course of the epidemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07661v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-323690-dp51djtz author: Arora, Alisha title: Understanding Coronaphobia date: 2020-09-06 words: 3266.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323690-dp51djtz.txt summary: review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. Based on a review of these studies, we define coronaphobia as an excessive triggered response of fear of contracting the virus causing COVID-19, leading to accompanied excessive concern over physiological symptoms, significant stress about personal and occupational loss, increased reassurance and safety seeking behaviors, and avoidance of public places and situations, causing marked impairment in daily life functioning. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to being a global health emergency, has multiple socioeconomic and psychological ramifications. COVID-19 research and media reports have revealed a rise in fears related to contracting the virus. Though fear is a common psychological outcome during pandemics, the COVID-19 pandemic is a continuously evolving disease outbreak and has unique risk factors. Therefore, fear related to COVID-19 might manifest in not only fear and anxiety related to disease contraction and dying but also associated socio-occupational stress. We attempt to understand the psychosocial process of the development of coronaphobia and postulate what constitutes coronaphobia, a new emerging phobia specific to COVID-19. We present a conceptual model delineating the risk factors causing coronaphobia and the underlying mechanisms, for a better understanding of its developmental process. From review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. These factors are assumed to cause interference with routine life, catastrophizing interpretation of benign symptoms, and social amplification of risk which lead to coronaphobia. The conceptualization of coronaphobia and the model will aid future research in developing psychometric measure of coronaphobia for use in clinical and research settings and design of policies and interventions for mitigating risk factors. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820304974 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384 id: cord-307610-tqvt5hzr author: Arora, Amarpreet Singh title: Current perspective of COVID-19 spread across South Korea: exploratory data analysis and containment of the pandemic date: 2020-08-08 words: 3768.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307610-tqvt5hzr.txt summary: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is regarded as a highly contagious disease that has challenged the healthcare systems worldwide with confirmed cases approaching 12 million and more than 50,000 deaths. Considering the worldwide cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it remains a pandemic and the vaccines and therapeutic agents have yet to be developed to stop the spread of this outbreak. Figure 1 shows the trend of confirmed, recovered, active and deceased cases of COVID-19 in South Korea till July 8, 2020 (GMT 05:00). South Korea''s success with widespread testing and its approach to slowing the spread of COVID-19 offers a way out for most countries that are stuck in lockdown and it also acts as a model response to faces the future outbreak of such diseases as well. abstract: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is regarded as a highly contagious disease that has challenged the healthcare systems worldwide with confirmed cases approaching 12 million and more than 50,000 deaths. Considering the worldwide cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it remains a pandemic and the vaccines and therapeutic agents have yet to be developed to stop the spread of this outbreak. Due to the unavailability of specific treatment for the COVID-19, it can be viewed that the risk of cluster infection will continue to be present within the intermittent and small-scale outbreaks. Though the COVID-19 has been identified as a communicable disease, the preventive measures and response policies in South Korea are effectively serving the purpose and gained the confidence to overcome the COVID-19 crisis. This paper includes the exploratory data analysis of COVID-19 cases in South Korea till July 8, 2020. South Korea has reported the lowest death rate with the majority of the deaths, associated with persons with underlying health conditions or elderly infected individuals. Currently the infected patients (total 989) remaining in South Korea are mild cases owing to its robust health care system and quarantine inspection procedures followed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea to flatten the COVID-19 curve. Although the COVID-19 countermeasures taken by the South Korean government may not be conclusive or universal for all, but its exemplary approach to tackle COVID-19 can aid countries across the globe to strengthen their response system for the future outbreak of such an infectious disease. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10668-020-00883-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837283/ doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00883-y id: cord-334933-br1cr8kj author: Arora, Gulhima title: Solidarity and transparency against the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-13 words: 409.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334933-br1cr8kj.txt summary: authors: Arora, Gulhima; Kroumpouzos, George; Kassir, Martin; Jafferany, Mohammad; Lotti, Torello; Sadoughifar, Roxanna; Sitkowska, Zuzanna; Grabbe, Stephan; Goldust, Mohamad 4 Amidst this somber situation, the blame of "politics of epidemics" in which politics mostly attributes to the broad effect of local, national, and international establishments, on the health consequences of communities in disease outbreaks, in Asian countries like India and Iran is challenging. It also works with member states to promote knowledge and empower communities. By working together, countries promote efficiency. Cooperation is a key weapon in the battle against COVID-19. World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) COVID-19: what is next for public health? Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32236998/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13359 id: cord-288371-uyj4iske author: Arrieta, Oscar title: Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The THOCOoP cooperative group date: 2020-06-20 words: 6664.0 sentences: 382.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288371-uyj4iske.txt summary: Long-term Follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Durvalumab plus platinum–etoposide versus platinum–etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Phase III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG 2597): induction chemotherapy followed by either standard thoracic radiotherapy or hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for patients with unresectable stage IIIA and B non-small-cell lung cancer Usefulness of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in evaluating response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced non small-cell lung cancer: a prospective cohort study Randomized phase III trial of single-agent pemetrexed versus carboplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 Carboplatin-or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data abstract: The world currently faces a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Relevant information has emerged regarding the higher risk of poor outcomes in lung cancer patients. As such, lung cancer patients must be prioritized in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. On May 7th, 45 experts in thoracic cancers from 11 different countries were invited to participate. A core panel of experts regarding thoracic oncology care amidst the pandemic gathered virtually, and a total of 60 initial recommendations were drafted based on available evidence. By May 16th, 44 experts had agreed to participate, and voted on each recommendation using a Delphi panel on a live voting event. Consensus was reached regarding the recommendations (>66% strongly agree/agree) for 57 questions. Strong consensus (>80% strongly agree/agree) was reached for 45 questions. Patients with lung cancer represent a particularly vulnerable population during this time. Special care must be taken to maintain treatment while avoiding exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1040842820301712 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103033 id: cord-331135-4u99yxw2 author: Arsandaux, J. title: Higher risk of mental health deterioration during the Covid-19 lockdown among students rather than non-students. The French Confins study date: 2020-11-05 words: 4654.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331135-4u99yxw2.txt summary: Methods: Using cross-sectional data of the Confins cohort, we estimated the effect of student status on depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and perceived stress using multivariate logistic regression analyses. A few studies have reported high prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress during the Covid-19 lockdown among college students (Cao et al., 2020; Husky et al., 2020; Odriozola-González et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2020) but it is unkown whether the impact was different in this population compared to non-students adults. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of lockdown on mental health conditions (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and perceived stress) in college students and to compare their frequency and associated factors to a sample of non-students recruited in the same study. abstract: Background: Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences have raised fears of its psychological impact. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of student status on mental health conditions during Covid-19 general lockdown among adults in France. Methods: Using cross-sectional data of the Confins cohort, we estimated the effect of student status on depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts and perceived stress using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Stratified models for college students and non-students were performed to identify associated population-specific factors. Results: Among the 2260 included participants, students represented 59% (n=1335 vs 925 non-students) and 78% of the total sample were female. Student status was more frequently associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted OR(aOR)=1.58; 95%CI 1.17;2.14), anxiety symptoms (aOR=1.51; 95%CI 1.10;2.07), perceived stress (n=1919, aOR=1.70, 95%CI 1.26;2.29) and frequent suicidal thoughts (n=1919, aOR=1.57, 95%CI 0.97;2.53). Lockdown conditions that could be potentially aggravating on mental health like isolation had a higher impact on students than non-students. Limitations: Participants were volunteers, which could limit generalisation of the findings. The cross-sectional design did not allow determining if lockdown impacted directly mental health or if there is another cause. However, we adjusted analyses with the history of psychiatric disorders, and factors related to lockdown conditions were associated with mental health disturbances. Conclusions: College student's mental health is of great importance in the context of the general lockdown set up during the pandemic. Follow-up and interventions should be implemented especially for those at high-risk (younger people and those with history of psychiatric disorders). url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.04.20225706v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225706 id: cord-346791-f2bjsopv author: Arslan, Gökmen title: Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure date: 2020-06-04 words: 5950.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346791-f2bjsopv.txt summary: In order to provide appropriate mental health services and develop prevention and intervention strategies for people in response to COVID-19, it is critical to understand the mitigating factors associated with coronavirus stress and psychological problems. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between coronavirus stress and psychological problems among Turkish adults. Given the theoretical and empirical evidence presented above, the purpose of the current study was to examine the mediating effects of the optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility on the association of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The results of the study generally support the mediating roles of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the association between coronavirus stress and psychological problems. abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is currently a global health threat attributed to negatively affecting the mental health and well-being of people globally. The purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the relationship of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The sample of the study included 451 adults (55% women). Participants mainly consisted of young adults with a mean age of 23.30 years, ranging from 18 to 65 years (SD = 6.97). A mediation model indicated that coronavirus stress had a significant predictive effect on optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological problems. Further, optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility mediated the effect of coronavirus stress on psychological problems in adults. Lastly, optimism-pessimism predicted the psychological problems of adults through psychological inflexibility. These results elucidate our understanding of the role of mediators in coronavirus stress and psychological health problems. The findings are useful in terms of providing evidence for tailoring interventions and implementing preventative approaches to mitigate the psychopathological consequences of COVID-19. Based on the present findings, the potential utility of acceptance and commitment therapy is discussed within the context of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6 id: cord-280133-c0k3uag9 author: Artese, Flavia title: Covid-19: The aftermath for orthodontics date: 2020 words: 1124.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280133-c0k3uag9.txt summary: Scientific journals are making a huge effort in publishing, as quickly as possible, the available current knowledge on this virus, which seems to grow faster than our capability of retrieving clinically applicable information. An excellent summary of information by the Director of the NIH 3 explains very clearly why social distancing may be the best immediate solution to slow the spread of COVID-19. He described how government priorities do change when facing fear and desperation, when the President of the USA asked the scientific community to do him a favor and speed things up in preparing a vaccine or a treatment for COVID-19. The Dental Press publishers also joined this movement, opening their complete digital data, called Dental GO, and offering dentists all over the world an access to a collection of over 6,000 publications in Dentistry, which include the Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32490919/ doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.2.007-008.edt id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 17509.0 sentences: 810.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt summary: In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. abstract: How might COVID-19 affect human capital and wellbeing in the long run? The COVID-19 pandemic has already imposed a heavy human cost—taken together, this public health crisis and its attendant economic downturn appear poised to dwarf the scope, scale, and disruptiveness of most modern pandemics. What evidence we do have about other modern pandemics is largely limited to short-run impacts. Consequently, recent experience can do little to help us anticipate and respond to COVID-19’s potential long-run impact on individuals over decades and even generations. History, however, offers a solution. Historical crises offer closer analogues to COVID-19 in each of its key dimensions—as a global pandemic, as a global recession—and offer the runway necessary to study the life-course and intergenerational outcomes. In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). We conclude by discussing how past crises can inform our approach to COVID-19—helping tell us what to look for, what to prepare for, and what data we ought to collect now. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014498320300838 doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381 id: cord-183600-wxfq90zq author: Arthur, Rudy title: Studying the UK Job Market During the COVID-19 Crisis with Online Job Ads date: 2020-10-07 words: 4378.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-183600-wxfq90zq.txt summary: Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. For example [17] show a 44% drop in vacancy postings between February and April in the US, observed across occupational categories (essential or non-essential work) as well as states which may have had different lockdown policies. Analysis of vacancy postings in Sweden, which has had probably the least restrictive lockdown in Europe, shows a drop in job adverts by around 40% [16] . In this section we will examine how the effect of the crisis on vacancies was distributed across the UK; we will compare regions which were affected to different degrees by COVID-19 and examine if local lockdowns have a compounding effect on depressing the job vacancy data. abstract: The COVID-19 global pandemic and the lockdown policies enacted to mitigate it have had profound effects on the labour market. Understanding these effects requires us to obtain and analyse data in as close to real time as possible, especially as rules change rapidly and local lockdowns are enacted. In this work we study the UK labour market by analysing data from the online job board Reed.co.uk. Using topic modelling and geo-inference methods we are able to break down the data by sector and geography. We also study how the salary, contract type and mode of work have changed since the COVID-19 crisis hit the UK in March. Overall, vacancies were down by 60 to 70% in the first weeks of lockdown. By mid September numbers had recovered slightly, though were still down by 40 to 50%. Broken down by sector, vacancies for hospitality and graduate jobs are greatly reduced, while there were more care work and nursing vacancies during lockdown. Differences by geography are less significant than between sectors, though there is some indication that local lockdowns stall recovery and less badly hit areas may have experienced a smaller reduction in vacancies. There are also small but significant changes in the median salary and number of full time and permanent jobs. In addition to these results, this work presents an open methodology that enables a rapid and detailed survey of the job market in these unsettled conditions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03629v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-276938-hv2ttwr8 author: Artru, Florent title: Acute immune thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19 and decompensated cirrhosis date: 2020-07-07 words: 1315.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276938-hv2ttwr8.txt summary: We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. Published data suggest that poor outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Laboratory tests performed over the next days showed a rapid decrease of platelet count from baseline values around 70 g/L (chronic moderate thrombocytopaenia due to liver disease and hypersplenism) to a nadir of 1 x10 9 /L (figure 1). ► Treatment of ITP in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with high-dose dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) appears to be effective. abstract: We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. The present case suggests that it is reasonable to evoke ITP in case of profound thrombocytopaenia in a patient with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32641442/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236815 id: cord-293787-kpn0hb8t author: Arulprakash, Enoch title: A Study on Fight Against COVID-19 from Latest Technological Intervention date: 2020-08-19 words: 1699.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293787-kpn0hb8t.txt summary: This paper analyses and studies those aspects, (I) Quarantine and statistical aspect: Quarantine potentially affected candidates (person who is in touch, travel history) through Data analytics/Machine learning. (III) Prevention aspect: Monitoring and enforce social distancing through visual social distancing using deep learning and Computer vision. This paper analyses and studies those aspects in detail like, (I) Quarantine and Statistical Aspect Quarantine potentially affected candidates (person who is in touch, travel history) through Data analytics/ Machine learning [2, 18] . (III) Prevention Aspect Machine learning and Computer vision as an aid for drug discovery and Monitoring and enforce social distancing through visual social distancing [4, 15] . There are several publically available deep learning models trained from various patients'' data, models like COVID-Net, CAD4COVID [11, 19] , etc., which can be utilised directly or retrained with the new patients for enhanced prediction. abstract: Uncontrolled spread of pandemic COVID-19 in India and across the globe over several months, created an impact as never before any pandemic would have created. This certainly demands a technological intervention from all possibility to overcome the situation and lead a normal life as early as possible. AI/Machine learning responds to the situation, through inspecting different aspects of the pandemic. This paper analyses and studies those aspects, (I) Quarantine and statistical aspect: Quarantine potentially affected candidates (person who is in touch, travel history) through Data analytics/Machine learning. (II) Diagnosis and Treatment aspect: Early detection and fast treatment will save lives. Diagnosis using deep learning assists radiologist from saving their effort and time to a greater extent and arrives faster conclusion. (III) Prevention aspect: Monitoring and enforce social distancing through visual social distancing using deep learning and Computer vision. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00301-0 doi: 10.1007/s42979-020-00301-0 id: cord-351038-k2m6woow author: Arun Krishnan, R. title: COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics date: 2020-06-27 words: 2895.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351038-k2m6woow.txt summary: Currently the nucleic acid based polymerase chain reaction is used as the reliable diagnostic platform and antigen/antibody detection immunoassays are playing the role of screening tests for early detection and prognosis in COVID-19 treatment. The limitation of rRT-PCR to detect COVID-19 past infection and the progress of the disease, increases the importance of serological assays. Currently COVID-19 antigen LFIA test is under development which will offer more sensitive and specific result for COVID-19 diagnosis and will detect the viral antigen in 3 days of infection [22] . have developed an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibody from serum sample. The complexity, cost effectiveness and limitations of nucleic acid based diagnostic tools, impetus the innovative development of well standardized, high sensitive, specific and low cost serological assays for COVID-19 diagnosis. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoassay and colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay kit for detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) causing an outbreak of pneumonia (COVID-19). abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known species of coronavirus, infectious to human beings. The pandemic COVID-19 spread all over the world with an unprecedented spreading rate after its first appearance in Wuhan, China. As a novel viral disease there in no antiviral treatment or vaccine for the COVID-19. At present, the early detection and the quarantine of infected patients are the ways to stop the spreading of the disease. This review will discuss about the current invitro diagnostic methods used worldwide for the early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. Currently the nucleic acid based polymerase chain reaction is used as the reliable diagnostic platform and antigen/antibody detection immunoassays are playing the role of screening tests for early detection and prognosis in COVID-19 treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-020-00906-5 doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00906-5 id: cord-031461-r9lv43us author: Asad, Ali title: Evolution of COVID-19 Pandemic in India date: 2020-09-05 words: 3970.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031461-r9lv43us.txt summary: Towards this objective, we study and analyze the temporal growth pattern of COVID-19 infection and death counts in various states of India. Our analysis up to August 4, 2020, shows that several states (namely Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal) have reached [Formula: see text] power-law growth, while Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh exhibit linear growth. In this paper, we analyze the COVID-19 infection and death counts in nineteen Indian states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Bihar, and Kerela. The infection curves of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal, as well as the combined NE-states, exhibit a t 3 regime followed by a t 2 phase. These states observed a gradual growth in daily cases as their I(t) curves pass through the power-law regime. In this paper, we analyzed the cumulative infection and death counts of the COVID-19 epidemic in the worstaffected states of India. abstract: A mathematical analysis of patterns for the evolution of COVID-19 cases is key to the development of reliable and robust predictive models potentially leading to efficient and effective governance against COVID-19. Towards this objective, we study and analyze the temporal growth pattern of COVID-19 infection and death counts in various states of India. Our analysis up to August 4, 2020, shows that several states (namely Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal) have reached [Formula: see text] power-law growth, while Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh exhibit linear growth. Delhi has reached [Formula: see text] phase and may flatten in the coming days. However, some states have deviated from the universal pattern of the epidemic curve. Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan show a gradual rise in the power-law regime, which is not the usual trend. Also, Bihar, Karnataka, and Kerala are exhibiting a second wave. In addition, we report that initially, the death counts show similar behavior as the infection counts. Later, however, the death growth rate declines as compared to the infection growth due to better handling of critical cases and increased immunity of the population. These observations indicate that except Delhi, most of the Indian states are far from flattening their epidemic curves. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474332/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00166-y id: cord-262653-v1to1mrp author: Asad, H. title: Health Care Workers and Patients as Trojan Horses: a COVID19 ward outbreak date: 2020-07-04 words: 3432.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262653-v1to1mrp.txt summary: Subsequent investigation over a 14 day period revealed symptoms in 23 staff members and five linked cases in patients on the same ward. Staff members and patients can act as Trojan horses carrying infection into and around the hospital, setting up unexpected transmission events. An in house real time PCR assay for COVID-19 was carried out on dry throat swabs taken from symptomatic patients and staff members working on the ward. HCW cases were defined as (A) a member of staff from the affected ward and (B) compatible symptoms for COVID-19 (C) onset of infection during the outbreak period. Four of the five staff members with very early onset of infection were working with the index case during the likely infectious period ( Figure 3 ). In this case infection was most likely introduced by an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic HCW and then transferred via a longstanding patient from ITU to a previously negative medical ward. abstract: Summary Background Transmission in healthcare settings can result in significant infections in healthcare workers and patients. Understanding infection dynamics has important implications for methods employed in hospitals to prevent nosocomial-transmission events. Methods In this case series report we describe a cluster of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) in a tertiary care university hospital, in the early phases of the epidemic, after hospital visiting had been stopped and when the UK lockdown was in place. Findings A 48 year old patient developed COVID-19 31 days post-admission and four days after admission to a medical ward from ITU. Infection was likely acquired from an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic healthcare worker (HCW). Subsequent investigation over a 14 day period revealed symptoms in 23 staff members and five linked cases in patients on the same ward. Nine of the 23 affected staff members provided care for and had direct exposure with the index case. Four staff reported caring for the index case without use of personal protective equipment. One was coughed on directly by the patient 24 hours prior to the onset of symptoms. Conclusion SARS CoV2 infection can be introduced to a ward area by asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic healthcare workers. Staff members and patients can act as Trojan horses carrying infection into and around the hospital, setting up unexpected transmission events. Transmission of infection from pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic individuals means that universal use of measures to prevent transmission is required for successful reduction of transmission events in the hospital setting. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088920300378 doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100073 id: cord-309200-t2xugb8l author: Asadi, Sima title: The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles? date: 2020-04-03 words: 2077.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309200-t2xugb8l.txt summary: (2005) established that hospitalized patients infected with SARS during the 2003 epidemic emitted viable aerosolized virus into the air. Recent work on influenza (another viral respiratory disease) has established that viable virus can indeed be emitted from an infected individual by breathing or speaking, without coughing or sneezing (Yan et al. In regard to virology, information is required about the average viral titer in the respiratory fluid and the emitted aerosol particles, as well as the minimum infectious dose for COVID-19 in susceptible individuals. But given the large numbers of expiratory particles known to be emitted during breathing and speech, and given the clearly high transmissibility of COVID-19, a plausible and important hypothesis is that a face-to-face conversation with an asymptomatic infected individual, even if both individuals take care not to touch, might be adequate to transmit Note that the key word in the last sentence was "might." Many urgent questions about aerosol transmission and COVID-19 must be answered. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32308568/ doi: 10.1080/02786826.2020.1749229 id: cord-293997-4wjf1znf author: Asai, Nobuhiro title: Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people date: 2020-08-20 words: 1670.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293997-4wjf1znf.txt summary: title: Clinical manifestations and radiological features by chest computed tomographic findings of a novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia among 92 Japanese people Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12-45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. COVID-19 pneumonia Patients and methods For the purpose of identifying clinical manifestations and radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, we reviewed all cases of COVID-19 pneumonia which were published by the homepage of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases from Feb 5 2020 until April 30 2020, including our cases. As for radiological findings by chest CT scan, ground-glass opacities (GGO)s, peripheral distribution, bilateral lung involvements were seen in 88 (96%), 76 (83%) and 78 (85%), respectively. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12-45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. abstract: Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could cause a severe acute respiratory infectious disease, showing a high mortality rate of 12-45% among cases who required intensive care unit admission. COVID-19 pneumonia Patients and methods For the purpose of identifying clinical manifestations and radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, we reviewed all cases of COVID-19 pneumonia which were published by the homepage of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases from Feb 5 2020 until April 30 2020, including our cases. All patients were diagnosed based on positive results of the novel coronavirus-real-time RT-PCR with chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 66 years (range 16-92 years). For all, 50 (54%) were males. The most common underlying disease was hypertension in 32 (36%). Any comorbidity was seen in 60 (67%). The mortality rate was 4 (6%). In terms of clinical symptoms on an initial visit, fever and cough were confirmed in 66 (72%) and 37 (40%). Forty-three (47%) had no respiratory symptoms. As for radiological findings by chest CT scan, ground-glass opacities (GGO)s, peripheral distribution, bilateral lung involvements were seen in 88 (96%), 76 (83%) and 78 (85%), respectively. Conclusion It is difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 pneumonia due to poor respiratory symptoms. Chest CT findings typically show GGO, peripheral and bilateral shadows. Patients should have chest CT performed if suspected for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, resulting in a favorable outcome and prevention of secondary nosocomial transmitted infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1684118220301687 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.011 id: cord-320262-9zxgaprl author: Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date: 2020-07-10 words: 3649.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt summary: title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana that other optimal control model on COVID-19 have been studied (see for example [27, 28, 29 , 30, 31, The model further assumes that, no exposed individual transmits the disease. It is further inferred from this 310 study that; applying optimal control strategy on the rate at which the virus is released into the system, m 1 311 and m 2 , and also on the relative transmission rate due to human behaviour will considerably strike down 312 COVID-19 pandemic. Early dynamics of transmission and control 376 of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of 435 novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study Modelling of rabies transmission dynamics 477 using optimal control analysis abstract: COVID-19 potentially threatens the lives and livelihood of people all over the world. The disease is presently a major health concern in Ghana and the rest of the world. Although, human to human transmission dynamics has been established, not much research is done on the dynamics of the virus in the environment and the role human play by releasing the virus into the environment. Therefore, investigating the human-environment-human by use of mathematical analysis and optimal control theory is relatively necessary. The dynamics of COVID-19 for this study is segregated into compartments as: Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Asymptomatic (A), symptomatic (I), Recovered (R) and the Virus in the environment/surfaces (V). The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] without controls is computed. The application of Lyapunov’s function is used to analyse the global stability of the proposed model. We fit the model to real data from Ghana in the time window 12th March 2020 to 7th May 2020, with the aid of python programming language using the least-squares method. The average basic reproduction number without controls, [Formula: see text] is approximately 2.68. An optimal control is formulated based on the sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulation of the model is also done to verify the analytic results. The admissible control set such as: effective testing and quarantine when boarders are opened, the usage of masks and face shields through media education, cleaning of surfaces with home-based detergents, practising proper cough etiquette and fumigating commercial areas; health centers is simulated in MATLAB. We used forward-backward sweep Runge-Kutta scheme which gave interesting results in the main text, for example, the cost-effectiveness analysis shows that, Strategy 4 (cleaning of surfaces with home-based detergents) is the most cost-effective strategy among all the six control intervention strategies under consideration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834629/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110103 id: cord-205189-4be24yda author: Asawa, Parth title: COVID-19 in Spain and India: Comparing Policy Implications by Analyzing Epidemiological and Social Media Data date: 2020-10-26 words: 4255.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-205189-4be24yda.txt summary: We see that the new case predictions reflects twitter sentiment, meaningfully tied to a trigger sub-event that enables policy-related findings for Spain and India to be effectively compared. To this end, we juxtapose Spain and India''s epidemiological data to identify a date when the curves show the number of new cases diverging from each other, and India started showing worsening conditions.Although it could be argued that the differences we see in cases were due to travel from hotspots, it''s important to note that India closed its borders by suspending all international flights starting March 22nd, in addition to taking steps to suspend inter-state travel by suspending domestic flights and domestic trains throughout the time frame of our analysis 3 . On the data from these states/regions, we did visualizations of counts of new cases during April and May. This period was essential to assess the effectiveness of government policies in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced public health experts to develop contingent policies to stem the spread of infection, including measures such as partial/complete lockdowns. The effectiveness of these policies has varied with geography, population distribution, and effectiveness in implementation. Consequently, some nations (e.g., Taiwan, Haiti) have been more successful than others (e.g., United States) in curbing the outbreak. A data-driven investigation into effective public health policies of a country would allow public health experts in other nations to decide future courses of action to control the outbreaks of disease and epidemics. We chose Spain and India to present our analysis on regions that were similar in terms of certain factors: (1) population density, (2) unemployment rate, (3) tourism, and (4) quality of living. We posit that citizen ideology obtainable from twitter conversations can provide insights into conformity to policy and suitably reflect on future case predictions. A milestone when the curves show the number of new cases diverging from each other is used to define a time period to extract policy-related tweets while the concepts from a causality network of policy-dependent sub-events are used to generate concept clouds. The number of new cases is predicted using sentiment scores in a regression model. We see that the new case predictions reflects twitter sentiment, meaningfully tied to a trigger sub-event that enables policy-related findings for Spain and India to be effectively compared. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.14628v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-034942-ezwt39rq author: Asayama, Shinichiro title: Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date: 2020-11-07 words: 4536.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt summary: Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. While climate change and global pandemic can be equally understood as great challenges in the Anthropocene, their manifestation has been pronounced differently due to a difference in disciplinary concerns between environmental sustainability research and public health research. Both climate change and the coronavirus pandemic attest to the fact that we are now living in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has caused a significant change in the global environment. abstract: Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. The two crises have also exposed a chronic social illness of our time—a deep, widespread inequality in society. Whilst the circumstances are unfortunate, the pandemic can provide an opportunity for sustainability scientists to focus more on human society and its inequalities, rather than a sole focus on the natural environment. It opens the way for a new normative commitment of science in a time of crises. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648241/ doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00879-7 id: cord-306819-otabtxin author: Asensio-Samper, JM title: Recomendaciones Prácticas Para El Manejo Del Paciente Con Dolor Crónico Durante La Pandemia De COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 words: 5168.0 sentences: 491.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306819-otabtxin.txt summary: Dentro de estas recomendaciones que incluyen las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los pacientes con sospecha o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 pueden encontrase en situación de espera para consulta medica o técnicas invasivas para manejo de dolor crónico refractario a otras terapias. Dentro de estas recomendaciones que incluyen las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los pacientes con sospecha o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 pueden encontrase en situación de espera para consulta medica o técnicas invasivas para manejo de dolor crónico refractario a otras terapias. En las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los casos en los que se establece la necesidad de manejo preferente de pacientes en situación de crisis sanitaria, incluyendo pandemia COVID-19, son aquellos casos no subsidiarios de atención mediante telemedicina, es decir, aquellos casos refractarios a tratamiento médico convencional que requieran evaluación clínica especializada y alta probabilidad de realización de procedimiento invasivo para control del dolor, el cual podrá ser realizado en formato de "acto único". abstract: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 ha evolucionado hasta convertirse progresivamente en una pandemia y en una Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional que ha obligado a las organizaciones de salud a nivel mundial, regional y local a adoptar una serie de medidas para hacer frente al COVID-19 e intentar disminuir su impacto, no sólo en el ámbito social sino también en el ámbito sanitario, modificándose las pautas de actuación en los servicios de salud. Dentro de estas recomendaciones que incluyen las Unidades de Tratamiento del Dolor, los pacientes con sospecha o infección confirmada por SARS-CoV-2 pueden encontrase en situación de espera para consulta medica o técnicas invasivas para manejo de dolor crónico refractario a otras terapias. Se recogen en este manuscrito una serie de pautas encaminadas a disminuir el riesgo de infección del personal de salud, otros pacientes y la comunidad. SARS-CoV-2 infection has evolved into a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Importance that has forced health organizations at the global, regional and local levels to adopt a series of measures to address to COVID-19 and try to reduce its impact, not only in the social sphere but also in the health sphere, modifying the guidelines for action in the health services. Within these recommendations that include the Pain Treatment Units, patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection may be waiting for medical consult or interventional procedures for the management of chronic pain refractory to other therapies. A series of guidelines aimed at reducing the risk of infection of health personnel, other patients and the community are included in this manuscript. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S003493562030205X doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.005 id: cord-324565-p3jl1vie author: Asghar, Muhammad Sohaib title: Poor Prognostic Biochemical Markers Predicting Fatalities Caused by COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-05 words: 3277.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324565-p3jl1vie.txt summary: This study aims to identify the most effective predictive biomarker such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer, among others, in predicting the clinical outcome of the disease. Conclusion Inflammatory markers are a useful guide for predicting mortality, and the study results concluded that LDH, PCT, D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin were effective biomarkers. This study aims to identify the roles of these biomarkers (CRP, ferritin, LDH, PCT, and Ddimer), among others, in predicting the severity and clinical outcome during the disease. A study undertaken in Wuhan, China, that evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients also found an important association of CRP with severe disease prognosis. Our study showed that LDH is also significantly increased in patients experiencing a severe course of the disease compared to those with mild infections, thereby demonstrating its role as the most potential biomarker in predicting COVID-19 severity. abstract: Background and objectives Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are rapidly spreading, posing a serious threat to the health of people worldwide, resulting in the World Health Organization officially declaring it a pandemic. There are several biochemical markers linked with predicting the severity of coronavirus disease. This study aims to identify the most effective predictive biomarker such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer, among others, in predicting the clinical outcome of the disease. Materials and methods This study was conducted as a retrospective, observational, multi-centric study, including all admitted COVID-19 positive patients only. The disease outcome was followed along with the hospital course of every patient at the time of analysis. Baseline laboratory investigations of all patients were monitored both at admission and discharge. A comparative analysis was done between the survivors (n=263) and non-survivors (n=101). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results Of 364 patients, 65.7% were in the isolation ward, and 34.3% were in the intensive care unit; 72.3% of patients survived, while 27.7% of patients died. The mean age of the study population was 52.6 ± 15.8 years with female patients significantly younger than male patients (p=0.001) and 50 to 75 years being the most common age group (p=0.121). Among the survivors versus non-survivors of COVID-19, there were significant differences in total leukocyte count (p<0.001), neutrophil count, (p<0.001), lymphocyte count (p<0.001), urea (p<0.001), serum bicarbonate (p=0.001), CRP levels (p<0.001), LDH (p=0.013), and D-dimer (p<0.001) at admission. At discharge, the laboratory values of non-surviving patients showed significant leukocytosis (p<0.001), neutrophilia (p<0.001), lymphocytopenia (p<0.001), decreased monocytes (p<0.001), elevated urea and creatinine (p<0.001), hypernatremia (p<0.001), decreased serum bicarbonate levels (p<0.001), elevated CRP level (p=0.040), LDH (p<0.001), ferritin (p=0.001), and D-dimer (p<0.001). Among the recovered patients, the laboratory investigations at admission were significantly different from those at discharge like increased platelets (p=0.007), lower neutrophil count (p=0.001), higher lymphocyte count (p=0.005), an improved creatinine (p=0.020), higher sodium (p=0.008), increased bicarbonate levels (p<0.001), decreased CRP levels (p<0.001), and a lower LDH (p=0.039). However, the laboratory values of non-surviving patients had shown a lower hemoglobin (p=0.016), increased mean cell volume (p<0.001), significantly increased total leukocyte count (p<0.001), increased urea and creatinine (p<0.001), hypernatremia (p<0.001), increased bicarbonate (p=0.025), elevated D-dimer levels (p=0.043), and elevated PCT (p=0.021) on discharge. Receiver operating characteristic analysis concluded LDH (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.875), D-dimer (AUC: 0.803), and PCT (AUC: 0.769) were superior biomarkers to ferritin (AUC: 0.714) and CRP (AUC: 0.711) in predicting the fatality of COVID-19. Conclusion Inflammatory markers are a useful guide for predicting mortality, and the study results concluded that LDH, PCT, D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin were effective biomarkers. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9575 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9575 id: cord-319742-ypkt01rn author: Asgharpour, Masoumeh title: Effectiveness of extracorporeal blood purification (hemoadsorption) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-20 words: 3500.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319742-ypkt01rn.txt summary: METHODS: This controlled trial has been conducted on critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in the state hospital affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran who received different antiviral and antibacterial drugs, and different modalities of respiratory treatments and did not have positive clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal hemoadsorption could improve the general condition in most of recruited patients with severe coronavirus disease; however, large prospective multicenter trials in carefully selected patients are needed to definitely evaluate the efficacy of hemoperfusion in COVID-19 patients. Our results showed that three sessions of extracorporeal hemoadsorption could improve the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation in six of the ten critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease. Three sessions of extracorporeal resin-directed hemoadsorption could improve the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation in six of the ten patients with severe COVID-19 disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal blood purification has been proposed as one of the therapeutic approaches in patients with coronavirus infection, because of its beneficial impact on elimination of inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: This controlled trial has been conducted on critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in the state hospital affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran who received different antiviral and antibacterial drugs, and different modalities of respiratory treatments and did not have positive clinical improvement. No randomization and blindness was considered. All of the participants underwent three sessions of resin-directed hemoperfusion using continuous renal replacement therapy with a mode of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). RESULTS: Five men and five women with a mean age of 57.30 ± 18.07 years have been enrolled in the study; and six of them have improved after the intervention. Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) changed after each session. Mean SpO2 before the three sessions of hemoperfusion was 89.60% ± 3.94% and increased to 92.13% ± 3.28% after them (p < 0.001). Serum IL-6 showed a reduction from 139.70 ± 105.62 to 72.06 ± 65.87 pg/mL (p = 0.073); and c-reactive protein decreased from 136.25 ± 84.39 to 78.25 ± 38.67 mg/L (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Extracorporeal hemoadsorption could improve the general condition in most of recruited patients with severe coronavirus disease; however, large prospective multicenter trials in carefully selected patients are needed to definitely evaluate the efficacy of hemoperfusion in COVID-19 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The research protocol has been registered in the website of Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the reference number IRCT20150704023055N2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32819292/ doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-02020-3 id: cord-286142-mx7u635d author: Ashby, Michael A. title: Life Goes On date: 2020-07-13 words: 2055.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286142-mx7u635d.txt summary: Due to this, the articles included range a gamut of issues including those of resource allocation, the implications of isolation, the development and use of technologies, changes in social and healthcare supports, examinations of community and political responses. For now, we already have a planned issue, and some time is needed to produce the Covid-19 issue(s), so in these pages, life goes on and we consider our usual range of bioethical topics, with a symposium theme of conflict of interest (COI). A good example of this broader view comes in the paper by Giubilini and Savulsecu (2020) , who point out that COI is mainly considered in financial terms but should also be understood to encompass moral and religious values, that, presented as conscientious objection (CO), can also generate interests for practitioners and may therefore influence advice and treatment decisions. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-09986-7 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-09986-7 id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 words: 4936.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt summary: It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. abstract: Since the detection of COVID-19 in December 2019, the rapid spread of the disease worldwide has led to a new pandemic, with the number of infected individuals and deaths rising daily. Early experience shows that it predominantly affects older age groups with children and young adults being generally more resilient to more severe disease (1–3). From a health standpoint, children and young people are less directly affected than adults and presentation of the disease has shown different characteristics. Nonetheless, COVID-19 has had severe repercussions on children and young people. These indirect, downstream implications should not be ignored. An understanding of the issues is essential for those who hope to advocate effectively for children to prevent irreversible damage to the adults of the future. This article reviews some of the evidence of harm to children that may accrue indirectly as a result of pandemics. It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959000/ doi: 10.1016/j.paed.2020.09.004 id: cord-303791-yw80ndg6 author: Ashique, Karalikkattil T. title: Teledermatology in the Wake of COVID -19 Scenario: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-05-10 words: 3659.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303791-yw80ndg6.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant healthcare delivery issues could be a good time to plan and implement an effective and enduring teledermatology system for India. World Health Organisation (WHO) has clearly defined telemedicine, [5] whereas in India, we never had a standard guideline for teleconsultation till the Medical Council of India (MCI) brought the directive to provide healthcare using telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic period. With broadband services being available throughout the country, telemedicine can be easily practiced even using a patient-initiated model (through mobile applications like WhatsApp, Zoom , Google Duo. etc.) These media have the obvious advantage of the patient being familiar in using them. 1. Patient operated system connecting to the healthcare provider in real time using available modes of texting, imaging, audio, and video facility on smartphone, personal computer, and such devices [Figures 1a, b, 2a, b, 3a , b] 2. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695684/ doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_260_20 id: cord-322672-gjph61cq author: Ashok, Vishnu title: Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis date: 2020-08-25 words: 1816.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322672-gjph61cq.txt summary: title: Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis A few cases of concurrent myocarditis have been reported, but the extent of cardiac complications with the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is still largely unknown. Myocarditis and non-specific cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in a few cases of COVID-19, but this is the first reported case of a high-grade atrioventricular conduction block with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 7 In the European Study of the Epidemiology and Treatment of Inflammatory Heart Disease, 18% of the 3055 patients in the study had high-grade arrhythmias including complete heart block. Since the onset of the current pandemic, cases of myocarditis in patients with COVID-19 have been reported. In a case series of 150 patients with COVID-19 conducted in Wuhan City, China, 7% of the reported 68 deaths (5 deaths) were attributed to myocarditis with circulatory failure; however, their pre-morbid cardiac status was unclear. abstract: BACKGROUND: In the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, respiratory failure has been reported as the main cause of death in those who develop critical illness. A few cases of concurrent myocarditis have been reported, but the extent of cardiac complications with the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is still largely unknown. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old man, suspected to have COVID-19 due to a new-onset cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, was referred to Cardiology with sudden symptomatic bradycardia. Initial rhythm analysis revealed Type 2 atrioventricular block (Mobitz II). On arrival at the coronary care unit, he was found to be in complete heart block (Type 3). Routine blood tests showed normal electrolytes and renal function, and no elevation in troponin-I levels. Echocardiography showed mild impairment in left ventricular systolic function, with no regional wall motion abnormalities or valvular lesions. He then developed high-degree AV block lasting 6.2 s, prompting the need for an urgent permanent pacemaker implantation. DISCUSSION: Just over a third of patients with myocarditis reportedly develop a rise in cardiac troponin. Clinically suspected myocarditis can occur in the absence of a troponin rise and rarely can cause high-grade bradyarrhythmias. Myocarditis and non-specific cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in a few cases of COVID-19, but this is the first reported case of a high-grade atrioventricular conduction block with SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089060/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa248 id: cord-314404-tkhupnko author: Ashokka, Balakrishnan title: Care of the Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency cesarean delivery, Differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, Care of the newborn, and Protection of the healthcare personnel date: 2020-04-10 words: 2124.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314404-tkhupnko.txt summary: title: Care of the Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 in Labor and Delivery: Anesthesia, Emergency cesarean delivery, Differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, Care of the newborn, and Protection of the healthcare personnel When a COVID-19 parturient with desaturation (oxygen saturation decreases to ≤93%) presents 256 for emergency cesarean delivery, general anesthesia needs to be administered. This is done with When the parturient''s oxygen saturation is adequate (94% and above), 6, 10 regional anesthesia If there is absence of maternal and / or fetal compromise, and emergency cesarean delivery is not 295 indicated, further plans for management of the patient are then made ( Figure 3 ). We present here the best evidence available to 422 address many of these challenges, from making the diagnosis in symptomatic cases, to the debate 423 between nucleic acid testing and chest imaging, to the management of the unwell patient in 424 labor. abstract: COVID-19 in pregnancy can cause severe maternal morbidity in up to 9% of affected gravidae. Chest imaging is helpful in pregnant women who have a high pretest probability of COVID-19, but are RT-PCR negative. Vertical transmission is unlikely, but active measures are needed to prevent neonatal infection. We present an algorithm of care for the acutely ill parturient. We present a protocol for intrapartum care of the pregnant woman in labor. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937820304300?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.005 id: cord-288067-36amafub author: Ashraf, Mohammad Ali title: COVID-19 in Iran, a comprehensive investigation from exposure to treatment outcomes date: 2020-04-24 words: 4374.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288067-36amafub.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288067-36amafub.txt summary: Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and post-discharge follow-up were analyzed. The most common presenting symptoms are non-specific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. We reported detailed information about the potential source of exposure, household contact information, outcomes of potential therapies, and post-discharge follow-up, as well as demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics. Patients who came to the hospital were examined by an infectious-disease specialist, and classified into three groups according to disease severity based on Iran''s national guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in outpatients and inpatients (Figure1). We compared demographic characteristics, hospitalization data, and potential treatment outcomes in critically ill and non-critically ill patients. 12 Recent potential exposures, household contact information, demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory, and radiologic findings, and patients'' outcomes were extracted as shown in table1. abstract: Purpose There is a growing need for information regarding the recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19). We present a comprehensive report of Covid-19 patients in Iran. Methods One hundred hospitalized patients with Covid-19 were studied. Data on potential source of exposure, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical features, therapy outcome, and post-discharge follow-up were analyzed. Results The median age of the patients was 58 years, and the majority of the patients (72.7%) were above 50 years of age. Fever was present in 45.2% of the patients on admission. The most common clinical symptoms were shortness of breath (74%) and cough (68%). Most patients had elevated C-reactive protein (92.3%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (82.9%), lymphocytopenia (74.2 %) on admission. Lower lobes of the lung were most commonly involved, and ground-glass opacity (81.8%) was the most frequent finding in CT scans. The administration of hydroxychloroquine improved the clinical outcome of the patients. Lopinavir/ritonavir was efficacious at younger ages. Of the 70 discharged patients, 40% had symptom relapse, (8.6%) were readmitted to the hospital, and 3 patients (4.3%) died. Conclusion This report demonstrates a heterogeneous nature of clinical manifestations in patients affected with Covid-19. The most common presenting symptoms are non-specific, so attention should be made on broader testing, especially in age groups with the greatest risk and younger individuals who can serve as carriers of the disease. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (in younger age group) can be potential treatment options. Finally, patients discharged from the hospital should be followed up because of potential symptom relapse. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20072421 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20072421 id: cord-305397-4dx3q6o6 author: Ashraf, Muddasir title: Seizures Related to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Case Series and Literature Review date: 2020-07-24 words: 1869.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305397-4dx3q6o6.txt summary: Neurological manifestations are common in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We present three cases of COVID-19 patients with seizures. COVID-19 causes many neurological manifestations, including stroke, headache, altered consciousness, encephalitis, anosmia, hypogeusia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and seizures [1] [2] [3] . A 70-year-old male resident of the nursing home with a past medical history of ischemic stroke with residual left-sided hemiparesis, seizure disorder, Crohn''s disease, hyperlipidemia, and dementia on Aricept presented to the emergency room with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The development of headaches, encephalitis, strokes, and epileptic seizures are among the many neurological symptoms that are manifesting within COVID-19 patients [1] . While subsequent studies need to be conducted to gain evidence of COVID-19 spreading into the CNS, mechanisms have been proposed as to how the virus spreads. COVID-19 can cause many neurological complications including seizures. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease abstract: Neurological manifestations are common in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We present three cases of COVID-19 patients with seizures. Two patients had a history of seizures but very well controlled. They presented with seizure activity likely triggered by COVID-19. The third patient had no history of seizures and presented with new onset of seizure activity. All these patients were routinely screened for COVID-19 on admission and tested positive on nasopharyngeal real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). None of these patients had respiratory symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG) was abnormal in all three patients. All these patients recovered and were discharged in a stable condition. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850246/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9378 id: cord-324159-jv3lknl8 author: Ashraf, Muddasir title: Acute Stroke in a Young Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale date: 2020-09-03 words: 1733.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324159-jv3lknl8.txt summary: We present an interesting case of acute ischemic stroke in a 26-year-old patient with coronavirus disease 2019, who presented to the hospital initially with headache, vomiting, and right-sided numbness and tingling. Unusually large numbers of stroke cases have been reported worldwide in young patients [1, 2] , reinforcing our belief that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that affects not only the lungs but also other vital organs. COVID-19 has been linked to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis, including stroke in case series from different health centers and anecdotal reports. A single health system identified five cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19 over two weeks, with symptoms suggesting large-vessel occlusion; all patients were under 50 years of age [1] . The interesting question that arises from this case is whether young patients with COVID-19 have an increased risk of stroke in the presence of PFO, and should prophylactic anticoagulation be initiated to prevent stroke until these patients recover from their illness? abstract: We present an interesting case of acute ischemic stroke in a 26-year-old patient with coronavirus disease 2019, who presented to the hospital initially with headache, vomiting, and right-sided numbness and tingling. The initial workup was negative, including computed tomography (CT) of the head without contrast and CT angiography of the head and neck with no acute abnormalities. The patient was diagnosed with migraine and discharged from the emergency department. The patient developed worsening symptoms at home in the form of increasing right-sided dysmetria and weakness, gait ataxia, and dysarthria, prompting her to return to the emergency room. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed and was significant for right-sided acute ischemic cerebellar stroke, with also the involvement of the right cerebellar peduncle. Echocardiogram with a bubble study demonstrated patent foramen ovale. The patient was treated with standard guidelines for stroke. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10233 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10233 id: cord-347835-6zx9g2io author: Ashraf, Said title: Acute coronary syndrome in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-07 words: 1816.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347835-6zx9g2io.txt summary: Even as supportive data lags, a noticeable trend has emerged with a sudden decrease in ACS (particularly STEMI) presentations to hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. published a multicentre observational survey from Italy examining consecutive patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the week of 12-19 March 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, compared with the same time period in 2019. There was a significant difference in the time from symptom onset to first medical contact; 318 min during the pandemic period compared with 82.5 and 91.5 min in the previous year''s cohorts. In another study from Spain, a telematic survey of 81 centres involved within a STEMI network equipped with cardiac catheterization labs showed a dramatic decline in procedural volumes during a 10-day period during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498087/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa454 id: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa author: Asiamah, Nestor title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana date: 2020-10-08 words: 6014.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343559-kjuc3nqa.txt summary: title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. We are, therefore, of the view that social isolation necessitated by a COVID-19-related lockdown would not only cause fear and panic in the short-term but could also lead to anxiety and consequently a decline in mental health in the general population. Our investigation was based on this primary research question: Do changes in behaviors due to COVID-19 social distancing measures have a significant influence on mental health? This study focused on possible short-term changes in behaviors resulting from COVID-19-related social isolation or fears. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term attributable to COVID-19 social isolation were associated with lower mental health scores. abstract: This study assessed the behavioral outcomes of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing protocols and their influences on mental health. An online survey hosted by Survey Monkey was utilized to collect data from residents of three Ghanaian cities of Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. A total of 621 surveys were analyzed, with a sensitivity analysis utilized to select covariates for the regression model. The average age of participants was about 36 years. Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. An increase in sedentary behavior had a negative influence on mental health. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term were associated with lower mental health scores. The study implied that COVID-19 social distancing measures should be implemented alongside public education for discouraging unhealthy changes in behaviors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033971/ doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4 id: cord-255883-mz6nyisw author: Asif, Muhammad title: COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties date: 2020-08-14 words: 5273.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255883-mz6nyisw.txt summary: Essential oils (EOs) have long been known to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and antiviral properties and are being proposed to have activity against SARC-CoV-2 virus. An in vitro study conducted by Hoffmann and colleagues revealed that SARC-CoV-2 depends on cellular serine protease (TMPRSS2) for S proteins priming which are known to interact with human ACE2 receptors in the lungs and facilitate entry into the cells. The authors opted the following keywords to find relevant studies: "essential oils", "antiviral", "COVID-19", "SARC-CoV-2", "bronchodilation", "immunomodulatory'''', "anti-inflammatory'''', "corona virus''''. Thus, on the basis of these docking and in vitro studies, it is proposed that garlic essential oils and their isolated constituents, especially DAS, have potential to prevent the entry of virus into host cells as well as to activate molecular antioxidant pathways that decrease the secretions of culprit pro-inflammatory cytokines. Essential oils have long been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties and are being proposed to have activity against SARC-CoV-2. abstract: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Unfortunately, there are very limited approved drugs available with established efficacy against the SARs-CoV-2 virus and its inflammatory complications. Vaccine development is actively being researched, but it may take over a year to become available to general public. Certain medications, for example, dexamethasone, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiviral (remdesivir), and IL-6 receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies (tocilizumab), are used in various combinations as off-label medications to treat COVID-19. Essential oils (EOs) have long been known to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, and antiviral properties and are being proposed to have activity against SARC-CoV-2 virus. Owing to their lipophilic nature, EOs are advocated to penetrate viral membranes easily leading to membrane disruption. Moreover, EOs contain multiple active phytochemicals that can act synergistically on multiple stages of viral replication and also induce positive effects on host respiratory system including bronchodilation and mucus lysis. At present, only computer-aided docking and few in vitro studies are available which show anti-SARC-CoV-2 activities of EOs. In this review, role of EOs in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is discussed. A discussion on possible side effects associated with EOs as well as anti-corona virus claims made by EOs manufacturers are also highlighted. Based on the current knowledge a chemo-herbal (EOs) combination of the drugs could be a more feasible and effective approach to combat this viral pandemic. [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803479/ doi: 10.1007/s10787-020-00744-0 id: cord-268468-036i1082 author: Asif, Muhammad title: The role of biosensors in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-18 words: 3204.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268468-036i1082.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268468-036i1082.txt summary: In this review, the importance of biosensors including electrochemical, surface enhanced Raman scattering, field-effect transistor and surface plasmon resonance biosensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been underscored. In this outbreak, three different types of diagnosis tests are being used including (i) chest CT scan along with clinical indications, (ii) RNA detection using RT-PCR assay and (iii) lateral flow assays, full automatic chemiluminescence method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies [5] . In this review, we have summarized the biosensor based technologies which are able to detect SARS-CoV-2 effectively. The peptide monolayer was successfully coated on SPR biosensor and further functionalized with virus nucleocapsid protein which was finally able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at nanomolar level. The sensing aptitude of the biosensor was evaluated employing antigen protein, self-cultured virus, and nasopharyngeal swab samples taken from people infected with COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Herein, we have summarized and argued about biomarkers and indicators used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Antibody detection methods are not considered suitable to screen individuals at early stages and asymptomatic cases. The diagnosis of COVID-19 using biomarkers and indicators at point of care level is much crucial. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop rapid and sensitive detection methods which can target antigens. We have critically elaborated key role of biosensors to cope the outbreak situation. In this review, the importance of biosensors including electrochemical, surface enhanced Raman scattering, field-effect transistor and surface plasmon resonance biosensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been underscored. Finally, we have outlined pros and cons of diagnostic approaches as-well-as future directions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984642/ doi: 10.1016/j.coelec.2020.08.011 id: cord-285579-gvgt55o4 author: Asif, Rehan title: Rare complication of COVID-19 presenting as isolated headache date: 2020-10-29 words: 1412.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285579-gvgt55o4.txt summary: An 18-year-old man presented with persistent isolated headache 2 weeks after recovering from acute COVID-19 illness. Extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) was detected on CT venogram despite him having no other thrombotic risk factors. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) accounts for 0.5% of strokes and has a wide spectrum of clinical presentation 1 ; however, headache is the most common manifestation occurring up to 90%, and sometimes it can be the only symptom. 8 Our reported case is unique as he recovered from the initial COVID-19 illness which was mild and did not even require hospital admission. We suggest that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with worsening headache after acute or recent COVID-19 infection. ► Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations; however, headache can be the only presenting symptom. abstract: An 18-year-old man presented with persistent isolated headache 2 weeks after recovering from acute COVID-19 illness. Extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) was detected on CT venogram despite him having no other thrombotic risk factors. CVST can complicate COVID-19. A high index of clinical suspicion is warranted as it can often have a subtle presentation with paucity of neurological symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33122242/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239275 id: cord-342206-mitfgsdo author: Asif, Talal title: Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram date: 2020-04-23 words: 944.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342206-mitfgsdo.txt summary: We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. While patients with COVID-19 can develop acute coronary syndrome, ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram (ECG) has been mainly described in patients with COVID-19-related acute myocarditis and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [2] [3] [4] [5] . A repeat ECG after 12 hours showed resolution of the ST elevation (Fig. 5) . A repeat ECG showed new 1 mm ST elevation in leads V2-V6 with associated Q waves in leads V4-V6 (Fig. 8) . A repeat ECG after 12 hours showed complete resolution of the ischaemic changes (Fig. 10) . DISCUSSION We describe two cases of transient ST elevation on ECG in patients with normal left ventricular (LV) function and COVID-19. All previously described cases of COVID-19-related ST elevation involved patients with fulminant myocarditis and a severely reduced LV ejection fraction [2-5] . abstract: We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. LEARNING POINT: ST elevation may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001672 doi: 10.12890/2020_001672 id: cord-350261-7lkcdisr author: Asirvatham, Edwin Sam title: Who is dying from COVID-19 and when? An Analysis of fatalities in Tamil Nadu, India date: 2020-10-03 words: 3429.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350261-7lkcdisr.txt summary: Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimation of time-interval between symptom onset, hospital admission and death could inform public health interventions focusing on preventing mortality due to COVID-19. This study aims to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimate the time-interval between symptom onset, hospital admission and death, which could inform public health interventions focusing on preventing mortality due to COVID-19. Our study analysed the individual death summaries, and described the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimated the time intervals between symptoms onset to hospital admission and death, which are critical for developing context and geographicspecific public health interventions focusing on reducing the mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to rise, public health efforts must focus on preventing avoidable fatalities. Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of deceased COVID-19 patients; and estimation of time-interval between symptom onset, hospital admission and death could inform public health interventions focusing on preventing mortality due to COVID-19. METHODS: We obtained COVID-19 death summaries from the official dashboard of the Government of Tamil Nadu, between 10th May and July 10, 2020. Of the 1783 deaths, we included 1761 cases for analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the deceased was 62.5 years (SD: 13.7). The crude death rate was 2.44 per 100,000 population; the age-specific death rate was 22.72 among above 75 years and 0.02 among less than 14 years, and it was higher among men (3.5 vs 1.4 per 100,000 population). Around 85% reported having any one or more comorbidities; Diabetes (62%), hypertension (49.2%) and CAD (17.5%) were the commonly reported comorbidities. The median time interval between symptom onset and hospital admission was 4 days (IQR: 2, 7); admission and death was 4 days (IQR: 2, 7) with a significant difference between the type of admitting hospital. One-fourth of (24.2%) deaths occurred within a day of hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Elderly, male, people living in densely populated areas and people with underlying comorbidities die disproportionately due to COVID-19. While shorter time-interval between symptom onset and admission is essential, the relatively short time interval between admission and death is a concern and the possible reasons must be evaluated and addressed to reduce avoidable mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398420302189?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.09.010 id: cord-306070-2dgs5oih author: Askin, Ozge title: Cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized patients diagnosed as COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 2115.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306070-2dgs5oih.txt summary: According the statistical results the patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit had a higher risk of having cutaneous findings due to COVID‐19 infection. During this pandemic, several case reports, and some articles were published about cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Comparison of cutaneus manifestations according to variables of hospitalization (ward vs intensive care unit), age, gender, RT-PCR result was performed using chi-square independence test. The relationship between PCR positivity and cutaneous findings was examined by chi-square independence test and no statistical relationship was obtained between them ( χ 2 =1.990; sd=1; p>0.05) ( Table 3) . It was determined that the patients who were hospitalized in the ICU had a higher risk of having cutaneous findings due to COVID-19 infection (Table 5) . In our study 24% of the patients who were hospitalized showed cutaneous findings during COVID-19 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 disease have not yet been fully described. OBJECTIVES: To describe cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 disease in hospitalized patients. METHODS: We examined the cutaneous manifestations of 210 hospitalized patients. RESULTS: Cutaneous findings were observed during COVID‐19 infection in 52 of the patients. Lesions may be classified as erythematous scaly rash (32.7%), maculopapular rash (23%), urticarial lesions (13.5%), petechial purpuric rash (7.7%), necrosis (7.7%), enanthema and apthous stomatitis (5.8%), vesicular rash (5.8%), pernio (1.9%) and pruritus (1.9%). Cutaneous manifestations were observed statistically significantly more in certain age groups: patients of 55 to 64 and 65 to 74 years of age complained of more cutaneous manifestations than the other age groups. As for gender, there was no significant difference between male and female patients in terms of cutaneus findings. The relationship between comorbidity and dermatological finding status was statistically significant. The relationship increases linearly according to the comorbidities. According the statistical results the patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit had a higher risk of having cutaneous findings due to COVID‐19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: With this study we may highlight the importance of overlooked dermatological findings in patients that are hospitalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579756/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13896 id: cord-317429-pp6hb4q5 author: Aslam, Saima title: COVID-19: Yet another coronavirus challenge in transplantation date: 2020-03-14 words: 1405.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317429-pp6hb4q5.txt summary: A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome −coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome with its disease designated as COVID-19, emerged from its epicenter in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and is now a global pandemic. 7 report on the presentation and outcome of 2 microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 cases in heart transplantation detected in the Hubei Province in China. These 2 patients apparently were part of a community of at least 200 heart transplant survivors in that region and presented with variable severity of disease (one mild and another with more severe manifestations requiring a prolonged hospitalization); however, both survived the event. It is important to note that the clinical presentations were not distinct from those described in non-immunosuppressed individuals, and the patient with severe disease presented with a viral prodrome, displayed the typical findings on CT scan imaging, and progressed to clinical hypoxia. In summary, the novel coronavirus and its disease, COVID-19, require thoughtful approaches for the prevention, mitigation, timely detection, and appropriate therapeutic intervention for our vulnerable patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32253113/ doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.007 id: cord-281087-br4ssimq author: Aslan, Nagehan title: A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis date: 2020-10-22 words: 497.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281087-br4ssimq.txt summary: title: A Pediatric COVID19 Case with Suspected Acute Abdomen, Hyperferritinemic Sepsis and Developing MIS-C and Pancreatitis A healthy 12-y-old female patient had been admitted with abdominal pain, vomiting and fever and hospitalized with a prediagnosis of acute appendicitis. COVID-19associated MIS-C was considered in the patient. Because the patient''s fever was above 38°C and was resistant to antipyretics, there was no decrease in infectious parameters, his lymphopenia did not improve; albumin level did not increase despite albumin replacement, and respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms continued. Although it is not clear whether pancreatitis in our case was related to drugs or developed as a part of the gastrointestinal presentation of COVID-19. Our case is important in terms of drawing attention that COVID-19 may present with a picture that mimics acute appendicitis in children. COVID abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting as ''acute abdomen'' in a child abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090321/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03544-0 id: cord-290955-m2igkcxv author: Asli, Rosmonaliza title: Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-05-07 words: 1388.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt summary: title: Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine We report the case of a 60-year-old woman without any cardiac history who developed right bundle brunch block and critically prolonged corrected electrocardiographic QT interval (QTc 631 ms) after treatment for 3 days with HCQ, which resolved on discontinuation of the medication. 1 Currently, there is no proven effective treatment, and medications proposed to inhibit the virus life cycle such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and remdesivir are used off label. An electrocardiograph (ECG) on hospital day 4 (before initiation of HCQ) was normal, with a corrected QT interval (QTc) of 397 ms. On the seventh day of hospitalization, repeat ECG before the morning dose of HCQ showed a new right bundle branch block (RBBB) and critically prolonged QTc (631 ms) ( Figure 2 ). Lopinavir/ritonavir is also associated with the prolongation of QTc, but the ECG after starting this medication was normal. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe adult respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 that has resulted in the current global pandemic. Currently, there is no available treatment proven to be effective against COVID-19, but multiple medications, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are used off label. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman without any cardiac history who developed right bundle brunch block and critically prolonged corrected electrocardiographic QT interval (QTc 631 ms) after treatment for 3 days with HCQ, which resolved on discontinuation of the medication. This case highlights a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of HCQ use. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32383430/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0376 id: cord-274328-ea1ehsnq author: Assaker, Rita title: Presenting symptoms of COVID-19 in children: a meta-analysis of published studies date: 2020-05-31 words: 726.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274328-ea1ehsnq.txt summary: Articles with the following criteria were selected: studies describing paediatric patients suffering from COVID-19, confirmatory diagnosis using RT-qPCR, including a description of the country in which the study was performed, details about COVID-19 suspicion criteria (symptoms and/or contact with a sick person) and details of clinical signs and symptoms and CT scan results. Consequently, in the context of community SARS-CoV-2 spread, generalized population-based screening using RT-qPCR appears the most effective strategy for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infected paediatric patients with no clinical signs or known contacts. There is a good case to be made for screening all hospital inpatients, or at least considering a strategy relying on a careful screening of patients for clinical signs and/or a recent contact with an infected person followed by a RT-qPCR confirmation. Our results should be considered when policy is determined for detecting Sars-Cov-2 infection in children in the context of the medical and surgical management. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220304086 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.026 id: cord-318371-irqked5z author: Assandri, Roberto title: Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room date: 2020-05-21 words: 801.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318371-irqked5z.txt summary: title: Laboratory Biomarkers Predicting COVID-19 Severity in the Emergency Room Few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. We preliminarily observed that several laboratory tests have been shown as characteristically altered in COVID-19 and we have been proposed as rapid and sensitive alternatives in identifying likely Arch Med Res E20_698 3 COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 Pulmonary disease with inflammatory features usually raise serum CRP level in response to inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1 or TNF-α (6). In conclusion we propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 abstract: Infection of novel Coronavirus has been declared pandemic by the WHO and now is a world public health crisis. Laboratory activity becames essential for the timely diagnosis. Few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471703/ doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.011 id: cord-257158-obskf44d author: Assefa, K. T. title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date: 2020-09-23 words: 5123.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt summary: Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. All rights reserved. Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. All women who get maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town during the data collection period were taken as study population. abstract: Background: The COVID 19 pandemic is causing huge stress on the health care system of all countries in the world. The impact of the pandemic is both social and economic. Pregnancy is an exciting and sometimes stressful experience. Being pregnant during a disease outbreak may add extra anxiety and concern for pregnant women and for those who provide care for them [1, 2]. During the initial stages of the pandemic, it appeared Africa would be spared the burden of COVID-19. However, by April 7th, a total of 45 countries within the WHO African region had reported over 7000 cases (although some place it at over 10 000), with at least 292 deaths and 612 people recovered. Ethiopia, being one of the developing countries trying to address the diverse needs of its people, is currently at the verge of the epidemic [5, 7]. Objectives: The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. The study was conducted from July 1-15 / 2020. Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The study also showed that utilization of these services was decreased due to fear of clients to go to health institutions. Conclusion and recommendation: This study concluded that COVID-19 significantly affects the quality and utilization of maternal and reproductive health care services. The study also showed that utilization of these services was decreased due to fear of clients to go to health institutions. Ministry of health should continue maternity and reproductive health care services such as family planning to be prioritized as an essential core health service. Key words: COVID-19, impact, antenatal care, Dessie url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.20.20198259v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.20.20198259 id: cord-256508-ce59ovan author: Asselah, Tarik title: COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development date: 2020-10-08 words: 9214.0 sentences: 556.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256508-ce59ovan.txt summary: To date, with the exception of intravenous Remdesivir and dexamethasone, which have modest effects in moderate to severe COVID-19, no strong clinical evidence supports the efficacy and safety of any other drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The current diagnostic strategy to identify patients with COVID-19 is to test samples taken from the respiratory tract to assess for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acid targets [47] . The neutralization assay is a laboratory-based test that uses live virus and cell culture methods to determine if patient antibodies can prevent viral infection in vitro [72] . A randomized, controlled, openlabel trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory illness COVID-19 was performed [126] . Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals abstract: An epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome (Covid-19) started in humans in Wuhan in 2019, and became a pandemic. Groups from China Identified and sequenced the virus responsible for COVID-19, named SARS-CoV-2, and determined that it was a novel coronavirus (CoV) that shared high sequence identity with bat- and pangolin-derived SARS-like CoVs, suggesting a zoonotic origin. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of Coronaviridae, a family of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect a broad range of vertebrates. The rapid release of the sequence of the virus has allowed the development of diagnostic tools (e.g., RT-PCR). Additionally, serological tests can allow identification of persons who have been infected. In humans, CoVs tend to cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections. The fatality rate is around 1-3% for infected persons. An acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) likely due to an uncontrolled immune activation (“cytokine storm”) occurs in patients with severe disease and poor prognosis. Risk factors for mortality include: advanced age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other comorbidities. Drug repurposing has been used to rapidly identify potential treatment for COVID-19, which could move quickly to phase-3. Better knowledge of the virus, its enzymes, will be mandatory to develop more potent and specific direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). In the long term, a vaccine to prevent infection would be crucial; however even if successful it might not be available before 2021-22. To date, with the exception of intravenous Remdesivir and dexamethasone, which have modest effects in moderate to severe COVID-19, no strong clinical evidence supports the efficacy and safety of any other drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review is to provide insights on the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, its virology, the diagnostic tools, and the ongoing drug discovery effort. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827820336758?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 id: cord-338251-r31xh0fw author: Assi, Tarek title: The management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 4118.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338251-r31xh0fw.txt summary: The STAMPEDE trial also compared abiraterone acetate and docetaxel in patients with mHSPC and showed no evidence of a difference in overall or prostate cancer-specific survival, or other important outcomes such as symptomatic skeletal events. Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer â�¢ In the metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer setting, three antihormonal agents (apalutamide, enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate) and docetaxel were approved in addition to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). â�¢ Novel antihormonal therapy in combination with ADT seems a plausible option among patients with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and docetaxel can be safely postponed until later lines in a subset of patients with low tumor burden after the control of the pandemic. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (LATITUDE): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, Phase III trial Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III study abstract: During the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the benefit of treating patients with cancer must be weighed against the COVID-19 infection risks to patients, staff and society. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men and raises particular interest during the pandemic as recent reports show that the TMPRSS2 (and other serine proteases), which facilitate the entry, replication and budding of the virion from a cell, can be inhibited using androgen deprivation therapy. Nevertheless, patients with metastatic prostate cancer commonly receive chemotherapy which may compromise their immune system. This paper aims to address the current status of the COVID-19 in patients with cancer overall and suggests an optimal approach to patients with metastatic prostate cancer. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32412310/ doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-0361 id: cord-276392-m1bbt8bo author: Asyary, Al title: Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia date: 2020-04-27 words: 1835.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276392-m1bbt8bo.txt summary: title: Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia Abstract This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19 statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia has one of the highest proportions of death related to Covid-19 cases among countries in the world, with the epicenter of the disease being its capital, Jakarta (Organization, 2020a) . These variables were number of Covid-19 positive cases, deaths, and patients who recovered, and sunlight exposure. Figure 1(b) shows that the duration of sunlight exposure for Covid-19 patients in Jakarta fluctuated daily. In this study, we found that higher duration of sunlight exposure was related to more cases of recovery from Covid-19 among patients. In this case, Covid-19 patients who experienced sunlight exposure when they were receiving care either in hospitals or home settings were more likely to recover from the disease. abstract: Abstract This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19 statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health, the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, and the local government of Jakarta. Three statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence, death, and recovered. Meanwhile, sunlight exposure was presented as daily duration of it. Only the number of recovered patients correlated significantly with sunlight exposure (p-value = .025; r = 0.350). This study's findings showed that sunlight exposure was associated with recovery from Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32361458/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139016 id: cord-338689-4u1ezk64 author: Ata, Fateen title: COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia date: 2020-06-07 words: 1405.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338689-4u1ezk64.txt summary: We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ► We recommend studies to evaluate the effectiveness of stool PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 if initial nasopharyngeal PCR is negative and suspicion remains high. 4 Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain and vomiting have been previously seen with acute viral respiratory infections and reported recently as rare manifestations of COVID-19. 15 Our patient had acute hyponatraemia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea with minimal Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical and virological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with acute respiratory infection: a two-year prospective study in general practice medicine abstract: COVID-19 is a viral disease with a high infectivity rate. The full spectrum of the disease is not yet understood. This understanding may help in limiting potential exposure. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513768/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235456 id: cord-268140-s5lailkp author: Atal, Shubham title: IL-6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Serious COVID-19: A Promising Therapy? date: 2020-06-13 words: 5174.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268140-s5lailkp.txt summary: Considering the proven role of cytokine dysregulation in causing this hyperinflammation in the lungs with IL-6 being a key driver, particularly in seriously ill COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to further explore selective cytokine blockade with drugs like the IL-6 inhibitors tocilizumab, sarilumab, and siltuximab. Considering the proven role of cytokine dysregulation in serious COVID-19 and interleukin (IL)-6 being the key driver of this hyperinflammation, which can cause multi-organ failure, a series of clinical trials with IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab, sarilumab and siltuximab are underway. Another Italian Phase II open-label trial (NCT04315480) with tocilizumab 8 mg/kg single dose is being conducted in patients with severe multifocal interstitial pneumonia due to COVID-19 to evaluate its role in the virus-induced cytokine storm, in blocking deterioration of lung function or even promoting a rapid improvement of clinical conditions, preventing naso-tracheal intubation and/or death [51] . abstract: At present, there are no proven agents for treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The available evidence has not allowed guidelines to clearly recommend any drugs outside the context of clinical trials. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 invokes a hyperinflammatory state driven by multiple cells and mediators like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), etc. Considering the proven role of cytokine dysregulation in causing this hyperinflammation in the lungs with IL-6 being a key driver, particularly in seriously ill COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to further explore selective cytokine blockade with drugs like the IL-6 inhibitors tocilizumab, sarilumab, and siltuximab. These targeted monoclonal antibodies can dampen the downstream IL-6 signaling pathways, which can lead to decreased cell proliferation, differentiation, oxidative stress, exudation, and improve clinical outcomes in patients with evident features of cytokine-driven inflammation like persistent fever, dyspnea and elevated markers. Preliminary evidence has come for tocilizumab from some small studies, and interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial; the latter also being available for sarilumab. International guidelines do include IL-6 inhibitors as one of the options available for severe or critically ill patients. There has been increased interest in evaluating these drugs with a series of clinical trials being registered and conducted in different countries. The level of investigation though perhaps needs to be further intensified as there is a need to focus on therapeutic options that can prove to be ‘life-saving’ as the number of COVID-19 fatalities worldwide keeps increasing alarmingly. IL-6 inhibitors could be one such treatment option, with generation of more evidence and completion of a larger number of systematic studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535732/ doi: 10.1007/s40290-020-00342-z id: cord-301800-ssdzd43t author: Atal, Shubham title: Approval of Itolizumab for COVID-19: A Premature Decision or Need of The Hour? date: 2020-10-13 words: 4509.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301800-ssdzd43t.txt summary: Based on the results, the Indian drug regulatory agency recently approved itolizumab in July 2020 for ''restricted emergency use'' for the treatment of CRS in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. The Indian drug regulatory agency (Central Drug Standard Control Organisation, CDSCO) recently approved itolizumab for ''restricted emergency use'' for treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19, followed by a similar approval in Cuba [1, 2] . The drug was studied in an open-label, randomized, controlled, phase II trial at four hospitals in India to assess the safety and efficacy of itolizumab in preventing CRS in moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19 [7] . The approval of itolizumab for restricted emergency use to treat COVID-19 patients with the complication of moderate to severe ARDS comes at a time when cases and hospitalizations are increasing alarmingly; the mortality has exceeded 80 thousand in India [24] . abstract: Itolizumab is a first-in-class anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody that was initially developed for various cancers and was later developed and approved in India for treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis in 2013. This drug is now being re-purposed for COVID-19. The potential utility of itolizumab in COVID-19, based on its unique mechanism of action in ameliorating cytokine release syndrome (CRS), was proposed first in Cuba with approval of a single-arm clinical trial and expanded access use. Subsequently, a phase II, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial has been conducted in 30 COVID-19 patients in India after receiving regulatory permission. Based on the results, the Indian drug regulatory agency recently approved itolizumab in July 2020 for ‘restricted emergency use’ for the treatment of CRS in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19. This has drawn sharp criticism within the scientific community, with the approval being granted on the basis of a relatively small phase II trial, without conduct of a conventional phase III trial, and lacking availability of the claimed supportive real-world evidence in the public domain to date. In a global scenario where finding a successful treatment for COVID-19 is of utmost priority, a biologic agent has been re-purposed and approved with a successfully completed RCT, in a country where cases and mortality due to COVID-19 are growing exponentially. However, instead of welcoming the approval with open arms, many doubts are being raised. This is an issue that needs to be considered and dealt with sensitively, as well as scientifically. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048300/ doi: 10.1007/s40259-020-00448-5 id: cord-270327-v4td3zsa author: Atallah, Bassam title: A Marker of Systemic Inflammation or Direct Cardiac Injury: Should Cardiac Troponin Levels be Monitored in COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-04-29 words: 1691.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270327-v4td3zsa.txt summary: The first and perhaps most significant overlap between COVID-19 and cardiac disease lies in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)''s pathogenicity and virulence. Of this cohort, 19.7% of patients had cardiac injury, accompanied by more comorbidities, and higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, creatine kinasemyocardial band (MB fraction), myoglobin, high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine. 5 With relation to COVID-19, a meta-analyses of four studies that included a total of 341 patients in China found the values of cTnI to be significantly increased in cases of severe disease (SMD, 25.6 ng/L; 95% CI, 6.8-44.5 ng/L) compared to milder forms. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Association of troponin level and age with mortality in 250 000 patients: cohort study across five UK acute care centres. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa033 doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa033 id: cord-276524-th6eu11h author: Atallah, Bassam title: Thrombotic events following tocilizumab therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a Façade for prognostic markers date: 2020-09-09 words: 2630.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276524-th6eu11h.txt summary: His D-dimer was over 6 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and started on intensified prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin infusion (UFH) 7500 units TID per our COVID anticoagulation protocol [4] . D-dimer was over 6 times ULN on transfer: Patient was directly placed on high intensity thromboprophylaxis with heparin 7500 SC TID and received tocilizumab on second day of admission. Additionally, the fact that thrombotic events continued to be observed despite decrease in inflammatory markers and the proactive anticoagulative approach adopted, raises more questions about the coagulative mechanisms at play in COVID-19, and the appropriate management strategy. Additionally, the fact that thrombotic events continued to be observed despite decrease in inflammatory markers and the proactive anticoagulative approach adopted, raises more questions about the coagulative mechanisms at play in COVID-19, and the appropriate management strategy. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitals in the Middle East Gulf region have experienced an influx of COVID-19 patients to their medical wards and intensive care units. The hypercoagulability of these patients has been widely reported on a global scale. However, many of the experimental treatments used to manage the various complications of COVID-19 have not been widely studied in this context. The effect of the current treatment protocols on patients’ diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers may thus impact the validity of the algorithms adopted. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case series, we report four cases of venous thromboembolism and 1 case of arterial thrombotic event, in patients treated with standard or intensified prophylactic doses of unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin at our institution. Tocilizumab has been utilized as an add-on therapy to the standard of care to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, in order to dampen the hyperinflammatory response. It is imperative to be aware that this drug may be masking the inflammatory markers (e.g. IL6, CRP, fibrinogen, and ferritin), without reducing the risk of thrombotic events in this population, creating instead a façade of an improved prognostic outcome. However, the D-dimer levels remained prognostically reliable in these cases, as they were not affected by the drug and continued to be at the highest level until event occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of tocilizumab therapy, traditional prognostic markers of worsening infection and inflammation, and thus potential risk of acute thrombosis, should be weighed carefully as they may not be reliable for prognosis and may create a façade of an improved prognostic outcome insteasd. Additionally, the fact that thrombotic events continued to be observed despite decrease in inflammatory markers and the proactive anticoagulative approach adopted, raises more questions about the coagulative mechanisms at play in COVID-19, and the appropriate management strategy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12959-020-00236-9 doi: 10.1186/s12959-020-00236-9 id: cord-264277-mh6og6pq author: Atallah, Juliana title: The importance of imaging – Perspectives from redeployment date: 2020-10-13 words: 2089.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264277-mh6og6pq.txt summary: Through our newfound role on the medical team, we directly impacted clinical decision making by: 1) dynamic consultation on imaging during medical rounds, 2) prompt communication with the radiology department, including interventional radiology (IR), as imaging-related questions arose, 3) retrospective review of imaging to explain uncertain clinical findings, and 4) guidance on ordering appropriate imaging given a specific clinical scenario. We report four cases of imaging related to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality that we encountered during our redeployment experience, illustrating the pivotal role that redeployed radiology residents have in patient care and management. As radiology residents deployed to the medicine unit, we actively reviewed the patient''s imaging with the team on rounds, specifically drawing attention to an area of dense peripheral wedge-shaped consolidation, which is atypical for COVID-19 [8, 9] . As the need for healthcare providers increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, radiology residents became a crucial part of the redeployed workforce and were able to make significant contributions to patient care. abstract: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic strains the healthcare system, radiology residents across the United States have become a vital part of the redeployed workforce. Through a series of four cases of COVID-19 patients encountered on the wards, we highlight the insight and unique set of skills redeployed radiology residents possess, which have been and will be essential to patient care during this crisis. By increasing visibility through active participation on the clinical team, we demonstrate the fundamental role radiology has in the greater field of medicine. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0899707120303867 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.10.022 id: cord-295431-p9iy7uaf author: Atangana, Ernestine title: Facemasks simple but powerful weapons to protect against COVID-19 spread: Can they have sides effects? date: 2020-09-30 words: 9778.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295431-p9iy7uaf.txt summary: Climatic factors including climate temperature, humidity, wind speed have played some crucial role in respect to the transition of the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-COV-2) and patient''s recovery and the death rate across the globe. With all these results in hand, there is a clear evidence that the wind could be a carrier of droplets containing concentration of COVID-19, while some case studied have been done for indoor and outdoor exposure with a wind speed of 2km/h, no mathematical model has been suggested to see in general how far such droplets could be transported. It was also observed that the transport followed a crossover behaviour, where during the first period, the transport followed a fading memory process but later a power law behaviour, with no steady state, this was very interesting as this shows that, when the COVID-19 infected person sneezed there were no wind effect, thus concentration released in the air with initial speed was able to spread like in the results described in [66] see Figure 8 below. abstract: In the last few months, the spread of COVID-19 among humans has caused serious damages around the globe letting many countries economically unstable. Results obtained from conducted research by epidemiologists and virologists showed that, COVID-19 is mainly spread from symptomatic individuals to others who are in close contact via respiratory droplets, mouth and nose, which are the primary mode of transmission. World health organization regulations to help stop the spread of this deadly virus, indicated that, it is compulsory to utilize respiratory protective devices such as facemasks in the public. Indeed, the use of these facemasks around the globe has helped reduce the spread of COVID-19. The primary aim of facemasks, is to avoid inhaling air that could contain droplets with COVID-19. We should note that, respiration process is the movement of oxygen from external atmosphere to the cells within tissue and the transport of carbon dioxide outside. However, the rebreathing of carbon dioxide using a facemask has not been taken into consideration. The hypercapnia (excess inhaled content of CO(2)) has been recognized to be related to symptoms of fatigue, discomfort, muscular weakness, headaches as well as drowsiness. Rebreathing of CO(2) has been a key to concern regarding the use of a facemask. Rebreathing usually occur when an expired air that is rich in CO(2) stays long than normal in the breathing space of the respirator after a breath. The increase of the arterial CO(2) concentration leads to symptoms that are aforementioned. Studies have been conducted on facemask shortages and on the appropriate facemask required to reduce the spread of COVID-19; however no study has been conducted to assess the possible relationship between CO(2) inhalation due to facemask, to determine and recommend which mask is appropriate in the reduction of the spread of the coronavirus while simultaneously avoid CO(2) inhalation by the facemask users. In the current paper, we provided a literature review on the use of facemasks with the aim to determine which facemasks could be used to avoid re-inhaling rejected CO(2). Additionally, we presented mathematical models depicting the transport of COVID-19 spread through wind with high speed. We considered first mathematical models for which the effect air-heterogeneity is neglected, such that air flow follows Markovian process with a retardation factor, these models considered two different scenarios, the speed of wind is constant and time-space dependent. Secondly, we assumed that the wind movement could follow different processes, including the power law process, fading memory process and a two-stage processes, these lead us to use differential operators with power law, exponential decay and the generalized Mittag-Leffler function with the aim to capture these processes. A numerical technique based on the Lagrange polynomial interpolation was used to solve some of these models numerically. The numerical solutions were coded in MATLAB software for simulations. The results obtained from the mathematical simulation showed that a wind with speed of 100km/h could transport droplets as far as 300 meters. The results obtained from these simulations together with those presented by other researchers lead us to conclude that, the wind could have helped spread COVID-19 in some places around the world, especially in coastal areas. Therefore, appropriate facemasks that could help avoid re-inhaling enough CO(2) should be used every time one is in open air even when alone especially in windy environment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103425 doi: 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103425 id: cord-255513-h8v6hba4 author: Atar, Shaul title: An Invited Commentary on “The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review” date: 2020-04-29 words: 551.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255513-h8v6hba4.txt summary: title: An Invited Commentary on "The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review" (1) for the excellent up-to-date review on the socio-economic outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of all the published data in the digital media, the COVID-19 pandemic raised a lot of concern among patients, especially the elderly and those with chronic diseases. (2) , the authors reported a significant delay in time to seeking medical help in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. These telemedicine systems should be simple, convenient and affordable for real-time consultation between patients and care providers, between rural or community hospitals and surgeons in centers of expertise, for improved decision-making in emergency and routine daily situations (3) . The COVID-19 pandemic should be the spark that will ignite the fire of reachable and affordable global telemedicine. The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120303538?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.054 id: cord-277086-j7hih6o9 author: Atchison, Christina J title: Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults date: 2020-04-03 words: 3876.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277086-j7hih6o9.txt summary: Preventive behaviours included information on perceived effectiveness and actual adoption of preventive behaviours (to protect oneself and others), to prevent both contracting COVID-19 and onward transmission, and were collected under three categories: (1) hygiene practices (wearing a face mask, washing hands more frequently with soap and water, using hand sanitiser more regularly, disinfecting the home, covering nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing) (2) travel avoidance (travel to affected countries and travel to areas inside and outside the UK, regardless of whether they were affected) (3) social distancing (avoiding public transport, social events, going out in general, going to hospital or other healthcare settings, crowded places, and contact with people who have a fever or respiratory symptoms). abstract: Objective: To examine risk perceptions and behavioural responses of the UK adult population during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK. Design: A cross-sectional survey Setting: Conducted with a nationally representative sample of UK adults within 48 hours of the UK Government advising the public to stop non-essential contact with others and all unnecessary travel. Participants: 2,108 adults living in the UK aged 18 years and over. Data were collected between March 17 and 18 2020. Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics for all survey questions, including the number of respondents and the weighted percentages. Logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic variation in: (1) adoption of social-distancing measures, (2) ability to work from home, and (3) willingness and (4) ability to self-isolate. Results Overall, 1,992 (94.2%) respondents reported taking at least one preventive measure: 85.8% washed their hands with soap more frequently; 56.5% avoided crowded areas and 54.5% avoided social events. Adoption of social-distancing measures was higher in those aged over 70 compared to younger adults aged 18 to 34 years (aOR:1.9; 95% CI:1.1 to 3.4). Those with the lowest household income were six times less likely to be able to work from home (aOR:0.16; 95% CI:0.09 to 0.26) and three times less likely to be able to self-isolate (aOR:0.31; 95% CI:0.16 to 0.58). Ability to self-isolate was also lower in black and minority ethnic groups (aOR:0.47; 95% CI:0.27 to 0.82). Willingness to self-isolate was high across all respondents. Conclusions The ability to adopt and comply with certain NPIs is lower in the most economically disadvantaged in society. Governments must implement appropriate social and economic policies to mitigate this. By incorporating these differences in NPIs among socio-economic subpopulations into mathematical models of COVID-19 transmission dynamics, our modelling of epidemic outcomes and response to COVID-19 can be improved. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050039 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050039 id: cord-031378-iy67xnec author: Atif, Iqra title: The Role of Digital Technologies that Could Be Applied for Prescreening in the Mining Industry During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 words: 4709.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031378-iy67xnec.txt summary: Potential digital technologies that could be applied to tackle various problems related to COVID-19 pandemic are artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, Internet of medical things (IoMT), smart biosensors and sanitizing equipment. Smart bio-sensor-based face shields can also be used in the mining industry, not only for protection purposes, but also as display screens to highlight any critical information related to the miner''s health and safety. Smart boots is another digital technology that can be useful to prevent infectious viruses like COVID-19 by providing the worker contact tracing and ensure social distancing (Fig. 8) . The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine reported that ultraviolet (UV) light-based walkthrough gates possibly could eradicate the coronavirus that contains the deadly Fig. 9 IoT-Q-Band system for real-time monitoring of the health condition of individual and ensure social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus, source: Singh et al. abstract: The novel COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic has caused global havoc and impacted almost every aspect of human life and the global economy. The mining industry is not immune to such impacts. The pandemic has accelerated the need for digital transformation in the mining industry and in the era of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), there is further application of digital technologies in the early detection and prescreening of emerging infectious and viral diseases to keep mining areas and communities safer and less vulnerable. This paper aims to explore the application of smart digital technologies that could be applied for detection, prescreening and prevention of COVID-19 in the mining industry. The study will contribute, firstly, to demonstrate the utility and applications of digital technologies in the mining industry and, secondly, the development of a body of knowledge that can be consulted to prevent the spread of the disease in the mining industry. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471498/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00164-0 id: cord-348521-ai7d634u author: Atif, Muhammad title: COVID-19 and community pharmacy services in Pakistan: challenges, barriers and solution for progress date: 2020-06-15 words: 2337.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348521-ai7d634u.txt summary: While in the developing nations, including Pakistan, pharmacists are unable to perform COVID-19 containment roles in community, since presence of pharmacists at community pharmacy settings and delivery of pharmacy services have historically been plagued by shortcomings at various levels. In Pakistan, community pharmacy services are highly warranted as the devastating COVID-19 pandemic is swiftly spreading and the country does not have the capacity to meet the international standards of care due to a number of public health and healthcare system related vulnerabilities. Whilst, in the current situation, when healthcare system is buckled under the burden of public health crisis and the country is attempting to adhere to the recommended preventive measures against COVID-19, full-blown community pharmacy services are urgently needed. There are a number of intertwined government, public, academia, curriculum, pharmacist and drug retailers related factors in Pakistan which are hindering the establishment of community pharmacy services regardless of COVID-19 driven high demand for such services. abstract: In the wake of atrocious rise in COVID-19 cases, developed countries are leveraging a range of community pharmacy services with the goal of improving access to essential medication and healthcare services. While in the developing nations, including Pakistan, pharmacists are unable to perform COVID-19 containment roles in community, since presence of pharmacists at community pharmacy settings and delivery of pharmacy services have historically been plagued by shortcomings at various levels. In this document, we identified these shortcomings which need to be resolved on many fronts. Broadly, a number of intertwined government related, public related, academic curricula and pharmacist related, and drug retailers’ related factors refrain community pharmacists from performing and facilitating Pakistan’s fragile public and healthcare system in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic. Government led multifaceted approaches are urgently needed to strengthen this unrecognized domain and thereby effectively combat COVID-19 by utilizing community pharmacy services, as evidenced in the developed world. [Note: Part of this article is published in Pakistan Observer Newspaper; dated 17 May 2020). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547769/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00240-4 id: cord-340553-vofar32b author: Atique, Suleman title: A nursing informatics response to COVID‐19: perspectives from five regions of the world date: 2020-05-18 words: 3694.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340553-vofar32b.txt summary: Switzerland, a country with 8.6 million inhabitants living across 26 cantons and 4 languages regions (French, German, Italian and Rhaeto-Romance), is responding to the COVID-19 pandemic by closing non-vital services and implementing WHO recommendations such as rapid testing, case isolation or self-isolation and social distancing (Federal Office of Public Health, 2020; Salathé et al., 2020) . Nursing informaticians in Finland have assisted these efforts by developing COVID-19 related data interfaces for electronic health records, providing digital education on caring for those infected with the virus and improving mobile documentation to speed up access to real-time patient information. These include online educational resources related to the clinical presentation, detection and care (e.g. e-learning module on the use of personal protective equipment) of people diagnosed or suspected to have the infectious disease (Canadian Institute of Health Information, 2020; Canadian Nurses Association, 2020). abstract: The 21st century has seen several infectious disease outbreaks that have turned into epidemics and pandemics including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which began in Asia in 2003 (Poon, Guan, Nicholls, Yuen, & Peiris, 2004), followed by H1N1 that emerged in Mexico and the United States in 2009 (Belongia et al., 2010). Next came the lesser known Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) originating in Saudi Arabia in 2012 (Assiri et al., 2013), after which the Ebola outbreak in West Africa took place from 2014 to 2016, with a more recent occurrence in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2019 (Malvy, McElroy, de Clerck, Günther, & van Griensven, 2019). To date, the coronavirus (COVID‐19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in late December 2019 seems to be eclipsing all of these previous infectious diseases in terms of its global reach and impact (Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao, 2020). After being declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency on 30 January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020c), it was elevated to a pandemic status on 11 March 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020d). As of 28 April 2020, there are more than 2.9 million cases and 202,597 deaths reported worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020b). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420652/ doi: 10.1111/jan.14417 id: cord-355080-bzax1u33 author: Atkins, J. L. title: PREEXISTING COMORBIDITIES PREDICTING SEVERE COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS IN THE UK BIOBANK COMMUNITY COHORT date: 2020-05-08 words: 2792.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355080-bzax1u33.txt summary: However, in adjusted models, COVID-19 patients were more likely than other participants to have pre-existing dementia (OR=3.07 95% CI 1.71 to 5.50), COPD (OR= 1.82 CI 1.33 to 2.49), depression (OR=1.81 CI 1.36 to 2.40), type 2 diabetes (OR=1.70 CI 1.30 to 2.21), chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. Given the scarcity of cohort data on risk factors for severe COVID in older groups, we undertook an initial analysis of baseline (2006 to 2010) demographic characteristics and preexisting diagnoses during UK Biobank (UKB) follow-up. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092700 doi: medRxiv preprint diagnoses of dementia, COPD, depression, chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation emerged as independent risk factors. In older adults, several specific pre-existing co-morbidities are disproportionally common in severe COVID-19 patients, notably including dementia, depression, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease. abstract: Background: Older COVID-19 hospitalized patients frequently have hypertension, diabetes or coronary heart disease (CHD), but whether these are more common than in the population is unclear. During the initial epidemic in England, virus testing for older adults was restricted to symptomatic hospitalized patients. We aimed to estimate associations between pre-existing diagnoses and COVID-19 status, in a large community cohort. Methods: UK Biobank (England) participants assessed 2006 to 2010, followed in hospital discharge records to 2017. Demographic and pre-existing common diagnoses association tested with COVID-19 status (16th March to 14th April 2020) in logistic models, adjusted for demographics, study site and other diagnoses. Results: There were 274,356 participants aged 65+, including 448 (0.16%) hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Common co-morbidities in patients were hypertension (58.5%), coronary heart disease (CHD, 21.1%), history of fall or fragility fractures (30.6%), and type 2 diabetes (19.6%). However, in adjusted models, COVID-19 patients were more likely than other participants to have pre-existing dementia (OR=3.07 95% CI 1.71 to 5.50), COPD (OR= 1.82 CI 1.33 to 2.49), depression (OR=1.81 CI 1.36 to 2.40), type 2 diabetes (OR=1.70 CI 1.30 to 2.21), chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. Hypertension was modestly associated (OR=1.29 CI 1.04 to 1.59), but CHD (OR=0.92 CI 0.71 to 1.20) prevalence was similar in COVID-19 patients and other participants. Conclusion: Specific co-morbidities are disproportionally common in older adults who develop severe COVID-19. Tailored interventions may be needed, as these results do not support simple age-based targeting to prevent severe COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092700 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092700 id: cord-348406-tg0c51oi author: Atrah, Hasan I title: Alternative management of Covid-19 infection date: 2020-07-08 words: 2360.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348406-tg0c51oi.txt summary: Three therapeutic agents with proven immune-modulatory properties in regular use in a wide range of inflammatory disorders (high dose intravenous immunoglobulin, Rituximab and thalidomide) are proposed for the treatment of cytokine storm. The rationale for the use of Rituximab in Covid-19 infection to prevent and/or treat the "cytokine storm" depends on the multifaceted mode of action of Rituximab in downregulating the immune responses by at least three major independent mechanisms (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis). 8 Based on these mechanisms Rituximab has been successfully used to treat a wide range of immune/autoimmune disorders and for this reason it is expected to be useful for the treatment of "cytokine storm" because it involves hyperactive immune reaction. 15, 16 Through these complicated reactions it is highly likely that thalidomide will effectively dampen down the "cytokine storm" which in addition to causing lung injury, may well be the trigger of the state of hypercoagulability observed in Covid-19 patients. abstract: Cytokine storm is a life-threatening complication of Covid-19 infection. Excessive cytokines are the products of hyperactive immune inflammatory response mounted by the host against the virus. There is no agreed treatment for cytokine storm. Three therapeutic agents with proven immune-modulatory properties in regular use in a wide range of inflammatory disorders (high dose intravenous immunoglobulin, Rituximab and thalidomide) are proposed for the treatment of cytokine storm. Safety and efficacy of the proposed treatment should be assessed by randomised controlled clinical trials. The use of the proposed treatment is expected to reduce the mortality rate and alter the overall management of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638647/ doi: 10.1177/0036933020941497 id: cord-310254-ko1sptzm author: Attri, Bhawna title: Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach date: 2020-07-18 words: 6392.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310254-ko1sptzm.txt summary: The aim of this article is to provide a practical guidance for the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. We provide a comprehensive review on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen, including its principles, rationale, indications, prerequisites, initiation, and dose titration, and also suggest targets for blood glucose control and different levels of capillary blood glucose monitoring. Various case scenarios are used to illustrate how optimal glucose control can be achieved, such as through adjustments in doses of prandial and basal insulin, the use of correctional insulin dosing and changes in the timing and content of major and minor meals. This review provides a practical guidance on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalised with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly crossed international boundaries and placed increasing demands on healthcare facilities worldwide. Patients with diabetes and uncontrolled blood glucose levels are at increased risk for poor clinical outcomes and in-hospital mortality related to COVID-19. Therefore, achieving good glycaemic control is of paramount importance among hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Basal-bolus insulin therapy is a safe and effective intervention for the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised patients. The aim of this article is to provide a practical guidance for the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This guidance document was formulated based on the review of available literature and the combined personal experiences of the authors. We provide a comprehensive review on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen, including its principles, rationale, indications, prerequisites, initiation, and dose titration, and also suggest targets for blood glucose control and different levels of capillary blood glucose monitoring. Various case scenarios are used to illustrate how optimal glucose control can be achieved, such as through adjustments in doses of prandial and basal insulin, the use of correctional insulin dosing and changes in the timing and content of major and minor meals. CONCLUSION: The practical guidance for the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus presented here can be used for patients admitted to hospital for indications other than COVID-19 and for those in ambulatory care. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13300-020-00873-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683660/ doi: 10.1007/s13300-020-00873-3 id: cord-291770-xqp4labe author: Attwood, Sophie title: How will the COVID-19 pandemic shape the future of meat consumption? date: 2020-08-12 words: 2824.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291770-xqp4labe.txt summary: Here, we discuss how the current pandemic has already begun to shift public awareness of illnesses linked to animals and has resulted in short-term changes in patterns of meat consumption. Past zoonotic outbreaks, such as SARS and swine flu, are also referred to, and we find that these led to similar short-term reductions in meat intake, a shift in the type of meat chosen and longer-lasting impacts on consumer perceptions of the health risks associated with meat. We conclude that, if immediate changes in eating patterns as a result of COVID-19 are retained in the longer term, one possible opportunity to emerge from the current pandemic may be a shift away from overconsumption of meat, leading to potential health and environmental benefits in the longer term. While risk perceptions are by no means the sole determinant of meat consumption, with consumers valuing taste, price and convenience above ethical or health concerns (38) , this research does highlight the far-reaching impact that media coverage of food-related risks can have on consumer behaviour. abstract: Since its recent onset, the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the daily lives of millions around the world. One area particularly affected is our diets, with food supply chain disruptions, media coverage of food safety issues and restaurant closures all influencing consumer dietary behaviour. Given this situation, we pose a timely question – what is the impact of the current pandemic on longer-term meat consumption patterns? This issue is pertinent given accumulating evidence that overconsumption of meat, particularly red meat, is associated with negative environmental and health outcomes. Here, we discuss how the current pandemic has already begun to shift public awareness of illnesses linked to animals and has resulted in short-term changes in patterns of meat consumption. Past zoonotic outbreaks, such as SARS and swine flu, are also referred to, and we find that these led to similar short-term reductions in meat intake, a shift in the type of meat chosen and longer-lasting impacts on consumer perceptions of the health risks associated with meat. We conclude that, if immediate changes in eating patterns as a result of COVID-19 are retained in the longer term, one possible opportunity to emerge from the current pandemic may be a shift away from overconsumption of meat, leading to potential health and environmental benefits in the longer term. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32782062/ doi: 10.1017/s136898002000316x id: cord-344006-0iq9s94n author: Atzrodt, Cassandra L. title: A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-05-23 words: 7283.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt summary: All rights reserved Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that uses spike proteins to bind to human lung epithelial cells (Fig. 2) [67] . Upon membrane fusion, the RNA of the coronavirus genome is released into the host cell cytoplasm via an early endosome -unlike SARS-CoV, which employs a late endosome and therefore must cross higher barriers of antiviral host immunity -where it is translated into a replication-translation complex that in turn translates sub-genomic RNA into accessory and structural proteins (Fig. 3) [82-84]. The Vivalytic VRI (viral respiratory tract infections) COVID-19 Test System pioneered by Bosch and Randox Laboratories is similar to the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay in that it reduces hands-on time and can confirm a positive test within 2.5 hours with a reported 95% accuracy [100]. More specific assays have now emerged that are proving very useful in providing a fuller picture of the rates of asymptomatic or mild SARS-Cov2 infection, through detection of anti-viral antibodies that persist for months and even years after the virus has been cleared [107] . abstract: The emergence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 strain of the human coronavirus has thrown the world into the midst of a new pandemic. In the human body, the virus causes COVID‐19, a disease characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia, which can be fatal in vulnerable individuals. SARS‐CoV‐2 has characteristics of past human coronaviruses, with close genomic similarities to SARS‐CoV, the virus that causes the disease SARS. Like these related coronaviruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets and interaction with contaminated surfaces. Across the world, laboratories are developing candidate vaccines for the virus – with vaccine trials underway in the US and the United Kingdom ‐ and considering various drugs for possible treatments and prophylaxis. Here, we provide an overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 by analyzing its virology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission while examining the current progress of testing procedures and possible treatments through drugs and vaccines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446285/ doi: 10.1111/febs.15375 id: cord-327349-rxb6zfoc author: Au, Lewis title: Cancer, COVID-19, and antiviral immunity: the CAPTURE study date: 2020-09-03 words: 4531.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327349-rxb6zfoc.txt summary: Inherent perturbations on cell subsets (e.g. lymphoid and myeloid malignancies), or therapy-induced impact on immune states (e.g. immune checkpoint blockade) may provide opportunities to understand contributions of distinct immune compartments and key regulators of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of knowledge to-date of the clinical features of COVID-19 observed in cancer patients, as well as potential impact of cancer and anti-cancer interventions on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. However, what has been critically missing in cohort and registry reports to date are data on 1) the true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the cancer population, given population screening has not been widely implemented; and 2) the experience of those who remain well (uninfected, asymptomatic or subclinically affected), to determine the drivers of mortality and the absolute risks of severe adverse events within the cancer community as a whole. A longitudinal understanding of the degree to which the immunocompromised states of cancer patients impact infection, viral clearance, clinical course of COVID-19, and subsequent generation of long-term immunity is needed. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed a significant challenge for risk evaluation and mitigation amongst cancer patients. Susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients has not been studied in a prospective and broadly applicable manner. CAPTURE is a pan-cancer, longitudinal immune profiling study designed to address this knowledge gap. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0092867420311466 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.005 id: cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author: Aucejo, Esteban M. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date: 2020-08-27 words: 5275.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt summary: Without COVID-19, lower-income students 15 The cutoff for median parental income in our sample is $80,000 16 Based on analysis of ASU administrative data including transcripts, we find that, relative to their counterparts, first-generation, lower-income, and non-white students drop out at higher rates, take longer to graduate, have lower GPAs at graduation, and are more likely to switch majors when in college (see Appendix Table A3) J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Second, Panel (d) of Figure 1 shows that the switch to online learning was substantially harder for some demographic groups; for example, men are 7 percentage points less likely to opt for an online version of a course as a result of COVID-19, while women do not have a statistically significant change in their online preferences. abstract: In order to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education, we surveyed approximately 1,500 students at one of the largest public institutions in the United States using an instrument designed to recover the causal impact of the pandemic on students’ current and expected outcomes. Results show large negative effects across many dimensions. Due to COVID-19: 13% of students have delayed graduation, 40% have lost a job, internship, or job offer, and 29% expect to earn less at age 35. Moreover, these effects have been highly heterogeneous. One quarter of students increased their study time by more than 4 hours per week due to COVID-19, while another quarter decreased their study time by more than 5 hours per week. This heterogeneity often followed existing socioeconomic divides; lower-income students are 55% more likely than their higher-income peers to have delayed graduation due to COVID-19. Finally, we show that the economic and health related shocks induced by COVID-19 vary systematically by socioeconomic factors and constitute key mediators in explaining the large (and heterogeneous) effects of the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272720301353?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271 id: cord-347675-kgx920dn author: Audrey, Fresse title: Spontaneous reported cardiotoxicity induced by lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19. An alleged past-resolved problem date: 2020-10-16 words: 3980.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347675-kgx920dn.txt summary: If the risk of Atrio-Ventricular (AV) block is mentioned in the LPV/r Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), information concerning QTc prolongation resulted in rather vague mentions on respective European and North-American initial SmPCs. Although there is no approved drug to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection yet, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a wide empirical and off-label use of LPV/r by clinicians despite the lack of any strong evidence or convincing scientific rationale. As the Nice RCPV has drug-induced Long QT syndrome and cardiac safety of drugs within its scope of expertise, in March 2020, the National drug Agency (ANSM) appointed us to investigate all cases of cardiotoxicity associated with the empirical use of LPV/r against COVID-19 that had spontaneously been reported by any of the 31 RCPVs. After a first expertise by the RCPV of origin, all cases of cardiotoxicity were consecutively included in this study. abstract: The antiretroviral drug lopinavir/ritonavir has been recently repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. Its empirical use has been associated with multiple cardiac adverse reactions pertaining to its ancillary multi-channel blocking properties, vaguely characterized until now. We aimed to characterize qualitatively the cardiotoxicity associated with lopinavir/ritonavir in the setting of COVID-19. Spontaneous notifications of cardiac adverse drug reactions reported to the national Pharmacovigilance Network were collected for 8 weeks since March 1st 2020. The Nice Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, whose scope of expertise is drug-induced long QT syndrome, analyzed the cases, including the reassessment of all available ECGs. QTc ≥ 500 ms and delta QTc > 60 ms from baseline were deemed serious. Twenty-two cases presented with 28 cardiac adverse reactions associated with the empirical use of lopinavir/ritonavir in a hospital setting. Most adverse reactions reflected lopinavir/ritonavir potency to block voltage-gated potassium channels with 5 ventricular arrhythmias and 17 QTc prolongations. An average QTc augmentation of 97 ± 69 ms was reported. Twelve QTc prolongations were deemed serious. Other cases were likely related to lopinavir/ritonavir potency to block sodium channels: 1 case of bundle branch block and 5 recurrent bradycardias. The incidence of cardiac adverse reactions of lopinavir/ritonavir was estimated between 0.3% and 0.4%. These cardiac adverse drug reactions offer a new insight in its ancillary multi-channel blocking functions. Lopinavir/ritonavir cardiotoxicity may be of concern for its empirical use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caution should be exerted relative to this risk where lopinavir/ritonavir summary of product characteristics should be implemented accordingly. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167527320339814 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.028 id: cord-256357-dlc8yb6j author: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during the Coronavirus Crisis – important updates for the cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia community date: 2020-04-28 words: 2005.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256357-dlc8yb6j.txt summary: 5 The perspectives from care providers in the frontlines have raised the following issues about life support for cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic: infection control, risk-stratification to guide decision-making, protocols to guide resuscitation in patients who wish to set limits on their care, and, further deliberations at the national level to inform point-of-care delivery in this context. [5] [6] These guideline updates have addressed the following major considerations in the conduct of life support in these challenging settings: provider exposure; oxygenation and ventilation strategies; the appropriateness of resuscitation; and, lastly considerations specific to 3 certain care situations. [19] [20] It is therefore important to consider the probability of success in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a given case versus the risks of infection, diverted clinical attention and resource utilization during the pandemic, especially in stressed health care environments during the crisis phase of the COVID-19 crisis. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053077020303980?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.039 id: cord-300805-apli48ih author: Augoustides, John G. title: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Coronavirus Infection – current considerations during the pandemic date: 2020-04-16 words: 1466.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300805-apli48ih.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] The pharmacologic modulation of this system with agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) has resulted in major clinical benefits in the medical management of hypertension and heart failure. [4] [5] The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infects human cells such as alveolar endothelium in the lung by binding to the membrane receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given that these RAAS inhibitors are common therapies for hypertension and that they may up-regulate the expression of ACE2, the clinical concern has been formulated that therapy with these agents may increase the risk and severity of coronavirus infection. Further trials will likely focus on the current evidence gaps related to this question in severe COVID-19 including mechanisms, the prevalence of RAAS inhibitors, and careful correlation of this prevalence with clinical outcomes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.010 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.010 id: cord-328607-lzai90zq author: Augoustides, John G. title: Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection – Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis date: 2020-04-09 words: 2073.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328607-lzai90zq.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] [4] In the cohort of patients with severe COVID-19, the risks of admission to an intensive care unit are high owing to critical conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular collapse, and acute renal failure. [1] [2] [3] [4] The unique considerations of this important infection significantly affect the management approaches to these patients by cardiothoracic anesthesiologists and intensivists with respect to airway management, echocardiography, anesthetic care, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 33 Furthermore, in patients with severe COVID-19, additional factors that may compromise right ventricular function include myocarditis, vasoplegic shock, and acute coronary syndromes as outlined above. [11] [12] [13] Owing to these multiple mechanisms that can challenge the right ventricle, echocardiography to assess right ventricular function and responses to therapy will facilitate a more individualized approach to resuscitation and management in patients with severe COVID-19. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020303153 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.001 id: cord-104461-nkqdkvfu author: Aujayeb, Avinash title: Consolidating medical ambulatory care services in the COVID-19 era date: 2020 words: 1669.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104461-nkqdkvfu.txt summary: Cases seen include deep vein thrombosis, anemia, pulmonary embolisms, atrial fibrillation, skin and soft-tissue infections, thunderclap headaches, severe hypertension, low-risk gastrointestinal bleeds, pneumonia, pleural effusions, pneumothoraces, malignant ascites, abnormal blood results, low-risk cardiac sounding chest pain, electrolyte abnormalities, or deranged liver function test results requiring further investigation but not requiring monitoring, gastroenteritisrequiring minimal intravenous rehydration before discharge, oncology referrals for potential neutropenic sepsis, diabetic patients with hypo/perglycemia, stable anaphylaxis after adrenaline, non-stroke acute neurology (with a visiting neurologist every Friday), patients with suspected underlying infections but no clear source and not meeting sepsis criteria, first seizure or epileptics who are postictal and requiring a period of recovery and high-risk discharge follow-ups. As the A and E department developed a respiratory assessment zone and non-COVID-19 areas, MAC has expanded the streaming service to include all A and E ambulatory patients that have not been redirected back to urgent treatment centers at the front door. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346974/ doi: nan id: cord-348835-4ocuw8uk author: Aurelio, Mauro title: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19 inpatients: Incidence and management in a multicenter experience from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-14 words: 4009.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348835-4ocuw8uk.txt summary: Abstract Background COVID-19 patients have an increased susceptibility to develop thrombotic complications, thus thromboprophylaxis is warranted which may increase risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Risk and incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in COVID-19 patients is unknown, and at the moment only two case series (one without endoscopy data) [8, 9] and two case reports are reported in literature [10, 11] . Need for endoscopic treatment was more common in patients in whom upper GI endoscopy was performed before 24 hr (6 vs 1 patients, p=0.08) although GBS score was similar between the two groups (13;12-16 vs 12;9-15, p=NS). The decision to postpone upper GI endoscopy or to not perform was probably related to the significant respiratory involvement (nine out of 12 patients) or to a severe systemic course of COVID-19 disease that reflected higher c-reactive protein values and that lead physicians to avoid additional factors (i.e. sedation, endoscopic procedure) that could worsen respiratory function. abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 patients have an increased susceptibility to develop thrombotic complications, thus thromboprophylaxis is warranted which may increase risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Our aim was to evaluate incidence of UGIB and use of upper GI endoscopy in COVID-19 inpatients. Methods the medical and endoscopic management of UGIB in non-ICU COVID-19 patients has been retrospectively evaluated. Glasgow Blatchford score was calculated at onset of signs of GI bleeding. Timing between onset of signs of GI bleeding and execution, if performed, of upper GI endoscopy was evaluated. Endoscopic characteristics and outcome of patients were evaluated overall or according to the execution or not of an upper GI endoscopy before and after 24 hr. Results Out of 4871 COVID-19 positive patients, 23 presented signs of UGIB and were included in the study (incidence 0.47%). The majority (78%) were on anticoagulant therapy or thromboprophylaxis. In 11 patients (48%) upper GI endoscopy was performed within 24hr, whereas it was not performed in 5. Peptic ulcer was the most common finding (8/18). Mortality rate was 21.7% for worsening of COVID-19 infection. Mortality and rebleeding were not different between patients having upper GI endoscopy before or after 24 hr/not performed. Glasgow Blatchford score was similar between the two groups (13;12-16 vs 12;9-15). Conclusion Upper GI bleeding complicated hospital stay in almost 0.5% of COVID-19 patients and peptic ulcer disease is the most common finding. Conservative management could be an option in patients that are at high risk of respiratory complications. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210740120302163 doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.025 id: cord-280358-ru2hv6pz author: Auvinen, R. title: Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study date: 2020-06-29 words: 4219.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280358-ru2hv6pz.txt summary: title: Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized adult COVID-19 and influenza patients: a prospective observational study Objective We compared the clinical characteristics, findings and outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza to detect relevant differences. Our prospective population-based influenza study was already recruiting hospitalized adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), which gave us the opportunity to enroll COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the outbreak. In previous studies, along with age and other comorbidities, obesity has been a risk factor for severe disease and ICU admission in both COVID-19 and influenza, which supports our findings [30, 31] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20140632 doi: medRxiv preprint epidemic, occasionally SARS-CoV-2 detection alone was conducted without influenza testing on clinical grounds, however, of the COVID-19 patients included in this study, 21 (75%) were tested for influenza and no co-infections were found. abstract: Objective We compared the clinical characteristics, findings and outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza to detect relevant differences. Methods From December 2019 to April 2020, we recruited all eligible hospitalized adults with respiratory infection to a prospective observational study at the HUS Jorvi Hospital, Finland. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections were confirmed by RT-PCR. Follow-up lasted for at least 30 days from admission. Results We included 61 patients, of whom 28 were COVID-19 and 33 influenza patients with median ages of 53 and 56 years. Majority of both COVID-19 and influenza patients were men (61% vs 67%) and had at least one comorbidity (68% vs 85%). Pulmonary diseases and current smoking were less common among COVID-19 than influenza patients (5 [18%] vs 15 [45%], P=0.03 and 1 [4%] vs 10 [30%], P=0.008). In chest x-ray at admission, ground-glass opacities and consolidations were more frequent among COVID-19 than influenza patients (19 [68%] and 7 [21%], P < 0.001). Severe disease and intensive care unit (ICU) admission occurred more often among COVID-19 than influenza patients (26 [93%] vs 19 [58%], P=0.003 and 8 [29%] vs 2 [6%], P=0.034). COVID-19 patients were hospitalized longer than influenza patients (6 days [IQR 4-21] vs 3 [2-4], P<0.001). Conclusion Bilateral ground-glass opacities and consolidations in chest X-ray may help to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had more severe disease, required longer hospitalization and were admitted to ICU more often than influenza patients, which has important implications for public health policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20140632 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20140632 id: cord-326355-oyspjx20 author: Auðardóttir, Auður Magndís title: Chaos ruined the children’s sleep, diet and behaviour: Gendered discourses on family life in pandemic times date: 2020-08-17 words: 6871.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326355-oyspjx20.txt summary: Despite affordable day care, women''s participation in the workforce being the norm and policies emphasizing fathers'' involvement, Icelandic mothers are still expected to shoulder the main responsibility for childcare (Júlíusdóttir, Rafnsdóttir, & Einarsdóttir, 2018; Símonardóttir, 2016) . A survey on the gendered division of childcare in Iceland during the COVID-19 semi-lockdown showed that 42 per cent of women who work for the state or a municipality stayed at home with their children whereas only 30 per cent of men did so (BSRB -The Federation of State and Municipal Employees, 2020). Several participants felt the need to emphasize how responsible parents prioritize the needs of the children above the needs of paid work, particularly in the stories about Anna. We see stories where happiness is found once the parents, mostly the mothers, fight off the demands of neoliberal parenthood to redefine what is a good and worthy life. abstract: This study adopts a feminist critical approach to explore how parenting was understood during the COVID‐19 restrictive measures in Iceland. Iceland has been known as a front runner in gender equality, and women’s participation in the workforce is high. Data consists of 97 stories that were collected during the peak of COVID‐19 in April 2020 using the story completion method. The stories were thematically analysed. Most of the participants were university‐educated women. The themes demonstrate the power of neoliberal discourses in framing parenting. Parenting during a pandemic, especially mothering, is constructed as an overwhelming project that requires detailed organization and management. There is also resistance to neoliberal governmentality through redefining successful parenthood. Furthermore, the gendered nature of domestic work is questioned, especially the traditional, inactive father who prioritizes his own needs only to fail comically in the domestic sphere. The study contributes to our understanding of gendered parenthood in neoliberal, pandemic times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837027/ doi: 10.1111/gwao.12519 id: cord-033982-3slubbaf author: Avellanas Chavala, M.L. title: Pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19() date: 2020-10-20 words: 1281.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033982-3slubbaf.txt summary: 1 Experts from 32 centers specialized in the management of PAH from the United States gave their answers to an electronic survey sent by the Pulmonary Hypertension Association and only reported on 13 cases treated of which only 1 patient did. 2 questioned several things, among them, if PAH and its preexisting pulmonary vasculopathy could be protecting these highrisk patients, whether an impaired pulmonary endothelium could be the cause of a significant impairment of the inflammatory response, and if hypoxemia played a role in viral replication. Nitric oxide (NO), adrenomedullin, and adenosine (Table 1 ) are among the gene products regulated by HIF-1 thanks to their properties and physiological effects. 2 on the low incidence and mortality rate of patients with PAH during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic Could pulmonary arterial hypertension patients be at a lower risk from severe COVID-19? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7572303/ doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.006 id: cord-341300-fkdydf4u author: Avendano-Sola, C. title: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial date: 2020-09-01 words: 3839.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341300-fkdydf4u.txt summary: Background: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CP) is a potential treatment for COVID-19 for which evidence from controlled clinical trials is lacking. 6 A second trial was also prematurely stopped after a first interim analysis showed that most patients already had high neutralizing antibody titers at the time of inclusion and that no statistical differences in outcomes were seen between treatment groups. 10, 11 Tens of thousands of COVID-19 patients have been treated with CP based on the premise that RCT "take significant time to produce results and will not be available for participation to all hospitals", 10 despite the lack of evidence for efficacy, and the fact that such uncontrolled models lead to questionable estimates of treatment effects. Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial abstract: Background: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CP) is a potential treatment for COVID-19 for which evidence from controlled clinical trials is lacking. Methods: We conducted a multi-center, randomized clinical trial in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. All patients received standard of care treatment, including off-label use of marketed medicines, and were randomized 1:1 to receive one dose (250-300 mL) of CP from donors with IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in categories 5, 6 or 7 of the COVID-19 ordinal scale at day 15. Results: The trial was stopped after first interim analysis due to the fall in recruitment related to pandemic control. With 81 patients randomized, there were no patients progressing to mechanical ventilation or death among the 38 patients assigned to receive plasma (0%) versus 6 out of 43 patients (14%) progressing in control arm. Mortality rates were 0% vs 9.3% at days 15 and 29 for the active and control groups, respectively (log-rank p=0.056). No significant differences were found in secondary endpoints. At inclusion, patients had a median time of 8 days (IQR, 6-9) of symptoms and 49,4% of them were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma could be superior to standard of care in avoiding progression to mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The strong dependence of results on a limited number of events in the control group prevents drawing firm conclusions about CP efficacy from this trial. (Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III; NCT04345523). url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.26.20182444v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182444 id: cord-355102-jcyq8qve author: Avila, Eduardo title: Hemogram data as a tool for decision-making in COVID-19 management: applications to resource scarcity scenarios date: 2020-06-29 words: 4768.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355102-jcyq8qve.txt summary: PURPOSE: This work describes a machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data performed in symptomatic patients and how they can be used to predict qRT-PCR test results. METHODS: Hemogram exams data from 510 symptomatic patients (73 positives and 437 negatives) were used to model and predict qRT-PCR results through Naïve-Bayes algorithms. In order to evaluate the adequacy and generalization power of the proposed model, as well as its tolerance to handle samples containing missing data (i.e., at least one variable with no informed values), an additional set of 92 samples (10 positives for COVID-19 and 82 negatives) was obtained from the patient database. When no clinical or medical data is available, or when decisions regarding resource management involving multiple symptomatic patients are necessary, the model can be used in multiple individuals simultaneously, aiming to identify those with higher probabilities of presenting positive qRT-PCR results. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemics has challenged emergency response systems worldwide, with widespread reports of essential services breakdown and collapse of health care structure. A critical element involves essential workforce management since current protocols recommend release from duty for symptomatic individuals, including essential personnel. Testing capacity is also problematic in several countries, where diagnosis demand outnumbers available local testing capacity. PURPOSE: This work describes a machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data performed in symptomatic patients and how they can be used to predict qRT-PCR test results. METHODS: Hemogram exams data from 510 symptomatic patients (73 positives and 437 negatives) were used to model and predict qRT-PCR results through Naïve-Bayes algorithms. Different scarcity scenarios were simulated, including symptomatic essential workforce management and absence of diagnostic tests. Adjusts in assumed prior probabilities allow fine-tuning of the model, according to actual prediction context. RESULTS: Proposed models can predict COVID-19 qRT-PCR results in symptomatic individuals with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, yielding a 100% sensitivity and 22.6% specificity with a prior of 0.9999; 76.7% for both sensitivity and specificity with a prior of 0.2933; and 0% sensitivity and 100% specificity with a prior of 0.001. Regarding background scarcity context, resources allocation can be significantly improved when model-based patient selection is observed, compared to random choice. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning models can be derived from widely available, quick, and inexpensive exam data in order to predict qRT-PCR results used in COVID-19 diagnosis. These models can be used to assist strategic decision-making in resource scarcity scenarios, including personnel shortage, lack of medical resources, and testing insufficiency. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9482 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9482 id: cord-299346-f13xly6q author: Awad, Mohamed E. title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 4216.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299346-f13xly6q.txt summary: title: Perioperative Considerations in Urgent Surgical Care of Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Orthopaedic Patients: Operating Room Protocols and Recommendations in the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. HCPs in high-risk areas should adhere to infection prevention and control practices, which includes the appropriate use of engineering controls (negative pressure rooms), administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) ( 6 Per CDC recommendations, a clinically suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 patient should wear a cloth face covering, over nose, and mouth and a surgical mask should be reserved for HCP and first responders. It is recommended for an environmental services worker to increase the Flowchart demonstrating the the recommended use of personal protective equipment for different activities at various settings managing suspected/clinically Coronavirus disease 2019 patients. abstract: By April 7, 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was responsible for 1,383,436 confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), involving 209 countries around the world; 378,881 cases have been confirmed in the United States. During this pandemic, the urgent surgical requirements will not stop. As an example, the most recent Centers of Disease Control and Prevention reports estimate that there are 2.8 million trauma patients hospitalized in the United States. These data illustrate an increase in the likelihood of encountering urgent surgical patients with either clinically suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the near future. Preparation for a pandemic involves considering the different levels in the hierarchy of controls and the different phases of the pandemic. Apart from the fact that this pandemic certainly involves many important health, economic, and community ramifications, it also requires several initiatives to mandate what measures are most appropriate to prepare for mitigating the occupational risks. This article provides evidence-based recommendations and measures for the appropriate personal protective equipment for different clinical and surgical activities in various settings. To reduce the occupational risk in treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 urgent orthopaedic patients, recommended precautions and preventive actions (triage area, ED consultation room, induction room, operating room, and recovery room) are reviewed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32282441/ doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00227 id: cord-346247-5jwbg6bc author: Awasthi, Amit title: Statistical interpretation of environmental influencing parameters on COVID-19 during the lockdown in Delhi, India date: 2020-09-25 words: 3962.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346247-5jwbg6bc.txt summary: In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. To predict the future scenario of COVID-19, this is not appropriate to use an exponential equation, because an exponential growth represents a continuous increase, whereas in the pandemic scenario, the number of cases will indeed increase rapidly up to certain days or months, afterward the value will start to decrease after forming a peak. ;R 2 = 0.997 Fig. 5 Daily variation in confirmed COVID-19 cases the fitted GM, it is predicted that the maximum number of cases is observed during the time range of 166.15 ± 36 days. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease is known as COVID-19, which is declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization during March 2020. In this study, the COVID-19 connection with various weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity is investigated and the future scenario of COVID-19 is predicted based on the Gaussian model (GM). This study is conducted in Delhi, the capital city of India, during the lowest mobility rate due to strict lockdown nationwide for about two months from March 15 to May 17, 2020. Spearman correlation is applied to obtain the interconnection of COVID-19 cases with weather parameters. Based on statistical analysis, this has been observed that the temperature parameter shows a significant positive trend during the period of study. The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 is fitted with respect to the number of days by using the Gaussian curve and it is estimated on the basis of the model that maximum cases will go up to 123,886 in number. The maximum number of cases will be observed during the range of 166 ± 36 days. It is also estimated by using the width of the fitted GM that it will take minimum of 10 months for the complete recovery from COVID-19. Additionally, the linear regression technique is used to find the trend of COVID-19 cases with temperature and it is estimated that with an increase in temperature by 1 °C, 30 new COVID-19 cases on daily basis will be expected to observe. This study is believed to be a preliminary study and to better understand the concrete relationship of coronavirus, at least one complete cycle is essential to investigate. The laboratory-based study is essential to be done to support the present field-based study. Henceforth, based on preliminary studies, significant inputs are put forth to the research community and government to formulate thoughtful strategies like medical facilities such as ventilators, beds, testing centers, quarantine centers, etc., to curb the effects of COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01000-9 id: cord-343082-46lo7xtx author: Awasthi, Ankit title: OUTBREAK of novel corona virus disease (COVID-19): Antecedence and aftermath date: 2020-07-25 words: 3945.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343082-46lo7xtx.txt summary: Studies also confirm that flu shots are not efficient in the fight against COVID-19 as the patients continue to suffer despite the treatment (https://www.wsj.com/articles/gilead-sciences-offers-experimental-drug-for-coronavirustreatments-testing-11580511519).In the meantime, Thai health officials claimed to have successfully handled the infection with acocktail of antiviral drugs that include lopinavir and ritonavir under the name "Kaetra" along with flu medication oseltamivir. In 2016, this drug was used as an emergency aid for the Ebola virus outbreak.A clinical trial involving 80 participants (in Shenzhen city) demonstrated chest symptoms improvement in patients of COVID-19 treated with favipiravir. Favipiravirhas been reported to be effective, without any obvious side-effects, in helping coronavirus patients recover.In another study carried out in China, two mild and two severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia patients were treated with combined Western and Chinese medicine treatment (Lopinavir/ritonavir/arbidol/ShufengJiedu Capsule). In recent clinical studies the use of steroidal drug Dexamethasone has been very effective to treat patients suffering from COVID-19. abstract: Outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in mid of December 2019 and spread very rapidly across the globe within a month of its outbreak. Researchers all across the globe started working to find out its possible treatments. However, most of initiatives taken were based on various hypotheses and till date no successful treatments have been achieved. Some strategies adopted by China where existing antiviral therapy was initially used to treat COVID-19 have not given very successful results. Researchers from Thailand explored the use of combination of anti-influenza drugs such as Oseltamivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir to treat it. In some cases, combination therapy of antiviral drugs with chloroquine showed better action against COVID-19. Some of the clinical studies showed very good effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19, however, they were not recommended due to serious clinical toxicity. In some cases, use of rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil was found very effective.In some of the countries, antibody-based therapies have proved fairly successful. The use of BCG vaccines came in light; however, they were not found successful due to lack of full-proof mechanistic studies. In Israel as well as in other developed countries, pluristems allogeneic placental expanded cell therapy has been found successful. Some phytochemicals and nutraceuticals have also been explored to treat it. In a recent report, the use of dexamethasone was found very effective in patients suffering from COVID-19. Its effect was most striking among patients on ventilator. The research for vaccines that can prevent the diseaseis still going on. In light of the dynamic trends, present review focuses on etiopathogenesis, factors associated with spreading of the virus, and possible strategies to treat this deadly infection. In addition, it attempts to compile the recent updates on development of drugs and vaccines for the dreaded disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173381 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173381 id: cord-314002-zm02k9bw author: Ayanian, Shant title: The association between biomarkers and clinical outcomes in novel coronavirus pneumonia in a US cohort date: 2020-07-17 words: 2650.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314002-zm02k9bw.txt summary: Aim: To describe the association between D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, ferritin, LDH and the clinical outcomes in a cohort of 299 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients treated on the inpatient medical service at a university hospital in the District of Columbia (DC, USA). Threshold values for all biomarkers were found to be statistically significant and independently associated with higher odds of clinical deterioration and death. Conclusion: Laboratory markers of inflammation and coagulopathy can help clinicians identify patients who are at high risk for clinical deterioration in COVID-19. Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. • A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients were identified, their admission and peak biomarkers were extracted and the odds of adverse clinical outcomes were calculated. abstract: Aim: To describe the association between D-dimer, CRP, IL-6, ferritin, LDH and the clinical outcomes in a cohort of 299 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients treated on the inpatient medical service at a university hospital in the District of Columbia (DC, USA). Methodology/results: In this retrospective study, we included all laboratory confirmed COVID-19 adults admitted to the inpatient medicine service at the George Washington University Hospital between March 12, 2020 and May 9, 2020. We analyzed the association of biomarkers on intensive care unit transfer, intubation and mortality. Threshold values for all biomarkers were found to be statistically significant and independently associated with higher odds of clinical deterioration and death. Conclusion: Laboratory markers of inflammation and coagulopathy can help clinicians identify patients who are at high risk for clinical deterioration in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677844/ doi: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0309 id: cord-329293-jlrzu0wl author: Ayanlade, Ayansina title: COVID-19 and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: implications of lockdown during agricultural planting seasons date: 2020-09-14 words: 4107.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt summary: COVID-19 pandemic movement restrictions as part of the control measures put in place by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has implications on food security, as movement restrictions coincided with planting periods for most of the staple crops. This paper examines the potential impacts of COVID-19 movement restrictions on food security in SSA, focusing on the effects on planting days (season) for major staple crops, including effects through restricted access to important farm inputs. While SSA countries have very high potential for maize and rice production (Fig. 2) , the impacts of climate change [44] [45] [46] and recent locust invasion 47, 48 coupled with COVID-19 movement restrictions are likely to reduce the production potential 49 . Climate change and variability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review of current and future trends and impacts on agriculture and food security abstract: COVID-19 pandemic movement restrictions as part of the control measures put in place by countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has implications on food security, as movement restrictions coincided with planting periods for most of the staple crops. The measures are affecting important staple crops in SSA, and are likely to exacerbate food security challenges in many countries. Achieving adequate food supply in SSA requires developing better policies and packages to confronting the challenge of reducing hunger post COVID-19 pandemic. The lessons learned after COVID-19 crisis will be very important for African countries to rethink their strategies and policies for sustainable economic growth, as COVID-19 many have significant impacts on all sectors of their economies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015370/ doi: 10.1038/s41538-020-00073-0 id: cord-311495-svgw59ic author: Ayati, Nayyereh title: Short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector date: 2020-07-03 words: 3534.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311495-svgw59ic.txt summary: This pandemic had major effects on the health market, the pharmaceutical sector, and was associated with considerable impacts; which may appear in short and long-term time-horizon and need identification and appropriate planning to reduce their socio-economic burden. In addition, industry growth slow-down, approval delays, moving towards self-sufficiency in pharm-production supply chain and trend changes in consumption of health-market products along with ethical dilemma could be anticipated as long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmaceutical sector in both global and local levels. CONCLUSION: The pandemic of COVID-19 poses considerable crisis on the health markets, including the pharmaceutical sector; and identification of these effects, may guide policy-makers towards more evidence-informed planning to overcome accompanying challenges. Current short-communication study assessed pharmaceutical market crisis during the COVID-19 era; discussing shortand long-term impacts of the pandemic on pharmaceutical market natural flow and regulations, first at the global and then at Iran''s national level as a case in point for developing countries. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a global pandemic by the WHO on March 11th, 2020. This pandemic had major effects on the health market, the pharmaceutical sector, and was associated with considerable impacts; which may appear in short and long-term time-horizon and need identification and appropriate planning to reduce their socio-economic burden. OBJECTIVES: Current short communication study assessed pharmaceutical market crisis during the COVID-19 era; discussing short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic on the pharmaceutical sector. RESULTS: Short-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic includes demand changes, regulation revisions, research and development process changes and the shift towards tele-communication and tele-medicine. In addition, industry growth slow-down, approval delays, moving towards self-sufficiency in pharm-production supply chain and trend changes in consumption of health-market products along with ethical dilemma could be anticipated as long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmaceutical sector in both global and local levels. CONCLUSION: The pandemic of COVID-19 poses considerable crisis on the health markets, including the pharmaceutical sector; and identification of these effects, may guide policy-makers towards more evidence-informed planning to overcome accompanying challenges. [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617864/ doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00358-5 id: cord-274545-r03g7w0b author: Ayele Mega, Teshale title: The Outcome of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 words: 6277.0 sentences: 376.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt summary: In this open-label non-randomized clinical trial, a total of 20 patients were treated with HCQ at a dose of 200 mg three times daily for 10 days, and the data showed a significant reduction in viral carriage at day 6 post-inclusion compared to controls (70.0% clearance by day 6 vs. e outcomes assessed with double-arm studies include virologic efficacy [8, 20, 21] , clinical efficacy (mortality [4, 8, 13, 14, 30, 31] and disease progression [4, 8, 13, 14, 22, 31, 32] ), safety (risk of adverse effects) [8, [20] [21] [22] , and tolerability and QT prolongation [14, 26, 34] . e data from four controlled clinical trials [8, [20] [21] [22] of 278 COVID-19 patients (141 HCQ and 137 from the non-HCQ group) were included to assess overall adverse effects (except QTc prolongation) among HCQ-exposed patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in an unprecedented public health challenge worldwide. Despite urgent and extensive global efforts, the existing evidence is inconclusive regarding the medications used for the treatment of COVID-19. PURPOSE: To generate an up-to-date evidence for the clinical safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with or without azithromycin (AZ) among patients treated for COVID-19. Data Source. PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, LITCOVID, Web of Science, SCOPUS, BioRxiv, Embase, MedRxiv, and Wiley online library were searched from 2019/12/30 to 2020/05/23. Study Selection. Three investigators assessed the quality of the studies. Data Extraction. Data about study characteristics, effect estimates, and the quality of the studies were extracted by two independent reviewers and cross-checked by the third reviewer. Data Synthesis. The data of 6,782 (HCQ group, 3623; HCQ + AZ group, 1,020; control group, 2139) participants were included. HCQ was compared with standard care for virologic efficacy, disease progression, mortality, and adverse effects. HCQ was also compared with HCQ + AZ for QTc prolongation, admission to the intensive care unit, and mortality. The study found HCQ did not alter the rate of virologic cure (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.39–1.56) and the risk of mortality (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.66–2.39). The pooled prevalence for mortality was 5.8% (95% CI: 0.9%–10.8%). Moreover, HCQ did not impact disease progression (OR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.36–2.29) but resulted in a higher risk of adverse effects (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.15–4.8). HCQ was also compared against HCQ + AZ, and no difference was observed in QTc prolongation above 500 ms (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.54–2.28), admission to the intensive care unit (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.52–1.63), and mortality (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.55–1.43). However, in the analysis of single-arm studies, about 11.2% (95% CI: 7.0%–15.5%) of patients have developed an absolute increase of QTc greater than 500 ms, and 4.1% (95% CI: 1.1%–7.1%) of patients discontinued their medication. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis and systematic review, which included a limited number of poorly designed studies of patients with COVID-19, revealed HCQ is intolerable, unsafe, and not efficacious. Similarly, HCQ + AZ combination was not different from HCQ alone in curbing mortality and ICU admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082891/ doi: 10.1155/2020/4312519 id: cord-275041-fcdwitxy author: Ayerbe, Luis title: The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-30 words: 3258.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt summary: The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, heparin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Using limited evidence and clinical experience, doctors have treated COVID-19 patients with different drugs to eliminate or reduce the presence of the virus, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) [9] [10] [11] [12] . The association between treatment with HCQ and mortality was examined with four different logistic regression models: model one was adjusted for age and gender; model two included age and gender, together with temperature > 37 °C, and saturation of oxygen < 90% on admission, which were both associated with mortality in an exploratory analysis; model three had all the variables previously mentioned together with treatment with azithromycin, steroids, heparin, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir; finally, to account for the change in clinical management during the study period, model four was adjusted for all the previously mentioned demographic, clinical severity measures, and drugs, together with a categorical variable for date of admission (before the 10th of March, 11-20th of March, 20-31st March, 1st-10th of April, and 11-20th of April). abstract: This study investigates the association between the treatment with hydroxychloroquine and mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with COVID-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, heparin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1449 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 240 were still admitted, and 85 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow-up time was 8 (IQR 5–12) days. Hydroxychloroquine had been used in 1857 patients. Hydroxychloroquine was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI): 0.44 (0.29–0.67). This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen < 90% and temperature > 37 °C were added to de model with OR 0.45 (0.30–0.68) p < 0.001, and also when all the other drugs, and time of admission, were included as covariates. The association between hydroxychloroquine and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized-controlled trials to assess the causal effects of hydroxychloroquine in different therapeutic regimes are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997237/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02505-x id: cord-311970-o9xao5rl author: Ayerbe, Luis title: The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-05-31 words: 1856.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311970-o9xao5rl.txt summary: This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. This treatment can be associated with the clinical improvement of the patients, and decrease the duration of admissions and the mortality of Covid-19. This study investigates the association of the use of heparin with mortality in a large number of patients admitted with Covid-19. The administration of heparin was associated with lower mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. A recent observational study conducted in a hospital has also reported lower mortality among the 786 Covid-19 patients who received anticoagulation [13] . Randomized controlled trials are necessary to complement observational studies, and assess the causal associations between heparin, in different therapeutic regimes, and clinical outcomes. abstract: This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1447 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 201 were still admitted, and 126 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow up time was 8 (IQR 5–12) days. Heparin had been used in 1734 patients. Heparin was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.37–0.82) p = 0.003. This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen < 90%, and temperature > 37 °C were added to de model with OR 0.54 (0.36–0.82) p = 0.003, and also when all the other drugs were included as covariates OR 0.42 (0.26–0.66) p < 0.001. The association between heparin and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized controlled trials to assess the causal effects of heparin in different therapeutic regimes are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476080/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02162-z id: cord-275068-yr076sl6 author: Ayoub, Fares title: Football and COVID-19 risk: correlation is not causation date: 2020-09-03 words: 446.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275068-yr076sl6.txt summary: A recent 8 genome wide association analysis (GWAS) has implicated that blood group A patients had a higher risk 9 of severe COVID-19 compared to other blood types,[3] while other studies have found associations 10 between vitamin D levels/latitude, and Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine and mortality to 11 COVID-19. [4] Based on the results of these studies, shall we tell our blood group A patients to stay home 12 or tell everyone to take vitamin D or get vaccinated with BCG? [5] Low vitamin D levels have often been associated with a 16 higher risk of infections, but vitamin D supplementation has not been shown to prevent respiratory 17 1 impact journals during the pandemic, but it is important to remember that correlation does not equal 2 causation. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.034 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.034 id: cord-310042-9z8rkzq8 author: Aysha, Al‐Ani title: Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty date: 2020-07-12 words: 3471.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310042-9z8rkzq8.txt summary: This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting. A significant proportion of IBD patients are treated with long-term immunomodulator/immunosuppressive therapy which potentially places them at increased risk of infections and associated complications. Practitioners and patients alike are therefore concerned about the risk and implications of COVID-19 infection in the IBD patient, despite a paucity of evidence supporting an altered predisposition to disease or more severe disease course. Despite concerns regarding immunosuppression and consequent predisposition to infection, there is no evidence to suggest increased infection rates of COVID-19 in IBD patients to date. 8, 9 Hence, expert consensus currently is that patients with IBD do not appear to be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. 2 • Reducing disease activitythere is evidence that moderate to severe disease activity increases the risk of infection in IBD patients. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a public health emergency and challenged healthcare systems globally. In a minority of patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 manifests with a severe acute respiratory illness and currently there are insufficient data regarding the virulence of COVID‐19 in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Australasian setting. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14889 doi: 10.1111/imj.14889 id: cord-266643-53b0qdcl author: Ayyaz, Mahmood title: Combating COVID 19 in a public sector hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-10-22 words: 1740.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266643-53b0qdcl.txt summary: The first step that was taken by the administration was to ensure the safety of the healthcare personnelaccording to the guidelines issued by World Health Organisation 6 . In collaboration of the department of medicine and infectious diseases it was decided that the health care professionals in areas of high COVID-19 risk would perform duty for a week and then isolate for the next two weeks. Considering the extreme number of cases that were being reported all over the world along with the burden placed on the health care providers it was also expected that if only the medical and allied department were left to deal with this pandemic it would likely strain and break those standing against the disease. 16 On the orders of the Specialized Health care and medical Education department the task of setting up and managing a COVID-19 Care facility at Camp Jail was given to our institute. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120303964?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.041 id: cord-032276-bvbz94bi author: Azam, Gaousul title: Letter: Outpatient Consultation and Silent Transmission of COVID-19: Risk for the Neurosurgeon? date: 2020-09-05 words: 917.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032276-bvbz94bi.txt summary: Global neurosurgical initiatives need to be taken that could rise to the cause of providing essential and uniform neurosurgical treatment in order to avoid infection due to silent transmission. The whole world is trying to cope with the current global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and reduce infection spread not only among patients but also among treating neurosurgeons. Studies have found that the majority of incidences may be due to silent transmission from a combination of presymptomatic and asymptomatic infections. r self-check-in registration system with an automated slip for OPD patients; r patient consultation through telemedicine; r adequate PPE for both patients and health workers; r outpatient entry pass through adequate documentation of history of COVID-19 symptoms, exposure, and thermal scanning; r ensuring adequate availability of hand sanitizer and use during OPD entry; r strictly maintaining social distancing as much as possible; r using 0.23% povidone mouth wash and nasal drop before and after duty; r reducing exposure time with the patient; r ensuring a quality PPE disposal system; r avoidance of nonessential clinical exposure. Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499766/ doi: 10.1093/neuopn/okaa012 id: cord-310762-3clh1zv6 author: Azanza Ricardo, C. L. title: The Risk of Lifting COVID-19 Confinement in Mexico date: 2020-06-02 words: 1715.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310762-3clh1zv6.txt summary: In this paper, we projected different scenarios to evaluate sharp or gradual quarantine lifting strategies, however, even in the hypothetical scenario that Mexico would continue with full confinement, hospitals would be reaching the maximum capacity of hospital bed occupancy. Assuming the most optimistic scenario by our predictions, the smallest number of new COVID-19 cases, Mexico would require at least a 3 fold increase in hospital capacities dedicated for COVID-19. which is the peak infection phase, the central problem of pandemic surveillance is not to monitor the growth of In this work, we fit a derivation of the SEIR model for COVID-19 14 using data of the COVID-19 epidemic 30 in Mexico 12 as well as its public health capacities and demographic conditions 11 . With the progressing of information of COVID-19 pandemic as well as new data of infected cases in Mexico, 156 our predictions would be more accurate and hopefully less drastic scenarios. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has paralysed our societies, leading to self isolation and quarantine for several days. As the 10th most populated country in the world, Mexico is on a major threat by COVID-19 due to the limitations of intensive care capacities, and a total of about 1.5 hospital beds for every 1000 citizens. In this paper, we projected different scenarios to evaluate sharp or gradual quarantine lifting strategies, however, even in the hypothetical scenario that Mexico would continue with full confinement, hospitals would be reaching the maximum capacity of hospital bed occupancy. Mexican government is planning to relax the strict social distancing regulations on 1 June 2020, however, epidemic rebound risks are latent. Our results suggest that lifting social confinement needs to be gradually sparse while maintaining a decentralized region strategy among the Mexican states. To substantially lower the number of infections, predictions highlight that the elderly should remain in social confinement (approximately 11.3% of the population); the confined working class (roughly 27% of the population) must gradually return in at least four parts in consecutive months; and to the last the return of students to schools (about 21.7%). As the epidemic progresses, de-confinement strategies need to be continuously re-adjusting with the new pandemic data. Assuming the most optimistic scenario by our predictions, the smallest number of new COVID-19 cases, Mexico would require at least a 3 fold increase in hospital capacities dedicated for COVID-19. Furthermore, to observe the real dimension of the epidemic, Mexico would need to increase to at least 18 samples per 1000 people, currently is only 0.6 per 1000. All mathematical models, including ours, are only a possibility of many of the future, however, the different scenarios that were developed here highlight that a gradual decentralized region de-confinement with a significant increase in healthcare capacities is paramount to avoid a high death toll in Mexico. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20115063 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115063 id: cord-355039-qi4fwqbc author: Azar, William S. title: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other date: 2020-08-02 words: 7350.0 sentences: 392.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355039-qi4fwqbc.txt summary: In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The different studies presented suggest that patients with diabetes may not only be prone to a more severe COVID-19 disease, but also to an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Although plausible hypotheses for the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes and other chronic diseases like hypertension are still under investigation, ACE2 seems to play a key role in the association between COVID-19 and DM [60] (Table 1 ). suggested that higher ACE2 expression in the lungs increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection with more severe complications and was causally correlated with diabetes [68] . In this review, we describe three potential mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to a more severe COVID-19 disease, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. abstract: In light of the most challenging public health crisis of modern history, COVID-19 mortality continues to rise at an alarming rate. Patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be more prone to severe symptoms and appear to have a higher mortality rate. In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The worsened prognosis of COVID-19 patients with DM can be attributed to a facilitated viral uptake assisted by the host’s receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It can also be associated with a higher basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in patients with diabetes, which enables a hyperinflammatory “cytokine storm” in response to the virus. This review also suggests a link between elevated levels of IL-6 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and their role in exacerbating diabetes-induced complications and insulin resistance. If further studied, these findings could help identify novel therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with diabetes comorbid with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6 doi: 10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6 id: cord-342569-ja96xfns author: Azer, Samy A. title: COVID-19: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and Investigational therapeutics date: 2020-08-05 words: 2669.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342569-ja96xfns.txt summary: On 31 December 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organisation (WHO) an emerging of a novice coronavirus, currently the virus is known as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease name is coronavirus-19 disease (COVID19) , that has emerged in patients from Wuhan city, Hubel Province [1] . Recently it was debated that targeting the Notch signalling to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and interfering with the progression of COVID-19associated heart and lungs disease pathogenesis [13] . It is not clear whether the observed SARS-CoV-2-associated liver injury is cause by direct viral injury or related to hepatoxic drugs, coexisting systemic inflammatory changes, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ failure [18] . In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are infected with COVID-19, it is important to remember that two receptor proteins ACE-2 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are test can detect IgM, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the serum, plasma, and whole blood [23] . abstract: Abstract The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak started early in December 2019 in the Hubei province and its capital Wuhan of the People’s Republic of China and caused a global pandemic. The number of patients confined to this disease has exceeded nine million in more than 215 countries, and the number who died is over 480,600 (up to 25 June 2020). Coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and recently identified to cause the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most recently identified. Patients with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic. Typical symptoms including fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, have been reported—neurologically related symptoms, particularly anosmia, hyposmia, and dysgeusia, have also been reported. Physical examination may reveal a fever in over 44% of patients (and could be documented in over 88% of patients after admission), increased respiratory rate, acute respiratory disease, and maybe decreased consciousness, agitation, and confusion. This article aims at presenting an up-to-date review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and complications of COVID-19 infection. Currently, no therapeutics have been found to be effective. Investigational therapeutics are briefly discussed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2052297520300901 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100738 id: cord-297870-m7n43k4p author: Azevedo, Rafael Bellotti title: Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review date: 2020-07-27 words: 5108.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297870-m7n43k4p.txt summary: Moreover, as in other respiratory infections, preexisting CV diseases and risk factors can increase the severity of COVID-19, leading to the aggravation and decompensation of chronic underlying cardiac pathologies as well as acute-onset of new cardiac complications [3] , highlighting that myocardial injury can be present in approximately 12% of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection [1] . Within the CV manifestations of COVID-19, we can highlight four different aspects: (a) CV risk factors and established CV disease is associated with a worse prognosis, (b) appearance of acute CV complications in previously healthy individuals, (c) promising therapies with antimalarials and antivirals present important CV side effects, and (d) questioning the safety of the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors regarding an increased risk of COVID-19 [1] . abstract: Cardiac injury in patients infected with the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) seems to be associated with higher morbimortality. We provide a broad review of the clinical evolution of COVID-19, emphasizing its impact and implications on the cardiovascular system. The pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by overproduction of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) leading to systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acutely affecting the cardiovascular system. Hypertension (56.6%) and diabetes (33.8%) are the most prevalent comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19, who require hospitalization. Furthermore, cardiac injury, defined as elevated us-troponin I, significantly relates to inflammation biomarkers (IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), hyperferritinemia, and leukocytosis), portraying an important correlation between myocardial injury and inflammatory hyperactivity triggered by viral infection. Increased risk for myocardial infarction, fulminant myocarditis rapidly evolving with depressed systolic left ventricle function, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, and cardiomyopathies mimicking STEMI presentations are the most prevalent cardiovascular complications described in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 tropism and interaction with the RAAS system, through ACE2 receptor, possibly enhances inflammation response and cardiac aggression, leading to imperative concerns about the use of ACEi and ARBs in infected patients. Cardiovascular implications result in a worse prognosis in patients with COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of precocious detection and implementation of optimal therapeutic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719447/ doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-0387-4 id: cord-344185-jz6ui4w3 author: Aziz, Aleha title: Building an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Tertiary Hospital and Selected Maternal-Fetal and Delivery Considerations date: 2020-07-24 words: 4146.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344185-jz6ui4w3.txt summary: Integrating our OBICU into the high-risk space on Labor and Delivery not only preserved the advantage of close proximity to the obstetrical operating rooms, in case of urgent surgery for maternal or fetal indications, but also allowed our team to care for the majority of our obstetrical patientsincluding critically ill COVID-19 infected antepartum or postpartum women -while alleviating some of the burden on the existing medical and surgical ICUs. The first challenge, given the specific concerns of the pandemic, was ensuring that each pod was converted into a room with negative pressure ventilation so that aerosol-generating procedures (AGP) that may be needed in obstetric patients with severe COVID-19 infection, such as nebulizer treatments, high flow nasal oxygen delivery, bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, and tracheal intubation could be performed without increasing the exposure risk for healthcare providers or the other patients and staff in the vicinity. abstract: During the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, New York City became an international epicenter for this highly infectious respiratory virus. In anticipation of the unfortunate reality of community spread and high disease burden, the Anesthesia and Obstetrics and Gynecology departments at NewYork-Presbyterian / Columbia University Irving Medical Center, an academic hospital system in Manhattan, created an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit on Labor and Delivery to defray volume from the hospital's preexisting intensive care units. Its purpose was threefold: (1) to accommodate the anticipated influx of critically ill pregnant and postpartum patients due to novel coronavirus, (2) to care for critically ill obstetric patients who would previously have been transferred to a non-obstetric intensive care unit, and (3) to continue caring for our usual census of pregnant and postpartum patients, who are novel Coronavirus negative and require a higher level of care. In this chapter, we share key operational details for the conversion of a non-intensive care space into an obstetric intensive care unit, with an emphasis on the infrastructure, personnel and workflow, as well as the goals for maternal and fetal monitoring. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0146000520300811 doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151298 id: cord-286957-qmh35xyy author: Aziz, Muhammad title: The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 words: 2411.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286957-qmh35xyy.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The presence of olfactory dysfunction or "loss of smell" has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of "loss of smell" in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity. All studies reporting the prevalence of "loss of smell" (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction or "loss of smell" is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis of available studies to evaluate the prevalence of "loss of smell" in COVID-19 and its utility as a prognostic indicator. As demonstrated in our study, "loss of smell" was associated with somewhat favorable prognosis of the disease and hence careful screening should be undertaken to identify potential patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity. METHODS: An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6(th), 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48). CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002962920304274 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.017 id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 words: 4309.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt summary: Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has created a need to identify potential predictors of severe disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated for proportional and continuous outcomes using a random-effect model. For each outcome, a 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value were generated. RESULTS: A total of 83 studies (26912 patients, mean age 43.5±16.4 years, 48.2% female) were included. Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19 included the presence of diarrhea (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.03; P=0.01), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 4.00, 95%CI 3.02-5.28; P<0.001), and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.91-3.37; P<0.001). Significantly higher levels of mean AST (MD 14.78 U/L, 95%CI 11.70-17.86 U/L; P<0.001), ALT (MD 11.87 U/L, 95%CI 9.23-14.52 U/L; P<0.001), and total bilirubin (MD 2.08 mmol/L, 95%CI 1.36-2.80 mmol/L; P<0.001) were observed in the severe COVID-19 group compared to non-severe COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms and biomarkers should be assessed early to recognize severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162738/ doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 id: cord-333483-nr0akd7k author: Aziz, R. title: Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit date: 2020-09-26 words: 1114.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333483-nr0akd7k.txt summary: title: Essential notes: The use of Lung Ultrasound for COVID-19 in the intensive care unit Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamic technique routinely used in intensive care to answer targeted questions and aid in practical procedures. In this article we explore the use of LUS specifically in critically ill patients with COVID -19, outlining both essential aspects for new practitioners of LUS and points of high diagnostic yield. There is currently no validated systematic approach for performing LUS in patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis, although the Intensive Care Society has made some recommendations. We believe the following key points determine the highest yield approach to LUS in patients with COVID-19: This ''telemedicine'' approach is used extensively in providing ultrasound training to front-line providers throughout the world and could also be used for patients with COVID-19. Figure 1A is from a patient with known COVID-19 pulmonary disease. Practical approach to lung ultrasound abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2020.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.bjae.2020.09.001 id: cord-332153-fczf3lzc author: Azkur, Ahmet Kursat title: Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 6181.0 sentences: 439.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332153-fczf3lzc.txt summary: In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus‐specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross‐reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral‐load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID‐19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. abstract: As a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID‐19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals.In the majority of the patients, a one‐week, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing anti‐viral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus‐specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross‐reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral‐load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID‐19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine‐secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of with contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome and novel approachs to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396996/ doi: 10.1111/all.14364 id: cord-257603-ov0b8yub author: Azlan, Arina Anis title: Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia date: 2020-05-21 words: 4685.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257603-ov0b8yub.txt summary: To measure practices, participants were asked yes/no questions on whether they had avoided going to crowded places such as weddings; wore a face mask when leaving home; and whether they practiced proper hand hygiene in the week before the movement control order (MCO). The first question asked whether or not they agreed that the COVID-19 situation would be successfully controlled; second, whether they thought Malaysia would be able to win its battle against the virus; and third, whether they thought the Malaysian government was handling the health crisis well [Fig 1] . Practices toward COVID-19 were measured using three questions enquiring on: 1) avoidance of crowded places, 2) wearing of face masks; and 3) practising proper hand hygiene in the week before the Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in Malaysia [Fig 2] . Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 in Malaysia residents in the Eastern region and retirees were among the highest percentage of participants who had not practised good hand hygiene in the week before the MCO. abstract: In an effort to mitigate the outbreak of COVID-19, many countries have imposed drastic lockdown, movement control or shelter in place orders on their residents. The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is highly dependent on cooperation and compliance of all members of society. The knowledge, attitudes and practices people hold toward the disease play an integral role in determining a society’s readiness to accept behavioural change measures from health authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge levels, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among the Malaysian public. A cross-sectional online survey of 4,850 Malaysian residents was conducted between 27(th) March and 3(rd) April 2020. The survey instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, 13 items on knowledge, 3 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices, modified from a previously published questionnaire on COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 80.5%. Most participants held positive attitudes toward the successful control of COVID-19 (83.1%), the ability of Malaysia to conquer the disease (95.9%) and the way the Malaysian government was handling the crisis (89.9%). Most participants were also taking precautions such as avoiding crowds (83.4%) and practising proper hand hygiene (87.8%) in the week before the movement control order started. However, the wearing of face masks was less common (51.2%). This survey is among the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The results highlight the importance of consistent messaging from health authorities and the government as well as the need for tailored health education programs to improve levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233668 id: cord-254287-8q2gdy5n author: Azoulay, Elie title: International variation in the management of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-05 words: 1321.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254287-8q2gdy5n.txt summary: Respondents (median 45 years [IQR, 39-53], 34% women) were from Middle Europe (25%), South Europe (23%), the United Kingdom (UK) (12%), South America (9%), North Europe (8.1%), Eastern Europe (5.3%), Middle-East (5%), North America (4.7%), Asia (3.3%), India (2.7%), Australia-New Zealand (1.3%), or Africa (0.6%); 54% were living in a large city (> 1 million inhabitants), and 55% were working in university-affiliated hospitals. For instance, prone positioning was performed in 70-85% of the cases in Asia, India, Eastern Europe, Middle Europe, South America, South Europe, and the UK, whereas Africa, Australia-New Zealand, Middle East, North America, and Scandinavia were in the 50-70% range (Fig. 3, P < 0 Antibiotic prescribing was routine for all patients in 44.2% of the respondents and biomarker-guided in 36.5%, without significant variation across regions. This survey highlights important practice variations in the management of severe COVID-19 patients, including differences at regional and individual levels. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little evidence to support the management of severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: To document this variation in practices, we performed an online survey (April 30–May 25, 2020) on behalf of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). A case vignette was sent to ESICM members. Questions investigated practices for a previously healthy 39-year-old patient presenting with severe hypoxemia from COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: A total of 1132 ICU specialists (response rate 20%) from 85 countries (12 regions) responded to the survey. The survey provides information on the heterogeneity in patient’s management, more particularly regarding the timing of ICU admission, the first line oxygenation strategy, optimization of management, and ventilatory settings in case of refractory hypoxemia. Practices related to antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory therapies are also investigated. CONCLUSIONS: There are important practice variations in the management of severe COVID-19 patients, including differences at regional and individual levels. Large outcome studies based on multinational registries are warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03194-w doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03194-w id: cord-317535-zep5axfo author: Azpiazu Landa, N. title: Ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke in patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-11-07 words: 1964.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317535-zep5axfo.txt summary: Coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes a worldwide syndrome called Covid-19 that has caused 5,940,441 infections and 362,813 deaths until May 2020. We present 2 cases of patients infected with severe Covid-19 that were hospitalized in the Reanimation Unit that presented cerebrovascular symptoms and died afterwards. We describe 2 cases of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the Resuscitation Unit who presented cerebrovascular involvement. After 15 days of respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, he was admitted to the Resuscitation unit due to acute respiratory failure that required orotracheal intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation and treatment with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg every 12 h for 11 days, methylprednisolone 125 mg every 24 h for 3 days, and tocilizumab 600 mg in a single dose. During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pathological involvement of the central nervous system. abstract: Coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes a worldwide syndrome called Covid-19 that has caused 5,940,441 infections and 362,813 deaths until May 2020. In moderate and severe stages of the infection a generalized swelling, cytokine storm and an increment of the heart damage biomarkers occur. In addition, a relation between Covid-19 and neurological symptoms have been suggested. The results of autopsies suggest thrombotic microangiopathy in multiple organs. We present 2 cases of patients infected with severe Covid-19 that were hospitalized in the Reanimation Unit that presented cerebrovascular symptoms and died afterwards. A high dose prophylaxis with antithrombotic medication is recommended in patients affected by moderate to severe Covid-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S234119292030144X doi: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.08.001 id: cord-317843-sp4nvbbh author: Azuma, Kenichi title: Impact of climate and ambient air pollution on the epidemic growth during COVID-19 outbreak in Japan date: 2020-08-12 words: 1403.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317843-sp4nvbbh.txt summary: Investigation of the potential association of the spread of the COVID-19 infection with climate or ambient air pollution could lead to the development of preventive strategies for disease control. To examine this association, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 28 geographical areas of Japan with documented outbreaks of COVID-19. The results revealed that the epidemic growth of COVID-19 was significantly associated with increase in daily temperature or sunshine hours. 8 We determined the association of epidemic growth with exposure variables using 9 univariate and multivariable analyses for 28 geographical areas, divided to five periods 10 from March 13 to April 6, 2020 with a longitudinal manner. In the multivariable 11 analyses, we examined the association of epidemic growth with exposure variables on 12 the regional climate or air pollutants, adjusting for male inhabitants, inhabitants aged 13 ≥65 years, urban density, taxable income, health expenditure, and life expectancy at 14 birth as the possible specified covariates. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide in the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a global crisis. Investigation of the potential association of the spread of the COVID-19 infection with climate or ambient air pollution could lead to the development of preventive strategies for disease control. To examine this association, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 28 geographical areas of Japan with documented outbreaks of COVID-19. We analyzed data obtained from March 13 to April 6, 2020, before the Japanese government declared a state of emergency. The results revealed that the epidemic growth of COVID-19 was significantly associated with increase in daily temperature or sunshine hours. This suggests that an increase in person-to-person contact due to increased outing activities on a warm and/or sunny day might promote the transmission of COVID-19. Our results also suggested that short-term exposure to suspended particles might influence respiratory infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Further research by well-designed or well-controlled study models is required to ascertain this effect. Our findings suggest that weather has an indirect role in the transmission of COVID-19 and that daily adequate preventive behavior decreases the transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0013935120309397 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110042 id: cord-355567-60sfv60p author: Azuma, Kenichi title: Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control date: 2020-11-03 words: 9229.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355567-60sfv60p.txt summary: Recently, 36 researchers insisted on the potential risk of indoor airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of sufficient and effective ventilation, particle filtration, and air sterilization as infection control measures inside buildings [43] . Therefore, the MHLW published a document titled "Prevention of the COVID-19 Clusters" Abbreviation: SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Fig. 1 Traditional Japanese office building HVAC systems: a a centralized HVAC system; and b a centralized ventilation system with an individual air-conditioning system on March 1, 2020 [94] , showing the need for adequate ventilation in buildings because a ventilation standard for infection control has not been established in general buildings in Japan and the characteristics of indoor spaces where the clusters occurred might include poor ventilation and crowding. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily via respiratory droplets during close person-to-person contact in a closed space, especially a building. This article summarizes the environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including a strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a building environment. SARS-CoV-2 can persist on surfaces of fomites for at least 3 days depending on the conditions. If SARS-CoV-2 is aerosolized intentionally, it is stable for at least several hours. SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated rapidly on surfaces with sunlight. Close-contact aerosol transmission through smaller aerosolized particles is likely to be combined with respiratory droplets and contact transmission in a confined, crowded, and poorly ventilated indoor environment, as suggested by some cluster cases. Although evidence of the effect of aerosol transmission is limited and uncertainty remains, adequate preventive measures to control indoor environmental quality are required, based on a precautionary approach, because COVID-19 has caused serious global damages to public health, community, and the social economy. The expert panel for COVID-19 in Japan has focused on the “3 Cs,” namely, “closed spaces with poor ventilation,” “crowded spaces with many people,” and “close contact.” In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has been recommending adequate ventilation in all closed spaces in accordance with the existing standards of the Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings as one of the initial political actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, specific standards for indoor environmental quality control have not been recommended and many scientific uncertainties remain regarding the infection dynamics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed indoor spaces. Further research and evaluation are required regarding the effect and role of indoor environmental quality control, especially ventilation. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2 doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2 id: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author: Azzi, Lorenzo title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 words: 3510.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. At present, Real Time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory specimens represents the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 10 , 11 Sputum and oropharyngeal secretions have recently been suggested as a possible target for the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, 12 and salivary droplets represent the main source of the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection when social distance is less than 2 m. There were not significant differences regarding the clinical and anamnestic history between males and females, with the only exception of the values of serum LDH, which were higher in the female patients'' haematochemical analyses carried out on the day of saliva collection ( p = 0.025). abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. METHODS: Salivary samples of 25 COVID-19 patients were analyzed by rRT-PCR. The following data were collected: age, sex, comorbidities, drugs. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ultrasensitive reactive C protein (usRCP) values were registered on the same day when a salivary swab was collected. Prevalence of positivity in saliva and association between clinical data and the cycle threshold as a semiquantitative indicator of viral load were considered. RESULTS: Twenty-five subjects were recruited into this study, 17 males and 8 females. The mean age was 61.5 +/− 11.2 years. Cardiovascular and/or dysmetabolic disorders were observed in 65.22% of cases. All the samples tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, while there was an inverse association between LDH and Ct values. Two patients showed positive salivary results on the same days when their pharyngeal or respiratory swabs showed conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. The role of saliva in COVID-19 diagnosis could not be limited to a qualitative detection of the virus, but it may also provide information about the clinical evolution of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32298676/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.005 id: cord-302463-uw7xantz author: AĞALAR, Canan title: Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel date: 2020-04-21 words: 3814.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302463-uw7xantz.txt summary: During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) carries a high risk for society and healthcare providers (HCP) because it can be transmitted even when the disease progresses asymptomatically in some patients [1] . European Centre of Diseases and Prevention Control (ECDC) states that if there is a shortage of FFP2/FFP3, if the HCP will be in contact with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 case, if there is no risk of aerosol transmission, surgical masks (alongside eye protection, gown, and gloves) can be used. However, ECDC states that if the HCP will be performing procedures like sample collecting that will generate aerosol, they should use FFP2/FFP3 masks that provide high-level protection [7] . Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings abstract: In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient with known or suspected COVID-19, patient should also be known to be risky in terms of contamination, and a risk assessment should be performed for the procedures to be performed in laboratories. The PPE should be used in accordance with the procedure to be performed. The protection of the HCP, who sacrifice at the risk of life, is possible only by complying with infection control and precautions. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-132 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-132 id: cord-306108-ja0wyr5w author: B K, Anupama title: A Review of Acute Myocardial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-03 words: 4754.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306108-ja0wyr5w.txt summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 infection predominantly causes pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia and ARDS, the disease has also been associated with a variety of cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, heart failure, and venous thromboembolism [6] . Hence, one potential explanation for the higher likelihood of acquiring infection, and the increased risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with pre-existing CVD, maybe the elevated secretion of ACE2 in these patients, thus making them more susceptible to direct viral damage to cardiac myocytes [33] ; but, this has not yet been demonstrated in pathology studies. In a single-center, retrospective cohort study including 188 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, conducted to explore whether heart injury occurred during COVID-19 on admission and later increased mortality, approximately 11.2% of patients had high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-TnI) exceeding the clinical upper normal limit on admission. abstract: In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and it has spread rapidly across the world, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection predominantly results in pulmonary issues, accumulating evidence suggests the increased frequency of a variety of cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19. Acute cardiac injury, defined as elevated cardiac troponin levels, is the most reported cardiac abnormality in COVID-19 and strongly associated with mortality. In this article, we summarize the currently available data on the association of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 with acute myocardial injury. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642342/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8426 id: cord-342625-31fe1neb author: Baba, Hiroaki title: Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod treated with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-01 words: 1457.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342625-31fe1neb.txt summary: The patient who continued iguratimod therapy without dose reduction was treated with ciclesonide had an uneventful clinical course, but prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed after resolution of symptoms. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly across the world, yet investigations of in patients with rheumatologic disease taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive effects remain scarce [1] . Here we report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod, who had prolonged viral RNA presence. A woman in her 40s with rheumatoid arthritis treated with iguratimod 25 mg twice a day was admitted to Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) with primers that target the N2 gene of SARS-CoV-2 as described previously [2] from nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum. abstract: Abstract We report a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case with rheumatoid arthritis taking iguratimod. The patient who continued iguratimod therapy without dose reduction was treated with ciclesonide had an uneventful clinical course, but prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed after resolution of symptoms. The effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and ciclesonide on clinical course and viral shedding remain unknown and warrant further investigation. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.022 doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.022 id: cord-268622-3jireyep author: Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi title: The expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 determines the severity of COVID-19: lung and heart tissue as targets date: 2020-06-01 words: 4071.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268622-3jireyep.txt summary: Researchers have reported some useful information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indeed, these outcomes have elucidated the principal mechanism that the oral cavity is basically in higher risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection and showed a piece of conformation for the ongoing inhibition approach in clinical implementation It has been also revealed that in addition to causing fever and respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 resulted in gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea, vomiting and some pains in abdominal part . Figure 2C also shows the SARS-CoV-2 infection-related sensitive organs which can explain about the non-respiratory symptoms identified in COVID-19 patients . According to a report from China, the fatality is observed in older people as well as patients with hypertension, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and CVDs. One of the most likely mechanisms by which COVID-19 can causes lung and cardiac damage is through the SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 receptors. abstract: Researchers have reported some useful information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have been performed in order to develop antiviral drugs, from which a few have been prescribed to patients. Also, several diagnostic tests have been designed to accelerate the process of identifying and treating COVID-19. It has been well-documented that the surface of host cells is covered by some receptors, known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which mediates the binding and entry of CoV. After entering, the viral RNA interrupts the cell proliferation system to activate self-proliferation. However, having all the information about the outbreakof the SARS-COV-2, it is not still clear which factors determine the severity of lung and heart function impairment induced by COVID-19. A major step in exploring SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis is to determine the distribution of ACE2 in different tissues . In this review, the structure and origin of CoV, the role of ACE2 as a receptor of SARS-COV-2 on the surface of host cells, and the ACE2 distribution in different tissues with a focus on lung and cardiovascular system have been discussed. It was also revealed that acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may result in the clinical severity of COVID-19. In conclusion, this review may provide useful information in developing some promising strategies to end up with a worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1767211 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1767211 id: cord-306835-juitltpi author: Babaei, Fatemeh title: Curcumin (a constituent of turmeric): New treatment option against COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-06 words: 6226.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306835-juitltpi.txt summary: The keywords used for the search were as follows: coronavirus-19, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, curcumin, Curcuma longa, turmeric, curcumin and antiviral, curcumin and anti-inflammatory, curcumin and antipyretic, curcumin and lung, curcumin and acute lung injury, curcumin and fatigue, curcumin and antioxidant, curcumin and ARDS, curcumin and bradykinin, curcumin and fibrosis, curcumin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), curcumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), curcumin and NF-κB, curcumin and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), curcumin and antiapoptotic. AA: arachidonic acid, ALI: acute lung injury, AP-1: activator protein 1, BK: bradykinin, ACE2: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Ang II: angiotensin II, ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome, Cas-3: caspase 3, COX: cyclooxygenase, CXCL: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand, 12-HPETE: 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, 12 LOX: 12-lipoxygenase, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PLA2: phospholipase A2, PG: prostaglandin, SMAD3: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-beta 1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TRPA1: transient receptor potential channel subfamily vanilloid member 1, TRPV1: transient receptor potential channel subfamily A member 1 mechanisms that curcumin may be useful to prevent or treat the ARDS. abstract: In late December 2019, the outbreak of respiratory illness emerged in Wuhan, China, and spreads worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) named this disease severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) caused by a new member of beta coronaviruses. Several medications are prescribed to patients, and some clinical trials are underway. Scientists are trying to find a specific drug against this virus. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis, clinical features, and current treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Then, we describe the possible therapeutic effects of curcumin and its molecular mechanism against coronavirus‐19. Curcumin, as an active constituent of Curcuma longa (turmeric), has been studied in several experimental and clinical trial studies. Curcumin has some useful clinical effects such as antiviral, antinociceptive, anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and antifatigue effects that could be effective to manage the symptoms of the infected patient with COVID‐19. It has several molecular mechanisms including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic properties with inhibitory effects on Toll‐like receptors, NF‐κB, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and bradykinin. Scientific evidence suggests that curcumin could have a potential role to treat COVID‐19. Thus, the use of curcumin in the clinical trial, as a new treatment option, should be considered. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133525/ doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1858 id: cord-326945-fvgc33qx author: Babapoor-Farrokhran, Savalan title: Cardiac Arrhythmias in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-11 words: 776.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326945-fvgc33qx.txt summary: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection has quickly spread across the world since it was officially reported in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019 and emerged as a global pandemic leading to significant morbidity, mortality, economic affliction, and social disruption. Their guidance on management of atrial fibrillation is similar as Additionally, the article discusses the common incidence of acute myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients, which can be a potential substrate for ventricular arrhythmia. The authors note that in comparison to the year prior there was an increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest observed during the pandemic [8] . New QT detection algorithms on mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry systems, and consumer heart rate and even oximetry monitors will likely change the approach for Ultimately, hindsight and retrospective analysis of the cardiac impact of COVID-19 will tell us if the standard treatments used for treating arrhythmias in other individuals were beneficial or detrimental to coronavirus patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2020.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.09.001 id: cord-297010-imciixde author: Babayeva, Mariana title: Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine date: 2020-10-23 words: 7080.0 sentences: 519.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297010-imciixde.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297010-imciixde.txt summary: 81 Similar doses of the two drugs produced 11-fold variations in the blood concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 47, 63, 82, 83 and in healthy volunteers, 52, 64 suggesting different extend of metabolism among individuals. Determination of CYP3A, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 polymorphism and, therefore, activity is important to establish safe and efficient dosing of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 patients. 125 Overall, the results suggest that CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP3A genetic polymorphisms may influence chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics and COVID-19 patients treated with the same dose of CQ or HCQ may exhibit lack of efficacy or adverse reactions. Despite the evidence of the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, no large pharmacogenomics studies have been conducted to provide guidance on the use, dosing, and duration of the therapy in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the etiological agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, COVID-19, the source and cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have gathered extraordinary attention as therapeutic candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infections. While there is growing scientific data on the therapeutic effect, there is also concern for toxicity of the medications. The therapy of COVID-19 by hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine is off-label. Studies to analyze the personalized effect and safety are lacking. METHODS: A review of the literature was performed using Medline/PubMed/Embase database. A variety of keywords were employed in keyword/title/abstract searches. The electronic search was followed by extensive hand searching using reference lists from the identified articles. RESULTS: A total of 126 results were obtained after screening all sources. Mechanisms underlying variability in drug concentrations and therapeutic response with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in mediating beneficial and adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were reviewed and analyzed. Pharmacogenomic studies from various disease states were evaluated to elucidate the role of genetic variation in drug response and toxicity. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is necessary for effective and safe dosing and to avoid treatment failure and severe complications. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s275964 doi: 10.2147/pgpm.s275964 id: cord-353844-yaueoq62 author: Bachanova, Veronika title: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 words: 6354.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353844-yaueoq62.txt summary: Two anti-CD19 CAR T-cell products are currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other international regulatory agencies: axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel; Yescarta Ò ; Kite/Gilead) for the treatment of adult relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [2] , and tisagenlecleucel (tisacel; Kymriah Ò ; Novartis Pharmaceuticals), both for adult R/R DLBCL [3] and pediatric R/R ALL [4] . Patients undergoing CAR T cell therapy are receiving potentially life-saving treatment; therefore, it is paramount to ensure the availability of tocilizumab to mitigate serious toxicity and the need for advanced supportive care measures. Although many clinical trials of unproven benefit are on hold during the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that rational studies of CRS prevention and treatment should continue because they may provide significant advantages to patients by improving safety, limiting the need for scarce intensive care support, and preserving a possibly limited supply of tocilizumab. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of cellular therapeutics, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. This impact has extended beyond patient care to include logistics, administration, and distribution of increasingly limited health care resources. Based on the collective experience of the CAR T-cell Consortium investigators, we review and address several questions and concerns regarding cellular therapy administration in the setting of COVID-19 and make general recommendations to address these issues. Specifically, we address (1) necessary resources for safe administration of cell therapies; (2) determinants of cell therapy utilization; (3) selection among patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; (4) supportive measures during cell therapy administration; (5) use and prioritization of tocilizumab; and (6) collaborative care with referring physicians. These recommendations were carefully formulated with the understanding that resource allocation is of the utmost importance, and that the decision to proceed with CAR T cell therapy will require extensive discussion of potential risks and benefits. Although these recommendations are fluid, at this time it is our opinion that the COVID-19 pandemic should not serve as reason to defer CAR T cell therapy for patients truly in need of a potentially curative therapy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1083879120302172 doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.04.008 id: cord-326348-3zc62lin author: Bachtiger, P. title: Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients date: 2020-06-06 words: 4204.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326348-3zc62lin.txt summary: title: Belief of Previous COVID-19 Infection and Unclear Government Policy are Associated with Reduced Willingness to Participate in App-Based Contact Tracing: A UK-Wide Observational Study of 13,000 Patients Objectives: To measure the determinants of willingness to participate in an NHS app-based contact tracing programme using a questionnaire within the Care Information Exchange (CIE) the largest patient-facing electronic health record in the NHS. Methods: Observational study of 47,708 registered NHS users of the CIE, 27% of whom completed a novel questionnaire asking about willingness to participate in app-based contact tracing, understanding of government advice, mental and physical wellbeing and their healthcare utilisation -related or not to COVID-19. Given this marginal level of support over an appropriate age range, the impacts of difficulty comprehending government advice and a policy of not testing to confirm self-reported COVID-19 infection during lockdown indicate that uncertainty in communication and diagnosis in adopted public health policies will negatively impact the effectiveness of a government contact tracing app. abstract: Background: Contact tracing and lockdown are health policies being used worldwide to combat the coronavirus (COVID-19). While easing lockdown, the UK National Health Service (NHS) launched its Track and Trace Service at the end of May 2020, and aims by end of June 2020 also to include app-based notification and advice to self-isolate for those who have been in contact with a person known to have COVID-19. To be successful, such an app will require high uptake, the determinants and willingness for which are unclear but essential to understand for effective public health benefit. Objectives: To measure the determinants of willingness to participate in an NHS app-based contact tracing programme using a questionnaire within the Care Information Exchange (CIE) - the largest patient-facing electronic health record in the NHS. Methods: Observational study of 47,708 registered NHS users of the CIE, 27% of whom completed a novel questionnaire asking about willingness to participate in app-based contact tracing, understanding of government advice, mental and physical wellbeing and their healthcare utilisation -- related or not to COVID-19. Descriptive statistics are reported alongside univariate and multivariable logistic regression models, with positive or negative responses to a question on app-based contact tracing as the dependent variable. Results: 26.1% of all CIE participants were included in the analysis (N = 12,434, 43.0% male, mean age 55.2). 60.3% of respondents were willing to participate in app-based contact tracing. Out of those who responded "no", 67.2% stated that this was due to privacy concerns. In univariate analysis, worsening mood, fear and anxiety in relation to changes in government rules around lockdown were associated with lower willingness to participate. Multivariable analysis showed that difficulty understanding government rules was associated with a decreased inclination to download the app, with those scoring 1-2 and 3-4 in their understanding of the new government rules being 45% and 27% less inclined to download the contact tracing app, respectively; when compared to those who rated their understanding as 5-6/10 (OR for 1-2/10 = 0.57 [CI 0.48 - 0.67]; OR for 3-4/10 = 0.744 [CI 0.64 - 0.87]), whereas scores of 7-8 and 9-10 showed a 43% and 31% respective increase. Those reporting an unconfirmed belief of having previously had and recovered from COVID-19 were 27% less likely to be willing to download the app; belief of previous recovery from COVID-19 infection OR 0.727 [0.585 - 0.908]). Conclusions: In this large UK-wide questionnaire of wellbeing in lockdown, a willingness for app-based contact tracing is 60% - close to the estimated 56% population uptake, and substantially less than the smartphone-user uptake considered necessary for an app-based contact-tracing to be an effective intervention to help suppress an epidemic. Given this marginal level of support over an appropriate age range, the impacts of difficulty comprehending government advice and a policy of not testing to confirm self-reported COVID-19 infection during lockdown indicate that uncertainty in communication and diagnosis in adopted public health policies will negatively impact the effectiveness of a government contact tracing app. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20120337 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20120337 id: cord-356284-n0dhv89q author: Bachtiger, Patrik title: Machine learning for COVID-19—asking the right questions date: 2020-07-10 words: 1455.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356284-n0dhv89q.txt summary: Among the principal diagnostic imaging modalities, both chest x-ray and CT have quickly produced a large amount of data on COVID-19, enabling the development of machine learning algo rithms, a form of artificial intelligence (AI). Similar, problem-focused applications of machine learning are now being implemented in the National Health Service, UK, including Microsoft''s InnerEye technology for radiotherapy planning to save time and Heart Flow''s machine-learning tool for 3D coronary modelling from cardiac CT, which provides decision support to clinicians assessing a patient''s need for coronary angiography. 4 However, for COVID-19, research questions risk focusing too much on generating novel machine learning models without fully considering its practical application and potential biases. Ideally, algorithms need to be trained on the full spectrum of disease, including asymptomatic and early-stage cases, if CT interpretation by machine learning can be applied to real-world data with confidence. 7 For COVID-19, training an algorithm to predict outcomes such as mortality, intensive care unit admission, or need for mechanical ventilation could have considerable clinical effect. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S258975002030162X doi: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30162-x id: cord-292462-zbjig3pt author: Backhaus, Andreas title: Common Pitfalls in the Interpretation of COVID-19 Data and Statistics date: 2020-06-07 words: 3163.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292462-zbjig3pt.txt summary: Daily data releases on confi rmed COVID-19 cases and deaths provide information on the course of the pandemic. In its simplest form, the case fatality rate divides the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 by the to-Forum hence be lower than the IFR (and the CFR). Recall that the computation of the CFR only requires the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 and the total number of confi rmed cases of infections with SARS-CoV-2. Italy and South Korea are among those countries that have published demographic characteristics of their confi rmed cases comparatively early and consistently over the course of the pandemic. Consequently, the IFR divides the total number of confi rmed deaths by COVID-19 by the total number of infections with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: Policymakers, experts and the general public heavily rely on the data that are being reported in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Daily data releases on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths provide information on the course of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536714/ doi: 10.1007/s10272-020-0893-1 id: cord-284756-jhwd6q0c author: Baddour, Khalil title: Potential impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on financial toxicity in cancer survivors date: 2020-04-28 words: 3599.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284756-jhwd6q0c.txt summary: Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 , cancer survivors (defined as such from the time of diagnosis) represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be disproportionately affected by financial burdens surrounding the pandemic. [13] [14] [15] Patients with cancer may take a "double hit" from both costs of cancer care and financial strains imposed by the pandemic related to (a) prolonged unemployment for both cancer survivors and their caregivers, (b) the possibility of additional disease burden from treatment delay or interruptions, and (c) increased risk of COVID-19 infection (and its resulting health consequences). Self-reported financial burden of cancer care and its effect on physical and mental health-related quality of life among US cancer survivors abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of COVID‐19, cancer survivors represent a particularly vulnerable population that may be “doubly hit” by both costs of cancer treatment and financial strain imposed by the pandemic. METHODS: We performed a review of the literature pertaining to cancer, financial toxicity, and economic challenges. RESULTS: Multiple societies have put forth recommendations to modify delivery of cancer care in order to minimize patient exposure to the virus. Cancer survivors, especially patients with head and neck cancer, have been disproportionately affected by rising unemployment levels and economic recessions in the past, both of which are linked to higher cancer mortality. Patients who rely on employer‐provided insurance and do not qualify for Medicaid may lose access to life‐saving treatments. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to implement interventions and policy changes in order to mitigate the effects of this pandemic but also to ensure this becomes a nonissue during the next one. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26187 doi: 10.1002/hed.26187 id: cord-266429-0xaz8kbs author: Bader, Feras title: Heart failure and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 words: 5003.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266429-0xaz8kbs.txt summary: A more recent large global observational study that included 169 hospitals from three continents and close to 9000 patients found coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure (mortality of 15.3%, vs. Pressure guide, physician-directed, patient self-management has been previously shown to not only reduce heart failure related hospitalizations but also lead to higher frequency of medication adjustments including neurohormonal antagonists [59] . When infected by the virus, immunosuppression may influence the typical clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients who are also heart transplant recipients, resulting in unusual symptoms such as gastrointestinal manifestations [65] . Reported cases from a European transplantation center showed that solid organ recipients with COVID-19 had a more severe clinical course and high complications rates when compared with the general populations [65] . Considerations for heart failure care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: Heart failure is a common disease state that can be encountered at different stages in the course of a COVID-19 patient presentation. New or existing heart failure in the setting of COVID-19 can present a set of unique challenges that can complicate presentation, management, and prognosis. A careful understanding of the hemodynamic and diagnostic implications is essential for appropriate triage and management of these patients. Abnormal cardiac biomarkers are common in COVID-19 and can stem from a variety of mechanisms that involve the viral entry itself through the ACE2 receptors, direct cardiac injury, increased thrombotic activity, stress cardiomyopathy, and among others. The cytokine storm observed in this pandemic can be a culprit in many of the observed mechanisms and presentations. A correct understanding of the two-way interaction between heart failure medications and the infection as well as the proposed COVID-19 medications and heart failure can result in optimal management. Guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure should not be interrupted for theoretical concerns but rather based on tolerance and clinical presentation. Initiating specific cardiac or heart failure medications to prevent the infection or mitigate the disease is also not an evidence-based practice at this time. Heart failure patients on advanced therapies including those with heart transplantation will particularly benefit from involving the advanced heart failure team members in the overall management if they contract the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720082/ doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10008-2 id: cord-256385-g1wcfrfi author: Badraoui, Riadh title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 6071.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256385-g1wcfrfi.txt summary: title: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19 A better understood of ARDS key features and the pathophysiological injuries of the pulmonary parenchyma are linked to lessons learned from previous severe diseases associated previous coronaviruses outbreaks (especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more the ongoing SARS-CoV-2. The novel coronavirus, finally named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, and it''s inducing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Gorbalenya et al., 2020; Khailany et al., 2020) . While SARS-CoV-2 induces mild symptoms in several infected patients (low pathogenic), it can also be associated with a fast onset of widespread infection in the lungs worsened in an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) . Lessons learned from previous severe diseases caused by coronaviruses outbreaks (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more recently SARS-CoV-2 lead to a better understood of ARDS key features associated COVID-19. abstract: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a form of respiratory failure in human. The number of deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing this severe pneumonia (ARDS) is relatively high. In fact, COVID-19 might get worsen in ARDS and provoke respiratory failure. A better understood of ARDS key features and the pathophysiological injuries of the pulmonary parenchyma are linked to lessons learned from previous severe diseases associated previous coronaviruses outbreaks (especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more the ongoing SARS-CoV-2. The ARDS mechanism includes a diffuse alveolar damage associated disruption of alveolar capillary membrane, pulmonary edema, damaged endothelium and increased permeability. A diffuse inflammation, with acute onset, on the lung tissue accompanied by release of biochemical signal and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6) leading to hypoxemia, low PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio and the chest radiological expression of bilateral infiltrates in ARDS. The ongoing outbreak could lead to a better understood of ARDS pathophysiology and prognostic. An overview is also highlighted about the seven coronaviruses proved to infect human especially those having ability to cause severe disease SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we focused on the major pathological mechanisms leading to the ARDS development as a result of viral infection, severe COVID-19 worsening. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32752936/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803139 id: cord-300246-fxqseibh author: Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title: Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 words: 1404.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt summary: The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. [16] Due to its promising results, chloroquine has been included in guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (sixth edition) published by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. In India, The National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. This short write-up explores the potential efficacy and established safety of chloroquine in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363157/ doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_141_20 id: cord-294788-9usyb1nn author: Baek, Woong Kee title: A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-05-03 words: 4459.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294788-9usyb1nn.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is suspected that the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like picture in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is precipitated and worsened by the excess monocytes in response to GM-CSF, which is released by rapidly activated CD4+T-cell lineage [17] . have reported that the cytokine profile and the trend of the inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients present similarly to the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whose severe clinical presentation is related to the cytokine storm [23] . There is no consensus yet on how to treat SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and severity. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Epub ahead of print) abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It spread to several countries across continents and infected more than one million people within three months. While there is no consensus on the treatment of the disease yet, understanding the virus and its transmission is a cardinal priority. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through bodily fluid. Upon inoculation, the surface enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a receptor protein for viral entry. The mean incubation period is 5.1 days, and infected individuals can exhibit a variety of symptoms from fever, cough, dyspnea, and respiratory failure to even multiorgan failure. Given the current situation, it is of paramount importance to understand the virus as thoroughly as possible. In this review, we discuss the background, epidemiology, possible pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic studies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also elaborate on the current research and evidence on treatment options and vaccine development based on the literature. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7943 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7943 id: cord-351918-pu7i1jfe author: Baek, Yae Jee title: A mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in a tertiary hospital and assessment of the effects of different intervention strategies date: 2020-10-26 words: 4902.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351918-pu7i1jfe.txt summary: The effects of different intervention strategies such as front door screening, quarantine unit for newly admitted patients, early testing of suspected infected people, and personal protective equipment for both medical staff and visitors were evaluated. The model suggested that the early testing (within eight hours) of infected cases and monitoring the quarantine ward for newly hospitalized patients are effective measures for decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 within a hospital (81.3% and 70% decrease of number of incident cases, respectively, during 60 days). Setting the population vector η as the number of staff, and the stabilized number of inflow and outflow to each department for visitors, we construct the WAIFW matrix, W, by assuming that it is proportional to the contact rate matrix [8, 9] : The diagram for the SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model with compartments of doctor, nurse, patient, and caregiver. abstract: Novel coronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2) can spread widely in confined settings including hospitals, cruise ships, prisons, and places of worship. In particular, a healthcare-associated outbreak could become the epicenter of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different intervention strategies on the hospital outbreak within a tertiary hospital. A mathematical model was developed for the COVID-19 transmission within a 2500-bed tertiary hospital of South Korea. The SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model with a compartment of doctor, nurse, patient, and caregiver was constructed. The effects of different intervention strategies such as front door screening, quarantine unit for newly admitted patients, early testing of suspected infected people, and personal protective equipment for both medical staff and visitors were evaluated. The model suggested that the early testing (within eight hours) of infected cases and monitoring the quarantine ward for newly hospitalized patients are effective measures for decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 within a hospital (81.3% and 70% decrease of number of incident cases, respectively, during 60 days). Front door screening for detecting suspected cases had only 42% effectiveness. Screening for prohibiting the admission of COVID-19 patients was more effective than the measures for patients before emergency room or outpatient clinic. This model suggests that under the assumed conditions, some effective measures have a great influence on the incidence of COVID-19 within a hospital. The implementation of the preventive measures could reduce the size of a hospital outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33104736/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241169 id: cord-258841-n55qp6ov author: Baena-Díez, Jose Miguel title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived date: 2020-08-07 words: 2685.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258841-n55qp6ov.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. The objective of this study was to analyse the di erences in COVID-19 age-standardized incidence rate by mean income of the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. The crude incidence rates were estimated per 10 000 individuals, assuming the age distribution (<25 years, ≥25 and < 40 years, ≥40 and < 65 years and ≥65 years) of COVID-19 cases in Barcelona was similar to that reported for Spain. The ecological analysis to assess case distribution by district found that the lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003) (Fig. 1 ). The incidence of COVID-19 presented an inverse socioeconomic gradient in the city of Barcelona according to average income by district. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. METHODS: We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho. RESULTS: The lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66–73) versus 28 (25–31), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776102/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa136 id: cord-328569-1lx3fkv3 author: Bagate, François title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-11-04 words: 3768.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328569-1lx3fkv3.txt summary: title: Rescue therapy with inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome BACKGROUND: In COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the relatively preserved respiratory system compliance despite severe hypoxemia, with specific pulmonary vascular dysfunction, suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for VA/Q mismatch, as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration. Some authors have hypothesized that potential relatively preserved respiratory system compliance (Crs) despite severe hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration [5] . Individual values of the ratio of oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction in arterial blood in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019, according to position (prone or supine) and administration of inhaled nitric oxide with or without almitrine. Correlations between respiratory mechanics and oxygenation response to the combination of inhaled nitric oxide and almitrine in ten patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019. abstract: BACKGROUND: In COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the relatively preserved respiratory system compliance despite severe hypoxemia, with specific pulmonary vascular dysfunction, suggests a possible hemodynamic mechanism for VA/Q mismatch, as hypoxic vasoconstriction alteration. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)–almitrine combination to restore oxygenation in severe COVID-19 ARDS (C-ARDS) patients. METHODS: We conducted a monocentric preliminary pilot study in intubated patients with severe C-ARDS. Respiratory mechanics was assessed after a prone session. Then, patients received iNO (10 ppm) alone and in association with almitrine (10 μg/kg/min) during 30 min in each step. Echocardiographic and blood gases measurements were performed at baseline, during iNO alone, and iNO–almitrine combination. The primary endpoint was the variation of oxygenation (PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio). RESULTS: Ten severe C-ARDS patients were assessed (7 males and 3 females), with a median age of 60 [52–72] years. Combination of iNO and almitrine outperformed iNO alone for oxygenation improvement. The median of PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio varied from 102 [89–134] mmHg at baseline, to 124 [108–146] mmHg after iNO (p = 0.13) and 180 [132–206] mmHg after iNO and almitrine (p < 0.01). We found no correlation between the increase in oxygenation caused by iNO–almitrine combination and that caused by proning. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study of severe C-ARDS patients, iNO–almitrine combination was associated with rapid and significant improvement of oxygenation. These findings highlight the role of pulmonary vascular function in COVID-19 pathophysiology. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150525/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00769-2 id: cord-265309-1su480xi author: Bagdasarian, Natasha title: A safe and efficient, naturally ventilated structure for COVID-19 surge capacity in Singapore date: 2020-06-24 words: 1214.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265309-1su480xi.txt summary: Here, we describe the design and function of a low-cost, naturally ventilated temporary structure to increase EMD capacity during the COVID-19 response in Singapore. A multidisciplinary taskforce was assembled to plan for surge capacity, with the intent to create an "EMD extension," a temporary outdoor facility to manage patients with suspected COVID-19 and relieve the pressure on the existing EMD isolation facilities. This report demonstrates the potential for an adapted structure to provide rapid, safe and effective surge capacity for the triage, screening and management of COVID-19 patients. This report, in conjunction with older studies recognizing the utility of natural ventilation, lends credence to the idea that low-cost, rapidly erected structures (ie, open-air tents, without HEPA filtration units) may be a solution to managing the surge of COVID-19 patients, particularly in low-income countries, or other areas with depleted medical capacity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32578525/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.309 id: cord-283409-ynwgdz52 author: Baggett, Travis P. title: Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-20 words: 1741.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283409-ynwgdz52.txt summary: INTERVENTIONS: We assessed daily symptom screening with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of screen-positives, universal PCR testing every 2 weeks, hospital-based COVID-19 care, alternate care sites [ACSs] for mild/moderate COVID-19, and temporary housing, each compared to no intervention. CONCLUSIONS & RELEVANCE: In this modeling study of simulated adults living in homeless shelters, daily symptom screening and ACSs were associated with fewer COVID-19 infections and decreased costs compared with no intervention. In addition, we provide details on the Clinical and Economic Analysis of COVID-19 interventions (CEACOV) model and management strategies for people experiencing sheltered homelessness. The effective magnitude of the transmission rate, however, changes over time as social interventions alter the daily average number of contacts between susceptible and infected individuals as well as the infectivity per contact. PCR-positive individuals with mild/moderate illness remain in temporary housing and are transferred to the hospital if they progress to severe or critical disease abstract: IMPORTANCE: Approximately 356,000 people stay in homeless shelters nightly in the US. They are at high risk for COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for COVID-19 management among sheltered homeless adults. DESIGN: We developed a dynamic microsimulation model of COVID-19 in sheltered homeless adults in Boston, Massachusetts. We used cohort characteristics and costs from Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program. Disease progression, transmission, and outcomes data were from published literature and national databases. We examined surging, growing, and slowing epidemics (effective reproduction numbers [R(e)] 2.6, 1.3, and 0.9). Costs were from a health care sector perspective; time horizon was 4 months, from April to August 2020. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Simulated cohort of 2,258 adults residing in homeless shelters in Boston. INTERVENTIONS: We assessed daily symptom screening with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of screen-positives, universal PCR testing every 2 weeks, hospital-based COVID-19 care, alternate care sites [ACSs] for mild/moderate COVID-19, and temporary housing, each compared to no intervention. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cumulative infections and hospital-days, costs to the health care sector (US dollars), and cost-effectiveness, as incremental cost per case prevented of COVID-19. RESULTS: We simulated a population of 2,258 sheltered homeless adults with mean age of 42.6 years. Compared to no intervention, daily symptom screening with ACSs for pending tests or confirmed COVID-19 and mild/moderate disease led to 37% fewer infections and 46% lower costs (R(e)=2.6), 75% fewer infections and 72% lower costs (R(e)=1.3), and 51% fewer infections and 51% lower costs (R(e)=0.9). Adding PCR testing every 2 weeks further decreased infections; incremental cost per case prevented was $1,000 (R(e)=2.6), $27,000 (R(e)=1.3), and $71,000 (R(e)=0.9). Temporary housing with PCR every 2 weeks was most effective but substantially more costly than other options. Results were sensitive to cost and sensitivity of PCR and ACS efficacy in preventing transmission. CONCLUSIONS & RELEVANCE: In this modeling study of simulated adults living in homeless shelters, daily symptom screening and ACSs were associated with fewer COVID-19 infections and decreased costs compared with no intervention. In a modeled surging epidemic, adding universal PCR testing every 2 weeks was associated with further decrease in COVID-19 infections at modest incremental cost and should be considered during future surges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32817967/ doi: 10.1101/2020.08.07.20170498 id: cord-304996-st1nn3pc author: Baggiani, Angelo title: Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Emergency: Experience from the Teaching Hospital of Pisa, Italy date: 2020-10-09 words: 3422.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304996-st1nn3pc.txt summary: In this case report, we aim to describe the key elements that have been identified and implemented in our center, a 1082-bed hospital located in the Pisa district, to rapidly respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in order to guarantee safety of patients and healthcare workers. Based on scientific data published since the start of the outbreak and previous experience from former outbreaks (SARS and MERS-CoV), the TF developed a technical procedure to face the pandemic, structured in five key domains: reorganization of hospital services, management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, management of corpses, guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, implementation of cleaning and disinfection procedures, and personal protective equipment. abstract: In Italy, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency took hold in Lombardy and Veneto at the end of February 2020 and spread unevenly among the other regions in the following weeks. In Tuscany, the progressive increase of hospitalized COVID-19 patients required the set-up of a regional task force to prepare for and effectively respond to the emergency. In this case report, we aim to describe the key elements that have been identified and implemented in our center, a 1082-bed hospital located in the Pisa district, to rapidly respond to the COVID-19 outbreak in order to guarantee safety of patients and healthcare workers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050318/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207376 id: cord-322796-ojfrvtuy author: Bagheri, S. H. R. title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak date: 2020-03-27 words: 2241.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322796-ojfrvtuy.txt summary: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 doi: medRxiv preprint Abstract Background Recent surge of olfactory dysfunction in patients who were referred to ENT clinics and concurrent COVID-19epidemic in Iran motivated us to evaluate anosmic/hyposmic patients to find any relation between these two events. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 doi: medRxiv preprint following the COVID-19 pandemic till now; the aim of present study is an assessment of the frequency of olfactory disorder and patients'' characteristics in our country. Participants were cases with problems in decreased sense of smell recently (the last month) invited to voluntarily respond to an online checklist, which was distributed in social The primary outcome of the study was anosmia-/-hyposmia of responders which measured by closed questions and scored by numerical scales at the commencement of their problem and its condition at the time of response to questionnaire. abstract: Background Recent surge of olfactory dysfunction in patients who were referred to ENT clinics and concurrent COVID-19epidemic in Iran motivated us to evaluate anosmic/hyposmic patients to find any relation between these two events. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with an online checklist on voluntary cases in all provinces of Iran between the 12th and 17th March, 2020. Cases was defined as self-reported anosmia/hyposmia in responders fewer than 4 weeks later (from start the of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran). Variables consist of clinical presentations, related past medical history, family history of recent respiratory tract infection and hospitalization. Results In this study 10069 participants aged 32.5 +/- 8.6 (7-78) years, 71.13% female and 81.68% non-smoker completed online checklist. They reported 10.55% a history of a trip out of home town and 1.1% hospitalization due to respiratory problems recently. From family members 12.17% had a history of severe respiratory disease in recent days and 48.23% had anosmia/hyposmia. Correlation between the number of olfactory disorder and reported COVID-19 patients in all 31 provinces till 16th March 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.87, p-Value<0.001). The onset of anosmia was sudden in 76.24% and till the time of filling the questionnaire in 60.90% of patients decreased sense of smell was constant. Also 83.38 of this patients had decreased taste sensation in association with anosmia. Conclusions It seems that we have a surge in outbreak of olfactory dysfunction happened in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanism of anosmia/hyposmia in COVID-19 patients needs further investigations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041889 id: cord-272828-13i2y9kc author: Bagheri, Seyed Hamidreza title: Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran date: 2020-06-15 words: 2408.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272828-13i2y9kc.txt summary: This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID19 epidemic. Participants were cases with decreased (hyposmia) or loss of sense of smell (anosmia) during the past 4 weeks, who voluntarily responded to the online questionnaire via the internet (go.irimc.org/smelltest). The primary outcome of the study was olfactory dysfunction of the responders at the onset of their problem and its condition at the time of their response to the questionnaire, which was measured by closed questions and scored by Likert scale. During March 2020, the number of patients with olfactory dysfunction was increased in different provinces of Iran, concurrent with COVID-19 epidemic. We encountered an outbreak of olfactory dysfunction in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic, which correlates with the number of patients infected with COVID-19 all over the country. abstract: Background: The occurrence of anosmia/hyposmia during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may indicate a relationship between coincidence of olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Methods: This population-based cross sectional study was performed through an online questionnaire from March 12 to 17, 2020. Cases from all provinces of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Patients completed a 33-item patient-reported online questionnaire, including smell and taste dysfunction and their comorbidities, along with their basic characteristics and past medical histories. The inclusion criteria were self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during the past 4 weeks, from the start of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Results: A total of 10 069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years took part in this study, of them 71.13% women and 81.68% nonsmokers completed the online questionnaire. The correlation between the number of olfactory disorders and reported COVID-19 patients in all provinces up to March 17, 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, P< 0.001). A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID19 epidemic. In addition, 80.38% of participants reported concomitant olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions. Conclusion: An outbreak of olfactory dysfunction occurred in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanisms by which anosmia/hyposmia occurred in patients with COVID-19 call for further investigations. url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.62 doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.62 id: cord-259869-kwzsdhrr author: Baghizadeh Fini, Maryam title: Oral saliva and CVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 2440.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259869-kwzsdhrr.txt summary: Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable. Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable in a dental office. The analysis of saliva in COVID-19 cases can help to explain the pathogenesis because epithelial oral cavity cells demonstrated ample expression of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor that plays a critical role in allowing SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cells [4] . SARS-CoV-2 in the lower and upper respiratory tract reaches the oral cavity along with the liquid droplets; SARS-CoV-2 in the blood may enter the mouth through the gingival crevicular fluid; and major and minor infection of the salivary gland, with the ensuing release of particles into the saliva through salivary ducts [7] . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Characterization of Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients. abstract: Outbreak pneumonia announced in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, had its causative factor classified as a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable. COVID-19 can be detected through salivary diagnostic testing which has lots of advantages for medical care professionals and patients. It should be noted that not only does saliva offer an ecological niche for the colonization and development of oral microorganisms, but it also prevents the overgrowth of particular pathogens such as viral factors. The aim of this study is to gather all the information about saliva and its association with COVID-19 for the whole health care professionals across the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104821 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104821 id: cord-289304-9srk0ohb author: Bagnato, Sergio title: Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 1723.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289304-9srk0ohb.txt summary: We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 . The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). In this report, we describe neurophysiological findings from a patient who developed severe muscular weakness, likely due to CIM, after hospitalization for COVID-19. The patient described here had myopathy, with greater involvement of the proximal muscles in the lower limbs, probably reflecting ICU-acquired weakness. Since rehabilitation programs can be effective to reverse muscle weakness caused by CIM, health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for patients requiring both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. abstract: We describe a patient who developed diffuse and symmetrical muscle weakness after a long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient underwent a neurophysiological protocol, including nerve conduction studies, concentric needle electromyography (EMG) of the proximal and distal muscles, and direct muscle stimulation (DMS). Nerve conduction studies showed normal sensory conduction and low-amplitude compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). EMG revealed signs of myopathy, which were more pronounced in the lower limbs. The post-DMS CMAP was absent in the quadriceps and of reduced amplitude in the tibialis anterior muscle. Based on these clinical and neurophysiological findings, a diagnosis of critical illness myopathy was made according to the current diagnostic criteria. Given the large number of patients with COVID-19 who require long ICU stays, many of these patients are very likely to develop ICU-acquired weakness, as did the patient described here. Health systems must plan to provide adequate access to rehabilitative facilities for both pulmonary and motor rehabilitative treatment after COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220306068 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.072 id: cord-266672-t85wd0xq author: Bagnera, Silvia title: Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a “new software score” in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients date: 2020-07-20 words: 3053.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266672-t85wd0xq.txt summary: title: Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a "new software score" in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of radiologists using a new software called "COVID-19 score" when performing chest radiography on patients potentially infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From February–April 2020, 14 radiologists retrospectively evaluated a pool of 312 chest X-ray exams to test a new software function for lung imaging analysis based on radiological features and graded on a three-point scale. To evaluate a new tool called "COVID-19 score" made available to radiologists for lung imaging analysis, we retrospectively included in the study patients who underwent at least two consecutive chest X-rays for a total of 312 exams. In this study, we tested a new software application called "COVID-19 score" that can be used in the reporting of chest X-ray imaging in patients suspected COVID-19, based on radiological semantic features. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of radiologists using a new software called “COVID-19 score” when performing chest radiography on patients potentially infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Chest radiography (or chest X-ray, CXR) and CT are important for the imaging diagnosis of the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). CXR mobile devices are efficient during epidemies, because allow to reduce the risk of contagion and are easy to sanitize. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From February–April 2020, 14 radiologists retrospectively evaluated a pool of 312 chest X-ray exams to test a new software function for lung imaging analysis based on radiological features and graded on a three-point scale. This tool automatically generates a cumulative score (0–18). The intra- rater agreement (evaluated with Fleiss’s method) and the average time for the compilation of the banner were calculated. RESULTS: Fourteen radiologists evaluated 312 chest radiographs of COVID-19 pneumonia suspected patients (80 males and 38 females) with an average age of 64, 47 years. The inter-rater agreement showed a Fleiss’ kappa value of 0.53 and the intra-group agreement varied from Fleiss’ Kappa value between 0.49 and 0.59, indicating a moderate agreement (considering as “moderate” ranges 0.4–0.6). The years of work experience were irrelevant. The average time for obtaining the result with the automatic software was between 7 s (e.g., zero COVID-19 score) and 21 s (e.g., with COVID-19 score from 6 to 12). CONCLUSION: The use of automatic software for the generation of a CXR “COVID-19 score” has proven to be simple, fast, and replicable. Implementing this tool with scores weighed on the number of lung pathological areas, a useful parameter for clinical monitoring could be available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754375/ doi: 10.25259/jcis_76_2020 id: cord-258304-86gqxajw author: Bahl, Prateek title: Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs date: 2020-09-18 words: 1553.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258304-86gqxajw.txt summary: title: Droplets and Aerosols generated by singing and the risk of COVID-19 for choirs The results of detailed particle tracking (in supplementary video) reveals that the maximum velocity of droplets expelled, specifically for certain syllables such as ''do'', ''fa'' and ''ti'', is approx. Figure 2c shows the velocity distribution of droplets that are visible while the subject was singing syllable ''sol'' & ''la'' and the direction in which these droplets are moving. Nevertheless, the droplets observed do not appear to be settling down rapidly and without adequate ventilation, these droplets can potentially saturate the indoor environment which can likely explain the very high attack rates of COVID-19 seen in choirs in the US and Europe (almost 87% in Skagit County, Washington) [1] . We note the present study only provides visual evidence of the droplets and aerosols expelled during singing and compare the associated velocities and directions with speaking and coughing. abstract: Choral singing has become a major risk during COVID-19 pandemic due to high infection rates. Our visualisation and velocimetry results reveal that majority of droplets expelled during singing follow the ambient airflow pattern. These results points toward the possibility of COVID-19 spread by small airborne droplets during singing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32945338/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1241 id: cord-350648-y0ufxwhq author: Bahn, Geon Ho title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, School Closures, and Children’s Mental Health date: 2020-04-01 words: 3945.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350648-y0ufxwhq.txt summary: The author briefly reviewed the existing literature on the mental health aspects of disasters and presents the issues related to school closures due to pandemics, from medical and socioeconomic perspectives and in terms of children''s mental health. The results of this review suggest that research on children''s mental health in relation to the adoption of school closures as a pandemic mitigation strategy is urgently needed. Although an examination of all obstacles and possible solutions may not be possible at the moment, this study reviewed the existing literature for methods (even temporary or incomplete ones) to address children''s mental health issues that are related to the COVID-19 outbreak and resultant school closures. Three topics regarding children''s mental health and school closures were examined in order to support children''s development during and after the COVID-19 outbreak: fear management, misinformation control, and strengthening resilience (Fig. 1) . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late December of 2019 is rapidly spreading across the globe. The South Korean government has ordered the closure of all schools, as part of its attempts to use social distancing measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The effects of the school closures on reducing contagion are generally positive; however, the measure is controversial because of the socioeconomic ripple effect that accompanies it. The author briefly reviewed the existing literature on the mental health aspects of disasters and presents the issues related to school closures due to pandemics, from medical and socioeconomic perspectives and in terms of children’s mental health. The results of this review suggest that research on children’s mental health in relation to the adoption of school closures as a pandemic mitigation strategy is urgently needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32595345/ doi: 10.5765/jkacap.200010 id: cord-297635-higq7wje author: Bahn, Kate title: A Feminist Perspective on COVID‐19 and the Value of Care Work Globally date: 2020-05-07 words: 2140.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297635-higq7wje.txt summary: The perceived low value of care work paid and unpaid -and women''s disproportionate responsibility in performing this work is an issue that has garnered long-term attention in the field of feminist economics, with valuable lessons for understanding how women are impacted by COVID-19 and mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout (Power, 2004) . The value of women''s paid and unpaid labor is increasingly apparent with the spread of COVID-19: as school close, the role of teachersdisproportionately womenand public education as a mechanism of support and care-giving for families is laid bare, as women working for pay scramble to arrange childcare. Because women bear responsibility for social reproduction, during crises they may face increased pressure to substitute unpaid work for lost income, for example taking care of an ill relative at home rather than taking them to a clinic (ILO, 2018). abstract: The shared response to the COVID‐19 crisis demonstrates that the vast majority of society believes human well‐being ‐ not economic growth ‐ should be at the center of policy. COVID‐19 exposes the foundational role of care work, both paid and unpaid, to functioning societies and economies. Focusing on "production" instead of the sustainable reproduction of human life devalues care work and those who perform it. Women's physical and mental health, and the societies that rely on them, are at stake. When these policies are formulated, the field of feminist economics has valuable lessons for mitigating hardships as countries navigate the related economic fallout. A comprehensive response to the COVID‐19 crisis must recognize this gendered work as an integral part of the economic system that promotes human well‐being for all. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12459 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12459 id: cord-030934-t7akdu6x author: Bahrami, Afsane title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review date: 2020-08-26 words: 6472.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030934-t7akdu6x.txt summary: The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. Bioinformatics analysis of the viral genome from one COVID-19 patient shared 89 and 82% sequence similarity with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 and human SARS-CoV, respectively [41] . In a recent report it was shown that SARS-CoV-2''s S-protein entry into 293/human ACE2 receptor cells is primarily mediated via endocytosis, and that PIKfyve, a TPC2 and cathepsin L are crucial for virus entry. Findings of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial among 22 infected patients indicated that hydroxychloroquine treatment significantly reduced viral load in COVID-19 cases and its effectiveness is promoted by azithromycin [99] . The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response abstract: The first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in December 2019. This virus belongs to the beta-coronavirus group that contains a single stranded RNA with a nucleoprotein within a capsid. SARS-CoV-2 shares 80% nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV. The virus is disseminated by its binding to the ACE2 receptors on bronchial epithelial cells. The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on a laboratory-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test together with chest computed tomography imaging. To date, no antiviral therapy has been approved, and many aspects of the COVID-19 are unknown. In this review, we will focus on the recent information on genetics and pathogenesis of COVID-19 as well as its clinical presentation and potential treatments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7451412/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0129 id: cord-317822-e4uhop4w author: Bahrami, Ahmad title: Hyperinflammatory shock related to COVID‐19 in a patient presenting with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: First case from Iran date: 2020-07-08 words: 1861.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317822-e4uhop4w.txt summary: A growing body of evidence from the UK, Europe and the USA suggests that a number of paediatric patients could present with fever, rash and shock with concomitant COVID-19 infection. Vital signs showed a temperature of 39.5 C, sinus tachycardia (165 beats/min), tachypnoea with normal Key Points 1 A growing body of evidence from the United Kingdom (UK), Europe, and the United States of America (USA) suggests that a number of paediatric patients could present with Kawasakilike symptoms such as fever, rash and shock with concomitant COVID-19 infection which has been referred to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). 2 The negative results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19 in a patient with high levels of serum IgG could suggest that the virus had been cleared and the presence of Kawasaki-like manifestations may be due to delayed immunemediated phenomenon caused by COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640066/ doi: 10.1111/jpc.15048 id: cord-032245-f5g3r3nv author: Bahri, Amrita title: Women at the frontline of COVID-19: Can Gender Mainstreaming in Free Trade Agreements Help? date: 2020-09-10 words: 7541.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032245-f5g3r3nv.txt summary: In doing so, the author sheds light on various ways in which the existing trade agreements embrace gender equality considerations and how they can be better prepared to help minimize the pandemic-inflicted economic loss to women. This article is not attempting to show how or why more working women than working men (in absolute numbers) can get affected due to this pandemic; this may not be the case as much more men than women are involved in the economies and hence men may be impacted more in absolute terms Moreover, we need sex-disaggregated data on the economic impact of COVID-19 to better understand its gendered impact. 6 This crisis presents a unique opportunity to build back the economy in an inclusive manner and explore how trade policies can contribute in this respect through existing and future free trade agreements (FTAs). First, the existing and future trade agreements between countries can increase trade flows and hence lead to more business and employment opportunities and a better standard of life for all including women. abstract: Health pandemics affect women and men differently, and they can make the existing gender inequalities much worse. COVID-19 is one such pandemic, which can have substantial gendered implications both during and in the post-pandemic world. Its economic and social consequences could deepen the existing gender inequalities and roll back the limited gains made in respect of women empowerment in the past few decades. The impending global recession, multiple trade restrictions, economic lockdown, and social distancing measures can expose vulnerabilities in social, political, and economic systems, which, in turn, could have a profound impact on women’s participation in trade and commerce. The article outlines five main reasons that explain why this health pandemic has put women employees, entrepreneurs, and consumers at the frontline of the struggle. It then explores how free trade agreements can contribute in repairing the harm in the post-pandemic world. In doing so, the author sheds light on various ways in which the existing trade agreements embrace gender equality considerations and how they can be better prepared to help minimize the pandemic-inflicted economic loss to women. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499601/ doi: 10.1093/jiel/jgaa023 id: cord-307329-gfwllo1r author: Bahtiyar, Mert Ozan title: Fetal Interventions in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic: Statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) date: 2020-04-26 words: 687.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307329-gfwllo1r.txt summary: Key words: fetal therapy, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, prenatal diagnosis, fetal intervention 44 to balance the risks and benefits of care provision, as we adapt our established practice in the 46 setting of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) pandemic 1, 2 . In an effort to balance these risks and to continue providing evidence-based fetal interventions 52 that reduce fetal morbidity and mortality, the North American Fetal Therapy Network 53 (NAFTNet, https://www.naftnet.org) suggests the following approach to fetal interventions in the 54 setting of COVID-19.* Prenatal care should be adjusted by optimizing appointment intervals, 55 patient self-assessment, such as home blood pressure monitoring, and the use of virtual 56 immediate intervention, and if the mother is stable, the procedure should be performed 120 using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002937820304737 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.025 id: cord-283764-qw8qhmv1 author: Bai, Hua title: Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-11-06 words: 2120.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283764-qw8qhmv1.txt summary: title: Efficacy of human coronavirus immune convalescent plasma for the treatment of corona virus disease -19 disease in hospitalized children: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis Therefore, this study further explores the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immune CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children. This meta-analysis will be the first study to evaluate whether human coronavirus immune CP therapy is effective and safe for children with COVID-19. [23] [24] [25] [26] This plan will evaluate whether the human coronavirus immune CP is effective and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 in children and provide more accurate and objective evidence for the clinic. Potential effective treatment for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of the severe infectious disease with convalescent plasma therapy Effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral infection resulting in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease has recently been designated by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic. Some doctors are using convalescent plasma (CP) therapies to treat COVID-19 patients. However, whether CP therapy is effective for children with COVID-19 remains controversial. Therefore, this study further explores the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immune CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children. METHODS: Comprehensively search the electronic databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang, and collect relevant documents. We will also look for other sources. All document sources will not be restricted by language and publication status. Two researchers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction and research quality assessment. RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: This study will provide high-quality comprehensive evidence for the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immuno CP in the treatment of COVID-19 in children CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will provide the basis for the effectiveness and safety of human coronavirus immuno CP treatment of COVID-19 in children. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020199410 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33157910/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022017 id: cord-350578-wyz5jyjh author: Bai, Li title: Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-12-31 words: 5447.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350578-wyz5jyjh.txt summary: 14 We aimed to apply the COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) medical technology to conduct clinical work during the COVID-19 epidemic, especially for outpatients, and quality control (QC) will assist the diagnosis and treatment, and achieve early identification, isolation, and treatment of patients with COVID-19. According to the ''''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)," a patient with the positive nucleic acid testing of 2019 nCoV is considered the confirmed case. Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonia 14 nCapp automatically generates treatment recommendations in accordance with the guidelines of the ''''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)". Intelligent assisted treatment for patients with severe pneumonia nCapp automatically generates a prompt treatment recommendations in accordance with the ''Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Interim Version 6)''. abstract: Abstract The aim is to diagnose COVID-19 earlier and to improve its treatment by applying medical technology, the “COVID-19 Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Assistant Program (nCapp)” based on the Internet of Things. Terminal eight functions can be implemented in real-time online communication with the “cloud” through the page selection key. According to existing data, questionnaires, and check results, the diagnosis is automatically generated as confirmed, suspected, or suspicious of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. It classifies patients into mild, moderate, severe or critical pneumonia. nCapp can also establish an online COVID-19 real-time update database, and it updates the model of diagnosis in real time based on the latest real-world case data to improve diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, nCapp can guide treatment. Front-line physicians, experts, and managers are linked to perform consultation and prevention. nCapp also contributes to the long-term follow-up of patients with COVID-19. The ultimate goal is to enable different levels of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment among different doctors from different hospitals to upgrade to the national and international through the intelligent assistance of the nCapp system. In this way, we can block disease transmission, avoid physician infection, and epidemic prevention and control as soon as possible. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2588914120300046 doi: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.03.001 id: cord-254162-tu81j66h author: Bai, Xiyuan title: Hypothesis: alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-12 words: 5512.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254162-tu81j66h.txt summary: Sixth, AAT inhibition of elastase can antagonize the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a complex extracellular structure comprised of neutrophil-derived DNA, histones, and proteases, and implicated in the immunothrombosis of COVID-19; indeed, AAT has been shown to change the shape and adherence of non-COVID-19-related NETs. Seventh, AAT inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis may limit the endothelial injury linked to severe COVID-19-associated acute lung injury, multi-organ dysfunction, and pre-eclampsia-like syndrome seen in gravid women. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. abstract: No definitive treatment for COVID-19 exists although promising results have been reported with remdesivir and glucocorticoids. Short of a truly effective preventive or curative vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is becoming increasingly clear that multiple pathophysiologic processes seen with COVID-19 as well as SARS-CoV-2 itself should be targeted. Because alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) embraces a panoply of biologic activities that may antagonize several pathophysiologic mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2, we hypothesize that this naturally occurring molecule is a promising agent to ameliorate COVID-19. We posit at least seven different mechanisms by which AAT may alleviate COVID-19. First, AAT is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) shown to inhibit TMPRSS-2, the host serine protease that cleaves the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a necessary preparatory step for the virus to bind its cell surface receptor ACE2 to gain intracellular entry. Second, AAT has anti-viral activity against other RNA viruses HIV and influenza as well as induces autophagy, a known host effector mechanism against MERS-CoV, a related coronavirus that causes the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Third, AAT has potent anti-inflammatory properties, in part through inhibiting both nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) activation and ADAM17 (also known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme), and thus may dampen the hyper-inflammatory response of COVID-19. Fourth, AAT inhibits neutrophil elastase, a serine protease that helps recruit potentially injurious neutrophils and implicated in acute lung injury. AAT inhibition of ADAM17 also prevents shedding of ACE2 and hence may preserve ACE2 inhibition of bradykinin, reducing the ability of bradykinin to cause a capillary leak in COVID-19. Fifth, AAT inhibits thrombin, and venous thromboembolism and in situ microthrombi and macrothrombi are increasingly implicated in COVID-19. Sixth, AAT inhibition of elastase can antagonize the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a complex extracellular structure comprised of neutrophil-derived DNA, histones, and proteases, and implicated in the immunothrombosis of COVID-19; indeed, AAT has been shown to change the shape and adherence of non-COVID-19-related NETs. Seventh, AAT inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis may limit the endothelial injury linked to severe COVID-19-associated acute lung injury, multi-organ dysfunction, and pre-eclampsia-like syndrome seen in gravid women. Furthermore, because both NETs formation and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies are increased in both COVID-19 and non-COVID pre-eclampsia, it suggests a similar vascular pathogenesis in both disorders. As a final point, AAT has an excellent safety profile when administered to patients with AAT deficiency and is dosed intravenously once weekly but also comes in an inhaled preparation. Thus, AAT is an appealing drug candidate to treat COVID-19 and should be studied. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720332850?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110394 id: cord-291849-cjeyz86e author: Baidal, Jennifer Woo title: Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Among Patients in New York City date: 2020-09-15 words: 1584.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291849-cjeyz86e.txt summary: Methods: Using aggregate administrative data from a multi-site academic healthcare system in New York from March 1 â€" May 14, 2020, we examined patient demographic and neighborhood characteristics according to Covid-19 testing and disease outcomes. Patients living in census tracts with more non-White individuals, Hispanic individuals, individuals in poverty, or housing crowding had higher proportions of Covid-19 positive tests, hospitalizations, and deaths than counterparts. In this large sample of consecutive patients in a multi-site healthcare system in New York, differences in Covid-19 test results and disease outcomes according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance types were identi ed. Those living in census tracts with more racial/ethnic minorities, individuals living in poverty, and more housing crowding had higher proportions of Covid-19 positive tests, hospitalizations, and known deaths than counterparts in other neighborhoods. In sum, among this cohort of over 20,000 patients in New York City, variation in Covid-19 test results and disease outcomes according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood characteristics was identi ed. abstract: Background: Covid-19 testing and disease outcomes according to demographic and neighborhood characteristics must be understood. Methods: Using aggregate administrative data from a multi-site academic healthcare system in New York from March 1 – May 14, 2020, we examined patient demographic and neighborhood characteristics according to Covid-19 testing and disease outcomes. Results: Among the 23,918 patients, higher proportions of those over 65 years old, male sex, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicare, or Medicaid insurance had positive tests, were hospitalized, or died than those with younger age, non-Hispanic ethnicity, or private insurance. Patients living in census tracts with more non-White individuals, Hispanic individuals, individuals in poverty, or housing crowding had higher proportions of Covid-19 positive tests, hospitalizations, and deaths than counterparts. Discussion: Variation exists in Covid-19 testing and disease outcomes according to patient and neighborhood characteristics. There is a need to monitor Covid-19 testing access and disease outcomes and resolve racist policies and practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32995762/ doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-70959/v1 id: cord-271599-1yu1yl12 author: Bailey, Stacy Cooper title: Changes in COVID-19 Knowledge, Beliefs, Behaviors, and Preparedness Among High-Risk Adults from the Onset to the Acceleration Phase of the US Outbreak date: 2020-09-01 words: 4054.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271599-1yu1yl12.txt summary: KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. Our first longitudinal assessment of the C3 study revealed that participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and had a greater sense of preparedness from the onset to the acceleration phase of the outbreak. abstract: BACKGROUND: The US outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accelerated rapidly over a short time to become a public health crisis. OBJECTIVE: To assess how high-risk adults’ COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and sense of preparedness changed from the onset of the US outbreak (March 13–20, 2020) to the acceleration phase (March 27–April 7, 2020). DESIGN: Longitudinal, two-wave telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: 588 predominately older adults with ≥ 1 chronic condition recruited from 4 active, federally funded studies in Chicago. MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms and prevention, related beliefs, behaviors, and sense of preparedness. KEY RESULTS: From the onset to the acceleration phase, participants increasingly perceived COVID-19 to be a serious public health threat, reported more changes to their daily routine and plans, and reported greater preparedness. The proportion of respondents who believed they were “not at all likely” to get the virus decreased slightly (24.9 to 22.4%; p = 0.04), but there was no significant change in the proportion of those who were unable to accurately identify ways to prevent infection (29.2 to 25.7%; p 0.14). In multivariable analyses, black adults and those with lower health literacy were more likely to report less perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 (black adults: relative risk (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.44, p = 0.02; marginal health literacy: RR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26–3.07, p < 0.01). Individuals with low health literacy remained more likely to feel unprepared for the outbreak (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.11–2.92, p = 0.02) and to express confidence in the federal government response (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.49–3.00, p < 0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Adults at higher risk for COVID-19 continue to lack critical knowledge about prevention. While participants reported greater changes to daily routines and plans, disparities continued to exist in perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 and in preparedness. Public health messaging to date may not be effectively reaching vulnerable communities. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05980-2 id: cord-035396-lg7m9xzs author: Bains, Amarpreet S. title: Maintaining Throughput and Reducing Discharge Delays After Increasing Capacity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A New York City Hospital’s Experience date: 2020-11-12 words: 2401.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035396-lg7m9xzs.txt summary: A command center for coordinating discharges and a streamlined process for arranging home oxygen helped a New York hospital significantly speed up discharges during the Covid-19 pandemic with no negative impact on readmissions. Our second step was to have our Social Work and Case Management departments work closely with our largest DME vendor (who provides over 90% of all oxygen and medical equipment for our patients) to streamline the process for discharging patients home with supplemental oxygen, a process that has historically extended hospitalizations by an entire day or more. We attribute this improvement to: better communication between unit managers and discharge control center; earlier identification of barriers; on-site representative for home oxygen; streamlining of the documentation and authorization processes; providers learning how to optimize documentation; and time saved by many patients not requiring home delivery. abstract: A command center for coordinating discharges and a streamlined process for arranging home oxygen helped a New York hospital significantly speed up discharges during the Covid-19 pandemic with no negative impact on readmissions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7660556/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0425 id: cord-280470-dtb2nza1 author: Bairagi, A. K. title: A Noncooperative Game Analysis for Controlling COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-26 words: 4252.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280470-dtb2nza1.txt summary: In this paper, we provide an analytical model on the effectiveness of the sustainable lockdown policy that accommodates both isolation and social distancing features of the individuals. Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is also interpreted with the help of a game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing. In [9] , the authors investigate the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics based on 125 91 cases of COVID-19 patients of Zhejiang, China. In case of 50% individuals in the home isolation, the 355 incentive for N = 2, 000 is 97.08%, 42.50%, and 15.96% more than that of N = 500, 356 N = 1, 000, and N = 1, 500, respectively. With more percentages of home isolation individuals, the number of loackdown 372 period is less, and possible of spreading of COVID-19 is also less. abstract: COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Till now, there is no remedy for this epidemic. However, isolation and social distancing are seemed to be effective to control this pandemic. In this paper, we provide an analytical model on the effectiveness of the sustainable lockdown policy that accommodates both isolation and social distancing features of the individuals. To promote social distancing, we analyze a noncooperative game environment that provides an incentive for maintaining social distancing. Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is also interpreted with the help of a game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing. Finally, an extensive numerical analysis is provided to study the impact of maintaining a social-distancing measure to prevent the Covid-19 outbreak. Numerical results show that the individual incentive increases more than 85% with an increasing percentage of home isolation from 25% to 100% for all considered scenarios. The numerical results also demonstrate that in a particular percentage of home isolation, the individual incentive decreases with an increasing number of individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.20110783 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110783 id: cord-198272-s0lk1812 author: Bairagi, Anupam Kumar title: Controlling the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Noncooperative Game Perspective date: 2020-07-27 words: 5574.0 sentences: 375.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt txt: ./txt/cord-198272-s0lk1812.txt summary: Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is interpreted with the help of our proposed game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing where there exists a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we perform an extensive numerical analysis that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of achieving the desired social-distancing to prevent the outbreak of the COVID-19 in a noncooperative environment. Therefore, different from the existing literature, we focus on the design of a model that can measure individual''s isolation and social distance to prevent the epidemic of COVID-19. The model considers both isolation and social distancing features of individuals to control the outbreak of COVID-19. Our objective is to keep δ minimum for reducing the spread of COVID-19 from infected individuals, which is an isolation strategy. In this paper, we have introduced a mathematical model for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19 by augmenting isolation and social distancing features of individuals. abstract: COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Till now, there is no remedy for this epidemic. However, isolation and social distancing are seemed to be effective preventive measures to control this pandemic. Therefore, in this paper, an optimization problem is formulated that accommodates both isolation and social distancing features of the individuals. To promote social distancing, we solve the formulated problem by applying a noncooperative game that can provide an incentive for maintaining social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the sustainability of the lockdown policy is interpreted with the help of our proposed game-theoretic incentive model for maintaining social distancing where there exists a Nash equilibrium. Finally, we perform an extensive numerical analysis that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of achieving the desired social-distancing to prevent the outbreak of the COVID-19 in a noncooperative environment. Numerical results show that the individual incentive increases more than 85% with an increasing percentage of home isolation from 25% to 100% for all considered scenarios. The numerical results also demonstrate that in a particular percentage of home isolation, the individual incentive decreases with an increasing number of individuals. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.13305v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266160-464v4g8o author: Bajaj, Jasmohan S title: Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort date: 2020-07-13 words: 3689.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266160-464v4g8o.txt summary: COVID-19 and cirrhosis characteristics, development of organ failures and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and mortality (inpatient death+hospice) were compared. Patients with cirrhosis alone had higher cirrhosis-related complications, maximum model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and lower BiPAP/ventilation requirement compared with patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19, but CCI and ACLF rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicentre North American contemporaneously enrolled study, age/gender-matched patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 had similar mortality compared with patients with cirrhosis alone but higher than patients with COVID-19 alone. Cirrhosis-alone patients had higher rates of grade III/IV HE, developed a higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and required more endoscopic procedures, including variceal banding, and large-volume paracentesis, than the cirrhosis+COVID-19 group. We conclude in this multicentre study that patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the setting of cirrhosis have an inpatient mortality rate that is similar to that of patients admitted due to cirrhosis alone but higher than those admitted with COVID-19 without cirrhosis. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Comorbid conditions are associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19. Registry data show that patients with cirrhosis may be at high risk. However, outcome comparisons among patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 versus patients with COVID-19 alone and cirrhosis alone are lacking. The aim of this study was to perform these comparisons. DESIGN: A multicentre study of inpatients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 compared with age/gender-matched patients with COVID-19 alone and cirrhosis alone was performed. COVID-19 and cirrhosis characteristics, development of organ failures and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and mortality (inpatient death+hospice) were compared. RESULTS: 37 patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 were matched with 108 patients with COVID-19 and 127 patients with cirrhosis from seven sites. Race/ethnicity were similar. Patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 had higher mortality compared with patients with COVID-19 (30% vs 13%, p=0.03) but not between patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 and patients with cirrhosis (30% vs 20%, p=0.16). Patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 versus patients with COVID-19 alone had equivalent respiratory symptoms, chest findings and rates of intensive care unit transfer and ventilation. However, patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 had worse Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI 6.5±3.1 vs 3.3±2.5, p<0.001), lower presenting GI symptoms and higher lactate. Patients with cirrhosis alone had higher cirrhosis-related complications, maximum model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and lower BiPAP/ventilation requirement compared with patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19, but CCI and ACLF rates were similar. In the entire group, CCI (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.37, p<0.0001) was the only variable predictive of mortality on multivariable regression. CONCLUSIONS: In this multicentre North American contemporaneously enrolled study, age/gender-matched patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 had similar mortality compared with patients with cirrhosis alone but higher than patients with COVID-19 alone. CCI was the only independent mortality predictor in the entire matched cohort. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322118 id: cord-337269-bh3qbn3q author: Bajracharya, Aliza title: Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath date: 2020-06-11 words: 986.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337269-bh3qbn3q.txt summary: title: Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath Scoping the perplexing effect of the COVID pandemic in Nepal, and the appraisal for precautionary measures from its lurking aftermath The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the global health crisis. By far to contain this infection, the government has ensured isolation facilities, quarantined the suspected cases, and contact tracing of the exposed patient, increased the screening tests, but all these steps are at a snail''s pace. To at least make a start, there needs to be a provision of rapid testing of every high-risk emergency case so as to safeguard the health workers. The referral cases need to have the facility of conducting the test prior to the referral to the center so that it avoids unnecessary delay and the environment of fearful uncertainty while managing them. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.027 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.027 id: cord-327770-4u250y8x author: Bajwa, Ali title: What the papers say date: 2020-10-26 words: 1728.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327770-4u250y8x.txt summary: The authors designed this study to identify key biomarkers and immune infiltration in the synovial tissue of OA by bioinformatics analysis. The authors thus concluded that the hub genes and the difference in immune infiltration in synovial tissue between OA and normal controls might provide new insight for understanding OA development. PARADIGMS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC The authors from Singapore [6] report that the timing of surgery for orthopaedic injuries continues to evolve, as an improved understanding of biology, healing and technological advances continues to challenge historical norms. With the growing COVID-19 pandemic that is stretching limited healthcare resources, postponing surgery becomes an inevitable and unenviable task for most orthopaedic surgeons. The authors conclude that most of the soft-tissue orthopaedic injuries can be managed with outpatient ambulatory surgery in a semi-elective setting. Time-sensitive ambulatory orthopaedic soft-tissue surgery paradigms during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnaa036 doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnaa036 id: cord-280935-ur9x4fsa author: Bajwa, Hamza title: The Dilemma of Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-06-15 words: 2169.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280935-ur9x4fsa.txt summary: In this review, we have included articles stating the prevalence and specific mortality rates of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney insufficiency. Our study included 1098 COVID-19 positive patients, of whom 66 (6%) developed acute kidney insufficiency and 62 patients died, showing a mortality rate of 94%. Our review focuses on the prevalence of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients and mortality rates in this subset of patients. Initial reports from Wuhan suggested that the prevalence of acute kidney injuries (AKI) in COVID-19 patients was quite low, ranging from 3-9%; however, the subsequent analyses showed a relatively high AKI burden of 15% [8] . Our focus in this review is to analyze the published data on kidney injuries in COVID-19 and mortality rates in these patients. Our review comprehensively described the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global health since December 2019. It has spread worldwide and is consuming healthcare resources rapidly. Published literature suggests that people with advanced age and comorbidities are affected more severely. It is crucial to uncover the underlying pathogenesis of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients to understand better the reasoning behind the grave outcomes in these patients. In this review, we have included articles stating the prevalence and specific mortality rates of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney insufficiency. Our study included 1098 COVID-19 positive patients, of whom 66 (6%) developed acute kidney insufficiency and 62 patients died, showing a mortality rate of 94%. Patients with acute kidney insufficiency showed a more severe disease course, and these patients ended up more in intensive care units. Particular attention should be paid to those with already established kidney disease, such as chronic kidney disease, or renal transplant recipients, as these patients are already on immunosuppressive therapy. Our review focuses on the prevalence of acute kidney insufficiency in COVID-19 patients and mortality rates in this subset of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8632 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8632 id: cord-253256-909chgl0 author: Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh title: Peri-operative and critical care concerns in coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-03-28 words: 4543.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253256-909chgl0.txt summary: In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. The need of the hour therefore is to update ourselves with clinicopathological spectrum of the deadly disease and provide evidence based medical services to all hospitalized cases with suspected Covid-19 infection. All the recommendations below have been influenced by the past experiences of corona virus outbreaks and desire improved measures for personal protection of health care workers and consequent prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection. Planning for anaesthesiaand surgery in covid-suspect cases Anaesthesiologists and intensivists are the soldiers at the final frontier of corona disaster as all patients landing up in the hospital with severe respiratory distress will be primarily seen under their domain. Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus outbreak a “pandemic” on March 11(th), 2020. India has already reached Stage 2 (local transmission) and the Indian Government, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is taking all necessary steps to halt the community transmission(Stage 3). Anaesthesiologists and intensivists around the globe are making untiring efforts akin to soldiers at the final frontier during war. All efforts pertaining to adequate staffing, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to hand hygiene measures are being stressed upon to prevent in-hospital transmission. In this article, all outbreak response measures including triaging, preparation of isolation rooms, decontamination and disinfection protocols as well as fundamental principles of critical care and anaesthetic management in Covid-19 cases is being discussed. All the recommendations have been derived from the past experiences of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak as well as upcoming guidelines from the international health fraternity and Indian Health Services. url: https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_272_20 doi: 10.4103/ija.ija_272_20 id: cord-258873-l9oxmqdp author: Baker, D. title: COVID‐19 vaccine‐readiness for anti‐CD20‐depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases date: 2020-08-01 words: 6017.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258873-l9oxmqdp.txt summary: It appears that the innate immune response, and perhaps later anti-viral CD8 T cell responses, could eliminate the SARS-CoV2 before significant antibody responses have developed [20, 28, 33] (Fig. 1) , suggesting that most MS treatments that largely exhibit limited persistent effects on the innate immune and CD8 T cell responses would have limited influence on COVID-19. The suggestion that rituximab treatment may increase risk of infection should be considered in the context of possible sampling biases, although this Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells in the lung and the gut via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). If COVID-19-related vaccine responses become a key concern among people with MS or other autoimmune diseases choosing treatment options, the selection of B cell-depleting agents that allow quick repopulation of B cells may be relevant for optimum vaccine readiness. abstract: Although most autoimmune diseases are considered to be CD4 T cell‐ or antibody‐mediated, many respond to CD20‐depleting antibodies that have limited influence on CD4 and plasma cells. This includes rituximab, oblinutuzumab and ofatumumab that are used in cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and off‐label in a large number of other autoimmunities and ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis. Recently, the COVID‐19 pandemic created concerns about immunosuppression in autoimmunity, leading to cessation or a delay in immunotherapy treatments. However, based on the known and emerging biology of autoimmunity and COVID‐19, it was hypothesised that while B cell depletion should not necessarily expose people to severe SARS‐CoV‐2‐related issues, it may inhibit protective immunity following infection and vaccination. As such, drug‐induced B cell subset inhibition, that controls at least some autoimmunities, would not influence innate and CD8 T cell responses, which are central to SARS‐CoV‐2 elimination, nor the hypercoagulation and innate inflammation causing severe morbidity. This is supported clinically, as the majority of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected, CD20‐depleted people with autoimmunity have recovered. However, protective neutralizing antibody and vaccination responses are predicted to be blunted until naive B cells repopulate, based on B cell repopulation kinetics and vaccination responses, from published rituximab and unpublished ocrelizumab (NCT00676715, NCT02545868) trial data, shown here. This suggests that it may be possible to undertake dose interruption to maintain inflammatory disease control, while allowing effective vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐29, if and when an effective vaccine is available. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13495 doi: 10.1111/cei.13495 id: cord-033481-3kxi7fd9 author: Baker, Joseph O title: Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research date: 2020-09-16 words: 5004.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033481-3kxi7fd9.txt summary: In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. The centrality of intensive interactive rituals for producing the communal benefits of religion (e.g., social support, emotional catharsis, perceived healing) ensures that there will be persistent tension between many religious groups'' desire for in-person gatherings and the social distancing requirements necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. Thinking about religion as the object of analysis and its role in disease transmission, a clear and consequential way that the pandemic has changed religion is the suspension of in-person religious gatherings, and the corresponding need to engage in "socially distanced" forms of interactive religious services and rituals. abstract: In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. This unprecedented time prompts scholars of religion to reflect on how to strategically approach the study of religion in the time of “social distancing,” as well as moving forward. Particularly important considerations include developing heuristic, innovative approaches for revealing ongoing changes to religion, as well as how religion continues to structure social life across a wide range of contexts, from the most intimate and personal to the most public and global. Although our note can only be indicative rather than exhaustive, we do suggest that the initial groundwork for reconsiderations might productively focus on several key analytical themes, including: Epidemiology, Ideology, Religious Practice, Religious Organizations and Institutions, as well as Epistemology and Methodology. In offering these considerations as a starting point, we remain aware (and hopeful) that inventive and unanticipated approaches will also emerge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543648/ doi: 10.1093/socrel/sraa039 id: cord-031112-fadju8a6 author: Baker, Scott R title: The Unprecedented Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-18 words: 5319.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031112-fadju8a6.txt summary: No previous infectious disease outbreak, including the Spanish Flu, has affected the stock market as forcefully as the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence we amass suggests that government restrictions on commercial activity and voluntary social distancing, operating with powerful effects in a service-oriented economy, are the main reasons the U.S. stock market reacted so much more forcefully to COVID-19 than to previous pandemics in 1918–1919, 1957–1958, and 1968. In the period before February 24, 2020spanning 120 years and more than 1,100 jumps-contemporary journalistic accounts attributed not a single daily stock market jump to infectious disease outbreaks or policy responses to such outbreaks.1 Perhaps surprisingly, even the Spanish Flu fails to register in next-day journalistic explanations for large daily stock market moves. Next-day newspaper accounts attribute not a single one of these jumps to infectious disease outbreaks or pandemic-related Our comparisons to the 1918-1919, 1957-1958, and 1968 show that the unprecedented stock market reaction to COVID-19 cannot be explained simply by the lethality of the virus. abstract: No previous infectious disease outbreak, including the Spanish Flu, has affected the stock market as forcefully as the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, previous pandemics left only mild traces on the U.S. stock market. We use text-based methods to develop these points with respect to large daily stock market moves back to 1900 and with respect to overall stock market volatility back to 1985. We also evaluate potential explanations for the unprecedented stock market reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence we amass suggests that government restrictions on commercial activity and voluntary social distancing, operating with powerful effects in a service-oriented economy, are the main reasons the U.S. stock market reacted so much more forcefully to COVID-19 than to previous pandemics in 1918–1919, 1957–1958, and 1968. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454925/ doi: 10.1093/rapstu/raaa008 id: cord-325553-ilx9j89c author: Bakhoum, M. F. title: Subclinical ocular inflammation in persons recovered from ambulatory COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 words: 1130.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325553-ilx9j89c.txt summary: Our results provide quasi-histologic evidence that neuroinflammation is present in persons who recovered from COVID-19, only one of whom required hospitalization. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect the presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect the presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. Our results provide quasihistologic evidence that neuroinflammation is present in persons who recovered from COVID-19, only one of whom required hospitalization. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to image individual cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20128140 doi: medRxiv preprint from COVID-19 may be complicated by post-viral inflammation, and full symptomatic recovery may not occur until weeks after a positive test result, even in younger individuals [7, 8] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by striking variability in clinical severity, and a hyperinflammatory response in the lung is associated with high mortality. Little is known about the extent and duration of inflammation in persons recovering from COVID-19. Here, we used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to detect the presence of inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, an immune-privileged microenvironment, in persons recovered from COVID- 19. Our results provide quasi-histologic evidence that neuroinflammation is present in persons who recovered from COVID-19, only one of whom required hospitalization. Our results also suggest that persons who feel that their recovery is incomplete have evidence of subclinical eye inflammation, which may be a marker of residual inflammation elsewhere as well. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.22.20128140v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.22.20128140 id: cord-277567-nf6t4ni6 author: Bakkar, Sohail title: Impact of COVID-19 on thyroid cancer surgery and adjunct therapy date: 2020-06-14 words: 1842.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277567-nf6t4ni6.txt summary: Since papillary carcinoma was the preoperative diagnosis in all cases, radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) therapy was also planned 3–4 weeks following surgery after withdrawing thyroxine and achieving a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 30 mU/L. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact of the restrictive healthcare measures applied in the kingdom of Jordan in the time of COVID-19 on treatment plans for thyroid cancer patients. The primary outcome of interest was to assess the impact of restrictive policies applied for COVID-19 on safe and timely delivery of both surgery and its adjunct therapy (remnant ablation by means of RIA). In a region of no or low COVID-19 prevalence, restrictive policies applied did not affect the safe and timely delivery of surgical care for thyroid cancer patients. abstract: COVID-19 has profoundly modified the way healthcare is delivered. Jordan imposed lockdown and restrictive policies between March 17 and May 20, 2020. We aimed to assess the impact of such measures on thyroid cancer treatment plans. In the specified period, 12 patients were scheduled for surgery. Since papillary carcinoma was the preoperative diagnosis in all cases, radioactive iodine ablation (RIA) therapy was also planned 3–4 weeks following surgery after withdrawing thyroxine and achieving a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level > 30 mU/L. Thyroxine withdrawal is the routine method applied for RIA in Jordan as it is less costly compared to the rapid method of exogenous stimulation using recombinant TSH. All surgical procedures were performed without delay since all patients were asymptomatic per flu-like illness and came from a region of low COVID-19 prevalence. These included total thyroidectomy (n = 11), bilateral therapeutic central compartment neck dissection (n = 7), lateral compartment neck dissection (n = 5). However, the RIA treatment plan was altered considerably according to the period in which they were operated. 6 out of the 7 patients operated in March changed to the stimulated method of RIA at a considerable additional extra cost. The seventh patient and the April patient opt to delay RIA until after lockdown. The remaining cases (operated in May) followed the usual withdrawal method as restrictions were due to an end. The restrictive measures applied during COVID-19 did not affect the safe and timely delivery of surgical care. However, it added a financial and psychological burden to the entire cancer management plan. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00833-3 doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00833-3 id: cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author: Bakken, Suzanne title: Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 1396.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt summary: The 4 COVID-19 articles highlighted in this editorial reflect the 5 domains identified in the health informatics practice analysis: foundational knowledge; enhancing health decision making, processes, and outcomes; health information systems; data governance, management, and analytics; and leadership, professionalism, strategy, and transformation, 8 as well as similar domains in the physician clinical informatics subspecialty practice analysis. This included the design and implementation of electronic health record (EHR)-based rapid screening processes, as well as expansion of system-level EHR documentation templates (eg, urgent care/emergency department screening or testing), clinical decision support (eg, isolation, who should be tested), reporting tools (eg, operational dashboard and tracking system for persons under investigation), and patient-facing technology (eg, video visits for outpatient encounters) related to COVID-19. In a Perspective, Turer et al, 3 from Vanderbilt University Medical Center, describe an approach they call electronic PPE (ePPE) within the context of emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501484/ doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa101 id: cord-348823-u2gm3kyh author: Baksh, Mizba title: A Systematic Review of Cases of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 words: 2249.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348823-u2gm3kyh.txt summary: About 80% of COVID-19 infections are mild or asymptomatic and never require hospitalization but about 5% of patients become critically ill and develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The widely used management for ARDS in COVID-19 has been in line with the standard approach, but the need to adjust the treatment protocols has been questioned based on the reports of higher mortality risk among those requiring mechanical ventilation. Although some antimalarial and antiviral drugs may prove effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), their safety and efficacy are still under clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review of case reports on ARDS in SARS-CoV-2 infection to summarize the clinical presentation, laboratory and chest imaging findings, management protocols, and outcome of ARDS in COVID-19-positive patients. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a case series abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic after it spread to 213 countries and has the highest total number of cases worldwide. About 80% of COVID-19 infections are mild or asymptomatic and never require hospitalization but about 5% of patients become critically ill and develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The widely used management for ARDS in COVID-19 has been in line with the standard approach, but the need to adjust the treatment protocols has been questioned based on the reports of higher mortality risk among those requiring mechanical ventilation. Treatment options for this widespread disease are limited and there are no definitive therapies or vaccines until now. Although some antimalarial and antiviral drugs may prove effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), their safety and efficacy are still under clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review of case reports on ARDS in SARS-CoV-2 infection to summarize the clinical presentation, laboratory and chest imaging findings, management protocols, and outcome of ARDS in COVID-19-positive patients. We need more data and established studies for the effective management of the novel SARS-CoV-2 and to reduce mortality in high-risk patients. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8188 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8188 id: cord-295414-v10454ns author: Baktash, Vadir title: Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 words: 3757.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295414-v10454ns.txt summary: 1 Furthermore, research by Alipio and colleagues 2 , in a retrospective study, provides evidence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse outcome in patients with COVID-19. Among patients with vitamin D deficiency in the COVID-19-positive group, there was a higher average peak in D-dimer level (1914.00 μgFEU/L vs 1268.00 μgFEU/L) (p=0.034) and a higher incidence of NIV support and HDU admission (30.77% vs 9.68%) (p=0.042). The main findings of our study suggest that older patients with lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, when compared with aged-matched vitamin D-replete patients, may demonstrate worse outcomes from COVID-19. In non-communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically unwell patients. • Older patients with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency (≤30 nmol/L) have higher peak D-dimer level and higher incidence of NIV support and HDU admission. abstract: PURPOSE: Older adults are more likely to be vitamin D deficient. The aim of the study was to determine whether these patients have worse outcomes with COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study between 1 March and 30 April 2020 to assess the importance of vitamin D deficiency in older patients with COVID-19. The cohort consisted of patients aged ≥65 years presenting with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (n=105). All patients were tested for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels during acute illness. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed via viral reverse transcriptase PCR swab or supporting radiological evidence. COVID-19-positive arm (n=70) was sub-divided into vitamin D-deficient (≤30 nmol/L) (n=39) and -replete groups (n=35). Subgroups were assessed for disease severity using biochemical, radiological and clinical markers. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were laboratory features of cytokine storm, thoracic imaging changes and requirement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). RESULTS: COVID-19-positive arm demonstrated lower median serum 25(OH)D level of 27 nmol/L (IQR=20–47 nmol/L) compared with COVID-19-negative arm, with median level of 52 nmol/L (IQR=31.5–71.5 nmol/L) (p value=0.0008). Among patients with vitamin D deficiency, there was higher peak D-dimer level (1914.00 μgFEU/L vs 1268.00 μgFEU/L) (p=0.034) and higher incidence of NIV support and high dependency unit admission (30.77% vs 9.68%) (p=0.042). No increased mortality was observed between groups. CONCLUSION: Older adults with vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 may demonstrate worse morbidity outcomes. Vitamin D status may be a useful prognosticator. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138712 doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138712 id: cord-297384-0urbjy5p author: Bal, Irene A. title: The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-09 words: 1808.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297384-0urbjy5p.txt summary: title: The Balance of Roles: Graduate Student Perspectives during the COVID-19 Pandemic After the COVID-19 outbreak, education shifted to remote learning, and daily and professional lives quickly changed (Daniel, 2020; Liguori & Winkler, 2020; Zraick & Garcia, 2020) . Each student brings a unique professional and personal perspective of COVID-19 and their abrupt shift to remote working and learning. Working and learning in online programs allows me to travel but adding a pandemic in the middle of a semester, while traveling, shifted my life considerably. This didn''t seem to be much of a shift since I was already working and learning online, but that quickly changed when stay-at-home orders altered my travel plans, my learners needed more flexibility, and my As an instructional designer and graduate student, plans for the next semesters are undecided and erratic… I am still taking it one hour at a time, one day at a time. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted personal and professional lives. Graduate students juggle a variety of roles and had to quickly adjust. In this article, six graduate students share their reflections regarding the influence of the pandemic on respective stages in their doctoral program. They provide unique personal and professional perspectives that depict their abrupt shift to remote working and remote learning. The intention of this article is to garner an understanding of graduate students’ challenges during the pandemic, capture their strategies for success, and provide a space for further conversation and support about how the pandemic has impacted graduate students. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838404/ doi: 10.1007/s11528-020-00534-z id: cord-282458-5v9k4yyj author: Balakrishnan, Vijayakumar title: Screening of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-09-28 words: 2360.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282458-5v9k4yyj.txt summary: Finally, all the chosen drugs used in the IFD studies were analyzed for the favorable docking score, glide energy, glide emodel and interaction studies (hydrogen bond and hydrophobic) with COVID-19 Mpro. This IFD complex has possessed docking score − 14.183, glide energy − 114.183, Table 2 ) and has very good non-bonded interactions with the active site residues. In this study, the FDA-approved (~ 1500 compounds) drugs were screened using HTVs. Based on the results, four drugs were compared with the N3 inhibitor which was previously redocked at the active site of COVID-19 Mpro. The four drugs Sincalide, Pentagastrin, Ritonavir and Phytonadione have been found to possess better results with COVID-19 Mpro (Coronavirus disease). In particular, the potent inhibition exhibited by the FDA approved Sincalide and Pentagastrin drugs were found to be more efficient in terms of docking score, energy and capability of forming hydrogen bond interactions with the active site residues. abstract: At the end of December 2019, a new strain of coronavirus was identified in the Wuhan city of Hubei province in China. Within a shorter period of time, an unprecedented outbreak of this strain was witnessed over the entire Wuhan city. This novel coronavirus strain was later officially renamed as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) by the World Health Organization. The mode of transmission was human-to-human contact and hence resulted in a rapid surge across the globe where more than 24 million people have been infected with COVID-19. In the current scenario, finding potent drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 has emerged as the most challenging task for clinicians and researchers worldwide. Identification of new drugs and vaccine development may take from a few months to years based on the clinical trial processes. To overcome the several limitations involved in identifying and bringing out potent drug candidates for treating COVID-19, in the present study attempts were made to screen the FDA approved drugs using High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS). The COVID-19 main protease (COVID-19 Mpro) was chosen as the drug target for which the FDA approved drugs were initially screened with HTVS. The drug candidates that exhibited favorable docking score, energy, and emodel calculations were further taken for performing Induced Fit Docking (IFD) using Schrodinger’s GLIDE. From the flexible docking results, the following four FDA approved drugs Sincalide, Pentagastrin, Ritonavir, and Phytonadione were identified. In particular, Sincalide and Pentagastrin can be considered potential key players for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013255/ doi: 10.1007/s10989-020-10115-6 id: cord-309436-5qoo3a8i author: Balanzá–Martínez, V. title: Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect date: 2020-05-12 words: 1001.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309436-5qoo3a8i.txt summary: From public health and preventative care perspectives, there is a pressing need to provide individuals, communities and health agencies with information and interventions to maintain the healthiest possible lifestyle while in isolation. Of note, towards the end of the SARS epidemic, social support, mental health awareness and other lifestyles changes (exercise, more time for relaxation and restorative sleep) were all associated with decreased perceived stress and incidence of PTSD (13) . It is time that such interventions start to include lifestyle guidelines with the aim to translate evidence into public health policies. Observational data on how the general public and patients with psychiatric disorders actually deal with self-care, nutrition, physical activity or restorative sleep during confinement are lacking and represent a research gap. Such studies would provide the much-needed evidence to design interventions to prevent a new pandemic of psychiatric disorders and cardiometabolic comorbidities as proposed by the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) initiative (19) . abstract: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor mental and physical health and may increase the likelihood of common mental disorders (depressive and anxiety disorders), substance use, and cognitive decline1,2 . At this moment, people around the globe have been urged to self-isolate and refrain from social interaction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From public health and preventative care perspectives, there is a pressing need to provide individuals, communities and health agencies with information and interventions to maintain the healthiest possible lifestyle while in isolation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324252/ doi: 10.1111/acps.13177 id: cord-283138-18q23z8l author: Balasubramanian, S. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not date: 2020-04-09 words: 3464.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283138-18q23z8l.txt summary: Pediatric coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is relatively mild when compared to adults, and children are reported to have a better prognosis. Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. It remains unclear why children and young adults are less severely affected than older individuals, but this might involve differences in immune system function in the elderly and/or differences in the expression/function of the cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This review additionally considers COVID-19 in immunosuppressed children, and also suggests a management algorithm for the few children who appear to present with life threatening infection, including the potential use of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. Asymptomatic, mild and moderate infections comprise over 90% of all children who have tested positive for COVID-19 with fewer severe and critical cases (5.9%) compared to adults (18.5%) [13] . abstract: Pediatric coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is relatively mild when compared to adults, and children are reported to have a better prognosis. Mortality in children appears rare. Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. It remains unclear why children and young adults are less severely affected than older individuals, but this might involve differences in immune system function in the elderly and/or differences in the expression/function of the cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Laboratory findings and chest imaging may not be specific in children with COVID-19. Diagnosis is by Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of upper or lower respiratory tract secretions. This review additionally considers COVID-19 in immunosuppressed children, and also suggests a management algorithm for the few children who appear to present with life threatening infection, including the potential use of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. The most significant threat to global child health from SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to be related to COVID 19 in children, but rather the socio-economic consequences of a prolonged pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32273490/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1819-5 id: cord-304656-v0fyb161 author: Balayla, J. title: Prevalence Threshold and Temporal Interpretation of Screening Tests: The Example of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 words: 2130.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304656-v0fyb161.txt summary: In consequence, there is an inflection point of maximum curvature in the screening curve defined as a function of the sensitivity and specificity beyond which the rate of change of a test''s PPV declines sharply relative to disease prevalence. Understanding where this prevalence point lies in the curve has important implications for the interpretation of test results, the administration of healthcare systems, the implementation of public health measures, and in cases of pandemics like SARS-CoV-2, the functioning of society at large. To illustrate the methods herein described, we provide the example of the screening strategies used in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, and calculate the prevalence threshold statistic of different tests available today. In contrast to RT-PCR screening, COVID-19 testing with serology can 150 delineate immune individuals at a prevalence threshold as low as 4.3%. abstract: The curvilinear relationship between a screening test's positive predictive value (PPV) and its target disease prevalence is proportional. In consequence, there is an inflection point of maximum curvature in the screening curve defined as a function of the sensitivity and specificity beyond which the rate of change of a test's PPV declines sharply relative to disease prevalence. Herein, we demonstrate a mathematical model exploring this phenomenon and define the prevalence threshold point where this change occurs. Understanding where this prevalence point lies in the curve has important implications for the interpretation of test results, the administration of healthcare systems, the implementation of public health measures, and in cases of pandemics like SARS-CoV-2, the functioning of society at large. To illustrate the methods herein described, we provide the example of the screening strategies used in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, and calculate the prevalence threshold statistic of different tests available today. This concept can help contextualize the validity of a screening test in real time, thereby enhancing our understanding of the dynamics of the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104927 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104927 id: cord-283809-9sv5bax0 author: Baldacchino, Alexander title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey date: 2020-04-15 words: 3233.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283809-9sv5bax0.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder: Study Protocol for the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Global Survey This global study has been designed and conducted by the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group (ISAM-PPIG) to understand better the health related issues of people with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) as well as responses of the relevant health care systems during the pandemic. The participants were asked to complete the "International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group (ISAM-PPIG) COVID-19 global survey questionnaire". The study participants consisted of nationally-representative informants from different countries who (a) are experts in the field of addiction medicine and health related services, and (b) active in the substance use treatment policy and/or service during the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: As one of the major health problems in the present century, the COVID-19 pandemic affected all parts of the global communities and the health of substance users are potentially at a greater risk of harm. This global study has been designed and conducted by the International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group (ISAM-PPIG) to understand better the health related issues of people with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) as well as responses of the relevant health care systems during the pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using convenient sampling. The data gathering was carried out with two follow-up stages each two months apart through an online conducted survey prepared using Google platform. The survey started by emergence of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020 and respondents were followed till September 2020 when most of the initial lockdowns by most countries are supposed to be reopened. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the ethics committee of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The results will be published in relevant peer reviewing journals and communicated with different international stakeholders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32855774/ doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.2545.1 id: cord-332678-yk1stlty author: Baldacini, Mathieu title: Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia date: 2020-05-26 words: 1045.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332678-yk1stlty.txt summary: title: Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19 are two conditions associated with severe coagulopathy. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19 are two conditions associated with severe coagulopathy. We present here the multiple haemostasis abnormalities observed in a patient with concomitant acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19. We present here the multiple haemostasis abnormalities observed in a patient with concomitant acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19. Haemostasis analysis showed diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) signs: increased prothrombin time (22Á2 s for a laboratory reference of 13Á2), mild decrease of fibrinogen level (1Á93 g/l, normal value 2-4) and major increase in D-dimers (>20 µg/ml, normal value < 0Á5). 5 Recurrent and extensive thrombosis of cerebral arteries was concomitant with haemorrhages as a result of leukaemia-related DIC, COVID-related coagulopathy and severe thrombocytopenia. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients abstract: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19 are two conditions associated with severe coagulopathy. We present here the multiple haemostasis abnormalities observed in a patient with concomitant acute promyelocytic leukaemia and COVID-19. The clinical consequences were dramatic and led to the death of the patient. A 62-year old woman was admitted on April 13, 2020 for unexplained asthenia, dyspnoea, and uncontrolled epistaxis. Clinical examination revealed pallor, left periorbital ecchymosis due to a recent fall, intrabuccal haemorrhagic bullae, persistent epistaxis, and mild splenomegaly. Oxygen saturation was 96%. Chest computed tomography (CT) was consistent with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia (9 points on a 0-25 scale)(Pan, et al 2020). The qRT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369614/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16768 id: cord-346782-tgaqtnpz author: Baldassarre, Emanuele title: An andrologist in the front line Covid-19 team date: 2020-06-04 words: 779.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346782-tgaqtnpz.txt summary: You learn to work for 8 h shifts wearing personal protective equipment to know a new job in a short time, to interact with health care workers you barely know or with colleagues who were recruited at the last time, without a specific training or coming from the most different departments. • Ask colleagues from the Covid task force to disseminate procedures and videos on the correct use of personal protective equipment within the group of doctors involved, constantly sending feedback and updates. • During your free time, necessary to maintain your mental and physical health (family routine, sports, hobbies…) attend webcalls of the various groups (anesthesiologists, infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, etc) to keep upwith a new status of mind and language that you will need in the Covid-19 ward and with the news colleagues. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-0315-8 doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-0315-8 id: cord-185125-be11h9wn author: Baldea, Ioan title: What Can We Learn from the Time Evolution of COVID-19 Epidemic in Slovenia? date: 2020-05-25 words: 2402.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-185125-be11h9wn.txt summary: In the unprecedented difficulty created by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, 1 mathematical modeling developed by epidemiologists over many decades 2-7 may make an important contribution in helping politics to adopt adequate regulations to efficiently fight against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus while mitigating negative economical and social consequences. As an aggravating circumstance, one should also add the difficulty not encountered in the vast majority of previous studies: how do the input parameters needed in model simulations change in time under so many restrictive measures (wearing face masks, social distancing, movement restrictions, isolation and quarantine policies, etc) unknown in the pre-COVID-19 era? Rather, we use raw epidemiological data to validate the logistic growth and straightforwardly extract the time dependent infection rate, which is the relevant model parameter for the specific case considered and makes it possible to compare how efficient different restrictive measures act to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, and even to get insight significant for behavioral and social science. abstract: A recent work (DOI 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093310) indicated that temporarily splitting larger populations into smaller groups can efficiently mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The fact that, soon afterwards, on May 15, 2020, the two million people Slovenia was the first European country proclaiming the end of COVID-19 epidemic within national borders may be relevant from this perspective. Motivated by this evolution, in this paper we investigate the time dynamics of coronavirus cases in Slovenia with emphasis on how efficient various containment measures act to diminish the number of COVID-19 infections. Noteworthily, the present analysis does not rely on any speculative theoretical assumption; it is solely based on raw epidemiological data. Out of the results presented here, the most important one is perhaps the finding that, while imposing drastic curfews and travel restrictions reduce the infection rate kappa by a factor of four with respect to the unrestricted state, they only improve the k{appa}-value by ~15 % as compared to the much bearable state of social and economical life wherein (justifiable) wearing face masks and social distancing rules are enforced/followed. Significantly for behavioral and social science, our analysis of the time dependence k{appa} = k{appa}(t) may reveal an interesting self-protection instinct of the population, which became manifest even before the official lockdown enforcement. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12367v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-274199-3stjueja author: Baldi, Enrico title: COVID-19 kills at home: the close relationship between the epidemic and the increase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests date: 2020-06-20 words: 4307.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274199-3stjueja.txt summary: Our aim was to assess whether the difference in the number of OHCAs between 2020 and 2019 was statistically correlated with the COVID-19 epidemic trend and to look for clinical pre-hospital elements supporting this evidence. All the Emergency Medical System (EMS) electronic records have been reanalysed and the number of patients with suspected COVID-19 (fever for at least 3 days before OHCA associated with cough and/or dyspnoea) or with a diagnostic pharyngeal swab (performed before OHCA or after death) have been computed. We highlighted an increase in medical aetiology over other types of aetiologies, and this further reinforces the hypothesis that the increase in the incidence of OHCAs is probably related to the direct (i.e. respiratory failure at home, SCD due to SARS-CoV-2 myocardial involvement or treatment) or indirect (i.e. lack of EMS activation in the case of time-dependent pathologies) effect of the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: AIMS: An increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported in the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, but a clear demonstration of a correlation between the increased incidence of OHCA and COVID-19 is missing so far. We aimed to verify whether there is an association between the OHCA difference compared with 2019 and the COVID-19 epidemic curve. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included all the consecutive OHCAs which occurred in the Provinces of Lodi, Cremona, Pavia, and Mantova in the 2 months following the first documented case of COVID-19 in the Lombardia Region and compared them with those which occurred in the same time frame in 2019. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 from 21 February to 20 April 2020 in the study territory was 956 COVID-19/100 000 inhabitants and the cumulative incidence of OHCA was 21 cases/100 000 inhabitants, with a 52% increase as compared with 2019 (490 OHCAs in 2020 vs. 321 in 2019). A strong and statistically significant correlation was found between the difference in cumulative incidence of OHCA between 2020 and 2019 per 100 000 inhabitants and the COVID-19 cumulative incidence per 100 000 inhabitants both for the overall territory (ρ 0.87, P < 0.001) and for each province separately (Lodi: ρ 0.98, P < 0.001; Cremona: ρ 0.98, P < 0.001; Pavia: ρ 0.87, P < 0.001; Mantova: ρ 0.81, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The increase in OHCAs in 2020 is significantly correlated to the COVID-19 pandemic and is coupled with a reduction in short-term outcome. Government and local health authorities should seriously consider our results when planning healthcare strategies to face the epidemic, especially considering the expected recurrent outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa508 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa508 id: cord-024078-d34e31zd author: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 words: 4349.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt summary: From the social distancing necessary to reduce the speed of transmission and flatten the curve, to buying essential goods for the duration of a communal lockdown, to the suffering endured by not consuming alcohol and tobacco, to reports about the personal and collective economic costs, to the nightly release of case statistics by geographical region, to the biographies of those who have died, we have amassed a hefty repository of pandemic stories that are intended to reveal a shared humanity and promote common cause. The National Department of Health in its COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for South Africa states an obvious truth about combatting the spread of the virus in our particular situation: "South Africa has a unique challenge of a large vulnerable immunocompromised population living in overcrowded conditions".(13) Over the past 26 years, prior to being hit by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this is a frank admission that we have been sluggish in our duty to address the needs of the masses. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187742/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia6 id: cord-353956-gjv5cg3k author: Bali, Rishi Kumar title: Maxillofacial surgery and COVID-19, The Pandemic !! date: 2020-04-11 words: 1135.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353956-gjv5cg3k.txt summary: The head of the maxillofacial surgery unit should use the opportunity to reiterate and reinforce the best practices in hospital infection control including the use of hand hygiene practices, barrier techniques, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfection of surfaces, and sterilization of equipment. Povidone Iodine has been shown to have significant virucidal activity for about three hours and recently it has been recommended to coat the oral cavity and nasal passages of both the patient and the operating team before the procedure [7] . In sum, the COVID-19 situation continues to evolve, and given the significant ongoing research throughout the world, we as Maxillofacial surgeons have to remain updated to use the information to help our patients in a way that we minimize risk to the operating team and also help prevent community spread. The use of povidone iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-020-01361-8 doi: 10.1007/s12663-020-01361-8 id: cord-262192-w86qc3fq author: Balkhair, Abdullah A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases date: 2020-04-21 words: 1103.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262192-w86qc3fq.txt summary: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the world has witnessed the emergence of several disease outbreaks and epidemics caused by more than 20 infectious agents over the past decade. 3 Over the past two decades, the emergence of coronavirus-associated diseases (SARS and MERS) inflicted global challenges to public health systems. This is exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic where the appearance of a seemingly limited cluster of cases of pneumonia linked to a sea food market in Wuhan, China 7 has become one of the worst pandemics in human history with a staggering number of more than 1.4 million infections in 177 countries and more than 85 000 deaths globally as of 9 April 2020. The quest for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent priority, and its development and global availability is a prerequisite for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. The current COVID-19 pandemic and its dreadful global impact is a reminder of the potential detriment of emerging infectious diseases. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32328297/ doi: 10.5001/omj.2020.41 id: cord-355528-y4a1g6km author: Balla, Mamtha title: COVID-19, Modern Pandemic: A Systematic Review From Front-Line Health Care Providers’ Perspective date: 2020-03-30 words: 7504.0 sentences: 398.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355528-y4a1g6km.txt summary: The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection, which is a global pandemic declared on March 11, 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO), was reported to have infected 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and territories and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020 [1]. According to the study by Xu et al, 60% of people diagnosed with COVID-19 had traveled to Wuhan or nearby regions (60%), 36% had close contact with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients and 4% had no definite exposure [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused infection in 168,000 cases worldwide in about 148 countries and killed more than 6,610 people around the world as of March 16, 2020, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). Compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, there is the rapid transmission, long incubation period, and disease containment is becoming extremely difficult. The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive clinical summary of all the available data from high-quality research articles relevant to the epidemiology, demographics, trends in hospitalization and outcomes, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment methods of COVID-19, thus increasing awareness in health care providers. We also discussed various preventive measures to combat COVID-19 effectively. A systematic and protocol-driven approach is needed to contain this disease, which was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the WHO. url: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4142 doi: 10.14740/jocmr4142 id: cord-353690-m79zl7ka author: Balmford, Andrew title: COVID-19: Analogues and lessons for tackling the extinction and climate crises date: 2020-06-28 words: 1315.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353690-m79zl7ka.txt summary: As environmental scientists working in countries whose COVID-linked deaths already exceed their military casualties from all campaigns since 1945, we believe there are significant messages from the handling of this horrific disease for efforts addressing the enormous challenges posed by the ongoing extinction and climate emergencies. * Correspondence: a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk Writing as environmental scientists in countries whose COVID-linked deaths already exceed their military casualties from all campaigns since 1945, we believe there are significant messages from the handling of this horrific disease for efforts addressing the enormous challenges posed by the ongoing extinction and climate emergencies. Scientists have likewise been warning for decades of the probability that human actions are triggering a sixth mass extinction, and of the dire consequences of major human-induced shifts in the earth''s climate. For the climate and extinction crises effective action requires wealthier people forgoing extravagance both for the present-day poor and for all future generations. abstract: As environmental scientists working in countries whose COVID-linked deaths already exceed their military casualties from all campaigns since 1945, we believe there are significant messages from the handling of this horrific disease for efforts addressing the enormous challenges posed by the ongoing extinction and climate emergencies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982220309362?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.084 id: cord-275071-2uiaruhg author: Balmford, Ben title: Cross-Country Comparisons of Covid-19: Policy, Politics and the Price of Life date: 2020-08-04 words: 11181.0 sentences: 594.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275071-2uiaruhg.txt summary: Linking decisions over the timing of lockdown and consequent deaths to economic data, we reveal the costs that national governments were implicitly prepared to pay to protect their citizens as reflected in the economic activity foregone to save lives. Accepting that they are a conservative estimate of the total impact of the pandemic, officially attributed Covid-19 deaths are used to investigate the price of life implied by lockdown policies. However, as far as we are aware, ours is the first study to use the SEIR modelling framework to examine the effects of lockdown timing across multiple countries in the same study, and the first to combine these results with financial forecasts to obtain cross-country implied price of life estimates. Table 5 shows that for those countries which under-report Covid-19 deaths, implied price of life is substantially reduced, highlighting once again that earlier lockdowns would have increased social welfare tremendously. abstract: Coronavirus has claimed the lives of over half a million people world-wide and this death toll continues to rise rapidly each day. In the absence of a vaccine, non-clinical preventative measures have been implemented as the principal means of limiting deaths. However, these measures have caused unprecedented disruption to daily lives and economic activity. Given this developing crisis, the potential for a second wave of infections and the near certainty of future pandemics, lessons need to be rapidly gleaned from the available data. We address the challenges of cross-country comparisons by allowing for differences in reporting and variation in underlying socio-economic conditions between countries. Our analyses show that, to date, differences in policy interventions have out-weighed socio-economic variation in explaining the range of death rates observed in the data. Our epidemiological models show that across 8 countries a further week long delay in imposing lockdown would likely have cost more than half a million lives. Furthermore, those countries which acted more promptly saved substantially more lives than those that delayed. Linking decisions over the timing of lockdown and consequent deaths to economic data, we reveal the costs that national governments were implicitly prepared to pay to protect their citizens as reflected in the economic activity foregone to save lives. These ‘price of life’ estimates vary enormously between countries, ranging from as low as around $100,000 (e.g. the UK, US and Italy) to in excess of $1million (e.g. Denmark, Germany, New Zealand and Korea). The lowest estimates are further reduced once we correct for under-reporting of Covid-19 deaths. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10640-020-00466-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836862/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00466-5 id: cord-290731-xp7pgbkd author: Balmforth, D. title: Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Midst of a Pandemic: Operative outcomes and maintaining a COVID-19-free environment. date: 2020-09-23 words: 1686.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290731-xp7pgbkd.txt summary: A comprehensive protocol was implemented to maintain a COVID-19 free environment including the pre-operative screening of all patients, the use of full personal protective equipment in areas with aerosol generating procedures, and separate treatment pathways for patients with and without the virus Results A total of 156 patients underwent major cardiac and thoracic surgery over the study period. Conclusion Our early experience demonstrates that it is possible to perform major cardiac and thoracic surgery with low operative mortality and zero development of post-operative COVID-19 infection. In 113 addition to the routine collection of pre-operative demographics, data was collected on the 114 results of COVID-19 screening tests both pre-and post-operatively, as well as patient 115 outcomes including in-hospital mortality and discharge destination. Patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery followed tailored pathways aimed at 120 maintaining a COVID-free environment in dedicated intensive therapy units (ITU) and 121 wards. abstract: Objective In the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the cessation of elective surgery. However, there remains a need to provide urgent and emergency cardiac and thoracic surgery as well as to continue time-critical thoracic cancer surgery. This study describes our early experience of implementing a protocol to safely deliver major cardiac and thoracic surgery in the midst of the pandemic. Methods Data on all patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at a single tertiary referral centre in London was prospectively collated during the first 7 weeks of lockdown in the United Kingdom. A comprehensive protocol was implemented to maintain a COVID-19 free environment including the pre-operative screening of all patients, the use of full personal protective equipment in areas with aerosol generating procedures, and separate treatment pathways for patients with and without the virus Results A total of 156 patients underwent major cardiac and thoracic surgery over the study period. Operative mortality was 9% in the cardiac patients and 1.4% in thoracic patients. The pre-operative COVID-19 protocol implemented resulted in 18 patients testing positive for COVID-19 infection and 13 patients having their surgery delayed. No patients who were negative for COVID-19 infection on pre-operative screening tested positive post-operatively. However, one thoracic patient tested positive on intra-operative broncho-alveolar lavage. Conclusion Our early experience demonstrates that it is possible to perform major cardiac and thoracic surgery with low operative mortality and zero development of post-operative COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666273620301133?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2020.09.003 id: cord-342919-ls2q1g0v author: Balsamo, Michela title: Italians on the Age of COVID-19: The Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms Through Web-Based Survey date: 2020-10-16 words: 6933.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342919-ls2q1g0v.txt summary: In the very early stage of the nationwide lockdown, 3,672 quarantined Italian adult residents (65% females, ranging from 18 to 85 years) participated in a web-based cross-sectional survey, including measures of depressive symptoms, which were measured by the Teate depression inventory, and state anxiety levels. Females, younger people, students, singles, residents in northern Italy, people who were reluctant to adhere to quarantine guidelines, and people less worried about being infected with COVID-19 were at high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic, also after controlling for state anxiety. Research evidence aims of this study were to explore (1) the likely effects of quarantine on mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms), immediately after the nationwide lockdown issued by the Italian Government, and (2) the factors that contribute to, or mitigate, these consequences. Compared to the previous model, no statistical differences were found in sex, age, and adherence level to quarantine guidelines groups when predicting depression symptom severity, when controlling for anxiety (see Appendix A). abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the Italian community. The widespread use of quarantine had the desired impact of controlling the epidemic, although it caused many psychological consequences. To date, compliance of the Italian public with voluntary home quarantine has been very high, but little is known about the impact of psychological health on sociodemographic categories during the quarantine. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in specific sociodemographic categories during the COVID-19 quarantine lockdown and the potential factors that contribute to, or mitigate, these effects. In the very early stage of the nationwide lockdown, 3,672 quarantined Italian adult residents (65% females, ranging from 18 to 85 years) participated in a web-based cross-sectional survey, including measures of depressive symptoms, which were measured by the Teate depression inventory, and state anxiety levels. The overall prevalence was 27.8% for moderate and 9.3% for severe levels of depressive symptoms. A generalized logistic model was used to identify the factors associated with mental health problems. Among these factors, sociodemographic variables (e.g., sex, age, employment status) and adherence to quarantine guidelines were analyzed. Females, younger people, students, singles, residents in northern Italy, people who were reluctant to adhere to quarantine guidelines, and people less worried about being infected with COVID-19 were at high risk of developing depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 epidemic, also after controlling for state anxiety. These findings showed that public levels of depressive symptoms did not increase the greater likelihood of being infected. Our study suggested that the monitoring of psychological outcomes for outbreaks could identify groups at higher risk of psychological morbidities due to the current pandemic in order to target future psychological interventions for implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178074/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569276 id: cord-256719-njrjepor author: Balsari, Satchit title: COVID-19 care in India: the course to self-reliance date: 2020-08-24 words: 1009.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256719-njrjepor.txt summary: The public health response to COVID-19 in India has been highly centralised, resulting in a homogenous strategy applied across a sixth of the world''s population. Until April 27, 2020, national guidelines required that all symptomatic patients and families be transferred to health-care facilities and isolated away from their homes, and entire neighbourhoods be declared containment zones. 1 This strategy overwhelmed the health-care system in India''s most populous cities, including Mumbai and Delhi, and precluded access for non-COVID care. Most people with COVID-19 can be cared for at home, and there is no justification for institutionalising those with mild or no symptoms. 7 India''s general practitioners and community health workers, can effectively monitor a patient''s vital signs at home via in-person visits or telemedicine, distribute and encourage the use of masks and soap for handwashing, advise selfpronation, and, when possible, use adjuncts like pulse oximeters. New guidelines for home isolation of people with very mild symptoms of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214109X20303843 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30384-3 id: cord-355074-u5s3uzp6 author: Bamgboye, Ebun L. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different? date: 2020-11-03 words: 3829.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt summary: We also collected data on variables that could explain the apparent differences in COVID-19 case numbers, mortality, and tests in Africa, compared to other parts of the world. Case numbers, mortality, number of tests performed, and demographic data were summarized and compared by continents, regions, and countries within the continent of Africa. The number of cases per million population (pmp) globally is 2,278, with South America (9549 pmp), North America (9,331) and Europe (3,842) the most affected regions, while Africa has a lower rate of 695 pmp ( Figure 2 ). Within the continent as well, countries with slightly older populations like Egypt and South Africa are also the ones with the highest numbers and the greater case fatality rates ( Figure 5 ). The prevalence of these conditions is greatest in the countries of the Maghreb and South Africa all of which have the highest case numbers and the worst CFR on the continent (Figures 6 and 7) . abstract: COVID-19 has now spread to all the continents of the world with the possible exception of Antarctica. However, Africa appears different when compared with all the other continents. The absence of exponential growth and the low mortality rates contrary to that experienced in other continents, and contrary to the projections for Africa by various agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO) has been a puzzle to many. Although Africa is the second most populous continent with an estimated 17.2% of the world's population, the continent accounts for only 5% of the total cases and 3% of the mortality. Mortality for the whole of Africa remains at a reported 19,726 as at August 01, 2020. The onset of the pandemic was later, the rate of rise has been slower and the severity of illness and case fatality rates have been lower in comparison to other continents. In addition, contrary to what had been documented in other continents, the occurrence of the renal complications in these patients also appeared to be much lower. This report documents the striking differences between the continents and within the continent of Africa itself and then attempts to explain the reasons for these differences. It is hoped that information presented in this review will help policymakers in the fight to contain the pandemic, particularly within Africa with its resource-constrained health care systems. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S002796842030345X doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.10.001 id: cord-284327-psz2usnx author: Banda, J. title: KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAWI date: 2020-06-18 words: 3709.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284327-psz2usnx.txt summary: During an interview by mobile phone, we ascertained sources of information about COVID-19 and we evaluated knowledge of respondents about the transmission and course of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization [3] , controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in local communities requires adopting preventive behaviors that either a) reduce the extent of contacts between population members or b) limit the likelihood that the coronavirus will be transmitted if such contact occurs. We then asked a series of questions about the COVID-19 pandemic, including sources of information, knowledge of transmission patterns and disease course, and preventive behaviors. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 doi: medRxiv preprint questions that asked respondents whether they agreed with several statements about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (5 statements), and the course and risk factors of COVID-19 (6 statements). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 doi: medRxiv preprint available information, respondents had imperfect knowledge of the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and particularly of the course and severity of COVID-19. abstract: Background: There are limited data on knowledge and behaviors related to COVID-19, and on the adoption of preventive behaviors, in sub-Saharan countries. Methods: Between April 25th and May 23rd, we contacted 793 individuals aged 18 and older, who previously participated in studies conducted in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Karonga District, Malawi. During an interview by mobile phone, we ascertained sources of information about COVID-19 and we evaluated knowledge of respondents about the transmission and course of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. We also asked them to evaluate their own risk of infection and severe illness. Finally, we inquired about the preventive measures they had adopted in response to the pandemic. We describe patterns of knowledge and behaviors among survey respondents, by area of residence (rural vs. urban). Results: We interviewed 630 respondents (79.5% response rate) which included 260 men and 370 women. Four hundred and eighty-nine respondents resided in rural areas (77.6%) and 141 resided in urban areas (22.4%). Only one respondent had never heard of COVID-19. Respondents reported on average 4 distinct sources of information about COVID-19. Misconceptions about the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and about the course and severity of COVID-19, were common. For example, two thirds of respondents believed that everyone with COVID-19 would eventually become severely ill. Increased hand washing and avoiding crowds were the most reported strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Use of face masks was more common among urban residents (22.5%) than among rural residents (5.0%). Conclusion: Despite widespread access to information about the COVID-19 pandemic, gaps in knowledge about COVID-19 persist in this population. The adoption of preventive strategies remains limited, possibly due to limited perceived risk of infection among a large fraction of the population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133322 id: cord-323633-d0w8oqp8 author: Banda, J. M. title: Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data date: 2020-08-01 words: 998.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323633-d0w8oqp8.txt summary: title: Long-term patient-reported symptoms of COVID-19: an analysis of social media data In this work we present a preliminary characterization of post-COVID-19 symptoms using social media data from Twitter. We use a combination of natural language processing and clinician reviews to identify long term self-reported symptoms on a set of Twitter users. We mined and manually reviewed social media data from a selective set of Twitter feeds (#longcovid, #chroniccovid) to characterize patient reports of long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Two clinicians (GS, OA) manually reviewed these tweets to identify patients with COVID-19 and their self-reported symptoms, and to attribute ICD-10 codes to them. Our analysis of patient-reported long-term COVID-19 symptoms matches clinician-collected data recently reported by Carfi et al 5 . We have shown that researchers can leverage social media data, specifically Twitter, to conduct long-term post-COVID studies of patient-relevant and self-reported symptoms. abstract: As the COVID-19 virus continues to infect people across the globe, there is little understanding of the long term implications for recovered patients. There have been reports of persistent symptoms after confirmed infections on patients even after three months of initial recovery. While some of these patients have documented follow-ups on clinical records, or participate in longitudinal surveys, these datasets are usually not publicly available or standardized to perform longitudinal analyses on them. Therefore, there is a need to use additional data sources for continued follow-up and identification of latent symptoms that might be underreported in other places. In this work we present a preliminary characterization of post-COVID-19 symptoms using social media data from Twitter. We use a combination of natural language processing and clinician reviews to identify long term self-reported symptoms on a set of Twitter users. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.20164418 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164418 id: cord-142894-jrkqfl9p author: Bandt, Christoph title: Transparent Covid-19 prediction date: 2020-04-08 words: 3611.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-142894-jrkqfl9p.txt summary: Roughly speaking, the analysis of weekly new infections for each day is a tool for the definition and early detection of the turning point of the epidemic. Our estimates of the time course of Covid-19 activity and reproduction rates can reduce the information gap by several days. In general the estimated reproduction rates become undercritical a short time after the main lockdown measures, and the Covid-19 activity starts to decrease afterwards. To describe the global Covid-19 infections, Johns Hopkins University established the now famous database of cumulated numbers of confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries, for each day t and each country or region [10] . So because of the delay of 14 days, the number q t is an estimate for the daily reproduction rate of the disease at time t − 15.5. The reproduction rate crossed the critical line almost instantly, sometimes even before the main lockdown speech, and the apex of Covid-19 activity was reached very few days later. abstract: We present a very simple and transparent method to interpret time series of confirmed Covid-19 cases. Roughly speaking, the analysis of weekly new infections for each day is a tool for the definition and early detection of the turning point of the epidemic. In Italy, the growth of Covid-19 activity was overcome one week ago, Austria and Switzerland followed suit. This note emphasizes the crucial delay of two weeks between infection and listing of infection in a central database. Our estimates of the time course of Covid-19 activity and reproduction rates can reduce the information gap by several days. We show that Spain and Germany are already beyond the turning point. In general the estimated reproduction rates become undercritical a short time after the main lockdown measures, and the Covid-19 activity starts to decrease afterwards. This note gives a very optimistic outlook for all regions which have taken strict containment measures. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.04732v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-282721-bxg9zqyu author: Bandyopadhyay, G. title: Let us unite against COVID-19 – a New Zealand perspective date: 2020-05-14 words: 2180.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282721-bxg9zqyu.txt summary: In comparison to other countries, New Zealand has had a very low number of confirmed and probable cases as well as COVID-19-related deaths. On 21 March, a four-level COVID-19 alert system was introduced to specify public health and social measures to progressively move the country through phases to prepare, reduce, restrict and lockdown (New Zealand Government, 2020b). A three-month Epidemic Notice was declared on the same day as a public policy tool to help government agencies to act swiftly and effectively in a rapidly evolving crisis situation (Ministry of Health New Zealand, 2020b). Regardless, a surge of mental health presentations in children is expected as New Zealand exits level 4 lockdown. New Zealand has only just emerged from 33 days of alert level 4 lockdown where all non-essential services were closed. As COVID-19 has emerged in New Zealand, health care providers have had to adapt their patient consultation style. abstract: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has shaken the existence of mankind worldwide, including that of New Zealand. In comparison to other countries, New Zealand has had a very low number of confirmed and probable cases as well as COVID-19-related deaths. New Zealand closed its borders and rapidly declared a stringent lockdown to eliminate COVID-19. The country’s ‘go hard, go early’ policy serves as an exemplar for the rest of the world to date. The mysterious nature of COVID-19 has caused tremendous stress and uncertainty leading to universal conflict between public health and state economy. Mental health services and non-government organisations have been proactive in the fight against COVID-19. Though there has been no significant rise in referrals to secondary mental health services to date (4 May 2020), a rapid surge in mental health presentations is widely anticipated. Telehealth may prove to be an efficient and cost-effective tool for the provision of future health services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404225/ doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.44 id: cord-330639-1b278jcm author: Bandyopadhyay, S. title: Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a scoping review date: 2020-06-05 words: 6858.0 sentences: 470.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330639-1b278jcm.txt summary: Outcome measures Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19 specific data, demographics of affected HCWs, and public health measures employed Results A total of 152,888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs. From a cluster of patients with pneumonia linked to a wet market in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a full-blown pandemic (1, 2) . The aim of this scoping review was to, therefore, estimate the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in HCWs in every country in the world, with further demographical analyses where data was available. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20119594 doi: medRxiv preprint Appendix S7: Supplementary figures for the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths reported in healthcare worker per country as of 08/05/2020 . abstract: Objectives To estimate COVID-19 infections and deaths in healthcare workers (HCWs) from a global perspective. Design Scoping review. Methods Two parallel searches of academic bibliographic databases and grey literature were undertaken. Governments were also contacted for further information where possible. Due to the time-sensitive nature of the review and the need to report the most up-to-date information for an ever-evolving situation, there were no restrictions on language, information sources utilised, publication status, and types of sources of evidence. The AACODS checklist was used to appraise each source of evidence. Outcome measures Publication characteristics, country-specific data points, COVID-19 specific data, demographics of affected HCWs, and public health measures employed Results A total of 152,888 infections and 1413 deaths were reported. Infections were mainly in women (71.6%) and nurses (38.6%), but deaths were mainly in men (70.8%) and doctors (51.4%). Limited data suggested that general practitioners and mental health nurses were the highest risk specialities for deaths. There were 37.17 deaths reported per 100 infections for healthcare workers aged over 70. Europe had the highest absolute numbers of reported infections (119628) and deaths (712), but the Eastern Mediterranean region had the highest number of reported deaths per 100 infections (5.7). Conclusions HCW COVID-19 infections and deaths follow that of the general world population. The reasons for gender and speciality differences require further exploration, as do the low rates reported from Africa and India. Although physicians working in certain specialities may be considered high-risk due to exposure to oronasal secretions, the risk to other specialities must not be underestimated. Elderly HCWs may require assigning to less risky settings such as telemedicine, or administrative positions. Our pragmatic approach provides general trends, and highlights the need for universal guidelines for testing and reporting of infections in HCWs. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20119594v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119594 id: cord-269537-h3lzl1un author: Banerjee, Aditi title: Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 2937.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269537-h3lzl1un.txt summary: Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca(++) caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus''s own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress and sustained UPR signaling are major contributors to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including inflammatory disorders and viral infections [15] and can increase the severity of these events [16] . Endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE-1 signaling cause apoptosis in colon cancer cells in response to andrographolide treatment abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by 2019–nCov/SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with an urgent need for understanding the mechanisms and identifying a treatment. Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca(++) caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus's own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Several clinical trials are on-going including testing Remdesivir (anti-viral), Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives (anti-malarial drugs) etc. Unfortunately, each drug has specific limitations. Herein, we review the viral protein involvement to activate ER stress transducers (IRE-1, PERK, ATF-6) and their downstream signals; and evaluate combination therapies for COVID-19 mediated ER stress alterations. Melatonin is an immunoregulator, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and ER stress modulator during viral infections. It enhances protective mechanisms for respiratory tract disorders. Andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has versatile biological activities including immunomodulation and determining SARS-CoV-2 binding site. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32454157/ doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117842 id: cord-282202-q2q4vies author: Banerjee, Amitava title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 words: 4106.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt summary: DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). "Learning is difficult in the midst of an emergency" [7] , but our ability to deliver timely, high-impact clinical research, relevant to patients and populations, is critical across the academic spectrum [8] , from "bench to bedside to big data", whether basic biology, repurposed and novel therapeutic approaches, vaccines or modelling. Our aims were to: (i) model potential impact of the pandemic on clinical academic capacity in England relating to COVID-19; and (ii) develop evidence-based recommendations to inform the optimal scientific response to COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to model the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the clinical academic response in England, and to provide recommendations for COVID-related research. DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). SETTING: Clinical academics in primary and secondary care in England. PARTICIPANTS: Equivalent of 3200 full-time clinical academics in England. INTERVENTIONS: Four policy approaches to COVID-19 with differing population infection rates: “Italy model” (6%), “mitigation” (10%), “relaxed mitigation” (40%) and “do-nothing” (80%) scenarios. Low and high strain on the health system (no clinical academics able to do research at 10% and 5% infection rate, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of full-time clinical academics available to conduct clinical research during the pandemic in England. RESULTS: In the “Italy model”, “mitigation”, “relaxed mitigation” and “do-nothing” scenarios, from 5 March 2020 the duration (days) and peak infection rates (%) are 95(2.4%), 115(2.5%), 240(5.3%) and 240(16.7%) respectively. Near complete attrition of academia (87% reduction, <400 clinical academics) occurs 35 days after pandemic start for 11, 34, 62, 76 days respectively—with no clinical academics at all for 37 days in the “do-nothing” scenario. Restoration of normal academic workforce (80% of normal capacity) takes 11, 12, 30 and 26 weeks respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic COVID-19 crushes the science needed at system level. National policies mitigate, but the academic community needs to adapt. We highlight six key strategies: radical prioritisation (eg 3–4 research ideas per institution), deep resourcing, non-standard leadership (repurposing of key non-frontline teams), rationalisation (profoundly simple approaches), careful site selection (eg protected sites with large academic backup) and complete suspension of academic competition with collaborative approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 id: cord-283065-c22zpwr8 author: Banerjee, Indrajit title: The changing pattern of COVID-19 in Nepal: A Global concern- A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-30 words: 4715.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283065-c22zpwr8.txt summary: According to the latest WHO Nepal Situation Updates on COVID-19, the majority of the SARS-CoV-2 patients are male and the largest stake of these cases are in the cohort of 15-24 years, this is followed by the cohort of 25-34 years and 35-45 years respectively [13] . A combination of Keywords was used "COVID 19", OR " Coronavirus", OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Mortality" OR "Death" OR "Age " OR "World" OR "Global" AND "Nepal" Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria All of the research articles that were incorporated into the study were of the English language and was original research, published between January 25, 2020 and June 20, 2020; which focused on the age and the mortality of COVID-19 positive cases, and was focused on countries viz. abstract: This narrative review of the literature aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the younger age group in terms of the Global mortality of COVID-19 in comparison to Nepal. An extensive literature survey of English literature was conducted using Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, Embase, WHO Nepal Situation Updates on COVID-19, Situation update report, Ministry of Health and Population-Nepal from January 25, 2020 to June 20, 2020. According to the Ministry of Health and population of The Government of Nepal, as of June 20, 2020, out of a total of 8,605 laboratory confirmed cases reported to date, the pattern shows that most of the cases fell into the cohort of 21-30 years (37.72%), followed by 11-20 years (24.35 %), 31-40 years (21.97%) and 41-50 years (9.2%). To date Nepal has recorded a total of twenty-two deaths. At first evaluation these figures may not strike one as alarming, but on further investigation it is noted that the mean age is 42. 32 ± 19.632 SD years, and out of which male patients accounted for 77.3% and female accounted for 22.7%. The current situation of COVID-19 and how it develops in Nepal should be closely monitored and could be of international concern as it may be the early indicator of a changing pattern in COVID-19 infections. Nepal may therefore act as a global watch dog, due to the fact that the world could very possibly expose the younger age group under the notion that they are more resilient to the virus, when in reality that notion may be changing. This trend must be monitored and further investigated in order to establish the risk of the events unfolding in Nepal. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874698/ doi: 10.3126/nje.v10i2.29769 id: cord-272872-w592wmvr author: Banerjee, Sourav title: A Preliminary Report of COVID-19 in Children in India date: 2020-07-28 words: 1009.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272872-w592wmvr.txt summary: We describe the profile of COVID-19 in children from India in this multicentre observational study from tertiary care hospitals in West Bengal. Data of children up to 12 years presenting with positive results on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test were included. We collected data of children younger than 12 years admitted in tertiary care institutes, including COVID designated hospitals, of West Bengal. RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) approved medical laboratory, data regarding clinical details, exposure history, hospital course and outcome were collected in pre-designed proforma. Some studies [5] have raised concerns about the appearance of a novel severe Kawasaki-like disease in children in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection [6] . Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units Clinical features and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: We describe the profile of COVID-19 in children from India in this multicentre observational study from tertiary care hospitals in West Bengal. Data of children up to 12 years presenting with positive results on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test were included. The median (IQR) age of the 41 patients included was 1 (0.42-5.0) year. Eleven (26.8%) patients, including 6 neonates, never showed any symptoms. Fever was seen in only 9 patients (21%), and co-morbities were found in 61% of patients. There was one death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729849/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-2004-6 id: cord-271432-pn02p843 author: Banerjee, Tannista title: U.S. county level analysis to determine If social distancing slowed the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 3743.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271432-pn02p843.txt summary: That is, social distancing in this study was measured by what proportion of a county''s population is staying home completely; how much time they were spending indoors, versus outdoors, in public spaces like working full-time, which is critical for this analysis. To analyze the effect of these social distancing measures on COVID-19 cases and how this effect is working on the treatment counties comparing to the control counties, we estimated the following difference-in-difference (DID) model: Column 1 of Table 2 shows that after controlling for county, state, time and county-time fixed effects, counties where NPIs were enacted, full time work and distance-travelled-from-home increased the COVID-19 cases by 54% (p-value 0.001) and 13% (p-value 0.001), respectively. After 15 days of enactment of the NPIs, the effects of full time work and distance travelled from home on COVID-19 infection increased to 84% and 25% (compared to 54% and 13% immediate effects). abstract: OBJECTIVE. To analyze the effectiveness of social distancing in the United States (U.S.). METHODS. A novel cell-phone ping data was used to quantify the measures of social distancing by all U.S. counties. RESULTS. Using a difference-in-difference approach results show that social distancing has been effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS. As policymakers face the very difficult question of the necessity and effectiveness of social distancing across the U.S., counties where the policies have been imposed have effectively increased social distancing and have seen slowing the spread of COVID-19. These results might help policymakers to make the public understand the risks and benefits of the lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.90 doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.90 id: cord-356061-w7q1i0mj author: Bani Hani, Diab A. title: Successful Anesthetic Management in Cesarean Section for Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 1921.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356061-w7q1i0mj.txt summary: Patient: Female, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Pregnancy Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • spinal anesthesia Specialty: Anesthesiology OBJECTIVE: Unusual setting of medical care BACKGROUND: The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the mindful use of financial and human resources. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old pregnant woman, G2P1 at 37+4 weeks of gestation, was referred to our center on March 28, 2020, after she had tested positive for COVID-19. However, pregnant women who developed COVID-19-associated pneumonia have an increased risk for obstetric complications (e.g., preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia, cesarean section [CS] ) [1, 4, 5] . For the anesthetic procedure, the anesthesia team wore their operating room scrubs, then they headed toward the isolation unit. Pregnant women with positive or suspected COVID-19 status should be cared for in negative pressure rooms before, during, and after delivery [1] . abstract: Patient: Female, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Pregnancy Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • spinal anesthesia Specialty: Anesthesiology OBJECTIVE: Unusual setting of medical care BACKGROUND: The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the mindful use of financial and human resources. Preventing infections and preserving resources and manpower are crucial in healthcare. It is important to ensure the ability of surgeons and specialized interventionalists to function through the pandemic. Until now, no justified protocol has been reported for the anesthetic management in cesarean section (CS). CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old pregnant woman, G2P1 at 37+4 weeks of gestation, was referred to our center on March 28, 2020, after she had tested positive for COVID-19. She was stable and the CS was planned after she reached term. Through spinal anesthesia, CS was conducted. The anesthesia team was protected with full personal protection equipment. The operation was carried out smoothly without complication. A female neonate was delivered and was tested to be negative for COVID-19. No medical staff cross-infection was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Special precautions should be considered when pregnant women are undergoing CS. Spinal anesthesia is preferred over general anesthesia. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.925512 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925512 id: cord-278459-27lppl6x author: Banjar, Weam M. title: Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date: 2020-07-17 words: 1856.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt summary: title: Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience 1, 6 The exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in China caused stress and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs). Due to direct exposure to infected patients, and the demanding nature of their duties, frontline HCWs are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than those indirectly involved in managing the pandemic, and they may need psychological intervention. 5, 10, 11 Reports of mental health problems caused by COVID-19 among HCWs are increasing. As the epidemic curve escalated, the anxiety and tension grew among frontline HCWs. Healthcare facilities quickly realised that demanding professional duty in a challenging work atmosphere with an increasing workload would undermine the mental health of frontline HCWs, and mandated the establishment of mental health support programs. Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.006 id: cord-291768-68xr2ycm author: Bankole, Taofik Olatunji title: Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region: mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time? date: 2020-10-17 words: 5955.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt summary: Data including daily reports on the total reported cases of COVID-19 infection and the number of related patient deaths were extracted for Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Niger, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal over the time span covered in this study. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 show the trends in the percentage increase in the rate of reported cases of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Republic of Niger, West Africa, and the world, respectively. Our findings, therefore, suggest that if the relatively lower incidence of growth in the reported cases of COVID-19 in West Africa is as a result of the availability of an improved or functional healthcare delivery system, the number of deaths across covered countries and of the region as a whole should have declined gradually rather than the present gradually increasing rate of deaths that are being recorded. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines the growth trends in the COVID-19 pandemic and fatalities arising from its complications among tested patients in West Africa. Countries around the world have employed several measures in order to control the spread of the disease. In spite of the poor state of the healthcare delivery system in West Africa, the spread of the pandemic is relatively low compared to reported cases in other regions of the world. The study addresses this phenomenon by asking the question: is the low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region a mitigating healthcare delivery system or just a matter of time? METHODS: The study adopted a cross-sectional time series method. Data for Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Niger Republic, and global data were extracted from the World Health Organization COVID-19 databank. Data were extracted in intervals of 7 days from March 15 through April 19, 2020. Data regarding the incidence growth rate and fatalities arising from COVID-19 complications were generated from the total reported cases and fatalities over specified periods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out using Stata version 14. RESULTS: Results showed that the trends in growth patterns of COVID-19 for Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Republic of Niger, and West Africa generally followed the same fluctuating curves. The COVID-19 pandemic accounted for 92.3%, 97.8%, 90.3%, 65%, 90.4%, 93.6%, and 97% of complications that led to deaths of patients in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Niger Republic, Ivory Coast, and West Africa, respectively. Also, the results established that there was a significant positive association between increased incidence of COVID-19 and percentage increase in fatalities arising from its complications in West Africa (ß = 0.032; t = 12.70; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The threat presently posed by COVID-19 seems to be minimal in West Africa despite the poor state of the healthcare delivery system in the region. It is unlikely, however, that the region is well prepared for the pandemic in the event that it escalates out of control with time. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01394-w doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01394-w id: cord-326400-yl3pisxt author: Bansal, Devanshu title: Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 words: 515.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326400-yl3pisxt.txt summary: title: Urological Surgeries During Exit from National Lockdown During COVID-19 Pandemic Benign urologic conditions can be divided into three categories (Table 1) , and may have significant detrimental effect on quality of life of patients. While scheduling surgeries, a tiered system as proposed by us may be followed, so that patients who have been postponed once are able to get the required care (Table 1 ). Once planned for surgery, every patient should be screened for symptoms and tested for COVID-19. During surgery, all internationally recommended precautions should be followed. Effect of COVID-19 related lockdown on ophthalmic practice and patient care in India: results of a survey Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02571-7 doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02571-7 id: cord-289067-ptqzvsdw author: Bansal, Priya title: Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist date: 2020-04-04 words: 8135.0 sentences: 467.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289067-ptqzvsdw.txt summary: Understanding risks and consequences of burnout magnified by COVID-19; identifying historical parallels of the pandemic while appreciating new challenges of social media; leveraging new technologies to care for patients, staff, colleagues, and ourselves while managing responsibilities at home; and using wellness resources at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and state physician health programs as needed can help each of us navigate uncharted waters together, even while practicing social distancing. In addition to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, trusted medical organizations such as the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the World Health Organization can be accessed for resources to help clinicians prepare but can also be used to curate and share information with others as well. abstract: The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820303275 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.001 id: cord-343970-anocx4y1 author: Bansal, Rashika title: Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course date: 2020-06-30 words: 6526.0 sentences: 409.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343970-anocx4y1.txt summary: ACE2 is expressed in pancreatic islets, vascular endothelium, and adipose tissue, and the SARS-CoV-2 -ACE2 interaction in these tissues, along with other factors, govern the spectrum and the severity of clinical manifestations among COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic syndrome may contribute towards COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, including sub-optimal immune responses, hyper-inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 virus attaches to the host cell membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that is expressed in many cells, including the respiratory epithelial cells (type II alveolar A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t epithelial cells), myocardium, Leydig cells and cells in seminiferous ducts in the testes, vascular endothelial cells, proximal renal tubular cells, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, urothelial cells lining the bladder, alveolar monocytes, macrophages, and in both exocrine pancreas and pancreatic islets (43, (46) (47) (48) . abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for poor disease outcomes and mortality from COVID-19. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for these observations have not been fully elucidated. A critical interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) facilitates viral entry into the host cell. ACE2 is expressed in pancreatic islets, vascular endothelium, and adipose tissue, and the SARS-CoV-2 -ACE2 interaction in these tissues, along with other factors, govern the spectrum and the severity of clinical manifestations among COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic syndrome may contribute towards COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, including sub-optimal immune responses, hyper-inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. This review describes the spectrum of clinical features, the likely pathophysiologic mechanisms and potential implications for the management of metabolic syndrome in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa112 doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa112 id: cord-285402-x86yw525 author: Banskota, Swechya title: 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 words: 5253.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285402-x86yw525.txt summary: App categories were determined based on app categories already in place on the Apple Store, with the exception of a category to address the specific needs of OAs with visual and hearing impairment, for which we did a custom search using the terms "blind" and "deaf" Details about the app developer, cost (both to download and for services included in the app), function, ratings and reviews, and user experience (in the form of anecdotes) were searched and summarized. App ratings ≥ 4.5 and ≥ 3,000 reviews on the Apple Store Exceptions • Facetime was included due to known popularity and use • Medisafe was given an exemption from exclusion due to known beneficence from background literature search health, and meets OAs'' various social and functional needs during social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs’ quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 id: cord-123970-qikmhoo4 author: Bao, Forrest Sheng title: Triaging moderate COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias from routine blood tests date: 2020-05-13 words: 7144.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-123970-qikmhoo4.txt summary: Trained on blood data from 208 moderate COVID-19 subjects and 86 subjects with non-COVID-19 moderate viral pneumonia, the best result is obtained in an SVM-based classifier with an accuracy of 84%, a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 80%, and a precision of 92%. The 3 groups of subjects thus form 3 binary classification tasks: 1 Medical workers need help the most from the primary task of differentiating moderate COVID-19 cases from 1 The numbers are not 118 vs 208 because 5 samples have too many missing values in additional features in Table 2 . We pick two empirically effective and robust families of classifiers, random forests (RFs) and support vector machines (SVMs), as representatives to study the general feasibility and effectiveness of using ML to make use of routine blood tests for COVID-19 triage. abstract: The COVID-19 is sweeping the world with deadly consequences. Its contagious nature and clinical similarity to other pneumonias make separating subjects contracted with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia a priority and a challenge. However, COVID-19 testing has been greatly limited by the availability and cost of existing methods, even in developed countries like the US. Intrigued by the wide availability of routine blood tests, we propose to leverage them for COVID-19 testing using the power of machine learning. Two proven-robust machine learning model families, random forests (RFs) and support vector machines (SVMs), are employed to tackle the challenge. Trained on blood data from 208 moderate COVID-19 subjects and 86 subjects with non-COVID-19 moderate viral pneumonia, the best result is obtained in an SVM-based classifier with an accuracy of 84%, a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 80%, and a precision of 92%. The results are found explainable from both machine learning and medical perspectives. A privacy-protected web portal is set up to help medical personnel in their practice and the trained models are released for developers to further build other applications. We hope our results can help the world fight this pandemic and welcome clinical verification of our approach on larger populations. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06546v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-300866-cso6l6ze author: Bao, Yi title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report date: 2020-05-23 words: 4252.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300866-cso6l6ze.txt summary: Both SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were negative (24 h interval), Fig. 2 The treatment of COVID-19 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage suggesting that antiviral treatment was effective. On February 29, the patient did not have high fever again, the results of the cerebrospinal fluid review showed that it was light red, no clot, protein decreased to 0.8 g/L, sugar increased to 4.45 mmol/L, and white blood cells decreased to 37 × 10 6 G/L, of which monocytes accounted for 74%. The patient''s cerebrospinal fluid showed improvement, and since the two re-examinations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was negative, and the antiviral treatment with Abidol, Ribavirin, and Oseltamivir had reached the course of treatment, so it was discontinued. However, in combination with the patient''s high fever, lymphocytopenia, increased neutrophils, and poor antibacterial treatment effect, the clinical manifestations conform to the COVID-19 characteristics, and nucleic acid detection is required. abstract: COVID-19 is currently a pandemic in the world, can invade multiple systems, and has a high morbidity and mortality. So far, no cases of acute cerebrovascular disease have been reported. This article reports the clinical features of a COVID-19 patient whose first symptom was cerebral hemorrhage. More importantly, after the craniotomy, the patient had high fever and it was difficult to retreat. After cerebrospinal fluid testing, it was determined that an intracranial infection had occurred. After anti-infection and plasma infusion of the recovered person, the patient’s symptoms gradually improved. This case suggests that COVID-19 may infringe on cerebral blood vessels and cause cerebral hemorrhage. Transfusion of plasma from rehabilitation patients is effective for critically ill patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838132/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00315-y id: cord-023988-u60l07jv author: Bao, Yinyin title: Snapshots of Life—Early Career Materials Scientists Managing in the Midst of a Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 4647.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023988-u60l07jv.txt summary: After a two-week self-quarantine, I worked hard in the lab and tried to get as many results as possible, since I realized that universities in the US could also be shut down in the near future, which happened one month later. ■ LONG CHEN, PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, TIANJIN UNIVERSITY During the locked-down period in our city since February, although the laboratories are still closed and all the students keep staying in their hometown, we all have great confidence that our country, and the entire world, can win this COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our team is made up of a number of graduate student researchers and postdocs from LBNL and UC Berkeley who specialize in natural language processing methods for analyzing materials science literature, but we were approached about a month ago by colleagues from the Innovative Genomics Institute about applying some of our techniques to the COVID-19 literature. This summer, I was planning on staying on UBC campus doing research and continuing my work as a teaching assistant until COVID-19 got in the way. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7182139/ doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01624 id: cord-271528-ob4l0bcf author: Bar-Zeev, Naor title: COVID-19 vaccines: early success and remaining challenges date: 2020-09-04 words: 1498.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271528-ob4l0bcf.txt summary: In The Lancet, Denis Y Logunov and colleagues from the N F Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia present findings from two phase 1/2, non-randomised, open-label studies of a heterologous, replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccine in both frozen and lyophilised formulations. In Logunov and colleagues'' studies, however, the threshold for neutralisation was set high in two regards: the inoculating viral dose was large, and no arising cellular damage was allowable. Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open-label, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620318675 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31867-5 id: cord-262286-flc5f9wh author: Baral, S. D. title: The Relationship between the Global Burden of Influenza from 2017-2019 and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 words: 4279.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262286-flc5f9wh.txt summary: Methods Weekly surveillance data reported in FluNet from January 2017-December 2019 for influenza and World Health Organization for COVID-19 (to May 31, 2020) across the seven World Bank regions were used to assess the total and annual number of influenza and COVID-19 cases per country, within and across all regions, to generate comparative descending ranks from highest to lowest burden of disease. As of June, 2020, Europe and the Americas regions have registered the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths while South-East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Western Pacific have experienced comparatively milder epidemics 1 . Outside of East Asia and the Pacific, regions with lower levels of COVID-19 generally ranked lower in influenza burden using historical data. . seasonal influenza pattern, several sub-Saharan African countries (e.g. Sudan) were not included in the comparison of rankings despite high COVID-19 and influenza burden. abstract: Background SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza are lipid-enveloped viruses with differential morbidity and mortality but shared modes of transmission. We assessed whether historical patterns of regional influenza burden are reflected in the observed heterogeneity in COVID-19 cases across and within regions of the world. Methods Weekly surveillance data reported in FluNet from January 2017-December 2019 for influenza and World Health Organization for COVID-19 (to May 31, 2020) across the seven World Bank regions were used to assess the total and annual number of influenza and COVID-19 cases per country, within and across all regions, to generate comparative descending ranks from highest to lowest burden of disease. Results Across and within regions, rankings of influenza and COVID-19 were relatively consistent. Europe and Central Asia and North America ranked first and second for COVID-19 and second and first for influenza, respectively. East Asia and the Pacific traditionally ranked higher for influenza but to date, has been less affected by COVID-19. Between regions, Sub-Saharan Africa ranked amongst the least affected by both influenza and COVID-19. Conclusion Consistency in distribution of the burden of COVID-19 and influenza suggest shared individual, structural, and environmental determinants of transmission. Regions with discrepancies between influenza and COVID-19 burden may provide further insight into the potential impact of non-pharmacologic interventions and intersections with environmental conditions. Ultimately, forecasting trends and informing interventions for novel respiratory pathogens like COVID-19 should leverage patterns in the relative burden of past respiratory pathogens and the relative impact of non-pharmacologic intervention strategies as prior information. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.20134346 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134346 id: cord-331105-wdkdc0pw author: Baral, Stefan David title: The Public Health Response to COVID-19: Balancing Precaution and Unintended Consequences date: 2020-05-08 words: 1679.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331105-wdkdc0pw.txt summary: As we develop mathematical models to guide programs and implementation strategies for the next phase of pandemic response, it will be increasingly important to: a) account for implementation-relevant heterogeneity in the epidemiology of cases and morbidity and mortality as well as in the response; and b) holistically consider not only the breadth of potential health outcomes resulting from COVID-19 and the corresponding response, but also the heterogeneity of epidemic burden, health systems culture and infrastructure, and existing health disparities at the local, state/provincial, and national levels. In summary, our success as a society in combating COVID-19 will rapidly be judged by how effectively we can move from a "one-size-fits-all" approach to a locally responsive, nuanced public health strategy that accounts for both an increased breadth of health consequences and the striking epidemiologic heterogeneity that has characterized the pandemic from its beginning. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047279720301721?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001 id: cord-308527-scxemthv author: Barauna, V. G. title: Ultra-rapid on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using simple ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and analysis algorithm: high sensitivity and specificity date: 2020-11-04 words: 4219.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308527-scxemthv.txt summary: Herein, we applied a superfast reagent-free and non-destructive approach of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with subsequent chemometric analysis to the interrogation of virus-infected samples. Figure 1a shows a typical spectrum of inactivated gamma-irradiated Covid-19 virus particles (e SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br GenBank accession number MT 126808.1) (18); at 1582 copies/ml, an ATR-FTIR spectrum with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 doi: medRxiv preprint control saliva in comparison with saliva spiked inactivated virus particle at various copy number levels highlighted an ability to detect virus particle-induced spectral alterations at levels that would be considered extremely low in the pharyngeal cavity of infected humans (symptomatic or asymptomatic). ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 doi: medRxiv preprint Consequently, five GA-LDA selected variables were identified, each which significantly (P <0.01) discriminates negative and Covid-19 positive swab samples ( Figure 6 , Table 2 ). abstract: There is an urgent need for ultra-rapid testing regimens to detect the SARS-CoV-2 [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2] virus infections in real-time within seconds to stop its spread. Current testing approaches for this RNA virus focus primarily on diagnosis by RT-qPCR, which is time-consuming, costly, often inaccurate and impractical for general population rollout due to the need for laboratory processing. The latency until the test result arrives with the patient has led to further virus spread. Furthermore, latest antigen rapid tests still require 15 to 30 min processing time and are challenging to handle. Despite increased PCR-test and antigen-test efforts the pandemic has entered the worldwide second stage. Herein, we applied a superfast reagent-free and non-destructive approach of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with subsequent chemometric analysis to the interrogation of virus-infected samples. Contrived samples with inactivated gamma-irradiated Covid-19 virus particles at levels down to 1582 copies/ml generated infrared (IR) spectra with good signal-to-noise ratio. Predominant virus spectral peaks are associated with nucleic acid bands, including RNA. At low copy numbers, the presence of virus particle was found to be capable of modifying the IR spectral signature of saliva, again with discriminating wavenumbers primarily associated with RNA. Discrimination was also achievable following ATR-FTIR spectral analysis of swabs immersed in saliva variously spiked with virus. Following on, we nested our test system in a clinical setting wherein participants were recruited to provide demographic details, symptoms, parallel RT-qPCR testing and the acquisition of pharyngeal swabs for ATR-FTIR spectral analysis. Initial categorisation of swab samples into negative versus positive Covid-19 infection was based on symptoms and PCR results. Following training and validation of a genetic algorithm-linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) algorithm, a blind sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 89% was achieved. This prompt approach generates results within two minutes and is applicable in areas with increased people traffic that require sudden test results such as airports, events or gate controls. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20223560 id: cord-349757-lhdkps01 author: Barba, Maddalena title: Cancer patients and coronavirus disease 2019: evidence in context date: 2020-08-15 words: 1862.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349757-lhdkps01.txt summary: Some authors have hypothesized an increased infection risk for cancer patients, with a more severe disease, requiring a reorganization of health care system that could disrupt an established high quality cancer care routine in many developed countries. Other authors have attempted to interpret data related to cancer patients by better defining their "active status". Cancer treatments have been optimally discussed elsewhere in reference to their deleterious impact on the immunological status of cancer patients, with potential consequences in terms of increased risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and less favorable outcomes [2] . Whichever the specific context, the deriving key elements will inform subsequent steps in health policy programming and conduct of further research tailored on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease development in specific patients'' categories, including cancer patients. abstract: In the rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, inherent literature has been increasing at an impressive rate. Such a dynamic scenario imposes the necessity to define a new framework for cancer care. The first emerging evidence has transmitted contrasting messages with regards to cancer care management. Some authors have hypothesized an increased infection risk for cancer patients, with a more severe disease, requiring a reorganization of health care system that could disrupt an established high quality cancer care routine in many developed countries. Other authors have attempted to interpret data related to cancer patients by better defining their “active status”. We herein present our point of view in the light of current evidence and based on the experience matured at our cancer institute in managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our core idea is that “active cancer” may be considered a proxy of more recent exposure to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and the frequency of access to health care facilities can be predicted as a function of the severity of cancer symptoms. Hence, COVID-19 screening program and the adjustment of cancer care provision in a cancer institutions should be led by this risk model, while awaiting new evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32799883/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02483-w id: cord-303017-4zx94rm6 author: Barbieri, Antonio title: Can Beta-2-Adrenergic Pathway Be a New Target to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Hyperinflammatory Syndrome?—Lessons Learned From Cancer date: 2020-09-30 words: 3539.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303017-4zx94rm6.txt summary: This hypothesis relies on different pieces of evidence: IL-6, TNFa, and IL-1b promote Th17 response and are associated with inflammatory symptoms including fever, and the two latter are also associated with vascular permeability and leakage; IL-17 has a broad inflammatory effect and together with GM-CSF is involved in inflammatory and autoimmune disease; Covid-19 patients have a significantly increased number of CCR6+ Th17 cells (4) ; elevated TH17 and IL-17 related pathways are increased in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and H1N1 influenza virus patients (14) (15) (16) ; In MERS-CoV patients, IL-17 and low IFNg are associated with worse prognosis (14) . Targeting beta-2adrenergic pathway was shown to reduce inflammatory cytokine and Th17 response in different settings such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Two different reports on cancer patients show that propranolol treatment reduces inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNFa, inflammation-related transcription factors such as NFkB and STAT3 and reduces the activation of Treg lymphocytes (36, 37) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection is a new threat to global public health in the 21(st) century (2020), which has now rapidly spread around the globe causing severe pneumonia often linked to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and hyperinflammatory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious through saliva droplets. The structural analysis suggests that the virus enters human cells through the ligation of the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE(2)). The progression of Covid-19 has been divided into three main stages: stage I—viral response, stage II—pulmonary phase, and stage III—hyperinflammation phase. Once the patients enter stage III, it will likely need ventilation and it becomes difficult to manage. Thus, it will be of paramount importance to find therapies to prevent or slow down the progression of the disease toward stage III. The key event leading to hyperinflammation seems to be the activation of Th-17 immunity response and Cytokine storm. B(2)-adrenergic receptors (B(2)ARs) are expressed on airways and on all the immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes. Blocking (B(2)AR) has been proven, also in clinical settings, to reduce Th-17 response and negatively modulate inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 while increasing IFNγ. Non-selective beta-blockers are currently used to treat several diseases and have been proven to reduce stress-induced inflammation and reduce anxiety. For these reasons, we speculate that targeting B(2)AR in the early phase of Covid-19 might be beneficial to prevent hyperinflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.588724 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588724 id: cord-030296-4xthry9c author: Barbieri, Paolo title: What can we learn about reshoring after Covid-19? date: 2020-08-11 words: 3287.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030296-4xthry9c.txt summary: In 2016, Operations Management Research published a Special Issue on "Reshoring: A Supply Chain Innovation Perspective" (Barbieri and Stentoft 2016) . It highlights that reshoringmuch more than offshoring, a phenomenon that is largely explained by cost reduction and market-seeking motivationsis indeed triggered by several, and possibly co-existing reasons: for example, while "cost" and "operations" emerge as the main groups of motivations in their study, product quality issue is the single most frequent one. Particularly, on the short-term, we have been able to retrieve examples of companies relocating to Europe either for the disruptions of the Chinese production or for seizing market opportunities triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic. In the long-term, we expect to see two different approaches to reshoring, according to the level at which decision making is processed: single firm or supply chain. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7417743/ doi: 10.1007/s12063-020-00160-1 id: cord-332862-2knq5vdp author: Barbosa, Paula Nicole Vieira Pinto title: Chest CT accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: initial experience in a cancer center date: 2020 words: 2265.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332862-2knq5vdp.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of chest CT in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 at a cancer center. We selected all patients who had chest CT due to suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and RT-PCR test collected at the same day between February and March 2020 at a cancer center. In the second scenario, considering chest CT with typical or indeterminate findings as positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were respectively 92.0%, 62.1%, 47.9%, 95.3% and 70.3% ( Table 2 ). The results of the present study show that chest CT has a good performance for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients at a cancer center. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 Cases abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at a cancer center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-center study selected 91 patients who had chest CT and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test collected at the same day. CT results were classified in negative, typical, indeterminate or atypical findings. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for two different scenarios: in the first, only typical findings on CT were considered positive; in the second, both typical and indeterminate findings were considered positive. RESULTS: Mean patients’ age was 58.2 years, most were male (60.4%) and had prior diagnosis of cancer (85.7%). CT showed typical findings in 28.6%, indeterminate findings in 24.2% and atypical findings in 26.4%. RT-PCR results were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 27.5%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the first and second scenarios were respectively 64.0%, 84.8% and 79.1%, and 92.0%, 62.1% and 70.3%. CONCLUSION: CT has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Different interpretation criteria can provide either high sensitivity or high specificity. CT should be integrated as a triage test in resource-constrained environments during the pandemic to assist in the optimization of PCR-tests, isolation beds and intensive care units. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0040 doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0040 id: cord-349144-cvmebr3f author: Barca, Ida title: Telemedicine in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery: An Effective Alternative in Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 words: 4859.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349144-cvmebr3f.txt summary: The study was conducted at the MaxilloFacial Surgery Unit of "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, on two different groups of patients: a group of follow-up patients (A(1): patients in oncological follow-up after surgical treatment performed before the COVID-19 pandemic; A(2): suffering from chronic lesions such as precancerous lesions), and a group B of patients with first urgent visits (B(1): patients with suspected oncological pathology; B(2): patients with suspected urgent disease such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), odontogenic abscesses, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, etc.). Before being subjected to a remote visit, all patients were contacted by telephone for adherence to the protocol and to explain the limits of the method related to not performing a physical examination in person and submitting the COVID-19 screening questionnaire; the authorization to use telemedicine was obtained via recorded video or signature on a specific consent form and sent on the institutional email. abstract: The aim of this work was to demonstrate the advantages of using telemedicine (TM) in the management of the outpatients with maxillofacial surgical pathologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted at the MaxilloFacial Surgery Unit of “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, on two different groups of patients: a group of follow-up patients (A(1): patients in oncological follow-up after surgical treatment performed before the COVID-19 pandemic; A(2): suffering from chronic lesions such as precancerous lesions), and a group B of patients with first urgent visits (B(1): patients with suspected oncological pathology; B(2): patients with suspected urgent disease such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), odontogenic abscesses, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation, etc.). Participation in the study required possession of a smartphone with Internet access, e-mail and the use of a messaging service (WhatsApp or Telegram) to send photos and messages; completion by the patient of a COVID-19 screening questionnaire; submission of a satisfaction questionnaire by the doctors and patients. A total of 90 patients were included in this study. A high percentage of satisfaction emerged from the analysis of the satisfaction questionnaires of both patients and doctors.TM thus represents an excellent opportunity to improve accessibility to oncological and non-management activities, reducing the risk of Covid-19 dissemination and should be promoted and implemented in the post-pandemic era. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207365 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207365 id: cord-260866-bzdd4f5h author: Barceló, Damià title: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology to Monitor COVID-19 Outbreak: Present and Future Diagnostic Methods to be in Your Radar date: 2020-09-14 words: 4676.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260866-bzdd4f5h.txt summary: Paper-based devices would be certainly one of the best measurement solutions for the rapid and onsite detection of COVID-19 in sewage waters and humans as well [2, 16] and also the use of other biomarkers of exposure [1] . Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage has been employed as a complementary method to clinical test .It is an early warning indicator of virus spreading in communities, covering both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Hopefully at certain moment applications to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in wastewater will be developed based on these LOC/POCT systems that will enable simple, fast and sensitive virus detection. PCR platforms like RT-qPCR are still the most widely used methods for SARS-Cov-2 detection in waste waters. Sewage sensors, such as paper-based and smartphones for SARS-CoV2 detection at the population level have as well a clear potential for early warning of COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The WHO has declared the COVID-19 epidemic on January 31, 2020. This virus has infected millions of people worldwide in just a few months. Shortly afterwards, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) announced nucleic acid testing as the gold standard for virus detection. Antibody testing is used as well as a supplementary test for suspected cases where nucleic acid detection was negative. In short, nucleic acid–based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the mainstream detection method for clinical samples as well as for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters. First data collected around the globe were reported in the last few months being part of the so-called Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach. Selection of concentration methods and primers, laboratory inter-comparison and various modalities of PCR detection of the virus in complex wastewater matrices were flagged up as main bullets that require urgent improvement. Novel approaches to enhance sensitivity, speed and automate streamlined virus detection will be discussed here as well. This list comprises devices mainly used for clinical purposes like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), Digital PCR, Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and related platforms as well as Biosensors. The last part will be devoted to the identification of biomolecules to target Covid-19 outbreak based on inflammatory response biomarkers among others. To this end this opinion paper brings for discussion the issue of PCR detection and its limitations as well as new diagnostic methods in WBE. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666016420300402 doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100042 id: cord-336000-v88bq4bx author: Barco, Stefano title: Enoxaparin for primary thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (the OVID study): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial date: 2020-09-09 words: 20392.0 sentences: 1064.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336000-v88bq4bx.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The OVID study will demonstrate whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in symptomatic ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. The OVID study will show whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces any hospitalizations in ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. <30% of the expected number of patients six months after the enrolment of the first patient, also based on the course of SARS-CoV2 infections in Switzerland;  when the safety of the participants is doubtful or at risk, respectively, based on recommendations received from DSMB committee;  changes in accepted clinical practice that make the continuation of a clinical trial unwise, including the results of similar studies or the publication of international guidances. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The OVID study will demonstrate whether prophylactic-dose enoxaparin improves survival and reduces hospitalizations in symptomatic ambulatory patients aged 50 or older diagnosed with COVID-19, a novel viral disease characterized by severe systemic, pulmonary, and vessel inflammation and coagulation activation. TRIAL DESIGN: The OVID study is conducted as a multicentre open-label superiority randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion Criteria 1. Signed patient informed consent after being fully informed about the study’s background. 2. Patients aged 50 years or older with a positive test for SARS-CoV2 in the past 5 days and eligible for ambulatory treatment. 3. Presence of respiratory symptoms (i.e. cough, sore throat, or shortness of breath) or body temperature >37.5° C. 4. Ability of the patient to travel to the study centre by private transportation, performed either by an accompanying person from the same household or by the patient themselves 5. Ability to comply with standard hygiene requirements at the time of in-hospital visit, including a face mask and hand disinfectant. 6. Ability to walk from car to study centre or reach it by wheelchair transport with the help of an accompanying person from the same household also complying with standard hygiene requirements. 7. Ability to self-administer prefilled enoxaparin injections after instructions received at the study centre or availability of a person living with the patient to administer enoxaparin. Exclusion Criteria 1. Any acute or chronic condition posing an indication for anticoagulant treatment, e.g. atrial fibrillation, prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), acute confirmed symptomatic VTE, acute coronary syndrome. 2. Anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis deemed necessary in view of the patient's history, comorbidity or predisposing strong risk factors for thrombosis: a. Any of the following events occurring in the prior 30 days: fracture of lower limb, hospitalization for heart failure, hip/knee replacement, major trauma, spinal cord injury, stroke, b. previous VTE, c. histologically confirmed malignancy, which was diagnosed or treated (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) in the past 6 months, or recurrent, or metastatic, or inoperable. 3. Any clinically relevant bleeding (defined as bleeding requiring hospitalization, transfusion, surgical intervention, invasive procedures, occurring in a critical anatomical site, or causing disability) within 30 days prior to randomization or sign of acute bleeding. 4. Intracerebral bleeding at any time in the past or signs/symptoms consistent with acute intracranial haemorrhage. 5. Haemoglobin <8 g/dL and platelet count <50 x 10(9) cells/L confirmed by recent laboratory test (<90 days). 6. Subjects with any known coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis, including known significant liver disease associated with coagulopathy. 7. Severe renal insufficiency (baseline creatinine clearance <30 mL/min calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula) confirmed by recent laboratory test (<90 days). 8. Contraindications to enoxaparin therapy, including prior heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and known hypersensitivity. 9. Current use of dual antiplatelet therapy. 10. Participation in other interventional studies over the past 30 days. 11. Non-compliance or inability to adhere to treatment or lack of a family environment or support system for home treatment. 12. Cognitive impairment and/or inability to understand information provided in the study information. Patient enrolment will take place at seven Swiss centres, including five university hospitals and two large cantonal hospitals. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Patients randomized to the intervention group will receive subcutaneous enoxaparin at the recommended dose of 4,000 IU anti-Xa activity (40 mg/0.4 ml) once daily for 14 days. Patients randomized to the comparator group will receive no anticoagulation. MAIN OUTCOMES: Primary outcome: a composite of any hospitalization or all-cause death occurring within 30 days of randomization. Secondary outcomes: (i) a composite of cardiovascular events, including deep vein thrombosis (including catheter-associated), pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction/myocarditis, arterial ischemia including mesenteric and extremities, acute splanchnic vein thrombosis, or ischemic stroke within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of randomization; (ii) each component of the primary efficacy outcome, within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of randomization; (iii) net clinical benefit (accounting for the primary efficacy outcome, composite cardiovascular events, and major bleeding), within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of enrolment; (iv) primary efficacy outcome, within 14 days, and 90 days of enrolment; (v) disseminated intravascular coagulation (ISTH criteria, in-hospital diagnosis) within 14 days, 30 days, and 90 days of enrolment. RANDOMISATION: Patients will undergo block stratified randomization (by age: 50-70 vs. >70 years; and by study centre) with a randomization ratio of 1:1 with block sizes varying between 4 and 8. Randomization will be performed after the signature of the informed consent for participation and the verification of the eligibility criteria using the electronic data capture software (REDCAP, Vanderbilt University, v9.1.24). BLINDING (MASKING): In this open-label study, no blinding procedures will be used. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): The sample size calculation is based on the parameters α = 0.05 (2-sided), power: 1−β = 0.8, event rate in experimental group, pexp = 0.09 and event rate in control group, pcon = 0.15. The resulting total sample size is 920. To account for potential dropouts, the total sample size was fixed to 1000 with 500 patients in the intervention group and 500 in the control group. TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.0, 14 April 2020. Protocol version 3.0, 18 May 2020 Recruiting start date: June 2020. Last Patient Last Visit: March 2021. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04400799 First Posted: May 26, 2020 Last Update Posted: July 16, 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04678-4 doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04678-4 id: cord-310539-8zk3hkgj author: Barengolts, Elena title: PERSEVERE OR PERIL: DIABETES CARE IN TIMES OF COVID-19 date: 2020-08-08 words: 1934.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310539-8zk3hkgj.txt summary: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) places diabetes in a category of high risk for COVID-19: "Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk for developing more serious complications from COVID-19 illness (3) ." A study by Wang et al (5) provided a retrospective analysis of the clinical course for 28 consecutive patients with diabetes, admitted for confirmed COVID-19 to the hospital in Wuhan, China. In a small series of cases (5), HbA1c was similar in ICU and non-ICU patients, suggesting that diabetes control prior to infection did not influence the severity of the COVID-19 course. The antiviral combination of lopinavir/ritonavir (both protease inhibitors) previously shown to be effective for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and not for COVID-19 is evaluated in multi-ple studies (7) . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0227 doi: 10.4158/ep-2020-0227 id: cord-257958-yehnlabq author: Barh, Debmalya title: Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 words: 5431.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257958-yehnlabq.txt summary: In this paper, using multi-omics (interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome) data and subsequent integrated analysis, we present the biological events associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify several candidate drugs against this viral disease. In this paper, we have used an integrative omics approach considering the SARS-CoV-2 infected host interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome datasets and analysed the COVID-19 associated host genetic information to identify common host pathways that are deregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential drugs targeting those pathways. In our analysis, we observed SARS-CoV-2 infection shares other viral pathways such as To identify pathway specific drugs, we used the genes involved in the five most important common pathways (viral processes including all the individual virus pathways, mRNA splicing, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, cytokine signaling in immune system, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum). abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has ushered a global pandemic with no effective drug being available at present. Although several FDA-approved drugs are currently under clinical trials for drug repositioning, there is an on-going global effort for new drug identification. In this paper, using multi-omics (interactome, proteome, transcriptome, and bibliome) data and subsequent integrated analysis, we present the biological events associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify several candidate drugs against this viral disease. We found that: (i) Interactome-based infection pathways differ from the other three omics-based profiles. (ii) Viral process, mRNA splicing, cytokine and interferon signaling, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis are important pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. (iii) SARS-CoV-2 infection also shares pathways with Influenza A, Epstein-Barr virus, HTLV-I, Measles, and Hepatitis virus. (iv) Further, bacterial, parasitic, and protozoan infection pathways such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Leishmaniasis are also shared by this virus. (v) A total of 50 candidate drugs including the prophylaxis agents and pathway specific inhibitors are identified against COVID-19. (vi) Betamethasone, Estrogen, Simvastatin, Hydrocortisone, Tositumomab, Cyclosporin A etc. are among the important drugs. (vii) Ozone, Nitric oxide, and photosensitizer drugs are also identified as possible therapeutic candidates. (viii) Curcumin, Retinoic acids, Vitamin D, Arsenic, Copper, and Zinc may be the candidate prophylaxis agents. Nearly 70% of our identified agents are previously suggested to have anti-COVID-19 effects or under clinical trials. Among our identified drugs, the ones that are not yet tested, need validation with caution while an appropriate drug combination from these candidate drugs along with a SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral agent is needed for effective COVID-19 management. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482520303826?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104051 id: cord-331911-arif1ejj author: Barik, Sitanshu title: Insight into the changing patterns in clinical and academic activities of the orthopedic residents during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-14 words: 2877.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331911-arif1ejj.txt summary: There were a total of 44 single answer questions with answers according to the increasing difficulty at present situation compared to a previous time before the COVID-19 pandemic. Routine clinical work in the operating room, out-patient department, and inpatient department was found to be difficult according to the majority of the residents along with the anxiety of contracting the infection. All participants were also required to answer general questions about their age, current affiliation, the experience of treating COVID-19 positive patients, awareness about precautions while working in COVID-19 designated area including steps of donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), history of quarantine, or taking COVID-19 tests and if anyone tested positive for the infection. The most important findings of the present study were that the orthopedic residents had been facing difficulties in performing routine OR, OPD, and IPD works during COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the orthopedic residency training programs to adapt to a form of a web-based learning process and simulation-based training. This study focusses on the viewpoint of the orthopedic residents to the paradigm shift in clinical care as well as the academic activities. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was created in an online survey generator and was sent through e-mail to 227 orthopedic residents of seven tertiary care centres in North India. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, academic activity section, mental health section, and clinical activity section. There were a total of 44 single answer questions with answers according to the increasing difficulty at present situation compared to a previous time before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 158 questionnaires were filled by 107 junior residents (67.7%) and 51 senior residents (32.3%). 49 residents (31%) were quarantined and three became positive for COVID-19. Although all of them knew about necessary precautions, personal protective equipment was difficult to avail at times. Increased difficulty in recruiting new patients for research (48.9%) and conducting prospective research (48.7%) was observed. The online-based learning process was reported to be easier (44.2%) by most of the residents. Routine clinical work in the operating room, out-patient department, and inpatient department was found to be difficult according to the majority of the residents along with the anxiety of contracting the infection. CONCLUSION: There are unique opportunities for improvement of residency programs during these times of uncertainty and the findings of this study can help the universities as well as program chairs to develop a robust program that can outlive this pandemic. The web-based learning process might prove to be useful and can be incorporated into the resident training program in the long term. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32926255/ doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06274-0 id: cord-302576-fv2ib5vc author: Barisione, Emanuela title: Fibrotic progression and radiologic correlation in matched lung samples from COVID-19 post-mortems date: 2020-09-28 words: 5448.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302576-fv2ib5vc.txt summary: This study uses an innovative cryobiopsy approach for the post-mortem sampling of lung tissues from COVID-19 patients demonstrating the progression of fibrosis in time and correlation with computed tomography features. The main findings of this study include the following: (1) the identification of a chronological evolution of lesions from an early exudative phase with hyaline membranes to a mid-phase characterized by intra-alveolar fibrinous exudate and early fibroblastic interstitial fibrosis to a late phase with alveolar obliteration by fibrosis and possible micro-honeycombing; (2) mild degree of inflammatory infiltrates; and (3) correlation of histologic patterns with lung CT alterations. Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein also showed modification during disease progression as intense immunostaining was seen in early exudative phase Fig. 4 Histology and radiology of late/organizing phase of DAD pattern: aspects of progressive derangement/obliteration of alveolar structure by interstitial fibroblast proliferation. abstract: Data on the pathology of COVID-19 are scarce; available studies show diffuse alveolar damage; however, there is scarce information on the chronologic evolution of COVID-19 lung lesions. The primary aim of the study is to describe the chronology of lung pathologic changes in COVID-19 by using a post-mortem transbronchial lung cryobiopsy approach. Our secondary aim is to correlate the histologic findings with computed tomography patterns. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, who died while intubated and mechanically ventilated, were enrolled. The procedure was performed 30 min after death, and all lung lobes sampled. Histopathologic analysis was performed on thirty-nine adequate samples from eight patients: two patients (illness duration < 14 days) showed early/exudative phase diffuse alveolar damage, while the remaining 6 patients (median illness duration—32 days) showed progressive histologic patterns (3 with mid/proliferative phase; 3 with late/fibrotic phase diffuse alveolar damage, one of which with honeycombing). Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was positive predominantly in early-phase lesions. Histologic patterns and tomography categories were correlated: early/exudative phase was associated with ground-glass opacity, mid/proliferative lesions with crazy paving, while late/fibrous phase correlated with the consolidation pattern, more frequently seen in the lower/middle lobes. This study uses an innovative cryobiopsy approach for the post-mortem sampling of lung tissues from COVID-19 patients demonstrating the progression of fibrosis in time and correlation with computed tomography features. These findings may prove to be useful in the correct staging of disease, and this could have implications for treatment and patient follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02934-1 doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-02934-1 id: cord-343452-4m0ub9iv author: Barkama, Ravit title: Placenta-Derived Cell Therapy to Treat Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-15 words: 4246.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343452-4m0ub9iv.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether placental cell therapy PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (Pluristem Therapeutics, Haifa, Israel) may be beneficial to treating critically ill patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Retrospective case report of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD from March 26, 2020, to April 4, 2020, with follow-up through May 2, 2020. Herein, we report the outcome of treating eight patients suffering from respiratory failure and ARDS due to COVID-19 with human placenta-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (PLX-PAD). In this case series, eight patients critically ill due to COVID-19 were treated with PLX-PAD, a placenta-derived mesenchymallike cell therapy. In this preliminary uncontrolled case series of eight critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, administration of PLX-PAD, a placenta-derived cell therapy, was followed by an overall improvement in the clinical status of most patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether placental cell therapy PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (Pluristem Therapeutics, Haifa, Israel) may be beneficial to treating critically ill patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Retrospective case report of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD from March 26, 2020, to April 4, 2020, with follow-up through May 2, 2020. SETTING: Four hospitals in Israel (Rambam Health Care Campus, Bnai Zion Medical Center, and Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital), and Holy Name Medical Center in New Jersey. PATIENTS: Eight critically ill patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019. INTERVENTIONS: Intramuscular injection of PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (300 × 10(6) cells) given as one to two treatments. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality, time to discharge, and changes in blood and respiratory variables were monitored during hospitalization to day 17 posttreatment. Of the eight patients treated (median age 55 yr, seven males and one female), five were discharged, two remained hospitalized, and one died. By day 3 postinjection, mean C-reactive protein fell 45% (240.3–131.3 mg/L; p = 0.0019) and fell to 77% by day 5 (56.0 mg/L; p < 0.0001). Pao(2)/Fio(2) improved in 5:8 patients after 24-hour posttreatment, with similar effects 48-hour posttreatment. A decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure and increase in pH were statistically significant between days 0 and 14 (p = 0.0032 and p = 0.00072, respectively). A decrease in hemoglobin was statistically significant for days 0–5 and 0–14 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.0028, respectively), whereas for creatinine, it was statistically significant between days 0 and 14 (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in several variables such as C-reactive protein, positive end-expiratory pressure, and Pao(2)/Fio(2) was observed following PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD treatment, suggesting possible therapeutic effect. However, interpretation of the data is limited due to the small sample size, use of concomitant investigational therapies, and the uncontrolled study design. The efficacy of PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD in coronavirus disease 2019 should be further evaluated in a controlled clinical trial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984833/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000207 id: cord-258172-p54j4zzo author: Barker, Harlan title: Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 words: 8453.0 sentences: 409.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258172-p54j4zzo.txt summary: Single cell RNA-Seq data from trachea indicated positive signals along the respiratory tract in key protective cell types including club, goblet, proliferating, and ciliary epithelial cells; while in lung the ratio of ACE2-expressing cells was low in all cell types (<2.6%), but was highest in vascular endothelial and goblet cells. Analysis of ACE2 promoter regions was performed using the TFBSfootprinter tool (https:// github.com/thirtysix/TFBS_footprinting) which uses transcription-relevant data from several major databases to enhance prediction of putative TFBSs, including: all cell types aggregated and merged human ATAC-Seq data from ENCODE [43] , transcription start sites and expression data from FANTOM5 [44] , expression quantitative trail loci from GTEx [39] , TFBS metacluster data from GTRD [45] , TFBS binding profile data from JASPAR [46] , and sequence and conservation data from Ensembl [47] . abstract: The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern on March 11th, 2020, and the pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which enters human target cells via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used a number of bioinformatics tools to computationally characterize ACE2 by determining its cell-specific expression in trachea, lung, and small intestine, derive its putative functions, and predict transcriptional regulation. The small intestine expressed higher levels of ACE2 mRNA than any other organ. By immunohistochemistry, duodenum, kidney and testis showed strong signals, whereas the signal was weak in the respiratory tract. Single cell RNA-Seq data from trachea indicated positive signals along the respiratory tract in key protective cell types including club, goblet, proliferating, and ciliary epithelial cells; while in lung the ratio of ACE2-expressing cells was low in all cell types (<2.6%), but was highest in vascular endothelial and goblet cells. Gene ontology analysis suggested that, besides its classical role in the renin-angiotensin system, ACE2 may be functionally associated with angiogenesis/blood vessel morphogenesis. Using a novel tool for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites we identified several putative binding sites within two tissue-specific promoters of the ACE2 gene as well as a new putative short form of ACE2. These include several interferon-stimulated response elements sites for STAT1, IRF8, and IRF9. Our results also confirmed that age and gender play no significant role in the regulation of ACE2 mRNA expression in the lung. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33112891/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240647 id: cord-304203-lhqvi3j0 author: Barman, Manash Pratim title: COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study date: 2020-07-09 words: 1685.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304203-lhqvi3j0.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic and its recovery time of patients in India: A pilot study Kaplan-Meier Product limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test are used to analyze the recovery time of Covid-19 patients. RESULT: From the results of the study, it is found that the average recovery time of Covid-19 patients in India is 25 days (95% C.I. 16 days to 34 days). The average (median) recovery time of Covid-19 patients is estimated by using Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Average recovery time with respect to sex and age of Covid-19 patients are also estimated by using the same method. Log-rank [11] [12] test is used to compare the average recovery time of Covid-19 patients with respect to sex and age. Log-rank test is used to study the recovery time of Covid-19 patients with respect to sex and age and the results are presented in table 3. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Covid-19 virus started from Wuhan, China and has brought the world down to its knees. It has catapulted as a venomous global phenomenon. This study focuses on the Covid-19 situation in India and its recovery time. METHOD: The study period is from March 1, 2020 to April 25, 2020. A random sample of 221 individuals found positive with Covid-19 from March 1, 2020 to 31st March is included in the study which is followed up April 25, 2020. There is a male preponderance in the sample with 66% of the Covid-19 patients being male and about 34% being female. Kaplan-Meier Product limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test are used to analyze the recovery time of Covid-19 patients. RESULT: From the results of the study, it is found that the average recovery time of Covid-19 patients in India is 25 days (95% C.I. 16 days to 34 days). Only 4% of the patients get cured after 10 days of treatment. The recovery time of male and female patients is not statistically different. Recovery time of patients belonging to different age groups is also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This information on recovery time of Covid-19 patients will help planners to chalk out effective strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32673841/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.004 id: cord-308402-37i62atc author: Barnes, Betsy J. title: Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps date: 2020-04-16 words: 3924.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308402-37i62atc.txt summary: In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils—the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. Furthermore, neutrophils from patients with pneumonia-associated ARDS appear "primed" to form NETs, and both the extent of priming and the level of NETs in blood correlate with disease severity and mortality (Adrover et al., 2020; Bendib et al., 2019; Ebrahimi et al., 2018; Lefrançais et al., 2018; Mikacenic et al., 2018) . NETs and excessive thrombosis Acute cardiac and kidney injuries are common in patients with severe COVID-19 and contribute to the mortality of this disease (Bonow et al., 2020) . Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increased in the alveolar spaces of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, viral-induced respiratory disease that in ∼10–15% of patients progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by a cytokine storm. In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils—the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. We show lung infiltration of neutrophils in an autopsy specimen from a patient who succumbed to COVID-19. We discuss prior reports linking aberrant NET formation to pulmonary diseases, thrombosis, mucous secretions in the airways, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, targeting NETs directly and/or indirectly with existing drugs may reduce the clinical severity of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302401/ doi: 10.1084/jem.20200652 id: cord-326752-45ckkv01 author: Barnett, Brian title: Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 1250.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326752-45ckkv01.txt summary: title: Keeping the wolf at bay: Infection prevention and control measures for inpatient psychiatric facilities in the time of COVID-19 Current COVID-19 prevention and control efforts have been hampered by poor access to testing at many facilities, which delays the transfer of patients who develop symptoms after admission and eventually test positive. There are also anecdotal reports of sober homes and homeless shelters closing, as well as nursing homes and similar facilities refusing to accept new residents or allow current residents to return following a psychiatric hospitalization, due to concerns about these individuals seeding COVID-19 outbreaks in their facilities. For asymptomatic patients refusing testing, making an exception to allow for admission may be reasonable, since early peer reviewed [16, 17] and non-peer reviewed data [18, 19] J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f indicate COVID-19 prevalence is low among a variety of populations receiving hospital based care, particularly among patients not exhibiting symptoms consistent with infection [17, 18] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682153/ doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.004 id: cord-314218-6znw9zcz author: Baron, D. M. title: Patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic: a narrative review date: 2020-05-06 words: 3406.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314218-6znw9zcz.txt summary: The aim of this expert review is to provide clinicians and healthcare authorities with information on how to apply the principles of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In major elective surgery, patients can be exposed to the effects of pre-operative anaemia, blood loss and red cell transfusion, all of which adversely influence postoperative outcome [11, 12] . In addition, pre-operative iron deficiency in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is associated with a three-fold increased 90-day mortality [16] . Intravenous iron is also effective for treating postoperative anaemia, and should be considered, even in cancer patients who are undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 crisis [26, 31, 32] . Improved outcomes and reduced costs associated with a health-system-wide patient blood management program: a retrospective observational study in four major adult tertiary-care hospitals Effect of ultra-shortterm treatment of patients with iron deficiency or anaemia undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective randomised trial abstract: As COVID–19 disease escalates globally, optimising patient outcome during this catastrophic healthcare crisis is the number one priority. The principles of patient blood management are fundamental strategies to improve patient outcomes and should be given high priority in this crisis situation. The aim of this expert review is to provide clinicians and healthcare authorities with information regarding how to apply established principles of patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic. In particular, this review considers the impact of the COVID–19 pandemic on blood supply and specifies important aspects of donor management. We discuss how preventative and control measures implemented during the COVID–19 crisis could affect the prevalence of anaemia, and highlight issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia in patients requiring elective or emergency surgery. In addition, we review aspects related to patient blood management of critically ill patients with known or suspected COVID–19, and discuss important alterations of the coagulation system in patients hospitalised due to COVID–19. Finally, we address special considerations pertaining to supply‐demand and cost‐benefit issues of patient blood management during the COVID–19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15095 doi: 10.1111/anae.15095 id: cord-344120-7t5ce2hb author: Baroutjian, Amanda title: SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence date: 2020-09-01 words: 5264.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt summary: CONCLUSION: According to level 1 evidence reviewed here, the most effective SARS-Co-V-2 pharmacologic treatments include remdesivir for mild to severe disease, and a triple regimen therapy consisting of lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b for mild to moderate disease. 20 Another randomized controlled open-label trial in 199 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 with severe COVID-19 was done to compare the clinical effectiveness of lopinavir-ritonavir to standard care alone. According to the level 1 evidence reviewed here, the most effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, measured by time to negative RT-PCR and time to clinical improvement, are remdesivir therapy and a triple medication regimen (lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, and interferon beta-1b). First, in patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir showed no significant difference in time to clinical improvement, mortality at day 28, or detectable viral load compared to standard care alone. abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a pressing need for COVID-19 transmission control and effective treatments. We aim to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies as of August 2, 2020 according to study level of evidence. METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, JAMA Network and PNAS were searched. The following keywords were used: ((COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2)) AND ((((((therapeutics) OR (treatment)) OR (vaccine)) OR (hydroxychloroquine)) OR (antiviral)) OR (prognosis)). Results included peer-reviewed studies published in English. RESULTS: 15 peer-reviewed articles met study inclusion criteria, of which 14 were RCTs and one was a systematic review with meta-analysis. The following pharmacologic therapies were evaluated: chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), antivirals therapies, plasma therapy, anti-inflammatories, and a vaccine. CONCLUSION: According to level 1 evidence reviewed here, the most effective SARS-Co-V-2 pharmacologic treatments include remdesivir for mild to severe disease, and a triple regimen therapy consisting of lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b for mild to moderate disease. Also, dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality in those requiring respiratory support. However, there is still a great need for detailed level 1 evidence on pharmacologic therapies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720307853 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.091 id: cord-258760-65dw8d5h author: Barr, Justin title: Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward date: 2020-05-05 words: 698.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258760-65dw8d5h.txt summary: Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. Through his writings, this surgeon emerged as the contemporary authority on the condition, shaping scientific understanding of bubonic plague and medical responses to it for decades. Guy epitomizes surgeons who have investigated novel infectious diseases and contributed significant knowledge to their causation, prevention, and treatment. Desperate to clarify its etiology, John Hunter, the father of scientific surgery, injected the purulent discharge from an infected patient''s penis into his own member in an effort to understand the process of transmission and attempt to discriminate it from concomitant gonorrheal infection. 9 Historically, surgeons have led global efforts against pandemics, thus addressing some of humanity''s most devastating health challenges. abstract: COVID-19 has sickened millions, killed hundreds of thousands, and disrupted daily life for citizens around the world. Utterly devastating, COVID-19 is but the most recent pandemic to sweep the globe. Throughout history, surgeons like Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Hunter, John Snow, and Walter Reed have led scientific campaigns to understand, prevent, and treat epidemics like the bubonic plague, scurvy, syphilis, cholera, and yellow fever. We as a surgical community should herald their examples and re-focus our efforts to pioneer investigations into the coronavirus, helping elucidate the biology, understand its social effects, and provide effective treatment regimens for the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386712/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.042 id: cord-341982-0i1w137u author: Barral, Matthias title: Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes date: 2020-08-26 words: 852.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341982-0i1w137u.txt summary: title: Bronchial Artery Embolization Performed in COVID-19 Patients: Tolerance and Outcomes From the 23rd of February 2020, corresponding to the beginning of stage 1 epidemic outbreak in France, to the 5th of May, 25 patients (men: 24/25; 96%) with a mean age of 57 ± 17 years [16-84] had bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for severe hemoptysis (SH). A total of 4 men with 7 BAE had positive COVID-19 RT-PCR (Tables 1, 2) , and 3 patients had severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Bronchial arteries enlargement was seen in 3 patients, and 3 patients had consolidation; no patient had alveolar hemorrhage compared to 17 (17/21; 81%) non-COVID-19 patients (p = 0.005, Chi-square test) (Fig. 1 ). Embolization of all eutopic and heterotopic bronchial arteries was performed in 86% of COVID-19 patients during the first BAE, and 24-h clinical efficacy was 75% and 100% after a second BAE. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02621-3 doi: 10.1007/s00270-020-02621-3 id: cord-332194-97tkyv3w author: Barrett, Peter M title: Measuring the effectiveness of an automated text messaging active surveillance system for COVID-19 in the south of Ireland, March to April 2020 date: 2020-06-11 words: 1993.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332194-97tkyv3w.txt summary: We report the effectiveness of automated text messaging for active surveillance of asymptomatic close contacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Cork/Kerry region of Ireland. As part of ongoing efforts to control the spread of infection, national and international guidance recommends active surveillance of asymptomatic close contacts of confirmed cases of COVID-19 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . However, evidence for the effectiveness of active surveillance systems among community-based close contacts of cases of COVID-19 has been limited to date. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of an automated text-based active surveillance system which was used in Cork/ Kerry for the first 7 weeks of the COVID-19 response. In the first 7 weeks of the COVID-19 response in Cork/Kerry, 9.0% of close contacts who consented to participate in active surveillance were referred for testing and 2.6% tested positive for COVID-19. Automated active surveillance systems can thus facilitate early identification of symptomatic close contacts and positive cases of COVID-19. abstract: We report the effectiveness of automated text messaging for active surveillance of asymptomatic close contacts of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in the Cork/Kerry region of Ireland. In the first 7 weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, 1,336 close contacts received 12,421 automated texts. Overall, 120 contacts (9.0%) reported symptoms which required referral for testing and 35 (2.6%) tested positive for COVID-19. Non-response was high (n = 2,121; 17.1%) and this required substantial clinical and administrative resources for follow-up. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553064/ doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.23.2000972 id: cord-012897-n5ujh4qg author: Barrett, Tessa J. title: Platelet and Vascular Biomarkers Associate With Thrombosis and Death in Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-06 words: 1032.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012897-n5ujh4qg.txt summary: Following adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, antiplatelet therapy, platelet count, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, TxB 2 (P=0.006), P-selectin (P=0.005), sCD40L (P=0.016), and MPV (P=0.012) were independently associated with the composite of thrombosis or death. Of the 24 patients who died TxB 2 (P=0.006), P-selectin (P=0.005), sCD40L (P=0.016), and MPV (P=0.012) were associated with all-cause mortality after multivariable adjustment (Table 2) . We report for the first time that biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health, are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our current study does not characterize the cellular source of measured biomarkers, thus in addition to platelets, plasma P-selectin and sCD40L may originate from alternate sources including endothelial cells and T OR from logistic regression analysis per SD increase for biomarker levels adjusted for age, sex, race, antiplatelet therapy, platelet count, and COPD. 3 We extend those finding and demonstrate that biomarkers of platelet activation are associated with thrombosis or death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7478197/ doi: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317803 id: cord-309360-cpis1l4u author: Barrios-López, J. M. title: Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association? date: 2020-05-28 words: 3152.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309360-cpis1l4u.txt summary: Results: The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. A recent study described the cases of 3 patients with COVID-19 who presented ischaemic stroke and antiphospholipid antibodies, in addition to elevated D-dimer levels and laboratory markers of systemic inflammation. 7 A recent study reported 3 cases of severe COVID-19 and ischaemic stroke; these patients presented antiphospholipid antibodies and laboratory findings compatible with systemic inflammation and coagulopathy. 19 In patients 1 and 2 of our series (Table 1) , the likelihood of a causal relationship between COVID-19 and stroke is high, as these patients presented laboratory markers of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability and the aetiological study found no evident cause for ischaemic stroke. abstract: Abstract Introduction Ischaemic stroke has been reported in patients with COVID-19, particularly in more severe cases. However, it is unclear to what extent this is linked to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability secondary to the infection. Materials and methods We describe the cases of 4 patients with ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 who were attended at our hospital. Patients are classified according to the likelihood of a causal relationship between the hypercoagulable state and ischaemic stroke. We also conducted a review of studies addressing the possible mechanisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of ischaemic stroke in these patients. Results The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. The other 2 patients were of advanced age and presented cardioembolic ischaemic stroke; the association in these patients was probably incidental. Conclusions Systemic inflammation and the potential direct action of the virus may cause endothelial dysfunction, resulting in a hypercoagulable state that could be considered a potential cause of ischaemic stroke. However, stroke involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms; studies with larger samples are therefore needed to confirm our hypothesis. The management protocol for patients with stroke and COVID-19 should include a complete aetiological study, with the appropriate safety precautions always being observed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173580820301012 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.05.008 id: cord-302131-w10y5sf9 author: Barrocas, Albert title: Ethical Framework for Nutrition Support Resource Allocation During Shortages: Lessons From COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 3753.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302131-w10y5sf9.txt summary: The authors provide suggestions for management of nutrition support resources and how multidisciplinary bioethics or triage committees can help direct decisions. In addition, some healthcare professionals providing care to critically ill patients with COVID-19 may not be acquainted with the various nutrition products, adding to inappropriate utilization, scarcity, and potential complications. The following concepts are proposed for healthcare providers and institutions to consider in resource allocation decisions, based on 3 recently published articles. For example, if a hospital has fewer numbers of enteral nutrition (EN) pumps or supplies than there are patients requiring pump-assisted feedings, the nutrition support professionals would need to provide guidance on EN-pump allocation. Ethical dilemmas related to the care of patients in the COVID-19 pandemic need to be rapidly addressed by multidisciplinary bioethics committees, with the development of policies and procedures to assist providers in making difficult allocation decisions. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of our population. The “Troubling Trichotomy” of what can be done technologically, what should be done ethically, and what must be done legally is a reality during these unusual circumstances. Recent ethical considerations regarding allocation of scarce resources, such as mechanical ventilators, have been proposed. These can apply to other disciplines such as nutrition support, although decisions regarding nutrition support have a diminished potential for devastating outcomes. The principal values and goals leading to an ethical framework for a uniform, fair, and objective approach are reviewed in this article, with a focus on nutrition support. Some historical aspects of shortages in nutrition supplies and products during normal circumstances, as well as others during national crises, are outlined. The development and implementation of protocols using a scoring system seems best addressed by multidisciplinary ethics and triage committees with synergistic but disparate functions. Triage committees should alleviate the burdens of unilateral decisions by the healthcare team caring for patients. The treating team should make every attempt to have patients and the public at large update or execute/develop advance directives. Legal considerations, as the third component of the Troubling Trichotomy, are of some concern when rationing care. The likelihood that criminal or civil charges could be brought against individual healthcare professionals or institutions can be minimized, if fair protocols are uniformly applied and deliberations well documented. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10500 doi: 10.1002/ncp.10500 id: cord-346968-b7g4myed author: Barry, Heather E. title: Managing medicines in the time of COVID-19: implications for community-dwelling people with dementia date: 2020-08-16 words: 2790.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346968-b7g4myed.txt summary: PwD face unique challenges with medicines management compared to other older people, often relying upon support from family/carers and primary healthcare professionals. This article considers potential issues that PwD may face with each component of medicines management (prescribing, dispensing, administration, adherence, review), and based on previous research, highlights strategies to support PwD and their carers during this time. Remote consultation methods using telephone or online services should be utilised by community pharmacists who wish to speak with PwD and their carers about medicines management issues, to conduct medication review or to provide counselling [20, 21] . Community pharmacists have a key role to play in promoting continued adherence to medicines during the current pandemic and should be mindful of this Continued repeat prescribing of medicines that may require review for assessment of appropriateness/ efficacy Non-urgent consultations in secondary care suspended, resulting in delayed treatment of dementia symptoms or other comorbidities Dispensing abstract: COVID-19 has changed life beyond recognition for millions of individuals, as countries implement social distancing measures to prevent disease transmission. For certain patient groups, such as community-dwelling older people with dementia (PwD), these restrictions may have far-reaching consequences. Medicines management may be adversely affected and deserves careful thought. PwD face unique challenges with medicines management compared to other older people, often relying upon support from family/carers and primary healthcare professionals. This article considers potential issues that PwD may face with each component of medicines management (prescribing, dispensing, administration, adherence, review), and based on previous research, highlights strategies to support PwD and their carers during this time. Primary healthcare professionals must be attentive to medicines-related needs of community-dwelling PwD, particularly those living alone, both during the pandemic and as restrictions are lifted. Carers of PwD continue to have a critical role to play in medicines management, and also require support. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01116-y doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01116-y id: cord-306916-4dqzuy4u author: Barré, Jean title: Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence date: 2020-09-04 words: 3294.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306916-4dqzuy4u.txt summary: Ten experimentally supported properties were retrieved, either related to SARS-CoV-2 (antiviral properties, prevention of endotheliitis and of neurological disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2), and/or related to the host (improvement of atherogenic vascular inflammation, limitation of the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, improvement of respiratory symptoms), and/or related to serious COVID-19 outcomes (limitation of the cytokine storm, mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome), and/or related to tissue sequelae (antioxidant properties, anti-fibrosis effects). This "cytokine storm", reportedly due to angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE2) downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 (Bourgonje et al., 2020) , triggers a proinflammatory environment which is strongly associated with severe tissue damages, contributing to ARDS and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients (Kimura et al., 2013) . Interestingly, a recent in silico exploration identified montelukast (MK), from the Leukasts family (LKs; i.e. cysteinyl leukotriene receptors antagonists), among the top-scoring clinically-oriented drugs likely to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Huynh et al., 2020) . abstract: With the lack of effective therapy, chemoprevention and vaccination, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Interestingly, montelukast, a drug usually used in asthma, may be proposed as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. The aim of the present article was to review the properties of montelukast that could be beneficial in COVID-19. Ten experimentally supported properties were retrieved, either related to SARS-CoV-2 (antiviral properties, prevention of endotheliitis and of neurological disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2), and/or related to the host (improvement of atherogenic vascular inflammation, limitation of the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, improvement of respiratory symptoms), and/or related to serious COVID-19 outcomes (limitation of the cytokine storm, mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome), and/or related to tissue sequelae (antioxidant properties, anti-fibrosis effects). Based on gathered theoretical evidence, we argue that montelukast should be further tested to prevent and treat COVID-19 outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.01344 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01344 id: cord-263474-v5fbahqb author: Barsky, Lili L. title: Efficacy of clinical evaluations for COVID-19 on the front line date: 2020-11-07 words: 748.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263474-v5fbahqb.txt summary: This case series from an urban medical center suggests that despite the rapidly evolving body of knowledge around COVID-19 illness and its variable presentations among affected patients, clinical provider assessment of high versus low probability of active infection can be relatively reliable. This case series further supports the hypothesis that a well-informed clinical assessment, with or without concurrent access to rapid point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 testing, could be leveraged to more efficiently triage patients [5] -even those with medical comorbidities whose chronic illness burden may appear to pose a diagnostic challenge at the outset. ST and BR helped acquire the data from the emergency department and inpatient setting and also critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. SC helped formulate the study concept and design, helped with analysis and interpretation of the data, provided statistical expertise, and critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33160316/ doi: 10.1186/s12245-020-00313-w id: cord-266988-72uvawth author: Barth, Rolf F. title: The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-14 words: 2504.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266988-72uvawth.txt summary: title: The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, which has been named "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)" [2] . Our current understanding of the pathology and the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease and SARS-CoV-2 transmission is at an early stage and much still remains to be learned [5, 6] . Therefore, the total number of autopsies performed is miniscule compared to the number of deaths, but nevertheless they are both very revealing and important in order to better understand the multi-organ involvement associated with COVID-19 infection and for the development of better treatment strategies [1, 3] . The autopsy reports that already have been published provide a solid base for a better understanding of the consequences of COVID-19 infection but much more remains to be learned about this complex disease in order to develop better treatment strategies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665025/ doi: 10.1186/s13000-020-00999-9 id: cord-256786-7gca01lr author: Bartilotti‐Matos, F title: Pearls and Pitfalls: two contrasting HIV diagnoses in the COVID‐19 era and the case for screening date: 2020-08-13 words: 1314.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256786-7gca01lr.txt summary: Two cases of previously undiagnosed HIV presenting to secondary care with respiratory symptoms are detailed in this series, with a view to extrapolate lessons on blood borne virus (BBV) screening in the COVID‐19 era. Two cases of previously undiagnosed HIV presenting to secondary care with respiratory symptoms are detailed in this series, with a view to extrapolate lessons on blood borne virus (BBV) screening in the COVID-19 era. Despite these findings and two negative swabs for SARS-CoV2 PCR, COVID-19 remained the clinical diagnosis until day-six of admission when a BBV screen confirmed HIV seropositivity with a viral load of 5.28log10 and CD4 + 25cells/mm 3 . Firstly, the HIV and COVID-19 co-infection was diagnosed in the absence of risk factors, prompted by high disease severity in an atypically young and fit patient. One case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a low CD4 + T-cell count abstract: The risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) for people living with HIV (PLWH) is poorly understood. The vast majority of reported cases of COVID‐19/HIV co‐infection consists of those with an established HIV diagnosis who are on anti‐retroviral therapy (ART). Better knowledge of the effects of COVID19 on HIV patients who are ART naïve is required. Two cases of previously undiagnosed HIV presenting to secondary care with respiratory symptoms are detailed in this series, with a view to extrapolate lessons on blood borne virus (BBV) screening in the COVID‐19 era. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32790222/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26428 id: cord-301684-ubw91yq1 author: Bartiromo, Marilù title: Threatening drug‐drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-04-12 words: 1809.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301684-ubw91yq1.txt summary: During the novel coronavirus pandemic, organ transplant recipients represent a frail susceptible category due to long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. Herein, we present the case of a 36 year-old woman with Senior-Loken syndrome who underwent a 2 nd kidney transplant in 1995 and developed a paucisymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia in the early stage of the outbreak in Tuscany, Italy. The peculiarity of this case resides in the clinical presentation, as the patient did not develop a severe form of COVID-19 despite receiving immunosuppressive drugs. described a case of COVID-19 in a recipient of a 3rd deceased-donor kidney transplant pointing out the importance of atypical symptoms in the setting of an immunosuppressive therapy 6 . We also intend to underline the need for guidelines in renal transplant recipient with COVID-19 infection with particular regard to management of therapy. abstract: During the novel coronavirus pandemic, organ transplant recipients represent a frail susceptible category due to long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. For this reason, clinical manifestations may differ from general population and different treatment approaches may be needed. We present the case of a 36‐year‐old kidney transplanted woman affected by Senior‐Loken syndrome diagnosed with COVID‐19 pneumonia after a contact with her positive mother. Initial symptoms were fatigue, dry cough and coryza; she never had fever nor oxygen supplementation. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir were started, and the antiviral drug was replaced with darunavir/cobicistat after two days for diarrhea. Immunosuppressant levels were closely monitored, and we observed very high tacrolimus trough levels despite initial dose reduction. The patient was left with steroid therapy alone. The peculiarity of clinical presentation and the management difficulties represent the flagship of our case‐report. We stress the need for guidelines in transplant recipients with COVID‐19 infection with particular regard to the management of therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32279418/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13286 id: cord-308813-4ah3cdph author: Bartlett, Robert H. title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure date: 2020-04-01 words: 1681.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308813-4ah3cdph.txt summary: title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) and all of the ELSO worldwide chapters have prepared this document to describe when and how to use extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID-19 patients during this pandemic. 4 Due to the intensive hospital resource utilization, substantial staff training, and multidisciplinary needs associated with starting an ECMO program, ELSO recommends against starting new ECMO centers for the sole purpose of treating patients with COVID-19. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indications, access, and management are described in the ELSO Guidance for Adult Respiratory and Cardiac failure on the ELSO web site (https:// elso.org). For adult respiratory failure, the recently published EOLIA trial contains three indications that define severe ARDS where ECMO may be useful. For ELSO member centers, when you use ECMO for COVID-19, please enter your patient in the Registry at the time they go on (and later when discharged). abstract: Disclaimer: ECMO has, and will certainly continue, to play a role in the management of COVID-19 patients. It should be emphasized that this initial guidance is based on the current best evidence for ECMO use during this pandemic. Guidance documents addressing additional portions of ECMO care are currently being assembled for rapid publication and distribution to ECMO centers worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32243267/ doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001173 id: cord-340536-azlajqbe author: Bartolo, Michelangelo title: Urgent Measures for the Containment of the Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic in the Neurorehabilitation/Rehabilitation Departments in the Phase of Maximum Expansion of the Epidemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 2656.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340536-azlajqbe.txt summary: COVID-19 determines the need for healthcare in a large number of people in an extremely short time and, like a tsunami wave, overruns emergency, infectious diseases, and pneumology departments as well as intensive care units, choking healthcare services. In Italy, in February 2020 the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic first in Lombardy, and then in the other regions, determined the need to implement containment measures for a phenomenon that in a few days has put a strain on the healthcare system, clogging many emergency, infectious diseases and pneumology departments, as well as intensive care units, with obvious dramatic relapses in the health system''s ability to offer adequate assistance to patients with different pathologies (3) . The following indications are suggested in order to make the reorganization of rehabilitation activities homogeneous, whether they are carried out in hospitalization or outpatient settings or at home, with the main aim of limiting patient flows within the facilities and maintaining staff safety. abstract: COVID-19 has rapidly become a pandemic emergency, distressing health systems in each affected country. COVID-19 determines the need for healthcare in a large number of people in an extremely short time and, like a tsunami wave, overruns emergency, infectious diseases, and pneumology departments as well as intensive care units, choking healthcare services. Rehabilitation services are also affected by this epidemic which forces radical changes both in the organization and in the operating methods. In the absence of reference literature on this issue, this report aims to provide a background documentation to support physicians and healthcare personnel involved in neurorehabilitation and rehabilitation care. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00423 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00423 id: cord-344075-ucd6ooob author: Bartoszek, Adrian title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland date: 2020-10-12 words: 4515.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344075-ucd6ooob.txt summary: title: Mental Well-Being (Depression, Loneliness, Insomnia, Daily Life Fatigue) during COVID-19 Related Home-Confinement—A Study from Poland The aim of the study was to measure indicators of mental well-being in a Polish sample with regard to selected sociodemographic and health behavior data during home confinement related to COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, our study aimed to measure mental well-being (levels of depression, insomnia, daily life fatigue, and loneliness) in a sample of the Polish population during COVID-19 related home confinement. The results have clearly shown that the pandemic and associated psychological stress are risk factors for sleep disorders and psychological diseases, e.g., the authors have shown that all of the elements of the Psychological Well-Being (PGWB) questionnaire (anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, vitality) were significantly worse among study respondents than in previous general population data [33] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a great threat to both physical and mental health as it may lead to psychological stress connected with an economic crisis, threat of unemployment, or fear of losing family members. Emerging data shows that the general public may be vulnerable to the pandemic-related stress and experience frequently prevalent anxiety. A study involving 471 subjects (85.6% female) was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the following scales: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Revised University of California, Los Angeles (R-UCLA) Loneliness Scale, and Daily Life Fatigue scale (DLF). Women had higher mean scores of depression, loneliness, and daily life fatigue and more often than males started exercising. Among people professionally active before the pandemic, there were more cases of increased alcohol consumption than among students. No differences in alcohol consumption patterns were found between genders. People living alone had higher scores of loneliness and daily life fatigue compared to those living with someone. Respondents who started taking any new drugs during COVID-19 home confinement had higher outcomes in all questionnaires. During home confinement, high scores of depression, insomnia, loneliness, and everyday fatigue were observed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207417 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207417 id: cord-332314-nukv34fh author: Bartoszek, Krzysztof title: Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy date: 2020-06-26 words: 5611.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332314-nukv34fh.txt summary: Clearly, the curves presented in Fig. 1 suggest that a more in-depth look at the raw numbers is required and that there is a need to put the data in a correct perspective before trying to fit any epidemiological model to them, especially because the viral dynamics are starting to be inferred from reported case fatalities [5, 18, 24] . Its constantly increasing infected and case fatality count has lead us looking in greater detail into this data, especially as it is used for curve-fitting of epidemiological models (e.g., [13, 15, 21, 31] following brief survey of arXiv) and presented in public media. In this work, we analyzed in depth the two statistics that are commonly reported for the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-the number of confirmed cases and the number of case fatalities for the different regions of Italy. abstract: As the COVID-19 outbreak is developing the two most frequently reported statistics seem to be the raw confirmed case and case fatalities counts. Focusing on Italy, one of the hardest hit countries, we look at how these two values could be put in perspective to reflect the dynamics of the virus spread. In particular, we find that merely considering the confirmed case counts would be very misleading. The number of daily tests grows, while the daily fraction of confirmed cases to total tests has a change point. It (depending on region) generally increases with strong fluctuations till (around, depending on region) 15–22 March and then decreases linearly after. Combined with the increasing trend of daily performed tests, the raw confirmed case counts are not representative of the situation and are confounded with the sampling effort. This we observe when regressing on time the logged fraction of positive tests and for comparison the logged raw confirmed count. Hence, calibrating model parameters for this virus’s dynamics should not be done based only on confirmed case counts (without rescaling by the number of tests), but take also fatalities and hospitalization count under consideration as variables not prone to be distorted by testing efforts. Furthermore, reporting statistics on the national level does not say much about the dynamics of the disease, which are taking place at the regional level. These findings are based on the official data of total death counts up to 15 April 2020 released by ISTAT and up to 10 May 2020 for the number of cases. In this work, we do not fit models but we rather investigate whether this task is possible at all. This work also informs about a new tool to collect and harmonize official statistics coming from different sources in the form of a package for the R statistical environment and presents the “COVID-19 Data Hub.” url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836808/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05761-w id: cord-317519-yhzv2yjs author: Barzilai, Nir title: Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 words: 2594.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317519-yhzv2yjs.txt summary: Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span. abstract: The data on COVID-19 is clear on at least one point: Older adults are most vulnerable to hospitalization, disability and death following infection with the novel coronavirus. Therefore, therapeutically addressing degenerative aging processes as the main risk factors appears promising for tackling the present crisis and is expected to be relevant when tackling future infections, epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, utilizing a geroscience approach, targeting aging processes to prevent multimorbidity, via initiating broad clinical trials of potential geroprotective therapies, is recommended. url: https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.0629 doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0629 id: cord-337672-3a3ngzvo author: Barzilay, Ran title: Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers date: 2020-08-20 words: 4284.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337672-3a3ngzvo.txt summary: covid19resilience.org/) that included an interactive 21item resilience survey and assessment of COVID-19related stress (worries) regarding: (1) getting (contracting), (2) dying from, (3) currently having, (4) family member getting, (5) unknowingly infecting others, and (6) experiencing significant financial burden following COVID-19. All models included the following potential confounders: age, gender, race (white/non-white), education, income, occupation (healthcare, engineering/computers and other), marital status (married, single or other), country of residence (US, Israel or other), number of people in household, date at which the survey was taken (days and (days squared) since study launch), and exposures related directly to COVID-19 including getting tested for COVID-19, knowing someone who tested positive for COVID-19 and knowing someone who died from COVID-19. Participants were significantly more worried about a family member contracting COVID-19 or about unknowingly infecting others than about getting COVID-19 themselves (Fig. 1a , item main effect F 5,15205 = 1536.0, p < 0.00001, model included age, gender, education, income, marital status, number of people in household and country of residence). abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is a global calamity posing an unprecedented opportunity to study resilience. We developed a brief resilience survey probing self-reliance, emotion-regulation, interpersonal-relationship patterns and neighborhood-environment, and applied it online during the acute COVID-19 outbreak (April 6–15, 2020), on a crowdsourcing research website (www.covid19resilience.org) advertised through social media. We evaluated level of stress (worries) regarding COVID-19: (1) contracting, (2) dying from, (3) currently having, (4) family member contracting, (5) unknowingly infecting others with (6) experiencing significant financial burden following. Anxiety (GAD7) and depression (PHQ2) were measured. Totally, 3042 participants (n = 1964 females, age range 18–79, mean age = 39) completed the resilience and COVID-19-related stress survey and 1350 of them (mean age = 41, SD = 13; n = 997 females) completed GAD7 and PHQ2. Participants significantly endorsed more distress about family contracting COVID-19 (48.5%) and unknowingly infecting others (36%), than getting COVID-19 themselves (19.9%), p < 0.0005 covarying for demographics and proxy COVID-19 exposures like getting tested and knowing infected individuals. Patterns of COVID-19 related worries, rates of anxiety (GAD7 > 10, 22.2%) and depression (PHQ2 > 2, 16.1%) did not differ between healthcare providers and non-healthcare providers. Higher resilience scores were associated with lower COVID-19 related worries (main effect F(1,3054) = 134.9; p < 0.00001, covarying for confounders). Increase in 1 SD on resilience score was associated with reduced rate of anxiety (65%) and depression (69%), across healthcare and non-healthcare professionals. Findings provide empirical evidence on mental health associated with COVID-19 outbreak in a large convenience sample, setting a stage for longitudinal studies evaluating mental health trajectories following COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32820171/ doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4 id: cord-262730-1dxeg8ci author: Barón-Sánchez, J. title: Smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 3510.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262730-1dxeg8ci.txt summary: [12] [13] [14] The olfactory alterations associated with SARS-COV-2 infection present sudden onset, are generally not accompanied by rhinorrhoea or nasal obstruction with mucus, and are of variable intensity, although patients frequently report complete loss of the sense of smell. V a r i a b l e s Participants meeting the inclusion criteria were asked to complete a questionnaire, which gathered the following data: sex; age; medical history; characteristics of olfactory/gustatory alterations (complete loss of the sense of smell/taste [anosmia/ageusia], decreased sense of smell [hyposmia], altered sense of taste [dysgeusia]); date of onset and resolution of the alterations; symptom progression; associated symptoms; close contact with a patient with COVID-19 (confirmed by PCR testing); and PCR results for COVID-19, if the test was performed. In our study, only 8.4% of individuals with olfactory/gustatory alterations undergoing PCR testing were negative for SARS-CoV-2; this supports the hypothesis that these symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with mild COVID-19. abstract: Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout the world. Smell and/or taste disorders have emerged as a very frequent symptom as the disease has spread in Europe. Spain is one of the European countries with the highest number of infections. Objective This study aimed to investigate the clinical progression of smell and taste disorders in Spanish patients with mild COVID-19. Methods An online survey was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of patients who presented sudden smell and/or taste disorders during the 2 months of total lockdown due to COVID-19 in Spain. Results In our sample, 91.18% of respondents with impaired smell and/or taste and who were able to undergo PCR testing were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia and ageusia presented in isolation in 6.5% of participants. The remaining 93.5% presented other mild symptoms: headache (51.6%), cough (51.6%), myalgia (45.2%), asthaenia (38.7%), nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea (35.5%), fever (41.9%), low-grade fever (29.0%), odynophagia (25.8%), or diarrhoea (6.5%). The mean duration of anosmia was 8.33 days, with patients subsequently manifesting hyposmia; complete resolution occurred after a mean of 17.79 days. In 22.6% of respondents, olfactory deficits persisted. All participants recovered their sense of taste. Conclusions Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in mild COVID-19. Most patients do not present associated nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea and a small group of patients present these alterations in isolation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173580820302169 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.007 id: cord-303609-9217t0ui author: Baselga, María Trinidad title: Trombosis y COVID-19: revisión de alcance date: 2020-09-24 words: 3233.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303609-9217t0ui.txt summary: Esta revisión de alcance (scoping review) resume y evalúa críticamente la evidencia sobre la relación entre la trombosis y el COVID-19, y se basa en una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de todos los artículos publicados hasta el 5 de mayo de 2020 e incluidos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane y Clinicaltrials.gov. En otros estudios se estandarizó el uso de ecografía para la detección de las complicaciones J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSIÓN Esta es la primera scope review que revisa los artículos que relacionan la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y las alteraciones en la coagulación, incluyendo sus repercusiones clínicas y radiológicas; en orden cronológico desde el 1 de diciembre de 2019 hasta el 5 mayo de 2020. abstract: La coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) ha generado la mayor crisis de salud pública de la era moderna. Se considera que el estado protrombótico inducido por la infección tiene una relación directa y de importancia sustancial con el daño agudo en el pulmón y con las complicaciones de la infección, incluida la muerte. Esta revisión de alcance (scoping review) resume y evalúa críticamente la evidencia sobre la relación entre la trombosis y el COVID-19, y se basa en una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de todos los artículos publicados hasta el 5 de mayo de 2020 e incluidos en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane y Clinicaltrials.gov. Hemos incluido 26 artículos en la revisión, y hemos evaluado su calidad empleando la guía STROBE. Los principales síntomas que presentan los pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 son disnea, fiebre, tos, diarrea y vómitos. A nivel analítico destaca, en esta enfermedad, un aumento de Dímero-D, fibrinógeno, tiempo de protrombina y linfopenia. En cuanto a las pruebas radiológicas, las técnicas más usadas para el diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar, trombosis venosa profunda y otros fenómenos trombóticos; fueron la ecografía y la tomografía computarizada. Como conclusión, en la actualidad existe escasa evidencia científica con respecto a la COVID-19 y sus complicaciones trombóticas. Esta revisión resume este cuerpo de evidencia, evalúa su calidad, y ofrece conclusiones que orientan los siguientes pasos a dar en este área de investigación de enorme relevancia y crecimiento exponencial. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has triggered the worst public health crisis of modern times. The prothrombotic state induced by the infection is considered directly and substantially related to acute lung damage and other medical complications, including death. This scoping review summarises and critically assesses the existing evidence on the association between thrombosis and COVID-19, and is based on a systematic literature search of all articles published up to 5 May 2020 included in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov. A total of 25 articles were included, and their quality evaluated using STROBE guidelines. The main symptoms presented by patients that had been diagnosed with COVID-19 are dyspnoea, fever, cough, diarrhoea, and vomiting. In the laboratory findings, it is characteristic to observe an increase in D-Dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and lymphopenia. Ultrasound and computed axial tomography were the radiological techniques most used for diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and other thrombotic phenomena. In conclusion, there is still limited scientific evidence on COVID-19 and its thrombotic complications. This review summarises the body of evidence, assesses its quality, and offers conclusions that should help in the next steps in this highly relevant and expanding research area. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300823?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.002 id: cord-104501-e5e0xrou author: Bashash, Davood title: The Prognostic Value of Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-19 words: 2752.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104501-e5e0xrou.txt summary: To provide a well-conceptualized viewpoint demonstrating the prognostic value of platelet count in SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed a meta-analysis of pertinent literature to evaluate whether the emergence of thrombocytopenia could discriminate between severe and non-severe cases. Even though the results of a recent study to establish a prediction model for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (19) introduced C reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and lymphocyte count as the most valuable laboratory parameters reflecting COVID-19 severity, articles continuously introducing novel biomarkers with the ability to predict disease outcome are published daily. To provide a clear viewpoint demonstrating the prognostic value of platelet count in this novel infection, we performed a meta-analysis of pertinent literature representing information on the indicated parameter in patients with a clinically validated definition of severe disease. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multiple lines of evidence have attested that decreased numbers of platelets may serve as a surrogate marker for poor prognosis in a wide range of infectious diseases. Thus, to provide a well-conceptualized viewpoint demonstrating the prognostic value of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19, we performed a meta-analysis of pertinent literature. METHODS: The keywords “platelet” OR “thrombocytopenia” AND “COVID-19” OR “coronavirus 2019” OR “2019-nCoV” OR “SARS-CoV-2” were searched in National Library of Medicine Medline/PubMed and Scopus between December 30, 2019, and May 9, 2020 in English without any restriction. The initial search results were first screened by title and abstract, and then full texts of relevant articles representing information on the platelet count (main outcome) with a clinically validated definition of COVID-19 severity were finally selected. To assess the existence of bias in the included studies, the funnel plot and egger plot along with egger tests were used. Also, the heterogeneity among the included studies was tested using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results of our meta-analysis of 19 studies, totaling 3383 COVID-19 patients with 744 (21.9%) severe cases, revealed that non-severe cases have a significantly higher number of platelets and showed that the probability of the emergence of thrombocytopenia is significantly higher in the severe cases with the pooled mean difference of -21.5 (%95 CI: -31.57, -11.43). CONCLUSION: Decreased number of platelets more commonly associates with severe COVID-19; however, whether the emergence of thrombocytopenia may result in diseases severity or the severity of the disease may decrease platelets, is open to debate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587988/ doi: nan id: cord-282726-deisqgmw author: Bashir, Mohamad title: Cardiovascular Disease and Surgery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 1063.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282726-deisqgmw.txt summary: Our knowledge of COVID-19 is still evolving rapidly, and this review aims to discuss the 14 healthcare impact sieved from the whole spectrum of this pandemic and focused on vascular 15 disease and surgery, implication on health economics, strategic assessment and future outlooks 16 for this prevailing situation. It reflects on limited measures taken to hat progression of disease 17 within the health sector and the potential effect that this virus might have in the future. There is no current study to delineate the structural changes that coronavirus can impact our 9 population cohort and give if any will be in the future. The Incubation Period 6 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation 7 and Application Clinical features of patients infected 15 with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 5 2019: retrospective study abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0741521420310764 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.479 id: cord-341919-8gnthufw author: Basi, Saajan title: Clinical course of a 66-year-old man with an acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of a COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-23 words: 4192.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341919-8gnthufw.txt summary: 3 There appears to be a growing correlation between COVID-19 positive patients presenting to hospital with ischaemic stroke; however, studies investigating this are in progress, with new data emerging daily. 10 The patient, in this case, illustrates the clinical relevance of understanding COVID-19, as he presented with an ischaemic stroke underlined by minimal respiratory symptoms, which progressed expeditiously, resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent death. Our case is an example of a new and ever-evolving clinical correlation, between patients who present with a radiological confirmed ischaemic stroke and severe COVID-19 pneumonia. As of April 2020, no comprehensive data of the relationship between ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 has been published, however early retrospective case series from three hospitals in Wuhan, China have indicated that up to 36% of COVID-19 patients had neurological manifestations, including stroke. abstract: A 66-year-old man was admitted to hospital with a right frontal cerebral infarct producing left-sided weakness and a deterioration in his speech pattern. The cerebral infarct was confirmed with CT imaging. The only evidence of respiratory symptoms on admission was a 2 L oxygen requirement, maintaining oxygen saturations between 88% and 92%. In a matter of hours this patient developed a greater oxygen requirement, alongside reduced levels of consciousness. A positive COVID-19 throat swab, in addition to bilateral pneumonia on chest X-ray and lymphopaenia in his blood tests, confirmed a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. A proactive decision was made involving the patients’ family, ward and intensive care healthcare staff, to not escalate care above a ward-based ceiling of care. The patient died 5 days following admission under the palliative care provided by the medical team. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843381/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235920 id: cord-303395-r0nj16l9 author: Basirjafari, Sedighe title: Association of Pediatric COVID‐19 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage date: 2020-08-14 words: 339.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303395-r0nj16l9.txt summary: We read with great interest an article from Li colleagues describing ¨The Neuroinvasive Potential of SARS‐CoV2 May Play a Role in the Respiratory Failure of COVID‐19 Patients¨. Here we describe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as a severe neurological manifestation associated with pediatric COVID‐19. Moreover, ABO blood type might have a prognostic role in the severity of COVID-19. Thus, patients with blood type O might have protection against severe COVID-19 12 . However, patients with blood group type A, as the patient described in this report, might be more predisposed to severe infection. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report abstract: We read with great interest an article from Li colleagues describing ¨The Neuroinvasive Potential of SARS‐CoV2 May Play a Role in the Respiratory Failure of COVID‐19 Patients¨. Here we describe subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as a severe neurological manifestation associated with pediatric COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26434 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26434 id: cord-276150-hp174yft author: Basnet, Sangita title: COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date: 2020-07-01 words: 3319.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt summary: In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Towards the end of March, there were five cases that had arrived from China, Europe, and Dubai that tested positive and were placed in isolation in COVID-19-designated hospitals in Kathmandu. On May 7, in order to increase the rate of testing in the limited number of facilities, PCR of pooled samples of individuals in quarantine and low risk for COVID-19 was started at a ratio of 1:5. After the initial cases introduced into Kathmandu by flight in early March as detailed above, there was a cohort of a few dozen Indian nationals adjacent to the border entering Nepal from India by land that tested positive. abstract: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) was identified in hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It rapidly spread across the globe within the span of a few months. Nepal is a low-resource country with limited critical care delivery infrastructure. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the virus, could potentially cause a medical catastrophe in Nepal. We reviewed all pertinent documents published in the public domain by the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal and other relevant literature. We aimed to describe the key strategies Nepal embraced in the first four months in its attempt to curtail the disease immediately following the identification of its first case and the challenges it faced. In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Testing capabilities, quarantine facilities, and isolation beds were also rapidly increased. We discuss how Nepal achieved some success in the first four months between January 13, 2020, when the first case was identified, to May 13, 2020. However, it faced several challenges that ultimately led to an exponential rise in cases thereafter. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8946 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8946 id: cord-346866-90w4zepx author: Bassareo, Pier Paolo title: Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine date: 2020-08-20 words: 5572.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346866-90w4zepx.txt summary: title: Learning from the past in the COVID-19 era: rediscovery of quarantine, previous pandemics, origin of hospitals and national healthcare systems, and ethics in medicine In that book, the procedure of separating infected from healthy people to prevent leprosy from spreading, according to Mosaic Law was described, (if the shiny spot on the skin is white but does not appear to be more than skin deep and the hair in it has not turned white, the priest is to isolate the affected person for seven days. 15 Since disease was considered as a divine punishment for sinners, the biblical 40-day period of purification had crossed over into health practices and the term ''quarantine'' had great symbolic and religious significance to medieval Christians. 19 20 According to current knowledge, the bubonic plague has an averaged 37-day period from infection to death; therefore, the European quarantines would be highly successful in determining the health of crews from potential trading and supply ships. abstract: After the dramatic coronavirus outbreak at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on 11 March 2020, a pandemic was declared by the WHO. Most countries worldwide imposed a quarantine or lockdown to their citizens, in an attempt to prevent uncontrolled infection from spreading. Historically, quarantine is the 40-day period of forced isolation to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. In this educational paper, a historical overview from the sacred temples of ancient Greece—the cradle of medicine—to modern hospitals, along with the conceive of healthcare systems, is provided. A few foods for thought as to the conflict between ethics in medicine and shortage of personnel and financial resources in the coronavirus disease 2019 era are offered as well. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32907877/ doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138370 id: cord-263214-h6lkvlj3 author: Bassi, Massimiliano title: BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-04-22 words: 1319.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263214-h6lkvlj3.txt summary: title: BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT We report the case of a COVID-19 patient developing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to post-intubation tracheal injury. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management, with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of patient''s conditions. However, some patients need hospitalization for respiratory support and a relevant rate (ranging between 9.8 and 15.2%) requires oro-tracheal intubation (OTI) for invasive ventilation. We present a case of a COVID-19 patient who develops massive pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema for post-intubation tracheal injury. Considering the hemodynamic and respiratory instability after conservative management, a bedside surgical tracheostomy with primary suture of the tracheal lesion was performed. In order to reduce the risk of epidemic spread and avoid transporting, in absence of a COVID-19 dedicated operating room, the procedure was performed bedside. abstract: Abstract SARS-Co-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019. A relevant rate of patients develops an acute respiratory distress syndrome that require hospitalization. Among them, a non-negligible rate (9.8%-15.2%) requires tracheal intubation for invasive ventilation. We report the case of a COVID-19 patient developing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to post-intubation tracheal injury. The management of COVID-19 patient can be challenging due to the risk of disease transmission to caregivers and epidemic spread. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management, with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of patient’s conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333850/ doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.009 id: cord-347982-omxcdiwt author: Basso, Fernanda Gisele title: Cooperative efforts on developing vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 Cooperative efforts for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 words: 3433.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347982-omxcdiwt.txt summary: The present research analyzes how the cooperation networks were set off considering the clinical trials on therapies and vaccines that were developed specifically to treat or prevent COVID-19. For the construction of cooperation networks, it was assumed that organizations signed agreements and/or treaties to develop specific studies, establishing joint ownership of the results and the new drug or vaccine, with the purpose of forming an alliance for innovation [20] . Regarding the distribution of the types of organizations that cooperate by category (Fig 3) , a greater diversity of partnerships was observed in antibodies, followed by vaccines and proteins, because these categories address complex therapies and require complementarity among several disciplines (e.g., adjuvants in Because clinical adoption and commercial success are due to the incorporation degree of existing practices in innovation processes [23] , the diffusion of disruptive technologies in this field may encounter greater challenges. abstract: Health organizations have always sought partnership to join competencies in innovation, even with fierce competition in this sector. In this pandemic moment it is relevant to observe how organizations behave to seek quick and safe answers. The present research analyzes how the cooperation networks were set off considering the clinical trials on therapies and vaccines that were developed specifically to treat or prevent COVID-19. Social Network Analysis technique was used to build cooperation networks and apply metrics that characterize these connections. There was an evaluation of statistics of Strength of cooperation and Unilateral dependence of cooperation that identify the cooperation strength between two organizations, and the dependence of this relations. A total of 415 clinical trial were identified, of which 42% are in cooperation. From organizations that have partnership, firms are the first, followed by universities. We extracted the main categories that concentrate 74% of partnerships in the trials of antibody, and vaccine. Several organizations cooperate in multiple categories of trials, evidencing the efforts to focus on different strategies to treat the disease. We found high strength of cooperation and an assimetryc dependency between partners, which can be assigned to specialized models of partnership and it occurs in competitive enviroments like this pandemic moment. Cooperation were not limited to geographical proximity and the advent of Chinese players can represent a new change in the biotechnological development axis. Finally, the challenge of finding therapeutic or immunological solutions for COVID-19 demonstrates a clear composition of cooperation groups that complement their skills to manage organizational strategies to beat the pandemic. In this new paradigm, there can be partnerships not only in clinical trial but also in pre-competitive technologies development. This experience is expected to change the way of organizations define their R&D strategies and start to adopt more a collaborative innovation model. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.06.282145 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.06.282145 id: cord-257468-woyycghi author: Basso, Trude title: Transmission of infection from non-isolated patients with COVID-19 to health care workers date: 2020-08-20 words: 1824.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257468-woyycghi.txt summary: This study evaluated transmission of infection from a symptomatic patient with COVID-19 to 60 HCWs exposed ≤2 m for ≥15 minutes, or during aerosol generating procedures. Following ≥106 unique high-risk contacts, none of the HCWs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or had developed antibodies. These results were in accordance with other reports and should reassure HCWs and further stimulate a broader evaluation of the foundation for the current practice of home-quarantine of non-symptomatic HCWs. During the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the proportion of health care workers (HCWs) amongst verified, infected individuals, has been reported somewhere between 10 and 20 % [1, 2] . In this study we found that ≥106 unique close contact exposures, including 12 contacts during AGPs with a nonisolated patient with COVID-19, resulted in no SARS-CoV-2 transmissions from patient to HCWs. With one exception, all included HCWs were certain or quite certain that their adherence to the hand hygiene procedure had been proper at the time of exposure. abstract: Insufficiently protected health care workers (HCWs) defined as high-risk contacts of patients with COVID-19 are routinely quarantined. This study evaluated transmission of infection from a symptomatic patient with COVID-19 to 60 HCWs exposed ≤2 m for ≥15 minutes, or during aerosol generating procedures. Following ≥106 unique high-risk contacts, none of the HCWs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or had developed antibodies. The HCWs reported adherence to basic infection control procedures. These results were in accordance with other reports and should reassure HCWs and further stimulate a broader evaluation of the foundation for the current practice of home-quarantine of non-symptomatic HCWs. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120304023 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.015 id: cord-349945-kur9r5n5 author: Bataille, Stanislas title: Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients? date: 2020-04-22 words: 477.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349945-kur9r5n5.txt summary: The screening for COronaVirus Infection Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging: many patients are asymptomatic, viral RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab is falsely negative in 30% and pulmonary CT-SCAN is useless in patients with no pulmonary involvement 1,2 . We compared ferritin levels in COVID+ and COVID-infected patients in the hemodialysis patients of our dialysis center in the months preceding viral infection and during infection and found a critical difference (figure 1). In the COVID+ patients, mean ferritin levels in March (before viral infection) and at diagnosis were respectively 584±318 and 1446±1261ng/mL (mean±SD), which was a mean increase of 275%. Interestingly, ferritin levels were elevated at diagnosis in the 5 asymptomatic patients as well as the patients with symptoms (respectively 1209±1292 and 1535±1280ng/mL, mean±SD). A) Comparison of ferritin levels in first week March 2020 (before COVID-19 epidemic had occurred in our center) and at diagnosis of COVID-19 (student t-test). abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0085253820304269 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.017 id: cord-260214-2axc1wn3 author: Batista, Berlinda title: Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() date: 2020-08-07 words: 2580.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260214-2axc1wn3.txt summary: title: Minimizing disease spread on a quarantined cruise ship: A model of COVID-19 with asymptomatic infections() Outbreaks in contained environments full of 23 older individuals, such as cruise ships and nursing homes, create a problem 24 of heightened transmission rates and severe cases, and modeling them can 25 show us the best way to mitigate an outbreak in a closed environment. In this paper we show that quarantine on a ship with COVID-19, even 68 with a majority of crew and passengers having immunity, either acquired or 69 through vaccination, will lead to disease spread. While it is true that not all crew members interact with the same freTable 5 in Appendix A has the 176 infection data for the Diamond Princess cruise ship with the results for the 177 passengers and crew members combined [1] for February 5-20, 2020. Estimating the 681 asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases 682 on board the diamond princess cruise ship abstract: On February 5 the Japanese government ordered the passengers and crew on the Diamond Princess to start a two week quarantine after a former passenger tested positive for COVID-19. During the quarantine the virus spread rapidly throughout the ship. By February 20, there were 651 cases. We model this quarantine with a SEIR model including asymptomatic infections with differentiated shipboard roles for crew and passengers. The study includes the derivation of the basic reproduction number and simulation studies showing the effect of quarantine with COVID-19 or influenza on the total infection numbers. We show that quarantine on a ship with COVID-19 will lead to significant disease spread if asymptomatic infections are not identified. However, if the majority of the crew and passengers are immune or vaccinated to COVID-19, then quarantine would slow the spread. We also show that a disease similar to influenza, even with a ship with a fully susceptible crew and passengers, could be contained through quarantine measures. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556420301073?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108442 id: cord-296219-zzg9hds0 author: Battaglini, Denise title: Neurological Manifestations of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Implications of Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Settings date: 2020-08-12 words: 7486.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296219-zzg9hds0.txt summary: Within this Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; ANE, acute necrotizing encephalopathy; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BBB, blood brain-barrier; CA, Ammon''s horn; CD, cluster of differentiation; CI, confidence interval; CNS, central nervous system; CoV, coronavirus; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computed tomography; CXCR, chemokine receptor; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DO 2 , oxygen delivery; DPP4, dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen; FOX, forkhead box; HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; ICP, intracranial pressure; IFN, interferon; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; MHV, mouse hepatitis virus; MRI, magnetic resonance images; nCoV, novel coronavirus; OR, odds ratio; PaCO 2 , partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO 2 partial pressure of oxygen; PbtO 2 brain tissue oxygenation tension; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PRES posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; RM, recruitment maneuvers; RNA, ribonucleic acid; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; TLRs, toll-like receptor; TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WHO, World Health Organization. abstract: In December 2019, an outbreak of illness caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, subsequently renamed SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread worldwide to become a pandemic. Typical manifestations of COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, fatigue, and respiratory distress. In addition, both the central and peripheral nervous system can be affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These neurological changes may be caused by viral neurotropism, by a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulative state, or even by mechanical ventilation-associated impairment. Hypoxia, endothelial cell damage, and the different impacts of different ventilatory strategies may all lead to increased stress and strain, potentially exacerbating the inflammatory response and leading to a complex interaction between the lungs and the brain. To date, no studies have taken into consideration the possible secondary effect of mechanical ventilation on brain recovery and outcomes. The aim of our review is to provide an updated overview of the potential pathogenic mechanisms of neurological manifestations in COVID-19, discuss the physiological issues related to brain-lung interactions, and propose strategies for optimization of respiratory support in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903391/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00845 id: cord-336395-v157jzvv author: Battaglini, Denise title: Chest physiotherapy: an important adjuvant in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 words: 7003.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336395-v157jzvv.txt summary: In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. The current review discussed the data regarding the important role J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f of chest physiotherapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19, during mechanical ventilation and after weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: In late 2019, an outbreak of a novel human coronavirus causing respiratory disease was identified in Wuhan, China. The virus spread rapidly worldwide, reaching pandemic status. Chest computed tomography scans of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have revealed different stages of respiratory involvement, with extremely variable lung presentations, which require individualized ventilatory strategies in those who become critically ill. Chest physiotherapy has proven to be effective for improving long-term respiratory physical function among ICU survivors. The ARIR recently reported the role of chest physiotherapy in the acute phase of COVID-19, pointing out limitation of some procedures due to the limited experience with this disease in the ICU setting. Evidence on the efficacy of chest physiotherapy in COVID-19 is still lacking. In this line, the current review discusses the important role of chest physiotherapy in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19, around the weaning process, and how it can be safely applied with careful organization, including the training of healthcare staff and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment to minimize the risk of viral exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1569904820301877 doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103529 id: cord-292156-chmyzmq0 author: Battiato, Concetto title: Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the epidemiology of orthopedics trauma in a region of central Italy date: 2020-10-02 words: 757.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292156-chmyzmq0.txt summary: • Italy is among the most affected countries by COVID-19; • The general lockdown significantly reduced road accident traumas, high energy traumas and sport injuries; • Domestic accidents or fall related traumas do not seem to show any variations. [1] Comparing the same periods in 2019 and 2020, it can be seen how the COVID-19 outbreak had a relevant impact on orthopedic surgical treatments, its frequency, type of fracture, anatomical location involved. It is also interesting to note that the epidemiology of orthopaedic trauma has decreased with equal distribution between the upper and lower limbs, but fractures of femur, elbow and humerus that often are due to domestic accidents, have remained stable. Future studies with a larger number of patients and a longer observation period are needed to evaluate the real impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiology of orthopedic trauma surgery. abstract: • Italy is among the most affected countries by COVID-19; • The general lockdown significantly reduced road accident traumas, high energy traumas and sport injuries; • Domestic accidents or fall related traumas do not seem to show any variations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069393/ doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.044 id: cord-288867-iicfe7il author: Bauch, Chris T title: COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced? date: 2020-05-20 words: 924.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288867-iicfe7il.txt summary: These questions are how we might think of some of the dilemmas created by the COVID-19 pandemic, which presents us with difficult trade-offs in equity, economics, public health, and civil liberties. Plainly put, they ask the question: should health authorities place potentially exposed individuals into a quarantine setting where their separation from others can be enforced, or should authorities simply let them go home, ask them to avoid contacts, and monitor them for COVID-19 symptoms through phone calls or health-care visits? Aware of this dilemma, Peak and colleagues 1 use a mathematical model of the early spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to establish the conditions under which individual quarantine works better than active monitoring. Individual quarantine versus active monitoring of contacts for the mitigation of COVID-19: a modelling study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330992030428X doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30428-x id: cord-307945-wkz43axo author: Baud, Grégory title: Endocrine surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines in France date: 2020-04-30 words: 2084.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307945-wkz43axo.txt summary: Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic. Likewise, to meet their need for specific guidelines, the Frenchspeaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) brought together a group of experts to propose principles for the surgical management of thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal pathologies during the Covid-19 epidemic and afterwards, when surgical activity will be able to return gradually to its normal pattern. In the Covid-19 epidemic setting, its scheduling depends on the presence or absence of severe hypercalcemia, defined by a very high level of blood calcium > 3.5 mmol/l (140 mg/l) (17) , and/or the presence of clinical complications -acute pancreatitis secondary to HPT, brown tumor, calciphylaxis, fracture osteopenia, heart rhythm disorders (QT shortening on ECG, bradycardia with risk of asystole) with cardiac insufficiency (17) (18) (19) (20) . abstract: Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic commands a major reorganization of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare center, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32448761/ doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.018 id: cord-309826-xutv2x8p author: Baud, Grégory title: Chirurgie endocrinienne au cours et au décours de l’épidémie de COVID-19: Recommandations de l’AFCE date: 2020-04-30 words: 2238.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309826-xutv2x8p.txt summary: Ces recommandations, rédigées par un groupe d''experts sous l''égide de l''Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne (AFCE), ont pour objectif de proposer des principes spécifiques de prise en charge chirurgicale au cours et au décours de l''épidémie de COVID19, pour les pathologies chirurgicales de la thyroïde, des parathyroïdes, du pancréas endocrine, et des surrénales. Plus d''un mois maintenant après le début de l''épidémie, il devient essentiel d''assurer la prise en charge des autres pathologies, non liées à COVID mais pour lesquels le report de l''intervention au-delà de la période épidémique pourrait aggraver le pronostic, notamment sur le plan vital. En cas d''hypercalcémie sévère, l''intervention doit être programmée en semi urgence, sans attendre la fin de la période épidémique, voire en urgence, lorsqu''elle n''est pas contrôlée par le traitement médical. Pour l''HPT secondaire, le traitement chirurgical n''est pas recommandé pendant la période épidémique, en raison du risque supérieur d''infection COVID chez les patients dialysés (24) . abstract: Résumé La pandémie de COVID-19 impose une réorganisation majeure de l’ensemble de notre système de soins. En France, des règles générales ont été diffusées au niveau national et sont déclinées par chaque établissement, public comme privé, sur l'ensemble du territoire. Ces recommandations, rédigées par un groupe d’experts sous l’égide de l’Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne (AFCE), ont pour objectif de proposer des principes spécifiques de prise en charge chirurgicale au cours et au décours de l’épidémie de COVID- 19, pour les pathologies chirurgicales de la thyroïde, des parathyroïdes, du pancréas endocrine, et des surrénales. Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic commands a major reorganization of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare center, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the Covid-19 epidemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878786X20301030?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.015 id: cord-257729-s0vo7dlk author: Bauer, Melissa title: Obstetric Anesthesia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 4278.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257729-s0vo7dlk.txt summary: T he management of obstetric patients infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) due to human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires quite unique considerations-from caring for critically ill pregnant and postpartum women to protecting health care workers from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members, and beyond). 4 An additional manifestation noted among patients with COVID-19 infection is the sudden loss (or reduction) of the sense of smell and taste, which is currently recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. abstract: With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. The priorities are 2-fold in the management of obstetric patients with COVID-19 infection or persons under investigation (PUI): (1) caring for the range of asymptomatic to critically ill pregnant and postpartum women; (2) protecting health care workers and beyond from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members). The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations or, when evidence is limited, expert opinion for anesthesiologists caring for pregnant women during the COVID19 pandemic with a focus on preparedness and best clinical obstetric anesthesia practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004856 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004856 id: cord-274513-0biyfhab author: Baumgartner, M. T. title: Assessing the relative contributions of healthcare protocols for epidemic control: an example with network transmission model for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 5076.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274513-0biyfhab.txt summary: In this study, we used an individual-based age-structured network model to assess the effective roles of different healthcare protocols such as the use of personal protection equipment and social distancing at neighborand city-level scales. Our results revealed that the model was more sensitive to changes in the parameter representing the rate of contact among people from different neighborhoods, which defends the social distancing at the city-level as the most effective protocol for the control of the disease outbreak. By varying model parameters related to these protocols, we were able to discuss better scenarios considering the delay in the infection peak and lower numbers of cases, as well as activities with a low potential to boost the outbreak. Given the specified model structure, those results forecasting early wave peaks emerged under moderate to high probabilities of the individual-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus (high β), in combination with higher encountering rates among people (v and k) ( Figure 1 ; Table S1 ). abstract: The increasing number of COVID-19 cases threatens human life and requires retainment actions that control the spread of the virus in the absence of effective medical therapy or a reliable vaccine. There is a general consensus that the most efficient health protocol in the actual state is to disrupt the infection chain through social distancing, although economic interests stand against closing non-essential activities and poses a debatable tradeoff. In this study, we used an individual-based age-structured network model to assess the effective roles of different healthcare protocols such as the use of personal protection equipment and social distancing at neighbor- and city-level scales. Using as much as empirical data available in the literature, we calibrated a city model and simulated low, medium, and high parameters representing these protocols. Our results revealed that the model was more sensitive to changes in the parameter representing the rate of contact among people from different neighborhoods, which defends the social distancing at the city-level as the most effective protocol for the control of the disease outbreak. Another important identified parameter represented the use of individual equipment such as masks, face shields, and hand sanitizers like alcohol-based solutions and antiseptic products. Interestingly, our simulations suggest that some periodical activities such as going to the supermarket, gas station, and pharmacy would have little contribution to the SARS-CoV-2 spread once performed within the same neighborhood. As we can see nowadays, there is an inevitable context-dependency and economic pressure on the level of social distancing recommendations, and we reinforce that every decision must be a welfare-oriented science-based decision. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20158576 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20158576 id: cord-353996-slnyun4l author: Baumgartner, M. T. title: Social distancing and movement constraint as the most likely factors for COVID-19 outbreak control in Brazil date: 2020-05-08 words: 6874.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353996-slnyun4l.txt summary: In spite of all limitations of such a large-scale approach, our results underline that climatic conditions are likely weak limiting factors for the spread of the new coronavirus, and the circulation of people in the cityand country-level are the most responsible factors for the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil. We studied the exponential growth of time series data for over 460 cities with reported cases of infections by the new coronavirus, considering the effect of the environment, socioeconomic indicators, movement of people across the country, and social distancing. Our results show that the early spread of the new coronavirus in Brazil was mitigated by social distancing in some regions, but was also positively related to the size of the population of cities and how people moved across them. . https://doi.org/10.1101 In Great China, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak expanded fast throughout the country and the majority of early cases reported outside of its origin had admitted recent travels to Wuhan, the core of the disease spread (Chinazzi et al., 2020) . abstract: As thousands of new cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed, there is an increasing demand to understand the factors underlying the spread of this disease. Using country-level data, we modeled the early growth in the number of cases for over 480 cities in all Brazilian states. As the main findings, we found that the percentage of people respecting social distancing protocols was the main explanatory factor for the observed growth rate of COVID-19. Those cities that presented the highest spread of the new coronavirus were also those that had lower averages of social distancing. We also underline that total population of cities and connectivity, represented by the city-level importance to the air transportation of people across the country, plays important roles in the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. Climate and socioeconomic predictors had little contribution to the big-picture scenario. Our results show that different States had high variability in their growth rates, mostly due to quite different public health strategies to retain the outbreak of COVID-19. In spite of all limitations of such a large-scale approach, our results underline that climatic conditions are likely weak limiting factors for the spread of the new coronavirus, and the circulation of people in the city- and country-level are the most responsible factors for the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil. Moreover, we reinforce that social distancing protocols are fundamental to avoid critical scenarios and the collapse of healthcare systems. We also predict that economic-induced decisions for relaxing social distancing might have catastrophic consequences, especially in large cities. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.02.20088013v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088013 id: cord-273602-cq276tj8 author: Bavishi, Chirag title: Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A review date: 2020-06-06 words: 2116.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273602-cq276tj8.txt summary: Randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury. In this concise review, we will focus on acute myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection, its prevalence, plausible pathophysiologic mechanisms, guidance on the use of cardiac biomarkers, and general management strategies. In a prospective cohort study by Du et al(11) of 179 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, troponin I ≥0.05 ng/mL was independently associated with mortality in addition to age ≥65 years, pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) or cerebrovascular diseases and CD3+CD8+ Tcells ≤75 cells/μL. Epidemiological studies and randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities regulating immune function and inhibiting inflammatory responses to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury. Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic with millions affected and millions more at risk for contracting the infection. The COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2, affects multiple organ systems particularly the lungs and heart. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers, particularly high-sensitivity troponin and/or creatine kinase MB, is common in patients with COVID-19 infection. In our review of clinical studies, we found that in 26 studies including 11,685 patients, the weighted pooled prevalence of acute myocardial injury was 20% (ranged from 5% to 38% depending on the criteria used). The plausible mechanisms of myocardial injury include, 1) hyperinflammation and cytokine storm mediated through pathologic T-cells and monocytes leading to myocarditis, 2) respiratory failure and hypoxemia resulting in damage to cardiac myocytes, 3) down regulation of ACE2 expression and subsequent protective signaling pathways in cardiac myocytes, 4) hypercoagulability and development of coronary microvascular thrombosis, 5) diffuse endothelial injury and ‘endotheliitis’ in several organs including heart, and, 6) inflammation and/or stress causing coronary plaque rupture or supply-demand mismatch leading to myocardial ischemia/infarction. Cardiac biomarkers can be used to aid in diagnosis as well as risk stratification. In patients with elevated hs-troponin, clinical context is important and myocarditis as well as stress induced cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential, along with type I and type II myocardial infarction. Irrespective of etiology, patients with acute myocardial injury should be prioritized for treatment. Clinical decisions including interventions should be individualized and carefully tailored after thorough review of risks/benefits. Given the complex interplay of SARS-CoV-2 with the cardiovascular system, further investigation into potential mechanisms is needed to guide effective therapies. Randomized trials are urgently needed to investigate treatment modalities to reduce the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 related acute myocardial injury. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033062020301237?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.013 id: cord-345059-t6hojshj author: Bayoumy, A. B. title: Unrealized potential of drug repositioning in europe during COVID-19 and beyond: a physcian’s perspective date: 2020-07-17 words: 5421.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345059-t6hojshj.txt summary: Clinical research groups recognizing the efficacy of these old and often off patent generic drugs need funding and regulatory support for patient benefit through the process of clinical drug development. The orphan regulation declares that a drug that has been labeled as an orphan drug by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use receives market exclusivity for a period of 10 years. Well-balanced regulatory support from national market authority agencies or the EMA is urgently needed for clinical research groups that intend to repurpose older drugs for new indications. The current framework for drug repositioning allows "venture capital" companies to abuse loopholes in the legislation to gain long-term market authorization among with excessive high pricing. The current framework for drug repositioning allows "venture capital" companies to abuse loopholes in the legislation to gain long-term market authorization among with excessive high pricing. abstract: Drug repositioning is the scientific strategy of investigating existing drugs for additional clinical indications. The advantages of drug repositioning are that it benefits patients and that it adds new indications to existing drugs for lower costs compared to de novo drug development. Clinical research groups recognizing efficacy of these “old” drugs for a new indications often face an uphill struggle due to a lack of funding and support because of poor structural and regulatory support for clinical drug development. The current framework for drug repositioning allows “venture capital” companies to abuse loopholes in the legislation to gain long-term market authorization among with excessive high pricing. A new regulatory framework is needed to prevent abuse of the legislation and promote clinical investigator-driven drug repositioning. The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted funding and regulatory support for drug repositioning. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic should be implemented in a new clear blueprint for drug repositioning. This blueprint should guide clinicians through legislation for drug repositioning in the EU. This review summarizes the routes for registration and discusses the current state of drug repositioning in Europe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695427/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00249-9 id: cord-340537-pdvpmydk author: Bañon-Gonzalez, Rafael title: Autopsies of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases date: 2020-07-15 words: 3682.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt summary: Abstract Forensic physicians should consider the possibility that people who have died from violent or unknown causes may be infected by the virus SARS-CoV-2, or that the diagnosis of the disease has legal implications, which requires adequate knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, protective measures, adequate sampling and the pathological characteristics. This article reviews the aspects of the pathophysiology of the disease that have an impact on the infectivity of the body''s tissues and fluids, measures for preventing biological risk, taking samples and pathological findings, both macroscopic and microscopic, associated with death caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 13 Nevertheless, infection by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a high rate of mortality, and many carriers are known to exist who have no symptoms or only mild ones, so that it is possible that some of the corpses that will be subjected to a medical-legal autopsy are infected by this virus. abstract: Abstract Forensic physicians should consider the possibility that people who have died from violent or unknown causes may be infected by the virus SARS-CoV-2, or that the diagnosis of the disease has legal implications, which requires adequate knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease, protective measures, adequate sampling and the pathological characteristics. The practice of autopsies on people who have died from COVID-19 has been limited by the mandatory preventive measures against contagion and by the need for facilities with a level of protection against level-3 biological risk, and therefore series published to date are scarce and partial,with limited approaches (minimally invasive autopsy or needle biopsy). This article reviews the aspects of the pathophysiology of the disease that have an impact on the infectivity of the body's tissues and fluids, measures for preventing biological risk, taking samples and pathological findings, both macroscopic and microscopic, associated with death caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2445424920300200 doi: 10.1016/j.remle.2020.05.002 id: cord-338647-dtuohsf5 author: Başcı, Semih title: Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors date: 2020-08-27 words: 2709.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338647-dtuohsf5.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aim to report the outcome of COVID-19 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHOD: The data of 16 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with CML receiving TKI and age, gender, and comorbid disease matched COVID-19 patients without cancer at a 3/1 ratio (n = 48), diagnosed between March 11, 2020 and May 22, 2020 and included in the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health database, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation (MV) support were lower in CML patients compared to the control group, however, these differences did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.1, and p = 0.2, respectively). Moreover, the rates of ICU admission and MV support, CFR were lower and length of hospital stay was shorter in CML patients receiving TKI compared to the age, gender and comorbidity matched control group but these differences were not statistically significant. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aim to report the outcome of COVID-19 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHOD: The data of 16 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with CML receiving TKI and age, gender, and comorbid disease matched COVID-19 patients without cancer at a 3/1 ratio (n = 48), diagnosed between March 11, 2020 and May 22, 2020 and included in the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health database, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation (MV) support were lower in CML patients compared to the control group, however, these differences did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.1, and p = 0.2, respectively). The length of hospital stay was shorter in CML patients compared with the control group; however, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.8). The case fatality rate (CFR) in COVID-19 patients with CML was 6.3%, and it was 12.8% in the control group. Although the CFR in CML patients with COVID-19 was lower compared to the control group, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.5). When CML patients were divided into 3 groups according to the TKI, no significant difference was observed regarding the rate of ICU admission, MV support, CFR, the length of stay in both hospital and ICU (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study highlights that large scale prospective and randomized studies should be conducted in order to investigate the role of TKIs in the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155220953198 doi: 10.1177/1078155220953198 id: cord-332268-x30svp5y author: Bearden, Donna M. title: COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers date: 2020-05-20 words: 3692.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332268-x30svp5y.txt summary: A viral genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, currently termed SARS-CoV‑2, with a disease process called COVID-19 was released 1 week later via online resources to obtain public health support in control of spread. Perhaps the most detailed study to date, shedding light on how patients may present and progress, is an analysis of the first 99 cases of confirmed novel corona pneumonia in Wuhan [12] . Nowak and Walkowiak, in a recently released review of five in vitro studies reporting on the effect of lithium in coronavirus infections, concluded that the drug does have antiviral activity and should be explored as a potential treatment or prophylaxis for COVID-19 [24] . The authors concluded "our work suggests that remdesivir may improve disease outcomes in coronavirus patients, serve to protect health care workers in area with endemic MERS-CoV and prove valuable in preventing future epidemics " [3] . abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the China office was first notified of cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan City on 31 December 2019. A viral genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, currently termed SARS-CoV‑2, with a disease process called COVID-19 was released 1 week later via online resources to obtain public health support in control of spread. Since then, the virus rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Therefore, healthcare providers need to be familiar with the clinical presentation of infected patients and measures to quickly isolate them. The prevention of nosocomial spread is paramount to proper control of COVID-19 and is reviewed. Currently, treatment is supportive. Researchers are working to develop vaccines and identify effective antiviral interventions. Those recently discussed in the literature are briefly reviewed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01678-x doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01678-x id: cord-323696-0lq8ql6n author: Bearman, Gonzalo title: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time? date: 2020-05-20 words: 1856.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323696-0lq8ql6n.txt summary: We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. 1 We reflect on the US and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. abstract: Abstract The United States (US) spends more on healthcare than any other country with little evidence of better, or even comparable, outcomes. We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. Without institutionalizing the lessons learned, the US will be positioned to repeat the missteps of COVID-19 with the next pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.059 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.059 id: cord-272128-93tmtji8 author: Becher, Yael title: D-dimer and C-reactive Protein Blood Levels Over Time Used to Predict Pulmonary Embolism in Two COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 words: 1105.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272128-93tmtji8.txt summary: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases. We present two COVID-19 patients in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected (and diagnosed) due to a discrepancy between an increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time. An increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. The diagnosis of PE is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases [2, 3] . Herein, we present two COVID-19 patients in whom PE was predicted by a novel method based on measuring D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels over time. abstract: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in symptomatic COVID-19 patients since shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, fever, oxygen desaturation and high D-dimer blood levels might be features of both diseases. We present two COVID-19 patients in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected (and diagnosed) due to a discrepancy between an increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time. We believe that an opposite change in the blood levels of both biomarkers over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. LEARNING POINTS: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is challenging in COVID-19 patients since symptoms, signs and high D-dimer blood levels might be similar in both diseases. An increase in D-dimer blood levels and a decrease in C-reactive protein blood levels over time may be used as a novel method to predict pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001725 doi: 10.12890/2020_001725 id: cord-326173-3x435v6q author: Beck, Matthew J. title: Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions date: 2020-08-18 words: 11515.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326173-3x435v6q.txt summary: We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Likewise, the Google Community Mobility Report (Google 2020) presented in Figure 4 (which aggregates data across Australia and compares to the median value for the corresponding day of the week during the 5-week period Jan 3-Feb 6, 2020 as a baseline) shows a sustained increase in time spent at work, retail and recreation, and parks, while time at home has slowly diminished. Given the anecdotal evidence in new media sources about increased use of active travel modes (Abano 2020, Landis-Hanley 2020) and greater use of public spaces for exercise and recreation (O''Sullivan 2020), questions were included in Wave 2 around whether or not respondents had felt they had increased or decreased use of different modes in the previous week, and how they were planning to change their use as restrictions were eased. abstract: The COVID-19 disease continues to cause unparalleled disruption to life and the economy world over. This paper is the second in what will be an ongoing series of analyses of a longitudinal travel and activity survey. In this paper we examine data collected over a period of late May to early June in Australia, following four-to-six weeks of relatively flat new cases in COVID-19 after the initial nationwide outbreak, as many state jurisdictions have begun to slowly ease restrictions designed to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We find that during this period, travel activity has started to slowly return, in particular by private car, and in particular for the purposes of shopping and social or recreational activities. Respondents indicate comfort with the idea of meeting friends or returning to shops, so authorities need to be aware of potential erosion of social distancing and appropriate COVID-safe behaviour in this regard. There is still a concern about using public transport, though it has diminished noticeably since the first wave of data collection. We see that working from home continues to be an important strategy in reducing travel and pressure on constrained transport networks, and a policy measure that if carried over to a post-pandemic world, will be an important step towards a more sustainable transport future. We find that work from home has been a generally positive experience with a significant number of respondents liking to work from home moving forward, with varying degrees of employer support, at a level above those seen before COVID-19. Thus, any investment to capitalise on current levels of work from home should be viewed as an investment in transport. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004 id: cord-311730-189vax2m author: Becker, Richard C. title: Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence date: 2020-04-27 words: 4514.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311730-189vax2m.txt summary: The SNS exists under the authority of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and accepted 30 million doses of hydroxychloroquine sulfate donated by Sandoz™, the Novartis™ generics and biosimilars division, and one million doses of chloroquine phosphate donated by Bayer Pharmaceuticals™ for potential use in treating patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 or for use in clinical trials. The adverse effects associated with taking hydroxychloroquine are similar to those observed with chloroquine and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, AV conduction defects, a prolonged QTc interval with torsades de pointe ventricular tachycardia, hypokalemia, hypotension and circulatory collapse. Similarly, patients with Covid-19 for whom a clinician believes that either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is indicated must receive information, preferably in the form of a fact sheet that clearly summarized the dose, duration of treatment, potential risks, side-effects and drug-drug interactions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32338320/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02120-9 id: cord-284403-f8s4123u author: Becq, Aymeric title: Drastic decrease of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours during the Covid-19 pandemic in the paris area date: 2020-08-04 words: 4284.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284403-f8s4123u.txt summary: MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours in the Paris and Petite Couronne area. The main result is that compared to the usual stable case load, the COVID-19 pandemic coincides with a drastic drop in the number (44.4%) of urgent acts performed outside regular working hours. abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected medical care. We surmise that the number of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours in the Paris area decreased as a result. The objective of this study was to describe the observed number of acts during the 2020 mandatory period of home isolation, compared to the values in prior years and the expected value for 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected the number of endoscopies performed between January 17(th) and April 17(th) 2018, 2019 and 2020. We then collected clinical, endoscopic and outcome variables from the patients of years 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: From March 17(th) to April 17(th) (during home isolation), the number of acts was respectively of 147 in 2018, 137 in 2019, and 79 in 2020, lower that the expected number of 142 (-44.0%). In 2020, the number of endoscopies for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and findings of variceal and non-variceal bleeding decreased by 52.1%, 69.2% and 43.1% respectively, after a month of home isolation. In-hospital death rate were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that the urgent endoscopy caseload outside regular hours decreased nearly by half during the pandemic. Our results suggest a decreased number of endoscopies for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, and findings of variceal and non-variceal bleeding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32788129/ doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.012 id: cord-283196-laerx0n2 author: Bedford, Juliet title: Living with the COVID-19 pandemic: act now with the tools we have date: 2020-10-08 words: 1695.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283196-laerx0n2.txt summary: The Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards (STAG-IH), the independent advisory group to the WHO Health Emergencies Programme, has reviewed information from countries around the world and has concluded that the most sound approach on the basis of current understanding is to deploy long-term strategies with a focus on preventing amplification of transmission, protecting those most at risk of severe illness, and supporting research to better understand the virus, the disease, and people''s responses to them. 2 This approach is based on three principles: understanding, trust, and participation by all population groups; decreased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using basic epidemiological and public health interventions; and acknowledging that any potential COVID-19 vaccines and treatments will only be part of the solution and that they will best perform in conjunction with a longterm overall public health strategy. With current knowledge, even in the absence of COVID-19 vaccines or treatments and comprehensive knowledge of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, countries can navigate pathways to reduced transmission, decreased severe illness and mortality, and less economic disruption in the short and longer term. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33038947/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32117-6 id: cord-278932-wp4kimij author: Been, Jasper V title: Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the incidence of preterm birth: a national quasi-experimental study date: 2020-10-14 words: 5129.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278932-wp4kimij.txt summary: INTERPRETATION: In this national quasi-experimental study, initial implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures was associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of preterm births in the following months, in agreement with preliminary observations elsewhere. Although the link between COVID-19 mitigation measures and reductions in the incidence of preterm birth identified in the aforementioned Danish and Irish studies has sparked substantial optimism globally regarding its potential to help identify new clues for effective prevention, the evidence base is still small. 2, 3 We, therefore, aimed to use a much larger sample, consisting of routinely collected data, and a quasi-experimental approach to study the impact of the COVID-19 mitigation measures implemented in the Netherlands on the incidence of preterm birth. Evidence before this study Preliminary evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to mitigate its impact on population health were followed by reductions in preterm births, particularly those occurring at very low gestational ages. abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the leading cause of child mortality globally, with many survivors experiencing long-term adverse consequences. Preliminary evidence suggests that numbers of preterm births greatly reduced following implementation of policy measures aimed at mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 mitigation measures implemented in the Netherlands in a stepwise fashion on March 9, March 15, and March 23, 2020, on the incidence of preterm birth. METHODS: We used a national quasi-experimental difference-in-regression-discontinuity approach. We used data from the neonatal dried blood spot screening programme (2010–20) cross-validated against national perinatal registry data. Stratified analyses were done according to gestational age subgroups, and sensitivity analyses were done to assess robustness of the findings. We explored potential effect modification by neighbourhood socioeconomic status, sex, and small-for-gestational-age status. FINDINGS: Data on 1 599 547 singleton neonates were available, including 56 720 births that occurred after implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures on March 9, 2020. Consistent reductions in the incidence of preterm birth were seen across various time windows surrounding March 9 (± 2 months [n=531 823] odds ratio [OR] 0·77, 95% CI 0·66–0·91, p=0·0026; ± 3 months [n=796 531] OR 0·85, 0·73–0·98, p=0·028; ± 4 months [n=1 066 872] OR 0·84, 0·73–0·97, p=0·023). Decreases in incidence observed following the March 15 measures were of smaller magnitude, but not statistically significant. No changes were observed after March 23. Reductions in the incidence of preterm births after March 9 were consistent across gestational age strata and robust in sensitivity analyses. They appeared confined to neighbourhoods of high socioeconomic status, but effect modification was not statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: In this national quasi-experimental study, initial implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures was associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of preterm births in the following months, in agreement with preliminary observations elsewhere. Integration of comparable data from across the globe is needed to further substantiate these findings and start exploring underlying mechanisms. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065022/ doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30223-1 id: cord-321282-fyhkok3t author: Beglaibter, Nahum title: Practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in Israel during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 words: 4169.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321282-fyhkok3t.txt summary: In the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the bariatric surgeons'' community faced many concerns and challenges, especially in light of a decree issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) on March 22nd, to ban all elective surgery in public hospitals. The administrators in the public sector, but more so in the private sector were ambiguous in instructing staff, leading surgeons to a more "personal non-structured" practice in the first phase of the pandemic. On March 22nd, 2020, peak pandemic in Israel, a governmental decree banned all elective surgery (including bariatric procedures) in the public sector. The aim of this survey is to compare the practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in the public and the private sectors during the first phase of the pandemic in light of conflicting guidelines. The information gathered referred to bariatric surgery practice by sector (public, private) following the governmental decree dated March 22nd 2020, as well as contraindications for bariatric procedures and use of protective equipment. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Israel ranks very high globally in performing bariatric surgery (BS) per capita. In the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic the bariatric surgeons’ community faced many concerns and challenges, especially in light of a decree issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) on March 22nd, to ban all elective surgery in public hospitals. The aim of this study is to portray the practices and attitudes of Israeli bariatric surgeons in the first phase of the pandemic. METHODS: Anonymous web-based questionnaire sent to all active bariatric surgeons in Israel. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software package. RESULTS: 53 out of 63 (84%) active surgeons responded to the survey. 18% practice in the public sector only, 4% in the private sector only and 78% in both sectors. 76% practice BS for more than 10 years and 68% perform more than 100 procedures a year. Almost all the surgeons (98%) experienced a tremendous decrease in operations. Nevertheless, there were substantial differences by sectors. In the public sector, 86% of the surgeons ceased to operate while 14% did not comply with the government’s decree. In the public sector 69% of the surgeons were instructed by the administrators to stop operating. The majority of surgeons who continued to operate (77%) changed nothing in the indications or contra-indications for surgery. Among the surgeons who opted to refrain from operating on special sub-groups, the most frequent reasons were pulmonary disease (82%), age above 60 (64%), Ischemic heart disease (55%) and living in heavily affected communities. Roughly only half (57%) of the surgeons implemented changes in informed consent and operating room (OR) measures, contrary to guidelines and recommendations by leading professional societies. When asked about future conditions for reestablishing elective procedures, the reply frequencies were as follows: no special measures - 40%; PCR negativity - 27%; IgG positivity - 15%; waiting until the end of the pandemic- 9%. CONCLUSIONS: We showed in this nation-wide survey that the variance between surgeons, regarding present and future reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, is high. There were substantial differences between the private and the public sectors. Although the instructions given by the MOH for the public sector were quite clear, the compliance by surgeons and administrators was far from complete. The administrators in the public sector, but more so in the private sector were ambiguous in instructing staff, leading surgeons to a more “personal non-structured” practice in the first phase of the pandemic. These facts must be considered by regulators, administrators and surgeons when planning for reestablishing elective BS or in case a second wave of the pandemic is on its way. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126921/ doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00420-2 id: cord-350239-jwwazskv author: Begley, J. L. title: Assessing the risk of nosocomial infection posed by COVID‐19 tracheal intubation: the first intubateCOVID results date: 2020-07-22 words: 454.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350239-jwwazskv.txt summary: However, many readers would be more interested in knowing to what extent performing tracheal intubation directly exposes them to the risk of contracting COVID-19. If the risk of contracting the virus were associated with performing tracheal intubation per se, we would expect to see certain signals in the data, which we did not. • There was no increase in risk associated with intubating a patient''s trachea with confirmed COVID-19 vs. a patient with merely suspected disease (their Table 4 ), and • There was no association between the number of tracheal intubations performed and the primary outcome (their Supplementary Fig. S1 ). At this stage, there is not a sufficient pool of data against which to make this comparison, but it is possible that the infection rate among participants is no higher than in the general hospital workforce [3] , or indeed a community''s other essential workers [4] . Risks to healthcare workers following tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: a prospective international multicentre cohort study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15219 doi: 10.1111/anae.15219 id: cord-350767-6kc4hyzo author: Beh, Darius L L title: The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 2467.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350767-6kc4hyzo.txt summary: title: The Pandemic Academy: Reflections of Infectious Diseases Fellows During COVID-19 As Infectious Diseases fellows, this has come straight into the heart of our specialty and created a unique impact on our training progress and perspective. On January 23 rd 2020, Singapore confirmed its first case of COVID-19, and by February 7 th we moved to a heightened disease outbreak response level emphasizing the urgency of pandemic readiness [8] . As we mark 3 months of our fellowship in the COVID-19 era, we reflect on our experiences and the unique impact of this pandemic on ID fellows. The emergent need for new policies and workflows in the hospital has provided a unique opportunity for us to have a seat at the table and have a say in the development and implementation of infection control policies and clinical operational workflows. The unknown nature of an emerging infectious disease meant that both attendings and fellows were on similar learning curves, redefining the mentor-mentee dynamic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has taken over the world at an unprecedented scale. As Infectious Diseases fellows, this has come straight into the heart of our specialty and created a unique impact on our training progress and perspective. Here, we reflect on our early experiences during the first three months of battling COVID-19 in Singapore and glean some lessons for this pandemic and beyond. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa256 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa256 id: cord-268424-5c6edaw8 author: Behera, D. title: Tb Cotrol In India In The Covid Era date: 2020-08-28 words: 1204.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268424-5c6edaw8.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel corona virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has upset the major public health care system throughout the world. In all these countries, the disruption to TB services due to the EVD epidemic would have increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, TB morbidity and mortality, and decreased patient adherence to TB treatment, and the likely impact will not be known for several years to come. The COVID-19 pandemic will impact existing and well-performing public health programs including the tuberculosis (TB) control programs (30) . Impact of infectious disease epidemics on tuberculosis diagnostic, management, and prevention services: experiences and lessons from the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes Predicted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tuberculosis deaths in 2020. abstract: TB Control in India in the COVID era. COVID-19 pandemic has disturbed the delivery of health care in almost all countries of the world. This has affected mostly the public health control programs. Because of lock downs, restrictions in movement, psychological fear of contacting the disease in health care facilities, diversion of health care workers for containment and management of COVID-19, utilization of diagnostic facilities like CBNAAT machines for COVID work, conversion of hospitals for care of these patients, financial diversion etc has created issues in the NTEP to focuss on TB control in India. Case notification and other areas of the program to achieve End TB by 2025 have suffered. Various ways of overcoming these difficulties have been discussed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0019570720301487 doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.08.019 id: cord-340090-dqhdws5k author: Behera, P. title: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study date: 2020-11-03 words: 3780.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt summary: title: Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study 11 It has also been found to prevent symptoms of COVID-19 in post-exposure prophylaxis among HCWs. 12 When given to high-risk healthcare workers in contact with COVID-19 patients in a study from Egypt, it was found that compared to 7.4% of the intervention arm, 58.5% of participants from the control arm had symptoms suggesting of COVID-19 infection. Our study has shown that two doses of ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 μg/kg given 72 hours apart was associated with a 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among HCWs for the is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background: Ivermectin is one among several potential drugs explored for its therapeutic and preventive role in COVID-19 infection. The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and development of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. Methods: A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted among healthcare workers of AIIMS Bhubaneswar, India, from September to October 2020. Profession, gender, age and date of diagnosis were matched for 186 case-control pairs. Cases and controls were healthcare workers who tested positive and negative, respectively, for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Exposure was defined as the intake of ivermectin and/or hydroxychloroquine and/or vitamin-C and/or other prophylaxis for COVID-19. Data collection and entry was done in Epicollect5, and analysis was performed using STATA version 13. Conditional logistic regression models were used to describe the associated factors for COVID-19 infection. Results: Ivermectin prophylaxis was taken by 77 controls and 38 cases. Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis (0.27, 95% CI, 0.15-0.51) was associated with 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers for the following one month, those who were involved in physical activity (3.06 95% CI, 1.18-7.93) for more than an hour/day were more likely to contract COVID-19 infection. Type of household, COVID duty, single-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, vitamin-C prophylaxis and hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis were not associated with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis at a dose of 300 g/kg with a gap of 72 hours was associated 73% reduction of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers for the following one-month. Further research is required before its large scale use. Keywords: COVID-19, Ivermectin, Chemoprophylaxis, Healthcare workers, India url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.20222661v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222661 id: cord-262556-gpnp06je author: Behrens, Estuardo title: COVID-19: IFSO LAC Recommendations for the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery date: 2020-08-22 words: 3197.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262556-gpnp06je.txt summary: RESULTS: The resumption of elective BMS must be a priority maybe similar to oncological surgery, when hospitals reach phase I or II, treating obesity patients in a NON-COVID area, avoiding inadvertent intrahospital contagion from healthcare provider, patients, and relatives. On December 2019, Wuhan, China, reported an outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) , an RNA virus that affects the respiratory system and has a high fatality rate especially in adults over the age of 60 and patients suffering obesity and its comorbidities [1] [2] [3] . Currently, the most effective treatment against obesity available is bariatric and metabolic surgery, which further resolves or improves the related comorbidities that are the same risk factors in developing a severe case of SARS-CoV-2. It is recommended that elective bariatric surgery be performed in medical facilities with the necessary infrastructure to treat obesity patients in a NON-COVID area. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic varies greatly and has different dynamics in every country, city, and hospital in Latin America. Obesity increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it is one of the independent risk factors for the most severe cases of COVID-19. Currently, the most effective treatment against obesity available is bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS), which further resolves or improves other independent risk factors like diabetes and hypertension. OBJECTIVE: Provide recommendations for the resumption of elective BMS during COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: This document was created by the IFSO-LAC Executive Board and a task force. Based on data collected from a survey distributed to all IFSO-LAC members that obtained 540 responses, current evidence available, and consensus reached by other scientific societies. RESULTS: The resumption of elective BMS must be a priority maybe similar to oncological surgery, when hospitals reach phase I or II, treating obesity patients in a NON-COVID area, avoiding inadvertent intrahospital contagion from healthcare provider, patients, and relatives. Same BMS indication and types of procedures as before the pandemic. Discard the presence of SARS-CoV-2 within 72 h prior to surgery. Continues laparoscopic approach. The entire team use N95 mask. Minimum hospital stays. Implement remote visits for the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Resumption of elective BMS is crucial because it is not only a weight loss operation but also resolves or improves comorbidities and appears to be an immune restorative procedure of obese patients in the medium term, offering them the same probability of contracting COVID-19 as the regular population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827292/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04910-9 id: cord-318757-po0zpvw5 author: Beig, Gufran title: COVID-19 and Environmental -Weather Markers: Unfolding Baseline Levels and Veracity of Linkages in Tropical India date: 2020-08-22 words: 2003.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318757-po0zpvw5.txt summary: Although there are numerous confounding 33 factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline 34 PM 2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be 35 considered as one of the critical factors. Although there are numerous confounding 33 factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline 34 PM 2.5 levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be 35 considered as one of the critical factors. Present work tends to suggest a 336 significant rise in the fatality in people with underlying conditions because of chronic 337 exposure to baseline air pollution levels rather than averaged ambient air pollution levels for 338 PM 2.5 and shown in Figure 1 To understand the association of COVID-19 with weather and climatological parameters, the 360 correlation study has been done in the present work. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe due to its contagion nature. We hereby report the baseline permanent levels of two most toxic air pollutants in top ranked mega cities of India. This could be made possible for the first time due to the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdown emission scenario. The study also unfolds the association of COVID-19 with different environmental and weather markers. Although there are numerous confounding factors for the pandemic, we find a strong association of COVID-19 mortality with baseline PM(2.5) levels (80% correlation) to which the population is chronically exposed and may be considered as one of the critical factors. The COVID-19 morbidity is found to be moderately anti-correlated with maximum temperature during the pandemic period (-56%). Findings although preliminary but provide a first line of information for epidemiologists and may be useful for the development of effective health risk management policies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0013935120310185 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110121 id: cord-285315-7r44j3q9 author: Bein, Berthold title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie date: 2020-04-09 words: 2244.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285315-7r44j3q9.txt summary: Die Case Fatality Rate (Zahl der Infizierten, die verstirbt; Letalität) von SARS-CoV-2 beträgt aktuellen Berechnungen nach nur 1,4 %, wobei das Risiko für eine symptomatische Infektion mit zunehmendem Alter ansteigt (ca. Die Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) zitiert in ihren kürzlich publizierten Empfehlungen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 eine aktuelle Metaanalyse, in der keine Überlegenheit von speziellen "respiratory masks" (analog unseren FFP2/FFP3-Masken) gegenüber konventionellem Mund-Nasen-Schutz bezüglich einer Ansteckung von medizinischem Personal, das infektiöse Patienten betreut hatte, gefunden werden konnte [30] . Das bedeutet konkret, dass die Behandlung von Patienten mit COVID-19 zuallererst auf "Best Standard Care" beruht, also auf einer optimalen Anwendung evidenzbasierter Therapieempfehlungen, die für die Therapie des akuten Lungenversagens (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS) erarbeitet wurden [33] . abstract: COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic with serious challenges to health systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 – 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Morbidity is about 1 – 2%. Protecting health care workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, a personal safety equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and an adequate management of organ failures are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies evolve with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, there is no evidence based recommendation possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32274773/ doi: 10.1055/a-1146-8674 id: cord-264145-73e61rlq author: Belančić, Andrej title: Gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia - Additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity date: 2020-09-18 words: 1328.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264145-73e61rlq.txt summary: The overall intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition in the individuals with obesity could be shifted away from immunosilent/immunoinhibitory Bacteroidetes LPS subtypes, in favor of various proinflammatory LPS subtypes due to gut microbiome dysbiosis. ABSTRACT: The overall intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition in the individuals with obesity could be shifted away from immunosilent/immunoinhibitory Bacteroidetes LPS subtypes, in favor of various proinflammatory LPS subtypes due to gut microbiome dysbiosis. Taking everything into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity. Taking everything into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity. Taking everything previously mentioned into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity (Figure 1 ). abstract: The overall intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition in the individuals with obesity could be shifted away from immunosilent/immunoinhibitory Bacteroidetes LPS subtypes, in favor of various proinflammatory LPS subtypes due to gut microbiome dysbiosis. What is more, high-fat diet, as well as obesity per se, enhance intestinal permeability through various mechanisms. Latter results in increased paracellular absorption and transcellular (via chylomicrons) transport of endogenous endotoxin in the circulatory system (endotoxemia). In addition, it is known that lipid A initiates a signaling cascade resulting in activation of various proinflammatory pathways and increases oxidative stress upon binding to tool-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Taking everything into consideration, it is very likely that gut microbiome dysbiosis and endotoxemia represent the additional pathophysiological explanation for increased COVID-19 severity in obesity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451847620301226?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100302 id: cord-277252-yw5wcq1e author: Belen-Apak, F. Burcu title: Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy date: 2020-05-05 words: 669.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277252-yw5wcq1e.txt summary: authors: Belen-Apak, F. title: Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy As PIC is the first step of the disease, the patients fail to respond to classical treatment modalities targeting pulmonary oedema, ARDS and MAS with cytokine storm. Plasminogen and TPA has been used in COVID-19 patients in a few studies and have been shown to be beneficial in improving respiratory capacity [7, 8] . According to the previous literature, we think the major pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease starts with hyper coagulation and PIC. Why the immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia are distinct from macrophage activation syndrome with disseminated Intravascular coagulation Pulmonary pathology of early-phase, 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer Is there a role for plasminogen activator (tPA) as a novel treatment for refractory COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Plasminogen improves lung lesions and hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32372336/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02129-0 id: cord-304898-he57l0y7 author: Belghmaidi, Sarah title: Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Presenting with Unilateral Diplopia and Strabismus in a 24-Year-Old Woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 1666.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304898-he57l0y7.txt summary: Patient: Female, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Third cranial nerve palsy in a women presenting COVID-19 Symptoms: Ophthalmoplegia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is the causative agent of a serious disease that is of great global public health concern. We describe the case of a patient with an incomplete palsy of the left third cranial nerve sparing the pupils in the context of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with confirmed COVID-19, which presented with acute onset of diplopia and strabismus of the left eye that occurred 3 days after the start of general symptoms. A previously healthy 24-year-old woman, with no medical history (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, vasculitis, smoking, obesity, familial neurological disease, or other risk factors for ischemic ophthalmoplegia), presented to the Emergency Department for acute onset of strabismus and diplopia of the left eye, evolving for 3 days. abstract: Patient: Female, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Third cranial nerve palsy in a women presenting COVID-19 Symptoms: Ophthalmoplegia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID 19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is the causative agent of a serious disease that is of great global public health concern. Palsy of the third cranial nerve is very rare in patients with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We describe the case of a patient with an incomplete palsy of the left third cranial nerve sparing the pupils in the context of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with confirmed COVID-19, which presented with acute onset of diplopia and strabismus of the left eye that occurred 3 days after the start of general symptoms. The patient had no significant medical history. Based on detailed ophthalmic and neurological examination, acute painless incomplete palsy of the third cranial nerve was suspected. Oculo-cerebral magnetic resonance angiography was unremarkable. Blood tests revealed mild normocytic regenerative anemia. According to the Moroccan recommendations, chloroquine and azithromycin were started. After what, a quick improvement of exotropia and diplopia was observed, and complete recovery was obtained by the sixth day of treatment. No adverse effects of the treatment were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause neurological complications such as cranial nerve palsy. The pathological mechanism remains unclear. Full recovery of the ocular motricity is possible, and prognosis depends on the severity of the respiratory illness. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.925897 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925897 id: cord-310315-w4rgjsbl author: Belhadi, Amine title: Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies date: 2020-10-23 words: 8480.0 sentences: 517.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310315-w4rgjsbl.txt summary: In seeking the answers to the above RQs considering the criticality of the infectious municipal WM generated during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper contributes to the development of a WM strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic by proposing a combined life-cycle assessment (LCA), life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, and AHP-VIKOR method to select a WM treatment technology under the effect of IVF environment. The significant selection of the most suitable treatment technologies for the infectious SW and WW during the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex MCDM problem that implies consideration of multiple numbers of alternatives and evaluation criteria (Wang et al. To help decision-makers in the African context ascertain the current challenges of municipal WM and devise a suitable infectious waste treatment plan, a combined AHP and VIKOR method under the IVF environment is proposed to evaluate and prioritize the infectious SW and WW alternatives from an LCC-LCA perspective. abstract: The emerging and underdeveloped countries in Africa face numerous difficulties managing infectious waste during the SARS-CoV-2 disease, known as the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to help decision-makers in African countries to select the best available waste management strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research undertakes seamless assessment and prioritization of infectious solid waste (SW) and wastewater (WW) treatment technologies based on a criteria system involving four dimensions, i.e., environment-safety, technology, economics, and sociopolitics. A combined approach that integrates the results of life-cycle assessments and life-cycle costs (LCA–LCC), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and VIKOR method in an interval-valued fuzzy (IVF) environment is proposed. The results reveal that combined incineration and chemical disinfection approach, and combined chlorination and ultraviolet irradiation are the most sustainable technologies for managing infectious SW and WW treatment in the present context. The proposed approach, alongside the findings of the study, constitutes a reference to devise urgent planning for contagious waste management in African countries as well as developing countries worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33095317/ doi: 10.1007/s00267-020-01375-5 id: cord-253993-ynrthadj author: Belhassan, Assia title: Assessment of effective imidazole derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 main protease through computational approach date: 2020-09-18 words: 1766.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253993-ynrthadj.txt summary: The result indicate that Molecules N° 3, 7 and 14 have more binding energy with SARS-CoV-2 main protease recently crystallized (pdb code 6LU7) in comparison with the other imidazole derivatives and the two drug; Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Based on all these effects, the study of interactions between chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and the eighteen imidazole derivatives against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease are recommended. In this paper, the modeling interaction of eighteen imidazole derivatives against novel Coronavirus are performed using the molecular docking method followed by comparison with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine interactions formed in the same binding site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In this study, we have tried to carry out a docking study of chemical compounds reported as potent Antiplasmodial inhibitors of imidazole derivatives based on 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline and analogues in the active site of SARS-Cov-2 main protease, flowed by comparison with two drugs; chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. abstract: Because of the fast increase in deaths due to Corona Viral Infection in majority region in the world, the detection of drugs potent of this infection is a major need. With this idea, docking study was executed on eighteen imidazole derivatives based on 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline against novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we carried out a docking study of these molecules in the active site of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The result indicate that Molecules N° 3, 7 and 14 have more binding energy with SARS-CoV-2 main protease recently crystallized (pdb code 6LU7) in comparison with the other imidazole derivatives and the two drug; Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Because of the best energy of interaction, these three molecules could have the most potential antiviral treatment of COVID-19 than the other studied compounds. The structures with best affinity in the binding site of the protease have more than 3 cycles and electronegative atoms in the structure. This may increase the binding affinity of these molecules because of formation of π-bonds, halogen interactions and/or Hydrogen bond interactions between compounds and the enzyme. So, compounds with more cycles and electronegative atoms could have a potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0024320520312224 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118469 id: cord-304895-fw7qt571 author: Belhouideg, Soufiane title: Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 words: 2568.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304895-fw7qt571.txt summary: This study highlights the impact of 3D printing on the combat against COVID19, and its importance in the medical product supply chain. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. 12, 13 Using this technology, the developed open-source designs of medical equipment are shared freely. Then, people from the 3D printing community have developed a variety of reusable PPE products using low-cost desktop 3D printers, such as N95 masks, surgical masks, face shields, and Controlled Air Purifying Respirator (CAPR) system. Chagas et al 24 summarize several open source projects to fabricate personal protective equipment and the developed approaches in COVID-19 diagnostics. Impact of 3D printed medical equipment on the management of the Covid19 pandemic abstract: Very high mortality rates of coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) are observed around the world due to lack of medical equipment. The increased need for medical devices and personal protective equipment (PPE) has kept several healthcare professionals at risk. Fortunately, 3D printing technology allows to overcome the lack of medical supplies. This study highlights the impact of 3D printing on the combat against COVID19, and its importance in the medical product supply chain. Indeed, the existing medical equipment fabricated by 3D printing technology and its role in the management of Covid19 pandemic is presented. Moreover, the last works are examined to know whether the models of the medical equipment are free of use and whether useful informations are presented (eg, available design data and setup guidelines). url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3009 doi: 10.1002/hpm.3009 id: cord-295082-z29567vc author: Belingheri, Michael title: Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date: 2020-07-11 words: 168.0 sentences: 18.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295082-z29567vc.txt summary: key: cord-295082-z29567vc authors: Belingheri, Michael; Paladino, Maria Emilia; Piacenti, Susanna; Riva, Michele Augusto title: Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on epidemic diseases of childhood date: 2020-07-11 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26253 sha: doc_id: 295082 cord_uid: z29567vc nan The spread of COVID-19 may be interrupted by early detection, isolation, prompt treatment, and the implementation of a robust system to trace contacts. 3 spreading some of these diseases (eg. chickenpox). COVID-19 epidemic indeed led to a decreasing flow to the ED, due to a common fear of being infected during ED in-stay. Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers Working schedule, sleep quality, and susceptibility to COVID-19 in healthcare workers COVID-19: health prevention and control in non-healthcare settings Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy Pattern of emergency department referral during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26253 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26253 id: cord-345191-nabxpyw3 author: Bell, Sadie title: Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England date: 2020-10-19 words: 1956.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345191-nabxpyw3.txt summary: 180 of interest such as underrepresented populations in the survey (e.g. participants from ethnic 181 minority groups or reporting a lower household income) and/or indicated they would likely 182 refuse a COVID-19 vaccine, for their child or themselves. Interviews lasted Parents'' and guardians'' views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multimethods study in England 213 INSERT TABLE 1 HERE 214 215 43.3% of survey participants (n=530) provided their details to be contacted for a follow-on 216 interview. 255 To protect self and others 256 Of survey participants expressing positive intentions to vaccinate and leaving an open-text 257 response, the most prevalent reason was to provide protection from COVID-19 to the Parents'' and guardians'' views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multimethods study in England 259 protecting other people (for self: 23.7%, n=213; for child: 19.5%, n=180), including family 260 members (for self: 12.2%, n=109; for child: 5.3%, n=49). abstract: Background The availability of a COVID-19 vaccine has been heralded as key to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 vaccination programme success will rely on public willingness to be vaccinated. Methods We used a multi-methods approach - involving an online cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews - to investigate parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine. 1252 parents and guardians (aged 16+ years) who reported living in England with a child aged 18 months or under completed the survey. Nineteen survey participants were interviewed. Findings Most survey participants reported they would likely accept a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves (Definitely 55.8%; Unsure but leaning towards yes 34.3%) and their child/children (Definitely 48.2%; Unsure but leaning towards yes 40.9%). Less than 4% of survey participants reported that they would definitely not accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Survey participants were more likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves than their child/children. Participants that self-reported as Black, Asian, Chinese, Mixed or Other ethnicity were almost 3 times more likely to reject a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their children than White British, White Irish and White Other participants. Survey participants from lower-income households were also more likely to reject a COVID-19 vaccine. In open-text survey responses and interviews, self-protection from COVID-19 was reported as the main reason for vaccine acceptance. Common concerns identified in open-text responses and interviews were around COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness, mostly prompted by the newness and rapid development of the vaccine. Conclusion Information on how COVID-19 vaccines are developed and tested, including their safety and efficacy, must be communicated clearly to the public. To prevent inequalities in uptake, it is crucial to understand and address factors that may affect COVID-19 vaccine acceptability in ethnic minority and lower-income groups who are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33109389/ doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.027 id: cord-314013-g091lv0s author: Belladonna, Maria Laura title: Potential Benefits of Tryptophan Metabolism to the Efficacy of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 2388.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314013-g091lv0s.txt summary: Here, we briefly discuss the potentially multiple, synergistic mechanisms whereby tocilizumab might exert therapeutic activity, mostly focusing on the production of tryptophan-derived catabolites that would result from blockade of IL-6 signaling, as contextualized to the cytokine storm occurring in COVID-19 patients. If a cytokine storm occurs, the ensuing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is typically associated with severe, rather than moderate, COVID-19, with an immunopathology being characterized by high serum levels of cytokines, CD4 + and CD8 + T (but not B) cell lymphopenia, diffused alveolar damage, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, and acute RDS (Pedersen and Ho, 2020) . COVID-19 is associated to a CRS referred as "cytokine storm" (A), whose reduction at lung level (the main target organ of SARS-CoV2 viral infection) may be achieved by TCZ therapy inhibiting IL-6 proinflammatory effect (B). TCZ treatment might restore a proper IDO1 activity, providing immunoactive Kyn as a ligand for AhR-dependent immune regulation, including the fostering of T-regulatory cell responses. abstract: Tocilizumab has been proposed as a means of opposing hyperinflammatory responses in intensive care patients with COVID-19. Here, we briefly discuss the potentially multiple, synergistic mechanisms whereby tocilizumab might exert therapeutic activity, mostly focusing on the production of tryptophan-derived catabolites that would result from blockade of IL-6 signaling, as contextualized to the cytokine storm occurring in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32636755/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00959 id: cord-298557-85e0l8or author: Bellido, Virginia title: CONSECUENCIAS DE LA COVID-19 SOBRE LAS PERSONAS CON DIABETES date: 2020-05-11 words: 1277.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298557-85e0l8or.txt summary: Abreviatiaturas: (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, (UCI) unidades de cuidados intensivos, (iDPP-4) inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4, (arGLP-1) agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón, (IECA) inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, (ARA-II) bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II. Keywords: COVID-19; diabetes; morbimortality; hospital; hyperglycemia; treatment; insulin therapy En diciembre del 2019, el nuevo coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19, fue identificado en Wuhan, China. Por lo tanto, las estrategias deben dirigirse a facilitar el acceso al sistema sanitario mediante la telemedicina para asesorar sobre la adaptación del tratamiento o cualquier otra situación médica manejable de forma remota, y orientar a los pacientes y cuidadores en el control de la diabetes en situación de enfermedad para prevenir la hospitalización. En los pacientes con diabetes hospitalizados por COVID-19, los escasos datos disponibles muestran que el control glucémico es inadecuado. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32475769/ doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.04.001 id: cord-313272-lkzo10r5 author: Bellini, Carlo title: Neonatal Transport and COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 words: 571.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313272-lkzo10r5.txt summary: Because infants have an immature immune system and the route of vertical transmission cannot be surely ruled out, newborns are a high-risk group for infection, thus growing the complexity of neonatal transport (figure). Recent recommendations established criteria for the definition of suspected or confirmed infection in neonates. [1] [2] [3] [4] In the case of an outborn neonate, it may be very difficult to reach a sure definition of suspected or confirmed infection. The Transport Study Group of the Italian Society of Neonatology suggested the recommendations to improve safety for the transport of suspected or confirmed infected newborns. It can happen in the case of a transport not scheduled at risk for COVID-19 that could be changing its triage en route; in this case, the availability of protective wear equipment on board allows the NETS team to be protected on the road, before approaching the at-risk newborn. Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2020.03.003 doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2020.03.003 id: cord-321403-fe4vgwz8 author: Bellini, Maria Irene title: Kidney transplantation and the lock‐down effect date: 2020-05-09 words: 583.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321403-fe4vgwz8.txt summary: All rights reserved The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted the healthcare system: when "business as usual" is no longer possible, as Intensive Care Units (ICUs) follow the principle of "capacity to benefit" to accommodate as many COVID-19 patients requiring ventilation as possible, there is an important decrease in the organ pool 1 . The lack of ICU capacity to accommodate donors dying from different reasons than COVID-19, leads to a drastic reduction of the transplant activity, important resource to be preserved in a safe and clean environment, separated by the rest of the dedicated COVID-19 beds. Preliminary data from Italy show already a 30% reduction in kidney transplant activity during the lock-down, in parallel with ICU COVID-19 beds crisis ( Figure 1 ). patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), kidney transplant activity is expected to be run again. abstract: Kidney transplantation might not be considered a life‐saving procedure as there are alternative forms of renal replacement, although it is superior in the long‐term life expectancy and overall costs. During COVID‐19 outbreak, we have to deal with the post‐immunosuppression COVID‐19 increased risk, a burden less prominent in the case of liver and heart transplant candidates, who eventually will die if not transplanted. Since kidney grafts can also be transplanted from a living donor, the suspended elective activity has had a major significant impact for this organ compared to the others. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tri.13639 doi: 10.1111/tri.13639 id: cord-300439-d86p43u1 author: Bello, Ajide Kazeem title: Estimating the impacts of lockdown on Covid-19 cases in Nigeria date: 2020-09-06 words: 2216.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300439-d86p43u1.txt summary: The study established the key following findings: First, retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, and workplaces are statistically significant and negatively signed as relevant predictors of the virus. On the Nigerian front, studies have concentrated on the resurgence of Lassa fever amidst COVID-19 outbreak (Reuben et al., 2020) , Almajiris displacement (Akintunde 2020), comparative analysis of models and estimators (Ayinde et al., 2020) , hunger prevalence (Kalu, 2020) , online forecasting (Abdulmajeed et al., 2020) , impact on transportation (Mogaji 2020) , and economic crisis (Ozili, 2020) . This study employs a negative binomial regression to unravel the impact of lockdown on COVID-19 cases in Nigeria for at least two reasons; first, the dependent variable used is a count data that only covers discrete and nonnegative values. Table 4 presents the results of the negative binomial regression estimations of the lockdown effects on Covid-19 for Nigeria. abstract: The study examines the extent to which lockdown measures impact on COVID-19 confirmed cases in Nigeria. Six indicators of lockdown entailing retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential, are considered. The empirical evidence is anchored on the Negative Binomial regression estimator, due to the count nature of the dataset on the daily cases of the virus. The study established the key following findings: First, retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, and workplaces are statistically significant and negatively signed as relevant predictors of the virus. Second, the impact of residential is positive and statistically significant at the conventional level. Lastly, the results are robust to an alternative estimator of Poisson Regression. The emanated policy message centres on the need to direct efforts toward ensuring total compliance to the lockdown rules as it holds the key to keeping the virus under check. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220301287?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100217 id: cord-103545-2v89ku4o author: Bellos, Ioannis title: Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: A meta-analysis date: 2020-11-13 words: 5197.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103545-2v89ku4o.txt summary: The following data were planned to be extracted from each of the included studies: name of first author, country, maternal age, medical history (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome), symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, myalgia, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, abdominal pain, chest pain), radiological signs, presence of co-infection (bacterial or influenza), laboratory tests (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased Creactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, liver function tests and D-dimers), type of treatment, pregnancy outcomes (fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes-PROM, placenta previa, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, stillbirth), maternal outcomes (admission to intensive care unit-ICU or death), neonatal outcomes (gender, gestational age, birthweight, 1-minute/5-minute Apgar score, horizontal/vertical transmission, admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and death). As a result, the present meta-analysis was based on 16 observational studies [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] and 44 case reports/series , including a total of 920 neonates born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Evidence concerning coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) in pregnancy is still scarce and scattered. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in covid-19 pregnancies and identify factors associated with perinatal viral transmission. Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched to 3 June 2020. Overall, 16 observational studies and 44 case reports/series were included. Fever was the most frequent maternal symptom, followed by cough and shortness of breath, while about 15% of infected were asymptomatic. Severe disease was estimated to occur in 11% of women in case reports/series and in 7% (95% CI: 4%-10%) in observational studies. Two maternal deaths were reported. The rate of neonatal transmission did not differ between women with and without severe disease (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 0.50-7.60). Preterm birth occurred in 29.7% and 16% (95% CI: 11%- 21%) in data obtained from case series and observational studies, respectively. Stillbirth occurred in 3 cases and 2 neonatal deaths were observed. Vertical transmission was suspected in 4 cases. Fever was the most common neonatal symptom (40%), followed by shortness of breath (28%) and vomiting (24%), while 20% of neonates were totally asymptomatic. In conclusion, the maternal and neonatal clinical course the infection is typically mild, presenting low mortality rates. The risk of vertical transmission is suggested to be low and may not be affected by the severity of maternal disease. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the risk factors associated with viral transmission and severe infection in the neonatal population. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301211520307491 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.038 id: cord-303304-3jagd9o2 author: Bellosta, Raffaello title: Major cardiovascular events in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: experience of a cardiovascular Department of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-06 words: 984.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303304-3jagd9o2.txt summary: • Although small with short-term data, our series reports a translational experience of a cardiovascular department facing MACE in COVID-19 patients being acute arterial events the new insight into this COVID-19 pandemic. Although hypercoagulable state, thrombophilias, and sepsis-induced coagulopathy have been preferentially associated with venous thromboembolism, in our early experience the COVID-19 related hypercoagulability involved the arterial system (cardiac and peripheral) in over 30% of cases. Currently, we are not able to find an unquestionable explanation for our finding, especially if we consider that in our series the ACS group showed a medical history characterized by a higher rate of cardiovascular risk factors if compared to what reported in larger cohort [4, 8] . Overall mortality was 38% in our early experience, which is comparable to the 37-69.4% range reported in COVID-19 cohorts with cardiovascular complications, albeit we have not seen a higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors [4, 8, 9] . abstract: • Although small with short-term data, our series reports a translational experience of a cardiovascular department facing MACE in COVID-19 patients being acute arterial events the new insight into this COVID-19 pandemic. • COVID-19 infection may trigger a hypercoagulable status leading to challenging MACE and is associated with high mortality rate. • COVID-19 patient with MACE should be treated with both ventilator support, extensive operative cardiac and peripheral revascularization, and the adjunct of heparin which provides better survival chance independently of the infection-related drug treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820305946 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.038 id: cord-284596-kxioojck author: Belvis, Robert title: Headaches During COVID‐19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-15 words: 2388.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284596-kxioojck.txt summary: Many studies have analyzed the clinical picture of COVID‐19, but they are focused on respiratory symptoms and headache is generically treated. 3 Headache was presented in 20%-56% of patients 3 and was the 5th more frequent symptom after fever, non-productive cough, mialgia, and chills/rigor. Headache seems to be the 5th most frequent COVID-19 symptom after fever, cough, myalgia/ fatigue, and dyspnea. 18 The prevalence of headaches in COVID-19 infection seems to be underestimated in terms of variety and clinical description because in the current studies the focus has likely been directed toward severe respiratory patients. The presentation of headache in COVID-19 patients after the improvement of the "influenza" phase, between the 7th and the 10th day of the clinical onset, can be a predictor marker of the onset of the cytokine storm. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze headaches related to COVID‐19 based on personal case experience. BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is an infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. The first reported case happened in Wuhan on December 1, 2019. At present, at least 1.8 million people are infected around the world and almost 110,000 people have died. Many studies have analyzed the clinical picture of COVID‐19, but they are focused on respiratory symptoms and headache is generically treated. METHODS: I describe and discuss my headaches during my COVID‐19 and I review the MEDLINE literature about headaches and COVID‐19. RESULTS: More than 41,000 COVID‐19 patients have been included in clinical studies and headache was present in 8%‐12% of them. However, no headache characterization was made in these studies. As a headache expert and based on my own personal clinical case, headaches related to COVID‐19 can be classified in the 2 phases of the disease. Acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection, primary cough headache, tension‐type headache and headache attributed to heterophoria can appear in the first phase (the influenza‐like phase); and headache attributed to hypoxia and a new headache, difficult to fit into the ICHD3, can appear if the second phase (the cytokine storm phase) occurs. CONCLUSIONS: Several headaches can appear during COVID‐19 infection. All of them are headaches specified in the ICHD3, except 1 that occurs from the 7th day after the clinical onset. This headache is probably related to the cytokine storm that some patients suffer and it could be framed under the ICHD3 headache of Headache attributed to other non‐infectious inflammatory intracranial disease. Although the reported prevalence of headaches as a symptom of COVID‐19 infection is low, this experience shows that, very probably, it is underestimated. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13841 doi: 10.1111/head.13841 id: cord-307998-uaubbz4r author: Ben Abdallah, Iannis title: Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery date: 2020-04-23 words: 394.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307998-uaubbz4r.txt summary: title: Early experience in Paris with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgery Our ICU capacities have been doubled by transforming any available 3 space with ventilators into ICUs: recovery rooms, outpatient surgical unit, even ORs. As to spare 4 most of in-hospital resources, all non-emergent surgical procedures have been cancelled. According to the French Society for Vascular Surgery''s 6 recommendations based on the 3Ss principle (save Staff, Space and Stuff), our surgical activity is 7 now limited to the following emergencies: acute aortic syndromes, critical and acute limb 8 ischemia, symptomatic carotid stenosis, mesenteric ischemia and vascular access for 9 hemodialysis, with endovascular favored over open repair whenever possible to shorten hospital 10 and ICU stay. Regarding staff management, our daily rotations have been completely modified with one team 4 dedicated to vascular emergencies in each center. probably face a post-pandemic wave of patients with severe vascular conditions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335307/ doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.467 id: cord-341220-b2u8gswb author: Ben-Ezra, Menachem title: The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study date: 2020-08-20 words: 1459.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341220-b2u8gswb.txt summary: title: The association between COVID-19 WHO non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in the UK population: A preliminary study A national study of 1293 participants from the UK recorded location, underlying medical conditions and non-recommended behaviors along with psychological distress. Elevated psychological distress was associated with living in London, underlying medical conditions and practicing non-recommended behaviors. However, no empirical study to date has been conducted on the associations between the WHO non-recommended behaviors and psychological distress. Previous studies showed the association between the COVID-19 with psychological distress in the general population 3, 4 . In our study, elevated psychological distress was highest amongst women, those with a background illness, those at the original epicenter of the outbreak (London) and those who practice at least one and above non-recommended behaviors. In sum, to our knowledge is the first study to empirically examine the association between nonrecommended behaviors during COVID-19 and psychological distress. abstract: The novel Coronavirus COVID-19 has led the WHO to warn of the risk of potentially disruptive behaviors. However, the association between maladaptive actions and mental health has not been empirically assessed. A national study of 1293 participants from the UK recorded location, underlying medical conditions and non-recommended behaviors along with psychological distress. Elevated psychological distress was associated with living in London, underlying medical conditions and practicing non-recommended behaviors. Findings suggest that medical authorities should address the association between psychological distress and adoption of potentially maladaptive behaviors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32861984/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.012 id: cord-325019-hznnoxw6 author: Benavides-Cordoba, Vicente title: Drug Repositioning for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 2897.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325019-hznnoxw6.txt summary: In this review, we present a selection of drugs, of different classes and with potential activity against COVID-19, whose trials are ongoing; and as proofs of concept, double blind, add-on event-driven, would allow proposing research that generates results in less time and preserving quality criteria for drug development and approval by regulatory agencies. Likewise, when researching new molecules in humans, it is necessary to ask several questions that could improve the designs, and avoid some failures, such as, for example, did the drug hit the target?, did the medication change the target?, what was the dose response?, and what are the characteristics of the study patients?. Hydroxychloroquine, a chloroquine analog, is a medicine widely used in the treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases 35 , being currently the most studied drug for treating COVID-19. In COVID 19, 133 clinical trials are registered, taking different degrees of severity, ranging from prophylactic use in the general population and in health workers 38 to patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). abstract: Drug repositioning is a strategy that identifies new uses of approved drugs to treat conditions different from their original purpose. With the advance of COVID-19 and the pandemic declaration; It has become the closest alternative to reduce the advance of the virus. Antimalarial, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, monoclonal antibodies, among others, are being studied; their findings, although preliminary, could establish a starting point in the search for a solution. In this review, we present a selection of drugs, of different classes and with potential activity against COVID-19, whose trials are ongoing; and as proofs of concept, double blind, add-on event-driven, would allow proposing research that generates results in less time and preserving quality criteria for drug development and approval by regulatory agencies. url: https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v51i2.4279 doi: 10.25100/cm.v51i2.4279 id: cord-327413-zdbnoy1q author: Bendjelid, Karim title: Hemodynamic monitoring of Covid-19 patients. Classical methods and new paradigms date: 2020-09-04 words: 1311.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327413-zdbnoy1q.txt summary: 1 reported an international survey examining hemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID19 Intensive Care patients 1 . Interestingly, when analysing the data, the authors found that the majority of COVID-19 ICU patients required vasopressor support, with certain changes in cardiac function patterns warranting echocardiographic monitoring. Compared to previous large international surveys published in 2015 4,10 , the current report shows that cardiac output monitoring and FR indexes have been largely used for the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients admitted for COVID-19. "Simple" tools like respiratory-induced variations in diameter of the inferior vena cava are very popular, but have limited accuracy in predicting FR due to numerous false positive or false negative cases, both in ventilated and non-ventilated ICU patients [12] [13] [14] [15] . Haemodynamic monitoring and management in COVID-19 intensive care patients: an International survey abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235255682030179X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.001 id: cord-289722-cc05jqb6 author: Bendtsen Cano, Oliva title: COVID-19 Modelling: the Effects of Social Distancing date: 2020-03-30 words: 2511.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289722-cc05jqb6.txt summary: Day 55 is used for initiating social distancing since the simulations here showed 337 dead and 5486 sick consistent with reported numbers on 23 March 2020 when the United Kingdom initiated lockdown. In the case of perfect social distancing the mortality rate is only 0.04% (21474 dead) and the epidemic is resolved by day 90 with the number of people sick peaking on day 70. In the case of a more relaxed social distancing with R 0 = 0.50 the mortality rate is 0.13% (79781 dead) without having the epidemic resolved by day 250 and with the number of people sick peaking on day 71. Finally, if the social distancing is relaxed to R 0 = 0.75 we observe a much later peak in the number of people sick on day 112 and also a much larger mortality rate of 0.55% (330964 dead). abstract: The purpose of this article is to reach all those who find it difficult to become well informed about the repercussions of a lockdown strategy to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and to spark discussion and thought. Here we use simple stochastic simulations to evaluate different approaches taken to tackle the crisis, along with the efficiency they will hold and the number of casualties they may incur. It is clear that the less strict the social distancing the more time it will take for life to return to normal, and the more lives will be at risk. This is shown through simulations formed by an open sourced code, which allows evaluation of the outcomes from different intervention scenarios or conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.29.20046870 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.29.20046870 id: cord-272630-2na1gndu author: Benito, Daniel A. title: Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations date: 2020-08-20 words: 2089.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272630-2na1gndu.txt summary: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented economic and public health crisis in the United States. As healthcare system strain became imminent, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 3 , the Surgeon General, and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) [4] recommended postponing elective procedures in efforts to mitigate the spread of disease and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). [12] In addition, patients who may require office-based procedures should be screened and should be strongly considered to undergo COVID-19 testing prior to arrival, if possible ( Table 2 ). In-person examinations pose obvious risks of SARS-CoV2 (novel coronavirus) transmission among patients, family and friends of patients, and clinical staff. High-Risk Aerosol Generating Procedures in COVID-19: Respiratory Protective Equipment Considerations. Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology How to train health personnel to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) infection when caring for a patient or suspected case abstract: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented economic and public health crisis in the United States. Following efforts to mitigate disease spread, with a significant decline in some regions, many states began reopening their economies. As social distancing guidelines were relaxed and businesses opened, local outbreaks of COVID-19 continue to place person on healthcare systems. Among medical specialties, otolaryngologists and their staff are among the highest at risk for becoming exposed to COVID-19. As otolaryngologists prepare to weather the storm of impending local surges in COVID-19 infections there are several practical measures that can be taken to mitigate the risk to ourselves and our staff. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102688 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102688 id: cord-354434-bi409a6o author: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 words: 2387.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. The current pandemic demonstrates the challenges that we must overcome as a global community to ensure equitable health care access, economic security, and public health protections for vulnerable communities. A well-resourced and properly-structured public health system that is accountable, properly resourced, and able to perform the 10 core competencies can meet the needs of vulnerable populations and ensure equity is achieved across the lifespan in all communities. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. In the context of the social determinants of health, focusing on health system preparedness is paramount for protecting the health of all of society. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. The response must include those who now suffer disproportionately—the poor and the vulnerable. Current World Health Organization priorities call for infrastructures capable of detecting, monitoring, and responding to health emergencies, such as COVID-19, and the health impacts of climate change in the context of health for all. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. Ensuring health equity in a pandemic requires robust and resilient public health infrastructure during normal times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32523608/ doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.70 id: cord-320509-3a40djjm author: Benke, Christoph title: Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany date: 2020-09-18 words: 4073.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320509-3a40djjm.txt summary: Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. However, studies on the effects of different forms and levels of restrictions resulting from public health measures (e.g., stay-at-home orders, being quarantined or reduction of social contacts) on mental health are scarce. For the first time, this study investigated sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors and, specifically, the role of such different types of governmentally imposed lockdown measures for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as other health outcomes across all federal states of Germany. In the present study, we found that a higher level of restrictions due to lockdown measures was associated with more loneliness, higher psychosocial distress and lower life-satisfaction but was not related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology or fearful spells. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is suggested to have a negative impact on mental health. To prevent the spread of Sars-CoV-2, governments worldwide have implemented different forms of public health measures ranging from physical distancing recommendations to stay-at-home orders, which have disrupted individuals’ everyday life tremendously. However, evidence on the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures with mental health are limited so far. In this study, we investigated the role of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors for immediate mental health consequences in a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany (N = 4335). Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. We found that higher restrictions due to lockdown measures, a greater reduction of social contacts and greater perceived changes in life were associated with higher mental health impairments. Importantly, a subjectively assumed but not an officially announced stay-at-home order was associated with poorer mental health. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate risk communication and targeted mental health recommendations especially for vulnerable groups during these challenging times. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120331231?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462 id: cord-341644-egbahelm author: Benmarhnia, Tarik title: Linkages Between Air Pollution and the Health Burden from COVID-19: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities date: 2020-07-17 words: 1975.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341644-egbahelm.txt summary: In this commentary, methodological challenges and opportunities regarding the links between air pollution and COVID-19 are discussed with a focus on: i) the role of differential exposure to air pollution across populations and explain spatio-temporal variability of the epidemic spread and resultant mortality; ii) the indirect impacts of interventions treated as natural experiments to control COVID-19 person-to-person spread on air pollution and population health. I first discuss the potential mechanisms between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 and the opportunity to clearly formulate causal questions of interest through the target trial framework. Such environmental justice issues are critical and may contribute to explain the reported differential impacts of COVID-19 on race/ethnic communities in the US Occupational health (59, 60) can also provide critical actionable evidence by identifying highrisk workers given that some workplace conditions (e.g. health care providers and caregivers; water and wastewater sector; construction workers…) may increase severity of health outcomes or interact with other risks such as extreme heat (61) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed and exacerbated existing social and economic health disparities and actionable epidemiological evidence is needed to identify potential vulnerability factors to help inform targeted responses. In this commentary, methodological challenges and opportunities regarding the links between air pollution and COVID-19 are discussed with a focus on: i) the role of differential exposure to air pollution across populations and explain spatio-temporal variability of the epidemic spread and resultant mortality; ii) the indirect impacts of interventions treated as natural experiments to control COVID-19 person-to-person spread on air pollution and population health. I first discuss the potential mechanisms between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 and the opportunity to clearly formulate causal questions of interest through the target trial framework. Then, I discuss challenges regarding the use of quasi-experimental designs that capitalize on the differential timing of COVID-19 policies including the selection of control groups and potential violations of the common shock assumption. Finally, I discuss environmental justice implications of this many-headed beast of a crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa148 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa148 id: cord-303747-o09canse author: Bennett, Courtney E. title: ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties date: 2020-04-11 words: 2583.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303747-o09canse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303747-o09canse.txt summary: This approach, however, must be balanced against the need for a rapid and precise diagnosis in COVID-19 patients with STE due to an acute myocardial infarction in order for timely and appropriate reperfusion therapy including coronary revascularization to be implemented when appropriate. April 7, 2020 ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and COVID-19 into account severity of illness coupled with risk stratification utilizing cardiac imaging in select cases to assess the potential benefit from coronary revascularization rather than a blanket policy of proceeding with diagnostic catheterization, often triggered by prehospital ECG testing, for all STE patients with suspected or known COVID-19. Our current approach in patients with a high suspicion for acute coronary occlusion who are candidates for coronary angiography with an expected benefit from coronary artery revascularization is to continue with the standard pre-hospital or emergency department (ED)-triggered STEMI activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) for anticipated primary percutaneous coronary intervention. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.005 id: cord-253572-9qixiew8 author: Bennett, David title: Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner for the evaluation of lung involvement in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 words: 2273.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253572-9qixiew8.txt summary: Our study confirms the possibilities of portable pocket-sized ultrasound imaging of the lung in COVID-19 patients. Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners are cheap, easy to handle and equivalent to standard scanners for non-invasive assessment of severity and dynamic observation of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities of a portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner in the evaluation of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities of a portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner in the evaluation of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In conclusion, our study confirms the possibilities of portable ultrasound imaging of the lung in COVID-19 patients. Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners are cheap, easy to handle and equivalent to standard scanners for non-invasive assessment of severity and dynamic observation of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. abstract: Ultrasound imaging of the lung (LUS) and associated tissues has demonstrated clinical utility in COVID-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibilities of a portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner in the evaluation of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted 437 paired readings in 34 LUS evaluations on hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The lung ultrasound scans were performed on the same day with a standard high-end ultrasound scanner (Venue GO™, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) and a pocket-sized ultrasound scanner (Butterfly iQ, Butterfly Network Inc., Guilford, CT, USA). 14/34 scans were performed on severe, 11 on moderate and 9 on mild patients. No difference in days since onset of symptoms was observed between groups (23.29 ± 10.07, 22.91 ± 8.91, 28.56 ± 11.13 days, respectively, p=0.38). No significant differences were found between LUS scores obtained with the high-end and the portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanner. LUS scores in patients with mild respiratory impairment were significantly lower than in moderate and severe patients. Our study confirms the possibilities of portable pocket-sized ultrasound imaging of the lung in COVID-19 patients. Portable pocket-sized ultrasound scanners are cheap, easy to handle and equivalent to standard scanners for non-invasive assessment of severity and dynamic observation of lung lesions in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.09.014 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.09.014 id: cord-270896-uw59kk4y author: Benson, Nicole M title: COVID-19 testing and patients in mental health facilities date: 2020-05-11 words: 993.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270896-uw59kk4y.txt summary: 1 People with psychiatric conditions or substance use disorders, particularly those in residential treatment or inpatient facilities, are at increased risk of exposure to COVID-19, not only because of the difficulty in evaluating their medical symptoms and history, but also because of frequent patient turnover, limited space and staff, and general resource constraints in many facilities. Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-the virus responsible for the development of COVID-19-pose a substantial threat of spreading the virus because they come in contact with other susceptible individuals given the close quarters and communal living environments. 9 One potential strategy for improving detection could involve testing all patients for COVID-19 at two or more time points before entry to the inpatient unit to mitigate the risk of false negative results for those with uncertain time of disease onset. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407671/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30198-x id: cord-311545-3rll9mca author: Bentley, Gillian R title: Don''t blame the BAME: Ethnic and structural inequalities in susceptibilities to COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 2806.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311545-3rll9mca.txt summary: However, more recently, insidious and potentially racist allusions are beginning to emerge appearing to blame African Americans as somehow responsible for the relatively large number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the USA, stoking age-old tropes, and attributing morbidity and mortality to the behaviors and predispositions of BAME groups (Guardian, 2020b; Strings, 2020) . In reality, structural or social inequalities that affect individual vulnerabilities to SARS-CoV-2 include exposures through types of employment, whether people are working in essential transport networks carrying large numbers of people, or in small grocery shops that place BAME communities at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677326/ doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23478 id: cord-242887-gtmpd7t0 author: Bento, Ana I. title: Information Seeking Responses to News of Local COVID-19 Cases: Evidence from Internet Search Data date: 2020-04-06 words: 1786.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-242887-gtmpd7t0.txt summary: On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. To provide rapid information to guide policy making, we use Internet search data in an event-study design to examine how collective attention and information seeking behaviors respond to state government announcements of first COVID-19 cases. There was no observable trend in the search behavior in the days leading up to the announcements, suggesting the first "local" case indeed heightened the collective attention to the pandemic. The third row suggests that first case announcements did not induce search for community level policies (quarantines, school closures, and coronavirus testing), or more elaborate personal health strategies (face masks, grocery delivery, overthe-counter medications). Our results suggest that first state COVID-19 case announcements do lead to a widespread increase in the extent to which people seek out Internet information about the epidemic. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is a global pandemic with community circulation in many countries, including the U.S. where every state is reporting confirmed cases. The course of this pandemic will be largely shaped by how governments enact timely policies, disseminate the information, and most importantly, how the public reacts to them. Here, we examine informationseeking responses to the first COVID-19 case public announcement in a state. By using an eventstudy framework, we show that such news increases collective attention to the crisis right away, but the elevated level of attention is short-lived, even though the initial announcements were followed by increasingly strong measures. We find that people respond to the first report of COVID-19 in their state by immediately seeking information about COVID-19, as measured by searches for coronavirus, coronavirus symptoms and hand sanitizer. On the other hand, searches for information regarding community level policies (e.g., quarantine, school closures, testing), or personal health strategies (e.g., masks, grocery delivery, over-the-counter medications) do not appear to be immediately triggered by first reports. These results are encouraging given our study period is relatively early in the epidemic and more elaborate policy responses were not yet part of the public discourse. Further analysis will track evolving patterns of responses to subsequent flows of public information. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.04591v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-316728-vyfkmniu author: Benyounes, Nadia title: Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change date: 2020-09-16 words: 3446.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316728-vyfkmniu.txt summary: title: Echocardiography in Confirmed and Highly Suspected Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients and Its Impact on Treatment Change Patients'' characteristics (clinical, biological, and imaging) and treatment change induced by echocardiography were collected and analyzed. On echocardiography, higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and documented cardiac thrombi were associated with treatment changes in these patients. e objective of this study was to collect clinical, biological, and echocardiographic data of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to various departments of our institution and who underwent echocardiography, to find out the reasons of TTE/TEE examinations in these patients and to assess the impact of TTE/TEE on their management. TTE and TEE were performed on confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution, by dedicated teams of one cardiologist and one nurse every time. e very first echocardiographies prospectively performed in our hospital on confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patients are reported in this article. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 interacts at multiple levels with the cardiovascular system. The prognosis of COVID-19 infection is known to be worse for patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the virus is responsible for many cardiovascular complications. Myocardial injury may affect up to 20% of the critically ill patients. However, echocardiography's impact on the management of patients affected by COVID-19 remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To explore echocardiography's impact on the management of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This study was conducted from March 24(th) to April 14(th), 2020, in a single center at Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France. All consecutive inpatients with laboratory and/or CT COVID-19 diagnosis were included in this study. Patients' characteristics (clinical, biological, and imaging) and treatment change induced by echocardiography were collected and analyzed. Patients with and without treatment change induced by echocardiography were compared. RESULTS: A total of 56 echocardiographies in 42 patients with highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were included in the final analyses. The median age was 66 (IQR 60.5–74). Echocardiography induced a treatment change in 9 cases (16%). The analyzed clinical data were not associated with any treatment change induced by echocardiography. D-dimer and Troponin levels were the only biological predictors of the induced treatment change. On echocardiography, higher systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and documented cardiac thrombi were associated with treatment changes in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography may be useful for the management of selected COVID-19 patients, especially those with elevated D-Dimer and Troponin levels, in up to 16% of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4348598 doi: 10.1155/2020/4348598 id: cord-292474-dmgd99d6 author: Berardi, Giammauro title: Continuing our work: transplant surgery and surgical oncology in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center date: 2020-06-04 words: 4605.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292474-dmgd99d6.txt summary: As the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, we have hospitalized the first Italian COVID-19 patients and since then, our general surgery department had to face this reality [16] . Pancreatic resections, total gastrectomies, major hepatectomies, and multivisceral resections as well as liver and kidney transplantations were considered as the high-risk surgical procedures because of the increased likelihood of postoperative ICU admission. On January 31, 2020 (Day 0), the first two COVID-19-positive patients in Italy were admitted to the department of infectious diseases of our hospital with mild fever and atypical pneumonia requiring no invasive treatment. Considering only the transplantations and the operations performed for cancer, patients in the second period had fewer comorbidities, lower ASA score, CCI, and RCRI, being overall at lower risk of postoperative ICU admission (Table 3) . As an institutional policy, our transplant center remained opened and we decided to continue with our standard surgical oncology activity, improving selection of patients to limit the need for postoperative intensive care management. abstract: COVID-19 is rapidly spreading worldwide. Healthcare systems are struggling to properly allocate resources while ensuring cure for diseases outside of the infection. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how surgical activity was affected by the virus outbreak and show the changes in practice in a tertiary referral COVID-19 center. The official bulletins of the Italian National Institute for the Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” were reviewed to retrieve the number of daily COVID-19 patients. Records of consecutive oncological and transplant procedures performed during the outbreak were reviewed. Patients with a high probability of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission were considered as high risk and defined by an ASA score ≥ III and/or a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 6 and/or a Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Preoperative Risk (RCRI) ≥ 3. 72 patients were operated, including 12 (16.6%) liver and kidney transplantations. Patients had few comorbidities (26.3%), low ASA score (1.9 ± 0.5), CCI (3.7 ± 1.3), and RCRI (1.2 ± 0.6) and had overall a low risk of postoperative ICU admission. Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high-risk surgical procedures were performed, including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections, and transplantations. Despite this, only 15 patients (20.8%) were admitted to the ICU. Only oncologic cases and transplantations were performed during the COVID-19 outbreak. Careful selection of patients allowed to perform major cancer surgeries and transplantations without further stressing hospital resources, meanwhile minimizing collateral damage to patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00825-3 id: cord-347263-ci6mv72z author: Berekashvili, k. title: Etiologic Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke in SARS-COV-2 Virus patients date: 2020-05-08 words: 2971.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347263-ci6mv72z.txt summary: Methods: Over the last 6 weeks, data from four centers in New York City were collected to review the possible ischemic stroke types seen in COVID-19 positive patients. We also wanted to better describe the different ischemic stroke subtypes seen in patients with SARS-COV2 infection especially with the view to assess its unique features seen in the context of COVID-19. Two patients who presented with LVO had no prior complaints of viral illness but went on to develop a severe course of the disease. Only three patients had a severe course of the pulmonary disease prior to the neurological event requiring them to be hospitalized. The LVO cases were typically younger, had a worse neurological presentation, more severe form of viral disease and higher levels of hypercoagulability markers than the non-LVO patients. Ischemic stroke can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19 and may not always be associated with severe disease markers including in the young, minorities and healthcare workers. abstract: Objective: To describe the ischemic stroke etiopathogenesis related to COVID-19 in a cohort of NYC hospitals. Background: Extra-pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 has been reported in the hepatic, renal and hematological systems. Most neurological manifestations are non-focal but few have reported the characteristics of ischemic strokes or investigated its pathophysiology. Methods: Over the last 6 weeks, data from four centers in New York City were collected to review the possible ischemic stroke types seen in COVID-19 positive patients. Their presentation, demographics, other related vascular risk factors, associated laboratory and coagulation markers, as well as imaging and outcomes were collected. Results: In our study, age range of patients was 25-75 with no significant male preponderance. 70% presented for acute hospitalization due the stroke. About a fifth did not have common risk factors for ischemic stroke like diabetes and hypertension. None had history of atrial fibrillation or smoking. 50% had poor outcome with four ending in mortality and one in a critical condition due ARDS. All had high Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio except one who demonstrated some neurological recovery. In 70% of our cases, D-dimer levels were collected, and all showed mild to severe elevation. None of the emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO) cases had known cardiac risk factors but two out of five were found to have cardiac abnormalities during the course of their hospitalization. All LVOs had hypercoagulable lab markers especially elevated D-dimer and/or Fibrinogen. The LVO patients were younger and sicker with a median age of 46 and mean NIHSS of 24 as opposed to non-LVOs with a median age of 62 and mean NIHSS of 6 respectively. Conclusion: COVID-19 related ischemic events can be small vessel, branch emboli or large vessel occlusions. The latter is often associated with either a hypercoagulable state or cardio-embolism. Patient outcomes were worse when multi-organ or pulmonary system failure prevailed. Keywords: COVID-19, Acute Ischemic strokes, Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion, Mechanical Thrombectomy url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.03.20077206v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20077206 id: cord-330159-vm30ohrb author: Beretta, Federica title: Practical Considerations for the Management of Cushing''s Disease and COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-09-11 words: 2747.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330159-vm30ohrb.txt summary: Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. All antidiabetic medications were suspended in the early days of hospitalization owing to the good glucose control; however, in the mid of hospitalization, we observed a persistence of symptomatic hypotension with hypoglycemia, and in suspicion of adrenal insufficiency (blood pressure 90/60 mmHg), we withdrew metyrapone and i.v. hydrocortisone 50 mg was promptly prescribed (Figure 1) . CS patients might develop a severe form of COVID-19 infection, considering that the major comorbidities associated with COVID-19 mortality are hypertension, diabetes, previous heart disease, and cerebral infarction (10) . → Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. → Consider the possibility to titrate or temporary halt medical therapies for CS in the context of COVID-19 infection in order to avoid adrenal insufficiency. abstract: Introduction: Italy, since the end of February 2020, is experiencing the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that may present as an acute respiratory infection. We report on COVID-19 pneumonia in the context of a complex case of Cushing's disease (CD). Case Report: A 67-year-old man with CD, who was admitted to our hospital, presented with signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with persistent hypotension and glycemia toward the lower limits. We progressively withdrew almost all treatments for diabetes and CD (pasireotide and metyrapone), and i.v. hydrocortisone was necessary. A tendency to hyperkalemia was probably associated to enoxaparin. We summarized the many possible interactions between medications of Cushing's syndrome (CS) and COVID-19. Conclusion: Adrenal insufficiency might be a clinical challenge that needs a prompt treatment also in CS patients during COVID-19 infection. We should consider the possibility to titrate or temporary halt medical therapies of CS in the context of COVID-19 infection. Unexpected hyperkalemia in CS patients under treatment with heparin might be the signal of aldosterone suppression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071957/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00554 id: cord-338526-mn10j5i0 author: Berg, Michael B title: Prevalence and predictors of early COVID-19 behavioral intentions in the United States date: 2020-09-07 words: 4238.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338526-mn10j5i0.txt summary: The current study examined participants'' reported likelihood of engaging in eight behaviors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as critical for the prevention of COVID-19 at the outset of the epidemic. After rating their likelihood of engaging in the eight preventative behaviors described above, participants were asked to respond to a series of single-item measures that represented their self-efficacy, "How confident are you that you will be able to engage in the preventative behaviors listed in the previous question (e.g., wash hands, avoid crowded areas)?" and their perceived threat, including both their perceived susceptibility, "How likely do you think it is that you will eventually become infected with the coronavirus?" and the perceived severity of the illness "If you do become infected with the coronavirus, how damaging do you believe it will be to your health?" Each of these items was rated on a five-point Likert-type scale where lower numbers represented less of that belief (e.g., "not at all likely") and higher numbers corresponded to a stronger belief (e.g., "extremely likely"). Of the various health beliefs, self-efficacy, perceived severity, and external locus of control (powerful others) were each distinctly able to predict compliance with prevention guidelines despite the relatively high anticipated compliance with the behavior guidelines. abstract: Despite early warnings and calls for action, COVID-19 infection rates continue to climb in many areas of the United States. The current study examined participants’ reported likelihood of engaging in eight behaviors designated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as critical for the prevention of COVID-19 at the outset of the epidemic. Self-efficacy, perceived threat, and internal and external health locus of control were explored as potential predictors of those behaviors. In addition, demographic and contextual factors, such as age, gender, political identity, and whether or not participants were currently living under a quarantine advisory, were recorded for analysis. Overall, participants reported high engagement with the prevention behaviors. Higher levels of self-efficacy, perceived severity of the illness, and external locus of control in regard to medical professionals were all positively associated with plans to take the recommended precautions. Based on the results, it appears that messaging regarding COVID-19 prevention may be particularly effective when it focuses on the high risk of the illness, the ease with which the prevention behaviors can be taken, and a reassurance that the medical establishment has individuals’ best health in mind when it makes its specific recommendations. While numerous countries have succeeded in reducing the spread of COVID-19, the number of new cases in the United States remains high, even relative to other populations also heavily impacted by the disease [1]. Although it would be difficult to pinpoint a single cause or explanation for the epidemic’s course in the USA, at the heart of its spread, like the spread of all infectious diseases, is noncompliance with preventative measures. The current research served as a preliminary exploration of the prevalence and predictors of eight COVID-19 prevention behaviors. A brief survey was sent out at the end of March 2020 to 350 U.S. residents in order to assess the likelihood of their engaging in various prevention behaviors recommended at that time and several related psychosocial factors. The psychological factors assessed included health locus of control (HLOC) beliefs, self-efficacy, and perceived threat. In addition, a handful of demographic and contextual factors, such as age, gender, political identity, and whether or not they were working outside the home or were currently living under a quarantine advisory, were recorded for examination. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32893867/ doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa085 id: cord-282526-b8tky324 author: Berger Gillam, T. title: Norwich COVID-19 Testing Initiative: feasibility project evaluation date: 2020-09-23 words: 2799.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282526-b8tky324.txt summary: This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up to all staff and students. The study offered four COVID-19 PCR swabs to all staff and students on the site over a twoweek period, with the aim of piloting communications, logistics and laboratory processes, and assessing participant acceptability in preparation for larger-scale testing. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455 doi: medRxiv preprint 3 After the completion of the feasibility project, participants who had returned at least one swab were emailed a link to complete a short online participant feedback questionnaire, including questions on demographics and their experience of the project. A strength of this study is that it trialled the feasibility of repeat testing for COVID-19 in a relatively large, asymptomatic population within a research park and university campus. abstract: Background There is a high prevalence of COVID-19 in university-age students, who are returning to university campuses. There is little evidence regarding the feasibility of universal, asymptomatic testing to control outbreaks in this population. This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up to all staff and students. Methods This was a cross-sectional feasibility study on a university research park in the East of England. Staff and students (5,625) on the research park were eligible to participate. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was offered to all participants. Participants were offered 4 swabs, which they self-administered over a two-week period. Outcome measures included: uptake; drop-out rate; positivity rates; participant acceptability measures; laboratory processing measures. Results 798/1053 (76%) of those who registered provided at least one swab and of these, 687 (86%) provided all four. 681/687 (99%) had all negative results. 6 participants had one inconclusive result. There were no positive results. 458/798 (57%) participants responded to a post-testing questionnaire. 446/458 (97.5%) of those who responded agreed that they would be interested in repeat testing in the future. Conclusions Repeated self-testing is feasible and acceptable to a university population. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.22.20199455v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.22.20199455 id: cord-272452-tfj8j9ww author: Berger, Jeffrey S. title: Prevalence and Outcomes of D-Dimer Elevation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 3368.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272452-tfj8j9ww.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal D-dimer was frequently observed at admission with COVID-19 and was associated with higher incidence of critical illness, thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death. Given that widespread microthrombi have been observed in COVID-19 in multiple organ systems, 20, 21 we hypothesized that elevated D-dimer levels would be associated with increased risk of clinically diagnosed thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, critical illness, and death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We analyzed data from a large health system in New York City to examine the prevalence of D-dimer elevation at presentation and over time, and the association of the biomarker with incident thrombosis as well as acute kidney injury, critical illness, all-cause mortality, and likelihood of being discharged. D-dimer levels were independently associated with a higher risk of critical illness, thrombosis, acute kidney injury, and all-cause mortality among patients with COVID-19, independent of previously identified risk factors. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of D-dimer elevation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization, trajectory of D-dimer levels during hospitalization, and its association with clinical outcomes. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Consecutive adults admitted to a large New York City hospital system with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) between March 1, 2020 and April 8, 2020 were identified. Elevated D-dimer was defined by the laboratory-specific upper limit of normal (>230 ng/mL). Outcomes included critical illness (intensive care, mechanical ventilation, discharge to hospice, or death), thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death during admission. Among 2377 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and ≥1 D-dimer measurement, 1823 (76%) had elevated D-dimer at presentation. Patients with elevated presenting baseline D-dimer were more likely than those with normal D-dimer to have critical illness (43.9% versus 18.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.9–3.1]; P<0.001), any thrombotic event (19.4% versus 10.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.4–2.6]; P<0.001), acute kidney injury (42.4% versus 19.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.9–3.1]; P<0.001), and death (29.9% versus 10.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.6–2.9]; P<0.001). Rates of adverse events increased with the magnitude of D-dimer elevation; individuals with presenting D-dimer >2000 ng/mL had the highest risk of critical illness (66%), thrombotic event (37.8%), acute kidney injury (58.3%), and death (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal D-dimer was frequently observed at admission with COVID-19 and was associated with higher incidence of critical illness, thrombotic events, acute kidney injury, and death. The optimal management of patients with elevated D-dimer in COVID-19 requires further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.314872 doi: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314872 id: cord-348414-y6vh63xk author: Berger, W. R. title: Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis date: 2020-11-03 words: 1513.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348414-y6vh63xk.txt summary: title: Dutch cardiology residents and the COVID-19 pandemic: Every little thing counts in a crisis The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, and a large part of regular cardiology care came to a quick halt. A Dutch nationwide survey showed that 41% of cardiology residents suspended their training and worked at COVID-19 cohort units for up to 3 months. Due to the very rapid and unprecedented increase of COVID-19 patients, the regular cardiology care came to a quick halt. Residents have shown flexibility in both the continuation of regular healthcare for the (acute) cardiac patient and dedicated care for COVID-19 patients. These future cardiologists, who conquered COVID-19 in the front-lines of healthcare with tremendous effort and flexibility, are well prepared for a great future in clinical care. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, and a large part of regular cardiology care came to a quick halt. A Dutch nationwide survey showed that 41% of cardiology residents suspended their training and worked at COVID-19 cohort units for up to 3 months. With tremendous flexibility, on-call schedules were altered and additional training was provided in order for residents to be directly available where needed most. These unprecedented times have taught them important lessons on crisis management. The momentum is used to incorporate novel tools for patient care. Moreover, their experience of pandemic and crisis management has provided future cardiologists with unique skills. This crisis will not be wasted; however, several challenges have to be overcome in the near future including, but not limited to, a second pandemic wave, a difficult labour market due to an economic recession, and limitations in educational opportunities. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01519-6 doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01519-6 id: cord-262203-tcs36kp9 author: Berghella, Vincenzo title: Attack on coronavirus disease 2019 from American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM date: 2020-04-21 words: 896.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262203-tcs36kp9.txt summary: These early manuscripts highlight the importance of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) for everyone, both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients, both in outpatient and inpatient settings, and of testing asymptomatic pregnant women presenting for care. 1e3 They offer guidance on how to decrease patient-HCW interactions and still provide essential obstetrical and maternal-fetal medicine care both in outpatient 4 and inpatient settings, including labor and delivery (L&D). 9 Although this is reassuring, obstetrical providers should be cognizant of possible quick progression from asymptomatic admission to transfer to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation, 2 as well as cardiomyopathy, in pregnant women with COVID-19. 7 The possibility of needing extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) has been discussed in the care of pregnant women with COVID-19: we thank the authors of the meta-analysis of ECMO use in pregnancy, a timely subject. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32322815/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100119 id: cord-272995-yvj2pqh1 author: Bergman, Christian title: Recommendations for Welcoming Back Nursing Home Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Delphi Panel date: 2020-10-07 words: 6339.0 sentences: 340.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272995-yvj2pqh1.txt summary: Regarding visitor guidance, the panel made five strong recommendations: 1) maintain strong infection prevention and control precautions, 2) facilitate indoor and outdoor visits, 3) allow limited physical contact with appropriate precautions, 4) assess individual residents'' care preferences and level of risk tolerance, and 5) dedicate an essential caregiver and extend the definition of compassionate care visits to include care that promotes psychosocial wellbeing of residents. We edited the final guidance statements for clarity, aiming to capture the consensus of the Delphi aspects of the following topics (see Table 1 ): testing of asymptomatic staff and residents, 111 surveillance testing, visitor guidance, immunity from prior COVID-19 infection and associated 112 risk of infecting others. The panel 144 strongly agreed on some preconditions that would be essential prior to welcoming back visitors, 145 such as universal masking for staff, sufficient disinfecting supplies, PPE, and written plans 146 around isolation, cohorting, screening, testing, and outbreak investigations. abstract: Objectives Nursing homes became epicenters of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020. Due to the substantial case fatality rates within congregate settings, federal agencies recommended restrictions to family visits. Six months into the COVID-19 pandemic, these largely remain in place. The objective of this study was to generate consensus guidance statements focusing on essential family caregivers and visitors. Design A modified two-step Delphi process was used to generate consensus statements. Setting and Participants The Delphi panel consisted of 21 US and Canadian post-acute and long-term care experts in clinical medicine, administration, and patient care advocacy. Methods State and federal reopening statements were collected in June 2020 and the panel voted on these using a three-point Likert scale with consensus defined as ≥80% of panel members voting “Agree.” The consensus statements then informed development of the visitor guidance statements. Results The Delphi process yielded 77 consensus statements. Regarding visitor guidance, the panel made five strong recommendations: 1) maintain strong infection prevention and control precautions, 2) facilitate indoor and outdoor visits, 3) allow limited physical contact with appropriate precautions, 4) assess individual residents' care preferences and level of risk tolerance, and 5) dedicate an essential caregiver and extend the definition of compassionate care visits to include care that promotes psychosocial wellbeing of residents. Conclusions and Implications The COVID-19 pandemic has seen substantial regulatory changes without strong consideration of the impact on residents. In the absence of timely and rigorous research, the involvement of clinicians and patient care advocates is important to help create the balance between individual resident preferences and the health of the collective. The results of this evidence-based Delphi process will help guide policy decisions as well as inform future research. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020308367?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.036 id: cord-270232-ln7iil5y author: Bergman, Yoav S. title: COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism date: 2020-06-17 words: 2437.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt summary: Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the current study aimed at examining the role of ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explored the moderating role of ageism as strengthening this connection. Moreover, we hypothesized that the health worries-anxiety symptoms connection-would be stronger among older adults who display high levels of ageism. Our results demonstrate that both COVID-19 health-related worries and ageism resulting from the current pandemic were positively associated with anxiety symptoms among older adults. abstract: A prominent feature of anxiety in late life is concerns regarding physical health. Anxiety symptoms among older adults have been connected with various psychological outcomes, including social isolation and loneliness. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many societies have demonstrated increased ageist attitudes, encouraging older adults to distance themselves from society. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. The results demonstrated that both health worries and ageism were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the connection between health worries and anxiety symptoms was more pronounced among older adults with high ageism levels. The study highlights the vulnerability of older adults in general, and ageist older adults in particular, to the negative consequences of COVID-19-related health worries, and emphasizes the role of the increased ageist stance of society during the pandemic in this regard. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613924/ doi: 10.1017/s1041610220001258 id: cord-335312-yp73z008 author: Bergsland, Emily K. title: North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 words: 3409.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335312-yp73z008.txt summary: Clinical decisions should be individualized between patients and their doctor to consider factors such as the likelihood and consequences of cancer progression if therapy is delayed, modified, or interrupted; whether or not the tumor is functional (making hormones that cause symptoms); and the patient''s tolerance of treatment. Health care providers and patients will need to make individual determinations based on the potential harms of delaying needed cancer-related surgery, the specific situation at their hospital, and the increased risk to the patient from COVID-19 exposure. The decision to extend the interval between treatments and/or omit one or more cycles of therapy in a patient on PRRT will need to be made on a case-by-case basis (considering response and tolerability to date, COVID-19 risk factors, general clinical status, prior therapy, etc) balancing the potential consequences of cancer progression with the potential ramifications of COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mpa.0000000000001561 doi: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001561 id: cord-286923-o4fj8kx0 author: Berhan, Yifru title: What immunological and hormonal protective factors lower the risk of COVID-19 related deaths in pregnant women? date: 2020-07-18 words: 4536.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286923-o4fj8kx0.txt summary: The immunological changes predominantly inclining to anti-inflammatory state, which is augmented by placental hormones'' immune modulating action, looks against with COVID-19 inflammatory reaction leading to cytokine storm and multiple organ failure. As discussed hereunder, accumulating evidence from other infections and autoimmune diseases shows that immune modulating hormones, cytokines and other anti-inflammatory endogenous ligands are determinant factors in reducing the severity of several diseases during pregnancy; which could also be the most plausible explanation for the less severity and mortality of Covid-19 in pregnant women. Despite serious concern for patients with autoimmune disease, taking their immune suppression and medications, at least 110 individuals (79% females) with rheumatoid arthritis and got infected with SARS CoV-2 (from six continents) were not as such at higher risk of mortality, probably as they were on anti-inflammatory medication; only 6(5%) persons died of COVID-19 [89] . abstract: Despite anticipated increased risk of COVID-19 and increased expression of the SARS CoV-2 receptor (ACE2), the relatively low mortality of pregnant women with COVID-19 has been an area of wonder. The immunological changes predominantly inclining to anti-inflammatory state, which is augmented by placental hormones’ immune modulating action, looks against with COVID-19 inflammatory reaction leading to cytokine storm and multiple organ failure. Unlike many other viral infections, the bilateral immune activation of COVID-19 may preferentially make pregnant women at low risk. Taking the physiological advantage of pregnant women, potential clinical trials are proposed. Quite a large number of epidemiological and obstetrics related studies have addressed the cases of women with COVID-19. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, little is done to explore the physiological internal milieu of pregnant women in relation to COVID-19. This review provides an insight into how the hormonal and immunological changes in pregnancy potentially reduce SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammatory response. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165037820301017?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103180 id: cord-304282-om2xc4bs author: Berhan, Yifru title: Will Africa be Devastated by Covid-19 as Many Predicted? Perspective and Prospective date: 2020-05-17 words: 5345.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt summary: Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19 or SARS CoV-2 infection) has been declared as pandemic, several mathematicians and statisticians have developed different trajectory curves for Africa, with the assumption that the virus can have an exponential pattern of transmission. A very important argument is; had the Covid-19 transmission been as contagious as in Europe and USA, by this time, every health facility in Africa and other tropical countries could have been flooded with severely ill patients and deaths. The other side of the coin is; the overwhelming cases and deaths experienced in Europe and USA is despite the fact that they started to report Covid-19 confirmed cases almost same time or later than many of the countries in the tropical climate zone. An important observation was that, like the currently observed Covid-19 pandemic, the morbidity and mortality of the aforementioned influenza outbreaks were not that much spreading and killing outside the temperate zone, at least in Africa. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.17 doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.17 id: cord-277343-0el69uxr author: Berkhout, Suze G. title: Identity, politics, and the pandemic: Why is COVID-19 a disaster for feminism(s)? date: 2020-10-13 words: 1875.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277343-0el69uxr.txt summary: In this short piece, we make sense of this claim, drawing on intersectional feminism(s) to understand why an analysis that considers gender alone is inadequate to address both the risks and consequences of COVID-19. In the popular press, COVID-19 has been called "a disaster for feminism" (Lewis 2020) as heightened care obligations within the pandemic context negatively impact many women''s financial and employment security. But when we consider gender in relation to other axes of social oppression, it is also clear that in Canada and in the United States, for instance, Indigenous, Black, and Latinx women are incarcerated at disproportionate rates, even as the white female prison population has grown (Kajstura 2019) . Within the larger context of racialized health inequity, gender, economic disadvantage, age, and (dis)ability intersect in ways that lead to differential access to the supports that assist individuals in coping with the sequelae of the pandemic. abstract: COVID-19 has been called “a disaster for feminism” (Lewis in The coronavirus is a disaster for feminism, 2020) for numerous reasons. In this short piece, we make sense of this claim, drawing on intersectional feminism(s) to understand why an analysis that considers gender alone is inadequate to address both the risks and consequences of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7 doi: 10.1007/s40656-020-00346-7 id: cord-331114-lumfg138 author: Berkman, Samuel A title: Methodological Issues and Controversies in COVID-19 Coagulopathy: A Tale of Two Storms date: 2020-09-03 words: 6281.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331114-lumfg138.txt summary: Despite these limitations, several societies including ASH 16 and ISTH 17 and the Anti-coagulation Forum 18 have recommended at least prophylactic dose anticoagulation for any hospitalized COVID patient without excessive bleeding risk or other contraindications. Conflicting guidelines have been released regarding escalation to full-dose heparinization with either unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in patients who are deteriorating on either low-or intermediate-dose prophylaxis, particularly those on ventilators, without documented diagnoses of pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (Table one) This strategy is reinforced by the low incidence of bleeding observed in COVID patients compared with other causes of DIC such as obstetrical ones. Unless a physician can say that they would not prescribe anti-coagulation for an asymptomatic proximal venous thrombosis in a COVID patient, it would seem inappropriate to issue a strong negative guideline on post-hospital discharge prophylaxis in these patients given their unique hypercoagulable predispositions. abstract: Venous thromboembolism, occlusion of dialysis catheters, circuit thrombosis in ECMO devices, all in the face of prophylactic and sometimes even therapeutic anti-coagulation, are frequent features of COVID-19 coagulopathy. The trials available to guide clinicians are methodologically limited. There are several unresolved controversies including 1) Should all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receive prophylactic anti-coagulation? 2) Which patients should have their dosage escalated to intermediate dose? 3) Which patients should be considered for full-dose anti-coagulation even without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anti-coagulation be monitored? 4) Should patients receive post-discharge anti-coagulation? 5) What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? 6) Is anti-phospholipid anti-body part of this syndrome? 7) How do the different treatments for this disease impact the coagulation issues? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620945398 doi: 10.1177/1076029620945398 id: cord-287721-qsx1eov0 author: Berman, Adam E title: Elective cardiovascular care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: managing tragic choices date: 2020-09-28 words: 2090.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287721-qsx1eov0.txt summary: We propose a clinical heuristic to guide individual physicians and governing bodies in their decision making regarding which cardiac procedures should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the behavioural economics concept of heuristics and ecological rationality. On 18 March 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the federal agency that sets US healthcare policy and reimbursement regulations, announced that all elective surgeries and medical and dental procedures would be postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic largely due to the need to restrict the non-urgent use of personal protective equipment. In our experiences, clinical heuristics developed for elective CV procedures within what can be regarded as an environment of ecological rationality may afford CV clinicians with additional tools helped us manage the tragic choices presented by COVID-19 while minimising what could be tragic outcomes to our patients, staff and population. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality globally. As health systems grapple with caring for patients affected with COVID-19, cardiovascular procedures that are deemed ‘elective’ have been postponed. Guidelines concerning which cardiac procedures should be performed during the pandemic vary by specialty and geography in the USA. We propose a clinical heuristic to guide individual physicians and governing bodies in their decision making regarding which cardiac procedures should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the behavioural economics concept of heuristics and ecological rationality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32988831/ doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001069 id: cord-147282-6a1dfzs8 author: Bermudi, Patricia Marques Moralejo title: Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions date: 2020-08-05 words: 5982.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-147282-6a1dfzs8.txt summary: title: Spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: shifting the high risk from the best to the worst socio-economic conditions Thus, this study aims to unveil the spatiotemporal dynamic of COVID-19 mortality at a fine granular level in the city of São Paulo considering the socio-economic context of the population. In the sequence, we obtained the mortality rates for confirmed, suspected, and total COVID-19 deaths by sex and age for the entire period from EW 11th to 24th using Tabnet and e-SIC databases. Table 1 shows the numbers and mortality rates of confirmed, suspected, and total COVID-19 deaths obtained from e-SIC and Tabnet databases from EW 11 th to 24 th by sex and age. The spatial distribution of suspected and confirmed deaths by COVID-19 in the city of Sao Paulo shows inequalities, with spatial dependence and positive correlation associated with socio-economic factors of the areas, remarkably similar to the results of Maciel et al. abstract: Currently, Brazil has one of the fastest increasing COVID-19 epidemics in the world, that has caused at least 94 thousand confirmed deaths until now. The city of Sao Paulo is particularly vulnerable because it is the most populous in the country. Analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is important to help the urgent need to integrate better actions to face the pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the COVID-19 mortality, from March to July 2020, considering the spatio-time architectures, the socio-economic context of the population, and using a fine granular level, in the most populous city in Brazil. For this, we conducted an ecological study, using secondary public data from the mortality information system. We describe mortality rates for each epidemiological week and the entire period by sex and age. We modelled the deaths using spatiotemporal and spatial architectures and Poisson probability distributions in a latent Gaussian Bayesian model approach. We obtained the relative risks for temporal and spatiotemporal trends and socio-economic conditions. To reduce possible sub notification, we considered the confirmed and suspected deaths. Our findings showed an apparent stabilization of the temporal trend, at the end of the period, but that may change in the future. Mortality rate increased with increasing age and was higher in men. The risk of death was greater in areas with the worst social conditions throughout the study period. However, this was not a uniform pattern over time, since we identified a shift from the high risk in the areas with best socio-economic conditions to the worst ones. Our study contributed by emphasizing the importance of geographic screening in areas with a higher risk of death, and, currently, worse socio-economic contexts, as a crucial aspect to reducing disease mortality and health inequities, through integrated public health actions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.02322v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-024620-44bm91u1 author: Bernal-Sprekelsen, Manuel title: Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica, y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC) y la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR) sobre la traqueotomía en pacientes con COVID-19(♦)() date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211599/ doi: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.04.002 id: cord-268747-619eztla author: Bernar, Benoît title: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a 7‐year‐old girl with pancytopenia during acute lymphocytic leukemia maintenance therapy date: 2020-08-11 words: 615.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268747-619eztla.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268747-619eztla.txt summary: Emerging in China in December 2019 1 and classified by the World Health Organization as causing pandemic disease in March 2020, 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major challenge in most nations. 7, 8 Systemic immunosuppression renders adult patients with cancer more susceptible to infection, 9 In mid-March, leukopenia, 1.5 G/L, and thrombocytopenia, 50 000 G/L, prompted a reduction in maintenance therapy. Our experience with this patient-so far as we know, the first child with COVID-19 during pancytopenia induced by maintenance therapy for ALL-suggests reassuringly that the course of COVID-19 in pediatric patients can be mild even if assessed risk for complications is high, as with immunosuppression and pancytopenia. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28391 doi: 10.1002/pbc.28391 id: cord-010658-67k8pthy author: Bernard, Andie title: PC-FACS May 2020 for July 2020 Issue date: 2020-05-07 words: 1923.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010658-67k8pthy.txt summary: To expertly guide patients through this often devastating illness, palliative care professionals will need to keep abreast of the COVID-19 literature as the pandemic evolves and the longer-term outcomes come into sharper focus. Bottom Line: Early reports of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and ARDS provide insights into risk factors, short-term prognosis, and mortality that are important for palliative care professionals to be aware of when counselling patients and families. This article discussed a component of an appropriate response to the COVID-19 pandemic: ensuring that clinicians have discussions about advance care planning (especially with older patients with chronic illness) and goals of care with patients/families. This pandemic heightens the importance of implementing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for appropriate patients: although unwanted/nonbeneficial CPR always risks increasing psychological distress for patients'' families, inappropriate CPR now is especially stressful and potentially dangerous for healthcare workers. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7204659/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.001 id: cord-309024-pu830bn9 author: Bernardo, Luca title: Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature date: 2020-09-14 words: 2959.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309024-pu830bn9.txt summary: title: Severe prolonged neutropenia following administration of tocilizumab in a patient affected by COVID-19: a case report and brief review of the literature In this article, we present the case of a Black patient with acute pneumonia who benefited greatly from tocilizumab, but developed severe prolonged neutropenia. Considering the increasing use of tocilizumab among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this case warrants further research regarding the possible adverse hematological effects that need to be monitored in order to prevent secondary infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , an emergent pandemic infection caused by the novel β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily targets the lungs but also affects the heart and kidneys [1] . In this article, we report the case of a patient with respiratory failure related to COVID-19 who had a rapid favorable outcome after two doses of tocilizumab, but developed severe prolonged neutropenia. abstract: Tocilizumab is one of the newest therapeutic options for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) β-coronavirus. Several trials are currently ongoing to assess the efficacy and safety profile of tocilizumab in treating ARDS. In this article, we present the case of a Black patient with acute pneumonia who benefited greatly from tocilizumab, but developed severe prolonged neutropenia. Considering the increasing use of tocilizumab among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this case warrants further research regarding the possible adverse hematological effects that need to be monitored in order to prevent secondary infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-020-00777-z doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00777-z id: cord-345786-1o9nx7z9 author: Bernstein, Charles N title: Worldwide Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Survey date: 2020-08-14 words: 3737.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345786-1o9nx7z9.txt summary: METHODS: Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions. [1] [2] [3] The management of IBD may differ by geography with economically more advanced countries having greater access to health care resources such as endoscopy and expensive therapies like biologics. 8 Recommendations include continuing all immunomodulatory medications in patients with IBD, reducing steroid doses as much as possible, limiting elective endoscopies, and encouraging telemedicine in place of in-person clinic visits. Respondents from 8 countries, both low and high resource regions, reported that they routinely tested persons with IBD with new gastrointestinal symptoms. However, even with reports from 1 or 2 clinicians from each country, it allows insight into the uniformity or key differences in the practice of IBD around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 either because of their underlying disease or its management. Guidance has been presented on the management of persons with IBD in the time of this pandemic by different groups. We aimed to determine how gastroenterologists around the world were approaching the management of IBD. METHODS: Members of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) IBD Task Force contacted colleagues in countries largely beyond North America and Europe, inviting them to review the WGO website for IBD and COVID-19 introduction, with links to guideline documents, and then to respond to 9 ancillary open-ended management questions. RESULTS: Fifty-two gastroenterologists from 33 countries across 6 continents completed the survey (April 14 to May 16, 2020). They were all adhering for the most part to published guidelines on IBD management in the COVID-19 era. Some differences and reductions in services related to access, and some related to approach within their communities in terms of limiting virus spread. In particular, most gastroenterologists reduced in-person clinics (43 of 52), limited steroid use (47 of 51), limited elective endoscopy (45 of 52), and limited elective surgeries (48 of 51). If a patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, immunomodulatory therapy was mostly held. CONCLUSIONS: In most countries, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the approach to persons with IBD. The few exceptions were mostly based on low burden of COVID-19 in individual communities. Regardless of resources or health care systems, gastroenterologists around the world took a similar approach to the management of IBD. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa202 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa202 id: cord-303183-oya0pdhw author: Bersanelli, Melissa title: COVID-19 and the newly rediscovered multidisciplinarity date: 2020-09-22 words: 732.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303183-oya0pdhw.txt summary: The reports published in the present issue, aside from contributing to a valuable brainstorming on the underlying biological mechanisms to exploit for COVID-19 recovery, represent the testimony of the complicated rationale behind the current therapeutic approaches to the disease. If the use of tocilizumab still emerges as one of the most promising solutions, supported by scarce prospective evidence but pushed by the unmet need of an effective treatment [1, 6] , the attempt to outflank the immune system suppression has led to the proposal of an immuneprotection, exploiting physiological checkpoints to restore the immunocompetence [3] . The first tool to be exploited for prevention is knowledge: an accurate epidemiological framework of the disease in frail populations is unfortunately still missing, given the lack of the true denominator on which COVID-cases were reported. Clinical impact of COVID-19 in a single-center cohort from a prospective study on cancer patients receiving immunotherapy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957828/ doi: 10.2217/imt-2020-0205 id: cord-312518-510gmyb4 author: Bersanelli, Melissa title: Controversies about COVID-19 and anticancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors date: 2020-03-26 words: 2460.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312518-510gmyb4.txt summary: Moreover, along with the improvement in symptoms related to systemic inflammatory response syndrome, some authors reported a clinical improvement in other irAEs with tocilizumab used in cancer patients with immune-related toxicity from anti-PD-1 agents [21, 22] . The time at which the COVID-19 patient develops the pathologic hyperactivation of the immune response, eventually contributing to the final injury, is probably in the late phase of the disease manifestation, occurring together with the respiratory distress [17] . Since ICI can restore the immune-competence, if on one hand it can be paradoxically needed to develop the cytokine storm characterizing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phase, on the other hand the epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection lay for a lower probability to affect these patients compared with their chemo-treated immune-suppressed counterpart. A systematic review on the emerging association between the occurrence of immune-related adverse events and clinical outcomes with checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancer patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212881/ doi: 10.2217/imt-2020-0067 id: cord-283461-xcyvisqu author: Berthelot, Jean-Marie title: Kawasaki-like diseases and thrombotic coagulopathy in COVID-19: delayed over-activation of the STING pathway? date: 2020-07-05 words: 5367.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283461-xcyvisqu.txt summary: The precise mechanisms of this delayed activation of STING by RNA virus need to be further studied [10, 11] , but at least two explanations have been given: first, fusion between viral envelopes and target cells specifically stimulates a type I interferon response which is dependent on STING, but independent of DNA, RNA and viral capsid [12] ; this mechanism appears improbable in COVID-19, at least during the first steps of infections, since, on the opposite, SARS-CoV viruses PLpro proteases inhibit association with the signalling complexes assembled around STING, and block downstream signalling via IRF-3 [13] ; 2-SARS-CoV induce a delayed raise of cytosolic DNA due to intracellular damages [11, 14] , which would better explain the delayed onset of the cytokine storm of COVID-19, by a rebound effect of innate immunity (especially if the initial inhibition of STING by PLpro does not last more than several days). abstract: We previously made the hypothesis that STING contributes to COVID-19. The present review detail new arguments for over-activation of STING pathways in COVID-19, following the description of hyper-coagulability and Kawasaki-like diseases in children. Indeed, Kawasaki disease is induced by overreaction of innate cells following exposition to various viruses, including herpes viruses which trigger STING. It predisposes to diffuse vasculitis and aneurysms, whereas STING is over-expressed in arterial aneurisms. The redness at the inoculation site of bacillus Calmette-Guérin, a specific feature of Kawasaki disease, is reproduced by activation of the STING pathway, which is inhibited upstream by aspirin, intravenous immunoglobulins, and Vitamin-D. SARS-CoV2 binding to ACE2 can lead to excessive angiotensin II signaling, which activates the STING pathway in mice. Over-activation of the STING-pathway promotes hyper-coagulability through release of interferon-β and tissue factor by monocytes-macrophages. Aspirin and dipyridamole, besides their anti-platelet activity, also reduce tissue factor procoagulant activity, and aspirin inhibits the STING pathway upstream of STING. Aspirin and dipyridamole may be used, in combination with drugs blocking downstream the activation of the STING pathway, like inhibitors of IL-6R and JAK/STAT pathways. The risk of bleeding should be low as bleeding has not been reported in severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1785336 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785336 id: cord-262863-f07v5uk8 author: Bertocchi, Ilaria title: The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity‐related COVID‐19 exacerbations: lessons for drug repurposing date: 2020-08-09 words: 5438.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262863-f07v5uk8.txt summary: We and others have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation is involved not only in the pathogenesis of diabesity, but also in the exacerbation of related cardiovascular injuries, including myocardial infarction, and this process is associated to an increase in the local inflammatory response. Similarly, the diabesityrelated basal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade, leading to increase in either gastrointestinal or vascular permeability, may contribute to exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 systemic diffusion and enhance the intricate mechanisms of intracellular cross talk operational in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Up to nowadays six clinical trials (NCT04347980, NCT04325061, NCT04395105, NCT04344730, NCT04360876, NCT04327401), reported on clinicaltrials.gov are recruiting patients to test the efficacy of the corticosteroid dexamethasone, whose beneficial effects in airway inflammation has been recently demonstrated to involve lung inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 (Guan, Ma, Fan, Chen, Miao & Wu, 2020) . abstract: COVID‐19, the illness caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has a wide‐ranging clinical spectrum that, in the worst‐case scenario, involves a rapid progression to severe acute respiratory syndrome and even death. Epidemiological data show that obesity and diabetes are among the main risk factors associated with high morbidity and mortality. The increased susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection documented in obesity‐related metabolic derangements argues for initial defects in defense mechanisms, most likely due to an elevated systemic metabolic inflammation (“metaflammation”). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a master regulator of metaflammation and has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of either obesity and diabetes. Here, we discuss the most recent findings suggesting contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome to the increase in complications in COVID‐19 patients with diabesity. We also review current pharmacological strategies for COVID‐19, focusing on treatments whose efficacy could be due, at least in part, to interference with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776354/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15229 id: cord-291555-zapdk7gs author: Bertomeu-González, Vicente title: Estimulación cardiaca tras pandemia de la COVID-19. Propuesta de desescalada de la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología date: 2020-05-30 words: 2775.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291555-zapdk7gs.txt summary: En el caso de los pacientes con resultado negativo para COVID-19 o pacientes sin test realizado en las 48 horas previas se recomienda el uso de equipos de protección de contacto y de transmisión de gotas por parte de cualquier profesional que vaya a entrar en contacto con el paciente, así como realizar una desinfección adecuada del quirófano y de todos los elementos que hayan entrado en contacto con el paciente tras cada uno de los procedimientos. Tras cada procedimiento realizar desinfección adecuada del quirófano y de todos los elementos que hayan entrado en contacto con el paciente * En el caso resultado positivo del test de detección para la enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) e indicación de intervención relacionada con la estimulación cardiaca urgente se deben adoptar todas las medidas de protección antes, durante y después del procedimiento. abstract: RESUMEN La pandemia de la enfermedad causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha afectado seriamente la atención a todas las patologías urgentes, y también el seguimiento de pacientes en tratamiento por enfermedades crónicas. Una vez superado el pico de la pandemia debemos reiniciar la atención a nuestros pacientes, en ocasiones con cambios sustanciales respecto del tipo de asistencia que prestábamos con anterioridad. Desde la Sección de Estimulación Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología proponemos un esquema de trabajo para garantizar una atención eficaz, y también segura para pacientes y profesionales. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas deberán realizarse tras realización de un test o la cumplimentación de un listado de verificación para determinar el riesgo del paciente de estar infectado por SARS-CoV-2. En cuanto al seguimiento posterior apostamos firmemente por una organización centrada en un programa organizado de monitorización remota. ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seriously affected care for all urgent diseases, as well as the follow-up of patients with chronic diseases. Once the peak of the pandemic has been overcome, we must restart care for our patients, sometimes with substantial changes in the type of care we previously provided. From the Section on Cardiac Pacing of the Spanish Society of Cardiology we propose a working scheme to ensure effective and also safe care for both patients and professionals. Surgical interventions should be performed, if possible, after a test or the completion of a checklist to determine the patient's risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. As for follow-up, we are strongly committed to an organization focused on an organized remote monitoring program. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2605153220300753?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rccl.2020.05.008 id: cord-280280-9jr7ekbu author: Bertoncelli, Deborah title: COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients date: 2020-05-11 words: 3393.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280280-9jr7ekbu.txt summary: Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome for which the etiologic agent is the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first described in December 2019 in China in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia. The main presenting clinical feature of the disease is pneumonia, ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but cardiovascular involvement is emerging as one of the most significant and life-threatening complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1, 2) . abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) has rapidly spread worldwide with increasing hospitalization and mortality rate. Ongoing studies and accumulated data are detailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. The disease has a range of clinical presentations in children, for which the potential need for further investigation of myocardial injury and cardiovascular issues should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosing severe clinical entities. Overlapping with Kawasaki disease is a concern, particularly the incomplete and atypical form. We aim to summarize the initial considerations and potential cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 for children and patients with congenital heart disease. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9655 id: cord-298967-vjyh1xvh author: Bertossi, Dario title: Safety guidelines for non‐surgical facial procedures during covid‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-07 words: 2005.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298967-vjyh1xvh.txt summary: METHODS: A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n=12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the non‐surgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. While many medical Accepted Article practices are being run with online consultations 10 , some countries have recently decided to allow the opening of practices requiring one-on-one contact like dental, physiotherapy, for emergencies provided they strictly follow the guidelines detailing the infection control measures [12] [13] . In our largely elective field, both staff and resources should ideally be allocated through careful protocols in order to prevent COVID-19 infection. In response to this pandemic, our focus group has developed a process to stratify procedures and clinical levels with protocols that aim to minimize the risk of contagion and the diffusion of COVID-19 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic is expected to last for an extended time, making strict safety precautions for office procedures unavoidable. The lockdown is going to be lifted in many areas, and strict guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are going to be of particular importance. METHODS: A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n=12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the non‐surgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The data analysis was undertaken by thematic and iterative approach. RESULTS: Consensus guidelines for non‐surgical facial aesthetic procedures based on current knowledge are provided for three levels: precautions before visiting the clinic, precautions during the clinic visit, and precautions after the clinic visit. CONCLUSIONS: Sound infection control measures are mandatory for non‐surgical aesthetic practices all around the world. These may vary from country to country, but this logical approach can be customized according to the respective country laws and guidelines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506541/ doi: 10.1111/jocd.13530 id: cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author: Bertsimas, D. title: From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 3596.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt summary: Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. Each column reports 128 cohort-level statistics on demographics (e.g., average age, gen-129 der breakdown), comorbidities (e.g., prevalence of diabetes, 130 hypertension), symptoms (e.g., prevalence of fever, cough), 131 treatments (e.g., prevalence of antibiotics, intubation), lab 132 values (e.g., average lymphocyte count), and clinical outcomes 133 (e.g., average hospital length of stay, mortality rate). The models with lab values provide 309 algorithmic screening tools that can deliver COVID-19 risk 310 predictions using common clinical features. These findings 333 are also in agreement with clinical reports: an elevated CRP 334 generally indicates an early sign of infection and implies lung 335 lesions from COVID-19 (27), elevated levels of leukocytes 336 suggest cytokine release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 337 virus (28), and lowered levels of serum calcium signal higher 338 rate of organ injury and septic shock (29) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges worldwide. Strained healthcare providers make difficult decisions on patient triage, treatment and care management on a daily basis. Policy makers have imposed social distancing measures to slow the disease, at a steep economic price. We design analytical tools to support these decisions and combat the pandemic. Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. By leveraging cohort-level clinical data, patient-level hospital data, and census-level epidemiological data, we develop an integrated four-step approach, combining descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics. First, we aggregate hundreds of clinical studies into the most comprehensive database on COVID-19 to paint a new macroscopic picture of the disease. Second, we build personalized calculators to predict the risk of infection and mortality as a function of demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, and lab values. Third, we develop a novel epidemiological model to project the pandemic's spread and inform social distancing policies. Fourth, we propose an optimization model to reallocate ventilators and alleviate shortages. Our results have been used at the clinical level by several hospitals to triage patients, guide care management, plan ICU capacity, and re-distribute ventilators. At the policy level, they are currently supporting safe back-to-work policies at a major institution and equitable vaccine distribution planning at a major pharmaceutical company, and have been integrated into the US Center for Disease Control's pandemic forecast. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20141127 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20141127 id: cord-313294-ffgo56gl author: Bertsimas, D. title: Personalized Prescription of ACEI/ARBs for Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-04 words: 7314.0 sentences: 393.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313294-ffgo56gl.txt summary: We couple electronic medical record (EMR) and registry data of 3,643 patients from Spain, Italy, Germany, Ecuador, and the US with a machine learning framework to personalize the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Since machine learning estimates a binary or continuous outcome of interest from large, high-dimensional datasets, a common approach involves training separate prediction models for the treatment and the control group, and recommending the alternative with the best outcome [18, 41] . In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach for personalized prescription of ACEI/ARBs for hospitalized hypertensive patients with COVID-19. One ensemble of various machine learning models is trained to predict mortality/morbidity risk with ACEI/ARBs, and another ensemble is trained to predict the risk when patients are not given ACEI/ARBs. We then employ a voting scheme to aggregate the risk scores of the individual methods and give a final prescription and estimated benefit of treatment. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an international effort to develop and repurpose medications and procedures to effectively combat the disease. Several groups have focused on the potential treatment utility of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) for hypertensive COVID-19 patients, with inconclusive evidence thus far. We couple electronic medical record (EMR) and registry data of 3,643 patients from Spain, Italy, Germany, Ecuador, and the US with a machine learning framework to personalize the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Our approach leverages clinical and demographic information to identify hospitalized individuals whose probability of mortality or morbidity can decrease by prescribing this class of drugs. In particular, the algorithm proposes increasing ACEI/ARBs prescriptions for patients with cardiovascular disease and decreasing prescriptions for those with low oxygen saturation at admission. We show that personalized recommendations can improve patient outcomes by 1.0% compared to the standard of care when applied to external populations. We develop an interactive interface for our algorithm, providing physicians with an actionable tool to easily assess treatment alternatives and inform clinical decisions. This work offers the first personalized recommendation system to accurately evaluate the efficacy and risks of prescribing ACEIs and ARBs to hypertensive COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223594 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223594 id: cord-235946-6vu34vce author: Beskow, David M. title: Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-23 words: 8974.0 sentences: 508.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-235946-6vu34vce.txt summary: With the pandemic as the backdrop of life as we write this book, it seemed appropriate to use the social cybersecurity tools that we discussed in the previous chapters to identify and understand information operations related to There are still many questions as well as competing narratives about the origins and nature of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease. This chapter will showcase the use of social cybersecurity tools and theory to identify and characterize information operations in the COVID-19 related Twitter Stream. Finally, at the end of our exploratory data analysis, we will try to find out if any accounts have been suspended by Twitter since contributing content to our stream. The adjusted performance is provided in Table Since the Bot-Hunter Tier 1 algorithm is our primary algorithm, we''ve visualized the probability distribution for all COVID-19 Accounts in Figure 6a with threshold = 0.5 and threshold = 0.65. abstract: The purpose of this case study is to leverage the concepts and tools presented in the preceding chapters and apply them in a real world social cybersecurity context. With the COVID-19 pandemic emerging as a defining event of the 21st Century and a magnet for disinformation maneuver, we have selected the pandemic and its related social media conversation to focus our efforts on. This chapter therefore applies the tools of information operation maneuver, bot detection and characterization, meme detection and characterization, and information mapping to the COVID-19 related conversation on Twitter. This chapter uses these tools to analyze a stream containing 206 million tweets from 27 million unique users from 15 March 2020 to 30 April 2020. Our results shed light on elaborate information operations that leverage the full breadth of the BEND maneuvers and use bots for important shaping operations. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.10102v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-264073-yhztrscf author: Betonico, Gustavo Navarro title: Challenges in COVID‐19 medical response: a nephrology perspective date: 2020-06-20 words: 1704.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264073-yhztrscf.txt summary: 2 Some strategies to minimize the risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 throughout the dialysis units are simple such as a phone call to the patients just before their HD session asking about any signs of fever or respiratory symptoms. All rights reserved Patients infected with COVID-19 often present clinical markers of kidney injury. 5 According to the available reports, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 3 -15% of patients with COVID-19 infection. 6 Most patients with COVID-19 are affected by mild or asymptomatic renal disease, but those who develop AKI usually share the most severe phenotype of the disease, characterized by cytokine storm, acute lung injury and, eventually, hypercoagulability. 11 In general, dialysis indications in COVID-19 patients follow the same recommendations as in other acute kidney injuries. Management of Patients on Dialysis and With Kidney Transplant During Covid-19 Coronavirus Infection Review Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ): challenges and recommendations abstract: The new coronavirus disease, named by World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID‐19 brought great challenges to patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). In general, ESRD patients have higher number of comorbidities and are at age‐risk for severe pulmonary presentation of this disease. Another important issue is that hemodialysis (HD) clinics are usually not located in small towns, and these frail patients often travel to their dialysis center in groups and also cannot keep the 6‐feet safe distance during their HD session.(1) url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13328 doi: 10.1111/eci.13328 id: cord-318933-09ym98hx author: Betsch, Cornelia title: Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 words: 1548.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318933-09ym98hx.txt summary: Changes in risk perceptions or knowledge can be assessed over time; data on acceptance of new response measures can be made rapidly available; and misinformation or possible stigma can be identified as they emerge. Journalists need timely knowledge about developing audience behaviour and habits to rapidly tailor information sharing and to develop narrative tools that encourage behaviour changes according to evidence from risk communication research. In sum, rapid data collection and sharing could support effective interaction between authorities, health workers, journalists, and the public to encourage appropriate behavioural change, to manage the crisis, and to protect the most important asset in a crisis: public trust. 7 At the same time, not enough is known about the complex interplay of changing epidemiology, media attention, pandemic control measures, risk perception, and public health behaviour. COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO): monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30729-7 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30729-7 id: cord-296440-18vpg419 author: Beurnier, Antoine title: Characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require hospitalisation date: 2020-07-30 words: 3554.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296440-18vpg419.txt summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required hospitalisation during the spring 2020 outbreak in Paris, France. As the world faces the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have arisen about a possible increased risk of asthma exacerbations. In Wuhan, authors pointed out a rate of 0.9% [3] , markedly lower than that in the local population; in another study investigating the clinical characteristics and allergy status of 140 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, no patient were reported as being asthmatic [3] . All adult patients hospitalized from March 15, 2020 to April 15, 2020 with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reporting a history of asthma were included. Moreover, obesity, hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities observed in our cohort of hospitalized asthmatics with COVID-19, which is consistent with earlier research in other patient groups [4] [23] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory infections are the main causes of asthma exacerbation. The susceptibility of asthmatics to develop an exacerbation when they present with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required hospitalisation during the spring 2020 outbreak in Paris, France. METHODS: A prospective cohort follow-up was carried out from March 15 to April 15, 2020 in Bicêtre Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, France. All hospitalised patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who reported a history of asthma were included. RESULTS: Among 768 hospitalised patients, 37 (4.8%) reported a history of asthma, which had been previously confirmed by a pulmonologist in 85% of cases. Patients were mainly female (70%), non-smokers (85%), with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range, IQR 42–67). None of them presented with an asthma exacerbation. Twenty-two (59%) had major comorbidities and 31 (84%) had a body mass index ≥25 kg·m(−2). The most common comorbidities were obesity (36%), hypertension (27%) and diabetes (19%). All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest. Eosinopenia was a typical biologic feature with a median count of 0/mm3 (IQR 0–0). Eleven patients (30%) were admitted in intensive care unit with three death (8.1%) occurring in the context of comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Asthmatics were not overrepresented among patients with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospitalisation. Worst outcomes were observed mainly in patients with major comorbidities. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01875-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01875-2020 id: cord-283310-5wam14aa author: Bevova, M. R. title: The New Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-09 words: 4812.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283310-5wam14aa.txt summary: Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus. The estimation of the case-fatality rate (portion of deaths divided by the total number of cases) for the disease varies from 1 to 7% [24, 25] depending on the sex and age composition of the population; strategies of testing, diagnostics, and treatment; bureaucratic peculiarities of healthcare in a particular country; and congestion of healthcare systems. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: In December 2019, the first cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were found in Wuhan (China). Later, the pneumonia was associated with a new coronavirus; in February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) gave the name COVID-19 to the new disease, while the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) gave the name SARS-CoV-2 to the virus causing it. By March 11, 2020, when the virus had spread to 114 countries, the number of diagnosed patients had reached 118 thousand and the number of deaths was 4000, the WHO declared the outbreak of the disease a pandemic. In this review, we summarize the relevant information about the origin and spread of SARS-CoV-2, its epidemiology and diagnostics, and the clinical course and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929302/ doi: 10.3103/s0891416820020044 id: cord-351819-ovpz36e7 author: Beyrouti, Rahma title: Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 1469.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351819-ovpz36e7.txt summary: We describe the demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of six consecutive patients assessed between 1 st and 16 th April 2020 at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK, with acute ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 (confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)) (table 1). On day 22, he developed acute bilateral incoordination and right homonymous hemianopia; MRI brain showed extensive acute posterior cerebral artery territory infarction (online PostScript Continued PostScript supplementary figure S1B); he received high-intensity LMWH anticoagulation. A 53-year-old woman, taking warfarin for valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), presented 24 days after COVID-19 symptom onset (cough, dyspnoea), with acute confusion, incoordination and drowsiness; CT brain confirmed acute large left cerebellar and right parieto-occipital infarcts (online supplementary figure S1 C, D). An 83-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, heavy smoking and alcohol consumption, presented with dysarthria and left hemiparesis 15 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32354768/ doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586 id: cord-348501-8cvtqj7w author: Beyzaee, Amir Mohammad title: Rituximab as the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris in the COVID‐19 pandemic era: A narrative review date: 2020-10-20 words: 2510.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348501-8cvtqj7w.txt summary: As the immunosuppressive effect of rituximab, the first‐line therapy of PV, lasts more than 6 months, many concerns have raised due to the ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. We performed a computer-assisted search of "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" databases up to 14 July 2020 using the keywords "anti-CD20 therapy," "pemphigus vulgaris," and "COVID-19." We also searched other related keywords such as coronavirus, rituximab, immunocompromised, immunosuppressive drugs, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, treatment, and outcome. 17, 18 Athough some studies may have reported that risk of infections is not different between AIBD patients treated with rituximab or high dose corticosteroids, 16 Coronavirus can target the central nervous system (CNS), which is protected by humoral immunity. 31 Also, Guilpain et al reported three systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients treating with rituximab, which resulted to late clinical worsening to severe pneumonia due to the COVID-19 infection. abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune blistering disease is treated with immunosuppressive medications. As the immunosuppressive effect of rituximab, the first‐line therapy of PV, lasts more than 6 months, many concerns have raised due to the ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. With this background, our objective was to review the currently available literature as well as important websites for the evidence related to rituximab, PV and COVID‐19, adverse effects associated with drugs, and relevant guidelines. “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” database were systematically searched for retrieving all articles related to anti‐CD20 therapy in pemphigus vulgaris and COVID‐19 published up to 14 July 2020. A total of seven clinical studies are performed with anti‐CD20 therapy in COVID‐19, three of which are performed on pemphigus patients, and have shown concerns employing rituximab in patients with COVID‐19. Evidence for treating PV patients with rituximab in COVID‐19 pandemic is limited. Until sufficient evidence or guideline for pemphigus and COVID‐19 treatment is available, we advocate caution commencing rituximab in patients with pemphigus, due to the reported adverse outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051960/ doi: 10.1111/dth.14405 id: cord-344308-ijrze203 author: Bezzerri, Valentino title: Does cystic fibrosis constitute an advantage in COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-10-06 words: 1148.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344308-ijrze203.txt summary: Moreover, respiratory viruses were generally associated with severe pulmonary impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF). [5] Because of the risk factors of chronic lung disease and host hyper-immune status, one would surmise that CF patients would be at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 illness. We conducted a retrospective study of 532 CF patients followed at the Cystic Fibrosis Center of Verona, Italy. All patients tested in this study reported symptoms consistent with respiratory infection and were hospitalized at Cystic Fibrosis Center of Verona. From 1 April to 23 July 2020, we contacted all the 532 patients from Veneto, of whom 118 subjects (22.2%), with a median age of 32.4 years (range 0.12-65.3 years), undergone further combined nose and throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2. Our data show instead that the prevalence of COVID-19 in CF population of one of the Italian region most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, namely Veneto region, is reduced compared with general population. abstract: The Veneto region is one of the most affected Italian regions by COVID-19. Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may constitute a risk factor in COVID-19. Moreover, respiratory viruses were generally associated with severe pulmonary impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF). We would have therefore expected numerous cases of severe COVID-19 among the CF population. Surprisingly, we found that CF patients were significantly protected against infection by SARS-CoV-2. We discussed this aspect formulating some reasonable theories. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00909-1 doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00909-1 id: cord-294736-ji4jz3h6 author: Beşler, Muhammed Said title: Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() date: 2020-06-02 words: 299.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294736-ji4jz3h6.txt summary: title: Acute myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection() We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient without previous history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with a new onset febrile sensation and chest pain. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement compatible with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case showed that acute myocarditis can be the initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection. Acute or fulminant myocarditis as well as heart failure have been reported with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and could be expected to occur with SARS-CoV-2, given the similar pathogenicity [2] . Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beta-coronavirus infections could be associated with tachyarrhythmias and signs and symptoms of heart failure [3] . Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Myocardial Injury and Mortality Cardiovascular complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease abstract: We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient without previous history of cardiovascular disease who was admitted to our hospital with a new onset febrile sensation and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a subpleural consolidation with a halo of ground-glass opacification. Blood tests revealed elevated levels of markers of myocyte necrosis (troponin I and creatine kinase–MB). Nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial edema and late gadolinium enhancement compatible with myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. This case showed that acute myocarditis can be the initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.100 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.100 id: cord-324725-6xu7q927 author: Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth title: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-03-13 words: 2565.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324725-6xu7q927.txt summary: Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants used social media to obtain information (61%), and a significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (61%) and symptom onset (63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. A 23-item survey instrument was developed using WHO course materials on Emerging respiratory viruses, including COVID-19 [14] , and covered the domains of HCWs characteristics, awareness, information sources, knowledge and perceptions related to COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 doi: medRxiv preprint perceptions to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The findings of this study suggest significant knowledge gaps between the amount of information available about COVID-19 and the depth of knowledge among HCWs, particularly about the mode of transmission and incubation period of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 doi: medRxiv preprint Generally, most participants had a positive perception of prevention and control of COVID-19. We identified a significant gap constituting the source of information, poor knowledge levels, and discrepancies in the perceptions about COVID-19 among our study participants. abstract: Background: During the first week of March, the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reached over 100 countries with more than 100,000 cases. Healthcare authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities beyond borders. A poor understanding of the disease among healthcare workers (HCWs) may result in delayed treatment and the rapid spread of infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs about COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among HCWs about COVID-19 during the first week of March 2020. A 23-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly to HCWs using social media; it required 5 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of 529 participants, a total of 453 HCWs completed the survey (response rate: 85.6%); 51.6% were males, 32.1% were aged 25-34 years, and most were doctors (30.2%) and medical students (29.6%). Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants used social media to obtain information (61%), and a significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (61%) and symptom onset (63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. Factors such as age and profession were associated with inadequate knowledge and poor perception of COVID-19. Conclusion: As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach HCWs beyond borders, and further studies are warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 id: cord-255466-g3b283ym author: Bhagra, Ojas title: An Integrated and Intergenerational Community Response to Promote Holistic Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-02 words: 1791.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255466-g3b283ym.txt summary: In addition to HCWs needing community support to relieve the strain of massive patient influxes, pandemics take immense tolls on the mental, emotional, and holistic wellbeing of communities through the lack of connectivity due to isolation, social distancing, and cancellations of major social and life events 5 . We aim to provide a framework for an integrated, intergenerational community response to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing of HCWs and communities. Mobilizing the community to aid mask shortages directly helps another major impact: a massive toll on HCWs'' emotional and mental health. It is important to recognize the impact a community can have on improving the mental health of HCWs by addressing their emotional and spiritual needs during a time of crisis. An integrated, intergenerational community response is essential to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing during a pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690384/ doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.018 id: cord-291038-n8bk541m author: Bhala, Neeraj title: Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-10 words: 1675.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291038-n8bk541m.txt summary: 13, 16, 21 Ethnic/racial minorities exposed in crowded places and becoming seriously ill might be infected from multiple sources and a comparatively large infectious dose of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), which could be relevant in health and social care workers. 11, 13 Health-care disparities are also likely to have a role in the high burden of COVID-19 among ethnic/racial minorities-eg, in the USA, Black or African American minorities and Hispanic groups are less likely to have health insurance, with consequent reduced healthcare access and use. Moreover, the heterogeneity of ethnic/racial minority groups, whether African, Caribbean, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi in the UK), Chinese, or other ethnicities, have diverse risk factor profiles, which might be important for COVID-19 outcomes. Ethnic/racial disparities in the health outcomes of people with COVID-19 need to be studied alongside age, sex, gender, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities in disaggregated public health data. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620311028 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31102-8 id: cord-301829-6yrgkx96 author: Bhardwaj, Rashmi title: Data Driven Estimation of Novel COVID-19 Transmission Risks Through Hybrid Soft-Computing Techniques date: 2020-07-25 words: 1967.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301829-6yrgkx96.txt summary: Wavelet-based forecasting model predicts for shorter time span such as five to ten days advanced number of confirmed, death and recovered cases of China, India and USA. Study forecasted impending COVID-19 spread cases for China plus some other regions using mathematical & traditional time-series prediction models [22] . None of the authors have studied the wavelet based neuronal fuzzification hybrid model for the data of countrywise spread of COVID-19 genome. The forecast of 50-60 days ahead varying in every case helps to understand the clear picture of the pandemic spread and the manner in which the transmission rate may change in the following time periods in these three countries India, China and America. Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis abstract: Coronavirus genomic infection-2019 (COVID-19) has been announced as a serious health emergency arising international awareness due to its spread to 201 countries at present. In the month of April of the year 2020, it has certainly taken the pandemic outbreak of approximately 11,16,643 infections confirmed leading to around 59,170 deaths have been recorded world-over. This article studies multiple countries-based pandemic spread for the development of the COVID-19 originated in the China. This paper focuses on forecasting via real-time responses data to inherit an idea about the increase and maximum number of virus-infected cases for the various regions. In addition, it will help to understand the panic that surrounds this nCoV-19 for some intensely affecting states possessing different important demographic characteristics that would be affecting the disease characteristics. This study aims at developing soft-computing hybrid models for calculating the transmissibility of this genome viral. The analysis aids the study of the outbreak of this virus towards the other parts of the continent and the world. A hybrid of wavelet decomposed data into approximations and details then trained & tested through neuronal-fuzzification approach. Wavelet-based forecasting model predicts for shorter time span such as five to ten days advanced number of confirmed, death and recovered cases of China, India and USA. While data-based prediction through interpolation applied through moving average predicts for longer time spans such as 50-60 days ahead with lesser accuracy as compared to that of wavelet-based hybrids. Based on the simulations, the significance level (alpha) ranges from 0.10 to 0.67, MASE varying from 0.06 to 5.76, sMAPE ranges from 0.15 to 1.97, MAE varies from 22.59 to 6024.76, RMSE shows a variation from 3.18 to 8360.29 & R(2) varying through 0.0018 to 0.7149. MASE and sMAPE are relatively lesser applied and novel measures that aimed to achieve increase in accuracy. They eliminated skewness and made the model outlier-free. Estimates of the awaited outburst for regions in this study are India, China and the USA that will help in the improvement of apportionment of healthcare facilities as it can act as an early-warning system for government policy-makers. Thus, data-driven analysis will provide deep insights into the study of transmission of this viral genome estimation towards immensely affected countries. Also, the study with the help of transmission concern aims to eradicate the panic and stigma that has spread like wildfire and has become a significant part of this pandemic in these times. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920305488 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110152 id: cord-353116-7t1prfkr author: Bhargava, Ashish title: Predictors for Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-30 words: 2635.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353116-7t1prfkr.txt summary: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI 2.5-22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.3-5.6) and initial CRP (OR,1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen at the time of hospitalization and initial CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19 infections. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness in the studied cohort were cough (141 including higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared with those patients with non-severe infection. In our study we report pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen requirement at admission, acute renal insufficiency, and initial CRP value as independent predictors of severe COVID-19 infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predictors for severe COVID-19 infection have not been well defined. Determination of risk factors for severe infection would enable identifying patients who may benefit from aggressive supportive care and early intervention. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 197 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to a tertiary academic medical center. RESULTS: Of 197 hospitalized patients, the mean (SD) age of the cohort was 60.6 (16.2) years, 103 (52.3%) were male and 156 (82.1%) were black. Severe COVID-19 infection was noted in 74 (37.6%) patients, requiring intubation. Patients aged above 60 were significantly more likely to have severe infection. Patients with severe infection were significantly more likely to have diabetes, renal disease, chronic pulmonary disease and had significantly higher white blood cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts, and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to patients with non-severe infection. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for severe infection included pre-existing renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% CI 2.5-22.0), oxygen requirement at hospitalization (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.7), acute renal injury (OR, 2.7; 95% CI 1.3-5.6) and initial CRP (OR,1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.01). Race, age and socioeconomic status were not identified as independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Acute or pre-existing renal disease, supplemental oxygen at the time of hospitalization and initial CRP were independent predictors for the development of severe COVID-19 infections. Every 1 unit increase in CRP increased the risk of severe disease by 0.06%. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472676/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa674 id: cord-289855-11pkt4uu author: Bhargava, Shashank title: Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID‐19: All hands on deck date: 2020-05-13 words: 347.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289855-11pkt4uu.txt summary: Healthcare providers should be recruited in critical care management depending upon their skill set and confidence level. They should receive training in simple procedures such as vascular access, straightforward intubations, proning maneuvers, and fluid management in uncomplicated patients in order to take off some of the pressure from ICU staff. As the focus shifts from containment efforts to disease mitigation, the healthcare community must step up as a whole to lend its expertise as never before. In a survey among Indian dermatologists, 57% of the respondents would consider redeployment in COVID-19 "hot zones" if a need to augment the medical workforce arises. Our patients need us to move out of our comfort zones and heed the clarion call for "all hands on deck" in order to defeat COVID-19. Strategic planning and recommendations for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Our thanks to all healthcare workers on the frontlines caring for our most vulnerable abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297408/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13420 id: cord-325948-wszd7pq4 author: Bhasin, Ajay title: Is BMI higher in younger patients with COVID‐19? Association between BMI and COVID‐19 hospitalization by age date: 2020-07-01 words: 1649.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325948-wszd7pq4.txt summary: We were interested in understanding whether patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages, and if trends were independent of diabetes and hypertension. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) lists severe obesity [Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40kg/m 2 ] as a risk factor for COVID-19. Recent studies suggest obesity is a risk factor for hospitalization of patients younger than 60 years with COVID-19 . 3 No studies have evaluated BMI as a function of age while controlling for DM and hypertension for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We were interested in understanding whether patients hospitalized with COVID-19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages, and among subgroups with and without DM and hypertension. In this cross-sectional study, patients less than 50 years old hospitalized with COVID-19 had significantly higher mean BMI and were more likely to have a higher class of obesity than patients over 50 years of age. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been found to be a risk factor for hospitalization with COVID‐19. We were interested in understanding whether patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 differed in BMI at older versus younger ages, and if trends were independent of diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID‐19 at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from March 19(th), 2020 until April 4(th), 2020. We compared patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 above and below the age of 50, and to those hospitalized without COVID‐19. RESULTS: We found patients younger than 50 years of age hospitalized with COVID‐19 without diabetes or hypertension had mean BMI greater than those older than 50 years of age, with BMI 43.1 (95%CI 34.5 – 51.7) kg/m(2) vs 30.1 (95%CI 27.7 – 32.5) kg/m(2) (p=0.02). Furthermore, BMI appears to inversely correlate with increasing age amongst patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. We did not detect the same difference or trend for patients hospitalized without COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: We found younger patients (age <50 years) with COVID‐19 had higher mean BMI than older patients with COVID‐19, with and without diabetes and hypertension. This trend did not exist in patients without COVID‐19 hospitalized during the same time‐period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32610371/ doi: 10.1002/oby.22947 id: cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date: 2020-09-07 words: 9169.0 sentences: 440.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt summary: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American College of Cardiology urgently updated its guidance on "Telehealth: Rapid Implementation for Your Cardiology Clinic, " in which it encouraged remote monitoring and virtual visits of patients with cardiac problems (16) . A program developed in Germany known as TRANSIT-stroke, in which rural hospitals established a telemedicine network, saw an improvement in patient outcomes as neurological assessment was made faster, treatments were issued within the required timeframe, and 24 h neurologist access was enabled (27) . The rapid move by various bodies, associations, and providers to use telemedicine in maintaining patient continuity while limiting COVID-19 risks of exposure to patients and healthcare workers will have a long-term impact well-beyond the current pandemic. Key Strategies for clinical management and improvement of healthcare services for cardiovascular disease and diabetes patients in the coronavirus (COVID-19) settings: recommendations from the REPROGRAM consortium abstract: Technology has acted as a great enabler of patient continuity through remote consultation, ongoing monitoring, and patient education using telephone and videoconferencing in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. The devastating impact of COVID-19 is bound to prevail beyond its current reign. The vulnerable sections of our community, including the elderly, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, those with multiple comorbidities, and immunocompromised patients, endure a relatively higher burden of a pandemic such as COVID-19. The rapid adoption of different technologies across countries, driven by the need to provide continued medical care in the era of social distancing, has catalyzed the penetration of telemedicine. Limiting the exposure of patients, healthcare workers, and systems is critical in controlling the viral spread. Telemedicine offers an opportunity to improve health systems delivery, access, and efficiency. This article critically examines the current telemedicine landscape and challenges in its adoption, toward remote/tele-delivery of care, across various medical specialties. The current consortium provides a roadmap and/or framework, along with recommendations, for telemedicine uptake and implementation in clinical practice during and beyond COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00410 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00410 id: cord-344729-sjjedgws author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Acute Neurological Care in the COVID-19 Era: The Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Consortium Pathway date: 2020-05-29 words: 3715.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344729-sjjedgws.txt summary: The management of acute neurological conditions, particularly acute ischemic stroke, in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of importance, considering the risk of infection to the healthcare workers and patients and emerging evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of the virus. Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke during COVID-19 pandemic could be challenging and certain precautions must be taken in order to protect healthcare workers, particularly in the delivery of endovascular treatment, where aerosol could be produced during the procedures, to prevent further vector transmission (9) . Notably, these guidelines concur with the "Consensus Statement from Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology & Critical Care" about "Anesthetic Management of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19 Pandemic (9), " in that general anesthesia should be used if there are concerns surrounding the need for mid-procedural conversion and intubation which could be very detrimental and could expose the whole team, a scenario that should be avoided at all cost. abstract: The management of acute neurological conditions, particularly acute ischemic stroke, in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of importance, considering the risk of infection to the healthcare workers and patients and emerging evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of the virus. There are variations in expert guidelines further complicating the picture for clinicians in acute settings. In this light, there is a compelling need for further formulation of recommendations that compile these variations seen in the numerous guidelines present. Health system protocols for managing ongoing acute neurological care and intervention need consideration of safety and well-being of the frontline healthcare workers and the patients. We examine existing pathways and their efficacy to mitigate viral exposure to the healthcare workers and patients and synthesize a systemic approach to manage patients with acute neurological conditions in the COVID-19 scenario. Early experiences with a COVID-19 positive stroke patient treated with endovascular thrombectomy is presented to highlight the urgent need for adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) during acute neuro-interventional procedures. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00579 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00579 id: cord-317834-5givph12 author: Bhat, Kulthe Ramesh Seetharam title: COVID-19 model-based practice changes in managing a large prostate cancer practice: following the trends during a month-long ordeal date: 2020-06-14 words: 3156.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317834-5givph12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317834-5givph12.txt summary: To determine the gravity of the COVID-19 situation, we performed an initial risk assessment and peak resource requirement using the COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics (CHIME), assuming 60% and 15% compliance in social distancing [4] . Close monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the national and international level led to our practice deciding to only operate on NCCN high-risk patients starting on March 15, which lasted until the end of March, when the operating rooms were closed to nonemergent cases by our hospital administrators. Based on our initial assessment using the CHIME tool, if the community followed 60% social distancing, the number of expected new patients hospitalized at maximum surge would be 401, with 100 patients requiring ventilator support. The results of the hospital PPE/ bed assessment, the initial CHIME model results, and the fact that COVID-19 cases were increasing on a national and international level (Fig. 1 ) led to our decision to suspend all surgical procedures. abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been a life-changing experience for both individuals and institutions. We describe changes in our practice based on real-time assessment of various national and international trends of COVID-19 and its effectiveness in the management of our resources. Initial risk assessment and peak resource requirement using the COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics (CHIME) and McKinsey models. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of our practice’s approach during the pandemic. Based on CHIME the community followed 60% social distancing, the number of expected new patients hospitalized at maximum surge would be 401, with 100 patients requiring ventilator support. In contrast, when the community followed 15% social distancing, the maximum surge of hospitalized new patients would be 1823 and 455 patients would require a ventilator. on April 15, the expected May requirement of ICU beds at peak would be 68, with 61 patients needing ventilators. The estimated surge numbers improved throughout April, and on April 22 the expected ICU bed peak in May would be 11.7, and those requiring ventilator would be 10.5. Simultaneously, within a month, our surgical waitlist grew from 585 to over 723 patients. Our SWOT analysis revealed our internal strengths and inherent weakness, relevant to the pandemic. A graded and a guarded response to this type of situation is crucial in managing patients in a large practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537713/ doi: 10.1007/s11701-020-01100-8 id: cord-271889-qlmp0qul author: Bhat, Roopa title: Chest Imaging in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection - A Case Series date: 2020-04-11 words: 2295.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271889-qlmp0qul.txt summary: 4 Common clinical symptoms of patients infected with COVID-19, include fever, fatigue, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and diarrhea. This case series aims to outline the clinical features, illustrates the most common reported imaging findings of COVID-19 infection, and demonstrates different management plans used. Twenty-five-year-old male without history of recent travel presented to the emergency department (ED) with 4 days of fever, sore throat and dry cough, runny nose, and mild shortness of breath (SOB). Initial CXR showed patchy peripheral airspace opacities in the bilateral middle and lower lungs, concerning for multifocal infection (Fig 2A) . The patient was discharged on doxycycline, with recommendations to self-quarantine for 14 CXR showed worsening of bilateral peripheral patchy pulmonary opacities (Fig 2 B) . Fifty-six-year-old male health care worker recently tested positive for COVID-19 presented to the ED with worsening cough, fever, SOB, rhinorrhea, nausea, and vomiting. abstract: COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-19) is a zoonotic illness first reported in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is now officially a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization. The infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 infected patients can be asymptomatic carriers or present with mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms. Imaging, including computed tomography is not recommended to screen/diagnose COVID-19 infections, but plays an important role in management of these patients, and to rule out alternative diagnoses or coexistent diseases. In our multicenter case series, we outline the clinical presentations and illustrate the most common imaging manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0363018820300554 doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.04.001 id: cord-298287-larzpygd author: Bhat, Shubha title: Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 831.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298287-larzpygd.txt summary: title: Impact of Clinical Pharmacists in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic To characterize the clinical pharmacists'' impact on caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19. RESULTS: The clinical pharmacist addressed COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease treatment concerns with 140 patients, conducted 34 medication education and monitoring visits, reviewed 141 patients'' charts and helped rescheduled 18 patients who missed their biologic infusion, transitioned 12 patients to home infusions, and assisted 5 patients with medication access. DISCUSSION: Clinical pharmacists embedded in gastroenterology practices permit for continued optimal patient care during a pandemic. However, the potential for clinical pharmacists to strengthen the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during this pandemic has not been reported. The clinical pharmacist spoke with 140 patients to address COVID-19 and IBD treatment concerns. Maintaining the quality standards of care for inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: To characterize the clinical pharmacists' impact on caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19. METHODS: A clinical pharmacist's encounters between March 17 and April 14, 2020, were audited to determine encounter frequency and indication. RESULTS: The clinical pharmacist addressed COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease treatment concerns with 140 patients, conducted 34 medication education and monitoring visits, reviewed 141 patients' charts and helped rescheduled 18 patients who missed their biologic infusion, transitioned 12 patients to home infusions, and assisted 5 patients with medication access. DISCUSSION: Clinical pharmacists embedded in gastroenterology practices permit for continued optimal patient care during a pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000787 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000787 id: cord-335168-3ofarutr author: Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dermatologists and Dermatology Practice date: 2020-05-10 words: 3362.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335168-3ofarutr.txt summary: [11] The International Psoriasis Council recommends dermatologists to discontinue or postpone immunosuppressant medications for psoriasis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, however apremilast can be continued unless severe symptoms are present. Indian association of dermatologists, venereologists and leprologists (IADVL), one of the largest dermatology association in the world, was also prompt to issue position statement for its members with the objectives of providing strategies to combat COVID-19 in dermatology practice in the form of education about the prevention of transmission; avoiding all non-essential outpatient consultations and elective procedures; stressing upon the dermatolgists to be updated with ever changing scenarios and guidelines, canceling travels and gatherings including CMEs, meetings, and conferences and recommendations about the use of immunosuppressives and biologics in patients. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has directly or indirectly affected every human being on this planet. It's impact on the healthcare system has been devastating. The medical fraternity across the world, including India, is facing unprecedented challenges in striving to cope up with this catastrophic outbreak. Like all other specialties, dermatology practice has been profoundly affected by this pandemic. Measures have been taken by dermatologists to control the transmission of the virus, whereas providing health care to patients in the constrained environment. Preventive measures such as social distancing and hand hygienic practices along with patient education is being prioritized. Dermatological conferences and events scheduled across the globe in the first half of year 2020 have been either cancelled or postponed to discourage gatherings. Rationalization of resources and practice of teledermatology are being encouraged in current scenario. Non-urgent visits of the patients are being discouraged and elective dermatology procedures are being postponed. Many national and international dermatology societies have recently proposed recommendations and advisories on usage of biologicals and immunomodulators in present context of COVID-19 pandemic. Urticarial, erythematous, varicelliform, purpuric and livedoid rash as well as aggravation of preexisting dermatological diseases like rosacea, eczema, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis rash have been reported in Covid-19 patients. Self medications and poor compliance of dermatology patients in addition to lack of proper treatment protocols and monitoring are a serious concern in the present scenario. Strategies for future course of action, including the dermatology specific guidelines need to be framed. This issue includes a special symposium on dermatology and COVID-19 having recommendations from special interest groups (SIGs) of Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) Academy on leprosy, dermatosurgery, lasers and dermoscopy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695687/ doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_180_20 id: cord-344080-tru8kvxw author: Bhatt, Ankeet S. title: Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience date: 2020-05-26 words: 2410.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344080-tru8kvxw.txt summary: These early reports have raised concerns that similar reductions may be seen across other important acute cardiovascular conditions that require early in-hospital evaluation and treatment, including chest pain syndromes, heart failure (HF), and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) among others, although this has not been well characterized. We therefore examined longitudinal trends in hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large, tertiary care integrated health system. In this temporal analysis of over 7,000 hospitalizations, a marked decline in total hospitalizations was observed for acute cardiovascular conditions in a large, tertiary care Although patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic had comparable demographic characteristics, length of stay was shorter. The trend toward increased in-hospital mortality in March 2020 compared with earlier time periods also raises concerns that patients admitted for acute cardiovascular conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic may present later in their acute illness and therefore may have higher acuity. abstract: Abstract Background While patients with cardiovascular disease face excess risks of severe illness with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), there may be indirect consequences of the pandemic on this high-risk patient segment. Objectives To examine longitudinal trends in hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular conditions across a tertiary care healthcare system. Methods We tracked acute cardiovascular hospitalizations between January 1st, 2019 and March 31st, 2020. We estimated daily hospitalization rates using negative binomial models. Temporal trends in hospitalization rates were compared across the first 3 months of 2020, with the first 3 months of 2019 as a reference. Results From January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, 6,083 patients experienced 7,187 hospitalizations for primary acute cardiovascular reasons. There was 43.4% (27.4% to 56.0%) fewer estimated daily hospitalizations in March 2020 as compared with March 2019 (P<0.001). The daily rate of hospitalizations did not change throughout 2019 (-0.01% per day [-0.04% to +0.02%], P=0.50), January 2020 (-0.5% per day [-1.6% to +0.5%], P=0.31), or February 2020 (+0.7% per day [-0.6% to +2.0%], P=0.27). There was significant daily decline in hospitalizations in March 2020 (-5.9% per day [-7.6% to -4.3%], P<0.001). Length of stay was shorter (4.8 [2.4,8.3] days vs. 6.0 [3.1,9.6] days; P=0.003) and in-hospital mortality was not significantly different (6.2% vs. 4.4%; P=0.30) in March 2020 compared with March 2019. Conclusions During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked decline in acute cardiovascular hospitalizations and patients who were admitted had shorter lengths of stay. These data substantiate concerns that acute care of cardiovascular conditions may be delayed, deferred, or abbreviated during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470516/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.038 id: cord-311579-4jhoatkw author: Bhatt, Harshil title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a case report and review of the literature date: 2020-10-15 words: 1759.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311579-4jhoatkw.txt summary: CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old Caucasian male patient presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of dyspnea on exertion after his wife''s recent diagnosis of COVID-19. Based on the patient''s clinical presentation and the laboratory workup identifying an elevated D-dimer, a computed tomography angiogram of the chest was obtained, which was significant for moderately large, bilateral pulmonary emboli with a saddle embolus, and an associated small, left lower lobe, pulmonary infarct. Post-discharge telephone calls at day 10 and week 4 revealed that the patient was appropriately responding to anticoagulation treatment and had no recurrence of his symptoms related to venous thromboembolism and COVID-19. We report an atypical case involving a 65-year-old male patient with an acute saddle pulmonary embolism and a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) associated with COVID-19. reported objectively confirmed VTE incidence rates of 16%, 33%, and 42% at days 7, 14, and 21, respectively, among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, despite receiving thrombosis prophylaxis. abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, there is minimal data available highlighting the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This case report with a literature review emphasizes a unique presentation of COVID-19 that is highly important for health care providers to consider when treating their patients. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old Caucasian male patient presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of dyspnea on exertion after his wife’s recent diagnosis of COVID-19. He additionally had experienced a couple of episodes of self-resolving diarrhea a few days before presentation. Based on the patient’s clinical presentation and the laboratory workup identifying an elevated D-dimer, a computed tomography angiogram of the chest was obtained, which was significant for moderately large, bilateral pulmonary emboli with a saddle embolus, and an associated small, left lower lobe, pulmonary infarct. Ultrasound of the lower extremity showed non-occlusive deep vein thrombosis at the distal left femoral vein to the left popliteal vein. The patient was additionally diagnosed with COVID-19 when the results of the COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test returned as positive. The patient was admitted to the COVID unit, and he was started on an intravenously administered, unfractionated heparin drip for management of his bilateral pulmonary emboli and deep vein thrombosis. The patient’s clinical condition improved significantly with anticoagulation, and he was observed in the hospital for 3 days, after which he was discharged home on the enoxaparin bridge with warfarin. Post-discharge telephone calls at day 10 and week 4 revealed that the patient was appropriately responding to anticoagulation treatment and had no recurrence of his symptoms related to venous thromboembolism and COVID-19. CONCLUSION: As COVID-19 continues to lead to significant mortality, more data is emerging that is exposing its perplexing pathogenicity. Meanwhile, the presentation of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 remains an unusual finding. It is imperative for health care providers to be mindful of this unique association to make necessary diagnostic evaluations and provide appropriate treatment for the patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-020-02516-4 doi: 10.1186/s13256-020-02516-4 id: cord-325531-riftp8g6 author: Bhatta, Sabita title: New-Onset Seizure as the Only Presentation in a Child With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 1631.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325531-riftp8g6.txt summary: We present a child with a new-onset isolated afebrile seizure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite being generally mild in children, we have witnessed vague clinical pictures in COVID-19, ranging from asymptomatic in the mildest form to severe respiratory distress [2] . Here, we aim to report an uncommon neurological manifestation, isolated afebrile seizure, in a child with COVID-19. Description of isolated afebrile seizure in COVID-19 is scarce among children, and neurological manifestations have not been extensively studied [6] [7] . Our case highlights seizure as one of the uncommon, but potential presentations of COVID-19 in children. investigated preliminary COVID-19 findings and found one out of 10 infected children with seizures, while others presented predominantly with fever, cough, and diarrhea [10] . As new cases are unfolding each day, it is essential to recognize seizure as a potential COVID-19 presentation in the pediatric age groups. abstract: We present a child with a new-onset isolated afebrile seizure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This patient, an 11-year-old Hispanic male, was brought to our ED in New York city on May 01, 2020, during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis with seizure. There was no fever and/or respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints. His general and systemic examination did not reveal any abnormality. Similarly, his biochemical profiles were within normal limits, and the radiological study, including a chest X-ray and CT scan, showed normal findings. His polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for SARS-CoV2. The patient was admitted for observation after consultation with pediatric neurology, and his condition progressively improved with anti-seizure medications. This case highlights the need for recognizing an uncommon and atypical presentation in COVID-19 as the new cases are unfolding rapidly across the globe. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8820 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8820 id: cord-291803-hsnz2qry author: Bhattacharjee, Barnali title: “The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health in USA – A Review with Some Coping Strategies” date: 2020-08-23 words: 4036.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291803-hsnz2qry.txt summary: These observations suggest possible increase in mental health illnesses in United States as a consequence of the pandemic. The fear of being infected or dying from the disease is one of the most significant causes of mental health disorders. In this article, the authors critically examine the onset of the pandemic in United States of America focusing on its effect on the mental health of American people. May 28, 2020 With the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in United States from March through April 2020, there has been a rise in fear in the minds of people. This suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on the economy in United States may lead to an increase in mental health illness in the country. Recent stressors associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic such as illnesses, social isolation, depressive home environment, and financial hardship can cause depressive disorders. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in enormous losses in terms of human lives and economy in United States. The outbreak has been continuing to heavily impact the mental health of people. Developing key strategies to prevent mental illnesses is extremely important for the well-being of people. A survey conducted during the last week of March 2020 showed that 72% of Americans felt that their lives were impacted by the outbreak, which was a 32% increase from the survey conducted only 2 weeks earlier. The results show a positive correlation between COVID-19 infections/casualties and growing public concern. These observations suggest possible increase in mental health illnesses in United States as a consequence of the pandemic. The authors review a recently published model on COVID-19 related fear among the people. The fear of being infected or dying from the disease is one of the most significant causes of mental health disorders. Loss of employment or the fear of losing employment is another major concern leading to mental illnesses. Several unique strategies to prevent or mitigate mental illnesses are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32829449/ doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09836-0 id: cord-337665-roelk7i5 author: Bhattacharjee, Hemanga K. title: Emergency Surgery during COVID-19: Lessons Learned date: 2020-09-30 words: 2946.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337665-roelk7i5.txt summary: Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Result Two patients from "red zones" for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgical procedures are time sensitive and require prompt decisions, but during this pandemic, the decision making becomes more difficult as the symptoms can overlap with potential SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection and there is a potential community spread of the infection. The patient was shifted to general ward on the next day evening after his COVID-19 test report came out as negative. abstract: Introduction The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted health services throughout the world. It has brought in several new challenges to deal with surgical emergencies. Herein, we report two suspected cases of COVID-19 that were operated during this “lockdown” period and highlight the protocols we followed and lessons we learned from this situation. Result Two patients from “red zones” for COVID-19 pandemic presented with acute abdomen, one a 64-year male, who presented with perforation peritonitis and another, a 57-year male with acute intestinal obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus. They also had associated COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 test could not be done at the time of their presentation to the hospital. Patients underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy assuming them to be positive for the infection. Surgical team was donned with full coverall personal protective equipment. Sudden and uncontrolled egression intraperitoneal free gas was avoided, Echelon flex 60 staplers were used to resect the volvulus without allowing the gas from the volvulus to escape; mesocolon was divided using vascular reload of the stapler, no electrosurgical devices were used to avoid the aerosolization of viral particles. Colostomy was done in both the patients. Both the patients turned out to be negative for COVID-19 subsequently and discharged from hospital in stable condition. Conclusion Surgeons need to adapt to safely execute emergency surgical procedures during this period of COVID-19 pandemic. Preparedness is of paramount importance. Full precautionary measures should be taken when dealing with any suspected case. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716335 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716335 id: cord-269425-e9iyso7n author: Bhattacharjee, Sukrita title: Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-09-19 words: 5418.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269425-e9iyso7n.txt summary: A systematic review was done to analyze the clinical profile and outcomes in a total of 45 cases of new-onset ITP in COVID-19 patients described in literature until date. Diagnosis of ITP in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 poses a major diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge to clinicians owing to presence of multiple concomitant conditions including HLH, DIC, sepsis, antibiotic use, heparin prophylaxis, and thromboembolic events. The following data were extracted from the included studies: age of the patient at presentation, gender, COVID-19 illness severity, comorbidities, medication use, nadir platelet count, onset of COVID-19 symptoms to diagnosis of ITP, bleeding manifestations of ITP, time to recovery from start of treatment, and clinical outcomes. Bone marrow study in these few selected cases of ITP would reveal low number of megakaryocytes, as seen in one patient of this review, who presented with severe thrombocytopenia (count 2 × 10 9 /μL) [7] . abstract: Immune thrombocytopenia, often known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), has emerged as an important complication of COVID-19. A systematic review was done to analyze the clinical profile and outcomes in a total of 45 cases of new-onset ITP in COVID-19 patients described in literature until date. A comprehensive approach is essential for diagnosing COVID-19-associated ITP after excluding several concomitant factors that can cause thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. Majority of ITP cases (71%) were found to be elderly (> 50 years) and 75% cases had moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Three patients (7%) were in the pediatric age group. Reports of ITP in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients (7%) underscore the need for COVID-19 testing in newly diagnosed patients with ITP irrespective of COVID-19 symptoms amid this pandemic. ITP onset occurred in 20% cases 3 weeks after onset of COVID-19 symptoms, with many reports after clinical recovery. SARS-CoV-2-mediated immune thrombocytopenia can be attributed to the underlying immune dysregulation, susceptibility mutations in SOCS 1, and other mechanisms, including molecular mimicry, cryptic antigen expression, and epitope spreading. No bleeding manifestations were reported in 31% cases at diagnosis. Severe life-threatening bleeding was uncommon. One case of mortality was attributed to intracranial hemorrhage. Secondary Evans syndrome was diagnosed in one case. Good initial response to short course of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin has been found with the exception of delayed lag response in one case. Thrombopoietin receptor agonist usage as a second-line agent has been noted in few cases for short duration with no adverse events. In the relatively short follow-up period, four relapses of ITP were found. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984764/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00521-8 id: cord-254419-qw83atrx author: Bhattacharyya, Rajat title: The Interplay Between Coagulation and Inflammation Pathways in COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-25 words: 5900.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254419-qw83atrx.txt summary: This narrative review aims to summarize the current available evidence on the interplay between hypercoagulability, thrombo-inflammation, and pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in COVID-19 infection resulting in respiratory failure and how this information can be used to design clinical trials to optimize patient outcomes. ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, NETS neutrophil extracellular traps, SARS-COV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TMPRSS2 transmembrane protease serine 2 shown to be at higher risk of worse outcomes [13] [14] [15] (Fig. 2) . CHD chronic heart disease, CLD chronic lung disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, DOACS direct oral anticoagulants, FDPs fibrinogen degradation products, HTN hypertension, IFN interferon, JAK Janus kinase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, NSAIDS nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PT prothrombin time, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VW Ag Von Willebrand antigen and microvascular thrombosis appears to be responsible for the clinical picture that leads to progressive multi-organ failure in a small percentage of patients, ultimately causing fatalities. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented worldwide socio-economic and health impact. There is increasing evidence that a combination of inflammation and hypercoagulable state are the main mechanisms of respiratory failure in these patients. This narrative review aims to summarize currently available evidence on the complex interplay of immune dysregulation, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of respiratory failure in COVID-19 disease. In addition, we will describe the experience of anticoagulation and anti-inflammatory strategies that have been tested. Profound suppression of the adaptive and hyperactivity of innate immune systems with macrophage activation appears to be a prominent feature in this infection. Immune dysregulation together with endotheliitis and severe hypercoagulability results in thromboinflammation and microvascular thrombosis in the pulmonary vasculature leading to severe respiratory distress. Currently, some guidelines recommend the use of prophylactic low molecular weight heparin in all hospitalized patients, with intermediate dose prophylaxis in those needing intensive care, and the use of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with proven or suspected thrombosis. Strong recommendations cannot be made until this approach is validated by trial results. To target the inflammatory cascade, low-dose dexamethasone appears to be helpful in moderate to severe cases and trials with anti-interleukin agents (e.g., tocilizumab, anakinra, siltuximab) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are showing early promising results. Potential newer agents (e.g., Janus kinase inhibitor such as ruxolitinib, baricitinib, fedratinib) are likely to be investigated in clinical trials. Unfortunately, current trials are mostly examining these agents in isolation and there may be a significant delay before evidence-based practice can be implemented. It is plausible that a combination of anti-viral drugs together with anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulation medicines will be the most successful strategy in managing severely affected patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-020-00126-5 doi: 10.1007/s41030-020-00126-5 id: cord-334413-h6n36jei author: Bhattacharyya, Suvanjan title: A Novel CFD Analysis to Minimize the Spread of COVID-19 Virus in Hospital Isolation Room date: 2020-09-17 words: 2697.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334413-h6n36jei.txt summary: Present study investigates the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer to reach every point of the space of the isolation room so as to kill the COVID-19 virus which will help to protect the lives of doctors, nurses and health care workers. It is found from the analysis that high turbulent fields generated inside the isolation room may be an effective way of distributing sanitizer in entire volume of isolation room to kill the COVID-19 virus. As the medical treatments are often inaccurate, besides precautionary measures and supports, it is therefore reasonable to investigate the possibilities to sanitize the confined volume of air to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 virus inside the airborne infection isolation rooms, and ICUs of a hospital. The study has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer so as to reach every corner of the isolation room and kill the COVID-19 virus. abstract: The COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease caused by a devastating coronavirus family (2019-nCoV) has become a pandemic across the globe. It is an infectious virus and transmits by inhalation or contact with droplet nuclei produced during sneezing, coughing, and speaking by infected people. Airborne transmission of COVID-19 is also possible in a confined place in the immediate environment of the infected person. Present study investigates the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer to reach every point of the space of the isolation room so as to kill the COVID-19 virus which will help to protect the lives of doctors, nurses and health care workers. In order to numerically model the laminar-transitional flows, transition SST k-ε model, which involves four transport equations are employed in the current study. It is found from the analysis that high turbulent fields generated inside the isolation room may be an effective way of distributing sanitizer in entire volume of isolation room to kill the COVID-19 virus. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920306901?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110294 id: cord-288559-7m6sh5xx author: Bhattarai, S. title: Assessment of service availability and Infection prevention measures in hospitals of Nepal during the transition phase of COVID-19 case surge date: 2020-05-19 words: 5136.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288559-7m6sh5xx.txt summary: (8) The Government of Nepal designated 25 large (tertiary care) hospitals across all provinces as COVID-19 treatment centers, but there were no stringent guidelines for measuring pandemic readiness and response across the range of facilities.(6) With the decision of the High Level Coordination Committee (HLCC) for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (17 th March) to add 115 ICU and 1,000 isolation beds in the health facilities of Kathmandu, and set up a total of 120 ICU beds in other provinces, the overall status of pandemic preparedness and the capacity of national health systems were unknown. The overall service availability including specimen collection and laboratory services, isolation of COVID-19 suspects or cases, and ICU bed was found to be severely inadequate across small, medium, and large hospitals at the time of the study. Despite that given window of opportunity for Nepal in terms of pandemic preparedness, the majority of small and over one-third of medium and large hospitals had not allocated isolation beds for COVID-19 suspects. abstract: As with other coronavirus-affected countries, Nepalese medical fraternity also expressed concerns regarding public health strategies of government and hospital readiness in response to upgoing case surge. To gauge such response, we assessed service availability and Infection prevention and control (IPC) status in 110 hospitals situated across seven provinces. An electronic survey was sent out to the frontline clinicians working on those hospitals between 24th March and 7th April 2020; one response per hospital was analyzed. Hospitals were divided into small, medium, and large based on the total number of beds (small:<=15; medium:16-50; large:>50), and further categorized into public, private, and mixed based on the ownership. Out of 110 hospitals, 81% (22/27) of small, 39% (11/28) of medium, and 33% (18/55) of large hospitals had not allocated isolation beds for COVID-19 suspects. All small, majority of medium (89%; 25/28), and 50% of large hospitals did not have a functional intensive care unit (ICU) at the time of study. Nasopharyngeal (NP)/throat swab kits were available in one-third (35/110), whereas viral transport media (VTM), portable fridge box, and refrigerator were available in one-fifth (20%) of hospitals. Only one hospital (large/tertiary) had a functional PCR machine. Except for General practitioners, other health cadres- crucial during pandemics, were low in number. On IPC measures, the supplies of simple face masks, gloves, and hand sanitizers were adequate in the majority of hospitals, however, N95-respirators, Filter masks, and PPE-suits were grossly lacking. Government COVID-19 support was unevenly distributed across provinces; health facilities in Province 2, Gandaki, and Province 5 received fewer resources than others. Our findings alert the Nepalese and other governments to act early and proactively during health emergencies and not wait until the disease disrupts their health systems. Other countries of similar economic levels may undertake similar surveys to measure and improve their pandemic response. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20097675 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20097675 id: cord-341397-gl8xzzdv author: Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V. title: Novel Temperature Trajectory Subphenotypes in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 words: 1395.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341397-gl8xzzdv.txt summary: In contrast to other common viral infections, COVID-19 presents unique challenges with high rates of hypoxemic respiratory failure, hyperinflammatory cytokine storm, coagulation abnormalities, and cardiac and renal dysfunction 2, 3 . We have previously published a novel method of identifying subphenotypes in hospitalized patients with all-cause infection using longitudinal body temperature measurements 6 . We hypothesize that using a similar approach specific to COVID-19 patients would identify subphenotypes with unique clinical characteristics and inflammatory and coagulation abnormalities. The primary outcome was 30-day inpatient mortality, which was modeled on subphenotype using Cox regression analysis, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and severity of illness. The high mortality rate seen in Group 1 and the organ dysfunction seen in Group 4 suggest that both subphenotypes have a dysregulated response to COVID-19. In conclusion, we found four distinct subphenotypes of COVID-19 patients with markedly different clinical characteristics and mortality rates. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220319565 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.027 id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 8308.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt summary: Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of COVID-19. There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. OBJECTIVE: Develop evidence-based rapid guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: IDSA formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. Process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS: The IDSA guideline panel agreed on 7 treatment recommendations and provided narrative summaries of other treatments undergoing evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa478 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478 id: cord-326171-xr2ufvyv author: Bhoori, Sherrie title: COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy date: 2020-04-09 words: 837.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326171-xr2ufvyv.txt summary: 1 Italy has witnessed, in the past month, an unexpectedly high rate of infection, with more than 100 000 patients testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a case-fatality rate close to 10% (as of March 31, 2020) 2 and therefore faces a worse scenario than in China, where the disease was first reported. A case series from Italy showed that children who had received liver transplants, despite being immunosuppressed, were not at increased risk of severe pulmonary disease compared with the general population. Post-transplant metabolic complications (eg, arterial hyper tension, chronic renal insufficiency, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and weight gain) might outweigh immuno suppression as a risk factor for development of severe COVID-19 disease in patients who have received liver transplants, in line with data from China, which suggest that comorbidities are associated with a worse prognosis. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468125320301163 doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30116-3 id: cord-257969-2tax8ajw author: Bhopal, Raj S. title: COVID-19 zugzwang: potential public health moves towards population (herd) immunity date: 2020-07-15 words: 4250.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257969-2tax8ajw.txt summary: Outlining potential public health actions, including hygiene measures, social distancing and face masks, and realistic future advances, this paper focuses on the consequences of taking no public health action; the role of natural changes such as weather; the adverse public health consequences of lockdowns; testing for surveillance and research purposes; testing to identify cases and contacts, including the role of antibody tests; the public health value of treatments; mobilising people who have recovered; population (a synonym for herd) immunity through vaccination and through natural infection; involving the entire population; and the need for public debate. People in these groups could minimise their risk of exposure to COVID-19, await effective vaccination and benefit indirectly as population immunity through natural infection increases (Column 2, table 1). The pandemic needs to be prevented from returning year-on-year, potentially more severely, especially in young people and children, and mandating repeated lockdowns.(3) We urgently need to consider all reasonable public health actions and plans (table 1) . abstract: Summary COVID-19 is pandemic, and likely to become endemic, possibly returning with greater virulence. Outlining potential public health actions, including hygiene measures, social distancing and face masks, and realistic future advances, this paper focuses on the consequences of taking no public health action; the role of natural changes such as weather; the adverse public health consequences of lockdowns; testing for surveillance and research purposes; testing to identify cases and contacts, including the role of antibody tests; the public health value of treatments; mobilising people who have recovered; population (a synonym for herd) immunity through vaccination and through natural infection; involving the entire population; and the need for public debate. Until there is a vaccine, population immunity is going to occur only from infection. Allowing infection in those at very low risk while making it safer for them and wider society needs consideration but is currently taboo. About 40-50% population immunity is sufficient to suppress an infection with a reproduction number of about 1 or slightly more. Importantly, in children and young people COVID-19 is currently rarely fatal, roughly comparable with influenza. The balance between the damage caused by COVID-19 and that caused by lockdowns needs quantifying. Public debate, including on population immunity, informed by epidemiological data, is now urgent. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666535220300306 doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100031 id: cord-263057-1pty32l1 author: Bhopal, Sunil title: Children''s mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers date: 2020-05-30 words: 803.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263057-1pty32l1.txt summary: title: Children''s mortality from COVID-19 compared with all-deaths and other relevant causes of death: epidemiological information for decision-making by parents, teachers, clinicians and policymakers We examined age-specific data on COVID-19 deaths which had been collated from official government sources for seven countries up to 8-19 May 2020 6 . We obtained estimated numbers of deaths from other causes from Global Burden of Disease estimates 7 except for influenza for which we examined official government statistical websites and extracted age-specific death counts for up to the last five years (2015-2019). For this time period, in these seven countries combined, 44 COVID-19 deaths were reported in 42,846 confirmed cases (this latter number is likely to be a massive underestimate; data were not available for France) in those aged 0-19 years (0-14 in USA). In children, at least in this wave of the pandemic and hopefully in the future, COVID-19 is a comparatively rare cause of death. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.047 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.047 id: cord-261840-hk5zi1lj author: Bhumireddy, Jayachandra title: Challenges and possible solutions in dental practice during and post COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 words: 1606.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261840-hk5zi1lj.txt summary: title: Challenges and possible solutions in dental practice during and post COVID-19 The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a significant impact on the oral healthcare profession, and dentists are reported to have a higher risk of transmission. There were many reported deaths of Challenge 3: Can I run my dental practice after the COVID-19 pandemic as I run it before? Additional changes are needed in the dental setting such as wide reception areas with social distancing between patients, employees, telephone triage, scheduling accurate necessary appointments, high level of disinfection, extra-oral high volume of the suction system, negative pressure rooms, strict sterilization protocols, strong adherence to the use of N-95 masks, and PPE (Meng et al. Although various infection control protocols had have been recommended to avoid transmission of COVID-19 disease in dental practice (Meng et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine abstract: The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a significant impact on the oral healthcare profession, and dentists are reported to have a higher risk of transmission. Aerosols and droplets are considered as primary reasons for the transmission of this infectious disease. Quality dental treatment may not be possible without the interference of aerosols in daily dental practice. However, dental societies and healthcare communities around the globe developed various protocols and algorithms with standard infection control protocols. Nevertheless, many unanswerable questions strike in dentist minds to start the dental practice during or post COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this review focuses on the common issues that raises in daily clinical practice and possible solutions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10983-x doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10983-x id: cord-290712-flj352ql author: Bi, Jianping title: Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-09-04 words: 1345.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290712-flj352ql.txt summary: title: Does Chemotherapy Reactivate SARS-CoV-2 in Cancer Patients Recovered from Prior COVID-19 Infection? Those studies mainly addressed whether chemotherapy could predict for hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. To address this knowledge gap, this study''s findings suggest that administering chemotherapy to this population is associated with a very low short-term risk of SARS-CoV-2 reactivation. Third, the duration of follow-up in this study was relatively short and it may take a longer period of time to determine immune-related alterations caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, when conservatively interpreted, our study indicates no overt short-term increase in the risk for SARS-CoV-2 reactivation following immunosuppressive chemotherapy in this uniquely vulnerable population. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that recovered COVID-19 cancer patients remain negative in the short-term for SARS-CoV-2 after delivery of chemotherapy. abstract: Recovered COVID-19 cancer patients remain negative for SARS-CoV-2 after delivery of chemotherapy url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32883679/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.02672-2020 id: cord-347260-7glhaow6 author: Bi, Xiaojie title: Prediction of severe illness due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of initial Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio and Platelet count date: 2020-05-05 words: 2270.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347260-7glhaow6.txt summary: This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI = 0.845–0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L. In this study, we compared the differences in the indexes of coagulation function and dynamic changes in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 to investigate the risk factors of developing severe disease. We then performed a novel Nomogram that integrated FAR and PLT count for 10-day non-severe survival and 20-day nonsevere survival to predict the disease progression for each COVID-19 (Figure 3a) . abstract: Concomitant coagulation disorder can occur in severe patients withCOVID-19, but in-depth studies are limited. This study aimed to describe the parameters of coagulation function of patients with COVID-19 and reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease. This study retrospectively analyzed 113patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Taizhou Public Health Center. Clinical characteristics and indexes of coagulation function were collected. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis, a Nomogram was built and the predictive accuracy was evaluated through the calibration curve, decision curve, clinical impact curve, and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated to assess the clinical value. The data showed that Fibrinogen, FAR, and D-dimer were higher in the severe patients, while PLTcount, Alb were much lower. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for disease progression. The optimal cutoff values for FAR and PLT count were 0.0883 and 135*10(9)/L, respectively. The C-index [0.712 (95% CI = 0.610–0.814)], decision curve, clinical impact curve showed that Nomogram could be used to predict the disease progression. In addition, the Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that potential risk decreased in patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L.The model showed a good negative predictive value [(0.9474 (95%CI = 0.845–0.986)].This study revealed that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors for severe illness and the severity of COVID-19 might be excluded when FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10(9)/L. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367765/ doi: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1760230 id: cord-259140-5ik10en4 author: Bianchetti, Angelo title: Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients date: 2020-05-15 words: 1225.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259140-5ik10en4.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09–3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. According to our data, the diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. abstract: OBJECTIVE: No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS: We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS: Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09–3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1389-1 doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1389-1 id: cord-277350-zwu254n6 author: Bianco, F. title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment date: 2020-05-24 words: 1544.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277350-zwu254n6.txt summary: title: Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined a list of AGMP, during which the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should be recommended for all involved theater staff [4, 5] . We report a retrospective case series of six COVID-19 positive male patients undergoing emergent surgical treatment for gastrointestinal complications. Considering the high risk of disease transmission during AGMP, we support the use of both PPE and AB to protect surgical staff during the current COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called “Aerosol Box” (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449034/ doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00818-2 id: cord-325448-rvamjcmx author: Bianco, F. title: Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 words: 404.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325448-rvamjcmx.txt summary: title: Acute intestinal ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen revealed the classic features of COVID-19 pneumonia as well as air fluid levels in the small bowel with associated mesenteric edema and peritoneal free fluid (Figs. The patient had an emergency laparotomy with evidence of segmental small bowel ischemia (Fig. 3a, b) . Ethical approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506344/ doi: 10.1007/s10151-020-02255-0 id: cord-338757-fsid4a39 author: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten title: This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 1443.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338757-fsid4a39.txt summary: The authors found that increased likelihood of exposure to the virus, increased susceptibility to severe consequences of the infection, and lack of health care access were all important contributors, and they concluded with pointed, domainspecific recommendations to mitigate these disparities. African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19, both nationally and in many of the areas hardest hit by the pandemic (2, 3) . We need robust data to guide these efforts, but better information must be coupled with urgent and effective action to decrease exposure, susceptibility, and limitations in health care to achieve the desired results. Achieving the desired population benefit of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will require an implementation strategy that addresses the current gaps in overall rates of adult vaccination, as well as specific issues in minority communities. Racial disparities in exposure, susceptibility, and access to health care in the US H1N1 influenza pandemic abstract: African Americans and Latinos are overrepresented among cases of and deaths from COVID-19 nationally and in many of the U.S. regions hardest hit by the pandemic. The editorialist discusses lessons that we should have learned from prior experiences and strategies to reduce observed disparities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343767/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2247 id: cord-353698-gj8sx3zy author: Bibiano-Guillen, C. title: Adapted Diving Mask (ADM) device as respiratory support with oxygen output during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-28 words: 3320.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353698-gj8sx3zy.txt summary: title: Adapted Diving Mask (ADM) device as respiratory support with oxygen output during COVID-19 pandemic The most extended therapeutic approach for COVID-19 is based on two main strategies [10] [11] [12] [13] : pharmacological treatment directed toward several physiological targets (viremia, immunological reactions, prothrombotic reactions) and hemodynamic and respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in addition to mechanical ventilation. A descriptive case series study of twenty-five patients with acute respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV2 infection was performed at a Spanish center, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor of Madrid, between March 30 and April 18, 2020. Table 4 shows the different variables used to analyze the improvement in the intervention and the mean value of all oxygen saturation measurements for all days that ADM therapy was used in those patients who prolonged its time of use. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720309396?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.043 id: cord-298744-paippv15 author: Biddlestone, Mikey title: Cultural orientation, power, belief in conspiracy theories, and intentions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 words: 3563.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298744-paippv15.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298744-paippv15.txt summary: Participants (n = 704) completed measures of individualism–collectivism, belief in conspiracy theories about COVID‐19, feelings of powerlessness, and intentions to engage in behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID‐19. Results revealed that vertical individualism negatively predicted intentions to engage in social distancing, directly and indirectly through both belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which belief in conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness mediate the relationship between cultural orientation and intentions to engage in behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the relationships between individualism-collectivism and engagement with behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID-19 would be mediated by both belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness. Vertical individualism, however, negatively predicted social distancing intentions, directly and indirectly through belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, standardized indirect effect = À.04 [À0.06, À0.02], and feelings of powerlessness, standardized indirect effect = À0.02 [À0.04, À0.01]. abstract: The current study investigated cultural and psychological factors associated with intentions to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. Participants (n = 704) completed measures of individualism–collectivism, belief in conspiracy theories about COVID‐19, feelings of powerlessness, and intentions to engage in behaviours that reduce the spread of COVID‐19. Results revealed that vertical individualism negatively predicted intentions to engage in social distancing, directly and indirectly through both belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and feelings of powerlessness. Vertical collectivism positively predicted social distancing intentions directly. Horizontal collectivism positively predicted social distancing intentions indirectly through feelings of powerlessness. Finally, horizontal collectivism positively predicted hygiene‐related intentions both directly and indirectly through lower feelings of powerlessness. These findings suggest that promoting collectivism may be a way to increase engagement with efforts to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. They also highlight the importance of examining the interplay between culture and both personal feelings (powerlessness) and information consumption (conspiracy theories) during times of crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592420/ doi: 10.1111/bjso.12397 id: cord-345809-tevi0sup author: Bidmead, Elaine title: Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay? date: 2020-08-22 words: 3440.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345809-tevi0sup.txt summary: 12 Healthcare staff members were permitted to use ''mobile messaging'' and ''video conferencing tools such as Skype, WhatsApp, Facetime,'' as well as to use personal devices to support remote consultation ''where there is no practical alternative.'' 12 Consequently, the use of telemedicine was perceived as an appropriate response to lockdown and resulted in increased use globally. The major concerns from our research are collated as follows 29 : (i) low confidence that the technology will work, or that support will be provided, (ii) dissonance with professional identity relating to issues of accountability and negative impacts on the staff-patient relationship-not comfortable with video distancing, missing out on body language cues, feeling of being deskilled, (iii) reduced job satisfaction (tiredness, eye strain, missing out on travel ''downtime'' between consultations, (iv) fears of job losses, (v) concerns that patients are being offered ''second best'' to reduce costs; (vi) concerns that some patients, particularly the elderly, will not be able to use the technology. abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the UK Covid-19 lockdown, video consultations (telemedicine) were encouraged. The extent of usage, and to which concerns to earlier implementation were set aside, is unknown; this is worthy of exploration as data becomes available. SOURCES OF DATA: Sources of data are as follows: published case studies, editorials, news articles and government guidance. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Video can be clinically effective, especially where patients cannot attend due to illness or infection risk. Patients are positive, and they can benefit from savings in time and money. Adoption of telemedicine is hindered by a range of known barriers including clinician resistance due to technological problems, disrupted routines, increased workload, decreased work satisfaction and organizational readiness. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Despite policy impetus and successful pilots, telemedicine has not been adopted at scale. GROWING POINTS: Increased use of telemedicine during the Covid-19 crisis presents opportunities to obtain robust evidence of issues and create service transformation effectively. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Examination of telemedicine use during the Covid-19 crisis to ensure that the benefits and usage continue into the post-lockdown, ‘new normal’ world. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldaa025 doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa025 id: cord-268809-plgip4h6 author: Bielecki, Michel title: Social distancing alters the clinical course of COVID-19 in young adults: A comparative cohort study date: 2020-06-29 words: 2609.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268809-plgip4h6.txt summary: We followed the number of infections in two spatially separated cohorts with almost identical baseline characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after implementation of stringent social distancing. To our knowledge, it is unknown if lowering the viral inoculum during infection with SARS-CoV-2 or altering the mode of infection by physical means can affect the clinical course of the disease. Here, we present an outbreak at a Swiss Army Base with two very similar groups infected prior and after the implementation of stringent social distancing and hygiene A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t measures (SDHMs). We describe an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infections in young, healthy soldiers in two spatially separated groups with almost identical baseline characteristics but different clinical courses. abstract: BACKGROUND: Social distancing and stringent hygiene seem effective in reducing the number of transmitted virus particles, and therefore the infectivity, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and could alter the mode of transmission of the disease. However, it is not known if such practices can change the clinical course in infected individuals. METHODS: We prospectively studied an outbreak of COVID-19 in Switzerland among a population of 508 predominantly male soldiers with a median age of 21 years. We followed the number of infections in two spatially separated cohorts with almost identical baseline characteristics with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before and after implementation of stringent social distancing. RESULTS: Of the 354 soldiers infected prior to the implementation of social distancing, 30% fell ill from COVID-19. While no soldier in a group of 154, in which infections appeared after implementation of social distancing, developed COVID-19 despite the detection of viral RNA in the nose and virus-specific antibodies within this group. CONCLUSIONS: Social distancing not only can slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of young, healthy adults but can also prevent the outbreak of COVID-19 while still inducing an immune response and colonizing nasal passages. Viral inoculum during infection or mode of transmission may be key factors determining the clinical course of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa889 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa889 id: cord-317795-689at1qx author: Bielicki, Julia A title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-23 words: 4876.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt summary: One of the greatest risks to the health-care system is a high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health-care workers and the consequent lack of skilled staff to ensure a functioning local or regional response to the pandemic. 5 National and international recommendations for risk assessment and management of hospital health-care staff working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are detailed and publicly available. Can rapidly deplete the workforce, particularly in cases of HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 exposing many colleagues or when there is uncontrolled community transmission, with HCWs exposed outside of the hospital; might not be relevant in settings where some level of PPE is universally recommended (eg, wearing surgical mask for all patient contacts) and there is high adherence to other IPC measures Specific recommendations for monitoring health-care workers for potential SARS-CoV-2 infection should be available for all staff who are expecting to see or currently managing patients with COVID-19. abstract: Health-care workers are crucial to any health-care system. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health-care workers are at a substantially increased risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and could come to considerable harm as a result. Depending on the phase of the pandemic, patients with COVID-19 might not be the main source of SARS-CoV-2 infection and health-care workers could be exposed to atypical patients, infected family members, contacts, and colleagues, or live in communities of active transmission. Clear strategies to support and appropriately manage exposed and infected health-care workers are essential to ensure effective staff management and to engender trust in the workplace. These management strategies should focus on risk stratification, suitable clinical monitoring, low-threshold access to diagnostics, and decision making about removal from and return to work. Policy makers need to support health-care facilities in interpreting guidance during a pandemic that will probably be characterised by fluctuating local incidence of SARS-CoV-2 to mitigate the impact of this pandemic on their workforce. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711692/ doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30458-8 id: cord-353235-jiqhgf56 author: Bigliardi, Guido title: Middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-09-08 words: 1062.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353235-jiqhgf56.txt summary: We present a clinical case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory symptoms, complicated with a pro-thrombotic state involving multiple vascular territories and concomitant interleukin-6 increase. Here, we report a case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed severe coagulopathy affecting both pulmonary and cerebral vessels. In the following days, the patient respiratory symptoms worsened with increasing need for oxygen therapy. Arterial and venous thrombotic events are recognized complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Klok et al. Of note, severe respiratory failure was heralded by a marked D-dimer increase 5 days earlier (Fig. 1) . This case underlines the importance of constant neurological monitoring in COVID-19 patients during ICU staying, especially in those with suspected thrombotic events, to detect possible neurological complications. High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 abstract: We present a clinical case of a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory symptoms, complicated with a pro-thrombotic state involving multiple vascular territories and concomitant interleukin-6 increase. This case underlines the possibility to develop a COVID-19-related coagulopathy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00898-1 doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00898-1 id: cord-269469-7pmnxi9a author: Bikdeli, Behnood title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: Randomized trials should set the balance between excitement and evidence date: 2020-10-08 words: 1060.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269469-7pmnxi9a.txt summary: [10] [11] [12] Such results were embraced by some clinicians and clinical institutions, leading to a change in their routine practice, including recommendations for escalated-dose prophylaxis in all, or some hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Multiple randomized trials have been registered and are at various stages of progress to identify the optimal antithrombotic therapy for outpatients, inpatients, and critically-ill patients with COVID-19. 18 In a pilot single-center study, the authors randomly The authors should be congratulated for completing the first randomized controlled trial of anticoagulant therapy in patients with COVID-19. Anticoagulation, Mortality, Bleeding and Pathology Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Single Health System Study Intermediate versus Standard-dose Prophylactic anticoagulation and Statin Therapy versus Placebo in Critically-ill Patients with COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the INSPIRATION/ INSPIRATION-S Studies Anticoagulant interventions in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials and call for international collaboration Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase II clinical trial (HESACOVID) abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.033 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.033 id: cord-288195-3lcs77uf author: Bilal, Mohammad title: What constitutes urgent endoscopy? A social media snapshot of gastroenterologists’ views during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 words: 3268.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288195-3lcs77uf.txt summary: Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scenario 3 included patients with a benign ampullary adenoma needing endoscopic resection, and 53.5 % of respondents voted this as semi-urgent in the current setting. Our results show that there is significant variability among gastroenterologists in regard to the timing of endoscopic procedures for semi-urgent indications during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background and study aims There is a consensus among gastroenterology organizations that elective endoscopic procedures should be deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the decision to perform urgent procedures and to defer entirely elective procedures is mostly evident, there is a wide “middle ground” of time-sensitive but not technically urgent or emergent endoscopic interventions. We aimed to survey gastroenterologists worldwide using Twitter to help elucidate these definitions using commonly encountered clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A 16-question survey was designed by the authors to include common clinical scenarios that do not have clear guidelines regarding the timing or urgency of endoscopic evaluation. This survey was posted on Twitter. The survey remained open to polling for 48 hours. During this time, multiple gastroenterologists and fellows with prominent social media presence were tagged to disseminate the survey. Results The initial tweet had 38,795 impressions with a total of 2855 engagements. There was significant variation in responses from gastroenterologists regarding timing of endoscopy in these semi-urgent scenarios. There were only three of 16 scenarios for which more than 70 % of gastroenterologists agreed on procedure-timing . For example, significant variation was noted in regard to timing of upper endoscopy in patients with melena, with 44.5 % of respondents believing that everyone with melena should undergo endoscopic evaluation at this time. Similarly, about 35 % of respondents thought that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should only be performed in patients with choledocholithiasis with abdominal pain or jaundice. Conclusion Our analysis shows that there is currently lack of consensus among gastroenterologists in regards to timing of semi-urgent or non-life-threatening procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for the ongoing development of societal guidance for these “semi-urgent” scenarios to help gastroenterologists in making difficult triage decisions. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1153-9014 doi: 10.1055/a-1153-9014 id: cord-303384-bgvagdft author: Bilinska, Katarzyna title: Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism date: 2020-07-16 words: 2173.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303384-bgvagdft.txt summary: Several very recent papers contributed to explaining the key cellular steps occurring in the olfactory epithelium leading to anosmia/hyposmia (collectively known as dysosmia) initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial hospital observations and early studies have suggested several possible mechanisms for the development of anosmia in COVID-19, including olfactory cleft syndrome, nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, cytokine storm, direct damage to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), and impairment of the olfactory perception centers in the brain. The current model of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 is based on the already proven observation that SUS cells are the primary target of the virus and that SUSs infection initiates a series of events leading to dysosmia. Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients. abstract: It has become clear since the pandemic broke out that SARS-CoV-2 virus causes reduction of smell and taste in a significant fraction of COVID-19 patients. The olfactory dysfunction often occurs early in the course of the disease, and sometimes it is the only symptom in otherwise asymptomatic carriers. The cellular mechanisms for these specific olfactory disturbances in COVID-19 are now beginning to be elucidated. Several very recent papers contributed to explaining the key cellular steps occurring in the olfactory epithelium leading to anosmia/hyposmia (collectively known as dysosmia) initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Viewpoint, we discuss current progress in research on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and we also propose an updated model of the SARS-CoV-2-induced dysosmia. The emerging central role of sustentacular cells and inflammatory processes in the olfactory epithelium are particularly considered. The proposed model of anosmia in COVID-19 does not answer unequivocally whether the new coronavirus exploits the olfactory route to rapidly or slowly reach the brain in COVID-19 patients. To answer this question, new systematic studies using an infectious virus and appropriate animal models are needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00406 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00406 id: cord-281448-e1zgqqqu author: Billah, M. A. title: Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence date: 2020-05-26 words: 3103.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281448-e1zgqqqu.txt summary: title: Reproductive number of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence This study aims to provide the average reproductive number of COVID-19 based on available global level evidence. Methods We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct) to find studies reported the reproductive number of COVID-19. Narrative synthesis was used to explain the studies included and the meta-analysis was used to estimate the average reproduction number of COVID-19. Of the 30 studies included in this review reported different reproductive numbers ( high-heterogeneity (99.5%) ( Figure 3 ). Moreover, we have considered the heterogeneity of the reproductive numbers estimated worldwide and explored the sources of heterogeneity across selected studies'' characteristics. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111021 doi: medRxiv preprint may overestimate or under-estimate the actual reproductive number of COVID-19. abstract: Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) is now a global concern because of its higher transmission capacity and associated adverse consequences including death. The reproductive number of COVID-19 provides an estimate on the possible extent of the transmission. This study aims to provide the average reproductive number of COVID-19 based on available global level evidence. Methods We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct) to find studies reported the reproductive number of COVID-19. The searches were conducted using a pre-specified search strategy that includes keywords of COVID-19 and its reproductive number related terms, which were combined using the Boolean operators. Narrative synthesis was used to explain the studies included and the meta-analysis was used to estimate the average reproduction number of COVID-19. Results Total of 30 studies included in this review whereas 24 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The average estimated reproductive number was 2.70 (95% CI, 2.21-3.30). We found evidence of very high heterogeneity (99.5%) of the reproductive numbers reported in the included studies. The highest reproductive number was reported for Diamond Princes Cruise Ship, Japan (14.8). In the country-level, the higher reproductive number was reported for France (R, 6.32, 95% CI, 5.72-6.98) following Germany (R, 6.07, 95% CI, 5.51-6.69) and Spain (R, 5.08, 95% CI, 4.50-5.73). We also found estimation models, methods, and the number of cases considered to estimate reproductive number were played a role in arising the heterogeneity of the estimated reproductive number. Conclusion The estimated reproductive number indicates an exponential increase of COVID-19 infection in the coming days. Comprehensive policies and programs are important to reduce new infections as well as the associated adverse consequences including death. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111021 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111021 id: cord-314468-9anuq5bt author: Billig, Jessica I. title: The Compounding Access Problem for Surgical Care: Innovations in the Post-COVID Era date: 2020-06-02 words: 1142.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314468-9anuq5bt.txt summary: 1 Long delays in care for essential non-urgent surgery, including cancer operations, can lead to lower overall survival and higher complication rates. As we surface from the COVID-19 pandemic, surgeons will face the dilemma of scarce operative resources (i.e.: time, operating room space, surgical workforce, etc.) and how best to provide for the multitude of patients who had their surgical care delayed. Expansion of surgical access will need to be in the context of continuing COVID-related constraints, including limited hospital bed and intensive care unit capacity and a possible "second wave" of infections. Given this compounded access problem, we need to evaluate Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. What new strategies are needed to improve access to surgical care in the post-COVID-19 era? Telehealth can improve access to surgical care through minimizing patient travel, obviating the need for significant time off of work, and promoting flexibility in time of day that visits are scheduled. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32433290/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004085 id: cord-262987-7h91n9ro author: Bin Traiki, Thamer A. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes: A retrospective and cross sectional study date: 2020-08-21 words: 3326.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262987-7h91n9ro.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. In light of the above, systematized research is needed to understand the change, if any, in the dynamics of patient care, satisfaction, and post-surgical outcomes with regards to revised infrastructure and policies in hospitals in the wake of infectious pandemics like COVID-19. During study period, there were confirmed COVID-19 cases among health care workers (5 cases) and patients (11 cases) in our hospital, and the hospital administration implemented new polices and strict preventative measures to minimize the rate of adverse surgical outcomes among patients, which is also confirmed by the higher level of patient''s satisfaction as detailed above. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected health care systems across developing and developed countries. Therefore, it is important to understand its impact on various parameters of patient care as regards revised infrastructure and policies in hospitals during the pandemic. METHOD: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 13-3–2020 to 26-4-2020 at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: 331 participants were included in the study (median age: 53 years; 70% female), and 223 completed the patient's satisfaction survey. 260 of the surgeries were non-oncolog cases (78.6%) compared to 71 oncology cases (21.4%). With respect to the surgical outcomes, 12% of the patients required admission to the ICU, and 10.9% developed postoperative complications, most of which were infectious complications. Only 1.8% (6 patients) were re-admitted to the hospital. Three patients died within 30 days post-op (0.9%), all had emergency surgery. Regarding patient satisfaction, 77.6% and 93% of the patients reported that nurses and doctors, respectively, treated them with courtesy and respect, listened to them carefully, and provided clear explanations to them. 90.3% were satisfied with the hospital sanitary measures. 64.1% stated that they got written instructions at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION: The satisfaction level of patients was high for all the studied domains, and there were a small number of complications with overall good surgical outcomes. That indicates that all the actions and policies that were implemented during the pandemic were proven beneficial for the patients. It is recommended to continue those measures until the COVID-19 pandemic is over. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.020 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.020 id: cord-278881-bj5ebk2s author: Binagwaho, Agnes title: Changing the COVID-19 Narrative in Africa: Using an Implementation Research Lens to Understand Successes and Plan for Challenges Ahead date: 2020-08-19 words: 2415.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt summary: Implementation research is a tool that can be used by countries to learn how to identify and understand contextual factors impacting COVID-19 prevention and control and select evidence-based interventions and strategies known to reduce spread of the virus. Implementation research is a tool that can be used by countries to learn how to identify and understand contextual factors impacting COVID-19 prevention and control and select evidence-based interventions and strategies known to reduce spread of the virus. Implementation science methods can serve to develop knowledge at a country and regional level on how to identify, utilize, and address these and other contextual factors, and inform relevant evidence-based interventions and implementation strategies. The responses in these countries show that effective outbreak prevention is not due to the strength of the health system, but more the ability to identify and address the right contextual factors, with strong leadership, when rapidly and effectively implementing evidence-based interventions [11, 12] . abstract: Despite predictions that the number of deaths in Africa due to COVID-19 will reach 10 million, overall, the continent has reported relatively few cases compared to the rest of the world. Many African countries have been successful in containing initial outbreaks by rapidly using evidence-based interventions through implementation strategies adapted from other countries’ COVID-19 response as well as from prior epidemics. However, it is unclear whether these interventions will lead to long-term and complete success in stopping COVID-19 spread. Implementation research is a tool that can be used by countries to learn how to identify and understand contextual factors impacting COVID-19 prevention and control and select evidence-based interventions and strategies known to reduce spread of the virus. We identify seven key contextual factors that are facilitators or barriers to implementation of these interventions, and several strategies that can be leveraged if the factor is present or ones to strengthen if weak to improve implementation. These factors are: a culture of accountability, national coordination, financial stability of the population, culture of innovation, culture and capacity for research, health systems strength, and cross-border economies. Implementation science methods can serve to develop knowledge at a country and regional level on how to identify, utilize, and address these and other contextual factors, and inform relevant evidence-based interventions and implementation strategies. This approach can support African countries’ ability to address key challenges as they arise, both in fighting COVID-19 and future health systems challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3001 doi: 10.5334/aogh.3001 id: cord-313728-08kwkbmd author: Binda, Barbara title: Follow-up and Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients During the COVID-19 Lockdown: the experience of an Italian Transplant Center, Including Two Cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-28 words: 3208.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313728-08kwkbmd.txt summary: Conclusion In the context of a lockdown, such as that occurring in response to COVID-19, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in kidney transplant recipients, with the help of any available technology, and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed. In this article, we report the strategy implemented by our KT transplant center in Central Italy to maintain follow-up of KT recipients during the lockdown response to COVID-19. Both of our COVID-19 patients had several risk factors for an unfavorable outcome of the infection: chronic immunosuppression, advanced age, cardiovascular chronic disease and, in one case, diabetes. Consistent with this, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in fragile populations, such as transplant recipients, with the help of any available technology (e-mail, phone calls, video calls) as soon as possible, and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 is a new infectious disease which emerged in China in late 2019 and is now spreading around the world. Social distancing measures were needed to reduce transmission, and lockdown included restricted access to healthcare facilities. The impact of COVID-19 on transplant recipients is unknown but, considering their immunosuppression status and associated comorbidities, they should be considered a high risk population. Methods A kidney transplant center in Central Italy implemented a strategy to maintain follow-up of kidney transplant recipients by phone and e-mail during lockdown. Telephone interviews were used administer a clinical questionnaire to patients, and e-mail was used to receive the results of diagnostic tests conducted in outpatient settings. Results From March 17 to April 23, 2020, a total of 143 kidney transplant recipients were contacted. Twenty-eight patients needed in-hospital consultation for problems unrelated to COVID-19, 3 of whom needed hospitalization. Eleven patients were managed at home for mild urinary or respiratory diseases, and one was referred to the hematologist. We identified 2 suspected cases of COVID-19 infection, and referred them to hospital care. Immunosuppressive therapy was modulated, and intravenous corticosteroids and potentially effective antiviral therapy were administered, with a favorable outcome. Conclusion In the context of a lockdown, such as that occurring in response to COVID-19, we suggest implementing remote surveillance programs in kidney transplant recipients, with the help of any available technology, and offering medical consulting and logistic support as needed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0041134520325902 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.06.026 id: cord-303718-7bpap31f author: Binder, Adam F. title: Treating Hematologic Malignancies During a Pandemic: Utilizing Telehealth and Digital Technology to Optimize Care date: 2020-06-26 words: 3122.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303718-7bpap31f.txt summary: These measures have challenged cancer centers to develop strategies to continue to provide appropriate care while minimizing risk of infection for both patients and healthcare teams. These strategies include workflow processes to create an environment to allow for social distancing; operational models to ensure access to appropriate screening, testing, and personal protective equipment; treatment modifications, such as personalizing timing of cancer treatment based on emerging national and international guidelines and the specific characteristics of the patient''s disease, underlying morbidities, and risk; and care decentralization, enabling patients to shelter in place while continuing to receive the care they need (9) . The swift adoption of decentralization strategies like telehealth visits, home-based care, and remote patient monitoring can allow physicians treating hematologic malignancies to maintain care while mitigating the risk of nosocomial SARS-COV-2 infection. abstract: In late January 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) was reported as an outbreak in Wuhan, China. Within 2 months it became a global pandemic. Patients with cancer are at highest risk for both contracting and suffering complications of its resultant disease, Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19). Healthcare systems across the world had to adapt quickly to mitigate this risk, while continuing to provide potentially lifesaving treatment to patients. Bringing care to the home through the use of telehealth, home based chemotherapy, and remote patient monitoring technologies can help minimize risk to the patient and healthcare workers without sacrificing quality of care delivered. These care models provide the right treatment, to the right patient, at the right time, in the right place. Whether these patient-centered models of care will continue to be embraced by key stakeholders after the pandemic remains uncertain. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32676459/ doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01183 id: cord-310455-asu17dea author: Binkin, Nancy title: Protecting our health care workers while protecting our communities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of approaches and early outcomes in two Italian regions, Italy, 2020 date: 2020-04-14 words: 4204.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310455-asu17dea.txt summary: Methods We used numerator and denominator data from public Italian government sources to calculate reported rates of COVID-19 testing/1000, COVID-19 cases/100,000 overall and for health care workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs, deaths per 100,000, and the percent of cases admitted to hospitals and ICUs for February 24-April 1, 2020. Discussion The community-based approach in Veneto appears to be associated with substantially reduced rates of cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and infection in HCWs compared with the patient-centered approach in Lombardy. In this observational study, we present the key elements of Veneto''s community-based approach and compare rates of case-finding, number of cases, hospitalization, deaths, and health care worker (HCW) and non-HCW infections between Lombardy and Veneto. 10.20060707 doi: medRxiv preprint Health authorities in Veneto identified hospitals and convalescent centers that would care for COVID-19 cases, doubled the region''s ICU capacity and obtained an adequate number of ventilators. abstract: Introduction Italy, which has been hard-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, has an overriding national strategy, but its 21 regions have adapted their response based on the organization of their curative and public health services. In this paper, we compare outcomes for two northern Italian regions which had almost simultaneous initial outbreaks: Lombardy, which had a patient-centered approach that relied on primary care physicians and hospital care, and Veneto, which focused on community-based diagnosis and care. Methods We used numerator and denominator data from public Italian government sources to calculate reported rates of COVID-19 testing/1000, COVID-19 cases/100,000 overall and for health care workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs, deaths per 100,000, and the percent of cases admitted to hospitals and ICUs for February 24-April 1, 2020. Results As of April 1, 2020, Lombardy experienced 44,733 cases and 7,539 deaths; for Veneto, the corresponding values were 9,625 and 499. The cumulative case rate was 445/100,000 for Lombardy and 196/100,000 for Veneto, a 2.3-fold difference. Mortality rates were 7.5 times higher in Lombardy than in Veneto (75/100,000 and 10/100,000, respectively). Cumulative rates of testing were nearly twice as high in Veneto and were 2.7 times higher in the first week of the epidemic. In Lombardy, 51.5% of patients were admitted, including, 5.2% to intensive care units; for Veneto, the corresponding figures were 25.1% and 4.3%, respectively. HCWs account for 14.3% of all cases in Lombardy compared with 4.4% in Veneto. In Lombardy, the rate among HCWs was 19.1 times higher than in the general population (6,924 versus 362 per 100,000), while in Veneto it was 3.9 times higher (676 versus 172/100,000). Discussion The community-based approach in Veneto appears to be associated with substantially reduced rates of cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and infection in HCWs compared with the patient-centered approach in Lombardy. Our findings suggest that the impact of COVID-19 can be reduced through strong and aggressive public health efforts to confirm and isolate cases and contacts in a timely way and to minimize unnecessary contact between HCWs and cases through home-based testing and pro-active home follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060707 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060707 id: cord-336115-7ykvl3u6 author: Binns, Colin title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health and Epidemiology date: 2020-05-19 words: 3560.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336115-7ykvl3u6.txt summary: The history of public health contains a number of examples of infectious diseases that were initially thought to have had a very high CFR only for it to be revised downward later. 11 A disease that has a high transmission rate and is very severe is the greatest public health risk. COVID-19 has a high transmission rate, and the CFR appears to be greater than for influenza epidemics, and it is, therefore, potentially a major public health threat. In February, the CFR for COVID-19 infection was estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be 2%, much lower than for MERS and SARS, but estimates of the CFR have changed over time as the criteria for counting the number of cases in the denominator has changed to include very mild or even asymptomatic infections. Modeling of the role of contact tracing and case isolation suggest that these are effective in the control of epidemics such as COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429675/ doi: 10.1177/1010539520929223 id: cord-303811-vr5nao8w author: Binson, Guillaume title: Preparation and physicochemical stability of 50 mg/ml hydroxychloroquine oral suspension in Syrspend pH4 dry date: 2020-10-16 words: 3055.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303811-vr5nao8w.txt summary: Finally, use of the proposed oral suspension provides a reliable solution to perform safe and accurate administration of hydroxychloroquine to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Matrix effect was assessed comparing calibration curves prepared in water versus calibration curves obtained using Syrspend® SF PH4 Dry. Dilution was performed using water solution containing 0.1% of the suspending vehicle in order to mimic the exact composition of samples obtained after dilution of the oral suspensions before HPLC-UV analysis. According to the doses proposed for COVID-19 patients (from 100 mg to 600 mg per dose) we chose to prepare oral liquid dosage forms at a target concentration (50 mg/mL) higher than the formulations proposed by McHenry et al., thereby reducing by a factor of two the volume of administration required. In light of all this, the compounded oral liquid formulation proposed in this study provides an appropriate and easy to use dosage form for oral hydroxychloroquine treatment, enabling safe and accurate hydroxychloroquine dose administration to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, hydroxychloroquine has been proposed as a potential agent to treat COVID-19 patients. Older adults are more susceptible to COVID-19 and some patients may require admission in intensive care units, where oral drug administration of solid forms may be compromised in many COVID-19 patients. However, liquid formulation of hydroxychloroquine is not commercially available. This study describes how to prepare a 50 mg/mL hydroxychloroquine oral suspension using hydroxychloroquine sulfate powder and Syrspend SF dry pH4® suspending vehicle. Moreover, a fully validated stability indicating method has been developed to demonstrate the physicochemical stability of the compounded hydroxychloroquine oral suspension over 60 days under refrigeration (5 ± 3°C). Finally, use of the proposed oral suspension provides a reliable solution to perform safe and accurate administration of hydroxychloroquine to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920304076?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106201 id: cord-259014-kl31nvdm author: Binyamin, Y. title: Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 words: 949.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259014-kl31nvdm.txt summary: title: Israel National Obstetric Anesthesia WhatsApp group as a communication tool, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic We investigated our WhatsApp group messages and compared the discussions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic became a concern in Israel. Likewise, we sent a questionnaire before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to ask members about the benefits of the WhatsApp group. A study published by a group of gynecologists describing their use of a WhatsApp group reported the mean time to first response was 52 min. described the introduction of key performance indicators (KPI) for pre-hospital emergency anesthesia and used WhatsApp to invite clinicians to participate in a web based survey about the KPI review and reporting process. 4, 5 In conclusion, we report that group members found the use of a professional WhatsApp group provides rapid useful clinical information, particularly in a crisis period such as the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0959289X20301291 doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.10.001 id: cord-340713-v5sdowb7 author: Bird, Jordan J. title: Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data: A machine learning approach date: 2020-10-28 words: 5669.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340713-v5sdowb7.txt summary: The three four-class classification problems are then explored and benchmarked through leave-one-country-out cross validation to find the strongest model, producing a Stack of Gradient Boosting and Decision Tree algorithms for risk of transmission, a Stack of Support Vector Machine and Extra Trees for risk of mortality, and a Gradient Boosting algorithm for the risk of inability to test. The classification problem of risk is therefore formulated based on prior knowledge of the pandemic in terms of class only, but the attributes to attempt to classify them are purely country-level information regardless of number of cases, deaths and other coronavirus specific data. Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data Fig 10 shows a comparison of other models that were explored. Country-level pandemic risk and preparedness classification based on COVID-19 data Table 1 shows the predicted class values for the best models applied to each of the respective risk classification problems. abstract: In this work we present a three-stage Machine Learning strategy to country-level risk classification based on countries that are reporting COVID-19 information. A K% binning discretisation (K = 25) is used to create four risk groups of countries based on the risk of transmission (coronavirus cases per million population), risk of mortality (coronavirus deaths per million population), and risk of inability to test (coronavirus tests per million population). The four risk groups produced by K% binning are labelled as ‘low’, ‘medium-low’, ‘medium-high’, and ‘high’. Coronavirus-related data are then removed and the attributes for prediction of the three types of risk are given as the geopolitical and demographic data describing each country. Thus, the calculation of class label is based on coronavirus data but the input attributes are country-level information regardless of coronavirus data. The three four-class classification problems are then explored and benchmarked through leave-one-country-out cross validation to find the strongest model, producing a Stack of Gradient Boosting and Decision Tree algorithms for risk of transmission, a Stack of Support Vector Machine and Extra Trees for risk of mortality, and a Gradient Boosting algorithm for the risk of inability to test. It is noted that high risk for inability to test is often coupled with low risks for transmission and mortality, therefore the risk of inability to test should be interpreted first, before consideration is given to the predicted transmission and mortality risks. Finally, the approach is applied to more recent risk levels to data from September 2020 and weaker results are noted due to the growth of international collaboration detracting useful knowledge from country-level attributes which suggests that similar machine learning approaches are more useful prior to situations later unfolding. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241332 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241332 id: cord-285946-1q4k5bnh author: Birk, Rubinder title: Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study date: 2020-09-23 words: 3336.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285946-1q4k5bnh.txt summary: authors: Birk, Rubinder; Shaw, Dominick; Kennedy, Cheika; Higashi, Yutaro; Patel, Roma; Gupta, Ayushman; Au-Yong, Iain title: Low detection rate of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-centre UK study The study group consisted of patients considered COVID-19 positive based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and CTPA findings. The study cohort included all patients attending ED who underwent CTPA on the NUH COVID-19 pathway in whom a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab or with high suspicion of COVID-19 on CT (irrespective of clinical presentation). We therefore also studied a separate smaller cohort of 50 consecutive patients presenting to ED at our institution undergoing CTPA for suspected PE before the coronavirus pandemic in September 2019 (control group 2). PE prevalence in the study group was significantly lower when compared to patients in control group 1 undergoing CTPA for suspected PE only who had no CT features of COVID-19, p = 0.018. abstract: PURPOSE: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of thrombosis. There are limited data on PE rates in COVID-19 patients at presentation to the emergency department (ED). In this study we evaluated the detection rates of PE in patients presenting to the ED with suspected and proven COVID-19. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective study was undertaken of 285 consecutive patients undergoing CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) in the Emergency Department at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust in the UK between 25th March and 30th April 2020. At our institution, CTPA is performed in all patients undergoing CT for triage. The study group consisted of patients considered COVID-19 positive based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and CTPA findings. The detection rate of PE in COVID-19 patients was compared to patients undergoing CTPA for suspected PE only and for suspected COVID-19 with no COVID CT findings and negative PCR (control group 1); and CTPAs prior to the coronavirus pandemic (control group 2). RESULTS: 1/48 patients in the study group had a PE (2%) compared to 25/215 (12%) in control group 1 and 10/50 (20%) in control group 2. Prevalence of PE in the study group was lower than in control group 1 (p=0.058) and compared to control group 2 (p=0.005). 11 patients undergoing CTPA had negative PCR but positive CT for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Detection rate of pulmonary embolus is low in patients with COVID-19 undergoing CTPA on a triage pathway. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036814/ doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.014 id: cord-270614-4q7itegc author: Bisaillon, Laura title: Clever COVID-19, Clever Citizens-98: Critical and Creative Reflections from Tehran, Toronto, and Sydney date: 2020-08-25 words: 2912.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270614-4q7itegc.txt summary: We argue that reflexive comparative analysis bridging social and visual analysis, anchored in embodied conditions of such people, offers a way to learn from responses to COVID-19 while also being an exercise in ethical research practice. We argue that reflexive comparative analysis bridging social and visual analysis, anchored in embodied conditions of such people, offers a way to learn from responses to COVID-19 while also being an exercise in ethical research practice. Such rituals have been repeated for millennia, and there are local and regional variations in the way people in Iran and its bordering countries and their diasporas enact Nowruz and the haft seen. This is a new Fig. 1 Separate, but together: Changing haft seen and Nowruz practices to care for each other within conditions imposed by COVID-19 experience for us, who have shared a roof for more than a decade. abstract: Our world suffers. Some people suffer more than others. Since the first part of 2020, ours is justly described as a time of uncertainty, threat, and upheaval. In this article, we offer reflections threaded narratively, told from the specificity of our societal contexts in Iran, Canada, and Australia. What might we learn in the present and anticipated future from people living chronically within conditions of uncertainty and immobility and also those experiencing uncertainty and immobility for the first time? We argue that reflexive comparative analysis bridging social and visual analysis, anchored in embodied conditions of such people, offers a way to learn from responses to COVID-19 while also being an exercise in ethical research practice. This reflection builds on and extends from our scholarly collaborations that have been ongoing since 2015. Our title recognizes this specific virus as stealthy. Importantly, our choice of words identifies resident Iranians—whose experiences were the original impetuses for this paper, and whose lives provide its empirical basis (98 is Iran’s country code)—as equally steely. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840857/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10032-9 id: cord-325226-8zrtjuwf author: Biswas, Raaj Kishore title: Underreporting COVID-19: the curious case of the Indian subcontinent date: 2020-09-11 words: 2598.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325226-8zrtjuwf.txt summary: In the meantime, academic studies started making inferences on the COVID-19 response effectiveness through comparing the disease prevalence and fatality rates between higher and lower income nations in order to investigate the curious case of low COVID-19 infection rates among the LMICs. Conducting research on LMICs with limited data could often lead to erroneous findings and biased interpretations, which is becoming a concern with the avalanche of studies published daily. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are among the worst 20 countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of total number of cases; however, they are ranked 138, 139 and 147, respectively, in tests per million population, as of 18 June 2020 [1] . This lack of testing capabilities during the early days accompanied by the limited protective gears for health personnel and low implementation capacity related to the response of such pandemics could have concealed the true rate of infection and disease spread in the LMICs of the ISC. abstract: COVID-19 has spread across the globe with higher burden placed in Europe and North America. However, the rate of transmission has recently picked up in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. There is a severe underreporting bias in the existing data available from these countries mostly due to the limitation of resources and accessibility. Most studies comparing cross-country cases or fatalities could fail to account for this systematic bias and reach erroneous conclusions. This paper provides several recommendations on how to effectively tackle these issues regarding data quality, test coverage and case counts. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002095 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002095 id: cord-282899-kp114q7n author: Biswas, Saurav title: Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery date: 2020-11-06 words: 2501.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282899-kp114q7n.txt summary: Considering the above facts and recent unusual reports, a hypothesis develops for the blood clots formation in the COVID-19 patients (Figure 1) , states that "Due to an internal injury in the endothelium of blood vessels, either directly by SARS-CoV-2 infection (coexpression and binding of the spike protein with the ACE2) or my virus-mediated inflammatory immune response, may result in vasoconstriction and the activation of coagulation and blood clotting pathways, resulting in the formation of blood clots". During COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 enters into the systemic circulation and binds with the ACE2 expressing endothelial cells (endothelium) lining the blood vessels. SO, in COVID-19 patients, the SARS-CoV-2 mediated endothelial inflammation, thrombin generation, platelet, and leukocyte recruitment, complement activation, and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses, forming clots, culminate in immunothrombosis, ultimately resulting in thrombotic complications, stroke, and finally death. abstract: The universal phenomenon of blood clotting is well known to be protective in external cellular/ tissue injury. However, the emergence of unusual thrombotic presentations in COVID-19 patients is the real concern. Interaction of the spike glycoprotein with ACE2 receptor present in the host cell surface mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 infection. New clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are coming out every day, and one such mystery is the formation of mysterious blood clots in the various tissues and organs of COVID-19 patients, which needs critical attention. To address this issue, we hypothesis that, high ACE2 expression in the endothelium of blood vessels facilitates the high-affinity binding of SARS-CoV-2 using spike protein, causing infection and internal injury inside the vascular wall of blood vessels. This viral associated injury may directly/indirectly initiate activation of coagulation and clotting cascades forming internal blood clots. However, the presence of these clots is undesirable as they are responsible for thrombosis and need to be treated with anti-thrombotic intervention. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S030698772033262X doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110371 id: cord-288787-9g2vpdj3 author: Bitonti, Giovanna title: Being an Obstetrics and Gynaecology Resident during the COVID-19: Impact of the Pandemic on the residency training program date: 2020-08-01 words: 2683.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288787-9g2vpdj3.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy This was a cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. This cross-sectional survey study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. Findings from the survey showed that among Italian residents in obstetrics and gynecology, COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant training impairment. In summary, among Italian residents COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable negative impact on obstetrics and gynecology residency training program. abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in Italy. An online survey with 45 questions was sent and completed anonymously by residents after accepting an informed consent. The invitation to the online survey was sent to all the Italian residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Those on maternity leave at the time of the study were excluded. Residents were asked about their routinely activity before the COVID-19 pandemic, and to report the reduction in their clinical practice. They were also asked about psychological impact of COVID-19 on their clinical practice. RESULTS: 933 Italian residents in obstetrics and gynecology, were invited for this survey study. Four-hundred and seventy-six (51%) completed the survey and were included in the study. Three-hundred and eighty-seven (81.3%) were female, and 89 (18.7%) were male. Residents age ranged from 25 to 42. In 71,8% (342/476) of the cases residents work in a COVID-19 reference Hospitals. One-hundred and eighty-four out of 76 residents (38.6%) were tested on RT-PCR assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens, and of them 12/184 (6.5%) were positive to SARS-COV-2. Regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 267 (56.1%) reported to receive adequate device, and 379 (79.6%) felt to be well informed about prevention and management protocols. Three-hundred and thirty-one residents (69.5%) reported to have managed COVID-19 positive patients. For 54,7% of respondent residents, training activity in general decreased significantly during the COVID-19 epidemic. A one-third reduction was reported in 31,4% of the cases, whereas a total suspension of the training in 9,9% of the cases. In 89,3% of cases the reduction was caused by the reorganization of work. Anxiety about the professional future was reported in 84% of the residents, and 59% of them had the perception that their training was irreversibly compromised. CONCLUSIONS: Among Italian residents in obstetrics and gynecology, COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant training impairment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030121152030498X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.057 id: cord-308616-tyd50s4m author: Bizri, Abdul Rahman title: COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insult Over Injury for Lebanon date: 2020-07-13 words: 4034.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308616-tyd50s4m.txt summary: 1422 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and reported in Lebanon by June 13th, 2020, comprising an incidence rate of 208/million persons. In this descriptive analysis we attempt to assess the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Lebanese population relevant to: (1) the number of cases and attributed mortality, date of infection, district, gender and age distribution, (2) its impact on the healthcare, economic, and educational sectors, and the psychological trauma associated with the fear from infection and stress of quarantine. The impact of COVID-19 further extended beyond morbidity and mortality, and affected the health, socioeconomic and educational sectors of the country, as well as the psychological welfare of the population. In addition, strict measures were undertaken by the Lebanese government, and these included testing all people possibly exposed by travel-related affairs, or showing symptoms as per World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) caused a plethora of challenges worldwide and tested healthcare systems across the six continents. Lebanon had recently faced harsh political and economic crises. We aim to describe the effect of COVID-19 on an already crisis-stricken country. A descriptive analysis of the burden of COVID-19 pandemic on Lebanon was performed. Relevant data on COVID-19 was retrieved from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health from February 21 till June 13th, 2020. Results obtained were analyzed and a literature review was performed. 1422 confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified and reported in Lebanon by June 13th, 2020, comprising an incidence rate of 208/million persons. There has been a total of 31 deaths thus far, with a reported death rate of 5/million persons. The age group with the highest number of cases was 20–29 years. Beirut was the district with the highest number of cases (18%). The COVID-19 crisis has impacted the country on a multifactorial level. COVID-19 could not have come at a worse time for Lebanon. The country is on brink of bankruptcy, the healthcare system is struggling for survival and the government is striving to regain the trust of the population. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00884-y doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00884-y id: cord-318944-13zk6cco author: Bizzoca, Maria Eleonora title: Covid-19 Pandemic: What Changes for Dentists and Oral Medicine Experts? A Narrative Review and Novel Approaches to Infection Containment date: 2020-05-27 words: 11691.0 sentences: 617.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318944-13zk6cco.txt summary: The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (prevs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The precautions for infection control require wearing gloves, aprons, as well as eye and mouth protection (goggles and mask, such as medical masks and Filtering Face Piece or FPP) for each procedure involving direct contact with the patient body fluids. abstract: The authors performed a narrative review on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- CoronaVirus-2 ( SARS-CoV-2) and all infectious agents with the primary endpoints to illustrate the most accepted models of safety protocols in dentistry and oral medicine, and to propose an easy view of the problem and a comparison (pre- vs post-COVID19) for the most common dental procedures. The outcome is forecast to help dentists to individuate for a given procedure the differences in terms of safety protocols to avoid infectious contagion (by SARS-CoV-2 and others dangerous agents). An investigation was performed on the online databases Pubmed and Scopus using a combination of free words and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms: “dentist” OR “oral health” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “coronavirus-19”. After a brief excursus on all infectious agents transmittable at the dental chair, the authors described all the personal protective equipment (PPE) actually on the market and their indications, and on the basis of the literature, they compared (before and after COVID-19 onset) the correct safety procedures for each dental practice studied, underlining the danger of underestimating, in general, dental cross-infections. The authors have highlighted the importance of knowing exactly the risk of infections in the dental practice, and to modulate correctly the use of PPE, in order to invest adequate financial resources and to avoid exposing both the dental team and patients to preventable risks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471083/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113793 id: cord-285435-fu90vb2z author: Björklund, Tua A. title: Expanding entrepreneurial solution spaces in times of crisis: Business model experimentation amongst packaged food and beverage ventures date: 2020-11-30 words: 6817.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285435-fu90vb2z.txt summary: Examining 844 social media posts of 66 ventures between March and May 2020 and interviewing 17 of these ventures, we found ventures to experiment with new business model variations, which not only expanded their set of solutions directly, but resulted in action-based learning leading to longer-term changes and increased capabilities for subsequent value creation. The current study sheds light into how entrepreneurs can experiment with new opportunities and business models to expand entrepreneurial solution spaces in such times of wide-spread collective crisis, examining the activities of packaged food and beverage ventures during the Covid-19 pandemic in Finland. Although further research into the post-crisis effects of such solution space expansions, as well as if, when and how new capabilities are subsequently put to use for business model innovation is still needed, at its best, entrepreneurial experimentation can create new value, capabilities and lasting resilience for both ventures and those in their ecosystem. abstract: Research summary Times of crisis require entrepreneurial responses to mitigate adverse effects and address new opportunities. This study focuses on how packaged food and drink entrepreneurs in Finland took action to create and capture new value during the Covid-19 crisis. Examining 844 social media posts of 66 ventures between March and May 2020 and interviewing 17 of these ventures, we found ventures to experiment with new business model variations, which not only expanded their set of solutions directly, but resulted in action-based learning leading to longer-term changes and increased capabilities for subsequent value creation. Furthermore, collaborative experiments and prosocial support increased the solution space through developing the capabilities of the ecosystem. Managerial summary The global lockdown measures in response to the coronavirus pandemic have disrupted supply, production, sales and consumption. Facing these constraints, entrepreneurs can respond quickly and experiment to create new liquidity and opportunities. Our analysis of packaged food and beverage entrepreneurs in Finland during the crisis shows how entrepreneurs leverage existing resources and acquire new ones to create new offerings, operations and partnerships. These initial actions serve as experiments to learn from in creating and revising business models, promoting a virtuous cycle of further action and expanding potential future solutions accessible to entrepreneurs. Importantly, opportunities available to the venture expand through both venture specific learning and through supporting other actors in the ecosystem. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352673420300536 doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00197 id: cord-287644-ay0vv27m author: Blackall, Douglas title: Rapid Establishment of a COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma Program in a Regional Healthcare Delivery Network date: 2020-08-04 words: 3764.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287644-ay0vv27m.txt summary: Overall, 6 major implementation "themes" were addressed: (1) registration of individual hospitals and principle investigators with a national investigational new drug research protocol, (2) collaboration with a regional blood donor center, (3) targeted recruitment of convalesced donors, (4) information technology issues related to all aspects of CCP ordering, distribution, and transfusion, (5) prioritization of patients to receive CCP, and (6) evaluation of CCP products including antibody characteristics and patient response to therapy. The Mayo IND provides specific criteria for patient inclusion in the protocol; namely, that they have positive molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2, are an adult (≥ 18 years of age), and have met defined clinical criteria qualifying them as having severe or life-threatening COVID-19. randomized controlled study, this protocol provided the infrastructure to initiate a convalescent plasma transfusion program in the SSM-STL network, which is the basis for this report. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) represents an appealing approach to the treatment of patients with infections due to SARS‐CoV‐2. We endeavored to quickly establish a sustainable CCP transfusion program for a regional network of healthcare facilities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A regional collaborative group was activated to address the issues necessary to implementing a CCP transfusion program and making the program sustainable. A wide range of healthcare providers including physicians (critical care, infectious disease, transfusion medicine), nurses, pharmacists, laboratorians, and information technology specialists were required to make the program a success. RESULTS: The CCP implementation team initially consisted of 4 members but quickly grew to a group of nearly 20 participants based on different issues related to program implementation. Overall, 6 major implementation “themes” were addressed: (1) registration of individual hospitals and principle investigators with a national investigational new drug research protocol, (2) collaboration with a regional blood donor center, (3) targeted recruitment of convalesced donors, (4) information technology issues related to all aspects of CCP ordering, distribution, and transfusion, (5) prioritization of patients to receive CCP, and (6) evaluation of CCP products including antibody characteristics and patient response to therapy. CONCLUSION: Within 4 weeks of initiation, CCP was successfully transfused at multiple hospitals in our regional healthcare delivery system. A program infrastructure was established that will make this program sustainable into the future. This approach has broader implications for the success of multi‐institutional programs requiring rapid implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748963/ doi: 10.1111/trf.16026 id: cord-340285-mq9x12nw author: Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. title: From causes of aging to death from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 5963.0 sentences: 391.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340285-mq9x12nw.txt summary: In contrast, as we will discuss in the next section, it is hyper-functional immune response that leads to death from COVID-19 in the elderly by causing cytokine storm. It is driven by nutrient/hormone/cytokinesensing and growth-promoting signaling pathways such as Target of Rapamycin (TOR; mTOR), which are involved in developmental growth and later cause hyperfunctional aging and its diseases [24, 26] . Nutrients and obesity activate growth-promoting pathways (e.g., mTOR), thus accelerating development of quasi-programmed (age-related) diseases. Continuous use of rapamycin is expected to improve health, decrease age-related diseases and extend healthy lifespan, rendering individuals less vulnerable, when infected with the virus. As we discussed in the section "Cytokine storm is a hyperfunction", cytokine storm and hyper-inflammation is a main cause of death in COVID-19 pneumonia [36-40, 42, 45, 135, 141-143] Rapamycin, an antiinflammatory agent, inhibits hyper-functions, cellular senescence and decrease secretion of cytokines ( [74, 81, 144] . abstract: COVID-19 is not deadly early in life, but mortality increases exponentially with age, which is the strongest predictor of mortality. Mortality is higher in men than in women, because men age faster, and it is especially high in patients with age-related diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, because these diseases are manifestations of aging and a measure of biological age. At its deepest level, aging (a program-like continuation of developmental growth) is driven by inappropriately high cellular functioning. The hyperfunction theory of quasi-programmed aging explains why COVID-19 vulnerability (lethality) is an age-dependent syndrome, linking it to other age-related diseases. It also explains inflammaging and immunosenescence, hyperinflammation, hyperthrombosis, and cytokine storms, all of which are associated with COVID-19 vulnerability. Anti-aging interventions, such as rapamycin, may slow aging and age-related diseases, potentially decreasing COVID-19 vulnerability. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103493 doi: 10.18632/aging.103493 id: cord-279779-kp6ik8qb author: Blair, A. title: Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach date: 2020-09-25 words: 3979.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279779-kp6ik8qb.txt summary: Method: A scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory-level, health regions, and local areas) (15 "overall" indicators), and for two vulnerable settings (long term care and detention facilities) and six social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, essential worker status, and income) (120 "equity-related" indicators). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 : Overall, province-and territory-level reporting (data availability) on the cumulative total of tests, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Though information on population sizes by immigration status, race/ethnicity, and income are available for jurisdictions overall, and by region and local area are all available through the Canadian Census, no province or territory reported on any of the data elements according to these social markers (Figure 4) . abstract: Objective: To assess health equity-oriented COVID-19 data reporting across Canadian provinces and territories, using a scorecard approach. Method: A scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory-level, health regions, and local areas) (15 "overall" indicators), and for two vulnerable settings (long term care and detention facilities) and six social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, essential worker status, and income) (120 "equity-related" indicators). Per indicator, one point was awarded if case-delimited data were released, 0.7 points if only summary statistics were reported, and 0 if neither was provided. Results were presented using a scorecard approach. Results: Overall, information on cases and deaths was more complete than for tests, hospitalizations and population size denominators needed for rate estimation. Information provided on jurisdictions and their regions, overall, tended to be more available (average score of 53%, "B") than for equity-related indicators (average score of 21%, "D"). Only British Columbia and Alberta provided case-delimited data, and only Alberta provided information for local areas. No jurisdiction reported on outcomes according to patients' individual-level immigration status, race, or income. Only Ontario and Quebec provided detailed information for long-term care settings and detention facilities. Conclusion: Socially stratified reporting for COVID-19 outcomes is sparse in Canada. However, several best practices in health equity-oriented reporting were observed and set a relevant precedent for all jurisdictions to follow for this pandemic and future ones. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 id: cord-339128-npfoircv author: Blair, Robert V. title: Acute Respiratory Distress in Aged, SARS-CoV-2 Infected African Green Monkeys but not Rhesus Macaques date: 2020-11-07 words: 3097.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339128-npfoircv.txt summary: Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. This study demonstrates that following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aged AGMs develop a spectrum of disease, from mild to severe COVID-19, which in some cases progress to ARDS. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 induces a wide range of disease severity ranging from asymptomatic infection, to a life-threating illness, particularly in the elderly and persons with comorbid conditions. Among those persons with serious COVID-19 disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal presentation. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifest severe disease are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 induced ARDS and evaluate therapeutic strategies. Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. We found dramatic increases in circulating cytokines in three of four infected, aged AGMs but not in infected RMs. All of the AGMs showed increased levels of plasma IL-6 compared to baseline, a predictive marker and presumptive therapeutic target in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, our results show that both RM and AGM are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged AGMs may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations including ARDS. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002944020304971?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016 id: cord-310857-i9v9antx author: Blaisdell, Laura L. title: Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission — Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June–August 2020 date: 2020-09-04 words: 2583.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310857-i9v9antx.txt summary: The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020.* Shortly thereafter, closures of 124,000 U.S. public and private schools affected at least 55.1 million students through the end of the 2019-20 school year.† During the summer of 2020, approximately 82% of 8,947 U.S. overnight camps did not operate.§ In Maine, only approximately 20% of 100 overnight camps opened.¶ An overnight camp in Georgia recently reported SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission among campers and staff members when nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were not strictly followed (1); however, NPIs have been successfully used to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among military basic trainees (2). During June-August 2020, four overnight camps in Maine implemented several NPIs to prevent and mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including prearrival quarantine, preand postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, use of face coverings, physical distancing, enhanced hygiene measures, cleaning and disinfecting, and maximal outdoor programming. To prevent, identify, and mitigate spread of COVID-19, four Maine overnight summer camps with similar size, session duration, and camper and staff member characteristics opened with uniform NPIs, including precamp quarantine, pre-and postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, and physical distancing between cohorts. abstract: The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020.* Shortly thereafter, closures of 124,000 U.S. public and private schools affected at least 55.1 million students through the end of the 2019-20 school year.† During the summer of 2020, approximately 82% of 8,947 U.S. overnight camps did not operate.§ In Maine, only approximately 20% of 100 overnight camps opened.¶ An overnight camp in Georgia recently reported SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission among campers and staff members when nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were not strictly followed (1); however, NPIs have been successfully used to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among military basic trainees (2). During June-August 2020, four overnight camps in Maine implemented several NPIs to prevent and mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including prearrival quarantine, pre- and postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, use of face coverings, physical distancing, enhanced hygiene measures, cleaning and disinfecting, and maximal outdoor programming. During the camp sessions, testing and symptom screening enabled early and rapid identification and isolation of attendees with COVID-19. Among the 1,022 attendees (staff members and campers) from 41 states, one territory, and six international locations, 1,010 were tested before arrival; 12 attendees who had completed a period of isolation after receiving a diagnosis of COVID-19 2 months before arrival were not tested. Four (0.4%) asymptomatic attendees received positive SARS-CoV-2 test results before arrival; these persons delayed their arrival, completed 10 days of isolation at home, remained asymptomatic, and did not receive any further testing before arrival or for the duration of camp attendance. Approximately 1 week after camp arrival, all 1,006 attendees without a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 were tested, and three asymptomatic cases were identified. Following isolation of these persons and quarantine of their contacts, no secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. These findings can inform similar multilayered public health strategies to prevent and mitigate the introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children, adolescents, and adults in congregate settings, such as overnight camps, residential schools, and colleges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32881850/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935e1 id: cord-311871-13n4st4q author: Blaivas, Michael title: Unexpected finding of myocardial depression in 2 healthy young patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia: possible support for COVID‐19‐related myocarditis date: 2020-06-13 words: 1010.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311871-13n4st4q.txt summary: This article presents 2 cases of generally healthy patients who were noted to have classic COVID‐19 bilateral pneumonia findings on lung ultrasound and incidentally discovered to have unsuspected left ventricular dysfunction likely resulting from myocarditis. also been widespread recognition that lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is highly accurate for pneumonia diagnosis and monitoring, as well as other settings outside of COVID-19, without the high cost and radiation exposure encountered with chest CT. However, in addition to lung involvement, there are increasing anecdotal reports regarding pericardial effusions and electrical However, bilateral pleural abnormalities were found associated with scattered sub-pleural consolidations and comet tail artifacts in a distribution consistent with typical lung ultrasound findings in COVID-19 pneumonia (Video 1). These cases serve to raise the awareness of emergency physicians and others treating COVID-19 patients to consider evaluating the heart with POCUS, not just for pericardial effusion but also for left ventricular systolic function on a more routine basis. abstract: COVID‐19 is proving to be a devastating pandemic with both tragic economic and health consequences worldwide. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) of the lungs has been thrust into the forefront of resources that could be used in the management of COVID‐19 acute care patients. However, relatively little attention has been paid to POCUS utility in assessing the heart in COVID‐19 patients. Anecdotal reports suggest encounters of likely COVID‐19 induced pericardial effusions and myocardial electrical dysfunction. This article presents 2 cases of generally healthy patients who were noted to have classic COVID‐19 bilateral pneumonia findings on lung ultrasound and incidentally discovered to have unsuspected left ventricular dysfunction likely resulting from myocarditis. POCUS videos are presented as illustrations of this potentially overlooked complication. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12098 doi: 10.1002/emp2.12098 id: cord-302431-13hperkz author: Blanchard, Janice title: For us, COVID‐19 is personal date: 2020-05-17 words: 1260.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302431-13hperkz.txt summary: As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. For example, appropriate as they are, social distancing mandates and increased testing for COVID-19 will not yield the expected outcomes if we do not make tangible efforts to address the clear patterns in racial disparities that have emerged. 8 COVID-19 has highlighted many of the social disparities that exist for communities of color. 9 It is time that we address the social issues that lead to the alarming rates of COVID-19 in our communities. abstract: We are colleagues and friends working together in busy emergency departments in Washington DC. As Black physicians working in urban America, we do not find the recent deluge of news reports chronicling the disproportionate effect that the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is having on the disenfranchised and minority populations in our country shocking. We have long been witness to and are in a constant state of alarm over the legal, medical, educational, social and economic inequities faced by the most vulnerable residents of this country. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14016 doi: 10.1111/acem.14016 id: cord-024323-9w055rnn author: Blanco-Colino, Ruth title: Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection() date: 2020-05-04 words: 976.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024323-9w055rnn.txt summary: Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection § Sospecha de abdomen agudo como manifestació n extrapulmonar de infecció n por In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, which quickly spread across China and to a new focal point in Europe. During the anamnesis, the patient reported a mild cough without mucus over the previous week, but no associated arthromyalgia, rhinorrhea, dyspnea or respiratory symptoms. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 This case report shows the current importance of reviewing the possible existence of respiratory symptoms during the anamnesis of patients initially referred for surgical evaluation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198139/ doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.04.014 id: cord-318773-nmsr1ga1 author: Blanco-Colino, Ruth title: Authors’ response to: About the scientific letter «Suspicion of an acute abdomen as an extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 infectio» date: 2020-07-17 words: 609.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318773-nmsr1ga1.txt summary: The original title of the accepted publication was Abdominal bloating and gastrointestinal symptoms as an extrapulmonary manifestation in a COVID-19+ patient, which was later replaced with Suspected Acute Abdomen (...), after review by the Editorial Committee. 1 The patient was referred to our hospital from Primary Care in order to rule out acute abdomen, at which time the patient was triaged to our General Surgery Emergency Unit. The presentation of lymphopenia and elevated PCR on the laboratory tests were signs to suspect a poor COVID-19 prognosis, 3 requiring a differential diagnosis with other pathologies such as sepsis of abdominal origin. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Lung Base Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Abdominal CT in Patients With Predominant Gastrointestinal Symptoms Gastrointestinal Symptoms and COVID-19: Case-Control Study from the United States abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173507720301460?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.07.009 id: cord-316938-64jxtg9y author: Blasi, Annabel title: In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in COVID‐19 patients on anticoagulation date: 2020-08-06 words: 3076.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316938-64jxtg9y.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 patients are characterized by normal in vitro thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation and decreased fibrinolytic potential despite the presence of heparin in the sample. Markers of NETs were modestly elevated in patients compared to controls, and did not differ between patients that were or were not admitted to ICU, which may argue against a key role of NETs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated sequelae as was suggested previously. Plasma CLT was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, but similar between patients on ICU and ward. TAT and PAP complex levels are strongly elevated in patients with COVID-19, indicating ongoing thrombin and plasmin generation in COVID-19 patients despite anticoagulation with LMWH. Taken together, our data confirm a hypercoagulable status of enhanced thrombin generating capacity, enhanced ex vivo clot formation likely related to hyperfibrinogenemia, and a decreased ex vivo fibrinolytic capacity in patients with COVID-19. Decreased plasma levels of activated factor VII in patients with deep vein thrombosis abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is associated with a substantial risk of venous thrombotic events, even in the presence of adequate thromboprophylactic therapy. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to better characterize the hypercoagulable state of COVID‐19 patients in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. METHODS: We took plasma samples of 23 patients with COVID‐19 who were on prophylactic or intensified anticoagulant therapy. Twenty healthy volunteers were included to establish reference ranges. RESULTS: COVID‐19 patients had a mildly prolonged prothrombin time, high VWF levels and low ADAMTS13 activity. Most rotational thromboelastometry parameters were normal, with a hypercoagulable maximum clot firmness in part of the patients. Despite detectable anti‐Xa activity in the majority of patients, ex vivo thrombin generation was normal, and in vivo thrombin generation elevated as evidenced by elevated levels of thrombin‐antithrombin complexes and D‐dimers. Plasma levels of activated factor VII were lower in patients, and levels of the platelet activation marker soluble CD40 ligand were similar in patients and controls. Plasmin‐antiplasmin complex levels were also increased in patients despite an in vitro hypofibrinolytic profile. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 patients are characterized by normal in vitro thrombin generation and enhanced clot formation and decreased fibrinolytic potential despite the presence of heparin in the sample. Anticoagulated COVID‐19 patients have persistent in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, but no evidence of excessive platelet activation. Ongoing activation of coagulation despite normal to intensified anticoagulant therapy indicates studies on alternative antithrombotic strategies are urgently required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762118/ doi: 10.1111/jth.15043 id: cord-322866-au76nnzg author: Bleizgys, Andrius title: Vitamin D and COVID‐19: It is time to act date: 2020-10-27 words: 6022.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322866-au76nnzg.txt summary: High‐dose VitD supplementation, particularly for risk groups, could be recommended to achieve and maintain optimal (range 40‐60 ng/mL) serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels (marker of VitD status) both for COVID‐19 prevention and treatment. 17, 19, 26 Epidemiological studies of the past showed inverse relationships between VitD status and certain clinical events: lower 25OH-D levels are associated with higher risk of developing ARDS, heart failure and sepsis; the latter conditions are also known to increase risk for severe COVID-19 and death from COVID-19. Some authors even suggested that patients having VitD deficiency should be considered as high risk group for getting severe illness from COVID-19. 44, 45 VitD also increases the gene expression of antioxidative enzymes, eg glutathione reductase and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and this was shown to help maintain higher levels of vitamin C, which is an antioxidant and has antimicrobial activity as well, and is suggested as a potential agent for fighting COVID-19. abstract: Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is considered a global problem and might be associated with increased susceptibility to COVID‐19 illness. In the light of COVID‐19 pandemic, VitD might be a promising agent for fighting the SARS‐CoV‐2, since VitD is involved in various pathophysiological mechanisms that occur during COVID‐19 infection. High‐dose VitD supplementation, particularly for risk groups, could be recommended to achieve and maintain optimal (range 40‐60 ng/mL) serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels (marker of VitD status) both for COVID‐19 prevention and treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13748 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13748 id: cord-309195-0scmephx author: Blicharz, Leszek title: Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments date: 2020-05-08 words: 576.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309195-0scmephx.txt summary: title: Hand eczema ‐ a growing dermatological concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible treatments 3 Regardless of HE etiology, exposure to detergents and soaps, frequent hand washing (>20 times/day) and the use of occlusive gloves are all well-known risk factors of disease onset This article is protected by copyright. Topical steroids such as clobetasol propionate and mometasone furoate are usually the first-choice anti-inflammatory agents, though they may interfere with the skin barrier regeneration and thus their long-term This article is protected by copyright. 6 Lastly, systemic agents should be considered in severe cases refractory to topical treatment. Therapeutic options include short courses of systemic steroids during disease exacerbations, oral retinoids, e.g. alitretinoin, acitretin, and immunosuppressants such as methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine A. 6 Despite the lack of evidence on the increased risk of severe COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, 7, 8 we believe that the first-line systemic treatment should involve oral retinoids followed by immunosuppressants in recalcitrant cases. Hand eczema: treatment abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384196/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13545 id: cord-279197-cesemos0 author: Block, Keith I. title: Integrative Cancer Therapies: Learning From COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 words: 4112.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279197-cesemos0.txt summary: Not only has COVID-19 suddenly converted us to a reliance on telehealth that is likely to persist in the future, it has also highlighted the use of some integrative therapies commonly used by cancer patients that have previously been thought to be too controversial for conventional clinics, but that might bear further research attention. For instance, 3 meta-analyses of randomized trials of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients found that performance status predicted mortality, [12] [13] [14] in addition to treatment side effects. Along with the previously published beneficial effects of parenteral fish oil emulsions in cancer patients, 30 these vitamin C trials raise the question of the potentials of other unconventional intravenous treatments in cancer patients. Pooled safety and efficacy analysis examining the effect of performance status on outcomes in nine first-line treatment trials using individual data from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735420932652 doi: 10.1177/1534735420932652 id: cord-317526-d3z4r0dz author: Bloom, Patricia P. title: Hepatology Consultants Often Disagree on Etiology of Abnormal Liver Biochemistries in COVID-19 but Agree on Management date: 2020-07-29 words: 1271.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317526-d3z4r0dz.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of hospitalized patients, with many possible etiologies. Our aim was to assess degree of hepatologist agreement on the etiology of abnormal liver biochemistries as well as diagnostic recommendations in COVID-19. We reviewed the characteristics of twenty inpatient hepatology consultations performed at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women''s Hospital for abnormal liver biochemistries in adult patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. From March 20 to April 21, 2020, our inpatient hepatology teams performed 20 consultations on patients with COVID-19 and abnormal liver biochemistries; eight had chronic liver disease, and twelve required ICU admission (Table 1 for patient characteristics). The original consultant and three hepatology reviewers had Kappa agreement of 0.10 (p = 0.03) for the most likely primary etiology of elevated liver biochemistries. The hepatologists attributed approximately half of cases to phenomena specific to the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2-related liver injury or DILI. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of hospitalized patients, with many possible etiologies. AIM: To assess agreement on the etiology of abnormal liver biochemistries and diagnostic recommendations in COVID-19. METHODS: Twenty hepatology consultations were reviewed by three senior hepatologists who provided a differential diagnosis and diagnostic recommendations. Kappa agreement on the primary etiology was calculated. RESULTS: Kappa agreement between hepatologists on the primary etiology of elevated liver biochemistries was 0.10 (p = 0.03). Agreement was greater around drug-induced liver injury 0.51 (p < 0.0001) and SARS-CoV-2-related liver injury 0.17 (p = 0.03). Serial liver biochemistries were recommended in all consultations over other evaluations. CONCLUSION: In COVID-19, elevated liver biochemistries present a diagnostic challenge and can often be monitored conservatively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729013/ doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06495-w id: cord-278249-vvhq9vgp author: Blot, Mathieu title: CXCL10 could drive longer duration of mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 ARDS date: 2020-11-02 words: 6238.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278249-vvhq9vgp.txt summary: In addition, since most patients need to undergo mechanical ventilation in this context, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) could exacerbate tissue damage as well as local and systemic inflammation, thus acting as a "second hit." Our team has previously shown that mitochondrial alarmins (i.e., mitochondrial DNA) are released by human epithelial cells submitted to cyclic stretch, and these alarmins are also recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from either ventilated rabbits or ARDS patients. This comprehensive evaluation of systemic and pulmonary immune response showed that the higher CXCL10 concentrations in both the systemic and alveolar compartments of patients with COVID-19 ARDS were associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Finally, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, higher mitochondrial DNA concentrations in the plasma and ELF compartment were highly correlated with alveolar inflammation, as assessed by BALF cell count and ELF IL-8 and IL-1β concentrations. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19-related ARDS has unique features when compared with ARDS from other origins, suggesting a distinctive inflammatory pathogenesis. Data regarding the host response within the lung are sparse. The objective is to compare alveolar and systemic inflammation response patterns, mitochondrial alarmin release, and outcomes according to ARDS etiology (i.e., COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19). METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma were obtained from 7 control, 7 non-COVID-19 ARDS, and 14 COVID-19 ARDS patients. Clinical data, plasma, and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations of 45 inflammatory mediators and cell-free mitochondrial DNA were measured and compared. RESULTS: COVID-19 ARDS patients required mechanical ventilation (MV) for significantly longer, even after adjustment for potential confounders. There was a trend toward higher concentrations of plasma CCL5, CXCL2, CXCL10, CD40 ligand, IL-10, and GM-CSF, and ELF concentrations of CXCL1, CXCL10, granzyme B, TRAIL, and EGF in the COVID-19 ARDS group compared with the non-COVID-19 ARDS group. Plasma and ELF CXCL10 concentrations were independently associated with the number of ventilator-free days, without correlation between ELF CXCL-10 and viral load. Mitochondrial DNA plasma and ELF concentrations were elevated in all ARDS patients, with no differences between the two groups. ELF concentrations of mitochondrial DNA were correlated with alveolar cell counts, as well as IL-8 and IL-1β concentrations. CONCLUSION: CXCL10 could be one key mediator involved in the dysregulated immune response. It should be evaluated as a candidate biomarker that may predict the duration of MV in COVID-19 ARDS patients. Targeting the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis could also be considered as a new therapeutic approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03955887 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138839/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03328-0 id: cord-282402-1skkjes1 author: Blumenthal-Barby, Jennifer title: Payment of COVID-19 challenge trials: underpayment is a bigger worry than overpayment date: 2020-10-12 words: 1381.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282402-1skkjes1.txt summary: This raises the question of how much people should be paid for their participation in COVID-19 challenge trials. Grimwade et al have the opposite concern-that researchers will underpay challenge trial participants. Even more concerning, it fails to account for the extra risks and burdens of COVID-19 challenge trial participation that go beyond a typical minimum wage job. Grimwade et al argue that participants should be offered higher payment that accounts for participant time, and for pains, burdens and willingness to take risk. Undue inducement occurs when people do not pay full attention to the risks and benefits of research participation because they are myopically focused on the money. There are, however, two additional ethical concerns associated with high payment that Grimwade et al do not discuss: unjust inducement and crowding out of altruism. Given the potential burdens and risks accompanying challenge trials, we shouldn''t worry about whether we are overpaying people for their participation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046591/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106901 id: cord-327578-9r1fxfn4 author: Bluro, Ignacio Martín title: ‘Cardiovascular Pandemic’ in Argentina date: 2020-07-30 words: 1178.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327578-9r1fxfn4.txt summary: However, this objective is far from being reached, and today the Argentine healthcare system is very fragmented: 60% of the population uses employer-based coverage, 30% accesses the public health system, and 10% obtained direct private coverage [11] . Even more alarming is the fact that half the people that required medical attention during this time did not consult a physician, and most of them did not do it due to fear or lack of access to the healthcare system. These data imply that, if controls of cardiovascular health remain unattended due to COVID-19 concerns, we can expect an increase of several thousand deaths from cardiovascular causes. Similarly, the Argentine Society of Cardiology produced a document declaring their position for the management of CVD during COVID-19, which includes concrete recommendations to ensure the continuity of the cardiovascular health management in a safe manner for healthcare providers and patients [19] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.843 doi: 10.5334/gh.843 id: cord-349418-98sgr5iv author: Bo, Yacong title: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020 date: 2020-10-29 words: 4191.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349418-98sgr5iv.txt summary: Model 1 included the following covariates: calendar time to control seasonal and longterm trends over the study period; Rt of the previous day to account for temporal autocorrelation; public health response time, which was defined as the number of days between the date of activation of the first NPI and the date on which the first case was reported; an indicator for the day of the week and public holidays to account for weekly or periodic variations in the number of people who accepted the SARS-CoV-2 test; duration for which a type of NPI was implemented to control for the potential effects of implementation duration; population density to account for the higher transmission rate in regions with high population density; median age to account for the higher incidence rates among the elderly; and GHSI to account for countries'' capacity to prevent and mitigate epidemics and pandemics. abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of four types of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in containing the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19. METHODS: This study included 1,908,197 confirmed COVID-19 cases from 190 countries between 23 January and 13 April 2020. The implemented NPIs were categorized into four types: mandatory face mask in public, isolation or quarantine, social distancing and traffic restriction (referred to as mandatory mask, quarantine, distancing, and traffic hereafter, respectively). RESULTS: The implementations of mandatory mask, quarantine, distancing and traffic were associated with changes (95%confidence interval, CI) of -15.14% (-21.79% to -7.93%), -11.40% (-13.66% to -9.07%), -42.94% (-44.24% to -41.60%) and -9.26% (-11.46% to -7.01%) in the Rt of COVID-19 compared with those without the implementation of the corresponding measures. Distancing and the simultaneous implementation of two or more types of NPIs seemed to be associated with a greater decrease in the Rt of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that NPIs can significantly contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Distancing and the simultaneous implementation of two or more NPIs should be the strategic priorities for containing COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33129965/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.066 id: cord-263569-x06dked1 author: Bobenchik, April M. title: Testing the asymptomatic pre-surgical population for SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 words: 1271.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263569-x06dked1.txt summary: However, by April 2020, increased mortality for delaying necessary cardiac and thoracic procedures prompted multidisciplinary teams to determine how to safely restart surgical cases, balancing the urgent needs of patients, the reported increased morbidity and mortality of Covid-positive patients undergoing surgical procedures (2,3,7,8), and risk of spreading Covid-19 infection among health care workers (4,6,7,9,10,11). Screening includes a questionnaire regarding signs symptoms of Covid-19, exposure to an infected person, SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, with or without thoracic computed tomography (CT) (4,5,10,11,12,13,14,15) . After 11 weeks, based on the low number of PCR+ cases and declining prevalence of Recognizing the greater adverse outcome data of Covid-19+ patients undergoing surgery (7,8) and the risk of infection spread from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic patients Covid-19+ patients (6) preoperative screening has been important to the restart and ramping up of surgical cases (9,10,12). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.041 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.041 id: cord-276870-gxtvlji7 author: Bobrowski, Tesia title: Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! date: 2020-07-15 words: 5089.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276870-gxtvlji7.txt summary: Here, we explore the dynamics of the response of the scientific community to several epidemics, including Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), as assessed by the numbers of clinical trials, publications, and level of research funding over time. However, despite many experimental and clinical studies, no effective drugs or treatments have emerged to treat the previous six epidemics of bird flu, SARS, swine flu, MERS, Ebola, and Zika as well as, thus far, COVID-19. We evaluated the number of publications (in both peer-reviewed journals and ArXiv preprint servers) and the number of clinical trials performed over the course of the epidemic to estimate the engagement and success of the scientific community in response to the seven major outbreaks of the past two decades: bird flu, SARS, swine flu, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. abstract: Here, we explore the dynamics of the response of the scientific community to several epidemics, including Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), as assessed by the numbers of clinical trials, publications, and level of research funding over time. All six prior epidemics studied [bird flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and Zika] were characterized by an initial spike of research response that flattened shortly thereafter. Unfortunately, no antiviral medications have been discovered to date as treatments for any of these diseases. By contrast, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has garnered consistent research investment since it began and resulted in drugs being developed within 7 years of its start date, with many more to follow. We argue that, to develop effective treatments for COVID-19 and be prepared for future epidemics, long-term, consistent investment in antiviral research is needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.008 id: cord-315129-p31vm79o author: Bock, Jens-Ole title: Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response date: 2020-06-23 words: 3553.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315129-p31vm79o.txt summary: title: Re-analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cell proteomics time-course data by impact pathway analysis and network analysis: a potential link with inflammatory response Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Here, we use the publicly available proteomics data from this study to re-analyze the in vitro cellular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection by impact pathways analysis and network analysis. Cellular factors exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to gain entry into cells have recently been studied, revealing that the virus uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host cell receptor, together with the serine protease TMPRSS2. Host cell proteomics studies that measure changes in protein abundance following viral entry and subsequent global pathway and network analysis can shed some light on the mechanisms that are used and/or altered by the virus and may reveal novel drug targets. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. To develop treatments that can stop or lessen the symptoms and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is critical to understand how the virus behaves inside human cells, and so far studies in this area remain scarce. A recent study investigated translatome and proteome host cell changes induced in vitro by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we use the publicly available proteomics data from this study to re-analyze the in vitro cellular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection by impact pathways analysis and network analysis. Notably, proteins linked to the inflammatory response, but also proteins related to chromosome segregation during mitosis, were found to be altered in response to viral infection. Upregulation of inflammatory response proteins is in line with the propagation of inflammatory reaction and lung injury that is observed in advanced stages of COVID-19 patients and which worsens with age. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103524 doi: 10.18632/aging.103524 id: cord-258581-46p0k9lc author: Bodak, Nathalie title: COVID‐19 Lockdown induced acral dermatosis in children date: 2020-06-28 words: 557.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258581-46p0k9lc.txt summary: Recently, several case series of cutaneous acral manifestations in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been reported. Indirect consequences of the ongoing pandemic on skin health have been reported, such as an increased frequency of irritant dermatitis related to repeated hand washing with soap, or occupational dermatoses in health care workers due to wearing gloves or masks (4, 5) . We describe here acral lesions observed in seven children (four girls) by the sixth week of the lockdown period in France. Although a larger case series would strengthen our hypothesis, we suggest that the change of daily habits in young children during the lockdown period may have increased the frequency of acral frictional dermatoses that are not directly due to the virus but rather to prolonged sessions spent playing on the floor. Acral cutaneous lesions in the Time of COVID-19 abstract: Recently, several case series of cutaneous acral manifestations in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been reported. A majority of these acral manifestations have a pseudo‐chilblain pattern with erythema and oedema and sometimes vesicles. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16797 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16797 id: cord-348999-989vojgu author: Boddington, N. L. title: COVID-19 in Great Britain: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred (FF100) cases: a descriptive case series and case control analysis date: 2020-05-22 words: 6501.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348999-989vojgu.txt summary: Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. This paper describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first few hundred cases of COVID-19 identified in GB, including estimates of sensitivity and specificity of selected symptoms, associations of underlying health conditions with infection and estimates of the prevalence of these conditions in the UK population. service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/population-of-england-and-wales/latest) Logistic regression analysis of associations of age and sex with COVID-19 included 358 cases with data on underlying health conditions (to allow adjustment for immunosuppression), and 2,705,963 UK general population controls. Analysis of associations of underlying health conditions with COVID-19 infection included 358 cases with comorbidity data, and 2,705,963 UK general population controls (Table 4 ). abstract: Objectives: Following detection of the first virologically-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Great Britain, an enhanced surveillance study was initiated by Public Health England to describe the clinical presentation, course of disease and identify risk factors for infection of the first few hundred cases. Methods: Information was collected on the first COVID-19 cases according to the First Few X WHO protocol. Case-control analyses of the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of symptoms and risk factors for infection were conducted. Point prevalences of underlying health conditions among the UK general population were presented. Findings: The majority of FF100 cases were imported (51.4%), of which the majority had recent travel to Italy (71.4%). 24.7% were secondary cases acquired mainly through household contact (40.4%). Children had lower odds of COVID-19 infection compared with the general population. The clinical presentation of cases was dominated by cough, fever and fatigue. Non-linear relationships with age were observed for fever, and sensitivity and specificity of symptoms varied by age. Conditions associated with higher odds of COVID-19 infection (after adjusting for age and sex) were chronic heart disease, immunosuppression and multimorbidity. Conclusion: This study presents the first epidemiological and clinical summary of COVID-19 cases in Great Britain. The FFX study design enabled systematic data collection. The study was able to characterize the risk factors for infection with population prevalence estimates setting these relative risks into a public health context. It also provides important evidence for generating case definitions to support public health risk assessment, clinical triage and diagnostic algorithms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20086157v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20086157 id: cord-355540-rlvzj2e5 author: Bodei, Lisa title: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Are There Any Concerns? date: 2020-08-17 words: 1569.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355540-rlvzj2e5.txt summary: Here, we discuss risk factors for COVID-19 severity with regard to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), focusing on the question of whether lymphopenia increases risk of infection-related morbidity. At this time, it is not known if the moderately compromised immune response (predominantly involving B lymphocytes) associated with PRRT results in an impaired capacity to defend against subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Consequently, there is no clear theoretic indication that PRRT places patients at significantly greater risk of acquiring COVID-19 or developing more severe infection-related complications. The potential risks of PRRT in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumor during the COVID-19 pandemic need to be considered in the context of the relative risks and benefits of other available therapies. Although available data are scarce, we agree that, for now, PRRTrelated lymphopenia does not appear to constitute a strong risk factor for acquiring COVID-19 infection or for developing severe complications. Lymphocytic toxicity in patients after peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177 Lu-DOTATATE and 90 Y-DOTATOC abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.249136 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249136 id: cord-299274-gnbp7so5 author: Bodkin, Claire title: Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings date: 2020-06-08 words: 1643.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299274-gnbp7so5.txt summary: title: Pandemic Planning in Homeless Shelters: A pilot study of a COVID-19 testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings We tested 104 residents and 141 staff for COVID-19 who failed daily symptom screening in homeless shelters in Hamilton, Canada. The objective of this report is to describe our experience with shelter facility restructuring, daily symptom screening and rapid testing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 in the homeless shelter setting in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Between March 17 and April 30, 2020, COVID-19 testing was performed on all shelter residents and staff who failed daily screening for potential COVID-19 related symptoms as well as staff and residents identified as close contacts of positive cases. We have thus far been successful in preventing large outbreaks in the shelter setting despite identifying positive cases in both staff and residents. abstract: We tested 104 residents and 141 staff for COVID-19 who failed daily symptom screening in homeless shelters in Hamilton, Canada. We detected one resident (1%), seven staff (5%) and one case of secondary spread. Shelter restructuring to allow physical distancing, testing and isolation can decrease outbreaks in shelters. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511704/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa743 id: cord-344553-uya1j94u author: Bodova, K. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 words: 3861.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt summary: In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. The associations between BCG vaccination policy and COVID-19 disease progression have also been a subject to controversy in data analysis, with some studies claiming significant effects on the number of cases and case fatality rates (Miller et al., 2020; Berg et al., 2020) , while others criticizing weaknesses of those studies and claiming no statistically significant differences (Szigeti et al., 2020; Hensel et al., 2020; Fukui et al., 2020; Singh, 2020) . In this study, we have estimated a variety of indicators characteristic for different stages of COVID-19 epidemics, also adjusting for time since the beginning of the epidemics in each country, and found that several key indicators show weak, but statistically significant, associations with BCG vaccination status. abstract: In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. We observe weak correlation between BCG vaccination status and indicators related to disease reproduction characteristics. We did not find any associations with case fatality rates (CFR), but the differences in CFR estimates are at present likely dominated by differences in testing and case reporting between countries. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.01.20087809v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087809 id: cord-321098-j3glby40 author: Bodrud-Doza, Md. title: Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based Assessment date: 2020-06-26 words: 8952.0 sentences: 399.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321098-j3glby40.txt summary: Background: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the partial lockdown, the disease intensity, weak governance in the healthcare system, insufficient medical facilities, unawareness, and the sharing of misinformation in the mass media has led to people experiencing fear and anxiety. To understand the possible psychosocial, socio-economic, and environmental impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh, we considered and identified several relevant and possible items based on the socio-economic situation, political analysis, the existing healthcare system, environmental analysis, possible emerging issues utilized from scenario developments, analysis of local and global reports of the COVID-19 pandemic from the print and electronic media, and a literature review. The socioeconomic issues (SEI 10) and immediate emerging issues (IEI2) have a statistically significant positive impact (p < 0.01), e.g., obstruction to the formal education system, and the potentiality of a huge number of people becoming infected may contribute to the fear development of the COVID-19 outbreak in this country. abstract: Background: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the partial lockdown, the disease intensity, weak governance in the healthcare system, insufficient medical facilities, unawareness, and the sharing of misinformation in the mass media has led to people experiencing fear and anxiety. The present study intended to conduct a perception-based analysis to get an idea of people's psychosocial and socio-economic crisis, and the possible environmental crisis, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods: A perception-based questionnaire was put online for Bangladeshi citizens of 18 years and/or older. The sample size was 1,066 respondents. Datasets were analyzed through a set of statistical techniques including principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: There was a positive significant association between fear of the COVID-19 outbreak with the struggling healthcare system (p < 0.05) of the country. Also, there was a negative association between the fragile health system of Bangladesh and the government's ability to deal with the pandemic (p < 0.05), revealing the poor governance in the healthcare system. A positive association of shutdown and social distancing with the fear of losing one's own or a family members' life, influenced by a lack of healthcare treatment (p < 0.05), reveals that, due to the decision of shutting down normal activities, people may be experiencing mental and economic stress. However, a positive association of the socio-economic impact of the shutdown with poor people's suffering, the price hike of basic essentials, the hindering of formal education (p < 0.05), and the possibility of a severe socio-economic and health crisis will be aggravated. Moreover, there is a possibility of a climate change-induced disaster and infectious diseases like dengue during/after the COVID-19 situation, which will create severe food insecurity (p < 0.01) and a further healthcare crisis. Conclusions: The partial lockdown in Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic increased community transmission and worsened the healthcare crisis, economic burden, and loss of GDP despite the resuming of industrial operations. In society, it has created psychosocial and socio-economic insecurity among people due to the loss of lives and livelihoods. The government should take proper inclusive steps for risk assessment, communications, and financial stimulus toward the public to alleviate their fear and anxiety, and to take proper action to boost mental health and well-being. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32676492/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00341 id: cord-335510-eojmipzy author: Boeckmans, Joost title: COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? date: 2020-04-08 words: 1390.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335510-eojmipzy.txt summary: Recent reports point to the fact that liver injury, by means of increased aminotransferase levels, more frequently occurred in severe COVID-19 cases compared to patients with mild symptoms Guan et al. Retrospective analysis of the earlier-reported SARS-CoV, causing the ''severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)'' and also infecting humans via ACE2, showed that the disease was accompanied by abnormal liver function which could be due to viral replication in the liver (Cui et al. It has been reported that patients suffering from certain viral infections, such as infections caused by hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses, are more prone for developing drug-induced liver injury (DILI), especially when associated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (Naidoo et al. Furthermore, these patients often suffer from the metabolic syndrome, which is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as risk factor for drug-induced hepatotoxicity abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1 doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1 id: cord-326692-kq903zbo author: Boehning, Dankmar title: Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods date: 2020-04-24 words: 2571.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326692-kq903zbo.txt summary: title: Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. Because published estimates of the distribution of Covid-19 vary widely, with estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, alone ranging from subcritical (i.e., < 1) to > 3 [Li et al.(2020) , Zhao et al.(2020) , ], mathematical models of infectious diseases, such as Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models, computing the theoretical number of people infected with a contagious illness in a closed population over time, needs to be evaluated on a range/grid of simulated values, each based on different assumptions and adjusted based on data from different geographic areas [Chen et al.(2020) ]. The purpose of this contribution is to propose a lower bound estimator for the number of people affected by Covid-19 but not detected for various reasons, the major one being that they are asymptomatic. abstract: A major open question, affecting the policy makers decisions, is the estimation of the true size of COVID-19 infections. Most of them are undetected, because of a large number of asymptomatic cases. We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. A "modified" version of the Chao estimator is proposed, based on the cumulative time-series distribution of cases and deaths. Heterogeneity has been accounted for by assuming a geometrical distribution underlying the data generation process. An (approximated) analytical variance formula has been properly derived to compute reliable confidence intervals at 95%. An application to Austrian situation is provided and results from other European Countries are mentioned in the discussion. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.20072629v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20072629 id: cord-299159-cxktdaws author: Boelig, Rupsa C. title: MFM Guidance for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-19 words: 625.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299159-cxktdaws.txt summary: The goals the guidelines put forth here are two foldfirst to reduce patient risk through healthcare exposure, understanding that asymptomatic health systems/healthcare providers may become the most common vector for transmission, and second to reduce the public health burden of COVID-19 transmission throughout the general population. The goals the guidelines put forth here are two fold-22 first to reduce patient risk through healthcare exposure, understanding that asymptomatic health 23 systems/healthcare providers may become the most common vector for transmission, and second to 24 reduce the public health burden of COVID-19 transmission throughout the general population. Box 25 1 outlines general guidance to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect our obstetric patients. 26 Section 1 outlines suggested modifications of outpatient obstetrical (prenatal) visits. 26 Section 1 outlines suggested modifications of outpatient obstetrical (prenatal) visits. Section 4 reviews suggested visitor policy for 29 obstetric outpatient office. Section 4 reviews suggested visitor policy for 29 obstetric outpatient office. abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Healthcare providers should prepare internal guidelines covering all aspect of the organization in order to have their unit ready as soon as possible. This document addresses the current COVID-19 pandemic for maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) practitioners. The goals the guidelines put forth here are two fold- first to reduce patient risk through healthcare exposure, understanding that asymptomatic health systems/healthcare providers may become the most common vector for transmission, and second to reduce the public health burden of COVID-19 transmission throughout the general population. Box 1 outlines general guidance to prevent spread of COVID-19 and protect our obstetric patients. Section 1 outlines suggested modifications of outpatient obstetrical (prenatal) visits. Section 2 details suggested scheduling of obstetrical ultrasound. Section 3 reviews suggested modification of nonstress tests (NST) and biophysical profiles (BPP). Section 4 reviews suggested visitor policy for obstetric outpatient office. Section 5 discusses the role of trainees and medical education in the setting of a pandemic. These are suggestions, which can be adapted to local needs and capabilities. Guidance is changing rapidly, so please continue to watch for updates. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589933320300367 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100106 id: cord-279052-8hxdfdls author: Boet, S. title: Protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial of normobaric versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypoxemic COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-16 words: 4123.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279052-8hxdfdls.txt summary: Secondary outcomes will include: (a) clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, days with oxygen supplementation, oxygen flow values to obtain a saturation by pulse oximetry [≥]90%, intensive care admission and length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygen, sleep quality, fatigue, major thrombotic events, the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale on Day 28; mortality, safety); (b) biological outcomes (plasma inflammatory markers); and (c) health system outcomes (cost of care and cost-effectiveness). Secondary objectives: To evaluate the effect of HBOT on: (a) other clinical outcomes (i.e., length of hospital stay; days with oxygen supplementation; daily oxygen flow values required to obtain saturation values ≥90%; ICU admission; ICU length of stay; days on invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygenation; major arterial and venous thrombotic events, such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis; sleep quality; fatigue; the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale assessed on Day 28, mortality, and safety; (b) biologic inflammatory markers, including markers of immune activation response and inflammation; and (c) cost of care for COVID-19 patients and cost-effectiveness of HBOT. abstract: Background: At least 1 in 6 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital and receiving supplemental oxygen will die of complications. More than 50% of patients with COVID-19 that receive invasive treatment such as mechanical ventilation will die in hospital. Such impacts overwhelm the limited intensive care unit resources and may lead to further deaths given inadequate access to care. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is defined as breathing 100% oxygen at a pressure higher than 1.4 atmosphere absolute (ATA). HBOT is safe, including for lungs, when administered by experienced teams and is routinely administrated for a number of approved indications. Preliminary clinical evidence suggests clinical improvement when hypoxemic COVID-19 patients are treated with HBOT. Objective: We aim to determine the effectiveness of HBOT for improving oxygenation, morbidity, and mortality among hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. Methods and analysis: This trial is a sequential Bayesian Parallel-group, individually Randomized, Open, Blinded Endpoint controlled trial. Admitted hypoxemic COVID-19 patients who require supplemental oxygen (without high flow and mechanical ventilation) to maintain a satisfying tissue oxygenation will be eligible to participate. The anticipated sample size of 234 patients is informed by data from a treatment trial of COVID patients recently published. The intervention group will receive one HBOT per day at 2.0 ATA for 75 minutes. Daily HBOT will be administered until either the patient does not require any oxygen supplementation or requires any type of mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygenation until day 28 post-randomization. Patients in the control group will receive the current standard of care treatment (no HBOT). The primary outcome of this trial will be the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale assessed on Day 7 post-randomization. Secondary outcomes will include: (a) clinical outcomes (length of hospital stay, days with oxygen supplementation, oxygen flow values to obtain a saturation by pulse oximetry [≥]90%, intensive care admission and length of stay, days on invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygen, sleep quality, fatigue, major thrombotic events, the 7-level COVID ordinal outcomes scale on Day 28; mortality, safety); (b) biological outcomes (plasma inflammatory markers); and (c) health system outcomes (cost of care and cost-effectiveness). Predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria have been specified. The analytical approach for the primary outcome will use a Bayesian proportional odds ordinal logistic semiparametric model. The primary analysis will be by intention-to-treat. Bayesian posterior probabilities will be calculated every 20 patients to assess accumulating evidence for benefit or harm. A planned subgroup analysis will be performed for pre-specified variables known to impact COVID-19 prognosis and/or HBOT (biologic sex and age). Discussion: Based on the mortality rate and substantial burden of COVID-19 on the healthcare system, it is imperative that solutions be found. HBOT is a non-invasive and low-risk intervention when contraindications are respected. The established safety and relatively low cost of providing HBOT along with its potential to improve the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients make this intervention worth studying, despite the current limited number of HBOT centres. If this trial finds that HBOT significantly improves outcome and prevents further deterioration leading to critical care for severe COVID-19 patients, practice will change internationally. If no benefit is found from the intervention, then the current standard of care (no HBOT) will be supported by level I evidence. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20154609v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154609 id: cord-324060-vvexfg1c author: Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. title: When there is a pandemic there is no time to waste: should we have hydroxychloroquine in our armoury against COVID-19 infected patients? date: 2020-03-31 words: 2725.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324060-vvexfg1c.txt summary: The current use of chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine, a drug currently used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases, in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia is a matter of intense consideration. There is no certainty that chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine is efficacious for the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia, especially immunocompromised patients. Based on the Italian and Spanish experience, we anticipate that we will have a shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds if we have many severe COVID-19-infected cases in Greece (https://www.reuters.com/ article/us-health-coronavirus-draegerwerk-ventil/germany-italy-rush-to-buy-life-saving-ventilators-as-manufacturers-warn-of-shortages-idUSKBN210362). In China alone, at least 23 clinical trials investigate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. The expert panel of the National Public Health Authority has very recently (26 March 2020) revised the therapeutic protocol/algorithm for the treatment of symptomatic COVID-19 patients, which includes hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine. abstract: The current use of chloroquine and/or hydroxychloroquine, a drug currently used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases, in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) or COVID-19-infected patients with pneumonia is a matter of intense consideration. We wish to enter the ongoing debate as to whether this well-known drug must be given to Greek COVID-19-infected patients, especially those with pneumonia. Our arguments are based on the existing data and the capacity of the Greek health system to afford potent anti-viral treatments, which are under immense investigation. We propose several suggestions related to treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine that we think must be taken into consideration to fit the evolving situation of the pandemic in Greece. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411941/ doi: 10.31138/mjr.31.1.94 id: cord-345610-rx1zmajl author: Boggs, Steven D. title: Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People’s Energy as Key Variable date: 2020-04-22 words: 447.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345610-rx1zmajl.txt summary: title: Calculate the COVID-19 Equation With the People''s Energy as Key Variable Besides "joint efforts from people all around the world," 2 it appears to be absolute key that leaders attend to the psychological and emotional well-being of our clinicians in addition to the physical well-being of our staffs "to protect health care workers better, to save more lives." 2 Necessary protective measures interfere with the camaraderie that each of us tries to create at work. While literally getting-in-touch is a caring physician''s "first language," 3 the interactions with our patients now through masks and with PPE create barriers which are new to them and to us. 6 We must calculate the COVID-19 equation with the people''s energy as key variable in mind! Staffing with disease-based epidemiologic indices may reduce shortage of intensive care unit staff during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304464/ doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004892 id: cord-312467-kbhljong author: Boilève, Alice title: COVID-19 management in a cancer center: the ICU storm date: 2020-07-31 words: 4117.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312467-kbhljong.txt summary: We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. In a situation of predictable shortage of beds and resources due to patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care, the usual perception of cancer with a poor life expectancy population may lead to a limitation of aggressive management of this cohort. Here, we report management of such a specific ICU during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers, and anticipation of the influx of patients. To increase ICU capacity, and to reduce the number of patients admitted in the post-surgical care ward, a large number of non-urgent surgery were postponed, as well as cancer treatments that were adapted to preserve available beds in ICU. abstract: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was first reported as a respiratory illness in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Committee declared a global health. COVID-19 has now spread worldwide and is responsible of more than 472,216 persons, out of 9,100,090 officially diagnosed worldwide since 23 of June. In the context of cancer patients, COVID-19 has a severe impact, regarding pulmonary infection but also cancer treatments in this fragile and immunocompromised population, and ICU admission for cancer patients in the context of COVID-19 requires ethical and clinical consideration. In our cancer center, intensivists, oncologists, pharmacists, and hospital administrators had to prepare for a substantial increase in critical care bed capacity (from 10 ICU beds, 6 medical intensive care beds, and 12 surgical intensive care beds, bed capacity was increased to 28 medical intensive care beds with ventilating capacity) and to adapt infrastructure (i.e., ICU beds), supplies (i.e., drugs, ventilators, protective materials), and staff (i.e., nurses and medical staff). Overall, thirty-three COVID-19 patients were admitted in our ICU, 17 cancer-free and 16 with cancer, and 23 required mechanical ventilation, resulting in 4 deaths (of them two patients with cancer). We report here management of a dedicated intensive care unit of a cancer center during the COVID-19 infection pandemic, considering resource allocation and redistribution of healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05658-9 id: cord-304573-3nhglbw4 author: Bola, Sumrit title: COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal? date: 2020-11-06 words: 3400.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304573-3nhglbw4.txt summary: The survey was open on a web-based platform and covered topics including safety measures for patients, protective equipment for healthcare staff and protocols for the use of flexible nasendoscopy in the clinic. 1 Personal protective equipment used in clinic (PPE) 2 Number of patients booked into a clinic 3 Patient screening prior to the clinic appointment 4 Risk assessment and protocols for flexible nasendoscopy 5 Outpatient room ventilation and room air changes per hour (ACPH) 6 Downtime associated with an Aerosol-Generating Procedure (AGP). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients that otolaryngologists had booked into a 4-h outpatient clinic ranged from 6 to 15 for a single clinic and 14-20 for a joint head and neck cancer (HNC) follow-up clinic, with the majority of clinicians seeing 12 patients (mean = 12.8, standard deviation = 2.5). abstract: PURPOSE: As surgical specialties now begin the graduated return to elective activity and face-to-face clinics, this paper investigates the current head and neck outpatient practices across the United Kingdom. METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprised of an online 20-item survey was distributed to members of the British Association of Head & Neck Oncologists (BAHNO). The survey was open on a web-based platform and covered topics including safety measures for patients, protective equipment for healthcare staff and protocols for the use of flexible nasendoscopy in the clinic. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 117 participants covering 66 NHS Trusts across the UK. There was a significant reduction in face-to-face Otolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Speech and Language clinic patients when compared to pre-pandemic numbers (p < 0.0001). Risk assessments for flexible nasendoscopy were done for 69% of clinics and 58% had an established protocol. Room downtime after flexible nasendoscopy ranged from 0 to 6 h and there was a significant increase in allocated downtime after a patient had coughed/sneezed (p < 0.001). Natural ventilation existed in 36% of clinics and the majority of responders didn’t know the Air Change Per Hour (ACPH) of the clinic room (77%). Where ACPH was known, it often did not match the allocated room downtime. CONCLUSION: There is a wide variation in outpatient activity across the United Kingdom, but adaptations are being made to try and maintain staff and patient safety. However, more can still be done by liaising with allied teams to clarify outpatient protocols. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00405-020-06458-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06458-x doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06458-x id: cord-279264-0bhgq3q9 author: Bolarinwa, O. A. title: Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users date: 2020-09-10 words: 3721.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279264-0bhgq3q9.txt summary: title: Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing compliance to prescribe preventive recommendations, the psychological effect of lockdown, and the source of information among Nigeria social media users. Thus, this study examined the compliance level to COVID-19 prescribed recommendations, the psychological implications of lockdown, and the source of information on COVID-19 among Nigeria social media users. The online google based questionnaire elicited socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, educational attainment, professional history of the respondents, while dependent variables such as compliance to prescribed recommendations, the psychological impact of lockdown, and source of information during the lockdown among Nigeria social media users. The study was carried out to examined how people in Nigeria are complying with recommendations from the country''s health authority, lockdown psychological impact, and source of information among social media users in Nigeria. abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a highly infectious viral disease that has spread to over one hundred and eight countries, including Nigeria. Countries across the globe have been implementing preventive measures towards curbing the spread and impact of the virus. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing compliance to prescribe preventive recommendations, the psychological effect of lockdown, and the source of information among Nigeria social media users. Methods: This research implemented an online cross-sectional survey using an unidentified online Google based questionnaire to elicit required information from potential respondents via social media channels such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, Telegram and Facebook. On these forums, an external link with google based questionnaire was shared with Nigerians social media users to participate from 1st to 31st April 2020 and we had 1,131 respondents who participated in the survey. Results: Age and respondent's scientific or non-scientific backgrounds were the socio-demographic variables associated with respondents having psychological challenges as P<0.05. However, none of the socio-demographic variables of the respondents were associated with compliance with the recommendations as P>0.05. Also, most (63.4%) of the respondents were stressed by the feelings associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, as the expected majority (80.1%) sources information about the epidemics through social media platforms. Conclusion: Given numerous uncertainties surrounding the global COVID-19 pandemics, there is a need to continuously increase awareness through various media and ensure that people are highly complying with the preventive measures being put in place by relevant authorities. Also, palliative measures should be put in place to reduce the psychological impact of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482 id: cord-336064-8b5cvll7 author: Bolaño-Ortiz, Tomás R. title: Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: a look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators date: 2020-07-15 words: 4611.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336064-8b5cvll7.txt summary: We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM(10), PM(2.5), and NO(2) with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. Recent studies have shown that climate and air pollution indicators are correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in Oslo, Norway, Jakarta, Indonesia, New York City, and California in the United States (Bashir et al., 2020b (Bashir et al., , 2020a Menebo, 2020; Tosepu et al., 2020) . Here we present a study of the correlation of average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air quality (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 ) with the new cases, total cases, and new deaths from COVID-19 in 10 cities located in LAC. abstract: We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM(10), PM(2.5), and NO(2) with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. The study focuses in the following LAC cities: Mexico City (Mexico), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Bogotá (Colombia), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Manaus (Brazil), Lima (Perú), Santiago (Chile), São Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results show that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality were significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 in LAC. Additionally, humidity, wind speed and rainfall showed a significant relationship with daily cases, total cases and mortality for various cities. Income inequality and poverty levels were also considered as a variable for qualitative analysis. Our findings suggest that and income inequality and poverty levels in the cities analyzed were related to the spread of COVID-19 positive and negative, respectively. These results might help decision-makers to design future strategies to tackle the spread of COVID-19 in LAC and around the world. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935120308331?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109938 id: cord-261370-jp5sqqwc author: Bollag, Wendy B. title: Phosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant: A Potential Treatment for COVID-19? date: 2020-09-16 words: 4096.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261370-jp5sqqwc.txt summary: It is thought that surfactant, which is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for intratracheal administration to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in infants, could benefit COVID-19-infected individuals by: (1) restoring surfactant damaged by lung infection and/or decreased due to the virus-induced death of the type II pneumocytes that produce it and (2) reducing surface tension to decrease the work of breathing and limit pulmonary edema. In addition, a constituent of surfactant, phosphatidylglycerol, could mitigate COVID-19-induced lung pathology by: (3) decreasing excessive innate immune system activation via its inhibition of toll-like receptor-2 and -4 activation by microbial components and cellular proteins released by damaged cells, thereby limiting inflammation and the resultant pulmonary edema, and (4) possibly blocking spread of the viral infection to non-infected cells in the lung. abstract: A hypothesis concerning the potential utility of surfactant supplementation for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is proposed, along with a brief summary of the data in the literature supporting this idea. It is thought that surfactant, which is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for intratracheal administration to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in infants, could benefit COVID-19-infected individuals by: (1) restoring surfactant damaged by lung infection and/or decreased due to the virus-induced death of the type II pneumocytes that produce it and (2) reducing surface tension to decrease the work of breathing and limit pulmonary edema. In addition, a constituent of surfactant, phosphatidylglycerol, could mitigate COVID-19-induced lung pathology by: (3) decreasing excessive innate immune system activation via its inhibition of toll-like receptor-2 and -4 activation by microbial components and cellular proteins released by damaged cells, thereby limiting inflammation and the resultant pulmonary edema, and (4) possibly blocking spread of the viral infection to non-infected cells in the lung. Therefore, it is suggested that surfactant preparations containing phosphatidylglycerol be tested for their ability to improve lung function in critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720320454 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110277 id: cord-135363-l2r6uprq author: Bolsover, Gillian title: Balancing freedoms, rights and responsibilities during COVID in US: a study of anti- and pro-restriction discourse date: 2020-08-21 words: 7231.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-135363-l2r6uprq.txt summary: With an individualistic culture, a high proportion of libertarian supporters and a constitution strongly protecting individual freedoms, the US has seen several major protests against state-level economic and social restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Within trends concerning the Michigan protests specifically, there was more pro-restriction than anti-restriction content, with a sizeable minority opposing restrictions; 17 posts supported restrictions on social activity, 18 restrictions on economic activity and 24 restrictions on political activity. This data memo has presented an initial analysis of levels of support and opposition to social, economic and political restrictions to control the spread and severity of COVID and how these arguments have been articulated in relation to rights and freedoms. Posts that opposed social, economic and/or political restrictions were more likely to articulate ideas of rights and freedoms: 75% of posts compared to 50% of those that supported. abstract: Countries across the world have instituted unprecedented restrictions on freedom of movement, privacy and individual rights to control the spread of COVID-19. These measures tend to have been derived from communally orientated East Asian cultures. The way that culturally relevant concepts of rights and freedoms underpin COVID restrictions in democratic and individually orientated countries remains unknown. This data memo addresses this issue through analysis of pro- and anti-restriction discourse on social media in the US. It finds that anti-social and economic restriction discourse more frequently articulates rights and freedoms, based on ideas of inviolable rights to freedom of movement or freedom of economic activity or a cost-benefit analysis that places economic activity over public health. Pro-social and economic restriction discourse less frequently mentions rights and freedoms, instead supporting restrictions as following state and medical advice and out of deference and respect to medical professionals. Discourse is highly polarised and divisive and articulated largely through established political identity positions. It is suggested that more attention is paid to discussions of balancing rights and freedoms in COVID control restrictions. To convince opposers of restrictions, supporters of restrictions should base arguments around communal rights and positive freedoms. It is also important to critically evaluate whether and how these perspectives need to be adapted to be appropriate and resonant in democratic and individualistic countries. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09440v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-294501-1nf98mpb author: Bonafè, Massimiliano title: Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes date: 2020-05-03 words: 3745.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294501-1nf98mpb.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. Consistent with this finding, the ability of DCs and macrophages to elicit CD8 + T cell response and proliferation and to release antiviral cytokines is impaired in elderly individuals [34] ; in parallel, these subjects are characterized by a reduced activity of plasmacytoid DCs, the main sources of type I IFNs, which underpin the antiviral response and provide the first-line sentinels in immune surveillance, also in the lung [35] . 4. In older men with age-related diseases, the aging-dependent reduction in ACE2 activity worsens SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, the main SARS-CoV2 host cell receptor, plays a crucial role in virus entry into the cell, as previously demonstrated in SARS and NL63 human coronaviruses [41] . In these individuals, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compounds their chronic, subclinical, aging-related proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging) which, together with immune senescence and the age-and gender-specific distribution of ACE2 in the airway epithelia, could blunt the antiviral response to inflammation. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32389499/ doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.005 id: cord-331547-uqmjhhna author: Bonalumi, Giorgia title: A call to action becomes practice: cardiac and vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Lombardy emergency guidelines date: 2020-06-25 words: 4218.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331547-uqmjhhna.txt summary: In Lombardy, the hub-and-spoke system was introduced to guarantee emergency and urgent cardiovascular surgery, whereas most hospitals were dedicated to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Daily morning briefings were held internally at the Monzino hospital to monitor every aspect of all in-patients (COVID-19 status, number of available beds) and to share news from the Health Care Lombardy Regional System and the national government. If the test results were positive (chest CT scan indicative of interstitial pneumonia and/or positive results from the nasal swab), the patient was transferred to a dedicated zone called the ''red area'', a separate zone with physical barriers and heavy use of personal protective equipment to protect working personnel, where only patients with COVID-19 were hospitalized. In cases of emergency surgery, the patient was considered and treated as positive for SARS-CoV-2 by the health care staff, who wore personal protective equipment, until screening results were available. abstract: OBJECTIVES: During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Northern Italy had to completely reorganize its hospital activity. In Lombardy, the hub-and-spoke system was introduced to guarantee emergency and urgent cardiovascular surgery, whereas most hospitals were dedicated to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to analyse the results of the hub-and-spoke organization system. METHODS: Centro Cardiologico Monzino (Monzino) became one of the four hubs for cardiovascular surgery, with a total of eight spokes. SARS-CoV-2 screening became mandatory for all patients. New flow charts were designed to allow separated pathways based on infection status. A reorganization of spaces guaranteed COVID-19-free and COVID-19-dedicated areas. Patients were also classified into groups according to their pathological and clinical status: emergency, urgent and non-deferrable (ND). RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were referred to the Monzino hub-and-spoke network. We performed 41 operations, 28 (68.3%) of which were emergency/urgent and 13 of which were ND. The screening allowed the identification of COVID-19 (three patients, 7.3%) and non-COVID-19 patients (38 patients, 92.7%). The newly designed and shared protocols guaranteed that the cardiac patients would be divided into emergency, urgent and ND groups. The involvement of the telematic management heart team allowed constant updates and clinical discussions. CONCLUSIONS: The hub-and-spoke organization system efficiently safeguards access to heart and vascular surgical services for patients who require ND, urgent and emergency treatment. Further reorganization will be needed at the end of this pandemic when elective cases will again be scheduled, with a daily increase in the number of operations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584978/ doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa204 id: cord-332480-3uodkrkp author: Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy title: Adjunct immunotherapies for the management of severely ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 words: 5440.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332480-3uodkrkp.txt summary: Current COVID-19 data clearly highlight that cytokine storm and activated immune cell migration to the lungs characterize the early immune response to COVID-19 that causes severe lung damage and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. 13, 14, 16, 17 Of note, similar to severely ill COVID-19 cases, elevated serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ have been consistently observed in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that is common in the patients receiving T cell-engaging immunotherapies (bispecific antibody constructs or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies). A randomized Phase 1b/2, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is currently recruiting patients to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a humanized anti-GM-CSF IgG1 monoclonal antibody TJ003234 in severely ill COVID-19 patients (NCT04341116). 68 Similarly, treatment of ten severely ill COVID-19 patients with 200 mL of convalescent plasma containing viral neutralizing antibody titers more than 1:640 (A dilution of plasma that neutralized 100 TCID 50 (50% tissue-culture-infective dose) of SARS-CoV-2) led to reduced CRP levels, undetectable viremia and improved clinical symptoms. abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has infected millions with more than 181,000 fatal cases as of 22nd April 2020. Currently, there are no specific COVID-19 therapies. Most patients depend on mechanical ventilation. Current COVID-19 data clearly highlight that cytokine storm and activated immune cell migration to the lungs characterize the early immune response to COVID-19 that causes severe lung damage and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In view of uncertainty associated with immunosuppressive treatments such as corticosteroids and their possible secondary effects, including risks of secondary infections, we suggest immunotherapies as an adjunct therapy in severe COVID-19 cases. Such immunotherapies based on inflammatory cytokine neutralization, immunomodulation and passive viral neutralization, not only reduce inflammation, inflammation-associated lung damage, or viral load, but could also prevent intensive care unit hospitalization and dependency on mechanical ventilation both of which are limited resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562483/ doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100016 id: cord-271042-0ilj86y9 author: Bonanad, Clara title: Coronavirus: la emergencia geriátrica de 2020. Documento conjunto de la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología date: 2020-04-03 words: 5732.0 sentences: 534.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271042-0ilj86y9.txt summary: Resumen La infección por SARS-CoV-2, denominada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19), es una enfermedad desconocida hasta diciembre de 2019 a la que nos enfrentamos en España desde el 31 de enero de 2020 —fecha del primer caso diagnosticado en nuestro país— y que ya ha causado la muerte de 7.340 personas (a 30 de marzo de 2020), sobre todo mayores. Este aumento de morbimortalidad en el paciente mayor se ha asociado tanto con las comorbilidades, especialmente la enfermedad cardiovascular, como con la situación de fragilidad, que conlleva una respuesta inmunológica más pobre. Estos datos probablemente estén sesgados, debido al infradiagnóstico de pacientes leves o asintomáticos, así como brotes no documentados en residencias de tercera edad, por lo que se desconoce la distribución real por edad, aunque dan una idea de la gravedad del impacto de esta situación en la población geriátrica cuando más del 30% de los pacientes ingresados con infección confirmada tiene 70 o más años. abstract: Resumen La infección por SARS-CoV-2, denominada COVID-19 (Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19), es una enfermedad desconocida hasta diciembre de 2019 a la que nos enfrentamos en España desde el 31 de enero de 2020 —fecha del primer caso diagnosticado en nuestro país— y que ya ha causado la muerte de 7.340 personas (a 30 de marzo de 2020), sobre todo mayores. Es importante tener en cuenta que, dado que la información evoluciona con extremada rapidez en este campo, lo expuesto en el presente documento puede estar sujeto a modificaciones. La población de mayor edad es especialmente susceptible a la infección por COVID-19, así como a desarrollar criterios de gravedad. Este aumento de morbimortalidad en el paciente mayor se ha asociado tanto con las comorbilidades, especialmente la enfermedad cardiovascular, como con la situación de fragilidad, que conlleva una respuesta inmunológica más pobre. La situación actual, tanto por los países afectados como por el número de casos, constituye una pandemia y supone una emergencia sanitaria de primer nivel. Como España es uno de los países más envejecidos del mundo, la COVID-19 se ha convertido en una emergencia geriátrica. El presente documento se ha elaborado conjuntamente entre la Sección de Cardiología Geriátrica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. Abstract SARS-CoV2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 30 March 2020, has caused 7340 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2020.03.027 doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.03.027 id: cord-280078-jbwphya5 author: Bonati, Elena title: Postoperative vocal fold dysfunction in covid-19 era: are we still in time for a recovery? date: 2020-08-09 words: 1048.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280078-jbwphya5.txt summary: The latest guidelines published by the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons in March 2020 recommend laryngeal examination in patients with known or suspected new recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction after thyroidectomy, for additional evaluation and possible treatment with a speech pathologist. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, they assert that early referral (2-8 weeks post surgery) to a laryngologist, in combination with early intervention, results in superior voice outcomes, since the ideal time for vocal fold augmentation is <3 months after thyroidectomy [2] . Patients who underwent thyroid surgery from February 2020 and who had experienced a vocal fold disfunction (VFD) were unable to undergo a laryngoscopy nor, much less, a speech therapy, according to health measures necessary to contain the spread of the virus. COVID-19 pandemic: effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02433-y doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02433-y id: cord-320474-jyk7zphp author: Bonaventura, Aldo title: Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies date: 2020-07-03 words: 5082.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320474-jyk7zphp.txt summary: Initial findings from patients with COVID-19 treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody binding GM-CSF receptor α, showed oxygenation improvement and shorter hospitalization. Data supporting the role of hyperinflammation in sepsisrelated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are derived from a sub-group analysis of a phase 3 randomized controlled trial of IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), which showed significant survival benefit in patients treated with anakinra compared to placebo (15) . APC, antigen presenting cell; DC, dendritic cell; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study tested the effects of low-dose hrGM-CSF (molgramostim, 3 µg/kg daily) for 5 days in patients in addition to the standard of care in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and respiratory dysfunction (65) . abstract: COVID-19 is a clinical syndrome ranging from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia that often leads to respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. Most of the lung damage is driven by a surge in inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-monocyte stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. Blunting this hyperinflammation with immunomodulation may lead to clinical improvement. GM-CSF is produced by many cells, including macrophages and T-cells. GM-CSF-derived signals are involved in differentiation of macrophages, including alveolar macrophages (AMs). In animal models of respiratory infections, the intranasal administration of GM-CSF increased the proliferation of AMs and improved outcomes. Increased levels of GM-CSF have been recently described in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. While GM-CSF might be beneficial in some circumstances as an appropriate response, in this case the inflammatory response is maladaptive by virtue of being later and disproportionate. The inhibition of GM-CSF signaling may be beneficial in improving the hyperinflammation-related lung damage in the most severe cases of COVID-19. This blockade can be achieved through antagonism of the GM-CSF receptor or the direct binding of circulating GM-CSF. Initial findings from patients with COVID-19 treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody binding GM-CSF receptor α, showed oxygenation improvement and shorter hospitalization. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are ongoing. Anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibodies, TJ003234 and gimsilumab, will be tested in clinical trials in patients with COVID-19, while lenzilumab received FDA approval for compassionate use. These trials will help inform whether blunting the inflammatory signaling provided by the GM-CSF axis in COVID-19 is beneficial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719685/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01625 id: cord-353530-seu53c4s author: Bonavita, Simona title: Digital triage for people with multiple sclerosis in the age of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 words: 865.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353530-seu53c4s.txt summary: We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologists involved in the care of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) face a particular challenge since many of these patients (i) are on an immunotherapy, or (ii) belong-due to their disability and/or comorbidities-to the vulnerable proportion of the population, or both. Approaches to decrease the burden for health care workers and mitigate their risk (a) Empower improved handling of inbound volume (b) Reduce unnecessary visits and increase efficiency of triage protocols by proactively engaging patients through customized digital programs and care pathways. A possible way to pursue this objective is to use digital tools for surveillance and to triage patients through remote assessment of symptoms based on the US Center of Disease Control guidelines. abstract: We propose a possible approach for the remote monitoring of infection risk in people with multiple sclerosis, especially those on immunosuppressant drugs, during COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a digital triage tool to be sent to patients to quickly identify people with high risk of COVID-19 infection. This tool will also limit unnecessary accesses to the MS centers reducing the risk of spreading the infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303856/ doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04391-9 id: cord-345879-nbfg47x5 author: Bonaz, Bruno title: Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? date: 2020-07-29 words: 4072.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345879-nbfg47x5.txt summary: title: Targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with Covid-19? We hypothesize that this cytokine storm and the worsening of patients'' health status can be dampened or even prevented by specifically targeting the vagal-driven cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Hence, targeting the α7nAChRs through vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could be of interest in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, through the wide innervation of the organism by the vagus nerve, especially the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, VNS appears as a serious candidate for a few side effect treatment that could dampen or prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Indeed, a septic shock-induced increase of TNF in the liver and the blood in mice was dampened by stimulation of the distal end cut of the vagus nerve thus arguing for an anti-inflammatory effect of vagal efferents which release acetylcholine (ACh) (Borovikova et al. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at the origin of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, is characterized by a dramatic cytokine storm in some critical patients with COVID-19. This storm is due to the release of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemokines by respiratory epithelial and dendritic cells, and macrophages. We hypothesize that this cytokine storm and the worsening of patients’ health status can be dampened or even prevented by specifically targeting the vagal-driven cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). The CAP is a concept that involves an anti-inflammatory effect of vagal efferents by the release of acetylcholine (ACh). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (α7nAChRs) is required for ACh inhibition of macrophage-TNF release and cytokine modulation. Hence, targeting the α7nAChRs through vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could be of interest in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, through the wide innervation of the organism by the vagus nerve, especially the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, VNS appears as a serious candidate for a few side effect treatment that could dampen or prevent the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. Finally, a continuous vagal tone monitoring in patients with COVID-19 could be used as a predictive marker of COVID-19 illness course but also as a predictive marker of response to COVID-19 treatment such as VNS or others. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42234-020-00051-7 doi: 10.1186/s42234-020-00051-7 id: cord-258905-0hgdtalg author: Bond, Katherine title: Evaluation of Serological Tests for SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Serology Testing in a Low-Prevalence Setting date: 2020-08-06 words: 3663.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258905-0hgdtalg.txt summary: METHODS: Performance characteristics for 5 PoCT lateral flow devices approved for use in Australia were compared to a commercial enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and a recently described novel surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). A testing panel was specifically developed to test PoCT devices for this study (Supplementary Material), consisting of 3 patient populations: (1) sera from 91 patients with SARS-CoV-2 detected by RT-PCR from upper and/or lower respiratory tract specimens; (2) sera from 36 patients with seasonal coronavirus infections or other acute infections (eg, dengue, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus); and (3) serum from a random cohort (56 patients) of the Australian population obtained in 2018. In this study, we assessed the performance characteristics of 5 serological PoCT, a commercial ELISA, and a commercial novel sVNT against a large serum panel from a cohort of over 100 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. abstract: BACKGROUND: Robust serological assays are essential for long-term control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many recently released point-of-care (PoCT) serological assays have been distributed with little premarket validation. METHODS: Performance characteristics for 5 PoCT lateral flow devices approved for use in Australia were compared to a commercial enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and a recently described novel surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). RESULTS: Sensitivities for PoCT ranged from 51.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.1%–60.4%) to 67.9% (95% CI, 59.4%–75.6%), and specificities from 95.6% (95% CI, 89.2%–98.8%) to 100.0% (95% CI, 96.1%–100.0%). ELISA sensitivity for IgA or IgG detection was 67.9% (95% CI, 59.4%–75.6%), increasing to 93.8% (95% CI, 85.0%–98.3%) for samples >14 days post symptom onset. sVNT sensitivity was 60.9% (95% CI, 53.2%–68.4%), rising to 91.2% (95% CI, 81.8%–96.7%) for samples >14 days post symptom onset, with specificity 94.4% (95% CI, 89.2%–97.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Performance characteristics for COVID-19 serological assays were generally lower than those reported by manufacturers. Timing of specimen collection relative to onset of illness or infection is crucial in reporting of performance characteristics for COVID-19 serological assays. The optimal algorithm for implementing serological testing for COVID-19 remains to be determined, particularly in low-prevalence settings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761124/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa467 id: cord-292378-mz3cvc0p author: Bone, A. E. title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-06-09 words: 3910.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292378-mz3cvc0p.txt summary: In England and Wales, official mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveal that during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic, (7 th March to 15th May), there were over 41,000 COVID-19 deaths, most occurring in hospital (65%), with 28% in care homes and few elsewhere (7%). The objectives are: 1) to explore trends in place of death; 2) to explore the age and gender distribution of baseline deaths, COVID-19 deaths and additional deaths; 3) to estimate the proportion of people who died from COVID-19 who would have been in their last year of life, and differences by age; 4) to use this information to discuss implications for palliative care provision, service planning, and research. Using routine data and modelling scenarios to understand mortality patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, we highlight that care homes temporarily became the most common place to die in England and Wales, and that hospital and home deaths increased by over 50% while deaths in hospices fell by 20%. abstract: Background COVID-19 has directly and indirectly caused high mortality worldwide. Aim To explore patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for palliative care provision, planning, and research. Design Descriptive analysis and population-based modelling of routine data. Participants and setting All deaths registered in England and Wales between 7th March and 15th May 2020. We described the following mortality categories by age, gender and place of death: 1) baseline deaths (deaths that would typically occur in a given period) 2) COVID-19 deaths 3) additional deaths not directly attributed to COVID-19. We estimated the proportion of COVID-19 deaths among people who would be in their last year of life in the absence of the pandemic, using simple modelling with explicit assumptions. Results During the first 10 weeks of the pandemic there were 101,615 baseline deaths, 41,105 COVID-19 deaths and 14,520 additional deaths. Deaths in care homes increased by 220% compared to home and hospital deaths which increased by 77% and 90%. Hospice deaths fell by 20%. Additional deaths were among older people (86% aged [≥]75 years), and most occurred in care homes (56%) and at home (43%). We estimate that 44% (38% to 50%) of COVID-19 deaths occurred among people who would have been in their last year of life in the absence of the pandemic. Conclusions Healthcare systems must ensure availability of palliative care to support people with severe COVID-19 in community and hospital settings. Integrated models of palliative care in care homes are urgently needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20124693 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.07.20124693 id: cord-341806-7hatbzra author: Bone, Anna E title: Changing patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Population-based modelling to understand palliative care implications date: 2020-07-24 words: 4206.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341806-7hatbzra.txt summary: In England and Wales, official mortality data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) reveal that during the first 10 weeks of the pandemic (7 March to 15 May 2020), there were over 41,000 COVID-19 deaths, most occurring in hospitals (65%), with 28% in care homes and few elsewhere (7%). This study aims to explore patterns of mortality during the first 10 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales (7 March to 15 May 2020) to understand implications for palliative care, service planning and research. The objectives are (1) to explore trends in place of death; (2) to explore the age and gender distribution of baseline deaths, COVID-19 deaths and additional deaths; (3) to estimate the proportion of people who died from COVID-19 who would have been in their last year of life, and differences by age; and (4) to use this information to discuss implications for palliative care provision, service planning and research. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has directly and indirectly caused high mortality worldwide. AIM: To explore patterns of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for palliative care, service planning and research. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis and population-based modelling of routine data. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: All deaths registered in England and Wales between 7 March and 15 May 2020. We described the following mortality categories by age, gender and place of death: (1) baseline deaths (deaths that would typically occur in a given period); (2) COVID-19 deaths and (3) additional deaths not directly attributed to COVID-19. We estimated the proportion of people who died from COVID-19 who might have been in their last year of life in the absence of the pandemic using simple modelling with explicit assumptions. RESULTS: During the first 10 weeks of the pandemic, there were 101,614 baseline deaths, 41,105 COVID-19 deaths and 14,520 additional deaths. Deaths in care homes increased by 220%, while home and hospital deaths increased by 77% and 90%, respectively. Hospice deaths fell by 20%. Additional deaths were among older people (86% aged ⩾ 75 years), and most occurred in care homes (56%) and at home (43%). We estimate that 22% (13%–31%) of COVID-19 deaths occurred among people who might have been in their last year of life in the absence of the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in palliative care needs. Health and social care systems must ensure availability of palliative care to support people with severe COVID-19, particularly in care homes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706299/ doi: 10.1177/0269216320944810 id: cord-302708-wt86pp4l author: Bonell, Chris title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ‘social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles date: 2020-08-01 words: 2219.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302708-wt86pp4l.txt summary: title: Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ''social distancing'' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles As a group of behavioural and social scientists who have shared their advice with government through the UK''s Government Office for Science, we have collaborated to develop a series of principles to inform interventions to promote whole population adherence to social distancing measures. Messages promoting care for others are rooted in the psychology of social identity, 12 social influence 13 and moral behaviour, 14 with evidence of benefits in the COVID-19 and other health contexts. 17 18 In communicating such messages, it is important to recognise variation across population groups, for example by age, socio-economic status and ethnic group, in terms of what is given up when adhering to social distancing, 19 which might inform segmented communication and enablement strategies (see principle 8 below). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214290 doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-214290 id: cord-346276-1dcp05rd author: Bonfá, Eloisa title: How COVID-19 is changing rheumatology clinical practice date: 2020-11-02 words: 4809.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346276-1dcp05rd.txt summary: The emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 led to unprecedented changes to rheumatology clinical practice worldwide, including the closure of research laboratories, the restructuring of hospitals and the rapid transition to virtual care. Abstract | The emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 led to unprecedented changes to rheumatology clinical practice worldwide, including the closure of research laboratories, the restructuring of hospitals and the rapid transition to virtual care. Zhanguo Li. As a rheumatologist practicing at Peking University People''s Hospital, Beijing, the biggest challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic has been how to manage patients with rheumatic diseases remotely using online systems, social media platforms (such as WeChat) or telephone calls, because the patients simply could not physically attend the hospital. www.nature.com/nrrheum Zhanguo Li. To adapt to the totally unexpected changes to clinical practice, one option in my department of the People''s Hospital was to set up a consultant team consisting of 26 rheumatologists to provide medical service free to patients with rheumatic diseases, supported technically by an internet company. abstract: The emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020 led to unprecedented changes to rheumatology clinical practice worldwide, including the closure of research laboratories, the restructuring of hospitals and the rapid transition to virtual care. As governments sought to slow and contain the spread of the disease, rheumatologists were presented with the difficult task of managing risks, to their patients as well as to themselves, while learning and implementing new systems for remote health care. Consequently, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a transformation in health infrastructures and telemedicine that could become powerful tools for rheumatologists, despite having some limitations. In this Viewpoint, five experts from different regions discuss their experiences of the pandemic, including the most challenging aspects of this unexpected transition, the advantages and limitations of virtual visits, and potential opportunities going forward. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-00527-5 doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-00527-5 id: cord-350521-jfd5gd2p author: Bong, Choon-Looi title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-04-20 words: 3712.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.txt summary: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. -William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming A s news of a novel viral illness in China emerged in January 2020 1 and until the day when the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, 2 those who live and work in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) held their collective breath. 6 Countries have closed their borders, enforced strict social isolation and quarantine procedures, and increased testing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. This will further reduce resources available for health care, not just in managing COVID-19 patients, but also for those with many other major medical conditions. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, its effects could be even more dire, because it will be difficult for them to respond aggressively to the pandemic. There is a great shortage of all health care providers, who will be at risk due to a lack of personal protection equipment. Social distancing will be almost impossible. The necessary resources to treat patients will be in short supply. The end result could be a catastrophic loss of life. A global effort will be required to support faltering economies and health care systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 id: cord-346967-br4kpm6i author: Bongiovanni, Marco title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 words: 924.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt summary: Acute liver injury at admission is a quite common finding in subjects affected by COVID-19 pneumonia (5) ; although the elevation of aminotransferases is usually mild, it seems associated with disease severity. In particular, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (6) . We report here the case of a young woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in absence of respiratory symptoms, presenting at the admission with significant elevation of liver function tests compatible with acute hepatitis. (8) described a non-icteric, acute hepatitis in an HIV-infected woman, but their patient developed overt respiratory symptoms in the hours immediately following diagnosis and also had other possible causes of liver tests abnormalities such as the use of concomitant drugs and a fair number of comorbidities. Mild-to moderate liver test abnormalities are becoming a frequent finding in subjects admitted to hospital for COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305867 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.001 id: cord-336481-vrnxu217 author: Bonifácio, Lívia Pimenta title: Are SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence possible? a case report from Brazil date: 2020-09-18 words: 1521.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336481-vrnxu217.txt summary: Case reports have identified persistent or recurrent elimination of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal samples, raising the possibility of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 [4] [5] [6] [7] . She also reported that the doctor who provided medical care for her on the second episode developed flu-like symptoms about a week after the contact, and Covid-19 was lately confirmed on him by means of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR. DISCUSSION Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, due to several reports of persistent detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR in a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab, but without recurrence of symptoms, the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection has been suggested and investigated by different researchers around the world 5,6,10,11 . In conclusion, this case report presents strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and Covid-19 recurrence, although rare, are possible. This possibility should be further investigated in patients presenting with recurrence of Covid-19 symptoms. abstract: With the large number of individuals infected and recovered from Covid-19, there is intense discussion about the quality and duration of the immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the possibility of disease recurrence. Here we report a case with strong clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial evidence of, not only reinfection by SARS-CoV-2, but also clinical recurrence of Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0619-2020 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0619-2020 id: cord-030506-mqsgqfbs author: Bonilla-Molina, Luis title: Covid-19 on Route of the Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2020-08-15 words: 2477.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030506-mqsgqfbs.txt summary: Following Covid-19 lockdowns and transitions to online education, the Global Pedagogical Blackout is now more clearly evidenced as a consequence of the transformation of the capitalist mode of production through the acceleration of scientific-technological innovation (Bonilla-Molina 2020a, b, c, d) . The preventive quarantine has been used to enhance the construction of hegemony upon a new model of education, virtual education at home (Bonilla-Molina 2020e, f), which is already in proposal by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), World Bank, Organization for Economic Development (OECD), and the US Trump administration. During the Covid-19 pandemic and its social distancing context, parents and families are abruptly given the responsibility to endow their students with equipped computers, the Internet, access to platforms, and a ''virtual pedagogy.'' This is not a temporary situation as we are led to believe, but an integral part of the political and ideological architecture of education and schooling that has been in the making for a long time (Bonilla-Molina 2020g). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428423/ doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00179-4 id: cord-333417-edc509xr author: Bontempi, Elza title: Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research date: 2020-06-13 words: 1612.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333417-edc509xr.txt summary: title: Commercial exchanges instead of air pollution as possible origin of COVID-19 initial diffusion phase in Italy: more efforts are necessary to address interdisciplinary research In particular, due to several episodes of air pollution observed in the past in China (Wang 30 et al., 2012) and in Northern Italy, especially in the Po valley (Perrino C et al., 2014) , a 31 correlation between airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration and the reported 32 infection cases was proposed by a position paper (Position paper). Based on this work, 33 several newspapers and some research articles (Frontera et al., 2020) , (Sterpetti, 2020) 34 were published reporting the possibility that airborne PM acts as a carrier in COVID-19 35 diffusion (pollution-to human transmission). First data analysis about possible COVID-19 virus airborne diffusion due to 220 air particulate matter (PM): the case of Lombardy (Italy) Environmental Research (2020) 221 186, 109639 abstract: This communication aims to advocate a more coordinate activity mainly between medical and environmental scientists to clarify some confusing information related to airborne diffusion mechanisms of COVID-19. In this frame it is suggested that parameters other than environmental pollution (accounting for pollution-to human transmission mechanisms), as for example parameters involving commercial exchanges (accounting for human-to human transmission mechanisms), should be considered to better justify the difference in the initial diffusion of virus in Italy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562948/ doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109775 id: cord-275274-ptgcd6tm author: Boon, Ian S. title: Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 1450.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275274-ptgcd6tm.txt summary: title: Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 has altered oncology workflow, patient care, medical education and research. Initial small case series from China showed possible increased risks to cancer patients 1 and significant oncology practice changes were implemented based on this in an abundance of caution by clinicians expecting healthcare disruptions. 4, 5 All practitioners must recognise uncertainties in making treatment decisions with cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 14 Virtual conferences that have been adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic have been effective in providing continuing professional development and medical education. There are lessons to be learnt from this pandemic and effective mitigation strategies should be shared within the radiation oncology community for the benefit of our patients. The response of the UK clinical oncology community to the COVID-19 pandemic Continuing medical student education during the COVID19 pandemic: development of a virtual radiation oncology clerkship abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33097437/ doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.002 id: cord-290939-tqi0v1w8 author: Boon, Ian S. title: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns date: 2020-04-25 words: 488.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290939-tqi0v1w8.txt summary: title: Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer clinician decision making: Known knowns and known unknowns Madam -COVID-19 is a global pandemic [1] and poses a significant challenge to cancer patients. Conversely, the COVID-19 case fatality rates must be interpreted with caution with regards to the lag time effect [2] . Oncologist will have to recognise the uncertainty in quantifying the risks of COVID-19 to cancer patients. [3] suggested the postponement of cancer treatments but an alternative approach is to stratify treatment modalities according to treatment intent, effectiveness and individualised risk benefit assessment with careful discussion with patients [4] . No clinical protocols can replace the clinical acumen of oncologists in recommending treatment decisions to patients. First they are patients, then they have cancer and third they can contract COVID-19 during cancer treatments. Clinical guide for the management of cancer patients during the coronavirus pandemic RCR position on coronavirus (COVID-19) for clinical oncology abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0936655520301886?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.010 id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 words: 7251.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt summary: We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. abstract: We are asking: why are the dynamics and control of Covid-19 most interesting for mathematicians and why are mathematicians urgently needed for controlling the pandemic? First we present our comments in a Bottom-up approach, i.e., following the events from their beginning as they evolved through time. They happened differently in different countries, and the main objective of the first part is to compare these evolutions in a few selected countries with each other. The second part of the article is not"country-oriented"but"problem-oriented". From a given problem we go Top-down to its solutions and their applications in concrete situations. We have organized this part by the mathematical methods that play a role in their solution. We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07929v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-335138-37czoiq8 author: Booz, George W. title: Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective date: 2020-09-11 words: 774.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335138-37czoiq8.txt summary: The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19. Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in 677 mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China 678 and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts abstract: COVID-19 has caused worldwide death and economic destruction. The pandemic is the result of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has demonstrated high rates of infectivity leading to great morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. At present, scientists are exploring various approaches to curb this pandemic and alleviate its health consequences, while racing to develop a vaccine. A particularly insidious aspect of COVID-19 is the delayed overactivation of the body's immune system that is manifested as the cytokine storm. This unbridled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can directly or indirectly cause massive organ damage and failure. Systemic vascular endothelial inflammation and thrombocytopenia are potential consequences as well. In the case of COVID-19, the cytokine storm often fits the pattern of the macrophage activation syndrome with lymphocytopenia. The basis for the imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems is not clearly defined, but highlights the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages. Here we discuss the potential underlying basis for the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on macrophages, both direct and indirect, and potential therapeutic targets. These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferons, and CXCL10 (IP-10). Various biopharmaceuticals are being repurposed to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the rationale for activating the macrophage alpha 7 nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of macrophages could lead to novel and more effective treatments for COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299920306397?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547 id: cord-289266-4830qw10 author: Borchert, Alex title: Managing Urology Consultations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway date: 2020-04-21 words: 1073.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289266-4830qw10.txt summary: METHODS: Consultations to the urology service during a three-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of three pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Consultations to the urology service during a three-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of three pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. The present report details the efforts of the Urology Department (Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI) to develop and implement an inpatient consultation triage pathway to minimize unnecessary exposure for providers and patients, while providing safe and effective care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implementing a urology consultation triage pathway allowed for appropriate inpatient urologic consultation management while minimizing the risk of exposure for both patients and urology team members during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. METHODS: Consultations to the urology service during a three-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of three pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Standard consults were in-person consults with non- COVID-19 patients, High-Risk consults were in-person consults with COVID-19 positive/suspected patients, and Telemedicine consults were telephonic consults for low-acuity urologic issues in either group of patients. Patient demographics, consultation parameters and consultation outcomes were compared to consultations from the month of March 2019. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Mann-Whitney U test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Between March 16 and April 2, 2020, 53 inpatient consultations were performed. By following our triage pathway, a total of 19/53 consultations (35.8%) were performed via Telemedicine with no in-person exposure, 10/53 consultations (18.9%) were High-Risk, in which we strictly controlled the urology team member in-person contact, and the remainder, 24/53 consultations (45.2%), were performed as Standard in-person encounters. COVID-19 associated consultations represented 18/53 (34.0%) of all consultations during this period, and of these, 8/18 (44.4%) were managed successfully via Telemedicine alone. No team member developed COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most urology consultations can be managed in a patient and physician safety-conscious manner, by implementing a novel triage pathway. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090429520303952?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.059 id: cord-262499-68vmdqky author: Bordi, Licia title: Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay date: 2020-10-20 words: 5037.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262499-68vmdqky.txt summary: We evaluated the use of commercial Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay on OF samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, for identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, duration of viral shedding, and determining the assay specificity and sensitivity on OF samples compared to NPS and BAL samples. The first performance evaluation on clinical specimen was done by testing 41 consecutive OF samples, including 9 samples from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients, with the Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay and comparing results with that obtained using RT-PCR method established by Corman VM. The performance of Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on clinical specimens was further established by testing in parallel NPS and OF samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The performance of Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on clinical specimens was further established by testing in parallel NPS and OF samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Second, results from testing on paired OF, NPS and BAL samples by Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay showed almost perfect concordance for virus detection, and high correlation of Ct values. abstract: Background: RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal (NPS)/oropharyngeal swabs is the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load monitoring. Oral fluid (OF) is an alternate clinical sample, easy and safer to collect and could be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis, monitoring viral load and shedding. Methods: Optimal assay conditions and analytical sensitivity were established for the commercial Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay adapted to OF matrix. The assay was used to test 337 OF and NPS specimens collected in parallel from 164 hospitalized patients; 50 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from a subgroup of severe COVID-19 cases were also analysed. Results: Using Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct on OF matrix, 100% analytical detection down to 1 TCID50/mL (corresponding to 4 × 10(3) copies (cp)/mL) was observed. No crossreaction with other viruses transmitted through the respiratory toute was observed. Parallel testing of 337 OF and NPS samples showed highly concordant results (κ = 0.831; 95 % CI = 0.771–0.891), and high correlation of Ct values (r = 0.921; p < 0.0001). High concordance and elevated correlation was observed also between OF and BAL. Prolonged viral RNA shedding was observed up to 100 days from symptoms onset (DSO), with 32% and 29% positivity observed in OF and NPS samples, respectively, collected between 60 and 100 DSO. Conclusions: Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on OF have high sensitivity and specificity to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and provide an alternative to NPS for diagnosis and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 shedding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092065/ doi: 10.3390/v12101184 id: cord-295957-s17z2ccf author: Bordi, Licia title: Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using the Simplexa™ COVID-19 direct assay date: 2020-05-04 words: 1923.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295957-s17z2ccf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: So far, one of the major drawbacks of the available molecular assays for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the need for viral nucleic acid extraction from clinical specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and specificity of this new assay indicate that it is promising for laboratory diagnosis, enabling highspeed detection in just over one hour, which is significantly faster than the up to five hours currently required by traditional extraction followed by amplification technologies, thus allowing prompt decision making regarding isolation of infected patients. Moreover, to evaluate the performance of the test in a different clinical specimen, a total of 33 Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) collected for COVID-19 diagnosis between 20 March and 03 April 2020 were also analysed in parallel with the Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay and the routine laboratory method, based on the WHO protocols (7, 8) , using the Abbot m2000 extraction platform. abstract: BACKGROUND: So far, one of the major drawbacks of the available molecular assays for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the need for viral nucleic acid extraction from clinical specimens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a newly designed real-time RT-PCR (Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay), that is established with an all-in-one reagent mix and no separate extraction required. RESULTS: The lower limit of detection (LOD) for both target genes resulted the same: 3.2 (CI: 2.9–3.8) log10 cp/mL and 0.40 (CI: 0.2–1.5) TCID50/mL for S gene while 3.2 log10 (CI: 2.9–3.7) log10 cp/mL and 0.4 (CI: 0.2–1.3) TCID50/mL for ORF1ab. The LOD obtained with extracted viral RNA for both S gene or ORF1ab was 2.7 log10 cp/mL. Crossreactive analysis performed in 20 nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed a 100% of clinical specificity of the assay. Clinical performances of Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay were assessed in 278 nasopharyngeal swabs tested in parallel with Corman's method. Concordance analysis showed an "almost perfect" agreement in SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection between the two assays, being κ = 0.938; SE = 0.021; 95% CI = 0.896-0.980. CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity and specificity of this new assay indicate that it is promising for laboratory diagnosis, enabling highspeed detection in just over one hour, which is significantly faster than the up to five hours currently required by traditional extraction followed by amplification technologies, thus allowing prompt decision making regarding isolation of infected patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138665322030158X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104416 id: cord-317776-gw3jmalz author: Boreskie, Kevin F. title: Age is just a number – and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-01 words: 935.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317776-gw3jmalz.txt summary: title: Age is just a number – and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic 3 As this pandemic develops, emergency physicians must be familiar with a more global approach to the assessment of patients'' physiologic resilience and chance of benefit with intensive care. Instead of making decisions based on chronological age, the NICE COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: The COVID-19 guideline presented by NICE proposes the use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Patient placement on this scale is based on evaluation by an experienced clinician using a summary assessment of health and recent function to estimate their level of frailty or robustness. 9 It is a rapid and ED-friendly method already used in every National Health Service (NHS) ED in the United Kingdom, and seems practical to use in the context of COVID-19 patients presenting to an overwhelmed hospital (Figure 1 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32234101/ doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.358 id: cord-292386-hfbgigj6 author: Borges, Lysandro Pinto title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil date: 2020-10-06 words: 3897.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292386-hfbgigj6.txt summary: In order to support the ongoing public health response, all participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were contacted by phone by staff from the designated authorities to track the infection. The importance of NPIs on reducing the infection rate was observed in Vo, Italy, where prevalence estimates showed a significant decrease after a period of lockdown, suggesting that viral transmission could be effectively suppressed by combining the early isolation of detected cases with social distancing total assessed cases in that city [CI, 11.5% -21.4%]) and 12 (5.9% of the total assessed cases in that city [CI, 3.1% -10.1%]) cases; Itabaiana, that presented 55 (14.8% of the total assessed cases in that city [CI, 11.4 -18.9]) and 17 of the total assessed cases in that city (5.4% [CI, 3.1% -8.4%]) cases, being the three cities with the highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state. abstract: OBJECTIVE. To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in an asymptomatic population in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS. This cross-sectional study with stratified sampling (sex and age) included serological immunofluorescent tests for IgM and IgG on samples from 3 046 asymptomatic individuals. Sample collection was performed in wet-markets of the 10 most populous cities of Sergipe, Brazil. Exclusion criteria included symptomatic individuals and health workers. The presence of comorbidities was registered. RESULTS. Of the 3 046 participants, 1 577 (51.8%) were female and 1 469 (48.2%) were male; the mean age was 39.76 (SD 16.83) years old. 2 921 tests were considered valid for IgM and 2 635 for IgG. Of the valid samples, 347 (11.9% [CI 10.7%–13.1%]) tested positive for IgM and 218 (8.3% [CI 7.2%–9.4%]) tested positive for IgG. Women over 40 had the highest prevalence for IgM (group C, p=0.006; group D p=0.04). The capital Aracaju displayed the highest prevalence for both antibodies; 83 (26.3% [CI 21.6%-31.6%]) tested positive for IgM and 35 (14.6% [CI 10.4%-19.7%]) for IgG. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (64/123 individuals) and diabetes (29/123). CONCLUSIONS. A high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found among asymptomatic persons in Sergipe. Women over 40 showed the highest rates. The capital, Aracaju, displayed the highest seroprevalence. Surveys like this one are important to understand how the virus spreads and to help authorities to plan measures to control it. Repeated serologic testing are required to track the progress of the epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.108 doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.108 id: cord-351689-nyfsv357 author: Borghesi, Andrea title: COVID-19 Pneumonia: Three Thoracic Complications in the Same Patient date: 2020-07-20 words: 2311.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351689-nyfsv357.txt summary: The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we present interesting computed tomography images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis and spontaneous pneumothorax. The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, we have presented interesting CT images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism ( Figure 1 ) and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis (Figures 2 and 3 ) and spontaneous pneumothorax ( Figure 3 ). COVID-19-associated lung injury and its progression toward pulmonary fibrosis could be the main causative factor for spontaneous pneumothorax in our patient. abstract: The most dreaded thoracic complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary fibrosis. Both the complications are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. While acute pulmonary embolism is not a rare finding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Spontaneous pneumothorax is another possible complication in COVID-19 pneumonia, although its observation is rather uncommon. Herein, we present interesting computed tomography images of the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that initially developed acute pulmonary embolism and subsequently showed progression toward pulmonary fibrosis and spontaneous pneumothorax. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698424/ doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10070498 id: cord-339406-81a7fkpj author: Borghi, M. O. title: Prevalence, specificity, and clinical association of anti-phospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients: are the antibodies really guilty? date: 2020-06-19 words: 3152.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339406-81a7fkpj.txt summary: Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-{beta}2GPI antibodies. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against {beta}2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. APS is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by venous and arterial thrombosis in the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) that can prolong phospholipid-dependent clotting time assays [3] . Importantly, aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly reacting against β 2 -glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies found in APS patients. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients positive for IgG/IgA/IgM aCL and anti-β 2 GPI antibodies detected by ELISA and CIA is summarized in Table 1 . There was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. abstract: Background. Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a profound hypercoagulable state and often develop coagulopathy which leads to organ failure and death. Because of a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time (aPTT), a relationship with anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been proposed, but results are controversial. Functional assays for aPL (i.e., lupus anticoagulant) can be influenced by concomitant anticoagulation and/or high levels of C reactive protein. The presence of anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-{beta}2GPI and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies was not investigated systematically. Epitope specificity of anti-{beta}2GPI antibodies was not reported. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-{beta}2GPI antibodies. Methods. ELISA and chemiluminescence assays were used to test 122 sera of patients suffering from severe COVID-19. Of them, 16 displayed major thrombotic events. Results. Anti-{beta}2GPI IgG/IgA/IgM were the most frequent in 15.6/6.6/9.0% of patients, while aCL IgG/IgM were detected in 5.7/6.6% by ELISA. Comparable values were found by chemiluminescence. aPS/PT IgG/IgM were detectable in 2.5 and 9.8% by ELISA. No association between thrombosis and aPL was found. Reactivity against domain 1 and 4-5 of {beta}2GPI was limited to 3/58 (5.2%) tested sera for each domain and did not correlate with aCL/anti-{beta}2GPI nor with thrombosis. Conclusion. aPL show a low prevalence in COVID-19 patients and are not associated with major thrombotic events. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against {beta}2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20134114 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20134114 id: cord-336924-7xcbtn3q author: Borghi, Maria Orietta title: Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Are Different From Those Detectable in the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome date: 2020-10-15 words: 3190.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336924-7xcbtn3q.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-β(2)GPI antibodies. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against β(2)GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients positive for aCL and anti-b 2 GPI IgG/IgA/ IgM detected by ELISA and CIA is summarized in Table 2 . Again, there was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. Again, there was no association between prolonged aPTT and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies nor with thrombotic events in our COVID-19 cohort. In conclusion, while the medium/high aPL titers with D1 specificity are associated with vascular events in APS, low antibody titers with reactivity against b 2 GPI epitope(s) different from D1 or D4,5 can be found in COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a profound hypercoagulable state and often develop coagulopathy which leads to organ failure and death. Because of a prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time (aPTT), a relationship with anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) has been proposed, but results are controversial. Functional assays for aPL (i.e., lupus anticoagulant) can be influenced by concomitant anticoagulation and/or high levels of C reactive protein. The presence of anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-β(2)GPI), and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies was not investigated systematically. Epitope specificity of anti-β(2)GPI antibodies was not reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical association of aPL in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, and to characterize the epitope specificity of anti-β(2)GPI antibodies. METHODS: ELISA and chemiluminescence assays were used to test 122 sera of patients suffering from severe COVID-19. Of them, 16 displayed major thrombotic events. RESULTS: Anti-β(2)GPI IgG/IgA/IgM was the most frequent in 15.6/6.6/9.0% of patients, while aCL IgG/IgM was detected in 5.7/6.6% by ELISA. Comparable values were found by chemiluminescence. aPS/PT IgG/IgM were detectable in 2.5 and 9.8% by ELISA. No association between thrombosis and aPL was found. Reactivity against domain 1 and 4-5 of β(2)GPI was limited to 3/58 (5.2%) tested sera for each domain and did not correlate with aCL/anti-β(2)GPI nor with thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: aPL show a low prevalence in COVID-19 patients and are not associated with major thrombotic events. aPL in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against β(2)GPI but display an epitope specificity different from antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.584241 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584241 id: cord-285232-0p27ez9i author: Boriani, Giuseppe title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical activities related to arrhythmias and electrophysiology in Italy: results of a survey promoted by AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing) date: 2020-09-05 words: 5849.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285232-0p27ez9i.txt summary: The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions: five of them focused on the characteristics of the participating centre (i.e. involvement of the centres and of the physicians in the management of suspected and confirmed patients with COVID-19, volume of annual CIEDs implantations and ablation procedures); seven of them focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the number of CIED implantations and ablation procedures performed in both elective and emergency settings, and on the number of cases of acute pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in emergency setting; two of them focused on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of remote monitoring (RM) of CIEDs; the remaining four were focused on the possible organizational strategies for post-COVID-19 recovery phase. Based on the reported procedure volumes, we estimated that, during the two months March-April 2020 in the 84 centres that participated in the survey, globally about 2200 fewer CIEDs had been implanted and about 960 fewer ablations had been performed (in both elective and emergency settings) compared to the same period of the previous year. abstract: COVID-19 outbreak had a major impact on the organization of care in Italy, and a survey to evaluate provision of for arrhythmia during COVID-19 outbreak (March–April 2020) was launched. A total of 104 physicians from 84 Italian arrhythmia centres took part in the survey. The vast majority of participating centres (95.2%) reported a significant reduction in the number of elective pacemaker implantations during the outbreak period compared to the corresponding two months of year 2019 (50.0% of centres reported a reduction of > 50%). Similarly, 92.9% of participating centres reported a significant reduction in the number of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantations for primary prevention, and 72.6% a significant reduction of ICD implantations for secondary prevention (> 50% in 65.5 and 44.0% of the centres, respectively). The majority of participating centres (77.4%) reported a significant reduction in the number of elective ablations (> 50% in 65.5% of the centres). Also the interventional procedures performed in an emergency setting, as well as acute management of atrial fibrillation had a marked reduction, thus leading to the conclusion that the impact of COVID-19 was disrupting the entire organization of health care, with a massive impact on the activities and procedures related to arrhythmia management in Italy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11739-020-02487-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889687/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02487-w id: cord-310228-bqpvykce author: Borkowski, A. A. title: Using Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Chest X-ray Diagnosis date: 2020-05-26 words: 3193.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310228-bqpvykce.txt summary: We utilized publicly available CXR images for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, pneumonia from other etiologies, and normal CXRs as a dataset to train Microsoft CustomVision. We then validated the program using CXRs of patients from our institution with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses along with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal CXRs. Our model performed with 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 97% accuracy, 91% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. We first trained the Microsoft CustomVision automated image classification and object detection system to differentiate cases of COVID-19 from pneumonia from other etiologies as well as normal lung CXRs. We then tested our model against known patients from our medical center. We have utilized a readily available, commercial platform to demonstrate the potential of AI to assist in the successful diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia on CXR images. abstract: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by a novel member of the coronavirus family, is a respiratory disease that rapidly reached pandemic proportions with high morbidity and mortality. It has had a dramatic impact on society and world economies in only a few months. COVID-19 presents numerous challenges to all aspects of healthcare, including reliable methods for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Initial efforts to contain the spread of the virus were hampered by the time required to develop reliable diagnostic methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field of computer science with many applications to healthcare. Machine learning is a subset of AI that employs deep learning with neural network algorithms. It can recognize patterns and achieve complex computational tasks often far quicker and with increased precision than humans. In this manuscript, we explore the potential for a simple and widely available test as a chest x-ray (CXR) to be utilized with AI to diagnose COVID-19 reliably. Microsoft CustomVision is an automated image classification and object detection system that is a part of Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services. We utilized publicly available CXR images for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, pneumonia from other etiologies, and normal CXRs as a dataset to train Microsoft CustomVision. Our trained model overall demonstrated 92.9% sensitivity (recall) and positive predictive value (precision), with results for each label showing sensitivity and positive predictive value at 94.8% and 98.9% for COVID-19 pneumonia, 89% and 91.8% for non-COVID-19 pneumonia, 95% and 88.8% for normal lung. We then validated the program using CXRs of patients from our institution with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses along with non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal CXRs. Our model performed with 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 97% accuracy, 91% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. Finally, we developed and described a publicly available website to demonstrate how this technology can be made readily available in the future. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.21.20106518v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20106518 id: cord-328352-l1q4uvxl author: Borlongan, Mia C. title: The Disillusioned Comfort with COVID-19 and the Potential of Convalescent Plasma and Cell Therapy date: 2020-08-25 words: 3236.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328352-l1q4uvxl.txt summary: This investigational treatment uses plasma that contains antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Subsequent to the Spanish flu pandemic, the treatment with convalescent plasma has been studied in similar outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as the 2003 SARS-CoV-1 epidemic, the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic, and the 2012 MERS-CoV epidemic 19, 20 . (2) Another small study on ten severe COVID-19 Chinese patients revealed that nine patients displayed increased neutralizing antibody titers, and the viral load in seven patients becoming undetectable by day seven post-infusion of convalescent plasma, but only 3 exhibited improved respiratory function 23 . In all these five clinical studies, it is understandable that because convalescent plasma treatment remains experimental, the target population is initially the severe or critically ill patients, who have high mortality and worst morbidity, which may mask the potential functional benefits of the treatment. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is highly infectious, which can lead to acute and chronic debilitating symptoms, as well as mortality. The advent of safe and effective vaccines or antiviral drugs remains distant in the future. Practical public health measures, such as social distancing, hand washing, and wearing a face mask, are the current recommended guidelines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for limiting the spread of the virus. Weakened immune system and aberrant inflammation represent a major pathological symptom of COVID-19 patients. Based on the unique immunomodulatory properties of both convalescent plasma and stem cells, we discuss here their potential use for treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689720940719 doi: 10.1177/0963689720940719 id: cord-151667-nz26lxyk author: Born, Jannis title: Accelerating COVID-19 Differential Diagnosis with Explainable Ultrasound Image Analysis date: 2020-09-13 words: 5985.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-151667-nz26lxyk.txt summary: We provide the largest publicly available lung ultrasound (US) dataset for COVID-19 consisting of 106 videos from three classes (COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls); curated and approved by medical experts. Here, we provide the first study of automatic lung ultrasound analysis for differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia; aiming to develop a medical decision support tool. Literature on exploiting medical image analysis and computer vision techniques to classify or segment CT or CXR data of COVID-19 patients recently exploded (for reviews, see Shi et al. In comparison to a naïve, frame-based video classifier (obtained by averaging scores of all frames), we also investigate Models Genesis, a generic model for 3D medical image analysis pretrained on lung CT scans [54] . Concerning per-class prediction accuracies, it is evident that bacterial pneumonia infections are distinguished best, with recall, precision, and specificity above 0.93 for VGG and VGG-CAM, indicating the models'' ability to recognize strong irregularities in lung images. abstract: Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic largely hinges upon the existence of fast, safe, and highly-available diagnostic tools. Ultrasound, in contrast to CT or X-Ray, has many practical advantages and can serve as a globally-applicable first-line examination technique. We provide the largest publicly available lung ultrasound (US) dataset for COVID-19 consisting of 106 videos from three classes (COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls); curated and approved by medical experts. On this dataset, we perform an in-depth study of the value of deep learning methods for differential diagnosis of COVID-19. We propose a frame-based convolutional neural network that correctly classifies COVID-19 US videos with a sensitivity of 0.98+-0.04 and a specificity of 0.91+-08 (frame-based sensitivity 0.93+-0.05, specificity 0.87+-0.07). We further employ class activation maps for the spatio-temporal localization of pulmonary biomarkers, which we subsequently validate for human-in-the-loop scenarios in a blindfolded study with medical experts. Aiming for scalability and robustness, we perform ablation studies comparing mobile-friendly, frame- and video-based architectures and show reliability of the best model by aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty estimates. We hope to pave the road for a community effort toward an accessible, efficient and interpretable screening method and we have started to work on a clinical validation of the proposed method. Data and code are publicly available. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.06116v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-346347-r4ork18p author: Borrion, Hervé title: Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-14 words: 7552.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346347-r4ork18p.txt summary: There are reasons to believe that crime-related performance measures during a pandemic period, or other disasters, may not match the idealised resilience triangle, but rather resemble the dipper-shaped function depicted in Fig 2. Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China RD(n) provides a useful measure to monitor the operating level (%) of offenders. In the case where the crime level in this phase exceeds the pre-Disruptive Event (t DE ) level (μ 7 �μ 1 ), two sub-indicators can be used to measure the ecosystem''s resilience during the recovery phase. Measuring the resilience of criminogenic ecosystems to global disruption: A case-study of COVID-19 in China between τ − and τ + shows it took significantly longer for crime to drop than to return to its expected level. abstract: This paper uses resilience as a lens through which to analyse disasters and other major threats to patterns of criminal behaviour. A set of indicators and mathematical models are introduced that aim to quantitatively describe changes in crime levels in comparison to what could otherwise be expected, and what might be expected by way of adaptation and subsequent resumption of those patterns. The validity of the proposed resilience assessment tool is demonstrated using commercial theft data from the COVID-19 pandemic period. A 64 per cent reduction in crime was found in the studied city (China) during an 83-day period, before daily crime levels bounced back to higher than expected values. The proposed resilience indicators are recommended as benchmarking instruments for evaluating and comparing the global impact of COVID-19 policies on crime and public safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240077 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240077 id: cord-314948-7tnrfk24 author: Borrás, A title: Pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 y reproducción asistida date: 2020-06-19 words: 5419.0 sentences: 561.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314948-7tnrfk24.txt summary: Estas medidas fueron cruciales no sólo para permitir hospitales e instalaciones médicas tratar el aumento explosivo de pacientes con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (denominada COVID19) , sino también para reducir la transmisión de la enfermedad, mediante estrategias de mitigación, especialmente individuales (el aislamiento). Se sugiere que la presencia de ACE2 puede ser uno de los principales determinantes de la susceptibilidad de las células a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida Recomendaciones para la seguridad y reducción de riesgos ante la infección por coronavirus ( SARS-CoV-2 ) en las unidades de reproducción asistida abstract: Abstract The pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a process of adaptation to the new situation by society as a whole and, therefore, by assisted reproduction centres. After the acute phase of the health crisis, when activity was drastically reduced, cycles have resumed, guided by the recommendations of scientific societies. In this article, a review is presented of all the published information regarding the virus and the reproductive system, pointing out the presence of ACE2 in the female and male reproductive system, at the testicular, ovarian, endometrial and embryonic levels. In addition, a comparative analysis is carried out between the recommendations of the scientific societies regarding the screening of infection, performance standards, and general laboratory measurements. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.004 doi: 10.1016/j.gine.2020.06.004 id: cord-012587-h3c9novk author: Bos, Lieuwe D. J. title: Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management date: 2020-09-17 words: 1457.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012587-h3c9novk.txt summary: title: Subphenotyping Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences for Ventilator Management Most patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe COVID-19 meet the criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and proven therapies for ARDS not related to COVID-19 are likely effective in these patients as well. Based on these preliminary data, we conclude that compliance and an estimation of lung weight do not correlate in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive endexpiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome Lung morphology predicts response to recruitment maneuver in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462326/ doi: 10.1513/annalsats.202004-376rl id: cord-012010-5h2ox3hu author: Bos, Lieuwe D.J. title: Response to “COVID-19 conundrum: Clinical phenotyping based on pathophysiology as a promising approach to guide therapy in a novel illness” and “Strengthening the foundation of the house of CARDS by phenotyping on the fly” and “COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading?” date: 2020-08-03 words: 2153.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012010-5h2ox3hu.txt summary: take issue with our interpretation of the respiratory physiology of COVID-19, arguing that it is based merely on "small cohort studies," instead arguing that "a high proportion of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients exhibit near-normal lung compliance." [1] Yet the low respiratory compliance of COVID19 patients has now been extensively demonstrated by studies totaling more than 800 COVID-19 patients [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] , including a direct comparison with non-COVID ARDS patients that revealed no difference in respiratory compliance. In his response to our Editorial, Dr. Rajendram reveals a curious misinterpretation of our Editorial: "Thus, whilst the net effect of the ARDSNet protocol is beneficial at the level of the study population, theoretically, it may harm select patients… contrary to the opinions of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and Bos and colleagues, the ARDSNet protocol is not a panacea." Putting aside the wishful thinking of a supportive intervention functioning as a "panacea" for a condition with persistent mortality of 30-40%, the correspondent (along with Drs. Cherian et al.) seems to think that we dispute the heterogeneity of ARDS, and advocate for a "one-size-fits-all" approach to its clinical management. abstract: We argue that phenotyping of COVID-19 related ARDS should be done using careful, data-driven approaches. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397944/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.02756-2020 id: cord-260218-add4i1c9 author: Bosch‐Amate, X title: Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid‐19 coagulopathy date: 2020-06-03 words: 448.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260218-add4i1c9.txt summary: Recalcati(1) asserted that 20.4% of infected patients developed cutaneous manifestations and Galván‐Casas et al(2) have recently proposed 5 clinical patterns (pseudo‐chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular and livedo/necrosis). 6 Purpura, Raynaud''s phenomenon, chilblain-like and erythema multiforme-like lesions in young asymptomatic patients have also been observed with this infection, although the connection with coagulopathy is unknown. 7, 8 Our patient presented with retiform purpura as a cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 coagulopathy. 9 Our case highlights the concomitant presentation of cutaneous microthrombi presenting as retiform purpura and macrothrombi presenting as pulmonary thromboembolism in the setting of COVID-19 coagulopathy. From now on, we will have to include COVID-19 infection in the differential diagnosis of retiform purpura. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Changes in Blood Coagulation in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a Meta-Analysis abstract: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide to become a pandemic. Multiple skin manifestations related to the infection have been described progressively. Recalcati(1) asserted that 20.4% of infected patients developed cutaneous manifestations and Galván‐Casas et al(2) have recently proposed 5 clinical patterns (pseudo‐chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular and livedo/necrosis). We report a case of COVID‐19 with retiform purpura and its histopathological correlation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32491234/ doi: 10.1111/jdv.16689 id: cord-349329-f0pbd968 author: Bosteels, Cedric title: Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-05 words: 12411.0 sentences: 618.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349329-f0pbd968.txt summary: -Presence of acute hypoxic respiratory failure defined as (either or both)  saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2  PaO2/FiO2 below 350 -Admitted to specialized COVID-19 ward -Age 18-80 -Male or Female -Willing to provide informed consent Exclusion criteria -Patients with known history of serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, to human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor such as sargramostim, yeast-derived products, or any component of the product. Study Interventions Confirmed or highly suspect COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure (saturation below 93% on minimal 2 l/min O2 or PaO2/FiO2 <350) will be randomized to receive sargramostim 125mcg twice daily for 5 days as a nebulized inhalation on top of standard of care (active group), or to receive standard of care treatment (control group). abstract: OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis of the proposed intervention is that Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has profound effects on antiviral immunity, and can provide the stimulus to restore immune homeostasis in the lung with acute lung injury post COVID-19, and can promote lung repair mechanisms, that lead to a 25% improvement in lung oxygenation parameters. Sargramostim is a man-made form of the naturally-occurring protein GM-CSF. TRIAL DESIGN: A phase 4 academic, prospective, 2 arm (1:1 ratio), randomized, open-label, controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 18-80 years admitted to specialized COVID-19 wards in 5 Belgian hospitals with recent (< 2 weeks prior to randomization) confirmed COVID-19 infection and acute respiratory failure defined as a PaO2/FiO2 below 350 mmHg or SpO2 below 93% on minimal 2 L/min supplemental oxygen. Patients were excluded from the trial in case of (1) known serious allergic reactions to yeast-derived products, (2) lithium carbonate therapy, (3) mechanical ventilation prior to randomization, (4) peripheral white blood cell count above 25.000/μL and/or active myeloid malignancy, (5) high dose systemic steroid therapy (> 20 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent), (6) enrolment in another investigational study, (7) pregnant or breastfeeding or (8) ferritin levels > 2000 μg/mL. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Inhaled sargramostim 125 μg twice daily for 5 days in addition to standard care. Upon progression of disease requiring mechanical ventilation or to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and initiation of mechanical ventilator support within the 5 day period, inhaled sargramostim will be replaced by intravenous sargramostim 125 μg/m(2) body surface area once daily until the 5 day period is reached. From day 6 onwards, progressive patients in the active group will have the option to receive an additional 5 days of IV sargramostim, based on the treating physician's assessment. Intervention will be compared to standard of care. Subjects progressing to ARDS and requiring invasive mechanical ventilatory support, from day 6 onwards in the standard of care group will have the option (clinician's decision) to initiate IV sargramostim 125m μg/m(2) body surface area once daily for 5 days. MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint of this intervention is measuring oxygenation after 5 days of inhaled (and intravenous) treatment through assessment of a change in pretreatment and post-treatment ratio of PaO2/FiO2 and through measurement of the P(A-a)O2 gradient (PAO2= Partial alveolar pressure of oxygen, PaO2=Partial arterial pressure of oxygen; FiO2= Fraction of inspired oxygen). RANDOMISATION: Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Randomization will be done using REDCap (electronic IWRS system). BLINDING (MASKING): In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): A total of 80 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and acute hypoxic respiratory failure will be enrolled, 40 in the active and 40 in the control group. TRIAL STATUS: SARPAC protocol Version 2.0 (April 15 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing in 5 Belgian Hospitals (i.e. University Hospital Ghent, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges, AZ Delta Roeselare, University Hospital Brussels and ZNA Middelheim Antwerp). Participant recruitment started on March 26(th) 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on March 30(th), 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326920) - retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326920?term=sarpac&recrs=ab&draw=2&rank=1 and on EudraCT on March 24th, 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001254-22). FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503663/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04451-7 id: cord-295066-76se8mxq author: Botti, Fiorenzo title: URGENT SURGERY FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN A HIGH INCIDENCE AREA - EXPERIENCE FROM A HIGH-VOLUME CENTRE date: 2020-08-31 words: 1720.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295066-76se8mxq.txt summary: [4] As a tertiary referral centre for the surgical management of IBD patients, it was important to clearly define which complicated IBD cases were to be operated, by taking into account several variables including disease severity and quality of life, presence of comorbidities, feasibility of an alternative procedure. According to the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on the IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic, [5] routine elective operations should be deferred, while emergency procedures (e.g. colectomy in acute severe ulcerative colitis [UC] or intestinal resection in septic complications of penetrating Crohn''s disease [CD]) should continue. Complex surgical IBD cases should also be deferred when possible and its timing must be regularly reviewed at multidisciplinary meetings, trying to optimize medical treatment (e.g. using partial or exclusive enteral nutrition regimens or draining abscesses in combination with antibiotic therapy) and to avoid surgery or change the timing from emergency to urgent or semi-urgent. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.039 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.039 id: cord-252818-1gms4zw3 author: Bouayed, Jaouad title: Behavioural manipulation ‐ key to the successful global spread of the new Coronavirus SARS‐Cov‐2? date: 2020-08-19 words: 2492.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252818-1gms4zw3.txt summary: The very rapid global spread has raised the issue whether there are further multi‐dimensional consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on human behaviour, the key of its transmission. In this perspective, we highlight the possibility that COVID‐19 is facilitated by altered human social behaviour that benefits SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, through showcasing similar virus‐induced changed behaviour by other pathogens and relating this to reports from the grey literature. Interestingly, it was also estimated that 10% of the cases are super-spreaders, resulting in 80% of viral spread, meaning that the majority of SARS-CoV-2 carriers do not appear to unaccountably transmit the virus. In this perspective, we highlighted the possibility that COVID-19 is facilitated by altered human social behaviour that benefits SARS-CoV-2 transmission (Figure 1 ). The scheme highlights the potential manipulative strategy of the novel coronavirus, resulting in viral spread, following an altered behavioural pattern in some COVID-19 patients, as a consequence of a direct impact on brain structure/function, owing to viral infiltration into the CNS, and/or via perturbation of the brain-immune axis or the gut-brain axis. abstract: Human‐ SARS‐CoV‐2 interaction can have an array of various outcomes – it could be mortal, morbid or merely carrying minor health consequences. The very rapid global spread has raised the issue whether there are further multi‐dimensional consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on human behaviour, the key of its transmission. During the coronavirus crisis, odd, abnormal, and irresponsible behaviour has been reported in COVID‐19 individuals, particularly in super‐spreaders, i.e. persons with a high viral load, thus constituting also super‐emitters. Indeed, cases of infected persons ignoring self‐confinement orders, intentionally disregarding physical distancing and multiplying social interactions, or even deliberately sneezing, spitting or coughing were reported. While it is known that some other viruses such as rabies and even influenza do change human behaviour, this remains unclear for SARS‐CoV‐2. In this perspective, we highlight the possibility that COVID‐19 is facilitated by altered human social behaviour that benefits SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission, through showcasing similar virus‐induced changed behaviour by other pathogens and relating this to reports from the grey literature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26446 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26446 id: cord-253552-qreg4emx author: Bouaziz, JD title: Vascular skin symptoms in COVID‐19: a french observational study date: 2020-04-27 words: 761.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253552-qreg4emx.txt summary: Usual clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID‐19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2‐7). Usual clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID-19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2-7). Vascular skin lesions during COVID-19 infection have never been described to date. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. abstract: Coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) was declared as a pandemic viral infection by the World Health organization on March 11(th) 2020. Usual clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID‐19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2‐7). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cellular receptor for COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339344/ doi: 10.1111/jdv.16544 id: cord-331055-5ni0jxij author: Bouche, Pierre-Alban title: Were protective procedures against SARS-CoV-2 effective in an orthopaedic and trauma centre during the lockdown period? A retrospective study date: 2020-07-16 words: 2361.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331055-5ni0jxij.txt summary: To take care of COVID-19 positive and negative patients, various procedures have been set up: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for all hospitalized patients, a specific unit for COVID-positive patients, a specific surgical room, and use of protective personal equipment. To allow the effectiveness of the procedures implemented, we evaluated the number of complications attributed to SARS-CoV-2 and the number of patients who became COVID positive during hospitalization. All elective surgery had to be stopped in order to decrease the influx of patients into hospitals and to redeploy medical and paramedical staff in different units to provide assistance in emergency departments, COVID-19 units, and intensive care units [6] . The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness of the guidelines implemented in our orthopaedic and trauma centre, Cochin Hospital, during the lockdown imposed in France period between March 15 and May 11, 2020. abstract: PURPOSE: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic started in December 2019 in Wuhan. The lockdown was declared on March 16, 2020 in France. Our centre had to adapt daily practices to continue to take care of bone and soft tissue tumours and emergencies. Through this study, we wanted to assess the various procedures implemented during the lockdown period between March 17 and May 10. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective cohort study was conducted in Cochin Hospital (Paris, France). Patients included were those who had surgery during the lockdown period. To take care of COVID-19 positive and negative patients, various procedures have been set up: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for all hospitalized patients, a specific unit for COVID-positive patients, a specific surgical room, and use of protective personal equipment. To allow the effectiveness of the procedures implemented, we evaluated the number of complications attributed to SARS-CoV-2 and the number of patients who became COVID positive during hospitalization. RESULTS: During the lockdown period, there were 199 procedures of three types of procedures in our centre: 79 traumatology procedures (39.7%), 76 of bone and soft tissues tumours (38.2%), and 44 procedures related to infection (22.1%). We observed 13 complications (6.5%) during hospitalization, and only one patient became COVID-19 positive during the hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 epidemic has been a challenge for organization and adaptation to manage all COVID-19 positive and COVID negative. Through this study, we wanted to assess our procedures taken. They had been effective due to the low number of contamination and complications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32676776/ doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04729-0 id: cord-352141-y3s8li0v author: Bouchoucha, Stéphane title: Family‐centred care during a pandemic: The hidden impact of restricting family visits date: 2020-06-13 words: 1333.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352141-y3s8li0v.txt summary: While it may be too early in the COVID-19 pandemic to realise the potential impact of compassion fatigue and burnout on nurses, evidence collected following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic (Maunder et al., 2006) showed that healthcare workers that cared for patients with SARS had higher levels of burnout, psychological distress and post-traumatic stress than other healthcare workers. From what we know about factors that may increase risks of compassion fatigue and burnout, having to limit visits for family members of critical ill and dying patients is likely to also have a negative impact on nurses by increasing their feelings of providing inadequate family-centred care. Restricting family visits, while a necessary measure to decrease the spread of COVID-19 to vulnerable patients and the community, is likely to have negative effects on families and nurses alike and these impacts need to be carefully considered. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32533617/ doi: 10.1111/nhs.12748 id: cord-296285-qiez6adj author: Boudrioua, M. S. title: Predicting the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria using the SIR model date: 2020-04-29 words: 1441.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296285-qiez6adj.txt summary: (Kuniya, 2020) applied the well-known SEIR compartmental model to predict the epidemic peak of COVID-19 disease in Japan. This study applies the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model without demographics (no births, deaths, or migration) (Kermack and McKendrick, 1927; Dietz 1967; Keeling and Rohani, 2008) to predict the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in Algeria. Step 2: Run the Nelder-Mead algorithm to get new parameters which will be used in the simulation and the prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the number of daily reported confirmed cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria, from 25 February 2020 to 17 April 2020. We substitute the new parameters in our SIR model to simulate and predict the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria. In this study we predict the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Algeria using the number of daily infected cases, from 25 February 2020 to 17 April 2020. COVID-19 outbreak in Algeria: A mathematical Model to predict cumulative cases abstract: The aim of this study is to predict the daily infected cases with Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Algeria. We apply the SIR model on data from 25 February 2020 to 29 April 2020 for the prediction. We estimate the parameters of our model by minimizing the negative log likelihood function using the Nelder- Mead method. We found that the epidemic peak reach July month and the COVID-19 disease will disappear in the month of October. We suggest that Algerian authorities need to implement a strict containment strategy over a long period to effectively reduce the epidemic size. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.25.20079467v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20079467 id: cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 author: Boufkhed, Sabah title: Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date: 2020-09-16 words: 3970.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt summary: Most services (80%) reported having the capacity to use technology instead of face-to-face appointment, and half (52%) reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: Our survey suggests that African palliative care services could support the wider health system''s response to the COVID-19 pandemic with greater resources such as basic infection control materials. Three in five palliative care 113 services declared that cleaning staff were included in information sharing and training regarding 114 managing COVID19. Half of services reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and 160 psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare facilities 161 (see Table 7 ). This study provides much-needed evidence on the preparedness and capacity of African palliative 238 care services to respond to COVID19 abstract: CONTEXT: Palliative care is an essential component of the COVID-19 pandemic response, but is overlooked in national and international preparedness plans. The preparedness and capacity of African palliative care services to respond to COVID-19 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preparedness and capacity of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We developed, piloted and conducted a cross-sectional online survey guided by the 2005 International Health Regulations. It was emailed to the 166 African Palliative Care Association's members and partners. Descriptive analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Eighty-three participants from 21 countries completed the survey. Most services had at least one procedure for the case management of COVID-19 or another infectious disease (63%). Respondents reported concerns over accessing running water, soap and disinfectant products (43%, 42%, and 59% respectively), and security concerns for themselves or their staff (52%). Two in five services (41%) did not have any or make available additional Personal Protective Equipment. Most services (80%) reported having the capacity to use technology instead of face-to-face appointment, and half (52%) reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: Our survey suggests that African palliative care services could support the wider health system’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic with greater resources such as basic infection control materials. It identified specific and systemic weaknesses impeding their preparedness to respond to outbreaks. The findings call for urgent measures to ensure staff and patient safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.018 id: cord-349841-eigcqb1b author: Boukanjime, Brahim title: Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching date: 2020-10-16 words: 3022.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349841-eigcqb1b.txt summary: title: Dynamics of a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model with Markovian switching In this paper, we analyze a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model which is perturbed by both white noise and telegraph noise incorporating general incidence rate. In fact, the COVID-19 epidemic model is unavoidably subjected to the environmental noise, which made the parameters involved in the system often fluctuate randomly around some average values as the surrounding environment fluctuation. In this paper, we propose a stochastic COVID-19 model adopting a generalized incidence function [25, 26] as follows: Note that the COVID-19 epidemic models may be perturbed by telegraph noise which can causes the system to switch from one environmental regime to another [22] . To study the dynamical behaviour of an epidemic model, we firstly need to consider whether the solution is global and positive. This paper investigates a stochastic epidemic model describing COVID-19 dynamics affected 125 by mixture of environmental perturbations modeled by white and telegraph noises. abstract: In this paper, we analyze a stochastic coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic model which is perturbed by both white noise and telegraph noise incorporating general incidence rate. Firstly, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution. Then, we establish the stochastic threshold for the extinction and the persistence of the disease. The data from Indian states, are used to confirm the results established along this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100608/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110361 id: cord-279828-es498qul author: Boulle, Andrew title: Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa date: 2020-08-29 words: 3651.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279828-es498qul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279828-es498qul.txt summary: We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, location and comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death from 1 March-9 June 2020 among (i) public sector "active patients" (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We conducted a cohort study using de-identified data from the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (WCPHDC) of public sector patients aged ≥20 years with documented sex and not known to have died before March 1, 2020 (before the first diagnosed COVID-19 case in South Africa, and several weeks before the first documented COVID-19 death) and included all follow up through June 9, 2020. We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex and other comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death among (i) all public sector patients with ≥1 health visit in the 3 years before March 1, 2020 (considered "active patients"), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for COVID-19 death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of HIV and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. METHODS: We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, location and comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death from 1 March-9 June 2020 among (i) public sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19 comparing HIV positive vs. negative adults using modelled population estimates. RESULTS: Among 3,460,932 patients (16% HIV positive), 22,308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID-19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral load and immunosuppression. Current and previous tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR [95%CI] 2.70 [1.81-4.04] and 1.51 [1.18-1.93] respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95%CI 1.96-2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95%CI 6.1-11.1). CONCLUSION: While our findings may over-estimate HIV- and tuberculosis-associated COVID-19 mortality risks due to residual confounding, both HIV and current tuberculosis were independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. The associations between age, sex and other comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality were similar to other settings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860699/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1198 id: cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author: Bourgonje, Arno R. title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-17 words: 12082.0 sentences: 664.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt summary: ACE2 was highly expressed on lung alveolar epithelial cells and small intestinal epithelial cells, consistent with potential routes of viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as both respiratory and gastrointestinal systems share interfaces with the external environment. ACE2 expression in the lungs and SARS-CoV-2 viral load have been suggested to increase with age, which might provide an explanation to the higher disease severity observed in older patients with COVID-19 [35] . Both SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly mediated by ACE2 expression and activity, and superimposed disease triggers may be responsible for the observed pathological findings. Additionally, another study reported purpura and livedo racemosa in several severely affected COVID-19 patients with small vessel thrombosis with co-localization of complement and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on histopathology [148] .This indicates direct viral infection of the small skin vessels. Circulating plasma concentrations of ACE2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-inhibitors: Potential implications for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients abstract: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter‐regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID‐19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication and several co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2‐expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID‐19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID‐19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence‐based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID‐19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID‐19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5471 doi: 10.1002/path.5471 id: cord-270046-bxtez39p author: Bourion-Bédès, Stéphanie title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on students in a French region severely affected by the disease: results of the PIMS-CoV 19 study date: 2020-11-05 words: 4424.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270046-bxtez39p.txt summary: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the factors associated with anxiety among French students during lockdown.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, anxiety symptoms and social support. Based on this recent literature on the psychological impacts of the epidemic among students and because the Grand Est region was one of the three French regions that was most severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, the students from this area may be at particular risk of developing severe mental health issues. Thus, to evaluate their mental health and to understand student needs in order to develop interventions, this study aimed to assess the prevalence rate of anxiety and determine which sociodemographic, living conditions and health status characteristics could predict anxiety among French students during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The COVID-19 has sent billions of students worldwide into lockdown. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the factors associated with anxiety among French students during lockdown.A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect sociodemographic data, living and learning conditions, anxiety symptoms and social support. Among 3936 students, 15.2%, experienced moderate anxiety and 9.8%, severe anxiety.Female gender (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.8-2.7) and having relatives or acquaintances from their housing hospitalized for COVID-19 (OR=3.3, 95% CI: 1.4-7.9) were the main risk factors for anxiety. Tensions at home (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.5-2.1), difficulties isolating (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), noises inside (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-1.9) or outside the housing (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.8), no direct outdoor access (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-2.0), delay in final examination (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.3-2.1), reduced time for learning (OR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), increased tobacco consumption (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.6), ineffectiveness of using media entertainment (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.4) and reading (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.7) to calm down, were identified as risk factors. Family (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.8-0.91) and friend (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) support were protective factors. This suggests the need to focus on students during epidemics, especially those living with someone hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120332200?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113559 id: cord-306183-uhnrxuwd author: Bousquet, Guilhem title: ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 date: 2020-06-23 words: 2800.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306183-uhnrxuwd.txt summary: title: ADL-dependency, D-Dimers, LDH and absence of anticoagulation are independently associated with one-month mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19 Conclusion: ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. None of the following were associated with one-month inpatient mortality: gender, CT chest scan damage, malnutrition (BMI < 21 kg/m 2 or weight loss ≥ 5%), muscle weakness, depressed mood (mini GDS ≥ 1/4), serum levels of albumin, age-adjusted D-Dimers, CRP and LDH, absolute lymphocyte cell count, anticoagulant therapy, and hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combined therapy (Table 1) . We found that ADL-dependency before hospitalization, serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH, and the absence of anticoagulation were the factors independently associated with onemonth mortality in older inpatients with Covid-19. ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. abstract: Background: To assess factors associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. Results: The mean age was 78 ± 7.8 years, 55.5% were men, CT scan lung damage was observed in 76% of the patients (mild 23%, moderate 38%, extensive 22%, and severe 7%). The mortality rate was 26%. Dependency/Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score ≤ 5/6, D-Dimers, LDH, and no anticoagulation by reference for curative were independently associated with one-month mortality. A score derived from the multivariate model showed good calibration and very good discrimination (Harrell’s C index [95%CI] = 0.83 [0.79-0.87]). Conclusion: ADL-dependency, high serum levels of D-Dimers and LDH and the absence of anticoagulation were independently associated with one-month mortality among older inpatients with Covid-19. Methods: 108 consecutive older inpatients aged 65 and over with Covid-19 confirmed by RT-PCR and/or typical CT chest scan were prospectively included in a French single-centre cohort study from March to April 2020. A systematic geriatric assessment was performed. Covariates were lymphocyte count, serum levels of albumin, C-Reactive Protein, D-Dimers and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), anticoagulation level, and exposure to the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combined therapy. Cox uni- and multivariate proportional-hazard regressions were performed to identify predictors of one-month mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576712/ doi: 10.18632/aging.103583 id: cord-326820-11sl17ap author: Bousquet, Jean title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date: 2020-05-27 words: 2315.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt summary: title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit. Although there are large differences between countries in death rates, the age-dependent severity of COVID-19 is similar between Asian, European and American countries. Identifying whether countries with high or low ACE activity have different death rates would be of great interest in understanding the clinical importance of interventions. abstract: Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499909/ doi: 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0 id: cord-275601-9y5zj9an author: Boutron, Isabelle title: The COVID-NMA Project: Building an Evidence Ecosystem for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 words: 1366.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275601-9y5zj9an.txt summary: These authors propose an "evidence ecosystem" for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. These issues have been highlighted and exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where stakeholders urgently need relevant, accessible, up-to-date, and trustworthy syntheses of high-quality evidence to inform their decisions. Every week, we screen the COVID-19 database produced by the World Health Organization''s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform to identify eligible RCTs. The living mapping produced provides a description of all registered RCTs. The data retrieved and extracted can be explored through interactive data visualizations to identify research gaps and help prioritize and improve future trials. Collectively, COVID-NMA data are used to conduct systematic reviews on specific questions, meta-analyses of individual participant data (IPD), and network meta-analyses and to support the guideline development process and health decision making. abstract: These authors propose an “evidence ecosystem” for COVID-19–related studies that minimizes multiple low-quality reviews and helps connect evidence generation, synthesis, and decision making. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-5261 doi: 10.7326/m20-5261 id: cord-330368-rk31cwl4 author: Bowden, Kasey title: Harnessing the Power of Hospitalists in Operational Disaster Planning: COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 2462.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330368-rk31cwl4.txt summary: Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. Starting with preparedness models outlined by Persoff et al., 10 Frank et al., 8 the CHEST consensus statement, 11, 12 and our existing disaster plans, we developed a modified framework for hospital operations management and staffing, anticipating a massive influx of acutely ill, medically complex, and highly contagious patients with COVID-19. abstract: Hospitalists are well poised to serve in key leadership roles and in frontline care in particular when facing a pandemic such as the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. Much of the disaster planning in hospitals around the country addresses overcrowded emergency departments and decompressing these locations; however, in the case of COVID-19, intensive care units, emergency departments, and medical wards ran the risk of being overwhelmed by a large influx of patients needing high-level medical care. In a matter of days, our Division of Hospital Medicine, in partnership with our hospital, health system, and academic institution, was able to modify and deploy existing disaster plans to quickly care for an influx of medically complex patients. We describe a scaled approach to managing hospitalist clinical operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661930/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05952-6 id: cord-029865-zl0romvl author: Bowe, Emily title: Learning from lines: Critical COVID data visualizations and the quarantine quotidian date: 2020-07-27 words: 4108.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029865-zl0romvl.txt summary: In response to the ubiquitous graphs and maps of COVID-19, artists, designers, data scientists, and public health officials are teaming up to create counter-plots and subaltern maps of the pandemic. Together, the official maps and counter-plots acknowledge that the pandemic plays out differently across different scales: COVID-19 is about global supply chains and infection counts and TV ratings for presidential press conferences, but it is also about local dynamics and neighborhood mutual aid networks and personal geographies of mitigation and care. The widespread availability of consumer-friendly mapping platforms and open data repositories has equipped cartographers and information designers to plot their own charts and graphs-some of which then circulate on social media or appear on slide shows at official public health briefings (Bazzaz, 2020; Mattern, 2020a; "Triplet Kids," 2020) . Available at: www.medium.com/nightingale/covid-19-data-literacy-isfor-everyone-46120b58cec9 Available at: www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Thousands-h it-hard-by-coronavirus-pandemic-s-15189948 abstract: In response to the ubiquitous graphs and maps of COVID-19, artists, designers, data scientists, and public health officials are teaming up to create counter-plots and subaltern maps of the pandemic. In this intervention, we describe the various functions served by these projects. First, they offer tutorials and tools for both dataviz practitioners and their publics to encourage critical thinking about how COVID-19 data is sourced and modeled—and to consider which subjects are not interpellated in those data sets, and why not. Second, they demonstrate how the pandemic’s spatial logics inscribe themselves in our immediate material landscapes. And third, they remind us of our capacity to personalize and participate in the creation of meaningful COVID visualizations—many of which represent other scales and dimensions of the pandemic, especially the quarantine quotidian. Together, the official maps and counter-plots acknowledge that the pandemic plays out differently across different scales: COVID-19 is about global supply chains and infection counts and TV ratings for presidential press conferences, but it is also about local dynamics and neighborhood mutual aid networks and personal geographies of mitigation and care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387849/ doi: 10.1177/2053951720939236 id: cord-343622-5270vdkr author: Bowman, Deborah title: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Guidance for trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 words: 3140.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343622-5270vdkr.txt summary: • Screening of patients, visitors, and staff for symptoms of COVID-19 • Ensuring availability of and education about appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for various clinical scenarios, and strategizing with key personnel in the supply chain to avoid interruptions in provision of PPE and cleaning supplies (hand and surface disinfectants, soap, etc.) • Developing strict policies and procedures for isolation and quarantine after potential exposures • Providing robust educational materials about hand washing and other strategies to prevent transmission of infection • Separating patients with respiratory symptoms • Rescheduling elective, low-priority procedures and surgeries • Modifying workflows, processes, and making infrastructure adjustments to minimize face-to-face encounters at each possible point of contact while maintaining a satisfying patient experience • Limiting visits by people at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure (e.g., group residential settings, nursing home residents, etc.) • Providing easy access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and resources with up-todate information about the pandemic and any changes to institutional policies • Leveraging telehealth technologies for virtual inpatient and outpatient encounters and adapting coding and billing processes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.05.032 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.05.032 id: cord-288443-f11r6zup author: Bowman, Ryan title: Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 1537.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288443-f11r6zup.txt summary: With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer. 1,2 COVID-19 has already had extraordinary effects on how multidisciplinary head and neck cancer (HNC) teams provide HNC patients in initial hotspots such as Wuhan, China and in Italy as well as the United States and throughout the world. Reasons for these restricted schedules include but are not limited to, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of rapid COVID-19 testing, lack of transportation, social distancing and shelter-in-place orders, limiting office visits for patients deemed high risk of contracting COVID-19, lack of access to telemedicine services, and staffing concerns. The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients'' care. Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the covid-19 pandemic: practice guidelines for head and neck cancer patients. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID‐19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415869/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26260 id: cord-033974-0rzi7x22 author: Boyd, Rhea W title: In the 2020 US election, we can choose a just future date: 2020-10-19 words: 1426.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033974-0rzi7x22.txt summary: In terms of health, the current US administration has intentionally lied about the grave risks of COVID-19, failed to implement a coherent national pandemic strategy, hamstrung and underfunded public health agencies, initiated the process to withdraw the USA from WHO, reversed and weakened health regulations, attacked abortion and contraception access, eroded transgender health protections, and aired racist, anti-Asian, antiscience views. 11 The age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate among Black and Indigenous communities and people of colour in the USA is up to three times higher than among non-Hispanic white populations. 12 Latinx and Black children account for an astounding 74% of COVID-19 deaths among people aged 21 years and younger in the USA. 14 And every untimely death has occurred within the nation that spends more money on health care than any other country in the world. Deaths involving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by race and Hispanic origin and age, by state abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7572098/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32140-1 id: cord-305941-277iqp0u author: Bozdağ, Faruk title: Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 5260.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305941-277iqp0u.txt summary: The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Accordingly, among the probed individual variables are gender, age, having children or not, taking personal precautions against the risk of becoming infected with the COVID-19 virus, worry about transmitting the virus to family/relatives, quality of nutrition and sleep, positive-negative affective state and life satisfaction, while environmental 4 In model 3, age and occupation (doctor), quality of sleep, positive and negative affect, and life satisfaction significantly predicted the psychological resilience of healthcare professionals. The findings of this study revealed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic as a public health issue has spread to the rest of the world. Although the wellbeing and emotional resilience of healthcare professionals are key components of continuing healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals have been observed in this period to experience serious psychological problems and to be at risk in terms of mental health. Therefore, this study aims to probe psychological resilience of healthcare workers. The findings of this study showed that in order to raise psychological resilience of healthcare professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic their quality of sleep, positive emotions and life satisfaction need to be enhanced. Psychological resilience levels of healthcare workers in their later years were found to be higher. Doctors constitute the group with the lowest levels of psychological resilience among healthcare workers. The current study is considered to have contributed to the literature in this regard. Primary needs such as sleep which are determinants of quality of life, life satisfaction and psychological resilience should be met. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477 doi: 10.1177/0033294120965477 id: cord-276784-8lmg97zc author: Boziki, Marina Kleopatra title: COVID-19 Immunopathology and the Central Nervous System: Implication for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases with Associated Demyelination date: 2020-06-04 words: 4769.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276784-8lmg97zc.txt summary: Moreover, the management of chronic neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), underwent guided modifications, such as an Extended Interval Dose (EID) of Disease-Modifying Treatment (DMT) administration, in order to minimize patients'' exposure to the health system, thus reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize existing evidence of key immune pathways that the SARS-CoV-2 modifies during COVID-19 and the relevant implication for MS and other autoimmune diseases with associated demyelination (such as Systemic lupus erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome), including the context of potential neuroinvasion by SARS-Cov-2 and the alterations that DMT induces to the immune system. In this respect, the clinical implication of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS needs to be carefully evaluated in long-term prospective studies that assess not only physical disability measurements but also cognition, patient-reported outcomes, and quality of life, thus aiming to elucidate COVID-19-related long-term effects on MS-related neurological status and beyond. abstract: In the frame of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 potential neuroinvasion placed neurologists on increased alertness in order to assess early neurological manifestations and their potentially prognostic value for the COVID-19 disease. Moreover, the management of chronic neurological diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), underwent guided modifications, such as an Extended Interval Dose (EID) of Disease-Modifying Treatment (DMT) administration, in order to minimize patients’ exposure to the health system, thus reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we summarize existing evidence of key immune pathways that the SARS-CoV-2 modifies during COVID-19 and the relevant implication for MS and other autoimmune diseases with associated demyelination (such as Systemic lupus erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome), including the context of potential neuroinvasion by SARS-Cov-2 and the alterations that DMT induces to the immune system. Moreover we hereby aim to provide an overview of the possible consequences that COVID-19 may carry for the Central Nervous System (CNS) in People with MS (PwMS) and other demyelinating diseases, which are likely to pose challenges for treating Neurologists with respect to the long-term disease management of these diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32512702/ doi: 10.3390/brainsci10060345 id: cord-302806-1e99cygs author: Bozkurt, Banu title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists date: 2020-04-29 words: 3685.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302806-1e99cygs.txt summary: 27 published in the journal Ophthalmology last week, viral culture and RT-PCR analysis of 64 tear samples collected simultaneously with nasopharyngeal swabs from 17 COVID-19 patients between 3 and 20 days after initial symptom onset failed to demonstrate the presence of 2019-CoV. 34 The Turkish Ministry of Health, in a guidance report entitled "Evaluation of Healthcare Workers with Patient Contact" published on March 25, 2020, identified ophthalmologic examination as a procedure requiring intensive contact, and recommended prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for a total of 3 days (400 mg twice on day 1, 200 mg twice daily on days 2 and 3) and 5 days of home isolation followed by a PCR test in the event of high-risk contact with COVID-19 patients without the use of personal protective equipment. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.29805 doi: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.29805 id: cord-329460-wl09mlk1 author: Bozkurt, Ozan title: Nation‐wide analysis of the impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on daily urology practice in Turkey date: 2020-09-30 words: 2266.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329460-wl09mlk1.txt summary: The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. In a detailed analysis of the three groups of centers; a significant decrease was detected in outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries in tertiary referral centers and state hospitals; however the decrease was not statistically significant in private practice hospital in terms of inpatients and daily interventions ( Although the total numbers of temporary measures like nephrostomy placement (539 to 223; -58.7%) and percutaneous cystostomy (661 to 253; -61.8%) for certain instances decreased; the rate of these procedures for emergent-trauma surgeries has been found to increase during pandemic period (15% to 22.7% and 18.4% to 25.7%; respectively). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a nation‐wide analysis of the workload of urology departments in Turkey week‐by‐week during Covid‐19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: The centers participating in the study were divided into three groups as tertiary referral centers, state hospitals and private practice hospitals. The number of outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries were recorded prospectively between 9‐March‐2020 and 31‐May‐2020. All these variables were recorded for the same time interval of 2019 as well. The weekly change of the workload of urology during pandemic period was evaluated; also the workload of urology and the distributions of certain urological surgeries were compared between the pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019. RESULTS: A total of 51 centers participated in the study. The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the third week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centers; however the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. When the workload of urology in pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019 were compared; a huge decrease was observed in all variables during pandemic period. However, temporary measures like ureteral stenting, nephrostomy placement and percutaneous cystostomy have been found to increase during Covid‐19 pandemic compared to normal life. CONCLUSIONS: Covid‐19 pandemic significantly effected the routine daily urological practice likewise other subspecialties and priority was given to emergent and non‐deferrable surgeries by urologists in concordance with published clinical guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13735 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13735 id: cord-320530-5xltmc65 author: Bozorgmehr, Kayvan title: Power of and power over COVID-19 response guidelines date: 2020-10-05 words: 627.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320530-5xltmc65.txt summary: 1 Germany''s COVID-19 response is evaluated as reasoned and scientifically grounded; however, it has exposed undue political influence on national scientific guidelines due to migration policy concerns. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany''s national public health institute, has rapidly published an abundance of guidelines and recommendations on COVID-19. 2 The Competence Network Public Health COVID-19 raised ethical, legal, and epidemiological concerns about questionable benefits for infection control and high psychosocial burden for refugees, and it urged for national guidelines on prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 in refugee centres. 2 In June, 2020, civil society leaked an unpublished draft guideline by the RKI 3 that mandates asylum seekers should be accommodated in single rooms during the pandemic, and that mass quarantine should be avoided without exception. Key recommendations on SARS-CoV-2 prevention and management in refugee centres remained. public-health-covid19.de/en/ For the RKI''s COVID-19 guidelines and recommendations see abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067362032081X doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32081-x id: cord-252013-ehyuflg3 author: Bozzani, Antonio title: ACUTE ARTERIAL AND DEEP VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN COVID-19 PATIENTS date: 2020-09-22 words: 2533.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252013-ehyuflg3.txt summary: AIM: Our aim was to report the experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy), including the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of COVID-19 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that critically ill, COVID-19 patients who develop arterial and deep vein thrombosis are at high risk of mortality, but if treated properly, there is an improvement in overall survival rate, especially in patients of 60 years of age or younger. The aim of our analysis was to report our experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy), focusing on the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of COVID-19 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Lombardy region (Italy) suffered severe problems during the acute phase of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy (March-April 2020) with 16,000 diagnosed COVID-19 related deaths (49% of the total COVID-19 related deaths in Italy). In the area surrounding Pavia during the critical stage of the outbreak (March-April), 1,225 of the documented 4,200 deaths were related to COVID-19 infection, with a mortality rate of 181/100,000 inhabitants and an increase in deaths of 138% compared to the same period in previous years. AIM: Our aim was to report the experience of the Department of Vascular Surgery of Pavia (Lombardy), including the lessons learned and future perspectives regarding the management of COVID-19 patients who developed severe acute ischemia with impending lower limb loss or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective data collection of COVID-19 patients with severe acute ischemia of the lower limbs or DVT observed in our Department during the period March 1(st) to April 30(th) 2020. Primary outcomes of the analysis were postoperative mortality for all patients and amputation rates only in those COVID-19 patients suffering from acute lower limb ischemia. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of the disease among admitted COVID-19 patients, and any possible correlation between inflammatory parameters, thrombolytic status, and the presence of acute ischemia or DVT. RESULTS: We observed 38 patients (28 male) with severe COVID-19 infection (6 with lower limb arterial thrombosis and 32 with DVT). The median age was 64 years (range 30-94 years). In the arterial group, 3 had thrombosis on plaque and 3 on healthy arteries ("simple" arterial thrombosis). All underwent operative or hybrid (open/endo) revascularization; 1 patient died from major organ failure (MOF) and one patient underwent major amputation. In the DVT group, 9 (28%) patients died from MOF, despite aggressive medical therapy. In patients with "simple" arterial thrombosis and those with DVT, we observed a decrease in inflammatory parameters (CRP) and in D-dimer and fibrinogen after aggressive therapy (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that critically ill, COVID-19 patients who develop arterial and deep vein thrombosis are at high risk of mortality, but if treated properly, there is an improvement in overall survival rate, especially in patients of 60 years of age or younger. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039606020306127?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.09.009 id: cord-272654-hh29olk7 author: Bošnjak, Berislav title: Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods date: 2020-11-02 words: 6111.0 sentences: 414.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272654-hh29olk7.txt summary: We used a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector-based neutralization assay (pVNT) to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S to ACE2. Similarly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgA antibodies were present in 33/37 (89.2%) of the tested sera; two samples were diagnosed as borderline positive and two as negative Fig. 1 Qualitative analysis of serum total IgG (A) and IgA (B) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1 in convalescent patients with mild or severe COVID-19 and healthy controls (HC) determined by ELISA. The median sVNT titer of the mildly affected convalescent cohort was 1:180, indicating that patients with mild COVID-19 produce relatively low amounts of SASRS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Fig. 2H ). This hypothesis is further supported by a positive correlation between the duration of symptoms and total anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, but not IgA, antibodies in convalescent patients with mild disease (Fig. 5A, B) . abstract: Neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into cells via surface-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector-based neutralization assay (pVNT) to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S to ACE2. Both tests revealed neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the sera of ~90% of mildly and 100% of severely affected COVID-19 convalescent patients. Importantly, sVNT and pVNT results correlated strongly with each other and to the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG and IgA antibodies. Moreover, levels of neutralizing antibodies correlated with the duration and severity of clinical symptoms but not with patient age. Compared to pVNT, sVNT is less sophisticated and does not require any biosafety labs. Since this assay is also much faster and cheaper, sVNT will not only be important for evaluating the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a population but also for identifying promising plasma donors for successful passive antibody therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00573-9 doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00573-9 id: cord-256888-tdx12ccj author: Bradley, Benjamin T title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series date: 2020-07-16 words: 5006.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256888-tdx12ccj.txt summary: To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. 8 Post-mortem studies have shown pulmonary, renal, and small vessel injury, with particles resembling virus observed in the kidney by electron microscopy. By electron microscopy, aggregates of uniform, round enveloped particles ranging in size from around 70 nm to 100 nm with peripheral spike-like projections consistent with the morphology described for SARS-CoV-2 were observed in the lung, trachea, kidney, and large intestine of patient 8 and patient 13. [9] [10] [11] [12] We present a case series of autopsy findings in 14 patients who died after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The major histopathological observation in our series of patients who died with COVID-19 was diffuse alveolar damage-type lung injury in the acute or organising phases (12 [86%] of 14 patients). abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic, with increasing deaths worldwide. To date, documentation of the histopathological features in fatal cases of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been scarce due to sparse autopsy performance and incomplete organ sampling. We aimed to provide a clinicopathological report of severe COVID-19 cases by documenting histopathological changes and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism. METHODS: In this case series, patients with a positive antemortem or post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 result were considered eligible for enrolment. Post-mortem examinations were done on 14 people who died with COVID-19 at the King County Medical Examiner's Office (Seattle, WA, USA) and Snohomish County Medical Examiner's Office (Everett, WA, USA) in negative-pressure isolation suites during February and March, 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. Tissue examination was done by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR. FINDINGS: The median age of our cohort was 73·5 years (range 42–84; IQR 67·5–77·25). All patients had clinically significant comorbidities, the most common being hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, and metabolic disease including diabetes and obesity. The major pulmonary finding was diffuse alveolar damage in the acute or organising phases, with five patients showing focal pulmonary microthrombi. Coronavirus-like particles were detected in the respiratory system, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Lymphocytic myocarditis was observed in one patient with viral RNA detected in the tissue. INTERPRETATION: The primary pathology observed in our cohort was diffuse alveolar damage, with virus located in the pneumocytes and tracheal epithelium. Microthrombi, where observed, were scarce and endotheliitis was not identified. Although other non-pulmonary organs showed susceptibility to infection, their contribution to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further examination. FUNDING: None. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31305-2 id: cord-307148-k1uo3fxm author: Bradshaw, Patrick C. title: COVID-19: Proposing a Ketone-Based Metabolic Therapy as a Treatment to Blunt the Cytokine Storm date: 2020-09-09 words: 20788.0 sentences: 1093.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307148-k1uo3fxm.txt summary: R-BHB activates anti-inflammatory GPR109A signaling and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and histone deacetylases, while a ketogenic diet has been shown to protect mice from influenza virus infection through a protective γδ T cell response and by increasing electron transport chain gene expression to restore energy metabolism. Others have also suggested that increasing systemic ketone levels may aid host defenses against respiratory viral infection, in part, by decreasing inflammation [1, 2] , including a recent comprehensive review [3] , while a clinical trial of the effects of a ketogenic diet on intubated SARS-CoV-2 patients has recently been registered (NCT04358835). Coronaviruses have been shown to increase the oxidation of phospholipids, which stimulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling on macrophages, leading to cytokine production and acute lung injury [163] , so HDAC inhibition with R-BHB appears to be a viable treatment to decrease cytokine levels and inflammation. abstract: Human SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a high mortality rate due to some patients developing a large innate immune response associated with a cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is characterized at the molecular level by decreased energy metabolism, altered redox state, oxidative damage, and cell death. Therapies that increase levels of (R)-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-BHB), such as the ketogenic diet or consuming exogenous ketones, should restore altered energy metabolism and redox state. R-BHB activates anti-inflammatory GPR109A signaling and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and histone deacetylases, while a ketogenic diet has been shown to protect mice from influenza virus infection through a protective γδ T cell response and by increasing electron transport chain gene expression to restore energy metabolism. During a virus-induced cytokine storm, metabolic flexibility is compromised due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that damage, downregulate, or inactivate many enzymes of central metabolism including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). This leads to an energy and redox crisis that decreases B and T cell proliferation and results in increased cytokine production and cell death. It is hypothesized that a moderately high-fat diet together with exogenous ketone supplementation at the first signs of respiratory distress will increase mitochondrial metabolism by bypassing the block at PDC. R-BHB-mediated restoration of nucleotide coenzyme ratios and redox state should decrease ROS and RNS to blunt the innate immune response and the associated cytokine storm, allowing the proliferation of cells responsible for adaptive immunity. Limitations of the proposed therapy include the following: it is unknown if human immune and lung cell functions are enhanced by ketosis, the risk of ketoacidosis must be assessed prior to initiating treatment, and permissive dietary fat and carbohydrate levels for exogenous ketones to boost immune function are not yet established. The third limitation could be addressed by studies with influenza-infected mice. A clinical study is warranted where COVID-19 patients consume a permissive diet combined with ketone ester to raise blood ketone levels to 1 to 2 mM with measured outcomes of symptom severity, length of infection, and case fatality rate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014275/ doi: 10.1155/2020/6401341 id: cord-314188-q8pxpw1f author: Bradshaw, Ralph A. title: On pandemics, pandemonium, and possibilities… date: 2020-05-12 words: 1301.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314188-q8pxpw1f.txt summary: The possibilities that could emerge after the pandemic has wound down are truly unique-a potential watershed moment for science, sparked by a new focus on science teaching and training, and by investments in basic and applied research (including science policy), that could better prepare governments and the citizenry for existential threats in the future: pandemics, climate change, food production, etc. While the management of the 1918-19 flu was hampered by a complete lack of knowledge of the causative agent or how to test for it, 1 the identification and a complete structural analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 2 occurred very rapidly after the onset of the pandemic in December 2019, and assays of different types for it were developed in just weeks, 3 albeit making these tests widely available has been a major challenge (but this is a political not a medical problem). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617518/ doi: 10.1096/fba.2020-00023 id: cord-348430-8xk4dt7t author: Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi title: COVID‐19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED‐ZONE declaration date: 2020-05-28 words: 1953.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348430-8xk4dt7t.txt summary: To the best of our knowledge, there is a dearth of data concerning the COVID-19 perceptions of dermatological patients under biologics, a therapy traditionally associated to an increased risk of infections. • in psoriatic patients: Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 14 ≥10 and or Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis" (DAPSA) 15 Remarkably, in these departments patients undergoing a biological therapy were affecting only by psoriasis (PsO), or atopic dermatitis (AD) or hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics expose them to a moderate to severe risk to contract SARS-CoV2, 18.4% and 21.4% of the whole patients declared that they have assessed the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. 29 In literature, both psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa displayed an higher risk of respiratory comorbidities; in accord with this evidence 30% of the interviewed patients thought that their dermatological disease could increase the SARS-CoV2 infection risk. abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 become pandemics and there is still a dearth of data about its the potentially among dermatological patients under biologics. We aimed to assess health literacy, disease knowledge, treatment dissatisfaction and biologics attitudes toward COVID‐19. We performed a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey on 98/105 consecutive dermatological patients treated with biologics—51 suffering from plaque psoriasis, 22 from atopic dermatitis, and 25 from hidradenitis suppurativa. An ad hoc, validated questionnaire has 44 items investigating the following domains: knowledge of COVID‐19 related to (a) epidemiology, (b) pathogenesis, (c) clinical symptoms, (d) preventive measures, and (e) attitudes. Patients data and questionnaires were collected. Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics may increase the risk of COVID‐19, 18.4% and 21.4% of the patients were evaluating the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. Globally, male patients (P = .001) with higher scholarity level (P = .005) displayed higher knowledge of COVID‐19. Patients with lower DLQI (P = .006), longer disease duration (P = .051) and lower scholarity (P = .007) have thought to discontinue/modify autonomously their biologic therapy. At the multivariate logistic regression, only the knowledge of epidemiology and preventive measures resulted independent predictors of continuation vs discontinuation and modification vs no modification, respectively. Dermatologists should promote COVID‐19 knowledge to prevent biologics disruption. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415727/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13508 id: cord-300013-6m1f4q5r author: Brahier, Thomas title: Lung ultrasonography for risk stratification in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-09-17 words: 3247.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300013-6m1f4q5r.txt summary: This study describes and compares LUS characteristics between patients with different clinical outcomes METHODS: Prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 adults with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in the emergency department (ED) of Lausanne University Hospital. We describe and compare early LUS findings (acquired within 24hours of presentation to the ED) between patient groups based on their outcome at 7 days after inclusion: 1) outpatients, 2) hospitalised and 3) intubated/death. Median normalized LUS score had a good level of discrimination between outpatients and others with area under the ROC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.68-0.92) CONCLUSIONS: Systematic LUS has potential as a reliable, cheap and easy-to-use triage tool for the early risk stratification in COVID-19 patients presenting in EDs Despite the potential of LUS as a cheap, portable and accessible point-of-care triage tool in acute respiratory disease (especially in low resource settings), a multinational consensus recently stated that the lack of studies limited specific recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients (27) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising pragmatic risk stratification tool in COVID-19. This study describes and compares LUS characteristics between patients with different clinical outcomes METHODS: Prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 adults with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection in the emergency department (ED) of Lausanne University Hospital. A trained physician recorded LUS images using a standardized protocol. Two experts reviewed images blinded to patient outcome. We describe and compare early LUS findings (acquired within 24hours of presentation to the ED) between patient groups based on their outcome at 7 days after inclusion: 1) outpatients, 2) hospitalised and 3) intubated/death. Normalized LUS score was used to discriminate between groups RESULTS: Between March 6 and April 3 2020, we included 80 patients (17 outpatients, 42 hospitalized and 21 intubated/dead). 73 patients (91%) had abnormal LUS (70% outpatients, 95% hospitalised and 100% intubated/death; p=0.003). The proportion of involved zones was lower in outpatients compared with other groups (median 30% [IQR 0-40%], 44% [31-70%] and 70% [50-88%], p<0.001). Predominant abnormal patterns were bilateral and multifocal spread thickening of the pleura with pleural line irregularities (70%), confluent B lines (60%) and pathologic B lines (50%). Posterior inferior zones were more often affected. Median normalized LUS score had a good level of discrimination between outpatients and others with area under the ROC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.68-0.92) CONCLUSIONS: Systematic LUS has potential as a reliable, cheap and easy-to-use triage tool for the early risk stratification in COVID-19 patients presenting in EDs url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32940646/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1408 id: cord-282925-efkb8hc7 author: Braidotti, R. title: “We” Are In This Together, But We Are Not One and the Same date: 2020-08-25 words: 3276.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282925-efkb8hc7.txt summary: There is so much that we need to both embrace and resist: the wave of collective and personal despair at the loss of lives, the hardship of the socio-economic consequences of this man-made disaster, the awareness of all that was wrong with the old world and which has now become manifest. The power of viral formations has become manifest in the pandemic, stressing the agency of non-human forces and the overall importance of Gaia as a living, symbiotic planet. Fifth insight: feminist theory is of great assistance to think equality with difference, multiple belongings and power rifts, because it stresses the embodied, embedded, and sexed roots of all material entities, humans included, and their unexplored resources. This transformative energy is the core of affirmative ethics, which stresses the inexhaustible potential of all living organisms-humans and non-humans-to generate multiple and yet unexplored interconnections. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a man-made disaster, caused by undue interference in the ecological balance and the lives of multiple species. Paradoxically, the contagion has resulted in increased use of technology and digital mediation, as well as enhanced hopes for vaccines and biomedical solutions. It has thereby intensified humans’ reliance on the very high-tech economy of cognitive capitalism that caused the problems in the first place. This combination of ambivalent elements in relation to the Fourth Industrial revolution and the Sixth Extinction is the trademark of the posthuman condition. This essay explores this condition further, offering both critical and affirmative propositions for moving forward. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10017-8 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10017-8 id: cord-267343-a6fplmfj author: Brakman, Steven title: The turn from just-in-time to just-in-case globalization in and after times of COVID-19 An essay on the risk re-appraisal of borders and buffers date: 2020-06-02 words: 5505.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267343-a6fplmfj.txt summary: Economic agents will, rightly or wrongly, use buffers and borders to increase their resilience to shocks like COVID-19, and the most salient feature of modern globalization, international just-in-time production and delivery, will be adjusted, and transformed into just-in-case management. In the remainder of the essay, we will now further discuss an important and very salient feature of modern globalization -i.e., international just-in-time production -to showcase first what this modern aspect of globalization entails, and next how this might be changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the economic aftermath, thereby underpinning our more general argument that, in all likelihood, the international economy will structurally start to attach more weight to the role of borders and buffers. For global trade, the effect of a shock like COVID-19 will be that firms will try to lower risk and to increase their resilience by diversifying their supply chains, also by geographically shortening their supply chain, making them more regional or even national instead. abstract: Abstract In this essay, we apply insights from International Economics and Economic Geography to examine how the current COVID-19 crisis may structurally change the international economy. Our key argument is that the current crisis will fundamentally change key economic actors’ risk appetite, triggering a renewed risk assessment that will lead to the comeback of buffers and borders across industries. This partial return to regionalization will involve a form of de-globalization that transforms modern just-in-time management into its just-in-case counterpart, because resilience will be priced and discounted for by enterprises and governments alike. We discuss what such a structural change will imply for the International Business of international value chains. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291120300231?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100034 id: cord-324316-ulb8d5fe author: Bramstedt, Katrina A. title: Antibodies as Currency: COVID-19’s Golden Passport date: 2020-08-25 words: 1398.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324316-ulb8d5fe.txt summary: Due to COVID-19, the fragile economy, travel restrictions, and generalized anxieties, the concept of antibodies as a "declaration of immunity" or "passport" is sweeping the world. Numerous scientific and ethical issues confound the concept of an antibody passport; nonetheless, antibodies can be seen as a potential currency to allow movement of people and resuscitation of global economics. In this way, antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2-the COVID-19 coronavirus) are potentially the new golden passport, but the concept is a moving target with clinical unknowns, as well as legal and ethical complexity (Phelan 2020; Persad and Emanuel 2020) . With the COVID-19 pandemic causing a fragile worldwide economy and millions of people unemployed (Congressional Research Service 2020), there is a risk of antibody certificates being viewed as the "golden passport" to return to work and travel. Show me your passport: Ethical concerns about Covid-19 antibody testing as key to reopening public life abstract: Due to COVID-19, the fragile economy, travel restrictions, and generalized anxieties, the concept of antibodies as a “declaration of immunity” or “passport” is sweeping the world. Numerous scientific and ethical issues confound the concept of an antibody passport; nonetheless, antibodies can be seen as a potential currency to allow movement of people and resuscitation of global economics. Just as financial currency can be forged, so too is the potential for fraudulent antibody passports. This paper explores matters of science, ethics, and identity theft, as well as the problems of bias and discrimination that could promulgate a world of pandemic “golden passports.” url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-09996-5 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-09996-5 id: cord-290766-aoyvdyra author: Brancalion, Pedro H.S. title: Emerging threats linking tropical deforestation and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-30 words: 2463.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290766-aoyvdyra.txt summary: The importance of tropical forest conservation has gained new contours with the COVID-19 outbreak, as tropical deforestation increases the risks of emerging zoonotic diseases with pandemic potential (Allen et al., 2017; Rulli et al., 2017; Rohr et al., 2019) . We used this analysis as a starting point for presenting a broader conceptual framework linking tropical deforestation and the current pandemic, including multiple positive and negative feedback loops with overarching consequences for nature and human wellbeing, in the expectation that this framework could be further employed for a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of zoonotic diseases on the environment, and vice-versa. This analysis provides evidence that signs of immediate increase of tropical deforestation are showing up at the global level following national and international policies aimed at minimizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human health. abstract: Tropical deforestation drivers are complex and can change rapidly in periods of profound societal transformation, such as those during a pandemic. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred illegal, opportunistic forest clearing in tropical countries, threatening forest ecosystems and their resident human communities. A total of 9,583 km(2) of deforestation alerts from Global Land Analysis & Discovery (GLAD) were detected across the global tropics during the first month following the implementation of confinement measures of local governments to reduce COVID-19 spread, which is nearly double that of 2019 (4,732 km(2)). We present a conceptual framework linking tropical deforestation and the current pandemic. Zoonotic diseases, public health, economy, agriculture, and forests may all be reciprocally linked in complex positive and negative feedback loops with overarching consequences. We highlight the emerging threats to nature and society resulting from this complex reciprocal interplay and possible policy interventions that could minimize these threats. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064420300584?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.09.006 id: cord-315058-t7bq4yqw author: Brand, Samuel P C title: Forecasting the scale of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya date: 2020-04-14 words: 7568.0 sentences: 432.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315058-t7bq4yqw.txt summary: Key epidemiological characteristics such as the basic reproductive number and the age-specific rate of developing COVID-19 symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2, were adapted for the Kenyan setting from a combination of published estimates and analysis of the age distribution of cases observed in the Chinese outbreak. In the scenario with no transmission from asymptomatics the observed epidemic was dominated by cases among the working-age population (Figure 3 ), who we estimated as having high rates of assortative (i.e. within same age-group) mixing ( Figure 4 ) and a small but not negligible risk of developing symptoms of COVID-19 after infection. In this modelling study we have integrated existing data on the social structure, and mobility, of the Kenyan population with rapidly evolving estimates of the fundamental epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 so as to make the best possible prediction of the scale of the epidemic risk that Kenya faces from the first coronavirus pandemic. abstract: Background The first COVID-19 case in Kenya was confirmed on March 13th, 2020. Here, we provide forecasts for the potential incidence rate, and magnitude, of a COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya based on the observed growth rate and age distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases observed in China, whilst accounting for the demographic and geographic dissimilarities between China and Kenya. Methods We developed a modelling framework to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Kenya, KenyaCoV. KenyaCoV was used to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission both within, and between, different Kenyan regions and age groups. KenyaCoV was parameterized using a combination of human mobility data between the defined regions, the recent 2019 Kenyan census, and estimates of age group social interaction rates specific to Kenya. Key epidemiological characteristics such as the basic reproductive number and the age-specific rate of developing COVID-19 symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2, were adapted for the Kenyan setting from a combination of published estimates and analysis of the age distribution of cases observed in the Chinese outbreak. Results We find that if person-to-person transmission becomes established within Kenya, identifying the role of subclinical, and therefore largely undetected, infected individuals is critical to predicting and containing a very significant epidemic. Depending on the transmission scenario our reproductive number estimates for Kenya range from 1.78 (95% CI 1.44 - 2.14) to 3.46 (95% CI 2.81-4.17). In scenarios where asymptomatic infected individuals are transmitting significantly, we expect a rapidly growing epidemic which cannot be contained only by case isolation. In these scenarios, there is potential for a very high percentage of the population becoming infected (median estimates: >80% over six months), and a significant epidemic of symptomatic COVID-19 cases. Exceptional social distancing measures can slow transmission, flattening the epidemic curve, but the risk of epidemic rebound after lifting restrictions is predicted to be high. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059865 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059865 id: cord-271142-ncmr955j author: Brandariz-Nuñez, D. title: Interacciones medicamentosas potenciales en pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir date: 2020-07-09 words: 3076.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271142-ncmr955j.txt summary: Conclusión: La prevalencia de interacciones potenciales en paciente COVD 19 en tratamiento con LPV/r es elevada, comportándose como factores de riesgo asociados la edad (>65), el ingreso en UCI, la patología previa respiratoria, psiquiátrica y la dislipemia y el número de fármacos prescritos. La variable dependiente fue presentar ≥ 1 interacciones potenciales, mientras que las variables independientes fueron la edad, el ingreso en UCI, la polimedicación, el número de fármacos prescrito y la patología previa. Por otro lado, las bases de datos describen interacciones entre dos fármacos, mientras que el cribado se realiza con múltiples combinaciones que pueden Como conclusión, los pacientes COVID 19 en tratamiento con LPV/r están expuestos a tener una alta prevalencia de interacciones potenciales, comportándose como factores de riesgo asociados la edad (>65), el ingreso en UCI, la patología previa respiratoria, psiquiátrica y la dislipemia y el número de fármacos prescritos. abstract: Resumen Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de interacciones potenciales en pacientes COVID19 en tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). El objetivo secundario fue elaborar recomendaciones e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a presentar interacciones potenciales con LPV/r. Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio transversal y multicéntrico con la participación 2 hospitales. Se incluyeron pacientes COVID 19 mayores de 18 años, con ingreso hospitalario y en tratamiento con LPV/r. Se realizó un cribado de las interacciones potenciales relacionadas con LPV/r y la medicación domiciliaria y hospitalaria. Se utilizó como base de datos de consulta Lexicomp® (Uptodate), HIV-drug interacctions y COVID-drug interacctions. Resultados: Se incluyeron 361 pacientes con una media de edad de 62,77 ± 14,64 años, donde el 59,6 % (n=215) fueron hombres. El 62,3% (n=225) tuvieron 1 o más interacciones potenciales y el 26, 87% (n=97) 2 o más. Las variables independientes asociadas a presentar ≥ 1 interacciones potenciales fueron la edad (> 65) (OR 1,95; IC 95% 1,06-3,59; P=0,033), el ingreso en UCI (OR 9,22; IC 95% 1,98-42,93; P=0,005), la patología previa respiratoria (OR 2,90; IC 95% 1,15-7,36; P=0,024), psiquiátrica (OR 4,14; IC 95% 1,36-12,61; P=0,013), la dislipemia (OR 3,21; IC 95% 1.63-6,35; P=0,001) y el número de fármacos prescrito (OR 4,33; IC 95% 2,40-7,81; P=0,000). Conclusión: La prevalencia de interacciones potenciales en paciente COVD 19 en tratamiento con LPV/r es elevada, comportándose como factores de riesgo asociados la edad (>65), el ingreso en UCI, la patología previa respiratoria, psiquiátrica y la dislipemia y el número de fármacos prescritos. Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of potential interactions in COVID19 patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). The secondary objective was to develop recommendations and identify the risk factors associated with presenting potential interactions with LPV/r. Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional and multicenter study with the participation of 2 hospitals. COVID 19 patients over 18 years of age, admitted to hospital and under treatment with LPV/r were included. A screening of potential interactions related to LPV/r and home and hospital medication was carried out. Lexicomp® (Uptodate), HIV-drug interactions and COVID-drug interactions were used as the query database. Results: 361 patients with a mean age of 62.77 ± 14.64 years were included, where 59.6% (n = 215) were men. 62.3% (n = 225) had 1 or more potential interactions and 26, 87% (n = 97) 2 or more. The independent variables associated with presenting ≥1 potential interactions were age (> 65) (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.06-3.59, P = 0.033), ICU admission (OR 9.22; CI 95% 1.98-42.93; P = 0.005), previous respiratory pathology (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.15-7.36; P = 0.024), psychiatric (OR 4.14; 95 CI % 1.36-12.61; P = 0.013), dyslipidemia (OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.63-6.35; P = 0.001) and the number of drugs prescribed (OR 4.33; 95% CI 2.40-7.81; P = 0.000). Conclusion: The prevalence of potential interactions in COVD 19 patient undergoing treatment with LPV/r is high, with age (> 65), ICU admission, previous respiratory and psychiatric pathology, dyslipidemia and the number of prescribed drugs acting as risk factors. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025775320304504 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.026 id: cord-330171-l7p0sxqu author: Branicki, Layla J. title: COVID‐19, Ethics of Care, and Feminist Crisis Management date: 2020-06-17 words: 5349.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330171-l7p0sxqu.txt summary: Before embarking on a discussion of ethics of care and how it might inform the theory and practice of crisis management, it is important to recognize that conceptualizations of crisis appear frequently in feminist works and to distinguish crisis as understood in feminist writing from crisis management as a specific activity undertaken within institutions and organizations in society. Carol Gilligan''s (1993) [first published in 1982, 1993 edition referred to throughout] conceptualization of "ethic of care" provides a basis to illuminate the normative dimensions of crisis management and to feminize its focal concerns and praxis. Lawrence and Maitlis (2012) propose that ethic of care scholarship tends to focus more on theory than action, and in this paper I highlight the practical advantages that could flow from thinking and acting differently about crisis, especially socially disruptive extreme crises like COVID-19 that have multiple effects on societies globally. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic threatens both lives and livelihoods. To reduce the spread of the virus, governments have introduced crisis management interventions that include border closures, quarantines, strict social distancing, marshaling of essential workers and enforced homeworking. COVID‐19 measures are necessary to save the lives of some of the most vulnerable people within society, and yet in parallel they create a range of negative everyday effects for already marginalized people. Likely unintended consequences of the management of the COVID‐19 crisis include elevated risk for workers in low‐paid, precarious, and care‐based employment, over‐representation of minority ethnic groups in case numbers and fatalities, and gendered barriers to work. Drawing upon feminist ethics of care, I theorize a radical alternative to the normative assumptions of rationalist crisis management. Rationalist approaches to crisis management are typified by utilitarian logics, masculine and militaristic language, and the belief that crises follow linear processes of signal detection, preparation/prevention, containment, recovery, and learning. By privileging the quantifiable ‐ resources and measurable outcomes ‐ such approaches tend to omit considerations of pre‐existing structural disadvantage. This paper contributes a new theorization of crisis management that is grounded in feminist ethics to provide a care‐based concern for all crisis affected people. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12491 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12491 id: cord-320661-p7tyfqyu author: Branson, Rich title: The US Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Ventilators in COVID-19: A Comparison of Functionality and Analysis regarding the Emergency Purchase of 200,000 devices. date: 2020-09-21 words: 2534.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320661-p7tyfqyu.txt summary: Results COVID-19 patients often develop severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and ARDS requiring high levels of ventilator support. Interpretation Current SNS ventilators and those on order are capable of supporting most but not all COVID-19 patients. 7, 8 In contrast, positivepressure ventilation devices (e.g., anesthesia machines, non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive pressure devices, etc.) have a limited number of operational modes and are of limited utility for the prolonged management of patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. Some patients may progress to more classic patterns of hypoxemic respiratory failure with reduced compliance, increased requirements for positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and optimal use of smaller tidal volumes. 21 These devices previously had been suggested for temporary use in limited-resource environments, but a device incapable of meeting patient requirements for pressure, volume, oxygen delivery, and minute ventilation is not a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there was serious concern that the United States (US) would encounter a short fall of mechanical ventilators. In response, the US government, utilizing the Defense Production Act ordered the development of 200,000 ventilators from 11 different manufacturers. These ventilators have different capabilities and it is not evident whether all are able to support COVID-19 patients. Research Question Evaluate ventilator requirements for affected COVID-19 patients, assess the clinical performance of current SNS ventilators employed during the pandemic, and finally compare ordered ventilators functionality based on COVID-19 patient needs. Study Design and Methods Current published literature, publicly available documents, and lay press articles were reviewed by a diverse team of disaster experts. Data was assembled into tabular format which formed the basis for analysis and future recommendations. Results COVID-19 patients often develop severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and ARDS requiring high levels of ventilator support. Current SNS ventilators were unable to fully support all COVID-19 patients, and only about half of newly ordered ventilators have the capacity to support the most severely affected patients; ventilators with less capacity for providing high level support are still of significant value in caring for many patients. Interpretation Current SNS ventilators and those on order are capable of supporting most but not all COVID-19 patients. Technologic, logistic, and educational challenges encountered from current SNS ventilators are summarized, with potential next generation SNS ventilator updates offered. Clinical Trial Registration N/A url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220345050?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.085 id: cord-262699-e628ysw5 author: Branstetter, S. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families in Germany date: 2020-10-06 words: 3541.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262699-e628ysw5.txt summary: Methods: A cross-sectional study using online questionnaires in families from LIFE Child (n=306, Leipzig) and KUNO Kids (n=612, Regensburg) was performed at the end of the German lock-down period. Outcomes were parent-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, concerns and trust in political measures. The survey comprised questions covering topics relating to the situation of families during the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 infections in family members or among friends, risk persons among family and friends, current quarantine status and working conditions, coping with the current situation, expectations for the future, various concerns and trust in policy measures. In summary, most families with young children in our study were concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the associated lock-down measures, with major concerns directed towards economic situation and the lack of social contacts, but less towards their own health. abstract: Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with young children in two population-based childhood cohorts with a low and moderate COVID-19 prevalence, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study using online questionnaires in families from LIFE Child (n=306, Leipzig) and KUNO Kids (n=612, Regensburg) was performed at the end of the German lock-down period. Outcomes were parent-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, concerns and trust in political measures. Results: Most families were concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic and lock-down measures, with major concerns directed towards the economic situation (>70%), the health of close-ones (37%), but less towards their own health (<10%). Many concerns, seeking information and approval of federal measures were more pronounced in the more affected region. Approval of lockdown measures and concerns about economic recession were related to regional differences and not significantly dependent on educational status or being personally affected by the disease. Conclusion: Regional differences in approval of lockdown measures were observed and thus, measures to specifically support families according to the regional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.20206805 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20206805 id: cord-316327-0hpthrjo author: Brar, Branden title: A Survey Assessing the Early Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Training Programs date: 2020-08-18 words: 4497.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316327-0hpthrjo.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. CMS also increased access to Medicare telehealth services for its beneficiaries under the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. This rapid turn of events led to some urgent modifications to clinical care including surgery, by US health care providers in all specialties, to accommodate the critical shortages of hospital resources as the pandemic was evolving. This evoked the need to survey OMFS training programs and to start a discussion regarding some of the changes in emergency triage, urgent surgical procedures, and use of PPE to protect health care personnel. [16] The aim of this survey was to assess the impact of COVID -19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) training programs in the different regions of USA during the early phase of this pandemic between March 6 th to May 6 th 2020. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has specific implications for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to an increased risk of exposure to the virus during surgical procedures of the aero-digestive tract. The objective of this survey was to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) training programs during the early phase of the pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was sent to the program directors of 95 out of the 101 accredited OMFS training programs between April 3(rd) and May 6(th), 2020. The 35- question survey designed using Qualtrics software, to elicit information about the impact of COVID-19 on OMFS residency programs and the specific modifications made to clinical care, PPE and resident training/wellness to meet the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: The survey response rate from OMFS program directors was 35% (33/95) with most responses from states with high incidence of COVID19. All OMFS programs (100%) implemented guidelines to suspend elective and non-urgent surgical procedures and limited ambulatory clinic visits by third week of March, with an average date of March 16(th), 2020 (Date range March 8(th) -23(rd)). Programs used telemedicine (40%) and modified in-person visit (51%) protocols for dental and maxillofacial emergency triage to minimize exposure risk of HCP to SARS CoV2. PPE shortage was experienced by 51% of the programs. Almost two-thirds (63%) of the respondents recommended the use of a filtered respirator (i.e., N95 respirator) with full face shield as their preferred PPE, while 21% recommended Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) during OMFS procedures. Only (73%) of the programs had resources for resident wellness and stress reduction. Virtual didactic training sessions conducted on digital platforms, most commonly “Zoom” formed a major part of education for all programs. CONCLUSION: All programs promptly responded to the pandemic by making appropriate changes to suspend elective surgery and, to limit patient care to emergent and urgent services. OMFS training programs should give more consideration to provide residents with adequate stress reduction resources to maintain their wellbeing and training to minimize exposure risk during an evolving global epidemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2212440320311603 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.012 id: cord-207989-hn37wkhf author: Bras, Pierre Le title: Visualising COVID-19 Research date: 2020-05-13 words: 4139.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-207989-hn37wkhf.txt summary: In this paper, we develop a novel automated theme-based visualisation method, combining advanced data modelling of large corpora, information mapping and trend analysis, to provide a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of topics and research resources. The results reveal intriguing information including increased efforts in topics such as social distancing; cross-domain initiatives (e.g. mental health and education); evolving research in medical topics; and the unfolding trajectory of the virus in different territories through publications. We believe our methodology will improve future large volume visualisation and discovery systems but also hope our visualisation interfaces will currently aid scientists, researchers, and the general public to tackle the numerous issues in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) We develop COVID-19 research information mapping and trend analysis to provide a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of topics and resources. abstract: The world has seen in 2020 an unprecedented global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, a new strain of coronavirus, causing the COVID-19 pandemic, and radically changing our lives and work conditions. Many scientists are working tirelessly to find a treatment and a possible vaccine. Furthermore, governments, scientific institutions and companies are acting quickly to make resources available, including funds and the opening of large-volume data repositories, to accelerate innovation and discovery aimed at solving this pandemic. In this paper, we develop a novel automated theme-based visualisation method, combining advanced data modelling of large corpora, information mapping and trend analysis, to provide a top-down and bottom-up browsing and search interface for quick discovery of topics and research resources. We apply this method on two recently released publications datasets (Dimensions' COVID-19 dataset and the Allen Institute for AI's CORD-19). The results reveal intriguing information including increased efforts in topics such as social distancing; cross-domain initiatives (e.g. mental health and education); evolving research in medical topics; and the unfolding trajectory of the virus in different territories through publications. The results also demonstrate the need to quickly and automatically enable search and browsing of large corpora. We believe our methodology will improve future large volume visualisation and discovery systems but also hope our visualisation interfaces will currently aid scientists, researchers, and the general public to tackle the numerous issues in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06380v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-276405-yfvu83r9 author: Brat, Gabriel A. title: International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium date: 2020-08-19 words: 5729.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276405-yfvu83r9.txt summary: Because EHRs are not themselves agile analytic platforms, we have been successfully building upon the open source and free i2b2 (for Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside) toolkit [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] to manage, compute, and share data extracted from EHRs. In response to COVID-19, we have organized a global community of researchers, most of whom are or have been members of the i2b2 Academic Users Group, to rapidly set up an ad hoc network that can begin to answer some of the clinical and epidemiological questions around COVID-19 through data harmonization, analytics, and visualizations. Laboratory value trajectories Our initial data extraction included 14 laboratory markers of cardiac, renal, hepatic, and immune dysfunction that have been strongly associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients in previous publications. abstract: We leveraged the largely untapped resource of electronic health record data to address critical clinical and epidemiological questions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To do this, we formed an international consortium (4CE) of 96 hospitals across five countries (www.covidclinical.net). Contributors utilized the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) or Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) platforms to map to a common data model. The group focused on temporal changes in key laboratory test values. Harmonized data were analyzed locally and converted to a shared aggregate form for rapid analysis and visualization of regional differences and global commonalities. Data covered 27,584 COVID-19 cases with 187,802 laboratory tests. Case counts and laboratory trajectories were concordant with existing literature. Laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis showed hospital-level differences equivalent to country-level variation across the consortium partners. Despite the limitations of decentralized data generation, we established a framework to capture the trajectory of COVID-19 disease in patients and their response to interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00308-0 doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-00308-0 id: cord-267519-a0bcmjkn author: Bravi, Francesca title: Predictors of severe or lethal COVID-19, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, in a sample of infected Italian citizens date: 2020-06-24 words: 3303.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267519-a0bcmjkn.txt summary: AIMS: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying potential independent predictors of severe/lethal COVID-19, including the treatment with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and/or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Observing that human pathogenic coronaviruses bind their target cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [5] [6] [7] [8] , and that a few studies reported an increase in ACE2 expression mediated by angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers (ARBs) and ACE inhibitors (more consistently on animals than in humans) [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] , some hypothesized that the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thus the hypertension treatment with ACE2-stimulating drugs, as well as ACE2 polymorphisms, might increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19 [17] [18] [19] . abstract: AIMS: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying potential independent predictors of severe/lethal COVID-19, including the treatment with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and/or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). METHODS AND RESULTS: All adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in two Italian provinces were followed for a median of 24 days. ARBs and/or ACEi treatments, and hypertension, diabetes, cancer, COPD, renal and major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were extracted from clinical charts and electronic health records, up to two years before infection. The sample consisted of 1603 subjects (mean age 58.0y; 47.3% males): 454 (28.3%) had severe symptoms, 192 (12.0%) very severe or lethal disease (154 deaths; mean age 79.3 years; 70.8% hypertensive, 42.2% with CVD). The youngest deceased person aged 44 years. Among hypertensive subjects (n = 543), the proportion of those treated with ARBs or ACEi were 88.4%, 78.7% and 80.6% among patients with mild, severe and very severe/lethal disease, respectively. At multivariate analysis, no association was observed between therapy and disease severity (Adjusted OR for very severe/lethal COVID-19: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.50–1.49). Significant predictors of severe disease were older age (with AORs largely increasing after 70 years of age), male gender (AOR: 1.76; 1.40–2.23), diabetes (AOR: 1.52; 1.05–2.18), CVD (AOR: 1.88; 1.32–2.70) and COPD (AOR: 1.88; 1.11–3.20). Only gender, age and diabetes also predicted very severe/lethal disease. CONCLUSION: No association was found between COVID-19 severity and treatment with ARBs and/or ACEi, supporting the recommendation to continue medication for all patients unless otherwise advised by their physicians. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579597/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235248 id: cord-301426-i9a5g86x author: Bray, I. title: Covid-19 mortality: a multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution date: 2020-07-07 words: 2015.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301426-i9a5g86x.txt summary: METHODS: An ecological analysis was used to estimate associations between these variables and age-standardised Covid-19 mortality rates at the local authority level. RESULTS: Ethnicity, population density and overweight/obesity were all found to have strong independent associations with Covid-19 mortality, at the local authority level. 9 We have conducted an ecological analysis to assess possible associations with a range of sociodemographic variables using routinely available data for local authorities e ethnicity, overweight and obesity, population density, deprivation and pollution. 9 Although it is widely reported that older people and men are at increased risk, these variables are not included in this analysis (because the mortality rates are age standardised and because we would not expect to see sufficient variation in the percentage of local authority populations who are men). Of the variables considered, we found that the strongest predictors of the rate of deaths involving Covid-19 at the local authority level were population density and ethnicity. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence about characteristics that may increase the risk of Covid-19 mortality, but they are highly correlated. METHODS: An ecological analysis was used to estimate associations between these variables and age-standardised Covid-19 mortality rates at the local authority level. RESULTS: Ethnicity, population density and overweight/obesity were all found to have strong independent associations with Covid-19 mortality, at the local authority level. DISCUSSION: This analysis provides some preliminary evidence about which variables are independently associated with Covid-19 mortality and suggests that others (deprivation and pollution) are not directly linked. It highlights the importance of multivariate analyses to understand the factors that increase vulnerability to Covid-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350620302948 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.056 id: cord-319232-qowtuhh6 author: Brazil, Victoria title: Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation date: 2020-06-03 words: 3382.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319232-qowtuhh6.txt summary: We describe our strategy development and context, simulation delivery activities and outcomes and offer principles and practical suggestions for how simulation can directly and rapidly respond to urgent need for health service transformation. Turning the promise of simulation into reality for COVID-19 preparation requires a translational approacha simulation program that is attuned to emerging priorities, has strong relationships with clinicians and service leadership and with the skills and capacity to apply (or develop) simulation strategies to address those issues. The program includes educationally focused simulation but extends to ''in situ'' simulation in clinical areas designed for translational impact-diagnosing and addressing important process and teamwork issues in patient care. Our experience with using simulation for COVID-19 pandemic preparation has sharped reflection on the role of simulation in health service performance and change management, albeit in a unique and urgent context. abstract: Healthcare simulation has significant potential for helping health services to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes to care pathways and processes needed for protection of staff and patients may be facilitated by a translational simulation approach—diagnosing changes needed, developing and testing new processes and then embedding new systems and teamwork through training. However, there are also practical constraints on running in situ simulations during a pandemic—the need for physical distancing, rigorous infection control for manikins and training equipment and awareness of heightened anxiety among simulation participants. We describe our institution’s simulation strategy for COVID-19 preparation and reflect on the lessons learned—for simulation programs and for health services seeking to utilise translational simulation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer practical suggestions for a translational simulation strategy and simulation delivery within pandemic constraints. We also suggest simulation programs develop robust strategies, governance and relationships for managing change within institutions—balancing clinician engagement, systems engineering expertise and the power of translational simulation for diagnosing, testing and embedding changes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514386/ doi: 10.1186/s41077-020-00127-z id: cord-301082-sikgk58i author: Breevoort, Arnar title: High-altitude populations need special considerations for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 words: 1117.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301082-sikgk58i.txt summary: We argue that high altitude human populations require special attention to access the international supply of ventilators. Yet, with altitude there is a progressive reduction in barometric pressure and subsequently in oxygen pressure leading to major physiological adaptations in the lungs 9 , which are not usually considered in ventilator quality tests. In these tests, the majority of commercial ventilators failed at high altitude, delivering tidal volumes with up to 40% error from the set volume 10 . Similarly, failure to contain the virus in Ethiopia, the second most populated country in Africa, would negatively affect the treatment efforts of the region. The further spread of COVID-19 can be halted under international collaboration and the understanding that success is dependent on the containment of COVID-19 in all countries, including economically challenged countries 15 . abstract: The atmospheric pressure that decreases with altitude affects lung physiology. However, these changes in physiology are not usually considered in ventilator design and testing. We argue that high altitude human populations require special attention to access the international supply of ventilators. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17131-6 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17131-6 id: cord-302513-u9n56pnb author: Breitinger, Scott title: Key Opportunities for the COVID-19 Response to Create a Path to Sustainable Telemedicine Services date: 2020-10-01 words: 1270.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302513-u9n56pnb.txt summary: During the COVID-19 era, telemedicine has been an essential method to ensure the continuation of health care services while allowing for social distancing and reducing rates of COVID-19 transmission. With the increased exposure and comfort with virtual health care amongst patients and providers, the demand for expanded access to telehealth services is not likely to wane once the pandemic has passed. 8 Loosening restrictions on telehealth reimbursement under COVID-19 emergency orders has resulted in a dramatic expansion of virtual care, which has allowed for providing crucial medical services to vulnerable patient populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Federal legislation could be used to redefine the "place of service." Instead of the site of the patient arbitrarily defined as the virtual place of service, the site of the clinician redefined as the site of care delivery would alleviate the need for providers to have multiple state licenses to practice telemedicine. The expansion of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed many providers and patients to experience better access to effective care. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025619620311241?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.034 id: cord-266175-4jyltfus author: Brendish, Nathan J title: Clinical impact of molecular point-of-care testing for suspected COVID-19 in hospital (COV-19POC): a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study date: 2020-10-08 words: 5468.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266175-4jyltfus.txt summary: METHODS: We did a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study of molecular point-of-care testing in patients aged 18 years or older presenting with suspected COVID-19 to the emergency department or other acute areas of Southampton General Hospital during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. [5] [6] [7] [8] The aim of this trial was to assess the clinical impact and real-world diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care testing using the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in adults presenting with suspected COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. This prospective, non-randomised, controlled trial of routine point-of-care testing for COVID-19 in hospital shows the feasibility of point-of-care testing with the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel, and shows clinical benefits across a range of outcome measures including time to results, infection control measures, and recruitment into clinical trials compared with a control group tested by centralised laboratory PCR. abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of the COVID-19 pandemic is hampered by long delays associated with centralised laboratory PCR testing. In hospitals, these delays lead to poor patient flow and nosocomial transmission. Rapid, accurate tests are therefore urgently needed in preparation for the next wave of the pandemic. METHODS: We did a prospective, interventional, non-randomised, controlled study of molecular point-of-care testing in patients aged 18 years or older presenting with suspected COVID-19 to the emergency department or other acute areas of Southampton General Hospital during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK. Nose and throat swab samples taken at admission from patients in the point-of-care testing group were tested with the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel. Samples taken from patients in a contemporaneous control group were tested by laboratory PCR. The primary outcome was time to results in the full cohort. This study is registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN14966673) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between March 20 and April 29, 2020, 517 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 499 were recruited to the point-of-care testing group and tested by the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel. 555 contemporaneously identified patients were included in the control group and tested by laboratory PCR. The two groups were similar with regard to the distribution of sex, age, and ethnicity. 197 (39%) patients in the point-of-care testing group and 155 (28%) in the control group tested positive for COVID-19 (difference 11·5% [95% CI 5·8–17·2], p=0·0001). Median time to results was 1·7 h (IQR 1·6–1·9) in the point-of-care testing group and 21·3 h (16·0–27·9) in the control group (difference 19·6 h [19·0–20·3], p<0·0001). A Cox proportional hazards regression model controlling for age, sex, time of presentation, and severity of illness also showed that time to results was significantly shorter in the point-of-care testing group than in the control group (hazard ratio 4023 [95% CI 545–29 696], p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Point-of-care testing is associated with large reductions in time to results and could lead to improvements in infection control measures and patient flow compared with centralised laboratory PCR testing. FUNDING: University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33038974/ doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30454-9 id: cord-324234-3l8n9mhf author: Brennan, John title: Social work, mental health, older people and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 2721.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324234-3l8n9mhf.txt summary: Social workers engaging with the general population of older people work with people presenting with a range of issues including mental health needs. Increasingly, social workers are likely to work with those older people who experience poverty, ill-health, depression, dementia, substance abuse, or those with unresolved traumas from previous years (Phillips and Ray, 2012) . Some social workers have been temporarily redeployed to undertake new roles or tasks, for example, moving from working with community-based older people to a position as a family liaison worker for nursing homes in a local area. Social workers in residential, hospital, and community settings have sought new creative ways to advocate for and support older people to find ways to overcome social isolation, receive information, and access resources, including increased usage of assistive technology. Social workers are in the frontline in Ireland and across Europe and further afield in supporting older people emotionally and practically to maintain their mental health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393411/ doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000873 id: cord-266392-bayabroa author: Brenner, Erica J. title: BENIGN EVOLUTION OF SARS-CoV2 INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM TWO INTERNATIONAL DATABASES date: 2020-10-12 words: 1244.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266392-bayabroa.txt summary: 2 Since highest ACE2 expression is in the terminal ileum and colon, further upregulated during inflammation, and many COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms, longitudinal data are necessary determine whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients are at risk for severe or complicated COVID-19. A recent analysis in IBD patients from the SECURE-IBD registry revealed older age, steroid medication and comorbidities as risk factors for severe evolution, while the same study showed that the 29 IBD patients less 20 years had only mild disease courses. Factors associated with hospitalization included comorbid conditions other than IBD (50% hospitalized vs 12% not; p value <0.01), moderate/severe IBD disease activity (64% vs 15%; p value <0.01 overall), gastrointestinal symptoms (71% vs 19%, p value <0.01), sulfasalazine/mesalamine use (57% vs 21%; p value 0.01), and steroid use (29% vs 8%, p value 0.03). The six-year-old colitis patient requiring ICU care in this series is in line with the recent reports of multi-systemic inflammatory (Kawasaki-like) syndrome temporarily related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059040/ doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.010 id: cord-267260-8l831mre author: Brenner, Erica J. title: Corticosteroids, but not TNF Antagonists, are Associated with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results from an International Registry date: 2020-05-18 words: 3136.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267260-8l831mre.txt summary: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). To understand the impact of IBD on case fatality, we computed expected and observed deaths and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) utilizing published agestratified COVID-19 case fatality rates from China and Italy 2, 23 and publically available data from the U.S. 24, 25 Multivariable logistic regression estimated the independent effects of age, sex, disease (CD vs UC/IBD-U), disease activity, smoking, BMI ≥30, and number of comorbidities (0, 1, ≥2) on the primary outcome of severe COVID-19, defined as a composite of ICU admission, ventilator use, and/or death, consistent with existing COVID-19 literature. In our exploratory analyses, we found that TNF antagonist combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, was positively associated with the outcome of hospitalization or death (aOR 5.0, 95% CI 2.0-12.3), after adjusting for clinical and demographic variables and use of systemic corticosteroids and 5-ASA/sulfasalazine. abstract: Background and Aims The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. We sought to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 among IBD patients and evaluate the association between demographics, clinical characteristics, and immunosuppressant treatments on COVID-19 outcomes. Methods Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19. We calculated age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and utilized multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use, and/or death. Results 525 cases from 33 countries were reported (Median age 43 years, 53% men). Thirty-seven patients (7%) had severe COVID-19, 161 (31%) were hospitalized, and 16 patients died (3% case fatality rate). SMRs for IBD patients were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-2.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.7-2.2), and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) relative to data from China, Italy, and the US, respectively. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among IBD patients included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR 6.9, 95% CI 2.3-20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.7). TNF antagonist treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 (aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-2.2). Conclusions Increasing age, comorbidities, and corticosteroids are associated with severe COVID-19 among IBD patients, although a causal relationship cannot be definitively established. Notably, TNF antagonists do not appear to be associated with severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032 id: cord-288634-7g2kg2tz author: Bres Bullrich, Maria title: COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals date: 2020-05-26 words: 1781.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288634-7g2kg2tz.txt summary: We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the emergency department, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London''s regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. 1,2 However, to date, no study has formally evaluated the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on the number of stroke patients being assessed in the ED, stroke admissions, or referrals to stroke prevention clinics in Canada. We, therefore, assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the ED, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the urgent stroke prevention clinic at London Health Sciences Center University Hospital''s regional stroke center, serving a captive population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. abstract: We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the emergency department, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London’s regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. We found a 20% drop in the number of code strokes in 2020 compared to 2019, immediately after the first cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. There were no changes in the number of stroke admissions and there was a 22% decrease in the number of clinic referrals, only after the provincial lockdown. Our findings suggest that the decrease in code strokes was mainly driven by patient-related factors such as fear to be exposed to the SARS-CoV-2, while the reduction in clinic referrals was largely explained by hospital policies and the Government lockdown. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32450927/ doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.101 id: cord-338097-kdrq81w5 author: Brescia, Marilia D''Elboux Guimarães title: “Green July” 2020 and Another Good Reason to Quit Smoking: Help to Stop Spreading SARS-COV-2 and Save Lives! date: 2020-10-20 words: 1205.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338097-kdrq81w5.txt summary: In Brazil, the initiative has been a great success coordinated by the Brazilian Society of Head and Neck Surgery (BSHNS), and it was expanded to one entire month, named "Green July." All around the country, besides press and television interviews and social media posts, members of the BSHNS and its accredited training centers run talks, shows and physical activities with the population to encourage healthy habits and to avoid exposure to the major risk factors associated with head and neck cancer. 2 Fortunately, for the time being, we are unaware of any Brazilian head and neck surgeons dying of SARS-Cov-2, even though the risk of severe infection to this medical specialty is quite real. Besides their individual risk for head and neck cancer, smoking is now a major risk factor for transmitting SARS-Cov 2. Tobacco Smoking a Potential Risk Factor in Transmission of COVID-19 Infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716571 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716571 id: cord-319066-jdvvegp9 author: Bressan, Silvia title: Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks date: 2020-05-15 words: 4024.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319066-jdvvegp9.txt summary: Preparedness and response were defined, based on consensus of the research team, as organizational and operational actions taken by EDs to face the pandemic, including contingency plans, training, screening of suspected cases, surge capacity, availability and use of personal protective equipment, ED infection control measure, care pathways and management of suspected cases, health professionals safety and sustainability of care. Adjustments implemented to best manage suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients included cancellation of planned activity (i.e. outpatient visits, surgery or hospital admissions) in 90% or more of participating centers; reorganization of beds in other pediatric wards in 75%, and telemedicine in nearly 70%. Infection control measures were more consistently reported in the survey, including re-arrangement of ED patient flow, changing of staff work shift to optimize resource utilization, reduction in the number of care givers allowed with the child and home quarantine for confirmed COVID-19 pediatric cases fit for discharge. abstract: Abstract Study objective We aimed to describe the variability and identify gaps in preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in European EDs caring for children. Methods A cross-sectional point prevalence survey, was developed and disseminated through the pediatric emergency medicine research networks for Europe (REPEM) and the United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI). We aimed to include ten EDs for countries with > 20 million inhabitants and five EDs for less populated countries, unless the number of eligible EDs was below five. ED directors or their delegates completed the survey between March 20th and 21st to report practice at that time. We used descriptive statistics to analyse data. Results Overall 102 centers from 18 countries (86% response rate) completed the survey: 34% did not have an ED contingency plan for pandemics and 36% had never had simulations for such events. Wide variation on PPE items was shown for recommended PPE use at pre-triage and for patient assessment, with 62% of centers experiencing shortage in one or more PPE items, most frequently FFP2/N95 masks. Only 17% of EDs had negative pressure isolation rooms. COVID-19 positive ED staff was reported in 25% of centers. Conclusion We found variation and identified gaps in preparedness and response to the COVID-19 epidemic across European referral EDs for children. A lack in early availability of a documented contingency plan, provision of simulation training, appropriate use of PPE, and appropriate isolation facilities emerged as gaps that should be optimized to improve preparedness and inform responses to future pandemics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064420303668?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.018 id: cord-343422-910zswy0 author: Bressy, Silvia title: Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience date: 2020-05-22 words: 1258.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343422-910zswy0.txt summary: title: Technological devices in COVID-19 primary care management: the Italian experience The clinical criteria for hospital admission of COVID-19 severe pneumonia include high fever above 38°C, respiratory rate above 20 breaths/minute, heart rate above 100 beats/minute and oxygen saturation below 94% (according to the World Health Organization data, UK NHS guidance, Chinese (4) and Italian experience). (3) in the UK, Kidd (6) in Australia and John (7) in India, the use of telemedicine consultation and the help of technology, has allowed us to monitor in an efficient way our patients at home, reducing inappropriate hospitalization and referring them to a hospital only when necessary. On the basis of our experience we can conclude that the technological support and the remote approach are essentials in COVID-19 primary care assessment and it would be advisable for everybody around the world to have up to date smartphone applications (that are cheap, easy to use and widespread also in resource limited settings (7)) or technological gadgets if medical tools are not easily available. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32440688/ doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa055 id: cord-272726-ljjirt4g author: Brethauer, Stacy A. title: Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 3555.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272726-ljjirt4g.txt summary: The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. Within the department of surgery, these challenges required leadership to form new workgroups and reporting structures, establish clear communication strategies, redefine clinical activities for the faculty, and modify the workloads of trainees. For services still performing some essential operations (e.g., advanced cancer, emergent cardiac, trauma, or acute care surgery), every effort was made to minimize the number of faculty coming to work with coverage provided by those who were coming in for operative cases or on call. This "second surge" of elective cases will present its own set of logistic challenges and requires early planning to facilitate care of surgical patients once the COVID-19 surge has passed. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has created an urgent need for reorganization and surge planning among departments of surgery across the USA. METHODS: Review of the COVID-19 planning process and work products in preparation for a patient surge. Organizational and process changes, workflow redesign, and communication plans are presented. RESULTS: The planning process included widespread collaboration among leadership from many disciplines. The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary approach with input from clinical and nonclinical stakeholders is critical to successful crisis planning. A clear communication plan should be implemented early and input from trainees, staff, and faculty should be solicited. CONCLUSION: Major departmental and health system reorganization is required to adapt academic surgical practices to a widespread crisis. Surgical leadership, innovation, and flexibility are critical to successful planning and implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347453/ doi: 10.1007/s11605-020-04608-4 id: cord-033453-557obi3r author: Bretscher, Lorenzo title: COVID-19 and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns: Impact and Transmission date: 2020-09-24 words: 12205.0 sentences: 945.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033453-557obi3r.txt summary: Using the first reported case of COVID-19 in a given U.S. county as the event day, we find that firms headquartered in an affected county experience, on average, a 27-bps lower return in the 10-day post-event window. The regression results show that the average daily return of a labor-intensive firm residing in a high intensity county is 1% lower in the 10-day post-event window. To this end, we use analysts'' forecast data from the I/B/E/S database and document that the first reported coronavirus case results in downward revision of earnings estimates of firms located in the same county. Second, and related, a unique advantage of our natural experiment is that it allows us to examine the relative strength of various channels (specifically, the labor supply channel, the uncertainty channel, the government policy channel, and the cash flow news channel) through which the COVID-19 shock affects firm valuations. abstract: Using the first reported case of COVID-19 in a given U.S. county as the event day, we find that firms headquartered in an affected county experience, on average, a 27-bps lower return in the 10-day post-event window. This negative effect nearly doubles in magnitude for firms in counties with a higher infection rate (-50 bps). We test a number of transmission channels. Firms belonging to labor-intensive industries and those located in counties with a large mobility decline have worse stock performance. Firms sensitive to COVID-19-induced uncertainty also exhibit more negative returns. Finally, more negative stock returns are associated with downward revisions in earnings forecasts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543590/ doi: 10.1093/rapstu/raaa017 id: cord-307546-g2oztc8j author: Brewer, Nikki title: Sonographer safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-19 words: 836.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307546-g2oztc8j.txt summary: While overall echocardiography volume has decreased, driven by health system-wide mandates to control the pandemic, the need for timely performance of high-quality echocardiography, particularly for critically ill patients when indicated, remains great. PPE, including N95 masks and powered air purifying respirators (PAPR) hoods, are strictly worn by sonographers performing transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. As recently announced by the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography in an open letter, we believe an adequate supply of PPE is critical to minimize the risk of transmission among both sonographers and patients [6] . In the midst of this change, a number of sonographers became exposed to COVID-19 through scanning patients whose infection status was unknown or negative at the time of the study but subsequently became positive. During this pandemic, taking steps to reduce the risk of infection among sonographers and patients is of utmost importance. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12574-020-00474-w doi: 10.1007/s12574-020-00474-w id: cord-301480-jk8avgky author: Brian, Riley title: How COVID-19 inspired surgical residents to rethink educational programs date: 2020-10-21 words: 761.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301480-jk8avgky.txt summary: Focus group transcripts were independently reviewed by two investigators (RB and PO''S) and codes were identified using qualitative content analysis. Three major themes of discussion were identified: competencybased education, changes in teaching, and relationships. The first identified theme was competency-based education and the tension residents experienced between obtaining a certain number of cases to meet requirements and wondering if case number was the right way to determine competency. The final identified theme was relationships between surgical residents and their patients, patients'' families, and faculty. Third, the pandemic affected relationships between residents and faculty. By applying what we have learned from residents'' insights, we hope that we can refine surgical training and education moving forward. Insights on Otolaryngology Residency Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000296102030667X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.10.027 id: cord-311448-t17g47dj author: Brian, Zachary title: Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access date: 2020-08-13 words: 3881.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311448-t17g47dj.txt summary: Populations vulnerable to COVID-19, including those in low socioeconomic groups, minority groups, older adults, low-literacy individuals, those in rural areas, and the uninsured are also at increased risk for oral disease and associated systemic health problems (14) . The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that "non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians and Alaska Natives generally have the poorest oral health of any racial and ethnic groups in the United States," (15) and these same populations have disproportionately higher incidence of COVID-19-related infection and death (16) . Similarly, increased efforts to more effectively integrate dental programs focused on prevention, screening, and risk assessment within primary care, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatric offices should be pursued to expand access to oral health services for vulnerable populations (22) . Providers and payers together have a responsibility to shift toward preventive care, particularly as COVID-19 threatens to increase disparities in oral health care access for the United States'' most vulnerable populations. abstract: Populations disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also at higher risk for oral diseases and experience oral health and oral health care disparities at higher rates. COVID-19 has led to closure and reduced hours of dental practices except for emergency and urgent services, limiting routine care and prevention. Dental care includes aerosol-generating procedures that can increase viral transmission. The pandemic offers an opportunity for the dental profession to shift more toward nonaerosolizing, prevention-centric approaches to care and away from surgical interventions. Regulatory barrier changes to oral health care access during the pandemic could have a favorable impact if sustained into the future. url: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200266 doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200266 id: cord-290694-jmav8xi4 author: Bridgland, Victoria M. E. title: Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor date: 2020-09-22 words: 1102.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290694-jmav8xi4.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic does not fit into prevailing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) models, or diagnostic criteria, yet emerging research shows traumatic stress symptoms as a result of this ongoing global stressor. Nevertheless, among a sample of online participants (N = 1,040) in five western countries, we found participants had PTSD-like symptoms for events that had not happened and when participants had been directly (e.g., contact with virus) or indirectly exposed to COVID-19 (e.g., via media). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5 (22)), adapted to measure pre/peri/post-145 traumatic reactions, and measures of general emotional reactions, well-being, psychosocial 146 functioning, and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. We then re-presented the 209 same list of events, but asked participants to select events they were concerned about 210 happening in the future ("other" events led to three additional categories [seven responses The PTSD Checklist (PCL-5 (22)). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic does not fit into prevailing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) models, or diagnostic criteria, yet emerging research shows traumatic stress symptoms as a result of this ongoing global stressor. Current pathogenic event models focus on past, and largely direct, trauma exposure to certain kinds of life-threatening events. Nevertheless, among a sample of online participants (N = 1,040) in five western countries, we found participants had PTSD-like symptoms for events that had not happened and when participants had been directly (e.g., contact with virus) or indirectly exposed to COVID-19 (e.g., via media). Moreover, 13.2% of our sample were likely PTSD-positive, despite types of COVID-19 “exposure” (e.g., lockdown) not fitting DSM-5 criteria. The emotional impact of “worst” experienced/anticipated events best predicted PTSD-like symptoms. Our findings add to existing literature supporting a pathogenic event memory model of traumatic stress. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.22.307637 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.22.307637 id: cord-300716-urmogf97 author: Briguglio, Matteo title: Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes date: 2020-06-05 words: 9889.0 sentences: 460.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300716-urmogf97.txt summary: The respiratory condition COVID-19 arises in a human host upon the infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first acknowledged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 after its outbreak of viral pneumonia. The respiratory condition COVID-19 arises in a human host upon the infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first acknowledged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 after its outbreak of viral pneumonia. Keywords: smell, olfactory bulb, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, infections, virulence, host pathogen interactions THE SNIFFING OUT OF CORONAVIRUSES Named after their crown-like spikes, coronaviruses are large non-segmented single-stranded positive-sense enveloped RNA viruses that may spill out from animals to infect humans and cause respiratory diseases. It is urgent to discuss whether SARS-CoV-2 can gain access to the central nervous system through a nasal-nervous pathway or other routes and if the fatal respiratory failure may be associated with a neuronal injury in critical brain areas of the host. abstract: The respiratory condition COVID-19 arises in a human host upon the infection with SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that was first acknowledged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 after its outbreak of viral pneumonia. The full-blown COVID-19 can lead, in susceptible individuals, to premature death because of the massive viral proliferation, hypoxia, misdirected host immunoresponse, microthrombosis, and drug toxicities. Alike other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a neuroinvasive potential, which may be associated with early neurological symptoms. In the past, the nervous tissue of patients infected with other coronaviruses was shown to be heavily infiltrated. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 commonly report dysosmia, which has been related to the viral access in the olfactory bulb. However, this early symptom may reflect the nasal proliferation that should not be confused with the viral access in the central nervous system of the host, which can instead be allowed by means of other routes for spreading in most of the neuroanatomical districts. Axonal, trans-synaptic, perineural, blood, lymphatic, or Trojan routes can gain the virus multiples accesses from peripheral neuronal networks, thus ultimately invading the brain and brainstem. The death upon respiratory failure may be also associated with the local inflammation- and thrombi-derived damages to the respiratory reflexes in both the lung neuronal network and brainstem center. Beyond the infection-associated neurological symptoms, long-term neuropsychiatric consequences that could occur months after the host recovery are not to be excluded. While our article does not attempt to fully comprehend all accesses for host neuroinvasion, we aim at stimulating researchers and clinicians to fully consider the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2, which is likely to affect the peripheral nervous system targets first, such as the enteric and pulmonary nervous networks. This acknowledgment may shed some light on the disease understanding further guiding public health preventive efforts and medical therapies to fight the pandemic that directly or indirectly affects healthy isolated individuals, quarantined subjects, sick hospitalized, and healthcare workers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32581854/ doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00671 id: cord-035099-8yk0dzxf author: Brika, Marine title: Geriatric Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a Case Report date: 2020-11-09 words: 3031.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035099-8yk0dzxf.txt summary: The assessment process of this patient has been supported by an innovative multi-systemic tool developed in view of the COVID-19 clinical consequences and a systemic evaluation of motor functions by the Frail''BESTest. Aged adults who survive COVID-19 could present several frailty criteria following respiratory distress and may sometimes need to spend several days in an intensive care unit. Considering the physiotherapeutic diagnosis of Mr. P, as well as the agespecific lung physiology of the patient [26] , some cardiopulmonary rehabilitation exercises allowing both the maintenance of ventilator functions and the improvement of hematosis can be proposed. The four assessments performed by the specific COVID-19 evaluation showed an overall improvement of the patient in several functions. In our opinion, it is important to understand that the issue is not only to rescue a patient from their acute respiratory problem, but more so to prevent the functional dependency associated with the infection''s consequences, especially in intensive care units where chronic diseases are frequently acquired. abstract: The COVID-19 infection has particularly affected older adults. Clinical observations in this population highlight major respiratory impairment associated with the development or aggravation of the patient’s frailty state. Mr. P is a 93-year-old frail patient, hospitalized after a COVID-19 infection. The assessment process of this patient has been supported by an innovative multi-systemic tool developed in view of the COVID-19 clinical consequences and a systemic evaluation of motor functions by the Frail’BESTest. This process allowed a mixed clinical picture associated with significant respiratory distress (linked with acute respiratory distress syndrome) and an evident motor frailty. The care plan was developed accordingly, and four assessments were done in the same manner until Mr. P returned home. This case report allows us to see a holistic COVID-19 clinical picture, showing the different axes of clinical reasoning to enhance the rehabilitation process. Furthermore, this case report illustrates the importance of rehabilitation in the COVID-19 context. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652377/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00613-5 id: cord-319436-mlitd45q author: Brinati, D. title: Detection of COVID-19 Infection from Routine Blood Exams with Machine Learning: a Feasibility Study date: 2020-04-25 words: 4603.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319436-mlitd45q.txt summary: Amplification of viral RNA by (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the current gold standard test for confirmation of infection, although it presents known shortcomings: long turnaround times (3-4 hours to generate results), potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates as large as 15-20%, the need for certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel. Material and methods We developed two machine learning classification models using hematochemical values from routine blood exams (namely: white blood cells counts, and the platelets, CRP, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH plasma levels) drawn from 279 patients who, after being admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) emergency-room with COVID-19 symptoms, were screened with the rRT-PCR test performed on respiratory tract specimens. The best performing model, i.e. the Random Forest classifier, trained on dataset B, achieved the following results on the test/validation set: accuracy = 82% , sensitivity = 92%, PPV = 83%, specificity = 65%, AUC = 84%. abstract: Background - The COVID-19 pandemia due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, in its first 4 months since its outbreak, has to date reached more than 200 countries worldwide with more than 2 million confirmed cases (probably a much higher number of infected), and almost 200,000 deaths. Amplification of viral RNA by (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the current gold standard test for confirmation of infection, although it presents known shortcomings: long turnaround times (3-4 hours to generate results), potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates as large as 15-20%, the need for certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel. Thus there is a need for alternative, faster, less expensive and more accessible tests. Material and methods - We developed two machine learning classification models using hematochemical values from routine blood exams (namely: white blood cells counts, and the platelets, CRP, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH plasma levels) drawn from 279 patients who, after being admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) emergency-room with COVID-19 symptoms, were screened with the rRT-PCR test performed on respiratory tract specimens. Of these patients, 177 resulted positive, whereas 102 received a negative response. Results - We have developed two machine learning models, to discriminate between patients who are either positive or negative to the SARS-CoV-2: their accuracy ranges between 82% and 86%, and sensitivity between 92% e 95%, so comparably well with respect to the gold standard. We also developed an interpretable Decision Tree model as a simple decision aid for clinician interpreting blood tests (even off-line) for COVID-19 suspect cases. Discussion - This study demonstrated the feasibility and clinical soundness of using blood tests analysis and machine learning as an alternative to rRT-PCR for identifying COVID-19 positive patients. This is especially useful in those countries, like developing ones, suffering from shortages of rRT-PCR reagents and specialized laboratories. We made available a Web-based tool for clinical reference and evaluation. This tool is available at https://covid19-blood-ml.herokuapp.com. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20075143v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075143 id: cord-314280-kf2bo06e author: Brissot, Eolia title: Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation date: 2020-06-11 words: 2155.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314280-kf2bo06e.txt summary: Their study suggests that hospital admission and recurrent outpatient visits, inherent to cancer patients'' management, are potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given that percentage of asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 can be high [8] , all newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) should be screened for COVID-19 infection by PCR and high-resolution thoracic computerized tomography scan before initiating chemotherapy [9] ( Table 1 ). Patients fit to receive intensive therapy For patients with favorable or intermediate risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [10] who are fit to receive intensive chemotherapy, the standard "3 + 7" induction should be considered [11] . Overall, the management of patients with AL in the COVID-19 outbreak is a major challenge, as this hematological malignancy requires rapid treatment, which may result in a requirement for admission to an ICU unit. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-020-0970-x doi: 10.1038/s41409-020-0970-x id: cord-273828-557vlq9d author: Brito, Carlos Antunes title: Mechanisms and consequences of COVID-19 associated liver injury: What can we affirm? date: 2020-08-27 words: 3095.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273828-557vlq9d.txt summary: Since the first reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in December 2019 in China, numerous papers have been published describing a high frequency of liver injury associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, many of them proposing a link between these findings and patient outcomes. Recently, many papers have been published reporting gastrointestinal manifestations, including acute liver injury, with increased levels of aminotransferases, in COVID-19 patients; these manifestations have been reported more frequently in patients with severe forms of this disease. Liver injury related to SARS-CoV-2 disease has been defined by increased liver enzyme serum levels, mainly aminotransferases and bilirubin, during the infection course in patients with or without previous liver disease [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] . Wide variability in deviations of liver enzyme serum levels from normal values is observed in infected patients, with an elevation frequency ranging from 16% to 62% for aminotransferases and from 5% to 21% for bilirubin. abstract: Since the first reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in December 2019 in China, numerous papers have been published describing a high frequency of liver injury associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, many of them proposing a link between these findings and patient outcomes. Increases in serum aminotransferase levels (ranging from 16% to 62%) and bilirubin levels (ranging from 5% to 21%) have been reported and seem to be more often observed in patients with severe forms of COVID-19. Although absolute changes in these parameters are frequently seen, other variables, such as the ratio above the upper limit of normal, the onset of liver injury as a complication in severe cases and histopathological findings, reinforce that liver changes are of dubious clinical relevance in the course of this disease. Other factors must also be considered in these analyses, such as the repercussions of hemodynamic changes, the presence of thrombotic events, and, mainly, the possible drug-induced liver injury with the current, yet off-label, treatment. This paper aimed to analyze the currently available data on liver injury in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.413 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i8.413 id: cord-304946-fs02dxg5 author: Brochez, L. title: Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-12 words: 1061.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304946-fs02dxg5.txt summary: title: Recommendations for skin cancer consultation and surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic On the other hand, decreases in some non-COVID19 health problems have been observed, e.g. myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed cancers among which esp. In this position paper, we describe recommendations developed by the Belgian Association of Dermato-Oncology (BADO) for prioritization of patients in the field of dermato-oncology during COVID19 pandemic without compromising quality of care and safety. Alternatively they can be asked to use alcohol 70% desinfectant • If patients have a face mask (or the dermatology practice can provide one) they should be asked to wear it. • The dermatologist who performs a total body examination with dermoscopy should wear a face mask and wash/desinfect hands. Skin cancer triage and management during COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789960/ doi: 10.1111/jdv.16772 id: cord-302421-tvy7uo7u author: Brock, Rebecca L. title: Family Science in the Context of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Solutions and New Directions date: 2020-07-14 words: 5238.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302421-tvy7uo7u.txt summary: The primary aims of this article were to (a) present a range of potential solutions to problems threatening the rigor of ongoing research and (b) propose new directions in family science aimed at understanding how families adapt to change and adversity arising from the pandemic. An example with particular relevance to family science is the Two-Method Missing Design, an approach used when there is a gold standard measure of a construct (e.g., behavioral observations of family interactions) that cannot be administered to all participants due to time, money, resources, or, in the case of COVID-19, social distancing guidelines. Drawing on past research and theory, we can investigate the specific impact of the stress and adversity arising from COVID-19 on individual mental health and family functioning and identify modifiable risk and resiliency factors to target in interventions. In the absence of ongoing longitudinal studies, the COVID-19 pandemic presents another avenue for family scientists to pursue new research on the impact of stress and adversity on family functioning. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has precipitated substantial global disruption and will continue to pose major challenges. In recognition of the challenges currently faced by family scientists, we share our perspectives about conducting family research in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. There are two primary issues we address in this article. First, we present a range of potential solutions to challenges in research, resulting from the pandemic, and discuss strategies for preserving ongoing research efforts. We discuss approaches to scaling back existing protocols, share ideas for adapting lab‐based measures for online administration (e.g., using video chat platforms), and suggest strategies for addressing missing data and reduced sample size due to lower participation rates and funding restrictions. We also discuss the importance of measuring COVID‐19 relevant factors to use as controls or explore as moderators of primary hypotheses. Second, we discuss how the COVID‐19 pandemic represents a scientifically important context for understanding how families adjust and adapt to change and adversity. Increased stress precipitated by the pandemic, varying from acute stress associated with job loss to more chronic and enduring stress, will undoubtedly take a toll. We discuss ways that family scientists can contribute to pandemic‐related research to promote optimal family functioning and protect the health of family members. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12582 doi: 10.1111/famp.12582 id: cord-312194-1jiaghrb author: Brondani, M. title: The HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Parallel in Dentistry from the Perspectives of the Oral Health Care Team date: 2020-09-18 words: 4764.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt summary: KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The COVID-19 pandemic has unraveled potential societal implications in a parallel to the HIV/AIDS era from the perspectives of oral health care providers and their staff. Interview questions included but were not limited to the following: 1) "What do you know about the COVID-19 outbreak?" 2) "What do you know about the transmission of the virus?" 3) "Why is this pandemic relevant to oral health care?" 4) "What do you understand by being prepared to provide oral health care during the pandemic?" While we did not plan to ask questions about HIV/AIDS in particular, the nature of qualitative inquiry allowed us to probe for that information after participants willingly compared the 2 pandemics from various perspectives. Our main objective with this qualitative inquiry was to unravel the potential professional and social implications of the COVID-19 pandemic according to members of oral health care teams from across British Columbia, Canada. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to unravel the professional and social consequences of COVID-19 as compared with the AIDS pandemic according to oral health care providers, staff, and administrators. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative inquiry via at-a-distance, semistructured interviews engaged a purposefully recruited sample of oral health care team workers in British Columbia. Interviews took place between April 20 and May 15, 2020; they were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and deidentified for interactive thematic analysis. An inductive process of coding was used to identify themes, subthemes, and categories of information. RESULTS: Forty-five interviews were conducted with 18 dentists, 12 dental hygienists, 6 certified dental assistants, and 9 administrators; 22 were females. Interviews each lasted an average of 48 min. After the transcripts were coded, 3 subthemes emerged: 1) personal protective equipment and universal precautions as commonsense approaches to care during both pandemics; 2) an (un)collapsed world in terms of global lockdowns; and 3) social unrest in terms of the potential for stigma and discrimination caused by both pandemics. These subthemes made up the COVID-19–AIDS parallel theme. CONCLUSION: This study explored the extent to which the current COVID-19 pandemic is leading to professional and social consequences when a parallel is drawn with the AIDS pandemic. This is the first qualitative study that identifies the potential social unrest of the pandemic from the perspective of oral health care providers and administrators. Future studies should include other providers across Canada, as well the patients receiving oral health care during this pandemic. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The COVID-19 pandemic has unraveled potential societal implications in a parallel to the HIV/AIDS era from the perspectives of oral health care providers and their staff. Such implications are changing the way that oral health care is delivered; it may also be leading to social unrest in the form of stigma and discrimination. This study discusses some of these implications from the perspective of oral health care providers and administrators. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942933/ doi: 10.1177/2380084420961089 id: cord-314347-4dsg2sxd author: Brondino, Natascia title: Effective Strategies for Managing COVID-19 Emergency Restrictions for Adults with Severe ASD in a Daycare Center in Italy date: 2020-07-09 words: 2636.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314347-4dsg2sxd.txt summary: COVID-19 sanitary restrictions led to significant changes in the lives of people with ASD, including their routines; similarly, these modifications affected the daily activities of the daycare centers which they attended. The present retrospective study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on challenging behaviors in a cohort of people with severe ASD attending a daycare center in Italy at the beginning of the pandemic. The application of governmental restrictions determined significant changes in the activities of the daycare center and a great effort from the healthcare workers to maintain the quality and specificity of services provided to people with ASD. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of restrictions on challenging behaviors in a sample of individuals with ASD and cognitive impairment attending a daycare center before complete lockdown. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of COVID-19 emergency restrictions and daycare center implementation on problem behaviors using our registry. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a serious challenge for the life and mental health of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). COVID-19 sanitary restrictions led to significant changes in the lives of people with ASD, including their routines; similarly, these modifications affected the daily activities of the daycare centers which they attended. The present retrospective study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on challenging behaviors in a cohort of people with severe ASD attending a daycare center in Italy at the beginning of the pandemic. During the first two weeks of the pandemic, we did not observe variations in challenging behaviors. This suggests that adaptations used to support these individuals with ASD in adapting to the COVID-19 emergency restrictions were effective for managing their behavior. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070436 doi: 10.3390/brainsci10070436 id: cord-275038-zu6xmuql author: Bronte, V. title: Baricitinib restrains the immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-29 words: 5685.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275038-zu6xmuql.txt summary: Indeed, we demonstrate a significant reduction in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1{beta} and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a rapid recovery in circulating T and B cell frequencies and an increased antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in baricitinib-treated patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 doi: medRxiv preprint time the interstitial lung involvement was more frequent and extensive in patients enrolled in baricitinib group compared to patients in the control cohort, the possible clinical benefit on the lung induced by baricitinib treatment was speculated (data not shown). In order to evaluate the downstream molecular targets of baricitinib activity, we first demonstrated that patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia expressed phosphorylated Tyr705 in STAT3 (p-STAT3) in different leukocyte subsets (Supplemental Figure 1A) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 doi: medRxiv preprint Notably, in both untreated and baricitinib-treated patients, there was an expansion of monocytes at day 7, which probably reflects a common COVID-19 evolution (Supplemental Figure 2D ), as recently published (11) . abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The majority of patients with COVID-19 have a good prognosis, but variable percentages in different countries develop pneumonia associated with lymphocytopenia and severe inflammatory response due to uncontrolled release of cytokines. These immune mediators are transcriptionally regulated by JAK-STAT molecular pathways, which can be disabled by small molecules. Here, we provide evidences on the efficacy of baricitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, in correcting the immune abnormalities observed in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Indeed, we demonstrate a significant reduction in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1{beta} and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a rapid recovery in circulating T and B cell frequencies and an increased antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in baricitinib-treated patients. Moreover, treated patients underwent a rapid reduction in oxygen flow need and progressive increase in the P/F. Our work provides the basis on developing effective treatments against COVID-19 pathogenesis using on-target therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20135319 id: cord-033827-ex1ahuc6 author: Brooks, Deborah Jordan title: Double Whammy: Why the Underrepresentation of Women among Workplace and Political Decision Makers Matters in Pandemic Times date: 2020-08-18 words: 2477.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033827-ex1ahuc6.txt summary: We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. We find that women tend to share distinctive perspectives regarding COVID-19 that emphasize caution far more than is the case for their male counterparts, and we show that the gender difference tracks across political parties. In light of the poor representation of women among decision makers in most U.S. industries and in politics, the results of this analysis suggest that regulations about COVID-19-related issues are likely to be less focused on the protection of individuals from the coronavirus than might otherwise be the case if women were equally represented in leadership roles in the United States. As a result, we examine whether there is a gender gap among workers regarding responses to COVID-19 and, in turn, whether differences exist between workplace leaders versus nonleader employees. abstract: In this article, we explore whether women's underrepresentation among political and workplace decision makers may subject female citizens and employees to COVID-19-related decisions that are at odds with their preferences. We find that women overall, as well as female political party members, workers, and workplace leaders in particular, share a distinctively female perspective that more heavily emphasizes caution with respect to COVID-19 compared with men. Given the limited representation of women leaders across most industries and in politics, COVID-19 regulations are thus likely to be less cautious than would be the case if there were an equitable representation of women across leadership roles. We argue that female employees, in particular, face a representational “double whammy” for COVID-19: gender imbalances in workplace leadership create inequities that are compounded—rather than redressed—by unequal political representation. We conclude by addressing how this dynamic may enhance the movement of women away from Republican candidates moving forward. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562855/ doi: 10.1017/s1743923x20000628 id: cord-287734-q7ae4dyf author: Brosnahan, Shari B. title: Thrombosis at Hospital Presentation in Patients with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 words: 2073.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287734-q7ae4dyf.txt summary: In an observational study, patients 5 with severe COVID-19 and an elevated D-dimer or evidence of coagulopathy who received 6 thromboprophylaxis during hospitalization had decreased in-hospital mortality, 6 supporting 7 associations between thrombosis and outcomes. 7 Consequently, current society recommendations support chemical 9 thromboprophylaxis to mitigate thrombotic risk among inpatients with 8, 9 10 Catastrophic thrombotic events, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, and myocardial 11 infarction have been also reported in COVID-19 at the time of hospital presentation, suggesting 12 pre-hospital initiation of thrombus. In this study of patients with thrombosis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed 1 that the number of STEMI activations decreased, 18, 19 severe strokes in younger patients 2 increased, 20, 21 and incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism increased, 22, 23 as 3 previously described in other cohorts. 17 We showed increased mortality in COVID-19 patients who develop outpatient thrombosis as Respiratory infections, and pneumonia specifically, have shown to increase incidence of venous 4 thromboembolism. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better characterize COVID-19 patients most at risk for severe, outpatient thrombosis by defining patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with an arterial or venous thrombosis diagnosed at admission METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a single center retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients. There was a shift in the proportions of thrombosis subtypes from 2019 to 2020, with declines in STEMI (from 22.0% to 10.1% of thrombotic events) and stroke (from 48.6% to 37.2%), and an increase in the proportion of patients with VTE (29.4% to 52.7%). COVID-associated thrombosis were younger (58 years vs. 64 years, p=0.043), trended to be less frequently female (31.3% vs. 43.9%, p =0.16), but there was no difference body mass index or major comorbidities between those with and without COVID-19. COVID-19-associted thrombosis was correlated with a higher mortality (15.2% vs. 4.3%, p=0.016). The biometric profile of patients admitted with COVID-associated thrombosis compared to regular thrombosis had significant changes in the complete blood count, liver function tests, d-dimer, c-related protein, ferritin, and coagulation panels. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatients with COVID-19 who developed thrombosis requiring hospitalization have an increased mortality over non-COVID-19 outpatients who develop thrombosis requiring hospitalization. Given the significantly higher inflammatory markers, it is possible this is related to different mechanisms of thrombotic disease in these patients. The inflammation may be a target to reduce the risk of or aid in the treatment of thrombosis. We call for more studies elucidating the role immunothrombosis maybe playing in COVID. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213333X20306259 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.11.004 id: cord-344389-aj9q73f0 author: Brosnahan, Shari B. title: COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalizations Followed by Re-presentation for Presumed Thrombotic Event date: 2020-06-23 words: 1668.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344389-aj9q73f0.txt summary: This series describes clinical observations at a large academic hospital center (in New York City), related to increased rates of thrombotic events in patients re-presenting to healthcare within a short timeframe after an index COVID-19 admission. These observations have raised our concern regarding a continued hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients despite clinical stability that exists post-hospitalization; patients with certain risk factors may benefit from extended VTE prophylaxis. All patients re-presented within 8 days of discharge, echoing prior studies that depict the highest risk for thrombosis post-hospitalization for a medical illness occurs within 9 days. Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility: a randomized trial Recognition of biomarker identified high-risk patients in the acute medically ill venous thromboembolism prevention with extended duration betrixaban study resulting in a protocol amendment Modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score and Elevated D-Dimer Identify a High Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Acutely Ill Medical Population for Extended Thromboprophylaxis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589950/ doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.023 id: cord-349159-rndtf508 author: Brosseau, Lisa M title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 words: 5946.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt summary: Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. From that perspective, occupational hygienists have an obligation Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2020, 1-10 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 Original Article to consider hazardous SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in workplace risk assessments and to encourage employers to utilize well-studied and proven source and pathway control strategies for minimizing aerosol exposures. (2019) proposed a control banding method for aerosol-transmissible diseases, such as COVID-19, for two reasons: (i) to identify those jobs at highest risk and (ii) encourage the use of source and pathway controls before resorting to personal protective equipment (PPE), for the ultimate goal of conserving PPE for those in the highest risk categories. abstract: With growing evidence of inhalation of small infectious particles as an important mode of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, workplace risk assessments should focus on eliminating or minimizing such exposures by applying the hierarchy of controls. We adapt a control banding model for aerosol-transmissible infectious disease pandemic planning to encourage the use of source and pathway controls before receptor controls (personal protective equipment). Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. We describe several examples for workers at high risk of exposure in essential or return to work categories. The goal of using control banding for such workers is to develop effective infection and disease prevention programs and conserve personal protective equipment. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 id: cord-271814-a2vlkwce author: Brough, Helen A. title: Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics date: 2020-05-31 words: 2929.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271814-a2vlkwce.txt summary: In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID‐19. allergy, asthma, biologics, children, coronavirus, corticosteroids, COVID-19, immunodeficiency, SARS-CoV-2, treatment clinically diagnosed, but not virologically confirmed. The care of children with allergies or immune conditions is being adapted to the current situation, with more remote working and providing guidance to children to reduce likelihood of infection in children who would be deemed at higher risk of severe COVID-19 disease. Evaluating asthma and allergy more specifically as potential risk factors, a retrospective study based on electronic medical records from 140 hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients investigated pre-existing asthma or allergic diseases. As a joint project, questionThe current COVID-19 pandemic might also pose a risk to pediatric patients with secondary immunodeficiencies, such as patients on immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune or severe allergic diseases. abstract: While the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic with COVID‐19, patients with chronic diseases need special attention and if warranted adaptation of their regular treatment plan. In children, allergy and asthma are among the most prevalent non‐communicable chronic diseases, and healthcare providers taking care of these patients need guidance. At the current stage of knowledge, children have less severe symptoms of COVID‐19, and severe asthma and immunodeficiency are classified as risk factors. In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID‐19. Most countries affected by COVID‐19 have opted for nationwide confinement, which means that communication with the primary clinician is often performed by telemedicine. Optimal disease control of allergic, asthmatic, and immunodeficient children should be sought according to usual treatment guidelines. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics puts forward six recommendations for the management of childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies based on six underlying facts and existing evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13262 doi: 10.1111/pai.13262 id: cord-292015-pfvgpf7v author: Brouwer, A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in decedents in a large, urban medical examiner''s office date: 2020-08-07 words: 2914.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292015-pfvgpf7v.txt summary: We found large racial disparities in test results: despite no statistical difference in the racial distribution between those flagged and not, SARS-CoV-2 positive decedents were substantially more likely to be Black (89% vs 51%). Since mid-March (shortly after surveillance networks began detecting positive cases [7] ), WCME has been piloting daily SARS-CoV-2 surveillance by testing nasopharyngeal swabs of decedents, including both COVID-19 suspects and nonsuspects. In this analysis we compare percent positivity in WCME''s piloted SARS-Cov-2 surveillance among decedents-distinguishing between those flagged by a COVID-19 checklist and those that were not-to the percent positivity of tests among people in the surrounding catchment area. The percent positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among decedents flagged for testing by a COVID-19 checklist in large, urban medical examiner''s office closely mirrored percent positivity among tests in the catchment population. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20162883 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 test results among decedents not flagged by the COVID-19 checklist. abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic. Given the challenges in implementing widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing, there is increasing interest in alternative surveillance strategies. Methods: We tested nasopharyngeal swabs from 821 decedents in the Wayne County Medical Examiner's office for SARS-CoV-2. All decedents were assessed by a COVID-19 checklist, and decedents flagged by the checklist (237) were preferentially tested. A random sample of decedents not flagged by the checklist were also tested (584). We statistically analyzed the characteristics of decedents (age, sex, race, and manner of death), differentiating between those flagged by the checklist and not and between those SARS-CoV-2 positive and not. Results: Decedents were more likely to be male (70% vs 48%) and Black (55% vs 36%) than the catchment population. Seven-day average percent positivity among flagged decedents closely matched the trajectory of percent positivity in the catchment population, particularly during the peak of the outbreak (March and April). After a lull in May to mid-June, new positive tests in late June coincided with increased case detection in the catchment. We found large racial disparities in test results: despite no statistical difference in the racial distribution between those flagged and not, SARS-CoV-2 positive decedents were substantially more likely to be Black (89% vs 51%). SARS-CoV-2 positive decedents were also more likely to be older and to have died of natural causes, including of COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: Disease surveillance through medical examiners and coroners could supplement other forms of surveillance and may serve as a possible early outbreak warning sign. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20162883 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.03.20162883 id: cord-328646-msut5gyc author: Brown, Amy title: Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support date: 2020-09-23 words: 8808.0 sentences: 443.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328646-msut5gyc.txt summary: Given that we know breastfeeding is best supported by practices that keep mother and baby together, high‐quality professional and peer‐to‐peer support, and positive maternal well‐being, it is important to understand the impact of the pandemic upon the ability to breastfeed. To explore this, we conducted an online survey with 1219 breastfeeding mothers in the United Kingdom with a baby 0–12 months old to understand the impact of the pandemic upon breastfeeding duration, experiences and support. At the time of writing, no published peer-reviewed data exists on the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding outcomes and decisions around infant feeding in the United Kingdom. This study explored women''s experiences of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in relation to how lockdown measures affected their infant feeding decisions. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown and social distancing led to changes to breastfeeding support available to women in the United Kingdom. Face‐to‐face professional support was reduced, and face‐to‐face peer support was cancelled. Anecdotal media accounts highlighted practices separating some mothers and babies in hospitals, alongside inaccurate stories of the safety of breastfeeding circulating. Meanwhile, new families were confined to their homes, separated from families and support networks. Given that we know breastfeeding is best supported by practices that keep mother and baby together, high‐quality professional and peer‐to‐peer support, and positive maternal well‐being, it is important to understand the impact of the pandemic upon the ability to breastfeed. To explore this, we conducted an online survey with 1219 breastfeeding mothers in the United Kingdom with a baby 0–12 months old to understand the impact of the pandemic upon breastfeeding duration, experiences and support. The results highlighted two very different experiences: 41.8% of mothers felt that breastfeeding was protected due to lockdown, but 27.0% of mothers struggled to get support and had numerous barriers stemming from lockdown with some stopped breastfeeding before they were ready. Mothers with a lower education, with more challenging living circumstances and from Black and minority ethnic backgrounds were more likely to find the impact of lockdown challenging and stop breastfeeding. The findings are vital in understanding how we now support those women who may be grieving their loss of breastfeeding and are affected by their negative experiences and how we can learn from those with a positive experience to make sure all breastfeeding women are better supported if similar future events arise. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13088 doi: 10.1111/mcn.13088 id: cord-303115-bks0uvvr author: Brown, Elizabeth A. title: COVID-19: Racism Is Like That date: 2020-10-19 words: 1494.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303115-bks0uvvr.txt summary: Being black in America requires wearing an uncomfortable invisible mask, hiding anxiety and fear. Now, having more time to reflect on their stories as well as my own experiences in the south have led me an interesting realization as a black woman in the southern United States-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may open a small window for white America to see how black Americans experience racism. Minorities, particularly black Americans, wear an invisible mask each day they open their eyes and face the world. 1 The invisible masks that blacks wear hide the anger, hurt, fear, depression, anxiety, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) we carry living in a society that does not value us because Health Equity of something as frivolous as the color of our skin. Black Americans have experienced physical distancing for 400 + years now. America, notably white America, if you are tired of COVID-19 and its effects, imagine how black Americans and minorities feel. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)'s impact has similar characteristics to racism and its effects. First, there is no known immunity to COVID-19 or racism. Second, we wear uncomfortable masks to protect us from the virus. Being black in America requires wearing an uncomfortable invisible mask, hiding anxiety and fear. Third, physical distancing is promoted to reduce COVID-19 transmission. With racism, physical distancing has occurred from the Atlantic Slave Trade to segregation and redlining. COVID-19 has punished communities of color, just like racism has. COVID-19 has suffocated America just like racism does to blacks. If America is tired of COVID-19, imagine how blacks feel. url: https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0063 doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0063 id: cord-284424-6gljl7n5 author: Brown, Eric E. title: Anticipating and Mitigating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Alzheimer''s Disease and Related Dementias date: 2020-04-18 words: 5004.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284424-6gljl7n5.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer''s disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. We discuss and propose mitigation strategies for: the risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated morbidity and mortality for individuals with ADRD; the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and clinical management of ADRD; consequences of societal responses to COVID-19 in different ADRD care settings; the effect of COVID-19 on caregivers and physicians of individuals with ADRD; mental hygiene, trauma, and stigma in the time of COVID-19; and the potential impact of COVID-19 on ADRD research. Thus, in the context of a rapidly evolving situation, this Special Article discusses and proposes mitigation strategies for six major issues: (1) why individuals with ADRD are at high risk for COVID-19 and its associated morbidity and mortality; (2) how COVID-19 will impact the diagnosis and clinical abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is causing global morbidity and mortality, straining health systems, and disrupting society, putting individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) at risk of significant harm. In this Special Article, we examine the current and expected impact of the pandemic on individuals with ADRD. We discuss and propose mitigation strategies for: the risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated morbidity and mortality for individuals with ADRD; the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and clinical management of ADRD; consequences of societal responses to COVID-19 in different ADRD care settings; the effect of COVID-19 on caregivers and physicians of individuals with ADRD; mental hygiene, trauma, and stigma in the time of COVID-19; and the potential impact of COVID-19 on ADRD research. Amid considerable uncertainty, we may be able to prevent or reduce the harm of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for individuals with ADRD and their caregivers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064748120302943?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.010 id: cord-340538-vjw7d5ju author: Brown, Joshua D. title: Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-11-12 words: 2091.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340538-vjw7d5ju.txt summary: title: Survey reported medication changes among older adults during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic This community-based survey assessed self-reported changes in medications including those stopped, started, or if access had been impacted. Questions related to medication changes included: "Have you started any medication due to COVID-19", "Have you stopped any medication due to COVID-19" and "Have you had issues getting your prescription medications." Respondents aged 50 years or older were included. Conclusions: In this community-based survey sample of over one thousand older adults, only a 24 small percentage (2.7%; n=31) reported any changes to medications during the pandemic. Conclusions: In this community-based survey sample of over one thousand older adults, only a 24 small percentage (2.7%; n=31) reported any changes to medications during the pandemic. There has been growing concern among the medical community 46 related to changes in patient medication taking behaviors including inherent risks of stopping or 47 starting medications. abstract: BACKGROUND: Speculation on benefits and harms of prescription, over-the-counter and complementary medications has been widespread during the SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) pandemic. This community-based survey assessed self-reported changes in medications including those stopped, started, or if access had been impacted. METHODS: A survey was collected via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). The survey was advertised in the community through social media, email lists, websites, and post-cards. Survey responses were collected between 5/21/2020 and 6/24/2020. Included variables were those related to demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, marital status, education, employment, income, and community type. Questions related to medication changes included: “Have you started any medication due to COVID-19”, “Have you stopped any medication due to COVID-19” and “Have you had issues getting your prescription medications.” Respondents aged 50 years or older were included. RESULTS: There were N=1,397 responses of which 1,169 were older adults ≥50 years-old. Of these, 1,141 responded to the medication changes survey questions and 28 had missing responses and were excluded from the survey sample for this analysis. Among these, 31 (2.7%) reported a medication change included 5 (0.4%) reported stopping a medication, 18 (1.6%) reported starting a medication, and 8 (0.7%) reported trouble obtaining medications. Medications started included mostly vitamins or other supplements including zinc (n=9), vitamin C (6), and other supplements (3). Among prescription medications, antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications (4) were reported as well as aspirin (1), losartan (1), and low dose naltrexone (1). One respondent reported unidentified homeopathy. There were no significant differences between those with medication changes and those with none. CONCLUSIONS: In this community-based survey sample of over one thousand older adults, only a small percentage (2.7%; n=31) reported any changes to medications during the pandemic. As essential workers during this crisis, pharmacists have played a critical role in providing medication information and continued access. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1551741120311906 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.005 id: cord-267907-zbsbqj9o author: Brown, Samantha M. title: Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-20 words: 7981.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267907-zbsbqj9o.txt summary: METHOD: Tests of group differences and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships among demographic characteristics, COVID-19 related stressors, mental health risk, protective factors, parental perceived stress, and child abuse potential. Results also indicate racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 related stressors, but not in mental health risk, protective factors, perceived stress, or child abuse potential. That is, child maltreatment may occur from stressors that result from economic hardship, low education, single parenthood, or a large number of dependent children (Centers for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Running head: STRESS, PARENTING, AND COVID-19 3 Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.; Sedlak et al., 2010) , among others, but that might not otherwise impact persons outside of the family. In conclusion, this study examined the risk and protective impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to parental perceived stress and child abuse potential among families in the western United States. abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress and compromised parenting often place children at risk of abuse and neglect. Child maltreatment has generally been viewed as a highly individualistic problem by focusing on stressors and parenting behaviors that impact individual families. However, because of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), families across the world are experiencing a new range of stressors that threaten their health, safety, and economic well-being. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to parental perceived stress and child abuse potential. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Participants included parents (N = 183) with a child under the age of 18 years in the western United States. METHOD: Tests of group differences and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationships among demographic characteristics, COVID-19 related stressors, mental health risk, protective factors, parental perceived stress, and child abuse potential. RESULTS: Greater COVID-19 related stressors and high anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with higher parental perceived stress and child abuse potential. Conversely, greater parental support and perceived control during the pandemic may have a protective effect against perceived stress and child abuse potential. Results also indicate racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 related stressors, but not in mental health risk, protective factors, perceived stress, or child abuse potential. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that although families experience elevated stressors from COVID-19, providing parental support and increasing perceived control may be promising intervention targets. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213420303549?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699 id: cord-319823-sp5wibeh author: Brown, Sherry-Ann title: Innovation in Precision Cardio-Oncology During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Into a Post-pandemic World date: 2020-08-14 words: 5151.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319823-sp5wibeh.txt summary: Digital health technologies include mobile health (mHealth), wearable devices, health information technologies, wireless technologies, virtual platforms and applications, telehealth, telemedicine, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and personalized medicine, with a common goal of improving health care outcomes and efficiency (18) . With more and more personalized health and lifestyle information available through digital technologies, care providers are better able to monitor patients'' conditions in real time or by retrieving remote data recently stored by patients'' local devices, identify treatment side effects, and personalize prevention and intervention strategies. Virtual rehab programs enable remote collection and evaluation of health data such as activity levels, blood pressures, heart rate/rhythms, and weight, which can be reviewed and acted upon when necessary by health care providers, allowing cancer patients and survivors to safely and efficiently recover from their cardiac complications. However, new trials and paradigms have emerged during the pandemic particularly in cancer patients, to facilitate digital clinical trials and cohort studies based on remote monitoring and virtual care (97, 98) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923460/ doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00145 id: cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author: Brown, Teneille R title: When The Wrong People Are Immune date: 2020-05-08 words: 4509.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt summary: Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. 50 Even when they work for a state hospital, nurses and physicians are typically not protected under the state''s governmental immunity, as they -exercised medical judgment, regardless of whether it related to policy decision.‖ 51 As parties will be looking for someone to hold accountable for the terrible outcomes 58 Other protocols prioritize short-term clinical factors, but then suggest using life-cycle considerations as a tiebreaker, with priority going to younger patients. This article advocates for removing the possibility of a medical malpractice claim for individual physicians and independent health care providers, when they are complying with published state, professional, or institutional COVID-19 policies in good faith. abstract: After a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be an irresistible desire to blame others. Despite documented failures in the federal government’s response to the pandemic, injured individuals will not be able to hold it accountable due to the broad application of governmental immunity. Congress and state governments have provided targeted immunity to various device manufacturers and emergency volunteers. However, the one group with huge targets on their backs are individual physicians, who are often making impossible choices that are reasonable at the time, but might not appear reasonable to a jury after the fact, and with the bias of hindsight. Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa018 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa018 id: cord-302413-7a80jff2 author: Brown, Timothy S. title: The Effect of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Electively Scheduled HIP and KNEE Arthroplasty Patients in THE United States date: 2020-04-22 words: 1851.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302413-7a80jff2.txt summary: Although 85% of patients understood and agreed with the cancellation of elective surgeries as part of public health measures to curb the spread of pandemic, almost 90% of patients plan to reschedule as soon as possible. Patients suffering from pain of hip and knee arthritis continue to struggle with their end-stage disease and despite anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic, plan to undergo arthroplasty as soon as possible. The aim of the current study was to 43 identify hip and knee arthroplasty patients across many different institutions in the United States 44 that had their scheduled primary joint replacement postponed or canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic guidelines for elective surgery, and assess their pain, anxiety, physical function, and 46 economic ability to undergo a delayed operation once the threat of COVID-19 has subsided. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients scheduled for primary elective hip or knee 57 arthroplasty in the Spring of 2020 who had their surgery postponed or canceled due to the 58 COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, US hospitals stopped performing elective procedures. This led to cancellation of a large number of hip and knee arthroplasty cases. We aimed to assess the effect this had on our elective primary arthroplasty patients by distributing a specifically designed survey to patients across six institutions identified through the AAHKS Research Committee. Surveys were completed by 360 patients over the course of one week. Patients were most anxious about the uncertainty of when their operation could be rescheduled. Although 85% of patients understood and agreed with the cancellation of elective surgeries as part of public health measures to curb the spread of pandemic, almost 90% of patients plan to reschedule as soon as possible. Financial concerns were minimal in this cohort. Patients suffering from pain of hip and knee arthritis continue to struggle with their end-stage disease and despite anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic, plan to undergo arthroplasty as soon as possible. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883540320304393 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.052 id: cord-276391-g43ktrj9 author: Browne, Rodrigo A.V. title: Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis date: 2020-10-22 words: 2903.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276391-g43ktrj9.txt summary: title: Initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in hypertensive older adults: An accelerometer-based analysis Background This study reports the accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in hypertensive older adults. For older adults with hypertension who represent a high-risk group (Espinosa et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020) , the description of movement behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic may play accelerometer wear time. We highlight that the decreases in PA and the increases in SB levels occurred in a sample of hypertensive older adults who already had low PA (~5,800 steps/day, ~5 hour/day of light PA, and ~15 min/day of moderate-vigorous PA) and high SB (~11 hour/day) levels before the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may elicit unhealthy changes in movement behavior in hypertensive older adults, characterized by an increase in time spent in SB and a decrease in time spent in PA, especially on weekend. abstract: Background This study reports the accelerometer-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in hypertensive older adults. Methods Thirty-five hypertensive older adults were included in this observational study. Accelerometer-based PA and SB measures were assessed before (January to March 2020) and during (June 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic. Linear mixed models were used to assess within-group changes in PA and SB measures, adjusted by accelerometer wear time. Results Before COVID-19 pandemic participants presented: 5809 steps/day (SE = 366), 303.1 min/day (SE = 11.9) of light PA, 15.5 min/day (SE = 2.2) of moderate-vigorous PA, and 653.0 min/day (SE = 12.6) of SB. During COVID-19 pandemic there was a decrease in steps/day (β = −886 steps/day, SE = 361, p = 0.018), in moderate-vigorous PA (β = −2.8 min/day, SE = 2.4, p = 0.018), and a trend in light PA (β = −26.6 min/day, SE = 13.4, p = 0.053). In addition, SB increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 29.6 min/day, SE = 13.4, p = 0.032). The magnitude of changes was greater on the weekend, mainly for steps/day (β = −1739 steps/day, SE = 424, p < 0.001) and the SB pattern (more time spent in bouts of ≥10 and 30 min, less breaks/day and breaks/h). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic may elicit unhealthy changes in movement behavior in hypertensive older adults. Lower PA, higher and more prolonged SB on the weekend are the main features of the behavioral changes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132145/ doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111121 id: cord-318916-5lzun9bv author: Bruining, Hilgo title: COVID-19 and child and adolescent psychiatry: an unexpected blessing for part of our population? date: 2020-07-04 words: 1128.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318916-5lzun9bv.txt summary: The COVID-19 outbreak has brought new challenges for child psychiatry and mental health services that must be addressed, including national guidelines covering interventions for major public health crises affecting children [8] . In this context, the crisis may provide a unique window of opportunity to test long-standing hypotheses on modern life stressors and mental health problems or psychiatric pathogenesis and well-being in developing children and adolescents [9, 10] . Therefore, we argue that the research agendas currently laid out to register and understand the negative effects of COVID-19 on child and adolescent (mental) health should also include the perspective of children and families who are benefitting from the societal changes. Hypotheses on both positive and negative responses of children and families to this crisis should be developed to understand the full breadth of impact on modern daily life routines and environments in future post COVID-19 times. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01578-5 doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01578-5 id: cord-326568-twv2i3fb author: Bruminhent, Jackrapong title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients under investigation in Thailand date: 2020-09-15 words: 4402.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326568-twv2i3fb.txt summary: To manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a national health authority has implemented a case definition of patients under investigation (PUIs) to guide clinicians'' diagnoses. Multivariate analysis identified close contact with an index case (OR, 3.49; 95%CI, 1.49–8.15; P = 0.004), visiting high-risk places (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.03–3.56; P = 0.039), productive cough (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.05–3.92; P = 0.034), and no medical coverage (OR, 3.91; 95%CI, 1.35–11.32; P = 0.012) as independent risk factors for COVID-19 among the PUIs. The majority had favorable outcomes, though one (1.9%) died from severe pneumonia. Apart from close contact with an infected case and visiting high-risk places, we found that having no medical coverage and presenting with productive cough were predictors of being diagnosed with COVID-19 among PUIs. SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging respiratory virus that commonly causes no or mild respiratory tract infection and is occasionally complicated by severe pneumonia [1] . abstract: To manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a national health authority has implemented a case definition of patients under investigation (PUIs) to guide clinicians’ diagnoses. We aimed to determine characteristics among all PUIs and those with and without COVID-19. We retrospectively reviewed clinical characteristics and risk factors for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases among PUIs at a tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand, between March 23 and April 7, 2020. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 RNA was performed. There were 405 evaluable PUIs; 157 (38.8%) were men, with a mean age ± SD of 36.2 ± 12.6 years. The majority (68.9%) reported no comorbidities. There were 53 (13.1%) confirmed COVID-19 cases. The most common symptoms among those were cough (73.6%), fever (58.5%), sore throat (39.6%), and muscle pain (37.4%). Among these patients, diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (69.8%), viral syndrome (15.1%), pneumonia (11.3%), and asymptomatic infection (3.8%). Multivariate analysis identified close contact with an index case (OR, 3.49; 95%CI, 1.49–8.15; P = 0.004), visiting high-risk places (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.03–3.56; P = 0.039), productive cough (OR, 2.03; 95%CI, 1.05–3.92; P = 0.034), and no medical coverage (OR, 3.91; 95%CI, 1.35–11.32; P = 0.012) as independent risk factors for COVID-19 among the PUIs. The majority had favorable outcomes, though one (1.9%) died from severe pneumonia. COVID-19 was identified in 13% of PUIs defined per a national health authority’s case definition. History of contact with a COVID-19 patient, visiting a high-risk place, having no medical coverage, and productive cough may identify individuals at risk of COVID-19 in Thailand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32931517/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239250 id: cord-350134-gl3qtoug author: Brun, Gilles title: COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? date: 2020-05-22 words: 1006.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350134-gl3qtoug.txt summary: title: COVID-19—White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus, also called severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, and caused a pandemic disease . Herein, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 brain lesions suggesting an acute demyelination. At day 7, a brain MRI revealed lesions with restricted diffusion without any hemorrhage or enhancement after gadolinium injection (figure). 4 In our case, the distribution of bilateral but asymmetrical lesions with periventricular and deep white matter involvement is rather suggestive of an acute demyelination. Although mechanisms remain obscure, our case shows the importance of the MRI in the exploration of neurologic symptoms in COVID-19. Demyelination or small-vessel CNS vasculitis might be a rare but silent complication of sedated patients with COVID-19. COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32444427/ doi: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000777 id: cord-312038-g76cpjp7 author: Brunaugh, Ashlee D. title: Broad-Spectrum, Patient-Adaptable Inhaled Niclosamide-Lysozyme Particles are Efficacious Against Coronaviruses in Lethal Murine Infection Models date: 2020-10-07 words: 11043.0 sentences: 517.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312038-g76cpjp7.txt summary: Utilizing repurposed NIC, and with the goal of developing a therapeutically effective, rapidly scalable and globally distributable antiviral therapy to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, we describe an inhalable NIC formulation that can be administered using three major models or respiratory tract delivery systems: DPI, nasal spray and nebulizer. At the highest dose tested (0.125 µg/mL NIC), Vero cells with an established MERS-CoV infection exhibited an 82.2% ± 0.8% decrease in viral load compared to untreated controls after 24-hours of exposure to NIC-hLYS particles ( Fig 1D) . While brain viral titres did not exhibit further reduction from levels noted in the preliminary efficacy study, the inoculation of Vero E6 cells with viral particles obtained from lung and brain homogenates of surviving animals resulted in no observation of CPE at any of the inoculum concentrations tested, which indicates that remaining viral particles were not active. abstract: Niclosamide (NIC) has demonstrated promising in vitro antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though NIC is already FDA-approved, the oral formulation produces systemic drug levels that are too low to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. As an alternative, direct delivery of NIC to the respiratory tract as an aerosol could target the primary site of for SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and spread. We have developed a niclosamide powder suitable for delivery via dry powder inhaler, nebulizer, and nasal spray through the incorporation of human lysozyme (hLYS) as a carrier molecule. This novel formulation exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activity against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and may protect against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and inflammatory lung damage occurring secondary to CoV infections. The suitability of the formulation for all stages of the disease and low-cost development approach will ensure wide-spread utilization url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.24.310490 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.24.310490 id: cord-299099-e1ajjte6 author: Brunese, Luca title: Machine learning for coronavirus covid-19 detection from chest x-rays date: 2020-12-31 words: 3100.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299099-e1ajjte6.txt summary: The remaining of the paper proceeds as follow: Section 2 presents the proposed method from COVID-19 detection from x-rays, Section 3 describes the performance results in the evaluation of real-world chest X-rays and, in the last section, conclusion and future works are drawn. The feature set is obtained from each chest X-ray and, with the associated label, it represents the input for the supervised machine learning algorithm, that will output the model. As shows from Figure 2 , in this phase we obtain the numerical features from a set of chest X-ray not considered in the previous phase: this represents the input for the model that will generate the prediction i.e., whether the input chest X-ray is related to the COVID-19 or to the other category. The effectiveness of the proposed feature set in discriminating between COVID-19 and other disease is organised in descriptive statistics i.e., boxplot analysis and the evaluation of the model obtained as output from the machine learning classifier. abstract: At the end of 2019, a new form of Coronavirus, called COVID-19, has widely spread in the world. To quickly screen patients with the aim to detect this new form of pulmonary disease, in this paper we propose a method aimed to automatically detect the COVID-19 disease by analysing medical images. We exploit supervised machine learning techniques building a model considering a data-set freely available for research purposes of 85 chest X-rays. The experiment shows the effectiveness of the proposed method in the discrimination between the COVID-19 disease and other pulmonary diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.258 doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.258 id: cord-318018-ybdkp398 author: Bruni, Margherita title: Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-01 words: 5481.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318018-ybdkp398.txt summary: Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Our data show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we show that humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 correlated with disease severity in terms of both antibody titers, persistence over time and serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we showed that the vast majority of COVID-19 mildly symptomatic patients analyzed in the study halved their anti-RBD antibody titers after 4 weeks from viral negativization, thus confirming the short lifespan of humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. abstract: Although antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected early during the infection, several outstanding questions remain to be addressed regarding the magnitude and persistence of antibody titer against different viral proteins and their correlation with the strength of the immune response. An ELISA assay has been developed by expressing and purifying the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), Soluble Ectodomain (Spike), and full length Nucleocapsid protein (N). Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Non-hospitalized subjects showed lower antibody titers and blood pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles as compared to patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU), irrespective of the antibodies tested. Noteworthy, in non-severe COVID-19 infections, antibody titers against RBD and Spike, but not against the N protein, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased within a month after viral clearance. Thus, rapid decline in antibody titers and in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a common feature of non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that antibody-mediated protection against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is of short duration. These results suggest caution in using serological testing to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103188 doi: 10.3390/jcm9103188 id: cord-336865-ss4a6coi author: Brunner, Maximilian title: Oncological colorectal surgery during the COVID-19pandemic—a national survey date: 2020-07-29 words: 2167.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336865-ss4a6coi.txt summary: METHODS: Between 11th and 19th April 2020, all members of a consortium of German colorectal cancer centers were invited to participate in a web-based survey on the current status of surgical care situation of colorectal cancer patients in Germany. Eighty-seven percent of the participating hospitals had to reduce their total surgical caseload and 34% their surgical volume for oncological colorectal patients during COVID-19 pandemic. There was no difference between tertiary referral and other hospitals and hospitals in federal states with high and low numbers of COVID-19 patients, both for the total surgical caseload limitations and for the surgical volume restrictions for oncological colorectal surgery ( Table 2 ). The majority (78%) of the participating colorectal surgeons stated that the limitations in surgical capacities are only justified as long as the care of oncological patients is ensured. abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to clarify the surgical supply situation of oncological colorectal patients in Germany during limitations of the OR caseload due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Between 11th and 19th April 2020, all members of a consortium of German colorectal cancer centers were invited to participate in a web-based survey on the current status of surgical care situation of colorectal cancer patients in Germany. RESULTS: A total of 112 colorectal surgeons of 101 German hospitals participated in the survey. Eighty-seven percent of the participating hospitals had to reduce their total surgical caseload and 34% their surgical volume for oncological colorectal patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions of the surgical caseload were independent of the size of the hospital and the number of cases of COVID-19 in the federal state of the hospital. Sixteen percent of colorectal surgeons consider surgical limitations to be not justified and 78% to be justified only if the care of oncological patients is ensured. Ninety-five percent of the colorectal surgeons interviewed stated that all oncological colorectal patients with an indication for surgery should be operated in time, despite the current reservations for COVID-19 patients. For the majority of the respondents (63% and 51%, respectively), an extended waiting time for surgery of up to 2 weeks was acceptable for non-metastatic and metastatic patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: In Germany, there is a temporarily relevant reduction of surgical volume in oncological colorectal patients. Most colorectal surgeons stated that oncological colorectal surgery should not be compromised despite the measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-020-03697-6 doi: 10.1007/s00384-020-03697-6 id: cord-316029-z708c3ex author: Brunsdon, Priya title: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 4964.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt summary: This review will offer key clinical pharmacology considerations for developing small molecules for the treatment of COVID-19 based on the major disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME). Of major concern is sepsis, defined as "life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection." 12 In 1 study, septic shock, which is distinguished by persistent hypotension, elevated serum lactate levels, and increased mortality, was a complication in about 6% of severely ill COVID-19 patients. For water-soluble investigational therapies that are intended for administration in the severely ill COVID-19 population, thought should be given to targeting serum drug concentrations and the drug''s exposure-response profile when determining if increased doses would be beneficial for patients receiving intravenous fluids. 21 The clinical impact of these potential changes in free drug fractions on investigational therapies that are highly proteinbound is an important consideration when empirically selecting doses for critically ill COVID-19 patients. abstract: Numerous drugs are being investigated for the treatment of COVID‐19, including antivirals and therapies targeting complications related to COVID‐19. The clinical presentation of COVID‐19 varies from mild fever, cough, and dyspnea in the early stages of disease to severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hyperinflammation, and sepsis. A thorough understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the disease complications is essential to developing effective therapies to treat this potentially life‐threatening disease. This review offers key clinical pharmacology considerations involved in the development of small molecules for the treatment of COVID‐19. They are based on the major observed disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. We also address considerations regarding potential drug interactions, alternative routes and methods of administration, and dosing in patients on hemodialysis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579707/ doi: 10.1002/jcph.1697 id: cord-262104-oig3qrr7 author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: Test, Trace and Isolate‐New Epidemiological Data date: 2020-06-08 words: 7118.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262104-oig3qrr7.txt summary: Very similar information was reported in data describing household transmission in Wuhan, where children showed a 4% infection rate compared with 17% in adults. 1.6 million tests were used to identify 1''400 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases; 1000 patients had had exposure to infected people from Hubei. In Wuhan, 105 index cases of patients suffering from moderate COVID-19 symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue) were investigated for secondary transmission to 392 household contacts. The control measures that stopped the epidemic locally have included: intense infection surveillance of incoming travelers; isolation of COVID-19 cases in hospitals; contact tracing and quarantine in holiday camps; and school closure but no lock-down, thus preventing the crisis from having a negative economic impact. Model calculations showed that the containment measures (the quarantine of exposed, and the isolation of infected persons) which depleted the number of susceptible individuals for the virus, reproduced the actually observed case development. abstract: In the absence of an efficient drug treatment or a vaccine, the control of the COVID‐19 pandemic relies on classic infection control measures. Since these means are socially disruptive and come with substantial economic loss for societies, a better knowledge of the epidemiology of the new coronavirus epidemic is crucial to achieve control at a sustainable cost, and within tolerable restrictions of civil rights. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15118 doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15118 id: cord-302316-raf5rlkq author: Brüssow, Harald title: COVID‐19: From pathogenesis models to the first drug trials date: 2020-06-23 words: 6944.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302316-raf5rlkq.txt summary: US researchers studied the viral and cellular transcriptional response upon infection of cell cultures and in animal models with different respiratory viruses including influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. A French study randomizing 181 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia on hydroxychloroquine or placebo, observed, however, no significant effect of treatment on transfer to ICU, mortality, or in the prevention of development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (Mah evas et al., 2020). A total of 86 COVID-19 cases of patients from China with mild/moderate disease were randomized on the antiviral lopinavir (an inhibitor of HIV protease combined with ritonavir, which prolongs the presence of drugs in the body) or the antiviral arbidol (an influenza virus fusion inhibitor only registered in Russia) or in a control group in a 2:2:1 ratio. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: The number of people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, and sadly dying from COVID‐19, has exploded, and so the amount of literature on the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes has increased proportionately. The case numbers in some countries are beyond the epidemic peak, but the uncertainty about a second wave keeps politicians and societies under pressure. Appropriate decision‐making and winning support from the population depends on precise scientific information rather than leaving the field to scaremongers of all proveniences. This mini‐review is an update of earlier reports (Brüssow, Microb Biotechnol 2020a;13:607; Brüssow, Microb Biotechnol 2020b; https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13592). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13611 doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13611 id: cord-334830-fh8eitnh author: Bsteh, Gabriel title: Multiple sclerosis and COVID‐19: how many are at risk? date: 2020-09-25 words: 2466.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334830-fh8eitnh.txt summary: We extracted reported demographic and clinical factors, which are currently estimated as (potential) risk factors for COVID-19 mortality: age, physical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score), smoking status, obesity (body-mass-index ≥30), DMT status, and presence of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and/or ischemic heart failure and/or cardiac valve disease), chronic pulmonary disease (asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]), diabetes, chronic kidney disease and current malignancy. We analyzed the frequency of risk factors in the whole cohort and in three age subgroups (<40 years, 40-65 years, >65 years), and, we calculated the proportion of the cohort in each COVID-19 mortality risk group and contrasted that to the proportion of patients with DMT and, specifically, immunosuppressive treatment (alemtuzumab, cladribine, mitoxantrone, ocrelizumab or rituximab). In conclusion, we showed in a population-based MS cohort that the proportion of patients at high risk of COVID-19 mortality is below 1% with the vast majority of the high-risk group not receiving disease-modifying treatment, let alone immunosuppressive treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic challenges neurologists in counselling multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with respect to their risk for and by SARS‐CoV‐2 and in guiding disease‐modifying treatment (DMT). The objective was to determine the frequency and distribution of currently known risk factors for COVID‐19 mortality in a MS population. METHODS: MS patients with at least one complete case report between January 1(st), 2015 and December 31(st), 2019 from the Innsbruck MS database (IMSD) were cross‐sectionally included. Frequencies of currently estimated COVID‐19 mortality risk factors were analyzed and the cumulative risk was calculated by a recently developed score. For every risk group, the proportions of patients under DMT and immunosuppressive treatment were determined. RESULTS: Of 1931 MS patients, 63.4% had low risk of COVID‐19 mortality, 26% had mild risk, 8.8% had a moderate risk, while a combined 0.9% had high or very high risk of COVID‐19 mortality. Of the patients at high or very high risk, only one patient received DMT and none had an immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In a population‐based MS cohort, the proportion of patients at high risk of COVID‐19 mortality is below 1%. Importantly, the vast majority of these MS patients did not receive any DMT. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14555 doi: 10.1111/ene.14555 id: cord-348436-mwitcseq author: Bu, F. title: Time-use and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel analysis of 55,204 adults followed across 11 weeks of lockdown in the UK date: 2020-08-21 words: 4855.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348436-mwitcseq.txt summary: After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. For instance, studies on leisure-time use show that taking up a hobby can have beneficial effects on alleviating depressive symptoms 10 , engaging in physical activity can reduce levels of depression and anxiety and enhance quality of life [11] [12] [13] [14] , and broader leisure activities such as reading, listening to music, and volunteering can reduce depression and anxiety, increase personal empowerment and optimism, foster social connectedness, and improve life satisfaction [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . Whilst the relationship between time use and behaviors is bidirectional, when exploring the direction of the relationship using lagged models, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while time spent watching the news about COVID-19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. abstract: There is currently major concern about the impact of the global COVID 19 outbreak on mental health. But it remains unclear how individual behaviors could exacerbate or protect against adverse changes in mental health. This study aimed to examine the associations between specific activities (or time use) and mental health and wellbeing amongst people during the COVID 19 pandemic. Data were from the UCL COVID 19 Social Study; a panel study collecting data weekly during the COVID 19 pandemic. The analytical sample consisted of 55,204 adults living in the UK who were followed up for the strict 11 week lockdown period from 21st March to 31st May 2020. Data were analyzed using fixed effects and Arellano Bond models. We found that changes in time spent on a range of activities were associated with changes in mental health and wellbeing. After controlling for bidirectionality, behaviors involving outdoor activities including gardening and exercising predicted subsequent improvements in mental health and wellbeing, while increased time spent on following news about COVID 19 predicted declines in mental health and wellbeing. These results are relevant to the formulation of guidance for people obliged to spend extended periods in isolation during health emergencies, and may help the public to maintain wellbeing during future pandemics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.18.20177345v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.18.20177345 id: cord-341627-21m8rdhy author: Buda, Natalia title: Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection - A case series and review of the literature date: 2020-06-25 words: 2481.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341627-21m8rdhy.txt summary: COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreading worldwide has become a serious challenge for the entire health care system as regards infection prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamically developing diagnostic method used in intensive care, cardiology and nephrology, it can also be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring pneumonia. Approximately 15% of patients have severe symptoms, and 5% require treatment at Intensive Care Units due to pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (2.3%), the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis or multiple organ failure (MOF) [4, 5] . In the course of diagnostics, an ultrasound examination of the lungs was also performed, revealing the following abnormalities: segmentally irregular pleural line and single focally located B-lines ( Fig. 4a and 4 b). Summary of symptoms, laboratory results, chest X-ray and lung ultrasound parameters in the 4 patients with COVID-19. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak abstract: COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreading worldwide has become a serious challenge for the entire health care system as regards infection prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamically developing diagnostic method used in intensive care, cardiology and nephrology, it can also be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring pneumonia. Interstitial pneumonia appears to be the most common clinical manifestation of coronavirus infection. We present 4 case reports of COVID-19 involving the lungs, in which transthoracic lung ultrasound was successfully utilized as a constituent of bedside diagnostics and a review of the literature concerning potential use of LUS in COVID-19 diagnostics. The possibility to perform this examination repeatedly, its non-invasiveness and high sensitivity make it an important element of care provided for patients with viral pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.005 id: cord-340397-b43zgxgv author: Buenaventura, Robert D. title: COVID-19 and mental health of older adults in the Philippines: a perspective from a developing country date: 2020-04-30 words: 3036.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340397-b43zgxgv.txt summary: In this commentary, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of older Filipinos, who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19, and describe ways that healthcare workers can help alleviate the negative impact on their mental health to the extent possible within the limited resources available in the Philippines. Since the spread of COVID-19 is related to population density (Rocklov and Sjodin, 2020) , the high densities in the Philippines where people are in relatively close contact with each other in both personal and public spaces make social distancing difficult, facilitate virus spread more easily, and lead to higher rates of infection and death. Approaches to helping mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older Filipinos involve interventions with emotional, spiritual, social, and physical components to meet their mental and other health needs. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220000757 doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000757 id: cord-336004-oz5feg0r author: Bui, David P. title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among COVID-19 Cases in Workplace Outbreaks by Industry Sector — Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020 date: 2020-08-21 words: 2440.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336004-oz5feg0r.txt summary: Systemic social inequities have resulted in the overrepresentation of Hispanic and nonwhite workers in frontline occupations where exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, might be higher (2); extra vigilance in these sectors is needed to ensure prevention and mitigation strategies are applied equitably and effectively to workers of racial and ethnic groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19. In total, 970 (73%) of persons with workplace outbreak-associated COVID-19 identified as Hispanic or nonwhite, although these ethnic/racial groups represent <24% of Utah''s workforce in the 15 affected industry sectors (1). Persons with workplace outbreak-associated COVID-19 were disproportionately Hispanic or nonwhite compared with overall racial/ethnic distributions in these industry sectors. Health departments and employers need to ensure mitigation strategies are provided using culturally and linguistically responsive materials and messages, which reach workers of racial and ethnic minority groups, especially those disproportionately affected by workplace COVID-19 outbreaks. abstract: Improved understanding of the overall distribution of workplace coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks by industry sector could help direct targeted public health action; however, this has not been described. The Utah Department of Health (UDOH) analyzed COVID-19 surveillance data to describe workplace outbreaks by industry sectors. In this report, workplaces refer to non-health care, noncongregate-living, and noneducational settings. As of June 5, 2020, UDOH reported 277 COVID-19 outbreaks, 210 (76%) of which occurred in workplaces. Approximately 12% (1,389 of 11,448) of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Utah were associated with workplace outbreaks. The 210 workplace outbreaks occurred in 15 of 20 industry sectors;* nearly one half of all workplace outbreaks occurred in three sectors: Manufacturing (43; 20%), Construction (32; 15%) and Wholesale Trade (29; 14%); 58% (806 of 1,389) of workplace outbreak-associated cases occurred in these three sectors. Although 24% of Utah's workforce in all 15 affected sectors identified as Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) or a race other than non-Hispanic white (nonwhite†) (1), 73% (970 of 1,335) of workplace outbreak-associated COVID-19 cases were in persons who identified as Hispanic or nonwhite. Systemic social inequities have resulted in the overrepresentation of Hispanic and nonwhite workers in frontline occupations where exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, might be higher (2); extra vigilance in these sectors is needed to ensure prevention and mitigation strategies are applied equitably and effectively to workers of racial and ethnic groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Health departments can adapt workplace guidance to each industry sector affected by COVID-19 to account for different production processes and working conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e3 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e3 id: cord-279131-1unb0z79 author: Buijsers, Baranca title: Beneficial non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying heparin treatment of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 words: 3989.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279131-1unb0z79.txt summary: Here, we summarise potential beneficial, non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying treatment of COVID-19 patients with heparin/LMWH, which include: (i) Inhibition of heparanase activity, responsible for endothelial leakage; (ii) Neutralisation of chemokines, and cytokines; (iii) Interference with leukocyte trafficking; (iv) Reducing viral cellular entry, and (v) Neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones. In addition to functioning as anticoagulants, heparins have other therapeutic functions that are relevant for the treatment of COVID-19-associated clinical manifestations, i.e. neutralisation of inflammatory chemokines, and cytokines, such as CXCL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 that play a key role in ARDS; neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones and by interfering with leukocyte trafficking [20] . Data for this review were identified by searches of PubMed, and preprint servers, and references from relevant articles using the search terms "COVID-19", "Heparin", "Non-anticoagulant functions of heparin", "Low molecular weight heparin", "ARDS", "Kidney dysfunction", "Endothelial barrier dysfunction", "Heparanase", "Heparan sulphate", "Viral entry", "Heparanase inhibition", "Inflammation", "Complement system", and "Neutrophil extracellular traps". abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe inflammation in mainly the lung, and kidney. Reports suggest a beneficial effect of the use of heparin/low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on mortality in COVID-19. In part, this beneficial effect could be explained by the anticoagulant properties of heparin/LMWH. Here, we summarise potential beneficial, non-anticoagulant mechanisms underlying treatment of COVID-19 patients with heparin/LMWH, which include: (i) Inhibition of heparanase activity, responsible for endothelial leakage; (ii) Neutralisation of chemokines, and cytokines; (iii) Interference with leukocyte trafficking; (iv) Reducing viral cellular entry, and (v) Neutralisation of extracellular cytotoxic histones. Considering the multiple inflammatory and pathogenic mechanisms targeted by heparin/LMWH, it is warranted to conduct clinical studies that evaluate therapeutic doses of heparin/LMWH in COVID-19 patients. In addition, identification of specific heparin-derived sequences that are functional in targeting non-anticoagulant mechanisms may have even higher therapeutic potential for COVID-19 patients, and patients suffering from other inflammatory diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853989/ doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102969 id: cord-308730-mv3ttl1e author: Bujanda, Luis title: Surgery and emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 912.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308730-mv3ttl1e.txt summary: Urgent gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is a worldwide extended medical procedure, being the most frequent the upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding and impaction of a foreign body the most common emergencies that require this technique 1, 2 . Regarding to our protocol, we perform UGE within 12 hours since admission to patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and within 6 hours to those with impaction of foreign bodies. By the other hand, lower gastrointestinal bleeding was the main indication for urgent colonoscopy, performed in 11 (9%) cases, followed by 6 patients (5%) who needed stenting due to colonic obstruction in relation to colorectal cancer. The number of colonoscopies needed for colonic stents in obstructive colorectal cancer decreased by half in Covid period. Probably related to the former reasons the percentage decrease of UGE due to impaction of foreign bodies was higher than the observed for GI bleeding. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0210570520303137 doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.07.002 id: cord-302497-5tydrrz1 author: Bukhari, Nadia title: Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 1988.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302497-5tydrrz1.txt summary: Community pharmacists and their teams are a vital healthcare provider during the outbreak; they remain on the frontline of public health by serving as direct points of access for their patients. Community pharmacists also continue to play their role towards public uninterrupted for regular supplies of medicines, as well as supporting governments [6] for disseminating information on precautions related to COVID-19 spread including hand washing technique to availability of face masks and instructions for their proper use and disposal. Likewise, by contributing in the prevention, preparedness and response to COVID-19 pandemic community pharmacists are delivering their role towards public health in dealing with this crisis [9] . Similarly a different set of attributes then the routine conditions were observed in the pharmaceutical care provided by the Chinese Community pharmacists in dealing with the pandemic situation including maintaining controlled work environment, provision of information and necessary medical supplies as well as ensuring the regular medication and counselling are managed at best to avoid undue patient visits to healthcare facilities. abstract: As the lockdowns are being observed all over the globe and the national level pharmacy professionals are performing frontline roles, this editorial highlights the role of pharmacists in the COVID − 19 pandemic. Pharmacists globally are providing services amidst pandemic, including TRIAGE services, seeing patients and reducing the patients’ burden on health care facilities such as hospitals and GP practices. Pharmacists are also working to providing home deliveries, as well as dealing with the increasing number of patients coming through to pharmacies with the other ailments. Pharmacy associations have issued their guidelines and in this editorial, several global examples of pharmacists’ role in the COVID 19 are being discussed. Pakistan is used as a country case study in this editorial. The editorial also elaborates how pharmacists in the UK and Pakistan have teamed up together to compile 10-steps protection guidelines for the pharmacy teams in Pakistan in English and Urdu language. This 10-point guidance educates community pharmacies for safety and standard operation as the number of patients in the country continues to rise. These guidelines are endorsed by the government and private bodies. These can be adopted and adapted by any country; keeping in view their laws and regulations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w id: cord-253714-v02fs28k author: Bukhari, Syed Usama Khalid title: The diagnostic evaluation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the assessment of chest X-ray of patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 words: 2405.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253714-v02fs28k.txt summary: Materials & Methods : A total of two hundred and seventy eight (278) images of chest X-rays have been assessed by applying ResNet-50 convolutional neural network architectures in the present study. The third group contains digital images of chest X-rays of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection while the second group contains images of lung with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Conclusion : The performance of convolutional neural network regarding the differentiation of pulmonary changes caused by COVID-19 from the other type of pneumonias on digital images of the chest Xrays is excellent and it may be an extremely useful adjunct tool for the health professionals. The performance of convolutional neural network regarding the differentiation of pulmonary changes caused by COVID-19 from the other type of pneumonias on digital images of the chest X-rays is extremely good. abstract: Abstract Introduction : The main target of COVID-19 is the lungs where it may cause pneumonia in severely ill patients. Chest X- ray is an important diagnostic test to assess the lung for the damaging effects of COVID-19. Many other microbial pathogens can also cause damage to lungs leading to pneumonia but there are certain radiological features which can favor the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. With the rising number of cases of COVID-19, it would be imperative to develop computer programs which may assist the health professionals in the prevailing scenario. Materials & Methods : A total of two hundred and seventy eight (278) images of chest X-rays have been assessed by applying ResNet-50 convolutional neural network architectures in the present study. The digital images were acquired from the public repositories provided by University of Montreal and National Institutes of Health. These digital images of Chest X-rays were divided into three groups labeled as normal, pneumonia and COVID- 19. The third group contains digital images of chest X-rays of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection while the second group contains images of lung with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Results : The radiological images included in the data set are 89 images of lungs with COVID-19 infection, 93 images of lungs without any radiological abnormality and 96 images of patient with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. In this data set, 80% of the images were employed for training, and 20% for testing. A pre-trained (on ImageNet data set) ResNet-50 architecture was used to diagnose the cases of COVID-19 infections on lung Xray images. The analysis of the data revealed that computer vision based program achieved diagnostic accuracy of 98.18 %, and F1-score of 98.19. Conclusion : The performance of convolutional neural network regarding the differentiation of pulmonary changes caused by COVID-19 from the other type of pneumonias on digital images of the chest X- rays is excellent and it may be an extremely useful adjunct tool for the health professionals. Keywords: COVID-19, Convolutional Neural Network, ResNet-50 url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044610 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044610 id: cord-337760-joti9nwg author: Buldú, Javier M. title: The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league date: 2020-06-04 words: 5276.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337760-joti9nwg.txt summary: Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. The model, whose main parameters were based on the scientific literature concerning the infection and recovery periods of COVID-19, could be easily adapted to describe other kinds of sports competitions just by modifying the number of players and teams participating in the tournament. Table 1: Summary of the main parameters used in the model: Probability of being infected during the training period β train , during a match β match and from the player''s social circle β ext ; latent period σ −1 , infectious period γ −1 and quarantine period γ −1 Q ; probability of being detected as exposed (by virus test) µ E and as infectious (by virus test or by symptoms) µ I ; number of days between virus tests N test and matches N match . abstract: In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recoveredmodel adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the Spanish national football league, La Liga, which is currently –May 2020– stopped with 11 fixtures remaining. Our model includes two additional states of an individual, confined and quarantined, which are reached when an individual presents COVID-19 symptoms or has undergone a virus test with a positive result. The model also accounts for the interaction dynamics of players, considering three different sources of infection: the player social circle, the contact with his/her team colleagues during training sessions, and the interaction with rivals during a match. Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. Following our findings, we finally propose a variety of strategies to minimize the probability that COVID-19 propagates in case the season of La Liga was re-started after the current lockdown. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920303635?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109964 id: cord-295593-e4akxqv5 author: Bull-Otterson, Lara title: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment — United States, January–June 2020 date: 2020-09-04 words: 2856.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295593-e4akxqv5.txt summary: On March 20, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate in the Strategic National Stockpile to be used by licensed health care providers to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19 when the providers determine the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the patient.* Following reports of cardiac and other adverse events in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 (2), on April 24, 2020, FDA issued a caution against its use† and on June 15, rescinded its EUA for hydroxychloroquine from the Strategic National Stockpile.§ Following the FDA''s issuance of caution and EUA rescindment, on May 12 and June 16, the federal COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel issued recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19; the panel also noted that at that time no medication could be recommended for COVID-19 preor postexposure prophylaxis outside the setting of a clinical trial (3). abstract: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, primarily used to treat autoimmune diseases and to prevent and treat malaria, received national attention in early March 2020, as potential treatment and prophylaxis for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). On March 20, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate in the Strategic National Stockpile to be used by licensed health care providers to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19 when the providers determine the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the patient.* Following reports of cardiac and other adverse events in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 (2), on April 24, 2020, FDA issued a caution against its use† and on June 15, rescinded its EUA for hydroxychloroquine from the Strategic National Stockpile.§ Following the FDA's issuance of caution and EUA rescindment, on May 12 and June 16, the federal COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel issued recommendations against the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19; the panel also noted that at that time no medication could be recommended for COVID-19 pre- or postexposure prophylaxis outside the setting of a clinical trial (3). However, public discussion concerning the effectiveness of these drugs on outcomes of COVID-19 (4,5), and clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 continue.¶ In response to recent reports of notable increases in prescriptions for hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine (6), CDC analyzed outpatient retail pharmacy transaction data to identify potential differences in prescriptions dispensed by provider type during January-June 2020 compared with the same period in 2019. Before 2020, primary care providers and specialists who routinely prescribed hydroxychloroquine, such as rheumatologists and dermatologists, accounted for approximately 97% of new prescriptions. New prescriptions by specialists who did not typically prescribe these medications (defined as specialties accounting for ≤2% of new prescriptions before 2020) increased from 1,143 prescriptions in February 2020 to 75,569 in March 2020, an 80-fold increase from March 2019. Although dispensing trends are returning to prepandemic levels, continued adherence to current clinical guidelines for the indicated use of these medications will ensure their availability and benefit to patients for whom their use is indicated (3,4), because current data on treatment and pre- or postexposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 indicate that the potential benefits of these drugs do not appear to outweigh their risks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32881845/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6935a4 id: cord-258832-0kyf7ikr author: Bullis, Sean S.M. title: A Cautionary Tale of False-Negative Nasopharyngeal COVID-19 Testing date: 2020-05-05 words: 944.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258832-0kyf7ikr.txt summary: We present the case of a patient that, based on known exposure to a COVID-19 positive family member, typical symptoms, suggestive labs, and consistent imaging, had a high pre-test probability of having COVID-19, yet tested negative on two successive NP RT-PCRs. Only on the third COVID-19 sample, taken from sputum, was the patient ultimately correctly diagnosed. Based on these observations, the authors theorized a de-isolation protocol that not only considers date from symptom onset as is suggested by CDC (7), but also viral load. In patients with a high pre-test probability of COVID-19, a single negative NP RT-PCR may be insufficient to rule-out disease. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19. abstract: There remains diagnostic uncertainty regarding the sensitivity of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal specimens. We present a case where two nasopharyngeal specimens were negative, followed by a positive sputum sample. Serial testing for COVID-19 is indicated in patients with high pretest probability of disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00791 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00791 id: cord-299116-1agfnjvq author: Bunders, Madeleine title: Implications of sex differences in immunity for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and design of therapeutic interventions date: 2020-08-17 words: 6250.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299116-1agfnjvq.txt summary: Emerging knowledge on the basic biological pathways that underlie differences in immune responses between women and men needs to be incorporated into research efforts on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and pathology to identify targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing antiviral immune function and lung airway resilience while reducing pathogenic inflammation in COVID-19. The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic highlights the clinical consequences of these sex differences in antiviral immunity and tissue resilience Scully et al., 2020) , with in particular older men suffering from severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and experiencing higher case mortality rates (Docherty et al., 2020; Grasselli et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2020; Salje et al., 2020) . In the following, we will address the different stages of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, including viral entry and sensing, induction of antiviral immune responses and inflammation, and immune-mediated tissue-repair, in the context of critical differences in immune responses that exist between the sexes and contribute to the male-bias in development of severe COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Men present more frequently with severe manifestations of COVID-19 and are at higher risk for death. The underlying mechanisms for these differences between female and male individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 are insufficiently understood. However, studies from other viral infections have shown that females can mount stronger immune responses against viruses than males. Emerging knowledge on the basic biological pathways that underlie differences in immune responses between women and men needs to be incorporated into research efforts on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and pathology to identify targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing antiviral immune function and lung airway resilience while reducing pathogenic inflammation in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.08.003 id: cord-281248-z2gisufl author: Buonsenso, Danilo title: A Pediatric Strategy for the Next Phase of the SARS–CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 words: 2972.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281248-z2gisufl.txt summary: Considering that most of these conditions present several overlaps with SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 1 ), this will pose challenges to pediatricians and health system to appropriately manage all these conditions and properly allocate resources, because COVID-19 will need to be considered until exclusion, in order to reduce nosocomial transmission and new outbreaks. In light of new evidences and the need to reduce as much as possible the diffusion of infectious diseases among children during the next season (because this would lead to include all cases in the differential diagnosis with COVID-19 because of similar symptoms), a reorganization of school environments should be a priority for policy makers. Therefore, even though the direct clinical impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus on children has been limited with a very low mortality rate, and the COVID-19-related pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome remains a relatively rare consequence of the disease, pediatricians will still need to include SARS-CoV-2 in the differential diagnosis. abstract: Although the first wave of the SARS–CoV-2 pandemic relatively spared children, the next winter season will put a strain on health systems including pediatric services. Clinical staff managing children will need to deal not only with suspected cases of COVID-19, but also with the classic infectious agents that involve children during cold seasons. It will be necessary for physicians, institutions, policy makers, and families to prepare themselves for difficulties of this phase of the pandemic. Otherwise, the same problems experienced during the first wave of SARS–CoV-2, including shortages of human resources, personal protective equipment, and uncertainty, will be exacerbated by significant issues in hospital capacity. Here we highlight the potential role of improved vaccination services, school reorganization, home–outpatient–inpatients flows and telemedicine services in order to face the coming winter season. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163467/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.582798 id: cord-297884-a6yrtuwf author: Burke, R. M. title: Enhanced Contact Investigations for Nine Early Travel-Related Cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-05-03 words: 7343.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297884-a6yrtuwf.txt summary: To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with ≥ 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members. Among 49 HCP who provided care to or came into contact with the infectious fluids of travelassociated case patients and who had at least one set of respiratory samples collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate was 0% (95% CI: 0 -7%). abstract: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. As part of initial response activities in the United States, enhanced contact investigations were conducted to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Methods Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified. Close contacts meeting criteria for active monitoring were followed, and selected individuals were targeted for collection of additional exposure details and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results There were 404 close contacts who underwent active monitoring in the response jurisdictions; 338 had at least basic exposure data, of whom 159 had at least 1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all known close contacts under monitoring, two additional cases were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. The secondary attack rate among household members, all of whom had at least 1 respiratory sample tested, was 13% (95% CI: 4 - 38%). Conclusions The enhanced contact tracing investigations undertaken around nine early travel-related cases of COVID-19 in the United States identified two cases of secondary transmission, both spouses. Rapid detection and isolation of the travel-associated case patients, enabled by public awareness of COVID-19 among travelers from China, may have mitigated transmission risk among close contacts of these cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081901 id: cord-324405-6uanhe2p author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-09-02 words: 6616.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324405-6uanhe2p.txt summary: To interrupt transmission and facilitate early identification of secondary cases (i.e., transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 from the original travel-related case patient to a close contact), public health authorities at the state, county, and local levels, in consultation with subject-matter experts from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mobilized rapidly to place the patients under appropriate isolation and identify contacts exposed to these patients. To understand the prevalence of asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infection, a convenience sample of actively monitored close contacts was selected from whom to request respiratory (nasopharyngeal [NP] and oropharyngeal [OP]) samples outside of diagnostic specimen collection procedures (i.e., while contacts were asymptomatic or, in some cases, symptomatic with � 1 previous negative SARS-CoV-2 result); some sites were able to request at least one set of samples from all close contacts, but most sites targeted sample collection mainly to close contacts determined to have had high-risk exposures, such as household members and some healthcare personnel. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan, China and has since become pandemic. In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. Close contacts of nine early travel-related cases in the United States were identified and monitored daily for development of symptoms (active monitoring). Selected close contacts (including those with exposures categorized as higher risk) were targeted for collection of additional exposure information and respiratory samples. Respiratory samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Four hundred four close contacts were actively monitored in the jurisdictions that managed the travel-related cases. Three hundred thirty-eight of the 404 close contacts provided at least basic exposure information, of whom 159 close contacts had ≥1 set of respiratory samples collected and tested. Across all actively monitored close contacts, two additional symptomatic COVID-19 cases (i.e., secondary cases) were identified; both secondary cases were in spouses of travel-associated case patients. When considering only household members, all of whom had ≥1 respiratory sample tested for SARS-CoV-2, the secondary attack rate (i.e., the number of secondary cases as a proportion of total close contacts) was 13% (95% CI: 4–38%). The results from these contact tracing investigations suggest that household members, especially significant others, of COVID-19 cases are at highest risk of becoming infected. The importance of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers is also underlined. Isolation of persons with COVID-19, in combination with quarantine of exposed close contacts and practice of everyday preventive behaviors, is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238342 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238342 id: cord-336076-go5tk6ni author: Burke, Rachel M. title: Symptom Profiles of a Convenience Sample of Patients with COVID-19 — United States, January–April 2020 date: 2020-07-17 words: 2906.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336076-go5tk6ni.txt summary: Symptoms also were examined by date of onset relative to March 8, 2020 , when CDC released a Health Alert Network (HAN) notification giving updated guidance that COVID-19 testing be performed based on clinical judgment, thus widening testing eligibility to include persons with milder illness or atypical symptoms (3) . That definition requires meeting one or more of three sets of criteria: 1) cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing; 2) at least two of the following symptoms: fever (measured or subjective), chills, rigors, † myalgia, headache, sore throat, or new changes in smell or taste; or 3) severe respiratory illness with either clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome, without an alternative more likely diagnosis. Fever, cough, or shortness of breath were commonly reported among a convenience sample of U.S. COVID-19 patients with symptom onset during January-April and a range of illness severity; gastrointestinal symptoms and other symptoms, such as chills, myalgia, headache, and fatigue, also were commonly reported. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in the United States in January 2020 (1), and by mid-July, approximately 3.4 million cases had been reported in the United States (2). Information about symptoms among U.S. COVID-19 patients is limited, especially among nonhospitalized patients. To better understand symptom profiles of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the United States, CDC used an optional questionnaire to collect detailed information on a convenience sample of COVID-19 patients from participating states. Symptom data were analyzed by age group, sex, hospitalization status, and symptom onset date relative to expansion of testing guidelines on March 8, 2020 (3). Among 164 symptomatic patients with known onset during January 14-April 4, 2020, a total of 158 (96%) reported fever, cough, or shortness of breath. Among 57 hospitalized adult patients (aged ≥18 years), 39 (68%) reported all three of these symptoms, compared with 25 (31%) of the 81 nonhospitalized adult patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and other symptoms, such as chills, myalgia, headache, and fatigue, also were commonly reported, especially after expansion of testing guidelines. To aid prompt recognition of COVID-19, clinicians and public health professionals should be aware that COVID-19 can cause a wide variety of symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a2 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a2 id: cord-275214-mqvw0219 author: Burlacu, Alexandru title: Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? date: 2020-10-15 words: 1019.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275214-mqvw0219.txt summary: title: Is Thrombophilic Genetic Profile Responsible for an Acute Ischemic Stroke in a COVID-19 Male Patient? presented a recent study (published in August 2020 in the Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis), a comprehensive review of the COVID-19 induced coagulopathy with its particular traits, the specificity of thromboembolic events and potential therapeutic interventions. In this particular context, the authors underline that the conventional clinical assessment of the risk of thrombotic events may not be efficient due to disease''s particular evolution. Three days before the neurological event, the patient presented with mild respiratory symptoms erroneously interpreted as a non-COVID-19 pulmonary infection. We strongly suspect that subtle genetic risk factors for thrombotic events may influence the COVID-19 course, might hold the key to understanding the significant heterogeneity of COVID-19 manifestations, and may prove useful in assessing the COVID-19 patients'' risk for thrombosis and severe disease. Unpuzzling COVID-19 prothrombotic state: are preexisting thrombophilic risk profiles responsible for heterogenous thrombotic events? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620967107 doi: 10.1177/1076029620967107 id: cord-281619-fhyamruq author: Burlacu, Alexandru title: Unpuzzling COVID-19 Prothrombotic State: Are Preexisting Thrombophilic Risk Profiles Responsible for Heterogenous Thrombotic Events? date: 2020-08-25 words: 2016.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281619-fhyamruq.txt summary: 1 The similarity between these 2 conditions is sustained by autopsy studies findings, documented immune pathogenesis, and microcirculation dysfunctions, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to disseminate the infection in other organs and by the fact that many critically ill COVID-19 patients developed clinical symptoms of shock following a process called "viral sepsis." 2 A recent paper dealing with SARS-CoV-2 and "viral sepsis" raised alarm signals that despite the huge percentage of 71,4% of non-survivors of COVID-19 who matched the grade of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation, the concrete mechanisms of vascular thrombosis are not yet known. The hypercoagulation state consequent to SARS-COV-2 infection seems to manifest not only as pulmonary embolism, but also as other thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke, 31 suggesting that the most plausible explanation has to be a pattern concerning either the patients or the virus. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620952884 doi: 10.1177/1076029620952884 id: cord-272509-os02hlf1 author: Burns, Graham P title: Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital date: 2020-07-05 words: 1906.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272509-os02hlf1.txt summary: title: Improved survival following ward-based non-invasive pressure support for severe hypoxia in a cohort of frail patients with COVID-19: retrospective analysis from a UK teaching hospital To date, there has been no clear guideline endorsement of ward-based non-invasive pressure support (NIPS) for severely hypoxic patients who are deemed unlikely to benefit from invasive ventilation. We established a ward-based NIPS service for COVID-19 PCR-positive patients, with severe hypoxia, and in whom escalation to critical care for invasive ventilation was not deemed appropriate. These results suggest that ward-based NIPS should be considered as a treatment option in an integrated escalation strategy in all units managing respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. These data support treatment with NIPS (CPAP or BiPAP) as part of a respiratory escalation strategy in hospitals managing COVID-19 and in accordance with the algorithm shown in figure 1 . abstract: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China in December 2019, a pandemic has rapidly developed on a scale that has overwhelmed health services in a number of countries. COVID-19 has the potential to lead to severe hypoxia; this is usually the cause of death if it occurs. In a substantial number of patients, adequate arterial oxygenation cannot be achieved with supplementary oxygen therapy alone. To date, there has been no clear guideline endorsement of ward-based non-invasive pressure support (NIPS) for severely hypoxic patients who are deemed unlikely to benefit from invasive ventilation. We established a ward-based NIPS service for COVID-19 PCR-positive patients, with severe hypoxia, and in whom escalation to critical care for invasive ventilation was not deemed appropriate. A retrospective analysis of survival in these patients was undertaken. Twenty-eight patients were included. Ward-based NIPS for severe hypoxia was associated with a 50% survival in this cohort. This compares favourably with Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre survival data following invasive ventilation in a less frail, less comorbid and younger population. These results suggest that ward-based NIPS should be considered as a treatment option in an integrated escalation strategy in all units managing respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32624494/ doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000621 id: cord-176481-12ny6l5a author: Burridge, Henry C. title: Airborne infection R-numbers for regularly attended spaces: COVID-19 a case-study date: 2020-09-07 words: 5266.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-176481-12ny6l5a.txt summary: In our present article, we focus on assessing the risk of infection of respiratory diseases via the airborne route, taking COVID-19 as an example; ultimately, deriving a methodology for calculating a meaningful R-number for any indoor space that is regularly attended by the same group of people and any airborne disease for which the duration over which infectors remain pre/asymptomatic is known (within some bounds). Rudnick & Milton (2003) greatly extended the practical application of the Wells-Riley model; removing the need to assume the indoor space was in steady-steady and, crucially, negating the need to assess nor assume the rate of ventilation of outdoor air -a notoriously difficult quantity to measure robustly (see Appendix B for a detailed discussion). To examine the effects of a particular change in conditions within a given indoor space, e.g. change in ventilation rate, occupancy level/behaviour, etc..., it is informative to define a ''base case'' scenario for which the likelihood of infection during a time interval T is P 0 and quantify the airborne infection risk of chosen scenarios relative to the base case. abstract: The risk of airborne infection for COVID-19 needs to be better understood and is especially urgent during the current pandemic. We present a method to determine the relative risk that can be readily deployed on either modelled or monitored CO$_2$ data and occupancy levels within an indoor space. Moreover, for spaces regularly, or consistently, occupied by the same group of people, e.g. an open-plan office or a school classroom, we establish protocols to assess the absolute risk of airborne infection of this regular attendance at work or school. In so doing, we are able to calculate the expected number of infections arising from a single regular attendee becoming infectious and remaining pre/asymptomatic, i.e. we present a robust methodology to calculate the absolute reproductive number of these spaces. We demonstrate our model by calculating risks for both a modelled open-plan office and by using monitored data recorded within a small naturally ventilated office. Results suggest that attendance at work is unlikely to significantly contribute to the pandemic if relatively quiet desk-based work is carried out in the presence of adequate ventilation. However, these spaces are likely to contribute significantly to the pandemic if ventilation is inadequate and/or activity levels increase. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02999v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273656-xo82zyi6 author: Burry, Lisa D. title: It Takes a Village… Contending with Drug Shortages During Disasters date: 2020-08-14 words: 4566.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273656-xo82zyi6.txt summary: 2, 3 The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically demonstrates how large and sudden surge in demand can lead to shortages when local, national, and international supply chains cannot keep pace, in particular medications with limited therapeutic alternatives for critical care. We highlight the available literature on possible causes and mitigation strategies to manage shortages of critical care drugs from the local, institutional level to the global stage in a worldwide crisis such as a pandemic. 38 Manufacturers can further decrease the risk of shortages using methods to increase system resiliency, such as decentralising production to multiple sites rather than one single site, investing in redundancy of critical production steps, and ensuring availability of active and inactive pharmaceutical ingredients through optimal inventory management and the development of relations with alternative producers. We sought to highlight the issues associated with anticipating and managing shortages of essential critical care drugs from global, national, regional and institutional perspectives during a disaster. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.015 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.015 id: cord-327886-vvm1gfku author: Burstyn, Igor title: Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA date: 2020-06-06 words: 4613.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327886-vvm1gfku.txt summary: title: Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA The aim of our work was to better quantify misclassification errors in identification of true cases of COVID-19 and to study the impact of these errors in epidemic curves using publicly available surveillance data from Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA. METHODS: We examined time-series data of laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, the causal agent for COVID-19, to try to explore, using a Bayesian approach, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. Thus, we pursued two specific aims: (a) to develop a Bayesian method to attempt to learn from publicly available time-series of COVID-19 testing about Sn and Sp of the laboratory tests and (b) to conduct a Monte Carlo (probabilistic) sensitivity analysis of the impact of the plausible extent of this misclassification on bias in epidemic curves. abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite widespread use, the accuracy of the diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. The aim of our work was to better quantify misclassification errors in identification of true cases of COVID-19 and to study the impact of these errors in epidemic curves using publicly available surveillance data from Alberta, Canada and Philadelphia, USA. METHODS: We examined time-series data of laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, the causal agent for COVID-19, to try to explore, using a Bayesian approach, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that the data were compatible with near-perfect specificity, but it was challenging to gain information about sensitivity. We applied these insights to uncertainty/bias analysis of epidemic curves under the assumptions of both improving and degrading sensitivity. If the sensitivity improved from 60 to 95%, the adjusted epidemic curves likely falls within the 95% confidence intervals of the observed counts. However, bias in the shape and peak of the epidemic curves can be pronounced, if sensitivity either degrades or remains poor in the 60–70% range. In the extreme scenario, hundreds of undiagnosed cases, even among the tested, are possible, potentially leading to further unchecked contagion should these cases not self-isolate. CONCLUSION: The best way to better understand bias in the epidemic curves of COVID-19 due to errors in testing is to empirically evaluate misclassification of diagnosis in clinical settings and apply this knowledge to adjustment of epidemic curves. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01037-4 doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01037-4 id: cord-286193-3yy9exry author: Burton, Jennifer K title: Evolution and effects of COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: a population analysis in 189 care homes in one geographical region of the UK date: 2020-10-31 words: 6468.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286193-3yy9exry.txt summary: The aim of our study was to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one health region in Scotland, specifically the timing of outbreaks, number of confirmed cases in residents, care home characteristics associated with the presence of an outbreak, and deaths of residents in both care homes and hospitals. We used publicly available national data for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and deaths from COVID-19, which were linked to regulatory public health data, to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one large health region in Scotland. In accordance with NHS Lothian public health team practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, we defined the start of a COVID-19 outbreak in a care home as the date when the first resident had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2, using regional virology laboratory PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs. abstract: Background COVID-19 has affected care home residents internationally, but detailed information on outbreaks is scarce. We aimed to describe the evolution of outbreaks of COVID-19 in all care homes in one large health region in Scotland. Methods We did a population analysis of testing, cases, and deaths in care homes in the National Health Service (NHS) Lothian health region of the UK. We obtained data for COVID-19 testing (PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) and deaths (COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related), and we analysed data by several variables including type of care home, number of beds, and locality. Outcome measures were timing of outbreaks, number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in care home residents, care home characteristics associated with the presence of an outbreak, and deaths of residents in both care homes and hospitals. We calculated excess deaths (both COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related), which we defined as the sum of deaths over and above the historical average in the same period over the past 5 years. Findings Between March 10 and Aug 2, 2020, residents at 189 care homes (5843 beds) were tested for COVID-19 when symptomatic. A COVID-19 outbreak was confirmed at 69 (37%) care homes, of which 66 (96%) were care homes for older people. The size of care homes for older people was strongly associated with a COVID-19 outbreak (odds ratio per 20-bed increase 3·35, 95% CI 1·99–5·63). 907 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded during the study period, and 432 COVID-19-related deaths. 229 (25%) COVID-19-related cases and 99 (24%) COVID-related deaths occurred in five (3%) of 189 care homes, and 441 (49%) cases and 207 (50%) deaths were in 13 (7%) care homes. 411 (95%) COVID-19-related deaths occurred in the 69 care homes with a confirmed COVID-19 outbreak, 19 (4%) deaths were in hospital, and two (<1%) were in one of the 120 care homes without a confirmed COVID-19 outbreak. At the 69 care homes with a confirmed COVID-19 outbreak, 74 excess non-COVID-19-related deaths were reported, whereas ten non-COVID-19-related excess deaths were observed in the 120 care homes without a confirmed COVID-19 outbreak. 32 fewer non-COVID-19-related deaths than expected were reported among care home residents in hospital. Interpretation The effect of COVID-19 on care homes has been substantial but concentrated in care homes with known outbreaks. A key implication from our findings is that, if community incidence of COVID-19 increases again, many care home residents will be susceptible. Shielding care home residents from potential sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and ensuring rapid action to minimise outbreak size if infection is introduced, will be important for any second wave. Funding None. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S266675682030012X doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30012-x id: cord-335078-z7k59k8o author: Burton-Papp, Helmi C. title: Conscious prone positioning during non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: experience from a single centre date: 2020-07-31 words: 3765.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335078-z7k59k8o.txt summary: In our cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure, prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation resulted in improved oxygenation. Here we build on this literature offering an examination of changes in oxygenation, as measured by PaO 2 /FiO 2 , across multiple episodes of prone positioning in conscious patients, with moderate to severe hypoxia, undergoing non-invasive ventilation following admission to the intensive care unit for advanced respiratory support. Although there is only limited data available on the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in COVID-19, early provision of NIV in moderate to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure is associated with reduced ICU mortality and intubation rate 12 . This is a retrospective report on a subgroup of 20 patients with severe COVID-19 who were able to self-prone while receiving non-invasive ventilation in the ICU, among a grand total of 81 patients admitted to the ICU during the study period.The primary outcome reported by the authors is change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio while in prone position. abstract: Critically ill patients admitted to hospital following SARS-CoV-2 infection often experience hypoxic respiratory failure and a proportion require invasive mechanical ventilation to maintain adequate oxygenation. The combination of prone positioning and non-invasive ventilation in conscious patients may have a role in improving oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of prone positioning in spontaneously ventilating patients receiving non-invasive ventilation admitted to the intensive care. Clinical data of 81 patients admitted with COVID 19 pneumonia and acute hypoxic respiratory failure were retrieved from electronic medical records and examined. Patients who had received prone positioning in combination with non-invasive ventilation were identified. A total of 20 patients received prone positioning in conjunction with non-invasive ventilation. This resulted in improved oxygenation as measured by a change in PaO (2)/FiO (2) (P/F) ratio of 28.7 mmHg while prone, without significant change in heart rate or respiratory rate. Patients on average underwent 5 cycles with a median duration of 3 hours. There were no reported deaths, 7 of the 20 patients (35%) failed non-invasive ventilation and subsequently required intubation and mechanical ventilation. In our cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure, prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation resulted in improved oxygenation. Prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation may be considered as an early therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110499/ doi: 10.12688/f1000research.25384.1 id: cord-322919-5ty35rsy author: Busana, Mattia title: Non‐invasive hemodynamic profile of early COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-10-28 words: 2510.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322919-5ty35rsy.txt summary: When stratifying for SVRI, patients with an SVRI value below the cohort median had also more severe oxygenation impairment and lower TPR, despite a similar degree of CXR infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of COVID‐19 infection the hemodynamic profile is characterized by a hyperdynamic circulatory state with high CI and low SVRI, while the right heart is functionally unaffected. In this study, we found that in the early stages of the disease, COVID-19 infection leads to a hyperdynamic circulatory state characterized by an elevated CI and low SVRI. The right heart function was unaffected, and pulmonary pressures were normal, despite the high CI, particularly in the low SVRI range. Lung recruitability in COVID-19 is moderately low (Pan et al., 2020) and blood diversion with cardiac output reduction may justify the reported oxygenation improvement at high Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP). abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the systemic and pulmonary macrohemodynamics in early COVID‐19 infection. Echocardiography may provide useful insights into COVID‐19 physiopathology. METHODS: Twenty‐three COVID‐19 patients were enrolled in a medical ward. Gas exchange, transthoracic echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables were collected. RESULTS: Mean age was 57 ± 17 years. The patients were hypoxemic (PaO(2)/FiO(2) = 273.0 ± 102.6 mmHg) and mildly hypocapnic (PaCO(2) = 36.2 ± 6.3 mmHg, pH = 7.45 ± 0.03). Mean arterial pressure was decreased (86.7 [80.0–88.3] mmHg). Cardiac index was elevated (4.32 ± 0.90 L∙min(‐1)∙m(‐2)) and the resulting systemic vascular resistance index low (1,458 [1358–1664] dyn∙s∙cm(‐5)∙m(‐2)). The right heart was morphologically and functionally normal, with pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm, 18.0 ± 2.9 mmHg) and Total Pulmonary Resistances (TPR, 2.3 [2.1–2.7] mmHg∙l(‐1)∙min(‐1)) within normal limits. When stratifying for SVRI, patients with an SVRI value below the cohort median had also more severe oxygenation impairment and lower TPR, despite a similar degree of CXR infiltrates. Oxygen delivery index in this group resulted supranormal. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of COVID‐19 infection the hemodynamic profile is characterized by a hyperdynamic circulatory state with high CI and low SVRI, while the right heart is functionally unaffected. Our findings suggest that hypoxemia, viral sepsis or peripheral shunting are possible mechanisms for the vasodilation that dominates at this stage of the disease and may itself worsen the gas exchange. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33113285/ doi: 10.14814/phy2.14628 id: cord-336497-vzenzbw1 author: Busch-Hallen, Jenny title: Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health date: 2020-08-03 words: 551.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336497-vzenzbw1.txt summary: The study by Timothy Roberton and colleagues (July, 2020), 1 which modelled the indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), highlights potential consequences of disruptions to routine health care and decreased access to food. We estimated, using the Alive & Thrive cost of not breastfeeding tool, 4 that a hypothetical effect of small (5%), moderate (10%), medium (25%), or severe (50%) relative reductions in the prevalence of breastfeeding due to COVID-19 disruptions would result in 16 469 (small reduction), 32 139 (moderate reduction), 75 455 (medium reduction), and up to 138 398 (severe reduction) child deaths across 129 LMICs over a 1-year period, plus additional morbidity (appendix). Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214109X20303272 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30327-2 id: cord-305770-xygg4lxu author: Busetto, Gian Maria title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection and High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Are There Any Common Features? date: 2020-06-09 words: 6963.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305770-xygg4lxu.txt summary: Most severe cases of COVID-19 and high-risk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). Most severe cases of COVID-19 and highrisk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). When compared with COVID-19 patients without ARDS, patients with ARDS are generally older and have a higher proportion of comorbidities, and there are more observations of neutrophilia associated with lymphocytopenia, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increase, increase in several inflammation indices (including interleukins, IL-2 and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein and many other cytokines), elevated coagulation function and alteration of other organ dysfunction indices (liver, kidney, etc.) [4] . The following terms were the most commonly used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, bladder cancer, risk factors, diabetes, obesity, aging, inflammation, cytokine, interleukin (IL), IL-6, smoking. abstract: BACKGROUND: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a huge health, social and economic issue and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Bladder cancer, on the contrary, is a well-known disease burdened by a high rate of affected patients and risk of recurrence, progression and death. SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) often involves mild clinical symptoms but in some cases, it can lead to pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Factors associated with developing a more severe disease are increased age, obesity, smoking and chronic underlying comorbidities (including diabetes mellitus). High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) progression and worse prognosis are also characterized by a higher incidence in patients with risk factors similar to COVID-19. Immune system response and inflammation have been found as a common hallmark of both diseases. Most severe cases of COVID-19 and high-risk NMIBC patients at higher recurrence and progression risk are characterized by innate and adaptive immune activation followed by inflammation and cytokine/chemokine storm (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8). Alterations in neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets accompany the systemic inflammatory response to cancer and infections. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for example have been recognized as factors related to poor prognosis for many solid tumors, including bladder cancer, and their role has been found important even for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. KEY MESSAGES: All these mechanisms should be further analyzed in order to find new therapeutic agents and new strategies to block infection and cancer progression. Further than commonly used therapies, controlling cytokine production and inflammatory response is a promising field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516772/ doi: 10.1159/000509065 id: cord-307929-286i4rue author: Bustati, Nour title: The Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment- An Online Questionnaire Cross Sectional Study date: 2020-10-23 words: 3146.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307929-286i4rue.txt summary: Background The spread of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue; most dental clinics were closed and millions of orthodontic patients were unable to complete their treatment, this study aimed to assess the challenges faced by patients receiving orthodontic treatment and their proffered solutions to overcoming these challenges during this pandemic. Those who answered with ''''did not miss any visit'''' were directed into the submit page while the other respondents were able to proceed to the third section( the reason for missing the appointments, communication with the orthodontist, main concern, degree of agreement towards closing of clinics) and the last section was about the problems they faced and their ways to address that. Being in high risk of infection, most dental clinics were closed which put the patients who were receiving orthodontic treatment in complicated situation since they require regular visits to their orthodontist for a long period of time. abstract: Background The spread of COVID-19 has led to a major public health issue; most dental clinics were closed and millions of orthodontic patients were unable to complete their treatment, this study aimed to assess the challenges faced by patients receiving orthodontic treatment and their proffered solutions to overcoming these challenges during this pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was developed and sent to patients receiving orthodontic treatment at a public or private clinic. Results 388 responses were analyzed. Mean age 20.4 ± 4 years, 75% (291) were females and 58% (226) received their treatment at a public clinic. 27.3% (106) of all participants were still unable to attend to their appointments and 69% (244) stated that closing of the clinic was the main reason for missing their appointments. Depending on their type of appliance the patients faced different problems and chose multiple ways to deal with them. The majority of participants had Fixed Appliances 84% (327) and only 21% (64) of them stated that they had no problem compared to 39% (11) and 36% (8) for Removable Appliances and Clear aligners groups respectively. Conclusion The COVID19 pandemic has significant impact on orthodontic treatments. Almost each orthodontic patient had to stop attending to their appointment which put them in complicated situations and in fear of delayed treatment. Patients from a public clinic and patients with fixed appliances reported more problems than others. More attention should be giving to teleorthodontics, also orthodontists should prepare their patients to deal with some of the problems related to their appliances when possible. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2212443820300722 doi: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.10.003 id: cord-279405-1d6gznls author: Butt, Muhammad Hammad title: Dengue Fever and COVID‐19 Co‐Infection; A Threat to Public Health for Co‐epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-08-27 words: 1075.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279405-1d6gznls.txt summary: geographical spread of COVID-19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co-infections with various other infectious diseases. During the on-going pandemic where health authorities are primarily engaged to contain the infection, any other infectious disease outbreak will hinder the manoeuvres combating COVID-19 and will create the diagnostic challenges for healthcare professionals. Recently, National Institute of Health (NIH) in Pakistan issued ''High Alert'' for dengue viral infection (DVI) as monsoon season (July -December) is considered a vulnerable period for dengue spread [2] . Keeping in view the fragile healthcare system and economic turmoil in Pakistan, dengue outbreak will pose serious challenges for which country is not This article is protected by copyright. In Thailand, a patient who presented with petechial rashes was treated as dengue case but declared as co-infected with COVID-19 following advanced clinical diagnosis [6] . Patients presenting to healthcare professionals with fever, rash, headache and respiratory problems must be subjected to DVI and COVID-19 diagnosis. abstract: The rapid expansion of COVID‐19 has caused around 16 million confirmed cases with approximately 0.65 million deaths worldwide. Recently with the geographical spread of COVID‐19 and more involvement of adults, there have been increasing reports of co‐infections with various other infectious diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32852782/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26464 id: cord-258662-6y45gb0t author: Butt, Nausharwan title: Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 words: 114.0 sentences: 17.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258662-6y45gb0t.txt summary: key: cord-258662-6y45gb0t authors: Butt, Nausharwan; Arshid, Awais; Ahmad, Sarah Aftab; Khalid, Nauman; Kayani, Waleed Tallat title: Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 journal: Am J Emerg Med DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.032 sha: doc_id: 258662 cord_uid: 6y45gb0t nan In summary, COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications which may also include pericarditis, pericardial effusion and Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. Further larger studies are required to evaluate this association. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 detection in the pericardial fluid of a patient with cardiac tamponade COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2) and the heart -An ominous association All authors have no sources of funding to disclose The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720306240?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.032 id: cord-314733-fyximykl author: Butu, Alina title: The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania date: 2020-07-29 words: 11552.0 sentences: 543.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314733-fyximykl.txt summary: The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. Short food chain supply (SFSC) systems provide multiple benefits (of economic, social, environmental, cultural, and health nature) for people and society as a whole: new job opportunities in the agri-food sector at local level [54] , encouraging knowledge transfer, counter-balancing the effects of population migration [55] or gentrification, supporting the local services and suppliers by sustaining the stores of small producers and farmers'' markets, preserving cultural heritage, including promotion of tourism [56] and local gastronomy, and improving the quality of life by securing access to healthier food [57] . abstract: The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. The study relies on the interpretation of answers received from the quarantined area (N = 257) to a questionnaire applied online nationwide. The starting point of this paper is the analysis of the sociodemographic factors on the purchasing decision of fresh vegetables directly from local producers before declaring the state of emergency in Romania (16 March 2020). Further research has been conducted by interpreting the changes triggered by the COVID-19 crisis on the purchasing intention of such products before and after the end of the respective crisis. The aim of this scientific investigation relies on identifying the methods by which these behavioral changes can influence the digital transformation of short food supply chains. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751368/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155485 id: cord-187703-40382yjq author: Buzzell, Andrew title: COVID-19 Misinformation and Disinformation on Social Networks -- The Limits of Veritistic Countermeasures date: 2020-08-03 words: 3797.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-187703-40382yjq.txt summary: Efforts to combat misinformation typically focus on the extent to which targeted content is both false and harmful, and Levy (2018) argues such content can be described as epistemic pollutionwhich degrades the information environment and interferes with social epistemic practices that rely on trust. This is a key feature of many forms of disinformation and propaganda (Derakhshan and Wardle 2017 call of 3 12 this "mal-information"), a category some COVID-19 misinformation belongs to, and one which can''t be combatted directly with fact-checks and moderation tools operating within the pollution model. Social network responses to COVID-19 misinformation have included efforts to remove epistemic pollution by way of algorithmic and human moderation, architectural modifications to alter the circulation and perception of some information, promotion of domain expertise, and active policing of influential accounts. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been the subject of a vast amount of misinformation, particularly in digital information environments, and major social media platforms recently publicized some of the countermeasures they are adopting. This presents an opportunity to examine the nature of the misinformation and disinformation being produced, and the theoretical and technological paradigm used to counter it. I argue that this approach is based on a conception of misinformation as epistemic pollution that can only justify a limited and potentially inadequate response , and that some of the measures undertaken in practice outrun this. In fact, social networks manage ecological and architectural conditions that influence discourse on their platforms in ways that should motivate reconsideration of the justifications that ground epistemic interventions to combat misinformation, and the types of intervention that they warrant. The editorial role of platforms should not be framed solely as the management of epistemic pollution, but instead as managing the epistemic environment in which narratives and social epistemic processes take place. There is an element of inevitable epistemic paternalism involved in this, and exploration of the independent constraints on its justifiability can help determine proper limits of its exercise in practice. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.00784v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-313275-znrvkmee author: Bwire, G. M. title: A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM date: 2020-06-12 words: 2965.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313275-znrvkmee.txt summary: title: A systematic review on the levels of antibodies in COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns: a possible vertical transmission of IgG/ IgM The research included studies on IgG/ IgM against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mother with COVID-19 published in English from December 1, 2019 onwards. On the other hand, natural passive immunity and detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in infants born to COVID 19 confirmed mothers have been indicated in some studies where the newborns tested negative for the virus (8) . In this regard, a systematic review was conducted to determine the magnitude of IgG/ IgM in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The median antibody levels detected in COVID-19 exposed newborns who tested negative for the virus after delivery but were born to mothers with COVID-19 were 75.49AU/mL (range: 7.25AU/mL-140.32AU/mL ) and for 3.79AU/mL (range: 0.16AU/mL-45.83AU/mL) (P = 0.0041) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM, respectively. abstract: Background Currently, there is no doubt on human-to-human transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Now, the debates remain on whether, vertical transmission of Severe Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibodies against the virus do exist. We therefore, conducted a systematic review to determine the immunoglobulin G and M (IgG/IgM) levels among infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Methods The systematic search was done using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar database. The research included studies on IgG/ IgM against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mother with COVID-19 published in English from December 1, 2019 onwards. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-P) guidelines. We synthesized a narrative from eligible studies and performed two tailed non-parametric Mann-Whitney test to determine and compare the median IgG/IgM levels. Results In total, 486 abstracts were screened and 63 full-text articles were assessed. Of 63 articles, 6 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Two articles were included in quantitative analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/ IgM levels. The median antibody levels was 75.49AU/mL (range: 7.25AU/mL- 140.32AU/mL ) and for 3.79AU/mL (range: 0.16AU/mL-45.83AU/mL) (P = 0.0041) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM, respectively. Conclusion There were high levels of IgG but low IgM against SARS-CoV-2 (using <10 AU/mL as a reference range) among COVID-19 virus exposed but negative newborns. This review suggest a possible natural passive immunity (IgG/ IgM) against COVID-19 virus. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.09.20127118v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20127118 id: cord-329224-t45bedot author: Byrnes, Yasmeen M. title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national survey study date: 2020-07-24 words: 4048.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329224-t45bedot.txt summary: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students'' educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. Although there are some existing anecdotal commentaries describing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education [5, [18] [19] [20] [21] , studies describing virtual curriculum development [5] [6] [7] [8] , and reports of medical student mobilization in response to the pandemic [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] , to our knowledge no data yet exists describing the current impact on medical students'' academic lives. This study serves as an early snapshot into medical students'' perspectives on their education and careers at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is in full force and clinical rotations remain cancelled. abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students’ educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. DESIGN: This cross-sectional survey study collected responses from 13 April 2020 until 30 April 2020. Students at US allopathic medical schools completed the survey online. RESULTS: 1,668 responses were analyzed. A total of 337 (20.2%) respondents thought the pandemic would affect their choice of specialty, with differences across class years: 15.2% (53) of first-years (MS1s), 26.4% (92) of second-years (MS2s), 23.7% (162) of third-years (MS3s), and 9.7% (22) of fourth-years (MS4s) (p < 0.0001). Among all classes, the most common reason chosen was inability to explore specialties of interest (244, 72.4%), and the second was inability to bolster their residency application (162, 48.1%). Out of the MS3s who chose the latter, the majority were concerned about recommendation letters (68, 81.0%) and away rotations (62, 73.8%). As high as 17.4% (119) of MS3s said they were more likely to take an extra year during medical school as a result of the pandemic. Region of the US, number of local COVID cases, and number of local COVID deaths had no effect on whether respondents thought the pandemic would affect their specialty choice. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. With prolonged suspension of clinical rotations, targeted efforts by medical schools to address these concerns through enhanced virtual curriculum development and advising strategies will become increasingly important. Further study is needed to explore whether these cross-sectional student perspectives will manifest as changes in upcoming National Residency Matching Program data. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1798088 doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1798088 id: cord-311552-n16pdrc4 author: Bäuerle, Alexander title: Psychological support in times of COVID-19: the Essen community-based CoPE concept date: 2020-04-20 words: 735.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311552-n16pdrc4.txt summary: Little is known about treatment options to combat the novel virus, but the same applies to the effects of COVID-19 on people''s mental health. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia. 3 Besides necessary government regulations in order to slow down the rapid spread of the virus, a COVID-19 crisis strategy to face the increased psychological burden of the community has not been defined yet. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia (NRW). During the COVID-19 crisis, implementing structured community-based concepts to support psychological burdened citizens is crucial. abstract: The SARS CoV-2-virus (COVID-19) pandemic is pushing national and international structures to their limits. Little is known about treatment options to combat the novel virus, but the same applies to the effects of COVID-19 on people’s mental health. In Germany, as in many other countries, governmental actions impact peoples’ individual freedom. These highly necessary actions to slow down the spread of the virus, however, are a burden to the community. We established a structured concept to support psychological burdened people in Essen, which is located in the Ruhr area, a metropolitan region with more than 5.1 million inhabitants in the heart of the federal state North Rhine Westphalia. The psychological burden following the spread of the virus and individual restrictions should not be neglected. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32307516/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa053 id: cord-024348-nw3a0qco author: Béland, Daniel title: A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada''s Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 2029.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024348-nw3a0qco.txt summary: The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post-COVID-19. Beyond these public rows involving Alberta, fiscal federalism in Canada was also experiencing, prior to the COVID-19 crisis, significant structural challenges that were of concern to many provinces. The Canadian response to COVID-19 and reforms to fiscal transfer arrangements will be shaped by existing policy legacies as much as by current power relations in the federation. Respecting provincial autonomy will likely remain a key political and policy consideration, although the federal government''s dominant fiscal capacity, a considerable source of federal power, could be deployed at a time when the provinces badly need it. abstract: The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. This research note combines insights from historical institutionalism with recent economic and fiscal projections to explore avenues for reform in response to the COVID-19 crisis. Given the magnitude of the crisis, provincial governments may be unable to absorb the fiscal costs on their own. But vast differences in fiscal and economic circumstances across provinces make federal arrangements difficult to design. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post–COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198463/ doi: 10.1017/s0008423920000323 id: cord-024649-y7nqz6vk author: Bösel, J. title: Neurologische Auswirkungen von COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 3017.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024649-y7nqz6vk.txt summary: Hinzu kommen ein vermutlich erheblicher Schon früh nach Beginn der Pandemie trat die Frage auf, wie es sich mit dem Risiko bei immunsupprimierten und/oder immunmodulatorisch behandelten neurologischen Patienten verhält, also z. Schnell gaben internationale und nationale Fachgesellschaften zu diesen und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen Empfehlungen heraus, mit zahlreichen wichtigen Hinweisen zur Prävention und zum Monitoring und mit -sehr vereinfacht zusammengefasst -dem Tenor, immunmodulatorische Therapien, die für den Krankheitsverlauf wichtig sind, nicht wegen der Pandemie zu pausieren oder abzubrechen. Weil kaum angenommen werden kann, dass sich unter der Pandemie tatsächlich Inzidenzen verändern, muss befürchtet werden, dass aus Sorge vor einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 oder wegen der Aufmerksamkeit, die COVID-19 berechtigterweise erfährt, Patienten mit neurologischen Notfallerkrankungen ihre Symptome "aussitzen" bzw. Ob COVID-19 nun spezifische oder eher unspezifische Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem hat, mag zwar für Diagnostik und Therapie, die zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch völlig unklar ist, eine wichtige Rolle spielen, aber zunächst einmal werden wir zunehmend Patienten sehen, die im Zusammenhang mit der Virusinfektion neurologisch beeinträchtigt sind und optimal behandelt werden müssen. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212508/ doi: 10.1007/s42451-020-00191-9 id: cord-258576-ywbyflas author: Bösmüller, Hans title: The evolution of pulmonary pathology in fatal COVID-19 disease: an autopsy study with clinical correlation date: 2020-06-30 words: 3628.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258576-ywbyflas.txt summary: We present the pulmonary findings in four cases of fatal COVID-19 with a spectrum of lung pathology reflecting disease course and duration, invasive therapies, and laboratory features. Based on conventional criteria, respiratory insufficiency therefore might be considered unlikely direct cause of death, but this case and recently published autopsy data indicate that pulmonary microvascular changes are an important and distinguishing feature of COVID-19 and may contribute to hypoxemia and acute cardiac insufficiency. Irrespective of the severity of pulmonary changes, however, all 4 patients showed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lung tissues but failed to show detectable levels of viral RNA in other organs studied. The laboratory findings observed in patients 2 and 3 reflect common risk factors of fatal outcome, namely, lymphopenia; increased D-dimers; evidence of massive systemic inflammation including high levels of CRP, procalcitonin, and IL-6 during acute disease; and in the final stages massive ALT/AST elevation [1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 20] . abstract: The pandemia of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 355,000 confirmed deaths worldwide. However, publications on postmortem findings are scarce. We present the pulmonary findings in four cases of fatal COVID-19 with a spectrum of lung pathology reflecting disease course and duration, invasive therapies, and laboratory features. Early disease is characterized by neutrophilic, exudative capillaritis with microthrombosis and high levels of IL-1beta and IL-6. Later stages are associated with diffuse alveolar damage and ongoing intravascular thrombosis in small to medium-sized pulmonary vessels, occasionally with areas of infarction equivalents, accompanied by laboratory features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. In late stages, organizing pneumonia with extensive intra-alveolar proliferation of fibroblasts and marked metaplasia of alveolar epithelium can be observed. Viral RNA is encountered in the lung, with virus particles in endothelial cells and pneumocytes. In many patients, multi-organ failure with severe liver damage sets in finally, possibly as consequence of an early-onset pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and/or thrombotic microangiopathy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00428-020-02881-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02881-x doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-02881-x id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn author: CABARKAPA, Sonja title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-17 words: 5588.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt summary: The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). In terms of mental health impact of epidemics, HCWs represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the high risk of infection, increased work stress and fear of spreading to their families. The following search terms were used: ''health worker'', ''health care worker'', ''medical'', ''doctor'', ''nursing'', ''nurse'', ''allied health'', ''pandemic'', ''outbreak'', ''mental health'', ''mental illness'', ''psychiatric'', ''psychological'', ''coping'', ''psychosocial'', ''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''SARS'', ''MERS'' and ''Ebola''. 36, 51 At the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Wuhan study 28 found that 34.4% (342 of 994) of medical and nursing staff had mild mental health disturbances while 6.2% (62) had severe disturbances, while in another study 24 of 1,521 Chinese HCWs 14.1% had psychological abnormalities. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the world is battling the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups at risk of mental health problems. The many risks to the wellbeing of HCWs are not well understood. Of the literature, there is a paucity of information around how to best prevent psychological distress, and what steps are needed to mitigate harm to HCWs’ wellbeing. METHODS: A systematic review using PRISMA methodology was used to investigate the psychological impact on HCWs facing epidemics or pandemics, using three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL), dating back to 2002 until the 21st of August 2020. The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). Only studies with greater than 100 frontline HCWs (i.e. doctors or nurses in close proximity to infected patients) were included. RESULTS: A total of 55 studies were included, with 53 using quantitative methodology and 2 were qualitative. 50 of the quantitative studies used validated measurement tools while 5 used novel questionnaires. The studies were conducted across various countries and included people with SARS (13 studies), Ebola (1), MERS (3) and COVID-19 (38). Findings suggest that the psychological implications to HCWs are variable with several studies demonstrating an increased risk of acquiring a trauma or stress-related disorders, depression and anxiety. Fear of the unknown or becoming infected were at the forefront of the mental challenges faced. Being a nurse and being female appeared to confer greater risk. In past epidemics, the perceived stigma from family members and society heightened negative implications; predominantly stress and isolation. Coping strategies varied amongst the contrasting sociocultural settings and appeared to differ amongst doctors, nurses and other HCWs. Implemented changes, and suggestions for prevention in the future consistently highlighted the need for greater psychosocial support and clearer dissemination of disease-related information. CONCLUSION: This review can inform current and future research priorities in the maintenance of wellbeing amongst frontline HCWs. Change needs to start at the level of policy-makers to offer an enhanced variety of supports to HCWs who play a critical role during largescale disease outbreaks. Psychological implications are largely negative and require greater attention to be mitigated, potentially through the involvement of psychologists, raised awareness and better education. The current knowledge of therapeutic interventions suggests they could be beneficial but more long-term follow-up is needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354620301095?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100144 id: cord-024378-po1bu4v3 author: CHAKRABORTY, Sweta title: How Risk Perceptions, Not Evidence, Have Driven Harmful Policies on COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 1444.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024378-po1bu4v3.txt summary: 17, 18 Research shows that media coverage of a public health risk such as COVID-19 can introduce particular risk characteristics that influence public perceptions and therefore become a factor in itself in how the risk is viewed. This along with the social amplification of risk amplifies risk perceptions and can result in the inaccurate overemphasis of primary public health impacts. Specifically, a proactive risk communication plan ahead of an outbreak would have allowed for clear, consistent communication that would have quelled public fears and presumably have allowed evidence-based containment and mitigation policies to take hold. 26 The ripple effects of the policies put in place to mitigate against the primary public health impacts of COVID-19 may very well produce a worse overall outcomes picture. It is evident that existing risk communication research has not been consistently consulted in managing the COVID-19 outbreak, nor has a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis been conducted to prevent worse overall outcomes. abstract: COVID-19 hits all of the cognitive triggers for how the lay public misjudges risk. Robust findings from the field of risk perception have identified unique characteristics of a risk that allow for greater attribution of frequency and probability than is likely to be aligned with the base-rate statistics of the risk. COVID-19 embodies these features. It is unfamiliar, invisible, dreaded, potentially endemic, involuntary, disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations such as the elderly and has the potential for widespread catastrophe. When risks with such characteristics emerge, it is imperative for there to be trust between those in governance and communication and the lay public in order to quell public fears. This is not the environment in which COVID-19 has emerged, potentially resulting in even greater perceptions of risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7200839/ doi: 10.1017/err.2020.37 id: cord-326169-delehk6x author: CJ Jorgensen, Sarah title: Baricitinib: A review of pharmacology, safety and emerging clinical experience in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-15 words: 2704.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326169-delehk6x.txt summary: The lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor patients'' immune status as illness evolves complicates deployment of immunosuppressive drugs like baricitinib. In this article we review available data on baricitinib with an emphasis on immunosuppressive and antiviral pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety and current progress in COVID‐19 clinical trials. In population PK analyses, body weight did not have a clinically meaningful 250 impact on baricitinib clearance, however obese RA patients have been reported to have lower 251 response rates. Thrombocytosis Accepted Article 499 treatment strategies aimed at attenuating both pathogen virulence and the pro-inflammatory 500 phenotype seen in the many critically ill patients with COVID-19. 5, 9, 12, 13, 20, 56 As detailed in this 501 review, baricitinib pairs immunosuppressive properties with antiviral activity making it a logical 502 candidate for further evaluation in COVID-19 clinical trials . Baricitinib therapy in 626 COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact Impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated 662 inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients abstract: A hyperinflammatory response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, reminiscent of cytokine release syndrome, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ damage in patients with COVID‐19. Agents that inhibit components of the pro‐inflammatory cascade have garnered interest as potential treatment options with hopes that dampening the pro‐inflammatory process may improve clinical outcomes. Baricitinib is a reversible Janus‐associated kinase (JAK)‐inhibitor that interrupts the signaling of multiple cytokines implicated in COVID‐19 immunopathology. It may also have antiviral effects by targeting host factors that viruses rely for cell entry and by suppressing type I interferon driven angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme‐2 up regulation. However, baricitinib’s immunosuppressive effects may be detrimental during acute viral infections by delaying viral clearance and increasing vulnerability to secondary opportunistic infections. The lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor patients’ immune status as illness evolves complicates deployment of immunosuppressive drugs like baricitinib. Furthermore, baricitinib carries the risk of increased thromboembolic events which is concerning given the proclivity towards a hyper‐coagulable state in COVID‐19 patients. In this article we review available data on baricitinib with an emphasis on immunosuppressive and antiviral pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety and current progress in COVID‐19 clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2438 doi: 10.1002/phar.2438 id: cord-286341-16tghl48 author: CONCHA-MEJIA, A. title: CCOFEE-GI Study: Colombian COVID19 First Experience in Gastroentrology. Characterization of digestive manifestations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a highly complex institution in Bogota D.C., Colombia date: 2020-07-24 words: 2012.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286341-16tghl48.txt summary: In Colombia, the first case was diagnosed on March 6, 2020 , with exponential progressive growth, and there were >200,000 confirmed cases as of July 20, 2020, in this cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study, we focused on the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a highly complex institution in Latinamerica, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: We included 72 patients RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 (34 women and 38 men) with age 47.5 17.7 years; 17 (23.6%) presented at least one of the gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and/or diarrhea). In this study, we focused on the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a highly complex institution in Bogota, Colombia, with special emphasis on the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. abstract: The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed an important threat to the human health, healthcare systems, economy, and structure of societies. In Colombia, the first case was diagnosed on March 6, 2020 , with exponential progressive growth, and there were >200,000 confirmed cases as of July 20, 2020, in this cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study, we focused on the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at a highly complex institution in Latinamerica, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected, results related to the outcomes such as hospitalization time, admission to ICU, need for orotracheal intubation, and death were also included. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software V.15. Results: We included 72 patients RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 (34 women and 38 men) with age 47.5 17.7 years; 17 (23.6%) presented at least one of the gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and/or diarrhea). 13 (76.47%) presented with diarrhea, 29.41% with nausea/vomiting, and five (29.41%) with abdominal pain. Diarrhea in 18.06% of all those infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the time of consultation, which was the most common digestive symptom. No significant differences were observed in requirement for endotracheal intubation, hospitalization, ICU admission, and fatal outcome between the NGIS and GIS groups (p:0.671, 0.483, 1,000, and 1,000). Conclusion: In our study, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had no significant differences in disease severity, admission to ICU or death compared to those who did not have such symptoms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.24.20161604v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161604 id: cord-315149-71bmj5il author: Caballero Bermejo, Antonio F. title: Sarilumab versus standard of care for the early treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized patients: SARTRE: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-09-16 words: 11227.0 sentences: 612.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315149-71bmj5il.txt summary: The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an earlier therapeutic intervention with sarilumab plus SOC (including corticosteroids) may be more effective than current standard of care alone, in preventing progression to respiratory failure in COVID-19 infected patients with interstitial pneumonia. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an earlier therapeutic intervention with sarilumab plus SOC may be more effective than current standard of care alone, which according to our local protocol includes weight adjusted corticosteroids doses, in preventing progression to respiratory failure in COVID-19 infected patients with interstitial pneumonia. Patients randomized to the control arm (CS + SOC group without sarilumab) progressing to severe respiratory failure fulfilling criteria for treatment with anti-IL6 inhibitors according to clinical practice guidelines, as defined by the presence of Brescia-COVID SARTRE STUDY EudraCT Number: 2020-002037-15 Version 2.0 (May 05th 2020) Scale 2-3 plus inflammatory markers, will be offered the option to be rescued with sarilumab at the same doses and be included in an open-label follow-up phase. abstract: OBJECTIVES: In some patients, acute, life-threatening respiratory injury produced by viruses such as SARS-CoV and other viral pneumonia are associated with an over-exuberant cytokine release. Elevated levels of blood IL-6 had been identified as a one of the risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Anti-IL6 inhibitors are among the therapeutic armamentarium for preventing the fatal consequences of acute respiratory and multi organ failure in around 20% of the COVID-19 infected patients. At present, their use is prioritized to patients with severe interstitial pneumonia (Brescia-COVID Scale-COVID 2-3) with hyperinflammation as determined by the presence of elevated IL6 and/or d-dimer, or progressive d-dimer increase, in patients who otherwise are subsidiary to ICU admission. However, many uncertainties remain on the actual role of anti-IL6 inhibitors in this setting, and whether current use and timing is the right one. There is the hypothesis that the use of anti-IL6 inhibitors at an earlier state during the hyperinflammatory syndrome would be beneficial and may avoid progressing to ARDS. On the other hand, the standard of care has changed and nowadays the use of corticosteroids has become part of the SOC in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our limited experience suggests that better treatment outcomes can be achieved when combining IL6-inhibitors (e.g. sarilumab) with corticosteroids. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an earlier therapeutic intervention with sarilumab plus SOC (including corticosteroids) may be more effective than current standard of care alone, in preventing progression to respiratory failure in COVID-19 infected patients with interstitial pneumonia. This study will also provide supportive evidence to that provided by currently ongoing studies on the efficacy and safety of sarilumab in this clinical context. TRIAL DESIGN: A phase two multi-center randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms (1:1 ratio). PARTICIPANTS: They will be hospitalized patients, of at least 18 years of age, with severe COVID-19 who have positive RT-PCR test and have radiographic evidence of pulmonary infiltrates by imaging or rales/crackles on exam and SpO2 ≤ 94% on room air that requires supplemental oxygen. Patients must present elevation of inflammatory parameters (IL-6 > 40 pg/mL or d-dimer >1.0 mcg/ml) or, alternatively, progressive worsening in at least two of these inflammatory parameters in the prior 24-48h: CRP, LDH, serum ferritin, lymphopenia, or d-dimer. Exclusion criteria: high oxygen requirements (including face mask with reservoir, non-invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow nasal cannula, or mechanical ventilation), admission to ICU, pregnancy or lactation, allergy or hypersensitivity to sarilumab or corticoesteroids, immunosuppressive antibody therapy within the past 5 months, AST/ALT values > 10 x ULN, neutropenia (< 0.5 x 109/L), severe thrombocytopenia (< 50 x 109/L), sepsis caused by an alternative pathogen, diverticulitis with risk of perforation or ongoing infectious dermatitis. The study will be conducted in several hospitals in Spain. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Patients randomised to the experimental arm will receive sarilumab + methylprednisolone plus SOC for COVID-19. Patients included in the control arm will receive methylprednisolone plus SOC for COVID-19. Corticosteroids will be given to all patients at a 1mg/kg/d of methylprednisolone for at least 3 days. Clinical follow-up visits will be performed at 3, 5, and 15 days after treatment randomization. Patients in the control group (SOC group without sarilumab) progressing to Brescia- COVID 2-3 plus inflammatory markers, will be given the option to be rescued with sarilumab at the same doses and, in that case, be included in an open-label phase and be followed up for additional weeks (with visits at 3, 7 and 15 days after sarilumab rescue administration). Patients randomly assigned to sarilumab therapy at baseline progressing to Brescia-COVID 2-3 will be rescued according to local clinical practice protocols. A final follow-up visit will be conducted for all patients at day 29 from randomization, regardless of initial treatment assignment. MAIN OUTCOMES: Primary end point is the proportion of patients progressing to either severe respiratory failure (Brescia-COVID ≥2), ICU admission, or death. RANDOMIZATION: Randomization codes were produced by means of the PROC PLAN of the SAS system, with a 1:1 assignment ratio, stratifying by centre and using blocks multiple of 2 elements. The randomization schedule will be managed through the eCRF in a concealed manner. BLINDING (MASKING): All study drugs will be administered as open label. No blinding methods will be used in this trial. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SIMPLE SIZE): The target sample size will be 200 COVID-19 patients, who will be allocated randomly to control arm (100) and treatment arm (100). TRIAL STATUS: Protocol Code: SARTRE Protocol Date: May 05th 2020. Version: 2.0 The study has been approved by the Spanish Competent Authority (AEMPS) as a low intervention clinical trial. Start of recruitment: August, 2020 End of recruitment: May, 2021 TRIAL REGISTRATION: Identifier: EudraCT Number: 2020-002037-15; Registration date: 26 May 2020. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2). url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04633-3 doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04633-3 id: cord-313829-pjscmen8 author: Caballero, A.E. title: COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus date: 2020-07-06 words: 4355.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313829-pjscmen8.txt summary: The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. It is difficult to predict but some indicators are available from the model of Harpreet In summary, while overall mortality due to COVID-19 is lower in India than in other countries, the elderly population, where most patients with diabetes, hypertension and CVD are concentrated, remains at high risk. Although it is clear that this option of care is not available to most people around the world, exploring how to improve the communication between providers and patients and families at home, in their own communities facing day to day challenges, may prove to be a more effective approach to managing the disease well beyond the COVID pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has added an enormous toll to the existing challenge of diabetes care world-wide. A large proportion of patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and/or succumbing to the disease have had diabetes and other chronic conditions as underlying risk factors. In particular, individuals belonging to racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. and other countries have been significantly and disproportionately impacted. Multiple and complex socioeconomic factors have long played a role in increasing the risk for diabetes and now for COVID-19. Since the pandemic began, the global healthcare community has accumulated invaluable clinical experience on providing diabetes care in the setting of COVID-19. In addition, understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that link these two diseases is being developed. The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. Notably, this worldwide experience offers us the possibility to not only prepare better for future disasters but also transform diabetes care beyond the COVID-19 era. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1056872720304335 doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671 id: cord-320331-wtxja5i9 author: Cabbab, Iris Louise N. title: Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Current Knowledge and Potential Effects on Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-10-08 words: 10061.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt summary: It is important to note that since the approach of this paper is to provide current knowledge on the anatomic, physiologic and molecular bases of anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid action on the RAAS, this paper will not demonstrate a systematic review or meta-analysis of current clinical evidence, but will only provide insight on the probable influences of the discussed pathways on early SARS-CoV-2 infection. A correspondence by Fang et al published at The Lancet this March discussed that hypertensives and diabetics taking ACE2 inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) drugs may be at an increased risk of infection and severity by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, respectively, citing three studies wherein diabetes and hypertension were major comorbidities of patients with severe COVID-19 and of non-survivors [20] . abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and is genetically related to the 2003 SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) coronaviruses. Recent studies have reported that similar to SARS-CoV, this strain expresses a spike protein (S) with a receptor binding domain (RBD) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) – an enzyme expressed mostly in the endothelium, kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract and lungs – to facilitate viral entry and intracellular replication. Incidentally, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is integral to physiologic control of both ACE and ACE2 expression, and is an essential system utilized by SARS-CoV-2, albeit with varying schools of thought on how it can affect viral entry. In this paper, we will review current knowledge on the RAAS and how it can be affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid use at the organ and cellular levels. We will then discuss the relevance of these interactions on organ-specific ACE2 expression, and provide scientific insights on how this mechanism can potentially affect SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early phases of disease. From the standpoint of other known viruses, we will then aim to discuss the potential uses or restrictions of these drugs in viral infection, and provide an update on relevant studies about COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198190 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198190 id: cord-352668-qjlqsb2k author: Cabello, Francisco title: Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 4834.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352668-qjlqsb2k.txt summary: Sexual activity offers numerous advantages for physical and mental health but maintains inherent risks in a pandemic situation, such as the current one caused by SARS-CoV-2. A group of experts from the Spanish Association of Sexuality and Mental Health (AESexSAME) has reached a consensus on recommendations to maintain lower-risk sexual activity, depending on one''s clinical and partner situations, based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2. In all other cases (for those under quarantine, those with some clinical symptoms, health professionals in contact with COVID-19 patients, and during pregnancy), abstaining from coital/oral/anal sex, substituting it with masturbatory or virtual sexual activity to provide maximum protection from the contagion, and increasing the benefits inherent to sexual activity are recommended. Due to the ease of contagion and the lack of information about the possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a group of experts from the Spanish Association for Sexuality and Mental Health, covering the fields of sexology, psychiatry, psychology and medicine reached a consensus. abstract: Sexual activity offers numerous advantages for physical and mental health but maintains inherent risks in a pandemic situation, such as the current one caused by SARS-CoV-2. A group of experts from the Spanish Association of Sexuality and Mental Health (AESexSAME) has reached a consensus on recommendations to maintain lower-risk sexual activity, depending on one’s clinical and partner situations, based on the current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2. Different situations are included in the recommendations: a sexual partner passing quarantine without any symptoms, a sexual partner that has not passed quarantine, a sexual partner with some suspicious symptoms of COVID-19, a positive sexual partner with COVID-19, a pregnant sexual partner, a health professional partner in contact with COVID-19 patients, and people without a sexual partner. The main recommendations include returning to engaging in safe sex after quarantine is over (28 days based on the duration one can carry SARS-CoV-2, or 33 days for those who are >60 years old) and all parties are asymptomatic. In all other cases (for those under quarantine, those with some clinical symptoms, health professionals in contact with COVID-19 patients, and during pregnancy), abstaining from coital/oral/anal sex, substituting it with masturbatory or virtual sexual activity to provide maximum protection from the contagion, and increasing the benefits inherent to sexual activity are recommended. For persons without a partner, not initiating sexual activity with a sporadic partner is strongly recommended. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698369/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9072297 id: cord-258891-iogn24iu author: Cabona, Corrado title: Epilepsy course during COVID-19 pandemic in three Italian epilepsy centers date: 2020-08-25 words: 2523.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258891-iogn24iu.txt summary: With the aim of managing epilepsy in quarantined patients, three Italian Epilepsy Centers set up telephone consultations using a semistructured interview, allowing a prospective collection of data on seizure course and other seizure-related problems during pandemic. With the aim of managing epilepsy in quarantined patients during COVID-19 pandemic, three Italian Epilepsy Centers set up telephone consultations using a semistructured interview, allowing collection of data on seizure course during pandemic. To address the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on seizure incidence in an emergency setting, data collection included the number of EEG exams performed during a quarantine period (from March 1st to April 30th) for first unprovoked seizures, relapse seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) in the Emergency Department and intensive care unit (ICU) of one of the participating centers (Ospedale San Martino, Genova). Clinical telephone interviews confirmed the absence of COVID-19 quarantine effect on epilepsy course in our cohort, since we did not find any significant change in seizure frequency during that period compared with a control period. abstract: During epidemic outbreaks, epilepsy course can be modified by different physical and psychological stressors and, most importantly, by irregular therapy intake. The effect of COVID-19 and quarantine isolation on the course of epilepsy and on incidence of new-onset seizures is still unclear. With the aim of managing epilepsy in quarantined patients, three Italian Epilepsy Centers set up telephone consultations using a semistructured interview, allowing a prospective collection of data on seizure course and other seizure-related problems during pandemic. The collected data on seizure course were compared with the analogous period of 2019. The level of patients' concern relating to the COVID-19 pandemic was also assessed using a numeric rating scale. To address the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on seizure incidence, data collection included the number of consultations for first seizures, relapse seizures, and status epilepticus (SE) in the emergency department of one of the participating centers. Clinical telephone interviews suggest the absence of quarantine effect on epilepsy course in our cohort. No differences in incidence of emergency consultations for seizures over a two-month period were also observed compared with a control period. As demonstrated in other infective outbreaks, good antiepileptic drug (AED) supplying, precise information, and reassurance are the most important factors in chronic conditions to minimize psychological and physical stress, and to avoid unplanned treatment interruptions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32858368/ doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107375 id: cord-315116-u7btx7nt author: Cabrera-Tasayco, Fiorella del Pilar title: Biosafety Measures at the Dental Office After the Appearance of COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-27 words: 2888.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315116-u7btx7nt.txt summary: A search was conducted in the main databases of the scientific literature using the words "COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-Cov2, biosecurity, disinfection and dentistry." We analyzed biosecurity and disinfection standards at the dental office and dental health personnel to date, and their adaptation to the needs and way of working of each. 8 In addition, in early April, the American Dental Association (ADA) published guidelines for protective measures in dental offices to maintain biosecurity and thereby minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission before, during, and after dental care. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine the biosecurity measures required in dental offices after the appearance of COVID-19, seeking to provide dental health personnel with updates on the biosecurity and disinfection standards recommended to date, and their adaptation to the needs and ways of working of each. abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine biosecurity measures at the dental office after the appearance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search was conducted in the main databases of the scientific literature using the words “COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-Cov2, biosecurity, disinfection and dentistry.” We analyzed biosecurity and disinfection standards at the dental office and dental health personnel to date, and their adaptation to the needs and way of working of each. As a result, according to the information collected the following procedure was identified: a telephone appointment must be made and a questionnaire should be given before dental care; at arrival to the appointment, the temperature of the patient should be taken and proper cleaning and disinfection of the waiting room should be maintained. Panoramic radiography and CBCT are the auxiliary methods of choice. Absolute isolation and atraumatic restorative therapy techniques are a good alternative to decrease fluid exposure. The removal of protective clothing and accessories must follow a specific order and washing hands before and after is essential. In conclusion, the efficient biosecurity for dentists and patients in all dental care processes before, during, and immediately after the appointment reduces the risk of COVID-19 infection and allows healthy dental care environments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713385/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.269 id: cord-318326-q9fnbg8n author: Cacciapuoti, Sara title: Immunocytometric analysis of COVID patients: A contribution to personalized therapy? date: 2020-08-29 words: 3553.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318326-q9fnbg8n.txt summary: To cast light on immunological and cytological response during SARS-Cov-2 infection, we studied a group of COVID-19 patients during their recovery in a specialized hospital, evaluating either at J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof admission or after 7-day follow-up the levels of serum cytokines and the lymphocyte subpopulation profile. However, some specific subpopulations (i.e., TH1 and activated TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes), seem to be less involved by the exhaustion, because they were not reduced in COVID patients (in some patients they are above J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof the upper reference range) and they showed a trend to increase with the WHO disease stage, partially in agreement with a previous study [6] , confirming that the hyperactivation of CD8 T cells contributes to enhance the severity of the disease [17] . abstract: AIMS: This study aims to cast light on immunocytometric alterations in COVID-19, a potentially fatal viral infection with heterogeneous clinical expression and a not completely defined pathophysiology. METHODS: We studied 35 COVID patients at hospital admission testing by cytofluorimetry a large panel of lymphocyte subpopulations and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A and the soluble receptor of IL-17A (IL-17RA). KEY FINDINGS: At hospital admission, total lymphocytes and most T and B subpopulations were reduced in 50–80% of patients, with close relationship to disease severity. While activated T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 cells resulted normal or higher. Serum IL-6 was increased in all patients, while TNF-α and IL-17A were higher in advanced stages. A patient subset with low severity had very high IL-17RA levels. Tocilizumab treatment caused an increase of IL-17A in 3/6 patients and a reduction in 3 others, while the lymphocyte number increased in 3 patients and did not change in the others. SIGNIFICANCE: Cytofluorimetry revealed a functional exhaustion of most lymphocyte populations in COVID patients not involving activated TH1 and TH17. Consequently, there was a relevant cytokines production that contributes to impair the respiratory inflammation. The increase of TH17 and IL-17 in a subset of cases and the evidence of a significant increase of IL-17RA (that prevents the interaction of IL-17 with the cell receptor) in patients with low severity suggest that some patients could benefit from monoclonal antibodies treatment targeting IL-17 pathway. Immunocytofluorimetric markers may contribute to a personalized therapy in COVID patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32871183/ doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118355 id: cord-287440-xy8o1mhs author: Caci, Barbara title: Neuroticism and Fear of COVID-19. The Interplay Between Boredom, Fantasy Engagement, and Perceived Control Over Time date: 2020-10-13 words: 5207.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287440-xy8o1mhs.txt summary: Our model assigned the boredom to the mediation role and both the fantasy engagement and perceived control of time to the role of moderators in the relationship between neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. Starting from the state of the art above-described, in the current study, we aimed at analyzing the relationship between neuroticism, boredom, the fantasy engagement, the perceived control over time, and the fear of COVID-19 during the phase of social distancing. Specifically, we tested a mediationmoderation model (Figure 1) , assigning the boredom to the mediation role and both the fantasy engagement and perceived control of time to the role of moderators in the relationship between neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. As well, in light of the moderating role of perceived time control on the relationship between boredom and fear of COVID-19, treatment programs in mental health should aim to improve time management strategies in individuals so balancing the negative effect of the association mentioned above. abstract: The Italian government adopted measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection from March 9, 2020, to May 4, 2020 and imposed a phase of social distancing and self-isolation to all adult citizens. Although justified and necessary, psychologists question the impact of this process of COVID-19 isolation on the mental health of the population. Hence, this paper investigated the relationship between neuroticism, boredom, fantasy engagement, perceived control over time, and the fear of COVID-19. Specifically, we performed a cross-sectional study aimed at testing an integrative moderated mediation model. Our model assigned the boredom to the mediation role and both the fantasy engagement and perceived control of time to the role of moderators in the relationship between neuroticism and the fear of COVID-19. A sample of 301 subjects, mainly women (68.8%), aged between 18 and 57 years (M(age) = 22.12 years; SD = 6.29), participated in a survey conducted in the 1st-week lockdown phase 2 in Italy from May 7 to 18, 2020. Results suggested that neuroticism is crucial in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, in line with literature showing high neurotic people having greater emotional reactivity and scarce resources to manage stress. We also found that people with high neuroticism tend to feel bored, and the relationship between neuroticism and boredom seems enhanced if one is involved in negative fantasies. Therefore, this result could also explain the positive effect between boredom and fear of COVID-19 we found in the current study. However, our data show that perceived control over time moderates the association between boredom and fear toward COVID-19. Having a high perceived control over time allows people to reduce boredom’s effect on fear of COVID-19. In conclusion, we retain that psychological treatment programs could improve the individuals’ perceived control over time to modulate anxiety toward the fear of COVID-19 and promote psychological well-being. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154730/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574393 id: cord-324553-qd8249w3 author: Cadegiani, F. A. title: An open-label prospective observational study of antiandrogen and non-antiandrogen early pharmacological approaches in females with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The Pre-AndroCoV Female Trial. date: 2020-10-06 words: 6393.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324553-qd8249w3.txt summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of any early pharmacological approach to females diagnosed with COVID-19 before seven days of symptoms, as well as investigate whether HA is an additional risk factor in this population. Materials and methods: Females with symptoms for less than seven days confirmed for COVID-19 through positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2) were classified and divided as non-HA, HA, and HA using spironolactone (HA-spiro) groups. Conclusions: A sensitive, early detection of COVID-19 followed by a pharmaceutical approach with different drug combinations yielded irrefutable differences compared to sex-, age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and disease-matched non-treated controls in terms of clinical outcomes, ethically disallowing placebo-control randomized clinical trials in the early stage of COVID-19 due to the marked improvements. Several different molecules demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have been proposed as promising therapies for COVID-19 (13) , among which the most attempted drug combinations included azithromycin in the majority of the cases, in association with hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin or nitazoxanide (13, 14) . abstract: Background: While COVID-19 remains largely unclear and mortality continues to raise, early effective approaches prior to complications lack, as well as researches for characterization and therapeutical potential options in actual early COVID-19. Although females seem to be less affected than females, hyperandrogenic (HA) phenotype, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic hirsutism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) female androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or idiopathic HA may be at higher risk due to its inherent enhanced androgenic activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of any early pharmacological approach to females diagnosed with COVID-19 before seven days of symptoms, as well as investigate whether HA is an additional risk factor in this population. Materials and methods: Females with symptoms for less than seven days confirmed for COVID-19 through positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2) were classified and divided as non-HA, HA, and HA using spironolactone (HA-spiro) groups. Patients were questioned for baseline characteristics, 23 different diseases, 44 drug classes and vaccines, 28 different symptoms, and eight different parameters to measure COVID-19 related clinical outcomes. Treatment was then provided, including azithromycin 500mg/day for five days in all cases, associated with hydroxychloroquine 400mg/day for five days, nitazoxanide 500mg twice a day for six days, or ivermectin 0.2mg/kg/day por three days, and optionally spironolactone 100mg twice a day until cure. Patients were assessed for COVID-19 clinical course, clinical and viral duration, and disease progression. Results: In total, 270 females were enrolled, including 195, 67, and eight in non-HA, HA, and HA-spiro groups, respectively. Prevailing symptoms were anosmia (71.1%), ageusia (67.0%), headache (48.1%), myalgia (37.4%), dry cough (36.3%), nasal congestion or rhinorrhea (34.1%), fatigue (33.3%), weakness (29.5%), hyporexia (27.8%), thoracic pain (24.8%), diarrhea (24.1%) and dizziness (21.5%). Earliest symptoms (days) were dizziness (1.0 +- 0.2 day), abdominal pain (1.1 +- 0.3); conjunctival hyperemia (1.1 +- 0.5), nasal congestion or rhinorrhea (1.2 +- 0.5), headache (1.2 +- 0.5), dry cough (1.2 +- 61617; 0.5), myalgia (1.2 +- 0.4), nauseas (1.3 +- 0.5) and weakness (1.3 +- 0.5). Time-to-treat, positive rtPCR, and duration of symptoms with and without anosmia and ageusia were significantly lower in HA-spiro than non-HA, HA, and overall non-users. Time-to-treat was similar while all duration of symptoms and positive rtPCR-SARS-CoV-2 were significantly shorter in non-HA than HA. Spironolactone users were more likely to be asymptomatic than non-users during COVID-19. Fewer non-HA than HA females were affected by anosmia, ageusia, dry cough, fatigue, weakness and hyporexia. Ageusia, weakness and myalgia lasted shorter in non-HA than HA. None of the patients needed hospitalization or any other COVID-19 complication. Conclusions: A sensitive, early detection of COVID-19 followed by a pharmaceutical approach with different drug combinations yielded irrefutable differences compared to sex-, age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and disease-matched non-treated controls in terms of clinical outcomes, ethically disallowing placebo-control randomized clinical trials in the early stage of COVID-19 due to the marked improvements. HA females presented more severe and prolonged clinical manifestations, although none progressed to worse outcomes. Spironolactone mitigated the additional risks due to HA. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20206870 id: cord-284873-m1ehdydr author: Cadegiani, Flavio A. title: Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 2536.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284873-m1ehdydr.txt summary: title: Spironolactone: An Anti-androgenic and Anti-hypertensive Drug That May Provide Protection Against the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, mortality following infection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was thought to be solely associated with aging and pre-existing conditions; however, as the pandemic ensued, several large scale epidemiological observations eluded to additional atypical risk factors, particularly hypertension, obesity, and male gender (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) . The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) has been shown to be central in COVID-19, since three of the key modulators of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity-angiotensin 1-7, ACE2, and AT1-belong to the RAAS, in addition to the TMPRSS2 expression (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) . Abnormal ACE2 expression, angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 imbalance, and TMPRSS2 androgen-mediated overactivity seem to be key regulators of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, in accordance with epidemiological observations of hypertension, obesity, and male sex as being major risk factors. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00453 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00453 id: cord-284573-w0sk622m author: Caduff, Carlo title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date: 2020-07-21 words: 9277.0 sentences: 517.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284573-w0sk622m.txt summary: Published by a group of experts without peer review on an institutional website, the report compared Covid-19 with the great pandemic of 1918, which killed over 50 million people worldwide and suggested, without any evidence, that SARS-CoV-2 was "a virus with comparable lethality to H1N1 influenza in 1918." 1 Most frightening in all this was not so much the lethality of the SARS-CoV-2 virus but the license to rush forward with predictions, abandon basic standards of science, and make dramatic claims to scare people. This extreme and unprecedented blanket approach systematically imposed on entire populations was driven by a number of factors that variously prevailed in different countries across the world: a growing sense of panic, constant media sensationalism, deep authoritarian longings, increasing political pressure to contain the spread of the virus, disturbing accounts of overwhelmed hospitals unable to cope with the surge of patients, misleading mortality calculations, and, most importantly, a trust in the power of mathematical disease modeling. abstract: This article examines the global response to the Covid‐19 pandemic. It argues that we urgently need to look beyond the virus if we want to understand the real seriousness of what is happening today. How did we end up in a space of thinking, acting, and feeling that has normalized extremes and is based on the assumption that biological life is an absolute value separate from politics? The author suggests that today's fear is fueled by mathematical disease modeling, neoliberal health policies, nervous media reporting, and authoritarian longings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692890/ doi: 10.1111/maq.12599 id: cord-269563-2979u47a author: Caetano Silva-Filho, José title: The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions date: 2020-08-02 words: 4614.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269563-2979u47a.txt summary: Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell. to cell receptors, as well as (ii) the biochemical aspects of ABO blood group system and its association to infection and some circulatory conditions, we hypothesize that the influence of blood type on COVID-19 severity relies on the differential clustering of glycoproteins receptors to SARS-CoV-2 on host cell surface, induced by ABH antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions with the glycan portions of these receptors, which could modulate virus binding to the target cell. abstract: The world is experiencing one of the most difficult moments in history with the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus. Virus infectivity is mediated by the binding of Spike transmembrane glycoprotein to specific protein receptors present on cell host surface. Spike is a homotrimer that emerges from the virion, each monomer containing two subunits named S1 and S2, which are related to cell recognition and membrane fusion, respectively. S1 is subdivided in domains S1A (or NTD) and S1B (or RBD), with experimental and in silico studies suggesting that the former binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, such as CD147, whereas the latter binds to ACE2 receptor. Recent findings indicate that the ABO blood system modulates susceptibility and progression of infection, with type-A individuals being more susceptible to infection and/or manifestation of a severe condition. Seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this susceptibility, we carried out an extensive bibliographic survey on the subject. Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell. This model could explain previous sparse observations on the molecular mechanism of infection and can direct future research to better understand of COVID-19 pathophysiology. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720322581 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110155 id: cord-323940-ubazgvov author: Cafiero, Concetta title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 words: 7359.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt summary: Recently, pharmacogenomics (the effects of a single genetic marker) and pharmacogenetics (the collective influence of variability across the genome to modulate an individual''s drug response) have received great attention for their abilities to provide a new way to select drugs for personalized therapy (optimal dosing for maximizing drug efficacy or minimizing the risk of toxicity). 35 Search terms were "Covid-19", "novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV2", "pharmacogenetics", "treatment/s", "adverse side effects", "therapy", "lung", "ocular", "pulmonary infection", "drugs", "drug response", "virus", "candidate drugs", "potential inhibitors", "protease inhibitors", "personalized medicine", "individual therapy", "pneumonia", "ACE", "heparin", "vasculitis", "conjunctivitis", "rhinitis", "hematological complication" and "main metabolic routes", either alone or in combination. Drugs in use as routine therapy or in clinical trials for Covid-19 include steroids and antiviral and biological humanized neutralizing antibodies against some proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1, IL6, IFN, and TNFα, in addition to supportive measures and symptomatic treatment, according to the severity of the disease. abstract: The latest developments in precision medicine allow the modulation of therapeutic approaches in different pathologies on the basis of the specific molecular characterization of the patient. This review of the literature coupled with in silico analysis was to provide a selected screening of interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drugs (repurposed, investigational, and biological agents) showing efficacy and toxicityin counteracting Covid-19 infection. In silico analysis of genetic variants related to each drug was performed on such databases as PharmGKB, Ensembl Genome Browser, www.drugs.com, and SNPedia, with an extensive literature review of papers (to May 10, 2020) on Covid-19 treatments using Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PharmGKB, and Google Scholar. The clinical relevance of SNPs, known as both drug targets and markers, considering genetic variations with known drug responses, and the therapeutic consequences are discussed. In the context of clinical treatment of Covid-19, including infection prevention, control measures, and supportive care, this review highlights the importance of a personalized approach in the final selection of therapy, which is probably essential in the management of the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s270069 doi: 10.2147/pgpm.s270069 id: cord-342185-2umby2l8 author: Cai, Qi title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study date: 2020-07-02 words: 4037.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342185-2umby2l8.txt summary: title: The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: a case-control study RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6% vs 34.0%, adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7% vs 7.4%, adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3% vs 10.1%, adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8% vs 29.1%, adjusted OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. The present study attempted to compare the immediate psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. The mental health status of medical workers presented in the current study prompts the need for appropriate measures and timely treatment for COVID-19-related psychological problems. The present study highlighted the mental health problems and unmet needs of medical workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, especially among frontline medical workers. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease with high transmissibility and morbidity. It has caused substantial mental distress to medical professionals. We aimed to compare the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak between frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. METHODS: This case-control study recruited 1173 frontline and 1173 age- and sex-matched non-frontline medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak (February 11 to 26, 2020). A set of online questionnaires were used to measure mental problems (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and depressive symptoms), and help-seeking behavior and treatment for these mental problems. RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6% vs 34.0%, adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7% vs 7.4%, adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3% vs 10.1%, adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8% vs 29.1%, adjusted OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. No significant difference was observed in terms of suicidal ideation (12.0% vs 9.0%, adjusted OR=1.25, 95% CI=0.92-1.71), help-seeking (4.5% vs 4.5%, adjusted OR=1.00, 95% CI=0.53-1.87) or treatment (3.4% vs 2.3%, adjusted OR=1.38, 95% CI=0.54-3.52) for mental problems. LIMITATIONS: The case-control nature of the data precludes causal inferences, and there is a possibility of bias related to self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline medical workers had more mental problems but comparable help-seeking behaviors and treatment for these problems than non-frontline medical workers. These findings highlight the timely mental support and intervention for medical workers, especially for those on the frontline. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32734910/ doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031 id: cord-312632-g4250q6l author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children date: 2020-05-12 words: 4647.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312632-g4250q6l.txt summary: Five patients with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation were hospitalized from the emergency department, and were later confirmed to have COVID-19, between 23 January and 20 February 2020, at the Wuhan Children''s Hospital. Severe COVID-19 was defined when the pediatric patients Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; WHO, World Health Organization; ICTV, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; CT, computed tomography; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; NK, natural killer; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; IL, interleukin; EEG, electroencephalogram; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2. This might explain why case 3, who was admitted with head trauma but with no respiratory symptoms, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and his lung CT scan showed pneumonia. abstract: An outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, which then rapidly spread to more than 80 countries. However, detailed information on the characteristics of COVID-19 in children is still scarce. Five patients with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation were hospitalized from the emergency department, and were later confirmed to have COVID-19, between 23 January and 20 February 2020, at the Wuhan Children's Hospital. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection was positive for all the patients. Four of the patients were male and one was female, and their ages ranged from 2-months to 5.6 years. All lived in Wuhan. One patient had a clear history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, one had a suspected history of exposure, while the others had no exposure history. For three of the five patients, the primary onset disease required an emergency operation or treatment, and included intussusception, acute suppurative appendicitis perforation with local peritonitis, and traumatic subdural hemorrhage with convulsion, while for the other two it was acute gastroenteritis (including one patient with hydronephrosis and a stone in his left kidney). During the course of the disease, four of the five patients had a fever, whereas one case had no fever or cough. Two patients had leukopenia, and one also had lymphopenia. In the two cases of severe COVID-19, the levels of CRP, PCT, serum ferritin, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly increased, whereas the numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD16 + CD56 natural killer cells were decreased. We also found impaired liver, kidney, and myocardial functions; the presence of hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia; and, in one case, abnormal coagulation function. Except for one patient who had a rotavirus infection, all patients tested negative for common pathogens, including the influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella. Chest CT images of all the patients showed patches or ground-glass opacities in the lung periphery or near the pleura, even large consolidations. This case series is the first report to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation in children. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00258 doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00258 id: cord-330198-pwkxgbxk author: Cai, Xiaofang title: Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 words: 4287.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330198-pwkxgbxk.txt summary: All febrile or suspected COVID-19 cases were referred to the fever clinic, and the others-including critically ill children-were received by the emergency department after pediatric 5-level triage. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of these children admitted from the emergency department to characterize thoroughly the features of COVID-19 that can be evaluated to distinguish this novel disease from pneumonia caused by other pathogens in pediatric patients. Owing to the parents'' fear that their children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, the median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was shorter for confirmed COVID-19 cases (2.0 days) than that for suspected COVID-19 cases (3.0 days) and non-COVID-19 cases (4.0 days) (P < 0.05). Moreover, serologic testing can serve as an important adjunctive method for COVID-19 diagnosis, especially when the patient is highly suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection but is found to be negative by nucleic acid testing. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumonia (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID-19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID-19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 and is accessible for authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7 id: cord-348976-hgty4t7c author: Cai, Yi title: Otolaryngology Resident Practices and Perceptions in the Initial Phase of the U.S. COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 3792.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348976-hgty4t7c.txt summary: The high viral loads in the nasal 11 and oropharyngeal mucosa, along with our current understanding of the route of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) transmission 12 and anecdotal reports of disease transmission during aerosolizing procedures, place otolaryngologists at a higher risk for contracting COVID-19. 14, 15 Recent recommendations from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) and Society of University Otolaryngologists (SUO) necessitated changes to resident clinical responsibilities, rotation schedules, and PPE guidelines during this pandemic. Lastly, participants were asked about their concerns, satisfaction with their department response, and perceived level of risk for residents and attendings for contracting COVID-19. Satisfaction level was strongly correlated with comfort in communicating their concerns (r = 0.72, P < .00001) and inversely correlated with resident perception of increased risk of contracting COVID-19 relative to attendings (r = −0.52, P < .00001). abstract: OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had widespread implications on clinical practice at U.S. hospitals. These changes are particularly relevant to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents because reports suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 for otolaryngologists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate OHNS residency program practice changes and characterize resident perceptions during the initial phase of the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: A cross‐sectional survey of U.S. OHNS residents at 81 programs was conducted between March 23, 2020, and March 29, 2020. RESULTS: Eighty‐two residents from 51 institutions (63% of invited programs) responded. At the time of survey, 98% of programs had enacted policy changes to minimize COVID‐19 spread. These included filtered respirator use for aerosol‐generating procedures even in COVID‐19‐negative patients (85%), decreased resident staffing of surgeries (70%), and reduced frequency of tracheotomy care (61%). The majority of residents (66%) perceived that residents were at higher risk of contracting COVID‐19 compared to attendings. Residents were most concerned about protective equipment shortage (93%) and transmitting COVID‐19 to patients (90%). The majority of residents (73%) were satisfied with their department's COVID‐19 response. Resident satisfaction correlated with comfort level in discussing concerns with attendings (r = 0.72, P < .00001) and inversely correlated with perceptions of increased risk compared to attendings (r = −0.52, P < .00001). CONCLUSION: U.S. OHNS residency programs implemented policy changes quickly in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Sources of resident anxieties demonstrate the importance of open communication and an integrated team approach to facilitate optimal patient and provider care during this unprecedented crisis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2020 url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28733 doi: 10.1002/lary.28733 id: cord-132051-pb4ppdlm author: Cai, Yong title: The 2020 Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 1848.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-132051-pb4ppdlm.txt summary: Our baseline estimate suggests a one standard deviation increase in Sturgis attendance increased COVID-19 case growth by 1.1pp in the weeks after the rally. 2 This paper studies the effect of the Sturgis rally on subsequent COVID-19 case growth in the home counties of rally attendees. Combining this information with county-level COVID-19 case data from the New York Times we find that counties with relatively more rally attendees have higher COVID-19 case growth rates in the weeks following the rally. Column 1 of table 1 shows that a 1pp increase in Sturgis attendance increased growth in COVID-19 cases by 11pp on average in the weeks following the Rally. We examine the effect of the Sturgis Rally on COVID-19 case growth in the United States. We find counties with relatively more rally attendees experienced higher COVID-19 case growth in subsequent weeks. Other studies that have found large public gatherings do not affect case growth point to offsetting behavior that reduced possible COVID-19 transmission following the event. abstract: The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally that took place from August 7-16 was one of the largest public gatherings since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. Over 460,000 visitors from across the United States travelled to Sturgis, South Dakota to attend the ten day event. Using anonymous cell phone tracking data we identify the home counties of visitors to the rally and examine the impact of the rally on the spread of COVID-19. Our baseline estimate suggests a one standard deviation increase in Sturgis attendance increased COVID-19 case growth by 1.1pp in the weeks after the rally. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.04917v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-332074-s824m91f author: Caillet, Anaëlle title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on ICU Caregivers date: 2020-09-29 words: 2455.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332074-s824m91f.txt summary: SUBJECT AND PURPOSE: Just as every pandemic, COVID-19 could lead to emotional and psychological disturbances among caregivers, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where significant stress related to the influx of patients, exposure to the virus and the lack of documentation on this new SARS occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was proposed to the persons working in 5 ICUs of a French teaching hospital (April 8 to April 21, 2020). The health care teams have an increased risk of developing psychological disorders during a pandemic such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, anger, fear, guilt, irritability, frustration, and sleep disturbance (5) . The independent risk factors for developing anxiety syndrome were being assigned in COVID-19 + ICU, and not be trained in intensive care Classically, 13% of ICU professionals are anxious and 4% are depressed (13) . abstract: SUBJECT AND PURPOSE: Just as every pandemic, COVID-19 could lead to emotional and psychological disturbances among caregivers, especially in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where significant stress related to the influx of patients, exposure to the virus and the lack of documentation on this new SARS occurred. The present study aimed at assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the caregivers at the peak of the “crisis period”. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) was proposed to the persons working in 5 ICUs of a French teaching hospital (April 8 to April 21, 2020). Logistic regression was performed to find independent risk factors for anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTDS). A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The incidence of anxiety and depression were 48% and 16%, respectively. PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) symptoms were present in 27% of respondents. The independent risk factors for developing anxiety syndrome were being assigned in COVID-19 + ICU (OR = 2.081 [95% confident interval (CI), 1.035-4.184)], and not be trained in intensive care medicine, OR = 2.570 [95% CI, 1.344-4.901]. The independent risk factors for PTSD are having a history of burn-out (OR = 4.591 [95% CI, 1.464-14.397] and not being trained in ICU, (OR = 2.155 [95% CI, 1.047-4.440]). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 could lead to strong impact on ICU workers. These findings should lead to prevention procedures (ICU training sessions) in persons at risk. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352556820302101 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.006 id: cord-303517-8971aq02 author: Cajamarca-Baron, Jairo title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Patients with some Degree of Immunosuppression date: 2020-10-16 words: 9096.0 sentences: 459.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303517-8971aq02.txt summary: 27, 28 Among other comorbidities, chronic kidney disease is associated with in-hospital mortality, as are cancer and cerebrovascular disease, demonstrated through two meta-analyses that included over fifteen thousand patients ( Table 2) ; studies suggest that superficial fungal infections and psoriasis confer vulnerability to COVID-19; a body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2 is an independent risk factor for complications from the infection; and there are discouraging results regarding underlying neurological disease and SARS-CoV-2. It is even possible that such disease-modifying therapies and their immunosuppressive effect may play a protective role during 19-COVID infection by preventing or dampening hyperimmune activity that, in some cases, could lead to clinical deterioration; there is even a report of a patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis receiving treatment with ocrelizumab and becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, in the context of lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinema expected for this type of treatment, without generating major clinical complications, this hypothesis is obviously limited for now only to academic deductions and limited information. abstract: Background It is not clear whether patients with some degree of immunosuppression have worse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to healthy people. Objective To carry out a narrative review of the information available on infection by SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients, especially patients with cancer, transplanted, neurological diseases, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Results Patients with cancer and recent cancer treatment (chemotherapy or surgery) and SARS-CoV-2 infection have a higher risk of worse outcomes. In transplant patients (renal, cardiac and hepatic), with neurological pathologies (multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMODS), myasthenia gravis (MG)), primary immunodeficiencies and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in association with immunosuppressants, studies have shown no tendency for worse outcomes. Conclusion Given the little evidence we have so far, the behaviour of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppressed patients is unclear, but current studies have not shown worse outcomes, except for patients with cancer. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173574320301295 doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2020.08.001 id: cord-354307-9uriite7 author: Cal, Teresa Segura de la title: Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients date: 2020-06-26 words: 1311.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354307-9uriite7.txt summary: title: Unexpected favourable course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients CPETH patients are usually aged and present with comorbidities 1 in contrast with the usual demographics in the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) population. As CTEPH is consequence of thrombus formation, lifelong anticoagulation is mandatory; while treatments to address increased pulmonary pressures include: pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA), and PAH-specific medication 1,2 . Patient 3 was a 46-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CTEPH diagnosed at the age of 43. We considered four main physiopathological pathways potentially involved in this paradoxical behaviour: 1) reduced viral entrance to the pulmonary endothelium, 2) weakened ability to mount a severe inflammatory response, 2) dysregulation of pulmonary vasoactivity and 4) chronic anticoagulation to offset SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300289620302052?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.004 id: cord-273772-nolyx9g3 author: Calder-Gerver, G. D. title: Real-Time Monitoring of COVID-19 in Scotland date: 2020-08-02 words: 2405.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273772-nolyx9g3.txt summary: As lockdown measures took effect and the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 decreased, we required a method to infer the prevailing trajectory of the epidemic from data that were available from Health Protection Scotland (HPS) on a daily basis [1] . Ratios for deaths first fell below 1 on 19 th April, and stayed at around this level for a further two weeks before becoming consistently lower in mid-May. This delayed decline is likely to have been influenced by the fact that the peak for deaths occurred later in care homes than in other settings (Figure 3 ), and also by the increasing proportion of ''tested'' deaths being included in the HPS counts (see Figure 2 , where HPS ratios are noticeably higher than those for NRS in late April and early May). The number of COVID-19 patients in hospital and in ICUs at midnight is reported by NHS health boards on a daily basis. abstract: To manage the public health risk posed by COVID-19 and assess the impact of interventions, policy makers must be able to closely monitor the epidemic's trajectory. Here we present a simple methodology based on basic surveillance metrics for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 and its burden on health services in Scotland. We illustrate how this has been used throughout the epidemic in Scotland and explore the underlying biases that have affected its interpretation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.30.20158790 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20158790 id: cord-140679-r6exuzxs author: Calderon-Ramirez, Saul title: Correcting Data Imbalance for Semi-Supervised Covid-19 Detection Using X-ray Chest Images date: 2020-08-19 words: 7217.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-140679-r6exuzxs.txt summary: In this work we evaluate the performance of the semi-supervised deep learning architecture known as MixMatch using a very limited number of labelled observations and highly imbalanced labelled dataset. This research extends a novel Semi-supervised Deep Learning (SSDL) framework known as MixMatch [10] for the detection of COVID-19 based on chest X-ray images. As typical deep learning architectures require many labelled images, we aim to explore the usage of SSDL for COVID-19 detection using X-ray images, evaluating it under another frequent challenge; data imbalance. We aim to assess MixMatch''s performance under real-world scenarios, specifically medical imaging in the context of a virus outbreak, where small labelled samples are available with a strong under-representation of the new pathology, leading to imbalanced datasets. We also make available a first sample of a chest-X ray dataset from the Costa Rican medical private clinic Imagenes Medicas Dr. Chavarria Estrada, with observations containing no findings, and test its usage for training the SSDL framework. abstract: The Corona Virus (COVID-19) is an internationalpandemic that has quickly propagated throughout the world. The application of deep learning for image classification of chest X-ray images of Covid-19 patients, could become a novel pre-diagnostic detection methodology. However, deep learning architectures require large labelled datasets. This is often a limitation when the subject of research is relatively new as in the case of the virus outbreak, where dealing with small labelled datasets is a challenge. Moreover, in the context of a new highly infectious disease, the datasets are also highly imbalanced,with few observations from positive cases of the new disease. In this work we evaluate the performance of the semi-supervised deep learning architecture known as MixMatch using a very limited number of labelled observations and highly imbalanced labelled dataset. We propose a simple approach for correcting data imbalance, re-weight each observationin the loss function, giving a higher weight to the observationscorresponding to the under-represented class. For unlabelled observations, we propose the usage of the pseudo and augmentedlabels calculated by MixMatch to choose the appropriate weight. The MixMatch method combined with the proposed pseudo-label based balance correction improved classification accuracy by up to 10%, with respect to the non balanced MixMatch algorithm, with statistical significance. We tested our proposed approach with several available datasets using 10, 15 and 20 labelledobservations. Additionally, a new dataset is included among thetested datasets, composed of chest X-ray images of Costa Rican adult patients url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08496v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-031534-agj3nnr8 author: Calderón, José Lemus title: Differentiating characteristics of asthmatic patients in the SARS-CoV2 infection. date: 2020-09-07 words: 293.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031534-agj3nnr8.txt summary: key: cord-031534-agj3nnr8 title: Differentiating characteristics of asthmatic patients in the SARS-CoV2 infection. There are communications that suggest that asthma may be a factor that 7 determines the severity of the COVID 19, compared to others that indicate that it does 8 not imply an increased risk (5) . The prevalence of asthma in Spain is estimated at 6.3% 9 of the population (6), and in a cohort of hospitalized patients in Spain with SARS-CoV-10 2 infection was 8.4% (7) . The main objective of our study was analyze how the SARSCoV-2 infection has affected asthmatic patients in terms of prevalence, morbidity, 12 hospitalization and mortality. Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 in patients in Wuhan Is asthma a risk factor for severe outcomes? Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7476503/ doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.004 id: cord-308271-zzepl3on author: Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia title: COVID-19: risk accumulation among biologically and socially vulnerable older populations date: 2020-08-17 words: 2534.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308271-zzepl3on.txt summary: Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults'' vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future. Insert table 2 here Similarly, preliminary analyses based on publicly available data from Stockholm region (Sweden) show differences in excess mortality for COVID-19 across community measures of country of birth, median income and education one month after the outbreak (Figure 1 ). We propose a conceptual framework addressing biological and social differences in COVID-19 burden developed specifically for older people, considering potential disparities in its prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences (Figure 2 ). abstract: Emerging data show that the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 are being disproportionately borne by individuals who are not only biologically, but also socially vulnerable. Based on preliminary data from Sweden and other reports, in this paper we propose a conceptual framework whereby different factors related to biological and social vulnerability may explain the specific COVID-19 burden among older people. There is already some evidence showing large social disparities in the prevention, treatment, prognosis and/or long-term consequences of COVID-19. The remaining question is to what extent these affect older adults specifically. We provide the rationale to address this question with scientific methods and proper study designs, where the interplay between individuals’ biomedical status and their social environment is the focus. Only through interdisciplinary research integrating biological, clinical and social data will we be able to provide new insights into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and inform actions aimed at reducing older adults’ vulnerability to COVID-19 or other similar pandemics in the future. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163720302841?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101149 id: cord-320063-n9qzbnup author: Calender, Alain title: Modeling Potential Autophagy Pathways in COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis date: 2020-08-10 words: 1595.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320063-n9qzbnup.txt summary: Of note, SARS-CoV2 protein has a high affinity for human ACE2, a membrane-bound peptidase highly expressed in the heart, lungs, digestive and renal tracts; this molecular interaction leads to a membrane fusion process and further formation of syncytia with multinucleated alveolar epithelial cells ( Figure 1 ) [7] . Different cellular receptors such as TLR3 (Toll Like Receptor 3) and RIG-1 (Retinoic Acid Inducible Gene 1) -closely related to autophagy activation in mammalian granulocyte and macrophage models -have been implicated in innate immunity response to RNA virus infections -e.g. Coronavirus, Measles, Hepatitis viruses, and Influenza virus [10] . These clinical observations raise the question of what the sensitivity of patients with sarcoidosis to respiratory viral disease is, such as that induced from SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19)presently being explored in several international projects [6] . abstract: ABSTRACT COVID-19 is a disease caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV2, mainly affecting the lungs. Sarcoidosis is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by the diffusion of granulomas in lung and other organs. Here, we discuss how the two diseases might involve some common mechanistic cellular pathways around the regulation of autophagy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471490620301782?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.08.001 id: cord-340186-nc5uv2va author: Caligiuri, Paula title: International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice date: 2020-06-02 words: 10283.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340186-nc5uv2va.txt summary: Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance. Our accumulated body of knowledge in IHRM has helped us understand the challenges people face when placed in a wide range of MNE work arrangements, such as expatriate assignments, virtual international work, global project teams, and frequent international travel (Shaffer, Kraimer, Chen & Bolino, 2012) . The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that managing employees'' health and safety is a key challenge for IHRM, and this is an important component of the grand challenge faced by MNEs in understanding how to deal with social responsibility (Buckley et al., 2017) . IHRM scholarship can offer an evidence-base for global mobility policies that will help employees to adjust to new ways of working in teams and the inevitable stress and uncertainty of post-pandemic travel. abstract: We show the relevance of extant international business (IB) research, and more specifically work on international human resources management (IHRM), to address COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Decision-makers in multinational enterprises have undertaken various types of actions to alleviate the impacts of the pandemic. In most cases these actions relate in some way to managing distance and to rethinking boundaries, whether at the macro- or firm-levels. Managing distance and rethinking boundaries have been the primary focus of much IB research since the IB field was established as a legitimate area of academic inquiry. The pandemic has led to increased cross-border distance problems (e.g., as the result of travel bans and reduced international mobility), and often also to new intra-firm distancing challenges imposed upon previously co-located employees. Prior IHRM research has highlighted the difficulties presented by distance, in terms of employee selection, training, support, health and safety, as well as leadership and virtual collaboration. Much of this thinking is applicable to solve pandemic-related distance challenges. The present, extreme cases of requisite physical distancing need not imply equivalent increases in psychological distance, and also offer firms some insight into the unanticipated benefits of a virtual workforce – a type of workforce that, quite possibly, will influence the ‘new normal’ of the post-COVID world. Extant IHRM research does offer actionable insight for today, but outstanding knowledge gaps remain. Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9 doi: 10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9 id: cord-278996-9lady4pc author: Callander, Denton title: Investigating the effects of COVID-19 on global male sex work populations: a longitudinal study of digital data date: 2020-06-26 words: 4490.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278996-9lady4pc.txt summary: Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. Methods This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. 20 The online profiles of male sex workers provide a powerful source of data that can be used to investigate the sociobehavioural effects of COVID-19, building on existing methods developed to study HIV and STI-related behaviours and norms among those involved with sex work. To assess the effects of COVID-19 on male sex work online, the following measures were calculated for each month of data collection: (1) number of active profiles, (2) number of new profiles, (3) number of inactive profiles, (4) the average number of visits per profile per day, and (5) proportion of profiles offering virtual sexual services (eg, webcamming, phone sex). abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recommendations of ‘social distancing’ and home quarantines to combat the global COVID-19 pandemic have implications for sex and intimacy, including sex work. This study examined the effects of COVID-19 on male sex work globally and investigated how men who sold sex responded to and engaged with the virus in the context of work. METHODS: This study made use of an existing database of deidentified data extracted from the online profiles maintained by male sex workers on a large, international website. Website engagement metrics were calculated for the periods before (September to December 2019) and during COVID-19 (January to May 2020); Poisson regression analyses were used to assess changes over time before and after, while a content analysis was undertaken to identify modes of engagement with the virus. RESULTS: Data were collected from 78 399 profiles representing 19 388 individuals. In the ‘before’ period, the number of active profiles was stable (inter-rate ratio (IRR)=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01, p=0.339) but during COVID-19 decreased by 26.3% (IRR=0.90, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.91, p<0.001). Newly created profiles also decreased during COVID-19 (59.4%; IRR=0.71, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.74, p<0.001) after a period of stability. In total, 211 unique profiles explicitly referenced COVID-19; 185 (85.8%) evoked risk reduction strategies, including discontinuation of in-person services (41.2%), pivoting to virtual services (38.9%), COVID-19 status disclosure (20.9%), enhanced sanitary and screening requirements (12.3%) and restricted travel (5.2%). Some profiles, however, seemed to downplay the seriousness of COVID-19 or resist protective measures (14.7%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the contention that COVID-19 has dramatically impacted the sex industry; globally, male sex workers may be facing considerable economic strain. Targeted education and outreach are needed to support male sex workers grappling with COVID-19, including around the most effective risk reduction strategies. Those involved with the sex industry must have access to state-sponsored COVID-19 financial and other aid programmes to support individual and public health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591488/ doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054550 id: cord-346389-gbmnoo84 author: Callender, Lauren A. title: The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 10042.0 sentences: 514.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346389-gbmnoo84.txt summary: Here, we review immune dysfunction in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of pre-existing comorbidities on the development of COVID-19. Furthermore, cardiovascular complications such as thromboembolic events, myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, arrythmia, cardiogenic shock and heat failure, have been documented in COVID-19 patients without prior cardiovascular disease (71), demonstrating a significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the heart. As infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in an acute respiratory disease that can progress to ARDS, respiratory failure and potentially even death, it is reasonable to speculate that patients with pre-existing respiratory disease would be at increased risk of severe COVID-19. Consequently, it has been proposed that liver damage associated with severe COVID-19 patients is due to dysregulated innate immunity against SARS-CoV-2, or hepatoxicity in response to treatments, rather than pre-existing liver disease. Therefore, the underlying pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease may increase vulnerability to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, resulting in severe COVID-19. abstract: Evidence from the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has clearly demonstrated that individuals with pre-existing comorbidities are at a much greater risk of dying from COVID-19. This is of great concern for individuals living with these conditions, and a major challenge for global healthcare systems and biomedical research. Not all comorbidities confer the same risk, however, many affect the function of the immune system, which in turn directly impacts the response to COVID-19. Furthermore, the myriad of drugs prescribed for these comorbidities can also influence the progression of COVID-19 and limit additional treatment options available for COVID-19. Here, we review immune dysfunction in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of pre-existing comorbidities on the development of COVID-19. We explore how underlying disease etiologies and common therapies used to treat these conditions exacerbate COVID-19 progression. Moreover, we discuss the long-term challenges associated with the use of both novel and repurposed therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing comorbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903476/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01991 id: cord-257600-0plhquk9 author: Calles, Antonio title: Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in Madrid date: 2020-09-16 words: 6981.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257600-0plhquk9.txt summary: Differences in health-care systems, in the incidence and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by geographic regions, and patient access to intensive support care -including MVand treatment with antivirals or anti-IL6/IL1 agents may ultimately influence outcomes in patients with lung cancer affected by COVID-19. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients with COVID-19 attended in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, one of the most hit regions by coronavirus in the world so far, and analyze factors associated with worse outcome, including type of treatment receiving at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. We performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR to every suspicious case and included all lung cancer patients attended at our hospital (emergency room, hospitalization, ambulatory office, day care area). Data from Wuhan, in China, showed that active cancer treatment received in the 14 days before SARS-CoV-2 infection had an increase on the risk of severe outcomes of COVID-19 (HR 4.079, 95%CI, 1.086-15.322; p = 0.037) (9) . abstract: Background: Cancer patients represent a vulnerable population for COVID-19 illness. We aimed to analyze outcomes of lung cancer patients affected by COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital of a high-incidence region during the pandemic. Methods: We annotated 23 lung cancer patients consecutively diagnosed with COVID-19 at our institution (HGUGM; Madrid, Spain) between March 4th, 2020 and May 12th, 2020. Only patients with a confirmatory SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were included in the study. Results: All patients had at least 1 COVID-19 related symptom; cough (48%), shortness of breath (48%), fever (39%), and low-grade fever (30%) were the most common. Time from symptoms onset to first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR was 5.5 days (range 1–17), with 13% of cases needed from a 2nd PCR to confirm diagnosis. There was a high variability on thoracic imaging findings, with multilobar pneumonia as the most commonly found pattern (74%). Main lab test abnormalities were low lymphocytes count (87%), high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio -NLR- (78%), and elevated inflammatory markers: fibrinogen (91%), c-reactive protein -CRP- (87%), and D-dimer (70%). In our series, hospitalization rate was 74%, 39% of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the case-fatality rate was 35% (8/23). 87% of patients received anti-viral treatment (87% hydroxychloroquine, 74% lopinavir/ritonavir, 13% azithromycin), 43% corticosteroids, 26% interferon-β, 4% tocilizumab, and 82% of hospitalized patients received anticoagulation. High-oxygen requirements were needed in 39% of patients, but only 1 pt was admitted for invasive MV and was discharged 42 days after admission. Multiple variables related to tumor status, clinical baseline conditions, and inflammation markers were associated with mortality but did not remain statistically significant in a multivariate model. In patients with lung cancer receiving systemic therapy (n = 242) incidence and mortality from COVID-19 were 4.5, and 2.1%, respectively, with no differences found by type of treatment. Conclusions: Lung cancer patients represent a vulnerable population for COVID-19, according to the high rate of hospitalization, onset of ARDS, and high mortality rate. Although larger series are needed, no differences in mortality were found by type of cancer treatment. Measures to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain key to protect lung cancer patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042826/ doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01777 id: cord-208252-e0vlaoii author: Calvetti, Daniela title: Bayesian dynamical estimation of the parameters of an SE(A)IR COVID-19 spread model date: 2020-05-09 words: 7814.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-208252-e0vlaoii.txt summary: A Bayesian particle filtering algorithm is used to update dynamically the relevant cohort and simultaneously estimate the transmission rate as the new data on the number of new infections and disease related death become available. When we apply the model and particle filter algorithm to COVID-19 infection data from several counties in Northeastern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan we found the proposed reproduction number $R_0$ to have a consistent dynamic behavior within both states, thus proving to be a reliable summary of the success of the mitigation measures. The equilibrium value, which can be analytically calculated from the model parameters, corresponds well to the model-based estimated ratio and can be used to define a dynamically changing effective basic reproduction number R 0 for the epidemic, facilitating the comparison of model predictions with other models. abstract: In this article, we consider a dynamic epidemiology model for the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Starting from the classical SEIR model, the model is modified so as to better describe characteristic features of the underlying pathogen and its infectious modes. In line with the large number of secondary infections not related to contact with documented infectious individuals, the model includes a cohort of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infectious individuals, not accounted for in the data of new daily counts of infections. A Bayesian particle filtering algorithm is used to update dynamically the relevant cohort and simultaneously estimate the transmission rate as the new data on the number of new infections and disease related death become available. The underlying assumption of the model is that the infectivity rate is dynamically changing during the epidemics, either because of a mutation of the pathogen or in response to mitigation and containment measures. The sequential Bayesian framework naturally provides a quantification of the uncertainty in the estimate of the model parameters, including the reproduction number, and of the size of the different cohorts. Moreover, we introduce a dimensionless quantity, which is the equilibrium ratio between asymptomatic and symptomatic cohort sizes, and propose a simple formula to estimate the quantity. This ratio leads naturally to another dimensionless quantity that plays the role of the basic reproduction number $R_0$ of the model. When we apply the model and particle filter algorithm to COVID-19 infection data from several counties in Northeastern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan we found the proposed reproduction number $R_0$ to have a consistent dynamic behavior within both states, thus proving to be a reliable summary of the success of the mitigation measures. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.04365v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-324038-1ub2d92w author: Calvo, Cristina title: Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics() date: 2020-03-26 words: 1145.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324038-1ub2d92w.txt summary: Since the development of the document ''''Recomendaciones sobre el manejo clínico de la infección por el «nuevo coronavirus» SARS-CoV2'''', 1 there have been substantial changes in the epidemiological situation in Spain. There is evidence that children, even in cases of mild disease, can be an important source of transmission, with a rate of infection of close contacts of 7.4% in children aged less than 10 years, similar to the mean rate in the adult population of 7.9%. As of March 7, 2020, less than 10 days after the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Madrid, at least 63 patients aged less than 14 years (54% male) have been tested for SARS-CoV-2 by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Through its website, the Asociación Española de Pediatría (Spanish Association of Paediatrics) makes available documents, updated periodically, specifying the care protocols for different situations, including management of children who belong to high-risk groups. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S234128792030051X doi: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.03.001 id: cord-309987-vvt1x151 author: Camacho-Rivera, Marlene title: Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey date: 2020-08-05 words: 3788.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309987-vvt1x151.txt summary: Methods: We utilized data from a sample of 2190 U.S. adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey to examine associations between the presence of underlying chronic health conditions and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors (e.g., use of face masks, hand washing, social distancing, etc.). The primary outcomes for this analysis was participants'' responses (yes/no) to the following questions: ''''Which of the following measures, if any, are you taking in response to the coronavirus?'''' Of the 19 options, participants were able to select all that apply: Canceled a doctor appointment; Worn a face mask; Visited a doctor or hospital; Canceled or postponed work activities; Canceled or postponed school activities; Canceled or postponed dentist or other appointment; Avoided some or all restaurants; Worked from home; Studied from home; Canceled or postponed pleasure social or recreational activities; Avoided public or crowded places; Prayed; Avoided contact with high-risk people; Washed or sanitized hands; Kept six feet distance from those outside my household; Stayed home because I felt unwell; Wiped packages entering my home. abstract: Purpose: In the United States, over 2 million cases of COVID-19 cases have been identified and more than 100,000 lives have been lost. While COVID-19 related disparities among those with chronic conditions have been observed, research regarding the uptake of COVID-related preventive behaviors is scarce. Methods: We utilized data from a sample of 2190 U.S. adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey to examine associations between the presence of underlying chronic health conditions and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors (e.g., use of face masks, hand washing, social distancing, etc.). We used multivariable logistic regression models to model associations between COVID-19 preventive behaviors across demographic and health characteristics. Results: Adults with cardiometabolic disease were more likely to report staying home because they felt unwell, compared with individuals without cardiometabolic disease. Individuals with underlying respiratory conditions were more likely to work from home, compared with individuals without a respiratory condition. Adults with immune conditions were twice more likely to report wearing a face mask when compared with individuals without immune conditions. Conclusion: This study provides U.S. national prevalence estimates and differences in adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors among those with and without the presence of underlying chronic health conditions. The prevalence of key preventive measures was high in the overall sample. Yet, engagement in COVID-19-related preventive behaviors varied significantly across chronic disease conditions. Messages around continued maintenance of the behaviors should be reinforced. Study implications suggest a need for more targeted messaging and resources available for individuals with certain underlying chronic conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0031 doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0031 id: cord-287648-nhsn4cru author: Cameli, Matteo title: Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-12 words: 3041.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287648-nhsn4cru.txt summary: Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID‐19–related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID‐19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis‐induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high‐pressure mechanical ventilation. 7 In two studies by Shi et al 8 and Guo et al, 9 among 460 and 187 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, respectively, 20% and 28% had acute myocardial injury, which was associated with higher mortality and incidence of complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), malignant arrhythmias, acute renal injury, and coagulopathy. 21 Accordingly, current reports suggest that the majority of COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury without evidence of epicardial coronary artery thrombosis, show imaging data supporting the diagnosis of acute myocarditis 21, 22 ; also, cases of fulminant myocarditis and fatal arrhythmias have been described. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak is a current global healthcare burden, leading to the life‐threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, evidence showed that, even if the prevalence of COVID‐19 damage consists in pulmonary lesions and symptoms, it could also affect other organs, such as heart, liver, and spleen. Particularly, some infected patients refer to the emergency department for cardiovascular symptoms, and around 10% of COVID‐19 victims had finally developed heart injury. Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID‐19–related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID‐19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis‐induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high‐pressure mechanical ventilation. The present review aims to enlighten the applications of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of myocardial damage in COVID‐19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.14779 doi: 10.1111/echo.14779 id: cord-326989-l8nfd03a author: Cammarota, Gianmaria title: Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital date: 2020-05-19 words: 1308.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326989-l8nfd03a.txt summary: The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. While the general ICU were progressively converted to COVID-19 unit and the contingency plan was implemented, anesthesiologists, nurses, and other health care professionals, recruited from surgical teams, underwent a specific just-in-time training to improve technical skills in the application of PPE and in the clinical management of mechanically ventilated ARF patients. By addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis, a prompt response to the sudden request of IMV was provided, converting the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit and increasing the number of COVID-19 ICU beds by 107%. abstract: The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. This brief report describes how a prompt response to the sudden request of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was provided by addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423513/ doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000692 id: cord-344508-a67vsux2 author: Campanile, Fabio Cesare title: Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement date: 2020-06-08 words: 2394.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344508-a67vsux2.txt summary: Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have. The SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove Tecnologie), ACS-Italy Chapter (American College of Surgeons), AICO (Associazione Italiana infermieri di Camera Operatoria), CRSA (Clinical Robotic Surgery Association), SICG (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Geriatrica), SICOP (Società Italiana di Chirurgia dell''Ospedalità Privata), SPIGC (Società Polispecialistica Italiana dei Giovani Chirurghi), and the WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) have come out in favor of a rational analysis of the issue, especially about the choice of the surgical techniques to be implemented, preferring a "selective" approach that does not exclude the use of laparoscopy a priori but, instead, strongly considers it. abstract: Following the spread of the infection from the new SARS-CoV2 coronavirus in March 2020, several surgical societies have released their recommendations to manage the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the daily clinical practice. The recommendations on emergency surgery have fueled a debate among surgeons on an international level. We maintain that laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, even in the COVID-19 era. Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00317-0 doi: 10.1186/s13017-020-00317-0 id: cord-306243-ar7xvd2c author: Campbell, Katherine H. title: Consolidation of Obstetric Services in a Public Health Emergency date: 2020-07-22 words: 3683.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306243-ar7xvd2c.txt summary: Key stakeholders involved in the comprehensive delivery of obstetrical services should be identified and brought together for assessment of (1) ongoing obstetrical needs of the patient population; (2) hospital resources including availability of physical space, health care workers, and supplies; and (3) Regularly scheduled teleconference meetings that are frequent, but short, are important tools to ensure reliable and timely communication. Anticipating that a surge of infected patients, potential workforce illnesses or absences or increases in volume could overburden our capacity, we worked with our Medical Staff office to facilitate emergency privileges, when necessary, for supervision of labor and birth for providers not currently in active obstetric practice, such as gynecologic oncologists, urogynecologists, gynecologic specialty surgeons and family planning providers. In early April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic peaked within the New York metropolitan and surrounding areas, multiple sites within the NewYork Presbyterian health system identified the need for additional medical-surgical bed capacity to accommodate increasing numbers of non-obstetric adult COVID-19 patients. abstract: Though much of routine healthcare pauses in a public health emergency, childbirth continues uninterrupted. Crises like COVID-19 put incredible strains on healthcare systems and require strategic planning, flexible adaptability, clear communication, and judicious resource allocation. Experiences from obstetric units affected by COVID-19 highlight the importance of developing new teams and workflows to ensure patient and healthcare worker safety. Additionally, adapting a strategy that combines units and staff from different areas and hospitals can allow for synergistic opportunities to provision care appropriately to manage a structure and workforce at maximum capacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32814629/ doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151281 id: cord-031081-szqrjxq2 author: Campbell, Margaret C title: In Times of Trouble: A Framework for Understanding Consumers’ Responses to Threats date: 2020-07-09 words: 11083.0 sentences: 560.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031081-szqrjxq2.txt summary: In conjunction with these articles, we hope that this conceptual framework will provide a point of departure for researchers seeking to enhance the understanding of how consumers and markets collectively respond over the short term and long term to threats that disrupt consumers'' routines, lives, or even the fabric of society. Our goal is not to provide a comprehensive review of existing literature, but rather a guide to researchers seeking to increase our collective understanding of how consumers and markets together respond over short and long durations to threats that disrupt their very being. The findings of this article suggest that economic recessions, pandemics, and terror threats can affect subjective life expectancy for some consumers, leading to different financial and health decisions than they might make otherwise, as well as potentially impacting their mental health. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying economic downturn have dramatically impacted the lives of consumers around the world. From a conceptual perspective, such health and economic threats can severely disrupt consumers’ sense of ontological security and elicit adaptive responses by both consumers and marketers. Given the opportune timing, this issue of the Journal of Consumer Research is focused on articles that address questions of consumers’ responses to external threats. The purpose of this introduction is to provide an organizing “conceptual tapestry” to connect the articles appearing in the issue. This framework is provided as a tool to help researchers structure their particular projects within the broader landscape of consumer threat response and to present some potential directions for future research. In conjunction with these articles, we hope that this conceptual framework will provide a point of departure for researchers seeking to enhance the understanding of how consumers and markets collectively respond over the short term and long term to threats that disrupt consumers’ routines, lives, or even the fabric of society. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454649/ doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucaa036 id: cord-308476-pyje6txy author: Campochiaro, Corrado title: The conundrum of interleukin-6 blockade in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 words: 860.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308476-pyje6txy.txt summary: 1 As a result, in the absence of a specific antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, many therapeutic efforts have focused on use of immunosuppressive drugs targeting the potential mediators of this hyperinflammatory state. 9 They obtained data from a prospective observational database used by the Hackensack Meridian Health network of 13 hospitals in New Jersey, USA, and did a retrospective study to compare outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab with those who did not. Interleukin 1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study GM-CSF blockade with mavrilimumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation: a single-centre, prospective cohort study Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665991320302873 doi: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30287-3 id: cord-322601-9pg1yqfa author: Camporota, Luigi title: Outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 words: 909.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322601-9pg1yqfa.txt summary: outcomes of a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients with AHRF receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with partial pressure of oxygen/inspired oxygen concentration ratio (PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio) <300 mm Hg during their first critical care admission in a format similar to the LUNG-SAFE study 7 . Amongst the 317 critical care admissions over the study period due to COVID-19, 213 patients met our inclusion criteria of AHRF receiving invasive mandatory mechanical ventilation with PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio <300 mm Hg, during their first critical care admission. Similar to the LUNG-SAFE cohort and the Berlin ARDS predictive validity analyses, there was a doseresponse relationship between mortality and severity of hypoxaemia, albeit with lower mortality in the mild category. Despite the greater severity of hypoxaemia compared to LUNG-SAFE, a greater proportion of patients with COVID-19 were ventilated within protective boundaries. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220307297 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.047 id: cord-301590-70qmpccs author: Campos, António title: The Paradigm Shift of Ophthalmology in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-09-14 words: 3010.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301590-70qmpccs.txt summary: CONCLUSION: It was possible to keep the ophthalmological activity during the pandemic outbreak due to the existence of a pre-scheduled fixed regimen for IVI and to the availability of personal protective equipment. We are facing a different sort of challenge now: how to accommodate the usual huge number of patients previous to the COVID-19 outbreak in the waiting rooms, while respecting the new demands from the healthcare authorities to reduce the number of waiting patients to a half or one-third. 9 Issues such as the use of personal protective equipment, the size of waiting rooms, ventilation, adherence to disinfection protocols, choose of whom to treat based on the disease natural evolution and the need to prioritize treatment visits over monitoring visits, were addressed recently. Symptomatic patients, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and contacts, were postponed until they were RT-PCR negative, except for emergency surgeries that were performed in a COVID-dedicated OR (one room with negative pressure and special requirements 12 abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe how a fixed regimen of intravitreal injections (IVI) was helpful to continue activity during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown and to address basic conditions to resume activity. METHODS: A fixed regimen of IVI was conceived to significantly reduce the number of visits while keeping a number of injections related to the best outcomes. We retrospectively collected data of surgeries performed in 2019 and in the first seven months of 2020 and from OCTs in the first semester of 2020. RESULTS: IVI per month, from January to July 2020, were 304, 291, 256, 204, 276, 297 and 322, respectively. Phacoemulsification surgeries in the same period were 397, 408, 171, 0, 304, 391 and 389. Posterior vitrectomies were 23, 21, 17, 10, 21, 28 and 25. Laser sessions were 44, 26, 33, 17, 23 and 33, respectively. OCTs dropped from a mean of 25.7 per day in the first half of March 2020 to 5.8 per day in the second half of March. A mean of 6.5 OCTs per day was made in April, rising to 19.1 in May and 39.5 in June. CONCLUSION: It was possible to keep the ophthalmological activity during the pandemic outbreak due to the existence of a pre-scheduled fixed regimen for IVI and to the availability of personal protective equipment. The air-borne nature of the peril we are facing addresses the need to evaluate the physical conditions of health facilities, including ventilation, size of waiting and consult rooms and the need to avoid elevators. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s267427 doi: 10.2147/opth.s267427 id: cord-270124-tqhkzd2w author: Campos, Fábio Guilherme title: General recommendations to the colorectal surgeon during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 words: 2196.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270124-tqhkzd2w.txt summary: The present article aimed to bring to the colorectal surgeon the current recommendations and general safety measures in order to prevent infection dissemination, to improve surgical planning in terms of timing and specific technical aspects. Since its appearance in China, in December of last year, the infection J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (known as COVID-19), has spread rapidly and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March of this year. While there is an increasing number of new cases and deaths, there is a recommendation to delay elective surgeries (including selected cancer cases) in order to provide medical resources and beds (including ICUs), increase the hospital areas that can be used, concentrate hospital activities for emergency care and, mainly, reduce the chances of cross-infection of doctors, patients and visitors. [15] General recommendations and care measures during surgical procedures Any procedure performed on a COVID-19-positive or suspected patient must be performed in a specific room. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has shown our country in an unfavorable light, as Brazil has reported the second highest number of deaths to date. When the social isolation phase is finished, professional activities (including the medical ones) will resume their routines and the specialist must be updated in order to provide effective and safe care. Although many published recommendations are based on low levels of evidence, disclosing them has become necessary, since the coronavirus infection may affect operative outcomes. Overall, it is suggested that physicians adopt preventive measures, starting with the medical appointment, and extending them to the surgical procedure. Furthermore, it is also necessary to provisionally change criteria for operative indications and conducts. Currently, postponing elective surgeries seems to be a universally agreed decision. Moreover, we need to establish the early diagnosis of the viral infection, before or after the surgery. Several safety measures related to minimally-invasive procedures have been reported, disclosing the risks of aerosol dissemination by the pneumoperitoneum and smoke from energy-powered devices. The present article aimed to bring to the colorectal surgeon the current recommendations and general safety measures in order to prevent infection dissemination, to improve surgical planning in terms of timing and specific technical aspects. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2237936320300496 doi: 10.1016/j.jcol.2020.06.001 id: cord-354588-jxzdrxqx author: Campos, I. S. title: A vulnerability analysis for the management of and response to the COVID-19 epidemic in the second most populous state in Brazil date: 2020-07-25 words: 5544.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354588-jxzdrxqx.txt summary: Considering the high levels of transmission, on March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic due to the rapid spread across countries including Italy, Spain and, later, United States, that currently has the highest number of cases of the novel coronavirus disease (6). However, recent researches pointed to a possible underreporting scenario owing to the unprecedented increase in deaths from causes clinically similar to COVID-19, such as SARS, respiratory failure and pneumonia, and due to the low number of tests carried out by the state in comparison with the others, according to data obtained through the Minas Gerais Department of Health (7). In this work, the indicators, selected based on the scientific literature to identify the vulnerability of Minas Gerais cities, trace physical, social and individual characteristics that enable to assess and qualify those regions that have greater difficulty in managing the pandemic of COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect all individuals, however in a heterogeneous way. In this sense, identifying specificities of each location is essential to minimize the damage caused by the disease. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the vulnerability of the 853 municipalities in the second most populous state in Brazil, Minas Gerais (MG), in order to direct public policies. Then, an epidemiological study was carried out based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using indicators with some relation to the process of illness and death caused by COVID-19. The indicators were selected by a literature review and categorized into: demographic, social, economic, health infrastructure, population at risk and epidemiological. The variables were collected in Brazilian government databases at the municipal level and evaluated according to MCDA, through the Program to Support Decision Making based on indicators (PRADIN). Based on this approach, the study performed simulations by category of indicators and a general simulation that allowed to divide the municipalities into groups of 1 to 5, with 1 being the least vulnerable and 5 being the most vulnerable. The groupings of municipalities were exposed in their respective mesoregions of MG in a thematic map, using the software Tabwin 32. The results revealed that the mesoregion of Norte de Minas stands out with more than 40% of its municipalities belonging to group 5, according to economic, social and health infrastructure indicators. Similarly, the Jequitinhonha mesoregion exhibited almost 60% of the municipalities in this group for economic and health infrastructure indicators. For demographic and epidemiological criteria, the Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte mesoregion is the most vulnerable, with 42.9% and 26.7% of the municipalities in group 5, respectively. Considering the presence of a population at risk, Zona da Mata reported 42.3% of the municipalities in the most vulnerable group. In the joint analysis of data, the Jequitinhonha, Vale do Mucuri and Vale do Rio Doce mesoregions were the most vulnerable in the state of MG. Thus, through the outlined profile, the present study proved how socioeconomic diversity affects the vulnerability of the municipalities to face COVID-19 outbreak, highlighting the need for interventions directed to each reality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.20.20158345v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20158345 id: cord-267389-v2ihhtl0 author: Canevelli, Marco title: The Pipeline of Therapeutics Testing During the Emergency Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-24 words: 3090.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267389-v2ihhtl0.txt summary: The clinicaltrials.gov database and the European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register were investigated on March 31, 2020, to identify all ongoing phase 1–4 research protocols testing pharmacological interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19. In this article, we provide a summary of the interventional studies that have been conducted worldwide to test the efficacy and/or safety/tolerability of pharmacological compounds against COVID-19 in the emergency phase of the pandemic. The following data were abstracted by three authors (F.T., Ga.R., and Gi.R.) from the selected protocols: NCT (the unique identification code assigned by clinicaltrials.gov) and/or EudraCT codes; study phase; allocation and masking procedures; tested compound(s); way of administration; mechanism of action; primary outcome measure(s); expected primary completion date; expected number of participants; age range of participants; targeted COVID-19 related condition; sponsor; and location. abstract: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious threat to the sustainability of healthcare systems and is currently having a significant effect on living conditions worldwide. No therapeutic agent has yet proven to be effective for the treatment of COVID-19. The management of this disease currently relies on supportive care and the off-label and compassionate use of antivirals and immunomodulators. Nevertheless, there has been a great worldwide effort to progress research and test the efficacy and safety/tolerability profiles of numerous candidate agents that may positively affect the various clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19. In parallel, vaccination and chemoprophylaxis strategies are being investigated. This article provides a summary of interventional studies targeting COVID-19 during the emergency phase of the outbreak to broadly inform clinicians and researchers on what happened and what they can expect in upcoming months. The clinicaltrials.gov database and the European Union (EU) Clinical Trials Register were investigated on March 31, 2020, to identify all ongoing phase 1–4 research protocols testing pharmacological interventions targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19. Overall, six phase 1, four phase 1-2, 14 phase 2, ten phase 2-3, 19 phase 3, and nine phase 4 studies were identified, and the features of these studies are described in the present review. We also provide an updated overview of the change overtime in the pipeline following this emergency phase and based on the current epidemiology of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072781/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.552991 id: cord-253079-aohqinlo author: Cannizzaro, Renato title: Covid-19 and cancer patients: Choosing wisely is the key date: 2020-04-08 words: 805.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253079-aohqinlo.txt summary: Since December 2019, after the initial outbreak of the Covid-19 infectious disease in Wuhan in the Chinese province of Hubei, there has been an increasing spread of the severe adult respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus worldwide and on 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) decreed a pandemic state. What is clear to the clinical community of oncologists, while recognizing the differences between the different contexts, is that cancer centers must limit the risks for patients and healthcare professionals. In this issue of Digestive and Liver Disease, Di Fiore et al report some management strategies proposed by the main French scientific societies of oncological gastroenterology to limit the risks for patients with digestive cancers [6] . SARS-CoV-2 transmission in patients with cancer at a tertiary care hospital in Wuhan, China Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1590865820301328 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.030 id: cord-330550-cxdrac0o author: Canonico, Mario Enrico title: The tug-of-war between coagulopathy and anticoagulant agents in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 words: 917.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330550-cxdrac0o.txt summary: Of note, anticoagulant treatment was associated with decreased mortality in severely affected COVID-19 patients. These drugs include antiviral agents (e.g. atazanavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin and interferon-b), drugs used for autoimmune disease (e.g. hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine), and anti-cytokine treatments (e.g. tocilizumab and arilumab). Specifically, the levels of dicumarolic agents are increased when coadministred with atazanavir, via CYP2C9 inhibition, while they are decreased with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin via CYP2C9 induction . Nowadays, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are the preferred choice in clinical practice, with a better effective and safety profile compared with dicumarolic agents; however, the risk of DDIs in patients treated for COVID-19 is not negligible. Direct Xa inhibitors, such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban, are contraindicated when coadministered with antiviral agents, because the inhibition of CYP3A4 (e.g. atazanavir and lopinavir) and a P-gp (e.g. ritonavir) increases their serum concentration by two-fold. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32383737/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa048 id: cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author: Cantini, Fabrizio title: Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date: 2020-04-23 words: 1261.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt summary: According to a recent report 3 , COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by three clinical patterns: no symptoms, mild to moderate disease, severe pneumonia requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in up to 31% of the patients 3 . On this basis, we assessed the safety of baricitinib therapy combined with lopinavir-ritonavir in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia patients and we evaluated its clinical impact. All consecutive hospitalized patients (March 16 th -30 th ) with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, older than 18 years, were treated for 2 weeks with baricitinib tablets 4 mg/day added to ritonavirlopinavir therapy. The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standard of care therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir tablets 250 mg/bid and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day/orally for 2 weeks) admitted before the date of the first baricitinib-treated patient served as controls. These preliminary results on 12 patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed the safety of baricitinib therapy in a clinical context different from RA 7 . abstract: • Baricitinib at 4 mg/day/orally was given to 12 patients with moderate COVID-19. • In baricitinib-treated patients no adverse events were recorded, after 2 weeks. • Clinical and respiratory parameters significantly improved at 2 weeks. • None of the baricitinib-treated patients required admission to ICU. • Proper control group was missing; this is required to demonstrate the efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.017 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.017 id: cord-326427-06djb0sd author: Cao, Dongmei title: Vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19: report of two cases date: 2020-10-02 words: 2582.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326427-06djb0sd.txt summary: Because of the positive result of the maternal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 obtained on the 2nd day after sampling, we transferred the mother to the designated hospital and followed up with her by telephone interviews. Although the nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 of the second patient was negative on February 29, the result was positive Delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin contact between the mother and infant were not permitted in either case. The pregnant woman in case 2 had the typical manifestations of COVID-19, including cough, lymphopenia, and abnormal chest CT images, and her infant''s nasopharyngeal swab tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. The two cases in our study showed that there is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetal vertical transmission of COVID-19 in late pregnancy, and there is no evidence that vaginal delivery would increase the possibility of neonatal infection. In conclusion, there is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetus vertical transmission of COVID-19 for pregnant women in late pregnancy, and vaginal delivery may not increase the possibility of neonatal infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the ongoing global outbreak of COVID-19, pregnant women who are susceptible to COVID-19 should be highly concerned. The issue of vertical transmission and the possibility of neonatal infection is a major concern. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1: A 35-year-old pregnant woman with a gestational age of 37 weeks and 6 days was admitted to our hospital at the point of giving birth. Except for the abnormalities in her chest CT image, she was asymptomatic. She had an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery, and her infant was discharged home for isolation. Because of the positive result of the maternal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 obtained on the 2nd day after sampling, we transferred the mother to the designated hospital and followed up with her by telephone interviews. Luckily, it was confirmed on February 23 that the newborn did not develop any COVID-19 symptoms after observation for 14 days after birth. Case 2: Another pregnant woman, with a gestational age of 38 weeks and 2 days, was also admitted to our hospital because of spontaneous labor with cervical dilation of 5 cm. Since she had the typical manifestations of COVID-19, including cough, lymphopenia, and abnormal chest CT images, she was highly suspected of having COVID-19. Based on the experience from case 1, we helped the mother deliver a healthy baby by vaginal delivery. On the 2nd day after delivery, the maternal nasopharyngeal swab result was positive, while the infant’s result was negative. CONCLUSION: There is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetal vertical transmission for COVID-19-infected mothers in late pregnancy, and vaginal delivery may not increase the possibility of neonatal infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33008308/ doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03281-4 id: cord-298185-w37nvorf author: Cao, Kai title: Current Evidence of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Ocular Transmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-24 words: 2555.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298185-w37nvorf.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of patients diagnosed with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Most importantly, we extracted the number of events of ocular symptoms (conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion, foreign body sensation, increased secretion, and eye itching) and the number of positive viral RNA detections in conjunctival swab samples. The pooled prevalence rates of ocular symptoms, such as conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion, were expressed using proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from either a fixed-effect model or a random-effect model. The strength of our study is that it is the first meta-analysis to summarize the rapidly emerging yet controversial publications reporting the prevalence rates of ocular symptoms and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples in COVID-19 patients. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence rate of ocular symptoms and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of patients diagnosed with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was done based on PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcomes are the prevalence rate of conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion and the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples. Rates were expressed as proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 1930 participants were included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence rate of conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion was 8% (95% CI: 5%-12%). 1% (95% CI: 1%-4%) of COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with conjunctivitis/conjunctival congestion as the initial symptom. The pooled positive rate of conjunctival swab samples was 3% (95% CI: 2%-5%). We also assessed other ocular symptoms reported in the 12 studies, including foreign body sensation, increased secretion, and eye itching. The pooled prevalence rates were 6% (95% CI: 3%-10%), 10% (95% CI: 8%-12%), and 9% (95% CI: 7%-10%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples and the prevalence rates of ocular symptoms indicated that COVID-19 ocular transmission was possible but less likely. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134387/ doi: 10.1155/2020/7605453 id: cord-333096-kroyaq5v author: Cao, Lan title: Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-15 words: 423.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333096-kroyaq5v.txt summary: title: Ultrasound applications to support nursing care in critical ill COVID-19 patients If a double-track sign was observed when scanning the esophagus'' long axis with ultrasound, then it is considered that a nasogastric tube has entered the esophagus. The gastric residual volume should be monitored in severe COVID-19 patients with high aspiration risk every 4h, but drawing the gastric residue with a syringe presents the risk of splashing of gastric contents. For example, if a patient has dyspnea and decreased blood oxygen saturation, the nurse can quickly judge the cause of it through lung ultrasound. When oliguria appears in severe COVID-19 patients, bladder ultrasound can be used effectively measure bladder volume. In summary, through visual qualitative and quantitative assessments (Table 1) , critical ultrasound supports a goal-oriented care strategy that can be useful in the care for severe COVID-19 patients. Impact of lung ultrasound on clinical decision making in critically ill patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859480/ doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102918 id: cord-319851-mhnp42xo author: Cao, Xiaoling title: Authors’ response to letter by Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero, “Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19” date: 2020-07-09 words: 765.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319851-mhnp42xo.txt summary: Furthermore, in a longitudinal study at another hospital in Wuhan, we examined lipid profiles from inpatients (n=21) before viral infection, on admission, and during the course of their illness. 2 Collectively, this evidence demonstrates that decreases in LDL-c levels are associated with severity of COVID-19 and reflect the disease course. We are well aware of the concerns raised by Drs. Fogacci, Borghi and Cicero about the potential effects of lipid-lowing medications being given routinely to those patients with cardiovascular disorders (CVD) or diabetes on their LDL-c levels on admission. In U.S., Italy and other nations, as many as half or more of patients with CVD or diabetes would be taking statins prior to onset of COVID-19 and many of them would continue until the time of hospital admission. 3, 4 Therefore, hypolipidemia in COVID-19 patients most likely results from SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated hyper-inflammation, not lipid-lowering medications. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1933287420302154 doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.005 id: cord-347030-yx3j6373 author: Cao, Xuetao title: COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy date: 2020-04-09 words: 1519.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347030-yx3j6373.txt summary: Most patients with COVID-19 exhibit mild to moderate symptoms, but approximately 15% progress to severe pneumonia and about 5% eventually develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and/or multiple organ failure 1, 2 . Convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies has been used to treat a small number of patients with severe disease, and preliminary results show clinical improvement in 5 of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 who developed ARDS 8 . High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may lead to shock and tissue damage in the heart, liver and kidney, as well as respiratory failure COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy Xuetao Cao 1, 2 Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. In addition to the cytokine-based pathology in patients with severe COVID-19, complement activation has also been observed, indicating that complement inhibitors, if used at an early stage of the infection, may attenuate the inflammatory damage. abstract: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. Significant antibody production is observed; however, whether this is protective or pathogenic remains to be determined. Defining the immunopathological changes in patients with COVID-19 provides potential targets for drug discovery and is important for clinical management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32273594/ doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3 id: cord-266313-b518n9dx author: Cao, Yu-chen title: Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence date: 2020-04-02 words: 5542.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266313-b518n9dx.txt summary: China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). When we set our sights on the broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we found that a drug unlisted, remdesivir, has demonstrated strength in trials related to MERS-CoV and Ebola virus infection. This article starts from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of infection of the SARS-CoV-2, and then analyzes the feasibility of conducting trials and putting into clinical use of COVID-19 from the pharmacological characteristics and successful cases of remdesivir. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleoside analogues drug (Fig. 3B ) with extensive antiviral activity and effective treatment of lethal Ebola and Nipah virus infections in nonhuman primates [21] . The need of treatment on COVID-19 is urgent, so if the results of clinical trials prove it has the potential to benefit the treatment, according to China''s "Compassionate Use", remdesivir will be more immediately used in patients with severe illness. abstract: The novel coronavirus infection that initially found at the end of 2019 has attracted great attention. So far, the number of infectious cases has increased globally to more than 100 thousand and the outbreak has been defined as a pandemic situation, but there are still no “specific drug” available. Relevant reports have pointed out the novel coronavirus has 80% homology with SARS. In the difficulty where new synthesized drug cannot be applied immediately to patients, “conventional drug in new use” becomes a feasible solution. The first medication experience of the recovered patients in the US has led remdesivir to be the “specific drug”. China has also taken immediate action to put remdesivir into clinical trials with the purpose of applying it into clinical therapeutics for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We started from the structure, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis of coronavirus infections of the novel coronavirus. Further, we analyzed the pharmacological actions and previous trials of remdesivir to identify the feasibility of conducting experiments on COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32247927/ doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101647 id: cord-272846-pkhu2zvt author: Capasso Palamim, Camila Vantini title: COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 389.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272846-pkhu2zvt.txt summary: title: COVID-19 – four million cases worldwide and the importance of multidisciplinary health care team during the pandemic Health professionals acts in all steps involved to COVID-19 disease, since the diagnosis by RT-PCR to providing the medical support during ventilatory maneuver and by psychology support to the patients and its relatives, mainly in cases of deaths. In addition, our data demonstrated the need to optimize the diagnosis by RT-PCR including for health 66 professionals'' groups; in example, many nurses are set as suspicious cases by the lack of the disease 67 diagnosis. The COVID-19 disease caused a high number of deaths worldwide, including the death of 68 health professionals. Multidisciplinary health care team are responsible to keep the patient breath mainly in severe 72 cases of COVID-19 including millions of people worldwide. abstract: On 12(th) May 2020 at International Nurses day, 4 million cases of COVID-19 were recorded with a total of 292,000 deaths worldwide. Brazil, at that point, presented a total of ∼178,000 cases and 12,404 deaths caused by the disease. At that moment, Brazil appeared in the 7(th) position regarding number of cases, 6(th) in number of deaths and 2(nd) in number of active and serious cases (N=8,318) with a low number of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) exams per million inhabitants (N=3,459). During the COVID-19 pandemic multidisciplinary health care team (nurses, biologists, nutritionists, physiotherapists, medical doctors, pharmacists and psychologists) acts intensively to promote the better outcome to all COVID-19 patients, mainly, at intensive care units during exhaustive and continuous hours. Health professionals acts in all steps involved to COVID-19 disease, since the diagnosis by RT-PCR to providing the medical support during ventilatory maneuver and by psychology support to the patients and its relatives, mainly in cases of deaths. The multidisciplinary health care team should be better recognized by its actions during and after COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099176720302026?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.004 id: cord-293630-zc8huo1j author: Capone, Alessandro title: Simultaneous circulation of COVID-19 and flu in Italy: potential combined effects on the risk of death? date: 2020-08-05 words: 2157.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293630-zc8huo1j.txt summary: Based on data updated to May 20, 2020, in Italy the total recorded number of patients who died due to COVID-19-related reasons is 31,851. While some of the excess mortality reported in the ILI group may be attributable to COVID-19, a question arises: do we have to consider this observation as a result of a random sequence of events or a potential relationship between the two viruses play a role? It would be of great relevance to identify patients at a very high risk of mortality as a result of an overlapping or combination of risk factors reported separately in patients died from COVID-19 or influenza. While some of the excess mortality reported in the ILI group (in over 65) may be attributable to COVID-19 infection actually, a question arises: do we have to consider this observation as a result of a random sequence of events or a potential relationship between the two viruses play a role? abstract: Based on data updated to May 20, 2020, in Italy the total recorded number of patients who died due to COVID-19-related reasons is 31,851. Demographic and clinical characteristics of died patients (including the number of comorbidities) are extremely relevant, especially to define those with a higher risk of mortality. Health authority recommends flu vaccination in a number of categories at risk of serious medical complications: subjects over 65, patients with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, COPD, renal failure, cancer, immunodeficiencies, chronic hepatopathies and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The peak of the seasonal flu certainly preceded the pandemic one; however, it would seem clear that for a while the two viruses have been circulating simultaneously in Italy. Hence, after its peak, Influenza-like Illness-related (ILI) deaths started to grow again. While some of the excess mortality reported in the ILI group may be attributable to COVID-19, a question arises: do we have to consider this observation as a result of a random sequence of events or a potential relationship between the two viruses play a role? A cooperation mechanism intended at establishing an absolute advantage over the host could also be assumed. This system often takes place to boost their reproductive probabilities. A characterization of patients died due to virus-related reasons can be done by cross-linking data stored in different warehouses of the same geographical area and developing electronic health records. It would be of great relevance to identify patients at a very high risk of mortality as a result of an overlapping or combination of risk factors reported separately in patients died from COVID-19 or influenza. The description of the subgroup of patients at higher risk of mortality will be crucial for the prioritization and implementation of future public health prevention and treatment programmes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.077 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.077 id: cord-262236-1lilrqts author: Capone, Stephen title: Characterization of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients at a Brooklyn Safety-Net Hospital date: 2020-08-17 words: 3447.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262236-1lilrqts.txt summary: There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival based on ethnicity, healthcare status, or individual medical comorbidities, although a negative trend exists for diabetes. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival based on ethnicity, healthcare status, or individual medical comorbidities, although a negative trend exists for diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the disease characteristics in a Brooklyn safety-net hospital affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the clinical course and outcomes of this uniquely diverse population. Deceased patients were then isolated and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to compare each comorbidity to the overall days to death which yielded no statistically significant results. We do note a trend towards decreased survival in patients with diabetes (p=0.12), but no individual factor showed a statistically significant impact on overall mortality or median OS. abstract: Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across the country with over 3 million cases and 150,000 deaths in the United States as of July 2020. Outcomes have been poor, with reported admission rates to the intensive care team of 5% in China and mortality among critically ill patients of 50% in Seattle. Here we explore the disease characteristics in a Brooklyn safety-net hospital affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Methods A retrospective chart review of COVID-19 positive patients at The Brooklyn Hospital Center who were treated by the intensive care team prior to April 20, 2020. Data was extracted from the electronic health record, analyzed and correlated for outcome. Results Impact of various clinical treatments was assessed, showing no change in median overall survival (OS) of both hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin or vitamin C with zinc. Supplemental therapies were used in selected patients, and some were shown to increase median OS and patients requiring vasopressor support or invasive mechanical ventilation showed decreased OS. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival based on ethnicity, healthcare status, or individual medical comorbidities, although a negative trend exists for diabetes. Despite this, there is a trend towards increasingly poor prognosis based on the number of comorbidities and Class 3 obesity. Conclusions Despite the fact that we show no significant differences in mortality based on ethnicity, insurance status, or individual medical comorbidities, we show a high overall mortality. There is also a trend towards increased overall mortality in Class 3 obesity, which should be further investigated. We suggest that these findings may be attributed to both socioeconomic factors and an increased incidence of total medical comorbidities in our patient population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850261/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9809 id: cord-325559-di8lljoi author: Cappello, Francesco title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 words: 5204.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced disease (COVID-19) is a planetary emergency that is urging many research groups to redirect their efforts and to channel their experience towards understanding its pathogenesis. These human epitopes, in turn, can be recognized by circulating antibodies made against crossreactive microbial antigens; these antibodies behave like autoantibodies, causing the destruction of the stressed cells, representing a typical example of pathology caused by molecular mimicry and manifested as autoimmunity [30] . We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. abstract: Viruses can generate molecular mimicry phenomena within their hosts. Why should severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not be considered one of these? Information in this short review suggests that it might be so and, thus, encourages research aiming at testing this possibility. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that the virus induces antibodies and that some of them crossreact with host’s antigens, thus eliciting autoimmune phenomena with devasting consequences in various tissues and organs. If confirmed, by in vitro and in vivo tests, this could drive researchers to find effective treatments against the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072038 doi: 10.3390/jcm9072038 id: cord-260150-ynoevzrg author: Caproni, Stefano title: Letter to the editor: “COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies” date: 2020-07-17 words: 876.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260150-ynoevzrg.txt summary: The data we present here suggest that there has not been a reduction in the number of patients presenting with severe neurological emergencies at hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Although there has been an overall reduction in the total number of admissions to the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Umbria region, our data indicate that the percentage of patients requiring an acute neurological consultation remained stable (11.1% vs. These outcomes may be explained by a drop in the number of requests for neurological consultations in general whereas the number of admissions to the neurology ward confirms that serious neurological events requiring hospitalization did not decrease in the period considered, which is in line with the expected number of acute treatments performed for ischemic stroke. We should, therefore, be prepared to deal with the consequences of any COVID-19 outbreak on neurological care that may result from the increased prevalence of patients with this virus according to specific protocols and the best scientific evidence. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681500/ doi: 10.1007/s13760-020-01444-w id: cord-262575-06i2nv0t author: Caracciolo, Massimo title: Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-08-25 words: 2163.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262575-06i2nv0t.txt summary: title: Case Report: Canakinumab for the Treatment of a Patient With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Severe cases of COVID-19 present with serious lung inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high cytokine levels, including interleukin-6 and certain subsets of immune cells, in particular, NK, distinguished according to the cell surface density of CD56. Cytokine levels are inversely correlated with lymphocyte count, therefore cytokine release syndrome may be an impediment to the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. An 85 year old male presenting in our hospital with COVID-19, whose condition was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac and renal failure (with oliguria) after 25 days of hospitalization, was intubated and received canakinumab for compassionate use. The immune response, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of T cells, are essential for controlling the viral spread, inflammation, and tissue renewal (5, 6) . abstract: Severe cases of COVID-19 present with serious lung inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with high cytokine levels, including interleukin-6 and certain subsets of immune cells, in particular, NK, distinguished according to the cell surface density of CD56. Cytokine levels are inversely correlated with lymphocyte count, therefore cytokine release syndrome may be an impediment to the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-1β is under investigation for the treatment of severe SAR-CoV-2 infection. An 85 year old male presenting in our hospital with COVID-19, whose condition was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiac and renal failure (with oliguria) after 25 days of hospitalization, was intubated and received canakinumab for compassionate use. On the next day, diuresis recovered and conditions improved: high IL-6 levels and NK cells expressing CD56(bright) (associated with cytokine relase) were significantly reduced giving rise to NK CD56(dim). Patient died on day 58 with pulmonary bacterial superinfection and persistent SARS-CoV-2 positivity. In conclusion, canakinumab rescued a high risk, very elderly patient, from multiorgan damage complicating COVID-19. It may represent an useful treatment in severe cases. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01942 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01942 id: cord-264226-9tgnx7du author: Caramelo, Francisco title: Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results date: 2020-02-25 words: 2590.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264226-9tgnx7du.txt summary: China CDC has reported results of a descriptive exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed until the 11th February 2020, presenting the epidemiologic curves and geo-temporal spread of COVID-19 along with case fatality rate according to some baseline characteristics, such as age, gender and several well-established high prevalence comorbidities. A final point of paramount importance is that the equation presented here can be used to determine the probability of dying from COVID-19 for a particular patient, given its age interval, gender and comorbidities associated. The first death attributed to this novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 is the associated disease), occurred on January 13, and according to the China CDC 11 the case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.2%: 2 deaths in 1036 confirmed cases on the last day of January 2020. The main goal of the present work is to compute adjusted odds ratio (OR) for death from COVID-19 considering age intervals, gender and comorbidities as possible risk factors. abstract: Since late December 2019 a new epidemic outbreak has emerged from Whuhan, China. Rapidly the new coronavirus has spread worldwide. China CDC has reported results of a descriptive exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed until the 11th February 2020, presenting the epidemiologic curves and geo-temporal spread of COVID-19 along with case fatality rate according to some baseline characteristics, such as age, gender and several well-established high prevalence comorbidities. Despite this, we intend to increase even further the predictive value of that manuscript by presenting the odds ratio for mortality due to COVID-19 adjusted for the presence of those comorbidities and baseline characteristics such as age and gender. Besides, we present a way to determine the risk of each particular patient, given his characteristics. We found that age is the variable that presents higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, where 60 or older patients have an OR = 18.8161 (CI95%[7.1997; 41.5517]). Regarding comorbidities, cardiovascular disease appears to be the riskiest (OR=12.8328 CI95%[10.2736; 15.8643], along with chronic respiratory disease (OR=7.7925 CI95%[5.5446; 10.4319]). Males are more likely to die from COVID-19 (OR=1.8518 (CI95%[1.5996; 2.1270]). Some limitations such as the lack of information about the correct prevalence of gender per age or about comorbidities per age and gender or the assumption of independence between risk factors are expected to have a small impact on results. A final point of paramount importance is that the equation presented here can be used to determine the probability of dying from COVID-19 for a particular patient, given its age interval, gender and comorbidities associated. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.24.20027268 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.24.20027268 id: cord-293730-dlqo6fep author: Caratozzolo, Salvatore title: The impact of COVID-19 on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia in East Lombardy, Italy: results from COVIDEM network date: 2020-09-12 words: 3723.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293730-dlqo6fep.txt summary: Information on age, sex, education, clinical characteristics including dementia diagnosis, dementia severity by Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) [6] , Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [7] , and Basic Activity of Daily Life (BADL) [8] , walking, total number of chronic diseases and type of diseases among a pre-defined list (hypertension, COPD, renal disease, heart disease, cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatic disease, diabetes, thyroid disorders, arthritis), number of drugs, and flu vaccination were obtained from previous medical records based on the last recorded visit at CDCD. Findings from our study showed that COVID-19 affected over 10% of home-dwelling older patients with dementia who showed high risk of adverse outcomes, such as unplanned hospitalization and mortality. Findings of this study are in line with previous reports [10] [11] [12] and add new insight by showing that COVID-19 exerted a relevant impact on health status of home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia determining a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 outbreak has led to severe health burden in the elderly. Age, morbidity and dementia have been associated with adverse outcome. AIMS: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on health status in home-dwelling patients. METHODS: 848 home-dwelling outpatients with dementia contacted from April 27 to 30 and evaluated by a semi-structured interview to evaluate possible health complication due to COVID-19 from February 21 to April 30. Age, sex, education, clinical characteristics (including diagnosis of dementia) and flu vaccination history were obtained from previous medical records. Items regarding change in health status and outcome since the onset of the outbreak were collected. COVID-19 was diagnosed in patients who developed symptoms according to WHO criteria or tested positive at nasal/throat swab if hospitalized. Unplanned hospitalization, institutionalization and mortality were recorded. RESULTS: Patients were 79.7 years old (SD 7.1) and 63.1% were females. Ninety-five (11.2%) patients developed COVID-19-like symptoms. Non COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients differed for frequency of diabetes (18.5% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001), COPD (7.3% vs. 18.9%, p < 0.001), and previous flu vaccination (56.7% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001). Diabetes and COPD were positively associated with COVID-19, whereas higher dementia severity and flu vaccination showed an inverse association. Among COVID-19 patients, 42 (44.2%) were hospitalized while 32 (33.7%) died. Non COVID-19 patients’ hospitalization and mortality rate were 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. COVID-19 and COPD were significantly associated with the rate of mortality. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of adverse outcome related to COVID-19 was observed in home-dwelling elderly patients with dementia. Active monitoring though telehealth programs would be useful particularly for those at highest risk of developing COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40520-020-01676-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918696/ doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01676-z id: cord-313313-twct29aq author: Carbonell, Ana Piera title: Trombosis y covid-19: atención primaria clave en el abordaje interdisciplinar date: 2020-06-06 words: 937.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313313-twct29aq.txt summary: por lo que se remite al servicio de urgencias hospitalario para valoración de probable trombosis venosa profunda (TVP). Dada la clínica sugestiva de TVP y asociación a elevación del Dímero D y clínica compatible con COVID-19, se decide, teniendo en cuenta el buen estado de la paciente, la ausencia de disnea y la situación epidemiológica del momento, siguiendo protocolo hospitalario, iniciar HBPM a dosis terapéuticas y seguimiento clínico ambulatorio, pautándose tratamiento con bemiparina a dosis de 10000 UI cada 24 h y recomendaciones para evitar éstasis venoso. La trombosis se asocia a la infección producida por el SARS-CoV-2, estimándose alrededor de un 25% de casos de TEV en los pacientes con neumonía grave por COVID-19, aumentando su gravedad y confiriendo un peor pronóstico [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1138359320301945?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.002 id: cord-313537-920tgv1j author: Carbonell, Ana Piera title: Covid-19 y tromboprofilaxis: recomendaciones para nuestra práctica clínica en atención primaria date: 2020-09-18 words: 2640.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313537-920tgv1j.txt summary: Teniendo en cuenta que muchos de nuestros pacientes ya reciben terapia antitrombótica o anticoagulante, el hecho de que puedan desarrollar una infección por COVID-19 tendrá implicaciones para la elección, dosificación y control en associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, increasing its severity and conferring a worse prognosis. La enfermedad producida por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) , si bien en la mayoría de los pacientes infectados cursa con síntomas leves, en casos más severos puede progresar rápidamente y desarrollar un síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, shock séptico, coagulopatía y disfunción endotelial, que son los determinantes principales de la afectación microvascular, al producir una mayor vasoconstricción, isquemia orgánica, inflamación con edema tisular asociado y un estado procoagulante que predispone a la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV) y arterial. abstract: El nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) es el responsable de un síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS). Entre sus manifestaciones puede desarrollar una enfermedad trombótica, tanto venosa como arterial, debido a la inflamación excesiva que afecta al sistema vascular, con activación plaquetaria y disfunción endotelial, entre otros mecanismos. La trombosis se asocia a la infección producida por el SARS- CoV-2, aumentando su gravedad y confiriendo un peor pronóstico. Nuestra actuación como Médicos de Familia puede aportar acciones importantes en el manejo y control de esta severa complicación. Teniendo en cuenta que muchos de nuestros pacientes ya reciben terapia antitrombótica o anticoagulante, el hecho de que puedan desarrollar una infección por COVID-19 tendrá implicaciones para la elección, dosificación y control en su tratamiento. En este documento revisamos, con la información actualmente disponible, la relación entre enfermedad producida por el SARS-CoV-2 y trombosis, así como su manejo con un enfoque centrado en Atención Primaria. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Among its manifestations, it can develop a thrombotic disease, both venous and arterial, due to excessive inflammation that affects the vascular system, with platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction, among other mechanisms. Thrombosis is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, increasing its severity and conferring a worse prognosis. Our performance as Family Physicians can contribute important actions in the management and control of this severe complication. Considering that many of our patients already receive antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy, the fact that they may develop a COVID-19 infection will have implications for the choice, dosage and control of their treatment. In this document we review, with the information currently available, the relationship between disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and thrombosis, as well as its management with a focus on Primary Care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1138359320302884?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.07.007 id: cord-290947-5ewpvo4j author: Carda, Stefano title: The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the COVID-19 pandemic: the clinician''s view date: 2020-04-18 words: 1545.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290947-5ewpvo4j.txt summary: The Chinese Center for Disease Control recently published data on 44,672 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (1) , showing that 88% of patients were < 70 years old, with an overall mortality rate of 2%, but 19% of cases needed hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). The proportion of patients with COVID-19-related disability will be rapidly growing, and a prompt response from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) specialists is crucial to reduce disability and help re-establish and optimize the function of the acute hospital setting. The most common forms are 1) mild: no dyspnea, no low blood oxygen saturation (SatO2); 2) moderate: dyspnea, SatO2 94% to 98%, radiological signs of pneumonia; 3) severe: dyspnea, SatO2 ≤ 93%, respiratory rate (RR) >30/min, radiological progression of lesions, with O2 supplementation required, eventually with non-invasive ventilation; and 4) critical: patients need mechanical ventilation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32315802/ doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.001 id: cord-320145-582kmoyo author: Cardinal, R. N. title: Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering date: 2020-05-03 words: 5484.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320145-582kmoyo.txt summary: title: Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician-clinician encounters, clinician-patient-family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering We also varied clinician-clinician contact; baseline and ongoing "external" infection rates; whether overt symptoms reduced transmission risk behaviourally (e.g. via personal protective equipment, PPE); and household clustering. Appointment type and inter-clinician contact had greater effects at low external infection rates and without a behavioural symptom response. In Experiment 1, whole-population infection was dominated by baseline and external infection rates (with infection spreading primarily via intra-household contacts), plus the behavioural response to symptoms (all p⋘α), with only very small contributions from the appointment type and clinician-clinician meetings (Figure 2A) . The beneficial effects of symptom-triggered behaviour were proportionally greater with lower external infection rates, for higher-risk appointment types, and without clinician meetings. abstract: Background. Face-to-face healthcare, including psychiatric provision, must continue despite reduced interpersonal contact during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus) pandemic. Community-based services might use domiciliary visits, consultations in healthcare settings, or remote consultations. Services might also alter direct contact between clinicians. Aims. We examined the effects of appointment types and clinician-clinician encounters upon infection rates. Methods. We modelled a COVID-19-like disease in a hypothetical community healthcare team, their patients, and patients' household contacts (family). In one condition, clinicians met patients and briefly met family (e.g. home visit or collateral history). In another, patients attended alone (e.g. clinic visit), segregated from each other. In another, face-to-face contact was eliminated (e.g. videoconferencing). We also varied clinician-clinician contact; baseline and ongoing "external" infection rates; whether overt symptoms reduced transmission risk behaviourally (e.g. via personal protective equipment, PPE); and household clustering. Results. Service organization had minimal effects on whole-population infection under our assumptions but materially affected clinician infection. Appointment type and inter-clinician contact had greater effects at low external infection rates and without a behavioural symptom response. Clustering magnified the effect of appointment type. We discuss infection control and other factors affecting appointment choice and team organization. Conclusions. Distancing between clinicians can have significant effects on team infection. Loss of clinicians to infection likely has an adverse impact on care, not modelled here. Appointments must account for clinical necessity as well as infection control. Interventions to reduce transmission risk can synergize, arguing for maximal distancing and behavioural measures (e.g. PPE) consistent with safe care. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20081505 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20081505 id: cord-308252-qwoo7b1l author: Cardinale, Vincenzo title: Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis date: 2020-09-16 words: 4596.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308252-qwoo7b1l.txt summary: During the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this pathway is unbalanced due to intestinal involvement and systemic inflammatory response. This review provides evidence on gut-liver axis involvement in Covid-19 as well as insights into the hypothesis that intestinal endotheliitis and permeability changes with bacterial translocation are key pathophysiologic events modulating systemic inflammatory response. Since inflammation seems to upregulate ACE2 expression [17] , it is important to understand whether patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more susceptible to Covid-19 and the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with lung injury and fatal outcome [21] . While the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD patients depends on several universal risk factors, including social distancing [22] , older age and comorbidities have been associated with a negative outcome in IBD, whereas IBD treatments have not, highlighting that acute IBD flare prevention and inflammation reduction may avoid severe Covid-19 [23] . abstract: The microbiota-gut-liver-lung axis plays a bidirectional role in the pathophysiology of a number of infectious diseases. During the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this pathway is unbalanced due to intestinal involvement and systemic inflammatory response. Moreover, there is convincing preliminary evidence linking microbiota-gut-liver axis perturbations, proinflammatory status, and endothelial damage in noncommunicable preventable diseases with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) severity. Intestinal damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, systemic inflammation-induced dysfunction, and IL-6-mediated diffuse vascular damage may increase intestinal permeability and precipitate bacterial translocation. The systemic release of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g. lipopolysaccharides) and consequent immune-activation may in turn auto-fuel vicious cycles of systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, intestinal bacterial translocation may play an additive/synergistic role in the cytokine release syndrome in Covid-19. This review provides evidence on gut-liver axis involvement in Covid-19 as well as insights into the hypothesis that intestinal endotheliitis and permeability changes with bacterial translocation are key pathophysiologic events modulating systemic inflammatory response. Moreover, it presents an overview of readily applicable measures for the modulation of the gut-liver axis and microbiota in clinical practice. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1590865820304692 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.09.009 id: cord-290500-v2n8godx author: Cardinali, Daniel P. title: Elderly as a High-risk Group during COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Circadian Misalignment, Sleep Dysregulation and Melatonin Administration date: 2020-09-26 words: 3554.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290500-v2n8godx.txt summary: It involves adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of a chronobiotic medication like melatonin, which affects the output phase of circadian rhythms thus controlling the biological clock. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, several factors, including higher stress due to social isolation, diminished melatonin levels with age, and higher exposure of individuals to light at night which reduces melatonin levels and disrupts circadian rhythmicity must be considered. The decrease in circulating melatonin levels has been advocated as responsible for these changes [30, 33] Concerning immune regulation, the main age-related variations in immune system activity consist of a decline in T helper (Th) 1 and T regulatory (T reg) cell counts [34] in association with an increase in Th17 cell number [35] . Chronotherapy is designed to restore the proper circadian pattern of the sleep-wake cycle in the elderly, through adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of a chronobiotic medication like melatonin, that affects the output phase of circadian rhythms thus controlling the clock (Fig. 1) . abstract: The association of age with a higher vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is a subject of major importance. Several factors, including higher stress due to social isolation, diminished melatonin levels with age, and higher exposure of individuals to light at the evening, which reduces melatonin levels and disrupts circadian rhythmicity are relevant for maintaining the circadian health in aged individuals. Properly administered, chronotherapy restores the optimal circadian pattern of the sleep–wake cycle in the elderly. It involves adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of a chronobiotic medication like melatonin, which affects the output phase of circadian rhythms thus controlling the biological clock. Besides, the therapeutic potential of melatonin as an agent to counteract the consequences of COVID-19 infections has been advocated due to its wide-ranging effects as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and as an immunomodulatory agent, as well as to a possible antiviral action. This article discusses how chronotherapy may reverse the detrimental circadian condition of the elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015537/ doi: 10.1007/s41782-020-00111-7 id: cord-321503-w2m078r1 author: Cardwell, Ryan title: COVID-19 and International Food Assistance: Policy Proposals to Keep Food Flowing date: 2020-06-28 words: 3108.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321503-w2m078r1.txt summary: We discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the demand and the supply of international food assistance, and we propose three policy changes that can keep food flowing to those in need. Second, governments can exempt food assistance from trade barriers that impede procurement (export restrictions) and delivery (import tariffs). Third, donor countries can allow flexibility for implementing agencies by untying food assistance from domestic procurement and shipping restrictions. The policies that we present can keep food assistance flowing, and would not impose additional costs on donor countries-an important consideration for donor-country governments that are facing economic recessions. Increased need for food assistance will strain donors'' and funding agencies'' budgets, and reduce capacity to respond to other emerging (non-COVID-19) events over the next few years. Most other major donor countries provide food assistance as untied cash, leaving less space for policy changes to increase efficiency. Donor countries could commit to maintain, or even increase, funding for emergency food assistance. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is increasing the need for international food assistance, and disrupting the supply and delivery of food assistance. A series of unprecedented shocks is straining the capacity of food assistance organizations to reach vulnerable populations. We discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the demand and the supply of international food assistance, and we propose three policy changes that can keep food flowing to those in need. First, donor countries can prioritize humanitarian spending in aid-allocation decisions. Second, governments can exempt food assistance from trade barriers that impede procurement (export restrictions) and delivery (import tariffs). Third, donor countries can allow flexibility for implementing agencies by untying food assistance from domestic procurement and shipping restrictions. All of these suggestions are regulatory changes that can be made without requiring increased spending. These options are particularly relevant now because donor-country governments are entering economic recessions, and foreign aid budgets will be constrained. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20301856?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105059 id: cord-304791-wv4qu9xm author: Carfora, Vincenzo title: Anticoagulant treatment in COVID-19: a narrative review date: 2020-08-18 words: 3568.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304791-wv4qu9xm.txt summary: Besides the respiratory involvement, COVID 19 patients frequently develop a pro-coagulative state caused by virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, cytokine storm and complement cascade hyperactivation. [11] enrolled 183 consecutive COVID-19 patients and performed routine coagulation tests [PT, [8] In COVID-19-patients it is common to observe increased fibrinogen and D-Dimer levels Chen, 2020 [9] In COVID-19-patients it is common to observe variable levels of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and International standardized ratio (INR) Qin, 2020 [15] In COVID-19 the hyperinflammation mediated by IL-1, TNF-alfa and IL-6 leads to an increase of plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Campbell, 2020 [19] In a murine model of MERS-CoV infection, increased concentrations of C5a and C5b-9 were found in sera and lung tissues. Moreover, patients with cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia have high levels of circulating asymmetric di-methyl-arginine (ADMA) [28] , an analogue of L-arginine that inhibits NOS-3 activity [29] , and this leads to lower NO levels; this explains why endothelial dysfunction and the pro-coagulant state are more severe in this cohort of patients. abstract: The actual Coronavirus Disease (COVID 19) pandemic is due to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the coronavirus family. Besides the respiratory involvement, COVID 19 patients frequently develop a pro-coagulative state caused by virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, cytokine storm and complement cascade hyperactivation. It is common to observe diffuse microvascular thrombi in multiple organs, mostly in pulmonary microvessels. Thrombotic risk seems to be directly related to disease severity and worsens patients’ prognosis. Therefore, the correct understanding of the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 induced prothrombotic state can lead to a thorough assessment of the possible management strategies. Hence, we review the pathogenesis and therapy of COVID 19-related thrombosis disease, focusing on the available evidence on the possible treatment strategies and proposing an algorithm for the anticoagulation strategy based on disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32809158/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02242-0 id: cord-341868-btalafo6 author: Carlet, Jean title: Steroids for sepsis and ARDS: this eternal controversy remains with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 555.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341868-btalafo6.txt summary: Therefore, we do not think that it would be wise to try again those drugs in Covid-19 2) We used in the above paragraph the term "sepsis", just because it is a well-, known severe syndrome due to infectious agents. Many "sepsologists" push very hard and without any doubt to include Covid-19 severe cases in the sepsis syndrome. In addition, secondary infections with nosocomial pathogens are very frequent in severe COVID-19 disease, making the prognosis even more complex to evaluate. Although this study was not a phase III one, it''s double blind design and the relatively high number of patients makes it a key information 5) We are surprised to read that on September 25th, the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend the use of CS in severe COVID-19 cases, without any doubt or comments on the methodology of the various studies (3). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32132-2 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32132-2 id: cord-286975-id5dn795 author: Carlitz, Ruth D. title: Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 5095.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt summary: Using anonymized mobile phone data, we show that South Africans in all provinces reduced their mobility substantially in response to the government''s lockdown orders. While this suggests the lockdown measures have been effective in achieving their goals, we also reflect on how the government''s response and corresponding mobility reductions interact with existing inequalities, keeping in mind the country''s status as the world''s most unequal nation. This section examines how South African citizens responded to the government''s strict containment measures, drawing on Google''s COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Figure 3 shows that South Africa 10 consistently "outperforms" its peers in terms of reduced mobility relative to the stringency of government response with the exception of grocery and pharmacy visits reflecting the exemption of such businesses from the lockdown order. South Africa''s strict lockdown policies --and corresponding reductions in mobility by the country''s citizens --were put in place with the aim of reducing the spread of COVID-19. abstract: This research note sheds light on the first three months of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa, where the virus has spread faster than anywhere else in the region. At the same time, South Africa has been recognized globally for its swift and efficient early response. We consider the impact of this response on different segments of the population, looking at changes in mobility by province to highlight variation in the willingness and ability of different subsets of the population to comply with lockdown orders. Using anonymized mobile phone data, we show that South Africans in all provinces reduced their mobility substantially in response to the government’s lockdown orders. Statistical regression analysis shows that such mobility reductions are significantly and negatively associated with COVID-19 growth rates two weeks later. These findings add an important perspective to the emerging literature on the efficacy of shelter-in-place orders, which to date is dominated by studies of the United States. We show that people were particularly willing and able to act in the provinces hit hardest by the pandemic in its initial stages. At the same time, compliance with lockdown orders presented a greater challenge among rural populations and others with more precarious livelihoods. By reflecting on South Africa’s inequality profile and results of a recent survey, we demonstrate how the country’s response may deepen preexisting divides. This cautionary tale is relevant beyond South Africa, as much of the continent -- and the world -- grapples with similar tradeoffs. Along with measures to contain the spread of disease, governments and other development focused organizations should seriously consider how to offset the costs faced by already marginalized populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105168 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105168 id: cord-353064-x4dcfjm8 author: Carlos, Ruth C. title: Defining the Recovery date: 2020-07-01 words: 1355.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353064-x4dcfjm8.txt summary: "Hyperlocality," a neologism, emphasizes the unique coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related experiences of each of the communities served by our radiology practices and health care institutions. The JACR has responded quickly to the need for rapid review and dissemination of COVID-19-related information to help practices manage the acute phase of the pandemic and signpost the coming recovery by using an existing expedited peer-review process for high-impact manuscripts and fast-tracked online publication of preproofs. Variables influencing radiology volume recovery during the next phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Changes in interventional radiology practice in a tertiary academic center in the-United States during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic ACR statement on safe resumption of routine radiology care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Rescheduling non-urgent care in radiology: implementation during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Transparency and trust during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1546144020305500 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.025 id: cord-338419-n8cmv8mf author: Carmelo, Juliana de Carvalho title: Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics date: 2020-09-16 words: 1734.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338419-n8cmv8mf.txt summary: 2 Faced with this situation, many public health services, including dental clinics and dental radiology centers, have been required to change their daily routines and augment health care procedures to ensure the protection of both patients and service providers, given that COVID-19 is highly transmissible through contact with saliva droplets. Since dental professionals come into intimate contact with the patient''s mouth when obtaining radiography and tomography images, the relevance of care is thus of the utmost importance. 5 -Clinical environment: The entire dental care environment should be sanitized and disinfected after the patient leaves: reflectors, chair, equipment, and surfaces with 70% alcohol, with vigorous rubbing, for 30 seconds, or a 0.5% to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. 11 With its high transmissibility and the possibility of asymptomatic carriers, COVID-19 presents a high risk of infection for dental radiology professionals, who could consequently transmit the disease to others. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33005584/ doi: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.3.261 id: cord-269566-mgzal1th author: Carmody, Sean title: When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider date: 2020-05-07 words: 1409.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269566-mgzal1th.txt summary: Mass gatherings such as a large number of participants and particularly crowds attending sporting events likely increase risk of transmission of COVID-19. The WHO highlights five key factors in determining risk 10 : ► Will the event be held in a country that has documented active local transmission of COVID-19 (community spread)? If, for example, a match was postponed to August, was played behind closed doors, substantial but achievable mitigations including enhanced hygiene, social distancing where practical, the ability to test and contact trace were put in place and transmission was (for illustration) present but significantly less Editorial in the host country, then the risk from that event can be reduced to low. Discussion with government, local health authorities, event organisers and the participants could take place, regarding suitability to proceed and what other controls can further decrease risk ( figure 2) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32381501/ doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102539 id: cord-321259-wio2b49i author: Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac title: Digesting the crisis: autophagy and coronaviruses date: 2020-05-04 words: 4350.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321259-wio2b49i.txt summary: Of note, cellular manipulation of autophagic levels during infection may also reflect desperate attempts of the cell to reestablish homeostasis, either through restriction of viral entry by actively shunting endocytosis/endosomal trafficking (possibly resulting in autophagy reduction as a sideeffect) [39] or to counteract virally induced cell death by increasing cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, the group-specific accessory proteins, which by definition are not essential for viral replication but are involved in the modulation of host cells and immune evasion [66, 67] , may represent targets for reducing the autophagy-inhibitory effects of CoVs. The FDA-approved anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been suggested to be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 [68] [69] [70] , but this remains widely controversial [71] [72] [73] . Intriguingly, another recent preprint presents in vitro data showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection restricts autophagy and that, in turn, pro-autophagic compounds -including spermidine -may inhibit viral propagation [85] . abstract: Autophagy is a catabolic pathway with multifaceted roles in cellular homeostasis. This process is also involved in the antiviral response at multiple levels, including the direct elimination of intruding viruses (virophagy), the presentation of viral antigens, the fitness of immune cells, and the inhibition of excessive inflammatory reactions. In line with its central role in immunity, viruses have evolved mechanisms to interfere with or to evade the autophagic process, and in some cases, even to harness autophagy or constituents of the autophagic machinery for their replication. Given the devastating consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the question arises whether manipulating autophagy might be an expedient approach to fight the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this piece, we provide a short overview of the evidence linking autophagy to coronaviruses and discuss whether such links may provide actionable targets for therapeutic interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2020.05.715 doi: 10.15698/mic2020.05.715 id: cord-287520-51kmd2ds author: Carneiro, Arie title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist’s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low- and middle-income countries during the crisis period date: 2020-05-20 words: 4537.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287520-51kmd2ds.txt summary: Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient''s elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. If it is not possible to separate an entire surgical block, we suggest designating specific rooms for the care of patients with COVID-19 that will not be used for regular cases. The gold standard test for investigation of the upper urinary tract is uro-tomography, but in times when we need to consider the use of resources, ultrasound could potentially be used since many imaging services are overloaded due to the frequent indication of thoracic CTs for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Sars-Cov-2. -In Intermediate-risk and high-risk non--muscle-invasive bladder cancers: Clinically fit patients with no major comorbidities should receive induction therapy followed by at least 1-year maintenance BCG. abstract: This letter to the Editor aims to provide suggestions and recommendations for the management of urological conditions in times of COVID-19 crisis in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries. It is important to highlight that one of the main characteristics of this pandemic is the oversaturation of the health system capacity, mostly due to a high demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), Hospital/ICU beds, as well as ventilators. In places with limited resources and where the health care systems are already saturated, such consideration is even more worrisome. Therefore, most worldwide authorities are recommending to avoid, as much as possible, patient’s elective visits to hospitals, as well as a judicious use of the operating room in order to mitigate the strain put on the health system. While efforts should be directed to the care of COVID-19 patients, other conditions (especially urgencies and oncological cases) must continue to be assisted. Thus, through a panel of experts, we have prepared a practical guide for urologists based on the recommendations from the main Urologic Associations, as well as data from the literature to support the suggested management. We will try to follow the standard guideline recommendations from the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU), with the aim of pursuing the best outcomes possible. However, some recommendations were based on the consensus of the panel, taking into consideration the reality of developing countries and the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.04.03 doi: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.04.03 id: cord-342231-862kffnb author: Carneiro, Thiago title: Intravenous tPA for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 words: 1857.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342231-862kffnb.txt summary: Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes after administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for stroke in patients with COVID-19. Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes after administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for stroke in patients with COVID-19. 1 We present the outcomes of a multicenter series of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were treated with IV tPA for suspected acute ischemic stroke. All patients included were diagnosed with COVID-19 by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab, presented with acute neurological deficits (< 24 hours), received IV tPA per acute ischemic stroke American Heart Association guidelines, and underwent brain and intracranial vessel imaging. abstract: Background/Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), however, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes after administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for stroke in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We present a multicenter case series from 9 centers in the United States of patients with acute neurological deficits consistent with AIS and COVID-19 who were treated with IV tPA. Results: We identified 13 patients (mean age 62 (±9.8) years, 9 (69.2%) male). All received IV tPA and 3 cases also underwent mechanical thrombectomy. All patients had systemic symptoms consistent with COVID-19 at the time of admission: fever (5 patients), cough (7 patients), and dyspnea (8 patients). The median admission NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) score was 14.5 (range 3-26) and most patients (61.5%) improved at follow up (median NIHSS score 7.5, range 0-25). No systemic or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages were seen. Stroke mechanisms included cardioembolic (3 patients), large artery atherosclerosis (2 patients), small vessel disease (1 patient), embolic stroke of undetermined source (3 patients), and cryptogenic with incomplete investigation (1 patient). Three patients were determined to have transient ischemic attacks or aborted strokes. Two out of 12 (16.6%) patients had elevated fibrinogen levels on admission (mean 262.2 ± 87.5 mg/dl), and 7 out of 11 (63.6%) patients had an elevated D-dimer level (mean 4284.6 ±3368.9 ng/ml). Conclusions: IV tPA may be safe and efficacious in COVID-19, but larger studies are needed to validate these results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066885/ doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105201 id: cord-328696-ydhgzkzv author: Caro-Dominguez, Pablo title: Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases date: 2020-08-04 words: 4574.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328696-ydhgzkzv.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2. b Axial contrast-enhanced chest CT scan performed the same day demonstrates focal bilateral patchy rounded ground glass opacities (arrows) surrounded by a more or less complete ring-like consolidation (reverse halo sign) suggesting organizing pneumonia, which was a sign of severe extent of the disease. In children with severe clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the intensive care unit, the most common findings on chest radiograph were multifocal bilateral or unilateral airspace consolidation or multifocal ground glass opacities [8, 11, 12] . An axial non-enhanced CT shows small rounded multifocal ground glass opacities bilaterally in the lower lobes associated with small vessels (arrows) with COVID-19, this group of paediatric chest imaging experts found that chest radiograph findings in COVID-19 are nonspecific and can be seen in any lower airway infection and pneumonia. abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide to become a global pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected by completion of a standardised case report form submitted to the office of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology from March 12 to April 8, 2020. Chest imaging findings in children younger than 18 years old who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2 were included. Representative imaging studies were evaluated by multiple senior paediatric radiologists from this group with expertise in paediatric chest imaging. RESULTS: Ninety-one children were included (49 males; median age: 6.1 years, interquartile range: 1.0 to 13.0 years, range: 9 days–17 years). Most had mild symptoms, mostly fever and cough, and one-third had coexisting medical conditions. Eleven percent of children presented with severe symptoms and required intensive unit care. Chest radiographs were available in 89% of patients and 10% of them were normal. Abnormal chest radiographs showed mainly perihilar bronchial wall thickening (58%) and/or airspace consolidation (35%). Computed tomography (CT) scans were available in 26% of cases, with the most common abnormality being ground glass opacities (88%) and/or airspace consolidation (58%). Tree in bud opacities were seen in 6 of 24 CTs (25%). Lung ultrasound and chest magnetic resonance imaging were rarely utilized. CONCLUSION: It seems unnecessary to perform chest imaging in children to diagnose COVID-19. Chest radiography can be used in symptomatic children to assess airway infection or pneumonia. CT should be reserved for when there is clinical concern to assess for possible complications, especially in children with coexisting medical conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749530/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04747-5 id: cord-265799-qda5awuc author: Carothers, Chancey title: Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Suspected Remdesivir‐Associated Acute Liver Failure in COVID‐19: A Case Series date: 2020-10-02 words: 3152.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265799-qda5awuc.txt summary: We report two cases of suspected remdesivirassociated acute liver failure (ALF) in patients with COVID-19 in which the liver failure improved with the addition of continuous infusion acetylcysteine and discontinuation of potentially hepatotoxic medications. 10 The EUA fact sheet provided by the manufacturer states that in the original compassionate use program of remdesivir in patients with severe or critical illness with COVID-19, liver function test abnormalities were reported in 12% of patients with a time to onset from first dose ranging from 1-16 days. One published case report by Leegwater discusses a case of acute liver failure 5 days after initiation of remdesivir in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The use of the novel antiviral remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia may put patients at risk of drug-associated acute liver failure. abstract: Remdesivir is a direct‐acting nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor with activity against the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 virus used in the treatment of COVID‐19 pneumonia. Here we present two cases of suspected remdesivir‐associated acute liver failure (ALF) in which the liver failure improved following continuous infusion acetylcysteine and withdrawal of remdesivir. Both patients had significant increases in transaminases between day 3 and day 10 of remdesivir therapy accompanied by coagulopathy and encephalopathy. After initiation of continuous infusion acetylcysteine, the transaminases of both patients rapidly improved. Ultimately one patient fully recovered while the other died of suspected septic shock. Due to its novel nature and only recent widespread use, there is very little data on the risk of ALF from remdesivir. Additionally, the data for the use of acetylcysteine to manage non‐acetaminophen‐induced ALF is limited. It is important to consider the risk of remdesivir‐associated ALF when weighing the risk vs. benefits of use, and acetylcysteine may have a role in its management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006138/ doi: 10.1002/phar.2464 id: cord-271920-1dzkgt6w author: Carpenter, Christopher R. title: Diagnosing COVID‐19 in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review of Clinical Exam, Labs, Imaging Accuracy and Biases date: 2020-06-16 words: 7248.0 sentences: 523.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271920-1dzkgt6w.txt summary: 3 As waves of COVID-19 patients present to ED''s in coming months with symptoms or potential exposures, understanding the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of history, physical exam, routine labs, advanced imaging, and an evolving array of COVID-19 diagnostics will be essential knowledge to inform the timing of testing, optimal specimen and test selection, shared decision-making, and ultimately derivation of clinical instruments to guide disposition, follow-up, and shared The search strategy used a combination of standardized terms and key words, including but not limited to (Covid-19 OR Novel Coronavirus OR SARS-COV-2) AND (diagnosis OR polymerase chain reaction OR serology OR CRISPR-CAS OR sensitivity/specificity) (Appendix). 40,42 It is known, however, that false negatives are frequent, so current recommendations advise incorporating patient''s exposure risk, clinical signs and symptoms, routine lab and imaging findings, serology, and (when available) CT results into real-time determination of COVID-19 status. abstract: In December 2019 a novel viral respiratory pathogen emerged in China, ultimately named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Co‐V‐2) with the clinical illness dubbed coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). COVID‐19 became a global pandemic in early 2020 forcing governments worldwide to enact social isolation policies with dire economic ramifications. Emergency departments (ED) encountered decreased patient volumes before some in Seattle, New York City, New Orleans, and Detroit experienced waves of COVID‐19 patients mixed with asymptomatic patients or those concerned about potential exposures. Diagnosing COVID‐19 was hampered by inadequate supplies of reagents and kits, which was compounded by clinical and radiographic features that overlap with numerous seasonal viral respiratory infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14048 doi: 10.1111/acem.14048 id: cord-343982-ymaql0hx author: Carr, M. J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnoses, HbA1c monitoring and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a UK-wide cohort study involving 13 million people in primary care date: 2020-10-27 words: 4444.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343982-ymaql0hx.txt summary: ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplementary figure 2: Comparison of monthly HbA1c testing rates in people with type 2 diabetes in primary care by age, gender, deprivation level and by region before and after the first COVID-19 peak in England (CPRD Aurum) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplementary figure 6: Comparison of observed and expected monthly incidence rates for type 2 diabetes in primary care, HbA1c monitoring and new prescriptions for metformin and insulin before and after the first COVID-19 peak in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales (CPRD GOLD) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has already disproportionately impacted people with diabetes. Timely diagnosis and appropriate monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are necessary to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Methods: We constructed a cohort of 23M patients using electronic health records from 1709 UK general practices registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), including 13M patients followed between March and July 2020. We compared trends in diagnoses, monitoring and mortality in T2D, before and after the first COVID-19 peak, using regression models and 10-year historical data. We extrapolated the number of missed or delayed diagnoses using UK Office for National Statistics data. Findings: In England, rates of new T2D diagnoses were reduced by 70% (95% CI 68%-71%) in April 2020, with similar reductions in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Between March and July, we estimated that there were more than 45,000 missed or delayed T2D diagnoses across the UK. In April, rates of HbA1c testing in T2D were greatly reduced in England (reduction: 77% (95% CI 76%-78%)) with more marked reductions in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales (reduction: 84% (83-84%)). Reduced rates of diagnosing and HbA1c monitoring were particularly evident in older people, in males, and in those from deprived areas. Mortality rates in T2D in England were more than 2-fold higher (110%) in April compared to prior trends, but were only 66% higher in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Interpretation: As engagement with the NHS increases, healthcare services will need to manage the backlog and the expected increase in T2D severity due to delayed diagnoses and reduced monitoring. Older people, men, and those from deprived backgrounds with T2D may be groups to target for early intervention. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.25.20200675v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20200675 id: cord-289235-slkqu1pt author: Carrabba, Giorgio title: Neurosurgery in an infant with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 488.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289235-slkqu1pt.txt summary: Neurosurgery in infants with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therefore poses a dilemma because the infection is associated with relative immune suppression and a dysregulated inflammatory response, which act as drivers of the disease. 1 From Milan, Italy, we report the case of an 8-month-old male patient with a complex hydrocephalus who had a shunt malfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the baby showed upper respiratory symptoms due to COVID-19, concerns emerged regarding the need for general anaesthesia for shunt revision. To our knowledge, no reports exist regarding the risk of general anaesthesia in infants with COVID-19. Again, the baby underwent surgery under general anaesthesia without respiratory complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an infant with COVID-19 undergoing neurosurgical operations under general anaesthesia. This case might reflect a general observation of relative resistance of babies and children to 4 suggesting the possibility that paucisymptomatic infants with COVID-19 can undergo major surgical procedures without additional morbidity. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620309272 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30927-2 id: cord-326150-cf4rlqe5 author: Carrascosa, J M title: Manifestaciones cutáneas en el contexto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-31 words: 2443.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326150-cf4rlqe5.txt summary: Desde el punto de vista patogénico, la respuesta inmune desencadenada frente a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede resultar en efectos deletéreos, como la disfunción de las células endoteliales y la activación de las vías de la coagulación, que podrían explicar las complicaciones cardiovasculares y trombóticas que afectan a un subgrupo de pacientes. Desde el punto de vista histológico, en el conjunto de exantemas J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f En el estudio histológico de lesiones purpúricas cutáneas se ha encontrado la presencia de una vasculopatía trombogénica pauciinflamatoria, con depósito de C5b-9 y C4d , con localización de partículas virales, lo que ha permitido proponer la existencia de un síndrome de lesión microvascular catastrófica mediada por la activación del complemento 6 . De este modo, no puede descartarse que las lesiones acrales, descritas como características por su coincidencia epidemiológica más que por pruebas microbiológicas en la mayoría de los casos, puedan no tener que ver directamente con la COVID-19. abstract: La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha causado un gran impacto desde el punto de vista sanitario, económico y social. La semiología dermatológica se ha demostrado heterogénea y compleja. En la actualidad se han definido cinco grupos principales de manifestaciones cutáneas asociadas a la COVID19: lesiones acrales, exantemas vesiculares, erupciones urticariales, exantemas maculopapulares y lesiones livedoides/necróticas. Sin embargo, es probable que esta clasificación se modifique en el futuro. La clínica cutánea es probablemente el reflejo de distintas vías patogénicas con implicación variable de la infección vírica, del proceso inflamatorio, de las complicaciones vasculares o sistémicas de la enfermedad o incluso de los tratamientos administrados. El conocimiento de las manifestaciones cutáneas puede permitir un diagnóstico precoz o incluso servir como marcador pronóstico. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had enormous health, economic, and social consequences. The clinical spectrum of cutaneous manifestations observed in patients with COVID-19 is both heterogeneous and complex. To date, reports have identified 5 main categories: acral lesions, vesicular rashes, urticarial rashes, maculopapular rashes, and livedoid and necrotic lesions. However, these will probably be modified as new information comes to light. Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 probably reflect the activation of pathogenic pathways by the virus or a response to inflammatory processes, vascular or systemic complications, or even treatments. Familiarity with the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 may enable early diagnosis or help guide prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2020.08.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.08.002 id: cord-284042-awl5bb0j author: Carrascosa, J.M. title: Cutaneous Manifestations in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19)() date: 2020-10-15 words: 3952.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284042-awl5bb0j.txt summary: From the pathogenic point of view, the immune response triggered by infection with SARS-CoV-2 may result in harmful effects, such as endothelial cell dysfunction and activation of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulation pathways; this may explain the cardiovascular and thrombotic complications that affect a subgroup of patients. 19 Vesicular lesions, usually monomorphic, appear early on and may at times precede other symptoms (in 15% of patients), 11 although in most cases, up to 79.2% in a series of 24 patents reported by Fernandez-Nieto et al., 20 they occur at the onset of other symptoms. 21 reported the case of a female patient who developed an urticarial rash, accompanied by odynophagia and arthralgia, before developing the full clinical manifestations of COVID-19. abstract: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had enormous health, economic, and social consequences. The clinical spectrum of cutaneous manifestations observed in patients with COVID-19 is both heterogeneous and complex. To date, reports have identified 5 main categories: acral lesions, vesicular rashes, urticarial rashes, maculopapular rashes, and livedoid and necrotic lesions. However, these will probably be modified as new information comes to light. Cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 probably reflect the activation of pathogenic pathways by the virus or a response to inflammatory processes, vascular or systemic complications, or even treatments. Familiarity with the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 may enable early diagnosis or help guide prognosis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1578219020302754 doi: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.10.001 id: cord-276895-p85obwp2 author: Carriazo, Sol title: Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye date: 2020-07-16 words: 3633.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276895-p85obwp2.txt summary: The current issue of Clinical Kidney Journal presents 15 articles on COVID-19 and kidney disease from three continents, providing a global perspective of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on electrolytes and different kidney compartments (glomeruli, tubules and vascular compartments) and presenting clinically as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy, among others, in the context of a brand-new cardiorenal syndrome. The present issue of Clinical Kidney Journal (ckj) contains reports from the most affected countries (Figure 1 ) that illustrate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on electrolytes and the kidneys, the different possibilities for acute renal replacement therapy (RRT) and the impact of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on chronic RRT, with emphasis on preventive measures and providing insights into therapy. abstract: COVID-19 is a global pandemic fuelled in some countries by government actions. The current issue of Clinical Kidney Journal presents 15 articles on COVID-19 and kidney disease from three continents, providing a global perspective of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on electrolytes and different kidney compartments (glomeruli, tubules and vascular compartments) and presenting clinically as a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy, among others, in the context of a brand-new cardiorenal syndrome. Kidney injury may need acute dialysis that may overwhelm haemodialysis (HD) and haemofiltration capabilities. In this regard, acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) may be lifesaving. Additionally, pre-existent chronic kidney disease increases the risk of more severe COVID-19 complications. The impact of COVID-19 on PD and HD patients is also discussed, with emphasis on preventive measures. Finally, current therapeutic approaches and potential future therapeutic approaches undergoing clinical trials, such as complement targeting by eculizumab, are also presented. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32699613/ doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa112 id: cord-316925-l56cos15 author: Carriedo, Dr. Alejandro title: COVID-19, Psychological Well-being and Physical Activity Levels in Older Adults during the Nationwide Lockdown in Spain date: 2020-08-22 words: 4547.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316925-l56cos15.txt summary: This study is aimed to examine the psychological well-being of older adults during the home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate whether meeting the World Health Organization''s global recommendations on physical activity (PA) for health is associated with their resilience, affect, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Results showed that older adults who regularly engaged in vigorous (VPA) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the quarantine reported higher scores in resilience (Locus, Self-efficacy, and Optimism), positive affect, and lower in depressive symptoms. The main goal of this study was to assess the psychological well-being of older adults during the home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore whether meeting the WHO''s 18 global recommendations on PA for health was associated with their resilience, affect, and depressive symptoms. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has forced nationwide lockdowns in many countries. As a result, most of the Spanish population had to self-isolate at home. The physical and psychological consequences of this unexpected scenario could be particularly worrisome for people older than 60 years. This study is aimed to examine the psychological well-being of older adults during the home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate whether meeting the World Health Organization's global recommendations on physical activity (PA) for health is associated with their resilience, affect, and depressive symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 483 citizens whose ages ranged from 60 to 92 years (overall sample: M=65.49, SD=5.14) were recruited via a snowball sampling strategy to answer to an online questionnaire. MEASUREMENTS: The four instruments used were The Connor-Davidson CD-RISC resilience scale, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the six-item self-report scale of Depressive Symptoms, and The international Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Results showed that older adults who regularly engaged in vigorous (VPA) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the quarantine reported higher scores in resilience (Locus, Self-efficacy, and Optimism), positive affect, and lower in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: These finding are the first quantitative evidence pointing toward a link between engagement in VPA and/or MVPA and resilience, positive affect, and depressive symptoms within the COVID-19 restrictions in Spain. Acknowledging these associations may be important in developing health promotion programs for older people during the remaining period of confinement or future ones. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064748120304474?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.007 id: cord-027589-v03xnlx9 author: Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. title: Using country-level variables to classify countries according to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases: An unsupervised machine learning approach date: 2020-06-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians whom have provided evidence about risk factors and clinical outcomes. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic benefiting from open-access data and machine learning algorithms is still scarce yet can produce relevant and pragmatic information. With country-level pre-COVID-19-pandemic variables, we aimed to cluster countries in groups with shared profiles of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Unsupervised machine learning algorithms (k-means) were used to define data-driven clusters of countries; the algorithm was informed by disease prevalence estimates, metrics of air pollution, socio-economic status and health system coverage. Using the one-way ANOVA test, we compared the clusters in terms of number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, case fatality rate and order in which the country reported the first case. Results: The model to define the clusters was developed with 155 countries. The model with three principal component analysis parameters and five or six clusters showed the best ability to group countries in relevant sets. There was strong evidence that the model with five or six clusters could stratify countries according to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (p<0.001). However, the model could not stratify countries in terms of number of deaths or case fatality rate. Conclusions: A simple data-driven approach using available global information before the COVID-19 pandemic, seemed able to classify countries in terms of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The model was not able to stratify countries based on COVID-19 mortality data. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308996/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15819.3 id: cord-032691-d9jg0471 author: Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. title: COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports date: 2020-09-21 words: 2714.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032691-d9jg0471.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome: a systematic review of case reports Through a systematic review of case reports, we aimed to summarize the main features of patients with GBS and COVID-19. Results: Eight reports (n=12 patients) of GBS and COVID-19 were identified; one was a Miller Fisher case. Consequently, to understand the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and GBS, and to identify potential patterns, we conducted a systematic review of case reports of COVID-19 and GBS. Although the viral characteristics differ greatly, it is still relevant to make initial comparisons with cases of GBS and Zika virus (Table 2) , where there also appears to be a male predominance and the age profile seems similar 15, 16 . On the other hand, there are very few patients from different countries in the reviewed reports, so I suggest not summarize the data as presented. abstract: Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a neurological autoimmune disease that can lead to respiratory failure and death. Whether COVID-19 patients are at high risk of GBS is unknown. Through a systematic review of case reports, we aimed to summarize the main features of patients with GBS and COVID-19. Methods: Without any restrictions, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science and MedXriv (April 23 rd, 2020). Two reviewers screened and studied titles, abstracts and reports. We extracted information to characterize sociodemographic variables, clinical presentation, laboratory results, treatments and outcomes. Results: Eight reports (n=12 patients) of GBS and COVID-19 were identified; one was a Miller Fisher case. The age ranged between 23 and 77 years, and there were more men (9/102). GBS symptoms started between 5 and 24 days after those of COVID-19. The protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid samples ranged between 40 and 193 mg/dl. None of the cerebrospinal fluid samples tested positive for COVID-19. Six patients debuted with ascendant weakness and three with facial weakness. Five patients had favourable evolution, four remained with relevant symptoms or required critical care and one died; the Miller Fisher case had successful resolution. Conclusions: GBS is emerging as a disease that may appear in COVID-19 patients. Although limited, preliminary evidence appears to suggest that GBS occurs after COVID-19 onset. Practitioners and investigators should have GBS in mind as they look after COVID-19 patients and conduct research on novel aspects of COVID-19. Comparison with GBS patients in the context of another viral outbreak (Zika), revealed similarities and differences that deserves further scrutiny and epidemiological studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7509591/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15987.2 id: cord-328556-sop1yjv7 author: Carrion, D M title: Evaluación de las Tendencias y Presentación Clínica de Pacientes con Cólico Nefrítico que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias Durante la Era Pandémica del COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 words: 2740.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328556-sop1yjv7.txt summary: Fueron incluidos pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias por cólico renal (unilateral o bilateral) secundario a litiasis confirmadas en pruebas de imagen durante los 45 días previos y posteriores a la declaración de estado de alarma de cada país. [2] Mientras los hospitales han estado desbordados con pacientes con COVID-19, ha habido una disminución en las visitas al Servicio de Urgencias (SU) con afecciones sin síntomas graves o que no ponen en peligro la vida, como el cólico nefrítico agudo no complicado. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el número de pacientes que acuden a urgencias con cólico nefrítico, los posibles retrasos en las consultas y la gravedad de la situación clínica en tres centros hospitalarios de dos de los países europeos más afectados, Italia y España. Los datos de nuestro estudio mostraron una disminución significativa de las visitas a urgencias por cólico nefrítico tras el estado de alarma en España e Italia. abstract: Introducción: Nuestra hipótesis es que la pandemia por COVID-19, y el estado de alarma impuesto por los gobiernos, pueden haber retrasado las visitas a urgencias por cólicos nefríticos, debido al miedo a contagiarse en los centros sanitarios. Este atraso en acudir a los servicios de urgencias puede llevar a un empeoramiento clínico y aumentar las complicaciones relacionadas a la enfermedad o al tratamiento recibido. Material y métodos: Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de tres centros hospitalarios en España e Italia. Fueron incluidos pacientes atendidos en el servicio de urgencias por cólico renal (unilateral o bilateral) secundario a litiasis confirmadas en pruebas de imagen durante los 45 días previos y posteriores a la declaración de estado de alarma de cada país. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, síntomas y signos de presentación, análisis de sangre y orina, pruebas de imagen, y manejo terapéutico. El análisis estadístico se realizó entre dos grupos, Grupo A: pacientes que acudieron antes de la declaración del estado de alarma y Grupo B: Pacientes que acudieron tras la declaración del estado de alarma. Resultados: Un total de 397 pacientes que acudieron a urgencias por cólicos nefríticos secundarios a litiasis fueron incluidos en el estudio, 285 (71.8%) en el Grupo A, y 112 (28.2%) en el Grupo B (p<0.001). Un total de 135 (47.4%) en el Grupo A y 63 (56.3%) en el Grupo B (p=0.11) admitieron haber pospuesto su búsqueda de atención médica urgente. En el momento de la valoración inicial, no se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos en los niveles de creatinina sérica, leucocitosis, fiebre, oliguria, dolor, o hidronefrosis. Además, no se observaron diferencias en relación a la estancia media, ingreso en el servicio de urología, o necesidad de tratamientos invasivos. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados muestran una disminución significativa de atenciones en urgencias por cólicos nefríticos tras la declaración del estado de alarma en España e Italia. A diferencia de otros estudios publicados recientemente, no encontramos diferencias en la estancia media, ingreso al servicio de urología, o necesidad de tratamientos invasivos en pacientes que se presentaron antes y después del estado de alarma. Introduction: We hypothesized that the recent COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a delay in renal colic patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) due to the fear of getting infected. This delay may lead to a more severe clinical condition at presentation with possible complications for the patients. Methods: Retrospective review of data collected from three institutions from Spain and Italy. Patients who presented to ED with unilateral or bilateral renal colic caused by imaging confirmed urolithiasis during the 45 days before and after each national lockdown were included. Data collected included patients’ demographics, biochemical urine and blood tests, radiological tests, signs, symptoms and the therapeutic management. Analysis was performed between two groups, Group A: patients presenting prior to the national lockdown date; and Group B: patients presenting after the national lockdown date. Results: A total of 397 patients presented to ED with radiology confirmed urolithiasis and were included in the study. The number of patients presenting to ED with renal/ureteric colic was 285 (71.8%) patients in Group A and 112 (28.2%) patients in Group B (p<0.001). The number of patients reporting a delay in presentation was 135 (47.4%) in Group A and 63 (56.3%) in Group B (p=0.11). At presentation, there were no statistical differences between Group A and Group B regarding the serum creatinine level, C reactive protein, white blood cell count, fever, oliguria, flank pain and hydronephrosis. In addition, no significant differences were observed with the length of stay, Urology department admission requirement and type of therapy. Conclusions: Data from our study showed a significant reduction in presentations to ED for renal colic after the lockdown in Spain and Italy. However, we did not find any significant difference with the length of stay, Urology department admission requirement and type of therapy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S021048062030190X doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.08.006 id: cord-292345-zc209dfx author: Carroll, Elizabeth title: Catastrophic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Two Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 words: 1580.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292345-zc209dfx.txt summary: Although it has been noted that COVID-19 may increase risk for acute cerebrovascular events, including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke [2] , to our knowledge, this is the first report of patients with COVID-19 who had catastrophic intracranial hemorrhages. To address this, Thachil noted that use of anticoagulation in patients with elevated D-dimers may decrease mortality by both preventing thrombi and dampening the inflammatory response triggered by COVID-19 [7] . Thus, at our center, it was decided that therapeutic anticoagulation should be initiated empirically for patients with COVID-19 who have a D-dimer > 10,000 ng/ mL and considered for patients who have a D-dimer between 2000 and < 10,000 ng/mL using treatment dose enoxaparin or heparin titrated to a low therapeutic anti-Xa goal of 0.3-0.5 U/mL. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32458333/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00993-5 id: cord-282530-55lhjfm8 author: Carsana, Luca title: Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study date: 2020-06-08 words: 3429.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282530-55lhjfm8.txt summary: [6] [7] [8] [9] We describe the lung histopathological findings from a large series of patients who died from COVID-19 in northern Italy, with the aim of reporting the main micro scopic pulmonary lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe respiratory failure. To our knowledge, these data represent the first relevant provisional information regarding tissue damage specifically induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the previously described diffuse alveolar damage, a feature that characterises interstitial pneumonia regardless of infectious agent. 3, 4, 11, 14 In two autopsy studies of patients who died from SARS (eight cases from Singapore 11 and 20 cases from Toronto), 3 the predominant pattern of lung injury was diffuse alveolar damage, including the exudative and proliferative phases. In a case report of a patient who died from COVID-19 in China, the histological findings in the lungs included desquamation of pneumocytes, diffuse alveolar damage, and oedema. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is characterised by respiratory symptoms, which deteriorate into respiratory failure in a substantial proportion of cases, requiring intensive care in up to a third of patients admitted to hospital. Analysis of the pathological features in the lung tissues of patients who have died with COVID-19 could help us to understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We systematically analysed lung tissue samples from 38 patients who died from COVID-19 in two hospitals in northern Italy between Feb 29 and March 24, 2020. The most representative areas identified at macroscopic examination were selected, and tissue blocks (median seven, range five to nine) were taken from each lung and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for at least 48 h. Tissues were assessed with use of haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for inflammatory infiltrate and cellular components (including staining with antibodies against CD68, CD3, CD45, CD61, TTF1, p40, and Ki-67), and electron microscopy to identify virion localisation. FINDINGS: All cases showed features of the exudative and proliferative phases of diffuse alveolar damage, which included capillary congestion (in all cases), necrosis of pneumocytes (in all cases), hyaline membranes (in 33 cases), interstitial and intra-alveolar oedema (in 37 cases), type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia (in all cases), squamous metaplasia with atypia (in 21 cases), and platelet–fibrin thrombi (in 33 cases). The inflammatory infiltrate, observed in all cases, was largely composed of macrophages in the alveolar lumina (in 24 cases) and lymphocytes in the interstitium (in 31 cases). Electron microscopy revealed that viral particles were predominantly located in the pneumocytes. INTERPRETATION: The predominant pattern of lung lesions in patients with COVID-19 patients is diffuse alveolar damage, as described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Hyaline membrane formation and pneumocyte atypical hyperplasia are frequent. Importantly, the presence of platelet–fibrin thrombi in small arterial vessels is consistent with coagulopathy, which appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 and should be one of the main targets of therapy. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32526193/ doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30434-5 id: cord-271425-ysdw31nq author: Carson, R. T. title: COVID-19''s U.S. Temperature Response Profile date: 2020-11-05 words: 13174.0 sentences: 696.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271425-ysdw31nq.txt summary: By largely replacing the death counts states report daily, with counts based on death certificate date, we build a week-ahead statistical forecasting model that explains most of the daily variation (R-square = 0.97) and isolates the COVID-19 temperature response profile (p < 0.001). We investigate (Table S6 ) the sensitivity of our results to range of alternative specifications (e.g., different infection pool indicators, different temperature scaling functions, adding absolute humidity, relative humidity, ultraviolet radiation, the inclusion of shelter-in-place/reopening orders, lagged cumulative death counts, and use of the CTP death counts) and provide further discussion of modelling issues in the Supplementary Information (SI) section on Modeling Approach. The SI section on Alternative Specifications for Base Death Count Model describes additional analyses that (a) look at alternative temperature scaling functions, (b) substitute DailyDeadit-14 or NewPositivesit-7 for DailyDeadit-7, and (c) add the dates of state actions such as shelter-in-place orders as control variables. abstract: We estimate the U.S. temperature response curve for COVID-19 and show transmission is quite sensitive to temperature variation. This is despite summer outbreaks widely assumed to show otherwise. By largely replacing the death counts states report daily, with counts based on death certificate date, we build a week-ahead statistical forecasting model that explains most of the daily variation (R-square = 0.97) and isolates the COVID-19 temperature response profile (p < 0.001). These counts normalized at 31C (U.S. mid-summer average) scale up nearly 160% at 5C. Positive cases are more temperature sensitive; scaling up by almost 400% between 31C and 5C. Dynamic feedback amplifies these effects. There is a short window to get COVID-19 under control before cooler weather makes the task substantially more challenging. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225581 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225581 id: cord-282268-f7mbdfr6 author: Cartenì, Armando title: How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study date: 2020-06-24 words: 5276.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282268-f7mbdfr6.txt summary: By contrast, the hypothesis discussed in this research is that the time period (days) in which a new positive case of coronavirus is identified and certified, which could be called a sort of a positivity detection time, is longer than the incubation time because of possible delays between contagion and detection caused, for example, by the significant percentage of tests that prove false negative to COVID-19, or by the fraction of people who, although infected, are asymptomatic and/or initially show only mild symptoms, and therefore do not resort to health care. Estimates were made through a multiple linear regression model linking the number of certified daily cases (day-to-day) to socio-economic indices (e.g. number of residents; population density), environmental variables (e.g. temperature, PM pollution), health care indicators (e.g. number of swabs taken daily) and mobility habits (e.g. number people who performed trips several days before). abstract: Abstract Starting from December 2019 the world has faced an unprecedented health crisis caused by the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) due to the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen. Within this topic, the aim of the paper was to quantify the effect of mobility habits in the spread of the Coronavirus in Italy through a multiple linear regression model. Estimation results showed that mobility habits represent one of the variables that explains the number of COVID-19 infections jointly with the number of tests/day and some environmental variables (i.e. PM pollution and temperature). Nevertheless, a proximity variable to the first outbreak was also significant, meaning that the areas close to the outbreak had a higher risk of contagion, especially in the initial stage of infection (time-decay phenomena). Furthermore, the number of daily new cases was related to the trips performed three weeks before. This threshold of 21 days could be considered as a sort of positivity detection time, meaning that the mobility restrictions quarantine commonly set at 14 days, defined only according to incubation-based epidemiological considerations, is underestimated (possible delays between contagion and detection) as a containment policy and may not always contribute to effectively slowing down the spread of virus worldwide. This result is original and, if confirmed in other studies, will lay the groundwork for more effective containment of COVID-19 in countries that are still in the health emergency, as well as for possible future returns of the virus. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720340110 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489 id: cord-274368-s1h3p5s9 author: Carter, B. title: Nosocomial COVID-19 infection: examining the risk of mortality. The COPE-Nosocomial study (COVID in Older PEople). date: 2020-07-21 words: 3459.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274368-s1h3p5s9.txt summary: Nosocomial infection is defined as an infection that is acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection (at least 15 days prior to a positive COVID-19 diagnosis), and in whom the pathogen was not incubating at the time of admission. However, a large study in the United States reported that non-ventilator associated nosocomial pneumonia occurred in 2.1% of all hospital admissions, with a mortality rate of 13.1% (12) . There is no current published data for nosocomial versus community acquired COVID-19 in UK hospitals, leaving uncertainty around morbidity or mortality and heightened public anxiety. Clinical teams at each site screened in-patient admission lists for eligibility and had access to infection control records of positive COVID-19 laboratory testing. Since hospital workers or patient visitors with COVID-19 were not included in the definition of NC infection, or were patients with a positive diagnosis less than 15 days prior to their admission. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hospital admissions for non-COVID-19 pathology have significantly reduced. It is believed that this may be due to public anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 infection in hospital and the subsequent risk of mortality. There is an urgent need for clarity regarding patients who acquire COVID-19 in hospital (nosocomial COVID-19 infection [NC]), their risk of mortality, compared to those with community acquired COVID-19 (CAC) infection. METHODS: The COPE-Nosocomial Study was an observational cohort study. The primary outcome was the time to all-cause mortality (estimated with an adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]), and secondary outcomes were Day-7 mortality and the time-to-discharge. A mixed-effects multivariable Cox’s proportional hazards model was used, adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS: Our study included 1564 patients from 10 hospital sites throughout the UK, and one in Italy, and collected outcomes on patients admitted up to 28(th) April, 2020. 12.5% of COVID-19 infections were acquired in hospital. 425 (27.2%) patients with COVID died. The median survival time in NC patients was 14 days, which compared to 10 days in CAC patients. In the primary analysis, NC infection was associated with reduced mortality (aHR=0.71, 95%CI 0.51-0.99). Secondary outcomes found no difference in Day-7 mortality (aOR=0.79, 95%CI 0.47-1.31), but NC patients required longer time in hospital during convalescence (aHR=0.49, 95%CI 0.37-0.66). CONCLUSION: The minority of COVID-19 cases were the result of NC transmission. Whilst no COVID-19 infection comes without risk, patients with NC had a reduced risk of mortality compared to CAC infection, however, caution should be taken when interpreting this finding. In the United Kingdom, authority to conduct the study was granted by the Health Research Authority (20/HRA/1898), and in Italy by the Ethics Committee of Policlinico Hospital Modena (Reference 369/2020/OSS/AOUMO). Cardiff University was the study sponsor. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670120303443?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.013 id: cord-279396-qmixem8i author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: a critical care perspective date: 2020-06-01 words: 5302.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279396-qmixem8i.txt summary: In addition to the relatively high numbers of COVID-19 patients developing severe respiratory failure resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requiring intubation and ventilatory support, the current data suggests an average length of stay for COVID patients in intensive care of eight days. The critical care nurse needs to recognise that patients who develop severe COVID-19 can rapidly develop Type 1 Respiratory Failure, ARDS and therefore require ventilatory support. 18 In non COVID-19 patients with increasing respiratory failure the use of High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) or Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) may be used as a treatment strategy. 40 There is also a suggestion that an increased number of healthcare professionals is needed when providing care, particularly in critical care for procedures requiring two nurses to one patient (2:1) when PPE is worn. abstract: Abstract COVID-19 is a new highly infectious disease with an incompletely described clinical course, which has caused a pandemic, with Europe being identified as the third epicentre. COVID-19 has placed unprecedented pressure on critical care services which is likely to stretch resources beyond capacity. The situation is exacerbated by increased staff absence from self-isolation and illness, increased referral of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who develop respiratory failure, and limited availability of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) services. In addition, there is the ongoing challenge of patients being transferred between departments and hospitals for ongoing care. In consequence, as current needs continue to rise, innovative approaches are needed to redress shortages and support the continuance of services. This article provides an overview of severe COVID-19 infection, outlining treatment strategies and nursing processes that will need to develop and extend in response to this evolving situation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666869620300038?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100003 id: cord-312847-2cg3ylfl author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: assessment of a critically ill patient date: 2020-06-01 words: 5888.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312847-2cg3ylfl.txt summary: Abstract With the major scale up of critical care services to respond to the increasing numbers of patients with severe COVID-19 infection, nurses need to be able to rapidly assess patients. In this article, the assessment of a patient with suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19 has been presented initially from a ward perspective, followed by that of critical care, using the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure (ABCDE) approach. In this article, the assessment of a patient with suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19 has been presented initially from a ward perspective initially, followed by critical care. Essential physiological observations for these patients are respiratory rate, oxygen saturations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, conscious level using the Alert, Confused, Voice, Pain and Unresponsive (AVPU) or Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scale, pain score and urine output. 20 Pulse oximetry readings do not provide information about respiratory rate, tidal volume, cardiac output or blood pressure, therefore assessment, monitoring and recording of these additional observations is essential. abstract: Abstract With the major scale up of critical care services to respond to the increasing numbers of patients with severe COVID-19 infection, nurses need to be able to rapidly assess patients. While many patients present with signs of viral pneumonia and may develop respiratory failure, it is essential that the subsequent systemic complications are also recognized. Due to the unprecedented numbers of patients requiring critical care, many of them will initially have to be managed in the emergency departments and acute wards until a critical care bed becomes available. In this article, the assessment of a patient with suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19 has been presented initially from a ward perspective, followed by that of critical care, using the Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure (ABCDE) approach. This article has been specifically designed to enable nurses to systematically assess patients and prioritise care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666869620300014?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100001 id: cord-329215-awxfetdj author: Carter, Chris title: COVID-19 Disease: invasive ventilation date: 2020-06-01 words: 5519.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329215-awxfetdj.txt summary: Abstract This article focuses on the critical care nurse''s role in the management of patients with COVID-19 who require invasive ventilation in order to improve outcomes and prevent complications. Where respiratory failure requires emergency tracheal intubation (passing of an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea) for patients with COVID-19, it is a high-risk procedure, increasing viral load to healthcare workers and other patients. 5 Due to the rapid increase in numbers of patients, and the acute deterioration associated with severe COVID-19 infection, it is now frequently performed outside of the critical care unit by specially formed intubation teams. Prior to commencing invasive ventilation, the critical care team needs to be aware of the patient''s normal lung function whenever possible so that parameters can be set to deliver appropriate and realistic targets for oxygenation. The increasing numbers of severe COVID-19 patients requiring invasive ventilation is likely to place a critical demand on oxygen supplies which may lead to supply failure. abstract: Abstract This article focuses on the critical care nurse’s role in the management of patients with COVID-19 who require invasive ventilation in order to improve outcomes and prevent complications. The nature of COVID-19 is such that many patients deteriorate rapidly and for members of this group requiring intubation and invasive ventilation, different approaches to airway management and ventilatory support are required. In order to reduce the risk of complications and an overview of invasive ventilation, including commonly used modes, potential complications, nursing care, weaning and extubation are all described. COVID-19 presents several challenges as the disease progresses, hypoxemia may worsen, and the patient can develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Therefore, additional treatment strategies including the use of the prone position and the use of nitric oxide and prostacyclin nebulisers have been included. The strategies presented in this article are relevant to both critical care nurses and those re-deployed to intensive care units where nurses will inevitably be involved in the management of patients requiring invasive ventilation. Weaning these patients off invasive ventilation is multi-factorial and may be short or long term. A multi-disciplinary weaning plan, the principles, stages/phases, and speed of weaning with expected parameters prior extubation are explained. Planned and unplanned extubation with the serious complications of the latter as the patient may not be ready and may require emergency re-intubation resulting in setbacks should be avoided. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266686962030004X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intcar.2020.100004 id: cord-292347-d7xq7x5g author: Carter, Linda J. title: Assay Techniques and Test Development for COVID-19 Diagnosis date: 2020-04-30 words: 3426.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292347-d7xq7x5g.txt summary: 375 While RT-PCR-based viral RNA detection has been widely 376 used in diagnosis of COVID-19, it cannot be used to monitor 377 the progress of the disease stages and cannot be applied to 378 broad identification of past infection and immunity. 46,47 410 The determination of SARS-CoV-2 exposure relies largely 411 on the detection of either IgM or IgG antibodies that are 412 specific for various viral antigens including, but not exclusively, 413 the spike glycoprotein (S1 and S2 subunits, receptor-binding 414 domain) and nucleocapsid protein. While RT-PCR has been 571 the dominant technique for detection of viral RNA, other 572 nucleic acid assays including isothermal amplification assays, 573 hybridization microarray assays, amplicon-based metagenomics 574 sequencing, and the cutting-edge CRISPR-related technologies 575 are also under development or have resulted in approved 576 tests. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00501 doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00501 id: cord-335104-8b2tpbsh author: Carugno, Andrea title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? date: 2020-07-27 words: 589.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335104-8b2tpbsh.txt summary: authors: Carugno, Andrea; Gambini, Daniele Mario; Raponi, Francesca; Vezzoli, Pamela; Robustelli Test, Elisa; Arosio, Marco Enrico Giovanni; Callegaro, Annapaola; Sena, Paolo title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: Is there a role for Interleukin 17? Various cutaneous manifestations have been observed in COVID-19 patients 1 and there has been worldwide concern among patients undergoing biologic therapies. [2] [3] [4] We report our experience with a COVID-19 psoriatic patient treated with anti-interleukin-(IL)-17 who developed a late onset rash. About 5 weeks later, he referred to us due to the rapid onset of a mild pruritic erythematooedematous morbilliform rash, rapidly spreading from arms to trunk and lower limbs; he also showed an initial flare-up of his psoriasis The patient developed a mild form of COVID-19, even though his age and comorbidities are most typically associated with poorer prognosis. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and biologic therapy in psoriasis: infection risk and patient counseling in uncertain times abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14011 doi: 10.1111/dth.14011 id: cord-321074-7jfy8cn6 author: Caruso, Damiano title: Quantitative Chest CT analysis in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-12 words: 2918.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321074-7jfy8cn6.txt summary: Quantitative Chest CT analysis was performed with a dedicated software that provides total lung volume, healthy parenchyma, GGOs, consolidations and fibrotic alterations, expressed both in liters and percentage. Lung quantification in liters showed significant differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients for GGOs (0.55 ± 0.26L vs 0.43 ± 0.23L, p = 0.0005) and fibrotic alterations (0.05 ± 0.03 L vs 0.04 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.0001). A recent consensus statement from the Fleischner Society pointed out as imaging is indicated for medical triage of suspected COVID-19 patients presenting moderate-severe clinical features and a high pre-test probability of disease [13] . According to the hospital internal protocol, at the time of admission suspected COVID-19 patients presenting moderate-severe clinical features and a high pre-test probability of disease (fever defined as > 37.5 °C and respiratory symptoms or direct contact with a confirmed COVID-19 patient) underwent nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2. abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pneumonia is characterized by ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidations on Chest CT, although these CT features cannot be considered specific, at least on a qualitative analysis. The aim is to evaluate if Quantitative Chest CT could provide reliable information in discriminating COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 31, 2020 until April 18, 2020, patients with Chest CT suggestive for interstitial pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups based on positive/negative COVID-19 RT-PCR results. Patients with pulmonary resection and/or CT motion artifacts were excluded. Quantitative Chest CT analysis was performed with a dedicated software that provides total lung volume, healthy parenchyma, GGOs, consolidations and fibrotic alterations, expressed both in liters and percentage. Two radiologists in consensus revised software analysis and adjusted areas of lung impairment in case of non-adequate segmentation. Data obtained were compared between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Performance of statistically significant parameters was tested by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Final population enrolled included 190 patients: 136 COVID-19 patients (87 male, 49 female, mean age 66 ± 16) and 54 non-COVID-19 patients (25 male, 29 female, mean age 63 ± 15). Lung quantification in liters showed significant differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients for GGOs (0.55 ± 0.26L vs 0.43 ± 0.23L, p = 0.0005) and fibrotic alterations (0.05 ± 0.03 L vs 0.04 ± 0.03 L, p < 0.0001). ROC analysis of GGOs and fibrotic alterations showed an area under the curve of 0.661 (cutoff 0.39 L, 68% sensitivity and 59% specificity, p < 0.001) and 0.698 (cutoff 0.02 L, 86% sensitivity and 44% specificity, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of GGOs and fibrotic alterations on Chest CT could be able to identify patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044733/ doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01291-y id: cord-025689-g3q5bo38 author: Carvalho, Joana title: Challenges in the practice of Sexual Medicine, Sex Therapy, and Sexual Counseling in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7261466/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.024 id: cord-278558-znqscgxb author: Carvalho, Tatiana Aline title: COVID-19 in Brazil: 150,000 deaths and the Brazilian underreporting date: 2020-10-21 words: 1414.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278558-znqscgxb.txt summary: Comparing the deaths by natural causes expected and the excess mortality rate, there is a 22% increase in deaths mainly of male patients and individuals over 60 years old. As discussed in the Lancet editorial, in Brazil, the authors concluded: "The challenge is ultimately political, requiring continuous engagement by Brazilian society as a whole to secure the right to health for all Brazilian people." [10] At the same time, it is necessary to have transparency and clarity in the data about COVID-19, which includes the real rate of deaths and cases associated with the disease. (iii) Maybe, our data represents the Brazilian underreporting for severe patients affected by COVID-19 due to limitations to perform the SARS-CoV-2 screen by RT-PCR. c , The first line for each region represents the excess mortality rate (number of deaths) by natural causes and the percentage at each group according to sex and age. abstract: Brazil is one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic and has reported 5,113,628 cases and 150,998 deaths by the disease. Comparing the deaths by natural causes expected and the excess mortality rate, there is a 22% increase in deaths mainly of male patients and individuals over 60 years old. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0732889320306350 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115258 id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 words: 5776.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt summary: These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. abstract: The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001393512031313X doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 id: cord-337629-rwgqkow3 author: Casale, Manuele title: Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-08-15 words: 1403.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337629-rwgqkow3.txt summary: We advocate the inclusion of SNIs and ethanol oral rinses as additional measures to the current public health measures, to prevent and control the transmission of any respiratory infectious disease, including COVID-19. 9 conducted a pilot, randomized controlled trial of hypertonic SNI and gargling (HSNIG) versus standard care on healthy adults within 48 hours of URTI onset to assess recruitment, acceptability, symptom duration, and viral shedding of a large number of viruses such as rhinovirus, enterovirus, influenza A virus, and coronavirus. To date, there are not any studies which specifically investigated the antiviral activity of chloride salts against coronavirus family in the nasal mucosa cells. Randomized clinical trials on large population are needed to verify the efficacy of SNIs and oral rinses in preventing spread of COVID-19 evaluating the number of episodes, viral load in the nasal cavities, transmission within household contacts, medication consumption, reported illness, school and work absence, and complication rate. abstract: Public health measures are essential to protect against COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The nose and the mouth represent entry portals for the COVID 19. Saline Nasal Irrigations (SNIs) can reduce the viral load in the nasal cavities. Oral rinse with antimicrobial agents is efficacious in reducing the viral load in oral fluids. We advocate the inclusion of SNIs and ethanol oral rinses as additional measures to the current public health measures, to prevent and control the transmission of any respiratory infectious disease, including COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32799596/ doi: 10.1177/2058738420941757 id: cord-353588-8uyezpko author: Casali, Nicole title: “Andrà tutto bene”: Associations Between Character Strengths, Psychological Distress and Self-efficacy During Covid-19 Lockdown date: 2020-10-13 words: 7330.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353588-8uyezpko.txt summary: Data were collected from 944 Italian respondents (mean age = 37.24 years, SD = 14.50) by means of an online survey investigating character strengths, psychological distress and Covid-19-related self-efficacy one month after lockdown began. This factor had the greatest associations with the DASS-21 (β = −0.48) and SEC (β = 0.48), followed by the GHQ-12 (β = −0.38), indicating that people well-endowed with transcendence strengths (e.g. hope, zest, gratitude) scored higher for general mental health, lower for psychological distress (fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress), and higher for self-efficacy in coping with the lockdown situation. Turning to our main aim, we examined the associations between character strengths and both mental health (in general, and distress in particular) and Covid-19-related self-efficacy at both factor and single-strength levels. In conclusion, this study examines the associations of character strengths with Covid-19-related psychological distress and self-efficacy under lockdown in such a severelyaffected population as the Italian one. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic obliged people around the world to stay home and self-isolate, with a number of negative psychological consequences. This study focuses on the protective role of character strengths in sustaining mental health and self-efficacy during lockdown. Data were collected from 944 Italian respondents (mean age = 37.24 years, SD = 14.50) by means of an online survey investigating character strengths, psychological distress and Covid-19-related self-efficacy one month after lockdown began. Using principal component analysis, four strengths factors were extracted, namely transcendence, interpersonal, openness and restraint. Regression models with second-order factors showed that transcendence strengths had a strong inverse association with psychological distress, and a positive association with self-efficacy. Regression models with single strengths identified hope, zest, prudence, love and forgiveness as the strengths most associated with distress, love and zest as the most related to self-efficacy and zest to general mental health. Openness factor and appreciation of beauty showed an unexpected direct relation with psychological distress. These results provide original evidence of the association of character strengths, and transcendence strengths in particular, with mental health and self-efficacy in a pandemic and are discussed within the field of positive psychology. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10902-020-00321-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00321-w doi: 10.1007/s10902-020-00321-w id: cord-327787-vlbpijqg author: Casalino, Giuseppe title: Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom date: 2020-04-28 words: 505.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327787-vlbpijqg.txt summary: Conjunctivitis seems to be a rare clinical finding among patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 since it has been reported in <1% of the overall cases in China [3] . The importance of recognizing possible early ocular manifestation of COVID-19, as well as using protective eyewear among healthcare professionals, has already been outlined in recent editorials [5] [6] [7] . The present case outlines the importance of questioning patients presenting with conjunctivitis about respiratory and other systemic symptoms which should prompt clinicians to rule out COVID-19 infection. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear These authors contributed equally: Giuseppe Casalino, Gaspare MonacoAcknowledgements We thank all the colleagues and allied health professionals supporting our Eye Emergency Department and the other wards of the hospital during this difficult time of pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-020-0909-x doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0909-x id: cord-266993-vt0aq7k6 author: Casas Rojo, J. M. title: Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. date: 2020-05-26 words: 3720.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266993-vt0aq7k6.txt summary: A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. The SEMI-COVID registry is an ongoing retrospective cohort, comprising most consecutive patients hospitalized in Spain from March 1 st 2020 up to the end of the pandemy, discharged with confirmed COVID-19 disease. Data are collected retrospectively and include approximately 300 variables grouped under various headings: (1) inclusion criteria, (2) epidemiological data, (3) RT-PCR and serology data, (4) personal medical and medication history, (5) symptoms and physical examination findings at admission, (6) laboratory (blood gases, metabolic panel, complete blood count, coagulation) and diagnostic imaging tests, (7) additional data at seven days after admission or at admission to the intensive care unit, (8) pharmacological treatment during the hospitalization (antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, antibiotics) and ventilator support, (9) complications during the hospitalization, and (10) progress after discharge and/or 30 days from diagnosis. abstract: Background. Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. Methods. A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. Results. Up to April 30th 2020, 6,424 patients from 109 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.1 years (range: 18-102 years) and 56.9% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.2%, 39.7%, and 18.7%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (86.2%) and cough (76.5%). High values of ferritin (72.4%), lactate dehydrogenase (70.2%), and D-dimer (61.5%), as well as lymphopenia (52.6%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.7%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (62.4%). 31.5% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.1%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.2%, 60-69 years: 9.1%, 70-79 years: 21.4%, 80-89 years: 42.5%, [≥] 90 years: 51.1%). Conclusions. The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20111971v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111971 id: cord-332454-fays5l5d author: Casas-Rojo, J M title: Características clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en España: resultados del Registro SEMI-COVID-19 date: 2020-07-19 words: 3289.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332454-fays5l5d.txt summary: Crear un registro de pacientes hospitalizados en España por COVID-19 para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos de esta enfermedad. El objetivo principal del registro es generar, en un corto período de tiempo, una gran cohorte multicéntrica con información detallada sobre la epidemiología, el curso clínico y el tratamiento recibido por los pacientes. El Registro SEMI-COVID-19 es una cohorte retrospectiva en curso que incluye consecutivamente a la mayor parte de los pacientes dados de alta o fallecidos tras su ingreso por COVID-19 confirmada en 150 hospitales de España desde el día 1 de marzo de 2020 hasta el final de la pandemia. Son candidatos para su inclusión todos los pacientes dados de alta o fallecidos tras su ingreso hospitalario con una infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada. Esta es la mayor serie descrita de pacientes hospitalizados en España con enfermedad COVID-19 confirmada, y una de las mayores del mundo hasta la fecha. abstract: Resumen Antecedentes. España ha sido uno de los países más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo. Crear un registro de pacientes hospitalizados en España por COVID-19 para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos de esta enfermedad. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, multicéntrico, que incluye pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados con COVID-19 confirmada en toda España. Se obtuvieron los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos, las pruebas complementarias al ingreso y a los siete días de la admisión, los tratamientos administrados y la evolución a los 30 días de hospitalización de las historias clínicas electrónicas. Resultados. Hasta el 30 de junio de 2020 se incluyeron 15.111 pacientes de 150 hospitales. Su mediana de edad fue 69,4 años (rango: 18-102 años) y el 57,2% eran hombres. Las prevalencias de hipertensión, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus fueron 50,9%, 39,7% y 19,4%, respectivamente. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre (84,2%) y tos (73,5%). Fueron frecuentes los valores elevados de ferritina (73,5%), lactato deshidrogenasa (73,9%) y dímero D (63,8%), así como la linfopenia (52,8%). Los fármacos antivirales más utilizados fueron la hidroxicloroquina (85,6%) y el lopinavir/ritonavir (61,4%). El 33,1% desarrolló distrés respiratorio. La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 21,0%, con un marcado incremento con la edad (50-59 años: 4,7%, 60-69 años: 10,5%, 70-79 años: 26,9%, ≥80 años: 46%). Conclusiones. El Registro SEMI-COVID-19 proporciona información sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en España. Los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en España son en su mayoría casos graves, ya que uno de cada tres pacientes desarrolló distrés respiratorio y uno de cada cinco pacientes falleció. Nuestros datos confirman una estrecha relación entre la edad avanzada y la mortalidad. Abstract Background: Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease. Design: A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain. Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records. Results: Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included. Their median age was 69.4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57.2% were male. Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50.9%, 39.7%, and 19.4%, respectively. The most frequent symptoms were fever (84.2%) and cough (73.5%). High values of ferritin (73.5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73.9%), and D-dimer (63.8%), as well as lymphopenia (52.8%), were frequent. The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85.6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61.4%). 33.1% developed respiratory distress. Overall mortality rate was 21.0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4.7%, 60-69 years: 10.5%, 70-79 years: 26.9%, ≥80 years: 46.0%). Conclusions The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain. Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died. These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001425652030206X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.07.003 id: cord-346565-vsgbmxzv author: Cascella, Marco title: Rapid and Impressive Response to a Combined Treatment with Single-Dose Tocilizumab and NIV in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia/ARDS date: 2020-07-27 words: 3855.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346565-vsgbmxzv.txt summary: Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 pneumonia (CARDS) represents a clinical challenge, requiring often invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Despite that at the beginning of the pandemic, early invasive mechanical ventilation was indicated as the optimal strategy for CARDS management, in COVID-19 pneumonia the clinical picture of severe hypoxemia contrasted with the typical ARDS respiratory mechanics. Clinical experience, for example, suggested that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a role of primary importance in the management of CARDS as it can improve oxygenation, limiting the work of the respiratory muscles and preventing the onset of the patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) [2] . In this setting, adding the prone position to NIV could improve oxygenation, decrease respiratory effort, reducing self-induced lung injury, and avoid the need of intubation and invasive ventilation, which could be particularly useful in the case of reduced availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds [4] [5] [6] . abstract: Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 pneumonia (CARDS) represents a clinical challenge, requiring often invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Since the pathogenesis of CARDS it probably involves a direct viral attack to pulmonary and endothelium cells, and immune-mediated inflammation with dysfunctional coagulation, it was suggested to interfere with interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity by using the IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab (TCZ). We reported the case of a 54-year-old 100 kg male COVID-19 patient (BMI 29) with severe respiratory insufficiency featuring dyspnea and hypoxia (SpO(2) 89% on room; PaO(2) 53 mmHg). Despite treatment with antiviral and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), after 24 h there was a progressive worsening of clinical conditions with higher fever (40 °C), increased dyspnea, and hypoxia (PaO(2)/FiO(2) or P/F ratio of 150). The patient was at the limit to be sedated and intubated for IMV. He was treated with tocilizumab (8 mg/Kg i.v., single shot 800 mg) and NIV in the prone positioning. After only 96 h, the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings showed incredible improvement. There was an important gain in oxygenation (P/F 300), a decrease of C-reactive protein values, and a decrease of the fever. Both the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the derived NLR ratio dropped down to 44%. Chest imaging confirmed the favorable response. This case suggested that for CARDS management efforts are needed for reducing its underlying inflammatory processes. Through a multiprofessional approach, the combination of IL-6-targeting therapies with calibrated ventilatory strategies may represent a winning strategy for improving outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080377 doi: 10.3390/medicina56080377 id: cord-265603-3we40x62 author: Casey, M. title: Estimating pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19: a secondary analysis using published data date: 2020-05-11 words: 4492.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265603-3we40x62.txt summary: The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 11, 2020 Here, using secondary analysis of data collated in meta-analysis [33] and a rapid systematic review [34] that are published separately, we apply a standardised methodology to estimate the proportion and timing of pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in a range of different contexts. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 doi: medRxiv preprint 6 Scholar [38] , MedRxiv [39] and BioRxiv [40] with the following keywords: "Novel coronavirus" OR "SARS CoV 2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "COVID-19" AND "serial interval" OR "latent period" OR "incubation period" OR "generation time" OR "infectiousness" OR "pre-symptomatic" OR "asymptomatic"). Based on the estimates reported by our meta-analysis [33] and rapid systematic review [34] , we simulated data for incubation period, serial interval and generation time. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 doi: medRxiv preprint 8 incubation period sample was subtracted from the generation time or serial interval sample to give a resultant distribution indicating transmission time relative to onset of symptoms. abstract: Background: Understanding the extent of virus transmission that can occur before symptom onset is vital for targeting control measures against the global pandemic of COVID-19. Objective: Estimation of (1) the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 that can occur and (2) timing of transmission relative to symptom onset. Design: Secondary analysis of published data Data sources: Meta-analysis of COVID-19 incubation period and a rapid systematic review of serial interval and generation time, which are published separately. Methods: Simulations were generated of incubation period and of serial interval or generation time. From these, transmission times relative to symptom onset were calculated and the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission was estimated. Results: A total of 23 estimates of serial interval and five estimates of generation time from 17 publications were included. These came from nine different data source categories (presented here in descending order of the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission): Hong Kong, Tianjin, pooled data from Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Singapore, Mainland China excluding Hubei, mixed sources, Shenzhen, northern Italy and Wuhan. Transmission time relative to symptom onset ranged from a mean of 2.05 days before symptom onset for Hong Kong to 1.72 days after symptom onset for Wuhan. Proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission ranged from 33.7% in Wuhan to 72.7% in Hong Kong. Based on individual estimates, transmission time relative to symptom onset ranged from mean of 2.95 days before symptom onset to 1.72 days after symptom onset and proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission ranged from 33.7% to 79.9%. Simple unweighted pooling of estimates based on serial intervals resulted in a mean time of transmission of 0.67 days before symptoms, and an estimated 56.1% of transmission occurring in the pre-symptomatic period. Conclusions: Contact rates between symptomatic infectious and susceptible people are likely to influence the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission. There is substantial potential for pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 in a range of different contexts. Our work suggests that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is most likely in the day before symptom onset whereas estimates suggesting most pre-symptomatic transmission highlighted a mean transmission times almost 3 days before symptom onset. These findings highlight the urgent need for extremely rapid and effective case detection, contact tracing and quarantine measures if strict social distancing measures are to be eased. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.08.20094870v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20094870 id: cord-341314-1mav631s author: Caso, Valeria title: No lockdown for neurological diseases during COVID19 pandemic infection date: 2020-04-08 words: 1706.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341314-1mav631s.txt summary: Baracchini et al., in this brief report published in this current issue, are sharing how the University Hospital of Padua, with a catchment area of about 950.000 people, structured a pathway for acute stroke patients before admitting them to our Stroke Unit [9] . In the case of ischemic stroke without large vessel occlusion, the patient is transferred to the Infectious Disease Department or a dedicated Medical Department after thrombolysis treatment and will be continued to be clinically monitored by the stroke team and by the internist. In case of large vessel occlusion, the patient is admitted to the Angio-suite of the Neuroradiology Unit for endovascular treatment, and the personnel is pre-alerted for adopting adequate PPEs. At the end of the procedure, the patient is transferred to the Infectious Disease ward or a dedicated Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dedicated to COVID-19 patients based on neurological conditions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32270358/ doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04389-3 id: cord-283208-uetq1p1n author: Castellano, Giuseppe title: Treatment of COVID-19 atypical pneumonia by early Tocilizumab administration in “non-critically-ill” patients on hemodialysis date: 2020-09-30 words: 1368.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283208-uetq1p1n.txt summary: Fever immediately remitted and lymphocyte and monocyte counts, CRP and LDH progressively normalized ( Fig. 2a-d) ; O2 therapy was discontinued 10 days after Tocilizumab with improvement of the atypical pneumonia ( Fig. 2e-f) . Furthermore, patients were characterized by high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, a multi-functional During the first days of hospital admission the patient presented a progressive and rapid decrease in Lymphocyte and Monocyte blood count, associated with a significant increase in LDH and CRP blood levels (a). In agreement with our data, early Tocilizumab The administration of Tocilizumab at day 3 induced a progressive improvement of all the laboratory parameters.We found a progressive decrease in Lymphocyte (a) and Monocyte (b) blood count, associated with a significant increase in LDH (c) and CRP blood levels (d). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00872-4 doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00872-4 id: cord-326821-x6comwwl author: Castelli, Roberto title: Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-04-23 words: 900.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326821-x6comwwl.txt summary: title: Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection Comparably, but slightly higher records of thromboembolic complications (up to about 30%) were observed in Italian patients admitted in ICU (unpublished data). Normal incidence of deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized Italian patients without COVID-19 is reported 0.025% [10] . The thromboembolic complications observed in Italian patients affected by severe COVID-19 include venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (VTE). Table 1 shows the most frequent hemostatic alterations observed among Italian patients admitted to ICU for respiratory failure. All these findings suggest a mechanism of inflammatory-mediated macro-and micro-thrombosis as a pathogenetic mechanism of damage in the setting of severe COVID-19 infection. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32362977/ doi: 10.14740/jh636 id: cord-290619-e4h47fo4 author: Castiglioni, Massimo title: SURGICAL RESECTIONS OF SUPERINFECTED PNEUMATOCELES IN A COVID-19 PATIENT date: 2020-06-27 words: 883.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290619-e4h47fo4.txt summary: ABSTRACT Emerging studies on radiological findings in COVID-19 patients report a high incidence of bilateral lung involvement, with GGOs imaging being the most common pattern on CT. We report a case of a COVID-19 patient successfully treated by lung resections for infected pneumatoceles. In some patients, pneumatoceles may occur due to damage to the alveolar walls caused by either the infection or lung ventilation [3, 4] . Emerging reports on radiological findings in patients with COVID-19 have documented high incidence of bilateral lung involvement, with GGOs being the most common pattern on chest CT [1, 3] . Although there are no widely accepted therapeutic algorithms for the management of complicated pneumatoceles, some authors advocate early percutaneous drainage as a first-line strategy; on failure of this approach surgical resection should be considered [5] . This report describes a COVID-19 patient who was successfully treated by urgent surgery for two infected pneumatoceles causing acute respiratory failure and sepsis that was non-responsive to antibiotics. abstract: ABSTRACT Emerging studies on radiological findings in COVID-19 patients report a high incidence of bilateral lung involvement, with GGOs imaging being the most common pattern on CT. Cystic lesions, such as pneumatoceles, are rare, although they may occur in 10% of cases. Cyst formation may be explained by a focal pulmonary trauma due to mechanical ventilation and/or infection-related damage to the alveolar walls leading to pneumatoceles. The superinfection of pneumatoceles is a potential life-threating condition for which no standardized therapeutic algorithm has been accepted. We report a case of a COVID-19 patient successfully treated by lung resections for infected pneumatoceles. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003497520310274?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.06.008 id: cord-340583-kjrxrk50 author: Castro‐Rodriguez, Jose A. title: Asthma and COVID‐19 in children – a systematic review and call for data date: 2020-06-18 words: 3081.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340583-kjrxrk50.txt summary: Importantly, none of the largest epidemiological studies including children with COVID-19 reported clinical findings or underlying characteristics to help assess whether asthma -or other chronic lung diseases-constitutes a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 severity. Rather than a risk factor, a recent review of data in adults reported that both asthma and COPD appear to be under-represented in the comorbidities reported for patients with COVID-19, compared with global estimates of prevalence for these conditions in the general population (63) . After an extensive review of the current literature, only two reports included information on asthma as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection -but not severity or mortality-in children. However, the largest studies to date have been limited to a description of the number of cases by age group, and so it remains unclear whether childhood asthma -or other pediatric respiratory diseases-are associated with COVID-19 risk or severity. abstract: RATIONALE: Whether asthma constitutes a risk factor for COVID‐19 is unclear. Here we aimed to assess whether asthma, the most common chronic disease in children, is associated with higher COVID‐19 risk or severity in pediatric populations. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in three stages: First, we reviewed PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL for systematic reviews of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 in pediatric populations, and reviewed their primary articles; second, we searched PubMed for studies on COVID‐19 or SARS‐CoV‐2 and asthma/wheeze, and evaluated whether the resulting studies included pediatric populations; third, we repeated the second search in BioRxiv.org and MedRxiv.org to find pre‐prints that may have information on pediatric asthma. RESULTS: In the first search, eight systematic reviews were found, of which five were done in pediatric populations; none of the 67 primary studies included data on pediatric asthma as a comorbidity for COVID‐19. In the second search, we found 34 results in PubMed, of which five reported asthma in adults, but none included data on children. In the third search, 25 pre‐prints in MedRxiv included data on asthma, but none on children. We found one report by the U.S. CDC stating that 40/345 (~11.5%) children with data on chronic conditions had “chronic lung diseases including asthma”, and one from a tertiary hospital in New York that reported asthma in 11/46 (~23.9%) children hospitalized for COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: There is scarcely any data on whether childhood asthma (or other pediatric respiratory diseases) constitute risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or COVID‐19 severity. Studies are needed that go beyond counting the number of cases in the pediatric age range. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24909 doi: 10.1002/ppul.24909 id: cord-346558-u1e0kzmm author: Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia title: Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature date: 2020-05-11 words: 3534.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346558-u1e0kzmm.txt summary: Since in China smoking habit differs according to gender (52.1% of men and only 2.7% of women regularly smoke (22)), Chinese men have higher prevalence of comorbidities and a higher rate of severe or fatal outcomes in COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco smoking has been hypothesized to be an important risk factor for poor prognosis (3, 4) . A systematic review and meta-analysis (published in pre-print in April, 2020), focusing on smoking and COVID-19 progression, evaluated 12 studies (but not their quality on smoking data) and reported severe disease progression in 17.8% of smokers in comparison to 9.3% of non-smokers and a statistically significant association between smoking and disease severity (OR = 2.25, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.49-3.39); nevertheless, out of 9025 patients only 495 (5.5%) were ever smokers (27) . A very recent systematic review (also published in pre-print in April 2020), tried to clarify the role of smoking on infection, hospitalization, disease severity and mortality from COVID-19 and summarized the main findings emerged so far (31) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic burst onto the international scene as a new disease disproportionately affecting certain patient groups; hence it has risen many questions yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to outline the main issues that led tobacco smoking being discussed as a potential risk factor associated with COVID-19. METHODS: articles from MEDLINE and pre-prints published from January to April 2020 were identified. RESULTS: data from China showed that men had more severe outcomes of COVID-19 than women. Since smoking prevalence is very high among Chinese men in comparison to women, it was hypothesized that smoking could be a risk factor for poor prognosis. This was also supported by the higher prevalence of comorbidities, many of which tobacco-related diseases, in patients with severe COVID-19, who were also more likely to have a smoking history. A meta-analysis confirmed these results, reporting an OR=2.25 (95% CI: 1.49-3.39) for developing severe COVID-19 among patients with a smoking history. Some authors, noticing that reported smoking prevalence among hospitalized patients was substantially lower than smoking prevalence in the source populations, speculated a protective role of nicotine. However, it is likely that low prevalence among hospitalized patients are partially due to many smokers misclassified as nonsmokers. Tobacco smoking seems to cause a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE2), the virus cellular entry receptor, which could explain the higher risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for further independent studies to clarify the role of smoking on COVID-19 incidence, progression and mortality. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9624 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9624 id: cord-345611-xv62h83a author: Cavalcanti, A. B. title: Hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin to prevent major clinical events in hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19): rationale and design of a randomised, controlled clinical trial date: 2020-05-26 words: 4284.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345611-xv62h83a.txt summary: Methods and analysis: We describe the rationale and design of an open-label pragmatic multicentre randomised (concealed) clinical trial of 7 days of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg BID) plus azithromycin (500 mg once daily), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID, or standard of care for moderately severe hospitalised patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (in-patients with up to 4L/minute oxygen supply through nasal catheter). The control group receive the current standard of care treatment for COVID-19, which includes daily monitoring with clinical assessment of the attending physician, routine laboratory tests (blood count, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes and bilirubin, c-reactive protein) at the discretion of the attending physician, respiratory and motor physiotherapy, surveillance of vital parameters according to the patient''s location (inpatient unit and ICU), at least once per period, which may be more frequent CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine and its combination with azithromycin have been suggested to improve viral clearance in patients with COVID-19, but its effect on clinical outcomes remains uncertain. Methods and analysis: We describe the rationale and design of an open-label pragmatic multicentre randomised (concealed) clinical trial of 7 days of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg BID) plus azithromycin (500 mg once daily), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID, or standard of care for moderately severe hospitalised patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (in-patients with up to 4L/minute oxygen supply through nasal catheter). Patients are randomised in around 50 recruiting sites and we plan to enrol 630 patients with COVID-19. The primary endpoint is a 7-level ordinal scale measured at 15-days: 1)not hospitalised, without limitations on activities; 2)not hospitalised, with limitations on activities; 3)hospitalised, not using supplementary oxygen; 4)hospitalised, using supplementary oxygen; 5)hospitalised, using high-flow nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation; 6)hospitalised, on mechanical ventilation; 7)death. Secondary endpoints are the ordinal scale at 7 days, need for mechanical ventilation and rescue therapies during 15 days, need of high-flow nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation during 15 days, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, thromboembolic events, occurrence of acute kidney injury, and number of days free of respiratory support at 15 days. Secondary safety outcomes include prolongation of QT interval on electrocardiogram, ventricular arrhythmias, and liver toxicity. The main analysis will consider all patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the groups they were randomly assigned. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by Brazil's National Ethic Committee (CONEP) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). An independent data monitoring committee will perform interim analyses and evaluate adverse events throughout the trial. Results will be submitted for publication after enrolment and follow-up are complete, as well as presented and reported to local health agencies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04322123 url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20106997 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106997 id: cord-336543-ydrmlujj author: Cavalli, Eugenio title: Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review) date: 2020-06-25 words: 5813.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336543-ydrmlujj.txt summary: We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). On the basis of empirical observations and emerging laboratoristic findings, we will elaborate the hypothesis that several cases of thrombotic events during cOVId-19 infection represent the clinical epiphenomenon of a viral-induced secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) that, in the most severe cases, may develop as catastrophic anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (cAPS). clinical evidence and emerging data from pathological examinations indicate that a thrombotic diathesis, potentially leading to venous thromboembolism (VTE), and to dIc in some of the most severe cases, may occur in a substantial proportion of patients with cOVId-19 infection, also in a manner independent of long-term bed rest and eventual hormonal treatment. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel β coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80%) cases of COVID-19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15%) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5%) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID-19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5% of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID-19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D-dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID-19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588061/ doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4659 id: cord-348212-c2iibuqa author: Cavallo, Federica title: Novel coronavirus infection and children date: 2020-05-11 words: 2195.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348212-c2iibuqa.txt summary: RESULTS: Usually, infants and children present milder symptoms of the disease with a better outcome than adults. Collecting the samples of these patients, scientists have discovered a new coronavirus that is now known as the cause of the disease named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). The most common symptoms in adults are fever, dry cough, sore-throat, myalgia, fatigue and in severe cases (usually older patients with comorbidities) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with lung failure or severe coagulation dysregulation as a result of an uncontrolled inflammation (5) . At variance, in Spain around 60% of children affected by COVID-19 have been hospitalized for mild symptoms and 9.7% of these patients have requested intensive care because of the comparison of respiratory complications. On the basis of the Chinese experience, the severity of COVID-19 disease in children is defined by clinical features, laboratory testing and chest radiograph into 5 groups (22) ( Table 2 ). abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its outbreak in many states of the world, forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic. Currently, COVID-19 has infected 1 991 562 patients causing 130 885 deaths globally as of 16 April 2020. The aim of this review is to underline the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics in children affected by COVID-19. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, from January to April 2020, for the following search terms: “COVID-19”, “children”, “SARS-COV2”, “complications”, “epidemiology”, “clinical features”, focusing our attention mostly on epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in children. RESULTS: Usually, infants and children present milder symptoms of the disease with a better outcome than adults. Consequently, children may be considered an infection reservoir that may play a role as spreader of the infection in community. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420941/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9586 id: cord-302177-8w3ojgd4 author: Cavayas, Yiorgos Alexandros title: Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal date: 2020-09-15 words: 4080.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302177-8w3ojgd4.txt summary: Given the regional disparities in incidence and mortality in the general population, we aimed to describe local characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Montreal. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Our aim was to describe the demographics, presentation, treatments, and outcomes of a cohort of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a large academic ICU in Montreal, Canada. Critically ill patients with limitations of care excluding IMV had a high non-invasive ventilation failure rate (70%) and a high mortality rate (69%). Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation had a high failure rate (70%) when used in critically ill patients with limitations of care excluding IMV. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Vancouver, Canada: a case series abstract: PURPOSE: Montreal has been the epicentre of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada. Given the regional disparities in incidence and mortality in the general population, we aimed to describe local characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Montreal. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal with confirmed COVID-19 were included. RESULTS: Between 20 March and 13 May 2020, 75 patients were admitted, with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 62 [53–72] yr and high rates of obesity (47%), hypertension (67%), and diabetes (37%). Healthcare-related infections were responsible for 35% of cases. The median [IQR] day 1 sequential organ failure assessment score was 6 [3–7]. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was used in 57% of patients for a median [IQR] of 11 [5–22] days. Patients receiving IMV were characterized by a moderately decreased median [IQR] partial pressure of oxygen:fraction of inspired oxygen (day 1 PaO(2):F(i)O(2) = 177 [138–276]; day 10 = 173 [147–227]) and compliance (day 1 = 48 [38–58] mL/cmH(2)O; day 10 = 34 [28–42] mL/cmH(2)O) and very elevated estimated dead space fraction (day 1 = 0.60 [0.53–0.67]; day 10 = 0.72 [0.69–0.79]). Overall hospital mortality was 25%, and 21% in the IMV patients. Mortality was 82% in patients ≥ 80 yr old. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal were similar to those reported in the existing literature. We found an increased physiologic dead space, supporting the hypothesis that pulmonary vascular injury may be central to COVID-19-induced lung damage. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01816-z id: cord-341479-lj0brkbx author: Caviglia, Marta title: The National Emergency Medical Service Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone date: 2020-09-22 words: 2204.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341479-lj0brkbx.txt summary: This report describes the main adaptive and transformative changes adopted by the brand-new National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) to face the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sierra Leone, including ambulance re-distribution, improvements in communication flow, implementation of ad-hoc procedures and trainings, and budget re-allocation. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the NEMS has been actively engaged in the national preparedness response plan to ensure a resilient referral system, able to effectively continue delivering routine services, and at the same time manage the sudden demands of referral of COVID-19-related cases. First and foremost, NEMS ambulance teams were in charge of transporting suspect, probable, or confirmed cases to referral health care facilities following the standard operating procedures (SOPs) defined by the CMP. abstract: This report describes the main adaptive and transformative changes adopted by the brand-new National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) to face the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sierra Leone, including ambulance re-distribution, improvements in communication flow, implementation of ad-hoc procedures and trainings, and budget re-allocation. In a time-span of four months, 1,170 COVID-19 cases have been handled by the NEMS through a parallel referral system, while efforts have been made to manage the routine emergencies of the country, causing a substantial intensification of daily activities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959740/ doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20001211 id: cord-306034-1u29o2id author: Cazzolla, Angela P. title: Taste and Smell Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Role of Interleukin-6 date: 2020-08-04 words: 4014.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306034-1u29o2id.txt summary: [Image: see text] The rapid recovery of smell and taste functions in COVID-19 patients could be attributed to a decrease in interleukin-6 levels rather than central nervous system ischemic injury or viral damage to neuronal cells. To correlate interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients with olfactory or gustatory dysfunctions and to investigate the role of IL-6 in the onset of these disorders, this observational study investigated 67 COVID-19 patients with taste or smell disorders or both, who did not require intensive care admission, admitted at COVID Hospital of Policlinico of Bari from March to May 2020. Interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients in relation to olfactory or gustatory disorders were correlated from the time of their admission to the time of swab negativization. The aim was to monitor and to correlate IL-6 levels in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients with olfactory or gustatory disorders from the time of their admission to the time of swab negativization. abstract: [Image: see text] The rapid recovery of smell and taste functions in COVID-19 patients could be attributed to a decrease in interleukin-6 levels rather than central nervous system ischemic injury or viral damage to neuronal cells. To correlate interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients with olfactory or gustatory dysfunctions and to investigate the role of IL-6 in the onset of these disorders, this observational study investigated 67 COVID-19 patients with taste or smell disorders or both, who did not require intensive care admission, admitted at COVID Hospital of Policlinico of Bari from March to May 2020. Interleukin-6 was assayed in COVID-19 patients with taste or smell disturbances at the time of admission and at the time of swab negativization. At the same time, patients have been given a specific survey to evaluate the severity of taste and smell disturbances. Of 125 patients with smell or taste dysfunctions at onset of disease, 67 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, while 58 were excluded because 35 of them required intensive care admission, 5 were unable to answer, 5 died, 7 had finished chemotherapy recently, and 5 refused to participate. The evaluation of taste and smell disorders was carried out using a survey performed at the time of admission and at the time of swab negativization. Sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) was used as a reference for olfactory function assessment, and Taste and Smell Questionnaire Section of the US NHANES 2011–2014 protocol (CDC 2013b) was used as reference for gustatory function assessment. A venous blood sample was taken for each patient to measure IL-6 levels upon entry and at swab negativization. Interleukin-6 levels in COVID-19 patients in relation to olfactory or gustatory disorders were correlated from the time of their admission to the time of swab negativization. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the decrease of interleukin-6 levels and the improvement of smell (p value < 0.05) and taste (p = 0.047) functions at swab negativization. The acquired results demonstrate the key role of interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of chemosensitive disorders in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786309/ doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00447 id: cord-300240-mie5yxj4 author: Cañizares Fuentes, Ricardo title: Evaluation of COVID-19 Surveillance Strategy in Ecuador date: 2020-09-09 words: 1533.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300240-mie5yxj4.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the relevance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive case detection policy or model implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) of Ecuador and to compare it with the experiences of other countries. RESULTS: The probability of detecting positive cases of COVID-19 in Ecuador was higher than Iceland and South Korea, because the diagnostic tests were aimed at symptomatic patients, without identifying asymptomatic or mild symptomatic, who play an important role in the transmission of the disease. With this in mind, the possibility of occurrence obtained in Ecuador, based on the second principle (selectivity), was compared-thanks to the reports issued periodically by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health on COVID-19 positive cases-with the cases of South Korea and Iceland, based on the first principle (randomness), until April 13, 2020. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the relevance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive case detection policy or model implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) of Ecuador and to compare it with the experiences of other countries. METHODS: Data contained the daily reports publicized by the MPH. The formulations were carried out under the Conditioned Probability modality applying Bayes’ Theorem. All the COVID-19 tests applied in relation to the confirmed cases per million inhabitants were considered to obtain their level of positivity, and compared with the experience of Iceland and South Korea. RESULTS: The probability of detecting positive cases of COVID-19 in Ecuador was higher than Iceland and South Korea, because the diagnostic tests were aimed at symptomatic patients, without identifying asymptomatic or mild symptomatic, who play an important role in the transmission of the disease. In addition, many symptomatic patients were examined but will remain undiagnosed due to the unavailability of tests and the low quality of many of them. CONCLUSIONS: The daily reports on the behavior of the COVID-19 issued by the Ecuadorian government do not adequately represent the growth in the number of those infected each day, nor the actual behavior of the epidemic, affecting possible control measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32900417/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.326 id: cord-265170-yv04ijsm author: Ceccarelli, Giancarlo title: Probiotics and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 1124.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265170-yv04ijsm.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 has been postulated to affect gut inflammation both directly and indirectly, infecting intestinal epithelial cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and transmembrane protease serine 2, and inducing proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine release. 7 Given this evidence, bacteriotherapy could represent a complementary resource for the prevention and restoration of SARS-CoV-2 intestinal mucosa damage through the modulation of gut microbiota and decreasing related inflammation. In other infections, such as HIV, in which intestinal inflammation and related microbiota impairment can affect gut epithelial barrier function, bacteriotherapy (through microbiota surface compounds and metabolites) to exist between different probiotic bacterial species and strains. 8, 9 We believe that studies of bacteriotherapy in SARS-CoV-2 are needed to evaluate the potential effects on intestinal mucosal inflammation and microbiome homoeostasis. In the absence of a vaccine or effective therapy for COVID-19, we agree that probiotics represent a complementary approach for the prevention and restoration of SARS-CoV-2-induced mucosal damage or inflammation through the modulation of gut microbiota. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468125320301965 doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30196-5 id: cord-279115-eyk8sxk7 author: Cecconi, Maurizio title: Ten things we learned about COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 1621.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279115-eyk8sxk7.txt summary: The infection starts with the competition between the SARS-CoV-2 virions arrived in the respiratory mucosa that express high levels of ACE2 receptors and the barrier made by mucus secreted by goblet cells and moved by hair-like cilia and innate immunity reactions. Evidence from SARS-CoV-1 suggests that these viruses may block interferon-mediated antiviral immunity (Fig. 1 ). Inflammation plays a key role in the development of COVID-19 from a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unsurprisingly for a disease characterised by an inflammatory state in response to a viral infection, venous and arterial thromboembolic complications are common in hospitalised patients [6] . Given the timing and characteristics of the antibody response (see above), appropriately validated assays are instrumental for epidemiological studies, evaluation of plasma donations (see below), assessment of memory and response to vaccine, and as a companion diagnostic in RT-PCR-negative patients. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504103/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06140-0 id: cord-323666-t7cshj05 author: Cegolon, L. title: Nasal Disinfection for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Scoping Review on Potential Chemo-preventive Agents. date: 2020-08-18 words: 6187.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323666-t7cshj05.txt summary: Figure 1 reports the corresponding changes as percentage or odds; the latter detects the improvement of the index score better than the former because it is able to overcome the ceiling effects J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Therefore, in addition to an effective treatment for symptomatic patients, there is an urgent need to abate the carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in the human nasal cavity of asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic individuals, in order to contain the transmission of the novel coronavirus within the community. The abstracts of the original articles were explored for the following terms: mechanism(s) of action, tolerability and any evidence of toxic effects or selection of resistant strains, whether the treatment was tested in vitro (in particular against SARS-CoV-2), or reached the clinical trials stage, or is currently marketed/promoted/sold. abstract: BACKGROUND: Neither pre-exposure nor post-exposure chemo-prophylaxis agents are currently available to prevent COVID-19. On the other hand, high loads of SARS-CoV-2 are shed from the nasal cavity before and after symptoms onset. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a scoping review on the available evidence on tolerable nasal disinfectants with encouraging health outcomes against SARS-CoV-2, i.e., agents effective against at least two different viruses beyond SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Online databases were searched to identify papers published during 2010–2020. Publications were selected if they were relevant to the scoping review. The review was narrative, describing for each treatment the mechanism(s) of action, tolerability, in vitro and in vivo evidence of the effects against SARS-CoV-2 and whether the product had been marketed. RESULTS: Eight treatments were scrutinized: hypothiocyanite, lactoferrin, N-chlorotaurine, interferon-alpha, povidone-iodine, quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohol-based nasal antiseptics and hydroxychloroquine. In vitro viricidal effect against SARS-CoV-2 was reported for povidone-iodine. Inhibition of other coronaviruses was described for lactoferrin, hydroxychloroquine and quaternary ammonium compound. No treatment has been tested against SARS-CoV-2 in randomized controlled clinical trials thus far. However, interferon-alpha, lactoferrin and hydroxychloroquine were tested in one-arm open label uncontrolled clinical trials. Oxidant activity (hypothiocyanite, N-chlorotaurine and povidone-iodine), enhancement of endocytic and lysosomal pH (quaternary ammonium compounds and hydroxychloroquine) and destruction of the viral capsid (quaternary ammonium compounds, alcohol-based nasal antiseptics) were the main mechanisms of action. Lactoferrin and interferon-alpha had subtle biological mechanisms. With the exception of N-chlorotaurine, the others are products available on the market. CONCLUSIONS: Effective and safe chemo-prophylactic drugs against SARS-CoV-2 do not exist yet but most eligible candidates are already in the market. Whilst the human nasal cavity is the port of entry for SARS-CoV-2, the mouth is involved as exit site through emission of respiratory droplets. The well-known hand-to-nose-to-hand cycle of contamination requires appropriate additional strategies for infection control. To narrow down the subsequent laboratory and clinical investigations, a case-control approach could be employed to compare the use of candidate drugs among individuals testing positive and negative to COVID-19 swabs. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1438463920305514 doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113605 id: cord-322439-86dojc70 author: Celarier, Thomas title: Covid-19: Adapting the geriatric organisations to respond to the pandemic date: 2020-06-11 words: 1396.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322439-86dojc70.txt summary: French hospital geriatric departments are mobilized to make the patient flow easier, ensuring continuity of care and coordinating all healthcare professionals. This organization enabled to offer geriatric care both within hospital structures and within nursing homes. The creation of a specific Covid-19 telephone hotline allowed a direct link between structures such as nursing homes and the hospital centre. These telephone hotlines, which are a specific plan between GP and nursing homes to hospital geriatricians, are endowed with mobile teams to assess and assist in the care of residents in these structures. Associated with this new organization, mobile teams propose medical care to nursing home patients at their places of residence and, if necessary, in coordination with the palliative care and/or home hospitalization teams (16, 17) . Given the situation and particularly in nursing homes, an adaptation of dedicated hotlines and mobile hospital teams improved the management of the patient''s flow. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100774 doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100774 id: cord-345976-z5gorbwp author: Cella, Laura title: Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy date: 2020-10-01 words: 1646.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345976-z5gorbwp.txt summary: title: Injuries From Asymptomatic COVID-19 Disease: New Hidden Toxicity Risk Factors in Thoracic Radiation Therapy In the near future, among the many upheavals caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the thoracic radiation oncology community might have to face a new unexpected risk factor for patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic malignancies. 6 Another case report by McGinnis et al demonstrated bilateral GGOs detected after CT image guidance performed as part of the routine setup and delivery of curative RT treatment in a patient who was ultimately asymptomatic for COVID-19. All these findings suggest that in the future there could be a non-negligible proportion of patients, possibly of young age, in need of thoracic RT and with undiagnosed pre-existing cardiopulmonary damage from asymptomatic COVID-19. 14 A new risk factor is henceforth likely to emerge for a nonnegligible percentage of patients in the already complex scenario of the identification of patient-specific susceptibility to radiation-induced toxicity. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0360301620313420 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.055 id: cord-303091-jky6jlrl author: Cellai, Michele title: Characterization of prolonged COVID-19 symptoms in an outpatient telemedicine clinic date: 2020-09-12 words: 1950.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303091-jky6jlrl.txt summary: We identified patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a telemedicine clinic who requested ongoing follow-up calls 6 weeks after symptom onset. We seek to describe the persistent symptoms experienced by patients with mild COVID-19 by reviewing records of those who requested follow-up VOMC care for greater than the planned 21 days and more than 6 weeks beyond symptom onset. Chart review included: (1) verification of patient demographics and comorbidities documented at VOMC intake visit, (2) verification of symptom onset dates, (3) review of follow-up notes during the 6 th week of symptoms, (4) review of return to work advice/disability letters, and (5) review of final notes for health status at time of VOMC discharge. For patients who required additional medical evaluation after the acute period (defined as an in-person or telemedicine visit at least 3 weeks into illness), we reviewed evaluation notes, diagnostics, and final diagnoses (including "alternate diagnoses" and "contributing diagnoses" based on provider documentation). abstract: We identified patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a telemedicine clinic who requested ongoing follow-up calls 6 weeks after symptom onset. In this group, respiratory symptoms are the most common complaints, asthma and lung disease are frequent comorbidities, and patients often have not returned to work or usual activity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117851/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa420 id: cord-331834-ge864rbr author: Cellina, Michaela title: Chest computed tomography findings of COVID-19 pneumonia: pictorial essay with literature review date: 2020-06-25 words: 2611.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331834-ge864rbr.txt summary: The 6th version of the diagnosis and treatment program published by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China [10] , confirmed the pivotal role of Chest CT, including the radiological confirmation of viral pneumonia in the diagnostic criteria for COVID-19, and suggesting CT examination in monitoring disease progression and assessing treatments effectiveness. Our aim is to propose a review of the CT imaging findings described in COVID-19 pneumonia, and their modifications in different stages of the disease, based on relevant articles found in the literature. In conclusion, imaging presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia are mostly GGO, bilaterally located in the peripheral lung areas under the pleura with an increase in consolidations number in the course of the disease, followed by reabsorption, and formation of fibrotic stripes. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: Available information on chest Computed Tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is constantly evolving. Ground glass opacities and consolidation with bilateral and peripheral distribution were reported as the most common CT findings, but also less typical features could be identified. All radiologists should be aware of the imaging spectrum of the COVID-19 pneumonia and imaging changes in the course of the disease. Our aim is to display the chest CT findings at first assessment and follow-up through a pictorial essay, to help in the recognition of these features for an accurate diagnosis. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11604-020-01010-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588277/ doi: 10.1007/s11604-020-01010-7 id: cord-350041-b1vmnwv2 author: Cena, Hellas title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19–SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? date: 2020-05-07 words: 3017.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350041-b1vmnwv2.txt summary: There has been a gradual increase in studies exploring prevention and control measures, and we recommend paying close attention to nutrition, which may contribute to modulating some important consequences of COVID-19 infection, as such pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Unfortunately, we do not yet have weight, height, and waist circumference data for all patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and, therefore, we cannot disentangle the effects of adiposity on lung function and immune response to viral infection. Recent data on patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated at an academic health institution in New York City, the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, between March 1, 2020, and April 2, 2020, with follow up through April 7, 2020 (13, 14) showed that obesity, after age, was linked to more severe coronavirus cases, with a substantially higher odds ratio than any cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019 and hit Italy heavily in February 2020. Several countries are adopting complete or partial lockdown to contain the growth of COVID-19 infection. These measures may affect people's mental health and well-being but are necessary to avoid spreading the pandemic. There has been a gradual increase in studies exploring prevention and control measures, and we recommend paying close attention to nutrition, which may contribute to modulating some important consequences of COVID-19 infection, as such pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574257/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00944 id: cord-335894-6m0nnufu author: Ceriello, Antonio title: Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date: 2020-07-20 words: 4149.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335894-6m0nnufu.txt summary: Moreover, there are also several other conditions (described in the course of the article), commonly present in diabetes, which can expose people with diabetes Open Access Cardiovascular Diabetology *Correspondence: antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it 1 IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article and COVID-19 at high risk for complications. Furthermore, a large proportion of people with diabetes has asymptomatic coronary artery disease [45, 46] which can increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and arrhythmia during the COVID-19 due to proinflammatory process, hypercoagulability and sympathetic stimulation. In the case of COVID-19 people with diabetes are more exposed to cardiovascular complications, which may be more challenging to manage [74, 75] . Improved outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective study abstract: In the pandemic “Corona Virus Disease 2019” (COVID-19) people with diabetes have a high risk to require ICU admission. The management of diabetes in Intensive Care Unit is always challenging, however, when diabetes is present in COVID-19 the situation seems even more complicated. An optimal glycemic control, avoiding acute hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability may significantly improve the outcome. In this case, intravenous insulin infusion with continuous glucose monitoring should be the choice. No evidence suggests stopping angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-renin-blockers or statins, even it has been suggested that they may increase the expression of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is used by “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to penetrate into the cells. A real issue is the usefulness of several biomarkers, which have been suggested to be measured during the COVID-19. N-Terminal-pro-Brain Natriuretic-Peptide, D-dimer and hs-Troponin are often increased in diabetes. Their meaning in the case of diabetes and COVID-19 should be therefore very carefully evaluated. Even though we understand that in such a critical situation some of these requests are not so easy to implement, we believe that the best possible action to prevent a worse outcome is essential in any medical act. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 id: cord-338140-p88fgojk author: Cervantes-Pérez, Enrique title: Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection in a Non-critical Care Setting: Knowledge in Progress date: 2020-10-30 words: 3964.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338140-p88fgojk.txt summary: The purpose of this review is to provide concise guidance for the nutritional management of individuals with COVID-19 based on the current literature and focused on those in the non-ICU setting or with an older age and polymorbidity, which are independently associated with malnutrition and its negative impact on mortality. Numerous cases of pneumonia caused by a new virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were initially reported in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide possible and potential nutritional interventions on novel coronaviruses for clinicians. Older adults and polymorbid individuals suffering from chronic and acute disease conditions are at increased risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with the COVID-19-causing virus. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As of 13 September 2020, almost 28 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 including more than 920,000 deaths have been reported to the World Health Organization. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a potential threat to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Patients with the worst outcomes and higher mortality are reported to include older adults, polymorbid individuals, and malnourished people in general. The purpose of this review is to provide concise guidance for the nutritional management of individuals with COVID-19 based on the current literature and focused on those in the non-ICU setting or with an older age and polymorbidity, which are independently associated with malnutrition and its negative impact on mortality. RECENT FINDINGS: Prolonged hospital stays are reported to be required for individuals with COVID-19, and longer acute setting stays may directly worsen or cause malnutrition, with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which may lead to poor quality of life and additional morbidity. Nutritional therapy is among the mainstay of therapeutic principles and one of the core contents of comprehensive treatment measures. SUMMARY: The current COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition should therefore be routinely included in the management of individuals with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33125628/ doi: 10.1007/s13668-020-00337-x id: cord-265610-om510pt7 author: Cervantes‐Arslanian, Anna title: Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 1701.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265610-om510pt7.txt summary: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific community has accelerated its process for knowledge synthesis and dissemination at multiple levels, from creating pathways for expedited journal peer review to establishing specialty task forces that curate information most relevant to individual fields of expertise. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific community has made great efforts to accelerate its process for knowledge synthesis and dissemination, including expedited journal peer review, 1 open source platforms for quick review of preprints, 2 removal of paywalls from COVID-19-related publications, 3 specialty article collections, 4 and rapidly produced consensus statements by academic societies. 3 This editorial details our experience creating and disseminating protocols for the management of neurological disorders in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, based on frequent evaluation of available evidence and supplemented by expert opinion. abstract: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scientific community has accelerated its process for knowledge synthesis and dissemination at multiple levels, from creating pathways for expedited journal peer review to establishing specialty task forces that curate information most relevant to individual fields of expertise. We describe our experience engaging with the latter to fill a gap in knowledge. At our institution, we established a group of fifteen neurologists from six subspecialties that created protocols on managing inpatients with concurrent neurological disorders and COVID-19, using best available evidence and expert opinion. These protocols were disseminated online at covidneurology.org on April 3, 2020, and have been updated continuously based on emerging literature and frontline clinical experience. We evaluated utility using data analytics, characterizing the number of unique visitors over a week of "normal" usage and the demographic data of visitors. We discuss here the limitations of this imperfect method of knowledge synthesis and dissemination, and acknowledge our peers nationwide who have provided feedback to greatly enhance the quality of these protocols. We believe that our experience highlights the need for exceptionally high levels of collaboration in these unprecedented times. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395831/ doi: 10.1002/ana.25774 id: cord-269206-160ddfsc author: Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title: Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 4555.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt summary: Yet, the contagious diseases having global effects had forgotten long time ago even if there appeared some recent encounters in the past 20 The differentiating features of COVID-19 or SARS-COV2 from the recent encounters are its geographical dispersion in terms of contagion and its causalities. In an earlier attempt to comment on prospective COVID-19 effects, Barro and his friends estimated growth of national income and consumption expenditures of 42 countries between 1901 and 1929 on human capital loss due to the WWI. Due to changing labour market composition and economic conditions during and after the influenza, both productivity and overall income had declined and savings and investment potential were affected negatively. Confirming previous research on SARS, Lionello [26] indicated that rising social fear and reduction in social contact resulted in reduced supplies and reduced labour demand specifically in the services sector between 20 and 70%. Especially, shrinking services and industries facing lower labour supplies and reducing demand are expected to downsize all economic structures. abstract: Like wars and socio-politic shifts, contagious diseases have changed the economics and politics of the world throughout history. In 2020, the world faced COVID-19, a globally effective virus leading to mass losses and socio-economic panic. Due to apparent psycho-social conditions, analyzing the potential economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic was inevitable. Thus, discussing economic effects of previous global and regional epidemics is considered beneficial. This research evaluated most of the known epidemics and their effects on economics and socio-politics by reviewing scientific literature. In addition to the vast literature and observations on the ongoing process, we assessed the potential impacts of COVID-19 and potential ways to overcome these impacts. The most urgent socio-economic measures needed to combat the negative effects of a contagious disease are related to unemployment with its income effects and security of all sectors. To prevent persistent unemployment, service, retail, and even industrial sectors need to be supported. Additionally, we discussed the need for re-organizing the funding and managerial sustainability of healthcare services to be prepared for future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500243/ doi: 10.1007/s10198-020-01206-8 id: cord-257258-hu9oxea1 author: Chabner, Bruce A. title: Taking the Longer View of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 1810.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257258-hu9oxea1.txt summary: In the absence of a vaccine or effective antivirals, social distancing is currently the primary public health strategy for containing the epidemic and has been successful in South Korea and China, where it was stringently employed. Regarding the chances of creating an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, in the U.S. the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) of the Department of Health and Human Services is devoting significant support for two currently approved trials: a lipid nanoparticle vaccine that contains mRNAs directing the synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Moderna) and an adenovirus construct of virus material co-supported by Johnson & Johnson [1] . However, vaccine development and its worldwide implementation, coupled with effective antiviral treatment, will be required to control COVID-19 and prevent another pandemic. In order to be ready for the next iteration of COVID-19, the worldwide medical community will need to cooperate in conducting extensive clinical trials of vaccines, antivirals, and immune therapies on an accelerated time scale. abstract: What are the prospects for dealing with COVID‐19 more effectively in the future? This editorial addresses the question from the perspective of long‐term control of coronavirus infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304334/ doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0313 id: cord-145906-4vgbzcx8 author: Chae, Seo Yoon title: Estimation of Infection Rate and Prediction of Initial Infected Individuals of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 1429.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-145906-4vgbzcx8.txt summary: We estimated the infection rate and the initial infected individuals of COVID-19 by using the officially reported data at the early stage of the epidemic for the susceptible (S), infectable (I), quarantined (Q), and the cofirmed recovered (Rk) population model, so called SIQRk model. In the SIQRk model we can estimated the model parameters and the initial infecting cases (confirmed ans asymtomatic cases) from the data fits. We obtained the infection rate in the range between 0.233 and 0.462, the basic reproduction number Ro in the range between 1.8 and 3.5, and the initial number of infected individuals in the range betwee 10 and 8409 for some selected countries. We propose the parameters included in the dynamic equations and the initial number of infecting cases which is sum of the officially known cases and the unknown population of the asymptomatic cases. abstract: We consider the pandemic spreading of COVID-19 for some selected countries after the outbreak of the coronavirus in Wuhan City, China. We estimated the infection rate and the initial infected individuals of COVID-19 by using the officially reported data at the early stage of the epidemic for the susceptible (S), infectable (I), quarantined (Q), and the cofirmed recovered (Rk) population model, so called SIQRk model. In the reported data we know the quarantined cases and the recovered cases. We can not know the recovered cases from the asymptomatic cases. In the SIQRk model we can estimated the model parameters and the initial infecting cases (confirmed ans asymtomatic cases) from the data fits. We obtained the infection rate in the range between 0.233 and 0.462, the basic reproduction number Ro in the range between 1.8 and 3.5, and the initial number of infected individuals in the range betwee 10 and 8409 for some selected countries. By using fitting parameters we estimated the maximum time of the infection for Germany when the government are performing the quarantine policy. The disease is undergoing to the calm state about six months after first patients were identified. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12665v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-029898-2t9mif9k author: Chaganti, Shikha title: Automated Quantification of CT Patterns Associated with COVID-19 from Chest CT date: 2020-07-29 words: 4107.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029898-2t9mif9k.txt summary: PURPOSE: To present a method that automatically segments and quantifies abnormal CT patterns commonly present in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely ground glass opacities and consolidations. The method outputs two combined measures of the severity of lung and lobe involvement, quantifying both the extent of COVID-19 abnormalities and presence of high opacities, based on deep learning and deep reinforcement learning. CONCLUSION: A new method segments regions of CT abnormalities associated with COVID-19 and computes (PO, PHO), as well as (LSS, LHOS) severity scores. The DI2IN has been first trained on CT scans from a large group of patients with various diseases (miscellaneous in Table 1 ), then fine-tuned with scans with abnormal patterns including ( ILDs, pneumonia, and COVID-19 in Table1), to improve the robustness of the lung segmentation over the infected areas. abstract: PURPOSE: To present a method that automatically segments and quantifies abnormal CT patterns commonly present in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), namely ground glass opacities and consolidations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the proposed method takes as input a non-contrasted chest CT and segments the lesions, lungs, and lobes in three dimensions, based on a dataset of 9749 chest CT volumes. The method outputs two combined measures of the severity of lung and lobe involvement, quantifying both the extent of COVID-19 abnormalities and presence of high opacities, based on deep learning and deep reinforcement learning. The first measure of (PO, PHO) is global, while the second of (LSS, LHOS) is lobe-wise. Evaluation of the algorithm is reported on CTs of 200 participants (100 COVID-19 confirmed patients and 100 healthy controls) from institutions from Canada, Europe and the United States collected between 2002-Present (April 2020). Ground truth is established by manual annotations of lesions, lungs, and lobes. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to compare the prediction to the ground truth. RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficient between method prediction and ground truth for COVID-19 cases was calculated as 0.92 for PO (P < .001), 0.97 for PHO (P < .001), 0.91 for LSS (P < .001), 0.90 for LHOS (P < .001). 98 of 100 healthy controls had a predicted PO of less than 1%, 2 had between 1-2%. Automated processing time to compute the severity scores was 10 seconds per case compared to 30 minutes required for manual annotations. CONCLUSION: A new method segments regions of CT abnormalities associated with COVID-19 and computes (PO, PHO), as well as (LSS, LHOS) severity scores. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7392373/ doi: 10.1148/ryai.2020200048 id: cord-356057-87kxlqdc author: Chagas, Aline Lopes title: Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic - São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement date: 2020-10-15 words: 4360.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356057-87kxlqdc.txt summary: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 as they present with two major diseases: cancer and concomitant chronic liver disease. However, during the pandemic, the risks and benefits of HCC treatment should be individualized and factors like tumor stage, liver function, age, comorbidities, local availability of resources, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered (5, (14) (15) (16) . When a ''''bridge treatment'''' is chosen, alpha-fetoprotein monitoring and imaging examinations should be performed so that patients are not dropped off the liver transplantation (LT) list and their chances of availing other curative therapies are retained, such as surgery or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The risks and benefits of performing TACE with SBRT and systemic treatment in patients at a high risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as those aged 475 years and/ or having comorbidities, and patients with multifocal tumors (43 nodules), especially those who fall outside the Up-to-7 criteria (25), should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team. abstract: More than 18 million people in 188 countries have been diagnosed as having coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and COVID-19 has been responsible for more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. Brazil is now the second most affected country globally. Faced with this scenario, various public health measures and changes in the daily routines of hospitals were implemented to stop the pandemic. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 as they present with two major diseases: cancer and concomitant chronic liver disease. The COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impact the management of HCC patients from diagnosis to treatment strategies. These patients need special attention and assistance at this time, especially since treatment for tumors cannot be delayed in most cases. The aim of this guideline was to standardize the management of HCC patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This document was developed, on the basis of the best evidence available, by a multidisciplinary team from Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), and Instituto Central of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), which are members of the São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33146360/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2192 id: cord-272300-ck301hcu author: Chahrour, Mohamad title: A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output date: 2020-03-21 words: 2353.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272300-ck301hcu.txt summary: Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Methods: We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options. Reports from countries with big numbers of confirmed cases would delineate risk factors, clinical features as well as treatment strategies for patients with COVID-19 [12] . The publication type was identified and only original articles and case reports were included in our study. This information begins with early-outbreak case reports and observational studies, where the basic characteristics of the novel disease are documented, and hence, awareness can be raised [23] . abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Research related to this disease is pivotal for assessing pathogenic characteristics and formulating therapeutic strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore the activity and trends of COVID-19 research since its outbreak in December 2019. Methods: We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Only relevant observational and interventional studies were included in our study. Data on COVID-19 incidence were extracted from the WHO situation reports. Research output was assessed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Results: Only 564 publications met our inclusion criteria. These articles came from 39 different countries, constituting 24% of all affected countries. China produced the greatest number of publications with 377 publications (67%). With respect to continental research activity, Asian countries had the highest research activity with 434 original publications (77%). In terms of publications per million persons (PPMPs), Singapore had the highest number of publications with 1.069 PPMPs. In terms of publications per billion-dollar GDP, Mauritius ranked first with 0.075. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a major disease that has impacted international public health on a global level. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7357 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7357 id: cord-276295-0w3jz31k author: Chai, A. title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and ‘suppressing’ the pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 638.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276295-0w3jz31k.txt summary: title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic We thank the editorial team in providing an excellent overview with regards to testing for COVID-19 in pre-op surgical patients. He had RT-PCR for COVID-19 before his procedure, which he tested negative. He then presented to the acute OMFS oncall team 10 days later, complaining of general malaise and fever over two days. Further COVID-19 swabs remain negative. We have since found that patients within his bay where he was admitted for his surgery have also been poorly and tested positive for COVID-19. A CT thorax can be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in inconclusive cases . Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266435620302084?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.005 id: cord-288566-7dtmjzj9 author: Chai, Ningli title: The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey date: 2020-11-11 words: 2526.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288566-7dtmjzj9.txt summary: title: The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in China: a national survey Number of various GI endoscopic procedures and participants getting endoscopic training from January 1 to April 10, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and the same period of 2019 were collected and analyzed. Most of hospitals (93.8%) adhered to the recommendation of endoscopy practice issued by CSDE during the outbreak of COVID-19, and there was no cases of infection in endoscopic departments of all surveyed hospitals. [10] (3) Number of diagnostic GI endoscopic procedures from January 1 to April 10, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and the same period of 2019, respectively, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy and others; (4) Number of therapeutic GI endoscopic procedures during the above two periods, including ERCP, interventional EUS and others. The strongest strength of our study is that we provide the concrete impact of COVID-19 on GI endoscopic practice in mainland China, including various endoscopic procedures and training. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With the worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has devastated the economy and taken a toll on people’ life in every aspects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the GI endoscopy practice in China. METHODS: The nationwide survey conducted from 13 to 19 April, 2020. A predesigned standard structured questionnaire was sent to all members of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy (CSDE) in mainland China by email. Number of various GI endoscopic procedures and participants getting endoscopic training from January 1 to April 10, 2020 (the COVID-19 period) and the same period of 2019 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 468 hospitals responded to this survey, and most of them (85.4%) were tertiary referral hospitals. The sum number of GI endoscopic procedures deceased significantly from 3,203,594 in 2019 to 1,512,619 in 2020, including 2,996,779 to 1,401,665 of diagnostic procedures and 206,815 to 110,954 of therapeutic procedures. More than half of centers (57.1%) reduced about 1,000-5,000 endoscopic activities. Of 271 hospitals (57.9%) providing endoscopic training, the total number of participants decreased from 2,977 in 2019 to 1,131 in 2020. Most of hospitals (93.8%) adhered to the recommendation of endoscopy practice issued by CSDE during the outbreak of COVID-19, and there was no cases of infection in endoscopic departments of all surveyed hospitals. CONCLUSION: With the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic, there has been significant decease of GI endoscopy practice in mainland China. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00464-020-08149-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-08149-4 doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-08149-4 id: cord-262152-gdnc51m5 author: Chaibi, Sayma title: Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort date: 2020-10-19 words: 2769.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262152-gdnc51m5.txt summary: title: Liver Function Test Abnormalities Are Associated With A Poorer Prognosis In Covid-19 Patients: Results Of A French Cohort AIM: To assess the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French cohort of hospitalized patients. Similar results were obtained for patients with cholestatic liver injury (Table Table 5 shows the association of factors with the composite severity endpoint (admission to ICU, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, CT scan injury >50% and global mortality). Severe infection is known to be more frequent among those patients, but they had mostly imbalanced diabetes or hypertension, which was not the case in our study Global mortality was also similar (16.0%), yet the number of admissions to ICU (15.3%) was higher than previously reported 1 . abstract: AIM: To assess the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French cohort of hospitalized patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From March 13 to April 22, 2020, we collected on a computerized and anonymized database, medical records, laboratory data and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection (RT–PCR and/or CT-scan). Patients were followed up until April 22 2020 or until death or discharge. We have considered for statistical analysis, LFT abnormalities with levels greater than two times the upper limit of normal. Composite endpoint included admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, severe radiologic injury and death to define disease severity. RESULTS: Among 281 patients (median age 60 years) with COVID-19, 102 (36.3%) had abnormal LFT. Hypertension (45.6%) and diabetes (29.5%) were the main comorbidities. 20.2% were taken liver-toxic drugs at the admission and 27.4% were given drugs known to induce hepatic cytolysis during hospitalization. Patients with elevated levels of ALT or AST were significantly more severe with a higher rate of admission to ICU (40.0% vs 6.0%, p < 0.0001), and global mortality (26.7% vs 12.1%, p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, obesity and cytolytic profil were associated with the composite endpoint (respectively 2.37 [1.21; 4.64], p = 0.01 and OR 6.20, 95% confidence interval [1.84, 20.95], p-value 0.003) CONCLUSION: Most of liver injuries are mild and transient during COVID-19. LFT abnormalities are associated with a poorer prognosis and could be a relevant biomarker for early detection of severe infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210740120302977?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.10.002 id: cord-208177-m8q6dyfx author: Chaisemartin, Cl''ement de title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-06-08 words: 2064.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-208177-m8q6dyfx.txt summary: Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG''s effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. We used regression discontinuity to assess the effect of BCG vaccination on Covid-19 related outcomes. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths 3 . In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. abstract: The Bacille Calmette-Gu'erin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine has immunity benefits against respiratory infections. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that it may have a protective effect against COVID-19. Recent research found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Gu'erin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such ecological studies are biased by numerous confounders. Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG's effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. Numbers of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations were recorded for birth cohorts born just before and just after that change, representing 1,026,304 and 1,018,544 individuals, respectively. We used regression discontinuity to assess the effect of BCG vaccination on Covid-19 related outcomes. This method used on such a large population allows for a high precision that would be hard to achieve using a classical randomized controlled trial. The odds ratio for Covid-19 cases and Covid-19 related hospitalizations were 0.9997 (CI95: [0.8002-1.1992]) and 1.1931 (CI95: [0.7558-1.6304]), respectively. We can thus reject with 95% confidence that universal BCG vaccination reduces the number of cases by more than 20% and the number of hospitalizations by more than 24%. While the effect of a recent vaccination must be evaluated, we provide strong evidence that receiving the BCG vaccine at birth does not have a protective effect against COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05504v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-327720-m6cofbj6 author: Chakrabarti, Amitabha title: Understanding the practice of thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 words: 2771.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327720-m6cofbj6.txt summary: The guidelines, consensus statements, and preliminary recommendations published by the thoracic surgeons so far have appreciated the importance of triage of patients with thoracic surgical diseases and multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. As a result, proper triaging, ensuring safety of patient and health care personnel, and optimal utilization of the available resources remain the cornerstone while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 COVID-19 guidance for triage of operations for thoracic malignancies: a consensus statement from thoracic surgery outcomes research network [2] 2 Preliminary recommendations for lung surgery during COVID-19 epidemic period [3] 3 General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic [ Besides, we have also reviewed the outcome of the survey of thoracic surgical practices among surgeons of Europe, Asia, and South America, conducted by the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) [10] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire medical community including the thoracic surgical practice. The guidelines, consensus statements, and preliminary recommendations published by the thoracic surgeons so far have appreciated the importance of triage of patients with thoracic surgical diseases and multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. Delaying surgery or planning alternative treatment in patient care should be done by taking input from experts in thoracic specialties. The procedures that can be carried out in a hospital are based on the prevalence of COVID-19 patients within the hospital and availability of hospital resources. As a result, proper triaging, ensuring safety of patient and health care personnel, and optimal utilization of the available resources remain the cornerstone while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. In this manuscript, we highlight these issues with respect to practice of thoracic surgery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837046/ doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-01025-9 id: cord-264266-6xvj9zey author: Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra title: COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? date: 2020-05-09 words: 3845.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264266-6xvj9zey.txt summary: Apart from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which caused severe respiratory diseases following outbreaks in 2003 and 2012, there are four endemic human corona viruses, HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1 in populations that are responsible for various types of respiratory illness which are generally self-limiting in young and immunecompetent persons [8] . It can be assumed that some degrees of sequence homology or conformational similarities among the structural proteins, especially the S protein, of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic corona viruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV NL-63, HCoV-OC4, HCoV-HKU1) may result in cross-reactive immunity (circulating antibodies or primed T-cells) in persons with prior exposure to the latter viruses, and this may modulate the course and outcome of COVID-19. Thus, the possibility of a protective cross-immunity in the Indian population against COVID-19 cannot be ignored in explaining a rather mild effect of the current coronavirus pandemic in India in comparison to that in Europe and the USA. Therefore, cross-reactive antibodies generated as a result of infections from other human corona viruses may have a protective role in a population affected by COVID-19. abstract: The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19. While this may be extremely beneficial, this perspective discusses the other reasons why COVID-19 may have a lesser impact on India. We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. We also analyze the environmental and biological factors which may lessen the impact of COVID-19 in India. The importance of cross-immunity, innate immune responses, ACE polymorphism, and viral genetic mutations are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489695/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0402 id: cord-279942-y5io9qzl author: Chakrabarty, Rajan K. title: Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-11-09 words: 3073.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279942-y5io9qzl.txt summary: Evidence is emerging that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm or less) associates with higher COVID-19 mortality rates, but whether it also associates with the speed at which the disease is capable of spreading in a population is unknown. Here, we establish the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in the United States (US) and COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio R 0– a dimensionless epidemic measure of the rapidity of disease spread through a population. ) Recent studies have have strongly associated COVID-19 mortality with long-term air pollution exposure in the US , as well as identifying that long-term meteorological and climatic variables play a minor role in comparison to the amount of susceptible population for fundamentally driving the pandemic dynamics (Baker et al. abstract: It has been posited that populations being exposed to long-term air pollution are more susceptible to COVID-19. Evidence is emerging that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm or less) associates with higher COVID-19 mortality rates, but whether it also associates with the speed at which the disease is capable of spreading in a population is unknown. Here, we establish the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in the United States (US) and COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio R 0– a dimensionless epidemic measure of the rapidity of disease spread through a population. We inferred state-level R 0 values using a state-of-the-art susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) model initialized with COVID-19 epidemiological data corresponding to the period March 2–April 30. This period was characterized by a rapid surge in COVID-19 cases across the US states, implementation of strict social distancing measures, and a significant drop in outdoor air pollution. We find that an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 levels below current national ambient air quality standards associates with an increase of 0.25 in R 0 (95% CI: 0.048–0.447). A 10% increase in secondary inorganic composition, sulfate-nitrate-ammonium, in PM2.5 associates with ≈10% increase in R 0 by 0.22 (95% CI: 0.083–0.352), and presence of black carbon (soot) in the ambient moderates this relationship. We considered several potential confounding factors in our analysis including gaseous air pollutants, and socio-economical and meteorological conditions. Our results underscore two policy implications – first, regulatory standards need to be better guided by exploring the concentration-response relationships near the lower end of the PM2.5 air quality distribution; and second, pollution regulations need to be continually enforced for combustion emissions that largely determine secondary inorganic aerosol formation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720369229?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143391 id: cord-312218-qtxh4ttp author: Chakraborty, Jayajit title: Social Inequities in the Distribution of COVID-19: An Intra-Categorical Analysis of People with Disabilities in the U.S. date: 2020-09-18 words: 2190.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312218-qtxh4ttp.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and disability characteristics in the U.S. The objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. 5, 8, 9 While recent studies have documented greater COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates in U.S. counties containing higher proportions of non-White and socioeconomically disadvantaged residents, 10-12 research on the socio-spatial distribution of COVID-19 burdens has paid limited attention to PwDs. To address this gap, this article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and disability characteristics in the U.S. The specific objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on their race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. abstract: BACKGROUND: While recent reports suggest that people with disabilities (PwDs) are likely to be adversely impacted by COVID-19 and face multiple challenges, previous research has not examined if COVID-19 burdens are unequally distributed with respect to the disability characteristics of the U.S. population. OBJECTIVE: This article presents the first national scale study of the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and disability characteristics in the U.S. The objective is to determine whether COVID-19 incidence is significantly greater in counties containing higher percentages of socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs, based on race, ethnicity, poverty status, age, and biological sex. METHODS: This study integrates county-level data on confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering database with multiple disability variables from the 2018 American Community Survey. Statistical analyses are based on bivariate correlations and multivariate generalized estimating equations that consider spatial clustering in the data. RESULTS: Greater COVID-19 incidence rate is significantly associated with: (1) higher percentages of PwDs who are Black, Asian, Hispanic, Native American, below poverty, under 18 years of age, and female; and (2) lower percentages of PwDs who are non-Hispanic White, above poverty, aged 65 or more years, and male, after controlling for spatial clustering. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-demographically disadvantaged PwDs are significantly overrepresented in counties with higher COVID-19 incidence compared to other PwDs. These findings represent an important starting point for more detailed investigation of the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on PwDs and highlight the urgent need for COVID-19 data collection systems to incorporate disability information. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32981853/ doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101007 id: cord-343100-cljfh8es author: Chakraborty, Parthasarathi title: Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO(2)) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective date: 2020-07-15 words: 3483.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343100-cljfh8es.txt summary: This study has shown strong positive correlation between the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and both the absolute number of COVID-19 deaths (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and case fatality rate (r = 0.74, p < 0.05) in India. The data (used in this study) related to atmospheric pollutants and the COVID-19 pandemic were obtained from online resources (Central control room for air quality management-all India and https ://www.covid 19ind ia.org/ respectively). The concentration of surface atmospheric pollutants from 207 stations of 128 cities distributed all over India (as shown in Fig. 1) were obtained from the website of Central Control Room for Air Quality Management (https ://app.cpcbc cr.com/ccr). However, increasing concentration of atmospheric NO 2 , showed a strong positive correlation with the number of COVID-19 deaths and the COVID-19 CFR in different states of India ( Fig. 2a and b) . abstract: The corona virus-2019 (COVID-19) is ravaging the whole world. Scientists have been trying to acquire more knowledge on different aspects of COVID-19. This study attempts to determine the effects of COVID-19, on a large population, which has already been persistently exposed to various atmospheric pollutants in different parts of India. Atmospheric pollutants and COVID-19 data, obtained from online resources, were used in this study. This study has shown strong positive correlation between the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and both the absolute number of COVID-19 deaths (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and case fatality rate (r = 0.74, p < 0.05) in India. Statistical analysis of the amount of annual fossil fuels consumption in transportation, and the annual average concentration of the atmospheric PM(2.5), PM(10), NO(2), in the different states of India, suggest that one of the main sources of atmospheric NO(2) is from fossil fuels combustion in transportation. It is suggested that homeless, poverty-stricken Indians, hawkers, roadside vendors, and many others who are regularly exposed to vehicular exhaust, may be at a higher risk in the COVID-19 pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00128-020-02937-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671411/ doi: 10.1007/s00128-020-02937-3 id: cord-225347-lnzz2chk author: Chakraborty, Tanujit title: Nowcasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases: Foundations, trends, and challenges date: 2020-10-10 words: 10203.0 sentences: 585.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-225347-lnzz2chk.txt summary: Several statistical and machine learning methods for real-time forecasting of the new and cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 are developed to overcome limitations of the epidemiological model approaches and assist public health planning and policy-making [25, 91, 6, 26, 23] . As such, we aim to perform a meaningful data analysis, including the study of time series characteristics, to provide a suitable and comprehensive knowledge foundation for the future step of selecting an apt forecasting method. Five time series COVID-19 datasets for the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, and Peru UK are considered for assessing twenty forecasting models (individual, ensemble, and hybrid). Results for USA COVID-19 data: Among the single models, ARIMA (2, 1, 4) performs best in terms of accuracy metrics for 15-days ahead forecasts. Results for India COVID-19 data: Among the single models, ANN performs best in terms of accuracy metrics for 15-days ahead forecasts. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. As of September 30, 2020, it has caused a pandemic outbreak with more than 33 million confirmed infections and more than 1 million reported deaths worldwide. Several statistical, machine learning, and hybrid models have previously tried to forecast COVID-19 confirmed cases for profoundly affected countries. Due to extreme uncertainty and nonstationarity in the time series data, forecasting of COVID-19 confirmed cases has become a very challenging job. For univariate time series forecasting, there are various statistical and machine learning models available in the literature. But, epidemic forecasting has a dubious track record. Its failures became more prominent due to insufficient data input, flaws in modeling assumptions, high sensitivity of estimates, lack of incorporation of epidemiological features, inadequate past evidence on effects of available interventions, lack of transparency, errors, lack of determinacy, and lack of expertise in crucial disciplines. This chapter focuses on assessing different short-term forecasting models that can forecast the daily COVID-19 cases for various countries. In the form of an empirical study on forecasting accuracy, this chapter provides evidence to show that there is no universal method available that can accurately forecast pandemic data. Still, forecasters' predictions are useful for the effective allocation of healthcare resources and will act as an early-warning system for government policymakers. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05079v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-258235-khdyxiwe author: Chakraborty, Tanujit title: Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-04-30 words: 5628.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258235-khdyxiwe.txt summary: To solve the first problem, we presented a hybrid approach based on autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model that can generate short-term (ten days ahead) forecasts of the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK. In this section, we first briefly discuss these datasets, followed by the development of the proposed hybrid model, and finally, the application of the proposed model to generate short-term forecasts of the future COVID-19 cases for five different countries. Algorithm 1 Proposed Hybrid ARIMA-WBF Model 1 Given a time series of length n, input the in-sample (training) COVID-19 daily cases data. Thus, these real-time short-term forecasts based on the proposed hybrid ARIMA-WBF model for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK will be helpful for government officials and policymakers to allocate adequate health care resources for the coming days. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting 201 countries and territories around the globe. As of April 4, 2020, it has caused a pandemic outbreak with more than 11,16,643 confirmed infections and more than 59,170 reported deaths worldwide. The main focus of this paper is two-fold: (a) generating short term (real-time) forecasts of the future COVID-19 cases for multiple countries; (b) risk assessment (in terms of case fatality rate) of the novel COVID-19 for some profoundly affected countries by finding various important demographic characteristics of the countries along with some disease characteristics. To solve the first problem, we presented a hybrid approach based on autoregressive integrated moving average model and Wavelet-based forecasting model that can generate short-term (ten days ahead) forecasts of the number of daily confirmed cases for Canada, France, India, South Korea, and the UK. The predictions of the future outbreak for different countries will be useful for the effective allocation of health care resources and will act as an early-warning system for government policymakers. In the second problem, we applied an optimal regression tree algorithm to find essential causal variables that significantly affect the case fatality rates for different countries. This data-driven analysis will necessarily provide deep insights into the study of early risk assessments for 50 immensely affected countries. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920302502 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109850 id: cord-306685-w7y5g2x0 author: Chalk, D. title: Modelling Palliative and End of Life resource requirements during COVID-19: implications for quality care date: 2020-07-24 words: 3976.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306685-w7y5g2x0.txt summary: Methods A Discrete Event Simulation model designed in collaboration with health service funders, health providers, clinicians and modellers in the South West of England was created to estimate the resources required during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for deaths from COVID-19 in the community for a geographical area of nearly 1 million people. The model identified a large increase in need for staff time, including registered community nurses, health care assistants and specialist palliative care nurses and doctors, as well as pressure on resources including syringe pumps and anticipatory medication (such as opioids) used at the EoL for symptom relief from breathlessness and delirium. Based on the model analysis for additional COVID-19 EoL care need, specialist palliative care demand is predicted to increase by around 9 hours per day. Nine additional syringe pumps needing to be in use per day, at a cost of around £1742 each or £15,678 in total is also a significant added resource demand for EoL care for patients with COVID-19 in the community. abstract: Background There were between 84,891 and 113,139 all-cause excess deaths in the United States (US) from February 1st to 25th May 2020. These deaths are widely attributed directly and indirectly to the COVID-19 pandemic. This surge in death necessitates a matched health system response to relieve serious health related suffering at the end of life (EoL) and achieve a dignified death, through timely and appropriate expertise, medication and equipment. Identifying the human and material resource needed relies on modelling resource and understanding anticipated surges in demand. Methods A Discrete Event Simulation model designed in collaboration with health service funders, health providers, clinicians and modellers in the South West of England was created to estimate the resources required during the COVID-19 pandemic to care for deaths from COVID-19 in the community for a geographical area of nearly 1 million people. While our analysis focused on the UK setting, the model is flexible to changes in demand and setting. Results The model predicts that a mean of 11.97 hours (0.18 hours Standard Error (SE), up to a max of 28 hours) of additional community nurse time, up to 33 hours of care assistant time (mean 9.17 hours, 0.23 hours SE), and up to 30 hours additional care from care assistant night-sits (mean of 5.74 hours per day, 0.22 hours SE) will be required per day as a result of out of hospital COVID-19 deaths. Specialist palliative care demand is predicted to increase up to 19 hours per day (mean of 9.32 hours per day, 0.12 hours SE). An additional 286 anticipatory medicine bundles or "just in case" prescriptions per month will be necessary to alleviate physical symptoms at the EoL care for patients with COVID-19: an average additional 10.21 bundles (0.06 SE) of anticipatory medication per day. An average additional 9.35 syringe pumps (0.11 SE) could be needed to be in use per day (between 1 and 20 syringe pumps). Conclusion Modelling provides essential data to prepare, plan and deliver a palliative care pandemic response tailored to local work patterns and resource. The analysis for a large region in the South West of England shows the significant additional physical and human resource required to relieve suffering at the EoL as part of a pandemic response. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.23.20160564 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.23.20160564 id: cord-311749-yp313biv author: Chalmers, James D. title: Rewiring the Immune Response in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 words: 1943.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311749-yp313biv.txt summary: Current concepts regard COVID-19 as a biphasic illness: an initial viral phase with suggested mean duration of 7 days followed by a "hyperinflammatory phase" characterized by host-mediated organ damage and what is widely referred to as a "cytokine storm" (6) . This model of a hyperinflammatory syndrome occurring a week or more after initial infection, leading to ARDS and a need for mechanical ventilation, is further supported by the benefits of dexamethasone in the recently published RECOVERY (Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) trial (9) . Neutrophil metabolic reprogramming, or what the authors refer to as "rewiring," is reported in cystic fibrosis and other conditions in response to inflammatory cytokines and low-level endotoxemia (15) . As IL-6 levels were higher in the more severely ill patients with COVID-19, interestingly, AAT was similarly increased, and the authors demonstrate that positive outcomes were associated with a lower IL-6 relative to AAT. Characterization of the inflammatory response to severe COVID-19 illness abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755507/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2934ed id: cord-318701-f9j13fsc author: Chamboredon, P. title: COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date: 2020-06-22 words: 4674.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt summary: On 12 March 2020, when WHO declared the status of a pandemic concerning the novel coronavirus (WHO 2020e), crisis measures were taken by the President of the French Republic (2020a) and his government, to control the epidemic and manage the health situation, namely, the closure of the nurseries, schools and universities for users as of 16 March 2020 ; the introduction of short-time work hours for employees whose companies cannot carry out their activities and of teleworking for all employees who have this possibility of adjusting the exercise of their profession (Ministry of Solidarity & Health 2020c). The health context made it possible to create the first telecare procedure related to the management of patients with COVID-19 by home nurses during the period of the state of health emergency (High Authority of Health 2020; Prime Minister of the French Government 2020c). abstract: AIM: This paper describes the situation regarding COVID‐19 emergency in France as of early May 2020, the main policies to fight this virus, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses regarding their work at this time, as well as the challenges facing the profession. BACKGROUND: Europe continues to be affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. At the time of writing France was the fourth country with the highest number of detected cases and cumulative deaths. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: Websites of the World Health Organization, French Government, French Agency of Public Health, French National Council of Nurses and ClinicalTrials.gov database, as well as the experiences of the authors. DISCUSSION: The history of the development of the pandemic in France helps explain the establishment of the state of health emergency and containment of the population. Many decisions made had undesirable repercussions, particularly in terms of intra‐family violence, mental health disorders and the renunciation of care. Hospitals and primary care services, with significant investment by nurses, played a key role in the care of persons with and without COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: France has suffered a very high toll in terms of COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality, and effects on its people, health systems and health professionals, including nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses are recognized for their social usefulness in France. However, it is important to consider the collateral effects of this crisis on nurses and nursing and to integrate the health emergency nursing skills established during the pandemic into the standard field of nursing competence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: The nursing profession has expectations of a reflection on and revision of nursing skills as well as of its valorization in the French healthcare system, notably carried out by the French National Council Order of Nurses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32567057/ doi: 10.1111/inr.12604 id: cord-295393-aln51r9y author: Chamorro-Pareja, Natalia title: Unexpected high mortality in COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis()() date: 2020-06-24 words: 907.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295393-aln51r9y.txt summary: J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f TO THE EDITOR: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to be at a greater risk for severe symptoms and complications, including death from COVID-19. As has been Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f previously described, in our analysis, age and male sex were associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19 and DKA. 7, 8 Moreover, majority of our patients were Hispanic or African American, and it has been proposed that these patients have a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes: Risk factors that increase morbidity abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026049520301657?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154301 id: cord-332680-zfn81hew author: Chan, Chieh-Kai title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-10 words: 4301.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332680-zfn81hew.txt summary: The following variables were extracted: author, journal, publication year, study design, geographic location, participants'' details (number, study population, age, sex, and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease), use of antihypertensive drugs, such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, diuretics, outcomes (including positive SARS-CoV-2 test results and disease prognosis/severity, if available). The systematic review findings of the 7 high-quality studies (with comparative data on the controls) on SARS-COV-2 infection provide the best available evidence proving that therapy with ACE inhibitors or ARBs is not associated with an increase of positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and the severity of COVID-19 disease or overall population mortality as a whole in case-population and cohort studies. ACE indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; N/A, not applicable; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agents; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; and SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. abstract: The viral spike coat protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) engages the human ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)2 cell surface receptor to infect the host cells. Thus, concerns arose regarding theoretically higher risk for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in patients taking ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]). We systematically assessed case-population and cohort studies from MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews PubMed, Embase, medRXIV, the World Health Organization database of COVID-19 publications, and ClinicalTrials.gov through June 1, 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane methods and the GRADE approach. After pooling the adjusted odds ratios from the included studies, no significant increase was noted in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the use of ACEinhibitors (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.86–1.05]) or ARBs (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.97–1.14]). However, the random-effects meta-regression revealed that age may modify the SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in subjects with the use of ARBs (coefficient, −0.006 [95% CI, −0.016 to 0.004]), that is, the use of ARBs, as opposed to ACE inhibitors, specifically augmented the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in younger subjects (<60 yearsold). The use of ACE inhibitors might not increase the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity of disease, and mortality in case-population and cohort studies. Additionally, we discovered for the first time that the use of ARBs, as opposed to ACE inhibitors, specifically augmented the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in younger subjects, without obvious effects on COVID-19 outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15989 doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15989 id: cord-199156-7yxzj7tw author: Chan, Ho Fai title: Risk Attitudes and Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 6228.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-199156-7yxzj7tw.txt summary: In each regression, we controlled for whether the day is a weekend, an indicator distinguishing our sample time period by the day when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic (11 March 2020) , the total number of confirmed cases per 1,000 people, number of days since the first confirmed coronavirus related death in the country 7 , percentage of population over 65, population density (per squared km of land area), percentage of urban population, average household size, unemployment rate, per capita income (in logs), daily average temperature, and a set of indicators on government responses that covers recommending and requesting closure of school, workplace, public transport, stay at home, cancellation of public events, and restriction on gatherings and internal movement (39) . abstract: Behavioral responses to pandemics are less shaped by actual mortality or hospitalization risks than they are by risk attitudes. We explore human mobility patterns as a measure of behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicate that risk-taking attitude is a critical factor in predicting reduction in human mobility and increase social confinement around the globe. We find that the sharp decline in movement after the WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic can be attributed to risk attitudes. Our results suggest that regions with risk-averse attitudes are more likely to adjust their behavioral activity in response to the declaration of a pandemic even before most official government lockdowns. Further understanding of the basis of responses to epidemics, e.g., precautionary behavior, will help improve the containment of the spread of the virus. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.06078v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-333225-654rd38j author: Chan, Khee-Siang title: Collateral Benefits on Other Respiratory Infections during Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 1532.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333225-654rd38j.txt summary: Method: We collected week-case data of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and death toll from pneumonia among 25 calendar weeks of the influenza season for four years (2016-2020), which were reported to Taiwan CDC. Result: A downturn trend of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and the death toll from pneumonia per week in 2019/2020 season and significant trend difference in comparison to previous seasons were noted, especially after initiation of several disease prevention measures to fight potential COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. Conclusions: Fighting COVID-19 achieved collateral benefits on significant reductions of severe influenza burden, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease activity, and the death toll from pneumonia reported to CDC in Taiwan. In January 2020, the Taiwan government assembled a taskforce to contain the outbreak We proposed that collateral benefits on changing influenza activity and other respiratory infection activity (invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease) and outcome (death toll from pneumonia) would have happened in Taiwan. abstract: Abstract Purpose: Influenza virus infection is associated with a high disease burden. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic outbreak since January 2020. Taiwan has effectively contained COVID-19 community transmission. We aimed to validate whether fighting COVID-19 could help to control other respiratory infections in Taiwan. Method: We collected week-case data of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and death toll from pneumonia among 25 calendar weeks of the influenza season for four years (2016-2020), which were reported to Taiwan CDC. Trend and slope differences between years were compared. Result: A downturn trend of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and the death toll from pneumonia per week in 2019/2020 season and significant trend difference in comparison to previous seasons were noted, especially after initiation of several disease prevention measures to fight potential COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. Conclusions: Fighting COVID-19 achieved collateral benefits on significant reductions of severe influenza burden, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease activity, and the death toll from pneumonia reported to CDC in Taiwan. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025775320303535 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.026 id: cord-319885-8qyavs7m author: Chan, Stephen title: Count regression models for COVID-19 date: 2021-02-01 words: 3363.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319885-8qyavs7m.txt summary: The best fitting count regression model for modelling the number of new daily COVID-19 cases of all countries analysed was shown to be a negative binomial distribution with log link function. Since these countries are lagging behind China in terms of the overall spread of the disease, much of the literature has been focused on modelling and predicting the disease in the early stages of the outbreak -particularly the daily incidence (number of new confirmed cases per day) and the basic reproductive number. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) to provide a statistical analysis of COVID-19 worldwide; (ii) to investigate whether it is possible to utilise count regression models for fitting and predicting the number of daily confirmed cases due to COVID-19 globally. The best fitting count regression model for modelling the number of new daily COVID-19 cases of all countries was shown to be a negative binomial distribution with log link function. abstract: At the end of 2019, the current novel coronavirus emerged as a severe acute respiratory disease that has now become a worldwide pandemic. Future generations will look back on this difficult period and see how our society as a whole united and rose to this challenge. Many reports have suggested that this new virus is becoming comparable to the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. We provide a statistical study on the modelling and analysis of the daily incidence of COVID-19 in eighteen countries around the world. In particular, we investigate whether it is possible to fit count regression models to the number of daily new cases of COVID-19 in various countries and make short term predictions of these numbers. The results suggest that the biggest advantage of these methods is that they are simplistic and straightforward allowing us to obtain preliminary results and an overall picture of the trends in the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 around the world. The best fitting count regression model for modelling the number of new daily COVID-19 cases of all countries analysed was shown to be a negative binomial distribution with log link function. Whilst the results cannot solely be used to determine and influence policy decisions, they provide an alternative to more specialised epidemiological models and can help to support or contradict results obtained from other analysis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437120307743 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125460 id: cord-298281-wkje5jyt author: Chan, Vinson Wai-Shun title: A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions date: 2020-05-27 words: 3492.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298281-wkje5jyt.txt summary: Primary outcomes were the urological manifestations of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in urine and stool samples. Primary outcomes of our study included urological manifestations of COVID-19, detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in urine and stool samples, and special considerations in urological conditions. For the urological manifestations and viral RNA detection rates, data were pool analysed using MetaXL and Microsoft Excel when there are two or more studies with at least four patients reporting the same outcome under the same definition. There were a total of 11 studies that reported the number of patients who had their urine tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Our meta-analysis included 12 studies that reported the number of patients with stools tested for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Our study showed that 5.74% of the COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in urine samples. abstract: PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review on COVID-19 and its potential urological manifestations. METHODS: A literature search was performed using combination of keywords (MeSH terms and free text words) relating to COVID-19, urology, faeces and stool on multiple databases. Primary outcomes were the urological manifestations of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in urine and stool samples. Meta-analyses were performed when there were two or more studies reporting on the same outcome. Special considerations in urological conditions that were relevant in the pandemic of COVID-19 were reported in a narrative manner. RESULTS: There were a total of 21 studies with 3714 COVID-19 patients, and urinary symptoms were absent in all of them. In patients with COVID-19, 7.58% (95% CI 3.30–13.54%) developed acute kidney injury with a mortality rate of 93.27% (95% CI 81.46–100%) amongst them. 5.74% (95% CI 2.88–9.44%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in urine samples, but the duration of viral shedding in urine was unknown. 65.82% (95% CI 45.71–83.51%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in stool samples, which were detected from 2 to 47 days from symptom onset. 31.6% of renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 required non-invasive ventilation, and the overall mortality rate was 15.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Acute kidney injury leading to mortality is common amongst COVID-19 patients, likely as a result of direct viral toxicity. Viral RNA positivity was detected in both urine and stool samples, so precautions are needed when we perform transurethral or transrectal procedures. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00345-020-03246-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462305/ doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03246-4 id: cord-311413-uiwjrvru author: Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina title: COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries date: 2020-04-27 words: 1734.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311413-uiwjrvru.txt summary: COVID-19 currently imposes an additional burden to the already overstretched, resource strapped health services which are grappling to bring under control the high burden of existing infectious and non-infectious diseases, including TB, HIV, and malaria. Health care workers and community members alike are faced with an important challenge of quickly identifying symptoms and taking appropriate steps for laboratory investigation in line with the case definition based on surveillance or clinical characterisation (WHO, 2020a) . Key steps to identifying a COVID-19 case ultimately involves symptomatic or high risk patients presenting to health providers with complaints of any of the following symptoms or travel history: fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache and others of acute onset or history of travel to affected areas or contact with an infected person. Thus, current screening approaches for COVID-19 are likely to miss approximately 50% of the infected cases even in countries with good health systems and available diagnostic capacities (Gostic et al., 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S120197122030223X doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.007 id: cord-308715-uo6h1h2e author: Chandra, Aman title: Personal protective equipment (PPE) for vitreoretinal surgery during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 1836.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308715-uo6h1h2e.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 is the recently discovered virus which has resulted in the pandemic illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] . Estimates for the proportion of asymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in different populations range between 7 and 80% [10] [11] [12] , with a substantial proportion of transmission occurring prior to illness onset [13, 14] . Gloves, disposable aprons, eye protection, fluid resistant type IIR surgical masks and slit lamp guards are recommended as personal protective equipment (PPE) for ophthalmic clinic assessment by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists [17] . Symptomatic patients with SARS tend to develop lower respiratory tract infections, suggesting aerosol transmission is important [25] . Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-020-0948-3 doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0948-3 id: cord-286222-8gfo2c87 author: Chandra, Dr Prabha S title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India date: 2020-05-27 words: 1241.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286222-8gfo2c87.txt summary: Type of manuscript: Correspondence (Letter to the Editor) Title: COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability-case report of two women from India Authors: Prabha S Chandra a *, Lakshmi Shiva a , Sachin Nagendrappa a , Sundarnag Ganjekar a ,Harish Thippeswamy a Affiliations: a.National institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru-560029, India There have been reports of heightened anxiety about COVID 19 leading to psychosis and related psychopathology (Brown et al., 2020; D Rentero et al., 2020; Vald''es-Florido et al., 2020) . Women who are vulnerable either due to personality factors, a family history or those in the perinatal period may be at risk for psychotic symptoms precipitated by high levels of COVID related anxiety (Wu et al., 2020) . Ms. R a 34-year old married housekeeper with two children, who had migrated recently to the city, presented with a two day history of being extremely fearful that she would get COVID 19 infection and her family and she would die. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113136 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113136 id: cord-326506-8jckdecg author: Chandratre, Sonal title: Medical Students and COVID-19: Challenges and Supportive Strategies date: 2020-06-24 words: 1289.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326506-8jckdecg.txt summary: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across the world, it is also adversely affecting medical student education. In addition, COVID-19 poses several challenges to medical students'' physical and mental health and their professional identity formation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted medical student education (MSE) drastically. Assessment of mental health of MS (n = 7143) from Changzhi Medical School, China, demonstrated self-reported anxiety in 25% participants. Learning from China''s experiences about COVID-19-related mental health challenges in MS, medical schools globally should bolster mental health support for their MS. Both the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and the Medical College of Wisconsin collaborated to describe how they are individually responding to the current need of a revised medical education curriculum delivery in light of COVID-19 with their complete transition to virtual learning. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student education in Wisconsin abstract: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread across the world, it is also adversely affecting medical student education. In addition, COVID-19 poses several challenges to medical students’ physical and mental health and their professional identity formation. Medical students are experiencing increasing anxiety due to the COVID-19 disruption. Medical students show higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation, and stigmatization around depression and are less likely to seek support. It is therefore important to safeguard their mental health and implement effective strategies to support their educational, physical, mental, and professional well-being. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520935059 doi: 10.1177/2382120520935059 id: cord-286280-bxfea097 author: Chang, Connie Y. title: Symptomatic COVID-19 infections in outpatient image-guided corticosteroid injection patients during the lockdown phase date: 2020-10-27 words: 3672.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286280-bxfea097.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management performed during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with a higher infection rate compared to the general population. The purpose of our study was to determine infection rates following imageguided corticosteroid injections for pain management compared to the COVID-19 infection rate in the general population during the lockdown phase. Our study examining outpatients who received image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic found one subject who developed symptomatic COVID-19 infection 19 days after a tibiotalar joint infection. performed a study of 15,068 joint injections and found a relative increased risk of 1.5 for vaccinated subjects developing influenza after an intra-articular corticosteroid injection compared with vaccinated control subjects [16] . In conclusion, our study showed no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of new cases of COVID-19 infection in the corticosteroid injection group and the general population of Massachusetts during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal pain is a debilitating problem treated with image-guided corticosteroid injections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple societies issued caution statements because of the unknown effect of corticosteroids on the patient’s immune system. The purpose is to determine if image-guided corticosteroid injections administered during the COVID-19 lockdown phase were associated with a higher infection rate compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, patients undergoing image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management during the lockdown phase between April 15 and May 22, 2020, were enrolled. One month after the injection, patients were surveyed by telephone for any COVID-19-related symptoms, and the electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for symptoms and test results. RESULTS: Seventy-one subjects were recruited, 31 (44%) females, 40 (56%) males, ages 58 ± 17 (20–92) years. Follow-up was available in 66 (93%) of subjects, 60 (91%) by phone survey and EMR, 6 (9%) by EMR only, 45 ± 22 (19–83) days after injection. One (1/66, 1.52%; 95% CI 0.04–8.2%) 25-year-old male subject developed symptomatic infection 19 days after a tibiotalar injection. The prevalence of COVID-19 cases in the state of Massachusetts was 0.91% (62,726/6,892,503) during the study period. There was no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of new cases of COVID-19 infection between the corticosteroid injection group and the general population (p = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Image-guided corticosteroid injections for pain management performed during the lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were not associated with a higher infection rate compared to the general population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33108512/ doi: 10.1007/s00256-020-03656-w id: cord-347460-9vechh4x author: Chang, Feng-Yee title: Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 words: 8050.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt summary: Three components are crucial for SARS-CoV induced diseases: 1) the role of CD8+ T cells in defense against the virus, which causes apoptosis in the infected cells, 2) interactions of the virus with macrophages and dendritic cells, which initiate the early innate and subsequent adaptive immune responses, and 3) type I interferon (IFN) system, an innate response against viral infections, which can inhibit virus replication in the early phase. Existing information suggests that the SARS-CoV-infected airways and alveolar epithelial cells secrete abundant chemokines to attract immune cell infiltrations to the lungs, including macrophages and neutrophils, thereby causing damage due to high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators secreted by these cell types. After a decade of research on coronavirus, unfortunately, still there are no licensed vaccines, effective specific antivirals, nor drug combinations supported by high-level evidence to treat the infection, especially for newly emerging strains such as SARS-COV-2 [59] . abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the worldwide spread of the infectious disease COVID-19, caused by a new strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, as a pandemic. Like in all other infectious diseases, the host immune system plays a key role in our defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viruses are able to evade the immune attack and proliferate and, in susceptible individuals, cause severe inflammatory response known as cytokine storm, particularly in the lungs. The advancement in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host immune responses promises to facilitate the development of approaches for prevention or treatment of diseases. Components of immune system, such as antibodies, can also be used to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic methods as well as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize our knowledge about how the host mounts immune responses to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We also describe the diagnostic methods being used for COVID-19 identification and summarize the current status of various therapeutic strategies, including vaccination, being considered for treatment of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-020-00663-w doi: 10.1186/s12929-020-00663-w id: cord-349822-ehidj2ev author: Chang, Raymond title: Repositioned chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for COVID-19: A protocol for rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-23 words: 2435.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349822-ehidj2ev.txt summary: In this setting, the existing drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) which has suggestive evidence of efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease has become prime candidates to be repositioned as therapeutic and preventative agents, and a growing number of clinical trials have been registered to study their preventative potential for at-risk populations using a range of dosing schemes and outcome measures. This rapid systematic review protocol aims to provide streamlined and timely synthesis on methodologies and results of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CQ and HCQ in hopes that this will constructively inform further research as well as public health policy. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 Using standardised forms, two researchers will independently extract data on study design, setting, participant characteristics, intervention and comparison details including dosage, duration, timing and route of administration, outcomes assessed and time of measure, as well as funding source or conflicts of interests as reported by authors of the trials. abstract: Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak rapidly evolved into a pandemic, there is an urgent need for rapid development, identification and confirmation of efficacious antiviral prophylaxis. In this setting, the existing drugs chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) which has suggestive evidence of efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease has become prime candidates to be repositioned as therapeutic and preventative agents, and a growing number of clinical trials have been registered to study their preventative potential for at-risk populations using a range of dosing schemes and outcome measures. This rapid systematic review protocol aims to provide streamlined and timely synthesis on methodologies and results of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of CQ and HCQ in hopes that this will constructively inform further research as well as public health policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.20071167 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20071167 id: cord-253162-lebgynsz author: Chang, Tsai-Yu title: Innovation of dental education during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-19 words: 3763.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253162-lebgynsz.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of three online symposiums, dental educators from different countries were invited to give presentation and discussion regarding to the information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the pandemic. Dental educators from different countries were invited to attend online symposiums with ZOOM software (Zoom Video Communications Inc., San Jose, California, USA) and give presentations regarding their information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the COVID-19 pandemic from their own countries. Eight scholars from The University of Sydney, Australia; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Loma Linda University, USA; International Medical University, Malaysia; National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Tohoku University, Japan; Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; and Columbia University, USA were invited to present the current situation of dental education during the pandemic in each own country. abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 has a certain influence on various walks of life around the world. Because of the pandemic of this novel coronavirus in terms of COVID-19, the social life global wide has been changed a lot. To keep the social distance between human being to prevent from being infected is the most important strategy for all the countries. Many dental schools have been locked down to minimize the spread out of this coronavirus infection. Close contact between human being are required for all those learning process in traditional dental education. Learning methods should be innovated to keep on the learning process but away from being infected for dental education during pandemic. The purpose of this manuscript is to exchange the information and experience of those dental educators from different countries to prepare for the future demand for dental education during pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of three online symposiums, dental educators from different countries were invited to give presentation and discussion regarding to the information and experience in the innovation of dental education during the pandemic. RESULTS: The results showed that the impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 affects the dental education a lot. Intelligent technology has certain benefit for the learning process of dental education during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The impact of the pandemic of COVID-19 affects dental education a lot. The model of dental education should be innovated to suit different situations and novelty intelligent technology should be applied for future dental education. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839668/ doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.011 id: cord-339536-je7fe0e7 author: Chang, Wei-Ting title: The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed date: 2020-08-11 words: 471.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339536-je7fe0e7.txt summary: title: The impact of COVID-19 on the research and educational environment in Taiwan --Forewarned is forearmed Two months apart from the lockdown of the first city, Wuhan, China, the research institutes at Stanford University, California start their remote lecture plan from March 14 th . With the timely activation of the public health system, Taiwan is one of the countries with an early response to COVID-19 3 . Currently, Taiwan received a ''rotten egg'' from the pandemic with 452 cases diagnosed with COVID-19 and 7 cases of death, which fortunately is a relatively lower mortality rate compared to other countries. Instead of instituting a local, citywide, or national lockdown, most people in Taiwan maintain their daily activities, including biomedical research. There are several pivotal decisions and measures that contained COVID-19 and simultaneously permitted the function of research and educational institutes. China Novel Coronavirus I and Research T. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0929664620303582 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.004 id: cord-339400-9uro1xlk author: Chang, Yoon-Seok title: COVID-19 and allergy date: 2020-07-30 words: 888.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339400-9uro1xlk.txt summary: Since its first report in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has totally changed our life throughout the world [1] . It is important to keep washing hands, wearing mask, and physical distancing in this time of ''COVID-19 pandemic'' and ''new normal.'' Numerous clinical trials of vaccines and therapeutic agents are ongoing [3] . Readers will find interesting articles on wheeze sound characteristics and nighttime sleep disturbances in younger children, the tolerability to paracetamol and preferential cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hypersensitivity, and the knowledge and attitudes of residents and interns to drug allergy [16] [17] [18] . This issue also contains inspiring articles on the utility of an educational video on epinephrine prefilled syringe usage for anaphylaxis, and the IgE recognition profile of aeroallergen components in young children sensitized to dogs [19, 20] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e34 doi: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e34 id: cord-338580-zszeldfv author: Chang, Yu-Kai title: Exercise Behavior and Mood during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Lessons for the Future date: 2020-09-28 words: 6620.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338580-zszeldfv.txt summary: This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. Those who exercised for 2-3 days per week prepandemic and were able to maintain their exercise frequency, had higher mood states compared to those who decreased their exercise frequency to one day or less during the COVID-19 pandemic (b pre2:during1-2 = −0.25, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic had no significant effect on mood states for those who exercised one day or less prepandemic (p > 0.05). In general, higher frequencies of exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in better mood states. Our study is the first study conducted to investigate the changes in exercise behavior and mood states during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated governmental recommendations and restrictions have influenced many aspects of human life, including exercise and mental health. This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on exercise behavior and its impact on mood states, as well as predict changes in exercise behavior during a similar future pandemic in Taiwan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 7 April and 13 May 2020 (n = 1114). Data on exercise behavior pre and during the pandemic and mood states were collected. A cumulative link model was used to predict changes in exercise frequency during a similar future pandemic by exercise frequency during the pandemic. A linear model was used to predict the influence of exercise frequency before and during the pandemic on mood states during the pandemic. A total of 71.2%, 67.3%, and 58.3% of respondents maintained their exercise intensity, frequency, and duration, respectively, during the pandemic. Frequent exercisers are more likely to maintain their exercise frequency during a similar pandemic (p < 0.001). Higher exercise frequencies during the pandemic were associated with better mood states (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effects of prepandemic exercise frequency on mood states are moderated by changes in exercise frequency during the pandemic (p < 0.05). Additionally, maintenance of exercise frequency during a pandemic specifically for frequent exercisers are recommended to preserve mood states. These results may provide evidence for health policies on exercise promotion and mental health before and during a future pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197092 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197092 id: cord-318906-p7wb6kjd author: Changzheng, He title: How should colorectal surgeons practice during the COVID‐19 epidemic? A retrospective single‐center analysis based on real‐world data from China date: 2020-05-28 words: 2043.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318906-p7wb6kjd.txt summary: To date we''ve carried out several measures and put forward a Chinese expert consensus on surgical diagnosis and treatment strategies for CRC patients during COVID-19 epidemic [12] . Firstly, several tips for outpatient management should be addressed: (1) medical staff in outpatient must wear medical surgical mask or N95 mask, as well as disposable helmet, gloves and goggles, to protect them from potential infection; (2) appointment and triage protocols should be carried out through telephone, smartphone apps or internet service and patients visit the clinic based on reservation number and recommended time, to reduce crowds gathering and lower risks of cross infection; (3) for primary-care patients, triage nurses need to measure their temperature and investigate epidemiological history including travelling to Wuhan in Hubei Province and nearby cities, meeting with people who have been in those areas, and contact with confirmed or suspected cases within 14 days, as well as clinical manifestations including fever ( > 37.3℃), fatigue and respiratory symptoms like coughing. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 is currently of global concern. Cancer patients are advised to stay at home in case of potential infection, which may cause delays of routine diagnosis and necessary treatment. How colorectal surgeons should manage this during the epidemic remains a big challenge. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of routine colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 and to offer some Chinese recommendations to colorectal surgeons throughout the world. METHODS: A total of 166 patients receiving colorectal surgery from 20th December 2019 to 20th March 2020 at Department of General Surgery in Chinese General Hospital of People's Liberation Army were enrolled, and further divided into two groups based on before or after admission date of 20th January 2020. Clinicopathologic data such as hospital stay and economic data such as total costs were collected and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Longer hospital stay, higher proportion of non‐local patients and more hospitalization cost were found in the post‐20 January group (special‐time group) (P < 0.001; P < 0.05; P < 0.05 respectively). Apart from this, no difference existed with regard to baseline demographical data such as age, sex and height, as well as clinicopathological data such as previous history, surgery time, operation extent and TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS: This real‐world study indicated that performing colorectal surgery during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic might be safe and feasible based on comprehensive screening and investigation. We have summarized several recommendations here, hoping to help surgeons from related departments across the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462756/ doi: 10.1111/ans.16057 id: cord-311215-x3b7ewo2 author: Chao, Tiffany N. title: Tracheotomy in Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 words: 2044.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311215-x3b7ewo2.txt summary: Here we seek to determine whether there is a subset of ventilated COVID-19 patients for which tracheotomy may be indicated, while considering patient prognosis and the risks of transmission. In a typical non-COVID-19 intensive care unit patient cohort, early tracheotomy (typically defined as within 7 days of intubation) is often recommended for critically ill ventilated patients 10 . 2. Tracheotomy before 21 days should not be routinely performed in COVID-19 patients solely for prolonged ventilator dependence, given the high risk of transmission and poor prognosis of patients requiring intubation and ventilation in the existing literature. Tracheotomy has been shown to be an aerosol generating procedure that increases the risk of transmission to healthcare workers, with an odds ratio of 4.15 for transmission in those who performed tracheotomies during the SARS epidemic 19 , though it is unclear as to whether this may be due in part to inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000003956 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003956 id: cord-355986-ntovppf8 author: Chapman, Michael title: Systems of Care in Crisis: The Changing Nature of Palliative Care During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 2762.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355986-ntovppf8.txt summary: Care systems, the dynamic interconnections and processes involving care providers and care recipients, result in the practices that we recognize as "care." These systems emerge from the needs of human bodies, the recognition and response to these needs by people and communities, the communication that supports these connections, and the meaning attributed to this care. Also relevant to palliative care systems has been the pandemic''s profound influence on social, psychological, and community systems (particularly through uncertainty, isolation, and fear) which require responses and support. Providing palliative care now places clinicians and their families at risk from the illness itself and from fear-based responses and hostility of the community to healthcare workers. The commonality of responses of palliative care systems subject to the influences the COVID-19 pandemic noted with this work does not mean to imply a uniformity of experience. abstract: Among the far-reaching impacts of COVID-19 is its impact on care systems, the social and other systems that we rely on to maintain and provide care for those with “illness.” This paper will examine these impacts through a description of the influence on palliative care systems that have arisen within this pandemic. It will explore the impact on the meaning of care, how care is performed and identified, and the responses of palliative care systems to these challenges. It will also highlight the current and potential future implications of these dynamics within the unfolding crisis of this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10006-x doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10006-x id: cord-268324-86a0n0dc author: Charitos, Ioannis A title: Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date: 2020-09-26 words: 6117.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The clinical picture of critical patients with severe inflammatory-induced lung disease and with sepsis or septic shock needing intensive care support and mechanical ventilation is characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms of life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction or failure, including dyspnoea, tachypnoea (respiratory rate of > 30/min), tachycardia, chest pain or tightness, hypoxemia, virus-induced distributive shock, cardiac dysfunction, elevations in multiple inflammatory cytokines, renal impairment with oliguria, altered mental status, functional alterations of organs expressed as laboratory data of hyperbilirubinemia, acidosis [serum lactate level > 2 mmol/L (18 mg/dL)], coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Optimal management of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 disease is evolving quickly and treatment guidelines, based on scientific evidence and experts’ opinions with clinical experience, are constantly being updated. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". The total lack of immune protection brought about a severe spread of the contagion all over the world. For this reason, diagnostic tools, patient management and therapeutic approaches have been tested along the way, in the desperate race to break free from the widespread infection and its fatal respiratory complications. Current medical knowledge and research on severe and critical patients’ management and experimental treatments are still evolving, but several protocols on minimizing risk of infection among the general population, patients and healthcare workers have been approved and diffused by International Health Authorities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024749/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3920 id: cord-298090-9b3d33ih author: Charlier, P title: L’hydroxy-chloroquine pour traiter les patients infectés du COVID-19: quelques leçons d''an-thropologie médicale et d''histoire de la médecine date: 2020-08-27 words: 1827.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298090-9b3d33ih.txt summary: Here, the authors question the implementation of hydroxychloroquine treatment in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Here, the authors question the implementation of hydroxychloroquine treatment in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Since the start of the epidemics and then the pandemic, Professor Raoult has been in favour of using a drug combination (hydroxy-chloroquine +/ azithromycine) that shows a good in vitro antiviral effect against COVID-19 but without "robust" human clinical trials behind it [12, 13] . Returning to the discussion on hydroxy-chloroquine the look into the history of medicine offers one strong argument for the application as a potential treatment due to the lack of proven effective therapies for Covid-19 [24] . 8 So certainly, in the context of hydroxy-chloroquine and Covid-19 pandemic, there are rules to follow, those of statistics and randomised controlled trials, but do we have the time? abstract: Il est certainement trop tôt pour faire le point sur les intuitions du professeur Raoult, et ce n'est d'ailleurs pas le but de ce court article. Néanmoins, l'expérience a montré qu'en période de crise sanitaire sans précédent, les prescriptions se révèlent souvent aventureuses, surtout lorsqu'il s'agit d'un nouveau virus. L'imagination collective autour d'un remède se substitue souvent à une garantie ou, au contraire, à une sauvegarde. Ici, les auteurs s'interrogent sur la mise en œuvre du traitement à l'hydroxychloroquine dans le contexte de la pandémie de Covid-19. Comment sa prescription a-t-elle été discutée dans ce contexte de crise? Quelle leçon pouvons-nous tirer de l'anthropologie médicale et de l'histoire de la médecine, en étant témoins d'autres épidémies et de substances ou comportements atypiques ou non conventionnels des praticiens? It is certainly too early to take stock of Professor Raoult's intuitions, and moreover, that is not the aim of this short article. Nevertheless, experience has shown that in times of unprecedented health crises, prescriptions often turn out to be adventurous, especially when it comes to a new virus. The collective imagination around a remedy often takes the place of a guarantee or, on the contrary, a safeguard. Here, the authors question the implementation of hydroxychloroquine treatment in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. How was his prescription discussed in this context of crisis? What lesson can we learn from medical anthropology and the history of medicine, by witnessing other epidemics and atypical or unconventional substances or behaviors of practitioners? url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352552520301250?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100587 id: cord-267055-xscwk74r author: Chassagnon, Guillaume title: AI-Driven quantification, staging and outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-15 words: 5146.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267055-xscwk74r.txt summary: Our approach relies on automatic deep learning-based disease quantification using an ensemble of architectures, and a data-driven consensus for the staging and outcome prediction of the patients fusing imaging biomarkers with clinical and biological attributes. • A Covid-19-specific holistic, highly compact multi-omics signature integrating imaging/clinical/ biological data and associated comorbidities for automatic patient staging is presented and evaluated. Our approach relies on automatic deep learning-based disease quantification using an ensemble of architectures, and a datadriven consensus for the staging and outcome prediction of the patients fusing imaging biomarkers with clinical and biological attributes. In this study, we investigated an automatic method ( To the best of our knowledge this is among a few systematic efforts to quantify disease extent, to discover low dimensional and interpretable imaging biomarkers and to integrate them to clinical variables into short and long term prognosis of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in 2019 and disseminated around the world rapidly. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been proven to be an important tool for screening, disease quantification and staging. The latter is of extreme importance for organizational anticipation (availability of intensive care unit beds, patient management planning) as well as to accelerate drug development through rapid, reproducible and quantified assessment of treatment response. Even if currently there are no specific guidelines for the staging of the patients, CT together with some clinical and biological biomarkers are used. In this study, we collected a multi-center cohort and we investigated the use of medical imaging and artificial intelligence for disease quantification, staging and outcome prediction. Our approach relies on automatic deep learning-based disease quantification using an ensemble of architectures, and a data-driven consensus for the staging and outcome prediction of the patients fusing imaging biomarkers with clinical and biological attributes. Highly promising results on multiple external/independent evaluation cohorts as well as comparisons with expert human readers demonstrate the potentials of our approach. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841520302243?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101860 id: cord-277700-nxm1jr0x author: Chassagnon, Guillaume title: AI-Driven CT-based quantification, staging and short-term outcome prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-22 words: 4879.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277700-nxm1jr0x.txt summary: (i) Two independent cohorts with quantification based on ensemble 2D & 3D consensus neural networks reaching expert-level annotations on massive evaluation, (ii) Consensus-driven bio(imaging)-marker selection on the principle of prevalence across methods leading to variables highly-correlated with outcomes & (iii) Consensus of linear & non-linear classification methods for staging and prognosis reaching optimal performance (minimum discrepancy between training & testing). The approach relied on (i) a disease quantification solution that exploited 2D & 3D convolutional neural networks using an ensemble method, (ii) a biomarker discovery approach sought to determine the share space of features that are the most informative for staging & prognosis, & (iii) an ensemble robust supervised classification method to distinguish patients with severe vs non-severe short-term outcome and among severe patients those intubated and those who did not survive. abstract: Chest computed tomography (CT) is widely used for the management of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 49 pneumonia because of its availability and rapidity. The standard of reference for confirming COVID-19 relies on microbiological tests but these tests might not be available in an emergency setting and their results are not immediately available, contrary to CT. In addition to its role for early diagnosis, CT has a prognostic role by allowing visually evaluating the extent of COVID-19 lung abnormalities. The objective of this study is to address prediction of short-term outcomes, especially need for mechanical ventilation. In this multi-centric study, we propose an end-to-end artificial intelligence solution for automatic quantification and prognosis assessment by combining automatic CT delineation of lung disease meeting the performance of experts and data-driven identification of biomarkers for its prognosis. AI-driven combination of variables with CT-based biomarkers offers perspectives for optimal patient management given the shortage of intensive care beds and ventilators. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.17.20069187v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069187 id: cord-272219-w4lyryr7 author: Chate, Rodrigo Caruso title: Presentation of pulmonary infection on CT in COVID-19: initial experience in Brazil date: 2020 words: 2050.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272219-w4lyryr7.txt summary: In this initial experience in Brazil, involving the first 12 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (based on RT-PCR results) who underwent chest CT at our facility, the following CT features were observed: ground-glass opacities, in 12 patients (100%); crazypaving pattern, in 7 (58%); alveolar consolidation, in 4 (33%); reversed halo sign, in 1 (8%); and pleural effusion, in 1 (8%). Axial images (in A to C) and coronal reconstructions (in D) of chest CT scans of a 44-year-old man with clinical findings suggestive of COVID-19 (fever, sore throat, and frequent dry cough), demonstrating the most commonly described pattern: numerous bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities, associated with fine reticulation and interlobular septal thickening (crazy-paving pattern), involving various lung lobes and being predominantly peripheral in distribution in the parenchyma and a little more extensive in the posterior regions of the lower lobes. abstract: The disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), designated COVID-19, emerged in late 2019 in China, in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province), and showed exponential growth in that country. It subsequently spread to all continents, and infection with SARS-CoV-2 is now classified as a pandemic. Given the magnitude achieved, scientific interest in COVID-19 has also grown in the international literature, including its manifestations on imaging studies, particularly on CT. To date, no case series have been published in Brazil. Therefore, our objective was to describe the CT findings in an initial series of 12 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294718/ doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200121 id: cord-274694-kdsv7v8e author: Chathukulam, Jos title: The Kerala Model in the time of COVID19: rethinking State, Society and Democracy date: 2020-09-23 words: 6370.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274694-kdsv7v8e.txt summary: On the other hand, there are some relatively poor, so-called under-developed countries and regions, such as Vietnam (The Economist, 2020), Cambodia and the small state of Kerala in India (a state within a state) which have emerged as success stories with a record of early and effective interventions, of controlling the spread of the virus, healing the infected and reducing the death rate. We will especially focus on the state and Kerala''s model of an effective and vibrant democracy and "public action" in the words of Dreze and Sen. We argue that while Kerala was blessed with good and efficient leaders during this crisis, the more important factors behind Kerala''s success have been robust institutions of state and governance built over many years with the capacity to take timely and effective measures in handling the crisis. abstract: Kerala, a small state in South India, has been celebrated as a development model by scholars across the world for its exemplary achievements in human development and poverty reduction despite relatively low GDP growth. It was no surprise, then, that the Covid 19 pandemic that hit Kerala before any other part of India, became a test case for the Kerala model in dealing with such a crisis. Kerala was lauded across the world once again as a success story in containing this unprecedented pandemic, in treating those infected, and in making needed provisions for those adversely affected by the lockdown. But as it turned out, this celebration was premature as Kerala soon faced a third wave of Covid 19 infections. The objective of this paper is to examine Kerala’s trajectory in achieving the success and then confronting the unanticipated reversal. It will examine the legacy of the Kerala model such as robust and decentralized institutions and provisions for healthcare, welfare and safety nets, and especially the capacity of a democratic state working in synergy with civil society and enjoying a high degree of consensus and public trust. It will then examine the new surge of the virus and attempts to establish if this was due to any mistakes made by the state or some deficits in its model of “public action” that includes adversarial politics having a disruptive tenor about it. We will conclude by arguing that the Kerala model is still relevant, and that it is still a model in motion. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305750X2030334X doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105207 id: cord-354936-do0bmpxt author: Chatterjee, Ranit title: COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool: Dual application of risk communication and risk governance date: 2020-06-02 words: 6218.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354936-do0bmpxt.txt summary: To strengthen the community level response, a coordinated approach of disaster risk governance from Sendai Framework point of view is needed to manage this public health emergency. In comparison to the Arogya Setu App by Government of India, the COVID-19 Risk assessment tool, provides awareness information in the form of questions which are also used to assess the risk based on behaviour and social compliance. Further, the COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool generates information on anxiety levels to understand the need for psychosocial care as part of overall response. The tool is a low-cost technology-based solution to provide assessment of individual risk as well as increase community awareness. The COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool is broadly based on four major factors of health, exposure, behavior and social policy. As the paper states, the COVID-19 Risk assessment tool goes beyond the medical symptoms and considers factors of individual behaviour and social policy. abstract: Abstract Risk awareness is the best way to prevent and slow-down the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk awareness is achieved through communication of risk assessment. Effective risk communication is an important measure to control the infodemic. Most risk assessment tools focus on either tracking the affected patients or diagnosing a probable health condition through symptoms. RIKA India introduces an innovative Risk Assessment Tool which goes beyond the symptom detection and patient tracking. It includes four factors in assessment of risk: Health, Behaviour, Exposure and Social Policy. Each of these four factors have sub-factors which help to assess the overall risk in a more comprehensive way and also present it to the user in a simplified way. The paper discusses the importance of the Risk Assessment Tool for awareness generation and decision making. Further, the datasets generated through the tool have been analysed to understand the key intervention areas for COVID-19 response and management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300466 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100109 id: cord-335137-5qt286kc author: Chatterjee, Swapan K. title: Molecular Pathogenesis, Immunopathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 7124.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335137-5qt286kc.txt summary: It is believed that interaction between angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor and viral Spike protein mediates the coronavirus entry into human respiratory epithelial cells and establishes the host tropism. The most significant surface protein is spike glycoprotein which interferes in establishing the association between the human respiratory epithelial cells to the virus via cell surface membrane receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and finally establishes the host tropism (Li et al., 2003) . A recent study suggests that prediction of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein structure, glycan shield pattern and pattern of glycosylation has great inference on understanding the viral camouflage as well as the outline of cell entry, and also facilitate the development of new small-molecule drugs, vaccines, antibodies, and screening of the human host targets (Song et al., 2018) . Various studies have proved that SARS-CoV-2 infection initiation and spread of disease into the host cells mainly depends upon S protein priming by TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane protease serine type 2), the serine protease. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a highly contagious transmittable disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus, pathogenic SARS-CoV-2. Followed by the emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in 2003 SARS-CoV, in 2012 MERS-CoV, now in 2019 pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, is associated with a global “pandemic” situation. In humans, the effects of these viruses are correlated with viral pneumonia, severe respiratory tract infections. It is believed that interaction between angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor and viral Spike protein mediates the coronavirus entry into human respiratory epithelial cells and establishes the host tropism. ACE2 receptor is highly expressed in airway epithelial cells. Along with viral-receptor interaction, proteolytic cleavability of S protein has been considered as the determinant of disease severity. Several studies highlight the occurrence of impaired host immune response and expression of excessive inflammatory response especially cytokines against viral infection. The mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 induced acute lung injury are still undefined; however, the term cytokine storm has now been recognized to be closely associated with COVID-19. The levels of inflammatory mediators from cytokine storm cause damage to the host cells. In particular, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 appears to be the key mediator in early phase of virus-receptor interaction; however, secreted IL-6 might not be representative of lung inflammation. Understanding the cellular, and molecular factors involved in immune dysregulation and the high virulence capacity of COVID-19 will help in potential targeted therapy against it. “Drug repurposing” and “molecular docking analysis” is considered as an attractive alternative approach in analyzing suitable drug candidates to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Globally, extensive research is in progress to discover a new vaccine for novel COVID-19. Moreover, our review mainly focuses on the most state-of-the-art therapeutic approach mediated by “Mannose-binding lectin (MBL).” One of the most significant molecules of innate immunity is MBL. It plays a major role in the activation of the complement system as an ante-antibody prior to the response of any particular antibody. Recombinant human MBL can be used as immunomodulators against SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850977/ doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00196 id: cord-324983-2fjo664i author: Chaturvedi, Santosh K. title: Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times date: 2020-10-27 words: 959.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324983-2fjo664i.txt summary: title: Spiritual, Moral and Ethical Dilemmata for Healthcare Professionals During Covid-19 Times This has led to a unique experience among health care professionals, specially doctors and nurses, arising from their predicament. The features are a sense of confusion about what is right and what is wrong, questioning about one''s duty and role in the situation, questioning one''s purpose in life and work, feelings of frustration, feeling demoralized and what is expected from them by the system, ruminations about the conflict and dilemma, helplessness about what to do, a lack of motivation, a sense of incompleteness of one''s existence, a sense of loss of meaning in the given circumstances, a sense of fatigue and burnout, indecisiveness and other experiences which are difficult to put in words. Covid-19, coronavirus and mental health rehabilitation at times of crisis Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134039/ doi: 10.1007/s40737-020-00205-5 id: cord-295412-ow9lqhrw author: Chaturvedi, Seemant title: The interplay between COVID 19 and non-communicable diseases date: 2020-07-01 words: 617.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295412-ow9lqhrw.txt summary: A second noteworthy observation from the study is the link between ischemic heart disease and stroke and COVID-19 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic may also be inflicting collateral damage on patients with heart disease and stroke. Avoidance of the hospital can thereby cause delay in medical care for patients with heart disease and stroke and potentially a higher rate of complications. Other limitations of the study may include variation in test methods, rates of testing and availability of resources for testing by country, and a need for a reassessment at the policy level of what may or may not work during the pandemic as evidenced by relatively low COVID-19 death rates in some high-income countries (e.g., Denmark, Norway, Germany, New Zealand) but not others. Importantly, hospitals will need to balance bed availability for patients with both COVID-19 and traditional non-communicable diseases. Covid-19 pandemic and burden of non-communicable diseases: An ecological study on data of 185 countries abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S105230572030522X doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105104 id: cord-274491-921orhjg author: Chau, Vinh Q. title: The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support date: 2020-04-08 words: 1475.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274491-921orhjg.txt summary: title: The Imperfect Cytokine Storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in Patient on Durable LVAD Support Abstract As health systems worldwide grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, patients on durable LVAD support represent a unique population at risk for the disease. We outline such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by "cytokine storm" with severe ARDS and myocardial injury; and describe the challenges that arose during management. We present such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by "cytokine storm" with severe ARDS and myocardial injury and illustrate clinical considerations that arose during his clinical course. In lieu of absolute values, the relative change in these biomarkers may be more pertinent in grading COVID-19 severity in patients on LVAD support. Immunomodulatory biologics such as tocilizumab are reserved for severe COVID-19 defined by the presence of both worsening respiratory failure and cytokine storm as evidenced by increasing inflammatory markers. abstract: Abstract As health systems worldwide grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, patients on durable LVAD support represent a unique population at risk for the disease. We outline such a patient who developed COVID-19 complicated by “cytokine storm” with severe ARDS and myocardial injury; and describe the challenges that arose during management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666084920303314 doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.001 id: cord-303068-g5y7fvy5 author: Chaudhary, Farooq Ahmad title: Concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers in their working environment during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-09-20 words: 2920.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303068-g5y7fvy5.txt summary: A 35 items valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers (OHCW) in COVID‐19 pandemic. Previous researches on COVID-19 infection among the HCW had focussed on the concerns, impact, and preparedness of those working in general medicine and surgery, 10, 11 and to our knowledge, there is no study on oral healthcare workers (OHCW) has been reported. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate/contrast the clinical and non-clinical oral healthcare workers'' concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness in a COVID-19 pandemic in dental hospitals of Pakistan. In this study, we assessed the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of OHCW who worked at dental hospitals in Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic and contrasted between the clinical and non-clinical staff. Concerns, perceived impact and preparedness in an avian influenza pandemic-a comparative study between healthcare workers in primary and tertiary care abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral healthcare workers' concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness in COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross‐sectional study was carried out at 10 different dental hospitals in Pakistan from March to June 2020. A 35 items valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers (OHCW) in COVID‐19 pandemic. Chi‐squared test and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 583 OHCW participated in this study. The odds of having the awareness about the risk of exposure and fear of getting infected, were greater in the clinical than non‐clinical OHCW (OR: 52.6; OR: 15.9). For social network concerns, the clinical OHCW were more likely to be concerned about their colleagues (OR: 6.0). The clinical OHCW have greater odds of worrying about telling the family/friends about the risk exposed to (OR: 2.55), being avoided because of the job (OR: 3.20) and more likely to be feeling stressed (OR: 4.31). Less than 50% of the participants felt that their institutions are well prepared and only 12.6% had attended an infection control training session. Most participants practiced self‐preparation such as buying masks and disinfection (94.3%, 98.3%). CONCLUSION: The majority of OHCW felt concerned about their risk of exposure to infection and falling ill from exposure and infecting friends/family. There is a need for training of infection control and PPE and minimizing fear and psychological impact on OHCW should be the priority in any preparedness and planning for combating COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12168 doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12168 id: cord-343743-6k3soh1l author: Chaudhary, Sachin title: Antifibrotics in COVID-19 Lung Disease: Let Us Stay Focused date: 2020-09-09 words: 3348.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343743-6k3soh1l.txt summary: Among the many excellent ongoing studies with good preclinical data in appropriate animal models, some arising directly from recent clinical observations, we were surprised to see studies proposing to use the FDA-approved anti-fibrotic therapies (nintedanib NCT04338802 and pirfenidone NCT04282902) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we posit that, unlike patients with IPF, the COVID-19 survivors will follow a familiar course of intense pulmonary inflammation, leading to mild scarring and near-normal lung function recovery over time. Fewer studies are available for outcomes in MERS, but similar to other causes of viral-induced lung injury, MERS survivors have a reduced quality of life (21) , and the pulmonary sequelae from MERS are mild. Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge abstract: After decades of research, two therapies for chronic fibrotic lung disease are now approved by the FDA, with dozens more anti-fibrotic therapies in the pipeline. A great deal of enthusiasm has been generated for the use of these drugs, which are by no means curative but clearly have a favorable impact on lung function decline over time. Amidst a flurry of newly developed and repurposed drugs to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its accompanying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), few have emerged as effective. Historically, survivors of severe viral pneumonia and related acute lung injury with ARDS often have near full recovery of lung function. While the pathological findings of the lungs of patients with COVID-19 can be diverse, current reports have shown significant lung fibrosis predominantly in autopsy studies. There is growing enthusiasm to study anti-fibrotic therapy for inevitable lung fibrosis, and clinical trials are underway using currently FDA-approved anti-fibrotic therapies. Given the relatively favorable outcomes of survivors of virus-mediated ARDS and the low prevalence of clinically meaningful lung fibrosis in survivors, this perspective examines if there is a rationale for testing these repurposed antifibrotic agents in COVID-19-associated lung disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072773/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00539 id: cord-278581-4vhpoi87 author: Chaudhary, Varun title: National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis date: 2020-07-09 words: 701.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278581-4vhpoi87.txt summary: title: National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis Steering Committee to assess awareness of, confidence in, and adherence to recent guidelines released by the Canadian Ophthalmology Society (COS) and Canadian Retina Society (CRS) for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3 All but 2 respondents were aware of national personal protective equipment (PPE Q3 X X) and practice management guidelines from the COS and the CRS. The survey results demonstrated strong awareness among CRS members of the guidelines recently released by COS and CRS in response to the COVID-19 crisis, suggesting that the mechanisms of dissemination used by these governing bodies were successful at reaching their physician members in a timely manner. 4 Thus, in response to COVID-19, we suggest that future mechanisms be refined to coordinate clear, standardized, uniform, and evidence-based guidance for best-practice clinical management and the use of PPE in ophthalmic care. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008418220306207 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.06.001 id: cord-340042-intxyu46 author: Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir title: New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-11 words: 5457.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340042-intxyu46.txt summary: In December 2019, a novel virus, namely COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, developed from Wuhan, Hubei territory of China, which used its viral spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) for the entrance into a host cell by binding with ACE-2 receptor and cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Different subunits of spike proteins like the S1 and S2 subunits, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are the critical elements for the formation of a vaccine against the newly emerged virus that helped in producing T cell responses and protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 [29] . The recombinant protein is known as one of the emerging fields for the development of a vaccine against viruses due to several properties including tight binding to specific ACE-2 receptor, provoke immune protection against viral infections, increase antibody-dependent viral entry, and promote antigenicity against virus like SARS-CoV [52] . abstract: In December 2019, a novel virus, namely COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, developed from Wuhan, Hubei territory of China, which used its viral spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) for the entrance into a host cell by binding with ACE-2 receptor and cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data revealed that the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 affected more than 24,854,140 people with 838,924 deaths worldwide. Until now, no licensed immunization or drugs are present for the medication of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to investigate the latest developments and discuss the candidate antibodies in different vaccine categories to develop a reliable and efficient vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a short time duration. Besides, the review focus on the present challenges and future directions, structure, and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 for better understanding. Based on data, we revealed that most of the vaccines are focus on targeting the spike protein (S) of COVID-19 to neutralized viral infection and develop long-lasting immunity. Up to phase-1 clinical trials, some vaccines showed the specific antigen-receptor T cell response, elicit the humoral and immune response, displayed tight binding with human-leukocytes-antigen (HLA), and recognized specific antibodies to provoke long-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32926920/ doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118421 id: cord-275303-8mj8gjv9 author: Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo title: Modeling the role of respiratory droplets in Covid-19 type pandemics date: 2020-06-01 words: 8014.0 sentences: 508.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275303-8mj8gjv9.txt summary: In the second part, we have emulated the respiratory droplets responsible for disease transmission as salt solution droplets and computed their evaporation time, accounting for droplet cooling, heat and mass transfer, and finally, crystallization of the dissolved salt. As such, the evaporation mechanism of respiratory droplets are laced with complexities stemming from droplet aerodynamics, initial droplet cooling, heat transfer, mass transfer of the solvent and solute, respectively, and finally, crystallization of the solute-a phenomenon known as efflorescence. In this paper, a model for the infection rate constant based on collision theory incorporates the evaporation physics of respiratory droplets, ab initio. Recognizing that the ejected droplets during the respiratory event is surrounded by this dynamically evolving air volume and that the motion of the droplets will be strongly coupled due to the aerodynamic drag, we first model the surrounding air in two parts using the analytical results of the turbulent jet and puff, respectively. abstract: In this paper, we develop a first principles model that connects respiratory droplet physics with the evolution of a pandemic such as the ongoing Covid-19. The model has two parts. First, we model the growth rate of the infected population based on a reaction mechanism. The advantage of modeling the pandemic using the reaction mechanism is that the rate constants have sound physical interpretation. The infection rate constant is derived using collision rate theory and shown to be a function of the respiratory droplet lifetime. In the second part, we have emulated the respiratory droplets responsible for disease transmission as salt solution droplets and computed their evaporation time, accounting for droplet cooling, heat and mass transfer, and finally, crystallization of the dissolved salt. The model output favourably compares with the experimentally obtained evaporation characteristics of levitated droplets of pure water and salt solution, respectively, ensuring fidelity of the model. The droplet evaporation/desiccation time is, indeed, dependent on ambient temperature and is also a strong function of relative humidity. The multi-scale model thus developed and the firm theoretical underpinning that connects the two scales—macro-scale pandemic dynamics and micro-scale droplet physics—thus could emerge as a powerful tool in elucidating the role of environmental factors on infection spread through respiratory droplets. url: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015984 doi: 10.1063/5.0015984 id: cord-335768-ry5boej6 author: Chauhan, Shaylika title: Comprehensive review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-01 words: 4382.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335768-ry5boej6.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China''s Hubei province and has rapidly spread all over the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of May 12, 2020, as shown in Fig. 1 , this has evolved into a pandemic affecting 187 countries/regions with 1, 484, 811 cases in the world with maximum being in USA(1, 347,936) followed by 227,436 in Spain and 224, 422 in United Kingdom at the time of writing .6 It is an un-precedented global health crisis with 286,355 deaths since the virus was first reported. Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) d United States abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province and has rapidly spread all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and recognized it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. The number of people diagnosed with COVID-19 worldwide crossed the one million mark on April 2, 2020; two million mark on April 15, 2020; three million mark on April 27,2020 and the four million mark on May 9,2020. Despite containment efforts, more than 187 countries have been affected with more than 4, 178,346 cases in the world with maximum being in USA (1, 347,936) followed by 227,436 in Spain and 224, 422 in United Kingdom as of May, 2020. COVID-19 is the latest threat to face mankind cutting across geographical barriers in a rapidly changing landscape. This review provides an update on a rapidly evolving global pandemic. As we face the threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, this is a stark reminder to invest in population health, climate change countermeasures, a global health surveillance system and effective research into identifying pathogens, their treatment and prevention and effective health delivery systems. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2319417020300871 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.023 id: cord-256688-yy7abob9 author: Chavez, Summer title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians date: 2020-03-24 words: 6416.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256688-yy7abob9.txt summary: DISCUSSION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6 ft) by respiratory droplets. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously referred to as 2019-nCoV, is the virus responsible for causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . An emergency medicine approach to COVID-19 should focus on identifying and isolating patients at risk for infection, informing hospital infection prevention and local public health authorities, and engaging infectious disease and other specialists early in care. Emergency physicians should obtain a detailed travel history from all patients and suspect COVID-19 in patients presenting with symptoms of an acute upper respiratory illness and fever. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. OBJECTIVE: This review article provides emergency physicians with an overview of the most current understanding of COVID-19 and recommendations on the evaluation and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. DISCUSSION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6 ft) by respiratory droplets. Symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to other viral upper respiratory illnesses. Three major trajectories include mild disease with upper respiratory symptoms, non-severe pneumonia, and severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Emergency physicians should focus on identifying patients at risk, isolating suspected patients, and informing hospital infection prevention and public health authorities. Patients with suspected COVID-19 should be asked to wear a facemask. Respiratory etiquette, hand washing, and personal protective equipment are recommended for all healthcare personnel caring for suspected cases. Disposition depends on patient symptoms, hemodynamic status, and patient ability to self-quarantine. CONCLUSION: This narrative review provides clinicians with an updated approach to the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265065/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.036 id: cord-024134-ym7ce5ux author: Chawla, Sonam title: Preparing for the Perpetual Challenges of Pandemics of Coronavirus Infections with Special Focus on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19, arising from novel, zoonotic coronavirus-2, has gripped the world in a pandemic. The present chapter discusses the current internationally implemented pandemic preparedness strategies succeeding/recommended to curb the COVID-19 threat to humankind. The updated phase-wise categorization of a pandemic as recommended by the WHO is described, and associated innovations in surveillance, response, and medical measures/advisory in practice across the globe are elaborated. From a bird’s eye view, the COVID-19 pandemic management relies on revolutionizing the disease surveillance by incorporating artificial intelligence and data analytics, boosting the response strategies—extensive testing, case isolation, contact tracing, and social distancing—and promoting awareness and access to pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, which are discussed in the present chapter. We also preview the economic bearing of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189398/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_14 id: cord-350460-80eu9b9c author: Che Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal title: COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-08-18 words: 2207.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350460-80eu9b9c.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Deep Learning Prediction Model Using Publicly Available Radiologist-Adjudicated Chest X-Ray Images as Training Data: Preliminary Findings With a limited number of publicly available COVID-19 chest X-ray images, the generalization and robustness of deep learning models to detect COVID-19 cases developed based on these images are questionable. We used a deep learning model based on the ResNet-101 convolutional neural network architecture, which was pretrained to recognize objects from a million of images and then retrained to detect abnormality in chest X-ray images. With the recent opacity-related finding as an important characteristic in COVID-19 patients, this research is aimed at developing a deep learning model for the prediction of COVID-19 cases based on an existing pretrained model which was then retrained using adjudicated data set to recognize images with airspace opacity, an abnormality associated with COVID-19. abstract: The key component in deep learning research is the availability of training data sets. With a limited number of publicly available COVID-19 chest X-ray images, the generalization and robustness of deep learning models to detect COVID-19 cases developed based on these images are questionable. We aimed to use thousands of readily available chest radiograph images with clinical findings associated with COVID-19 as a training data set, mutually exclusive from the images with confirmed COVID-19 cases, which will be used as the testing data set. We used a deep learning model based on the ResNet-101 convolutional neural network architecture, which was pretrained to recognize objects from a million of images and then retrained to detect abnormality in chest X-ray images. The performance of the model in terms of area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy was 0.82, 77.3%, 71.8%, and 71.9%, respectively. The strength of this study lies in the use of labels that have a strong clinical association with COVID-19 cases and the use of mutually exclusive publicly available data for training, validation, and testing. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8828855 doi: 10.1155/2020/8828855 id: cord-350990-tywbe4o2 author: Checchi, Vittorio title: COVID‐19 dentistry‐related aspects: a literature overview date: 2020-07-05 words: 3715.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350990-tywbe4o2.txt summary: The terms used for the identification of keywords were: COVID-19, 2019-nCov, Sars-CoV-2, COVID-19 transmission, Coronavirus pneumonia, Coronavirus infection, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Atmospheric contamination, Droplets, Aerosol, PPE/DPI, COVID-19 guidelines, Airborne contamination, Masks and respirators, and COVID-19 dental-related aspects. Therefore, dental procedures can be considered as one of the most probable causes of Sars-CoV-2 infection because such procedures require close proximity to the patient''s mouth, possess a risk of contact with saliva, blood and other biological fluids and involve the use of instrumentation that creates large aerosols 4, 19, 20 . Moreover Sars-CoV-2 demonstrates persistent adherence, for a maximum of 9 days, to various surfaces 1, 21 ; therefore, all surfaces and instruments in a dental clinic should be considered as potential sources of virus transmission because infected droplets from saliva or aerosols could land on any exposed surface 16, 19, 22 . abstract: A new coronavirus (Sars‐CoV‐2) was detected in China at the end of 2019 and has since caused a worldwide pandemic. This virus is responsible for an acute respiratory syndrome (COVID‐19), distinguished by a potentially lethal interstitial bilateral pneumonia. Because Sars‐CoV‐2 is highly infective through airborne contamination, the high infection risk in the dental environment is a serious problem for both professional practitioners and patients. This literature overview provides a description of the clinical aspects of COVID‐19 and its transmission, while supplying valuable information regarding protection and prevention measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12601 doi: 10.1111/idj.12601 id: cord-267142-ys7z7j8j author: Cheema, Marvi title: Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-02 words: 2462.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267142-ys7z7j8j.txt summary: This case emphasizes the importance of ensuring that first-line health care providers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, emergency physicians, and family physicians, consider COVID-19 on the differential for any patient with recent travel who presents with acute conjunctivitis. At the time of the visits to our clinic (March 3rd and 5th), the patient did not meet provincial health authority recommendations for testing of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on country of travel. 8 Given this, eye care professionals, most notably ophthalmologists, may be the first point of contact in the health care field for patients with possible COVID-19, before the onset of characteristic respiratory symptoms. The case emphasizes the importance for eye care professionals to remain vigilant and consider SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent in patients presenting with viral conjunctivitis, particularly in high-risk patients with travel to areas of active transmission of the virus. abstract: We present a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an initial medical presentation of keratoconjunctivitis, the first such reported case in North America. The patient's primary symptom was a red eye with watery discharge, though she did have mild respiratory symptoms, without fever. She was diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis; evolving corneal findings were characterized through repeat visits to ophthalmology. A conjunctival swab of the affected eye was positive for the SAR-CoV-2 virus. This case emphasizes the importance of ensuring that first-line health care providers, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, emergency physicians, and family physicians, consider COVID-19 on the differential for any patient with recent travel who presents with acute conjunctivitis. Having a high index of suspicion with this presentation would allow for appropriate precautions to be taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0008418220303057 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003 id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 words: 2728.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt summary: Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), while mild in most cases, has nevertheless caused significant mortality. The measures adopted in most countries to contain it have led to colossal social and economic disruptions, which will impact the medium- and long-term health outcomes for many communities. In this paper, we deliberate on the reality and facts surrounding the disease. For comparison, we present data from past pandemics, some of which claimed more lives than COVID-19. Mortality data on road traffic crashes and other non-communicable diseases, which cause more deaths each year than COVID-19 has so far, is also provided. The indirect, serious health and social effects are briefly discussed. We also deliberate on how misinformation, confusion stemming from contrasting expert statements, and lack of international coordination may have influenced the public perception of the illness and increased fear and uncertainty. With pandemics and similar problems likely to re-occur, we call for evidence-based decisions, the restoration of responsible journalism and communication built on a solid scientific foundation. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002216 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002216 id: cord-255752-ofph98ac author: Chegondi, Madhuradhar title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Associated With Febrile Status Epilepticus in a Child date: 2020-08-18 words: 1615.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255752-ofph98ac.txt summary: Infection associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. The emerging literature suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect children, including all age groups, predominantly males, and cause milder disease compared to adult patients [2, 3] . We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. A retrospective study from China reported that common neurological symptoms in adult patients with COVID-19 include headache, dizziness, and rarely seizures [12] . Our index case illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 associated COVID-19 can present with febrile seizure and febrile status epilepticus in children. abstract: Infection associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The emerging literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects children of all age groups. COVID-19 as a cause of febrile seizures and status epilepticus is not yet reported in children. We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented to our pediatric intensive care unit with febrile status epilepticus and was diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. The child recovered fully and was discharged home after three days. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953347/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9840 id: cord-347492-zz3walri author: Chellamuthu, Girinivasan title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics date: 2020-05-29 words: 3134.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347492-zz3walri.txt summary: title: Pandemic response protocol of a non-frontline specialty in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre—a pilot model in orthopaedics PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. The PREP should allow a non-frontline pandemic specialist like an orthopaedician to be alert and trained to evolve as a frontline health care provider, as and when the situation demands, on the lines of development of a pandemic. At this stage, essentially, the orthopaedic surgeons would have to become a part of the pandemic response task force which includes the entire health care workforce. abstract: BACKGROUND: 3,181,642 cases and 224,301 deaths in 212 regions of the world—this is the status of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic as of May 1, 2020. This pandemic has managed to overwhelm the health care system of the most advanced countries in the world. As the whole of the medical fraternity stands robed as health care professionals to fight against COVID-19, specialty emergencies like trauma continue to pester the already overburdened health care community. This situation calls for the need for a pandemic response protocol (PREP) in each specialty that helps the doctors to manage specialty emergencies without chaos and at the same time allowing them to play their part in pandemic management. CONCLUSION: PREP as an integrated pragmatic approach is essential in containing pandemics as they need international cooperation at various levels starting from knowledge sharing to monetary support. PREP which is in line with the WHO action plan, will be an essential minimum response of a non-frontline pandemic response specialty like orthopedics to combat and curtail the effects of a pandemic in a multispecialty tertiary health care centre. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32468203/ doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04622-w id: cord-278112-uqxvr77g author: Chen, Binzhen title: Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID‐19 in China: Knowns and unknowns date: 2020-06-09 words: 2809.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278112-uqxvr77g.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti‐epidemic strategy. The first dose of convalescent plasma from a COVID-19 patient was collected on February 1, 2020, and the first severely ill patient received CCP treatment at a hospital in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province that was first to be hit by the virus, on February 9, 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti‐epidemic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As of May 5, 2020, when the epidemic was well‐controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified. RESULTS: As of May 5, 2020, up to 2,000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID‐19 patients. From donors, 200–400 mL of plasma were collected at each donation, with antibody titers >1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID‐19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P<0.001). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: From initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID‐19. However, there is clearly a need for well‐designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12968 doi: 10.1111/vox.12968 id: cord-277203-14he8n3u author: Chen, Chang title: Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial date: 2020-03-20 words: 1275.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277203-14he8n3u.txt summary: Conclusions Among patients with COVID-19, Favipiravir, compared to Arbidol, did not significantly improve the clinically recovery rate at Day 7. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 doi: medRxiv preprint Sample size estimation: the expected clinical recovery rate of the experimental group is 70%, the clinical recovery of the control group is 50%, α = 0.025 (single side), β = 0.20, power = 0.80. For the main efficacy indicator/primary outcome (clinical recovery rate after 7 days or the end of treatment), the comparison between the experimental group and the control group adopts the optimal test. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 doi: medRxiv preprint Comparison of duration of fever, cough relief time and auxiliary oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation rate between 2 groups Table 3 displayed duration of fever, cough relief time and auxiliary oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation rate between the favipiravir and arbidol groups. abstract: Background No clinically proven effective antiviral strategy exists for the epidemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial involving adult patients with COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive conventional therapy plus Umifenovir (Arbidol) (200mg*3/day) or Favipiravir (1600mg*2/first day followed by 600mg*2/day) for 10 days. The primary outcome was clinical recovery rate of Day 7. Latency to relief for pyrexia and cough, the rate of auxiliary oxygen therapy (AOT) or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NMV) were the secondary outcomes. Safety data were collected for 17 days. Results 240 enrolled COVID-19 patients underwent randomization; 120 patients were assigned to receive Favipiravir (116 assessed), and 120 to receive Arbidol (120 assessed). Clinical recovery rate of Day 7 does not significantly differ between Favipiravir group (71/116) and Arbidol group (62/120) (P=0.1396, difference of recovery rate: 0.0954; 95% CI: -0.0305 to 0.2213). Favipiravir led to shorter latencies to relief for both pyrexia (difference: 1.70 days, P<0.0001) and cough (difference: 1.75 days, P<0.0001). No difference was observed of AOT or NMV rate (both P>0.05). The most frequently observed Favipiravir-associated adverse event was raised serum uric acid (16/116, OR: 5.52, P=0.0014). Conclusions Among patients with COVID-19, Favipiravir, compared to Arbidol, did not significantly improve the clinically recovery rate at Day 7. Favipiravir significantly improved the latency to relief for pyrexia and cough. Adverse effects caused Favipiravir are mild and manageable. This trial is registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000030254). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432 id: cord-344813-dlpn3l0j author: Chen, Cheng‐Ren title: Preparing for COVID‐19: The experiences of a long‐term care facility in Taiwan date: 2020-07-21 words: 1461.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344813-dlpn3l0j.txt summary: 3 Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are high-risk settings for severe outcomes of the COVID-19 outbreak, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents. 4 To prevent large-scale community transmission of COVID-19, Taiwan has taken advanced steps in terms of medical care planning (e.g. border control, identifying cases, quarantining suspicious cases, proactively searching for cases, allocating resources etc.).5 Thus far, just 395 COVID-19 patients have been confirmed, six of whom have died. In this article, we share our experiences regarding how we have responded to COVID-19 in our LTFC based on the management of visitors, residents and healthcare professionals (HCP), as well as government support and policies. 8 Psychosocial interventions are crucial for the elderly people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent stroke and cardiovascular disease. Preparing for COVID-19: The experiences of a long-term care facility in Taiwan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32691923/ doi: 10.1111/ggi.13943 id: cord-346087-oa8k5xwc author: Chen, Dan title: Serum Cystatin C and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Potential Inflammatory Biomarker in Predicting Critical Illness and Mortality for Adult Patients date: 2020-10-08 words: 3629.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346087-oa8k5xwc.txt summary: In the adjusted logistic regression analyses, the highest cystatin C level and ln-transformed cystatin C levels were independently associated with the risks of developing critically ill COVID-19 and all-cause death either in overall patients or in patients without chronic kidney disease (P values < 0.05). The highest cystatin C level (≥1.31 mg/L) was an independent risk factor for critically ill COVID-19 and all-cause death in patients without CKD, after adjustment for the underlying confounders (all P values < 0.05, Table 4 ). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the relationship between baseline levels of cystatin C and COVID-19 outcomes, and to highlight the prognostic values of monitoring serum cystatin C on hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this hospital-based study of 481 adult patients confirmed as COVID-19, we revealed that baseline serum cystatin C might serve as a potential inflammatory biomarker, independently predicting poor outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: This study aimed at determining the relationship between baseline cystatin C levels and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and investigating the potential prognostic value of serum cystatin C in adult patients with COVID-19. 481 patients with COVID-19 were consecutively included in this study from January 2, 2020, and followed up to April 15, 2020. All clinical and laboratory data of COVID-19 patients with definite outcomes were reviewed. For every measure, COVID-19 patients were grouped into quartiles according to the baseline levels of serum cystatin C. The highest cystatin C level was significantly related to more severe inflammatory conditions, worse organ dysfunction, and worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19 (P values < 0.05). In the adjusted logistic regression analyses, the highest cystatin C level and ln-transformed cystatin C levels were independently associated with the risks of developing critically ill COVID-19 and all-cause death either in overall patients or in patients without chronic kidney disease (P values < 0.05). As a potential inflammatory marker, increasing baseline levels of serum cystatin C might independently predict adverse outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Serum cystatin C could be routinely monitored during hospitalization, which showed clinical importance in prognosticating for adult patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061826/ doi: 10.1155/2020/3764515 id: cord-277698-g8sylrsj author: Chen, Dexiong title: Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID‐19 after 14‐day of quarantine period date: 2020-04-08 words: 485.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277698-g8sylrsj.txt summary: However, Lauer et al 9 recently reported that 1% (101 out of every 10 000 cases) of suspected cases or close contacts would develop symptoms of COVID-19 after 14-day of quarantine period. In our study, 4 cases of the family cluster were diagnosed as COVID-19 after they had undergone 14-day of quarantine period. Taken together, we believe that the incubation period of some COVID-19 cases could be longer than 14 days. As a result, the quarantine period of some suspected cases or close contacts could be prolonged to more than 14 days in order to miss diagnosis of COVID-19. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application abstract: Since December, 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has spread to a lot of countries worldwide(1,2). On Jan 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared that the outbreak of COVID‐19 is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On March 11, 2020, the spread of COVID‐19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25849 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25849 id: cord-317846-str9i01o author: Chen, Dr. Xian title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 words: 1108.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt summary: title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects Therefore, diminishing the cytokine storm may be an important part of treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 [4] . On this basis, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the treatment efficacy and side effects of MSCs therapy on severe COVID-19. In our series, all the patients with severe COVID-19 survived and entered recovery after MSCs therapy, and only 3 patients experienced treatment side effects. Firstly, inflammation indexes, such as WBC counts and CRP were totally normal before MSCs therapy in most cases, which means that cytokine storm was mild to moderate and not serious in these cases. In conclusion, we suggested that MSCs therapy might be a promising option for the treatment of severe COVID-19, but should be used cautiously, especially in patients with metabolic acidosis or coronary heart disease. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302954 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.020 id: cord-296746-j47306hx author: Chen, Fang-fang title: The characteristics and outcomes of 681 severe cases with COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-08 words: 2460.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296746-j47306hx.txt summary: Age, Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), acute myocardial injury, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CD3 T cells counts were independently and negatively associated with death, while arbidol and ribavirin were protective from death. Non-survivors had higher hypertension, CAD, and cerebral infarction comorbidity rates (P<0.001), as well as significantly higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NLR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), LDH, creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB), and cTnI levels. We found that NLR (odds ratio (95% CI), 1.057 (1.010-1.107); P=0.018) and acute myocardial injury (7.716 (3.812-15.619); P=0.000) were independently and negatively associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. First, we found that age, CRP and LDH levels, CD3 counts, NLR, and acute myocardial injury were independently and negatively associated with death in severe COVID-19 patients. We found that NLR and acute myocardial injury on admission were the two best predictors of mortality in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS: In this study, we enrolled 681 patients with confirmed cases of severe COVID-19. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: The median age of the study participants was 65 years, 53.2% were male, and 104 (15.3%) died. Age, Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), acute myocardial injury, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CD3 T cells counts were independently and negatively associated with death, while arbidol and ribavirin were protective from death. The combination of NLR and acute myocardial injury on admission (AUC = 0.914) predicted mortality better than NLR, CRP, LDH, and acute myocardial injury. There were 312 (45.8%) patients with cardiovascular disease, of whom 23.4% died. β-blockers, ACEI/ARB, arbidol, and ribavirin might have a beneficial effect for severe COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: The combination of NLR and acute myocardial injury on admission was highly predictive of mortality and survival. Clinicians should adopt more aggressive strategies for patients with a high NLR (>6.66) combined with myocardial injury. β-blockers and ACEI/ARB, as well as arbidol and ribavirin, were effective in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120306043?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.003 id: cord-282131-wap7lo05 author: Chen, Haixia title: Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 3377.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt summary: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019, the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 5)" [6] recommended that suspected cases with pulmonary imaging characteristics be included for the first time in "clinical diagnosis" in Hubei Province. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 4)" stipulates that [22] JRID198_proof ■ 26 April 2020 ■ 3/ 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 a patient who meets any one of the epidemiological history criteria and any two of the clinical manifestations can be included in suspected cases, and that an etiological test then be conducted. abstract: Since December 2019, multiple cases of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported in Wuhan in China's Hubei Province, a disease which has subsequently spread rapidly across the entire country. Highly infectious, COVID-19 has numerous transmission channels and humans are highly susceptible to infection. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Laboratory examination in the early stage of the disease shows a normal or decreased white blood cell count, and a decreased lymphocyte count. While CT examination serves as the screening and diagnostic basis for COVID-19, its accuracy is limited. The nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but has a low sensitivity is low. There is clearly a divide between the two means of examination. This paper reviews the published literature, guidelines and consensus, and summarizes the clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19, in order to provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis and treatment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352621120300346 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.003 id: cord-279134-s6c7m94h author: Chen, Haiyang title: When cancer encounters COVID-19 in China: what have we suffered, experienced and learned date: 2020-05-16 words: 4361.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279134-s6c7m94h.txt summary: Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the relevant experience of China in the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and treatment of patients with cancer during the epidemic. The delay of surgery because of COVID-19 epidemic may significantly affect the prognosis of patients with early stage lung cancer. It''s reported that a patient with NSCLC was treated with Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) and osimertinib at the same time after the diagnosis of mild COVID-19 infection; 2 weeks after Kaletra treatment, pneumonia was cured and the tumor remained stable (23) . In the early stage of the epidemic, cross-infection in hospital is one of the most risk for patients and medical workers, so it is very important to screen COVID-19 patients as soon as admission of patients for cancer hospitals. abstract: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 21 March 2020, this epidemic has spread to 179 countries with more than 200 000 confirmed cases and 8578 deaths. The outbreak has put enormous pressure on the medical establishment and even led to exhaustion of medical resources in the most affected areas. Other medical work has been significantly affected in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. In order to reduce or avoid cross-infection with COVID-19, many hospitals have taken measures to limit the number of outpatient visits and inpatients. For example, emergency surgery can only be guaranteed, and most other surgeries can be postponed. Patients with cancer are one of the groups most affected by the epidemic because of their systematic immunosuppressive state and requirement of frequent admission to hospital. Consequently, specific adjustments for their treatment need to be made to cope with this situation. Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the relevant experience of China in the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection and treatment of patients with cancer during the epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaa077 doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa077 id: cord-288197-drto66xt author: Chen, Huijun title: Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records date: 2020-02-12 words: 3927.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288197-drto66xt.txt summary: METHODS: Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in amniotic fluid, cord blood, breastmilk, and neonatal throat swab samples from six of nine patients. Based on data from this small group of patients, there is currently no evidence of vertical transmission in pregnant women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in the third trimester. abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation. FINDINGS: All nine patients had a caesarean section in their third trimester. Seven patients presented with a fever. Other symptoms, including cough (in four of nine patients), myalgia (in three), sore throat (in two), and malaise (in two), were also observed. Fetal distress was monitored in two cases. Five of nine patients had lymphopenia (<1·0 × 10⁹ cells per L). Three patients had increased aminotransferase concentrations. None of the patients developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died, as of Feb 4, 2020. Nine livebirths were recorded. No neonatal asphyxia was observed in newborn babies. All nine livebirths had a 1-min Apgar score of 8–9 and a 5-min Apgar score of 9–10. Amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples from six patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all samples tested negative for the virus. INTERPRETATION: The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant adult patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. FUNDING: Hubei Science and Technology Plan, Wuhan University Medical Development Plan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32151335/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30360-3 id: cord-167889-um3djluz author: Chen, Jianguo title: A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Against COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 words: 12248.0 sentences: 768.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-167889-um3djluz.txt summary: The progress of CT image inspection based on AI usually includes the following steps: Region Of Interest (ROI) segmentation, lung tissue feature extraction, candidate infection region detection, and COVID-19 classification. Data sources Methods Country/region Huang [82] Yang [231] , WHO [216] CNN, LSTM, MLP, GRU China Hu [80, 81] The Paper [148] , WHO [216] MAE, clustering China Yang [233] Baidu [16] SEIR, LSTM China Fong [51, 52] NHC [139] SVM, PNN China Ai [3] WHO [54, 216] ANFIS, FPA China, USA Rizk [168] WHO [216] ISACL-MFNN USA, Italy, Spain Giuliani [62] Italy [144] EMTMGL Italy Ayyoubzadeh [14] Worldometer [218] , Google [201] LR, LSTM Iran Marini [129, 130] Swiss population Enerpol Switzerland Lai [110] IATA [126] , Worldpop [219] ML Global Punn [155] JHU CSSE [49] SVR, PR, DNN, LSTM, RNN Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (sars-cov-2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly worldwide, leading to a global outbreak. Most governments, enterprises, and scientific research institutions are participating in the COVID-19 struggle to curb the spread of the pandemic. As a powerful tool against COVID-19, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are widely used in combating this pandemic. In this survey, we investigate the main scope and contributions of AI in combating COVID-19 from the aspects of disease detection and diagnosis, virology and pathogenesis, drug and vaccine development, and epidemic and transmission prediction. In addition, we summarize the available data and resources that can be used for AI-based COVID-19 research. Finally, the main challenges and potential directions of AI in fighting against COVID-19 are discussed. Currently, AI mainly focuses on medical image inspection, genomics, drug development, and transmission prediction, and thus AI still has great potential in this field. This survey presents medical and AI researchers with a comprehensive view of the existing and potential applications of AI technology in combating COVID-19 with the goal of inspiring researches to continue to maximize the advantages of AI and big data to fight COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02202v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-342852-8wlqbwdi author: Chen, Jie title: Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-10 words: 3991.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342852-8wlqbwdi.txt summary: The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression of healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic and to identify associated risk factors. We found that self-rated increase in workload, having respiratory symptoms, having digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression. Multiple factors, including having respiratory or digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, self-reported increase in work intensity, negative coping style, and job burnout, participate in the anxiety or depression of healthcare workers. abstract: PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the status of depression and anxiety of healthcare workers and to explore the risk factors during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed using convenience sampling to obtain a sample of healthcare workers. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information of the basic characteristics, workload, and the health condition. Burnout, coping style, anxiety, and depression were measured by specific scales. Multiple logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety or depression. RESULTS: There were 902 questionnaires received between February 9, 2020 and February 11, 2020. The proportion of healthcare workers with symptoms of moderate/severe anxiety and moderate/severe depression were 16.63% and 18.29%, respectively. There were 24.50% healthcare workers experiencing moderate/severe anxiety and depression at the same time. The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. CONCLUSION: More attention should be paid to the mental health of frontline healthcare workers at the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Taking steps to reduce the intensity of the work and burnout will be effective to stabilize the mental state of them. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32914298/ doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1 id: cord-318342-eipscagh author: Chen, Juan title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-05 words: 3598.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318342-eipscagh.txt summary: Results: Three studies reported blood glucose and HbA1c according to the severity of COVID-19 and were included in this meta-analysis. It remains unclear regarding the effect of severity of COVID-19 infection on glycemic parameters, including blood glucose and glycated haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c). Finally, three papers were included in the meta-analysis that evaluated blood glucose and/or HbA1c levels according to the severity of COVID-19 (17) (18) (19) . The z-test result for overall effects was statistically significant (P < 0.001), indicating a significantly greater elevation in blood glucose in patients with severe COVID-19 infection than those in the mild group. In the present meta-analysis, we found that blood glucose was significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than those with mild COVID-19 (WMD 2.21, 95% CI: 1.30-3.13, P < 0.001, I 2 = 0%). abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is considered a common comorbidity of COVID-19, which has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory symptoms and even death. However, the impact of COVID-19 on blood glucose has not been fully understood. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize available data on the association between glycemic parameters and severity of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from December 1, 2019 to May 15, 2020. Observational studies investigating blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) according to the severity of COVID-19 were considered for inclusion. Two independent researchers extracted data from eligible studies using a standardized data extraction sheet and then proceeded to cross check the results. Data were pooled using a fixed- or random-effects model to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Three studies reported blood glucose and HbA1c according to the severity of COVID-19 and were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that severe COVID-19 was associated with higher blood glucose (WMD 2.21, 95% CI: 1.30–3.13, P < 0.001). In addition, HbA1c was slightly higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than those with mild COVID-19, yet this difference did not reach significance (WMD 0.29, 95% CI: −0.59 to 1.16, P = 0.52). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence that severe COVID-19 is associated with increased blood glucose. This highlights the need to effectively monitor blood glucose to improve prognosis in patients infected with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.574541 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.574541 id: cord-262467-epqqd8n8 author: Chen, Jun title: COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives date: 2020-06-08 words: 7596.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 disease as originally shown in Wuhan, China, as early as documented from 1 December 2019 (ref. A recent prospective study failed to find antiviral activity or clinical benefit of this combination for the treatment of our hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 (ref. More recently, a randomized, controlled study conducted in Wuhan, China also failed to identify beneficial effect of LPV/r beyond standard therapy in hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 (ref. Clinical trials also showed that in patients with severe H1N1 influenza A, in the 2009 pandemic, therapy with convalescent plasma from patients who recovered, especially within 5 days of symptom onset, resulted in a lower viral load and lower mortality 66, 67 . The duration from onset of symptoms to viral clearance is significantly longer in severe and critical ill SARS-CoV-2infected patients compared with that in the mild cases 48 . abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its first report in December 2019, despite great efforts made in almost every country worldwide, this disease continues to spread globally, especially in most parts of Europe, Iran, and the United States. Here, we update the recent understanding in clinical characteristics, diagnosis strategies, as well as clinical management of COVID-19 in China as compared to Italy, with the purpose to integrate the China experience with the global efforts to outline references for prevention, basic research, treatment as well as final control of the disease. Being the first two countries we feel appropriate to evaluate the evolution of the disease as well as the early result of the treatment, in order to offer a different baseline to other countries. It is also interesting to compare two countries, with a very significant difference in population, where the morbidity and mortality has been so different, and unrelated to the size of the country. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513951/ doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2603-0 id: cord-346483-jc0xklzk author: Chen, Jun title: Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography date: 2020-11-05 words: 3723.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346483-jc0xklzk.txt summary: For model development and validation, 46,096 anonymous images from 106 admitted patients, including 51 patients of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 55 control patients of other diseases in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected. Fig. 1 , a total of 46,096 CT scan images from 51 COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 55 control patients of other disease from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected for developing the model to detect COVID-19 pneumonia. However, compared to the needs of the patients, the number of radiologists is quite small, especially in Hubei province, China, which could greatly delay the diagnosis and isolation of patients, affect patient''s treatment and prognosis, and ultimately, affect the overall control of COVID-19 epidemic. In the present study, our model helped expert radiologists achieve the same work with much shorter time, which greatly accelerats the efficiency of diagnosis in clinical practice, and may contribute to the improvement of patient outcome. abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging method for diagnosing 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID19) pneumonia. We aimed to construct a system based on deep learning for detecting COVID-19 pneumonia on high resolution CT. For model development and validation, 46,096 anonymous images from 106 admitted patients, including 51 patients of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 55 control patients of other diseases in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively collected. Twenty-seven prospective consecutive patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected to evaluate the efficiency of radiologists against 2019-CoV pneumonia with that of the model. An external test was conducted in Qianjiang Central Hospital to estimate the system’s robustness. The model achieved a per-patient accuracy of 95.24% and a per-image accuracy of 98.85% in internal retrospective dataset. For 27 internal prospective patients, the system achieved a comparable performance to that of expert radiologist. In external dataset, it achieved an accuracy of 96%. With the assistance of the model, the reading time of radiologists was greatly decreased by 65%. The deep learning model showed a comparable performance with expert radiologist, and greatly improved the efficiency of radiologists in clinical practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154542/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76282-0 id: cord-264843-cwtdkylo author: Chen, Justin A. title: COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future date: 2020-07-09 words: 4033.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264843-cwtdkylo.txt summary: Within psychiatry, a sudden relaxing of insurance and regulatory barriers during the month of March 2020 enabled clinicians practicing in a wide range of settings to quickly adopt virtual care in order to provide critical ongoing mental health supports to both existing and new patients struggling with the pandemic''s impact. In this article, we briefly review the extensive literature supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry relative to in-person mental health care, and describe how payment and regulatory challenges were the primary barriers preventing more widespread adoption of this treatment modality prior to COVID-19. Finally, we provide clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiatry based on our experience, make a call for advocacy to continue the reduced insurance and regulatory restrictions affecting telepsychiatry even once this public health crisis has passed, and pose research questions that can help guide optimal utilization of telepsychiatry as mainstay or adjunct of outpatient psychiatric treatment now and in the future. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically transformed the U.S. healthcare landscape. Within psychiatry, a sudden relaxing of insurance and regulatory barriers during the month of March 2020 enabled clinicians practicing in a wide range of settings to quickly adopt virtual care in order to provide critical ongoing mental health supports to both existing and new patients struggling with the pandemic's impact. In this article, we briefly review the extensive literature supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry relative to in-person mental health care, and describe how payment and regulatory challenges were the primary barriers preventing more widespread adoption of this treatment modality prior to COVID-19. We then review key changes that were implemented at the federal, state, professional, and insurance levels over a one-month period that helped usher in an unprecedented transformation in psychiatric care delivery, from mostly in-person to mostly virtual. Early quality improvement data regarding virtual visit volumes and clinical insights from our outpatient psychiatry department located within a large, urban, tertiary care academic medical center reflect both the opportunities and challenges of virtual care for patients and providers. Finally, we provide clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiatry based on our experience, make a call for advocacy to continue the reduced insurance and regulatory restrictions affecting telepsychiatry even once this public health crisis has passed, and pose research questions that can help guide optimal utilization of telepsychiatry as mainstay or adjunct of outpatient psychiatric treatment now and in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.002 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.002 id: cord-318592-08mjfs83 author: Chen, L. title: Clinical Characteristics of Recurrent-positive Coronavirus Disease 2019 after Curative Discharge: a retrospective analysis of 15 cases in Wuhan China date: 2020-07-04 words: 3108.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318592-08mjfs83.txt summary: Serum COVID-19 antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive patients than in control patients (IgM: 13.69 {+/-} 4.38 vs. COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive group than those in control group, which might explain why the virus RNA RT-PCR was positive after the initial clinical cure(with three times of virus RNA RT-PCR negative). Recurrent-positive COVID-19 was defined as positive results on RT-PCR testing of a nasopharyngeal swab collected during the post-discharge isolation and observation period. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.20144873 doi: medRxiv preprint Serum samples were tested using the COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibody detection kits (chemiluminescence method) were purchased from Shenzhen Yahuilong Biotechnology Co. Ltd. In addition, the levels of COVID-19 IgG and IgM antibodies were significantly lower (P < 0.0001, P = 0.015, respectively) in the recurrent-positive group than in the control group (Table 2) . For the 14 recurrent-positive patients who were transferred from other hospitals after being discharged, no COVID-19 IgG and IgM data were available. abstract: In China, the patients with previously negative RT-PCR results again test positive during the post-discharge isolation period. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of these recurrent-positive patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 15 recurrent-positive patients and 107 control patients with non-recurrent, moderate COVID-19 treated in Wuhan, China. Clinical data and laboratory results were comparatively analyzed. We found that recurrent-positive patients had moderate disease. The rate of recurrent-positive disease in our hospital was 1.87%. Recurrent-positive patients were significantly younger (43(35-54) years) than control patients (60(43-69) years) (P=0.011). The early LOS (length of stay in hospital before recurrence) was significantly longer in recurrent-positive patients (36(34-45) days) than in control patients (15(7-30) days) (P =0.001). The time required for the first conversion of RT-PCR results from positive to negative was significantly longer in recurrent-positive patients (14(10-17) days) than in control patients (6(3-9) days) (P =0.011). Serum COVID-19 antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive patients than in control patients (IgM: 13.69 {+/-} 4.38 vs. 68.10 {+/-} 20.85 AU/mL, P = 0.015; IgG: 78.53 {+/-} 9.30 vs. 147.85 {+/-} 13.33 AU/mL, P < 0.0001). Recurrent-positive patients were younger than control patients. The early LOS (length of stay in hospital before recurrence) was significantly longer in recurrent-positive group than that in control group. COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in recurrent-positive group than those in control group, which might explain why the virus RNA RT-PCR was positive after the initial clinical cure(with three times of virus RNA RT-PCR negative). The virus might not be fully eliminated because of the lower IgG level and their later replicating might result in recurrent-positive virus RNA RT-PCR. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.02.20144873v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20144873 id: cord-318378-omsc9a8k author: Chen, Lian title: Pregnancy with Covid‐19: Management considerations for care of severe and critically ill cases date: 2020-07-04 words: 3229.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318378-omsc9a8k.txt summary: 7 Gestational weeks of infection, the maturity of the fetus, disease severity and postpartum exacerbation make the management of severe and critically ill cases of pregnant women with Covid-19 more difficult. 14 In a recently published article from New York City, 15 Breslin et al reported that among 43 pregnant women confirmed with Covid-19, the estimated rate of severe maternal disease approximated that of the non-pregnant population at 9.3%. Another report from Iran 17 still described 9 critically ill patients infected with Covid-19, of which 7 cases of maternal deaths and 4 cases of pregnancy loss (stillbirth or neonatal death). Based on the above limited reports, we learned that for some severe cases, after the onset of disease, they may progress to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care, even result in maternal death within a very short time (1 to 2 weeks). abstract: Pregnant women are a potentially highly vulnerable population due to anatomical, physiological and immunological changes under the Covid‐19 pandemic. Issues related to pregnancy with Covid‐19 attracted widespread attention from researchers. A large number of articles were published aiming to elaborate clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women infected with Covid‐19, in order to provide evidence for management. The existing data suggest that the overall prognosis of pregnancy with Covid‐19 is promising when compared with that of other previous coronaviruses. There is still maternal morbidity and mortality related to Covid‐19 reported. However, the optimal management of severe and critically ill cases of Covid‐19‐infected‐pregnancy is poorly clarified. The possibility of postpartum exacerbation in pregnancy with Covid‐19 is also worthy of attention for obstetricians. This review makes further elaboration of the above issues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623810/ doi: 10.1111/aji.13299 id: cord-172814-rywu0xp5 author: Chen, M. Keith title: Causal Estimation of Stay-at-Home Orders on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-05-11 words: 3790.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-172814-rywu0xp5.txt summary: To mitigate the severity of the ongoing COVID pandemic, governments have launched a range of social distancing policies including, by early April, mandatory stay-at-home orders (SHOs) in forty-five U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Utilizing device-level geolocation data for 10 million U.S. smartphones to measure individual movement, combined with precinct-level election outcomes and block-group level demographics, we estimate the causal effect of SHOs on daily movement-and what drives non-compliance. Examining correlations between aggregate distancing behavior and political make-up can misestimate partisan responses to stay-at-home orders because Democrat-leaning counties account for the overwhelming majority of COVID cases, at all phases of the epidemic (Fig. S5 ). By regressing new COVID diagnoses on observed daily (lagged) movement, we estimate that for every 10% decrease in meters traveled by residents, the local transmission rate decreases by 4.3% (column 3). Regression 2 then estimates the effect of movement on local transmission (i.e., within an infected individual''s county) controlling for any social distancing policies. abstract: Accurately estimating the effectiveness of stay-at-home orders (SHOs) on reducing social contact and disease spread is crucial for mitigating pandemics. Leveraging individual-level location data for 10 million smartphones, we observe that by April 30th---when nine in ten Americans were under a SHO---daily movement had fallen 70% from pre-COVID levels. One-quarter of this decline is causally attributable to SHOs, with wide demographic differences in compliance, most notably by political affiliation. Likely Trump voters reduce movement by 9% following a local SHO, compared to a 21% reduction among their Clinton-voting neighbors, who face similar exposure risks and identical government orders. Linking social distancing behavior with an epidemic model, we estimate that reductions in movement have causally reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates by 49%. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05469v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-289496-d8ac6l6o author: Chen, Min title: The introduction of population migration to SEIAR for COVID-19 epidemic modelling with an efficient intervention strategy date: 2020-08-06 words: 4222.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289496-d8ac6l6o.txt summary: The proposed enhanced model, which will be referred to as the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model with population migration, is inspired by the role that asymptomatic infected individuals, as well as population movements can play a crucial role in spreading the virus. The experimental simulation results show the impact of social distancing and migration-in rates on reducing the total number of infections and the basic reproductions. Thus, in this paper, we incorporate asymptomatic infections and population migration into SEIR and introduce a new model, which will be referred to as the SEIAR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Asymptomatic-Recovered) model with population migration. • By establishing a mathematical model of an infectious disease based on the characteristics of COVID-19 (such as the effect of asymptomatic infected patients in spreading the virus), the applicability of the modified model is proved. Currently, based on a simple mathematical model and limited data, Zhong et al., [7] used the epidemic data of in Wuhan (at the initial stage) to estimate the infection rate, mortality, and other parameters. abstract: In this paper, we present a mathematical model of an infectious disease according to the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed enhanced model, which will be referred to as the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model with population migration, is inspired by the role that asymptomatic infected individuals, as well as population movements can play a crucial role in spreading the virus. In the model, the infected and the basic reproduction numbers are compared under the influence of intervention policies. The experimental simulation results show the impact of social distancing and migration-in rates on reducing the total number of infections and the basic reproductions. And then, the importance of controlling the number of migration-in people and the policy of restricting residents’ movements in preventing the spread of COVID-19 pandemic is verfied. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566253520303304?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2020.08.002 id: cord-332145-rw16o02g author: Chen, Patrick M. title: Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-29 words: 2963.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332145-rw16o02g.txt summary: The pandemic changed the assumptions made by most developed health care system: ample supplies and an overwhelmingly safe environment for patients and healthcare providers. One key lesson from the COVID-19 experience internationally is the rapid depletion and scarcity of medical supplies [e.g., personal protective equipment (PPE) and mechanical ventilators], beds, and staff-an increasing occupational hazard for health care workers (2) (3) (4) . Similarly little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of our team members who face a number of stresses: occupational risk, evolving policy changes, and unprecedented ethical decisions. A key question remains of how we will prepare for the return of neurologic patients with delayed diagnosis because of COVID-19. Currently, the risk of exposure to COVID-19 in the hospital leads providers and patients to prefer outpatient workup, forgoing, or curtailing inpatient monitoring. Acute stroke care in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00578 id: cord-354689-dsv63it1 author: Chen, Qian title: Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-04 words: 3539.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354689-dsv63it1.txt summary: title: Precautionary Measures: Performing ERCP on a Patient With Juxtapapillary Duodenal Diverticula (JPDD)-Related Biliary Stone After COVID-19 Lockdown Restriction Lifted in Wuhan, China Based on our experiences, the objective is to provide practical suggestions for the safe resumption of ERCP procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on patient risk assessment, personal protection equipment (PPE), and dress code modalities, all of which have been implemented in our hospital to reduce the risk of viral transmission. For patients with predicted severe acute biliary pancreatitis, whether or not cholangitis is present, urgent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) within 72 h of admission has been recommended by several guidelines, as fewer complications tend to develop (11) (12) (13) (14) . Here we presented the first case of acute pancreatitis secondary to JPDD related CBD stone at the post-outbreak stage of which COVID-19 is on the way to be fully controlled, whereas urgent ERCP was necessary to significantly improve the patient''s outcomes. abstract: On April 8, 2020, after nearly 3 months of battling against the outbreak of COVID-19, Wuhan, where the pandemic began, began easing lockdown restrictions. However, given that asymptomatic carriers could continue to lead to transmission of COVID-19 during the very early stages, the endoscopists have taken precautions and conduct risk assessments to perform endoscopic intervention in this transition stage. Here, we have reported an urgent ERCP in a patient with acute pancreatitis secondary to JPDD-related biliary stone. Based on our experiences, the objective is to provide practical suggestions for the safe resumption of ERCP procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on patient risk assessment, personal protection equipment (PPE), and dress code modalities, all of which have been implemented in our hospital to reduce the risk of viral transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015107/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00564 id: cord-257870-b52k75m4 author: Chen, Qianqian title: Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A Potential Biomarker to Evaluate the Severity and Prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 3851.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257870-b52k75m4.txt summary: The standardized and weighted receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis adjusted to age, sex, and ferritin levels suggested that the area under the curve (AUC) of the serum CEA levels was 0.808 in discrimination between death cases and discharged cases with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Among discharged patients, CEA levels were significant lower in moderate cases compared to the severe and critical cases (P = 0.005; OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.294–0.808) from binary logistic regression analysis. All patients included met the following inclusion criteria: Confirmed COVID-19 cases was diagnosed by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)" published by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (20) . This study validated the previous result that CEA levels were related to severity of COVID-19 reported by different research groups (Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Wuhan) (19) . abstract: Background and Objectives: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious pandemic disease worldwide. Identification of biomarkers to predict severity and prognosis is urgently needed for early medical intervention due to high mortality of critical cases with COVID-19. This retrospective study aimed to indicate the values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Methods: We included 46 death cases from intensive care unit and 68 discharged cases from ordinary units with confirmed COVID-19 of Wuhan Jin Yin-tan Hospital from January 1 to March 22, 2020. Laboratory and radiologic data were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were followed up until April 10, 2020. Results: COVID-19 patients in the death group had significantly higher CEA levels (ng/ml) than discharged group (14.80 ± 14.20 vs. 3.80 ± 2.43, P < 0.001). The risk of COVID-19 death increased 1.317 times for each additional 1 ng/ml CEA level (OR = 1.317, 95% CI: 1.099–1.579). The standardized and weighted receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis adjusted to age, sex, and ferritin levels suggested that the area under the curve (AUC) of the serum CEA levels was 0.808 in discrimination between death cases and discharged cases with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). We found mortality of COVID-19 is associated with elevated CEA levels increased (HR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.005–1.042), as well as age (HR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.016–1.086) and ferritin levels (HR = 1.001, 95% CI: 1.001–1.002) by survival analysis of Cox regression model. Among discharged patients, CEA levels were significant lower in moderate cases compared to the severe and critical cases (P = 0.005; OR = 0.488, 95% CI: 0.294–0.808) from binary logistic regression analysis. The AUC of CEA levels was 0.79 in distinguishing moderate cases from discharged COVID-19 patients by standardized and weighted ROC analysis (P < 0.001). A positive correlation between CEA levels and CT scores existed in discharged patients (Correlation Coefficient: 0.687; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Elevated CEA levels increased the risk of death from COVID-19 and CEA levels were related to CT scores of the discharged patients positively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123542/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.579543 id: cord-272778-aixiioii author: Chen, Qingqing title: Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China date: 2020-04-28 words: 3021.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272778-aixiioii.txt summary: We recorded demographic data including age and gender, the clinical data including underlying diseases, medical history, exposure history, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, and treatment measures (ie, antiviral therapy, corticosteroid therapy, respiratory support), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, MuLBSTA score, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, epidemiological, and outcomes data. For severely and non-severely ill patients, refer to Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (version 7) [19] issued by of National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. Last, we took reference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2 (version 7) [19] issued by of National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, to define the severity of COVID-19, so its applicability may be limited. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Taizhou, China. METHODS: A single center retrospective observational study was performed between Jan 1, 2020 and Mar 11, 2020 at Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Zhejiang, China. All patients with confirmed Corona Virus Disease 2019 were enrolled, and their clinical data were gathered by reviewing electronic medical records. Outcomes of severely ill patients and non-severely ill patients were compared. RESULTS: Of 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the average age was 47.5 years old (standard deviation, 14.6) and 54.5% were men. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (15.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (9.7%). Common symptoms included dry cough (81.4%), fever (75.2%), anorexia (42.8%), fatigue (40.7%), chest tightness (32.4%), diarrhea (26.9%) and dizziness (20%). According to imaging examination, 79.3% patients showed bilateral pneumonia, 18.6% showed unilateral pneumonia, 61.4% showed ground-glass opacity, and 2.1% showed no abnormal result. Compared with non-severely ill patients, severely ill patients were older (mean, years, 52.8 vs. 45.3, p < 0.01), had a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (16.3% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.08), had a higher body mass index (mean, 24.78 vs. 23.20, p = 0.02) and were more likely to have fever (90.7% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.01), anorexia (60.5% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.01), chest tightness (60.5% vs.20.6%, p < 0.01) and dyspnea (7.0% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). Of the 43 severely ill patients, 6 (14%) received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, and 1 (2.3%) received invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients or patients with comorbidities such as obesity or diabetes mellitus were more likely to have severe condition. Treatments of COVID-19 is still experimental and more clinical trials are needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5 doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5 id: cord-354270-445lhfdc author: Chen, Rong-ning title: Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey date: 2020-08-15 words: 4420.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354270-445lhfdc.txt summary: title: Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey A recent study on the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese college students suggested that the COVID-19-related stressors (included effects on daily-life, and academic delays) were positively associated with the level of anxiety symptoms, indicating that the mental health of college students could be affected by public health emergencies [24] . In this study, we supplemented the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students and explored potential influencing factors. A study surveyed immediate psychological responses among Chinese general population by using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), showing that 4.3% respondents were considered to suffer from severe and extremely severe depressive symptoms (DASS-21≥21) in the initial outbreak of the pandemic (from January 31 to February 2, 2020) [6] . abstract: • 7.7% of college students showed depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. • College students with depressive symptoms had low regulatory emotional self-efficacy. • Browsing COVID-19 information over 3 h per day was related to depressive symptoms. • Unfavorable living rhythms were associated with depressive symptoms. • Pay attention to college students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32862063/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110219 id: cord-304603-u7cph27q author: Chen, Shi title: Capped borrower credit risk and insurer hedging during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 words: 1712.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304603-u7cph27q.txt summary: We model the features capped by the explicit treatment of the borrowing firm''s credit risk, the optimal guaranteed rate-setting, and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The features of the model include the capped credit risk from the borrowing firm, the premature risk structure captured by the barrier call, the imperfect competition reflected by the optimal guaranteed rate determination, and the COVID-19 outbreak expressed by the structural break in volatility. We complement the literature of the asset-liability matching management by taking into account the explicit treatment of the borrowing firm''s capped credit risk to evaluate the equity of the insurer. We suggest that the capped down-and-out call option model is intimately relevant to the optimal guaranteed rate-setting strategy, policyholder protection, insurer hedging, and the COVID-19 outbreak. In this paper, the down-and-out call option approach (Grosen and Jørgensen, 2002 ) is applied to a life insurer-borrowing firm situation because the recent respectively; however, the policy market is imperfectly competitive, where the insurer is the guaranteed rate-setter (see Polborn, 1998) . abstract: In this paper, we apply the risk-neutral valuation methodology to evaluate a life insurer's equity. We model the features capped by the explicit treatment of the borrowing firm's credit risk, the optimal guaranteed rate-setting, and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The results show that the severe effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on the borrowing firm harms its insurance business but that stringent capital regulation helps. The severe impact of COVID-19 on both the borrowing firm and the insurer hedging harm policyholder protection, thereby adversely affecting insurance stability. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905078/ doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101744 id: cord-311082-sspcz9t6 author: Chen, Shi title: Four Challenges Associated With Current Mathematical Modeling Paradigm of Infectious Diseases and Call for a Shift date: 2020-08-07 words: 1525.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311082-sspcz9t6.txt summary: We identified 4 major challenges associated with the current modeling paradigm (SEIR) that hinder the efforts to accurately characterize the emerging COVID-19 and future epidemics. These challenges included (1) lack of consistent definition of "case"; (2) discrepancy between patient-level clinical insights and population-level modeling efforts; (3) lack of adequate inclusion of individual behavioral and social influence; and (4) allowing little flexibility of including new evidence and insights when our knowledge evolved rapidly during the pandemic. Researchers, clinicians, and public health officials rely on mathematical models to characterize and predict the COVID-19 epidemic, derive critical epidemiological metrics (eg, the basic reproduction number R 0 ), evaluate various intervention strategies, and optimize resource needs [2] . The SEIR modeling paradigm is less practical to handle the complicated clinical, public health, and social system of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Mathematical models are critical tools to characterize COVID-19 dynamics and take action accordingly. We identified 4 major challenges associated with the current modeling paradigm (SEIR) that hinder the efforts to accurately characterize the emerging COVID-19 and future epidemics. These challenges included (1) lack of consistent definition of “case”; (2) discrepancy between patient-level clinical insights and population-level modeling efforts; (3) lack of adequate inclusion of individual behavioral and social influence; and (4) allowing little flexibility of including new evidence and insights when our knowledge evolved rapidly during the pandemic. Therefore, these challenges made the current SEIR modeling paradigm less practical to handle the complex COVID-19 and future pandemics. Novel and more reliable data sources and alternative modeling paradigms are needed to address these issues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32851113/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa333 id: cord-349031-tbof9yqi author: Chen, Shiu-Jau title: Novel Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-08-20 words: 5464.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349031-tbof9yqi.txt summary: Fortunately, some novel antiviral strategies, such as convalescent plasma, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, potentially offer an additional or alternative option or compassionate use for the people suffering from COVID-19, especially for critically ill patients, although their safety and efficacy are also under study. In this review, we explore the applications, possible mechanisms, and efficacy in successful cases using convalescent plasma, CRISPR, and MSC therapy for COVID-19 treatment, respectively. In this case series study of five critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS, the administration of convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies significantly improved their clinical status [53] . Under the condition that traditional drugs cannot assure their safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment, novel antiviral strategies, including convalescent plasma, CRISPR, and cell therapy, may be able to provide an additional or alternative option or compassionate use for the treatment of COVID-19, particular for critically ill patients. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2), is still a global public health problem for humans. It has caused more than 10,000,000 infections and more than 500,000 deaths in the world so far. Many scientists have tried their best to discover safe and effective drugs for the treatment of this disease; however, there are still no approved standard therapeutics or effective antiviral drugs on the market. Many new drugs are being developed, and several traditional drugs that were originally indicated or proposed for other diseases are likely to be effective in treating COVID-19, but their safety and efficacy are controversial, under study, or in clinical trial phases. Fortunately, some novel antiviral strategies, such as convalescent plasma, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, potentially offer an additional or alternative option or compassionate use for the people suffering from COVID-19, especially for critically ill patients, although their safety and efficacy are also under study. In this review, we explore the applications, possible mechanisms, and efficacy in successful cases using convalescent plasma, CRISPR, and MSC therapy for COVID-19 treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the perspectives and limitations of these novel antiviral strategies are evaluated. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091259 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091259 id: cord-256723-2eab6g7i author: Chen, Taige title: Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 343.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256723-2eab6g7i.txt summary: authors: Chen, Taige; Lu, Xiaofan; Wang, Yang; Wang, Jun title: Lessons from a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 COVID-19 patients with preexisting diseases are at high risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reported a case of a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 who improved but turned worse rapidly and died in septic shock. To our knowledge, patient with COVID-19 complicated with SSA is quite rare, 65 and this case report reminds us that atypical or even asymptomatic manifestations of The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, 126 management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or 127 approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication Authors'' Contributions Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data Clinical course and outcomes of 344 intensive care 147 patients with COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19 patients with preexisting diseases are at high risk of worse clinical outcomes. There is little data about patients with different comorbidities and how to deal with them. We reported a case of a patient with severe aplastic anemia complicated with COVID-19 who improved but turned worse rapidly and died in septic shock. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.07.007 id: cord-336252-e92omqyr author: Chen, Tracy Yixin title: COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management date: 2020-07-06 words: 1883.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336252-e92omqyr.txt summary: Over the course of follow‐up, 23 have been discharged home with a functioning allograft and in stable condition; 4 experienced acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy; 7 patients were intubated, and 6 expired. CONCLUSION: Our findings described the characteristics and outcomes of this highly fatal illness in a multi‐ethnic kidney transplant cohort, with insights on immunosuppression management that could further our understanding of this unique disease in immunocompromised populations. 5 A brief correspondence on kidney transplant recipients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia reported 35% mortality rate, withholding only antimetabolites primarily. Similarly, our results have shown that while all patients were taking immunosuppression prior to admission, their COVID infections uniformly advanced to moderate-to-severe disease with confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia, while seven of the 30 patients required intubation and 20% died, cautioning the use of immunosuppression especially during the earlier phase of infection when viral suppression by the immune system is key to halt disease progression. COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease of 2019, also known as COVID‐19, has been declared a global pandemic. Significant controversies exist regarding treatment modalities for this novel disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Experience with management of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients is scarce; effects of this virus on immunosuppressed individuals are not well understood. METHODS: We identified 30 renal transplant recipients with confirmed COVID‐19 pneumonia who were admitted to inpatient between March 2020 and April 2020. All patients received a 5‐day course of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin; half of the patients received methylprednisolone. During hospitalization, calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites were held; prednisone was continued. RESULTS: Clinical presentation of flu‐like symptoms was similar to those in the general population. Hyponatremia, lymphopenia, acute kidney injury, and elevated inflammatory markers were common. Over the course of follow‐up, 23 have been discharged home with a functioning allograft and in stable condition; 4 experienced acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy; 7 patients were intubated, and 6 expired. The mortality rate in our cohort was 20%. CONCLUSION: Our findings described the characteristics and outcomes of this highly fatal illness in a multi‐ethnic kidney transplant cohort, with insights on immunosuppression management that could further our understanding of this unique disease in immunocompromised populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573882/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13378 id: cord-332241-rvvzl6y1 author: Chen, Tz‐Heng title: The advantages of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-16 words: 1042.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332241-rvvzl6y1.txt summary: The mismatch of supply and demand in medical resources worldwide, such as masks and protective gowns, has put healthcare workers and patients at a high risk of exposure to infection. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient HD facilities may have to be triaged to a hospital with isolation wards for dialysis, resulting in a shortage of dialysis machines, dialysates, wards, and healthcare workers. In addition to the need for high volumes of clean dialysate, machines, circuits, and spaces, HD requires a large number of healthcare workers such as physicians, nurses, technicians, and janitors. Low risk of PD solution shortage The need for a large number of healthcare workers, protective equipment, clean water, dialysis machines, which may be lacking in COVID-like pandemic or epidemic High volume peritoneal dialysis vs daily hemodialysis: a randomized, controlled trial in patients with acute kidney injury abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12903 doi: 10.1111/sdi.12903 id: cord-351770-cirq6pfx author: Chen, Wei title: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-13 words: 3771.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351770-cirq6pfx.txt summary: In this study, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 NAb titers in patients recently recovered from COVID-19 using a novel SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) [12] . The distribution of NAb titers in patients with COVID-19 were then plotted based on the variables of age, sex, symptom, laboratory parameters and chest CT findings at the time of admission, treatment during hospitalization and the time of blood collection for antibody analysis (Figure 1 ). Independent variables included in the OLS model included age, sex, CT score, comorbidity, laboratory parameters that associated with disease severity (CRP level and lymphocyte counts), treatment that may influence immune response to pathogen (corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin) and time of blood collection for NAb analysis. In multivariate analyses, after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, corticosteroid treatment, CRP level, lymphocyte count and time of NAb analysis, baseline chest CT scores still strongly correlated with NAb titers in patients recovered from COVID-19 (Table 2 , p=0.02). abstract: Abstract The emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global public health threat. With more and more recovered patients, it is urgently needed for evaluation of the neutralizing antibody (NAb) in these patients. In this study, we collected blood samples from 49 patients recently recovered from COVID-19. Serum NAbs were measured using a novel surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Factors associated with NAb titers were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares regression model. The median age of the study participants was 37 years (IQR, 30.0-54.5) and 55.1% (27/49) of which were male. The median time to blood collection (for NAb analysis) from illness onset, viral clearance and discharge were 43.0 days (IQR, 36.0-50.0), 27.0 days (IQR, 20.5-37) and 17.0 days (IQR, 15.0-33.0), respectively. Patients had a median NAb titer of 1: 40 (IQR, 1:15-1:120). NAbs were not detected in two asymptomatic children who quickly cleared the virus. NAb titers were higher in patients with older age (p = 0.020), symptomatic infection (p = 0.044), more profound lung involvement (p＜0.001), abnormal C-reactive protein level (p＜0.01) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.019). Multivariable analysis revealed that severity of pneumonia and having comorbidity positively correlated with NAb titers in recovered patients (p = 0.02), while use of corticosteroids negatively impacted NAb titers (p = 0.01). Our study suggests that some COVID-19 patients may not have detectable NAb after recovery. SARS-CoV-2 NAb titers are positively correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332220308222?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110629 id: cord-186831-724br56j author: Chen, Xiaocong title: Momentum Contrastive Learning for Few-Shot COVID-19 Diagnosis from Chest CT Images date: 2020-06-16 words: 4248.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-186831-724br56j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-186831-724br56j.txt summary: To this end, we propose a new deep learning algorithm for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19, which only requires a few samples for training. To this end, we propose a new deep learning algorithm for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19, which only requires a few samples for training. Specifically, we use contrastive learning to train an encoder which can capture expressive feature representations on large and publicly available lung datasets and adopt the prototypical network for classification. Specifically, we use contrastive learning to train an encoder which can capture expressive feature representations on large and publicly available lung datasets and adopt the prototypical network for classification. Finally, we utilized two public lung datasets to pre-train an embedding network and employ the prototypical network (Snell et al., 2017) to conduct the few-shot classification, which learns a metric space where the classification can be performed by measuring the distances to the derived prototypical representation of each class. abstract: The current pandemic, caused by the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in December 2019, has led to a global emergency that has significantly impacted economies, healthcare systems and personal wellbeing all around the world. Controlling the rapidly evolving disease requires highly sensitive and specific diagnostics. While real-time RT-PCR is the most commonly used, these can take up to 8 hours, and require significant effort from healthcare professionals. As such, there is a critical need for a quick and automatic diagnostic system. Diagnosis from chest CT images is a promising direction. However, current studies are limited by the lack of sufficient training samples, as acquiring annotated CT images is time-consuming. To this end, we propose a new deep learning algorithm for the automated diagnosis of COVID-19, which only requires a few samples for training. Specifically, we use contrastive learning to train an encoder which can capture expressive feature representations on large and publicly available lung datasets and adopt the prototypical network for classification. We validate the efficacy of the proposed model in comparison with other competing methods on two publicly available and annotated COVID-19 CT datasets. Our results demonstrate the superior performance of our model for the accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 based on chest CT images. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13276v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-323743-hr23ux58 author: Chen, Xiaofeng title: A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study date: 2020-04-16 words: 4064.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323743-hr23ux58.txt summary: title: A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone. • A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. We also develop and validate a model for COVID-19 diagnosis based on radiological semantic and clinical features. In statistical analysis, the chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and t test were utilized to compare the radiological semantic and clinical features between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. In this multi-center study, statistical analysis was performed in comparing imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical during the epidemic. We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of 70 COVID-19 and 66 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively recruited from five institutions. Patients were divided into primary (n = 98) and validation (n = 38) cohorts. The chi-square test, Student’s t test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed, comparing 1745 lesions and 67 features in the two groups. Three models were constructed using radiological semantic and clinical features through multivariate logistic regression. Diagnostic efficacies of developed models were quantified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical usage was evaluated by decision curve analysis and nomogram. RESULTS: Eighteen radiological semantic features and seventeen clinical features were identified to be significantly different. Besides ground-glass opacities (p = 0.032) and consolidation (p = 0.001) in the lung periphery, the lesion size (1–3 cm) is also significant for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (p = 0.027). Lung score presents no significant difference (p = 0.417). Three diagnostic models achieved an area under the curve value as high as 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000). The clinical and radiological semantic models provided a better diagnostic performance and more considerable net benefits. CONCLUSIONS: Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. A model composed of radiological semantic and clinical features has an excellent performance for the diagnosis of COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. • A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-06829-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06829-2 doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06829-2 id: cord-263674-kngz6j9q author: Chen, Xing title: Laboratory abnormalities and risk factors associated with in‐hospital death in patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 2375.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263674-kngz6j9q.txt summary: Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and explored the risk factors associated with in‐hospital death. Here, we present the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data of hospitalized patients between survivors and non-survivors, describe the main laboratory abnormalities, and analyze the risk factors of in-hospital death with the hope of reducing mortality. We enrolled consecutive hospitalized adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted from February 3 to February 20, 2020, who were laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and categorized as severe type based on the clinical presentation at the time of admission. To minimize interference in analyzing the risk factors associated with in-hospital death, non-survivors who died within 3 days after admission were excluded. In this retrospective cohort study, we reported the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and main laboratory abnormalities in COVID-19 severe patients. Our study reported that elevated levels of NEU, hs-CRP, CK, and BUN were risk factors for in-hospital death in COVID-19 severe patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID‐19 outbreak of worldwide, we aim to analyze the laboratory risk factors of in‐hospital death in patients with severe COVID‐19. METHODS: All ≥18‐year‐old patients with confirmed severe COVID‐19 admitted to Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) from February 3 to February 20, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled and followed up until March 20, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and explored the risk factors associated with in‐hospital death. RESULTS: A total of 73 severe patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 20 (27%) patients died in hospital during the average 28 days of follow‐up period. The median age of non‐survivors was significantly older than survivors (69 [64‐76.5] years vs 64 [56‐71.3] years, P = .033) and 15 (75%) patients were males. The laboratory abnormalities of non‐survivors mainly presented in serious inflammation response and multiple organ failure, with high levels of cytokines and deranged coagulation parameters. Multivariable regression showed that neutrophil count greater than 4.47 × 10(9)/L (OR, 58.35; 95%CI: 2.16‐1571.69; P = .016), hypersensitivity C‐reactive protein greater than 86.7 mg/L (OR, 14.90; 95%CI: 1.29‐171.10; P = .030), creatine kinase greater than 101 U/L (OR, 161.62; 95%CI: 6.45‐4045.20; P = .002), and blood urea nitrogen greater than 6.7 mmol/L (OR, 11.18; 95%CI: 1.36‐91.62; P = .024) were risk factors for in‐hospital death. CONCLUSION: The risk factors of neutrophil count, hypersensitivity C‐reactive protein, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen could help clinicians to early identify COVID‐19 severe patients with poor outcomes on admission. Virus direct attack and cytokine storm play a major role in the death of COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656888/ doi: 10.1002/jcla.23467 id: cord-269895-a4xja2t5 author: Chen, Xue-Yan title: TNFα inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis date: 2020-05-21 words: 2234.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269895-a4xja2t5.txt summary: Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNFα, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. 14 According to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (Trial Version 7)" announced by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, histological examination revealed obvious alveolar damage and mononuclear inflammatory infiltration, which may be the result of alveolar epithelial cell necrosis. 20 The pathology of severe group COVID-19 pneumonia revealed that immune cells, especially CD8 + T cells and Th17, were connected with the pathogenesis of the disease. abstract: Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNFα, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620926800 doi: 10.1177/1753466620926800 id: cord-298915-g1u9jods author: Chen, Y. title: An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Severe vs Non-severe COVID-19 Clinical Type Classification date: 2020-05-22 words: 4171.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298915-g1u9jods.txt summary: Currently, severe and non-severe COVID-19 types are differentiated by only a few clinical features, which do not comprehensively characterize complicated pathological, physiological, and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 invasion in different types. Machine learning random forest (RF) models using features in each modality were developed and validated to classify COVID-19 clinical types. These findings shed light on how the human body reacts to SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a unity and provide insights on effectively evaluating COVID-19 patient''s severity and developing treatment plans accordingly. This study delivers an accurate diagnostic decision support tool to differentiate non-111 severe from severe type patients based on commonly available clinical data with clear clinical 112 Therefore, we developed an end-to-end ML framework to accurately 422 predict COVID-19 patient''s clinical type based on symptom and/or biochemistry modality 423 features. The goal of ML classification through RF was to accurately predict the patient''s COVID-19 type, 434 either "positive" (severe) or "negative" (non-severe), based on features from different clinical 435 modalities. abstract: Effectively and efficiently diagnosing COVID-19 patients with accurate clinical type is essential to achieve optimal outcomes of the patients as well as reducing the risk of overloading the healthcare system. Currently, severe and non-severe COVID-19 types are differentiated by only a few clinical features, which do not comprehensively characterize complicated pathological, physiological, and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 invasion in different types. In this study, we recruited 214 confirmed COVID-19 patients in non-severe and 148 in severe type, from Wuhan, China. The patients' comorbidity and symptoms (26 features), and blood biochemistry (26 features) upon admission were acquired as two input modalities. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that these features differed substantially between two clinical types. Machine learning random forest (RF) models using features in each modality were developed and validated to classify COVID-19 clinical types. Using comorbidity/symptom and biochemistry as input independently, RF models achieved >90% and >95% predictive accuracy, respectively. Input features' importance based on Gini impurity were further evaluated and top five features from each modality were identified (age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, gender, diabetes; D-Dimer, hsTNI, neutrophil, IL-6, and LDH). Combining top 10 multimodal features, RF model achieved >99% predictive accuracy. These findings shed light on how the human body reacts to SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a unity and provide insights on effectively evaluating COVID-19 patient's severity and developing treatment plans accordingly. We suggest that symptoms and comorbidities can be used as an initial screening tool for triaging, while biochemistry and features combined are applied when accuracy is the priority. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20105841v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105841 id: cord-355700-1yf1ae1d author: Chen, Y. title: How Efficient Can Non-Professional MasksSuppress COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-06-03 words: 3731.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt summary: Monte Carlo simulations exhibit that the effective reproduction number R of COVID-19 or similar pandemics can be approximately reduced by factor {gamma}4 with respect to the basic reproduction number R0,if the face masks with 70% <{gamma}< 90% are universally applied for the entire network. Furthermore, thought experiments and practical exploitation examples in country-level and city-level are enumerated and discussed to support our discovery in this study and indicate that the outbreak of a COVID-19 like pandemic can be even suppressed by the low efficiency non-professional face masks. In this study, abstracting physical and statistical models are our major methodologies for simulating a social network, in which the COVID-19 pandemic starts to be suppressed with the usage of different non-professional face masks. As an extension of Fig. 4 , we start the Monte Carlo simulations to study the effect of Class A+ face masks in the social network to suppress COVID-19 for longer period, when face masks obligation is applied at different stages of the pandemic. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can be transmitted via respiratory secretions. Since there are currently no specific therapeutics or vaccines available against the SARS-CoV-2, the commen nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are still the main measures to curb the COVID-19 epidemic. Face mask wearing is one important measure to suppress the pandemic. In order to know how efficient is face mask wearing in reducing the pandemic even with low efficiency non-professional face masks, we exploit physical abstraction to model the non-professional face masks made from cotton woven fabrics and characterize them by a parameter virus penetration rate (VPR){gamma}. Monte Carlo simulations exhibit that the effective reproduction number R of COVID-19 or similar pandemics can be approximately reduced by factor {gamma}4 with respect to the basic reproduction number R0,if the face masks with 70% <{gamma}< 90% are universally applied for the entire network. Furthermore, thought experiments and practical exploitation examples in country-level and city-level are enumerated and discussed to support our discovery in this study and indicate that the outbreak of a COVID-19 like pandemic can be even suppressed by the low efficiency non-professional face masks. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.31.20117986v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20117986 id: cord-355292-n6sq2jz9 author: Chen, Yan title: Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-16 words: 2625.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355292-n6sq2jz9.txt summary: A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. The other infant was born by vaginal delivery to a mother experiencing fever (highest temperature 38.3 • C), with a diagnostically confirmed infection. Recently, a finding from nine other cases suggested that there is no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy (1) . This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. abstract: A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. Of the three infants, for who consent to be diagnostically tested was provided, none tested positive for the virus. None of the infants developed serious clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or abnormal radiologic or hematologic evidence, and all four infants were alive at the time of hospital discharge. Two infants had rashes of unknown etiology at birth, and one had facial ulcerations. One infant had tachypnea and was supported by non-invasive mechanical ventilation for 3 days. One had rashes at birth but was discharged without parental consent for a diagnostic test. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266184/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00104 id: cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 author: Chen, Yifei title: Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-24 words: 4388.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281406-d7g0pbj4.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among COVID-19 cases, here, we poured over the first batch of 38 death cases whose information were made public by Health Commission of Hubei province as of 24 January 2020, one day into city lockdown in Wuhan, with the purpose to add a new facet to current evidence. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among cases, we looked into the first cluster of death cases, aiming to add to current evidence and reduce panic among the population. METHODS: We prospectively collected the demographic and clinical data of the first 38 fatalities whose information was made public by the Health Commission of Hubei province and the official Weibo account of China Central Television news center, starting from 9 January through 24 January 2020. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). RESULTS: Among the 38 fatalities, 71.05% were male, and 28.95% were female, with the median age of 70 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 65-81). Persons aged 66-75 made up the largest share. Twenty-five cases had a history of chronic diseases. The median time between the first symptoms and death was 12.50 days (IQR = 10.00-16.25), while the median time between the admission and death was 8.50 (IQR = 5.00-12.00) days. In persons aged over 56 years, the time between the first symptoms and death decreased with age, and so did the time between the admission and death, though the latter increased again in persons aged over 85 years. The major first symptoms included fever (52.63%), cough (31.58%), dyspnea (23.68%), myalgia and fatigue (15.79%). CONCLUSIONS: Among the death cases, persons with underlying diseases and aged over 65 made up the majority. The time between the first symptoms and death decreased with the advanced age. In all the age groups, males dominated the fatalities. url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh-10-011004 doi: 10.7189/jogh-10-011004 id: cord-310999-6xef9z2w author: Chen, Yiting title: In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do date: 2020-06-10 words: 475.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310999-6xef9z2w.txt summary: title: In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do Q3 The world is grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however, currently there is no effective antivirals or vaccines for it. A newly published review posited that ACE2 might exhibit circadian rhythm due to indirect effects of circadian rhythm changes in the renin angiotensin system, indicating the possible link of circadian rhythm to COVID-19 susceptibility [2] . Additionally, when exposed to COVID-19 infection, a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines were activated, increasing the risk of developing a cytokine storm [3] . a sleep-inducing hormone, is associated with the reduction of cytokines (eg, IL-6 and TNF-a); thus, melatonin is anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing, which has been suggested as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 [3] . COVID-19: melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment In the big picture of COVID-19 pandemic: what can sleep do abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.009 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.009 id: cord-350015-mg5wiihj author: Chen, Yiyin title: Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention date: 2020-10-31 words: 7489.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350015-mg5wiihj.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and has caused a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Therefore, age-associated reduction in type 1 IFN response coupled with direct viral suppression could serve as a critical innate immune mechanism that leads to poor cell mediated immunity and increased vulnerability of older adults against SARS-CoV-2 infection with therapeutic implication (Sallard et al., 2020) . On the other hand, children with COVID-19 manifested lower levels of T cell activation than adult COVID-19 patients (Moratto et al., 2020) , suggesting better immune system control and regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, moved across the globe at an unprecedented speed, and has caused a profound and yet still unfolding health and socioeconomic impacts. SARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes a disease that has been termed the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical experience thus far indicates that COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous, ranging from being asymptomatic and mild to severe and causing death. Host factors including age, sex, and comorbid conditions are key determinants of disease severity and progression. Aging itself is a prominent risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. We hypothesize that age-related decline and dysregulation of immune function, i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging play a major role in contributing to heightened vulnerability to severe COVID-19 outcomes in older adults. Much remains to be learned about the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We need to begin partitioning all immunological outcome data by age to better understand disease heterogeneity and aging. Such knowledge is critical not only for understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis but also for COVID-19 vaccine development. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 id: cord-264610-kxebc12r author: Chen, Yu title: Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China date: 2020-05-16 words: 1700.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264610-kxebc12r.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China Since IgG4-RD patients may be susceptible to infections due to the immune-related disease itself and the medications they take, we conducted a study to investigate COVID-19 infection rate in Hubei IgG4-RD patients during the recent outbreak in Hubei province, and to characterize the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients. Therefore, theoretically IgG4-RD patients have a high risk of progressing to severe/critical COVID-19 once infected and thus need to be identified and properly treated as early as possible. In summary, we describe the infection status and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among IgG4-RD patients under the pandemic situation in this study. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in abstract: OBJECTIVE: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated multi-organ, chronic and progressive disease. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the susceptibility of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients in Hubei province, and to characterize the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients. METHODS: A follow-up system that includes over 200 IgG4-RD patients across the country during the past ten years. A total of ninety-one patients with IgG4-RD who live in Hubei, China were identified and responded to our survey. Medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, CT imaging, and treatment were obtained through a standardized data collection form, and then independently reviewed by two investigators. RESULTS: 2 of 91 cases were infected with COVID-19. Both of them were classified as moderate type. The symptoms such as fever and cough and radiologic features were similar to other COVID-19 patients. Neither of them episode recurrent of IgG4-RD nor progressed to severe or critical condition of COVID-19 under the condition of continuous oral low-dose of glucocorticoids. Besides, patient 2 took a long time for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid to turn negative. CONCLUSION: IgG4-RD patients may belongs to the susceptible population of COVID-19 infection, and thus need more careful personal protection. Early identification and properly treatment are very important to prevent IgG4-RD patients with COVID-19 from progression to severe condition. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049017220301293?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.04.015 id: cord-344978-m672rnze author: Chen, Yuntian title: A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-06 words: 3966.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344978-m672rnze.txt summary: title: A Quantitative and Radiomics approach to monitoring ARDS in COVID-19 patients based on chest CT: a retrospective cohort study Three different models were constructed by using the traditional quantitative imaging metrics, radiomics features and their combinations, respectively. In this study, we use quantitative data analysis of chest CT images to detect the existence of ARDS during the COVID-19 treatment. Our results showed that used radiomics or quantitative metrics to monitor the ARDS existence was feasible, which had expanded the effectiveness of CT scans during the COVID-19 treatment, although it is still in controversy for reasons of availability, cost, and increased risk of cross-infection and radiation dosage [23] . Our results showed that radiomics or traditional quantitative post-analysis on a CT image could add extra information of disease condition in COVID-19 patients. A noninvasive ARDS existence monitoring model was constructed by using quantitative and radiomics analysis of chest CT images for COVDI-19 patients. abstract: Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the major reasons for ventilation and intubation management of COVID-19 patients but there is no noninvasive imaging monitoring protocol for ARDS. In this study, we aimed to develop a noninvasive ARDS monitoring protocol based on traditional quantitative and radiomics approaches from chest CT. Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from Jan 20, 2020 to Mar 31, 2020 were enrolled in this study. Quantitative and radiomics data were extracted from automatically segmented regions of interest (ROIs) of infection regions in the lungs. ARDS existence was measured by Pa02/Fi02 <300 in artery blood samples. Three different models were constructed by using the traditional quantitative imaging metrics, radiomics features and their combinations, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of the models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical value of the proposed model. Results: The proposed models were constructed using 352 CT images from 86 patients. The median age was 49, and the male proportion was 61.9%. The training dataset and the validation dataset were generated by randomly sampling the patients with a 2:1 ratio. Chi-squared test showed that there was no significant difference in baseline of the enrolled patients between the training and validation datasets. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the traditional quantitative model, radiomics model and combined model in the validation dataset was 0.91, 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. Accordingly, the sensitivities were 0.55, 0.82 and 0.58, while the specificities were 0.97, 0.86 and 0.98. The DCA curve showed that when threshold probability for a doctor or patients is within a range of 0 to 0.83, the combined model adds more net benefit than “treat all” or “treat none” strategies, while the traditional quantitative model and radiomics model could add benefit in all threshold probability. Conclusions: It is feasible to monitor ARDS from CT images using radiomics or traditional quantitative analysis in COVID-19. The radiomics model seems to be the most practical one for possible clinical use. Multi-center validation with a larger number of samples is recommended in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714080/ doi: 10.7150/ijms.48432 id: cord-297702-vxcj25sn author: Chen, Yuxin title: A comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of humoral responses specific to four recombinant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 words: 5253.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297702-vxcj25sn.txt summary: We continuously monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the nucleoprotein (NP), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1 protein, and ectodomain (ECD) of the spike protein among non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients for seven weeks since disease onset. In this retrospective study, we successively monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the NP protein, RBD protein, S1 protein, and ECD protein in 19 non-severe and 7 severe COVID-19 patients during the disease progression. The severe patients and non-severe patients had comparable reduced fold of IgM, IgG, and IgA binding titer specific to RBD, ECD, S1, and NP protein and neutralization activities. Furthermore, 80.7% of the convalescent sea from COVID-19 patients displayed varying levels of neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2, which correlated with S1-specific and ECD-specific IgA responses in non-severe patients. abstract: There is an urgent need for effective treatment and preventive vaccine to contain this devastating global pandemic, which requires a comprehensive understanding of humoral responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during the disease progression and convalescent phase of COVID-19 patients. We continuously monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the nucleoprotein (NP), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1 protein, and ectodomain (ECD) of the spike protein among non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients for seven weeks since disease onset. Most patients generated humoral responses against NP and spike protein-related antigens but with their distinct kinetics profiles. Combined detection of NP and ECD antigens as detecting antigen synergistically improved the sensitivity of the serological assay, compared to that of using NP or RBD as detection antigen. 80.7% of convalescent sera from COVID-19 patients revealed that the varying extents of neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2. S1-specific and ECD-specific IgA responses were strongly correlated with the neutralization activities in non-severe patients, but not in severe patients. Moreover, the neutralizing activities of the convalescent sera were shown to significantly decline during the period between 21 days to 28 days after hospital discharge, accompanied by a substantial drop in RBD-specific IgA response. Our data provide evidence that are crucial for serological testing, antibody-based intervention, and vaccine design of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008796 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008796 id: cord-298639-v9yg80jw author: Chen, Yuxin title: High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 words: 3369.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt summary: Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 500 ng/mL of recombinant RBD or NP protein overnight, incubating with diluted were also collected and the nasopharyngeal swab samples from these patients have been repeatedly tested as negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at least twice at a two-day apart. Our study proved that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. abstract: The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was examined among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to four patients who were laboratory confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These HCWs were immediately under quarantine for 14 days as soon as they were identified as close contacts. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected on the first and 14(th) day of the quarantine, while the serum samples were obtained on the 14(th) day of the quarantine. With the assay of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and microneutralization assay, 17.14% (18/105) of HCWs were seropositive, while their swab samples were found to be SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative. Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504745/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.067 id: cord-343502-1n0o4akm author: Chen, Zhang-Ren title: Pharmacotherapics Advice in Guidelines for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 4051.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343502-1n0o4akm.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 (previously termed 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV), a virus that causes COVID-19, likely initially transmitted from bat to human (Gorbalenya et al., 2020) , infected over 6 million people worldwide from its outbreak in December 2019 to May 2020 (China CDC, 2020; WHO, 2020a) . China, Italy, Germany, the ATS (American Thoracic Society), the SSC (Surviving Sepsis Campaign), the NIH (National Institutes of Health), the IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America), and the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) released guidelines and recommended several medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 (Table 1) . The majority of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus drugs are adopted from the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): alpha-interferon, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin. The guideline from Italy recommended remdesivir (Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases SECTION, 2020), and the FDA approved emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 (FDA, 2020). abstract: Since December 2019 to May 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected over 6 million people worldwide. Due to its sudden and rapid outbreak, effective treatment for COVID-19 is scarce. Based on national clinical trials of novel treatments, China, Italy, Germany, and other countries and organizations have published multiple guidelines for COVID-19 and advised many medicines, such as chloroquine and tocilizumab. In this paper, we summarize the pharmacotherapy for COVID-19 according to those guidelines, highlight updates of the pharmacotherapy guidelines, and review the efficacy and safety of the indicated anti-COVID-19 drugs. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00950 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00950 id: cord-282990-qb4wk4yb author: Chen, Zhuo title: Safety considerations in the bioanalytical laboratories handling specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-08-21 words: 1971.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282990-qb4wk4yb.txt summary: Since blood specimen is one of the most commonly analyzed sample types, viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in blood is a key issue for laboratory biosafety. Besides the above three studies, other recently published papers also demonstrated that the detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood from COVID-19 patients were generally low as: five of 48 (10%) [1] , two of 9 (22%) [2] and six of 41 (15%) [3] . Despite the relatively low SARS-CoV-2 viral load detected in the blood and urine of COVID-19 patients, scientists have yet to draw conclusions about the infectivity of these specimens. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued the interim laboratory biosafety guidelines for handling COVID-19 specimens, which recommends virus inactivation prior to sample processing to reduce the risk of infection [10] . Nevertheless, only the protocol of heating at 92 • C for 15 min completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens with much higher viral load. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32820941/ doi: 10.4155/bio-2020-0185 id: cord-286544-ipmcqz8n author: Cheng, Biao title: Predictors of progression from moderate to severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort date: 2020-07-02 words: 1982.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286544-ipmcqz8n.txt summary: METHODS: All adult patients with COVID-19 of moderate severity diagnosed using qRT-PCR and hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from Jan 1 to Mar 20, 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for NLR and CRP in predicting progression to critical condition was 0.77 (95% CI 0.694-0.846, P < 0.001) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.780-0.905, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 2.79 and 25.95 mg/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of NLR and CRP at admission were associated with poor prognosis of moderate COVID-19 patients. In this study, we focus on the clinical features and outcomes of patients with moderate COVID-19 treated at a single institution and explore the factors and indicators associated with their prognosis. However, older age, male gender, and NLR and CRP levels on admission were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with moderate COVID-19. In conclusion, age, gender, and NLR and CRP levels at admission are associated with poor prognoses of patients with moderate COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were identified as moderate, which is defined as having a fever or dry cough and lung imaging with ground-glass opacities. The risk factors and predictors of prognosis in such cohorts remain uncertain. METHODS: All adult patients with COVID-19 of moderate severity diagnosed using qRT-PCR and hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from Jan 1 to Mar 20, 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The main outcomes were progression from moderate to severe or critical condition or death. RESULTS: Among the 456 enrolled patients with moderate COVID-19, 251/456 (55.0%) had poor prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified higher NLR on admission (OR =1.032, 95%CI 1.042-1.230, P = 0.004) and higher CRP on admission (OR =3.017, 95%CI 1.941-4.690, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds ratios of poor prognosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for NLR and CRP in predicting progression to critical condition was 0.77 (95% CI 0.694-0.846, P < 0.001) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.780-0.905, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 2.79 and 25.95 mg/l, respectively. The AUC of NLR and CRP in predicting death was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.732-0.878, P < 0.001) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.825-0.946, P < 0.001), with a cut-off value of 3.19 and 33.4 mg/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of NLR and CRP at admission were associated with poor prognosis of moderate COVID-19 patients. NLR and CRP were good predictors of progression to critical condition and death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32622952/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.033 id: cord-332180-dw4h69tp author: Cheng, Fu-Yuan title: Using Machine Learning to Predict ICU Transfer in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-01 words: 4124.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332180-dw4h69tp.txt summary: We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers'' efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. The primary aim of this study is to develop a novel supervised machine learning classifier for predicting the risk of ICU transfer within the next 24 h for COVID-19 patients using hospital EMR data. The following data were retrospectively collected from the Mount Sinai Health System COVID-19 registry, sourced from an EPIC EHR system: demographic information, time-series of the admission-discharge-transfer events, structured and semi-structured clinical assessments, vital signs from nursing flowsheets, and laboratory and electrocardiogram (ECG) results. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. Using machine learning, we developed a model for identifying deteriorating patients in need of ICU transfer by using data routinely collected during inpatient care. abstract: Objectives: Approximately 20–30% of patients with COVID-19 require hospitalization, and 5–12% may require critical care in an intensive care unit (ICU). A rapid surge in cases of severe COVID-19 will lead to a corresponding surge in demand for ICU care. Because of constraints on resources, frontline healthcare workers may be unable to provide the frequent monitoring and assessment required for all patients at high risk of clinical deterioration. We developed a machine learning-based risk prioritization tool that predicts ICU transfer within 24 h, seeking to facilitate efficient use of care providers’ efforts and help hospitals plan their flow of operations. Methods: A retrospective cohort was comprised of non-ICU COVID-19 admissions at a large acute care health system between 26 February and 18 April 2020. Time series data, including vital signs, nursing assessments, laboratory data, and electrocardiograms, were used as input variables for training a random forest (RF) model. The cohort was randomly split (70:30) into training and test sets. The RF model was trained using 10-fold cross-validation on the training set, and its predictive performance on the test set was then evaluated. Results: The cohort consisted of 1987 unique patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to non-ICU units of the hospital. The median time to ICU transfer was 2.45 days from the time of admission. Compared to actual admissions, the tool had 72.8% (95% CI: 63.2–81.1%) sensitivity, 76.3% (95% CI: 74.7–77.9%) specificity, 76.2% (95% CI: 74.6–77.7%) accuracy, and 79.9% (95% CI: 75.2–84.6%) area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Conclusions: A ML-based prediction model can be used as a screening tool to identify patients at risk of imminent ICU transfer within 24 h. This tool could improve the management of hospital resources and patient-throughput planning, thus delivering more effective care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061668 doi: 10.3390/jcm9061668 id: cord-275946-ofd2ipvs author: Cheng, Matthew P. title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-04 words: 5277.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275946-ofd2ipvs.txt summary: Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. Appropriately designed seroepidemiologic studies will play an essential part in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic by characterizing transmission dynamics, refining disease burden estimates, and providing insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Serologic surveillance studies can also assess the accumulation of persons with antibody responses over time to estimate incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (57, 58) and can track age-and jurisdiction-specific disease susceptibility and identify at-risk populations (59) . abstract: Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many use cases are envisaged, including complementing molecular methods for diagnosis of active disease and estimating immunity for individuals. At the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement of disease burden estimates and will provide insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity. Yet, despite an explosion in the number and availability of serologic assays to test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, most have undergone minimal external validation to date. This hinders assay selection and implementation, as well as interpretation of study results. In addition, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding serologic correlates of protection from infection or disease, and the degree to which these assays cross-react with antibodies against related coronaviruses. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2854 doi: 10.7326/m20-2854 id: cord-318893-obcdapgb author: Cheng, Shao-Chung title: Author reply to Letters to the Editor “COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan” date: 2020-04-02 words: 293.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318893-obcdapgb.txt summary: key: cord-318893-obcdapgb title: Author reply to Letters to the Editor "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan" cord_uid: obcdapgb Author reply to Letters to the Editor "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan" We would like to thank Joob B. for showing their interest in our article "First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan" 1 and sharing their idea selflessly on our work. We agreed with Joob B. Joob B. highlighted that COVID-19 cases might still had undetected viral shedding and still were infectious. In our case, the patient had negative results from sputum and throat for 3 times between illness day 17e23 by rRT-PCR. Nonetheless, there were cases reported from China that patient had prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding. 4 We appreciated Joob B et al. First case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Editorial: Wuhan coronavirus outbreak and imported case abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.011 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.011 id: cord-298257-uptgv2xv author: Cheng, Wenwen title: Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-09 words: 5802.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298257-uptgv2xv.txt summary: Compared with the control treatments, corticosteroid therapy was associated with clinical recovery (RR = 1.30, 95% CI [0.98, 1.72]) and a significantly shortened length of ICU hospitalization (RR = −6.50; 95% CI [−7.63 to −5.37]), but it did not affect the mortality ((RR = 1.59; 95% CI [0.69–3.66], I(2) = 93.5%), utilization of mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.35; 95% CI [0.10, 1.18]), duration of symptoms (WMD = 1.69; 95% CI [−0.24 to 3.62]) or virus clearance time (RR = 1.01; 95% CI [−0.91 to 2.92], I(2) = 57%) in COVID-19 patients. to explore the efficacy of the early use of short-term corticosteroids compared with a control treatment in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan Union Hospital and reported a remarkable improvement of clinical symptoms and chest computed tomography (CT) findings . All the included retrospective cohort studies (without control group) and case studies did not report virus clearance time in patients with COVID-19 after corticosteroid treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a type of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that was identified in December 2019. Corticosteroid therapy was empirically used for clinical treatment in the early stage of the disease outbreak; however, data regarding its efficacy and safety are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid therapy in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal (VIP) databases were searched for studies. Data on clinical improvement, mortality, virus clearance time, adverse events (AEs), utilization of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and hospital stay were extracted by two authors independently. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (cohort studies). The pooled data were meta-analyzed using a random effects model, and the quality of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eleven cohort studies (corticosteroid group vs control group), two retrospective cohort studies (without control group), and seven case studies were identified. A total of 2840 patients were included. Compared with the control treatments, corticosteroid therapy was associated with clinical recovery (RR = 1.30, 95% CI [0.98, 1.72]) and a significantly shortened length of ICU hospitalization (RR = −6.50; 95% CI [−7.63 to −5.37]), but it did not affect the mortality ((RR = 1.59; 95% CI [0.69–3.66], I(2) = 93.5%), utilization of mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.35; 95% CI [0.10, 1.18]), duration of symptoms (WMD = 1.69; 95% CI [−0.24 to 3.62]) or virus clearance time (RR = 1.01; 95% CI [−0.91 to 2.92], I(2) = 57%) in COVID-19 patients. Treatment with corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19 may cause mild adverse outcomes. The quality of evidence was low or very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study indicate that corticosteroid therapy is not highly effective, but it appears to improve prognosis and promote clinical recovery in patients with severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013412/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571156 id: cord-035070-drt6esrk author: Cheng, Yichun title: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-26 words: 3659.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035070-drt6esrk.txt summary: title: Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 We aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and in-hospital outcomes of AKI in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, which was assigned responsibility for the treatments of severe COVID-19 patients by the Wuhan government. CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was associated with high in-hospital mortality, and inflammatory response may play a role in AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We conduct a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit to assess the incidence and risk factors of AKI and its impact on in-hospital mortality. Our study was the first to confirm the high levels of IL8, IL10 and IL2R were associated with a high risk of severe AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and in-hospital outcomes of AKI in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, which was assigned responsibility for the treatments of severe COVID-19 patients by the Wuhan government. AKI was defined and staged based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Mild AKI was defined as stage 1, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or stage 3. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate AKI risk factors, and Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between AKI and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 119 patients with COVID-19 were included in our study. The median patient age was 70 years (interquartile range, 59–77) and 61.3% were male. Fifty-one (42.8%) patients developed AKI during hospitalization, corresponding to 14.3% in stage 1, 28.6% in stage 2 and 18.5% in stage 3, respectively. Compared to patients without AKI, patients with AKI had a higher proportion of mechanical ventilation mortality and higher in-hospital mortality. A total of 97.1% of patients with severe AKI received mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality was up to 79.4%. Severe AKI was independently associated with high in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.06–3.13). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high serum interleukin-8 (OR: 4.21; 95% CI: 1.23–14.38), interleukin-10 (OR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.04–10.59) and interleukin-2 receptor (OR: 4.50; 95% CI: 0.73–6.78) were risk factors for severe AKI development. CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was associated with high in-hospital mortality, and inflammatory response may play a role in AKI development in critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649690/ doi: 10.1159/000512270 id: cord-285748-us5do6c2 author: Cheng, Yongqian title: SARS-CoV-2-Related Kidney Injury: Current Concern and Challenges date: 2020-09-23 words: 5322.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285748-us5do6c2.txt summary: Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unclear. Here, we review the recent findings of characteristics of COVID-19 in CKD patients and highlight the possible mechanisms of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Controversial results also exist like another study [18] indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found significantly correlated with incremental acute renal injury or aggravate chronic kidney failure in the COVID-19 patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant patients from this study showed that such cases may be severe enough requiring intensive care admission and these patients are in high risk of disease progression and death. Another study based on single-cell analysis by Lin and colleagues [28] also found that ACE2 was enriched in proximal tubular cells which may indicate that the kidney is more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only causes pulmonary inflammation but also causes multiple organ damages, including the kidney. ACE2, as one of the receptors for SARS-CoV-2 intrusion, is widely distributed in kidney tissues. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unclear. Here, we review the recent findings of characteristics of COVID-19 in CKD patients and highlight the possible mechanisms of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We then discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing kidney damage and protecting kidney function including virus removal, immunotherapy, supporting treatment, special blood purification therapy, etc. Problems unresolved and challenges ahead are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00529-0 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00529-0 id: cord-283719-zmizyx7e author: Cheng, Yuan-Yang title: Rehabilitation Programs for Patients with COronaVIrus Disease 2019: Consensus Statements of Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation date: 2020-08-17 words: 2815.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283719-zmizyx7e.txt summary: An online consensus meeting of an expert panel comprising members of the Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation was held to provide recommendations for rehabilitation protocols in each of the five COVID-19 stages, namely (1) outpatients with mild disease and no risk factors, (2) outpatients with mild disease and epidemiological risk factors, (3) hospitalized patients with moderate to severe disease, (4) ventilator-supported patients with clear cognitive function, and (5) ventilator-supported patients with impaired cognitive function. For patients with advanced disease severity, a well-designed rehabilitation program is even more crucial to improve pulmonary secretion clearance, ameliorates side-effects related to a prolonged bedridden state, and even prevents intensive care unit-acquired weakness. 8 Altogether, potentially significant risk factors for severe COVID-19 that should be identified and considered when designing rehabilitation programs include old age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory disease, and CVD. 29 Chest physiotherapy strategies that promote airway clearance include the following: Another important issue in the rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe disease is preventing deconditioning due to acute illness. abstract: Abstract The COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which developed into a pandemic in 2020, has become a major healthcare challenge for governments and healthcare workers worldwide. Despite several medical treatment protocols having been established, a comprehensive rehabilitation program that can promote functional recovery is still frequently ignored. An online consensus meeting of an expert panel comprising members of the Taiwan Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation was held to provide recommendations for rehabilitation protocols in each of the five COVID-19 stages, namely (1) outpatients with mild disease and no risk factors, (2) outpatients with mild disease and epidemiological risk factors, (3) hospitalized patients with moderate to severe disease, (4) ventilator-supported patients with clear cognitive function, and (5) ventilator-supported patients with impaired cognitive function. Apart from medications and life support care, a proper rehabilitation protocol that facilitates recovery from COVID-19 needs to be established and emphasized in clinical practice. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664620303892?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.08.015 id: cord-260232-98gtlad6 author: Chenna, Avantika title: Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade date: 2020-06-29 words: 4301.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260232-98gtlad6.txt summary: title: Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade We present the case series of four patients (2 men and 2 women; 1 Caucasian and 3 African Americans; two survived and two died) with confirmed COVID-19, presenting with respiratory symptoms and acute kidney injury, who have been on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. We also discussed the role of ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in patients with COVID-19 infection along with pathogenesis. We presented the case series of four patients who were on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) with COVID-19 infection and acute renal failure. hypothesized that the use of ACE2 modulation medications in hypertensive and diabetic patients increased the risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection [1] . abstract: The renin-angiotensin system plays a very critical role in hypertension, diabetes, and kidney and heart diseases. The blockade of the renin-angiotensin system results in the prevention of progression of renal and cardiac damage. There have been controversial hypotheses raised regarding the safety of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present the case series of four patients (2 men and 2 women; 1 Caucasian and 3 African Americans; two survived and two died) with confirmed COVID-19, presenting with respiratory symptoms and acute kidney injury, who have been on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been implicated as the gateway for viral entry into the human cell in causing the infection. The factors contributing to acute kidney injury are diuretics, iodinated contrast administration, hemodynamic instability apart from ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. The ACE inhibitors and ARBs were stopped in these patients due to acute kidney injury. We also discussed the role of ACE2 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in patients with COVID-19 infection along with pathogenesis. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8811931 doi: 10.1155/2020/8811931 id: cord-274632-d9z0m2l8 author: Chenna, Avantika title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient date: 2020-05-09 words: 1265.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274632-d9z0m2l8.txt summary: Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections [1] . Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections [1] . Here, we describe a case of a renal transplant patient who developed COVID-19 and, unfortunately, died from the infection despite all medical management. The illness from COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients ranged from mild to severe, and few patients presented with atypical symptoms [1, 3] . Transplant patients constitute a population more vulnerable to develop COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state and higher risk for opportunistic infections. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? Threatening drug-drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections. The pre-immunosuppressed state, along with other existing comorbidities, can influence the outcomes of COVID-19 in transplant patients. We describe a case of a renal transplant patient who developed COVID-19. Real-time nucleic acid testing (NAT) should be done in deceased and living donors. The most common management strategy is the modification of immunosuppression along with current experimental strategies for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528774/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8038 id: cord-338684-po3hfibp author: Cheong, Kai Xiong title: Systematic Review of Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-26 words: 5033.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338684-po3hfibp.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Studies have reported ocular involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with SARS-CoV-2 having been detected in ocular swab samples. Observational studies which both described ocular involvement among patients with COVID-19 and attempted to detect SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples via RT-PCR and/or viral cultures were included. In contrast, other studies have reported the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular samples from patients who did not experience ocular symptoms and signs [5, 9, 10] . reported in a retrospective case series that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in conjunctival swab samples from both eyes of two patients (6.06%) in a population of 33 patients. Seah et al., in a prospective case series of 17 patients, reported that SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected in RT-PCR of tear samples. In the studies that took serial samples, SARS-CoV-2 was reported to remain detectable up to 27 days after the onset of ocular and respiratory symptoms [16, 18] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Studies have reported ocular involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with SARS-CoV-2 having been detected in ocular swab samples. This has implicated the eye as a portal of transmission. The aim of this systemic review is to summarise and discuss the current literature regarding ocular involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS: In this systematic review, the prevalence of ocular symptoms and signs was low (from 0 to 31.58%) and conjunctivitis was a relatively rare occurrence. The rate of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples was low as well and this ranged from 0 to 11.11%. The development of ocular symptoms and signs was not always accompanied by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular swab samples. The opposite was described as well. This may reflect issues related to the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and of the study design. Nonetheless, the nature of research in a pandemic is that conclusions can change as more information is obtained. SUMMARY: Whilst the eye is unlikely to be a main transmission route, we need to consider the possibilities of conjunctivitis as a presenting complaint and of the eye playing a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we need to take the appropriate precautions in our practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate the viral tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its role in the eyes. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40135-020-00257-7 doi: 10.1007/s40135-020-00257-7 id: cord-252726-t5tcp6di author: Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title: COVID‐19 and Clinical Pharmacy Worldwide ‐ A Wake Up Call and a Call to Action date: 2020-06-15 words: 2063.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252726-t5tcp6di.txt summary: And because many of the clinical services that pharmacists provide are bundled with medicine access, we have limited time to confirm our role as essential in the modern health care team. As the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions continue to push us to develop additional strategies to preserve the medical supply chain, we anticipate that considerations for clinical pharmacy activities will decline. In Australia, as the pandemic worsened globally, the key health settings (hospitals and community pharmacies) struggled to project how they would optimize care provision while also serving as a good learning environment for pharmacy students and pre-registration interns. In addition, many hospital sites suggested that by having skilled pharmacy students rotating through to support medication provision meant that more experienced pharmacists could remain allocated to direct patient care services. Numerous articles have highlighted the role of clinical pharmacy in response to unique COVID-19-related challenges and the need for greater political advocacy for the value of these services. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1286 doi: 10.1002/jac5.1286 id: cord-323137-8b06u7kt author: Chern, Alexander title: Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope date: 2020-10-06 words: 3346.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323137-8b06u7kt.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while simultaneously maintaining a robust peerreview process. Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope journal website) was performed on July 8, 2020 to identify The Laryngoscope publications pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and historic respiratory pandemics of the 20th and 21st century. Publication data (e.g., number of submissions and acceptances, time from manuscript receipt to acceptance) of The Laryngoscope during historic pandemic years were not available for comparison to current COVID-19 publication data. During a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for medical journals to share essential information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer-review process. abstract: OBJECTIVES: During a public health crisis, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer‐review process. This review reports and analyzes The Laryngoscope's publication trends and practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic, before the COVID‐19 pandemic, and during previous pandemics. METHODS: Comprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope) was performed. COVID‐19 manuscripts (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 4 months of the pandemic) were identified and compared to manuscripts pertaining to historic pandemics (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 2 years of each outbreak). Keywords included “Laryngoscope”, “flu”, “pandemic”, “influenza”, “SARS”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “coronavirus”, “COVID‐19”, and “SARS‐CoV‐2”. Data were obtained from The Laryngoscope to characterize publication trends during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic. RESULTS: From March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, The Laryngoscope had 203 COVID‐19 submissions. As of July 8, 2020, 20 (9.9%) were accepted, 117 (57.6%) under review, and 66 (32.5%) rejected. During the first 4 months of the pandemic, 18 COVID‐19 manuscripts were published. The mean number of days from submission to online publication was 45, compared to 170 in 2018 and 196 in 2019. A total of 4 manuscripts concerning previous pandemics were published during the initial 2 years of each outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. Laryngoscope, 2020 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32964454/ doi: 10.1002/lary.29147 id: cord-351108-wfik975q author: Cherry, George title: Loss of smell and taste: a new marker of COVID-19? Tracking reduced sense of smell during the coronavirus pandemic using search trends date: 2020-07-16 words: 3644.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351108-wfik975q.txt summary: We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases. We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America (USA) and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases using a self-developed software programme (Python). Summary of Spearman''s rank correlation test outcomes for search interest in terms relating to anosmia and ageusia and new daily Covid-19 cases per million (both data as 7-day moving-mean) the table shows counts of regions within each country and result group. We have demonstrated that there is clear association between Google Trends search terms relating to loss of smell and taste and Covid-19 cases both on a regional, national, and international basis. abstract: OBJECTIVES: It has been demonstrated that reduction in smell and/or taste is the most predictive symptom in SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 infection. We used Google Trends to analyze regional searches relating to loss of smell and taste across Italy, Spain, France, Brazil, and the United States of America and determined the association with reported Covid-19 cases. METHODS: In order to retrieve the data, we built a Python software program that provides access to Google Trends data via an application program interface. Daily COVID-19 case data for subregions of the five countries selected were retrieved from respective national health authorities. We sought to assess the association between raw search interest data and COVID-19 new daily cases per million for all regions individually. RESULTS: In total, we yielded 2188 sets of Google Trends data which included 548 time series of 4 anosmia and ageusia search concepts over the study period for 137 regions. These data indicated that differences in search interest for terms relating to anosmia and ageusia, between regions, is associated with geographical trends in new Covid-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that Google search trends relating to loss of smell can be utilized to identify potential Covid-19 outbreaks on a national and regional basis. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2020.1792289 doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1792289 id: cord-319849-3shr5grg author: Cheruiyot, Isaac title: Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-11-03 words: 3059.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319849-3shr5grg.txt summary: We, therefore, conducted a rapid systematic review of current scientific literature to identify and consolidate data on the incidence, age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, types, and clinical outcomes of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in COVID-19 patients. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) were case reports/case series/cohort studies, (2) included patients with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, (3) monitored the patients for development of complications during the course of admission, and (4) reported clear extractable data on hemorrhagic stroke. For each study, the following information was extracted: the surname of the first author and the year of publication, country where the study was performed, the type of study (case report/case series/cohort), sample size, demographic characteristics, number of patients with intracranial hemorrhage, type of intracranial hemorrhage, anticoagulation prior to onset of hemorrhagic event, comorbidities, and mortality rate. abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may present with or develop cerebrovascular disease during the course of hospitalization. Whereas ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients has been well described, data on intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in these patients is still limited. We, therefore, conducted a rapid systematic review of current scientific literature to identify and consolidate evidence of ICH in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic search of literature was conducted between November 1, 2019, and August 14, 2020, on PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify eligible studies. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies describing ICH in 148 COVID-19 patients were included. The pooled incidence of ICH in COVID-19 patients was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5–0.9), with low levels of inter-study heterogeneity observed (I(2) = 33.6%, Cochran’s Q = 12.05, p = 0.149). Most of the patients were elderly male patients (65.8%) with comorbidities, the most common being systemic hypertension (54%). Hemorrhage involving multiple cranial compartments was reported in 9.5% of cases. Single compartments were involved in the rest, with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) being the most common variety (62.6%) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) the least common (1.4%). Half of these patients were on some form of anticoagulation. Overall, the mortality rate in the COVID-19 patients with ICH was about 48.6%. CONCLUSION: Although relatively uncommon among COVID-19 patients, ICH is associated with a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk of developing ICH, particularly with comorbid conditions and on anticoagulant therapy, may be important to improve outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04870-z doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04870-z id: cord-333338-6mxeq8dg author: Cheshmehzangi, Ali title: COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use? date: 2020-10-09 words: 5771.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333338-6mxeq8dg.txt summary: By exploring this overarching aim, the main objectives of this perspective paper are (1) to evaluate the main impacts on the primary household energy use, (2) to suggest what could become a longer-term energy implication for the households, and (3) to address what needs to be studied at a larger scale in the future research. The methodology package is designed based on a pilot study, evaluating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household energy use and consumption. Second, the results of ''cooking'' and ''household entertainment activities'' are summarized together to indicate the changes between different phases and the correlation between these two daily needs that require energy use for preparation and operations. It mainly investigates the changes that could suggest major impacts on the household energy use because of the COVID-19, and some that could potentially last longer than these few months of the pandemic. abstract: This study explores the impacts of COVID-19 on household energy use. Some of these impacts are associated with longer-term energy demand changes and some could just be temporary. The study intends to present the results of a small pilot study conducted in China, by addressing household energy use. The samples are from 352 households and particularly focus on primary energy use in three periods of pre-pandemic (and pre-lockdown), start of COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown, and post lockdown. Each period is identified as a timeframe of 2.5 months, from November 2019 to late June 2020. The samples of this study highlight the primary implications of energy use, some that are understood as interim changes and some that may appear to be more prolonged. The results from the study highlight a variety of impacts on household energy use as well as prolonged impacts on transportation use. The primary household energy use are assessed in six fundamental elements of (1) transportation for commuting and leisure (for both private and public modes), (2) cooking, (3) entertainment, (4) heating and cooling, (5) lighting, and (6) the others. The results are summarized in three sections focused on major impacts on transportation use (comparison between private and public modes), cooking and entertainment, heating/cooling and lighting. The results could provide early suggestions for cities/regions that are experiencing longer lockdown. Furthermore, this study provides insights for larger-scale research in assessing household energy use/demand during times of health emergency and crises, such as the event of a pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202 id: cord-278325-ykcd7d59 author: Cheung, Carmen Ka Man title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Haematologist''s Perspective date: 2020-07-28 words: 7672.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278325-ykcd7d59.txt summary: Two meta-analyses showed that a lower platelet count is associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and may serve as a marker for progression of illness [53, 54] . Experience from previous SARS patients, caused by SARS-CoV-1, suggested that coronavirus could cause thrombocytopenia by direct viral infection of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells via CD13 or CD66a, formation of auto-antibodies and immune complexes, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and consumption of platelet in lung epithelium [61, 62] . The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) suggested all patients (including non-critically ill) who require hospital admission for COVID-19 infection should receive a prophylactic dose of LMWH unless contraindicated (Table 2 ) [102] . Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting millions of patients worldwide. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the family Coronaviridae, with 80% genomic similarities to SARS-CoV. Lymphopenia was commonly seen in infected patients and has a correlation to disease severity. Thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially those with critical illness and non-survivors. This pandemic has caused disruption in communities and hospital services, as well as straining blood product supply, affecting chemotherapy treatment and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation schedule. In this article, we review the haematological manifestations of the disease and its implication on the management of patients with haematological disorders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721958/ doi: 10.1159/000510178 id: cord-269771-hffxb7bm author: Cheung, Ka Shing title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-03 words: 4797.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269771-hffxb7bm.txt summary: title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples from the Hong Kong Cohort and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published gastrointestinal symptoms and detection of virus in stool, and also summarized data from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The proportion of patients with detectable stool viral RNA was higher among those with diarrhea than those without diarrhea Table 2 including the hospital admission period, places in which the patients were recruited, sample size, age, sex, disease severity, non-gastrointestinal symptoms (fever and respiratory symptoms) on presentation, and gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain/discomfort). In this meta-analysis of 4,243 COVID-19 patients from six countries, the pooled prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms (including anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain) was 17.6%. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Abstract Background & Aims Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which has been characterized by fever, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as shedding of virus RNA into feces. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published gastrointestinal symptoms and detection of virus in stool, and also summarized data from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Methods We collected data from the cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong (n=59; diagnosis from February 2 through Feb 29, 2020), and searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and three Chinese databases through March 11, 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We analyzed pooled data on the prevalence of overall and individual gastrointestinal symptoms (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain or discomfort) using a random effects model. Results Among the 59 patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong, 15 patients (25.4%) had gastrointestinal symptoms and 9 patients (15.3%) had stool that tested positive for virus RNA. Stool viral RNA was detected in 38.5% and 8.7% among those with and without diarrhea, respectively (P=.02). The median fecal viral load was 5.1 log10cpm in patients with diarrhea vs 3.9 log10cpm in patients without diarrhea (P=.06). In a meta-analysis of 60 studies, comprising 4243 patients, the pooled prevalence of all gastrointestinal symptoms was 17.6% (95% CI, 12.3%–24.5%); 11.8% of patients with non-severe COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms (95% CI, 4.1%–29.1%) and 17.1% of patients with severe COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms (95% CI, 6.9%–36.7%). In the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of stool samples that were positive for virus RNA was 48.1% (95% CI, 38.3%–57.9%); of these samples, 70.3% of those collected after loss of virus from respiratory specimens tested positive for the virus (95% CI, 49.6%–85.1%). Conclusions In an analysis of data from the Hong Kong cohort of patients with COVID-19 and a meta-analysis of findings from publications, we found that 17.6% of patients with COVID-19 had gastrointestinal symptoms. Virus RNA was detected in stool samples from 48.1% patients—even in stool collected after respiratory samples tested negative. Healthcare workers should therefore exercise caution in collecting fecal samples or performing endoscopic procedures in patients with COVID-19—even during patient recovery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32251668/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.065 id: cord-340930-5cavkdde author: Cheung, Victor Kai-Lam title: Investigating effects of healthcare simulation on personal strengths and organizational impacts for healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-16 words: 2619.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340930-5cavkdde.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating impacts of healthcare simulation training, either in-situ or lab-based, on personal strengths of healthcare workers (HCWs) and organizational outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Post-training questionnaires made up of 5-point Likert scales were distributed to all participants to evaluate their personal strengths, in terms of i) assertiveness, ii) mental preparedness, iii) self-efficacy, iv) internal locus of control, and v) internal locus of responsibility. To comply with infection control guidelines of Hospital Authority, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in high-risk areas for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 was required to attend this training. In summary, this cross-sectional study showed that COVID-19 specific healthcare simulation training programs, both in-situ and lab-based, enhanced personal strengths of HCWs, in terms of assertiveness, mental preparedness, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility, to a large extent. abstract: INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating impacts of healthcare simulation training, either in-situ or lab-based, on personal strengths of healthcare workers (HCWs) and organizational outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: COVID-19 Taskforce was established to formulate standardized scenario-based simulation training materials in late-January 2020. Post-training questionnaires made up of 5-point Likert scales were distributed to all participants to evaluate their personal strengths, in terms of i) assertiveness, ii) mental preparedness, iii) self-efficacy, iv) internal locus of control, and v) internal locus of responsibility. Independent sample t-tests were used to analyze between-group difference in “In-situ” and “Lab-based” group; and one-sample t-tests were used to compare change in personal strengths with reference point of 3 (Neutral). Kirkpatrick’s Model served as the analytical framework for overall training effects. RESULTS: Between 05 February and 18 March 2020, 101 sessions of simulation training were conducted in “In-Situ” at either Accident & Emergency Department (20, 20%) or Intensive Care Unit (15, 14%) and “Lab-based” for Isolation (30, 30%) and General Wards (36, 36%). 1,415 hospital staff members, including 1,167 nurses (82%), 163 doctors (12%) and 85 patient care assistants (6%), were trained. All domains of personal strengths were scored 4.24 or above and statistically significantly increased when comparing with reference population (p < .001). However, no significant differences between in-situ and lab-based simulation were found (p > .05), for all domains of personal strengths. CONCLUSION: Healthcare simulation training enhanced healthcare workers’ personal strengths critical to operational and clinical outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32802743/ doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100476 id: cord-298156-d0pb1kik author: Cheval, Sorin title: Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment date: 2020-06-10 words: 11027.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298156-d0pb1kik.txt summary: Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. The concept of disaster has evolved over time, and here we use an adapted Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definition: a disaster is an event, which severely alters the functioning of a community due to hazardous physical, biological or human related impacts leading to widespread adverse effects on multiple scales and systems (environment, economic, social). While negative impacts on the economy and society in general are probably huge, it is very likely that the global-scale reduction of economic activities due to the COVID-19 crisis triggers a lot of sensible improvements in environmental quality and climatic systems. abstract: Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114140 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114140 id: cord-318262-w8oixzdg author: Chevance, A title: Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: a narrative review date: 2020-04-22 words: 6747.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318262-w8oixzdg.txt summary: Results: We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: 1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; 2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); 3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and 4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. abstract: Abstract Objective: The lack of resources and coordination to face the coronavirus epidemic raises concerns for the health of patients with mental disorders in a country where we still have memories of the dramatic experience of famine in psychiatric hospitals during the Second World War. This article aims to propose guidance to ensure mental health care during the SARS-CoV epidemic in France. Methods: The authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature and in local initiatives in France. Results: We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: 1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; 2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); 3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and 4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. Furthermore, the mental health healthcare system is more vulnerable than other healthcare systems. Current government plans are poorly suited to psychiatric establishments in a context of major shortages of organizational, material and human resources. In addition, a certain number of structural aspects make the psychiatric institution particularly vulnerable: many beds have been closed, wards have high densities of patients, mental health community facilities are closed, and medical teams are understaffed and poorly trained to face infectious diseases. There are also major issues when referring patients with acute mental disorders to intensive care units. To maintain the continuity of psychiatric care in this pandemic situation, several directions can be considered, in particular with the creation of "COVID+ units". These units are under the dual supervision of a psychiatrist and an internist / infectious disease specialist; all new entrants are placed in quarantine for 14 days; the nursing staff receives specific training, daily medical check-ups and close psychological support. Family visits are prohibited and replaced by videoconference. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. The total or partial closure of community mental health facilities is particularly disturbing for patients, but a regular follow-up is possible with telemedicine and should include the monitoring of suicide risk and psycho-education strategies; developing support platforms could also be very helpful in this context. Private practice psychiatrists also have a crucial role of information towards their patients on confinement and barrier measures, and also on measures to prevent the psychological risks inherent in confinement: maintenance of regular sleep r, physical exercise, social interactions, stress management and coping strategies, prevention of addictions, etc. They should also be trained to prevent, detect and treat early warning symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, because their prevalence was high in the regions of China most affected by the pandemic. Discussion: French mental healthcare is now facing a great and urgent need for reorganization and must also prepare in the coming days and weeks to face an epidemic of emotional disorders due to the confinement of the general population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370982/ doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.005 id: cord-326574-ke0iktly author: Chew, Alton Ming Kai title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 3760.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt summary: In the context of the ongoing pandemic, several potential applications of these tools have emerged, such as predicting outbreaks of COVID-19 based on historic travel data and public health capacity (22) . Direct potential applications of OHCs for patients at-risk of mental health disorders include lowering the barrier to access care and support for stigmatized illnesses such as anxiety and depression, by allowing patients to seek initial medical advice anonymously (43) . The pyramid base catering to the needs of the general population could include screening tools such as big data systems and/or OHCs to actively identify and/or engage at-risk individuals without pre-existing mental health disorders, as well as provide tele-support services to reduce risk of progression in patients with mental health disorders (49) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007 id: cord-271582-xo2a4wnj author: Chew, Christopher title: Medical ethics in the era of COVID‐19: Now and the future date: 2020-08-05 words: 1167.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271582-xo2a4wnj.txt summary: Instead, as the pandemic ravaged developed nations in the early months of the pandemic, COVID-19 exposed conflicted political leadership, limited vital medical supplies including personal protective equipment (PPE) and under-funded public health system capacity. Similarly, COVID-19 has forced healthcare workers in developed countries to confront moral dilemmas that have received limited attention from policymakers, clinicians and ethicists until now, but are part of daily life for their counterparts in resource-poor nations. Public health ethics has seen renewed relevance, including highly charged debates about the provision of PPE and whether healthcare workers have a ''duty to treat''. One struggle emerging at the clinical coalface is preserving the vital relationship between patients and healthcare providers despite unprecedented change in medical systems and delivery of care. Clinical ethics recommend ations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.13927 doi: 10.1111/resp.13927 id: cord-254288-duukt2wh author: Chew, Nicholas W.S. title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-21 words: 4453.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254288-duukt2wh.txt summary: title: A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak METHODS: Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigate the association between various physical symptoms and psychological distress amongst healthcare workers in Singapore and India during the current COVID-19 outbreak. The study questionnaire, written in English, comprised five main components-demographic characteristics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the previous month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instruments. This multinational, multicenter study found significant association between adverse psychological outcomes and physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers during the current COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic, there are reports on the increased prevalence of physical symptoms observed in the general population. We investigated the association between psychological outcomes and physical symptoms among healthcare workers. METHODS: Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. Healthcare workers included doctors, nurses, allied healthcare workers, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the past month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The prevalence of physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers and the associations between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of the 906 healthcare workers who participated in the survey, 48 (5.3%) screened positive for moderate to very-severe depression, 79 (8.7%) for moderate to extremely-severe anxiety, 20 (2.2%) for moderate to extremely-severe stress, and 34 (3.8%) for moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. The commonest reported symptom was headache (32.3%), with a large number of participants (33.4%) reporting more than four symptoms. Participants who had experienced symptoms in the preceding month were more likely to be older, have pre-existing comorbidities and a positive screen for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. After adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, it was found that depression (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.54–5.07, p = 0.001), anxiety (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36–3.48, p = 0.001), stress (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.27–7.41, p = 0.13), and PTSD (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12–4.35, p = 0.023) remained significantly associated with the presence of physical symptoms experienced in the preceding month. Linear regression revealed that the presence of physical symptoms was associated with higher mean scores in the IES-R, DASS Anxiety, Stress and Depression subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We postulate that this association may be bi-directional, and that timely psychological interventions for healthcare workers with physical symptoms should be considered once an infection has been excluded. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330593/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049 id: cord-258381-h0ddqs53 author: Chhabra, Saurabh title: Diagnostic considerations for COVID-19 in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation date: 2020-06-23 words: 1018.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258381-h0ddqs53.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients is associated with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and higher mortality. This assumes even greater relevance in the current pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) 1,2 wherein allogeneic HCT patients on therapeutic immune suppression are at a higher risk for mortality, and the only approved treatment (remdesivir) appears to be more effective in earlier stages of COVID-19 3-6 . The authors emphasize that a high index of suspicion is required to test by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal (NP) swab patients who present with fever and/or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms and have been in an area of high community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence or have been exposed to a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case in the previous 14 days. Bronchoscopy has had an established role in the evaluation of respiratory pathologies in allogeneic HCT patients 14 and should be considered in the event NP rRT-PCR is negative for COVID-19 and also when a possible co-infection e.g., influenza 15 is suspected. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients is associated with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and higher mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection is definitively diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) typically using nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, and less commonly, samples from the lower respiratory tract, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In highly prevalent regions, stepwise evaluation, and management, as in the pre-COVID era, risks false-negatives and delay in therapy for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589922/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.010 id: cord-354373-lldfoptb author: Chi, Jeffrey title: COVID-19 Clinical Research date: 2020-05-05 words: 2491.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354373-lldfoptb.txt summary: They can be categorized into four groups: drugs that combat SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory agents to counteract cytokine storm, convalescence plasma therapies and vaccines trials. They can be categorized into 1) drugs that combat SARS-CoV-2, 2) immunomodulatory agents to counteract cytokine storm, 3) convalescent plasma therapies and 4) vaccines trials (Table 1) . In vitro studies of these agents showed antiviral activities against SARS-VoV-2 and they are now repurposed for treating COVID-19 in clinical trials (Table 1) . Currently there are many ongoing clinical trials (e.g. NCT04292899, NCT04292730) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with mild to moderate or severe COVID-19. Sarilumab, another IL-6 receptor antagonist approved for RA, is also being studied in clinical trials (e.g. NCT04288713) in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 (Table 1) . As of April 19, 2020, there were 5 registered convalescent plasma therapy clinical trials in the United States for the treatment of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients (Table 1) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: While the global COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the entire humanity and health systems, it also triggered researchers to urgently perform clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of many agents and modalities to combat COVID-19. As of April 22, over 650 clinical studies have been registered both in USA and internationally. Results from these studies are also coming at a brisk pace in this unprecedented emergency. AREAS COVERED: We searched the NCI website and Medline and summarize various national and international clinical trials and summarize few of the pivotal ones in this paper, including those specific to oncology population. Two hundred and eighty four studies are actively recruiting adults and children with confirmed COVID-19, including 25 are early-phase I/phase I, 72 phase II, 58 phase III, 12 phase IV, and 31 other trials. They can be categorized into four groups: drugs that combat SARS-CoV-2, immunomodulatory agents to counteract cytokine storm, convalescence plasma therapies and vaccines trials. EXPERT OPINION: It is hoped that these efforts will results in a successful treatment to COVID-19, especially in a timely fashion before the second pandemic expected in fall. It is essential to acknowledge the devotion and hard work of the clinical research team and clinical research volunteers. url: https://doi.org/10.33696/signaling.1.006 doi: 10.33696/signaling.1.006 id: cord-330607-zn4urrxc author: Chi, Qiong title: Differential diagnosis for suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-18 words: 3215.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330607-zn4urrxc.txt summary: METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of suspected COVID-19 treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 21 to February 20, 2020 were divided into confirmed and COVID-19-negative groups based on the results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nucleic acid testing of the novel coronavirus in throat swab specimens to compare the clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging results between the groups. More common chest imaging characteristics of the confirmed COVID-19 cases by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) included ground-glass opacities (GGOs), multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation with bilateral involvement than COVID-19-negative group (82.4% vs 31.4%, P = 0.0002; 41.2% vs 17.6% vs P = 0.048; 76.5% vs 43.1%, P = 0.017; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: WBC count inversely correlated with the severity of fever, GGOs, multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation in chest HRCT and clustered infection are common but not specific features in the confirmed COVID-19 group. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 12,322,000 people and killed over 556,000 people worldwide. However, Differential diagnosis remains difficult for suspected cases of COVID-19 and need to be improved to reduce misdiagnosis. METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of suspected COVID-19 treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 21 to February 20, 2020 were divided into confirmed and COVID-19-negative groups based on the results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) nucleic acid testing of the novel coronavirus in throat swab specimens to compare the clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging results between the groups. RESULTS: Among suspected patients, 17 were confirmed to COVID-19-positive group and 51 were distinguished to COVID-19-negative group. Patients with reduced white blood cell (WBC) count were more common in the COVID-19-positive group than in the COVID-19-negative group (29.4% vs 3.9%, P = 0.003). Subsequently, correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant inverse correlation existed between WBC count and temperature in the COVID-19-positive patients (r = − 0.587, P = 0.003), instead of the COVID-19-negative group. But reduced lymphocyte count was no different between the two groups (47.1% vs 25.5%, P = 0.096). More common chest imaging characteristics of the confirmed COVID-19 cases by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) included ground-glass opacities (GGOs), multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation with bilateral involvement than COVID-19-negative group (82.4% vs 31.4%, P = 0.0002; 41.2% vs 17.6% vs P = 0.048; 76.5% vs 43.1%, P = 0.017; respectively). The rate of clustered infection was higher in COVID-19-positive group than COVID-19-negative group (64.7% vs 7.8%, P = 0.001). Through multiplex PCR nucleic acid testing, 2 cases of influenza A, 3 cases of influenza B, 2 cases of adenovirus, 2 cases of Chlamydia pneumonia, and 7 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were diagnosed in the COVID-19-negative group. CONCLUSIONS: WBC count inversely correlated with the severity of fever, GGOs, multiple patchy shadows, and consolidation in chest HRCT and clustered infection are common but not specific features in the confirmed COVID-19 group. Multiplex PCR nucleic acid testing helped differential diagnosis for suspected COVID-19 cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05383-y doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05383-y id: cord-294628-ecg13s7a author: Chia, Ming Li title: Managing COVID-19 in a Novel, Rapidly Deployable Community Isolation Quarantine Facility date: 2020-09-17 words: 3676.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294628-ecg13s7a.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. As such, isolation centers called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) were set up throughout the country to house patients with COVID-19 who were at low risk for dying of the disease. abstract: Singapore is one of the most densely populated small island–states in the world. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Singapore implemented large-scale institutional isolation units called Community Care Facilities (CCFs) to combat the outbreak in the community by housing low-risk COVID-19 patients from April to August 2020. The CCFs were created rapidly by converting existing public spaces and used a protocolized system, augmented by telemedicine to enable a low health care worker–patient ratio (98 health care workers for 3200 beds), to operate these unique facilities. In the first month, a total of 3758 patients were admitted to 4 halls, 4929 in-house medical consults occurred, 136 patients were transferred to a hospital, 1 patient died 2 weeks after discharge, and no health care workers became infected. This article shares the authors' experience in operating these massive-scale isolation facilities while prioritizing safety for all and ensuring holistic patient care in the face of a public health crisis and lean health care resources. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-4746 doi: 10.7326/m20-4746 id: cord-307246-y6di9aum author: Chia, Pow-Li title: Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore date: 2020-05-27 words: 1489.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307246-y6di9aum.txt summary: We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients, and how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing (EP) service in a large acute care general hospital in Singapore and the steps taken to mitigate the negative impact. Physical segregation based on time and work areas is instituted for the remaining technicians who are rostered to perform not just CIED checks but also echocardiography scans and support cardiac ambulatory services. All these measures help to minimize exposure of cardiac technicians and device manufacturer representatives to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare disaster in the modern times. Healthcare services must adapt to effectively juggle between pandemic management and maintenance of business-as-usual services so that both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive appropriate clinical care. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10840-020-00782-2 doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00782-2 id: cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author: Chiara, Berardi title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date: 2020-09-03 words: 5894.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt summary: Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). This section considers various interventions such as measures to contain the spread of the virus, policies for prevention and cure, interventions for economic stimulus, and the introduction of new health technology. This section describes the policy implemented by the government to cope with the limited capacity of the health care system and the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant technological interventions seemed to be far from having any impact on the outcomes considered (daily number of reported deaths and ICU saturation) due to delayed implementation (see Figure 10 in the appendix). abstract: Italy was the first Western country to experience a major coronavirus outbreak and consequently faced large-scale health and socio-economic challenges. The Italian government enforced a wide set of homogeneous interventions nationally, despite the differing incidences of the virus throughout the country. Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. Methods: To categorise the policy interventions, we rely on the comparative and conceptual framework developed by Moy et al. (2020). We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered from mixed sources: Italian national and regional institutions, National Health Research and international organisations. Our analysis contributes to the literature on the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing policy interventions and their outcomes. Results: Our findings suggest that the strictness and timing of containment and prevention measures played a prominent role in tackling the pandemic, both from a health and economic perspective. Technological interventions played a marginal role due to the inadequacy of protocols and the delay of their implementation. Conclusions: Future government interventions should be informed by evidence-based decision making to balance, the benefits arising from the timing and stringency of the interventions against the adverse social and economic cost, both in the short and long term. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.019 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.019 id: cord-301162-ux40twpt author: Chiaravalloti, Nancy D. title: The emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis date: 2020-08-19 words: 4789.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301162-ux40twpt.txt summary: During study closure, a COVID Impact Survey was administered via telephone or email to all participants, along with measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and MS symptomatology that were previously administered pre-pandemic. All participants additionally completed selected Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) that were previously administered at study enrollment (baseline) to evaluate changes in depression, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and MS symptomatology during the time period in which lockdown restrictions were in place. Despite the fact that the majority of participants reported some impact of the virus on their psychological well-being on the COVID Impact Interview, we saw little change in regard to symptoms of depression and anxiety and overall QOL on standardized PROs. The international composition of our sample indicates that these findings are largely consistent across widely dispersed geographical locations. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individuals with pre-existing chronic illness have shown increased anxiety and depression due to COVID-19. Here, we examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emotional symptomatology and quality of life in individuals with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS). METHODS: Data were obtained during a randomized clinical trial on rehabilitation taking place at 11 centers in North America and Europe. Participants included 131 individuals with PMS. Study procedures were interrupted in accordance with governmental restrictions as COVID-19 spread. During study closure, a COVID Impact Survey was administered via telephone or email to all participants, along with measures of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and MS symptomatology that were previously administered pre-pandemic. RESULTS: 4% of respondents reported COVID-19 infection. No significant changes were noted in anxiety, quality of life, or the impact of MS symptomatology on daily life from baseline to lockdown. While total HADS-depression scores increased significantly at follow-up, this did not translate into more participants scoring above the HADS threshold for clinically significant depression. No significant relationships were noted between disease duration, processing speed ability or EDSS, and changes in symptoms of depression or anxiety. Most participants reported the impact of the virus on their psychological well-being, with a little impact on financial well-being. The perceived impact of the pandemic on physical and psychological well-being was correlated with the impact of MS symptomatology on daily life, as well as changes in depression. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, little change was noted in symptoms of depression or anxiety or overall quality of life. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10160-7 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10160-7 id: cord-335744-haj5a7tf author: Chibbaro, Salvatore title: How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice date: 2020-05-13 words: 1695.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335744-haj5a7tf.txt summary: In fact, the geographical characteristics of our region and the strong bond with other units allowed us to transfer critical patients a few kilometers away to Germany, a country with more ICU beds available, and to other centers in our region where elective neurosurgical practice had not been disrupted as much as in Strasbourg. Internally, we had to face difficult choices due to the intense competition for surgical theaters between multiple specialties, the constant influx of neurosurgical emergencies and, last but not least, the need to keep up with our centralization of neuro-oncology cases. Finally, anticipating the possible medico-legal consequences of the crisis and to ensure accountability in all our decisions, our neurosurgical department established a COVID-19 period "Registry", which hopefully will enable us to monitor the clinical progression of our patients and provide data for better understanding the impact of the pandemic on our surgical practice. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0028377020300655 doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2020.05.001 id: cord-326618-0ci9irxl author: Chien, Lung-Chang title: COVID-19 Outbreak, Mitigation, and Governance in High Prevalent Countries date: 2020-09-17 words: 3567.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326618-0ci9irxl.txt summary: Countries were further grouped into three different levels of governance (25 better governance, 24 fair governance, and 13 worse governance), identified outbreak and mitigation periods using the joinpoint regression model, and compared the number of days and average daily percent change in incidence in two periods by governance level using the one-way analysis of variance. The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights urges countries to pay attention to respecting human rights and protecting vulnerable people, as these are fundamental factors to the success of the public health response and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic in the long run [15, 16] . Although better governance countries experience rapid surges in the number of cases during the COVID-19 crisis, the incidence decreases steadily. We found that countries with better governance had a more rapid increase but a shorter outbreak period than countries with fair or worse governance by 19.6-22.3 days. abstract: BACKGROUND: Disease control involves multiple actions overtime to halt the spread of COVID-19. The role of a country’s governance in slowing the spread of COVID-19 has not yet been well investigated. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between governance and the trend of COVID-19 incidence in countries with the highest prevalence. We hypothesized that countries with better governance are more likely to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 than countries with worse governance. METHODS: We analyzed 62 most prevalent countries with at least 10,000 accumulative confirmed cases from January 22 to June 15, 2020. Countries were further grouped into three different levels of governance (25 better governance, 24 fair governance, and 13 worse governance), identified outbreak and mitigation periods using the joinpoint regression model, and compared the number of days and average daily percent change in incidence in two periods by governance level using the one-way analysis of variance. FINDINGS: The average outbreak period in the 62 countries lasted 84.0 days. Sixty percent of countries (N = 37) had experienced outbreak periods, followed by a mitigation period. In contrast, the rest forty percent of countries (N = 25) still had a rising trend. In the outbreak period, better governance countries had a more rapid increase but a shorter outbreak period (71.2 days) than countries with fair (93.5 days) and worse (90.8 days) governance. Most countries with better governance (84.0%) revealed a declining trend in COVID-19 incidence, while such a trend was less than half of fair and worse governance countries (38.5%–41.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Countries with better governance are more resilient during the COVID-19 crisis. While the mitigation of COVID-19 is observed in most better governance countries, the incidence of COVID-19 is still surging in most fair and worse governance countries, and the possibility of a recurring epidemic of COVID-19 in countries cannot be ignored. url: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3011 doi: 10.5334/aogh.3011 id: cord-326853-miyvn7vd author: Chien, Lung-Chang title: Meteorological impacts on the incidence of COVID-19 in the U.S. date: 2020-07-04 words: 2641.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326853-miyvn7vd.txt summary: Our analyses indicate that each meteorological factor and COVID-19 more likely have a nonlinear association rather than a linear association over the wide ranges of temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation observed. By including all the three meteorological factors in the same model with their lagged effects up to 3 days, the overall impact of the average temperature on COVID-19 was found to peak at 68.45 °F and decrease at higher degrees, though the overall relative risk percentage (RR %) reduction did not become significantly negative up to 85 °F. In our study, we first investigated the linear association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 in the U.S. We found that higher temperatures significantly reduced the risk of COVID-19, while higher relative humidities significantly increased the risk. To sum up, the study found that average temperature, minimum relative humidity, and precipitation can better address the impact of meteorological factors on COVID-19. abstract: Since the World Health Organization has declared the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic, some have been anticipating that the mitigation could happen in the summer like seasonal influenza, while medical solutions are still in a slow progress. Experimental studies have revealed a few evidences that coronavirus decayed quickly under the exposure of heat and humidity. This study aims to carry out an epidemiological investigation to establish the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 in high risk areas of the United States (U.S.). We analyzed daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 and seven meteorological measures in top 50 U.S. counties with the most accumulative confirmed cases from March 22, 2020 to April 22, 2020. Our analyses indicate that each meteorological factor and COVID-19 more likely have a nonlinear association rather than a linear association over the wide ranges of temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation observed. Average temperature, minimum relative humidity, and precipitation were better predictors to address the meteorological impact on COVID-19. By including all the three meteorological factors in the same model with their lagged effects up to 3 days, the overall impact of the average temperature on COVID-19 was found to peak at 68.45 °F and decrease at higher degrees, though the overall relative risk percentage (RR %) reduction did not become significantly negative up to 85 °F. There was a generally downward trend of RR % with the increase of minimum relative humidity; nonetheless, the trend reversed when the minimum relative humidity exceeded 91.42%. The overall RR % of COVID-19 climbed to the highest level of 232.07% (95% confidence interval = 199.77, 267.85) with 1.60 inches of precipitation, and then started to decrease. When precipitation exceeded 1.85 inches, its impact on COVID-19 became significantly negative. Our findings alert people to better have self-protection during the pandemic rather than expecting that the natural environment can curb coronavirus for human beings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837311/ doi: 10.1007/s00477-020-01835-8 id: cord-337700-2n9tswr8 author: Chilimuri, Sridhar title: Predictors of Mortality in Adults Admitted with COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study from New York City date: 2020-07-08 words: 2355.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337700-2n9tswr8.txt summary: On multiple regression analysis, increasing odds of mortality during hospitalization was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06 per year increase; p < 0.0001), admission D-dimer more than 1000 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (OR 3.16; 95% CI, 1.75–5.73; p<0.0001), admission C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of more than 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36–4.34; p = 0.0028), and admission lymphopenia (OR 2.63; CI, 1.47–4.69; p 0.0010). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study originating in NYC, older age, admission levels of D-dimer of more than 1000 ng/mL, CRP of more than 200 mg/L and lymphopenia were associated with mortality in individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. In the final analysis, we excluded the following patients: those whose SARS-Cov-2 results were pending or whose definitive outcomes were not available at the time of the study as they were still hospitalized; and those with incomplete information. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States, especially in New York City (NYC), led to a tremendous increase in hospitalizations and mortality. There is very limited data available that associates outcomes during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the health records of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted from March 9–April 9, 2020, to a community hospital in NYC. Subjects with confirmed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. We collected data related to demographics, laboratory results, and outcome of hospitalization. Outcome was measured based on whether the patient was discharged home or died during hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 888 consecutive admissions with COVID-19 during the study period, of which 513 were excluded with pending outcome or incomplete information. We included a total of 375 patients in the study, of whom 215 (57%) survived and 160 (43%) died during hospitalization. The majority of patients were male (63%) and of Hispanic origin (66%) followed by Blacks (25%), and others (9%). Hypertension (60%) stands out to be the most common comorbidity followed by diabetes mellitus (47%), cardiovascular disease (17%), chronic kidney disease (17%), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (9%). On multiple regression analysis, increasing odds of mortality during hospitalization was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06 per year increase; p < 0.0001), admission D-dimer more than 1000 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (OR 3.16; 95% CI, 1.75–5.73; p<0.0001), admission C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of more than 200 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36–4.34; p = 0.0028), and admission lymphopenia (OR 2.63; CI, 1.47–4.69; p 0.0010). CONCLUSION: In this retrospective cohort study originating in NYC, older age, admission levels of D-dimer of more than 1000 ng/mL, CRP of more than 200 mg/L and lymphopenia were associated with mortality in individuals hospitalized for COVID-19. We recommend using these risk factors on admission to triage patients to critical care units or surge units to maximize the use of surge capacity beds. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726241/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.6.47919 id: cord-295116-eo887olu author: Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() date: 2020-05-08 words: 4708.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295116-eo887olu.txt summary: title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Recurrent LSTM networks has capability to address the limitations of traditional time series forecasting techniques by adapting nonlinearities of given COVID-19 dataset and can result state of the art results on temporal data. Accord-COVID-19 forecasting using LSTM Networks ing to this second model within 10 days, Canada is expected to see exponential growth of confirmed cases. abstract: On March 11(th) 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 novel corona virus as global pandemic. Corona virus, also known as COVID-19 was first originated in Wuhan, Hubei province in China around December 2019 and spread out all over the world within few weeks. Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of our Long short-term memory (LSTM) network, we predicted the possible ending point of this outbreak will be around June 2020. In addition to that, we compared transmission rates of Canada with Italy and USA. Here we also presented the 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14(th) day predictions for 2 successive days. Our forecasts in this paper is based on the available data until March 31, 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this of the few studies to use LSTM networks to forecast the infectious diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920302642 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109864 id: cord-335005-ezp4mery author: China, Anne title: Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions date: 2020-08-27 words: 4029.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335005-ezp4mery.txt summary: We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the "Anthropocene." Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. Next, we present two examples from the city of Denver, Colorado (USA), showing how policy responses to the spread of the virus triggered exchanges that altered human-environment interactions and created emergent new landscapes-in relation to the quality of air and ways of obtaining and eating foods-with implications for managing the effects of pandemics at a local scale. Though the origins of pandemics are rooted in global-scale human impacts on environment, i.e., the Anthropocene, the COVID-19 case shows how their riveting effects can also alter humanlandscape interactions locally, with consequent cross-scale feedbacks. abstract: Pandemics have accelerated in frequency in recent decades, with COVID-19 the latest to join the list. Emerging in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread quickly through the world, affecting billions of people through quarantine, and at the same time claiming more than 800,000 lives worldwide. While early reflections from the academic community have tended to target the microbiology, medicine, and animal science communities, this article articulates a viewpoint from a perspective of human interactions with Earth systems. We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the “Anthropocene.” Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. In recognizing the significance of novel infectious diseases as part of understanding human-landscape interactions in the Anthropocene, as well as the multi-scale interconnectedness between environment and health, this viewpoint converges toward an urgent need for new paradigms for research and teaching. The program required extends well beyond the already broad interdisciplinary scholarship essential for addressing human-landscape interactions, by integrating the work of health scientists, disease specialists, immunologists, virologists, veterinarians, behavioral scientists, and health policy experts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305420300229?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100256 id: cord-274141-vujx538o author: Chinsembu, Kazhila C. title: Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 words: 11338.0 sentences: 676.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274141-vujx538o.txt summary: De Clercq (2005 suggested that it was feasible to develop SARS-CoV fusion inhibitors analogous to enfuvirtide, a linear 36-amino acid synthetic peptide marketed under the trade name Fuzeon, an approved anti-HIV drug that inhibits the entry of the virus into cells. It was hypothesized that specific flavonoids, such as quercetin, hesperetin, and myricetin (7) and their glycosylated derivatives, may play an effective role in inhibiting SARS-CoV entry into host cells, specifically by binding with high affinity to the spike protein, helicase, and protease sites on the ACE receptor (Ngwa et al. Although the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic should remind scientists that current options for treating life-threatening zoonotic coronavirus infections are very limited , medicinal plants offer a strong pipeline for the discovery of novel lead compounds that can be converted into new drugs to treat COVID-19. abstract: [Image: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00104-7 doi: 10.1007/s43450-020-00104-7 id: cord-344486-iu5flbcl author: Chiotos, Kathleen title: Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-12 words: 8595.0 sentences: 416.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344486-iu5flbcl.txt summary: In the few months since this initial publication, new evidence has emerged demonstrating the efficacy of the antiviral medication remdesivir in shortening time to clinical recovery in adults with COVID-19, while several other studies have shown ineffectiveness of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir-ritonavir (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . Further, additional observational studies have provided insight into the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in children, demonstrating that while most young patients experience mild illness, a small proportion develop severe illness associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including need for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mortality (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) . Nevertheless, the panel recognizes that pediatric clinicians are likely to consider comorbidities when weighing the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy on a case-bycase basis, and in making these decisions may consider: 1) the available, albeit limited, pediatric COVID-19 literature; 2) risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 in adults; and 3) pre-existing medical conditions in children associated with worse clinical outcomes for other viral infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data evaluating agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand, such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children. METHODS: A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion. RESULTS: Given the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918548/ doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa115 id: cord-319418-ao0df0q7 author: Chire Saire, J. E. title: Study of Coronavirus Impact on Parisian Population from April to June using Twitter and Text Mining Approach date: 2020-08-18 words: 2389.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319418-ao0df0q7.txt summary: This paper studies the impact of coronavirus in the poopulation of Paris, France from April 23 to June 18, using Text Mining approach, processing data collected from Social Network and using trends related of searching. The information analysis on Twitter indicated by the detected rates can help to monitor the evolution of the interests of a population like that of France, within the phase of control of the outbreak of the current COVID-19 pandemic, showing that public interest in fear of health issues decreased and new fears arose, such as the issue of economic crisis, which is relevant information to generate effective communication policies meeting the needs of a population within the framework of Public Health. abstract: The fast spreading of coronavirus name covid19, generated the actual pandemic forcing to change daily activities. Health Councils of each country promote health policies, close borders and start a partial or total lockdown. One of the first countries in Europe with high impact was Italy. Besides at the end of April, one country with a shared border was on the top of 10 countries with more total cases, then France started with its own battle to beat coronavirus. This paper studies the impact of coronavirus in the poopulation of Paris, France from April 23 to June 18, using Text Mining approach, processing data collected from Social Network and using trends related of searching. First finding is a decreasing pattern of publications/interest, and second is related to health crisis and economical impact generated by coronavirus. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.20175810 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.15.20175810 id: cord-331058-ou6vqp7n author: Chireh, Batholomew title: Leveraging best practices: protecting sub-Saharan African prison detainees amid COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 1649.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331058-ou6vqp7n.txt summary: The risk of infection and death from COVID-19 is higher among older prisoners with pre-existing health conditions especially in sub-Saharan African. These focus areas include 1) challenges of social distancing; 2) higher risk of severe infection and death; 3) difficulties health care systems may face in the case of COVID-19 surge; and 4) recommended solutions to prevent harm and preventing a public health catastrophe. Although prison conditions in the United States may be quite different from those of sub-Saharan African countries, this paper applies these focus areas to the African context and provides simple and immediate measures to proactively prevent the spread of COVID-19 among prisoners in the region. As stated earlier older prisoners and persons with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to report severe infection and death in low-and middle-income countries [3] . abstract: The risk of infection and death from COVID-19 is higher among older prisoners with pre-existing health conditions especially in sub-Saharan African. Hawks L et al. raise four concerns that need to be considered when developing public health and clinical responses to COVID-19 to protect prisoners. This paper applies these concerns to the sub-Saharan African context. These focus areas include 1) challenges of social distancing; 2) higher risk of severe infection and death; 3) difficulties health care systems may face in the case of COVID-19 surge; and 4) recommended solutions to prevent harm and preventing a public health catastrophe. Prisoners are more vulnerable and the time to take immediate actions to minimize an imminent COVID-19 outbreak and its impacts is now. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821332/ doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.121.24133 id: cord-253898-ajo60spn author: Chirico, Francesco title: “Questionable” peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders date: 2020-06-17 words: 643.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253898-ajo60spn.txt summary: title: "Questionable" peer review in the publishing pandemic during the time of COVID-19: implications for policy makers and stakeholders High-impact journals and publishers have established open-access platforms where researchers can publish reports of innovative responses to COVID-19, along with a range of opinion papers on policy and strategy relevant to the pandemic (3). Moreover, a group of publishers and scholarly communication organizations created a reviewer pool, supported by the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association to "maximize the efficiency of peer review, ensuring that key work related to COVID-19 is reviewed and published as quickly and openly as possible" (4). In this scenario with many ethical challenges, scientific progress could be hampered, allowing predatory journals and scholars to exploit open access and possibly compromise public health and academic integrity. Governments should not just base their decisions related to Chirico et al: "Questionable" peer review during the time of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643350/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.300 id: cord-331130-vr8kczes author: Chirico, Francesco title: Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the “swab” tests date: 2020-05-27 words: 777.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331130-vr8kczes.txt summary: To the Editor-In healthcare settings, including long-term care facilities, hospital administrators have a legal obligation to set up a risk assessment strategy to carry out effective prevention and control measures during the management of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. According to European Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (EU-CDC) guidelines, 1 each hospital should constitute a ''COVID-19 preparedness and response committee'' and should prepare a specific plan, including a number of administrative and structural measures for patient and healthcare management. 2 To minimize the risk of spreading, mass testing with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swab of all patients has been proposed, 2,3 associated with mass testing of both symptomatic and asymptomatic healthcare workers. Indeed, Xie et al 5 observed typical COVID-19 chest lesions via computed tomography (CT) scans in 5 patients with a negative or weakly positive swab test (RT-PCR test). One nosocomial cluster following with a familial cluster of COVID-19 cases: the potential transmission risk in patients with negative swab tests abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.254 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.254 id: cord-341620-nmrkhx5t author: Chirico, Francesco title: Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-20 words: 4577.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341620-nmrkhx5t.txt summary: Therefore, to evaluate the COVID-19 risk associated with the presence of air-conditioning systems, we conducted a rapid review of the literature concerning outbreaks of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environments. We utilized the participants-exposure-comparisons-outcome (PECOS) criteria, and we defined them according to evidence-based practice [32] -P (participants) is human subjects residing in indoor environments, E (exposure) is exposed to air-conditioning systems (HVAC), C (comparisons) is any comparison between the pathogens under study, and O (outcome) is respiratory infection outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, or SARS CoV-2. A retrospective study of on outbreak involving 74 patients in the same hospital indicated that the rapid evaporation of the droplets produced by coughing in a relatively dry, air-conditioned environment, could also induce virus-laden aerosol, which was probably responsible for spreading the infection to patients who were not in the same room [35] . abstract: The airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still debated. The aim of this rapid review is to evaluate the COVID-19 risk associated with the presence of air-conditioning systems. Original studies (both observational and experimental researches) written in English and with no limit on time, on the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses that were associated with outbreaks, were included. Searches were made on PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar databases, and medRxiv. A snowball strategy was adopted to extend the search. Fourteen studies reporting outbreaks of coronavirus infection associated with the air-conditioning systems were included. All studies were carried out in the Far East. In six out the seven studies on SARS, the role of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in the outbreak was indirectly proven by the spatial and temporal pattern of cases, or by airflow-dynamics models. In one report on MERS, the contamination of HVAC by viral particles was demonstrated. In four out of the six studies on SARS-CoV-2, the diffusion of viral particles through HVAC was suspected or supported by computer simulation. In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence of the airborne transmission of coronaviruses in previous Asian outbreaks, and this has been taken into account in the guidelines released by organizations and international agencies for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. However, the technological differences in HVAC systems prevent the generalization of the results on a worldwide basis. The few COVID-19 investigations available do not provide sufficient evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by HVAC systems. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176052 id: cord-255884-0qqg10y4 author: Chiroma, H. title: Early survey with bibliometric analysis on machine learning approaches in controlling coronavirus date: 2020-11-05 words: 13197.0 sentences: 767.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255884-0qqg10y4.txt summary: Therefore, the main goal of this study is to bridge this gap by carrying out an in-depth survey with bibliometric analysis on the adoption of machine-learning-based technologies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective, including an extensive systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis. Moreover, the machine-learning-based algorithm predominantly utilized by researchers in developing the diagnostic tool is CNN mainly from X-rays and CT scan images. We believe that the presented survey with bibliometric analysis can help researchers determine areas that need further development and identify potential collaborators at author, country, and institutional levels to advance research in the focused area of machine learning application for disease control. (2020) proposed a joint model comprising CNN, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron integrated with chest CT scan result and non-image clinical information to predict COVID-19 infection in a patient. abstract: Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe mortality across the globe with the USA as the current epicenter, although the initial outbreak was in Wuhan, China. Many studies successfully applied machine learning to fight the COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective. To the best of the authors knowledge, no comprehensive survey with bibliometric analysis has been conducted on the adoption of machine learning for fighting COVID-19. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to bridge this gap by carrying out an in-depth survey with bibliometric analysis on the adoption of machine-learning-based technologies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic from a different perspective, including an extensive systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis. Methods: A literature survey methodology is applied to retrieve data from academic databases, and a bibliometric technique is subsequently employed to analyze the accessed records. Moreover, the concise summary, sources of COVID-19 datasets, taxonomy, synthesis, and analysis are presented. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is found mainly utilized in developing COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis tools, mostly from chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) scan images. Similarly, a bibliometric analysis of machine-learning-based COVID-19-related publications in Scopus and Web of Science citation indexes is performed. Finally, a new perspective is proposed to solve the challenges identified as directions for future research. We believe that the survey with bibliometric analysis can help researchers easily detect areas that require further development and identify potential collaborators. Results: The findings in this study reveal that machine-learning-based COVID-19 diagnostic tools received the most considerable attention from researchers. Specifically, the analyses of the results show that energy and resources are more dispensed toward COVID-19 automated diagnostic tools, while COVID-19 drugs and vaccine development remain grossly underexploited. Moreover, the machine-learning-based algorithm predominantly utilized by researchers in developing the diagnostic tool is CNN mainly from X-rays and CT scan images. Conclusions: The challenges hindering practical work on the application of machine-learning-based technologies to fight COVID-19 and a new perspective to solve the identified problems are presented in this study. We believe that the presented survey with bibliometric analysis can help researchers determine areas that need further development and identify potential collaborators at author, country, and institutional levels to advance research in the focused area of machine learning application for disease control. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.04.20225698v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225698 id: cord-350823-6pmvftgk author: Chirove, F. title: A model assessing potential benefits of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19: the case of Nigeria date: 2020-09-03 words: 5515.0 sentences: 345.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350823-6pmvftgk.txt summary: Results from simulations revealed that an increase in mass testing and reduction of transmission from isolated individuals are associated with benefits of increasing detected cases, lowering peaks of symptomatic cases, increase in self-isolating cases, decrease in cumulative deaths and decrease in admissions into monitored isolation facilities in the case of Nigeria Our study seeks to assess the potential impact of isolation and mass testing of the population on the transmission of COVID-19 in Nigeria using mathematical modelling approach. Our current work on the dynamics of the novel COVID-19 virus in Nigeria uses a deterministic modelling approach to estimate the potential impact of self and mandatory isolation, and mass testing. We present simulations to assess the potential impact of isolation and mass testing on COVID-19 by fitting the model to cumulative cases in Nigeria. abstract: We consider a model with mass testing and isolation mimicking the current policies implemented in Nigeria and use the Nigerian daily cumulative cases to calibrate the model to obtain the optimal mass testing and isolation levels. Mathematical analysis was done and important thresholds such the peak size relation and final size relation were obtained. Global stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium indicated that COVID-19 can be eradicated provided that $mathcal{R}_0<1$ and unstable otherwise. Results from simulations revealed that an increase in mass testing and reduction of transmission from isolated individuals are associated with benefits of increasing detected cases, lowering peaks of symptomatic cases, increase in self-isolating cases, decrease in cumulative deaths and decrease in admissions into monitored isolation facilities in the case of Nigeria url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186288 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186288 id: cord-296384-cejw22ms author: Chitturi, Kalyan R. title: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 753.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296384-cejw22ms.txt summary: title: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up. 3, 4 Applying the above consensus statement, we describe two cases of severe MR and shock that presented treatment challenges amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. While all elective cases were deferred, in accordance with the consensus statement by ACC and SCAI, we proceeded with transcatheter MV intervention for these two highly selected patients. Triage Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement abstract: Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip (Abbott) is largely an elective procedure. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges to health care systems; in many cases elective interventions have been curtailed. Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and cardiogenic shock are high-risk surgical candidates and at risk of a poor outcome without intervention. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carrev.2020.05.030 doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.05.030 id: cord-321044-pfooy6g3 author: Chiu, Joanne S. title: Kawasaki Disease Features and Myocarditis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 words: 1109.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321044-pfooy6g3.txt summary: A 10-year-old male with prolonged fever, rash, and conjunctivitis presented to the emergency department with concern for Kawasaki disease, found to have myocarditis and PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Despite the increasing prevalence and disease burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is limited understanding of the spectrum of pediatric presentations. This case illustrates the unique presentation of a COVID-19 patient with features of KD and myocarditis, presenting with stable vital signs and a normal ambulatory saturation. To date, there has been one published case of a pediatric COVID-19 patient with concurrent KD without cardiac dysfunction [2] and several case series describing myocarditis as a COVID-19 presentation in the adult population [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . Patients presenting with KD features requiring admission now undergo two PCR COVID-19 tests 24 h apart prior to Cardiac involvement in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: A 10-year-old male with prolonged fever, rash, and conjunctivitis presented to the emergency department with concern for Kawasaki disease, found to have myocarditis and PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00246-020-02393-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542549/ doi: 10.1007/s00246-020-02393-0 id: cord-278068-3kg71nf4 author: Chivese, T. title: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID19 infection date: 2020-07-30 words: 9798.0 sentences: 582.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt summary: Objective To synthesize the findings presented in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as to update the evidence using a meta-analysis in evaluating the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ with or without Azithromycin for the treatment of COVID19 infection. A comprehensive search included several electronic databases in identifying all systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as experimental studies which investigated the efficacy and safety of CQ, HCQ with or without antibiotics as COVID19 treatment. To synthesize the findings presented in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as to update the evidence using a meta-analysis in evaluating the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ with or without Azithromycin for the treatment of COVID19 infection. In this respect, we conducted this umbrella review with two broad aims; (1) to assess the efficacy and safety of each of HCQ and CQ, with or without Azithromycin in the treatment of COVID19 by assessing the evidence from existing systematic reviews and metaanalyses, and (2) to carry out an updated meta-analysis of the existing experimental studies to assess the efficacy of these drugs. abstract: Abstract Background There is an urgent need for an efficacious and safe treatment for COVID19. Several trials testing a variety of therapeutics are on-going. Some in-vitro studies found the anti-malarial drug chloroquine (CQ), and its derivative, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are effective against COVID19. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials in humans have produced conflicting findings on the efficacy and safety of these drugs. Guidelines vary considerably and are hotly debated at political and scientific levels. Therefore, it has become necessary to provide a summary of the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in treating COVID19 infection, using an overview of the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Objective To synthesize the findings presented in systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as to update the evidence using a meta-analysis in evaluating the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ with or without Azithromycin for the treatment of COVID19 infection. Methods The design of this meta-review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Systematic Reviews including harms checklist (PRIO-harms). A comprehensive search included several electronic databases in identifying all systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as experimental studies which investigated the efficacy and safety of CQ, HCQ with or without antibiotics as COVID19 treatment. Manual searches of the reference list of all included studies and a citation search of the top 20 papers supplemented the search. Findings from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses were reported using a structured summary including tables and forest plots. The updated meta-analysis of experimental studies was carried out using the distributional-assumption-free quality effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool for reviews and the MethodologicAl STandard for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale for the experimental studies. The main outcomes for both the meta-review and the updated meta-analysis were; mortality, transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU), intubation or the need for mechanical ventilation, worsening of illness, viral clearance and the occurrence of adverse events. Results A total of 13 reviews with 40 primary studies comprising 113,000 participants were included. Most of the primary studies were observational (n=27) and the rest were experimental studies. Two meta-analyses reported a high risk of mortality with similar ORs of 2.5 for HCQ with Azithromycin. However, four other meta-analyses reported contradictory results with two reporting a high risk of mortality (OR ~ 2.2 to 3.0) and the other two reporting no significant association between HCQ with mortality. Most reviews reported that HCQ with or without Azithromycin had no significant effect on virological cure, disease exacerbation or the risk of transfer to the ICU, need for intubation or mechanical ventilation. After exclusion of studies that did not meet the eligibility criteria, the updated meta-analysis contained eight experimental studies (7 RCTs and 1 quasi-experimental trial), with a total of 5279 participants of whom 1856 were on either CQ/HCQ or combined with Azithromycin. CQ/HCQ with or without Azithromycin was significantly associated with a higher risk of adverse events (RR 5.7, 95%CI 2.4-13.7, I2 =55%, n = 5 studies). HCQ was not effective in reducing mortality (RR 1.0, 95%CI 1.0-1.2, I2 =0%, n=6 studies), transfer to the ICU, intubation or need for mechanical ventilation (RR 1.1, 95%CI 0.9-1.4, I2 =0%, n=3 studies) virological cure (RR 1.0, 95%CI 0.9-1.2, I2 =55%, n=5 studies) nor disease exacerbation (RR 1.2, 95%CI 0.3-5.0, I2 =29%, n=3 studies). Conclusion There is conclusive evidence that CQ and HCQ, with or without Azithromycin are not effective in treating COVID-19 or its exacerbation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.20164012 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20164012 id: cord-336071-t7c0drft author: Chiyomaru, Katsumi title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date: 2020-04-14 words: 1621.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt summary: title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming In this study, therefore, we used a 15 global dataset of COVID-19 cases and global climate databases and comprehensively 16 investigated how climate parameters could contribute to the growth rate of COVID-19 17 cases while statistically controlling for potential confounding effects using spatial 18 analysis. In this study, therefore, we used a 15 global dataset of COVID-19 cases and global climate databases and comprehensively 16 investigated how climate parameters could contribute to the growth rate of COVID-19 17 cases while statistically controlling for potential confounding effects using spatial 18 analysis. The contribution (i.e., non-zero estimate) of each explanatory variable to the growth rate 171 of COVID-19 cases was considered significant when the associated p-value was less than 172 0.05. Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by 352 precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a rapidly spreading worldwide epidemic; thus, it is a global priority to reduce the speed of the epidemic spreading. Several studies predicted that high temperature and humidity could reduce COVID-19 transmission. However, exceptions exist to this observation, further thorough examinations are thus needed for their confirmation. In this study, therefore, we used a global dataset of COVID-19 cases and global climate databases and comprehensively investigated how climate parameters could contribute to the growth rate of COVID-19 cases while statistically controlling for potential confounding effects using spatial analysis. We also confirmed that the growth rate decreased with the temperature; however, the growth rate was affected by precipitation seasonality and warming velocity rather than temperature. In particular, a lower growth rate was observed for a higher precipitation seasonality and lower warming velocity. These effects were independent of population density, human life quality, and travel restrictions. The results indicate that the temperature effect is less important compared to these intrinsic climate characteristics, which might thus be useful for explaining the exceptions. However, the contributions of the climate parameters to the growth rate were moderate; rather, the contribution of travel restrictions in each country was more significant. Although our findings are preliminary owing to data-analysis limitations, they may be helpful when predicting COVID-19 transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 id: cord-338944-3ro3evcc author: Cho, Dae-Chul title: In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 words: 470.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338944-3ro3evcc.txt summary: title: In the Era of COVID-19: The Role of Spine Surgeons at the Epicenter of the Outbreak In case of emergent operations with uninfected patients, spine surgeons should pay special attention to safety to ensure that patients are not infected with the COVID-19 during the stay of the operating room (OR), intensive care unit, and general wards. When operating on COVID-19 infected patients, all efforts are made to minimize exposure to the patient by maintaining as much of a distance as possible, as well as by minimizing medical staff in the OR during the surgery to increase the safety of the operation. During surgery, special attention is necessary to protect the medical staff from the COVID-19 infection using the appropriate PPE. Under usual circumstances, before the era of COVID-19 pandemic, there are sufficient medical resources for spine surgeons to perform surgeries without special considerations. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040244.122 doi: 10.14245/ns.2040244.122 id: cord-332940-vb9ds64o author: Cho, Jiacai title: COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration date: 2020-08-25 words: 525.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332940-vb9ds64o.txt summary: title: COVID‐19 infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration As COVID-19 ravages healthcare systems worldwide, cases of infection among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are increasingly reported. Patient 2 was a 32-year-old Filipino woman with active lupus nephritis who was treated with hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone 30 mg daily. In summary, we report three cases of COVID-19 infection in SLE patients from the Asia Pacific, of which one was fatal. Notably, all three patients had active SLE which required escalation of treatment just before, or during treatment for COVID-19 infection, in contrast to reports from France. COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.13937 doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.13937 id: cord-249256-bd9j1din author: Cho, Jungwoo title: Running the COVID-19 marathon: the behavioral adaptations in mobility and facemask over 27 weeks of pandemic in Seoul, South Korea date: 2020-09-09 words: 3710.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249256-bd9j1din.txt summary: The phase-specific linear models reveal the strong, self-driven mobility reductions in the first escalation and peak with a common focus on public transit use and less-essential weekend/afternoon trips. Mobility intervention has been embraced as one of the most effective and immediate control measures since the early days of COVID-19 pandemic, and universal quarantines such as lockdown and shelter-in-place have shown measurable success. Several recent studies also emphasized the need to understand behavioral aspects and perception changes regarding policy adherence 12 , and the importance of mobility data analyses for a broader understanding of the efficacy of public communication and social distancing interventions 13 . In this paper, we employ data-centric approaches to trace the evolution of mobility behavioral adaptation and its relationship to epidemic progression in Seoul, South Korea for the first 189 days (27 weeks). abstract: Battle with COVID-19 turned out to be a marathon, not a sprint, and behavioral adjustments have been unavoidable to stay viable. In this paper, we employ a data-centric approach to investigate individual mobility adaptations and mask-wearing in Seoul, South Korea. We first identify six epidemic phases and two waves based on COVID-19 case count and its geospatial dispersion. The phase-specific linear models reveal the strong, self-driven mobility reductions in the first escalation and peak with a common focus on public transit use and less-essential weekend/afternoon trips. However, comparable reduction was not present in the second wave, as the shifted focus from mobility to mask-wearing was evident. Although no lockdowns and gentle nudge to wear mask seemed counter-intuitive, simple and persistent communication on personal safety has been effective and sustainable to induce cooperative behavioral adaptations. Our phase-specific analyses and interpretation highlight the importance of targeted response consistent with the fluctuating epidemic risk. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09073v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266878-z7qn80tw author: Cho, Pauline title: COVID 19—An eye on the virus date: 2020-05-31 words: 1441.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266878-z7qn80tw.txt summary: Regarding the use of contact lenses during this period of worldwide infection, mixed messages have emerged from various health sources, making it difficult for practitioners to provide absolute guidance to their patients. In addition, contact lens wearers may experience minor discomfort or irritation more frequently than spectacle wearers [14] , and this in turn increases the chance of the natural response to touch or rub eyes [15] . Practitioners of course, are responsible for impressing upon their patients the importance of good hygiene, but some additional precautions are needed during this time of pandemic. As patients may be unable to visit clinics or practices due to lockdown, it may be advisable for practitioners to contact the parents of all of their orthokeratology patients to alert them about this problem. The COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for contact lens practitioners abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507407/ doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.05.011 id: cord-304321-y177sqee author: Cho, Ryan H. W. title: Pearls of experience for safe and efficient hospital practices in otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery in Hong Kong during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 4375.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304321-y177sqee.txt summary: We hope that our experiences will serve as pearls for otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel working in institutes that serve large numbers of patients every day, particularly with regard to the sharing of clinical and administrative tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2003 outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong, the initial phase of outbreak began in Prince of Wales Hospital with a carrier of coronavirus in a medical ward causing widespread infection to patients and medical staff through the use of nebulizer for bronchodilators which facilitated the transmission of the virus through aerosol spread. Health seminars on COVID-19, which were organized by the infection control team to all hospital staff on daily basis across the whole month, provided a direct platform from which to educate healthcare personnel about the virus, its mode of transmission, the course of the disease, management and the mortality rate. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic originated in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare an official global COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. In Hong Kong, clinicians and other healthcare personnel collaborated closely to combat the outbreak of COVID-19 and minimize the cross-transmission of disease among hospital staff members. In the field of otorhinolaryngology—head and neck surgery (OHNS) and its various subspecialties, contingency plans were required for patient bookings in outpatient clinics, surgeries in operating rooms, protocols in wards and other services. Infected patients may shed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles into their environments via body secretions. Therefore, otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel in this specialty face a high risk of contracting COVID-19 and must remain vigilant when performing examinations and procedures involving the nose and throat. In this article, we share our experiences of the planning and logistics undertaken to provide safe and efficient OHNS practices over the last 2 months, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that our experiences will serve as pearls for otolaryngologists and other healthcare personnel working in institutes that serve large numbers of patients every day, particularly with regard to the sharing of clinical and administrative tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00427-4 doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00427-4 id: cord-032231-7pwy8cyq author: Cho, Sang-Wook (Stanley) title: Quantifying the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Sweden date: 2020-08-29 words: 7514.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032231-7pwy8cyq.txt summary: Using a synthetic control approach, I find that strict initial lockdown measures play an important role in limiting the spread of the COVID-19 infection, as the infection cases in Sweden would have been reduced by almost 75 percent had its policymakers followed stricter containment policies. In the context of this analysis, I swap the setting by assigning treatment to Sweden, where no lockdown was in place, and compare it with a counterfactual designed to capture how the infection rates would have evolved in Sweden had it followed a policy approach (or a mandatory lockdown) similar to that taken by other European countries. Because the RMSPE measures the gap between the variable of interest for the treated country and its synthetic counterpart, we can calculate a set of RMSPE values for the pre-and post-treatment period for all units in the cross-sectional placebo test. abstract: This paper estimates the effect of nonpharmaceutical intervention policies on public health during the COVID-19 outbreak by considering a counterfactual case for Sweden. Using a synthetic control approach, I find that strict initial lockdown measures play an important role in limiting the spread of the COVID-19 infection, as the infection cases in Sweden would have been reduced by almost 75 percent had its policymakers followed stricter containment policies. As people dynamically adjust their behaviour in response to information and policies, the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions becomes visible, with a time lag of around 5 weeks. Supplementary robustness checks and an alternative difference-in-differences framework analysis do not fundamentally alter the main conclusions. Finally, extending the analysis to excess mortality, I find that the lockdown measures would have been associated with a lower excess mortality rate in Sweden by 25 percentage points, with a steep age gradient of 29 percentage points for the most vulnerable elderly cohort. The outcome of this study can assist policymakers in laying out future guidelines to further protect public health, as well as facilitate plans for economic recovery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499505/ doi: 10.1093/ectj/utaa025 id: cord-283340-ksyd5l56 author: Choi, Geun Joo title: The Potential Role of Dyslipidemia in COVID-19 Severity: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews date: 2020-09-21 words: 4949.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283340-ksyd5l56.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. Specifically, we conducted an umbrella review to evaluate the findings of systematic reviews and/or metaanalyses that investigated the relationship of dyslipidemia and severity of COVID-19 infection and to assess the evidence regarding potential limitations and the consistency of findings. The following criteria were applied to identify the articles to be included in the present umbrella review: (1) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses; (2) studies involving adults who tested positive for COVID-19; and (3) studies reporting the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 infection. Two authors (G.J.C. and H.M.K.) independently extracted the outcomes on the relationship of dyslipidemia or non-dyslipidemia and lipid profile with COVID-19 infection severity from the identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. METHODS: In this umbrella review (an overview of systematic reviews), we investigated the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 severity. A systematic search was performed of 4 main electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases) from inception until August 2020. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence for the outcome. In addition, we evaluated the strengths and limitations of the evidence and the methodological quality of the available studies. RESULTS: Out of 35 articles identified, 2 systematic reviews were included in the umbrella review. A total of 7,951 COVID-19-positive patients were included. According to the AMSTAR 2 criteria and GRADE system, the quality of the included studies was not high. A history of dyslipidemia is likely to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection, but the contrary is the case for cholesterol levels at hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Although existing research on dyslipidemia and COVID-19 is limited, our findings suggest that dyslipidemia may play a role in the severity of COVID-19 infection. More adequately powered studies are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020205979 url: https://doi.org/10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.435 doi: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.435 id: cord-274150-ukdha3ap author: Choi, Jun Yong title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-09-03 words: 3163.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274150-ukdha3ap.txt summary: Given its rapid acquisition, convalescent plasma therapy has been considered as an emergency intervention in several pandemics, including the Spanish flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), and West Nile virus, and more recently, Ebola virus [7] [8] [9] . Although large-scale randomized controlled trials have not yet been performed, and most studies did not evaluate neutralizing activities of used convalescent plasma, previous experiences on convalescent plasma therapy for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases provide us with important historical precedents that this intervention might be useful for confronting the COVID-19 epidemics. To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with COVID19 , an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial was performed in seven medical centers in Wuhan, China. Some patients who recover from viral diseases may not have high titers of neutralizing antibodies, which are crucial for the effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy [13, 14] . abstract: Convalescent plasma has been used for decades to prevent and treat a wide range of infectious diseases for which no specific treatment is available. The use of convalescent plasma involves transfusing plasma collected from patients who have recovered from a viral illness, in an attempt to transfer virus-neutralizing antibodies and confer passive immunity. In addition to the antiviral mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies, the immunomodulatory effects of plasma components could have benefits. Several small and large-scale studies have shown the effects of convalescent plasma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to transfusion-related side effects, unexpected side effects such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may occur during convalescent plasma therapy, but early safety studies have not found any cases of ADE among more than 5,000 participants. With historical precedents and recent clinical studies, convalescent plasma therapy should be considered as a candidate therapy for COVID-19 given the limited effectiveness of antiviral drugs and lack of a vaccine. A system to secure safe collection and use of convalescent plasma should be developed as a response to the pandemic. Further clinical trials should be conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy concurrently with its clinical use. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989938/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.3.307 id: cord-336133-kpzjrj15 author: Choi, Kristen R. title: Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak date: 2020-04-15 words: 673.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336133-kpzjrj15.txt summary: title: Nursing and the novel coronavirus: Risks and responsibilities in a global outbreak These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus . Nurses are providing front-line care in the most patient-facing role to complex COVID-19 cases that require hospitalization. As one of the most trusted health professional groups, nurses also play a key role in providing public education on disease prevention and reducing the spread of misinformation around the outbreak. Effects of misleading media coverage on public health crisis: A case of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China abstract: In December of 2019, reports emerged of pneumonia clusters of unknown cause at health facilities in Wuhan, China. These cases were linked to a wet animal wholesale market in the region and, after extensive epidemiologic investigation, led to identification of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). COVID-19 is among a family of viruses-called coronaviruses-that can affect both humans and animals (Zhu et al., 2020). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202336/ doi: 10.1111/jan.14369 id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh author: Choi, Marcelo title: El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver date: 2020-05-27 words: 3334.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt summary: Uno de los temas que ha generado debate se vincula con la asociación entre la terapia antihipertensiva con inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) y la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Para ingresar a las células el coronavirus interactúa, utilizando como receptor, con la ECA2 y serina-proteasas transmembrana de tipo II (TMPRSS2) ubicadas en la superficie celular del huésped (7) . Los estudios clínicos llevados a cabo hasta el día de hoy no han demostrado que existen diferencias entre ambos tratamientos en términos de aumento del riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 o de desarrollo de resultados graves en pacientes con COVID-19 (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) . Si bien existe evidencia in vitro de que el SARS-CoV-2 se une a los receptores ECA2 y que éstos se encuentran aumentados en presencia de IECA o ARA-II, no hay evidencia al momento de que la exposición a estos fármacos facilite la entrada del coronavirus ni que produzcan un mayor riesgo de COVID-19. abstract: Resumen El 31 de diciembre de 2019 se reportó el primer caso de COVID-19 en Wuhan, China, y desde entonces ha habido un interés creciente y sin precedentes por conocer todos los aspectos vinculados con esta nueva enfermedad. Uno de los temas que ha generado debate se vincula con la asociación entre la terapia antihipertensiva con inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) y la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Si bien muchas preguntas siguen hoy día sin poder ser respondidas, la intención de este comunicado es informar a los profesionales de la salud acerca del estado actual de conocimiento. Dado que este es un tema en constante evolución, se recomienda su actualización a medida que se presenten nuevas evidencias. A continuación, daremos revisión a los estudios preclínicos y clínicos que relacionan el coronavirus con el SRAA. Abstract The first case of COVID-19 was reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Ever since there has been unprecedented and growing interest in learning about all aspects of this new disease. Debate has been generated as to the association between antihypertensive therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. While many questions as yet remain unanswered, the aim of this report is to inform health professionals about the current state of knowledge. Because this is an ever-evolving topic, the recommendation is that it be updated as new evidence becomes available. Below, we provide a review of pre-clinical and clinical studies that link coronavirus to the RAAS. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1889183720300568?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.05.005 id: cord-315188-a9pvugjt author: Choi, Min Hyuk title: Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea date: 2020-06-23 words: 4142.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315188-a9pvugjt.txt summary: The following clinical data were collected using electronic medical records: age at diagnosis, sex, signs and symptoms, date of symptom onset, date of hospital admission, date of discharge or transfer, Charlson comorbidity index [16] , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status [17] , Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age (MuLBSTA) score [18] , pneumonia severity index [19] , Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure plus age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65) [20] , respiratory support, and treatment agents administered before and during hospitalization. After PS matching, prior history of drug use, including ibuprofen, ARB, DPP4i, was not statistically different between patients in the progression and improvement/stabilization groups. Before matching, the proportion of patients reporting prior use of these drugs was significantly greater in the progression group; however, after adjusting for 10 confounding variables, including underlying comorbidities, there was no significant difference between patients with and without these medication histories. abstract: A rapid increase in the number of patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may overwhelm the available medical resources. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for disease severity in the early stages of COVID-19. The cohort comprised 293 patients with COVID-19 from 5 March 2020, to 18 March 2020. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) classification system was used to triage patients. The clinical course was summarized, including the impact of drugs (angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARB], ibuprofen, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors [DPP4i]) and the therapeutic effect of lopinavir/ritonavir. After adjusting for confounding variables, prior history of drug use, including ARB, ibuprofen, and DPP4i was not a risk factor associated with disease progression. Patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir had significantly shorter progression-free survival than those not receiving lopinavir/ritonavir. KCDC classification I clearly distinguished the improvement/stabilization group from the progression group of COVID-19 patients (AUC 0.817; 95% CI, 0.740–0.895). url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061959 doi: 10.3390/jcm9061959 id: cord-317624-qdzhncs0 author: Choi, Min Joo title: Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study date: 2020-10-27 words: 4287.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt summary: METHODS: Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. This study aimed to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on the viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases using South Korea''s National Health J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Among these, only mild-to-moderate grade 1 patients were included in the analysis, and the effect of LPV/r or HCQ use on viral shedding duration was evaluated ( Figure 1 ). In the previous studies including mild COVID-19 patients in CTCs, the mean viral shedding duration from symptom onset was 21-24.5 days, which is longer than the results of our control group , Noh et al., 2020 . abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. After propensity score matching (PSM), multivariate analysis was conducted to determine statistically significant risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding. RESULTS: Overall, 4,197 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were included. Patients were categorized into three groups: LPV/r (n = 1,268), HCQ (n = 801), and standard care without HCQ or LPV/r (controls, n = 2128). The median viral shedding duration was 23 (IQR 17–32), 23 (IQR 16–32), and 18 (IQR 12–25) days in the LPV/r, HCQ, and control groups, respectively. Even after PSM, the viral shedding duration was not significantly different between LPV/r and HCQ groups: 23 (IQR, 17–32) days versus 23 (IQR, 16–32) days. On multivariate analysis, old age, malignancy, steroid use, and concomitant pneumonia were statistically significant risk factors for prolonged viral shedding. CONCLUSION: The viral shedding duration was similar between HCQ and LPV/r treatment groups. There was no benefit in improving viral clearance compared to the control group. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220322669?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.062 id: cord-264811-xbeipob9 author: Choi, Yongin title: Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach date: 2020-10-14 words: 6319.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264811-xbeipob9.txt summary: This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios. abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred all over the world between 2019 and 2020. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been more than 21 million incidences and 761 thousand casualties worldwide as of 16 August 2020. One of the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 is that its symptoms and fatality rates vary with the ages of the infected individuals. This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. We developed an age-structured mathematical model for describing the age-dependent dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Korea. We estimated the model parameters and computed the reproduction number using the actual epidemiological data reported from 1 February to 15 June 2020. We then divided the data into seven distinct periods depending on the intensity of social distancing implemented by the Korean government. By using a contact matrix to describe the contact patterns between ages, we investigated the potential effect of social distancing under various scenarios. We discovered that when the intensity of social distancing is reduced, the number of COVID-19 cases increases; the number of incidences among the age groups of people 60 and above increases significantly more than that of the age groups below the age of 60. This significant increase among the elderly groups poses a severe threat to public health because the incidence of severe cases and fatality rates of the elderly group are much higher than those of the younger groups. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain strict social distancing rules to reduce infected cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066581/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207474 id: cord-263552-6qhb02l2 author: Chokroverty, Sudhansu title: The Many Faces and Fangs of COVID-19: An Editorial date: 2020-06-05 words: 820.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263552-6qhb02l2.txt summary: There 159 is, however, no room for personal or political advantages in our quest for scientific progress in 160 our understanding of the pathogenesis, the natural evolution of the clinical picture, 161 epidemiological pathway as well as finding an effective vaccine and therapy for COVID19. Association of public health interventions with the 187 epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in 189 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel 191 coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases 193 of 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study First 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 198 (COVID-19) in the United States Survey of insomnia and related social, psychological factors among 217 medical staff involved with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with 224 coronavirus disease-2019 in abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1389945720302690 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.006 id: cord-272137-enfxk1ku author: Choo, Esther K title: COVID-19 fault lines date: 2020-04-23 words: 856.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272137-enfxk1ku.txt summary: Within any hospital''s emergency room, the fault lines of society are barely concealed. No one would think to provide the luxury of sufficient space and staff to, say, enable the kind of social distancing space between occupants that is recommended in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The city of Las Vegas infamously turned a parking lot into a sleeping area after a homeless shelter closed due to a case of COVID-19, marking squares on the bare ground to enforce social distancing. But in other places, hospitals are admitting stable patients with COVID-19 to avoid discharging them to the street, or hotel rooms and trailers have materialised as extra shelter. Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA chooe@ohsu.edu @choo_ek The Penumbra COVID-19 fault lines Interim guidance for homeless service providers to plan and respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30812-6 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30812-6 id: cord-260674-a0ejus6m author: Chopra, Sakshi title: Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours- a cross-sectional audit of responses from nine hundred and ninety-five participants from India date: 2020-10-06 words: 4290.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260674-a0ejus6m.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behaviour, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the general population to assess the impact of COVID-19 on daily lifestyle-related practices such as dietary, activity and sleep pattern using a validated questionnaire. The electronic survey questionnaire was designed to assess changes in multiple lifestyle-related behaviors such as eating, physical activity, sleep and other health related behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak. Part A (A1 to A24) assesses the baseline lifestylerelated behaviours and Part B (B1 to B24) evaluates changes in different lifestyle related behaviors such as eating habits, physical activity and sleep pattern during the pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of measures taken to contain COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviour is undefined in Indian population. The current study was undertaken to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating, physical activity and sleep behaviour. METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional web-based survey. A validated questionnaire to assess the changes in lifestyle-related behaviour was administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. RESULTS: A total of 995 responses (58.5% male, mean age 33.3 years) were collected. An improvement in healthy meal consumption pattern and a restriction of unhealthy food items was observed, especially in the younger population (age <30 years). A reduction in physical activity coupled with an increase in daily screen time was found especially among men and in upper-socio-economic strata. Quarantine induced stress and anxiety showed an increase by a unit in nearly one-fourth of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behaviour, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. Mental health was also adversely affected. A detailed understanding of these factors can help to develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.034 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.034 id: cord-305497-rlxrn3ap author: Chorin, Ehud title: QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin date: 2020-05-12 words: 1622.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305497-rlxrn3ap.txt summary: title: QT Interval Prolongation and Torsade De Pointes in Patients with COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin However, while the true efficacy of this regimen is unknown, initial reports have raised concerns regarding the potential risk of QT prolongation and induction of torsade de pointes (TdP). However, HY and AZ have each been independently shown to increase the risk for QT interval prolongation, drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) [5] [6] [7] [8] . Azithromycin, cardiovascular risks, QTc interval prolongation, torsade de pointes, and regulatory issues: A narrative review based on the study of case reports Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no known effective therapy for patients with COVID-19. Initial reports suggesting the potential benefit of Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin (HY/AZ) have resulted in massive adoption of this combination worldwide. However, while the true efficacy of this regimen is unknown, initial reports have raised concerns regarding the potential risk of QT prolongation and induction of torsade de pointes (TdP). OBJECTIVE: to assess the change in QTc interval and arrhythmic events in patients with COVID-19 treated with HY/AZ METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 251 patients from two centers, diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated with HY/AZ. We reviewed ECG tracings from baseline and until 3 days after completion of therapy to determine the progression of QTc and incidence of arrhythmia and mortality. RESULTS: QTc prolonged in parallel with increasing drug exposure and incompletely shortened after its completion. Extreme new QTc prolongation to > 500 ms, a known marker of high risk for TdP had developed in 23% of patients. One patient developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) suspected as TdP, requiring emergent cardioversion. Seven patients required premature termination of therapy. The baseline QTc of patients exhibiting extreme QTc prolongation was normal. CONCLUSION: The combination of HY/AZ significantly prolongs the QTc in patients with COVID-19. This prolongation may be responsible for life threating arrhythmia in the form of TdP. This risk mandates careful consideration of HY/AZ therapy in lights of its unproven efficacy. Strict QTc monitoring should be performed if the regimen is given. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.014 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.014 id: cord-274268-0ucqp3uz author: Chorus, Caspar title: Diabolical dilemmas of COVID-19: An empirical study into Dutch society’s trade-offs between health impacts and other effects of the lockdown date: 2020-09-16 words: 7804.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274268-0ucqp3uz.txt summary: While our study is confined to the Dutch society, and we acknowledge that countries differ widely in terms of their culture, the actions taken by their governments and preferences towards COVID-19 policies [11, 12] , we nonetheless observe that in many other countries, debates are raging that are similar to the one being held in the Netherlands; take for example the heated exchange in the United States of America (e.g., [14] ) between governor Cuomo of New York who emphasizes that avoiding fatalities takes priority and that one cannot weigh a human live against the economic impact of the lockdown, versus president Trump who is keen to re-open the economy and professes that the cure cannot be worse than the disease. This paper presented the results of an empirical study into Dutch society''s preferences of COVID-19 related government policies, specifically in terms of the weights attached to various impact-dimensions of such policies. abstract: We report and interpret preferences of a sample of the Dutch adult population for different strategies to end the so-called ‘intelligent lockdown’ which their government had put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a discrete choice experiment, we invited participants to make a series of choices between policy scenarios aimed at relaxing the lockdown, which were specified not in terms of their nature (e.g. whether or not to allow schools to re-open) but in terms of their effects along seven dimensions. These included health-related effects, but also impacts on the economy, education, and personal income. From the observed choices, we were able to infer the implicit trade-offs made by the Dutch between these policy effects. For example, we find that the average citizen, in order to avoid one fatality directly or indirectly related to COVID-19, is willing to accept a lasting lag in the educational performance of 18 children, or a lasting (>3 years) and substantial (>15%) reduction in net income of 77 households. We explore heterogeneity across individuals in terms of these trade-offs by means of latent class analysis. Our results suggest that most citizens are willing to trade-off health-related and other effects of the lockdown, implying a consequentialist ethical perspective. Somewhat surprisingly, we find that the elderly, known to be at relatively high risk of being affected by the virus, are relatively reluctant to sacrifice economic pain and educational disadvantages for the younger generation, to avoid fatalities. We also identify a so-called taboo trade-off aversion amongst a substantial share of our sample, being an aversion to accept morally problematic policies that simultaneously imply higher fatality numbers and lower taxes. We explain various ways in which our results can be of value to policy makers in the context of the COVID-19 and future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32936815/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238683 id: cord-276592-dsilwfl1 author: Chou, Calvin L title: How COVID-19 Disrupts—and Enhances—My Clinical Work date: 2020-04-08 words: 1381.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276592-dsilwfl1.txt summary: Now, in this new era of attention to hand hygiene and social distancing, I paranoically and abashedly attempt to reproduce the sterile technique I learned from my days in the basic science lab, expanding my alcohol wiping to doorknobs and surfaces throughout the medical center-indeed, to any possible hideout of renegade coronavirus. I have to remind myself to begin each virtual encounter with a warm hello, an explicitly stated wish that we could be meeting in person, a sound and lighting check, and a brief check-in with the patient about how they are coping with current public health recommendations. With this intentional centering, which takes a bit more effort than usual, I can hear that most of my patients describe anxiety about what they could or should do, and this response leads to prioritizing that concern on the list of topics that we collaboratively generate. He assents, and I ask, "What do you know of social distancing?" He says, "To tell you the truth, it doesn''t make a lot of sense. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520918739 doi: 10.1177/2374373520918739 id: cord-309650-6xz9gjq0 author: Chou, Roger title: Update Alert 4: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers date: 2020-09-11 words: 1472.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309650-6xz9gjq0.txt summary: Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China Dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity and seroprevalence among high-risk health care workers and hospital staff Risk factors of healthcare workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915642/ doi: 10.7326/l20-1134 id: cord-253214-ypt2s8ek author: Choudhary, Bharat title: Management Concern for Non-COVID Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-04 words: 404.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253214-ypt2s8ek.txt summary: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has released guidelines for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing in India and has been updating it frequently. The current version (April 9, 2020) [1] focusses on symptoms of COVID-19 infection and any epidemiological link (either foreign travel history, direct contact of COVID-19 patient, health worker or if patient coming from hot spot area) to maximize the sensitivity of the screening criteria. Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is one of the criteria in the ICMR COVID-19 screening guidelines and it includes the presence of fever and cough and/ or respiratory distress [1] , though certain additional symptoms have subsequently been added [2] . Moreover, respiratory problems are common in children, and many non-COVID-19 conditions could manifest as respiratory distress even in this COVID-19 pandemic. It may also lead to delay in management of non-COVID conditions, since many facilities are not available for children in common isolation area. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366727/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1874-y id: cord-298676-8wm95ghd author: Choudhery, Mahmood S title: Stem Cell Therapy for Covid‐19: Possibilities and Challenges date: 2020-08-07 words: 2132.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298676-8wm95ghd.txt summary: As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for Covid‐19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. Considering initial promising results in a small group of critically ill covid-19 patients, a number of clinical trials have been registered using MSCs (Table 1 -3). These stem cell-based trials for Covid-19 will evaluate different sources, numbers, and patient groups for treatment. As there is limited available data regarding stem cell use for Covid-19 patients, the review has discussed a number of relevant implications imperative for understanding the logic, associated mechanisms and relevant problems for a successful stem cell therapy for Covid-19. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy of inflammatory lung diseases: current understanding and future perspectives Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID -19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients abstract: Since its eruption in China, novel coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) has been reported in most of the countries and territories (>200) of the world with ~ 18 million confirmed cases (as of August 3, 2020). In most of the countries, Covid‐19 upsurge is uncontrolled with a significant mortality rate. Currently no treatment effective for Covid‐19 is available in the form of vaccines or antiviral drugs and patients are currently treated symptomatically. Although majority of the patients develop mild symptoms and recover without mechanical ventilation for respiratory management, severe respiratory illness develops in a significant portion of affected patients and may result in death. While the scientific community is working to develop vaccines and drugs against Covid‐19 pandemic, novel alternative therapies may reduce mortality rate. Recent use of stem cells for critically ill Covid‐19 patients in a small group of patients in China and subsequent Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of stem cells by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to GIOSTAR (Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research) and Athersys has created excitement among medical community. As a result, several clinical trials have been registered using stem cells for Covid‐19 treatment that aim to use different cell sources, dosage and importantly diverse targeted patient groups. In this brief review the possibilities of stem cell use in Covid‐19 patients and relevant challenges in their use have been discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11440 doi: 10.1002/cbin.11440 id: cord-300997-z903uyht author: Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim title: An Invited Commentary on “The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic” date: 2020-05-19 words: 748.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300997-z903uyht.txt summary: • This is an insightful perspective from surgeons working in Italy and the USA on the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of surgeons. • Surgeons have so far been side-lined to supportive roles in this crisis and the focus has been on emergency and intensive care. • Re-establishment of Elective surgery will focus initially on cancer patients that have been delayed. This perspective from experienced surgeons working in the USA and Italy will mirror conversations being held in theatres, healthcare offices and surgical management meetings across the world. The surgical challenges to this point have been relatively straightforward -cancelling almost all elective activity, telemedicine clinics, moth-balling endoscopy services, emergency Much of this perspective looks at the challenges of re-establishing elective surgical services. Most countries have seen reduced emergency patient activity during the pandemic and a rebound surge in demand is likely as work, travel and sport resume. The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: • This is an insightful perspective from surgeons working in Italy and the USA on the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of surgeons. • Surgeons have so far been side-lined to supportive roles in this crisis and the focus has been on emergency and intensive care. • Elective surgical activity has been largely cancelled and invasive investigations such as endoscopy have been abandoned. Emergency surgery is occurring as open procedures (rather than laparoscopic) where conservative management is not an option. • Re-establishment of Elective surgery will focus initially on cancer patients that have been delayed. Specialties, countries, and regions will differ in their approach depending on their local infrastructure and resources. • Altered healthcare seeking behaviours have led to a reduction in emergency activity and there may be a rebound surge in demand later on. • Trainees have had their training put on hold, many will inevitably require an extension to their training. • The on-going role of the surgical community in the post COVID-19 era will be a hotly debated topic going forwards. • We thank Roberto Verzaro and Seigo Nishida for their perspective. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120304295?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.046 id: cord-263064-n4c0m5hn author: Choudhury, Ivana title: COVID-19 as a Possible Cause of Functional Exhaustion of CD4 and CD8 T-cells and Persistent Cause of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia date: 2020-07-04 words: 2242.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263064-n4c0m5hn.txt summary: We report a case of a 73-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia who recently completed an extended intravenous course of cefazolin eight days back, and presented with MSSA bacteremia complicated by epidural abscess, endocarditis, and aortic root abscess. A 73-year-old male recently treated for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia secondary to presumed source of non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (completed a six weeks course of intravenous (IV) cefazolin eight days ago, negative transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)) presented to our emergency department with lower back pain with extension to the left flank region, urinary incontinence, and an altered mental status. For a patient with MSSA bacteremia and COVID-19, such as ours, CD4 and CD8 Tcell functional exhaustion may be why our patient required an extended course of IV antibiotic therapy. Our patient presented with a recurrent and persistent MSSA bacteremia and osteomyelitis, complicated by a spinal epidural abscess, bioprosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic root abscess despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. abstract: We report a case of a 73-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia who recently completed an extended intravenous course of cefazolin eight days back, and presented with MSSA bacteremia complicated by epidural abscess, endocarditis, and aortic root abscess. Meanwhile, the patient was tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Even with aggressive antibiotic treatment, the patient remained bacteremic and developed endocarditis with a worsening aortic root abscess. We suspect coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a cause for the infectious paradox and will discuss the possible mechanisms in this case report. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9000 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9000 id: cord-348755-2g5gi1du author: Chow, D. S. title: Development and External Validation of a Prognostic Tool for COVID-19 Critical Disease date: 2020-05-11 words: 2858.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348755-2g5gi1du.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to develop and externally validate a prognostic model/clinical tool for predicting COVID-19 critical disease at presentation to medical care. 21 This study describes the development and external validation of a multivariate regression model and associated clinical tool to predict risk of COVID-19 critical disease, presented utilizing All rights reserved. For the derivation cohort, a total of 3,208 COVID-19 tests were conducted over the study period, After feature selection, the following factors associated with greatest increased risk of critical disease were used in model training: age, gender, total number of comorbidities (which included cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity), BMI, respiratory All rights reserved. In this study, we developed and externally validated a predictive model and clinical tool that can be used to prognosticate the likelihood of COVID-19 critical disease based on data available early in a patient''s presentation. abstract: Background: The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed significant constraints in critical care capacity. In anticipation of subsequent waves, reliable prediction of disease severity is essential for critical care capacity management and may enable earlier targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to develop and externally validate a prognostic model/clinical tool for predicting COVID-19 critical disease at presentation to medical care. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a prognostic model for the prediction of COVID-19 critical disease where critical disease was defined as ICU admission, ventilation, and/or death. The derivation cohort was used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model. Covariates included patient comorbidities, presenting vital signs, and laboratory values. Model performance was assessed on the validation cohort by concordance statistics. The model was developed with consecutive patients with COVID-19 who presented to University of California Irvine Medical Center in Orange County, California. External validation was performed with a random sample of patients with COVID-19 at Emory Healthcare in Atlanta, Georgia. Results: Of a total 3208 patients tested in the derivation cohort, 9% (299/3028) were positive for COVID-19. Clinical data including past medical history and presenting laboratory values were available for 29% (87/299) of patients (median age, 48 years [range, 21-88 years]; 64% [36/55] male). The most common comorbidities included obesity (37%, 31/87), hypertension (37%, 32/87), and diabetes (24%, 24/87). Critical disease was present in 24% (21/87). After backward stepwise selection, the following factors were associated with greatest increased risk of critical disease: number of comorbidities, body mass index, respiratory rate, white blood cell count, % lymphocytes, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, high sensitivity troponin I, ferritin, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein. Of a total of 40 patients in the validation cohort (median age, 60 years [range, 27-88 years]; 55% [22/40] male), critical disease was present in 65% (26/40). Model discrimination in the validation cohort was high (concordance statistic: 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.87-1.01). A web-based tool was developed to enable clinicians to input patient data and view likelihood of critical disease. Conclusions and Relevance: We present a model which accurately predicted COVID-19 critical disease risk using comorbidities and presenting vital signs and laboratory values, on derivation and validation cohorts from two different institutions. If further validated on additional cohorts of patients, this model/clinical tool may provide useful prognostication of critical care needs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20093435 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093435 id: cord-349297-de6vwlh5 author: Chow, D. S. title: The disproportionate rise in COVID-19 cases among Hispanic/Latinx in disadvantaged communities of Orange County, California: A socioeconomic case-series date: 2020-05-07 words: 3538.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349297-de6vwlh5.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to describe race-ethnic and socioeconomic disparities associated with COVID-19 in patients in our community in Orange County, California and understand the role of individual-level factors, neighborhood-level factors, and access to care on outcomes. The pattern of race-ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes emerging throughout the United States begs the question of what social factors may influence a highly transmissible, rapidly spreading novel coronavirus. We observed significant disparities in race-ethnic distribution among COVID-19 cases with noncritical and critical disease when compared to county demographics ( Figure 5 ). While recent epidemiologic reports on COVID-19 have observed disparities in incidence, morbidity, and mortality among underserved and minority populations, including the Hispanic/Latinx community, there remains a poor understanding about which social determinants may contribute to these disparities. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20090878 doi: medRxiv preprint 11 COVID-19 cases who live in dense households and low-income communities highlights the importance of understanding community-level factors during a pandemic. abstract: Background: Recent epidemiological evidence has demonstrated a higher rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths among minorities. This pattern of race-ethnic disparities emerging throughout the United States raises the question of what social factors may influence spread of a highly transmissible novel coronavirus. The purpose of this study is to describe race-ethnic and socioeconomic disparities associated with COVID-19 in patients in our community in Orange County, California and understand the role of individual-level factors, neighborhood-level factors, and access to care on outcomes. Methods: This is a case-series of COVID-19 patients from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) across six-weeks between 3/12/2020 and 4/22/2020. Note, California's shelter-in-place order began on 3/19/2020. Individual-level factors included race-ethnicity status were recorded. Neighborhood-level factors from census tracts included median household income, mean household size, proportion without a college degree, proportion working from home, and proportion without health insurance were also recorded. Results: A total of 210-patients tested were COVID-19 positive, of which 73.3% (154/210) resided in Orange County. Hispanic/Latinx patients residing in census tracts below the median income demonstrated exponential growth (rate = 55.9%, R2 = 0.9742) during the study period. In addition, there was a significant difference for both race-ethnic (p < 0.001) and income bracket (p = 0.001) distributions prior to and after California's shelter-in-place. In addition, the percentage of individuals residing in neighborhoods with denser households (p = 0.046), lower levels of college graduation (p < 0.001), health insurance coverage (p = 0.01), and ability to work from home (p < 0.001) significantly increased over the same timeframe. Conclusions and Relevance: Our study examines the race-ethnic disparities in Orange County, CA, and highlights vulnerable populations that are at increased risk for contracting COVID-19. Our descriptive case series illustrates that we also need to consider socioeconomic factors, which ultimately set the stage for biological and social disparities. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.04.20090878v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20090878 id: cord-295681-l414z6gc author: Chow, Justin title: Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) date: 2020-04-08 words: 2574.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295681-l414z6gc.txt summary: COVID-19 has been associated with cardiovascular complications including acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic abstract: COVID-19 has been associated with cardiovascular complications including acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The role of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in the event of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular collapse has not yet been established. We reviewed existing literature surrounding the role of VA-ECMO in the treatment of coronavirus-related cardiovascular collapse. COVID-19 is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular complications compared to previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). We found only one case report from China where COVID-19-associated fulminant myocarditis and cardiogenic shock (CS) was successfully rescued using VA-ECMO as a bridge to recovery (BTR). We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. Additional considerations and proposed recommendations specific to the COVID-19 pandemic were formulated with guidance from published data and expert consensus. A small subset of patients with cardiovascular complications from COVID-19 infection may progress to refractory CS. Accepting that resource scarcity may be the overwhelming concern for healthcare systems during this pandemic, VA-ECMO can be considered in highly selected cases of refractory CS and echocardiographic evidence of biventricular failure. The decision to initiate this therapy should take into consideration availability of resources, perceived benefit as well as risks of transmitting disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589790X20300433 doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.04.003 id: cord-262945-zfcz0hpd author: Chow, Lai Chee title: Thrombosis and Bleeding as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection with Polycythemia Vera. A Case Report date: 2020-10-04 words: 2047.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262945-zfcz0hpd.txt summary: In this case report, we describe our first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis and bleeding in a patient with polycythemia vera. We report a case of an elderly patient with underlying polycythemia vera, diagnosed This with COVID-19 pneumonia which was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis. We describe a case of cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19 infection with underlying polycythemia vera a b Fig. 1 a Axial non-contrast-enhanced CT showed ill-defined hypodensities at both basal ganglia and thalami, predominantly on the left, suggestive of the venous infarct. Retrospectively, the patient should have been started on low molecular weight heparin while she was hospitalized based on prothrombotic tendencies of both coronavirus infection and polycythemia vera [11] . COVID-19 infection in a patient with polycythemia vera may present with bleeding and thrombotic manifestations. It can also be used to monitor response to treatment of thrombosis in polycythemia vera patients in the context of COVID-19 infection. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. In this case report, we describe our first case of COVID-19 pneumonia that was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis and bleeding in a patient with polycythemia vera. Madam A, a 72-year-old lady with polycythemia vera, ischemic stroke, hemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 pneumonia. She was treated with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir as per hospital protocol. She continued taking hydroxyurea and aspirin for her treatment of polycythemia vera. Subsequently, she developed rectal bleeding when her platelet count was 1247 × 10(3)/μl, even though she was not on an anticoagulant. Her aspirin was withheld. One week later, she was readmitted to the hospital for cerebral venous thrombosis and her D-dimer was 2.02 μg/ml. She was commenced on a therapeutic dose of low molecular weight heparin. Following that, her D-dimer level showed a decreasing trend and normalized upon her discharge. Patients with polycythemia vera are prone to develop thrombotic and bleeding complications. Management of this group of patients has become more complex with COVID-19 infection. It is crucial for us to decide when to start an anticoagulant especially when there is a history of recent bleeding. We need to balance the risks of further bleeding versus potentially fatal thrombotic events. Studies have shown that D-dimer can be used as a clinical marker to predict thrombotic events in COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 infection and polycythemia vera will benefit from both pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and close monitoring for bleeding. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00537-0 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00537-0 id: cord-352937-htmp0avc author: Chow, Velda Ling Yu title: Recommendations for surgical management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-13 words: 2359.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352937-htmp0avc.txt summary: Comprehensive preoperative work‐up, careful patient selection, attention to details perioperation and multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring optimal outcomes after salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. In accordance with that suggested by the hospital infection control unit, if resources allow, patients should be quarantined in hospital 14 days prior to surgery followed by two sets of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for nucleic acid sequence homology in nasopharyngeal and throat swabs taken 24 hours apart. However, when performing AGP for unknown, suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients, WHO, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and CHP recommend full barrier protection to avoid disease transmission to health care providers. However, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, outpatient services and endoscopy services have been reduced by 60% and 80% respectively to minimize social contact, conserve PPE, and reduce the risk of viral transmission amongst patients and health care providers. Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic in southern parts of China including Hong Kong. Primary treatment entails radiotherapy ± chemotherapy depending on disease stage at presentation. Surgery is offered as a means of salvage for persistent and recurrent disease. Comprehensive preoperative work‐up, careful patient selection, attention to details perioperation and multidisciplinary approach is essential in ensuring optimal outcomes after salvage surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Since the COVID‐19 outbreak, we are faced with unprecedented challenges with priorities of care and resources being shifted to combat the virus. These include patient selection and timing of treatment, while preventing disease transmission to heath care providers. Practices and recommendations made in this document are intended to support safe clinical practice and efficient use of resources during this challenging time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32596489/ doi: 10.1002/lio2.417 id: cord-350919-by4zwniq author: Chowdhuri, Indrajit title: Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India date: 2020-07-28 words: 2697.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350919-by4zwniq.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM10), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. On the other hand, the concentration of NO 2 on the troposphere has a major effect on J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Although different studies have included a lockdown impact on improving air quality in urban areas, changes in air quality and air pollutants and the impact on the climate of microregions such as megacities have not yet been discussed. And to compare the pre-monsoon cloud-lightning activities affecting these air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown period and some pre-lockdown periods in the Kolkata megacity area. abstract: Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 has now created the largest pandemic and the World health organization (WHO) has declared social distancing as the key precaution to confront such type of infections. Most of the countries have taken protective measures by the nationwide lockdown. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM10), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. After the strict lockdown the pollutants rate has reduced by more than 40% from the pre-lockdown period in the Kolkata megacity. So, decreases of PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and AC have a greater effect on cloud lightning flashes in the pre-monsoon period. In the previous year (2019), the pre-monsoon average result shows a strong positive relation between the lightning and air pollutants; PM10 (R2 = 0.63), NO2 (R2 = 0.63), SO2 (R2 = 0.76), O3 (R2 = 0.68) and AC (R2 = 0.83). The association was relatively low during the lock-down period (pre-monsoon 2020) and the R2 values were 0.62, 0.60, 0.71, 0.64 and 0.80 respectively. Another thing is that the pre-monsoon (2020) lightning strikes decreased by 49.16% compared to the average of previous years (2010 to 2019). The overall study shows that the reduction of surface pollution in the thunderstorm environment is strongly related to the reduction of lightning activity where PM10 and AC are the key pollutants in the Kolkata megacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32771791/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321 id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 words: 6821.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt summary: But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe ''physical distancing'', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities'' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India''s Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped ''turn the tide'' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide ''stay in shelter'' or ''shelter in place'' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. abstract: Reviewing selected policy responses in Asia and South America, this paper draws pragmatic lessons for developing countries to better address the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that not acting quickly and adequately incurs much higher costs. So-called ‘best practices’, while useful, may be inappropriate, especially if not complemented by effective and suitable socio-economic measures. Public understanding, support and cooperation, not harsh and selective enforcement of draconian measures, are critical for successful implementation of containment strategies. This requires inclusive and transparent policy-making, and well-coordinated and accountable government actions that build and maintain trust between citizens and government. In short, addressing the pandemic crisis needs ‘all of government’ and ‘whole of society’ approaches under credible leadership. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653449/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00256-y id: cord-164374-d3zojh1g author: Chowdhury, Aritra title: Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages date: 2020-08-22 words: 4582.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-164374-d3zojh1g.txt summary: title: Symbolic Semantic Segmentation and Interpretation of COVID-19 Lung Infections in Chest CT volumes based on Emergent Languages Inspired by human communication of complex ideas through language, we propose a symbolic framework based on emergent languages for the segmentation of COVID-19 infections in CT scans of lungs. We propose a symbolic, game theoretic approach based on emergent languages to understand segmentation outputs in the context of lung infections in chest CT scans. We show, how we can significantly improve the performance of deep learning based segmentation networks by incorporating a symbolic layer that generates emergent language sentences. In this section, we detail relevant work in the area of segmentation of CT, medical image analysis of COVID-19 data, Emergent Languages and model interpretability in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) Therefore, we consider our symbolic semantic segmentation framework to provide a different paradigm of deep learning based segmentation, where we use the emergent symbolic language to understand and interpret the models with respect to the inputs and outputs. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in a pandemic crippling the a breadth of services critical to daily life. Segmentation of lung infections in computerized tomography (CT) slices could be be used to improve diagnosis and understanding of COVID-19 in patients. Deep learning systems lack interpretability because of their black box nature. Inspired by human communication of complex ideas through language, we propose a symbolic framework based on emergent languages for the segmentation of COVID-19 infections in CT scans of lungs. We model the cooperation between two artificial agents - a Sender and a Receiver. These agents synergistically cooperate using emergent symbolic language to solve the task of semantic segmentation. Our game theoretic approach is to model the cooperation between agents unlike Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The Sender retrieves information from one of the higher layers of the deep network and generates a symbolic sentence sampled from a categorical distribution of vocabularies. The Receiver ingests the stream of symbols and cogenerates the segmentation mask. A private emergent language is developed that forms the communication channel used to describe the task of segmentation of COVID infections. We augment existing state of the art semantic segmentation architectures with our symbolic generator to form symbolic segmentation models. Our symbolic segmentation framework achieves state of the art performance for segmentation of lung infections caused by COVID-19. Our results show direct interpretation of symbolic sentences to discriminate between normal and infected regions, infection morphology and image characteristics. We show state of the art results for segmentation of COVID-19 lung infections in CT. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09866v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3 author: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman title: Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-10-03 words: 2318.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt summary: This is the first study that has endeavoured to explore the design and fabrication of an antiviral face mask using licorice root extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhizin (GL). Theoretical estimation signifies that an 85 L/min rate of airflow through the face mask is possible which ensures good breathability over an extensive range of pressure drops and pore sizes. Finally, it can be concluded that licorice root membrane may be used to produce a biobased face mask to control COVID-19 spread. No study on the development of biobased face masks using licorice root membrane was found in the literature. In this paper, we have proposed the potential of the licorice root membrane as a nanofiber that can be used in the production of a face mask. abstract: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has led to nationwide lockdowns in many countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has played serious havoc on economic activities throughout the world. Researchers are immensely curious about how to give the best protection to people before a vaccine becomes available. The coronavirus spreads principally through saliva droplets. Thus, it would be a great opportunity if the virus spread could be controlled at an early stage. The face mask can limit virus spread from both inside and outside the mask. This is the first study that has endeavoured to explore the design and fabrication of an antiviral face mask using licorice root extract, which has antimicrobial properties due to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhizin (GL). An electrospinning process was utilized to fabricate nanofibrous membrane and virus deactivation mechanisms discussed. The nanofiber mask material was characterized by SEM and airflow rate testing. SEM results indicated that the nanofibers from electrospinning are about 15-30 μm in diameter with random porosity and orientation which have the potential to capture and kill the virus. Theoretical estimation signifies that an 85 L/min rate of airflow through the face mask is possible which ensures good breathability over an extensive range of pressure drops and pore sizes. Finally, it can be concluded that licorice root membrane may be used to produce a biobased face mask to control COVID-19 spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33022215/ doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110294 id: cord-204125-fvd6d44c author: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H. title: An early warning tool for predicting mortality risk of COVID-19 patients using machine learning date: 2020-07-29 words: 3883.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-204125-fvd6d44c.txt summary: Lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophils (%), lymphocyte (%), high sensitive C-reactive protein, and age acquired at hospital admission were identified as key predictors of death by multi-tree XGBoost model. The prognostic model, nomogram and LNLCA score can help in early detection of high mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, which will help doctors to improve the management of patient stratification. [21] reported a machine learning approach to select three biomarkers (lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) and using them to predict individual patients mortality, 10 days ahead with more than 90 percent accuracy. Although several predictive prognostic models are proposed for the early detection of individuals at high risk of COVID-19 mortality, a major gap remains in the design of state-of-the-art interpretable machine learning based algorithms and high performance quantitative scoring system to classify the most selective predictive biomarkers of patient death. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has created an extreme pressure on the global healthcare services. Fast, reliable and early clinical assessment of the severity of the disease can help in allocating and prioritizing resources to reduce mortality. In order to study the important blood biomarkers for predicting disease mortality, a retrospective study was conducted on 375 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to Tongji Hospital (China) from January 10 to February 18, 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes were investigated using machine learning tools to identify key biomarkers to predict the mortality of individual patient. A nomogram was developed for predicting the mortality risk among COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophils (%), lymphocyte (%), high sensitive C-reactive protein, and age - acquired at hospital admission were identified as key predictors of death by multi-tree XGBoost model. The area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram for the derivation and validation cohort were 0.961 and 0.991, respectively. An integrated score (LNLCA) was calculated with the corresponding death probability. COVID-19 patients were divided into three subgroups: low-, moderate- and high-risk groups using LNLCA cut-off values of 10.4 and 12.65 with the death probability less than 5%, 5% to 50%, and above 50%, respectively. The prognostic model, nomogram and LNLCA score can help in early detection of high mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, which will help doctors to improve the management of patient stratification. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.15559v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-272843-fis10xbi author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-08-19 words: 2557.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt summary: Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes whilst having important co-beneficial impacts on non-communicable disease prevention (Figure 1) . Furthermore, smoking is known to be associated with viral infections and severity (e.g., influenza) as smokers are more likely to have poorer lung function/capacity [11] , contract microbial diseases (through structural changes in the respiratory tract, decreased immunity) [12] , and perform repetitive hand-to-mouth movements. While being conscious of implementation challenges, proposed actions provide guidance on health behaviours improving immune and cardiorespiratory function that may reduce adverse COVID-19 outcomes. abstract: Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. Thus, it is of importance to explore what individuals could do to mitigate adverse outcomes. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours and corresponding recommendations that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923351/ doi: 10.5334/gh.879 id: cord-306270-9bsr2jz0 author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions date: 2020-07-13 words: 3314.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306270-9bsr2jz0.txt summary: In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), strict social distancing measures (e.g., nationwide lockdown) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are unsustainable in the long-term due to knock-on socioeconomic and psychological effects. Among these, a sustained mitigation-only approach (adopted in many high-income countries) may not be feasible in most LMIC settings given the absence of nationwide population surveillance, generalised testing, contact tracing and critical care infrastructure needed to tackle the likely resurgence of infections. In conclusion, while we propose three community-based, non-pharmacological options for LMICs, a suitable measure should be context-specific and based on: (1) epidemiological considerations, (2) social and economic costs, (3) existing health systems capabilities and (4) future-proof plans to implement and sustain the strategy. Similar to the high-income nations, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) also responded to COVID-19 by implementing various population-level measures, including strict nationwide lockdowns and physical distancing [3] . abstract: In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), strict social distancing measures (e.g., nationwide lockdown) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are unsustainable in the long-term due to knock-on socioeconomic and psychological effects. However, an optimal epidemiology-focused strategy for ‘safe-reopening’ (i.e., balancing between the economic and health consequences) remain unclear, particularly given the suboptimal disease surveillance and diagnostic infrastructure in these settings. As the lockdown is now being relaxed in many LMICs, in this paper, we have (1) conducted an epidemiology-based “options appraisal” of various available non-pharmacological intervention options that can be employed to safely lift the lockdowns (namely, sustained mitigation, zonal lockdown and rolling lockdown strategies), and (2) propose suitable application, pre-requisites, and inherent limitations for each measure. Among these, a sustained mitigation-only approach (adopted in many high-income countries) may not be feasible in most LMIC settings given the absence of nationwide population surveillance, generalised testing, contact tracing and critical care infrastructure needed to tackle the likely resurgence of infections. By contrast, zonal or local lockdowns may be suitable for some countries where systematic identification of new outbreak clusters in real-time would be feasible. This requires a generalised testing and surveillance structure, and a well-thought out (and executed) zone management plan. Finally, an intermittent, rolling lockdown strategy has recently been suggested by the World Health Organization as a potential strategy to get the epidemic under control in some LMI settings, where generalised mitigation and zonal containment is unfeasible. This strategy, however, needs to be carefully considered for economic costs and necessary supply chain reforms. In conclusion, while we propose three community-based, non-pharmacological options for LMICs, a suitable measure should be context-specific and based on: (1) epidemiological considerations, (2) social and economic costs, (3) existing health systems capabilities and (4) future-proof plans to implement and sustain the strategy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656618/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00660-1 id: cord-310159-l9hfmmbc author: Chowdhury, Subhankar title: COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: dealing with the difficult duo date: 2020-07-14 words: 3568.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310159-l9hfmmbc.txt summary: Since there are a significant number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with unique concerns and challenges during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed existing literature, relevant websites, and related guidelines to form this narrative review to help address key questions in this area. While T2D and its associated comorbidities have established themselves as risk factors for increased hospitalisation, requirement of intensive care, and mortality with COVID-19, early anecdotal reports from global infection hotspots suggested that children with diabetes had a similar disease pattern compared with children without diabetes (less severe manifestations than adults) [23, 24] . On the contrary, a large population cohort study assessing the risk of in-hospital death for individuals registered with a General Practice in England showed that people with T1D had 3•50 (3•15-3•89) odds of dying in hospital with COVID-19 compared with those without diabetes which was attenuated to 2•86 when also adjusted for previous hospital admissions with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure [14] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused global health concerns, particularly in relation to diabetes where it has been associated with poorer outcomes. The bulk of the evolving evidence in diabetes and COVID-19 relates to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since there are a significant number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with unique concerns and challenges during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed existing literature, relevant websites, and related guidelines to form this narrative review to help address key questions in this area. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed database up to May 31, 2020, and retrieved all the articles published on T1D and COVID-19. RESULTS: We found 18 relevant articles, each of which carried a part of the evidence regarding the risk of contracting COVID-19 in patients with T1D, effect of COVID-19 on development of T1D, outcomes in T1D with COVID-19, and special management issues in T1D in the light of COVID-19. These have been documented in the present review. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 with T1D presents special challenges. While the available evidence does shed some light, we need more evidence to deal with this difficult duo. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00846-z doi: 10.1007/s13410-020-00846-z id: cord-278620-mezsjdyb author: Choy, Kay W. title: An urgent call to clinicians and researchers: 2020 acuity required when assessing and reporting laboratory abnormalities in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 1048.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278620-mezsjdyb.txt summary: 2 As study authors compare the significance of laboratory marker results between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups, severe and less severe disease groups, or survivors and non-survivors, in addition to assessment of statistical significance of a marker between the two groups, the biological (and analytical) variation of the marker should be considered as well as the biological significance of the value difference. A meta-analysis of four studies on the role of procalcitonin in patients with severe COVID-19 shows that increased procalcitonin values (above the normal reference limit) are associated with nearly fivefold higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio (OR), 4.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.74-8.29). 2 In a study by Daly et al., implementation of ADA glucose sample handling recommendations resulted in a 2.7-fold increased detection of GDM compared with usual hospital practices. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656976/ doi: 10.1111/imj.14883 id: cord-325421-1ysn0kyr author: Christensen, Johanna title: Covid-19 Viremia, Serologies and Clinical Course in a Case Series of Transplant Recipients date: 2020-09-03 words: 2551.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325421-1ysn0kyr.txt summary: In this preliminary report, we find that immunocompromised transplant patients had higher rates of RNAemia (67%) than reported in the general population (15%), seeming absence of allo-immune injury despite systemic inflammation and formation of IgG overtime after recovery from infection. 8, 9 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f In this first case series, we report the characteristics, inflammatory immune response, biomarkers of graft injury along with SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and serological response in a small cohort of kidney/liver transplant patients. Between, March 2020 and May 2020, six symptomatic kidney transplant recipients presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University hospital and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. While it is not yet established if J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f seroconversion confers immunity in the general population, 8, 9 the low re-infection rates and early reports of favorable efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients with severe COVID-19 manifestations [15] [16] [17] [18] suggest that this may be true. abstract: Here we report a single-center cohort of 6 patients (4 kidney-only, and 2 simultaneous liver/kidney transplants) diagnosed with COVID-19 at a median of 1.9 years (range=0.2-9.3 years) post-transplant. Five (of 6) patients required inpatient admission, two patients (mortality=33%) died. Among those with mortality, an increased concentration of inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein] was noted with a lack of response to IL-6 blockade, remdesivir and/or convalescent plasma. None of the kidney-only transplants (4/6; 67%) had elevation in plasma donor-derived cell-free DNA above the previously published cut-off of 1% suggesting absence of significant allo-immune injury. Four (of 5) admitted patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2) in blood on samples obtained at/during hospitalization. Of the 4 discharged patients, two patients with undetectable virus on repeat nasopharyngeal swabs had seroconversion with positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG formation at 30-48 days post-infection. One patient had prolonged shedding of virus on nasopharyngeal swab at 28 days post-discharge despite lack of symptoms. In this preliminary report, we find that immunocompromised transplant patients had higher rates of RNAemia (67%) than reported in the general population (15%), seeming absence of allo-immune injury despite systemic inflammation and formation of IgG overtime after recovery from infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.08.042 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.08.042 id: cord-306958-8bx8kxxh author: Christensen, Sarah R. title: Political and personal reactions to COVID-19 during initial weeks of social distancing in the United States date: 2020-09-24 words: 4271.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306958-8bx8kxxh.txt summary: This study examines individual attitudes, behaviors, anxieties, mental health impacts, and knowledge early in the pandemic response, as well as those outcomes by sociodemographic characteristics and political ideology. Four items asked respondents to indicate agreement on a 7-point scale that "events related to COVID-19 had interrupted" their social life, home life, work or vocational life, and/or hurt their mental health. Chi-square, t, and F tests were used to examine the influence of demographic characteristics, political ideology, and mental health on attitudes, knowledge, anxieties, behavior change, and impact variables. Initial covariate selection included all variables that were significant (p <0.05) in bivariate tests, including: political ideology, bias score for consumed news media, attitudes toward global warming and vaccination, sex, race, poverty level, and education. In the adjusted logistic regression model ( Table 2 ) liberals had 5.7 (95%CI: 3.3-9.7) and moderates had 2.5 (95%CI 1.5-4.3) times the odds of responding that the government had not done enough in response to COVID-19 compared to conservatives. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine perceptions, behaviors, and impacts surrounding COVID-19 early in the pandemic response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1,030 U.S. adults was administered on March 31st, 2020. This survey examined attitudes toward media, government, and community responses to COVID-19 by political ideology and sociodemographic factors. Knowledge, anxieties, and impacts of COVID-19 were also assessed. RESULTS: Conservatives were more likely to report that COVID-19 was receiving too much media coverage and people were generally overreacting; liberals were more likely to report the government had not done enough in response to the pandemic. Females and those with lower income experienced more COVID-19 related economic anxieties. Those working and with children at home reported higher social, home, and work disruption. Social distancing behaviors were more common among liberals and were associated with increases in depressive symptoms. General knowledge about COVID-19 was widely exhibited across the sample, however, Black and Hispanic respondents were less likely to correctly answer questions about the availability of a vaccine and modes of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Public health experts should consider the political climate in crafting messaging that appeals to the values of those across the political spectrum. Research on the COVID-19 pandemic should continue to monitor the effects of social distancing on mental health and among vulnerable populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239693 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239693 id: cord-353059-39msyuxb author: Chroboczek, T. title: Beneficial effect of corticosteroids in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a propensity score matching analysis. date: 2020-05-13 words: 3478.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353059-39msyuxb.txt summary: In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate determinants of the prognosis of the disease in 70 patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia (i.e. requiring at least 3 liters of oxygen) hospitalized between 10 March and 9 April, 2020, in the Centre Hospitalier Alpes Leman, France. The patient''s demographic information (age and gender), clinical characteristics (fever, cough, dyspnea and oxygen dose requirement at day 1 of hospitalization, dysosmia, dysgeusia), and duration from symptom''s onset (i.e. time point when the symptoms were first noticed by patients or their relatives) to admission were collected from the electronic medical system. In this study, we showed that corticosteroids prescription is likely to prevent the worsening of COVID-19 severe pneumonia, as its administration was associated with a lower risk of orotracheal intubation and ventilation in the ICU. abstract: Background. Since December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spreading worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. No specific treatment has yet clearly shown to improve the disease's evolution. Validated therapeutic options are urgently needed. Methods. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate determinants of the prognosis of the disease in 70 patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia (i.e. requiring at least 3 liters of oxygen) hospitalized between 10 March and 9 April, 2020, in the Centre Hospitalier Alpes Leman, France. The main outcome was oro-tracheal intubation and the exposure of interest was corticotherapy. Since this was not a randomized trial, we used propensity score matching to estimate average treatment effect. Results. There was evidence that corticotherapy lowered the risk of intubation with a risk difference of -47.1% (95% confidence interval -71.8% to -22.5%). Conclusion. Corticosteroid, a well-known, easily available, and cheap treatment, could be an important tool in management of severe COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. Not only could it provide an individual benefit, but also, in the setting of the COVID-19 ongoing pandemic, lower the burden on our vulnerable healthcare systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20094755 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20094755 id: cord-302442-jhio7mrl author: Chrzanowski, Wojciech title: Can Stem Cells Beat COVID-19: Advancing Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Toward Mainstream Medicine for Lung Injuries Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infections date: 2020-05-26 words: 4158.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302442-jhio7mrl.txt summary: Stem cell therapies and, more recently, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as new promising treatments, which could attenuate inflammation but also regenerate the lung damage caused by COVID-19. In this review article, we outline the mechanisms of cytokine storm and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to COVID-19 disease and how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted EVs can be utilized to tackle this damage by harnessing their regenerative properties, which gives them potential enhanced clinical utility compared to other investigated pharmacological treatments. The safety profile and efficacy of MSCs are well-established based on the results from a number of completed clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential of these therapies in lung diseases such as ARDS (Matthay et al., 2019; and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Namba, 2019) , cardiovascular diseases (Kim et al., 2015; Suvakov et al., 2020) , diabetes (Thakkar et al., 2015; Cho et al., 2018) , and spinal cord injury (Xu and Yang, 2019) . abstract: A number of medicines are currently under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19 disease including anti-viral, anti-malarial, and anti-inflammatory agents. While these treatments can improve patient's recovery and survival, these therapeutic strategies do not lead to unequivocal restoration of the lung damage inflicted by this disease. Stem cell therapies and, more recently, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), are emerging as new promising treatments, which could attenuate inflammation but also regenerate the lung damage caused by COVID-19. Stem cells exert their immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and reparative therapeutic effects likely through their EVs, and therefore, could be beneficial, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, in people with COVID-19. In this review article, we outline the mechanisms of cytokine storm and lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to COVID-19 disease and how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted EVs can be utilized to tackle this damage by harnessing their regenerative properties, which gives them potential enhanced clinical utility compared to other investigated pharmacological treatments. There are currently 17 clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19, the majority of which are administered intravenously with only one clinical trial testing MSC-derived exosomes via inhalation route. While we wait for the outcomes from these trials to be reported, here we emphasize opportunities and risks associated with these therapies, as well as delineate the major roadblocks to progressing these promising curative therapies toward mainstream treatment for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574317/ doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00554 id: cord-274448-lzxhtnfi author: Chua, Alfredo title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 1654.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274448-lzxhtnfi.txt summary: title: Changing the Landscape of Medical Oncology Training at the National University Hospital in the Philippines during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) designates topics to each training institution for monthly round-table discussions tackling interesting cases with dilemmas in management. With the ECQ and the temporary closure of the Cancer Institute, the medical oncology training program was essentially put on hold starting the second week of March. Prioritizing the safety of both patients and healthcare providers, continuation of cancer care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has been the overall goal [2] [3] [4] . During discussions, emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. With the dismantling of routines and practices in the hospital, training activities such as daily rounds, conferences, and examinations were temporarily put on hold. Recognizing that the strength of any clinical training program is its wealth of patients, the immediate resumption of patient services, albeit limited at first, had been instrumental in ensuring the continuation of training in our institution. Opportunistic teaching-learning strategies between the faculty and fellows were devised. Innovative approaches to learning such as the use of online meeting platforms for division conferences, webinars, examinations, and other learning activities were initiated. Emphasis was given on the important considerations in the management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The emotional and psychological well-being of the faculty and fellows during this crisis were considered and a mental health assessment was conducted prior to the resumption of training activities. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01786-2 doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01786-2 id: cord-322913-sq9mq6f1 author: Ciabattini, Annalisa title: Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population date: 2020-11-06 words: 8068.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322913-sq9mq6f1.txt summary: The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the lack of a clear correlate of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging (Fig. 3 ). abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic urgently calls for the development of effective preventive tools. COVID-19 hits greatly the elder and more fragile fraction of the population boosting the evergreen issue of the vaccination of older people. The development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 tailored for the elderly population faces the challenge of the poor immune responsiveness of the older population due to immunosenescence, comorbidities, and pharmacological treatments. Moreover, it is likely that the inflammaging phenotype associated with age could both influence vaccination efficacy and exacerbate the risk of COVID-19-related “cytokine storm syndrome” with an overlap between the factors which impact vaccination effectiveness and those that boost virulence and worsen the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. In the ongoing effort in vaccine development, different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been developed, tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies and are undergoing clinical testing, but only a small fraction of these are currently being tested in the older fraction of the population. Recent advances in systems biology integrating clinical, immunologic, and omics data can help to identify stable and robust markers of vaccine response and move towards a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the elderly. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0 doi: 10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0 id: cord-280223-6ro2deuv author: Ciacchini, Benedetta title: Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis date: 2020-06-29 words: 1967.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280223-6ro2deuv.txt summary: While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, which generally presents a benign course and a low lethality, the current emergency might negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare. All these cases share a significant diagnostic delay caused by the parents'' reluctance to seek medical attention, seen as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 contagion. While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, the current emergency might cause indirect detrimental consequences © The Author(s). On the other hand, it has been shown that in the context of the current pandemic the population is discouraged from accessing hospitals even when urgent medical intervention would be mandatory, resulting in a greater severity of the patient''s conditions at the time of A&E admission. abstract: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases registered worldwide has risen to over 3 million. While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, which generally presents a benign course and a low lethality, the current emergency might negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare. In particular, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may determine a delayed access to pediatric emergency facilities. Present report focuses on the experience of The Children Hospital in Alessandria (northern Italy). The authors document a drop in the number of admissions to the emergency department (A&E) during the lock-down. They will also focus on four emblematic cases of pediatric patients who were seen to our A&E in severe conditions. All these cases share a significant diagnostic delay caused by the parents’ reluctance to seek medical attention, seen as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 contagion. None was found positive to all COVID-19 swab or immunologic testing. All in all, our data strongly support the importance of promoting a direct and timely interaction between patients and medical staff, to prevent the fear of COVID-19 from causing more harm than the virus itself. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00849-w doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00849-w id: cord-273758-hhd8xnve author: Ciardullo, S. title: Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy date: 2020-08-10 words: 3404.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273758-hhd8xnve.txt summary: Nonetheless, it remains controversial whether diabetes could be considered an independent risk factor for greater severity of illness and death, with some studies showing a detrimental effect [5] [6] [7] and others a neutral influence [8] [9] [10] , also depending on adjustment for confounding variables. As expected, patients who experienced in-hospital death were older (78 vs 68 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of most comorbidities including CVD (46.4% vs 32.5%, p = 0.007) and hypertension (78.1 vs 56.8%, p < 0.001), whereas only a trend was found for diabetes (23.2 vs 15.6%, p = 0.064) and no significant differences were found in gender distribution. In the present study we show that among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a single center in Northern Italy, a history of diabetes was associated with an increased mortality risk, which was independent from several confounding factors and comorbidities. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-existing diabetes on in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This is a single center, retrospective study conducted at Policlinico di Monza hospital, located in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. We reviewed medical records of 373 consecutive adult patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 between February 22 and May 15, 2020. Data were collected on diabetes status, comorbid conditions and laboratory findings. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effect of diabetes on in-hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 72 ± 14 years (range 17–98), 244 (65.4%) were male and 69 (18.5%) had diabetes. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (237 [64.8%]), cardiovascular disease (140 [37.7%]) and malignant neoplasms (50 [13.6%]). In-hospital death occurred in 142 (38.0%) patients. In the multivariable model older age (Relative Risk [RR] 1.06 [1.04–1. 09] per year), diabetes (RR 1.56 [1.05–2.02]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR 1.82 [1.13–2.35]), higher values of lactic dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective single-center study, diabetes was independently associated with a higher in-hospital mortality. More intensive surveillance of patients with this condition is to be warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7 doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7 id: cord-355015-e681jmix author: Cici, Remziye title: Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 1832.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt summary: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The candidate''s perspective on the profession was captured with help of two survey questions: first, "What was your perspective on the nursing profession before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?", to which the answer choices were "positive," "negative," and "undecided." The second question asked, "Are you willing to practice your profession in the future?" and the answer choices were "yes" and "no." Self-assessments of the influence of the pandemic on mental health and the fear with regard to the risk of contagion were also captured with questions with the answers "yes and no." In summary, in our study, it was found that anxiety levels increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and perspectives on the profession showed a negative trend due to the pandemic among candidate nurses. Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive study consisted of 322 nursing students in Turkey after the pandemic announcement of the World Health Organization. A web‐based survey was used and anxiety levels was determined via State Anxiety Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. FINDINGS: Positive perspectives (63.4%) on the nursing profession before the pandemic decreased to 50.6%, whereas the negative (26.7%), and the undecided (9.9%) perspectives increased to 32.3% and 17.1%, of the total respectively. A significant increase was found in the anxiety scores with negative perspectives combined with an unwillingness to practice their profession in the future (P < .05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pregraduate training should be provided to candidate nurses about pandemic nursing and professional difficulties they may possibly encounter in infection epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776563/ doi: 10.1111/ppc.12601 id: cord-350589-h6hotlqk author: Cieszanowski, Andrzej title: Management of patients with COVID-19 in radiology departments, and indications regarding imaging studies – recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology date: 2020-04-29 words: 3423.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350589-h6hotlqk.txt summary: Knowledge on the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, as well as on the management of infected patients, remain new issues. 7. Indications for imaging studies in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Personnel receive mandatory training in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) [8] -especially the removal of masks, goggles, face shields, gowns, and aprons. • A patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus awaiting examination does not leave a designated area of the RD waiting room [8] . Personal protective equipment for staff in contact with patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Chest X-ray CXR with a portable X-ray machine is recommended as the first and primary imaging study, offering adequate lung assessment in the majority of cases, while making transit of the contagious patient within the hospital unnecessary. Staff of an RD examining a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection must be provided with adequate PPE abstract: The pandemic involving COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, due to its severe symptoms and high transmission rate, has gone on to pose a control challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. We present the second version of the Recommendations of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology, presuming that our knowledge on COVID-19 will advance further rapidly, to the extent that further supplementation and modification will prove necessary. These Recommendations involve rules of conduct, procedures, and safety measures that should be introduced in radiology departments, as well as indications for imaging studies. url: https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2020.95022 doi: 10.5114/pjr.2020.95022 id: cord-032929-hqfzlddn author: Ciftci, Bahadir title: May regional anesthesia be a better choice for the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-01 words: 844.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032929-hqfzlddn.txt summary: In this report, we would like to share our regional anesthesia experiences in patients under investigation for COVID-19 that underwent surgery. According to practice recommendations on neuraxial anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA) (https://www.asra.com/page/2905/practice-recommendations-on-neuraxial-anesthesia-and-peripheral-nerveblocks-dur), we preferred regional anesthesia over general anesthesia for these patients to reduce the need for airway manipulation. The blocks were performed in the operating room prepared for just COVID-19 or COVID-19-suspected patients. These techniques are also the cornerstones for any patient suspected to be COVID-19 positive. In summary, regional anesthesia techniques may be safer for both anesthesiologists and 2019-nCoV patients, if the required precautions are taken. Regional anesthesia in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic Not applicable.Authors'' contributions BC: writing, literature scanning, study design, data. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7527292/ doi: 10.1186/s42077-020-00095-6 id: cord-255294-x0ezeaz6 author: Cilia, Roberto title: Effects of COVID‐19 on Parkinson''s disease clinical features: a community‐based case‐control study date: 2020-05-25 words: 2466.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255294-x0ezeaz6.txt summary: Out of the 1092 records obtained by searching the Besta Institute clinical software for patients fulfilling the following criteria (i) International Classification of Diseases, Ninth-Revision, Clinical Modification code for parkinsonism 332.0, (ii) resident in the Lombardy region, northern Italy (which is by far the most affected area (>80.000 cases) with the highest case-fatality (>15.000 deaths) in Italy, as of to May 11 th , 2020), [16] (ii) visited at least once from January 01 st , 2019 to December 31 st , 2019, we performed a random selection of 150 PD for subsequent remote interview by a neurologist experienced in movement disorders (by video-consultation or telephone), [2, 17, 18] which was performed between April 15 th and May 4 th , 2020. Motor aspects of experiences of daily living and the severity of treatment-related motor complications were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II and IV, respectively; [20] non-motor symptoms (NMS) were assessed using of the Italian version of the NMS Scale (NMSS); [21] overall changes of motor and nonmotor features was additionally rated using the Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson''s Disease (CISI-PD). abstract: The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been poorly characterized so far. Out of 141 PD patients resident in Lombardy, we found twelve COVID‐19 cases (8.5%), whose mean age and disease duration (65.5 and 6.3 years, respectively) were similar to controls. Changes in clinical features in the period January‐April 2020 were compared with those of 36 PD control subjects, matched for sex, age, and disease‐duration, using the clinical impression of severity index for PD, the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale parts II and IV, and the non‐motor symptoms scale. Motor and nonmotor symptoms significantly worsened in the COVID‐19 group, requiring therapy adjustment in one‐third of cases. Clinical deterioration was explained by both infection‐related mechanisms and impaired pharmacokinetics of dopaminergic therapy. Urinary issues and fatigue were the most prominent nonmotor issues. Cognitive functions were marginally involved, while none experienced autonomic failure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449528/ doi: 10.1002/mds.28170 id: cord-347490-9eyq4j14 author: Cimerman, Sergio title: Deep Impact of COVID-19 in the HealthCare of Latin America: the case of Brazil date: 2020-04-23 words: 1080.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347490-9eyq4j14.txt summary: 1 From February 25, 2020, when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was firstly confirmed in Brazil, proceeding as an imported case from Italy, up to April 17, 2020, more than 81,000 cases have been reported in the Latin America and Caribbean region. 1, 4 Sadly, also the last years'' vaccine coverages in multiple countries of Latin America, but also some areas of individual nations, have significantly decrease, allowing the imminent menace of imported cases and spreading with local transmission of this once not reported old diseases, such as is especially the case of measles, that in fact, due to forced migration from Venezuela arrived especially to Roraima and Amazonas to lead to thousands of cases in the region. Currently, epidemiological data from Brazil clearly show that there is an unexpected increase in the number of hospitalizations due to severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) (Figure 1 ), especially two weeks after the first case diagnosed in São Paulo, coinciding with the disease incubation period. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335078/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.005 id: cord-332979-eln7n6zb author: Ciminelli, G. title: How Emergency Care Congestion Increases Covid-19 Mortality: Evidence from Lombardy, Italy date: 2020-10-29 words: 5190.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332979-eln7n6zb.txt summary: 6 This paper analyzes how much system congestion may have contributed to the high mortality rates observed during Lombardy''s first Covid-19 outbreak, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to emergency care. We proxy for system congestion using data on calls to the emergency line and find that the additional effects of Covid-19 on mortality in municipalities that are farther away from the ICU is stronger in days and areas characterized by an abnormal volume of calls to the emergency line, pointing to system congestion as a plausible explanation. We analyzed how emergency care congestion may have contributed to the high mortality rates observed in Lombardy during its first Covid-19 outbreak, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to critical care. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused generous and well-developed healthcare systems to collapse. This paper quantifies how much system congestion may have increased mortality rates, using distance to the ICU as a proxy for access to emergency care. METHODS: We match daily death registry data for almost 1,500 municipalities in Lombardy, Italy, to data on geographical location of all ICU beds in the region. We then analyze how system congestion increases mortality in municipalities that are far from the ICU through a differences-in-differences regression model. FINDINGS: We find that Covid-19 mortality is up to 60% higher in the average municipality -- which is 15 minutes driving away from the closest ICU -- than in a municipality with an ICU in town. This difference is larger in areas and in days characterized by an abnormal number of calls to the emergency line. INTERPRETATION: We interpret these results as suggesting that a sudden surge of critical patients may have congested the healthcare system, forcing emergency medical services to prioritize patients in the most proximate communities in order to maximize the number of lives saved. Through some back-of-the-envelope calculations, we estimate that Lombardy's death toll from the first Covid-19 outbreak could have been 25% lower had all municipalities had ready access to the ICU. Drawing a lesson from Lombardy's tale, governments should strengthen the emergency care response and palliate geographical inequalities to ensure that everyone in need can receive critical care on time during new outbreaks. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.20221085v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20221085 id: cord-319912-fc9tmx96 author: Ciminelli, Gabriele title: COVID-19 in Italy: An Analysis of Death Registry Data date: 2020-09-16 words: 3276.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319912-fc9tmx96.txt summary: In the Veneto region, which embraced mass testing, contact tracing, and at-home care provision, COVID-19-induced mortality was, respectively, three and six times smaller than in neighboring Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy. This result helps to rationalize the serious undercounting of COVID-19 fatalities in official statistics, which do not include deaths in nursing homes. We zoom in on Lombardy, the worst affected region, to test whether COVID-19 had an additional effect on mortality in municipalities with a higher share of people living in nursing homes (see the Online Appendix for details on the estimation). A plausible estimate suggests that true deaths were about 60% higher than what was officially reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. We use highly granular daily death registry data for thousands of municipalities in Italy''s north to conduct a precise estimation of the true effect of COVID-19 on the mortality rate and compare the real death toll with what is reported in official statistics. abstract: BACKGROUND: There are still many unknowns about COVID-19. We do not know its exact mortality rate nor the speed through which it spreads across communities. This lack of evidence complicates the design of appropriate response policies. METHODS: We source daily death registry data for 4100 municipalities in Italy’s north and match them to Census data. We augment the dataset with municipality-level data on a host of co-factors of COVID-19 mortality, which we exploit in a differences-in-differences regression model to analyze COVID-19-induced mortality. RESULTS: We find that COVID-19 killed more than 0.15% of the local population during the first wave of the epidemic. We also show that official statistics vastly underreport this death toll, by about 60%. Next, we uncover the dramatic effects of the epidemic on nursing home residents in the outbreak epicenter: in municipalities with a high share of the elderly living in nursing homes, COVID-19 mortality was about twice as high as in those with no nursing home intown. CONCLUSIONS: A pro-active approach in managing the epidemic is key to reduce COVID-19 mortality. Authorities should ramp-up testing capacity and increase contact-tracing abilities. Adequate protective equipment should be provided to nursing home residents and staff. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32935849/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa165 id: cord-340305-jtvn9tlm author: Cimolai, Nevio title: A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 words: 5105.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340305-jtvn9tlm.txt summary: At this time, the best correlates with protection from natural coronavirus infections are systemic neutralizing antibody and mucosal IgA. Others have found strong correlations between neutralizing antibodies and EIA-detected antibodies to various SARS-CoV-2 antigens [41, 42] .Some have found diversity in immune responses contingent on the nature of presenting disease [38, 43] . With the availability of viral antigen, most scientists in the know-how would be able to fashion a test for antibody determination in short order and most would likely choose an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (or nearly equivalent non-enzymebased assay) for its potential of automation and widespread use. Sensitive and specific detection of low-level antibody responses in mild Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infections A highly specific and sensitive serological assay detects SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients that correlate with neutralization SARS-CoV-2 assays to detect functional antibody responses that block ACE2 recognition in vaccinated animals and infected patients abstract: Until either efficacious therapy or vaccination for COVID-19 is achieved, there will be a need to regain world economic stability while yet controlling the pandemic with current approaches. For those infected thus far, there is a prevailing perspective that devising recognition for protective immunity will progressively allow segments of society to return to some functionality more than is existing. At this time, the best correlates with protection from natural coronavirus infections are systemic neutralizing antibody and mucosal IgA. Serum neutralizing antibody more easily fulfills the latter requisite, but current live virus methods for neutralization prevent large-scale application. It is conceivable that the exposure of previously infected individuals can allow for the definition of protective thresholds of neutralizing antibody. Thereafter, many other antibody assays will be able to screen for surrogate protection after correlations with protective neutralizing antibody are made. Specificity of common antibody tests would benefit from confirmatory blocking systems or confirmatory immunoblotting fingerprints with well-defined antigen(s). The opportunity for the scientific community to make these assessments is evident in the current context of the COVID-19 epidemic given the large numbers of infected individuals worldwide. Such information will also be vital to guide vaccine development and/or immunotherapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00533-4 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00533-4 id: cord-338413-6vpfgwie author: Cinelli, Eleonora title: Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 words: 708.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338413-6vpfgwie.txt summary: title: Teledermatology for patient management, dermatology education and research during the COVID‐19 pandemic 2 Here, we would like to report our Italian experience in providing medical care and ensuring educational opportunities for medical students and dermatology residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. If visits can be carried out by video consultations, patients can benefit from a teledermatology service of our hospital. Instead, we have focused on providing online material for medical students in each department to improve knowledge of skin diseases, and how these specific outpatient or inpatient services work. Each resident is designated to a specific work group, where they either contribute to update a COVID-19 and dermatology newsletter examining the disease impact on skin diseases and their treatment, to contact our patients by telephone and email, or to assist in producing videos for medical students'' teaching. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410218/ doi: 10.1111/ajd.13345 id: cord-254653-4ffuivil author: Cinelli, Matteo title: The COVID-19 social media infodemic date: 2020-10-06 words: 5100.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254653-4ffuivil.txt summary: We address the diffusion of information about the COVID-19 with a massive data analysis on Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Reddit and Gab. We analyze engagement and interest in the COVID-19 topic and provide a differential assessment on the evolution of the discourse on a global scale for each platform and their users. We fit information spreading with epidemic models characterizing the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] for each social media platform. Unlike previous works, we do not only focus on models that imply specific growth mechanisms, but also on phenomenological models that emphasize the reproducibility of empirical data 41 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Most of the epidemiological models focus on the basic reproduction number R 0 , representing the expected number of new infectors directly generated by an infected individual for a given time period 42 . Furthermore, we model the spread of information using epidemic models and provide basic growth parameters for each social media platform. abstract: We address the diffusion of information about the COVID-19 with a massive data analysis on Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Reddit and Gab. We analyze engagement and interest in the COVID-19 topic and provide a differential assessment on the evolution of the discourse on a global scale for each platform and their users. We fit information spreading with epidemic models characterizing the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] for each social media platform. Moreover, we identify information spreading from questionable sources, finding different volumes of misinformation in each platform. However, information from both reliable and questionable sources do not present different spreading patterns. Finally, we provide platform-dependent numerical estimates of rumors’ amplification. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024152/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5 id: cord-294933-oc2glu4a author: Cinesi Gómez, César title: Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-06-19 words: 5643.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294933-oc2glu4a.txt summary: The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. The present document has been developed by consensus among the scientific societies involved in acute respiratory failure in adult patients, and seeks to provide a more detailed description of the recommendations on the use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) secondary to infection by the newly emergent SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes so-called COVID-19 disease, as a complement to the information emitted by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Wellbeing (Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social [MSC]), 1,2 which is frequently updated and establishes a series of general recommendations. abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217357272030120X doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.03.002 id: cord-335257-4uwoe841 author: Cingolani, A. title: Baricitinib as rescue therapy in a patient with COVID-19 with no complete response to sarilumab date: 2020-07-08 words: 2432.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335257-4uwoe841.txt summary: A patient with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure, with insufficient response to an antiretroviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy, presented a prompt resolution of the respiratory function and improvement in the radiological picture after baricitinib at an oral dose of 4 mg per day for 2 weeks. To contribute to the correct timing of administration of baricitinib, we report the case of a patient with a respiratory failure linked to COVID-19, with only partial improvement after sarilumab, who had a favorable outcome after 2 weeks of consequent oral treatment with the anti-Janus kinasis (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor baricitinib. The clinical and radiological evolution during sarilumab and baricitinib treatments according to respiratory, inflammatory and plasma cytokine parameters are reported in Fig. 1 . We presented here the case of a 71-year-old male patients with COVID19, who had an incomplete response to local standardized treatment and intravenous IL-6 antagonist drug (sarilumab) who performed a successful rescue therapy with baricitinib. abstract: A patient with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure, with insufficient response to an antiretroviral therapy, hydroxychloroquine and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) antagonist therapy, presented a prompt resolution of the respiratory function and improvement in the radiological picture after baricitinib at an oral dose of 4 mg per day for 2 weeks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642806/ doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01476-7 id: cord-299656-iyb5r7e2 author: Cioffi, Andrea title: La diminution des décès liés à la COVID-19 et le risque de sous-estimer la pandémie date: 2020-09-23 words: 770.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299656-iyb5r7e2.txt summary: Rigid public health policies have been favoured by the rapid and exponential increase in infections and deaths COVID-19-related. However, despite the increase in infections, the mortality of COVID-19 is decreasing, especially in countries such as Italy, Germany and the USA. The risk is to encourage a further increase in infections with 2 major public health and bioethical issues. Therefore, in both cases there would be the medico-legal and ethical responsibility of the governments which -without yet knowing the reasons for this reduction in mortality, not having available vaccines or definitive therapies and without knowing the long-term effects of COVID-19 -have decreased the rigidity of preventive public health policies. Therefore, it will be essential to maintain high attention and not underestimate the increases in COVID-19 infections otherwise there is a risk that world governments will become accomplices to damage the health of all citizens. abstract: La pandémie de COVID-19 a mis à rude épreuve la stabilité des systèmes de santé nationaux et de la société elle-même. La baisse de la mortalité liée aux COVID-19 est positive. Cependant, nous ne connaissons pas la raison de cette diminution associée à une contagion dans de nombreux pays du monde. Pour ces raisons, le moment n’est pas venu de baisser la garde et de diminuer excessivement les stratégies préventives contre le COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on the stability of National Health Systems and society itself. The decline in COVID-19-related mortality is positive. However, we do not know the reason for this decline associated with a rise in infection in many countries of the world. For these reasons, this is not the time to lower our guard and excessively reduce preventive strategies against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100601 doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100601 id: cord-252804-u7tz6xzz author: Ciotti, Marco title: COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview date: 2020-04-07 words: 3558.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252804-u7tz6xzz.txt summary: Inoculation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from patients with pneumonia of unknown origin into human airway epithelial cells and Vero E6 and Huh7 cell lines led to the isolation of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCov [1] . As soon as on January 7, 2020, the Chinese health authorities had declared that a novel coronavirus was responsible for this outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, a European network of academic and public laboratories designed an rRT-PCR protocol based on the comparison and alignment of previously available SARS-CoV and bat-related coronavirus genome sequences as well as five sequences derived from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 made available by the Chinese authorities [23] . Regarding the sites under positive selective pressure found on the Spike glycoprotein, the results have shown that amino acid position 536 in COVID-19 has an Asn residue, while the Bat SARS-like coronavirus has a Gln 4 DOI: 10.1159/000507423 residue; the SARS virus, instead, has an Asp residue. Phylogenetic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed that the novel coronavirus responsible for the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus [37] . abstract: BACKGROUND: In late December 2019, Chinese health authorities reported an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, Hubei Province. SUMMARY: A few days later, the genome of a novel coronavirus was released (http://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319; Wuhan-Hu-1, GenBank accession No. MN908947) and made publicly available to the scientific community. This novel coronavirus was provisionally named 2019-nCoV, now SARS-CoV-2 according to the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, Betacoronavirus genus, subgenus Sarbecovirus. Since its discovery, the virus has spread globally, causing thousands of deaths and having an enormous impact on our health systems and economies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the epidemiology, phylogenesis, homology modeling, and molecular diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2. KEY MESSAGES: Phylogenetic analysis is essential to understand viral evolution, whereas homology modeling is important for vaccine strategies and therapies. Highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays are key to case identification, contact tracing, identification of the animal source, and implementation of control measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32259829/ doi: 10.1159/000507423 id: cord-332078-vl309ss7 author: Cipollaro, Lucio title: Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-05-18 words: 1417.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt summary: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423471/ doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01702-w id: cord-299261-ew99nraq author: Cipriano, L. E. title: IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY RE-OPENING ON TOTAL COMMUNITY COVID-19 BURDEN date: 2020-09-18 words: 9221.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299261-ew99nraq.txt summary: In a scenario in which students immediately engage in a 24% contact reduction compared to pre-COVID levels, the total number of infections in the community increases by 87% (from 3,900 without the students to 7,299 infections with the students), with 71% of the incremental infections occurring in the general population, causing social and economic restrictions to be re-engaged 3 weeks earlier and an incremental 17 COVID-19 deaths. The timing and magnitude of the city''s COVID-19 outbreak, excluding any impacts from students, is determined by the initial number of COVID-19 infections in the community, the level of participation in physical distancing, the responsiveness of the community to increasing critical care cases and COVID-19 deaths, and the proportion of contacts that are protected with mask wearing (Appendix Figures 5-7) . 16 In the base case, we also assume that students are equally responsive as the general population to COVID-19 outcomes in the community reducing their contacts in response to high numbers of critical care hospitalizations and deaths. abstract: Purpose: Post-secondary students have higher than average contacts than the general population due to congregate living, use of public transit, high-density academic and social activities, and employment in the services sector. We evaluated the impact of a large student population returning to a mid-sized city currently experiencing a low rate of COVID-19 on community health outcomes. We consider whether targeted routine or one-time screening in this population can mitigate community COVID-19 impacts. Methods: We developed a dynamic transmission model of COVID-19 subdivided into three interacting populations: general population, university students, and long-term care residents. We parameterized the model using the medical literature and expert opinion. We calibrated the model to the observed outcomes in a mid-sized Canadian city between March 1 and August 15, 2020 prior to the arrival of a relatively large post-secondary student population. We evaluated the impact of the student population (20,000 people arriving on September 1) on cumulative COVID-19 infections over the fall semester, the timing of peak infections, the timing and peak level of critical care occupancy, and the timing of re-engaged social and economic restrictions. We consider multiple scenarios with different student and general population COVID-19 prevention behaviours as well as different COVID-19 screening strategies in students. Results: In a city with low levels of COVID-19 activity, the return of a relatively large student population substantially increases the total number of COVID-19 infections in the community. In a scenario in which students immediately engage in a 24% contact reduction compared to pre-COVID levels, the total number of infections in the community increases by 87% (from 3,900 without the students to 7,299 infections with the students), with 71% of the incremental infections occurring in the general population, causing social and economic restrictions to be re-engaged 3 weeks earlier and an incremental 17 COVID-19 deaths. Scenarios in which students have an initial, short-term increase in contacts with other students before engaging in contact reduction behaviours can increase infections in the community by 150% or more. In such scenarios, screening asymptomatic students every 5 days reduces the number of infections attributable to the introduction of the university student population by 42% and delays the re-engagement of social and economic restrictions by 1 week. Compared to screening every 5 days, one-time mass screening of students prevents fewer infections, but is highly efficient in terms of infections prevented per screening test performed. Discussion: University students are highly inter-connected with the city communities in which they live and go to school, and they have a higher number of contacts than the general population. High density living environments, enthusiasm for the new school year, and relatively high rates of asymptomatic presentation may decrease their self-protective behaviours and contribute to increased community transmission of COVID-19 affecting at-risk members of the city community. Screening targeted at this population provides significant public health benefits to the community through averted infections, critical care admissions, and COVID-19 deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.20197467 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197467 id: cord-281376-1xdj06m7 author: Cirilo, E. R. title: One Study of COVID-19 Spreading at The United States - Brazil - Colombia date: 2020-09-02 words: 2347.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281376-1xdj06m7.txt summary: Thus, we used a database on WHO Coronavirus, Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations to describe the most recent COVID-19 development patterns in these countries, which we saw. In this context, it was decided to adjust the parameters of the SIRD model over time, based on data made available by WHO, using non-linear least squares methods [13] [14] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint cretization of the ordinary dierential equation system was performed using the Finite Dierence Method. The resulting linear system of non-linear equations was solved iteratively by the Gauss-Seidel method until the convergence criterion was overcome. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint • the governing equations system (2.4) is solved by a convergent methodology to any time; . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 doi: medRxiv preprint Finally, we emphasize that the COVID-19''s dynamic of the Brazil and Colombia are the same, but as delay. abstract: The present work concerns the COVID-19's spread over The United States, Brazil and Colombia. Although countries show differences in economic development, but similarities such as continental dimension or social interaction, the spread of COVID-19 in them has some similarities. At the moment, the countries are living the disease with temporal delay. Thus, we used a database on WHO Coronavirus, Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations to describe the most recent COVID-19 development patterns in these countries, which we saw. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.29.20184465v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184465 id: cord-294371-xot2oj2t author: Citgez, Bulent title: Management of Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 2222.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294371-xot2oj2t.txt summary: In this review, we tried to explain how to prevent the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients. In this process, as in many other types of cancer, there are also challenges in the management of breast cancer treatment due to the limited use of resources and the working discipline of the healthcare staff according to the pandemic conditions. High-priority: Recommendations are applied to patients whose condition is either clinically unstable or who have life-threatening cancer burden and requires immediate hospital treatment. [7] Diagnostic imaging for an abnormal mammogram or for suspicious symptoms of breast cancer, biopsies for BI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions, and breast MRI for the extent of disease evaluation or pre-chemotherapy assessment are still being performed in hospitals having sufficient resources because pandemic may be long-lasting and this may threaten patients'' lives in the long run. ER+ early breast cancer patients should have neoadjuvant endocrine therapy before surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) arises from the virus SARS-CoV-2 which is similar to the original SARS virus. The most common symptoms of the COVID-19 infection are fever, coughing and shortness of breath. According to the current data, the primary mode of transmission for the COVID-19 virus is between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes. The virus may lead to worse respiratory complications, including pneumonia, especially in older patients and patients with pre-existing illnesses, such as cancer. Cancer patients are at a significantly higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19 since their immune system can be compromised and that reality has to do with both that they have cancer and that they are on therapy for their cancer. COVID-19 crisis has impacted every aspect of the practice, including outpatient, elective, wards, emergency care, conferences, teaching and research. We should make sure cancer patients on active treatment are treated appropriately. In this review, we tried to explain how to prevent the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients. url: https://doi.org/10.14744/semb.2020.23326 doi: 10.14744/semb.2020.23326 id: cord-283440-8du0s33p author: Ciuca, Ioana M title: COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review date: 2020-06-25 words: 5636.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283440-8du0s33p.txt summary: The aim of this review was to describe the current knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including knowledge on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. This review highlights that COVID-19 in children is similar to the disease in the adult population, but with particularities regarding clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, chest imaging, and treatment. It started at the end of 2019, when many adult patients with a new form of pneumonia that was frequently fatal were admitted to Chinese hospitals; this illness was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). [11] [12] [13] This study aimed to review the current data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including data on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: The aim of this review was to describe the current knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) in children, from epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory perspectives, including knowledge on the disease course, treatment, and prognosis. An extensive literature search was performed to identify papers on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) in children, published between January 1, 2020 and April 1, 2020. There were 44 relevant papers on COVID-19 in children. The results showed that COVID-19 occurs in 0.39–12.3% of children. Clinical signs and symptoms are comparable to those in adults, but milder forms and a large percentage of asymptomatic carriers are found among children. Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with complications and linked to various co-infections. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans in children revealed structural changes similar to those found in adults, with consolidations surrounded by halos being somewhat specific for children with COVID-19. The recommended treatment includes providing symptomatic therapy, with no specific drug recommendations for children. The prognosis is much better for children compared to adults. This review highlights that COVID-19 in children is similar to the disease in the adult population, but with particularities regarding clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, chest imaging, and treatment. The prognosis is much better for children compared to adults, but with the progression of the pandemic; the cases in children might change in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s257180 doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s257180 id: cord-326622-r77kqshi author: Civil, Ian D title: Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 580.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326622-r77kqshi.txt summary: title: Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Injury journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/injury Research and Publishing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Medical research has been the cornerstone in discoveries of better ways to prevent and treat diseases [1] . Any crisis generates opportunities for new learning and past experience suggests research publication does not slow down during or after a pandemic. While it is recognised that human resources will be significantly stretched and distracted in 2020, Injury reiterates its mission to accept, review and publish important trauma-related research and all the editors are confident that the current COVID pandemic will provide as many new research opportunities as it takes away. The journal will do everything possible to ensure submitted papers are reviewed and published in a timely way. Anomalies of the 1919 influenza pandemic remain unexplained after 100 years abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.008 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.04.008 id: cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author: Clarfield, A. Mark title: Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date: 2020-11-12 words: 9578.0 sentences: 449.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306210-ny3vvu9h.txt summary: Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person''s sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary. abstract: COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has reached pandemic proportions. Although the virus can cause disease in anyone, it is particularly dangerous for those with various “co-morbidities” such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. It is therefore essential to find ways to protect all at-risk persons (old or young) from the virus but at the same time not harming, more than absolutely necessary their essential freedoms as well as taking into account their social/psychological needs. Compared with other OECD countries, Israel’s population is still relatively young, with only 11.5% being over 65+ with a smaller proportion of older persons in long-term institutions than that found in most other comparable jurisdictions. These factors might explain a part of the country’s (so far) relatively low rates of serious disease and mortality compared to those seen in other developed countries. However there are still over a million older citizens at risk and the numbers of infected, hospitalized and seriously ill persons are rising once again. This is no time for complacency. An analysis of the effect of age on the disease as seen through the principles of medical ethics is followed by a proposal as to how best to balance these sometimes conflicting goals. This paper relates mainly to older persons in the community since the Ministry of Health early on in the pandemic initiated an effective program (Magen Avot) meant to protect those older persons in long-term care institutions. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not “social”) distancing without exacerbating an older person’s sense of social isolation. In order to reduce the incidence of influenza (which can clinically be confused with COVID-19) and the potentially disastrous consequences of a “double pandemic” this coming winter, a robust flu vaccination program needs immediate implementation. Persons at all ages (but especially those 60+) should be encouraged and assisted to sign advance directives, especially those who do not wish to undergo invasive therapy. An individual older person’s wish to “make way” for younger people should be respected as an expression of his/her autonomy. As we enter the second wave, triage mechanisms and protocols need to be circulated in readiness for and well before a situation in which an acute imbalance develops between the availability for acute resources and the population’s need for them. The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with other relevant ministries and NGOs, should take the lead in developing plans, ensuring that they are carried out in an orderly, timely and transparent manner. The blanket is indeed not large enough but we must place it as judiciously as possible in order as much as possible to protect, cover and keep warm the body politic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183358/ doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y id: cord-307342-3gkiukh4 author: Clark, Eva title: Why contact tracing efforts have failed to curb COVID-19 transmission in much of the U.S date: 2020-08-06 words: 3272.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307342-3gkiukh4.txt summary: By late April 2020, public discourse in the U.S. had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (e.g., contact tracing) to combat COVID-19 transmission while allowing for the safe "re-opening" of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. This viewpoint offers a discussion of why testing-tracing efforts failed to sufficiently mitigate COVID-19 across much of the nation, with the hope that such deliberation will help the U.S. public health community better plan for the future. Partly for this reason, our nation rushed to espouse the idea of targeted, case-based COVID-19 management [3] [4] [5] [6] , focusing on expanded testing and contact tracing, while disregarding several major obstacles that set us apart from countries that succeeded in mounting a timely, targeted response. abstract: By late April 2020, public discourse in the U.S. had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (e.g., contact tracing) to combat COVID-19 transmission while allowing for the safe “re-opening” of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. Expanded tracing-testing efforts were touted as a key solution that would allow for a precision approach, thus preventing economies from having to shut down again. However, it is now clear that many regions of the U.S. were unable to mount robust enough testing-tracing programs to prevent major resurgences of disease. This viewpoint offers a discussion of why testing-tracing efforts failed to sufficiently mitigate COVID-19 across much of the nation, with the hope that such deliberation will help the U.S. public health community better plan for the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761123/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1155 id: cord-297093-ld89vmct author: Clark, Kristina E N title: Safety of intravenous Anakinra in COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammation, a case series date: 2020-08-04 words: 3236.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297093-ld89vmct.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Intravenous anakinra is safe to use in patients with COVID-19 and evidence of supra-added bacterial infection. These patients all showed evidence of hyperinflammation with raised inflammatory markers, and CRP, and were given intravenous anakinra, with safe and successful use, suggesting the potential benefit from IL-1 blockade in this subgroup of patients with confirmed COVID-19. We present four cases of immunosuppressed patients, receiving beneficial effects from the use of intravenous anakinra to treat severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation and concomitant bacterial infections. Our case series supports the hypothesis of IL-1 blockade as an important disease modifying treatment in those patients with severe late stage COVID-19, with evidence of cytokine storm. We believe that administering intravenous anakinra at the height of the cytokine storm has profound beneficial effects, both clinically and biochemically on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anakinra is a selective IL-1 inhibitor, which has been used in the context of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Although usually given in the subcutaneous form, previous anecdotal reports have emphasized its utility when given intravenously. Our aim is to report our experience on the beneficial effects of intravenous anakinra in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and evidence of hyperinflammation. METHODS: We report 4 patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring intensive care admission and ventilatory support. RESULTS: All four patients showed evidence of deterioration with hyperferritinaemia, and increasing oxygen requirements, with supra-added bacterial infections. Upon commencement of intravenous anakinra, there was subsequent improvement in the patients clinically with reducing ventilatory support and inotropic support, and biochemically, with rapid improvement in inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION: Intravenous anakinra is safe to use in patients with COVID-19 and evidence of supra-added bacterial infection. Although its utility has not been confirmed in a randomized trial, current research in the COVID-19 pandemic aims to establish the utility of immunosuppression, including IL-1 blockade on the outcomes of patients with moderate to severe disease. Our case series support its use in patients with severe-life threatening COVID-19 and evidence of hyperinflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkaa040 doi: 10.1093/rap/rkaa040 id: cord-253958-8lhzgqfr author: Clark, T. W. title: Diagnostic accuracy of a host response point-of-care test for identifying COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 words: 4067.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253958-8lhzgqfr.txt summary: The sample size for this sub-study was driven by consideration for estimating sensitivity of FebriDx MxA for the identification of COVID-19 (as defined by the reference standard of detection of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR on respiratory samples) and of the methods proposed by Riley et al 12 for multivariable predictive models. As the antiviral host response to SARS-CoV-2 would be expected to wane over time, but detection of viral RNA by PCR may persist for several weeks, a secondary analysis was pre-specified to assess diagnostic accuracy in those who have had duration of less than seven days. Although direct comparison of accuracy was not possible due to samples size, the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of FebriDx appeared comparable for patients presenting before and after 7 days of symptom duration. In this large, real-world study we have shown that that the detection of the antiviral host response protein MxA using the FebriDx point-of-care test had high sensitivity for the identification of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. abstract: Rationale Management of the COVID-19 pandemic is hampered by long delays associated with centralised laboratory PCR testing. In hospitals this leads to poor patient flow and nosocomial transmission and rapid, accurate diagnostic tests are urgently required. The FebriDx is a point-of-care test that detects an antiviral host response protein in finger prick blood within 10 minutes, but its accuracy for the detection of COVID-19 is unknown. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx in hospitalised patients during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated based on FebriDx results compared to the reference standard of PCR, and stratified by duration of symptoms. A multivariable predictive model was developed and underwent internal validation. Results FebriDx was performed on 251 patients and gave a valid result in 248. 118 of 248 (48%) were PCR positive for COVID-19. Sensitivity of FebriDx for the identification of COVID-19 was 93% (110/118; 95% CI 87 to 97%) and specificity was 86% (112/130; 95%CI 79 to 92%). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.73 (95%CI 4.37 to 10.37) and 0.08 (95%CI 0.04 to 0.15) respectively. In the multivariate model diagnosis of COVID-19 was not significantly influenced by clinical symptoms and signs, and FebriDx accuracy was not improved by restricting testing to those with duration of symptoms of less than seven days. Conclusions During the first wave of the pandemic, FebriDx had high sensitivity for the identification of COVID-19 in hospitalised adults and could be deployed as a front door triage tool. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.27.20114512v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20114512 id: cord-030138-250u4nxi author: Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron title: Maintaining critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic: hurricane preparations by US energy companies date: 2020-08-06 words: 3858.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030138-250u4nxi.txt summary: title: Maintaining critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic: hurricane preparations by US energy companies To do so, the commentary focuses on the steps that one energy organization, the US regional electric transmission operator (RTO) PJM, is taking to ensuring critical infrastructure resilience during the upcoming hurricane season in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers working to maintain critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic can take several lessons from PJM''s experience preparing for the hurricane season and use them to enhance resilience. This commentary overviewed how policymakers can maintain critical infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic by describing the activities that PJM was undertaking to prepare for the upcoming hurricane season. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to compromise the ability of critical infrastructure utilities to respond to or mitigate natural hazards like wildfires and hurricanes. This article describes the ways that an energy organization, the regional transmission operator PJM, is preparing for hurricanes during the COVID-19 pandemic. PJM is using a combination of technological and organizational processes to prepare for hurricanes during the pandemic. Activities include the development of a third control room to increase redundancy and maintaining social distance at control center, investment in more resilient communications technology to maintain connectivity, and taking a holistic approach to identifying issues related to supply chain and fuel security. With this mix of organizational and technological processes, we argue that critical infrastructure resilience should be understood as a sociotechnical construct and identify several recommendations for improving resilience. The article has implications for policymakers working to maintain infrastructure resilience to natural hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7407442/ doi: 10.1186/s43065-020-00010-1 id: cord-253393-3y5bb8f0 author: Clarke, Mattea title: Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland date: 2020-06-22 words: 2861.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253393-3y5bb8f0.txt summary: METHODS: The IPS National Infection Control Team, in collaboration with the National Quality Improvement (QI) team and Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland, implemented a programme to develop and train in-prison contact tracing teams (CTTs). Within the IPS, contact tracing is commenced for all confirmed and highly probable cases of COVID-19 amongst both detainees and prison sta (see Box 1 for case definitions). 7 Furthermore, the absence of any confirmed cases of COVID-19 amongst detainees in the IPS means that it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the e ectiveness of this contact tracing approach in preventing transmission or outbreaks within the prison estate in Ireland. Every country is likely to need to implement a range of measures to prevent and control outbreaks of COVID-19 in PPDs. A partnership approach involving community public health expertise, QI input and support and prison resources can provide an e ective mechanism for contact tracing of COVID-19 cases within the vulnerable prison setting. abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventing transmission of COVID-19 within prisons is both important and challenging. The confined conditions in prisons can encourage person-to-person spread with the potential for outbreaks occurring. Contact tracing is an important contributor to the longer-term management strategy for COVID-19 in prisons as well as in the community but is highly resource-intensive. This paper describes the approach to contact tracing taken by the Irish Prison Service (IPS). METHODS: The IPS National Infection Control Team, in collaboration with the National Quality Improvement (QI) team and Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland, implemented a programme to develop and train in-prison contact tracing teams (CTTs). CTTs were run by prison staff with experience of working with detainees, prison IT systems and CCTV. Protocols for undertaking contact tracing for both detainee and staff cases of COVID-19 were established. RESULTS: All prisons, and two support agencies, within the IPS now have fully functional in-prison CTTs. Every CTT has responded to at least one case COVID-19, undertaken contact tracing and instigated quarantine of contacts. CONCLUSIONS: A partnership approach with development of prison-led CTTs can provide an effective mechanism for contact tracing of COVID-19 cases within the prison setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32567653/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa092 id: cord-311758-wof4yi39 author: Clauw, Daniel J. title: Considering the potential for an increase in chronic pain after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 words: 3182.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311758-wof4yi39.txt summary: The experience of living within this pandemic has disrupted daily life across all sectors, including those living with chronic pain (CP), those infected with the coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV2, healthcare providers and essential workers, as well as those who remained physically healthy. Specific possibilities might include: (1) CP as part of a postviral syndrome or the result of viral-associated organ damage; (2) worsening of CP due to exacerbation of preexisting pain physical or mental complaints; and (3) CP newly triggered in individuals not infected with COVID by exacerbation of risk factors (poor sleep, inactivity, fear, anxiety, and depression). In a small study of 22 subjects (21 of whom were healthcare workers) infected during the SARS epidemic, a chronic post-SARS syndrome consisting of fatigue, diffuse myalgia, depression, and nonrestorative sleep persisted for almost 2 years. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501861/ doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001950 id: cord-300132-lbbibqv3 author: Clifford, Christopher T. title: Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data date: 2020-11-07 words: 2830.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300132-lbbibqv3.txt summary: title: Association between COVID-19 diagnosis and presenting chief complaint from New York City triage data Conclusion: A novel high risk COVID-19 patient population was identified from chief complaint data, which is different from current suggested CDC guidelines, and may help triage systems to better isolate COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: A novel high risk COVID-19 patient population was identified from chief complaint data, which is different from current suggested CDC guidelines, and may help triage systems to better isolate COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between different triage chief complaints and COVID-19 status by retroactively looking at a large set of COVID-19 RT-PCR testing done in the ED. It is important for physicians in the ED to test elderly patients for COVID-19 if they present with atypical chief complaints as described above in order to reduce spread of the disease amongst a vulnerable population and increase quality of care. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: New York City (NYC) is an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Proper triage of patients with possible COVID-19 via chief complaint is critical but not fully optimized. This study aimed to investigate the association between presentation by chief complaints and COVID-19 status. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed adult emergency department (ED) patient visits from five different NYC hospital campuses (hospital blinded) from March 1, 2020 to May 13, 2020 of patients who underwent nasopharyngeal COVID-19 RT-PCR testing. The positive and negative COVID-19 cohorts were then assessed for different chief complaints obtained from structured triage data. Sub-analysis was performed for patients older than 65 and within chief complaints with high mortality. RESULTS: Of 11,992 ED patient visits who received COVID-19 testing, 6524/11992 (54.4%) were COVID-19 positive. 73.5% of fever, 67.7% of shortness of breath, and 65% of cough had COVID-19, but others included 57.5% of weakness/fall/altered mental status, 55.5% of glycemic control, and 51.4% of gastrointestinal symptoms. In patients over 65, 76.7% of diarrhea, 73.7% of fatigue, and 69.3% of weakness had COVID-19. 45.5% of dehydration, 40.5% of altered mental status, 27% of fall, and 24.6% of hyperglycemia patients experienced mortality. CONCLUSION: A novel high risk COVID-19 patient population was identified from chief complaint data, which is different from current suggested CDC guidelines, and may help triage systems to better isolate COVID-19 patients. Older patients with COVID-19 infection presented with more atypical complaints warranting special consideration. COVID-19 was associated with higher mortality in a unique group of complaints also warranting special consideration. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720309864?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.11.006 id: cord-302336-zj3oixvk author: Clift, Ash K title: Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study date: 2020-10-21 words: 7352.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302336-zj3oixvk.txt summary: 13 The use of primary care datasets with linkage to registries such as death records, hospital admissions data, and covid-19 testing results represents a novel approach to clinical risk prediction modelling for covid-19. Patients entered the cohort on 24 January 2020 (date of first confirmed case of covid-19 in the UK) and were followed up until they had the outcome of interest or the end of the first study period (30 April 2020), which was the date up to which linked data were available at the time of the derivation of the model, or the second time period (1 May 2020 until 30 June 2020) for the temporal cohort validation. 25 D statistics (a discrimination measure that quantifies the separation in survival between patients with different levels of predicted risks) and Harrell''s C statistics (a discrimination metric that quantifies the extent to which people with higher risk scores have earlier events) were evaluated at 97 days (the maximum followup period available at the time of the derivation of the model) and 60 days for the second temporal validation, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate a risk prediction algorithm to estimate hospital admission and mortality outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adults. DESIGN: Population based cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: QResearch database, comprising 1205 general practices in England with linkage to covid-19 test results, Hospital Episode Statistics, and death registry data. 6.08 million adults aged 19-100 years were included in the derivation dataset and 2.17 million in the validation dataset. The derivation and first validation cohort period was 24 January 2020 to 30 April 2020. The second temporal validation cohort covered the period 1 May 2020 to 30 June 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to death from covid-19, defined as death due to confirmed or suspected covid-19 as per the death certification or death occurring in a person with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the period 24 January to 30 April 2020. The secondary outcome was time to hospital admission with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Models were fitted in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations using a range of predictor variables. Performance, including measures of discrimination and calibration, was evaluated in each validation time period. RESULTS: 4384 deaths from covid-19 occurred in the derivation cohort during follow-up and 1722 in the first validation cohort period and 621 in the second validation cohort period. The final risk algorithms included age, ethnicity, deprivation, body mass index, and a range of comorbidities. The algorithm had good calibration in the first validation cohort. For deaths from covid-19 in men, it explained 73.1% (95% confidence interval 71.9% to 74.3%) of the variation in time to death (R(2)); the D statistic was 3.37 (95% confidence interval 3.27 to 3.47), and Harrell’s C was 0.928 (0.919 to 0.938). Similar results were obtained for women, for both outcomes, and in both time periods. In the top 5% of patients with the highest predicted risks of death, the sensitivity for identifying deaths within 97 days was 75.7%. People in the top 20% of predicted risk of death accounted for 94% of all deaths from covid-19. CONCLUSION: The QCOVID population based risk algorithm performed well, showing very high levels of discrimination for deaths and hospital admissions due to covid-19. The absolute risks presented, however, will change over time in line with the prevailing SARS-C0V-2 infection rate and the extent of social distancing measures in place, so they should be interpreted with caution. The model can be recalibrated for different time periods, however, and has the potential to be dynamically updated as the pandemic evolves. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082154/ doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3731 id: cord-337720-kmwft059 author: Closson, Kalysha title: When Home is Not a Safe Place: Impacts of Social Distancing Directives on Women Living with HIV date: 2020-06-02 words: 1741.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337720-kmwft059.txt summary: As HIV care, research participation, and workplace settings are being transitioned to virtual and telephone-based methods, women living with HIV experiencing violence are less able to connect to critical social and protective networks [18] . As such, necessary social distancing measures have the potential to impact the rates and consequences of IPV, increasing social isolation and mental health concerns, which taken together can hinder women living with HIV''s access to, and use of, HIV treatment and violence support, further than they already experience [9, 17] . As social distancing measures limit access to supports, such as family, friends, and health care provides, that help women living with HIV cope with experiences of violence and histories of trauma, research is needed to understand the unique ways in which women living with HIV have developed resilience and coping strategies during COVID-19 restrictions and how these can be best supported. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02941-y doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02941-y id: cord-305110-mujpekyu author: Cloud, David H. title: Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 2334.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305110-mujpekyu.txt summary: Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. 10 Many advocates fear that use of isolation to curb transmission of COVID-19 in correctional facilities will complicate the emerging crisis, as incarcerated people become reluctant to report symptoms for fear of being moved to solitary confinement, those who do report symptoms will be forced to endure an experience known to cause psychological and physical harm, and system-wide unrest will be triggered in institutions where fears about being placed in medical isolation could run rampant. Yet, quarantine and medical isolation in response to COVID-19 are necessary to halt the spread of infection; without them, containment of disease transmission will be exceedingly difficult if not impossible, posing significant health risks to incarcerated people, correctional healthcare providers, security staff, and the families and communities to which workers return at the end of each shift. abstract: In the face of the continually worsening COVID-19 pandemic, jails and prisons have become the greatest vectors of community transmission and are a point of heightened crisis and fear within the global crisis. Critical public health tools to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 are medical isolation and quarantine, but use of these tools is complicated in prisons and jails where decades of overuse of punitive solitary confinement is the norm. This has resulted in advocates denouncing the use of any form of isolation and attorneys litigating to end its use. It is essential to clarify the critical differences between punitive solitary confinement and the ethical use of medical isolation and quarantine during a pandemic. By doing so, then all those invested in stopping the spread of COVID-19 in prisons can work together to integrate medically sound, humane forms of medical isolation and quarantine that follow community standards of care rather than punitive forms of solitary confinement to manage COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632787/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05968-y id: cord-265169-bmwdpzqe author: Co, Christian Oliver C. title: Acute Stroke Care Algorithm in a Private Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Third World Country Experience date: 2020-06-20 words: 1768.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265169-bmwdpzqe.txt summary: METHODS: Infection control recommendations, emergency department protocols and stroke response pathways utilized prior to the COVID 19 pandemic within our institution were evaluated by our stroke team in collaboration with the multidisciplinary healthcare services. Our algorithm ensures proper resource management while optimizing acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic in our local setting. For this reason, we have made it a practice that all patients referred to the stroke team are treated as possible or suspected cases of COVID-19 throughout the brain attack pathway until workup results are released. While ongoing telemedicine consultation, the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography) department is pre-alerted as soon as there is a decision for imaging to allow radiology technicians time to don their proper PPEs. Acute stroke patients to undergo imaging will utilize dedicated MRI or CT machines without perfusion studies, solely for use of possible or suspected COVID-19 patients, pending COVID-19 results. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Since the declaration of the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, ensuring the safety of our medical team while delivering timely management has been a challenge. Acute stroke patients continue to present to the emergency department and they may not have the usual symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Stroke team response and management must be done within the shortest possible time to minimize worsening of the functional outcome without compromising safety of the medical team. METHODS: Infection control recommendations, emergency department protocols and stroke response pathways utilized prior to the COVID 19 pandemic within our institution were evaluated by our stroke team in collaboration with the multidisciplinary healthcare services. Challenges during the COVID-19 scenario were identified, from which a revised acute stroke care algorithm was formulated to adapt to this pandemic. RESULTS: We formulated an algorithm that incorporates practices from internationally devised protocols while tailoring certain aspects to suit the available resources in our system locally. We highlighted the significance of the following: team role designation, coordination among different subspecialties and departments, proper use of personal protective equipment and resources, and telemedicine use during this pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This pandemic has shaped the stroke team's approach in the management of acute stroke patients. Our algorithm ensures proper resource management while optimizing acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic in our local setting. This algorithm may be utilized and adapted for local practice and other third world countries who face similar constraints. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105059 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105059 id: cord-265833-vj5nrip6 author: Coates, P Toby title: The Forgotten Fallen: painful reality of a pandemic date: 2020-06-15 words: 394.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265833-vj5nrip6.txt summary: When COVID-19 became a global pandemic, health professionals were particularly concerned of the potential risk it might impose on the most vulnerable groups, including our kidney and kidney pancreas transplant recipients. Emerging data from the US and Europe indicated the risk of early deaths for hospitalised transplant recipients is at least 20% 1 , and these patients experienced more rapid disease progression and lower lymphocyte counts than immunocompetent patients with COVID-19 2 . For those who did not suffer from the direct and devastating impact of the disease, COVID-19 added a layer of complexity including fear, anxiety and apprehension, making it extremely difficult to care for these patients who are immunosuppressive therapy who all presented acute rejection after stopping their medications during the social distancing "stay at home" orders, and the dilemma''s faced by these patients are global. COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation. Kidney transplantation trends in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unusually high rates of acute rejection during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Cause for concern? abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253820306591?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.002 id: cord-339336-vea7a1rm author: Coates, P. Toby title: A Kidney International “Journal of the COVID-19 Year” in Kidney Transplantation date: 2020-10-19 words: 369.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339336-vea7a1rm.txt summary: Population based mortality data provided on 4298 patients from Spain and France were reported to the Registry covering the period from 1 st February 2020 till 30 th April 2020. A second report in this issue of the Journal uses the French Cristal Registry in combination with the COVID-19 specific registry to provide a more detailed insight to COVID-19 in France -the IMPORTANT study (6) . Over 42,000 kidney transplant recipients and 16000 wait listed patients are studied in this report which covers the peak of the first wave pandemic in M An initial report from the French SOT COVID Registry suggests high mortality due to Covid-19 in recipients of kidney transplants ZA Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe IMPact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the moRTAlity of renal transplant recipients and candidates: a French Nationwide registry sTudy (IMPORTANT) COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients at the Epicenter of pandemics abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.006 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.006 id: cord-222664-4qyrtzhu author: Coban, Mathew title: Attacking COVID-19 Progression using Multi-Drug Therapy for Synergetic Target Engagement date: 2020-07-06 words: 11220.0 sentences: 638.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-222664-4qyrtzhu.txt summary: We have therefore initiated a computational dynamics drug pipeline using molecular modeling, structure simulation, docking and machine learning models to predict the inhibitory activity of several million compounds against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactors; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsins L and K, and Mpro to prevent binding, membrane fusion and replication of the virus, respectively. Using a computational pipeline that aimed to expeditiously identify lead compounds against COVID-19, we combined compound library preparation, molecular modeling, and structure simulations to generate an ensemble of conformations and increase high quality docking outcomes against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactions; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsin L and K, and M pro that are known to control both viral binding, entry and virus replication (Fig. 1A) . abstract: COVID-19 is a devastating respiratory and inflammatory illness caused by a new coronavirus that is rapidly spreading throughout the human population. Over the past 6 months, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, has already infected over 11.6 million (25% located in United States) and killed more than 540K people around the world. As we face one of the most challenging times in our recent history, there is an urgent need to identify drug candidates that can attack SARS-CoV-2 on multiple fronts. We have therefore initiated a computational dynamics drug pipeline using molecular modeling, structure simulation, docking and machine learning models to predict the inhibitory activity of several million compounds against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactors; S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsins L and K, and Mpro to prevent binding, membrane fusion and replication of the virus, respectively. All together we generated an ensemble of structural conformations that increase high quality docking outcomes to screen over>6 million compounds including all FDA-approved drugs, drugs under clinical trial (>3000) and an additional>30 million selected chemotypes from fragment libraries. Our results yielded an initial set of 350 high value compounds from both new and FDA-approved compounds that can now be tested experimentally in appropriate biological model systems. We anticipate that our results will initiate screening campaigns and accelerate the discovery of COVID-19 treatments. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02557v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-327486-hu1clc79 author: Cobianchi, Lorenzo title: To a New Normal: Surgery and COVID-19 during the Transition Phase date: 2020-06-02 words: 1693.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327486-hu1clc79.txt summary: Addressing such topics now in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic may allow medical systems and surgical departments to become stronger in response to the challenges of the current situation, thereby develop antifragile strategies so that they will be better equipped to handle future unexpected challenges. The potential COVID-19 related risks of surgery should routinely be part of the informed consent process that every patient agrees to before hospital admission. In the Emergency Phase, the potential added risks of surgery if a patient is COVID-positive have been largely underrated due to the need for rapid decision making and the urgency of the surgery performed. Some members of the surgical staff in many departments were redeployed to the care of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the emergency phase. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 emergency must lead to new strategies for a substantial rearrangement of the routine surgical practice; ensuring that the quality standards and the safety of workers and patients are preserved. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000004083 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004083 id: cord-292341-uo54ghf3 author: Cocconcelli, Elisabetta title: Clinical Features and Chest Imaging as Predictors of Intensity of Care in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 5195.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292341-uo54ghf3.txt summary: Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with level of care revealed that sex, age, smoking history, FiO2, pO2 in room air at admission, bacterial co-infections developed during hospitalization, CVDs, metabolic and oncologic diseases and chest X-ray global score had significant positive association with a higher level of care in the entire study population (Table 3) . This is a retrospective analysis of clinical features and radiographic severity scores in patients with COVID-19 and how these parameters on hospital admission correlate with different levels of medical care (i.e., HIMC vs. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic with lung disease representing the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Conventional chest-X ray (CXR) and ultrasound (US) are valuable instruments to assess the extent of lung involvement. We investigated the relationship between CXR scores on admission and the level of medical care required in patients with COVID-19. Further, we assessed the CXR-US correlation to explore the role of ultrasound in monitoring the course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical features and CXR scores were obtained at admission and correlated with the level of intensity of care required [high- (HIMC) versus low-intensity medical care (LIMC)]. In a subgroup of patients, US findings were correlated with clinical and radiographic parameters. On hospital admission, CXR global score was higher in HIMCs compared to LIMC. Smoking history, pO(2) on admission, cardiovascular and oncologic diseases were independent predictors of HIMC. The US score was positively correlated with FiO(2) while the correlation with CXR global score only trended towards significance. Our study identifies clinical and radiographic features that strongly correlate with higher levels of medical care. The role of lung ultrasound in this setting remains undetermined and needs to be explored in larger prospective studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947904/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9092990 id: cord-284470-so8bq046 author: Coe, Taylor M. title: Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 words: 466.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284470-so8bq046.txt summary: title: Practical Techniques to Adapt Surgical Resident Education to the COVID-19 Era 2 Herein, we describe several practical strategies for resident education focused on operative preparation, educational didactics and skills development and simulation, that transcend the geographical and temporal restrictions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic (Figure 1 ). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, video-based education (VBE) has become an increasingly utilized, effective technique for both knowledge acquisition and operating room preparation. Utilization of online audience response systems and small group-based learning, such as through ZOOM™ breakout rooms, provides a means for not only engaging learners remotely, but also providing instructors an opportunity to assess content understanding and knowledge deficits. These flexible recommendations allow surgical residency programs the opportunity to maintain a rigorous educational experience despite the limitations imposed by COVID-19. Is Video-Based Education an Effective Method in Surgical Education? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000003993 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003993 id: cord-291476-c2i14ili author: Coe, William H. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Inpatient Psychiatry Resident Supervision date: 2020-10-26 words: 1075.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291476-c2i14ili.txt summary: To the Editor: As an intern during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the first author (WC) worked for an entire month on an inpatient adolescent psychiatry unit without ever seeing his attending in person. Both the American Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) and National Neuroscience Curriculum Initiative (NNCI) have created web-based didactics for residents [1, 2] , but these are intended to be additive resources and do not directly address changes to clinical supervision or patient care as a result of the pandemic. Before the pandemic, the 22-bed adolescent unit (for patients ages 13-18) included two clinical teams, each consisting of one attending, one intern, one medical student, and 2-3 social workers. Before the pandemic, teams would come together for morning huddle, rounds, and occasional family meetings or new admissions, but spent a majority of their time in separate work rooms. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-020-01343-5 doi: 10.1007/s40596-020-01343-5 id: cord-307540-dr5m9pfk author: Coelho, Flávio C. title: Assessing the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil: Mobility, morbidity and social vulnerability date: 2020-09-18 words: 3517.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307540-dr5m9pfk.txt summary: Probabilistic models were used to calculate the probability of COVID-19 spread from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the initial hotspots, using mobility data from the pre-epidemic period, while multivariate cluster analysis of socio-economic indices was done to identify areas with similar social vulnerability. To identify regions with high geographical and social vulnerability, we proposed a classification scheme based on three main criteria: population mobility, socio-demographic-economic characteristics, and the available health care infrastructure in terms of hospital capacity. To assess the probability of COVID-19 spreading within Brazil, in the absence of mobility restrictions, we first calculated the effective distance (E f (i,j)) between micro-regions using the air travel data. We computed the effective distance, E f (i,j), between each micro-region and the two COVID-19''s hotspots, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Mostly urban micro-regions, with above-average life expectancy, with comparatively less social inequality, less population living in extreme poverty, better access to water supply and sewage disposal services, higher education. abstract: Brazil detected community transmission of COVID-19 on March 13, 2020. In this study we identified which areas in the country were the most vulnerable for COVID-19, both in terms of the risk of arrival of cases, the risk of sustained transmission and their social vulnerability. Probabilistic models were used to calculate the probability of COVID-19 spread from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the initial hotspots, using mobility data from the pre-epidemic period, while multivariate cluster analysis of socio-economic indices was done to identify areas with similar social vulnerability. The results consist of a series of maps of effective distance, outbreak probability, hospital capacity and social vulnerability. They show areas in the North and Northeast with high risk of COVID-19 outbreak that are also highly socially vulnerable. Later, these areas would be found the most severely affected. The maps produced were sent to health authorities to aid in their efforts to prioritize actions such as resource allocation to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. In the discussion, we address how predictions compared to the observed dynamics of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238214 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238214 id: cord-286413-a7wue2e3 author: Cohen, Isaac V. title: Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports date: 2020-11-05 words: 3609.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt summary: title: Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports The cardiac AEs of these therapeutics are of increased concern since a subset of patients infected with COVID-19 present with cardiac injury, suggesting a relevant cardiovascular involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease 22 . The goal of this study is to reanalyze the extensive clinical data of CQ and HCQ cardiac AEs collected during the last 20 years to derive the strength of the associations and, more importantly, contributing risk factors. In our study we analyzed 702,274 FDA adverse event reports divided into CQ, HCQ and control cohorts to determine their association with cardiac AEs when taking into account other factors. The regression model was instrumental to exclude this aspirin association from the quantification of the direct cardiac side effects of CQ and HCQ, which remained significant after adjustment ( Generalizability of results to COVID-19 treatment with CQ and HCQ. abstract: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medications for treating non-resistant malaria, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, both drugs are currently used off-label in hospitals worldwide and in numerous clinical trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, CQ and HCQ use has been associated with cardiac side effects, which is of concern due to the higher risk of COVID-19 complications in patients with heart related disorders, and increased mortality associated with COVID-19 cardiac complications. In this study we analyzed over thirteen million adverse event reports form the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System to confirm and quantify the association of cardiac side effects of CQ and HCQ. Additionally, we identified several confounding factors, including male sex, NSAID coadministration, advanced age, and prior diagnoses contributing to drug related cardiotoxicity. These findings may help guide therapeutic decision making and ethical trial design for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76258-0 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76258-0 id: cord-349899-3hprecor author: Cohen, J. A. title: Schools are not islands: Balancing COVID-19 risk and educational benefits using structural and temporal countermeasures date: 2020-09-10 words: 6430.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349899-3hprecor.txt summary: We compared seven school reopening strategies that vary the degree of countermeasures within schools to mitigate COVID-19 transmission, including the use of face masks, physical distancing, classroom cohorting, screening, testing, and contact tracing, as well as schedule changes to reduce the number of students in school. For each scenario, we calculated the percentage of schools that would have at least one person arriving at school with an active COVID-19 infection on the first day of school; the percentage of in-person school days that would be lost due to scheduled distance learning, symptomatic screening or quarantine; the cumulative infection rate for students, staff and teachers over the first three months of school; and the effective reproduction number averaged over the first three months of school within the community. abstract: Background: School closures around the world contributed to reducing the transmission of COVID-19. In the face of significant uncertainty around the epidemic impact of in-person schooling, policymakers, parents, and teachers are weighing the risks and benefits of returning to in-person education. In this context, we examined the impact of different school reopening scenarios on transmission within and outside of schools and on the share of school days that would need to be spent learning at a distance. Methods: We used an agent-based mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission and interventions to quantify the impact of school reopening on disease transmission and the extent to which school-based interventions could mitigate epidemic spread within and outside schools. We compared seven school reopening strategies that vary the degree of countermeasures within schools to mitigate COVID-19 transmission, including the use of face masks, physical distancing, classroom cohorting, screening, testing, and contact tracing, as well as schedule changes to reduce the number of students in school. We considered three scenarios for the size of the epidemic in the two weeks prior to school reopening: 20, 50, or 110 detected cases per 100,000 individuals and assumed the epidemic was slowly declining with full school closures. For each scenario, we calculated the percentage of schools that would have at least one person arriving at school with an active COVID-19 infection on the first day of school; the percentage of in-person school days that would be lost due to scheduled distance learning, symptomatic screening or quarantine; the cumulative infection rate for students, staff and teachers over the first three months of school; and the effective reproduction number averaged over the first three months of school within the community. Findings: In-person schooling poses significant risks to students, teachers, and staff. On the first day of school, 5-42% of schools would have at least one person arrive at school with active COVID-19, depending on the incidence of COVID in the community and the school type. However, reducing class sizes via A/B school scheduling, combined with an incremental approach that returns elementary schools in person and keeps all other students remote, can mitigate COVID transmission. In the absence of any countermeasures in schools, we expect 6-25% of teaching and non-teaching staff and 4-20% of students to be infected with COVID in the first three months of school, depending upon the case detection rate. Schools can lower this risk to as low as 0.2% for staff and 0.1% for students by returning elementary schools with a hybrid schedule while all other grades continue learning remotely. However, this approach would require 60-85% of all school days to be spent at home. Despite the significant risks to the school population, reopening schools would not significantly increase community-wide transmission, provided sufficient countermeasures are implemented in schools. Interpretation: Without extensive countermeasures, school reopening may lead to an increase in infections and a significant number of re-closures as cases are identified among staff and students. Returning elementary schools only with A/B scheduling is the lowest risk school reopening strategy that includes some in-person learning. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.08.20190942 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190942 id: cord-340564-3fu914lk author: Cohen, Joseph Paul title: Predicting COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity on Chest X-ray With Deep Learning date: 2020-07-28 words: 3257.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340564-3fu914lk.txt summary: In this study, we present a severity score prediction model for COVID-19 pneumonia for frontal chest X-ray images. A neural network model that was pre-trained on large (non-COVID-19) chest X-ray datasets is used to construct features for COVID-19 images which are predictive for our task. Results This study finds that training a regression model on a subset of the outputs from this pre-trained chest X-ray model predicts our geographic extent score (range 0-8) with 1.14 mean absolute error (MAE) and our lung opacity score (range 0-6) with 0.78 MAE. In this work, we built and studied a model which predicts the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia, based on CXRs, to be used as an assistive tool when managing patient care. This "pre-training" step was performed on a large set of data in order to construct general representations about lungs and other aspects of CXRs that we would have been unable to achieve on the small set of COVID-19 images available. abstract: Introduction The need to streamline patient management for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become more pressing than ever. Chest X-rays (CXRs) provide a non-invasive (potentially bedside) tool to monitor the progression of the disease. In this study, we present a severity score prediction model for COVID-19 pneumonia for frontal chest X-ray images. Such a tool can gauge the severity of COVID-19 lung infections (and pneumonia in general) that can be used for escalation or de-escalation of care as well as monitoring treatment efficacy, especially in the ICU. Methods Images from a public COVID-19 database were scored retrospectively by three blinded experts in terms of the extent of lung involvement as well as the degree of opacity. A neural network model that was pre-trained on large (non-COVID-19) chest X-ray datasets is used to construct features for COVID-19 images which are predictive for our task. Results This study finds that training a regression model on a subset of the outputs from this pre-trained chest X-ray model predicts our geographic extent score (range 0-8) with 1.14 mean absolute error (MAE) and our lung opacity score (range 0-6) with 0.78 MAE. Conclusions These results indicate that our model’s ability to gauge the severity of COVID-19 lung infections could be used for escalation or de-escalation of care as well as monitoring treatment efficacy, especially in the ICU. To enable follow up work, we make our code, labels, and data available online. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9448 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9448 id: cord-316485-t6xfjqkb author: Cohn-Schwartz, Ella title: Societal views of older adults as vulnerable and a burden to society during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from an Israeli nationally representative sample date: 2020-09-03 words: 2472.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316485-t6xfjqkb.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To examine the factors associated with older adults'' perceptions of ageism in society during the COVID-19 outbreak, in particular the portrayal of older people as a burden and as vulnerable METHODS: Data are based on a nationally-representative survey of adults aged 50+ in Israel, conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak (N=888). The independent variables were dying anxiety, experiences of age-based discriminations and social resources RESULTS: Participants who believed older adults were perceived as a burden during the COVID-19 outbreak had higher dying anxiety and reported more age-based discrimination. Participants who believed older adults were perceived as vulnerable had higher dying anxiety and were less likely to live with children DISCUSSION: The daily lives of older adults can impact their perceptions of societal ageism during the COVID-19 outbreak Individuals who thought that older adults are perceived as a burden were also older, had worse health, reported higher dying anxiety, experienced age-based discrimination in healthcare, were less likely to live with children and had less contact with their family and friends. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the factors associated with older adults' perceptions of ageism in society during the COVID-19 outbreak, in particular the portrayal of older people as a burden and as vulnerable METHODS: Data are based on a nationally-representative survey of adults aged 50+ in Israel, conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak (N=888). Regression models predicted perceptions of societal ageism. The independent variables were dying anxiety, experiences of age-based discriminations and social resources RESULTS: Participants who believed older adults were perceived as a burden during the COVID-19 outbreak had higher dying anxiety and reported more age-based discrimination. Living with children and contact with family were protective against perceptions of adults as a burden. Participants who believed older adults were perceived as vulnerable had higher dying anxiety and were less likely to live with children DISCUSSION: The daily lives of older adults can impact their perceptions of societal ageism during the COVID-19 outbreak url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa150 doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa150 id: cord-025176-f0frlpwh author: Coimbra, Raul title: Resuming elective surgical services in times of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been devastating to the healthcare system. As the positive effects of social distancing, mandatory masking, and societal lockdown on the spread of the disease and its incidence in the community were documented, societal and financial pressures mounted worldwide, prompting efforts to “re-open” countries, states, communities, businesses, and schools. The same happened with hospital, which had to start developing strategies to resume elective surgery activities. This manuscript describes the pre-requisites as well as the strategies for resuming surgical activity, be it in the outpatient or inpatient setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246095/ doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2020-000511 id: cord-284786-pua14ogz author: Coker, Eric S. title: The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy date: 2020-08-04 words: 7036.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284786-pua14ogz.txt summary: In this paper, we empirically investigate the ecologic association between long-term concentrations of area-level fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and excess deaths in the first quarter of 2020 in municipalities of Northern Italy. We estimate a negative binomial model of excessive deaths on historical PM 2.5 concentrations and a series of control variables that may plausibly affect both PM 2.5 concentration and mortality, including population density; the spatial concentration of the industrial manufacturing sites; climatic conditions observed during the first quarter of 2020; and the demographic composition of the municipal population among others. Among the covariates, PM is the concentration of fine particulate matter in municipality i and is the associated parameter, which we expect positive and statistically different from zero; X is a vector of control variables that adjusts for the potential confounding effects and includes the (log of) total population as the offset while is a normally-distributed error term. abstract: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant concentrations is known to cause chronic lung inflammation, a condition that may promote increased severity of COVID-19 syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we empirically investigate the ecologic association between long-term concentrations of area-level fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and excess deaths in the first quarter of 2020 in municipalities of Northern Italy. The study accounts for potentially spatial confounding factors related to urbanization that may have influenced the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and related COVID-19 mortality. Our epidemiological analysis uses geographical information (e.g., municipalities) and negative binomial regression to assess whether both ambient PM(2.5) concentration and excess mortality have a similar spatial distribution. Our analysis suggests a positive association of ambient PM(2.5) concentration on excess mortality in Northern Italy related to the COVID-19 epidemic. Our estimates suggest that a one-unit increase in PM(2.5) concentration (µg/m(3)) is associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval: 6–12%) increase in COVID-19 related mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836855/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00486-1 id: cord-260854-v7wgb6mr author: Colafrancesco, Serena title: COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome? date: 2020-05-05 words: 3340.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260854-v7wgb6mr.txt summary: The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term "hyperferritinemic syndrome" and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still''s disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and "hyperferritinemic syndromes" which would allow considering this entity as the fifth member of the spectrum of inflammatory conditions. The umbrella term "hyperferritinemic syndrome" encompasses four clinical conditions, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still''s disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS), and septic shock, all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life -threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi -organ failure [1] . abstract: The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term “hyperferritinemic syndrome” and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and “hyperferritinemic syndromes” are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and “hyperferritinemic syndromes” which would allow considering this entity as the fifth member of the spectrum of inflammatory conditions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S156899722030135X doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573 id: cord-353615-9aj5yxkd author: Colaneri, Marta title: Running out of bullets: the challenging management of acute hepatitis and SARS‐COV‐2 from the SMatteo COvid19 Registry (SMACORE) date: 2020-07-17 words: 1604.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353615-9aj5yxkd.txt summary: Since several of the currently administered drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are possibly hepatotoxic, the management of patients with COVID‐19 and liver failure is still an almost unexplored field. Beyond the well-known catastrophic pulmonary effects of coronavirus disease 2019 , the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been associated with a significant damage to other organ systems, including kidney, heart, vessels and liver (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) . et al (12) , patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection with liver injury and coagulation dysfunction were more likely to develop severe illness and had higher mortality. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatitis B virus Co-infection Characteristics of liver function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection abstract: Liver impairment is frequent in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and direct viral tropism for the liver has been proven. Since several of the currently administered drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are possibly hepatotoxic, the management of patients with COVID‐19 and liver failure is still an almost unexplored field. Taking this challenging case of acute HBV with persistent hyperbilirubinemia and SARS‐COV‐2 infection with respiratory distress as a starting point, we here loop through this condition. Where the available therapeutic options are scarce, we here propose hemoperfusion (HP) as an attractive alternative to both delay any late‐stage progression of hyper inflammation process in COVID‐19 and remove the toxins involved in acute liver failure. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14609 doi: 10.1111/liv.14609 id: cord-288998-0by0bkgs author: Colarusso, Chiara title: A lesson from a saboteur: high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) impact in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 3857.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288998-0by0bkgs.txt summary: In the attempt to understand how the virus spreads and how to pharmacologically abolish it, it was highlighted that SARS‐CoV‐2 infects human cells by means of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (M(pro)). Our attention has been focused on the role of ACE2 in that its blockade by the virus increases Bradykinin and its metabolites, well known to facilitate inflammation in the lung (responsible for cough and fever), facilitate both the coagulation and complement system, three mechanisms that are typical of angioedema, cardiovascular dysfunction and sepsis, pathologies which symptoms occur in COVID‐19 patients. Once SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 , the enzyme is blocked, therefore, leading to what we are actually assisting in terms of high blood pressure in COVID-19 patients and pulmonary edema up to angioedema, which underlies the fact that physiologically ACE2 cleaves several bioactive peptides, among which [des-Arg 9 ]bradykinin ([des-Arg 9 ]BK) (Vickers et al. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a newly identified coronavirus which has spread from China to the rest of the world causing the pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). It has fatality rate that floats from 5 to 15% and the symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia and/or fatigue up to dyspnea, responsible for hospitalization and in most of the cases of artificial oxygenation. In the attempt to understand how the virus spreads and how to pharmacologically abolish it, it was highlighted that SARS‐CoV‐2 infects human cells by means of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (M(pro)). Once bound to its receptor ACE2, the other two proteases, in concert with the receptor‐mediated signaling, allow virus replication and spread throughout the body. Our attention has been focused on the role of ACE2 in that its blockade by the virus increases Bradykinin and its metabolites, well known to facilitate inflammation in the lung (responsible for cough and fever), facilitate both the coagulation and complement system, three mechanisms that are typical of angioedema, cardiovascular dysfunction and sepsis, pathologies which symptoms occur in COVID‐19 patients. Thus, we propose to pharmacologically block the kallikrein‐kinin system upstream bradykinin and the ensuing inflammation, coagulation and complement activation by means of lanadelumab, which is a clinically approved drug for hereditary angioedema. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32497257/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15154 id: cord-258669-ubw6mdzi author: Colebunders, Robert title: A call for strengthened evidence on targeted, non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 for the protection of vulnerable individuals in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-08-27 words: 2516.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt summary: We suggest investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of distributing COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. Here, we call for the generation and strengthening of evidence to guide non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19, which we illustrate with a practical proposal for assessing the impact of targeted protection of at-risk individuals in settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the early implementation of lockdown measures for COVID-19 control may have contributed to the (initially) low mortality observed in most sub-Saharan Africa countries, the collateral damage resulting from this strategy is becoming increasingly apparent. We therefore propose to complement the extant containment measures in sub-Saharan Africa with more targeted protection strategies, aiming at protecting people at risk of severe COVID-19 disease. One strategy could be to distribute COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. abstract: Since many sub-Saharan African countries started easing their lockdown measures, COVID-19 cases have been on the rise. As COVID- 19 transmission may be difficult to stop in these settings, we propose to complement the existing COVID-19 prevention strategies aiming at reducing overall transmission with more targeted strategies to protect people at risk for severe COVID-19 disease. We suggest investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of distributing COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220306871?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.060 id: cord-290471-xg9d4dex author: Coleman, Brian C title: Adapting to disruption of research during the COVID-19 pandemic while testing nonpharmacological approaches to pain management date: 2020-09-04 words: 3971.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290471-xg9d4dex.txt summary: Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) is currently supporting 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems to evaluate nonpharmacological approaches and integrated pain care models to manage pain and important comorbidities [12] . The rapidly evolving pandemic brought heightened focus of frequent PMC Work Group discussions, which unearthed both immediate and longer-term issues related to effects of the pandemic on the management of chronic pain and our ability to test and deliver integrated care solutions to individuals in at-risk military and veteran populations. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed research progress, with particularly disruptive effects on investigations of addressing urgent public health challenges, such as chronic pain. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Defense (DoD) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) supports 11 large-scale, multisite, embedded pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in military and veteran health systems. The PMC rapidly developed and enacted a plan to address key issues in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PMC tracked and collaborated in developing plans for addressing COVID-19 impacts across multiple domains and characterized the impact of COVID-19 on PCT operations, including delays in recruitment and revisions of study protocols. A harmonized participant questionnaire will facilitate later meta-analyses and cross-study comparisons of the impact of COVID-19 across all 11 PCTs. The pandemic has affected intervention delivery, outcomes, regulatory and ethics issues, participant recruitment, and study design. The PMC took concrete steps to ensure scientific rigor while encouraging flexibility in the PCTs, while paying close attention to minimizing the burden on research participants, investigators, and clinical care teams. Sudden changes in the delivery of pain management interventions will probably alter treatment effects measured via PMC PCTs. Through the use of harmonized instruments and surveys, we are capturing these changes and plan to monitor the impact on research practices, as well as on health outcomes. Analyses of patient-reported measures over time will inform potential relationships between chronic pain, mental health, and various socioeconomic stressors common among Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa074 doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa074 id: cord-279559-mob8dbcr author: Coleman, Carl H. title: Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date: 2020-05-14 words: 1376.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt summary: In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. 6 The global community must commit to supporting clinical trials in LMICs that contribute to the development of locally relevant interventions, while also ensuring that these efforts do not take resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs. 10 These and other strategies to overcome racial disparities in research will be particularly important in Covid-19 clinical trials, given that the disease is infecting and killing African Americans at a disproportionately high rate. abstract: One of the central principles of research ethics is that the benefits and burdens of research with human participants should be equitably distributed. This principle has important implications for where research will be conducted, how participants will be recruited, what questions will be investigated, and who will control the distribution of any innovations that result. In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. If clinical trials are not designed with equity considerations consciously in mind, the response to the pandemic may further exacerbate disparities in health status between population groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/eahr.500055 doi: 10.1002/eahr.500055 id: cord-259605-6qa17pfb author: Coleman, Julia R. title: Maintaining Trauma Care Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urban, Level-1 Trauma Center''s Experience date: 2020-05-01 words: 1244.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259605-6qa17pfb.txt summary: This Surgical Perspectives centers around an urban, Level-1 trauma center''s experience in meeting the challenge to maintain trauma care access and capability during the COVID-19 pandemic. As we increased our ICU capacity for COVID-19 patients, we dedicated the surgical Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Our current teams include trauma, emergency general surgery, and SICU, with a staggered "home cohort" on call and available if any provider becomes ill or demand increases. This is best done by helping other trauma centers identify patients requiring transfer to high level of care and patients with potentially nonsurvivable injuries, as well as letting them know availability to receive transfers and/or consultations through telehealth platforms. Additionally, immediate response of trauma attending surgeon at all levels of alerts has increased quick triage and assessment of the need for additional personnel and resources. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000004001 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004001 id: cord-323966-vj9za3cx author: Collier, Karole T. title: COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race date: 2020-05-20 words: 1378.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323966-vj9za3cx.txt summary: These factors work synergistically with poor social determinants of health to increase vulnerability to COVID-19 and result in egregious disparities in infection rates and morbidity/mortality. In this moment, our response to African American COVID disparities is critical and signifies our call to action for all vulnerable populations affected. As AIDS spread across the U.S., it exposed structural vulnerability within African American communities and the ways in which poor pre-existing health infrastructure contributed to outcome disparities. 3 The AIDS epidemic is the only modern day health crisis we can compare to COVID-19; its lessons require us to have truthful reflection and discussion regarding our progress with disparities and the associations of race with health outcomes. Shortly before our nation had its first surge of COVID-19 patients, the American College of Surgeons published a perspective piece with a specific call to action in addressing disparities and surgical access. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002961020302932 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.026 id: cord-032285-gkd1wb09 author: Collier, Paul title: Reforming the UK financial system to promote regional development in post-COVID Britain date: 2020-08-29 words: 5120.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032285-gkd1wb09.txt summary: The provision of external investment finance for SMEs from banks depends upon collateral, while venture capital, which finances on prospects, depends upon the commercial viability of generating the extensive local knowledge on which judgments must be based. In section IV, we turn to a solution: combining the exceptional capacity of national government to raise finance, with incentivecompatible devolved decision-taking to venture capital with the capacity to deploy it to the minority of SMEs with genuine opportunities for scale-up. Our proposition is that this uncertainty differentially disadvantages finance for SMEs. We know from a new global analysis of large firms, based on 12,000 public CEO briefings to shareholders, that by May 2020 ''uncertainty'' was the word they most commonly used to describe the problems posed by COVID (Hassan et al., 2020) ). An implication is that although large firms continue to have access to finance for investment during COVID uncertainty, they may be reluctant to commit resources to an expansion of production. abstract: The UK government faces a massive post-COVID problem in restructuring failing companies and rebuilding its already depressed regions. A missing part of the solution is to link government as well as private-sector funding to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the regions. The institutional structure that is required has precedents in the UK, which can be used as the basis for reforming the funding of its SMEs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499797/ doi: 10.1093/oxrep/graa028 id: cord-321088-5gu7rnhj author: Collins, Caitlin title: Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-25 words: 4001.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321088-5gu7rnhj.txt summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical resident training experience, assess possible sources of stress or anxiety among surgery residents, and examine how patterns of anxiety vary by resident rank. DESIGN: We developed and disseminated a survey, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), to all general and integrated plastic surgery residents in their clinical years of training at the University of California, San Francisco. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant surge planning required to prepare for it would have a marked impact on the surgical resident training experience and that the inflexible realities of this time would have a significant emotional toll on surgical residents across different ranks and hospital sites. Because we were interested in the impact of COVID-19 on clinically active surgical residents, general and plastic surgery residents in protected research years were excluded from the survey. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically transformed the healthcare community and medical education across the United States. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical resident training experience, assess possible sources of stress or anxiety among surgery residents, and examine how patterns of anxiety vary by resident rank. DESIGN: We developed and disseminated a survey, which included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), to all general and integrated plastic surgery residents in their clinical years of training at the University of California, San Francisco. Statistical analysis of the survey responses was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Post-hoc analysis was performed using the Bonferroni-corrected Dunn test. Survey data were combined with aggregated duty hour information and operative case numbers from select hospitals for March and April of 2019 (historical baseline) and 2020. RESULTS: The overall survey response rate was 73.7% (n=73). With an estimated operative volume reduction of 63.3% for general surgery cases, over 90% of residents expressed concern about the decline in operative exposure. While the senior residents tended to work more shifts, they were not more likely to have higher risk perception scores for contracting COVID-19 nor higher anxiety levels about the possibility of contracting COVID-19. They were, however, significantly more likely to have high GAD-7 scores (≥ 10) when compared to interns (z=-2.82, p-adj=0.014). Overall, residents were more concerned about the general health of loved ones than about their own risk of contracting COVID-19 (U=3,897.5, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: While the work-related experiences of residents varied across a number of factors during the pandemic, residents tended to report similar sources of anxiety. Moving forward, surgical residency training programs will need to develop ways to optimize available surgical experiences and address the unique resident anxieties that an infectious pandemic presents. CORE COMPETENCIES: Practice-Based Learning and Improvement, Medical Knowledge, Patient Care url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931720420302658?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.031 id: cord-030927-wo8r8zny author: Collins, Curtis D title: Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 words: 4470.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030927-wo8r8zny.txt summary: Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. 3, 4 Many of these treatments also come with the potential for significant toxicity and a need for close monitoring, which requires the NOTE PHARMACY DEPARTMENT''S RESPONSE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC leadership of the pharmacist as a key part of the multidisciplinary team. The primary objectives of this analysis are to describe strategies used to standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19 and to quantify the volume and scope of pharmacist interventions during the peak of our pandemic response. • Results of a retrospective descriptive analysis show the quantity and scope of interventions clinical pharmacists are making in the care of patients with COVID-19. The study quantified the volume and scope of interventions by clinical pharmacists in the care of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at our institution. abstract: PURPOSE: The global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented strains on healthcare systems around the world. Challenges surrounding an overwhelming influx of patients with COVID-19 and changes in care dynamics prompt the need for care models and processes that optimize care in this medically complex patient population. The purpose of this report is to describe our institution’s strategy to deploy pharmacy resources and standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This retrospective, descriptive report characterizes documented pharmacy interventions in the acute care of patients admitted for COVID-19 during the period April 1 to April 15, 2020. Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record. RESULTS: A total of 1,572 pharmacist interventions were documented in 197 patients who received a total of 15,818 medication days of therapy during the study period. The average number of interventions per patient was 8. The most common interventions were regimen simplification (15.9%), timing and dosing adjustments (15.4%), and antimicrobial therapy and COVID-19 treatment adjustments (15.2%). Patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit care at any point during their hospital stay accounted for 66.7% of all interventions documented. CONCLUSION: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was optimized through standardized processes. Pharmacists intervened to address a wide scope of medication-related issues, likely contributing to improved management of COVID-19 patients. Results of our analysis demonstrate the vital role pharmacists play as members of multidisciplinary teams during times of crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449257/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa176 id: cord-254218-2wsf7xix author: Collins, Jemima T. title: The Clinical Frailty Scale: Estimating the Prevalence of Frailty in Older Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. The COPE Study date: 2020-09-21 words: 2470.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254218-2wsf7xix.txt summary: Our aims were to assess the prevalence of frailty in older patients hospitalised with COVID-19, their sex and age distribution, and the completion rate of the CFS tool in evaluating frailty. Results: A total of 1277 older patients with COVID-19, aged ≥ 65 (79.9 ± 8.1) years were included in the study, with 98.5% having fully completed CFS. In this European multi-centre cohort study-the COVID-19 in Older People (COPE) study -we aim to describe frailty prevalence estimates in more detail in older people hospitalised with COVID-19, their sex and age distribution, and the completion rate of the CFS. The COPE study primary aims are to evaluate the association of frailty with clinical outcomes and mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19; a full study protocol can be found elsewhere [7] . Our results show that the prevalence of frailty is high (66.9%), when assessed using the CFS in a population aged 65 years and above hospitalised with COVID-19. abstract: Frailty assessed using Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a good predictor of adverse clinical events including mortality in older people. CFS is also an essential criterion for determining ceilings of care in people with COVID-19. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of frailty in older patients hospitalised with COVID-19, their sex and age distribution, and the completion rate of the CFS tool in evaluating frailty. Methods: Data were collected from thirteen sites. CFS was assessed routinely at the time of admission to hospital and ranged from 1 (very fit) to 9 (terminally ill). The completion rate of the CFS was assessed. The presence of major comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease was noted. Results: A total of 1277 older patients with COVID-19, aged ≥ 65 (79.9 ± 8.1) years were included in the study, with 98.5% having fully completed CFS. The total prevalence of frailty (CFS ≥ 5) was 66.9%, being higher in women than men (75.2% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Frailty was found in 161 (44%) patients aged 65–74 years, 352 (69%) in 75–84 years, and 341 (85%) in ≥85 years groups, and increased across the age groups (<0.0001, test for trend). Conclusion: Frailty was prevalent in our cohort of older people admitted to hospital with COVID-19. This indicates that older people who are also frail, who go on to contract COVID-19 may have disease severity significant enough to warrant hospitalization. These data may help inform health care planners and targeted interventions and appropriate management for the frail older person. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5030058 doi: 10.3390/geriatrics5030058 id: cord-270868-4s3q2i6v author: Collins, Lauren F. title: Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia date: 2020-10-01 words: 2170.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270868-4s3q2i6v.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes among persons with HIV hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia BACKGROUND: There are limited data describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes among US persons with HIV (PWH) requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION: The multisite series in the Southern United States provides characteristics and early outcomes of hospitalized PWH with COVID-19. To understand how COVID-19 may affect persons with HIV (PWH) in the Southern United States, a prematurely aging population with a high comorbidity burden [3, 4] , we analyzed cases among hospitalized PWH in Atlanta, Georgia. The prevalence and burden of non-AIDS comorbidities among women living with or at-risk for HIV infection in the United States Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 -Georgia abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes among US persons with HIV (PWH) requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We performed a case series of all PWH sequentially admitted with COVID-19 from 8 March 2020 to 23 April 2020 at three hospitals in Atlanta, Georgia. Sociodemographic, clinical and HIV-associated characteristics were collected. RESULTS: Of 530 confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized during this period, 20 occurred among PWH (3.8%). The median age was 57 (Q1–Q3, 48–62) years, 65% were men, and 85% were non-Hispanic Black. Presenting median symptom duration was 5 (Q1–Q3, 3–7) days; cough (90%), fever (65%), malaise (60%) and dyspnea (60%) were most common. On admission, 40% of patients required oxygenation support and 65% had an abnormal chest radiograph. Median length of hospitalization was 5 (Q1–Q3, 4–12) days, 30% required intensive care, 15% required intubation, and 15% died. Median CD4(+) cell count prior to admission was 425 (Q1–Q3, 262–815) cells/μl and 90% of patients had HIV-1 RNA less than 200 copies/ml. Half of the patients had at least five comorbidities; hypertension (70%), dyslipidemia (60%) and diabetes (45%) were most prevalent. All three patients who died had CD4(+) cell count more than 200, HIV suppression and each had a total of five comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The multisite series in the Southern United States provides characteristics and early outcomes of hospitalized PWH with COVID-19. Nearly all patients had controlled HIV and a high comorbidity burden. Additional study of COVID-19 among PWH is needed to determine the role of age, comorbidities and HIV control in mediating COVID-19 presentation and its sequelae. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002632 doi: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002632 id: cord-274147-jvymoene author: Collins, Obiora C. title: Estimating the impact of lock-down, quarantine and sensitization in a COVID-19 outbreak: lessons from the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-09-17 words: 2662.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274147-jvymoene.txt summary: Using real data on the COVID-19 outbreak from 22 January 2020 to 30 March 2020, we developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of control measures in reducing the spread of the disease. The results of the analyses reveal that, using the data from China, implementing all possible control measures best reduced the rate of secondary infections. In this study, we will explore the control of COVID-19 using a mathematical model with China as a case study and the results could be useful for other countries with a COVID-19 outbreak. In this study, data from China was used to develop a mathematical model for a COVID-19 outbreak that includes the primary control measures used. Using all the data up to 30 March resulted in an R 0 > 1, confirming that the control measures implemented in China were effective in COVID-19 control and, where possible, should be implemented in other countries. abstract: In recent history, COVID-19 is one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks currently affecting humanity globally. Using real data on the COVID-19 outbreak from 22 January 2020 to 30 March 2020, we developed a mathematical model to investigate the impact of control measures in reducing the spread of the disease. Analyses of the model were carried out to determine the dynamics. The results of the analyses reveal that, using the data from China, implementing all possible control measures best reduced the rate of secondary infections. However, quarantine (isolation) of infectious individuals is shown to have the most dominant effect. This possibility emphasizes the need for extensive testing due to the possible prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9933 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9933 id: cord-293315-kx4x2g24 author: Colmenero, I. title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases date: 2020-06-20 words: 2530.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293315-kx4x2g24.txt summary: title: SARS‐CoV‐2 endothelial infection causes COVID‐19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. 4 Most patients have been negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) when tested by PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, and less than 50% have a history of exposure to positive household contacts or previous history of mild upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Lymphocytic vascular damage was the hallmark feature in biopsies from our 7 patients with COVID-19 related chilblains. 25 We have demonstrated the presence of viral particles within endothelial cells in lesional skin biopsies from patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: BACKGROUND: Chilblains ("COVID toes") are being seen with increasing frequency in children and young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Detailed histopathological descriptions of COVID‐19 chilblains have not been reported, and causality of SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been established yet. OBJECTIVE: To describe histopathological features of Covid‐19 chilblains and explore the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the tissue. METHODS: We examined skin biopsies from 7 paediatric patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Immunohistochemistry for SARS‐CoV‐2 was performed in all cases and electron microscopy in one. RESULTS: Histopathology showed variable degrees of lymphocytic vasculitis ranging from endothelial swelling and endothelialitis to fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis. Purpura, superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic inflammation with perieccrine accentuation, oedema, and mild vacuolar interface damage were also seen. SARS‐CoV‐2 immunohistochemistry was positive in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands. Coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells on electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the clinical and histopathological features were similar to other forms of chilblains, the presence of viral particles in the endothelium and the histological evidence of vascular damage, support a causal relation of the lesions with SARS‐CoV‐2. Endothelial damage induced by the virus could be the key mechanism in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 chilblains and perhaps also in a group of patients severely affected by COVID‐19 presenting with features of microangiopathic damage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562567/ doi: 10.1111/bjd.19327 id: cord-355283-ny1ju7vc author: Colombo, L. title: How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism date: 2020-08-12 words: 1953.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355283-ny1ju7vc.txt summary: title: How to manage thromboembolic risk in patient with SARS-CoV-2-related disease in the Emergency Department: a case report of cardiogenic shock due to massive pulmonary embolism Although the most known feature of SARS-CoV-2 associated infection is a mild to severe pneumonia, increasing evidence suggests the existence of an infection-associated risk of both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the exact magnitude of this phenomenon is still unknown. Only a few months have passed since the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , have spread all over the world, resulting in more than 17 million cases, more than 670,000 infection-related deaths [1] and a global health threat that has no comparison in the last decades. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients abstract: BACKGROUND: . Although the most known feature of SARS-CoV-2 associated infection is a mild to severe pneumonia, increasing evidence suggests the existence of an infection-associated risk of both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the exact magnitude of this phenomenon is still unknown. Given that, it is important for the Emergency Physician to remember that a SARS-CoV-2 associated respiratory failure con be caused not only by the pulmonary parenchymal inflammation that characterizes the pneumonia, but also by an associated pulmonary thromboembolism. CASE REPORT: . A healthy 73-years old woman admitted to the ED for dyspnea, fever and thoracic pain. Cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiogram and clinical findings suggested a diagnosis of cardiogenic obstructive shock due to acute pulmonary embolism, successfully treated with thrombolysis. A CT angiography confirmed the pulmonary embolism (EP) diagnosis and showed bilateral pneumonia, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: . Considering the high prevalence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients it is mandatory for the emergency physician to systematically evaluate signs of pulmonary thromboembolism, in order to perform the most patient-tailored therapy as soon as possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834988/ doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101185 id: cord-316345-a1cirnya author: Comas, Carmina title: COVID‐19 and pregnancy: An opportunity to correct an historic gender bias date: 2020-08-02 words: 1447.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316345-a1cirnya.txt summary: Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID‐19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population. Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID-19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population. This pandemic is an opportunity to begin redressing this historic gender bias against pregnant women, and to achieve this, we recommend two actions that are easy to implement, and would have a large impact. Indeed, despite significant variation in protocols between hospitals, most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population, namely performing one of the available molecular tests, such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. abstract: Current literature and clinical guidelines do not include pregnant women as an a priori risk group for COVID‐19. However, a gender vision of health begs the question: Why are pregnant women not considered a risk group for COVID‐19? The answer is clear: historically, most community scientific studies have not considered female gender, or pregnancy as a state, to be a focus of special interest or effort. Unfortunately, this bias seems to be maintained in the COVID‐19 epidemic: most current guidelines for diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy apply the same standard criteria as for the general population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706391/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26350 id: cord-030578-8c77d59p author: Combs, Joshua C. title: SARS CoV-2: a review of current treatment regimens date: 2020-08-11 words: 625.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030578-8c77d59p.txt summary: While supportive treatment remains the standard of care, additional therapeutic regimens including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, immunoenhancers, vitamins, systemic steroids, inhalants, anticoagulants, and convalescent plasma are showing promise. While supportive treatment remains the standard of care, additional therapeutic regimens are showing promise. Categorically, current treatment options can be broken into the following: antiviral, monoclonal antibody, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunoenhancer, vitamin, systemic steroid, inhalant, anticoagulant, and convalescent plasma [2, 3] . Monoclonal antibodies such as Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, and Bevacizumab have shown promise in reduction of disease severity by limiting interleukin-6 production, thereby lessening the cytokine storm and associated acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in severe COVID-19 cases [3] . Systemic steroids and inhalant treatments such as nitric oxide are not recommended for individual treatment of COVID-19 but may be effective as supportive therapy in those with severe viral-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome [2] . abstract: SARS CoV-2, otherwise known as Corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) has left >300,000 dead without a definitive cure in sight. Significant research has been conducted regarding the use of currently available pharmacotherapies and multiple clinical trials are underway to bring new treatments to market. While supportive treatment remains the standard of care, additional therapeutic regimens including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, immunoenhancers, vitamins, systemic steroids, inhalants, anticoagulants, and convalescent plasma are showing promise. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7434002/ doi: 10.1097/grh.0000000000000041 id: cord-285397-rc65rv6r author: Comfort, Louise title: Crisis Decision Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 words: 3817.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285397-rc65rv6r.txt summary: Yet, decades of diminished investment by constituent nations and corresponding charges of mismanagement have left the existing international governance mechanisms, such as WHO, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), without the resources, personnel, monitoring systems or global operational networks necessary to mount an early and effective response. Drawing on research from decision making in complex, dynamic conditions (Hutchins 1995; Comfort 2007; Kahneman 2012) , we examine four basic functions -cognition, communication, coordination, and control-that appear central to governmental decision processes in all countries as public officials grapple with how to recognize, respond, and recover from this deadly, invisible threat. The following section briefly characterizes the policy actions taken by three countries in response to the threat of COVID-19 but focuses on the function of cognition as the initial step toward building effective communication, coordination and control of the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836462/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13252 id: cord-349415-q0g0uqj6 author: Commodari, Elena title: Adolescents in Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Perceived Health Risk, Beliefs, Psychological Experiences and Expectations for the Future date: 2020-09-23 words: 6995.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349415-q0g0uqj6.txt summary: In this scenario, this study aimed to provide a general overview of the perceived risk related to COVID-19 and the psychological experience of quarantine in a large sample of Italian adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy eight adolescents (males = 339; females = 639) living in 13 Italian regions and attending upper secondary school (age range: 13–20, M = 16.57, SD = 1.20), responded to an internet-based questionnaire about perceived health risk related to COVID-19, knowledge and information on measures to control the pandemic, beliefs and opinions on stage two of the quarantine, and psychological experiences related to quarantine. Moreover, it explored perceived health risk related to COVID-19, knowledge and information on measures to control the pandemic, beliefs and opinions on stage two of the quarantine, routines and habits of life that adolescents miss most (such as going out with friends, meeting boyfriend or girlfriend, going to visit their relatives, for a total of six items), and psychological experiences related to quarantine. abstract: Since March 2020, many countries throughout the world have been in lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Italy, the quarantine began on March 9, 2020, and containment measures were partially reduced only on May 4, 2020. The quarantine experience has a significant psychological impact at all ages but can have it above all on adolescents who cannot go to school, play sports, and meet friends. In this scenario, this study aimed to provide a general overview of the perceived risk related to COVID-19 and the psychological experience of quarantine in a large sample of Italian adolescents. Nine hundred and seventy eight adolescents (males = 339; females = 639) living in 13 Italian regions and attending upper secondary school (age range: 13–20, M = 16.57, SD = 1.20), responded to an internet-based questionnaire about perceived health risk related to COVID-19, knowledge and information on measures to control the pandemic, beliefs and opinions on stage two of the quarantine, and psychological experiences related to quarantine. 31.1% of the participants lived in “red zones,” which are places where the government has imposed stricter measures of containment due to exponential and uncontrolled growth in contagion cases compared to other areas in Italy. According to our results, Italian adolescents had a low perception of risk of COVID-19. Perceived comparative susceptibility and perceived seriousness were also very low. However, they were aware of the restriction measures necessary to contain the spread of the virus, and they agreed with the limitations imposed by the government. Females and adolescents living in a “red zone” showed more significant psychological negative feelings about the quarantine experience. However, no significant differences were found about the regions where the teenagers of our sample live and the other variables related to the COVID-19 experience. This is very interesting data, leading us to hypothesize that the participants’ negative feelings may be more related to the adolescent period than to the pandemic itself. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071884/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559951 id: cord-353173-5c4n4tsf author: Comunian, Silvia title: Air Pollution and COVID-19: The Role of Particulate Matter in the Spread and Increase of COVID-19’s Morbidity and Mortality date: 2020-06-22 words: 8325.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353173-5c4n4tsf.txt summary: Concerning the effect of PM pollution and the spread of viruses in the population, several recent studies have analyzed whether the different areas of the world with a high and rapid increase in COVID-19''s contagion were correlated to a greater level of air pollution. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The authors conclude that there is a statistically significant relationship between short-term exposure to higher air pollution and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The microbiological analysis revealed the presence of pathogens adsorbed to the particles [31] , and in alveolar cells and in the Summing up, the exposure to polluting agents alters the immune response of the lung cells and induces an increase in oxidative and inflammatory stress. abstract: Sars-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) is a member of the coronavirus family and is responsible for the pandemic recently declared by the World Health Organization. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. COVID-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Moreover, PM induces inflammation in lung cells and exposure to PM could increase the susceptibility and severity of the COVID-19 patient symptoms. The new coronavirus has been shown to trigger an inflammatory storm that would be sustained in the case of pre-exposure to polluting agents. In this review, we highlight the potential role of PM in the spread of COVID-19, focusing on Italian cities whose PM daily concentrations were found to be higher than the annual average allowed during the months preceding the epidemic. Furthermore, we analyze the positive correlation between the virus spread, PM, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor involved in the entry of the virus into pulmonary cells and inflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124487 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124487 id: cord-345910-o78scael author: Conejero, Ismaël title: Épidémie de COVID-19 et prise en charge des conduites suicidaires: challenge et perspectives date: 2020-05-08 words: 4065.0 sentences: 377.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345910-o78scael.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345910-o78scael.txt summary: L''objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d''analyser l''impact de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les dimensions du processus suicidaire, son interaction avec les différents facteurs de risque. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the dimensions of the suicidal process and its interaction with the various risk factors. Au-delà de la mortalité liée aux complications directes de l''infection, le risque d''une « vague » de suicides est redouté par la communauté scientifique [2] et les autorités politiques [3] . ont mis en évidence une association entre perception de soi altérée et sentiment de solitude en situation de confinement dû à la pandémie de COVID-19 La crise de Covid-19 est inédite à de nombreux égards, et pourrait exacerber certaines dimensions du processus suicidaire à travers son impact psychique, social, économique ou encore biologique. L''atteinte inflammatoire et neuropsychiatrique associée à l''infection est une fenêtre pour mieux appréhender l''impact de ces processus sur les conduites suicidaires. abstract: Resumen Objectifs: La pandémie de Covid-19 touche à ce jour plus de 3,000,000 de personnes à travers le monde et les mesures de prévention ont conduit au confinement de plus de la moitié de l’humanité. La communauté scientifique et les autorités politiques redoutent une épidémie de suicides secondaires à cette crise. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d’analyser l’impact de la pandémie de Covid-19 sur les dimensions du processus suicidaire, son interaction avec les différents facteurs de risque. Nous proposons également des solutions innovantes pour y remédier. Méthodes: Nous avons réalisé une revue narrative des articles internationaux traitant des grandes pandémies (Covid-19, SRAS) et de leur influence sur la vulnérabilité suicidaire. Résultats: De nombreux facteurs sont susceptibles de majorer l’émergence d’idées de suicide et le passage à l’acte suicidaire au cours de cette crise. La distanciation et le confinement pourraient favoriser un sentiment de déconnexion et la perception d’une douleur sociale chez les individus vulnérables. Certaines populations déjà «à risque suicidaire élevé» pourraient être encore fragilisées par la pandémie actuelle: personnes âgées, personnel médical et individus exposés à une forte précarité économique. Plusieurs solutions innovantes adaptées aux contraintes de la distanciation et du confinement permettront de prévenir le risque suicidaire: outils de santé connectée, protocole VigilanS, Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive de troisième vague et pratique artistique. Conclusions: Il est possible que cette crise inédite exacerbe certaines dimensions du processus suicidaire. Cependant, à l’heure de l’innovation, plusieurs outils de prévention du suicide ont toute leur place dans les nouveaux modes de soins et devront être expérimentés à grande échelle. Abstract Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic affected today more than 3,000,000 worldwide, and more than half of humanity has been placed in quarantine. The scientific community and the political authorities fear an epidemic of suicide secondary to this crisis. The aim of this review is to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the dimensions of the suicidal process and its interaction with the various risk factors. We also propose innovative strategies to manage suicidal behavior in the context of pandemic. Methods: We carried out a narrative review of international publications dealing with major pandemics (Covid-19, SARS) and their influence on suicidal vulnerability. Results: Many factors are likely to increase the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts during this crisis. Social distancing and quarantine could increase the feeling of disconnection and the perception of social pain in vulnerable individuals. Some populations at high suicidal risk could be further impacted by the current pandemic: the elderly, medical staff and individuals exposed to economic insecurity. Several innovative tools adapted to the constraints of social distancing and quarantine may prevent suicide risk: e-health, VigilanS, buddhist-derived practices and art engagement. Conclusions: This unprecedented crisis may interact with certain dimensions of the suicidal process. However it is time to innovate. Several suicide prevention tools all have their place in new modes of care and should be tested on a large scale. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.001 id: cord-322332-0pi3wcv5 author: Conforti, Claudio title: Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti‐inflammatory action against IL‐6 in COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-05-15 words: 511.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322332-0pi3wcv5.txt summary: An open-label nonrandomized clinical trial suggested that chloroquine and its less toxic metabolite, hydroxychloroquine, may be effective against COVID-19. In fact, in addition to its well-defined antibiotic effects (bacteriostatic action by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis), in vitro studies have shown doxycycline to exert anti-inflammatory effects at low (20-40 mg/day) and high (100 or 200 mg/day) doses with inhibitory action on metalloproteases and modulating effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 7 The anti-inflammatory properties of doxycycline and other components of tetracycline has been demonstrated for several inflammatory airway diseases, including, acute respiratory distress syndrome. 8 Thereby, low doxycycline doses have been shown to be more effective than high doses to prevent induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6) in inflammatory diseases. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13437 doi: 10.1111/dth.13437 id: cord-343739-t3z6ghyp author: Conforti, Claudio title: Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID‐19 era date: 2020-05-14 words: 221.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343739-t3z6ghyp.txt summary: key: cord-343739-t3z6ghyp cord_uid: t3z6ghyp For patients undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulating drugs for chronic dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, several guidelines suggest to assess on a case-by-case basis the initiation of a new therapy with a biological drug as well as the possible suspension in case of positivity. 2 Apart from psoriasis, which can sometimes also be treated in an alternative way, we must focus our attention on the most fragile patients in dermatology, that is, oncologic patients suffering from advanced melanoma. In fact, we should remember that cancer-related treatments may cause immunosuppression, and the first available data suggest that patients with cancer have a risk of excess mortality due to SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): facts and controversies COVID-19 and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? Oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic AIOM, Rischio infettivo da Coronavirus Covid-19: indicazioni per l''oncologia Cancer patient management during the covid-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32323399/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13444 id: cord-285960-1zuhilmu author: Conly, John title: Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 4921.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt summary: The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. The findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta analyses over the last decade have not demonstrated any significant difference in the clinical effectiveness of particulate respirators compared to the use of medical masks when used by HCWs in multiple health care settings for the prevention of respiratory virus infections, including influenza [57] [58] [59] . abstract: Currently available evidence supports that the predominant route of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets and/or contact routes. The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. The reproduction number (R(0)) for the SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to be between 2.2–2.7, compatible with other respiratory viruses associated with a droplet/contact mode of transmission and very different than an airborne virus like measles with a R(0) widely cited to be between 12 and 18. Based on the scientific evidence accumulated to date, our view is that SARS-CoV-2 is not spread by the airborne route to any significant extent and the use of particulate respirators offers no advantage over medical masks as a component of personal protective equipment for the routine care of patients with COVID-19 in the health care setting. Moreover, prolonged use of particulate respirators may result in unintended harms. In conjunction with appropriate hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE) used by health care workers caring for patients with COVID-19 must be used with attention to detail and precision of execution to prevent lapses in adherence and active failures in the donning and doffing of the PPE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32762735/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00779-6 id: cord-280147-xvzi1i0v author: Consoli, Letizia title: 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia complications: the importance of lung ultrasound date: 2020-06-19 words: 1386.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280147-xvzi1i0v.txt summary: Herein, we report a case of a patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia referred in the emergency department of our institution on April 4, 2020, with peculiar lung ultrasound findings. In January 2020, Chinese scientists isolated a novel coronavirus from patients affected by viral pneumonia, denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), and in February 2020, the World Health Organization designated as COVID-19 the coronavirus disease caused by SARS-COV-2. As indicated in a report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 44,500 SARS-COV-2 patients, severe respiratory symptoms were found in 14% of cases, characterized by dyspnea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging. On the other hand, ultrasound may produce a real-time and dynamic evaluation, even in Convex array probe showed the absence pleural sliding at the left lung with a "barcode sign" at the M-mode evaluation cases with critical complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, such as pneumothorax. abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world, leading to an international emerging public health emergency. As reported from Chinese experiences, approximately 20% of patients had a severe course, requiring intensive care, with an overall case fatality rate of 2.3%. In diagnosis, chest computed tomography most commonly showed ground-glass opacity with or without consolidative patterns. Herein, we report a case of a patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia referred in the emergency department of our institution on April 4, 2020, with peculiar lung ultrasound findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562109/ doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00494-3 id: cord-339517-93nuovsj author: Consolo, Ugo title: Epidemiological Aspects and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Dental Practitioners in the Northern Italy Districts of Modena and Reggio Emilia date: 2020-05-15 words: 5652.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339517-93nuovsj.txt summary: The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of age group for perceived patient''s likelihood of contracting the infection (F 2,353 -Statistic = 1157, p < 0.001), and reported levels of concern about the professional future ( To the question "During clinical activity, which measures do you use to prevent COVID-19 infection?", dentists replied highlighting a good knowledge of what is reported in the most recent indications from the literature. To the question "Which aids do you think could help dental professionals during COVID-19 pandemic?", for which two preferences could be expressed, the dentists replied indicating "Economic relieves from Italian government" (65.7%), "Social security institutions support and subsidy" (44.1%)," Economic relieves from dental associations" (32.1%) and "Improvement of communication with patients" (8.1%). abstract: The outbreak and diffusion of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) and COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) have caused an emergency status in the health system, including in the dentistry environment. Italy registered the third highest number of COVID-19 cases in the world and the second highest in Europe. An anonymous online survey composed of 40 questions has been sent to dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia, one of the areas in Italy most affected by COVID-19. The survey was aimed at highlighting the practical and emotional consequences of COVID-19 emergence on daily clinical practice. Specifically, it assessed dentists’ behavioral responses, emotions and concerns following the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic restrictive measures introduced by the Italian national administrative order of 10 March 2020 (DM-10M20), as well as the dentists’ perception of infection likelihood for themselves and patients. Furthermore, the psychological impact of COVID-19 was assessed by means of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test (GAD-7), that measures the presence and severity of anxiety symptoms. Using local dental associations (ANDI-Associazione Nazionale Dentisti Italiani, CAO-Commissione Albo Odontoiatri) lists, the survey was sent by email to all dentists in the district of Modena and Reggio Emilia (874 practitioners) and was completed by 356 of them (40%). All dental practitioners closed or reduced their activity to urgent procedures, 38.2% prior to and 61.8% after the DM-10M20. All reported a routinely use of the most common protective personal equipment (PPE), but also admitted that the use of PPE had to be modified during COVID-19 pandemic. A high percentage of patients canceled their previous appointments after the DM-10M20. Almost 85% of the dentists reported being worried of contracting the infection during clinical activity. The results of the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) evaluation showed that 9% of respondents reported a severe anxiety. To conclude, the COVID-19 emergency is having a highly negative impact on the activity of dentists practicing in the area of Modena and Reggio Emilia. All respondents reported practice closure or strong activity reduction. The perception of this negative impact was accompanied by feelings of concern (70.2%), anxiety (46.4%) and fear (42.4%). The majority of them (89.6%) reported concerns about their professional future and the hope for economic measures to help dental practitioners. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429193/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103459 id: cord-351555-hsgsuor2 author: Constantinou, Constantina title: Developing a holistic contingency plan: Challenges and dilemmas for cancer patients during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 7593.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351555-hsgsuor2.txt summary: Zhang et al, 21 reported that patients who had their last anti-tumor treatment (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation) within 14 days prior to infection with SARS-CoV-2 had a significantly increased risk of developing severe events (HR = 4.079, 95% CI 1.086-15.322, P = .037). 37, 38 In order to achieve this, in the most affected areas medical specialists, including oncologists, were asked to provide their assistance in managing patients suffering from COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in ICUs or in the departments of infectious or respiratory diseases or general internal medicine. 40 Currently, there are no official reports of how the treatment of cancer patients has been affected by the lack of resources and limited access to healthcare due to the COVID-19 pandemic in most afflicted countries. The decision should be based on the cancer type and stage, the clinical condition of the patient, the treatment indicated for the condition, the patient''s response to anticancer therapy, and the potential risks for an infection with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: During the first quarter of 2020 the world is experiencing a pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‑Coronavirus‑2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), a novel beta coronavirus that is responsible for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The COVID‐19 pandemic revealed that healthcare systems around the world were not prepared to deal with either the direct effects of the pandemic or with the indirect effects that are imposed on the health of patients with chronic disorders such as cancer patients. Some challenges and dilemmas currently faced during the pandemic include the management of cancer patients during the treatment and follow‐up phases, the assessment of the safety of treatments currently used for the management of SARS‑CoV‑2 for use in cancer patients, the development of psychoeducation and emotional support for cancer patients and the safe conduct of clinical trials involving participation of cancer patients. Evidence from the literature supports the need for the urgent development of a holistic contingency plan which will include clear guidelines for the protection and comprehensive care of cancer patients. The implementation of such a plan is expected to have many beneficial effects by mainly minimizing the increased morbidity and mortality of cancer patients that could result as an adverse consequence of the COVID‐19 or future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3271 doi: 10.1002/cam4.3271 id: cord-305270-vos341i1 author: Conte, Luana title: Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-29 words: 2455.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305270-vos341i1.txt summary: title: Targeting the gut–lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection 16 Targeting the gut-lung microbiota axis by means of a high-fibre diet and probiotics may have anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 infection keywords: anti-inflammatory effects, COVID-19 infection, gut-lung microbiota aixs, high-fibre diet, probiotics, SARS-CoV-2 Among dietary supplements, potential new treatments against COVID-19 infection could be based on probiotics, 17, 22 which might not only reduce colonisation by pathogenic species but also increase commensal bacterial growth in the respiratory tract. Although there is no clinical evidence that targeting the gut-lung microbiota axis would play a therapeutic role in COVID-19 infection, we believe that the manipulation of microbial patterns through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and a high-fibre diet may help to reduce cell inflammation, maintain a healthy gut microbial diversity and strengthen the immune system. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 1 is a 2019 novel coronavirus, which only in the European area has led to more than 300,000 cases with at least 21,000 deaths. This manuscript aims to speculate that the manipulation of the microbial patterns through the use of probiotics and dietary fibers consumption may contribute to reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system response in COVID-19 infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32600125/ doi: 10.1177/1753466620937170 id: cord-349565-g1emvmdu author: Conti, Clara Benedetta title: Bleeding in COVID-19 severe pneumonia: The other side of abnormal coagulation pattern? date: 2020-05-07 words: 1326.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349565-g1emvmdu.txt summary: In the available studies, COVID-19 patients showed alterations of coagulation test, with significant increase of D-Dimer levels associated with severity of illness and adverse outcomes (2). In this scenario, we describe two cases of spontaneous abdominal internal bleeding in hospitalized patients with bilateral interstitial pneumonia and SARS-CoV-2 throat swab positive, supported with C-PAP ventilation, as the invasive ventilation was not recommended for both. Suddenly, after 10 days from the admission, similarly to the first case we described, the patient complained of severe abdominal pain, with clinical signs of hemorrhagic shock. CT scan showed large pelvic blood collection (size:16 x 10 cm) not dissociable from the right ileo-psoas muscle (Fig 1B) , with two late enhanced spots, both of 5 mm, as sign of active bleeding. During the SARS COV-1 epidemic in 2003, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax were reported in patients treated with NIV or C-PAP. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0953620520301874 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.002 id: cord-282730-pawasfh4 author: Contreras, Carlo M. title: Telemedicine: Patient-Provider Clinical Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-05-08 words: 3568.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282730-pawasfh4.txt summary: RESULTS: At many institutions, the number of telemedicine visits dramatically increased within days following the institution of novel coronavirus pandemic restrictions on in-person clinical encounters. To minimize interruption of crucial clinical services and the associated revenue, a rapid transition from in-person outpatient visits to telemedicine encounters was implemented by many academic medical centers and adopted by surgery departments throughout the country. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sought to decrease in-person medical visits by issuing a temporary and emergency relaxation of telemedicine rules via the 1135 waiver and the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act. Enacted on March 6, 2020, this act allowed Original Medicare enrollees the same telemedicine benefits that had been extended to Medicare Advantage enrollees in January 2020. In addition, on March 13, 2020 the FCC funded the Rural Health Care Program that aims to make telemedicine services available to geographically remote patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pandemic has drastically affected healthcare organizations across the globe. METHODS: We sought to summarize the current telemedicine environment in order to highlight the important changes triggered by the novel coronavirus pandemic, as well as highlight how the current crisis may inform the future of telemedicine. RESULTS: At many institutions, the number of telemedicine visits dramatically increased within days following the institution of novel coronavirus pandemic restrictions on in-person clinical encounters. Prior to the pandemic, telemedicine utilization was weak throughout surgical specialties due to regulatory and reimbursement barriers. As part of the pandemic response, the USA government temporarily relaxed various telemedicine restrictions and provided additional telemedicine funding. DISCUSSION: The post-pandemic role of telemedicine is dependent on permanent regulatory solutions. In the coming decade, telemedicine and telesurgery are anticipated to mature due to the proliferation of interconnected consumer health devices and high-speed 5G data connectivity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385614/ doi: 10.1007/s11605-020-04623-5 id: cord-308069-iydjrmhh author: Contreras, Sebastián title: Statistically-based methodology for revealing real contagion trends and correcting delay-induced errors in the assessment of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 words: 4970.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308069-iydjrmhh.txt summary: We address the existence of different delays in the report of new cases, induced by the incubation time of the virus and testing-diagnosis time gaps, and other error sources related to the sensitivity/specificity of the tests used to diagnose COVID-19. In a previous work , we proposed a methodology to obtain real-time estimations of the Effective Reproduction Number R t directly from raw data, which was satisfactorily applied to evaluate the panorama of the COVID-19 spread in different countries and to forecast its evolution (Medina-Ortiz et al., 2020a) . We present an analogous methodology to estimate the number of discharged/recovered individuals, based on the reported evolution of the viral infection, the performance of the different tests for its diagnosis, and the case fatality, which can be easily adapted for a particular country. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped our world in a timescale much shorter than what we can understand. Particularities of SARS-CoV-2, such as its persistence in surfaces and the lack of a curative treatment or vaccine against COVID-19, have pushed authorities to apply restrictive policies to control its spreading. As data drove most of the decisions made in this global contingency, their quality is a critical variable for decision-making actors, and therefore should be carefully curated. In this work, we analyze the sources of error in typically reported epidemiological variables and usual tests used for diagnosis, and their impact on our understanding of COVID-19 spreading dynamics. We address the existence of different delays in the report of new cases, induced by the incubation time of the virus and testing-diagnosis time gaps, and other error sources related to the sensitivity/specificity of the tests used to diagnose COVID-19. Using a statistically-based algorithm, we perform a temporal reclassification of cases to avoid delay-induced errors, building up new epidemiologic curves centered in the day where the contagion effectively occurred. We also statistically enhance the robustness behind the discharge/recovery clinical criteria in the absence of a direct test, which is typically the case of non-first world countries, where the limited testing capabilities are fully dedicated to the evaluation of new cases. Finally, we applied our methodology to assess the evolution of the pandemic in Chile through the Effective Reproduction Number R(t), identifying different moments in which data was misleading governmental actions. In doing so, we aim to raise public awareness of the need for proper data reporting and processing protocols for epidemiological modelling and predictions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110087 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110087 id: cord-355847-1ru15s5a author: Convertino, Irma title: Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-11 words: 2936.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355847-1ru15s5a.txt summary: Several drugs, endowed with modulating activity on cytokine pathways, including anti-IL-6, anti-TNF, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, currently approved for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, have been suggested or could be yet taken into account for experimental use in COVID-19 patients with ARDS and/or pneumonia ( Fig. 1 ). In addition, a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial is studying the benefit risk profile of siltuximab, as a single therapeutic option or in combination with anakinra, at a single dose of 11 mg/kg, in comparison with tocilizumab or anakinra, alone or in combination, in ARDS patients with COVID-19 [20] . Based on the results expected with tocilizumab and siltuximab, other anti-IL-6 drugs, currently approved for rheumatoid arthritis, namely sarilumab and sirukumab, could be studied in ARDS and pneumonia patients with COVID-19. Anti-JAK drugs (such as ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib, oclacitinib, fedratinib, upadacitinib, and peficitinib) [39] should be considered also among the options for clinical investigations in COVID-19-related ARDS and pneumonia patients. abstract: Sars-CoV-2 complications include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which require intensive care unit admission. These conditions have rapidly overwhelmed healthcare systems, with detrimental effects on the quality of care and increased mortality. Social isolation strategies have been implemented worldwide with the aim of reducing hospital pressure. Among therapeutic strategies, the use of immunomodulating drugs, to improve prognosis, seems promising. Particularly, since pneumonia and ARDS are associated with a cytokine storm, drugs belonging to therapeutic classes as anti-IL-6, anti-TNF, and JAK inhibitors are currently studied. In this article, we discuss the potential advantages of the most promising pharmacological approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03020-3 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03020-3 id: cord-305405-me4gebvm author: Conway, J. title: Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report date: 2020-09-21 words: 3184.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305405-me4gebvm.txt summary: Other features of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection included long duration of diabetes, less tight glycaemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs. In December 2019, a pneumonia like illness was first reported in Wuhan-China caused by a new coronavirus named corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which then spread to cause a global pandemic. A meta-analysis of 8 Chinese studies to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in 46,248 infected patients with COVID-19, median age 46.0 years (51.6%) men, diabetes mellitus was the second most prevalent comorbidity (8%) after hypertension (17%) and higher than cardiovascular (5%) and respiratory diseases (2%). 4 In addition to the Chinese studies, subsequent international studies have demonstrated that diabetes was a frequent comorbidity and a risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection such as higher rates of ICU admissions and refractoriness to anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapies. abstract: Objectives Diabetes has been shown to be a risk factor for corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. The characteristics of patients with diabetes vulnerable to this infection are less specified. We aim to present the characteristics of patients with diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Design: A retrospective case series. Setting: A single clinical centre in the UK. Methods We have retrospectively collected the demographics, medical characteristics and outcome of all patients with diabetes admitted to hospital over two-week period with COVID-19 infection. All cases were diagnosed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of pharyngeal and nasal swabs. Results A total of 71 COVID-19 patients were admitted during the study period of whom 16 (22.5%) patients had diabetes and were included in this case series. There was no significant difference between patients with compared to those without diabetes regarding age, gender or clinical presentation. However, comorbidities were more common in patients with diabetes specially hypertension {75% v 36.4%, a difference of 38.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.5 to 58.3} and chronic kidney disease (37.5 v 5.5, a difference of 32% (1.6 to 51.6). Patients with diabetes were significantly more obese than those without diabetes (56.2% v 21.8% a difference of 34.4%, 95% CI 7.7 to 61.1). About one third (31.3%) of patients with diabetes were frail. Mean {standard deviation (SD)} duration of diabetes was 10 (2.8) years and mean (SD) HbA1c was 60.3 (15.6) mmol/mol. The use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was common (37.5%, 25% and 18.8% respectively). There was no significant difference in the outcomes between patients with compared to those without diabetes. Conclusion Patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 were significantly more obese and had high prevalence of comorbidities than those without diabetes. Other features of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection included long duration of diabetes, less tight glycaemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971153/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108460 id: cord-282535-gnuhjs32 author: Cook, Gordon title: Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. date: 2020-05-21 words: 1301.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282535-gnuhjs32.txt summary: title: Real‐world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID‐19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti‐cancer therapy. . The UK index case was identified on the 31 st of January, 2020 and given the rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID-19, it is imperative to define the impact on patients with co-existing medical conditions (3) . Multiple Myeloma (MM), the second most common haematological malignancy, is a cancer of the mature B-cell lineage and is associated with both cellular and humoral immune dysfunction that renders patients susceptible to infections, especially of the respiratory tract (4) (5) (6) (7) . This coupled with a median age at presentation of 70 years in a population with frequent co-existing medical conditions, means the outcomes of MM patients infected with COVID-19 warrants particular attention. abstract: Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 virus resulting in an acute respiratory disease (COVID‐19 disease) is the cause of the current pneumonia pandemic, with a rapid rise in cases being reported in the European Union and UK (1, 2). The UK index case was identified on the 31(st) of January, 2020 and given the rapid spread and high mortality rate of COVID‐19, it is imperative to define the impact on patients with co‐existing medical conditions(3). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438482/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16874 id: cord-309482-frawgvk7 author: Cook, T. M. title: Kicking on while it’s still kicking off – getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 2666.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309482-frawgvk7.txt summary: Together, these actions have enabled treatment of all those needing hospital care for COVID-19 and avoided the unfettered increase in mortality that would have accompanied an overwhelmed healthcare service. Meticulous pre-operative patient isolation for 14 days combined with antigen testing, that is, detecting viral RNA with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and ensuring no symptoms or pyrexia in the last week is recommended by many, and aims to deliver a patient who is not infected or incubating COVID-19. The prolonged, variable incubation period, the potential to infect while asymptomatic, unreliable antigen tests and extended duration of viral shedding mean that isolation and screening based on symptoms and antigen tests, while reassuring and pragmatic, will not guarantee a COVID-19-free patient. Repatriation of these key elements to their proper places in peri-operative pathways is a prerequisite to any return to pre-pandemic levels of planned surgery. Guidance for Pre-Operative Chest CT imaging for elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh abstract: The UK National Health Service (NHS) has risen to the challenge posed by COVID-19 through Herculean efforts to expand capacity. This has included doubling or trebling intensive care (ICU) capacity within hospitals, augmenting this with Nightingale Hospitals, cancelling all non-emergency surgery and redeploying staff and equipment to focus on a single disease. At the same time, government and population efforts have - through social distancing then lockdown- successfully flattened the epidemic curve and so reduced demand. Together, these actions have enabled treatment of all those needing hospital care for COVID-19 and avoided the unfettered increase in mortality that would have accompanied an overwhelmed healthcare service. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428245/ doi: 10.1111/anae.15128 id: cord-339919-4ko4lwjz author: Cook, T. M. title: The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 words: 670.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339919-4ko4lwjz.txt summary: Reviewing the literature that reports rates of hypertension amongst included patients indicates a consistent association with more severe disease and increased mortality. It is difficult from individual reports to determine whether hypertension is a risk factor for development of symptomatic disease or hospitalisation or for more severe disease. It is difficult from individual reports to determine whether hypertension is a risk factor for development of symptomatic disease or hospitalisation or for more severe disease. Hypertension is included in many reports as a ''risk factor'' for COVID-19 but there has been a lack of clarity as to whether this means risk factor for acquiring the disease, the severity of disease or for poor outcomes. The association of hypertension with its potential microvascular disease, with more severe disease and poor outcomes from COVID-19, is therefore an important consideration. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study abstract: The virus responsible for COVID-19 binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor [1]. Several articles have noted that hypertension is a risk factor for COVID-19 [2-7]. It is currently difficult to distinguish between hypertension as an independent risk factor in COVID-19 from one that co-varies with other patient factors such as age and cardiovascular disease. It is difficult from individual reports to determine whether hypertension is a risk factor for development of symptomatic disease or hospitalisation or for more severe disease. Reviewing the literature that reports rates of hypertension amongst included patients indicates a consistent association with more severe disease and increased mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15103 doi: 10.1111/anae.15103 id: cord-329796-h7ins2a8 author: Coombe, J. title: The impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive health of people living in Australia: findings from an online survey date: 2020-08-11 words: 3931.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329796-h7ins2a8.txt summary: In this paper, we report on the results from the first survey and explore the impact of Australia-wide lockdown on reproductive health including pregnancy intentions and contraception access. abstract: Introduction: Australia introduced lockdown measures to control COVID-19 on 22 March 2020. For two months, Australians were asked to remain at home and only leave for essential activities. We investigate the impact this had on sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Methods: Australians aged 18+ were eligible to participate in an online survey from 23 April-11 May 2020. Questions included contraceptive use, pregnancy intentions and access to SRH services. We report on the experiences of 518 female participants aged <50 years. Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use were analysed using descriptive statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to investigate difficulty accessing SRH products and services. Qualitative data were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis. Results: Most participants (55.4%, 287/518) were aged 18-24 years. Most (76.1%, 379/498) indicated they were trying to avoid pregnancy. The oral contraceptive pill was the most common single method used (20.8%; 107/514). Nearly 20% (101/514) reported they were not using contraception. Older women (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.9 for 25-34 vs 18-24 years) and those employed (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.2, 0.7) had less trouble accessing contraception during lockdown. Women aged 25-34 (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.3, 0.7) or 35-49 years (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.6) were less likely to experience difficulty accessing feminine hygiene products. Qualitative analysis suggested that COVID-19 affected pregnancy plans, with participants delaying childbearing, or deciding to remain childfree. Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown impacted the SRH of Australian women. Findings highlight the importance of continued access to SRH services and products during global emergencies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.20172163 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20172163 id: cord-258018-29vtxz89 author: Cooper, Ian title: A SIR model assumption for the spread of COVID-19 in different communities date: 2020-06-28 words: 5815.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258018-29vtxz89.txt summary: The data in [29] for China, South Korea, India, Australia, USA, Italy and the state of Texas (communities) are organised in the form of time-series where the rows are recordings in time (from January to June, 2020), and the three columns are, the total cases I d tot (first column), number of infected individuals I d (second column) and deaths D d (third column). Assuming the published data are reliable, the SIR model (1) can be applied to assess the spread of the COVID-19 disease and predict the number of infected, removed and recovered populations and deaths in the communities, accommodating at the same time possible surges in the number of susceptible individuals. In this work, we have augmented the classic SIR model with the ability to accommodate surges in the number of susceptible individuals, supplemented by recorded data from China, South Korea, India, Australia, USA and the state of Texas to provide insights into the spread of COVID-19 in communities. abstract: In this paper, we study the effectiveness of the modelling approach on the pandemic due to the spreading of the novel COVID-19 disease and develop a susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model that provides a theoretical framework to investigate its spread within a community. Here, the model is based upon the well-known susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model with the difference that a total population is not defined or kept constant per se and the number of susceptible individuals does not decline monotonically. To the contrary, as we show herein, it can be increased in surge periods! In particular, we investigate the time evolution of different populations and monitor diverse significant parameters for the spread of the disease in various communities, represented by countries and the state of Texas in the USA. The SIR model can provide us with insights and predictions of the spread of the virus in communities that the recorded data alone cannot. Our work shows the importance of modelling the spread of COVID-19 by the SIR model that we propose here, as it can help to assess the impact of the disease by offering valuable predictions. Our analysis takes into account data from January to June, 2020, the period that contains the data before and during the implementation of strict and control measures. We propose predictions on various parameters related to the spread of COVID-19 and on the number of susceptible, infected and removed populations until September 2020. By comparing the recorded data with the data from our modelling approaches, we deduce that the spread of COVID-19 can be under control in all communities considered, if proper restrictions and strong policies are implemented to control the infection rates early from the spread of the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920304549?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110057 id: cord-276483-4yp4beuh author: Cooper, Isabella D title: Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management date: 2020-09-16 words: 7893.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276483-4yp4beuh.txt summary: Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis. Years of hyperinsulinaemia that would manifest overt pathologies such as obesity, CVD, hypertension and cancer would come with an already heavy-risk burden list, which includes: increased haemoglobin glycation damage, intracellular haem-oxidation with reduced antioxidative capacity, increased haem-oxygenase haem catabolism thus producing increased endogenous carbon monoxide production, leading to increased risk of DVT and subsequent PE and decreased mitochondrial vitamin D hydroxylase activation. abstract: Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners. Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis. Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001356 doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001356 id: cord-311125-v9ddes3c author: Cooper, Keiland W. title: COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage date: 2020-07-01 words: 9480.0 sentences: 510.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311125-v9ddes3c.txt summary: Given data suggesting that ACE2 is necessary for SARS-CoV2 to infect host cells, researchers have used a variety of approaches to discern the pattern of expression of ACE2 and other viral entry proteins across the tissue landscape, with the goal of inferring possible target cells and disease mechanisms. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 (given that it likely does not directly infect OSNs, and thus cannot pass directly through the olfactory nerve, see However, scSeq and immunostaining of the mouse OB has revealed -as in the nose -that bulb neurons do not express detectable levels of ACE2 ( Figure 2 ) . This model suggests that neural function is altered indirectly due to sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection of peripheral support cells, including (but not limited to) local inflammation and changes in OSN gene expression and ciliary structure. Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia abstract: Abstract The main neurological manifestation of COVID-19 is loss of smell or taste. The high incidence of smell loss without significant rhinorrhea or nasal congestion suggests that SARS-CoV-2 targets the chemical senses through mechanisms distinct from those used by endemic coronaviruses or other common cold-causing agents. Here we review recently developed hypotheses about how SARS-CoV-2 might alter the cells and circuits involved in chemosensory processing and thereby change perception. Given our limited understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, we propose future experiments to elucidate disease mechanisms and highlight the relevance of this ongoing work to understanding how the virus might alter brain function more broadly. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.032 doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.032 id: cord-347356-uc9dqhyq author: Cooper, TJ title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review date: 2020-07-15 words: 3949.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347356-uc9dqhyq.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to systematically review current studies reporting on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies that discuss PLHIV who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that report whether coinfection results in a greater risk of adverse outcomes and, furthermore, whether controlled HIV infection vs. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in Global Health, SCOPUS, Medline and EMBASE to identify articles that discussed HIV-positive patients and the clinical implications of HIV infection in COVID-19 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines [13] . [21] , also highlighted a case study of a HIV patient with SARS-CoV2 co-infection, diagnosis of viral pneumonia was made on clinical examination and chest CT findings. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to systematically review current studies reporting on clinical outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Global Health, SCOPUS, Medline and EMBASE using pertinent key words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms relating to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and HIV. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Articles are summarized in relevant sections. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty‐five articles were identified after duplicates had been removed. After screening, eight studies were analysed, totalling 70 HIV‐infected patients (57 without AIDS and 13 with AIDS). Three themes were identified: (1) controlled HIV infection does not appear to result in poorer COVID‐19 outcomes, (2) more data are needed to determine COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with AIDS and (3) HIV‐infected patients presenting with COVID‐19 symptoms should be investigated for superinfections. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that PLHIV with well‐controlled disease are not at risk of poorer COVID‐19 disease outcomes than the general population. It is not clear whether those with poorly controlled HIV disease and AIDS have poorer outcomes. Superimposed bacterial pneumonia may be a risk factor for more severe COVID‐19 but further research is urgently needed to elucidate whether PLHIV are more at risk than the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12911 doi: 10.1111/hiv.12911 id: cord-309089-ex9nh1yi author: Coperchini, Francesca title: The Cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system date: 2020-05-11 words: 6132.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309089-ex9nh1yi.txt summary: Since the first reports on COVID-19 disease, it appeared clear that Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) accounted for a significant number of deaths among infected patients and that ARDS should be regarded as the hallmark immune-mediated clinical consequence in SARS-CoV-2, similarly to what described for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections [11] . As shown by previous data in the literature, increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, Interferon γ, interleukin (IL-) 1B, IL-6, IL-12) and chemokines (CXCL10, and CCL2) are associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung involvement in SARS patients, similarly to what happens in MERS-CoV infection [13] . In mice infected with SARS-CoV, the clinical features of the syndrome showed an age-dependent increase in severity (similarly to what observed in humans), which was related to an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, paralleled by a reduction in T-cell responses [78] . abstract: In 2019-2020 a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent of a several acute respiratory infection named COVID-19, which is causing a worldwide pandemic. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the pathogenesis of this disease and especially the reasons underlying the extremely different clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severe manifestations, including the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 showed phylogenetic similarities to both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, and some of the clinical features are shared between COVID-19 and previously identified beta-coronavirus infections. Available evidence indicate that the so called “cytokine storm” an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation which, in turn, sustain an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major responsible for the occurrence of ARDS. Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins with powerful chemoattractant activity which play a role in the immune cell recruitment during inflammation. This review will be aimed at providing an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system in the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Basic and clinical evidences obtained from previous SARS and MERS epidemics and available data from COVID-19 will be taken into account. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359610120300927?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.003 id: cord-315574-jq1p5t8w author: Copland, Michael title: Canadian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Rapid Response Team Home Dialysis Recommendations date: 2020-05-29 words: 4248.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315574-jq1p5t8w.txt summary: KEY FINDINGS: We identified 7 broad areas of home dialysis practice management that may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, (2) home dialysis training, (3) home dialysis management, (4) personal protective equipment, (5) product delivery, (6) minimizing direct health care provider and patient contact, and (7) assisted peritoneal dialysis in the community. We suggest that home dialysis be preferentially offered to all patients who require chronic kidney replacement therapy, as a means of reducing COVID-19 transmission risk to themselves, to other patients, and to health care workers, by reducing contact with clinics and hospitals, compared with in-center HD. We have also suggested surgical mask use when members of the health team must interact with home dialysis patients due to the high risk of COVID-19 complications in this population. abstract: PURPOSE OF PROGRAM: This paper will provide guidance on how to best manage patients with end-stage kidney disease who will be or are being treated with home dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Program-specific documents, pre-existing, and related to COVID-19; documents from national and international kidney agencies; national and international webinars, including webinars that we hosted for input and feedback; with additional information from formal and informal review of published academic literature. METHODS: Members of the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN) Board of Directors solicited a team of clinicians and administrators with expertise in home dialysis. Specific COVID-19-related themes in home dialysis were determined by the Canadian senior renal leaders community of practice, a group compromising medical and administrative leaders of provincial and health authority renal programs. We then developed consensus-based recommendations virtually by the CSN work-group with input from ethicists with nephrology training. The recommendations were further reviewed by community nephrologists and over a CSN-sponsored webinar, attended by 225 kidney health care professionals, for further peer input. The final consensus recommendations also incorporated review by the editors at the Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease (CJKHD). KEY FINDINGS: We identified 7 broad areas of home dialysis practice management that may be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) peritoneal dialysis catheter placement, (2) home dialysis training, (3) home dialysis management, (4) personal protective equipment, (5) product delivery, (6) minimizing direct health care provider and patient contact, and (7) assisted peritoneal dialysis in the community. We make specific suggestions and recommendations for each of these areas. LIMITATIONS: This suggestions and recommendations in this paper are expert opinion, and subject to the biases associated with this level of evidence. To expedite the publication of this work, a parallel review process was created that may not be as robust as standard arms’ length peer-review processes. IMPLICATIONS: These recommendations are intended to provide the best care possible during a time of altered priorities and reduced resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358120928153 doi: 10.1177/2054358120928153 id: cord-264080-fbp9rr5z author: Coppola, Alessandro title: An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) date: 2020-05-19 words: 759.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264080-fbp9rr5z.txt summary: title: An Invited Commentary on: Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from China and the UK – Perspective. Zheng Liu (IJS-D-20-00464) Liu and colleagues (1) reported on the surgical measures adopted at the beginning of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As reported by the American College of Surgeons, continuation of ''elective'' surgical care have to be frequently evaluated and adapted if needed, based on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local resources. How reported by different international surgical societies (4-5) cancers should be considered like life-threatening diseases and changing treatment protocols or postponing surgery should be adopted only in really selected cases. As the dynamic scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, decisions regarding the screening test, alternative strategies improving outpatients services, and perfection of surgery indications remain individualized in the context of patients, providers, institutional factors, and available resources. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120304313?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.048 id: cord-341684-buj8u63b author: Corbet, Shaen title: Any port in a storm: Cryptocurrency safe-havens during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 words: 1349.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341684-buj8u63b.txt summary: Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Such techniques allow for analysis not only of sentiment based on the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also as to interlinkages between such sentiment and cryptocurrencies as a safe-haven asset in such time of extreme financial market panic. When considering the role of negative sentiment relating to the outbreak and development of the COVID-19 pandemic, our results suggest that there developed significant and pronounced timevarying price-volatility effects as investors identified both the severity and nature of the pandemic''s growth trajectory and potential economic repercussions. abstract: Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the rapidly-escalating pandemic. We find evidence of significant growth in both returns and volumes traded, indicating that large cryptocurrencies acted as a store of value during this period of exceptional financial market stress. Further, cryptocurrency returns are found to be significantly influenced by negative sentiment relating to COVID-19. While not only providing diversification benefits for investors, results suggest that these digital assets acted as a safe-haven similar to that of precious metals during historic crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834235/ doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109377 id: cord-268883-nf4fm7r7 author: Corchuelo, Jairo title: Oral manifestations in a patient with a history of asymptomatic COVID-19. Case Report date: 2020-09-01 words: 1679.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268883-nf4fm7r7.txt summary: This case shows that the problems that arise in the oral mucosa in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection can be monitored through interdisciplinary teleconsultation during the pandemic with the support of information technology currently available worldwide. Due to the use of intensified therapeutic methods possibly aggravated by SARS-CoV-2, an increase in cases with oropharyngeal symptoms / conditions, dental-oral problems associated with soft tissues, saliva production (dry mouth) as side effects, could be predicted, even after recovering from COVID-19. Taking into account that Candida albicans is part of the oral microbiome and that there were favorable events for its pathological development, such as the decrease in salivation manifested in the patient by the sensation of dry mouth, in addition to the frequent use of antibiotics and a mild predisposing factor such as the female sex (Zegarelli 1993) and the successful response to nystatin treatment, we can clinically confirm candida infection The hyperpigmentation of the gums in the anterior teeth due to the aesthetic problem that it represents for the patient is the one that causes of most concern. abstract: The pandemic situation has led to public health measures that have forced patients with and without the SARS-CoV-2 virus to remain isolated and take steps to prevent the spread. Many of these patients have been unable to attend the control of medical-dental services, which in many cases complicates their situation. This study reports on the oral manifestations of an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient treated interdisciplinary by teleconsultation due to the sudden appearance of lesions in the oral mucosa. Lesions are diagnosed, therapeutic measures are taken, and improvement is shown. This case shows that the problems that arise in the oral mucosa in patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection can be monitored through interdisciplinary teleconsultation during the pandemic with the support of information technology currently available worldwide. It also decreases the risk of transmission of SARS-Cov-2 between patients and health professionals. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220307001 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.071 id: cord-266382-co3n724s author: Cordeiro-Rodrigues, Luís title: Social Justice for Public Health: The COVID-19 Response in Portugal date: 2020-11-09 words: 3440.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266382-co3n724s.txt summary: The Portuguese case study suggests that enhancing social justice towards socio-economically vulnerable groups correlates with the prevention of the spread of COVID-19; these benefits to public health can be explained by the fact that those policies create social distancing and less exposure to the COVID-19 virus and other contagious diseases and also remove disincentives to the use of healthcare services. I wish to argue, in this case study analysis, that the social justice measures implemented by the Portuguese government played an important role in effectively promoting public health during the current pandemic. In other words, the existing correlation between Portuguese social justice policies and positive outcomes for public health, which mitigated the spread of COVID-19, can be explained by the fact that those policies allowed and encouraged conditions for more social-distancing to take place, and thereby less infections of COVID-19 and other contagious diseases to occur; further, by providing incentives for the socio-economically vulnerable population to use the nation''s health services, the policies expedited detection of infections, thereby reducing the probability of an infection spread. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic requires emergency policies to be put in place in order to avoid a global health catastrophe. At the same time, there has been an increasing preoccupation that argues urgent policies for public health neglect social justice. By looking at Portugal’s successful confinement case during the early stages of the pandemic, I argue that ethically driven social justice policies are not just compatible but also an instrumentally important element in addressing this pandemic in an effective way. The Portuguese case study suggests that enhancing social justice towards socio-economically vulnerable groups correlates with the prevention of the spread of COVID-19; these benefits to public health can be explained by the fact that those policies create social distancing and less exposure to the COVID-19 virus and other contagious diseases and also remove disincentives to the use of healthcare services. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10058-z doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10058-z id: cord-318512-5wvnw8li author: Coronado, Pluvio J. title: Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement date: 2020-09-28 words: 3615.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318512-5wvnw8li.txt summary: Objective To assess the impact of confinement due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resilience in periand postmenopausal women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Cervantes-SF scores and living with others (β-coefficient -10.2; p < 0.001), use of antidepressants (β 9.3; p < 0.001), physical activity (β -8.6; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β -2.7; p < 0.001). Additionally, in peri-and postmenopausal women, forced alterations in lifestyle habits resulting from quarantine such us changes in interpersonal relationships, nutrition habits, exercise, or sexuality could lead to an aggravation of their menopausal symptoms and a loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly in terms of psycho-behavioral aspects and romantic relationships [8] . The findings of this study indicate that the HRQoL and resilience of peri-and postmenopausal women confined due to the Covid-19 pandemic are influenced by several demographic descriptors related to their lifestyle and environment. abstract: Objective To assess the impact of confinement due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women. Material and Methods We used an online questionnaire which was sent between April 30th and May 13th, 2020 to women aged 40–70 years who were peri- or postmenopausal according to STRAW criteria. We used the 16-item Cervantes short-form scale (Cervantes-SF) to measure HRQoL, and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14) to measure resilience. High scores on the Cervantes-SF indicate low HRQoL and high scores on the RS-14 indicate high levels of resilience. Covid-19 status, sociodemographic descriptors, and lifestyle variables were also evaluated. Results We included 2430 peri- and postmenopausal women with valid questionnaires. All items of the Cervantes-SF were completed in 2151 cases, whilst the RS-14 was completed in 2413 cases. There was a negative correlation between scores on the Cervantes-SF and RS-14 scales (Rho -0.350; p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Cervantes-SF scores and living with others (β-coefficient -10.2; p < 0.001), use of antidepressants (β 9.3; p < 0.001), physical activity (β -8.6; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β -2.7; p < 0.001). Resilience was associated with the use of antidepressants (β -5.9; p < 0.001), physical activity (β 3.2; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β 1.7; p = 0.005). According to the multivariate analysis, there were no associations between either Covid-19 or menopausal status and HRQoL or resilience scores. Conclusions During the period of mandatory Covid-19 confinement, peri- and postmenopausal women who engaged in physical and sexual activity had higher HRQoL and higher levels of resilience, whilst women who were using antidepressants had lower HRQoL and lower levels of resilience. HRQoL was greater in women who lived with others. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512220303662?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.09.004 id: cord-335550-l7opl6b1 author: Coronini-Cronberg, Sophie title: Health inequalities: the hidden cost of COVID-19 in NHS hospital trusts? date: 2020-05-14 words: 2320.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335550-l7opl6b1.txt summary: 14 Both the restriction of non-urgent clinical services and the precipitous decline in Emergency Department attendances will affect marginalised groups disproportionately by restricting access to care 6 and therefore exacerbating health inequalities. In terms of public messaging, although some channels are beginning to nuance advice, such as ''for lifethreatening emergencies, call 999 for an ambulance'', there is an urgent need to communicate clearly and in lay language so that those with emergency health needs should continue to attend Emergency Departments or use other NHS services such as general practices and urgent care centres. 16 To address this, NHS employers have been mandated to increase testing to support staff retention, 17 provide more comprehensive personal protective equipment 18 and clearly communicate pay arrangements for instances of self-isolation. 34 As the first deaths among clinicians are announced with a disproportionate number of deaths in health professionals from minority ethnic backgrounds, there will be intense post hoc scrutiny of systematic differences between groups and whether the NHS adequately protected its staff. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407644/ doi: 10.1177/0141076820925230 id: cord-301067-wk3cf0b7 author: Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N. title: Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures date: 2020-11-01 words: 2537.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301067-wk3cf0b7.txt summary: As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. At the same time, we analyse the evolution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compare them with the start of prevention measures and changes in sectors affected in different countries to discuss the effectiveness in time in which they are applied. These measures are classified in 5 categories in the original dataset, however, we reclassify them and discuss them in terms of their effects on health, and economy, but mainly on the environment by analysing changes in mobility, electricity generation, and air quality index (AQI) before and after the pandemic. At the same time, the analysis of changes in mobility and electricity demand along the evaluation of T D and I CR from the I C curves allow to discuss the timely execution of the prevention measures, which works as a feedback to consider and plan actions for the current pandemic or future global events. abstract: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on 2020 has affected human activities in a way never documented in modern history. As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. The most extreme cases for cities around the world show a decrease of 90, 40, and 70 % in mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions respectively. At the same time, the inspection of these changes along the evaluation of COVID-19 incidence curves allow to obtain feedback about the timely execution of prevention measures for this and future global events. In this case, we identify and discuss the early effort of Latin-American countries to successfully delay the spread of the virus by implementing prevention measures before the fast growth of COVID-19 cases in comparison to European countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143382 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143382 id: cord-295276-fic96llm author: Corpuz, Jeff Clyde G title: COVID-19: spiritual interventions for the living and the dead date: 2020-09-15 words: 599.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295276-fic96llm.txt summary: The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, providing assistance in their healing process and giving spiritual support to the bereaved family members. 2 Specifically, the authors address the possible physical and mental health intervention for funeral directors and those handling the dead. The author adds to their findings the spiritual and religious intervention for the dead by providing spiritual care to both the dead and the bereaved family members. The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, provide assistance in their healing process and give spiritual support to the bereaved family members. Religious leaders must provide immediate attention to also care for the bereaved family members who are grieving. The author suggests that creative funeral rites, liturgical and sacramental services be provided to remember the dead and to ease the grief of the bereaved family members. abstract: In a recently published correspondence to the editor of this journal, the authors have called for a need to address the risk and dangers of preparing of funeral directors in handling the dead. This paper provides an urgent appeal to the medical community to include the issue of religious or spiritual interventions for the living and the dead. However, a question is raised: what kind and form of spiritual or religious interventions can the religious leaders come up with? The most immediate need is to provide care for those infected by the COVID-19, providing assistance in their healing process and giving spiritual support to the bereaved family members. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa167 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa167 id: cord-337452-zql4zhyk author: Corral, L. title: GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-18 words: 4408.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337452-zql4zhyk.txt summary: We aimed to determine whether a 6-day course of intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) improves outcome in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection at risk of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Conclusions A short course of MP had a beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, decreasing the risk of the composite end point of admission to ICU, NIV or death. These considerations motivated us to design and conduct a pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial (GLUCOCOVID) to explore the role of a short course of MP in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at risk of developing respiratory failure and ARDS. We designed a pragmatic, partially randomized trial, including a clinician''s preference arm in an attempt to avoid inclusion bias in the current setting in which many physicians feel glucocorticoids may have a All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133579 doi: medRxiv preprint beneficial effect in COVID-19 despite the absence of controlled clinical trials. abstract: Background. We aimed to determine whether a 6-day course of intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) improves outcome in patients with SARS CoV-2 infection at risk of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Methods. Multicentric, partially randomized, preference, open-label trial, including adults with COVID-19 pneumonia, impaired gas exchange and biochemical evidence of hyper-inflammation. Patients were assigned to standard of care (SOC), or SOC plus intravenous MP [40mg/12h 3 days, then 20mg/12h 3 days]. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or requirement of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Results. We analyzed 85 patients (34, randomized to MP; 22, assigned to MP by clinician preference; 29, control group). Patient age (mean 68{+/-}yr) was related to outcome. The use of MP was associated with a reduced risk of the composite endpoint in the intention-to-treat, age-stratified analysis (combined risk ratio -RR- 0.55 [95% CI 0.33-0.91]; p=0.024). In the per-protocol analysis, RR was 0.11 (0.01-0.83) in patients aged 72 yr or less, 0.61 (0.32-1.17) in those over 72 yr, and 0.37 (0.19-0.74, p=0.0037) in the whole group after age-adjustment by stratification. The decrease in C-reactive protein levels was more pronounced in the MP group (p=0.0003). Hyperglycemia was more frequent in the MP group. Conclusions A short course of MP had a beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, decreasing the risk of the composite end point of admission to ICU, NIV or death. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133579 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133579 id: cord-264976-6n9cdex6 author: Corse, Tanner title: Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Pre-existing, Compromised Immune Systems: A Review of Case Reports date: 2020-10-18 words: 6080.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264976-6n9cdex6.txt summary: The high rate of positive outcomes suggests that heart transplant recipients with COVID-19 on immunosuppressants are not at an increased risk of mortality unless the patient develops complications such as ARDS and/or requires ICU care and ventilation. Since the overall 16.9% mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2-infected kidney transplant recipient on immunosuppressants is attributed to death of older (>50 years) patients with comorbidities and/or secondary complications (Table 3) , the 16.9% mortality rate does not seem to be abnormally high because it is in line with the rates reported by others for different COVID-19 patients populations. In another report [72] , Katz-Greenberg et al., described the clinical outcomes of 20 kidney-transplant recipients (ages 30 to 73 years) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2, and showed that only 3 patients (2 males aged 72 and 73 and 1 female aged 63) died, suggesting a 15% mortality that is related to advancing age [72] , which agrees with our review of the published case reports. abstract: In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all COVID-19 patients are naïve patients as it is the first-time humans have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As with exposure to many viruses, individuals with pre-existing, compromised immune systems may be at increased risk of developing severe symptoms and/or dying because of (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To learn more about such individuals, we conducted a search and review of published reports on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing, compromised immune systems. Here we present our review of patients who possess pre-existing primary antibody deficiency (PAD) and those who are organ transplant recipients on maintenance immunosuppressants. Our review indicates different clinical outcomes for the patients with pre-existing PAD, depending on the underlying causes. For organ transplant recipients, drug-induced immune suppression alone does not appear to enhance COVID-19 mortality risk - rather, advanced age, comorbidities, and the development of secondary complications appears required. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.50537 doi: 10.7150/ijms.50537 id: cord-258602-dnzqiq8k author: Cortegiani, A. title: Rationale and Evidence on the use of Tocilizumab in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-20 words: 1850.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258602-dnzqiq8k.txt summary: METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, pre-print repositories (bioRxiv and medRxiv) and two trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis until 20(th) June 2020. The aim of this review was to describe the rationale and summarize the available evidence, direct and indirect, regarding the use of tocilizumab for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify and describe ongoing clinical trials with this drug. We sought pre-clinical and clinical studies addressing the use of tocilizumab for treating COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis. In order to find prepublication manuscripts, we surveyed the pre-print repositories biorRxiv and medRxiv from inception to 20 th June 2020 for clinical or pre-clinical studies about the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis. Finally, to identify clinical trials studying treatment with tocilizumab for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis, we sought trials registered prior to 20 th June 2020 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and Clinicatrial.gov. abstract: BACKGROUND: Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor-blocking agent proposed for the treatment of severe COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the rationale for the use of tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 and to summarize the available evidence regarding its efficacy and safety. METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, pre-print repositories (bioRxiv and medRxiv) and two trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis until 20(th) June 2020. RESULTS: We identified 3 indirect pre-clinical studies and 28 clinical studies including 5776 patients with COVID-19 (13 with a comparison group, 15 single-arm). To date, no randomized trials have been published. We retrieved no studies at low risk of bias. Forty-five ongoing studies were retrieved from trial registries. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19. Its use should be considered experimental, requiring ethical approval and clinical trial oversight. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713784/ doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.07.003 id: cord-303819-w1785lap author: Cortegiani, Andrea title: Update I. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 words: 3475.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and two pre-print repositories (bioRxiv, medRxiv) were searched from inception to 8th June 2020 for RCTs and nonrandomized studies (retrospective and prospective, including single-arm, studies) addressing the use of CQ/HCQ in any dose or combination for COVID-19. Low and moderate risk of bias studies suggest that treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 with CQ/HCQ may not reduce risk of death, compared to standard care. Journal Pre-proof PICO question: The current review covers studies comparing adult patients with or at risk of COVID-19 (P) who had been administered CQ or related formulations, alone or in combination with other drugs (I) to those given standard care or other regimens or drugs (C). Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit abstract: PURPOSE: To assess efficacy and safety of chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment or prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adult humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and two pre-print repositories (bioRxiv, medRxiv) were searched from inception to 8th June 2020 for RCTs and nonrandomized studies (retrospective and prospective, including single-arm, studies) addressing the use of CQ/HCQ in any dose or combination for COVID-19. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were included (6 RCTs, 26 nonrandomized, 29,192 participants). Two RCTs had high risk, two ‘some concerns’ and two low risk of bias (Rob2). Among nonrandomized studies with comparators, nine had high risk and five moderate risk of bias (ROBINS-I). Data synthesis was not possible. Low and moderate risk of bias studies suggest that treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 with CQ/HCQ may not reduce risk of death, compared to standard care. High dose regimens or combination with macrolides may be associated with harm. Postexposure prophylaxis may not reduce the rate of infection but the quality of the evidence is low. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 should be treated with CQ/HCQ only if monitored and within the context of high quality RCTs. High quality data about efficacy/safety are urgently needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.019 id: cord-290314-ldv9hsv1 author: Cortis, Dominic title: On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 1551.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290314-ldv9hsv1.txt summary: The higher rate of mortality of COVID-19 in elderly individuals has been discussed in many reports. National Office statistics tend to group age distribution in three cohorts: less than 15 years old (youths), 15 to 64 years old (working population), and above 65 years old (elderly). The distribution of expected cases based on standard population statistics is compared to the same distribution for observed COVID-19 cases together with the old age dependency ratio (OADR) being the ratio of elderly to working population for each study. The proportion of COVID-19 confirmed cases for youths is lower in China (1.55%, 0.89%) than South Korea (4.04%) as individuals with mild symptoms would have not been tested as in South Korea. Age distributions can also partially explain why some countries such as Turkey have a low COVID-19 mortality rate despite the high number of cases. abstract: Pandemics tend to have higher occurrence (morbidity) in younger individuals but higher mortality for the elderly. The higher rate of mortality of COVID-19 in elderly individuals has been discussed in many reports. However, this pandemic is a double-edged sword as this comment shows higher morbidity rates in elderly as well. This is shown by comparing the age distribution of cases in China and South Korea to the relative populations. In every case, the relative number of elderly contracting the virus is far higher than the proportion of elderly in the population. This is unlike past pandemics and shows that aging populations are at an even higher risk than the perceived age dependent rates may imply. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574295/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00202 id: cord-329055-ftwlmi7w author: Costa, Klinger Vagner Teixeira da title: Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() date: 2020-05-30 words: 503.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329055-ftwlmi7w.txt summary: title: Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection() Due to the worldwide demand for tests to identify patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, health strategies are severely hindered by the lack of tests that can guide the correct and immediate isolation of positive cases of COVID-19. In the last few weeks, it was observed that the loss of smell/taste associated with COVID-19 has been a frequent complaint, mainly identified when evaluating the patient with appropriate tools. In fact, the loss of smell/taste does not depend on nasal obstruction/rhinorrhea and can begin even before the typical signs/symptoms of COVID-19, thus becoming warning signs even in oligosymptomatic patients and, especially, in ଝ Please cite this article as: Costa KV, Carnaúba AT. Smell and taste disorders: warning signs for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.003 doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.003 id: cord-306375-cs4s2o8y author: Costa-Santos, C. title: COVID-19 surveillance - a descriptive study on data quality issues date: 2020-11-05 words: 5151.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306375-cs4s2o8y.txt summary: Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there is no study performing a structured assessment of data quality issues from the datasets provided by National Surveillance Systems for research purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This updated database had an inconsistent manifest, including some variables presented in a different format (for example, instead of a variable with the outcome of the patient, the second dataset presented two dates: death and recovery date), or with different definitions (for example, variable age was defined as the age at the time of COVID-19 onset or as age at the time of COVID-19 notification, in the first and second datasets, respectively), which raised concerns regarding their use for valid research and replication of the analysis made using the first version of data. The DGSAugust dataset included 38520 COVID-19 cases diagnosed between March and June, less 4,003 cases (9%) than the daily public report provided by Portuguese Directorate-General of Health. abstract: Background: High-quality data is crucial for guiding decision making and practicing evidence-based healthcare, especially if previous knowledge is lacking. Nevertheless, data quality frailties have been exposed worldwide during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on a major Portuguese surveillance dataset, our study aims to assess data quality issues and suggest possible solutions. Methods: On April 27th 2020, the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health (DGS) made available a dataset (DGSApril) for researchers, upon request. On August 4th, an updated dataset (DGSAugust) was also obtained. The quality of data was assessed through analysis of data completeness and consistency between both datasets. Results: DGSAugust has not followed the data format and variables as DGSApril and a significant number of missing data and inconsistencies were found (e.g. 4,075 cases from the DGSApril were apparently not included in DGSAugust). Several variables also showed a low degree of completeness and/or changed their values from one dataset to another (e.g. the variable underlying conditions had more than half of cases showing different information between datasets). There were also significant inconsistencies between the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 shown in DGSAugust and by the DGS reports publicly provided daily. Conclusions: The low quality of COVID-19 surveillance datasets limits its usability to inform good decisions and perform useful research. Major improvements in surveillance datasets are therefore urgently needed - e.g. simplification of data entry processes, constant monitoring of data, and increased training and awareness of health care providers - as low data quality may lead to a deficient pandemic control. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.20225565v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225565 id: cord-277889-8u685f45 author: Costela-Ruiz, Víctor J. title: SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-02 words: 9212.0 sentences: 552.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277889-8u685f45.txt summary: The majority of patients infected with COVID-19 have normal or reduced white cell counts and lymphocytopenia, and those with severe disease have shown significantly elevated levels of neutrophils, dimer-D, and urea in blood, with a continuing decrease in lymphocytes. detected elevated levels of the antagonistic receptor of IL-1 (IL-1Ra) in 14 severe cases of COVID-19, and this marker has been associated with increased viral load, loss of pulmonary function, lung damage, and mortality risk [55] . observed that its expression during infection with an influenza virus had negative effects on CD8 + memory T cells [71] .Various studies of COVID-19 patients have detected elevated IL-4 levels as part of the cytokine storm associated with severe respiratory symptoms [16, 17, 43, 72] . Elevated IL-17 levels have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 as part of the cytokine storm [17] , and they have been associated with the viral load and disease severity [56] . abstract: COVID-19 disease, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is related to a series of physiopathological mechanisms that mobilize a wide variety of biomolecules, mainly immunological in nature. In the most severe cases, the prognosis can be markedly worsened by the hyperproduction of mainly proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, preferentially targeting lung tissue. This study reviews published data on alterations in the expression of different cytokines in patients with COVID-19 who require admission to an intensive care unit. Data on the implication of cytokines in this disease and their effect on outcomes will support the design of more effective approaches to the management of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135961012030109X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001 id: cord-351187-kxouck2q author: Cothran, Thomas P. title: A Brewing Storm: The Neuropsychological Sequelae of Hyperinflammation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 words: 706.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351187-kxouck2q.txt summary: authors: Cothran, Thomas P.; Kellman, Suzanne; Singh, Shifali; Beck, Jonathan S.; Powell, Karina J.; Bolton, Corey J.; Tam, Joyce W. The goal of this letter is to highlight the importance of understanding and assessing potential COVID-19 neuropsychological sequelae that may result from the effects of hyperinflammation. For severe cases of COVID-19, the effects of cytokine storm syndrome, coagulation disorders, and hypoxia warrant special attention as potential direct and indirect causes of long-term cognitive impairment. Research efforts will need to consider possible iatrogenic complications, as treatments for COVID-19 symptoms, including medications, mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospitalization, may have unanticipated, adverse effects on cognition. Severe COVID-19 infection triggers a complex inflammatory response that may result in cytokine storm syndrome, stroke, hypoxia, and/or delirium -each a threat to cognitive health. Meanwhile, screening for cognitive changes with possible referral to neuropsychology, monitoring of potential psychiatric symptoms, and recommending rehabilitation services as needed will likely be beneficial as patients continue to recover from COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.008 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.008 id: cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author: Cotrin, Paula title: Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date: 2020-10-09 words: 5188.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356041-tc2cumv2.txt summary: This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. This way, this study aimed to compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare workers: physicians, nurses, and dentists, regarding workload, income, PPE, training, behavior, feelings, and level of anxiety. Inclusion criteria were: healthcare workers (physicians, nurses or dentists), above 22 years of age, working in the front line of the pandemic in private and public hospitals, healthcare units and private clinics, but not necessarily with direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients. abstract: Brazil is in a critical situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare workers that are in the front line face challenges with a shortage of personal protective equipment, high risk of contamination, low adherence to the social distancing measures by the population, low coronavirus testing with underestimation of cases, and also financial concerns due to the economic crisis in a developing country. This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The sample was randomly selected and a Google Forms questionnaire was sent by WhatsApp messenger. The survey comprised questions about jobs, income, workload, PPE, training for COVID-19 patient care, behavior and feelings during the pandemic. The number of jobs reduced for all healthcare workers in Brazil during the pandemic, but significantly more for dentists. The workload and income reduced to all healthcare workers. Most healthcare workers did not receive proper training for treating COVID-19 infected patients. Physicians and nurses were feeling more tired than usual. Most of the healthcare workers in all groups reported difficulties in sleeping during the pandemic. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33034257/ doi: 10.1177/0046958020963711 id: cord-296598-aelpasay author: Coughlin, Lara N. title: Considerations for remote delivery of behavioral economic interventions for substance use disorder during COVID-19 and beyond date: 2020-10-04 words: 2330.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296598-aelpasay.txt summary: The response to the COVID-19 crisis has created direct pressure on health care providers to deliver virtual care, and has created the opportunity to develop innovations in remote treatment for people with substance use disorders. Behavioral economic treatments, such as contingency management, the substance-free activity session, and episodic future thinking, are positioned to leverage remote monitoring of substance use and to use personalized medicine frameworks to deliver remote interventions in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Behavioral economic interventions are positioned to leverage remote substance use monitoring and remote care technology to enhance the delivery of SUD care during COVID-19 and beyond. Contingency Management (CM): Reinforces a goal behavior (e.g., abstinence) by providing rewards, such as gift cards, prizes, or money, based on an incentive schedule (e.g., $10 for a negative urine sample) Support from numerous randomized clinical trials across SUDs -Recent and ongoing development of remote monitoring technologies permit abstinence verification without in-office visits reducing barriers to implementation -Incentive schedules may be most effective if they account for increased slips due to a spectrum of increased stressors during the pandemic -Funding for incentives remains a concern, particularly as healthcare systems are losing money during COVID-19 abstract: The response to the COVID-19 crisis has created direct pressure on health care providers to deliver virtual care, and has created the opportunity to develop innovations in remote treatment for people with substance use disorders. Remote treatments provide an intervention delivery framework that capitalizes on technological innovations in remote monitoring of behaviors and can efficiently use information collected from people and their environment to provide personalized treatments as needed. Interventions informed by behavioral economic theories can help to harness the largely untapped potential of virtual care in substance use treatment. Behavioral economic treatments, such as contingency management, the substance-free activity session, and episodic future thinking, are positioned to leverage remote monitoring of substance use and to use personalized medicine frameworks to deliver remote interventions in the COVID-19 era and beyond. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547220304074?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108150 id: cord-308964-y18nru1d author: Couper, Keith title: COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review date: 2020-04-20 words: 3365.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308964-y18nru1d.txt summary: The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission 33 associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary 34 resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission 33 associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary 34 resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. Methods: We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: 1) aerosol 37 generation associated with key interventions; 2) risk of airborne infection transmission 38 associated with key interventions; and 3) the effect of different personal protective 39 equipment strategies. Methods: We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: 1) aerosol 37 generation associated with key interventions; 2) risk of airborne infection transmission 38 associated with key interventions; and 3) the effect of different personal protective 39 equipment strategies. Our first two research questions examined the association between key resuscitation 99 interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, CPR) and aerosol generation and airborne 100 transmission of infection. abstract: Abstract Background There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. Methods We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: 1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; 2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and 3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organisation COVID-19 database on 24th March 2020. Eligibility criteria were developed individually for each question. We assessed risk of bias for individual studies, and used the GRADE process to assess evidence certainty by outcome. Results We included eleven studies: two cohort studies, one case control study, five case reports, and three manikin randomised controlled trials. We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. Data from manikin studies indicates that donning of personal protective equipment delays treatment delivery. Studies provided only indirect evidence, with no study describing patients with COVID-19. Evidence certainty was low or very low for all outcomes. Conclusion It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. There is very limited evidence and a rapid need for further studies. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020175594 url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.022 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.022 id: cord-352607-71986j7i author: Cournoyer Lemaire, Elise title: Extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures: the use of music to communicate public health recommendations against the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 1498.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352607-71986j7i.txt summary: To promote the population''s adherence to COVID-19 public health preventive measures, the Quebec (Canada) government solicited the assistance of local music artists. More specifically, music is discussed in terms of its powerful capacity to reach out to a large population pool; to capture the population''s attention quickly and massively in spite of age, language, or cultural barriers; to effectively communicate messages; and to affect individuals'' behaviours. In an attempt to prompt the population to adhere to the public health recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19, it appeared instinctive for the government to request assistance from local music artists. This commentary aims to briefly explain how music may facilitate individuals'' adherence to such measures through its well-established capacity to reach out and capture people''s attention, to communicate effectively, and to affect individuals'' behaviours. However, while research supports music''s capacity to modulate individuals'' behaviours, its impact on populations'' adherence with public health recommendations more specifically is unknown. abstract: To promote the population’s adherence to COVID-19 public health preventive measures, the Quebec (Canada) government solicited the assistance of local music artists. This commentary aims to demonstrate how music has been utilized to communicate the public health recommendations relative to the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss the relevance of using music in this context, as supported by research. More specifically, music is discussed in terms of its powerful capacity to reach out to a large population pool; to capture the population’s attention quickly and massively in spite of age, language, or cultural barriers; to effectively communicate messages; and to affect individuals’ behaviours. In this regard, the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates how music can be utilized as a communication tool and offers an interesting perspective for the consideration of music in future public health research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32696141/ doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00379-2 id: cord-272444-3qm29srx author: Courtney, Alona title: CRC COVID: Colorectal Cancer Services during COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol for service evaluation date: 2020-08-11 words: 2673.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272444-3qm29srx.txt summary: The aim of the CRC COVID study is to describe the changes in colorectal cancer services in the UK and USA in response to the pandemic and to understand the long-term impact. Phase 2 is a monthly prospective data collection of service provision that aims to determine the impact of the service modifications on the long-term cancer specific outcomes compared to the national standards. Phase 3 aims to predict costs attributable to the modifications of the CRC services and additional resources required to treat patients whose treatment has been affected by the pandemic. The aim of the CRC COVID study is to describe the changes in colorectal cancer services in the UK and USA in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the long-term impact. Phase 2 investigates the provision of colorectal cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the performance of each unit against the National Bowel Cancer Audit outcomes [16] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has had an impact on the provision of colorectal cancer care. The aim of the CRC COVID study is to describe the changes in colorectal cancer services in the UK and USA in response to the pandemic and to understand the long-term impact. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study comprises 4 phases. Phase 1 is a survey of colorectal units that aims to evaluate adherences and deviations from the best practice guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Phase 2 is a monthly prospective data collection of service provision that aims to determine the impact of the service modifications on the long-term cancer specific outcomes compared to the national standards. Phase 3 aims to predict costs attributable to the modifications of the CRC services and additional resources required to treat patients whose treatment has been affected by the pandemic. Phase 4 aims to compare the impact of COVID-19 on the NHS and USA model of healthcare in terms of service provision and cost, and to propose a standardised model of delivering colorectal cancer services for future outbreaks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is a service evaluation and does not require HRA Approval or Ethical Approval in the UK. Local service evaluation registration is required for each participating centre. In the USA, Ethical Approval was granted by the Research and Development Committee. The results of this study will be disseminated to stakeholders, submitted for peer review publications, conference presentations and circulated via social media. REGISTRATION DETAILS: Nil url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468357420300267?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.isjp.2020.07.005 id: cord-278192-wbpk99yh author: Courtney, Alona title: The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer Management Pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol date: 2020-07-29 words: 3590.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278192-wbpk99yh.txt summary: METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic against pre-COVID-19 management practice in the UK. This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. They recommended to record and analyse the impact of treatment alterations during the pandemic on the cancer specific patient outcomes [12] . The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic against standard pre-COVID-19 management practice. This is a multi-centre collaborative study of consecutive patients with breast cancer undergoing MDT treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Approximately 55000 women in the United Kingdom are diagnosed with new breast cancer annually. Since emerging in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting healthcare delivery worldwide. In response to the pandemic, multiple guidelines were issued to assist with rationalising breast cancer care. The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic against pre-COVID-19 management practice in the UK. The implications of changes to management will be determined and the impact of a COVID-19 diagnosis on the patient’s breast cancer management will be determined. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer, whose treatment was decided in a multidisciplinary meeting from the 16(th) March 2020, are eligible for inclusion. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this is an audit ethical approval is not required. Each participating centre is required to register the study locally and obtain local governance approvals prior to commencement of data collection. Local audit data will be available to individual participating units for governance purposes. The results of the data analysis will be submitted for publication, as well as disseminated via the ABS newsletter and a webinar. All data will be presented at national and international conferences, circumstances permitting. REGISTRATION DETAILS: Each participating centre received local governance audit registration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838092/ doi: 10.1016/j.isjp.2020.07.003 id: cord-294400-65lwy0dg author: Cowan, Henry R. title: Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-04-04 words: 1095.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294400-65lwy0dg.txt summary: This commentary argues that schizophrenia research is more relevant than ever during this public health crisis, because of the likelihood that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increased incidence of psychotic disorders. Researchers in many areas are likely asking themselves similar questions right now, about whether their work is relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. And as research and funding priorities are re-examined in response to the pandemic, we may face tough questions about our work''s relevance in the months and years to come. Recalling Coburn and McCain, certain voices are already working to sway public opinion against allegedly wasteful research spending-see, for example, a recent Fox News article castigating the US Department of Health and Human Services for funding a small veterinary study on amino levels in dog urine during the COVID-19 crisis (Olson, 2020) . Viral infection and immune responses may impact psychotic disorders by multiple pathways in utero, in childhood, and in adulthood. Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic? abstract: Abstract Schizophrenia researchers may ask themselves—or be asked by others—whether their research is relevant in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary argues that schizophrenia research is more relevant than ever during this public health crisis, because of the likelihood that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increased incidence of psychotic disorders. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996420302097?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.002 id: cord-292234-8o4kfhe1 author: Cox, Louis Anthony title: Should air pollution health effects assumptions be tested? Fine particulate matter and COVID-19 mortality as an example date: 2020-09-02 words: 8108.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292234-8o4kfhe1.txt summary: One purpose of this paper is to discuss and illustrate how nonparametric and graphical (Bayesian network) methods can help to implement this approach in practice, taking as an illustrative example the question of whether a data set provides evidence that past levels of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution increase risks of COVID-19-associated mortality. The WoE approach does not require that causal judgments have more precise conceptual or operational meanings (e.g., distinguishing between necessary, sufficient, or contributing causes; or between direct and indirect effects; or providing an explicit philosophical or logical basis for defining causal effect); or make unambiguous predictions (e.g., about whether or by how much reducing air pollution levels would reduce health risks, given levels of other causally relevant variables); or that such predictions be tested against data before the conclusions are accepted and used to make policy recommendations. abstract: In the first half of 2020, much excitement in news media and some peer reviewed scientific articles was generated by the discovery that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and COVID-19 mortality rates are statistically significantly positively associated in some regression models. This article points out that they are non-significantly negatively associated in other regression models, once omitted confounders (such as latitude and longitude) are included. More importantly, positive regression coefficients can and do arise when (generalized) linear regression models are applied to data with strong nonlinearities, including data on PM2.5, population density, and COVID-19 mortality rates, due to model specification errors. In general, statistical modeling accompanied by judgments about causal interpretations of statistical associations and regression coefficients – the current weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach favored in much current regulatory risk analysis for air pollutants – is not a valid basis for determining whether or to what extent risk of harm to human health would be reduced by reducing exposure. The traditional scientific method based on testing predictive generalizations against data remains a more reliable paradigm for risk analysis and risk management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590113320300171 doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100033 id: cord-261980-bm0benu2 author: Cox, Mougnyan title: Neuroendovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke during Covid-19: A Guide from the Frontlines date: 2020-05-29 words: 2751.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261980-bm0benu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261980-bm0benu2.txt summary: In this paper, we detail our experience with mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke during this time when any patient could potentially be COVID positive. It remains to be seen whether this increase in the number of acute stroke patients with LVO requiring mechanical thrombectomy will be sustained, but the effects are the same with respect to time and effort on the part of nursing and the rest of the neurointerventional team. Almost all of the patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy during the month of April at our institution were of unknown COVID-19 status at the time of intervention, requiring significant modifications to our usual workflow to accommodate the necessities of infection control. Our single-institution experience shows that acute stroke patients with LVO are at least as high and likely higher than during the pre-COVID era, with increasing demands on nursing and the rest of the neurointerventional staff to adequately care for these patients while minimizing exposure to themselves and others. abstract: Since the initial reports surfaced of a novel Coronavirus causing illness and loss of life in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the globe infecting millions and leaving hundreds of thousands dead. As hospitals cope with the influx of COVID-19 patients, new challenges have arisen as healthcare systems care for COVID-19 patients while still providing essential emergency care for patients with acute strokes and acute myocardial infarction. Adding to this complex scenario are new reports that COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of thromboembolic complications including strokes. In this paper, we detail our experience caring for acute stroke patients, and provide some insight into neurointerventional workflow modifications that have helped us adapt to the COVID-19 era. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546084320300882?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.05.007 id: cord-353872-hajtlw9k author: Cox, Shereen title: To dispense or not to dispense: Lessons to be learnt from ethical challenges faced by pharmacists in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 1821.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353872-hajtlw9k.txt summary: This paper seeks to 1) highlight some of the ethical challenges of dispensing hydroxychloroquine by pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2) identify some of the responses to these issues from various regulatory authorities in the USA, and 3) recommend approaches to assist pharmacists in their decision‐making process, especially in LMICs. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in COVID-19 patients. LMICs. 17 The experience of dispensing hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 highlighted ethical issues that may have generated moral distress among some pharmacists due to the uncertainties regarding the drug. Governments and local pharmacy groups in LMICs may be able to decide on a DUR policy for in-demand medications during epidemics in their countries to guide pharmacists on judiciously dispensing to prevent panic prescribing, off-label use, and hoarding of these drugs. If similar policies regarding indication-based prescribing or enhanced DUR are adopted, there is another challenge to be adAs the global demand for these drugs increases during the COVID pandemic, pharmacists are faced with another issue of managing resources during a period where demand exceeds supply. abstract: The year 2020 is facing one of the worst public health situations in decades. The world is experiencing a pandemic that has triggered significant challenges to healthcare systems in both high and low‐middle income countries (LMICs). Government policymakers and healthcare personnel are experiencing real‐life ethical dilemmas and are pressed to respond to these situations. Many possible treatments are being investigated, one of which is the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine. These drugs are approved for use by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and malaria. The demand for these products has increased, and the stocks are depleting for the patient population for whom the drugs are intended initially. Although both innovator and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers are making plans for increased production, there are challenges with global supply chains disruption and the retention of supplies for local markets. This may cause countries that rely on the importation of pharmaceuticals to be out of stock of supplies for an extended period. There are allegations of off‐label prescribing and hoarding. Pharmacists are the custodians and dispensers of medications and are faced with the task of assessing prescriptions and making decisions about the allocation of these products. This paper seeks to 1) highlight some of the ethical challenges of dispensing hydroxychloroquine by pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2) identify some of the responses to these issues from various regulatory authorities in the USA, and 3) recommend approaches to assist pharmacists in their decision‐making process, especially in LMICs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844516/ doi: 10.1111/dewb.12284 id: cord-276945-gly0stxm author: Coxon, Kirstie title: The impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe date: 2020-06-10 words: 3955.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276945-gly0stxm.txt summary: This observation, also seen in other countries which gather and report case ethnicity (Khunti et al., 2020) , has shocked many; the reasons are not fully understood, but it is clear that people with BAME ethnicity, whether they are pregnant women, members of the public, essential workers or health care providers, need to be pro-actively protected from contracting COVID-19. Yet women and midwives remain very much affected; care during pregnancy, birth and the postnatal weeks has changed radically and fast, and basic elements of the midwife-woman relationship such as meeting in person and providing a comforting touch have been upended in an attempt to maintain distance and reduce cross-infection. Commonalities include concerns around supply of PPE, high numbers of healthcare staff affected by the virus, and steps taken to reduce pregnant women''s exposure to health settings by switching to online and telephone consultations where possible. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779 id: cord-349360-dv4lxx52 author: Cozza, Valerio title: I-ACTSS-COVID-19—the Italian acute care and trauma surgery survey for COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-06-24 words: 3430.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349360-dv4lxx52.txt summary: We have designed the first Italian survey on the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on Acute Care Surgery activity and submitted it to emergency surgeons in all the country to evaluate the experiences, trends, attitudes and possible educational outcomes that this emergency brought to light. -Section one: general information of the respondents (type of hospital, Italian region of origin, hospital role, hospital and ICU capacity, date of first COVID-19 + isolation, specific COVID-19 + pathway and ward); -Section two: general and specific questions about Surgical activity (impact of COVID-19 + outbreak on surgery workload, changing in acute care surgery and trauma workload and organization, identification of a specific triage, theatre, ward, for both suspected and COVID-19 + surgical patients, any change to the approach to most common surgical emergencies, any change to the laparoscopic approach, any specific online or on field training on COVID-19 +; abstract: ABSTRACT: The sudden COVID-19 outbreak in Italy has challenged our health systems and doctors faced the challenge of treating a large number of critically ill patients in a short time interval. Acute care surgeons, although not directly involved in treating COVID-19 + patients, have often modified their daily activity to help in this crisis. We have designed the first Italian survey on the effect of COVID-19 outbreak on Acute Care Surgery activity and submitted it to emergency surgeons in all the country to evaluate the experiences, trends, attitudes and possible educational outcomes that this emergency brought to light. A total of 532 valid surveys were collected during the study period. Lombardy and Lazio had the major answer rate. 96% of responders noticed a decrease in surgical emergencies. The outbreak affected regions and hospitals in different ways depending on the local incidence of infection. Half of responders modified their approach to intra-abdominal infections towards a more conservative treatment. 43% of responders, mainly in the North, were shifted to assist non-surgical patients. There has been a direct but non-homogeneous involvement of emergency surgeons. Almost all hospitals have responded with specific pathways and training. Both emergency surgery and trauma activity have changed and generally decreased but the majority of surgeons have operated on suspected COVID-19 patients. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13304-020-00832-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583216/ doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00832-4 id: cord-331891-a6b1xanm author: Cozzi, Diletta title: Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome date: 2020-06-09 words: 2916.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331891-a6b1xanm.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 infection, who performed CXRs at the emergency department (ED) of our University Hospital from March 1 to March 31, 2020. Radiological evaluation of patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 is mandatory, especially in the emergency department (ED) while waiting for RT-PCR results, in order to have a rapid evaluation of thoracic involvement. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to better understand the main radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia, by describing the main CXR findings in a selected cohort of patients, also correlating the radiological appearance with RT-PCR examination and patients outcome (intended as discharged or hospitalized into a medicine department or intensive care unit). An independent and retrospective review of each CXR was performed by two thoracic radiologists in order to define the number of radiological suspects of COVID-19 infection; after this, they defined the predominant pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia presentation in patients with a positive RT-PCR. abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study is to describe the main chest radiological features (CXR) of COVID-19 and correlate them with clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 infection, who performed CXRs at the emergency department (ED) of our University Hospital from March 1 to March 31, 2020. All patients performed RT-PCR nasopharyngeal and throat swab, CXR at the ED and clinical-epidemiological data. RT-PCR results were considered the reference standard. The final outcome was expressed as discharged or hospitalized patients into a medicine department or intensive care unit (ICU). RESULTS: Patients that had a RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 infection were 234 in total: 153 males (65.4%) and 81 females (34.6%), with a mean age of 66.04 years (range 18–97 years). Thirteen CXRs were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (5.6%). The following alterations were more commonly observed: 135 patients with lung consolidations (57.7%), 147 (62.8%) with GGO, 55 (23.5%) with nodules and 156 (66.6%) with reticular–nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and GGO coexistent in the same radiography were 35.5% of total. Peripheral (57.7%) and lower zone distribution (58.5%) were the most common predominance. Moreover, bilateral involvement (69.2%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Baseline CXR sensitivity in our experience is about 67.1%. The most affected patients were especially males in the age group 60–79 years old (45.95%, of which 71.57% males). RALE score was slightly higher in male than in female patients. ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc showed significant differences of RALE scores for group 1 vs 3 (p < 0.001) and 2 vs 3 (p = 0.001). Inter-reader agreement in assigning RALE score was very good (ICC: 0.92—with 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.95). CONCLUSION: In COVID-19, CXR shows patchy or diffuse reticular–nodular opacities and consolidation, with basal, peripheral and bilateral predominance. In our experience, baseline CXR had a sensitivity of 68.1%. The RALE score can be used in the emergency setting as a quantitative method of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, correlating with an increased risk of ICU admission. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01232-9 doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01232-9 id: cord-326708-92lsnv4g author: Craig, J. title: Estimating critical care capacity needs and gaps in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 3530.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326708-92lsnv4g.txt summary: Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. The average number of hospital beds needed at the peak of respective national COVID-19 outbreaks across 52 countries assuming 100% of infected patients with severe symptoms seek out health services was 131.7 beds per 100,000 people (SD: 9.2) ranging from 96.8 per 100,000 in Egypt to 137.8 beds per 100,000 in Equatorial Guinea. abstract: Objective The purpose of this analysis was to describe national critical care capacity shortages for 52 African countries and to outline needs for each country to adequately respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A modified SECIR compartment model was used to estimate the number of severe COVID-19 cases at the peak of the outbreak. Projections of the number of hospital beds, ICU beds, and ventilators needed at outbreak peak were generated for four scenarios (if 30, 50, 70, or 100% of patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms seek health services) assuming that all people with severe infections would require hospitalization, that 4.72% would require ICU admission, and that 2.3% would require mechanical ventilation. Findings Across the 52 countries included in this analysis, the average number of severe COVID-19 cases projected at outbreak peak was 138 per 100,000 (SD: 9.6). Comparing current national capacities to estimated needs at outbreak peak, we found that 31of 50 countries (62%) do not have a sufficient number of hospital beds per 100,000 people if 100% of patients with severe infections seek out health services and assuming that all hospital beds are empty and available for use by patients with COVID-19. If only 30% of patients seek out health services then 10 of 50 countries (20%) do not have sufficient hospital bed capacity. The average number of ICU beds needed at outbreak peak across the 52 included countries ranged from 2 per 100,000 people (SD: 0.1) when 30% of people with severe COVID-19 infections access health services to 6.5 per 100,000 (SD: 0.5) assuming 100% of people seek out health services. Even if only 30% of severely infected patients seek health services at outbreak peak, then 34 of 48 countries (71%) do not have a sufficient number of ICU beds per 100,000 people to handle projected need. Only four countries (Cabo Verde, Egypt, Gabon, and South Africa) have a sufficient number of ventilators to meet projected national needs if 100% of severely infected individuals seek health services assuming all ventilators are functioning and available for COVID-19 patients, while 35 other countries require two or more additional ventilators per 100,000 people. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.02.20120147 id: cord-334776-hvgbg0gu author: Craig, Lyn title: Dual‐earner Parent Couples’ Work and Care during COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 5924.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334776-hvgbg0gu.txt summary: Prior to COVID-19-related restrictions, mothers'' average daily time allocation to housework and household management and active care combined was about 1 hour and 40 minutes more than fathers'' (5.78 vs 4.09 hours per day, p. However, the relative gender gap narrowed from 41 to 36 percent, largely because during COVID-19 fathers'' active care for children was 64 percent higher than it had been before, compared to only a 50 percent increase by mothers. However, compared to before COVID-19, the increases in childcare (though not housework/household management) were proportionally higher for fathers, which narrowed relative gender differences in care. Overall, the results suggest that both fathers and mothers were more dissatisfied with how they shared housework and unpaid care with their partner during COVID-19, but the dissatisfaction was much more extreme amongst women, from a much higher base to start with. abstract: COVID‐19 and the associated lockdowns meant many working parents were faced with doing paid work and family care at home simultaneously. To investigate how they managed, this paper draws a subsample of parents in dual earner couples (n=1,536) from a national survey of 2,722 Australian men and women conducted during lockdown in May 2020. It asked how much time respondents spent in paid and unpaid labour, including both active and supervisory care, and about their satisfaction with work‐family balance and how their partner shared the load. Overall, paid work time was slightly lower, and unpaid work time was very much higher, during lockdown than before it. These time changes were most for mothers, but gender gaps somewhat narrowed because the relative increase in childcare was higher for fathers. More mothers than fathers were dissatisfied with their work‐family balance and partner's share before COVID‐19. For some the pandemic improved satisfaction levels, but for most they became worse. Again, some gender differences narrowed, mainly because more fathers also felt negatively during lockdown than they had before. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12497 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12497 id: cord-026371-5jrvkk60 author: Craighead, Christopher W. title: Pandemics and Supply Chain Management Research: Toward a Theoretical Toolbox date: 2020-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic paralyzed the world and revealed the critical importance of supply chain management – perhaps more so than any other event in modern history – in navigating crises. The extensive scope of disruption, massive spillover of effects across countries and industries, and extreme shifts in demand and supply that occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic illustrate that pandemics are qualitatively different from typical disruptions. As such, pandemics require scholars to take a fresh look at what lenses offer understanding of supply chain phenomena in order to help supply chain managers better prepare for the next pandemic and foster transiliency (i.e., the ability to simultaneously restore some processes and change – often radically – others). To help scholars and managers achieve these aims, we offer an agenda for supply chain management research on pandemics by considering how the key tenets of well‐known and emergent theories can illuminate challenges and potential solutions. Specifically, we consider how resource dependence theory, institutional theory, resource orchestration theory, structural inertia, game theory, real options theory, event systems theory, awareness‐motivation‐capability framework, prospect theory, and tournament theory offer ideas that can help scholars build knowledge about pandemics’ effects on supply chains as well as help managers formulate responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7276808/ doi: 10.1111/deci.12468 id: cord-325558-xpr54hvo author: Cral, Wilson Gustavo title: COVID-19 and oral radiology date: 2020-06-18 words: 642.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325558-xpr54hvo.txt summary: Dear Editors, The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on people''s quality of life and the practice of health professionals have been the subject of many studies aiming to establish protective procedures in hospital and clinical practice environments. In dentistry, more specifically in the oral radiology field, certain procedures must be strictly followed when performing radiographic techniques to reduce the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Patients and their companions should always wear masks, protective aprons, and shoe protectors in the clinical setting, and should be carefully asked about previous risk exposure (i.e., travel and contact with possible infected persons) and whether they have experienced any symptoms in the last 14 days. 1 Although aerosol-generating procedures are not performed in oral radiology, contact with the patient''s oral cavity may result in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2020.50.2.181 doi: 10.5624/isd.2020.50.2.181 id: cord-334309-rddznfax author: Craver, Randall title: Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) date: 2020-05-13 words: 1672.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334309-rddznfax.txt summary: title: Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Myocardial damage, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy is often referred to in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . There is little information regarding cardiac complications in children [11] [12] [13] We present a previously healthy 17 year male old dying suddenly with an eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) in which a nasopharyngeal swab detected SARS-CoV-2 at autopsy (Figs. The question of whether this is a direct complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or if this is an idiopathic eosinophilic myocarditis in which the stress of the COVID-19 contributed to the cardiac decompensation cannot be answered definitively at this time. abstract: Background: Cardiac damage is frequently referred to in patients with SARS-CoV-2, is usually diagnosed by enzyme elevations, and is generally thought to be due to underlying coronary artery disease. There are references to cardiomyopathies accompanying coronavirus, but there has been no histologic confirmation. Case report: A previously healthy 17 year male old presented in full cardiac arrest to the emergency department after a 2 day history of headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Autopsy demonstrated an enlarged flabby heart with eosinophilic myocarditis. There was no interstitial pneumonia or diffuse alveolar damage. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swabs detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known to cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). No other cause for the eosinophilic myocarditis was elucidated. Conclusion: Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with fulminant myocarditis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32401577/ doi: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1761491 id: cord-326406-n0qi6gs8 author: Creed, Marina title: Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. date: 2020-05-19 words: 1801.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326406-n0qi6gs8.txt summary: title: Mild COVID-19 infection despite chronic B cell depletion in a patient with aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder. Here, we report a 59-year-old woman with aquaporin-4-positive (AQPR4+) neuromyelitis Optica treated with rituximab who developed mild respiratory symptoms with COVID-19, despite B cell depletion at the time of infection. To infect the host, SARS-CoV-2 uses the viral receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are membrane associated proteins expressed in many cells throughout the body, particularly the respiratory system 2 . Most cases are mild, but in a number of patients, the disease evolves into an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 3 or a dysregulated immune system state leading to cytokine storm, most often in older adults, requiring intensive care and resulting in increased mortality 4 . Here, we describe an AQPR4+ NMOSD patient treated with rituximab who developed mild COVID-19 infection despite B cell depletion. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which affects the lung and other organs. After an incubation period of 3-14 days, the infection presents with symptoms of variable severity, from mild flu-like disease to severe pneumonia and cytokine storm with increased mortality. Immunosuppressed patients may have higher risk of adverse outcomes; hence, there is an urgent need to evaluate the immune response and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients. Here, we report a 59-year-old woman with aquaporin-4-positive (AQPR4+) neuromyelitis Optica treated with rituximab who developed mild respiratory symptoms with COVID-19, despite B cell depletion at the time of infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102199 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102199 id: cord-322957-clf8f90t author: Crespo, Javier title: Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG date: 2020-04-28 words: 5297.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322957-clf8f90t.txt summary: The general objectives of these recommendations include: • To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. abstract: Abstract The set of measures proposed by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG are aimed to help departments in their resumption of usual activity. We have prepared a number of practical recommendations regarding patient management and the stepwise resumption of healthcare activity. These recommendations are based on the sparse, changing evidence available, and will be updated in the future according to daily needs and the availability of expendable materials to suit them; in each department they will be implemented depending upon the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each region, and the burden the pandemic has represented for each hospital. The general objectives of these recommendations include: • To protect our patients against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and to provide them with high-quality care. • To protect all healthcare professionals against the risks of infection with SARS-CoV-2. • To resume normal functioning of our departments in a setting of ongoing risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2444382420300717 doi: 10.1016/j.gastre.2020.04.001 id: cord-279363-4almssg6 author: Crespo, Roland Mojica title: Pandemia COVID-19, la nueva emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional: una revisión date: 2020-05-16 words: 5181.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279363-4almssg6.txt summary: En ese momento, a este nuevo coronavirus se le llamó 2019-nCoV (del inglés: 2019-novel coronavirus) y fue identificado por las autoridades sanitarias chinas como el agente causal de estos casos de neumonía atípica 1,3,4 . Hacia final de mes, el día 30 de enero la OMS declaró la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus como una emergencia de salud pública de preocupación internacional, ya que para aquel momento se habían reportado casos en todas las regiones de la OMS en solo un mes 9,11 . Concretamente la RNVE en su informe n°29 del día 7 de mayo enumera los principales síntomas presentados por el conjunto de la población española, hasta la fecha y a base de una muestra de 217,543 casos, de la siguiente manera: Entre estos hallazgos, es comúnmente observar la leucopenia y linfopenia, siendo esta última característica de COVID-19. abstract: Resumen A finales de diciembre del 2019, se reportaron una serie de casos de neumonía atípica, en ese momento, de origen desconocido en Wuhan, China. Días más tarde se identificó al agente etiológico como un nuevo coronavirus. A este nuevo coronavirus, se le llamó SARS-CoV-2 y a la enfermedad que produce se le denominó COVID-19. El origen de este nuevo virus se presume zoonótico siendo los murciélagos su probable vector. Debido al acelerado número de contagios y muertes que se produjeron primero en China y posteriormente alrededor del mundo, la infección de este virus pasó rápidamente de ser un brote aislado en una región china, a convertirse en una emergencia sanitaria de preocupación internacional y posteriormente, en una pandemia. El propósito de esta revisión es estudiar la información más relevante y actual del patógeno, así como la epidemiología, patología, características clínicas, transmisión, prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad. Abstract In late December 2019, some cases of atypical pneumonia, at that time of unknown origin, were reported in Wuhan, China. Days later, the etiologic agent was identified as a new coronavirus. This new coronavirus was called SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it produces was named COVID-19. The origin of this new virus is presumed zoonotic, with bats being its probable vector. Due to the rapid number of infections and deaths that occurred first in China and later around the world, the infection of this virus quickly went from being an isolated outbreak in a Chinese region to becoming a health emergency of international concern and later, a pandemic. The purpose of this review is to study the most relevant and current information on the pathogen, as well as epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, transmission, prevention, and treatment of the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1138359320301714?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.010 id: cord-265813-2onv9mvl author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms date: 2020-06-02 words: 5143.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265813-2onv9mvl.txt summary: RESULTS: The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called "cytokine storm", which leads to worsening and death. Until the present day, the cardinal points in severe COVID-19 are upregulated innate immune human response; hypercoagulable state; polymorphous clinical manifestations, due to pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/ or gastrointestinal tract involvement; and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome-like (MAS) [102] . Excessive activation of inflammatory mediators creating a "cytokine storm", leading to damage to the endothelium; formation of multiple thromboses in the microvasculature of the skin; changes in the cellular component of immunity with activation of the complement system, as well as, the possibility of direct entry of SARS-CoV-2 entry via receptor ACE2 and protease TMPRSS2 in the human endothelial cell in dermal blood vessels cannot be excluded such as possible mechanisms if the possibility of virus circulation in the blood is proved. abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus, a Betacoronavirus, composed of 16 non-structural proteins, with specific roles in replication of coronaviruses. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. The virus and host factors interplay among distinct outcomes of infected patients. METHODS: Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) in PubMed, authors searched for articles cotaining information on COVID-19 and the skin. RESULTS: The pathophysiology of the disease is multifactorial: association with innate immune response, hypercoagulability state, lung tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, monocytic/macrophage activation syndrome, culminating in exaggerated cytokine secretion, called “cytokine storm”, which leads to worsening and death. These systemic conditions may be associated with cutaneous lesions, that have polymorphic aspects, where at histopathological level show involvement in different skin changes. These lesions may be associated with multisystemic manifestations that could occur due to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and transmembrane serine protease action, allowing the pulmonary infection and possibly skin manifestation. Several reports in literature show cutaneous lesions similar to chilblain, urticarial eruptions, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicle trunk, purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) and others. CONCLUSIONS: This review describes the complexity of Covid-19, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, dermatological finding and other dermatological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32488318/ doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01370-w id: cord-347553-d7q6u7vj author: Criado, Paulo Ricardo title: Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 5067.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347553-d7q6u7vj.txt summary: The antithrombotic effect of chloroquine analogues has been attributed to a range of mechanisms, including reduction in red blood cell aggregation, inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion, reduction in blood viscosity and enhancement of antiplatelet activity 86 Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were indicated for treat patients with COVID-19, under in vitro effects due to capacity as 87 : (a) an inhibitor of endocytic pathways through an elevation of endosomal pH, and (b) these drugs shown to interfere with the terminal glycosylation of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which acts as a plasma membrane receptor for both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. 61 99 Procoagulant factors, such F I G U R E 5 Clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients/Covid-19, immune system responses, systemic and possible cutaneous manifestations.① The outcome spectrum is probably related to intrinsic host factors. ③ In a selected group of patients, with moderate and severe Covid-19, some authors proposed that a genetic background in these subjects might determinate one new immune response as ④ ''second wave'' of cytokines production, the ''CSS'' in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, similar to Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS-like/sHLH). abstract: The SARS‐Cov‐2 is a single‐stranded RNA virus composed of 16 non‐structural proteins (NSP 1‐16) with specific roles in the replication of coronaviruses. NSP3 has the property to block host innate immune response and to promote cytokine expression. NSP5 can inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling and NSP16 prevents MAD5 recognition, depressing the innate immunity. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages are the first cell lineage against viruses' infections. The IFN type I is the danger signal for the human body during this clinical setting. Protective immune responses to viral infection are initiated by innate immune sensors that survey extracellular and intracellular space for foreign nucleic acids. In Covid‐19 the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, but viral and host factors seem to play a key role. Important points in severe Covid‐19 are characterized by an upregulated innate immune response, hypercoagulopathy state, pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome, which produce a ‘cytokine storm’. These systemic conditions share polymorphous cutaneous lesions where innate immune system is involved in the histopathological findings with acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hyperferritinemia, increased serum levels of D‐dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, reactive‐C‐protein and serum A amyloid. It is described that several polymorphous cutaneous lesions similar to erythema pernio, urticarial rashes, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicles lesions, and purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema. This review describes the complexity of Covid‐19, its pathophysiological and clinical aspects. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2130 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2130 id: cord-306646-6c7n0xir author: Crimi, Claudia title: Resumption of Respiratory Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 era: experience from Southern Italy date: 2020-07-02 words: 1249.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306646-6c7n0xir.txt summary: This manuscript describes the experience of a Southern Italy Respiratory Unit for safely resuming outpatient respiratory services and preventing COVID-19 transmission. The Sars-CoV-2 infection is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets 3 and close contact, and both respiratory clinicians and patients are at increased risk for transmission during the outpatient visit and the pulmonary function testing procedures. Therefore, a plan to manage the health issues of people with pre-existing chronic lung conditions is essential to prevent an inevitably indirect effect of COVID-19 on these frail patients that could be devastating, increasing deaths and disabilities. We need to change the way we provided care to patients so far and co-habit with the "silent enemy", since chronic severe medical conditions still exist despite COVID-19, and we need to take care of them taking urgent and effective actions in continuing to assist chronic respiratory diseases while preventing infection dissemination. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic turned the entire health-care system organization upside-down, suspending elective activities and outpatient services. In Italy, we are entering a second phase of the pandemic and several strategies has been developed to “re-open” the country, some businesses, and also health-care outpatient activities. This manuscript describes the experience of a Southern Italy Respiratory Unit for safely resuming outpatient respiratory services and preventing COVID-19 transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320306337 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.210 id: cord-325197-j1uo8qmf author: Crimi, Ettore title: Epigenetic susceptibility to severe respiratory viral infections: pathogenic and therapeutic implications: a narrative review date: 2020-08-20 words: 6066.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325197-j1uo8qmf.txt summary: Viruses causing severe pulmonary illness can use epigenetic-regulated mechanisms during host–pathogen interaction to interfere with innate and adaptive immunity, adequacy of inflammatory response, and overall outcome of viral infections. In this article, we provide an update on epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms and repurposed drugs interfering with epigenetic pathways which may be clinically suitable for risk stratification and beneficial for treatment of patients affected by severe viral respiratory infections. The goal of the review was to provide an appropriate pathogenic scenario in which epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms and epidrugs may be clinically useful to stratify risk and treatment of patients in ICU affected by severe viral respiratory infections. Here, we give an update on clinical evidence about the usefulness of novel and FDA-approved drugs interfering with epigenetic pathways, which were applied to ICU patients affected by highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus and CoV, with a particular interest about the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Table 4 ). abstract: The emergence of highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus and coronavirus (CoV) has been responsible for large epidemic and pandemic outbreaks characterised by severe pulmonary illness associated with high morbidity and mortality. One major challenge for critical care is to stratify and minimise the risk of multi-organ failure during the stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs may lead to perturbations of the host immune-related transcriptional programmes by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression patterns. Viruses causing severe pulmonary illness can use epigenetic-regulated mechanisms during host–pathogen interaction to interfere with innate and adaptive immunity, adequacy of inflammatory response, and overall outcome of viral infections. For example, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV and H5N1 can affect host antigen presentation through DNA methylation and histone modifications. The same mechanisms would presumably occur in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, in which tocilizumab may epigenetically reduce microvascular damage. Targeting epigenetic pathways by immune modulators (e.g. tocilizumab) or repurposed drugs (e.g. statins) may provide novel therapeutic opportunities to control viral–host interaction during critical illness. In this article, we provide an update on epigenetic-sensitive mechanisms and repurposed drugs interfering with epigenetic pathways which may be clinically suitable for risk stratification and beneficial for treatment of patients affected by severe viral respiratory infections. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220305638 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.060 id: cord-258577-uo55dj39 author: Crockett, Jennifer L. title: Rapid Conversion from Clinic to Telehealth Behavioral Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 words: 5879.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258577-uo55dj39.txt summary: We describe here the impact, changes, and outcomes achieved by a large, multifaceted ABA clinical program that has (a) ongoing data that forecasted and tracked changes, (b) staff well practiced with data-based shifts in operations (behavior), and (c) up-to-date information (data) on policy and regulations. In this article, we (a) describe the various legal, ethical, and logistical considerations for designing a telehealth service delivery model; (b) describe the steps needed to scale up the model across an organization; and (c) provide data demonstrating our transition from primarily in-person to primarily telehealth appointments over a 2-week period. Specifically, the rules and regulations for transitioning behavioral services to telehealth largely come from four main sources: professional ethics codes (e.g., APA, 2017; Behavior Analyst Certification Board [BACB] , 2019), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 1 insurance regulations, and state licensure laws. In addition to documenting changes in child behavior and collateral effects (e.g., parent functioning), it is also important to evaluate client and provider satisfaction with a telehealth service delivery model. abstract: Survival often depends on behavior that can adapt to rapid changes in contingencies, which should be particularly well suited to a contingency-sensitive and data-based discipline such as applied behavior analysis (ABA). The speed and scale with which contingencies shifted in early March 2020 due to the effects of COVID-19 represent a textbook case for rapid adaptation with a direct impact on the survival of many types of enterprises. We describe here the impact, changes, and outcomes achieved by a large, multifaceted ABA clinical program that has (a) ongoing data that forecasted and tracked changes, (b) staff well practiced with data-based shifts in operations (behavior), and (c) up-to-date information (data) on policy and regulations. The results showed rapid shifts in client and staff behavior on a daily basis, shifts in services from in-person services to telehealth, and increases in volumes, revenue, and margins. We detail regulations and provide actionable steps that clinical organizations can take pertinent to this shift now and in the future. The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the importance of maintaining robust coordination and communication across our field in order to address crises that affect our field. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00499-8 doi: 10.1007/s40617-020-00499-8 id: cord-347789-ou4unny6 author: Croll, Leah title: The psychosocial implications of COVID-19 for a neurology program in a pandemic epicenter date: 2020-07-14 words: 3480.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347789-ou4unny6.txt summary: Objective We discuss the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic as self-reported by housestaff and faculty in the NYU Langone Health Department of Neurology, and summarize how our program is responding to these ongoing challenges. Objective We discuss the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic as self-reported by housestaff and faculty in the NYU Langone Health Department of Neurology, and summarize how our program is responding to these ongoing challenges. Results Among 130 total survey respondents (91/191 faculty [48%] and 37/62 housestaff [60%]), substantial proportions of both groups self-reported having increased fear (79%), anxiety (83%) and depression (38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Among 130 total survey respondents (91/191 faculty [48%] and 37/62 housestaff [60%]), substantial proportions of both groups self-reported having increased fear (79%), anxiety (83%) and depression (38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: We discuss the psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic as self-reported by housestaff and faculty in the NYU Langone Health Department of Neurology, and summarize how our program is responding to these ongoing challenges. METHODS: During the period of May 1–4, 2020, we administered an anonymous electronic survey to all neurology faculty and housestaff to assess the potential psychosocial impacts of COVID-19. The survey also addressed how our institution and department are responding to these challenges. This report outlines the psychosocial concerns of neurology faculty and housestaff and the multifaceted support services that our department and institution are offering in response. Faculty and housestaff cohorts were compared with regard to frequencies of binary responses (yes/ no) using the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Among 130 total survey respondents (91/191 faculty [48%] and 37/62 housestaff [60%]), substantial proportions of both groups self-reported having increased fear (79%), anxiety (83%) and depression (38%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These proportions were not significantly different between the faculty and housestaff groups. Most respondents reported that the institution had provided adequate counseling and support services (91%) and that the department had rendered adequate emotional support (92%). Participants offered helpful suggestions regarding additional resources that would be helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has affected the lives and minds of faculty and housestaff in our neurology department at the epicenter of the pandemic. Efforts to support these providers during this evolving crisis are imperative for promoting the resilience necessary to care for our patients and colleagues. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117034 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117034 id: cord-310974-hz37yf39 author: Crolley, Valerie E. title: COVID-19 in cancer patients on systemic anti-cancer therapies: outcomes from the CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) cohort study date: 2020-10-23 words: 3538.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310974-hz37yf39.txt summary: The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the association between a diagnosis of COVID-19 and mortality in oncology patients on active systemic anti-cancer treatment. This is reflected in work elsewhere, including a European study of 890 patients which reported worse outcomes in haematological cancer patients infected with COVID-19, 9,20 as well as data from Hubei, China. Alternatively, other studies found that treatment with immunotherapy did not impact mortality negatively in COVID-19 positive cancer patients, 11 and it is hypothesised that immunotherapy may reduce the risk of developing the cytokine storm primarily responsible for the development of ARDS in COVID-19. Patients on active cancer treatment are more likely to be infected with COVID-19 if they are being treated with chemotherapy, particularly high-dose chemotherapy; treatment with immunotherapy and hormonal treatments had no significant impact on the chances of contracting COVID-19, while targeted treatment appeared to have a protective effect. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are hypothesised to be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19, leading to changes in treatment pathways in those treated with systemic anti-cancer treatments (SACT). This study investigated the outcomes of patients receiving SACT to assess whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 or having more severe outcomes. METHODS: Data was collected from all patients receiving SACT in two cancer centres as part of CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London). The primary outcome was the effect of clinical characteristics on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients on SACT. We used univariable and multivariable models to analyse outcomes, adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 2871 patients receiving SACT from 2 March to 31 May 2020 were analysed; 68 (2.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Cancer patients receiving SACT were more likely to die if they contracted COVID-19 than those who did not [adjusted (adj.) odds ratio (OR) 9.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.73–16.9]. Receiving chemotherapy increased the risk of developing COVID-19 (adj. OR 2.99; 95% CI = 1.72–5.21), with high dose chemotherapy significantly increasing risk (adj. OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.35–6.48), as did the presence of comorbidities (adj. OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.19–4.38), and having a respiratory or intrathoracic neoplasm (adj. OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.04–4.36). Receiving targeted treatment had a protective effect (adj. OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.95). Treatment intent (curative versus palliative), hormonal- or immunotherapy and solid versus haematological cancers had no significant effect on risk. CONCLUSION: Patients on SACT are more likely to die if they contract COVID-19. Those on chemotherapy, particularly high dose chemotherapy, are more likely to contract COVID-19, while targeted treatment appears to be protective. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178336/ doi: 10.1177/1758835920971147 id: cord-323092-j2u0ny2u author: Crosby, James C. title: COVID‐19: A review of therapeutics under investigation date: 2020-04-19 words: 3896.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323092-j2u0ny2u.txt summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has released general guidelines for managing the illness caused by the virus (COVID-19), which includes supportive care similar to other viral pneumonias: airway and respiratory support, empiric antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management. 2 While these treatments are thought to offer the best chance of survival for the approximately 20% of COVID-19 cases that progress to severe disease, limited health care resources and the speed at which the pandemic has developed are pressuring clinicians and scientists to provide therapeutics that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 and improve mortality. 32, 33 There are a number of promising studies that have demonstrated shorter hospital stays, lower mortality rates, and reduced viral loads in SARS-CoV-1 and H1N1 influenza infected patients treated with convalescent plasma. There is another single ongoing observational trial examining the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 inactivated convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients, the results of which remain to be seen. abstract: The COVID‐19 outbreak has disrupted global health care networks and caused thousands of deaths and an international economic downturn. Multiple drugs are being used on patients with COVID‐19 based on theoretical and in vitro therapeutic targets. Several of these therapies have been studied, but many have limited evidence behind their use, and clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy are either ongoing or have not yet begun. This review summarizes the existing evidence for medications currently under investigation for treatment of COVID‐19, including remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychlorquine, convalescent plasma, lopinavir/ritonavir, IL‐6 inhibitors, corticosteroids, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838367/ doi: 10.1002/emp2.12081 id: cord-344909-0o55l4iy author: Cross, Robert W. title: Use of convalescent serum reduces severity of COVID-19 in nonhuman primates date: 2020-10-14 words: 5711.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344909-0o55l4iy.txt summary: However, and importantly, lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory compartments, reduced gross and histopathological lesion severity in the lungs, and reductions in several parameters associated with coagulation and inflammatory processes were observed in monkeys that received convalescent sera versus untreated controls. Differences in clinical parameters of the LD-treated group with untreated control animals from this study or historical control animals were minimal; however, the lack of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in the BAL samples from all of the LD-treated animals and reduced lung pathology suggest that an antiviral effect was present despite the lower concentration of neutralizing antibodies in the dose of convalescent sera administered. PRNT50 assays were performed on pooled convalescent sera from AGMs challenged with the homologous isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in previous studies (Cross et al., 2020; Woolsey et al., 2020) compared with control animals on day 2 post infection (d) and abstract: Passive transfer of convalescent plasma or serum is a time-honored strategy for treating infectious diseases. Human convalescent plasma containing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is currently being used to treat COVID-19 patients. However, most patients have been treated outside of randomized clinical trials making it difficult to determine the efficacy of this approach. Here, we assessed the efficacy of convalescent sera in a newly developed African green monkey model of COVID-19. Groups of SARS-CoV-2-infected animals were treated with pooled convalescent sera containing either high or low to moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers. Differences in viral load and disease pathology were minimal between monkeys that received the lower titer convalescent sera and untreated controls. However, and importantly, lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory compartments, reduced gross and histopathological lesion severity in the lungs, and reductions in several parameters associated with coagulation and inflammatory processes were observed in monkeys that received convalescent sera versus untreated controls. Our data support human studies suggesting that convalescent plasma therapy is an effective strategy if donors with high level of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are employed and if recipients are at an early stage of disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.340091 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.14.340091 id: cord-353058-3r6jw5ij author: Crotti, Lia title: COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias date: 2020-05-26 words: 1249.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353058-3r6jw5ij.txt summary: Indeed, there are already few studies that evaluated QTc and arrhythmic risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with different QT-prolonging drugs (i.e. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir). Saleh M et al 10 evaluated 201 COVID-19 patients who during hospitalization received chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine as a monotherapy (61%) or in association with azithromycin (59%). Similar to previous study 9% of patients showed a QTc>500 msec on treatment (3.5% had discontinuation of therapy), but no torsades de pointes or arrhythmic death were reported. To favor the collection of these data in a big number of affected patients and to monitor the occurrence of arrhythmic events in the context of the SARS-CoV2 infection, the International Registry on Arrhythmias in COVID-19 (COVIDAR), was recently established and endorsed by EHRA and ERN GUARD-Heart. The Effect of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin on the Corrected QT Interval in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1547527120304586 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.024 id: cord-276879-u39a6nwc author: Crotty, Frances title: Nursing homes: the titanic of cruise ships – will residential aged care facilities survive the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic? date: 2020-08-10 words: 2480.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276879-u39a6nwc.txt summary: 11 This group identified three main issues leading to failure to contain the outbreak: first, inadequate communication and management guidelines for RACF; second, delay in the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to the sector; and third, failure to control the spread of the virus within facilities. The Communicable Diseases Network Australia has released National Guidelines for the Prevention, Control and Public Health Management of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Residential Care Facilities. A centralised government-funded pool of appropriately trained staff skilled in both infection prevention and care of the elderly would have been useful to deploy at Newmarch House during the outbreak as many of their staff were required to quarantine. Two other options could be considered if the health care system were to become overwhelmed and rationing required limiting access to hospitals: cohorting to specific COVID-19 facilities and cohorting within the resident''s own RACF. abstract: Australians living in residential aged care facilities (RACF) are extremely vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Residents are both more at risk of contracting the virus and more at risk of dying because of it. Internationally RACF have been the epicentre of the pandemic. Some estimates suggest more than half of all COVID‐19 deaths have been residents of aged care facilities. RACF outbreaks overseas have contributed significantly to community transmission. There is much we can learn from overseas experiences about how to prevent and manage COVID‐19 outbreaks in Australian RACF. International approaches have prioritised protecting acute health services while preventing and preparing for outbreaks within RACF has received less attention. We suggest this is now not the right approach, as without significant support, an outbreak in an RACF is likely to lead to widespread transmission and death both in RACF and the community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776671/ doi: 10.1111/imj.14966 id: cord-322693-q3h15hd6 author: Crowley, Des title: Prison and opportunities for the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 words: 1376.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322693-q3h15hd6.txt summary: The many risks and challenges of managing COVID-19 in prisons have been reported and include: overcrowded prison environments, the poor general heath profile of prisoners, the quality of prison healthcare services, existing high levels of communicable diseases, and the inability to comply with most social distancing and hand hygiene rules. 1 However, little attention has been focused on the opportunities that prison healthcare can provide in the management of COVID-19 and other public health concerns. 9, 10 There is now an opportunity to revisit this deficit and use the present focus on COVID-19 management to advocate for increased harm reduction services and the decriminalisation of drug users as measures to reduce present and future communicable infections. 4, 5 Transitioning back to the community Reducing prison populations is a critical aspect of the management of COVID-19 in prisons. Global, regional, and country-level coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs: a systematic review abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20x101106 doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101106 id: cord-331060-b3z1zb4t author: Cruickshank, Marilyn title: COVID‐19: Lessons to be learnt from a once‐in‐a‐century global pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 2291.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331060-b3z1zb4t.txt summary: Some of this includes the extent to which humans develop a protective immune response to COVID-19 via antibodies (The World Health Organization, 2020), the extent to which asymptomatic people can spread the infection (Bai et al., 2020; Kimball et al., 2020) , whether the use of face masks by asymptomatic members of the community can affect transmission (Feng et al., 2020) , the significance of the loss of smell as an early predictive or differential symptom of disease, the role of herd immunity and whether infection confers immunity, and if so, for how long. Once the number of new cases have stabilised, there can be a move to mitigation strategies which might not necessarily stop the spread, but can help to protect those most at risk of severe disease by isolating suspected cases and their households, while continuing to implement social distancing measures for older people and others at high risk. abstract: The year 2020 will mark a once‐in‐a‐century global event: the outbreak and pandemic of COVID‐19. On the 31 December 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia‐like cases of a novel coronavirus zoonosis in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was due to a new or novel coronavirus, which would later be called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15365 doi: 10.1111/jocn.15365 id: cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author: Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title: Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date: 2020-06-26 words: 4963.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254340-e1x0z3rh.txt summary: Using detailed case data from Hong Kong''s Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong''s high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Our study includes an examination of the age and sex distribution of the COVID-19 confirmed cases in Hong Kong and an exploration of how the different measures to combat this outbreak resulted in a relatively low number of cases and deaths. In this paper, we highlight the potential impact of the young profile of the confirmed cases on the total number of mortalities and the effect of early, aggressive policy measures including travel bans, enforced quarantines and contact-tracing imposed by the Hong Kong government as early as January 27, 2020 in containing the spread of the COVID-19. abstract: This paper investigates the profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong, highlighting the unique age structure of confirmed cases compared to other territories. While the majority of cases in most territories around the world have fitted an older age profile, our analysis shows that positive cases in Hong Kong have been concentrated among younger age groups, with the largest incidence of cases reported in the 15–24 age group. This is despite the population’s rapidly aging structure and extremely high levels of population density. Using detailed case data from Hong Kong’s Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong’s high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Combined with community action and targeted and aggressive early policy measures taken to contain the virus, these factors may have contributed to the uniquely younger age structure of COVID-19 cases in the city. Consequently, this young profile of confirmed cases may have prevented fatalities in the territory. Recent research has highlighted the importance of a demographic approach to understanding COVID-19 transmission and fatality rates. The experience in Hong Kong shows that while an older population age structure may be important for understanding COVID-19 fatality, it is not a given. From a social science perspective at least, there is ‘no easy answer’ to why one area should experience COVID-19 differently from another. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589645/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235306 id: cord-285060-hzyf7w0k author: Cruz, Misael C. title: Adapting to the contemporary normal in cancer management and workflow during COVID-19 situation in the Philippines: Multi-cancer center collaborative approach date: 2020-06-13 words: 1062.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285060-hzyf7w0k.txt summary: • Cancer management adapting to the current state of health during COVID-19 pandemic. • Measures to be adopted in cancer management and workflow after COVID-19 pandemic. Phase III shows the treatment management process for those with confirmed COVID-19, and those who will proceed with chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Phase IV includes the disposition plan after intervention for confirmed COVID-19, and resumption of regular schedule for chemotherapy or radiation therapy for those without COVID-19 (Figure 1 ). Patient prioritization protocol for planning, and start of radiation therapy was based on the following case category 7-10 : Patients classified as suspected/probable/confirmed COVID-19 will follow the infectious control committee protocol based on DOH-Philippine Society of Molecular and Infectious Diseases guidelines 4 . Philippine Society of Medical Oncology (PSMO) Guide on cancer care in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic. Cancer patient management during COVID-19 pandemic abstract: • Cancer management adapting to the current state of health during COVID-19 pandemic. • Collaborative strategic action plan for cancer management and workflow in a developing country. • Algorithm in cancer center management during COVID-19 in a developing country. • Measures to be adopted in cancer management and workflow after COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167814020303315 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.008 id: cord-352123-0bflqj1c author: Csiszar, Anna title: Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves date: 2020-08-07 words: 4752.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352123-0bflqj1c.txt summary: Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, similar to other coronaviruses, can infect several species of animals, including companion animals such as dogs, cats, and ferrets although their viral loads remain low. In late March 2020, the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC) in Belgium reported that a pet cat was diagnosed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 [21, 22] , showing that felines living in the household of people with COVID-19 are at risk of contracting the disease and may potentially spread the virus. On April 23, it was reported that two pet cats in New York state have tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2, which are the first confirmed COVID-19 cases in companion animals in the USA [22] . In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the situation is rapidly evolving and in the light of the recent evidence, we should be aware of the possibility that humans can be potentially infected with COVID-19 by animals, including by pet cats, dogs, or other domesticated species. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). From the epidemiological data, the picture emerges that the more severe etiopathologies among COVID-19 patients are found in elderly people. The risk of death due to COVID-19 increases exponentially with age. Eight out of 10 COVID-19 related deaths occur in people older than 65 years of age. Older patients with comorbid conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer have a much higher case fatality rate. Governments and public health authorities all over the world have realized that protections of vulnerable older adults should be a priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was originally transmitted likely from a bat or a pangolin to humans. Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2, similar to other coronaviruses, can infect several species of animals, including companion animals such as dogs, cats, and ferrets although their viral loads remain low. While the main source of infection transmission therefore is human to human, there are a few rare cases of pets contracting the infection from a SARS-CoV-2-infected human. Although there is no evidence that pets actively transmit SARS-CoV-2 via animal-to-human transmission, senior pet ownership potentially may pose a small risk to older adults by (1) potentially enabling animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the most vulnerable population and (2) by increasing the exposition risk for the elderly due to the necessity to care for the pet and, in the case of dogs, to take them outside the house several times per day. In this overview, the available evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets is considered and the potential for spread of COVID-19 from companion animals to older individuals and the importance of prevention are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00248-3 doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00248-3 id: cord-263754-iv21q46l author: Cuadrado, Antonio title: Can activation of NRF2 be a strategy against COVID-19? date: 2020-07-14 words: 1497.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263754-iv21q46l.txt summary: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is largely the result of a dysregulated host response, followed by damage to alveolar cells and lung fibrosis. Here we propose that a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory strategy based on pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), can be deployed against the virus. The safety and efficacy information of these modulators in humans, together with their well-documented cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models, highlight the potential of this armamentarium for deployment to the battlefield against COVID-19. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), originally isolated from broccoli, a cruciferous vegetable, as an inducer of the classical NRF2 target, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) [76] , is the most potent naturally occurring NRF2 activator, with well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [77] . Protective mechanism of sulforaphane in Nrf2 and anti-lung injury in ARDS rabbits abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is largely the result of a dysregulated host response, followed by damage to alveolar cells and lung fibrosis. Exacerbated pro-inflammatory cytokines release (cytokine storm) and loss of T-lymphocytes (leucopenia) characterize the most aggressive presentation. Here we propose that a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory strategy based on pharmacological activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2), can be deployed against the virus. The strategy provides robust cytoprotection by restoring the redox and protein homeostasis, promoting resolution of inflammation, and facilitating repair. NRF2 activators such as sulforaphane and bardoxolone methyl are already in clinical trials. The safety and efficacy information of these modulators in humans, together with their well-documented cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models, highlight the potential of this armamentarium for deployment to the battlefield against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711925/ doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.07.003 id: cord-317628-1inxq7t5 author: Cuccarese, Michael F. title: Functional immune mapping with deep-learning enabled phenomics applied to immunomodulatory and COVID-19 drug discovery date: 2020-08-14 words: 9573.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317628-1inxq7t5.txt summary: We deploy the platform to develop phenotypic models of active SARS-CoV-2 infection and of COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, surfacing compounds with demonstrated clinical benefit and identifying several new candidates for drug repurposing. We used these capabilities to rapidly develop high-throughput-ready disease models for both SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and the resulting cytokine storm, and immediately launched large-scale drug screens that recapitulated known effective and ineffective therapies and, more importantly, identified several new potential treatments for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated cytokine storm. To define the model, we evaluated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple cell types, of which three resulted in robust phenoprints as compared to either mock infected or inactivated virus control populations: Calu3 (a lung adenocarcinoma line), Vero (an immortalized interferondeficient African green monkey kidney line 55 ), and primary Human Renal Cortical Epithelium (HRCE) (Fig. 5C, Fig. S6D ). abstract: Development of accurate disease models and discovery of immune-modulating drugs is challenged by the immune system’s highly interconnected and context-dependent nature. Here we apply deep-learning-driven analysis of cellular morphology to develop a scalable “phenomics” platform and demonstrate its ability to identify dose-dependent, high-dimensional relationships among and between immunomodulators, toxins, pathogens, genetic perturbations, and small and large molecules at scale. High-throughput screening on this platform demonstrates rapid identification and triage of hits for TGF-β- and TNF-α-driven phenotypes. We deploy the platform to develop phenotypic models of active SARS-CoV-2 infection and of COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, surfacing compounds with demonstrated clinical benefit and identifying several new candidates for drug repurposing. The presented library of images, deep learning features, and compound screening data from immune profiling and COVID-19 screens serves as a deep resource for immune biology and cellular-model drug discovery with immediate impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.233064 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.02.233064 id: cord-013269-u1e0kzmm author: Cucinotta, Domenico title: Primum non nocere (first do no harm). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic course in oldest in Italy date: 2020-05-11 words: 1602.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013269-u1e0kzmm.txt summary: Maybe a bad strategy and lack of timely intervention togheter with concurrent social events, comorbidities of oldest persons, bed rest, inadequate nutritional support and drugs'' side effects and infection of health professionals proved fatal for many. Different opinions among scientists, as occurred recently in COVID-19 pandemia in Italy, combined with the difficulties due to comorbidities and dependency of oldest persons have resulted in strategic errors, a significant part of which proved fatal for the patient and catastrofic for the society. On January 18 the Medical Literature Guide Amedeo (1) drowes the attention to a study of the Imperial College of London on the real high number of cases in Wuhan and on 23 the Chinese government put millions of people in quarantine, with severe travel restriction starting from 25. bas a consequence of the lack of a timely intervention with no appropriate prevention methodologies, virus entered into hospitals, nursing homes, day centers and doctor''s offices. et al Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China abstract: Dramatic outcomes of Covid-19 pandemia in Italy, in particular in the North, must be discussed. Maybe a bad strategy and lack of timely intervention togheter with concurrent social events, comorbidities of oldest persons, bed rest, inadequate nutritional support and drugs’ side effects and infection of health professionals proved fatal for many. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569649/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9624 id: cord-279571-chiadufa author: Cui, Xiaoyang title: Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with the Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-24 words: 3928.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279571-chiadufa.txt summary: Compared with patients without AKI, patients with AKI had more severe organ dysfunction, as indicated by a higher level of disease severity status, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on admission, an increased prevalence of shock, and a higher level of respiratory support. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that admission SOFA score was an independent risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients, and patients with AKI had higher in-hospital mortality. In particular, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, serious complication in critically ill patients, which may result in increased mortality, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs [5] . The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and impact on mortality of AKI in critically ill patients with COVID-19. In our study, AKI patients had a significant higher mortality rate after adjusting for admission SOFA score, severity status, respiratory support method, and shock. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory viral infections are frequency accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. While diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure are the main features of COVID-19, other organs may be involved, and the incidence of AKI is not well described. We assessed the incidence and clinical characteristics of AKI in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and its effects on clinical outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to two general hospitals in Wuhan from 5 January 2020 to 21 March 2020. Demographic data and information on organ dysfunction were collected daily. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO clinical practice guidelines. Early and late AKI were defined as AKI occurring within 72 h after admission or after 72 h, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 116 patients, AKI developed in 21 (18.1%) patients. Among them, early and late AKI were found in 13 (11.2%) and 8 (6.9%) patients, respectively. Compared with patients without AKI, patients with AKI had more severe organ dysfunction, as indicated by a higher level of disease severity status, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on admission, an increased prevalence of shock, and a higher level of respiratory support. Patients with AKI had a higher SOFA score on admission (4.5 ± 2.1 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4, OR 1.498, 95% CI 1.047–2.143) and greater hospital mortality (57.1% vs. 12.6%, OR 3.998, 95% CI 1.088–14.613) than patients without AKI in both the univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients with late AKI, but not those with early AKI, had a significantly prolonged length of stay (19.6 vs. 9.6 days, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that admission SOFA score was an independent risk factor for AKI in COVID-19 patients, and patients with AKI had higher in-hospital mortality. Moreover, AKI development after 72 h of admission was related to prolonged hospitalization time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32712607/ doi: 10.1159/000509517 id: cord-331046-440kruco author: Culp, Brian M. title: COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons date: 2020-04-24 words: 2461.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331046-440kruco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331046-440kruco.txt summary: RESULTS: Nearly 40% of our surveyed group responded ranging from residents, fellows, and early career surgeons. Finally, we assessed early practice surgeons regarding compensation and employment status, as well as advancement in career stage/partner/tenure, modification of practice nature to cover medical patients/COVID-19 patients, and further implications within payment models and future job opportunities. These changes and challenges have been reported in other countries as well and while the international impact may vary it demonstrates a widespread disruption to the orthopaedic community at large.(1) The purpose of this study was to look specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on young arthroplasty surgeons either in the late stages of training or in the 1 st five years of practice. Orthopaedic practices should be conscious of these implications upon young arthroplasty surgeons, and extend additional resources including loans, counseling, or educational support as they face the current COVID-19 crisis in a different way than their more seasoned colleagues. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current coronavirus crisis, COVID-19, has affected all orthopedic surgeons. Surgeons at early stages of their career are at risk of being affected differently than their more established counterparts. METHODS: We conducted an online survey for members of the Young Arthroplasty Group to determine what effects this had on their current practice. RESULTS: Nearly 40% of our surveyed group responded ranging from residents, fellows, and early career surgeons. All groups had been affected by the crisis, with different impacts on each subgroup. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 had significant impact on young surgeons affecting their compensation, redeployment, and career advancement. Available resources should be offered to this group, where available, to mitigate the impact of the crisis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883540320304460?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.058 id: cord-304966-w2voi8en author: Cummings, Cori title: Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From the Buckle of the Stroke Belt date: 2020-08-17 words: 1581.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304966-w2voi8en.txt summary: 2 Despite concern for increased risk of stroke, many centers reported a significant decline in number of patients presenting with strokes during the pandemic. [3] [4] [5] This alarming drop raised concern that patients with stroke may be reluctant to seek medical care in the setting of the pandemic. Other studies have reported a decline in stroke presentations throughout the United States and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, our study is unique because it presents patient-level data in an area of high stroke rate and significant racial disparity. An important finding in our study is that a lower percentage of Black patients presented with strokes during the pandemic. This finding is alarming, as many studies have highlighted existing racial disparities in stroke care, with Black patients having both higher risk factors as well as higher in-hospital mortality and burden of stroke disability. abstract: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke systems has not been systematically evaluated. Our study aims to investigate trends in telestroke consults during the pandemic. METHODS: We did retrospective chart review of consecutive patients seen through a telestroke network in South Carolina from March 2019 to April 2020. We dichotomized patients to preCOVID-19 pandemic (March 2019 to February 2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (March to April 2020). RESULTS: A total of 5852 patients were evaluated during the study period, 613 (10.5%) were seen during the pandemic. The median number of weekly consults dropped from 112 to 77 during the pandemic, P=0.002. There was no difference in baseline features; however, Black patients were less likely to present with strokes during the pandemic (13.9% versus 29%, P≤0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant drop in telestroke volume. The impact seems to disproportionately affect Black patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755454/ doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031121 id: cord-352737-3ttrx3lf author: Cunha, Lucas Leite title: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response date: 2020-08-07 words: 6824.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352737-3ttrx3lf.txt summary: Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Interestingly, polymorphonuclear leucocytes from the elderly are less capable of modulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1)-induced oxidative bursts, suggesting that TREM-1 signal transduction altered with aging may be one of the mediators of the decrease in microbicidal potential of innate immune cells in older adults (41) . abstract: Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The remodeling of immune response that is observed among the elderly could explain, at least in part, the age gradient in lethality of COVID-19. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which entails changes that occur in both innate and adaptive immunity with aging. Furthermore, we will discuss inflamm-aging, a low-grade inflammatory state triggered by continuous antigenic stimulation, which may ultimately increase all-cause mortality. In general, the elderly are less capable of responding to neo-antigens, because of lower naïve T cell frequency. Furthermore, they have an expansion of memory T cells with a shrinkage of the T cell diversity repertoire. When infected by SARS-CoV-2, young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response. Indeed, antibody-secreting cells and follicular helper T cells are thought to be effectively activated in young patients that present a favorable prognosis. In contrast, the elderly are more prone to an uncontrolled activation of innate immune response that leads to cytokine release syndrome and tissue damage. The failure to trigger an effective adaptive immune response in combination with a higher pro-inflammatory tonus may explain why the elderly do not appropriately control viral replication and the potential clinical consequences triggered by a cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and disseminated organ injury. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849623/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748 id: cord-355311-x6cozo6b author: Cunningham, Conor title: Why physical activity matters for older adults in a time of pandemic date: 2020-09-23 words: 2338.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355311-x6cozo6b.txt summary: Despite the importance of these Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM), they present challenges to maintaining a physically active lifestyle, particularly for older adults. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic physical inactivity was one of the most important public health challenges facing older adults globally. The stress and anxiety that people are experiencing during the pandemic may also impair an individual''s immune defence, and in this regard it is critical that older adults aim to maintain recommended levels of physical activity to help boost immune function and mitigate the deleterious effects that inactivity and social isolation may place on the immune system [19] . It is imperative that PA should continue to be promoted during this crisis Governments, public health agencies, health professionals, and community-based organisations and networks must support older adults to be physically active during COVID-19 to decrease the negative physiological and psychological impact of sedentary behaviours. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities across the world. Government responses, of promoting ‘social distancing’ at a population level, and ‘self-isolation’ of older adults to mitigate its spread have been unprecedented. Despite the importance of these Public Health and Social Measures (PHSM), they present challenges to maintaining a physically active lifestyle, particularly for older adults. CONTEXT: The importance of physical activity (PA) for health is well documented. There is strong evidence that PA in later life reduces the risk of disease, helps to manage existing conditions, and develops and maintains physical and mental function. Staying physically active is particularly important for older adults currently. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Research suggests that PHSM have already reduced levels of PA for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to COVID-19 many older adults were not engaging in enough PA to attain health benefits. Evidence indicates that there will be an increase in the number of older adults not meeting guidelines for PA due to the impacts of COVID-19. This has implications for population health and public health policy. How to support older adults to remain physically active during and after the COVID-19 crisis will require careful consideration. Going forward it is imperative that policy and practice support all older adults to achieve the recommended levels of PA to ensure that they are not disadvantaged in the short- but also in the longer term by the impact of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-020-00249-3 doi: 10.1186/s11556-020-00249-3 id: cord-348807-9xxc5hyl author: Cuomo, Raphael E. title: Sub-national longitudinal and geospatial analysis of COVID-19 tweets date: 2020-10-28 words: 3235.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348807-9xxc5hyl.txt summary: METHODS: In an effort to better understand the impacts of COVID-19, we concurrently assessed the geospatial and longitudinal distributions of Twitter messages about COVID-19 which were posted between March 3rd and April 13th and compared these results with the number of confirmed cases reported for sub-national levels of the United States. This study suggests that, across subnational areas within the United States, there exists a highly variable threshold of perceived dangerousness and/or intrusiveness required to activate outbreak-related conversations on social media platforms such as Twitter, a finding that can inform future outbreak communication and health promotion strategies. Concurrent geospatial and longitudinal analyses also indicate that predominantly rural areas of the United States increased engagement in COVID-19 social media conversations at later stages of the study timeframe. This study is unique in that it uses Twitter data as a proxy measure for assessing the concurrent longitudinal and geospatial distributions of attention to COVID-19 across local and regional communities in the United States. abstract: OBJECTIVES: According to current reporting, the number of active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections is not evenly distributed, both spatially and temporally. Reported COVID-19 infections may not have properly conveyed the full extent of attention to the pandemic. Furthermore, infection metrics are unlikely to illustrate the full scope of negative consequences of the pandemic and its associated risk to communities. METHODS: In an effort to better understand the impacts of COVID-19, we concurrently assessed the geospatial and longitudinal distributions of Twitter messages about COVID-19 which were posted between March 3rd and April 13th and compared these results with the number of confirmed cases reported for sub-national levels of the United States. Geospatial hot spot analysis was also conducted to detect geographic areas that might be at elevated risk of spread based on both volume of tweets and number of reported cases. RESULTS: Statistically significant aberrations of high numbers of tweets were detected in approximately one-third of US states, most of which had relatively high proportions of rural inhabitants. Geospatial trends toward becoming hotspots for tweets related to COVID-19 were observed for specific rural states in the United States. DISCUSSION: Population-adjusted results indicate that rural areas in the U.S. may not have engaged with the COVID-19 topic until later stages of an outbreak. Future studies should explore how this dynamic can inform future outbreak communication and health promotion. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241330 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241330 id: cord-352401-tmt1pmw9 author: Curatola, Antonietta title: Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department date: 2020-04-13 words: 984.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352401-tmt1pmw9.txt summary: title: Use of Handheld Transceiver for Hospital Healthcare Workers-Caregiver Communication During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Pediatric Emergency Department On 11th March, World Health Organization has declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Thus far, all pediatric cases in China with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection were mild cases, and no deaths had been reported. 2 The transmission of the 2019-nCov infection happened through the respiratory droplets by infected patients, but coronavirus can also be transmitted by contact with contaminated objects, such as phones, toys and doorknobs 3 ; however, also asymptomatic cases play a critical role in the transmission process. Children are considered suspected if they presented fever, cough, breathing difficulties, gastrointestinal symptoms or are related with a cluster outbreak or close contact with 2019-nCoV infected/suspected cases. It has been reported that about 15% of all HCWs become infected by COVID-19 after 10 days of work in emergency department (ED), due to the contact with the patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287053/ doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002689 id: cord-305281-vlsy1ofk author: Cuschieri, Sarah title: Dealing with COVID-19 in small European island states: Cyprus, Iceland and Malta date: 2020-11-12 words: 1982.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305281-vlsy1ofk.txt summary: The aim of this article was to compare and contrast the COVID-19 situation, restrictions, preparedness, management and the healthcare systems between the small population island states of Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. Like the rest of the Infrastructural changes were made to Iceland''s and Malta''s state hospitals, with an increase in intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators to accommodate potential COVID-19 surges in critical cases [1, 7] . A number of similar restrictions and mandatory legislations were instituted by the governments of the three small Island countries as seen in Table 1 with a Public Health Emergency declared by each country [1, 3, 9, 10] . The Republic of Cyprus was observed to have had the best curbing ability of the viral infection (up till the time of writing) out of the three small Islands as restrictions were eased, including the re-opening of the airports. abstract: Background COVID-19 became a global pandemic within weeks, as every country including small states and islands experienced a surge in cases. Small islands are known to face a number of challenges but in the quest to curb the viral spread, with the absence of land boarders and small population size, these factors should have played to their advantage to minimize the spread. The aim of this article was to compare and contrast the COVID-19 situation, restrictions, preparedness, management and the healthcare systems between the small population island states of Cyprus, Iceland and Malta. Method Data were obtained from Ministry of Health websites and COVID dashboards of the three respective Island states in Europe. Comparisons were made between the reported cases, deaths, swabbing rates, restrictions and mitigation measures and healthcare system structures. Results Malta contained the COVID-19 spread better than Cyprus and Iceland during the first wave. However, a significantly higher viral spread was observed in Malta during the second wave. Similar healthcare preparedness and services, restrictions and relaxation measures were implemented across the three islands with some exceptions such as the maximum number of people permitted in one gathering, free movement restrictions and airport regulations. Conclusion The small population size and island status proved to be an asset during the first wave of COVID-19 but different governance approaches led to a different COVID-19 outcome during the transition phases and the onset of the second wave. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378220307659?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105261 id: cord-261891-yiiz9s53 author: Czernichow, Sébastien title: Obesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Paris hospitals, France: a cohort study on 5795 patients date: 2020-08-20 words: 2711.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261891-yiiz9s53.txt summary: 8 Preliminary data from different cohorts of patients infected by COVID-19 of small sample size (lower than 400 patients), with short follow-up or with poorly described BMI indicate poorer prognosis in people with obesity compared to other patients. However, it is not possible to conclude from these results that obesity is an independent factor of mortality for patients infected with COVID-19 due to the small sample sizes of these studies, neither to have a precise estimate of obesity size effect due to the absence of BMI categories and incomplete follow-up. We imputed missing BMI category using predictive mean matching considering as the following as explaining variables: comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cancer), smoking status, sex, age and indirect information regarding BMI value (obesity from free-text reports, variables extracted from 4-digits E66 ICD-10 codes and malnutrition ICD-10 codes). abstract: BACKGROUND: Preliminary data from different cohorts of small sample size or with short follow‐up indicate poorer prognosis in people with obesity compared to other patients. This study aims to precisely describe the strength of association between obesity in patients hospitalised with Covid‐19 and mortality and clarify the risk according to usual cardiometabolic risk factors in a large cohort. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study including 5795 patients aged 18‐79 years hospitalized from 1(st) February 2020 to 30 April 2020 in Paris area, with confirmed infection by SARS‐CoV‐2. Adjusted regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality rate at 30 days across BMI classes, without and with imputation for missing BMI. RESULTS: 891 deaths occurred at 30 days. Mortality was significantly raised in people with obesity with the following OR in BMI 30‐35, 35‐40 and >40 kg/m(2): 1.89 (95%CI 1.45‐2.47), 2.79 (1.95‐3.97) and 2.55 (1.62‐3.95), respectively (18.5‐25 kg/m(2), as the reference class). This increase holds for all age classes. CONCLUSION: Obesity doubles mortality in patients hospitalized with Covid‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32815621/ doi: 10.1002/oby.23014 id: cord-317878-bqpj0ey0 author: Czick, Maureen title: COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 words: 12676.0 sentences: 811.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt summary: Silent hypoxia, atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke, olfactory loss, myocarditis, and increased mortality rates in the elderly, in men, in African-Americans, and in patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer—all bear the fingerprints of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, suggesting that RAS is the common culprit. Subpopulations manifesting higher rates of COVID-19 mortality-including hypertensives, the elderly, the obese, diabetics, men, and African-Americans-correlate with preexisting RAS imbalance, with ACE overactivity and/or ACE2 underactivity priming these patients for more severe COVID-19 outcomes. 159 Males generally have higher levels of RAS than premenopausal females, 160 perhaps explaining why male hypertensive rats show a greater blood pressure decrease with ACEIs. 161 Estrogen downregulates the expression of the AT1 gene 162, 163 and suppresses both ROS production in vascular smooth muscle and the enzymatic activity of ACE. abstract: A modern iteration of Occam’s Razor posits that “the simplest explanation is usually correct.” Coronavirus Disease 2019 involves widespread organ damage and uneven mortality demographics, deemed unexpected from what was originally thought to be “a straightforward respiratory virus.” The simplest explanation is that both the expected and unexpected aspects of COVID-19 share a common mechanism. Silent hypoxia, atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke, olfactory loss, myocarditis, and increased mortality rates in the elderly, in men, in African-Americans, and in patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer—all bear the fingerprints of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance, suggesting that RAS is the common culprit. This article examines what RAS is and how it works, then from that baseline, the article presents the evidence suggesting RAS involvement in the disparate manifestations of COVID-19. Understanding the deeper workings of RAS helps one make sense of severe COVID-19. In addition, recognizing the role of RAS imbalance suggests potential routes to mitigate COVID-19 severity. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s265518 doi: 10.2147/dmso.s265518 id: cord-355549-6xnjj5h5 author: Cécile, Couchoud title: Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. date: 2020-08-25 words: 4006.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355549-6xnjj5h5.txt summary: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. The aim of this first report from the French REIN registry is to describe the population of infected dialysis patients and their course of illness, estimate the incidence and lethality of COVID-19 disease and identify the risk factors associated with the probability of death. This can also be associated with the implementation of all the necessary preventive actions prone by the SFNDT, including 1/wearing a mask during transport and for the entire period of care, 2/systematic tracking of patients and screening at the entrance to dialysis units based on fever and symptoms or contact with an infected person and 3/restricting areas for COVID-19 cases (18),. abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253820309595?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.042 id: cord-266088-485m5ped author: Cénat, Jude Mary title: Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care date: 2020-07-10 words: 1279.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266088-485m5ped.txt summary: title: Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care However, programs that address social inequalities and the non-fulfillment of basic needs are urgently needed, both in HIC and in LMICs. Indeed, beyond the fear of the virus or the isolation of confinement, an increasing number of people go to bed hungry and worried about what their family will eat the next day. The WHO''s definition of mental health and well-being of individuals includes the fulfillment of basic human needs and rights and recommends interventions that are based on an ecosystemic approach targeting a wide range of social and psychological determinants, including social inequalities, poverty and precariousness. Food, housing and financial insecurities which prevent people from seeking mental health care, even when urgently needed, are a global issue that concern both HIC and LMICs (Cénat 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01426-y doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01426-y id: cord-288020-vhtr3l0w author: Côté, Andréanne title: Early prediction of the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019: A key step in therapeutic decision making date: 2020-08-15 words: 1348.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288020-vhtr3l0w.txt summary: In the present study, the blood sampling and assessment of risk factors used to determine the HNC-LL risk score were performed on the day of hospital admission. Previous studies have reported that an important proportion (>20%) of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 present with a marked elevation of circulating biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, Ferritin), cardiovascular damage (Troponin) and thrombo-embolism (D-Dimers), identifying subgroups of patients at high risk of in-hospital morbidity and mortality [7] [8] [9] . Predictive scores that include blood biomarkers of inflammation may help to target the subset of patients who should receive dexamethasone or other anti-inflammatory therapy at an early stage of the disease and could aid in the optimal design of new therapeutic trials. Development and validation of the HNC-LL score for predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352396420303248 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102948 id: cord-266120-bcya8jrs author: D''Ascanio, Luca title: Letter to the editor regarding “corona-steps for tracheotomy in codid-19 patients: a staff-safe method for airway management” date: 2020-04-20 words: 821.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266120-bcya8jrs.txt summary: This procedure, as already described by Wei et al, 2 prevents the expired infected air to come out under pressure ("champagne effect") from the patient''s lower airways through the tracheostomy site after deflation of the endotracheal tube cuff with a consequent reduction of HCWs'' risk of contamination. (3) In order to minimize HCWs'' intraoperative time exposure to patients'' aerosolized secretions, we connect the tracheostomy cannula with a Halyard closed suction system ® (which is attached to the ventilator at the end of the procedure) before trachea opening and cannula insertion into the trachea (Figure 1) . The time interval between deflation of the endotracheal tube cuff and connection of the cuffed tracheostomy cannula-Halyard closed suction system ® to the ventilator ("air exposure time", AET) is one of the most risky phases 2 for HCWs'' contamination since the patient''s lower airways are not totally "excluded" (not connected to the ventilator system) from the external environment. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520301676 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104731 id: cord-034952-hctfmjhv author: D''Avanzo, Barbara title: What changed in the Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards during the lockdown date: 2020-11-07 words: 973.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034952-hctfmjhv.txt summary: With this background, a total of 48 internal medicine or geriatric wards among the 93 adhering to the register REPOSI [1] answered an online questionnaire aimed to investigate the characteristics and activities of converted and non-converted wards in the crucial period of the first wave of the epidemic, 22 February-4 May 2020. Rules and prescribed procedures implemented for ward conversions were fulfilled and personal protection devices for patients and professionals made available, even though they were judged fully adequate in only 40% of the CWs and 14% of the NCWS. Follow-up of patients discharged from hospital was initiated in 11 (55%) CWs and in 10 (36%) NCWs. The country distribution of the converted wards mirrors that of the pandemic and witnesses the efforts made in Italy by the internists [3] to guarantee appropriate care for those infected. Unfortunately, we collected no information on the number of patients transferred from internal medicine and geriatric ward to intensive care units. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648509/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.10.024 id: cord-255461-i5kw4z5g author: D''Marco, Luis title: Diabetic Kidney Disease and COVID-19: The Crash of Two Pandemics date: 2020-05-06 words: 998.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255461-i5kw4z5g.txt summary: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and estimations report that ∼30-40% of DM patients will develop DKD. In this regard, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with most of the excess of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. Due to how quickly it has spread, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, will probably emerge as one of the most relevant infectious diseases of this century. Evidence reported that COVID-19 represents a real threat for patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic impairment (6, 7) . Indeed, more severe cases with higher rates of mortality have been reported in older patients and in those with chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00199 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00199 id: cord-259905-msefg1ww author: DA SILVA, MICHAEL title: COVID-19 and Health-Related Authority Allocation Puzzles date: 2020-06-08 words: 6158.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259905-msefg1ww.txt summary: Several recent COVID-19-related controversies independently raise unique concerns but jointly highlight the need to reflect on a more basic question: How can and/or should authority, and thus responsibility, over healthcare and public health law and policy be allocated within (and possibly across) countries? Although the controversies take different forms across the globe, the underlying issues are perfectly general, arising in "federal" countries, like the United States and Canada, and more "centralized" ones, like France and Israel, where all formal powers rest with a single level of government but administrative authority rests with more "local" actors who often have broad discretion to act without close oversight. Some view North American federal governments'' particular failures to secure adequate resources prior to the pandemic reaching the continent as favoring North American countries'' "decentralized" approach to healthcare and public health law and policy, but distribution of the goods those countries do possess is unequal across their constituent units (states/provinces) and inefficient in the sense of ensuring PPE are where they are most needed. abstract: COVID-19-related controversies concerning the allocation of scarce resources, travel restrictions, and physical distancing norms each raise a foundational question: How should authority, and thus responsibility, over healthcare and public health law and policy be allocated? Each controversy raises principles that support claims by traditional wielders of authority in “federal” countries, like federal and state governments, and less traditional entities, like cities and sub-state nations. No existing principle divides “healthcare and public law and policy” into units that can be allocated in intuitively compelling ways. This leads to puzzles concerning (a) the principles for justifiably allocating “powers” in these domains and (b) whether and how they change during “emergencies.” This work motivates the puzzles, explains why resolving them should be part of long-term responses to COVID-19, and outlines some initial COVID-19-related findings that shed light on justifiable authority allocation, emergencies, emergency powers, and the relationships between them. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120000468 doi: 10.1017/s0963180120000468 id: cord-276199-akoxd44f author: DEFAR, A. title: Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia date: 2020-08-16 words: 4973.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276199-akoxd44f.txt summary: title: Knowledge, Practice and associated factors towards the Prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, practices and associated factors that can contribute to the prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups in Addis Ababa. Older age, occupation (being a health worker), middle income, experience of respiratory illness and religion were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about the prevention methods for COVID-19. Older age, occupation (being a health worker), middle income, experience of respiratory illness and religion were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about the prevention methods for COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and associated factors towards the prevention of COVID-19 among the high-risk groups of Addis Ababa community. Using logistic regression analysis, the study found that occupation, religion, income, and knowledge on the transmission and prevention of COVID-19 were found to be associated with the practice of precautionary measures against COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Background Coronavirus disease-19 is a highly transmittable virus that continues to disrupt livelihoods, particularly those of low-income segments of society, around the world. In Ethiopia, more specifically in the capital city of Addis Ababa, a sudden increase in the number of confirmed positive cases in high risk groups of the community has been observed over the last few weeks of the first case. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge, practices and associated factors that can contribute to the prevention of COVID-19 among high-risk groups in Addis Ababa. Methods A cross-sectional in-person survey (n=6007) was conducted from 14-30 April 2020 following a prioritization within high-risk groups in Addis Ababa. The study area targeted bus stations, public transport drivers, air transport infrastructure, health facilities, public and private pharmacies, hotels, government-owned and private banks, telecom centers, trade centers, orphanages, elderly centers, prison, prisons and selected slum areas where the people live in a crowed. A questionnaire comprised of four sections (demographics, knowledge, practice and reported symptoms) was used for data collection. The outcomes (knowledge in the transmission and prevention of COVID-19 and practices) were measured using four items. Multivariable logistic regression was applied with adjustment for potential confounding. Results About half (48%, 95% CI: 46,49) of the study participants had poor knowledge on the transmission mode of COVID-19 whereas six out of ten (60%, 95% CI: 58,61) had good knowledge on prevention methods for COVID-19. The practice of preventive measures towards COVID-19 was found to be low (49%, 95% CI: 48,50). Factors that influence knowledge on COVID-19 transmission mechanisms were female gender, older age, occupation (health care and grocery worker), lower income and the use of the 8335 free call centre. Older age, occupation (being a health worker), middle income, experience of respiratory illness and religion were significantly associated with being knowledgeable about the prevention methods for COVID-19. The study found that occupation, religion, income, knowledge on the transmission and prevention of COVID-19 were associated with the practice of precautionary measures towards COVID-19. Conclusion The study highlighted that there was moderate knowledge about transmission modes and prevention mechanism. Similarly, there was moderate practice of measures that contribute towards the prevention of COVID-19 among these priority high-risk communities of Addis Ababa. There is an urgent need to fill the knowledge gap in terms of transmission mode and prevention methods of COVID-19 to improve preventions practices and control the spread of COVID-19. Use of female public figures and religious leaders could support the effort towards the increase in awareness. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.14.20172429 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20172429 id: cord-024634-ciuynofm author: DOBBS, Mary title: National Governance of Public Health Responses in a Pandemic? date: 2020-04-21 words: 3825.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024634-ciuynofm.txt summary: Whilst each state shares values and goals of strong public health and also a resilient economy, with both closely intertwined in the long term, there is clearly no broad global consensus on the balance between values and approaches to them. Consequently, any decision-making is based on the precautionary principle (whether express or otherwise) and it becomes more challenging to identify clear pathways to address the pandemic effectively that also minimise countervailing riskssomething that may in itself justify national rather than international approaches, even whilst benefiting from the centralisation and sharing of scientific data. If one returns to the three core approaches and presumes that they are each effective in principleherd immunity will arise, case numbers and severity can be controlled and/or the disease can be eradicated within the populationsimply reflect on the global nature of our society and the continued shifting nature of our populations. abstract: The world is currently facing the worst pandemic in a century and we were caught unprepared. COVID-19 has proven highly contagious and with severe consequences that are still unfolding. As of 16 April 2020, there were over 2 million confirmed cases and over 136,000 related deaths reported worldwide. Over 1 million of those confirmed cases were in the preceding 14 days, with the USA accounting for nearly half of those. Furthermore, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is now warning that the world is about to suffer the worst economic recession since the Great Depression in the 1920s. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211797/ doi: 10.1017/err.2020.39 id: cord-346596-uahjsqzh author: DOYEN, Denis title: Characteristics of cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 words: 1670.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346596-uahjsqzh.txt summary: 49 The most frequent abnormalities were electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs 50 of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities (87% of patients with cardiac injury), right ventricular 51 (RV) systolic dysfunction (47%), pericardial effusion (43%), new-onset atrial arrhythmias 52 (33%), LV relaxation impairment (33%) and LV systolic dysfunction (13%). 49 The most frequent abnormalities were electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs 50 of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities (87% of patients with cardiac injury), right ventricular 51 (RV) systolic dysfunction (47%), pericardial effusion (43%), new-onset atrial arrhythmias 52 (33%), LV relaxation impairment (33%) and LV systolic dysfunction (13%). 5, 6 Moreover in studies also 69 considering electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic abnormalities to define cardiac 70 injury, the latter were not described, limited to assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic 71 function 2,4,7 or were described in non-critically ill patients. abstract: Background Cardiac injury has been reported in up to 30% of COVID-19 patients. However, cardiac injury was mainly defined by troponin elevation without description of associated structural abnormalities and its time course has never been studied. Research question What are the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities as well as their time course in critically ill COVID-19 patients? Study Design and Methods The cardiac function of 43 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted in two intensive care units (ICU) was prospectively and repeatedly assessed combining electrocardiographic, cardiac biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiographic analyses from ICU admission (D0) to ICU discharge or death or to a maximum follow-up of 14 days. Cardiac injury was defined by troponin elevation and newly diagnosed electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic abnormalities. Results At D0, 49% of patients had a cardiac injury and 70% of patients experienced cardiac injury within the first 14 days of ICU stay, with a median time of occurrence of 3[0-7] days. The most frequent abnormalities were electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs of left ventricular (LV) abnormalities (87% of patients with cardiac injury), right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (47%), pericardial effusion (43%), new-onset atrial arrhythmias (33%), LV relaxation impairment (33%) and LV systolic dysfunction (13%). Between D0 and D14, the incidence of pericardial effusion and of new-onset atrial arrhythmias increased, the incidence of electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs of LV abnormalities as well as the incidence of LV relaxation impairment remained stable, whereas the incidence of RV and LV systolic dysfunction decreased. Interpretation Cardiac injury is common and early in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Electrocardiographic and/or echocardiographic signs of LV abnormalities were the most frequent abnormalities and patients with cardiac injury experienced more RV than LV systolic dysfunction. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220351096?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.056 id: cord-258402-9s57thvn author: Dabas, Vineet title: Management of Orthopaedic Accidental Emergencies Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Our Experience in Preparing to Live with Corona date: 2020-09-10 words: 3703.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258402-9s57thvn.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: With increasing prevalence of coronavirus cases (including among health care providers), the current advice for orthopaedic surgeons is to favor non-operative management of most injuries and reduce face-to-face follow-up. The standard operating procedures (SOPs) were implemented which were based upon the recommendations of ICMR, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI and Indian Orthopaedic Association (IOA) [10] , and targeted to provide optimum healthcare at a minimum risk to the treating team as well as other patients admitted to the hospital. Among the non-COVID-19 suspects, who were shifted to non-isolation zone, those who could be managed conservatively were given adequate primary treatment like fluids, analgesics and splintage and were discharged at the earliest so as to minimize the risk of infection transmission to them as well as health care workers. abstract: INTRODUCTION: With increasing prevalence of coronavirus cases (including among health care providers), the current advice for orthopaedic surgeons is to favor non-operative management of most injuries and reduce face-to-face follow-up. We present our experience in managing the patients at Government-run non-COVID-19 trauma center in Delhi in an algorithmic form. Our standard operating protocols were mainly based on recommendations of Indian Orthopaedic Association and targeted to provide healthcare at a minimum risk to the treating team as well as other patients admitted to the hospital. METHODOLOGY: We describe the inflow, in-hospital management and outflow of patients at our facility during the lockdown period and in the following unlock period (from 23 March to 8 July 2020). Those patients who had absolute indications for surgery were offered surgery, while conservative treatment was more favored in those with relative indications. We also highlight the changes incorporated in OT settings as well as in rehabilitative and follow-up period. RESULTS: Following the described protocol helped us maintain a balance between the safety of patients and our front line workers which was evident by very low COVID-19-positive rate in admitted patients (4.22%) and health care providers (16.67%) in the above-mentioned time period. CONCLUSIONS: We need to be prepared to cohabitate with this deadly Novel Coronavirus and adapt our surgical practices according to the need of the hour by minimizing surgical indications and strengthening the training in conservative principles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934420/ doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00252-x id: cord-343917-67qjqxqh author: Dabrowska, Dominika title: Staying Ahead of the Curve: Modified Approach to Emergency Caesarean Section Under General Anaesthesia in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 3442.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343917-67qjqxqh.txt summary: The aim of this review is to highlight the key recommendations related to obstetric anaesthesia from scientific bodies in the United Kingdom and United States and to summarize recently developed and implemented clinical pathways for care of obstetric patients – specifically those requiring urgent general anaesthesia for caesarean section within a large maternity unit in London. The need to perform an emergency operative delivery in a timely manner while ensuring clinicians are suitably equipped and protected represents a uniquely challenging scenario, given the higher risk of viral transmission with aerosol generating procedures. In order to minimise delays to delivery in obstetric emergencies that require general anaesthesia, the following actions should be taken prior to patient''s arrival to operating theatre while anaesthetic/scrub teams don PPE and prepare for intubation: Step 4: Safe administration of GA The equipment/ drugs that need to be available include: · Video laryngoscope. abstract: The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has prompted healthcare professionals to re-design and modify the standards of care and operating procedures relevant to dealing with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to highlight the key recommendations related to obstetric anaesthesia from scientific bodies in the United Kingdom and United States and to summarize recently developed and implemented clinical pathways for care of obstetric patients – specifically those requiring urgent general anaesthesia for caesarean section within a large maternity unit in London. The need to perform an emergency operative delivery in a timely manner while ensuring clinicians are suitably equipped and protected represents a uniquely challenging scenario, given the higher risk of viral transmission with aerosol generating procedures. In these settings, emphasis needs to be put on meticulous preparation, safety checklists and specific equipment and staffing adjustments. We present a structured framework comprised of four critical steps aimed to facilitate the development of local strategies and protocols. url: https://doi.org/10.5152/tjar.2020.280420 doi: 10.5152/tjar.2020.280420 id: cord-307378-cx1jz7wf author: Dadar, Maryam title: The association between the incidence of COVID-19 and the distance from the virus epicenter in Iran date: 2020-09-02 words: 2337.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307378-cx1jz7wf.txt summary: Since the first official report of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the city of Qom in mid-February, Iran has become the country most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the distance from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) or demographic factors such as population density and the ratio of the elderly population are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in different Iranian provinces. Through regression analysis, this study aimed to evaluate whether the distance of different Iranian provinces from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) was associated with the incidence of COVID-19 at the early stages of the epidemic in Iran. COVID-19 has spread to all 31 Iranian provinces, and the city of Tehran, the densely populated capital with over 13 million people located 150 km northeast of Qom, leads the country in COVID-19 cases ( Table 1) . abstract: Since the first official report of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the city of Qom in mid-February, Iran has become the country most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in the Middle East. All Iranian provinces are now affected, although to a different extent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the distance from the epicenter of the infection (Qom) or demographic factors such as population density and the ratio of the elderly population are associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in different Iranian provinces. For the purpose of determining whether the distance from the virus epicenter could be associated with the spread of infection, linear regression analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software. The association of the incidence of COVID-19 with the population density and the ratio of the population over 65 years old in 31 Iranian provinces was also evaluated. According to our results, a strong association was found between the incidence of COVID-19 in Iranian provinces and their respective distance from Qom (p < 0.001; C = -0.68). The incidence of COVID-19 in Iranian provinces was also positively associated with the ratio of the population over 65 years old (p = 0.002; C = 0.53), while no significant association with population density was found (p = 0.39; C = 0.16). These results suggest that the implementation of travel restrictions from highly affected areas to other provinces could considerably reduce the rate of transmission of the disease throughout the country. Also, provinces with a higher proportion of elderly people (over 65) were identified as particularly at risk for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These results will contribute to better management of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, taking into account demographic and geographic characteristics of different provinces. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04774-5 doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04774-5 id: cord-257429-k1rgljmu author: Daga, S. title: Employing a Systematic Approach to Biobanking and Analyzing Genetic and Clinical Data for Advancing COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-24 words: 6329.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257429-k1rgljmu.txt summary: The GEN-COVID Multicenter Study was designed to collect and systematize biological samples and clinical data across multiple hospitals and health facilities in Italy with the purpose of deriving patient-level phenotypic and genotypic data and the specific intention to make samples and data available to COVID-19 researchers globally. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161307 doi: medRxiv preprint complete datasets are then used within the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study for identifying multi-organ involvement in COVID-19, defining genetic parameters for infection susceptibility within the population, and mapping genetically COVID-19 severity and clinical complexity among patients. In order to ensure a collection that could be, as much as possible, comprehensive and representative of the Italian population, hospitals from across Italy, local healthcare units, and departments of preventive medicine were involved in collecting samples and associated patient-level data for the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study. abstract: Within the GEN-COVID Multicenter Study, biospecimens from more than 1,000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals have thus far been collected in the GEN-COVID Biobank (GCB). Sample types include whole blood, plasma, serum, leukocytes, and DNA. The GCB links samples to detailed clinical data available in the GEN-COVID Patient Registry (GCPR). It includes hospitalized patients (74.25%), broken down into intubated, treated by CPAP-biPAP, treated with O2 supplementation, and without respiratory support (9.5%, 18.4%, 31.55% and 14.8, respectively); and non-hospitalized subjects (25.75%), either pauci- or asymptomatic. More than 150 clinical patient-level data fields have been collected and binarized according to the organs/systems primarily affected by COVID-19: heart, liver, pancreas, kidney, chemosensors, innate or adaptive immunity, and clotting system, for further statistics. Hierarchical Clustering analysis identified five main clinical categories: i) severe multisystemic failure with either thromboembolic or pancreatic variant; ii) cytokine storm type either severe with liver involvement or moderate; iii) moderate heart type either with or without liver damage; iv) moderate multisystemic involvement either with or without liver damage; v) mild either with or without hyposmia. GCB and GCPR are further linked to the GEN-COVID Genetic Data Repository (GCGDR), which includes data from Whole Exome Sequencing and high-density SNP genotyping. The data are available for sharing through the Network for Italian Genomes, within the COVID-19 dedicated section. The study objective is to systematize this comprehensive data collection and start identifying multi-organ involvement in COVID-19, defining genetic parameters for infection susceptibility within the population, and mapping genetically COVID-19 severity and clinical complexity among patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.24.20161307v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161307 id: cord-276984-npgalqoz author: Dahl Mathiasen, Victor title: Uneventful case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient date: 2020-07-20 words: 1779.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276984-npgalqoz.txt summary: Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Fourteen days after admission, the patient still had discrete coughing and intermittent fever, and was referred to a COVID-19 drive-in test unit for an oropharyngeal swab, which was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using PCR. We present a case of mild COVID-19 in a patient in immunosuppressive therapy due to kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus and prednisolone were continued in our patient, although recently published data show that immunosuppressive therapy is often discontinued in kidney transplant recipients. 4 Immunosuppressive therapy was relatively modest in this case, while other risk factors favouring a severe course of COVID-19, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease and obesity, were present. abstract: Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Yet, here we describe a remarkably mild case of COVID-19 in a 62-year-old female who had a kidney transplantation 10 years earlier due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The patient was admitted for 1 day; immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and low-dose prednisolone was continued; and the patient recovered successfully without the use of antiviral agents or oxygen therapy. The case demonstrates that kidney transplant recipients are not necessarily severely affected by COVID-19. Withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy could be associated with poorer outcomes and should not be implemented thoughtlessly. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237427 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237427 id: cord-266079-nv28ppft author: Dai, Jinghong title: Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review date: 2020-05-25 words: 2384.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266079-nv28ppft.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. In the following sections, we present two representative confirmed severe COVID-19 cases according to WHO interim guidance [1] who have received corticosteroid treatment during their hospitalization. Clark Russell and his colleagues [4] summarized the available clinical evidence on corticosteroid therapy in severe COVID-19 [5] , Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [6] and influenza [7] against corticosteroid use in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia, except in the setting of a clinical trial. Reports showed that the proper use of corticosteroids could reduce the mortality of critically ill SARS patients and shorten their hospital stay without causing secondary infections and other complications [8] . reported that methylprednisolone treatment might be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [10] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. The use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 remains a major controversy. Available evidences are inconclusive. According to WHO guidance, corticosteroids are not recommended to be used unless for another reason. Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) proposes an expert consensus statement that suggests taking a prudent attitude of corticosteroid usage. In our clinical practice, we do not use corticosteroids routinely; only low-to-moderate doses of corticosteroids were given to several severely ill patients prudently. In this paper, we will present two confirmed severe COVID-19 cases admitted to isolation wards in Optical Valley Campus of Tongji hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We will discuss questions related to corticosteroids usages. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32451729/ doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05172-7 id: cord-309981-4p3ybrn1 author: Dai, Ling-Ling title: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 words: 3554.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309981-4p3ybrn1.txt summary: From February 23, 2020, to February 26, 2020, we obtained sociodemographic and clinical characteristics information of COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital (Wuhan, China) and assessed their mental health status and sleep quality. As with other infectious diseases, preliminary evidence suggests that COVID-19 also causes public panic and mental health stress; symptoms of anxiety and depression are common psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be associated with sociodemographic factors and sleep quality [6] [7] [8] [9] . This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and poor sleep quality among 307 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China, 2 months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, using one-sample-tests, it was determined that both SAS (42.92±7.30) and SDS (39.77±10.11) scores of the participants of our study were higher than Chinese norms (SAS, 29.78±10.07, n = 1158; SDS, 33.46±8.55, n = 1340) (both P<0.001) [26] , indicating more severe levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients admitted to Fangcang hospitals, compared with the general public. abstract: Fangcang shelter hospitals were established in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a countermeasure to stop the spread of the disease. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted on mental health problems among patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and major influencing factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients admitted to Fangcang shelter hospitals. From February 23, 2020, to February 26, 2020, we obtained sociodemographic and clinical characteristics information of COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital (Wuhan, China) and assessed their mental health status and sleep quality. Data were obtained with an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of a set of items on demographic characteristics, a set of items on clinical characteristics, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Three hundred seven COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital participated in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 18.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Poor sleep quality and having ≥ two current physical symptoms were independent risk factors for anxiety symptoms. Female sex, having a family member with confirmed COVID-19, and having ≥ two current physical symptoms were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found to be common among COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Shelter Hospital, with some patients being at high risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857826/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238416 id: cord-345315-y3bdjnhg author: Dai, Yaoyao title: Identifying the outbreak signal of COVID-19 before the response of the traditional disease monitoring system date: 2020-10-01 words: 3327.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345315-y3bdjnhg.txt summary: We performed a comparative study to determine the feasibility of the early detection of the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on influenza surveillance data and the internet-based Baidu search index to evaluate the timelines of the alert signals compared with the traditional case reporting and response systems. The findings from this study suggest that monitoring abnormal surges of ILI and identifying peaks of online searches of key terms can provide early signals of novel disease outbreaks. In this study, we performed a comparative study to discuss the early warning capability, timelines, and validity of alert signals for the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on the surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) and the Baidu Search Index (BSI) compared with the traditional case reporting system. abstract: New coronavirus cases and related deaths are continuing to occur worldwide. Early identification of the emergence of novel outbreaks of infectious diseases is critical to the generation of timely responses. We performed a comparative study to determine the feasibility of the early detection of the COVID-19 outbreak in China based on influenza surveillance data and the internet-based Baidu search index to evaluate the timelines of the alert signals compared with the traditional case reporting and response systems. An abnormal increase in the number of influenza-like illnesses (ILI) occurred at least one month earlier than the clinical reports of pneumonia with unknown causes and the conventional monitoring system. The peak of the search volume was 20 days earlier than the issuance of the massive official warning about the epidemic. The findings from this study suggest that monitoring abnormal surges of ILI and identifying peaks of online searches of key terms can provide early signals of novel disease outbreaks. We emphasize the importance of broadening the potential of syndromic surveillance, internet searches, and social media data together with the traditional disease surveillance system to enhance early detection and understanding of emerging infectious diseases. SYNOPSIS: Early identification of the emergence of an outbreak of a novel infectious disease is critical to generating a timely response. The traditional monitoring system is adequate for detecting the outbreak of common diseases; however, it is insufficient for the discovery of novel infectious diseases. In this study, we used COVID-19 as an example to compare the delay time of different tools for identifying disease outbreaks. The results showed that both the abnormal spike in influenza-like illnesses and the peak of online searches of key terms could provide early signals. We emphasize the importance of testing these findings and discussing the broader potential to use syndromic surveillance, internet searches, and social media data together with traditional disease surveillance systems for early detection and understanding of novel emerging infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008758 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008758 id: cord-281686-edpyn8fd author: Dalamaga, Maria title: 19 treatment regimens? date: 2020-05-08 words: 1448.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281686-edpyn8fd.txt summary: These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. It could also be reasonable to speculate that iron chelators may prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung function decline following COVID-19 infection. abstract: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, no specific prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is available. No evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that a treatment may ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 exists with the only exception of preliminary evidence from remdesivir trials. Here, we present evidence from the literature and a compelling hypothesis on the potential immunomodulatory, iron chelating and anti-oxidant effects of iron chelators in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Iron chelators exhibit iron chelating, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly against RNA viruses. These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Both retrospective analyses of data in electronic health records, as well as proof of concept studies in humans and large RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of iron chelating agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of COVID-19, probably as an adjunctive treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32418885/ doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260 id: cord-347737-guldy3cq author: Dalan, Rinkoo title: Metformin, Neutrophils and COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-22 words: 698.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347737-guldy3cq.txt summary: Recent reports have shown that that sera from patients with COVID-19 have elevated levels of NETS such as cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3), highly specific markers of NETs and these were associated with markers of inflammation [10] . Metformin has been shown to reduce neutrophil count in polycystic ovarian disease [13] and reduce neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in patients with diabetes [14] . Metformin has been associated with a decrease in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an acute phase protein released by neutrophils and is known to be elevated in patients with diabetes [17] . While beneficial mechanistic links through neutrophils can be suggested with the use of metformin, it is important to realise that a relatively high rate of mortality in patients with co-existing diabetes has been reported in COVID-19 [20] . Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is elevated in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery stenosis and reduced under metformin treatment. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720304800 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108230 id: cord-252616-aobuhwbi author: Dalla Costa, Gloria title: Real-time assessment of COVID-19 prevalence among multiple sclerosis patients: a multicenter European study date: 2020-07-02 words: 1732.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252616-aobuhwbi.txt summary: We assessed the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients across Europe by leveraging participant data collected as part of the ongoing EU IMI2 RADAR-CNS major programme aimed at finding new ways of monitoring neurological disorders using wearable devices and smartphone technology. Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Central Nervous System Disorders (RADAR-CNS) is an Innovative Medicine Initiative-funded project aimed at monitoring major depressive disorders, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS) using wearable devices and smartphone technology [2] . Through the ongoing remote monitoring of MS patients in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04519-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. However, the study highlights the importance of remote monitoring technologies that have shed some light on the impact of COVID-19 in our MS patients in real time and may provide support to health authorities in monitoring and containing the pandemic. abstract: We assessed the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients across Europe by leveraging participant data collected as part of the ongoing EU IMI2 RADAR-CNS major programme aimed at finding new ways of monitoring neurological disorders using wearable devices and smartphone technology. In the present study, 399 patients of RADAR-MS have been included (mean age 43.9 years, 60.7% females) with 87/399 patients (21.8%) reporting major symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. A trend for an increased risk of COVID-19 symptoms under alemtuzumab and cladribine treatments in comparison to injectables was observed. Remote monitoring technologies may support health authorities in monitoring and containing the ongoing pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10072-020-04519-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617741/ doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04519-x id: cord-264412-2dwk06yd author: Dallavalle, Gianfranco title: Migraine Symptoms Improvement During the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Cohort of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-10-08 words: 3316.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264412-2dwk06yd.txt summary: As the COVID-19 emergency may have affected the levels of stress perceived by children and adolescents with migraine, the present study was aimed to understand the effect of COVID-19 emergency on symptoms intensity and frequency in pediatric patients. As the COVID-19 emergency may have affected the levels of stress perceived by children and adolescents with migraine, the present study was aimed to understand the effect of COVID-19 emergency on symptoms intensity and frequency in pediatric patients. Discussion: A significant reduction of migraine symptoms intensity and frequency was observed in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. Discussion: A significant reduction of migraine symptoms intensity and frequency was observed in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. This study highlighted a significant reduction of the intensity and frequency of migraine symptoms in the present cohort of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. abstract: Background: Pediatric migraine is among the most common primary or comorbid neurologic disorders in children. Psychological stressors are widely acknowledged as potential triggers involved in recurring episodes of pediatric migraine. As the COVID-19 emergency may have affected the levels of stress perceived by children and adolescents with migraine, the present study was aimed to understand the effect of COVID-19 emergency on symptoms intensity and frequency in pediatric patients. Methods: A cohort of 142 child and adolescent patients with a diagnosis of migraine was enrolled at the Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit of the IRCCS Mondino Foundation in Pavia (Italy). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from medical records. An on-line survey was used to collect information on COVID-19 exposure, stress response to the lockdown period, anxious symptoms during COVID-19 emergency, as well as migraine symptoms intensity and frequency before and during the lockdown. Results: The great majority were outpatients (n = 125, 88.0%), 52 (36.6%) had migraine with aura, whereas, 90 (63.4%) had migraine without aura. All the patients reporting worsening symptoms progression before COVID-19, had reduced intensity during the lockdown (χ(2) = 31.05, p < 0.0001). Symptoms frequency reduction was observed in 50% of patients presenting worsening symptoms before the lockdown, 45% of those who were stable, and 12% of those who were already improving. All patients who had resolved symptoms before COVID-19 were stable during the lockdown (χ(2) = 38.66, p < 0.0001). Anxious symptomatology was significantly associated with greater migraine symptoms frequency (χ(2) = 19.69, p < 0.001). Repeating the analysis separately for individuals with and without aura did not affect the findings and significant associations were confirmed for both the patients' subgroups. Discussion: A significant reduction of migraine symptoms intensity and frequency was observed in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 lockdown phase in northern Italy. The improvement in both intensity and frequency of the migraine symptoms was especially significant in patients who were stable or worsening before the lockdown. The reduction of symptoms severity during a period of reduced environmental challenges and pressures further highlights the need of providing effective training in stress regulation and coping for these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133010/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.579047 id: cord-352770-6mz9abmc author: Daly, Michael title: Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States date: 2020-10-27 words: 3734.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352770-6mz9abmc.txt summary: This study identified substantial increases in distress in the US during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis that largely diminished in the weeks that followed and suggests that population level resilience in mental health may be occurring in response to the pandemic. The objective of the present was to examine how psychological distress has changed during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and to examine whether there are population sub-groups who are particularly vulnerable to persistent distress during the crisis, including those with pre-existing mental health diagnoses. Consistent with other studies examining mental health (e.g. Daly et al., 2020; McGinty et al., 2020) , we found evidence that distress increased from mid-March to early-April, 2020 as the pandemic first emerged in the US. Substantial increases in distress in the US during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis largely diminished in the weeks that followed and this suggests that population level resilience in mental health may be occurring in response to the pandemic. abstract: There is growing concern that the COVID-19 crisis may have long-standing mental health effects across society particularly amongst those with pre-existing mental health conditions. In this observational population-based study, we examined how psychological distress changed following the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis in the United States and tested whether certain population subgroups were vulnerable to persistent distress during the crisis. We analyzed longitudinal nationally representative data from eight waves of the Understanding America Study (UAS) collected between March 10(th) and July 20(th), 2020 (N = 7319 Observations = 46145). Differences in distress trends were examined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and household income and by the presence of a pre-existing mental health diagnosis. Psychological distress was assessed using the standardized total score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). On average psychological distress increased significantly by 0.27 standard deviations (95% CI [0.23,0.31], p<.001) from March 10-18 to April 1-14, 2020 as the COVID-19 crisis emerged and lockdown restrictions began in the US. Distress levels subsequently declined to mid-March levels by June, 2020 (d =-.31, 95% CI [-0.34,-0.27], p<.001). Across the sociodemographic groups examined and those with pre-existing mental health conditions we observed a sharp rise in distress followed by a recovery to baseline distress levels. This study identified substantial increases in distress in the US during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis that largely diminished in the weeks that followed and suggests that population level resilience in mental health may be occurring in response to the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022395620310384 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.035 id: cord-323570-jpicmqpq author: Dambha-Miller, Hajira title: Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol date: 2020-07-15 words: 2402.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323570-jpicmqpq.txt summary: The following data will be extracted and verified by one of the five members of the review team (AA, HDM, CW, SH, SK): (1) drug class; (2) drug name; (3) duration of treatment; (4) effect on ACE2 level (defined as upregulation, or downregulation, or no effect); (5) model (for example, human, mouse); (6) site of ACE2 receptor (for example, lung, brain); (7) study design; (8) study population (including disease state studied for human and animal model studies); (9) sample size; and (10) country. Summary This review will deliver timely and key answers to an important question amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: do any routinely prescribed drugs up-or down-regulate levels of ACE2 expression or activity, and therefore play a potential role in disease transmission? The strengths of this review protocol include its broad search strategy; inclusion of both human and animal studies;and the intention to rapidly assess and synthesise the evidence to meet the pressing research needs of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors believe that this will be the first systematic review assessing associations between drug exposure and levels of ACE2 expression or activity for drugs routinely prescribed in the UK. abstract: BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 binds human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in human tissues. ACE2 expression may be associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. Routinely prescribed drugs that up- or down-regulate ACE2 expression are, therefore, of critical research interest as agents that might promote or reduce risk of COVID-19 infection in a susceptible population. AIM: To collate evidence on routinely prescribed drug treatments in the UK that could up- or down-regulate ACE2, and thus potentially affect COVID-19 infection. DESIGN & SETTING: Systematic review of studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 1 April 2020. METHOD: A systematic review will be conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) assesses the effect of drug exposure on ACE2 level of expression or activity; (2) the drug is included in the British National Formulary (BNF) and, therefore, available to prescribe in the UK; and (3) a control, placebo, or sham group is included as comparator. Exclusion criteria will be: (1) ACE2 measurement in utero; (2) ACE2 measurement in children aged <18 years; (3) drug not in the BNF; and (4) review article. Quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies, and the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool for animal studies. RESULTS: Data will be reported in summary tables and narrative synthesis. CONCLUSION: This systematic review will identify drug therapies that may increase or decrease ACE2 expression. This might identify medications increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission, or as targets for intervention in mitigating transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665234/ doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101115 id: cord-303204-xaio3nx6 author: Dami, Fabrice title: Lausanne medical dispatch centre’s response to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 1143.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303204-xaio3nx6.txt summary: A second non-emergency medical help-line dispatch is located in the same building, handles 800 calls per day and is staffed with registered nurses only. Figure 1 shows the number of calls received and ambulances dispatched (total and COVID-19 suspected). Inappropriate calls were reduced to between five and ten per day once State and nationwide dedicated information helplines were set from March 6th to answers general questions about COVID-19; the State''s help line received 2′500 calls per day. At the same time, the non-emergency help line increased its incoming calls volume from 800 to 2′500 per day. Some lessons learned so far from COVID-19 include: a non-emergency medical dispatch and specific help lines may save your dispatch from drowning; protect your staff; have a B plan (such as deported-based dispatch); and maintain protocols for downgrading your response. abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is an unprecedented event. It is therefore essential for dispatch centres to share their experiences while the crisis is underway, similar to hospitals, so that we will all benefit from feedback. This letter to the editor describes the Lausanne dispatch centre response to COVID-19 and the lessons learned so far. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404141/ doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00735-8 id: cord-315756-g6g34uvh author: Danchin, A. title: Immunity after COVID-19: protection or sensitization ? date: 2020-05-23 words: 4278.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315756-g6g34uvh.txt summary: Then we use a compartmental epidemic model structured by immunity level (taken here as age classes) that we fit on available data; this allows to derive quantitative insights into the future number of severe cases and deaths. Note that in both cases the results depend on the total epidemic infection rate, which is between α t = 5.7% (present) and the group immunity rate 1 − 1/R 0 (i.e., 70% for R 0 = 3.3). Note first that the relatively controlled nature of the 2003 SARS epidemic did not allow us to draw conclusions on how the 2003 epidemic influenced the infected (too few cases); by contrast, if a sensitizing process in the immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 exists, the pandemic nature of the 2019/20 COVID-19 outbreak will likely have noticeable effects on the overall population health state. abstract: Motivated by historical and present clinical observations, we discuss the possible unfavorable evolution of the immunity (similar to documented antibody-dependent enhancement scenarios) after a first infection with COVID-19. More precisely we ask the question of how the epidemic outcomes are affected if the initial infection does not provide immunity but rather sensitization to future challenges. We first provide background comparison with the 2003 SARS epidemic. Then we use a compartmental epidemic model structured by immunity level (taken here as age classes) that we fit on available data; this allows to derive quantitative insights into the future number of severe cases and deaths. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.21.20108860v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20108860 id: cord-292546-un0blb3w author: Dandachi, Dima title: Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients with HIV and Coronavirus Disease-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 3438.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292546-un0blb3w.txt summary: BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting. [12] [13] [14] [15] Some of these studies reported that PWH with COVID-19 had similar clinical characteristics and comparable risk of severe disease to the general population. Study variables included patient demographics, HIV-associated variables, underlying medical problems, COVID-19 clinical presentation as reported by patients, laboratory values, treatment, and clinical outcomes. In a multivariable analysis, older age, lower CD4 count, chronic lung disease, hypertension, and high comorbidity burden were significantly associated with severe outcomes (Table 4) . As reported in multiple other studies in people without HIV, we found that age, chronic lung disease, and comorbidity burden were associated with increased rates of severe outcomes. In addition, among HIV-specific factors, we found that a lower CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3) was associated with poor outcomes, including higher hospitalization rates, lower ICU-free survival, and overall survival. abstract: BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting. METHODS: Healthcare providers enrolled consecutively by non-random sampling PWH with lab-confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed at their facilities between April 1st and July 1st, 2020. De-identified data were entered into an electronic Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). The primary endpoint was severe outcome, defined as a composite endpoint of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or death. The secondary outcome was the need for hospitalization. RESULTS: 286 patients were included; the mean age was 51.4 years (SD, 14.4), 25.9% were female, and 75.4% were African-American or Hispanic. Most patients (94.3%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 88.7% had HIV virologic suppression, and 80.8% had comorbidities. Within 30 days of positive SARS-CoV-2 testing, 164 (57.3%) patients were hospitalized, and 47 (16.5%) required ICU admission. Mortality rates were 9.4% (27/286) overall, 16.5% (27/164) among those hospitalized, and 51.5% (24/47) among those admitted to an ICU. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 17.5% (50/286) of all patients and 30.5% (50/164) of hospitalized patients. Older age, chronic lung disease, and hypertension were associated with severe outcomes. A lower CD4 count (<200 cells/mm³) was associated with the primary and secondary endpoints. There was no association between the antiretroviral regimen or lack of viral suppression and predefined outcomes. CONCLUSION: Severe clinical outcomes occurred commonly in PWH and COVID-19. The risk for poor outcomes was higher in those with comorbidities and lower CD4 cell counts, despite HIV viral suppression. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1339 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1339 id: cord-285370-qv64xzjh author: Dandel, Michael title: Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 infection: the role of echocardiography in patient management date: 2020-08-24 words: 1885.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285370-qv64xzjh.txt summary: Comparing the clinical and echocardiographic (ECHO) characteristics of patients treated in the intensive-care unit (ICU) with those of inpatients who did not necessitate intensive care, the study revealed valuable data which provide important insights into the highly complex and still barely known issue of cardiac manifestations related to COVID-19 infection. It has been observed that almost one third of the hospitalized non-critically ill COVID-19 infected patients can exhibit pulmonary hypertension (PH) and/or right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and that patients who necessitate cardiorespiratory therapy in an ICU can develop isolated RV failure (RVF), more often associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) related to high-pressure mechanical ventilation or derived from pulmonary embolism and/or small pulmonary vessel in situ thrombosis [2] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32833108/ doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01507-3 id: cord-281875-lq015thu author: Daneshjou, Roxana title: Pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19 in Skin of Color date: 2020-07-12 words: 865.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281875-lq015thu.txt summary: Recently, the skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection have emerged, with reports and series documenting petechial eruptions, transient livedo reticularis, erythematous rashes, urticaria, primary varicella-like like presentations, and pernio-like eruption. 4, 6, 7 Several case series and case reports have been published with photos documenting the pernio-like eruption associated with COVID-19; however, most published photos have been in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) I or II. 8 Given the disparities in dermatological educational resources, we present a series of seven patients with diverse skin types from FST III to V with pernio-like eruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. At time of presentation to a dermatologist, patients reported having a pernio-like eruption from a range of 2 weeks to 8 weeks. Additional data establishing the causal link between COVID-19 and pernio-like eruption is needed; in order to facilitate understanding of the appearance of these lesions, we present clinical images across diverse skin types. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835046/ doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.07.009 id: cord-313267-dc8z4jzo author: Daneshkhah, Ali title: The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality date: 2020-04-10 words: 4998.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313267-dc8z4jzo.txt summary: The substantially higher age-specific CFR and the age-specific ratio of confirmed cases in Italy and Spain (countries with low mean 25OHD level) suggest a potential link between severe Vit D deficiency and severe COVID-19, which can lead to a higher CFR. Our analysis of the published data on the status of Vit D and CRP levels (in the US) and laboratory data (CRP levels) reported from 792 patients in China suggests that a proper supplementation of Vit D across populations may reduce the number of severe COVID-19 cases by up to 15 percentage points by lowering the risk factors related to cytokine storm. This could be a reason for the notably higher ratio of confirmed elderly patients with COVID-19 in Italy and Spain compared to other countries, since the age distribution of the countries (shown in Figure 4 (b)) cannot fully explain the reported numbers. abstract: The authors have withdrawn this manuscript because they have noticed idiosyncrasies in the reporting of 25(OH)D data across different countries. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited until after this issue is addressed. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20058578 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20058578 id: cord-256223-g7gw02pf author: Dang, Anh Kim title: Evidence of COVID-19 Impacts on Occupations During the First Vietnamese National Lockdown date: 2020-09-03 words: 3641.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256223-g7gw02pf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Although "social isolation" protects the life and health of Vietnamese citizens from the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it also triggers massive reductions in the economic activities of the country. OBJECTIVE: our study aimed to identify negative impacts of COVID-19 on occupations of Vietnamese people during the first national lockdown, including the quality and quantity of jobs as well as adverse problems at work due to COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to address the question of how the COVID-19 has impacted the occupations of Vietnamese people during social isolation, including the quality and quantity of jobs, identifying the vulnerable groups as well as adverse problems at work due to COVID-19. In addition, compared to health workers, professional educators were less likely to suffer from "Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure." Consistent with previous studies, quarantined health workers tend to report significantly more stigmatization and rejection from people in their local neighborhoods or were unable to resume their job [35] , and normal life as families member considered their jobs was too risky [33] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Although “social isolation” protects the life and health of Vietnamese citizens from the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it also triggers massive reductions in the economic activities of the country. OBJECTIVE: our study aimed to identify negative impacts of COVID-19 on occupations of Vietnamese people during the first national lockdown, including the quality and quantity of jobs as well as adverse problems at work due to COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using web-based platforms was conducted during the first time of social isolation in Vietnam at the beginning of April 2020. We utilized a respondent-driven sampling technique to select 1423 respondents from 63 cities and provinces over Vietnam. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to define sub-domains of perceived impacts of COVID-19 on occupations. FINDINGS: Approximately two-thirds of respondents reported decreases in their income (61.6%), and 28.2% reported that their income deficit was 40% and above. The percentage of female individuals having decreased revenue due to COVID-19 was higher than that of male respondents (65.2% and 54.7%, respectively). “Worry that colleagues exposed to COVID-19 patients” and “Being alienated because employment-related to COVID-19” accounted for the highest score in each factor. Compared to healthcare workers, being self-employed/unemployed/retired were less likely to suffer from “Increased workload and conflicts due to COVID-19” and “Disclosure and discrimination related to COVID-19 work exposure.” CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a drastic reduction in both the quality and quantity of working, as well as the increased fear and stigmatization of exposure to COVID-19 at workplaces. Health protection and economic support are immediate targets that should be focused on when implementing policies and regulations. url: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2976 doi: 10.5334/aogh.2976 id: cord-347024-8fhb0j68 author: Dang, Q. title: COVID-19 In Shang Hai: It is Worth Learning from the Successful Experience in Preventing and Controlling the Overseas Epidemic Situation date: 2020-05-16 words: 4066.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347024-8fhb0j68.txt summary: The model first uses the sparse graph model to analyze the international epidemic spread network to find countries and regions related to Shanghai. We established a variety of regression models to fit the existing growth curve, and predicted the growth of Shanghai cases from April 4th to 19th without blocking international traffic. Therefore, through the sparse network model based on & , we constructed the data matrix of the actual case statistics of 188 countries and regions in the world from January 19th to April 4th, and plotted the COVID-19 international network. After identifying 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai, we can further establish a regression model to fit the epidemic growth data of Shanghai from January 19 to April 4. After establishing a regression model, we use data from 30 countries and regions related to Shanghai from April 4 to April 19 for 15 days to predict Shanghai''s epidemic growth curve without the international traffic blockade, and compare it with real data. abstract: COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province,China in late December 2019 and spread rapidly in China. Currently, the spread of local epidemics has been basically blocked. The import of overseas epidemics has become the main form of growth in China's new epidemic. As an important international transportation hub in China, Shanghai is one of the regions with the highest risk of imported cases abroad. Due to imported of overseas cases are affected by the international epidemic trend. The traditional infectious disease model is difficult to accurately predict the cumulative trend of cumulative cases in the Shanghai areas. It is also difficult to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the international traffic blockade. In this situation, this study takes Shanghai as an example to propose a new type of infectious disease prediction model. The model first uses the sparse graph model to analyze the international epidemic spread network to find countries and regions related to Shanghai. Next, multiple regression models were used to fit the existing COV-19 growth data in Shanghai. Finally, the model can predict the growth curve of Shanghai's epidemic without blocking traffic. The results show that the control measures taken by Shanghai are very effective. At present, more and more countries and regions will face the current situation in Shanghai. We recommend that other countries and regions learn from Shanghai's successful experience in preventing overseas imports in order to fully prepare for epidemic prevention and control. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20100164 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100164 id: cord-268758-2o2dwulc author: Daniel, Krupa title: Repeat cesarean section in a COVID-19 positive mother in the United States date: 2020-10-22 words: 1405.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268758-2o2dwulc.txt summary: In our report, we present a case of repeat cesarean section in a 29-year-old Ecuadorian mother who contracted COVID-19 and traveled to the United States during her last trimester of pregnancy. 1 Also, a recent case report from Switzerland describes a second trimester miscarriage in a COVID-19 positive patient. 3 Case reports of pregnant women diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy show negative rRT-PCR testing for 2019-nCoV in the amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swabs. 4, 5 Some case reports published show adverse neonatal outcomes such as fetal distress, pre-mature labor, and abnormal liver function, but again all neonatal testing for COVID-19 remained negative. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a c/s delivery with maternal COVID-19 infection in the United States. The patient and delivered baby had a favorable outcome, as do most mothers and neonates with COVID-19 infection, as noted in available literature. abstract: In our report, we present a case of repeat cesarean section in a 29-year-old Ecuadorian mother who contracted COVID-19 and traveled to the United States during her last trimester of pregnancy. We assembled a multidisciplinary team to safely deliver the mother by cesarean section. She received supportive care for her COVID-19 infection. Infection prevention procedures were based on early available data, and the baby was delivered without complications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149913/ doi: 10.1177/2050313x20945536 id: cord-302692-hlt879ef author: Daniel, Michael G. title: Symptom Shame in the COVID-19 Era: Battling Our Instincts date: 2020-06-15 words: 1082.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302692-hlt879ef.txt summary: Consequently, it is not unusual to encounter healthcare providers in offices and hospitals with upper respiratory symptoms. However, a sick healthcare provider with COVID-19 puts an entire work group at risk (Table 1) . Optimally, healthcare providers with upper respiratory symptoms will recognize that they might have contracted COVID-19 and self-isolate. However, several barriers discourage healthcare providers from accepting and reporting COVID-19 symptoms. A prevailing concern during the COVID-19 crisis is that symptom shame will not be vigorously discouraged to reduce the burden of replacing healthcare providers within a system that chronically lacks reserves. Their current guidelines recommend that physicians remain at work after contact with a patient with COVID-19 but self-isolate if they develop symptoms or have a prolonged exposure to a positive household member. The current pandemic is not the time for a healthcare provider to be sent home because they are too sick. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32558683/ doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000724 id: cord-321586-lgbod553 author: Danielli, Shaun title: Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison date: 2020-07-13 words: 1119.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321586-lgbod553.txt summary: title: Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison METHODS: The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention''s countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. RESULTS: The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product. 1 Economic interventions are also crucial in this response as the World Health Organization defines one of the biggest determinants of health is income 2 with lives significantly shortened by socioeconomic inequality. The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic interventions countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic and countries'' responses are an evolving situation, and the information presented here was correct as of 24 May 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge governments and policymakers worldwide. They have rightfully prioritised reducing the spread of the virus through social distancing interventions. However, shuttered business and widespread restrictions on travel and mobility have led to an economic collapse with increasing uncertainty of how quickly recovery will be achieved. METHODS: The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention’s countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19. RESULTS: The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous countries are beginning to ease lockdown restrictions and restart economies in different ways. There is therefore evolving, real-world data that should be used dynamically by governments and policymakers. The strategies on restarting the economy must be balanced against the uncertainty of a possible second wave of COVID-19. A nuanced approach to easing restrictions needs to take into account not only immediate risk to life but longer-term risks of widening inequalities and falling life expectancy. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa104 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa104 id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 words: 2688.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt summary: The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. abstract: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges public health systems around the world. Tropical countries will face complex epidemiological scenarios involving the simultaneous transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. Financing of training, equipment and reconversion of hospital spaces will have a negative effect on already the limited resource directed to the health sector. The strengthening of the diagnostic infrastructure reappears as an opportunity for the national reference laboratories. Sharing of epidemiological information for the modeling of epidemiological scenarios allows collaboration between health, academic and scientific institutions. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Promoting intense community participation along with the incorporation of long lasting innovations in vector control offers new opportunities for control. The COVID-19 pandemic offers challenges and opportunities that must provoke positive behavioral changes and encourage more permanent self-care actions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785481/ doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200284 id: cord-339835-ze9ay2rm author: Daphna-Tekoah, Shir title: Listening to Hospital Personnel’s Narratives during the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-03 words: 7906.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339835-ze9ay2rm.txt summary: As a means to address the changing needs of our hospital''s HCWs, we conducted a narrative analysis study in the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak. By paying close attention the narratives of the hospital staff, we were able to address an additional aim, namely, to initiate the establishment of a data-based foundation for both immediate and future interventions, thereby expanding knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms and strategies that front-line personnel use to cope with exposure to traumatic situations. Sharon, a nurse, summed up this opinion very succinctly as: "Corona-it is not extra work, it is completely different work." Against the background of this commonly held perspective, the third stage of the Listening Guide analytic technique nonetheless enabled us, the interviewers, to identify multiple voices that revealed different aspects of HCWs'' experiences and needs, including their attitudes towards the coronavirus pandemic, the staff and the hospital, and their own needs. abstract: Healthcare workers (HCWs) facing the COVID-19 pandemic are required to deal with unexpectedly traumatic situations, concern about contamination, and mounting patient deaths. As a means to address the changing needs of our hospital’s HCWs, we conducted a narrative analysis study in the early stages of the covid-19 outbreak. A focus group of medical experts, conducted as the initial step, recommended that a bottom-up research tool be used for exploring HCWs’ traumatic experiences and needs. We therefore conducted 450 semi-structured in-depth interviews with hospital personnel. The interviews were based on Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs model, and the narratives were analyzed by applying the Listening Guide methodology. The interviewees expressed a need for physical and psychological security in the battle against Covid-19, in addition to the need for attachment and meaning. Importantly, we also found that the interview itself may serve as a therapeutic tool. In light of our findings, we recommended changes in hospital practices, which were subsequently implemented. Further research on HCWs’ traumatic experiences and needs will provide evidence-based knowledge and may enable novel approaches in the battle against Covid-19. To conclude, the knowledge generated by listening to HCWs’ narratives may provide suitable support programs for professionals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899163/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176413 id: cord-307285-bxy0zsc7 author: Dar Odeh, Najla title: COVID-19: Present and Future Challenges for Dental Practice date: 2020-04-30 words: 4708.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307285-bxy0zsc7.txt summary: Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. In vitro studies have shown that azithromycin is active against Zika and Ebola viruses, [18] [19] [20] and is able to prevent severe respiratory tract infections when administrated to patients suffering viral infection [12] However, the efficacy of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients has not been confirmed yet [21, 22] , and more studies are needed to further investigate its clinical effects. Following the recommended cross-infection control procedures, spreading awareness based on evidence and not misconceptions, identifying emergency cases indicated for dental treatment, and practicing effective tele-dentistry when needed can all be helpful for dental patients and community as a whole. abstract: COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, with a high fatality rate that may reach 8%. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which is one of the coronaviruses. Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. This was mainly for protection of dental healthcare personnel, their families, contacts, and their patients from the transmission of virus, and also to preserve the much-needed supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). Dentists at all times should competently follow cross-infection control protocols, but particularly during this critical time, they should do their best to decide on the emergency cases that are indicated for dental treatment. Dentists should also be updated on how this pandemic is related to their profession in order to be well oriented and prepared. This overview will address several issues concerned with the COVID-19 pandemic that directly relate to dental practice in terms of prevention, treatment, and orofacial clinical manifestations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366034/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093151 id: cord-336194-5v395xae author: Darafsheh, Arash title: Mitigating disruptions, and scalability of radiation oncology physics work during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 words: 3043.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336194-5v395xae.txt summary: The recent outbreak of the novel COVID-19 respiratory disease around the world, first detected in Wuhan, China, in 2019, is caused by a new coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. 21 According to medical physics practice guidelines, the physicists are involved to a varying degree in administration, clinical services, education, informatics, equipment performance evaluation, quality assurance, and safety. A modest portion of radiation oncology in the United States is practiced in small-sized clinics with 1-2 full time equivalent (FTE) individuals responsible for the medical physics activities. The large clinic includes more than ten physicists, more than 6 linacs, special treatment programs, MR simulator, MRIgRT and proton therapy, and both medical physics graduate and residency education programs. The main objective of medical physics practice, for previously stated categories, continues to be safe, efficient, and uninterrupted delivery of RT while maintaining safety of all staff, patients, and caregivers during the disease outbreak. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to disorder in work and livelihood of a majority of the modern world. In this work, we review its major impacts on procedures and workflow of clinical physics tasks, and suggest alternate pathways to avoid major disruption or discontinuity of physics tasks in the context of small, medium, and large radiation oncology clinics. We also evaluate scalability of medical physics under the stress of “social distancing”. METHODS: Three models of facilities characterized by the number of clinical physicists, daily patient throughput, and equipment were identified for this purpose. For identical objectives of continuity of clinical operations, with constraints such as social distancing and unavailability of staff due to system strain, however with the possibility of remote operations, the performance of these models was investigated. General clinical tasks requiring on‐site personnel presence or otherwise were evaluated to determine the scalability of the three models at this point in the course of disease spread within their surroundings. RESULTS: The clinical physics tasks within three models could be divided into two categories. The former, which requires individual presence, include safety‐sensitive radiation delivery, high dose per fraction treatments, brachytherapy procedures, fulfilling state and nuclear regulatory commission's requirements, etc. The latter, which can be handled through remote means, include dose planning, physics plan review and supervision of quality assurance, general troubleshooting, etc. CONCLUSION: At the current level of disease in the United States, all three models have sustained major system stress in continuing reduced operation. However, the small clinic model may not perform if either the current level of infections is maintained for long or staff becomes unavailable due to health issues. With abundance, and diversity of innovative resources, medium and large clinic models can sustain further for physics‐related radiotherapy services. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12896 doi: 10.1002/acm2.12896 id: cord-249477-ux15lv31 author: Darius, Philipp title: How the Far-Right Polarises Twitter: ''Highjacking'' Hashtags in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 words: 2746.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249477-ux15lv31.txt summary: For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative f"ur Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of ''hashjacking'' in May 2020. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by ''hashjacking'' COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE or #FlattenTheCurve. It is important to know the dynamics of social media discourse, when engaging in it: A small group of political partisans, in our case of the far-right AfD, systematically polarises discussions on public hashtags to influence public opinion formation and leverage their own content. As alternative communication channels (social platforms and messengers) are particularly attractive for right-wing populist and radical-right politicians, we assume that COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE and #Flatten-TheCurve, have been systematically targeted by German far-right partisans of #AFD. abstract: Twitter influences political debates. Phenomena like fake news and hate speech show that political discourse on micro-blogging can become strongly polarised by algorithmic enforcement of selective perception. Some political actors actively employ strategies to facilitate polarisation on Twitter, as past contributions show, via strategies of 'hashjacking'. For the example of COVID-19 related hashtags and their retweet networks, we examine the case of partisan accounts of the German far-right party Alternative f"ur Deutschland (AfD) and their potential use of 'hashjacking' in May 2020. Our findings indicate that polarisation of political party hashtags has not changed significantly in the last two years. We see that right-wing partisans are actively and effectively polarising the discourse by 'hashjacking' COVID-19 related hashtags, like #CoronaVirusDE or #FlattenTheCurve. This polarisation strategy is dominated by the activity of a limited set of heavy users. The results underline the necessity to understand the dynamics of discourse polarisation, as an active political communication strategy of the far-right, by only a handful of very active accounts. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05686v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-314171-431buxxr author: Dariya, Begum title: Understanding novel COVID-19: its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients date: 2020-05-06 words: 6892.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314171-431buxxr.txt summary: In this review article, we have presented the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in comorbid patients and discussed organ failure caused by this virus. The mRNA and protein ACE2 expression levels are higher in these patients with cardiac disease, creating an increased risk for severe COVID-19 complications, including heart failure. After SARS-CoV-2 binds with ACE2, the virus degrades it, and thus the free angiotensin II induces acute lung injury [58] . Thus, targeting the binding site of the ACE2 receptor and SARS-CoV-2 with antibodies or therapeutic drugs might provide a successful treatment strategy. Moreover, this also increases the level of soluble ACE2 that competitively binds with SARS-CoV-2, causing delayed entry of the virus into cells and protecting against lung injury. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 abstract: The current pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 originated from Wuhan, China. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significant mortality and morbidity rate. The severe risk factors are commonly detected in patients of older age and with medical comorbidities like cancer and diabetes. Scientists and doctors have scrambled to gain knowledge about the novel virus and its pathophysiology in order to discover possible therapeutic regimens and vaccines for COVID-19. The therapeutic strategies like targeting the viral genome emphasize the promising approach to target COVID-19. Additionally, blocking the receptor, ACE2 via the neutralizing antibodies for viral escape that prevents it from entering into the cells provides another therapeutic regimen. In this review article, we have presented the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in comorbid patients and discussed organ failure caused by this virus. Based on the data available from the scientific literature and ongoing clinical trials, we have focused on therapeutic strategies. We hope that we would fill the gaps that puzzled the researchers and clinicians with the best of our knowledge collected for the betterment of the patients for the coming future. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.001 id: cord-340283-5w444i1g author: Das, Anupam title: Erythematous‐oedematous type of chilblain‐like lesions and COVID‐19 : an Indian perspective date: 2020-06-27 words: 460.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340283-5w444i1g.txt summary: Therefore, the temporal association, complaints of the peculiar neurological sensation followed by development of erythema and swelling in our patients, supports the probable association of the cutaneous manifestations, with COVID-19. 6 In one of the largest series published from Spain, cutaneous manifestations were pseudochilblains (19%), vesicular eruptions (9%), urticaria (19%), maculopapular rashes (47%) and livedo (6%). 7 In another series published from Italy, authors noticed an outbreak of chilblain-like lesions in Italy contemporary to COVID-19 epidemic, who reported two varieties of lesions, namely erythematous-oedematous type and blistering type. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: transient livedo reticularis Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13912 doi: 10.1111/dth.13912 id: cord-297477-o7kydesb author: Das, Ashis Kumar title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Predictors of Recovery in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-30 words: 1707.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297477-o7kydesb.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation, and province. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of recovery among confirmed COVID-19 cases. According to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), there have been 10,804 confirmed cases and 254 deaths due to COVID-19 as of May 05, 2020 [4] . We present the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea using data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and identify the predictors of recovery from the disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a threat to global health. Though current evidence on the epidemiology of the disease is emerging, very little is known about the predictors of recovery. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the Republic of Korea and identify predictors of recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using publicly available data for confirmed COVID-19 cases from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, we undertook descriptive analyses of cases stratified by sex, age group, place of exposure, date of confirmation, and province. Correlation was tested among all predictors (sex, age group, place of exposure, and province) with Pearson's correlation coefficient. Associations between recovery from COVID-19 and predictors were estimated using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Majority of the confirmed cases were females (56%), 20-29 age group (24.3%), and primarily from three provinces—Gyeongsangbuk-do (36.9%), Gyeonggi-do (20.5%), and Seoul (17.1%). The case fatality ratio was 2.1%, and 41.6% cases recovered. Older patients, patients from provinces such as Daegu, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeju-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeollanam-do, and those contracting the disease from healthcare settings had lower recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds to the very limited evidence base on potential predictors of recovery among confirmed COVID-19 cases. We call additional research to explore the predictors of recovery and support development of policies to protect the vulnerable patient groups. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32774918/ doi: 10.1155/2020/7291698 id: cord-346024-7e6px71s author: Das, Dipayan title: Truncated inception net: COVID-19 outbreak screening using chest X-rays date: 2020-06-25 words: 4824.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346024-7e6px71s.txt summary: In this paper, motivated by the fact that X-ray imaging systems are more prevalent and cheaper than CT scan systems, a deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which we call Truncated Inception Net, is proposed to screen COVID-19 positive CXRs from other non-COVID and/or healthy cases. In this work, considering the fact that X-ray imaging systems are more prevalent and cheaper than CT scan systems, we use deep learning to screen COVID-19 using CXRs. We propose a CNN-based model, which we call Truncated Inception Net, solely based on the Inception Net V3 architecture [27] (Fig. 2 ). On the whole, through this work, we demonstrate that the Truncated Inception Net deep learning model is a viable option for COVID-19 screening and it outperforms the state-of-the-art results for COVID-19 positive cases, on the obtained and manually combined datasets. In this work, we have proposed the Truncated Inception Net deep learning model to detect COVID-19 positive patients using chest X-rays. abstract: Since December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused world-wide turmoil in a short period of time, and the infection, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is spreading rapidly. AI-driven tools are used to identify Coronavirus outbreaks as well as forecast their nature of spread, where imaging techniques are widely used, such as CT scans and chest X-rays (CXRs). In this paper, motivated by the fact that X-ray imaging systems are more prevalent and cheaper than CT scan systems, a deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which we call Truncated Inception Net, is proposed to screen COVID-19 positive CXRs from other non-COVID and/or healthy cases. To validate our proposal, six different types of datasets were employed by taking the following CXRs: COVID-19 positive, Pneumonia positive, Tuberculosis positive, and healthy cases into account. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.96% (AUC of 1.0) in classifying COVID-19 positive cases from combined Pneumonia and healthy cases. Similarly, it achieved an accuracy of 99.92% (AUC of 0.99) in classifying COVID-19 positive cases from combined Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and healthy CXRs. To the best of our knowledge, as of now, the achieved results outperform the existing AI-driven tools for screening COVID-19 using the acquired CXRs, and proves the viability of using the proposed Truncated Inception Net as a screening tool. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588200/ doi: 10.1007/s13246-020-00888-x id: cord-303216-1pbuywz6 author: Das, Gaurav title: Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 words: 2872.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303216-1pbuywz6.txt summary: If scientific reports relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are noted, it can be seen that the virus owes much of its killer properties to its unique structure that has a stronger binding affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, which the viruses utilize as an entry point to gain accesses to its hosts. The intriguing part though is that recently reported studies have noted altered mental health in some COVID-19 patients showing symptoms like anosmia and ageusia thereby indicating a neuroinvasive nature of the virus. The neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 have been recently recognized from CT scan images and MRI scan of the brain of a patient who contracted COVID-19 and showed symptoms of necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy. The brain reportedly, like most other organs, expresses the hACE2 considered to be the entry point of the SARS-CoV-2 viruses in humans and is therefore not immune to viral infection. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was identified after a recent outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has kept the whole world in tenterhooks due to its severe life-threatening nature of the infection. The virus is unlike its previous counterparts, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, or anything the world has encountered before both in terms of virulence and severity of the infection. If scientific reports relevant to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are noted, it can be seen that the virus owes much of its killer properties to its unique structure that has a stronger binding affinity with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein, which the viruses utilize as an entry point to gain accesses to its hosts. Recent reports suggest that it is not just the lung that the virus may be targeting; the human brain may soon emerge as the new abode of the virus. Already instances of patients with COVID-19 have been reported with mild (anosmia and ageusia) to severe (encephalopathy) neurological manifestations, and if that is so, then it gives us more reasons to be frightened of this killer virus. Keeping in mind that the situation does not worsen from here, immediate awareness and more thorough research regarding the neuroinvasive nature of the virus is the immediate need of the hour. Scientists globally also need to up their game to design more specific therapeutic strategies with the available information to counteract the pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we provide a brief outline of the currently known neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss some probable ways to design therapeutic strategies to overcome the present global crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00201 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00201 id: cord-295145-ry4e2izd author: Das, Pratik title: In-Silico approach for identification of effective and stable inhibitors for COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) from flavonoid based phytochemical constituents of Calendula officinalis date: 2020-07-24 words: 6425.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295145-ry4e2izd.txt summary: In-Silico Docking showed that major phytochemicals of Calendula officinals i.e. rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside, narcissin, calendulaglycoside B, calenduloside, calendoflavoside have better binding energy than the native ligand (inhibitor N3). Our in silico (Virtual molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation) studies pointed out that flavonoid based phytochemicals of calendula (rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside) may be highly effective for inhibiting M(pro) which is the main protease for SARS-CoV-2 causing the deadly disease COVID-19. Docking study has shown that Calendoflaside also interacted with 16 amino acid residue among which 15 (Arg188, Asp187, Met165, His163, Ser144, Glu166, Phe140, Leu141, Cys145, Gly143, Asn142, Leu27, Met49, Gln189, His41) coincides with that of the native ligand which gives us a clear idea that Calendoflaside also binds to major amino acid residue responsible for inhibition of COVID-19 main protease (M pro ). Apo-form of COVID-19 main protease (apo-M pro ), top three (Rutin, Isorhamnetin-3-O-b-D, Calendoflaside) docked ligands with higher binding affinity and the crystal structure of COVID-19 M pro with inhibitor N3 have been selected to find out their system stability, flexibility, and other dynamic properties through 100 ns MD simulation. abstract: The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 is putting the world towards a great threat. A recent study revealed COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) is responsible for the proteolytic mutation of this virus and is essential for its life cycle. Thus inhibition of this protease will eventually lead to the destruction of this virus. In-Silico Molecular docking was performed with the Native ligand and the 15 flavonoid based phytochemicals of Calendula officinals to check their binding affinity towards the COVID-19 main protease. Finally, the top 3 compounds with the highest affinity have been chosen for molecular dynamics simulation to analyses their dynamic properties and conformational flexibility or stability. In-Silico Docking showed that major phytochemicals of Calendula officinals i.e. rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside, narcissin, calendulaglycoside B, calenduloside, calendoflavoside have better binding energy than the native ligand (inhibitor N3). MD simulation of 100 ns revealed that all the protease-ligand docked complexes are overall stable as compare to M(pro)-native ligand (inhibitor N3) complex. Overall, rutin and caledoflaside showed better stability, compactness, and flexibility. Our in silico (Virtual molecular docking and Molecular dynamics simulation) studies pointed out that flavonoid based phytochemicals of calendula (rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D, calendoflaside) may be highly effective for inhibiting M(pro) which is the main protease for SARS-CoV-2 causing the deadly disease COVID-19. Rutin is already used as a drug and the other two compounds can be made available for future use. Thus the study points a way to combat COVID-19 by the use of major flavonoid based phytochemicals of Calendula officinals. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705952/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796799 id: cord-301026-spgidqh3 author: Das, Shaoli title: In silico Drug Repurposing to combat COVID-19 based on Pharmacogenomics of Patient Transcriptomic Data date: 2020-06-30 words: 4169.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301026-spgidqh3.txt summary: Next, using the available drug perturbational data sets from the Broad Institute Connectivity map (CMAP project 14 , we assessed how the candidate drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2-interacting proteins affect the pathways that are altered after COVID-19 or SARS infection in a time-dependent manner. To get a pathway-based estimation instead of individual genes, we calculated ssGSEA scores for the differentially enriched pathways in COVID-19 or SARS infection for all drug-treated cell lines at different dose/time points. Thereafter, combining the potential human interactome of SARS-CoV-2 from a recently published study 9 and SARS-CoV-1-interacting proteins curated in another publication 8 with drug target databases 10, 11 , drug perturbational data sets 14 , and drug sensitivity screening data sets 15 , we propose a map of the drugs that can be effective in COVID-19 treatment. Next, using the available drug perturbational data sets from the Broad Institute CMAP project, we assessed how the candidate drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2-interacting proteins affect the pathways that are altered after COVID-19 or SARS infection in a time-dependent manner. abstract: The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect a growing number of populations in different parts of the world. In the current situation, drug repurposing is a viable strategy to combat COVID-19. The drugs targeting the host receptors that interact with SARS-CoV-2 are possible candidates. However, assessment of their effectiveness in COVID-19 patients is necessary before prioritizing them for further study. We attempted to shortlist the candidate drugs using an in-silico approach. First, we analysed two published transcriptomic data sets of COVID-19- and SARS-infected patients compared to healthy individuals to find the key pathways altered after infection. Then, using publicly available drug perturbational data sets in human cell lines from the Broad Institute Connectivity Map (CMAP), we assessed the effects of the approved drugs on the altered pathways. We also used the available pharmacogenomic data sets from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) portal to assess the effects of the altered pathways on resistance or sensitivity to the drugs in human cell lines. Our analysis identified many candidate drugs, some of which are already being investigated for treatment of COVID-19 and can serve as a basis for prioritizing additional viable candidate drugs for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702730/ doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-39128/v1 id: cord-280227-4v4mbej4 author: Dasgupta, Prokar title: Covid‐19 and urology date: 2020-05-29 words: 492.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280227-4v4mbej4.txt summary: It is thought that kidney cells are particularly prone to invasion by the virus, as evidenced by the numbers of kidney dysfunction cases in COVID-19 patients, and this may be attributable to the presence of angiotensin-converting 2 enzyme receptors on a small percentage of these cells to which the SARS-CoV-2 virus has an affinity. The article further discusses the difficulty for medical students and trainees, transplant clinics and oncology, focusing on China, Italy and the UK. The use of webinars for presentation of cases and social media, such as Twitter''s Journal Club (https://twitter.com/iurojc), can allow such remote discussions to take place. COVID-19 pandemic -is virtual urology clinic the answer to keeping the cancer pathway moving? Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature Bolstering the surgical response to COVID-19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472664/ doi: 10.1111/bju.15104 id: cord-266113-3fp46sov author: Dashti‐Khavidaki, Simin title: Considerations for Statin Therapy in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 1352.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266113-3fp46sov.txt summary: Current coronavirus pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak during the current century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses.1 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an immunopathologic event and main cause of death following COVID-19. The main mechanism of ARDS is uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and cytokine storm following release of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interferons (IFN), interleukines (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and chemokines.2-3 So, some Chinese researchers proposed or used anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment regimen of patients with COVID-19.3-4. The current coronavirus pandemic is an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2, 23 Thus, initiating statins in patients with COVID-19 may increase the risk and severity of myopathies and acute kidney injury. abstract: Current coronavirus pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus outbreak during the current century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses.1 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an immunopathologic event and main cause of death following COVID-19. The main mechanism of ARDS is uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response and cytokine storm following release of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interferons (IFN), interleukines (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and chemokines.2-3 So, some Chinese researchers proposed or used anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment regimen of patients with COVID-19.3-4. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32267560/ doi: 10.1002/phar.2397 id: cord-295475-o3ns4cfn author: Dastan, Farzaneh title: Tocilizumab administration in a refractory case of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-02 words: 880.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295475-o3ns4cfn.txt summary: In the current case, we faced a refractory COVID-19 case who did not respond to conventional therapeutic agents and tocilizumab administered as a salvage therapy. In contrast to hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab may be a useful agent in severe cases who have not responded to conventional therapy (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and antivirals) and those patients with elevated levels of IL-6 [3] . However, while tocilizumab is a promising agent against COVID-19, it is not an appropriate agent in patients with active or latent tuberculosis, bacterial and fungal infections, multi-organ failure, and gastrointestinal perforation [7] . In conclusion, tocilizumab may be considered a salvage therapeutic agent in COVID-19 patients who did not respond to other agents. COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Liver Transplant Recipient on Hemodialysis and Response to Tocilizumab Therapy: A Case Report Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab abstract: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia as a pandemic disease leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, multi organ failure, and shock. In the absence of specific treatment for COVID-19, there is an urgent need to find the alternative treatments to manage this pandemic. Pathophysiological studies have demonstrated the role of inflammatory mediators in COVID-19 pneumonia. It appears that imbalances between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the probable underlying mechanism. Since, there is no specific treatment for the inflammatory phase of COVID-19 pneumonia, consideration of treatments, such as tocilizumab, as salvage therapy is necessary. Here, we reported a challenging case of COVID-19 who was successfully treated with tocilizumab. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106043 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106043 id: cord-276549-r5l4pse8 author: Dastoli, Stefano title: Are erythema multiforme and urticaria related to a better outcome of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-09 words: 452.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276549-r5l4pse8.txt summary: Eosinopenia has been associated in up to 81% of cases 3 and was proposed as possible diagnostic marker for the disease. 5 We can speculate that the non-drug related EM and U might be associated to systemic eosinophilia secondary to a strong response to COVID-19, and therefore possibly to a better outcome of the disease. 9 U not related to drug reaction was reported in up to 4% of COVID-19 patients, 10 In conclusion, we might suppose that EM and U, when associated to eosinophilia, could be related to a better outcome of COVID-19. Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan: a retrospective observational study COVID-19, chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases and eosinophils-observations from reported clinical case series Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination Clinical and histopathological study of skin dermatoses in patients affected by COVID-19 infection in the Northern part of Italy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13681 doi: 10.1111/dth.13681 id: cord-295138-xud3y0ko author: Datta, Niloy R. title: Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia date: 2020-09-24 words: 2787.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295138-xud3y0ko.txt summary: title: Strategies to maximize available resources with minimum cost escalation for improving radiotherapy accessibility in the post COVID-19 era : An analysis for Asia Thus, maximal utilization of the available RT infrastructure with minimum additional costs could be possible by adopting HFRT with or without increased working hours to improve the RT coverage. 19 Strategies for maximal utilization of radiotherapy infrastructure with minimal cost escalation It is assumed that RT centers presently functioning have adequate RT personnel to run their existing facilities for an eight-hour normal working hours of a department. The strategies presented here could be applicable to any center and could enhance cancer care capability not only in Asia but also in any other region thereby providing a cost-effective solution with additional returns on investment. Breast radiotherapy under COVID-19 pandemic resource constraints --approaches to defer or shorten treatment from a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States Teleradiotherapy network: applications and feasibility for providing cost-effective comprehensive radiotherapy care in low-and middle-income group countries for cancer patients abstract: PURPOSE: There is widespread accord among economists that the COVID-19 pandemic will have a severe negative impact on the global economy. Establishing new radiotherapy (RT) infrastructure may be significantly compromised in the post COVID-19 era. Alternative strategies are needed to improve the existing RT accessibility without significant cost escalation. The outcomes of these approaches on the RT availability has been examined for Asia. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The details of RT infrastructures in 2020 for 51 countries in Asia were obtained from the Directory of Radiotherapy Centers of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Using the IAEA guidelines, the %RT accessibility and the additional requirements of teletherapy (TRT) units were computed for these countries. To maximize the utilization of the existing RT facilities, five options were evaluated, namely, hypofractionation RT (HFRT) alone, with/without 25% or 50% additional working hours. The impact of these strategies on the %RT access and additional TRT unit requirements to achieve 100% RT access were estimated. RESULTS: 4617 TRT units are available in 46 countries. The mean %RT accessibility is 62.4% in 43 countries (TRT units =4491) where the information on cancer incidence was also available and these would need an additional 6474 TRT units for achieving 100% RT accessibility. By adopting HFRT alone, increasing the working hours by 25% alone, 25% with HFRT, 50% alone and 50% with HFRT; the %RT access could improve to 74.9%, 78%, 90.5%, 93.7% and 106.1% respectively. Correspondingly, the need for additional TRT units would progressively decrease to 4646, 4284, 3073, 2820 and 1958 units. CONCLUSION: The economic slowdown in the post Covid-19 period could severely impend establishment of new RT facilities. Thus, maximal utilization of the available RT infrastructure with minimum additional costs could be possible by adopting HFRT with or without increased working hours to improve the RT coverage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32995668/ doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.09.005 id: cord-282598-ghh16h43 author: Dattilo, Wesley title: COVID-19 most vulnerable Mexican cities lack the public health infrastructure to face the pandemic: a new temporally-explicit model date: 2020-04-14 words: 4696.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282598-ghh16h43.txt summary: 10.20061192 doi: medRxiv preprint Recently, a wide array of epidemiological models have been developed to guide public health 23 actors in containing the rapid dissemination of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome 24 coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause of COVID-19. Based on our model, we show 32 that the most important cities within the Mexican air transportation network are the most 33 vulnerable to COVID-19, with all assessed public health infrastructure being insufficient to face 34 the modeled scenario for the pandemic after 100 days. Based on our model, we show 32 that the most important cities within the Mexican air transportation network are the most 33 vulnerable to COVID-19, with all assessed public health infrastructure being insufficient to face 34 the modeled scenario for the pandemic after 100 days. We found that most vulnerable cities lack of the required public health infrastructure (i.e., number of inpatient and intensive care unit beds) to face this new pandemic, overloading in all cases after 100 days. abstract: Recently, a wide array of epidemiological models has been developed to guide public health actors in containing the rapid dissemination of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause of COVID-19. Despite their usefulness, many epidemiological models recently developed to understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and infection rates of COVID-19 fall short as they ignore human mobility, limiting our understanding of the spread of the disease, together with the vulnerability of population centers in a broad scale. We developed a new temporally-explicit model and simulated several social distancing scenarios to predict the vulnerability to COVID-19 of 50 Mexican cities that are interconnected by their air transportation network. Additionally, we assessed the sufficiency of the public health infrastructure in the focal cities to face the pandemic over time. Based on our model, we show that the most important cities within the Mexican air transportation network are the most vulnerable to COVID-19, with all assessed public health infrastructure being insufficient to face the modeled scenario for the pandemic after 100 days. Despite these alarming findings, our results show that social distancing could dramatically decrease the total number of infected people (77% drop-off for the 45% distancing scenario when contrasted with no distancing), flattening the growth of infection rate. Thus, we consider that this study provides useful information that may help decision-makers to timely implement health policies to anticipate and lessen the impact of the current pandemic in Mexico. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20061192 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061192 id: cord-272015-1anph6qi author: Dauby, Nicolas title: The unfinished story of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: the right anti-inflammatory dose at the right moment? date: 2020-10-17 words: 959.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272015-1anph6qi.txt summary: The observation by Lammers et al (Lammers et al.) that early HCQ treatment after admission at low dosage (2400 mg in total) is associated with lower risk of admission in intensive care unit coincides with large observational studies showing a lower mortality rate in patients exposed to HCQ therapy compared to no or other treatment. Another recent large cohort study of patients on low-dose HCQ for inflammatory disorders reported an association between chronic HCQ use and reduced mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Gentry et al. The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients Low-dose hydroxychloroquine therapy and mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a nationwide observational study of 8075 participants Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study Longterm hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220322360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.032 id: cord-312519-31mrmgmk author: Dauerman, Harold L. title: The Unbearable Thrombus of COVID-19: Primary PCI, Thrombus, and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 words: 441.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312519-31mrmgmk.txt summary: Via detailed angiographic comparison to a COVID-19-negative control group, they observed a dramatic increase in thrombus burden that may compliment prior insights into the pathophysiology of the COVID-19 pandemic. High thrombus burden in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with COVID-19: clinical and angiographic outcomes Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care in Hong Kong Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST-segmentelevation myocardial infarction presentations and in-hospital outcomes Angiographic stent thrombosis after routine use of drug-eluting stents in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the importance of thrombus burden Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection abstract: [Figure: see text] url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510972036023X doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.027 id: cord-321267-ihd30qi0 author: Daughton, Christian G. title: Natural experiment concept to accelerate the Re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-15 words: 5350.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321267-ihd30qi0.txt summary: Proposed here is a new but simple concept that would capitalize on the opportunity presented by the on-going natural experiment involving the collection of data from epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing for clinical treatment. These drug usage data would be collected for several major test groups those who test positive for active SARS-CoV-2 infection (using molecular methods) and those who test negative for current infection but also test positive for past infection (using serologic antibody tests). (1) As Covid-19 epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing proceeds, a national database would be continually populated with drug usage data collected from each case among three different combinations of sub-groups based upon whether they tested positive or negative for active SARS-CoV-2 infection or tested positive for past SARS-CoV-2 infection (see Table 1 ). abstract: One of the many questions with respect to controlling the novel coronavirus pandemic is whether existing drugs can be re-purposed (re-positioned) for the prevention or treatment of Covid-19 - or for any future epidemic. The usefulness of existing approaches for re-purposing range from computational modeling to clinical trials. These are often time-consuming, resource intensive, and prone to failure. Proposed here is a new but simple concept that would capitalize on the opportunity presented by the on-going natural experiment involving the collection of data from epidemiological surveillance screening and diagnostic testing for clinical treatment. The objective would be to also collect for each Covid-19 case the patient's prior usage of existing therapeutic drugs. These drug usage data would be collected for several major test groups - those who test positive for active SARS-CoV-2 infection (using molecular methods) and those who test negative for current infection but also test positive for past infection (using serologic antibody tests). Patients from each of these groups would also be categorized with respect to where they resided on the spectrum of morbidities (from no or mild symptomology to severe). By comparing the distribution of normalized usage data for each drug within each group, drugs that are more associated with particular test groups could be revealed as having potential prophylactic, therapeutic, or contraindicated effects with respect to disease progression. These drugs could then be selected as candidates for further evaluation in fighting Covid-19. Also summarized are some of the numerous attributes, advantages, and limitations of the proposed concept, all pointing to the need for further discussion and evaluation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113320300109?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100026 id: cord-301264-lkfhtb1w author: Davahli, Mohammad Reza title: The Hospitality Industry in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Topics and Research Methods date: 2020-10-09 words: 7860.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301264-lkfhtb1w.txt summary: The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers'' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. The studies reported impacts of the pandemic on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including job loss, revenue losses, access to loans, market demand, emerging new markets, hostile behaviors towards foreigners, and issues of hospitality workers and hotel cleaners. abstract: This study reports on a systematic review of the published literature used to reveal the current research investigating the hospitality industry in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The presented review identified relevant papers using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Of the 175 articles found, 50 papers met the predefined inclusion criteria. The included papers were classified concerning the following dimensions: the source of publication, hospitality industry domain, and methodology. The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers’ issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. The results revealed a variety of research approaches that have been used to investigate the hospitality industry at the time of the pandemic. The reported approaches include simulation and scenario modeling for discovering the COVID-19 spreading patterns, field surveys, secondary data analysis, discussing the resumption of activities during and after the pandemic, comparing the COVID-19 pandemic with previous public health crises, and measuring the impact of the pandemic in terms of economics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33050203/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207366 id: cord-255101-l5ssz750 author: Daval, Mary title: Efficacy of local budesonide therapy in the management of persistent hyposmia in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-20 words: 8946.0 sentences: 919.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255101-l5ssz750.txt summary: Objectif principal: Evaluer l''efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d''odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l''hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. L''objectif de cet essai randomisé contrôlé, bicentrique, est d''évaluer l''efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d''odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l''hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. Evaluer l''efficacité du budésonide en traitement local intranasal (lavage de nez), en complément de la rééducation olfactive, dans la prise en charge de la perte d''odorat de patients COVID-19 sans signes de gravité et présentant une persistance de l''hyposmie 30 jours après le début des symptômes. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of local intranasal treatment with budesonide (nasal irrigation), in addition to olfactory rehabilitation, in the management of loss of smell in COVID-19 patients without signs of severity and with persistent hyposmia 30 days after the onset of symptoms. To search for an association between the presence of an obstruction on MRI and the severity of olfactory loss, at inclusion and after 30 days of treatment. TRIAL DESIGN: Two center, open-label, 2-arm (1:1 ratio) parallel group randomized controlled superiority trial. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria - Patient over 18 years of age; - Patient with a suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether or not confirmed by PCR, or close contact with a PCR-confirmed case, typical chest CT scan (unsystematic frosted glass patches with predominantly sub-pleural appearance, and at a later stage, alveolar condensation without excavation or nodules or masses) or positive serology ; - Patient with isolated sudden onset hyposmia persisting 30 days after the onset of symptoms of CoV-2 SARS infection; - Affiliate or beneficiary of a social security scheme; - Written consent to participate in the study. Non-inclusion criteria - Known hypersensitivity to budesonide or any of the excipients; - Hemostasis disorder or epistaxis; - Oral-nasal and ophthalmic herpes virus infection; - Long-term corticosteroid treatment; - Treatment with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, nefazodone and HIV protease inhibitors); - Severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 with respiratory or other signs; - Hyposmia persisting for more than 90 days after the onset of symptoms - Other causes of hyposmia found on interrogation or MRI; - Patient benefiting from a legal protection measure; - Pregnant or breastfeeding women. The participants will be recruited from: Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild and Hôpital Lariboisière in Paris, France INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Intervention: Experimental group: Nasal irrigation with budesonide and physiological saline (Budesonide 1mg/2mL diluted in 250mL of physiological saline 9°/00): 3 syringes of 20mL in each nasal cavity, morning and evening, for 30 days, in addition to olfactory rehabilitation twice a day. Control group: Nasal irrigation with physiological saline 9°/00 only: 3 syringes of 20cc in each nasal cavity, morning and evening, for 30 days, in addition to olfactory rehabilitation twice a day. MAIN OUTCOMES: Percentage of patients with an improvement of more than 2 points on the ODORATEST score after 30 days of treatment. RANDOMISATION: Patients will be randomized (1:1) between the experimental and control groups, using the e-CRF. The randomization list will be stratified by centre. BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and caregivers are aware of the group assignment. People assessing the outcomes are blinded to the group assignment Numbers to be randomised (sample size) 120 patients are planned to be randomized into two groups of 60 patients. TRIAL STATUS: MDL_2020_10. Version number 2, May 22, 2020. Recruitment started on May 22, 2020. The trial will finish recruiting by August 2020. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EUDRACT number: 2020-001667-85; date of trial registration: 15 May 2020 Protocol registered on ClinicalTrial.gov, registration number: NCT04361474; date of trial registration: 24 April 2020. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690074/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04585-8 id: cord-285111-qjclp51i author: Davanzo, Riccardo title: Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies date: 2020-04-26 words: 3616.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285111-qjclp51i.txt summary: The Italian Society on Neonatology (SIN) after reviewing the limited scientific knowledge on the compatibility of breastfeeding in the COVID‐19 mother and the available statements from Health Care Organizations has issued the following indications that have been endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (UENPS). • If a breastfeeding mother and her newborn infant are managed jointly, measures aimed at preventing the transmission of the viral infection should be put in place: avoid kissing the neonate, protect him from adult coughing and respiratory secretions (wear a mask during feeding and intimate contact with the baby), wash hands, in particular, before feeding, suspend visits. We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID-19 pandemic, its perinatal transmission, and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: The recent COVID‐19 pandemic has spread to Italy with heavy consequences on public health and economics. Besides the possible consequences of COVID‐19 infection on a pregnant woman and the fetus, a major concern is related to the potential effect on neonatal outcome, the appropriate management of the mother–newborn dyad, and finally the compatibility of maternal COVID‐19 infection with breastfeeding. The Italian Society on Neonatology (SIN) after reviewing the limited scientific knowledge on the compatibility of breastfeeding in the COVID‐19 mother and the available statements from Health Care Organizations has issued the following indications that have been endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (UENPS). If a mother previously identified as COVID‐19 positive or under investigation for COVID‐19 is asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic at delivery, rooming‐in is feasible, and direct breastfeeding is advisable, under strict measures of infection control. On the contrary, when a mother with COVID‐19 is too sick to care for the newborn, the neonate will be managed separately and fed fresh expressed breast milk, with no need to pasteurize it, as human milk is not believed to be a vehicle of COVID‐19. We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID‐19 pandemic, the perinatal transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010 doi: 10.1111/mcn.13010 id: cord-030556-usyvz5fj author: Dave, M. title: Open-book examinations date: 2020-08-14 words: 734.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030556-usyvz5fj.txt summary: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2006-8 themselves have often had little knowledge about the importance of optimising their dental health as part of their medical condition and some have not accessed dental care for many years. Sir, as a specialist registrar in training in special care dentistry I have been working in an urgent dental care (UDC) hub providing care for shielded, vulnerable and COVID positive patients in a rural county. Traditionally, closed book examinations such as multiple-choice questions, where learners are not permitted to have any supportive material with them, are the preferred format for UK dental courses. 1 In open-book examinations, learners have access to supportive material such as revision notes, books and online resources thereby testing the application of knowledge rather than its recall. With such an hypothesis in mind, it is recommended to postpone dental treatment of a recently recovered COVID-19 patient who still suffers from these persistent symptoms until complete resolution. Influence of open-and closed-book tests on medical students'' learning approaches abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431739/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-2008-6 id: cord-253933-29tedkf8 author: David, Abel P. title: Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 words: 3038.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253933-29tedkf8.txt summary: 1 As an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), tracheostomy is associated with high droplet and particle generation, placing health care providers at increased risk for transmission of respiratory viral infections. Factors relevant to our review included optimal timing of tracheostomy, duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19, risk to procedural teams from aerosol generation during tracheostomy, ICU capacity, and availability of PPE. In the context of the current pandemic, Tay et al conducted a literature review of tracheostomies performed during the SARS epidemic and concluded the following: (a) proper PPE (N95 mask, surgical cap, gown, goggles, and gloves) is of utmost importance; (b) surgical tracheostomy is preferably performed in a negative pressure ICU room by experienced providers with meticulous planning and seamless communication; (c) aerosol generation should be minimized through patient paralysis, ventilation hold during creation of tracheal window, and utilization of HEPA-filtered suction systems. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID‐19 patients requiring long‐term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol‐generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID‐19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care. METHODS: This study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID‐19 were derived by consensus and available evidence. RESULTS: Modified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID‐19 are presented. DISCUSSION: During the various phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26191 doi: 10.1002/hed.26191 id: cord-031493-w8agvg9g author: Davido, Benjamin title: Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date: 2020-09-06 words: 153.0 sentences: 17.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031493-w8agvg9g.txt summary: key: cord-031493-w8agvg9g authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Barizien, Nicolas; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Possible therapies of Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms() date: 2020-09-06 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 31493 cord_uid: w8agvg9g nan responsible for dysautonomia in patients with persistent symptoms following acute SARS-23 COV2 infection. Physicians must keep in mind that COVID-19 is not only a disease 24 responsible for lung injury and its sequel but may affect other organs as olfactory and 25 gustatory dysfunction and as such, should inform the general audience, especially young 26 individuals that are the most concerned [2] . Actually, we did not state that these symptoms of autonomic impairment do not require 28 specific treatment, but we believe it must be a case by case management depending on the breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in adults Efficacy of 68 Therapies for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-69 analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474820/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.001 id: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf author: Davido, Benjamin title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 words: 195.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295479-mcfqs7vf.txt summary: key: cord-295479-mcfqs7vf authors: Davido, Benjamin; Seang, Sophie; Tubiana, Roland; de Truchis, Pierre title: Post-COVID-19 chronic symptoms: a post-infectious entity?() date: 2020-07-23 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028 sha: doc_id: 295479 cord_uid: mcfqs7vf nan COVID-19 : point épidémiologique du 21 mai Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris'' response to the COVID-19 88 pandemic Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings 90 in COVID-19 Patients Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Active Epstein-Barr virus infection in 95 post-viral fatigue syndrome serological IgG antibody response on the Abbott Architect for established SARS-CoV-99 2 infection Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients 102 with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: 106 neuroimaging, histological and clinical description Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 Chikungunya-Induced Arthritis in Reunion Island: A 113 Long-Term Observational Follow-Up Study Showing Frequently Persistent Joint 114 Some Cases of Persistent Chikungunya Immunoglobulin M Positivity, and 115 No Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seroconversi abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32712242/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.028 id: cord-315864-zadogqiu author: Davido, Benjamin title: nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time date: 2020-08-02 words: 3619.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt summary: Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant decrease of admission in ICU over time probably related to multiple factors, including a better indication of pulmonary CT-scan, of oxygen therapy, and a suitable prescription of anti-infective agents. The following data were collected from patient''s medical charts: -Patient characteristics: age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking habits, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) [11] , -Infection characteristics: delay between onset of symptoms and admission, presence of super-infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) at admission, percentage of lung injuries on CT-scan if applicable, positive PCR amplifying the betacoronavirus E gene and the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene on nasopharyngeal swab or sputum, -Treatment characteristics: requiring ICU support with invasive ventilation and associated therapeutic strategies (e.g. oxygen, anti-infective agents), -Endpoint was defined as unfavorable outcome assessed by the requirement of a transfer in ICU for invasive ventilation and/or death within 30 days, -Patients were followed-up until hospital discharge. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Interest of anti-infective agents in COVD-19 showed discrepant results. However, there is no evaluation about the impact in changes of practices on the prognosis over time. METHODS: Single center, retrospective study, conducted from March 5(th) to April 25(th) 2020, in adults hospitalized in a medicine ward for a COVID-19. Patient characteristics were compared between 2 periods (before/after March 19(th)) considering French guidelines issued by learned societies. Aim of the study was to evaluate how medical care impacted unfavorable outcome, namely admission in intensive care unit (ICU) and/or death. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two patients were admitted, mean age was 59.0 ± 16.3 years, mean CRP level was 84.0±71.1 mg/L, 46% had a lymphocyte count<1000/mm(3). When prescribed, anti-infective agents were lopinavir-ritonavir (n=12), azithromycin (AZI) (n=28) and AZI combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (n=52). Between the 2 periods we noted a significant decrease of ICU admission, from 43% to 12% (p<0.0001). Delays until transfer in ICU were similar between periods (p=0.86). Pulmonary CT-scan were significantly more performed (from 50% to 90%, p<0.0001), as oxygen-dependency (53% vs 80%, p=0.001) and prescription of AZI±HCQ (from 25% to 76%, p<0.0001) were greater over time. Multivariate analyses showed a reduction of unfavorable outcome in patients receiving AZI±HCQ (HR=0.45, 95%IC [0.21-0.97], p=0.04), especially among an identified category of individuals (lymphocyte≥1000/mm(3) or CRP≥100 mg/L). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a significant decrease of admission in ICU over time probably related to multiple factors, including a better indication of pulmonary CT-scan, of oxygen therapy, and a suitable prescription of anti-infective agents. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106129 id: cord-030984-2mqn4ihm author: Davies, Anna title: Riskscapes and the socio-spatial challenges of climate change date: 2020-08-20 words: 8523.0 sentences: 391.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030984-2mqn4ihm.txt summary: As with climate vulnerabilities and public and environmental health (Faber, 2015; Gebreyes and Theodory, 2018; Klinenberg, 2002; Solomon et al., 2016) , emerging accounts of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that communities facing elevated threats to their lives and livelihoods are those who are elderly, experience chronic medical conditions, and are socially, politically and economically marginalised (CDC, 2020; Manderson and Levine, 2020; Raffaetà, 2020) . Building on his earlier work (Beck, [1986] 2005), Beck''s (2009) "world risk society" thesis highlights the growing prominence of large-scale technological and industrial processes in modernity that has given rise to unstable global financial markets and climate change and associated threats for the broader public. For example, political and economic actors and institutions across the world are refashioning previous capital accumulation strategies and their spatial and ecological "fixes" through financial instruments and market-based mechanisms that seek to mitigate against and adapt people and places to environmental disasters, terrorist threats and the climate crisis (Castree and Christophers, 2015; Gotham and Greenberg, 2014; Knox-Hayes, 2013; Ouma et al., 2018) . abstract: Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of the physical threats to human and planetary wellbeing. However, climate change risks, and their interaction with other “riskscapes”, remain understudied. Riskscapes encompass different viewpoints on the threat of loss across space, time, individuals and collectives. This Special Issue of the Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy, and Society enhances our understanding of the multifaceted and interlocking dimensions of climate change and riskscapes. It brings together rigorous and critical international scholarship across diverse realms on inquiry under two, interlinked, themes: (i) governance and institutional responses and (ii) vulnerabilities and inequalities. The contributors offer a forceful reminder that when considering climate change, social justice principles cannot be appended after the fact. Climate change adaptation and mitigation pose complex and interdependent social and ethical dilemmas that will need to be explicitly confronted in any activation of “Green New Deal” strategies currently being developed internationally. Such critical insights about the layered, unequal and institutional dimensions of risks are of paramount import when considering other riskscapes pertaining to conflict and war, displaced people and pandemics like the 2019–2020 global COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454449/ doi: 10.1093/cjres/rsaa016 id: cord-353904-dieaqxmi author: Davies, M. title: Remdesivir in treatment of COVID-19: A systematic benefit-risk assessment date: 2020-05-12 words: 4057.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353904-dieaqxmi.txt summary: A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to strengthen the ongoing understanding of the benefit-risk balance for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment by using a structured method which uses all available data. Conclusions: Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared to placebo, however there is limited safety data available at the current time. The benefits included in the value tree include key endpoints included in clinical trial protocols for studies assessing the efficacy of remdesivir in severe COVID-19 disease. Primary endpoint data available from the Adaptive COVID 19 trial [26] have also suggested a shorter time to recovery in patients treated with remdesivir, with non-significant reduced mortality risk. Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared to placebo, however there is limited safety data available at the current time. abstract: Background: There is a need to identify effective, safe treatments for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) rapidly, given the current, ongoing pandemic. A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to strengthen the ongoing understanding of the benefit-risk balance for remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment by using a structured method which uses all available data. Methods: The Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework was used to assess the overall benefit-risk of the use of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. We searched PubMed,Google Scholar and government agency websites to identify literature reporting clinical outcomes in patients taking remdesivir for COVID-19. A value tree was constructed and key benefits and risks were ranked by two clinicians in order of considered importance. Results: Several key benefits and risks for use of remdesivir in COVID-19 compared to placebo have been identified. In one trial, the benefit of time to clinical improvement was not statistically significant (21 vs 23 days, HR=1.23, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.75), although the study was underpowered. In another trial, a shorter time to recovery in patients treated with remdesivir was observed (11 vs 15 days), with non-significant reduced mortality risk (8% vs 12%). Risk data were only available from one trial. This trial reported fewer serious adverse events in patients taking remdesivir (18%) comparted to the placebo group (26%), however more patients in the remdesivir group discontinued treatment as a result of an adverse event compared to those patients receiving placebo (12% vs 5%). Conclusions: Preliminary clinical trial results suggest a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared to placebo, however there is limited safety data available at the current time. The current framework summarises the key anticipated benefits and risks for which further data are needed. Ongoing clinical trial data can be incorporated into the framework when available to provide an updated benefit-risk assessment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20093898 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093898 id: cord-271855-k8zlptas author: Davis, Corey S. title: Opioid Policy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic - and Beyond date: 2020-05-20 words: 1586.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271855-k8zlptas.txt summary: In an attempt to reduce preventable harm to individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), federal, state, and local governments have temporarily modified law and policy to increase access to OUD treatment and divert some individuals at high risk away from the correctional system. In this Commentary, we briefly describe how people with OUD are at increased risk for COVID-19, discuss existing policy barriers to evidence-based prevention and treatment for individuals with OUD, explain the temporary rollbacks of those barriers, and argue that these changes should be made permanent. 3 Opioid agonist medications for OUD, methadone and buprenorphine, reduce all-cause mortality by as much as fifty percent and are associated with positive changes in a number of other outcomes including reductions in overdose, resumed use, and HIV infections. 5 Finally, the provision of sterile syringes dramatically reduces the risk of bloodborne disease transmission related to sharing syringes for intravenous opioid use, and syringe services programs effectively link individuals with OUD to evidence-based treatment. abstract: The United States is currently in the midst of 2 public health emergencies: COVID-19 and the ongoing opioid crisis. In an attempt to reduce preventable harm to individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), federal, state, and local governments have temporarily modified law and policy to increase access to OUD treatment and divert some individuals at high risk away from the correctional system. In this Commentary, we briefly describe how people with OUD are at increased risk for COVID-19, discuss existing policy barriers to evidence-based prevention and treatment for individuals with OUD, explain the temporary rollbacks of those barriers, and argue that these changes should be made permanent. We also suggest several additional steps that federal and state governments can urgently take to reduce barriers to care for individuals with OUD, both during the current crisis and beyond. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000679 doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000679 id: cord-341381-jzjhhn23 author: Davis, M. title: Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration among U.S. Adults during COVID-19: A Brief Report date: 2020-06-09 words: 1951.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341381-jzjhhn23.txt summary: Importance: Anecdotal evidence such as increased calls to domestic violence (DV) hotlines across the globe suggest that there may be an increase of IPV prevalence in association with the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has investigated this phenomenon empirically. Participants self-reported demographic data and recent health histories, including COVID-19 tests results, related symptoms and degree of personal social distancing. Results: In this study, self-reported COVID-19 impacted respondents had an increased risk of IPV victimization and perpetration. For participants who reported testing positive to COVID-19, the odds of using psychological IPV (Exp[B] =3.24, [1.18, 8.89] p <.05) and physical IPV (Exp[B]=3.02, [1.12, 8.17] p <.05) against an intimate partner increased by more than 3 times. Spearman nonparametric correlation analyses were used to determine whether IPV victimization and perpetration were significantly associated with COVID-19 status and social distancing restrictions. We examined group differences by state-level intensity of positive COVID-19 cases in relationship to IPV using GLM (see Table 2 ). abstract: Importance: Anecdotal evidence such as increased calls to domestic violence (DV) hotlines across the globe suggest that there may be an increase of IPV prevalence in association with the COVID-19 outbreak; however, no study has investigated this phenomenon empirically. Objective: To evaluate the association between COVID-19 related conditions and recent use or experience of IPV (since the pandemic outbreak in the U.S). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected online from a sample of noninstitutionalized adults (age 18+) in the U.S. (N=2,045). More than half of the sample self-identified as being in an intimate relationship at the time of the study. Main Outcomes and Measures: A four-item tool was used to assess IPV perpetration and victimization since the outbreak of COVID-19. The rapid tool inquired about two forms of IPV, psychological and physical. Participants self-reported demographic data and recent health histories, including COVID-19 tests results, related symptoms and degree of personal social distancing. We hypothesized that COVID-19 related factors would increase risks of IPV. Results: In this study, self-reported COVID-19 impacted respondents had an increased risk of IPV victimization and perpetration. Among those who reported having symptoms consistent with coronavirus, but were denied access to testing, psychological IPV victimization was 3 times greater than those who did not (Exp[B] =3.15, [1.19, 2.29] p <.05). For participants who reported testing positive to COVID-19, the odds of using psychological IPV (Exp[B] =3.24, [1.18, 8.89] p <.05) and physical IPV (Exp[B]=3.02, [1.12, 8.17] p <.05) against an intimate partner increased by more than 3 times. Conclusions and Relevance: Patient education and community outreach/health care system initiatives focused on IPV risk behaviors may help reduce the potential development of IPV. Continued surveillance is imperative to improve health and well-being along with effective intervention development and implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125914 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125914 id: cord-303081-sjxrvs4p author: Davis, M. M. title: Parents'' Likelihood to Vaccinate Their Children and Themselves Against COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 words: 1473.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303081-sjxrvs4p.txt summary: We fit separate regression models of parents'' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative. We fit separate regression models of parents'' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative. To assess factors associated with parents'' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, we fielded a national household survey in English and Spanish from June 5-10, 2020. In this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. In this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.10.20228759 doi: medRxiv preprint Addressing parents'' hesitancy to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 will likely be essential to achieve herd immunity. abstract: Background Vaccination against COVID-19 will likely involve children in order to mitigate transmission risks in community settings. Successful implementation of COVID-19 immunization in the United States may hinge on factors associated with parents' likelihood of immunizing their children and themselves. Methods We fielded a national household survey in English and Spanish from June 5-10, 2020 (n=1,008). Parents were asked about their likelihood of immunizing their children and themselves against COVID-19. We fit separate regression models of parents' likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative. Results Overall, 63% of parents (95% CI: 59%, 66%) were likely to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, and 60% (57%, 64%) were likely to get a vaccine themselves. These responses were highly correlated (Pearson's r=0.89). Parent age, sex, marital status, education level, and income were all associated with parents' likelihood to vaccinate their children and themselves in bivariate analyses; race/ethnicity was significantly associated with parents' likelihood to vaccinate their children. In multivariable analyses, younger parents were significantly less likely than older parents to vaccinate their children and themselves against COVID-19, as were parents with high school or less education compared with parents with bachelor's degrees and non-Hispanic White parents compared with Hispanic parents (all p<.05). Conclusion In this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. Addressing parents' hesitancy to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 will be instrumental to achieving herd immunity in the US. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.10.20228759v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.10.20228759 id: cord-347091-wbjpa5st author: Davis, Matthew R. title: That Escalated Quickly: Remdesivir''s Place in Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 5078.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347091-wbjpa5st.txt summary: In the intention-to-treat population, no difference was observed in time to clinical improvement in the remdesivir group compared to patients receiving placebo (median 21 days [IQR [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] There was also no difference in discharges by day 14 (25% vs. However, due to an evolving understanding of the protracted nature of COVID-19 disease progression, trial statisticians blinded to study data proposed a change in the primary outcome to time to recovery, defined as the first day a patient satisfies ordinal scale categories 1, 2, or 3. While these data support a small benefit of remdesivir in this patient population in terms of time to clinical improvement, there does not appear to be a difference in progression of severity of disease or death, likely because of the low incidence rate of these end points in mild-moderately ill patients. abstract: Remdesivir is a nucleoside antiviral recently studied in several randomized trials for treatment of COVID-19. The available observational and prospective data are conflicting, requiring clinicians to critically evaluate and reconcile results to determine patient populations that may optimally benefit from remdesivir therapy, especially while drug supply is scarce. In this review, we analyze pertinent clinical remdesivir data for patients with COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, through May 31, 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32651941/ doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00318-1 id: cord-320499-76o2zj0v author: Davoodi, Lotfollah title: Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report date: 2020-06-25 words: 1385.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt summary: One such medication includes the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a possible therapy for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings. Here, we report on the case of a 42-year-old woman, presented with fever and dry cough, who had COVID-19 and 2 days later presented with a pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash, which started from the distal of upper extremities and rapidly, involved the entire body. One of the drugs prescribed to improve the condition of COVID-19 patients is the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a supportive drug for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings [3] . abstract: The international outbreak of respiratory illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 that has affected >0.8 million individuals. Self-limiting respiratory tract involvement, severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure and death are the spectrum of COVID-19. To date, there are no especial therapeutic agents for COVID-19 infections. One such medication includes the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a possible therapy for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings. Like all medications, HCQ has side effects and may occur in COVID-19 patients. Here, we report on the case of a 42-year-old woman, presented with fever and dry cough, who had COVID-19 and 2 days later presented with a pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash, which started from the distal of upper extremities and rapidly, involved the entire body. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omaa042 doi: 10.1093/omcr/omaa042 id: cord-305959-x061q8t7 author: Davoudi-Monfared, Effat title: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 4733.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt summary: As the primary outcome, time to the clinical response was not significantly different between the IFN and the control groups (9.7 ± 5.8 versus 8.3 ± 4.9 days, respectively, P = 0.95). The vital signs at the time of hospital admission were not statistically different, except respiratory rate was significantly higher in the IFN group (22 versus 20, respectively, P ϭ 0.009). As a primary outcome, the time to clinical response was not significantly different between the IFN and control groups (9.7 Ϯ 5.8 versus 8.3 Ϯ 4.9 days, respectively, P ϭ 0.95), which is shown in the Kaplan-Meier plot (Fig. 2) . On day 0, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the components Interferon ␤-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID19 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy of this scale. The present study was the first randomized, open-label, controlled trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of IFN ␤-1a in the treatment of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19. abstract: To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study on the use of interferon β-1a (IFN β-1a) in the treatment of severe COVID-19. In this randomized clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of IFN β-1a were evaluated in patients with severe COVID-19. Forty-two patients in the interferon group received IFN β-1a in addition to the national protocol medications (hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir-ritonavir or atazanavir-ritonavir). Each 44-μg/ml (12 million IU/ml) dose of interferon β-1a was subcutaneously injected three times weekly for two consecutive weeks. The control group consisted of 39 patients who received only the national protocol medications. The primary outcome of the study was time to reach clinical response. Secondary outcomes were duration of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, 28-day mortality, effect of early or late administration of IFN on mortality, adverse effects, and complications during the hospitalization. Between 29 February and 3 April 2020, 92 patients were recruited, and a total of 42 patients in the IFN group and 39 patients in the control group completed the study. As the primary outcome, time to the clinical response was not significantly different between the IFN and the control groups (9.7 ± 5.8 versus 8.3 ± 4.9 days, respectively, P = 0.95). On day 14, 66.7% versus 43.6% of patients in the IFN group and the control group, respectively, were discharged (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 6.37). The 28-day overall mortality was significantly lower in the IFN than the control group (19% versus 43.6%, respectively, P = 0.015). Early administration significantly reduced mortality (OR, 13.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 118). Although IFN did not change the time to reach the clinical response, adding it to the national protocol significantly increased discharge rate on day 14 and decreased 28-day mortality. (This study is in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials under identifier IRCT20100228003449N28.) url: https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01061-20 doi: 10.1128/aac.01061-20 id: cord-272989-14exeaud author: Dawoud, Dalia title: Pharmacy practice research priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations of a panel of experts convened by FIP Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group date: 2020-08-26 words: 2360.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272989-14exeaud.txt summary: A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. 3 Pharmacists desire and need evidence to inform practice, and without credible and scientifically sound research studies, partly due to the rush to publish, there is not only a pandemic but an "infodemic". 3, 4 Hence, there is an urgent need to focus our research efforts to provide pharmacists and other healthcare providers with trusted information and evidence to inform patient care, pharmacy practice, and policy changes in the midst of COVID-19. abstract: Across the globe, pharmacists on the frontline continue to fight COVID-19 and its continuously evolving physical, mental, and economic consequences armed by their knowledge, professionalism, and dedication. Their need for credible scientific evidence to inform their practice has never been more urgent. Despite the exponentially increasing number of publications since the start of the pandemic, questions remain unanswered, and more are created, than have been resolved by the increasing number of publications. A panel of leading journal editors was convened by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Pharmacy Practice Research Special Interest Group to discuss the current status of COVID-19 related research, provide their recommendations, and identify focal points for pharmacy practice, social pharmacy, and education research moving forward. Key priorities identified spanned a wide range of topics, reflecting the need for good quality research to inform practice and education. The panel insisted that a foundation in theory and use of rigorous methods should continue forming the basis of inquiry and its resultant papers, regardless of topic area. From assessing the clinical and cost effectiveness of COVID-19 therapies and vaccines to assessing different models of pharmaceutical services and education delivery, these priorities will ensure that our practice is informed by the best quality scientific evidence at this very challenging time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1551741120310445 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.020 id: cord-314719-qi8gilkr author: Dawson, David L. title: COVID-19: Psychological Flexibility, Coping, Mental Health, and Wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic date: 2020-07-30 words: 6972.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314719-qi8gilkr.txt summary: In planned regression models, psychological flexibility demonstrated incremental predictive validity for all distress and wellbeing outcomes (over and above both demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses). Studies that have tracked the long-term sequelae of previous coronavirus pandemics (such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] in 2002) suggest that psychological difficulties -including PTSD, depression, anxiety, stress, and impaired quality of life -can sustain for months and even years post-outbreak, particularly for those who contract the virus or who are directly exposed to it through their occupational roles (e.g., Bonanno et al., 2008; Chan & Huak, 2004; Hui et al., 2005; Kwek et al., 2006; A. In these five models, psychological flexibility explained an additional 5-18% of outcome variance -over and above demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses (as measured by the Brief COPE). Whilst associations generally (inversely) paralleled those observed for avoidant coping, psychological flexibility accounted for unique variance in both distress and wellbeing -including COVID-19-specific distress (IES-6) and worry. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered the daily lives of many people across the globe, both through the direct interpersonal cost of the disease, and the governmental restrictions imposed to mitigate its spread and impact. The UK has been particularly affected and has one of the highest mortality rates in Europe. In this paper, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health and well-being in the UK during a period of ‘lockdown’ (15(th)–21(st) May 2020) and the specific role of Psychological Flexibility as a potential mitigating process. We observed clinically high levels of distress in our sample (N=555). However, psychological flexibility was significantly and positively associated with greater wellbeing, and inversely related to anxiety, depression, and COVID-19-related distress. Avoidant coping behaviour was positively associated with all indices of distress and negatively associated with wellbeing, while engagement in approach coping only demonstrated weaker associations with outcomes of interest. No relationship between adherence to government guidelines and psychological flexibility was found. In planned regression models, psychological flexibility demonstrated incremental predictive validity for all distress and wellbeing outcomes (over and above both demographic characteristics and COVID-19-specific coping responses). Furthermore, psychological flexibility and COVID-19 outcomes were only part-mediated by coping responses to COVID-19, supporting the position that psychological flexibility can be understood as an overarching response style that is distinct from established conceptualisations of coping. We conclude that psychological flexibility represents a promising candidate process for understanding and predicting how an individual may be affected by, and cope with, both the acute and longer-term challenges of the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212144720301654?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.010 id: cord-252084-04zbbyii author: Dawson, P. title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 1854.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252084-04zbbyii.txt summary: Among individuals with COVID-19 enrolled in a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most commonly reported symptom (26/42; 62%), and among household contacts, it had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55-95%) for COVID-19. Among the 64 household members of COVID-19 index cases, loss of taste and/or smell was reported by 12 individuals, of whom 10 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positive predictive value (PPV) of any loss of taste and/or smell for COVID-19 (83%, 95% CI: 55-95%) was higher than for fever (subjective or measured) and cough, two of the three classic symptoms, and equal to the third, shortness of breath (83%, 95% CI: 44-97%) ( Table 2) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20101006 doi: medRxiv preprint absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, criteria for a probable COVID-19 case now include loss of taste and/or smell in conjunction with other non-classic symptoms. abstract: Olfactory and taste dysfunctions have emerged as symptoms of COVID-19. Among individuals with COVID-19 enrolled in a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most commonly reported symptom (26/42; 62%), and among household contacts, it had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55-95%) for COVID-19. These findings support consideration of loss of taste and/or smell in possible case identification and testing prioritization for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20101006 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20101006 id: cord-341435-b36h69r1 author: Dawson, Patrick title: Loss of Taste and Smell as Distinguishing Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 words: 1688.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341435-b36h69r1.txt summary: In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42; 62%) among COVID-19 case-patients and had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55–95%) among household contacts. This investigation provided an opportunity to identify household COVID-19 cases and describe their symptom profiles, including loss of taste and smell, prior to diagnosis. Among the 64 household members of COVID-19 index cases, loss of taste and/or smell was reported by 12 individuals, of whom 10 were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positive predictive value (PPV) of any loss of taste and/or smell (83%, 95% CI: 55-95%) was higher than for fever (subjective or measured) and cough, two of the three classic symptoms, and equal to the third, shortness of breath (83%, 95% CI: 44-97%) ( Table 1 ). In the absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, CSTE criteria for a probable COVID-19 case now include loss of taste and/or smell in conjunction with other non-classic symptoms (3). abstract: In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42; 62%) among COVID-19 case-patients and had the highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55–95%) among household contacts. Olfactory and taste dysfunctions should be considered for COVID-19 case identification and testing prioritization. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa799 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa799 id: cord-291393-iht5zndl author: De Angelis, Giulia title: Confirmed or unconfirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Italian patients: a retrospective analysis of clinical features date: 2020-10-19 words: 2704.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291393-iht5zndl.txt summary: METHODS: On March 31, 2020, hospitalized patients who presented with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, exposures, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with 2019-nCoV pneumonia were included. Because of substantial pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality [3] , testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients who meet the suspected-case definition for COVID-19 [4] is central for their management. We comparatively explored the clinical features of 165 patients with laboratory confirmed or unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to COVID-19 wards of the Fondazione Policlinico A. We tested the hypothesis that negative patients did not differ from SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive patients by comparing features of 165 cases with clinically diagnosed 2019-nCoV pneumonia in our hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a novel etiologic agent of viral pneumonia. We aimed to compare clinical features of 165 Italian patients with laboratory confirmed or unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia. METHODS: On March 31, 2020, hospitalized patients who presented with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, exposures, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with 2019-nCoV pneumonia were included. Before admission to a hospital ward, patients underwent RT-PCR based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in their nasopharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS: Of 165 patients studied, 119 had positive RT-PCR results and 46 were RT-PCR negative for 2 days or longer (i.e., when the last swab sample was obtained). The median age was 70 years (IQR, 58–78), and 123 (74.6%) of 165 patients had at least one comorbidity. The majority of patients (101/165, 61.2%) had a mild pneumonia, and the remaining patients (64/165, 38.8%) a severe/critical pneumonia. We did not find any substantial difference in symptoms, incubation periods, and radiographic/CT abnormalities as well as in many of the biological abnormalities recorded. However, at multivariable analysis, higher concentrations of hemoglobin (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11–1.65; P = 0.003) and lower counts of leukocytes (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.90; P < 0.001) were statistically associated with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. While mortality rates were similar, patients with confirmed diagnosis were more likely to receive antivirals (95% vs 19.6%, P < 0.001) and to develop ARDS (63% vs 37%, P = 0.003) than those with unconfirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that unconfirmed 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases may be actually COVID-19 cases and that clinicians should be cautious when managing patients with presentations compatible with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33076874/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05504-7 id: cord-319853-jr8x5emx author: De Castro, Leonardo title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 words: 8499.0 sentences: 415.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319853-jr8x5emx.txt summary: . Indeed, health equity as a consideration has an enormously wide reach and relevance." 14 This approach considers the impact of how health-related resources have been allocated or distributed and looks at the issues over a period that precedes the onset of the COVID-19 emergency and extends beyond the expected end of the current pandemic. This paper discusses the fairness of allocation measures in relation to the dispensing of adequate information, the provision of isolation and quarantine facilities, the availability of healthcare services and providers, and the criteria for triage in the hospital setting. In this section of the paper, the neglect of these principles, especially the prioritization of the worst off, in public healthcare decision-making is examined in relation to three problems within the Philippines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: paternalistic decision-making complicated by false information, failure to be mindful of literacy levels, and failure to account for language and other barriers. abstract: Using a fair allocation approach, this paper identifies and examines important concerns arising from the Philippines’ COVID‐19 response while focusing on difficulties encountered by various sectors in gaining fair access to needed societal resources. The effectiveness of different response measures is anchored on addressing inequities that have permeated Philippine society for a long time. Since most measures that are in place as part of the COVID‐19 response are meant to be temporary, these are unable to resolve the inequities that have led to the magnitude of morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. These cannot improve the country’s readiness to deal with pandemics and other emergencies in the future. Transition to a new normal recognizes the possibility that other infectious diseases could come and endanger our health security. Our pandemic experiences are proving that having an egalitarian society will serve the interests not only of disadvantaged sectors but also of everybody else, including the privileged. Response measures should thus take the opportunity to promote equity by giving importance to the concerns of the underprivileged and vulnerable while giving preference to initiatives that can be sustained beyond the period of the current pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32965788/ doi: 10.1111/dewb.12293 id: cord-317477-h3c5kddj author: De Coninck, David title: Perceived vulnerability to disease and attitudes towards public health measures: COVID-19 in Flanders, Belgium date: 2020-11-01 words: 4235.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317477-h3c5kddj.txt summary: We aim to show how perceived vulnerability to disease, personality characteristics, opinion on news media coverage and consumption of news media, and socio-economic and socio-psychological perceptions are related to attitudes towards public health measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, we conducted stepwise linear regressions to investigate associations of perceived vulnerability to disease, personality characteristics, consumption of and opinion on news media, and socio-economic and sociopsychological perceptions, with attitudes towards public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Flanders, Belgium. To answer our main research question, we conducted two stepwise linear regressions to investigate associations between on the one hand perceived vulnerability to disease (GA and PI), personality characteristics, opinion on and consumption of news media, socio-psychological and economic perceptions (independent variables), and on the other hand the belief that the current measures are necessary to protect the Belgian population (dependent variable; Table 3 ) and that the Belgian government is handling the COVID-19 crisis well (dependent variable; Table 4 ). abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments installed measures to contain the disease. Information about these measures was disseminated through news media. Nonetheless, many individuals did not abide by these guidelines. We investigated how perceived vulnerability to disease and personality characteristics related to support for public health measures. We analyzed survey data of 1000 Flemish (Belgium) adults, collected between March 17, 2020 and March 22, 2020. Older age, low educational attainment, gender (female) and work situation (no telecommuting) were associated with greater perceived vulnerability. Greater expectations of loneliness and more solidarity with our fellow men were associated with gender (female), younger age and work situation (telecommuting). Greater perceived vulnerability to disease was related to a greater belief that public health measures protect the population, but also to a critical stance towards the Belgian government's handling of the crisis. High agreeableness and high emotional stability were associated with respectively greater belief that health measures protect the population, and greater support for the government's crisis management. Watching television news was related to a greater belief that public health measures are necessary, and specifically consuming public television news increased support for public health measures. We discuss the implications for handling the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110220 doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110220 id: cord-267645-39sao4nu author: De Felice, Francesca title: A snapshot on radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) head and neck working group date: 2020-10-06 words: 2495.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267645-39sao4nu.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The objective of the paper was to assess real-life experience in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in radiotherapy departments and to evaluate the variability in terms of adherence to American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recommendations. Questions were set up in two main sections: (1) how the general management of HNC patients and hospital organization were changed in the acute phase of the outbreak (March 2020-May 2020) compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (October 2019-December 2019) and (2) how the management of different HNC primary tumors, including laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nasal/paranasal sinus cancer was changed. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of the paper was to assess real-life experience in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in radiotherapy departments and to evaluate the variability in terms of adherence to American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In May 2020, an anonymous 30-question online survey, comparing acute phase of outbreak and pre-COVID-19 period, was conducted. Two sections exploited changes in general management of HNC patients and different HNC primary tumors, addressing specific statements from ASTRO ESTRO consensus statement as well. RESULTS: Eighty-eight questionnaires were included in the demographic/clinical workflow analysis, and 64 were analyzed for treatment management. Forty-eight percent of radiotherapy departments became part of oncologic hubs. First consultations reduced, and patients were addressed to other centers in 33.8 and 18.3% of cases, respectively. Telematic consultations were used in 50% of follow-up visits and 73.9% of multidisciplinary tumor board discussions. There were no practical changes in the management of patients affected by different primitive HNCs. Hypofractionation was not favored over conventional schedules. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to pre-COVID era, the clinical workflow was highly re-organized, whereas there were no consistent changes in RT indications and schedules. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11547-020-01296-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01296-7 doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01296-7 id: cord-344382-vge4ho2v author: De Flora, Silvio title: Rationale for the use of N‐acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 4995.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344382-vge4ho2v.txt summary: 5 Elderly individuals maintain a chronic low level of inflammation that is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, a condition that increases the severity of viral infections in this population and that could be attenuated by administration of antioxidants. 36 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical trial in 5 ICUs in the USA and Canada showed that the intravenous administration of NAC (70 mg/ kg body weight), every 8 hours for 10 days, effectively repleted GSH in red blood cells, decreased the number of days of acute lung injury, and significantly increased the cardiac index. 50 NAC inhibited the pulmonary inflammation and edema as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total cells, neutrophils, macrophages, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-10 (CXCL-10) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced the levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and mRNA in the lungs of BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with A/swine/HeBei/012/2008/ H9N2 influenza virus. abstract: COVID‐19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an oxidative stress imbalance has been demonstrated to occur in COVID‐19 patients. N‐ Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its tolerability, this pleiotropic drug has been proposed not only as a mucolytic agent, but also as a preventive/therapeutic agent in a variety of disorders involving GSH depletion and oxidative stress. At very high doses, NAC is also used as an antidote against paracetamol intoxication. Thiols block the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 thereby hampering penetration of SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells. Based on a broad range of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, which are herein reviewed, the oral administration of NAC is likely to attenuate the risk of developing COVID‐19, as it was previously demonstrated for influenza and influenza‐like illnesses. Moreover, high‐dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID‐19 cases and in the control of its lethal complications, also including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events. url: https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202001807 doi: 10.1096/fj.202001807 id: cord-351092-b01o6f69 author: De Francesco, Maria A. title: Pneumocystis jirevocii and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: A Common Feature in Transplant Recipients? date: 2020-09-18 words: 2229.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351092-b01o6f69.txt summary: Here we describe, for the first time in Europe, a fatal case of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii in a kidney transplant recipient. Pneumocystis jirevocii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection affecting patients with cellular immunity defects due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections or iatrogenic immunosuppression [15, 16] . Here, we report the fatal case of a SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii co-infection in a kidney transplant recipient. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii reported in Europe in a kidney transplant recipient. Pneumocystis jirevocii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: Delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes in non-HIV infected individuals Acute respiratory failure due to Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection: Outcome and associated features Critical care management and outcome of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with and without HIV infection abstract: COVID-19 might potentially give rise to a more severe infection in solid organ transplant recipients due to their chronic immunosuppression. These patients are at a higher risk of developing concurrent or secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Co-infections can increase systemic inflammation influencing the prognosis and the severity of the disease, and can in turn lead to an increased need of mechanical ventilation, antibiotic therapy and to a higher mortality. Here we describe, for the first time in Europe, a fatal case of co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis jirevocii in a kidney transplant recipient. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962148/ doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030544 id: cord-259618-kl0aq0ut author: De Leo, Diego title: The fight against COVID-19: a report from the Italian trenches date: 2020-04-20 words: 2507.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259618-kl0aq0ut.txt summary: On the other hand, in the present situation, caregivers of people with dementia are also exposed to extra stress: limited opportunities to offer the usual level of care; food and cleaning management more problematic; worries and concerns for the possibility of contaminating an older adult that would not survive the disease; and, in a situation like the Italian one, the many "badanti" (carers from Eastern Europe) without a regular contract (Rugolotto et al., 2017) , now impeded to reach the home of the older adults they take care of because they are intercepted by the police at check points. Unfortunately, this elementary strategy to guarantee that health professionals were sufficiently protected toward the virus was not applied with due care, and up to date the number of doctors who died from the infection during their professional activity is unbearable (109 victims, at the time of writing). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220000630 doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000630 id: cord-272349-cqzfjg5t author: De Lorenzo, Antonino title: Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-03 words: 3720.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272349-cqzfjg5t.txt summary: METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Obesity, measured as body mass index (BMI), is reported to associate with increase the risk of developing severe pneumonia in COVID-19 [1] . Indeed, the risk correlated to obesity with COVID-19 severity is greater in metabolic associated fatty liver patients [2] . Aim of this prospective observational study, in patients admitted to ICU for COVID-19, is to evaluate the relationship between FM% and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in ICU. Rather than considering only the BMI, patients recruited in this study were categorized in two sets: "lean" or "obese" according to FM% and age, based on criteria presented by De Lorenzo [15] . Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and steatosis are associated with COVID-19 severe pneumonia. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced immune response are typical of these patients. In particular, adipose tissue is the organ playing the crucial role. So, it is necessary to evaluate fat mass and not simpler body mass index (BMI), because BMI leaves a portion of the obese population unrecognized. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between Percentage of Fat Mass (FM%) and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Patients were analyzed at admission in ICU and at 10th day. RESULTS: Obese have steatosis, impaired hepatic function, compromise immune response and higher inflammation. In addition, they have a reduced prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional survival index for ICU patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first study evaluating FM% in COVID-19 patient. We underlined obese characteristic with likely poorly prognosis and an important misclassification of obesity. A not negligible number of patients with normal BMI could actually have an excess of adipose tissue and therefore have an unfavorable outcome such as an obese. Is fundamental personalized patients nutrition basing on disease phases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32746930/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02464-z id: cord-269690-6r2bfydw author: De Lorenzo, Rebecca title: Residual clinical damage after COVID-19: A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-14 words: 4421.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269690-6r2bfydw.txt summary: Primary outcome was need of follow-up, defined as the presence at follow-up of at least one among: respiratory rate (RR) >20 breaths/min, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) requiring therapeutic change, moderate to very severe dyspnoea, malnutrition, or new-onset cognitive impairment, according to validated scores. At regression tree analysis, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) and body mass index (BMI) at ED presentation, and age emerged as independent predictors of the need of follow-up. Demographical data (i.e. age, gender, and ethnicity), comorbidities (i.e. hypertension, HTN, coronary artery disease, CAD, diabetes mellitus, DM, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, chronic kidney disease, CKD, active cancer, and current psychiatric disorder according to DSM-5), as well as body mass index (BMI), axillary body temperature, and laboratory values (i.e. the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure, PaO 2 in mmHg, to fractional inspired oxygen, FiO 2 , expressed as a fraction, PaO 2 /FiO 2 , white blood cell count, WBC, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, NLR, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, C-reactive protein, CRP, estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR using the CKD-EPI equation) at ED presentation were extracted for all patients. abstract: Data on residual clinical damage after Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. The aims of this study were to investigate whether COVID-19 leaves behind residual dysfunction, and identify patients who might benefit from post-discharge monitoring. All patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) for COVID-19, and evaluated at post-discharge follow-up between 7 April and 7 May, 2020, were enrolled. Primary outcome was need of follow-up, defined as the presence at follow-up of at least one among: respiratory rate (RR) >20 breaths/min, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) requiring therapeutic change, moderate to very severe dyspnoea, malnutrition, or new-onset cognitive impairment, according to validated scores. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) served as secondary outcome. 185 patients were included. Median [interquartile range] time from hospital discharge to follow-up was 23 [20–29] days. 109 (58.9%) patients needed follow-up. At follow-up evaluation, 58 (31.3%) patients were dyspnoeic, 41 (22.2%) tachypnoeic, 10 (5.4%) malnourished, 106 (57.3%) at risk for malnutrition. Forty (21.6%) patients had uncontrolled BP requiring therapeutic change, and 47 (25.4%) new-onset cognitive impairment. PTSD was observed in 41 (22.2%) patients. At regression tree analysis, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) and body mass index (BMI) at ED presentation, and age emerged as independent predictors of the need of follow-up. Patients with PaO(2)/FiO(2) <324 and BMI ≥33 Kg/m(2) had the highest odds to require follow-up. Among hospitalised patients, age ≥63 years, or age <63 plus non-invasive ventilation or diabetes identified those with the highest probability to need follow-up. PTSD was independently predicted by female gender and hospitalisation, the latter being protective (odds ratio, OR, 4.03, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.76 to 9.47, p 0.0011; OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.92, p 0.033, respectively). COVID-19 leaves behind physical and psychological dysfunctions. Follow-up programmes should be implemented for selected patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052920/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239570 id: cord-310123-h7i49pdb author: De Smet, Robert title: Frailty and mortality in hospitalized older adults with COVID-19: retrospective observational study date: 2020-06-09 words: 3319.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310123-h7i49pdb.txt summary: ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the association between frailty and short-term mortality in older adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mortality was significantly but weakly associated with age (Spearman r = 14 0.241, P = 0.03) and CFS score (r = 0.282, P = 0.011), baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.301, 15 P = 0.009), lymphocyte count (r = -0.262, P = 0.02) and RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct, r = -0.285, P = 16 0.015). Therefore, the aim of this retrospective observational study was 42 to describe outcomes in hospitalized geriatric COVID-19 patients according to their age, degree of 43 frailty and place of residence. A recent study from Italy showed that in N=105 COVID-19 patients, frailty as 150 assessed by the fraity index was associated with in-hospital mortality or ICU admission, independent 151 of age and sex. In summary, we showed that age and frailty were significantly but weakly associated with mortality 190 among hospitalized older adults affected by COVID-19. abstract: ABSTRACT Objectives To determine the association between frailty and short-term mortality in older adults hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Design Retrospective single-center observational study. Setting and participants: N = 81 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), at the Geriatrics department of a general hospital in Belgium. Measure ments: Frailty was graded according to the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Demographic, biochemical and radiological variables, co-morbidities, symptoms and treatment were extracted from electronic medical records. Results Participants (N = 48 women, 59%) had a median age of 85 years (range 65 – 97 years), median CFS score of 7 (range 2 – 9), and 42 (52%) were long-term care residents. Within six weeks, eighteen patients died. Mortality was significantly but weakly associated with age (Spearman r = 0.241, P = 0.03) and CFS score (r = 0.282, P = 0.011), baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.301, P = 0.009), lymphocyte count (r = -0.262, P = 0.02) and RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct, r = -0.285, P = 0.015). Mortality was not associated with long-term care residence, dementia, delirium or polypharmacy. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, CFS, LDH and RT-PCR Ct (but not age) remained independently associated with mortality. Both age and frailty had poor specificity to predict survival. A multivariable model combining age, CFS, LDH and viral load significantly predicted survival. Conclusions and implications Although their prognosis is worse, even the oldest and most severely frail patients may benefit from hospitalization for COVID-19, if sufficient resources are available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674821/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.008 id: cord-332150-j76726no author: De Stefano, Ludovico title: A “Window of Therapeutic Opportunity” for Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-06 words: 3616.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 28.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332150-j76726no.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332150-j76726no.txt summary: The main challenge for effective administration of anti-cytokine therapy in COVID-19 will be therefore to better define a precise "window of therapeutic opportunity." Only considering a more specific set of criteria able to integrate information on direct viral damage, the cytokine burden, and the patient''s immune vulnerability, it will be possible to decide, carefully balancing both benefits and risks, the appropriateness of using immunosuppressive drugs even in patients affected primarily by an infectious disease. Discovery of virus and host genomic factors will undoubtedly support risk stratification and targeted treatment; however, as genomic studies require long times before entering clinical practice, it is urgent to integrate easily accessible information on the dynamics and pathogenicity of the immune response during the different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, longitudinal immune profiling of hospitalized COVID-19 cases with different outcomes has recently shown that, despite similar levels of inflammatory cytokines in the first 10 days from symptom onset, patients with less severe disease evolution also express mediators of wound healing and tissue repair (41) . abstract: The effects of cytokine inhibition in the different phases of the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently at the center of intense debate, and preliminary results from observational studies and case reports offer conflicting results thus far. The identification of the correct timing of administration of anti-cytokine therapies and other immunosuppressants in COVID-19 should take into account the intricate relationship between the viral burden, the hyperactivation of the innate immune system and the adaptive immune dysfunction. The main challenge for effective administration of anti-cytokine therapy in COVID-19 will be therefore to better define a precise “window of therapeutic opportunity.” Only considering a more specific set of criteria able to integrate information on direct viral damage, the cytokine burden, and the patient’s immune vulnerability, it will be possible to decide, carefully balancing both benefits and risks, the appropriateness of using immunosuppressive drugs even in patients affected primarily by an infectious disease. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.572635 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572635 id: cord-290677-3gdcyrrz author: De Virgiliis, Francesco title: Lung innervation in the eye of a cytokine storm: neuroimmune interactions and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 6108.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290677-3gdcyrrz.txt summary: In line with these findings, virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in humans seems to be mediated by the vagus nerve 53 , raising the possibility that the dyspnoea and respiratory failure observed in patients with severe COVID-19 is exacerbated by neuroimmune crosstalk in the lungs. A plausible hypothesis is that these NAMs act in concert with neuronal cells to control inflammation, and that malfunctioning of this system in older or immunocompromised people could contribute to the cytokine storm and ARDS in patients with severe COVID-19 or other respiratory virus infections. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, specific tissueresident macrophages that are involved in modulating inflammation following viral infection are in close contact with vagal fibres innervating the lungs, and this ''neuroimmune synapse'' could be one of the keys to controlling aberrant inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common feature of severe forms of COVID-19 and can lead to respiratory failure, especially in older individuals. The increasing recognition of the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 has sparked interest in the role of the nervous system in respiratory failure in people with COVID-19. However, the neuroimmune interactions in the lung in the context of ARDS are poorly understood. In this Perspectives article, we propose the concept of the neuroimmune unit as a critical determinant of lung function in the context of COVID-19, inflammatory conditions and ageing, focusing particularly on the involvement of the vagus nerve. We discuss approaches such as neurostimulation and pharmacological neuromodulation to reduce tissue inflammation with the aim of preventing respiratory failure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843733/ doi: 10.1038/s41582-020-0402-y id: cord-298200-rjlya399 author: De los Santos, J. A. A. title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Psychological Well-Being and Turnover Intentions of Frontline Nurses in the Community: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Philippines date: 2020-08-06 words: 3387.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298200-rjlya399.txt summary: Bivariate analysis and Spearman Rho coefficients were used to assess relationships between fear of COVID-19, nurses'' characteristics, and other key study variables (job satisfaction, psychological distress, and turnover intentions). Results showed that fear of COVID-19 influenced the nurses'' psychological distress and turnover intentions (organizational and professional). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20167411 doi: medRxiv preprint organization, job role, and hospital characteristics including facility size and type of hospital), an increased level of fear of COVID-19 is associated with increased psychological distress (β =0.357; p=0.001), as well as increased organizational (β =0.241, p=0.001) and professional (β =0.221, p=0.001) turnover intentions. This study''s primary goal was to assess the fear of COVID-19 and its influence on the psychological well-being and turnover intentions among nurses assigned to care and manage COVID-19 patients outside the hospital setting. Nonetheless, fear of COVID-19 has brought enormous stress and psychological distress to the nurses, influencing their high turnover intentions. abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to assess fear of COVID-19 among nurses in a community setting. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using self-report questionnaires. Findings: Results revealed that nurses display moderate to high fear of COVID-19 and that the female gender is correlated to fear of the virus. Moreover, the nurses fear influences their psychological distress and organizational and professional turnover intentions. Conclusion: Fear of COVID-19 is universal among nurses. There is a need to assess the factors associated with the fear to better address the nurses psychological well-being and to avoid turnover intentions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20167411 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.05.20167411 id: cord-266813-5tttyl5o author: DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Trainees on the Front Line date: 2020-06-09 words: 1175.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266813-5tttyl5o.txt summary: Yet, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised new questions, including issues of clinician safety during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aerosolizing procedures should be performed with personal protective equipment (PPE) consisting of eye protection, N95 respirators, gloves, and gowns in airborne infection isolation rooms given the higher risk of viral transmission. Key Words: advance care planning ◼ coronavirus ◼ cardiopulmonary resuscitation ◼ personal protective equipment Second, when CPR is performed, it should be done as safely as possible. Moreover, all patients at hospitals in regions with a high prevalence of COVID-19 should be assumed to have COVID-19 at the time of cardiac arrest, and providers should use appropriate PPE. The importance of addressing advance care planning and decisions about do-not-resuscitate orders during novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitals consider universal do-not-resuscitate orders for coronavirus patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.047260 doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047260 id: cord-310862-53g4hjtp author: DeFilippis, Ersilia M. title: Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 words: 853.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310862-53g4hjtp.txt summary: For listed patients who are hospitalized without a strict contraindication to durable left ventricular assist device implantation, left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant may be a viable strategy to get at-risk patients home and out of the hospital, minimizing their exposure to COVID-19. Important organ procurement organization measures in the United States include expansion of the Uniform Donor Risk Assessment Interview, which now includes targeted questions on exposure to COVID-19. If donors test positive for COVID-19, their organs should not be used for transplant, although they could be considered for scientific purposes to better understand the effects of the virus on the myocardium. 3 For patients who require HT during this pandemic, rapid polymerase chain reaction testing to exclude community-or hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection is required, and extra precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk of postoperative exposure. First cases of COVID-19 in heart transplantation from China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.047096 doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047096 id: cord-335323-p7cv79ig author: DeSerres, Joshua J. title: Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 4205.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335323-p7cv79ig.txt summary: The authors have proposed an algorithm for management of CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that urgent and emergent CMF injuries are addressed appropriately while optimizing the safety of surgeons and other healthcare providers. So far there has been a significant mortality of otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists in the Wuhan region, thought to be related to exposure to aerosolized virus from the nasal and oral airway mucosa from high risk procedures such as CMF trauma and sinus operations and in some patients despite the use of N95 masks. 19, 20 Given that the majority of CMF trauma procedures involve violation of the mucosa of the oral cavity and sinuses, these patients place the surgeons and the remainder of the operating room staff at high risk of exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although elective surgical procedures are being cancelled in many parts of the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, acute craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma will continue to occur and will need to be appropriately managed. Surgical procedures involving the nasal, oral, or pharyngeal mucosa carry a high risk of transmission due to aerosolization of the virus which is known to be in high concentration in these areas. Intraoperative exposure to high viral loads through aerosolization carries a very high risk of transmission, and the severity of the disease contracted in this manner is worse than that transmitted through regular community transmission. This places surgeons operating in the CMF region at particularly high risk during the pandemic. There is currently a paucity of information to delineate the best practice for the management of acute CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, a clear protocol describing optimal screening, timing of intervention and choice of personal protective equipment, is needed. The authors have proposed an algorithm for management of CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that urgent and emergent CMF injuries are addressed appropriately while optimizing the safety of surgeons and other healthcare providers. The algorithm is based on available evidence at the time of writing. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and more evidence and better testing becomes available, the algorithm should be modified accordingly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404623/ doi: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006654 id: cord-289335-9agazyre author: DeWit, Andrew title: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan date: 2020-08-13 words: 2375.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289335-9agazyre.txt summary: title: An Integrated Approach to Sustainable Development, National Resilience, and COVID-19 Responses: The Case of Japan Japan''s integrated solutions show that pandemic response can include accelerated decarbonization and resilient, sustainable development. National Resilience Plans (NRP) and disaster reconstruction; economic risk countermeasures; and "Post 2020 Olympic Games" legacy investment in Society 5.0, SDGs-inclusive society. Having analysed Japan''s financial stimulus in responding to COVID-19 response from section 2 to 3, we turn to examine how integrated financial and economic stimulus can foster a rights-based, low carbon, resilient and sustainable recovery. Specifically concerning fiscal countermeasures to COVID-19 and its economic fallout, failure to include climate action risks accelerated global warming. The 2030 Agenda thus embodies the shared responsibility and global solidarity essential to making COVID-19 recovery a major step in the long journey back from planetary boundaries and towards sustainable and resilient communities. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led to historic economic fallout. To protect public health and stabilize incomes, governments have implemented massive fiscal stimulus packages. These fiscal supports are crucial, though there is concern that sustainable and resilient development will be sacrificed in the rush to preserve incomes and industries. The aim of the paper is to review whether the Japanese governments’ responses in terms of financial stimulus considers longer term resilience and sustainability. This paper reviews pertinent academic literature and publicly available data from governments and organisations. The research is a rapid analysis of emerging information provided by the government of Japan and other international organisations. Using the case of Japan, this paper suggests that it is possible both to protect public health and essential services, while also promoting resilience and sustainability. Japan's integrated solutions show that pandemic response can include accelerated decarbonization and resilient, sustainable development. The paper also warns also that failure to act on long-term sustainability risks increased inequality, higher opportunity costs, cascading hazards, and further retreat from planetary thinking and globalism. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101808 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101808 id: cord-268040-6i0bmnee author: Dean, Elizabeth title: Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date: 2020-06-26 words: 2047.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt summary: Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients'' efforts when these are managed by other professionals. This being the era of NCDs, 46 physical therapists have long been urged to exploit lifestyle and behavioral medicine competencies, 47 to reverse NCDs and their risk factors, eg, atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, often within days or weeks, and atherosclerosis within one year or more. Consistent with the recent report of the Lancet EAT Commission, 57 the American College of Lifestyle Medicine advocates a whole-food plant-based nutrition to maximize health, prevent disease particularly NCDs, reverse these conditions, and reduce disability, premature death and socioeconomic burdens associated with them. Prevention and outcome of COVID-19 could be substantially impacted with exploitation of non-invasive strategies including health and lifestyle education and exercise, that are subsumed within contemporary physical therapist practice. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sounded alarm bells throughout global health systems. Late May, 2020, over 100,000 COVID-19 related deaths were reported in the United State, the highest number of any country. This article describes COVID-19 as the next historical turning point in the physical therapy profession’s growth and development. The profession has had over a 100-year tradition of responding to epidemics including poliomyelitis; two world wars and geographical regions experiencing conflicts and natural disasters; and the epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The evidence-based role of non-invasive interventions (non-pharmacologic/non-surgical) that hallmark physical therapist practice has emerged as being highly relevant today in addressing COVID-19 in two primary ways. First, despite some unique features, COVID-19 presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in its severe acute stage. ARDS is well familiar to physical therapists in intensive care units. Body positioning and mobilization, prescribed based on comprehensive assessments/examinations, counter the negative sequelae of recumbency and bedrest; augment gas exchange and reduce airway closure, deconditioning and critical illness complications; and maximize long-term functional outcomes. Physical therapists have an indisputable role across the COVID-19 care continuum. Second, over 90% of individuals who contract and die from COVID-19 have co-morbidities, most notably cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients’ efforts when these are managed by other professionals. Effective health education is a core competency for addressing risk of COVID-19 as well as NCDs. COVID-19 is a wake-up call to the profession, an opportunity to assert its role throughout the COVID-19 care continuum and augment public health initiatives by reducing the impact of the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa115 doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa115 id: cord-299025-9bcploh4 author: Dean, Preston title: The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 2410.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299025-9bcploh4.txt summary: title: The impact of public health interventions on critical illness in the pediatric emergency department during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic STUDY OBJECTIVE: The impact of public health interventions during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic on critical illness in children has not been studied. We seek to determine the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 related public health interventions on emergency healthcare utilization and frequency of critical illness in children. Total patient visits (ED and urgent care), shock trauma suite (STS) volume, and measures of critical illness were compared between the SARS‐CoV‐2 period (December 31, 2019 to May 14, 2020) and the same period for the previous 5 years combined. Moreover, the impact of public health interventions on the timing of changes in critical illness and injury patterns in children has not been studied. The study objective is to describe the impact of public health interventions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on critical illness presenting to the PED. abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The impact of public health interventions during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic on critical illness in children has not been studied. We seek to determine the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 related public health interventions on emergency healthcare utilization and frequency of critical illness in children. METHODS: This was an interrupted time series analysis conducted at a single tertiary pediatric emergency department (PED). All patients evaluated by a provider from December 31 through May 14 of 6 consecutive years (2015‐2020) were included. Total patient visits (ED and urgent care), shock trauma suite (STS) volume, and measures of critical illness were compared between the SARS‐CoV‐2 period (December 31, 2019 to May 14, 2020) and the same period for the previous 5 years combined. A segmented regression model was used to explore differences in the 3 outcomes between the study and control period. RESULTS: Total visits, STS volume, and volume of critical illness were all significantly lower during the SARS‐CoV‐2 period. During the height of public health interventions, per day there were 151 fewer total visits and 7 fewer patients evaluated in the STS. The odds of having a 24‐hour period without a single critical patient were >5 times higher. Trends appeared to start before the statewide shelter‐in‐place order and lasted for at least 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: In a metropolitan area without significant SARS‐CoV‐2 seeding, the pandemic was associated with a marked reduction in PED visits for critical pediatric illness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838393/ doi: 10.1002/emp2.12220 id: cord-276374-i37ygb2z author: Deasy, Jacob title: Forecasting ultra-early intensive care strain from COVID-19 in England date: 2020-03-23 words: 2980.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276374-i37ygb2z.txt summary: Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). In this paper we use published COVID-19 diagnosis data for England to generate the earliest possible estimates of additional ICU demand due to infections in the coming days, based on cautious epidemiological data from the literature and under the assumption that the current increase in cases represents the exponential phase of an outbreak rather than a change in ascertainment. 19.20039057 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4: Projected regional COVID-19 ICU occupancy as a percentage of regional capacity in the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England. Our data suggests that traditional ICU capacity could be rapidly consumed over a period of approximately 14 days from the time of modelling/writing, such figures hide substantial regional heterogeneity, with London and the Midlands demonstrating the most rapid growth. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented strain on intensive care unit (ICU) admission in parts of the world. Strategies to create surge ICU capacity requires complex local and national service reconfiguration and reduction or cancellation of elective activity. Theses measures require time to implement and have an inevitable lag before additional capacity comes on-line. An accurate short-range forecast would be helpful in guiding such difficult, costly and ethically challenging decisions. At the time this work began, cases in England were starting to increase. Here we present an attempt at an agile short-range forecast based on published real-time COVID-19 case data from the seven National Health Service commissioning regions in England (East of England, London, Midlands, North East and Yorkshire, North West, South East and South West). We use a Monte Carlo approach to model the likely impact of current diagnoses on regional ICU capacity over a 14 day horizon. Our model is designed to be parsimonious and based on plausible epidemiological data from the literature available. On the basis of the modelling assumptions made, ICU occupancy is likely to increase dramatically in the the days following the time of modelling. If the current exponential growth continues, 5 out of 7 commissioning regions will have more critically ill COVID-19 patients than there are ICU beds within two weekstodo{last thing to do}. Despite variable growth in absolute patients, all commissioning regions are forecast to be heavily burdened under the assumptions used. Whilst, like any forecast model, there remain uncertainties both in terms of model specification and robust epidemiological data in this early prospective phase, it would seem that surge capacity will be required in the very near future. We hope that our model will help policy decision makers with their preparations. The uncertainties in the data highlight the urgent need for ongoing real-time surveillance to allow forecasts to be constantly updated using high quality local patient-facing data as it emerges. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20039057 id: cord-025768-tz5jajeb author: Deaton, B. James title: Food security and Canada's agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The effect of COVID‐19 on Canadian food security is examined from two different perspectives. COVID‐19 creates a unique “income shock” that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. This food insecurity can be measured by utilizing the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). More fundamentally, COVID‐19 heightens household concern about the capacity of the Canadian food system to ensure food availability. Despite surges in demand and supply chain disruptions, we currently do not observe broad, rapid appreciation in food prices. This suggests that there is an adequate supply of food for the near term. There is less certainty over intermediate and longer time periods because so many factors are in flux, particularly the rate of increases in sicknesses and deaths across the country and globally. Data on these health factors and elements of the food supply chain are needed to predict beyond a short time frame. In this regard, we discuss three ongoing considerations—ease of capital flows, international exchange, and maintaining transportation—that will help ensure food availability in the longer run. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264657/ doi: 10.1111/cjag.12227 id: cord-312036-5867bc6i author: Decker, Annegrit title: Prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding and mild course of COVID‐19 in a patient after recent heart transplantation date: 2020-06-09 words: 1943.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312036-5867bc6i.txt summary: Here, we present a 62‐year old male COVID‐19 patient with recent heart transplantation who developed only mild symptoms, but had prolonged virus shedding, and summarize the available data on COVID‐19 in cardiac allograft recipients. [5] [6] [7] Here, we report a mild course of SARS-CoV-2 infection with prolonged virus persistence in a patient only five months after heart transplantation. In fact, in 71.8 % of patients with COVID-19 after heart transplant, immunosuppressive agents have been (partially) discontinued or reduced in dose (Table 1) , thus potentially increasing the risk of organ rejection. 19 In our case, continuation of the immunosuppressant regime was associated with a mild course of COVID-19, though we observed a transient increase in CRP and IL-6. Although the cardiovascular system seems to be a critical target site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a mild course of COVID-19 is possible even in a high-risk patient after recent heart transplantation. abstract: In the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, organ transplant recipients are considered to be at high risk for unfavorable outcome. However, in particular the role of immunosuppression in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 remains undetermined. Here, we present a 62‐year old male COVID‐19 patient with recent heart transplantation who developed only mild symptoms, but had prolonged virus shedding, and summarize the available data on COVID‐19 in cardiac allograft recipients. Initially the patient presented with a transient episode of fever and sore throat but no other symptoms, in particular no cough or dyspnea at rest. After diagnosis, immunosuppression was continued unchanged. On day 7, temperature increased again with concurrent mild rise of CRP, IL‐6 and proBNP levels. Hydroxychloroquine was started and continued for 7 days. While the patient had no clinical symptoms anymore 20 days after initial presentation, virus culture of throat swabs on days 18 and 21 confirmed active virus replication and SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR remained positive on day 35 with copy numbers similar to the onset of infection. In conclusion, immunosuppression regimen in transplant recipients with mild COVID‐19 associated symptoms may be continued unchanged. However, it may contribute to delayed virus PCR conversion and thus possible prolonged infectivity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32519406/ doi: 10.1111/ajt.16133 id: cord-279138-dmhphgp5 author: Deek, Sarah A. title: Chronic Exposure to Air Pollution Implications on COVID-19 Severity date: 2020-09-28 words: 1544.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279138-dmhphgp5.txt summary: Populations in areas with higher levels of air pollution both indoors and outdoors show increased mortality rates when infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this paper, fine particulate matter (PM) is identified as a source of disrupted activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; therefore, a contributable variable to COVID-19 mortality. Populations in areas with higher levels of air pollution both indoors and outdoors show increased mortality rates when infected with coronavirus disease 2019 . In this paper, fine particulate matter (PM) is identified as a source of disrupted activation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; therefore, a contributable variable to COVID-19 mortality. Therefore, chronic exposure to fine PM may be contributable variable that disrupts HPA system activation typically associated with the altered regulation of circulating glucocorticoids resulting in inefficient or delayed immune response to COVID-19 infection. abstract: Populations in areas with higher levels of air pollution both indoors and outdoors show increased mortality rates when infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The association between air quality and COVID-19 is commonly attributed to the risk of transmission. Although controlled transmission is crucial, further investigation into air quality traits that contribute to the lethality of COVID-19 in infected persons enables risk stratification and optimization of the allocation of resources. There is a need for a valid basis for the proactive identification of indicators of COVID-19 severity in air quality that allow for the implementation of systematic environmental improvements aimed at preventing COVID-19 mortality. In this paper, fine particulate matter (PM) is identified as a source of disrupted activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; therefore, a contributable variable to COVID-19 mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110303 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110303 id: cord-304429-qmcrvufu author: Deepmala, title: Analysis and prediction of Covid-19 spreading through Bayesian modelling with a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India date: 2020-08-31 words: 3287.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304429-qmcrvufu.txt summary: This study focuses on the analysis and the prediction of the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, using logistic and Gompertz nonlinear regression model, which are accord with the statistical law of epidemiology. By using the results of the non-linear models fitted by least square estimation (LSE), we define the prior distribution of the parameters of the Bayesian non-linear models for estimating and predicting the cumulative and the daily confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases of Uttar Pradesh state. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the cumulative and the daily number of confirmed cases, deceased cases, and recovered cases of COVID-19 in Uttar Pradesh respectively and the fitted curve by the Baysian non-linear regression model using the prior information. Also, Watanabe Akaike information criterion (WAIC) is computed from the fitting of Bayesian Gompertz and logistic models to the data of the cumulative confirmed cases, cumulative deceased cases, and cumulative recovered cases of COVID-19 in UP, India. abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide. In India, COVID-19 cases increased rapidly throughout India. Various measures like awareness program, social distancing, and contact tracing have been implemented to control the COVID-19 outbreak. In the absence of any vaccine, the prediction of the confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases is required to enhance the health care system's capacity and control the transmission. In this study, the cumulative and the daily confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases in Uttar Pradesh, India, were analyzed. We used the Logistic and Gompertz non-linear regression model using a Bayesian paradigm. We build the prior distribution of the model using information obtained from some other states of India, which are already reached at the advanced stage of COVID-19. Results from the analysis indicated that the predicted maximum number of confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases will be around 1157335, 5843, and 1145829. The daily number of confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases will be maximum at 104th day, 73rd day, and 124th day from 16 June 2020. Moreover, the COVID-19 will be over probably by early-June, 2021. The analysis did not consider any changes in government control measures. We hope this study can provide some relevant information to the government and health officials. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.20180265v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20180265 id: cord-291387-04inonzh author: Deering, Thomas F. title: COllaboration is a Valuable International/Interdisciplinary Directive for Electrophysiology Progress: NOvel & Tangible Important Lessons Learned COVID-EP: NOT ILL Digital health lessons learned from the COVID experience can improve arrhythmic outcomes date: 2020-08-31 words: 2574.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291387-04inonzh.txt summary: Accordingly, the need to establish collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts, such as those being coordinated by the Alliance for Advancing Bioelectronic Medicine, 7 to accelerate digital cooperation across specialties with the goal of creating a singular message and a unified electronic vision, will be necessary if our efforts to limit the negative clinical impact of arrhythmic disease is to be successful. Accordingly, as a specialty, we should pause; contemplate and consider how we-as individuals, as institutions, and as the leading global arrhythmia societies-might apply and adapt some of the potentially vast digital approaches, adopted to fight the COVID pandemic, to transform educational efforts; augment clinical programs; expand patient access; catalyze research and ultimately improve patient outcomes. If we hope to apply successfully the lessons that we can learn from the application of digital health innovations during the COVID-19 crisis and realize the goal of generating a foundation on which we can accelerate progress in eradicating arrhythmic suffering and death, several steps are mandatory. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666693620300074 doi: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.06.003 id: cord-270654-cz2y6ta9 author: Deftereos, Spyridon G. title: The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design date: 2020-04-03 words: 2114.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270654-cz2y6ta9.txt summary: Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. Based on the aforementioned data, the question which arises is whether colchicine, administered in a relatively low dose, could potentially have an effect the patients'' clinical course by limiting the myocardial necrosis and pneumonia development in the context of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome Colchicine therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients acts on caspase-1 to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome monocyte activation abstract: OBJECTIVE: Colchicine has been utilized safely in a variety of cardiovascular clinical conditions. Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. GRECCO-19 will be a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, controlled study to assess the effects of colchicine in COVID-19 complications prevention. METHODS: Patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (under RT PCR) and clinical picture that involves temperature >37.5 oC and at least two out of the: i. sustained coughing, ii. sustained throat pain, iii. Anosmia and/or ageusia, iv. fatigue/tiredness, v. PaO2<95 mmHg will be included. Patients will be randomised (1:1) in colchicine or control group. RESULTS: Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. CONCLUSION: GRECCO-19 trial aims to identify whether colchicine may positively intervene in the clinical course of COVID-19. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326790). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1109966620300610 doi: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.03.002 id: cord-328601-gi6rr2np author: Degiorgio, Sophie title: COVID-19 related acute decline in paediatric admissions in Malta, a population-based study date: 2020-11-12 words: 1970.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328601-gi6rr2np.txt summary: This population-based study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there were any differences in numbers or characteristics of acute paediatric medical admissions during the first wave of COVID-19 in Malta compared with the corresponding 2019 period. This population-based study was carried out in order to determine whether there were any significant differences in acute paediatric admissions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malta compared to the same period in the previous year. Furthermore, on dividing all admissions into communicable (infectious) and non-communicable (non-infectious) cases following school closures, a significant difference was noted between the study and control period. There was a significant negative correlation between daily acute paediatric medical admissions and the number of active COVID-19 cases in Malta (p=0.005) ( Table 4 ). This study has demonstrated a significant drop in paediatric admissions in Malta between 2019 and 2020, which negatively correlated with Malta''s first wave of COVID-19 cases. abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has decimated non-pandemic hospital admissions worldwide. This population-based study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there were any differences in numbers or characteristics of acute paediatric medical admissions during the first wave of COVID-19 in Malta compared with the corresponding 2019 period. Methods Data was collected from Malta's only acute general hospital using health records and computer databases including iSoft Clinical Manager (ICM) and Electronic Case Summaries (ECS). Data was collected for 1/3–9/5/2019 (control period) and the corresponding 2020 period (study period). Results Acute paediatric medical admissions dropped by 63.5%. Neonates increased by 5.25% (p = 0.001). An increase in child abuse/social paediatric cases (p < 0.001) was noted. Data analysed after school closure revealed a significant drop in the number of communicable (infectious) disease admissions (p < 0.001). There was also a negative correlation between daily paediatric admissions and active COVID-19 cases in Malta (p = 0.005). No significant delay in the presentation of patients was noted and no increased admissions to the NPICU was recorded. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a decrease in paediatric illnesses due to school closures, possibly exacerbated by fear of contracting COVID-19 in hospital environments. Public health measures to alleviate guardians' concerns are important to decrease further potential avoidable consequences from the ongoing pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378220307556?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105251 id: cord-269526-3npk3u5t author: Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat title: Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-23 words: 3305.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269526-3npk3u5t.txt summary: Methods: We extracted all COVID-19 documents indexed in the Scopus from December 1, 2019, to April 1, 2020, without any language limitation and determined their bibliometric characteristics, including document type, open accessibility status, citation counting, H-index, top cited documents, the most productive countries, institutions and journals, international collaboration, the most frequent terms and keywords, journal bibliographic coupling and cocitations. The most frequent terms were COVID (n = 983 repeats), patient (n = 741 repeats), SARS-CoV (n = 593 repeats), China (n = 497 repeats), case (n = 464 repeats), nCoV (n = 417 repeats), outbreak (n = 355 repeats), infection (n = 344 repeats), novel coronavirus (n = 324 repeats), Wuhan (n = 269 repeats), Coronavirus (n =243 repeats), virus (n = 204 repeats), pneumonia (n = 195 repeats), Coronavirus disease (n = 170 repeats), treatment (n = 162 repeats), transmission (n = 158 repeats), study (n = 156 repeats), data (n = 151 repeats), country (n = 137 repeats), and epidemic (n = 136 repeats). abstract: Background: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease from Wuhan, China, in early December 2019, many scientists focused on this infection to find a way to deal with it. Due to the dramatic scientific growth in this field, we conducted a scientometric study to gain a better understanding of the scientific literature on COVID-19. Methods: We extracted all COVID-19 documents indexed in the Scopus from December 1, 2019, to April 1, 2020, without any language limitation and determined their bibliometric characteristics, including document type, open accessibility status, citation counting, H-index, top cited documents, the most productive countries, institutions and journals, international collaboration, the most frequent terms and keywords, journal bibliographic coupling and cocitations. Results: A total of 923 documents on COVID-19 were retrieved, of which 418 were original articles. All documents had received 2551 citations with an average citation of 2.76 per document and an h-index of 23. China ranked first with 348 documents, followed by the United States (n = 160). The Lancet and BMJ Clinical Research Ed published the most documents (each with 74 documents) and 2 institutions (University of Hong Kong and Huazhong University of Science and Technology) ranked first in this regard. In addition, the present study analyzed the top 25 highly-cited documents (those that had received 70% of all citations). Conclusion: This study highlighted the focused subjects on various aspects of COVID-19 literature such as pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and its complications. url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.51 doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.51 id: cord-259077-ls4h8ht5 author: Dehghani, Payam title: North American COVID-19 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NACMI) registry: Rationale, design, and implications() date: 2020-05-16 words: 3239.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259077-ls4h8ht5.txt summary: METHODS: The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). The registry will enroll patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection with concomitant ST-segment elevation or new LBBB on ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia at the time of presentation to the hospital or that developed while in the hospital. In the non-official social media platform, discussions within and eventually between a 93-member CAIC cardiologist WhatsApp group from Canada, and 49member SCAI Emerging Leader Mentorship current and former Fellow group representing most of the United States was instrumental in linking like-minded individuals resulting in refining the registry protocol as well as publishing ongoing guidance in approaching COVID-19 positive or PUI patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a global pandemic. Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease are more likely to experience severe or critical COVID-19 illness and myocardial injury is a key extra-pulmonary manifestation. These patients frequently present with ST-elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG) due to multiple etiologies including obstructive, non-obstructive, and/or angiographically normal coronary arteries. The incidence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mimics in COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients, and the association with morbidity and mortality is unknown. Understanding the natural history and appropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with ST elevation is essential to inform patient management decisions and protect healthcare workers. METHODS: The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and The Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology (CAIC) in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Interventional Council have collaborated to create a multi-center observational registry, North American COVID-19 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NACMI). This registry will enroll confirmed COVID-19 patients and persons under investigation (PUI) with new ST-segment elevation or new onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) on the ECG with clinical suspicion of myocardial ischemia. We will compare demographics, clinical findings, outcomes and management of these patients with a historical control group of over 15,000 consecutive STEMI activation patients from the Midwest STEMI Consortium using propensity matching. The primary clinical outcome will be in- hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, recurrent MI, and repeat unplanned revascularization in COVID-19 confirmed or PUI. Secondary outcomes will include the following: reporting of etiologies of ST Elevation; cardiovascular mortality due to myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest and /or shock; individual components of the primary outcome; composite primary outcome at one year; as well as ECG and angiographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: The multicenter NACMI registry will collect data regarding ST elevation on ECG in COVID-19 patients to determine the etiology and associated clinical outcomes. The collaboration and speed with which this registry has been created, refined, and promoted serves as a template for future research endeavors. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.006 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.006 id: cord-343415-lj2trn85 author: Del Barba, Paolo title: COVID‐19 cardiac involvement in a 38‐day old infant date: 2020-06-18 words: 996.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343415-lj2trn85.txt summary: We report the case of an infant who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and developed mild cardiovascular inflammation, a novelty for patients of very young age, that contributes to defining the puzzling nature of this disease in pediatric patients. 1 COVID-19 may indeed have cardiac complications, including myocarditis, 2 and up to 31% of children have myocardial enzyme elevation, mainly creatine kinase MB, despite no specific sign or symptom of clinical cardiac disease. For the first time, we report the case of an infant affected by COVID-19 with documented mild cardiac involvement. The chest computed tomograpghy scan was not performed, thus avoiding the exposure to Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 cardiac involvement should always be taken into account also in children; while our case was mild, it might be of concern especially in patients with other underlying conditions. abstract: The spectrum of clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 in children is yet to be fully elucidated. We report the case of an infant who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and developed mild cardiovascular inflammation, a novelty for patients of very young age, that contributes to defining the puzzling nature of this disease in pediatric patients. The potential cardiovascular involvement of SARS‐CoV‐2 in children should always be taken into account. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32558285/ doi: 10.1002/ppul.24895 id: cord-350059-c25md0vm author: Delgado, Diego title: Personal Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Realities and Perspectives of Healthcare Workers in Latin America † date: 2020-04-18 words: 2539.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350059-c25md0vm.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reality and perceptions about personal safety among healthcare workers practicing in countries of Latin America during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Section 2 comprised four items and was designed to evaluate access to PPE (gel hand sanitizer, disposable gloves, disposable gowns, disposable masks, N95 masks, facial protective shields), access to personal safety policies and procedures (yes or no), access to COVID-19 diagnostic and treatment algorithms (yes or no), access to telemedicine to evaluate and follow up with patients (yes or no), and institutional support with human resources in case healthcare workers are sick (10-point Likert scale; 0 = no resources, 10 = full access to resources). In this survey study of healthcare professionals working in Latin America, we reported limited access to essential personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Healthcare workers exposed to coronavirus (COVID-19) may not have adequate access to personal protective equipment (PPE), safety procedures, and diagnostic protocols. Our objective was to evaluate the reality and perceptions about personal safety among healthcare workers in Latin America. This is a cross-sectional, online survey-based study administered to 936 healthcare professionals in Latin America from 31 March 2020 to 4 April 2020. A 12-item structured questionnaire was developed. A total of 936 healthcare workers completed the online survey. Of them, 899 (95.1%) were physicians, 28 (2.9%) were nurses, and 18 (1.9%) were allied health professionals. Access to protective equipment was as follows: gel hand sanitizer (n = 889; 95%), disposable gloves (n = 853; 91.1%), disposable gowns (n = 630; 67.3%), disposable surgical masks (785; 83.9%), N95 masks (n = 516; 56.1%), and facial protective shields (n = 305; 32.6%). The vast majority (n = 707; 75.5%) had access to personal safety policies and procedures, and 699 (74.7%) participants had access to diagnostic algorithms. On a 1-to-10 Likert scale, the participants expressed limited human resources support (4.92 ± 0.2; mean ± SD), physical integrity protection in the workplace (5.5 ± 0.1; mean ± SD), and support from public health authorities (5.01 ± 0.12; mean ± SD). Healthcare workers in Latin America had limited access to essential PPE and support from healthcare authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082798 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082798 id: cord-321878-bnjupaik author: Deliwala, Smit S. title: A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) date: 2020-07-23 words: 2249.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321878-bnjupaik.txt summary: title: A 29-Year-Old Male with a Fatal Case of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) and Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) Patient: Male, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 •multi organ failure/septic shock • pneumothorax Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea • fatigue • myalgia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Mechanical ventilation • thoracentesis Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: COVID-19 patients that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) "CARDS" behave differently compared to patients with classic forms of ARDS. In previous cases of SARS patients, pneumothorax was noted at 14-37 days after the initial diagnosis [16] , suggesting that a sustained period of lung inflammation serves as a pre-requisite, a similar time course as our patient Recently a scoring system was proposed to predict the risk of developing critical illness in COVID-19, allowing early interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the high disease burden [17] . abstract: Patient: Male, 29-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 •multi organ failure/septic shock • pneumothorax Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea • fatigue • myalgia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Mechanical ventilation • thoracentesis Specialty: Critical Care Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: COVID-19 patients that develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) “CARDS” behave differently compared to patients with classic forms of ARDS. Recently 2 CARDS phenotypes have been described, Type L and Type H. Most patients stabilize at the milder form, Type L, while an unknown subset progress to Type H, resembling full-blown ARDS. If uncorrected, phenotypic conversion can induce a rapid downward spiral towards progressive lung injury, vasoplegia, and pulmonary shrinkage, risking ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) known as the “VILI vortex”. No cases of in-hospital phenotypic conversion have been reported, while ventilation strategies in these patients differ from the lung-protective approaches seen in classic ARDS. CASE REPORT: A 29-year old male was admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by severe ARDS, multi-organ failure, cytokine release syndrome, and coagulopathy during his admission. He initially resembled CARDS Type L case, although refractory hypoxemia, fevers, and a high viral burden prompted conversion to Type H within 8 days. Despite ventilation strategies, neuromuscular blockade, inhalation therapy, and vitamin C, he remained asynchronous to the ventilator with volumes and pressures beyond accepted thresholds, eventually developing a fatal tension pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: Patients that convert to Type H can quickly enter a spiral of hypoxemia, shunting, and dead-space ventilation towards full-blown ARDS. Understanding its nuances is vital to interrupting phenotypic conversion and entry into VILI vortex. Tension pneumothorax represents a poor outcome in patients with CARDS. Further research into monitoring lung dynamics, modifying ventilation strategies, and understanding response to various modes of ventilation in CARDS are required to mitigate these adverse outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32701934/ doi: 10.12659/ajcr.926136 id: cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 author: Della Rosa, Asia title: What does COVID‐19 distract us from? A migration studies perspective on the inequities of attention date: 2020-05-18 words: 280.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337796-6qs6m7h7.txt summary: key: cord-337796-6qs6m7h7 cord_uid: 6qs6m7h7 In our spaces of exclusion from wealth and rights, now absent from public discourse, it is in the camps where COVID-19 will be most deadly (Oishi and Alam 2020) , and yet migrants themselves are already being constructed as potential public health risks. These spaces of exclusion, exposure and condemnation to suffering this disease have no public health infrastructure nor hope of practising ''social distancing'' (Médecins sans Frontières 2020). These people are those whose suffering we long ago decided to distance ourselves from socially. Against ascendant and narrow nationalisms, we must respond with a mass mobilisation of care and the evacuation of these spaces of exception cum graveyards. Why don''t health care frontline professionals do more for segregated Roma? Evacuation of squalid Greek camps more urgent than ever over COVID-19 fears Discrimination as a health systems response to forced migration abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12899 doi: 10.1111/1469-8676.12899 id: cord-337220-yv7qdvzi author: Demeke, Addis title: Biosensor and molecular-based methods for the detection of human coronaviruses: A review date: 2020-09-08 words: 2215.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337220-yv7qdvzi.txt summary: This assay involves simultaneous 130 reverse transcription and isothermal amplification using loop-mediated amplification (RT-131 LAMP) for RNA, followed by Cas12 detection of predefined coronavirus sequences, after which 132 cleavage of a reporter molecule confirms detection of the E and N genes of SARS-CoV-2. Rapid lateral flow-based assays for anti-COVID-19 antibodies (IgM and IgG) are under 147 development which will play an important role in the epidemiological investigation of the 148 disease [9] . Therefore, the convalescent plasma has been used as 155 therapy for the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients [26, 27] The biosensor was developed by using a spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 immobilized onto the 237 FET graphene sheet (a two-dimensional sheet of hexagonal oriented carbon atom) with 1-pyrene 238 butyric acid N-hydroxy succinimide ester (PBASE) (Figure 1) . Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription 473 loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay abstract: The ongoing crisis due to the global pandemic caused by a highly contagious coronavirus (Coronavirus disease – 2019; COVID-19) and the lack of either proven effective therapy or a vaccine has made diagnostic a valuable tool in disease tracking and prevention. The complex nature of this newly emerging virus calls for scientists’ attention to find the most reliable, highly sensitive, and selective detection techniques for better control or spread of the disease. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serology-based tests are currently being used. However, the speed and accuracy of these tests may not meet the current demand; thus, alternative technology platforms are being developed. Nano biosensor technology platforms have been established as a promising diagnostic tool for rapid and accurate detection of viruses as well as other life-threatening diseases even in resource-limited settings. This review aims to provide a short overview of recent advancements in molecular and biosensor-based diagnosis of viruses, including the human coronaviruses, and highlight the challenges and future perspectives of these detection technologies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101662 doi: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101662 id: cord-196129-3zfeamgs author: Demertzis, Konstantinos title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The"Greek"case in the Global Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 words: 5639.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-196129-3zfeamgs.txt summary: Focusing on the peculiarities of the disease spreading in Greece, both in epidemiological and in implementation terms, this paper applies an exploratory analysis of COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposes a methodological approach for the modeling and prediction of the disease based on the Regression Splines algorithm and the change rate of the total infections. Within this context, this paper applies an exploratory analysis of COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposes a methodological approach for the modeling and prediction of the disease based on the Regression Splines algorithm and the change rate of the total infections. This paper studied the COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposed an innovative, realistic, and highly reliable methodology for forecasting the flattening of the curve, based on the spline and logistic regression algorithm, along with the complex network analysis. abstract: The global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in conjunction with the economic consequences and the collapse of health systems, has raised serious concerns in Europe, which is the most affected continent by the pandemic since it recorded 2,388,694 cases and 190,091 deaths (39.6% of the worldwide total), of which 71.7% (136,238) are in the United Kingdom (43,414), Italy (34,708), France (29,778), and Spain (28,338). Unlike other countries, Greece, with about 310 confirmed cases and 18 deaths per million, is one bright exception in the study and analysis of this phenomenon. Focusing on the peculiarities of the disease spreading in Greece, both in epidemiological and in implementation terms, this paper applies an exploratory analysis of COVID-19 temporal spread in Greece and proposes a methodological approach for the modeling and prediction of the disease based on the Regression Splines algorithm and the change rate of the total infections. Also, it proposes a hybrid spline regression and complex network model of social distance measures evaluating and interpreting the spread of the disease. The overall approach contributes to decision making and support of the public health system and to the fight against the pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12040v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-326718-jboiufoq author: Deming, Meagan E. title: COVID-19 and Lessons to Be Learned from Prior Coronavirus Outbreaks date: 2020-07-17 words: 2539.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326718-jboiufoq.txt summary: In addition, three novel CoVs have emerged as zoonotic human infections in the past 17 years; SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) (2) have each been associated with lower respiratory symptoms, progressing in a subset of individuals to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Interestingly NL63, an hCoV that also uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 as the host receptor, but typically causes mild upper respiratory disease, was the cause of a cluster of severe pediatric pneumonias in China in 2018, during which half of the patients were identified with viruses containing a specific substitution in the spike glycoprotein that enhanced binding to and entry via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (4). It can be hypothesized that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, with its PERSPECTIVE structural similarity and higher affinity binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2, provokes a similar mechanism of lung pathology leading to ARDS with severe COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1513/annalsats.202002-149ps doi: 10.1513/annalsats.202002-149ps id: cord-277576-3dvt6uj7 author: Demir, Erol title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter experience in Istanbul date: 2020-07-13 words: 2243.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277576-3dvt6uj7.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Management of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients should include treatment of the infection, regulation of immunosuppression, and supportive therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Although uremia and kidney transplantation are not considered a risk factor in COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 often causes a moderate or severe infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. 2, 4, 5 To the best of our knowledge, the use of favipiravir and anakinra in the treatment of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients has not been previously reported. In conclusion, COVID-19 has been seen to more commonly cause moderate or severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients, possibly due to immunosuppressive therapy. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Management of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients should include treatment of the infection, regulation of immunosuppression, and supportive therapy. However, there is no consensus on this issue yet. This study aimed to our experiences with kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID‐19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified as having moderate or severe pneumonia for the analysis. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. The secondary endpoints were acute kidney injury, the average length of hospital stay, admission to intensive care, and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Forty patients were reviewed retrospectively over a follow‐up period of 32 days after being diagnosed with COVID‐19. Cough, fever, and dyspnea were the most frequent symptoms in all patients. The frequency of previous induction and rejection therapy was significantly higher in the group with severe pneumonia compared to the moderate pneumonia group. None of the patients using cyclosporine A developed severe pneumonia. Five patients died during follow‐up in the intensive care unit. None of the patients developed graft loss during follow‐up. DISCUSSION: COVID‐19 has been seen to more commonly cause moderate or severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. Immunosuppression should be carefully reduced in these patients. Induction therapy with lymphocyte‐depleting agents should be carefully avoided in kidney transplant recipients during the pandemic period. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13371 doi: 10.1111/tid.13371 id: cord-350390-ukoi8jyg author: Demkina, A. E. title: Risk factors for outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an observational study of 795 572 patients in Russia date: 2020-11-04 words: 4092.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350390-ukoi8jyg.txt summary: Objective To investigate the impact of factors including whether COVID-19 was clinically or laboratory-diagnosed, influenza vaccination, former or current tuberculosis, HIV, and other comorbidities on the hospitalized patients'' outcomes. According to the previously published data, age, male sex, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular diseases increased the length of hospital stay, the risk of death, and transfer to the ICU. Conclusions Influenza vaccination could reduce the severity of the hospitalized patients'' clinical outcomes, including mortality, regardless of age, social, and economic group. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors including ICD-10 code, influenza vaccination, TB and HIV comorbidities that could impact on the length of a hospital stay, ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirements in relation with COVID-19 mortality on a nation-level sample of 541 377 subjects with completed inpatient treatment. abstract: Background Several factors that could affect survival and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients require larger studies and closer attention. Objective To investigate the impact of factors including whether COVID-19 was clinically or laboratory-diagnosed, influenza vaccination, former or current tuberculosis, HIV, and other comorbidities on the hospitalized patients' outcomes. Design Observational nationwide cohort study. Patients All subjects, regardless of age, admitted to 4,251 Russian hospitals indexed in the Federal Register of COVID-19 patients between March 26, 2020, and June 3, 2020. All included patients for which complete clinical data were available were divided into two cohorts, with laboratory- and clinically verified COVID-19. Measurements We analyzed patients' age and sex, COVID-19 ICD-10 code, the length of the hospital stay, and whether they required ICU treatment or invasive mechanical ventilation. The other variables for analysis were: verified diagnosis of pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the endocrine system, cancer/malignancy, HIV, tuberculosis, and the data on influenza vaccination in the previous six months. Results This study enrolled 705,572 COVID-19 patients aged from 0 to 121 years, 50.4% females. 164,195 patients were excluded due to no confirmed COVID-19 (n=143,357) or insufficient and invalid clinical data (n=20,831). 541,377 participants were included in the study, 413,950 (76.5%) of them had laboratory-verified COVID-19, and 127,427 patients (23.5%) with the clinical verification. Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.76), mechanical ventilation requirement (OR 0.74), and the risk of death (HR 0.77). TB increased the mortality risk (HR 1.74) but reduced the likelihood of transfer to the ICU (OR 0.27). HIV comorbidity significantly increased the risks of transfer to the ICU (OR 2.46) and death (HR 1.60). Patients with the clinically verified COVID-19 had a shorter duration of hospital stay (HR 1.45) but a higher risk of mortality (HR 1.08) and the likelihood of being ventilated (OR 1.36). According to the previously published data, age, male sex, endocrine disorders, and cardiovascular diseases increased the length of hospital stay, the risk of death, and transfer to the ICU. Limitations The study did not include a control group of subjects with no COVID-19. Because of that, some of the identified factors could not be specific for COVID-19. Conclusions Influenza vaccination could reduce the severity of the hospitalized patients' clinical outcomes, including mortality, regardless of age, social, and economic group. The other factors considered in the study did not reduce the assessed risks, but we observed several non-trivial associations that may optimize the management of COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224253 id: cord-132120-u5s5heqm author: Dempsey, Walter title: The Hypothesis of Testing: Paradoxes arising out of reported coronavirus case-counts date: 2020-05-21 words: 8195.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-132120-u5s5heqm.txt summary: While expanded testing is a laudable goal, selection bias will impact estimates of disease prevalence and the effective reproduction number until the entire population is sampled. Fourth, we show that cross-country comparisons are difficult at best with population size, sampling fraction, and data quality all interacting to impact null hypothesis testing. This points to a critical issue in the current media practices in communication of case-count data: two countries with the same testing strategy (i.e., E I [ρ I,Y ] equal) can yield wildly different estimates due to population size. Supposing COVID-19 positive individuals are 2 times more likely to get tested than those individuals who are COVID-19 negative, the question is "What is the sample size from a SRS that would yield equivalent MSE in the estimated prevalence?" Using the above MSE result, Meng showed the effective sample size is equal to n ef f ≤ abstract: Many statisticians, epidemiologists, economists and data scientists have registered serious reservations regarding the reported coronavirus case-counts. Limited testing capacity across the country has been widely identified as a key driver of suppressed coronavirus case-counts. The calls to increase testing capacity are well-justified as they become a more frequent point of discussion in the public sphere. While expanded testing is a laudable goal, selection bias will impact estimates of disease prevalence and the effective reproduction number until the entire population is sampled. Moreover, tests are imperfect as false positive/negative rates interact in complex ways with selection bias. In this paper, we attempt to clarify this interaction. Through simple calculations, we demonstrate pitfalls and paradoxes that can arise when considering case-count data in the presence of selection bias and measurement error. The discussion guides several suggestions on how to improve current case-count reporting. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10425v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-343325-cbrly7f5 author: Denault, André Y. title: A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure date: 2020-05-21 words: 4025.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343325-cbrly7f5.txt summary: title: A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure We propose a management algorithm that combines the respiratory rate and oxygenation index with bedside lung ultrasound examination and monitoring that could help determine earlier the requirement for intubation and other surveillance of COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. His phenotype changed from an H-type to an (D) L-type (courtesy of Dr. Emmanuel Charbonney and Dr. Lawrence Leroux) Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 respiratory failure therapy with a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with an increased fraction of inspired oxygen (F I O 2 ). 51 Lung ultrasound can also impact clinical decision-making in patients with acute respiratory failure 52, 53 and provide comprehensive monitoring of regional lung aeration changes that could be used to predict response to prone positioning with improved right (Figs 6 and 7) [54] [55] [56] or higher positive end-expiratory pressure strategy. abstract: Pulmonary complications are the most common clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). From recent clinical observation, two phenotypes have emerged: a low elastance or L-type and a high elastance or H-type. Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, pulmonary mechanics, radiological and ultrasound findings of these two phenotypes are different. Consequently, the therapeutic approach also varies between the two. We propose a management algorithm that combines the respiratory rate and oxygenation index with bedside lung ultrasound examination and monitoring that could help determine earlier the requirement for intubation and other surveillance of COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6 doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6 id: cord-298163-220l6xhq author: Deng, Chu-Xia title: Glucocorticoids save lives in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-07 words: 935.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298163-220l6xhq.txt summary: Recent studies showed that glucocorticoid drugs, which are easily available as pills on pharmacy shelves worldwide, could save lives of COVID-19 patients. These observations provide experimental and clinical evidence that medium-to-low-dose glucocorticoids may play a protective role in the respiratory and digestive systems by activating ACE2 and suppressing cytokine storm. This work, entitled "Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels" is now published in the current issue of IJBS [3] . The inhibition of glucocorticoids to production of IL-6 certainly serves as a good predictive value for suppressing cytokine storm for COVID-19 patients at severe-to-critical stages. believed that up-regulation of ACE2 by glucocorticoids in the patients with severe or critical condition may also serve as a life-saving mechanism in addition to their role in suppressing cytokine storm [3] . Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels abstract: Recent studies showed that glucocorticoid drugs, which are easily available as pills on pharmacy shelves worldwide, could save lives of COVID-19 patients. With the swiftly increasing infections of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at a lethality rate of about 4.7% countless lives may be saved globally. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.49125 doi: 10.7150/ijbs.49125 id: cord-330126-sny9w9y8 author: Deng, Fuxue title: Corticosteroids in diabetes patients infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 1151.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330126-sny9w9y8.txt summary: A large national analysis investigating the comorbidity and its effect on 1590 patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals around mainland China showed that diabetes (8.2%) is the second most prevalent comorbidity following hypertension (16.9%), and its hazard ratio (HR) is 1.59 with 95% confidence interval (CI) between 1.03 and 2.45 after adjusting for age and smoking status [1] . An analysis of medical history, symptoms and signs, demographic data, and laboratory and CT results from 174 consecutive patients with COVID-19 revealed that diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19 and a poor prognostic predictor of the disease [2] . Therefore, patients with diabetes and prediabetes who were infected with COVID-19 are a huge population in China and need close attention and care in treatment. An Expert Consensus on the Use of Corticosteroid in Patients with 2019-nCoV Pneumonia in China mentioned the dispute and controversy about corticosteroid usage for patients with COVID-19 and suggested that glucocorticoids should be administered with caution. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588377/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02287-3 id: cord-331947-s97h7sxj author: Deng, H.-J. title: Cytokine biomarkers of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 3950.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331947-s97h7sxj.txt summary: Cytokines that can classify populations in different states of SARS-CoV-2 infection were first screened in cross-sectional serum samples from 184 subjects by 2 statistical analyses. Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. Further searching led to a single cytokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which classified severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 97.9% under a cutoff value of 1128 pg/ml. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 doi: medRxiv preprint Cross-sectional serum samples were obtained from 184 subjects, including 37 healthy controls, 37 asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-PCR, 97 nonsevere or moderate COVID-19 inpatients, and 13 severe COVID -19 patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 infection, including healthy controls and asymptomatic infection, nonsevere and severe COVID-19 patients, might be involved in the immune or inflammatory response induced by the virus. abstract: We used a new strategy to screen cytokines associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cytokines that can classify populations in different states of SARS-CoV-2 infection were first screened in cross-sectional serum samples from 184 subjects by 2 statistical analyses. The resultant cytokines were then analyzed for their interrelationships and fluctuating features in sequential samples from 38 COVID-19 patients. Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. This model discriminated healthy individuals and asymptomatic and nonsevere patients with accuracy of 77.4% but was not successful in classifying severe patients. Further searching led to a single cytokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which classified severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 97.9% under a cutoff value of 1128 pg/ml. The level of this cytokine did not increase in nonsevere patients but was significantly elevated in severe patients. Considering its potent antiinflammatory function, we suggest that HGF might be a new candidate therapy for critical COVID-19. In addition, our new strategy provides not only a rational and effective way to focus on certain cytokine biomarkers for infectious diseases but also a new opportunity to probe the modulation of cytokines in the immune response. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.31.20118315v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315 id: cord-262936-yo6jf3ng author: Deng, Jia-gang title: Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: 2941.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262936-yo6jf3ng.txt summary: This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the research team of GXUCM responded actively, and the application for two special science and technology projects to prevent and control pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Guangxi in 2020 was approved, including Sino-Singapore cooperation for evaluating the effectiveness and application of Guangxi Zhuang/Yao medicines against In summary, this paper manly contents achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advance of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. abstract: Members of the China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research used the video conference platform to exchange and discuss the advantages of traditional medicine through the form of score exchange and report, and research and develop the amount and issues of the therapeutic COVID-19 products of concern. This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. The authors believe that the declaration of the (10+3) special meeting of national leaders on epidemic prevention and control should raise the medical and pharmaceutical issues of common concern. It is the responsibility of our joint laboratory members to accelerate the development of traditional medicine research and industry. Also the authors believe that this exchange will certainly promote the development of the cause of cooperation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674638420300484?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.003 id: cord-300559-vuuxthx2 author: Deng, Ming title: Obesity as a Potential Predictor of Disease Severity in Young COVID‐19 Patients: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-06-29 words: 4164.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300559-vuuxthx2.txt summary: Logistic regression analysis showed that male, high body mass index (especially obesity), elevated fasting blood glucose and urinary protein positive are all risk factors for severe young COVID‐19 patients. The analysis showed that a high body mass index (especially obesity), an elevated FBG level, an elevated LDH level, and urinary protein positivity were all risk factors for severe COVID-19 in these young patients. A recently published study from China also showed that in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease patients, obesity can increase the risk for severe COVID-19 by about 6-fold [22] . Notably, in the present study, all of the severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients were males, an observation which may also be related to the distribution of obesity in China. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the indicators for severity in young COVID‐19 patients age between 18 to 40. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study includes 65 consecutively admitted COVID‐19 patients age between 18 to 40 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Among them, 53 were moderate cases, 12 were severe or critical cases. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment data were collected. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to explore risk factors. RESULTS: The severe/critical cases have obviously higher BMI (average 29.23 vs. 22.79kg/m(2)) and lower liver CT value (average 50.00 vs. 65.00mU) than moderate cases group. The severe/critical cases have higher fasting glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , and creatinine (Cr) compared with moderate cases (All P<0.01) . More severe/critical cases (58.33% vs. 1.92%) have positive urine protein. The severe/critical cases will experience a significant process of serum albumin decline. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, high body mass index (especially obesity), elevated fasting blood glucose and urinary protein positive are all risk factors for severe young COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSION: Obesity is an important predictor of severity in young COVID‐19 patients. The main mechanism is related to the damage of liver and kidney. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22943 doi: 10.1002/oby.22943 id: cord-338005-kbkvk94k author: Deng, Qing title: Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study date: 2020-07-14 words: 4108.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338005-kbkvk94k.txt summary: title: Semiquantitative lung ultrasound scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a single-center study CONCLUSION: Our scoring system provides a more quantitative use of LUS findings and accurate evaluation of lung damage for critically ill patients with COVID-19. The timely and accurate evaluation of lung lesions is very important in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and chest computed tomography (CT) is considered the ''gold-standard'' imaging technique (9) . In this study, by analyzing ultrasonic data in 128 cases, we aimed to summarize the findings of LUS and to explore the value of semiquantitative LUS scores in the evaluation and follow-up of critically ill patients with COVID-19. We used an LUS score for the first time, to our knowledge, to evaluate and follow-up pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Our study showed that semiquantitative LUS scores were highly correlated with chest CT scores and could be effectively used to evaluate the lung lesions of patients with severe pneumonia. abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Chest CT is not suitable for critically ill patients with COVID-19 and lung ultrasound (LUS) may play an important role for these patients. In this study, we summarized the findings of LUS and explore the value of semiquantitative LUS scores in evaluation and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively studied the LUS and chest CT imaging of 128 critically ill patients with COVID-19. The imaging data were reviewed to acquire the LUS and CT scores. The correlation between LUS scores and CT scores were made to evaluate the accuracy of LUS. A cut-off point of LUS score was calculated to distinguish critical-type patients from severe-type patients. LUS follow-up of 72 patients were compared with the gold standard chest CT. RESULTS: The most common LUS features of COVID-19 pneumonia were crowded or coalescent B-lines with multifocal small consolidations in multi-zone. The mean LUS score was 8.1 points in severe-type patients and 15.7 points in critical-type patients (P<0.05). The correlation between LUS scores and CT scores was high (r=0.891, p<0.01) and it was higher in critical-type patients than that in severe-type patients. The LUS score higher than 10.5 points had a 97.4% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity to distinguish critical-type patients. The consistency of LUS and chest CT in follow-up was 0.596, with higher consistency in diagnosis of lesion progression (Kappa values was 0.774). CONCLUSION: Our scoring system provides a more quantitative use of LUS findings and accurate evaluation of lung damage for critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713715/ doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.002 id: cord-289919-iqa5pxda author: Deng, Shichang title: Perceived Severity of COVID-19 and Post-pandemic Consumption Willingness: The Roles of Boredom and Sensation-Seeking date: 2020-09-16 words: 6547.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289919-iqa5pxda.txt summary: Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. We suggest that after the COVID-19 pandemic is effectively controlled, people are highly likely to engage in a variety of consumption activities precisely because shopping is a complex stimulus that can relieve consumers'' boredom state (Sundström et al., 2019) and satisfy their sensation-seeking needs (Punj, 2011; Deng and Gao, 2015) . Study 1 aims to use the questionnaire modeling method to test H1 and H2 (i.e., whether perceived severity of COVID-19 increased ones'' post-pandemic consumption willingness through the mediating roles of boredom from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic restricts people’s activities and makes consumer businesses suffered. This study explored the relationship between the perceived severity of COVID-19 and the post-pandemic consumption willingness. Study 1 surveyed 1464 Chinese people in March 2020, found the perceived severity of COVID-19 during the pandemic significantly increased the willingness to consume post-pandemic, and boredom stemming from limited activities and sensation-seeking expressions mediated this effect. Study 2 conducted an experiment with 174 participants in August 2020, found a high level of perceived severity of COVID-19 and the experience of life tedium during the pandemic significantly increased individuals’ impulsive buying tendencies after the pandemic. The results suggested the level of perceived severity of COVID-19 may influence people’s post-pandemic consumption patterns. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567784 id: cord-271813-nroflfmc author: Deng, Wang title: Positive results for patients with COVID-19 discharged form hospital in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-19 words: 2423.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271813-nroflfmc.txt summary: METHODS: In the study, 576 patients with COVID-19 discharged from hospital in Chongqing, China from January 24, 2020, to March 10, 2020 were evaluated by viral nucleic acid tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) to determine if they could be released from quarantine. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-site screening of SARS-CoV-2 including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, stool and sputum specimens could be considered to improve the diagnosis, treatment and infection control in patients with COVID-19. Among them, 61 patients had positive results of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, which provided the important information and clinical evidence for the improved management of patients recovered from COVID-19. The study revealed the clinical features of recovered patients with the recurrence of positive results of SARS-CoV-2.Multi-site screening including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, stool and sputum specimens could be considered to improve the diagnosis, treatment and infection control in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, over 80,000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been confirmed in China. With the increasing number of recovered patients, more attention should be paid to the follow-up of these patients. METHODS: In the study, 576 patients with COVID-19 discharged from hospital in Chongqing, China from January 24, 2020, to March 10, 2020 were evaluated by viral nucleic acid tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) to determine if they could be released from quarantine. Among the 576 patients, 61 patients (10.6%) had positive RT-PCR test results of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to analyze the demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment of 61 patients. RESULTS: These positive patients were characterized by older age, chronic medical illness and mild conditions. 38 (62.3%) patients who were asymptomatic without abnormalities on chest radiographs were found in the positive with COVID-19. Also, they showed positive results of stool or sputum specimens with negative results of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The median duration of positive result of SARS-CoV-2 was varied from 3 days to 35 days in the patients discharged from hospital with no family member infection. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-site screening of SARS-CoV-2 including nasal and pharyngeal swabs, stool and sputum specimens could be considered to improve the diagnosis, treatment and infection control in patients with COVID-19. Our findings provide the important information and clinical evidence for the improved management of patients recovered from COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560694/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05151-y id: cord-312434-yx24golq author: Deng, Ziqin title: Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Human Coronaviruses: Prospects and Implications for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-09-23 words: 6219.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312434-yx24golq.txt summary: Here, we apply bibliometric analysis along with visualization tools to analyze 15,207 publications related to human coronavirus from the Scopus database, using indicators on publication and citation, journal, country or territory, affiliation and international cooperation, author, and keyword co-occurrence cluster. Therefore, in order to accurately, effectively and systematically reveal connections within the human coronavirus field, our study applied bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze human coronaviruses-related publications and citations, countries and affiliations, as well as journal performance, author impact and keyword cooccurrence cluster. According to these keywords, human coronavirus diseases like "SARS, " "MERS" and COVID-19 may have something worthwhile for comparison with other "infectious diseases" like "influenza" in their epidemiological characteristics; "healthcare workers, " "transmission, " "surveillance, " "quarantine, " or "isolation" may be the focuses of these studies, which can help to promote current disease control and prevention measures. abstract: Human coronaviruses, which can cause a range of infectious diseases, have been studied for nearly 60 years. The field has gained renewed interest from researchers around the world due to the COVID-19 outbreak in late 2019. Despite a large amount of research, little is known about the knowledge structure and developing trends of this topic. Here, we apply bibliometric analysis along with visualization tools to analyze 15,207 publications related to human coronavirus from the Scopus database, using indicators on publication and citation, journal, country or territory, affiliation and international cooperation, author, and keyword co-occurrence cluster. The results show that research on human coronavirus is dominated by SARS-CoV. Although there have been many publications, only 626 publications (4.1% of total) have more than 100 citations. The top 20 journals with most publications account for 20.6% of total publications and 41% of total citations. In addition to the United States and some European countries, many Asian and African countries are involved in this research, with China holding an important position in this area. Leading researchers from various fields of human coronavirus research are listed to facilitate collaboration and promote effective disease prevention and control. The keywords co-occurrence analysis reveals that the research focus on virology, public health, drugs and other hotspot fields, and uncovers changes in the direction of coronavirus research. The research map on human coronavirus obtained by our analysis are expected to help researchers to efficiently and effectively explore COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.581404 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581404 id: cord-258844-b4d79m1f author: Denning, M. title: DETERMINANTS OF BURNOUT AND OTHER ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY date: 2020-07-18 words: 3793.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258844-b4d79m1f.txt summary: Methods From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49-2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.84), and other clinical staff (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45-2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92-6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04-5.42). This study aims to describe the prevalence and predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey consisted of four parts; demographic questions followed by 3 validated psychometric instruments; the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. abstract: Background The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. Methods From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Results Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49-2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.84), and other clinical staff (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45-2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92-6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04-5.42). Factors significantly protective for burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51-0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22-0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.16.20155622v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155622 id: cord-336822-cw37jrt2 author: Dennison Himmelfarb, Cheryl R. title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Implications for Cardiovascular and Socially At-risk Populations date: 2020-05-06 words: 2261.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336822-cw37jrt2.txt summary: Dennison Himmelfarb and Baptiste discuss the implications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for cardiovascular and socially at-risk populations COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the newly discovered pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, a novel RNA-dependent RNA polymerase betacoronavirus that is thought to derive from bats At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 The best way to prevent and slow transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads There is substantial concern that socially at-risk persons and those with cardiovascular conditions could experience delays in seeking healthcare as a result of self-isolation, low health and digital literacy, or lack of a primary care medical home. As information about COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, it is imperative that healthcare providers reinforce the general prevention guidelines in addition to recommendations for persons with cardiovascular disease by the American Heart Association, Heart Failure Society of America, and American College of Cardiology. abstract: Dennison Himmelfarb and Baptiste discuss the implications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for cardiovascular and socially at-risk populations COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the newly discovered pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, a novel RNA-dependent RNA polymerase betacoronavirus that is thought to derive from bats At this time, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19 The best way to prevent and slow transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads url: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000710 doi: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000710 id: cord-277801-auq3msc6 author: Deora, Harsh title: Adapting Neurosurgery Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The Indian Subcontinent date: 2020-07-15 words: 4978.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277801-auq3msc6.txt summary: Material and Methods An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. Suspension of elective procedures, severe curtailment of the regular outpatient appointments, drastic modifications of the normal OPD/OR practices and apprehensions related to inadequacy of safety provided by PPE usage and financial losses of private establishments were some of the visible themes in our survey results. abstract: ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the practice of neurosurgery. Significant resources have been dedicated to it. The pandemic in the Indian subcontinent, when compared to the rest of the world, is relatively delayed. The neurosurgical practice cannot remain unaffected by hugely disruptive measures such as a lockdown. The inevitable rise in covid infections with its gradual relaxation continues to pose a risk for health care providers. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate whether the pandemic has had a discernible effect on the same especially in terms of practice modifications in private establishments and publicly funded hospitals, the emotional impact on the surgeon, and the influence of social media on the psyche of the surgeon. Material and Methods An online questionnaire-based survey was prepared, with questions related to the COVID specific themes of precautions taken in outpatient services and operation theaters, the influence of social media, the economic loss incurred, and the perceptible impact of telemedicine and webinars. The links to the survey were mailed to neurosurgeons in private and public practice all over the country. The responses were anonymized to ensure free and unbiased answers to the survey questions. Results A total of 176 responses were received from all over the Indian Sub-Continent. The median age of respondents was 39years (range 32-70 yrs) and the post-residency experience was 7years (range 0-34 yrs). Respondents were an equitable mix of public and private practitioners. 46% of the respondents were practicing restricted outpatient services, more in public institutions (p=0.22) which also had a higher incidence of tele-outpatient services(26% vs 17%). Wearing surgical masks, N-95 masks, and gloves were the most commonly practised precautionary measures in outpatient services(>60%). While private practitioners were continuing elective cases(40%), public institutes were more cautious with only emergencies being operated(29%). The greatest fear among all practitioners was passing the infection to the family (75%). Social media was helpful for brainstorming queries and updating practice modifications, but some surgeons admitted to receiving threats upon social media platforms(37.5%). Depression and economic losses were palpable for approximately 30% neurosurgeons. Conclusion The survey highlights the perception of the neurosurgeons towards the pandemic and the difference in public-private practice. Suspension of elective procedures, severe curtailment of the regular outpatient appointments, drastic modifications of the normal OPD/OR practices and apprehensions related to inadequacy of safety provided by PPE usage and financial losses of private establishments were some of the visible themes in our survey results. Though telemedicine has not been as widely adopted as expected, yet online education has been favourably received. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.038 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.038 id: cord-258011-19yfwvki author: Deprest, Jan title: SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable? date: 2020-04-22 words: 2087.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258011-19yfwvki.txt summary: 10 From a fetal intervention perspective, we need to appreciate that doing an invasive procedure in a SARS-CoV2 positive woman potentially increases the risk of vertical transmission, similar to what was observed in HIV positive women prior to the introduction of antiviral therapies. With open fetal surgery, the risk of mother-child transmission is likely higher than with needle and fetoscopic procedures as the fetus is exposed to more maternal blood and the fetal skin integrity is usually breached in these interventions. SARS-CoV2 negative patients planned to undergo fetal intervention should be informed that exposure to healthcare professionals, other patients or hospital staff increases their risk of contracting the virus. 5 The risk for an asymptomatic SARS-CoV2-positive pregnant mother to progress to overt COVID-19 disease is unknown, though most sources quote it as ''low'' and not higher than health-and age-equivalent women. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: Even though the global COVID‐19 pandemic may affect how medical care is delivered in general, most countries try to maintain steady access for women to routine pregnancy care, including fetal anomaly screening. This means that, also during this pandemic, fetal anomalies will be detected, and that discussions regarding invasive genetic testing and possibly fetal therapy will need to take place. For patients, concerns about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus 2 will add to the anxiety caused by the diagnosis of a serious fetal anomaly. Yet, also for fetal medicine teams the situation gets more complex as they must weigh up the risks and benefits to the fetus as well as the mother, while managing a changing evidence base and logistic challenges in their healthcare system. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5702 doi: 10.1002/pd.5702 id: cord-293055-8scoocvx author: Deressa, W. title: Availability of personal protective equipment and satisfaction of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia date: 2020-11-03 words: 7089.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293055-8scoocvx.txt summary: Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported availability and use of PPE as well as satisfaction level of HCPs practicing in public hospitals in Addis Ababa during the current COVID-19 pandemic. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 shows the satisfaction level of HCPs with regard to the current availability and use of PPE in the study hospitals, and 54.7% (n=584) and 17.5% (n=187) of the respondents reported that they were unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied with the availability of PPE, respectively. abstract: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at the frontline in the fight against COVID-19 and are at an increased risk of becoming infected with coronavirus. Risk of infection can be minimized by use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE). This study assessed the availability of PPE and satisfaction of HCPs in six public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 9th to 26th June 2020. The study hospitals included: Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Ghandi Memorial Hospital, Menelik II Hospital, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College and St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with the satisfaction level of healthcare workers with regard to the availability and use of proper PPE during the current COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,134 (92.3%) valid questionnaires from a possible 1,228 were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 30.26 (6.43) year and 52.6% were females. Nurses constituted about 40% of the overall sample, followed by physicians (22.2%), interns (10.8%), midwives (10.3%) and others (16.7%). An overall shortage of PPE was reported in all study hospitals. The majority (77%) of the healthcare professionals reported that their hospital did not have adequate PPE. A critical shortage of N95 respirator was particularly reported, the self-reported availability of N95 increased from 13% to 24% before and during COVID-19, respectively. The self-reported use of N95 increased from 9% to 21% before and during COVID-19, respectively. Almost 72% of the respondents were dissatisfied with the availability of PPE in their hospital. The independent predictors of the respondents satisfaction level about PPE were male gender (adjusted OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.05-1.85), healthcare workers who reported that PPE was adequately available in the hospital (adjusted OR=7.53, 95% CI:5.08-11.16), and preparedness to provide care to COVID-19 cases (adjusted OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.22-2.12). A critical shortage of appropriate PPE both before and during COVID-19 was identified. The high level of dissatisfaction with the availability of PPE might potentially lead to a lower level of preparedness and readiness to fight against COVID-19. Therefore, urgent efforts are needed to adequately supply the healthcare facilities with appropriate PPE to alleviate the challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223149 id: cord-287957-diyz54qy author: Deriba, Berhanu Senbeta title: Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities date: 2020-10-13 words: 4256.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287957-diyz54qy.txt summary: title: Patient Satisfaction and Associated Factors During COVID-19 Pandemic in North Shoa Health Care Facilities Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among chronic patients who had a follow-up in North Shoa healthcare facilities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic among chronic patients who had follow-up at public health facilities in the North Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Patients who maintained and observed better social distancing at the registration place, waiting for the outpatient department, laboratory, and pharmacy services as a means of the COVID-19 prevention in the healthcare facilities were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. Availability of sign and direction indicators, availability of ordering drugs, social distancing status in the healthcare facility, availability of alcohol, and sanitizer for hand cleaning at the healthcare facility entrance to prevent and control COVID-19 were factors associated with the satisfaction of patients with chronic diseases. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is an indicator of healthcare quality service and involved as an outcome measure. Quality of healthcare service and patient satisfaction has been affected by the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It induced uncertainness and shortage of medical supplies due to a limited global movement. Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and associated factors among chronic patients who had a follow-up in North Shoa healthcare facilities. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was used to select 410 study participants through a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, entered into Epi Info version 7, and transported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the factors associated with satisfaction. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed, and p-value <0.05 was considered statistical significance in the multivariable model. RESULTS: The overall level of patient satisfaction was 44.6%. The presence of sign and direction indicators (AOR=3.26, 95% CI=1.1, 9.92), obtaining some ordered drugs (AOR=3.7, 95% CI=1.1, 12.54), getting alcohol for hand cleaning (AOR=2.66, 95% CI=1.1,6.65), obtaining sanitizer for hand cleaning (AOR=4.45, 95% CI=1.72,11.52), and maintaining social distancing (AOR=2.63, 95% CI=1.21, 5.70) were factors associated with patient’s satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The level of patient satisfaction was very low during a COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of sign and direction indicators, availability of drugs, social distancing, availability of alcohol, and sanitizer were factors associated with patient satisfaction. The intervention targeted at increasing patient satisfaction and improving the quality of service during COVID-19 through maintaining social distancing and availing alcohol or sanitizers is necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116436/ doi: 10.2147/ppa.s276254 id: cord-319022-1twsxzcd author: Desai, Antonio title: The role of anti-hypertensive treatment, comorbidities and early introduction of LMWH in the setting of COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study in Northern Italy() date: 2020-09-25 words: 2874.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319022-1twsxzcd.txt summary: BACKGROUND: There is a great deal of debate about the role of cardiovascular comorbidities and the chronic use of antihypertensive agents (such as ACE-I and ARBs) on mortality on COVID-19 patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of chronic treatment with ACE-I or ARBs and other clinical predictors on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. As for today, there are discordant results regarding the use of either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) as for their possible impact on COVID-19 mortality. We found that ACE-I, which acts by inhibiting the conversion from angiotensin I to angiotensin II, showed a trend in protecting from mortality from COVID-19 and was significant in delaying mortality as shown by multivariate Cox regression analysis unlike ARBs, which antagonize the effects of angiotensin II on its receptors 2,3 . Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a great deal of debate about the role of cardiovascular comorbidities and the chronic use of antihypertensive agents (such as ACE-I and ARBs) on mortality on COVID-19 patients. Of note, ACE2 is responsible for the host cell entry of the virus. METHOD: We extracted data on 575 consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) of Humanitas Center, between February 21 and April 14, 2020. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of chronic treatment with ACE-I or ARBs and other clinical predictors on in-hospital mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that a chronic intake of ACE-I was associated with a trend in reduction of mortality (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27–1.03; p = 0.06). Increased age (ORs ranging from 3.4 to 25.2 and to 39.5 for 60–70, 70–80 and > 80 years vs < 60) and cardiovascular comorbidities (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3; p = 0.02) were confirmed as important risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. Timely treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in ED was found to be protective (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21–0.62; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study can contribute to understand the reasons behind the high mortality rate of patients in Lombardy, a region which accounts for >50% of total Italian deaths. Based on our findings, we support that daily intake of antihypertensive medications in the setting of COVID-19 should not be discontinued and that a timely LMWH administration in ED has shown to decrease in-hospital mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.062 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.062 id: cord-255941-uc6z0vuu author: Desai, Mauli title: “The Importance of Considering Olfactory Dysfunction During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in Clinical Practice” date: 2020-10-28 words: 1436.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255941-uc6z0vuu.txt summary: The emergence of a worldwide pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and frequent reports of smell loss in COVID-19 infected patients has brought new attention to this very important sense. Data is emerging that smell impairment is a prominent symptom in COVID-19 and that this coronavirus behaves differently in causing olfactory dysfunction compared to other respiratory viruses. Olfactory dysfunction negatively impacts quality of life, as sense of smell is important for flavor perception and the enjoyment of food. Allergists and immunologists frequently encounter anosmia and hyposmia in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and will likely see more infection-induced olfactory dysfunction in the era of COVID-19. Globally, as of August 15th 2020, more than 20 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 59 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).(1) Early in the 60 global pandemic, evidence emerged that many people with COVID-19 present with loss of smell 61 and/or taste. abstract: The emergence of a worldwide pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and frequent reports of smell loss in COVID-19 infected patients has brought new attention to this very important sense. Data is emerging that smell impairment is a prominent symptom in COVID-19 and that this coronavirus behaves differently in causing olfactory dysfunction compared to other respiratory viruses. Anosmia and hyposmia, the complete and partial loss of smell, respectively, can result from many causes, most commonly from viral infections, sinonasal disease, and head trauma. Olfactory dysfunction negatively impacts quality of life, as sense of smell is important for flavor perception and the enjoyment of food. Olfaction is also important for the detection of warning smells, such as smoke, natural gas leaks, and spoiled food. Allergists and immunologists frequently encounter anosmia and hyposmia in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and will likely see more infection-induced olfactory dysfunction in the era of COVID-19. Therefore, now more than ever, is crucial that we understand this impairment, how to evaluate and how to measure it. In this review, we offer a clinically relevant primer for the allergist and immunologist on olfactory dysfunction subtypes, exploring the pathophysiology, appropriate clinical assessment, objective smell testing, and management. We will also focus on the emerging literature on COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction, its unique features, and its important implications for this pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213219820311880 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.036 id: cord-322337-4xhwm3k4 author: Desai, P. S. title: Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA) to curb the spread of COVID-19 in Houston date: 2020-07-24 words: 1760.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322337-4xhwm3k4.txt summary: The present study introduces a new AI model, viz., Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA), that has been trained on COVID-19 test positivity data and news sentiment from over 2750 news articles for the Harris county. The model forecasts that in order to curb the spread of coronavirus in Houston, a sustained negative news sentiment will be desirable. This study attempts to develop a multivariate artificial intelligence (AI) model to analyze timeseries of COVID-19 positivity and news sentiment. The AI model is inspired by Google''s Wavenet (11) architecture and uses IBM Watson Discovery News (12) to mine COVID-19 sentiment in the news articles. The COVID-19 test positivity data for Harris county was obtained from the website of Texas Department of State Health Services (https://dshs.texas.gov/coronavirus/additionaldata.aspx). SITALA forecast (gray window) shows how maintaining a negative sentiment in the news about the spread of COVID-19 can be beneficial to control and 15 eventually decrease test positivity. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic with many unknowns. Houston, located in the Harris County of Texas, is becoming the next hotspot of this pandemic. With a severe decline in international and inter-state travel, a model at the county level, as opposed to the state or country level, is needed. Existing approaches have a few drawbacks. Firstly, the data used is the number of COVID-19 positive cases instead of positivity. The former is a function of the number of tests carried out while the latter is normalized by the number of tests. Positivity gives a better picture of the spread of this pandemic as with time more tests are being administered. Positivity under 5% has been desired for the reopening of businesses to almost 100% capacity. Secondly, the data used by models like SEIRD lacks information about the sentiment of people with respect to coronavirus. Thirdly, models that make use of social media posts might have too much noise. News sentiment, on the other hand, can capture long term effects of hidden variables like public policy, opinions of local doctors, and disobedience of state-wide mandates. The present study introduces a new AI model, viz., Sentiment Informed Timeseries Analyzing AI (SITALA), that has been trained on COVID-19 test positivity data and news sentiment from over 2750 news articles for the Harris county. The news sentiment was obtained using IBM Watson Discovery News. SITALA is inspired by Google-Wavenet architecture and makes use of TensorFlow. The mean absolute error for the training dataset of 66 consecutive days is 2.76 and that for the test dataset of 22 consecutive days is 9.6. The model forecasts that in order to curb the spread of coronavirus in Houston, a sustained negative news sentiment will be desirable. Public policymakers may use SITALA to set the tone of the local policies and mandates. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159863 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159863 id: cord-337163-i8ysgucd author: Desai, Rupak title: COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients from a Pooled Analysis date: 2020-04-10 words: 628.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337163-i8ysgucd.txt summary: Although the awareness of the natural progression of COVID-19 is increasing with cardiovascular risk factors and older age being frequently identified as major risk factors for poor survival in COVID-19 patients, our knowledge remains limited on the pooled prevalence of shock and its impact on predicting mortality in COVID-19 infection. While the predominant complication of COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness which could lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications and sepsis have a heightened risk of developing shock with potential in-hospital mortality during the disease course. In this meta-analysis, the elderly population had a higher burden of shock compared to the younger cohort. More data are required on the prevalence of shock, its predictors and their impact on the survival of elderly COVID-19 patients to effectively maneuver supportive resuscitation measures on time. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471584/ doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.014 id: cord-342929-y8857da3 author: Desai, Urvi title: Guidance for Resumption of Routine Electrodiagnostic Testing during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 1367.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342929-y8857da3.txt summary: The resumption of non‐urgent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing faces unique challenges due to the long duration of the procedure and direct close contact with patients, including studies with risk of exposure to oropharyngeal secretions. We provide consensus guidance for resumption of EDX testing, addressing scheduling, patient arrival and registration, use of personal protective equipment, COVID‐19 screening and testing, the performance of EDX in outpatient and inpatient settings, cleaning and maintenance of the EDX equipment and laboratory, balancing trainee safety and training requirements, and patient care issues. The goals of this consensus guidance are to minimize disease transmission in patients and healthcare personnel (HCP), to identify and appropriately triage persons with possible COVID-19 infections, and to balance efficient use of PPE with protecting HCP, while providing EDX services to patients. In response to member requests, the AANEM Quality and Patient Safety Committee (QPSC) developed this practice guidance for resumption of routine EDX services in the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: As the world accommodates to the COVID‐19 pandemic, routine in‐person medical services are resuming. The resumption of non‐urgent electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing faces unique challenges due to the long duration of the procedure and direct close contact with patients, including studies with risk of exposure to oropharyngeal secretions. We provide consensus guidance for resumption of EDX testing, addressing scheduling, patient arrival and registration, use of personal protective equipment, COVID‐19 screening and testing, the performance of EDX in outpatient and inpatient settings, cleaning and maintenance of the EDX equipment and laboratory, balancing trainee safety and training requirements, and patient care issues. These are broad recommendations which need to be adapted to local COVID‐19 risks, institutional guidelines and policies, and changing federal, state and local regulations, and to changes in the pandemic over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26990 doi: 10.1002/mus.26990 id: cord-022603-rgb409fo author: Descatha, A. title: Prise en charge en urgence d’un salarié avec suspicion d’une symptomatologie COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 words: 1057.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 77.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022603-rgb409fo.txt summary: L''objectif de ce travail est une mise au point des particularités de la prise en charge de suspicion de COVID-19 parmi les travailleurs. La base des protocoles est la même que celle habituellement mise en place dans les entreprises, mais adaptée à la situation particulière du COVID-19 qui a été considérée comme un motif de recours en lui-même [3, 4] . Après la prise en charge de la personne, bien prévenir le service de santé au travail et suivre ses consignes [6] [7] [8] , y compris pour l''hygiène du poste de travail et le suivi des salariés. En cas de problème ou de gravité, appel du SAMU au 15 ; • après la prise en charge de la personne, bien prévenir le service de santé au travail et suivre ses consignes, y compris pour l''hygiène du poste de travail et le suivi des salariés. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158778/ doi: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.835 id: cord-280423-v3r7vo0o author: Desmazes‐Dufeu, Nadine title: Discordant courses of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients date: 2020-07-31 words: 1771.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280423-v3r7vo0o.txt summary: Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 due to their chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) and to their associated conditions. We report here two cases of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis, who had different ISDs management and who developed discordant courses of their disease. We report here two cases of synchronic COVID-19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis but who had discordant courses of their disease. 13 While lymphopenia and lower CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes count have been associated with worst outcome and prolonged viral shedding in the general population of COVID-19 patients, 14 other reports suggested that ISDs per se might diminish the "cytokine storm" underlying the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent mortality. abstract: COVID‐19 is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 that emerged in late 2019 and which is now a pandemic. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID‐19 due to their chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) and to their associated conditions. Scarce data are available on the optimized management of ISDs in these patients and on its impact on presentation, clinical course, viral shedding, and outcome. We report here two cases of COVID‐19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis, who had different ISDs management and who developed discordant courses of their disease. Our findings suggest that the degree of their immunosuppression might be a reason for their different course and that ISDs might prove partially protective. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654244/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13410 id: cord-258500-zuuwqw9t author: Desroches, Melissa L. title: Impact of COVID-19: Nursing challenges to meeting the care needs of people with developmental disabilities date: 2020-11-04 words: 4335.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258500-zuuwqw9t.txt summary: These disparate COVID-19 outcomes are not surprising given the health disparities faced by people with DD at baseline prior to the pandemic, including poorer health outcomes 7 , limited access to needed health care services 8 , participation in fewer prevention and health promotion activities 7 , increased risk for chronic health conditions 7 , and earlier age of death when compared to the general population 9. These Medicaid funded institutions consist of 4 or more beds for individuals with intellectual disability or related conditions and provide active health or rehabilitative services that meet specific standards of care 14 waivers allow states the flexibility to provide care in smaller, more individualized home and community-based settings, including group homes, supervised apartments, foster homes, supported living settings, and the family home 13 . abstract: BACKGROUND: People with developmental disabilities (DD) are a population at high-risk for poor outcomes related to COVID-19. COVID-19-specific risks, including greater comorbidities and congregate living situations in persons with DD compound existing health disparities. With their expertise in care of persons with DD and understanding of basic principles of infection control, DD nurses are well-prepared to advocate for the needs of people with DD during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To assess the challenges faced by nurses caring for persons with DD during the COVID-19 pandemic and how the challenges impact people with DD. METHODS: We surveyed 556 DD nurses, from April 6-20, 2020. The 35-item mixed-method survey asked nurses to rate the degree of challenge to meeting the care needs of people with DD. We analyzed responses based on presence of COVID-19 in the care setting and geographically. One open-ended question elicited challenges not included in the survey, which we analyzed using manifest content analysis. RESULTS: Startlingly, nurses reported being excluded from COVID-19 planning, and an absence of public health guidelines specific to persons with DD, despite their high-risk status. Obtaining PPE and sanitizers and meeting social-behavioral care needs were most highly ranked challenges. COVID-19 impacted nurses' ability to maintain adequate staffing and perform essential aspects of care. No significant geographic differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS: DD nurses must be involved in public health planning and policy development to ensure that basic care needs of persons with DD are met, and the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 in this vulnerable population is reduced. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657420301473?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101015 id: cord-355122-x3v80bdp author: Desterke, Christophe title: PPARγ cistrome repression during activation of lung monocyte-macrophages in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 7873.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355122-x3v80bdp.txt summary: Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time, the involvement of the PPARγ complex in severe COVID-19 lung disease and suggest strongly its role in the major monocyte / macrophage-mediated inflammatory storm. A differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed on lung biopsies from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors; this revealed widespread repression of many gene pathways in COVID-19 lungs (Supplemental Figures 4A-4B) , which could affect major functionalities of the cells in this organ. Specifically, the gene-set enrichment analysis (performed using the ''hallmarks'' gene set of the MsigDB database) highlighted repression of the mitosis spindle and p53 pathway (cell cycle gatekeeper) in samples of COVID-19 lungs compared to those of healthy donors (NES = -3.45 and -2.77, respectively, with p-value<0.001, Supplemental Figure 5A ). Mononuclear cells, monocytes, and macrophages were found in positions similar to the COVID-19 lung samples, suggesting major infiltrations in this tissue (Supplemental Figure 4E ) and confirming the results of the ''xcell'' immune score analysis (Supplemental Figure 4C ). abstract: The molecular mechanisms of cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 infections are poorly understood. To uncover these events, we performed transcriptome analyses of lung biopsies from COVID-19 patients, revealing a gene enrichment pattern similar to that of PPARγ-knockout macrophages. Single-cell gene expression analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids revealed a characteristic trajectory of PPARγ-related disturbance in the CD14+/CD16+ cells. We identified a correlation with the disease severity and the reduced expression of several members of the PPARγ complex such as EP300, RXRA, RARA, SUMO1, NR3C1, CCDC88A. CHIP-seq analyses confirmed repression of the PPARγ-RXRA-NR3C1 cistrome in COVID-19 lung samples. Further analysis of protein-protein networks highlighted an interaction between the PPARγ-associated protein SUMO1 and a nucleoprotein of the SARS virus. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time, the involvement of the PPARγ complex in severe COVID-19 lung disease and suggest strongly its role in the major monocyte / macrophage-mediated inflammatory storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015591/ doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101611 id: cord-328698-eeg1k5a6 author: Detoc, Maëlle title: Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic date: 2020-09-17 words: 2522.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328698-eeg1k5a6.txt summary: Older age, male gender, fear about COVID-19, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Older age, male gender, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with potential acceptance to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. In multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, fear about COVID-19, be healthcare workers and individual perceived risk remained associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. However, individuals who considered themselves at-risk for COVID-19 infection were more prone to accept to participate in a clinical trial for a vaccine. This observation suggests that in the pandemics context, individuals are more prone to participate in a clinical trial for a vaccine. However, a greater proportion of respondents to our survey declared they had been vaccinated against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza, so this observation may suggest that the respondents are more pro-vaccine than the general population in France, and more often healthcare workers. abstract: Introduction The world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of a vaccine is challenging. We aimed to determine the proportion of people who intend to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France or to participate in a vaccine clinical trial. Methods We conducted an anonymous on-line survey from the 26th of March to the 20th of April 2020. Primary endpoints were the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 if a vaccine was available or participate in a vaccine clinical trial. Results Three thousand two hundred and fifty nine individuals answered the survey; women accounted for 67.4 % of the respondents. According to their statements, 2.512 participants (77.6%, 95 % CI 76.2-79 %) will certainly or probably agree to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Older age, male gender, fear about COVID-19, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with a decrease in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. One thousand and five hundred and fifty respondents (47.6 % 95 % CI 45.9-49.3 %) will certainly or probably agree to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. Older age, male gender, being a healthcare worker and individual perceived risk were associated with potential acceptance to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with refusal for participation in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. Conclusions Nearly 75 % and 48 % of the survey respondents were respectively likely to accept vaccination or participation in a clinical trial against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy will be the major barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041 id: cord-035176-oryjjoiw author: Detterline, Stephanie title: An internal medicine residency’s response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients date: 2020-10-29 words: 2440.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035176-oryjjoiw.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Our large community hospital based internal medicine residency sought to develop and evaluate a crisis response to the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic to meet our residents'' educational and wellness needs. In the context of this system wide response, our IM residency program also initiated a crisis plan to meet the clinical needs of surging patient volumes as well as maintain education for our residents. We describe our residency''s response to the COVID-19 crisis along with our early outcome data as a contribution to what we expect to be a new body of scholarly work: how residencies might best navigate a worldwide pandemic that creates strains on healthcare systems and GME programs. Preliminary feedback from our residents indicates an overall positive evaluation of our crisis response to meet their well-being and educational needs during the first weeks of our system''s surge during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, internal medicine residencies have had to develop new teaching strategies and attend to wellness concerns. Providing front-line care for patients in a time of widespread crisis while maintaining attention to training has created unprecedented challenges. OBJECTIVE: Our large community hospital based internal medicine residency sought to develop and evaluate a crisis response to the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic to meet our residents’ educational and wellness needs. METHODS: In March 2020, our residency developed a crisis plan for functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A brief survey was sent via email to our 149 residents to obtain their evaluation of how well their needs were being met by this response. RESULTS: 92 (62%) residents completed the survey. 88% indicated their well-being needs were well met. Other components were also rated as successful: effective communication (86%), scheduling/staffing (78%), preparing residents for clinical service (77%), and educational needs (76%). CONCLUSIONS: Our residency crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic was favorably evaluated by our residents in meeting their training and well-being needs. In future work we plan to seek longer-term and more objective measures to assess how residents fare during these challenging times, and to use lessons learned to prepare for future crisis situations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7598991/ doi: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1807218 id: cord-340511-syy9okhi author: Dettori, Marco title: Air pollutants and risk of death due to COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-11-11 words: 4036.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340511-syy9okhi.txt summary: The link between air pollutants and COVID-19 mortality among Italian provinces was studied implementing a linear regression model, whereas the wide set of variables were examined by means of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation), relating the spatial component of COVID-19 related data with a mix of environmental variables as explanatory variables. In particular, it has aimed to study the role of air pollutants and a set of environmental variables, selected from recent observations [10, 17] , in relation to the number of deaths per each Italian province affected by COVID-19. The wide set of variables were examined by means of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation), relating the spatial component of COVID-19 related data (i.e., cases and deaths per province) with a mix of environmental variables as explanatory variables, such as annual average of PM 2,5 and PM 10 , NO 2 , numbers of trees per 100 inhabitants and urban green areas, number of vehicles and cycle paths, as reported in Table 1 . abstract: The present work aims to study the role of air pollutants in relation to the number of deaths per each Italian province affected by COVID-19. To do that, specific mortality from COVID-19 has been standardised for each Italian province and per age group (10 groups) ranging from 0-9 years to >90 years, based on the 2019 national population figures. The link between air pollutants and COVID-19 mortality among Italian provinces was studied implementing a linear regression model, whereas the wide set of variables were examined by means of LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation), relating the spatial component of COVID-19 related data with a mix of environmental variables as explanatory variables. As results, in some provinces, namely the Western Po Valley provinces, the SMR (Standardized Mortality Ratio) is much higher than expected, and the presence of PM(10) was independently associated with the case status. Furthermore, the results for LISA on SMR and PM(10) demonstrate clusters of high-high values in the wide Metropolitan area of Milan and the Po Valley area respectively, with a certain level of overlap of the two distributions in the area strictly considered Milan. In conclusion, this research appears to find elements to confirm the existence of a link between pollution and the risk of death due to the disease, in particular, considering land take and air pollution, this latter referred to particulate (PM(10)). For this reason, we can reiterate the need to act in favour of policies aimed at reducing pollutants in the atmosphere, by means of speeding up the already existing plans and policies, targeting all sources of atmospheric pollution: industries, home heating and traffic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33188767/ doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110459 id: cord-344609-sjekuh4d author: Devaraj, Anand title: Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 words: 466.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344609-sjekuh4d.txt summary: title: Important lessons for infection control in radiology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic In the latest online publications of European Radiology, Gutzeit et al [1] , Deng et al [2] and Politi et al [3] have produced guidance on the critically important subject of infection control in radiology departments. All three articles stress the importance of staff training as well as the need for identifying key personnel with responsibilities for infection control specifically within the radiology department. The authors also emphasize the need for establishing "clean" and "infected" zones in hospitals, including separate CT scanners with dedicated transfer routes for patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Some aspects of the guidance will not be readily transferrable to all institutions and countries, such as the recommendation for dedicated isolation and observation wards for clinical staff, following work in high COVID-19 intensity wards. Prevention and control measures in radiology department for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356161/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06873-y id: cord-319170-idv2cio4 author: Devita, Maria title: The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals date: 2020-06-24 words: 2072.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319170-idv2cio4.txt summary: An increasing amount of data is becoming available on the psychological and social problems resulting from Covid-19 and the interventions to tackle them in the general population [3] ; yet little attention is being paid to elderly population and, in particular, to a frail subgroup of this age: individuals with neurocognitive disorders. Finally, also the possible motor impairments associated to quarantine should not be underestimated: a forced reduction of motor/physical activity can cause, particularly in older individuals with neurocognitive disorders, a progressive loss of personal and instrumental autonomy, as well as a possible worsening of other agingrelated clinical problems, as sarcopenia, with a consequent increased risk of falls, and subsequent medical geriatrics complications. Although the face-to-face clinical visit is undoubtedly always fundamental for cognitive impairment diagnosis and follow-up, remote assessment could be a valid transitional measure for public health needs in the coming months, and would guarantee continuity in patient care (against the currently imposed, though necessary, interruption), while reducing the risk of contagion and the consequent potential negative outcome of infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01637-6 doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01637-6 id: cord-334367-w96iqo6q author: Devlin, John W. title: Strategies to Optimize ICU Liberation (A to F) Bundle Performance in Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-12 words: 4225.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334367-w96iqo6q.txt summary: The combination of a novel disease, resource limitations, and risks to medical personnel health have created new barriers to implementing the ICU Liberation ("A" for Assessment, Prevention, and Manage pain; "B" for Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials; "C" for Choice of Analgesia and Sedation; "D" for Delirium Assess, Prevent, and Manage; "E" for Early Mobility and Exercise; and "F" for Family Engagement and Empowerment [ABCDEF]) Bundle, a proven ICU care approach that reduces delirium, shortens mechanical ventilation duration, prevents post-ICU syndrome, and reduces healthcare costs. A domino effect results from: 1) changes to critical care hierarchy, priorities, and ICU team composition; 2) significant personal protective equipment shortages cause; 3) reduced/restricted physical bedside presence favoring; 4) increased depth of sedation and use of neuromuscular blockade; 5) which exacerbate drug shortages; and 6) which require prolonged use of limited ventilator resources. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has stretched ICU resources in an unprecedented fashion and outstripped personal protective equipment supplies. The combination of a novel disease, resource limitations, and risks to medical personnel health have created new barriers to implementing the ICU Liberation (“A” for Assessment, Prevention, and Manage pain; “B” for Both Spontaneous Awakening Trials and Spontaneous Breathing Trials; “C” for Choice of Analgesia and Sedation; “D” for Delirium Assess, Prevent, and Manage; “E” for Early Mobility and Exercise; and “F” for Family Engagement and Empowerment [ABCDEF]) Bundle, a proven ICU care approach that reduces delirium, shortens mechanical ventilation duration, prevents post-ICU syndrome, and reduces healthcare costs. This narrative review acknowledges barriers and offers strategies to optimize Bundle performance in coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION: The most relevant literature, media reports, and author experiences were assessed for inclusion in this narrative review including PubMed, national newspapers, and critical care/pharmacology textbooks. DATA SYNTHESIS: Uncertainty regarding coronavirus disease 2019 clinical course, shifts in attitude, and changes in routine behavior have hindered Bundle use. A domino effect results from: 1) changes to critical care hierarchy, priorities, and ICU team composition; 2) significant personal protective equipment shortages cause; 3) reduced/restricted physical bedside presence favoring; 4) increased depth of sedation and use of neuromuscular blockade; 5) which exacerbate drug shortages; and 6) which require prolonged use of limited ventilator resources. Other identified barriers include manageable knowledge deficits among non-ICU clinicians unfamiliar with the Bundle or among PICU specialists deploying pediatric-based Bundle approaches who are unfamiliar with adult medicine. Both groups have been enlisted to augment the adult ICU work force to meet demand. Strategies were identified to facilitate Bundle performance to liberate patients from the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: We acknowledge current challenges that interfere with comprehensive management of critically ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Rapid response to new circumstances precisely requires established safety mechanisms and protocols like the ABCDEF Bundle to increase ICU and ventilator capacity and help survivors maximize recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 as early as possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32696002/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000139 id: cord-298301-p1zj6jg9 author: Dey, Lopamudra title: Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins date: 2020-09-03 words: 6298.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298301-p1zj6jg9.txt summary: title: Machine Learning Techniques for Sequence-based Prediction of Viral-Host Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Human Proteins A total of 1326 potential human target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been predicted by the proposed ensemble model and validated using gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. In this article, we have tried to predict the target human proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus based on their protein sequences combining amino acid composition, pseudo amino acid composition, and conjoint triad features using machine learning techniques. Subsequently, after feature reduction, we have used some popular supervised learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) along with a deep multi-layer perceptron model and ensemble techniques (Voting classifier, XGBoost, AdaBoost) for classification and prediction. A total of 3 sets of sequence-based features, namely, amino acid composition, conjoint triad, and pseudo amino acid composition of the human proteins are considered to train the machine learning models. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Over 15 million people have already been affected worldwide by COVID-19, resulting in more than 0.6 million deaths. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a key role in the cellular process of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the human body. Recently a study has reported some SARS-CoV-2 proteins that interact with several human proteins while many potential interactions remain to be identified. METHOD: In this article, various machine learning models are built to predict the PPIs between the virus and human proteins that are further validated using biological experiments. The classification models are prepared based on different sequence-based features of human proteins like amino acid composition, pseudo amino acid composition, and conjoint triad. RESULT: We have built an ensemble voting classifier using SVM(Radial), SVM(Polynomial), and Random Forest technique that gives a greater accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, and F1 score compared to all other models used in the work. A total of 1326 potential human target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been predicted by the proposed ensemble model and validated using gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Several repurposable drugs targeting the predicted interactions are also reported. CONCLUSION: This study may encourage the identification of potential targets for more effective anti-COVID drug discovery. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020301360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.003 id: cord-288997-cb7ndzqt author: Dey, Thonmoy Josh title: Ethnicity and COVID-19 - A commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)” (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) date: 2020-09-11 words: 1521.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288997-cb7ndzqt.txt summary: title: Ethnicity and COVID-19 A commentary on "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)" (Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6) For this commentary, we focus on the role of comorbidity, deprivation and occupation in the disproportionately high infection and mortality rates amongst Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals. This review, undertaken by Public Health England (PHE), showed that when accounting for age, sex, deprivation, demographics and ethnicity, people of Bangladeshi ethnicity had around twice the risk of death compared to people of White British ethnicity. Comorbidity has been identified as an important risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 [6] [7] , and several cardiometabolic conditions are over-represented in some of the minority ethnic groups discussed above. For instance, data from the Health Improvement Network database of over 400,000 patients in London showed that people of Asian and Black ethnic groups had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared to the White British population [8] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.046 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.046 id: cord-118214-jna34p8p author: Dhakal, Parashar title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment date: 2020-09-06 words: 3192.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-118214-jna34p8p.txt summary: title: IVACS: Intelligent Voice Assistant for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Self-Assessment We propose an intelligent voice-based assistant for COVID-19 self-assessment (IVACS). Other researchers worked on the development of a voice-based assistant using amazon Alexa to help medical first responders in the treatment process [11] . Our experiment''s main objective was to study the performance of the proposed IVACS and the participants individually and as a team for the self-assessment of COVID-19. In the process of experiment, different parameters such as errors committed by participants and IVACS, the number of interaction between IVACS and participants, the effect of IVACS on participant''s performance, and total testing time were measured. In this section, we also presented the CDC and WHO recommended protocol to follow in the self-assessment of COVID-19 based on which the IVACS decision logic was built. abstract: At the time of writing this paper, the world has around eleven million cases of COVID-19, scientifically known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2 (SARS-COV-2). One of the popular critical steps various health organizations are advocating to prevent the spread of this contagious disease is self-assessment of symptoms. Multiple organizations have already pioneered mobile and web-based applications for self-assessment of COVID-19 to reduce this global pandemic's spread. We propose an intelligent voice-based assistant for COVID-19 self-assessment (IVACS). This interactive assistant has been built to diagnose the symptoms related to COVID-19 using the guidelines provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The empirical testing of the application has been performed with 22 human subjects, all volunteers, using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX), and subjects performance accuracy has been measured. The results indicate that the IVACS is beneficial to users. However, it still needs additional research and development to promote its widespread application. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02673v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-342324-it6zcyht author: Dhaliwal, Ruban title: Letter to the Editor: “Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists” date: 2020-05-08 words: 684.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342324-it6zcyht.txt summary: Thus, there is a need for close monitoring of serum calcium levels in symptomatic COVID patients, and adherence with calcitriol and calcium supplements as prescribed and follow sick-day guidelines (4). Second area of concern is the potential for interruption of parenteral treatments in patients with osteoporosis during this pandemic, many of whom are in the high-risk group for COVID-19 infection because of advanced age and/or comorbidities. While administration of intravenous zoledronic acid can be delayed for a few months to a year, such time-lapse latitude does not apply to subcutaneous denosumab because of the potential for the so-called "rebound fractures" (5), although there is no consensus on this complication (6) . Finally, timing the transition of treatment from anabolic (teriparatide, abaloparatide, romosozumab) to injectable antiresorptive therapy (zoledronic acid, denosumab) during a pandemic is also important. Letter to the Editor: Severe Rebound-Associated Vertebral Fractures After Denosumab Discontinuation abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa254 doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa254 id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 23862.0 sentences: 1164.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt summary: Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. abstract: In recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969/ doi: 10.1128/cmr.00028-20 id: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 words: 11048.0 sentences: 600.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt summary: The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARSand MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. Further research exploring the SARS-CoV-2 associated zoonosis and mechanisms accounting for its initial transmission from animals to humans, will lead to sort out the spread of this virus as well as design and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies to counter COVID-19. The present comprehensive manuscript presents an overview on COVID-19, an emerging SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease while focusing mainly on the events and circumstantial evidences with regards to this virus jumping the species barriers, sharing a few lessons learned from SARS-and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic spillover events (zoonosis), acquiring transmission ability to infect humans, and adopting appropriate preventive and control measures [42] . abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2) of the family Coronaviridae, appeared in China in December 2019. This disease was declared as posing Public Health International Emergency by World Health Organization on January 30, 2020, attained the status of a very high-risk category on February 29, and now having a pandemic status (March 11). COVID-19 has presently spread to more than 215 countries/territories while killing nearly 0.62 million humans out of cumulative confirmed infected asymptomatic or symptomatic cases accounting to almost 15 million as of July 22, 2020, within a short period of just a few months. Researchers worldwide are pacing with high efforts to counter the spread of this virus and to design effective vaccines and therapeutics/drugs. Few of the studies have shown the potential of the animal-human interface and zoonotic links in the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Exploring the possible zoonosis and revealing the factors responsible for its initial transmission from animals to humans will pave ways to design and implement effective preventive and control strategies to counter the COVID-19. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARS- and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477893920303264 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830 id: cord-253124-s3pa4n8a author: Dhamad, Ahmed E. title: COVID-19: molecular and serological detection methods date: 2020-10-07 words: 3370.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253124-s3pa4n8a.txt summary: Since COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization in early 2020, many countries, organizations and companies have tried to find the best way to diagnose the virus and contain its spreading. And the top keywords that searched were: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, genomic RNA, protein structure, ACE2, transmission, symptoms, molecular detection methods, serological detection methods, rRT-PCR, ID NOW COVID-19, isothermal amplification, CRISPR, SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR, LAMP, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), Lateral flow assay (LFA) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this method (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 DETECTR), the RNA virus is extracted from a specimen and designated regions of N2, E, RP genes are amplified at 62 C for 20 min by specific primes through Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) approach Lamb et al., 2020; Hong et al., 2004) . Unlike molecular methods, serological methods (also called antibody tests) can be applied to detect past and current SARS-CoV-2 infection and monitor the progress of the disease periods and immune response. abstract: Since COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization in early 2020, many countries, organizations and companies have tried to find the best way to diagnose the virus and contain its spreading. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single RNA (+ssRNA) coronavirus and mainly spreads through droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. The early detection of the virus plays a central role in lowering COVID19 incidents and mortality rates. Thus, finding a simple, accurate, cheap and quick detection approach for SARS-CoV-2 at early stage of the viral infection is urgent and at high demand all around the world. The Food and Drug Administration and other health agencies have declared Emergency Use Authorization to develop diagnostic methods for COVID-19 and fulfill the demand. However, not all developed methods are appropriate and selecting a suitable method is challenging. Among all detection methods, rRT-PCR is the gold standard method. Unlike molecular methods, serological methods lack the ability of early detection with low accuracy. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about COVID-19 detection methods aiming to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of molecular and serological methods. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10180 doi: 10.7717/peerj.10180 id: cord-348139-bx1rt5ko author: Dhamne, Chetan title: Comment on: The COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP‐E, SIOP‐PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global date: 2020-07-10 words: 799.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348139-bx1rt5ko.txt summary: 1, 2 The document highlights the six most curable cancers with practical advice for their management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and includes adaptations for low-to middle-income countries (LMICs). While we share the broad consensus outlined here, we faced several unique challenges at our hospital-a large tertiary cancer care center in Mumbai, now at the epicenter of the outbreak in India-compelling us to take several steps to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, which may be of benefit to others affected similarly in healthcare settings closer to ours. 3, 4 Within this larger response, we tailored management of pediatric cancers to meet the twin objectives of retaining hard-fought recent improvements in disease outcomes of largely curable malignancies, 5, 6 while balancing resource constraints from disruption of services, and evolving strategies for the inevitable cancer with COVID-19 patient surge. Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32649014/ doi: 10.1002/pbc.28462 id: cord-333200-yka7wfbi author: Dhampalwar, Swapnil title: Treatment armamentarium of COVID-19: Evolving strategies & evidence so far date: 2020-07-16 words: 1253.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333200-yka7wfbi.txt summary: Keeping up with this current pace of information, we review the clinical studies of different therapeutic options available to treat SARS-CoV-2. (20) Since, these studies with CQ & HCQ have different therapeutic regimens, heterogenous study population, unequal arms to compare, ill-defined outcomes, and non-reproducible results; further randomized trials are needed before recommending the routine use of HCQ in mild COVID-19. Since Favipiravir and Lopinavir-ritonavir did not provide significant benefits in viral clearance or clinical improvement in severe disease, further randomized trials are necessary before recommending these drugs in clinical practice. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial No Evidence of Rapid Antiviral Clearance or Clinical Benefit with the Combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection abstract: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 started in Hubei province of China in December 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. It has infected more than 7 million people worldwide and has pushed half of the world in a state of lockdown. There is an urgent unmet need of interventions both for prevention & treatment of this disease and more than 500 clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. At present, no study with robust methodology have clearly demonstrated benefits of Hydroxycholoquine for treatment, pre-exposure prophylaxis in healthcare workers or post exposure prophylaxis in COVID-19. Remdesivir has been shown to have modest benefits in moderate to severe disease, if administered early. Given the rapid pace of clinical information and discoveries, it is important for clinicians to be up to date with the latest, evidence-based treatment options available for this novel disease. Keeping up with this current pace of information, we review the clinical studies of different therapeutic options available to treat SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0973688320301018 doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.07.001 id: cord-341575-8hv8rx6h author: Dhar, S. K. title: IL-6 and IL-10 as predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 patients: Results from Meta-analysis and Regression date: 2020-08-17 words: 3817.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341575-8hv8rx6h.txt summary: This study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to establish association between induced cytokines and COVID-19 disease severity to help in prognosis and clinical management. Results of the meta-analysis studies described before [11] [12] [13] [14] concluded elevated levels of cytokines in severe COVID-19 patients but did not proceed to establish significance of the markers as a classifier of patient groups. A more recent study 23 presented univariate classifiers for severe and non-severe patient groups using levels of is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Meta-analysis for SMD value of each marker using a random-effects model showed moderate and statistically significant elevation in severe patients for only two cytokines viz. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.20175844 doi: medRxiv preprint However, meta-analysis across multiple studies did not indicate any significant change in the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell count ratio in severe COVID-19 patients 48 . abstract: Objectives: SARS-CoV-2, an infectious agent behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, induces high levels of cytokines in patients contributing to the disease patho-physiology. Nonetheless, exact association and contribution of particular cytokines towards COVID-19 pathology remains poorly understood. This study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to establish association between induced cytokines and COVID-19 disease severity to help in prognosis and clinical management. Methods: Scientific literature was searched to identify 18 clinical studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) for cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- and IFN-{gamma} between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patient groups were summarized using random effects model. A classifier was built using logistic regression model with cytokines having significant SMD as covariates. Results: Out of the 6 cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 showed statistically significant SMD across the studies synthesized. Classifier with mean values of both IL-6 and IL-10 as covariates performed well with accuracy of ~ 92% that was significantly higher than accuracy reported in literature with IL-6 and IL-10 as individual covariates. Conclusions: Simple panel proposed by us with only two cytokine markers can be used as predictors for fast diagnosis of patients with higher risk of COVID-19 disease deterioration and thus can be managed well for a favourable prognosis. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.15.20175844v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.15.20175844 id: cord-275696-xag08e8h author: Dharamsi, A. title: Enhancing departmental preparedness for COVID-19 using rapid cycle in situ simulation date: 2020-06-13 words: 2331.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275696-xag08e8h.txt summary: In response to COVID-19, we developed a rapid-cycle in situ simulation (ISS) programme to facilitate identification and resolution of systems-based latent safety threats. Rapid cycle simulation has been described previously in medical education as a way of providing real time feedback and opportunities for learners to practice [7] , and there are examples of in situ simulation being used in an iterative fashion to find solutions to latent safety threats over months to years [7, 8] . Given our experience from SARS, our ISS team understood that the highest risk of this emerging respiratory pathogen would be in the case of a critically-ill patient presenting to triage and ultimately requiring aerosol-generating procedures in the ED [8, 9] . The rapid-cycle ISS programme was created to identify latent safety threats (LST) to staff and mitigate these with innovative solutions that could subsequently be tested in the next simulation. This rapid-cycle ISS programme provides an opportunity to identify and iteratively address latent safety threats in caring for patients with possible COVID-19 in a time-sensitive fashion. abstract: In response to COVID-19, we developed a rapid-cycle in situ simulation (ISS) programme to facilitate identification and resolution of systems-based latent safety threats. The simulation involved a possible COVID-19 case in respiratory failure, using a manikin modified to aerosolize phosphorescent secretions. 36 individuals participated in and 20 observed five ISS sessions over six weeks. Debriefing identified latent safety threats from four domains: personnel, PPE, supply/environment, and communication. These threats were addressed and resolved in later iterations. 94% of participants felt more prepared to care for a potential COVID-19 patient after the ISS. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670120303054?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.020 id: cord-246958-in0m5jnk author: Dharawat, Arkin title: Drink bleach or do what now? Covid-HeRA: A dataset for risk-informed health decision making in the presence of COVID19 misinformation date: 2020-10-17 words: 4341.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-246958-in0m5jnk.txt summary: In contrast with previous works that treat misinformation as a binary classification task, we build a novel health risk assessment misinformation benchmark dataset, Covid-HeRA, that contains social media posts annotated on a finer scale, based on whether the message content is: a) real news, b) inaccurate or misinformation or c) refutes/rebuts a specific claim or news article. To this end, we frame the task as a multi-class classification problem, where each social media post is categorized as: a) Real News/Claims, i.e., reliable correct information, b) Refutes/Rebuts, i.e., refutation or rebuttal of an incorrect statement, c) Not severe, i.e., misinformation but unlikely to result in risky behavioral changes or harmful decisions, d) Possibly severe misinformation, with possible severe health-related impact and e) Highly severe misinformation with increased potential risks for any individual following the advice & suggestions expressed in the social media post content. abstract: Given the wide spread of inaccurate medical advice related to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), such as fake remedies, treatments and prevention suggestions, misinformation detection has emerged as an open problem of high importance and interest for the NLP community. To combat potential harm of COVID19-related misinformation, we release Covid-HeRA, a dataset for health risk assessment of COVID-19-related social media posts. More specifically, we study the severity of each misinformation story, i.e., how harmful a message believed by the audience can be and what type of signals can be used to discover high malicious fake news and detect refuted claims. We present a detailed analysis, evaluate several simple and advanced classification models, and conclude with our experimental analysis that presents open challenges and future directions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.08743v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-024080-eh3ztsv5 author: Dheda, Keertan title: Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations, Controversies and Challenges in South Africa date: 2020-04-17 words: 3953.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024080-eh3ztsv5.txt summary: Recent data from infections in special contexts such as cruise liners (9) and in close contacts of COVID-19 patients (10) have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2-specific RT-PCR may be positive in the early phase of the disease, and that viral shedding in the asymptomatic phase and in the early prodromal phase can be considerable. (19) This false negativity phenomenon may be due to several factors, including a low viral load below the detection limit of the assay, low sample volume or cellular mass during acquisition, sampling location (upper versus lower respiratory tract), sample degradation during transport or storage, sample processing methodology and the timing of sampling in relation to the stage of the disease (RT-PCR positivity may progressively increase during the course of the disease). In patients with more severe diseases, including those with lower respiratory tract infection, but also in individuals with mild disease, high viral loads can be detected often for several days after the resolution of symptoms. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global pandemic that has resulted in over 1.5 million confirmed cases and close to 100,000 deaths. In the majority of symptomatic cases COVID-19 results in a mild disease predominantly characterised by upper respiratory tract symptoms. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using a nasopharyngeal sample, is the mainstay of diagnosis, but there is an ~30% false negative rate early in the disease and in patients with mild disease. RT-PCR positivity can persist for several days after a resolution of symptoms. IgM and IgG antibody responses become positive several days after the onset of symptoms, and robust antibody responses are detectable in the second week of illness. Antibody-based immunoassays have a limited role in the diagnosis of early symptomatic disease. However, their incremental benefit over RT-PCR in the first 2 weeks of illness is currently being clarified in ongoing studies. Such assays may be useful for surveillance purposes. However, their role in potentially selecting individuals that may benefit from vaccination, or as a biomarker identifying persons that could be redeployed into essential employment roles are being investigated. Rapid antibody-based immunoassays that detect viral antigen in nasopharyngeal samples are being developed and evaluated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187744/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia1 id: cord-309733-x4crng5j author: Dhesi, Z. title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test date: 2020-06-23 words: 3631.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309733-x4crng5j.txt summary: title: Organisms causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients at 5 UK ICUs as detected with the FilmArray test COVID-19 ICU patients with clinically-suspected secondary infection at 5 UK hospitals were tested with the FilmArray at point of care. The programme incorporates an RCT, run across 12 UK hospitals, in which ICU patients with suspected hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) are randomised to have either (a) standard empirical therapy or (b) to have the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel test (bioMérieux) to support early treatment decisions (8) . The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in recruitment to the INHALE trial being paused and, under the exigencies of the circumstances, we developed an observational sub-study to investigate the utility of the FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for the diagnosis and characterisation of secondary bacterial infection in COVID-19 ICU patients. abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction. Several viral respiratory infections - notably influenza - are associated with secondary bacterial infection and additional pathology. The extent to which this applies for COVID-19 is unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to define the bacteria causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 ICU patients using the FilmArray Pneumonia Panel, and to determine this tests potential in COVID-19 management. Methods. COVID-19 ICU patients with clinically-suspected secondary infection at 5 UK hospitals were tested with the FilmArray at point of care. We collected patient demographic data and compared FilmArray results with routine culture. Results. We report results of 110 FilmArray tests on 94 patients (16 had 2 tests): 69 patients (73%) were male, the median age was 59 yrs; 92 were ventilated. Median hospital stay before testing was 14 days (range 1-38). Fifty-nine (54%) tests were positive, with 141 bacteria detected. Most were Enterobacterales (n=55, including Klebsiella spp. [n= 35]) or Staphylococcus aureus (n=13), as is typical of hospital and ventilator pneumonia. Community pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae (n=8) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=1), were rarer. FilmArray detected one additional virus (Rhinovirus/Enterovirus) and no atypical bacteria. Fewer samples (28 % vs. 54%) were positive by routine culture, and fewer species were reported per sample; Klebsiella species remained the most prevalent pathogens. Conclusion. FilmArray had a higher diagnostic yield than culture for ICU COVID-19 patients with suspected secondary pneumonias. The bacteria found mostly were Enterobacterales, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, as in typical HAP/VAP, but with Klebsiella spp. more prominent. We found almost no viral co-infection. Turnaround from sample to results is around 1h 15 min compared with the usual 72h for culture, giving prescribers earlier data to inform antimicrobial decisions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.20131573v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20131573 id: cord-277315-e26oc883 author: Dhiman, Sapna title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs date: 2020-10-06 words: 5560.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277315-e26oc883.txt summary: Caregivers not using tele-rehabilitation along with a perception of it being a poor medium for rehabilitation were at greater risks for poor mental health whereas a negative perception on homecare therapy were strongly associated with higher psychological symptoms and strain. The overall result of the study shows a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among caregivers tending children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Apart from it, we found several demographic, social factors and services related to care of child are associated with depression, stress, anxiety symptoms and perceived strain. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs abstract: BACKGROUND: While COVID-19 outbreak has had adverse psychological effects in children with special needs, the mental state and burden on their caregivers during this pandemic has yet to be reported. AIMS: The objectives of this study were to describe the mental health status and the change in perceived strain among caregivers during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Two hundred sixty four caregivers completed an online survey that assessed demographics, use and perspective on tele-rehabilitation, homecare therapy, caregiver’s strain and mental health. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were found to be 62.5 %, 20.5 % and 36.4 % respectively. A significant difference in caregiver strain (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.93) was observed during the outbreak compared to levels pre-outbreak (pre-outbreak strain was measured retrospectively). Caregivers not using tele-rehabilitation along with a perception of it being a poor medium for rehabilitation were at greater risks for poor mental health whereas a negative perception on homecare therapy were strongly associated with higher psychological symptoms and strain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study identified a high prevalence of depression and significant change in strain displayed by caregivers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We identified several factors associated with poor mental health and perceived strain that can be used to help safeguard caregivers. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0891422220302225 doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790 id: cord-307868-bsmni8sh author: Dhungana, Nimesh title: Human dignity and cross-border migrants in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-28 words: 2671.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307868-bsmni8sh.txt summary: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, and the resultant lock-downs and cross-border travel restrictions have reinvigorated public debates about the vulnerability of the global migrants, together with the responsibility of the States to ensure a dignified treatment of migrants. Situating within the debates on capability-based development and human dignity and drawing on emerging evidence from Nepal, this opinion piece seeks to explore how returnee Nepali labour migrants from India are subject to dignity violation within the government''s response to the COVID-19. The paper tentatively concludes that the Nepali government''s decision to seal its open border with India, and its subsequent interventions to curtail the flow of outbreak have undermined the human dignity of Nepali migrants, defined as a combination of internal capability and external capability (Nussbaum, 2011) . Finally, the intersecting crisis of COVID-19 and cross-border migration in Nepal has renewed political discourse and demands surrounding the rights and dignity of poor migrants. abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, and the resultant lock-downs and cross-border travel restrictions have reinvigorated public debates about the vulnerability of the global migrants, together with the responsibility of the States to ensure a dignified treatment of migrants. Situating within the debates on capability-based development and human dignity and drawing on emerging evidence from Nepal, this opinion piece seeks to explore how returnee Nepali labour migrants from India are subject to dignity violation within the government's response to the COVID-19. The paper tentatively concludes that the Nepali government's decision to seal its border with India, and its subsequent interventions to curtail the flow of outbreak, have undermined the human dignity of Nepali migrants. In so doing, the paper raises a normative question as to whether, to what extent and for how long, poor and marginalised populations such as labour migrants should be expected to endure suffering and dignity violation in the interests of protecting the health of the population at large. The role of contextual politics in shaping the response to the intersecting nature of cross-border and public health crisis is highlighted. Attention is also drawn to the potential of political response against dignity violation, in exposing the ineptitude of the State to safeguard the well-being of its returnee migrants. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32895595/ doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105174 id: cord-273554-dm3mwbyp author: Dhuyvetter, Amanda title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: The Experience at an Urban Safety Net Hospital date: 2020-10-31 words: 1294.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273554-dm3mwbyp.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to characterize COVID-19 infection in pregnancy in a population of women getting prenatal care at an urban safety-net hospital. In this population of pregnant women at high risk for severe COVID-19 infection, only mild disease was observed. There are conflicting data on disease course in pregnancy [4, 5] , with obesity and gestational diabetes risks for severe infection in pregnant women [6, 7] . In this report of low-income minority women giving birth at a safety net hospital, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was relatively common, and despite a high prevalence of comorbid conditions, disease course was uniformly mild. SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized pregnant women: Reasons for admission and pregnancy characteristics-eight U.S. health care centers Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on admission to the labor and delivery unit: Low prevalence among asymptomatic obstetric patients abstract: Shortly after the identification of a novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, a global pandemic was declared. There have been conflicting data about the severity of COVID-19 disease course in pregnant women, with most US data suggesting an increase in severity and increased need for hospitalization and intubation in obstetric patients. In the general population, the disease is more common among racial and ethnic minority populations, and severity is increased with comorbid conditions and obesity. The purpose of this study is to characterize COVID-19 infection in pregnancy in a population of women getting prenatal care at an urban safety-net hospital. Beginning in April, 2020, all women were tested at admission for delivery, and additionally as an outpatient if presenting with COVID-19 symptoms. In three months, there were 208 discrete women tested and 23 (11.1%) who were positive for COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 was 5.1% in asymptomatic women being screened upon admission to the hospital. There was a high prevalence of obesity (68.2%) and other comorbid conditions (43.5%) in this population, and all patients were racial/ethnic minorities. Despite these risk factors, the patients uniformly had either mild or asymptomatic disease. No symptomatic patients required hospitalization for their infection. In this population of pregnant women at high risk for severe COVID-19 infection, only mild disease was observed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00940-7 doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00940-7 id: cord-320149-3q4q98a6 author: Di Carlo, Davide Tiziano title: Exploring the clinical association between neurological symptoms and COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: a systematic review of current literature date: 2020-08-01 words: 3482.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320149-3q4q98a6.txt summary: An increasing body of evidence suggests that patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) might have a heterogeneous spectrum of neurological symptoms METHODS: A systematic search of two databases was performed for studies published up to May 29th, 2020. The pathophysiology of this association is under investigation and warrants additional studies, Physicians should be aware of this possible association because during the epidemic period of COVID-19, early recognition of neurologic manifestations otherwise not explained would raise the suspect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Our systematic review of 2499 patients reported the occurrence of a wide spectrum of neurologic complications in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, supporting the possible neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, several case reports described the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (see supplementary material 1), confirming the association of cerebrovascular complications with severe COVID-19 infection, older age, and the presence of multiple comorbidity [46, 47] . abstract: OBJECT: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared a pandemic in March, 2020. An increasing body of evidence suggests that patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) might have a heterogeneous spectrum of neurological symptoms METHODS: A systematic search of two databases was performed for studies published up to May 29th, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS: We included 19 studies evaluating 12,157 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections. The median age of patients was 50.3 (IQR 11.9), and the rate of male patients was 50.6% (95% CI 49.2–51.6%). The most common reported comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes (31.1%, 95% CI 30–32.3% and 13.5%, 95% CI 12.3–14.8%, respectively). Headache was reported in 7.5% of patients (95% CI 6.6–8.4%), and dizziness in 6.1% (95% CI 5.1–7.1%). Hypo/anosmia, and gustatory dysfunction were reported in 46.8 and 52.3%, of patients, respectively. Symptoms related to muscular injury ranged between 15 and 30%. Three studies reported radiological confirmed acute cerebrovascular disease in 2% of patients (95% CI 1.6–2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: These data support accumulating evidence that a significant proportion of patients with COVID-19 infection develop neurological manifestations, especially olfactory, and gustatory dysfunction. The pathophysiology of this association is under investigation and warrants additional studies, Physicians should be aware of this possible association because during the epidemic period of COVID-19, early recognition of neurologic manifestations otherwise not explained would raise the suspect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-09978-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09978-y doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09978-y id: cord-342841-b1rucgmg author: Di Carlo, Francesco title: Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date: 2020-09-18 words: 5256.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt summary: Zohu et al (2020) reported that the decrease of hospital visits led to a reduction of routine psychiatric care for many patients with mental disorders in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Telemental health services can be particularly useful and appropriate for the support of both patients and health care workers during this pandemic, allowing providing assistance and care to those who need it by reducing the risk of infection. Patients with depressive disorders have been shown to benefit from TP, as reported by several studies in which patients'' symptoms improved more in the telemental health group than in the traditional setting ones. Evidence from several studies has underlined that the use of TP for delivering mental healthcare services can improve symptoms of depression among older adults. During this pandemic period several Authors all over the world underlined the need to promote online mental health care services and encourage their use [13, 63, 64] . abstract: At the end of 2019 a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) was identified in China. The high potential of human to human transmission led to subsequent COVID‐19 global pandemic. Public health strategies including reduced social contact and lockdown have been adopted in many countries. Nonetheless, social distancing and isolation could also represent risk factors for mental disorders, resulting in loneliness, reduced social support and under‐detection of mental health needs. Along with this, social distancing determines a relevant obstacle for direct access to psychiatric care services. The pandemic generates the urgent need for integrating technology into innovative models of mental healthcare. In this paper we discuss the potential role of telepsychiatry and other cutting‐edge technologies in the management of mental health assistance. We narratively review the literature to examine advantages and risks related to the extensive application of these new therapeutic settings, along with the possible limitations and ethical concerns. Telemental health services may be particularly feasible and appropriate for the support of patients, family members and health‐care providers during this COVID‐19 pandemic. The integration of telepsychiatry with other technological innovations (e.g., mobile apps, virtual reality, big data and artificial intelligence) opens up interesting future perspectives for the improvement of mental health assistance. Telepsychiatry is a promising and growing way to deliver mental health services but is still underused. The COVID‐19 pandemic may serve as an opportunity to introduce and promote, among numerous mental health professionals, the knowledge of the possibilities offered by the digital era. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32946641/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13716 id: cord-327006-m847xdzk author: Di Castelnuovo, A. title: Low dose hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 26 studies and 44,521 patients date: 2020-11-04 words: 4803.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt summary: Results: A total of 26 articles were found (N=44,521 COVID-19 patients, including N=7,324 from 4 randomized clinical trials (RCTs)); 10 studies were valuable for analysing the association of HCQ+AZM. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.01.20223958 doi: medRxiv preprint Therefore, we decided to conduct an updated meta-analysis on observational and RCT studies on HCQ use and the mortality outcome in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Pooling of data from 22 observational studies, which accounted for 86.2% of the total weight, the use of HCQ has been associated with 25% lower mortality risk (pooled risk ratio: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.63 to 0.89; high level of heterogeneity: I 2 =80%, random effects). In a meta-analysis of 26 studies (4 RCTs) involving 44,814 COVID-19 patients, the use of HCQ was associated with a 21% lower risk of total mortality. abstract: Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was proposed as potential treatment for COVID-19, but its association with mortality is not well characterized. We conducted two meta-analyses to evaluate the association between HCQ (with or without azithromycin (AZM)) and total mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Articles were retrieved until October 20th, 2020 by searching in seven databases. Data were combined using the general variance-based method on relative risk estimates. Results: A total of 26 articles were found (N=44,521 COVID-19 patients, including N=7,324 from 4 randomized clinical trials (RCTs)); 10 studies were valuable for analysing the association of HCQ+AZM. Overall, the use of HCQ was associated with 21% lower mortality risk (pooled risk ratio: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.67 to 0.93; high level of heterogeneity: I2=82%, random effects). This association vanished (1.10, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.23 and 1.10, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.23) when daily dose >400 mg or total dose >4,400 mg were used, respectively). HCQ+AZM was also associated with 25% lower mortality risk, but uncertainty was large (95%CI: 0.50 to 1.13; P=0.17). No association was apparent when only pooling the 4 RCTs (13.8% of the overall weight; pooled risk ratio: 1.11, 95%CI: 0.99 to 1.24). Conclusions: HCQ use was not associated with either increased or decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients when 4 RCTs only were evaluated, while a 7% to 33% reduced mortality was observed when observational studies were also included. The association was mainly apparent when pooling studies using lower doses of HCQ. These findings can help disentangling the debate on HCQ use in COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.01.20223958v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.01.20223958 id: cord-315970-m5o962yw author: Di Ciaula, Agostino title: COVID‐19, internists and resilience: the north‐south Italy outbreak. date: 2020-06-01 words: 3971.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315970-m5o962yw.txt summary: The rates of infected subjects and deaths in Italy (whole country and regional level) per 100,000 residents were calculated considering the official number of residents derived from the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). Figure 1 summarizes the daily progression in the cumulative number of COVID-19 positive subjects and in the incidence of deaths related to COVID-19 in southern and northern Italy, since the start of the outbreak. On the national "lockdown" day (March 12), in northern Italy there was a total of 14,335 infected patients and 997 COVID-19 related deaths. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the local Apulian government firstly increased the number of available beds in the units of intensive care, pneumology, and infectious diseases across the Region. In the most affected regions (northern Italy, mainly Lombardy) serious concerns existed about the effective capacity of the national health system to adequately face the burden of disease. abstract: According to data from the World Health Organization, Italy has been particularly affected by the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. On April 1(st) 2020, Italy gained, at a world level, the highest number of total confirmed cases (n=110,574) and deaths (n=13,155) since the beginning of the outbreak. The number of cases raised exponentially, reaching a total of 227,364 infected subjects and 32,330 deaths on May, 20. The distribution of infected subjects and deaths, however, was not homogeneous, being respectively about 7‐times and 12‐times higher in northern‐ than in southern regions url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13299 doi: 10.1111/eci.13299 id: cord-276044-z7rupgfo author: Di Crosta, Adolfo title: Individual Differences, Economic Stability, and Fear of Contagion as Risk Factors for PTSD Symptoms in the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-09-08 words: 5703.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276044-z7rupgfo.txt summary: The aim of the present study is to report the prevalence of high psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population, especially considering that this aspect is consistently associated with PTSD symptoms. A logistic regression on the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) scores was used to test the risk factors that predict the possibility to develop PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results, highlighted in the present study, extend our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic''s impact on the population''s mental health, by identifying individuals at high-risk of developing PTSD. These studies highlighted a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in determining high levels of psychological distress, showing, also, differences related to gender with females reporting higher IES-R scores. In the present study we specifically focus on the role of individual differences, perception of economic stability, and psychological factors (including neuroticism and fear for the COVID-19 pandemic) in predicting symptoms of PTSD. abstract: On January 30th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Italy has been one of the most affected countries in the world. To contain further spread of the virus, the Italian government has imposed an unprecedented long-period lockdown for the entire country. This dramatic scenario may have caused a strong psychological distress, with potential negative long-term mental health consequences. The aim of the present study is to report the prevalence of high psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population, especially considering that this aspect is consistently associated with PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the present study aims to identify the risk factors for high PTSD symptoms, including individual differences and subjective perception of both economic and psychological aspects. We administered an online survey to 1253 participants during the peak period of the contagion in Italy. A logistic regression on the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) scores was used to test the risk factors that predict the possibility to develop PTSD symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender (female), lower perceived economic stability, higher neuroticism, and fear and consequences of contagion were predictors of high PTSD symptomatology. The results, highlighted in the present study, extend our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the population’s mental health, by identifying individuals at high-risk of developing PTSD. This may help with the implementation of specific protocols to prevent the possibility of developing symptoms of PTSD in target populations. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567367 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567367 id: cord-256351-q8lkhklw author: Di Giorgio, Angelo title: Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy date: 2020-05-12 words: 1377.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256351-q8lkhklw.txt summary: title: Health status of patients with Autoimmune Liver Disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy Twenty-six per cent (n= 39) developed mild/moderate respiratory symptoms likely due to an underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, since the NPS was not carried out, they were classified as suspected cases of COVID-19. cases; the majority of them (3/4 patients, 75%) presented with a mild or moderate clinical phenotype (1 was asymptomatic) whilst 1 patient died ; this patient had risk factors for complicated COVID-19 described in the general population, including old age and associated comorbidities. We previously reported our review of past outbreaks of coronavirus infections and our preliminary experience with these patients followed in our center, and we suggested that immunocompromised patients (adults and children) are not at increased risk of COVID-19 complicated course compared to the general population (3). However we recently reported the uneventful course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were under IS or immunomodulating drugs, including antimetabolites, during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (4). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32413378/ doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.008 id: cord-320025-omz1fou9 author: Di Girolamo, Nicola title: Characteristics of scientific articles on COVID-19 published during the initial 3 months of the pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 5561.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320025-omz1fou9.txt summary: In conclusions, compared to the H1N1 pandemic, the majority of early publications on COVID-19 does not provide new information, possibly diluting the original data published on this disease and consequently slowing down the development of a valid knowledge base on this disease. The purpose of the present meta-epidemiological study is to identify the proportion of primary and secondary articles, to identify the proportion of studies that report limitations in their abstracts and to compare publishing patterns during COVID-19 and during the only other pandemic of the XXI century, the 2009 H1N1 swine influenza. We extracted from each article the following information: ''title'', ''abstract'', ''DOI'''', ''number of authors'', ''journal'', ''date of creation'', ''first author'', ''country of the first institution of the first author'', ''article type'' (primary/secondary, defined below), ''study design'' (defined below), ''number of patients included'' (only for human medical research), ''presence of objective in the abstract'', ''presence of limitation in the abstract'', ''main conclusion'' (Additional file 2B). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by an unprecedented amount of published scientific articles. The aim of this study is to assess the type of articles published during the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare them with articles published during 2009 H1N1 swine influenza pandemic. Two operators independently extracted and assessed all articles on COVID-19 and on H1N1 swine influenza that had an abstract and were indexed in PubMed during the first 3 months of these pandemics. Of the 2482 articles retrieved on COVID-19, 1165 were included. Over half of them were secondary articles (590, 50.6%). Common primary articles were: human medical research (340, 59.1%), in silico studies (182, 31.7%) and in vitro studies (26, 4.5%). Of the human medical research, the vast majority were observational studies and cases series, followed by single case reports and one randomized controlled trial. Secondary articles were mainly reviews, viewpoints and editorials (373, 63.2%). Limitations were reported in 42 out of 1165 abstracts (3.6%), with 10 abstracts reporting actual methodological limitations. In a similar timeframe, there were 223 articles published on the H1N1 pandemic in 2009. During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a higher prevalence of reviews and guidance articles and a lower prevalence of in vitro and animal research studies compared with the H1N1 pandemic. In conclusions, compared to the H1N1 pandemic, the majority of early publications on COVID-19 does not provide new information, possibly diluting the original data published on this disease and consequently slowing down the development of a valid knowledge base on this disease. Also, only a negligible number of published articles reports limitations in the abstracts, hindering a rapid interpretation of their shortcomings. Researchers, peer reviewers, and editors should take action to flatten the curve of secondary articles. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11192-020-03632-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836530/ doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03632-0 id: cord-318484-b21myin4 author: Di Lorenzo, G. title: Evaluating the adequacy of Prima Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for the assessment of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-03 words: 1662.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318484-b21myin4.txt summary: In spite of some limitation owing especially to the choice of a self selected population sample, we conclude that Prima Lab Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test represents a low-cost, easily applicable and reproducible tool in detecting SARS-Cov-2 diffusion in the general population. Since the Rapid Test is most likely to produce negative results in the early stages of infection, it is possible that the 10/90 (11.1%) negative subjects with a positive RT-PCR that SARS-CoV-2 was detectable but antibodies seroconversion has not started yet. The Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid test represents a low-cost and easily applicable tool in detecting SARS-Cov-2 diffusion in the general population with the capability to identify quite reliably subjects who have been or have not been exposed to the virus in the recent or distant past, as suggested by the presence or absence of specific IgG. abstract: The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020 found health authorities worldwide unprepared to control the pandemic. The adoption of accurate, rapid and inexpensive methods to identify infected subjects in the general population is of paramount relevance for the control of the disease. We evaluated one of the available serological tests, the Prima Lab Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Tests, on 739 volunteers. We first assessed the test's reproducibility by administering it twice on the same day on 104 subjects obtaining and overall score of 93 percent. Since the intensity of the color in the test line regions varies depending on the concentration of Covid-19 antibodies in each sample and that the determination of the positivity depends strictly on the subjective assessment by the reader, after excluding the subjects whose color intensity was too tenuous to be deemed unquestionably positive by the reader the reproducibility increased to 96%. The test would not perform properly for 6 subjects for a very limited overall technical failure of 0.83%. For 138 subjects information was available regarding a previous Real Time PCR nasopharyngeal swab test performed elsewhere. The correspondence of positive results between the two tests was 90.58% (125/138). In spite of some limitation owing especially to the choice of a self selected population sample, we conclude that Prima Lab Covid-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test represents a low-cost, easily applicable and reproducible tool in detecting SARS-Cov-2 diffusion in the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.20117424 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117424 id: cord-255221-v4r2ek6a author: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italy: Analysis of Risk Factors and Proposed Remedial Measures date: 2020-04-09 words: 2190.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255221-v4r2ek6a.txt summary: Until March 28, 2020, there were ∼90,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease in Italy, with 26,000 in-patients, 3,800 patients in intensive care units (ICUs), 40,000 positive in home isolation, and 10,000 deaths, according to the Italian Civil Protection bulletin 1 . Italy currently has the highest COVID-19 mortality rate worldwide, even compared to the People''s Republic of China where the number of COVID-19 deaths totaled over 3,000 cases, including potential re-infections. The Lombardy region has a higher number of intensive care and resuscitation beds compared to southern Italy; unfortunately, these places are fast running out of hospital beds and facing challenges in the provision of primary care for conditions other than COVID-19, necessitating the transfer of numerous patients to other regions 4 . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00140 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00140 id: cord-334881-x9nxxled author: Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe title: COVID 19 therapies and anti-cancer drugs: A systematic review of recent literature date: 2020-05-21 words: 3248.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334881-x9nxxled.txt summary: BACKGROUND: It is reasonable to think that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy could have a more aggressive course if positive for Coronavirus disease CoV-2 (COVID19). METHODS: We conducted a literature review on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://scholar.google.com, www.arxiv.org, www.biorxiv.org, of all articles published using the keywords COVID-19 therapy or treatment and cancer until May 2, 2020. Sarilumab is an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (53). AIFA has licensed a randomized phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f baricitinib in addition to the usual treatment in patients with pneumonia in COVID-19 (Barcivid study) (74). abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reasonable to think that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy could have a more aggressive course if positive for Coronavirus disease CoV-2 (COVID- 19). METHODS: We conducted a literature review on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://scholar.google.com, www.arxiv.org, www.biorxiv.org, of all articles published using the keywords COVID-19 therapy or treatment and cancer until May 2, 2020. A total of 205 articles were identified and 53 were included in this review. RESULTS: We describe the ongoing COVID-19 therapies that should be known by oncologists and highlight the potential interactions with antineoplastic drugs, commonly used in clinical practice. The main drug interactions were found with tocilizumab, ruxolitinib and colchicine. Conclusions. The literature provides an inconclusive picture on potential preferred treatments for COVID-19 and their interactions with antineoplastic agents. Future clinical trials are needed to better understand the interactions between different drugs in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102991 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102991 id: cord-258067-par61wwh author: Di Martino, Marcello title: Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures date: 2020-06-20 words: 3464.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258067-par61wwh.txt summary: Conclusions The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. The following variables were analysed: age; sex; functional status (defined according to the ECOG scale) (21); personal background; diagnosis; type of surgical intervention; the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the treatment required (Table 1) ; the severity of the respiratory infection (according to the BRCSS) (20) ; and postoperative complications (according to the Dindo-Clavien classification) (19) . Ten (16.9%) of the oncological patients, one (1%) of those operated on electively for benign diseases and four (7%) of the urgent surgery group presented with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, with statistically significant differences in the infection rate of the three groups (p = 0.004) ( Table 2) . Patients undergoing elective surgery before and during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a high rate of postoperative complications, with a SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of up to 16% in patients undergoing oncologic surgical procedures. abstract: Abstract Introduction The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. Methods Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. Results From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (P <.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. Conclusions The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173507720301216 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.06.005 id: cord-313836-mcm0xmzw author: Di Micco, Pierpaolo title: Venous Thromboembolism and Its Association with COVID-19: Still an Open Debate date: 2020-09-27 words: 1095.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313836-mcm0xmzw.txt summary: The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion. For this reason, in the literature, some authors reported a positive experience with therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin in patients with severe COVID-19 reporting a reduction of mortality and mortality associated withDIC or PE [13] . Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: Asreported by the World Health Organization, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified as the causative virus of new viral pneumonia of unknown etiology by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020. The virus was named COVID-19 and because of its ability to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (i.e., SARS) this infection has also been defined as SARS-CoV2.Furthermore, an association between COVID-19 infection and venous thromboembolism has been reported in several series around the world.For this reason, methods used to improve diagnostic tools, pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and type of anticoagulants are discussed in this expert opinion. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100506 doi: 10.3390/medicina56100506 id: cord-273968-ym79axlo author: Di Renzo, Gian Carlo title: COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Consider Thromboembolic Disorders and Thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-04-22 words: 391.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273968-ym79axlo.txt summary: In non-pregnant patients admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 pneumonia, the frequency of venous thromboembolic disorders is 25% (20/81) ascertained by ultrasound examination of the lower extremities (1). In another series of 184 patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia, 31% had venous or arterial thromboembolism (defined as acute pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, or myocardial infarction) (2) . Given that normal pregnant women have evidence of increased generation of thrombin and a prothrombotic state, as well as increased intravascular inflammation which is exaggerated in the context of infection, such patients may be at an increased risk for thrombosis when affected by COVID-19. This body of evidence should be considered by obstetricians caring for pregnant women affected by COVID-19. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333857/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.017 id: cord-279511-s9h1jzzs author: Di Stefano, Vincenzo title: Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine date: 2020-07-13 words: 4160.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279511-s9h1jzzs.txt summary: title: Significant reduction of physical activity in patients with neuromuscular disease during COVID-19 pandemic: the long-term consequences of quarantine Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the levels of PA, measured as energy expenditure (MET–minute/week), among patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) before and during the last week of quarantine. In healthy controls, a significant reduction of PA was reported during quarantine compared to before quarantine for vigorous-intensity PA (p = 0.04), moderate-intensity PA (p = 0.01), walking activity (p < 0.0001), total PA level (p < 0.0001) and MVPA level (p = 0.001). Finally, it has to be considered that a more sensible muscle mass loss is reported following physical inactivity in older people and in neuromuscular disease, compared to healthy young subjects [10, 13] . This was in agreement with a recent study that reported a high level of total weekly energy expenditure before the COVID-19 quarantine in healthy subjects [25] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Quarantine was the measure taken by governments to control the rapid spread of COVID-19. This restriction resulted in a sudden change in people’s lifestyle, leading to an increase in sedentary behavior and a related decrease in the practice of physical activity (PA). However, in neuromuscular diseases patients need to perform regular PA to counteract the negative consequences of the disease. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the levels of PA, measured as energy expenditure (MET–minute/week), among patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) before and during the last week of quarantine. METHODS: A total of 268 Italian subjects, living in Sicily, completed an adapted version of the IPAQ-SF. Participants comprised 149 NMD, enrolled at the Neuromuscular Clinic of Palermo and 119 healthy subjects (control group). The SF-12 questionnaire was also administered to NMD. The Mann–Whitney U and the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease of the total weekly PA level during COVID-19 quarantine in both patients and controls. Moreover, a significant difference in the total weekly PA level was found depending on the presence of neuromuscular disease, impaired walking, gender and BMI. Finally, we found a correlation between SF-12 scores and the entity of the reduction of PA level during quarantine, thus confirming a relevant association with the quality of life in NMD. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed that COVID-19 quarantine has affected the practice of PA among both NMD and healthy controls. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10064-6 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10064-6 id: cord-313353-uwwih8v3 author: Di Tano, Giuseppe title: Late Pulmonary Embolism after COVID-19 Pneumonia despite Adequate Rivaroxaban Treatment date: 2020-06-18 words: 1335.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313353-uwwih8v3.txt summary: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who are receiving non-vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants for chronic disease are usually switched to heparin treatment during hospitalization. Four weeks after discharge he experienced an episode of an acute pulmonary embolism while on rivaroxaban therapy with adequate drug plasma levels, and in the absence of strong predisposing risk factors. During the acute infection phase, patients chronically managed with antithrombotic agents (non-vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) are usually switched to alternative parenteral antithrombotic medications such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) [2, 3] . In conclusion, our case highlights the risk of later thrombotic complications after COVID-19 infection despite appropriate oral anticoagulant therapy and raises some concern about the underlying mechanism. In patients on chronic oral anticoagulant therapy, discharged after hospitalization for acute COVID-19, close monitoring is recommended, and LMWH replacement should be considered only until evidence of complete remission of disease. abstract: INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection may predispose patients to thrombotic disease. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who are receiving non-vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants for chronic disease are usually switched to heparin treatment during hospitalization. However, information about the most appropriate antithrombotic therapy after the acute infection phase is lacking. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation who was recently hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Four weeks after discharge he experienced an episode of an acute pulmonary embolism while on rivaroxaban therapy with adequate drug plasma levels, and in the absence of strong predisposing risk factors. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the risk of thrombotic complications after COVID-19 infection, raises some concern about their underlying mechanisms, and supports the use of effective anti-thrombotic therapy. LEARNING POINTS: COVID-19 infection is associated with frequent thrombotic events. A pro-coagulative status could be triggered by the persistent inflammatory phase of the infection despite anticoagulation. Adequate antithrombotic therapy is necessary for the prevention of acute and later thrombotic complications and needs close monitoring. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665940/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001790 id: cord-268058-1ry3z2vb author: Di, Biao title: Identification and validation of predictive factors for progression to severe COVID-19 pneumonia by proteomics date: 2020-10-03 words: 1855.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268058-1ry3z2vb.txt summary: Differential expression (DE) analysis between patients and healthy controls identified 43 and 47 significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins, respectively (Fig. 1b, c, Supplementary Table S3 ). The validation results indicate 8 (S100A8, OAF, 40S ribosomal protein S28 (RPS28), SOD2, MB, GSTO1, D-dopachrome decarboxylase (DDT) and CAPNS1) out of the 10 upregulated proteins are of significantly higher detection rate by PRM in the progression to severe samples than the moderate ones (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fig. 1h, Supplementary Figs. In addition, random forest analysis of the combined ELISA data of these three proteins also indicate a strong predictive power (AUC = 0.904, CI: 0.89-0.91) for severe patient detection ( Supplementary Fig. 10b, c) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00333-1 doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00333-1 id: cord-308906-et7duogt author: Di, Gaohong title: Simple and Effective Primary Assessment of Emergency Patients in a COVID-19 Outbreak Area: A Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-20 words: 3674.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308906-et7duogt.txt summary: METHODS: We assessed medical data regarding all patients who underwent emergency surgery at the main campus of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 23, 2020, to February 15, 2020. Before February 15, 2020, we did not perform throat swab tests on all emergency patients to screen for COVID-19 infection at the time of admission, due to a lack of diagnostic reagents. The ability to screen and identify patients infected with COVID-19 that were admitted to the emergency department at the main campus of Wuhan Union Hospital was complicated by the variability in the clinical presentation of infected individuals. 6 During this study, no chest CT scans or throat swabs were taken as routine COVID-19 screening measures for emergency surgery patients due to the shortage of medical resources. The COVID-19 cases in this study were confirmed in the postoperative period using chest CT scans and throat swabs that detected viral nucleic acid using qRT-PCR assays. abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has expanded into a pandemic, for which the main containment strategies to reduce transmission are social distancing and isolation of ill persons. Thousands of medical staff have been infected worldwide. Coronavirus testing kits have been in short supply, and early diagnostic reagents did not have high sensitivity. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients requiring emergency surgery in a COVID-19 outbreak area. METHODS: We assessed medical data regarding all patients who underwent emergency surgery at the main campus of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 23, 2020, to February 15, 2020. We classified patients based on suspicion of COVID-19 infection (suspected vs not suspected) before they were admitted to the operating room. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data. Outcomes included the incidence of confirmed COVID-19 infection and length of stay, which were followed until March 25, 2020. RESULTS: Among the 88 emergency patients included in this study, the mean age was 37 years. Twenty-five patients presented with abnormalities observed on chest CT scans and 16 presented with fever. The median wait time for surgery was one day. The median preparation time and median time until short orientation memory concentration test (SOMCT) recovery from anesthesia were 44.0 min and 23.0 min, respectively. The median postoperative length of stay was five days. Compared with patients not suspected of COVID-19 infection, six patients were confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 in the suspected group. No health care workers were infected during this study period. CONCLUSION: Simple identification using temperature screening of patients, respiratory symptoms, and chest CT scans before being admitted for emergency surgery was rapid and effective. Shortened contact times might reduce the risk of infection. Additional investigations with larger samples and improved designs are needed to confirm these observations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903802/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s263950 id: cord-265197-kxfj3ziu author: DiMaria, Christina N title: Cognitive Bias in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-06 words: 1314.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265197-kxfj3ziu.txt summary: In the pandemic of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognizing and creating strategies to minimize these biases is crucial to optimize medical care for our patients. We describe a case of a 68-year-old male with decreased appetite, subjective fears, dry cough, and confusion presenting during the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This case brings into question how we approach medical decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. On review of the case, the presenting symptoms were vague, yet we focused on dry cough and fever to lead us to a diagnosis of COVID-19. Recognition and strategies to prevent cognitive biases, especially during a pandemic, are crucial to optimize medical care for our patients. Although cognitive biases are known contributors to cognitive errors, we still are not sure of all the ways they play into medical decision making during this COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Cognitive bias plays a significant role in medical errors. In the pandemic of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognizing and creating strategies to minimize these biases is crucial to optimize medical care for our patients. In this article we present a case of a 68-year-old male with decreased appetite, subjective fears, dry cough, and confusion. The report illustrates the concept of cognitive bias during a pandemic and discusses strategies to ameliorate them. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9019 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9019 id: cord-268425-xg8xnjf9 author: DiNicolantonio, James J. title: Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole date: 2020-07-02 words: 3891.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt summary: 5 Importantly, neutrophils, whose activation and transit into lung interstitial tissue and alveolar space is a key mediator of the respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19, are highly responsive to the functionally suppressive effects of A2AR, as are the endothelial cells whose activation attracts and enables transendothelial passage of activated neutrophils. Most studies with DIP have focused on its platelet-stabilizing effects -which presumably could provide some protection from SARS-CoV-2''s pro-thrombotic effects -but experimental studies also show that DIP can act on neutrophils to suppress superoxide production, adhesion to endothelial cells, and, in a mouse model of anti-phospholipid syndrome (a sometime feature of COVID-19), NETosis formation. 79 Supplemental glucosamine may likewise up-regulate the type 1 interferon responses to viruses, while exerting anti-inflammatory effects that render it protective in rodent models of sepsis and lung inflammation induced by LPS or cigarette smoke. abstract: Counterproductive lung inflammation and dysregulated thrombosis contribute importantly to the lethality of advanced COVID-19. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard. The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine. The platelet-stabilizing drug dipyridamole (DIP) blocks intracellular uptake of extracellularly-generated adenosine, thereby up-regulating A2AR signaling in a way that should be functionally complementary to the impact of PTX in that regard. Moreover, DIP has recently been reported to slow the cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 in clinically feasible concentrations. Both PTX and DIP are reasonably safe, well-tolerated, widely available, and inexpensive drugs. When COVID-19 patients can be treated within several days of symptom onset, using PTX + DIP in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an antibiotic - azithromycin (AZM) or doxycycline – might be warranted. HCQ and AZM can suppress SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in vitro and may slow the cell-to-cell spread of the virus; a large case series evaluating this combination in early-stage patients reported an impressively low mortality rate. However, whereas HCQ and AZM can promote QT interval lengthening and may be contraindicated in more advanced COVID-19 entailing cardiac damage, doxycycline has no such effect and exerts a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory action. In contrast to HCQ, we propose that the combination of PTX + DIP can be used in both early and advanced stages of COVID-19. Concurrent use of certain nutraceuticals – yeast beta-glucan, zinc, vitamin D, spirulina, phase 2 inducers, N-acetylcysteine, glucosamine, quercetin, and magnesium – might also improve therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720317382 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051 id: cord-332234-6jursf4h author: Diaferio, Lucia title: Cross-sectional survey on impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians: report from the SIAIP rhino-sinusitis and conjunctivitis committee date: 2020-10-06 words: 2395.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332234-6jursf4h.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19 knowledge and impact among paediatricians in Italy about allergic asthma and upper airway involvement. The questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) based on their personal clinical experience and on the extensive review of most relevant international literature on COVID-19 infection searched on MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). abstract: BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence that COVID-19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults and asthma and allergy, the most common chronic disorders in children, are not included in the top 10 comorbidities related to COVID-19 fatalities. Nevertheless, concerns about asthma and allergy are still high.. In order to evaluate the impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians, we sent a 20-questions anonymous internet-based survey to 250 Italian paediatricians with particular address to allergic symptoms and those affecting the upper airways. METHODS: The questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP), and structured into different sections of 20 categorized and multiple choice questions. The first part included questions about epidemiological data follows by a second part assessing the way to manage a suspected COVID-19 infection and personal experiences about that. The third part concerned questions about patients’ clinical characteristics and clinical manifestations. The survey was emailed once between April and mid-May 2020. RESULTS: A total 99 participants had participated in our survey and provided responses to our electronic questionnaire. The distribution of patients reported per month varies significantly according to the geographical area (P = 0.02). Data confirmed that in the North part of Italy the rate of patients referred is higher than in the rest of Italy. Almost all respondents (98%) reported caring for up to a maximum of 10 infected children and the last 2% more than twenty. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P = 0.09). Almost the same applies for asthma, 83% of responders declared that up to a maximum of 20% of affected children were asthmatic, from 20 to 40% for the 13,5% of responders and from 40 to 60% for the last 3,5%. As for the allergic conjunctivitis also for asthma, we found a higher incidence in the Centre and in South than in the North (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19 knowledge and impact among paediatricians in Italy about allergic asthma and upper airway involvement. From our point of view, it provides important information clearly useful for improving a good practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023616/ doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00906-4 id: cord-259087-hckz3yk0 author: Diago-Sempere, E. title: Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial date: 2020-08-04 words: 7034.0 sentences: 435.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259087-hckz3yk0.txt summary: title: Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalazed Patients: study protocol for a phase 2 randomized, open-label, controlled, multicenter trial Discussion: This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. However, the actual benefits and risks of the intervention remain to be established, particularly in this This clinical trial is designed to evaluate passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with non-severe COVID-19. Due to the existing uncertainties on the potential role of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, we consider that the publication of the study protocol will help other researchers to understand the rationale behind our clinical trial design and may is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. At the time this clinical trial was planned, there were no available vaccine or therapeutic agents with proven efficacy, but the severity of the condition prompted the use of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. It has long been hypothesized that the use of convalescent plasma (CP) from infected patients who have developed an effective immune response is likely to be an option for the treatment of patients with a variety of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) of viral etiology. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma in adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods/Design: The ConPlas-19 study is a multicenter, randomized, open-label controlled trial. The protocol has been prepared in accordance with the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. The study has been planned to include 278 adult patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 infection not requiring mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive). Subjects are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio (139 per treatment arm), stratified by center, to receive intravenously administered CP (single infusion) plus SOC or SOC alone, and are to be followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the proportion of patients that progress to categories 5, 6 or 7 (on the 7-point ordinal scale proposed by the WHO) at day 15. Interim analyses for efficacy and/or futility will be conducted once 20%, 40%, and 60% of the planned sample size are enrolled and complete D15 assessment. Discussion: This clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma for the treatment of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results of this study are expected to contribute to establishing the potential place of CP in the therapeutics for a new viral disease. Trial registration: Trial registration at clinicaltrials.gov; Registration Number: NCT04345523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345523; Registered on 30 March, 2020. First posted date: April 14, 2020. Keywords: COVID-19, randomized, controlled trial, protocol, convalescent plasma (CP), antibodies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.20165720 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.31.20165720 id: cord-325128-r53up0ug author: Diamantis, Sylvain title: SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the “confinement disease” is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself date: 2020-05-03 words: 472.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325128-r53up0ug.txt summary: title: SARS-cov-2 related deaths in French long-term care facilities: the "confinement disease" is probably more deleterious than the COVID-19 itself To date coronavirus SARS-cov-2 has infected 2.2 million people and has killed more than 5 150,000. The residents of long-7 term care facilities (LTCFs) typically combine those two features and are thus particularly at 8 risk. To date, more than 60% of the French LTCFs have 10 reported at least one case of COVID-19 among their residents. We intervened in one LTCF located in the Southern Île-de-France region that had registered 15 more than 24 deaths related to COVID-19 among the 140 residents in 5 days. Disproportionate mortality due to COVID-19 in LTCFs is not a fatality. Continuous provision 30 of pragmatic medicine and wellness care will limit the devastating impact of this infection in 31 dependent elderly people. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory 43 infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: Interim guidance V abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507530/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.023 id: cord-257789-pdybfft6 author: Diamond, Betty title: SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade date: 2020-11-09 words: 3583.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257789-pdybfft6.txt summary: We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, blocks interferon production and reduces an effective adaptive immune response. Here we propose that the systemic inflammation seen in Covid-19 patients results from the activation of two intersecting systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-bradykinin system (Diamond 2020) . The engagement of these pathways helps explain how severe Covid-19 infection is characterized by massive inflammation in multiple target organs, a poor anti-viral response with little production of interferon, and little participation of the adaptive immune system. As we have hypothesized that some of the inflammation induced in severe, and perhaps even moderate, Covid-19 is the result of dysregulation of the RAS and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, the associated players serve as potential therapeutic targets ( Fig. 1 ) As mentioned above, ACE inhibitors and AT1 blockers (ARBs) are approved and safe drugs. abstract: The response to viral infection generally includes an activation of the adaptive immune response to produce cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, blocks interferon production and reduces an effective adaptive immune response. This model has therapeutic implications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167852/ doi: 10.1186/s10020-020-00231-w id: cord-325313-yj25zkx6 author: Diao, Bo title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-02-20 words: 3730.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325313-yj25zkx6.txt summary: METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the counts of total T cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cell subsets, and serum cytokine concentration from inpatient data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, admitted into two hospitals in Wuhan from December 2019 to January 2020, and 40 healthy controls, who came to the hospitals for routine physical examination. Our results thus provide a preliminary demonstration of T cell exhaustion during COVID-19 infection and suggest that more aggressive early intervention may be required in patients with low T lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed that the percentage of PD-1 + CD8 + T cells from ICU patients was significantly higher than from both Non-ICU cases and healthy controls ( Figure 3B) , indicating that SARS-CoV-2 viruses induce T cell exhaustion in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those requiring ICU care. abstract: BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health, which has been declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the WHO. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the counts of total T cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cell subsets, and serum cytokine concentration from inpatient data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, admitted into two hospitals in Wuhan from December 2019 to January 2020, and 40 healthy controls, who came to the hospitals for routine physical examination. In addition, the expression of T cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim-3 were measured by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 14 COVID-19 cases. RESULTS The number of total T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were dramatically reduced in COVID-19 patients, especially among elderly patients (≥60 years of age) and in patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care. Counts of total T cells, CD8+T cells or CD4+T cells lower than 800/μL, 300/μL, or 400/μL, respectively, are negatively correlated with patient survival. Statistical analysis demonstrated that T cell numbers are negatively correlated to serum IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α concentration, with patients in decline period showing reduced IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations and restored T cell counts. Finally, T cells from COVID-19 patients have significantly higher levels of the exhausted marker PD-1 as compared to health controls. Moreover, increasing PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells could be seen as patients progressed from prodromal to overtly symptomatic stages, further indicative of T cell exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS T cell counts are reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the surviving T cells appear functionally exhausted. Non-ICU patients, with total T cells, CD8+T cells CD4+T cells counts lower than 800/μL, 300/μL, and 400/μL, respectively, may still require aggressive intervention even in the immediate absence of more severe symptoms due to a high risk for further deterioration in condition. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364 id: cord-333932-aqcllik0 author: Diao, Bo title: Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 words: 3822.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333932-aqcllik0.txt summary: Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls. Our results thus provide a preliminary demonstration of T cell exhaustion during COVID-19 infection and suggest that more urgent, early intervention may be required in patients with low T lymphocyte counts. The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the predicted receptor of SARS-CoV-2 viruses, is absent on T cells (11) , suggesting that the depressed T counts in COVID-19 patients mentioned above (Figure 1 ) were likely not caused by direct infection of T cells. We demonstrate here that COVID-19 patients have very high levels of serum IL-10 following SARS-CoV-2 infection, while also displaying high levels of the PD-1 and Tim-3 exhaustion markers on their T cells, suggesting that IL-10 might be mechanistically responsible. abstract: Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls. In addition, the expression of T cell exhaustion markers were measured in 14 COVID-19 cases. Results: The number of total T cells, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were dramatically reduced in COVID-19 patients, especially in patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care. Counts of total T cells, CD8(+) T cells or CD4(+) T cells lower than 800, 300, or 400/μL, respectively, were negatively correlated with patient survival. T cell numbers were negatively correlated to serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α concentration, with patients in the disease resolution period showing reduced IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α concentrations and restored T cell counts. T cells from COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of the exhausted marker PD-1. Increasing PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells was seen as patients progressed from prodromal to overtly symptomatic stages. Conclusions: T cell counts are reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the surviving T cells appear functionally exhausted. Non-ICU patients with total T cells counts lower than 800/μL may still require urgent intervention, even in the immediate absence of more severe symptoms due to a high risk for further deterioration in condition. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425950/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827 id: cord-342523-52t7dh4n author: Dibner, Julia J. title: Direct COVID-19 Infection of Enterocytes: The Role of Hypochlorhydria date: 2020-08-11 words: 1301.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342523-52t7dh4n.txt summary: The current report describes a need for selective stool testing to explore fecal shedding of viral RNA and presents a hypothesis for direct infection of enterocytes in cases of hypochlorhydria. Clinical and virological aspects of enteric COVID-19 disease have been reviewed, with authors suggesting the need for study of possible fecal-oral transmission (1, 3) . The purposes of this brief report are to emphasize the importance of testing stool samples under certain conditions and to suggest a novel route of direct enterocyte infection by COVID-19 in cases of developmental or acquired hypochlorhydria. Although there is observational evidence that long-term or high-level use of PPI is associated with an increased risk of testing positive for COVID-19 (10), certain histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) and a PPI have been observed to improve disease outcome in patients already infected with COVID-19 virus (11) . abstract: COVD-19 disease is characteristically respiratory in nature; however, some patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. These include changes in taste, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. A report has been published of a young patient who repeatedly tested positive in stool samples while nasopharyngeal tests remained negative. This raises doubts about our understanding of the dynamics of COVID-19 disease. The current report describes a need for selective stool testing to explore fecal shedding of viral RNA and presents a hypothesis for direct infection of enterocytes in cases of hypochlorhydria. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320307689 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.002 id: cord-285056-b2iltrqx author: Dichter, Martin N. title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes date: 2020-05-12 words: 2286.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285056-b2iltrqx.txt summary: title: COVID-19: it is time to balance infection management and person-centered care to maintain mental health of people living in German nursing homes In cases where people with cognitive impairment (e.g. dementia) and challenging behavior need to be isolated, this is usually done in a separate unit or room (e.g. in the rooms of a closed day care facility which can be a subsidiary facility of a nursing home) and often with a caregiver who is then responsible only for that particular resident. Therefore, infection management and person-centered care have to be weighed carefully in order to maintain the residents'' social participation, mental health, and quality of life. Based on this information, residents and caregivers have to negotiate the implementation of infection management measures and to deal with the need for the provision of person-centered care under the current circumstances. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393407/ doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000897 id: cord-266744-31p212aq author: Dick, Lachlan title: Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-28 words: 2250.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266744-31p212aq.txt summary: title: Changes in Emergency General Surgery During Covid-19 in Scotland: A Prospective Cohort Study The proportion of patients undergoing surgery increased (19.1 vs 42.3 per cent, p = < 0.05) as did the mean operating time (102.4 vs 145.7 min, p = < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Covid-19 has significantly impacted the number of admissions to emergency general surgery. Of the 36 patients undergoing surgery during 2020, 5 (13.9 per cent) had a change in the surgical procedure. Furthermore, in our cohort, only 50 per cent of patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis underwent Covid-19 testing. Furthermore, 12 (75 per cent) patients were deemed to require surgical management as opposed to the intercollegiate recommendation of a conservative approach [9] again suggesting an increase in severity. Covid-19 has significantly impacted the number of admissions to emergency general surgery. Author''s reply-clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection abstract: INTRODUCTION: Covid-19 has had a significant impact on all aspects of health care. We aimed to characterise the trends in emergency general surgery at a district general hospital in Scotland. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed from 23/03/20 to 07/05/20. All emergency general surgery patients were included. Demographics, diagnosis and management were recorded along with Covid-19 testing and results. Thirty-day mortality and readmission rates were also noted. Similar data were collected on patients admitted during the same period in 2019 to allow for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 294 patients were included. There was a 58.3 per cent reduction in admissions when comparing 2020 with 2019 (85 vs 209); however, there was no difference in age (53.2 vs 57.2 years, p = 0.169) or length of stay (4.8 vs 3.7 days, p = 0.133). During 2020, the diagnosis of appendicitis increased (4.3 vs 18.8 per cent, p = < 0.05) as did severity (0 per cent > grade 1 vs 58.3 per cent > grade 1, p = < 0.05). The proportion of patients undergoing surgery increased (19.1 vs 42.3 per cent, p = < 0.05) as did the mean operating time (102.4 vs 145.7 min, p = < 0.05). Surgery was performed in 1 confirmed and 1 suspected Covid-19 patient. The latter died within 30 days. There were no 30-day readmissions with Covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION: Covid-19 has significantly impacted the number of admissions to emergency general surgery. However, emergency operating continues to be needed at pre-Covid-19 levels and as such provisions need to be made to facilitate this. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860140/ doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05760-3 id: cord-333793-4pvjc4un author: Dickens, Borame L title: Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and re-open travel date: 2020-08-25 words: 1533.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333793-4pvjc4un.txt summary: METHODS: To estimate active case exportation risk from 153 countries with recorded COVID-19 cases and deaths, we created a simple data-driven framework to calculate the number of infectious and upcoming infectious individuals out of 100 000 000 potential travellers from each country, and assessed six importation risk reduction strategies; Strategy 1 (S1) has no screening on entry, S2 tests all travellers and isolates test positives where those who test negative at 7 days are permitted entry, S3 the equivalent but for a 14 day period, S4 quarantines all travellers for 7 days where all are subsequently permitted entry, S5 the equivalent for 14 days and S6 the testing of all travellers and prevention of entry for those who test positive. abstract: BACKGROUND: With more countries exiting lockdown, public health safety requires screening measures at international travel entry points which can prevent the reintroduction or importation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we estimate the number of cases captured, quarantining days averted and secondary cases expected to occur with screening interventions. METHODS: To estimate active case exportation risk from 153 countries with recorded COVID-19 cases and deaths, we created a simple data-driven framework to calculate the number of infectious and upcoming infectious individuals out of 100 000 000 potential travellers from each country, and assessed six importation risk reduction strategies; Strategy 1 (S1) has no screening on entry, S2 tests all travellers and isolates test positives where those who test negative at 7 days are permitted entry, S3 the equivalent but for a 14 day period, S4 quarantines all travellers for 7 days where all are subsequently permitted entry, S5 the equivalent for 14 days and S6 the testing of all travellers and prevention of entry for those who test positive. RESULTS: The average reduction in case importation across countries relative to S1 is 90.2% for S2, 91.7% for S3, 55.4% for S4, 91.2% for S5 and 77.2% for S6. An average of 79.6% of infected travellers are infectious upon arrival. For the top 100 exporting countries, an 88.2% average reduction in secondary cases is expected through S2 with the 7-day isolation of test positives, increasing to 92.1% for S3 for 14-day isolation. A substantially smaller reduction of 30.0% is expected for 7-day all traveller quarantining, increasing to 84.3% for 14-day all traveller quarantining. CONCLUSIONS: The testing and isolation of test positives should be implemented provided good testing practices are in place. If testing is not feasible, quarantining for a minimum of 14 days is recommended with strict adherence measures in place. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa141 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa141 id: cord-335347-vxl2flbn author: Diercks, Gillian R. title: Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Child with Nasal Foreign Body date: 2020-05-08 words: 1914.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335347-vxl2flbn.txt summary: Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viral particles have been shown to remain viable for up to 3 hours 10 , raising concern about risk of exposure for healthcare workers during aerosol generating procedures (APGs), including endoscopy, in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and upper airway. Prior to bringing the patient to the operating room, COVID-19 testing was pursued given concerns about the potential for asymptomatic infection in the pediatric population, and generation of aerosolized respiratory secretions during nasal endoscopy, suctioning and foreign body removal, in order to optimize protection of the perioperative care team and surgical staff. Preoperative planning and SARS-CoV2 testing is of particular importance for the pediatric population given the high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected children who are asymptomatic or exhibit minimal symptoms of COVID-19, but who may harbor significant viral loads in the nasopharynx and upper airway, placing healthcare workers at particular risk. abstract: While children, particularly infants, are susceptible to severe and critical COVID-19 disease, over 55% of pediatric cases are present in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children. Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viral particles remain viable for up to 3 hours, raising concern about risk to healthcare workers during aerosol generating procedures (APGs) in the airway and nasopharynx. Herein we describe the first case of a nasal foreign body in an asymptomatic child with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss management of this child and highlight the importance of considering asymptomatic infection and preoperative testing when planning procedures of the airway in the COVID-19 era. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110092 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110092 id: cord-263625-gqzly8xw author: Dighe, Amy title: Response to COVID-19 in South Korea and implications for lifting stringent interventions date: 2020-10-09 words: 6147.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263625-gqzly8xw.txt summary: BACKGROUND: After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst early adoption of testing and contact tracing is likely to be important for South Korea''s successful outbreak control, other factors including regional implementation of strong social distancing measures likely also contributed. Despite a rapid growth of cases early in the global timescale, South Korea has brought the transmission of the causative agent of COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) under control with less stringent national social distancing policies relative to countries such as Italy, France, and the UK [36] . This analysis of South Korea''s response to COVID-19 highlights how, despite a sharp growth in cases early in the pandemic, transmission was rapidly controlled, resulting in a relatively small epidemic made up of large linked clusters. abstract: BACKGROUND: After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. This has led to substantial interest in their “test, trace, isolate” strategy. However, it is important to understand the epidemiological peculiarities of South Korea’s outbreak and characterise their response before attempting to emulate these measures elsewhere. METHODS: We systematically extracted numbers of suspected cases tested, PCR-confirmed cases, deaths, isolated confirmed cases, and numbers of confirmed cases with an identified epidemiological link from publicly available data. We estimated the time-varying reproduction number, R(t), using an established Bayesian framework, and reviewed the package of interventions implemented by South Korea using our extracted data, plus published literature and government sources. RESULTS: We estimated that after the initial rapid growth in cases, R(t) dropped below one in early April before increasing to a maximum of 1.94 (95%CrI, 1.64–2.27) in May following outbreaks in Seoul Metropolitan Region. By mid-June, R(t) was back below one where it remained until the end of our study (July 13th). Despite less stringent “lockdown” measures, strong social distancing measures were implemented in high-incidence areas and studies measured a considerable national decrease in movement in late February. Testing the capacity was swiftly increased, and protocols were in place to isolate suspected and confirmed cases quickly; however, we could not estimate the delay to isolation using our data. Accounting for just 10% of cases, individual case-based contact tracing picked up a relatively minor proportion of total cases, with cluster investigations accounting for 66%. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst early adoption of testing and contact tracing is likely to be important for South Korea’s successful outbreak control, other factors including regional implementation of strong social distancing measures likely also contributed. The high volume of testing and the low number of deaths suggest that South Korea experienced a small epidemic relative to other countries. Caution is needed in attempting to replicate the South Korean response in populations with larger more geographically widespread epidemics where finding, testing, and isolating cases that are linked to clusters may be more difficult. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032601/ doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01791-8 id: cord-284453-topozldw author: Dimri, V. P. title: Understanding Trend of the Covid-19 Fatalities in India date: 2020-06-17 words: 1799.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284453-topozldw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284453-topozldw.txt summary: In order to forecast the COVID-19 pandemic behavior in India, we first examined the total number of confirmed cases and the rate of daily increase in the number of cases reported in India ( Fig. 1a and b) . Note that the early segment of the curve is fitted with data, whereas the remaining segment is predicted based on the SIR model.This model assumes that it is a rational portrayal of the one-stage epidemic and represents the dynamic process of COVID-19 infections in a population over a specific time.Hence, the forecast is as good as data are. In this note, we have presented the analysis of short-term forecasting of COVID-19 infections in India based on SIR, quadratic and exponential approaches. Shows results from SIR model: (a) total number of predicted together with observed cases, and (b) number of COVID-19 cases per day in India. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1492-2 doi: 10.1007/s12594-020-1492-2 id: cord-351343-zdh8ms1z author: Din, Anwarud title: STATIONARY DISTRIBUTION AND EXTINCTION OF STOCHASTIC CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) EPIDEMIC MODEL date: 2020-06-24 words: 4218.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351343-zdh8ms1z.txt summary: The most basic stochastic epidemic models are those involving global transmission, meaning that infection rates depend only on the type and state of the individuals involved, and not on their location in the population. In the recent study, we proposed a stochastic epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 with a changing environment considering long term behavior. The present section is devoted to formulation of a model based on stochastic theory for studying the transmissions dynamic of the novel virus i.e., COVID-19 pandemic. This section is about studying the existence and uniqueness of solution of the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model (1). Proof: To prove the theorem, we shall apply direct integration to the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model (1) . With the help of stochastic theory, we developed a model for the novel COVID-19 keeping in view the characteristic of the disease to investigate the transmission dynamics with changing population environment. abstract: Similar to other epidemics, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread very fast and infected almost two hundreds countries around the globe since December 2019. The unique characteristics of the COVID-19 include its ability of faster expansion through freely existed viruses or air molecules in the atmosphere. Assuming that the spread of virus follows a random process instead of deterministic. The continuous time Markov Chain (CTMC) through stochastic model approach has been utilized for predicting the impending states with the use of random variables. The proposed study is devoted to investigate a model consist of three exclusive compartments. The first class includes white nose based transmission rate (termed as susceptible individuals), the second one pertains to the infected population having the same perturbation occurrence and the last one isolated (quarantined) individuals. We discuss the model’s extinction as well as the stationary distribution in order to derive the the sufficient criterion for the persistence and disease’ extinction. Lastly, the numerical simulation is executed for supporting the theoretical findings. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920304343?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110036 id: cord-304063-yb8rfd8r author: Din, Misbahud title: COVID‐19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries date: 2020-07-28 words: 604.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304063-yb8rfd8r.txt summary: With the deadly Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading every corner of the developing and developed countries, the threat of another viral disease is now looming large on the horizon. In the coming days, the developing countries might also be facing the dengue fever outbreak, a viral disease known to be spread by mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus 1. COVID-19 and dengue coepidemics: A double trouble for overburdened health systems in developing countries There are also cases of misdiagnosis and coinfection of both the outbreaks as they share clinical manifestation and laboratory features. Measures should be taken to distinguish cases with fever and headache from COVID-19 and dengue fever and these atypical symptoms must trigger alerts in developing countries with high dengue fever incidence. Currently, the community transmission of COVID-19 is on the rise in developing countries and it is feared that the number of cases and deaths would increase in near future. abstract: With the deadly Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading every corner of the developing and developed countries, the threat of another viral disease is now looming large on the horizon. In the coming days, the developing countries might also be facing the dengue fever outbreak, a viral disease known to be spread by mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus 1. Compared to the havoc being wreaked by COVID-19, in term of economic and fatalities loss, dengue is far less deadly and is minor health problem. Yet, for developing countries, it could be serious problem, if significant awareness building programs among their population are not launched timely. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26348 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26348 id: cord-284829-dge21g0g author: Dinakaran, Damodharan title: Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Selective Review date: 2020-05-30 words: 2288.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284829-dge21g0g.txt summary: In this selective review, the authors present the neuropsychiatric manifestations and postulated mechanisms of COVID-19. Though the most common presentation is a self limiting viral illness with fever and dry cough, severe infection is reported in 15-20% of the affected population (26) . In about 5% of the severely ill patients, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Multi organ involvement and septic shock leads to further clinical deterioration. Acute polyradiculopathy (Guillain Barre Syndrome -GBS) has been reported related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) . The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report abstract: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a controllable pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 though is a predominantly respiratory illness; it can also affect brain and other organs like kidneys, heart and liver. Neuropsychiatric manifestations are common during viral pandemics but are not effectively addressed. Fever and cough are common symptoms only in infected individuals but headache and sleep disturbances are common even in uninfected general public. In this selective review, the authors report the available evidence of neuropsychiatric morbidity during the current COVID-19 crisis. The authors also discuss the postulated neuronal mechanisms of the corona virus infection sequelae. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102188 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102188 id: cord-318980-8cclwzob author: Dindarloo, Kavoos title: Pattern of disinfectants use and their adverse effects on the consumers after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-30 words: 4526.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318980-8cclwzob.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of disinfectants use within outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate their adverse effects on the consumer''s health. Health tips to prevent the spread of COVID-19 include regular hand washing, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, full cooking, avoiding close contact with a person who has symptoms of a respiratory illness such as cough and sneezing, and disinfecting surfaces [2] . Repeated use of sodium hypochlorite bleach with inappropriate concentrations can cause damage Fig. 3 The surfaces disinfected by participants to the skin of the hands and respiratory problems for these people. Alcohol-based solutions and sodium hypochlorite bleach are the most widely used disinfectants by participants after the outbreak of Coronavirus. Advices to use methanol instead of ethanol for disinfecting hands and surfaces and drink alcohol to remove the virus from the body were those that have led to poisoning, blindness and even death in some people. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of disinfectants use within outbreak of COVID-19 and estimate their adverse effects on the consumer’s health. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1090 participants were entered into the study without age and gender limitations. A researcher-made electronic checklist containing 43 questions was applied to collect data. The checklist included three sections: demographic characteristics (8 questions), disinfection of body and non-living surfaces (21 questions), and adverse effects of disinfectants on health (15 questions). RESULTS: 87% of participants used the incorrect proportions of water and alcohol to make this disinfectant available at home. The percentage of people with wrong proportion of sodium hypochlorite was 74.2%. Approximately 42% of participants experienced at least one disorder on their hands, feet, eyes, respiratory or gastrointestinal systems after sequential uses of disinfectants. The most common disorders among the participants were found to be skin dryness (76.3%), obsession (42.2%), skin itching (41.2%), coughing (41.1%), and eyes irritation (39.5%). The mean frequency of hand washing and hand disinfecting were 15.28 and 10.74 times per a day, respectively, and the clean-up in case of surfaces was 2.99 times a day. The frequency of hand washing and disinfecting in women group (16.4 and 11.2 times a day) were higher than in men (14.0 and 10.3 times a day) group. In addition, these self-care actions in married people (15.6 and 11.0 times a day) were higher compared to those in single people (14.0 and 10.6 times a day). CONCLUSION: Being unaware of participants with instruction for preparation and use disinfectants may harm their health. Therefore, it is suggested that the authorities provide the necessary training program for public through official media. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00548-y doi: 10.1007/s40201-020-00548-y id: cord-301402-andxwyi3 author: Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong title: Operating in a Pandemic: Lessons and Strategies from an Orthopaedic Unit at the Epicenter of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-05-06 words: 3900.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301402-andxwyi3.txt summary: ➤. When performing an operation on a patient who has suspected or confirmed infection with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), personal protection equipment should include hair covers, face shields or goggles, N95 respirator masks, a blood-borne pathogen-resistant surgical gown, shoe covers, and double-gloving with single-use gloves. The components used to accomplish this level of protection when dealing with patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection include gloves, gowns, eye protection, hair covers, shoe covers, and an N95 particulate respirator 13 (U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthcertified N95, European Union standard filtering face piece [FFP]2, or equivalent) that is fitted to the individual. Surgical masks are loose-fitting devices that provide a physical barrier without restricting airborne contaminants and are used in our institution for health-care worker interaction with all patients unless they were suspected of or confirmed as having COVID-19 infection. abstract: ➤. With severe limitations in manpower, facilities, and equipment, and the concern for nosocomial transmission, operating in a pandemic is fraught with danger from multiple fronts. ➤. Strategies to mitigate nosocomial spread include prioritization of existing patients, triaging and treatment of new patient encounters, infection control protocols, perioperative considerations, manpower management, and novel strategies for interdisciplinary interaction and education. ➤. The decision to proceed with or postpone surgery should be based on the urgency of the surgical procedure and the physiological health of the patient. ➤. When performing an operation on a patient who has suspected or confirmed infection with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), personal protection equipment should include hair covers, face shields or goggles, N95 respirator masks, a blood-borne pathogen-resistant surgical gown, shoe covers, and double-gloving with single-use gloves. ➤. Loose-fitting, powered air-purifying respirators should be considered for prolonged surgeries. ➤. An astutely formulated and comprehensive business continuity plan is an orthopaedic unit’s best strategy for maintaining critical standards, discipline, and morale in severe and prolonged outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618915/ doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00568 id: cord-348777-pk9y6vfp author: Ding, Cheng title: Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-28 words: 3609.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348777-pk9y6vfp.txt summary: title: Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on the Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Patients with Mild COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study This study aims to investigate the association between corticosteroid therapy and the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance among patients with mild COVID-19. Our observational results revealed that corticosteroid therapy had no positive effect on the durations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance among patients with mild COVID-19. Results from this study suggested that patients with mild COVID-19 may not benefit from corticosteroid therapy in terms of the duration of SARS-CoV-2 clearance. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In December, 2019, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was caused by a novel coronavirus, started in Wuhan, China. So far, there is limited clinical evidence on the effect of corticosteroid therapy for this disease. This study aims to investigate the association between corticosteroid therapy and the duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) clearance among patients with mild COVID-19. METHODS: Patients with mild COVID-19 were enrolled from two medical centers in China between January 13, 2020 and February 29, 2020. Baseline characteristics and durations of RNA clearance were compared between the corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid therapy groups. The independent effects of corticosteroid therapy on the duration of RNA clearance were estimated by generalized linear models. RESULTS: Of 82 patients with a mild infection, 40 patients were male (48.8%), with a median age of 49 years (interquartile range, IQR 36–61). Among those patients, 36 patients (43.9%) received corticosteroid therapy. The adjusted multivariate models showed that the effects of corticosteroids were non-significant on the durations of onset to first RNA clearance [β 2.48, 95% CI (95% confidence interval) − 0.42 to 5.38, P = 0.0926] and to persistent RNA clearance (β 1.54, 95% CI − 1.41 to 4.48, P = 0.3016), and durations of therapy to first RNA clearance (β 2.16, 95% CI − 0.56 to 4.89, P = 0.1184) and to persistent RNA clearance (β 1.22, 95% CI − 1.52 to 3.95, P = 0.3787). CONCLUSIONS: Corticosteroid therapy in patients with mild COVID-19 was not associated with the duration of SARS-CoV-2 clearance, suggesting that the use of corticosteroids may not be beneficial for patients with mild COVID-19 and should be prudently recommended in clinical practice. However, further studies are needed to verify the findings. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40121-020-00337-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32986226/ doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00337-y id: cord-319519-mb9ofh12 author: Ding, J. title: A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes'' interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 words: 7247.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319519-mb9ofh12.txt summary: The algorithm establishes the shortest path between 118 the candidate genes and the known host interacting proteins with SARS-CoV-2 and calculates an 119 overall connectivity score for the network (a smaller value represents a greater connectivity) ( Fig 120 1 and Supplementary Table S1 ). The network-informed analysis presented in this paper, 262 revealed that 1) the top GO biological function associated with HLH genes is neutrophil 263 degranulation, consistent with a recent report highlighting the undervalued role of neutrophils in 264 HLH 36 ; 2) HLH genes are significantly enriched with the SARS-CoV-2 human interactome; 3) the 265 top-ranked HLH gene, AP3B1, has roles in cargo loading of type II pneumocytes, where it may 266 interact with SARS-CoV-2 to disturb surfactant physiological functions to promote 267 inflammation/pro-coagulation activities; 4) diseases/syndromes-associated with increased release 268 of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) may predict vulnerable populations, including those 269 affecting children. abstract: Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19, with parallels proposed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threating condition associated with hyperinflammation. The presence of HLH was described in severely ill patients during the H1N1 influenza epidemic, presenting with pulmonary vascular thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that genes causing primary HLH regulate pathways linking pulmonary thromboembolism to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using novel network-informed computational algorithms. This approach led to the identification of Neutrophils Extracellular Traps (NETs) as plausible mediators of vascular thrombosis in severe COVID-19 in children and adults. Taken together, the network-informed analysis led us to propose the following model: the release of NETs in response to inflammatory signals acting in concert with SARS-CoV-2 damage the endothelium and direct platelet-activation promoting abnormal coagulation leading to serious complications of COVID-19. The underlying hypothesis is that genetic and/or environmental conditions that favor the release of NETs may predispose individuals to thrombotic complications of COVID-19 due to an increase risk of abnormal coagulation. This would be a common pathogenic mechanism in conditions including autoimmune/infectious diseases, hematologic and metabolic disorders. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.01.20144121v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144121 id: cord-344264-7fkaj1h8 author: Ding, Jinli title: Experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19 in radiology department date: 2020-03-31 words: 1799.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344264-7fkaj1h8.txt summary: Within one month, the novel coronavirus rapidly spread across the whole of China through droplet transmission and contact transmission, and the reported number of confirmed COVID-19 cases demonstrated a rising trend. For suspected case, it presents at least two of the following conditions: ① fever and/or respiratory symptoms (eg, cough, myalgia, fatigue); ② imaging features of viral pneumonia; ③ normal or low white blood cell count or reduced lymphocyte in early onset. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China The diagnosis and treatment scheme of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (6th trial version) (General Office of the National Health Commission Expert consensus of radiological examination scheme and infection prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia Infection prevention in radiological examination of novel coronavirus pneumonia: expert recommendation from the Chinese Society of Imaging Technology (First edition) abstract: Abstract In December 2019, a cluster of patients with emerging pneumonia of unknown etiology were discovered in Wuhan city, China. Laboratory examination identified a novel coronavirus which was tentatively named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. The WHO has more recently formally named the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19). Within one month, the novel coronavirus rapidly spread across the whole of China through droplet transmission and contact transmission, and the reported number of confirmed COVID-19 cases demonstrated a rising trend. Radiological examinations, especially computed tomography CT, were confirmed as effective methods for the screening and diagnosis of infected cases. Reports stated that many radiologists and technologists were being infected when examining patients with COVID-19. In order to clarify the imaging features of COVID-19 and reduce the infection risk of medical personnel in radiology departments, we summarized the experience on radiological examinations and infection prevention for COVID-19, aiming to guide virus prevention, diagnosis and control within radiology departments. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrid.2020.03.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.03.006 id: cord-289088-7uoia564 author: Ding, Qiang title: The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-30 words: 1517.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289088-7uoia564.txt summary: title: The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China In conclusion, those patients with both COVID‐19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID‐19 infection only. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID-19 as well as influenza virus. On one hand, this study showed that the clinical characteristics of patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection were similar to those of COVID-19 infection, but the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear, which would be more convinced when more cases included. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease has been spreading quickly and many countries and territories have been affected, with major outbreaks in China, South Korea, Italy, and Iran. Influenza virus has been known as a common pathogen in winter and it can cause pneumonia. It was found clinically that very few patients were diagnosed with both COVID‐19 and influenza virus. A total of 5 of the 115 patients confirmed with COVID‐19 were also diagnosed with influenza virus infection, with three cases being influenza A and two cases being influenza B. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of those patients who got infected with COVID‐19 as well as influenza virus. Common symptoms at onset of illness included fever (five [100%] patients), cough (five [100%] patients), shortness of breath (five [100%] patients), nasal tampon (three [60%] patients), pharyngalgia (three [60%] patients), myalgia (two [40%] patients), fatigue (two [40%] patients), headache (two [40%] patients), and expectoration (two [40%] patients). The laboratory results showed that compared to the normal values, the patients' lymphocytes were reduced (four [80%] patients), and liver functions alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (two [40%] patients and two [40%] patients) and C‐reactive protein (four [80%] patients) were increased when admitted to hospital. They stayed in the hospital for 14, 30, 17, 12, and 19 days (28.4 ± 7.02), respectively. The main complications for the patients were acute respiratory distress syndrome (one [20%] patients), acute liver injury (three [60%] patients), and diarrhea (two [40%] patients). All patients were given antiviral therapy (including oseltamivir), oxygen inhalation, and antibiotics. Three patients were treated with glucocorticoids including two treated with oral glucocorticoids. One of the five patients had transient hemostatic medication for hemoptysis. Fortunately, all patients did not need intensive care unit and were discharged from the hospital without death. In conclusion, those patients with both COVID‐19 and influenza virus infection did not appear to show a more severe condition because based on the laboratory findings, imaging studies, and patient prognosis, they showed similar clinical characteristics as those patients with COVID‐19 infection only. However, it is worth noting that the symptoms of nasal tampon and pharyngalgia may be more prone to appear for those coinfection patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32196707/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25781 id: cord-349898-nvi8h77t author: Dinh, Ly title: COVID‐19 pandemic and information diffusion analysis on Twitter date: 2020-10-22 words: 4774.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349898-nvi8h77t.txt summary: Specifically, we compare COVID-19 virus''s (a) SIR -modeled and (b) empirically observed diffusion patterns with (c) information cascades of retweeting, quote tweeting, and replying behaviors on Twitter social network to understand the relationships between information and virus diffusion. The first two networks are created to capture the diffusion of the COVID-19 virus in the entire population, via an SIR simulated model (SIRsim) and an observed model based on reported data about infected (I), and removed (R) cases (SIRemp). The third network is constructed from information cascades on Twitter (we call this INFOcas), where infected (I) are tweets that interacted with the original tweets about COVID-19 by either retweeting, quoting, or replying, and removed (R) include tweets that are no longer interacted with for a defined period. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted all aspects of our lives, including the information spread on social media. Prior literature has found that information diffusion dynamics on social networks mirror that of a virus, but applying the epidemic Susceptible‐Infected‐Removed model (SIR) model to examine how information spread is not sufficient to claim that information spreads like a virus. In this study, we explore whether there are similarities in the simulated SIR model (SIRsim), observed SIR model based on actual COVID‐19 cases (SIRemp), and observed information cascades on Twitter about the virus (INFOcas) by using network analysis and diffusion modeling. We propose three primary research questions: (a) What are the diffusion patterns of COVID‐19 virus spread, based on SIRsim and SIRemp? (b) What are the diffusion patterns of information cascades on Twitter (INFOcas), with respect to retweets, quote tweets, and replies? and (c) What are the major differences in diffusion patterns between SIRsim, SIRemp, and INFOcas? Our study makes a contribution to the information sciences community by showing how epidemic modeling of virus and information diffusion analysis of online social media are distinct but interrelated concepts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173813/ doi: 10.1002/pra2.252 id: cord-303660-2bxpqhro author: Direkoglu, C. title: Worldwide and Regional Forecasting of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Spread using a Deep Learning Model date: 2020-05-26 words: 3985.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303660-2bxpqhro.txt summary: We design a deep neural network, which consist of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) layer, dropout layer, and fully connected layers, to analyze the reported Covid-19 cases and predict the possible future scenarios for the spread in China, Europe, Middle East and worldwide. Forecasting cumulative total number of Covid-19 cases worldwide using a model with RMSE of 39699 predicts that outbreak size may reach to 2,600,000 within the next 10 days and continue to grow linearly. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111039 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 8 : Forecasting cumulative total number of deaths from Covid-19 worldwide using a model with RMSE of 5657.1; predicts that the death toll may increase to 100,000 within the next 10 days. We design a deep learning model to forecast the spread of the novel coronavirus, Covid-19, in China, Europe, Middle East region and worldwide. abstract: In December 2019, Covid-19 epidemic was identified in Wuhan, China. Covid-19 may cause fatality especially among elderly, and people with chronic health problems. After human to human transmissions of the disease, it has rapidly spread throughout China, and then the outbreak has reached to neighboring countries in Asia. Now, the spread of the virus is accelerating in the world, and increasing number of new cases has been reported daily in Europe, Middle East, Africa and America regions. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) also announced Covid-19 as a Pandemic. As of 3 April, worldwide around more than 1 million cases and around 60,000 fatalities are reported. Thus, forecasting regional and worldwide outbreak size of Covid-19 is important in order to take necessary actions regarding to preparedness plans and mitigation interventions. In this work, we design a deep learning model, which is an effective artificial intelligence method, to provide regional and worldwide forecasts. Particularly for worldwide, our approach predicts the cumulative number of cases, cumulative number of deaths and daily new cases. For Europe and Middle East regions, we predict the cumulative number of cases, and for Mainland China we predict daily new cases and the cumulative number of deaths. We predict the next 10 days based on the previously reported actual time series data of Covid-19. For worldwide forecasts, we use the data provided by Worldometers. For Europe and Middle East forecasts, we use the data provided by World Health Organization, and for China Mainland forecasts, the data is obtained from Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. This is the first time that a deep learning model has been employed for Covid-19 spread prediction, solely based on the known reported cases of Covid-19. The proposed deep learning architecture consists of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) layer, dropout layer, and fully connected layers to predict regional and worldwide forecasts. We evaluate our approach with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metric. For forecasting, we use the network models that give the minimum RMSE on the last 3 days of actual data. Networks, which achieves the minimum RMSE on the last 3 days, are used to predict the next 10 days. Every day, the spread and situations are changing. Our approach can take into account these real-time changes; the deep learning model can be re-trained with new daily data and perform real-time forecasting. Results show that the proposed deep learning model is promising, it can predict possible scenarios regionally and globally for the spread of Covid-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.20111039v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111039 id: cord-344246-sf9cymhc author: Diriba, Kuma title: The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 words: 5141.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344246-sf9cymhc.txt summary: Previous outbreaks of coronaviruses include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV epidemic in 2003 [2] and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV in 2012 [3] , while the newly emergent coronavirus, initially referred to as 2019-nCoV and subsequently termed SARS-CoV-2, the disease it produces has been termed COVID-19, which causes respiratory infection and can progress to severe pneumonia and, in a small number of cases, death [4] . A systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to assess the effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and its possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O''Malley [15] . The primary outcome variable of this study was the pregnancy outcomes observed, listed as follows: preterm birth (PTB; either before 37 or 34 weeks of gestation), preeclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, (pPROM), fetal growth restriction (FGR), miscarriage, maternal death, mode of delivery and other clinical feature, laboratory findings and coexisting disease. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus is challenging the global health care system from time to time. The pregnant state, with alterations in hormone levels and decreased lung volumes due to a gravid uterus and slightly immunocompromised state may predispose patients to a more rapidly deteriorating clinical course and can get a greater risk of harm for both the mother and fetus. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed to assess the effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and its possibility of vertical maternal–fetal transmission. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library until the end of April. All authors independently extracted all necessary data using excel spreadsheet form. Only published articles with fully accessible data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, MARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 were included. Data on clinical manifestations, maternal and perinatal outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULT: Out of 879 articles reviewed, 39 studies involving 1316 pregnant women were included. The most common clinical features were fever, cough, and myalgia with prevalence ranging from 30 to 97%, while lymphocytopenia and C-reactive protein were the most common abnormal laboratory findings (55–100%). Pneumonia was the most diagnosed clinical symptom of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 infection with prevalence ranged from 71 to 89%. Bilateral pneumonia (57.9%) and ground-glass opacity (65.8%) were the most common CT imaging reported. The most common treatment options used were hydroxychloroquine (79.7%), ribavirin (65.2%), and oxygen therapy (78.8%). Regarding maternal outcome, the rate of preterm birth < 37 weeks of gestation was 14.3%, preeclampsia (5.9%), miscarriage (14.5%, preterm premature rupture of membranes (9.2%) and fetal growth restriction (2.8%). From the total coronavirus infected pregnant women, 56.9% delivered by cesarean, 31.3% admitted to ICU, while 2.7% were died. Among the perinatal outcomes, fetal distress rated (26.5%), neonatal asphyxia rated (1.4%). Only, 1.2% of neonates had apgar score < 7 at 5 min. Neonate admitted to ICU was rated 11.3%, while the rate of perinatal death was 2.2%. In the current review, none of the studies reported transmission of CoV from the mother to the fetus in utero during the study period. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus infection is more likely to affect pregnant women. Respiratory infectious diseases have demonstrated an increased risk of adverse maternal obstetrical complications than the general population due to physiological changes occurred during pregnancy. None of the studies reported transmission of CoV from the mother to the fetus in utero, which may be due to a very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in early maternal–fetal interface cells. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32887660/ doi: 10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w id: cord-325896-vbwo2djw author: Dirlikov, Emilio title: CDC Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 Emergency Public Health Response — United States, January 21–July 25, 2020 date: 2020-10-02 words: 2898.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325896-vbwo2djw.txt summary: During January 21-July 25, in response to official requests for assistance, 1,009 CDC staff members participated in 208 CDC deployment teams to assist 55 state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments with COVID-19 emergency public health response activities (Figure 1)*; some persons deployed multiple times. Location of deployments* by CDC staff members to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments -United States, January 21-July 25, 2020 and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in high-risk congregate settings, which often include populations at increased risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes, such as longterm care facilities (53 teams; 26%), food processing facilities (24 teams; 12%), correctional facilities (12; 6%), and settings that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness (10; 5%). CDC continues to respond to official requests for assistance from state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments toward supporting COVID-19 emergency public health response activities, including through the deployment of CDC staff members. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. During January 21-July 25, 2020, in response to official requests for assistance with COVID-19 emergency public health response activities, CDC deployed 208 teams to assist 55 state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments. CDC deployment data were analyzed to summarize activities by deployed CDC teams in assisting state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to identify and implement measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 transmission (1). Deployed teams assisted with the investigation of transmission in high-risk congregate settings, such as long-term care facilities (53 deployments; 26% of total), food processing facilities (24; 12%), correctional facilities (12; 6%), and settings that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness (10; 5%). Among the 208 deployed teams, 178 (85%) provided assistance to state health departments, 12 (6%) to tribal health departments, 10 (5%) to local health departments, and eight (4%) to territorial health departments. CDC collaborations with health departments have strengthened local capacity and provided outbreak response support. Collaborations focused attention on health equity issues among disproportionately affected populations (e.g., racial and ethnic minority populations, essential frontline workers, and persons experiencing homelessness) and through a place-based focus (e.g., persons living in rural or frontier areas). These collaborations also facilitated enhanced characterization of COVID-19 epidemiology, directly contributing to CDC data-informed guidance, including guidance for serial testing as a containment strategy in high-risk congregate settings, targeted interventions and prevention efforts among workers at food processing facilities, and social distancing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001876/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6939a3 id: cord-292629-5kh46tks author: Divala, Titus title: Africa faces difficult choices in responding to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 475.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292629-5kh46tks.txt summary: To flatten the curve, some African governments have imposed stringent public health measures (lockdown) based on physical distancing to reduce transmission. We used Spiegelhalter''s approach to compare age-group specific infection fatality ratios from COVID-19 to background (non-COVID-19) mortality risk in Malawi, South Africa, the UK, and India. 3-5 This assumes COVID-19 infection fatality ratios similar to China, but true age-specific casefatality rates might be higher with fragile health systems. We estimate that in the UK, having COVID-19 confers risk of death equivalent to approximately 12 months of background mortality risk, averaged across all age groups. By contrast, in Malawi this risk is equivalent to 4 months of background mortality (appendix). This reflects higher background mortality rates in Malawi, underscoring the fragility of health under normal circumstances. Without a context-specific, ethical approach to physical distancing, unintended harms from stringent lockdown could pose more harm than the direct effects of COVID-19 itself. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31056-4 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31056-4 id: cord-286084-2275xvxb author: Dixit, Alok title: Ivermectin: Potential Role as Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-19 words: 2238.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286084-2275xvxb.txt summary: Currently there is no effective treatment for coronavirus infection; major effort is to develop vaccine against the virus and development of therapeutic drugs for the disease. IVM is shown to be effective in vitro against RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), dengue virus (DENV), influenza, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Zika virus (14) . Currently, remdesivir is a promising potential therapy for COVID-19 due to its broad-spectrum and potent in vitro activity against several novel coronavirus (nCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 with EC 50 (half maximal effective concentration) and EC 90 (concentration to induce 90% maximal response) values of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively (8). IVM which is a widely used as antiparasitic drug has shown to have antiviral activity in in vitro studies against HIV, dengue, influenza, VEEV and Zika virus. Studies are available for its use against RNA virus and have also been tested for its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. abstract: Severe acute respiratory illness caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in late December 2019 is an extremely communicable disease. World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic as it has spread to at least 200 countries in a short span of time. Being a new disease there is lack of information about pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of this new coronavirus. Currently there is no effective treatment for coronavirus infection; major effort is to develop vaccine against the virus and development of therapeutic drugs for the disease. The development of genome-based vaccine and therapeutic antibodies require thorough testing for safety and will be available after some time. In the meanwhile, the available practical approach is to repurpose existing therapeutic agents, with proven safety record as a rapid response measure for the current pandemic. Here we discuss the presently used repurposed drugs for COVID-19 and the potential for ivermectin (IVM) to be used as a therapeutic option in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.15 doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.15 id: cord-337142-3n9edoy8 author: Djakpo, Dodji Kossi title: Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-08-07 words: 1965.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337142-3n9edoy8.txt summary: The CBCs of these patients, following a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, were retrospectively analyzed and a significant P<0.05 was found after a full statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS). CBC analysis revealed changes in the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). This report aims at investigating the significant changes observed in the CBC of mild and common COVID-19 patients. In addition, the present study found a statistical difference between comorbid groups for these five laboratory parameters: RBC (P=0.001), HGB (P=0.004), HCT (P=0.01), MCV (P=0.01), and CRP (P=0.027). In summary, the present study has shown the CBCs of 208 mild and common COVID-19 cases and the most likely laboratory findings in these patients were abnormalities in RBCs, HGB, HCT, and CRP. abstract: The new 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), has been characterized as a pandemic. As more is being discovered about this virus, we aim to report findings of the complete blood count (CBC) of COVID-19 patients. This would serve in providing physicians with important knowledge on the changes that can be expected from the CBC of mild and normal COVID-19 patients. A total of 208 mild and common patients were admitted at the Dongnan Hospital located in the city of Xiaogan, Hubei, China. The CBCs of these patients, following a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, were retrospectively analyzed and a significant P<0.05 was found after a full statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS). CBC analysis revealed changes in the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Clinicians should expect similar findings when dealing with the new COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20200817 doi: 10.1042/bsr20200817 id: cord-334864-aak4wlgs author: Djalante, Riyanti title: COVID-19 and the ASEAN responses: Comparison and analysis through policy science date: 2020-10-22 words: 3304.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334864-aak4wlgs.txt summary: We argue that existing regional health collaboration since 2003 and coupled with the One-ASEAN-One Response framework should have provided a strong foundation for the region to deal with the impact of COVID-19. Although, between March and April 2020, ASEAN reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. Although, between March and April 2020, ASEAN reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. To compare these responses utilising policy science viewpoints and identify lessons learnt on how to strengthen regional responses and in the long term, the health systems resilience of ASEAN and its member states. Toward broader ASEAN health system resilience This paper has documented and analysed ASEAN as a regional organisation and the 10 member states respond to COVID-19. In March and April 2020, ASEAN has actively reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 abstract: The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The pandemic has brought havoc globally as more than 190 countries and territories are affected as of 30 April 2030. COVID-19 crisis suggests that no country can deal with the pandemic alone. International cooperation including regional cooperation is essential for any country to survive COVID-19. We are particularly interested in Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) cooperation and performance under COVID-19 because it has been one of the regions where regional cooperation on health security has been functioning based on lessons from SARS 2003 and H1N1 2009. The “One Vision, One Identity, One Community” of ASEAN has merits under COVID-19 response but remains invisible. The method encompasses analysis of published materials issued by and accessible from the ASEAN website, complemented with analysis for media articles including social media, supported by published academic journal articles. All of the authors have expertise on ASEAN policies in the field of health, disasters, and regional policy and planning. Some authors have also worked from various international organizations working on issues related to the ASEAN region. This paper aims to document and analyse how ASEAN member states respond to COVID-19. It asks how to cooperate under the One-ASEAN-One Response framework in the context of COVID-19. This paper also compares the 10 member states' policy responses to COVID-19 from January to April 2020. We utilise the framework of policy sciences to analyse the responses. We found that the early regional response was slow and lack of unity (January–February 2020). Extensive early measures taken by each member state are the key to the success to curb the spread of the virus. Although, during March and April 2020, ASEAN has reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. Strengthening future collaboration should be implemented by recognizing that there is a more coherent, multi sectoral, multi stakeholders and whole-of-ASEAN Community approach in ensuring ASEAN's timely and effective response to the pandemic. Finally, we call for the COVID-19 recovery should allow for healthy, just, resilient and sustainable ASEAN. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061720300661?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100129 id: cord-218324-gqiapgiv author: Dlotko, Pawel title: Visualising the Evolution of English Covid-19 Cases with Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper date: 2020-04-07 words: 3586.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-218324-gqiapgiv.txt summary: Using the Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper algorithm we construct an abstract representation of NUTS3 level economic data, overlaying onto it the confirmed cases of Covid-19 in England. Where summary statistics speak of trends, and maps of cases help get a visual handle on the spatial scale, Topological Data Analysis (TDA) after Carlsson (2009) and particularly the Ball Mapper (BM) algorithm of D lotko (2019) can quickly highlight patterns within the characteristics of communities for policy to attend to. This short note, firstly, contributes a first look at how BM produces an abstract two dimensional representation of NUTS3 data and how, by doing so, we can see where in the characteristic space cases are particularly fast rising in terms of number of infections. This contribution to the literature owes much to the pioneering work in combining high, and low, frequency data to marry annually updated regional characteristics with the daily information on Covid-19 cases. abstract: Understanding disease spread through data visualisation has concentrated on trends and maps. Whilst these are helpful, they neglect important multi-dimensional interactions between characteristics of communities. Using the Topological Data Analysis Ball Mapper algorithm we construct an abstract representation of NUTS3 level economic data, overlaying onto it the confirmed cases of Covid-19 in England. In so doing we may understand how the disease spreads on different socio-economical dimensions. It is observed that some areas of the characteristic space have quickly raced to the highest levels of infection, while others close by in the characteristic space, do not show large infection growth. Likewise, we see patterns emerging in very different areas that command more monitoring. A strong contribution for Topological Data Analysis, and the Ball Mapper algorithm especially, in comprehending dynamic epidemic data is signposted. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03282v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-294304-9w6zt778 author: Doanvo, Anhvinh title: Machine Learning Maps Research Needs in COVID-19 Literature date: 2020-09-16 words: 5506.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294304-9w6zt778.txt summary: The projection values of COVID-19 abstracts on PC2 were lower and associated with 11 emergent COVID-19 clinical-, modeling-or field-based (CMF) research -such as observational, 12 clinical, and epidemiological studies -exemplified by stem terms "patient", "pandem", "estim", 13 and "case". 14 Furthermore, we developed a framework that improves upon existing bibliometric studies 15 in three key ways; namely, our approach (1) maps connections between publications by relying 16 directly on the abstracts instead of the narrow information gained from metadata as in other 17 bibliometric analyses, including those from other fields 9,10 ; (2) uses ML to explore latent 18 semantic information of vast scale and complexity to identify hidden trends; and (3) does not 19 rely on any a priori knowledge of what topics we expect coronavirus literature to cover but 20 rather highlights them without any preconceived assumptions. abstract: As of August 2020, thousands of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications have been produced. Manual assessment of their scope is an overwhelming task, and shortcuts through metadata analysis (e.g., keywords) assume that studies are properly tagged. However, machine learning approaches can rapidly survey the actual text of publication abstracts to identify research overlap between COVID-19 and other coronaviruses, research hotspots, and areas warranting exploration. We propose a fast, scalable, and reusable framework to parse novel disease literature. When applied to the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), dimensionality reduction suggests that COVID-19 studies to date are primarily clinical-, modeling- or field-based, in contrast to the vast quantity of laboratory-driven research for other (non-COVID-19) coronavirus diseases. Furthermore, topic modeling indicates that COVID-19 publications have focused on public health, outbreak reporting, clinical care, and testing for coronaviruses, as opposed to the more limited number focused on basic microbiology, including pathogenesis and transmission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389920301641?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100123 id: cord-326272-ya3r0h1t author: Dobesh, Paul P. title: Coagulopathy, Venous Thromboembolism, and Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 8597.0 sentences: 528.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326272-ya3r0h1t.txt summary: 30 Other trials have evaluated VTE rates in CUS screened ICU patients with COVID-19 receiving pharmacologic prophylaxis with rates as high as 69% to 85%, which are higher than reported in typical ICU patients (Table 3) . Most hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are over age 40 years and have a number of risk factors for VTE, such as pneumonia, obesity, immobility, respiratory disease, elevated D-dimer levels, as well as potentially underlying heart failure, smoking, varicose veins, cancer, and previous VTE. 82 An observational cohort study of critically ill patients with severe ARDS from H1N1 viral pneumonia demonstrated that empiric systemic heparinization titrated to a goal heparin level of 0.3 -0.7 anti-Xa units/mL was significantly better at reducing VTE rates than standard prophylactic doses of either UFH or LMWH. 32 As discussed previously, a number of observational studies have reported higher than expected rates of VTE in critically ill patients with COVID-19, despite the use of standard dose anticoagulant prophylaxis. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)has led to a world‐wide pandemic, and patients with the infection are referred to as having COVID‐19. Although COVID‐19 is commonly considered a respiratory disease, there is clearly a thrombotic potential that was not expected. The pathophysiology of the disease and subsequent coagulopathy produce an inflammatory, hypercoagulable, and hypofibrinolytic state. Several observational studies have demonstrated surprisingly high rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in both general ward and intensive care patients with COVID‐19. Many of these observational studies demonstrate high rates of VTE despite patients being on standard, or even higher intensity, pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis. Fibrinolytic therapy has also been used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unfortunately, high quality randomized controlled trials are lacking. A literature search was performed to provide the most up‐to‐date information on the pathophysiology, coagulopathy, risk of VTE, and prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19. These topics are reviewed in detail, along with practical issues of anticoagulant selection and duration. Although a number of international organizations have produced guideline or consensus statements, they do not all cover the same issues regarding anticoagulant therapy for patients with COVID‐19, and they do not all agree. These statements and the most recent literature are combined into a list of clinical considerations that clinicians can use for the prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2465 doi: 10.1002/phar.2465 id: cord-209619-hy27h1nd author: Dobin, Daniel title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities date: 2020-04-25 words: 1587.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-209619-hy27h1nd.txt summary: title: Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities of Covid-19 attacks rates in Suffolk County communities We investigated the dependence of Covid-19 attack rates on demographic and socioeconomic factors for the communities in Suffolk County (Long Island, New York State), presently the 5th most-affected county in the United States. Confirming the previous observations that minorities are disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 disease, we found that the attack rate is strongly correlated with the minority population proportion, with an alarmingly high $sim4$-fold attack rate increase for Black and Hispanic populations. In this work, we investigated the dependence of Covid-19 attack rate on racial/ethnic composition and several socioeconomic metrics for the communities in Suffolk County (Long Island, New York state), presently the 5th most affected county in the United States. We found that the attack rate is strongly correlated with the minority population percentage, confirming the previous observation that minorities are much stronger affected by the Covid-19 disease. abstract: We investigated the dependence of Covid-19 attack rates on demographic and socioeconomic factors for the communities in Suffolk County (Long Island, New York State), presently the 5th most-affected county in the United States. Confirming the previous observations that minorities are disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 disease, we found that the attack rate is strongly correlated with the minority population proportion, with an alarmingly high $sim4$-fold attack rate increase for Black and Hispanic populations. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12175v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-255694-cdpsy36f author: Dobler, Claudia C. title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 1203.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255694-cdpsy36f.txt summary: title: Poor quality research and clinical practice during COVID-19 Breathe Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler on how #COVID19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice https://bit.ly/3cX0jpO COVID-19, however, also highlights and amplifies some of the challenges clinical research and practice are facing in general. There are numerous trials on different drug interventions competing for the same pool of COVID-19 patients, many with poor study design (e.g. small sample size, no comparator group, not randomised, single centre and no study protocol publicly available) [1] . On 17 May 2020, 1528 studies were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov using the term "COVID", of which only three were randomised trials to assess NIPPV, despite the urgent need for evidence to inform clinical practice in this area. Clinicians'' cognitive biases: a potential barrier to implementation of evidence-based clinical practice COVID-19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice abstract: Breathe Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler on how #COVID19 amplifies flaws in clinical research and practice https://bit.ly/3cX0jpO url: https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0112-2020 doi: 10.1183/20734735.0112-2020 id: cord-325938-hb6fvgem author: Dobler, Claudia C. title: Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 2557.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325938-hb6fvgem.txt summary: Amid increasing concerns of medical professionals about the harms associated with invasive ventilation, there is interest to explore the role of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to In this commentary we aim to summarize what is known about the role of NIPPV in patients with AHRF and ARDS due to COVID-19 and other viral infections, point out evidence gaps and make a case for consideration of NIPVV as a possible alternative to early intubation in patients with COVID-19. Severity of respiratory failure and outcome of patients needing a ventilatory support in the Emergency Department during Italian novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 outbreak: Preliminary data on the role of Helmet CPAP and Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025619620311289 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.001 id: cord-311477-gm0vg53l author: Doboszewska, Urszula title: Targeting zinc metalloenzymes in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 6194.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311477-gm0vg53l.txt summary: We attempt to integrate data on the effects of agents targeting zinc fingers in viral metalloenzymes (zinc fingers targeting agents), which cause removal of zinc from the proteins, thus destabilizing the proteins and leading to increased intracellular concentration of zinc ions, and other agents which induce changes in intracellular levels of zinc (zinc ionophores), with data on consequences of altered level of intracellular zinc, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and related pathogens. Chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug (Blount, 1967) , was demonstrated to block virus infection at low micromolar concentration in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 , thus suggesting the possible use of chloroquine in patients with COVID-19. With regard to COVID-19, a novel drug would target labile zinc fingers in SARS-CoV-2 proteins, thus destroying the proteins and producing an increase in intracellular concentration of zinc ions. abstract: Several lines of evidence support a link between the essential element zinc and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). An important fact is that zinc is present in proteins of humans and of viruses. Some zinc sites in viral enzymes may serve as drug targets and may liberate zinc ions, thus leading to changes in intracellular concentration of zinc ions, while increased intracellular zinc may induce biological effects in both the host and the virus. Drugs such as chloroquine may contribute to increased intracellular zinc. Moreover, clinical trials on the use of zinc alone or in addition to other drugs in the prophylaxis/treatment of COVID‐19 are ongoing. Thereby, we aim to discuss the rationale for targeting zinc metalloenzymes with regard to COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671829/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15199 id: cord-009749-mdkuf5bd author: Dobran, Mauro title: Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding “Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.” Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w date: 2020-04-17 words: 719.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009749-mdkuf5bd.txt summary: title: Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding "Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy." Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Fontanella "Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy" [4] . In Italy since February 2020 spread a massive coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a great number of infected patients and deaths. To contrast the infection spread on March 2020 in Italy was declared the lockdown and the neurosurgical activity of the Department of Neurosurgery AOU Ancona-Italy was centered on emergency and oncological pathology. In nonhospitalized patients admitted to hospital for urgent surgery, a swab test is performed but, because of the long time for its result, when a surgical procedure is urgent a pulmonary CT scan is performed to search for a COVID-19 pneumonia. Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164332/ doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04332-7 id: cord-283663-odrkfguc author: Dobson, Dre''Von A. title: COVID‐19 pandemic perspectives: A scientific silver lining? date: 2020-09-28 words: 1447.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283663-odrkfguc.txt summary: This forum examines potentially positive changes that have occurred within the scientific community amid the chaotic pandemic. In forcing scientists away from their lab benches, COVID‐19 has created time and space for more conversations about science and experimental design. Amid the many negative impacts COVID-19 has had on science and the scientific community, are there positives that have been overlooked? These observations suggest that even after this pandemic is over, prioritizing videoconferencing over teleconferencing for scientific communications will enhance involvement and interaction across our field. Of course, transforming the scientific community into an inclusive, equitable, problem-solving task force requires that we carry this commitment beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Staying connected over distances, collaborating with scientists outside of our disciplines, valuing time for planning and reviewing data, and affirming our commitment to diversity within our ranks should not end when the COVID-19 pandemic is over. abstract: Accounts of the numerous negative effects caused by COVID‐19 are pervasive, but few perspectives have identified any positive impacts of this massive societal shift. This forum examines potentially positive changes that have occurred within the scientific community amid the chaotic pandemic. Among these positives are the formation of virtual supergroups and an interdisciplinary brain trust. In forcing scientists away from their lab benches, COVID‐19 has created time and space for more conversations about science and experimental design. Being away from the lab in this time of social unrest has also given scientists time to directly address institutional racism and its suppression of diversity in science. Although COVID‐19 has been an unforeseen disaster of epic proportions, some of the resulting changes in our scientific community should remain in place after the pandemic is over. By leveraging these small wins, we will undoubtedly return to our laboratories stronger, smarter, and more efficient. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134774/ doi: 10.1002/rth2.12432 id: cord-274677-7kcoodyv author: Dobson, Hanna title: Burnout and psychological distress amongst Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-12 words: 1696.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274677-7kcoodyv.txt summary: RESULTS: HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. Demographic data were reported, including occupation (senior medial staff, junior medical staff, nursing, allied health, other), gender (male, female, non-binary), age, past psychiatric history and years of experience. The primary outcome was self-reported levels of psychological distress (symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD) experienced during the 2 weeks prior to the survey. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; range 0-27), 10 seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7; range 0-21), 11 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R; range 0-88), 12 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10, range 0-40), 13 and Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI; burnout range 0-40) 14 were used to assess the severity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, resilience and burnout, respectively. Rates of burnout, depression, anxiety and PTSD differed across the professions sampled; senior medical staff reported the lowest levels of psychological distress. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine psychological distress in healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in April–May 2020. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey examining demographic, employment and mental health characteristics of HCWs in a large metropolitan hospital in Australia. RESULTS: HCWs showed significant symptoms of moderate-severe level depression (21%), anxiety (20%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 29%), associated with burnout, prior psychiatric history, profession and resilience. CONCLUSION: Despite low levels of COVID contact, moderate to high levels of psychological distress were reported. Continued monitoring and support for HCWs’ mental well-being is warranted as the COVID-19 pandemic develops. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043677/ doi: 10.1177/1039856220965045 id: cord-260039-k9rs3dql author: Doerre, A. title: Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-08 words: 5858.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt summary: Aim: The aim of our study is to develop an ageand sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates. We develop an SEIRD-model that incorporates age-and sex-specific contacts, which shape transmission rates. The model can be used to develop scenarios which address the effects of age-and gender-specific changes in contacts due to the closing of schools, kindergarten and shops, or work in home office, as well as to explore the effect lifting of these measures. Incorporating age-and sex-specific contact rates in a COVID-19 compartment model permits exploration of the effects of changes in mitigation measures on the two genders. Our projections do not set out to forecast the actual number of COVID-19 infections in a time span of about two months, they rather assess the effect of increased contacts on the infection and mortality risks of the two genders and the various age groups. abstract: Background: Recent research points towards age- and sex-specific transmission of COVID-19 infections and their outcomes. The effect of sex, however, has been overlooked in past modelling approaches of COVID-19 infections. Aim: The aim of our study is to develop an age- and sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates. Method: We consider a compartment model to establish forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic, in which the compartments are subdivided into different age groups and genders. Estimated contact patterns, based on other studies, are incorporated to account for age- and sex-specific social behaviour. The model is fitted to real data and used for assessing hypothetical scenarios with regard to lockdown measures. Results: Under current mitigation measures as of mid-August, active COVID-19 cases will double by the end of October 2020. Infection rates will be highest among the young and working ages, but will also rise among the old. Sex ratios reveal higher infection risks among women than men at working ages; the opposite holds true at old age. Death rates in all age groups are twice as high among men as women. Small changes in contact rates at working and young ages may have a considerable effect on infections and mortality at old age, with elderly men being always at higher risk of infection and mortality. Discussion: Our results underline the high importance of the non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures in the current phase of the pandemic to prevent that an increase in contact rates leads to higher mortality among the elderly. Gender differences in contact rates, in addition to biological mechanisms related to the immune system, may contribute to sex-specific infection rates and their mortality outcome. To further explore possible pathways, more data on COVID-19 transmission is needed which includes socio-demographic information. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.06.20207951v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.06.20207951 id: cord-252843-vd81pftu author: Doherty, Tanya title: Building back from the ground up: the vital role of communities date: 2020-10-07 words: 2001.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252843-vd81pftu.txt summary: Governments in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) followed the approaches adopted by the Global North and advocated by international bodies such as the WHO, and instituted varying degrees of nationwide stay at home orders (lockdowns) from strict restrictions (such as in South Africa, India and Zimbabwe) to weakly enforced lockdown as in Brazil. ► Investing in community cadres and organisations has the potential to build social solidarity, mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and strengthen intersectoral collaboration and safety nets for future crises. While LMIC governments have focussed almost exclusively on reducing COVID-19 case numbers, many communities organised themselves with ''ground-up'' mitigation measures to address the worsening unintended effects. The intense lockdown periods and burden of COVID-19-related illness have revealed the inadequacies of strained, under-resourced public health facilities, and in some instances inept LMIC governments'' responses to crises; and the critical role of resilient, mobilised community structures. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028703/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003928 id: cord-277755-wglxa801 author: Dohlman, Jenny C. title: COVID-19 and Ophthalmologic Education: A Call to Innovate date: 2020-09-19 words: 787.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277755-wglxa801.txt summary: At my own institution, residents have been redistributed from operating rooms and clinics, now cancelled, to essential care only, covering our eye-specific emergency room, inpatient ophthalmology consults and a COVID step-down unit. Across the country, many of my peers have been redeployed from ophthalmology entirely, working exclusively in COVID ICUs, general emergency rooms, and general medicine floors as the clinical demands of the pandemic have outpaced the human resources necessary to care for these patients. 2 While it is apparent that surgical and clinical training have suffered over the past few months as a result of this shift in priorities, it is also true that this challenge has led to rapid innovation in how we teach, learn, and exchange ideas. 5 While it is evident that the education of current trainees in ophthalmology has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, this challenge has also led to rapid innovation in the spheres of education, telemedicine, and research that otherwise never could have happened on such a large and sweeping scale. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S000293942030372X doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.045 id: cord-258877-6hy37qxa author: Dolgikh, S. title: Covid-19 vs BCG Universal Immunization: Statistical Significance at Six Months of Exposure date: 2020-09-08 words: 3862.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258877-6hy37qxa.txt summary: The intent of this work was to analyze publicly available Covid-19 epidemiological data by reporting national and subnational jurisdictions with respect to the hypothesized induced immunity population-scale protection resulting from a universal BCG vaccination policy (UBIP), current or previous, and attempt both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hypothesis of correlation between a current or previous UBIP in the jurisdiction and a milder scenario of Covid-19 epidemics; to verify the assumptions, results and conclusions of the earlier studies [1, 2, [4] [5] [6] with a specific objective to determine, in a quantitative analysis, the constraints and confidence of the correlation and null hypotheses. We use qualitative methods such as case comparison, trend analysis and quantitative ones such evaluation of statistical parameters to analyze trends in development of the epidemiological situation across monitored jurisdictions with the intent to evaluate the significance of the correlation hypothesis between the impact of Covid-19 epidemics and a record of universal BCG immunization. abstract: With a time-adjusted dataset of Covid-19 statistical data by reporting jurisdiction at the time point of six months after the local epidemics landfall we perform a statistical analysis of the significance of the correlation hypothesis between universal BCG immunization and milder Covid-19 scenarios proposed in the earlier studies. With the data accumulated to date the statistical significance of the BCG immunization correlation hypothesis is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively with the conclusion that it has achieved a significant level of confidence. The conclusions of this research can be used in public policy as well as the rationale to investigate the nature and working of a potential broad immunity mechanism associated with an early-age BCG exposure. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.06.20189423v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.06.20189423 id: cord-275136-7atkrkhd author: Dolin, Raphael title: Remdesivir — An Important First Step date: 2020-05-27 words: 996.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275136-7atkrkhd.txt summary: have provided in the Journal the first report of an effective treatment for Covid-19, resulting from a rigorously designed and conducted clinical trial. On May 1, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir to treat adults and children with severe Covid-19. However, the effect on time to recovery was observed largely in patients who entered the study in the severe disease stratum (12 days in remdesivir recipients, as compared with 18 days in placebo recipients). The findings in the trial suggest that the timing of initiation of treatment with an antiviral such as remdesivir, as well as the underlying clinical status of the patient, may have important effects on the outcomes of therapy. In an accompanying article by Goldman et al., investigators studied the effects of remdesivir on Covid-19 outcomes when treatment was given for 5 days as compared with 10 days. shows that remdesivir provides moderate clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with Covid-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme2018715 doi: 10.1056/nejme2018715 id: cord-309171-kgc7lgjp author: Dolinger, Michael T. title: Pediatric Crohn''s Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab date: 2020-05-21 words: 1276.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309171-kgc7lgjp.txt summary: We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn''s disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockade. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-α blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn''s disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. 2 We describe a pediatric patient recently diagnosed with Crohn''s disease who developed severe COVID-19 infection successfully treated with infliximab. This is the first reported case of a patient with recently diagnosed Crohn''s disease with suspected MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 treated with infliximab to co-manage both entities. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a severe inflammatory response referred to as a cytokine storm. We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockade. The patient presented with five days of fever, an erythematous maculopapular facial rash, and abdominal pain without respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive. Despite inpatient treatment for COVID-19 and a perianal abscess, the patient acutely decompensated, with worsening fever, tachycardia, fluid-refractory hypotension, elevation of liver enzymes, and transformation of the rash into purpura extending from the face to the trunk, upper and lower extremities, including the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-α blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. Within hours of infliximab treatment, fever, tachycardia and hypotension resolved. Cytokine profile improved with normalization of TNF-α, a decrease in IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations. This case supports a role for blockade of TNF-α in the treatment of COVID-19 inflammatory cascade. The role of anti-TNF agents in patients with MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 requires further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32452979/ doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002809 id: cord-318116-u0swlpug author: Dolores García-Cosío, M. title: Trasplante cardiaco durante la pandemia por coronavirus: organización asistencial y características de los pacientes infectados date: 2020-10-05 words: 1366.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318116-u0swlpug.txt summary: Se mantuvieron las visitas de los pacientes con un TxC más reciente (los primeros 3 meses siguientes al trasplante) en un circuito de protección para la asistencia ambulatoria en nuestro hospital. En nuestro centro se estableció un área sin coronavirus, denominada área intermedia (AI), para evaluar a los pacientes con alto riesgo (receptores de trasplante de órgano sólido, pacientes con un dispositivo de asistencia ventricular y pacientes oncológicos) que requerían una evaluación por sospecha de COVID-19. Se identificó a 15 pacientes con TxC que presentaron un cuadro clínico compatible con COVID-19, y se programaron para ellos llamadas telefónicas 2 veces por semana. La incidencia de la COVID-19 en nuestra población con TxC fue del 8%, a pesar de la indicación de medidas intensivas de protección para esta población en alto riesgo. Según los resultados del presente estudio, puede establecerse un seguimiento seguro de los pacientes con TxC durante la pandemia de COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041431/ doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.019 id: cord-309619-glb2y82u author: Domingo, Pere title: The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-29 words: 9353.0 sentences: 508.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 lights the wick by infecting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and downregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang-1–7)/Mas1R axis. SARS-CoV induces the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 TACE TNF-a converting enzyme TBK1 TANK-binding kinase 1 TLR toll-like receptor TMPRSS2 type II transmembrane serine protease TNF-a tumor necrosis alpha TRAF3 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 XCR1 XCL1 (Chemokine [C motif] ligand 1) and XCL3 (Chemokine [C motif] ligand 3) receptor production of double-membrane vesicles that lack PRRs and can then replicate in these vesicles [18] . COVID-19 patients have high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage SARS-CoV-2 infects primarily type II pneumocytes through binding to the ACE2 receptor. ACE2 = Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; SARS-CoV-2 = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Ang II = Angiotensin II; ROS = Reactive oxygen species; AT1R = Angiotensin 1 receptor; ADAM17 = A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17; TNF-a = Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TMPRSS2 = transmembrane protease serine 2. abstract: The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be envisaged as the dynamic interaction between four vicious feedback loops chained or happening at once. These are the viral loop, the hyperinflammatory loop, the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) axis loop, and the hypercoagulation loop. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 lights the wick by infecting alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and downregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang-1–7)/Mas1R axis. The viral feedback loop includes evading the host's innate response, uncontrolled viral replication, and turning on a hyperactive adaptative immune response. The inflammatory loop is composed of the exuberant inflammatory response feeding back until exploding in an actual cytokine storm. Downregulation of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas1R axis leaves the lung without a critical defense mechanism and turns the scale to the inflammatory side of the RAS. The coagulation loop is a hypercoagulable state caused by the interplay between inflammation and coagulation in an endless feedback loop. The result is a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable state producing acute immune-mediated lung injury and eventually, adult respiratory distress syndrome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102887 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102887 id: cord-344048-lx9krl5v author: Domínguez-Salas, Sara title: Psycho-Emotional Approach to the Psychological Distress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study date: 2020-06-28 words: 5386.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344048-lx9krl5v.txt summary: The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. The variables that showed a predictive ability were sex, age, number of hours consulting information on COVID-19, assessment of the information provided by the media in terms of accessibility, assessment of the information available on the prognosis of the disease, washing hands with hydroalcoholic solution, degree of concern about COVID-19, degree of concern to become infected, belief about the likelihood of survival if infected, level of confidence in the diagnostic ability of the health system, risk of getting infected, the belief about the effectiveness of preventive measures, and the need to offer psychological support to the general population ( Table 5 ). abstract: Anxiety, depression, and stress are common and expected reactions to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this study is to analyze psychological distress in a sample of Spanish population, identifying the predictive nature of the information received, the preventive measures taken, level of concern, beliefs, and knowledge about the infection. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a sample of 4615 participants. Data were collected through a self-prepared questionnaire and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were performed. Of the total participants, 71.98% presented psychological distress. The study population actively sought information about coronavirus, expressed a high level of concern and knowledge, and the most frequent preventive behavior was hand washing. As predictive factors, the degree of concern for COVID-19 was identified (odds ratio (OR) = 1.244, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.179, 1.312]), the number of hours spent consulting information on COVID-19 (OR = 1.038, 95% CI = [1.009, 1.068]), or the need for psychological support (OR = 1.135, 95% CI = [1.094, 1.177]), among others. These results could help design more effective strategies towards a psycho-emotional approach for the population when in similar health crisis situations. There is a need for interventions aimed at the psychological well-being of the population that meet the needs of their reality. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030190 doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030190 id: cord-315157-2p45frlk author: Donell, Simon T. title: Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations date: 2020-08-17 words: 4613.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315157-2p45frlk.txt summary: PURPOSE: To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family''s lives. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. The aim is to help orthopaedic surgeons across Europe (and a wider global audience) with a special interest in elective hip and knee arthroplasty prepare for the resurgence or new outbreak of COVID-19 in their locality. This paper reports the recommendations for individual surgeons on how to prepare for a new lockdown to minimise this impact on their elective hip and knee arthroplasty practice. abstract: PURPOSE: To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted using the terms “COVID-19” or “SARS-Cov-2” and “second wave”. No relevant citations were found to inform on recommendations the plan. Therefore, an expert panel of the European Hip Society and the European Knee Associates was formed to provide the recommendations. RESULTS: Overall, the recommendations consider three phases; review of the first wave, preparation for the next wave, and during the next wave. International and national policies will drive most of the management. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family’s lives. The recommendations expect rigorous data collection during the next wave, so that a cycle of continuous improvement is created to take account of any future waves. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. This involves engaging with hospital managers and other specialities in the planning process. Individuals have responsibilities to themselves, their colleagues, and their families, beyond the actual delivery of elective arthroplasty. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06213-z doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06213-z id: cord-343072-3wuh6k6g author: Dong, Mengying title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling date: 2020-03-30 words: 3321.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343072-3wuh6k6g.txt summary: title: Understand Research Hotspots Surrounding COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Infections Using Topic Modeling (9) and Md Mahbub Hossain MBBS (10) have performed bibliometric analysis to evaluate the scientific literature on coronavirus infections as well as COVID-19, basing on indicators such as the number of articles, the productivity of authors, geographic distribution of articles and prominent keywords. The purpose of this work was to conduct LDA modeling for semantic and quantitative evaluations of the current status of literature on CoV infections as well as COVID-19, identify broad research topics and how these topics interact with one another. We found that topics of clinical characterization, epidemiology, and virus transmission are hotspots for COVID-19 at present, while research on pathogenesis, therapeutics, virus diagnostics, vaccines and viral genomics are urgently needed. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 total, 1,482 articles were identified as COVID-19-related research. abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes severe respiratory illness in humans, which eventually results in the current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) around the world. The research community is interested to know what are the hotspots in coronavirus (CoV) research and how much is known about COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of publications involving coronaviruses as well as COVID-19 by using a topic modeling analysis. Methods: We extracted all abstracts and retained the most informative words from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, which contains all the 35,092 pieces of coronavirus related literature published up to March 20, 2020. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation modeling, we trained an eight-topic model from the corpus. We then analyzed the semantic relationships between topics and compared the topic distribution between COVID-19 and other CoV infections. Results: Eight topics emerged overall: clinical characterization, pathogenesis research, therapeutics research, epidemiological study, virus transmission, vaccines research, virus diagnostics, and viral genomics. It was observed that COVID-19 research puts more emphasis on clinical characterization, epidemiological study, and virus transmission at present. In contrast, topics about diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, genomics and pathogenesis only accounted for less than 10% or even 4% of all the COVID-19 publications, much lower than those of other CoV infections. Conclusions: These results identified knowledge gaps in the area of COVID-19 and offered directions for future research. Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, topic modeling, hotspots, text mining url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044164 id: cord-312926-j9jybblr author: Dong, W. title: Early Awake Prone and Lateral Position in Non-intubated Severe and Critical Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan: A Respective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-13 words: 3459.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312926-j9jybblr.txt summary: Background Previous studies suggest applying prone position (PP) and lateral position (LP) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for their efficacy in improving oxygenation and lung recruitment.This paper aims to share clinical experiences and outcome of using PP and LP in combination with oxygen therapy (OT) and Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in severe and critical patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes of early application of PP and LP in combination with OT and NIV in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 indicated well tolerance of the therapy and resulted in improving patients'' oxygenation in a safe and effective manner. Based on previous clinical experiences in managing patients with severe acute respiratory infection, we used early prone position (PP) and lateral position (LP) in combination with oxygen therapy (OT) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV), as supportive therapies, to treat severe and critical patients with COVID-19. abstract: Background Previous studies suggest applying prone position (PP) and lateral position (LP) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for their efficacy in improving oxygenation and lung recruitment.This paper aims to share clinical experiences and outcome of using PP and LP in combination with oxygen therapy (OT) and Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in severe and critical patients with COVID-19. Methods Clinical data of 48 severe and critical patients have been retrieved from medical records and reviewed. The primary outcome is the survival rate. Secondary outcome is the rate of patients requiring intubation. Results In total, 25 patients were finally included in the study.The mean respiratory rate of all 25 patients decreased from 28.4 breaths/min to 21.3 breaths/min. CT results showed increase in lung recruitment. All patients tolerated PP and LP well. No deterioration or severe adverse events associated with PP and LP occurred. All patients recovered and survived without intubation. Follow-up to date showed that all patients have been discharged except one with mild symptoms and positive RNA test. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes of early application of PP and LP in combination with OT and NIV in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 indicated well tolerance of the therapy and resulted in improving patients' oxygenation in a safe and effective manner. Therefore, this strategy can be explored as an early intervention in managing patients in early stage of disease development under the context of pandemic and limited medical resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20091454 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20091454 id: cord-345432-nyklmyw0 author: Dong, Zai-Quan title: The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-01 words: 3576.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345432-nyklmyw0.txt summary: The questionnaires consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and epidemiological exposure; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index (HEI). The psychological impact of stressful events was related to worrying about their physical health, having close COVID-19 infected acquaintances and family relationship issues. Our study examines the emotional states, psychosocial factors, and coping strategies of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to provide a basis for psychological intervention and other types of support for this group. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index. The present study suggests that 24.2% of medical staff reported high levels of psychological issues, including anxiety and depressive emotion, sometimes severe. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 outbreak required the significantly increased working time and intensity for health professionals in China, which may cause stress signs. METHODS. From March 2–13 of 2020, 4,618 health professionals in China were included in an anonymous, self-rated online survey regarding their concerns on exposure to the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaires consisted of five parts: basic demographic information and epidemiological exposure; occupational and psychological impact; concerns during the episode; coping strategies; and the Huaxi Emotional-Distress Index (HEI). RESULTS. About 24.2% of respondents experienced high levels of anxiety or/and depressive symptoms since the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents who worried about their physical health and those who had COVID-19 infected friends or close relatives were more likely to have high HEI levels, than those without these characteristics. Further, family relationship was found to have an independent protective effect against high HEI levels. Their main concerns were that their families would not be cared for and that they would not be able to work properly. Compared to respondents with clear emotional problems, those with somewhat hidden emotional issues adopted more positive coping measures. CONCLUSIONS. About a quarter of medical staff experienced psychological problems during the pandemic of COVID-19. The psychological impact of stressful events was related to worrying about their physical health, having close COVID-19 infected acquaintances and family relationship issues. Therefore, the psychological supprot for medical staff fighting in the COVID-19 pandemic may be needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476633/ doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59 id: cord-261006-2xh3f07i author: Dong, Zhiyong title: Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China date: 2020-06-06 words: 1365.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261006-2xh3f07i.txt summary: title: Recommendations to Manage Patients for Bariatric Surgery in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience from China For the prehospital evaluation, we recommend (1) that consultation be conducted virtually by means of WeChat, email, or telephone, to investigate whether patients may have COVID-19 by asking about symptoms or any history of recent travel to epidemic areas. For the preoperative evaluation, we recommend (1) reevaluation of epidemiological information to exclude COVID-19-infected if necessary; (2) re-evaluate whether there is any history of fever or respiratory symptoms; confirm the results of lung CT, nucleic acid test, routine blood examinations, and other relevant tests. Repeat the PCR if necessary in case of a false positive; (3) complete a preoperative examination of cardiopulmonary function; use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to improve lung ventilation and systemic hypoxia in cases of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS); for cardiopulmonary insufficiency or severe complications, there should be an online consultation of the departments of anesthesia, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and other relevant departments to plan the surgical timing and provide individualized diagnosis and treatment [12] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506347/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04741-8 id: cord-275353-ezrmuw48 author: Donma, Mustafa Metin title: The Effects of Allium Sativum on Immunity within the Scope of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-02 words: 2510.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275353-ezrmuw48.txt summary: Compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Leptin''s role in boosting proinflammatory cytokines and in appetite decreasing suggest the possible beneficial effect of decreasing the concentration of this proinflammatory adipose tissue hormone in relieving some symptoms detected during COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature. It is a well-known fact that immune dysfunction plays an important role in the development and progress of several diseases and this functional food may contribute to the prevention and treatment of pathologies such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, gastric ulcer, and even cancer [17, 18] . Decreased leptin concentrations caused by garlic may be helpful to alleviate appetite loss observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. abstract: The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection is quite variable and the manifestations varies from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory infection. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, loss of appetite, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are the most prevalent general symptoms. Decreased immune system cells such as suppressed regulatory T cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes/macrophages and increased proinflammatory cytokines are the characteristic features. Compounds derived from Allium sativum (garlic) have the potential to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and to reverse the immunological abnormalities to more acceptable levels. Allium sativum is suggested as a beneficial preventive measure before being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. Allium sativum is a functional food well-known for its immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antitumor properties. Its antiviral efficiency was also demonstrated. Some constituents of this plant were found to be active against protozoan parasites. Within this context, it appears to reverse most immune system dysfunctions observed in patients with COVID-19 infection. The relations among immune system parameters, leptin, leptin receptor, adenosin mono phosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma have also been interpreted. Leptin’s role in boosting proinflammatory cytokines and in appetite decreasing suggest the possible beneficial effect of decreasing the concentration of this proinflammatory adipose tissue hormone in relieving some symptoms detected during COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, Allium sativum may be an acceptable preventive measure against COVID-19 infection to boost immune system cells and to repress the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as an adipose tissue derived hormone leptin having the proinflammatory nature. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720313487?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109934 id: cord-336845-7ofgekoj author: Donthu, Naveen title: Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research date: 2020-06-09 words: 5228.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336845-7ofgekoj.txt summary: In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. We should also make an effort to learn from the consequences of pandemic outbreaks to prepare our societies for if-and, more likely, when-this happens again. Our societies are more open than ever; we rely on the importing of important products, such as food, energy, and medical equipment, rather than sourcing them from close to where they are needed; and there are limited efforts to prepare for pandemic outbreaks. The first contribution, by Jagdish Sheth, is titled "Impact of COVID-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?" It explores how the current pandemic has affected several aspects of consumers'' lives, ranging from personal mobility to retail shopping, attendance at major life events like marriage ceremonies, having children, and relocation. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues affecting society. In total, there are 12 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0148296320303830 doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008 id: cord-311926-n7co0jtu author: Donà, Daniele title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective of an Italian Tertiary Care Pediatric Center date: 2020-09-01 words: 3176.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311926-n7co0jtu.txt summary: Predicting a rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within our region, the Department for Women''s and Children''s Health promptly decided (i) to revise the distribution of the clinical areas in order to create both designated COVID-19 and COVID-19-free areas with their own access, (ii) to reinforce infection prevention control (IPC) measures for all healthcare workers and administrative staff and (iii) to adopt the new "double-gate approach": a phone call pre-triage and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection before the admission of all patients and caregivers. • to ensure the protection of the healthcare workers, as the top priority; • to rigorously implement all the conventional rules emanated by the WHO for preventing the infection • to minimize the risk of admitting into hospital asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patients; • to adapt/transform some hospital areas in order to be able to admit and treat suspected/confirmed; COVID-19 pediatric patients Predicting a rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within our region, in the afternoon of February 24th the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Padua University Hospital called for an emergency meeting with all the department chairmen and the mandates received were: abstract: Since February 2020, Italy has been faced with the dramatic spread of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This impetuous pandemic infection forced many hospitals to reorganize their healthcare systems. Predicting a rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within our region, the Department for Women’s and Children’s Health promptly decided (i) to revise the distribution of the clinical areas in order to create both designated COVID-19 and COVID-19-free areas with their own access, (ii) to reinforce infection prevention control (IPC) measures for all healthcare workers and administrative staff and (iii) to adopt the new “double-gate approach”: a phone call pre-triage and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection before the admission of all patients and caregivers. Between 21 February 2020 till 04 May 2020, only seven physicians, two nurses and two of the administrative staff resulted positive, all during the first week of March. No other cases of intra-department infection were documented among the healthcare workers since all the preventive procedures described above were implemented. It is predicted that similar situations can happen again in the future, and thus, it is necessary to be more prepared to deal with them than we were at the beginning of this COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882820/ doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030311 id: cord-327933-u0fcs3yg author: Doná, Daniele title: Pediatric transplantation in Europe during the COVID‐19 pandemic: early impact on activity and healthcare date: 2020-08-12 words: 2634.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327933-u0fcs3yg.txt summary: Indeed, although severe outcomes (including deaths) have been reported in the pediatric population 6 , relatively fewer children with COVID-19 require hospitalization or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) 7 . The survey included relevant questions to: i) assess pediatric transplantation activity, including living-donation issues; ii) identify the protocols adopted to prevent and manage SARS-CoV-2 infection at the hospital level; iii) evaluate the impact of these practices on the healthcare of transplanted children; and iv), describe the management of confirmed COVID-19 cases among the special population of pediatric transplant recipients and candidates. In eight centers (44%) outpatient visits were performed only after a telephone pretriage excluding epidemiological (e.g., close contact with a known COVID-19 case) and clinical risk factors (e.g., ongoing fever or respiratory symptoms in the patient or in the caregiver) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to lack of experience in treating affected pediatric transplant patients, hospital admission criteria for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases varied between ERN-TransplantChild centers. abstract: The current pandemic SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has required an unusual allocation of resources that can negatively impact of chronically ill patients and high‐complexity procedures. Across the European reference network on pediatric transplantation (ERN‐TransplantChild) we conducted a survey to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak on pediatric transplant activity and healthcare practices in both solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) transplantation. The replies of 30 professionals from 18 centers in Europe were collected. Twelve of 18 centers (67%) showed a reduction in their usual transplant activity. Additionally, outpatient visits have been modified, restricted to selected ones and to the use of telemedicine tools has increased. Additionally, a total of 14 COVID‐19 pediatric transplanted patients were identified at the time of the survey, including eight transplant recipients and six candidates for transplantation. Only two moderate‐severe cases were reported, both in HSCT setting. These survey results demonstrate the limitations in healthcare resources for pediatric transplantation patients during early stages of this pandemic. COVID‐19 disease is a major worldwide challenge for the field of pediatric transplantation, where there will be a need for systematic data collection, encouraging regular discussions to address the long‐term consequences for pediatric transplantation candidates, recipients and their families. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786120/ doi: 10.1111/ctr.14063 id: cord-287136-3cml1shh author: Dopfer, Christian title: COVID-19 related reduction in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization – a concerning trend date: 2020-09-07 words: 3805.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287136-3cml1shh.txt summary: RESULTS: In the four weeks after lockdown in Germany began, we observed a massive drop of 63.8% in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization (mean daily visits 26.8 ± SEM 1.5 in 2019 vs. Severe cases of COVID-19 remained comparatively low in Germany (n = 163,175 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections with 6.692 fatalities as of May 4th 2020 [13] ), and the healthcare system has thus far been spared an untenable influx of critically ill patients. When we compared daily visit frequencies between 2019 and 2020, we observed a striking reduction in the number of patients presenting to the ED after March 16th 2020, the day that school closures and a nationwide lockdown began (Fig. 1a) . The proportion of daily patients with infectious diseases or signs and symptoms of infection, however, did not differ significantly between calendar weeks 12 to 15 from one year to another (Table 1 ; Fig. 2e ). abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems worldwide. In addition to the direct impact of the virus on patient morbidity and mortality, the effect of lockdown strategies on health and healthcare utilization have become apparent. Little is known on the effect of the pandemic on pediatric and adolescent medicine. We examined the impact of the pandemic on pediatric emergency healthcare utilization. METHODS: We conducted a monocentric, retrospective analysis of n = 5,424 pediatric emergency department visits between January 1st and April 19th of 2019 and 2020, and compared healthcare utilization during the pandemic in 2020 to the same period in 2019. RESULTS: In the four weeks after lockdown in Germany began, we observed a massive drop of 63.8% in pediatric emergency healthcare utilization (mean daily visits 26.8 ± SEM 1.5 in 2019 vs. 9.7 ± SEM 1 in 2020, p < 0.005). This drop in cases occurred for both communicable and non-communicable diseases. A larger proportion of patients under one year old (daily mean of 16.6% ±SEM 1.4 in 2019 vs. 23.1% ±SEM 1.7 in 2020, p < 0.01) and of cases requiring hospitalisation (mean of 13.9% ±SEM 1.6 in 2019 vs. 26.6% ±SEM 3.3 in 2020, p < 0.001) occurred during the pandemic. During the analysed time periods, few intensive care admissions and no fatalities occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our data illustrate a significant decrease in pediatric emergency department visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public outreach is needed to encourage parents and guardians to seek medical attention for pediatric emergencies in spite of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02303-6 doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02303-6 id: cord-274251-2x1nltpn author: Doran, S.L.F. title: COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience date: 2020-04-28 words: 652.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274251-2x1nltpn.txt summary: authors: Doran, S.L.F.; Patel, P.H.; Chaudry, A.; Pollok, J.M.; Pollok, J.M.; Kumar, S.; Bhogal, R.H. title: COVID-19 infection in patients following hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention: An early experience We report our experience of 3 patients developing COVID-19 infection after hepato-pancreatico-biliary intervention in March 2020 during the initial outbreak in the United Kingdom. Initial post-operative CXR was normal but the patient remained intubated, spiking temperatures with high FiO2 and noradrenaline requirements and a COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed. On POD 5 he developed an acute kidney injury and CXR demonstrated right lower collapse with right basal atelectasis. This case series strongly supports the routine testing of patients and clinical staff to reduce the potential complications of surgery on patients with COVID-19. Whilst all 3 patients were clinically stable on discharge, the risk of adverse outcomes in patients particularly after major abdominal surgery in the COVID-19 era is very real and requires vigilance. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0748798320304431 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.045 id: cord-291588-tp89j1kk author: Dorche, Maryam Sharifian title: Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 words: 5579.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291588-tp89j1kk.txt summary: During the current pandemic, 370 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection out of 37 studies (Table 3) were reported to suffer from AIS or transient ischemic attack (TIA). (145) Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy(ANE) which was reported in 8 patients (Table 3) with COVID-19 is a distinct entity defined as rapid onset of neurological symptoms often secondary to a viral infection such as herpes viruses and influenza. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series Evolution and resolution of brain involvement associated with SARS-CoV2 infection: A close Clinical -Paraclinical follow up study of a case EEG Findings in Acutely Ill Patients Investigated for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Small Case Series Preliminary Report. Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, a case report Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a Neurological Complication of Novel COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow all over the world. Several studies have been performed, focusing on understanding the acute respiratory syndrome and treatment strategies. However, there is growing evidence indicating neurological manifestations occur in patients with COVID-19. Similarly, the other coronaviruses (CoV) epidemics; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) have been associated with neurological complications. METHODS: This systematic review serves to summarize available information regarding the potential effects of different types of CoV on the nervous system and describes the range of clinical neurological complications that have been reported thus far in COVID-19. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-five studies on CoV infections associated neurological manifestations in human were reviewed. Of those, 208 articles were pertinent to COVID-19. The most common neurological complaints in COVID-19 were anosmia, ageusia, and headache, but more serious complications, such as stroke, impairment of consciousness, seizures, and encephalopathy, have also been reported. CONCLUSION: There are several similarities between neurological complications after SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and COVID-19, however, the scope of the epidemics and number of patients are very different. Reports on the neurological complications after and during COVID-19 are growing on a daily basis. Accordingly, comprehensive knowledge of these complications will help health care providers to be attentive to these complications and diagnose and treat them timely. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022510X20304226 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117085 id: cord-334638-au5sqzxw author: Dores, Artemisa R. title: The Use of New Digital Information and Communication Technologies in Psychological Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 7908.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334638-au5sqzxw.txt summary: The aims of this work were to (a) analyze how the attitudes of professionals in the field of psychology have changed in relation to the use of ICTs in the context of psychological monitoring during the lockdown; (b) assess whether the practice of psychological counseling and therapy includes greater use of ICTs during the lockdown period; (c) identify the factors that potentially have affected such changes; and (d) study the possible adoption of guidelines for at-distance psychological monitoring by psychologists who are using ICTs during the period of physical distance This study aimed to explore psychologists'' attitudes and practices related with the use of ICTs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, for identification of the main changes that have occurred in the provision of counseling and therapy. abstract: The use of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) has enabled many professionals to continue to provide their services during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the adoption of ICTs by psychologists and the impact of such technologies on their practice. This study aimed to explore psychologists’ practices related with the use of ICTs before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, to identify the main changes that the pandemic has brought and the impact that such changes have had on their practice with clients, and also identify the factors that potentially have affected such changes. The Portuguese Psychologists Association announced the study, and 108 psychologists responded to an online survey during the mandatory lockdown. The results showed that these professionals continued to provide their services due to having adopted ICTs. Comparing with face-to-face interventions, psychologists recognized that additional precautions/knowledge were needed to use such technologies. Despite the challenges identified, they described the experience with the use of ICTs as positive, meeting clients’ adherence, and yielding positive results. Psychologists with the most years of professional experience maintained their services the most, but those with average experience showed the most favorable attitudes toward the use of technologies and web-based interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096650/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207663 id: cord-260723-y4ow6n8r author: Dorey-Stein, Zachariah L. title: Case Series: Failure of imaging & biochemical markers to capture disease progression in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 words: 1595.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260723-y4ow6n8r.txt summary: We report four individuals admitted for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who demonstrated significant clinical improvement prior to discharge and subsequently were readmitted with worsening respiratory failure, elevated inflammatory markers and worsening chest imaging. In this case series we report four individuals admitted for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who demonstrated significant clinical improvement prior to discharge and subsequently were readmitted with worsening respiratory failure and significant new findings on admission computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Due to an increasing oxygen requirement, rising inflammatory markers, and a worsening left upper lobe opacity she was treated with methylprednisolone 500 mg daily and hydroxychloroquine for presumed cytokine storm. His oxygen requirement was weaned to 3 liters and inflammatory markers trended down, and he was discharged on the sixth day of his admission back to a skilled nursing facility to complete a 6-day course of prednisone 40 mg daily. abstract: We report four individuals admitted for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 who demonstrated significant clinical improvement prior to discharge and subsequently were readmitted with worsening respiratory failure, elevated inflammatory markers and worsening chest imaging. We propose a multi-disciplinary discharge criterion to establish a safer discharge process including trending inflammatory markers, daily imaging and pursuing follow up CT chest, particularly in individuals with significant morbidities and health disparities. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101227 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101227 id: cord-310605-r63sg73c author: Dorward, D. A. title: Tissue-specific tolerance in fatal Covid-19 date: 2020-07-04 words: 4482.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310605-r63sg73c.txt summary: Here we report an aberrant immune response in fatal Covid-19, principally involving the lung and reticuloendothelial system, that is not clearly topologically associated with the virus, indicating tissue-specific tolerance of SARS-CoV-2. This supports prioritising pathogen tolerance as a therapeutic strategy in Covid-19, by better understanding non-injurious organ-specific viral tolerance mechanisms and targeting aberrant macrophage and plasma cell responses. As analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA confirmed presence in numerous organs, detailed histological analysis of multiple tissues was undertaken on every patient to determine the associated pathological consequences and inflammatory responses. The present study shows that fatal Covid-19 is associated with variable but widespread distribution of viral RNA and protein but with a discordant inflammatory response to local viral presence, both between and within tissues, demonstrating tissue-specific tolerance of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: Successful host defence against a pathogen can involve resistance or tolerance, with implications for prioritising either antimicrobial or immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Hyper-inflammation occurs in Covid-19 and is associated with worse outcomes. The efficacy of dexamethasone in preventing mortality in critical Covid-19 suggests that inflammation has a causal role in death. Whether this deleterious inflammation is primarily a direct response to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 requiring enhanced resistance, or an independent immunopathologic process necessitating enhanced tolerance, is unknown. Here we report an aberrant immune response in fatal Covid-19, principally involving the lung and reticuloendothelial system, that is not clearly topologically associated with the virus, indicating tissue-specific tolerance of SARS-CoV-2. We found that inflammation and organ dysfunction in fatal Covid-19 did not map to the widespread tissue and cellular distribution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein, both between and within tissues. A monocyte/myeloid-rich vasculitis was identified in the lung, along with an influx of macrophages/monocytes into the parenchyma. In addition, stereotyped abnormal reticulo-endothelial responses (reactive plasmacytosis and iron-laden macrophages) were present and dissociated from the presence of virus in lymphoid tissues. Our results support virus-independent immunopathology being one of the primary mechanisms underlying fatal Covid-19. This supports prioritising pathogen tolerance as a therapeutic strategy in Covid-19, by better understanding non-injurious organ-specific viral tolerance mechanisms and targeting aberrant macrophage and plasma cell responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.20145003 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20145003 id: cord-351184-kcc3p3ow author: Dotters-Katz, Sarah K. title: Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 words: 3819.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351184-kcc3p3ow.txt summary: Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. In this review, we will discuss the available evidence related to COVID-19 surrounding pregnancy, then discuss management considerations for infected pregnant women (and those who are persons under investigation), as well as noninfected pregnant women, during this time. The report from China by the World Health Organization included 147 pregnant women, 8% of whom developed severe disease (defined as respiratory rate >30 or oxygen saturation <93%), and 1% developed critical infection (defined as need for mechanical ventilation or other system failure and ICU admission). Though, based on limited data, COVID-19 does not appear to be associated with worse outcomes in pregnant women than in the general population, many challenges still exist for the obstetric care provider. Infected, but otherwise low-risk pregnant women with mild disease do not need clinical assessment, and may be tested based on local practices. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that is impacting daily life across the globe. Though disease is often mild, in high-risk populations, severe disease often leads to intubation, intensive care admission (ICU) admission, and in many cases death. The implications for pregnancy remain largely unknown. Early data suggest that COVID-19 may not pose increased risk in the pregnant population. Vertical transmission has not been confirmed. Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. This review will discuss what is known about the virus as it relates to pregnancy and then consider management considerations based on these data. Key Points: COVID-19 severity in pregnancy is unclear. Social distancing is the best protective mechanism. No clear evidence of vertical transmission exists. Mother/baby separation avoids transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303077/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710051 id: cord-307100-w33e2078 author: Douedi, Steven title: Successful Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in COVID-19 Pregnant Women: An Institutional Approach date: 2020-07-27 words: 1405.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307100-w33e2078.txt summary: Case series Patients: Female, 26-year-old • Female, 27-year-old • Female, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 Symptoms: Fever • hypoxia • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • mechanical ventilation Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Infectious Diseases • Medicine, General and Internal • Obstetrics and Gynecology OBJECTIVE: Management of emergency care BACKGROUND: Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been defined as a pandemic infecting millions of individuals with a significantly high mortality and morbidity rate. The purpose of this case series is to present 3 patients in their trimester who underwent emergent cesarean sections and were successfully managed in the intensive care unit. All 3 patients were successfully extubated, and all 3 infants tested negative for COVID-19, suggesting no vertical transmission; although, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. These cases describe successful cesarean deliveries of babies in pregnant patients suffering from severe COVID-19 infection and requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU care. abstract: Case series Patients: Female, 26-year-old • Female, 27-year-old • Female, 19-year-old Final Diagnosis: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) • COVID-19 Symptoms: Fever • hypoxia • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Cesarian section • mechanical ventilation Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Infectious Diseases • Medicine, General and Internal • Obstetrics and Gynecology OBJECTIVE: Management of emergency care BACKGROUND: Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been defined as a pandemic infecting millions of individuals with a significantly high mortality and morbidity rate. Treatment and management for pregnant patients infected with COVID-19 has been poorly described in the literature. Furthermore, vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus has been poorly described. The purpose of this case series is to present 3 patients in their trimester who underwent emergent cesarean sections and were successfully managed in the intensive care unit. CASE REPORTS: We present the cases of 3 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR in their third trimester of pregnancy. All patients underwent emergent cesarean sections and were managed on mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit and eventually discharged in stable condition. CONCLUSIONS: Early cesarean section and aggressive management with mechanical ventilation has been shown to be very beneficial for mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 and their infants. All 3 patients were successfully extubated, and all 3 infants tested negative for COVID-19, suggesting no vertical transmission; although, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716009/ doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925513 id: cord-328640-4g7revha author: Douedi, Steven title: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A case report and review of treatments date: 2020-05-08 words: 2277.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328640-4g7revha.txt summary: This virus is known to cause severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. [1, 4] We present a case of elderly female presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath found to be positive for COVID-19 and started on high-dose IV ascorbic acid, anti-interleukin-6, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir requiring high ventilator settings and eventually requiring vasopressors and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). [13] While further studies are in need to provide concrete evidence on the use of hydroxychloroquine, clinical trials from China have already shown promising results for COVID-19 and several countries around the world have begun using these medications. Further studies and clinical trials are required to fully understand the role of remdesivir and other medications in COVID-19 infected patients. abstract: RATIONALE: Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, non-segmented positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the beta-coronaviridae family. This virus is known to cause severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can lead to difficulty breathing requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit management. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 77-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who presented as a transfer to our hospital facility with worsening fevers, cough, and respiratory distress. DIAGNOSIS: Chest X-rays revealed bilateral infiltrates worse at the lung bases and CT scan of the chest showed bilateral ground-glass opacities consistent with COVID-19. While our testing revealed a negative COVID-19 result at our institution, the result at a previous hospital returned a positive result. INTERVENTIONS: She was being treated aggressively in the intensive care unit with high dose intravenous ascorbic acid, hydroxychloroquine, and anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody. She also received a loading dose of remdesivir however was unable to complete the course due to organ failure and requirement of vasopressors for hemodynamic stability. OUTCOMES: She remained critically ill and was eventually placed on comfort care as per the family's wishes and passed away. LESSONS: With a rapidly growing death rate and more than 200,000 confirmed cases worldwide, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and major hit to our healthcare systems. While several companies have already begun vaccine trials and healthcare facilities have been using a wide-range of medications to treat the virus and symptoms, there is not yet an approved medication regimen for COVID-19 infections. The alarming increase in cases per day adds additional pressure to find a cure and decrease the global health burden and mortality rate. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020207 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020207 id: cord-032599-b4lcqzcv author: Doumbia-Henry, Cleopatra title: Shipping and COVID-19: protecting seafarers as frontline workers date: 2020-09-24 words: 4923.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032599-b4lcqzcv.txt summary: There has been extraordinary cooperation among all the relevant United Nations agencies-the International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Health Organization (WHO) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)-maritime stakeholders and in particular shipping and ports, to collectively address the pandemic and minimize the risk for global trade and on human health. On 8 June, the IMO Secretary-General and the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) called on governments to facilitate crew changes and ensure crew well-being by facilitating repatriation and the safe return home of seafarers, marine personnel, fishing vessel personnel, offshore energy sector personnel and service provider personnel at ports as "key workers" providing an essential service, regardless of nationality when in their jurisdiction, and to exempt them from travel restrictions. 22 The stakeholders in the maritime industry have called on governments to ensure that, when implementing measures to protect public health and address COVID-19, they do not introduce obstacles to ship and port operations, including the movement of seafarers and marine personnel, as defined by IMO instruments and the MLC 2006. abstract: The article provides an overview of the impact on and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the maritime industry—merchant shipping, the cruise industry and ports as at the end of July 2020. With shipping being responsible for 80% of global trade, the article addresses issues relating to the response of the maritime industry, governments and international organizations to the pandemic. It also addresses the impact of the pandemic on the world’s almost 2 million seafarers who as key workers enable global trade. The article examines the serious challenges seafarers have faced relating to quarantine requirements, restrictions on border crossings with border closures, repatriation and crew changeovers, abandonment, renewals of certificates and licencing of seafarers, resupply and ship surveys. The article includes the response of governments and that of United Nations agencies and in particular the World Health Organization, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization. The significant role played by the maritime industry in providing substantive guidance is commended. The article concludes that COVID-19 will continue to have a huge impact on the maritime industry and on world trade for the foreseeable future. The expectation is that the industry will hopefully emerge stronger and become more robust to enable world trade to be efficient and sustainable. It is also expected that the pandemic will enable a greater recognition of the world’s seafarers who facilitate world trade, while ensuring a better future for humanity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7511672/ doi: 10.1007/s13437-020-00217-9 id: cord-339614-28s205p8 author: Dover, Jeffrey S. title: A Path to Resume Aesthetic Care: Executive Summary of Project AesCert Guidance Supplement—Practical Considerations for Aesthetic Medicine Professionals Supporting Clinic Preparedness in Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak date: 2020-05-01 words: 12532.0 sentences: 440.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339614-28s205p8.txt summary: Patient communication-establishing appropriate expectations for office visits and attendant risks; Clinic schedule management-considerations for schedule modification to convert non-treatment interactions to telehealth consultations, separate patients from one another in the office and avoid unnecessary staff contact; Facility management-physical modification of office common areas and treatment rooms, as well as check-in and check-out procedures, to promote safe practices and physical distancing; Cleaning procedures-discussion of disinfection methods and practices in each office area, ranging from medical instruments and treatment rooms to administrative items and reception areas; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for providers, staff and patients-recommendations for PPE types and use depending upon procedure-based risk assessment, and recognizing current global equipment shortages; Employee health screening and training-procedures and methods for identifying staff members who may be unwell before, during, and after work, and training of staff to identify potential COVID-19 presentation in coworkers, patients, and other office visitors; risks associated with exposure to known or suspected COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed; Patient health and screening-procedures and methods for symptom recognition in patients before, during, and after office visits, with follow-up monitoring where appropriate; Remedial measures following onsite symptom presentation-a framework for addressing isolation of symptomatic individuals, office containment and disinfection, and contact tracing; Treatment room setup-preparing and securing treatment rooms for patient entry to contain office contamination and reduce overall potential COVID-19 exposure; and Aesthetic treatment considerations-pretreatment preparation and precautions, and other suggestions for minimizing risk of transmission in performing the most common types of office-based aesthetic procedures, such as neurotoxin and dermal filler injections, noninvasive body contouring, lasers and other similar energy-emitting devices, and a range of medical skin care treatments. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374192/ doi: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0239 id: cord-335213-0cji7tzq author: Dowd, Jennifer Beam title: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 words: 1990.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335213-0cji7tzq.txt summary: We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. Fig. 1 contains population pyramids to illustrate how population age structure interacts with high COVID-19 mortality rates at older ages to generate large differences across populations in the number of deaths, holding constant assumed rates of infection prevalence (10%) and age−sex-specific CFRs (Italy) (14) . abstract: Governments around the world must rapidly mobilize and make difficult policy decisions to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because deaths have been concentrated at older ages, we highlight the important role of demography, particularly, how the age structure of a population may help explain differences in fatality rates across countries and how transmission unfolds. We examine the role of age structure in deaths thus far in Italy and South Korea and illustrate how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. This powerful interaction of demography and current age-specific mortality for COVID-19 suggests that social distancing and other policies to slow transmission should consider the age composition of local and national contexts as well as intergenerational interactions. We also call for countries to provide case and fatality data disaggregated by age and sex to improve real-time targeted forecasting of hospitalization and critical care needs. url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004911117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2004911117 id: cord-309739-3smgv1ma author: Doyle, Andrew J title: Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience date: 2020-07-08 words: 1487.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309739-3smgv1ma.txt summary: title: Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience At present it has not been described whether there is an increased blood component requirement in patients with COVID-19 infection. Restrictive transfusion practice of red blood cells in critical care and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has similar survival outcomes to liberal transfusion practice (Herbert et al, 1999; Klein, 2013; Doyle et al, 2020) . Patients requiring ECMO have increased use of blood components particularly if they bleed (Doyle et al, 2020; Agerstrand, 2020) . Despite the increased demands of healthcare resources at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that the infection itself does not cause a significant increase in blood component use in comparison to previous data from critical care (Chohan et al, 2003) . This is in comparison 0.46 units per day in patients not requiring ECMO in critical care prior to the COVID-19 outbreak (Chohan et al, 2003) . abstract: There has been a significant surge in admissions to critical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. At present, the demands on blood components have not been described. We reviewed their use during the first 6 weeks of the outbreak from 3(rd) March 2020 in a tertiary‐level critical care department providing veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv‐ECMO). 265 patients were reviewed ‐ 235 not requiring ECMO and 30 requiring vv‐ECMO. In total, 50 patients required blood components during their critical care admission. Red cell concentrates were the most frequently transfused component in COVID‐19 infected patients with higher rates of use during vv‐ECMO. The use of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelet transfusions was low in a period prior to the use of convalescent plasma. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17007 doi: 10.1111/bjh.17007 id: cord-350935-p6euuop3 author: Doğan, Tunca title: CROssBAR: Comprehensive Resource of Biomedical Relations with Deep Learning Applications and Knowledge Graph Representations date: 2020-09-15 words: 7066.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350935-p6euuop3.txt summary: We aimed to address this issue by constructing a new biological and biomedical data resource, CROssBAR, a comprehensive system that integrates large-scale biomedical data from various resources and store them in a new NoSQL database, enrich these data with deep-learning-based prediction of relations between numerous biomedical entities, rigorously analyse the enriched data to obtain biologically meaningful modules and display them to users via easy-to-interpret, interactive and heterogenous knowledge graph (KG) representations within an open access, user-friendly and online web-service at https://crossbar.kansil.org. In this project, we aimed to address the current shortcomings by developing a comprehensive open access biomedical system entitled CROssBAR via integrating various biological databases to each other, inferring the missing relations between existing data points, and constructing informative knowledge graphs based on specific biomedical components/terms such as a disease/phenotype, biological process, gene/protein and drug/compound, or specific combinations of them. abstract: Systemic analysis of available large-scale biological and biomedical data is critical for developing novel and effective treatment approaches against both complex and infectious diseases. Owing to the fact that different sections of the biomedical data is produced by different organizations/institutions using various types of technologies, the data are scattered across individual computational resources, without any explicit relations/connections to each other, which greatly hinders the comprehensive multi-omics-based analysis of data. We aimed to address this issue by constructing a new biological and biomedical data resource, CROssBAR, a comprehensive system that integrates large-scale biomedical data from various resources and store them in a new NoSQL database, enrich these data with deep-learning-based prediction of relations between numerous biomedical entities, rigorously analyse the enriched data to obtain biologically meaningful modules and display them to users via easy-to-interpret, interactive and heterogenous knowledge graph (KG) representations within an open access, user-friendly and online web-service at https://crossbar.kansil.org. As a use-case study, we constructed CROssBAR COVID-19 KGs (available at: https://crossbar.kansil.org/covid_main.php) that incorporate relevant virus and host genes/proteins, interactions, pathways, phenotypes and other diseases, as well as known and completely new predicted drugs/compounds. Our COVID-19 graphs can be utilized for a systems-level evaluation of relevant virus-host protein interactions, mechanisms, phenotypic implications and potential interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.14.296889 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.296889 id: cord-338864-yzcvxwpb author: Dragovic, Milan title: Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia date: 2020-09-22 words: 1614.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338864-yzcvxwpb.txt summary: title: Emergency department mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Western Australia METHOD: Changes in the number, and type, of mental health presentations to Western Australia EDs were examined between January and May 2020, and compared to 2019. RESULTS: Data showed an unexpected decrease in the number of mental health presentations, compared to 2019, which was temporally coincident with the rise in local COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION: A rise in local COVID-19 cases was associated with a decrease in mental health presentations to EDs. This has important implications for the planning and provision of healthcare services in the current pandemic. For example, calls to mental health helplines increased by 30%, 19, 20 suggesting that individuals found other ways to access care without travelling to EDs. Given evidence suggesting that helpline and telephone counselling services have a positive impact on suicide ideation and prevention, 21-23 the recent release of government funding to community organisations is much needed. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to high levels of psychological distress in the community. This study aimed to examine whether emergency departments (EDs) also recorded a rise in mental health presentations. METHOD: Changes in the number, and type, of mental health presentations to Western Australia EDs were examined between January and May 2020, and compared to 2019. RESULTS: Data showed an unexpected decrease in the number of mental health presentations, compared to 2019, which was temporally coincident with the rise in local COVID-19 cases. Presentations for anxiety and panic symptoms, and social and behavioural issues, increased by 11.1% and 6.5%, respectively, but suicidal and self-harm behaviours decreased by 26%. CONCLUSION: A rise in local COVID-19 cases was associated with a decrease in mental health presentations to EDs. This has important implications for the planning and provision of healthcare services in the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220960673 doi: 10.1177/1039856220960673 id: cord-300094-xynwf38q author: Drak Alsibai, Kinan title: Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage? date: 2020-06-05 words: 1611.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300094-xynwf38q.txt summary: title: Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage? Consequently, the pulmonary lesions described on chest computed tomography scan are thought to be the result of the inability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen and the release of oxidative iron from the hemes, which overwhelm the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and may eventually result in bilateral ground-glass-like opacities in COVID-19 patients. It is evident that confirmation of the utility of Golde score using Perls stain or immunocytochemical technique to detect ferric iron as an indicator of pulmonary damage in COVID-19 patients requires validation by a series of cytological examination of BAL, while taking the necessary technical precautions as fresh BAL of COV-ID-19 patients is considered a high-risk infectious fluid for the laboratory team. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506059/ doi: 10.1159/000508020 id: cord-348202-6we8e60b author: Drake, Daniel H. title: Echo in Pandemic: Front Line Perspective, Expanding Role of Ultrasound and Ethics of Resource Allocation date: 2020-04-10 words: 4115.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348202-6we8e60b.txt summary: During a declared health care crisis, providers must be familiar with the ethical principles, organizational structure, practical application, and gravity of limited resource allocation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality. Echocardiography has been most useful for 1) initial assessment of patients with respiratory complaints who are seen in the COVID-19 evaluation pathway but may have another etiology for their symptoms, 2) assessment of cardiac function in critical care patients, where SARS-CoV-2 associated cardiomyopathy is prevalent and 3) volume assessment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where sparing unnecessary fluids is mandatory. Ethical Considerations for Decision Making Regarding Allocation of Mechanical Ventilators During a Severe Influenza Pandemic or Other Public Health Emergency abstract: Abstract The grave clinical context of the pandemic must be understood. Italy is immersed in COVID-19. Most of the world will soon follow. The United States currently has the most documented cases of COVID-19 of any nation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated acute cardiomyopathy is common in critical care patients and is associated with a high mortality. COVID-19 patients frequently require mechanical support for adequate oxygenation. A severe shortfall of ventilators is predicted. Of equal concern is the projected shortage of trained professionals required to care for patients on mechanical ventilation. Ultrasonography is proving to be a valuable tool for identifying the pulmonary manifestations and progression of COVID-19. Lung ultrasound also facilitates successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. Ultrasonography of the lung, pleura and diaphragm are easily mastered by experienced echocardiographers. Echocardiography has an established role for optimal fluid management and recognition of cardiac disease including SARS-CoV-2 associated acute cardiomyopathy. Cardiologists, anesthesiologists, sonographers, and all providers should be prepared to commit their full spectrum of skills to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic. We should also be prepared to collaborate and cross-train to expand professional services as necessary. During a declared health care crisis, providers must be familiar with the ethical principles, organizational structure, practical application, and gravity of limited resource allocation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0894731720302182?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.007 id: cord-328810-ifovibzi author: Drefahl, Sven title: A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden date: 2020-10-09 words: 4396.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328810-ifovibzi.txt summary: In this study, data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 are linked to high-quality and accurate individual-level background data from administrative registers of the total population. Owing to the special provision of new data from the Swedish authorities, we have access to data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 linked to high-quality and accurate individual-level background data from administrative registers. Here, we examine how the risk of death varies across fundamental sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, civil status, individual disposable income, region of residence, and country of birth. Table 1 shows an increasing risk of dying from COVID-19 by increasing age, as well as excess mortality for men, widowed, primary educated, those with low income, those from highincome countries (HIC), and those living in Stockholm county. Among individuals in working ages, as compared to retirees, males experience even higher mortality relative to females, and education and income are stronger predictors of dying from COVID-19. abstract: As global deaths from COVID-19 continue to rise, the world’s governments, institutions, and agencies are still working toward an understanding of who is most at risk of death. In this study, data on all recorded COVID-19 deaths in Sweden up to May 7, 2020 are linked to high-quality and accurate individual-level background data from administrative registers of the total population. By means of individual-level survival analysis we demonstrate that being male, having less individual income, lower education, not being married all independently predict a higher risk of death from COVID-19 and from all other causes of death. Being an immigrant from a low- or middle-income country predicts higher risk of death from COVID-19 but not for all other causes of death. The main message of this work is that the interaction of the virus causing COVID-19 and its social environment exerts an unequal burden on the most disadvantaged members of society. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18926-3 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18926-3 id: cord-258416-1jrbu8ox author: Drenovska, Kossara title: Covid‐19 pandemic and the skin date: 2020-09-21 words: 1977.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258416-1jrbu8ox.txt summary: Following patients with psoriasis on biological therapy, as well as other inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, and skin cancer provoked the interest of dermatologists. Here, we summarize skin conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic, patient information, and expert recommendations and give an overview about the registries launched to document skin changes during COVID‐19, as well as details about certain patient groups infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune bullous diseases. 33 In a French prospective study on the incidence and types of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, skin involvement was reported in only 4.9% (five patients of 103) and presented as erythematous rash (two patients) and urticaria (two patients). Future case-controlled studies may potentially confirm AGA as a predictive factor for increased COVID-19 severity and contribute to the development of antiandrogen therapy for SARSNeonatal rashes Skin rashes in newborns of COVID-19-infected mothers were reported in two boys out of four infants from China. abstract: In the beginning of the COVID‐19 outbreak, skin manifestations, if present, were not paid enough attention. Then, the focus moved toward the impact of the prolonged use of personal protective measures in both healthcare workers and patients. In the meantime, attention is increasingly paid to dermatology as a result of the concern for certain groups of dermatologic patients, including those whose condition may worsen by the thorough disinfection measures and those treated with immunosuppressants or immunomodulators. Following patients with psoriasis on biological therapy, as well as other inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, and skin cancer provoked the interest of dermatologists. Finally, an intriguing question to the dermatologic society was whether skin changes during COVID‐19 infection exist and what could be their diagnostic or prognostic value. Here, we summarize skin conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic, patient information, and expert recommendations and give an overview about the registries launched to document skin changes during COVID‐19, as well as details about certain patient groups infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune bullous diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15189 doi: 10.1111/ijd.15189 id: cord-275924-mmcszoxb author: Drew, David A. title: Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 words: 2187.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275924-mmcszoxb.txt summary: We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.25 million users to date. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 doi: medRxiv preprint of scientists with expertise in big data research and translational epidemiology to interrogate the COVID-19 pandemic in the largest and most diverse patient population assembled to-date. By collecting participant-reported geospatial data, highlighted as a critical need for pandemic epidemiologic research (16), we can rapidly identify populations 5 with highly prevalent symptoms that may emerge as hot spots for outbreaks. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 doi: medRxiv preprint Concerningly, 20% of individuals report complex symptoms (cough and/or fatigue plus at least one of anosmia, diarrhea, or fever) but have not yet received testing, representing a substantial population who appear to be at greater risk for the disease. abstract: The rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.25 million users to date. This mobile application offers data on risk factors, herald symptoms, clinical outcomes, and geographical hot spots. This initiative offers critical proof-of-concept for the repurposing of existing approaches to enable rapidly scalable epidemiologic data collection and analysis which is critical for a data-driven response to this public health challenge. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051334 id: cord-271308-nypkr537 author: Drexler, Richard title: Involvement of Medical Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study date: 2020-08-30 words: 3545.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271308-nypkr537.txt summary: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the education of medical students around the world and countries have had differing responses in dealing with this dynamic situation. Final year students had already been working in hospitals since before the outbreak, with 35.0% of them assisting doctors in the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients during their placements. The final year students were asked about the changing workload since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact to COVID-19 positive patients, possible infection, and the impact on future residencies. To evaluate the usefulness and gratitude of the voluntary work during COVID-19 pandemic, the 17 volunteering students were confronted with several statements that were answered using a 5-Point Likert Scale (Figure 1) . In addition, volunteers'' work was appreciated and valued more by the medical staff in comparison to final year students conducting their clinical placements (p<0.01). abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the education of medical students around the world and countries have had differing responses in dealing with this dynamic situation. The role of medical students in fighting this pandemic is controversial and it is yet to be elucidated how they can best be of service. The aim of this study is to evaluate the working fields of volunteering students and the impact of the pandemic on final year students from a student's perspective. Methods: An anonymous online survey was conducted amongst 219 medical students from Hamburg (Germany), using an institutional online data collection program. Results: A total of 137 questionnaires (63.5%) were completed. Of these, 97 participants were students from academic year three to five (70.8%) and 40 students were in the final year of medical school (29.2%). Of the 97 students from academic year three to five, 68 students (70.1%) signed up for voluntary duties during the pandemic. Interestingly, only 25.0% of the students were called for voluntary work in hospitals or health authorities. Final year students had already been working in hospitals since before the outbreak, with 35.0% of them assisting doctors in the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients during their placements. Using a 5-Point Likert Scale, the students who volunteered self-assessed their work as more useful and received more gratitude than final year students (p<0.01). Conclusions: The majority of medical students are willing to make a significant contribution in the response to COVID-19 and do not wish to be overlooked. Furthermore, the current pandemic offers novel educational opportunities for medical students. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10147 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10147 id: cord-335007-27a3h2lo author: Dreyer, Nancy A. title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis date: 2020-11-03 words: 2058.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335007-27a3h2lo.txt summary: title: Self-reported symptoms from exposure to Covid-19 provide support to clinical diagnosis, triage and prognosis: An exploratory analysis We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. We build on these models using community-driven research to characterize symptoms indicative of a positive COVID-19 viral test result and identify risk factors for development of serious symptoms of COVID-19 infection outside the hospital setting. Anosmia and ageusia were the most likely symptoms indicative of a positive test results, and participants reporting either of these had more symptoms and of greater severity [8] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic COVID-19 is prevalent in the community. We identify factors indicating COVID-19 positivity in non-hospitalized patients and prognosticators of moderate-to-severe disease. METHODS: Appeals conducted in April-June 2020 in social media, collaborating medical societies and patient advocacy groups recruited 20,476 participants ≥18 years who believed they had COVID-19 exposure. Volunteers consented on-line and reported height, weight, concomitant illnesses, medication and supplement use, residential, occupational or community COVID-19 exposure, symptoms and symptom severity on a 4-point scale. Of the 12,117 curated analytic population 2,279 reported a COVID-19 viral test result: 865 positive (COVID+) and 1,414 negative (COVID-). RESULTS: The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever best distinguished COVID+ from COVID-participants (OR 6.07, 95% CI: 4.39 to 8.47). COVID+ subjects with BMI≥30, concomitant respiratory disorders or an organ transplant had increased risk of moderate-to- severe dyspnoea. Race and anti-autoimmunity medication did not affect moderate-to-severe dyspnea risk. CONCLUSIONS: The triad of anosmia, ageusia and fever differentiates COVID-19. Elevated risks of severe symptoms outside the hospital were most evident among the obese and those with pulmonary comorbidity. Race and use of medication for autoimmune disease did not predict severe disease. These findings should facilitate rapid COVID-19 diagnosis and triage in settings without testing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04368065, EU PAS register EUPAS36240. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920304051?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101909 id: cord-273775-ncfzz3kh author: Drissi, Farouk title: Re: “Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation”. As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid date: 2020-10-16 words: 277.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273775-ncfzz3kh.txt summary: key: cord-273775-ncfzz3kh title: Re: "Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation". As regards the detection of coronavirus in peritoneal fluid cord_uid: ncfzz3kh The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been responsible for numerous cases of contamination within medical staff. That said, the presence of the coronavirus in peritoneal fluid, which would induce a risk of contamination in digestive surgery, is currently under debate. have recommended that in case of doubt or insufficient experience in laparoscopic surgery, an approach by laparotomy is to be favored [1] . Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncologic surgery in COVID-19 epidemic situation COVID-19 not detected in peritoneal fluid: a case of laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in a COVID-19-infected patient SARS-CoV-2 is present in peritoneal fluid in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 in the peritoneal fluid: does this evidence oblige to introduce new rules? Presentation of a Case Report abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878788620302642?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.10.008 id: cord-268524-lr51ubz5 author: Droit-Volet, Sylvie title: Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time free, «Dying» of boredom and sadness date: 2020-08-10 words: 5266.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268524-lr51ubz5.txt summary: This time experience was not explained by the levels of perceived stress or anxiety, although these were considerable, but rather by the increase in boredom and sadness felt in the lockdown situation. The aim of the present study was thus to conduct a scale survey on a large sample of an as yet untested population-French people-in order to assess not only the perceived stress related to Covid-19 but also the emotions (happiness, boredom, arousal) felt during as compared to before the lockdown and their links to the subjective experience of time. There is thus a risk in this period of pandemic that the chronic stress related to Covid-19 and its corollaries (anxiety, fear of death) are particularly high and therefore impact the subjective experience of time by speeding up the perceived passage of time. abstract: A lockdown of people has been used as an efficient public health measure to fight against the exponential spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) and allows the health system to manage the number of patients. The aim of this study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT 0430818) was to evaluate the impact of both perceived stress aroused by Covid-19 and of emotions triggered by the lockdown situation on the individual experience of time. A large sample of the French population responded to a survey on their experience of the passage of time during the lockdown compared to before the lockdown. The perceived stress resulting from Covid-19 and stress at work and home were also assessed, as were the emotions felt. The results showed that people have experienced a slowing down of time during the lockdown. This time experience was not explained by the levels of perceived stress or anxiety, although these were considerable, but rather by the increase in boredom and sadness felt in the lockdown situation. The increased anger and fear of death only explained a small part of variance in the time judgment. The conscious experience of time therefore reflected the psychological difficulties experienced during lockdown and was not related to their perceived level of stress or anxiety. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236465 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236465 id: cord-297327-19dfgfz6 author: Drożdżal, Sylwester title: COVID-19: Pain Management in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives date: 2020-07-20 words: 5672.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297327-19dfgfz6.txt summary: Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, nonPutative mechanisms of myalgia and headache during viral infection. Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will suffer from severe pain and require reliable pain assessment to provide adequate analgesia, often with multiple drugs, including opioids, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs or analgosedation [52] . Recently, concerns about the possible higher frequency of adverse effects and exacerbation of symptoms of viral respiratory tract infections, such as COVID-19, in patients treated with NSAIDs have been raised [67] . There are reports of a significantly higher use of opioids because of sedation requirements during respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2, which highlights the importance of undertaking a study aiming to determine efficacious and safe procedures of pain management in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Since the end of 2019, the whole world has been struggling with the pandemic of the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Available evidence suggests that pain is a common symptom during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to the World Health Organization, many patients suffer from muscle pain (myalgia) and/or joint pain (arthralgia), sore throat and headache. The exact mechanisms of headache and myalgia during viral infection are still unknown. Moreover, many patients with respiratory failure get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ventilatory support. Pain in ICU patients can be associated with viral disease itself (myalgia, arthralgia, peripheral neuropathies), may be caused by continuous pain and discomfort associated with ICU treatment, intermittent procedural pain and chronic pain present before admission to the ICU. Undertreatment of pain, especially when sedation and neuromuscular blocking agents are used, prone positioning during mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may trigger delirium and cause peripheral neuropathies. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge regarding challenges associated with pain assessment and management in COVID-19 patients. A structured prospective evaluation should be undertaken to analyze the probability, severity, sources and adequate treatment of pain in patients with COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070465 doi: 10.3390/brainsci10070465 id: cord-332110-6fmc5mbs author: Drury, John title: COVID‐19 in context: Why do people die in emergencies? It’s probably not because of collective psychology date: 2020-06-16 words: 3241.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332110-6fmc5mbs.txt summary: Examining the evidence in emergencies suggests three main reasons why there are avoidable fatalities: (1) under-reaction to threat, (2) systemic factors, and (3) mismanagement. We then examine how far they help us understand what has happened in the case of COVID-19 in the UK context, before discussing the real collective psychology of emergencies. Under-reaction, system, and mismanagement in the COVID-19 response in the United Kingdom Unlike fires, earthquakes, floods, and bombings, which tend to be short-term events which occur in one place, the effects of the current pandemic are dispersed in time and space. And when we examine some of the major problems in response and outcomes 9 in the COVID-19 crisis, prima facie our three-fold classification above fits better than explanations in terms of public selfishness, thoughtlessness, and over-reaction. abstract: Notions of psychological frailty have been at the forefront of debates around the public response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, there is the argument that collective selfishness, thoughtless behaviour, and over‐reaction would make the effects of COVID‐19 much worse. The same kinds of claims have been made in relation to other kinds of emergencies, such as fires, earthquakes, and sinking ships. We argue that in these cases as well as in the case of the COVID‐19 pandemic, other factors are better explanations for fatalities – namely under‐reaction to threat, systemic or structural factors, and mismanagement. Psychologizing disasters serves to distract from the real causes and thus from who might be held responsible. Far from being the problem, collective behaviour in emergencies – including the solidarity and cooperation so commonly witnessed among survivors – is the solution, one that should be harnessed more effectively in policy and practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12393 doi: 10.1111/bjso.12393 id: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx author: Du, Fenghe title: COVID-19: the role of excessive cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation in promoting hypercoagulable state associated with severe illness date: 2020-07-16 words: 8437.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt summary: • Anti-inflammatory therapies, including tocilizumab, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, which can be promising treatment to control excessive cytokine release in severe COVID-19, have the potential to reduce the risk of vascular thrombotic events, but more clinical data are needed for optimum instruction of drug use and drug selection. By interpreting the pathological mechanisms, we aim to illustrate that excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation can promote the hypercoagulable state in severe COVID19 , and propose that the anti-inflammatory medications, as well as ACEI/ARB, can benefit severe COVID-19 patients by reducing the risk of vascular thrombotic events. abstract: [Image: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02224-2 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02224-2 id: cord-315367-e0frkhe6 author: Du, Houwei title: The effect of vascular risk factor burden on the severity of COVID-19 illness, a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-21 words: 3651.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315367-e0frkhe6.txt summary: After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities as potential confounders, vascular risk factor burden remained associated with an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 illness. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with increasing vascular risk factor burden have an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 disease, and this population might benefit from specific COVID-19 prevention (e.g., self-isolation) and early hospital treatment measures. We therefore investigated the association between the number of vascular risk factors and severe COVID-19 disease in this observational retrospective study. Previous studies also showed individual vascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes were more frequent in severe COVID-19 patients [3, 14] . Association between vascular risk factor burden and severe COVID-19 illness adjusted for comorbidity, and sensitivity analyses using the E-value approach. Association between vascular risk factor burden and severe COVID-19 illness adjusted for laboratory and chest CT findings, and sensitivity analyses using the Evalue approach. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities are at high risk of poor outcome from COVID-19. However, how the burden (number) of vascular risk factors influences the risk of severe COVID-19 disease remains unresolved. Our aim was to investigate the association of severe COVID-19 illness with vascular risk factor burden. METHODS: We included 164 (61.8 ± 13.6 years) patients with COVID-19 in this retrospective study. We compared the difference in clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and chest computed tomography (CT) findings between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 illness. We evaluated the association between the number of vascular risk factors and the development of severe COVID-19 disease, using a Cox regression model. RESULTS: Sixteen (9.8%) patients had no vascular risk factors; 38 (23.2%) had 1; 58 (35.4%) had 2; 34 (20.7%) had 3; and 18 (10.9%) had ≥4 risk factors. Twenty-nine patients (17.7%) experienced severe COVID-19 disease with a median (14 [7–27] days) duration between onset to developing severe COVID-19 disease, an event rate of 4.47 per 1000-patient days (95%CI 3.10–6.43). Kaplan-Meier curves showed a gradual increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 illness (log-rank P < 0.001) stratified by the number of vascular risk factors. After adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities as potential confounders, vascular risk factor burden remained associated with an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 illness. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with increasing vascular risk factor burden have an increasing risk of severe COVID-19 disease, and this population might benefit from specific COVID-19 prevention (e.g., self-isolation) and early hospital treatment measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01510-0 doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01510-0 id: cord-319089-hxpoy4gd author: Du, Li title: Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews date: 2020-09-18 words: 2219.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319089-hxpoy4gd.txt summary: title: Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: A protocol for overview of systematic reviews BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide. METHODS: Two independent reviewers will conduct comprehensively searches in PubMed, EMBASE.com, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang Database, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public: a systematic review and meta-analysis Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: a systematic review with meta-analysis abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide. COVID-19 marks the emergence of the third large-scale epidemic related to the coronavirus, after SARS-CoV in 2002 and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) in 2012. The pandemic has had a harmful effect on the public mental health, especially on depression. Increasing systematic reviews (SRs) of coronavirus were focusing on depression. However, the methodological quality of these SRs is unclear. Therefore, to evaluate and compare the normativity of report of SR, we conducted a comprehensive overview of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics. METHODS: Two independent reviewers will conduct comprehensively searches in PubMed, EMBASE.com, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang Database, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP). Reference lists of articles, gray literature, and conference proceedings will also be searched. We will extract the data and assess the methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) measurement tool and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. General characteristics of the eligible SRs will be summarized and described. We will provide AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA assessments in tabular form for each review, the total percentage of each item will be calculated. Endnote X8 and EXCEL will be used. RESULTS: Using the draft search strategy of databases, 8 SRs met the a priori criteria and were included. The overview of SRs will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our overview will be a comprehensive synthesis of the existing systemic review on depression with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: INPLASY202080003 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957366/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022235 id: cord-296265-mat1x862 author: Du, Na title: Clinical characteristics of family-clustered onset of coronavirus disease 2019 in Jilin Province, China date: 2020-09-15 words: 3136.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296265-mat1x862.txt summary: All eight patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), based on samples from throat swab samples confirmed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changchun city. The first patient presented with fever (maximum 39.0° C), cough without sputum, and obvious breathing difficulties and was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University on 28 January 2020, 9 days after his travel back from Wuhan, the epidemic center of COVID-19. He received a diagnosis of COVID-19 on 1 February due to a positive test for viral RNA based on the throat swab; and the CT scan revealed ground-glass opacities in both lungs ( Figure 6 ). Pt-5 was given a diagnosis of COVID-19 on 30 January because of the positive nucleic acid in the throat swab, and ground glass opacities in both lungs revealed by CT scan (Figure 7) . abstract: Eight members of a big family with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, from 28 January to 5 February 2020. The clinical records, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed. Throat swab samples were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, confirmed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changchun. All eight patients had fever of different degrees; and 6, 3, and 2 had cough; diarrhea; and sore throat. With disease progression, the percentage of lymphocytes in older patients increased, CT images worsened, and the ratio of lymphocytes increased when images revealed inflammation absorption. Although the CT images showed ground-glass opacities in the youngest patient, his lymphocyte count did not decrease with mild clinical symptoms, and the images showed that inflammation was quickly absorbed. Only the oldest patient developed critical illness. The C reaction protein (CRP) levels of Patient 5 increased significantly, and the rate of decline was the slowest, while his condition was the most severe. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in this family cluster varied with contact, age, and underlying disease. Lymphocyte count and quality of chest CT images appeared inversely associated with disease severity. CRP changes may be an indicator of disease severity and prognosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32930632/ doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1816075 id: cord-295829-e1tk8qvw author: Dua, Anahita title: DVT Protocol Optimization to Minimize Healthcare Worker Exposure in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 2242.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295829-e1tk8qvw.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: There are no societal ultrasound guidelines detailing appropriate patient selection for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) imaging in COVID-19 patients nor are there protocol recommendations aimed at decreasing exposure time for ultrasound technologists. METHODS: A novel two-pronged algorithm was implemented to limit the DVT ultrasound studies on COVID-19 patients prospectively which included direct physician communication with the care team and a COVID-19 specific imaging protocol was instated to reduce ultrasound technologist exposure. At our institution, we do not anticoagulation for muscular calf veins (soleal, gastrocnemial) After implementation of this algorithm by the vascular laboratory only, all DVT US on COVID-18 19 positive patients were reviewed to determine how many US orders were deemed unnecessary 19 by the ordering provider and canceled based on the algorithm. Where there was no difference between groups 4 in demographics, serum D-dimer values, and DVT or PE positivity rates, the time to perform the 5 COVID-19 focused ultrasound was significantly lower (Table III) pneumonia, as well as particular patterns in hematologic testing including lymphopenia. abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are no societal ultrasound guidelines detailing appropriate patient selection for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) imaging in COVID-19 patients nor are there protocol recommendations aimed at decreasing exposure time for ultrasound technologists. We aimed to provide COVID-19 specific protocol optimization recommendations limiting ultrasound technologist exposure while optimizing patient selection. METHODS: A novel two-pronged algorithm was implemented to limit the DVT ultrasound studies on COVID-19 patients prospectively which included direct physician communication with the care team and a COVID-19 specific imaging protocol was instated to reduce ultrasound technologist exposure. In order to assess pretest risk of DVT, sensitivity and specificity of serum D-Dimer in 500-unit increments from 500 to 8000 ng/mL and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to assess performance of serum D-Dimer in predicting DVT was generated. Rates of DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE) and scan times were compared using t-test and Fisher’s exact test (before and after implementation of the protocol). RESULTS: Direct physician communication resulted in cancellation or deferral of 72% of requested exams in COVID-19 positive patients. A serum D-Dimer > 4000ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70% (CI: 0.54-0.86) for venous thromboembolism. Using the COVID-19 specific protocol, there was a significant (50%) reduction in scan time (p<0.0001) in comparison with conventional protocol. CONCLUSION: A direct physician communication policy between imaging physician and referring physician resulted in deferral or cancellation of a majority of requested DVT ultrasound exams. An abbreviated COVID-19 specific imaging protocol significantly decreased exposure time to the ultrasound technologist. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.08.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.08.005 id: cord-305226-9iedjcr6 author: Dua, Anisha B title: Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach date: 2020-10-16 words: 4582.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305226-9iedjcr6.txt summary: We aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these unprecedented disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. In this manuscript we aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these COVID-related disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning, and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. Technology-based learning offers great potential to reduce inequity in medical education worldwide, enhance learnercentered knowledge delivery, address the anticipated rheumatology workforce shortage, and prepare new providers to practice effectively in our twenty-first century health systems. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the field of rheumatology, in both the delivery of clinical care and didactic education for our trainees. These changes have generated significant strain for program directors and clinical educators who have had to leverage technology and develop new systems to ensure continued trainee education and assessment. We aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these unprecedented disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. With the rapid dissolution of barriers in place during the pre-COVID-19 era, we have the opportunity to assess the efficacy of new methods of care and further integrate technology into teaching and assessment. We propose that a hybrid in-person and technology-enabled learning approach, so-called blended learning, is likely to remain the most desirable future model for supporting trainee learning. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05449-x doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05449-x id: cord-314014-d9jwy5b6 author: Duan, Hongxia title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general Chinese population: Changes, predictors and psychosocial correlates date: 2020-08-18 words: 4179.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314014-d9jwy5b6.txt summary: Furthermore, the use of negative coping strategy plays a potential intermediating role in the stress-related increase in hostility, while social support acts as a buffer in hostility in the general population under high stress. Therefore, the first aim of the current study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of a general Chinese population sample during the course of acute pandemic activity the peak of the outbreak (January 31 st to February 9 th ) to the epidemic''s remission phase (15 th to 28 th of March) at the individual level. The second aim was to examine whether perceived stress level to the COVID-19 pandemic would predict an increase in hostility and whether coping strategies would play a potential intermediating role in the relationship between stress and hostility. Regression analysis showed that younger age, lower income, higher perceived stress to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as current quarantine experience (measured at T2) are risk factors of depression deterioration. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health, but also brings a burden to mental health in the general Chinese population. However, the temporal change of mental health status due to pandemic-related stress in relation to protective and risk factors to hostility is less known. This study was implemented at two timepoints, i.e., during the peak and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic. 3233 Chinese individuals participated in the first wave, and among them 1390 participants were followed in a second wave. The result showed that fear significantly decreased over time, while depression level significantly increased during the second wave compared to the first wave of the survey. Younger age, lower-income, increased level of perceived stress, and current quarantine experience were significant predictors of depression escalation. Younger people and individuals who had a higher initial stress response tended to show more hostility. Furthermore, the use of negative coping strategy plays a potential intermediating role in the stress-related increase in hostility, while social support acts as a buffer in hostility in the general population under high stress. As the whole world is facing the same pandemic, this research provides several implications for public mental health intervention. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113396 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113396 id: cord-321768-oevswvvd author: Duan, Ya-qi title: Deficiency of Tfh Cells and Germinal Center in Deceased COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 words: 2307.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321768-oevswvvd.txt summary: In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. Characterization of compositions of the immune cells within the lung tissues and draining hilar lymph nodes from the postmortem specimens might provide valuable insights on how the immune responses in the deceased patients were dysregulated and offer new strategies for treatment. To gain insight into the human immune responses during a fatal SARS-CoV2 infection, we performed postmortem autopsy studies of the immune cell compositions within the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients, and 4 FOP patients who underwent lung surgery served as controls. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 is characterized by a remarkable variation in clinical severity ranging from a mild illness to a fatal multi-organ disease. Understanding the dysregulated human immune responses in the fatal subjects is critical for management of COVID-19 patients and the pandemic. In this study, we examined the immune cell compositions in the lung tissues and hilar lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry on 6 deceased COVID-19 patients and 4 focal organizing pneumonia (FOP) patients who underwent lung surgery and served as controls. We found a dominant presence of macrophages and a general deficiency of T cells and B cells in the lung tissues from deceased COVID-19 patients. In contrast to the FOP patients, Tfh cells and germinal center formation were largely absent in the draining hilar lymph nodes in the deceased COVID-19 patients. This was correlated with reduced IgM and IgG levels compared to convalescent COVID-19 patients. In summary, our data highlight a defect of germinal center structure in deceased COVID-19 patients leading to an impaired humoral immunity. Understanding the mechanisms of this deficiency will be one of the key points for the management of this epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767259/ doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2225-x id: cord-263365-ymnbktm5 author: Dube, Geoffrey K. title: COVID‐19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients date: 2020-06-09 words: 2494.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263365-ymnbktm5.txt summary: 1 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, range from asymptomatic infection to mild upper respiratory tract symptoms or viral pneumonia. We present here the first four cases of COVID-19 disease reported in PT recipients, with one case being a presumptive diagnosis based on suggestive symptoms and known nosocomial exposure in the absence of confirmatory PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. First, the main presenting symptoms in our PT recipients (fever in 100%, cough in 75%) were similar to what is reported in the non-transplant population. The clinical deterioration of patient 3 after 10 days highlights the importance of close monitoring of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in PT recipients followed in the outpatient setting until complete symptom resolution. When our patients informed us of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection, we held mycophenolate in 3 of our patients and temporarily held tacrolimus in 1 patient on monotherapy, a strategy similar to that employed in other solid organ transplant recipients at our center. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic since first being described in January 2020. Clinical manifestations in non‐transplant patients range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan system failure and death. Limited reports in kidney transplant recipients suggest similar characteristics in that population. We report here the first case series of COVID‐19 infection occurring in pancreas transplant recipients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13359 doi: 10.1111/tid.13359 id: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r author: Dube, Taru title: Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector date: 2020-10-25 words: 13885.0 sentences: 845.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt summary: [2, [8] [9] [10] This article discusses SARS-CoV-2 nanostructure, the virus biology in connection to its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and potential and future therapeutic options including repurposed drugs, vaccine/protein therapies, immune therapies, and nanotherapeutics. Mechanisms such as inhibition of viral enzymes (DNA and RNA polymerases, 3CL pro, TMPRSS2, reverse transcriptase, neuraminidase, endonucleases, and other proteases) or processes such as ACE2 cellular receptor inhibitors and endosomal acidification mediators prohibiting viral fusion; molecules interfering with glycosylation of the viral protein, viral assembly, new viral particle transport, and release, and immunomodulation of cytokine release can be potential targets in developing various antiviral drugs for the SARS-CoV-2. [85] A randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase IV clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of umifenovir as an adjuvant therapy to the combined therapeutic regimen of IFN 1a, lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients (NCT04350684) is underway. abstract: The deadly pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has paralyzed the world. Although significant methodological advances have been made in the field of viral detection/diagnosis with 251 in vitro diagnostic tests receiving emergency use approval by the US‐FDA, little progress has been made in identifying curative or preventive therapies. This review discusses the current trends and potential future approaches for developing COVID‐19 therapeutics, including repurposed drugs, vaccine candidates, immune‐modulators, convalescent plasma therapy, and antiviral nanoparticles/nanovaccines/combinatorial nanotherapeutics to surmount the pandemic viral strain. Many potent therapeutic candidates emerging via drug‐repurposing could significantly reduce the cost and duration of anti‐COVID‐19 drug development. Gene/protein‐based vaccine candidates that could elicit both humoral and cell‐based immunity would be on the frontlines to prevent the disease. Many emerging nanotechnology‐based interventions will be critical in the fight against the deadly virus by facilitating early detection and enabling target oriented multidrug therapeutics. The therapeutic candidates discussed in this article include remdesivir, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, favilavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibody therapeutics like gimsilumab and TJM2, anti‐viral nanoparticles, and nanoparticle‐based DNA and mRNA vaccines. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.202000172 doi: 10.1002/adtp.202000172 id: cord-351280-13vz8rg8 author: Dubicka, Bernadka title: Editorial: How in the world are we handling COVID‐19? date: 2020-08-18 words: 1454.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351280-13vz8rg8.txt summary: Instead of our planned debate series, we therefore commissioned a series of reflections on the impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health throughout the world. Instead of our planned debate series, we therefore commissioned a series of reflections on the impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health throughout the world. Children''s mental health has not always been at the forefront of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in some parts of the world, the disparities between need and service provision are stark. The authors argue that building young people''s resilience through the COVID-19 crisis should involve more than tracking their mental health or ''giving voice'' to their experiences. Debate: Recognising and responding to the mental health needs of young people in the era of COVID-19 Debate: Emergency mental health presentations of young people during the COVID-19 lockdown abstract: These are not normal times. As an editorial team, we felt that there was an urgency to reflect on our global experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic with our international colleagues. Instead of our planned debate series, we therefore commissioned a series of reflections on the impact of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health throughout the world. We hope that you will find these reflections informative, thought‐provoking, and in some cases, inspirational. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12417 doi: 10.1111/camh.12417 id: cord-324507-w32pe2pz author: Dubé, Mirette title: COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date: 2020-08-18 words: 5737.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324507-w32pe2pz.txt summary: Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km(2)), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada. abstract: Healthcare resources have been strained to previously unforeseeable limits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. This has prompted the emergence of critical just-in-time COVID-19 education, including rapid simulation preparedness, evaluation and training across all healthcare sectors. Simulation has been proven to be pivotal for both healthcare provider learning and systems integration in the context of testing and integrating new processes, workflows, and rapid changes to practice (e.g., new cognitive aids, checklists, protocols) and changes to the delivery of clinical care. The individual, team, and systems learnings generated from proactive simulation training is occurring at unprecedented volume and speed in our healthcare system. Establishing a clear process to collect and report simulation outcomes has never been more important for staff and patient safety to reduce preventable harm. Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km(2)), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. Unfortunately, the speed at which the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged in Canada may prevent healthcare sectors in both urban and rural settings to have an opportunity for healthcare teams to participate in just-in-time in situ simulation-based learning prior to a potential surge of COVID-19 patients. Our coordinated approach and infrastructure have enabled organizational learnings and the ability to theme and categorize a mass volume of simulation outcome data, primarily from acute care settings to help all sectors further anticipate and plan. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-020-00138-w doi: 10.1186/s41077-020-00138-w id: cord-356174-40k6m7l0 author: Ducloyer, Mathilde title: Complete post-mortem data in a fatal case of COVID-19: clinical, radiological and pathological correlations date: 2020-08-06 words: 2874.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356174-40k6m7l0.txt summary: A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) using a nasopharyngeal swab sample. Post-mortem virology studies detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage) in the nasopharynx, plasma, lung biopsies, pleural effusion and faeces confirming the persistence of viral ribonucleic acid 48 h after death. This case is one of the first to describe complete post-mortem data for a COVID-19 death and highlights the ability of PMCT to detect severe involvement of the lungs before autopsy in an apparently natural death. The present pathology results are concordant with previously reported findings and reinforce the disease pathogenesis hypothesis of combined viral replication with an inappropriate immune response. Concerning the post-mortem virology data, this case demonstrated that RNA from SARS-CoV-2 was still detectable in blood, faeces, the lungs and the upper airways more than 48 h after death. abstract: A 75-year-old man presented to a French hospital with a 4-day fever after returning from a coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cluster region. A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) using a nasopharyngeal swab sample. After he returned home and a telephone follow-up, he was found deceased 9 days after first showing symptoms. Whole-body, non-enhanced, post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and a forensic autopsy were performed approximately 48 h after death, with sanitary precautions. The PMCT showed bilateral and diffuse crazy-paving lung opacities, with bilateral pleural effusions. Post-mortem virology studies detected the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1 lineage) in the nasopharynx, plasma, lung biopsies, pleural effusion and faeces confirming the persistence of viral ribonucleic acid 48 h after death. Microscopic examination showed that severe lung damage was responsible for his death. The main abnormality was diffuse alveolar damage, associated with different stages of inflammation and fibrosis. This case is one of the first to describe complete post-mortem data for a COVID-19 death and highlights the ability of PMCT to detect severe involvement of the lungs before autopsy in an apparently natural death. The present pathology results are concordant with previously reported findings and reinforce the disease pathogenesis hypothesis of combined viral replication with an inappropriate immune response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767018/ doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02390-1 id: cord-306856-swiskyuf author: Ducournau, F. title: COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons date: 2020-04-09 words: 1378.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306856-swiskyuf.txt summary: A hand surgeon and an assistant from the Wuhan region were infected on 22nd January 2020 whilst operating on a COVID-19 patient. The questionnaire focused on the existing protocols in five key areas: operating theatres, surgeons'' meeting rooms, wards, emergency rooms and external consultations. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore abstract: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected medical treatment protocols throughout the world. While the pandemic does not affect hand surgeons at first glance, they have a role to play. The purpose of this study was to describe the different measures that have been put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by hand surgeons throughout the world. The survey comprised 47 surgeons working in 34 countries who responded to an online questionnaire. We found that the protocols varied in terms of visitors, health professionals in the operating room, patient waiting areas, wards and emergency rooms. Based on these preliminary findings, an international consensus on hand surgery practices for the current viral pandemic, and future ones, needs to be built rapidly. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468122920300748 doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.001 id: cord-340512-wjbh1z8y author: Dugas, M. title: COVID-19 in Children with Brain-Based Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid Review date: 2020-05-06 words: 2859.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340512-wjbh1z8y.txt summary: To assess whether children with brain-based developmental disabilities were more likely to develop COVID-19 and have complications or poorer outcomes following infection. We conducted a two-week rapid review on studies with primary data regarding children aged between zero and 18 years old with brain-based developmental disabilities, or who were at risk of developing such disabilities, with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Of the 50 COVID-19 pediatric patients reported in the included studies, a total of seven children were at risk of developing brain-based disabilities. We considered any study with primary data that included children aged between zero and 18 with a brain-based developmental disability or at risk of developing such disability with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (see Appendix 3 for full list). Our rapid review has identified knowledge gaps in the literature regarding the effects of COVID-19 in children with developmental brain-based disabilities, and those at risk of developing such disabilities. abstract: Background. The prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 in children remains low to date. In just a few months, COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide, and as of the date of this publication, the pandemic continues. Based on the current available evidence, children do not appear to be at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 than adults. However, children with neurological and neuromuscular conditions are vulnerable to the respiratory complications of other viral infections. Objectives. To assess whether children with brain-based developmental disabilities were more likely to develop COVID-19 and have complications or poorer outcomes following infection. Methods. We conducted a two-week rapid review on studies with primary data regarding children aged between zero and 18 years old with brain-based developmental disabilities, or who were at risk of developing such disabilities, with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. We performed our literature searches on April 18, 2020. Results. Our search strategy identified 538 individual records, of which four were included in our review. Of the 50 COVID-19 pediatric patients reported in the included studies, a total of seven children were at risk of developing brain-based disabilities. Symptoms ranged in severity. However, generally, patients were discharged or saw improvements in their symptoms by the end of the study period. No deaths were reported. Discussion. Our study highlights a knowledge gap regarding the impact of COVID-19 in children with brain-based developmental disabilities. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.01.20088021v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20088021 id: cord-354376-ghxy727r author: Duggan, Nicole M. title: Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 1211.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354376-ghxy727r.txt summary: title: Best practice recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with suspected COVID-19 Abstract Background Lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a critical tool for evaluating patients with dyspnea in the emergency department (ED), including patients with suspected COVID-19. A 6-zone scanning protocol which prioritizes obtaining images in these locations optimizes provider positioning, and minimizes time spent scanning which can reduce risk to health care workers performing POCUS. INTRODUCTION 26 27 Lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an invaluable tool for assessing emergency 28 department (ED) patients with dyspnea (1-3). Unfortunately, given these properties, the time spent scanning potentially 44 infectious patients and the multi-use nature of ultrasound machines makes POCUS a possible Recognizing the dissonance between the clinical utility of POCUS and the added risk of nosocomial spread, emergency medicine and ultrasound professional organizations have 48 published guidelines outlining safe use of ultrasound in the setting of COVID-19 (12, 20-22). abstract: Abstract Background Lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a critical tool for evaluating patients with dyspnea in the emergency department (ED), including patients with suspected COVID-19. However, given the threat of nosocomial disease spread, the use of ultrasound is no longer risk-free. Objective of the Review: Here, we review the lung POCUS findings in patients with COVID-19. In doing so we present a scanning protocol for lung POCUS in COVID-19 which maximizes clinical utility and provider safety. Discussion In COVID-19 lung, POCUS findings are predominatly located in the posterior and lateral lung zones bilaterally. A 6-zone scanning protocol which prioritizes obtaining images in these locations optimizes provider positioning, and minimizes time spent scanning which can reduce risk to health care workers performing POCUS. Conclusions Lung POCUS can offer valuable clinical data when evaluating patients with COVID-19. Scanning protocols such as that presented here which target clinical utility and decreased nosocomial disease spread must be prioritized. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.06.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.06.033 id: cord-294700-pb5k21da author: Dulek, Daniel E title: Multidisciplinary Guidance Regarding the Use of Immunomodulatory Therapies for Acute COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients date: 2020-08-18 words: 14522.0 sentences: 835.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294700-pb5k21da.txt summary: Although the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric populations result in minimal or mild COVID-19 in the acute phase of infection, a small subset of children develop severe and even critical disease in this phase with concomitant inflammation that may benefit from immunomodulation. The framework presented herein offers an approach to decision-making regarding immunomodulatory therapy for severe or critical pediatric COVID-19 and is informed by currently available data, while awaiting results of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. Given the lack of available results from randomized-controlled trials of immunomodulatory therapy in children with COVID-19, the risk-benefit ratio for most pediatric patients points toward supportive care as the key management strategy. In the absence of such opportunity, and recognizing that definitive evidence is lacking, consideration for use of immunomodulatory agents in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with clinical and biochemical evidence of cytokine storm physiology (e.g., features of secondary HLH) should be limited to patients with clear evidence of critical COVID-19 disease and risk for multi-organ failure. abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated lung injury and systemic hyperinflammation are characteristic of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults. Although the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric populations result in minimal or mild COVID-19 in the acute phase of infection, a small subset of children develop severe and even critical disease in this phase with concomitant inflammation that may benefit from immunomodulation. Therefore, guidance is needed regarding immunomodulatory therapies in the setting of acute pediatric COVID-19. This document does not provide guidance regarding the recently emergent multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of pediatric subspecialty physicians and pharmacists with expertise in infectious diseases, rheumatology, hematology/oncology, and critical care medicine was convened. Guidance statements were developed based on best available evidence and expert opinion. RESULTS: The panel devised a framework for considering the use of immunomodulatory therapy based on an assessment of clinical disease severity and degree of multi-organ involvement combined with evidence of hyperinflammation. Additionally, the known rationale for consideration of each immunomodulatory approach and the associated risks and benefits was summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Immunomodulatory therapy is not recommended for the majority of pediatric patients, who typically develop mild or moderate COVID-19. For children with severe or critical illness, the use of immunomodulatory agents may be beneficial. The risks and benefits of such therapies are variable and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis with input from appropriate specialty services. When available, the panel strongly favors immunomodulatory agent use within the context of clinical trials. The framework presented herein offers an approach to decision-making regarding immunomodulatory therapy for severe or critical pediatric COVID-19 and is informed by currently available data, while awaiting results of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808988/ doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa098 id: cord-269105-yuphgyrn author: Dumantepe, Mert title: Subsegmental Thrombus in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Immunothrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? Data Analysis of Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-08-24 words: 1324.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269105-yuphgyrn.txt summary: Thrombotic complications due to considerable inflammation, cytokine-mediated microvascular damage and pulmonary immunothrombosis formation seem to have emerged as an important issue in people infected with COVID-19. Cytokine-mediated microvascular damage, hypoxia, systemic inflammation, microangiopathy, coagulation pathway activation, and eventual immunothrombosis development have been described as key features of severe COVID-19 [4] . COVID-19 infection is related with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to respiratory failure, with microvascular hyaline membrane and pulmonary immunothrombosis formation presumably playing a crucial role. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, presenting with disease progression or worsening of respiratory symptoms and significant elevation of D-Dimer levels, more attention should be paid to the occurrence of potential pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep venous thrombosis (DVT). During the study period, four COVID-19 pneumonia patients in conjunction with high-risk PE were treated with EKOS ™ Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis ( [11] . Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: Background The new coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 350,000 deaths worldwide. Thrombotic complications due to considerable inflammation, cytokine-mediated microvascular damage and pulmonary immunothrombosis formation seem to have emerged as an important issue in people infected with COVID-19. Methods This study reviewed consecutive symptomatic patients with proven COVID-19 infection admitted to Acibadem University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey (15 March–25 May 2020). The primary outcome was any venous thromboembolic (VTE) complication. The secondary outcome was the incidence of subsegmental pulmonary embolism with or without deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which represented immunothrombosis development. Results The mean age was 55.7±17.4 years (range, 29–84); 224 (63.6%) were men. Of those patients, 12 (3.4%) died, 273 (77.5%) were discharged alive and 67 (19.1%) were still hospitalised as of 25 May 2020. VTE events occurred in 58 patients with a cumulative rate of 16.4% during the study period. The surprising discovery was that DVT was not identified in 20 (86.9%) of the 23 patients with subsegmental pulmonary embolism, which corroborated the pulmonary immunothrombosis theory. Conclusions The high incidence of VTE events suggests an important role of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. Thus, repeated assessment and optimised treatment are necessary to reduce the occurrence of VTE and prevent fatal pulmonary embolism events. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism of this immunothrombosis development. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.003 id: cord-325645-rvj4b26t author: Dumas, Tara M. title: What Does Adolescent Substance Use Look Like During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Changes in Frequency, Social Contexts, and Pandemic-Related Predictors date: 2020-07-18 words: 5071.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325645-rvj4b26t.txt summary: METHODS: Canadian adolescents (n = 1,054, M(age) = 16.68, standard deviation = .78) completed an online survey, in which they reported on their frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, and vaping in the 3 weeks before and directly after social distancing practices had taken effect. Concerns for how social distancing would affect peer reputation was a significant predictor of face-to-face substance use with friends among adolescents with low self-reported popularity, and a significant predictor of solitary substance use among average and high popularity teens. H2: Most adolescents who use substances during the COVID-19 crisis will do so within a peer context (i.e., face-to-face or using technology) as opposed to a solitary context; H3: Adolescents higher in self-reported popularity will be more likely to engage in peer substance use during the COVID-19 crisis, especially when they feel greater concern for how social distancing will affect their reputation; abstract: PURPOSE: The overarching goal of this study was to provide key information on how adolescents' substance use has changed since the corona virus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, in addition to key contexts and correlates of substance use during social distancing. METHODS: Canadian adolescents (n = 1,054, M(age) = 16.68, standard deviation = .78) completed an online survey, in which they reported on their frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use, and vaping in the 3 weeks before and directly after social distancing practices had taken effect. RESULTS: For most substances, the percentage of users decreased; however, the frequency of both alcohol and cannabis use increased. Although the greatest percentage of adolescents was engaging in solitary substance use (49.3%), many were still using substances with peers via technology (31.6%) and, shockingly, even face to face (23.6%). Concerns for how social distancing would affect peer reputation was a significant predictor of face-to-face substance use with friends among adolescents with low self-reported popularity, and a significant predictor of solitary substance use among average and high popularity teens. Finally, adjustment predictors, including depression and fear of the infectivity of COVID-19, predicted using solitary substance use during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide preliminary evidence that adolescent substance use, including that which occurs face to face with peers, thereby putting adolescents at risk for contracting COVID-19, may be of particular concern during the pandemic. Further, solitary adolescent substance use during the pandemic, which is associated with poorer mental health and coping, may also be a notable concern worthy of further investigation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X20303311 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.018 id: cord-270935-t9pym9k0 author: Dumyati, Ghinwa title: Does Universal Testing for COVID-19 Work for Everyone? date: 2020-08-15 words: 2681.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270935-t9pym9k0.txt summary: Strategies to address COVID-19 infections among nursing home residents vary based on the availability for SARS-CoV-2 tests, the incorporation of tests into broader surveillance efforts, and using results to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. Dr. Jump reports support for this work in part through the Cleveland Geriatric Research 50 While there is general agreement that increased access to testing is important for personal and 23 public health, the selection and use of diagnostic tests to mitigate COVID-19 infections in post-24 acute and long-term care settings is complex and should be tailored to individual sites. Because he met the nursing 36 home''s enhanced screening criteria for COVID-19 (Table 1) , 1 he was placed on transmission-37 based precautions and a laboratory test for SARS-CoV-2 was ordered. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has been especially devastating among nursing home residents, with both the health circumstances of individual residents as well as communal living settings contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection requires a multipronged approach that includes early identification of infected residents and healthcare personnel, compliance with infection prevention and control measures, cohorting infected residents, and furlough of infected staff. Strategies to address COVID-19 infections among nursing home residents vary based on the availability for SARS-CoV-2 tests, the incorporation of tests into broader surveillance efforts, and using results to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. We review the tests available to diagnose COVID-19 infections, the implications of universal testing for nursing home staff and residents, interpretation of test results, issues around repeat testing, and incorporation of test results as part of a long-term response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a structured approach for facility-wide testing of resident and staff and provide alternatives if testing capacity is limited, emphasizing contact tracing. Nursing homes with strong screening protocols for residents and staff, that engage in contact tracing for new cases, and that continue to remain vigilant about infection prevent and control practices, may better serve their residents and staff by thoughtful use of symptom- and risk-based testing strategies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020307039?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.013 id: cord-034603-9gso0zib author: Dungar, Keval Dhanji title: Can surgery continue safely during a pandemic? A commentary on “Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study” date: 2020-11-04 words: 891.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034603-9gso0zib.txt summary: A commentary on "Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study" We read with great interest the quality improvement study by Philouze et al [1] which detailed the organisation of the institution during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allowed diversion of maximal resources to manage the surge in COVID-19 cases whilst ensuring emergency, oncological and transplantation surgeries were able to continue. The study demonstrated that with stringent screening protocols, clear pathways to manage proven and suspected COVID positive patients, as well as strict compliance with infection control and personal protective equipment (PPE), surgery was safely carried out during the pandemic. A UK study showed that using ''COVID-19 free'' hospitals, where the patients were neither suspected nor proven to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus, enabled safe elective surgery to proceed without serious adverse outcomes [4] . Surgical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic: Results for 112 patients in a French tertiary care center, a quality improvement study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7609239/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.031 id: cord-300855-vba552kh author: Dungar, Keval Dhanji title: The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on “acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. A multicentre retrospective cohort study” date: 2020-10-08 words: 691.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300855-vba552kh.txt summary: title: The lessons to learn with regards to hospital admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Commentary on "acute care surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. We read with great interest the study by Cano-Valderrama et al [1] which compared the number of acute care surgery procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic with a control period. Acute Care Surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: Changes in volume, causes and complications. Delayed access to care and late presentations in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f survey of 4075 paediatricians in the UK and Ireland The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study Please enter the name of the registry, the hyperlink to the registration and the unique identifying number of the study. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33039654/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.001 id: cord-308218-0rztvk9g author: Dunham, Alexandra M. title: A Bioethical Perspective for Navigating Moral Dilemmas Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 3678.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308218-0rztvk9g.txt summary: Real life dilemmas about how to allocate resources and provide care in hot-spot cities make explicit the need for careful ethical analysis, 5,6 but the need runs far deeper than that; even when not trading some lives against others, the responsibilities of both individual clinicians and the broader healthcare system are changing in the face of this crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention addresses the question of COVID-19 patient care for pregnant healthcare workers by placing the burden on facilities "to consider limiting exposure" to "confirmed or suspected COVID-19, especially during higher risk procedures" but acknowledges challenges of "staffing availability." 29 The limited staffing ability of many health systemsbecause of long-standing understaffing or clinician illness-is going to require the use of redeployment strategies. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems and clinicians around the globe. As the virus has spread, critical questions arose about how to best deliver health care in emergency situations where material and personnel resources become scarce. Clinicians who excel at caring for the individual patient at the bedside are now being reoriented into a system where they are being asked to see the collective public as their responsibility. As such, the clinical ethics clinicians are used to practicing is being modified by a framework of public health ethics defined by the presence of a global pandemic. There are many unknowns about Coronavirus disease 2019, which makes it difficult to provide consistent recommendations and guidelines that uniformly apply to all situations. This lack of consensus leads to the clinicians' confusion and distress. Real life dilemmas about how to allocate resources and provide care in hot-spot cities make explicit the need for careful ethical analysis, but the need runs far deeper than that; even when not trading some lives against others, the responsibilities of both individual clinicians and the broader healthcare system are changing in the face of this crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00371 doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00371 id: cord-324387-mnucvmr1 author: Dunn, Michael title: ‘Your country needs you’: the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 words: 4753.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324387-mnucvmr1.txt summary: title: ''Your country needs you'': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19 In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to increasing asymmetries of need across the whole health service, and reallocating clinical staff becomes an important responsive strategy, when staffing levels are finite, to address this issue. abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues associated with changes to staff allocation processes in the face of COVID-19. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. Next, we argue that the changing asymmetries of health needs in hospitals means that careful consideration needs to be given to a stepwise process for deallocating staff from their usual duties. We conclude by considering how a justifiable process of reallocating professionals to high-risk clinical roles should be configured once those who are ‘fit for reallocation’ have been identified. We claim that this process needs to attend to three questions that we consider in detail: (1) how the choice to make reallocation decisions is made, (2) what justifiable models for reallocation might look like and (3) what is owed to those who are reallocated. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106284 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106284 id: cord-321593-x6mdkyq6 author: Dunnick, N. Reed title: Most Adaptable to Change date: 2020-05-06 words: 1523.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321593-x6mdkyq6.txt summary: These and other measures are slowing the increase in new cases and giving healthcare facilities more time to gather the materials needed to care for these patients. Healthcare facilities have curtailed routine medical care in order to focus on COVID-19 patients. As a result, many radiologists are able to work from home, using workstations connected to the PACS and supported by the medical center or department''s information technology team. As our academic medical centers have expanded, often incorporating community hospitals, one of the things most valued by those physicians working remotely is access to tumor boards and other multidisciplinary conferences. Radiologists, many of whom are already suffering from "burnout" can make use of this COVID-19 downtime by taking care of ourselves, engaging in personal development, supporting others, or participating in continuing medical education or maintenance of certification credits. Must a radiologist come into the hospital or outpatient imaging center to use the same workstation he or she has at home? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.037 doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.037 id: cord-317560-jhthcw20 author: Duong, Lisa title: Letter to the Editor: Neurohospitalist and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 words: 419.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317560-jhthcw20.txt summary: We are in agreement that COVID-19 should not have reduced the incidence or prevalence of stroke as well as other neurological diseases and emergencies. The number of neurological consultations as well as stroke alert activations has decreased by 50% during the past three months, April, May and June of this year, 2020 compared with the same time period in 2019. The second most common incidents from those patient consultations were stroke. Six patients, however, presented to hospital with normal neurological status only to develop strokes while hospitalized. Similar to observation around the world, the total number of neurological consultations has dropped during the past three months while there is increasing recognition of neurological manifestation of COVID-19. Further observation and reviews are needed to understand the full neurological manifestations of this highly infectious, communicable respiratory syndrome, COVID-19. COVID-19 does not reduce stroke-related emergencies Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a COVID-19 patient abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776168/ doi: 10.1007/s13760-020-01470-8 id: cord-269969-xl1ooxoj author: Duong, Tuyen Van title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey date: 2020-09-30 words: 4133.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269969-xl1ooxoj.txt summary: title: Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change during COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. We examined the psychometric properties of an expanded digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) domain of health literacy to investigate associations between DDL and eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students at 10 public universities in Vietnam. In this study, our findings illustrate that higher scores of health literacy and digital healthy diet literacy were positively associated with healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for both nursing and medical students. abstract: Assessing healthy diet literacy and eating behaviors is critical for identifying appropriate public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the psychometric properties of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and its association with eating behavior changes during the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing and medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 7 April to 31 May 2020 at 10 public universities in Vietnam, in which 7616 undergraduate students aged 19–27 completed an online survey to assess socio-demographics, clinical parameters, health literacy (HL), DDL, and health-related behaviors. Four items of the DDL scale loaded on one component explained 71.32%, 67.12%, and 72.47% of the scale variances for the overall sample, nursing, and medical students, respectively. The DDL scale was found to have satisfactory item-scale convergent validity and criterion validity, high internal consistency reliability, and no floor or ceiling effect. Of all, 42.8% of students reported healthier eating behavior during the pandemic. A 10-index score increment of DDL was associated with 18%, 23%, and 17% increased likelihood of healthier eating behavior during the pandemic for the overall sample (OR, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.13, 1.24; p < 0.001), nursing students (OR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.10, 1.35; p < 0.001), and medical students (OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.11, 1.24; p < 0.001), respectively. The DDL scale is a valid and reliable tool for the quick assessment of digital healthy diet literacy. Students with higher DDL scores had a higher likelihood of healthier eating behavior during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197185 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197185 id: cord-327481-m9r0p84v author: Duployez, Nicolas title: Clinico-Biological Features and Clonal Hematopoiesis in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 words: 3854.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327481-m9r0p84v.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., orotracheal intubation (OTI)) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Here, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring OTI). In this report, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants, in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring orotracheal intubation (OTI) in the intensive care unit (ICU)) at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille, France). The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., OTI) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. abstract: Advanced age or preexisting comorbidities have been characterized as risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases requiring hospitalization and intensive care. In recent years, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has emerged as a risk factor for chronic inflammatory background and subsequent aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify biological factors (particularly leukocyte subtypes and inflammatory markers) associated with a risk of clinical deterioration (i.e., orotracheal intubation (OTI)) and to determine whether CH was likely to influence clinical and biological behavior in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. Here, we describe clinical and biological features, including the screening of CHIP mutants in a well-annotated cohort of 122 hospitalized patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (55% requiring OTI). We showed that elevated white blood cell counts, especially neutrophils and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at admission, were associated with an increased requirement of OTI. We noticed a high prevalence of CH (25%, 38%, 56%, and 82% of patients aged <60 years, 60–70 years, 70–80 years, and >80 years) compared to a retrospective cohort of patients free of hematological malignancy explored with the same pipelines (10%, 21%, 37%, and 44%). However, the existence of CH did not significantly impact clinical outcome, including OTI or death, and did not correlate with other laboratory findings. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071992 doi: 10.3390/cancers12071992 id: cord-322386-fkmrzitm author: Duran, Emine title: Vital corner of diagnostic challenge: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis or COVID-19 pneumonia? date: 2020-07-24 words: 1597.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322386-fkmrzitm.txt summary: Inevitably, COVID-19 ranks first in differential diagnosis of all patients with respiratory symptoms and signs in current pandemic days. EGPA was diagnosed depending on coexistence of asthma, eosinophilia in peripheral blood, MPO-ANCA positivity and paranasal CT abnormality (Table 1) . In current pandemic days, COVID-19 positions the first in differential diagnosis of all patients with respiratory symptoms and signs. 9 EGPA is a disease characterised by systemic necrotising vasculitis and eosinophilia that can occur in patients with asthma. In that case, the patient had eosinophilia, bilateral GGO in lung and skin lesion, but he had no asthma and ANCA tests results were negative. 13 To investigate other causes of GGO in patients who have atypical CT findings for COVID-19 pneumonia with negative RT-PCR test result is important. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709679/ doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218533 id: cord-347547-makm0j09 author: Duran-Frigola, Miquel title: Bioactivity Profile Similarities to Expand the Repertoire of COVID-19 Drugs date: 2020-07-16 words: 1942.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347547-makm0j09.txt summary: By comparing the set of drugs reported to be potentially active against SARS-CoV-2 to a universe of 1 million bioactive molecules, we identify compounds that display analogous chemical and functional features to the current COVID-19 candidates. Searches can be filtered by level of evidence and mechanism of action, and results can be restricted to drug molecules or include the much broader space of bioactive compounds. Indeed, we conducted a limited review of the most relevant scientific literature and identified over 200 compounds that are potentially active against COVID-19 with different levels of experimental support, from purely computational predictions to preclinical and drugs already in clinical trials. We use the list of COVID-19 compounds extracted from the literature, with different levels of experimental evidence, as bait to search for compounds with similar bioactivity or chemical features among the 800,000 molecules contained in the CC. abstract: [Image: see text] Until a vaccine becomes available, the current repertoire of drugs is our only therapeutic asset to fight the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Indeed, emergency clinical trials have been launched to assess the effectiveness of many marketed drugs, tackling the decrease of viral load through several mechanisms. Here, we present an online resource, based on small-molecule bioactivity signatures and natural language processing, to expand the portfolio of compounds with potential to treat COVID-19. By comparing the set of drugs reported to be potentially active against SARS-CoV-2 to a universe of 1 million bioactive molecules, we identify compounds that display analogous chemical and functional features to the current COVID-19 candidates. Searches can be filtered by level of evidence and mechanism of action, and results can be restricted to drug molecules or include the much broader space of bioactive compounds. Moreover, we allow users to contribute COVID-19 drug candidates, which are automatically incorporated to the pipeline once per day. The computational platform, as well as the source code, is available at https://sbnb.irbbarcelona.org/covid19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32672454/ doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00420 id: cord-307702-n74wvika author: Durant, Thomas J S title: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Laboratory Utilization date: 2020-07-14 words: 2811.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307702-n74wvika.txt summary: METHODS: We performed a retrospective assessment of laboratory test order and specimen container utilization at a single, urban tertiary care medical center. We performed a retrospective assessment of laboratory test order and specimen container utilization at a single, urban tertiary care medical center. Total testing volumes were calculated during the first and last two-weeks of the observation period and used as reference points to examine the absolute and relative differences in test order volume between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 surge periods. Total testing volumes were calculated during the first and last two-weeks of the observation period and used as reference points to examine the absolute and relative differences in test order volume between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 surge periods. While volume increases were seen for laboratory tests related to COVID-19 diagnostics and management, including some with limited evidence to support their use, overall testing volumes decreased substantially. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was formally characterized as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since that time, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented demand for healthcare resources. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in laboratory test utilization in the setting of increasing local incidence of COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a retrospective assessment of laboratory test order and specimen container utilization at a single, urban tertiary care medical center. Data were extracted from the laboratory information system database over a 10-week period, spanning the primordial inflection of COVID-19 incidence in our region. Total testing volumes were calculated during the first and last two-weeks of the observation period and used as reference points to examine the absolute and relative differences in test order volume between the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 surge periods. RESULTS: Between February 2, 2020 and April 11, 2020, there were 873,397 tests ordered and final verified. The in-house SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate for admitted patients in the last week of the observation period was 30.8%. Significant increases in workload were observed in the send-out laboratory section and for COVID-19 diagnosis (PCR) and management-related testing. Otherwise, there was a net decrease in overall demand across nearly all laboratory sections. Increases in testing were noted for tests related to COVID-19 management. Viral transport media and citrated blue top containers demonstrated increases in utilization. CONCLUSION: Increasing local incidence of COVID-19 had a profound impact on laboratory operations. While volume increases were seen for laboratory tests related to COVID-19 diagnostics and management, including some with limited evidence to support their use, overall testing volumes decreased substantially. During events such as COVID-19, monitoring of such patterns can help inform laboratory management, staffing, and test stewardship recommendations for managing resource and supply availability. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa121 doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa121 id: cord-340303-1xd5tntx author: Durmuş, Veli title: Tendencias epidémicas en los diez principales países con más casos de COVID-19 en comparación con Turquía date: 2020-09-14 words: 3780.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340303-1xd5tntx.txt summary: The present study aimed to compare the COVID-19 epidemic parameters in Turkey with the top ten countries that reported the highest number of confirmed cases worldwide on April 25, 2020. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID19) , which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, quickly spread to more than 200 countries as the number of cases rises daily, as of April 25, 2020 (Fig. 1 ). 4 In order to measure the severity of the disease that causes death, several studies have discussed the case-fatality rate (CFR) during a specified time period by country. As of April 25, 2020, the top 10 countries with the most reported COVID-19 cases were the United States (US), Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom (UK), Turkey, Iran, China, and Russia, respectively. abstract: Introducción: El brote se extendió rápidamente a más de 200 países y provocó millones de casos confirmados y miles de muertes en todo el mundo. Esto representa una seria amenaza para el mundo en términos de salud pública. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los parámetros de la epidemia de COVID-19 en Turquía con los diez principales países que informaron el mayor número de casos confirmados en todo el mundo el 25 de abril de 2020. Además, podría proporcionar una mejor comprensión del papel de las medidas nacionales en el curso de la enfermedad mediante el cálculo de la tasa de letalidad. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda detallada de los sitios web oficiales del Centro de Ciencias e Ingeniería de Sistemas de la Universidad Johns Hopkins, y se realizaron anuncios entre el 22 de enero y el 25 de abril de 2020. Se obtuvieron los datos relevantes de la distribución de la infección en cada día informado. Resultados: Aunque la tasa de crecimiento aumentó bruscamente en más del 1,2% a fines de enero de 2020, el número acumulado de casos se mantuvo por debajo de los 1.500 en todo el mundo. La curva de crecimiento epidémico en Turquía fue muy similar a la de Estados Unidos e Italia durante el período. La tasa de letalidad en Turquía fue del 2,51%, que está por debajo de los países con la mayoría de los casos, excepto Rusia, y la tasa de recuperación y mortalidad parecía estar en un nivel moderado entre estos países. Conclusiones: Debido a que no existen tratamientos estándar para la enfermedad, es importante evitar la infección o una mayor propagación. Los tomadores de decisiones deben adoptar una serie de medidas para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia, utilizando sistemas de vigilancia nacionales. Introduction: The outbreak rapidly spread to more than 200 countries and led to millions of confirmed cases as well as thousands of deaths worldwide. This makes a serious threat to the world in terms of public health. The present study aimed to compare the COVID-19 epidemic parameters in Turkey with the top ten countries that reported the highest number of confirmed cases worldwide on April 25, 2020. Plus, it might provide better insight into the efficacy of national interventions on the course of the disease by measuring the case-fatality rate. Methods: A detailed search of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering official websites, and announcements were conducted between January 22 and April 25, 2020. COVID-19 related datasets for the distribution of the infection on each reported day were obtained. Results: Although the growth rate sharply increased by more than 1.2% in the late January 2020, the cumulative number of cases remained below 1,500 around the world. The epidemic growth curve in Turkey was very similar to the US and Italy during the period. The case-fatality rate in Turkey was 2.51%, which below the countries with the most cases, except Russia, and the recovery-death ratio appeared to be at a moderate level among these countries. Conclusions: Since there are no standard treatments for the disease, it is important to avoid infection or further spreading. Decision-makers should adopt a series of measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, using national surveillance systems. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1576988720300431 doi: 10.1016/j.vacun.2020.08.003 id: cord-317567-19ssakh7 author: Duroi, Iris title: Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury date: 2020-05-26 words: 985.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317567-19ssakh7.txt summary: We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke. Neurological problems in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are common, varying from encephalopathy, confusion and agitation, to acute stroke [1] . Here, we report a fatal ischaemic stroke in a patient with severe COVID-19 complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are several reports of acute ischaemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 [4, 5] . We report a fatal ischaemic stroke due to thrombotic occlusion of the left carotid artery without an apparent cardiac cause. In conclusion, we have described the occurrence of thrombotic stroke as a potential complication of severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: Severe COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thrombosis. We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Deep sedation may delay diagnosis. LEARNING POINTS: A thrombotic stroke can complicate severe COVID-19. Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke. The hypercoagulability and a thrombo-inflammatory response in COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in D-dimers and fibrinogen. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001732 doi: 10.12890/2020_001732 id: cord-301900-t4y4954h author: Durotoye, Idayat title: Pertinent roles of African higher institutions in the COVID‐19 pandemic response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model date: 2020-05-25 words: 1011.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301900-t4y4954h.txt summary: 4 The Unilorin health services was setup to meet the health needs of students and staff of the University community within a clinic facility that operates in collaboration with the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, where cases that require specialist''s attention are referred. First, a 3-minute in-house produced video (on COVID-19 preventive measures) was aired weekly at film shows organized for students; shared through multiple social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter; and displayed on digital devices across the university campuses. On invitation from local television and radio media houses, live interviews on COVID-19 preventive measures were organized, aired, and streamed as corporate social responsibilities. 11 In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria, a community-based rural healthcare outreach was organized to four adjourning rural communities next to the University. Using role-plays and didactic approaches within focal groups, 12 communities were educated, respectively, on good hand hygiene, 7 social distancing, good respiratory hygiene, and other COVID-19 prevention strategies 13 in their local languages. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2984 doi: 10.1002/hpm.2984 id: cord-305057-elglyass author: Dutt, Tina title: Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Anti-FXa—the Missing Factor? date: 2020-08-01 words: 1371.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305057-elglyass.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305057-elglyass.txt summary: Klok and colleagues reported a 31% cumulative incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis, increasing to 49% after adjustment for competing risk of death, despite anticoagulant therapy in patients admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU). The authors advised that anticoagulant treatment should be guided by anti-factor Xa (anti-FXa) activity and that higher targets would likely be required (5) . We reviewed anti-FXa activity in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection, all receiving pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin 40 mg once daily, creatinine clearance of .30 ml/min, and platelet count of .30 3 10 9 /L (7). Patients admitted with COVID-19 now receive weight-adjusted LMWH thromboprophylaxis with anti-FXa-guided dose escalation/reduction to achieve target anticoagulation levels. Taken in the clinical context, patients who require higher levels of ventilation or develop ARDS may warrant increased doses of LMWH thromboprophylaxis, resulting in discordant anti-FXa activity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32510975/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1654le id: cord-322645-ipzntrm2 author: Dutta, Anwesha title: The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India date: 2020-10-17 words: 7546.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322645-ipzntrm2.txt summary: Importantly, instructions issued by the DM in order to implement policies related to disease control and social protection are ultimately The following sections further explore how local institutions have been operationalized to fulfill these activities as well as their implications -both for the structure and functions of panchayats in India as well as for the COVID-19 response and recovery. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. abstract: Countries around the world have undertaken a wide range of strategies to halt the spread of COVID-19 and control the economic fallout left in its wake. Rural areas of developing countries pose particular difficulties for developing and implementing effective responses owing to underdeveloped health infrastructure, uneven state capacity for infection control, and endemic poverty. This paper makes the case for the critical role of local governance in coordinating pandemic response by examining how state authorities are attempting to bridge the gap between the need for rapid, vigorous response to the pandemic and local realities in three Indian states -- Rajasthan, Odisha, and Kerala. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Evidence from Kerala in particular suggests that the state’s long term investment in democratic local government and arrangements for incorporating women within grassroots state functions (through its Kudumbashree program) has built a high degree of public trust and cooperation with state actors, while local authorities embrace an ethic of care in the implementation of state responses. These observations, from the early months of the pandemic in South Asia, can serve as a foundation for future studies of how existing institutional arrangements and their histories pattern the long-term success of disease control and livelihood support as the pandemic proceeds. Governance, we argue, will be as important to understanding the trajectory of COVID-19 impacts and recovery as biology, demography, and economy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106724/ doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234 id: cord-271698-n9qd14oe author: Dy, Louie Florendo title: A COVID-19 infection risk model for frontline health care workers date: 2020-08-08 words: 3841.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271698-n9qd14oe.txt summary: In this study, we formulate a theoretical model to calculate the risk of being infected in health care facilities considering the following factors: the average number of encounters with a suspected COVID-19 patient per hour; interaction time for each encounter; work shift duration or exposure time; crowd density, which may depend on the amount of space available in a given location; and availability and effectiveness of protective gears and facilities provided for the frontline health care workers. abstract: The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in hospitals is continuously increasing in the Philippines. Frontline health care workers are faced with imminent risks of getting infected. In this study, we formulate a theoretical model to calculate the risk of being infected in health care facilities considering the following factors: the average number of encounters with a suspected COVID-19 patient per hour; interaction time for each encounter; work shift duration or exposure time; crowd density, which may depend on the amount of space available in a given location; and availability and effectiveness of protective gears and facilities provided for the frontline health care workers. Based on the simulation results, a set of risk assessment criteria is proposed to classify risks as ‘low’, ‘moderate’, or ‘high’. We recommend the following: (1) decrease the rate of patient encounter per frontline health care worker, e.g., maximum of three encounters per hour in a 12-h work shift duration; (2) decrease the interaction time between the frontline health care worker and the patients, e.g., less than 40 min for the whole day; (3) increase the clean and safe space for social distancing, e.g., maximum of 10% crowd density, and if possible, implement compartmentalization of patients; and/or (4) provide effective protective gears and facilities, e.g., 95% effective, that the frontline health care workers can use during their shift. Moreover, the formulated model can be used for other similar scenarios, such as identifying infection risk in public transportation, school classroom settings, offices, and mass gatherings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834923/ doi: 10.1007/s13721-020-00258-3 id: cord-301474-nuaq50vi author: Dyck, Jason R.B. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes Research in Canada date: 2020-05-13 words: 716.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301474-nuaq50vi.txt summary: Thus, continuation of ongoing research projects involving diabetes, as well as new projects examining how diabetes affects patients with COVID-19, are essential to the health of Canadians and global populations. In a similar way that each government around the world has a different approach to dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, the universities/research institutes across Canada also appear to be responding differently in terms of the restrictions placed on research activities. Thus, despite this COVID-19 pandemic and the need to protect the health of Canadians, a measured and sensible balance must be found that protects our citizens from this immediate health concern but also allows diabetes research to continue. If this approach is adopted, Canadian researchers can assist in helping to fight the COVID-19 pandemic but also protect the long-term health of Canadians at risk of developing diabetes or of those who currently have diabetes. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267120301283?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.002 id: cord-315587-jelh8o3v author: Dye, C. title: The scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics across Europe date: 2020-06-29 words: 3994.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315587-jelh8o3v.txt summary: Here we investigate how the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics differ among 26 European countries in which the numbers of reported deaths varied more than 100-fold. Here we investigate how the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics differ among 26 European countries in which the numbers of reported deaths varied more than 100-fold. This empirical analysis highlights the benefits of intervening early to curtail COVID-19 epidemics: the cumulative number of deaths reported in each country by 20 June was 60-200 times the number reported by the date of lockdown. Fig 1 was constructed with a compartmental model of SARS CoV-2 transmission, framed in ordinary differential equations, and representing a homogeneously mixing population divided among susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered or died (SEIR), as follows: (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: The frequently stated goal of COVID-19 control is to 'flatten the curve'; that is, to slow the epidemic by limiting contacts between infectious and susceptible individuals, and to reduce and delay peak numbers of cases and deaths. Here we investigate how the scale and dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics differ among 26 European countries in which the numbers of reported deaths varied more than 100-fold. Under lockdown, countries reporting fewer deaths in total also had lower peak death rates, as expected, but shorter rather than longer periods of epidemic growth. This empirical analysis highlights the benefits of intervening early to curtail COVID-19 epidemics: the cumulative number of deaths reported in each country by 20 June was 60-200 times the number reported by the date of lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20131144 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20131144 id: cord-303516-1yfaxlp5 author: Dyer, Jessica title: The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya date: 2020-08-20 words: 2278.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303516-1yfaxlp5.txt summary: The objective of this study was to assess psychosocial effects of COVID-19 among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya and to assess the feasibility of conducting behavioral surveys by phone. COVID-19-related disruptions in social contact and health service delivery could negatively affect psychosocial and clinical outcomes, as well as reduce participation in research, among the approximately 190,000 ALHIV in Kenya [2] . The Data-informed Stepped Care to Improve Adolescent Outcomes (DiSC) cohort includes 1386 ALHIV ages 10-24 years receiving HIV care at nine health facilities in Western Kenya. All participants had previously provided informed consent at enrollment, and ethical review committees of Maseno University in Kenya and University of Washington, Seattle, United States, approved the phone interviews and additional COVID-19 questions. It will be important to follow ALHIV over a longer period to understand sustained impact of social distancing and other COVID-19 effects such as adolescent mental health, resilience, and social support. abstract: The objective of this study was to assess psychosocial effects of COVID-19 among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya and to assess the feasibility of conducting behavioral surveys by phone. We adapted our protocol to administer telephone rather than in-person follow-up surveys and included questions about COVID-19. The majority of participants (99%) reported having heard of COVID-19; 23% reported no longer being able to go outside, 17% reported that they could no longer go to their regular clinic for medical care, and 3% reported that they could no longer get medication refills. PHQ-9 screening identified 9% (n = 45) with mild depression symptoms, and 1% (n = 3) with moderate-to-severe depression symptoms. Young adults 20–24 years old had more mild to severe depressive symptoms than the younger age groups (p < 0.001). Offering remote peer-support or mental health care, continuing to offer differentiated care services, and considering financial support will support the health and well-being of ALHIV. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03005-x doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03005-x id: cord-315246-b477kabe author: Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn? date: 2020-05-09 words: 1285.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315246-b477kabe.txt summary: The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. As the impact of COVID-19 on wellbeing and mental health appears to be significant, dental services will need to be able to provide some sort of ''psychological counselling and reassurance'' prior to dental care to vulnerable individuals with complex pre-existing conditions and special requirements. This is a primary role of reorganized dental services to minimize an indirect impact of COVID-19 on oral health; therefore, preparation seems to be another key word for special dental care ''evolution'' in the nearest future. abstract: The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. We can always learn new things that turn out to be valuable and useful even in exceptionally difficult times, and in addition, dental services can benefit from enabling positive attitudes and introducing constructive changes. Clinicians just need to keep in mind that adjustment to a new future reality appears inevitable for both patients and professionals who provide care. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8020046 doi: 10.3390/dj8020046 id: cord-349618-s85oi17h author: Dziedzic, Arkadiusz title: Challenges of Oral Medicine Specialistsat the time of COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-02 words: 2029.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349618-s85oi17h.txt summary: Deferred diagnosis of a malignant condition when suspected or even dysplasia in oral leucoplakia cases vastly implies the clinical outcome, influencing treatment and prognosis, subsequently (Meng et al, 2020) .Suspended routine care provision for patients with other, less severe conditions (hyposalivation, oral lichen planus, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis -RAS)could have a significant impact on the patients'' well-being and quality of life, if oral medicine cases are not managed consistently and timely. All rights reserved affect the salivary glands function , and the inhibitory role of saliva in prevention and protection from viral infections can be considerably diminished in case hyposalivation (Farshidfar and Hamedani, 2020) .As the negative impact of COVID-19 infection on oral health seems to be multidirectional (Dziedzic and Wojtyczka, 2020) , patients should be encouraged to maintain safely their access to health systems, particularly in case of urgency/emergency problems, and a clear concept for prioritizing procedures in OM with a careful triaging becomes pivotal, as proposed by The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSE) ( Table 1, RCSE 2020) . abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused major disruptions in medical and dental care across the world, affecting secondary care services that had to rapidly adapt to new circumstances. Postponed and delayed oral medicine (OM) care, deferring non-urgent follow-ups in case of patients because of COVID-19 crisis, and limited access to health care, may have lead serious consequences fororal and systemic health (Arduino et al, 2020; Jones et al, 2020). Deferred diagnosis of a malignant conditionwhen suspected or even dysplasia in oralleucoplakia cases vastly implies the clinical outcome, influencing treatment and prognosis, subsequently(Meng et al, 2020).Suspended routine care provision for patients with other, less severe conditions (hyposalivation, oral lichen planus,oral candidiasis, and recurrentaphthous stomatitis - RAS)could have a significant impact on the patients' well-being and quality of life, if oral medicine cases are not managed consistently and timely. Chronic autoimmune disorders with oral manifestations, such asmucous membrane pemphigoid orpemphigus vulgaris,can be exacerbated as a result of delayed OM follow-ups, dental care and self-management or even interruptionof long-term(pharmaco)therapy(Martins-Chaves et al, 2020; Kasperkiewicz et al, 2). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13520 doi: 10.1111/odi.13520 id: cord-256227-nl90gljl author: Dzobo, Mathias title: COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-30 words: 2381.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256227-nl90gljl.txt summary: Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. The government is now considering strategies to lift the lockdown given the current sporadic cases and the potential for a new cycle of Covid-19 outbreak if containment measures are not in place. Among the WHO criteria that countries need to consider before lifting lockdowns is the ability of health systems to quickly detect, test, isolate, and treat new cases, as well as to trace close contacts. Widespread Covid-19 testing will likely generate large amounts of epidemiological data that the government can use to assess risks and predict disease patterns in Zimbabwe. Before the lockdown is lifted, the government will need to come up with measures of preventing the spread and importation of Covid-19. Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): a case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) scourge has challenged the world’s health systems and presented multiple socio-economic and public health challenges to the states it has affected. Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. While it is critical to maintain such vigorous containment measures, socio-economic pressures in Zimbabwe will challenge the sustainability of the lockdown. Given the potential for lift of the lockdown before the Covid-19 pandemic ends, we discuss the Covid-19 pandemic situation in Zimbabwe and viewpoints on important considerations and strategies for lifting the lockdown. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528624/ doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.23059 id: cord-352720-z1cvjc2y author: Díaz-Corvillón, Pilar title: Routine screening for SARS CoV-2 in unselected pregnant women at delivery date: 2020-09-29 words: 4061.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352720-z1cvjc2y.txt summary: While initial evidence suggests that pregnant women were not at increased risk for COVID-19, neither developed a more severe disease compared to non-pregnant adults [3, 4] , recent reports suggest increased rates of preterm birth [5] , pneumonia and intensive care unit admission [6] , and maternal mortality [6, 7] . The main objective of this study was to assess point-prevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in unselected obstetrical population at the time of delivery and to describe the presentation and clinical evolution of confirmed cases. women were screened for COVID-19 clinical symptoms including fever, cough and shortness of breath by trained personnel, and RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2 (Allplex TM 2019-nCoV Assay [17] ) was performed by nasopharyngeal swab, unless a prior test with no more than 48 hours to admission was reported. abstract: BACKGROUND: South America has become the epicenter of coronavirus pandemic. It seems that asymptomatic population may contribute importantly to the spread of the disease. Transmission from asymptomatic pregnant patients’ needs to be characterized in larger population cohorts and symptom assessment needs to be standardized. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of SARS CoV-2 infection in an unselected obstetrical population and to describe their presentation and clinical evolution. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. Medical records of pregnant women admitted at the Obstetrics & Gynecology department of Clínica Dávila for labor & delivery, between April 27(th) and June 7(th), 2020 were reviewed. All patients were screened with RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2 at admission. After delivery, positive cases were inquired by the researchers for clinical symptoms presented before admission and clinical evolution. All neonates born from mothers with confirmed SARS CoV-2 were isolated and tested for SARS CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: A total of 586 patients were tested for SARS CoV-2 during the study period. Outcomes were obtained from 583 patients which were included in the study. Thirty-seven pregnant women had a positive test for SARS CoV-2 at admission. Cumulative prevalence of confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection was 6.35% (37/583) [CI 95%: 4.63–8.65]. From confirmed cases, 43.2% (16/37) were asymptomatic. From symptomatic patients 85.7% (18/21) had mild symptoms and evolved without complications and 14.3% (3/21) presented severe symptoms requiring admission to intensive care unit. Only 5.4% (2/37) of the neonates born to mothers with a positive test at admission had a positive RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2. CONCLUSION: In our study nearly half of pregnant patients with SARS CoV-2 were asymptomatic at the time of delivery. Universal screening, in endemic areas, is necessary for adequate patient isolation, prompt neonatal testing and targeted follow-up. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991621/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239887 id: cord-264614-2x7cdul3 author: Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés title: COVID-19: Biosafety in the Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-08-27 words: 3857.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264614-2x7cdul3.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). This article aims to show the different strategies to prevent the widespread of the disease to critical care healthcare workers based on the review of the recent literature and the author''s experience with the personal protective equipment (PPE) in the care of patients with COVID-19 and work on human factors in crisis management. Nonetheless, to date, there is no robust evidence that medical masks are inferior to N95/FFP2 respirators for protecting healthcare workers against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during patients care and non-AGPs [31] . While personal protective equipment is an essential part of safety to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, it must be employed appropriately, together with frequent hand hygiene, and mastering specific techniques and non-technical skills like awareness, closed-loop communication, leadership, team working, appropriate resource management, and cognitive aids [14, 34] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: COVID-19 is a new, highly transmissible disease to which healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Information related to protection mechanisms is heterogeneous, and the infected HCWs’ number is increasing. This review intends to summarize the current knowledge and practices to protect ICU personnel during the patient management process in the context of the current pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS: The transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 are mainly respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact. The virus can last for a few hours suspended in the air and be viable on surfaces for several days. Some procedures carried out in the ICU can generate aerosols. The shortage of respirators, such as the N95, has generated an increase in the demand for other protective equipment in critical care settings. SUMMARY: The probability of transmission depends on the characteristics of the pathogen, the availability of quality personal protective equipment, and the human factors associated with the performance of health workers. It is necessary to have knowledge of the virus and availability of the best possible personal protection equipment, develop skills for handling equipment, and develop non-technical skills during all intensive care process; this can be achieved through structured training. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00208-z id: cord-302517-7vmyxbe9 author: Díaz-Pérez, Carolina title: Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-17 words: 1559.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302517-7vmyxbe9.txt summary: title: Acutely altered mental status as the main clinical presentation of multiple strokes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 We present two critically ill patients with COVID-19 who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. CONCLUSION: Acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. Although the most common findings in stroke are focal neurological deficits, ischemic lesions in those patients might be due to multifocal and distal vessel occlusions which could more frequently manifest as an altered mental status [9] . In conclusion, acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients and should be specially considered in those with suspected COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cerebral infarction in COVID-19 patients might be associated with a hypercoagulable state related to a systemic inflammatory response. Its diagnosis might be challenging. We present two critically ill patients with COVID-19 who presented acutely altered mental status as the main manifestation of multiple strokes. METHODS: Clinical presentation and diagnostic work-up of the patients. RESULTS: Two patients in their sixties were hospitalized with a bilateral pneumonia COVID-19. They developed respiratory failure and were admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilation and intense medical treatment. They were started on low-molecular-weight heparin since admission. Their laboratory results showed lymphopenia and increased levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimer. Case 1 developed hypofibrinogenemia and presented several cutaneous lesions with biopsy features of thrombotic vasculopathy. Case 2 was performed a CT pulmonary angiogram at ICU showing a bilateral pulmonary embolism. When waking up, both patients were conscious but with a remarkable global altered mental status without focal neurological deficits. A brain MRI revealed multiple acute bilateral ischemic lesions with areas of hemorrhagic transformation in both patients (case 1: affecting the left frontal and temporal lobes and both occipital lobes; case 2: affecting both frontal and left occipital lobes). Cardioembolic source and acquired antiphospholipid syndrome were ruled out. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy was suspected as the possible main etiology of the strokes. CONCLUSION: Acutely altered mental status might be the main manifestation of multiple brain infarctions in critically ill COVID-19 patients. It should be specially considered in those with suspected COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Full-dose anticoagulation and clinical-radiological monitoring might reduce their neurological consequences. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04679-w doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04679-w id: cord-257312-z6rmd0sg author: Dörr, Rolf title: Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology date: 2020-04-16 words: 664.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257312-z6rmd0sg.txt summary: title: Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology If there is any suspicion of acute coronavirus infection, the planned cardiology visit should be postponed, and the patient should be immediately referred to an outpatient coronavirus center for SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing. Among 5179 patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, there was no evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. Consider a lung CT scan as firstline testing method in patients with acute dyspnea and elevated body temperature In patients with acute dyspnea of unknown origin and elevated body temperature, a lung CT scan may be considered for confirmation of COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic and cardiac imaging: EACVI recommendations on precautions, indications, prioritization, and protection for patients and healthcare personnel abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04922-2 doi: 10.1007/s00059-020-04922-2 id: cord-328113-eczjjc2v author: D’Alessandro, Angelo title: Serum Proteomics in COVID-19 Patients: Altered Coagulation and Complement Status as a Function of IL-6 Level date: 2020-07-30 words: 4662.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328113-eczjjc2v.txt summary: Subjects seen at Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York−Presbyterian Hospital included 33 COVID-19-positive patients, as determined by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing of nasopharyngeal swabs; in this group, the severity of the disease was inferred from serum levels of IL-6, which were determined by CLIAcertified ELISA-based measurements. Sera of COVID-19 patients, especially those with IL-6 levels >10 pg/mL, contained increased levels of multiple proteins in the acute phase response that is initiated by IL-6specifically components of the coagulation and complement cascades (top enriched pathway, p-value: 1.6 × 10 −31 ; Figure 2 ). Other RBC-derived proteins (i.e., band 3, anion exchanger 1 (AE1; the most abundant RBC membrane protein), peroxiredoxins 2 and 6, catalase, and Journal of Proteome Research pubs.acs.org/jpr Article biliverdin reductase B) correlated significantly with HBA and HBB levels, despite not reaching significance when compared to COVID-19-negative subjects, suggesting that minimal hemolysis was present in a subset of the most severely ill patients in our study ( Figure 4A ), perhaps due to mechanical ventilation or other iatrogenic interventions−including the sample collection protocol adopted in this study. abstract: [Image: see text] Over 5 million people around the world have tested positive for the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 as of May 29, 2020, a third of which are in the United States alone. These infections are associated with the development of a disease known as COVID-19, which is characterized by several symptoms, including persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, chills, muscle pain, headache, loss of taste or smell, and gastrointestinal distress. COVID-19 has been characterized by elevated mortality (over 100 thousand people have already died in the US alone), mostly due to thromboinflammatory complications that impair lung perfusion and systemic oxygenation in the most severe cases. While the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with the severity of the disease, little is known about the impact of IL-6 levels on the proteome of COVID-19 patients. The present study provides the first proteomics analysis of sera from COVID-19 patients, stratified by circulating levels of IL-6, and correlated to markers of inflammation and renal function. As a function of IL-6 levels, we identified significant dysregulation in serum levels of various coagulation factors, accompanied by increased levels of antifibrinolytic components, including several serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs). These were accompanied by up-regulation of the complement cascade and antimicrobial enzymes, especially in subjects with the highest levels of IL-6, which is consistent with an exacerbation of the acute phase response in these subjects. Although our results are observational, they highlight a clear increase in the levels of inhibitory components of the fibrinolytic cascade in severe COVID-19 disease, providing potential clues related to the etiology of coagulopathic complications in COVID-19 and paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions, such as the use of pro-fibrinolytic agents. Raw data for this study are available through ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020601. url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00365 doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00365 id: cord-305389-n5cppi72 author: D’Alonzo, Daniele title: COVID-19 and pneumonia: a role for the uPA/uPAR system date: 2020-06-18 words: 4841.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305389-n5cppi72.txt summary: Here, we highlight recent findings on the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) system that suggest its potential role as a main orchestrator of fatal progression to pulmonary, kidney, and heart failure in patients with coronavirus. Given its lack of a transmembrane domain, GPI-anchored uPAR has high mobility on the cell surface and can interact with later partners with the ability to communicate with the internal cell compartment to produce downstream intracellular signaling mediated by effector molecules, such as the focal adhesion kinase, Src, and Akt. uPAR binds vitronectin, and multiple cell receptors, such as different types of transmembrane receptor [the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), integrins, and VEGFR2 [23] ], establishing crosstalk between membrane-bound uPAR and its co-receptors. Serum plasminogen activator urokinase receptor predicts elevated risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis and is positively associated with disease severity, inflammation and mortality abstract: Here, we highlight recent findings on the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) system that suggest its potential role as a main orchestrator of fatal progression to pulmonary, kidney, and heart failure in patients with coronavirus. Patients with prolonged background inflammation can present with aberrant inflammatory reactions, well recognized as the main factors that can result in death and probably sustained by a dysregulated uPA/uPAR system. SuPAR, the soluble form of uPAR, represents a biomarker of disease progression, and its levels correlate well with comorbidities associated with the death of patients with coronavirus. New drugs that regulate the uPA/uPAR system could help treat the severe complications of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (hCoVs), including pandemic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562843/ doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.013 id: cord-340094-u3x4g8ul author: D’Alò, Gian Loreto title: Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-02 words: 669.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340094-u3x4g8ul.txt summary: title: Microbial contamination of the surface of mobile phones and implications for the containment of the Covid-19 pandemic We read with interest the review by Olsen & colleagues (2020) [1] underlining the possible role of mobile phones (MPs) as possible source of microbial infection. At the same time, the paper pointed out that, among the 56 identified investigations regarding the microbiological contamination of the surface of the MPs, only one study focused on the presence of viruses (specifically, the authors searched for viral RNA [1] ). In light of Covid-19 pandemic, such procedures could be implemented also in the community, as a preventive measure to reduce the spread of the virus as well as other pathogens. Covid-19 and mobile phone hygiene in healthcare settings Taking Screenshots of the Invisible: A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones from University Students of Healthcare Professions in abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477893920303665 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101870 id: cord-313503-wvgwf9n3 author: D’Amico, Randy S. title: Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 - The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. date: 2020-07-23 words: 1104.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313503-wvgwf9n3.txt summary: title: Neurosurgical/Head and Neck drape to Prevent Aerosolization of COVID-19 The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health solution. Although COVID-19 screening and testing guidelines have been proposed and adopted by many hospitals, these may not adequately protect the operating room personnel who are in proximity to the patient for prolonged periods. There are concerning reports of especially high transmission rates of COVID-19 in trans-mucosal head and neck procedures conducted by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, despite attempts at wearing what constitutes appropriate PPE. 3 Here we describe the simple intraoperative technique we utilize at Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health for all cranial, endonasal, spinal, and neuro-interventional cases to limit the intraoperative transmission COVID-19 to essential staff in the operating rooms and the endovascular suite who are at a substantially higher risk of exposure to the disease. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020316545 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.133 id: cord-265111-d44ireu5 author: D’Ardes, Damiano title: Duration of COVID-19: Data from an Italian Cohort and Potential Role for Steroids date: 2020-08-31 words: 3103.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265111-d44ireu5.txt summary: A longer duration of COVID-19 with delayed clinical healing (symptom-free) occurred in patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (p < 0.001), a more severe clinical presentation (p = 0.001) and a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.035). All adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 according to World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance: they had clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection through instrumental signs and a positive result on RT-PCR assays of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The specific inclusive criteria were as follows: (1) patients confirmed by positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal/throat swabs by RT-PCR with clinical data suggesting for COVID-19, (2) patients aged more than 18 years old and (3) patients with a known date of performing different RT-PCR assays. Disease severity and lower lymphocyte levels at admission also predict longer SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding. abstract: The diffusion of SARS-CoV-2, starting from China in December 2019, has led to a pandemic, reaching Italy in February 2020. Previous studies in Asia have shown that the median duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was approximately 12–20 days. We considered a cohort of patients recovered from COVID-19 showing that the median disease duration between onset and end of COVID-19 symptoms was 27.5 days (interquartile range (IQR): 17.0–33.2) and that the median duration between onset of symptoms and microbiological healing, defined by two consecutive negative nasopharyngeal swabs, was 38 days (IQR: 31.7–50.2). A longer duration of COVID-19 with delayed clinical healing (symptom-free) occurred in patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (p < 0.001), a more severe clinical presentation (p = 0.001) and a lower lymphocyte count (p = 0.035). Moreover, patients presenting at admission a lower PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio and more severe disease showed longer viral shedding (p = 0.031 and p = 0.032, respectively). In addition, patients treated with corticosteroids had delayed clinical healing (p = 0.013). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878286/ doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8091327 id: cord-311816-j8c2lk7y author: D’Elia, Emilia title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where are we and Where are we Going? Intersections Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Heart date: 2020-06-29 words: 1700.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311816-j8c2lk7y.txt summary: 11, 12 An important issue related to the CV impact of COVID-19 is the development of myocardial injury in infected patients, as reported in two Chinese studies by Shi et al. While it is true that in the acute phase of the pandemic many HF patients avoided the emergency room because they were afraid of being infected by COVID-19 in the hospital (with a consequent reduction of HF hospitalisations), it is also true that many complicated cases are now being observed. How much will cardiac injury or pulmonary embolism due to COVID-19 affect the natural history of patients with chronic HF following the acute phase of the infection? Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Association of cardiac injurt with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has become a pandemic affecting every country in the world. In the province of Bergamo, Italy, more than 2,200 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, which include more than 300 deaths. Most hospitalisations have been at the Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital. This has imposed a significant burden on our hospital in terms of healthcare personnel, dedicated spaces (including intensive care areas) and time spent by clinicians, who are committed to assisting COVID-19 patients. In this short expert opinion, the authors will focus on new insights related to COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system, and try to investigate the grey areas and uncertainties in this field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32670618/ doi: 10.15420/cfr.2020.11 id: cord-269009-0i2bvt77 author: D’Souza, Rohan title: A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 3295.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269009-0i2bvt77.txt summary: Should patients develop coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia requiring hospital admission for treatment of hypoxia, the risk for thromboembolic complications increases greatly. 2 As pregnancy is a prothrombotic state, the possibility of an increased risk of thrombosis in pregnant women with COVID-19 has become an area of concern, and a number of international organiPatients with severe COVID-19 may be at risk for pulmonary thromboembolic complications through at least two distinct mechanisms -immunothrombosis and hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE). 12 A recent study of patients with severe COVID-19 demonstrated a correlation between IL-6 and fibrinogen levels, 3 further supporting the theory that massive activation of the acute phase response, with increased production of coagulation factors, appears to be the predominant prothrombotic mechanism in COVID-19. A critical review of the pathophysiology of thrombotic complications and clinical practice recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant patients with COVID-19 abstract: Those who are infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐related CoronaVirus‐2 are theoretically at increased risk of venous thromboembolism during self‐isolation if they have reduced mobility or are dehydrated. Should patients develop coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia requiring hospital admission for treatment of hypoxia, the risk for thromboembolic complications increases greatly. These thromboembolic events are the result of at least two distinct mechanisms – microvascular thrombosis in the pulmonary system (immunothrombosis) and hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism. Since pregnancy is a prothrombotic state, there is concern regarding the potentially increased risk of thrombotic complications among pregnant women with COVID‐19. To date, however, pregnant women do not appear to have a substantially increased risk of thrombotic complications related to COVID‐19. Nevertheless, several organizations have vigilantly issued pregnancy‐specific guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in COVID‐19. Discrepancies between these guidelines reflect the altruistic wish to protect patients and lack of high‐quality evidence available to inform clinical practice. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is the drug of choice for thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women with COVID‐19. However, its utility in non‐pregnant patients is only established against venous thromboembolism, as LMWH may have little or no effect on immunothrombosis. Decisions about initiation and duration of prophylactic anticoagulation in the context of pregnancy and COVID‐19 must take into consideration disease severity, outpatient vs inpatient status, temporal relation between disease occurrence and timing of childbirth, and the underlying prothrombotic risk conferred by additional comorbidities. There is currently no evidence to recommend the use of intermediate or therapeutic doses of LMWH in thromboprophylaxis, which may increase bleeding risk without reducing thrombotic risk in pregnant patients with COVID‐19. Likewise, there is no evidence to comment on the role of low‐dose aspirin in thromboprophylaxis or of anti‐cytokine and antiviral agents in preventing immunothrombosis. These unanswered questions are being studied within the context of clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13962 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13962 id: cord-346560-jir00627 author: ELGhamrawy, S. M. title: Diagnosis and Prediction Model for COVID19 Patients Response to Treatment based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Whale Optimization Algorithm Using CT Images date: 2020-04-21 words: 6334.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346560-jir00627.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346560-jir00627.txt summary: To accurately detect the signs of COVID-19 in CT images, a Feature Selection phased bases on Whale Optimization Algorithm (FSWOA) is proposed for selecting the most relevant patient''s features. For this reason, in the diagnosing and classification phase of AIMDP, further evaluation from lab tests (RT-PCR and CBC) are used to exclude other causes and accurately diagnosis COVID-19, and doesn''t only depend on CT images for diagnosing Finally, AIMDP has a prediction phase that gives a probability of patient ability to respond to the COVID-19 treatment based on different inputs given for the patient like his age, infection stage, respiratory failure, multi-organ failure and the treatment regimens. In the proposed model, different AI techniques are used based on their functionality on six main phases, as shown in figure 2 , namely, the pre-processing, segmentation, feature selection, classification, Prediction and diagnosis recommendation phase. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) has rabidly spread all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that coronavirus COVID19 is an international pandemic. The Real-Time Reverse transcription polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) has a low positive and sensitivity rate in the early stage of COVID19. As a result, the Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is used for diagnosing. COVID19 has different key signs on a CT scan differ from other viral pneumonia. These signs include ground glass opacities, consolidations, and crazy paving. In this paper, an Artificial Intelligence-inspired Model for COVID19 Diagnosis and Prediction for Patient Response to Treatment (AIMDP) is proposed. AIMDP model has two main functions reflected in two proposed modules, namely, the Diagnosis Module (DM) and Prediction Module (PM). The Diagnosis Module (DM) is proposed for early and accurately detecting the patients with COVID 19 and distinguish it from other viral pneumonias using COVID19 signs obtained from CT scans. The DM model, uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as a Deep learning technique for segmentation, can process hundreds of CT images in seconds to speed up diagnosis of COVID19 and contribute in its containment. In addition, some countries have no ability to provide all patients with the treatment and intensive care services, so it will be mandatory to give treatment to only responding patients. In this context, the Prediction Module (PM) is proposed for predicting the ability of the patient to respond to treatment based on different factors e.g. age, infection stage, respiratory failure, multi-organ failure and the treatment regimens. PM implement the Whale Optimization Algorithm for selecting the most relevant patients features. The experimental results show promising performance for the proposed diagnosing and prediction modules, using a dataset with hundreds of real data and CT images. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.16.20063990v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20063990 id: cord-338654-ma9ayu80 author: Eaton, Lisa A. title: Social and behavioral health responses to COVID-19: lessons learned from four decades of an HIV pandemic date: 2020-04-25 words: 3425.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338654-ma9ayu80.txt summary: The current state of COVID-19 disease transmission has left our public health approaches to be heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The model has multiple foci, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. Interventions to address stigma have been developed that target individuals, health care workers, communities, and social figures, which will likely find new purpose in COVID-19 (Andersson et al., 2020; Rao et al., 2019; Stangl et al., 2013) . abstract: Our public health approaches to addressing COVID-19 are heavily dependent on social and behavioral change strategies to halt transmissions. To date, biomedical forms of curative and preventative treatments for COVID-19 are at best limited. Four decades into the HIV epidemic we have learned a considerable amount of information regarding social and behavioral approaches to addressing disease transmission. Here we outline broad, scoping lessons learned from the HIV literature tailored to the nature of what we currently know about COVID-19. We focus on multiple levels of intervention including intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, and social factors, each of which provide a reference point for understanding and elaborating on social/behavioral lessons learned from HIV prevention and treatment research. The investments in HIV prevention and treatment research far outweigh any infectious disease in the history of public health, that is, until now with the emergence of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y doi: 10.1007/s10865-020-00157-y id: cord-347778-b2ufs25y author: Ebigbo, Alanna title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa date: 2020-08-07 words: 2117.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt summary: Methods A web-based survey was conducted by the International Working Group of the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the World Endoscopy Organization to determine the impact and effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on endoscopists in African countries. As with all other fields of medical practice, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially with regards to triage and prioritization of patients and procedures, cleaning and disinfection of equipment as well as protection of health care workers (HCW) [11, 12] . To acquire information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in SSA including changes in endoscopic activity, availability of PPE, use of pre-endoscopic screening measures, and capacity of endoscopy units in general, a web-based survey with 29 questions (Appendix 1) was distributed to 86 gastroenterology and endoscopy centres across northern and central Africa and SSA. abstract: Background and study aims As with all other fields of medical practice, gastrointestinal endoscopy has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data on the impact of the pandemic in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Methods A web-based survey was conducted by the International Working Group of the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the World Endoscopy Organization to determine the impact and effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on endoscopists in African countries. Results Thirty-one gastroenterologists from 14 countries in north, central, and sub-Saharan Africa responded to the survey. The majority of respondents reduced their endoscopy volume considerably. Personal protective equipment including FFP-2 masks were available in almost all participating centers. Pre-endoscopy screening was performed as well. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on gastrointestinal endoscopy in most African countries; however, the impact may not have been as devastating as expected. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1210-4274 doi: 10.1055/a-1210-4274 id: cord-322385-sc2vxxnn author: Ebinger, J. title: SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Across a Diverse Cohort of Healthcare Workers date: 2020-08-04 words: 3672.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322385-sc2vxxnn.txt summary: Main Outcomes: Using Bayesian and multi-variate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody titers, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential Covid-19 illness related exposures; and, symptoms consistent with Covid-19 infection. Recognizing the range of factors that might influence antibody status in a given individual, we focused our study on not only estimating seroprevalence but also on identifying factors associated with seropositivity and relative antibody levels within the following three categories: (1) pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; (2) potential Covid-19 illness related exposures; and, (3) Covid-19 illness related response variables (i.e. different types of self-reported symptoms). In adjusted analyses, we compared differences between serology status (i.e. antibody positive versus negative) in each variable of interest, grouped into one of three categories: (1) preexisting demographic and clinical characteristics (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, race, and selfreported medical comorbidities); (2) Covid-19 related exposures (e.g. self-reported medical diagnosis of Covid-19 illness, household member with Covid-19 illness, number of people living in the home including children, type of home dwelling, etc); and, (3) Covid-19 related response variables (e.g. self-reported fever, chills, dry cough, anosmia, nausea, myalgias, etc.). abstract: Importance: Antibody testing is important for understanding patterns of exposure and potential immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Prior data on seroprevalence have been subject to variations in selection of individuals and nature as well as timing of testing in relation to exposures. Objective: We sought to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalance and the factors associated with seroprevelance across a diverse cohort of healthcare workers. Design: Observational cohort study of healthcare workers, including SARS-CoV-2 serology testing and participant questionaires. Participants: A diverse and unselected population of adults (n=6,062) employed in a multi-site healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County, including individuals with direct patient contact and others with non-patient-oriented work functions. Exposure: Exposure and infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as determined by seropositivity. Main Outcomes: Using Bayesian and multi-variate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody titers, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential Covid-19 illness related exposures; and, symptoms consistent with Covid-19 infection. Results: We observed a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%, with anosmia as the most prominently associated self-reported symptom in addition to fever, dry cough, anorexia, and myalgias. After adjusting for potential confounders, pre-existing medical conditions were not associated with antibody positivity. However, seroprevalence was associated with younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, and African-American race, as well as presence of either a personal or household member having a prior diagnosis of Covid-19. Importantly, African American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with antibody positivity even after adjusting for personal Covid-19 diagnosis status, suggesting the contribution of unmeasured structural or societally factors. Notably, number of people, or children, in the home was not associated with antibody positivity. Conclusion and Relevance: The demographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our healthcare workers underscore the importance of exposure sources beyond the workplace. The size and diversity of our study population, combined with robust survey and modeling techniques, provide a vibrant picture of the demographic factors, exposures, and symptoms that can identify individuals with susceptibility as well as potential to mount an immune response to Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.31.20163055 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.31.20163055 id: cord-319706-2e9jrv0s author: Ebinger, Joseph E. title: Pre-existing traits associated with Covid-19 illness severity date: 2020-07-23 words: 4904.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319706-2e9jrv0s.txt summary: For all patients considered to have Covid-19, based on direct or documented laboratory test result and suggestive signs and/or symptoms, we obtained information from the electronic health record (EHR) and verified data for the following demographic and clinical characteristics: age at the time of diagnosis; sex; race; ethnicity; smoking status defined as current versus prior, never, or unknown; comorbidities, including obesity, as clinically assessed and documented by a provider with ICD-10 coding; and, chronic use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medications. For the primary outcome of illness severity, categorized by escalating levels of care (i.e., hospitalization, intensive care, intubation), the pre-existing characteristics that demonstrated statistical significance in age-and sex-adjusted models included older age, male sex, African American race, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and the Elixhauser comorbidity score ( Table 2 ; Fig 3) . abstract: IMPORTANCE: Certain individuals, when infected by SARS-CoV-2, tend to develop the more severe forms of Covid-19 illness for reasons that remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with increased severity of Covid-19 infection. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. We curated data from the electronic health record, and used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of pre-existing traits with a Covid-19 illness severity defined by level of required care: need for hospital admission, need for intensive care, and need for intubation. SETTING: A large, multihospital healthcare system in Southern California. PARTICIPANTS: All patients with confirmed Covid-19 infection (N = 442). RESULTS: Of all patients studied, 48% required hospitalization, 17% required intensive care, and 12% required intubation. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, patients requiring a higher levels of care were more likely to be older (OR 1.5 per 10 years, P<0.001), male (OR 2.0, P = 0.001), African American (OR 2.1, P = 0.011), obese (OR 2.0, P = 0.021), with diabetes mellitus (OR 1.8, P = 0.037), and with a higher comorbidity index (OR 1.8 per SD, P<0.001). Several clinical associations were more pronounced in younger compared to older patients (P(interaction)<0.05). Of all hospitalized patients, males required higher levels of care (OR 2.5, P = 0.003) irrespective of age, race, or morbidity profile. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In our healthcare system, greater Covid-19 illness severity is seen in patients who are older, male, African American, obese, with diabetes, and with greater overall comorbidity burden. Certain comorbidities paradoxically augment risk to a greater extent in younger patients. In hospitalized patients, male sex is the main determinant of needing more intensive care. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236240 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236240 id: cord-289522-7u3d6nfc author: Ebrahimi, Mina title: COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population date: 2020-10-17 words: 2460.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289522-7u3d6nfc.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Laboratory Findings, Comorbidities, and Clinical Outcomes Comparing Medical Staff versus the General Population This review compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) laboratory findings, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients from the general population versus medical staff to aid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more timely, efficient, and accurate way. Two reviewers separately extracted the data from included studies, considering key characteristics including author, publication year, country, type of study, sample size, laboratory findings, comorbidities, and final clinical outcomes. Further analysis revealed the frequency of clinical manifestations in infected medical staff were similar to patients in the general public (Table 3) . The findings of this COVID-19 meta-analysis review revealed that the normal or abnormal outcome of a patient''s laboratory results may shed light on the stage of the disease and its progression. Laboratory findings, signs and symptoms, clinical outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 Infection: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: This review compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) laboratory findings, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients from the general population versus medical staff to aid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more timely, efficient, and accurate way. Electronic databases were searched up to 23(rd) March, 2020. The initial search yielded 6,527 studies. Following screening, 24 studies were included [18 studies (11,564 cases) of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the general public, and 6 studies (394 cases) in medical staff] in this review. Significant differences were observed in white blood cell counts (p < 0.001), lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001), platelet counts (p = 0.04), procalcitonin levels (p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.001), and creatinine levels (p = 0.03) when comparing infected medical staff with the general public. The mortality rate was higher in the general population than in medical staff (8% versus 2%). This review showed that during the early stages of COVID-19, laboratory findings alone may not be significant predictors of infection and may just accompany increasing C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In the symptomatic stage, the lymphocyte and platelet counts tended to decrease. Elevated D-dimer fibrin degradation product was associated with poor prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.02 doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.02 id: cord-339121-w16e8lw1 author: Ebuenyi, Ikenna D title: COVID-19 as social disability: the opportunity of social empathy for empowerment date: 2020-08-23 words: 1704.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339121-w16e8lw1.txt summary: 4 6 The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual experience of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and in doing so foster greater social responsibility and opportunities for change and a more inclusive society. Summary box ► COVID-19 has conferred new experiential knowledge on society and a rare opportunity to better understand the social model of disability and to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. ► The COVID-19 experience may offer contextual knowledge of the prepandemic lives of persons with disabilities and foster greater social awareness, responsibility and opportunities for change towards a more inclusive society. ► We have learnt from COVID-19 that inclusive healthcare and universal access should be the new normal, that its provision as a social good is both unifying and empowering for society as a whole. We have a rare opportunity to understand and better the lives of persons with disabilities for whom some aspects of the COVID-19 experience are enduring. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003039 id: cord-312849-vgzvpwz9 author: Eckbo, Eric J. title: Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples date: 2020-11-10 words: 1421.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312849-vgzvpwz9.txt summary: title: Evaluation of the BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 for Rapid Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples The BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) are rapid, fully automated assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. We evaluated the performance characteristics of these tests in comparison to a laboratory-developed real-time PCR assay targeting the viral RdRP and E genes. This report describes the results of an independent evaluation of the performance characteristics of the BioFire COVID-19 Test and the RP2.1 for detection of SARS-CoV-2. The BioFire COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 are easy-to-use, highly sensitive, and rapid assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. This evaluation demonstrates that the assays perform comparably to our laboratory developed real-time PCR assay, with 100% agreement in testing results for clinical specimens and acceptable performance at their stated limits of detection. abstract: The BioFire® COVID-19 Test and Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) are rapid, fully automated assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. In the case of the RP2.1, an additional 21 viral and bacterial pathogens can be detected. Both tests have received emergency use authorization from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration and Interim Order authorization from Health Canada for use in clinical laboratories. We evaluated the performance characteristics of these tests in comparison to a laboratory-developed real-time PCR assay targeting the viral RdRP and E genes. A total of 78 tests were performed using the BioFire COVID-19 Test, including 30 clinical specimens and 48 tests in a limit of detection (LoD) study; 57 tests were performed using the RP2.1 for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 detection, including 30 clinical specimens and 27 tests for LoD. Results showed 100% concordance between the BioFire assays and the laboratory-developed test for all clinical samples tested, and acceptable performance of both BioFire assays at their stated limits of detection. Conclusively, the BioFire COVID-19 Test and RP2.1 are highly sensitive assays that can be effectively used in the clinical laboratory for rapid SARS-CoV-2 testing. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0732889320306374 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115260 id: cord-298295-epxd03pt author: Eckermann, M. title: 3d Virtual Patho-Histology of Lung Tissue from Covid-19 Patients based on Phase Contrast X-ray Tomography date: 2020-06-23 words: 6497.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298295-epxd03pt.txt summary: We present a new approach of three-dimensional (3d) virtual histology and patho-histology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal-architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we can propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a novel tool to unravel the patho-physiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for a full quantification of tissue remodeling.By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a cross section of 4mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. The 3d virtual pathohistology approach for Covid-19 presented here was realized by implementing a novel multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography concept, with dedicated xray optics and instrumentation to image the tissue structure on multiple length scales, while at the same time covering large reconstruction volumes. abstract: We present a new approach of three-dimensional (3d) virtual histology and patho-histology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal-architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we can propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a novel tool to unravel the patho-physiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for a full quantification of tissue remodeling.By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a cross section of 4mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. Using the zoom capability of the cone beam geometry, regions-of-interest are reconstructed with a minimum voxel size of 160nm. We exemplify the capability of this approach by 3d visualisation of the diffuse alveolar damage with its prominent hyaline membrane formation, by mapping the 3d distribution and density of lymphocytes infiltrating the tissue, and by providing histograms of characteristic distances from tissue interior to the closest air compartment. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.21.20134882v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.21.20134882 id: cord-286560-lhbp4nn0 author: Eckermann, Marina title: 3D virtual pathohistology of lung tissue from Covid-19 patients based on phase contrast X-ray tomography date: 2020-08-20 words: 7505.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286560-lhbp4nn0.txt summary: We present a three-dimensional (3D) approach for virtual histology and histopathology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a tool to unravel the pathophysiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for full quantification of tissue remodeling. Overview and regions-of-interest (ROI) scans were recorded on the same paraffinembedded sample, covering a maximum tissue cross section of 8 mm by stitching different tomograms, and with a minimum voxel size of 167 nm in certain ROIs. Scale-bridging and dynamic ROI selection in close spatial and temporal proximity was implemented with dedicated instrumentation the GINIX endstation of the beamline P10/PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) (Salditt et al., 2015) . abstract: We present a three-dimensional (3D) approach for virtual histology and histopathology based on multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography, and use this to investigate the parenchymal architecture of unstained lung tissue from patients who succumbed to Covid-19. Based on this first proof-of-concept study, we propose multi-scale phase contrast x-ray tomography as a tool to unravel the pathophysiology of Covid-19, extending conventional histology by a third dimension and allowing for full quantification of tissue remodeling. By combining parallel and cone beam geometry, autopsy samples with a maximum cross section of 8 mm are scanned and reconstructed at a resolution and image quality, which allows for the segmentation of individual cells. Using the zoom capability of the cone beam geometry, regions-of-interest are reconstructed with a minimum voxel size of 167 nm. We exemplify the capability of this approach by 3D visualization of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with its prominent hyaline membrane formation, by mapping the 3D distribution and density of lymphocytes infiltrating the tissue, and by providing histograms of characteristic distances from tissue interior to the closest air compartment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32815517/ doi: 10.7554/elife.60408 id: cord-322256-mv9ll0h4 author: Edelman, E. Jennifer title: Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response date: 2020-05-12 words: 1747.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322256-mv9ll0h4.txt summary: We reflect on how this relates to (1) testing, including contact tracing; (2) health system redesign; (3) telehealth; (4) health disparities; (5) political denial, with inadequate and uncoordinated governmental response; (6) occupational exposure; and (7) complex reactions among healthcare providers. Experiences with HIV and partner services has taught us the critical role of public health collaboration to promote contact tracing to ensure that individuals who have been exposed to an infectious disease receive appropriate counseling, testing, and treatment [2] . The differences in routes of transmission render COVID-19 many fold more dangerous than HIV in the health care setting and mandates the need for ensuring adequate PPE for healthcare workers and others providing care for individuals exposed by aerosols and contact with patients with COVID-19 and cannot be overstated. abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019 illness (COVID-19) has completely transformed and uprooted lives across the globe. While different diseases, there are critical observations and lessons to be learned from the ongoing HIV epidemic to inform our response to COVID-19. We reflect on how this relates to (1) testing, including contact tracing; (2) health system redesign; (3) telehealth; (4) health disparities; (5) political denial, with inadequate and uncoordinated governmental response; (6) occupational exposure; and (7) complex reactions among healthcare providers. Decades of experiences with HIV provide an important framework for moving forward as we combat COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399798/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02908-z id: cord-288647-qul4sz7w author: Edigin, Ehizogie title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States date: 2020-06-04 words: 1099.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288647-qul4sz7w.txt summary: title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical postgraduate training in the United States However, the impact of COVID-19 on medical postgraduate training of residents and fellows in the US has not been adequately discussed in the literature. The non-COVID patient volume on the inpatient services of some hospitals has also markedly reduced. This markedly reduced patient volume in the inpatient service has limited trainee education. If these travel and visa restrictions cause a delay in new trainees from commencing work on time, there may be a potential shortage of medical personnel available to care for patients on 1 July 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the recruitment process for postgraduate training positions. Every year thousands of medical students and doctors travel from all over the world to interview for first-year residency positions across different teaching hospitals in the US. Medical student education in the time of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1774318 doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1774318 id: cord-323631-r31sfq90 author: Edul, Vanina Siham Kanoore title: Microcirculation alterations in severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 words: 786.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323631-r31sfq90.txt summary: PURPOSE: To assess the presence of sublingual microcirculatory and skin perfusion alterations in COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to previously reported normal values, total and perfused vascular density (21.9 ± 3.9 and 21.0 ± 3.5 mm/mm(2)) and heterogeneity flow index (0.91 ± 0.24) were high; and the proportion of perfused vessels (0.96 ± 0.03), microvascular flow index (2.79 ± 0.10), and red blood cell velocity (1124 ± 161 μm/s) were reduced. Sublingual microcirculation was characterized by decreases in the proportion of perfused vessel and flow velocity along with high vascular densities. Microvascular thrombosis has recently been diagnosed in patients with COVID-19, and it has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in this disease [1] . Recently, sublingual microcirculatory abnormalities were shown in 12 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [5] . Thus, our goal was to assess the characteristics of sublingual microcirculation and skin perfusion in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the presence of sublingual microcirculatory and skin perfusion alterations in COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a preliminary report of a prospective observational study performed in four teaching intensive care units. We studied 27 mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed by hand-held videomicroscopy. A software-assisted analysis of videos was performed. We also measured capillary refill time. RESULTS: Patients were hemodynamically stable with normal lactate (1.8 [1.6–2.5] mmol/L) and high D-dimer (1.30 [0.58–2.93] μg/mL). Capillary refill time was prolonged (3.5 [3.0–5.0] s). Compared to previously reported normal values, total and perfused vascular density (21.9 ± 3.9 and 21.0 ± 3.5 mm/mm(2)) and heterogeneity flow index (0.91 ± 0.24) were high; and the proportion of perfused vessels (0.96 ± 0.03), microvascular flow index (2.79 ± 0.10), and red blood cell velocity (1124 ± 161 μm/s) were reduced. The proportion of perfused vessels was inversely correlated with total vascular density (Pearson r = −0.41, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients showed an altered tissue perfusion. Sublingual microcirculation was characterized by decreases in the proportion of perfused vessel and flow velocity along with high vascular densities. This last finding might be related to enhanced angiogenesis or hypoxia-induced capillary recruitment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.002 id: cord-327394-mwbmi88i author: Edwards, Jodi-Ann title: Lessons Learned at a COVID-19 designated hospital date: 2020-08-04 words: 911.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327394-mwbmi88i.txt summary: The Department of Surgery implemented drastic changes to address the hospital''s needs while remaining committed to the education of surgical residents. They ensured resident safety, continued surgical education, participation and contribution to the care of COVID-19 patients. (2) A Surgical Emergency Advanced Line Service (SEALS) team, composed of residents and a supervising attending, was assigned to assist with procedural solutions for all inpatients, including placement of arterial, central venous, dialysis, and midline catheters. (3) The remaining surgical residents were redeployed to the medical floors, emergency department and ICUs. Throughout redeployment, residents adhered to the ACGME Big Four governance under the Stage 3 Pandemic Emergency status: duty hour regulations, having faculty supervision, and adequate resources including PPE. Our procedure service (SEALS) allowed primary teams to focus on medical care without the burden of procedures and surgical residents to practice their skills and manage critically ill patients with COVID-19. abstract: During early 2020, New York City became an epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019. The University Hospital of Brooklyn, which is the primary teaching hospital for the State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, became the only COVID-19 designated hospital in Brooklyn. The Department of Surgery implemented drastic changes to address the hospital's needs while remaining committed to the education of surgical residents. They ensured resident safety, continued surgical education, participation and contribution to the care of COVID-19 patients. We were able to accomplish these goals using an access and procedure team and program-wide use of video-conferencing platforms. Here, we have shared our experiences and solutions to the challenges that our department faced during this pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002961020304839?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.029 id: cord-311872-09jzyyin author: Effenberger, Maria title: Systemic inflammation as fuel for acute liver injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-10 words: 2972.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311872-09jzyyin.txt summary: AIMS: We explored a link between systemic IL-6, related acute phase proteins and liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In December 2019, a series of patients with pneumonia caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province in China [1] . Previous studies found that ACE2 expression is related to the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV infection, and mediates the production of cytokines in ARDS [11, 12] . In line with a critical impact of systemic inflammation and specifically IL-6 on liver injury, we noted a direct correlation between acute phase proteins and IL-6 in the serum of COVID-19 patients with elevated AST. Based on previous reports and our study, with the limitation of the Cross-sectional design, we propose that the systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection to COVID-19 patients serves as a fuel of hepatic injury. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: A cytokine storm conceivably contributes to manifestations of corona virus disease (COVID-19). Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause acute liver injury while serum detectability indicates systemic inflammation. AIMS: We explored a link between systemic IL-6, related acute phase proteins and liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: 655 patients with suspected COVID-19 were screened in the emergency department at the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria, between February and April 2020. 96 patients (∼15%) were hospitalized with COVID-19. 15 patients required intensive-care treatment (ICT). Plasma aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and gamma glutamyl transferase, as well as IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined by standard clinical assays. RESULTS: Of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 41 (42%) showed elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. COVID-19 patients with elevated AST exhibited significantly higher IL-6 (p< 0.001), ferritin (p< 0.001), LDH (p< 0.001) and CRP (p < 0.05) serum concentrations compared to patients with normal AST. Liver injury correlated with systemic IL-6 (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), ferritin (p < 0.001) and LDH (p < 0.001) concentration. In COVID-19 patients requiring ICT, correlations were more pronounced. CONCLUSION: Systemic inflammation could be a fuel for hepatic injury in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1590865820303972 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.004 id: cord-346758-pi1hf6xg author: Egerup, P. title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at delivery in women, partners and newborns date: 2020-09-15 words: 3802.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346758-pi1hf6xg.txt summary: Two smaller case reports from China documented SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newborns with COVID-19 positive mothers indicating possible vertical transmission. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and impact of SARS-CoV-2 in parturient women, their partners and newborns. We here report the results of a prospective cohort study with unselected serological testing in 1,313 parturient women, 1,189 partners and 1,206 newborns to identify if SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with obstetric and neonatal complications. The serum from the blood samples from women, partners and newborns were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and IgG). There was no significant difference between pre-pregnancy characteristics in relation to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, except blood type and that women with antibodies reported more COVID-19-like symptoms (p=0.025). In this prospective cohort study with serological testing of parturient women, partners and newborns we found no association between COVID-19 and obstetric-or neonatal complications. abstract: Background: Only few studies have focused on serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women and no previous study has investigated the frequency in partners. The aim was to investigate the frequency and impact of SARS-CoV-2 in parturient women, their partners and newborns. Methods: From April 4th to July 3rd, 2020, all parturient women, their partners and newborns were invited to participate in the study. Participating women and partners had a pharyngeal swab and a blood sample taken at admission and immediately after delivery a blood sample was drawn from the umbilical cord. The swabs were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR and the blood samples were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Full medical history, obstetric- and neonatal information were available. Results: A total of 1,361 parturient women, 1,236 partners and 1,342 newborns participated in the study. No associations between previous COVID-19 disease and obstetric- or neonatal complications were found. The adjusted serological prevalence was 2.9% in women and 3.8% in partners. The frequency of blood type A was significantly higher in women with antibodies compared to women without antibodies. 17 newborns had SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, and none had IgM antibodies. Full serological data from 1,052 families showed an absolute risk of infection of 0.37 if the partner had antibodies. Only 55% of individuals with antibodies reported symptoms. Conclusion: This large prospective cohort study reports no association between COVID-19 and obstetric- or neonatal complications. The family pattern showed a substantial increase in absolute risk for women living with a partner with antibodies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.14.20191106 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20191106 id: cord-342555-5r9aa7u5 author: Eghtesadi, Marzieh title: Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID‐19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long‐Term Care Facilities date: 2020-04-24 words: 1607.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342555-5r9aa7u5.txt summary: For older patients isolated in LTC facilities, providing them with these technology-dependent amenities and social contacts could potentially decrease their sense of loneliness and increase their self-perceived health, similarly to the benefits seen with physically going outdoors. Whether it be in the context of social isolation to control a local gastroenteritis outbreak to a large-scale pandemic, giving older adults in LTC facilities the opportunity to access technology would enable them to maintain social contact and communication. [1] [2] [3] As providers in the time of COVID-19, if we ignore symptoms of a mild respiratory infection and continue to work (historically considered a point of pride in much of medical culture), we now risk becoming superspreaders of a deadly disease, putting not only our most vulnerable patients but also scores of our colleagues (and all their patients) in serious danger. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277470/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16478 id: cord-315685-ute3dxwu author: Ehaideb, Salleh N. title: Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review date: 2020-10-06 words: 5542.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315685-ute3dxwu.txt summary: The systematic search identified 101 studies and 326 preprints, of which 400 articles were excluded because they were reviews, non-original articles, unrelated to the COVID-19 infection, or experimental animals that do not support SARS-CoV-2 replication such as pigs, ducks, and chickens ( Fig. 1 and Additional file 2). The aims were to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (n = 15), testing drugs and vaccines (n = 14), the host Table 1 Search strategy and selection criteria We searched the MEDLINE, as well as BioRxiv and MedRxiv preprint servers for original research describing or using an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID published in English from January 1, 2020, to May 20, 2020. We used the search terms (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND, (animal models), (hamsters), (nonhuman primates), (macaques), (rodent), (mice), (rats), (ferrets), (rabbits), (cats), and (dogs). We used the search terms (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND, (animal models), (hamsters), (nonhuman primates), (macaques), (rodent), (mice), (rats), (ferrets), (rabbits), (cats), and (dogs). abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models of COVID-19 have been rapidly reported after the start of the pandemic. We aimed to assess whether the newly created models reproduce the full spectrum of human COVID-19. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, as well as BioRxiv and MedRxiv preprint servers for original research published in English from January 1 to May 20, 2020. We used the search terms (COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND (animal models), (hamsters), (nonhuman primates), (macaques), (rodent), (mice), (rats), (ferrets), (rabbits), (cats), and (dogs). Inclusion criteria were the establishment of animal models of COVID-19 as an endpoint. Other inclusion criteria were assessment of prophylaxis, therapies, or vaccines, using animal models of COVID-19. RESULT: Thirteen peer-reviewed studies and 14 preprints met the inclusion criteria. The animals used were nonhuman primates (n = 13), mice (n = 7), ferrets (n = 4), hamsters (n = 4), and cats (n = 1). All animals supported high viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract associated with mild clinical manifestations, lung pathology, and full recovery. Older animals displayed relatively more severe illness than the younger ones. No animal models developed hypoxemic respiratory failure, multiple organ dysfunction, culminating in death. All species elicited a specific IgG antibodies response to the spike proteins, which were protective against a second exposure. Transient systemic inflammation was observed occasionally in nonhuman primates, hamsters, and mice. Notably, none of the animals unveiled a cytokine storm or coagulopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the animal models of COVID-19 recapitulated mild pattern of human COVID-19 with full recovery phenotype. No severe illness associated with mortality was observed, suggesting a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023604/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03304-8 id: cord-275447-nx45kwn6 author: Ehrenpreis, Eli D. title: Rapid Review: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents and Aminosalicylates in COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-10 words: 2326.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275447-nx45kwn6.txt summary: Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19. T here has been recent controversy regarding the risk that ibuprofen (and possibly other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) may worsen the clinical course of patients that are infected with COVID-19. It is therefore the purpose of this brief review to inform practitioners treating patients with 5-ASAs about the potential relationships between 5-ASAs and NSAIDs. At the time of this writing, both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have not recommended the avoidance of ibuprofen in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infections. abstract: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern regarding the use of ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents by COVID-19 infected patients. Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are structurally similar and have anti-inflammatory functions that resemble those of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Since 5-ASAs are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, the authors review the pharmacology of both classes of drugs and discuss the potential relevance of 5-ASAs in the ongoing discussion of medication use in patients infected with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530870/ doi: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001371 id: cord-320092-0qnvydux author: Ehsani, Sepehr title: COVID-19 and iron dysregulation: distant sequence similarity between hepcidin and the novel coronavirus spike glycoprotein date: 2020-10-16 words: 7536.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320092-0qnvydux.txt summary: An implication of this preliminary observation is to suggest a potential route of investigation in the coronavirus research field making use of an already-established literature on the interplay of local and systemic iron regulation, cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes, respiratory infections and the hepcidin protein. c The position of the disulfide bonds in the sequence of the mature human hepcidin is illustrated along with the potential palmitoylation residues (ten cysteines) of the cytoplasmic tail of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. If the sequence similarity reported here is actually playing a significant role at the cellular level, could it be that, although the cellular localizations appear to be different based on current knowledge, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cytoplasmic tail can partly mimic the structure of hepcidin and interact with ferroportin? In addition, a notyet-fully-established link of relevance here is the observations of a Kawasaki-disease-like systemic vasculitis syndrome in children infected with the novel Fig. 3 Summary of salient facets of coronavirus spike protein and human hepcidin biology. abstract: The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, has attracted attention for its vaccine potential and binding capacity to host cell surface receptors. Much of this research focus has centered on the ectodomain of the spike protein. The ectodomain is anchored to a transmembrane region, followed by a cytoplasmic tail. Here we report a distant sequence similarity between the cysteine-rich cytoplasmic tail of the coronavirus spike protein and the hepcidin protein that is found in humans and other vertebrates. Hepcidin is thought to be the key regulator of iron metabolism in humans through its inhibition of the iron-exporting protein ferroportin. An implication of this preliminary observation is to suggest a potential route of investigation in the coronavirus research field making use of an already-established literature on the interplay of local and systemic iron regulation, cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes, respiratory infections and the hepcidin protein. The question of possible homology and an evolutionary connection between the viral spike protein and hepcidin is not assessed in this report, but some scenarios for its study are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2 doi: 10.1186/s13062-020-00275-2 id: cord-344705-co0nk7pt author: Eichler, Hans‐Georg title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 words: 2988.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt summary: We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision-relevant clinical trials. Now is the time to ensure that the window of opportunity will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct clinical trials that deliver. abstract: The scientific community has risen to the Covid‐19 challenge, coming up with an impressive list of candidate drugs and vaccines targeting an array of pharmacological and immunological mechanisms. Yet, generating clinical evidence of efficacy and safety of these candidate treatments may be frustrated by the absence of comprehensive trial coordination mechanisms. Many small stand‐alone trials and observational studies of single‐agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient‐level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407539/ doi: 10.1002/cpt.1891 id: cord-280210-6xivdgvt author: Eichner, E. Randy title: Writing on Sports Medicine in Pandemic Times date: 2020-07-08 words: 1661.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280210-6xivdgvt.txt summary: So I try to keep up with epidemiology, even though at this writing, in May 2020, more than 10,000 scientific or medical articles have already appeared on this novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that causes the disease COVID-19. So, against all odds, I will start with thoughts on infections and epidemics, on our primal fear of contagion, and on quarantine or "social distancing." Then, I will address four questions I have received that are relevant to athletes. Now is the time to read John Barry''s "The Great Influenza," on the deadliest plague in history, the influenza pandemic from early 1918 to early 1920 that killed up to 100 million people worldwide. Early in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome panic, a Boston neurosurgeon called for Massachusetts to quarantine "irresponsible" carriers of human immunodeficiency virus on Penikese Island. Question 3: If athletes test positive for the antibody, are they immune to this Coronavirus? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000731 doi: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000731 id: cord-276181-5gh0i394 author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. date: 2020-07-30 words: 1547.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276181-5gh0i394.txt summary: Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4, 5) . In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. In summary, our findings indicate that treatment with tocilizumab of critically ill patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 may reduce time on mechanical ventilation and overall length of stay in ICU and in hospital. abstract: Background: Hyperinflammation is a key feature of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 with a central role of the interleukin-6 pathway. We aimed to study the impact of the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and moderate to severe ARDS were included (n tocilizumab = 29, n controls = 58). A matched cohort was created using a propensity score. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality, secondary endpoints included ventilation-free days and length of stay. Results: No difference was found in 30-day all-cause mortality in patients treated with tocilizumab compared to controls (17.2% vs. 32.8%, p = 0.2; HR = 0.52 [0.19 - 1.39], p = 0.19). Ventilator-free days were 19.0 (IQR 12.5 - 20.0) versus 9 (IQR 0.0 - 18.5; p = 0.04), respectively. A higher rate of freedom from mechanical ventilation at 30 days was achieved in patients receiving tocilizumab (HR 2.83 [1.48 - 5.40], p < 0.002). Median length of stay in ICU and total length of stay were reduced by 8 and 9.5 days in patients treated with tocilizumab. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of the propensity score matched cohort. Conclusions: Treatment of critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 with tocilizumab was not associated with reduced 30-day all-cause mortality, but shorter duration on ventilatory support as well as shorter overall length of stay in hospital and in ICU. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.20164160v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164160 id: cord-344198-jaagi88b author: Eimer, J. title: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID‐19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-18 words: 1517.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344198-jaagi88b.txt summary: Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Dear Editor, Amongst patients with COVID-19 who require treatment in intensive care for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rates have been reported between 16 and 78% [1] . Patients over 18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were eligible when admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe ARDS and were followed for 30 days from admission to ICU until discharge from hospital or until death, whichever occurred first. In this retrospective cohort study, the administration of tocilizumab did not reduce all-cause mortality but was associated with a shorter time on mechanical ventilation and a shorter length of stay in hospital and in ICU in critically ill patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. abstract: among patients with COVID-19 who require treatment in intensive care for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rates have been reported between 16 - 78% (1). In patients who are discharged alive, an increased risk of sequelae from COVID-19 is anticipated (2). The hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and is accompanied by an upregulated expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) that correlates with disease severity (3). Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor originally licensed for the use in rheumatoid arthritis, is also approved for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-related cytokine release syndromes and secondary hemophagocytic syndromes that share important features with the hyperinflammatory phase in COVID-19. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4,5). We aimed to evaluate the impact of treatment with tocilizumab compared to routine care on important clinical outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit with ARDS due to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32744399/ doi: 10.1111/joim.13162 id: cord-318167-b25g6zkp author: Einollahi, Behzad title: A patient affected by critical COVID-19 pneumonia, successfully treated with convalescent plasma date: 2020-11-05 words: 1571.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318167-b25g6zkp.txt summary: A number of studies reported that CP therapy is also one of the few promising medications for the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients, useful to decrease the viral load, improve the patients clinical outcome, reducing their mortality rate, increasing the probability of extubation and containing the length of hospital stay [9, 10, 11, 12, 13] . In conclusion, emergency therapy with probably CP contributed to heal our critically ill COVID-19 patient, thanks to the antibodies from CP seemingly suppressing the viraemia, which in most viral diseases peaks during the first 7 days since infection [16] . Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma abstract: We present a critically ill patient affected by COVID-19, whose chest computed tomography (CT) scan featured lung consolidations and severe patchy ground-glass opacitie. On day 3 since hospital admission the patient was placed on convalescent plasma treatment. A combined treatment with supportive care, hemoperfusion and convalescent plasma successfully managed to save the patient’s life. Convalescent plasma probably contributed to heal this patient and should always be considered in the management of critically ill COVID-19 cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1473050220303189 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102995 id: cord-291366-d5d9l0xr author: Eirale, Cristiano title: Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers’ training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application date: 2020-04-10 words: 3183.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291366-d5d9l0xr.txt summary: In this period, there is an important reduction, or even a Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers'' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application AUTHORS: Cristiano Eirale 1 , Giannicola Bisciotti 1,2 , Alessandro Corsini 3 , Christophe Baudot 1 , Gerard Saillant 1 , Hakim Chalabi 1,2 1 Paris Saint Germain FC, France 2 Aspetar Sports and Orthopedics Hospital-Doha, Qatar 3 Internazionale Milano FC, Italy ABSTRACT: In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Therefore, considering both the high and dramatic specificity of the current pandemic period and the absence of evidence concerning sport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic [26] , the training rules mentioned below are mainly based on the principle of "maximal caution" [27] . For these reasons, we do not recommend any kind of training in case of fever following a COVID infection and, due to the lack of evidence, the principle of maximal prudence should be followed upon return to sport. abstract: In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Many professional footballers around the world are home confined. The maintenance of physical capacity is a fundamental requirement for the athlete, so the training sessions must be adapted to this unique situation. Specific recommendations must be followed concerning the type of training, its intensity, the precautions that have to be followed to avoid the possibility of contagion, and the restrictions in accordance with the presence of any symptoms. This article analyses the available scientific evidence in order to recommend a practical approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508388/ doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.94348 id: cord-316422-wmkv5hd3 author: Eisenberg, Matthew D. title: Financial Risk for COVID-19-like Respiratory Hospitalizations in Consumer-Directed Health Plans date: 2020-06-15 words: 1705.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316422-wmkv5hd3.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: : This study aims to quantify out-of-pocket spending associated with respiratory hospitalizations for conditions similar to those caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to compare out-of-pocket spending differences among those enrolled in consumer-directed health plans and in traditional, low-deductible plans. It compared unadjusted out-of-pocket spending among consumer-directed health plan enrollees to traditional plan enrollees using difference of mean significance tests and repeated the analysis separately by age category and by calendar year quarter. 2 Many individuals aged <65 years are enrolled in consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs), 3 and an analysis of early COVID-19 hospitalizations found that 55% occurred among this age group. 5 Given the high cost of respiratory-related hospitalizations, 7, 8 COVID-19 may come with a significant financial burden among enrollees in CDHPs relative to those in traditional, low-deductible health plans. Average out-of-pocket (OOP) spending comparing consumer-directed health plan (CDHP) and traditional plan enrollees with a respiratory-related hospitalization, by age group and quarter of year. abstract: INTRODUCTION: : This study aims to quantify out-of-pocket spending associated with respiratory hospitalizations for conditions similar to those caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to compare out-of-pocket spending differences among those enrolled in consumer-directed health plans and in traditional, low-deductible plans. METHODS: : This study used de-identified administrative claims from the OptumLabs® Data Warehouse (January 1, 2016–August 31, 2019) to identify patients with a respiratory hospitalization. It compared unadjusted out-of-pocket spending among consumer-directed health plan enrollees to traditional plan enrollees using difference of mean significance tests and repeated the analysis separately by age category and by calendar year quarter. These data were collected on a rolling basis by OptumLabs and were analyzed in March 2020. RESULTS: : Commercially insured consumer-directed health plan enrollees had significantly higher out-of-pocket spending than traditional plan enrollees and these differences were largest among younger populations. The largest difference in out-of-pocket spending occurred during the first half of the year. CONCLUSIONS: : Consumer-directed health plan enrollees may experience differential financial burden from a hospitalization related to COVID-19. Although some insurers are waiving cost-sharing payments for COVID-19 treatment, self-insured employers remain exempt. Policy responses to date may be insufficient to reduce the financial burden on consumer-directed health plans enrollees with respiratory hospitalizations related to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32703700/ doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.008 id: cord-327214-kcbxyhhh author: Eketunde, Adenike O title: A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 2725.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327214-kcbxyhhh.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus originated in Wuhan, China, and has spread rapidly across the world. According to Merad and Martin''s study, the hyper inflammation in severe COVID-19 patients shared similarities with cytokine release syndromes, including macrophages activation syndrome. Minimally invasive autopsies of three COVID-19 patients in Chongqing, China revealed damage to the alveolar structure with minor serous and fibrin exudation and hyaline membrane formation [8] . The hypercoagulable state has been linked to a poor prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19, which leads to a microthrombi formation in the lungs, lower limbs, hands, brain, heart, liver, and kidneys, as a result of the activation of the coagulation pathway. There is a strong association with the hyperinflammatory state, which can be explained by most of the signs and symptoms that are exhibited by COVID-19 patients, including most of the pathological findings. Fatal eosinophilic myocarditis in a healthy 17-year-old male with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2c) abstract: Multiple public health problems have been caused by various coronavirus strains over the last few years, such as the middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19. COVID-19, which is also known as coronavirus disease 2019, was first detected in Wuhan, China, and has significantly impacted people's health and lives. Additionally, it has led to a pandemic, and the virus has spread to over 121 countries worldwide. There is numerous information available regarding this virus. A detailed and extensive study of the morphological and histopathological findings will help understand and diagnose the disease. As it is a new disease, it is challenging to understand the mechanism of the action and disease pathology due to the limited availability of data from autopsies or biopsies. However, as the detailed mechanism of injury remains unclear, this paper aims to review the postmortem gross and histopathological findings of various organs that have been affected with coronavirus, focusing on the pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic findings. This paper emphasizes the postmortem findings of the effect of the coronavirus disease on multiple organ systems. Advance search of the keywords on PubMed was used, limiting the search to the last five years. The eligible article is narrowed based on relevance containing postmortem findings of the novel virus; COVID-19. A total of 25 full-text articles were selected and used in the review of this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864262/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9438 id: cord-258965-g47n531n author: Ekpenyong, Bernadine title: Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study date: 2020-07-16 words: 4732.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258965-g47n531n.txt summary: The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of COVID-19 exposure risk among ECPs as well as understand their confidence in current Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners, their family members and practices, including questions on their confidence in the current FMoH guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, their knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations, and training in its usage during consultation were assessed. abstract: The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145141 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145141 id: cord-032073-8eguv697 author: El Fakiri, K. title: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Moroccan Children date: 2020-07-12 words: 1517.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032073-8eguv697.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a Moroccan pediatric population. Patients were classified as follows: Asymptomatic infection (children without manifestations of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 testing positive to SARS-COV-2); Acute upper respiratory tract infection (children with fever, cough, pharyngeal pain, nasal congestion, fatigue, headache, myalgia or discomfort, and without signs of pneumonia by chest imaging or sepsis); Mild pneumonia (when children have a fever, respiratory symptoms such as cough, and chest imaging indicating pneumonia, but not reaching the criteria of severe pneumonia); Severe pneumonia (when any of the following criteria are present: (i) increased respiratory rate: ≥60 breaths/min (<2 years), ≥40 breaths/min (between 2 and 5 years), ≥30 breaths/min (≥5 years); (ii) oxygen saturation <94%; (iii) hypoxia; (iv) disturbance of consciousness; and, (v) food refusal or feeding difficulty, with signs of dehydration); Treatment was prescribed according to the Moroccan Ministry of Health recommendations [5] . abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a Moroccan pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective study of a cohort of 74 children with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19. We collected information on clinical and laboratory features of all children (age <18 years) admitted between 2 March, 2020 and 1 April, 2020. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 74 children (40 girls) was 7 (1.5) years. The mean (SD) time from illness onset to diagnosis was 2 (1) days. 54 children were asymptomatic, while eight had fever, and five cases had cough. Recovery was after a mean (SD) of 12 (1) days. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 was mostly mild in the pediatric population in Morocco. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498552/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1958-8 id: cord-337020-7dhx8f4x author: El Haj, Mohamad title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer''s disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis date: 2020-07-13 words: 3178.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337020-7dhx8f4x.txt summary: title: High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer''s disease living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis We studied the mental health of participants with Alzheimer''s disease (AD) residing in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis. On-site colleagues were asked to verify, in the medical records, that a diagnosis of probable dementia AD was made by a neurologist or geriatrician according to clinical criteria developed by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer''s Association criteria for probable Alzheimer''s disease (McKhann et al., 2011) and that the participants had been assessed with the Mini Mental State Exam (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975) within three months before the study to provide an recent assessment of their cognitive status. We thus evaluated self-reported indicators of depression and anxiety to assess the mental health of participants with AD who have been living in retirement homes during the Covid-19 crisis. abstract: To cope with Covid-19 and limits its spread among residents, retirement homes have prohibited physical contact between residents and families and friend and, in some cases, even between residents or between residents and caregivers. We investigated the effects of measures against Covid-19 on the mental health of participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who live in retirement homes in France. We instructed on-site caregivers to assess depression and anxiety in participants with mild AD who live in retirement homes. Fifty-eight participants consented to participate in the study. The participants rated their depression and anxiety during and before the Covid-19 crisis. Participants reported higher depression (p = .005) and anxiety (p = .004) during than before the Covid-19 crisis. These increases can be attributed to the isolation of the residents and/or to the drastic changes in their daily life and care they receive. While, in their effort to prevent infections, retirement homes are forced to physically separate residents from the outside world and to drastically reduce residents’ activities, these decisions are likely to come at a cost to residents with AD and their mental health. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016517812031252X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113294 id: cord-260702-1ljyk8uw author: El Hamichi, Sophia title: Pandemics, climate change, and the eye date: 2020-09-30 words: 2587.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260702-1ljyk8uw.txt summary: Global climate change is primarily a sequel of human''s impact on the planet. To address climate change, the United Nations (UN) established the Paris Agreement, setting a target, limiting average warming to 2°C, urging the world to urgently reduce emissions. Similarly, the United States Energy Information Administration has reported Fig. 1 Graphic depicting the cycle between climate change and zoonoses a predicted 11.5% reduction in emissions during 2020, as a ramification of the pandemic [13] . Benefit: reduction of air pollutants through medical planning The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) had provided recommendations and guidelines for ophthalmologists around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although greenhouse emissions may drop after the COVID-19 pandemic, their effect on air temperatures would take 40 years to centuries to perceive changes considering how long the gases persist in the air. Impact of climate change on air and waterborne disease abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04947-7 doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04947-7 id: cord-352781-aqh9zxgh author: El Homsi, Maria title: Review of Chest CT Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-07 words: 3801.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352781-aqh9zxgh.txt summary: Here, we review the pertinent clinical findings and the current published data describing chest CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia, the diagnostic performance of CT for diagnosis, including differential diagnosis, as well the evolving role of imaging in this disease. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR), and the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) issued their position statements recommending against the use of CT for widespread screening and diagnosis of COVID-19, instead reserving CT for those cases with clinical suspicion for complications like abscess or empyema [76] [77] [78] . Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Single-Center Study in Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases abstract: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a viral pandemic that started in China and has rapidly expanded worldwide. Typical clinical manifestations include fever, cough and dyspnea after an incubation period of 2-14 days. The diagnosis is based on RT-PCR test through a nasopharyngeal swab. Because of the pulmonary tropism of the virus, pneumonia is often encountered in symptomatic patients. Here, we review the pertinent clinical findings and the current published data describing chest CT findings in COVID-19 pneumonia, the diagnostic performance of CT for diagnosis, including differential diagnosis, as well the evolving role of imaging in this disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352047720300289 doi: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100239 id: cord-318755-fip8wj6y author: El Kassas, Mohamed title: Liver transplantation in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 4268.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318755-fip8wj6y.txt summary: Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. Although healthcare facilities are overwhelmed with management of COVID-19 patients & health resources are being rapidly consumed, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), recommended against postponing transplantation. Patients with advanced liver disease and those after LTX represent vulnerable patient cohorts with an increased risk of infection and/or a severe course of COVID-19 Because of the immunosuppressed state they have [59] . Available data on coronavirus before and during outbreaks suggest that immunosuppressed patients are not at increased risk of severe pulmonary disease compared to the general population; however, immunosuppression may prolong viral shedding in post-transplant patients with COVID-19 if they are already infected [36, 60] . abstract: Liver transplantation is considered the ultimate solution for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. Patients with liver transplant need special care starting from preoperative preparation, surgical intervention ending with postoperative care. Transplanted patients have to receive immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. Such a state of immune suppression could predispose to different types of infections in liver transplant recipients. Currently, the world is suffering a pandemic caused by a new strain of the coronavirus family called COVID-19. Certain infection control precautions are needed to protect immunocompromised and vulnerable patients, including liver transplant candidates and recipients from acquiring COVID-19 infection. Restricting non-transplant elective surgical procedures, managing transplant patients in separate outpatient clinics, and in-patient wards can prevent transmission of infection both to patients and healthcare workers. Telemedicine can help in the triage of patients to screen for symptoms of COVID-19 before their regular appointment. Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. In this report, we are trying to summarize available evidence about different aspects of the management of liver transplant candidates and recipients in the era of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.019 doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.019 id: cord-301405-7ijaxk4v author: El Mouden, Zakariyaa Ait title: Towards Using Graph Analytics for Tracking Covid-19 date: 2020-12-31 words: 3763.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301405-7ijaxk4v.txt summary: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a graph-based approach of communities detection in the novel coronavirus Covid-19 countries'' datasets. Recent works combined between spectral methods and deep learning models, such as the case of [24] where the authors presented their deep clustering approach to cluster data using both neural networks and graph analytics. Our proposed approach consists of a SC based communities detection where the objective is to have an unsupervised grouping of countries having similar behaviors of Covid-19 spreading. In this paper, we proposed a graph-based approach for clustering Covid-19 data using spectral clustering. Ongoing work intends to link the different processes of the model, developed with two different programming languages (Java and R) to build a model able to cluster heterogeneous data based on graph analytics and spectral clustering for communities'' detection. An application of spectral clustering approach to detect communities in data modeled by graphs abstract: Graph analytics are now considered the state-of-the-art in many applications of communities detection. The combination between the graph’s definition in mathematics and the graphs in computer science as an abstract data structure is the key behind the success of graph-based approaches in machine learning. Based on graphs, several approaches have been developed such as shortest path first (SPF) algorithms, subgraphs extraction, social media analytics, transportation networks, bioinformatic algorithms, etc. While SPF algorithms are widely used in optimization problems, Spectral clustering (SC) algorithms have overcome the limits of the most state-of-art approaches in communities detection. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a graph-based approach of communities detection in the novel coronavirus Covid-19 countries’ datasets. The motivation behind this work is to overcome the limitations of multiclass classification, as SC is an unsupervised clustering algorithm, there is no need to predefine the output clusters as a preprocessing step. Our proposed approach is based on a previous contribution on an automatic estimation of the k number of the output clusters. Based on dynamic statistical data for more than 200 countries, each cluster is supposed to group countries having similar behaviors of Covid-19 propagation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050920322961 doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.029 id: cord-314942-eym2rh8v author: El Tabaa, Manar Mohammed title: New putative insights into neprilysin (NEP)-dependent pharmacotherapeutic role of roflumilast in treating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 7634.0 sentences: 473.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314942-eym2rh8v.txt summary: Being a highly selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4i), roflumilast acts by enhancing the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), that probably potentiates its anti-inflammatory action via increasing neprilysin (NEP) activity. Because activating NEP was previously reported to mitigate several airway inflammatory ailments; this review thoroughly discusses the proposed NEP-based therapeutic properties of roflumilast, which may be of great importance in curing COVID-19. Additionally, breaking ET-1 by NEP will prolong the anti-inflammatory effect of 716 roflumilast via maintaining the high cAMP level which is underscored to play an 717 important role in improving the immune system of highly risk COVID-19 groups 718 (Graf et al., 1995; Raker et al., 2016) . Degrading ET-1 can also inhibit pulmonary fibrosis via blocking the ET-1-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and at the same time, maintain the high level of cAMP which may contribute for long-term anti-inflammatory effect of roflumilast. abstract: Nowadays, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents the most serious inflammatory respiratory disease worldwide. Despite many proposed therapies, no effective medication has yet been approved. Neutrophils appear to be the key mediator for COVID-19-associated inflammatory immunopathologic, thromboembolic and fibrotic complications. Thus, for any therapeutic agent to be effective, it should greatly block the neutrophilic component of COVID-19. One of the effective therapeutic approaches investigated to reduce neutrophil-associated inflammatory lung diseases with few adverse effects was roflumilast. Being a highly selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4i), roflumilast acts by enhancing the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), that probably potentiates its anti-inflammatory action via increasing neprilysin (NEP) activity. Because activating NEP was previously reported to mitigate several airway inflammatory ailments; this review thoroughly discusses the proposed NEP-based therapeutic properties of roflumilast, which may be of great importance in curing COVID-19. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm this strategy and to evaluate its in vivo preventive and therapeutic efficacy against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33011243/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173615 id: cord-295527-d5laummv author: El-Baba, Firas title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt date: 2020-09-14 words: 1823.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295527-d5laummv.txt summary: title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus . A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the COVID-19. ► A VP shunt may predispose individuals to prolonged viral shedding of the novel coronavirus. Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2 abstract: A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Per the facility, the patient had a fever and non-productive cough. On admission, the patient was afebrile and lacked subjective symptoms. A RNA reverse transcriptase PCR (RNA RT-PCR) test for COVID-19 was positive. A chest X-ray contained a small patchy opacity in the right middle lobe and another in the retrocardiac region concerning for pneumonia. Inflammatory markers were mildly elevated. He remained COVID-19 positive and asymptomatic for 36 days. This case details one asymptomatic carrier’s course with persistently positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabs. It demonstrates that a VP shunt could be a possible predisposition for prolonged viral shedding. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237720 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237720 id: cord-299911-v95pf3eg author: El-Ghiaty, Mahmoud A. title: Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: current findings and possible mechanisms date: 2020-06-26 words: 5319.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299911-v95pf3eg.txt summary: Based on the conclusions drawn from the currently rapidly evolving knowledge about COVID-19, our hypothesis is built on the potential modulation of CYPs activity by the inflammatory environment provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the pathologic involvement of the liver which harbors the majority of the drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Systemic inflammation and immune response represent a substantial element in many acute and chronic diseases which is strongly implicated in altering drug pharmacokinetics through, mainly, modulating the expression and activity of DMEs. As a main contributor to the metabolic biotransformation of most drugs, CYPs are widely involved in such disease-drug interactions [19] . For decades, IL-6 has been recognized as the major inflammatory element that provokes a significant repressive effect on the expression and activity of different CYPs. Human recombinant interleukin 6 (rhIL-6) has shown concentration-dependent blocking of phenobarbital-mediated induction of CYP2B1/2 mRNA and activity in rat hepatocytes [48] . abstract: At the end of 2019, the entire world has witnessed the birth of a new member of coronavirus family in Wuhan, China. Ever since, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swiftly invaded every corner on the planet. By the end of April 2020, almost 3.5 million cases have been reported worldwide, with a death toll of about 250000 deaths. It is currently well-recognized that patient’s immune response plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This inflammatory element was evidenced by its elevated mediators that, in severe cases, reach their peak in a cytokine storm. Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. We hypothesize that COVID-19 patients are potentially vulnerable to a significant disease-drug interaction, and therefore, suitable dosing guidelines with therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to assure optimal clinical outcomes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720311750?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110033 id: cord-258767-f6wrgn6z author: El-Khatib, Ziad title: The Association between Out-of-Pocket Expenditure and COVID-19 Mortality Globally date: 2020-09-17 words: 768.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258767-f6wrgn6z.txt summary: We matched different datasets, through three steps: (i) matching the mortality by country with Growth Domestic Product (GDP); (ii) combining data of the Gini index of net income inequality within countries [11] ; and (iii) linking the data for each country health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in international dollars at purchasing power parity. The median N COVID-19 cases Interquartile range (IQR) per income category was 109 (52; 482), 768 (136; 4794) (p < 0.01) and 3754 (843; 15,834) (p < 0.01) in the respective order from low-to high-middleincome. In the linear regression analysis, adjusted for the Gini index and GDP income category, we found a positive association between out-of-pocket expenditure and mortality (r = 4.6, p = 0.04) (Figure 1 ). The median out-of-pocket expenditure was 37.7 (15.1; 50.6), 206.6 (99.9; 327.5) and 692.1 (470.3; 860.7) in low-, middleand high-income countries. All authors contributed to the outline, content and critical revision of the commentary. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954706/ doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.200725.001 id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 words: 3270.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. Not only infection of infants, children, and adolescents is a concern for their families and pediatricians, but there are also other serious challenges that should be properly identified and managed as well. MAIN BODY: We have to identify and assess the different factors that have either direct or indirect effects on child health and healthcare due to COVID-19 pandemic and focus on the serious effects. It is easily realized that there are many challenging problems associated with COVID-19 with short-term effects that already appeared and need urgent solutions and long-term effects that are not yet well apparent and have to be searched for and properly addressed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 crisis has lots of impacts on child health and child healthcare, not only from the medical aspect but also from the social, psychological, economic, and educational facets. All these adverse implications have to be identified and dealt with on individual bases approach in the short and long term. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400748/ doi: 10.1186/s43054-020-00039-7 id: cord-278984-0zof6s4d author: El-Tallawy, Salah N. title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 6475.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278984-0zof6s4d.txt summary: Understanding both the general problems facing chronic pain patients as well as specific problems in the COVID-19 era including deconditioning, increased mental health concerns, financial burdens, and potential for medication-induced immune-suppression is vital in the appropriate management of patients. Understanding both the general problems facing chronic pain patients as well as specific problems in the COVID-19 era including deconditioning, increased mental health concerns, financial burdens, and potential for medication-induced immune-suppression is vital in the appropriate management of patients. Recent recommendations for the safe use of non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and interventional pain management procedures are vital to know and understand specifically during the pandemic era. Immunosuppression as a result of medication, whether chronic opioid therapy or the use of oral or injectable steroids (e.g., in interventional pain procedures), is especially concerning during a time of global pandemic. Telemedicine has become an effective way of providing necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: Chronic pain management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenging process, especially with growing evidence that COVID-19 infection is associated with myalgias, referred pain, and widespread hyperalgesia. In light of the limited data available for COVID-19-related impact on chronic pain patients, this review explores the changes in the healthcare delivery system due to social distancing and safety precautions to provide the appropriate management of chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding both the general problems facing chronic pain patients as well as specific problems in the COVID-19 era including deconditioning, increased mental health concerns, financial burdens, and potential for medication-induced immune-suppression is vital in the appropriate management of patients. Telemedicine, the practice of caring for patients remotely when the provider and patient are not physically present with each other, is becoming increasingly used and recognized as a valuable tool to both health care providers and patients. This paper concentrates on the proper utilization of the available resources to help patients with the most severe conditions as well as the most vulnerable group. COVID-19 may be associated with a profound effect on both the health care system and patients with chronic pain. As a result, delaying, or stopping, treatment for chronic pain patients will have negative consequences, and strong pain evaluations must be administered to triage patients appropriately. Recent recommendations for the safe use of non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and interventional pain management procedures are vital to know and understand specifically during the pandemic era. Further researches are needed to identify the advance planning and rapid responses to reduce the impact of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840756/ doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00190-4 id: cord-296950-9dldbs6o author: El-Zein, Rayan S title: COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin date: 2020-09-06 words: 1832.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296950-9dldbs6o.txt summary: Neurologic manifestations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported such as anosmia, ageusia, ataxia, seizures, haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR was negative; however, a high index of suspicion remained due to the temporal relationship of his current symptoms and the recent COVID-19 pneumonia. Our report describes a case of encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 which showed clinical improvement with IVIg therapy. Moriguchi et al 5 described what appears to be the first case of COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis presenting with convulsions and confirmed with a positive SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR; their patient had abnormal MRI findings of the medial temporal lobe and was treated with favipiravir. Paniz-Mondolfi et al 6 reported a case of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in a 74 years old with Parkinson''s who succumbed to his illness on day 11; however, SARS-CoV-2 was found in the brain capillary endothelium and neuronal cell bodies on postmortem examination. abstract: A 40-year-old man presented with altered mental status after a recenthospitalisation for COVID-19 pneumonia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytosis concerning for viral infection. The CSF PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative, yet this could not exclude COVID-19 meningoencephalitis. During hospitalisation, the patient’s mentation deteriorated further requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Brain imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) were unremarkable. He was, thus, treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for 5 days with clinical improvement back to baseline. This case illustrates the importance of considering COVID-19’s impact on the central nervous system (CNS). Haematogenous, retrograde axonal transport, and the effects of cytokine storm are the main implicated mechanisms of CNS entry of SARS-CoV-2. While guidelines remain unclear, IVIg may be of potential benefit in the treatment of COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237364 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237364 id: cord-286365-fy0a8mb4 author: ElHawary, Hassan title: Bibliometric Analysis of Early COVID-19 Research: The Top 50 Cited Papers date: 2020-10-13 words: 2619.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286365-fy0a8mb4.txt summary: CONCLUSION: By highlighting the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles, the authors hope to disseminate information that could assist researchers to identify the important topics, study characteristics, and gaps in the literature. To that end, the goal of this study was to present a bibliometric analysis to identify and dissect the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles published early on following the outbreak. 62 The majority of the highly cited research assessed COVID-19''s clinical presentation and disease description while only 7 papers discussed potential treatment. While this limitation is present with any bibliometric analysis, the main goal of this study was to highlight the characteristics of the highly cited research articles early during the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamic nature of citation count should not diminish the value of the information presented here. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving with the number of cases exponentially rising. The research scientific community has reacted promptly as evidenced by an outstanding number of COVID-19 related publications. As the number of scientific publications rapidly rises, there is a need to dissect the factors that lead to highly impactful publications. To that end, the present paper summarizes the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related publications that emerged early during the pandemic. METHODS: A systematic search of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed, using keywords related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-19. Two independent authors reviewed all the search results, screening for the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles. Inclusion criteria comprised any publication on COVID-19 or the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Data extracted included the type of study, journal, number of citations, number of authors, country of publication, and study content. RESULTS: As of May 29th, the top 50 cited articles were cited 63849 times during the last 4 months. On average, 14 authors contributed to each publication. Over half of the identified articles were published in only 3 journals. Furthermore, 42% and 26% of the identified articles were retrospective case series and correspondence/viewpoints, respectively, while only 1 article was a randomized controlled trial. In terms of content, almost half (48%) of the identified publications reported clinical/radiological findings while only 7 out of the 50 articles investigated potential treatments. CONCLUSION: By highlighting the characteristics of the top 50 cited COVID-19-related articles, the authors hope to disseminate information that could assist researchers to identify the important topics, study characteristics, and gaps in the literature. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178633720962935 doi: 10.1177/1178633720962935 id: cord-288732-k763ejqb author: ElMajjaoui, Sanaa title: COVID-19, Brachytherapy, and Gynecologic Cancers: a Moroccan Experience date: 2020-07-15 words: 1736.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288732-k763ejqb.txt summary: More recently, the American Brachytherapy Society published some clarifications in this regard and international expert consensus recommendations of radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic were published (https://www.americanbrachytherapy.org/about-abs/abs-news/abs-statement-on-coronavirus/, Gynecol Oncol 15, 2020). In the majority of cases, the treatment is based on EBRT (exclusive in early stages and with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced stages), followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) which constitutes a cornerstone in its management [4] . For patients over 70 years of age or with significant comorbidities (chronic respiratory or cardiac pathology, immunosuppression, etc.) who have small tumors or responding well to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), a more shortened schedule of 9 Gy per fraction in 2 fractions at 1 week apart may be considered. Efficacy and toxicity of concomitant cisplatin with external beam pelvic radiotherapy and two high-dose-rate brachytherapy insertions for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer abstract: The treatment of gynecological cancers is the main activity of brachytherapy units. However, during COVID-19 pandemic, precautions should be done in order to reduce the spread of the virus while maintaining all chances to recovery for all patients (Radiother Oncol 148, 227-228, 2020). Despite the extent of the pandemic in our country, limited data are available to establish recommendations with a sufficient level of evidence (Radiother Oncol 148, 227-228, 2020). More recently, the American Brachytherapy Society published some clarifications in this regard and international expert consensus recommendations of radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic were published (https://www.americanbrachytherapy.org/about-abs/abs-news/abs-statement-on-coronavirus/, Gynecol Oncol 15, 2020). In this commentary, we sought to share the procedures adopted for the management of gynecological cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic in our brachytherapy unit. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838167/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00402-0 id: cord-305283-1bg1ykui author: ElSeirafi, Mohamed MA. title: Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection in Bahrain: A report of 5 cases date: 2020-06-23 words: 1906.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305283-1bg1ykui.txt summary: We had experience in treating five critically ill patients with severe lung injury who were COVID-19 positive with tocilizumab. We had experience in treating five critically ill patients with severe lung injury who were COVID-19 positive with tocilizumab. The patient improved significantly on the third day following tocilizumab injection and rt-PCR test for COVID-19 was negative on the fourth day. Nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 was positive and the patient was initiated on oral hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily along with ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, aizthromycin, ribavirin, pegylated interferon (received single dose) and plasma therapy (two doses). Patient improved the following day with a negative COVID-19 test results twice on alternate days and the patient was discharge from ICU. We observed in the present study that COVID-19 patients with severe lung injury responded dramatically following the introduction of tocilizumab. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in abstract: Tocilizumab has been recognized as one of the few existing biologic useful for combating COVID-19 infections especially in critically ill patient. We had experience in treating five critically ill patients with severe lung injury who were COVID-19 positive with tocilizumab. In the present case series, we have attempted to summarize their clinical profile, changes in laboratory biomarkers and outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101139 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101139 id: cord-340650-mwsa326c author: Elangovan, E. J. title: Rationale and prognosis of repurposed drugs with risk stratification of patients in oxygen support in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-06 words: 6398.0 sentences: 349.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340650-mwsa326c.txt summary: Inclusion criteria for the study were: i) randomized (RCT) or non-randomized clinical trials (nRCT), prospective or retrospective observational studies (cohort study and case series) ii) research articles, preprints and preliminary reports with comparators (Treatment Vs. Control) or combination of treatment modalities or studies without control group iii) study population could be any age, sex and any region in the world, diagnosed with COVID-19 with either laboratory test-confirmed or Chest computer tomography (CT) iv) any one of these outcomes reported: mortality rate, recovery rate, viral clearance period, clinical improvement of patients in oxygen therapy or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) after drug treatment. The following features were extracted: author, study type, date of publication, study period, study place, drug name, cohort size, gender, age, severity condition (mild, moderate, severe and critical); treatment combination, time from symptom onset to the treatment, dosage details, exclusion criteria of drug; precondition of patients (PaO2:FiO2, SpO2 levels, respiratory rate), comorbidity, patients requiring respiratory support such as low flow oxygen support, high flow or Non-Invasive mechanical Ventilation (NIV), IMV or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (during admission and follow-up); clinical improvement length, viral clearance period; mortality rate; recovery rate and adverse effects. abstract: There has been rapid development of clinical trials conducted on antivirals, immunomodulators, and other therapies against COVID-19. The rising number of trials has led to duplication and a need for curation of available outcomes from treatments that have been followed across the world. The rising number of trials has led to duplication and a need for curation of available outcomes from treatments that have been followed across the world. We have conducted a systematic review and meta analysis that focus on evaluating the clinical outcomes of repurposed drugs against COVID-19 including Tocilizumab, Remdesivir, Dexamethasome, Lopinavir-ritonavir, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Convalescent plasma therapy. Twenty-nine articles were included in this study after thorough literature search and performed subgroup analyses based on disease severity levels. Random effects model was adopted to estimate overall treatment effect and heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis on mortality rate showed significant overall effect in the treatment group of studies having critically ill patients (p<0.01).Overall, our study confirmed that tocilizumab may probably reduce the mortality (<10%) of patients with COVID-19 with faster recovery time and reduce the risk of patients with lung disease in falling into oxygen support (P = 0.02). Patients on remedesivir showed no significant associations of comorbidities with risk of falling into oxygen supports. Hydroxychloroquine was found to be inefficacious in COVID-19 patients (OR 0.64; 95%CI [0.47-0.86]).Dexamethasone had marginal effect on overall mortality rate (OR 1.19; 95%CI [1.05-1.35]), and hence helpful for patients on mechanical ventilation or ECMO. There was also evidence suggesting that combination therapies (serpin + Favipiravir) were helpful in reducing the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients under invasive support. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.04.20206516v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.04.20206516 id: cord-312678-81gnmxbk author: Elayeh, Eman title: Before and after case reporting: A comparison of the knowledge, attitude and practices of the Jordanian population towards COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 5442.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312678-81gnmxbk.txt summary: Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to evaluate the overall knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanian citizens to the ongoing international situation regarding the emergence and pandemic nature of COVID-19. where N is the sample size, Zα: type one error = 1.96 when α = 5%; Zβ: type two error = 1.28 when β = 10%; Q = 1-P: expected non-prevalence; P = proportion in the population possessing the characteristic of interest (based on the estimate that 50% of the respondents knew general information about COVID-19, its routes of transmission and the main preventative measures), d = one-half of the desired interval of confidence, in this study d = 5%. abstract: Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging contagious infectious disease. It is pandemic and has affected more than 21 million people and resulted in more than 750,000 deaths worldwide (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/#countries; 14/08/20). Our research group initiated a study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of Jordanians toward COVID-19 prior to any initial case report in Jordan. This project was underway when the first Jordanian case was reported. We extended our study to identify how case reporting would alter public KAP towards COVID-19. This cross-sectional study randomly selected and recruited 2104 Jordanian adults. A four-section questionnaire was devised to address the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and their KAP toward COVID-19. The mean knowledge score for the study population was 15.9 ± 2.2 (out of the 20 knowledge questions), with 60.9% of the participants having good knowledge about COVID-19. Participants’ practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19 were adequate in more than 60% of participants. Most participants had positive attitudes regarding their role in preventing COVID-19 and many of the participants’ attitudes and practices changed to more appropriate ones after reporting the first case of COVID-19 in Jordan. The percentage of participants who trust the government in confronting COVID-19 increased significantly (p value < 0.001). However, one alarming and unexpected finding was that the prevention practice score of participants working in the medical field was similar to those from the general population. This may necessitate stricter training and guidelines for this group who will be in the frontline in combating the disease. Impact of this study: The data generated from this study shows that when cases of disease were reported, the public’s attitudes and practices improved in many aspects, and that confidence in the government to contain the disease was boosted. We believe that this study is important in allowing other, international governments to develop an understanding of public KAP during pandemic disease outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240780 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240780 id: cord-340535-78bpvtuf author: Elbay, Rümeysa Yeni title: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Levels of Physicians and Associated Factors In Covid-19 Pandemics date: 2020-05-27 words: 2429.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340535-78bpvtuf.txt summary: AIM: To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks. In an early study investigating immediate psychological response during Covid-19 epidemic among general population in China, 53.8% of participants rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe (1) . In another study investigating long term psychological effects of SARS outbreak on healthcare workers, 23% of staff were found to have moderate or severe depressive symptoms in a 3year follow-up (4) . Based on this perspective, here, we aimed to investigate anxiety, stress and depression levels of physicians during Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. abstract: AIM: To investigate anxiety, stress, and depression levels of physicians during the Covid-19 outbreak and explored associated factors in both clinical and general site. METHODS: An online survey is conducted to asses psychological responses of healthcare workers and related factors during Covid-19 outbreak. It is consisted of three subsections covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data 2) information on individuals` working condition 3) Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DAS-21). RESULTS: Of all 442 participants, 286 (64.7%) had symptoms of depression, 224 (51.6%) anxiety, and 182 (41.2%) stress. Being female, young, and single, having less work experience, working in frontline were associated with higher scores, whereas having a child was associated with lower scores in each subscale. Factors found to be associated with higher DAS-21 total scores in frontline workers were as follows: increased weekly working hours, increased number of Covid-19 patients cared for, lower level of support from peers and supervisors, lower logistic support, and lower feelings of competence during Covid-19 related tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the factors which need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental wellbeing of doctors while fighting with a disaster that has major impacts on society worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130 id: cord-312252-4l3ok44o author: Elbeddini, Ali title: Barriers to conducting deprescribing in the elderly population amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-29 words: 2878.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312252-4l3ok44o.txt summary: Barriers to deprescribing before the pandemic include patient and system related factors, such as resistance to change, patient''s knowledge deficit about deprescribing, lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescriber''s attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy. Some of these barriers can be mitigated by using the following interventions:patient education, prioritization of non-pharmacological therapy, incorporation of electronic health record (EHR), continuous prescriber education, and development of research studies on deprescribing. Barriers to deprescribing before COVID-19, such as resistance to change, knowledge deficit about deprescribing, and lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescribers'' attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy need to be managed through different interventions. abstract: Deprescribing aims to reduce polypharmacy, especially in the elderly population, in order to maintain or improve quality of life, reduce harm from medications, and limit healthcare expenditure. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has led to a pandemic and has changed the lives many throughout the world. The mode of transmission of this virus is from person to person through the transfer of respiratory droplets. Therefore, non-essential healthcare services involving direct patient interactions, including deprescribing, has been on hiatus to reduce spread. Barriers to deprescribing before the pandemic include patient and system related factors, such as resistance to change, patient's knowledge deficit about deprescribing, lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescriber's attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy. Some of these barriers can be mitigated by using the following interventions:patient education, prioritization of non-pharmacological therapy, incorporation of electronic health record (EHR), continuous prescriber education, and development of research studies on deprescribing. Currently, deprescribing cannot be delivered through in person interactions, so virtual care is a reasonable alternative format. The full incorporation of EHR throughout Canada can add to the success of this strategy. However, there are several challenges of conducting deprescribing virtually in the elderly population. These challenges include, but are not limited, to their inability to use technology, lack of literacy, lack of assistance from others, greater propensity for withdrawal effects, and increased risk of severe consequences, if hospitalized. Virtual care is the future of healthcare and in order to retain the benefits of deprescribing, additional initiatives should be in place to address the challenges that elderly patients may experience in accessing deprescribing virtually. These initiatives should involve teaching elderly patients how to use technology to access health services and with technical support in place to address any concerns. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120306021?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.025 id: cord-327017-b2refzfw author: Elbeddini, Ali title: Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine date: 2020-05-27 words: 1624.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327017-b2refzfw.txt summary: title: Pharmacist intervention amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: from direct patient care to telemedicine Telehealth has been shown to be a resource-effective way to deliver pharmacist services and to enhance patient care [3] . Fortunately, many pharmacy services can be delivered over the phone, but the question arises about whether the quality of care by virtual means is on par with that of direct patient care. A randomized controlled trial looked at a telemedicine consultation device known as "GeriMedRisk" in the long-term care setting, and concluded that it feasible intervention to deliver virtual healthcare services to geriatric patients [6] . This could drastically improve the access to and quality of patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also moving forward. While many pharmacists currently use deprescribing as a means to optimize their patients'' health, it is not clear whether this practice is ideal during the pandemic. Many healthcare providers, including pharmacists, play an important role in delivering this service to patients. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has placed enormous pressures on the Canadian healthcare system. Patients are expected to stay home in order to contain the spread of the virus, but understandably have numerous questions and concerns about their health. With physical distancing being of utmost importance during the pandemic, much of healthcare has been forced to move online or over the telephone. Virtual healthcare, in the form of video calls, email, or telephone calls with patients, can significantly enhance access to healthcare. Many clinics have moved their appointments online, and physicians are seeing their patients by means of online video calls. Similarly, patients are refilling their prescriptions online and calling pharmacists whenever they have questions about their medications or medical conditions. Pharmacists are considered the most accessible primary care providers, so it is crucial for patients to know that pharmacists are there to support them throughout the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-020-00229-z doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00229-z id: cord-330877-nsx4b4rm author: Elcioglu, Omer Celal title: COVİD-19 infection in a membranous nephropathy patient treated with rituximab date: 2020-09-04 words: 2090.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330877-nsx4b4rm.txt summary: In this period, one of our group of patients who are challenging us for follow-up and treatment are those who should start or continue to use immunosuppressive therapy. In order to contribute to the accumulation of knowledge in this area, we wanted to report a patient who was followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and had been administered rituximab very recently due to a nephrotic syndrome caused by membranous nephropathy. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) cases, which emerged in Wuhan [1] , China in December 2019 and soon became a pandemic [2] , started to appear in our country in March 2020. A 48-year old male who was admitted to the emergency clinic with cough, high fever and headache for 4 days was hospitalized on March 15, 2020 with a pre-diagnosis of COVID 19 pneumonia. abstract: While COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect our country and most countries in the world, we have to make some changes both in our social life and our approach to healthcare. We have to struggle with the pandemic on one hand and also try to follow up and treat our patients with chronic diseases in the most appropriate way. In this period, one of our group of patients who are challenging us for follow-up and treatment are those who should start or continue to use immunosuppressive therapy. In order to contribute to the accumulation of knowledge in this area, we wanted to report a patient who was followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and had been administered rituximab very recently due to a nephrotic syndrome caused by membranous nephropathy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13730-020-00524-3 doi: 10.1007/s13730-020-00524-3 id: cord-308159-qqxsrp87 author: Elder, Colby title: Expectant management of pneumothorax in intubated COVID-19 positive patients: a case series date: 2020-09-21 words: 2072.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308159-qqxsrp87.txt summary: Historically, a small pneumothorax has been shown to be successfully treated without chest tube insertion, but this management has yet to be proven in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. CASE PRESENTATION: In this series we report four cases of patients with respiratory distress who tested positive for COVID-19 via nasopharyngeal swab and developed ventilator-induced pneumothoraces which were successfully managed with observation alone. CONCLUSIONS: Management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on positive pressure ventilation who develop small stable pneumothoraces can be safely observed without chest tube insertion. We present four cases of pneumothorax in COVID-19 positive patients who were managed without chest tube placement despite being on positive pressure ventilation. His FiO2 was weaned to 40% and on hospital day 4 his chest x-ray (CXR) showed extensive subcutaneous emphysema and bilateral tiny apical pneumothoraces (Fig. 1b) . Expectant management can be quite precarious in this population, but we believe these cases show that observation in ventilated COVID-19 positive patients with a small pneumothorax may be an appropriate option. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an increasing amount of literature describing the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and its associated complications. Historically, a small pneumothorax has been shown to be successfully treated without chest tube insertion, but this management has yet to be proven in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. In addition, pneumothorax in an intubated patient with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) provides additional uncertainty with pursuing non-operative management. CASE PRESENTATION: In this series we report four cases of patients with respiratory distress who tested positive for COVID-19 via nasopharyngeal swab and developed ventilator-induced pneumothoraces which were successfully managed with observation alone. CONCLUSIONS: Management of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia on positive pressure ventilation who develop small stable pneumothoraces can be safely observed without chest tube insertion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958067/ doi: 10.1186/s13019-020-01297-7 id: cord-290429-0d34abdo author: Elengoe, Asita title: COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia date: 2020-06-17 words: 1332.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290429-0d34abdo.txt summary: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of the world. They reported that the virus had 96.3% genetic similarity with a Yunnan bat coronavirus RaTG13 and 70% homology with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [2] . On the 12 th January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the cause of this epidemic outbreak was a novel coronavirus discovered in 2019 (2019-nCoV) or SARS-CoV-2 and named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [3] . Coronavirus COVID-19 cases spiked across Asia after a mass gathering in Malaysia. The origin, transmission, and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -An update on the status Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention, and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review abstract: In 2020 a significant threat to public health emerged. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and spread to the rest of the world. This disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization. To date (17(th) April 2020) a total of 2,230,439 cases of COVID-19; 150,810 cases of deaths and 564,210 recovered cases have been reported worldwide. In this review the SARS-CoV-2 morphology, pathogenic mechanism, similarities and differences between SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome, transmission mode, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures were investigated. The outbreak of COVID-19 from a Malaysian perspective was explored and mental health care during the COVID-19 outbreak was explored. To date, there is no vaccine or no specific treatment for COVID-19. Therefore, preventive measures are very important to prevent and control the rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Preparedness should be a priority for future pandemic outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08 doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08 id: cord-305760-43qxf408 author: Elgendi, M. title: The Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks and X-Ray as a Practical Alternative for Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 2470.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305760-43qxf408.txt summary: Results show that ResNet-50 is the optimal pretrained neural network for the detection of COVID-19, using three different cross-validation ratios, based on training time, accuracy, and network size. 7 reported an accuracy of 98% on a balanced dataset for detecting COVID-19 after investigating three pretrained neural networks. Sethy and Behera 8 explored 10 different pretrained neural networks, reporting an accuracy of 93% on a balanced dataset, for detecting COVID-19 on X-ray images. Apostolopoulos and Bessiana 11 evaluated five pretrained neural networks, scoring 98% of accuracy on an However, these attempts did not make clear which existing deep learning method would be the most efficient and robust for COVID-19 compared to many others. After investigating 16 different pretrained neural networks, our results showed that ResNet-50 is the optimal pretrained deep learning network for detection of COVID-19 in HRCT chest X-ray images. Automatic detection of coronavirus disease (covid-19) using x-ray images and deep convolutional neural networks abstract: High-resolution computed tomography radiology is a critical tool in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 infection; however, in smaller clinics around the world, there is a shortage of radiologists available to analyze these images. In this paper, we compare the performance of 16 available deep learning algorithms to help identify COVID19. We utilize an already existing diagnostic technology (X-ray) and an already existing neural network (ResNet-50) to diagnose COVID-19. Our approach eliminates the extra time and resources needed to develop new technology and associated algorithm, thus aiding the front-line in the race against the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that ResNet-50 is the optimal pretrained neural network for the detection of COVID-19, using three different cross-validation ratios, based on training time, accuracy, and network size. We also present a custom visualization of the results that can be used to highlight important visual biomarkers of the disease and disease progression. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.12.20099481v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099481 id: cord-285872-rnayrws3 author: Elgendi, Mohamed title: The Performance of Deep Neural Networks in Differentiating Chest X-Rays of COVID-19 Patients From Other Bacterial and Viral Pneumonias date: 2020-08-18 words: 3453.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285872-rnayrws3.txt summary: Our results show that DarkNet-19 is the optimal pre-trained neural network for the detection of radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia, scoring an overall accuracy of 94.28% over 5,854 X-ray images. Sethy and Behera (8) explored 10 different pre-trained neural networks, reporting an accuracy of 93% on a balanced dataset, for detecting COVID-19 on X-ray images. Our study aims to determine the optimal learning method, by investigating different types of pre-trained networks on a balanced dataset, for COVID-19 testing. To determine the optimal existing pre-trained neural network for the detection of COVID-19, we used the CoronaHack-Chest X-Ray-Dataset. Inception-v3 and ShuffleNet achieved an overall validation accuracy below 90% suggesting that these neural networks are not robust enough for detecting COVID-19 compared to, for example, ResNet-50 and DarkNet-19. After investigating 17 different pre-trained neural networks, our results showed that DarkNet-19 is the optimal pre-trained deep learning network for detection of imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiographs. abstract: Chest radiography is a critical tool in the early detection, management planning, and follow-up evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia; however, in smaller clinics around the world, there is a shortage of radiologists to analyze large number of examinations especially performed during a pandemic. Limited availability of high-resolution computed tomography and real-time polymerase chain reaction in developing countries and regions of high patient turnover also emphasizes the importance of chest radiography as both a screening and diagnostic tool. In this paper, we compare the performance of 17 available deep learning algorithms to help identify imaging features of COVID19 pneumonia. We utilize an existing diagnostic technology (chest radiography) and preexisting neural networks (DarkNet-19) to detect imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our approach eliminates the extra time and resources needed to develop new technology and associated algorithms, thus aiding the front-line healthcare workers in the race against the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that DarkNet-19 is the optimal pre-trained neural network for the detection of radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia, scoring an overall accuracy of 94.28% over 5,854 X-ray images. We also present a custom visualization of the results that can be used to highlight important visual biomarkers of the disease and disease progression. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00550 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00550 id: cord-335265-kuc3v5m9 author: Elghazawy, Hagar title: Implementation of breast cancer continuum of care in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: 7088.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335265-kuc3v5m9.txt summary: • Healthcare workers are at high risk of being infected with the virus; at least 2629 were infected, of whom 8.3% died, since the onset of the outbreak in Italy [43] ; • Use extensive infection control measures and personal protective equipment when dealing with infected patients [44, 45] ; • Reduce direct communication by using cyberspace capacities to communicate with each other and the patients, and perform virtual MDT meetings [37] ; • Divide BC teams (surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, technicians) into tandem operation teams (ideally 50% on-site, 50% off-site) to reduce risk of exposure to infection with ideally regular alternation every 2 weeks (to overcome the incubation period of the 14-day half-life of SARS-CoV-2) [30] ; • Supply pathologists who perform fine-needle aspiration of breast lesions with enhanced biosafety precautions (i.e., procedure room with adequate ventilation, hand hygiene, wearing personal protective equipment including surgical mask, eye protection and gown) if possible, because they may be at increased risk for exposure to infected droplets [46] ; • Extend the infusion unit and radiation therapy working hours from early morning to late evening, to accommodate any delayed patients with appropriate distancing and isolation [32] ; • Support the presence of organizations that can provide oncological home care, applying ''double triage'' protocol to ensure the continuity of care and protect healthcare professionals from the exposure to infection [47] ; • Allocate older healthcare workers and those with comorbidities to off-site duties, if possible [42] . abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. The current COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge leading to care disruption, which is more severe in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to existing economic obstacles. This review presents the global perspective and preparedness plans for breast cancer continuum of care amid the COVID-19 outbreak and discusses challenges faced by LMIC in implementing these strategies. Prioritization and triage of breast cancer patients in a multidisciplinary team setting are of paramount importance. Deescalation of systemic and radiation therapy can be utilized safely in selected clinical scenarios. The presence of a framework and resource-adapted recommendations exploiting available evidence-based data with judicious personalized use of current resources is essential for breast cancer care in LMIC during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32715776/ doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-0574 id: cord-296692-t5p09le8 author: Elgin, T.G. title: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date: 2020-09-07 words: 5325.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt summary: In December of 2019 cases of an unknown viral pneumonia were reported from Wuhan, Hubei, China Although much uncertainty remains, regarding the natural history and demographics of COVID19 , the virus appears to primarily cause infection in adults over 51 with case fatality rates increasing dramatically with age [5] . There are, however, emerging case reports of pregnant mothers who test positive for COVID-19 infection and who remain either completely asymptomatic [23] and or manifest mild symptoms in the subsequent 24 hours following delivery. Although clinical evidence is lacking, the case numbers to date of COVID-19 in pregnancy remain very low [32] and case reports of two neonates who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after birth lends some credence to the concern. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest challenge to date faced by the medical community in the 21st century. The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies is growing, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease of older patients, infection is now seen across all age demographics with reports of illness in pregnant patients and infants. Altered hormone status and predominance of Th-2 immune helper cells may result in increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2. Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. Neonatal reports demonstrate an inconsistent and non-specific phenotype, and it is often difficult to separate COVID-19 from the underlying conditions of prematurity or bacterial infection. The development of international registries to enable risk profiling of COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers and/or their offspring may facilitate the development of enhanced mitigation strategies, medical treatments and effective vaccinations. url: https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-200460 doi: 10.3233/npm-200460 id: cord-355850-jgcjscjq author: Elhadi, Muhammed title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers’ Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings date: 2020-06-18 words: 3417.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355850-jgcjscjq.txt summary: title: Assessment of Healthcare Workers'' Levels of Preparedness and Awareness Regarding COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. The questionnaire evaluates information sources, training experience with COVID-19, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients, use of PPE, safety precautions, isolation procedures, measures to prevent infection, and reporting procedures. In conclusion, our study has illuminated the current level of knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 among doctors and nurses, with special consideration for those working in departments responsible for caring for COVID-19 patients. The respondents had a lower level of preparedness, which highlights the importance of education and training programs for healthcare workers, to control and prevent infection from COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is spreading rapidly worldwide, with devastating consequences for patients, healthcare workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, the pandemic puts healthcare workers at high risk and challenges the abilities of healthcare systems to respond to the crisis. This study measured levels of knowledge and preparedness regarding COVID-19 among physicians and nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers in Libya between February 26 and March 10, 2020. We obtained 1,572 valid responses of a possible 2,000 (78.6%) participants from 21 hospitals, of which 65.1% were from physicians and 34.9% from nurses. The majority of participants (70%) used social media as a source of information. A total of 47.3% of doctors and 54.7% of nurses received adequate training on how to effectively use personal protective equipment. Low confidence in managing suspected COVID-19 patients was reported by 83.8% of participants. Furthermore, 43.2% of healthcare workers were aware of proper hand hygiene techniques. Less than 7% of participants received training on how to manage COVID-19 cases, whereas 20.6% of doctors and 26.3% of nurses felt that they were personally prepared for the outbreak. Awareness and preparedness for the pandemic were low among frontline workers during the study. Therefore, an effective educational training program should be implemented to ensure maintenance of appropriate practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563273/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0330 id: cord-298094-ctikhqvr author: Elias, Pierre title: The Prognostic Value of Electrocardiogram at Presentation to Emergency Department in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 4165.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298094-ctikhqvr.txt summary: The principal findings of this study include: (1) rapid clinical deterioration is common in admitted patients, with 53% of intubations occurring within 48 hours, (2) 33% of admitted patients either died or required mechanical ventilation within fourteen days of COVID-19 diagnosis, and (3) combining abnormal ECG and abnormal respiratory vital signs quickly identifies a group of patients at high risk for mechanical ventilation or death. In this study, we sought to determine if data available early in a patient''s emergency department presentation (demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and ECG) could prognosticate the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death by 48 hours after COVID-19 diagnosis. In this study, we sought to determine if data available early in a patient''s emergency department presentation (demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and ECG) could prognosticate the composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death by 48 hours after COVID-19 diagnosis. abstract: ABSTRACT Background Rapid risk stratification is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to study whether combining vital signs and electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis can improve early prognostication. Methods 1,258 adults with COVID-19 seen at three hospitals in New York in March and April 2020 were analyzed. ECGs at presentation to the emergency department were systematically read by electrophysiologists. The primary outcome was a composite of mechanical ventilation or death 48 hours from diagnosis. The prognostic value of ECG abnormalities was assessed in a model adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and vital signs. Results At 48 hours, 73 patients (6%) had died and 174 (14%) were alive but receiving mechanical ventilation with 277 (22%) patients dying by 30 days. Early development of respiratory failure was common, with 53% of all intubations occurring within 48 hours of presentation. In a multivariable logistic regression, atrial fibrillation/flutter (OR 2.5, 95% CI [1.1-6.2]), right ventricular strain (OR 2.7, 95% CI [1.3-6.1]), and ST segment abnormalities (OR 2.4, 95% CI [1.5-3.8]) were associated with death or mechanical ventilation at 48 hours. In 108 patients without these ECG abnormalities and with normal respiratory vitals (rate <20 and saturation >95%), only 5 (5%) died or required mechanical ventilation by 48 hours versus 68 of 216 patients (31%) having both ECG and respiratory vital sign abnormalities. Conclusions The combination of abnormal respiratory vital signs and ECG findings of atrial fibrillation/flutter, right ventricular strain, or ST segment abnormalities accurately prognosticates early deterioration in patients with COVID-19 and may assist with patient triage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33012341/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.028 id: cord-289907-wzctqkd7 author: Elimian, K. O. title: Descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in Nigeria, 27 February–6 June 2020 date: 2020-09-11 words: 5013.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289907-wzctqkd7.txt summary: A descriptive analysis of the clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes of the first 32 COVID-19 patients admitted to Mainland Hospital in Lagos State, Nigeria, found that two-thirds of patients were male, and the mean age was 38.1 years [7] . Through NCDC''s surveillance and laboratory network as well as coordination of state PHEOCs, epidemiological information on COVID-19 cases are captured into a real-time networked platform called Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System (SORMAS). During the study period, 36 states plus FCT had reported confirmed COVID-19 cases; all states were actively monitoring for cases through the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system (IDSR) system [9] . Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 was done by Residential setting c Residential setting of each person tested for COVID-19 was based on the population size and administrative/ legal criteria for the reporting Local Government Areas (LGA) as recorded by field staff, in line with common classification of urban and rural classification in Nigeria [12] . abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria with a view of generating evidence to enhance planning and response strategies. A national surveillance dataset between 27 February and 6 June 2020 was retrospectively analysed, with confirmatory testing for COVID-19 done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence (CI) and case fatality (CF). A total of 40 926 persons (67% of total 60 839) had complete records of RT-PCR test across 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory, 12 289 (30.0%) of whom were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Of those confirmed cases, 3467 (28.2%) had complete records of clinical outcome (alive or dead), 342 (9.9%) of which died. The overall CI and CF were 5.6 per 100 000 population and 2.8%, respectively. The highest proportion of COVID-19 cases and deaths were recorded in persons aged 31–40 years (25.5%) and 61–70 years (26.6%), respectively; and males accounted for a higher proportion of confirmed cases (65.8%) and deaths (79.0%). Sixty-six per cent of confirmed COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic at diagnosis. In conclusion, this paper has provided an insight into the early epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria, which could be useful for contextualising public health planning. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912370/ doi: 10.1017/s095026882000206x id: cord-276641-40r4mitg author: Elkhouly, Enas A title: Should cancer treatment be continued during the COVID-19 pandemic? A single Egyptian institution experience date: 2020-07-23 words: 3109.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276641-40r4mitg.txt summary: The aim of this article is based on the fact that the potential threat of COVID-19 to immunocompromised cancer patients as a result of their disease or the treatment delivered is thought to be significant, so it is of great importance to study the best measures to be used by oncology centres to prevent or limit the exposure of cancer patients to COVID-19 and to provide cancer treatment to patients in need, as safely and as correctly as possible. After the appearance of COVID-19 in Egypt, it should be a must to take a rapid action by MCOD, until the arrival of national strategies from higher authorities, so the outpatients were classified into two groups: Group 1 patients under follow-up either as control or hormonal therapy (HT) and Group 2 patients under active treatments (surgery, chemotherapy (ChT), radiotherapy (RT), biological therapy or immunotherapy) either as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment or for metastatic disease. abstract: The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Egypt was reported on 14 February, 2020. Menoufia Clinical Oncology Centre is at the forefront of delivering care to patients with cancer during this public health crisis in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. This article highlights the unique circumstances and challenges of cancer treatment during this global pandemic and the importance of organisational structure, preparation and a shared vision for continuing to provide cancer treatment to patients in the face of uncertainty and rapid change. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32863871/ doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1077 id: cord-260762-1kuj5dzz author: Elledge, Christen R. title: Radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: International expert consensus recommendations date: 2020-06-15 words: 3969.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260762-1kuj5dzz.txt summary: For each stage and clinical scenario in cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal and ovarian cancer, specific recommendations regarding dose, technique, and timing were provided by the panel. RESULTS: Expert review and discussion generated consensus recommendations to guide radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific recommendations have been provided for common clinical scenarios encountered in gynecologic radiation oncology with a focus on strategies to reduce patient and staff exposure to COVID-19. An international panel of experts of gynecologic radiation oncology convened to review relevant literature and discuss recommendations regarding the timing and delivery of RT for patients with gynecologic malignancies. An international expert consensus panel comprised of ten experts in gynecologic radiation oncology have reviewed the relevant literature and developed clinical practice recommendations to assist radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A phase II trial of radiation therapy and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A gynecologic oncology group study abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop expert consensus recommendations regarding radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An international committee of ten experts in gynecologic radiation oncology convened to provide consensus recommendations for patients with gynecologic malignancies referred for radiation therapy. Treatment priority groups were established. A review of the relevant literature was performed and different clinical scenarios were categorized into three priority groups. For each stage and clinical scenario in cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal and ovarian cancer, specific recommendations regarding dose, technique, and timing were provided by the panel. RESULTS: Expert review and discussion generated consensus recommendations to guide radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Priority scales for cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and ovarian cancers are presented. Both radical and palliative treatments are discussed. Management of COVID-19 positive patients is considered. Hypofractionated radiation therapy should be used when feasible and recommendations regarding radiation dose, timing, and technique have been provided for external beam and brachytherapy treatments. Concurrent chemotherapy may be limited in some countries, and consideration of radiation alone is recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The expert consensus recommendations provide guidance for delivering radiation therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific recommendations have been provided for common clinical scenarios encountered in gynecologic radiation oncology with a focus on strategies to reduce patient and staff exposure to COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090825820323015?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.486 id: cord-274184-hm516x6p author: Elli, Luca title: Endoscopy during the Covid-19 outbreak: experience and recommendations from a single center in a high-incidence scenario date: 2020-04-27 words: 4843.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274184-hm516x6p.txt summary: From the abovementioned reasons we must deduce that: -in high SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas where PCR assays are not extensively performed, Covid-19 cannot be ruled out by simple clinical examination or epidemiological link; -the greatest amount of efforts and precautions are required to minimize the spread of the disease and to preserve medical staff from infection. In our current situation, which is characterized by high incidence of Covid-19 and relative scarcity of surveillance assays in asymptomatic subjects, for the abovementioned reasons we recommend different modalities of individual protection based on a strict clinical and epidemiological stratification of patients with potential SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing endoscopic examination. In this setting, regardless of the classification of patients (high/low-risk, , in order to prevent the medical staff from becoming infected, we suggest high-performance personal protection equipment, i.e. a N95 or FFP2/FFP3 respirator, a hairnet, a double pair of gloves, a disposable waterproof surgical gown, a face shield (which we prefer because it allows to protect, and then spare, respirators) or goggles, and work safety clogs (Table 1) . abstract: A dramatic SARS-Cov-2 outbreak is hitting Italy hard. To face the new scenario all the hospitals have been re-organised in order to reduce all the outpatient services and to devote almost all their personnel and resources to the management of Covid-19 patients. As a matter of fact, all the services have undergone a deep re-organization guided by: the necessity to reduce exams, to create an environment that helps reduce the virus spread, and to preserve the medical personnel from infection. In these days a re-organization of the endoscopic unit, sited in a high-incidence area, has been adopted, with changes to logistics, work organization and patients selection. With the present manuscript, we want to support gastroenterologists and endoscopists in the organization of a “new” endoscopy unit that responds to the “new” scenario, while remaining fully aware that resources availability and local circumstances may extremely vary from unit to unit. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1590865820301730?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.018 id: cord-310623-zbjgr9jk author: Ellington, Sascha title: Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age with Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Pregnancy Status — United States, January 22–June 7, 2020 date: 2020-06-26 words: 2985.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310623-zbjgr9jk.txt summary: These findings suggest that among women of reproductive age with COVID-19, pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized and at increased risk for ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation compared with nonpregnant women, but their risk for death is similar. These findings suggest that among women of reproductive age with COVID-19, pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized and at increased risk for ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation * https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html. In contrast, however, ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation are distinct proxies for illness severity (8) , and after adjusting for age, presence of underlying conditions, and race/ethnicity, the risks for both (N = 91,412) , by pregnancy status, age group, and race/ethnicity, and relative risk for these outcomes comparing pregnant women to nonpregnant women aged 15-44 years -United States, January 22-June 7, 2020 Among reproductive-age women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, pregnancy was associated with hospitalization and increased risk for intensive care unit admission, and receipt of mechanical ventilation, but not with death. abstract: As of June 16, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in 2,104,346 cases and 116,140 deaths in the United States.* During pregnancy, women experience immunologic and physiologic changes that could increase their risk for more severe illness from respiratory infections (1,2). To date, data to assess the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 among pregnant U.S. women and determine whether signs and symptoms differ among pregnant and nonpregnant women are limited. During January 22-June 7, as part of COVID-19 surveillance, CDC received reports of 326,335 women of reproductive age (15-44 years) who had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Data on pregnancy status were available for 91,412 (28.0%) women with laboratory-confirmed infections; among these, 8,207 (9.0%) were pregnant. Symptomatic pregnant and nonpregnant women with COVID-19 reported similar frequencies of cough (>50%) and shortness of breath (30%), but pregnant women less frequently reported headache, muscle aches, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease were more commonly reported among pregnant women than among nonpregnant women. Among women with COVID-19, approximately one third (31.5%) of pregnant women were reported to have been hospitalized compared with 5.8% of nonpregnant women. After adjusting for age, presence of underlying medical conditions, and race/ethnicity, pregnant women were significantly more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (aRR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.8) and receive mechanical ventilation (aRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2-2.4). Sixteen (0.2%) COVID-19-related deaths were reported among pregnant women aged 15-44 years, and 208 (0.2%) such deaths were reported among nonpregnant women (aRR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5-1.5). These findings suggest that among women of reproductive age with COVID-19, pregnant women are more likely to be hospitalized and at increased risk for ICU admission and receipt of mechanical ventilation compared with nonpregnant women, but their risk for death is similar. To reduce occurrence of severe illness from COVID-19, pregnant women should be counseled about the potential risk for severe illness from COVID-19, and measures to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be emphasized for pregnant women and their families. url: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6925a1 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6925a1 id: cord-285711-2utcn0hw author: Elliott, Robert title: COVID-19 Related Mortality During Management of a Hepatic Abscess date: 2020-09-22 words: 2071.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285711-2utcn0hw.txt summary: Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 has challenged healthcare systems to limit the spread of community and hospital-acquired of disease. In the setting of an ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), healthcare systems have been challenged to limit in-hospital transmission of the virus; a task noted to be incredibly difficult given the suggestion of what appears to be fairly high viral transmissibility (3, 4) . We presented a case of a patient death from SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the implementation of universal masking. In addition, now having lived this experience with universal masking, we question: (1) if there might be a survival advantage to short-interval masking during the height of seasonal influenza activity and (2) if there may be a benefit to expanded use of N95 respirators in the IR suite during AGP-type interventions performed on individuals presenting with respiratory infections not limited to Covid-19. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which originated in the capital city of the Hubei Province, Wuhan, China in late 2019. Declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 has challenged healthcare systems to limit the spread of community and hospital-acquired of disease. This article uses a patient case to highlight the importance of infection control during the height of the SARS-CoV-2 surge at a Level I affiliated community hospital in Western New York. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982611/ doi: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.09.001 id: cord-271048-tq1sk01g author: Ellis, R. title: Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error date: 2020-04-13 words: 1681.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271048-tq1sk01g.txt summary: Many surgical colleagues are being trained in managing unwell patients suffering with coronavirus on the wards, others have been supporting emergency departments and intensive care units. Despite covering an increasing number of patients admitted with COVID-19, surgeons will still be dealing with emergency surgical admissions and will continue to operate on emergency cases. In light of these new and unfamiliar challenges, there are resources available to help surgeons revise their knowledge of acute medicine and receive updates on COVID-19 via webinars 5, 6 ; critical care websites with up to date guidelines and handbooks (such as the intensive care society: www.ics.ac.uk/ICS/handbooks.aspx); Systemic Training in Acute Illness Recognition and Treatment for Surgery (START) course, that includes a human factors presentation, on the RCS website; Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons course (NOTSS) presentations are available on the RCS Edinburgh website (www.rcsed.ac.uk) to both members and non-members. abstract: Our professional and private lives changed on March 11 2020 when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO. By March 16, surgical training was suspended, MRCS and FRCS examinations cancelled and all courses postponed. In theory, essential cancer surgery, emergency and trauma operating will continue. All elective, non-essential cases are currently cancelled. While we adapt to our new ways of working, we remind ourselves that surgeons are flexible, resilient and, ultimately, we are doctors in the first instance. We present a short article on operating during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32312584/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.002 id: cord-344682-4vpm7m1h author: Ellison, E Christopher title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators date: 2020-09-12 words: 6045.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344682-4vpm7m1h.txt summary: title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Training and Learner Well-Being: Report of a Survey of General Surgery and Other Surgical Specialty Educators It included both closedand open-ended questions and the self-reported stages of GME during the COVID-19 pandemic as defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Respondents reported the Sponsoring Institution''s (SI)ACGME Stage as either Stage 1: business as usual; Stage 2: increased but manageable clinical demand; or Stage 3: crossing a threshold beyond which the increase in volume and/or severity of illness creates an extraordinary circumstance where routine care education and delivery must be reconfigured to focus only on patient care. The experience with the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for institutions to develop disaster plans that include disruption to educational programs that not only include the "rules of engagement" around clinical redeployment but also the continuation of didactics and psychological counseling and other supportive infrastructure including childcare that are critical to sustain the wellness of learners. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the delivery of surgical services. The purpose of this communication is to report the impact of the pandemic on surgical training and learner wellbeing and to document adaptations made by surgery departments. STUDY DESIGN: A 37-item survey was distributed to educational leaders in general surgery and other surgical specialty training programs. It included both closed- and open-ended questions and the self-reported stages of GME during the COVID-19 pandemic as defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Statistical associations for items with Stage were assessed using categorical analysis. RESULTS: The response rate was 21% (472/2,196). U.S. Stage distribution (n=447) was Stage 1 22%, Stage 2 48%, Stage 3 30%. Impact on clinical education significantly increased by Stage with severe reductions in non-emergency operations (73%and 86% vs.98%) and emergency operations (8% and 16% vs. 34%). Variable effects were reported on minimal expected case numbers across all stages. Reductions were reported in outpatient experience (83%), in-hospital experience (70%), and outside rotations (57%). Increases in ICU rotations were reported with advancing stage (7%and 13%vs.37%). Severity of impact on didactic education increased with stage (14%and 30% vs.46%). Virtual conferences were adopted by 97% across all stages. Severity of impact on learner wellbeing increased by Stage: physical safety (6%and 9%vs.31%), physical health (0% and 7%vs.17%), emotional health (11% and 24%vs.42%). Regardless of stage most, but not all, made adaptations to support trainees’ wellbeing. CONCLUSION: The pandemic adversely impacted surgical training and wellbeing of learners across all surgical specialties proportional to increasing ACGME Stage. There is a need to develop education disaster plans, to support technical competency, and learner wellbeing. Careful assessment for program advancement will also be necessary. The experience during this pandemic shows that virtual learning and telemedicine will have significant impact on the future of surgical education. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1072751520323085 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.08.766 id: cord-255495-xnoppq3y author: Elrashdy, Fatma title: On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity date: 2020-07-09 words: 7523.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255495-xnoppq3y.txt summary: It is possible that this "Trojan horse" strategy represents possible explanation for the re-appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7–14 day post discharge, suggesting that viral material was hidden within such exosomes or extracellular vesicles during this "silence" time period and then started to re-spread again. The fact that SARS-CoV-2 can be present within the vacuoles or double membrane vesicles (DMVs) within the host cells was proven by the careful post-mortem histopathological analysis of the renal samples of patients with COVID-19 by light microscopy, electron microscopic examination, and immunostaining (Farkash et al., 2020; Su et al., 2020) . Is this "Trojan horse" strategy of the release of the SARS-CoV-2-loaded exosomes or EDMVs represent a reasonable explanation for the appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7-14 day post discharge? abstract: We propose here that one of the potential mechanisms for the relapse of the COVID-19 infection could be a cellular transport pathway associated with the release of the SARS-CoV-2-loaded exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. It is possible that this “Trojan horse” strategy represents possible explanation for the re-appearance of the viral RNA in the recovered COVID-19 patients 7–14 day post discharge, suggesting that viral material was hidden within such exosomes or extracellular vesicles during this “silence” time period and then started to re-spread again. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643586/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426 id: cord-284175-5rre1kbn author: Elsaid, Ossama title: Ventricular Fibrillation Storm in Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-08-29 words: 1089.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284175-5rre1kbn.txt summary: Herein, we describe the clinical course of an otherwise healthy patient who experienced persistent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation which is believed to be directly related to inflammation, as opposed to acute myocardial injury or medications that can prolong the QT interval. One study reported ventricular tachycardia (VT)/VF in 5.9% (11/187) of COVID-19 patients (Table 2 3-9 ), with elevated troponin-T increasing risk, suggesting that myocardial injury precipitates arrhythmia 2 . Tocilizumab was shown to have a robust shortening of the QTc prolongation induced by abundant inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute rheumatoid arthritis 16 . As such, this report suggests that the hyper-inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients can induce ventricular arrhythmias, which may cease abruptly following a reduction in inflammation, in our case from convalescent serum and/or hydrocortisone therapy. QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin abstract: Cardiac arrhythmia is a known manifestation of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Herein, we describe the clinical course of an otherwise healthy patient who experienced persistent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation which is believed to be directly related to inflammation, as opposed to acute myocardial injury or medications that can prolong the QT interval. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002914920308900?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.033 id: cord-327360-4qpk99x9 author: Elsawah, Hozaifa Khalil title: Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐severe COVID‐19 patients; systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials date: 2020-08-18 words: 3182.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt summary: The objectives are to summarize efficacy of HCQ use in COVID-19 relative to control based on available clinical trials indicated by all possible improvements of the disease This article is protected by copyright. There are three types of variables; 1) independent variable is HCQ therapy, 2) dependent variables include viral clearance in the pharyngeal swab, clinical progression (increase in the baseline severity), radiological progression, adverse effects, and mortality, 3) confounders include usual treatment that varied among studies, age, sex, disease onset, and different HCQ doses. The present meta-analysis targeted non-severe COVID-19 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of HCQ based on the available evidence. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A review and a debate based on available clinical trials/case studies abstract: BACKGROUND: Being a pandemic and having a high global case fatality rate directed us to assess the evidence strength of hydroxychloroquine efficacy in treating COVID‐19 arising from clinical trials and to update the practice with the most reliable clinical evidence. METHODS: A comprehensive search was started in June up to July‐18, 2020 in many databases, including PubMed, Embase and others. Of 432 studies found, only six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria which includes: clinical trials, age>12 years with non‐severe COVID‐19, PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine is the intervention beyond the usual care. Data extraction and bias risk assessment were done by two independent authors. Both fixed‐effect and random‐effect models were utilized for pooling data using risk difference as a summary measure. The primary outcomes are clinical and radiological COVID‐19 progression, SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance in the pharyngeal swab, and mortality. The secondary outcomes are the adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine. RESULTS: Among 609 COVID‐19 confirmed patients obtained from pooling 6 studies, 294 patients received Hydroxychloroquine and 315 patients served as a control. Hydroxychloroquine significantly prevent early radiological progression relative to control with risk difference and 95% confidence interval of ‐0.2 (‐0.36 to ‐0.03). On the other hand, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent clinical COVID‐19 progression, reduce 5‐days mortality, or enhance viral clearance on days 5, 6, 7. Moreover, many adverse effects were reported with hydroxychloroquine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Failure of hydroxychloroquine to show viral clearance or clinical benefits with additional adverse effects outweigh its protective effect from radiological progression in non‐severe COVID‐19 patients. Benefit‐risk balance should guide hydroxychloroquine use in COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808712/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26442 id: cord-303659-mzez7v4d author: Elsayed, Sarah M title: The Possibility and Cause of Relapse After Previously Recovering From COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-05 words: 3203.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303659-mzez7v4d.txt summary: There are reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial clearance of the virus. There have been reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial documented clearance of the virus. The publications included COVID-19 positive patient data and the relapse of disease was confirmed by PCR; the full text was available for these publications. Data were collected in the following categories when available: Study design; Study country; Patient demographics; Clinical signs and symptoms; Laboratory findings; Imaging studies; Dynamics of the oropharyngeal swab test; Treatment of the first presentation; The clinical picture of relapse; Day of a positive result after confirmed negative We tabulated the data using Microsoft Excel (2010, Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA). The study reports a total of 11 patients (6 females and 5 males), all from China, who tested positive for COVID-19. abstract: The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is a novel coronavirus that is believed to be mainly transmitted via droplet and contact transmission. While research is focusing on epidemiology, transmission, vaccine development, and therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a possibility of disease relapse. There are reports of patients who tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 after clinical recovery and initial clearance of the virus. Objective This systematic review aims to identify the trends of COVID-19 relapse, the effects of co-morbidities on it, and associated mortality rates. Methods We conducted a systematic search during March and April 2020 for research articles on the relapse of COVID-19 using two primary databases, PubMed and Embase. Results A total of 13 eligible studies were screened of which 11 (case reports) were eligible for data extraction. The earliest to report relapse was after two days of discharge and the latest was 22 days after discharge. The mean number of days to relapse was 12 days and the median number was seven days. There was incomplete information about comorbidities. No mortalities were reported at the time of the study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042702/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10264 id: cord-349474-pprxwij6 author: Elshami, Wiam title: The radiology workforce’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East, North Africa and India date: 2020-09-23 words: 4717.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349474-pprxwij6.txt summary: Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3% ) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Moreover, our ability to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices and associated factors, such as fear and anxiety, among the RWF provided more insight into the psychological needs of medical workers to continue providing quality service. abstract: Introduction This study aimed to investigate the response of the radiology workforce to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on professional practice in India and eight other Middle Eastern and North African countries. It further investigated the levels of fear and anxiety among this workforce during the pandemic. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 22 May-2 June 2020 among radiology workers employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey collected information related to the following themes: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) the impact of COVID-19 on radiology practice, and (3) fear and (4) anxiety emanating from the global pandemic. Results We received 903 responses. Fifty-eight percent had completed training on infection control required for handling COVID-19 patients. A large proportion (79.5%) of the respondents strongly agreed or agreed that personal protective equipment (PPE) was adequately available at work during the pandemic. The respondents reported experiences of work-related stress (42.9%), high COVID-19 fear score (83.3%) and anxiety (10%) during the study period. Conclusion There was a perceived workload increase in general x-ray and Computed Tomography imaging procedures because they were the key modalities for the initial and follow-up investigations of COVID-19. However, there was adequate availability of PPE during the study period. Most radiology workers were afraid of being infected with the virus. Fear was predominant among workers younger than 30 years of age and also in temporary staff. Anxiety occurred completely independent of gender, age, experience, country, place of work, and work status. Implications for practice It is important to provide training and regular mental health support and evaluations for healthcare professionals, including radiology workers, during similar future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032889/ doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.016 id: cord-260180-kojb8efv author: Elsoukkary, Sarah S. title: Autopsy Findings in 32 Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Institution Experience date: 2020-09-17 words: 4600.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260180-kojb8efv.txt summary: METHODS: We report the clinicopathologic findings from 32 autopsy studies conducted on patients who died of COVID-19 including routine gross and microscopic examination with applicable special and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and pathologic findings in major organ systems of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we described the unique and multisystem clinical and pathologic findings in 32 autopsies of patients who died from the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. On histologic examination, we observed findings secondary to the patients'' preexisting conditions in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, as well as changes secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as various stages of DAD and multiple thromboemboli in large and small vessels in multiple organs. While the lung findings are most significant for the majority of those infected, other organ systems are frequently involved including with widespread microscopic thromboses in numerous organs, as well as liver, kidney, and lymph node pathology. abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. This virus rapidly spread around the world causing disease ranging from minimal symptoms to severe pneumonia, which was termed coronavirus disease (i.e., COVID). Postmortem examination is a valuable tool for studying the pathobiology of this new infection. METHODS: We report the clinicopathologic findings from 32 autopsy studies conducted on patients who died of COVID-19 including routine gross and microscopic examination with applicable special and immunohistochemical staining techniques. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR in 31 cases (97%) and by immunohistochemical staining for SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein in the lung in the remaining 1 case (3%). The ethnically diverse cohort consisted of 22 males and 10 females with a mean age of 68 years (range: 30–100). Patients most commonly presented with cough (17 [55%]), shortness of breath (26 [81%]), and a low-grade fever (17 [55%]). Thirty-one (97%) of the patients had at least 1 comorbidity (mean = 4). Twenty-eight patients (88%) had widespread thromboembolic disease, as well as diffuse alveolar damage (30 [94%]), diabetic nephropathy (17 [57%]) and acute tubular injury. Patterns of liver injury were heterogeneous, featuring 10 (36%) with frequent large basophilic structures in sinusoidal endothelium, and increased immunoblast-like cells in lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: This series of autopsies from patients with COVID-19 confirms the observation that the majority of severely affected patients have significant pulmonary pathology. However, many patients also have widespread microscopic thromboses, as well as characteristic findings in the liver and lymph nodes. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000511325 doi: 10.1159/000511325 id: cord-314211-tv1nhojk author: Eltoukhy, Abdelrahman E. E. title: Data Analytics for Predicting COVID-19 Cases in Top Affected Countries: Observations and Recommendations date: 2020-09-27 words: 9260.0 sentences: 551.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314211-tv1nhojk.txt summary: The number of COVID-19 cases can be accurately predicted by considering historical data of reported cases alongside some external factors that affect the spread of the virus. [37] have proposed an AI-based algorithm for predicting COVID-19 cases using a hybrid Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. These important factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index. First, there is no previous study that simultaneously considers the historical data of the number of COVID-19 cases and most of the external factors that affect the spread of the virus. These external factors include population, median age index, public and private healthcare expenditure, air quality as a CO 2 trend, seasonality as month of data collection, number of arrivals in the country/territory, and education index. abstract: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has adversely affected many countries in the world. The unexpected large number of COVID-19 cases has disrupted the healthcare system in many countries and resulted in a shortage of bed spaces in the hospitals. Consequently, predicting the number of COVID-19 cases is imperative for governments to take appropriate actions. The number of COVID-19 cases can be accurately predicted by considering historical data of reported cases alongside some external factors that affect the spread of the virus. In the literature, most of the existing prediction methods focus only on the historical data and overlook most of the external factors. Hence, the number of COVID-19 cases is inaccurately predicted. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to simultaneously consider historical data and the external factors. This can be accomplished by adopting data analytics, which include developing a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous input (NARX) neural network-based algorithm. The viability and superiority of the developed algorithm are demonstrated by conducting experiments using data collected for top five affected countries in each continent. The results show an improved accuracy when compared with existing methods. Moreover, the experiments are extended to make future prediction for the number of patients afflicted with COVID-19 during the period from August 2020 until September 2020. By using such predictions, both the government and people in the affected countries can take appropriate measures to resume pre-epidemic activities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992643/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197080 id: cord-351691-3egwvb59 author: Elzupir, Amin O. title: Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-23 words: 2948.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351691-3egwvb59.txt summary: This study investigates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)) using caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations by means of molecular mechanics-Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) and molecular mechanics-generalized-Born surface area (MMGBSA). Of these 3CPs, seven drugs approved by the US-Food and Drug Administration have shown a good binding affinity to the catalytic residues of 3CL(pro) of His(41) and Cys(145): caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, pentoxifylline, linagliptin, bromotheophylline and istradefylline. This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of 3CL pro by means of approved caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) using the molecular docking approach. An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations abstract: In December 2019, a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the outbreak of a pulmonary disease called COVID-19, which killed thousands of people worldwide. Therefore, the necessity to find out the potential therapeutic pharmaceuticals is imperious. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)) using caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations by means of molecular mechanics-Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) and molecular mechanics-generalized-Born surface area (MMGBSA). Of these 3CPs, seven drugs approved by the US-Food and Drug Administration have shown a good binding affinity to the catalytic residues of 3CL(pro) of His(41) and Cys(145): caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, pentoxifylline, linagliptin, bromotheophylline and istradefylline. Their binding affinity score ranged from –4.9 to –8.6 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamic simulation in an aqueous solution of docked complexes demonstrated that the 3CPs conformations bound to the active sites of 3CL(pro) during 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy of binding also confirms the stability of the 3CPs–3CL(pro) complexes. To our knowledge, this in silico study shows for the first time very inexpensive drugs available in large quantities that can be potential inhibitors against 3CL(pro). In particular, the repurposing of linagliptin, and caffeine are recommended for COVID-19 treatment after in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1835732 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835732 id: cord-287607-d3k26aar author: Emamaullee, Juliet title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 words: 3271.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt summary: Ongoing ''Stay at Home'' orders and institutional policies mandating ''Work from Home'' for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. These efforts were directed at the identification of the following areas that would require modification: minimization of direct patient care for routine study activities, logistics of research staff working from home, and study-specific protocol deviations, enrollment pauses, and remote site monitoring visits (Figure 3) . Sponsors were highly responsive, providing amendments to allow for study adjustments, including suspension of enrollment when appropriate for a specific study, protocol modifications to allow for remote follow up and designed for participant safety as well as to assure that data collection to achieve endpoints could be collected, and implementation of remote monitoring, etc. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought most ongoing clinical trials to a standstill, while at the same time emphasizing the need for new therapeutic treatments and strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Recent publication of several observational studies has generated much discussion surrounding efficacy of drugs including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir, stressing the need for high-quality prospective, randomized control trials in patients with COVID-19. Ongoing ‘Stay at Home’ orders and institutional policies mandating ‘Work from Home’ for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. This article discusses the approach of an experienced clinical trials unit to make adjustments for ongoing studies and ensure the safety of study participants. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. The existence of a Division of Clinical Research with regulatory, budgeting, contracting, and coordinating expertise within a Department of Surgery can successfully accommodate a crisis situation and rapidly adapt to new requirements for the safe, efficient, and effective conversion to a remote work force without compromising the research process. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002248042030442X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.049 id: cord-281148-bbnbnwte author: Emara, Khaled title: What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic() date: 2020-05-20 words: 408.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281148-bbnbnwte.txt summary: In this article, we provide a brief review for Orthopedic surgeons as regard COVID-19 virus microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus 21 disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the 22 increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus 21 disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the 22 increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. Alpha Patients are infectious in asymptomatic period before the appearance of symptoms, 54 thorough the disease, and on clinical recovery [9] . Incubation period between contacting the virus to the appearance of symptoms varies 56 widely between two days and 28 days with mean at five days [10] . abstract: The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease 2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. In this article, we provide a brief review for Orthopedic surgeons as regard COVID-19 virus microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis. Moreover, what measures should be taken amid this pandemic to assess its control, maintain the urgent duties, and protect health care workers (HCW) are also discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501382/ doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.016 id: cord-344375-pr6jlc5c author: Emert, Roger title: COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting date: 2020-05-23 words: 900.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344375-pr6jlc5c.txt summary: In the inpatient setting, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections leading to pneumonia and hypoxic respiratory failure demonstrate elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen, evidencing a hypercoagulable state [5] . [6] In patients with severe COVID, elevated D-dimer correlated positively with increased 28-day mortality [7] and current guidelines recommend therapeutic anti-Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulation in the setting of elevated D-dimers, as a high incidence of VTE has been reported on prophylactic dosing [8] . It stands to reason that viral infection from COVID-19, which has demonstrated remarkable elevations in hematological markers of coagulation [12] , would increase this risk further, especially as similar findings were seen in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a related coronavirus [13] . A recent prospective study of autopsy findings from consecutive deaths from COVID-19 found thromboembolic events to an important feature of mortality, with only a small proportion of patients characterized from the outpatient setting [18] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32473495/ doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.031 id: cord-280361-242yq90p author: Emmanuel, Stip title: Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-20 words: 1108.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280361-242yq90p.txt summary: Psychiatric adverse events with hydrochloroquine during COVID-19 Pandemic. For instance, the FDA has authorized clinicians to prescribe chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for patients admitted to hospital with covid-19, and in parallel there were warnings from scientific advisers that no randomized controlled trial has been completed to date to support the drugs'' safety and efficacy in this COVID-19 population (Lenzer 2020 , Owens 2020 insomnia and psychomotor agitation. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the prevention or treatment of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Africa: caution for inappropriate off-label use in healthcare settings Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Psychosis following chloroquine ingestion: a 10-year comparative study from a malaria-hyperendemic district of India Psychosis likely induced by hydropxychloroquine in a patient with chronic Q fever: a case report and clinically relevant review of pharmacology Toxic psychosis during chloroquine treatment Serious psychiatric symptoms after chloroquine treatment following experimental malaria infection abstract: • Hydrochloroquine, well known in rheumatology, dermatology and tropical medicine is now considered in the treatment and prophylaxy for the SARS-CoVid19. • Mental and neurological manifestations should be assessed following the use of hydrochloroquine particularly following prophylactic use. • For acute malaria studies, hydroxychloroquine was associated with high prevalence of mental neurological manifestations amongst anti-malaria drugs. • Recommendations of using hydrochloroquine in COVID are variable and sometimes contradictory depending on agencies and countries. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820303154 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102203 id: cord-283843-qgpxauj1 author: Endstrasser, Franz title: The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on pain and physical function in patients with end-stage hip or knee osteoarthritis date: 2020-06-18 words: 2490.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283843-qgpxauj1.txt summary: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain, functional impairment, mental health, and daily activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 lockdown had a significant impact on pain, joint function, physical function, and physical activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee OA. Since no study has yet investigated the development of clinical symptoms of patients with end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) waiting for arthroplasty surgery, the purpose of this study was to investigate the course of (1) pain, (2) functional impairment, (3) mental health, and (4) daily activities during the course of COVID-19 lockdown. The present study hypothesized that the COVID-19 lockdown will limit physical activity, which will consequently increase clinical symptoms and decrease physical and mental function in patients with end-stage hip and knee OA. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain, functional impairment, mental health, and daily activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS: The study included 63 patients, with hip or knee OA, who had been scheduled for arthroplasty that was postponed because of COVID-19. Patients were evaluated by telephone interviews during the first week after lockdown, in the fourth week, and again at the end of the lockdown. Patients rated their pain level on the basis of a visual analog scale (VAS) and completed WOMAC, SF-12 and Tegner activity scale (TAS) questionnaires. RESULTS: VAS and WOMAC scores increased significantly during lockdown, while physical activity significantly decreased. At the final evaluation, VAS and WOMAC showed a significant negative correlation with TAS. The SF-12 subscale scores showed a significant decrease of the physical component during the lockdown, while the mental component remained largely unchanged. Patients with knee OA showed a faster progress of pain compared to those with hip OA. 50 patients (79%) stated they wished to have arthroplasty as soon as possible. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 lockdown had a significant impact on pain, joint function, physical function, and physical activity in patients with end-stage hip and knee OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II (Prospective cohort study). ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00167-020-06104-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06104-3 doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06104-3 id: cord-305969-yy4f4x5i author: Eng, John title: Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice date: 2020-04-23 words: 1830.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305969-yy4f4x5i.txt summary: Most articles examining CT''s diagnostic performance focus on its sensitivity for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia against the reference standard, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2). Since a patient''s COVID-19 status is typically unknown at time of presentation, sensitivity and specificity are not the most clinically useful indicators of diagnostic test performance. In addition, assume a COVID-19 prevalence of 15%, (the approximate percentage of positive results found in RT-PCR tests being performed at Johns Hopkins Medicine hospitals at the present time). Although the preceding example was meant to be illustrative, the calculation demonstrates similar results-relatively low PPV and high NPV for CT-across plausible ranges of sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence (Fig 2) . In reality, there is probably no single "true" sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value that would apply to all clinical practice settings. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201724 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201724 id: cord-306652-e9zvyftn author: Eng, Oliver S. title: Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery date: 2020-05-20 words: 516.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306652-e9zvyftn.txt summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic approaches peak incidence in many areas, recovery and emergence plans including the re-initiation of surgical cases are underway. Keywords: COVID-19, recovery, surgical ethics As the COVID-19 pandemic approaches peak incidence in many areas, recovery and emergence plans including the re-initiation of surgical cases are underway. Last but not least, we need to share with patients the possible uncertainty of long-term operative outcomes during the COVID-19 era to engage them in shared decision making, weighing the risks of infection against the benefits of surgery and adding in consideration of consumption of resources beyond the individual surgeon in this unprecedented time of public health stress. Medically-Necessary, Time-Sensitive Procedures: A Scoring System to Ethically and Efficiently Manage Resource Scarcity and Provider Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic : Considerations abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32433303/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004082 id: cord-300621-0e35o0rk author: Engelman, Daniel T. title: Commentary: Rethinking Surgical Protocols in the Covid-19 Era date: 2020-04-13 words: 318.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300621-0e35o0rk.txt summary: Central Message: In the current era of the SARS-CoV-2 (a.k.a. Covid-19) pandemic, routine preoperative nasal swabbing for identification of Staph carriers in our patient population should be reconsidered. In this issue of the Journal, Mayeur and colleagues 2 suggest that the routine practice of nasal screening for Staphyloccus aureus before surgery may compromise healthcare professional safety during the swabbing and testing process. Logic dictates that until a more critical assessment is made of the risk posed by this practice, routine preoperative nasal swabbing for identification of Staph carriers in our patient population should be reconsidered. The risk of bacterial resistance with routine, rather than selective, nasal decontamination is far outweighed by the advantage of avoiding any additional Covid-19 infection risk in our healthcare workers. Does nasal screening for Staphyloccus aureus before surgery compromise healthcare professional safety in COVID-19 era? Effect of a preoperative decontamination protocol on surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery with hardware implantation abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022522320309107 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.015 id: cord-296420-n3vyhqpd author: England, Andrew title: Modifications to mobile chest radiography technique during the COVID-19 pandemic – implications of X-raying through side room windows date: 2020-08-03 words: 3844.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296420-n3vyhqpd.txt summary: Conclusions Undertaking mobile X-ray examinations through side room windows is potentially feasible but does require an increase in tube output and is likely to be limited by minor reductions in image quality. To evaluate the effect on image quality, radiation dose and tube life of undertaking X-ray examinations through glass side room windows. As part of the early response to Covid-19 practitioners at the University of Washington, in the United States, reported on the option of imaging patients directly through glass windows in isolation / side rooms (13) . An X-ray beam directed through a glass window would normally go against standard radiographic practices, in that exposure factors would need to be modified and that there could be artefacts and image quality issues arising from such techniques. Within our work, we presented the results of a novel experiment which sought to provide initial image quality and dose data regarding the practice of X-ray imaging through glass windows. abstract: Abstract Introduction Modifications to common radiographic techniques have resulted from the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Reports exist regarding the potential benefits of undertaking mobile radiography through side room windows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on image quality and exposure factors when undertaking such examinations. Methods A phantom based study was undertaken using a digital X-ray room. Control acquisitions, using a commercially available image quality test tool, were performed using standard mobile chest radiography acquisition factors. Image quality (physical and visual), incidence surface air kerma (ISAK), Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) were recorded. Image quality and radiation dose were further assessed for two additional (experimental) scenarios, where a side room window was located immediately adjacent to the exit port of the light beam diaphragm. The goal of experimental scenario one was to modify exposure factors to maintain the control ISAK. The goal of experimental scenario two was to modify exposure factors to maintain the control EI and DI. Dose and image quality data were compared between the three scenarios. Results To maintain the pre-window (control) ISAK (76 μGy), tube output needed a three-fold increase (90 kV/4 mAs versus 90 kV/11.25 mAs). To maintain EI/DI a more modest increase in tube output was required (90 kV/8 mAs/ISAK 54 μGy). Physical and visual assessments of spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio were indifferent between the three scenarios. There was a slight statistically significant reduction in contrast-to-noise ratio when imaging through the glass window (2.3 versus 1.4 and 1.2; P=0.005). Conclusions Undertaking mobile X-ray examinations through side room windows is potentially feasible but does require an increase in tube output and is likely to be limited by minor reductions in image quality. Implications for practice Mobile examinations performed through side room windows should only be used in limited circumstances and future clinical evaluation of this technique is warranted. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078817420301395?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.07.015 id: cord-287785-rs306oyq author: English, Mike title: Systems and implementation science should be part of the COVID-19 response in low resource settings date: 2020-07-15 words: 1159.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287785-rs306oyq.txt summary: A recently published ''call to action'' to accelerate clinical research around COVID-19 in LRS [2] acknowledged the need for such learning and that COVID-19, and the response to it, might disrupt weak health systems resulting in harm directly and through unintended consequences. However, although this prior call to action stated that ''evaluations of affordable and implementable interventions of all types-behavioural, organisational, medical, and supportive-are a priority'', scant attention seems devoted to this agenda even in the published COVID-19 research priorities of WHO or the African Academy of Sciences [3, 4] . Specifically, organised learning health systems are increasingly used in high-income countries for the purposes of such evaluations but are rare in LRS although some examples are emerging [6, 8] . All authors are involved in research on health systems or implementation science and receive funding for such work. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664950/ doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01696-6 id: cord-262399-yqtbhdwh author: English, W. title: Suspected appendicitis and COVID-19, a change in investigation and management—a multicentre cohort study date: 2020-11-09 words: 3640.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262399-yqtbhdwh.txt summary: On 25 March 2020, Intercollegiate guidelines were published in the UK to promote safe surgical provision during the COVID-19 outbreak advocating non-operative management or avoidance of laparoscopy when surgery is essential. Due to the UK''s evolving COVID-19 pandemic, initial intercollegiate general surgery guidance was released on 26 March 2020 recommending significant changes to practice to all patients in all UK hospitals [5] . In an attempt to avoid the risks of surgical intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic [6] , non-operative management with antibiotics has been suggested as a treatment option [14, 15] . The primary aim of this observational study is to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic increases the use of non-operative management in appendicitis. Following introduction of the initial Intercollegiate guidelines patients were more commonly managed non-operatively, spending fewer days in hospital without increase in complication or readmission rate. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has reformed global healthcare delivery. On 25 March 2020, Intercollegiate guidelines were published in the UK to promote safe surgical provision during the COVID-19 outbreak advocating non-operative management or avoidance of laparoscopy when surgery is essential. The effects of this on the investigation and management of appendicitis remain unknown. METHODS: We performed a multicentre, prospective, observational study from the start of the new guidelines to the 6th of May 2020. We included all patients referred to surgical teams with suspected appendicitis. A recent historical cohort was identified for comparison. The primary outcome was the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of non-operative management in appendicitis. Secondary outcomes included imaging, negative appendicectomy rate (NAR), length of stay (LOS) and 30-day complications. RESULTS: A total of 63/164 (38%) patients compared to 79/191 (41%) were diagnosed with appendicitis before and after the guidelines were introduced (p = 0.589). CT scanning increased (71/164 vs 105/191; p = 0.033) while ultrasound scanning decreased (71/164 vs 62/191; p = 0.037). Appendicitis was more likely to be managed non-operatively (11/63 vs 51/79; p < 0.001) and, of those managed surgically, with an open approach (3/52 vs 26/28 p < 0.001). The NAR also reduced (5/52 vs 0/28; p = 0.157). LOS was shorter in non-operatively managed patients (1 day vs 3 days; p < 0.001) without a difference in complications (10/51 vs 4/28; p = 0.760). CONCLUSION: Introduction of the guidelines was associated with changes in practice. Despite these changes, short-term complications did not increase and LOS decreased. Questions remain on the longer-term complication rates in non-operatively managed patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00423-020-02023-6. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169297/ doi: 10.1007/s00423-020-02023-6 id: cord-300911-cl7s47wb author: English, W. title: Surgical training during the COVID‐19 pandemic – the cloud with a silver lining? date: 2020-07-14 words: 557.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300911-cl7s47wb.txt summary: General surgical training has not been immune to these necessary changes, anecdotally resulting in reduced operating frequency, procedure number and case type available to higher surgical trainees. No trainee was explicitly scheduled to cover the emergency (CEPOD) theatre over this period, although when working overnight they would be responsible for performing urgent operations with consultant input as necessary. The total number of cases performed was 54 ( Hartmann''s procedure Our experience shows that despite the significant changes to surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic, the possibility of operative training remains. As a result, within our unit, it has been possible for trainees to maintain some regular operating and training. There has been a measurable effect on training; less operating, more emergency driven case mix and a predominantly open approach. Although there has been the opportunity to operate, this is not a substitute for full-time training and we anticipate that this exceptional period will result in the majority of trainees having to extend their training. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32662537/ doi: 10.1002/bjs.11801 id: cord-302526-g70hhisy author: English, W. title: Investigation and management of suspected appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-13 words: 664.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302526-g70hhisy.txt summary: authors: English, W.; Habib Bedwani, N.; Smith, C.; Shatkar, V. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread change to the organization and delivery of emergency general surgery services in the United Kingdom 1,2 . We prospectively collected data on the investigation and management of patients with suspected appendicitis between 26 March and 6 May 2020. We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing appendicectomy (28 February -25 March 2020) to compare our operative approach and histology. Our primary outcome was to determine if SARS CoV-2 diagnosis altered the management of appendicitis, secondary outcomes included; negative appendicectomy rate (NAR), length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate. There was a difference in LOS between patients undergoing conservative versus operative management for appendicitis (1 versus 3 days; P = 0⋅066 non-significant). The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented demand on health services demonstrating a need for data on its effect on surgical care and outcomes 6 . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32658307/ doi: 10.1002/bjs.11787 id: cord-344715-i7qxe40b author: Entress, Rebecca title: Managing Mass Fatalities during COVID‐19: Lessons for Promoting Community Resilience During Global Pandemics date: 2020-05-19 words: 3742.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344715-i7qxe40b.txt summary: This article concludes by providing governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities to facilitate and promote community resilience. For example, when one Detroit hospital reached morgue capacity, bodies of COVID-19 victims were stacked in empty hospital rooms, without regard for how those deceased and their family members expected bodies to be treated following death (Young, Carpenter, and Murphy 2020) . To address the issue, areas throughout the United States, including New York, Louisiana, and Florida prepared for mass fatalities by using refrigerated trailers as temporary morgues to hold bodies of patients deceased from COVID-19 (Hirt and Priest 2020; Similar to COVID-19, following the Haiti earthquake, the deceased were buried in mass graves and family members sorted through bodies to identify loved ones (McEntire, Sadiq, and Gupta 2012). Drawing from one of the author''s experience during the Haiti earthquake, this viewpoint article provides governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities during the COVID-19 pandemic to better facilitate and promote community resilience. abstract: In the United States and around the world, COVID‐19 represents a mass fatality incident, as there are more bodies than can be handled using existing resources. Although the management and disposition of bodies is distressing and heartrending, it is a task that local, state, and federal governments must plan for and respond to collaboratively with the private sector and faith‐based community. When mass fatalities are mismanaged, there are grave emotional and mental health consequences that can delay recovery and undermine community resilience. Using insights from one of the author's mass fatality management research during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, this article explores how mass fatalities are being managed in response to COVID‐19. Based on the researcher's findings a decade ago, it is apparent that many lessons have not been learnt. This article concludes by providing governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities to facilitate and promote community resilience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836441/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13232 id: cord-295113-2c4o4hd6 author: Enwemeka, Chukuka Samuel title: Light as a potential treatment for pandemic coronavirus infections: A perspective date: 2020-05-01 words: 4443.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295113-2c4o4hd6.txt summary: This paper cites several studies showing that phototherapy has immense potential to reduce the impact of coronavirus diseases, and offers suggested ways that the healthcare industry can integrate modern light technologies in the fight against COVID-19 and other infections. Furthermore, as detailed below, laboratory experiments show that red and near infrared light, with wavelengths approximately in the range of 600 -700 nm and 700 -1000 nm respectively, have the potential to reduce lung J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof inflammation and fibrosis, and hence acute respiratory disorder syndrome, a major cause of death in every coronavirus pandemic, including the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic. Antimicrobial blue light may serve another useful purpose in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic; it could be used effectively to sanitize equipment, tools, hospital facilities, emergency care vehicles, homes, and the general environment as pilot studies have shown [54] [55] [56] . abstract: The recent outbreak of COVID-19, which continues to ravage communities with high death tolls and untold psychosocial and catastrophic economic consequences, is a vivid reminder of nature's capacity to defy contemporary healthcare. The pandemic calls for rapid mobilization of every potential clinical tool, including phototherapy—one of the most effective treatments used to reduce the impact of the 1918 “Spanish influenza” pandemic. This paper cites several studies showing that phototherapy has immense potential to reduce the impact of coronavirus diseases, and offers suggested ways that the healthcare industry can integrate modern light technologies in the fight against COVID-19 and other infections. The evidence shows that violet/blue (400–470 nm) light is antimicrobial against numerous bacteria, and that it accounts for Niels Ryberg Finsen's Nobel-winning treatment of tuberculosis. Further evidence shows that blue light inactivates several viruses, including the common flu coronavirus, and that in experimental animals, red and near infrared light reduce respiratory disorders, similar to those complications associated with coronavirus infection. Moreover, in patients, red light has been shown to alleviate chronic obstructive lung disease and bronchial asthma. These findings call for urgent efforts to further explore the clinical value of light, and not wait for another pandemic to serve as a reminder. The ubiquity of inexpensive light emitting lasers and light emitting diodes (LEDs), makes it relatively easy to develop safe low-cost light-based devices with the potential to reduce infections, sanitize equipment, hospital facilities, emergency care vehicles, homes, and the general environment as pilot studies have shown. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1011134420303419 doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111891 id: cord-282085-r3w90vg8 author: Epperly, D. E. title: COVID-19 Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, And Severity : A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates date: 2020-10-05 words: 5519.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282085-r3w90vg8.txt summary: This study uses measured amounts of SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients from a published and peer-reviewed study and known Influenza A challenge doses from a published and peer-reviewed study and known ASHRAE Office Ventilation standards and an Outdoor Air Exchange model to estimate the time necessary to cause various exposure levels and resulting infection potential in various indoor and outdoor settings of both Influenza A and COVID-19. The estimates in this study also present an initial framework and specific quantitative examples for better understanding of the effects of ventilation on aerosolized transmission, and the immunology related to challenge doses, and the potential for low-level viral load exposure to result in some level of immunity without symptoms of illness (asymptomatic infection). abstract: It is desirable to better characterize and understand how ventilation improvements in office spaces could offer significant protection against transmission of COVID-19. It is also desirable to understand how ventilation in office spaces compares to outdoor settings. An attempt to find this information from online searches that included medical journals, private industry, and US government provided materials failed to find specific quantitative estimates and recommendations, which motivated this study. This study uses measured amounts of SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients from a published and peer-reviewed study and known Influenza A challenge doses from a published and peer-reviewed study and known ASHRAE Office Ventilation standards and an Outdoor Air Exchange model to estimate the time necessary to cause various exposure levels and resulting infection potential in various indoor and outdoor settings of both Influenza A and COVID-19. While these estimations have unknown error margins and cannot be considered authoritative, they may have utility in comparing various environments and relative risk factors. The estimates in this study also present an initial framework and specific quantitative examples for better understanding of the effects of ventilation on aerosolized transmission, and the immunology related to challenge doses, and the potential for low-level viral load exposure to result in some level of immunity without symptoms of illness (asymptomatic infection). Specific quantitative examples of exposure viral load versus symptoms and immune response may Increase public understanding and consciousness of concepts such as viral load, exposure time, challenge dose levels, shedding quantities, immune seroconversion, and re-challenge and could achieve new levels of personal hygiene that complement centuries-old adages such as wash your hands. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.03.20206110v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.03.20206110 id: cord-302939-z0071rwa author: Erdeve, Ömer title: The Turkish Neonatal Society proposal for the management of COVID-19 in the neonatal intensive care unit date: 2020-06-19 words: 3955.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302939-z0071rwa.txt summary: • NICUs should prepare emergency plans for COVID-19 to ensure the optimal management of potential victims • The assigned team should coordinate the hospitalization and maintenance of the patient with suspected COVID-19 • In the presence of high-risk factors, it is recommended that the newborn should be admitted and taken into an isolation ward in the NICU as soon as possible • Samples of the patient should be taken by staff that is trained and designated by the NICU • Newborns may be born prematurely and the most common non-specific initial symptoms include respiratory distress, shortness of breath, cyanosis, increased heart rate, lethargy, fever, feeding intolerance and vomiting • The SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected in breast milk, but the choice to breastfeed should be the mother''s and the families • There is no effective anti-coronavirus treatment yet and treatment is generally supportive abstract: Due to immaturity of immune function and the possibility of mother-fetal vertical and aerosol transmissions, neonates are particularly susceptible to the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Perinatal-neonatal departments should cooperate closely and take integrated approaches, and neonatal intensive care units (NICU) should prepare emergency plans for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as far as possible, so as to ensure the optimal management and treatment of potential victims. During the epidemic of COVID-19, the emergency response plan for the NICU should be based on the actual situation, including diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, as well as available equipment and staffing, and take into account the psychosocial needs of the families and neonatal care staff. In this context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Turkish Neonatal Society has proposed a protocol with the evidence available at the time of preparation to handle neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infections and outbreaks in NICUs. We hope that this proposal can provide valuable information so medical workers do not have to enter the battlefield alone. At this moment, sharing resources, experiences and lessons, regardless of who you are, is our only chance to win. url: https://doi.org/10.14744/turkpediatriars.2020.43788 doi: 10.14744/turkpediatriars.2020.43788 id: cord-311043-nidu7om2 author: Erdinc, Burak title: Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Bleed Coincided With Massive Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis as Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 2081.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311043-nidu7om2.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause a hypercoagulable state resulting in acute thrombotic events, including venous thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute limb ischemia, and clotting of ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) catheters. We herein present a case of a patient with COVID-19 complicated by spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding and massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which was later complicated by compartment syndrome. This case emphasizes that COVID-19 induced hypercoagulable state can cause massive thrombosis, and patients might need anticoagulation therapy. It is quite interesting that our patient presented with spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding and also massive DVT causing compartment syndrome. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a high tendency to develop hypercoagulable state and its acute thrombotic complications affecting different organ systems in critically ill patients. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has caused a global pandemic and unfortunately has caused a health crisis. When severe, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest with bilateral pneumonia and hypoxemic respiratory failure but also can affect different organ systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to cause a hypercoagulable state resulting in acute thrombotic events, including venous thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute limb ischemia, and clotting of ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and CRRT (continuous renal replacement therapy) catheters. Even though it commonly causes thrombotic complications, bleeding complications of COVID-19 due to coagulopathy and use of anticoagulation are less commonly reported. We herein present a case of a patient with COVID-19 complicated by spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding and massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which was later complicated by compartment syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, coexistence of spontaneous bleeding with massive DVT has not been reported in the current literature. This case emphasizes that COVID-19 induced hypercoagulable state can cause massive thrombosis, and patients might need anticoagulation therapy. However, clinicians should also consider the risk of hemorrhagic complications of the disease and be cautious when administering anticoagulant therapy in selected cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953290/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9772 id: cord-283368-j2vjylum author: Erika, Poggiali title: Triage decision-making at the time of COVID-19 infection: the Piacenza strategy date: 2020-05-09 words: 1331.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283368-j2vjylum.txt summary: Unfortunately, with the global and severe spread of COVID-19 and the dramatically increased number of infected patients in Piacenza, despite being a relatively small city, our hospital became one of the epicentres of the Italian epidemic with 2276 cases and 447 deaths at this moment. Data reported in the literature confirmed that lung US gives results like chest CT scan and superior to chest X-ray in patients with According to the current appraisal of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. Our experience demonstrates that in the epidemic phase of COVID-19, diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is a real challenge for emergency physicians and point-of-care lung US can help us to early detect pulmonary and pleural findings in patients without respiratory symptoms and/or fever. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385627/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02350-y id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn author: Erokhin, Vasilii title: Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries date: 2020-08-10 words: 13008.0 sentences: 669.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt summary: The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto''s causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. According to the FAO [2] , out of 65 developing economies and LDCs where recent adverse impacts of the economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic on food security have been strongest, 52 countries rely heavily on agricultural imports. (3) revealing the impacts of food inflation and currency exchange volatilities amid the global health crisis on economic access to food in domestic markets; and (4) detailing the analysis of above-mentioned health, food security, trade, and economic parameters across an array of developing economies and LDCs. The approach employed in this study is to assess the relationships between the food security parameter, on one side, and health and macroeconomic variables that affect availability and access pillars of food security, on the other. abstract: The stability of food supply chains is crucial to the food security of people around the world. Since the beginning of 2020, this stability has been undergoing one of the most vigorous pressure tests ever due to the COVID-19 outbreak. From a mere health issue, the pandemic has turned into an economic threat to food security globally in the forms of lockdowns, economic decline, food trade restrictions, and rising food inflation. It is safe to assume that the novel health crisis has badly struck the least developed and developing economies, where people are particularly vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition. However, due to the recency of the COVID-19 problem, the impacts of macroeconomic fluctuations on food insecurity have remained scantily explored. In this study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing interactions between the food security status of people and the dynamics of COVID-19 cases, food trade, food inflation, and currency volatilities. The study was performed in the cases of 45 developing economies distributed to three groups by the level of income. The consecutive application of the autoregressive distributed lag method, Yamamoto’s causality test, and variance decomposition analysis allowed the authors to find the food insecurity effects of COVID-19 to be more perceptible in upper-middle-income economies than in the least developed countries. In the latter, food security risks attributed to the emergence of the health crisis were mainly related to economic access to adequate food supply (food inflation), whereas in higher-income developing economies, availability-sided food security risks (food trade restrictions and currency depreciation) were more prevalent. The approach presented in this paper contributes to the establishment of a methodology framework that may equip decision-makers with up-to-date estimations of health crisis effects on economic parameters of food availability and access to staples in food-insecure communities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785155/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165775 id: cord-327842-5h54azyy author: Ertan, Deniz title: COVID-19: urgency for distancing from domestic violence date: 2020-09-04 words: 2963.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327842-5h54azyy.txt summary: Several countries have reported a significant increase in domestic violence cases since the COVID-19-induced lockdowns and physical distancing measures were implemented. The COVID-19 health crisis is exacerbating another pre-existing public health problem by increasing the severity and frequency of domestic violence, thus demonstrating the need to adopt significant and long-term measures. METHODS: This paper describes preventive measures and action plans to combat violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the United Nations Women policy brief, a significant increase in violence against women and children (VAWC) cases has been reported in several countries since the COVID-19-induced lockdown and physical distancing measures have been implemented (UN Women, 2020) . In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the confinement measures may have amplified this increased risk of VAWC. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of preventive measures and action plans to combat domestic violence. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although COVID-19 is a major worldwide health threat, there is another global public health emergency that is becoming a growing challenge. Domestic violence is a public health and human rights issue that primarily affects women and children worldwide. Several countries have reported a significant increase in domestic violence cases since the COVID-19-induced lockdowns and physical distancing measures were implemented. The COVID-19 health crisis is exacerbating another pre-existing public health problem by increasing the severity and frequency of domestic violence, thus demonstrating the need to adopt significant and long-term measures. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, it is urgently necessary to promote and increase actions and policies to guarantee the safety and dignity of all victims of domestic violence worldwide. METHODS: This paper describes preventive measures and action plans to combat violence against women and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The prevention of domestic violence must indeed be every government’s priority and every citizen’s responsibility. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1800245 doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1800245 id: cord-349008-x750xe8n author: Ertl-Wagner, Birgit B. title: Preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary pediatric radiology department date: 2020-06-03 words: 6373.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349008-x750xe8n.txt summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495178/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04704-2 id: cord-253431-fjds5cdr author: Erukainure, Ochuko L. title: Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae) date: 2020-11-03 words: 6198.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253431-fjds5cdr.txt summary: title: Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. Ligand-protein interactions between viral protein (SARS-CoV-2 spike protein), the host receptor target (ACE2) and Harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside are presented in Figures 5-7 . Harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside displayed a good binding in complex with the host receptor target, initiation and termination sequence of the viral spike protein messenger RNA compared to all studied standard drugs with binding affinities of À7.5, À6.4 and 6.3 kcal mol À1 respectively (Table 5) . In the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 and the potentials of harpagide 5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, a new iridoid glycoside isolated from C. At molecular level, the viral envelope spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor within the host are central to COVID-19 pathogenesis and response to therapeutic interventions among other biological factors . abstract: The global spread of the coronavirus infections disease − 2019 (COVID-19) and the search for new drugs from natural products particularly from plants are receiving much attention recently. In this study, the therapeutic potential of a new iridoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum volubile against COVID-19 was investigated. Harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HG) was isolated, characterised and investigated for its druglikeness, optimized geometry, and pharmacokinetics properties. Its immunomodulatory was determined by chemiluminescence assay using polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in addition to T-cell proliferation assay. In silico analysis was used in determining its molecular interaction with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). HG displayed potent druglikeness properties, with no inhibitory effect on cytochrome P(450) (1A2, 2C19, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4) and a predicted LD(50) of 2000 mg/kg. Its (1)H-NMR chemical shifts showed a little deviation of 0.01 and 0.11 ppm for H-4 and H-9, respectively. HG significantly suppressed oxidative bursts in PMNs, while concomitantly inhibiting T-cell proliferation. It also displayed a very strong binding affinity with the translation initiation and termination sequence sites of spike (S) protein mRNA of SARS-COV-2, its gene product, and host ACE2 receptor. These results suggest the immunomodulatory properties and anti-SARS-COV-2 potentials of HG which can be explored in the treatment and management of COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439 id: cord-280043-bm0qkrod author: Esagian, Stepan M. title: Challenges in Abdominal Organ Transplantation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 4217.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280043-bm0qkrod.txt summary: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, abdominal organ transplantation programs are currently facing multiple challenges. According to the report of the first case series from China, a significant proportion of patients (23.7%) suffered from comorbidities, which are commonly seen in abdominal transplant candidates, including hypertension (15.0%), diabetes mellitus (7.2%), hepatitis B infection (2.1%), cancer (0.9%), chronic kidney disease (0.7%) and immunodeficiency (0.2%) (7) . Although data for abdominal organ transplant candidates and recipients are still limited, emerging reports have indicated that these patients may present with atypical COVID-19 manifestations. These guidelines address three potential standpoints the epidemic confronts transplantation systems with; first, the risk of donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 infection, which although has not been reported thus far in neither organ or blood product recipients, extensive donor screening protocols have been implemented in many transplant centers in pandemic areas. abstract: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, abdominal organ transplantation programs are currently facing multiple challenges. Transplant candidates and recipients are considered high-risk populations for severe disease and death due to COVID-19 as a result of their numerous underlying comorbidities, advanced age and impaired immune function. Emerging reports of atypical and delayed clinical presentations in these patients generate further concerns for widespread disease transmission to medical personnel and the community. The striking similarities between COVID-19 and other outbreaks that took place over the past two decades, like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, highlight the severity of the situation and dictate that extra measures should be taken by the transplant programs to avoid adverse outcomes. Transplant organizations are currently calling for strict screening and isolation protocols to be established in all transplant programs, for both organ donors and recipients. As the situation escalates, more radical measures might be necessary, including a temporary hold on non-urgent transplantations, resulting in serious ethical dilemmas between the survival of these patients and the safety of the community. Further data about these special populations could result in more individualized guidelines for abdominal organ transplantation in the era of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00287 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00287 id: cord-266932-567lbktm author: Escalard, Simon title: Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-19 words: 1439.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266932-567lbktm.txt summary: title: Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients METHODS: We performed a comparative cohort study between patients with COVID-19 who had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging within 3 hours from onset, in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak and a control group admitted during the same calendar period in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 had more severe strokes than patients without COVID-19, with a significantly lower clot burden score (median: 6.5 versus 8, P=0.016), higher rate of multivessel occlusion (50% versus 8.8%, P=0.005), lower DWI-ASPECTS (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scores; median: 5 versus 8, P=0.006), and higher infarct core volume (median: 58 versus 6 mL, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Early brain imaging showed higher severity large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. Early brain imaging showed higher severity of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reports are emerging regarding the association of acute ischemic strokes with large vessel occlusion and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a higher severity of these patients could be expected from the addition of both respiratory and neurological injury, COVID-19 patients with strokes can present with mild or none respiratory symptoms. We aimed to compare anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes severity between patients with and without COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a comparative cohort study between patients with COVID-19 who had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging within 3 hours from onset, in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak and a control group admitted during the same calendar period in 2019. RESULTS: Twelve COVID-19 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging were included during the study period and compared with 34 control patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging in 2019. Patients in the COVID-19 group were younger (P=0.032) and had a history of diabetes mellitus more frequently (P=0.039). Patients did not significantly differ on initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale nor time from onset to imaging (P=0.18 and P=0.6, respectively). Patients with COVID-19 had more severe strokes than patients without COVID-19, with a significantly lower clot burden score (median: 6.5 versus 8, P=0.016), higher rate of multivessel occlusion (50% versus 8.8%, P=0.005), lower DWI-ASPECTS (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scores; median: 5 versus 8, P=0.006), and higher infarct core volume (median: 58 versus 6 mL, P=0.004). Successful recanalization rate was similar in both groups (P=0.767). In-hospital mortality was higher in the COVID-19 patients’ group (41.7% versus 11.8%, P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Early brain imaging showed higher severity large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. Given the massive number of infected patients, concerns should be raised about the coming neurovascular impact of the pandemic worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813602/ doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031011 id: cord-335653-t3pvm8f9 author: Escalon, Miguel X. title: The immediate impact of the Coronavirus pandemic and resulting adaptations in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation medical education and practice date: 2020-07-23 words: 4922.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335653-t3pvm8f9.txt summary: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused PM&R to revisit traditional routines in medical education and adapt to new practices to enhance educational experiences while still maintaining safe social distance between physicians, trainees and patients. In an attempt to capture the mood and environment of the time, and inform the survey, the investigators compiled experiences and feelings of COVID-19''s effects on the landscape of the field of physiatry from persons committed to the field: a medical student, an intern, a resident, a residency program director and a department chair. The survey was designed to provide a series of questions customized to the responder''s level of education (Medical Student, Intern, Resident/Fellow or Attending Physician). While some PM&R residents, including many in New York City, would ultimately participate in acute medical care of persons with COVID-19 due to high disease burden on their institutions, 3 the majority of the country shifted their focus to inpatient rehabilitation and remote clinical management, as evidenced by our survey results. abstract: Since the first reported case of Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in the United States in January 2020, substantial changes to medical education have taken place secondary to the demands, chaos, and uncertainty related to the pandemic. The involvement of medical students, residents and fellows in COVID‐19 care has and continues to vary by specialty and regions across the country. Our goal was to learn more about how COVID‐19 has impacted Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) training and practice across the country. To do so, real time, in‐depth experiences and opinions from persons within, or committed, to PM&R were pooled and this information was used to inform the creation of an anonymous survey that was distributed online to the PM&R community. 501 people completed the survey, 178 (35.5%) attending physicians, 183 (36.5%) residents and fellows, 29 (5.8%) interns, and 111 (22.2%) medical students. The survey results explore the impact of the global crisis on patient care and education in the field of PM&R. The adaptation from traditional patient care to telehealth was notable with 86.5% of physiatrists practicing via telemedicine during the pandemic. There was also a massive shift of education to virtual didactics with 92.5% of residents participating in virtual learning. The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused PM&R to revisit traditional routines in medical education and adapt to new practices to enhance educational experiences while still maintaining safe social distance between physicians, trainees and patients. Based on the survey results, the adaptations the PM&R community has made have provided a diversified, easily accessible platform for medical students, physiatrists‐in‐training and physiatrists across the country that has been full of innovation and collaboration between residencies and national organizations. We foresee continued, successful adoption of these new educational platforms and the use of telemedicine to enhance medical education and patient care post COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32700368/ doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12455 id: cord-350375-07l9hqsr author: Escher, Allan R title: An Ounce of Prevention: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Mass Gatherings date: 2020-03-20 words: 1001.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350375-07l9hqsr.txt summary: Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of their citizens. In response to the current global health event, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Mass gatherings present a historic challenge in protecting the health and safety of attendees. Global sporting events, such as the Olympics and the World Cup, pose unique health risks to attendees and host nations. The WHO defines a mass gathering as a "concentration of people at a specific location for a specific purpose over a set period of time which has the potential to strain the planning and response resources of the country or community" [3] . In response, the WHO recently published, "Key planning recommendations for Mass Gatherings in the context of the current COVID-19 outbreak (Interim guidance)" [1] . World Health Organization: Public Health for Mass gatherings: Key Considerations abstract: Widespread, non-stop, and often sensational coverage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has caught many governments flat-footed in efforts to protect the health and safety of their citizens. In response to the current global health event, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Mass gatherings present a historic challenge in protecting the health and safety of attendees. The majority of the prominent mass gatherings are religious in nature. Global sporting events, such as the Olympics and the World Cup, pose unique health risks to attendees and host nations. Deferment or cancellation of such mass gatherings may exert an extraordinary economic loss to the host nation. Universal adoption of best practices for infection control is the surest way for governments to prepare for mass gatherings. In these uncertain times, it is up to intergovernmental organizations to be the voice of reason. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7345 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7345 id: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author: Escher, Felicitas title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 words: 3813.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt summary: Accordingly, we prospectively analysed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from a cohort of 104 samples of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart disease for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and hints for histopathological injury. Up to 8 EMBs each of 104 patients [mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female] with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed between 3 February and 26 March 2020 in German clinical centres in accordance with SARS-CoV2 spread in Germany. In this study, we established for the first time the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in 5 of 104 EMBs of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure. Our finding of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in EMBs of patients suffering from myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy cannot rule out or confirm the infection of cardiac cells but revealed incremental insights into organ-specific infection of SARS-CoV-2 using possibly macrophage migration as a shuttle from the lung to the heart. abstract: AIMS: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has spread rapidly throughout China and keeps the world in suspense. Cardiovascular complications with myocarditis and embolism due to COVID‐19 have been reported. SARS‐CoV‐2 genome detection in the heart muscle has not been demonstrated so far, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of 104 patients (mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female) with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed. EMB analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, and detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the IKDT Berlin, Germany. Among 104 EMBs investigated, five were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected by reverse real‐time transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We describe patients of different history of symptoms and time duration. Additionally, we investigated histopathological changes in myocardial tissue showing that the inflammatory process in EMBs seemed to permeate vascular wall leading to small arterial obliteration and damage. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that established the evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes detection in EMBs. In these patients, myocardial injury ischaemia may play a role, which could explain the ubiquitous troponin increases. EMB‐based identification of the cause of myocardial injury may contribute to explain the different evolution of complicated SARS‐CoV‐2‐infection and to design future specific and personalized treatment strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32529795/ doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12805 id: cord-293136-lfwqzf8m author: Escosa‐García, Luis title: Ten key points about COVID‐19 in children: the shadows on the wall date: 2020-08-13 words: 3631.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293136-lfwqzf8m.txt summary: It was initially named Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PIMS) temporally associated with COVID-19 by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) 18 To date, some cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported 27 28 . Recent data from a German study indicate that viral loads in the very young (age group 0-6 years) do not significantly differ from those of adults 44 To put it briefly, SARS-CoV-2 PCR of nasopharyngeal swab is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for acute COVID-19 disease. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center''s observational study Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units abstract: The pandemic of the new coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), initially described in China, is challenging the healthcare systems of all countries. Every emerging disease raises many questions with a scarcity of answers since all its characteristics are still being discovered. In the case of SARS‐CoV‐2, most of the literature comes from adult patients. Children seem to be less affected. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 disease usually suffer a mild illness, with low risk of complications or mortality. Defining the role of children in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical as some national infection control decisions involving children, such as school closures or social distancing, will probably impact the dynamics of the virus. To aid in the knowledge on COVID‐19 in children, this work presents an expert review of the literature published from January 1 to April 20, 2020, including peer‐reviewed and pre‐print non‐peer‐reviewed studies, along with some relevant articles afterwards, summarizing ten key points that characterize the disease in children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25025 doi: 10.1002/ppul.25025 id: cord-354866-5yzalrri author: Esenwa, Charles title: The effect of COVID-19 on stroke hospitalizations in New York City date: 2020-07-13 words: 1533.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354866-5yzalrri.txt summary: During the baseline period up to February 25, 2020, the daily stroke admission rate was stable, with the slope of the regression describing the number of admissions over time equal to -0.33 (se = 1.21), not significantly different from 0 (p = 0.79), with daily admissions averaging 41. During the baseline period, the weekly stroke admission rate was stable, with the slope of the regression describing the number of admissions over time equal to -0.33 (se = 1.21) which does not significantly differ from 0 (p = 0.79). During the pandemic period, the number of arriving acute strokes decreased an average of 4.4 per week (i.e., the slope was -4.4, with se = 1.00), which differs significantly from 0 (p=0.005), with weekly admissions averaging 23, a 44% reduction versus baseline. abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on stroke care and the impact of the epidemic on acute stroke hospitalizations has not been described. METHODS: We analyze the stroke admission rate in three hospitals in New York City from January 1, 2020 through April 17, 2020, identifying all cases of acute ischemic stroke, intraparenchymal hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. RESULTS: We confirmed 518 cases of out-of-hospital stroke. During the baseline period up to February 25, 2020, the daily stroke admission rate was stable, with the slope of the regression describing the number of admissions over time equal to -0.33 (se = 1.21), not significantly different from 0 (p = 0.79), with daily admissions averaging 41. During the pandemic period, the slope was -4.4 (se = 1.00); i.e., the number of stroke admissions decreased an average of 4.4 per week, (p = 0.005), with weekly admissions averaging 23, a reduction of 44% versus baseline. This general result was not different by patient age, sex, or race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: The weekly stroke admission rate started declining two weeks prior to the local surge of coronavirus admissions. The consequences of lack of diagnosis and treatment of a large proportion of acute stroke patients are likely severe and lasting. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105114 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105114 id: cord-253800-cdyiwru9 author: Eshraghi, Adrien A. title: Potential Mechanisms for COVID-19 Induced Anosmia and Dysgeusia date: 2020-09-16 words: 2501.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253800-cdyiwru9.txt summary: While fever, cough, and dyspnea are common symptoms, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (dysgeusia) are increasingly reported in asymptomatic individuals that later test positive for COVID-19. In addition, anosmia and dysgeusia also present in cases of head trauma and as rare side effects of common medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and intranasal zinc (Malaty and Malaty, 2013; Schofield and Doty, 2019) . There is also a possibility that stem and other cells of taste buds express COVID-19 receptors leading to direct infection, cell death, and gustatory dysfunction (Xu et al., 2020) . Thus, objective measurements of dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients are urgently needed to validate and quantify this association.Gustatory function can be evaluated using a validated test where patients rate taste intensity of standardized salty, sweet, sour, and bitter solutions on a scorecard (Landis et al., 2009; Doty, 2018; Vaira et al., 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041842/ doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01039 id: cord-262249-9jutus1c author: Eshraghian, Ahad title: Reduced rate of hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities during the initial COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-29 words: 761.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262249-9jutus1c.txt summary: We analysed hospital admissions for liver-related morbidities between Feb 19, 2020 (the date of the first confirmed patient with COVID-19 in the country), and April 30, 2020. The Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score for patients with cirrhosis admitted during the COVID-19 outbreak was 17·07 (SD 4·05) versus 15·18 (3·45) during the control time period (p<0·001). The mean admission rates for gastrointestinal bleeding (IRR 2·50, 95% CI 1·34-4·64), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (1·78, 1·02-3·13), hepatic encephalopathy (1·94, 1·12-3·38) and hepatorenal syndrome (1·95, 1·18-3·23) were significantly lower during the COVID-19 outbreak than in the corresponding control period in the previous year (appendix p 2). Our results showed a significant decrease in the number of hospital admissions for liver-related disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the control period in the previous year at a large hepatobiliary referral centre. Additionally, our results suggest that MELD scores for patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to hospital and the mean duration of hospital stay were higher during the COVID-19 outbreak than the control period. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30207-7 doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30207-7 id: cord-288025-skkpkqw6 author: Eslami, Hadi title: The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-15 words: 4860.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288025-skkpkqw6.txt summary: Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. This study aimed to investigate the effect and role of various factors, including environmental factors (climate change, water transfer, air, and food), disinfection of surfaces, and hands in the transmission and prevalence of COVID-19 pandemics. The most well-known methods of surface disinfection to remove SARS-CoV-2 virus are, in short, the use of ethyl alcohol (62-70%), or hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) or sodium hypochlorite (0.1%, dilution ratio 1 to 50) with a contact time of 1 min (Henwood 2020; WHO 2014) . abstract: The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in more than 250 countries has become a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. The results of studies on the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 on different levels showed that the resistance of this virus on smooth surfaces was higher than others. Temperature increase and sunlight can facilitate the destruction of SARS-COV-2 and the stability of it on surfaces. When the minimum ambient air temperature increases by 1 °C, the cumulative number of cases decreases by 0.86%. According to the latest evidence, the presence of coronavirus in the sewer has been confirmed, but there is no evidence that it is transmitted through sewage or contaminated drinking water. Also, SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease. According to the latest studies, the possibility of transmitting SARS-COV-2 bioaerosol through the air has been reported in the internal environment of ophthalmology. The results additionally show that infectious bio-aerosols can move up to 6 feet. There have been no reports of SARS-COV-2 transmission by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01028-0 doi: 10.1186/s13568-020-01028-0 id: cord-262954-saqo900k author: Esme, Mert title: Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey date: 2020-09-01 words: 4857.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262954-saqo900k.txt summary: In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, though they are responsible for 31% of infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and 80% of deaths caused by . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) occurred in China in December 2019 and has spread globally. In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with confirmed COVID-19 from March 11, 2020, to May 27, 2020 using nationwide health database. RESULTS: In this nationwide cohort, a total of 16942 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 were enrolled, of whom 8635 (51%) were women. Mean age was 71.2 ± 8.5 years, ranging from 60 to 113 years. Mortality rate before and after curfew was statistically different (32.2% vs 17.9%; p & 0.001, respectively). Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. In addition to abovementioned risk factors, in patients aged between 60-79 years, coronary artery disease, oxygen support need, total number of drugs, and cerebrovascular disease during hospitalization, and in patients 80 years of age and older acute coronary syndrome during hospitalization were also associated with increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the results of previous studies with smaller sample size, our results confirmed the age-related relationship between specific comorbidities and COVID-19 related mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa219 doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa219 id: cord-354472-zixnvehs author: Esposito, A. title: Why is chest CT important for early diagnosis of COVID-19? Prevalence matters date: 2020-04-01 words: 2580.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354472-zixnvehs.txt summary: In our routine daily practice in Lombardy region, the epicenters of COVID-19 epidemics in Italy, CT imaging resulted pervasively altered in COVID-19 patients, even in the early stages of the disease, exactly as widely reported from the recent COVID-19 outbreak in China 6, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] As a matter of fact, chest CT has been included among the diagnostic criteria during the most rampant phase of epidemic spreading in Wuhan 16 . A more informative approach to measure the effective performance of a diagnostic test used to screen a given population, e.g. patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, should measure the fraction of true positive and true negative patients correctly identified among all the positive and negative results, hence the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in 62 Patients in Wuhan, China abstract: SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is a global pandemic disease (COVID-19). Reaching a swift, reliable diagnosis of COVID-19 in the emergency departments is imperative to direct patients to proper care and to prevent disease dissemination. COVID-19 diagnosis is based on the identification of viral RNA through RT-PCR from oral-nasopharyngeal swabs, which however presents suboptimal sensitivity and may require several hours in overstressed laboratories. These drawbacks have called for an additional, complementary first line approach. CT is the gold standard method for the detection of interstitial pneumonia, a hallmark feature of COVID-19, often present in the asymptomatic stage of the disease. Here, we show that CT scan presents a sensitivity of 95.48% (std.err=0.35%), vastly outperforming RT-PCR. Additionally, as diagnostic accuracy is influenced by disease prevalence, we argue that predictive values provide a more precise measure of CT reliability in the current pandemics. We generated a model showing that CT scan is endowed with a high negative predictive value (> 90%) and positive predictive value (69 - 84%), for the range of prevalence seen in countries with rampant dissemination. We conclude that CT is an expedite and reliable diagnostic tool to support first line triage of suspect COVID-19 patients in areas where the diffusion of the virus is widespread. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047985 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047985 id: cord-341175-rks0l0q0 author: Essa, Musthafa Mohamed title: Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 words: 817.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341175-rks0l0q0.txt summary: 4 Until the development of vaccines and better therapeutics, there is an urgent need for strategies to control respiratory infection and to boost immune functions for patients suffering from COVID-19. Dietary fatty acids affecting the pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested to affect the metabolic fate of Trp. Tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin have the capacity to improve the immune system and reduce inflammation in various conditions. [7] [8] [9] Here, we discuss the potential of using tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin to boost the immune system in fighting COVID-19 infection (see Figure 1) . Increasing evidence from several studies show that tryptophan and its metabolites including melatonin can reduce inflammatory reactions and enhance the immune system. [7] [8] [9] There may also be a possibility that serotonin levels are altered in COVID-19 patients because of mental stress, which suggest a role for Trp in treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32913393/ doi: 10.1177/1178646920951832 id: cord-274554-vtg6l651 author: Essadek, Aziz title: Mental health of French students during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 846.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274554-vtg6l651.txt summary: This study evaluates the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of 8004 French students in the East part of France, which has been the first and hardest hit region by the Covid-19 pandemic. This is, to our knowledge, the largest study conducted on mental health of students during the pandemic. A significant proportion of students might require psychological support, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the epidemic and confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Three mental health scales, previously validated in French, were used to measure the level of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9 ≥ 10), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7 ≥ 7) and distress (Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R ≥ 26). Conclusion: A significant proportion of students probably required psychological support during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the virus and the confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms 10 . abstract: This study evaluates the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of 8004 French students in the East part of France, which has been the first and hardest hit region by the Covid-19 pandemic. This is, to our knowledge, the largest study conducted on mental health of students during the pandemic. Our results show that students suffer from particularly high level of anxiety, depression and distress. A significant proportion of students might require psychological support, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the epidemic and confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.042 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.042 id: cord-304313-nuz5yvht author: Esser, Charlotte title: COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed! date: 2020-06-05 words: 1182.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304313-nuz5yvht.txt summary: A literature search and the authors'' own interests immediately identify a number of areas, where toxicological and environmental health issues arise, and such expertise is necessary. The toxic effects of smoking are a long-term area of research for toxicologists, and there are hard-core toxicological mechanisms to be discovered and addressed here, such as the role of oxidative stress, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, and latent inflammatory responses. A possible contribution of high air pollution exposure to disease severity, for instance, due to its pro-inflammatory effects and the respiratory or cardiac damage it causes, was pointed out by Italian researchers, whose data suggest such a link (Fattorini and Regoli 2020) for Northern Italy, or by American and Chinese researchers for California and Wuhan, respectively. Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504123/ doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02803-5 id: cord-344291-i5wqlzif author: Estalella, Gemma Martinez title: GESTIÓN Y LIDERAZGO DE LOS SERVICIOS DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL PLAN DE EMERGENCIA DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19: LA EXPERIENCIA DEL HOSPITAL CLÍNIC DE BARCELONA date: 2020-05-15 words: 4546.0 sentences: 406.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344291-i5wqlzif.txt summary: Lastly, it will be necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the situation and of the actions carried out in order to identify the areas for improvement as well as to evaluate the overall nature of the process Keywords: Hospital administration; clinical governance; lidership; pandemic; nursing care Introducción La crisis sanitaria generada por la pandemia del Covid-19 a nivel internacional 1,2 ha supuesto una emergencia sanitaria y social a nivel mundial que requiere una acción efectiva e inmediata de los centros asistenciales. En un esfuerzo coordinado por combatir el COVID-19 en Barcelona, el Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (HCB) en colaboración estrecha con el Departamento de Salud y otros centros clínicos, está gestionando la crisis asistencial en su ámbito territorial de Barcelona Eixample Esquerra para garantizar que los pacientes reciban los mejores cuidados posibles. abstract: Resumen A nivel internacional, la enorme demanda para gestionar la pandemia del COVID-19 ha supuesto un reto tanto en la provisión de personal cómo en suministros y material sanitario. No existe precedente ni publicaciones relacionadas con la gestión y liderazgo de los servicios de enfermería en España dentro del plan de emergencia de la pandemia COVID-19. En este artículo se describe la experiencia del Hospital Clínico de Barcelona en las circunstancias extraordinarias actuales que constituyen, sin duda, una gestión enfermera de enorme magnitud y sin precedentes debido al elevado número de personas afectadas y el extraordinario riesgo del personal sanitario. Siguiendo las orientaciones nacionales e internacionales para paliar la pandemia, proteger la salud y prevenir la propagación del brote. La capacidad de trabajo en equipo, la gestión emocional y el respeto a las decisiones organizativas han hecho posible que se hayan podido afrontar los retos que la pandemia ha puesto por delante y que desde la Dirección de Enfermería se pueda liderar de forma serena y ordenada las diferentes acciones a realizar. Por último, será necesario continuar con un profundo análisis de la situación y de las acciones desarrolladas para poder identificar las áreas de mejora, así como evaluar la globalidad del proceso. Abstract At the international level, the enormous demand to manage the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a challenge both in the provision of personnel and in supplies and sanitary material. There is no precedent or publication related to the management and leadership of nursing services in Spain within the emergency plan for the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the experience of the Hospital Clinico de Barcelona in the current extraordinary circumstances that undoubtedly constitute a nursing management of enormous magnitude and unprecedented due to the high number of people affected and the extraordinary risk of healthcare personnel. Following national and international guidelines to alleviate the pandemic, protect health and prevent the spread of the outbreak. The ability to work as a team, emotional management and respect for organizational decisions have made it possible to face the challenges that the pandemic has put in place and that the Nursing Department can lead in a calm and orderly manner the different actions to perform. Lastly, it will be necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the situation and of the actions carried out in order to identify the areas for improvement as well as to evaluate the overall nature of the process url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419770/ doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.002 id: cord-335648-lbmhprjn author: Estrich, Cameron G. title: Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists date: 2020-10-15 words: 4197.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335648-lbmhprjn.txt summary: Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. As early as March 2020, Journal of Dental Research published the infection control guidelines that dentists at Wuhan University used, 7 and, in April and May 2020, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), respectively, released interim guidance on infection control protocols and changes to the practice and office environments. In this article, we used the first month of study data to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 among US dentists and to determine the rate of compliance with CDC and ADA infection prevention and control procedures. 14, 15 Respondents who reported providing oral health care in the past month were asked about infection prevention or control procedures in their primary dental practice. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during oral health care delivery and assessing mitigation strategies for dental offices are critical to improving patient safety and access to oral health care. METHODS: The authors invited licensed US dentists practicing primarily in private practice or public health to participate in a web-based survey in June 2020. Dentists from every US state (n = 2,195) answered questions about COVID-19–associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection, mental and physical health conditions, and infection control procedures used in their primary dental practices. RESULTS: Most of the dentists (82.2%) were asymptomatic for 1 month before administration of the survey; 16.6% reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2; and 3.7%, 2.7%, and 0% tested positive via respiratory, blood, and salivary samples, respectively. Among those not tested, 0.3% received a probable COVID-19 diagnosis from a physician. In all, 20 of the 2,195 respondents had been infected with SARS-CoV-2; weighted according to age and location to approximate all US dentists, 0.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 1.5) had confirmed or probable COVID-19. Dentists reported symptoms of depression (8.6%) and anxiety (19.5%). Enhanced infection control procedures were implemented in 99.7% of dentists’ primary practices, most commonly disinfection, COVID-19 screening, social distancing, and wearing face masks. Most practicing dentists (72.8%) used personal protective equipment according to interim guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 prevalence and testing positivity rates were low among practicing US dentists. This indicates that the current infection control recommendations may be sufficient to prevent infection in dental settings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists have enhanced their infection control practices in response to COVID-19 and may benefit from greater availability of personal protective equipment. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04423770. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071007/ doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.09.005 id: cord-028972-1athnjkh author: Etemad, Hamid title: Managing uncertain consequences of a global crisis: SMEs encountering adversities, losses, and new opportunities date: 2020-07-10 words: 9177.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028972-1athnjkh.txt summary: The rapidly emerging evidence suggests that the capable, far-sighted, and innovative enterprises perceived the slow-downs, or stoppages in some cases, as an opportunity for starting, or increasing, their alternative ways of sustaining activities, including on-line and remote activities and involvements, in order to compensate for the shrinkage in their pre-COVID demands, while the short-sighted or severely resource-constrained SMEs faced the difficult decision of closure in favor of "survival or self-preservation" strategy, thus losing expansion opportunities. In short, a small firm''s potential exposure to cross-sectional and longitudinal risks and uncertainties is also likely to depend on information on a combination of influential factors, some of which are discussed above; prominent 9 Similar arguments apply to national preparedness and national security over time to shield individual and corporate citizens from bearing short-term or long-term high costs-the national costs per capita may pale relative to the immeasurable costs of human mortalities paid by the deceased people and their families, the massive unemployment, or high costs related to shortages in major crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7349476/ doi: 10.1007/s10843-020-00279-z id: cord-338626-x0d3qlj2 author: Etkin, Yana title: Acute arterial thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City area date: 2020-08-28 words: 710.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338626-x0d3qlj2.txt summary: We describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute arterial ischemia and concomitant infection at the epicenter of cases in the United States. METHODS: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection between March 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020 with an acute arterial thromboembolic event were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: While the mechanism of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, the occurrence of such complication is associated with acute arterial ischemia which results in a high limb loss and mortality. From the world''s largest experience with COVID-19, we report the clinical presentation, While the mechanism of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, the 102 occurrence of such complication is associated with acute arterial ischemia which results in a 103 high limb loss and mortality. Twenty-two (45%) patients 164 presented with signs of acute arterial ischemia and were subsequently diagnosed with COVIDThe rate of limb loss was 18% and overall, in-hospital mortality was 46%. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predisposes to arterial and venous thromboembolic complications. We describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute arterial ischemia and concomitant infection at the epicenter of cases in the United States. METHODS: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection between March 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020 with an acute arterial thromboembolic event were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, anatomical location of the thromboembolism, treatments, and outcomes. RESULTS: Over the 11-week period, Northwell Health System cared for 12,630 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A total of 49 patients with arterial thromboembolism and confirmed COVID-19 were identified. Median age was 67 years (58-75) and 37 (76%) were male. The most common preexisting conditions were hypertension (53%) and diabetes (35%). Median D-dimer level was 2673 ng/mL (723-7139). The distribution of thromboembolic events included upper 7 (14%) and lower 35 (71%) extremity ischemia, bowel ischemia 2 (4%), and cerebral ischemia 5 (10%). Six patients (12%) had thrombus in multiple locations. Concomitant deep vein thrombosis was found in 8 patients (16%). Twenty-two (45%) patients presented with signs of acute arterial ischemia and were subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. The remaining 27 (55%) developed ischemia during hospitalization. Revascularization was performed in 13 (27%) patients, primary amputation in 5 (10%), administration of systemic tissue plasminogen activator in 3 (6%), and 28 (57%) were treated with systemic anticoagulation only. The rate of limb loss was 18%. Twenty-one patients (46%) died in the hospital. Twenty-five (51%) were successfully discharged and 3 patients are still in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: While the mechanism of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear, the occurrence of such complication is associated with acute arterial ischemia which results in a high limb loss and mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890509620307652?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.08.085 id: cord-330870-l0ryikhv author: Eubanks, Allison title: Obstetric Simulation for a Pandemic date: 2020-07-23 words: 3232.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330870-l0ryikhv.txt summary: Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Conclusion: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. Communication, teamwork, and process efficiency are dramatically increased with simulations, which is why they are quickly being adapted as an essential part of medical training for small team events like codes and postpartum hemorrhages and large-scale, multi-hospital emergencies, disasters, and pandemics. The Ebola outbreak in 2014-2016 was the most recent event that demonstrated a need for pandemic and disaster preparedness throughout the country, as hospitals quickly realized they did not have plans for admitting, transporting, and caring for these highly contagious patients 6, 8, 15, 16 . abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines and recommendations are rapidly evolving. Providers strive to provide safe high-quality care for their patients in the already high-risk specialty of Obstetrics while also considering the risk that this virus adds to their patients and themselves. From other pandemics, evidence exists that simulation is the most effective way to prepare teams, build understanding and confidence, and increase patient and provider safety. FINDING: Practicing in-situ multidisciplinary simulations in the hospital setting has illustrated key opportunities for improvement that should be considered when caring for a patient with possible COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, simulating obstetrical patient care from presentation to the hospital triage through postpartum care can prepare teams for even the most complicated patients while increasing their ability to protect themselves and their patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S014600052030077X doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151294 id: cord-034629-uusqhsnf author: Eufemia, Luca title: Peacebuilding in times of COVID-19: risk-adapted strategies of cooperation and development projects date: 2020-11-04 words: 3415.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034629-uusqhsnf.txt summary: The lack of funding, the low degrees of political K and policy processes at the regional and local level, methodological inconsistencies in the design of participatory approaches and the increased violence against community leaders are preventing the effective implementations of these programs and their cooperation with CDPs. Notwithstanding these developments, COVID-19 also provides opportunities to promote peace and to advance peacebuilding. An interview protocol was developed to guide semi-structured interviews with project managers and stakeholders of Colombian CDPs. The questionnaire comprises four main blocks: (i) context: expertise (e.g. peace-related, national, and international) gender, and age; (ii) information about the reference CDP: scale (e.g. local, regional, or national), duration, approximate funding, project role, and project team; (iii) the perceived impact of COVID-19 on project implementation: immediate perception of issue extent, proximity, immediate responses, first effects, and perception regarding governmental responses at all levels (local, regional, and national), as well as of funding agencies and direct donors; and (iv) risk-adapted strategies: evaluation of existing strategies, adoption of new strategies and assets, and the future outlook on desirable risk-adapted strategies. abstract: National and international cooperation and development projects (CDP) are fundamental for peacebuilding. However, unforeseen global crises, like COVID-19, can endanger such projects, requiring rapid adaption. In Colombia, the coronavirus outbreak threatens to slow the implementation of peace-related projects, while simultaneously violence over control and ownership of land increases. Although the mid- to long-term consequences for peacebuilding are unknown, exploring risk-adapted strategies of national and international CDP can help identify crucial aspects for future processes and implementations. This study explores the key challenges and coping strategies of implementing agencies and stakeholders to COVID-19, thus helping to derive and improve risk-adapted strategies. After reviewing academic and grey literature, and implementing a semi-structured survey, peacebuilding risked-adapted strategies to COVID-19 are explored with respect to conflict-affected and vulnerable areas of Colombia. Findings show that increasing complexity rooted in top down governmental measures, the rise of new local power relations (e.g. armed groups, illicit activities), and social alienation are negatively affecting peacebuilding in Colombia. Future CDP risk adapted strategies should build on local interests and needs through public-private and environmental cooperation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7610238/ doi: 10.1007/s42597-020-00040-2 id: cord-344262-5yk1keg3 author: Evans, Lauran K. title: COVID-19 Drive-Through Point of Screening and Testing (POST) System: A Safe, Efficient, and Adaptable Model for Nasopharyngeal Swab Collection date: 2020-09-02 words: 4337.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344262-5yk1keg3.txt summary: METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. The authors also believe that the WCHD POST system, similar to those previously reported in the literature, represents a particularly efficient, safe, and adaptable model for COVID-19 testing, and recommend that other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting it for their own purposes. The following parameters were collected from the WCHD: COVID-19 tests performed each day, number of required staff and their responsibilities, positive COVID-19 tests per week, PPE use per shift, distances of the POST system route via measurement wheel, and safety concerns. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors aim to demonstrate that the current drive-through testing model at a health district was improved in certain parameters compared with a previous testing protocol, and to provide the methodology of the current model for other coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing sites to potentially emulate. METHODS: Initially, a small drive-through site was constructed at a converted tuberculosis clinic, but due to an increase in testing needs, an expanded point of screening and testing (POST) system was developed in an event center parking lot to administer tests to a higher volume of patients. RESULTS: An average of 51.1 patients was tested each day (2.0 tests per personnel in personal protective equipment [PPE] per hour) at the initial tuberculosis clinic drive-through site, which increased to 217.8 patients tested each day (5.9 tests per personnel in PPE per hour) with the new drive-through POST system (P < 0.001). Mean testing time was 3.4 minutes and the total time on-site averaged 14.4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: This POST drive-through system serves as an efficient, safe, and adaptable model for high volume COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabbing that the authors recommend other COVID-19 testing sites nationwide consider adopting for their own use. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.313 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.313 id: cord-284965-6hss53nu author: Evans, M. V. title: Reconciling model predictions with low reported cases of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from Madagascar date: 2020-07-17 words: 3092.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284965-6hss53nu.txt summary: We show that the current incidence of COVID-19 cases can be explained by any combination of the late introduction of first imported cases, early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and low case detection rates. There are three leading potential explanations for the lower observed burden of 89 COVID-19 in SSA: 1) low case detection, 2) region-specific epidemiology (e.g., different R0), and 90 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20149195 doi: medRxiv preprint Our exercise shows that the current incidence of COVID-19 in Madagascar can be 145 explained by the early and effective implementation of NPIs and low case detection rates, both of 146 which are supported by strong anecdotal evidence. We demonstrate that the 220 current trend in reported cases in Madagascar can be explained by its early stage in the epidemic, 221 combined with low detection rates and lower contact rates from NPIs ( Fig. 2A) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc globally, and there has been a particular concern for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where models suggest that the majority of the population will become infected. Conventional wisdom suggests that the continent will bear a higher burden of COVID-19 for the same reasons it suffers high burdens of other infectious diseases: ecology, socio-economic conditions, lack of water and sanitation infrastructure, and weak health systems. However, so far SSA has reported lower incidence and fatalities compared to the predictions of standard models and the experience of other regions of the world. There are three leading explanations, each with very different implications for the final epidemic burden: (1) low case detection, (2) differences in COVID-19 epidemiology (e.g. low R0), and (3) policy interventions. The low number of cases to date have led some SSA governments to relax these policy interventions. Will this result in a resurgence of cases? To understand how to interpret the lower-than-expected COVID-19 case data in Madagascar, we use a simple age-structured model to explore each of these explanations and predict the epidemic impact associated with them. We show that the current incidence of COVID-19 cases can be explained by any combination of the late introduction of first imported cases, early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and low case detection rates. This analysis reinforces that Madagascar, along with other countries in SSA, remains at risk of an impending health crisis. If NPIs remain enforced, up to 50,000 lives may be saved. Even with NPIs, without vaccines and new therapies, COVID-19 could infect up to 30% of the population, making it the largest public health threat in Madagascar until early 2021. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20149195v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20149195 id: cord-317622-o10ntfi8 author: Evans, Ronald M. title: Shining Light on the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Vitamin D Receptor Checkpoint in Defense of Unregulated Wound Healing date: 2020-09-11 words: 4646.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317622-o10ntfi8.txt summary: In patients, severity of liver disease correlates inversely with VDR expression, levels of vitamin D, and metabolites (Oh et al., 2020) , and hepatocellular injury directly with progressive COVID-19 (Henry et al., 2020; Ji et al., 2020) . Similar effects were observed in non-lung models; e.g., vitamin D deficiency (or VDR knockout) was associated with increased renin and Ang II (and IL-6 and TGFb) levels in diabetic mice (Zhang et al., 2008) . Human intestinal organoids (ACE2 expressing), suggesting a gut enterocyte reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, fuel viral spread and cytokine response in COVID-19 pathogenesis, another potential enteric-phase inflammatory hurdle to oral vitamin D administration (Clevers, 2020) . Heightened basal RAS (e.g., reduced ACE2 expression, higher Ang II levels) activation and inflammatory states (Ajilore and Thames, 2020; Albert and Ridker, 2004; Suthanthiran et al., 2000; Vinciguerra and Greco, 2020) , reported in African Americans, are associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and relevant risk co-morbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), some linked to vitamin D deficiency (Rostand, 2010; Yancy, 2020) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis can quickly strike to incapacitate the lung, leading to severe disease and sometimes death. In this perspective, we suggest that vitamin D deficiency and the failure to activate the vitamin D receptor (VDR) can aggravate this respiratory syndrome by igniting a wounding response in stellate cells of the lung. The FDA-approved injectable vitamin D analog, paricalcitol, suppresses stellate cell-derived murine hepatic and pancreatic pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic changes. Therefore, we suggest a possible parallel program in the pulmonary stellate cells of COVID-19 patients and propose repurposing paricalcitol infusion therapy to restrain the COVID-19 cytokine storm. This proposed therapy could prove important to people of color who have higher COVID-19 mortality rates and lower vitamin D levels. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.007 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.007 id: cord-350529-yqtu059x author: Evans, Samantha title: Implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 words: 1927.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350529-yqtu059x.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: This report summarises the early experience of implementing elective colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic METHODS: A pathway to minimize the risk of including COVID‐19 positive patients for elective surgery was established. The safe implementation of colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to restriction [i.e. hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) beds], staff shortages (i.e. anaesthetists, ICU personnel), health and safety of the operating room team members, and the concerns of postoperative COVID-19-associated complications and mortality (1) . To maximise the accuracy of testing, multiple test methods were employed: 1) during a telephone clinic patients were asked about any COVID-19 related symptoms, 2) asymptomatic patients were swabbed for PCR testing in a dedicated clinic room through a separate entrance from the main hospital, 3) the day before the planned operation a CT thorax was performed at the independent radiology institute. abstract: INTRODUCTION: This report summarises the early experience of implementing elective colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic METHODS: A pathway to minimize the risk of including COVID‐19 positive patients for elective surgery was established. Prioritization and additional safety measures were introduced into clinical practice. Minimal‐invasive surgery (MIS) was used where appropriate. RESULTS: Thirty‐eight patients were prioritised, and 23 patients underwent surgery (8 colon, 14 rectal and 1 anal cancer). MIS rate was 78%. There were no major postoperative complications or patients diagnosed with COVID‐19. Histopathological outcomes were similar to normal practice. CONCLUSION: A safe pathway to offer standard high‐quality surgery to colorectal cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic is feasible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654417/ doi: 10.1111/codi.15247 id: cord-327989-6p39cx2e author: Everaert, Bert title: Emerging cardiological issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 words: 1985.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327989-6p39cx2e.txt summary: 2 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, presenting with elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin I levels had a higher frequency of complications such as ARDS (58.5% vs. All rights reserved risk factors or pre-existing coronary artery disease are at high risk during this COVID-19 pandemic and that cardiac injury is an important predictor of adverse outcomes. As with other viral conditions such as influenza and SARS-CoV 4 , direct myocardial infection of the virus can lead to an acute form of viral myocarditis (1 in 3 patients presenting with SARS during the Toronto outbreak). the aforementioned New York study, true obstructive myocardial infarctions do occur, as many patients with COVID-19 present with underlying cardiovascular disease or cardiac risk factors. 11 Moreover, in animal studies of SARS-CoV-1 and ARDS, ACE2 as well as ARB treatment (losartan) improved the acute lung injury 12, 13 and clinical studies in COVID-19 patients with these agents are currently active and recruiting patients (NCT04287686 and NCT04312009 or NCT04311177, respectively). abstract: Today the modern world is facing an unprecedented health crisis. The COVID‐19 pandemic is putting extensive strain on health care systems, hospitals and medical workers worldwide. Epidemiological data are emerging that COVID‐19 patients with cardiac risk factors or pre‐existing cardiac conditions are at increased risk for complications and mortality from COVID‐19. As we just begin to understand the pathophysiology underlying the disease, the involvement of the heart, whether through direct myocardial infection and damage or due to cardiac complications, is already evident. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13270 doi: 10.1111/eci.13270 id: cord-314423-6kuefmol author: Experton, B. title: A Multi-Factor Risk Model for Severe Covid-19 for Vaccine Prioritization and Monitoring Based on a 15 Million Medicare Cohort date: 2020-11-03 words: 4848.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314423-6kuefmol.txt summary: Methods: We present an integrated multi-factor risk model for severe Covid-19 using de-identified Medicare claims from which we extracted demographic and clinical data for a cohort of 15 million Medicare beneficiaries with 770,000 Covid-19 cases, and socio-economic data at the county and zip code level from the CDC Social Vulnerability Index. The independent variables included in our severe Covid-19 risk models are: beneficiary age, sex, ethnicity, insurance coverage and residential zip code, prior health care utilization (prior hospitalization(s), skilled nursing home admissions, etc.) as a measure for disease severity and frailty, the individual''s multiple chronic conditions with in addition to the CMS chronic condition flags, Humetrix compiled diagnostic categories using specific ICD-10 code algorithms, medications grouped by pharmaceutical class, vaccinations before Covid-19 diagnosis, and other variables starting October 1, 2019 (see Supplemental Methods in the Appendix). abstract: Background: Public Health interventions to slow the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic focus on protecting individuals at risk for severe disease. Risk categorization is essential to effective pandemic response. However, existing risk models for severe Covid-19 lack needed integration of both socio-demographic and clinical risk factors, and geographic characteristics. Methods: We present an integrated multi-factor risk model for severe Covid-19 using de-identified Medicare claims from which we extracted demographic and clinical data for a cohort of 15 million Medicare beneficiaries with 770,000 Covid-19 cases, and socio-economic data at the county and zip code level from the CDC Social Vulnerability Index. The model and associated digital maps were developed as part of Project Salus of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, for use by the National Guard and other military personnel in their support mission to hospitals and local jurisdictions impacted by the pandemic. Results: The model affirms ethnicity (Black: OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.61-1.68, American Indian: OR 2.21; 95% CI 2.01-2.42), age over 85 (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.69-1.81), the socio-economic factor of residing in a zip code in the lowest quartile of income (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.21-1.26), ESRD (OR 2.35; 95% CI 2.25-2.45) and chronic lung disease (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.90-2.00) as leading risk factors for Covid-19 hospitalizations, but reveals low risk for COPD (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.13 -1.17) and minimal or no risk for diabetes (OR 1.03; CI 1.01-1.05), CHF (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.08-1.12) or hypertension (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98), and demonstrates an association between prior herpes zoster immunization (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.71-0.77), and to a lesser degree prior influenza and pneumococcal vaccines with less severe Covid-19. Conclusions: This multi-factor risk model and derived digital maps can be applied for use by national and local health authorities to augment existing tools for pandemic response, including monitoring of post Covid-19 sequelae, prioritization of Covid-19 vaccine, and vaccine monitoring for both safety and efficacy. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.20219816v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20219816 id: cord-327106-drwvzw5l author: Eyawo, Oghenowede title: Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response date: 2020-08-25 words: 2620.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt summary: The global health governance of pandemic preparedness and response needs to move further away from the advocacy of a one-size-fits-all approach that tends to prioritize the interests of high-income countries towards a context-sensitive approach that gives equity a central role in guiding our pandemic preparedness and response strategies. On the other hand, we find the failure of commission-high-income countries (HICs) battle to buy out ventilators, personal protective equipment, and diagnostic tests on the global market, which freezes out any real possibility of LMICs getting these resources. The global health governance response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been largely modelled from the perspective of HICs without due consideration for how and whether it provides a feasible parallel strategy for LMICs. A predominant reliance on extemporaneous prevention measures, such as stay at home orders, frequent handwashing, long-term social distancing, and business closures cannot be easily or effectively translated into the LMIC context without major political and economic changes. abstract: Our initial response to COVID-19 has been plagued by a series of failures—many of which have extended inequity within and across populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The global health governance of pandemic preparedness and response needs to move further away from the advocacy of a one-size-fits-all approach that tends to prioritize the interests of high-income countries towards a context-sensitive approach that gives equity a central role in guiding our pandemic preparedness and response strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10001-2 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10001-2 id: cord-347780-jrbiww9j author: FAYSSOIL, Abdallah title: The Right Ventricle in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-09 words: 327.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347780-jrbiww9j.txt summary: authors: FAYSSOIL, Abdallah; MUSTAFIC, Hazrije; MANSENCAL, Nicolas title: The Right Ventricle in COVID-19 Patients In addition, COVID-19 patients disclose a hyper coagulate state avec a significant incidence of pulmonary thrombotic complications, aggravated the RV afterload is associated with excess mortality in ARDS (4). Finally, the RV function, measured by the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), the right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) and the right ventricular longitudinal strain, is a significant predictive factor of mortality in COVID-19 infected patients (6) . In this context, in addition with the left ventricular function analysis, it is of importance to check and assess the right ventricle in COVD-19 infected patients, particularly in critical situation. Diagnostic workup, etiologies and management of acute right ventricle failure : A state-of-the-art paper Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32624188/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.007 id: cord-298056-svwtfshi author: Fabio, Ciceri title: Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy date: 2020-06-12 words: 3319.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298056-svwtfshi.txt summary: Multivariable analysis showed older age, coronary artery disease, cancer, low lymphocyte count and high RALE score as factors independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of COVID-19 patients of European origin, main risk factors for mortality were older age, comorbidities, low lymphocyte count and high RALE. 14 In this report we describe the demographical, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics, as well as the clinical outcomes and the risk factors for mortality, of the first 500 patients with COVID-19 admitted to San Raffaele Scientific Institute, a tertiary care academic hospital in Milan, Italy. With a clinical observation longer than one months from the last patient admitted, w e were able to identify early predictors of mortality related to patient characteristics, radiological and laboratory findings at hospital admission for COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: National health-system hospitals of Lombardy faced a heavy burden of admissions for acute respiratory distress syndromes associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Data on patients of European origin affected by COVID-19 are limited. METHODS: All consecutive patients aged ≥18 years, coming from North-East of Milan's province and admitted at San Raffaele Hospital with COVID-19, between February 25th and March 24th, were reported, all patients were followed for at least one month. Clinical and radiological features at admission and predictors of clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 500 patients admitted to the Emergency Unit, 410 patients were hospitalized and analyzed: median age was 65 (IQR 56–75) years, and the majority of patients were males (72.9%). Median (IQR) days from COVID-19 symptoms onset was 8 (5–11) days. At hospital admission, fever (≥ 37.5 °C) was present in 67.5% of patients. Median oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 93% (range 60–99), with median PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, 267 (IQR 184–314). Median Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score was 9 (IQR 4–16). More than half of the patients (56.3%) had comorbidities, with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and chronic kidney failure being the most common. The probability of overall survival at day 28 was 66%. Multivariable analysis showed older age, coronary artery disease, cancer, low lymphocyte count and high RALE score as factors independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: In a large cohort of COVID-19 patients of European origin, main risk factors for mortality were older age, comorbidities, low lymphocyte count and high RALE. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521661620304563?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108509 id: cord-285207-hsbzcpl3 author: Facchin, Federico title: COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy date: 2020-05-04 words: 578.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285207-hsbzcpl3.txt summary: for sharing how an international group of hand surgeons managed surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic [1] . Our healthcare facility created an internal study group called Plastic Surgeons Against COVID-19 (PSAC) to deal with specific issues related to the pandemic [4] . An analysis of the cases treated in one month from the beginning of the lockdown (9 th March -9 th April 2020) confirmed the impact of COVID-19 in hand surgery and dictated the need for precise screening to limit the spread of the infection (Table 1) . We agree that hand surgery units need to share COVID-19 preventive protocols to allow elective and non-elective procedures to continue safely. COVID-19: Initial experience of an international group of hand surgeons Effectiveness of preventive measures against Covid-19 in a Plastic Surgery Unit in the epicenter of the pandemic in Italy abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468122920301018 doi: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.04.007 id: cord-320067-929h6arn author: Facheris, Paola title: Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab date: 2020-06-18 words: 328.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320067-929h6arn.txt summary: title: Complicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a psoriatic patient treated with ixekizumab The patient was hospitalized and treated with hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID p.o. the first day followed by 200mg BID, ceftriaxone 1g BID IM, and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in courses of prone ventilation. The patient was discharged after 22 days, with 97% oxygen saturation on walking test. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a new variant beta-coronavirus first isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with interstitial pneumonia. COVID-19 is characterized most commonly by fever and cough, although the clinical picture may range from completely asymptomatic to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? Chinese Trial Clinical Registry.A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of Adalimumab Injection in the treatment of patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32557532/ doi: 10.1111/ijd.15008 id: cord-256020-wrui3i2l author: Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun title: Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-26 words: 7097.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256020-wrui3i2l.txt summary: The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a zoonotic pathogen that acquired mutations as it crossed the species barrier from bat to pangolin enabling it to infect humans. 5 The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and pneumonia, which makes the disease enormously dangerous with a high case fatality rate. 11 Symptoms of human SARS-CoV-1 infections include headache, fever and respiratory complications such as cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia. 81 The main goal of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is to accurately detect the virus and to minimize further transmissions by timely isolation and treatment of infected patients. 112 This implies that variation in ACE-2 expression in COVID-19 patients is likely to affect susceptibility, symptoms and intervention outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations abstract: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has resulted in over 20 million cases and 741,808 deaths globally, affecting more than 200 countries. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is limited information on COVID-19, and treatment has so far focused on supportive care and use of repurposed drugs. COVID-19 can be transmitted via person-to-person contact through droplet spread. Some of the recommended precautionary measures to reduce the rate of disease spread include social distancing, good hygiene practices, and avoidance of crowded areas. These measures are effective because the droplets are heavy and can only travel approximately 1 meter in the air, settling quickly on fixed surfaces. Promising strategies to combat SARS-CoV-2 include discovery of therapeutic targets/drugs and vaccines. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of COVID-19. We also address the mechanisms of action of approved repurposed drugs for therapeutic management of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060520949077 doi: 10.1177/0300060520949077 id: cord-340381-qfp5p6gv author: Faddoul, Annibal title: L’anesthésie au temps du COVID date: 2020-08-20 words: 2366.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340381-qfp5p6gv.txt summary: Ces deux risques ont conduit dans un premier temps à une reprise progressive de l''activité chirurgicale avec une sélection des interventions [1] puis à des mesures préventives qui ont rendu plus complexe la prise en charge des patients opérés aussi bien en urgence que de façon programmée. La consultation d''anesthésie doit maintenant intégrer un dépistage de la COVID-19 qui repose dans un premier temps sur un questionnaire standardisé (que le patient soit vu en présentiel ou en téléconsultation). Il est donc nécessaire d''aménager les locaux de consultations pour faire en sorte que les patients ne se trouvent pas ensemble dans des pièces peu ou mal ventilées ou ne puissent être contaminés suite à la manipulation de revues ou d''autres objets. Les patients qui ont des signes cliniques d''infection COVID-19 doivent donc être déprogrammés pour la chirurgie réglée et reprogrammée dans un délai de plusieurs semaines en fonction de l''évolution du tableau clinique. abstract: Surgical pathway has gained in complexity thanks to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The anesthetic management of the SARScoV-2 (+) patient imposes several modifications, and remains a work in progress. As a consequence there has been a shift to distant anaesthetic consultations while in-hospital consultations are more difficult to organize. Patients scheduled for surgery may benefit from a preoperative diagnostic testing for SARS coV2 infection if they have been in close contact with a COVID-19 patient, or if they are symptomatic or in case of major surgery. According to the PCR results, patients could have their surgery postponed, or may alternatively follow a specific clinical pathway in the operating and recovery rooms with an adapted anaesthetic plan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843845/ doi: 10.1016/j.pratan.2020.07.010 id: cord-031023-njs5d635 author: Fadulelmola, Ahmed title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fractures 30-day mortality date: 2020-08-27 words: 2162.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031023-njs5d635.txt summary: COVID-19 testing and chest x-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures, helps in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allows counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis. The hip fractures 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection was assessed, but due to the small sample size, the analysis was limited to descriptive statistics to avoid Type I error. This study presents the first evidence of high (50%) 30-day mortality in fragility hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection. However, our study reported a clinically important difference in the 30-day mortality between COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative hip fractures patients. We have postulated a ''''third hit'''' theory, however, further research will be needed to assess the immune response before and after surgery in hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection. On the basis of our study, hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. abstract: INTRODUCTION: A novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a fatal global pandemic which particularly affects the elderly and those with co-morbidities. Hip fractures affect elderly populations, necessitate hospital admissions, and place this group at particular risk from COVID-19 infection. This study investigates the effect of COVID-19 infection on 30-day hip fracture mortality. METHOD: Data related to seventy-five adult hip fractures admitted to two units during March and April 2020 was reviewed. The mean age was 83.5 years (range 65-98 years) and most (53, 70.7%) were females. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: The COVID-19 infection rate was 26.7% (20 patients), with a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate in COVID-19 positive group (10/20, 50%) compared to COVID-19 negative group (4/55, 7.3%), with mean time to death of 19.8 days (95% confidence interval 17.0-22.5). The mean time from admission to surgery was 43.1 hours and 38.3 hours, in COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative groups, respectively. All COVID-19 positive patients had shown symptoms of fever and cough, and all ten cases who died were from hypoxia. Seven (35%) cases had radiological lung findings consistent with viral pneumonitis which resulted in mortality (70% of mortality). 30% (n = 6) contracted the COVID-19 infection in the community and 70% (n = 14) developed symptoms after hospital admission. CONCLUSION: Hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. COVID-19 testing and chest x-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures, helps in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allows counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7457007/ doi: 10.1177/1460408620951352 id: cord-334122-3c1i25vc author: Fahad, Ahmed Muhi title: Spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication in COVID‐19 male patient: A case report date: 2020-09-21 words: 1312.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334122-3c1i25vc.txt summary: Here, the patient presents with pneumothorax after 21 days of initial symptoms of COVID-19 infection and negative PCR. 1 The patient CT scan of the chest is characteristic for COVID-19 infection as it may show bilateral ground-glass appearance with peripheral distribution, and the other features may be present but they are uncommon like lung cavity, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and pneumothorax. The next day, the patient was sent for a new chest radiograph that shows fully expanded right lung with parenchymal shadows as seen in Figure 3 and basic blood investigations that were normal. In this case, spontaneous pneumothorax was developed after 21 days of initial COVID-19 symptoms and after the result of PCR was negative. 4 While in Burcin et al and Suphi et al case reports, both patients were present with spontaneous pneumothorax in addition to other features of COVID-19 infection initially. org/0000-0003-3748-681X Ahmed Salih Alshewered https://orcid. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 infection may be later complicated with pneumothorax after primarily symptoms. We must be aware about pneumothorax, which may be increased in cases of COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3378 doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3378 id: cord-267117-e53jvt92 author: Fahd Al‐Muhanna, Afnan title: COVID‐19: Impact and challenges at breast imaging unit date: 2020-05-25 words: 556.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267117-e53jvt92.txt summary: A Series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, later found to be related to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Since then, COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, 2 with a significant impact on the health care system and were announced to be pandemic by WHO 30 January 2020, 3 By 24 April 2020, the WHO reported 2,626,321 confirmed cases globally with 181,938 deaths. Breast imaging is a high demand specialty, mainly if you work at tertiary care academic institute, which makes us enthusiastic about setting a list of policies and procedures to overcome the challenges we face with the COVID-19 pandemic. All breast imaging studied should be delayed for known or suspected COVID-19 patients as per our hospital infection control policy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449575/ doi: 10.1111/tbj.13891 id: cord-316080-y6ypbdtu author: Fajnzylber, J. M. title: SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Mortality date: 2020-07-17 words: 1701.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316080-y6ypbdtu.txt summary: We quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load from participants with a diverse range of COVID-19 severity, including those requiring hospitalization, outpatients with mild disease, and individuals with resolved infection. Amongst the participants hospitalized with COVID-19, higher prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein and IL-6. Amongst hospitalized individuals, the majority still 92 had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the time of initial sample collection, including 50% with variable, individuals with detectable plasma, nasopharyngeal or sputum viral loads had 124 significantly lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and higher CRP and IL-6 levels compared to 125 those without detectable plasma viremia (Fig 2b-d) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20131789 doi: medRxiv preprint DISCUSSION 151 We report a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract, plasma, and urine viral 152 loads of 235 participants who were either hospitalized with COVID-19, evaluated as 153 symptomatic outpatients, or had recovered from COVID-19 disease. abstract: The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk of disease progression remains largely undefined in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load from participants with a diverse range of COVID-19 severity, including those requiring hospitalization, outpatients with mild disease, and individuals with resolved infection. SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNA was detected in 27% of hospitalized participants and 13% of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. Amongst the participants hospitalized with COVID-19, higher prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was associated with worse respiratory disease severity, lower absolute lymphocyte counts, and increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein and IL-6. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, especially plasma viremia, were associated with increased risk of mortality. SARS-CoV-2 viral load may aid in the risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 and its role in disease pathogenesis should be further explored. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20131789 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20131789 id: cord-344985-3mu9rrql author: Fakhruddin, Bapon title: Are we there yet? The transition from response to recovery for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 4305.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344985-3mu9rrql.txt summary: While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. abstract: Abstract There is no corner of the planet that has not been impacted by the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19. While the COVID-19 pandemic has already had far-reaching socioeconomic consequences commonly associated with natural hazards (such as disruption to society, economic damage, and loss of lives), the response of governments around the world has been unparalleled and unlike anything seen before. Governments are faced with a myriad of multi-dimensional effects of the pandemic, including direct impacts on public health systems and population health and indirect socioeconomic effects including disruption to every single sector of the economy and mass unemployment. There is, additionally, the growing realisation that the timescale associated with this crisis may permanently change the very foundations of societies ‘normal’ day-to-day life. As the world transitions to recovering from COVID-19, those developing that recovery need support in adjusting and improving their policies and measures. The situation seems dire, the stakes are high. Literature about the transition between the response and recovery phase in relation to pandemics is scarce. Further complication is that the pandemic will not allow countries to simply transition to the full-scale recovery, instead, a rebound from recovery to response phase is expected for a certain period until the immunization is in place. Pandemics indeed force us to think beyond typical emergency management structures; the cycles of the disaster risk management in the case of biological and other natural hazards are not exactly the same and no one-size-fits-all approach may be used. Still, some parallels may be drawn with the efforts to combat natural hazards and some lessons may be used from previous and the current pandemic. Based on these experiences and reflections, this paper provides a set of policy directions to be considered during the transition towards, as well as throughout, this transition phase. It is suggested that meeting this global, multi-dimensional, and complex challenge will require considerable international collaboration (even convention) and macro-scale changes to global and national policies. The recovery issues are mainly going to be dominated by politics, economics and social science. Necessary for an effective recovery, the pandemic response needs to be a holistic response, combined with an improved data ecosystem between the public health system and the community. We should also view this outbreak and our response to it as an opportunity to learn lessons and reaffirm our universal commitment to sustainable development and enhancing wellbeing around the world. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300399 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100102 id: cord-316095-jzyb4jn5 author: Falahchai, Mehran title: Dental care management during the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-09-19 words: 5601.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316095-jzyb4jn5.txt summary: Sixteen English papers were enrolled to answer questions about procedures that are allowed to perform during the COVID‐19 outbreak, patients who are in priority to receive dental care services, the conditions and necessities for patient admission, waiting room and operatory room, and personal protective equipment (PPE) that is necessary for dental clinicians and the office staff. Considering the generation of high amounts of droplets and aerosols during routine dental procedures, the conventional protective measures that are routinely followed by dental clinicians are no longer efficient for prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Urgent dental treatments include management of conditions that require immediate attention such as alleviation of severe pain with/without the risk of infection and balancing the patient load in the hospital emergency departments. According to the data acquired from the screening questionnaires, patients who need emergency/urgent dental treatment can be divided into three groups of apparently healthy, suspected, and confirmed cases. abstract: AIM: The level of preparedness of the healthcare system plays an important role in management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study attempted to devise a comprehensive protocol regarding dental care during the COVID‐19 outbreak. METHODS AND RESULT: Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched until March 2020 for relevant papers. Sixteen English papers were enrolled to answer questions about procedures that are allowed to perform during the COVID‐19 outbreak, patients who are in priority to receive dental care services, the conditions and necessities for patient admission, waiting room and operatory room, and personal protective equipment (PPE) that is necessary for dental clinicians and the office staff. CONCLUSION: Dental treatment should be limited to patients with urgent or emergency situation. By screening questionnaires for COVID‐19, patients are divided into three groups of (a) apparently healthy, (b) suspected for COVID‐19, and (c) confirmed for COVID‐19. Separate waiting and operating rooms should be assigned to each group of patients to minimize the risk of disease transmission. All groups should be treated with the same protective measures with regard to PPE for the dental clinicians and staff. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12523 doi: 10.1111/scd.12523 id: cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author: Falavigna, Maicon title: Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date: 2020 words: 6973.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt summary: Summary of the evidence: the systematic review identified three comparative clinical trials with available data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 patients: two open randomized clinical trials (29, 30) in a patient population with mild to moderate disease, and one cohort study. Recommendation 2 -we suggest against the routine use the hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine plus azithromycin combination for treatment of COVID-19 patients (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Recommendation 4 -We suggest the use of empirical oseltamivir treatment in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or flu-like syndrome with risk factors for complications when a diagnosis of influenza cannot be ruled out (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Summary of the evidence -two randomized clinical trials assessed the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Different therapies are currently used, considered, or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19; for many of those therapies, no appropriate assessment of effectiveness and safety was performed. This document aims to provide scientifically available evidence-based information in a transparent interpretation, to subsidize decisions related to the pharmacological therapy of COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: A group of 27 experts and methodologists integrated a task-force formed by professionals from the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB), the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (Sociedad Brasileira de Infectologia - SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT). Rapid systematic reviews, updated on April 28, 2020, were conducted. The assessment of the quality of evidence and the development of recommendations followed the GRADE system. The recommendations were written on May 5, 8, and 13, 2020. RESULTS: Eleven recommendations were issued based on low or very-low level evidence. We do not recommend the routine use of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, corticosteroids, or tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19. Prophylactic heparin should be used in hospitalized patients, however, no anticoagulation should be provided for patients without a specific clinical indication. Antibiotics and oseltamivir should only be considered for patients with suspected bacterial or influenza coinfection, respectively. CONCLUSION: So far no pharmacological intervention was proven effective and safe to warrant its use in the routine treatment of COVID-19 patients; therefore such patients should ideally be treated in the context of clinical trials. The recommendations herein provided will be revised continuously aiming to capture newly generated evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667444/ doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200039 id: cord-342386-t5b8wpe2 author: Falcone, Rino title: All We Need Is Trust: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Reconfigured Trust in Italian Public Institutions date: 2020-10-02 words: 14132.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342386-t5b8wpe2.txt summary: Since overall trust in public authorities did not decrease after March 11 in the whole sample, this indicates a leveling in trust attribution across the country after the introduction of new measures, which in turn could be interpreted as a shift in the perception of the emergency: whereas in early March, a significant part of the Italian population still believed the outbreak to be somehow contained to specific regions, and thus a local problem unlikely to affect everybody in the same way, the nationwide interventions announced on March 11 made it crystal clear to all that COVID-19 was indeed a national concern. abstract: The central focus of this research is the fast and crucial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a crucial psychological, relational, and political construct: trust. We investigate how the consequences of the pandemic, in terms of healthcare, state intervention and impositions, and daily life and habits, have affected trust in public institutions in Italy, at the time when the contagion was rapidly spreading in the country (early March 2020). In this survey, addressed to 4260 Italian citizens, we analyzed and measured such impact, focusing on various aspects of trust. This attention to multiple dimensions of trust constitutes the key conceptual advantage of this research, since trust is a complex and layered construct, with its own internal dynamics. In particular, the analysis focuses on how citizens attribute trust to Public Authorities, in relation to the management of the health crisis: with regard to the measures and guidelines adopted, the purposes pursued, the motivations that determine them, their capacity for involvement, and their effectiveness for the containment of the virus itself. A pandemic creates a bilateral need for trust, both in Public Authorities (they have to rely on citizens’ compliance and must try to promote and maintain their trust in order to be effective) and in citizens, since they need to feel that somebody can do something, can (has the power to) protect them, to act at the needed collective level. We are interested to explore how this need for trust affects the attributional process, regarding both attitudes and the corresponding decisions and actions. The most striking result of this survey is the very high level of institutional trust expressed by respondents: 75% of them trust Italian public authorities to be able to deal with the COVID-19 emergency. This is in sharp contrast with the relatively low levels of institutional trust characteristic of Italy, both historically and in recent surveys. Moreover, the survey allowed the discrimination of several potential predictors for trust, thus emphasizing factors that, during this crisis, are exhibiting an anomalous impact on trust. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132966/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.561747 id: cord-271867-n563yqw4 author: Falicov, Celia title: Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 words: 8994.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt summary: We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. During Covid-19, the SRFC physicians, pharmacy team, medical students, staff, volunteers, mental health team, social workers, and promotoras (experienced community members who are core staff and act as "trust bridges" to the community (Beck, 2005) ) have come together to continue to provide health, mental health care and emotional support through telemedicine and delivery of medications and food to patients'' homes. Relying on our learnings about providing services to under resourced families and communities in regular times, during the Covid-19 pandemic we expand the limits of what appears possible in a variety of new ways. abstract: The novel coronavirus has added new anxieties and forms of grieving to the myriad practical and emotional burdens already present in the lives of underserved and uninsured immigrant families and communities. In this article, we relate our experiences since the Covid‐19 crisis to the lessons we have learned over time as mental health professionals working with families in no‐cost, student‐managed community comprehensive health clinics in academic‐community partnerships. We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. We describe families, students, professionals, promotoras (community links) and IT support staff joining together in solidarity as the creative problem solvers of new possibilities when families do not have access to Wifi, smart phones or computers, or suffer overcrowding and lack of privacy. We describe many anxieties related to economic insecurity or fear of facing death alone, but also how to visualize expanding possibilities in styles of parenting or types of emotional support among family members as elements of hope that may endure beyond these unprecedented tragic times of loss and uncertainty. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12578 doi: 10.1111/famp.12578 id: cord-270419-krrd074l author: Falkenhain‐López, Daniel title: SARS‐Coronavirus‐2 and acute urticaria date: 2020-05-22 words: 338.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270419-krrd074l.txt summary: key: cord-270419-krrd074l cord_uid: krrd074l A 51-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of dry cough and arthralgias. The patient did not present angioedema or bronchospasm, and there was no swelling of the tongue, uvula, or peritonsillar area. Blood test showed lymphopenia and elevated C-reactive proThe association between urticaria and infectious diseases has been discussed for more than 100 years. However, this association with virus infections has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a case of a woman with no previous history of urtiWe consider it important to emphasize that SARS-CoV-2 and acute urticaria may be associated. Furthermore, the skin lesions might appear before the onset of the main respiratory symptoms, occurring at the early phase of the infection as part of the clinical presentation of COVID-19. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection Association between urticaria and virus infections: a systematic review abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441802/ doi: 10.1111/ijd.14950 id: cord-310073-ncj500af author: Falkingham, J. title: Sleepless in Lockdown: unpacking differences in sleep loss during the coronavirus pandemicin the UK date: 2020-07-21 words: 3600.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310073-ncj500af.txt summary: Conclusions: The pandemic has widened the disparity of sleep deprivation across different groups, with women with young children, key workers and people of BAME heritage all experiencing difficulty in sleeping, which in turn may negatively affect mental and physical health and well-being. Table 2 shows that the prevalence of sleep loss varied according to a range of factors, including those associated with Covid-19 itself, i.e. having had symptoms that could be coronavirus and being a key worker, as well as factors associated with anxiety and stress from the lockdown -including having at least one child aged 0-4 or school-aged children at home, no partner at home, being concerned about current or future financial circumstances, feeling lonely and having a prior sleep loss problem. abstract: Background: Covid-19 has been shown to be having a disproportionate impact on the health of individuals from different ethnic groups and those employed in certain occupations, whilst the indirect impacts of Covid-19, including the closure of schools and business and the move to home working, fall disproportionately on the young and on women. These factors may in turn impact upon sleep health. Research on sleep deprivation during the pandemic crisis to date has been limited. The present study aimed to explore the levels and social determinants of self-reported sleep loss among the general population during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK, with a particular focus on ethnic and gender disparities. Methods: Newly available national representative survey data from Understanding Society COVID19 Study collected during April 2020 were analysed. These data were linked to Wave 9 of Understanding Society conducted in 2018/19, providing information about the respondents prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. Cross-sectional analysis provided prevalence estimates, whilst analysis of the linked longitudinal data provided incidence estimates. The analytical sample included 15,360 respondents aged 16 and above; among these, 12,206 reported no problem of sleep loss before the epidemic. Results: Prevalence and incidence rates of perceived sleep loss were 24.7% and 20.2% respectively. Women (at the level of 31.8% and 27.0%) and individuals from Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) communities (at the level of 32.0% and 24.6%) were more vulnerable to sleep deprivation due to the pandemic. Multivariate regression analysis shows that being female, the presence of young children in the household, perceived financial difficulties and being a Covid-19-related key worker were all predictive of sleep loss. Once these covariates were controlled for the bivariate relationship between ethnicity and sleep loss was reversed, reflecting the complex interaction between the coronavirus epidemic and ethnicity. Conclusions: The pandemic has widened the disparity of sleep deprivation across different groups, with women with young children, key workers and people of BAME heritage all experiencing difficulty in sleeping, which in turn may negatively affect mental and physical health and well-being. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.19.20157255 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.19.20157255 id: cord-270530-abiuiiff author: Fan, D.-P. title: Inf-Net: Automatic COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation from CT Scans date: 2020-04-27 words: 6153.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270530-abiuiiff.txt summary: To address these challenges, a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) is proposed to automatically identify infected regions from chest CT scans. To address above issues, we propose a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) for CT Scans. Moreover, to alleviate the shortage of labeled data, we also provide a semi-supervised segmentation system, which only requires a few labeled COVID-19 infection images and then enables the model to leverage unlabeled data. Therefore, we extend Semi-Inf-Net to a multi-class lung infection labeling framework so that it can provide richer information for the further diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Specifically, we utilize the infection segmentation results provided by Semi-Inf-Net to guide the multi-class labeling of different types of lung infections. This framework can take full advantage of the infection segmentation results provided by Semi-Inf-Net and effectively improve the performance of multi-class infection labeling. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally in early 2020, causing the world to face an existential health crisis. Automated detection of lung infections from computed tomography (CT) images offers a great potential to augment the traditional healthcare strategy for tackling COVID-19. However, segmenting infected regions from CT scans faces several challenges, including high variation in infection characteristics, and low intensity contrast between infections and normal tissues. Further, collecting a large amount of data is impractical within a short time period, inhibiting the training of a deep model. To address these challenges, a novel COVID-19 Lung Infection Segmentation Deep Network (Inf-Net) is proposed to automatically identify infected regions from chest CT scans. In our Inf-Net, a parallel partial decoder is used to aggregate the high-level features and generate a global map. Then, the implicit reverse attention and explicit edge-attention are utilized to model the boundaries and enhance the representations. Moreover, to alleviate the shortage of labeled data, we present a semi-supervised segmentation framework based on a randomly selected propagation strategy, which only requires a few labeled images and leverages primarily unlabeled data. Our semi-supervised framework can improve the learning ability and achieve a higher performance. Extensive experiments on a COVID-19 infection dataset demonstrate that the proposed Inf-Net outperforms most cutting-edge segmentation models and advances the state-of-the-art url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20074948 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074948 id: cord-330136-o8df8szx author: Fan, Hua title: Cardiac injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Not to be ignored date: 2020-05-11 words: 2167.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330136-o8df8szx.txt summary: 40 non-survivors had test result of hs-TnI，they were divided into two groups based on cardiac injury，Further analysis revealed that non-survivors with elevated hs-TnI levels on admission had shorter duration from symptom onset to death, and TnI elevation was related to the dismal prognosis. The mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients is high, but its mechanism is not clear at present, and it might be related to the virus-induced acute lung injury, inflammatory factor storm. Our study discovered that the level of hs-TnI increased in many patients on admission, indicating that cardiac injury occurred in the early stage of the disease.The incidence rate of cardiac injury among patients at admission was 16.44%, with the non-survivors having an incidence rate of as high as 25.53%. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China abstract: Abstract Objective To describe the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods We recruited 73 patients with COVID-19 [49 men and 24 women; average age: 58.36 years (SD: 14.31)] admitted to the intensive care unit of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from December 30, 2019 to February 16, 2020. Demographics, underlying diseases, and laboratory test results on admission were collected and analyzed. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results The non-survivors were older (65.46 [SD 9.74] vs 46.23 [12.01]) and were more likely to have chronic medical illnesses. Non-survivors tend to develop more severe lymphopenia, with higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and hs-Troponin I(hs-TnI) levels. Patients with elevated hs-TnI levels on admission had shorter duration from symptom onset to death. Increased hs-TnI level was related to dismal prognosis. Death risk increased by 20.8% when the hs-TnI level increased by one unit. After adjusting for inflammatory or coagulation index, the independent predictive relationship between hs-TnI and death disappeared. Conclusions Cardiac injury may occur at the early stage of COVID-19, which is associated with high mortality. Inflammatory factor cascade and coagulation abnormality may be the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 combined with cardiac injury. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.024 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.024 id: cord-257099-8k28vkgf author: Fan, Jingchun title: The epidemiology of reverse transmission of COVID-19 in Gansu Province, China date: 2020-05-12 words: 2544.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257099-8k28vkgf.txt summary: To provide support to Chinese citizens who are currently overseas in 96 significant COVID-19 outbreak regions, to minimize their risk of COVID-19 infection, the Chinese 97 government has sent charter planes to evacuate Chinese citizens from a number of 98 COVID-19-affected countries, particularly Italy [14] and Iran [15] to designated provinces. here the epidemiological characteristics and the clinical features of 311 Chinese people evacuated 107 from Iran to the quarantine centre of Gansu Province. On arrival at Lanzhou 116 airport in Gansu Province, the returnees were isolated in a designated hotel and screened using 117 clinical tools i.e. thermometer, and questions concerning any symptoms, any history of close 118 contact with any known infected people or any persons with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. There was a total of 311 overseas Chinese evacuated from Iran to Gansu Province, China, arriving 150 on 3-4 March ( Figure 1 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: The transmission of COVID-19 is about to come under control within China, however, an emerging challenge to the Chinese authorities is reverse transmission due to COVID-19 patients/carriers evacuating from overseas to China. METHODS: We analysed the epidemiological characteristics of 311 Chinese citizens evacuated from Iran. All confirmed COVID-19 cases amongst the returnees were displayed by the spatial distribution pattern of the extent of COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: Characteristics that differed significantly amongst these returnees compared to the original infected cohorts in Gansu were mean age, occupation and sex. Differences observed between infected patients and non-patients amongst returnees were age, sex, race, occupation, the use of facemasks, and residential situation in Iran. The clinical features that were significantly related to infection were chill, shortness of breath, chest pain and nausea. Spatial distribution pattern analysis indicated that infected returnees had resided within Iranian provinces that had experienced high levels of COVID-19. The spatial distribution of the original homes of these returnees before departure for Iran demonstrated that returnees will largely return to northwest China, to regions that have only experienced low levels of infection within China. CONCLUSION: Blocking the reverse transmission of COVID-19 is critical in preventing a secondary outbreak of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477893920302209 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101741 id: cord-268179-bmtfanax author: Fan, Jingchun title: Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies date: 2020-08-14 words: 4943.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268179-bmtfanax.txt summary: Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education. We set either twice or four times as the minimum frequency of keywords occurrence in English or Chinese publications, respectively, reflecting the number of included studies (143 or 721, respectively) and the consequent analysis results. The publications in English have enabled doctors/scientists to share/exchange information at the international level; the publications in the Chinese language provides complementary educational approaches for the local doctors to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China for the general population. abstract: Background: As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has garnered great research interest. We aimed to explore the differences between English language and Chinese language Medical/Scientific journals publications, particularly aiming to explore the efficacy/contents of the literature published in English and Chinese in relation to the outcomes of management and characterization of COVID-19 during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Publications on COVID-19 research were retrieved from both English and Chinese databases. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer 1.6.14, and CiteSpace V software. Network maps were generated to evaluate the collaborations between different authors, countries/provinces, and institutions. Results: A total of 143 English and 721 Chinese original research articles and reviews on COVID-19 were included in our study. Most of the authors and institutions of the papers were from China before March 1st, 2020, however, the distribution of authors and institutions were mainly in developed countries or more wealthy areas of China. The range of the keywords in English publications was more extensive than those in Chinese. Traditional Chinese Medicine was seen more frequently in Chinese papers than in English. Of the 143 articles published in English, 54 articles were published by Chinese authors only and 21 articles were published jointly by Chinese and other overseas authors. Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477 id: cord-339861-yq1qeo5d author: Fan, Jingchun title: The Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Gansu and Jinlin Provinces, China date: 2020-09-11 words: 4514.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339861-yq1qeo5d.txt summary: While most publications by clinicians and researchers have been focusing on the epicenter of COVID-19, i.e., Wuhan, China, this manuscript aims to cover the epidemiology of the COVID-19 infection in the Northern region of China, namely the Gansu (Northwest) and Jilin (Northeast) Provinces. We hypothesize that the general population continues to face dangerous SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission from distant locations, including from the epicenter (Wuhan, Hubei Province, China) , if no effective measures are implemented, despite considerable precautions being undertaken by the provincial governmental authorities. In northern China, the sequential procedures that were adopted were as follows: city lockdown, use of road blocks except for essential travel, maintenance of social distancing, restrictions on social gatherings, mandatory wearing of face masks in public, closure of manufacturing facilities and schools, temperature checking at building entrances, reporting of whereabouts and health condition via QR code app, and remote online working and schooling in the Gansu and Jilin Provinces during the first wave of COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has become a pandemic. The outbreak was able to be controlled in China by mid-April through the implementation of critical measures; however, significant reverse transmission has resulted in hot spots perturbing prevention and control. To date, there have only been a total of 92 indigenous COVID-19 cases confirmed in the Gansu Province, which is considered to be a consequence of the strict screening approach applied during the outbreak. The emergency response level to COVID-19 were able to be decreased from high to low, despite some relatively minor reverse transmission cases from other countries in March 2020. The stringent preparative measures undertaken by the Gansu authorities, involving high-level, streamlined cooperation between the transportation, quarantine, and medical resource departments, have underpinned this success. There has been an emergence of clusters of freshly infected COVID-19 patients in the Jilin Province in northeast China. The single largest cluster has been in Shulan of the Jilin Province, involving 43 confirmed infections. A strict lockdown was implemented immediately. The source of the current outbreak of COVID-19 is suggested to be travelers returning from Russia. The current strategy from the Chinese authorities is aimed at preventing reverse transmission via international importation to avert a rebound of COVID-19 in China. These data highlight the need for an exceptionally high level of vigilance and for a pre-emptive response that is informative for the development of policy to prevent a second and further waves of infections in general. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.555550 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.555550 id: cord-347890-kx5vka0o author: Fan, Qian title: Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Wuhan date: 2020-07-21 words: 3775.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347890-kx5vka0o.txt summary: Hence, we performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 in Wuhan and further classified the populations according to gender. As shown in Table 2 , we performed a combined association analysis between ABO blood group and COVID-19, which showed a statistically significant difference in COVID-19 infection among those with blood type A (P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.73) but not blood types B, AB or O (P = 0.48, OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66-1.23; P=0.61, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53-1.46; and P = 0.23, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58-1.15, respectively). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the ABO blood group to COVID-19 susceptibility in Wuhan by employing a case-control association analysis. abstract: Background: The ABO blood group system has been associated with multiple infectious diseases, including hepatitis B, dengue haemorrhagic fever and so on. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory infectious disease and the relationship between COVID-19 and ABO blood group system needs to be explored urgently. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 1 January 2020 to 5 March 2020. A total of 105 COVID-19 cases and 103 controls were included. The blood group frequency was tested with the chi-square statistic, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between cases and controls. In addition, according to gender, the studied population was divided into two subgroups, and we assessed the association between cases and controls by gender. Finally, considering lymphopenia as a feature of COVID-19, the relationship between the ABO blood group and the lymphocyte count was determined in case samples. Results: The frequencies of blood types A, B, AB, and O were 42.8, 26.7, 8.57, and 21.9%, respectively, in the case group. Association analysis between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 indicated that there was a statistically significant difference for blood type A (P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.73) but not for blood types B, AB or O (P = 0.48, OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66–1.23; P = 0.61, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53–1.46; and P = 0.23, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58–1.15, respectively). An analysis stratified by gender revealed that the association was highly significant between blood type A in the female subgroup (P = 0.02, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.08–2.27) but not in the male subgroup (P = 0.51, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.78–1.67). The average level of lymphocyte count was the lowest with blood type A in patients, however, compared with other blood types, there was still no significant statistical difference. Conclusions: Our findings provide epidemiological evidence that females with blood type A are susceptible to COVID-19. However, these research results need to be validated in future studies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00404 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00404 id: cord-255367-do9jw51z author: Fan, Qianqian title: Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation date: 2020-09-21 words: 895.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255367-do9jw51z.txt summary: title: Spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in a patient with COVID-19: a 92-day observation This report describes a patient with COVID-19 who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae during the course of the infection. This report describes the complete clinical course in a patient with COVID-19, who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae simultaneously. Consecutive chest CT scans demonstrated an eventual resolution of the pneumothorax and subpleural bullae on day 92, after recovery from pneumonia (Fig. 2B) . However, this report revealed that subpleural bullae and pneumothorax could completely resolve after recovery from COVID-19. This report described the complete radiological and clinical course of a COVID-19 patient with spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae. It indicated subpleural consolidation with a persistent cough might be a risk factor of spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae in COVID-19 patients. abstract: This report describes a patient with COVID-19 who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae during the course of the infection. Consecutive chest computed tomography images indicated that COVID-19-associated pneumonia had damaged the subpleural alveoli and distal bronchus. Coughing might have induced a sudden increase in intra-alveolar pressure, leading to the rupture of the subpleural alveoli and distal bronchus and resulting in spontaneous pneumothorax and subpleural bullae. At the 92-day follow-up, the pneumothorax and subpleural bullae had completely resolved, which indicated that these complications had self-limiting features. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa305 doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa305 id: cord-337297-fkw8780t author: Fan, Siyuan title: Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-07-10 words: 4698.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337297-fkw8780t.txt summary: Methods: This retrospective single-center case series analyzed critically ill patients with COVID-19 at the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from February 5 to April 2, 2020. Herein, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the neurological manifestations of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICU) to explore various pathophysiological mechanisms that could contribute to neurological complications in these patients. COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019; AIS, acute ischemic stroke; WBC, white blood cell; ALT, alanine transaminase, cTnI, High-sensitive cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IQR, interquartile range. The clinical spectrum of neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was broad, including delirium, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, flaccid paralysis and rhabdomyolysis. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: Background: The complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involved multiple organs or systems, especially in critically ill patients. We aim to investigate the neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective single-center case series analyzed critically ill patients with COVID-19 at the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from February 5 to April 2, 2020. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, comorbidities and treatments were collected and analyzed. Results: Among 86 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 54 patients (62.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 66.6 (11.1) years. Overall, 65% patients presented with at least one neurological symptom. Twenty patients (23.3%) had symptoms involving the central nervous system, including delirium, cerebrovascular diseases and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, while 6 patients (7%) had neuromuscular involvement. Seven of 86 patients exhibited new stroke and 6 (7%) cases were ischemic. A significantly higher prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies was observed in patients with ischemic stroke than in those without stroke (83.3 vs. 26.9%, p < 0.05). Patients with ischemic stroke were more likely to have a higher myoglobulin level, and a lower hemoglobin level. Conclusions: The clinical spectrum of neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was broad. Stroke, delirium and neuromuscular diseases are common neurological complications of COVID-19. Physicians should pay close attention to neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00806 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00806 id: cord-285051-jmdfyydc author: Fan, Wen-juan title: Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review date: 2020-07-02 words: 1566.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285051-jmdfyydc.txt summary: title: Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological disorder in patients with COVID-19: A protocol of systematic review BACKGROUND: This study will explore the effect of advanced nursing care (ANC) on psychological disorder (PD) in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS: This study will explore the effect of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19 through outcome indicators. [12] A variety of studies reported that patients who received or even cured with this condition often experience psychological disorder (PD), including depression, and anxiety. Therefore, this study will aim to assess the effect of ANC on managing PD in patients with COVID-19. The present study will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on investigating the effect of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19, irrespective language, and publication status. Thus, this study is the first one to systematically and comprehensively appraise the effects of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study will explore the effect of advanced nursing care (ANC) on psychological disorder (PD) in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This study will search the following electronic databases up to June 30, 2020: Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, OpenGrey, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, CNKI, and WANGFANG. We will not impose any language limitations. Two authors will independently identify titles/abstracts and full-text of all potential studies, and will collect data from eligible studies. Additionally, study quality will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias. If necessary, we will conduct meta-analysis if sufficient trials are included. RESULTS: This study will explore the effect of ANC on PD in patients with COVID-19 through outcome indicators. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may supply summarized evidence of ANC for the management of PD in COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42020187610. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021026 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021026 id: cord-335108-5u3578ws author: Fang, C. title: Extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 on CT: relationship with pulmonary parenchymal disease date: 2020-07-10 words: 2843.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335108-5u3578ws.txt summary: Abstract Aim To report the severity and extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTD) in COVID-19 patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in a tertiary centre. The aim of the present study was to report the severity and extent of PTD in patients with confirmed COVID-19 who have undergone CTPA imaging in a tertiary centre. The secondary aims are (1) to assess the effectiveness of the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) current guidance on the pattern and extent of lung parenchymal abnormalities in COVID-19, and (2) to assess whether there is any difference in the patterns and severity of pulmonary parenchymal disease on CT in COVID-19 patients with and without PTD. CT patterns and severity of lung parenchymal disease, severity and extent of PTD, presence of CT signs of pulmonary hypertension, CT features of possible fibrosis, and intrathoracic lymph node enlargement were reviewed. abstract: Abstract Aim To report the severity and extent of pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTD) in COVID-19 patients undergoing computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in a tertiary centre. Materials and methods This is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients undergoing CTPA over a period of 27 days. The presence, extent, and severity of PTD were documented. Two observers scored the pattern and extent of lung parenchymal disease including potential fibrotic features, as well as lymph node enlargement and pleural effusions. Consensus was achieved via a third observer. Interobserver agreement was assessed using kappa statistics. Student’s t-test, chi-squared, and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used to compare imaging features between PTD and non-PTD sub-groups. Results During the study period, 100 patients with confirmed COVID-19 underwent CTPA imaging. Ninety-three studies were analysed, excluding indeterminate CTPA examinations. Overall incidence of PTD was 41/93 (44%) with 28/93 patients showing small vessel PTD (30%). D-dimer was elevated in 90/93 (96.8%) cases. A high Wells’ score did not differentiate between PTD and non-PTD groups (p=0.801). The interobserver agreement was fair (kappa=0.659) for parenchymal patterns and excellent (kappa=0.816) for severity. Thirty-four of the 93 cases (36.6%) had lymph node enlargement; 29/34 (85.3%) showed no additional source of infection. Sixteen of the 93 (17.2%) cases had potential fibrotic features. Conclusion There is a high incidence of PTD in COVID-19 patients undergoing CTPA and lack of a risk stratification tool. The present data indicate a higher suspicion of PTD is needed in severe COVID-19 patients. The concomitant presence of possible fibrotic features on CT indicates the need for follow-up. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009926020302695 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.002 id: cord-318204-t024w7h6 author: Fang, Ferric C title: The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions date: 2020-06-08 words: 2976.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318204-t024w7h6.txt summary: As communities attempt to re-open following periods of shutdown, the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and specific antibodies recognizing the virus will become increasingly important as a means to assess infection and immunity in individuals and communities. In view of the less than ideal sensitivity of an NP swab to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, it may be useful to repeat testing in a patient in whom the clinical suspicion is high (32) . Although the primary use of serologic tests is to determine prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the detection of specific antibodies may support the diagnosis of COVID-19 in a patient with a high clinical suspicion but negative PCR tests (57-59). Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a serologic marker of infection abstract: Diagnostic testing has played and will continue to play a major role in the COVID-19 pandemic. The ability to detect the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in respiratory secretions is essential to determine when an individual is infected and potentially infectious to others. Viral detection is used for the identification, management and isolation of individual patients. Viral detection is also used to determine when the virus has entered a community and how rapidly it is spreading. As communities attempt to re-open following periods of shutdown, the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and specific antibodies recognizing the virus will become increasingly important as a means to assess infection and immunity in individuals and communities. Here we discuss questions commonly asked by clinicians about COVID-19 diagnostic testing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511679/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa742 id: cord-290267-ke696q8j author: Fang, Huilin title: Impact of comorbidities on clinical prognosis in 1280 patients with different types of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-13 words: 4880.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290267-ke696q8j.txt summary: In this study, we included patients with COVID-19, divided them into ordinary, severe, and critical types according to the clinical manifestations at admission, and aimed to assess the impact of comorbidities on prognosis in patients with three different types of COVID-19, and to provide reference for the treatment of these patients. According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Seventh Edition) issued by the National Health Commission, all patients were divided into ordinary, severe, and critical types based on their clinical manifestations at admission. These results indicated that comorbidities can significantly affect the clinical course (length of hospital stay, time from onset to discharge) of ordinary patients, reduce the cure rate, and increase mortality rate of critical patients. In terms of clinical symptoms, ordinary patients without hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease had a significantly higher proportion of fever compared with patients who had those comorbidities (p<0.05). abstract: The study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with different types (ordinary, severe, and critical) of COVID-19. A total of 1280 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively studied, including 793 ordinary patients, 363 severe patients and 124 critical patients. The impact of comorbidities on prognosis in ordinary, severe, and critical patients were compared and analyzed. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (33.0%), followed by diabetes (14.4%). The length of hospital stay and time from the onset to discharge were significantly longer in ordinary patients with comorbidities compared with those without comorbidities. Critical patients with comorbidities had significantly lower cure rate (19.3% vs 38.9%, p<0.05) and significantly higher mortality rate (53.4% vs 33.3%, p<0.05) compared with those without comorbidities. The time from onset to discharge was significantly longer in ordinary patients with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. The mortality rate of critical patients with diabetes was higher than that of patients without diabetes (71.4% vs 42.7%, p<0.05). Men had a significantly increased risk of death than women (OR=4.395, 95% CI 1.896 to 10.185, p<0.05); patients with diabetes had higher risk of death (OR=3.542, 95% CI 1.167 to 10.750, p<0.05). Comorbidities prolonged treatment time in ordinary patients, increased the mortality rate and reduced the cure rate of critical patients; hypertension and diabetes may be important factors affecting the clinical course and prognosis of ordinary and critical patients, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051358/ doi: 10.1136/jim-2020-001555 id: cord-277188-t33nw4zb author: Fang, Jie title: Efficacy of Early Combination Therapy With Lianhuaqingwen and Arbidol in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-18 words: 4641.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277188-t33nw4zb.txt summary: RESULTS: The early combined usage of LHQW and Arbidol can significantly accelerate the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19 by reducing the time to conversion to nucleic acid negativity, the time to chest CT improvement, and the length of hospital stay. One case report of four patients with mild or severe COVID-19 in Shanghai (China) found that combining antiviral drugs (lopinavir/ ritonavir or Arbidol) with TCM (Shufengjiedu capsule) resulted in a significant improvement in clinical symptoms . In conclusion, this retrospective study demonstrated that the early administration of LHQW + Arbidol combination therapy could significantly accelerate recovery in patients with moderate COVID-19 by reducing the time to conversion to nucleic acid Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org September 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 560209 negativity, the time to chest CT improvement and the length of hospital stay. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan City, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. However, no special therapeutic drugs have been identified for COVID-19. The aim of this study was to search for drugs to effectively treat COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a total of 162 adult inpatients (≥18 years old) from Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) and Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) between January 27, 2020, and March 10, 2020. The enrolled COVID-19 patients were first divided into the Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) monotherapy group and the LHQW + Arbidol combination therapy group. Then, these two groups were further classified into moderate and severe groups according to the clinical classification of COVID-19. RESULTS: The early combined usage of LHQW and Arbidol can significantly accelerate the recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19 by reducing the time to conversion to nucleic acid negativity, the time to chest CT improvement, and the length of hospital stay. However, no benefit was observed in severe COVID-19 patients treated with the combination of LHQW + Arbidol. In this study, both Arbidol and LHQW were well tolerated without serious drug-associated adverse events. CONCLUSION: The early combined usage of LHQW and Arbidol may accelerate recovery and improve the prognosis of patients with moderate COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.560209 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.560209 id: cord-023038-p9w9fwak author: Fang, Mengjie title: CT radiomics can help screen the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a preliminary study date: 2020-04-15 words: 2540.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023038-p9w9fwak.txt summary: The radiomics, which explores huge amounts of features from medical image for disease diagnosis, may help the screen of the COVID-19. The radiomics workflow of this study includes retrospective data collection, lung lesion segmentation, image preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection and signature construction, and performance evaluation. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves are plotted for the features and the radiomic signature to assess their predictive performances and are compared using the Delong test. The stratification analysis is presented on gender, age, with/without chronic disease and degree of severity to evaluate the association of radiomic signature with COVID-19 in different clinical subgroups. We evaluate the predictive ability of the radiomic features based on univariate analysis, and find that 23 features yield significant differences between COVID-19 and other types of pneumonias with p-values < 0.05. The experimental results have demonstrated that many radiomic features from the pneumonia are highly associated with the infection of COVID-19. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raging across the world. The radiomics, which explores huge amounts of features from medical image for disease diagnosis, may help the screen of the COVID-19. In this study, we aim to develop a radiomic signature to screen COVID-19 from CT images. We retrospectively collect 75 pneumonia patients from Beijing Youan Hospital, including 46 patients with COVID-19 and 29 other types of pneumonias. These patients are divided into training set (n = 50) and test set (n = 25) at random. We segment the lung lesions from the CT images, and extract 77 radiomic features from the lesions. Then unsupervised consensus clustering and multiple cross-validation are utilized to select the key features that are associated with the COVID-19. In the experiments, while twenty-three radiomic features are found to be highly associated with COVID-19, four key features are screened and used as the inputs of support vector machine to build the radiomic signature. We use area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve to assess the performance of our model. It yields AUCs of 0.862 and 0.826 in the training set and the test set respectively. We also perform the stratified analysis and find that its predictive ability is not affected by gender, age, chronic disease and degree of severity. In conclusion, we investigate the value of radiomics in screening COVID-19, and the experimental results suggest the radiomic signature could be a potential tool for diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166002/ doi: 10.1007/s11432-020-2849-3 id: cord-315961-rnzy0wlr author: Fang, Nancy Z. title: A hospital-based COVID-19 abortion case in the early phase of the pandemic() date: 2020-05-19 words: 981.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315961-rnzy0wlr.txt summary: In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) occurred in New York State on March 1, 2020; widespread community transmission followed. Throughout this time, our hospital recommended N95 masks and face shields for healthcare workers and negative pressure rooms, if available, during aerosolizing procedures in known or suspected COVID-19 infection. This case report describes our experience caring for an asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient. Further, home-based care or hospitalization would increase COVID-19 exposure. We recommend staff providing surgical abortion or anesthesia universally use PPE advised for COVID-19 positive patients in settings with high rates of community transmission. COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals COVID-19: The Case for Health-Care Worker Screening to Prevent Hospital Transmission. abstract: In this case report we discuss changes in hospital-based abortion care due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight our experience with exposure to an asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient. We hope early lessons from the United States epicenter will guide clinicians providing abortion care during this and future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416144/ doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.05.005 id: cord-330151-7ylnxtcq author: Fang, Shilin title: Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-10-05 words: 865.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330151-7ylnxtcq.txt summary: title: Decreased complement C3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study METHODS: The levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), complement (C3, C4) results were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (HR: 1.099; 95%CI: 1.057-1.143; p < 0.0001), d-dimer greater (HR: 1.294; 95%CI: 1.138-1.473; p < 0.0001) and decreased complement C3 level (HR: 0.073; 95%CI: 0.007-0.722; p = 0.025) on admission. Finally, in survival COVID-19 patients whose humoral immunity was re-examined, C3 levels tended to increase, while in non-survivors it decreased. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 330 and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of 394 severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases, Translational research : the journal of 395 laboratory and clinical medicine abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the humoral immune feature of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The levels of total immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), complement (C3, C4) results were retrospectively analyzed in COVID-19 patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to explore the risk factors associated with the in-hospital death. RESULT: A total of 236 patients were enrolled in this study, of which 169 were transferred to another institution or discharged (survival group) and 67 died in hospital (non-survival group). Compared with survivors, the levels of IgA and IgE in non-survivors increased significantly, and level of complement C3 decreased. Non-survivors also showed higher incidence of chest tightness, breath shortness and dyspnoea; higher levels of inflammatory indicators, leukocytes and neutrophils; and low levels of lymphocyte subsets. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (HR: 1.099; 95%CI: 1.057-1.143; p < 0.0001), d-dimer greater (HR: 1.294; 95%CI: 1.138-1.473; p < 0.0001) and decreased complement C3 level (HR: 0.073; 95%CI: 0.007-0.722; p = 0.025) on admission. Finally, in survival COVID-19 patients whose humoral immunity was re-examined, C3 levels tended to increase, while in non-survivors it decreased. CONCLUSION: Low level of complement C3 may be an alert to the admitted COVID-19 patients with additional management. Inhibition of the complement pathway might be an effective therapeutic to COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576920316970?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107070 id: cord-334298-b3uv6310 author: Fang, Xinyu title: Depressive symptoms in the front-line non-medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan date: 2020-07-16 words: 3693.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334298-b3uv6310.txt summary: Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the targeted psychological intervention measures should be developed to improve the mental health of non-medical workers on the front-line of COVID-19 epidemic, especially the females and younger individuals. Only subjects who meet the following criteria and chose yes were taken to the questionnaire page: 1) age > 20 years, 2) no dyslexia, 3) As a front-line non-medical volunteer in Wuhan, 4) in good health of the physical condition as no heart, liver, kidney and other physical diseases, not take any medicine for nearly 1 month, 5) never been diagnosed with a mental disorder, 6) worked on the front-line of COVID-19 outbreak for more than 15 days, 7) Willing to participate in this survey. After stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted, variables including post-90s (β = 0.908, P = 0.016), the overall emotional reaction (β = 0.122, P = 0.005) and physical reaction (β = 0.124, P = 0.020) in SQR were significant independent responsible for the development of depression in front-line non-medical workers volunteered in Wuhan during COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been raising global anxiety and fear to the real or perceived health threat from the virus. This study aimed to investigate the psychological impacts and depression in the front-line non-medical workers in Wuhan, the first and the worst hit place by COVID-19. Methods: A total of 191 front-line non-medical workers in Wuhan were recruited by online survey. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ) were used. The results showed that 50.3% (96) participants reported the clinically significant symptoms of depression. Results: Among them, 33.0% (63) participants were with mild depression, 10.5% (20) participants with moderate depression, 5.8% (11) with moderately severe depression, and 1% (2) with severe depression. Participants with depression tend to be post-90s (the generation born after 1990s), females, with increased levels of stress reactions, increased negative affects, but lower positive affects compared to these without depression. The stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that post-90s (β = 0.908, P = 0.016), the emotional reaction (β = 0.122, P = 0.005) and physical reaction (β = 0.124, P = 0.020) in SQR were significant independent responsible for the development of depression. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the targeted psychological intervention measures should be developed to improve the mental health of non-medical workers on the front-line of COVID-19 epidemic, especially the females and younger individuals. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720324757?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.078 id: cord-269044-47dmpmo0 author: Fantola, Giovanni title: Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 words: 1089.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269044-47dmpmo0.txt summary: title: Is There a Role for ERAS Program Implementation to Restart Bariatric Surgery After the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic? "All elective surgical and endoscopic cases for metabolic and bariatric surgery should be postponed during the pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic showed the intrinsic frailty of those patients affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome, while obesity "per se" is considered a risk factor for infection, need ICU admission, and death [16, 17] . We still do not know what will happen after COVID19 peak, but it is reasonable to envision a slow and progressive restart of elective surgical activity during the second pandemic phase, when the risk of infection could remain still quite high but acceptable. Hospital will remain one of the main sites of virus spreading, and surgeons need to protect patient with obesity from the present COVID-19 extraordinary virulence. Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415630/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04676-0 id: cord-286335-benansqq author: Faqihi, Fahad title: Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency date: 2020-08-28 words: 986.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286335-benansqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286335-benansqq.txt summary: title: Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Bordetella bronchiseptica in a young man with idiopathic non-cystic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of co-infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and SARS-CoV-2 in a young patient with underlying idiopathic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency that was treated successfully with a combination therapeutic regime integrating doxycycline, empiric therapies for COVID-19, vitamin D supplementation, and supportive ICU care. Notably, it has been speculated that vitamin D 3 supplementation may reduce the infection risk in idiopathic bronchiectasis as well as ameliorate the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 [11, 12] . We are briefly presenting a rare co-infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and SARS-CoV-2 in a young man with underlying idiopathic bronchiectasis and vitamin D 3 deficiency. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 abstract: This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of co-infection of Bordetella bronchiseptica and SARS-CoV-2 in a young patient with underlying idiopathic bronchiectasis and vitamin D(3) deficiency that was treated successfully with a combination therapeutic regime integrating doxycycline, empiric therapies for COVID-19, vitamin D supplementation, and supportive ICU care. Large prospective studies are required to investigate further the role of co-infections in COVID-19 patients with bronchiectasis. Randomized control trials should examine the putative beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120304172?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101203 id: cord-295341-wkehj39d author: Faqihi, Fahad title: Comment on Hu et al: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 735.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295341-wkehj39d.txt summary: The authors outlined the main pathophysiologic features of the cytokine storm, which was linked to fulminant SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) and its putative therapies, in the absence of effective vaccines and antiviral treatment. TPE still carries the risk of exposure to a highly transmissible virus; hence, proper application of personal protective equipment by the staff, careful handling of the TPE devices, and utilization of the pertinent disposables as biohazardous materials is deemed to be necessary as should be the case for all extracorporeal blood purification therapies used in COVID-19 patients. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: We read with interest the excellent review by Hu et al(1) published in the recent issue of the Journal of Medical Virology. The authors outlined the main pathophysiologic features of the cytokine storm, which was linked to fulminant SARS‐CoV‐2 disease (COVID‐19) and its putative therapies, in the absence of effective vaccines and antiviral treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761905/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26396 id: cord-340029-iv2x1vap author: Farabi, Banu title: Comment on “Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment” date: 2020-06-14 words: 811.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340029-iv2x1vap.txt summary: showed that there is no death due to COVID-19 and only one hospitalization, fully recovered amongst the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving a biological treatment and renal transplant recipients who were under immunosuppressive therapies (4) . Since, we do not have much data on biologics in psoriasis patients effecting COVID-19 disease course, current data suggests that there is no increase morbidity/ mortality amongst these patients. Risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 infection in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving a biological treatment and renal transplanted recipients in maintenance immunosuppressive treatment Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times Safety and effectiveness of conventional systemic therapy and biological drugs in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis and HIV infection: a retrospective multicenter study Psoriasis treatment in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review of systemic immunosuppressive therapies abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13840 doi: 10.1111/dth.13840 id: cord-347121-5drl3xas author: Farah, I. title: A global omics data sharing and analytics marketplace: Case study of a rapid data COVID-19 pandemic response platform. date: 2020-09-29 words: 16886.0 sentences: 784.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347121-5drl3xas.txt summary: The platform combines patient genomic & omics data sets, a marketplace for AI & bioinformatics algorithms, new diagnostic tools, and data-sharing capabilities to advance virus epidemiology and biomarker discovery. The platform is a proven research ecosystem used by universities, biotech, and bioinformatics organizations to share and analyze omics data and can be used for a variety of use cases; from precision medicine, drug discovery, translational science to building data repositories, and tackling a disease outbreak. Our approach is designed to provide healthcare professionals with an urgently needed platform to find and analyze genetic data, and securely and anonymously share sensitive patient data to fight the disease outbreak. Among other use-cases, the provided platform can be used to rapidly study SARS-CoV-2, including analyses of the host response to COVID-19 disease, establish a multi-institutional collaborative datahub for rapid response for current and future pandemics, characterizing potential co-infections, and identifying potential therapeutic targets for preclinical and clinical development. abstract: Under public health emergencies, particularly an early epidemic, it is fundamental that genetic and other healthcare data is shared across borders in both a timely and accurate manner before the outbreak of a global pandemic. However, although the COVID-19 pandemic has created a tidal wave of data, most patient data is siloed, not easily accessible, and due to low sample size, largely not actionable. Based on the precision medicine platform Shivom, a novel and secure data sharing and data analytics marketplace, we developed a versatile pandemic preparedness platform that allows healthcare professionals to rapidly share and analyze genetic data. The platform solves several problems of the global medical and research community, such as siloed data, cross-border data sharing, lack of state-of-the-art analytic tools, GDPR-compliance, and ease-of-use. The platform serves as a central marketplace of 'discoverability'. The platform combines patient genomic & omics data sets, a marketplace for AI & bioinformatics algorithms, new diagnostic tools, and data-sharing capabilities to advance virus epidemiology and biomarker discovery. The bioinformatics marketplace contains some preinstalled COVID-19 pipelines to analyze virus- and host genomes without the need for bioinformatics expertise. The platform will be the quickest way to rapidly gain insight into the association between virus-host interactions and COVID-19 in various populations which can have a significant impact on managing the current pandemic and potential future disease outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.20203257 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.28.20203257 id: cord-279468-xe84s5i4 author: Fares, Elie title: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 date: 2020-10-31 words: 385.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279468-xe84s5i4.txt summary: title: DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS DUE TO COVID-19 Chest X-ray showed dense bilateral airspace opacities. DISCUSSION: While the primary signs and symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and dyspnea, other reported manifesations include kawasaki-like disease in children (2) and cutaneous manifestations such as livedo reticularis (3). We believe that in our case the patient''s infection with COVID-19 & its subsequent increased inflammatory state led to her developing MPA vasculitis with subsequent pulmonary-renal syndrome complicated by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, rapidly progressive renal failure and ultimately death. Her clinical and serologic picture were consistent with a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. With vasculitis potentially being one of COVID-19''s presenting symptoms, prompt diagnosis and intervention is essential in improving outcomes. Kawasaki-like disease: emerging complication during the COVID-19 pandemic Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: Report of three cases and a review of literature abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220329081 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.722 id: cord-354353-hyz0gmpz author: Farhangrazi, Z. Shadi title: Airborne Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2 Partnership: Virus Hitchhiking, Stabilization and Immune Cell Targeting — A Hypothesis date: 2020-09-24 words: 2465.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354353-hyz0gmpz.txt summary: While long-term exposure to air pollutants such as PM 2.5 and nitrous dioxide contributes to persistent inflammatory responses and cardiopulmonary diseases (7) , which might increase vulnerability to COVID-19, it is also plausible that depending on the environment SARS-CoV-2 "hitchhiking" on airborne PM pollutants might be an additional mechanism for spreading the infection. In summary, although long-term exposure to polluted air might increase vulnerability to COVID-19 through prior adverse cellular effects of settled PM (24), our proposed "hitchhiking" hypothesis offers an additional multi-mechanistic pathogenic process through delivery of low viral titres with diverse PM-virus composites and is applicable to both indoor and outdoor situations, where the pathogenic severity is dependent on PM concentration, composition, shape and size as well as the infectious viral load. Contrary to the suggestions that long-term exposure to PM might increase vulnerability to SAR-CoV-2 infection, inhaled PM might promote some forms of immunity to the virus in some individuals. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.579352 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579352 id: cord-315310-j739aqso author: Farhoudian, A. title: A global survey on changes in the supply, price and use of illicit drugs and alcohol, and related complications during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 words: 6683.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315310-j739aqso.txt summary: Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals'' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess addiction medicine professionals'' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. 16.20155341 doi: medRxiv preprint Here, we report results from the first round of the ISAM global survey on drug and alcohol use, price, supply and complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper provides an analysis of data obtained from the situation assessment section of the survey concerning changes in drug use, supply, price, risky behaviors, as well as related measures namely morbidities, mortalities and overdose rates during the COVID-19 pandemic period in different countries (18). abstract: Background and aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 13 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing and 'lockdown' measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4th, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered ''decreased'' or ''increased'', percentage of those who were in majority is reported in the parenthesis) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%), and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to SUDs. Key words: COVID-19, pandemic, alcohol, drug, substance use disorder, supply, price. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155341 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155341 id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 words: 8134.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt summary: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). url: https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 id: cord-298475-3bhiattk author: Farmaki, Anna title: Impacts of Covid-19 on peer-to-peer accommodation platforms: Host perceptions and responses date: 2020-09-03 words: 9838.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298475-3bhiattk.txt summary: The peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation sector has attempted to follow suit, with platforms such as Airbnb and Booking.com responding to the effects of Covid-19 in numerous ways. In recent years changes have been observed in the P2P accommodation sector as the growth of certain platforms (i.e. Airbnb) and the competition among hosts has led to the adoption of professional hospitality standards (Farmaki and Kaniadakis, 2020; . Within this type of hosts, we also identified participants that were previously involved in long-term renting; yet, they decided to switch to short-term rentals via P2P accommodation platforms as their popularity grew, allowing them to earn more money. Overall, five types of hosts were identified and categorised on a continuum (figure 1) according to their long-term perspective (i.e. decision to continue hosting on P2P accommodation platforms) and level of practice adjustment. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought international tourism at a standstill. Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation, in particular, has been greatly affected with platforms being heavily criticised for lacking a strategic response to users’ needs. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with P2P accommodation hosts, this study aims to explore: a) their perceptions of the short-term impacts of the pandemic on their hosting practice, b) their responses to the pandemic and c) their perceptions of the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the P2P accommodation sector. The study offers a continuum of host pandemic responses which illustrates different types of hosts in relation to their market perspective and intention to continue hosting on P2P platforms. The continuum carries theoretical implications as it offers insights to academics exploring crisis impacts on P2P accommodation. It is also of practical value to platforms and practitioners as it may lead to improved crisis management strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102663 id: cord-281003-7pdhxdzc author: Farmakis, Dimitrios title: COVID‐19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation date: 2020-07-13 words: 2829.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281003-7pdhxdzc.txt summary: METHODS: The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion‐dependent or non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions across the world, having caused hundreds of thousands deaths. However, disease-related complications may affect multiple organs including the heart, liver, endocrine glands, lungs and the immune system, thus rendering this patient population at an increased risk to develop serious complications during COVID-19. 2, 3, 11 This is especially so in patients who receive suboptimal management and lack access to modern therapy and Thalassaemia patients do not have the same risk of pulmonary infections with sickle cell disease patients but, they may have multiple organ complications, often due to iron overload, including cardiac and hepatic, diabetes mellitus and endocrine disease. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID‐19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for haemoglobinopathy patients, their families and their attending physicians. METHODS: The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion‐dependent or non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. Key areas covered include patients’ risk level, adaptation of haemoglobinopathy care, safety of blood transfusions, blood supply challenges, and lifestyle and nutritional considerations. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed measures and strategies may be useful as a blueprint for other disorders which require regular hospital visits, as well as for the timely adaptation of patient care during similar future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573838/ doi: 10.1111/ejh.13476 id: cord-352460-ql0eogzz author: Farmer, Nicole title: COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date: 2020-07-10 words: 2546.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.txt summary: Reasons for the disparity in COVID-19 affecting African Americans are likely multifactorial, including structural inequities and social injustice, misinformation about infection risk, limited testing availability and health care access, and disproportionate prevalence of preexisting conditions. 13 Consequences of these neighborhood environments can directly impact physical and mental health: less access to foods identified to prevent chronic diseases, 14 increased exposure to violence, 15, 16 and less access to green space, 17 a known mitigating factor of psychosocial stress. Examples of how multilevel interventions may be useful during this pandemic to address psychosocial health and health-promoting behaviors may include health communication and messaging interventions (institutional and societal levels); promotion and identification of locations within an area to engage in social distancing physical activities (neighborhood levels); family-based interventions around instrumental or emotional support (interpersonal level); and psychological interventions on perception and self-awareness of behaviors (individual level). abstract: Recently, racial and ethnic disparities within the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the state level have received attention and notably highlight the ongoing issues surrounding health disparities within the United States. Among the discussions around health disparities lies a discussion on the role of psychosocial stress during this pandemic, especially with broadly applied social distancing and isolation recommendations. In nonpandemic times, psychosocial stressors have a significant association with physiological responses and behavioral responses. Within the current pandemic, increased attention on health-promoting behaviors, such as cooking and physical activity, has occurred. However, based on disparities from structural racism and socioeconomic effects on neighborhood environments, we may see a limiting value to the possible mitigating role of health behaviors within some disparate communities. We present in this perspective that there may be a role for behavioral interventions to mitigate psychosocial stressors and promote health behaviors. It may also be important to consider the use of multilevel behavioral interventions designed in the context of environmental and perceptual barriers during the COIVD-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775940/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0026 id: cord-322641-mz0b91xr author: Farnsworth, Christopher W title: SARS-CoV-2 Serology: Much Hype, Little Data date: 2020-04-28 words: 1566.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322641-mz0b91xr.txt summary: In response to a lack of COVID-19 testing the FDA issued guidance regarding serologic assays, stating that although manufacturers could use the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) pathway for approval, serologic assays could also be marketed in the US bypassing this approval process (2) . Serology has been suggested to play three roles in the COVID-19 pandemic; 1) diagnosis, 2) identification of convalescent plasma donors, 3) screening populations with the purpose of determining exposure and immunity. If the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population is 20% a test with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% will make the value of a positive result (PPV) 92.5% (Figure 1 ). The importance of specificity of serologic tests for screening low prevalence populations was recently demonstrated in a non-peer reviewed publication (11) . The authors found that 1.5% of those screened were positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and, after analysis, found the estimated prevalence to be 2.4%. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343775/ doi: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa107 id: cord-344252-6g3zzj0o author: Farooq, Junaid title: A Novel Adaptive Deep Learning Model of Covid-19 with focus on mortality reduction strategies date: 2020-07-21 words: 6951.0 sentences: 361.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344252-6g3zzj0o.txt summary: We employ deep learning to propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based and data stream guided real-time incremental learning algorithm for parameter estimation of a non-intrusive, intelligent, adaptive and online analytical model of Covid-19 disease. In this work, we employ deep learning to propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based real-time online incremental learning technique to estimate parameters of a data stream guided analytical model of Covid-19 to study the transmission dynamics and prevention mechanism for SARS-Cov-2 novel coronavirus in order to aid in optimal policy formulation, efficient decision making, forecasting and simulation. To the best of our knowledge, this paper develops for the first time a deep learning model of epidemic diseases with data science approach in which parameters are intelligently adapted to the new ground realities with fast evolving infection dynamics. abstract: We employ deep learning to propose an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based and data stream guided real-time incremental learning algorithm for parameter estimation of a non-intrusive, intelligent, adaptive and online analytical model of Covid-19 disease. Modeling and simulation of such problems poses an additional challenge of continuously evolving training data in which the model parameters change over time depending upon external factors. Our main contribution is that in a scenario of continuously evolving training data, unlike typical deep learning techniques, this non-intrusive model eliminates the need to retrain or rebuild the model from scratch every time a new training data set is received. After validating the model, we use it to study the impact of different strategies for epidemic control. Finally, we propose and simulate a strategy of controlled natural immunization through risk based population compartmentalization (PC) wherein the population is divided in Low Risk (LR) and High Risk (HR) compartments based on risk factors (like comorbidities and age) and subjected to different disease transmission dynamics by isolating the HR compartment while allowing the LR compartment to develop natural immunity. Upon release from the preventive isolation, the HR compartment finds itself surrounded by enough number of immunized individuals to prevent spread of infection and thus most of the deaths occurring in this group are avoided. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110148 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110148 id: cord-263244-dv2baj6j author: Farooqi, Kanwal M. title: Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 1188.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263244-dv2baj6j.txt summary: title: Recommendations for Risk Stratified Use of Cardiac Computed Tomography for Congenital Heart Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic We have stratified the most common indications for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) imaging in patients with CHD to help guide care for these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic including considerations for reopening. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is used to define cardiac anatomy in patients with known or suspected congenital heart disease (CHD) primarily to determine optimal timing of surgical or catheter based intervention, and to guide medical management [1] . The use of CCT amidst the COVID-19 pandemic for adult cardiac indications is outlined in recently published guidelines from the Society of Computed Tomography (SCCT) [3] . The use of cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients requires stratification to protect patients and staff, optimize use of personal protective equipment and minimize risk of adverse outcome from deferred testing. abstract: The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States and around the world has required significant changes to medical practice. Amidst the rapidly evolving public health emergency, hospital centers have been required to postpone elective procedures, preserve personal protective equipment (PPE), practice social distancing and limit staff exposures. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) often need urgent evaluation, most commonly for preprocedural evaluation. We have stratified the most common indications for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) imaging in patients with CHD to help guide care for these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic including considerations for reopening. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934592520301763?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.003 id: cord-353824-0oyvia6d author: Farooque, Umar title: Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report date: 2020-09-08 words: 1877.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353824-0oyvia6d.txt summary: Here we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute ischemic stroke in the absence of common risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents. A 70-year-old male patient, with no prior comorbidities, presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever, cough, and shortness of breath for four days, and altered level of consciousness and right-sided weakness with the sensory loss for one day. Here we report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute ischemic stroke without any predisposing conventional risk factors for cerebrovascular accident. Older age, high sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, cardiovascular diseases, secondary infections, ARDS, acute renal injury, lymphopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, CRP, ferritin, fibrin, and d-dimers are some of the factors in COVID-19 cases which can identify patients at risk of in-hospital mortality [13] . COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an active worldwide pandemic with diverse presentations and complications. Most patients present with constitutional and respiratory symptoms. Acute ischemic stroke remains a medical emergency even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute ischemic stroke in the absence of common risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents. A 70-year-old male patient, with no prior comorbidities, presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever, cough, and shortness of breath for four days, and altered level of consciousness and right-sided weakness with the sensory loss for one day. On examination, the patient had a score of 8/15 on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). There was a right-sided sensory loss and weakness in both upper and lower limbs with a positive Babinski's sign. The pulmonary examination was remarkable for bilateral crepitation. On blood workup, there was leukocytosis and raised c-reactive protein (CRP). D-dimer, ferritin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, and hypercoagulability workup were normal. Transthoracic echocardiography was also normal. COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the virus. Chest x-ray showed infiltrations in the left middle and both lower zones of the lungs in the peripheral distribution. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed peripheral and mid to basal predominant multilobar ground-glass opacities. CT scan of the head showed a large hypodense area, with a loss of gray and white matter differentiation, in the left middle cerebral artery territory. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed abnormal signal intensity area in the left parietal region. It appeared isointense on T1 image and hyperintense on T2 image. It also showed diffusion restriction on the diffusion-weighted 1 (DW1) image with corresponding low signals on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. These findings were consistent with left middle cerebral artery territory infarct due to COVID-19. The patient was intubated in the ED. He was deemed unfit for thrombolysis and started on aspirin, anti-coagulation, and other supportive measures. Patients with COVID-19 should be evaluated early for neurological signs. Timely workup and interventions should be performed in any patient suspected of having a stroke to reduce morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10310 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10310 id: cord-352538-cb3j2y1s author: Farrell, Penny title: COVID-19 and Pacific food system resilience: opportunities to build a robust response date: 2020-07-20 words: 4781.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352538-cb3j2y1s.txt summary: Bolstering regional production and intraregional trade in a currently import-dependent region could strengthen the regional economy, and provide the health benefits of consuming locally produced and harvested fresh foods – as well as decreasing reliance on global supply chains. Population data sourced from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020b) Table 1 Summary of key potential food system impacts in the Pacific region Global analysis of potential COVID-19 related impacts on food systems Pacific-specific food system context Potential food system, food security and nutrition impacts in Pacific Production Access to inputs may be limited by restrictions on travel, reducing agricultural production, yields and income; access to services may be reduced (e.g. veterinary, extension services). Domestically produced food supply to urban centres reduced (e.g. root crops, fruit, vegetables); potential reductions in distribution of imported food to rural areas; likely differential impacts for producers (e.g. based on geographical location, own transport); home gardening won''t be affected. abstract: The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of the Pacific food system to externalities and has had far-reaching impacts, despite the small number of COVID-19 cases recorded thus far. Measures adopted to mitigate risk from the pandemic have had severe impacts on tourism, remittances, and international trade, among other aspects of the political economy of the region, and are thus impacting on food systems, food security and livelihoods. Of particular concern will be the interplay between loss of incomes and the availability and affordability of local and imported foods. In this paper, we examine some of the key pathways of impact on food systems, and identify opportunities to strengthen Pacific food systems during these challenging times. The great diversity among Pacific Island Countries and Territories in their economies, societies, and agricultural potential will be an important guide to planning interventions and developing scenarios of alternative futures. Bolstering regional production and intraregional trade in a currently import-dependent region could strengthen the regional economy, and provide the health benefits of consuming locally produced and harvested fresh foods – as well as decreasing reliance on global supply chains. However, significant production, processing, and storage challenges remain and would need to be consistently overcome to influence a move away from shelf-stable foods, particularly during periods when human movement is restricted and during post-disaster recovery. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12571-020-01087-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837656/ doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01087-y id: cord-337926-6ddvqowr author: Farrell, Sarah title: Recommendations for the Care of Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients During the COVID Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 words: 3105.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337926-6ddvqowr.txt summary: The COVID pandemic has necessitated modifications to pediatric orthopaedic practice to protect patients, families, and healthcare workers and to minimize viral transmission. These guidelines, based on expert opinion and best available evidence, provide a framework for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID pandemic. Recommendations-General considerations [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] (1) Limit in-person patient review to definitive decision-maker (Attending surgeon) (1) Minimize personnel-excuse medical students and company representatives (2) Avoid laminar flow (3) Use N95 masks and gogglespower tools may be associated with significant droplet and fine particle generation (4) Use additional face shield-can be reusable (5) Do not use pulse lavage (6) Limit team in the operating room during high-risk periods-intubation/extubation (7) Use electrocautery with smoke evacuator (8) Use absorbable sutures as much as possible (9) Use clear dressings (10) Avoid PICO dressings (11) Use splints and removable casts abstract: The COVID pandemic has necessitated modifications to pediatric orthopaedic practice to protect patients, families, and healthcare workers and to minimize viral transmission. It is critical to balance the benefits of alterations to current practice to reduce the chances of COVID infection, with the potential long-term impact on patients. Early experiences of the pandemic from orthopaedic surgeons in China, Singapore, and Italy have provided the opportunity to take proactive and preventive measures to protect all involved in pediatric orthopaedic care. These guidelines, based on expert opinion and best available evidence, provide a framework for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID pandemic. General principles include limiting procedures to urgent cases such as traumatic injuries and deferring outpatient visits during the acute phase of the pandemic. Nonsurgical methods should be considered where possible. For patients with developmental or chronic orthopaedic conditions, it may be possible to delay treatment for 2 to 4 months without substantial detrimental long-term impact. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32301817/ doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00391 id: cord-208179-9pwjnrgl author: Farrell, Tracie title: Vindication, Virtue and Vitriol: A study of online engagement and abuse toward British MPs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 words: 13384.0 sentences: 665.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-208179-9pwjnrgl.txt summary: COVID-19 has given rise to malicious content online, including online abuse and hate toward British MPs. In order to understand and contextualise the level of abuse MPs receive, we consider how ministers use social media to communicate about the crisis, and the citizen engagement that this generates. However the correlation is significant across the sample of all MPs. The reaction of the public to the Conservative party and the government''s actions during COVID-19 may be related to the conditions of a public health crisis as discussed in [58, 39] , in which citizens may feel more motivated to trust authorities, although it may also follow from the crisis engaging a different group of people than usually respond to politicians on Twitter. Our third research question asked: Which social media activities of UK MPs during the COVID-19 pandemic receive the most abusive replies? abstract: COVID-19 has given rise to malicious content online, including online abuse and hate toward British MPs. In order to understand and contextualise the level of abuse MPs receive, we consider how ministers use social media to communicate about the crisis, and the citizen engagement that this generates. The focus of the paper is on a large-scale, mixed methods study of abusive and antagonistic responses to UK politicians during the pandemic from early February to late May 2020. We find that pressing subjects such as financial concerns attract high levels of engagement, but not necessarily abusive dialogue. Rather, criticising authorities appears to attract higher levels of abuse. In particular, those who carry the flame for subjects like racism and inequality, may be accused of virtue signalling or receive higher abuse levels due to the topics they are required by their role to address. This work contributes to the wider understanding of abusive language online, in particular that which is directed at public officials. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.05261v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-354619-pftjhtpo author: Farronato, Marco title: A Call for Action to Safely Deliver Oral Health Care during and Post COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 words: 5041.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354619-pftjhtpo.txt summary: The oral cavity is purported to be one of the main host sites, both for entry and transmission, implicated in SARS-CoV-2 spread either through contact, droplet, aerosols, or saliva. Evidence suggests that the classic mechanism of transmission, contact and droplet spread, can be contained mostly by isolating symptomatic patients and by the use of facial masks/facial coverings, which de facto provides a physical barrier to the oral cavity and nose, the primary source of infection for droplets and larger aerosol particles. Following the above proposed guidelines, no cases COVID-19 disease transmission after single or multiple dental consultations was registered among the DHCW or patients. Classified as operative and non-operative, depending on their ability to work in the oral cavity or/and provide an essential outside support, the DHCW and the patients visiting the dental practice are undeniably at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further transmission [41] . abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started just a couple of months ago and it grew rapidly causing several deaths and morbidities. The mechanism behind the transmission of the virus is still not completely understood despite a multitude of new specific manuscripts being published daily. This article highlights the oral cavity as a possible viral transmission route into the body via the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. It also provides guidelines for routine protective measures in the dental office while delivering oral health care. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186704 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186704 id: cord-330104-wgo4pml6 author: Farrugia, Gianrico title: Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 1671.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330104-wgo4pml6.txt summary: In the ensuing weeks, health care organizations, industry partners, and government agencies worldwide have quickly come together to address pandemic challenges such as scaling high-quality laboratory tests, conducting treatment research, and enabling virtual health care in a time of social distancing. What we have accomplished together to date demonstrates the opportunity for future cross-sector partnerships in science and technology to fight the disease, while simultaneously creating the new digital health care solutions that our world greatly needs. Instead, we must seize the opportunity for cross-sector partnerships in science and technology to fight the disease, while simultaneously deploying new digital health care solutions that our world greatly needs. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) facilitated expanding access with The COVID-19 Telehealth Program, fasttracking application processes and funding to help health care providers quickly establish telehealth services for remote patients. abstract: Abstract On December 31, 2019, Chinese authorities reported the first case of what would become known as COVID-19 to the World Health Organization (WHO), which declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern one month later. In the ensuing weeks, health care organizations, industry partners, and government agencies worldwide have quickly come together to address pandemic challenges such as scaling high-quality laboratory tests, conducting treatment research, and enabling virtual health care in a time of social distancing. What we have accomplished together to date demonstrates the opportunity for future cross-sector partnerships in science and technology to fight the disease, while simultaneously creating the new digital health care solutions that our world greatly needs. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.024 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.024 id: cord-257191-u5xnmsv8 author: Farshi, Esmaeil title: Investigation of immune cells on elimination of pulmonary‐Infected COVID‐19 and important role of innate immunity, phagocytes date: 2020-09-18 words: 2540.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257191-u5xnmsv8.txt summary: [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Lethal disease in BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV, MA15, showed a lack of activation of innate immune response, resulting in a barely detectable antivirus T cell response. 8 On the other hand, aged BALB/c mice that were infected with a human clinical isolate of SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) successfully eliminated the invasive virus within 1 week post-infection; these mice exhibited high and prolonged levels of viral replication, signs consistent with clinical symptoms, and pathologic changes in the lung resembling those seen in elderly SARS patients. In this study, we attempted to identify the types of immune cells that contribute to clearing COVID-19 during the acute phase of the infection in mice models plus human. Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in senescent BALB/c mice: CD4+ T cells are important in control of SARS-CoV infection abstract: We identified types of immune cells that contribute to clearing COVID‐19 during the acute phase of the infection in mouse model and human. Our results suggest that both innate and adaptive immune responses are essential for controlling COVID‐19 infection. Mild infection report of children by COVID‐19 comparing adults' infection causes conclusion of higher resistance of immune system of children comparing adults. Our results show innate immune system including phagocytes contribute severely to the elimination of COVID‐19 in both mouse model and human. Our results also show the elimination of COVID‐19 required the activation of B cells by CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells play an important role in elimination of COVID‐19 in primary effection. We measured IgM and IgG in all patients including adults and kids (human) and found IgM and IgG in kids patients are much higher than other adults patients. It causes production of much more natural antibodies in kids' bodies to protect them against COVID‐19 that shows reason of mild effection of kids comparing adults. Our observations have important ramifications for the development of novel vaccination and medicine strategies to alleviate COVID‐19. The most important result is for producing any vaccine for COVID‐19, increasing and producing these factors must be included: (a) Phagocytes (IgM and IgG), (b) T Cells, and (c) White Cells. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2158 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2158 id: cord-291613-pfgy9ztl author: Farshidpour, Maham title: A brief review of liver injury in patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 during the pandemic date: 2020-07-03 words: 1536.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291613-pfgy9ztl.txt summary: Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19 is a respiratory viral infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since evolved into a pandemic with a global risk to human health [1] . Although abnormal liver enzymes were regularly described as an extrapulmonary clinical feature, and almost one half of patients experienced grades of hepatic injury [6] [7] [8] [9] , liver damage in patients with SARS infections was primarily manifested in the mild and moderate elevation of alanine and/or aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) with some degree of hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia during the early stage of the illness [10, 11] . In this brief review article, we summarized the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the hope of guiding further study on this important topic. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study abstract: The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been mostly leading to respiratory distress syndrome, but liver injury has also been documented. The mechanism of liver injury is limited and poorly understood. However, the hepatic injury could be due to a consequence of systemic inflammatory response, viral infection of hepatocytes, or as a result of intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. Based on the current studies, this review article emphasizes on the demographic and potential mechanisms of Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19-related liver dysfunction url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-020-01068-1 doi: 10.1007/s12664-020-01068-1 id: cord-288311-8kcturbn author: Fassihi, Safa C. title: Novel Approach for Low‐Dose Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 1536.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt summary: This lack of clinical efficacy in treating asthma cannot be translated to COVID-19, which has a different etiology for pulmonary inflammation and is a disease process that stands to benefit from the anti-viral effects of HCQ. Although further evidence is needed to determine the efficacy of aerosolized HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19, low-dose targeted pulmonary delivery represents a safe and potentially preferred delivery method, particularly given the purported mechanisms by which HCQ acts against SARS-CoV-2. In light of the consequences seen with widespread use of high-dose, orally-administered HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19, clinical testing of the pharmacological parameters of inhaled or nebulized HCQ should be a high priority. However, if HCQ is to be administered in critically ill COVID-19 patients, low-dose inhaled or nebulized therapy may confer the collective benefits of similar or greater drug concentrations in pulmonary tissues, less systemic adverse effects (including cardiotoxicity), decreased burden on the healthcare system, and diminished strain on the existing supply of hydroxychloroquine. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562278/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15167 id: cord-310084-taaz6mhs author: Fatehi, Poya title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series date: 2020-10-01 words: 3006.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310084-taaz6mhs.txt summary: Factors such as old age, hypertension, diabetes, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, high inflammatory indicators, and blood coagulation disorders are the key agents in causing death and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 [1] . In this article, we report several cases of patients with coronavirus with brain disorders who have been admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. In the next step, due to frequent headaches and decreased consciousness, the patient underwent a brain CT scan by the order of a neurologist who observed the initial images and examinations (Fig. 2 ) of the hypodense areas in the left parietal area. Cranial CT scan imaging showed the areas of the hypodermis in the left parietal region of the brain (case 5) coronavirus according to the diagnostic protocols. Evidence from previous studies have indicated that patients with severe coronavirus disease might experience respiratory failure with an urgent need for artificial respiration, and other organ dysfunction [7] . abstract: The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since the World Wars; it can attack several systems in the body and has high complications and mortality. COVID-19 can cause venous and arterial thromboembolism due to immobility, high inflammation, extensive intravascular blood coagulation, and hypoxia. In this study, we report 5 cases of adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. Three patients were male and two were female. The youngest patient was 20 years old and the oldest was 55 years old. All patients had at least one family member with coronavirus. Fever, chills, muscular pain, cough, and tachypnea were present in all patients. Red blood cell (RBC) was observed in all patients at a low level. Computed tomography (CT) scans of all patients showed abnormal findings in different areas of the brain. These cases indicate that COVID-19 may damage blood vessels in the brain and lead to stroke. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00559-8 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00559-8 id: cord-256736-ep9aqpfs author: Fathi, Nazanin title: Lymphopenia in COVID‐19: Therapeutic opportunities date: 2020-06-03 words: 1611.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256736-ep9aqpfs.txt summary: Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. In SARS-CoV, similar to other viruses, the adaptive immune response plays a critical role to restrict the viral infections. suppression of PD1/PD-L1) could inhibit lymphopenia and also compensate the lymphocyte counts in severe patients of COVID-19. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with cytokine storm syndrome has been licensed to use the tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor blockade) in China. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection triggers spontaneous differential expression of biosignatures associated with T cell exhaustion and apoptosis signaling in peripheral blood mononucleocytes Viral persistence and chronicity in hepatitis C virus infection: role of T-cell apoptosis, senescence and exhaustion Interferon-mediated immunopathological events are associated with atypical innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is uncontrollably spread all over the world. The host immune responses strongly try to confront it with all the potential cells and cytokines. With chronically condition of SARS‐CoV‐2, natural killer cells and T cells become exhausted and decreasing their count leads to lymphopenia. Inability to eradicate the infected organ makes hyperinitiation of the immune system, which releases the excessive inflammatory cytokines to compensate the exhausted one as well as the low lymphocytes counts; it consequently leads to the cytokine storm syndrome. These mechanisms and the potential therapeutic targeting are discussed in this paper. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11403 doi: 10.1002/cbin.11403 id: cord-312609-gv1khfmo author: Fatima, Nida title: Impact of COVID-19 on neurological manifestations: an overview of stroke presentation in pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 1848.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312609-gv1khfmo.txt summary: Therefore, the authors sought to determine the etiology, underlying risk factors, and outcomes among patients with COVID-19 presenting with stroke. Almost all of the patients presented had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review of all available literature on patients infected with novel COVID-19 presenting with stroke to determine the overall impact of this pandemic and outcomes among patients having neurological manifestations. Almost all of the patients had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. Our systematic review determined the underlying risk factors leading to stroke among COVID-19 patients, and outcomes among these patients. A recently conducted meta-analysis of 8 studies from China, including 46,248 infected patients, showed that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (17%) and diabetes mellitus (8%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (5%) [18, 19] . abstract: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a globally challenging issue after its emergence in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Despite its common presentation as respiratory distress, patients with COVID-19 have also shown neurological manifestation especially stroke. Therefore, the authors sought to determine the etiology, underlying risk factors, and outcomes among patients with COVID-19 presenting with stroke. We conducted a systematic review of the electronic database (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) using different MeSH terms from November 2019 to June 2020. A total of 39 patients with stroke from 6 studies were included. The mean age of our included patients was 61.4 ± 14.2 years. Majority of the patients (n = 36, 92.3%) with COVID-19 had ischemic stroke, 5.1% (n = 2) had hemorrhagic stroke, and 2.6% (n = 1) had cerebral venous thrombosis at the time of initial clinical presentation. Almost all of the patients presented had underlying risk factors predisposing to stroke which included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and previous history of cerebrovascular disease. 51.2% (n = 20) of the included patients infected with COVID-19 with stroke died, while remaining patients were either discharged home or transferred to a rehabilitation unit. Exploring the neurological manifestation in terms of stroke among patients with COVID-19 is a step towards better understanding of the virus, preventing further spread, and treating the patients affected by this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04637-6 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04637-6 id: cord-344404-whdxjef0 author: Fatmi, Mahmudur Rahman title: COVID – 19 Impact on Urban Mobility date: 2020-08-14 words: 2429.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344404-whdxjef0.txt summary: This study utilizes data from the COVID – 19 Survey for assessing Travel impact (COST) for the Kelowna region of British Columbia, Canada. A comparative analysis of adjustment in out-of-home activities during COVID – 19 and the pre-pandemic period suggests that work-related travel increased for some occupations such as health, community, government, and sales and services. Data from the COST survey is utilized to analyze engagement in in-home activities, out-of-home travel activities, and long-distance travel of individuals residing in the Kelowna region of Canada. This section presents analysis regarding individuals'' daily activities including out-of-home activities and in-home activities, and long-distance travel immediately following the travel restrictions imposed in British Columbia, Canada. A comparative analysis of adjustment in the out-of-home activities during COVID -19 and the pre-pandemic period suggests that work-related travel increased for some occupations such as health, education, law, community, government, and sales and services. abstract: Abstract This paper presents individuals' adjustment in daily out-of-home travel activities, in-home activities, and long-distance travel during the COVID – 19 travel restrictions. This study utilizes data from the COVID – 19 Survey for assessing Travel impact (COST) for the Kelowna region of British Columbia, Canada. The analysis suggests that individuals' participation in out-of-home activities were reduced by more than 50% during COVID – 19. The highest daily frequency of travel is found for routine shopping, followed by work-related travel. A comparative analysis of adjustment in out-of-home activities during COVID – 19 and the pre-pandemic period suggests that work-related travel increased for some occupations such as health, community, government, and sales and services. For recreational/social activities, travel increased for a higher share of older adults, and decreased for a higher share of younger adults. In the case of in-home activities, higher income households were found to be predominant in tele-working for a longer duration; whereas, lower and middle income groups were more involved in leisure and discretionary activities, and sleep. In the case of long-distance travel, the majority of the completed long-distance travel was made regionally using private car. Among the altered (i.e. cancelled, rescheduled, and unchanged) long-distance trips, international air-travel was predominant. The findings of this study provide insights towards people's immediate response to COVID – 19 travel restrictions, which will help in developing transportation plans and policies during COVID – 19, as well as for future pandemic and any other unprecedented scenarios. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2226585620302260 doi: 10.1016/j.jum.2020.08.002 id: cord-331427-lwpjj3b9 author: Faulkner, J. title: Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during early COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis date: 2020-07-16 words: 4871.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331427-lwpjj3b9.txt summary: Objectives: To assess how the early stages of National governments Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) containment strategies impacted upon the physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia Design: Observational, cross-sectional Setting: Online survey disseminated in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia within the first 2-6 weeks of government mandated COVID-19 restrictions Participants: Adults (n = 8,425; 44.5 [14.8] y), [≥] 18 y who were residing in the surveyed countries Main outcome measures: Stages of Change scale for exercise behaviour change, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form), World Health Organisation-5 Well-being Index and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-9 Results: Participants who reported a negative change in exercise behaviour between preand during the early COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated poorer mental health and well-being compared to those who had either a positive changeor no change in their exercise behaviour (p<0.001). abstract: Objectives: To assess how the early stages of National governments Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) containment strategies impacted upon the physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia Design: Observational, cross-sectional Setting: Online survey disseminated in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia within the first 2-6 weeks of government mandated COVID-19 restrictions Participants: Adults (n = 8,425; 44.5 [14.8] y), [≥] 18 y who were residing in the surveyed countries Main outcome measures: Stages of Change scale for exercise behaviour change, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form), World Health Organisation-5 Well-being Index and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-9 Results: Participants who reported a negative change in exercise behaviour between pre- and during the early COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated poorer mental health and well-being compared to those who had either a positive change- or no change in their exercise behaviour (p<0.001). Whilst women reported more positive changes in exercise behaviour, young people (18-29y) reported more negative changes (both p<0.001). Individuals who engaged in more physical activity reported better mental health and well-being (p<0.001). Although there were no differences in physical activity between countries, individuals in New Zealand reported better mental health and well-being (p<0.001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 restrictions have differentially impacted upon the physical activity habits of individuals based upon their age and sex, and therefore have important implications for international policy and guideline recommendations. Public health interventions that encourage physical activity should target specific groups (e.g., men, young adults) who are most vulnerable to the negative effects of physical distancing and/or self-isolation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20153791v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20153791 id: cord-280373-xhvhep84 author: Faust, A. title: Challenges and proposed solutions in making clinical research on COVID-19 ethical. A status quo analysis across German research ethics committees date: 2020-08-14 words: 3663.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280373-xhvhep84.txt summary: Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey across all 52 German RECs on the challenges and potential solutions with reviewing proposals for COVID-19 studies. For the review of these proposals the RECs indicated a broad spectrum of challenges regarding i) social value (e.g. lack of coordination), ii) scientific validity (e.g. provisional study planning), iii) favourable risk-benefit ratio (e.g. difficult benefit assessment), iv) informed consent (e.g. strict isolation measures), v) independent review (e.g. lack of time), vi) fair selection of trial participants (e.g. inclusion of vulnerable groups), and vii) respect for study participants (e.g. data security). The qualitative responses from the 22 RECs on perceived challenges and proposed solutions were all grouped under one or more of seven principles of the employed research ethics framework: social value, scientific validity, informed consent, respect for participants, independent review, favourable risk-benefit analysis and fair participant selection. abstract: Background: In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the biomedical research community's attempt to focus the attention on fighting COVID-19, led to several challenges within the field of research ethics. However, we know little about the practical relevance of these challenges for Research Ethics Committees (RECs). Methods: We conducted a qualitative survey across all 52 German RECs on the challenges and potential solutions with reviewing proposals for COVID-19 studies. We de-identified the answers and applied thematic text analysis for the extraction and synthesis of challenges and potential solutions that we grouped under established principles for clinical research ethics. Results: We received an overall response rate of 42%. The 22 responding RECs reported that they had assessed a total of 441 study proposals on COVID-19 until 21 April 2020. For the review of these proposals the RECs indicated a broad spectrum of challenges regarding i) social value (e.g. lack of coordination), ii) scientific validity (e.g. provisional study planning), iii) favourable risk-benefit ratio (e.g. difficult benefit assessment), iv) informed consent (e.g. strict isolation measures), v) independent review (e.g. lack of time), vi) fair selection of trial participants (e.g. inclusion of vulnerable groups), and vii) respect for study participants (e.g. data security). Mentioned solutions ranged from improved local/national coordination, over guidance on modified consent procedures, to priority setting across clinical studies. Conclusions: RECs are facing a broad spectrum of pressing challenges in reviewing COVID-19 studies. Some challenges for consent procedures are well known from research in intensive care settings but are further aggravated by infection measures. Other challenges such as reviewing several clinical studies at the same time that potentially compete for the recruitment of in-house COVID-19 patients are unique to the current situation. For some of the challenges the proposed solutions in our survey could relatively easy be translated into practice. Others need further conceptual and empirical research. Our findings together with the increasing body of literature on COVID-19 research ethics, and further stakeholder engagement should inform the development of hands-on guidance for researchers, funders, RECs, and further oversight bodies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.11.20168773v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20168773 id: cord-303656-wtqwghon author: Faust, Jeremy title: Relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza in New York City, February 1 - April 18, 2020. date: 2020-04-27 words: 1435.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303656-wtqwghon.txt summary: Comparisons between the mortality burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza often fail to account for the fact that the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports annual influenza mortality estimates which are calculated based upon a series of assumptions about the underreporting of flu deaths. In this report, we compare COVID-19 death counts to seasonal influenza death counts in New York City during the interval from February 1 April 18, 2020. Seasonal influenza mortality is reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as adjusted estimates, and also includes pneumonia deaths caused by other pathogens. Here, we compare the excess deaths in New York City to seasonal influenza counted deaths over the 76-day interval, as well as counted COVID-19 deaths as reported by the CDC and the New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYDOH). abstract: Comparisons between the mortality burdens of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza often fail to account for the fact that the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports annual influenza mortality estimates which are calculated based upon a series of assumptions about the underreporting of flu deaths. COVID-19 deaths, in contrast, are being reported as raw counts. In this report, we compare COVID-19 death counts to seasonal influenza death counts in New York City during the interval from February 1 - April 18, 2020. Using this approach, COVID-19 appears to have caused 21.4 times the number of deaths as seasonal influenza during the same period. We also assessed excess mortality in order to verify this finding. New York City has had approximately 13,032 excess all-cause mortality deaths during this time period. We assume that most of these deaths are COVID-19 related. We therefore calculated the ratio of excess deaths (i.e. assumed COVID-19 deaths) to seasonal influenza deaths during the same time interval and found a similar ratio of 21.1 COVID-19 to seasonal influenza deaths. Our findings are consistent with conditions on the ground today. Comparing COVID-19 deaths with CDC estimates of yearly influenza-related deaths would suggest that, this year, seasonal influenza has killed approximately the same number of Americans as COVID-19 has. This does not comport with the realities of the pandemic we see today. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20073551v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20073551 id: cord-326916-bakwk4tm author: Fauver, Joseph R. title: Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States date: 2020-05-07 words: 5556.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326916-bakwk4tm.txt summary: To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. To delineate the roles of domestic and international virus spread in the emergence of new United States COVID-19 outbreaks, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected from cases identified in Connecticut. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes from nine of the first COVID-19 cases reported in Connecticut, with sample collection dating from March 6-14, 2020 (Data S1). By combining daily passenger volumes ( Figure 2B ) with COVID-19 prevalence at the travel route origin (Figures 2C and 2D) and accounting for differences in reporting rates, we found that the domestic and international SARS-CoV-2 importation risk started to increase dramatically at the beginning of March 2020 ( Figure 2E ). abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in January 2020, with subsequent COVID-19 outbreaks detected in all 50 states by early March. To uncover the sources of SARS-CoV-2 introductions and patterns of spread within the United States, we sequenced nine viral genomes from early reported COVID-19 patients in Connecticut. Our phylogenetic analysis places the majority of these genomes with viruses sequenced from Washington state. By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. Moreover, the risk of domestic importation to Connecticut exceeded that of international importation by mid-March regardless of our estimated effects of federal travel restrictions. This study provides evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the United States and highlights the critical need for local surveillance. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.021 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.021 id: cord-262626-yk4e737w author: Favaloro, Emmanuel J. title: Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring date: 2020-04-12 words: 1168.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262626-yk4e737w.txt summary: 1 Although this is recognized as a viral respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathophysiology of the disease is far wider than respiratory, including long-term risk for adverse cardiovascular disease, thromboembolic disorders, and multiple organ failure (MOF). 4, 5 Based on our understanding of the emerging literature, we aim to provide in this short commentary a simple list (►Table 1) of laboratory tests, as may be recommended for patients with COVID-19 and to potentially assist in prognostic monitoring of such patients. D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32279286/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709498 id: cord-252784-wfsq0u9o author: Favot, Mark title: Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Detecting Severe Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-07-31 words: 4100.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252784-wfsq0u9o.txt summary: Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) has been suggested as a useful diagnostic modality in these patients (4) as it limits www.ccejournal.org 2020 • Volume 2 • e0176 COVID-19 exposure of ancillary staff, minimizes travel within the hospital for patients, can be performed at the bedside within minutes, and has been shown to be diagnostically superior to CXR in critically ill patients with other respiratory complaints (5) . LUS patterns for detecting COVID-19 have been suggested (4, 6) based on ultrasound (US) theory, case reports, and extrapolation from CT findings; however, diagnostic performance data in an observational analytical study are lacking (6) . Based on prior reports of LUS findings suggestive of COVID-19 lung disease (4-6), LUS images were coded by a blinded US fellowship-trained observer for the presence of nonconfluent and confluent B-lines (based on the same methodology used in the B-lines lung ultrasound-guided emergency department management of acute heart failure (BLUSHED-AHF) study above [7] ), subpleural consolidations, and pleural effusions. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Analyze the diagnostic test characteristics of point-of-care lung ultrasound for patients suspected to have novel coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: Two emergency departments in Detroit, Michigan, United States, during a local coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak (March 2020 to April 2020). PATIENTS: Emergency department patients receiving lung ultrasound for clinical suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 during the study period. INTERVENTIONS: None, observational analysis only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: By a reference standard of serial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions, 42 patients were coronavirus disease 2019 positive, 16 negative, and eight untested (test results lost, died prior to testing, and/or did not meet hospital guidelines for rationing of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests). Thirty-three percent, 44%, 38%, and 17% had mortality, ICU admission, intubation, and venous or arterial thromboembolism, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics, area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity with 95% CIs were calculated for five lung ultrasound patterns coded by a blinded reviewer and chest radiograph. Chest radiograph had area under the curve = 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54–0.79), 74% sensitivity (95% CI, 48–93%), and 53% specificity (95% CI, 32–75%). Two lung ultrasound patterns had a statistically significant area under the curve: symmetric bilateral pulmonary edema (area under the curve, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.50–0.64), and a nondependent bilateral pulmonary edema pattern (edema in superior lung ≥ inferior lung and no pleural effusion; area under the curve, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.68–0.90). Chest radiograph plus the nondependent bilateral pulmonary edema pattern showed a statistically improved area under the curve (0.80; 95% CI, 0.68–0.90) compared to either alone, but at the ideal cutoff had sensitivity and specificity equivalent to nondependent bilateral pulmonary edema only (69% and 77%, respectively). The strongest combination of clinical, chest radiograph, and lung ultrasound factors for diagnosis was nondependent bilateral pulmonary edema pattern with temperature and oxygen saturation (area under the curve, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.94; sensitivity = 77% [58–93%]; specificity = 76% [53–94%] at the ideal cutoff), which was superior to chest radiograph alone. CONCLUSIONS: Lung ultrasound diagnosed severe presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 with similar sensitivity to chest radiograph, CT, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (on first testing) and improved specificity compared to chest radiograph. Diagnostically useful lung ultrasound patterns differed from those hypothesized by previous, nonanalytical, reports (case series and expert opinion), and should be evaluated in a rigorous prospective study. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000176 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000176 id: cord-321816-ipbwpw26 author: Fawad, Muhammad title: Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases date: 2020-05-06 words: 770.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321816-ipbwpw26.txt summary: Simple ideas to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on refugees with chronic diseases Muhammad Fawad 1 , Fatima Rawashdeh 1 , Parveen K. In Jordan, Syrian refugees with non-communicable diseases typically access clinical care and medications at no cost through clinics supported by humanitarian organizations. Since January, the International Rescue Committee in Jordan has been conducting a study on the impact of supplementing clinical care with out-of-clinic support through a Syrian community health volunteer network, on adherence to medications and prevention of severe outcomes among Syrians and uninsured Jordanians with poorly controlled diabetes and/or hypertension (Clinical-Trials.gov, NCT04229667). As clinical care is resumed, it is important to think about how to use community health volunteers to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in this population. Second, community health volunteers could provide refugees with a trusted connection to surveillance systems, risk communication, and the epidemic response, which is a major aim of community engagement [5] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00277-x doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-00277-x id: cord-338934-61wnbf1t author: Fay, Daniel L. title: Collective Bargaining During Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 words: 4121.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338934-61wnbf1t.txt summary: In our roles as public management and policy scholars, and using our experience as practicing public labor relations leaders, we describe the challenges of collective bargaining during the COVID-19 pandemic and present five general recommendations for public sector unions impact bargaining during times of crisis: 1) Initiate negotiations with leadership early and often; 2) Mobilize union members and the workforce represented by the collective bargaining agreement immediately; 3) Prioritize issues for the workforce groups most affected by the crisis; 4) Integrate governmental crisis response to negotiations 5) Formalize impact bargaining agreements. Prior to the pandemic, this same union has packed the room at Board of Trustees (BoT) meetings (Florida State University Board of Trustees, 2020), utilizing the public comment section at the front end of these public, live streamed meetings to have several speakers attest to the harmful deficiencies and unsavory working conditions of GAs. During times when physical presence is impossible, such as during mandatory social distancing orders adopted in response to COVID-19, there are alternative modes of group mobilization that are effective and raise the profile of one"s bargaining efforts. abstract: The COVID‐19 dramatically changed employment across sectors in 2020. This Viewpoint essay examines public sector labor relations during the pandemic and describes the impact bargaining process used to protect public employees. We draw on our own experience in impact bargaining negotiations and the public labor relations, conflict management, and civil service reform literatures to develop recommendations for public union labor leaders in times of crisis. We suggest that public unions have an important role in crisis management, but must act strategically in order to develop good working relationships with leadership and successfully negotiate employee protections in uncertain times. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13233 doi: 10.1111/puar.13233 id: cord-291234-rozpps6v author: Faye, C. title: A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD? date: 2020-05-22 words: 6826.0 sentences: 349.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt summary: The method was applied to 60 countries (30 in Africa and 30 in other continents) and 6 variables which are: the Covid-19 situation on Monday 13 April 2020 (confirmed cases and reported deaths), the mean annual temperature and the structure of the proportion (0 to 14 years, 15 to 64 years and over 65 years). The opposing relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic (confirmed cases and reported deaths) and the proportion of elderly (and/or young) is apparent, suggesting that generally the younger a country''s population is (and therefore the fewer vulnerable people), the less likely it is to be affected by the Coronavirus pandemic, and vice versa. Axis 2, with 23.24% variance, is positively related, strongly with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases, the number of reported deaths and the proportion of elderly in the total population, weakly with the average annual temperature of the country and the proportion of young people in the total population of the country. abstract: Humanity has experienced outbreaks for millennia, from epidemics limited to pandemics that have claimed many victims and changed the course of civilizations. The advent of vaccines has eradicated some of the serious pathogens and reduced many others. However, pandemics are still part of our modern world, as we continue to have pandemics as devastating as HIV and as alarming as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola and the Middle East respiratory syndrome. The Covid-19 epidemic with 0-exponential contamination curves reaching 3 million confirmed cases should not have come as a surprise, nor should it have been the last pandemic in the world. In this article, we try to summarize the lost opportunities as well as the lessons learned, hoping that we can do better in the future. The objective of this study is to relate the situation of Covid-19 in African countries with those of the countries most affected by the pandemic. It also allows us to verify how, according to the observed situation, the African ecosystem seems to be much more resilient compared to that of other continents where the number of deaths is in the thousands. To verify this, the diagnosed morbidity and mortality reported for different states of the world are compared to the ages of life and the average annual temperature of these states. The results show that the less dramatic balance of the African continent compared to other continents is partly linked to the relatively high temperatures on the continent but also to the relatively young character of its population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104687 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104687 id: cord-208698-gm0b8u52 author: Fazeli, Shayan title: Statistical Analytics and Regional Representation Learning for COVID-19 Pandemic Understanding date: 2020-08-08 words: 6364.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-208698-gm0b8u52.txt summary: • Evaluation of the informativeness of individual features in distinguishing between regions • Correlation analyses and investigating monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between several key features and the pandemic outcomes • Proposing a neural architecture for accurate short-term predictive modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic with minimal use of historical data by leveraging the automatically learned region representations Given the importance of open-research in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have also designed OLIVIA [5] . This work is distinguished from the mentioned projects and the majority of statistical works in this area in the sense that it is targeting the role of region-based features in the Spatio-temporal analysis of the pandemic with minimal use of historical data on the outbreak events. Our approach then used various statistical techniques and machine learning to measure the relationship between these regional representations and the pandemic time-series events and perform predictive modeling with minimal use of historical data on the epidemic. abstract: The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has severely impacted almost all countries around the world. It not only has caused a tremendous burden on health-care providers to bear, but it has also brought severe impacts on the economy and social life. The presence of reliable data and the results of in-depth statistical analyses provide researchers and policymakers with invaluable information to understand this pandemic and its growth pattern more clearly. This paper combines and processes an extensive collection of publicly available datasets to provide a unified information source for representing geographical regions with regards to their pandemic-related behavior. The features are grouped into various categories to account for their impact based on the higher-level concepts associated with them. This work uses several correlation analysis techniques to observe value and order relationships between features, feature groups, and COVID-19 occurrences. Dimensionality reduction techniques and projection methodologies are used to elaborate on individual and group importance of these representative features. A specific RNN-based inference pipeline called DoubleWindowLSTM-CP is proposed in this work for predictive event modeling. It utilizes sequential patterns and enables concise record representation while using but a minimal amount of historical data. The quantitative results of our statistical analytics indicated critical patterns reflecting on many of the expected collective behavior and their associated outcomes. Predictive modeling with DoubleWindowLSTM-CP instance exhibits efficient performance in quantitative and qualitative assessments while reducing the need for extended and reliable historical information on the pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07342v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi author: Fecchi, Katia title: Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets date: 2020-08-11 words: 5433.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt summary: Lipid rafts are specialized plasma membrane microdomains involved in important processes of the virus infections and of the host target cells (Rosenberger et al., 2000) . This minireview reports on the available knowledge about the interplay between coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, with lipid rafts and autophagic pathways, in order to focus the attention to novel potential targets to inhibit coronavirus infections. As outlined in this review, lipid rafts and autophagic pathways play a pivotal role in coronavirus infection, being critical for viral entry and replication, as well as for viral release from the host cells. In fact, different drugs described as inhibitors or inducers of the autophagy that control host cell pathways process involved in coronavirus infection, have sparked interest for their potential antiviral activity (Shakya et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020 ; Table 1 ). abstract: Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that can infect animal and human hosts. The infection induces mild or sometimes severe acute respiratory diseases. Nowadays, the appearance of a new, highly pathogenic and lethal coronavirus variant, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for a pandemic (COVID-19), represents a global problem for human health. Unfortunately, only limited approaches are available to treat coronavirus infections and a vaccine against this new coronavirus variant is not yet available. The plasma membrane microdomain lipid rafts have been found by researchers to be involved in the replication cycle of numerous viruses, including coronaviruses. Indeed, some pathogen recognition receptors for coronaviruses as for other viruses cluster into lipid rafts, and it is therefore conceivable that the first contact between virus and host cells occurs into these specialized regions, representing a port of cell entry for viruses. Recent data highlighted the peculiar pro-viral or anti-viral role played by autophagy in the host immune responses to viral infections. Coronaviruses, like other viruses, were reported to be able to exploit the autophagic machinery to increase their replication or to inhibit the degradation of viral products. Agents known to disrupt lipid rafts, such as metil-β-cyclodextrins or statins, as well as autophagy inhibitor agents, were shown to have an anti-viral role. In this review, we briefly describe the involvement of lipid rafts and autophagy in coronavirus infection and replication. We also hint how lipid rafts and autophagy may represent a potential therapeutic target to be investigated for the treatment of coronavirus infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849425/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01821 id: cord-329989-176cvimy author: Federico, Antonio title: Scientific publishing in the COVID-19 era: successes and pitfalls date: 2020-07-02 words: 1744.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329989-176cvimy.txt summary: All of the journals organized an expediated article evaluation, to enable the scientific community to share, as soon as possible, the emerging information regarding mitigating the effects of the pandemic on human health and providing suggestions concerning drug efficacy and the development of new care organizations. In fact, two studies of drug therapy and COVID-19 have been retracted from two different prestigious journals regarding the quality of the data obtained from an international database held by Surgisphere Corporation, which included electronic health records from 169 hospitals on three continents and was not controlled by the authors. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an extraordinary output of research regarding the novel pathological condition involving many millions of patients; however, this has necessitated an accelerated system of evaluation before publication, which was not easy to organize and that has sometimes failed. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04550-y doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04550-y id: cord-356122-lzc1ux5z author: Fedson, David DS. title: Statin treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1072.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356122-lzc1ux5z.txt summary: In a recent meta-analysis of four observational studies, Kow and Hasan reported that statins were 30% effective in reducing the severity or mortality of COVID-19 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Nonetheless, several reports have shown that in hypertensive COVID-19 patients, outpatient or inpatient treatment with ACEIs or ARBs is not harmful [12] [13] [14] and, in some instances, these drugs actually improve survival [14] . Nonetheless, the studies summarized in Table 1 , together with future observational reports on the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of COVID-19 patients with statins (and perhaps ACEIs/ARBs), will undoubtedly contribute to their treatment decisions. Effects of ARBs and ACEIs on virus infection, inflammatory status and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hypertension: a single center retrospective study Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002914920310250?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.050 id: cord-261875-6sdqh9bl author: Feinman, Jared W. title: The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology – strategies for applicants and fellows to navigate the coronavirus crisis date: 2020-05-08 words: 3101.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261875-6sdqh9bl.txt summary: The pandemic from coronavirus disease -19 is now a global crisis in healthcare and graduate medical education, including the fellowship landscape in adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology for applicants, fellows, faculty and program leadership. The program leadership is able to continue usual protocols with only minor disruptions in fellowship operations, including clinical care, educational and committee activities, and the match process to interview and select future fellows. [3] [4] During stage 2, the fellowship leadership team may suspend parts of the educational program and adjust its strategy for the fellowship application process (full details available at www.acgme.org/covid-19 , last accessed April 16 th 2020). Since the fellowship in adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology is typically a one-year program, the disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are particularly important in how they impact 8 graduation for most of the current fellows (June 30 th 2020). abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105307702030416X?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.057 id: cord-259223-6b07qiw2 author: Feitosa, Eduardo L title: COVID-19: Rational discovery of the therapeutic potential of Melatonin as a SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Inhibitor date: 2020-07-30 words: 6844.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259223-6b07qiw2.txt summary: Molecular docking studies described the binding sites and the interaction energies of 74 Mpro-ligand complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The search for structural similarity used the 10 hit molecules that presented the best interaction energies (Kcal/mol) measured in the docking study among all 74 ligand-Mpro complexes from PDB. The selected hits (top 10 best-scored compounds identified by previous docking study), as well as their respective similar binders, were docked into SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with unliganded active site (PDB id: 6Y84). The interaction between melatonin and Mpro (Figure 4) improved the values of binding energy and created a new perspective for a molecule with high therapeutic potential over the COVID-19 pathology to act, so far, only in more severe cases of the disease. To understand the need to clinically evaluate melatonin against Cov-2, we should make a brief introduction to infectious and physiopathological characteristics related mainly to the viral cycle and host immune response in the COVID-19 ( Figure 5) . abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 spread quickly across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11 declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The mortality rate, hospital disorders and incalculable economic and social damages, besides the unproven efficacy of the treatments evaluated against COVID-19, raised the need for immediate control of this disease. Therefore, the current study employed in silico tools to rationally identify new possible SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. That is an enzyme conserved among the coronavirus species; hence, the identification of an Mpro inhibitor is to make it a broad-spectrum drug. Molecular docking studies described the binding sites and the interaction energies of 74 Mpro-ligand complexes deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). A structural similarity screening was carried out in order to identify possible Mpro ligands that show additional pharmacological properties against COVID-19. We identified 59 hit compounds and among them, melatonin stood out due to its prominent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities; it can reduce oxidative stress, defence cell mobility and efficiently combat the cytokine storm and sepsis. In addition, melatonin is an inhibitor of calmodulin, an essential intracellular component to maintain angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) on the cell surface. Interestingly, one of the most promising hits in our docking study was melatonin. It revealed better interaction energy with Mpro compared to ligands in complexes from PDB. Consequently, melatonin can have response potential in early stages for its possible effects on ACE-2 and Mpro, although it is also promising in more severe stages of the disease for its action against hyper-inflammation. These results definitely do not confirm antiviral activity, but can rather be used as a basis for further preclinical and clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922174/ doi: 10.7150/ijms.48053 id: cord-342459-aroutcgh author: Feldman, Hope A. title: Commentary: Remote Learning Creates More Room at the Table date: 2020-08-06 words: 666.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342459-aroutcgh.txt summary: The COVID-19 Pandemic has necessitated changes in surgical education. In this Expert Opinion, Dr. Vervoot and colleagues discuss the many benefits to be 20 gained from the increased utilization of online platforms for surgical education and conferences 1 . The settings have changed, yet the learning has continued. While these 29 changes have certainly come with some growing pains, Vervoot and his colleagues have concluded that 30 there should be a role for continued use of these technologies in the future 1 outside of a pandemic, travel may be challenging for trainees and early careerists trying to balance child-39 bearing and child-rearing with academic careers 6 . Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Disruptive 58 Technology in Graduate Medical Education Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During 60 the COVID-19 Pandemic Cardiothoracic Education in the Time of 62 COVID-19: How I Teach It Surgical Training: An Opportunity to Enhance Education abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022522320322698 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.002 id: cord-353833-woz5f3gh author: Feldman, Sarah title: How the Coronavirus Disease-2019 May Improve Care: Rethinking Cervical Cancer Prevention date: 2020-07-01 words: 1640.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353833-woz5f3gh.txt summary: COVID-2019–related health-system changes, like the more rapid evaluation of diagnostic tests and vaccines, the transition to compensated virtual care for most counseling and education visits, and broadened access to home services, offer potential benefits to the delivery of cervical cancer screening and prevention. It would be a tragedy if the morbidity and mortality of COVID-2019 are multiplied because of additional suffering caused by delayed or deferred cancer screening and diagnostic evaluation—but maybe with creativity and reflection, we can use this pandemic to improve care. The benefits to patients (safe convenient visits, less time and cost, ability to schedule visits with experts from afar, particularly in areas with limited local access), providers (compensated time for education and counseling), hospitals (more flexibility to reorganize resources to prioritize acute care but also grow virtually), and public health (promote broader vaccine uptake, attention to population health and the racial and ethnic and socioeconomic disparities that plague our nation). abstract: These past months of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic have given us ample opportunity to reflect on the US health-care system. Despite overwhelming tragedy, it is an opportunity for us to learn and to change. As we postpone routine visits because of the pandemic, we worry about risks for patients who delay cancer screening. We use cervical cancer screening and prevention as an example of how we can use some “lessons learned” from the pandemic to prevent “collateral losses,” such as an increase in cancers. COVID-2019–related health-system changes, like the more rapid evaluation of diagnostic tests and vaccines, the transition to compensated virtual care for most counseling and education visits, and broadened access to home services, offer potential benefits to the delivery of cervical cancer screening and prevention. While we detail the case for cervical cancer prevention, many of the issues discussed are generalizable to other preventative measures. It would be a tragedy if the morbidity and mortality of COVID-2019 are multiplied because of additional suffering caused by delayed or deferred cancer screening and diagnostic evaluation—but maybe with creativity and reflection, we can use this pandemic to improve care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32609333/ doi: 10.1093/jnci/djaa089 id: cord-322732-82m84n4w author: Felice, C title: Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives date: 2020-06-08 words: 1770.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322732-82m84n4w.txt summary: We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. Additional analyses were performed after grouping patients taking ACEIs and ARBs and comparing their clinical outcomes with those A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 5 of hypertensives who were not on RAAS inhibitors. The present study shows that chronic assumption of ACEIs/ARBs did not worsen the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in hypertensive patients. A significant lower risk of admission to s-ICU/ICU was observed in COVID-19 positive subjects chronically treated with ACEIs/ARBs as compared to other hypertensive patients, whereas the rates of hospitalization, oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation and death did not differ between the two groups. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of chronic use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the severity of COVID-19 infection is still unclear in patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. METHODS: A single center study was conducted on 133 consecutive hypertensive subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 9(th) and 31(st) March 2020. RESULTS: All patients were grouped according to their chronic antihypertensive medications (ACEIs, N=40; ARBs, N=42; not on RAAS inhibitors, N=51). There was no statistical difference between ACEIs and ARBs groups in terms of hospital admission rate, oxygen therapy and need for non-invasive ventilation. Patients chronically treated with RAAS inhibitors showed a significantly lower rate of admission to semi-intensive/intensive care units, when compared to the non-RAAS population (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, CI95% 0.09-0.66 p=0.006). Similarly, the risk of mortality was lower in the former group, although not reaching statistical significance (OR 0.56, CI95% 0.17-1.83, p=0.341). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that chronic use of RAAS inhibitors does not negatively affect clinical course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether RAAS inhibitors may have a protective effect on COVID 19-related morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511678/ doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa096 id: cord-278900-3rfb1b71 author: Fell, Michael J. title: Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date: 2020-06-13 words: 6188.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278900-3rfb1b71.txt summary: Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. Broadly speaking, these principles involve giving consideration to possible impacts of the pandemic and associated response measures on findings; adjusting research design and data collection to reflect this; and reporting extra contextual detail. Our recommendations address data collection and the reporting of study conditions and context, as well as considerations for study designs in order to ensure high validity of energy social science research conducted during and after the pandemic. In this paper we have set out what we see as important challenges to the validity --internal, external, and of other forms --of social research in energy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and measures put in place to control it. abstract: Measures to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are having unprecedented impacts on people’s lives around the world. In this paper, we argue that those conducting social research in the energy domain should give special consideration to the internal and external validity of their work conducted during this pandemic period. We set out a number of principles that researchers can consider to give themselves and research users greater confidence that findings and recommendations will still be applicable in years to come. Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. We suggest that these approaches also bring a number of opportunities to generate new insights. However, we caution that a more systemic challenge to validity of knowledge produced during this period may result from changes in the kinds of social research that it is practicable to pursue. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214629620302218 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646 id: cord-260586-ry0roidc author: Felsenstein, Daniel title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades - Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World date: 2020-09-10 words: 3428.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260586-ry0roidc.txt summary: authors: Felsenstein, Daniel; Shmueli, Deborah F.; Thomas, Deborah S.K. title: Introduction to the Special Issue: Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management Cascades Mapping the Multi-Disciplinary Landscape in a Post-Pandemic World The cascading nature of disasters poses significant challenges to risk management emerging from the interconnectivity of natural, economic, and social systems that amplifies effects. For example, if an earthquake causes flooding, it is generally accepted that the cascading effect of these two disasters is a non-linear and exponential outcome far removed from the magnitude of the original shock (Pescaroli and Alexander 2015) . They assess multiple incidents occurring across different scales, jurisdictions, and critical infrastructures, and address the lack of systematic collection of evidence essential for understanding how various risk factors, including hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities differentially contribute to diverse disaster events. Ironically, the COVID-19 crisis has not seen critical infrastructure collapse in those networks generally at risk in the case of natural hazard cascades such as airports, highways, dams and water defenses. abstract: This paper introduces the Special Issue on Cascading Effects in Disaster Risk Management. It reviews the contributions and highlights their multi-disciplinary interpretations of cascades. It proceeds to discuss whether the on-going unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the cascades metaphor. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929398/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101842 id: cord-254228-g2mjj7my author: Felson, Marcus title: Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020 date: 2020-06-23 words: 3976.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254228-g2mjj7my.txt summary: This paper examines burglary in Detroit, Michigan during the month of March, 2020, a period of considerable change in routine activities. The empirical task of the current research is to compare burglary changes in different zones of Detroit in response to the pandemic changes in routine activities. That finding raises an ancillary question: whether the dramatic shifts in routine activities resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic affect burglary rates differently in predominantly residential zones as opposed to zones with mixed residential and commercial land uses. In other words, we expect the changes in routine activities engendered by the pandemic to produce burglary increases in some parts of a city even while burglary declines overall. The changes in routine activities in light of the pandemic tell us to look for burglary increases mainly in urban areas not dominated by residences. 1 We infer that a major shift in routine activities resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic influences the land use-crime relationship in Detroit. abstract: The spread of the coronavirus has led to containment policies in many places, with concomitant shifts in routine activities. Major declines in crime have been reported as a result. However, those declines depend on crime type and may differ by parts of a city and land uses. This paper examines burglary in Detroit, Michigan during the month of March, 2020, a period of considerable change in routine activities. We examine 879 block groups, separating those dominated by residential land use from those with more mixed land use. We divide the month into three periods: pre-containment, transition period, and post-containment. Burglaries increase in block groups with mixed land use, but not blocks dominated by residential land use. The impact of containment policies on burglary clarifies after taking land use into account. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834924/ doi: 10.1186/s40163-020-00120-x id: cord-301011-xbuqd0j5 author: Felten-Barentsz, Karin M title: Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 3952.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301011-xbuqd0j5.txt summary: In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). 12 In line with this international study 12 and the consensus statement of Italian respiratory therapists 13 we aim to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. METHODS: A pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19, and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group. RESULTS: The recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the ICU, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (−assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556323/ doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa114 id: cord-261424-t0yulofo author: Feltman, Dalia M. title: Seeking Normalcy as the Curve Flattens: Ethical Considerations for Pediatricians Managing Collateral Damage of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 4294.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261424-t0yulofo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261424-t0yulofo.txt summary: Pediatricians around the world have cycled through these emotions when considering the health and safety of patients and families during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. As advocates for children, pediatricians are in a unique position to redesign the system in a way that prioritizes children and families, addresses the social determinants of health, reduces inequalities and health disparities, and ensures ethical research on treatment and prevention of COVID-19. However, actions to conserve the medical resources that prevent iatrogenic spread of infection and protect health professionals and other patients have shifted priorities away from the best practices that are part of our usual care for children. As we begin to imagine that new normal, we consider three domains that require attention to help children to stay well: medical, mental health, and educational needs. Children in families with mental health needs will be vulnerable to further disruptions to their psychosocial stability due to COVID-19 control measures. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599031/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.067 id: cord-339203-5oextxkm author: Feng Tan, L.I. title: Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 Amongst Healthcare Workers date: 2020-04-09 words: 369.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339203-5oextxkm.txt summary: To date, no healthcare worker has contracted COVID-19 in a Singapore healthcare institution. However, healthcare workers including non-clinical staff have contracted COVID-19 in the community and from overseas travel 6 . Whilst some had continued working for a short period prior to diagnosis, thus far there have been no cases of healthcare worker-to-patient COVID-SARS which was predominantly transmitted nosocomially in Singapore 5 , COVID-19 is predominantly acquired in the community. This presents a different challenge to preventing COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers. In Singapore, we have put in place strict staff management policies that have progressed as the infection continues its spread worldwide. All staff with travel to affected regions are placed on a 14-day compulsory leave of absence with overseas travel strongly discouraged as the infection has now spread across the globe. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120301833 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.008 id: cord-335095-epsi5qq7 author: Feng, Gong title: Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City date: 2020-08-24 words: 2801.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335095-epsi5qq7.txt summary: Moreover, the smooth curve fitting graph reflected that the severity of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both age and CRP levels (all P value < 0.05). But the studies exploring the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, especially by the means of smooth curve fitting, are lacking. Thus, we describe the clinical characteristics as well as laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients residing in Xiaogan City, so as to have an insight regarding the prevention as well as treatment of COVID-19, and simultaneously explore the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, thereby exploring the indicators for predicting the severity of COVID-19. Compared with the initial COVID-19 patients observed in Wuhan, in terms of disease symptoms and severity, the patients from Xiaogan City, in our study, were relatively moderate, but we could not neglect asymptomatic or mild patients. abstract: On February 6, 2020, Xiaogan City became the second most seriously affected city with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), outside Wuhan district, Hubei Province, China. The objectives are to study the clinical features of COVID-19 patients and assess the relationship between the severity of COVID-19, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The retrospective data of 134 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 3 hospitals of Xiaogan City, between February 1 and March 1, 2020, was collected. This study documented COVID-19 patients. Clinical data in terms of body temperature, history of travel, and direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and incubation period was collected. Out of the 134 patients, only 5 required intensive care. Moreover, 2 patients succumbed during this period. The median age of patients was 45 (33–56) years. The most common symptoms at the onset of disease were fever (66.4%), cough (33, 6%), and sore throat (14.7%). Amongst the medicines used, antiviral agents (92.3%) followed by the traditional Chinese medicine (89.5%) were most commonly used. In both the crude and adjusted (I to III) models, odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval for both age and CRP levels were > 1. Moreover, the smooth curve fitting graph reflected that the severity of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both age and CRP levels (all P value < 0.05). The signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fairly moderate. The health care professionals treating the COVID-19 patients should be aware of the increased likelihood of progression to severe COVID-19 in elderly patients and those with high CRP levels. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864573/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00465-z id: cord-305479-o47mv4uw author: Feng, Xiaobo title: Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes of Severe Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-06 words: 3637.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305479-o47mv4uw.txt summary: Further research is urgently needed to guide clinicians, and we therefore prospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of 114 severely ill patients with COVID-19 for short-term at the Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. We found that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction may play important roles in the final outcome of severely ill patients with COVID-19. Here, we used a single-centered, prospective method to describe the basic clinical characteristics and shortterm outcomes of severe patients in Union hospital, Wuhan, and we further aimed to explore the potential risk factors for poor outcomes among these patients using Cox proportional hazard models. In summary, the present study is a single-center, prospective observational study that examined clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor short-term outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19. abstract: Background: A novel pneumonia (COVID-19) spread rapidly throughout worldwide, in December, 2019. Most of the deaths have occurred in severe and critical cases, but information on prognostic risk factors for severely ill patients is incomplete. Further research is urgently needed to guide clinicians, and we therefore prospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of 114 severely ill patients with COVID-19 for short-term at the Union Hospital in Wuhan, China. Methods: In this single-centered, prospective, and observational study, we enrolled 114 severely ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Jan 23, 2020, to February 22, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were recorded, and the risk factors for poor outcome were analyzed. Results: Among the 114 enrolled patients with a mean age of 63.96 ± 13.41 years, 94 (82.5%) patients were classified as a good outcome group. Common clinical manifestations included fever, cough, and fatigue. Compared with the good outcome group, 20 (17.5%) patients in the poor outcome group more frequently exhibited lymphopenia, and lower levels of albumin, partial arterial oxygen pressure, higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, hypersensitive troponin I, C-reactive protein, ferritin, blood urea nitrogen, and D-dimer, as well as markedly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, CD8 + T cells, decreased in almost all the patients and were markedly lower in the poor outcome group than the good outcome group. We also found that traditional Chinese medicine can significantly improve the patient's condition, which is conducive to the transformation from a severe to mild condition. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses of potential factors for poor outcome patients indicated that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction are related to the development of a poor outcome. Conclusion: In summary, we reported this single-centered, prospective, and observational study for short-term outcome in severe patients with COVID-19. We found that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction may play important roles in the final outcome of severely ill patients with COVID-19. Our study will allow clinicians to benefit and rapidly estimate the likelihood of a short-term poor outcome for severely ill patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850926/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00491 id: cord-280667-wpju6pwi author: Feng, Yi title: When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 words: 4532.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280667-wpju6pwi.txt summary: This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic while people self-isolated at home in China. As noted above, we expect that people with high altruism may have had more negative mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the self-isolation period, which could verify the mediating role of positive or negative affect. Correlations between mental health and other variables Table 2 shows the results of the Spearman correlations between perceived risk, altruism, positive affect, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Figure 2 shows the final SEM model, which fit the data well In summary, the moderating effect of altruism was completely mediated by negative affect, suggesting that when people perceive a high risk of COVID-19, those with high altruism may show worse mental health outcomes than those with low altruism because they may experience greater negative affect. abstract: BACKGROUND: The positive predictive effect of altruism on physical and psychological well-being has been extensively demonstrated in previous studies, but few studies have examined the effect of altruism on negative mental health outcomes when altruists cannot perform altruistic behaviours. This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic while people self-isolated at home in China. METHOD: University students were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Self-reported perceived risk, altruism, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA scale), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9). A structural equation model was used to analyse the mediating and moderating effects on mental health. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 1346 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.76 ± 2.23 years, 73% female). Overall, the higher the risk the participants perceived, the more negative affect they exhibited (β = 0.16, p < .001), and thus, the more anxious and depressed they felt (β = 0.134, p < .001); however, this relationship between risk perception and negative affect was moderated by altruism. In contrast to previous studies, the increase in negative affect associated with the increased perceived risk was pronounced among individuals with high altruism (t = 7.68, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with high altruism exhibited more negative affect than those with low altruism, which indirectly increased their anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings enrich theories of altruism and provide valuable insight into the influence of altruism on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32650785/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00587-y id: cord-342616-k65501xp author: Feng, Zhichao title: The Use of Adjuvant Therapy in Preventing Progression to Severe Pneumonia in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Data Analysis date: 2020-04-10 words: 4280.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342616-k65501xp.txt summary: Nonspecific antiviral therapy did not prevent clinical progression to severe pneumonia, although fewer hypertensive patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) therapy developed severe pneumonia in contrast with those on non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive therapy (1 of 16 [6.3%] patients and 16 of 49 [32.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 26.4%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 41.3%]). Nonspecific antiviral therapy did not prevent clinical progression to severe pneumonia, although fewer hypertensive patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) therapy developed severe pneumonia in contrast with those on non-ACEI/ARB that hypertension without receiving ACEI/ARB therapy was an independent risk factor (odds ratio [12] [13] [14] There has been considerable interest and debate regarding the risk of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in patients on angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy, presumably through the modulation of ACE2 expression. abstract: ABSTRACT IMPORTANCE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic associated with high mortality and effective treatment to prevent clinical deterioration to severe pneumonia has not yet been well clarified. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of several adjuvant treatments in preventing severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 564 consecutively hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha Public Health Treatment Center, First Hospital of Yueyang, Junshan People's Hospital of Yueyang, Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Central Hospital of Xiangtan, Second Hospital of Changde, Central Hospital of Loudi, and First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China in Hunan province from January 17, 2020 to February 28, 2020; The final date of follow-up was March 15, 2020. EXPOSURES Nonspecific antivirals (arbidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, and interferon α), antihypertensives, and chloroquine. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The development of severe COVID-19 pneumonia; Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Of 564 patients, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range, 36-58 years), and 284 (50.4%) patients were men. Sixty-nine patients (12.2%) developed severe pneumonia. Patients who developed severe pneumonia were older (median age of 59 and 45 years, respectively), and more patients had comorbidities including hypertension (30.4% and 12.3%, respectively), diabetes (17.4% and 6.7%, respectively), and cardiovascular disease (8.7% and 3.2%, respectively) and presented with fever (84.1% and 60.4%, respectively) and shortness of breath (10.1% and 3.8%, respectively) compared with those who did not. Nonspecific antiviral therapy did not prevent clinical progression to severe pneumonia, although fewer hypertensive patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) therapy developed severe pneumonia in contrast with those on non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive therapy (1 of 16 [6.3%] patients and 16 of 49 [32.7%] patients, respectively [difference, 26.4%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 41.3%]). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension without receiving ACEI/ARB therapy was an independent risk factor (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.07 to 4.00) for developing severe pneumonia irrespective of age. Besides, none of patients treated with chloroquine developed severe pneumonia, though without significance (difference, 12.0%; 95% CI, -3.5% to 30.0%) by propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hypertensive patients on ACEI or ARB may be protective from severe pneumonia in COVID-19 and hence these therapies should not be ceased unless there is a strong indication or further epidemiological evidence. Though none of the current antiviral and immunoregulation therapy showed benefit in preventing COVID-19 progression, chloroquine deserved further investigation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539 id: cord-309333-lvcp8imi author: Fenichel, Eli P title: A cell phone data driven time use analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 5386.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309333-lvcp8imi.txt summary: Here we build on prior epidemiological time use modeling (Bayham and Fenichel, 2016; Bayham et al., 2015; Berry et al., 2018) to adapt the common SEIR framework to a dynamic time use structure that enables differential behavior by health status in order to incorporate smartphone tracking data into a model of the COVID-19 epidemic for every county in the United States. In prior research, we developed an economic-epidemiological model based on a time-varying conditional proportional mixing structure (Fenichel, 2013; Fenichel et al., 2011) that enables physical distancing behavior to vary based on health state and respond to the state of the epidemic. Serological tests capable of identifying recovered and immune individuals (which are not yet available) are important, and the greatest benefits are in counties where getting recovered individuals back to baseline schedules reduces the greatest share of cases ( Figure 6 ) coupled with those counties likely to experience the greatest hardships from infection (Maher et al., 2020) . abstract: Transmission of the SAR-COV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 is largely driven by human behavior and person-to-person contact. By staying home, people reduce the probability of contacting an infectious individual, becoming infected, and passing on the virus. One of the most promising sources of data on time use is smartphone location data. We develop a time use driven proportional mixing SEIR model that naturally incorporates time spent at home measured using smartphone location data and allows people of different health statuses to behave differently. We simulate epidemics in almost every county in the United States. The model suggests that Americans' behavioral shifts have reduced cases in 55%-86% of counties and for 71%-91% of the population, depending on modeling assumptions. Resuming pre-epidemic behavior would lead to a rapid rise in cases in most counties. Spatial patterns of bending and flattening the curve are robust to modeling assumptions. Depending on epidemic history, county demographics, and behavior within a county, returning those with acquired immunity (assuming it exists) to regular schedules generally helps reduce cumulative COVID-19 cases. The model robustly identifies which counties would experience the greatest share of case reduction relative to continued distancing behavior. The model occasionally mischaracterizes epidemic patterns in counties tightly connected to larger counties that are experiencing large epidemics. Understanding these patterns is critical for prioritizing testing resources and back-to-work planning for the United States. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20073098 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20073098 id: cord-282430-u5ukqc5z author: Fenton, Mark E. title: An Expanded COVID-19 Telemedicine Intermediate Care Model Using Repurposed Hotel Rooms date: 2020-10-15 words: 2172.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282430-u5ukqc5z.txt summary: The Pleural Pressure Working Group''s planned RECRUIT (Recruitment Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography: Feasibility, Correlation with Clinical Outcomes and Pilot Data on Personalised PEEP Selection) project (https:// www.plugwgroup.org/), which aims to compare the results of different bedside methods to titrate PEEP based on EIT, might provide us with some answers on how to titrate PEEP using EIT data. Bruni and colleagues have built the clinical care model around twice daily assessment of patients by a respiratory physician using remote monitoring (no details of how monitoring is done were included) (1). We really thank Fenton and colleagues for their interest in our article (1) and the pleasing comments regarding our telemedicine-supported hotel accommodation model for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) . Electrical impedance tomography for positive end-expiratory pressure titration in COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32790480/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2902le id: cord-261113-v84rzhin author: Ferdinand, Keith C. title: Understanding African American COVID‐19 Severity and Mortality: Is Obesity the Key? date: 2020-08-04 words: 1015.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261113-v84rzhin.txt summary: Accordingly, in a recent large case series of 5,700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, including 1,230 (22.6%) AA, obesity was reported to increase the odds ratio for death by 3.05 (95% CI: 1.57-5.92) (8) . Moreover, among 3,615 individuals in a large New York City academic hospital, without defined percentages based on race/ethnicity, obesity and COVID-19 appeared to affect severity at younger ages. Similarly, in 265 patients (58% male) from several US university hospitals, obesity was a salient risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. The authors proposed increased public messaging to younger adults, proactive virus testing in individuals with obesity, and maintaining greater vigilance for this at-risk population to help ameliorate widespread, severe COVID-19 disease (10) . Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22938 doi: 10.1002/oby.22938 id: cord-257839-kfzc4pwq author: Ferguson, Katie title: COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis date: 2020-08-03 words: 2800.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257839-kfzc4pwq.txt summary: We present this case to highlight the extensive COVID-19-associated thrombotic complications that can occur, even despite periods of high-dose prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation. In recent case series, elevated D-dimer levels were reported in 43% 6 of the patients and were associated with disease severity and increased mortality. 5 Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect Several case series exist which explore the incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. 10 The latter includes a study of 10 ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom D-dimer levels and viscoelastic measures reduced in response to increased prophylactic dosing. [11] [12] [13] Twitter Nathaniel Quail @DrNatQuail and Kevin G Blyth @kevingblyth Acknowledgements Dr Joe Sarvesvaran''s care and compassion were integral to this patient''s journey to recovery and we would like to acknowledge his support with writing this case report, and for selecting the key images to include. abstract: We describe a patient with COVID-19 who developed simultaneous pulmonary, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis. A 58-year-old man, without major comorbidity, was admitted with a 14-day history of breathlessness. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was confirmed by laboratory testing. Initial imaging revealed COVID-19 pneumonia but no pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The patient subsequently developed respiratory failure and left foot ischaemia associated with a rising D-dimer. Repeat CTPA and lower limb CT angiography revealed simultaneous bilateral PTE, biventricular cardiac thrombi and bilateral lower limb arterial occlusions. This case highlights a broad range of vascular sequalae associated with COVID-19 and the fact that these can occur despite a combination of prophylactic and treatment dose anticoagulation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32747597/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237460 id: cord-300325-f3eomugb author: Ferguson, Nadia C. title: Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date: 2020-10-15 words: 2473.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt summary: Scientific literature and media outlets constantly highlight the work of nurses and doctors on the frontline, but this article will specifically focus on the role of the clinical pharmacist during the coronavirus pandemic emphasizing the extraordinary work done to ensure safe effective therapy was provided to optimize health outcomes in hospitalized patients (5) (6) (7) (8) . In cases where adequate supply could not be obtained in a timely manner, clinical pharmacists used the established communication channels with their clinical teams to implement preemptive shortage management strategies that avoided therapeutic interruptions, optimized patient care, and mitigated stress for other frontline staff. To ensure rapid system-wide implementation of strategies such as the use of alternative analgosedation for an entire unit, clinical pharmacists established direct email communication chains with the Chair of the Medicine and Critical Care departments, who included these recommendations in their daily briefings to hospitalists and advanced practice practitioners in those areas. abstract: Although coronavirus disease 2019 was first identified in December 2019, it rapidly spread and became a global pandemic. The number of patients infected with the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) rose rapidly in New York State, placing great stress on healthcare systems. The traditional roles and practices of healthcare providers were dramatically redefined to meet the demand to care for the large number of ill patients. While literature reports on the experiences of many frontline staff, there is a scarcity of reports on the role of clinical pharmacists during this crisis. We report the role of critical care clinical pharmacists at a large academic medical center in New York City during this pandemic. Effective crisis management required clinical pharmacists to employ a wide array of skills and knowledge. Areas included clinical expertise, education, data analysis, health informatics infrastructure, and inventory management in times of surging medication use and manufacturer shortages. Clinical pharmacists fulfilled an essential service during the coronavirus pandemic by working to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patients they served on the frontline. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134940/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000243 id: cord-285574-i0dh1u5i author: Ferini-Strambi, Luigi title: COVID-19 and neurological disorders: are neurodegenerative or neuroimmunological diseases more vulnerable? date: 2020-07-21 words: 6800.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285574-i0dh1u5i.txt summary: The main goal of this viewpoint review is to assess the vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 among neurological disorders with different pathogenesis and age-related targets such as neurodegenerative vs neuroimmunological diseases. Since SARS-CoV-2 effects on neurodegenerative, as well as neuroimmune diseases, might vary across the different pathogenesis and clinical features, we consider the evidence within three sections: (i) vulnerability to the infection; (ii) modification of the clinical course of disease, in relation to clinical neurological manifestations, disease progression and innovative strategies, to support clinicians in the management of the disease; (iii) trigger for future neurodegeneration. Taken together, these findings suggest that although PD patients may represent a particularly vulnerable population for age-related target, respiratory muscle rigidity related to the disease, and presence of several comorbidities, PD by itself do not appears increase the risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 and developing COVID-19 ( Fig. 1) . abstract: Neurological disorders and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are two conditions with a recent well-documented association. Intriguing evidences showed that COVID-19 infection can modify clinical spectrum of manifested neurological disorders but also it plays a crucial role in the development of future diseases as long-tem consequences. In this viewpoint review, we aimed to assess the vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 among neurological disorders. With this in mind, we tested the hypothesis that age rather than neuropathology itself could be decisive in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, whereas neuropathology rather than age may be critical in neuroimmunological diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. Highlighting the role of potential susceptibility or protection factors from this disastrous infection, we also stratify the risk for future neurodegeneration. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10070-8 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10070-8 id: cord-263703-5csf9z6s author: Fernandez Villalobos, N. V. title: Quantification of the association between predisposing health conditions, demographic, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-01 words: 5758.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263703-5csf9z6s.txt summary: Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We extracted relevant variables in the smallest reported unit and according to the main stratification variable, either comorbidity or behavioural risk factor, author and link, country, data source, age-range, study time-frame, baseline population group, outcome (mortality, severity, or other), number of individuals in the risk group, total sample, number of individuals among risk group with outcome, total number of individuals people with the outcome, and effect measures of association reported as well as relative risks computed automatically. abstract: Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is lacking leading to inconsistent national and international recommendations on who should be targeted for non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly available data to quantify the association between predisposing health conditions, demographics, and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19. We provided ranges of reported and calculated effect estimates and pooled relative risks derived from a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results 75 studies were included into qualitative and 74 into quantitative synthesis, with study populations ranging from 19 - 44,672 COVID-19 cases. The risk of dying from COVID-19 was significantly associated with cerebrovascular [pooled RR 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.1)] and cardiovascular [RR 3.2 (CI 2.3-4.5)] diseases, hypertension [RR 2.6 (CI 2.0-3.4)], and renal disease [RR 2.5 (CI 1.8-3.4)]. Health care workers had lower risk for death and severe outcomes of disease (RR 0.1 (CI 0.1-0.3). Our meta-regression showed a decrease of the effect of some comorbidities on severity of disease with higher median age of study populations. Associations between comorbidities and hospitalisation and ICU admission were less strong than for death. Conclusions We obtained robust estimates on the magnitude of risk for COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death associated with comorbidities, demographic, and behavioural risk factors. We identified and confirmed population groups that are vulnerable and that require targeted prevention approaches. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.20165050v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165050 id: cord-342143-un14oynk author: Fernández-Díaz, Eva title: COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: A description of two cases on alemtuzumab date: 2020-07-17 words: 1614.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342143-un14oynk.txt summary: Conclusion: In selected patients (young, without comorbidities, and with high activity), MS itself could be more dangerous than COVID-19, so we should consider continuing MS treatment as previously planned, including alemtuzumab. Conclusion: In selected patients (young, without comorbidities, and with high activity), MS itself could be more dangerous than COVID-19, so we should consider continuing MS treatment as previously planned, including alemtuzumab. Therefore, alemtuzumab carries a theoretical high risk of developing COVID-19 if the infection occurs before immune reconstitution and the general recommendation is postponing infusions until the pandemic is controlled (Brownlee et al., 2020; Costa-Frossard França et al., 2020; Giovannoni et al., 2020) . Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mild uncomplicated infection despite intense immunosuppression Mild COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis and severe depletion of T-lymphocyte subsets due to alemtuzumab Potential COVID-19 infection in patients with severe multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab Temporal evolution of immune cells populations in our two MS patients who developed COVID-19 under alemtuzumab treatment across disease stages. abstract: BACKGROUND: Alemtuzumab is a treatment for highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). Immunosuppression is considered a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and there is still lack of evidence to guide MS practice. METHODS/RESULTS: We describe the clinical and immunological evolution of two MS patients under alemtuzumab treatment who were affected by COVID-19, one of them only one week after receiving her last dose, and both recovered without sequelae. CONCLUSION: In selected patients (young, without comorbidities, and with high activity), MS itself could be more dangerous than COVID-19, so we should consider continuing MS treatment as previously planned, including alemtuzumab. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102402 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102402 id: cord-313468-lloh1b0y author: Fernández‐Aranda, Fernando title: COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study date: 2020-09-20 words: 4648.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313468-lloh1b0y.txt summary: The aims of this exploratory study were threefold: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), a newly created scale for measuring the impact of confinement; (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement (eating symptomatology and weight, attitudes and dysfunctional emotions, worries and concerns, anxiety and depressive symptomatology and addictive behaviours); (3) to explore the potential difficulties for participants in using telemedicine during confinement when usual health care was interrupted. Based on previous literature (Baenas et al., 2020; Fernández-Aranda et al., 2020; Temorshuizen et al., 2020; Mallorqui-Bague, 2018) , we hypothetised that eating disorder subtype and obesity would achieve a moderator/interaction role in the changes occurred during the confinement: behavioural and emotional reactions, eating patterns-weight, anxiety and affective symptoms should be different depending on the ED subtype previous to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Confinement during the COVID‐19 pandemic is expected to have a serious and complex impact on the mental health of patients with an eating disorder (ED) and of patients with obesity. The present manuscript has the following aims: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement in eating symptomatology; and (3) to explore the general acceptation of the use of telemedicine during confinement. The sample comprised 121 participants (87 ED patients and 34 patients with obesity) recruited from six different centres. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) tested the rational‐theoretical structure of the CIES. Adequate goodness‐of‐fit was obtained for the confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach alpha values ranged from good to excellent. Regarding the effects of confinement, positive and negative impacts of the confinement depends of the eating disorder subtype. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and with obesity endorsed a positive response to treatment during confinement, no significant changes were found in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, whereas Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) patients endorsed an increase in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology. Furthermore, AN patients expressed the greatest dissatisfaction and accommodation difficulty with remote therapy when compared with the previously provided face‐to‐face therapy. The present study provides empirical evidence on the psychometric robustness of the CIES tool and shows that a negative confinement impact was associated with ED subtype, whereas OSFED patients showed the highest impairment in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2784 doi: 10.1002/erv.2784 id: cord-337186-5zwt2bfo author: Fero, Katherine E. title: Perceived Impact of Urologic Surgery Training Program Modifications due to COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-06-06 words: 3112.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337186-5zwt2bfo.txt summary: Respondents reported decreased surgical volume (83%-100% varying by subspecialty), increased use of telehealth (99%), a transition to virtual educational platforms (95%) and decreased size of inpatient resident teams (90%). Significantly more respondents from high COVID-19 regions reported decreased emergency urologic surgical volume (76% vs 22%, p = 0.01) and cancelled educational activities (11% vs 1%, p < 0.01). A significantly larger proportion of respondents in high COVID-19 regions reported urology trainees caring for COVID-19 patients (91% vs 7%, p= 0.03), being re-deployed (37% vs 11%, p<0.01), and being required to stay at home due to sickness or exposure (78% vs 20%, p <0.01). In the months after the emergence of COVID-19, US urology residency programs underwent significant modifications including decreased surgical and ambulatory volume, increased use of telehealth, increased educational activities via virtual platforms and significant workforce restructuring. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Significant healthcare disruption due to pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has implications across all aspects of clinical care in the United States (US). In this study, we aim to assess urology residency program modifications in the context of COVID-19, and perceptions of the impact on urology trainees. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of program leadership and residents at accredited US urology residencies was administered between April 28, 2020 – March 11, 2020. Total cohort responses are reported, and sub-analyses were preformed comparing responses between those in in high vs low COVID-19 geographic regions, and between program leaders vs residents. RESULTS: Program leaders from 43% of programs and residents from 18% of programs responded. Respondents reported decreased surgical volume (83%-100% varying by subspecialty), increased use of telehealth (99%), a transition to virtual educational platforms (95%) and decreased size of inpatient resident teams (90%). Most residents are participating in care of COVID-19 patients (83%) and 20% endorsed that urology residents have been re-deployed. 79% of respondents perceive a negative impact of recent events on urology surgery training and anxiety regarding competency upon completion of residency training was more pronounced among respondents in high COVID-19 regions. CONCLUSION: Major modifications to urology training programs were implemented in response to COVID-19. Attention must be paid to the downstream effects of the training disruption on urology residents. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0090429520306464 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.05.051 id: cord-293740-4c3yemi3 author: Ferrando, Carlos title: Clinical features, ventilatory management, and outcome of ARDS caused by COVID-19 are similar to other causes of ARDS date: 2020-07-29 words: 4327.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293740-4c3yemi3.txt summary: METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study in consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS (as defined by the Berlin criteria) affected with with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens), admitted to a network of 36 Spanish and Andorran intensive care units (ICUs) between March 12 and June 1, 2020. [temperature, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate], laboratory parameters (blood test, coagulation, biochemical), ventilatory parameters [tidal volume (VT), inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO 2 ), respiratory rate (RR), PEEP, plateau pressure (Pplat), driving pressure (DP), respiratory system compliance (Crs)], the use of adjunctive therapies [recruitment maneuvers (RM), prone position, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], pharmacological treatments, disease chronology [time from onset of symptoms and from hospital admission to initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV), ventilator-free days (VFDs) during the first 30 days, ICU length of stay (LOS)]. abstract: PURPOSE: The main characteristics of mechanically ventilated ARDS patients affected with COVID-19, and the adherence to lung-protective ventilation strategies are not well known. We describe characteristics and outcomes of confirmed ARDS in COVID-19 patients managed with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study in consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS (as defined by the Berlin criteria) affected with with COVID-19 (confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens), admitted to a network of 36 Spanish and Andorran intensive care units (ICUs) between March 12 and June 1, 2020. We examined the clinical features, ventilatory management, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 ARDS patients, and compared some results with other relevant studies in non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. RESULTS: A total of 742 patients were analysed with complete 28-day outcome data: 128 (17.1%) with mild, 331 (44.6%) with moderate, and 283 (38.1%) with severe ARDS. At baseline, defined as the first day on invasive MV, median (IQR) values were: tidal volume 6.9 (6.3–7.8) ml/kg predicted body weight, positive end-expiratory pressure 12 (11–14) cmH(2)O. Values of respiratory system compliance 35 (27–45) ml/cmH(2)O, plateau pressure 25 (22–29) cmH(2)O, and driving pressure 12 (10–16) cmH(2)O were similar cto values from non-COVID-19 ARDS observed in other studies. Recruitment maneuvers, prone position and neuromuscular blocking agents were used in 79%, 76% and 72% of patients, respectively. The risk of 28-day mortality was lower in mild ARDS [hazard ratio (RR) 0.56 (95% CI 0.33–0.93), p = 0.026] and moderate ARDS [hazard ratio (RR) 0.69 (95% CI 0.47–0.97), p = 0.035] when compared to severe ARDS. The 28-day mortality was similar to other observational studies in non-COVID-19 ARDS patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this large series, COVID-19 ARDS patients have features similar to other causes of ARDS, compliance with lung-protective ventilation was high, and the risk of 28-day mortality increased with the degree of ARDS severity. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-06192-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728965/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06192-2 id: cord-270112-o2exvfy5 author: Ferrarese, Carlo title: An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study on neurological manifestations of COVID-19 (NEUROCOVID) date: 2020-05-19 words: 2465.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270112-o2exvfy5.txt summary: We report here the description of a multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), involving the Italian Neurological Departments, who will consecutively recruit patients with neurological symptoms and/or signs, occurred at the onset or as a complication of COVID-19. A comprehensive data collection, in the form of electronic case report form (eCRF), will register all possible neurological manifestations involving central nervous systems, peripheral nerves, and muscles, together with clinical, laboratory (including cerebrospinal fluid, if available), imaging, neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological data. More specifically, the aims are to gather data on the following: (1) the appearance of neurologic symptoms and/or signs at COVID-19 onset or during the disease course, (2) the exams performed for the diagnosis of the neurological involvement, (3) the clinical course of both the COVID-19 infection and the neurological events, but also the occurrence of possible long-term neurological complications within a 6-month period of follow-up. abstract: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been described in both single case reports and retrospective scanty case series. They may be linked to the potential neurotropism of the SARS-COV-2 virus, as previously demonstrated for other coronaviruses. We report here the description of a multicenter retrospective-prospective observational study promoted by the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN), involving the Italian Neurological Departments, who will consecutively recruit patients with neurological symptoms and/or signs, occurred at the onset or as a complication of COVID-19. Hospitalized patients will be recruited either in neurological wards or in COVID wards; in the latter cases, they will be referred from other specialists to participant neurologists. Outpatients with clinical signs of COVID and neurological manifestations will be also referred to participating neurologists from primary care physicians. A comprehensive data collection, in the form of electronic case report form (eCRF), will register all possible neurological manifestations involving central nervous systems, peripheral nerves, and muscles, together with clinical, laboratory (including cerebrospinal fluid, if available), imaging, neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological data. A follow-up at hospital discharge (in hospitalized patients), and for all patients after 3 and 6 months, is also planned. We believe that this study may help to intercept the full spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and, given the large diffusion at national level, can provide a large cohort of patients available for future more focused investigations. Similar observational studies might also be proposed at international level to better define the neurological involvement of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1 id: cord-325619-qmszgw66 author: Ferrari, Andrea title: Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy date: 2020-05-26 words: 974.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325619-qmszgw66.txt summary: title: Children with cancer in the time of COVID‐19: An 8‐week report from the six pediatric onco‐hematology centers in Lombardia, Italy In the days following the outbreak, the pediatric oncology centers in the region were suddenly faced with an unexpected emergency situation exceeding the capacity of Lombardia''s health system 2 and had to urgently adjust accordingly: they continued to develop oncological treatments, while implementing measures to minimize the risks of infections, to test for COVID-19 high-risk cases and to adequately manage COVID-19-positive patients, 3 as reported in Table 1 . Overall, 286 patients were tested for COVID-19, 212 of them asymptomatic (187 tested for screening purposes and 25 due to close contact with diagnosed cases) and 74 symptomatic ( Table 2) . g) At specific pediatric centers, all patients accessing the facilities could be screened on admission for a limited time for research purposes. Flash survey on SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric patients on anti-cancer treatment abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32452123/ doi: 10.1002/pbc.28410 id: cord-255473-kizyv6mp author: Ferrari, D. title: Machine learning in predicting respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia - challenges, strengths, and opportunities in a global health emergency date: 2020-06-02 words: 3414.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255473-kizyv6mp.txt summary: This analysis aimed to determine a 48 hours prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, as assessed with PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mmHg, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study outcome was the onset of moderate to severe respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg ([≥] 13.3 kPa) in at least one of two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses in the following 48 hours. The aim of this study was to estimate a 48 hour prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study outcome was the onset of moderate to severe respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio <150 mmHg in at least one of two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses in the following 48 hours. The aim of this study was to have a 48 hour prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Background Machine learning can assist clinicians in forecasting patients with COVID-19 who develop respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. This analysis aimed to determine a 48 hours prediction of moderate to severe respiratory failure, as assessed with PaO2/FiO2 < 150 mmHg, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This was an observational study that comprised all consecutive adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital of Modena, Italy from 21 February to 6 April 2020. COVID-19 was confirmed with PCR positive nasopharyngeal swabs while the presence of pneumonia was radiologically confirmed. Patients received standard of care according to national guidelines for clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients' full medical history, demographic and epidemiological features, clinical data, complete blood count, coagulation, inflammatory and biochemical markers were routinely collected and aggregated in a clinically-oriented logical framework in order to build different datasets. The dataset was used to train a learning framework relying on Microsoft LightGBM and leveraging a hybrid approach, where clinical expertise is applied alongside a data-driven analysis. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were used to quantify the positive or negative impact of each variable included in the model on the predicted outcome. The study outcome was the onset of moderate to severe respiratory failure defined as PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150 mmHg ([≥] 13.3 kPa) in at least one of two consecutive arterial blood gas analyses in the following 48 hours. Results A total of 198 patients contributed to generate 1068 valuable observations which allowed to build 3 prediction models based respectively on 31-variables signs and symptoms, 39-variables laboratory biomarkers and 91-variables as a composition of the two. A fourth boosted mixed model which included 20 variables was selected from the model 3, achieved the best predictive performance (AUC=0.84). Its clinical performance was applied in a narrative case report as an example. Conclusion This study developed a machine learning algorithm, with a 84% prediction accuracy, which is potentially able to assist clinicians in decision making process with therapeutic implications. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.30.20107888v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20107888 id: cord-255665-srvz2ay0 author: Ferrari, Marco title: COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions date: 2020-10-14 words: 2481.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255665-srvz2ay0.txt summary: title: COVID-19 screening protocols for preoperative assessment of head and neck cancer patients candidate for elective surgery in the midst of the pandemic: a narrative review with comparison between two Italian institutions The study included all patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia for HNC at two Italian tertiary referral academic hospitals during the peak of the pandemic diffusion of to an internal "grey zone" of COVID-19 surveillance, submitted to further blood tests, chest CT, and nasal/nasopharyngeal swab while maintaining strict isolation. The following data were extracted from institutional databases: patient-related including the 2-week post-discharge period) was considered as the gold standard evaluation (i.e. patients developing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 through nucleic acid-based test on respiratory secretions in this time frame were considered as "false negative" of the screening; abstract: Background Preoperative screening had a key role in planning elective surgical activity for head and neck cancer (HNC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods All patients undergoing surgery for HNC at two Italian referral hospitals (University of Padua and National Cancer Institute [NCI]) during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy were included. Accuracy of screening protocols was assessed. Results In the Padua protocol, 41 patients were screened by pharyngeal swab. The entire sample (100%) was admitted to surgery, diagnostic accuracy was 100%. In the NCI protocol, 23 patients underwent a telephone interview, blood test, and chest CT. Twenty patients (87%) were negative and were directly admitted to surgery. In the remaining 3 (13%), pharyngeal swab was performed. The screening was repeated until a negative chest CT was found. Diagnostic accuracy was 85%. Conclusions Dedicated screening protocols for COVID-19 allow to safely perform elective HNC surgery. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1368837520304796?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105043 id: cord-355175-uo9fx6jy author: Ferrazzi, E title: Vaginal delivery in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected pregnant women in Northern Italy: a retrospective analysis date: 2020-05-28 words: 3176.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355175-uo9fx6jy.txt summary: Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardised questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric co‐morbidity, course of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding. Conclusions Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. Another clinical series of 11 women with COVID 19 infection who had successful deliveries (10 caesarean and 1 vaginal) has been reported: in all the newborns, the 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was negative. This paper reports the obstetric outcome of a cohort of COVID-19-affected pregnant women and the rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in newborns according to mode of delivery and breastfeeding status. Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded, our study also suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome in women infected with COVID‐19. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Twelve hospitals in northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women with COVID‐19‐confirmed infection who delivered. EXPOSURE: COVID 19 infection in pregnancy. METHODS: SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected women who were admitted and delivered from 1 to 20 March 2020 were eligible. Data were collected from the clinical records using a standardised questionnaire on maternal general characteristics, any medical or obstetric co‐morbidity, course of pregnancy, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment of COVID 19 infection, mode of delivery, neonatal data and breastfeeding. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Data on mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. RESULTS: In all, 42 women with COVID‐19 delivered at the participating centres; 24 (57.1%, 95% CI 41.0–72.3) delivered vaginally. An elective caesarean section was performed in 18/42 (42.9%, 95% CI 27.7–59.0) cases: in eight cases the indication was unrelated to COVID‐19 infection. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 19/42 (45.2%, 95% CI 29.8–61.3) cases: of these, 7/19 (36.8%, 95% CI 16.3–61.6) required oxygen support and 4/19 (21.1%, 95% CI 6.1–45.6) were admitted to a critical care unit. Two women with COVID‐19 breastfed without a mask because infection was diagnosed in the postpartum period: their newborns tested positive for SARS‐Cov‐2 infection. In one case, a newborn had a positive test after a vaginal operative delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS‐Cov‐2 transmission to the newborn. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: This study suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS‐Cov‐2 transmission to the newborn. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339382/ doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16278 id: cord-295121-4xemmaqt author: Ferreira, Eliane de Oliveira title: Should We Be Worried About Clostridioides difficile During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-29 words: 2301.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295121-4xemmaqt.txt summary: The outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated symptoms, termed COVID-19 disease, originally in Wuhan, China in 2019, has rapidly become a global pandemic (Park, 2020) . Although some of those risk factors for CDI are also related to higher probability rates of mortality in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the limited number of CDI cases reported among COVID-19 patients is somewhat surprising. The authors emphasized that when CDI is present as a co-infection with COVID-19 and the diarrhea persists, therapy can be difficult because of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dearth of studies regarding secondary infections, such as Clostridioides difficile, in COVID-19 patients makes it difficult to measure the effect of the pandemic on antimicrobial stewardship programs and on long term antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, it seems highly likely that cases of CDI are being under-reported among COVID-19 patients and the increased use of antibiotics may, in part, be responsible. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133048/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581343 id: cord-330061-q4xi260z author: Ferreira, João Guimarães title: Pneumothorax as a late complication of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 words: 2421.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330061-q4xi260z.txt summary: We present a typical laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 pneumonia, that was hospitalized due to hypoxemia but did not require mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, patients with more severe disease comprise 14% of the cases, with progressive tachypnea and dyspnea after five to eight days from the beginning of the symptoms, low blood oxygen saturation, and/or lung infiltrates in > 50% of the lungs. Regarding laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infections, the most frequent findings for those who need admission to the intensive care unit are leukocytosis, higher neutrophil count, lymphopenia, increased values of CRP, LDH, aminotransferases, total bilirubin, creatinine, cardiac troponin, procalcitonin and D-dimer. Herein, we present a typical and laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 pneumonia, with clinical course deterioration during the third week of the disease due to a massive hypertensive pneumothorax with no known previous risk factor. Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report abstract: In late 2019, a novel coronavirus initially related to a cluster of severe pneumonia cases in China was identified. COVID-19 cases have rapidly spread to multiple countries worldwide. We present a typical laboratory confirmed case of COVID-19 pneumonia, that was hospitalized due to hypoxemia but did not require mechanical ventilation. Although initially the patient was evaluated with a favorable outcome, in the third week of the disease, the symptomatology deteriorated due to a massive hypertensive pneumothorax with no known previous risk factor. Since the first cases of COVID-19 have been described, pneumothorax was characterized as a potential, though uncommon, complication. It has been reported that diffuse alveolar injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 can cause alveolar rupture, produce air leakage and interstitial emphysema. Although uncommon, pneumothorax should be listed as a differential diagnosis for COVID-19 patients with sudden respiratory decompensation. As a life-threatening event, it requires prompt recognition and expeditious treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062061 doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062061 id: cord-308986-eblxpfds author: Ferreira-Santos, D. title: Identifying baseline clinical features of people with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 3616.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308986-eblxpfds.txt summary: Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the evidence available at LitCovid, until March 23th, 2020, and selected articles that reported the prevalence of socio-demographic characteristics, symptoms and co-morbidities in adults with COVID-19. We consider that the creation of a predictive model that could help identify those at higher risk of having COVID-19, built on their baseline clinical features (such as sociodemographic, symptoms and presence of co-morbidities), could help prioritize screening and therapeutic strategies. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 17 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections Outside Wuhan, China," medRxiv Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia in 62 Patients in Wuhan, China abstract: Objectives: To describe baseline clinical characteristics of adult patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the evidence available at LitCovid, until March 23th, 2020, and selected articles that reported the prevalence of socio-demographic characteristics, symptoms and co-morbidities in adults with COVID-19. Results: In total, 1 572 publications were published on LitCovid. We have included 56 articles in our analysis, with 89% conducted in China, and 75% contained inpatients. Three studies were conducted in North America and one in Europe. Participants age ranged from 28 to 70 years, with balanced gender distribution. Proportion of asymptomatic cases were from 2 to 79%. The most common reported symptoms were fever [4-99%], cough [4-92%], dyspnoea/shortness of breath [1-90%], fatigue 4-89%], myalgia [3-65%], and pharyngalgia [2-61%], while regarding co-morbidities we found cardiovascular disease [1-40%], hypertension [0-40%] and cerebrovascular disease [1-40%]. Such heterogeneity impairs the conduction of meta-analysis. Conclusions: The infection by COVID-19 seems to affect people in a very diverse manner and with different characteristics. With the available data it is not possible to clearly identify those at higher risk of being infected with this condition. Furthermore, the evidence from countries other than China is, at the day, too scarce. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.20100271v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100271 id: cord-326839-nhzasi5a author: Ferreli, Fabio title: Clinical presentation at the onset of COVID-19 and Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis date: 2020-08-18 words: 504.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326839-nhzasi5a.txt summary: Smell and taste dysfunctions were 89 investigated by asking the patients to answer the question "Did you experience any 90 reduction or loss of smell and/or taste at the onset of COVID-19?". Differences in the MiniRQLQ scores relative to ARC and to the onset of 92 COVID-19 were described as mean, standard deviation (SD) and 95% Confidence Interval 93 (CI). investigated to test the hypothesis that patients with a diagnosis of ARC seem to be more 118 affected by olfactory dysfunction when contracting COVID-19, as raised by some authors. In our experience, no differences in taste and smell dysfunction were reported among 120 COVID-19 patients with or without a diagnosis of ARC. Prevalence 139 of taste and smell dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate 143 forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818700/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.009 id: cord-295798-x7or932x author: Ferrey, Antoney J. title: A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease date: 2020-03-28 words: 3030.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295798-x7or932x.txt summary: title: A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease During this interval, he reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fevers but was not suspected of COVID-19 infection until he developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to the hospital. We present a case of COVID-19 in the United States in a long-term dialysis-dependent ESRD patient reported thus far in the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The following day the patient traveled by commercial airline from Southern California to Utah where he presented to an emergency department for continued intermittent vomiting and fevers but was now reporting mild congestion and cough. This case report highlights the importance of considering COVID-19 infection in a variety of clinical presentation that may not initially include typical respiratory symptom to prevent ongoing exposure of potentially affected individuals to the general population. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. The risk factors for severe presentations are concentrated in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are dialysis dependent. We report the first US case of a 56-year-old nondiabetic male with ESRD secondary to IgA nephropathy undergoing thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years, who developed COVID-19 infection. He has hypertension controlled with angiotensin receptor blocker losartan 100 mg/day and coronary artery disease status-post stent placement. During the first 5 days of his febrile disease, he presented to an urgent care, 3 emergency rooms, 1 cardiology clinic, and 2 dialysis centers in California and Utah. During this interval, he reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fevers but was not suspected of COVID-19 infection until he developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to the hospital. Imaging studies upon admission were consistent with bilateral interstitial pneumonia. He was placed in droplet-eye precautions while awaiting COVID-19 test results. Within the first 24 h, he deteriorated quickly and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring intubation and increasing respiratory support. Losartan was withheld due to hypotension and septic shock. COVID-19 was reported positive on hospital day 3. He remained in critical condition being treated with hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab in addition to the standard medical management for septic shock and ARDS. Our case is unique in its atypical initial presentation and highlights the importance of early testing. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507417 doi: 10.1159/000507417 id: cord-254771-698gl09v author: Ferriss, J. Stuart title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success date: 2020-10-17 words: 7565.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254771-698gl09v.txt summary: title: Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations for fellowship education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Innovating programs to optimize trainee success Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the "new normal" of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. This paper summarizes the changes that have taken place in fellowship education at the beginning of the pandemic and provides resources and recommendations for fellows, faculty, and program directors moving forward. These realities create new challenges in gynecologic oncology training, yet programs have an opportunity to design and implement competence-based assessment of surgical milestones. GYOEDU (www.gyoedu.org) is a free, collaborative effort to pool fellowship program resources and has resulted in a robust and evolving educational repository, including live and pre-recorded video-based lectures, study summaries, and clinical trial timelines, as well as a planned question bank. abstract: In approximately ten months' time, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 34 million people and caused over one million deaths worldwide. The impact of this virus on our health, relationships, and careers is difficult to overstate. As the economic realities for academic medical centers come into focus, we must recommit to our core missions of patient care, education, and research. Fellowship education programs in gynecologic oncology have quickly adapted to the “new normal” of social distancing using video conferencing platforms to continue clinical and didactic teaching. United in a time of crisis, we have embraced systemic change by developing and delivering collaborative educational content, overcoming the limitations imposed by institutional silos. Additional innovations are needed in order to overcome the losses in program surgical volume and research opportunities. With the end of the viral pandemic nowhere in sight, program directors can rethink how education is best delivered and potentially overhaul aspects of fellowship curriculum and content. Similarly, restrictions on travel and the need for social distancing has transformed the 2020 fellowship interview season from an in-person to a virtual experience. During this time of unprecedented and rapid change, program directors should be particularly mindful of the needs and health of their trainees and consider tailoring their educational experiences accordingly. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090825820340178 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.10.009 id: cord-261860-gfcm0q3p author: Fersia, O. title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cardiology Services date: 2020-06-16 words: 3858.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261860-gfcm0q3p.txt summary: Conclusion: As ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death nationally and globally, cardiology services need to prepare for a significant increase in workload in the recovery phase and develop new pathways to urgently help those adversely affected by the changes in service provisions. 5 In line with government guidelines, cardiology services had to alter the delivery of care by adopting virtual clinic models, redeployment of staff to the acute medical services and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures while at the same time dealing with the cardiac complications of COVID-19 such as myocarditis, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Since ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death, 7 it is necessary to assess the impact of the lockdown and healthcare restructuring on the performance of cardiology service provision and the changes needed to prepare for the recovery phase and a potential rebound surge of clinical activity. abstract: Objective: COVID-19 pandemic resulted in prioritisation of NHS resources to cope with the surge in infected patients. However, there have been no studies in the UK looking at the effect of COVID-19 work pattern on the provision of cardiology services. We aim to assess the impact of the pandemic on the cardiology services and clinical activity. Methods: We analysed key performance indicators in cardiology services in a single centre in the UK in the intervals prior and during the lockdown to assess for reduction or changes to service provisions. Results: There has been more than 50% drop in patients presenting to cardiology and those diagnosed with myocardial infarction. All cardiology service provisions sustained significant reductions which included outpatient clinics, investigations, procedures and cardiology community services such as heart failure and cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusion: As ischaemic heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death nationally and globally, cardiology services need to prepare for a significant increase in workload in the recovery phase and develop new pathways to urgently help those adversely affected by the changes in service provisions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.10.20126458 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20126458 id: cord-264136-jjtsd4n3 author: Ferstad, Johannes Opsahl title: A model to forecast regional demand for COVID-19 related hospital beds date: 2020-03-30 words: 2758.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264136-jjtsd4n3.txt summary: [6, 7] In order to plan their response, hospital and public health officials need to understand how many people in their area are likely to require hospitalization for COVID-19; how these numbers compare to the number of available intensive care and acute care beds; and how to project the impact of socialdistancing measures on utilization. To facilitate use by hospital and public health officials, the model is deployed through an interactive online website that allows users to generate dynamic, static, and spatial estimates of the number and rate of severe, critical, and mortality case rates for each county or group of counties. In this report, we describe an online, real-time, interactive simulation model to facilitate local policy making and regional coordination by providing estimates of hospital bed demand and the impact of measures to slow the spread of the infection. abstract: COVID-19 threatens to overwhelm hospital facilities throughout the United States. We created an interactive, quantitative model that forecasts demand for COVID-19 related hospitalization based on county-level population characteristics, data from the literature on COVID-19, and data from online repositories. Using this information as well as user inputs, the model estimates a time series of demand for intensive care beds and acute care beds as well as the availability of those beds. The online model is designed to be intuitive and interactive so that local leaders with limited technical or epidemiological expertise may make decisions based on a variety of scenarios. This complements high-level models designed for public consumption and technically sophisticated models designed for use by epidemiologists. The model is actively being used by several academic medical centers and policy makers, and we believe that broader access will continue to aid community and hospital leaders in their response to COVID-19. Link to online model: https://surf.stanford.edu/covid-19-tools/covid-19/ url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044842 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044842 id: cord-308848-chvvtr0d author: Fidel, Paul L. title: Reply to Özdemir, “Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and COVID-19 Relationship” date: 2020-09-22 words: 558.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308848-chvvtr0d.txt summary: While the current clinical trials are not investigating this issue directly, we have focused on the MMR vaccine as it is widely available and has the potential for any or all of the three components to induce the MDSCs. However, based on our data in the animal model of fungal/bacterial sepsis, very strong long-lasting protection is afforded from one administration of the attenuated fungal isolate (7) . Finally, while it is true that we do not know how long the trained innate immunity persists, the randomized clinical trial of MMR versus placebo in health care workers and the nonhuman primate study that will test MMR or BCG in a model of COVID-19 infection will go far to answer these questions. To date, the trained innate response with BCG suggests the immunity is functional for approximately 1 year based on infant vaccinations (8) . Immune protection against lethal fungal-bacterial intra-abdominal infections abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32963010/ doi: 10.1128/mbio.02465-20 id: cord-289111-6725jg29 author: Field, Nicholas C. title: Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt date: 2020-06-25 words: 969.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289111-6725jg29.txt summary: In order to demonstrate the degree of change, we wish to report the dramatic decrease in operative, outpatient clinic, and consult volume at our institution, Albany Medical Center, an Academic Level 1 Trauma Center in upstate New York. 2 We rapidly trialed and implemented a video conference telehealth system by the end of March and have seen a dramatic shift in our clinic practice while continuing to provide appropriate patient care ( Figure 1 ). Our resident service was split into an on-call and backup team due to the decrease in case volume, and also to limit exposure to COVID-19, and provide coverage in the Neuro ICU. Our program has seen a significant reduction in consults and operations over the past three months despite being in a region with a linear case rise that has not been overwhelmed by the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic decline in elective neurosurgical procedures, consults, and clinic visits. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592966/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.141 id: cord-256596-ejuyfto6 author: Field, Robert I. title: Genetics and COVID-19: How to Protect the Susceptible date: 2020-08-29 words: 1390.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256596-ejuyfto6.txt summary: Along with the potential for breakthroughs in care and prevention, the search for genetic mechanisms underlying the spread and severity of COVID-19 introduces the risk of discrimination against those found to have markers for susceptibility. Findings on genetic correlates of COVID-19 progression may lead to better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of susceptibility and resistance and may enable predictions of individual risk for severe disease progression. Alternatively, we might ground new legal protections in utilitarianism, seeking the greatest good for the greatest number of people, but doing this requires an inherently controversial and subjective balancing of social harm from genetic discrimination against the loss of health and life from the disease. The Common Rule could set stricter parameters for collecting, storing and sharing genetic information, including requirements for encrypting data and restricting access, coupled with more vigorous oversight by IRBs. Implementing regulations under GINA could add COVID-19 susceptibility as an explicit example of the kinds of genetic tests that are subject to the law. abstract: Along with the potential for breakthroughs in care and prevention, the search for genetic mechanisms underlying the spread and severity of COVID-19 introduces the risk of discrimination against those found to have markers for susceptibility. We propose new legal protections to mitigate gaps in protections under existing laws. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016895252030233X doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.019 id: cord-312559-ygh507x2 author: Fiesco-Sepulveda, K. Y. title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review date: 2020-05-22 words: 1890.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312559-ygh507x2.txt summary: title: Contributions of Latin American researchers in the understanding the novel coronavirus outbreak: A literature review Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its disease COVID-19. Therefore, meta-analyses 248 using Latin American cases would also be ideal for determining how COVID-19 could affect this 249 region, which has some differences, such as lower average age or higher exposure to respiratory 250 infections than other regions like Europe (Amariles et al., 2020a). (2020) concluded that the novel virus could come from a bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate, 168 which is in agreement with reports from the GISAID database Clinical features of patients infected 644 with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and 674 effective national health surveillance Complete genome sequence of a 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) strain isolated 792 in Nepal. abstract: This paper aimed to give the visibility of Latin American researchers' contributions to the comprehension of COVID-19; our method was a literature review. Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its disease COVID-19. Therefore, in less than four months, researchers have published a significant number of articles related to this novel virus. For instance, a search focused on the Scopus database on April 10, 2020, showed 1224 documents published by authors with 1797 affiliations from 80 countries. 25.4%, 24.0%, and 12.6% of these national affiliations were from China, Europe, and the USA, respectively, making these regions leaders in COVID-19 research. In the case of Latin America, on April 10, 2020, we searched different databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, finding that the contribution of this region was 2.7% of the total publications found. In other words, we found 153 publications related to COVID-19 with at least one Latin American researcher. We summarized and processed the information from these 153 publications, finding active participation in topics like medical, social, and environmental considerations, bioinformatics, and epidemiology. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.16.20104422 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104422 id: cord-315152-v3l33up6 author: Figlerowicz, Magdalena title: First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia date: 2020-07-01 words: 1701.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315152-v3l33up6.txt summary: title: First case of convalescent plasma transfusion in a child with COVID-19-associated severe aplastic anemia We present the case of a six-year-old girl with severe COVID-19, in whom SARS-CoV-2 was successfully eliminated after convalescent plasma transfusion. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) arose unexpectedly in China. In pediatric patients with a severe or critical course of COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can occur; toxic shock is also observed. Here, we present a case of using a J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f convalescent plasma transfusion as a therapeutic method for severe pediatric COVID-19associated aplastic anemia. We present a case of using convalescent plasma in the therapy of a child with severe COVID-19. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients abstract: We present the case of a six-year-old girl with severe COVID-19, in whom SARS-CoV-2 was successfully eliminated after convalescent plasma transfusion. Children show a variable clinical course of COVID-19, from asymptomatic to critical. In our patient, we diagnosed COVID-19-associated aplastic anemia with severe pancytopenia. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection with aplastic anemia remains unclear. At the beginning of the disease, we used antiviral drugs and immune modulators as therapy but without any positive results. After providing a transfusion of convalescent plasma, the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 was observed. We did not observe any adverse events of this treatment. The girl still has a diagnosis of aplastic anemia and requires specialist therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32636116/ doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102866 id: cord-270336-x1up9nvp author: Filatov, Asia title: Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy date: 2020-03-21 words: 1131.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270336-x1up9nvp.txt summary: We report a case of a 74-year-old patient who traveled from Europe to the United States and presented with encephalopathy and COVID-19. Since elderly patients with chronic medical conditions are at an increased risk of altered mental status in the setting of acute infections, patients with COVID-19 infection can also present with acute encephalopathy and changes in their level of consciousness. Here we report a case of a patient who presented with encephalopathy and was found to be infected with COVID-19. Elderly patients with chronic conditions are at an increased risk of altered mental status in the setting of acute infections. Since COVID-19 affects more the elderly and those with preexisting conditions, patients with prior neurological conditions and acute respiratory symptoms are at an increased risk of encephalopathy on initial presentation. Health care providers should be aware that patients with COVID-19 can present with encephalopathy in the acute setting and during hospitalization. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. Neurological complications of COVID-19 have not been reported. Encephalopathy has not been described as a presenting symptom or complication of COVID-19. We report a case of a 74-year-old patient who traveled from Europe to the United States and presented with encephalopathy and COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7352 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7352 id: cord-354129-7ayqkeb8 author: Filetti, Sebastiano title: A journey through and beyond a “perfect storm”: the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 677.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354129-7ayqkeb8.txt summary: springer.com/article/10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5) in our April issue: it provides a detailed picture of the endocrinological/metabolic pathologies being encountered in the context of COVID-19 [1] . The light at the end of this tunnel is little more than a glimmer, but it''s already time to begin thinking about how to reestablish contact with our endocrine and diabetic patients, to restore the relationships that have been disrupted by this "perfect storm." Our community has both the strength and experience to act promptly and find innovative, effective solutions for overcoming the challenges of this phase. The strength of our community is rooted in research, and to highlight the importance of these roots, the current issue of Endocrine contains selected manuscripts from talks given at the Festschrift recently held to honor Professor Marian Ludgate and her colleagues at the University of Cardiff. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02336-y doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02336-y id: cord-346310-venpta28 author: Filgueiras, A. title: Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 4566.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346310-venpta28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346310-venpta28.txt summary: In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors. An updated systematic review on the effects of social distancing and quarantine on mental health 78 revealed that anxiety, depression, stress, anger, insomnia, hopelessness, and sadness were all 79 increased during those conditions (Brooks et al., 2020) . Repeated measures ANOVA 309 revealed that 3 factors were all related to worse levels of stress, depression and anxiety: female 310 gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information. From the time point when quarantine was 398 decreed until 1 month later, worsening perceived stress, depression and anxiety was observed in 399 this sample of the Brazilian population. abstract: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis of global proportions with a significant impact on the country of Brazil. The aims of this investigation were to track changes and risk factors for mental health outcomes during state-mandated quarantine. Adults residing in Brazil (n = 360, 37.9 years of age, 68.9% female) were surveyed at the start of quarantine and 1 month later. Outcomes assessed included perceived stress, state anxiety and depression. Aside from demographics, behaviors and attitudes assessed included exercise, diet, use of tele-psychotherapy and number of COVID-19 related risk factors, such as perceived risk of COVID-19, information overload, and feeling imprisoned. Overall, all mental health outcomes worsened from Time 1 to time 2, although there was a significant gender x time interaction for stress. 9.7% of the sample reported stress above the clinical cut-off (2 SD above mean), while 8.0% and 9.4% were above this cutoff for depression and anxiety, respectively. In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. Changes in diet for the worse were associated with increases in anxiety. Exercise frequency was clearly related to state anxiety (0 days/week > 6 days/week). Those who did aerobic exercise did not have any increase in depression. Use of tele-psychotherapy predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety. In multiple regression, anxiety was predicted by the greatest number of COVID-19 specific factors. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374 id: cord-320902-1hfxju5f author: Filocamo, Giovanni title: Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-05-11 words: 1440.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320902-1hfxju5f.txt summary: As of March 25 2020, in Lombardy, Italy, 1591 patients were admitted in ICUs, of them, 405 (26%) had died in ICU, 256 (16%) had been discharged from the ICU, while 920 patients (58%) were still in the ICU The IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) is a cornerstone treatment for hyperinflammatory conditions such as Still''s disease, and has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of cytokine storm syndromes, including macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine release syndrome (9). At day 10, considering the patient''s critical conditions (PaO2/FiO2 85, volume control ventilation PEEP 14 FiO2 50%) and the hyperferritinemic inflammatory status with ferritin levels more than 3000 ng/ml, use of off-label anakinra was considered and started with the following dosage schedule: 200mg intravenously followed by 100 mg every 6 hours subcutaneously. Indeed, IL-1 inhibitor anakinra has shown to be highly effective in the treatment of cytokine storm syndromes (15) and has already been proven safe in patients with sHLH associated to viral infections such as EBV, H1N1 and Ebola (10). abstract: Abstract Coronavirus Disease 19 is a global healthcare emergency with high lethality rate. Relevant inflammatory cytokine storm is associated with severity of disease and IL1 inhibition is a cornerstone treatment for hyperinflammatory diseases. We present here the case of a patient with critical COVID-19 successfully treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220303337 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.026 id: cord-348848-js36pw2r author: Filut, Amarette title: Will Losing Black Physicians Be a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-07-28 words: 1762.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348848-js36pw2r.txt summary: A compelling case exists that increasing the number of Black physicians trained and practicing in the United States is one effective intervention to promote health equity and reduce the persistent health disparities that have become glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. 4, 6 In this Invited Commentary, we caution that the COVID-19 pandemic, as a further assault on the health of Blacks in this country, may erode the meager progress that has been made in increasing the number of Black physicians. Black physicians'' exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of contracting COVID-19 are proportionately greater Abstract A compelling case exists that increasing the number of Black physicians trained and practicing in the United States is one effective intervention to promote health equity and reduce the persistent health disparities that have become glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: A compelling case exists that increasing the number of Black physicians trained and practicing in the United States is one effective intervention to promote health equity and reduce the persistent health disparities that have become glaringly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the U.S. physician workforce has relatively few Black physicians. Blacks comprise approximately 13% of the U.S. population but only 5% of practicing physicians. In this Invited Commentary, the authors caution that the COVID-19 pandemic may erode the meager progress that has been made in increasing the number of Black physicians. This loss of Black physicians may happen because Black patients are overrepresented among cases of COVID-19, Black physicians care for relatively more Black patients often in settings with less access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and personal protective equipment, and Black physicians have more comorbid chronic conditions that increase their own susceptibility to mortality from COVID-19. All organizations in which physicians train and practice must redouble their efforts to recruit, train, and retain Black physicians. If nothing else, the COVID-19 pandemic must make academic health centers and health care systems recognize Black physicians as the precious resource they are and protect and reward them accordingly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32739932/ doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003651 id: cord-312702-fruzsn26 author: Finch, Courtney L. title: Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) date: 2020-05-14 words: 2785.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312702-fruzsn26.txt summary: title: Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CTand PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Based on the rather limited X-97 ray findings in the lungs of reported NHP models of SARS-CoV-2 infection with either 98 mild or no clinical signs (11, 25, 27-29), we turned to high-resolution chest CT and 99 Increases in PCLH or PCLH/LV 169 were not seen in the mock-exposed macaques over the entire study (Figure 8a A key advantage of quantifiable CT chest imaging readout over serial euthanasia 212 studies, in addition to potentially reduced experimental animal numbers, is the ability not 213 only to evaluate between-group differences, but also to compare severity and duration of 214 disease at higher resolution in single animals and even in isolated parenchymal areas 215 sequentially. follow-up confirmation of these pilot results in this model of mild-moderate COVID-19 233 is needed to further establish quantifiable lung CT as a reliable disease readout and to 234 forge imaging-pathologic correlates in macaques euthanized at peak radiographic 235 abnormality. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing an exponentially increasing number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) cases globally. Prioritization of medical countermeasures for evaluation in randomized clinical trials is critically hindered by the lack of COVID-19 animal models that enable accurate, quantifiable, and reproducible measurement of COVID-19 pulmonary disease free from observer bias. We first used serial computed tomography (CT) to demonstrate that bilateral intrabronchial instillation of SARS-CoV-2 into crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) results in mild-to-moderate lung abnormalities qualitatively characteristic of subclinical or mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (e.g., ground-glass opacities with or without reticulation, paving, or alveolar consolidation, peri-bronchial thickening, linear opacities) at typical locations (peripheral>central, posterior and dependent, bilateral, multi-lobar). We then used positron emission tomography (PET) analysis to demonstrate increased FDG uptake in the CT-defined lung abnormalities and regional lymph nodes. PET/CT imaging findings appeared in all macaques as early as 2 days post-exposure, variably progressed, and subsequently resolved by 6–12 days post-exposure. Finally, we applied operator-independent, semi-automatic quantification of the volume and radiodensity of CT abnormalities as a possible primary endpoint for immediate and objective efficacy testing of candidate medical countermeasures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511338/ doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.096727 id: cord-278870-pct184oa author: Finell, Eerika title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers date: 2020-10-19 words: 5017.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278870-pct184oa.txt summary: title: The Combined Effect of Perceived COVID-19 Infection Risk at Work and Identification with Work Community on Psychosocial Wellbeing among Finnish Social Sector and Health Care Workers We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Thus, when occupational organizations consider protective strategies against stress that is related to COVID-19 infection risk at work among social sector and health care workers, promoting identification with their work community might be one key protective factor that can buffer this stress. This article analyses the combined effect of the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work with work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland. abstract: It has been well documented that both risk perception and group identification are related to psychosocial well-being. However, their combined effect has rarely been analyzed. We examined the combined effect of perceived risk associated with COVID-19 infection at work and work community identification on psychosocial well-being (i.e., frequency of stress symptoms) among health care and social sector workers in Finland (N = 1279). Data were collected via an online questionnaire in June 2020 and analyses of covariance were conducted. Perceived COVID-19 infection risk at work was classified into high, medium and low risk. In total, 41% of participants reported a high risk. After all background variables were included, participants who reported high perceived infection risk and low work community identification reported stress symptoms more often than those who reported high perceived risk and high identification (p = 0.010). Similarly, the former differed significantly from all other comparison groups (medium and low risk, p < 0.001), being the most stressed. We found that perceived infection risk and work community identification were not related to each other. Our conclusion is that high work community identification can buffer employee stress when faced with a high perceived health risk. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, work organizations with a high infection risk should advance the possibility of employees’ identification with their work community. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207623 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207623 id: cord-332824-a2mjkz83 author: Finnerty, Dylan T. title: A potential novel role for lidocaine in Covid- 19 patients? date: 2020-07-23 words: 1749.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332824-a2mjkz83.txt summary: Interestingly serum from COVID-19 patients triggered NET release from control neutrophils in vitro, suggesting COVID-19 creates a cellular environment wherein netosis is more likely to occur. Onset of this disease state in COVID-19 patients is associated with high mortality, and suppression of these overactivated cytokines is a therapeutic target of current interest. We hypothesise that lidocaine infusion in COVID-19 patients may decrease the formation of NETs and modulate the severity of disease. Here it is the surgical stress response that triggers formation of NETs. The mechanisms by which netosis occurs are not fully understood and possibly differ between patients undergoing surgery and those with viral pneumonia. Neutrophil extracellular traps are elevated in patients with pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increased in the alveolar spaces of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia Neutrophil extracellular traps in breast cancer and beyond: current perspectives on NET stimuli, thrombosis and metastasis, and clinical utility for diagnosis and treatment abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32792138/ doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.015 id: cord-344027-qghktrm1 author: Fiolet, Thibault title: ''Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients'' – Author’s reply date: 2020-10-17 words: 329.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344027-qghktrm1.txt summary: title: ''Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of COVID-19 patients'' – Author''s reply As with all studies at risk of critical bias included in our systematic review, it was excluded 50 from the main analysis. Treatment 154 with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with Clinical 158 Efficacy of Chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 Infection: Comparative meta-analysis 159 between the Big data and the real world Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a 166 multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial COVID-19 177 prevention and treatment: A critical analysis of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine 178 clinical pharmacology Interventions 188 for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial 189 sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: an 193 international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: 203 a randomized trial abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20306133?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.002 id: cord-332650-05oz5zwz author: Fiorelli, Silvia title: Perspectives in surgical and anaesthetic management of lung cancer in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-26 words: 3273.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332650-05oz5zwz.txt summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is relevant to consider carefully the lung cancer surgical centre to which patients are referred, taking into account the different levels of complexity of lung cancer management in terms of diagnostic processes and surgical indications. The following suggestions and perspectives are provided by a European high-volume referral centre where locally advanced lung cancer patients are treated surgically in a COVID-19 hospital that guarantees a COVID-free therapeutic pathway. Hence, we need a fast-track algorithm for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies ( Fig. 1A -C) to be used in patients with stage IA-IIIA lung cancer, to guide the use of computed tomography (CT) and fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans and the pretest risk of malignancy and cytological/histological diagnostic procedures ( Fig. 2A) . Although talc slurry is a viable choice for patients who are not suitable for thoracoscopy, video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures with talc poudrage are strongly indicated for patients with stage IV lung cancer even during the COVID-19 outbreak because of the significant qualityof-life improvement and the favourable benefit/risk ratio. abstract: Early in 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread globally, giving rise to a pandemic. In this critical scenario, patients with lung cancer need to continue to receive optimal care and at the same be shielded from infection with the potentially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Upgrades to the prevention and control of infection have become paramount in order to lower the risk of hospital contagion. Aerosol-generating procedures such as endotracheal intubation or endoscopic procedures may expose health care workers to a high risk of infection. Moreover, thoracic anaesthesia usually requires highly complex airway management procedures because of the need for one-lung isolation and one-lung ventilation. Therefore, in the current pandemic, providing a fast-track algorithm for scientifically standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer is urgent. Suggestions for improving existing contagion control guidelines are needed, even in the case of non-symptomatic patients who possibly are responsible for virus spread. A COVID-19-specific intraoperative management strategy designed to reduce risk of infection in both health care workers and patients is also required. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa295 doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa295 id: cord-258229-l716wjwn author: Fiorillo, Andrea title: Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date: 2020-09-28 words: 6702.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt summary: The COMET trial includes three phases: phase one consists in the dissemination of a survey on the impact of lockdown and its related containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population; the second phase consists in the development of a new psychosocial online supportive intervention [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] for the management of the consequences on mental health of the pandemic; the last phase consists in the evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility of the experimental psychosocial intervention in a randomized control trial. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms at DASS-21 (primary outcomes), multivariate linear regression models were performed, including as independent variables: being infected by COVID-19, having a pre-existing mental disorder, being a healthcare professional. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the “lockdown” on March 8, 2020. METHODS: The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21. According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9–15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 id: cord-313356-ninzeazy author: Fiorillo, Luca title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date: 2020-04-30 words: 3803.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. The aim of this article is to evaluate, through the analysis of the current literature, how long this virus can remain active on different surfaces. On average, the different coronaviruses persist in an infectious state on surfaces for several days, even up to nine. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention abstract: Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, many guidelines and anti-contagion strategies continue to report unclear information about the persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the environment. This certainly generates insecurity and fear in people, with an important psychological component that is not to be underestimated at this stage of the pandemic. The purpose of this article is to highlight all the sources currently present in the literature concerning the persistence of the different coronaviruses in the environment as well as in medical and dental settings. As this was a current study, there are still not many sources in the literature, and scientific strategies are moving towards therapy and diagnosis, rather than knowing the characteristics of the virus. Such an article could be an aid to summarize virus features and formulate new guidelines and anti-spread strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365891/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093132 id: cord-284995-8lyr3gs4 author: Fiorina, Laurent title: COVID-19 et troubles du rythme date: 2020-10-02 words: 1416.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284995-8lyr3gs4.txt summary: Les connaissances dans ce domaine sont encore loin d''être exhaustives mais plusieurs séries publiées concernant les patients atteints de la COVID-19 retrouvent une proportion significative de troubles du rythme, dont certains pouvant potentiellement mener à une issue fatale. Sur une série de 146 patients hospitalisés pour la COVID-19, 20% avaient une atteinte myocardique (définie comme une élévation significative de troponine I, avec des signes électrocardiographiques (ECG) compatibles avec une ischémie myocardique) résultant en une J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f mortalité de 51.2% comparée à 4.5% chez les patients sans atteinte myocardique [2] . Troubles du rythme observés à la phase aigüe : Description -Les palpitations étaient un symptôme de présentation initial de la maladie chez 7.3% des patients hospitalisés pour la COVID-19 dans une série de Wuhan en Chine [7] . abstract: Lors de la pandémie due au virus SARS-CoV2 les troubles du rythme n’ont pas été au premier plan. Cependant le virus semble atteindre de nombreux organes et le tropisme cardiaque est maintenant bien connu. Les connaissances dans ce domaine sont encore loin d’être exhaustives mais plusieurs séries publiées concernant les patients atteints de la COVID-19 retrouvent une proportion significative de troubles du rythme, dont certains pouvant potentiellement mener à une issue fatale. Ces troubles du rythme sont principalement supra-ventriculaires à type de fibrillation atriale (FA) ou flutter mais également ventriculaire avec des tachycardies ventriculaires (TV) fibrillation ventriculaire (FV) et plus rarement torsades de pointe (TdP). Les causes en sont multiples du fait de l’atteinte multi-organe du virus et des interactions médicamenteuses potentielles. Par ailleurs la question de la surveillance de troubles du rythme pouvant émerger à moyen et long terme après une infection reste à explorer. In the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, arrhythmias were not in the foreground. However, the virus seems to affect many organs and the cardiac tropism is now well known. Knowledge in this area is still far from exhaustive, but several series published concerning patients with COVID-19 find a significant proportion of arrhythmias, some of which can potentially lead to a fatal outcome. These rhythm disorders are mainly supra-ventricular such as atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter but also ventricular disorders like ventricular tachycardias (VT) ventricular fibrillation (VF) and more rarely torsades de pointe (TdP). The causes are multiple, due to the multi-organ damage caused by the virus and potential drug interactions. In addition, the question of monitoring rhythm disorders that may emerge in the medium and long term after an infection remains to be explored. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0003392820301517 doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.042 id: cord-292493-lx7zfgoi author: Firstenberg, Michael S. title: Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation date: 2020-04-19 words: 2352.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292493-lx7zfgoi.txt summary: Few specific guidelines are available to outline the steps necessary to adequately maintain appropriate isolation precautions in patients who require emergent surgical interventions and who are either confirmed SARS-CoV2 or who are awaiting the results of testing. The purpose of this discussion is to outline the steps our U.S. institution undertook in managing a patient who required emergent cardiac surgery for an acute aortic syndrome who was presumptively infected, and did test positive on post-operative day two. Given the findings of pulmonary infiltrates, upon admission, he was placed in strict droplet and contact precautions in a negative air-flow Intensive Care Unit (ICU) room as a potential COVID-2019 case. Written surgical and anesthesia consent was obtained by the operating surgeon and anesthesiologist wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) that included N-95 mask, face shield, gown, and gloves). abstract: BACKGROUND: The concerns of the highly contagious and morbid nature of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-2019) have prompted healthcare workers to implement strict droplet and contact isolation precautions. Unfortunately, some patients who may be or presumptively or confirmed as infected with COVID-2019 may also require emergent surgical procedures. As such, given the high-risk for exposure of many healthcare workers involved the complex requirements for appropriate isolation must be adhered to. CASE PRESENTATION: We present our experience with a 77-year-old who required emergency cardiac surgery for a presumed acute aortic syndrome in the setting of a presumed, and eventually confirmed, COVID-2019 infection. We outline the necessary steps to maintain strict isolation precautions to limit potential exposure to the surgical Team. CONCLUSIONS: We hereby provide our algorithm for emergent surgical procedures in critically-ill patients with presumptive or confirmed infection with COVID-2019. The insights from this case report can potentially be templated to other facilities in order to uphold high standards of infection prevention and patient safety in surgery during the current COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32328170/ doi: 10.1186/s13037-020-00243-9 id: cord-258133-zsweppku author: Fischer, M. title: COVID-19 paranoia in a patient suffering from schizophrenic psychosis – a case report date: 2020-04-17 words: 1125.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258133-zsweppku.txt summary: Here we report the case of a patient with schizophrenia presenting with COVD-19related delusions and hallucinations, illustrating the potential of COVID-19 to precipitate entry into a psychotic phase and impact symptom manifestation. This case report shows the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the psychopathology of a patient with paranoid psychosis leading to the outbreak of a psychotic phase with paranoid-hallucinatoric experiencing and unrealistic expectations and concerns. This observation may be in line with the previous reports that higher levels of concurrent anxiety in patients with schizophrenia correlated with lower perception of personal risk of infection with swine flu, although the reason for this effect is unclear (Maguire et al., 2019a) . Overall, the current case report illustrates the potential for the psychological context of the COVID-19 emergency to influence emergence and manifestations of symptoms of psychosis, and indicates that measured, balanced and responsible reporting of the COVID-19 crisis in the media will be important to minimize the risk of overreactions in at risk persons and to avoid entry into psychotic episodes. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120306673 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113001 id: cord-318312-v1c3qm7h author: Fischer, Quentin title: Case report of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 date: 2020-05-19 words: 1642.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318312-v1c3qm7h.txt summary: CASE SUMMARY: A patient with COVID-19 was hospitalized in our institution for a diabetic foot ulcer and presented afterwards a pulmonary oedema and concomitant anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. DISCUSSION: Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams. 4 Specifically, the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in Learning points • Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) screening by naso-pharyngeal swab was not systematically performed at admission and should not delay emergent cardiological care in ST-elevation myocardial infarction or high-risk non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In this case report, the occurrence of an acute respiratory distress in a patient with infected diabetic foot ulcer, led to the simultaneous diagnosis of COVID-19 and high-risk ACS. Emergent PCI for ACS is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease appeared in China in December 2019 and, since then, has spread worldwide at a rapid pace. CASE SUMMARY: A patient with COVID-19 was hospitalized in our institution for a diabetic foot ulcer and presented afterwards a pulmonary oedema and concomitant anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We report here on the initial presentation, coronary care and intervention, and clinical course of this patient. DISCUSSION: Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089044/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa131 id: cord-288307-6dlw2klz author: Fisher, Bryant title: The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient date: 2020-05-12 words: 754.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288307-6dlw2klz.txt summary: title: The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID‐19 era as well as the importance of clinical suspicion, early isolation practices for those presumed positive, and repeat testing, given the marginal sensitivity of available COVID‐19 RT‐PCR. In this report, we describe the first documented case of a postNotably, through studies originating in China at the onset of this pandemic, the sensitivity of RT-PCR tests has been shown to be lacking. 3, 4 Given the reported sensitivity of RT-PCR for COVID-19, repeat testing in patients with high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection, and therefore high pre-test probability, is of paramount importance. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient abstract: While elective cardiac surgeries have been postponed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) transmission and to reduce resource utilization, patients with urgent indications necessitating surgery may still be at risk of contracting the disease throughout their postoperative recovery. We present a case of an 81‐year‐old female who underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting and was readmitted following discharge to a nursing facility with a cluster of COVID‐19 cases. Despite symptomatology and imaging concerning for COVID‐19, two initial reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) tests were negative but a third test was positive. This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID‐19 era as well as the importance of clinical suspicion, early isolation practices for those presumed positive, and repeat testing, given the marginal sensitivity of available COVID‐19 RT‐PCR. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32400044/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14604 id: cord-339830-7om9ajev author: Fisher, Edwin B title: COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field date: 2020-06-22 words: 1618.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339830-7om9ajev.txt summary: in this issue [13] , reports on a set of versatile telephone peer support services for police-Cop2Cop, veterans-Vet2Vet, child protection workers-Worker2Worker, caregivers of those with dementia-Care2Caregivers, and mothers of children with special needs-Mom2Mom. As it was going to press, we had the opportunity (April 24, 2020) to talk about the impacts of COVID-19 with peer support workers from three of these, Mom2Mom, Worker2Worker, and Cop2Cop. Here, we present key points that emerged. Especially among police, peer support workers described their callers getting through this difficult period by trying to "keep doing their business … keeping their minds busy" and "trying not to think about COVID-19 too much." Experience with first responders in 9/11, however, presages increased emotional distress approximately 6 months after the end of the acute pandemic. Peer support workers noted it is both important but also difficult to help people focus on the immediate priority of their families'' health rather than being too concerned about productivity, school progression, or behavioral or psychological progression. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569372/ doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa056 id: cord-289684-rvbofsmb author: Fisher, Jennifer title: COVID-19 associated parotitis: A case report date: 2020-06-27 words: 1089.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289684-rvbofsmb.txt summary: We present a case report of a woman infected with COVID-19 and diagnosed with parotitis. The patient was prescribed a course of amoxicillin/clavulanate to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treat a possible concomitant bacterial parotitis and advised to apply warm compresses, massage the gland, use sialagogues to increase salivary flow and stay hydrated. Typically, viral parotitis is characterized by a prodrome of flu-like symptoms followed 2-4 days later by gradual swelling of the bilateral parotid glands, though unilateral involvement is seen in up to 25% of cases [6, 7] . Physical exam findings in suppurative parotitis include induration and tenderness of the parotid gland and purulent discharge from the duct orifice with massaging the gland [6, 7] . While we believe this was a viral-induced parotitis, given the unilateral presentation we treated her for possible bacterial co-infection. At the time we evaluated this patient there were no reports of COVID-19 associated parotitis. abstract: As the 2019 coronavirus pandemic has unfolded, an increasing number of atypical presentations of COVID-19 have been reported. As patients with COVID-19 often present to emergency departments for initial care, it is important that emergency clinicians are familiar with these atypical presentations in order to prevent disease transmission. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman diagnosed in our ED with COVID-19 associated parotitis and review the epidemiology and management of parotitis. We discuss the importance of considering COVID-19 in the differential of parotitis and other viral-associated syndromes and emphasize the importance of donning personal protective equipment during the initial evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32631770/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.059 id: cord-289763-jek2pd31 author: Fisher, Kimberly A. title: Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults date: 2020-09-04 words: 4704.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289763-jek2pd31.txt summary: Data on participant characteristics were provided by NORC and included age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, household size, marital status, employment status, geographic location, urban or rural location (addresses within a metropolitan statistical area were categorized as urban), receipt of influenza vaccination in the prior year, and self-rated overall health status. After adjustment for differences in participant characteristics ( Table 3) , factors that were independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (response of "no" or "not sure") include younger age (<60 years), Black race, educational attainment of less than a college degree, and not receiving an influenza vaccine in the prior year. We found several independent predictors of being hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19; the strongest were lower educational attainment, Black race, not having had a recent influenza vaccination, and perceived personal risk for coronavirus, consistent with the findings of a national survey conducted by RTI (20) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly instigated a global pandemic. Vaccine development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace. Once available, it will be important to maximize vaccine uptake and coverage. OBJECTIVE: To assess intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among a representative sample of adults in the United States and identify predictors of and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, fielded from 16 through 20 April 2020. SETTING: Representative sample of adults residing in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 1000 adults drawn from the AmeriSpeak probability-based research panel, covering approximately 97% of the U.S. household population. MEASUREMENTS: Intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was measured with the question, “When a vaccine for the coronavirus becomes available, will you get vaccinated?” Response options were “yes,” “no,” and “not sure.” Participants who responded “no” or “not sure” were asked to provide a reason. RESULTS: A total of 991 AmeriSpeak panel members responded. Overall, 57.6% of participants (n = 571) intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% (n = 313) were not sure, and 10.8% (n = 107) did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors independently associated with vaccine hesitancy (a response of “no” or “not sure”) included younger age, Black race, lower educational attainment, and not having received the influenza vaccine in the prior year. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included vaccine-specific concerns, a need for more information, antivaccine attitudes or beliefs, and a lack of trust. LIMITATIONS: Participants' intent to be vaccinated was explored before a vaccine was available and when the pandemic was affecting a narrower swath of the United States. Questions about specific information or factors that might increase vaccination acceptance were not included. The survey response rate was 16.1%. CONCLUSION: This national survey, conducted during the coronavirus pandemic, revealed that approximately 3 in 10 adults were not sure they would accept vaccination and 1 in 10 did not intend to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Targeted and multipronged efforts will be needed to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886525/ doi: 10.7326/m20-3569 id: cord-333042-icgsbelo author: Fisher, Kiva A. title: Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults ≥18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities — United States, July 2020 date: 2020-09-11 words: 3405.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333042-icgsbelo.txt summary: Restricting the analysis to participants without known close contact with a person with confirmed COVID-19, case-patients were more likely to report dining at a restaurant (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9-4.3) or going to a bar/coffee shop (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.1) than were control-participants. For each reported activity, participants were asked to quantify degree of adherence to recommendations such as wearing a face mask of any kind or social distancing among other persons at that location, with response options ranging from "none" to "almost all." Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed to compare case-patients with control-participants, assessing differences in demographic characteristics, community exposures, and close contact. In addition to dining at a restaurant, case-patients were more likely to report going to a bar/coffee shop, but only when the analysis was restricted to participants without close contact with persons with known COVID-19 before illness onset. abstract: Community and close contact exposures continue to drive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CDC and other public health authorities recommend community mitigation strategies to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1,2). Characterization of community exposures can be difficult to assess when widespread transmission is occurring, especially from asymptomatic persons within inherently interconnected communities. Potential exposures, such as close contact with a person with confirmed COVID-19, have primarily been assessed among COVID-19 cases, without a non-COVID-19 comparison group (3,4). To assess community and close contact exposures associated with COVID-19, exposures reported by case-patients (154) were compared with exposures reported by control-participants (160). Case-patients were symptomatic adults (persons aged ≥18 years) with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Control-participants were symptomatic outpatient adults from the same health care facilities who had negative SARS-CoV-2 test results. Close contact with a person with known COVID-19 was more commonly reported among case-patients (42%) than among control-participants (14%). Case-patients were more likely to have reported dining at a restaurant (any area designated by the restaurant, including indoor, patio, and outdoor seating) in the 2 weeks preceding illness onset than were control-participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.8). Restricting the analysis to participants without known close contact with a person with confirmed COVID-19, case-patients were more likely to report dining at a restaurant (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9-4.3) or going to a bar/coffee shop (aOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.1) than were control-participants. Exposures and activities where mask use and social distancing are difficult to maintain, including going to places that offer on-site eating or drinking, might be important risk factors for acquiring COVID-19. As communities reopen, efforts to reduce possible exposures at locations that offer on-site eating and drinking options should be considered to protect customers, employees, and communities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915165/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6936a5 id: cord-265278-wf5pbvvt author: Fishman, Jay A. title: Case 29-2020: A 66-Year-Old Man with Fever and Shortness of Breath after Liver Transplantation date: 2020-09-17 words: 5266.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265278-wf5pbvvt.txt summary: In transplant recipiAfter infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral replication ensues in the respiratory epithelium, followed by viremia and systemic spread to organs by means of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 receptor. 22 Graft rejection and toxic effects from calcineurin inhibitors may be difficult to distinguish from The varied presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection reflects diversity in host immune responses, notably in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Although the use of antiinflammatory drugs (e.g., high-dose glucocorticoids or interleukin-6 receptor antagonists) in solid-organ transplant recipients may have the additional benefit of protecting against rejection among patients who are receiving tapering courses of the immunosuppressive agents, especially when calcineurin inhibitors are discontinued because of severe disease, their efficacy in the context of solidorgan transplantation warrants testing in clinical trials. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32937051/ doi: 10.1056/nejmcpc2004982 id: cord-286110-alix1s1w author: Fitzgerald, Dominic A. title: COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on children, families and the future date: 2020-06-27 words: 1681.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286110-alix1s1w.txt summary: In this issue of Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, we present a series of papers dedicated to examining the impact of COVID-19 on the health and wellbeing of children and families, both now and into the near future. In the first of two papers on modelling, McBryde and colleagues highlight the importance of tracking the impact of distancing and movement policies and behaviour changes in people which is critical in evaluating early decisions made in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic [5] . The papers are consistent in highlighting the lessons learnt including a lack of preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic despite recent experience on a smaller scale with SARS and MERS, a lack of action at decisive moments and the worrying partisan relationships between the WHO and high income countries which have undermined its ability to respond to such health crises and unite the world in its response. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.017 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.017 id: cord-296522-ljovvgey author: Fitzpatrick, Kevin M. title: Facing New Fears During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The State of America’s Mental Health date: 2020-08-13 words: 5610.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296522-ljovvgey.txt summary: The current study examines the intersection of COVID-19 fear, worries and perceived threat with social group vulnerabilities and mental health consequences, namely anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Specifically, we examine the distribution of fear, worry, and perceived threat across geographic space, between different social groups, and their relationships to mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptomatology). Are their significant differences in these perceptions J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and are they mostly determined by social vulnerability (i.e. low-income, unmarried, racial/ethnic minorities, etc.)?; and 3) Does fear, threat and worry about COVID-19 directly impact specific mental health outcomes (i.e. depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety) even after controlling for specific vulnerabilities? Finally, third, we explore how subjective assessments of fear, worry, and threat about COVID-19 correlate with specific mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety. abstract: Abstract Objective COVID-19 is rearranging our society with fear and worry about the novel coronavirus impacting the mental health of Americans. The current study examines the intersection of COVID-19 fear, worries and perceived threat with social group vulnerabilities and mental health consequences, namely anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Methods Using an online platform, a national sample (n = 10, 368) of U.S. adults was surveyed during the week of March 23, 2020. The sample was post-strata weighted to ensure adequate representation of the U.S. population based on population estimates for gender, race/ethnicity, income, age, and geography. Results Fear and worry are not distributed equally across the country; rather they are concentrated in places where the largest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is found. Additionally, data highlight significant differences in the subjective perception of distress across groups with varying social vulnerabilities. Women, Hispanics, Asians, families with children under 18, and foreign-born respondents reported higher levels of subjective fear and worry compared to their counterparts. Finally, even after controlling for social vulnerability, subjective assessments of distress were positive, and significantly related to anxiety and depressive symptomatology; prior mental health research from China and Europe confirm what others have begun to document in the United States. Conclusions This preliminary work provides practitioners with a glimpse of what lies ahead, which individuals and communities may be the most vulnerable, and what types of strategic interventions might help to address a wide range of mental health consequences for Americans in the months and years ahead. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102291 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102291 id: cord-274563-jimw6skv author: Fiumara, Agata title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak and its Psychological Impact on Patients with Rare Lysosomal Diseases date: 2020-08-22 words: 3524.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274563-jimw6skv.txt summary: During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic lockdown, patients with LSDs on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) missed their scheduled access to the Day Hospital to get their treatment. Methods: Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured telephone interview with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the pandemic outbreak was changing their behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and future expectations. Moreover, a striking similarity emerged between the groups regarding forced home reclusion and the profound feeling to be excluded by normal life, well-known to those affected by a chronic rare disease. Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured interview [3, 4] with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the COVID-19 pandemic was changing our patients'' behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and their future expectations. abstract: Background: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are rare, chronic, progressive multisystem diseases implying severe medical issues and psychological burden. Some of these disorders are susceptible to a treatment, which is administered weekly or every other week, in a hospital. During the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic lockdown, patients with LSDs on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) missed their scheduled access to the Day Hospital to get their treatment. Methods: Based on the feeling that our patients were experiencing profound distress, we designed a structured telephone interview with the aim to evaluate how, and to which extent, the pandemic outbreak was changing their behavior and feelings about their chronic disease, the impact on therapies, and future expectations. The same interview was administered to an age-matched control group. Results: All interviewed people experienced an increase of anxiety, worries, and uncertainty fostered by incessant media updates. Moreover, a striking similarity emerged between the groups regarding forced home reclusion and the profound feeling to be excluded by normal life, well-known to those affected by a chronic rare disease. Conclusions: Although no statistically significant difference was found compared to controls, we felt that the reactions were qualitatively different, underlining the fragility and isolation of such patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092716 doi: 10.3390/jcm9092716 id: cord-289046-frhpt8n9 author: Fix, Oren K. title: Telemedicine and Telehepatology During the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: 1474.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289046-frhpt8n9.txt summary: The Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act (H.R. 6074) was signed into law on March 6, 2020, and provides a temporary waiver of many of the CMS restrictions and requirements regarding telemedicine services during the COVID-19 public health emergency. When these barriers to telemedicine were removed, providers, hospitals, and health systems rapidly embraced telemedicine or scaled up existing programs to meet the sudden demand for remote, synchronous patient care. Some patients with new physical symptoms or recent hepatic decompensation are best evaluated in person but may avoid seeking medical care due to social distancing policies or concerns about exposure to COVID-19 in the health care setting. For established patients with decompensated liver disease, review telemedicine can offer rapid evaluation and avoid the need for an in-person appointment when, for example, adjusting diuretics or medications for hepatic encephalopathy. As we look to a future beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, we have an opportunity to consider telemedicine''s place in the routine delivery of patient care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537134/ doi: 10.1002/cld.971 id: cord-307284-w693a2rm author: Flament, H. title: Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection linked to MAIT cell activation and cytotoxicity: evidence for an IL-18 dependent mechanism date: 2020-09-02 words: 5365.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307284-w693a2rm.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185082 doi: medRxiv preprint Introduction: 65 The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent 83 and chronic viral infections, MAIT cell blood frequency is reduced while expression of HLA-DR, 84 PD-1, CD38 and CD69 is upregulated 18-20, [22] [23] [24] . 98 We first began our study of immune cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection by analyzing the frequency 99 and phenotype of lymphocytes in blood samples from COVID-19 patients as well as (age-100 matched BMI-matched) non-infected donors (Fig. 1a) . Blood MAIT cells also displayed a significant increase of the NK cell-associated 129 activation CD56 + marker compared to controls, that was highest in ICU patients (Fig. 2a) . 179 Taken together, these data suggest that inflammatory processes in SARS-CoV-2-infected 180 patients involve concomitant activation of MAIT cells with other innate-immune cells 181 associated with loss of these populations'' frequencies in blood. abstract: Immune system dysfunction is paramount in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and fatality rate. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells involved in mucosal immunity and protection against viral infections. Here, we studied the immune cell landscape, with emphasis on MAIT cells, in a cohort of 182 patients including patients at various stages of disease activity. A profound decrease of MAIT cell counts in blood of critically ill patients was observed. These cells showed a strongly activated and cytotoxic phenotype that positively correlated with circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-18. MAIT cell alterations markedly correlated with disease severity and patient mortality. SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages activated MAIT cells in a cytokine-dependent manner involving an IFN-dependent early phase and an IL-18-induced later phase. Therefore, altered MAIT cell phenotypes represent valuable biomarkers of disease severity and their therapeutic manipulation might prevent the inflammatory phase involved in COVID-19 aggravation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185082 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185082 id: cord-264814-v4wnmg03 author: Flanagan, Katie L. title: Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines date: 2020-10-02 words: 15130.0 sentences: 700.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264814-v4wnmg03.txt summary: Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. Comprehensive safety studies are particularly critical because some candidate vaccines use platform technologies that have not been examined extensively in human subjects to date, including some of the viral vectors, mRNA and nanoparticle constructs, and because of the potential for enhanced disease and adverse events related to aberrant immune responses to be seen upon infection pre-and post-licensure. abstract: There are currently around 200 SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials throughout the world. The various candidates employ a range of vaccine strategies including some novel approaches. Currently, the goal is to prove that they are safe and immunogenic in humans (phase 1/2 studies) with several now advancing into phase 2 and 3 trials to demonstrate efficacy and gather comprehensive data on safety. It is highly likely that many vaccines will be shown to stimulate antibody and T cell responses in healthy individuals and have an acceptable safety profile, but the key will be to confirm that they protect against COVID-19. There is much hope that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be rolled out to the entire world to contain the pandemic and avert its most damaging impacts. However, in all likelihood this will initially require a targeted approach toward key vulnerable groups. Collaborative efforts are underway to ensure manufacturing can occur at the unprecedented scale and speed required to immunize billions of people. Ensuring deployment also occurs equitably across the globe will be critical. Careful evaluation and ongoing surveillance for safety will be required to address theoretical concerns regarding immune enhancement seen in previous contexts. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the immune response to this novel virus as it pertains to the design of effective and safe SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the range of novel and established approaches to vaccine development being taken. We provide details of some of the frontrunner vaccines and discuss potential issues including adverse effects, scale-up and delivery. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579250 id: cord-305297-ync3dhyz author: Flanders, W. Dana title: The Association of Voter Turnout with County-level COVID-19 Occurrence Early in the Pandemic date: 2020-07-01 words: 4356.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305297-ync3dhyz.txt summary: We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 incidence, adjusted for county-level population density and proportions: over age 65 years, female, Black, with college education, with high school education, poor, obese, and smokers. Statistical Analyses: To estimate the association between voter turnout on March 10 and countylevel COVID-19 infection risk, we considered the time period during which excess cases, if any, would be expected to occur. Alternative outcomes: We reasoned that if the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 occurrence in the post-vote period was attributable to uncontrolled confounding, then that association should persist even if we redefined the outcome as cases occurring in risk periods (e.g. in early April) that did not overlap substantially with the time interval of interest (the incubation period plus some allowance for testing and reporting). abstract: PURPOSE The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely impacted both health and the economy. Absent an effective vaccine, preventive measures used, some of which are being relaxed, have included school closures, restriction of movement, and banning of large gatherings. Our goal was to estimate the association of voter turnout with county-level COVID-19 risks. METHODS We used publicly available data on voter turnout in the March 10 primary in three states, COVID-19 confirmed cases by day and county, and county-level census data. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the association of voter turnout with COVID-19 incidence, adjusted for county-level population density and proportions: over age 65 years, female, Black, with college education, with high school education, poor, obese, and smokers. RESULTS COVID-19 risk was associated with voter turnout, most strongly in Michigan during the week starting 3 days postelection (risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.33). For longer periods, the association was progressively weaker (risk ratio 0.98-1.03). CONCLUSIONS Despite increased absentee-ballot voting in the primary, our results suggest an association of voter turnout in at least one state with a detectable increase in risks associated with and perhaps due to greater exposures related to the primary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32951804/ doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.011 id: cord-309273-gtvi37gh author: Flesia, Luca title: Predicting Perceived Stress Related to the Covid-19 Outbreak through Stable Psychological Traits and Machine Learning Models date: 2020-10-19 words: 7901.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309273-gtvi37gh.txt summary: Finally, with the goal of anticipating persons in need of treatment and improving the targeting and overall effectiveness of preventive programs, we aimed at developing machine learning models to predict individual psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on sociodemographic and psychological variables with maximal sensitivity in classifying subjects with high versus low levels of perceived stress. To better understand the role of stable psychological traits in predicting the level of perceived stress (PSS-10 score), a second multiple linear regression was run, adding to the previous model the scores of the five coping styles measured by the COPE-NVI-25 (COPE positive, COPE problem, COPE avoidance, COPE religion and COPE support), the BSCS total score, the internal LOC score, and the scores for the five personality traits measured by the BFI-10 (BFI-10 agreeableness, BFI-10 conscientiousness, BFI-10 emotional stability, BFI-10 extraversion and BFI-10 openness). abstract: The global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and subsequent lockdown had a significant impact on people’s daily lives, with strong implications for stress levels due to the threat of contagion and restrictions to freedom. Given the link between high stress levels and adverse physical and mental consequences, the COVID-19 pandemic is certainly a global public health issue. In the present study, we assessed the effect of the pandemic on stress levels in N = 2053 Italian adults, and characterized more vulnerable individuals on the basis of sociodemographic features and stable psychological traits. A set of 18 psycho-social variables, generalized regressions, and predictive machine learning approaches were leveraged. We identified higher levels of perceived stress in the study sample relative to Italian normative values. Higher levels of distress were found in women, participants with lower income, and participants living with others. Higher rates of emotional stability and self-control, as well as a positive coping style and internal locus of control, emerged as protective factors. Predictive learning models identified participants with high perceived stress, with a sensitivity greater than 76%. The results suggest a characterization of people who are more vulnerable to experiencing high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This characterization may contribute to early and targeted intervention strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103350 doi: 10.3390/jcm9103350 id: cord-351735-x1lng449 author: Flikweert, Antine W. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series date: 2020-07-08 words: 2682.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351735-x1lng449.txt summary: authors: Flikweert, Antine W.; Grootenboers, Marco J.J.H.; Yick, David C.Y.; du Mée, Arthur W.F.; van der Meer, Nardo J.M.; Rettig, Thijs C.D.; Kant, Merijn K.M. title: Late histopathologic characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Different phenotypes without evidence of invasive aspergillosis, a case series CONCLUSIONS: In this case series common late histopathology in critically ill COVID patients is not classic DAD but heterogeneous with predominant pattern of organizing pneumonia. All patients with laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) admitted to the ICU due to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure between 22 March 2020 and 30 April 2020 and with available postmortem needle core biopsy of the lung were eligible for inclusion in this case series. Recently, a case definition for influenza associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) was proposed by an expert panel, which could be used to classify patients with CAPA. abstract: PURPOSE: Pathological data of critical ill COVID-19 patients is essential in the search for optimal treatment options. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed postmortem needle core lung biopsies in seven patients with COVID-19 related ARDS. Clinical, radiological and microbiological characteristics are reported together with histopathological findings. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients age ranged from 58 to 83 years, five males and two females were included. Time from hospital admission to death ranged from 12 to 36 days, with a mean of 20 ventilated days. ICU stay was complicated by pulmonary embolism in five patients and positive galactomannan on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in six patients, suggesting COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Chest CT in all patients showed ground glass opacities, commonly progressing to nondependent consolidations. We observed four distinct histopathological patterns: acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, fibrosis and, in four out of seven patients an organizing pneumonia. None of the biopsy specimens showed any signs of invasive aspergillosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series common late histopathology in critically ill COVID patients is not classic DAD but heterogeneous with predominant pattern of organizing pneumonia. Postmortem biopsy investigations in critically COVID-19 patients with probable COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis obtained no evidence for invasive aspergillosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120306031?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.002 id: cord-289854-p8okfa4b author: Flores, Gabriel title: Spontaneous Brainstem Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Setting of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 – A Case Report date: 2020-10-05 words: 1422.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289854-p8okfa4b.txt summary: In this report, we outline the clinical presentation of a 40-year-old male who developed severe coughing and sneezing before presenting to the emergency department with confusion, somnolence, and respiratory distress. On hospital day four, his neurological examination deteriorated to quadriparesis and only cough and gag reflexes remaining intact after which his family opted for comfort measures only. Since initial reports in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Our patient is a 40-year-old male with past medical history of obesity, hypertension, and type two diabetes mellitus who developed severe coughing and sneezing before presenting to the emergency department with confusion, somnolence, and respiratory distress. Severe cough was reported to cause cerebral hemorrhage in patients with whooping cough as early as 1885 [8] . Increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage adds to the complexity of management of patients with COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has become a global pandemic. This disease has been shown to affect various organ systems, including the cerebrovascular system with sequelae still not completely uncovered. We present an unusual case of extensive brainstem intraparenchymal hemorrhage in a patient with COVID-19 to caution readers of this possible complication in patients positive for COVID-19. In this report, we outline the clinical presentation of a 40-year-old male who developed severe coughing and sneezing before presenting to the emergency department with confusion, somnolence, and respiratory distress. CT head without contrast revealed extensive pontine and midbrain hemorrhage with intraventricular extension and early hydrocephalus. Neurological examination revealed pinpoint, minimally reactive pupils, withdrawal to painful stimuli in the right hemibody, left hemibody paresis, and intact left corneal, cough, and gag reflexes. MRI and MRA brain revealed no evidence of an underlying vascular lesion. Over the next two days, the patient had worsening multiorgan failure and hypoxemia without intracranial hypertension. He remained too unstable to undergo cerebral angiogram. On hospital day four, his neurological examination deteriorated to quadriparesis and only cough and gag reflexes remaining intact after which his family opted for comfort measures only. In summary, a potential increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage adds to the complexity of management of patients with COVID-19. This is especially true in those who have violent sneezing or coughing, or those who are on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10809 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10809 id: cord-338279-so0hpph4 author: Flores, Stefan title: “Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic” date: 2020-08-04 words: 872.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338279-so0hpph4.txt summary: title: "Novel Use of Telepalliative Care in a NYC Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic" More specifically, COVID-19 has changed the way we approach patient and family member interactions. In order to meet the needs of COVID patients, services 11 such as Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care have responded rapidly by adopting 12 novel ways of practicing medicine. In order to meet the needs of COVID patients, services 11 such as Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care have responded rapidly by adopting 12 novel ways of practicing medicine. We describe the use of telepalliative medicine (TM) 13 implemented in an Emergency Department (ED) setting to allow family members the 14 ability to interact with their loved ones during critical illness, and even during end of life. We describe the use of telepalliative medicine (TM) 13 implemented in an Emergency Department (ED) setting to allow family members the 14 ability to interact with their loved ones during critical illness, and even during end of life. abstract: Abstract Coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. As of April 24th, mortality from COVID-19 has reached almost 200,000 people, with the United States (US) leading the globe in levels of morbidity and mortality. Large volumes of high acuity patients, particularly those of advanced age and with chronic co-morbidities, have significantly increased the need for palliative care resources beyond usual capacity. More specifically, COVID-19 has changed the way we approach patient and family member interactions. Concern for nosocomial spread of this infection has resulted in strict visitation restrictions that have left many patients to face this illness, make difficult decisions, and even die, alone in the hospital. In order to meet the needs of COVID patients, services such as Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care have responded rapidly by adopting novel ways of practicing medicine. We describe the use of telepalliative medicine (TM) implemented in an Emergency Department (ED) setting to allow family members the ability to interact with their loved ones during critical illness, and even during end of life. Use of this technology has helped facilitate goals of care discussions, in addition to providing contact and closure for both patients and their loved ones. We describe our rapid and ongoing implementation of TM consultation for our ED patients and discuss lessons learned and recommendations for others considering similar care models. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0736467920308507 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.08.008 id: cord-256746-ggnd8y06 author: Flythe, Jennifer E. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States date: 2020-09-19 words: 4368.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256746-ggnd8y06.txt summary: PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. In this study of over 4,200 critically ill adult patients admitted to 68 U.S. ICUs with COVID-19, we found that having pre-existing kidney disease was associated with higher inhospital mortality rates, with the strength of this association varying by degree of baseline kidney dysfunction. Association between pre-existing kidney disease and 14-day in-hospital outcomes among critically ill COVID-19 patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Supplemental Table S8 . abstract: RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Underlying kidney disease is an emerging risk factor for more severe COVID-19 illness. We examined the clinical courses of critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without pre-existing kidney disease and investigated the association between degree of underlying kidney disease and in-hospital outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS: 4,264 critically ill COVID-19 patients (143 dialysis patients, 521 chronic kidney disease [CKD] patients, and 3,600 patients without CKD) admitted to ICUs at 68 hospitals in the United States. PREDICTOR(S): Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. RESULTS: Dialysis patients had a shorter time from symptom onset to ICU admission compared to other groups (median [quartile 1-quartile 3] days: 4 [2-9] for dialysis patients; 7 [3-10] for CKD patients; 7 [4-10] for patients without pre-existing kidney disease). More dialysis patients (25%) reported altered mental status than those with CKD (20%, standardized difference = 0.12) and no kidney disease (12%, standardized difference = 0.36). Half of dialysis and CKD patients died within 28-days of ICU admission versus 35% of patients without pre-existing kidney disease. Compared to patients without pre-existing kidney disease, dialysis patients had a higher risk of 28-day in-hospital death (adjusted HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.09, 1.81), while patients with CKD had an intermediate risk (adjusted HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.08, 1.44). LIMITATIONS: Potential residual confounding CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the high mortality of individuals with underlying kidney disease and severe COVID-19, underscoring the importance of identifying safe and effective COVID-19 therapies for this vulnerable population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272638620309999?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003 id: cord-319013-oytqcifa author: Focosi, Daniele title: Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19: State of the Art date: 2020-08-12 words: 7474.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319013-oytqcifa.txt summary: In the first retrospective, randomized controlled trial published to date, 39 patients in New York with severe COVID-19 were transfused with 2 units of ABO-type matched CP with anti-Spike antibody titers of Ն1:320 (measured by a two-step Spike proteindirected ELISA). CP (9 to 13 ml/kg from donors with S-RBD IgG titer of Ն1:640) was associated with a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at 72 h in 87.2% of the CP group versus 37.5% of the BSC group, but clinical improvement at 28 days was statistically different only in patients with severe, but not in life-threatening, disease (104) . Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19 abstract: Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy has been used since the early 1900s to treat emerging infectious diseases; its efficacy was later associated with the evidence that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies can reduce the duration of viremia. Recent large outbreaks of viral diseases for which effective antivirals or vaccines are still lacking has renewed the interest in CP as a life-saving treatment. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the scaling up of CP therapy to unprecedented levels. Compared with historical usage, pathogen reduction technologies have now added an extra layer of safety to the use of CP, and new manufacturing approaches are being explored. This review summarizes historical settings of application, with a focus on betacoronaviruses, and surveys current approaches for donor selection and CP collection, pooling technologies, pathogen inactivation systems, and banking of CP. We additionally list the ongoing registered clinical trials for CP throughout the world and discuss the trial results published thus far. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32792417/ doi: 10.1128/cmr.00072-20 id: cord-291018-5j4nt2qs author: Foddai, Alessandro title: Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health date: 2020-03-27 words: 972.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291018-5j4nt2qs.txt summary: title: Surveillance to improve evidence for community control decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic – Opening the animal epidemic toolbox for public health This editorial discusses the possibilities of practicing One Health, by using methods from animal health to enhance surveillance for COVID-19 to provide an evidence base fort decision-making in communities and countries. However, once the infection becomes established and individual clusters are no longer traced, the usefulness of syndromic or risk-based surveillance data to guide control decisions at community level is reduced, because the cases identified are not representative of the infected individuals in the population. We strongly encourage the use of robust science for decision-making to ensure evidence-based decisions and to minimise the impacts of the epidemic, and suggest that randomized surveys that generate representative community estimates could provide additional support for policy decisions, in addition to the current surveillance strategies. Base protocol for real time active random surveillance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) -adapting veterinary methodology to public health. abstract: During the first few months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has reached Europe. Health systems all over the world are trying to control the outbreak in the shortest possible time. Exotic disease outbreaks are not uncommon in animal health and randomised surveillance is frequently used as support for decision-making. This editorial discusses the possibilities of practicing One Health, by using methods from animal health to enhance surveillance for COVID-19 to provide an evidence base fort decision-making in communities and countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142030046X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100130 id: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q author: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe title: Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-17 words: 1282.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt summary: In new guidelines published on June 5 th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. In new guidelines published on June 5 th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. Recent online surveys in 206,729 persons residing in nine low-and middle-income countries showed that 32.7%-99.7% of respondents used face masks with significantly differences across age groups and sexes. 2 The new recommendations state that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear masks in specific situations and settings where physical distancing cannot be achieved, as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. abstract: In new guidelines published on June 5(th) 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. Recent online surveys in 206,729 persons residing in nine low- and middle-income countries showed that 32.7%-99.7% of respondents used face masks with significantly differences across age groups and sexes. Targeted health promotion strategies and government support are required to increase mask use by the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.015 id: cord-325669-6kjlcakt author: Fogacci, Silvia title: Management of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders in patients infected with SARS CoV-2: pharmacological and clinical issues date: 2020-09-10 words: 3373.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325669-6kjlcakt.txt summary: The purpose of the current review is to highlight the safety of drug treatment for COVID -19 in pregnant women treated with anti-hypertensive medications. In accordance with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of CV diseases during pregnancy, 100-150 mg/day acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) should be recommended to pregnant women with a high or moderate risk to develop pre-eclampsia (class I; level of evidence A) [17] . In accordance with the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations [25] , methyldopa should only be prescribed in cases of severe hypertension during pregnancy, considering potential maternal and fetal side effects (class I; level of evidence A). In accordance with the latest ESC guidelines for the management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, drug-drug interactions should be considered before administering azithromycin in patients treated with LMWH [37] , despite possible beneficial effects by azithromycin in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 [48] . abstract: AIMS: Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world. It is known that among patients with hypertension, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 is associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with patients without these conditions. This correlation is of great importance in pregnant women affected by COVID-19, since it usually leads to the development of a serious clinical complication. In particular, managing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy can be problematic because antihypertensive medications may interact pharmacologically with drugs used to treat COVID-19. This review focuses on the safety of drug treatment for COVID-19 in pregnant women treated with antihypertensive medication. METHODS AND RESULTS: Several databases were searched to identify relevant literature. A few antihypertensive drugs and antithrombotic treatments are known for having a beneficial effect in the management of hypertension and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In this review, we focus on the expected drug–drug interactions with the experimental agents most often used to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The current indications for the management of hypertension-related disorders in pregnancy maintain their validity, while the risk of pharmacological interaction with the currently tested anti-SARS-CoV-2 medications is relatively low. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa105 doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa105 id: cord-263055-4f25h9l4 author: Fogarty, Helen title: More on COVID‐19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients date: 2020-05-25 words: 1191.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263055-4f25h9l4.txt summary: We are grateful for the comments of Marrietta et al, [1] and welcome the opportunity to provide further details on the coagulopathy observed in our patients with COVID-19 infection [2]. The weight-adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) thromboprophylaxis used in the study is that routinely used for hospital in-patients in our institution, consistent with national recommendations [3,4] With respect to the cohort of patients with COVID-19 enrolled in our study, it is important to highlight that 74% of patients received enoxaparin 40mg (4000 IU) subcutaneously once daily. This hypothesis is supported by emerging data suggesting that the incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be >30%, even in patients receiving LMWH thromboprophylaxis. From the literature, it is clear that other centres have already elected to institute increased LMWH doses for selected patients with severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: We are grateful for the comments of Marrietta et al, [1] and welcome the opportunity to provide further details on the coagulopathy observed in our patients with COVID-19 infection [2]. The weight-adjusted low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) thromboprophylaxis used in the study is that routinely used for hospital in-patients in our institution, consistent with national recommendations [3,4] With respect to the cohort of patients with COVID-19 enrolled in our study, it is important to highlight that 74% of patients received enoxaparin 40mg (4000 IU) subcutaneously once daily. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32400024/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16791 id: cord-303731-yrlzxtbw author: Fong, Raymond title: Management of Dysphagia in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Experiences date: 2020-08-18 words: 2901.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303731-yrlzxtbw.txt summary: The global 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating effects not only on healthcare systems worldwide but also on different aspects of the care provided to nursing home residents. This article has summarised the actions taken in this regard and may serve as a reference to clinicians who are responsible for swallowing assessments and dysphagia management in nursing homes. Residents who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 were assessed after discharged to the nursing home as patients with COVID-19 were considered at high risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia [18] , especially those who have been previously intubated [19] . Therefore, standard and at-risk residents should be considered differently with respect to dysphagia assessments and management and personal protective equipment usage. Consequently, a surge in the use of telepractice for dysphagia management in nursing home settings was not observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The global 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating effects not only on healthcare systems worldwide but also on different aspects of the care provided to nursing home residents. Dysphagia management is a crucial component of the care provided to many nursing home residents. This article presents the dysphagia management strategies applied in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic and the related experiences. A two-tier protection system was implemented wherein residents were categorised according to their contact and hospitalisation histories. The provided swallowing management and personal protective equipment level differed between the two tiers. The article also discusses the referral and prioritisation of clinical services for residents requiring swallowing management, as well as the adaptations of swallowing assessment and management during the pandemic. The possible effects of COVID-19 on mealtime arrangements in nursing homes, the implications of the pandemic on the use of personal protective equipment and the use of telepractice in nursing homes were also discussed. This article has summarised the actions taken in this regard and may serve as a reference to clinicians who are responsible for swallowing assessments and dysphagia management in nursing homes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838197/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00464-0 id: cord-288092-x3fdxnbr author: Fonseca, Mario title: Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-08-11 words: 1689.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288092-x3fdxnbr.txt summary: title: Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia Exacerbations with rapid progression resulting in increased dyspnea, increased oxygen supplementation requirements, and respiratory failure have been described in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other types of ILDs 3 . Recent concerns have been raised by the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ILD, mainly because of its propensity to cause severe lung injury in older individuals and in individuals with pre-existing lung disease. 5 Here, we present a case of a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) associated ILD (RA-ILD) recently hospitalized due to COVID-19. However, we do not know if coexistent connective tissue disorders like rheumatoid arthritis result in worse prognosis, especially in COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization. Finally, it is intriguing to hypothesize that COVID-19 infection will lead in some cases to progressive fibrosing lung disease. Patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis are at high risk for severe illness related to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002962920303694?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.017 id: cord-030600-0o7xafqz author: Fonseka, T title: The effects of COVID-19 on training within urology: Lessons learned in virtual learning, human factors, non-technical skills and reflective practice date: 2020-08-17 words: 3779.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030600-0o7xafqz.txt summary: The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. Furthermore, operating in the challenging environment of COVID-19 has also highlighted the impact of human factors (HF) and non-technical skills training, especially in reducing medical error. With the large-scale changes to operative and clinical practice, one may argue that managing patients within the COVID-19 pandemic can also present new and unforeseen training opportunities; for example, the ability to learn skills in crisis management, healthcare management and leadership skills. 5 Core surgical trainees will undoubtedly experience difficulties in gaining exposure to emergency and elective urology over the next few months due to reduced clinical activity and the redeployment of many to staff wards occupied mostly by patients with COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed training and recruitment in urology in unprecedented ways. As efforts are made to ensure trainees can continue to progress, lessons can be learned to improve training and urological practice even after the acute phase of the pandemic is over. Novel methods of education through virtual learning have burgeoned amidst the social distancing the pandemic has brought. The importance of training in human factors and non-technical skills has also been brought to the fore while operating under the constraints of personal protective equipment and working in new teams and unfamiliar environments. This paper critically appraises the available evidence of how urological training has been affected by COVID-19 and the lessons we have learned and continue to learn going forward. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not Applicable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7435206/ doi: 10.1177/2051415820950109 id: cord-256443-kejqbo1q author: Forbes, Nauzer title: Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey date: 2020-05-04 words: 1190.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256443-kejqbo1q.txt summary: title: Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey In response, institutions providing gastroenterology and endoscopy services have taken urgent action to protect patients and staff, but the uptake and extent of these practice changes in North America is unknown. We conducted a survey of gastroenterology and endoscopy practices to assess the response to the COVID-19 pandemic across the continent. institutional demographics, changes in endoscopy practice, changes in clinical practice, changes in training, peri-procedure screening for COVID-19, and changes in PPE practices. The majority of responding centers (63/73, 86%) are screening patients for COVID-19 upon arrival to endoscopy units through symptom and/or exposure assessments (Figure 1 ). American centers have implemented in response to the pandemic and -by reporting data on clinical, consultative and training practices -expands on recent information by our Italian colleagues 8 . GASTROENTEROLOGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY GUIDANCE ON ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016508520305928?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.071 id: cord-254796-wzb6qv7y author: Ford, James S. title: Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region date: 2020-06-09 words: 1642.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254796-wzb6qv7y.txt summary: title: Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) in a Low Prevalence Region Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk 4, 5 .In one study, in individuals who were asymptomatic at the time of confirmed COVID-19 infection, the median communicable period (defined as time from positive test to negative test) was 9.5 days (range 1-21 days), and approximately 21% of these patients went on to develop symptoms, suggesting that individuals may be infectious prior to the development of symptoms 5 . We included all ED patients who had a COVID-19 test ordered under the site''s asymptomatic screening protocol, either in the ED or within 24 hours of admission from the ED. In this study, we describe the testing of asymptomatic ED patients for COVID-19 in a low-prevalence region of the United States. abstract: The first cases of Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID‐19) were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019(1). The literature demonstrates geographical variation with regards to estimates of infection incidence, suggesting that COVID‐19 has been underdiagnosed in certain regions(2,3). The rate of asymptomatic infection has been estimated to be as high as 30.8%, which may help explain variation in incidence, particularly in regions with differing screening practices (3). Transmission of COVID‐19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk(4,5). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516467/ doi: 10.1111/acem.14044 id: cord-353876-pb4of7s9 author: Fortaleza, Carlos Magno Castelo Branco title: Evidence, rationality, and ignorance: Agnotological issues in COVID-19 science date: 2020-09-21 words: 3261.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353876-pb4of7s9.txt summary: Researchers, public health authorities, and healthcare workers should be equipped to identify such agnotological strategies, distinguish them from scientific fraud, and avoid drawing misleading inferences based on an irrational adherence to hypotheses and a lack of criticism of implausible results. It may surprise an orthodox practitioner of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to learn that, in accordance with a tradition that dates back to David Hume (1711-1776), Popper rejected induction, which refers to the notion that a series of observations and experiments (i.e., evidence) allows one to draw inferences about general scientific laws or generate "recommendations." Popper''s views can be summarized as follows: "there are several sources of knowledge, but science progresses blindly toward the truth rather by eliminating errors (by continuous criticism and empirical research) than from gathering cumulative evidences." Despite major ideological differences, some of the greatest 20 th century philosophers of science (Popper 2 , Kuhn 3 , Lakatos 4 , and Feyerabend 5 ) prioritized rationality over the accumulation of evidence. abstract: Two decades ago, Robert Proctor coined the term agnotology to refer to the study of ignorance that stems from scientific research. Amid the coronavirus disease pandemic, the world is witnessing the greatest natural experiment ever, and countries have adopted different response strategies. An evaluation of the effectiveness of different policies will play a valuable role in preparing for future public health emergencies. However, controversial issues such as the timing and pathways of viral emergence, the effectiveness of social distancing and lockdown strategies, and the use of antimalarial drugs as therapy have still not been fully resolved. This serves as a fertile breeding ground for agnotological strategies, whereby scientific studies are deliberately or unintentionally designed to create distractions or draw conclusions that are not supported by research findings. Researchers, public health authorities, and healthcare workers should be equipped to identify such agnotological strategies, distinguish them from scientific fraud, and avoid drawing misleading inferences based on an irrational adherence to hypotheses and a lack of criticism of implausible results. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0475-2020 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0475-2020 id: cord-336257-f6yglaz8 author: Forte, Giuseppe title: The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population date: 2020-06-10 words: 4354.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336257-f6yglaz8.txt summary: Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In both countries younger age, student status, female gender and direct contact with COVID-19 infection are associated with a greater psychological impact of the emergency, involving many psychopathological dimensions (e.g., anxiety, distress, sleep disturbance) [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 26] . One of the aims of the study was to analyse the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the different Italian territorial areas. Overall, the results highlighted high levels of anxiety, psychopathological symptoms and PTSD symptoms in Italian respondents during the first critical phase of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the Government measures taken to contain it. abstract: Background: Starting from the first months of 2020, worldwide population has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Many nations, including Italy, took extreme actions to reduce the diffusion of the virus, profoundly changing lifestyles. The Italians have been faced with both the fear of contracting the infection and the consequences of enforcing social distancing. This study was aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the psychopathological outcomes related to the first phase of this emergency. Methods: The study included 2291 respondents. An online survey collected information on socio-demographic variables, history of direct or indirect contact with COVID-19, and additional information concerning the COVID-19 emergency. Moreover, psychopathological symptoms such as anxiety, mood alterations and post-traumatic symptomatology were assessed. Results: The results revealed that respectively 31.38%, 37.19% and 27.72% of respondents reported levels of general psychopathological symptomatology, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms over the cut-off scores. Furthermore, a significant worsening of mood has emerged. Being a female or under the age of 50 years, having had direct contact with people infected by the COVID-19, and experiencing uncertainty about the risk of contagion represent risk factors for psychological distress. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to impact not only on physical health but also on psychological well-being. Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061802 doi: 10.3390/jcm9061802 id: cord-270399-yfko8mpc author: Foster, Allison title: It’s complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury date: 2020-10-15 words: 3390.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270399-yfko8mpc.txt summary: title: It''s complicated: A case report on a COVID-19-positive HIV patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury In this report, we discuss a unique case of an HIV-positive patient in New York City who presented with a 2-week history of worsening fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and myalgias and was found to have COVID-19 pneumonia and acute kidney injury. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute kidney injury, SARS-CoV-2 renal tropism, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on COVID-19 pneumonia are discussed. 20 Whether directly through involvement of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with ACE-2 receptor or indirectly from causing hypotension from an undetermined mechanism, this patient''s decline in renal function can be attributed to his acute infection with COVID-19. [24] [25] [26] Our patient''s exceptional clinical course despite having HIV lends to the idea that his HAART regimen as well as his azithromycin use prior to presentation may have decreased the total amount of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in both the renal parenchyma and pulmonary tissue resulting in a rapid recovery and subsequent hospital discharge. abstract: The SARS-Cov-2/COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has had a devastating impact on health systems around the world. While viral pneumonia remains the most common complication, reports are surfacing of cases with neurological, cardiac, and renal involvement. Even less is known about the implications in special high-risk populations. In this report, we discuss a unique case of an HIV-positive patient in New York City who presented with a 2-week history of worsening fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and myalgias and was found to have COVID-19 pneumonia and acute kidney injury. He was managed for severe uremic metabolic acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities with emergent hemodialysis and supportive therapy with subsequent improvement. Direct involvement of SARS-CoV-2 and pneumonia-induced rhabdomyolysis were identified as the precipitating factors of his acute kidney injury. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute kidney injury, SARS-CoV-2 renal tropism, and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on COVID-19 pneumonia are discussed. We highlight the importance of clinician awareness of this potentially fatal complication of COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly in the HIV-positive population as early recognition and management can have favorable outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20965423 doi: 10.1177/2050313x20965423 id: cord-335252-med3c01q author: Fovet, Thomas title: Prisons confinées: quelles conséquences pour les soins psychiatriques et la santé mentale des personnes détenues en France? date: 2020-05-08 words: 3647.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335252-med3c01q.txt summary: L''objectif de cet article est de décrire la réorganisation des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire en contexte de pandémie de Covid-19 et d''interroger les conséquences du confinement et des libérations anticipées sur la santé mentale des personnes détenues. L''objectif de cet article est de décrire la réorganisation des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire en contexte de pandémie de Covid-19 et d''interroger les conséquences du confinement et des libérations anticipées sur la santé mentale des personnes détenues. L''épidémie de Covid-19 semble avoir été plutôt contenue dans les prisons françaises au cours de la période de confinement mais le poids des mesures mises en place sur la population carcérale est important. L''épidémie de Covid-19 semble avoir été plutôt contenue dans les prisons françaises au cours de la période de confinement mais le poids des mesures mises en place sur la population carcérale est important. abstract: Résumé Objectif. En France, les mesures de confinement ont été accompagnées de dispositions spécifiques pour les prisons: suspension des activités, parloirs et interventions extérieures. Plus de dix mille personnes détenues ont en outre été libérées pour diminuer le taux d’occupation des établissements et limiter la propagation du virus. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire la réorganisation des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire en contexte de pandémie de Covid-19 et d’interroger les conséquences du confinement et des libérations anticipées sur la santé mentale des personnes détenues. Méthode. Ce travail s’appuie sur une enquête menée en avril 2020 auprès des soignants de 42 unités sanitaires en milieu pénitentiaire et des 9 unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées en France. Une synthèse de la littérature internationale sur la question des soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire durant l’épidémie de Covid-19 a également été réalisée. Résultats. L’épidémie de Covid-19 semble avoir été plutôt contenue dans les prisons françaises au cours de la période de confinement mais le poids des mesures mises en place sur la population carcérale est important. Les 3 niveaux de soins psychiatriques en milieu pénitentiaire ont instauré des mesures spécifiques pour assurer la continuité des soins, accompagner les personnes incarcérées et contenir l’épidémie. Parmi les plus importantes, on note la restriction des consultations, la création de « secteurs Covid », la déprogrammation des hospitalisations non urgentes, le renforcement des mesures d’hygiène et le remaniement des effectifs. Actuellement, les soignants sont principalement confrontés à des sevrages forcés, des symptomatologies anxieuses et des décompensations de troubles psychiatriques chroniques. Certaines libérations anticipées sont aussi très préoccupantes, pouvant entraîner des ruptures de soins, par manque de préparation des relais de prise en charge. Discussion. Les remaniements en lien avec le confinement donnent une visibilité accrue au fossé qui sépare la psychiatrie en milieu libre de la psychiatrie en milieu pénitentiaire. Il nous apparaît important de rappeler la vulnérabilité des personnes incarcérées qui doivent impérativement être considérées dans les politiques de santé publique. Abstract Objective. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the 11 million people currently incarcerated worldwide is the subject of many concerns. Prisons and jails are filled with people suffering from many preexisting medical conditions increasing the risk of complications. Detainees’ access to medical services is already limited and overcrowding poses a threat of massive contagion. Beyond the health impact of the crisis, the tightening of prison conditions worries. On March 16, 2020, in France, the lockdown measures have been accompanied by specific provisions for prisons: all facilities have suspended visitations, group activities and external interventions. Over 10 000 prisoners have been released to reduce the prison population and the risk of virus propagation. These adjustments had major consequences on the healthcare system in French prisons. The objectives of this article are to describe the reorganization of the three levels of psychiatric care for inmates in France in the context of Covid-19 pandemic and to have a look at the impact of lockdown measures and early releases on mental health of prisoners. Methods. This work is based on a survey conducted in April 2020 in France among psychiatric healthcare providers working in 42 ambulatory units for inmates and in the 9 full-time inpatient psychiatric wards exclusively for inmates called “UHSAs” (which stands for “unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées”, and can be translated as “specially equipped hospital units”). A review of the international literature on mental healthcare system for inmates during the Covid-19 epidemic has also been performed. Results. The Covid-19 epidemic has been rather contained during the period of confinement in French prisons but the impact of confinement measures on the prison population is significant. The three levels of psychiatric care for inmates have implemented specific measures to ensure continuity of care, to support detainees during Coronavirus lockdown and to prevent an infection’s spread. Among the most important are: limitation of medical consultations to serious and urgent cases, creation of “Covid units”, cancellation of voluntary psychiatric hospitalizations, reinforcement of preventive hygiene measures and reshuffling of medical staff. Prolonged confinement has consequences on mental health of detainees. Currently, mental health workers are facing multiple clinical situations such as forced drug and substance withdrawal (linked to difficulties in supplying psychoactive substances), symptoms of anxiety (due to concerns for their own and their relatives’ wellbeing) and decompensation among patients with severe psychiatric conditions. Early releases from prison may also raise some issues. People recently released from prison are identified as at high risk of death by suicide and drug overdose. The lack of time to provide the necessary link between health services within prisons and health structures outside, could have serious consequences, emphasizing the well-known “revolving prison doors” effect. Discussion. The current lockdown measures applied in French jails and prisons point out the disparities between psychiatric care for inmates and psychiatric care for general population. Giving the high vulnerability of prison population, public health authorities should pay more attention to health care in prisons. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700620300877?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.002 id: cord-254083-ea94wn3f author: Fowler, Alexander J. title: COVID-19 Phenotypes and Potential Harm of Conventional Treatments: How to Prove the Hypothesis date: 2020-08-15 words: 1731.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254083-ea94wn3f.txt summary: We appreciate the authors'' clinical observations and their expertise; however, we have several concerns with these two recommendations, which diverge from the best established evidence for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). For reference, patients enrolled in the PROSEVA (Prone Positioning in Severe ARDS) trial had a mean respiratory system compliance of 35 ml/cm H 2 O (SD, 15) at the time of enrollment (3). Evidence from randomized controlled trials suggests that prone positioning and low VT ventilation are the precise strategies for gentle ventilation that patients with ARDS, "typical" or not, should receive. Importantly, the authors suggest that recommended treatment strategies for severe COVID-19 pneumonia based on ARDS management (3) may lead to disease progression and excess harm (1, 2) . Second, we can use the DAG to determine a minimal adjustment set of variables to reliably estimate the direct effect of our exposure (ARDS ventilation strategy in COVID-19 L-phenotype patients) and outcome (ICU mortality). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579024/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1293le id: cord-326866-nbd4arhx author: Fox, Charles W. title: The representation of women as authors of submissions to ecology journals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-29 words: 1947.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326866-nbd4arhx.txt summary: At these six ecology journals there is no evidence of a decline in the proportion of submissions that are authored by women (as either first or submitting author) since the start of the COVID-19 disruptions; the proportion of papers authored by women in the post-COVID period of 2020 has increased relative to the same period in 2019, and is higher than in the period pre-COVID in 2020. At these six ecology journals there is no evidence of a decline in the proportion of submissions that are authored by women (as either first or submitting author) since the start of the COVID-19 disruptions; the proportion of papers authored by women in the post-COVID period of 2020 has increased relative to the same period in 2019, and is higher than in the period pre-COVID in 2020. abstract: Observations made from papers submitted to preprint servers, and the speculation of editors on social media platforms, suggest that women are submitting fewer papers to scholarly journals than are men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here I examine whether submissions by men and women to six ecology journals (all published by the British Ecological Society) have changed since the start of COVID disruptions. At these six ecology journals there is no evidence of a decline in the proportion of submissions that are authored by women (as either first or submitting author) since the start of the COVID-19 disruptions; the proportion of papers authored by women in the post-COVID period of 2020 has increased relative to the same period in 2019, and is higher than in the period pre-COVID in 2020. There is also no evidence of a change in the geographic pattern of submissions from across the globe. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.123455 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.29.123455 id: cord-296353-snzdjan9 author: Fox, Nathan S. title: COVID-19 in Pregnant Women: Case Series from One Large New York City Obstetrical Practice date: 2020-05-21 words: 1106.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296353-snzdjan9.txt summary: Objective This study aimed to report a case series of pregnant women in New York City with confirmed or presumed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Study Design Beginning March 22, 2020, all pregnant women from one large obstetrical practice in New York City were contacted regularly to inquire about symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or sick contacts. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two symptoms, or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test. For all patients with suspected COVID-19 or sick contacts, we contacted them every 2 to 3 days and kept a running list of these patients including symptoms, treatments, and test results, if performed. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two of the following symptoms (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. abstract: Objective This study aimed to report a case series of pregnant women in New York City with confirmed or presumed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Study Design Beginning March 22, 2020, all pregnant women from one large obstetrical practice in New York City were contacted regularly to inquire about symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise, anosmia), or sick contacts. A running log was kept of these patients, as well as all patients who underwent COVID-19 testing. For this report, we included every patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, which was defined as at least two symptoms, or a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction test. Results From March 22, 2020 until April 30, 2020, 757 pregnant women in our practice were evaluated and 92 had known or suspected COVID-19 (12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0–14.7%). Of these 92 women, 33 (36%) had positive COVID-19 test results. Only one woman required hospital admission for 5 days due to COVID-19 (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.2–5.9%). One other woman received home oxygen. No women required mechanical ventilation and there were no maternal deaths. One woman had an unexplained fetal demise at 14 weeks' gestation around the time of her COVID-19 symptoms. Twenty one of the 92 women have delivered, and all were uncomplicated. Conclusions Among 92 women with confirmed or presumed COVID-19, the overall morbidity was low. These preliminary results are encouraging for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key Points: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is prevalent in New York City. In this case series, COVID-19 in pregnant women had a very low morbidity and no mortality. This preliminary data is reassuring for pregnant women at risk of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712529 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712529 id: cord-301779-y07xjnpe author: Fox, Sharon E title: Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans date: 2020-05-27 words: 3284.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301779-y07xjnpe.txt summary: INTERPRETATION: We identify key pathological states, including thrombotic and microangiopathic pathology in the lungs, that contributed to death in patients with severe COVID-19 and decompensation in this demographic. Evidence before this study We reviewed the single study of autopsy in a COVID-19 positive patient by Z Xu and colleagues, published in this journal, and reports of pathology from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and similar viral infections by J Nicholls. Previous evidence [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] reports viral infection causing activation of both maladaptive cytokine pathways and a platelet response, and our findings suggest that these immune functions might be related to severe forms of COVID-19. We do not have evidence of direct infection of megakaryocytes by SARS-CoV-2, but the abundance of these cells in the lungs at autopsy is probably related to the abundance of small, sometimes platelet-rich thrombi, and foci of haemorrhage. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly across the USA, causing extensive morbidity and mortality, particularly in the African American community. Autopsy can considerably contribute to our understanding of many disease processes and could provide crucial information to guide management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report on the relevant cardiopulmonary findings in, to our knowledge, the first autopsy series of ten African American decedents, with the cause of death attributed to COVID-19. METHODS: Autopsies were performed on ten African American decedents aged 44–78 years with cause of death attributed to COVID-19, reflective of the dominant demographic of deaths following COVID-19 diagnosis in New Orleans. Autopsies were done with consent of the decedents' next of kin. Pulmonary and cardiac features were examined, with relevant immunostains to characterise the inflammatory response, and RNA labelling and electron microscopy on representative sections. FINDINGS: Important findings include the presence of thrombosis and microangiopathy in the small vessels and capillaries of the lungs, with associated haemorrhage, that significantly contributed to death. Features of diffuse alveolar damage, including hyaline membranes, were present, even in patients who had not been ventilated. Cardiac findings included individual cell necrosis without lymphocytic myocarditis. There was no evidence of secondary pulmonary infection by microorganisms. INTERPRETATION: We identify key pathological states, including thrombotic and microangiopathic pathology in the lungs, that contributed to death in patients with severe COVID-19 and decompensation in this demographic. Management of these patients should include treatment to target these pathological mechanisms. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260020302435 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30243-5 id: cord-339509-4ezt6o0o author: Fox, Sharon E. title: Cardiac Endotheliitis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome After COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 952.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339509-4ezt6o0o.txt summary: In addition, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) similar to Kawasaki disease has been increasingly reported in association with COVID-19 in children and young adults (3) (4) (5) . Objective: To provide what we believe to be the first report on the pathologic findings of vasculitis of the small vessels of the heart, which likely represents MIS, leading to death in a young adult after presumed resolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Gross abnormalities noted at autopsy (4 hours after death) were conjunctival injection, enlarged cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, and vascular thrombi with focal surrounding hemorrhage in the left lower lung, which probably contributed to illness but were not likely the primary cause of death. The clinical picture in this adult patient of sudden lymphadenopathy and parotitis combined with small-vessel cardiac vasculitis after COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of a similar systemic inflammatory process. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726150/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0882 id: cord-343090-dsjq98ks author: Fragkou, Paraskevi C. title: Review of trials currently testing treatment and prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 2027.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343090-dsjq98ks.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: We summarised all registered clinical trials examining treatment and prevention options for COVID-19. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Registered clinical trials examining treatment and/or prevention options for COVID-19 were included. property to achieve at least 10-fold higher concentrations in epithelial lung fluid than in 202 serum, have led researchers to repurpose them against SARS-CoV-2 (Table 1, Table S1 observations the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone is being evaluated in at least three randomised 215 clinical trials for its efficacy in the prevention of post-COVID-19 pneumonia fibrosis (Table 216 1, Table S1 ). Among the eligible treatment studies, 310 children recruitment (i.e.< 14 years old) was reported in 7 clinical trials in total: 1 testing 311 darunavir with cobicistat (NCT04252274); 2 on human stem cells transfusion 312 (ChiCTR2000029606, ChiCTR2000030944); 1 testing hydroxycholoroquine (EudraCT 313 Phase IV and phase III treatment trials were the most commonly reported interventional study 319 types (n=40, 20% and n=35, 18% respectively) as demonstrated in Table 3 . abstract: BACKGROUND: As COVID-19 cases continue to rise globally, evidence from large randomised controlled trials is still lacking. Currently, numerous trials testing potential treatment and preventative options are undertaken all over the world. OBJECTIVES: We summarised all registered clinical trials examining treatment and prevention options for COVID-19. Additionally, we evaluated the quality of the retrieved studies. DATA SOURCES: Clinicaltrials.gov, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and the European Union Clinical Trials Register were systematically searched. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Registered clinical trials examining treatment and/or prevention options for COVID-19 were included. No language, country or study design restrictions were applied. We excluded withdrawn or cancelled studies and trials not reporting therapeutic or preventative strategies for COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS: and interventions: No restrictions in terms of participants’ age and medical background or type of intervention were enforced. METHODS: The registries were searched using the term “coronavirus” or “COVID-19” from their inception until 26(th) March 2020.Additional manual search of the registries was also performed. Eligible studies were summarised and tabulated. Interventional trials were methodologically analysed, excluding expanded access studies and trials testing Traditional Chinese Medicine. RESULTS: In total, 309 trials evaluating therapeutic management options, 23 studies assessing preventive strategies and 3 studies examining both were retrieved. Finally, 214 studies were methodologically reviewed. Interventional treatment studies were mostly randomised (n=150, 76%) and open-label (n=73, 37%) with a median number of planned inclusions of 90 (IQR 40-200). Major categories of interventions that are currently being investigated are discussed. CONCLUSION: Numerous clinical trials have been registered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Summarised data on these trials will assist physicians and researchers to promote patient care and guide future research efforts for COVID-19 pandemic containment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20302962?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.019 id: cord-033833-woref5g8 author: Fragoso-Saavedra, Sergio title: A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol date: 2020-10-16 words: 2754.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033833-woref5g8.txt summary: title: A parallel-group, multicenter randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3, clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Pyridostigmine In Severe COvid-19 (PISCO) trial protocol METHODS: A parallel-group, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide 60 mg/day P.O. to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Exclusion criteria include one or more of the following: allergy to pyridostigmine; pregnancy or breastfeeding status; concomitant autoimmune disease; diagnosed immunodeficiencies (including HIV infection); need for mechanical ventilation, admission to the ICU, or meeting criteria for septic shock before providing signed, informed consent; inability to receive orally or enterally administered drugs; use of immunosuppressants or immune-modulators (including chemotherapy and corticosteroids) in the preceding 28-day period unless recommended by the treatment medical team as part of the therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection; and participation in clinical trials of any kind in the previous 28 days. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may lead to severe systemic inflammatory response, pulmonary damage, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This in turn may result in respiratory failure and in death. Experimentally, acetylcholine (ACh) modulates the acute inflammatory response, a neuro-immune mechanism known as the inflammatory reflex. Recent clinical evidence suggest that electrical and chemical stimulation of the inflammatory reflex may reduce the burden of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases. Pyridostigmine (PDG), an ACh-esterase inhibitor (i-ACh-e), increases the half-life of endogenous ACh, therefore mimicking the inflammatory reflex. This clinical trial is aimed at evaluating if add-on of PDG leads to a decrease of invasive mechanical ventilation and death among patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS: A parallel-group, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide 60 mg/day P.O. to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. DISCUSSION: This study will provide preliminary evidence of whether or not -by decreasing systemic inflammation- add-on PDG can improve clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04343963 (registered on April 14, 2020). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7563903/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05485-7 id: cord-336782-0zkb39v1 author: Fraile Gutiérrez, V. title: Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine date: 2020-11-02 words: 6658.0 sentences: 394.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336782-0zkb39v1.txt summary: title: Narrative review of ultrasound in the management of the critically ill patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): clinical applications in intensive care medicine The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia clinical presentation with fever and cough accompanied by multifocal nodular (round or oval) ground-glass opacities in the lungs that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and requires admission to an Intensive Care Medicine Service (ICMS) in a high percentage of patients. Ultrasound can be a very useful tool during the management of the COVID-19 pandemic because it provides real-time non-invasive bedside images of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). • It is superior to the simple x-ray for the detection of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, interstitial syndrome, and for the differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea • In the thoracic ultrasound, the clinical signs are the determinant factor regarding the interpretation of the data obtained. abstract: The clinical picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is characterized in its more severe form, by an acute respiratory failure which can worsen to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and get complicated with thrombotic events and heart dysfunction. Therefore, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is common. Ultrasound, which has become an everyday tool in the ICU, can be very useful during COVID-19 pandemic, since it provides the clinician with information which can be interpreted and integrated within a global assessment during the physical examination. A description of some of the potential applications of ultrasound is depicted in this document, in order to supply the physicians taking care of these patients with a adapted guide to the intensive care setting. Some of its applications since ICU admission include verification of the correct position of the endotracheal tube, contribution to safe cannulation of lines, and identification of complications and thrombotic events. Furthermore, pleural and lung ultrasound can be an alternative diagnostic test to assess the degree of involvement of the lung parenchyma by means of the evaluation of specific ultrasound patterns, identification of pleural effusions and barotrauma. Echocardiography provides information of heart involvement, detects cor pulmonale and shock states. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173572720301752 doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.10.002 id: cord-316118-ph582weg author: Frajkova, Zofia title: Postintubation Dysphagia During COVID-19 Outbreak-Contemporary Review date: 2020-05-28 words: 5100.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316118-ph582weg.txt summary: Severe disease progression is often associated with the development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and may require some form of respiratory support, including endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. Postintubation dysphagia in critically ill patients is related to the duration of mechanical ventilation [18, [20] [21] [22] , negatively affects the return to oral intake, and is associated with prolonged hospitalization [23] . [33] the duration of endotracheal intubation is independently associated with aspiration and the duration of intubation positively correlates with the degree of dysphagia, which may help in identifying patients requiring swallow examination [33] . If the patient has a known history of neurological disease, head and neck surgery, or prolonged mechanical ventilation, screening may be avoided and a detailed examination of swallowing by the speech and language therapist should be considered. Associations between prolonged intubation and developing post-extubation dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in non-neurologic critically Ill patients abstract: The COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Its rapid dissemination and serious course require a novel approach to healthcare practices. Severe disease progression is often associated with the development of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and may require some form of respiratory support, including endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. These conditions increase the risk of dysphagia, aspiration, and aspiration pneumonia. The data on the incidence and risks of dysphagia associated with COVID-19 are not yet available. However, it is assumed that these patients are at high risk, because of respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. These findings may exacerbate swallowing deficits. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on possible mechanisms of postintubation dysphagia in COVID-19 patients. Recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of postintubation dysphagia in COVID-19 patients are described in this contemporary review. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10139-6 doi: 10.1007/s00455-020-10139-6 id: cord-317002-jcjenti0 author: Francesco, Garaci title: Venous cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-01 words: 663.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317002-jcjenti0.txt summary: We report the description of a patient with COVID-19 who developed thrombosis of the superior vena cava, pulmonary artery and deep intracerebral venous thrombosis . This case demonstrates that extending imaging from the chest to the brain district can be useful in identifying possible associated complications in COVID-19 patients. DIC is a severe complication in COVID-19 patients and it has been related to poor prognosis and increased mortality (71.4% of patient who die of COVID-19) (2) . In the present case the DIC seems to be a late complication of COVID-19 infection, probably related prolonged inflammatory response with imbalance of immunochemical mediators with presumable endothelial damage and systemic vasculitis considering the second negative nasopharyngeal swab specimen in our patient. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Although arterial ischemic strokes may be associated in COVID-19 patients this case demonstrates that venous cerebral thrombosis should be rule out in patients with neurological symptoms abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116871 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116871 id: cord-323775-sonsrf5b author: Franchini, Linda title: Mental Health Services For Mood Disorder Outpatients In Milan During COVID-19 Outbreak: the experience of the health care providers at San Raffaele Hospital date: 2020-07-21 words: 1644.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323775-sonsrf5b.txt summary: We described a telephone-based surveillance on 101 euthymic Mood Disorder outpatients in Milan by a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures and the presence of quarantine stressors. The present report aims at describing the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on Mood Disorder patients attending the Mood Disorder Outpatient Center at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, with the aid of a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures. Among our sample, 76% of patients reported frustration due to restrictions, 53.5% fears about infection, 45.5% financial concerns, 44.5% psychic anxiety, 40.6% low mood, 36.6% somatization, 31.6% increased alertness, 29.7% insomnia, 20.8% self-medication with sedatives, 2.9% inadequate supplies. The purpose of our brief report is to describe the telephone-based mental illness surveillance on the quarantine effects in a sample of euthymic mood disorder patients who could not attend their scheduled psychiatric visit due to lockdown measures. abstract: The spread of COVID-19 throughout Italy, particularly Lombardy, led to adopt quarantine measures, known to exacerbate pre-existing psychiatric conditions. We described a telephone-based surveillance on 101 euthymic Mood Disorder outpatients in Milan by a non-standardized survey to evaluate reactions to lockdown measures and the presence of quarantine stressors. Frustration was the most represented quarantine stressor. Being jobless was significantly related to the presence of frustration, somatization, increased alertness, psychic anxiety and low mood; younger age to the presence of psychic anxiety, alertness and financial concerns. No recurrences were observed at the time of writing. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113317 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113317 id: cord-257746-pqom76hk author: Franic, Tomislav title: Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health – Croatian (in)experience date: 2020-05-21 words: 2393.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257746-pqom76hk.txt summary: In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis. People have many fears relating to the present situation: they fear for the health and well-being of family and loved ones regarding covid-19 infection; they fear the length of time the pandemic will last; they fear the economic fallout from the crisis (perhaps unlike anything seen in our lifetimes) and they fear the uncertainty of the future. This might direct CAMH professionals not only toward the mental health needs of children and adolescents, but also of parents caused by the Covid-19 crisis to address possible mental health issues. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unseen socio-economic changes all over the world, where enormous efforts are being made to preserve lives and maintain functional health systems. A secondary concern is to mitigate the severe economic consequences of the crisis. Different approaches have been adopted with varying outcomes and experiences. But regardless of the different approaches taken, one thing is common for all societies during this pandemic: fear and anxiety. This fear extends from concerns about the present situation, for the health and well-being of family members and loved ones from Covid-19 infection, to fears relating to how long the crisis will last, to the potential economic consequences of the pandemic (perhaps not seen in our lifetimes) and the ultimate fear of future uncertainty. Across the world, health systems are being faced with unprecedented challenges. At their core, these challenges are the same: how to beat Covid-19. Certainly, there are differences in how individual systems are organized and how they address the main issues arising from the pandemic while not forgetting the ongoing healthcare needs of the general population. In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.55 doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.55 id: cord-260349-dm39opvg author: Frank, P. title: Trajectories of depressive symptoms among vulnerable groups in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-11 words: 4292.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260349-dm39opvg.txt summary: Health-related and psychosocial vulnerabilities included pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, experience of psychological and/or physical abuse, and low social support. Conclusions: People with psychosocial and health-related risk factors, as well as those with low SEP seem to be most vulnerable to experiencing moderate or severe depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of both moderate and severe depressive symptoms was considerably higher among people experiencing abuse, low social support, in individuals with low SEP, and in those with pre-existing mental and physical health conditions. Notably, non-white ethnicity was related to higher depressive symptoms, but these results were explained by other sociodemographic characteristics, abuse and social support, as well as pre-existing physical or mental illnesses. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that certain vulnerable groups are at particular risk of experiencing elevated depressive symptoms during the current COVID-19 pandemic, including people with pre-existing mental and . abstract: Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many aspects of the human condition, including mental health and psychological wellbeing. This study examined trajectories of depressive symptoms (DST) over time among vulnerable individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample consisted of 51,417 adults recruited from the COVID-19 Social Study. Depressive symptoms were measured on seven occasions (21st March - 2nd April), using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic vulnerabilities included non-white ethnic background, low socio-economic position (SEP), and type of work (keyworker versus no keyworker). Health-related and psychosocial vulnerabilities included pre-existing physical and mental health conditions, experience of psychological and/or physical abuse, and low social support. Group-based DST were derived using latent growth mixture modelling and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between these vulnerabilities and DSTs. Model estimates were adjusted for age, sex, and suspected COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: Three DSTs were identified: low [N=30,850 (60%)] moderate [N=14,911 (29%)], and severe [N=5,656 (11%)] depressive symptoms. DSTs were relatively stable across the first 6 weeks of lockdown. After adjusting for covariates, experiences of physical/psychological abuse (OR 13.16, 95% CI 12.95-13.37), pre-existing mental health conditions (OR 13.00 95% CI 12.87-13.109), pre-existing physical health conditions (OR 3.41, 95% CI 3.29-3.54), low social support (OR 12.72, 95% CI 12.57-12.86), and low SEP (OR 5.22, 95% CI 5.08-5.36) were significantly associated with the severe DST. No significant association was found for ethnicity (OR 1.07, 95% 0.85-1.28). Participants with key worker roles were less likely to experience severe depressive symptoms (OR 0.66, 95% 0.53-0.80). Similar but smaller patterns of associations were found for the moderate DST. Conclusions: People with psychosocial and health-related risk factors, as well as those with low SEP seem to be most vulnerable to experiencing moderate or severe depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20126300 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20126300 id: cord-271062-ev2efm10 author: Fransawy Alkomos, Mina title: COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Bilateral Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in a Young Healthy Female date: 2020-07-19 words: 1235.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271062-ev2efm10.txt summary: Similar symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary embolism (PE) creates a diagnostic challenge to every physician, and emerging data show an association between COVID-19, hypercoagulable state, and venous thromboembolism. Since EKG finding of S(I) Q(III) T(III) pattern and right ventricular strain, and ECHO finding of right ventricular dysfunction are well described in PE but not in COVID-19, these bedside diagnostic tools can help identify COVID-19 patients with underlining PEs. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] virus) was first reported in China in December of 2019 [1, 2] . Fever, dry cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and elevated D-dimer were some of the commonly reported symptoms in two retrospective studies in China; these data overlap with pulmonary embolism (PE) clinical presentation and laboratory tests [1] [2] [3] . abstract: Similar symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pulmonary embolism (PE) creates a diagnostic challenge to every physician, and emerging data show an association between COVID-19, hypercoagulable state, and venous thromboembolism. We present a rare case of COVID-19 presented as bilateral sub-massive PE. A 28-year-old COVID-19 positive female with no significant past medical history presented with a dry cough and shortness of breath for three days. Initial laboratory test showed elevated D-dimer, electrocardiogram (EKG) showed right axis deviation, right ventricular strain pattern, and S(I) Q(III) T(III) pattern, and echocardiogram (ECHO) showed right ventricular dysfunction. Those two bedside tests directed the urgency of chest CT angiography that showed bilateral sub-massive PE. Since EKG finding of S(I) Q(III) T(III) pattern and right ventricular strain, and ECHO finding of right ventricular dysfunction are well described in PE but not in COVID-19, these bedside diagnostic tools can help identify COVID-19 patients with underlining PEs. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9266 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9266 id: cord-343027-ks3fn9pq author: Fraser, Nicholas title: Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 words: 5707.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343027-ks3fn9pq.txt summary: When the data was broken down by server, it 132 was evident that whilst posting of COVID-19 preprints to bioRxiv had remained relatively steady, 133 preprints posted to medRxiv increased with time (Supplemental Fig. 2A) . Server usage differences were more pronounced 237 for COVID-19 preprints; multiple post-hoc comparisons confirmed that bioRxiv and medRxiv received 238 significantly higher usage per COVID-19 preprint than all other servers for which data was available 239 (Tukey HSD; all p values < 0.001). However, for non COVID-19 preprints, the only observed pairwise 240 differences between servers indicated greater bioRxiv usage than SSRN or Research Square (Tukey 241 HSD; all p values < 0.001). We also compared rates of PDF downloads for bioRxiv and medRxiv preprints 506 with a number of other preprint servers (Preprints.org, SSRN, and Research Square) (Supplemental Counts of multiple altmetric indicators (mentions in tweets, blogs, and news articles) were retrieved 510 via Altmetric (https://www.altmetric.com), a service that monitors and aggregates mentions to 511 scientific articles on various online platforms. abstract: The world continues to face an ongoing viral pandemic that presents a serious threat to human health. The virus underlying the COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2, caused over 29 million confirmed cases and 925,000 deaths since January 2020. Although the last pandemic occurred only a decade ago, the way science operates and responds to current events has experienced a paradigm shift in the interim. The scientific community responded rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, releasing over 16,000 COVID-19 scientific articles within 4 months of the first confirmed case, of which 6,753 were hosted by preprint servers. Focussing on bioRxiv and medRxiv, two growing preprint servers for biomedical research, we investigated the attributes of COVID-19 preprints, their access and usage rates and characteristics of sharing across online platforms. Our results highlight the unprecedented role of preprint servers in the dissemination of COVID-19 science, and the impact of the pandemic on the scientific communication landscape. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.111294 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.111294 id: cord-343981-m6z9aqvu author: Freedberg, Daniel E. title: Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 words: 1280.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343981-m6z9aqvu.txt summary: title: Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study After adjusting for baseline patient characteristics, use of famotidine remained independently associated with risk for death or intubation (Supplemental Table 2 , adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.85) and this remained unchanged after propensity score matching to further balance the covariables (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). This retrospective study found that, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, famotidine use was associated with a reduced risk of clinical deterioration leading to intubation or death. A randomized controlled trial is currently underway to determine whether famotidine can improve clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (NCT04370262). In sum, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and not initially intubated, famotidine use was associated with a two-fold reduction in clinical deterioration leading to intubation or death. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016508520347065?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.053 id: cord-335140-njg0ln33 author: Freeman, Ciara L title: Covid‐19 and Myeloma: what are the implications for now and in the future? date: 2020-05-19 words: 3361.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335140-njg0ln33.txt summary: We also need to consider that the way we deliver care to myeloma patients may forever be changed as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19. This global crisis could force the myeloma Accepted Article community to scrutinise our practices and ask whether every test, every treatment and every patient interaction is truly delivering value to our vulnerable population, both in the immediate-term and also in the future. All rights reserved this at minimum (19) (20) (21) In select patients with responsive, controlled disease with low tumour burden, temporarily decreasing the frequency of administration to every second week could be a potential option (22) Delay or cancellation of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been recommended wherever possible given its significant and prolonged immunosuppression in the current landscape (23, 24). Risks, severity and timing of infections in patients with multiple myeloma: a longitudinal cohort study in the era of immunomodulatory drug therapy abstract: The pandemic has affected every aspect of myeloma care. Immediate focus is minimizing risk of contracting COVID‐19 and the sequelae of infection. However, what does the future hold for our patients? What lessons will be taken forward to tackle myeloma in the fiscally constrained future? If we embrace the challenges that will emerge in the post‐pandemic environment, the treatment delivered to patients could be more cost effective and better tailored than before. Healthcare delivery post‐COVID will not return to how it was, and now is the time to invest in novel strategies to deliver the best possible outcomes for patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428242/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16815 id: cord-322798-5r3kf9wa author: Freeman, Esther E. title: Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2020-04-09 words: 675.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322798-5r3kf9wa.txt summary: title: Creating Dermatology Guidelines for Covid-19: The Pitfalls of Applying Evidence Based Medicine to an Emerging Infectious Disease To the Editor: We recently co-authored a piece in the JAAD about modifications the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) implemented to enhance the rigor of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Due in part to these concerns, the AAD Covid-19 taskforce published interim guidance that did not distinguish among biologic classes. 4 In the face of uncertainty, societies including the American College of Cardiology took a stance to keep patients on ACE-inhibitors while they await more evidence. These changes to dermatology guidelines do not exist in a vacuum; important ethical implications include patient outcomes such as missed melanomas and the loss of employment for practice staff. We should acknowledge the shift from evidence based medicine to reliance on expert guidance, and appreciate the potential for guideline reversal. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32278795/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.002 id: cord-350614-4umq61rf author: Freeman, Phyllis title: Richard Horton. The COVID-19 Catastrophe: What’s gone wrong and how to stop it happening again: Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 2020. pp 133, Paperback $14.95USD, ISBN-13:978-1-5095-4645-9 and 13:978-1-5095-4645-9 (pb) date: 2020-09-17 words: 1299.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350614-4umq61rf.txt summary: Launching into the terms of debate, he ponders: If COVID-19 represents the greatest failure of Western democracies since World War II, what should governments learn from it and how do we need future ones to act? 85-86; 103)-en route to a more philosophic discussion and listing of questions about how humans view the role of societies in handling uncertainty, risk, wealth, knowledge, deprivation, and differences among us in characteristics and values-and how western societies need urgently to find a way to balance "liberty and scrutiny" (think about ''surveillance'') in managing their people. We need to add to those discussions all we learn as COVID-19 damage to people and societies intensifies, disables populations across the globe that are, theoretically, less prepared to cope than the Western democracies-with their economic and many health resources, if not the wisdom nor the will. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00253-y doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00253-y id: cord-349949-jp0hvcg6 author: Freer, Phoebe E. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Breast Imaging date: 2020-09-22 words: 5752.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349949-jp0hvcg6.txt summary: Quickly, breast radiologists and technologists had palpable concerns regarding the need to protect HCWs and patients during screening, and firm statements were released by national organizations with the ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic all released later in March, 2020, and recommending to "postpone all breast screening exams (to include screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI) effective immediately" as well as to discontinue routine and non-urgent breast health appointments. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines include increasing telehealth appointments (noting in person visits are needed for new cancer patients or urgent infections / post-operative complications) and specific guidance for management and advised that the risk/benefit balance for most patients favored continued administration of systemic therapies and chemotherapies, with additional precautions when possible (e.g., choosing less immunosuppressive therapies, regimens requiring fewer appointments) 26 . abstract: Starting in Wuhan, China, followed quickly in the United States in January 2020, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or COVID-19 escalated to a global pandemic by March(1,2). By September 10, 2020, there were almost 28 million cases worldwide and nearly 6.4 million U.S. cases, with almost 1 million and 200,000 deaths, respectively(3). The outbreak dramatically disrupted global public health as well as precipitated upheaval to the economy and society. With no vaccine or adequate treatment, the most significant weapon to curtail its destruction was a global policy of “social distancing”, advising people to quarantine at home, closing schools and businesses, and disrupting routine health care. As the pandemic lasted, the need to re-open the economy and health care emerged with precautions placed for masking and social distancing. Significant disruptions occurred to breast imaging including deferred screening mammography, triaging diagnostic breast imaging, and changes in breast cancer care algorithms. This article summarizes the effect of the global pandemic – and efforts to curtail its spread – on both breast cancer care and on breast imaging practices including effects on patients, clinical workflow, education and research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033838920301330 doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2020.09.008 id: cord-310902-cfci8lef author: Freites Nuñez, Dalifer D title: Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases date: 2020-08-07 words: 3986.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310902-cfci8lef.txt summary: 1 Since the confirmation of the first patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain in January 2020, the current COVID-19 outbreak has had a considerable impact, especially in the Madrid region, where the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases has been recorded, with more than 41 304 patients admitted to the hospital until the first week of May. 2 The incidence and severity of COVID-19 disease seem to be higher in patients with risk factors, such as advanced age and associated comorbidities, mainly hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and previous respiratory diseases. ► Patients with an autoimmune systemic condition have a higher risk of hospital admission related to COVID-19 compared with those with chronic inflammatory arthritis. Older age, systemic autoimmune conditions (vs chronic inflammatory arthritis) (OR: 2.65; 95% CI 1.22-5.7, p=0.014), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, heart disease and glucocorticoids were associated with statistically significant greater risk of admission to the hospital. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) who had COVID-19 disease; to compare patients who required hospital admission with those who did not and assess risk factors for hospital admission related to COVID-19. METHODS: An observational longitudinal study was conducted during the pandemic peak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (1 March 2020 to 24 April). All patients attended at the rheumatology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain with a medical diagnosis of AIRD and with symptomatic COVID-19 were included. The main outcome was hospital admission related to COVID-19. The covariates were sociodemographic, clinical and treatments. We ran a multivariable logistic regression model to assess risk factors for the hospital admission. RESULTS: The study population included 123 patients with AIRD and COVID-19. Of these, 54 patients required hospital admission related to COVID-19. The mean age on admission was 69.7 (15.7) years, and the median time from onset of symptoms to hospital admission was 5 (3–10) days. The median length of stay was 9 (6–14) days. A total of 12 patients died (22%) during admission. Compared with outpatients, the factors independently associated with hospital admission were older age (OR: 1.08; p=0.00) and autoimmune systemic condition (vs chronic inflammatory arthritis) (OR: 3.55; p=0.01). No statistically significant findings for exposure to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were found in the final model. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that age and having a systemic autoimmune condition increased the risk of hospital admission, whereas disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were not associated with hospital admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769150/ doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217984 id: cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author: French, Jeff title: Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date: 2020-08-13 words: 6355.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt summary: This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. The paper explores key issues that relevant organizations must address and summarizes best practices that should be addressed when developing behavioral influence strategies to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines effectively, efficiently, and ethically as they become available. Governments and their public health agencies need to develop a dialogue and joint strategy with social media platform providers to review and action against anti-vaccination misinformation and vaccine hesitancy promotion. Public health authorities need to build a proactive COVID-19 vaccine trust capacity for active engagement in the social media space as part of their overall promotional strategy [56] . abstract: This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. A key part of this strategy is to counter the anti-vaccination movement that is already promoting hesitancy and resistance. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a tsunami of misinformation and conspiracy theories that have the potential to reduce vaccine uptake. To make matters worse, sections of populations in many countries display low trust in governments and official information about the pandemic and how the officials are tackling it. This paper aims to set out in short form critical guidelines that governments and regional bodies should take to enhance the impact of a COVID-19 vaccination strategy. We base our recommendations on a review of existing best practice guidance. This paper aims to assist those responsible for promoting COVID-19 vaccine uptake to digest the mass of guidance that exists and formulate an effective locally relevant strategy. A summary of key guidelines is presented based on best practice guidance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32823775/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165893 id: cord-327652-tn29r8lj author: Fretheim, Atle title: Rapid reviews for rapid decision-making during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Norway, 2020 date: 2020-05-14 words: 1590.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327652-tn29r8lj.txt summary: In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. While keeping up with scientific developments is challenging also under normal circumstances, the combination of uncertainties in dealing with a novel virus and a huge outpour of research papers dealing with COVID-19, many of them not peer-reviewed, made it particularly challenging to provide evidence-informed guidance, either to the public, health services or policymakers. In addition, systematic reviews on COVID-19-related topics were likely to become rapidly outdated, given the large number of new study reports published daily. Being a national public health institute with responsibilities for infectious diseases prevention and response, as well as having the role as the national centre for evidence-based healthcare, meant that the competence and tools to develop the rapid reviews were available within the organisation. abstract: In response to urgent needs for updated evidence for decision-making on various aspects related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a rapid review team. Using simplified processes and shortcuts, this team produces summary reviews on request within 1–3 days that inform advice provided by the institute. All reviews are published with explicit messages about the risk of overlooking key evidence or making misguided judgements by using such rapid processes. url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000687 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000687 id: cord-346508-voe8zi2r author: Freudenberg, Lutz S. title: Global Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine Departments: An International Survey in April 2020 date: 2020-09-17 words: 3318.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346508-voe8zi2r.txt summary: Methods: A web-based questionnaire, made available from April 16 to May 3, 2020, was designed to determine the impact of the pandemic on inand outpatient nuclear medicine departments, including the number of procedures, employee health, availability of radiotracers and other essential supplies, and availability of personal protective equipment. Freudenberg and Ken Herrmann) conducted a worldwide survey with the aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine services across the globe and identify regional differences and challenges. Survey questions addressed the following categories: operational aspects of nuclear medicine departments, impact on diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and supply of radiotracers and other essential materials. Among the respondents, it was found that countries and regions that were in the postpeak phase of the pandemic when they responded to the survey, such as South Korea and Singapore, reported less pronounced impact on diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed significant challenges on health-care systems worldwide, whether in the preparation, response, or recovery phase of the pandemic. This has been primarily managed by dramatically reducing in- and outpatient services for other diseases and implementing infection prevention and control measures. The impact of the pandemic on nuclear medicine departments and their services has not yet been established. The aim of this online survey was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine departments. Methods: A web-based questionnaire, made available from April 16 to May 3, 2020, was designed to determine the impact of the pandemic on in- and outpatient nuclear medicine departments, including the number of procedures, employee health, availability of radiotracers and other essential supplies, and availability of personal protective equipment. The survey also inquired about operational aspects and types of facilities as well as other challenges. Results: A total of 434 responses from 72 countries were registered and analyzed. Respondents reported an average decline of 54% in diagnostic procedures. PET/CT scans decreased by an average of 36%, whereas sentinel lymph-node procedures decreased by 45%, lung scans by 56%, bone scans by 60%, myocardial studies by 66%, and thyroid studies by 67%. Of all participating centers, 81% performed radionuclide therapies, and they reported a reduction of 45% on average in the last 4 wk, ranging from over 76% in Latin America and South East Asia to 16% in South Korea and Singapore. Survey results showed that 52% of participating sites limited their (99m)Tc/(99)Mo generator purchases, and 12% of them temporarily cancelled orders. Insufficient supplies of essential materials (radioisotopes, generators, and kits) were reported, especially for (99m)Tc/(99)Mo generators and (131)I, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Conclusion: Both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures declined precipitously, with countries worldwide being affected by the pandemic to a similar degree. Countries that were in the postpeak phase of the pandemic when they responded to the survey, such as South Korea and Singapore, reported a less pronounced impact on nuclear medicine services; however, the overall results of the survey showed that nuclear medicine services worldwide had been significantly impacted. In relation to staff health, 15% of respondents experienced COVID-19 infections within their own departments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709733/ doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249821 id: cord-339161-ycsijsw4 author: Friebel, TR title: Communication: A Safe Skin Cancer Surgery set-up during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-11-01 words: 858.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339161-ycsijsw4.txt summary: By initiating dedicated local anaesthetic skin cancer operating lists in an affiliated private hospital, our tertiary plastic surgery unit provided continuation of care for this patient population throughout the pandemic. [ Table 1 inserts here] None of the contacted fifty patients developed any symptoms of COVID-19 in the 3-6 weeks following their surgical procedure. The guideline published by NHS in April 2020, advises Plastic Surgery services to continue to offer surgical treatment within one month for the following skin cancers: melanoma; poorly differentiated tumours; nodal disease; compromise of vital structures, including the eye, nose and ear [5] . The results of this communication can be used when discussing the oncological risk of delaying surgery vs the COVID-19 transmission risk for patients undergoing a procedure under local anaesthesia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748681520305416?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.10.044 id: cord-263670-irhdf4o2 author: Fried, Jacob title: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 words: 459.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263670-irhdf4o2.txt summary: title: Nasal endoscopy protocols in the era of COVID-19 COVID-19, the respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly 14 emerged as a serious global health concern. 2 The WHO and has enacted various protocols for healthcare institutions internationally 18 in an attempt to slow the spread of disease, 3 including adjustments for procedures performed by 19 otolaryngologists. This paper aims to review the current literature pertaining to adjustments in 20 nasal endoscopy protocols and appropriate precautions in the era of COVID-19. A comprehensive literature review was performed searching for any published English-23 language literature discussing nasopharyngoscopy and COVID-19. Director-General''s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-84 at-the-media-briefing-on-covid Aerosol generating procedures 94 and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a 95 systematic review Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with 115 suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.007 doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.04.007 id: cord-286415-flo3dqsm author: Fried, Justin A. title: The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-04 words: 2873.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286415-flo3dqsm.txt summary: 1 COVID-19 is the clinical manifestation of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and most frequently presents with respiratory symptoms that can progress to pneumonia and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock. During the procedure the patient''s blood pressure fell to 72/43 mm Hg. Right heart catheterization was performed revealing a right atrial pressure of 10 mm Hg, pulmonary artery pressure of 30/20 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 21 mm Hg, and a Fick cardiac index of 1.0 L·min -1 ·m -2 , confirming the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. Dr Uriel: In this case, a patient with underlying cardiac disease developed profound decompensation in the context of COVID-19 infection, characterized by a recurrence of a reduced LVEF accompanied by cardiogenic shock and proclivity for tachyarrhythmias. In patients presenting with what appears to be a typical cardiac syndrome, COVID-19 infection should be in the differential during the current pandemic, even in the absence of fever or cough. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.047164 doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047164 id: cord-308358-2bap7iih author: Friedland, Robert P title: The role for the metagenome in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 words: 1126.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308358-2bap7iih.txt summary: A common factor associated with aging and other COVID-19 risk factors is the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and resulting low grade inflammation with loss of epithelial barrier function [5] . Germ free animals have defective immune systems and the gut microbiota influences pathogen dissemination, inflammation, organ damage and mortality in murine pneumonia [9] . Changes in diet with aging may well influence short chain fatty acid production, affecting immune homeostasis, barrier function and severity of COVID-19. However, in cases of severe disease of COVID-19, it is the innate response and not the unregulated adaptive immune response via T cells that results in morbidity and death. The influence of the microbiota on immune processes in COVID19 infection may be assessed with metagenomic analysis of nasal, oral and intestinal communities, as well as metabolomics. Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352396420303959 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103019 id: cord-270467-es6dnx36 author: Frisardi, Vincenza title: Commentary: Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection? date: 2020-07-07 words: 1255.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270467-es6dnx36.txt summary: An article published on Frontiers Public Health supported the evidence of possible mechanisms linking IR and COVID-19 severity via the upregulation of ACE 2, the protein involved in virus entry (1) . We need to understand the molecular mechanisms related to the higher risk both of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 and of developing a more severe disease (COVID-19). The International Severe Acute Respiratory & Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) International report of 1,123 patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 found that obesity was the fifth most observed comorbidity in hospitalized patientsonly somewhat less common than "high-risk" pulmonary conditions 2 . As reported from the authors, in people with obesity and diabetes, it is clear that other mechanisms independent of ACE2 expression are likely to contribute to the more severe phenotype of COVID-19. Coronavirus and obesity: could insulin resistance mediate the severity of COVID-19 infection? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00351 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00351 id: cord-282197-hkt7nktc author: Frisullo, Giovanni title: Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 words: 963.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282197-hkt7nktc.txt summary: We would like to share our experience on the changes of integrated care pathway (ICP) focused on ischemic stroke patients. A team consisting of internists, cardiologists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists guarantees a multidisciplinary approach to s-COVID-19 stroke patients subjected to multiparametric monitoring of vital parameters. The integration of multiprofessional specialists can occur in the following settings: (1) COVID-19 sub-intensive room, where stroke team, infectious disease specialists, and resuscitators manage the patient together; (2) in the COVID-19 CT room, where the patient can simultaneously perform brain and chest CT for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia; (3) sub-intensive department dedicated to time-dependent disease, where the multidisciplinary approach allows a more appropriate management of the COVID-19 stroke patient. We believe that the main novelty of the new stroke ICP is the creation of a sub-intensive ward for time-dependent diseases in s-COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04480-9 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04480-9 id: cord-289168-h27tkdal author: Froelich, Sébastien title: Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top? date: 2020-05-28 words: 1142.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289168-h27tkdal.txt summary: Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 led to an unprecedented inflow of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) requiring high-flow non-invasive oxygenation, if not invasive mechanical ventilation. On the basis of three representative cases, it is possible to propose the following hypotheses: (i) how patients are positioned has a strong influence on their oxygen saturation levels; (ii) saturation-optimalized positions are patient-specific; (iii) prone positions require ergonomic devices; and (iv) saturation-optimalized positions should aim to place the most affected part(s) of the lung(s) on top. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 In non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, the management of patients with COVID-19, the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), consists mainly of supplying oxygen to prevent desaturation and respiratory exhaustion. Prone positioning improves oxygenation in spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: A retrospective study abstract: Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 led to an unprecedented inflow of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) requiring high-flow non-invasive oxygenation, if not invasive mechanical ventilation. While the best option in terms of non-invasive systems of oxygen delivery is still a matter of debate, it also remains unclear as to whether or not the optimal in-bed positioning of patients might also help to improve their oxygen saturation levels. On the basis of three representative cases, it is possible to propose the following hypotheses: (i) how patients are positioned has a strong influence on their oxygen saturation levels; (ii) saturation-optimalized positions are patient-specific; (iii) prone positions require ergonomic devices; and (iv) saturation-optimalized positions should aim to place the most affected part(s) of the lung(s) on top. Considered together, these hypotheses have led us to recommend that COVID-19 patients should undergo a specific assessment at admission to determine their saturation-optimalized in-bed position. However, further studies are still needed to assess the benefits of such a strategy on clinical outcomes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1262363620300860?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.05.009 id: cord-299927-ixuvy2g4 author: Frontera, Jennifer title: Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Study Design and Rationale date: 2020-05-22 words: 4851.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299927-ixuvy2g4.txt summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves worldwide, reports of a spectrum of mild to severe neurological syndromes among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, including headache, anosmia, ageusia, seizures, coma, encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and acute cerebrovascular events including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thromboses [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] . [15] reported that 84% (49/58) of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome had neurological symptoms including encephalopathy, agitation and confusion, and corticospinal tract signs. We established the Global Consortium to Study Neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients (GCS-NeuroCOVID) and promptly launched a tiered research program with an early, pragmatic, and nimble design to enable successful implementation during a global pandemic crisis when healthcare systems are stressed. The primary outcome in Tier 1 is the prevalence of new clinical neurological syndromes in SARS-CoV-2 patients including: new onset headache, anosmia/ageusia, clinical seizures/status epilepticus, strokes (ischemic and hemorrhagic), meningitis/encephalitis, hypoxic/ischemic injury, acute encephalopathy, coma, myelopathy, neuropathy, and dysautonomia/sympathetic storming. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic developed, reports of neurological dysfunctions spanning the central and peripheral nervous systems have emerged. The spectrum of acute neurological dysfunctions may implicate direct viral invasion, para-infectious complications, neurological manifestations of systemic diseases, or co-incident neurological dysfunction in the context of high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. A rapid and pragmatic approach to understanding the prevalence, phenotypes, pathophysiology and prognostic implications of COVID-19 neurological syndromes is urgently needed. METHODS: The Global Consortium to Study Neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID), endorsed by the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), was rapidly established to address this need in a tiered approach. Tier-1 consists of focused, pragmatic, low-cost, observational common data element (CDE) collection, which can be launched immediately at many sites in the first phase of this pandemic and is designed for expedited ethical board review with waiver-of-consent. Tier 2 consists of prospective functional and cognitive outcomes assessments with more detailed clinical, laboratory and radiographic data collection that would require informed consent. Tier 3 overlays Tiers 1 and 2 with experimental molecular, electrophysiology, pathology and imaging studies with longitudinal outcomes assessment and would require centers with specific resources. A multicenter pediatrics core has developed and launched a parallel study focusing on patients ages <18 years. Study sites are eligible for participation if they provide clinical care to COVID-19 patients and are able to conduct patient-oriented research under approval of an internal or global ethics committee. Hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 and with acute neurological signs or symptoms are eligible to participate. The primary study outcome is the overall prevalence of neurological complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which will be calculated by pooled estimates of each neurological finding divided by the average census of COVID-19 positive patients over the study period. Secondary outcomes include: in-hospital, 30 and 90-day morality, discharge modified Rankin score, ventilator-free survival, ventilator days, discharge disposition, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: In a one-month period (3/27/20–4/27/20) the GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium was able to recruit 71 adult study sites, representing 17 countries and 5 continents and 34 pediatrics study sites. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first large-scale global research collaboratives urgently assembled to evaluate acute neurological events in the context of a pandemic. The innovative and pragmatic tiered study approach has allowed for rapid recruitment and activation of numerous sites across the world—an approach essential to capture real-time critical neurological data to inform treatment strategies in this pandemic crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-00995-3 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-00995-3 id: cord-324035-43jy23ic author: Fronterre, C. title: COVID-19 in England: spatial patterns and regional outbreaks date: 2020-05-20 words: 3540.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324035-43jy23ic.txt summary: In determining a suitably "fine" spatial scale at which to perform surveillance, report the occurrence of disease cases, and be able to predict risk from continued outbreaks, it is necessary to consider the spatial variation of underlying population characteristics determining transmission of, and susceptibility to, COVID-19. In this section, we describe a spatiotemporal phenomenological approach to monitoring COVID-19 on a national scale, highlighting regions of higher than expected case incidence, regions that have high propensity for sustained transmission, and regions that are at risk from imported infection from other regions of the country. Although these data may be subject to temporal biases due to changing testing regimes, they appear to provide the most spatially resolved measure of number of COVID-19 cases available to modellers with cases attributed to each of 315 Lower Tier Local Authorities (LTLAs) in England consistent with our aim of spatial analysis of the outbreak (modified from statutory LTLAs, see following section). abstract: Aims: to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 cases in England; to provide spatial quantification of risk at a high resolution; to provide information for prospective antigen and serological testing. Approach: We fit a spatiotemporal Negative Binomial generalised linear model to Public Health England SARS-CoV-2 testing data at the Lower Tier Local Authority region level. We assume an order-1 autoregressive model for case progression within regions, coupling discrete spatial units via observed commuting data and time-varying measures of traffic flow. We fit the model via maximum likelihood estimation in order to calculate region-specific risk of ongoing transmission, as well as measuring regional uncertainty in incidence. Results: We detect marked heterogeneity across England in COVID-19 incidence, not only in raw estimated incidence, but in the characteristics of within-region and between-region dynamics of PHE testing data. There is evidence for a spatially diverse set of regions having a higher daily increase of cases than others, having accounted for current case numbers, population size, and human mobility. Uncertainty in model estimates is generally greater in rural regions. Conclusions: A wide range of spatial heterogeneity in COVID-19 epidemic distribution and infection rate exists in England currently. Future work should incorporate fine-scaled demographic and health covariates, with continued improvement in spatially-detailed case reporting data. The method described here may be used to measure heterogeneity in real-time as behavioural and social interventions are relaxed, serving to identify "hotspots" of resurgent cases occurring in diverse areas of the country, and triggering locally-intensive surveillance and interventions as needed. Caveats: There is general concern over the ability of PHE testing data to capture the true prevalence of infection within the population, though this approach is designed to provide measures of spatial prevalence based on testing that can be used to guide further future testing effort. Now-casts of epidemic characteristics are presented based on testing data alone (as opposed to "true" prevalence in any one area). The model used in this analysis is phenomenological for ease and speed of principled parameter inference; we choose the model which best fits the current spatial case timeseries, without attempting to enforce "SIR"-type epidemic dynamics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.20102715 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.15.20102715 id: cord-319865-g3qxu6uv author: Frountzas, Maximos title: Personal protective equipment against COVID-19: Vital for surgeons, harmful for patients? date: 2020-09-21 words: 1309.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319865-g3qxu6uv.txt summary: All surgical societies published specific criteria about high-risk surgical procedures and management of oncologic patients with alternative treatment options, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, after discussion by virtual Tumor Boards, that included surgeons, medical oncologists and radiologists [3] . Therefore, the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), followed by most GI surgical communities all over the world, suggested the following PPE during GI surgery of a confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 patient [7] : Surgical gowns, caps and shoe covers for skin and clothing protection. In addition, 91.3% of the healthcare workers with a primary headache in the past, reported that the prolonged (over 4 hours) use of PPE during COVID-19 outburst worsened their headaches and affected their job performance [9] . The PPE-associated discomfort and side effects during surgery may increase surgeons'' anxiety and fatigue while performing difficult operations. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002961020305833 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.014 id: cord-312183-zkoj5d8c author: Frydman, Galit H. title: Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 words: 4474.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312183-zkoj5d8c.txt summary: Recent studies have shown severe pulmonary and cardiac pathology, associated with increased thrombosis, is prevalent in African Americans with severe COVID-19. 65 Although clinical SCD is only present in an estimated 100 000 patients in the United States, the sickle cell trait is present in up to 8% of the African American population, with SCD flagged as an important risk factor for VTE. 87, 88 Among the population of African Americans who are infected with COVID-19, some of these patients may already reside in a prothrombotic state prior to COVID-19 because of higher baseline concentrations of FVIII, vWF, and D-dimer, as well as increased platelet activation. Coupled with the higher rate of preexisting conditions that predispose patients to higher rates of COVID-19 and disease, and the lower rate of therapeutic anticoagulation even when warranted, variation in coagulation status may be one of the factors that puts African Americans at higher risk. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) is known to induce severe inflammation and activation of the coagulation system, resulting in a prothrombotic state. Although inflammatory conditions and organ-specific diseases have been shown to be strong determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, it is unclear whether preexisting differences in coagulation impact the severity of COVID-19. African Americans have higher rates of COVID-19 infection and disease-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, African Americans are known to be at a higher risk for thrombotic events due to both biological and socioeconomic factors. In this review, we explore whether differences in baseline coagulation status and medical management of coagulation play an important role in COVID-19 disease severity and contribute to racial disparity trends within COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620943671 doi: 10.1177/1076029620943671 id: cord-270723-cjfglili author: Fteiha, Bashar title: QTc prolongation among hydroxychloroquine sulfate‐treated COVID‐19 patients: An observational study date: 2020-10-15 words: 3317.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt summary: Age > 65 years, congestive heart failure, severity of disease, C‐reactive protein level, hypokalemia and furosemide treatment, were all associated with QTc prolongation. CONCLUSION: In patients treated with HCQ, QTc prolongation was associated with the presence of traditional risk factors such as hypokalemia and furosemide treatment. All rights reserved Univariate analysis revealed that in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ, age above 65 years, severe or critical illness, congestive heart failure, hypokalemia, furosemide treatment and increased CRP level were all significantly associated with the composite endpoint (Table 2) . However, multivariate analysis in this small dataset also suggested that in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ, concomitant hypokalemia and furosemide treatment were strongly associated with QTc prolongation. In conclusion, our study shows that QTc prolongation among HCQ-treated patients was associated with traditional, modifiable risk factors such as hypokalemia and furosemide treatment which are both commonly observed in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The liberal administration of hydroxychloroquine‐sulphate (HCQ) to COVID‐19 patients has raised concern regarding the risk of QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias, particularly when prescribed with azithromycin. We evaluated the incidence of QTc prolongation among moderately and severely ill COVID‐19 patients treated with HCQ and of the existence of concomitant alternative causes. METHODS: All COVID‐19 patients treated with HCQ (between Mar 1 and Apr 14, 2020) in a tertiary medical center were included. Clinical characteristics and relevant risk factors were collected from the electronic medical records. Individual patient QTc intervals were determined before and after treatment with HCQ. The primary outcome measure sought was a composite endpoint comprised of either an increase ≥ 60 milliseconds (ms) in the QTc interval compared with pretreatment QTc, and/or a maximal QTc interval >500 ms. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included. Median age was 65 years (IQR 55‐75) and 57 (63%) were male. Thirty‐nine patients (43%) were severely or critically ill. Hypertension and obesity were common (n=23 each, 26%). QTc prolongation evolved in fourteen patients (16%). Age > 65 years, congestive heart failure, severity of disease, C‐reactive protein level, hypokalemia and furosemide treatment, were all associated with QTc prolongation. Adjusted analysis showed that QTc prolongation was five times more likely with hypokalemia [OR 5, (95% CI, 1.3‐20)], and three times more likely with furosemide treatment [ OR 3 (95% CI, 1.01‐13.7)]. CONCLUSION: In patients treated with HCQ, QTc prolongation was associated with the presence of traditional risk factors such as hypokalemia and furosemide treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063447/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13767 id: cord-308892-5gbjdr0u author: Fu, Lin title: Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study date: 2020-04-06 words: 2660.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308892-5gbjdr0u.txt summary: title: Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver injury (ALI), its association with death risk and prognosis after discharge. Despite of no difference on serum TBA, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase, two markers of cholestasis, were higher in critically ill patients than those of common cases. The present study aimed to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI, its association with death risk and the prognosis after discharge. The major findings of this study include: (1) ALI is more common in the critically ill COVID-19 patients; (2) Accumulating data demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused multiple organ injuries, including myocardial dysfunction, lymphopenia and even acute renal These results provide evidence that ALI on admission is associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with multiple organ injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver injury (ALI), its association with death risk and prognosis after discharge. Methods: Three-hundred and fifty-five COVID-19 patients were recruited. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. ALI was evaluated and its prognosis was tracked. The association between ALI and death risk was analyzed. Results: Of 355 COVID-19 patients, 211 were common, 88 severe, and 51 critical ill cases, respectively. On admission, 223 (62.8%) patients were with hypoproteinemia, 151(42.5%) with cholestasis, and 101 (28.5%) with hepatocellular injury. As expected, ALI was more common in critical ill patients. By multivariate logistic regression, male, older age and lymphocyte reduction were three important independent risk factors predicting ALI among COVID-19 patients. Death risk analysis shows that fatality rate was higher among patients with hypoproteinemia than those without hypoproteinemia (RR=9.471, P<0.001). Moreover, fatality rate was higher among patients with cholestasis than those without cholestasis (RR=2.182, P<0.05). Follow-up observation found that more than one hepatic functional indexes of two-third patients remained abnormal 14 days after discharge. Conclusions: ALI at early stage elevates death risk of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI has not recovered completely 14 days after discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050997 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050997 id: cord-289101-ko1knslk author: Fu, Weihui title: An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-κ plus TFF2 with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 words: 6194.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt summary: Our previous clinical pilot study indicated that aerosol inhalation of IFN-k plus TFF2 is a safe treatment and is able to significantly facilitate clinical improvement, including cough relief, CT imaging improvement, and viral RNA reversion, thereby resulting in an early release from hospitalization without induction of a proinflammatory response [20] . This study demonstrated that the combination inhalation of IFN-k and TFF2 is able to shorten the time of viral RNA negative conversion and CT improvement, and facilitating patients early discharge from the hospital, in the absence of induction of a proinflammatory response and treatment-related adverse events. The primary endpoint was a significantly shorter time (Mean 3¢80 days, 95% CI 2¢07À5¢53) from the start of the study treatment to viral RNA negative conversion for SARS-CoV-2 in all clinical samples, including nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs and stool swabs, in experimental group than in control group (7¢40 days, 95% CI 4¢57À10¢23) (p = 0¢031), and difference between means was 3¢60 days (Fig. 2A) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemic outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 are worsening around the world, and there are no target drugs to treat COVID-19. IFN-κ inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2; and TFF2 is a small secreted polypeptide that promotes the repair of mucosal injury and reduces the inflammatory responses. We used the synergistic effect of both proteins to treat COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, randomized, clinical trial involving patients with moderate COVID-19. Patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either aerosol inhalation treatment with IFN-κ and TFF2 every 24 h for six consecutive dosages in addition to standard care (experimental group) or standard care alone (control group). The primary endpoint was the time until a viral RNA negative conversion for SARS-CoV-2 in all clinical samples. The secondary clinical endpoint was the time of CT imaging improvement. Data analysis was performed per protocol. This study was registered with chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030262. FINDINGS: Between March 23 and May 23 of 2020, 86 COVID-19 patients with symptoms of moderate illness were recruited, and 6 patients were excluded due to not matching the inclusion criteria (patients with pneumonia through chest radiography). Among the remaining 80 patients, 40 patients were assigned to experimental group, and the others were assigned to control group to only receive standard care. Efficacy and safety were evaluated for both groups. The time of viral RNA negative conversion in experimental group (Mean, 3·80 days, 95% CI 2·07–5·53), was significantly shorter than that in control group (7·40 days, 95% CI 4·57 to 10·23) (p = 0.031), and difference between means was 3·60 days. The percentage of patients in experimental group with reversion to negative viral RNA was significantly increased compared with control group on all sampling days (every day during the 12-day observation period) (p = 0·037). For the secondary endpoint, the experimental group had a significantly shorter time until improvement was seen by CT (Mean 6·21 days, N = 38/40, 95% CI 5·11–7·31) than that in control group (8·76 days, N = 34/40, 95% CI 7·57–9·96) (p = 0.002), and difference between means was 2·55 days. No discomfort or complications during aerosol inhalation were reported to the nurses by any experimental patients. INTERPRETATION: In conclusion, we found that aerosol inhalation of IFN-κ plus TFF2 in combination with standard care is safe and superior to standard care alone in shortening the time up to viral RNA negative conversion in all clinical samples. In addition, the patients in experimental group had a significantly shortened CT imaging improvement time than those in control group. This study suggested that this combination treatment is able to facilitate clinical improvement (negative for virus, improvement by CT, reduced hospitalization stay) and thereby result in an early release from the hospital. These data support the need for exploration with a large-scale trial of IFN-κ plus TFF2 to treat COVID-19. FUNDING: Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100547 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100547 id: cord-347225-gh51ag2x author: Fu, Weihui title: A clinical pilot study on the safety and efficacy of aerosol inhalation treatment of IFN-κ plus TFF2 in patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 4921.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt summary: INTERPRETATION: Aerosol inhalation of IFN-κ plus TFF2 is a safe treatment and is likely to significantly facilitate clinical improvement, including cough relief, CT imaging improvement, and viral RNA reversion, thereby achieves an early release from hospitalization. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal inhalation of TFF2 and IFN-k protein for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted an open-label, nonrandomized, clinical trial in adult patients hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 disease in China. In this trial, any AE from the beginning of aerosol inhalation to 5 days after the end of the last aerosol inhalation were taken as an adverse event during treatment (TEAE); The secondary objective of the pilot study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of IFN-k plus TFF2 as compared to the control group as assessed by days of hospitalization staying, CT imaging improvement and cough relief time and negative reversion of viral RNA after 10 days of treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a great challenge to global public health. New and effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to combat the disease. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, non-randomized, clinical trial involving moderate COVID-19 patients according to study protocol. Patients were assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive either aerosol inhalation treatment with IFN-κ and TFF2, every 48 h for three consecutive dosages, in addition to standard treatment (experimental group), or standard treatment alone (control group). The end point was the time to discharge from the hospital. This study is registered with chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000030262. FINDINGS: A total of thirty-three eligible COVID-19 patients were enrolled from February 1, 2020 to April 6, 2020, eleven were assigned to the IFN-κ plus TFF2 group, and twenty-two to the control group. Safety and efficacy were evaluated for both groups. No treatment-associated severe adverse effects (SAE) were observed in the group treated with aerosol inhalation of IFN-κ plus TFF2, and no significant differences in the safety evaluations were observed between experimental and control groups. CT imaging was performed in all patients with the median improvement time of 5(.)0 days (IQR 3(.)0–9(.)0) in the experimental group versus 8(.)5 days (IQR 3(.)0–17(.)0) in the control group (p<0(.)05). In addition, the experimental group had a significant shorten median time in cough relief (4(.)5 days [IQR 2(.)0–7(.)0]) than the control group did (10(.)0 days [IQR 6(.)0–21(.)0])(p<0(.)005), in viral RNA reversion of 6(.)0 days (IQR 2(.)0–13(.)0) in the experimental group vs 9.5 days (IQR 3(.)0–23(.)0) in the control group (p < 0(.)05), and in the median hospitalization stays of 12(.)0 days (IQR 7.0–20.0) in the experimental group vs 15(.)0 days (IQR 10.0–25.0) in the control group (p<0(.)001), respectively. INTERPRETATION: Aerosol inhalation of IFN-κ plus TFF2 is a safe treatment and is likely to significantly facilitate clinical improvement, including cough relief, CT imaging improvement, and viral RNA reversion, thereby achieves an early release from hospitalization. These data support to explore a scale-up trial with IFN-κ plus TFF2. FUNDING: National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100478 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100478 id: cord-344357-ocyaqs1y author: Fu, Yue-Qiang title: Effect of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-30 words: 4482.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344357-ocyaqs1y.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L was independently associated with mortality. The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count > 6.3×10 9 /L was independently associated with mortality. Another study also indicated that COVID-19 patients in the death group had significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission than the recovered group [8] . Collected information included: age; gender; concomitant disease; symptoms; hemoglobin; platelet; leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts; CRP, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4/8, CD19+, and CD16+56+;IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, C3, and C4 chest CT; alanine aminotransferase, creatinine; arterial blood gas; procalcitonin; and the result of the RT-PCR assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. abstract: INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Records were reviewed of 85 patients admitted with COVID-19 between February 4 and 16, 2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. RESULTS: Fourteen patients died. The baseline leukocyte count, neutrophil count and hemoglobin was significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors, while the reverse was true of lymphocyte count, platelet, PaO(2)/FiO(2), CD3+ count and CD4+ count. The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3×10(9)/L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count > 6.3×10(9)/L was independently associated with mortality. However, there were not significant difference in IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and the percentage of IgE > 100 IU/ml between the death group and survival group. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the following at baseline could significantly predict mortality: leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts. CONCLUSIONS: For hospitalized patients with COVID-19, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts that marked decrease suggest a poor outcome. Admission neutrophil count > 6.3 ×10(9)/L is independently associated with mortality. At admission, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts should receive added attention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33125396/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240751 id: cord-264967-a822exap author: Fu, Yue-qiang title: Impact of blood analysis and immune function on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 4383.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264967-a822exap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264967-a822exap.txt summary: Introduction: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with 2019-coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19). Another study also indicated that COVID-19 patients in the death group had significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission than the recovered group [7] , however they did not explore changes in lymphocyte subsets. The following blood parameters in the death group were significantly higher than in the survival group (Table 1) : total leukocyte count (P = 0.000); percentage of . In 53 patients who tested cellular immunity of the survival group after 2 weeks of hospitalization, the count of lymphocyte subsets returned to normal range in most patients (Table 7) . 16.20067587 doi: medRxiv preprint Compared with admission, after 2 weeks of hospitalization the blood routine examination of 67 patients in the group who survived showed neutrophil and lymphocyte count of most patients returned to the normal range. abstract: Introduction: This retrospective study investigated the implications of changes in blood parameters and cellular immune function in patients with 2019-coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19). Methods: Records were reviewed of 85 patients with COVID-19 between February 4 and 16, 2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality at 28 days. Results: Fourteen patients died. The baseline leukocyte count, neutrophil count and hemoglobin was significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors, while the reverse was true of lymphocyte count, platelet, PaO2/FiO2, CD3+ count and CD4+ count. The percentage of neutrophil count > 6.3*109/L in death group was significantly higher than that in survival group, and multivariate logistic regression showed neutrophil count was independently associated with mortality. However, there were not significant difference in IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and the percentage of IgE > 100 IU/ml between the death group and survival group. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the following at baseline could significantly predict mortality: leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts. Conclusions: For patients with COVID-19, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts that marked decrease suggest a poor outcome. A high neutrophil count is independently associated with mortality. At admission, leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+ and CD4+ counts should receive added attention. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20067587 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20067587 id: cord-354534-0b7zwzjv author: Fuccillo, E title: Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review date: 2020-09-15 words: 2847.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354534-0b7zwzjv.txt summary: The patients, intervention, comparison and outcomes (''PICO'') criteria for the review were considered as follows: (1) patientspatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection certified on laboratory tests who underwent a clinical evaluation of smell impairment using anamnestic data, a smell questionnaire and/or olfactory tests; (2) interventionclinical evaluation of olfactory disorders; (3) comparisondifferent methods of evaluating olfactory function (subjective and objective); and (4) outcomeprevalence and characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in Covid-19 patients. The reported data show that smell dysfunction was, overall, more prevalent in patients investigated with validated questionnaires and/or tests with odorants (Table 3 ), compared to PubMed (("COVID" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-COV-2" OR "coronavirus")) AND ("smell" or "anosmia" or "dysosmia" or "hyposmia" or "parosmia" or "olfaction" or "olfactory") The Journal of Laryngology & Otology individuals evaluated using anamnestic data, simple surveys and/or non-validated questionnaires. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent scientific literature has widely described a possible major role of smell dysfunction as a specific symptom of coronavirus disease 2019. This systematic review may provide a more holistic approach to current knowledge of the disease. METHODS: A systematic review was completed using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases that considered original articles focused on olfactory evaluation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, published between March and May 2020, in English language. RESULTS: From the 483 research papers initially identified, 32 original studies were selected, comprising a total of 17 306 subjects with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 6 to 6452 patients. This comprehensive analysis confirmed that olfactory disorders represent an important clinical feature in coronavirus disease 2019, with a prevalence of 11–100 per cent in included patients, although there was heterogeneity in terms of assessment tools and population selection criteria. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that an accurate clinical evaluation should be carried out using structured questionnaires and tests with olfactory substances. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120002005 doi: 10.1017/s0022215120002005 id: cord-326636-l41qzggh author: Fudulu, Daniel P. title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus date: 2020-04-25 words: 1513.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326636-l41qzggh.txt summary: Due to its effective transmission, more than a third of the global population is currently in lockdown as part of a mitigation strategy that aims to reduce the capacity of the virus to kill by increasing the ability of the health services to cope with the surge in cases. Sadly, doctors, including cardiac surgeons 5 died from the coronavirus, and many others will likely lose the battle with the virus in the future. A new challenge is operating on patients that are Covid-19 positive or suspected as high risk for the disease. We are dealing with a new disease in our cardiac surgical patients, and we have no understanding of it. There is no research into short term and long term outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery that are Covid-19 positive. abstract: The current Covid‐19 pandemic is a significant global health threat. The outbreak has profoundly affected all healthcare professionals, including heart surgeons. To adapt to these exceptional circumstances, cardiac surgeons had to change their practice significantly. We herein discuss the challenges and broad implications of the Covid‐19 pandemic from the perspective of the heart surgeons. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14580 doi: 10.1111/jocs.14580 id: cord-326029-oya0fc6d author: Fuentenebro, Pablo title: Will philanthropy save us all? Rethinking urban philanthropy in a time of crisis date: 2020-09-22 words: 3781.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326029-oya0fc6d.txt summary: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, billionaires, celebrities and philanthropy at large were quick to react, organising local and international campaigns to mobilise funds and put the spotlight on a global health issue that, as we would only come to realize much later, most governments outside Asia were too slow to react to: from the initial $125 million donated by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to the $14.5 million by Jack Ma -former CEO and founder of e-commerce portal Ali Baba-to the $1 billion pledged by Twitter CEO and cofounder Jack Dorsey, the list of donations, pledges and commitments made by the super-rich read almost like Forbes'' Top 25 billionaires list. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, while it would be hard to deny that philanthropy has supported or, at times, filled in a vacuum left by local (and even) national governments -providing resources and funds to cities and community-based organizations-often times the ways in which such engagements and partnerships have been articulated has raised a number of questions on the role of philanthropy in urban governance (Sandler, 2020; Teachout and Garofalo, 2020) . abstract: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, philanthropy has been quick to react to the call for help from Governments and International Organisations. And yet, despite the overwhelming response, increasing attention has been brought to the intricate ways in which philanthropists and billionaires have been asserting their presence through their actions and influence in different spheres of power. In this commentary, I challenge the idea that philanthropy can be the solution to all of our problems, and highlight some of the problematic issues that emerge when philanthropy is put at the forefront of the discussion. Also, I point out to other elements that have been left out, including the wave of collective solidarity that has been channelled through mutual aid groups and organisations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.005 doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.07.005 id: cord-291187-8mbvmw0u author: Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro title: The Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players date: 2020-09-11 words: 4014.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291187-8mbvmw0u.txt summary: This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivity. Then, this study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess game. This research aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players, based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess game. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered a pandemic, jeopardizing global health. The sports world is also suffering enormous consequences, such as the suspension of the Olympic Games in Tokyo or, in chess, the cancelation of the World Candidates Tournament 2020. Chess is a sport characterized by high psychophysiological demands derived from long training durations, tournaments, and games, leading to mental, emotional, and physical stress. These characteristics could provide chess players a certain advantage in facing quarantine situations. This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. We analyzed chess players (N: 450; age = 38.12 ± 14.01 years) in countries where confinement was mandatory: Professional players (N: 55; age = 43.35 ± 13), high-performance players (N: 53; age = 38.57 ± 13.46), competitive players (N: 284; age = 36.82 ± 13.91), and amateur players (N: 58; age = 39.10 ± 14.99). Results showed that chess players significantly decreased physical activity per day while increased chess practise during the confinement period. However, anxiety levels remained moderate despite the anti-stress effects of physical activity. Amateur players showed a significantly higher level of social alarm than professional and high-performance players. Moreover, professional players showed higher values of extraversion than high-performance players and amateur players. In neuroticism, professional players showed higher values than high-performance players. In addition, the professional players showed higher scores in psychological inflexibility than competitive players. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013500/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812 id: cord-257824-qz6yxuph author: Fuertes, Víctor title: Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report date: 2020-05-19 words: 3485.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257824-qz6yxuph.txt summary: title: Current impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Spanish plastic surgery departments: a multi-center report The total amount of procedures currently being performed ranged from 0 to 44% of the figures before the coronavirus outbreak, except for one department, with elective surgery mainly affected. The total amount of procedures currently being performed ranged from 0 to 44% of the figures before the coronavirus outbreak (Fig. 1a, b) ; except for one hospital, that was declared to maintain the same surgical activity (100%). Some of the more prevalent measures include screening protocols for Coronavirus among patients and workers, increasing hygiene measures, reducing the number of visitors per patient, directing burn patients who tested positive to other units and trying to apply day-care/ delay surgeries whenever this is possible. This might pose a challenge against the delivery of emergency surgeries and cancer care to our community if this pandemic lasts for a prolonged period long time According to our analysis, reductions of about 20-50% in the total number of consultants per team may lead to this situation. abstract: BACKGROUND: After its initial description in China, Covid-19 is hitting nations across the world, with Spain as the third country in number of deaths, after the USA and Italy. Similarly to what is happening in other countries, an important reduction in available operating rooms is affecting our departments. In this study, we aim to know how Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the delivery of plastic surgery services in Spain. METHODS: A questionnaire addressing some of our concerns about how the Coronavirus crisis might severelyimpact our specialty has been sent to the heads of the divisions of plastic surgery of several hospitals across Spain. RESULTS: A total of 12 plastic surgery departments from different hospitals across the country agreed to participate in the survey. Most plastic surgery teams will need to maintain 50–80% of their staff in order to be able to offer emergency and undelayable oncological procedures. The total amount of procedures currently being performed ranged from 0 to 44% of the figures before the coronavirus outbreak, except for one department, with elective surgery mainly affected. Microsurgical cases have been massively discontinued during this crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic surgery delivery in the Spanish Health System is being severely impacted as a collateral damage from this pandemic. Most of the elective surgery is currently stopped. Our departments seem to be vulnerable regarding their capacity to keep offering emergency care. Level of evidence: not ratable (multi-center survey) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836886/ doi: 10.1007/s00238-020-01686-0 id: cord-320912-jfeu4tho author: Fukui, M. title: Power Laws in Superspreading Events: Evidence from Coronavirus Outbreaks and Implications for SIR Models date: 2020-06-12 words: 11777.0 sentences: 786.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320912-jfeu4tho.txt summary: This paper documents evidence from recent coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, that SSEs follow a power law distribution with fat tails, or infinite variance. We then extend an otherwise standard SIR model with estimated power law distributions, and show that idiosyncratic uncertainties in SSEs will lead to large aggregate uncertainties in infection dynamics, even with large populations. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128058 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 plots the predicted ranking of infection cases given the estimated negative binomial (NB) distribution, in addition to the log-log plots and estimated power law (PL) distributions. The mean is set to the same value as power law case, R 0 = 2.5, Figure 4a shows 10 sample paths of infected population generated through the simulation of the model with α = 1.1. abstract: While they are rare, superspreading events (SSEs), wherein a few primary cases infect an extraordinarily large number of secondary cases, are recognized as a prominent determinant of aggregate infection rates (R0). Existing stochastic SIR models incorporate SSEs by fitting distributions with thin tails, or finite variance, and therefore predicting almost deterministic epidemiological outcomes in large populations. This paper documents evidence from recent coronavirus outbreaks, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19, that SSEs follow a power law distribution with fat tails, or infinite variance. We then extend an otherwise standard SIR model with estimated power law distributions, and show that idiosyncratic uncertainties in SSEs will lead to large aggregate uncertainties in infection dynamics, even with large populations. That is, the timing and magnitude of outbreaks will be unpredictable. While such uncertainties have social costs, we also find that they on average decrease the herd immunity thresholds and the cumulative infections because per-period infection rates have decreasing marginal effects. Our findings have implications for social distancing interventions: targeting SSEs reduce not only the average rate of infection (R0) but also its uncertainty. To understand this effect, and to improve inference of the average reproduction numbers under fat tails, estimating the tail distribution of SSEs is vital. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.20128058v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128058 id: cord-273492-i483r91m author: Fulzele, Sadanand title: COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile date: 2020-05-09 words: 3637.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273492-i483r91m.txt summary: In this study, we did in silico analysis of human miRNAs targeting SARS (4 isolates) and COVID-19 (29 recent isolates from different regions) genome and correlated our findings with aging and underlying conditions. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 targeting human miRNAs involved in various age-related signaling and diseases. Based on the above reports, we did in silico analysis of miRNAs targeting SARS and COVID-19 (recent isolates from different regions) to understand the pathophysiology and identify novel therapeutic targets. In a previous report, host cellular miRNAs-181 binds to the ORF-4 region at the viral genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to inhibit its replication [17] . Both KEGG and GO pathway analysis revealed that COVID-19 targeting human cellular miRNAs are involved in the number of age-related complications. abstract: The World health organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic and a severe public health crisis. Drastic measures to combat COVID-19 are warranted due to its contagiousness and higher mortality rates, specifically in the aged patient population. At the current stage, due to the lack of effective treatment strategies for COVID-19 innovative approaches need to be considered. It is well known that host cellular miRNAs can directly target both viral 3'UTR and coding region of the viral genome to induce the antiviral effect. In this study, we did in silico analysis of human miRNAs targeting SARS (4 isolates) and COVID-19 (29 recent isolates from different regions) genome and correlated our findings with aging and underlying conditions. We found 848 common miRNAs targeting the SARS genome and 873 common microRNAs targeting the COVID-19 genome. Out of a total of 848 miRNAs from SARS, only 558 commonly present in all COVID-19 isolates. Interestingly, 315 miRNAs are unique for COVID-19 isolates and 290 miRNAs unique to SARS. We also noted that out of 29 COVID-19 isolates, 19 isolates have identical miRNA targets. The COVID-19 isolates, Netherland (EPI_ISL_422601), Australia (EPI_ISL_413214), and Wuhan (EPI_ISL_403931) showed six, four, and four unique miRNAs targets, respectively. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 targeting human miRNAs involved in various age-related signaling and diseases. Recent studies also suggested that some of the human miRNAs targeting COVID-19 decreased with aging and underlying conditions. GO and KEGG identified impaired signaling pathway may be due to low abundance miRNA which might be one of the contributing factors for the increasing severity and mortality in aged individuals and with other underlying conditions. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate some of these targets and identify potential therapeutic targets. url: https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2020.0428 doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0428 id: cord-267856-t3ksa18w author: Funk, Colin D. title: A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes date: 2020-08-06 words: 4340.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267856-t3ksa18w.txt summary: We offer a simple treatment paradigm using two generic drugs targeting the hyperinflammatory response that characterizes the turning point from mild to severe/critical COVID-19 by targeting leukotriene biosynthesis with zileuton (Zyflo(®) controlled release formulation) and antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor with montelukast (Singulair(®)). By targeting vascular permeability, immune modulating and general inflammation-dampening effects at the CysLT 1 level with montelukast (Dahleń et al., 1981; Maeba et al., 2005; Capra et al., 2007; Tahan et al., 2008; Khodir et al., 2014) and LT biosynthesis with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton, to block both arms of the LT pathway ( Figure 2 ) and remove ligands for another key receptor regulating vascular permeability, CysLT 2 (Moos et al., 2008) , as well as inflammatory cell recruitment and endothelial cell adhesion via BLT 1 receptor (Ford-Hutchinson et al., 1980; Tager et al., 2003; Taube et al., 2006; Sasaki and Yokomizo, 2019) , there is a sound scientific basis for alleviating disease progression from mild to severe-critical stages of COVID-19 (Figures 1 and 2) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc during the global pandemic of 2020 infecting millions and leaving over a half million dead. As a new virus, not previously in the human population, but with similarities to other coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS/ARDS), and no known treatments, the race to re-purpose existing drugs and to enlist novel therapeutics is underway. In the half-year since the first cases, we have acquired substantial knowledge of this virus and the clinical course of COVID-19 progression. Results from early clinical trials have revealed two treatments (remdesivir, dexamethasone) that mitigate disease progression but clearly, there is much room for improvement. Initial case reports indicated many succumb to COVID-19 of hypoxic respiratory failure due to ARDS. However, ensuing studies revealed an atypical, immune cell-sequestered, vasculature-inflamed state leading to multiorgan thrombotic complications and end organ failure likely due to hyperinflammatory host responses. This Perspective focuses on a potential mechanism for a key COVID-19 disease progression turning point related to vascular and airway inflammation. The leukotriene lipid mediators have been overlooked with discussion centering on cytokine storms unleashing the deadly form of COVID-19. Leukotrienes possess some of the most potent known activities on immune cell trafficking and vascular leakage. We offer a simple treatment paradigm using two generic drugs targeting the hyperinflammatory response that characterizes the turning point from mild to severe/critical COVID-19 by targeting leukotriene biosynthesis with zileuton (Zyflo(®) controlled release formulation) and antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor with montelukast (Singulair(®)). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32848802/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01214 id: cord-269835-mz7i66qp author: Furfaro, Federica title: SFED recommendations for IBD endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: Italian and French experience date: 2020-06-11 words: 7275.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269835-mz7i66qp.txt summary: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers. The panel of experts con sidered possible aerosolization during colonoscopy, in particular during the insertion and removal of instruments through the biopsy channel and the presence of the virus in the stool and advised on the use of N95 masks for lower gastrointestinal procedures as a precautionary measure to protect the endoscopist from the risk of possible COVID-19 transmission from the patient if infected by SARS-CoV-2 (ref. abstract: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. Several preventive measures must be taken to avoid the spread of infection among health-care professionals and patients with IBD, including the use of personal protective equipment, greater attention to endoscopic room hygiene and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures. This Perspective aims to provide a guide based on the Italian and French experience to better face the difficulties encountered by endoscopists during this global health emergency. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528139/ doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0319-3 id: cord-303572-5np6373x author: Furstenburg, Phillip P. title: Emergency centre reorganization in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic: A district hospital’s dynamic adaptation response date: 2020-09-16 words: 1561.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303572-5np6373x.txt summary: 1 This report describes the physical reorganisation of the EC at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district-level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, in preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes the physical reorganisation of the emergency centre at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes the physical reorganisation of the emergency centre at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The preparation included the identification of a person under investigation (PUI) room, converting short stay wards into COVID-19 isolation areas, and relocating the paediatric section to an area outside the emergency centre. The preparation included the identification of a person under investigation (PUI) room, converting short stay wards into COVID-19 isolation areas, and relocating the paediatric section to an area outside the emergency centre. abstract: The COVID-19 global pandemic forced healthcare facilities to put special isolation measures in place to limit nosocomial transmission. Cohorting is such a measure and refers to placing infected patients (or under investigation) together in a designated area. This report describes the physical reorganisation of the emergency centre at Khayelitsha Hospital, a district level hospital in Cape Town, South Africa in preparation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The preparation included the identification of a person under investigation (PUI) room, converting short stay wards into COVID-19 isolation areas, and relocating the paediatric section to an area outside the emergency centre. Finally, we had to divide the emergency centre into a respiratory and non-respiratory side by utilising part of the hospital’s main reception. We are positive that the preparation and reorganization of the emergency centre will limit nosocomial transmission during the expected COVID-19 surge. Our experience in adapting to COVID-19 may have useful implications for ECs throughout South Africa and in low-and-middle income countries that are preparing for this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33054265/ doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2514 id: cord-339550-0yrb4qrh author: Félix-Oliveira, Afonso title: Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle date: 2020-04-23 words: 751.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339550-0yrb4qrh.txt summary: By April 12, a total of 16 585 cases had been confirmed in Portugal; 504 individuals (3.0% of those confirmed as infected) had succumbed to COVID-19 and 228 (1.4%) were in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although the anticipated bottleneck in the care of COVID-19 patients was ICU beds and ventilators, healthcare workers, including cardiology professionals, are being assigned to tasks unrelated to their specialized training in order to compensate for the structural shortage of human resources in healthcare. 4,5 These patients have been strongly advised to stay at home and self-isolate to avoid being infected, in an effort to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, on a week-by-week analysis, there was a trend for increasing number of deaths during March 2020, anticipating the expected rise in mortality in the following weeks ( Figure 2A ). 2, 9 Cardiovascular-related symptoms are usually among the most frequent in the ER, and cardiovascular mortality is the leading cause of death in Portugal. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0870255120301566 doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.04.008 id: cord-272426-0bpod47w author: GEMCIOGLU, Emin title: Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-16 words: 1044.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272426-0bpod47w.txt summary: title: Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19? METHODS: : In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with type 1 interferon for multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. DISCUSSION: : This report supports the idea of using type 1 interferon in the treatment could be effective in COVID-19 affected patients. Effect of type 1 interferon (such as IFN-α and IFN-β) therapy as a potential treatment against coronavirus (COVID-19, MERS and SARS) was shown in many studies and researches are maintaining, more comprehensive data will be available soon [1, 2, 3] . A recently published study has supported that type 1 interferons can be used as a potential therapy against COVID-19 [1] . This case made us consider that interferon therapy might have favorable effect on severity of symptoms and length of hospital stay of patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: : The Coronavirus (COVID-19), (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has been spreading worldwide since its first identification in China. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for the pandemic reasoned respiratory insufficiency and death. At first, it was thought that the patients who use immunmodulator therapy could be even at higher risks of disease complications. However, it has been also speculated about that using immunmodulators could be an advantage for the clinical prognosis. Therefore, several immunmodulators are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. METHODS: : In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with type 1 interferon for multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. RESULTS: : Despite using immunmodulator, the symptoms of the patient at hospitalization were mild and he did not show elevated D-dimer, and there was no lymphopenia. He was discharged to home-quarantine with no symptoms. DISCUSSION: : This report supports the idea of using type 1 interferon in the treatment could be effective in COVID-19 affected patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102196 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102196 id: cord-289175-n95j94ck author: GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title: Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date: 2020-03-26 words: 3596.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt summary: Scarcity of health resources not only places COVID-19 patients at risk but will also delay care for patients with urgent needs such as for cancer, diabetes, and heart disease-and even affect safe delivery for pregnant women. This concept was encapsulated by the National Academy of Medicine as "crisis standards of care," defined as the "optimal level of care that can be delivered during a catastrophic event, requiring substantial change in usual health care operations." 4 In jurisdictions with declared public health emergencies, 5 crisis standards of care provide a mechanism for reallocating staff, facilities, and supplies to meet population needs. Second, beyond health workers, decisions about who is tested or who receives treatment must center on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (public health), protection of individuals at highest risk, meeting societal needs, and promoting social justice. Protecting public health may mean prioritizing resources for people in confined settings (such as homeless shelters, prisons, and nursing homes), where the virus can spread rapidly from person to person. abstract: Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified COVID‐19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties? url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32219845/ doi: 10.1002/hast.1090 id: cord-298191-sqfx171j author: Ga, Hyuk title: The Korean Geriatrics Society COVID-19 Strategy for Older Adults date: 2020-06-26 words: 709.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298191-sqfx171j.txt summary: strategies for long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) among those for LTCFs. LTCHs are a wide-spread unique form of hospitals for frail and activities of daily living (ADL)-dependent older people in Korea; however, we assumed that the strategies for LTCHs are similar to those for LTCFs (nursing homes). 12, 13) Second, we emphasized the importance of wearing facemasks regularly even in encounters with older adults or healthcare workers without respiratory symptoms, as 5% to 75% of positive cases are reportedly asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. In addition, the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a temporary regulation that permits telephone-based consultation and prescription and covers half of the expenses for COVID-19 testing for all new inpatients of LTCHs. 11) On May 2, 2020, the KCDC announced zero positive cases from randomly-screened samples from among 6,544 residents and care assistants of 46 LTCHs in the Seoul area. COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.20.0031 doi: 10.4235/agmr.20.0031 id: cord-348246-prwg2wvm author: Gabriel, Andrade title: The role of psychiatrists in addressing COVID-19 conspiracy theories date: 2020-09-01 words: 1201.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348246-prwg2wvm.txt summary: Research has established that people who are prone to accept conspiracy theories are predisposed to suffer from Paranoid Personality Disorder (Darwin et al, 2011) . People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder are frequently uninterested in meaningful social relationships, but they tend to compensate that by having a rich inner mental life; in this endeavor, they may fantasize with conspiracy theories, and ultimately come to believe them very strongly. People who accept already circulating conspiracy theories are not necessarily pathological, but people who come up with such theories in the first place, are more likely to suffer from mental disorders. Therefore, even if belief in conspiracy theories about COVID-19 is not necessarily pathological, one effective way of (at least partially) eradicating such beliefs is by contributing to a more robust public mental health. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820305177?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102404 id: cord-283477-6clp5nz7 author: Gabrielson, Andrew T. title: Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 3113.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283477-6clp5nz7.txt summary: For students who struggled with the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, these elective and visiting rotations offer a crucial opportunity to demonstrate their clinical acumen and make their residency applications more competitive. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. A delay in the initial download date by even a month would allow students the opportunity to have additional clinical experiences, which would aid both their specialty decision-making process and the competitiveness of their application. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges to the delivery of undergraduate medical education, particularly for current third-year medical students who are preparing to apply to residency. In mid-March, medical schools suspended all clinical rotations for the remainder of the 2019–2020 academic year. As such, third-year medical students may not be able to complete sufficient clinical experiences to make important career choices before they have to submit their residency applications. While the decision to suspend clinical rotations was necessary to protect students, specialty organizations and residency programs must mitigate the deficits in students’ clinical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Perspective, the authors identify potential challenges for third-year medical students and advocate for solutions to improve the residency application process for students and programs. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. Second, the authors recommend a restriction on the number of visiting rotations that students are expected to complete to allow for a more equitable distribution of these important experiences. Third, they suggest that program directors from each specialty agree on a maximum number of applications per applicant (based on historical data) to curb an upsurge in applications that may stem from the unique circumstances created by COVID-19 without causing applicants undue stress. Lastly, the authors advocate that residency programs develop infrastructure to conduct video-based interviews and engage students through virtual networking events. Amidst the unique environment created by COVID-19, the authors urge governing bodies, specialty organizations, and residency programs to consider these recommendations to improve the efficiency and reduce the stress surrounding the 2021 Match. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003520 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003520 id: cord-280029-g1k3zlax author: Gabutti, Giovanni title: Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 words: 5006.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280029-g1k3zlax.txt summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS is caused by a virus that emerged in southern China in November 2002 and led to [ 8000 human infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries in the 2002-2003 period [3] ; MERS is related to a virus detected for the first time in Saudi Arabia in 2012, responsible for 2494 laboratoryconfirmed cases of infection and 858 deaths since September 2012 [4] . On January 11 and 12, 2020, the WHO received further details and information from the Chinese National Health Commission regarding the possible association of this epidemic with exposure in a fish market in Wuhan, and the Chinese authorities shared the genetic sequence of a new coronavirus, subsequently identified as SARS-CoV-2 [14] . abstract: In December 2019, some cases of viral pneumonia were epidemiologically related to a new coronavirus in the province of Hubei, China. Subsequently, there has been an increase in infections attributable to this virus throughout China and worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This appears to be a virus from Rhinolophus bats, but the intermediate host has not yet been identified. The mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known; it appears to have affinity for cells located in the lower airways, where it replicates. The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. As of March 10, 2020, the number of cases worldwide was 113,702. Along with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 appears to cause a severe clinical picture in humans, ranging from mild malaise to death by sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome. The prognosis is worse in elderly patients with comorbidities. To date, there is no specific therapy for COVID-19. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection implies strategies that limit the spread of the virus. WHO and other international and national bodies have developed continuously updated strategic objectives and provisions to contain the spread of the virus and infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5 doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00295-5 id: cord-345083-f2jzho3i author: Gachohi, John title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa date: 2020-10-24 words: 1043.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345083-f2jzho3i.txt summary: title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East Africa Following the initial reports of the cases in March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic curve grew slowly in the lead phase lasting three months between mid-March and mid-June 2020 in response to intensive public health responses mounted to contain the disease spread in Kenya 1 . Manuscript title: Public health challenges posed by delays in obtaining COVID-19 clearance for long-distance truckers across East AfricaThe authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers'' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590113320300237 doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100039 id: cord-338602-6n309bnp author: Gadotti, Ana Carolina title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-23 words: 2888.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt summary: title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection We proposed a study in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection to evaluate the interleukin patterns and its role as prognosis factors. A reasonable hypothesis is that (i) pro-inflammatory innate immunity and (ii) anti-inflammatory system are related to disease severity or death once IL-6, IL-8, and IL10 are closely described as prognostic factors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 1, 3, 7 . Previous studies have not reported the association between IFN-γ and death, even evaluating the COVID-19-reactive CD69+ expressing IFN-γ producing CD8+ T in 25 patients with severe and moderate disease 22 . Suppressed T cell-mediated immunity in patients with COVID-19: A clinical retrospective study in Wuhan Levels of cytokines from patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection according to the outcome (data in the median with IQR) abstract: BACKGROUND: Innate and adaptive immune responses have been evaluated in infected patients with COVID-19. The severity of the disease has been supposed to be associated with some profile not reported with other bacterial and viral pneumonia. We proposed a study in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection to evaluate the interleukin patterns and its role as prognosis factors. METHODS: A prospective cohort with moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 infection from June to July 2020. Blood samples from patients were collected regularly to evaluate IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10. Clinical, laboratory, radiological data, and outcomes were recorded. The outcome variable was in-hospital death, survival, mechanical ventilation, and admission at the intensive care unit. Data are presented in median and interquartile range [IQR]. RESULTS: We evaluated the Th1 and Th2 responses according to evolution, distinguishing possible predictive markers. The IFN-γ median of 323 pg/mL [IQR 166-570] was found in patients who died and 208 pg/mL [IQR 155-392] in the survival group (p = 0.017). IFN-γ was also higher in the early stages of the disease (394 pg/mL [IQR 229-575] against 162 pg/mL [IQR 117-259], p < 0.001). IL-4 that was increased in late-stage (182 pg/mL [IQR 162-199] against 131 pg/mL [IQR 124-152], p < 0.001) but not associated with mortality. Also, death was also related to male gender (relative risk = 1.5 [95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.0]). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the activation of the host immune response between Th1 or Th2 in COVID-19 infection may be related to the final result between discharge or death. This implies an attempt to control cytokines, such as IFN-γ, with combined therapies for clinical treatment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170220310789?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198171 id: cord-303030-8unrcb1f author: Gaeta, Giuseppe title: Social distancing versus early detection and contacts tracing in epidemic management date: 2020-07-16 words: 11349.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303030-8unrcb1f.txt summary: In this paper we discuss the different effects of these ingredients on the epidemic dynamics; the discussion is conducted with the help of two simple models, i.e. the classical SIR model and the recently introduced variant A-SIR (arXiv:2003.08720) which takes into account the presence of a large set of asymptomatic infectives. In the SIR model [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , a population of constant size (this means the analysis is valid over a relatively short time-span, or we should consider new births and also deaths not due to the epidemic) is subdivided in three classes: Susceptibles, Infected (and by this also Infectives), and Removed. Acting on α or on β to get the same γ will produce different timescales for the dynamics; see Fig. 1 , in which we have used values of the parameters resulting from our fit of early data for the Northern Italy COVID-19 epidemic [7] . abstract: Different countries – and sometimes different regions within the same countries – have adopted different strategies in trying to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic; these mix in variable parts social confinement, early detection and contact tracing. In this paper we discuss the different effects of these ingredients on the epidemic dynamics; the discussion is conducted with the help of two simple models, i.e. the classical SIR model and the recently introduced variant A-SIR (arXiv:2003.08720) which takes into account the presence of a large set of asymptomatic infectives. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.14102v3.pdf doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110074 id: cord-252914-51wvis1d author: Gaffney, Brian title: The impact of COVID-19 on clinical education of internal medicine trainees date: 2020-08-15 words: 1194.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252914-51wvis1d.txt summary: Prior to the pandemic, an average of 30 patients in a 24-h period were referred for assessment and potential admission by general internal medicine in the authors'' institution. The change in the assessment-to-admission ratio potentially reflects the above-mentioned pressures upon primary care providers during this time and the increased sensitivity required of triage processes to capture milder COVID-19 presentations during then-widespread community transmission. Moreover, during this time, each ward was assigned multiple senior decision-makers to improve patient flow through the hospital, thus reducing independence of the medical trainees as key decision-makers. In tandem with the increased burden on acute care services in the authors'' institution, outpatient clinics were scaled back due to redeployed staff/physical distancing/infection control constraints, and virtual telephone reviews replaced in-person patient visits. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted significantly on medical training, and this is likely reflected across the world in internal medicine and other speciality training programmes. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803649/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02350-z id: cord-353594-z1vxamvp author: Gagiannis, Daniel title: Clinical, Serological, and Histopathological Similarities Between Severe COVID-19 and Acute Exacerbation of Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD) date: 2020-10-02 words: 4997.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353594-z1vxamvp.txt summary: Since we observed similarities between COVID-19 and interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD), we investigated features of autoimmunity in SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. Patients or their relatives had given written informed consent to routine diagnostic procedures (serology, bronchoscopy, radiology) as well as (partial) autopsy in the case of death, respectively, as well as to the scientific use of data and tissue samples in the present study. Our finding that significant ANA titers and/or detection of specific autoantibodies are found in most patients who develop ARDS raises the question if there is a comparable mechanism of lung damage between SARS-CoV-2 infection and exacerbating autoimmune disease. Our observation of CTD-associated autoantibodies together with the CTD-like radiologic and histopathologic lung findings in severe cases of COVID-19 point towards a possible dysregulation of the immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection that might fuel organizing pneumonia and trigger interstitial fibrosis, with deleterious effects on the functional outcome in long-term survivors. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Understanding the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is indispensable for development of therapeutic strategies. Since we observed similarities between COVID-19 and interstitial lung disease in connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD), we investigated features of autoimmunity in SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 22 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 10 patients with non-COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Full laboratory testing was performed including autoantibody (AAB; ANA/ENA) screening using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot. Fifteen COVID-19 patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography. Transbronchial biopsies/autopsy tissue samples for histopathology and ultrastructural analyses were obtained from 4/3 cases, respectively. RESULTS: Thirteen (59.1%) patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and five patients (22.7%) died from the disease. ANA titers ≥1:320 and/or positive ENA immunoblots were detected in 11/13 (84.6%) COVID-19 patients with ARDS, in 1/9 (11.1%) COVID-19 patients without ARDS (p = 0.002) and in 4/10 (40%) patients with non-COVID-19-associated pneumonias (p = 0.039). Detection of AABs was significantly associated with a need for intensive care treatment (83.3 vs. 10%; p = 0.002) and occurrence of severe complications (75 vs. 20%, p = 0.03). Radiological and histopathological findings were highly heterogeneous including patterns reminiscent of exacerbating CTD-ILD, while ultrastructural analyses revealed interstitial thickening, fibroblast activation, and deposition of collagen fibrils. CONCLUSIONS: We are the first to report overlapping clinical, serological, and imaging features between severe COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of CTD-ILD. Our findings indicate that autoimmune mechanisms determine both clinical course and long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the presence of autoantibodies might predict adverse clinical course in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.587517 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587517 id: cord-356085-rnia7mbq author: Gai, Ruoyan title: Managing healthcare delivery system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic: experience in Japan date: 2020-05-13 words: 1710.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356085-rnia7mbq.txt summary: The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences. In this regard, the basic policies for COVID-19 control emphasized the hospitalized care for the severe / critical case based on previous experiences [3] , and recommended people with mild flu-like symptoms to stay at home first and seek medical care after consulting the call center or a family doctor [4] . After the declaration of state of emergency, Tokyo metropolitan government decides to move patients with mild or no symptom (except the elderly, those with pre-existing health conditions and pregnant women) from hospitals to the assigned facilities to increase bed capacities with serious cases for COVID-19. abstract: Amid the global pandemic of a novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare delivery system is being stretched. In Japan, rapid spread of the epidemic brings hospitals to the brink of exhaustion. This commentary aims to briefly review related policies of Japan in managing healthcare delivery system. Among the relevant actions, strengthening the hospitalized care is emphasized to save lives. Despite of limitations, the policies show a success in preventing a collapse of healthcare delivery system and skyrocketing mortality from happening so far. On the other hand, huge concerns remain if the infections continue to rapidly increase. The experience in Japan indicates the urgency of planning of healthcare delivery system, mobilizing all relevant social sectors by consensus, and guiding people with calm manner based on the best shared knowledge and evidences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32432167/ doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00149-0 id: cord-347895-z9a54f6g author: Gaibazzi, N. title: Lung disease severity, Coronary Artery Calcium, Coronary inflammation and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019. date: 2020-05-06 words: 4054.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347895-z9a54f6g.txt summary: OBJECTIVE To determine the association of the extent of lung disease or coronary artery chest computed tomography (HRCT) variables, the Agatston coronary calcium score (CCS) and peri-coronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT), representing CAD and coronary inflammation, with mortality in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increased age, D-dimer, C-reactive protein and the HRCT image features of extent of lung disease and coronary inflammation by PCAT (but not the CCS) were independently associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. While the current study confirms prior data that increased age, D-dimer and C-reactive protein are associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19, we also report that the simple extent of lung disease and the novel PCAT parameter of coronary artery inflammation in HRCT scans are also independently associated with mortality. abstract: IMPORTANCE The in-hospital mortality rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is higher in case of myocardial injury, but the underlying mechanism is not known and might depend on pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary inflammation or others. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of the extent of lung disease or coronary artery chest computed tomography (HRCT) variables, the Agatston coronary calcium score (CCS) and peri-coronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT), representing CAD and coronary inflammation, with mortality in patients with COVID-19. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Single academic institution, Parma University Hospital, Italy, between March 5, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Final follow-up: March 30, 2020. PARTICIPANTS 500 consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 who underwent HRCT as a gatekeeper were initially selected and the subgroup with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection formed the final study group. EXPOSURES SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swabs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES In-hospital mortality was the end point. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and HRCT data were collected from hospital electronic records, and HRCT features (CCS and PCAT) were measured post-hoc from HRCT images. RESULTS Among 500 patients with suspected COVID-19, 279 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and formed the study group. Among them, 170 patients (61%) were discharged alive and 109 (39%) died. Comparing patients discharged alive with patients who died, the median age was 65 vs 77 (p<0.001), with males 56% vs 68% (p=0.061), prior cardiovascular disease 9% vs 24% (p=0.001), median D-dimer 723 vs 1083 ng/ml (p<0.001), median C-reactive protein 78 vs 148 mg/L (p<0.001), the mean CCS 17 vs 189 (p<0.001) and the median PCAT -76.4 HU vs -68.6 HU (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, only age (p<0.001), D-dimer (p=0.041), C-reactive protein (p=0.002), extent of lung disease (p=0.002), and PCAT (p<0.001), remained associated with in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Increased age, D-dimer, C-reactive protein and the HRCT image features of extent of lung disease and coronary inflammation by PCAT (but not the CCS) were independently associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our study suggests that higher mortality in COVID-19 may be at least partly mediated by coronary artery inflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087114 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087114 id: cord-300963-1n1f8mf2 author: Gajendran, Mahesh title: Inflammatory bowel disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, management strategies, and lessons learned date: 2020-10-12 words: 6681.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300963-1n1f8mf2.txt summary: Previous studies based on SARS-CoV-1 showed that the "cytokine storm" was strongly associated with viral sepsis, inflammation-induced lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [32, 34] . With regard to IBD-specific risk factors, it is speculated that patients on immunosuppressive agents, those with active IBD symptoms, malnutrition, and frequent visits to clinics or hospitals are at greater risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection [50] . The International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) maintains a registry for reporting COVID-19 in IBD patients called SECURE-IBD registry. Hence, all the societies have recommended that patients continue their IBD medications to sustain remission, because the risk of disease flare-up outweighs the chance of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection. The management strategy will depend on multiple factors, such as the patient''s age, the severity of the COVID-19 infection, the clinical status of the IBD, and the presence of other comorbid conditions. abstract: The current outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected nearly 188 countries. Patients with severe COVID-19 are more commonly elderly and suffer from comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic pulmonary disease, obesity, and cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects as many as 6.8 million people globally, and a significant proportion of them are treated with immunosuppressants. Hence, there is an ongoing concern over the impact of COVID-19 on IBD patients and their susceptibility to it. So far, there are about 1439 IBD patients in the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus under Research Exclusion (SECURE-IBD) registry reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. There are many unique challenges and dilemmas that need to be taken into account when managing an IBD patient with COVID-19. The management of each patient should be individualized. The IBD societies and experts have strongly recommended that patients should not discontinue their IBD medications. If the patients have symptoms of COVID-19 or IBD flare-up, they are recommended to call their IBD physician first to discuss their medication. In addition, IBD patients are urged to practice social distancing strictly to minimize the chances of infection. As COVID-19 is rapidly evolving, our experience and understanding of its impact on the IBD population may potentially change in the near future. url: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2020.0547 doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0547 id: cord-280960-88hzovg2 author: Galani, I. E. title: Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison date: 2020-08-24 words: 4630.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt summary: By investigating temporal IFN and inflammatory cytokine patterns in 32 COVID-19 patients hospitalized for pneumonia and longitudinally followed for the development of respiratory failure and death, we reveal that IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN production is both diminished and delayed, induced only in a fraction of patients as they become critically ill. By comparison, in 16 flu patients hospitalized for pneumonia with similar clinicopathological characteristics to COVID-19 and 24 milder non-hospitalized flu patients IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN are robustly induced, earlier, at higher levels and independently of disease severity, while pro-inflammatory cytokines are only acutely and transiently produced. 81 Here, we have performed a comprehensive temporal analysis of type I and type III IFN, and major 82 inflammatory cytokine patterns in 32 COVID-19 and 16 influenza A virus infected (flu) patients 83 hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia and longitudinally followed up according to current 84 WHO guidelines 18 . abstract: A central paradigm of immunity is that interferon (IFN) mediated antiviral responses precede the pro-inflammatory ones, optimizing host protection and minimizing collateral damage. Here, we report that for COVID-19 this does not apply. By investigating temporal IFN and inflammatory cytokine patterns in 32 COVID-19 patients hospitalized for pneumonia and longitudinally followed for the development of respiratory failure and death, we reveal that IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN production is both diminished and delayed, induced only in a fraction of patients as they become critically ill. On the contrary, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 are produced before IFNs, in all patients, and persist for a prolonged time. By comparison, in 16 flu patients hospitalized for pneumonia with similar clinicopathological characteristics to COVID-19 and 24 milder non-hospitalized flu patients IFN-{lambda} and type I IFN are robustly induced, earlier, at higher levels and independently of disease severity, while pro-inflammatory cytokines are only acutely and transiently produced. Notably, higher IFN-{lambda} levels in COVID-19 patients correlate with lower viral load in bronchial aspirates and faster viral clearance, and a higher IFN-{lambda}:type I IFN ratio with improved outcome of critically ill patients. Moreover, altered cytokine patterns in COVID-19 patients correlate with longer hospitalization time and higher incidence of critical disease and mortality compared to flu. These data point to an untuned antiviral response in COVID-19 contributing to persistent viral presence, hyperinflammation and respiratory failure. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.21.20179291v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.21.20179291 id: cord-270079-vwnzp6zj author: Galanis, Nikiforos title: Coagulopathy in COVID-19 infection: a case of acute upper limb ischemia date: 2020-07-02 words: 1260.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270079-vwnzp6zj.txt summary: We report a case of severe coagulopathy manifesting with right upper limb arterial and deep vein thrombosis in an 80-year-old male patient with severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia. At that point, his coagulation laboratory tests were deranged, and he eventually developed dry gangrene in his right thumb and index finger, as well as a deep venous thromboembolism in his right axillary vein. Since the beginning of the pandemic, it has become evident that COVID-19 infection does not only affect the respiratory tract but in some patients it seems to evolve to a systemic disease with severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure [1] . We present a case of an 80-year-old patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection, who developed severe coagulopathy with peripheral arterial infarcts and deep venous thromboembolism. Seven days later, while his general condition was deteriorating, he developed acute ischemia in his right thumb and index finger (Fig. 2) . abstract: Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis have been recently identified as sequelae of severe infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report a case of severe coagulopathy manifesting with right upper limb arterial and deep vein thrombosis in an 80-year-old male patient with severe COVID-19 associated pneumonia. He clinically deteriorated and received care in the intensive care unit where he was intubated. At that point, his coagulation laboratory tests were deranged, and he eventually developed dry gangrene in his right thumb and index finger, as well as a deep venous thromboembolism in his right axillary vein. Despite receiving treatment dose anticoagulation and undergoing arterial embolectomy, revascularization was unsuccessful. Amputation of the right arm at the level of the elbow was considered, but the patient died from respiratory failure. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjaa204 doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa204 id: cord-317689-gp4x54pe author: Galanopoulou, Aristea S. title: EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19: A small case series preliminary report date: 2020-05-17 words: 4676.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317689-gp4x54pe.txt summary: 9, 10 We report our first findings from medically indicated EEG studies, performed predominantly using 8ch-EEG, on admitted acutely ill COVID-19 PUIs. We found that a sizeable proportion of COVID-19-positive patients had suspicion for seizures and/or epileptiform discharges (EDs) in their EEG compared to COVID-19-negative patients, albeit these differences did not reach statistical significance. Most of the patients had acute respiratory failure, were intubated at the time of the EEG studies (63.6% vs 100%), and were receiving sedatives and/or antiseizure medications (ASMs) (86.4% vs 100%) (COVID-19 positive vs negative, respectively). We present the first preliminary case series report of EEG findings in patients under investigation for COVID-19 who presented with altered mental status, encephalopathy or suspicion for seizures and demonstrates evidence of EDs. Seizure-like behaviors prompting EEG investigation were common (63.6%) in COVID-19-positive patients and sporadic epileptic abnormalities were seen in 40.9%, predominantly in the form of frontal sharp waves. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute encephalopathy may occur in COVID‐19‐infected patients. We investigated whether medically indicated EEGs performed in acutely ill patients under investigation (PUIs) for COVID‐19 report epileptiform abnormalities and whether these are more prevalent in COVID‐19 positive than negative patients. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, adult COVID‐19 inpatient PUIs underwent EEGs for acute encephalopathy and/or seizure‐like events. PUIs had 8‐channel headband EEGs (Ceribell; 20 COVID‐19 positive, 6 COVID‐19 negative); 2 more COVID‐19 patients had routine EEGs. Overall, 26 Ceribell EEGs, 4 routine and 7 continuous EEG studies were reviewed. EEGs were interpreted by board‐certified clinical neurophysiologists (n = 16). EEG findings were correlated with demographic data, clinical presentation and history, and medication usage. Fisher's exact test was used. RESULTS: We included 28 COVID‐19 PUIs (30‐83 years old), of whom 22 tested positive (63.6% males) and 6 tested negative (33.3% male). The most common indications for EEG, among COVID‐19‐positive vs COVID‐19‐negative patients, respectively, were new onset encephalopathy (68.2% vs 33.3%) and seizure‐like events (14/22, 63.6%; 2/6, 33.3%), even among patients without prior history of seizures (11/17, 64.7%; 2/6, 33.3%). Sporadic epileptiform discharges (EDs) were present in 40.9% of COVID‐19‐positive and 16.7% of COVID‐19‐negative patients; frontal sharp waves were reported in 8/9 (88.9%) of COVID‐19‐positive patients with EDs and in 1/1 of COVID‐19‐negative patient with EDs. No electrographic seizures were captured, but 19/22 COVID‐19‐positive and 6/6 COVID‐19‐negative patients were given antiseizure medications and/or sedatives before the EEG. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first preliminary report of EDs in the EEG of acutely ill COVID‐19‐positive patients with encephalopathy or suspected clinical seizures. EDs are relatively common in this cohort and typically appear as frontal sharp waves. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the potential direct or indirect effects of COVID‐19 on activating epileptic activity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537529/ doi: 10.1002/epi4.12399 id: cord-313489-i969aqn9 author: Galbadage, Thushara title: Does COVID-19 Spread Through Droplets Alone? date: 2020-04-24 words: 2342.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313489-i969aqn9.txt summary: Social or physical distancing helps reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets containing SARS-CoV-2 and slows the incidence of the disease by reducing the opportunities for potential viral exposures. Precautions to prevent the spread by droplets as recommended by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) are to (1) wash hands with soap, (2) avoid touching viral entry points, such as eyes, nose, and mouth, (3) cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing, (4) wear a facemask if sick and (5) practice social distancing by putting 6 feet of distance between individuals. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain viable longer on surfaces taken together with its higher virulence in establishing an infection makes it very likely that this coronavirus uses other modes of transmission in addition to respiratory droplets (Figure 1) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00163 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00163 id: cord-354261-gdvawnp6 author: Gale, Chris title: National active surveillance to understand and inform neonatal care in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 words: 1626.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354261-gdvawnp6.txt summary: Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be definitively established; neonatal infection with the virus has been detected in the first days after birth to mothers with COVID-19 1 ; however, this could represent early horizontal transmission. For more complete case ascertainment, this BPSU surveillance will link with other related data sources, including ongoing UKOSS surveillance of COVID-19 in pregnancy for maternal cases, Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK), for neonatal deaths and stillbirths, and Public Health England (PHE), Health Protection Scotland, Public Health Wales and the Health and Social Care Public Health Agency in Northern Ireland. Active surveillance through established national systems such as the BPSU and UKOSS with very high population-based case ascertainment is among the simplest, quickest and most efficient way to obtain the accurate population level incidence data and to determine true infection rates, clinical characteristics and outcomes, which are needed to inform optimal perinatal and neonatal care. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319372 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319372 id: cord-258337-3wua0iij author: Gale, Robert Peter title: A Haematologist''s Guide to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Encyclopaedia or Doorstop? date: 2020-10-08 words: 989.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258337-3wua0iij.txt summary: [1] review what they term a haematologist''s perspective on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They present data on hospital admission values and/or risk of death from COVID-19. Normally, authors provide a statistical analysis of this type of heterogeneous data, such as a weighted mean or median and confidence interval or interquartile range (IQR) followed by their conclusion. In a study of 1,571 subjects with COVID-19 we found a significant difference between 1,440 survivors (median 1.2 × 10E+9/L [IQR 0.9, 1.7 × 10E+9/L]) and 131 subjects who died (0.5 × 10E+9/L [0.4, 0.8 × 10E+9/L]; p < 0.001) [2] . Lest I be accused of publication bias, might I direct readers to an experiment where I fed large numbers of genetically identical mice shredded SARS-CoV-2-or CO-VID-19-related consensus guidelines or sheets of blank paper with their laboratory chow for 1 week. Perspective: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and haematologists abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032279/ doi: 10.1159/000510498 id: cord-327219-gj3otwzj author: Gale, Robert Peter title: Conquest of COVID‐19. Publish it to Death? date: 2020-06-01 words: 723.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327219-gj3otwzj.txt summary: Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐cornavirsu‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome-cornavirsu-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). This is only for citations covered by PubMed. The figures from the World Health Organization which tracks every manuscript on the virus and its disease submitted in their journals irrespective of publication would be much greater [1] How to explain this burst of publications? My next step was to evaluate the quality of these guidelines using criteria of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Figure 2 ; [12] ). Quality and strength of evidence of the Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines abstract: Some diseases can be cured by medical interventions, others not. When not, are there other approaches to control or cure? One possibility is to try to publish a disease to death, a therapy strategy first proposed by my late colleague Prof. David Golde from UCLA (see below). Here I consider whether this strategy is working in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐cornavirsu‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus infectious disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32480419/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16905 id: cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author: Galea, Sandro title: Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date: 2020-07-15 words: 3320.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt summary: While this pandemic was novel in 2020, its population health footprint was established long before the novel coronavirus crossed over into humans, following causes that are influenced by causes at multiple levels of influence, from national and state policies, to local conditions of exposure, to forces that shape risk of other diseases that in turn predispose populations to Covid-19 infection and its consequences. 8 This suggests that age interacts with the other causes of infection (exposure risks due to physical contact for example) as well as with other causes of morbidity (underlying diabetes or heart disease for example) to be a factor as important as the virus itself in determining the scale and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. 10 This reflects, rather simply, the central importance of age as an important, even if insufficient, covariate (i.e., age by itself, without SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in Covid-19), one that changes our understanding of the disease through its intimate interaction with the key exposure, and should accordingly inform our public health action. abstract: In a few devastating short months in 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic changed global mobility and interaction in ways that were unimaginable to many of the world’s population as recently as in 2019. More than 10 million people have, at this writing, been infected by SAR-CoV-2 globally, and more than 500,000 have died of Covid-19. As our science progresses, it is becoming possible to apply the principles of population health science to help us better understand the pandemic. What does a formal approach to population health science teach us about Covid-19? Building on our previously published work about the foundations of population health, we offer a few observations—a first draft of population health science thinking—as it intersects with the Covid-19 pandemic. Of note, our collective understanding of the pathology and causes of Covid-19 are rapidly changing by the day, and thus we fully expect that this work will evolve and improve as science progresses. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa142 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa142 id: cord-330017-t14o7rua author: Galiero, Raffaele title: The Importance of Telemedicine during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Diabetic Retinopathy date: 2020-10-14 words: 3666.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330017-t14o7rua.txt summary: New evidence and technological improvements in telemedicine application in diabetic retinopathy (DR) have demonstrated efficacy and usefulness in screening. However, the deployment of device and digital application used to increase screening of individuals and monitor progression of retinal disease needs to be easily accessible to general practitioners. In fact, during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the mandatory social distancing imposed to prevent the outspread of infection, the use of telemedicine in diabetes monitoring has been remarkably increasing. Thanks to these tools, screening has been extended to a much larger portion of diabetic subjects, and the comparison between telemedicine and standard fundus oculus exam has revealed a good efficacy from the use of nonmydriatic cameras both in terms of sensitivity and specificity [43] . New evidence and technological improvement of devices have made telemedicine a useful solution for diabetic retinopathy screening. abstract: Recently, telemedicine has become remarkably important, due to increased deployment and development of digital technologies. National and international guidelines should consider its inclusion in their updates. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mandatory social distancing and the lack of effective treatments has made telemedicine the safest interactive system between patients, both infected and uninfected, and clinicians. A few potential evidence-based scenarios for the application of telemedicine have been hypothesized. In particular, its use in diabetes and complication monitoring has been remarkably increasing, due to the high risk of poor prognosis. New evidence and technological improvements in telemedicine application in diabetic retinopathy (DR) have demonstrated efficacy and usefulness in screening. Moreover, despite an initial increase for devices and training costs, teleophthalmology demonstrated a good cost-to-efficacy ratio; however, no national screening program has yet focused on DR prevention and diagnosis. Lack of data during the COVID-19 pandemic strongly limits the possibility of tracing the real management of the disease, which is only conceivable from past evidence in normal conditions. The pandemic further stressed the importance of remote monitoring. However, the deployment of device and digital application used to increase screening of individuals and monitor progression of retinal disease needs to be easily accessible to general practitioners. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123599/ doi: 10.1155/2020/9036847 id: cord-347884-zpzncgiv author: Galimberti, Andrea title: Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 words: 5473.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.txt summary: Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. abstract: The ongoing pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is literally changing the world. From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. As in other endemic or pandemic phenomena, the issues mostly covered by scientific and media attention are related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of COVID-19. However, a still neglected issue regards the adoption of a more systemic approach considering the close connection among the infection, the environment, and human behaviors, including the role of diet and urban management. To shed light on this issue, we brought together a faculty group involving experts in environment and biodiversity, food safety, human nutrition, and behavior, bioprospecting, as well as medical doctors having a deep knowledge of the complex historical relationship between humanity and vector-borne infections. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Definitely, some priority issues should be addressed to achieve these goals, such as global efforts to increase food safety and security, which would benefit from urban and peri-urban agriculture enhancement, smallholder food producers support, and ecosystem services and local biodiversity maintenance. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 id: cord-352905-ge3u32hm author: Galimberti, Sara title: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Play an Antiviral Action in Patients Affected by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Possible Model Supporting Their Use in the Fight Against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-02 words: 5383.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352905-ge3u32hm.txt summary: Among compounds proposed to fight the SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), already effective in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), have been proposed on the basis of their antiviral action already demonstrated against SARS-CoV-1. Translated in the COVID-19 context, if TKIs would sustain the coronavirus infection or replication, we might expect to observe a significant increase of TTV load during treatment of our patients with nilotinib. In the second phase of our study, we employed the NanoString technology for analyzing the expression of 770 inflammationand immunity-related genes in five CML patients before and after 6 months of treatment with imatinib, with the aim of testing the impact of this TKI on the possible immunological control of viral infection. Considering that it has been proven that at diagnosis, the immunity of these patients is severely impaired (63) , the low infection rate observed during the 2020 pandemic could prove that TKIs play an antiviral role or, at least, could not impair the host response against the new coronavirus. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the viral agent responsible for the pandemic that in the first months of 2020 caused about 400,000 deaths. Among compounds proposed to fight the SARS-CoV-2-related disease (COVID-19), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), already effective in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), have been proposed on the basis of their antiviral action already demonstrated against SARS-CoV-1. Very few cases of COVID-19 have been reported in Ph+ ALL and in CML Italian cohorts; authors suggested that this low rate of infections might depend on the use of TKIs, but the biological causes of this phenomenon remain unknown. In this study, the CML model was used to test if TKIs would sustain or not the viral replication and if they could damage patient immunity. Firstly, the infection and replication rate of torquetenovirus (TTV), whose load is inversely proportional to the host immunological control, have been measured in CML patients receiving nilotinib. A very low percentage of subjects were infected at baseline, and TTV did not replicate or at least showed a low replication rate during the follow-up, with a mean load comparable to the measured one in healthy subjects. Then, after gene expression profiling experiments, we found that several “antiviral” genes, such as CD28 and IFN gamma, were upregulated, while genes with “proviral” action, such as ARG-1, CEACAM1, and FUT4, were less expressed during treatment with imatinib, thus demonstrating that TKIs are not detrimental from the immunological point of view. To sum up, our data could offer some biological explanations to the low COVID-19 occurrence in Ph+ ALL and CML patients and sustain the use of TKIs in COVID-19, as already proposed by several international ongoing studies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01428 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01428 id: cord-353621-t5tev985 author: Gallina, Pasquale title: Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. date: 2020-05-21 words: 315.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353621-t5tev985.txt summary: key: cord-353621-t5tev985 title: Covid-19: Decisions to offer interventions with limited availability should be decided based on chance of recovery. cord_uid: t5tev985 Dear Editor, 1 We read with interest the paper by Cesari and 2 Proietti 1 entitled "COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision making in 3 a pandemic", which rejects a priori discrimination of aged people in 4 access to care. COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision 89 making in a pandemic Universal 93 do-not-resuscitate orders, social worth, and life-years: opposing 94 discriminatory approaches to the allocation of resources during the 95 COVID-19 pandemic and other health system satastrophes Fair allocation of scarce 98 medical resources in the time of Covid-19 Clinical ethics 101 recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in 102 exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian 103 perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic. SIAARTI 106 recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in 107 exceptional, resource-limited circumstances Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.024 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.024 id: cord-026603-h4zy3244 author: Gallo, Oreste title: “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date: 2020-06-10 words: 960.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt summary: [1] The official death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has reached, as of May 27th, 350 000 and it is now recognised that severe outcomes of this infection are associated to a complex dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which clinically translates into acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cytokine release syndrome, the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the disseminated intravascular coagulation. [5] On the contrary, other authors have subsequently suggested that cancer patients, because of their impaired immune system due to the tumour itself and its therapies, are expected to have a reduced systemic inflammatory response to the virus and, thus, non-inferior mortality rates. [8] Overall, our findings seem to confirm the role of age as one of the strongest prognostic factors; in addition, we suggest that cancer patients are not necessarily at higher risk for COVID-19 associated death because their impaired immune responsiveness might act as a protective factor from the cytokine storm. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286269/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.011 id: cord-338131-6y96eyoq author: Galvez, A. title: Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times? date: 2020-05-24 words: 1331.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338131-6y96eyoq.txt summary: Despite current surgical recommendations [1] advising against routine laparoscopy in COVID-19 patients for aerosolization concerns; a laparoscopic approach was decided given availability of laparoscopic high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters (PlumePort® ActiV®. These medications are well-described sources of marginal Regarding the operative approach for this patient; current guidelines [3] recommend avoiding the use of routine laparoscopy in COVID-19 patients if possible, due to the risk of biological fluid aerosolization. All of these are well-known and well-described benefits of the minimally invasive surgical approach [8] , which harmonize well with current clinical recommendations [7] in the management of COVID-19. The current COVID-19 pandemic mandates strict aerosol and body fluid precautions during surgery, but the benefits of the laparoscopic approach-a high aerosol-creating procedureshould not be overlooked in carefully selected patients if the appropriate equipment is available. The minimally invasive approach to a perforated marginal ulcer in this complicated COVID-19 positive patient led to an excellent postoperative outcome. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04709-8 doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04709-8 id: cord-312558-w2vjuidm author: Gambardella, J. title: Exosomal microRNAs Drive Thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 901.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312558-w2vjuidm.txt summary: To test the hypothesis that exosomal miRNAs are a key determinant of thrombosis in COVID-19, we enrolled 26 patients positive for COVID-19 admitted to the Infectious Disease Departments of University of Naples "Vanvitelli" and San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital (Italy). Equally important, miR-424 has been associated with hypercoagulability whereas low levels of miR-103a have been observed in deep vein thrombosis (5, 12) , although precise mechanisms have not been fully defined for these miRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a functional contribution of exosomal noncoding RNA in COVID19. Limitations of our study include the relatively small population and the fact that we did not determine the exact source of exosomes; nevertheless, since endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be a prominent feature of COVID-19 and to contribute to the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state of the vasculature (2), we speculate that a main source could be represented by endothelial cells, which express these miRNAs in normal conditions (5). abstract: Thrombotic and thromboembolic complications have been shown to play a critical role in the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Emerging evidence has shown that exosomal miRNAs are functionally involved in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes. However, neither exosomes nor miRNAs have been hitherto investigated in COVID-19. To test the hypothesis that exosomal miRNAs are a key determinant of thrombosis in COVID-19, we enrolled patients positive for COVID-19. Circulating exosomes were isolated from equal amounts of serum and levels of exosomal miRNAs were quantified. We divided our population in two groups based on the serum level of D-dimer on admission. Strikingly, we found that exosomal miR-424 was significantly upregulated whereas exosomal miR-103a, miR-145, and miR-885 were significantly downregulated in patients in the high D-dimer group compared to patients in the low D-Dimer group (p<0.0001). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20133256 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133256 id: cord-333640-oh9ucair author: Gambaro, Giovanni title: Nothing will ever be as before. Reflections on the COVID-19 epidemics by nephrologists in eleven countries date: 2020-05-25 words: 2797.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333640-oh9ucair.txt summary: In such a context, a few days can make a big difference, as our colleague in Paris reports: our hospital was up against COVID-19 at the beginning of March. As one colleague wrote: unfortunately, my hospital and nephrology clinic were not prepared to deal with the COVID epidemic, especially considering the WHO guidelines issued as early as February 2020. Very soon patient''s triage started, the "red zone" was equipped with PPE''s, and presently doctors and nurses, recruited for work in the COVID centre get special training. Emanuela Cataldo a young nephrologist working in a COVID Unit in Bari, talks about loneliness in a surreal scenario: this pandemic took two fundamental things away from me: freedom and close contact with people. There is no better definition of fear, than in these words from Emanuela: working with COVID patients makes you feel their desperate condition. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32451809/ doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00756-7 id: cord-301106-qskwujpa author: Gambato, Martina title: Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor date: 2020-06-05 words: 1665.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301106-qskwujpa.txt summary: On March 31st of this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A single case of acute chronic liver failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a decompensated alcoholic cirrhotic patient was recently reported. Overall, the reported data are not yet enough for us to know the risk of infection in patients with existing chronic liver disease, or the impact of COVID-19 on their liver status and outcomes. Patients with liver cancer are another special population often coming to the hospital for treatment and monitoring, who may be at higher risk of contracting COVID-19, especially if they are receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In conclusion, liver damage during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported quite frequently, especially in patients who developed severe COVID-19 disease. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504266/ doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00804-8 id: cord-284385-ster02o9 author: Gambichler, Thilo title: On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 words: 7160.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284385-ster02o9.txt summary: The present review summarizes up-to-date evidence addressing the frequently discussed clinical controversies regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with viral infections, including AIDS, hepatitis B and C, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, influenza, and COVID-19. [10] [11] [12] Since irAEs may require immunosuppressive therapy, including high-dose corticosteroids and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers, the risk of infection or reactivation of chronic or latent viral infections (eg, HBV or hepatitis C virus (HCV)) may be secondarily increased. Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with HIV infection and advanced-stage cancer: a systematic review Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C viral infection The safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers and preexisting chronic viral infections (hepatitis B/C, HIV): a review of the available evidence abstract: The present review summarizes up-to-date evidence addressing the frequently discussed clinical controversies regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with viral infections, including AIDS, hepatitis B and C, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, influenza, and COVID-19. In detail, we provide available information on (1) safety regarding the risk of new infections, (2) effects on the outcome of pre-existing infections, (3) whether immunosuppressive drugs used to treat ICI-related adverse events affect the risk of infection or virulence of pre-existing infections, (4) whether the use of vaccines in ICI-treated patients is considered safe, and (5) whether there are beneficial effects of ICIs that even qualify them as a therapeutic approach for these viral infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611687/ doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001145 id: cord-310650-8lhkiw9p author: Gamble, Anissa title: The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health date: 2020-05-15 words: 2088.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310650-8lhkiw9p.txt summary: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that significantly impacts people living with diabetes. Diabetes-related factors of glycemic control, medication pharmacodynamics, and insulin access can impact the severity of a COVID-19 infection. For those living with diabetes, digital health presents the opportunity to access care with greater convenience while not having to expose themselves to infection in an in-person clinic. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and significantly impacts individuals living with diabetes. If the use of virtual visits continues after the pandemic eases-as they are expected to [38] -it opens up a great opportunity to provide more timely access to not only physician care but services that are often scarce for those living with diabetes [39] . Figure 1 presents a summary of the challenges of COVID-19 for people living with diabetes and the opportunities of diabetes digital health to support them in this time of need. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that significantly impacts people living with diabetes. Diabetes-related factors of glycemic control, medication pharmacodynamics, and insulin access can impact the severity of a COVID-19 infection. In this commentary, we explore how digital health can support the diabetes community through the pandemic. For those living with diabetes, digital health presents the opportunity to access care with greater convenience while not having to expose themselves to infection in an in-person clinic. Digital diabetes apps can increase agency in self-care and produce clinically significant improvement in glycemic control through facilitating the capture of diabetes device data. However, the ability to share these data back to the clinic to inform virtual care and enhance diabetes coaching and guidance remains a challenge. In the end, it requires an unnecessarily high level of technical sophistication on the clinic’s part and on those living with diabetes to routinely use their diabetes device data in clinic visits, virtual or otherwise. As the world comes together to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, close collaboration among the global diabetes community is critical to understand and manage the sustained impact of the pandemic on people living with diabetes. url: https://doi.org/10.2196/19581 doi: 10.2196/19581 id: cord-289905-dvl2pud2 author: Gan, Rosemary title: COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease date: 2020-06-23 words: 4355.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt summary: Appreciating the clear differences between SARS and COVID-19 in presentation, poor prognostic indicators related to individuals'' co-morbid status, and biochemical and radiologic profiles, a novel disease model may assist in: 1) the early recognition of atypical (non-respiratory) presentations of disease; 2) early prophylactic treatment intervention for individuals at risk of severe and critical disease which could take place 6 in the community; 3) revised management of pulmonary complications including those related to prone posturing and ventilation protocols; 4) allowing better utilisation of data collated at a global level in the absence of an evidence-based disease model at this time; 5) identification of different markers of disease progression in at-risk individuals. An upregulation of ACE2 expressing cells related to chronic ATII elevation [18] or treatment with ACEinhibitors [19] , may increase the infective potential of SARS-CoV-2 in this group as a consequence of the duality of ACE2 functioning as both a receptor for viral entry to cells and as an enzyme. abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the agent of COVID-19, shares a lineage with SARS-CoV-1, and a common fatal pulmonary profile but with striking differences in presentation, clinical course, and response to treatment. In contrast to SARS-CoV-1 (SARS), COVID-19 has presented as an often bi-phasic, multi-organ pathology, with a proclivity for severe disease in the elderly and those with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Whilst death is usually related to respiratory collapse, autopsy reveals multi-organ pathology. Chronic pulmonary disease is underrepresented in the group with severe COVID-19. A commonality of aberrant renin angiotensin system (RAS) is suggested in the at-risk group. The identification of angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor allowing viral entry to cells precipitated our interest in the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis. We propose that COVID-19 is a viral multisystem disease, with dominant vascular pathology, mediated by global reduction in ACE2 function, pronounced in disease conditions with RAS bias toward angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) over ACE2. It is further complicated by organ specific pathology related to loss of ACE2 expressing cells particularly affecting the endothelium, alveolus, glomerulus and cardiac microvasculature. The possible upregulation in ACE2 receptor expression may predispose individuals with aberrant RAS status to higher viral load on infection and relatively more cell loss. Relative ACE2 deficiency leads to enhanced and protracted tissue, and vessel exposure to angiotensin II, characterised by vasoconstriction, enhanced thrombosis, cell proliferation and recruitment, increased tissue permeability, and cytokine production (including IL-6) resulting in inflammation. Additionally, there is a profound loss of the “protective” angiotensin (1-7), a vasodilator with anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antiproliferative, antifibrotic, anti-arrhythmic, and antioxidant activity. Our model predicts global vascular insult related to direct endothelial cell damage, vasoconstriction and thrombosis with a disease specific cytokine profile related to angiotensin II rather than “cytokine storm”. Our proposed mechanism of lung injury provides an explanation for early hypoxia without reduction in lung compliance and suggests a need for revision of treatment protocols to address vasoconstriction, thromboprophylaxis, and to minimize additional small airways and alveolar trauma via ventilation choice. Our model predicts long term sequelae of scarring/fibrosis in vessels, lungs, renal and cardiac tissue with protracted illness in at-risk individuals. It is hoped that our model stimulates review of current diagnostic and therapeutic intervention protocols, particularly with respect to early anticoagulation, vasodilatation and revision of ventilatory support choices. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110024 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110024 id: cord-306700-sz3bji8c author: Gandhi, Abhay Jayprakash title: An Ayurvedic Perspective along with in Silico Study of the Drugs for the Management of Sars-Cov-2 date: 2020-07-21 words: 1440.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306700-sz3bji8c.txt summary: Materials & Methods: Available symptoms of Covid 19 were thoroughly studied and reviewed through Ayurveda classics, internet, preprints, etc. CONCLUSION: Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaraadi Kashaya(Sunthi, Puskarmoola, Kantakari, Guduchi) may have appreciable results in combating SARS-COV-2. The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the Noval Corona Virus (nCoV) that is now officially designated as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, represents a pandemic threat to global public health. The present piece of work studies the virtual screening of the phytoconstituents which can help for a further invitro, invivo research for Covid 19. Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaraadi Kashaya may have appreciable results in combating SARS-COV-2. abstract: BACKGROUND: Covid-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV2, it was identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019. It then extended across the globe and was termed as a pandemic in 2020. Though research work on its vaccine and drugs are carried out across the globe, it is even necessary to look over it through alternative sciences. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to look over the disease through Ayurvedic perspective, analyse possible pathologies, select appropriate drugs and to study in-silico screening on these selected drugs. Materials & Methods: Available symptoms of Covid 19 were thoroughly studied and reviewed through Ayurveda classics, internet, preprints, etc. to understand the nature of the disease with the Ayurvedic perspective.The molecular Docking and Grid were generated through Pyrx Software with Autodock. The Lipinski Rule of Five data generated from Swiss ADME software and Target prediction of selected phytoconstituents were done by Swiss target prediction. RESULTS: and Discussion: In Ayurveda, Covid19 can be considered as Janapadaudhwans, Vaat-Kaphaj Sannipatik Jwara, Aupsargika Vyadhi, and Dhatupaka Awastha. In the molecular docking study, the binding energy and inhibition of 6 Gingesulphonic acid from Zingiber Officinalis (Sunthi) is greater than hydroxychloroquine and quinine. Most of the selected phytoconstituents follow the Lipinski rule of five. Target prediction of selected phytoconstituents was done on target of SARS-COV-2, humoral immunity, and antiviral activity. Every selected phytoconstituents works on minimum one of the targets. CONCLUSION: Thus, from the above results obtained from reviewing Ayurveda classics and after the virtual screening of selected drugs we can conclude that Nagaraadi Kashaya(Sunthi, Puskarmoola, Kantakari, Guduchi) may have appreciable results in combating SARS-COV-2. Thus, Nagaraadi Kashayam, a classical formulation can be a trial candidate for conducting further clinical trial. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947620300607?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.07.002 id: cord-317242-e7000i2u author: Gandhi, Darshan title: Review of X-ray and computed tomography scan findings with a promising role of point of care ultrasound in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 words: 2931.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317242-e7000i2u.txt summary: Since imaging not only helps assess the disease at the time of diagnosis but also aids evaluation of response to management, it is critical to examine the role of different modalities currently in use, such as baseline X-rays and computed tomography scans carefully. On one hand, Ai et al [3] studied 1014 patients in Wuhan, China and concluded that the high sensitivity of chest computed tomography (CT) imaging in detecting COVID-19 infection might make it a suitable tool for screening purposes. Chest radiography is not advisable for first line use for detection of COVID-19 infection due to a reduced ability to demonstrate ground-glass opacities, an early finding in this disease (Figure 1) [1] . Ng et al [10] studied non-contrast chest CT images of 21 COVID-19 patients and reported the most commonly observed finding to be peripheral ground-glass opacification. abstract: As healthcare professionals continue to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection worldwide, there is an increasing interest in the role of imaging and the relevance of various modalities. Since imaging not only helps assess the disease at the time of diagnosis but also aids evaluation of response to management, it is critical to examine the role of different modalities currently in use, such as baseline X-rays and computed tomography scans carefully. In this article, we will draw attention to the critical findings for the radiologist. Further, we will look at point of care ultrasound, an increasingly a popular tool in diagnostic medicine, as a component of COVID-19 management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033574/ doi: 10.4329/wjr.v12.i9.195 id: cord-299018-eo73yl4v author: Gandini, O. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 words: 758.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt summary: title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy Serum samples were collected from patients upon admission before starting any treatment and tested by Laboratory Department Of all patients included, 81 patients (57%) showed mild disease (control group) and 60 (43%) showed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation (severe group). 2 , panel C, D, E) Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for several disease-related risk factors at admission, including age, sex, NLR, DD, LDH, ferritin and CRP, demonstrated that serum ferritin resulted as an independent predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients (OR = 1,0048, 95% CI, 1,0029 to 1,0083, P < 0,001.). We clearly demonstrated that serum levels of ferritin progressively increased with the severity of disease and correlate with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Serum ferritin as an independent risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 id: cord-261256-iwdusvrw author: Gandolfi, Alberto title: Planning of school teaching during Covid-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 8612.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261256-iwdusvrw.txt summary: The key differences with the usual SEIR model [14] are: an external source of infection [15] , [19] , the possibility of transmission limited to 7 hours per working day; a control indicating from the start whether, for each day, schools are open or closed; and the presence of asymptomatic individuals. As benchmark cases we consider the full closure and the complete opening of the school, which is to say, the two most extreme choices of a fully remote teaching or regular 7 hours a day in-class activities for the whole year. In addition, we indicate of each parameter the range of values for which the optimal solution achieves a substantial reduction with respect to complete opening, but limited to determining at most an 100% increase in the number of cases with respect to school closure. abstract: Learning and education are two of the biggest world issues of the current pandemic. Unfortunately, it is seen in this work that, due to the length of the incubation period of Covid-19, full opening of schools in the Fall of 2020 seems to be impractical unless the spread of the virus is completely under control in the surrounding region (e.g. with fewer than 5 active cases every million people). In order to support the possibility of some in-person learning, we model the diffusion of the epidemic within each single school by a SEAIR model with an external source of infection and a suitable loss function, and then evaluate sustainable opening plans. It turns out that blended models, with almost periodic alternations of in-class and remote teaching days or weeks, are generally (close to) optimal. In a prototypical example, the optimal strategy prescribes a school opening of 90 days out of 200 with the number of Covid-19 cases among the individuals related to the school increasing by about 71%, instead of the about 390% increase that would have been a consequence of full opening. As clinical fraction is low in children, these solutions could lead to very few or no symptomatic cases within the school during the whole school year. Using the density of active cases as a proxy for the number of pre- and asymptomatic, we get an indication for each country of whether either full opening, or blended opening with frequent testing, or no school opening at all, are advisable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024345/ doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2020.132753 id: cord-275238-5fledjac author: Gandolfini, Ilaria title: COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients date: 2020-04-12 words: 481.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275238-5fledjac.txt summary: In Northern Italy, where the current prevalence of confirmed cases has surpassed in some areas 2 per 1,000 people, kidney transplant patients are getting infected and starting to develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2 Herein, we report the outcomes of two deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Hospital of Parma (Parma, Italy), between March 2 and 12, 2020. At In kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who develop extensive pneumonia, which may require intubation, our current therapeutic approach includes stopping the immunosuppressive therapy (using steroids as the only antirejection drugs) to help promote the specific anti-viral immune response. Therefore, IL-6 targeting therapies are being proposed to control acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; currently being tested in a randomized trial in China; ChiCTR2000029765). Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with long-term immunosuppression Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome abstract: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly and has already taken on pandemic proportions. After China, Italy is the country with the highest number of cases so far (41,035 confirmed cases according to Dipartimento della Protezione Civile as of March 19, and 3,405 deaths). In Northern Italy, where the current prevalence of confirmed cases has surpassed in some areas 2 per 1,000 people, kidney transplant patients are getting infected and starting to develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15891 doi: 10.1111/ajt.15891 id: cord-282958-9bi6pobg author: Ganem, Fabiana title: The impact of early social distancing at COVID-19 Outbreak in the largest Metropolitan Area of Brazil. date: 2020-04-08 words: 1678.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282958-9bi6pobg.txt summary: To tackle the spread of disease, a range of interventions have been implemented in China, including increasing test capacity, rapid isolation of suspected and confirmed cases and their contacts, social distancing measures, as well as restricting mobility (6) . The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil was on February 26th in the city of São Paulo and, since March 17th, the state of São Paulo has recommended a series of social distancing measures. Considering the significant expected burden of the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmacological interventions are necessary to flatten the epidemic curve and prepare the public response to the shortage of ICU beds and healthcare workers needed to treat critically ill patients (4). We evaluated the impact of early social distancing measures in the transmission of COVID-19 in the SPMA, and projected the number of ICU beds necessary for COVID-19 patients in Brazil. abstract: We evaluated the impact of early social distancing on the COVID-19 transmission in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area. Using an age-stratified SEIR model, we determined the time-dependent reproductive number, and forecasted the ICU beds necessary to tackle this epidemic. Within 60 days, these measures might prevent 89,133 deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20055103 id: cord-285360-svczr721 author: Ganesh, Aravind title: Ignorance is not bliss: managing uncertainty in acute stroke treatment in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 words: 1608.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285360-svczr721.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285360-svczr721.txt summary: Treatment delays may seem inevitable with competing priorities like donning/doffing PPE, greater attention to the patient''s respiratory status with more frequent pre-emptive intubation, and a Fig. 1 During typical emergency medical scenarios like ischemic stroke, there are various factors that are immediately available ("known") at the time of decision-making for physicians, patients, and their caregivers/ proxies, whereas other factors are potentially knowable but lost to an "information bottleneck" and still others lie hidden behind a "knowledge barrier" (a). The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a constellation of systemic and workflow changes that have resulted in additional unique challenges in information flow for emergency medical decision-making (b). Nevertheless, by appreciating the underlying pitfalls in information flow, we can adopt a more proactive and nuanced approach to emergency decision-making and potentially mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on patient care (Fig. 1d) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33128573/ doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02592-9 id: cord-324483-zvj1ttay author: Ganesh, Radhakrishnan title: Management of appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic; short-term outcomes date: 2020-09-02 words: 2787.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324483-zvj1ttay.txt summary: CONCLUSION: CT/MRI scan was preferred to laparoscopy in diagnosing appendicitis and conservative management of uncomplicated appendicitis was common practice after the onset of pandemic. Adult patients admitted with a suspected diagnosis of appendicitis had a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis irrespective of the age group, these patients also had a CT chest at the same time, to look for any signs of COVID-19 infection. In this paper, our objective was to evaluate the change in our practice of managing patients admitted with acute appendicitis, and to investigate short-term outcomes after the onset of pandemic. A conservative approach was adopted in managing an acute surgical condition recognising the risk of increased post-operative morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infected patients. Retrospective analysis of the outcome of conservative management at a later date will help in the grading of CT scan findings in selecting patients for non-operative treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: COVID-19 pandemic has predisposed patients undergoing surgery to post-operative infection and resultant complications. Appendicitis is frequently managed by appendicectomy. After the onset of the pandemic, selected cases of appendicitis were managed with antibiotics which is a recognised treatment option. Our objective was to compare the management of appendicitis and post-operative outcomes between pre- and post-COVID-19. METHODS: Ninety-six patients were identified from before the onset of the pandemic (November 2019) to after the onset of the pandemic (May 2020). Data were collected retrospectively from electronic records including demographics, investigations, treatment, duration of inpatient stay, complications, readmissions and compared between pre- and post-COVID-19 groups. RESULTS: One hundred percent underwent surgical treatment before the onset of pandemic, compared with 56.3% from the onset of the pandemic. A greater percentage of patients were investigated with imaging post-COVID-19 (100% versus 60.9%; p < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in the outcomes between the two groups. CONCLUSION: CT/MRI scan was preferred to laparoscopy in diagnosing appendicitis and conservative management of uncomplicated appendicitis was common practice after the onset of pandemic. Health boards can adapt their management of surgical conditions during pandemics without adverse short-term consequences. Long term follow-up of this cohort will identify patients suitable for conservative management. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0036933020956316 doi: 10.1177/0036933020956316 id: cord-278775-xntvl7jp author: Gangaputra, Sapna S. title: Ocular symptoms among non-hospitalized patients who underwent COVID-19 testing date: 2020-06-22 words: 954.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278775-xntvl7jp.txt summary: The "stay at home" 46 restrictions and limited access to ambulatory ophthalmology care may inadvertently delay the 47 recognition of ocular signs and symptoms associated with Currently, we have minimal data on the incidence and severity of ocular manifestations of non-49 hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients. To answer these questions, an electronic REDCap 2,3 survey was developed and 52 distributed to participants of the COVID Volunteer Research database, which was created by 53 the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR). Red eye (21.9%) and excessive tearing (17.6%) were 86 both found at a significantly higher rate in COVID-19 negative survey respondents (Table) To date, the reports on ocular findings have been limited. The strengths of the study are the large number of 115 responses from patients who are non-hospitalized, which is over 80% of affected In conclusion, this retrospective patient survey found no association between ocular symptoms 118 and COVID-19 positivity in an outpatient population. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0161642020305741 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.037 id: cord-341132-arhpqgl6 author: Gangemi, Sebastiano title: Rich at risk: socio-economic drivers of COVID-19 pandemic spread date: 2020-07-01 words: 1649.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341132-arhpqgl6.txt summary: While proper treatments are being developed, in-depth studies concerning its way of diffusion are necessary, in order to understand how the virus is actually spreading, through the investigation on some socio-economic indicators for the various countries in the world, retrieved through open-access data publicly available. As such, in order to fill in this gap, therefore to understand which of these discriminants could represent stronger drivers for the COVID-19 pandemic spread, we retrieved basic data on the open access website Wikipedia concerning socio-economic indicators of any country in the world, including their Population, Density, mean age, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Nominal GDP (both Per Capita), the Gini Coefficient of wealth distribution (an index of overall income inequality, ranging from 0, where everyone has the same income, to 1, where inequality is maximal), the Human Development Index (HDI, a composite index of abstract: COVID-19, the novel coronavirus affecting the most part of worldwide countries since early 2020, is fast increasing its prevalence around the world, representing a significant emergency for the population and the health systems at large. While proper treatments are being developed, in-depth studies concerning its way of diffusion are necessary, in order to understand how the virus is actually spreading, through the investigation on some socio-economic indicators for the various countries in the world, retrieved through open-access data publicly available. The correlation analysis displayed significant relationships between COVID-19 incidence with several of such indicators, including the Gross Domestic Product per capita and the number of flights per capita, whereas mortality is mainly related to the main age of the population. All such data displayed an interesting mean to understand the way the virus has diffused worldwide, possibly representing the basis for future preventive measures to effectively challenge a new COVID-19 pandemic wave, but also other, similar pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617078/ doi: 10.1186/s12948-020-00127-4 id: cord-256262-lwc4ghj2 author: Gangneux, Jean-Pierre title: Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared date: 2020-04-06 words: 1141.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256262-lwc4ghj2.txt summary: Among various causes of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, the frequency and impact of co-infections has still been poorly studied, particularly in patients with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In France, IFI account for a high risk of mortality in patients with co-morbidities from 9.2% to 40% depending on the fungal disease (8) . Invasive mucormycosis is increasingly reported (thanks to the improvement of diagnostic tools) in susceptible patients such as those suffering from diabetes, hematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or chronic respiratory diseases and superficial injuries in burned patients or after local traumatism. In case of positivity of any of these tests, a confirmation step with blood biomarkers will be implemented depending on the positive results, with serum galactomannan and/or serum beta-D-glucan and/or cryptococcal antigenemia and/or blood qPCR for Aspergillus or mucorales, -national multicentric studies that aim to explore the risk of fungal co-infection during COVID-19 with joint consortia of ICU and Mycology specialists. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32307254/ doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.100971 id: cord-258410-ggrrbq5u author: Ganguly, Shuvadeep title: Teleconsultations and Shared Care in Pediatric Oncology During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 words: 1251.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258410-ggrrbq5u.txt summary: Still, keeping in mind the immunosuppressive nature of anti-neoplastic therapy and our evolving understanding of the disease, pediatric oncology services have to tread carefully between treating cancer and limiting COVID-19 in this vulnerable population. With healthcare centres throughout the world grappling with COVID-19 pandemic with resource optimization, all aspects of cancer treatment were adversely affected, including ancillary services like blood product availability [2] . Over the course of last four months of this pandemic (April to July 2020), even with curtailing of healthcare services at our centre, 80 new cases (age ≤ 21 years) were registered and 39 children with acute leukemia and lymphoma were started on therapy. Managing pediatric cancer patients in COVID19 pandemic Chemotherapy adaptations in a referral tertiary care center in India for ongoing therapy of pediatric patients with solid tumors during COVID19 pandemic and lockdown. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03499-2 doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03499-2 id: cord-323274-vhcvbiqm author: Gansevoort, Ron T. title: CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-08-26 words: 1236.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323274-vhcvbiqm.txt summary: When the data for the CKD subgroups are compared, it becomes clear that a graded association exists between the level of kidney dysfunction and the risk of COVID-19 others report on disease-specific populations, for example, patients with a history of cardiovascular disease 8 . It is to be expec ted that disease-specific cohorts, especially those that only include hospitalized patients, will have higher mortality rates and different risk factor profiles from general population cohorts that include all infected patients. Inclusion of asymptomatic patients in study populations will result in lower COVID-19-associated mortality rates and a different risk factor profile. This analysis, which includes data for more than 17 million people in the UK, suggests that patients with chronic kidney disease are at higher risk than those with other known risk factors, including chronic heart and lung disease. abstract: A new study uses the OpenSAFELY health analytics platform to identify risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. This analysis, which includes data for more than 17 million people in the UK, suggests that patients with chronic kidney disease are at higher risk than those with other known risk factors, including chronic heart and lung disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-00349-4 doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-00349-4 id: cord-259952-58q4ma92 author: Ganson, Kyle T. title: Associations between Anxiety and Depression Symptoms and Medical Care Avoidance during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 958.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259952-58q4ma92.txt summary: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency health care utilization has acutely declined by 23% for heart attacks, 20% for strokes, and 10% for hyperglycemic crises. We fitted modified multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate the associations between four mental health symptoms (nervous, anxious, or on edge; not being able to stop or control worrying; little interest or pleasure in doing things; feeling down, depressed, or hopeless) in the past 7 days and medical care avoidance (delayed medical care; needed non-coronavirus medical care but did not get it) due to the coronavirus pandemic in the past 4 weeks. Individuals who experience all four symptoms of anxiety and depression had higher adjusted relative risk ratios of delayed medical care and not receiving needed non-coronavirus medical care, after adjustment for potential confounders (Table 2) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06156-8 id: cord-260374-06j1jlc6 author: Gao, Feng title: COVID‐19 and liver transplantation: Lessons learned from three reported cases date: 2020-06-02 words: 594.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260374-06j1jlc6.txt summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus.1 However, there is limited information on the impact of COVID-19 in liver transplant (LT) recipients. To the Editor, During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus. We reviewed three reported cases with detailed treatment information from China to better understand the features and associated therapeutic strategies used in transplant recipients with COVID-19. [2] [3] [4] As summarized in Table 1 , three patients all received immunosuppressive therapy after transplantation and were initially diagnosed as having mild disease and then progressed to severe illness. Zheng Ming-Hua. Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19 Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a liver transplant recipient abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus.1 However, there is limited information on the impact of COVID-19 in liver transplant (LT) recipients. We reviewed three reported cases with detailed treatment information from China to better understand the features and associated therapeutic strategies used in transplant recipients with COVID-19.2-4. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438464/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13335 id: cord-117445-zu2mns82 author: Gao, Jian title: Quantifying Policy Responses to a Global Emergency: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 7836.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt txt: ./txt/cord-117445-zu2mns82.txt summary: We also adopt alternative data sources for the COVID-19 tracking data, as provided by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (Fig. S5D) , alter the measures of a country''s effectiveness in containing the pandemic by calculating total confirmed cases instead of deaths (Fig. S5A) , examine per-capita death rates for each country (Fig. S5B) , and restrict the analysis to countries with a minimum number of COVID-19 policy documents (Fig. S6 ). Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published at least 25 policy documents in the prior 30 days. Regressions considering the effects of COVID policy attention on total deaths for countries that published a minimum number of COVID policy documents in the prior 30 days. abstract: Public policy must confront emergencies that evolve in real time and in uncertain directions, yet little is known about the nature of policy response. Here we take the coronavirus pandemic as a global and extraordinarily consequential case, and study the global policy response by analyzing a novel dataset recording policy documents published by government agencies, think tanks, and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) across 114 countries (37,725 policy documents from Jan 2nd through May 26th 2020). Our analyses reveal four primary findings. (1) Global policy attention to COVID-19 follows a remarkably similar trajectory as the total confirmed cases of COVID-19, yet with evolving policy focus from public health to broader social issues. (2) The COVID-19 policy frontier disproportionately draws on the latest, peer-reviewed, and high-impact scientific insights. Moreover, policy documents that cite science appear especially impactful within the policy domain. (3) The global policy frontier is primarily interconnected through IGOs, such as the WHO, which produce policy documents that are central to the COVID19 policy network and draw especially strongly on scientific literature. Removing IGOs' contributions fundamentally alters the global policy landscape, with the policy citation network among government agencies increasingly fragmented into many isolated clusters. (4) Countries exhibit highly heterogeneous policy attention to COVID-19. Most strikingly, a country's early policy attention to COVID-19 shows a surprising degree of predictability for the country's subsequent deaths. Overall, these results uncover fundamental patterns of policy interactions and, given the consequential nature of emergent threats and the paucity of quantitative approaches to understand them, open up novel dimensions for assessing and effectively coordinating global and local responses to COVID-19 and beyond. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13853v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-332995-n0zusu52 author: Gao, Jinrui title: Predictive criteria of severe cases in COVID‐19 patients of early stage: A retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-06 words: 2011.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332995-n0zusu52.txt summary: RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the higher level of hypersensitivity C‐reactive protein (OR = 4.77, 95% CI:1.92‐11.87, P = .001), elevated alanine aminotransferase (OR = 6.87, 95%CI:1.56‐30.21, P = .011), and chronic comorbidities (OR = 11.48, 95% CI:4.44‐29.66, P < .001) are the determining risk factors for the progression into severe pneumonia in COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSION: Early COVID‐19 patients with chronic comorbidities, elevated hs‐CRP or elevated ALT are significantly more likely to develop severe pneumonia as the disease progresses. Through univariate logistic regression models, we found that advanced age (≥65 years old), chronic comorbidities, lymphocytopenia, elevated hs-CRP, increased D-dimer, and elevated levels of ALT were the key risk factors for the progression of COVID-19 patients into their severe stage (Table 3) . Early COVID-19 patients with chronic comorbidities, elevated hs-CRP or increased ALT are significantly more likely to develop severe pneumonia as disease progresses. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) often suffer sudden deterioration of disease around 1‐2 weeks after onset. Once the disease progressed to severe phase, clinical prognosis of patients will significantly deteriorate. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective study on patients of all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) from Tianyou Hospital (Wuhan, China) and the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All 139 patients had laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 in their early stage, which is defined as within 7 days of clinical symptoms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the predictive factors in the early detection of patients who may subsequently develop into severe cases. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the higher level of hypersensitivity C‐reactive protein (OR = 4.77, 95% CI:1.92‐11.87, P = .001), elevated alanine aminotransferase (OR = 6.87, 95%CI:1.56‐30.21, P = .011), and chronic comorbidities (OR = 11.48, 95% CI:4.44‐29.66, P < .001) are the determining risk factors for the progression into severe pneumonia in COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSION: Early COVID‐19 patients with chronic comorbidities, elevated hs‐CRP or elevated ALT are significantly more likely to develop severe pneumonia as the disease progresses. These risk factors may facilitate the early diagnosis of critical patients in clinical practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32893398/ doi: 10.1002/jcla.23562 id: cord-268690-xle4bx49 author: Gao, Lei title: Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-03-10 words: 2010.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268690-xle4bx49.txt summary: Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were shown in figure 1 to analyze the prognostic value and the best cutoff of NT-proBNP for prediction in-hospital death. Meanwhile, older, male, history of hypertension (HP), myoglobin (MYO), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), high-sensitivity troponin-I (Hs-TnI), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), c-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were correlated with the risk of in-hospital death (Table 2) Modes of Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate the independent prognostic effect of NT-proBNP level. The present study for the first time showed the relationship between plasma NT-proBNP level and risks of in-hospital death in severe COVID-19 patients. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China has been declared a public health emergency of international concern. The cardiac injury was dominate in the process. However, whether N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) predicted outcome of COVID-19 patients was unknown. The study initially enrolled 102 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia from a continuous sample. After screening out the ineligible cases, 54 patients were analyzed in this study. Results found that patients with higher NT-proBNP (above 88.64 pg/mL) level had more risks of in-hospital death. After adjusting for potential cofounders in separate modes, NT-proBNP presented as an independent risk factor of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.20031575 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.07.20031575 id: cord-305169-5b4b0qx2 author: Gao, Liang-qin title: In Silico Screening of Potential Chinese Herbal Medicine Against COVID-19 by Targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II Using Molecular Docking date: 2020-07-06 words: 2584.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305169-5b4b0qx2.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To seek potential Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the molecular docking of the medicine with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and the angiotensin converting enzyme II(ACE2) as receptors, using computer virtual screening technique, so as to provide a basis for combination forecasting. Among 238 potential anti-COVID-19 herbs screened in total, 16 kinds of CHM containing the most active ingredients, and 5 candidate anti-COVID-19 herbs that had been used in high frequency, as well as a core drug pair, namely, Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were selected. Ran, et al (9) found that the disease pattern of 30.14% COVID-19 patients in Chongqing are pathogenic-heat obstructing in Fei. Among the 238 potential CHMs, heat-clearing herbs accounted for the largest proportion (29.41%), and the drug pair of Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is the most widely distributed active ingredient, and is selected as the predicted core drug Potential targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To seek potential Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the molecular docking of the medicine with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolytic enzyme and the angiotensin converting enzyme II(ACE2) as receptors, using computer virtual screening technique, so as to provide a basis for combination forecasting. METHODS: The molecular docking of CHM with the SARS-Cov-2 3CL hydrolase and the ACE2 converting enzyme, which were taken as the targets, was achieved by the Autodock Vina software. The CHM monomers acting on 3CLpro and ACE2 receptors were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the active ingredients were selected, and the key CHMs and compounds were speculated. Based on the perspective of network pharmacology, the chemical-target network was constructed, and the functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology and the pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes were carried out by DAVID to speculate about the mechanism of action of the core drug pairs. RESULTS: There are 6 small molecule compounds that have the optimal binding energy with the two target proteins. Among 238 potential anti-COVID-19 herbs screened in total, 16 kinds of CHM containing the most active ingredients, and 5 candidate anti-COVID-19 herbs that had been used in high frequency, as well as a core drug pair, namely, Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos were selected. CONCLUSION: The core drug pair of Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos containing multiple components and targets is easy to combine with 3CLpro and ACE2, and exerts an anti-COVID-19 pneumonia effect through multi-component and multi-target, and plays the role of anti-COVID-19 pneumonia in multi-pathway. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632717/ doi: 10.1007/s11655-020-3476-x id: cord-351369-ugba8uah author: Gao, Wenqi title: A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-11 words: 1417.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351369-ugba8uah.txt summary: title: A newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19 We reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with coronavirus disease 2019 . The nucleic acid test of pharyngeal swab showed positive, and the results of serum IgM and IgG antibody (colloidal gold method) were weak positive and strong positive, respectively, suggesting that the pregnant woman might be an asymptomatic infection case of COVID-19. On March 9, 2020 the nucleic acid test of neonatal COVID-19 pharyngeal swab was negative, however, and serum COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were normal and strong positive, respectively. Here, we reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19. Here, we reported a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19. abstract: Pregnant women are susceptible population of COVID-19 which are more likely to have complications and even progress to severe illness. Pregnancy with COVID-19 and neonates are rarely reported. We report a newborn with normal IgM and elevated IgG antibodies born to an asymptomatic infection mother with COVID-19. We assessed whether there was intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915771/ doi: 10.18632/aging.103346 id: cord-273725-0i0xg7gv author: Gao, Y. title: Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 words: 4238.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273725-0i0xg7gv.txt summary: title: Cancer is associated with the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Search terms included the following words: "COVID-19", "coronavirus disease-19", "new coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "novel corona virus", "novel coronavirus", "nCoV-2019", "novel coronavirus pneumonia", "2019 novel coronavirus", "coronavirus disease 2019", "SARS-CoV-2", "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "neoplasms", "neoplasia", "tumor", "tumour", "cancer", "malignancy", "clinical characteristic" "clinical feature", "risk factor", and "comorbidities". . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087031 doi: medRxiv preprint 13 that cancer was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease, which was inconsistent with the previous meta-analysis [7] . Our subgroup analyses found that the prevalence of cancer among COVID-19 patients in Italy, France, and Korea were higher than that in China, although the result was limited by the sample size. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: A retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. abstract: Background: Cancer patients are considered a highly vulnerable population in the COVID-19 epidemic, but the relationship between cancer and the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of cancer in patients with COVID-19 and to examine whether cancer patients with COVID-19 may be at an increased risk of severe illness and mortality. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search in seven databases was performed, to identified studies reporting the prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients, or providing data of cancer between patients with severe or non-severe illness or between non-survivors and survivors. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence and odds risk (OR) using the inverse variance method with the random-effects model. Results: Thirty-four studies with 8080 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of cancer in patients with COVID-19 was 2.0% (95% CI: 2.0% to 3.0%). The prevalence in Italy (5.0%), France (6.0%), and Korea (4.0%) were higher than that in China (2.0%). Cancer was associated with a 2.84-fold significantly increased risk of severe illness (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.75 to 4.62, P < 0.001) and a 2.60-fold increased risk of death (OR = 2.60, 95%CI: 1.28 to 5.26, P = 0.008) in patients with COVID-19. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were stable after excluding studies with a sample size of less than 100. Conclusions: Cancer patients have an increased risk of COVID-19 and cancer was associated with a significantly increased risk of severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087031 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087031 id: cord-259178-2opfkm7l author: Gao, Ya title: Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-09-02 words: 2786.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259178-2opfkm7l.txt summary: title: Research Collaboration and Outcome Measures of Interventional Clinical Trial Protocols for COVID-19 in China This study aimed to analyze research collaboration and distribution of outcome measures in registered interventional clinical trials (ICTs) of COVID-19 conducted in China. This study was designed to evaluate the cooperation between institutions and the distribution of outcome measures in registered interventional clinical trials (ICTs) of COVID-19 conducted in China, to provide a reference for future researchers to register and carry out COVID-19 clinical trials. We included registered ICTs of COVID-19 that conducted in China without restricting the types of interventions, comparisons, and outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the registered ICTs of COVID-19 conducted in China using the bibliometric analysis method and presented collaborations of provinces and institutions, and the distribution of outcome measures by using visual network maps and density maps. abstract: Background: Research collaboration of registered clinical trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze research collaboration and distribution of outcome measures in registered interventional clinical trials (ICTs) of COVID-19 conducted in China. Methods: The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, China Clinical Trials Registry, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched to obtain COVID-19-registered ICTs up to May 25, 2020. Excel 2016 was used to perform a descriptive statistical analysis of the extracted information. VOSviewer 1.6.14 software was used to generate network maps for provinces and institutions and create density maps for outcomes. Results: A total of 390 ICTs were included, and the number of daily registrations fluctuated greatly. From 29 provinces in China, 430 institutions contributed to the registration of ICTs. The top three productive provinces were Hubei (160/390, 41.03%), Shanghai (60/390, 15.38%), and Beijing (59/390, 15.13%). The top three productive institutions were Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (30/390, 7.69%), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (18/390, 4.62%), and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (18/390, 4.62%). Collaborations between provinces and institutions were not close enough. There were many interventions, but many trials did not provide specific drugs and their dosage and treatment duration. The most frequently used primary outcome was Chest/lung CT (53/390, 13.59%), and the most frequently used secondary outcome was hospital stay (33/390, 8.46%). There was a large difference in the number of outcomes, the expression of some outcomes was not standardized, the measurement time and tools for some outcomes were not clear, and there was a lack of special outcomes for trials of traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusions: Although there were some collaborations between provinces and institutions of the current COVID-19 ICT protocols in China, cooperation between regions should be further strengthened. The identified deficiencies in interventions and outcome measures should be given more attention by future researchers of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984256/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.554247 id: cord-261899-xv4ulh6u author: Gao, Yadong title: COVID-19: Risk factors for critical illness date: 2020-08-19 words: 1085.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261899-xv4ulh6u.txt summary: The reported risk factors associated with death rate of critical ill COVID-19 patients include male, older age (>65 years), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA), high blood d-dimer (>1000 ng/mL), cardiovascular comorbidities, higher concentrations of Interleuking-6 (IL-6) [2] and more affected pulmonary lobe numbers [7] . Except age, other risk factors identified in Liu''s report are different from a recent study in critical ill COVID-19 patients in New York city [4] . In the latter study, among 647 ICU admitted patients, the risk factors for critical illness include male, age (>65 years), heart failure, BMI > 40, diabetes, admission oxygen saturation< 88%, troponin level >1 ng/ml, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 200 mg/L and d-dimer> 2500 ng/ml. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100507 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100507 id: cord-351644-pl7xpivx author: Gao, Yelei title: Application of Telemedicine During the Coronavirus Disease Epidemics: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 words: 4712.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351644-pl7xpivx.txt summary: We included studies about the content of the consultation (such as symptoms, therapy and prevention, policy, public service), screening of suspected cases, the provision of advice given to those people who may have symptoms or contact history. Data extracted included: 1) Basic information: title, first author, publication year and study design; 2) participants: baseline characteristics and sample size; and 3) results: proportions of individuals using telemedicine for different contents of consultation (e.g. symptoms, therapy and prevention, policy, public service), details of screening of suspected cases, the provision of advice given to people who had symptoms or contact history, and the limitations of telemedicine. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065664 doi: medRxiv preprint proportion of consultation on public issues (including disease knowledge, epidemic situation and public issues of COVID-19/SARS). abstract: Background: As COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, early prevention and control of the epidemic is extremely important. Telemedicine, which includes medical advice given over telephone, Internet, mobile phone applications or other similar ways, may be an efficient way to reduce transmission and pressure on medical institutions. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang databases for literature on the use of telemedicine for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. from their inception to March 31st, 2020. We included studies about the content of the consultation (such as symptoms, therapy and prevention, policy, public service), screening of suspected cases, the provision of advice given to those people who may have symptoms or contact history. We conducted meta-analyses on the main outcomes of the studies. Results: A total of 2041 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After reading the full texts, we finally included nine studies. People were most concerned about symptoms (64.2%), epidemic situation and public problems (14.5%), and psychological problems (10.3%) during COVID-19 epidemic. During the SARS epidemic, the proportions of people asking for consultation for symptoms, prevention and therapy, and psychological problems were 35.0%, 22.0%, and 23.0%, respectively. Two studies demonstrated that telemedicine can be used to screen the suspected patients and give advice. One study emphasized the limited possibilities to follow up people calling hotlines and difficulties in identifying all suspect cases. Conclusions: Telemedicine services should focus on the issues that the public is most concerned about, such as then symptoms, prevention and treatment of the disease, and provide reasonable advice to patients with symptoms or people with epidemic history. Keywords：COVID-19; SARS; MERS; telemedicine; rapid review url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20065664 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20065664 id: cord-350949-ystkjdwk author: Gao, Yi-jie title: Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-03 words: 4518.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350949-ystkjdwk.txt summary: The meta-analysis showed the following results: the incidence of severe case or death was 12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.20, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.006; the incidence of fever was 51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.67, I 2 = 89%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of cough was 31, 95% CI: 0.23-0.39, I 2 = 38%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of lymphopenia was 49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.70, I 2 = 83%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of positive CT findings was 71, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93, I 2 = 90%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of coexisting disorders was 33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.44, I 2 = 70%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of preterm labor was 23, 95% CI: 0.14-0.32, I 2 = 21%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of caesarean section was 65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.87, I 2 = 90%, P < 0.00001; the incidence of fetal distress was 29, 95% CI: 0.08-0.49, I 2 = 68%, P = 0.007; the incidence of neonatal asphyxia or neonatal death or stillbirth was 9, 95% CI: − 0.03-0.21, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.14; the incidence of neonatal infection was 12, 95% CI: − 0.01-0.26, I 2 = 0%, P = 0.06; and SARS-CoV-2 testing of breast milk was only mentioned in the study by Chen H (2020.2.12), and the incidence was 0, which cannot be calculated by metaanalysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, has quickly spread throughout the world. In this study, we systematically reviewed the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from January 1, 2020, to April 16, 2020. Case reports and case series of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were included. Two reviewers screened 366 studies and 14 studies were included. Four reviewers independently extracted the features from the studies. We used a random-effects model to analyse the incidence (P) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) statistic. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 236 pregnant women with COVID-19. The results were as follows: positive CT findings (71%; 95% CI, 0.49–0.93), caesarean section (65%; 95% CI, 0.42–0.87), fever (51%; 95% CI, 0.35–0.67), lymphopenia (49%; 95% CI, 0.29–0.70), coexisting disorders (33%; 95% CI, 0.21–0.44), cough (31%; 95% CI, 0.23–0.39), fetal distress (29%; 95% CI, 0.08–0.49), preterm labor (23%; 95% CI, 0.14–0.32), and severe case or death (12%; 95% CI, 0.03–0.20). The subgroup analysis showed that compared with non-pregnant patients, pregnant women with COVID-19 had significantly lower incidences of fever (pregnant women, 51%; non-pregnant patients, 91%; P < 0.00001) and cough (pregnant women, 31%; non-pregnant patients, 67%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of fever, cough and positive CT findings in pregnant women with COVID-19 are less than those in the normal population with COVID-19, but the rate of preterm labor is higher among pregnant with COVID-19 than among normal pregnant women. There is currently no evidence that COVID-19 can spread through vertical transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05274-2 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05274-2 id: cord-304601-e6qlx1r6 author: Garcez, Flavia Barreto title: Delirium and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. date: 2020-08-24 words: 3484.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304601-e6qlx1r6.txt summary: A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has indicated that geriatric patients account for almost half of hospital admissions and up to 80% of deaths associated with COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, the most severe presentation of the disease. 16 Therefore, our aims were to investigate the occurrence of delirium in a cohort of older adults hospitalized with COVID-19, and explore its association with adverse outcomes in this population. 21 Although these findings stress the relevance of impaired consciousness as a predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical meaning of delirium as a full syndrome was not addressed in the study. In our study, we found consistent evidence that delirium is associated with adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Unlike previous studies, we demonstrated the association between delirium not only with in-hospital death but also with length of stay, intensive care admission and ventilator utilization. abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between acute mental changes and adverse outcomes in hospitalized adults with COVID‐19. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of delirium in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and explore its association with adverse outcomes. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital dedicated to the care of severe cases of COVID‐19 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 707 patients aged ≥50 years consecutively admitted to the hospital between March and May 2020. MEASUREMENTS: We completed detailed reviews of electronic medical records to collect our data. We identified delirium occurrence using the Chart‐based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART‐DEL). Trained physicians with a background in geriatric medicine completed all CHART‐DEL assessments. We complemented our baseline clinical information using telephone interviews with participants or their proxy. Our outcomes of interest were in‐hospital death, length of stay, admission to intensive care, and ventilator utilization. We adjusted all multivariable analyses for age, sex, clinical history, vital signs, and relevant laboratory biomarkers (lymphocyte count, C‐reactive protein, glomerular filtration rate, D‐dimer, albumin). RESULTS: Overall, we identified delirium in 234 participants (33%). On admission, 86 (12%) were delirious. We observed 263 deaths (37%) in our sample, and in‐hospital mortality reached 55% in patients who experienced delirium. Delirium was associated with in‐hospital death, with an adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 1.75 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]= 1.15‐2.66); the association held both in middle‐aged and older adults. Delirium was also associated with increased length of stay, admission to intensive care, and ventilator utilization. CONCLUSION: Delirium was independently associated with in‐hospital death in adults aged ≥50 years with COVID‐19. Despite the difficulties for patient care during the pandemic, clinicians should routinely monitor delirium when assessing severity and prognosis of COVID‐19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835425/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16803 id: cord-264113-dh74pv64 author: Garcia Garcia de Alcaniz, J. title: Groundbreaking predictions about COVID-19 pandemic duration, number of infected and dead: A novel mathematical approach never used in epidemiology date: 2020-08-06 words: 2809.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264113-dh74pv64.txt summary: Hundreds of predictions about the duration of the pandemic and the number of infected and dead have been carried out using traditional epidemiological tools (i.e. SIR, SIRD models, etc.) or new procedures of big-data analysis. However, several elegant mathematical approaches, based on physics and probability principles, like the Delta-t argument, Lindy''s Law or the Doomsday principle-Carter''s catastrophe, which have been successfully applied by scientists to unravel complex phenomena characterized by their great uncertainty (i.e. Human race''s longevity; How many more humans will be born before extinction) allow predicting parameters of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there are some elegant mathematical approaches, based on basic science, physics and probability principles, like the Copernican principle and the Delta-argument, Lindy''s Law, the Doomsday principle-Carter''s catastrophe, all of which allow predicting complex phenomena characterized by their great uncertainty, as the Covid-19 pandemic is. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20168781 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 Predictions about number of infected and dead by COVID-19 based on the Doomsday argument. abstract: Hundreds of predictions about the duration of the pandemic and the number of infected and dead have been carried out using traditional epidemiological tools (i.e. SIR, SIRD models, etc.) or new procedures of big-data analysis. However, the extraordinary complexity of the disease and the lack of knowledge about the pandemic (i.e. R value, mortality rate, etc.) create uncertainty about the accuracy of these estimates. However, several elegant mathematical approaches, based on physics and probability principles, like the Delta-t argument, Lindy's Law or the Doomsday principle-Carter's catastrophe, which have been successfully applied by scientists to unravel complex phenomena characterized by their great uncertainty (i.e. Human race's longevity; How many more humans will be born before extinction) allow predicting parameters of the Covid-19 pandemic. These models predict that the COVID-19 pandemic will hit us until at least September-October 2021, but will likely last until January-September 2022, causing a minimum of 36,000,000 infected and most likely 60,000,000, as well as 1,400,000 dead at best and most likely 2,333,000. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.20168781 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.05.20168781 id: cord-268176-tb12txdf author: Garcia de Avila, Marla Andréia title: Children’s Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale date: 2020-08-09 words: 5794.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268176-tb12txdf.txt summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. There were no statistically significant differences for NRS and the studied variables, but the prevalence of anxiety was highest among the children who maintained social distance with someone other than the parents (28.6%, n = 16). Higher levels of anxiety (CAQ ≥ 9) were associated with social distancing, the number of persons at home, guardians'' age, and education level of the guardians. The prevalence of anxiety among the children during the COVID-19 pandemic in this group was 19.4% (n = 56), according to the CAQ, and 21.8% (n = 63), according to the NRS. abstract: The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s lives deserve attention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. We used a cross-sectional design with an online survey from April to May 2020 in Brazil. We included children aged 6–12 years and their guardians. The Children’s Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ; scores 4–12) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; scores 0–10) were used to measure anxiety. We enrolled 157 girls and 132 boys, with a mean age of 8.84 (±2.05) years; 88.9% of respondents were mothers. Based on CAQ ≥ 9, the prevalence of anxiety was 19.4% (n = 56), and higher among children with parents with essential jobs and those who were social distancing without parents. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. Based on NRS > 7, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.8% (n = 63); however, no associations with NRS scores were found with the investigated variables. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing public health actions targeting these parents and their children at the population level. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165757 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165757 id: cord-323074-u3bs5sj0 author: Garcia, L. P. title: ESTIMATING UNDERDIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 WITH NOWCASTING AND MACHINE LEARNING: EXPERIENCE FROM BRAZIL date: 2020-07-02 words: 3795.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323074-u3bs5sj0.txt summary: This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. To help overcome this challenge, the present study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19 cases, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital city. The following variables were extracted from anonymized database of suspected and confirmed cases: i) diagnostic (confirmed, discarded or missing), ii) sex, iii) age (in years), The number of infected people (with a positive diagnosis and less than 14 days of symptom onset) and the rate of infected people per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated for the health regions where each notified person resides. abstract: Background: Brazil has the second largest COVID-19 number of cases, worldly. Even so, underdiagnosis in the country is massive. Nowcasting techniques have helped to overcome the underdiagnosis. Recent advances in machine learning techniques offer opportunities to refine the nowcasting. This study aimed to analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19, through nowcasting with machine learning, in a South of Brazil capital. Methods: The study has an observational ecological design. It used data from 3916 notified cases of COVID-19, from April 14th to June 02nd, 2020, in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. We used machine-learning algorithm to classify cases which had no diagnosis yet, producing the nowcast. To analyze the underdiagnosis, we compared the difference between the data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis at the moment of data extraction. Results: The number of new cases throughout the entire period, without nowcasting, was 389. With nowcasting, it was 694 (UI95 496-897,025). At the six days period, the number without nowcasting was 19 and 104 (95% UI 60-142) with. The underdiagnosis was 37.29% in the entire period and 81.73% at the six days period. Conclusions: The underdiagnosis was more critical in six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis before the data collection than in the entire period. The use of nowcasting with machine learning techniques can help to estimate the number of new cases of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.01.20144402 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144402 id: cord-331208-bgh1a14p author: Garcia, M. title: Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID-19 disease severity date: 2020-10-14 words: 3300.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331208-bgh1a14p.txt summary: The activated ILC profile of COVID-19 patients was associated with soluble inflammatory markers, while frequencies of ILC subsets were correlated with laboratory parameters that reflect the disease severity. ILCs (hereafter referred to as total ILCs), as well as the absolute counts of the specific 302 subsets ILC1, ILC2 and ILCp, were decreased in peripheral blood of COVID-19 303 patients as compared with controls ( Fig. 2A-D) . Overall, these findings suggest that the ILCs remaining in the circulation of 362 COVID-19 patients are activated and show an altered expression of chemokine 363 All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.20211367 doi: medRxiv preprint findings on altered frequencies of CXCR3 + and CD69 + ILCs in COVID-19 (Fig. 3A) , 398 ILC1 428 frequencies also positively correlated with parameters that did not differ between the 429 two COVID-19 patient groups, i.e. platelet counts, serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and 430 days post symptom debut (Fig. 6C) . abstract: Objectives: The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is unknown. Understanding the immune response in COVID-19 could contribute to unravel the pathogenesis and identification of treatment targets. To describe the phenotypic landscape of circulating ILCs in COVID-19 patients and to identify ILC phenotypes correlated to serum biomarkers, clinical markers, and laboratory parameters relevant in COVID-19. Methods: Blood samples collected from moderately (n=11) and severely ill (n=12) COVID-19 patients as well as healthy control donors (n=16), were analyzed with 18-parameter flow cytometry. Using supervised and unsupervised approaches, we examined the ILC activation status and homing profile. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained from all COVID-19 patients and serum biomarkers were analyzed with multiplex immunoassays. Results: ILCs were largely depleted from the circulation of COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls. Remaining circulating ILCs from patients revealed increased frequencies of ILC2 in moderate COVID-19, with a concomitant decrease of ILC precursors (ILCp), as compared with controls. ILC2 and ILCp showed an activated phenotype with increased CD69 expression, whereas expression levels of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 were significantly altered in ILC2 and ILCp, and ILC1, respectively. The activated ILC profile of COVID-19 patients was associated with soluble inflammatory markers, while frequencies of ILC subsets were correlated with laboratory parameters that reflect the disease severity. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the potential role of ILCs in immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, particularly linked to the severity of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.13.20211367v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211367 id: cord-283673-oyefmgl3 author: Garcia, Marc A title: The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Pandemic’s Disproportionate Impact on Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities date: 2020-08-05 words: 3859.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283673-oyefmgl3.txt summary: RESULTS: We identify three proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (1) Risk of exposure; (2) Weathering processes; and (3) Health care access and quality. Below we discuss how proximate mechanisms place older Blacks and Latinxs at an elevated health risk from the COVID-19 pandemic compared to Whites, while also highlighting examples of why structural racism is a fundamental driver of these inequalities. Structural racism in the forms of residential and occupational segregation (i.e. the unequal distribution of racial/ethnic groups across neighborhoods and jobs) and wealth inequalities shape living and working conditions in ways that put Blacks and Latinxs at greater risk of COVID-19 exposure and limit their ability to A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t practice physical distancing (Ray, 2020) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this evidence-based theoretically informed essay is to provide an overview of how and why the COVID-19 outbreak is particularly detrimental for the health of older Black and Latinx adults. METHODS: We draw upon current events, academic literature, and numerous data sources to illustrate how biopsychosocial factors place older adults at higher risk for COVID-19 relative to younger adults, and how structural racism magnifies these risks for older Black and Latinx adults. RESULTS: We identify three proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (1) Risk of exposure; (2) Weathering processes; and (3) Health care access and quality. DISCUSSION: While the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis, the racial/ethnic health inequalities among older adults it has exposed are long-standing and deeply rooted in structural racism within American society. This knowledge presents both challenges and opportunities for researchers and policymakers as they seek to address the needs of older adults. It is imperative that federal, state, and local governments collect and release comprehensive data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by race/ethnicity and age to better gauge the impact of outbreak across minority communities. We conclude with a discussion of incremental steps to be taken to lessen the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among older Black and Latinx adults, as well as the need for transformative actions that address structural racism in order to achieve population health equity. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa114 doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa114 id: cord-310636-y7n22ykt author: Garcia-Beltran, W. F. title: COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival date: 2020-10-20 words: 10879.0 sentences: 545.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310636-y7n22ykt.txt summary: A quantitative ELISA that measures IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and a high-throughput neutralization assay using lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 and WIV1-CoV were developed to assess neutralization potency and cross-neutralizing responses. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of this assay by assessing anti-RBD antibody levels in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient serum samples collected between 14 to 42 days after symptom onset ( n = 85) in order to maximize seropositivity for IgG, IgM, and IgA. Anti-RBD IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were measured for each sample by interpolation on to the standard curve and a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determined optimal cut-offs that distinguished SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from pre-pandemic controls ( Figure 2C ). However, a principle components analysis (PCA) that included demographic data, pre-existing medical conditions, laboratory data, treatments received, anti-RBD antibody levels and neutralization titers but not clinical outcomes demonstrated clustering of patients by the severity cohorts ( Figure 4A ). abstract: COVID-19 exhibits variable symptom severity ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening, yet the relationship between severity and the humoral immune response is poorly understood. We examined antibody responses in 113 COVID-19 patients and found that severe cases resulting in intubation or death exhibited increased inflammatory markers, lymphopenia, and high anti-RBD antibody levels. While anti-RBD IgG levels generally correlated with neutralization titer, quantitation of neutralization potency revealed that high potency was a predictor of survival. In addition to neutralization of wild-type SARS-CoV-2, patient sera were also able to neutralize the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 mutant D614G, suggesting protection from reinfection by this strain. However, SARS-CoV-2 sera was unable to cross-neutralize a highly-homologous pre-emergent bat coronavirus, WIV1-CoV, that has not yet crossed the species barrier. These results highlight the importance of neutralizing humoral immunity on disease progression and the need to develop broadly protective interventions to prevent future coronavirus pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106822/ doi: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20213512 id: cord-233012-ltbvpv8b author: Garcia-Gasulla, Dario title: Global Data Science Project for COVID-19 Summary Report date: 2020-06-10 words: 4753.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-233012-ltbvpv8b.txt summary: We quantitatively analysed the multifaceted impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our societies including people''s mobility, health, and social behaviour changes. The GDSP (Global Data Science Project) for COVID-19 consists of an international team focusing on various societal aspects including mobility, health, economics, education, and online behavior. The purpose of the GDSP is to quantitatively measure the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our societies in terms of people''s mobility, health, and behaviour changes, and inform public and private decision-makers to make effective and appropriate policy decisions. We analyzed the changes in traffic volumes and a bicycle sharing service in New York City to examine the effect of COVID-19 and announcements from the city government. We select the data of two weeks (March 25, 2020 -April 7, 2020 , and apply our model to predict the emotions on all the tweets we crawled (around 3 million each day) that contain the two "masks" and "lockdown" respectively. abstract: This paper aims at providing the summary of the Global Data Science Project (GDSC) for COVID-19. as on May 31 2020. COVID-19 has largely impacted on our societies through both direct and indirect effects transmitted by the policy measures to counter the spread of viruses. We quantitatively analysed the multifaceted impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our societies including people's mobility, health, and social behaviour changes. People's mobility has changed significantly due to the implementation of travel restriction and quarantine measurements. Indeed, the physical distance has widened at international (cross-border), national and regional level. At international level, due to the travel restrictions, the number of international flights has plunged overall at around 88 percent during March. In particular, the number of flights connecting Europe dropped drastically in mid of March after the United States announced travel restrictions to Europe and the EU and participating countries agreed to close borders, at 84 percent decline compared to March 10th. Similarly, we examined the impacts of quarantine measures in the major city: Tokyo (Japan), New York City (the United States), and Barcelona (Spain). Within all three cities, we found the significant decline in traffic volume. We also identified the increased concern for mental health through the analysis of posts on social networking services such as Twitter and Instagram. Notably, in the beginning of April 2020, the number of post with #depression on Instagram doubled, which might reflect the rise in mental health awareness among Instagram users. Besides, we identified the changes in a wide range of people's social behaviors, as well as economic impacts through the analysis of Instagram data and primary survey data. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05573v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-254095-qkkimenx author: Garcés, Leah title: COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture’s vulnerability date: 2020-05-14 words: 1020.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254095-qkkimenx.txt summary: Of course, COVID-19 has tested other facets of the food sector, but thousands of sick slaughterhouse workers and millions of wasted animal lives illustrate the unique frailties of the system built to meet our global demand for animal protein. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations even stated that "livestock health is the weakest link in our global health chain" (FAO 2013). Governments can encourage this plant-based push by providing grants to scientists studying alternative protein production This article is part of the Topical Collection: Agriculture, Food & Covid-19. Third, we must empower animal farmers to lead this global transition from factory farming by helping them grow plants, such as hemp, mushrooms, and leafy greens, instead. The COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps our best chance to hit reset on our protein production system and reimagine how to feed the world. Corporations must shift their supply chains to improve animal welfare while growing the market share of plant-based products. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10099-5 doi: 10.1007/s10460-020-10099-5 id: cord-275754-1thebz19 author: García Bascones, M. title: Luchando contra la covid-19: labor asistencial de los médicos rehabilitadores españoles. Estudio transversal date: 2020-08-08 words: 2884.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275754-1thebz19.txt summary: En las primeras semanas muchos servicios anularon las consultas, valorando de manera presencial únicamente pacientes con criterios de urgencia, realizando consultas telefónicas y cerrando salas de tratamiento; posteriormente muchos rehabilitadores pasaron a formar parte de equipos médicos de valoración de pacientes Covid tanto en planta como en urgencia y en las últimas semanas se empieza a recuperar la actividad rehabilitadora con la valoración de las patologías derivadas del propio virus, fundamentalmente de pacientes de unidades de críticos, sin haberse recuperado la total normalidad en el funcionamiento de los Servicios hasta el momento. El estudio se realizó a través de una encuesta realizada durante la semana del 14 al 22 de Abril de 2020, que recogía información sobre la actuación de los Servicios de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de España con acreditación para la formación MIR. abstract: Abstract Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto y la organización tanto asistencial como docente en los Servicios de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de España ante el nuevo y cambiante escenario debido a la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realiza una encuesta dirigida a los tutores de los Servicios de Rehabilitación. Un total de 31 preguntas divididas en 6 apartados: Información general de los Servicios, adaptación del Servicio durante el periodo Covid, labor asistencial de los médicos rehabilitadores, abordaje rehabilitador de pacientes Covid, consecuencia de la pandemia sobre la salud de los rehabilitadores y labores de tutoría durante ese periodo. Resultados: Se recibieron un total de 54 encuestas. Casi la mitad de los Servicios cancelaron todas las consultas presenciales (40%) y las salas de terapias se destinaron a camas de pacientes Covid (48%). En 30 hospitales (55.6%) los facultativos han trabajado en plantas Covid. La gran mayoría de los Servicios han elaborado material gráfico y audiovisual con ejercicios, así como protocolos de derivación y tratamiento rehabilitador de pacientes Covid ingresados. Casi la mitad de los Servicios encuestados han tenido algún caso de ansiedad en el personal médico. Las labores de tutoría se han anulado (40,7%) o disminuido (35,2%). Conclusiones: La organización de los Servicios de Rehabilitación para hacer frente a la pandemia ha sido similar en todo el territorio español. La respuesta de los Servicios a la crisis sanitaria ha visualizado la versatilidad de trabajo de los médicos rehabilitadores. Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse both the impact of the pandemic and clinical and teaching organisation in Spanish Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Departments during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey was conducted of the tutors of rehabilitation departments. The questionnaire contained 31 questions divided into 6 parts about the following: general information on the department, adaptation of rehabilitation departments to the Covid pandemic, clinical work of rehabilitation physicians, the approach to rehabilitation in Covid patients, and the effects of the pandemic on the health and teaching activity of rehabilitation physicians during this period. Results: A total of 54 responses were obtained. Almost half of the departments cancelled face-to-face medical consultations (40%) and 48% of the treatment rooms were turned into Covid beds. In 30 hospitals (55.6%), the physicians worked in Covid units. Most of the rehabilitation departments developed both graphic and audiovisual material with exercises, referral protocols and guidelines for the rehabilitation management and treatment of Covid 19 patients. Half of the departments reported some anxiety symptoms in medical staff. Tutorial work has been cancelled (40.7%) or reduced (35.2%). Conclusions: The organisation of Spanish rehabilitation departments in response to the Covid pandemic has been very similar throughout the country. The response of these departments to the healthcare crisis has revealed the versatility of rehabilitation physicians. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004871202030089X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rh.2020.07.002 id: cord-301299-flb5wwzg author: García, Inés Suárez title: SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a hospital in Madrid, Spain date: 2020-07-21 words: 3951.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301299-flb5wwzg.txt summary: AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) between February 24(th) to April 30(th), 2020 in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. Therefore, we designed a retrospective cohort study whose aim was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. During the study period, HCWs experiencing symptoms consistent with probable COVID-19 were instructed to present at the Occupational Health outpatient clinic, where they were managed according to the hospital protocol: a nasopharyngeal swab was collected and analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. A case of COVID-19 was defined as any HCW presenting to the Occupational Health outpatient clinic with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) between February 24(th) to April 30(th), 2020 in a hospital in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study. Cumulative COVID-19 incidence was calculated for all HCWs and categorized according to presumed level of COVID-19 exposure (high, medium and low). RESULTS: Among 1,911 HCW, 213 (11.1%) had COVID-19 during the study period. Cases increased gradually from March 8(th), peaking in March 17(th) and declining thereafter. The peak of cases among HCWs was reached 14 days before the peak in admitted COVID-19 cases in the hospital. There were no significant differences in the proportion of COVID-19 cases according to level of occupational exposure (p=0.123). There were 5 departments and 2 professions in which more than 20% of the workers had confirmed COVID-19. We identified temporal clusters in three of these departments and one profession, with most of the cases occurring over a period of less than 5 days. The prevalence of comorbidities was low and 91.5% of patients had mild or moderate symptoms. Eleven patients were admitted to the hospital and 1 patient needed intensive care. None of the patients died. The median time of sick leave was 20 (IQR: 15 – 26) days. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HCW-to-HCW transmission accounted for part of the cases. In spite of a low prevalence of comorbidities and a mild clinical course in most cases, COVID-19 caused long periods of sick leave. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120303510 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.020 id: cord-301873-50ym0rdm author: García, Juan Manuel Picardo title: COVID-19 en residencias de mayores: una asignatura pendiente date: 2020-05-21 words: 2143.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301873-50ym0rdm.txt summary: Ello se debe a varias causas: a un espacio vital que, en ocasiones, puede estar saturado con pocos metros por habitante; a una ventilación inadecuada y una higiene deficiente si se compara con las medidas higiénicas recomendadas para hacer frente al COVID-19 (por ejemplo, la fijación de este coronavirus en objetos metálicos como andadores y objetos de plástico de uso compartido); y a la falta de un personal cualificado para el control de la infección y, en particular, para prevenir la transmisión del COVID-19. Estos factores puedan haber agravado el impacto del COVID-19 en las residencias de nuestro entorno, unido a la falta de recursos básicos para el control de infecciones como los equipos de protección individual (EPIs) y de tests para la detección y el seguimiento activo de las personas infectadas. Las residencias geriátricas deben adoptar medidas proactivas para proteger la salud de los residentes, personal y visitantes. abstract: Resumen Antecedentes: En un brote de Covid-19, las residencias geriátricas asistidas son entornos donde existe un riesgo elevado tener resultados graves. Ello se debe tanto a la edad avanzada de los residentes y a la frecuencia con que presentan problemas de salud crónicos como al movimiento del personal sanitario entre instalaciones de la zona. Métodos: Tras la identificación, el 28 de febrero de 2020, de un caso confirmado de Covid-19 en una residencia asistida en el condado de King, Washington. Salud Pública-Seattle y el condado de King, con la ayuda de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades pusieron en marcha una investigación del caso, la localización de contactos, la cuarentena de las personas expuestas, el aislamiento de los casos confirmados y sospechosos y la mejora in situ de la prevención y el control de la infección. Resultados: El 18 de marzo, se determinó que un total de 167 casos confirmados de Covid-19 que afectaban a 101 residentes, 50 trabajadores sanitarios y 16 visitantes, estaban vinculados epidemiológicamente a la residencia. La mayoría de los residentes afectados presentaban enfermedades respiratorias compatibles con el Covid-19; sin embargo, en 7 residentes no se documentaron síntomas. Las tasas de hospitalización de los residentes, los visitantes y del personal fueron del 54,5%, 50,0% y 6,0%, respectivamente. La tasa de letalidad de los residentes fue del 33,7% (34 de 101). En esa misma fecha se había identificado al menos un caso confirmado de Covid-19 en un total de 30 centros asistidos en el condado de King. Conclusiones: En el contexto del rápido aumento de los brotes de Covid-19, se necesitan medidas proactivas por parte de las residencias geriátricas para identificar y excluir al personal y a los visitantes potencialmente infectados, vigilar activamente a los pacientes potencialmente infectados y aplicar medidas apropiadas de prevención y control de la infección para evitar la introducción del Covid-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1130862120303120 doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.015 id: cord-311081-fsnthvrq author: García, Laura Fernández title: RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 927.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311081-fsnthvrq.txt summary: title: RELACIÓN ENTRE OBESIDAD, DIABETES E INGRESO EN UCI EN PACIENTES COVID-19 Basado en la evidencia inicial sobre esta pandemia, se ha definido que la población de mayor edad y/o asociación de patologías crónicas (hipertensión arterial, diabetes, obesidad), es más propensa a desarrollar formas clínicas más graves de la infección. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la relación entre obesidad, necesidad de oxigenoterapia con mascarilla reservorio y necesidad de UCI; así como analizar el perfil cardiovascular de los pacientes que han precisado ingreso hospitalario por neumonía COVID-19. No se obtuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la necesidad de reservorio y las variables IMC, hipertensión, dislipemia y diabetes. Para concluir, en este estudio no se ha podido definir la obesidad como factor que influye en la infección por COVID-19, en términos de precisar ingreso en UCI y/o necesidad suplementación de oxigenoterapia en mascarilla con reservorio; pero sí se ha demostrado asociación entre la diabetes y el ingreso en UCI. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025775320303985 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.009 id: cord-293360-nmttgxlq author: García, Leidy Y. title: Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: A multifactorial consideration date: 2020-11-10 words: 519.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293360-nmttgxlq.txt summary: Specifically, the willingness to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 depends on: (a) Availability, i.e. the actual existence of an effective vaccine and its country of origin; (b) Access to the vaccine, which could be limited by individual or governmental budgetary restrictions to finance preventive public health measures; (c) Perceived health risk, which depends on the intensity and severity of side effects and COVID-19 prevalence; (d) Information on benefits, risks and access pathways; (e) Previous experience with other vaccines and exposure to diseases, as this affects risk perception; and (f) Sociodemographic factors including age, education level, gender and more. [4] and Harrison [5] , a transparent educational and communicative campaign is needed, one that considers interaction between health policymakers in a way that allows people to value the personal and social benefit of being vaccinated against COVID-19, reducing hesitation. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X20313207 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.026 id: cord-323540-7b2mt1a8 author: García, Leidy Y. title: Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine date: 2020-06-25 words: 4014.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323540-7b2mt1a8.txt summary: Therefore, the objective of this research was to estimate the individual''s willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and, at the same time, find the main factors that determine this valuation. The main results showed that the WTP depends on the preexistence of chronic disease ([Formula: see text]), knowledge of COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), being sick with COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), perception of government performance ([Formula: see text]), employment status ([Formula: see text]), income ([Formula: see text]), health care ([Formula: see text]), adaptation to quarantine with children at home ([Formula: see text] and whether the person has recovered from COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]. In the second section, the potential attributes of the vaccine and the context of contagion risk were presented; that is, we described the contingent market and asked about the WTP and the protest responses of individuals who are not willing to pay due to economic or moral reasons (15 items). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had a negative impact on people’s health and life behavior, but also on economies around the world. At the same time, laboratories and institutions are working hard to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, which we hope will be available soon. However, there has been no assessment of whether an individual and society value ​​a vaccine monetarily, and what factors determine this value. Therefore, the objective of this research was to estimate the individual’s willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and, at the same time, find the main factors that determine this valuation. For this, we used the contingent valuation approach, in its single and double-bounded dichotomous choice format, which was based on a hypothetical market for a vaccine. The sample used was obtained through an online survey of n = 566 individuals from Chile. The main results showed that the WTP depends on the preexistence of chronic disease ([Formula: see text]), knowledge of COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), being sick with COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]), perception of government performance ([Formula: see text]), employment status ([Formula: see text]), income ([Formula: see text]), health care ([Formula: see text]), adaptation to quarantine with children at home ([Formula: see text] and whether the person has recovered from COVID-19 ([Formula: see text]. According to our discrete choice model in double-bounded dichotomous format, it was concluded that the individuals’ WTP is US$184.72 (CI: 165.52-203.92; p < 0.01). This implies a social valuation of approximately US$2,232 million, corresponding to 1.09% of the GNP per capita. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620375/ doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.068 id: cord-326189-41t2sshy author: García-Colón, Ismael title: The COVID-19 spring and the expendability of guestworkers date: 2020-07-29 words: 3527.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326189-41t2sshy.txt summary: If the supply of local workers available to work under the wage and conditions set forth by growers and government officials was insufficient, the US Department of Labor certified the use of guestworkers. The argument from many government officials, growers, and labor advocates is that the need for guestworkers derives from the fact that only small numbers of local workers have applied for agricultural jobs, as most of the local population is unwilling to work under arduous agricultural labor conditions characterized by long hours and low wages (Thompson 2020) . Large agribusiness interests and their allied government officials continue to promote policies facilitating labor control and guestworker programs because of their reliance on deportable, low-wage, and immigrant workers. Agricultural businesses expect 200,000 seasonal guest farmworkers from Mexico and Central America to enter the USA with H-2A visas (Leslie 2020 When government officials and growers talk of labor shortages, they are signaling their inability to attract domestic workers who would settle for low wages and still earn enough to sustain their families. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6 doi: 10.1007/s10624-020-09601-6 id: cord-281411-la8njxc1 author: García-Fernández, Amaya title: Utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 1264.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt summary: During March and April of 2020, a study was conducted in our hospital to analyze the effect of treatment with HCQ (either alone or in combination with AZ) on the QTc and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who met the high-risk criteria for QTc prolongation (female, age░>░65 years, history of heart disease, chronic renal disease, or diabetes, or taking both medications together). This protocol included a series of precautions to be taken before and during treatment: a) review what other medications the patient is taking that could prolong the QTc; b) correct electrolyte imbalances; c) avoid bradycardia; and d) perform close electrocardiographic monitoring. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S188558572030428X doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.020 id: cord-283521-smg1uw35 author: García-Hernández, Rafael title: Inmunomodulación mediante CONVEHY® para COVID-19: de la tormenta al anticiclón de citoquinas date: 2020-08-29 words: 1649.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283521-smg1uw35.txt summary: La causa de la pandemia COVID-19 es la infección por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Esta disfunción orgánica del huésped es causada por una respuesta inflamatoria desregulada y potencialmente mortal que inicialmente tiene complicaciones pulmonares graves(1)(2). El protocolo CONVEHY (suplementos en línea 1, 2, 3) fue desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación de Hiperfiltración para controlar la Respuesta Inflamatoria Desregulada (RID) y la tormenta de citoquinas a través de la inmunomodulación en pacientes bajo choque séptico severo (9) . La membrana oXiris® recibió la Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (AUE) por la FDA de los Estados Unidos para tratar a pacientes con COVID-19 confirmado. En pacientes con COVID-19 el momento de inicio de la técnica puede ser decisivo y por ahora debemos basarnos en factores de riesgo epidemiológicos y clínicos para este fin (Figura 2 y Tabla 1). Recomendaciones prácticas para el manejo perioperatorio del paciente con sospecha o infección grave por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0034935620301985 doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.001 id: cord-347308-l19snjyf author: García-Howard, Marcos title: Case Report: Benign Infantile Seizures Temporally Associated With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 3095.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347308-l19snjyf.txt summary: Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. Additionally, during hospitalization, the patient and her mother were included in a collaborative study of genomic medicine for identifying genetic variants causing hyperimmunity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Background: Non-febrile illness seizures may present in previously healthy children as afebrile seizures associated with minor infections, such as mild gastroenteritis or respiratory tract infections, and are linked to a genetic predisposition. For the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, fever, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints are the most common symptoms in children, and a hyperimmune response may be present. No detailed temporally associated neurological complications have been documented in pediatric case series so far. Case description: We present the case of a 3-months-old girl with non-febrile repeated seizures in a COVID-19 family setting. The infant started with a mild fever and cough that lasted for 2 days. At day 6 from onset, the girl presented with two focal motor seizures with impaired consciousness and awareness. All investigations ruled out signs of meningo-encephalitis or active epilepsy, including normal electroencephalogram and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. PCR from nasal and throat swabs was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, blood ferritin and D-dimer levels were increased. At day 9, the infant presented another afebrile motor seizure, and levetiracetam dose was modified there was a favorable response within 3 months of the follow-up. Much interest has been raised with regards to host genetic determinants to disease severity and susceptibility to COVID-19. We thus performed whole exome sequencing, revealing a pathogenic frameshift mutation in the PRRT2 gene in both the mother and the infant. The mother had presented two late infantile febrile convulsions with normal outcome afterwards. Discussion: The hyperimmune response described in adult cases with COVID-19 can be seen in infants, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. Moreover, COVID-19 may present in infants as non-febrile seizures, triggering early onset seizures in infants with a genetic predisposition. In this pandemic situation, precision medicine using massive sequencing can shed light on underlying molecular mechanisms driving the host response to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850563/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00507 id: cord-340796-0l9v9f1e author: García-Manzanedo, Sofía title: SÍNDROME DE GUILLAIN-BARRÉ TRAS INFECCIÓN POR COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 words: 924.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340796-0l9v9f1e.txt summary: RESUMEN La infección por COVID-19 declarada pandemia en el 2020 y cuya gravedad está relacionada con el desarrollo de distrés pulmonar, también presenta afectación a otros niveles incluyendo cuadros neurológicos que hasta el momento han pasado más desapercibidos. Nosotros presentamos un caso de un varón de 77 años con la variante de debilidad faringo-cervico-braquial del Síndrome de Guillain Barré tras un ingreso por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19. La infección por COVID-19 declarada pandemia en el 2020 y cuya gravedad está relacionada con el desarrollo de distrés pulmonar, también presenta afectación a otros niveles incluyendo cuadros neurológicos que hasta el momento han pasado más desapercibidos. Nosotros presentamos un caso de un varón de 77 años con la variante de debilidad faringo-cervicobraquial del Síndrome de Guillain Barré tras un ingreso por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19. A continuación, presentamos un caso de Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) tras infección por COVID-19. abstract: RESUMEN La infección por COVID-19 declarada pandemia en el 2020 y cuya gravedad está relacionada con el desarrollo de distrés pulmonar, también presenta afectación a otros niveles incluyendo cuadros neurológicos que hasta el momento han pasado más desapercibidos. Nosotros presentamos un caso de un varón de 77 años con la variante de debilidad faringo-cervico-braquial del Síndrome de Guillain Barré tras un ingreso por neumonía bilateral por COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718718/ doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.023 id: cord-285069-duiowb88 author: García-Pachón, Eduardo title: Asma y EPOC en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 words: 1282.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285069-duiowb88.txt summary: En las series de hospitales de China y de Italia los casos de pacientes con asma y EPOC estaban muy por debajo de lo esperado para la prevalencia de estos procesos [1] [2] [3] [4] . Los hallazgos discrepantes en la prevalencia de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas en pacientes con COVID-19 en los distintos países y la posibilidad de que estas enfermedades o su tratamiento puedan modificar el riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 han motivado el análisis de esta situación en nuestro medio. Estas características, junto a lo descrito en otras series, podrían hacer sospechar que puede existir un menor riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2, y por lo tanto de desarrollo de COVID-19, por lo menos en algunos tipos de pacientes con asma en nuestro medio. Concluimos que en nuestro medio los pacientes con asma o EPOC no parecen expuestos a mayor riesgo de ingreso por COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300289620301617?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.007 id: cord-261057-pq0gkwiu author: García-Reyna, Benjamín title: Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Hospital Staff in Regional Hospitals in Mexico: a Brief Report date: 2020-11-04 words: 3866.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261057-pq0gkwiu.txt summary: In the current study, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to assess the response to fear within health staff in Mexico. developed a scale to evaluate fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the psychological mental state of the Iranian general population. The scale has high internal consistency and validity, supported by several other scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale), in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population. Many external situations have increased the existing stress levels in an already altered mental health situation for hospital personnel; HCW not only had to face fear of contagion or infecting their families and loved ones, but also confrontations with the general population. The FCV-19S is a scale that shows validity and reliability in assessing fear of COVID-19 in our population. abstract: The presence of COVID-19 has had psychological consequences among health personnel; these include fear, anxiety, and depression. In the current study, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to assess the response to fear within health staff in Mexico. This was a cross-sectional survey study in which we administered the Spanish version of the FCV-19S to hospital staff. The FCV-19S is a seven-item questionnaire that assesses the severity of fear caused by COVID-19. A total of 2860 participants—1641 female and 1218 male personnel from three hospitals—were included in the study. The internal reliability of the scale was good, with Cronbach’s alpha of .902. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the seven items of the FCV-19S, showing good model fit (χ(2) (7) = 29.40, p < .001; CFI = .99; TLI = .99; RMSEA = .03; SRMR = .010; AIC = 71.40). We found a global FCV-19S mean score of 19.3 ± 6.9, with a significant difference in scores between women and men. Our survey shows a significantly higher level of fear in nursing and administrative personnel, which may be explained by the nursing staff being in close contact with infected patients and the administrative staff lacking understanding of the possible implications of the infection, compared with nonclinical hospital personnel. Our results are consistent with those of other researchers. We must remember that fear is a reaction and that we must be courageous enough to trust validated infection prevention practices to provide the highest standard of care, in the safest environment that we can, for as long as we can. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169075/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00413-x id: cord-355294-gifsqph6 author: García-Suárez, Julio title: Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study date: 2020-10-08 words: 4736.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355294-gifsqph6.txt summary: title: Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study METHODS: In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. This case series included consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies aged ≥ 18 years who received a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the emergency departments, hospital wards (patients infected while hospitalized) or outpatient clinics of these Madrid hospitals up to May 25, 2020. Potential prognostic factors were collected including pre-infection patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities, type of hematologic malignancy and therapy), COVID-19 clinical severity, treatments and care setting. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was worse, and mortality rates were higher among older patients and those with a greater number of comorbidities and varied by type of hematologic malignancy and active antineoplastic treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer have been shown to have a higher risk of clinical severity and mortality compared to non-cancer patients with COVID-19. Patients with hematologic malignancies typically are known to have higher levels of immunosuppression and may develop more severe respiratory viral infections than patients with solid tumors. Data on COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies are limited. Here we characterize disease severity and mortality and evaluate potential prognostic factors for mortality. METHODS: In this population-based registry study, we collected de-identified data on clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within the Madrid region of Spain. Our case series included all patients admitted to 22 regional health service hospitals and 5 private healthcare centers between February 28 and May 25, 2020. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. We assessed the association between mortality and potential prognostic factors using Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, hematologic malignancy and recent active cancer therapy. RESULTS: Of 833 patients reported, 697 were included in the analyses. Median age was 72 years (IQR 60–79), 413 (60%) patients were male and 479 (69%) and 218 (31%) had lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, respectively. Clinical severity of COVID-19 was severe/critical in 429 (62%) patients. At data cutoff, 230 (33%) patients had died. Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratios 3.17–10.1 vs < 50 years), > 2 comorbidities (1.41 vs ≤ 2), acute myeloid leukemia (2.22 vs non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and active antineoplastic treatment with monoclonal antibodies (2·02) were associated with increased mortality; conventional chemotherapy showed borderline significance (1.50 vs no active therapy). Conversely, Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (0.33) and active treatment with hypomethylating agents (0.47) were associated with lower mortality. Overall, 574 (82%) patients received antiviral therapy. Mortality with severe/critical COVID-19 was higher with no therapy vs any antiviral combination therapy (2.20). CONCLUSIONS: In this series of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, mortality was associated with higher age, more comorbidities, type of hematological malignancy and type of antineoplastic therapy. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to validate these criteria for risk stratification. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00970-7 doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00970-7 id: cord-356145-1jgc62jt author: García‐Gil, Miguel Fernando title: Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 words: 369.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356145-1jgc62jt.txt summary: key: cord-356145-1jgc62jt title: Acral purpuric lesions associated with coagulation disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic cord_uid: 1jgc62jt Different cutaneous manifestations have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include acral erythematous-purpuric lesions reminiscent of perniosis, which are present in 19% of cases with suspected COVID-19 skin lesions. 2 The presence of other cutaneous manifestations, such as purpuric-petechial eruptions, has been described being distributed in acral areas. 3 In contrast, alterations in coagulation are frequent in patients with COVID-19. Three weeks ago, he presented with a catarrhal disorder, which was associated with a papulovesicular rash similar to varicella (Fig. 1b) . Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Pernio-like skin lesions associated with COVID-19: a case series of 318 patients from 8 countries Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32614069/ doi: 10.1111/ijd.15041 id: cord-333520-v2sb90rc author: Gardin, Chiara title: Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients? date: 2020-08-26 words: 10154.0 sentences: 466.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333520-v2sb90rc.txt summary: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored for the management of a number of diseases that currently have limited or no therapeutic options, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic properties. Next, we describe some of the most significant clinical evidence of the successful use of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of lung and heart injuries, which might strengthen our hypothesis in terms of their utility for also treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have comparable and even greater effects than cells themselves in improving inflammation and injury in a variety of pre-clinical lung disease models, including ALI/ARDS (Table 1) . From the studies discussed above, it emerged that the rationale for using MSC-derived exosomes, MVs, or EVs in ALI/ARDS is based on several processes, many of which are shared with those identified in the parent MSCs. These include immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory properties on host tissue, reduction of the permeability of alveolar epithelium and endothelium, improvement of alveolar fluid clearance, enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis, and tissue repair through direct mitochondrial transfer with host cells (Figure 2 ). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severe form of the disease is often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and most critically ill patients require mechanical ventilation and support in intensive care units. A significant portion of COVID-19 patients also develop complications of the cardiovascular system, primarily acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, or heart failure. To date, no specific antiviral therapy is available for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being explored for the management of a number of diseases that currently have limited or no therapeutic options, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-angiogenic properties. Here, we briefly introduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications in the heart and lungs. Next, we describe some of the most significant clinical evidence of the successful use of MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of lung and heart injuries, which might strengthen our hypothesis in terms of their utility for also treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092762 doi: 10.3390/jcm9092762 id: cord-313117-0qur0isb author: Gardinassi, Luiz G. title: Immune and Metabolic Signatures of COVID-19 Revealed by Transcriptomics Data Reuse date: 2020-06-26 words: 3565.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313117-0qur0isb.txt summary: To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling. To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling. In addition, our approach also detected increased signals of monocytes (Figure 1B) , dendritic cells ( Figure 1C ) and of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain in SARS-CoV-2 infection (Figure 1A) , suggesting a critical role of metabolic pathways for the immune response of COVID-19 patients. abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected millions of individuals and caused thousands of deaths worldwide. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and mostly unknown. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote progression of the disease is critical to overcome this pandemic. To address such issues, recent studies have reported transcriptomic profiles of cells, tissues and fluids from COVID-19 patients that mainly demonstrated activation of humoral immunity, dysregulated type I and III interferon expression, intense innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling. Here, we provide novel perspectives on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 using robust functional approaches to analyze public transcriptome datasets. In addition, we compared the transcriptional signature of COVID-19 patients with individuals infected with SARS-CoV-1 and Influenza A (IAV) viruses. We identified a core transcriptional signature induced by the respiratory viruses in peripheral leukocytes, whereas the absence of significant type I interferon/antiviral responses characterized SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also identified the higher expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways including heme biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation and tryptophan metabolism. A BTM-driven meta-analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from COVID-19 patients showed significant enrichment for neutrophils and chemokines, which were also significant in data from lung tissue of one deceased COVID-19 patient. Importantly, our results indicate higher expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation both in peripheral mononuclear leukocytes and BALF, suggesting a critical role for mitochondrial activity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, these data point for immunopathological features and targets that can be therapeutically exploited to control COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01636 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01636 id: cord-331519-ye4dtna5 author: Garibaldi, B. T. title: Patient trajectories and risk factors for severe outcomes among persons hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Maryland/DC region date: 2020-05-26 words: 4517.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331519-ye4dtna5.txt summary: Conclusions: A combination of demographic and clinical features on admission is strongly associated with progression to severe disease or death in a US cohort of COVID-19 patients. In a sub-group analysis of patients < 60 years of age, we identified male sex (aHR 1.7;95%CI 1.11-2.58), BMI (aHR 1.25 per 5-unit increase; 95%CI 1.14-1.37), CCI (aHR 1.27; 95%CI 1.1-1.46) and respiratory rate (aHR 1.16 per increase of 1 over 18; 95%CI 1.13-1.2) as significantly associated with severe illness or death ( Table 2, Table S5 ). Our study provides valuable insight into the disease trajectories of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the US and the risk factors associated with severe outcomes. In conclusion, we identified several important demographic and simple to assess factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes including age, nursing home status, BMI, D-dimer, troponin, ALC and respiratory rate. abstract: Background: Risk factors for poor outcomes from COVID-19 are emerging among US cohorts, but patient trajectories during hospitalization ranging from mild-moderate, severe, and death and the factors associated with these outcomes have been underexplored. Methods: We performed a cohort analysis of consecutive COVID-19 hospital admissions at 5 Johns Hopkins hospitals in the Baltimore/DC area between March 4 and April 24, 2020. Disease severity and outcomes were classified using the WHO COVID-19 disease severity ordinal scale. Cox proportional-hazards regressions were performed to assess relationships between demographics, clinical features and progression to severe disease or death. Results: 832 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized; 633 (76.1%) were discharged, 113 (13.6%) died, and 85 (10.2%) remained hospitalized. Among those discharged, 518 (82%) had mild/moderate and 116 (18%) had severe illness. Mortality was statistically significantly associated with increasing age per 10 years (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.54; 95%CI 1.28-1.84), nursing home residence (aHR 2.13, 95%CI 1.41-3.23), Charlson comorbidity index (1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.26), respiratory rate (aHR 1.13; 95%CI 1.09-1.17), D-dimer greater than 1mg/dL (aHR 2.79; 95% 1.53-5.09), and detectable troponin (aHR 2.79; 95%CI 1.53-5.09). In patients under 60, only male sex (aHR 1.7;95%CI 1.11-2.58), increasing body mass index (BMI) (aHR1.25 1.14-1.37), Charlson score (aHR 1.27; 1.1-1.46) and respiratory rate (aHR 1.16; 95%CI 1.13-1.2) were associated with severe illness or death. Conclusions: A combination of demographic and clinical features on admission is strongly associated with progression to severe disease or death in a US cohort of COVID-19 patients. Younger patients have distinct risk factors for poor outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111864 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111864 id: cord-321181-bqdsfgdc author: Garitano, Ignacio title: Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto "Covid-19 Trends" en Euskadi date: 2020-05-21 words: 3190.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321181-bqdsfgdc.txt summary: Faltaban datos sobre el numero de casos no testados en España.Para estimar rápidamente el número de casos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, la Fundación Io , lanzó, el 19 de marzo, una herramienta web llamada "Covid-19 Trends", a nivel nacional, a través de las redes sociales. La página web de la Fundación iO muestra el cuestionario (https://covid19.fundacionio.com/epidemiologicalquestionnaire.aspx), así como el enlace a los datos en formatos CVS para ser utilizados por las autoridades de salud u otros grupos como universidades o institutos de investigación, de manera gratuita y a tiempo real. El cuestionario "Covid-19 Trends" estimó más de 6.000 casos compatibles con la definición clínica del Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social en Euskadi durante el mes anterior al primer diagnóstico de COVID-19 mediante RT-PCR; esto indica que este tipo de herramienta podría ser útil como sistema de vigilancia temprana. abstract: Resumen Objetivo: En Euskadi, dos casos de COVID-19 fueron diagnosticados el 28 de febrero de 2020. El 14 de marzo el Gobierno español estableció el estado de alarma. La única información acerca del número de casos de Covid-19 eran los confirmados por RT-PCR. Lanzamos una herramienta de vigilancia basada en la web para estimar el número mínimo de casos sintomáticos de Covid-19 y generar información útil para la toma de decisiones en salud pública. Material y métodos: Implementamos un cuestionario web anónimo y lo difundimos a través de redes sociales. Recopilamos información epidemiológica sobre variables de “tiempo” (fecha de inicio de los síntomas), “lugar” (código postal) y “persona” (género, edad). Comparamos los casos positivos detectados mediante RT-PCR con los casos estimados según la definición de caso del Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social. Calculamos la tasa de respuesta al cuestionario y la incidencia acumulada a 14 días. Resultados: Entre el 19 y 26 de marzo de 2020, el cuestionario fue contestado por 128.182 personas (5,5% de la población vasca).De ellas 27.599 cumplieron la definición de caso. Los casos estimados fueron seis veces más que los RT-PCR positivos para COVID-19. La incidencia acumulada a 14 días fue de 463,3 por 100.000 habitantes comparada con la de los casos positivos por RT-PCR que fue de 139,6 por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Esta herramienta mostró su utilidad para estimar el mínimo número de casos sintomáticos en Euskadi lo cual podría apoyar aciones de salud pública. Summary Objective: In the Basque Country, two cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28 2020. On March 14, the Spanish Government established a state of alarm. Only cases confirmed by molecular biology (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) were known. We launched a web-based surveillance tool to estimate the number of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 to contribute to Public Health decision-making. Material and methods: We implemented an anonymous web questionnaire and disseminated it through online social media social. We collected epidemiological information about "time" (date of onset of symptoms), "place" (zip code), and "person" (gender, age). We compared cases detected by RT-PCR with the estimated cases, according to the case definition of the Ministry of Health. We calculated the questionnaire response rate and the cumulative incidence at 14 days. Results: Between March 19 and 26, 128,009 people answered the questionnaire (5.5% of the Basque population). Of these, 26,375 met the case definition (symptom prevalence of 21.4%). The estimated cases were almost six times more than COVID-19 positive RT-PCR. The estimated 14-day cumulative incidence was 578.3 per 100,000 population compared to RT-PCR positive cases, which was 139.6 per 100,000 population. Conclusions: This tool was useful in estimating the minimum number of symptomatic cases in the Basque Country, which could support Public Health actions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513502/ doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.011 id: cord-355753-muefay2n author: Garner, Justin L. title: Challenges of evaluating lung function as part of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 words: 1262.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355753-muefay2n.txt summary: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified agent foisted upon humanity and responsible for the contagious affliction, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] that has rapidly evolved into a pandemic testing to their limits, and sometimes beyond, the capacity to respond of healthcare systems across the world [2]. To the editor, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified agent foisted upon humanity and responsible for the contagious affliction, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)(1)that has rapidly evolved into a pandemic testing to their limits, and sometimes beyond, the capacity to respond of healthcare systems across the world (2) . A promising alternative approach to evaluating lung function is that of quantitative computed tomography (qCT) imaging (13) , and whilst currently a research tool has the potential for transforming clinical practice. abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified agent foisted upon humanity and responsible for the contagious affliction, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] that has rapidly evolved into a pandemic testing to their limits, and sometimes beyond, the capacity to respond of healthcare systems across the world [2]. Management is purely supportive and social isolation crucial to containment [3]. Enforced reallocation of hospital resources and personnel to cope with the increasing numbers requiring hospital admission and intensive care [4] in the most trying of conditions has been at the expense of many hospital departments, among them those offering diagnostic and support services for lung cancer [5–7]. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01621-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01621-2020 id: cord-306247-259zacce author: Garnica, Marcia title: COVID-19 in hematology: data from a hematologic and transplant unit date: 2020-09-06 words: 2646.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306247-259zacce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306247-259zacce.txt summary: We addressed our preparation to face COVID-19 pandemic in a Hematological and Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Brazil during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic and described COVID-19 cases in patients and health care workers (HCW). Despite a decrease in the number of procedures, the Transplant Program performed 8 autologous and 4 allogeneic SCT during the period, and 49 onco-hematological patients were admitted to continuing their treatments. Although we observed a high frequency of COVID-19 among patients and HCW, showing that SARS-CoV-2 is disseminated in Brazil, hematological patients were safely treated during pandemic times. 8 In this manuscript, we address our preparation to face the COVID-19 pandemic during the first two months and describe COVID-19 documented cases in patients and health care workers (HCW): from diagnosis to outcomes. This is a case series study from hematological patients treated from March 12 th to May 21 th in Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, a quaternary level hospital, reference for stem cell transplantation (SCT), and solid organ transplant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been addressed in cancer care to mitigate the impact on the patient’s prognosis. We addressed our preparation to face COVID-19 pandemic in a Hematological and Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Brazil during the first two months of COVID-19 pandemic and described COVID-19 cases in patients and health care workers (HCW). Modifications in daily routines included a separation of area and professionals, SARS-CoV-2 screening protocols, and others. A total of 47 patients and 54 HCW were tested for COVID-19, by PCR-SARS-CoV-2. We report 11 cases of COVID-19 in hematological patients (including 2 post stem cell transplant) and 28 cases in HCW. Hematological cases were most severe or moderate and presented with several poor risk factors. Among HCW, COVID-19 were mostly mild, and all recovered without hospitalization. A cluster was observed among HCW. Despite a decrease in the number of procedures, the Transplant Program performed 8 autologous and 4 allogeneic SCT during the period, and 49 onco-hematological patients were admitted to continuing their treatments. Although we observed a high frequency of COVID-19 among patients and HCW, showing that SARS-CoV-2 is disseminated in Brazil, hematological patients were safely treated during pandemic times. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.08.004 id: cord-271764-um001ffd author: Garraud, Olivier title: Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma against COVID-19? What about the evidence base and clinical trials? date: 2020-06-27 words: 1306.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271764-um001ffd.txt summary: It is obvious that ethically sound, quality reviewed, well conducted clinical trials are essential to situate convalescent plasma therapy among the therapeutic arsenal to treat SARS-Cov-2 infection. Indeed, since the discovery of numerous thrombotic complications among the severe presentations of COVID-19 [18] [19] [20] , it cannot be excluded that normal plasma factors resolve the DIC-like symptomatology or counteract the effects of lupus-like antibodies, or sooth the blood vessel endothelium if the disease associates to endotheliopathy (as was seen relative to Ebola-virus infection and convalescent plasma therapy [21] ). Further, what about the ethics of transfusing supposedly large volumes of non-specific plasma as a control to a person in danger of developing severe complications of SARS-Cov-2? Clinical trials to evaluate the quality, the efficacy and the safety of convalescent plasma therapy as soon as possible after the onset of an epidemic threat would be mostly valuable. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473050220301634?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102858 id: cord-330205-hj0o33xo author: Garrido, Isabel title: “Cirrhosis management in a major referral center during COVID-19” date: 2020-07-15 words: 1129.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330205-hj0o33xo.txt summary: We read with great interest the EASL-ESCMID Position Paper about the care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic first published in early April 2 . By the 13 th of March, based on the limited literature available by then and on the experience with previous pandemics, these measures were outlined in a well-defined protocol, aiming to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, guarantee the best treatment to avoid hepatic decompensation, reduce loss to follow-up and avoid delayed medical referrals. Patients with cirrhosis testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were admitted for inpatient care if another poor prognostic factor was present, such as cardiovascular diseases, Child B/C or HCC and they were managed in COVID-19 Units by multidisciplinary teams. This protocol, mostly mirroring the EASL position paper, shows that the level of care to cirrhotic patients could be maintained during the pandemic. Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838246/ doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100146 id: cord-347388-9uqgt7wb author: Garrido-Hermosilla, Antonio Manuel title: Auditoría inmunitaria de COVID-19 en el servicio de Oftalmología de un hospital de tercer nivel antes del desconfinamiento date: 2020-04-27 words: 750.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347388-9uqgt7wb.txt summary: No obstante, la accesibilidad a las pruebas de detección de SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por sus siglas inglesas), el virus causante de la COVID-19, ha sido y continúa siendo limitada para los profesionales sanitarios, como es de sobra conocido. Ante estas perspectivas, en nuestro servicio decidimos adquirir a título personal un lote de 40 test rápidos VivaDiag TM COVID-19 IgM/IgG (VivaChek Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China). De este modo, con nuestro estudio, perseguíamos dos objetivos fundamentales: conocer si alguno de los oftalmólogos del servicio, todos sin síntomas, era un caso asintomático, y determinar si alguno había pasado la infección de forma inadvertida y presentaba inmunidad frente al virus, todo ello con vistas a tratar de planificar futuras estrategias de asistencia clínico-quirúrgica. Este resultado fue verificado por dos oftalmólogos de nuestro propio servicio, distintos evidentemente del que había sido analizado, consignando para ello una hoja de certificación diseñada específicamente para tal cuestión (Fig. 1C) . B) Resultado negativo de un test rápido realizado a uno de los oftalmólogos de nuestro servicio. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0365669120301349 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.04.001 id: cord-326220-uosjmht0 author: Gaskell, Jen title: Covid‐19 and the Blunders of our Governments: Long‐run System Failings Aggravated by Political Choices date: 2020-08-11 words: 5776.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326220-uosjmht0.txt summary: Having established a framework for thinking about the causes of governance failure, we need to establish some assessment of the performance of different systems in the unfolding of the Covid-19 crisis during the first half of 2020. The government also benefitted from the collaborative approach taken by the opposition, with Social Democratic Party (SPD) member of parliament Ricardo Baptista Leite observing: ''We''re no longer dealing with the Socialist government; we are dealing with the government of Portugal'', further noting ''We are having very candid but supportive meetings to present constructive criticism and also solutions through back channels, showing a sense of unity for the national interest.'' 11 In Denmark, Prime Minister Metter Fredriksen delivered her lockdown address to the nation on 11 March when the country had around 500 recorded cases, closing schools against the recommendation of its health authorities. abstract: More urgently than ever we need an answer to the question posed by the late Mick Moran in The Political Quarterly nearly two decades ago: ‘if government now invests huge resources in trying to be smart why does it often act so dumb?’. We reflect on this question in the context of governmental responses to Covid‐19 in four steps. First, we argue that blunders occur because of systemic weaknesses that stimulate poor policy choices. Second, we review and assess the performance of governments on Covid‐19 across a range of advanced democracies. Third, in the light of these comparisons we argue that the UK system of governance has proved itself vulnerable to failure at the time when its citizens most needed it. Finally, we outline an agenda of reform that seeks to rectify structural weaknesses of that governance capacity. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12894 doi: 10.1111/1467-923x.12894 id: cord-302625-evpw6o02 author: Gaspar, Heloisa Amaral title: Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-20 words: 324.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302625-evpw6o02.txt summary: title: Home care as a safe alternative in post-acute and long-term care during COVID-19 crisis The high prevalence of this combination, associated with physical environments that provide inadequate barriers to infection control, place patients in long-term care facilities at great risk. There are several reports worldwide about the high mortality related to COVID-19 among residents of long-term care institutions, showing they account for 25% of deaths from COVID-19, in the United States. (3) In Brazil, much of post-acute care and long-term chronic patient care is provided at home. Our organization provided home care to 2,931 patients in the first 3 months of the pandemic and reported only 31 cases of COVID-19 (1%) and six deaths. The low incidence of COVID-19 in this population reinforces that home care protects patients and lessens the risk of infections. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a long-term care facility in King Country Mortality associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in care homes: early international evidence abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33111811/ doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ce6053 id: cord-287626-lnao60co author: Gaspar, R. title: Trends in cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 words: 837.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287626-lnao60co.txt summary: During this period, some studies reported reduced numbers of hospital admissions across different areas -from cirrhosis to heart failure [1] [2] [3] [4] . We analysed the hospitalizations for decompensated cirrhosis from March 2, when the first patient with confirmed COVID-19 in Portugal was seen in our emergency department, to the end of the state of emergency, on May 2,2020. During this period there were 40 admissions due to decompensated cirrhosis, a number that was not significantly different from that observed in the same time period in previous years (median 38 admissions, ranging from 34 in 2015 to 42 in 2019). Readmission was associated with shorter LOS of the index hospitalization, while it was not associated with age, gender, aetiology of cirrhosis, reason for admission, or severity of liver disease at index admission. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1590865820303273 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.06.044 id: cord-344778-2p1mm3vg author: Gasparri, Maria Luisa title: Changes in breast cancer management during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic: an international survey of the European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists (EUBREAST) date: 2020-05-29 words: 2685.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344778-2p1mm3vg.txt summary: The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-hundred and fifty-two/377 (67%) responders considered chemotherapy as being riskier for developing severe COVID-19-related complications compared to surgery and radiation therapy. The reported cases of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during BC treatment or within 14 days following treatment are 10%, 7% and 4% for chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy, respectively. This large international survey among breast cancer centres showed that the COVID-19 pandemic affected management of BC patients, including treatment modifications, longer waiting times and increased use of genomic profile analysis. Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) had a worldwide negative impact on healthcare systems, which were not used to coping with such pandemic. Adaptation strategies prioritizing COVID-19 patients included triage of patients and reduction or re-allocation of other services. The aim of our survey was to provide a real time international snapshot of modifications of breast cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A survey was developed by a multidisciplinary group on behalf of European Breast Cancer Research Association of Surgical Trialists and distributed via breast cancer societies. One reply per breast unit was requested. RESULTS: In ten days, 377 breast centres from 41 countries completed the questionnaire. RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 prior to treatment was reported by 44.8% of the institutions. The estimated time interval between diagnosis and treatment initiation increased for about 20% of institutions. Indications for primary systemic therapy were modified in 56% (211/377), with upfront surgery increasing from 39.8% to 50.7% (p<0.002) and from 33.7% to 42.2% (p<0.016) in T1cN0 triple-negative and ER-negative/HER2-positive cases, respectively. Sixty-seven percent considered that chemotherapy increases risks for developing COVID-19 complications. Fifty-one percent of the responders reported modifications in chemotherapy protocols. Gene-expression profile used to evaluate the need for adjuvant chemotherapy increased in 18.8%. In luminal-A tumours, a large majority (68%) recommended endocrine treatment to postpone surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy was postponed in 20% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer management was considerably modified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data provide a base to investigate whether these changes impact oncologic outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960977620301132 doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.05.006 id: cord-352329-dq69zlpn author: Gastélum-Cano, José María title: Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients date: 2020-11-05 words: 751.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352329-dq69zlpn.txt summary: title: Higher values of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin are not associated with mortality in Covid-19 Mexican patients A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data obtained from Covid-19 patients at admission to intensive care services in the IMSS Hospital in Celaya, from August 13 to September 02, 2020. Higher values of FBG and HbA1c in Mexican Covid-19 patients were observed, independently if they had been diagnosed with diabetes. Recently, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels have been associated with increased death risk in Covid-19 patients [3] . Recently, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels have been associated with increased death risk in Covid-19 patients [3] . This work objective was to evaluate HbA1c as a complication and risk predictive mortality marker in patients with or without diabetes with Covid-19 at admission. This work objective was to evaluate HbA1c as a complication and risk predictive mortality marker in patients with or without diabetes with Covid-19 at admission. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1751991820303120 doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.10.014 id: cord-219681-83p1ujl4 author: Gathergood, John title: The English Patient: Evaluating Local Lockdowns Using Real-Time COVID-19&Consumption Data date: 2020-10-08 words: 5701.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-219681-83p1ujl4.txt summary: We find UK ''local lockdowns'' of cities and small regions, focused on limiting how many people a household can interact with and in what settings, are effective in turning the tide on rising positive COVID-19 cases. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, we estimate the impact of local lockdowns imposed in the late summer of 2020 on a number of UK cities, examining the effects on both containment of cases and consumer spending. (2020) using US fintech data and following this Opportunity Insights (Chetty et al., 2020a,b) produced 3 https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-52934822 4 We typically observe common pre-trends between control and treatment groups, however, we do observe noticeable increases in the number of positive COVID-19 cases for the treatment groups just before and after local lockdowns. On aggregate we observe the sharp fall in UK credit card spending near the time of the spike in Covid-19 cases and national lockdown announcement on 23 March 2020 and then a fairly steady recovery May -August. abstract: We find UK 'local lockdowns' of cities and small regions, focused on limiting how many people a household can interact with and in what settings, are effective in turning the tide on rising positive COVID-19 cases. Yet, by focusing on household mixing within the home, these local lockdowns have not inflicted the large declines in consumption accompanying the March 2020 national lockdown, which limited all social contact. Our study harnesses a new source of real-time, transaction-level consumption data that we show to be highly correlated with official statistics. The effectiveness of local lockdowns are evaluated applying a difference-in-difference approach which exploits nearby localities not subject to local lockdowns as comparison groups. Our findings indicate that policymakers may be able to contain virus outbreaks $textit{without}$ killing local economies. However, the ultimate effectiveness of local lockdowns is expected to be highly dependent on co-ordination between regions and an effective system of testing. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04129v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-294948-o8mn0w7y author: Gathungu, D. K. title: Modeling the Effects of Non-PharmaceuticalInterventions on COVID-19 Spread in Kenya date: 2020-05-20 words: 3965.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294948-o8mn0w7y.txt summary: Different intervention scenarios are considered and results show that, implementation of closure of education insitutions, curfew and partial lockdown yield predicted delayed peaks of the overall infections, severe cases and fatalities and subsequently containement of the pandemic in the country. In [12] , they use an agestructured SIR model with social contact matrices from surveys and Bayesian imputation to gauge the spread of COVID-19 epidemic in India, where they use a generalization of the time dependent R O case study data, age distribution and social contact structure. They reported that the number of the infected cases is likely to be high and that isolation of the asymptomatic infectious population will not be enough measure. Based on studies of COVID-19 spread in China, Italy, and Spain, we suppose that if no mitigation measures are in place then an infectious individual would infect three secondary cases, in his/her interaction sphere. abstract: Mathematical modeling of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) of COVID-19 in Kenya is presented. An SEIR compartment model is considered with additional compartments of hospitalized population whose condition is severe or critical and also the fatalities compartment. The basic reproduction number (R_0) is computed by next generation matrix approach and later expressed as a time-dependent function so as to incorporate the NPIs into the model. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved using fourth-order and fifth-order Runge-Kutta methods. Different intervention scenarios are considered and results show that, implementation of closure of education insitutions, curfew and partial lockdown yield predicted delayed peaks of the overall infections, severe cases and fatalities and subsequently containement of the pandemic in the country. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.20102087v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102087 id: cord-286133-h8jgwe4z author: Gattinoni, Luciano title: Reply by Gattinoni et al. to Hedenstierna et al., to Maley et al., to Fowler et al., to Bhatia and Mohammed, to Bos, to Koumbourlis and Motoyama, and to Haouzi et al. date: 2020-08-15 words: 1931.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286133-h8jgwe4z.txt summary: However, as evidenced by this correspondence, our scientific community seems divided into two broad categories: On one side are the believers that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia must be defined as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-and that is it. Dr. Bos, Dr. Maley and colleagues, and Dr. Haouzi and colleagues in their letters conclude, as do many others in our scientific community, that COVID-19 pneumonia is not atypical but fits the conventional ARDS definition and that higher respiratory system compliance (Crs) may be a normal finding in the syndrome. Actually, we have observed that patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from Wuhan often present "better" compliance and "worse" PA O 2 -Pa O 2 gradient at low PEEP. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1052le doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1052le id: cord-346115-xilbhy37 author: Gattinoni, Luciano title: COVID-19: scientific reasoning, pragmatism and emotional bias date: 2020-10-12 words: 1106.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346115-xilbhy37.txt summary: Yet, we should not be criticized when we suggest that Tobin and co-authors had expressed views that premature intubation in this COVID context is "fatal". For example, recently in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, we can find: "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality is the liberal use of intubation and mechanical ventilation" [3] . However, the contention that mechanical ventilation is "the surest way to increase COVID-19 mortality" -is not supported by clinical data and therefore, once again such a statement is yet to be proved or disproved. say "Patients with acute severe asthma develop large pleural Open Access *Correspondence: gattinoniluciano@gmail.com 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article pressure swings, yet autopsy studies in patients dying because of status asthmaticus are remarkable for the absence of pulmonary edema" [1] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044591/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00756-7 id: cord-315308-gk768lwy author: Gaughan, C. title: Religious affiliation and the risk of COVID 19 related mortality; a retrospective analysis of variation in pre and post lockdown risk by religious group in England and Wales. date: 2020-10-05 words: 3537.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315308-gk768lwy.txt summary: Results Compared to Christians all religious groups had an elevated risk of death involving COVID-19; the largest age adjusted HRs were for Muslim and Jewish males at 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3-2.7) and 2.1 (1.9-2.5), respectively. Using data from the 2011 Census of England and Wales and linked death registrations, we estimated the age-adjusted risk of dying with COVID 19 for each religious group; we then use socio demographic information, indicators of occupational exposure and geographical measures to adjust for factors related to both the spread of the virus in the general population and the potential increased risk of death following infection as a result of inequality. Compared with the age adjusted results, the estimated hazard ratios for religious groups were reduced when covariates were included in the models, indicating that geographical and socio-demographic factors to some extent mediate the relationship between religion and COVID 19 mortality. abstract: Background COVID 19 mortality risk is associated with demographic and behavioural factors; furthermore religious gatherings have been linked with the spread of COVID. We sought to understand the variation in the risk of COVID 19 related death across religious groups in the UK both before and after lockdown. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of usual residents in England and Wales enumerated at the 2011 Census (n = 48,422,583), for risk of death involving COVID-19 using linked death certificates. Cox regression models were estimated to compare risks between religious groups. Time dependent religion coefficients were added to the model allowing hazard ratios (HRs) pre and post lockdown period to be estimated separately. Results Compared to Christians all religious groups had an elevated risk of death involving COVID-19; the largest age adjusted HRs were for Muslim and Jewish males at 2.5 (95% confidence interval 2.3-2.7) and 2.1 (1.9-2.5), respectively. The corresponding HRs for Muslim and Jewish females were 1.9 (1.7-2.1) and 1.5 (1.7-2.1). The difference in risk between groups contracted after lockdown. Those who affiliated with no religion had the lowest risk of COVID 19 related death before and after lockdown. Conclusion The majority of the variation in COVID 19 mortality risk was explained by controlling for socio demographic and geographic determinants; however, Jews remained at a higher risk of death compared to all other groups. Lockdown measures were associated with reduced differences in COVID 19 mortality rates between religious groups, further research is required to understand the causal mechanisms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.01.20204495v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.01.20204495 id: cord-271404-tu8u1b1d author: Gaunkar, Ridhima B title: COVID-19 in Smokeless Tobacco Habitués: Increased Susceptibility and Transmission date: 2020-06-25 words: 3088.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271404-tu8u1b1d.txt summary: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is of particular concern in countries in South Asia with high population densities, as it facilitates exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within or between communities by the act of public spitting. SLT-induced higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors along with the presence of furin in the oral mucosa and dysfunctional immune responses among SLT habitués increase viral dissemination and an individual''s susceptibility to COVID-19. There has not been much research on the increased risk of contracting COVID-19 for smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, although the use of these products is widely prevalent in South Asia and the Western Pacific region. The known action of the enzyme furin and the nicotine-induced increased expression of the ACE2 receptor result in COVID-19 viral tropism to the oral mucosal tissues in smokeless tobacco habitués [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . abstract: As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to sweep across the globe, the world is responding by implementing public awareness campaigns, social distancing measures, and other preventive strategies to arrest the spread of this lethal disease. Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exacts a heavy toll on patients with existing comorbidities. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is of particular concern in countries in South Asia with high population densities, as it facilitates exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within or between communities by the act of public spitting. Salivary droplets generated in this act are a potential threat because they can transmit this airborne infection. Moreover, large gatherings at tobacco retail outlets, frequent hand-to-mouth contact, and sharing of apparatus by SLT habitués could also aid in increasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. SLT-induced higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors along with the presence of furin in the oral mucosa and dysfunctional immune responses among SLT habitués increase viral dissemination and an individual’s susceptibility to COVID-19. Issuing rigorous regulations to restrict the use of various forms of SLT products and the obnoxious act of spitting in public can assist in arresting the spread of COVID-19. Widespread education campaigns enlightening the community regarding the adverse effects of SLT consumption and its relationship with COVID-19, along with providing effective assistance to quit for those who are addicted, would decrease the spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8824 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8824 id: cord-336689-z3ayolzb author: Gaur, Uma title: Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date: 2020-09-22 words: 3643.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336689-z3ayolzb.txt summary: We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. New strategies are emerging in the preclinical phase that integrates technology to make learning effective and appealing to students, [7] [8] [9] , making them more relevant and applicable for remote learning during the current COVID-19 pandemic. [40] also warned: "The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk." However, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their teaching and learning environment to emergency remote learning, having monitored and examined student and staff readiness, and completed online formative and summative exams both in preclinical and clinical years. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted face-to-face teaching in medical schools globally. The use of remote learning as an emergency measure has affected students, faculty, support staff, and administrators. The aim of this narrative review paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities faced by medical schools in implementing remote learning for basic science teaching in response to the COVID-19 crisis. We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., “COVID-19 pandemic,” “preclinical medical education,” “online learning,” “remote learning,” “challenges,” and “opportunities.” The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. To date, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their educational environment to emergency remote teaching and assessments. During COVID-19 crisis, the preclinical phase of medical curricula has successfully introduced the novel culture of “online home learning” using technology-oriented innovations, which may extend to post-COVID era to maintain teaching and learning in medical education. However, the lack of hands-on training in the preclinical years may have serious implications on the training of the current cohort of students, and they may struggle later in the clinical years. The use of emergent technology (e.g., artificial intelligence for adaptive learning, virtual simulation, and telehealth) for education is most likely to be indispensable components of the transformative change and post-COVID medical education. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984766/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00528-1 id: cord-322267-pbj819vk author: Gautam, Sneha title: COVID-19: air pollution remains low as people stay at home date: 2020-05-21 words: 1288.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322267-pbj819vk.txt summary: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) released air pollution data for Asian and European countries to assess the significant changes in air quality. The main objective of the study is to compare the air quality data released by international agencies before and after the novel coronavirus pandemic. The ESA collects air quality data by using TROPOMI instruments using Sentinel -5P satellite during COVID-19 lockdowns. The results (i.e., 70% and 20-30% NO 2 reduction in India and China, respectively) indicate that there are significant changes in the level of NO 2 identified in Asian countries due to COVID-19. In this study, the variation of NO 2 which was collected from the satellite (Sentinel -5P) was used to indicate the significant reduction in the level of NO 2 in Asian and European countries due to COVID-19 lockdowns. abstract: Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted worldwide in over a very short time, as it was originated in late 2019 from Wuhan city, China. To reduce the possible effects due to COVID-19, some sort of lockdown activities have been applied in many countries. In this regard, the outcomes reported bonus benefits to the natural environment showing a significant decrease in air pollution worldwide due to COVID-19. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) released air pollution data for Asian and European countries to assess the significant changes in air quality. The main objective of the study is to compare the air quality data released by international agencies before and after the novel coronavirus pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837609/ doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00842-6 id: cord-309125-ddgoc5yk author: Gavin, Blánaid title: Opportunities for international collaboration in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-06-16 words: 1051.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309125-ddgoc5yk.txt summary: This is surely an opportune moment for mental health scientists, practitioners, stakeholders and experts by experience to lead by example and to develop an International Collaboration in Pandemic Mental Health Science with the ultimate aim of making evidencebased guidance and resources rapidly and universally available to optimise outcomes for all [1] . Moreover, the dearth of translational research relating to pandemic mental health science has resulted in extremely limited practical, real-world supports being quickly available to guide frontline staff. As mental health-care providers and academics in Ireland, trying, with difficulty, to urgently highlight psychological and psychiatric issues of relevance in the pandemic while attempting to provide the much needed evidence-based guidance within extremely limited resources [9] , we urge collaborative, international action forthwith. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32548682/ doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01577-6 id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 words: 8765.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt summary: Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Although COVID-19 presents primarily as a lower respiratory tract infection transmitted via air droplets, increasing data suggest multiorgan involvement in patients that are infected. This systemic involvement is postulated to be mainly related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on several different human cells. Lung involvement is the most common serious manifestation of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild pneumonia, to severe disease associated with hypoxia, critical disease associated with shock, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure or death. Among patients with COVID-19, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and especially cardiovascular disease, has been associated with adverse outcomes, whereas the emergence of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias, has been associated with poor survival. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also frequently encountered and may persist for several days. Haematological complications are frequent as well and have been associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that over a third of infected patients develop a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720223/ doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x id: cord-284526-a5kgo4ct author: Gavriilaki, Eleni title: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-27 words: 6004.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284526-a5kgo4ct.txt summary: Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction and share mutual pathophysiological mechanisms [1] . Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered studies testing hypotheses on the role of the endothelial dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Α high rate of VTE (43%, mainly PE) overall was reported in another series of 150 ICU patients in which patients with COVID-19associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had higher rates of thrombotic complications compared with non-COVID-19-ARDS [65] . Autoantibodies against human epithelial cells and endothelial cells after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus infection abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review current literature on endothelial dysfunction with previous coronaviruses, and present available data on the role of endothelial dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in terms of pathophysiology and clinical phenotype RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence suggests that signs and symptoms of severe COVID-19 infection resemble the clinical phenotype of endothelial dysfunction, implicating mutual pathophysiological pathways. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is believed to mediate a variety of viral infections, including those caused by previous coronaviruses. Experience from previous coronaviruses has triggered hypotheses on the role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies. SUMMARY: Endothelial dysfunction is the common denominator of multiple clinical aspects of severe COVID-19 infection that have been problematic for treating physicians. Given the global impact of this pandemic, better understanding of the pathophysiology could significantly affect management of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 doi: 10.1007/s11906-020-01078-6 id: cord-283948-rb9rrkxb author: Gavriilidis, Paschalis title: The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series date: 2020-06-25 words: 1595.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283948-rb9rrkxb.txt summary: title: The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series Currently, the first articles reporting outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are published. The aim of the present study was to summarise the reported evidence of liver transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the global pandemic. A systematic literature search of articles published from inception until April 2020 performed in EMBASE, MED-LINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases using free text and MeSH terms (corona virus, COVID-19, liver transplantation, liver transplant recipients, global pandemic of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS). Of note, D''Antiga reported that children liver transplant recipients although immunosuppressed were not at increased risk to develop severe COVID-19 compared with the general population [7] . abstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed the surgical everyday practice overnight. Currently, the first articles reporting outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are published. The aim of the present study was to summarise the existing evidence of impact of COVID-19 global pandemic on liver transplant recipients. Electronic databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Five studies were selected from a pool of 12 studies with a total of 854 liver transplant recipients of whom 700 were children and the rest 154 were adults. The present evidence, based on case reports and series demonstrated lower mortality in liver transplant recipients compared to general population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32655733/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4223 id: cord-302821-b9ikg0xy author: Gawałko, Monika title: COVID-19 associated atrial fibrillation: Incidence, putative mechanisms and potential clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 words: 3685.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302821-b9ikg0xy.txt summary: Here, we review the available evidence for prevalence and incidence of AF in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and discuss disease management approaches and potential treatment options for COVID-19 infected AF patients. Here, we review the available evidence for prevalence and incidence of AF in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and discuss disease management approaches and potential treatment options for COVID-19 infected AF patients. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 related AF is not well understood and proposed putative mechanisms include a reduction in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor availability, CD147-and sialic acid-spike protein interaction, enhanced inflammatory signalling eventually culmination in inflammatory cytokine storm, direct viral endothelial damage, electrolytes and acid-base balance abnormalities in the acute phase of severe illness and increased adrenergic drive.(28) (Fig. 1) . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, highly transmittable and severe strain disease, which has rapidly spread worldwide. Despite epidemiological evidence linking COVID-19 withcardiovascular diseases, little is knownabout whether and how COVID-19 influences atrial fibrillation(AF), the most prevalent arrhythmia in clinical practice. Here, we review the available evidence for prevalence and incidence of AF in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and discuss disease management approaches and potential treatment options for COVID-19 infected AF patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906720303298?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100631 id: cord-258722-1o6zhnnj author: Gbinigie, Kome title: Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review date: 2020-05-13 words: 3320.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258722-1o6zhnnj.txt summary: In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In another pre-print, Andreania and colleagues 13 report the results of an in vitro study assessing the activity of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo research effectiveness Only one trial was identified on the effectiveness of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19, conducted by Gautret and colleagues in France and reported in a pre-print 14 (see Table 1 ). The same research team that conducted the in vivo study included in this review conducted a singlearm trial of 80 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and showed mild symptoms, 17 to further assess the effectiveness of the combined hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin treatment regime. No in vivo studies were identified assessing the safety or effectiveness of azithromycin as a standalone treatment for COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. AIM: To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19. DESIGN & SETTING: A rapid review of the literature was conducted. METHOD: Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group. RESULTS: Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32398343/ doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101094 id: cord-291526-aau0hnwx author: Ge, Fenfen title: Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning date: 2020-09-17 words: 3445.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt summary: We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. In summary, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to confirm the risk factors among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it includes psychotic experiences (4 items), suicidal ideation (3 items), the history of anxiety symptoms (4 items), the history of depression symptoms (5 items), paranoia (4 items), inferiority (5 items), sensitivity (4 items), social phobia (4 items), somatization (4 items), dependence (4 items), aggression (4 items), impulsive (4 items), obsession and compulsion (4 items), Internet addiction (5 items), self-injury (4 items), eating problems (4 items), sleeping problem (4 items), school adjustment difficulties (4 items), interpersonal distress (4 items), academic pressure (4 items), employment pressure (4 items) and romantic relationship problems (4 items). abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused physical abnormalities, but also caused psychological distress, especially for undergraduate students who are facing the pressure of academic study and work. We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. METHODS: The baseline data (T1) were collected from freshmen who underwent psychological evaluation at two months after entering the university. At T2 stage (February 10th to 13th, 2020), we used a convenience cluster sampling to assess psychological state (probable anxiety was assessed by general anxiety disorder-7 and probable insomnia was assessed by insomnia severity index-7) based on a web survey. We integrated information attained at T1 stage to predict probable anxiety and probable insomnia at T2 stage using a machine learning algorithm (XGBoost). RESULTS: Finally, we included 2009 students (response rate: 80.36%). The prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia was 12.49% and 16.87%, respectively. The XGBoost algorithm predicted 1954 out of 2009 students (translated into 97.3% accuracy) and 1932 out of 2009 students (translated into 96.2% accuracy) who suffered anxiety and insomnia symptoms, respectively. The most relevant variables in predicting probable anxiety included romantic relationship, suicidal ideation, sleep symptoms, and a history of anxiety symptoms. The most relevant variables in predicting probable insomnia included aggression, psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation, and romantic relationship. CONCLUSION: Risks for probable anxiety and probable insomnia among undergraduate students can be identified at an individual level by baseline data. Thus, timely psychological intervention for anxiety and insomnia symptoms among undergraduate students is needed considering the above factors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982249/ doi: 10.2147/ndt.s262004 id: cord-314311-xbpb9nfi author: Ge, Huipeng title: The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 words: 5263.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314311-xbpb9nfi.txt summary: In November 2002, a novel betacoronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in Guangdong, China, and resulted in more than 8000 infections and 774 deaths in 37 countries. This review makes a comprehensive introduction about this disease, including the genome structure and receptor of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients ranged from mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with organ function damage. The COVID-19 patients around the world were diagnosed based on World Health Organization interim guidance [65] , and China updated the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program (trial version) (in Chinese) according to epidemic situation and improved awareness of disease. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On 7 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in the throat swab sample of one patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, COVID-19 has spread widely around the world, affecting more than seventy countries. China, with a huge burden of this disease, has taken strong measures to control the spread and improve the curative rate of COVID-19. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding will help to control the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291542/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z id: cord-349980-x1h5dhn9 author: Ge, Huiqing title: Lung Mechanics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19: Analytics With High-Granularity Ventilator Waveform Data date: 2020-08-21 words: 3546.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349980-x1h5dhn9.txt summary: In order to make this gap end, the purpose of the study were 4-folds: (1) to describe the lung mechanics of COVID-19 patients by analyzing high-granularity ventilator waveform data; (2) to explore whether the lung compliance can be influenced by clinical factors, such as recruitment maneuver (RM) and body positioning; (3) to identify risk factors for PVA during IMV in COVID-19 patients; and (4) To describe post-extubation lung functions for survivors with spirometry test. Abbreviations: AI, asynchrony index; WOB, work of breathing; PEEP, positive end expiratory pressure; DT, delayed triggering; IEE, ineffective effort during expiration; IQR, interquartile range; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PVA, patient-ventilator asynchrony; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. The study integrated high-granularity ventilator waveform data with clinical variables to describe the temporal change of lung mechanics of critically ill patients with COVID-19. abstract: Background: Lung mechanics during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for both prognostic and therapeutic implications; however, the full trajectory lung mechanics has never been described for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requiring IMV. The study aimed to describe the full trajectory of lung mechanics of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. The clinical and ventilator setting that can influence patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) and compliance were explored. Post-extubation spirometry test was performed to assess the pulmonary function after COVID-19 induced ARDS. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. All patients with IMV due to COVID-19 induced ARDS were included. High-granularity ventilator waveforms were analyzed with deep learning algorithm to obtain PVAs. Asynchrony index (AI) was calculated as the number of asynchronous events divided by the number of ventilator cycles and wasted efforts. Mortality was recorded as the vital status on hospital discharge. Results: A total of 3,923,450 respiratory cycles in 2,778 h were analyzed (average: 24 cycles/min) for seven patients. Higher plateau pressure (Coefficient: −0.90; 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.78) and neuromuscular blockades (Coefficient: −6.54; 95% CI: −9.92 to −3.16) were associated with lower AI. Survivors showed increasing compliance over time, whereas non-survivors showed persistently low compliance. Recruitment maneuver was not able to improve lung compliance. Patients were on supine position in 1,422 h (51%), followed by prone positioning (499 h, 18%), left positioning (453 h, 16%), and right positioning (404 h, 15%). As compared with supine positioning, prone positioning was associated with 2.31 ml/cmH(2)O (95% CI: 1.75 to 2.86; p < 0.001) increase in lung compliance. Spirometry tests showed that pulmonary functions were reduced to one third of the predicted values after extubation. Conclusions: The study for the first time described full trajectory of lung mechanics of patients with COVID-19. The result showed that prone positioning was associated with improved compliance; higher plateau pressure and use of neuromuscular blockades were associated with lower risk of AI. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974375/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00541 id: cord-351818-znv51wx9 author: Ge, Q. title: Recurrent Neural Reinforcement Learning for Counterfactual Evaluation of Public Health Interventions on the Spread of Covid-19 in the world date: 2020-07-10 words: 4941.0 sentences: 380.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351818-znv51wx9.txt summary: Therefore, we formulated real-time forecasting and evaluation of multiple public health intervention problems into off-policy evaluation (OPE) and counterfactual outcome forecasting problems and integrated RL and recurrent neural network (RNN) for exploring public health intervention strategies to slow down the spread of Covid-19 worldwide, given the historical data that may have been generated by different public health intervention policies. Widely used statistical and computer methods for modeling of Covid-19 simulate the transmission dynamics of epidemics to understand their underlying mechanisms, forecast the trajectory of epidemics, and assess the potential impact of a number of public health measures on curbing the spread speed of Covid-19 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.20149146 doi: medRxiv preprint learn the optimal control (intervention) policy, we need to identify the system underlying the dynamics of Covid-19. We propose to use RNN-based counterfactual action evaluation as a general framework for modeling and forecasting the spread of Covid-19 over time with multiple interventions [30] . abstract: As the Covid-19 pandemic soars around the world, there is urgent need to forecast the expected number of cases worldwide and the length of the pandemic before receding and implement public health interventions for significantly stopping the spread of Covid-19. Widely used statistical and computer methods for modeling and forecasting the trajectory of Covid-19 are epidemiological models. Although these epidemiological models are useful for estimating the dynamics of transmission of epidemics, their prediction accuracies are quite low. Alternative to the epidemiological models, the reinforcement learning (RL) and causal inference emerge as a powerful tool to select optimal interventions for worldwide containment of Covid-19. Therefore, we formulated real-time forecasting and evaluation of multiple public health intervention problems into off-policy evaluation (OPE) and counterfactual outcome forecasting problems and integrated RL and recurrent neural network (RNN) for exploring public health intervention strategies to slow down the spread of Covid-19 worldwide, given the historical data that may have been generated by different public health intervention policies. We applied the developed methods to real data collected from January 22, 2020 to June 28, 2020 for real-time forecasting the confirmed cases of Covid-19 across the world. We forecasted that the number of laboratory confirmed cumulative cases of Covid-19 will pass 26 million as of August 14, 2020. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.08.20149146v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20149146 id: cord-345858-xedkxkz4 author: Ge, Y. title: Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study date: 2020-06-26 words: 2283.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345858-xedkxkz4.txt summary: title: Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study We employed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks under five reopening strategies based on the business resumption progress in China. We found that a hierarchy-based reopen strategy performed best when current epidemic prevention measures were maintained save for lockdown, reducing the peak number of active cases and cumulative cases by 50% and 44%, respectively. Business resumption strategies have the potential to eliminate COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening without special control measures. The proposed resumption strategies focused mainly on decreasing the number of imported exposure cases, guaranteeing medical support for epidemic control, or decreasing active cases. In the simulation, RR eased the epidemic by decreasing the total imported 178 exposed cases according to regional COVID-19 incidence (i.e., 70% of the DR strategy). abstract: The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak has led policymakers around the world to attempt transmission control. However, lockdown and shutdown interventions have caused new social problems and designating policy resumption for infection control when reopening society remains a crucial issue. We investigated the effects of different resumption strategies on COVID-19 transmission using a modeling study setting. We employed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks under five reopening strategies based on the business resumption progress in China. The effect of each strategy was evaluated using the peak values of the epidemic curves with respect to confirmed active cases and cumulative cases. We found that a hierarchy-based reopen strategy performed best when current epidemic prevention measures were maintained save for lockdown, reducing the peak number of active cases and cumulative cases by 50% and 44%, respectively. However, the modeled effect of each strategy decreased when the current intervention was lifted somewhat. Additional attention should be given to regions with significant numbers of migrants, as the potential risk of COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening is intrinsically high. Business resumption strategies have the potential to eliminate COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening without special control measures. The proposed resumption strategies focused mainly on decreasing the number of imported exposure cases, guaranteeing medical support for epidemic control, or decreasing active cases. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.25.20140418v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20140418 id: cord-274934-s8xppipe author: Gebbia, Vittorio title: Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients’ Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken date: 2020-05-15 words: 3391.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274934-s8xppipe.txt summary: PURPOSE: This descriptive investigation was undertaken at three oncology units to report queries, needs, and fears related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) of patients with cancer and to avoid uncontrolled treatment delays or withdrawal, behavioral mistakes, and panic. In this article, we report real-world data and a descriptive analysis of patients'' needs and fears as well as of misinformation obtained through the WhatsApp instant messaging system (WM; Facebook, Menlo Park, CA) in daily practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand how patients talk and feel about this potential critical health CONTEXT Key Objective Are instant messaging systems useful to oncologists to care for patients with cancer and to mitigate their anxieties and fears during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) outbreak? Knowledge Generated The WhatsApp instant messaging system is a useful and rapid tool to inform and reassure patients with cancer and to facilitate patient triage in a real-word setting of the pandemic spread of COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: This descriptive investigation was undertaken at three oncology units to report queries, needs, and fears related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) of patients with cancer and to avoid uncontrolled treatment delays or withdrawal, behavioral mistakes, and panic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All queries spontaneously delivered through the WhatsApp instant messaging system commonly used by patients to communicate with oncology units were collected and grouped by homology in five categories. Responses to the queries were given according to recommendations by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology through WhatsApp and by subsequent phone calls. Patients were also classified according to the site of the primary tumor, stage of disease, and current treatments. Analysis of the association between these data and queries was carried out. RESULTS: The social scenario in Italy is a nationwide lockdown except for hospitals, pharmacies, and food supplies. Overall, 446 different patients’ WhatsApp conversations were analyzed between March 1 and March 13 and comprised the following: requirement of visit delay by patients undergoing oral therapies or in follow-up, delays in chemotherapy or immunotherapy administration, queries about possible immunosuppression, and changes in lifestyle or daily activities. Delay requirements were statistically more frequent among patients with prostate or breast cancer compared with those with lung or pancreatic cancer. Actions taken by oncologists are also reported. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, the WhatsApp instant messaging system has been occasionally used in other medical settings with controversial results. In our experience, WhatsApp turned out to be adequate to give a rapid answer to most queries from patients with cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario. url: https://doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00118 doi: 10.1200/go.20.00118 id: cord-334480-aosmo568 author: Gebrie, D. title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials date: 2020-04-14 words: 2193.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334480-aosmo568.txt summary: title: Efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo for the treatment of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. We will include randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of remdesivir versus placebo for patients confirmed with COVID-19. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval, because no participants data will be involved in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus diseases 2019, COVID-19, SARS-cov-2, Remdesivir, Randomized Controlled Trials. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be derived from only randomized controlled trials which will reduce between study heterogeneity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 doi: medRxiv preprint meta-analysis of RCTs to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Background: In spite of the global containment on prevention efforts, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continuing to rise, with 1.1 million confirmed cases and 60,124 deaths recorded worldwide since 04 April 2020. The outbreak has a significant threat to international health and economy. At present, there is no approved vaccine or treatment for the disease, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the effectiveness of remdesivir and placebo in patients with COVID-19. Method and analysis: We will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google scholar databases without restriction in year of publication. We will include randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of remdesivir versus placebo for patients confirmed with COVID-19. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 2015) guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be all cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression, and treatment-emergent adverse events. Two independent authors will perform study selection, data extraction, and methodology quality assessment. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random/fixed effect model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratio for dichotomous outcomes between remdesivir and placebo. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not require ethical approval, because no participants data will be involved in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings of this study will be published in reputable and peer-reviewed journal. Registration: This review protocol is submitted in PROSPERO database for registration and we will include the registration number in the revised version of the manuscript. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus diseases 2019, COVID-19, SARS-cov-2, Remdesivir, Randomized Controlled Trials. Systematic review, Meta-analysis, protocol url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059196 id: cord-275675-gzd75ks9 author: Gee, Siobhan title: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine date: 2020-07-16 words: 1521.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275675-gzd75ks9.txt summary: title: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine 7 Current data suggest that COVID-19 infection results in a lowered white cell count (WCC) of <4.0 × 10 9 /l for between 9 and 45% of patients. 8, 9, 13 There are no published data describing neutrophil counts in COVID-19positive patients taking clozapine. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection. This case series shows that no statistically significant change in ANC occurred in patients taking clozapine who tested positive for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 infection does not appear to cause a significant or prolonged neutropaenia in patients taking clozapine. abstract: Clozapine is associated with haematological side effects, including neutropaenia, which can signal impending life-threatening agranulocytosis. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently experience lymphopaenia, but not neutropaenia. We present 13 patients established on clozapine who developed COVID-19 infection. There were no significant differences in total white cell or neutrophil counts between pre-COVID-19, intra-COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 periods. We therefore suggest that patients who develop COVID-19 should generally have their clozapine treatment continued. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320940935 doi: 10.1177/2045125320940935 id: cord-342362-j7vuoer6 author: Gegúndez-Fernández, José A title: Recomendaciones para la atención oftalmológica durante el estado de alarma por la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19 date: 2020-04-25 words: 3525.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342362-j7vuoer6.txt summary: Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia COVID-19, la atención a los potenciales riesgos de salud para la población ocasionados por el coronavirus deberá prevalecer sobre la posible progresión de enfermedades oculares comunes. Recoge recomendaciones de máximos para la atención a pacientes oftalmológicos, tanto COVID positivos como negativos, durante la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Durante este periodo la atención a los potenciales riesgos de salud para la población general ocasionados por la pandemia COVID-19 debe primar sobre la posible progresión de enfermedades tales como el glaucoma crónico, la retinopatía diabética, la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE), enfermedades corneales e inflamatorias, entre otras. Las precauciones tomadas para la elaboración de los derivados hemáticos serán las propias establecidas según el informe de la AEMPS 20 de 23/mayo/2013 sobre el uso de Plasma Rico en Plaquetas (PRP) y teniendo en cuenta los criterios de exclusión del Anexo II del Real Decreto 21 1088/2005, el cual especifica que pacientes con infecciones se excluirán durante y como mínimo las dos semanas posteriores al restablecimiento clínico completo de una enfermedad infecciosa y tras la desaparición de síntomas, incluyendo fiebre superior a 38ºC y afección pseudogripal, donde podríamos clasificar la infección por SARS-CoV-2. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: Minimize exposure to the SARS-CoV-2, reduce the chances of cross-transmission between patients and healthcare personnel, and prevent the development of postoperative complications from the management of patients with eye diseases during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID -19). Methods: COVID-19 literature review and consensus establishment between different Spanish ophthalmology societies in order to provide guidelines and recommendations of maximum resources primarily conditioned by the state of alert, confinement and social distancing that occurs in Spain since March 16, 2020. Results: The recommendations will promote the adoption of action and protection measures for eye care in outpatient clinics, surgical areas and hospitalization, for unconfirmed (asymptomatic and symptomatic) and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Measures must be adapted to the circumstances and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in each of the centers and Autonomous Communities, which will be updated according to the pandemic phases and the measures adopted by the Spanish Government. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, attention to the potential health risks to the population caused by coronavirus should prevail over the possible progression of the common eye diseases. Ophthalmologists and other eye care professionals must assume a possible progression of these diseases due to the impossibility of adequate patient follow-up. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409243/ doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.04.002 id: cord-306881-wrd2rhjz author: Gehrie, Eric title: Transfusion Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-25 words: 3296.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306881-wrd2rhjz.txt summary: In this article, we highlight "best practices" that have emerged during the pandemic, focusing on management of blood supply and blood bank operations, rapid incorporation of COVID-19 convalescent plasma into blood bank inventory, and changes to the approach to the patient requiring therapeutic apheresis. Extrapolation from previous experience with SARS-CoV, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and influenza, and with the strong backing of statements by AABB, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the preliminary experience of other areas that were afflicted by COVID-19 prior to its wide spread in the United States, blood bankers were able to convince most stakeholders that the true risk to the blood supply was not SARS-CoV-2 itself, but rather social distancing practices resulting in an interruption to the critically needed blood supply. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584950/ doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa111 id: cord-311505-akcc9oms author: Geisen, Will R. title: Cytomegalovirus Enterocolitis secondary to experimental COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-09-22 words: 1354.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311505-akcc9oms.txt summary: Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. The novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), a form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic of historical proportions. Due to its worldwide distribution, a paucity of clinical trial data, and a high mortality rate, the COVID pandemic has led to widespread implementation of experimental therapies with varying levels of success and, in some instances, poor outcomes (3, 4, 5) . We present a patient who was treated with experimental therapies and subsequently developed severe gastrointestinal pathology that was diagnosed by colonoscopy. The report describes a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who was treated with experimental immunomodulating therapies and, subsequently, developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis. abstract: The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic of historical proportions, infecting millions of people worldwide. Due to its high mortality rate and a paucity of clinical data, experimental therapies have been utilized with uncertain success and, unfortunately, poor outcomes. We describe a gentleman who was treated with experimental therapies and subsequently developed cytomegalovirus colitis and hypovolemic shock. Additionally, this case validates colonoscopy as a mode to rule out concurrent infectious etiologies causing diarrhea in COVID-19-positive patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214250920302705 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00962 id: cord-314135-udce22id author: Geisslinger, Franz title: Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19–and Vice Versa? date: 2020-07-06 words: 6414.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314135-udce22id.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314135-udce22id.txt summary: The responsible virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is mainly characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath. We summarize the available literature on COVID-19 suggesting an increased risk for severe disease progression in cancer patients, and we discuss the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to cancer development. The main symptoms of COVID-19, the lung disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection are fever, cough, shortness of breath and respiratory distress syndrome with risk for septic shock. Preliminary evidence suggests that such a cytokine storm in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a major factor, promoting severe COVID-19 progress and subsequently disease fatality [8, 12] . Chemotherapy-and radiation therapy-induced immunosuppression is a major risk factor for cancer patients to acquire a severe and probably fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: Relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS † abstract: The world is currently suffering from a pandemic which has claimed the lives of over 230,000 people to date. The responsible virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is mainly characterized by fever, cough and shortness of breath. In severe cases, the disease can lead to respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock, which are mostly fatal for the patient. The severity of disease progression was hypothesized to be related to an overshooting immune response and was correlated with age and comorbidities, including cancer. A lot of research has lately been focused on the pathogenesis and acute consequences of COVID-19. However, the possibility of long-term consequences caused by viral infections which has been shown for other viruses are not to be neglected. In this regard, this opinion discusses the interplay of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer with special focus on the inflammatory immune response and tissue damage caused by infection. We summarize the available literature on COVID-19 suggesting an increased risk for severe disease progression in cancer patients, and we discuss the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to cancer development. We offer lines of thought to provide ideas for urgently needed studies on the potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13070143 doi: 10.3390/ph13070143 id: cord-313947-2u77y1gx author: Gelardi, Matteo title: COVID-19: what happened to all of the otolaryngology emergencies? date: 2020-05-18 words: 876.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313947-2u77y1gx.txt summary: One aspect is that access to emergency care in Otolaryngology (ORL) patients has already changed in the month following the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak, and, seemingly, many non-COVID illnesses have been disappearing. Table 1 shows data regarding the number of emergency department consultations by diagnosis in the 30 days preceding (from February 8th to March 8th, 2020) and 30 days following (from March 9th to April 9th, 2020) the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak at the two main tertiary referral centers in the Puglia region, as well as the percentage reduction for each diagnosis. A reduction in the number of emergency ORL consultations by 80.8% during the COVID-19 pandemic creates new paradigms for the future. At that time, proposed solutions were to increase utilization of outpatient care and to educate patients to seek a preliminary triage consultation with their family physicians; it is possible that the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing our current society in a similar direction. Reduced emergency department utilization after increased access to primary care abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32424497/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06046-z id: cord-254027-rndu5ake author: Geldsetzer, Pascal title: Using rapid online surveys to assess perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on Covid-19 among the general public in the United States and United Kingdom date: 2020-03-17 words: 4720.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254027-rndu5ake.txt summary: Following an informed consent form, the questionnaire asked participants about i) the cause, current state, and future development of the Covid-19 epidemic; ii) the risk of a fatal disease course; iii) knowledge of symptoms and recommended healthcare-seeking behavior; iv) measures to prevent a Covid-19 infection; and v) their perception of the risk posed by individuals of East-Asian ethnicity in their . In order to investigate to what degree dis-and misinformation about Covid-19 has affected the general public''s beliefs about the condition, participants were directly asked whether or not they believed several falsehoods listed on the WHO''s "myth busters" website, (9) which the WHO selected because they had been circulating on social media.(10) Specifically, the questionnaire asked whether receiving a letter or package from China poses a risk of infection, and whether using hand dryers, rinsing your nose with saline, eating garlic, applying sesame oil to the skin, taking antibiotics, and vaccinating against pneumonia are effective in preventing a Covid-19 infection. abstract: Background: Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate in phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. Objective: To apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) among the general public in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to 3,000 adults residing in the US and 3,000 adults residing in the UK who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Strata by age (18 - 27, 28 - 37, 38 - 47, 48 - 57, or >=58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (White, Black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, Mixed, or "Other"), and all permutations of these strata, were established. The number of participants who could enrol in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrolment into the survey within the strata was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2 2020. Results: 2,986 and 2,988 adults residing in the US and the UK, respectively, completed the questionnaire. 64.4% (1,924/2,986) of US and 51.5% (1,540/2,988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree. 67.5% (2,015/2,986) of US participants had a total household income between $20,000 and $99,999, and 74.4% (2,223/2,988) of UK participants had a total household income between GBP15,000 and GBP74,999. US and UK participants' median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with SARS-CoV-2 was 5.0% (IQR: 2.0% - 15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR: 2.0% - 10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of Covid-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI: 36.1% - 39.6%) of US and 29.7% (95% CI: 28.1% - 31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was 'highly effective' in protecting them from acquiring Covid-19. 25.6% (95% CI: 24.1% - 27.2%) of US and 29.6% (95% CI: 28.0% - 31.3%) of UK participants thought it prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8% [95% CI: 52.1% - 55.6%] of US and 39.1% [95% CI: 37.4% - 40.9%] of UK participants) thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public's knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511585/ doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20035568 id: cord-343219-0dwyv1vk author: Gellin, Bruce title: Why vaccine rumours stick—and getting them unstuck date: 2020-07-30 words: 1938.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343219-0dwyv1vk.txt summary: Why vaccine rumours stick-and getting them unstuck Infectious diseases have long shaped human history, from the plague of Athens (430-427 BCE) that killed around a third of the Athenian population, the Black Death in the 14th century that killed about 30-60% of all Europeans, and the 1918-19 influenza pandemic that took the lives of at least 50 million people globally. As only population-wide immunity will end the pandemic, there has been an unprecedented effort to rapidly develop safe and effective vaccines that can be deployed globally. Although many other measures-eg, surveillance, testing, contact tracing, isolation, quarantine, physical distancing, handwashing, provision of PPE, investments in resilient health and social care systems and research, and socioeconomic support, among others-are key elements in the COVID-19 response, a longer-term goal is the possibility of population-level immunity from a vaccine. But hope is not a strategy and there is a need to address the complex challenges related to vaccine hesitancy that Larson''s book illuminates. abstract: Unknown url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620316408 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31640-8 id: cord-274018-x50yiq10 author: Gemici, Cengiz title: Covid-19 outbreak in a major radiation oncology department; which lessons should be taken? date: 2020-04-06 words: 936.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274018-x50yiq10.txt summary: Our hospital has been immediately declared as one of the major pandemic state hospitals by Turkish Ministry of Health, and almost all oncology inpatient service beds were reserved for corona virus infected patients. The first Covid-19 infection in our department occurred after the contact of our senior staff (C.G.) with a patient in a small sized policlinic room. A few weeks after the declaration of the first case officially by the Turkish Ministry of health, several persons in our department, starting with radiation oncologists, then medical physicists and technicians and lastly the brachytherapy nurse were presented with the classical symptoms of Covid-19 virus infection. Our society has also written a letter to our Ministry of Health stating that limited human resources exist in radiation oncology community in Turkey, and no one in the other parts of hospital has the ability to take place of a radiation oncologist, medical physicist or radiotherapy technicians. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32342865/ doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.044 id: cord-326498-8oa5gkrp author: Gemmati, Donato title: COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males? date: 2020-05-14 words: 9876.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt summary: Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Therefore, proper ACE2 functionality is essential for both virus cell entry and local pulmonary homeostasis, and although it has been previously described that polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene do not affect the outcome of SARS [43] , females might have a higher degree of heterodimer assembling than males, which in turn might show different affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor. Therefore, proper ACE2 functionality is essential for both virus cell entry and local pulmonary homeostasis, and although it has been previously described that polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene do not affect the outcome of SARS [43] , females might have a higher degree of heterodimer assembling than males, which in turn might show different affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor. abstract: In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in the city of Wuhan, China. Rapidly, it became an epidemic in China and has now spread throughout the world reaching pandemic proportions. High mortality rates characterize SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), which mainly affects the elderly, causing unrestrained cytokines-storm and subsequent pulmonary shutdown, also suspected micro thromboembolism events. At the present time, no specific and dedicated treatments, nor approved vaccines, are available, though very promising data come from the use of anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anti-coagulant drugs. In addition, it seems that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than females, with males 65% more likely to die from the infection than females. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese scientists show that of all cases about 1.7% of women who contract the virus will die compared with 2.8% of men, and data from Hong Kong hospitals state that 32% of male and 15% of female COVID-19 patients required intensive care or died. On the other hand, the long-term fallout of coronavirus may be worse for women than for men due to social and psychosocial reasons. Regardless of sex- or gender-biased data obtained from WHO and those gathered from sometimes controversial scientific journals, some central points should be considered. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Secondly, the higher ACE2 expression rate in females, though controversial, might ascribe them the worst prognosis, in contrast with worldwide epidemiological data. Finally, several genes involved in inflammation are located on the X-chromosome, which also contains high number of immune-related genes responsible for innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Other genes, out from the RAS-pathway, might directly or indirectly impact on the ACE1/ACE2 balance by influencing its main actors (e.g., ABO locus, SRY, SOX3, ADAM17). Unexpectedly, the higher levels of ACE2 or ACE1/ACE2 rebalancing might improve the outcome of COVID-19 in both sexes by reducing inflammation, thrombosis, and death. Moreover, X-heterozygous females might also activate a mosaic advantage and show more pronounced sex-related differences resulting in a sex dimorphism, further favoring them in counteracting the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103474 doi: 10.3390/ijms21103474 id: cord-287338-pws42iay author: Gendelman, Omer title: Continuous hydroxychloroquine or colchicine therapy does not prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2: Insights from a large healthcare database analysis date: 2020-05-05 words: 2016.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287338-pws42iay.txt summary: As such, in this study, we investigated whether a chronic baseline use of anti-inflammatory medications (namely, hydroxychloroquine and colchicine) could provide a potentially beneficial effect in preventing or, at least partially, mitigating the burden of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we have utilized "real-world data" to explore the associations between subjects positive for SARS-COV-2, different underlying co-morbidities and medications, which were not administered for anti-viral treatment purposes. In a population-based study evaluating the clinical characteristics of 1,482 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the USA [19] the majority of patients were males (54.4%) with a similar pattern of underlying comorbidities, most commonly hypertension (49.7%), followed by obesity (48.3%), DM (28.3%), and cardiovascular disease (27.8%). Concerning the alleged anti-viral activities of hydroxychloroquine [23] and its potential protective role against infections [24] , the existing scholarly literature reports contrasting findings even though to date no RCT has shown an unequivocal advantage in preventing or improving the major outcomes in COVID-19 patients [25, 26] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Some disease-modifying agents commonly used to treat patients with rheumatic diseases/autoimmune disorders, such as hydroxychloroquine and colchicine, are under investigation as potential therapies for the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). However, the role of such agents as prophylactic tools is still not clear. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on a large healthcare computerized database including all patients that were screened for the “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2” (SARS-CoV-2) in the study period from February 23rd 2020 to March 31st 2020. A comparison was conducted between subjects tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those found negative in terms of rate of administration of hydroxychloroquine/colchicine therapy. RESULTS: An overall sample of 14,520 subjects were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1317 resulted positive. No significant difference was found in terms of rates of usage of hydroxychloroquine or colchicine between those who were found positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those who were found negative (0.23% versus 0.25% for hydroxychloroquine, and 0.53% versus 0.48% for colchicine, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings raise doubts regarding the protective role of these medications in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102566 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102566 id: cord-333960-pkpbts7s author: Genet, Bastien title: COVID-19 in-hospital mortality and use of renin-angiotensin system blockers in geriatrics patients. date: 2020-09-09 words: 2661.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333960-pkpbts7s.txt summary: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) use and in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, sex, ADL score, Charlson index, renal function, dyspnea, CRP and white blood cells count, use of ACEI/ARB was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.52 (0.27−0.99), p=0.048). Conclusion and Implications In very old subjects hospitalized in geriatric settings for COVID-19, mortality was significantly lower in subjects treated with ARB or ACEI prior to the onset of infection. In observational studies, subjects with cardiovascular diseases and hypertension are often 47 treated with ACEI or ARB, and have an increased risk of in-hospital mortality related to COVID-19. In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, sex, ADL, CCI, renal function, dyspnea, 154 CRP and WBC, use of ACEI or ARB was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 155 0.52 (0.27−0.99), p=0.048) (Figure 2) . abstract: Objective The role of treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers at the onset of COVID-19 infection is not known in geriatric population. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) use and in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Design This observational retrospective study was conducted in a French geriatric department. Patients were included between March 17 and April 18, 2020. Setting and Participants: All consecutive 201 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (confirmed by RT-PCR methods) were included. All non-deceased patients had 30 days of follow-up and no patient was lost to follow-up. Methods Demographic, clinical, biological data and medications were collected. In-hospital mortality of patients treated or not by ACEI/ARB was analyzed using multivariate Cox models. Results Mean age of the population was 86.3 (8.0) years old, 62.7% of patients were institutionalized, 88.6% had dementia and 53.5% had severe disability (ADL score < 2). Sixty-three patients were treated with ACEI/ARB and 138 were not. Mean follow-up was 23.4 (10.0) days, 66 (33.8%) patients died after an average of 10.0 days (6.0). Lower mortality rate was observed in patients treated with ACEI/ARB compared with patients not treated with ARB nor ACEI (22.2% (14) vs. 37.7% (52), HR = 0.54 (95% CI = 0.30-0.97), p=0.03). In a multivariate Cox regression model including age, sex, ADL score, Charlson index, renal function, dyspnea, CRP and white blood cells count, use of ACEI/ARB was significantly associated with lower in-hospital mortality (HR = 0.52 (0.27−0.99), p=0.048). Conclusion and Implications In very old subjects hospitalized in geriatric settings for COVID-19, mortality was significantly lower in subjects treated with ARB or ACEI prior to the onset of infection. The continuation of ACEI/ARB therapy should be encouraged during periods of coronavirus outbreak in older subjects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33138935/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.004 id: cord-263631-xna0qtpu author: Geng, Jianping title: A Silent Infection Pandemic of COVID-19: Epidemiological Investigation and Hypothetical Models date: 2020-07-05 words: 2495.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263631-xna0qtpu.txt summary: Asymptomatic COVID-19 Carrier Caused a Family Cluster with One Severe and Two Mild Pneumonia e index is a 19-year-old girl who studied in a university in Wuhan and returned to her hometown Anyang, in Henan Province, on January 10, 2020. According to our mathematical models of epidemic data in the early of February 2020 in Mainland China, silent infection is estimated to account for as many as 80.5% of the total COVID-19 infections. Our hypothetical model suggests that severe cases may only account for about 4% of the total number of infections if COVID-19 could be effectively prevented and controlled in the early stage, which is bearable when the hospital resources are sufficient. According to the current epidemic data of COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] [9] , children between 0 and 9 years old accounted for only 1% of the total infected population with a mortality rate of 0. abstract: To explore the epidemic mode of COVID-19, we made an epidemiological investigation, set up hypothetical models, and compared them with hepatitis A virus (HAV) age-specific epidemic characteristic. In the epidemiological investigation, we reported the first familial COVID-19 silent infection in the world. A 19-year-old healthy female COVID-19 virus carrier without any symptoms caused two mild and one severe pneumonia. In hypothetical models, the silent infection rate ranges from 60% to 80% based on 3 sources: China mainland, evacuation of 4 nationals, and the ship “Diamond Princess,” respectively. In comparison with HAV, COVID-19 shows the same infection mode in children (aged 0–9 years), but significant difference in young adults (aged 10–44 years) and the elderly (aged 45 years or older). Therefore, we prejudged that COVID-19 is a silent infection pandemic mainly in young adults but threatens the elderly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32670439/ doi: 10.1155/2020/5120253 id: cord-311107-jvoyhv7y author: Genovese, Giovanni title: Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? date: 2020-05-19 words: 212.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311107-jvoyhv7y.txt summary: key: cord-311107-jvoyhv7y title: Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? cord_uid: jvoyhv7y It has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID‐19–associated varicella‐like exanthem in an 8‐year‐old girl with mild systemic symptoms. On March 21, 2020, an 8-year-old girl from Milan (Lombardy region, Italy) presented to our outpatient service for a 3-day history of an asymptomatic papulovesicular skin eruption. On physical examination, there were about forty erythematous papules and few vesicles scattered bilaterally and symmetrically on the trunk. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients abstract: It has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID‐19–associated varicella‐like exanthem in an 8‐year‐old girl with mild systemic symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32315079/ doi: 10.1111/pde.14201 id: cord-268330-mo5myrz4 author: Gentile, Pietro title: Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia date: 2020-04-29 words: 4618.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268330-mo5myrz4.txt summary: title: Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia [1] , reported exceptional outcomes in improved pulmonary functional activity, into seven patients who suffered Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) after an intravenous administration of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). [1] , 7 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, with COVID-19 pneumonia (study group), showed a great improving pulmonary functional activity after an intravenous administration of clinical-grade MSCs [1] . The rationale of the present work is to suggest the possibility to use autologous or allogeneic adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) (in the last case after decellularization and with good manufacturing practices -GMPlaboratory approval) intravenously or directly through a ventilation mask (aerosol). In the last case, it could be possible to donate human adipose tissue to GMP, EMA, or FDA Laboratory or bank to isolate SVFs and ASCs and re-infuse the cellular product obtained, as certified drugs, in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2020.1761322 doi: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1761322 id: cord-320815-p9oh54nt author: Gentile, Pietro title: Research progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs), Drugs, and Vaccines in Inhibiting COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-10-01 words: 4718.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320815-p9oh54nt.txt summary: Additionally, recent studies reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of MSCs into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggesting their role as anti-viral therapy. In this literature review, the role of regenerative strategies through MSCs, AD-MSCs, and adipocyte-secreted exosomal microRNAs (A-SE-miRs) as a potential antiviral therapy was reported, comparing the results found with current research progress on drugs and vaccines in COVID-19 disease. In this current review, the role of regenerative strategies through MSCs, focusing on AD-MSCs, and adipocyte-secreted exosomal microRNAs (A-SE-miRs) as a potential antiviral therapy was reported, comparing the results found with current research progress on drugs and vaccines in COVID-19 disease. Two clinical trials (EUCTR2020-001364-29-ES and EUCTR2020-001266-11-ES) were registered in April 2020, after the pandemic situation produced by COVID-19 but the last one (EUCTR2019-002688-89-ES) based on the possibility "To assess the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the administration of HCR040, a drug whose active substance is HC016, allogeneic adiposederived adult mesenchymal stem cells expanded and pulsed with H2O2, in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. abstract: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) have been used for many years in regenerative medicine for clinical and surgical applications. Additionally, recent studies reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of MSCs into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggesting their role as anti-viral therapy. Severe COVID-19 patients usually progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct, coagulation dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and even death in a short period after onset. Currently, there is still a lack of clinically effective drugs for such patients. The high secretory activity, the immune-modulatory effect, and the homing ability make MSCs and in particular AD-MSCs both a potential tool for the anti-viral drug-delivery in the virus microenvironment and potential cellular therapy. AD-MSCs as the most important exponent of MSCs are expected to reduce the risk of complications and death of patients due to their strong anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory capabilities, which can improve microenvironment, promote neovascularization and enhance tissue repair capabilities. In this literature review, the role of regenerative strategies through MSCs, AD-MSCs, and adipocyte-secreted exosomal microRNAs (A-SE-miRs) as a potential antiviral therapy was reported, comparing the results found with current research progress on drugs and vaccines in COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014532/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0711 id: cord-332970-atwz3rgf author: Gentile, Pietro title: Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease date: 2020-05-09 words: 2635.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332970-atwz3rgf.txt summary: title: Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs). Robert Chunhua Zhao''s group [1] reported in a recent study, published in March 2020, an interesting improvement in pulmonary functional activity, into 7 patients affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) after a intravenous administration of clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the preliminary study of Robert Chunhua Zhao''s group [1] , 7 patients affected by SARS-CoV-2, with COVID-19 pneumonia displayed a sensible improvement pulmonary function after several intravenous infusion of clinicalgrade MSCs [1] . abstract: A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These outcomes displayed that intravenous infiltration of MSCs is a safe and efficacy treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Only 7 patients were treated, but with extraordinary results, opening a new strategy in COVID-19 therapy. Currently, no specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 are available. The MSCs therapy outcomes reported, are striking, as these cells inhibit the over-activation of the immune system, promoting endogenous repair, by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489692/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0422 id: cord-314736-jqgyln7b author: George, Ciju K. title: Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 Pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit date: 2020-05-08 words: 1045.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314736-jqgyln7b.txt summary: Tracheostomy is a lifesaving surgical procedure in patients with severe upper airway compromise. Eleven patients have so far presented to the Emergency Room of the Regional Cancer Centre Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India, with airway compromise due to cancer-related stridor during the lockdown period of COVID 19 pandemic. In an oncology setting, emergency tracheostomy for stridor very often presents at its most critical state during the COVID-19 pandemic season, and it is our commitment that no patients should die of surgically correctable air hunger.  Adequate personal protection, rapid restoration of the airway with the minimum aerosol generation, and prevention of COVID 19 dissemination are keys to the success of Emergency Tracheostomy during the Pandemic.  Adequate personal protection, rapid restoration of the airway with the minimum aerosol generation, and prevention of COVID 19 dissemination are keys to the success of Emergency Tracheostomy during the Pandemic. abstract: • Awake, Emergency, Intervention for an Unsecured 'Unable to intubate' Critical upper airway obstruction is a surgical challenge. • Aerosolization and risk COVID 19 transmission add to the already existing difficulty of surgical restoration of critical airway obstruction. • Adequate personal protection, rapid restoration of the airway with the minimum aerosol generation, and prevention of COVID 19 dissemination are keys to the success of Emergency Tracheostomy during the Pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520302207 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104784 id: cord-027057-g7onopr1 author: George, Marcus L. title: Effective Teaching and Examination Strategies for Undergraduate Learning During COVID-19 School Restrictions date: 2020-06-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: On Friday, March 13, 2020, all school teaching in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies was suspended until further notice because of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. This immediately jeopardized the completion of course content at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine campus. This article presents effective teaching and examination strategies that can be utilized in teaching undergraduates during COVID-19 school restrictions. The introductory digital electronics course of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of the West Indies will be utilized to demonstrate the merits of these strategies. The research will focus on demonstrating that the teaching methodologies utilized avoided the student performance from degrading below what has been experienced in the past 5 academic years. Student feedback on the methodology utilized is also incorporated in this article to highlight key benefits gained by students. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7301292/ doi: 10.1177/0047239520934017 id: cord-283769-n38f0i5z author: Georgiou, Neophytos title: COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs date: 2020-06-16 words: 5048.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283769-n38f0i5z.txt summary: Previous studies have down that erroneous Conspiracy Theory (CT) beliefs develop more strongly in people who have underlying conspiratorial reasoning styles and psychopathological traits and particularly when they are faced with stressful external events (Swami et al., 2013; van Prooijen, 2018). It was hypothesised that those who are more likely to believe in unfounded or CTs about COVID-19 would score higher on measures that capture general conspiratorial reasoning as well as CT beliefs about other major events. In this study, we also investigate how COVID conspiracy beliefs vary by level of education (which is also included as a control variable in analyses) and some indicative differences between countries that have been differentially affected by the virus. Support was also found for the prediction that those who endorsed COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs would have lower levels of education and would have less favourable views about the government''s response to the crisis. abstract: Previous studies have down that erroneous Conspiracy Theory (CT) beliefs develop more strongly in people who have underlying conspiratorial reasoning styles and psychopathological traits and particularly when they are faced with stressful external events (Swami et al., 2013; van Prooijen, 2018). In this study, we test this proposition by examining the individual differences associated with the development of COVID-19-related CT beliefs during the pandemic. A total of 660 adults completed a survey that captured COVID–related CT beliefs and broader conspiracy beliefs, education, perceived stress and attitudes towards government responses. The results showed that COVID-19 related CT beliefs were: strongly related to broader CT beliefs, higher in those with lower levels of education; and, positively (although weakly) correlated with more negative attitudes towards government responses. However, no relationship was found between COVID-19 beliefs and self-reported stress. These findings hold implications for why some people are more likely to be resistant to public health interventions relating to COVID-19. The findings encourage more detailed exploration of the causes and sources of CTs and, in particular, the role of social media use and other information sources in the development and perpetuation of health-related CT beliefs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32565592/ doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110201 id: cord-307340-00m2g55u author: Gerasimov, A. title: Reaching collective immunity for COVID-19: an estimate with a heterogeneous model based on the data for Italy date: 2020-05-25 words: 2252.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307340-00m2g55u.txt summary: Because of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. Because of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. Here we developed a mathematical model for assessing the minimum incidence of COVID-19 needed to reach collective immunity, which would assure that the epidemic cannot restart the cessation of quarantine measures. While this search yielded several useful references regarding COVID-19 modeling, the basic reproduction number of this disease, and age-related heterogeneity, we did not find an approach similar to ours to modeling COVID-19 dynamics and estimating the total incidence and population immunity. abstract: Background. At the current stage of COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts become particularly important regarding the possibility that the total incidence could reach the level where the disease stops spreading because a considerable portion of the population has become immune and collective immunity could be reached. Such forecasts are valuable because the currently undertaken restrictive measures prevent mass morbidity but do not result in the development of a robust collective immunity. Thus, in the absence of efficient vaccines and medical treatments, lifting restrictive measures carries the risk that a second wave of the epidemic could occur. Methods. We developed a heterogeneous model of COVID-19 dynamics. The model accounted for the differences in the infection risk across subpopulations, particularly the age-depended susceptibility to the disease. Based on this model, an equation for the minimal number of infections was calculated as a condition for the epidemic to start declining. The basic reproductive number of 2.5 was used for the disease spread without restrictions. The model was applied to COVID-19 data from Italy. Findings. We found that the heterogeneous model of epidemic dynamics yielded a lower proportion, compared to a homogeneous model, for the minimal incidence needed for the epidemic to stop. When applied to the data for Italy, the model yielded a more optimistic assessment of the minimum total incidence needed to reach collective immunity: 43% versus 60% estimated with a homogeneous model. Interpretation. Because of the high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection risk across the different age groups, with a higher susceptibility for the elderly, homogeneous models overestimate the level of collective immunity needed for the disease to stop spreading. This inaccuracy can be corrected by the homogeneous model introduced here. To improve the estimate even further additional factors should be considered that contribute to heterogeneity, including social and professional activity, gender and individual resistance to the pathogen. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112045 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112045 id: cord-330701-k68b0wqe author: Gerc, Vjekoslav title: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-06-17 words: 5521.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330701-k68b0wqe.txt summary: AIM: The aim of this study is to retreive published papers about COVID-19 infection deposited in PubMed data base and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection and opinions of experts about treatment of afected patients with COVID-19 who have Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). COVID-19 infection is caused by a new beta-coronavirus, which the WHO has called (SARS-CoV-2) -Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Initially, the main complications of COVID-19 were thought to be lung-related, then it was quickly observed that COVID-19 is attacking many organs, including the heart muscle, vascular endothelium and the cardiovascular system in general, increasing morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with other cardiovascular risk factors presented (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cerebrovascular and renal disease). In Wuhan, according to reports of Chinese physicians, in patients infected with COVID-19 and with acute coronary syndrome, the complete clinical picture was very severe and associated with high mortality (9) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020 and in 11(th) March 2020 declared COVID-19 as Global Pandemic. In June 6(th) 2020, over 7 million cases registered in the world, recovered 3.4 million and death over 402.000. AIM: The aim of this study is to retreive published papers about COVID-19 infection deposited in PubMed data base and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection and opinions of experts about treatment of afected patients with COVID-19 who have Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS: It’s used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVDs. RESULTS: After searching current scientific literature (on PubMed till today is deposited more than 1.000 papers about COVID-19 with consequences in almost every medical disciplines), we have acknowledged that till today not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world. Also, there are no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19, including patients with CVDs. Vaccine against COVID-19 is already produced and being in phases of testing in praxis in treatment of COVID-19 at affected patients, but the opinions of experts and common people whole over the world about vaccination are full of controversis. CONCLUSION: Frequent hand washing, avoiding crowds and contact with sick people, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces can help prevent coronavirus infections are the main proposal of WHO experts in current Guidelines, artefacts stored on a web site. Those preventive measures at least can help to everybody, including also the patients who have evidenced CVDs in their histories of illness. Authors analyzed most important dilemmas about all aspects of CVDs, including etipathogenesis, treatment with current drugs and use of potential discovered vaccines against COVID-19 infection, described in scientific papers deposited in PubMed data base. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843866/ doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.158-164 id: cord-318184-atlslk0e author: Germain, N. title: Retrospective study of COVID-19 seroprevalence among tissue donors at the onset of the outbreak before implementation of strict lockdown measures in France date: 2020-09-11 words: 2380.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318184-atlslk0e.txt summary: We assessed COVID-19 seroprevalence in a population of tissue donors, at the onset of the outbreak in France, before systematic screening of donors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. First identified in Wuhan (China), in early January 2020, the new severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , rapidly spread to other countries worldwide causing an unprecedented pandemic 1 . Taking into account the information available, the French Biomedicine Agency updated the guidance on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk via donated organs and tissues on March 5, 2020 and recommended to exclude donors with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 (fever, cough, etc.) and donors who had stayed or traveled to high risk regions within the prior 28 days, or . Archived blood specimens collected on the day of donation for donor screening of infectious diseases were retrospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Fig.2 ). abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered organ and tissue donations as well as transplantation practices. SARS-CoV-2 serological tests could help in the selection of donors. We assessed COVID-19 seroprevalence in a population of tissue donors, at the onset of the outbreak in France, before systematic screening of donors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Methods: 235 tissue donors at the Lille Tissue bank between November 1, 2019 and March 16, 2020 were included. Archived serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two FDA-approved kits. Results: Most donors were at higher risks for severe COVID-19 illness including age over 65 years (142/235) and/or presence of co-morbidities (141/235). According to the COVID-19 risk assessment of transmission, 183 out of 235 tissue donors presented with a low risk level and 52 donors with an intermediate risk level of donor derived infection. Four out of the 235 (1.7%) tested specimens were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: 2 donors with anti-N protein IgG and 2 other donors with anti-S protein total Ig. None of them had both type of antibodies. Conclusion: Regarding the seroprevalence among tissue donors, we concluded that the transmission probability to recipient via tissue products was very low at the beginning of the outbreak. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.11.20192518v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192518 id: cord-354265-udt2spoe author: Gersh, Felice title: Menopause status and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 words: 579.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354265-udt2spoe.txt summary: A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Dear Editor, We greatly appreciate the publication of this important research article, for its exploration of the connection of estradiol levels and menopausal status with outcomes from infections with SARS-CoV-2 in women. We advocate for the use of physiologically dosed human-identical transdermal estradiol as hormone replacement, combined with human-identical cyclic progesterone, in appropriate recently menopausal women. (8) Given the potential for serious negative effects ensuing from a state of estradiol deficiency, heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic, not only should appropriate postmenopausal women be considered for hormone replacement therapy, but women being treated with aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonists should be counseled on the risks and benefits of those drugs, personalized in each case, in light of the findings of this study. Potential influence of menstrual status and sex hormones on female SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross-sectional study from Multicentre in Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968797/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1447 id: cord-334522-gi7zj70m author: Gersons, Berthold P. R. title: Can a ‘second disaster’ during and after the COVID-19 pandemic be mitigated? date: 2020-09-23 words: 3069.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334522-gi7zj70m.txt summary: Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. For people experiencing the loss of loved ones or economic Needs of the population amid the pandemic Actions required by authorities and experts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 Sense of safety Immediate actions of public health measures to limit the spread of the infection Delivery of reliable information for the general population and various groups about the disease Effective resourcing of required medical equipment Calming Active communication and constant explanation of the actions needed to contain the spread of the infection to the population Compassion of authorities towards victims and various groups affected by the pandemic Sense of self-and collective efficacy abstract: In most disasters that have been studied, the underlying dangerous cause does not persist for very long. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic a progressively emerging life threat remains, exposing everyone to varying levels of risk of contracting the illness, dying, or infecting others. Distancing and avoiding company have a great impact on social life. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has an enormous economic impact for many losing work and income, which is even affecting basic needs such as access to food and housing. In addition, loss of loved ones may compound the effects of fear and loss of resources. The aim of this paper is to distil, from a range of published literature, lessons from past disasters to assist in mitigating adverse psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. European, American, and Asian studies of disasters show that long-term social and psychological consequences of disasters may compromise initial solidarity. Psychosocial disruptions, practical and financial problems, and complex community and political issues may then result in a ‘second disaster’. Lessons from past disasters suggest that communities and their leaders, as well as mental healthcare providers, need to pay attention to fear regarding the ongoing threat, as well as sadness and grief, and to provide hope to mitigate social disruption. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062215/ doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1815283 id: cord-269344-7ik9e5m4 author: Gerussi, Alessio title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in autoimmune hepatitis: a lesson from immunosuppressed patients date: 2020-06-09 words: 1925.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269344-7ik9e5m4.txt summary: Our aim was to describe the clinical course of immunosuppressed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in Italy. METHODS: Our study is a case series of AIH patients treated with immunosuppression, who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in March 2020 during outbreak of COVID‐19. Two other patients (patient 2 and 4) had an acute onset of AIH and were under high-dose steroids, as per induction protocol, at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we believe that pre-emptive strategies of reduction of immunosuppression during COVID-19 can be potentially harmful, as suggested by the disease course of patient 9 that self-stopped steroid treatment and relapsed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The lack of a control group of non-AIH patients and the nature of this manuscript (case series) do not allow us to draw conclusions regarding the possible association between chronic treatment with thiopurines and the risk of developing COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronic immunosuppression is associated with increased and more severe viral infections. However, little is known about the association between immunosuppression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Our aim was to describe the clinical course of immunosuppressed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in Italy. METHODS: Our study is a case series of AIH patients treated with immunosuppression, who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in March 2020 during outbreak of COVID‐19. RESULTS: Ten patients from six different hospitals in Italy were diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 in March 2020. Seven subjects were female (70%) and age ranged from 27 to 73 years. Before the onset of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, all patients were taking immunosuppressive therapy for AIH, and eight of them were on biochemical remission. Two other patients had recent acute onset of their AIH, and were consequently started high‐dose steroids, as per induction protocol. All patients had a respiratory syndrome and had a positive nasal swab for SARS‐CoV‐2. Five patients developed a CT‐confirmed COVID‐19 pneumonia. Six subjects received a combination of antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs. In seven patients the dosage of immunosuppressive medication was changed. Liver enzymes were repeated during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in all hospitalized cases; they remained within the normal range in all cases, and improved in the two acute cases treated with high‐dose steroids. The clinical outcome was comparable to the reported cases occurring in non‐immunosuppressed subjects. CONCLUSION: Patients under immunosuppressive therapy for AIH developing COVID‐19 show a disease course presumptively similar to that reported in non‐immunosuppressed population. These data might help medical decision when dealing with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in immunocompromised patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1557 doi: 10.1002/hep4.1557 id: cord-252998-8ynk9k8r author: Getaneh, Y. title: Global lessons and Potential strategies in combating COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia:Systematic Review date: 2020-05-26 words: 3782.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252998-8ynk9k8r.txt summary: The most common global COVID-19 mitigation strategies include; whole of government approach including individual, community and environmental measures, detecting and isolating cases, contact tracing and quarantine, social and physical distancing measures including for mass gatherings and international travel measures. Conclusion: While recommendations may change depending on the level of outbreak, we conclude that in Most countries have benefited from early interventions and in setups like Africa including Ethiopia where health system capability is limited, community engagement supported by local evidence with strict implementation of social and physical distancing measures is mandatory. Furthermore, based on experience, proper precautionary measures to prevent nosocomial transmission of the virus is mandatory; the majority of patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV-2 had become infected in health care settings. Isolation , quarantine , social distancing and community containment : pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV ) outbreak abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease that has been classified a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative public health strategies to control the spread. Here, we have conducted an online search for all relevant public health interventions for COVID-19. We then characterize and summarize the global COVID-19 pandemic situation and recommend potential mitigation strategies in the context of Ethiopia. Methods: Initial search of Pub Med central and Google scholar was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words; COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2, Global lessons and Pandemic; A second search using all identified keywords including COVID-19, Epidemiology, Sociocultural, Ethiopia; thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched. Accordingly, of the 1,402 articles, 39 were included in the analysis for this review. Result: Countries COVID-19 mitigation strategies widely varied. The most common global COVID-19 mitigation strategies include; whole of government approach including individual, community and environmental measures, detecting and isolating cases, contact tracing and quarantine, social and physical distancing measures including for mass gatherings and international travel measures. Models revealed that, social and physical distancing alone could prevent the pandemic from 60-95%, if timely and effectively implemented. Moreover, detecting and isolation of cases were found to be crucial while access to testing was found to the global challenge. Individual measures including proper hand washing were also reported to be effective measures in preventing the pandemic. Asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 ranged from 25% to 80% and as a result, countries are revising the case definition for early detection of mild symptomatic cases of COVID-19 with inclusion of Chills, Muscle pain and new loss of taste or smell in addition to Cough, Shortness of breath, Fever and Sore throat. Global reports also revealed that the incubation period of COVID-19 could go to 24 days. Ethiopia is also unique in the aspects of sociocultural prospects while more than 99.3% of the population has a religion. Moreover, 69% of the population is under the age of 29 years old and the health policy in the country focused on prevention and primary health care. All these could be potential entries and opportunities to combat COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Ethiopia. Conclusion: While recommendations may change depending on the level of outbreak, we conclude that in Most countries have benefited from early interventions and in setups like Africa including Ethiopia where health system capability is limited, community engagement supported by local evidence with strict implementation of social and physical distancing measures is mandatory. Active involvement of religious Institutions and mobilizing youth could be entry to increase public awareness in mitigating COVID-19. Community level case detection could enhance early identification of cases which could be implemented through the health extension program. Isolation and quarantine beyond 14 days could help identify long term carriers of COVID-19. Validation and use of rapid test kits could be vital to increase access for testing. Revision of case definitions for COVID-19 could be important for early detection and identification of mild symptomatic cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111062 id: cord-320535-fo4lzcav author: Geyer, Howard L. title: Movement Disorders in COVID-19: Whither Art Thou? date: 2020-08-12 words: 1662.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320535-fo4lzcav.txt summary: The paucity of movement disorders associated with COVID-19 is particularly striking when contrasted with the neurologic syndrome which affected over a million people worldwide in the aftermath of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza, termed by Constanin von Economo encephalitis lethargica. That encephalitis was associated with a wide range of movement disorders, of which post-encephalitic parkinsonism is the best known, although other manifestations in the acute phase included dystonia, tremor, chorea, myoclonus, and oculomasticatory myorhythmia [6, 7] . Although encephalitis has been described as a cardinal neurological manifestation of COVID-19 during the acute phase of illness [8, 9] , we have yet to encounter any of these associated movement disorder presentations. (In the time since this write-up was first prepared, patients with acute movement disorders and COVID-19 have been reported exiguously; we know of four such reports, which describe myoclonus [10, 11] , a hypokinetic-rigid syndrome [12] , and tremor/ataxia [13] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864184/ doi: 10.5334/tohm.553 id: cord-207242-hb1r2aw7 author: Ghader, Sepehr title: Observed mobility behavior data reveal social distancing inertia date: 2020-04-30 words: 3090.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-207242-hb1r2aw7.txt summary: The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. We used daily feeds of mobile device location data, representing movements of more than 100 Million anonymized devices, integrated with COVID-19 case data from John Hopkins University and census population data to monitor the mobility trends in United States and study social distancing behavior 1 . The trends showed that all measures related to social distancing saturated and stopped improving, revealing a phenomenon we name "Social Distancing Inertia." For instance, as observed in Figure 2 the percentage of people staying home nationwide rapidly increased from 20% to 35% at the onset of COVID-19 and then has stagnated at 35% for three weeks as of April 10. abstract: The research team has utilized an integrated dataset, consisting of anonymized location data, COVID-19 case data, and census population information, to study the impact of COVID-19 on human mobility. The study revealed that statistics related to social distancing, namely trip rate, miles traveled per person, and percentage of population staying at home have all showed an unexpected trend, which we named social distancing inertia. The trends showed that as soon as COVID-19 cases were observed, the statistics started improving, regardless of government actions. This suggests that a portion of population who could and were willing to practice social distancing voluntarily and naturally reacted to the emergence of COVID-19 cases. However, after about two weeks, the statistics saturated and stopped improving, despite the continuous rise in COVID-19 cases. The study suggests that there is a natural behavior inertia toward social distancing, which puts a limit on the extent of improvement in the social-distancing-related statistics. The national data showed that the inertia phenomenon is universal, happening in all the U.S. states and for all the studied statistics. The U.S. states showed a synchronized trend, regardless of the timeline of their statewide COVID-19 case spreads or government orders. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.14748v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-292274-upwn9o2m author: Ghaffari, Abdi title: COVID-19 Serological Tests: How Well Do They Actually Perform? date: 2020-07-04 words: 4648.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292274-upwn9o2m.txt summary: While IgM and IgG antibodies have been the leading candidates in COVID-19 serological test development, recent studies show that IgA, predominately present in the mucosal tissue, may also play a critical role in the immune response and disease progression [12] . While IgM and IgG antibodies have been the leading candidates in COVID-19 serological test development, recent studies show that IgA, predominately present in the mucosal tissue, may also play a critical role in the immune response and disease progression [12] . Typically, RDT test strips use a drop of blood to detect the presence of patient antibodies (IgG, IgM, or IgA) produced against a specific SARS-CoV-2 antigen ( Figure 2 ). Critics point to gaps in our understanding of immune response to COVID-19 infection, including the ability of serological tests to detect neutralizing antibodies and the capacity of the immune system to provide long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2. abstract: In only a few months after initial discovery in Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 and the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a global pandemic causing significant mortality and morbidity and implementation of strict isolation measures. In the absence of vaccines and effective therapeutics, reliable serological testing must be a key element of public health policy to control further spread of the disease and gradually remove quarantine measures. Serological diagnostic tests are being increasingly used to provide a broader understanding of COVID-19 incidence and to assess immunity status in the population. However, there are discrepancies between claimed and actual performance data for serological diagnostic tests on the market. In this study, we conducted a review of independent studies evaluating the performance of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests. We found significant variability in the accuracy of marketed tests and highlight several lab-based and point-of-care rapid serological tests with high levels of performance. The findings of this review highlight the need for ongoing independent evaluations of commercialized COVID-19 diagnostic tests. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32635444/ doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10070453 id: cord-322725-fjd7cbvb author: Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz title: Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-17 words: 819.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322725-fjd7cbvb.txt summary: title: Early Tracheostomy in Trauma Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) The treatment of the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 is still to be identified and the current approaches and guidelines recommend supportive care along with mechanical ventilation [7] . The concept of early tracheostomy (5-7 days) in patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation has been supported by several lines of evidence in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ARDS [12, 13] . In addition, early tracheostomy decreases the rate of respiratory infections and used antibiotics in trauma patients [12, 13] . In addition, critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection and ARDS benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) according to the recently published data from China [17] . In conclusion, based on the published evidence and our previous experience in trauma patients, we postulate that early tracheostomy could be associated with improved outcome in patients with COVID-19 and ADRS experiencing traumatic injuries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944571/ doi: 10.30476/beat.2020.86487 id: cord-351941-fgtatt40 author: Ghaffarzadegan, Navid title: Simulation‐based estimation of the early spread of COVID‐19 in Iran: actual versus confirmed cases date: 2020-07-06 words: 9174.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351941-fgtatt40.txt summary: Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. The current paper focuses on using a standard dynamic epidemiological model as a tool for incorporating various sources of data into a unified estimation of the actual trajectory of disease, applying the method to COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We also use unofficial data points including four observations about the number of Iranian passengers diagnosed with COVID-19 upon arrival in international airports, and three estimates aggregated by healthcare providers in Iran and reported by BBC and Iran International news agencies about total cases of death from COVID-19. We define a likelihood function for change over time (net-inflow) of official reports on cumulative death, recovered and infection assuming they are count events drawn from model-predicted rates (Poisson distribution). abstract: Understanding the state of the COVID‐19 pandemic relies on infection and mortality data. Yet official data may underestimate the actual cases due to limited symptoms and testing capacity. We offer a simulation‐based approach which combines various sources of data to estimate the magnitude of outbreak. Early in the epidemic we applied the method to Iran's case, an epicenter of the pandemic in winter 2020. Estimates using data up to March 20th, 2020, point to 916,000 (90% UI: 508 K, 1.5 M) cumulative cases and 15,485 (90% UI: 8.4 K, 25.8 K) total deaths, numbers an order of magnitude higher than official statistics. Our projections suggest that absent strong sustaining of contact reductions the epidemic may resurface. We also use data and studies from the succeeding months to reflect on the quality of original estimates. Our proposed approach can be used for similar cases elsewhere to provide a more accurate, early, estimate of outbreak state. © 2020 System Dynamics Society url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834468/ doi: 10.1002/sdr.1655 id: cord-351896-j6h02ab5 author: Ghannam, Malik title: Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review date: 2020-06-19 words: 5060.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351896-j6h02ab5.txt summary: The following search strategy was implemented and these keywords and their synonyms (in the all fields) were combined in each database as follows: ("COVID 19" OR "coronavirus") AND ("brain" OR "CNS" OR "spinal cord" OR "nerve" OR "neurologic" OR "stroke" OR "cerebrovascular" OR "cerebral vein thrombosis" OR "sinus thrombosis" OR "Intracerebral hemorrhage" OR "hemorrhage" OR "myelitis" OR "GBS" OR "Guillain Barre syndrome" OR "neuropathy" OR "radiculopathy" OR "cranial neuropathy" OR "myopathy" OR "myositis" OR "rhabdomyolysis" OR "encephalitis" OR "encephalopathy" OR "meningitis" OR "meningoencephalitis" OR "seizure" OR "convulsion" OR "epilepsy") [ Fig. 1 ]. [11] For each study, the following descriptive, microbiological, and clinical information was extracted: patient demographic data, SARS-CoV-2 testing from nasal swab and CSF, neurological symptoms and signs and their onset in relation to respiratory or gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or anosmia or dysgeusia, any neurological investigations and CSF or any other relevant laboratory testing (such as CK, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant, fibrinogen, ganglioside antibodies), neurological diagnosis, occurrence of respiratory failure (defined as need for intubation, abnormal PO2 in blood gas, or Glasgow Coma Scale score less than or equal 8), treatments administered for the neurological diagnosis, and final outcome. abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019, unexplained cases of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China, which were found to be secondary to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) outbreak, a pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection including the potential mechanisms and therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search from December 01, 2019 to May 14, 2020 using multiple combinations of keywords from PubMed and Ovid Medline databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We included articles with cases of COVID-19 where neurological involvement was evident. RESULTS: We were able to identify 82 cases of COVID-19 with neurological complications. The mean age was 62.3 years. 37.8% of the patients were women (n = 31). 48.8% of the patients (n = 40) had cerebrovascular insults, 28% (n = 23) had neuromuscular disorders, and 23% of the patients (n = 19) had encephalitis or encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not rare, especially large vessel stroke, Guillain–Barre syndrome, and meningoencephalitis. Moving forward, further studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, investigate their biological backgrounds, and test treatment options. Physicians should be cautious not to overlook other neurological diagnoses that can mimic COVID-19 during the pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-09990-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561990/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09990-2 id: cord-348588-s85sseqo author: Gharakhanlou, Navid Mahdizadeh title: Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) date: 2020-07-30 words: 5536.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348588-s85sseqo.txt summary: title: Spatio-temporal simulation of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak using the agent-based modeling approach (Case study: Urmia, Iran) The main aim of this study is to develop an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates the spatio-temporal outbreak of COVID-19. The main innovation of this research is investigating the impacts of various strategies of school and educational center closures, heeding social distancing, and office closures on controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Urmia city, Iran. Besides, the transmission of COVID-19 between human agents was simulated based on the SEIRD model, and finally, all control strategies applied in Urmia city along with corresponding actions of each control strategy were implemented in the ABM. It should be noted that in order to transmit the COVID-19 indoors, people should be kept 297 at a distance of fewer than 2 meters for at least 15 minutes (Centers for Disease Control and 298 Prevention (CDC) 2019; World Health Organization (WHO) 2020); therefore, in this ABM, the time 299 interval was considered 15 minutes and the dimension of the cells was taken into account 2 meters. abstract: The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 as the current global concern threatens lives of many people around the world. COVID-19 is highly contagious so that it has infected more than 1,848,439 people until 14 April 2020 and killed more than 117,217 people. The main aim of this study is to develop an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates the spatio-temporal outbreak of COVID-19. The main innovation of this research is investigating the impacts of various strategies of school and educational center closures, heeding social distancing, and office closures on controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Urmia city, Iran. In this research, the outbreak of COVID-19 disease was simulated with the help of ABM so that all agents considered in the ABM along with their attributes and behaviors as well as the environment of the ABM were described. Besides, the transmission of COVID-19 between human agents was simulated based on the SEIRD model, and finally, all control strategies applied in Urmia city along with corresponding actions of each control strategy were implemented in the ABM. The results of the ABM indicated that school and educational center closures in Urmia city, reduced the number of infected people by 4.96% each week on average and 49.61% in total from February 21 until May 10. Heeding social distancing by 30% and 70% of people of Urmia city from March 27, led to decrease the number of infected people by 5.24% and 10.07% each week, on average and 31.46% and 60.44% in total, respectively, and if 30% and 70% of civil servants of Urmia city did not go to work, the number of infected people would be decreased by 3.30% and 5.25% each week, on average and 32.98% and 52.48% in total from February 21 until May 10, respectively. As a result of this research, heeding social distancing by the majority of people is recommended for Urmia city in the current situation. The main advantages of disease modeling are to investigate how the disease is likely to evolve amongst the population of society and also assess the impacts of control strategies on controlling the outbreak of disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352914820305530 doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100403 id: cord-031590-k16gsa7e author: Gharekhanloo, Farideh title: Variety of radiological findings in a family with COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-09-09 words: 2625.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031590-k16gsa7e.txt summary: Atypical clinical symptoms and imaging features are more common in children than adults; therefore, it is necessary to identify the typical and atypical imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pediatric population. There have been a limited number of studies conducted on the clinical and epidemiologic features and imaging manifestations of infected children, and there have been no specific consensus guidelines on the diagnosis of suspected pediatric patients with COVID-19 [2, 6] . According to the lower prevalence of COVID-19 among children, compared to that reported for adults, there have been no sufficient data on the clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 and its typical and atypical manifestations in children. Atypical clinical symptoms and imaging features are more common among children than adults; therefore, it is required to carry out further studies with more cases for the identification of typical and atypical imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pediatric population. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, a case series of pneumonia associated with seafood and wet animal market was reported as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The COVID-19 less frequently affects the pediatric group, and asymptomatic children are commonly reported. This feature is important due to the potential transmissibility of COVID-19 through these cases. There is a variety of atypical clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations among children infected with COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: We report two sisters with COVID-19 pneumonia who had close contact with their 77-year-old grandmother. Their grandmother expired with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The older sister (15 years old) firstly presented with severe cough, fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, and lymphopenia. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed atypical lobar pneumonic infiltration only in the left lower lobe. The younger sister (6 years old) was affected the following day with milder symptoms (i.e., fever and cough). Her chest CT scan demonstrated typical mild generalized patchy ground-glass opacity with interlobular septal thickening scattered in both lungs. The CT presentation of their grandmother showed typical bilateral white lungs with crazy paving appearance. The standard regimen for both sisters was administrated, and the patients’ respiratory conditions improved after 5 days of treatment. Both cases were discharged with good general conditions. CONCLUSION: Children are considered potentially important causes of COVID-19 transmission. The symptoms in children are milder, and clinicians should be aware of taking a definite history of infected family members. Atypical clinical symptoms and imaging features are more common in children than adults; therefore, it is necessary to identify the typical and atypical imaging patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia in the pediatric population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7479738/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00293-0 id: cord-257344-d13at1y5 author: Ghasemiyeh, Parisa title: COVID-19 Outbreak: Challenges in Pharmacotherapy Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Drug Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe Infection date: 2020-09-18 words: 5683.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257344-d13at1y5.txt summary: Patients with predisposing diseases are highly prone to COVID-19 and manifesting severe infection especially with organ function damage such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and death. Patients with underlying diseases are highly prone to present with severe infection especially with organ function damage such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), septic shock, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 10, 13 . Results of another systematic review and meta-analysis on 53 randomized clinical trials on administration of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 management revealed that hydroxychloroquine administration (case group) was significantly associated with higher incidence of total adverse effects in comparison to placebo or no treatment (control group) in overall population of patients with COVID-19 45 . Almost all of the potential drugs in COVID-19 treatment containing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin, and lopinavir/ritonavir have hepatic metabolism. abstract: The new coronavirus (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Most patients infected with COVID-19 had clinical presentations of dry cough, fever, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue and malaise, pneumonia, and bilateral infiltration in chest CT. Soon COVID-19 was spread around the world and became a pandemic. Now many patients around the world are suffering from this disease. Patients with predisposing diseases are highly prone to COVID-19 and manifesting severe infection especially with organ function damage such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and death. Till now many drugs have been considered in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, but pharmacotherapy in elderly patients and patients with pre-existing comorbidities is highly challenging. In this review, different potential drugs which have been considered in COVID-19 treatment have been discussed in detail. Also, challenges in the pharmacotherapy of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with the underlying disease have been considered based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of these drugs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980626/ doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.025 id: cord-316666-qif1k62t author: Ghati, Nirmal title: Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-10-30 words: 4394.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316666-qif1k62t.txt summary: title: Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial Patients with a critical illness (WHO clinical improvement ordinal score > 5), documented significant liver disease/dysfunction (aspartate transaminase [AST] / alanine aminotransferase [ALT] > 240), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] > 5x normal), allergy or intolerance to statins or aspirin, prior statin or aspirin use within 30 days, history of active gastrointestinal bleeding in past three months, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100000/ dl), pregnancy, active breastfeeding, or inability to take oral or nasogastric medications will be excluded. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In this study, the benefit and safety of atorvastatin (statin) and/or aspirin as adjuvant therapy will be compared with the control group receiving usual care for management of COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of adding statin (atorvastatin) and/or aspirin on clinical deterioration in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who require hospitalisation. The safety of these drugs in COVID-19 patients will also be evaluated. TRIAL DESIGN: This is a single-centre, prospective, four-arm parallel design, open-label, randomized control trial. PARTICIPANTS: The study will be conducted at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Jhajjar, Haryana, which is a part of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, and has been converted into a dedicated COVID-19 management centre since the outbreak of the pandemic. All RT-PCR confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with age ≥ 40 years and < 75 years requiring hospital admission (patients with WHO clinical improvement ordinal score 3 to 5) will be included in the trial. Written informed consent will be taken for all recruited patients. Patients with a critical illness (WHO clinical improvement ordinal score > 5), documented significant liver disease/dysfunction (aspartate transaminase [AST] / alanine aminotransferase [ALT] > 240), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] > 5x normal), allergy or intolerance to statins or aspirin, prior statin or aspirin use within 30 days, history of active gastrointestinal bleeding in past three months, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100000/ dl), pregnancy, active breastfeeding, or inability to take oral or nasogastric medications will be excluded. Patients refusing to give written consent and taking drugs that are known to have a significant drug interaction with statin or aspirin [including cyclosporine, HIV protease inhibitors, hepatitis C protease inhibitor, telaprevir, fibric acid derivatives (gemfibrozil), niacin, azole antifungals (itraconazole, ketoconazole), clarithromycin and colchicine] will also be excluded from the trial. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In this study, the benefit and safety of atorvastatin (statin) and/or aspirin as adjuvant therapy will be compared with the control group receiving usual care for management of COVID-19. Atorvastatin will be prescribed as 40 mg oral tablets once daily for ten days or until discharge, whichever is earlier. The dose of aspirin will be 75 mg once daily for ten days or until discharge, whichever is earlier. All other therapies will be administered according to the institute’s COVID-19 treatment protocol and the treating physician’s clinical judgment. MAIN OUTCOMES: All study participants will be prospectively followed up for ten days or until hospital discharge, whichever is longer for outcomes. The primary outcome will be clinical deterioration characterized by progression to WHO clinical improvement ordinal score ≥ 6 (i.e., endotracheal intubation, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, pressor agents, renal replacement therapy, ECMO requirement, and mortality). The secondary outcomes will be change in serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6), Troponin I, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) from time zero to 5th day of study enrolment or 7th day after symptom onset, whichever is later. Other clinical outcomes that will be assessed include progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), shock, ICU admission, length of ICU admission, length of hospital admission, and in-hospital mortality. Adverse drug effects like myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, and bleeding will also be examined in the trial to assess the safety of the interventions. RANDOMISATION: The study will use a four-arm parallel-group design. A computer-generated permuted block randomization with mixed block size will be used to randomize the participants in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to group A (atorvastatin with conventional therapy), group B (aspirin with conventional therapy), group C (aspirin + atorvastatin with conventional therapy), and group D (control; only conventional therapy). BLINDING (MASKING): The study will be an open-label trial. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): As there is no existing study that has evaluated the role of aspirin and atorvastatin in COVID-19 patients, formal sample size calculation has not been done. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be recruited during six months of study period. Once the first 200 patients are included in each arm (i.e., total 800 patients), the final sample size calculation will be done on the basis of the interim analysis of the collected data. TRIAL STATUS: The institutional ethical committee has approved the study protocol (Protocol version 3.0 [June 2020]). Participant recruitment starting date: 28(th) July 2020 Participant recruitment ending date: 27(th) January 2021 Trial duration: 6 months TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial has been prospectively registered in Clinical Trial Registry – India (ICMR- NIMS): Reference no. CTRI/2020/07/026791 (registered on 25 July 2020)]. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-020-04840-y. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33126910/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04840-y id: cord-344012-npob20n0 author: Gheblawi, Mahmoud title: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2 date: 2020-05-08 words: 10479.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt summary: ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases. 21, 22 Ongoing global efforts are focused on manipulating the ACE2/Ang 1-7 axis to curtail SARS-CoV-2 infection while affording maximal protective effects against lung and cardiovascular damage in patients with In this review, we summarize the diverse roles of ACE2, highlighting its role as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and negative regulator of the RAS, and the implications for the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed, including, in the lungs, cardiovascular system, gut, kidneys, central nervous system, and adipose tissue. ACE2 has recently been identified as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the infective agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019, providing a critical link between immunity, inflammation, ACE2, and cardiovascular disease. Although sharing a close evolutionary relationship with SARS-CoV, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 differs in several key amino acid residues, allowing for stronger binding affinity with the human ACE2 receptor, which may account for the greater pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The loss of ACE2 function following binding by SARS-CoV-2 is driven by endocytosis and activation of proteolytic cleavage and processing. The ACE2 system is a critical protective pathway against heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction including, myocardial infarction and hypertension, and against lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The control of gut dysbiosis and vascular permeability by ACE2 has emerged as an essential mechanism of pulmonary hypertension and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recombinant ACE2, gene-delivery of Ace2, Ang 1–7 analogs, and Mas receptor agonists enhance ACE2 action and serve as potential therapies for disease conditions associated with an activated renin-angiotensin system. rhACE2 (recombinant human ACE2) has completed clinical trials and efficiently lowered or increased plasma angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 levels, respectively. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.317015 doi: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317015 id: cord-301348-h21rnyww author: Gherghina, Ștefan Cristian title: Stock Market Reactions to COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Quantitative Evidence from ARDL Bounds Tests and Granger Causality Analysis date: 2020-09-15 words: 6397.0 sentences: 376.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301348-h21rnyww.txt summary: Figure 6 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in China, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). Figure 7 shows the results of criteria graph for the ARDL model that takes into account the number of new cases and new deaths in Italy, both for the BET stock index return and for the Romanian Government bond (10Y). However, both models shows that the number of new deaths in China due to COVID-19 has no influence on the BET index return, respectively, on the Romania 10-year bond yield, neither in the short-term, nor in the long-term. However, the short-run results show a negative impact of new deaths cases of COVID-19 from Italy on the BET index return, in line with Okorie and Lin [58] which underlined a transitory contagion effect in the stock markets due to novel coronavirus. abstract: This paper examines the linkages in financial markets during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. For this purpose, daily stock market returns were used over the period of December 31, 2019–April 20, 2020 for the following economies: USA, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, UK, China, and Romania. The study applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to explore whether the Romanian stock market is impacted by the crisis generated by novel coronavirus. Granger causality was employed to investigate the causalities among COVID-19 and stock market returns, as well as between pandemic measures and several commodities. The outcomes of the ARDL approach failed to find evidence towards the impact of Chinese COVID-19 records on the Romanian financial market, neither in the short-term, nor in the long-term. On the other hand, our quantitative approach reveals a negative effect of the new deaths’ cases from Italy on the 10-year Romanian bond yield both in the short-run and long-run. The econometric research provide evidence that Romanian 10-year government bond is more sensitive to the news related to COVID-19 than the index of the Bucharest Stock Exchange. Granger causality analysis reveals causal associations between selected stock market returns and Philadelphia Gold/Silver Index. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942766/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186729 id: cord-252745-qhhziz0u author: Gheysarzadeh, Ali title: Report of four pregnant women getting COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran: Case Series date: 2020-10-13 words: 1026.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252745-qhhziz0u.txt summary: This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection in four pregnant women in Ilam, Iran. Findings In the present study, four pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were reported. Conclusion This study showed although pregnant women were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, they were treated successfully. Due to some physiological causes, such as the suppression of the immune system,pregnant women are at high-risk groups (5, 6) .The purpose of this study was to report the 4 pregnant women infecting the COVID-19 in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital that is located in Ilam, Iran. Positive real-time PCR test for COVID-19 has been reported.Patient had mild fever, her other vital signs were Blood Presure = 120/80, Respirature Rate = 14 and Heart Rate = 86. The first group is Asymptomatic infection that they are positive for real-time PCR, but there are no clinical symptoms, and imaging examinations are normal.The second group is acute upper respiratory tract infection: only fever, cough, pharyngeal pain, nasal obstruction, fatigue, headache, myalgia, or discomfort are observed. abstract: Background Today, COVID-19 has become the most important health burdenall over the world.Pregnant women are determined as one of the high-risk groups. COVID-19 infection in this group may result in huge damages. This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection in four pregnant women in Ilam, Iran. Findings In the present study, four pregnant women infected with COVID-19 were reported. They were first positive for real-time PCR and then their CT scan werepositive, main clinical parameters of these patients were presented. All of these patients were hospitalized and all of them were treated successfully. Conclusion This study showed although pregnant women were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection, they were treated successfully. This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment atthe hospital for pregnant women can be a good experience. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2052297520301359 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100783 id: cord-322493-ymg6mh28 author: Gheysarzadeh, Ali title: Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series date: 2020-05-13 words: 963.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322493-ymg6mh28.txt summary: title: Report of 5 nurses infecting COVID-19 during patient care: case Series This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection during patients care among nures in the Mostafa Khomini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. None of the infected nurses were hospitalized and all of them preferred to be quarantine at home and receive the necessary care and treatment (Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra. Because at the the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran, there were no special protection against this infection.Therfore they were at risk for the COVID-19.This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was a good experience for nurses that can be used in some cases. Their medication was Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra However other serology methods were useful for confirm and follow up of patients (8) This study reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was successfully performed. abstract: Abstract Background The high prevalence of COVID-19 has been paied lots of attention all over the world. Nurses are in the first line against this infection and they placed in a high-risk situation. This study aimed to report COVID-19 infection during patients care among nures in the Mostafa Khomini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. In this hospital 125 nurses were enrolled in COVID-19 center. Findings In the present study 5 out of 125 nurses (4%) who enrolled in COVID-19 infection center, were infected with COVID-19. They were first positive for real-time PCR but the CT scan was positive for just one of them. None of the infected nurses were hospitalized and all of them preferred to be quarantine at home and receive the necessary care and treatment (Oseltamivir, Azithromycin and Kaletra. Conclusion This study showed that regardless of self caring, the nurses were exposed to COVID-19. Because at the the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran, there were no special protection against this infection.Therfore they were at risk for the COVID-19.This study also reported that receiving the necessary care and treatment at home was a good experience for nurses that can be used in some cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405418/ doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100694 id: cord-271262-xglhx928 author: Ghia, Samit title: “ANESTHESIA STAT” TO INTUBATE A COVID-19 PATIENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST date: 2020-05-15 words: 3280.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271262-xglhx928.txt summary: Although reducing exposure of medical personnel is of obvious importance, there has been a dearth of literature discussing clinical strategies during the induction and intubation of COVID-19 patients. Ketamine could be a good agent for COVID-19 patient inductions; however, the anesthesiologist must be wary of cardiac failure with induction doses, especially if there is any preexisting history of cardiac disease or concern for viral cardiomyopathy. Prior to entering the COVID-19 patient''s room, a review of the chart or a discussion with the primary team should include past medical history, current hemodynamic state, pertinent labs and findings, current medication regimens and the need to intubate over other strategies to improve oxygenation and ventilation. Upon entering the COVID-19 patient room, after securing appropriate personal and procedural equipment, the anesthesiologist should quickly move to the head of the bed while assessing the patient''s current oxygenation and airway. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020304778 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.016 id: cord-290611-fhaguv3f author: Ghio, Stefano title: Cardiac involvement at presentation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and their outcome in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-22 words: 3755.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290611-fhaguv3f.txt summary: Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence has shown that patients with confirmed COVID-19 may present elevated blood levels of high-sensitivity TnI (hs-TnI) during hospital stay, which might reflect ischemic cardiovascular complications or acute myocarditis [1] [2] [3] . The main finding is that, in this cohort, in-hospital mortality was associated with older age, respiratory failure and elevated plasma levels of hs-TnI whereas cardiovascular comorbidities were not an independent risk factor at multivariable analysis. However, when age and respiratory failure at hospital admission were analyzed together with cardiac involvement in a multivariable analysis, only older age, a P/F ratio < 200 and elevated hs-TnI plasma levels were significant predictor of death and of the combined outcome. abstract: The correlation between myocardial injury and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients is gaining attention in the literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of cardiac involvement and of respiratory failure in a cohort of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an academic hospital in Lombardy, one of the most affected Italian (and worldwide) regions by the epidemic. The study included 405 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a medical ward from February 25th to March 31st, 2020. Follow-up of surviving patients ended either at hospital discharge or by July 30th, 2020. Myocardial injury was defined on the basis of the presence of blood levels of hs-TnI above the 99th percentile upper reference limit. Respiratory function was assessed as PaO(2)/FiO(2) (P/F) ratio. The primary end-point was death for any cause. During hospitalization, 124 patients died. Death rate increased from 7.9% in patients with normal hs-TnI plasma levels and no cardiac comorbidity to 61.5% in patients with elevated hs-TnI and cardiac involvement (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, older age, P/F ratio < 200 (both p < 0.001) and hs-TnI plasma levels were independent predictors of death. However, it must be emphasized that the median values of hs-TnI were within normal range in non-survivors. Cardiac involvement at presentation was associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients, but, even in a population of COVID-19 patients who did not require invasive ventilation at hospital admission, mortality was mainly driven by older age and respiratory failure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11739-020-02493-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960429/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02493-y id: cord-293140-lp3l4iap author: Ghislandi, S. title: News from the front: Excess mortality and life expectancy in two major epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy date: 2020-05-05 words: 8334.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293140-lp3l4iap.txt summary: Given the clustering nature of the epidemic, focusing on the areas with high concentration of severe illness and deaths allows us to capture the true impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy, which are likely to be underestimated in the national level data. Exploiting daily death registrations data published by the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT), this paper provides the first evidence-based assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy in the first hardest hit epicentres outside China. Hence, by using complete and reliable data on the number of deaths for the first largest-scale outbreak outside China, this paper provides the first unbiased account of the mortality impact of COVID-19 and its consequence on life expectancy. Finally, we aggregate death counts and population exposure values over the entire year to derive age-specific mortality rates and life expectancies under both scenarios. abstract: Existing studies commonly rely on national official reports to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on population health and human life. However, relying on national reports is problematic because classification and estimation of COVID-19 mortality are not consistent across countries. Likewise, delay coronavirus test results and shortage of testing kits can result in undercounting of coronavirus deaths. To overcome these problems, this study exploits all cause daily death registrations data provide by the Italian Statistical Office (ISTAT) from 1st January to 4th April 2020. This allows us to: 1) calculate excess mortality in 2020 compared to the years 2015 to 2019; and 2) estimate life expectancy on a seasonal and annual basis. We focus our analysis on Bergamo and Brescia, the two hardest hit provinces in Lombardy, northern Italy. Given the clustering nature of the epidemic, focusing on the areas with high concentration of severe illness and deaths allows us to capture the true impact of COVID-19 on mortality and life expectancy, which are likely to be underestimated in the national level data. We find that on the period 1 Jan to 4 April 2020, seasonal life expectancy in Bergamo reduced by around 8.1 and 6.5 years compared to 2019 for men and women respectively (4.5 and 3.4 years in Brescia). The drop in period life expectancy for 2020 may total up to 3 years in the case of men and 2 years in the case of women. Such a sharp decrease in life expectancy has not been experienced in modern history since the Second World War. This study shows that, in the absence of public health interventions to reduce the spread of the virus, COVID-19 has set life expectancy in Bergamo and Brescia back to the Italian life expectancy of 15 years ago. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.29.20084335v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084335 id: cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author: Ghisolfi, Selene title: Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date: 2020-09-09 words: 3980.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257765-ljt9rn8z.txt summary: Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. To account for the likelihood of higher fatality rates in under-resourced health systems, we adjust the predicted IFRs for differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between world regions as a proxy for local capacity to treat viral respiratory illnesses. We can test the validity of our core assumption, namely, that variation in age, sex and comorbidity distributions as well as health system capacity explain differences in IFRs across countries by comparing our predicted IFRs to independently measured IFRs. For this exercise, we consider all studies reporting either IFRs or infection rates for populations with available COVID-19 fatalities, which were listed in the systematic review by Meyerowitz-Katz and Merone 17 or retrieved through an online search on July 2. abstract: Early reports suggest the fatality rate from COVID-19 varies greatly across countries, but non-random testing and incomplete vital registration systems render it impossible to directly estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) in many low- and middle-income countries. To fill this gap, we estimate the adjustments required to extrapolate estimates of the IFR from high-income to lower-income regions. Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. However, these predictions must be treated as lower bounds in low- and middle-income countries as they are grounded in fatality rates from countries with advanced health systems. To adjust for health system capacity, we incorporate regional differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus. This adjustment greatly diminishes but does not entirely erase the demography-based advantage predicted in the lowest income settings, with regional estimates of the predicted COVID-19 IFR ranging from 0.37% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.45% for Eastern Europe. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 id: cord-292056-dtdyxhq4 author: Ghogawala, Zoher title: Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery date: 2020-04-17 words: 1393.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292056-dtdyxhq4.txt summary: Second, the neurosurgery workflow was changed dramatically by the cancellation of elective surgery cases in order to increase hospital capacity for future COVID-19 patients. In most hospitals, all interventional spine procedures have been postponed to decrease patient exposure to COVID-19 and allow surgeons to focus their efforts on the treatment of patients who require urgent care. As more patients are admitted to hospitals with active COVID-19 infections, the risk of exposure for spinal surgeons increases. While caring for COVID-19-positive patients who might need emergency spine surgery, all personnel are required to wear N95 masks and no personnel other than the anesthesiologist are allowed in the OR for 30 minutes following intubation. As elective surgery has been reduced in hospitals, many spinal surgeons have been asked to participate in the care of medical patients. Having models to compensate physicians and hospitals for the effective use of telehealth will be one positive aspect of this crisis, which has provided many opportunities for new learning. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.spine20468 doi: 10.3171/2020.4.spine20468 id: cord-300742-hsfh4hw9 author: Ghoreishi, Abdoreza title: Stroke care trends during COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: statistical analysis plan and preliminary results date: 2020-09-16 words: 3959.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300742-hsfh4hw9.txt summary: We used a Bayesian hierarchical model and an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to identify changes in stroke hospitalization rate, baseline stroke severity [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], disability [measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], presentation time (last seen normal to hospital presentation), thrombolytic therapy rate, median door-to-needle time, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. Variables of interest included hospitalization rate per week per 100,000 population (total ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes), male-to-female ratio, severity of stroke at admission [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], functional status at admission and at discharge [defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) >2], presentation time (last known well to hospital admission), the proportion of patients who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) to total ischemic stroke incidence, door-to-needle time, door-to-CT time, hospital length-of-stay, and in-hospital mortality per admissions ratio (death before discharge). abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems and this may affect stroke care and outcomes. This study examines the changes in stroke epidemiology and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. METHODS: This study is part of the CASCADE international initiative. From February 18, 2019, to July 18, 2020, we followed ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization rates and outcomes in Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model and an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to identify changes in stroke hospitalization rate, baseline stroke severity [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], disability [measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], presentation time (last seen normal to hospital presentation), thrombolytic therapy rate, median door-to-needle time, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. We compared in-hospital mortality between study periods using Cox-regression model. RESULTS: During the study period, 1,026 stroke patients were hospitalized. Stroke hospitalization rates per 100,000 population decreased from 68.09 before the pandemic to 44.50 during the pandemic, with a significant decline in both Bayesian [Beta: -1.034; Standard Error (SE): 0.22, 95% CrI: -1.48, -0.59] and ITS analysis (estimate: -1.03, SE=0.24, P <0.0001). Furthermore, we observed lower admission rates for patients with mild (NIHSS<5) ischemic stroke (P<0.0001). Although, the presentation time and door-to-needle time did not change during the pandemic, a lower proportion of patients received thrombolysis (-10.1%; P=0.004). We did not see significant changes in admission rate to the stroke unit and in-hospital mortality rate; however, disability at discharge increased (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In Zanjan, Iran, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted stroke outcomes and altered the delivery of stroke care. Observed lower admission rates for milder stroke may possibly be due to fear of exposure related to COVID-19. The decrease in patients treated with thrombolysis and the increased disability at discharge may indicate changes in the delivery of stroke care and increased pressure on existing stroke acute and subacute services. The results of this research will contribute to a similar analysis of the larger CASCADE dataset in order to confirm findings at a global scale and improve measures to ensure the best quality of care for stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1052305720307394?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105321 id: cord-275261-t39kofet author: Ghosal, Samit title: Prediction of the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 5–6 weeks date: 2020-04-02 words: 1181.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275261-t39kofet.txt summary: Abstract Introduction and Aims: No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. Conclusion According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts 102 expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts 102 expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. abstract: Abstract Introduction and Aims: No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. Material and methods Validated database was used to procure global and Indian data related to coronavirus and related outcomes. Multiple regression and linear regression analyses were used interchangeably. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. Results A linear regression analysis predicted average week 5 death count to be 211 with a 95% CI: 1.31–2.60). Similarly, week 6 death count, in spite of a strong correlation with input variables, did not pass the test of statistical significance. Using auto-regression technique and using week 5 death count as input the linear regression model predicted week 6 death count in India to be 467, while keeping at the back of our mind the risk of over-estimation by most of the risk-based models. Conclusion According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32298982/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.017 id: cord-310108-glikeowu author: Ghosh, Amerta title: COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes date: 2020-10-10 words: 969.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310108-glikeowu.txt summary: title: COVID19 induced acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes The current ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) is increasing worldwide and in India 1 . Here we report a case of acute pancreatitis in a patient positive for COVID-19. Only one other case of acute pancreatitis due to COVID19 has been reported from India. In these cases, associated complications of COVID-19 like respiratory distress and acute kidney injury were severe. 8 In a case reported from India a 29-year-old male with fever, abdomen pain, and respiratory distress was diagnosed with COVID-19 and also had acute pancreatitis confirmed on biochemical and radiological investigations. Acute pancreatic injury induced by COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.008 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.008 id: cord-299683-nv8kfp7z author: Ghosh, Kapil title: Inter-state transmission potential and vulnerability of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-06-16 words: 1715.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299683-nv8kfp7z.txt summary: To assess the inter-state diversity in spreading potentiality of COVID-19, the exposure, readiness and resilience capability have been studied. In this context, the fact is noteworthy that every state of India is not equally well-equipped with adequate medical infrastructure to provide necessary health care facilities to the COVID-19 patients. This paper aims to highlight the interstate variations in transmission potential of COVID-19 and to assess the exposure, preparedness and resilience capacity in different states in India. State and district wise data regarding the confirmed case of COVID-19 and test records from 30 th January to 31 st May, 2020 have been collected from publicly available portal of covid19india.org. To identify states wise potential for hospital shortages, the COVID 19 confirmed cases and hospital bed ratio has also been calculated. In India, Recovery rate of COVID-19 patients is increasing and during first phase it was 13.16% and in last phase it reaches to about 50% with great inter-state variation. abstract: Abstract Since the first case of COVID-19 traced in India on 30th January 2020, the total no. of confirmed cases is amplified. To assess the inter-state diversity in spreading potentiality of COVID-19, the exposure, readiness and resilience capability have been studied. On the basis of the extracted data, the outbreak scenario, growth rate, testing amenities have been analysed. The study reflects that there is an enormous disparity in growth rate and total COVID-19 cases. The major outbreak clusters associated with major cities of India. COVID-19 cases are very swiftly amplifying with exponential growth in every four to seven days in main affected states during first phase of lockdown. The result shows the vibrant disproportion in the aspect of, hospital bed ratio, coronavirus case-hospital bed ratio, provision of isolation and ventilators, test ratio, distribution of testing laboratories and accessibility of test centres all over India. The study indicates the sharp inequality in transmission potentiality and resilience capacity of different states. Every state and union territory are not well-prepared to contain the spreading of Covid-19. The strict protective measures and uniform resilience system must be implemented in every corner of India to battle against the menace of Covid-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259006172030051X doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100114 id: cord-354792-6ckgxn9l author: Ghosh, Mousam title: Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection date: 2020-10-19 words: 3405.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354792-6ckgxn9l.txt summary: title: Dynamic Model of Infected Population Due to Spreading of Pandemic COVID-19 Considering Both Intra and Inter Zone Mobilization Factors with Rate of Detection In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection has been proposed. In view of these, a dynamic model to predict the pattern and volume of infected population due to the spread of COVID-19 has been proposed in the present paper considering several real life factors such as intra and inter zone mobilization, lockdown on local and global activities before detection, rate of detection and the effects of quarantine after detection. In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection, have been proposed with various operating procedures. abstract: Most of the widely populated countries across the globe have been observing vicious spread and detrimental effects of pandemic COVID-19 since its inception on December 19. Therefore to restrict the spreading of pandemic COVID-19, various researches are going on in both medical and administrative sectors. The focus has been given in this research keeping an administrative point of view in mind. In this paper a dynamic model of infected population due to spreading of pandemic COVID-19 considering both intra and inter zone mobilization factors with rate of detection has been proposed. Few factors related to intra zone mobilization; inter zone mobilization and rate of detection are the key points in the proposed model. Various remedial steps are taken into consideration in the form of operating procedures. Further such operating procedures are applied over the model in standalone or hybridized mode and responses are reported in this paper in a case-studies manner. Further zone-wise increase in infected population due to the spreading of pandemic COVID-19 has been studied and reported in this paper. Also the proposed model has been applied over the real world data considering three states of India and the predicted responses are compared with real data and reported with bar chart representation in this paper. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920307712?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110377 id: cord-347104-h168kqjn author: Ghosh, Ritwik title: A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-11-11 words: 2596.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347104-h168kqjn.txt summary: title: A case of area postrema variant of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder following SARS-CoV-2 infection J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f It has recently reported a case of a young man presenting with bilateral severe optic neuritis and myelitis, determined to be simultaneously SARS-CoV-2 and MOG IgG antibody positive, i.e. a variant of NMOSD. We herein report a novel case of a previously healthy man who presented with a clinical picture of bouts of vomiting and hiccoughs (area postrema syndrome), which rapidly evolved to acute LETM, all following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We herein report a novel case of a previously healthy man who presented with a clinical picture of bouts of vomiting and hiccoughs (area postrema syndrome), which rapidly evolved to acute LETM, all following SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a disabling autoimmune astrocytopathic channelopathy, characterized by the presence of pathogenic antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channels. Several viral infections including HIV, influenza virus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein Barr virus, among others, have been alleged to trigger NMOSD in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infectious disease of 2019 (COVID-19) have been ever evolving and the spectrum of neuraxial involvement is broadening. Albeit it may affect any area of the neural axis, the involvement of the spinal cord is rare compared to that of the brain and of the peripheral nervous system. Cases with acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) have been recently reported in SARS-CoV-2 infection but did not fulfill the international consensus diagnostic criteria for NMOSD. AQP-4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD following SARS-CoV-2 infection had not yet been reported. We herein report a novel case of a previously healthy man who presented with a clinical picture of bouts of vomiting and hiccoughs (area postrema syndrome), which rapidly evolved to acute LETM, all following SARS-CoV-2 infection. He was finally diagnosed to be a case of seropositive NMOSD which presented as area postrema syndrome. The response to immunomodulatory drugs was excellent. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572820307001?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577439 id: cord-325021-rv5fsitx author: Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto title: Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-14 words: 2695.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325021-rv5fsitx.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While the demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU have been already extensively characterized by large reports from several parts of the word, little is still known about non-viral infectious complications such as bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI), that may participate in adversely influencing the outcome of any ICU-admitted patient 6, 7 . In the present study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the incidence rate, cumulative risk, predictors, and survival of ICU-acquired BSI in patients with COVID-19 admitted to two ICUs in a large teaching hospital in Northern Italy, one of the most affected areas in Europe to date 8 . abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective, single‐centre study was conducted in Northern Italy. The primary study objectives were: (i) to assess the incidence rate of ICU‐acquired BSI; (ii) to assess the cumulative risk of developing ICU‐acquired BSI. RESULTS: Overall 78 critically ill patients with COVID‐19 were included in the study. Forty‐five episodes of ICU‐acquired BSI were registered in 31 patients, with an incidence rate of 47 episodes (95% confidence interval [CI] 35‐63) per 1000 patient‐days at risk. The estimated cumulative risk of developing at least one BSI episode was of almost 25% after 15 days at risk, and possibly surpassing 50% after 30 days at risk. In multivariable analysis, anti‐inflammatory treatment was independently associated with the development of BSI (cause‐specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.07 with 95% CI 0.38‐3.04 for tocilizumab, csHR 3.95 with 95% CI 1.20‐13.03 for methylprednisolone, and csHR 10.69 with 95% CI 2.71‐42.17 for methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab, with no anti‐inflammatory treatment as the reference group; overall p for the dummy variable = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of BSI was high, and the cumulative risk of developing BSI increased with ICU stay. Further study will clarify if the increased risk of BSI we detected in COVID‐19 patients treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs is outweighed by the benefits of reducing any possible proinflammatory dysregulation induced by SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13319 doi: 10.1111/eci.13319 id: cord-333582-l2coget2 author: Giacomelli, A. title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-06 words: 3043.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333582-l2coget2.txt summary: Methods: This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). The data extracted from the patients'' clinical charts on a daily basis and stored in an ad hoc database included age and gender; the reported date of symptom onset; body weight and height, the presence of obesity defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 points [10] , and history of smoking; comorbidity burden defined assessed by age unadjusted Charlson comorbidity index [11] and concomitant treatments for chronic medical conditions; symptoms; vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse oximetry), laboratory values (white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts; hemoglobin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, prothrombin, D-dimer, and creatinine levels; and arterial oxygen partial pressure); radiography findings upon admission. abstract: Background: Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the highest number of recorded COVID-19 deaths in Europe. Methods: This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors independently associated with the risk of death. Results: Forty-eight (20.6%) of the 233 patients followed up for a median of 40 days (interquartile range 33-47) died during the follow-up. Most were males (69.1%) and their median age was 61 years (IQR 50-72). The time-dependent probability of death was 19.7% (95% CI 14.6-24.9%) 30 days after hospital admission. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.48-2.92 per ten years more) and obesity (aHR 3.04, 95% CI 1.42-6.49) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, which was also associated with critical disease (aHR 8.26, 95% CI 1.41-48.29), C-reactive protein levels (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35 per 50 mg/L more) and creatinine kinase levels above 185 U/L (aHR 2.58, 95% CI 1.37-4.87) upon admission. Conclusions: Case-fatality rate of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the early days of the Italian epidemic was about 20%. Our study adds evidence to the notion that older age, obesity and more advanced illness are factors associated to an increased risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088336 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088336 id: cord-322663-a58e6pp8 author: Giacomelli, Andrea title: 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 words: 3158.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322663-a58e6pp8.txt summary: The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). The Department of Infectious Diseases of Luigi Sacco Hospital (the national reference centre for epidemiological emergencies and bioterrorism in northern Italy) has been admitting SARS-CoV-2 patients (particularly those coming from the "red zone" municipalities first involved in the epidemic) since the night of 20 February 2020, when the first COVID-19 case was identified in a town about 50 km from Milan [9]. abstract: Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and has the highest number of recorded COVID-19 deaths in Europe. This prospective cohort study of the correlates of the risk of death in COVID-19 patients was conducted at the Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care units of Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. The clinical characteristics of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalised in the early days of the epidemic (21 February -19 March 2020) were recorded upon admission, and the time-dependent probability of death was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method (censored as of 20 April 2020). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the factors independently associated with the risk of death. Forty-eight (20.6%) of the 233 patients followed up for a median of 40 days (interquartile range 33-47) died during the follow-up. Most were males (69.1%) and their median age was 61 years (IQR 50-72). The time-dependent probability of death was 19.7% (95% CI 14.6-24.9%) 30 days after hospital admission. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.48-2.92 per ten years more) and obesity (aHR 3.04, 95% CI 1.42-6.49) were independently associated with an increased risk of death, which was also associated with critical disease (aHR 8.26, 95% CI 1.41-48.29), C-reactive protein levels (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.35 per 50 mg/L more) and creatinine kinase levels above 185 U/L (aHR 2.58, 95% CI 1.37-4.87) upon admission. Case-fatality rate of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the early days of the Italian epidemic was about 20%. Our study adds evidence to the notion that older age, obesity and more advanced illness are factors associated to an increased risk of death among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446978/ doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104931 id: cord-339436-0k73tlna author: Giagulli, Vito Angelo title: Worse progression of COVID‐19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor? date: 2020-06-11 words: 7894.0 sentences: 520.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339436-0k73tlna.txt summary: Considering that low serum T levels induce detrimental effects on cardiovascular system and predispose to impaired immune response, endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation, respectively 28 , herein, we will overview on possible putative mechanisms by which circulating T might affect the prognosis in men with COVID-19 (Table 1) . All rights reserved adipose tissue dysfunction and male hypogonadism, even if subclinical, are associated with higher circulating levels of cytokine (IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha), endothelial dysfunction 163 , and amplified thrombosis risk, possibly prompting to detrimental clinical consequences in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It may affect baseline respiratory function, thus increasing the risk of mechanical ventilation requirement once the infection occurred; increase the number of baseline comorbidities, consequently predisposing to poor prognosis or death as certificated by epidemiological studies; fosters hormonal imbalance (decline in circulating serum T and increase in serum estrogen concentration) which are involved in the fine regulation of immune system and coagulative homeostasis in case of infection, and predispose men to poor effective immune response, cytokine dysregulation; endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease 2019 (COVID‐19) seems to have a worse clinical course among infected men compared to women, thus, highlighting concerns about gender predisposition to serious prognosis. Therefore, androgens, particularly testosterone (T), could be suspected as playing a critical role in driving this excess of risk. However, gonadal function in critically ill men is actually unknown, mainly because serum T concentration is not routinely measured in clinical practice, even more in this clinical context. OBJECTIVE: To overview on possible mechanisms by which serum T levels could affect the progression of COVID‐19 in men. METHODS: Authors searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional websites for medical subheading terms and free text words referred to “SARS‐CoV‐2”, “COVID‐19”, “testosterone”, “male hypogonadism”, “gender” “immune system”, “obesity”, “thrombosis” until May 19(th) 2020. RESULTS: T, co‐regulating the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in host cells, may facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 internalization. Instead, low serum T levels may predispose to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis and defective immune response, leading to both impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation. Obesity, one of the leading causes of severe prognosis in infected patients, is strictly associated with functional hypogonadism, and may consistently strengthen the aforementioned alterations, ultimately predisposing to serious respiratory and systemic consequences. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: T in comparison to estrogen may predispose men to a widespread COVID‐19 infection. Low serum levels of T, which should be supposed to characterize the hormonal milieu in seriously ill individuals, may predispose men, especially aged men, to poor prognosis or death. Further studies are needed to confirm these pathophysiological assumptions and to promptly identify adequate therapeutic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524732/ doi: 10.1111/andr.12836 id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh author: Giallonardo, Vincenzo title: The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date: 2020-06-05 words: 6319.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.txt summary: The present study has been developed with the aims to: a) evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. The survey includes the following self-reported questionnaires: the General Health Questionnaire -12 items (GHQ-12) (31); the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale -21 Items (DASS-21) (32); the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory -Revised (OCI-R) (33); the Insomnia Severity Index (34) ; the Severity-of-Acute-Stress-Symptoms-Adult (35); the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) (36); the Impact of Event Scale -6 items (37); the UCLA loneliness scale -short version (38) ; the Brief COPE (39); the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory short form (40) ; the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scaleshort form (41) ; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social support (42); the Pattern of Care Schedule (PCS)-modified version (43); the Maslach Burnout Inventory (only for health professionals) (44) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures—mainly physical distancing and isolation—are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, and worries about the future are common reactions and represent well-known risk factors for several mental disorders, including anxiety, affective, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The vast majority of available studies have been conducted in China, where the pandemic started. Italy has been severely hit by the pandemic, and the socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there is the need for methodologically rigorous studies aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine measures on the mental health of the Italian population. In fact, our results will help us to develop appropriate interventions for managing the psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The “COVID-IT-mental health trial” is a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which has the following aims: a) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. Data will be collected through a web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants will be subdivided into four groups: a) Group 1—COVID-19 quarantine group. This group includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those not directly exposed to contagion nor in contact with COVID-19+ individuals; b) Group 2—COVID-19+ group, which includes isolated people directly/indirectly exposed to the virus; c) Group 3—COVID-19 healthcare staff group, which includes first- and second-line healthcare professionals; d) Group 4—COVID-19 mental health, which includes users of mental health services and all those who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Mental health services worldwide are not prepared yet to manage the short- and long-term consequences of the pandemic. It is necessary to have a clear picture of the impact that this new stressor will have on mental health and well-being in order to develop and disseminate appropriate interventions for the general population and for the other at-risk groups. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 id: cord-296171-v9co078y author: Gialluisi, Alessandro title: New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? date: 2020-05-06 words: 676.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296171-v9co078y.txt summary: title: New challenges from Covid-19 pandemic: an unexpected opportunity to enlighten the link between viral infections and brain disorders? The current Covid-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to disentangle the link between viral/ infectious diseases, inflammation, and the risk of brain disorders, as mentioned here below. About half of hospitalized patients are > 55 years [9] : the resulting higher age-related risk of neurodegenerative disorders is a good setting to investigate triggering and double-hit mechanisms previously hypothesized for viral infections [4] . To sum up, the current Covid-19 pandemic provides an extraordinary window to implement a worldwide collaborative effort, aimed at enlightening the largely unexplored relationship between viral infections, inflammation, and brain disorders. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study | clinical infectious diseases | Oxford Academic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04444-z doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04444-z id: cord-278339-6ddsj014 author: Gianfrancesco, Milena title: Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry date: 2020-05-29 words: 5376.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278339-6ddsj014.txt summary: The independent associations between demographic and disease-specific features with the odds of COVID-19 hospitalisation were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and reported as OR and 95% CIs; covariates included in the model were age group (<65 years vs >65 years), sex, rheumatic disease (rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) or other spondyloarthritis, vasculitis and other), key comorbidities (hypertension, lung disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic renal insufficiency/end-stage renal disease), smoking status (ever vs never), physician-reported disease activity (remission, minimal/low disease activity, moderate disease activity or severe/high disease activity; or as a binary variable: remission and minimal/low disease activity vs moderate and severe/high disease activity), DMARD type (no DMARD, csDMARD only, b/tsDMARD only, csDMARD and b/tsDMARD combination therapy), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use (yes vs no) and prednisone-equivalent glucocorticoid use (0 mg/ day, 1-9 mg/day, ≥10 mg/day). abstract: OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 outcomes in people with rheumatic diseases remain poorly understood. The aim was to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation status in people with rheumatic disease. METHODS: Case series of individuals with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry: 24 March 2020 to 20 April 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of hospitalisation. Age, sex, smoking status, rheumatic disease diagnosis, comorbidities and rheumatic disease medications taken immediately prior to infection were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 600 cases from 40 countries were included. Nearly half of the cases were hospitalised (277, 46%) and 55 (9%) died. In multivariable-adjusted models, prednisone dose ≥10 mg/day was associated with higher odds of hospitalisation (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.96). Use of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) alone or in combination with biologics/Janus Kinase inhibitors was not associated with hospitalisation (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.70 to 2.17 and OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.46, respectively). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was not associated with hospitalisation status (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.06). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (anti-TNF) use was associated with a reduced odds of hospitalisation (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.81), while no association with antimalarial use (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.57) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We found that glucocorticoid exposure of ≥10 mg/day is associated with a higher odds of hospitalisation and anti-TNF with a decreased odds of hospitalisation in patients with rheumatic disease. Neither exposure to DMARDs nor NSAIDs were associated with increased odds of hospitalisation. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871 id: cord-331328-qom8vl94 author: Gianfrancesco, Milena A title: Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries date: 2020-04-16 words: 1416.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331328-qom8vl94.txt summary: In less than 1 week, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance successfully developed online portals and case report forms to enable healthcare providers around the world to enter information on individuals with rheumatic disease who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Within 1 week of launching the registry, rheumatology providers from around the world have submitted data on more than 100 cases, allowing very preliminary characterisa tion and rapid dissemination of information regarding COVID-19 in individuals with rheumatic disease. We expect that a major contribution of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance will be rapid dissemination of information, since existing national patient registries might be less equipped to capture data on a global scale, given fixed timepoints and restrictions on consent of new individuals. In summary, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance represents the commitment of rheumatologists to generate rapid data to help inform the care of individuals with rheumatic disease and those using immunomodulating therapies. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2665991320300953 doi: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30095-3 id: cord-266935-bkan3mwy author: Giannakoulis, Vassilis G. title: Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data date: 2020-06-08 words: 2879.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266935-bkan3mwy.txt summary: We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). 2 We therefore aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes, such as mortality and need for admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. abstract: PURPOSE: Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531). RESULTS: A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients). CONCLUSION: The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00225 doi: 10.1200/go.20.00225 id: cord-325307-agaau27o author: Giavedoni, Priscila title: Skin Manifestations in COVID-19: Prevalence and Relationship with Disease Severity date: 2020-10-12 words: 4301.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325307-agaau27o.txt summary: Cutaneous lesions could be categorized into six patterns represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular (20.7%), Grover''s disease and other papulo-vesicular eruptions (13.8%), livedo Reticularis (6.9%), Other eruptions (22.4%), Urticarial (6.9%), and CHilblain-like (29.3%). Patients with chilblain-like lesions exhibited a characteristic histology and were significantly younger and presented lower rates of systemic symptoms, radiological lung infiltrates and analytical abnormalities, and hospital and ICU admission compared to the rest of patients. These skin manifestations are represented by the acronym "GROUCH": Generalized maculo-papular; Grover''s disease and other papulo-vesicular; livedo Reticularis; Other eruptions; Urticarial; and CHilblain-like. Fourth, the detailed information on clinical manifestations other than cutaneous, radiological findings, analytical parameters, and particularly comprehensive histopathology data including immunofluorescence and IHC allowed us to better characterize the chilblain-like pattern as having largely specific features. Notably, patients with chilblain-like lesions have distinctive clinical and histological features and have less severe manifestations of the disease. abstract: Background: Data on the clinical patterns and histopathology of SARS-CoV-2 related skin lesions, as well as on their relationship with the severity of COVID-19 are limited. Methods and Materials: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a teaching hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from 1 April to 1 May 2020. Clinical, microbiological and therapeutic characteristics, clinicopathological patterns of skin lesions, and direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical findings in skin biopsies were analyzed. Results: Fifty-eight out of the 2761 patients (2.1%) either consulting to the emergency room or admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 suspicion during the study period presented COVID-19 related skin lesions. Cutaneous lesions could be categorized into six patterns represented by the acronym “GROUCH”: Generalized maculo-papular (20.7%), Grover’s disease and other papulo-vesicular eruptions (13.8%), livedo Reticularis (6.9%), Other eruptions (22.4%), Urticarial (6.9%), and CHilblain-like (29.3%). Skin biopsies were performed in 72.4%, including direct immunofluorescence in 71.4% and immunohistochemistry in 28.6%. Patients with chilblain-like lesions exhibited a characteristic histology and were significantly younger and presented lower rates of systemic symptoms, radiological lung infiltrates and analytical abnormalities, and hospital and ICU admission compared to the rest of patients. Conclusion: Cutaneous lesions in patients with COVID-19 appear to be relatively rare and varied. Patients with chilblain-like lesions have a characteristic clinicopathological pattern and a less severe presentation of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103261 doi: 10.3390/jcm9103261 id: cord-330758-0mdn06qh author: Gibson Miller, Jilly title: Capability, opportunity, and motivation to enact hygienic practices in the early stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in the United Kingdom date: 2020-05-16 words: 3278.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330758-0mdn06qh.txt summary: This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behaviour (COM‐B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). RESULTS: Using regression models, we found that all three COM‐B components significantly predicted good hygienic practices, with motivation having the greatest influence on behaviour. The British Psychological Society (BPS) Behavioural Science and Disease Prevention Taskforce (BSDPT:, 2020) recommends the exploration of behavioural influences on enacting preventive behaviour in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011) . To explore COM-B influences on behaviour further, we regressed hygienic practices on COM-B subscales (i.e., psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation) using OLS. This research explored UK citizens'' hygienic practices during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the COM-B model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: The COVID‐19 pandemic is one of the greatest global health threats facing humanity in recent memory. This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behaviour (COM‐B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). DESIGN: Data from the first wave of a longitudinal survey study were used, launched in the early stages of the UK COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: Participants were 2025 adults aged 18 and older, representative of the UK population, recruited by a survey company from a panel of research participants. Participants self‐reported motivation, capability, and opportunity to enact hygienic practices during the COVID‐19 outbreak. RESULTS: Using regression models, we found that all three COM‐B components significantly predicted good hygienic practices, with motivation having the greatest influence on behaviour. Breaking this down further, the subscales psychological capability, social opportunity, and reflective motivation positively influenced behaviour. Reflective motivation was largely driving behaviour, with those highest in reflective motivation scoring 51% more on the measure of hygienic practices compared with those with the lowest scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have clear implications for the design of behaviour change interventions to promote hygienic practices. Interventions should focus on increasing and maintaining motivation to act and include elements that promote and maintain social support and knowledge of COVID‐19 transmission. Groups in particular need of targeting for interventions to increase hygienic practices are males and those living in cities and suburbs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415918/ doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12426 id: cord-299350-db8w79g8 author: Gibson, Cody V. title: Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey date: 2020-05-03 words: 2366.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299350-db8w79g8.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. RESULTS: An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. This study aimed to investigate individual EMS provider competency and resource accessibility amid COVID-19 in the United States using a self-report survey questionnaire. abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. METHODS: An online 42-question multiple choice survey was randomly distributed between April 1, 2020, and April 16, 2020 to various active Emergency Medical Services (EMS) paid personnel in all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia (n=192). We approximate a 95% confidence interval (± 0.07). RESULTS: An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. For providers who do have access to N95 respirators, 31% report having to use the same mask for 1 week or longer. Approximately ⅓ of the surveyed participants were unsure of when a COVID-19 patient is infectious. The data suggests regular decontamination of EMS equipment after each patient contact is not a regular practice. DISCUSSION: Current practices to educate EMS providers on appropriate response to the novel coronavirus may not be sufficient, and future patients may benefit from a nationally established COVID-19 EMS response protocol. Further investigation on whether current EMS practices are contributing to the spread of infection is warranted. The data reveals concerning deficits in COVID-19 related education and administrative protocols which pose as a serious public health concern that should be urgently addressed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03900 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03900 id: cord-269726-z0frgm7s author: Gidari, Anna title: Is recurrence possible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Case series and systematic review of literature date: 2020-10-10 words: 6678.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269726-z0frgm7s.txt summary: Criteria for patients'' selection were diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection [5] ; the subsequent meeting of criteria for hospital discharge (improvement of symptoms and two negative swabs collected at least 24 h apart) [4] ; and a positive respiratory sample collected after discharge. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement protocol [8] , a systematic review has been performed concerning the patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 that, after clinical and virological recovery, presented a new positive respiratory sample (swab, sputum, saliva, tracheal aspirate, or BAL). The patient was discharged in good clinical conditions with indication to repeat quarantine and swab tests that came negative for SARS-CoV-2 (Allplex™ 2019-nCoV Assay) on April 27 and 28 (Fig. 1b) . abstract: Can a patient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) be infected again? This question is still unsolved. We tried to analyze local and literature cases with a positive respiratory swab after recovery. We collected data from symptomatic patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Umbria Region that, after recovery, were again positive for SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract specimens. Samples were also assessed for infectivity in vitro. A systematic review of similar cases reported in the literature was performed. The study population was composed of 9 patients during a 4-month study period. Among the new positive samples, six were inoculated in Vero-E6 cells and showed no growth and negative molecular test in culture supernatants. All patients were positive for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and/or S protein. Conducting a review of the literature, 1350 similar cases have been found. The presumptive reactivation occurred in 34.5 days on average (standard deviation, SD, 18.7 days) after COVID-19 onset, when the 5.6% of patients presented fever and the 27.6% symptoms. The outcome was favorable in 96.7% of patients, while the 1.1% of them were still hospitalized at the time of data collection and the 2.1% died. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain new positive respiratory samples after confirmed negativity. According to this study, the phenomenon seems to be due to the prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA traces in respiratory samples of recovered patients. The failure of the virus to replicate in vitro suggests its inability to replicate in vivo. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-04057-6 doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-04057-6 id: cord-034686-y0y5ltxs author: Gieraerts, Christopher title: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials date: 2020-10-22 words: 3164.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034686-y0y5ltxs.txt summary: title: Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of AI-assisted Analysis of Lung Involvement in COVID-19 on Low-Dose Submillisievert Chest CT: Sample Size Implications for Clinical Trials PURPOSE: To compare the prognostic value and reproducibility of visual versus AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT in COVID-19 patients. AUC values from AI-assisted analysis were significantly higher than those from visual analysis for both semi-quantitative CT scores and percentages of lung involvement (all P<0.001). CONCLUSION: AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT outperformed conventional visual analysis in predicting outcome in COVID-19 patients while reducing CT variability. For quantitative percentage of lung involvement, visual analysis demonstrated excellent agreement with AI-assisted analysis without and with manual correction (ICC: 0.873 and 0.871, respectively). On the basis of the interreader variability of chest CT, we estimated sample sizes needed to detect significant decreases in lung involvement during a clinical trial ( Figure 6 ). abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the prognostic value and reproducibility of visual versus AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved retrospective study. From March 15 to June 1, 2020, 250 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were studied with low-dose chest CT at admission. Visual and AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement was performed by using a semi-quantitative CT score and a quantitative percentage of lung involvement. Adverse outcome was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and cross-validated receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUROC) analysis was performed to compare model performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland- Altman analysis was used to assess intra- and interreader reproducibility. RESULTS: Adverse outcome occurred in 39 patients (11 deaths, 28 ICU admissions). AUC values from AI-assisted analysis were significantly higher than those from visual analysis for both semi-quantitative CT scores and percentages of lung involvement (all P<0.001). Intrareader and interreader agreement rates were significantly higher for AI-assisted analysis than visual analysis (all ICC ≥0.960 versus ≥0.885). AI-assisted variability for quantitative percentage of lung involvement was 17.2% (coefficient of variation) versus 34.7% for visual analysis. The sample size to detect a 5% change in lung involvement with 90% power and an α error of 0.05 was 250 patients with AI-assisted analysis and 1014 patients with visual analysis. CONCLUSION: AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT outperformed conventional visual analysis in predicting outcome in COVID-19 patients while reducing CT variability. Lung involvement on chest CT could be used as a reliable metric in future clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7586438/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200441 id: cord-311848-8n9ee57a author: Giesen, Nicola title: Evidence-based Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients – Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) date: 2020-09-21 words: 7678.0 sentences: 516.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311848-8n9ee57a.txt summary: It was prepared by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) by critically reviewing the currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in cancer patients applying evidence-based medicine criteria. We do not 285 recommend to delay/discontinue radiotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy or surgery in 286 cancer patients without suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (DII u ) as no impact on mortality 287 of such prior treatments was seen in several large cohort studies of 20, 31, 40, 94 288 In patients with COVID-19, it is strongly recommended to delay/discontinue chemotherapy, if 289 possible, as chemotherapy within two weeks of admission was a major risk factor for severe COVID-290 19 in a large Chinese cohort study (AII u ). Clinical characteristics and risk factors 38 associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, 39 retrospective, cohort study abstract: Since its first detection in China in late 2019 the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the associated infectious disease COVID-19 continue to have a major impact on global health care and clinical practice. Cancer patients, in particular those with haematological malignancies, seem to be at an increased risk for a severe course of infection. Deliberations to avoid or defer potentially immunosuppressive therapies in these patients need to be balanced against the overarching goal of providing optimal antineoplastic treatment. This poses a unique challenge to treating physicians. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations regarding prevention, diagnostics and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 as well as strategies towards safe antineoplastic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was prepared by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) by critically reviewing the currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in cancer patients applying evidence-based medicine criteria. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804920304937?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.009 id: cord-292407-7xjw1lsb author: Gil, Holly title: 48-year-old with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-07 words: 650.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292407-7xjw1lsb.txt summary: CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old male who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of an upper respiratory infection was seen at an urgent care, he had a negative chest radiograph and was discharged. With no other cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state, the patient presented to the emergency department two days later with worsening shortness of breath. CXR and computed tomography (CT) were done in the ED, and it was later confirmed he was infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 1 which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 3, 4 While there are over a dozen non-specific findings suggestive of COVID-19 on CT, those with the highest discriminatory values were ground-glass opacities (GGO), and GGO that are bilateral and/or peripheral in distribution (Image 2). Bilateral and/or peripheral airspace opacities on radiographs and computed tomography can help suggest infection before testing results are available. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection abstract: CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old male who presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of an upper respiratory infection was seen at an urgent care, he had a negative chest radiograph and was discharged. With no other cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the state, the patient presented to the emergency department two days later with worsening shortness of breath. DISCUSSION: There are a variety of findings on both chest radiograph and computed tomography of the chest that suggests COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.4.47648 doi: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.4.47648 id: cord-327779-lt3t4shi author: Gilad, Vered title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Italy: A Physician’s Experience and Insights date: 2020-07-31 words: 2308.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327779-lt3t4shi.txt summary: This perspective piece focuses on the main challenges faced by Italian hospital managements: hospital overcrowding; the need for urgent reorganization of the country''s healthcare systems; the lack of data regarding COVID-19 diagnostics, clinical course, and effective treatment; individual and collective consequences of the crisis; and the importance of disease containment measures and early treatment strategies. 9 The main factors associated with stress disorders included supporting the challengingly high number of critically ill patients, scarcity of intensive care beds, unfamiliar treatment strategies, feelings of inadequacy, uncertainty about pandemic duration, the risk of infection and deficiency of personal protective equipment, high-workload shifts, and physical distress related to the need to use heavy protective uniforms. In view of the importance of identifying patients in the early stages of disease, an open letter signed by more than 100,000 Italian doctors was sent to the Italian Ministry of Health, asking for a strengthening of community assistance and the telemedicine infrastructure to allow home surveillance and care of COVID-19 patients. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy, the first Western country hit by the pandemic, seriously impacted the Italian healthcare system and social and economic environment. This perspective piece focuses on the main challenges faced by Italian hospital managements: hospital overcrowding; the need for urgent reorganization of the country’s healthcare systems; the lack of data regarding COVID-19 diagnostics, clinical course, and effective treatment; individual and collective consequences of the crisis; and the importance of disease containment measures and early treatment strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32792048/ doi: 10.5041/rmmj.10419 id: cord-334278-ajdjfzd2 author: Gilis, M. title: Caractéristiques de la COVID-19 chez les patients âgés de 75 ans et plus, hospitalisés date: 2020-09-30 words: 2156.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334278-ajdjfzd2.txt summary: Matériels et méthodes Il s''agit d''une étude prospective observationnelle descriptive monocentrique incluant tous les patients hospitalisés, initialement hors réanimation, avec une COVID-19 confirmée par RT-PCR et/ou par imagerie scanographique entre le 3 mars et le 24 avril 2020. Conclusion Sur la période de mars 2020 alors que l''épidémie de SARS-CoV-2 a touché la France de plein fouet, les virus respiratoires classiques ont rapidement disparu tandis que la COVID-19 touchait plus du tiers des personnes consultant pour un syndrome grippal dans un centre de dépistage hospitalier francilien. Matériels et méthodes Dans notre hôpital, les soignants symptomatiques étaient systématiquement testés par une RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 sur frottis rhinopharyngé. Les soignants COVID avaient été plus souvent en contact avec un cas confirmé d''infection à SARS-CoV-2 (75 % vs 63 %, p < 0,001) mais n''étaient pas plus souvent affectés dans les unités COVID (16 % vs 12 %, p = 0,17). abstract: Introduction Les personnes âgées comptent parmi le groupe de population le plus touché et le plus à risque de développer une forme grave de la COVID-19. La symptomatologie est parfois frustrée et aspécifique dans cette population. L’objectif est de comparer les caractéristiques d’une population ≥75 ans hospitalisée pour une COVID-19 à celles d’une population<75 ans, en incluant la mortalité toute cause à 28jours du début des signes cliniques. Matériels et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude prospective observationnelle descriptive monocentrique incluant tous les patients hospitalisés, initialement hors réanimation, avec une COVID-19 confirmée par RT-PCR et/ou par imagerie scanographique entre le 3 mars et le 24 avril 2020. Pour tous les patients, étaient recueillies de façon standardisée des variables démographiques, cliniques et paracliniques. Tous les patients ont eu un suivi clinique et/ou téléphonique jusqu’à j28 du début des signes cliniques. Les caractéristiques des patients de ≥75 ans sont comparées à celles des patients<75 ans (tests du Chi2 et exact de Fisher ; la valeur p <0,05 est considérée comme statistiquement significative). Résultats Ont été hospitalisés 436 patients (femmes : 196 [45 %] ; âge moyen : 69±18 ans ; patients ≥75 ans : 186 [43 %]). Le délai moyen entre le début des symptômes et l’hospitalisation était de 5,8±5jours. Le score moyen de Charlson était de 5,7 (±3). Cinquante-quatre patients (12 %) ont été transférés en réanimation (âge moyen : 67±18 ans). Soixante-dix-neuf patients sont décédés (18 %) dont 7 après leur transfert en réanimation. À l’admission, les patients ≥75 ans présentaient moins souvent des symptômes ORL (8 % vs 16 %, p <0,01), une toux (70 % vs 81 %, p <0,012) et une dyspnée (44 % vs 56 %, p =0,013). À noter qu’ils présentaient aucun signe respiratoire dans 11 % des cas vs dans 5,6 % chez les plus jeunes (p =0,047). Une chute les jours précédant l’hospitalisation, un syndrome confusionnel et une atteinte digestive fébrile étaient plus souvent retrouvés chez les patients ≥75 ans (respectivement, 22 % vs 4 %, p <0,001 ; 19 % vs 5 %, p <0,001 et 6 % vs 2 %, p =0,015). Les transferts en réanimation étaient moins fréquents chez les patients ≥75 ans (6 % vs 18 %, p <0,001), la mortalité toute cause à 28jours y est en revanche plus élevée (30 % vs 8 %, p <0,001). Conclusion Comparés aux<75 ans, les patients ≥75 ans ont moins souvent des symptômes respiratoires et plus souvent des symptômes classiquement retrouvés dans la population gériatrique, quelle que soit l’étiologie : chute, confusion et troubles digestifs. En période d’épidémie, il est important de prendre en compte ces spécificités gériatriques afin de mettre en place les précautions complémentaires adaptées et de réaliser un test diagnostique du virus SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0399077X2030295X doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.131 id: cord-285526-xm9yj5ua author: Gill, Balvinder Singh title: Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia date: 2020-07-30 words: 4331.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285526-xm9yj5ua.txt summary: We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. Thus, the parameter ζ represents the effect of social distancing and the parameter κ reflects the proportion of the exposed people complying to practicing hand-hygiene, use of face masks, and any form of individual effective precautionary measures [24] , which depicts the model in simulating the control measures taken in preventing COVID-19 transmission in Malaysia. Despite the low (β) value in our study, it is vital that MCO measures be instituted to control the outbreak, as was observed with the exponential rise of cases during the second wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia due to the effect of a mass gathering event. This study recommends the implementation of MCO measures, which are effective in controlling the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia, showing an observed reduction of peak active cases by 99.1%. abstract: Malaysia is currently facing an outbreak of COVID-19. We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. We utilized a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered (SEIR) model by incorporating isolation, quarantine, and movement control order (MCO) taken in Malaysia. The simulations were fitted into the Malaysian COVID-19 active case numbers, allowing approximation of parameters consisting of probability of transmission per contact (β), average number of contacts per day per case (ζ), and proportion of close-contact traced per day (q). The effective reproduction number (R(t)) was also determined through this model. Our model calibration estimated that (β), (ζ), and (q) were 0.052, 25 persons, and 0.23, respectively. The (R(t)) was estimated to be 1.68. MCO measures reduce the peak number of active COVID-19 cases by 99.1% and reduce (ζ) from 25 (pre-MCO) to 7 (during MCO). The flattening of the epidemic curve was also observed with the implementation of these control measures. We conclude that isolation, quarantine, and MCO measures are essential to break the transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155509 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155509 id: cord-307127-1kkpx108 author: Gill, D. title: ACE inhibition and cardiometabolic risk factors, lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression, and plasma ACE2 levels: a Mendelian randomization study date: 2020-04-14 words: 5238.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307127-1kkpx108.txt summary: Objectives: To use human genetic variants that proxy angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug effects and cardiovascular risk factors to provide insight into how these exposures affect lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression and circulating ACE2 levels. Variants that proxy ACE inhibitor drug effects and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lifetime smoking index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) were selected from publicly available genome-wide association study data (sample sizes ranging from 188,577 to 898,130 participants). Variants that proxy ACE inhibitor drug effects and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lifetime smoking index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) were selected from publicly available genome-wide association study data (sample sizes ranging from 188,577 to 898,130 participants). abstract: Objectives: To use human genetic variants that proxy angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug effects and cardiovascular risk factors to provide insight into how these exposures affect lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression and circulating ACE2 levels. Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Setting: Summary-level genetic association data. Participants: Participants were predominantly of European ancestry. Variants that proxy ACE inhibitor drug effects and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lifetime smoking index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus) were selected from publicly available genome-wide association study data (sample sizes ranging from 188,577 to 898,130 participants). Genetic association estimates for lung expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were obtained from the Gene-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project (515 participants) and the Lung eQTL Consortium (1,038 participants). Genetic association estimates for circulating plasma ACE2 levels were obtained from the INTERVAL study (4,947 participants). Main outcomes and measures: Lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and plasma ACE2 levels. Results: There were no association of genetically proxied ACE inhibition with any of the outcomes considered here. There was evidence of a positive association of genetic liability to type 2 diabetes mellitus with lung ACE2 gene expression in GTEx (p = 4x10-4) and with circulating plasma ACE2 levels in INTERVAL (p = 0.03), but not with lung ACE2 expression in the Lung eQTL Consortium study (p = 0.68). There were no associations between genetically predicted levels of the other cardiometabolic traits with the outcomes. Conclusions: This study does not provide evidence to support that ACE inhibitor antihypertensive drugs affect lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression or plasma ACE2 levels. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, our findings do not support a change in ACE inhibitor medication use without clinical justification. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20059121 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20059121 id: cord-259306-3ldoo5ly author: Gillespie, Megan title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Complicated by Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax date: 2020-09-23 words: 806.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259306-3ldoo5ly.txt summary: The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.(1) The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic by March 2020.(1) The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a current global health emergency. The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. Chest x-ray was repeated on this seventh day of his hospitalization, and spontaneous pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and bilateral patchy airspace disease were noted, all new findings compared to CXR on initial presentation (Figure 2 ). With these new findings on portable CXR, the patient had a computed tomography (CT) chest without IV contrast performed that also demonstrated extensive pneumomediastinum and bilateral groundglass opacities, but no pleural or pericardial effusion, no pneumothorax, and no lymphadenopathy (Figure 3 ). abstract: The first reports of severe acute respiratory symptoms from a novel coronavirus called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.(1) The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic by March 2020.(1) The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a current global health emergency. Clinical information about the findings of COVID-19 and its associated complications are constantly evolving and becoming more widely available. Providers should be familiar with both typical symptoms and image study results for COVID-19 as well as less commonly reported complications of progressive COVID-19, such as spontaneous pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as highlighted in this case. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989414/ doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101232 id: cord-311588-ocz2rzy7 author: Gilligan, Jeffrey title: Collateral Damage During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-14 words: 477.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311588-ocz2rzy7.txt summary: At our institution, similarly, we have seen both a huge decline in patients seeking care for neurological and neurosurgical diagnoses, as well as late presentation of life-threatening conditions. She refused to seek care at the hospital due specifically to fear of contracting COVID-19. What remains unknown is how many patients with known or unknown pathologies are having progression of a deficit (i.e. worsening vision secondary to a supersellar mass or worsening cervical myelopathy) that would otherwise have brought them to seek urgent medical care. In our own institution, resources and staff are finally being able to assist with non-COVID patient duties. The untold toll -The pandemic''s effects on patients without COVID-19 As the pandemic subsides, we will need to ask our leaders, public health officials, and the media to send a message to patients at risk: please seek help if you''re not well or having worsening symptoms. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419877/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.091 id: cord-337598-86xnmxvi author: Gil‐Rodrigo, Adriana title: Ultrasound in Pregnant Women With Suspected COVID‐19 Infection date: 2020-08-10 words: 743.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337598-86xnmxvi.txt summary: To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Dr Soldati and colleagues, "Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method." 1 As the authors point out, lung ultrasound (LUS) is an unquestionably useful tool for detecting lung damage in the entire population. Although pneumonia seldom manifests in pregnant women, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic makes this population more vulnerable to such infections. Two women showed images compatible with moderate interstitial pneumonia due to COVID-19 4 : pleural irregularity, a focal and patchy interstitial pattern, and B-lines in posterior basal and middle areas (Figure 1 ). Proposal for international standardization of the use of lung ultrasound for patients with COVID-19: a simple, quantitative, reproducible method How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776592/ doi: 10.1002/jum.15419 id: cord-266478-642m488a author: Gino, Bruno title: Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient date: 2020-07-11 words: 5438.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266478-642m488a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266478-642m488a.txt summary: title: Automated Inflating Resuscitator (AIR): Design and Development of a 3D-Printed Ventilator Prototype and Corresponding Simulation Scenario Based on the Management of a Critical COVID-19 Patient The aim of this technical report is twofold: first, to describe the design and manufacturing process of the automated inflating resuscitator (AIR), a 3D-printed ventilator training device which operates on the principle of pushing a bag valve mask; second, to present a simulation scenario that can be used for training health professionals how to use this and similar, low-cost, 3D-printed ventilators in the context of ventilator shortages caused by COVID-19. In addition to the description of the ventilator, we also present a simulation case using AIR to train safety, operational ability, crisis resource management, and communication skills. If there is a limited supply of participants, the paramedics team can only be reported by the facilitators, as the main objective of this simulation is training with the use of AIR and care involving a patient with COVID-19. abstract: Recent surges in COVID-19 cases have generated an urgent global demand for ventilators. This demand has led to the development of numerous low-cost ventilation devices, but there has been less emphasis on training health professionals to use these new devices safely. The aim of this technical report is twofold: first, to describe the design and manufacturing process of the automated inflating resuscitator (AIR), a 3D-printed ventilator training device which operates on the principle of pushing a bag valve mask; second, to present a simulation scenario that can be used for training health professionals how to use this and similar, low-cost, 3D-printed ventilators in the context of ventilator shortages caused by COVID-19. To this end, the AIR was designed in an expedient manner in accordance with basic functionality established by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (United Kingdom) for provisional clinical use in light of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789074/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9134 id: cord-298006-4g4eh5un author: Giones, Ferran title: Revising entrepreneurial action in response to exogenous shocks: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-30 words: 4881.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298006-4g4eh5un.txt summary: Abstract With regards to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the domain of entrepreneurship, we offer research-based evidence and associated insights focused on three perspectives (i.e., business planning, frugality, and emotional support) regarding entrepreneurial action under an exogenous shock. Answering the call for attention from Startup Autobahn on the lack of guidance for entrepreneurial activity in an evolving crisis context, in this Rapid Response article we suggest that entrepreneurs build resilience (considering the unknown duration of this pandemic) while promoting social support to embrace new opportunities in a time of social distancing (see Table 1 ). Overall, based on theory and research regarding how business planning activities, frugality and emotional support can guide Startup Autobahn, other entrepreneurship stakeholders, and entrepreneurs more broadly, we recommend (1) adjusting to less formal, more frequent, and nuanced business planning activities; (2) adopting a frugal organizational culture that protects and prioritizes resources that directly contribute to the products and services and the long-term vision of the venture; (3) formalizing the informal so that emotional support can be exchanged internally and externally. abstract: Abstract With regards to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the domain of entrepreneurship, we offer research-based evidence and associated insights focused on three perspectives (i.e., business planning, frugality, and emotional support) regarding entrepreneurial action under an exogenous shock. Beyond the initial emergency response that countries around the world have taken, we argue that it is time to revise entrepreneurial action guidance in such a context. Our aim is to highlight ways that entrepreneurs can take action in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. We position our insights to be relevant to both researchers and practitioners coping with an unprecedented situation that has catastrophic consequences both economically and socially. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352673420300421 doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2020.e00186 id: cord-328376-hxl3xfyl author: Giordano, Arturo title: Management of Structural Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 1566.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328376-hxl3xfyl.txt summary: However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease-2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians and world healthcare systems that resulted in deferral of elective and semi-elective procedures, such as SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Indeed, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease 2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians, and world healthcare systems resulting in deferral of elective and semielective procedures, such as those for subjects with SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [3] [4] [5] [6] . In conclusion, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. abstract: Transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease (SHD) now represent an effective alternative to surgery in selected patients. A clear premise is that delay in or neglect of treating patients in need of SHD intervention is associated with unavoidable morbidity and mortality because many of them have life-threatening conditions. However, the recent outbreak of coronavirus-associated disease-2019 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented strain on patients, physicians and world healthcare systems that resulted in deferral of elective and semi-elective procedures, such as SHD, and delay in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hereby present the case for a focused resumption of transcatheter SHD interventions in selected centers, in order to preserve patient safety and avoid that death rate will extend far beyond that directly associated with COVID-19. A similar approach should be applied to the invasive management of ACS. Indeed, a proactive and vigilant stance on managing SHD and ACS is crucial, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the risk of overlooking severely sick patients or postponing life-saving treatments is high. If such corrective measures are not put into effect, we may expect in the near future an excess of avoidable fatalities indirectly due to COVID-19 but truly caused by cardiovascular diseases, as well as an exceedingly large number of patients with severe heart failure leading to shorter life expectancy, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare cost. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-020-00849-5 doi: 10.1007/s11883-020-00849-5 id: cord-349353-2ll9hzfr author: Giordano, Chiara title: Freedom or money? The dilemma of migrant live‐in elderly carers in times of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-04 words: 7540.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349353-2ll9hzfr.txt summary: Concerning the latter, as it has repeatedly been stressed, the COVID-19 crisis has and will have an impact on various aspects of gender equality, including the economic hardship falling on women whose economic position is precarious, which is the case of many single-parent households; the sharpening of domestic violence; the hazardous situation of workers in the frontline, the majority of whom are women; and the increased burden of unpaid care and housework responsibilities during the lockdown period 1 . Both elementsthe emotional ties between caregiver and care receiver and the position of live-in caregivers as ''quasi-family members''have crucial consequences on the lives and choices of live-in elderly carers in times of COVIDAs mentioned in the previous section, the very nature of care work, including the gendered construction of the ideals and values associated to it and the emotional labour that shapes their This article is protected by copyright. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837020/ doi: 10.1111/gwao.12509 id: cord-291176-evb6yt0r author: Giorgi Rossi, Paolo title: Characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of COVID-19 patients in the Province of Reggio Emilia, Italy date: 2020-08-27 words: 4559.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291176-evb6yt0r.txt summary: In this report, based on the cohort of all residents in the province of Reggio Emilia who were SARS-CoV-2-positive at nasal and pharyngeal swab and with symptoms (COVID-19 cases) since the inception of the epidemic, we describe patient characteristics and explore their role as putative prognostic factors in predicting the occurrence of hospital admission or death. We considered the following patient characteristics: age, sex, place of birth (Italy or abroad), time span (in days) from symptom onset to diagnosis/ hospitalization, and comorbidities, whose prognostic role was explored both singly (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arrhythmia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, vascular diseases, obesity) and by computing the Charlson Comorbidity Index, which provides an overall measure of an individual patient''s complexity [12] . While in this study we focused on the risk of hospitalization and death in a cohort of COVID-19 patients diagnosed during the epidemic in Northern Italy, it also provided us with the opportunity to describe the pattern of distribution of the disease in the whole population. abstract: This is a population-based prospective cohort study on archive data describing the age- and sex-specific prevalence of COVID-19 and its prognostic factors. All 2653 symptomatic patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from February 27 to April 2, 2020 in the Reggio Emilia province, Italy, were included. COVID-19 cumulative incidence, hospitalization and death rates, and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Females had higher prevalence of infection than males below age 50 (2.61 vs. 1.84 ‰), but lower in older ages (16.49 vs. 20.86 ‰ over age 80). Case fatality rate reached 20.7% in cases with more than 4 weeks follow up. After adjusting for age and comorbidities, men had a higher risk of hospitalization (HR 1.4 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6) and of death (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1). Patients over age 80 compared to age < 50 had HR 7.1 (95% CI 5.4 to 9.3) and HR 27.8 (95% CI 12.5 to 61.7) for hospitalization and death, respectively. Immigrants had a higher risk of hospitalization (HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.81) than Italians and a similar risk of death. Risk of hospitalization and of death were higher in patients with heart failure, arrhythmia, dementia, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, while COPD increased the risk of hospitalization (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.5) but not of death (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.7). Previous use of ACE inhibitors had no effect on risk of death (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.34). Identified susceptible populations and fragile patients should be considered when setting priorities in public health planning and clinical decision making. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238281 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238281 id: cord-254837-zhxabt66 author: Giorgi, P. D. title: Vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: redefining the priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 words: 1648.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254837-zhxabt66.txt summary: Here we present a case of symptomatic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) in an elderly patient positive for COVID-19 with newly diagnosed MM, treated with kyphoplasty. Indeed, other reports on urgent spine surgery during the pandemic highlighted the benefit of treating two broad categories of spinal disease as urgencies: first, acute traumatic fractures with spinal instability; and second, spinal cord or nerve root compression with severe pain or neurological deficit [1, 2] . Answering our initial question on what is deferable during COVID-19 pandemic, we wanted to highlight how a non-considered urgent procedure such as kyphoplasty can be the key for a right treatment. Indeed, in this case report, our decision making was not in accordance with an expert opinion on what is considered as urgent spinal surgery but was instead tailored to the specific needs of the patient. Balloon kyphoplasty versus non-surgical fracture management for treatment of painful vertebral body compression fractures in patients with cancer: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01590-4 doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01590-4 id: cord-324245-cfiekxr4 author: Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo title: Prevalence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-08-25 words: 3765.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324245-cfiekxr4.txt summary: In a single-center cross-sectional study, all patients hospitalized for more than 5 days in Internal Medicine Department with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia received 2-point compressive ultrasound assessment (CUS) of the leg vein system during a single day. Aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis of the legs in a cohort of patients admitted to Internal Medicine of Cremona Hospital, with severe SARS-Cov-2 infection and treated with standard thromboprophylaxis, in a period between 5 and 10 days from hospitalization. The main demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with DVT are shown in Table 2 Discussion Our study shows that in patients admitted to a hospital medical ward because of COVID-19-associated pneumonia, the prevalence of silent proximal DVT was as high as 13.6%, despite standard anticoagulant prophylaxis. abstract: The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and venous thrombotic disorders is still unclear. We assessed the association between COVID-19 infection-related pneumonia and proximal deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in a cohort of patients admitted to our hospital during the European outbreak in the front line of Cremona, Lombardy. In a single-center cross-sectional study, all patients hospitalized for more than 5 days in Internal Medicine Department with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia received 2-point compressive ultrasound assessment (CUS) of the leg vein system during a single day. Ninety-four percent of patients received enoxaparin as standard pharmacological prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. The presence of DVT was defined as incompressibility of popliteal or common femoral vein. Out of 121 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (mean age 71.8, 66.3% males) hospitalized on March 31st, 70 stayed in hospital for over 5 days and 66 of them underwent CUS of deep venous system of the legs. The presence of asymptomatic DVT was found in 9 patients (13.6%). No symptomatic DVT was found. Patients with DVT showed mean age = 75.7 years, mean D-dimer levels = 4.02 ng/ml and all of them received enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis, except one. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary embolism in five patients. One every seven patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia, hospitalized for more than 5 days, had asymptomatic proximal DVT and half of them had confirmed PE despite standard pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. This observational study suggests the need of an active surveillance through CUS in patients hospitalized with acute SARS-COV-2 and underline the need of a more intense thromboprophylaxis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840805/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02472-3 id: cord-305793-xmkiqgbn author: Giovannoni, Gavin title: Anti-CD20 immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 words: 937.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305793-xmkiqgbn.txt summary: It is also assumed that people who are immunocompromised, for example, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are also at increased risk of severe COVID-19. It is therefore very reassuring to read in this issue a case report of a patient with primary progressive MS previously treated with ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody, who developed uncomplicated COVID-19 (Novi G, Mikulska M, Briano F, Toscanini F, Tazza F, Uccelli A, Inglese M, 2020) . This case and online reports support the hypothesis that immunosuppression, or at the least moderate immunosuppression associated with MS DMTs, may protect against the development of severe COVID-19 infection. However, there are always rare exceptions to the rule; for example, a single case report of fulminant hepatitis associated with an unusual echovirus-25 infection in a patient on ocrelizumab therapy (Nicolini et al., 2019; Novi G, Mikulska M, Briano F, Toscanini F, Tazza F, Uccelli A, Inglese M, 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221103482030211X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102135 id: cord-312801-tllj77up author: Giovannoni, Gavin title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the use of MS disease-modifying therapies date: 2020-03-27 words: 3053.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312801-tllj77up.txt summary: It is essential to consider the potential risk of morbidity and possible mortality for each MS patient, who may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and develops COVID-19. Assuming that antiviral responses are driven mainly by T-cells, in particular CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and natural-killer cells and less so, at least initially, by B-cells, allows one to construct a hierarchy of immunosuppression of DMTs. The highest risk are the immune reconstitution therapies during the depletion phase of the treatment, i.e. haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), alemtuzumab (Lemtrada), mitoxantrone (Novantrone) and cladribine (Mavenclad). This is why patients on S1P modulators should be at relatively low risk of complications from COVID-19 infection and why it may be safe to continue these treatments during the epidemic. Infection risks among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod, natalizumab, rituximab, and injectable therapies abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2211034820301498 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102073 id: cord-257144-3q0un5rl author: Giri, Allan title: Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 words: 5580.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt summary: title: Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) are two anti-malarial drugs that are now being extensively used by front-line healthcare workers and other common people as a prophylactic drug against the Corona Virus Disease − 19 (COVID-19) in India and as well as in many parts of the world. Thus, we recognize the need to critically review the mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects of these drugs, to find out whether it is safe to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19. Moreover, the potentials of these drugs as Fig. 5 Endosomal TLR 7 and 9 inhibition by HCQ and CQ: Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 9 initiate immune response when it encounters microbial nucleic acids (only shown here is a viral particle). abstract: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) are two anti-malarial drugs that are now being extensively used by front-line healthcare workers and other common people as a prophylactic drug against the Corona Virus Disease − 19 (COVID-19) in India and as well as in many parts of the world. While only a few in vitro studies have pointed to some efficacy of these drugs as a prophylactic against COVID-19, to date, there are no clinical studies that have established any clinical efficacy of these drugs as a prophylactic. These drugs are commonly used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) because of its immunomodulatory effects. Previously, we have evaluated the genetic toxicology of different drugs and chemicals including antimalarial drug CQ both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we recognize the need to critically review the mutagenic, genotoxic, and immunomodulatory effects of these drugs, to find out whether it is safe to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19. Existing literature suggests that CQ can induce mutagenic and genotoxic effects in multiple test systems and both the drugs have immunomodulatory effects. There was no data available to evaluate the mutagenicity and genotoxicity for HCQ. However, during metabolism about 60% of both the drugs remain unchanged and about 40% of the drugs are metabolized into two metabolites, desethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine by the action of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver. Both HCQ and CQ are immunomodulatory drugs and have the potential to suppress normal immune system activation. In this review, we have elucidated the mechanism of immunomodulation by both HCQ and CQ and highlighted the mutagenic and genotoxic effects from the available literature. This article is written with the sole objective that the reader will be able to recognize the adverse effects of these drugs when consumed by healthy individuals as a prophylactic. Current literature indicates that healthy individuals should refrain from the use of these drugs until further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32884603/ doi: 10.1186/s41021-020-00164-0 id: cord-311523-erntrh3p author: Gisondi, P title: Dermatologists and SARS‐CoV‐2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice date: 2020-04-22 words: 2757.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311523-erntrh3p.txt summary: Since the first case of "pneumonia of unknown aetiology" was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐ 19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a label of "pandemic." The ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is having a huge impact on dermatological practice including the marked reduction of face‐to‐face consultations in favour of teledermatology, the uncertainties concerning the outcome of COVID‐19 infection in patients with common inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulating systemic therapies; the direct involvement of dermatologists in COVID‐19 care for patients assistance and new research needs to be addressed. abstract: Since the first case of “pneumonia of unknown aetiology” was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐ 19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a label of “pandemic.” The ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is having a huge impact on dermatological practice including the marked reduction of face‐to‐face consultations in favour of teledermatology, the uncertainties concerning the outcome of COVID‐19 infection in patients with common inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis receiving immunosuppressive/immunomodulating systemic therapies; the direct involvement of dermatologists in COVID‐19 care for patients assistance and new research needs to be addressed. It is not known yet, if skin lesions and derangement of the skin barrier could make it easier for SARS‐CoV‐2 to transmit via indirect contact; it remains to be defined if specific mucosal or skin lesions are associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, although some unpublished observations indicate the occurrence of a transient varicelliform exanthema during the early phase of the infection. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a new pathogen for humans that is highly contagious, can spread quickly, and is capable of causing enormous health, economic and societal impacts in any setting. The consequences may continue long after the pandemic resolves, and new management modalities for dermatology may originate from the COVID‐19 disaster. Learning from experience may help to cope with future major societal changes. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16515 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16515 id: cord-329219-7mfi16rd author: Gisondi, P. title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience date: 2020-05-28 words: 1054.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329219-7mfi16rd.txt summary: authors: Gisondi, P.; Facheris, P.; Dapavo, P.; Piaserico, S.; Conti, A.; Naldi, L.; Cazzaniga, S.; Malagoli, P.; Costanzo, A. [4] [5] [6] We performed a retrospective multicentre observational study, which included patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n = 5206) who were being treated with biological therapy, with the objective of reporting the number of patients hospitalized or who died from COVID-19 infection between 20 February 2020 and 1 April 2020. The inclusion criteria for the study were patients with psoriasis who were being regularly followed at the Divisions of Dermatology at the hospitals of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Turin or Milan (Humanitas and San Donato hospitals) and were being treated with a biologic, including tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-12/23 or IL-23 inhibitors. Although patients with psoriasis are generally burdened by metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities and, most importantly, treated with immunosuppressive/immunomodulating agents, there was not a significant number of hospitalizations or deaths from COVID-19. abstract: The "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and satisfying the epidemiological criteria for a pandemic [1]. As of April 1, 2020, more than one million COVID-19 positive cases have been identified and more than 54,000 deaths have occurred worldwide [2]. In Italy, 110,574 positive cases, 49,285 hospitalized patients and 13,155 deaths out of a population of 60,359,546 inhabitants, have been reported, respectively [3]. The highest number of deaths occurred in the northern Italian regions, i.e. Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto and Piedmont [3]. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19158 doi: 10.1111/bjd.19158 id: cord-355131-ushv3n0z author: Giuffrè, Mauro title: COVID-19-Induced Thrombosis in Patients without Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Elevated Fecal Calprotectin: Hypothesis Regarding Mechanism of Intestinal Damage Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 1451.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355131-ushv3n0z.txt summary: Background: Patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and gastrointestinal symptoms showed increased values of fecal calprotectin (FC). At the time of writing this letter, the principal cause of mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage and massive capillary congestion often accompanied by microthrombi or, in lower percentages, by generalized thrombotic microangiopathy, as reported by post-mortem examinations [1] . Additionally, an autoptic study on the small intestine of two COVID-19 patients showed endotheliitis of the submucosa vessels and evidence of direct viral infection of endothelial cells [6] . Regarding the clinical presentation, gastrointestinal symptoms are present in up to 28% of patients with COVID-19 [7] [8] [9] , and fecal SARS-CoV-2-RNA was detected in approximately 50% of positive individuals [8] [9] [10] . [5] proposed the role of fecal calprotectin (FC) as a marker of intestinal inflammation in COVID-19 patients who developed gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. abstract: Background: Patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and gastrointestinal symptoms showed increased values of fecal calprotectin (FC). Additionally, bowel abnormalities were a common finding during abdominal imaging of individuals with COVID-19 despite being asymptomatic. The current pilot study aims at evaluating FC concentrations in patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: we enrolled 25 consecutive inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia, who were admitted without gastrointestinal symptoms and a previous history of inflammatory bowel disease. Results: At admission, 21 patients showed increased FC with median values of 116 (87.5; 243.5) mg/kg despite absent gastrointestinal symptoms. We found a strong positive correlation between FC and D-Dimer (r = 0.745, p < 0.0001). Two patients developed bowel perforation. Conclusion: our findings may change the current understanding of COVID-19 intestinal-related disease pathogenesis, shedding new light on the potential role of thrombosis and the consequent hypoxic intestinal damage. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030147 doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030147 id: cord-287220-mpnuhqwg author: Giuliani, C. title: Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: suggestions on behalf of Woman Study Group of AMD date: 2020-05-30 words: 2758.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287220-mpnuhqwg.txt summary: Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes It should be considered that following suggestions may change in the future when more evidence is acquired regarding SARS-Cov2 infection. Chen Y et al 5 reported four cases of live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection in Wuhan: newborns had no clinical signs of disease and were tested negative for the virus at delivery. 14 Moreover, some experts speculate that, similar to the 2002-2003 SARS-Co-V epidemic 15 , specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies pass via the breast milk from the COVID-19 mother to the infant within a few days after the onset of the disease, possibly moderating the clinical expression of infant''s infection 16 . abstract: Abstract SARS-Cov2 infection has recently spread to Italy with important consequences on pregnancy management, mother and child health and mother-child contact. Breastfeeding improves the health of mother and child and reduces risk of neonatal infection with other pathogens that are likely to cause serious illness. To date no evidence confirmed COVID-19 vertical transmission from infected pregnant mother to their fetus. However it is well known that an infected mother can transmit the COVID-19 virus through respiratory droplets during breastfeeding or intimate contact. Thus, the mothers with known or suspected COVID-19 should adhere to standard and contact precautions during breastfeeding. Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes It should be considered that following suggestions may change in the future when more evidence is acquired regarding SARS-Cov2 infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720304897 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108239 id: cord-312205-j8szwaqj author: Giuntoli, Michele title: Lessons learnt from COVID 19: An Italian multicentric epidemiological study of orthopaedic and trauma services date: 2020-05-28 words: 3532.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312205-j8szwaqj.txt summary: METHODS: We reported and compared traumatological and elective orthopaedic surgeries performed in three of the main hospital centres in Tuscany during COVID (March 2020) and pre-COVID (March 2019) era. The most important changes in our health system have been the delaying of elective surgeries and non-urgent ambulatory visits, the internal re-organization of hospital wards to better distribute the health workers and to create separate COVID areas and the implementations of ICUs. In this scenario, orthopaedic and traumatological activities have changed in our departments and a new resource targeted allocation has been necessary to better face the emergency and to give the best cares to the patients, as well reported in other studies [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Concerning orthopaedic-first aid visits data, we report the number of total visits, age and sex of patients, the kind (i.e domestic, sport, traffic, work, enclosed spaces, school and beach injuries) and the type (i.e. fractures, polytraumas, articular dislocations, sprains/contusions, others) of trauma. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has put a strain on the most of health systems all over the world. Many hospitals had to re-organize to deal with the emergency, so that the non-core activities have been suspended or cancelled, raising management problems. The aim of this multicentre study is to report the epidemiological orthopaedic and traumatological data between COVID and pre-COVID era and to analyse patients’ needs and their management. METHODS: We reported and compared traumatological and elective orthopaedic surgeries performed in three of the main hospital centres in Tuscany during COVID (March 2020) and pre-COVID (March 2019) era. We also reported the epidemiological data about the number of orthopaedic first aid visits at the main hub, analysing the main differences. For each centre, we reported the number, diagnosis, co-morbidities, treatment, hospital course, complications and outcomes of confirmed COVID 19 patients. We also indicated what kind of PPE were used by medical staff and patients at any visit. RESULTS: The scheduled surgery drastically decreased in all the centres and the most of procedures were carried out for tumours, infections and implant mobilizations during the COVID time, delaying all the other ones. Trauma activities slightly decreased between the two time points: proximal femur fractures continued to engage our hospitals at the same pre-COVID volumes, while minor traumas drastically decreased. We report a decrease of 70.95% in orthopaedic first aid, with first-aid-visits/hospitalization ratio of 14.3 in the pre-COVID time vs 6.3 in the COVID time. A total of 5 confirmed COVID patients were treated for fractures and 4 of them healed without complications. We report just one case of death among COVID patients. All the medical staff members have worn the PPE and no one have developed COVID symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 raised many important issues, such as the optimal management of patients requiring the treatment of conventional diseases during a pandemic. The flow of patients changes from one area to another during a pandemic and an integrated approach within the same geographical area could be useful to better allocate resources and manage the patients’ needs. The preventive measures put in place in our country seem to work, but this first experience with COVID-19 crisis highlighted the chronic problems of our health system and we believe that we have to “learn the lesson” to be better prepared in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.021 doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.021 id: cord-259814-3x234ck2 author: Giussani, Carlo title: The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19 date: 2020-04-21 words: 733.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259814-3x234ck2.txt summary: key: cord-259814-3x234ck2 However, as neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and neurointensivists working in a regional tertiary referral hospital for TBI and ischemic/ hemorrhagic strokes (in this period redefined as a hub center for stroke and COVID-19 and as spoke center for neurosurgery), we would like to highlight the weakness of the presented scenario on the long run. Moreover, hubs should have teaching facilities as university-affiliated hospitals and/or could participate in international trials on trauma and cerebrovascular disease, both pharmacological and government/EU-funded research [1] [2] [3] . As stated by the colleagues, the reorganization of the system forced by a pandemic is sustainable in the short, emergent period because "the public ''lockdown'' has tangibly diminished the number of traumatic cases" and we concurrently observed a reduction of all the neurosurgical/neurological emergency admissions. In the post-COVID-19 period, a reduction of the hubs for neurosurgical emergency, probably hypertrophic before the pandemic, is desirable but the correct identification of them, not only based on geographical criteria or political considerations, should be integrated by an evaluation that considers: 1. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04327-4 doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04327-4 id: cord-282043-cs1oyohu author: Giustino, Gennaro title: Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia: JACC Focus Seminar date: 2020-10-27 words: 1923.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282043-cs1oyohu.txt summary: Both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. Although originally believed to be a syndrome characterized by acute lung injury, respiratory failure, and death, it is now apparent that severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is further characterized by exuberant cytokinemia, with resultant endothelial inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, and multiorgan failure (2) . Myocardial injury can be detected in w25% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Acute myocardial injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: a review Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 abstract: The cardiovascular system is affected broadly by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. What determines the extent of cardiovascular injury is the amount of viral inoculum, the magnitude of the host immune response, and the presence of co-morbidities. Myocardial injury occurs in approximately one-quarter of hospitalized patients and is associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilator support and higher hospital mortality. The central pathophysiology underlying cardiovascular injury is the interplay between virus binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and the impact this action has on the renin-angiotensin system, the body’s innate immune response, and the vascular response to cytokine production. The purpose of this review was to describe the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular injury, including that of thromboembolic disease and arrhythmia, and to discuss their clinical sequelae. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109720364949 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.059 id: cord-266549-g8060w8v author: Gkentzi, Despoina title: Challenges for the Pediatricians During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Start From the Neonatal Period date: 2020-06-05 words: 1415.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266549-g8060w8v.txt summary: This report underscores the lack of major differences in the clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other types of CoV or influenza infections among infants despite limited clinical features reported. S. pneumoniae was codetected in the CoV-infected infants who died in Pneumo-study while bacterial co-detection was not reported by Wei et al. The incidence of COVID-19 in infants less than 1-year-old is currently low, but studies are needed to describe the clinical features, prognosis and impact of infected infants on the COVID-19 spread. Two recent reports from China suggest that in utero infection could be possible based on the measurement of IgM levels in neonates shortly after birth but no further confirmation of this with a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test. 4 To show the causality between the BCG vaccine and the severity of COVID-19, we have to confirm the following Bradford Hill criteria: specificity, temporality, reversibility, and experiment. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002713 doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002713 id: cord-340984-blkhfhe2 author: Gklinos, Panagiotis title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review of what we know so far date: 2020-05-26 words: 2665.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340984-blkhfhe2.txt summary: Prompt diagnosis and immediate management of the neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus will not only improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but will also prevent the dissemination of the disease due to misdiagnosed cases. COVID-19 is confirmed to be caused by a novel coronavirus (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) and presents with symptoms similar to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003. However, neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus are not precepted by all clinicians, thus, leading to inappropriate management of COVID-19 patients presenting with non-specific neurological symptoms initially. This article aims to review the cases, which reported neurological symptoms at presentation or during the course of the disease and discuss the potential mechanisms of Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement in COVID-19. The other study is a retrospective case series in Wuhan, China, which reported the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 patients [13] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic disease globally. While it mostly presents with respiratory symptoms, it has already been found that it could manifest with a series of neurological symptoms as well, either at presentation or during the course of the disease. Symptoms vary from non-specific such as headache or dizziness to more specific such as convulsions and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to give an overview of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and discuss the potential pathogenetic mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Clinicians and especially internists, neurologists, and infectious disease specialists should be aware of these symptoms and able to recognize them early. Prompt diagnosis and immediate management of the neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus will not only improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but will also prevent the dissemination of the disease due to misdiagnosed cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32458197/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09939-5 id: cord-345356-gn1iwis0 author: Glebov, Oleg O. title: Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis for COVID‐19 drug repurposing date: 2020-06-02 words: 3502.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345356-gn1iwis0.txt summary: Given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry in the human lung epithelium. Taken together, the above evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may employ distinct endocytic pathways for cell entry in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Fig. 1) . This approach would allow tracking of the virus in relation to other endocytic pathways and also to investigate the effect of viral infection on the general membrane trafficking network of the host cell. Taken together, the combination of adequate cell models with the newly developed SARS-CoV-2 toolkit and established tools of membrane trafficking research is well-poised to deliver a key insight into the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, considering that various viruses may use the same endocytic pathways of the host cell [15] , targeting viral entry at the point of endocytosis holds a more general promise for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs [51] . abstract: The quest for the effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐coronavirus 2(CoV‐2) coronavirus is hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the basic cell biology of the infection. Given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry in the human lung epithelium. Taking advantage of the well‐established methodology of membrane trafficking studies, this research direction allows for the rapid characterisation of the key cell biological mechanism(s) responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Furthermore, 11 clinically approved generic drugs are identified as potential candidates for repurposing as blockers of several potential routes for SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis. More broadly, the paradigm of targeting a fundamental aspect of human cell biology to protect against infection may be advantageous in the context of future pandemic outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428379/ doi: 10.1111/febs.15369 id: cord-340573-6uz6uw7i author: Gleeson, Sarah title: Lesson for the clinical nephrologist: Kidney transplant, COVID-19 and pregnancy date: 2020-11-12 words: 1501.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340573-6uz6uw7i.txt summary: • This patient''s pregnancy was complicated both by her kidney transplant and maintenance immunosuppression and then by COVID-19 infection requiring admission and supplemental oxygen. • Recent emerging infections have had important effects on pregnancy [1] ; both the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak and the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women compared to the general population, and more recently Zika virus was associated with congenital abnormalities. Studies of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 report high rates (62-86%) of immunosuppression reduction (both CNIs and antiproliferative agents) especially in hospitalised or severely ill patients [5, 6] . However, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists'' guidelines on managing pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that although women with kidney transplants should ideally shield, they will need regular face-to-face visits to monitor graft function, drug levels and maternal/fetal complications [8] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00897-9 doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00897-9 id: cord-296582-55rz7epf author: Glick, Sara N. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Syringe Services Programs in the United States date: 2020-04-24 words: 1685.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296582-55rz7epf.txt summary: We conducted a rapid mixed methods assessment of SSP response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (U.S.) to quantify and characterize changes in services provided by SSPs and the potential impact on PWID. Five key themes emerged from this interim analysis of data from qualitative interviews of SSP staff in five COVID-19 hotspots (Detroit, Philadelphia, New Orleans, New York City, and Seattle). To reinforce social distancing practices and minimize the number of participant visits, programs have increased distribution of syringes, works, and naloxone. However, when data were available, programs reported that the number of syringes distributed had remained level or had increased due to distributing more supplies to each participant, including through secondary exchange (i.e., providing supplies to peers to distribute to others). Availability of HIV and HCV on-site testing and treatment at syringe service programs in the United States abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333209/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02886-2 id: cord-352640-fycwhyfv author: Goel, Ashish title: Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data date: 2020-08-29 words: 2756.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352640-fycwhyfv.txt summary: Our study is a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. We present a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. A retrospective analysis of data from subjects who presented to our hospital with mild flu-like illness between the months of March and May 2020 was conducted to understand the disease profile. Data were available for 3,026 subjects who presented to our hospital with either mild flu-like symptoms or with suspected exposure to a confirmed case of COVID-19 during the early phases of the pandemic. In this retrospective analysis, we report that among subjects presenting to the hospital with a mild flu-like illness, those who tested positive for COVID-19 were significantly older and more likely to be men. abstract: Background and Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global public health emergency of profound magnitude, has brought life to an unprecedented near-standstill. The clinical profile of the disease is still emerging and is marked by considerable geographical variability in terms of transmissibility, clinical profile, virulence, and mortality of the disease. As clinical data is being reported from around the globe, it becomes important to focus on local subjects in a global milieu, lest one misses the trees for the forest. Our study is a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. It compares the differences in age and sex of those who tested positive with those negative. In addition, it reviews the length of time it might take for a case testing positive on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test to become negative. Methodology A retrospective analysis of data from adults who presented to our hospital with a mild flu-like illness between the months of March and May 2020 was conducted to understand the disease profile. The nasal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected from each patient and were transported to state-approved laboratories chain for RT-PCR analysis. Information was collected from reports received, clinical information forms, and sample collection forms that were being maintained as a part of the clinical management protocol. Data were analysed using Stata software, version 13 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Observations and Results Three thousand twenty-six subjects presented to our hospital with either mild flu-like symptoms or with suspected exposure to a confirmed case of COVID-19. The subjects had a mean age of 37.3 (± 15.1) years and 1,805 (60.3%) were males. A regression analysis revealed an adjusted odds of 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 2.1) for testing positive for males as compared to females. For every one year increase in age, the odds for testing positive increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Of the 2,592 individuals for whom data was available, 201 (7.6%) were found positive on RT-PCR analysis. Those testing positive were significantly older (41.0 years vs 36.8 years; p = 0.001) and more likely to be male (number: 138; 9.0% vs 6.7%; p = 0.05). Cough, followed by fever, was a common presenting feature. A survival time analysis using data from 54 participants documented 455 days of the total observation period. A median time of eight days was required for the test to convert from positive to negative if the patient remained mildly symptomatic and did not develop a severe complicated illness. The time to conversion did not differ with age or sex. Conclusions Our analysis shows that patients with COVID-19 have presented with milder symptoms and have recovered well. The low test positivity rate is indicative of the early phase of the pandemic in the country and is a reflection of active infection control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10125 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10125 id: cord-308857-otsrexqu author: Goel, Saurav title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 10608.0 sentences: 526.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt summary: This newly identified disease is caused by a new strain of the virus being referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). We review the current medical and manufacturing response to COVID-19, including advances in instrumentation, sensing, use of lasers, fumigation chambers and development of novel tools such as lab-on-the-chip using combinatorial additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques and use of molecular modelling and molecular docking in drug and vaccine discovery. However, the coronavirus isolated from pangolins is 99% similar in a specific region of the Spike protein, which corresponds to the 74 amino acids involved in the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor binding domain, which allows the virus to enter human cells to infect them as shown in Figure 2 (b). (figures reprinted with permission) Our nasal lining tissue contains a rich number of cell receptors called angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which are favourable sites for the SARS CoV-2 to attach its spiked protein to, thus paving way for the entrance of the virus inside the body. abstract: The world is witnessing tumultuous times as major economic powers including the US, UK, Russia, India, and most of Europe continue to be in a state of lockdown. The worst-hit sectors due to this lockdown are sales, production (manufacturing), transport (aerospace and automotive) and tourism. Lockdowns became necessary as a preventive measure to avoid the spread of the contagious and infectious “Coronavirus Disease 2019” (COVID-19). This newly identified disease is caused by a new strain of the virus being referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). We review the current medical and manufacturing response to COVID-19, including advances in instrumentation, sensing, use of lasers, fumigation chambers and development of novel tools such as lab-on-the-chip using combinatorial additive and subtractive manufacturing techniques and use of molecular modelling and molecular docking in drug and vaccine discovery. We also offer perspectives on future considerations on climate change, outsourced versus indigenous manufacturing, automation, and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this paper attempts to identify key areas where manufacturing can be employed to address societal challenges such as COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468519420300604?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100300 id: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author: Goel, Sunny title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 words: 1982.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and inhospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We included studies that had more than ten adult patients ([ 18 years), and reported clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, along with all-cause mortality as one of the outcomes. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States Clinical Characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study abstract: INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. The purpose of our study was to identify differences in the clinical characteristics and the in-hospital mortality of patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 internationally. METHODS: A comprehensive search of all published literature on adult patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 that reported on the clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality was performed. Groups were compared using a Chi-square test with Yates correction of continuity. A two-tailed p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: After screening 516 studies across the globe, 43 studies from 12 countries were included in our final analysis. Patients with COVID-19 in America and Europe were older compared to their Asian counterparts. Europe had the highest percentage of male patients. American and European patients had a higher incidence of co-morbid conditions (p < 0.05 for all variables). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in America (22.23%) and Europe (22.9%) compared to Asia (12.65%) (p < 0.0001), but no difference was seen when compared with each other (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant variation in the clinical characteristics in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 across the globe. In-hospital mortality is similar between America and Europe, but considerably higher than Asia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683639/ doi: 10.1007/s40119-020-00189-0 id: cord-311341-7ox30d2u author: Goenka, Anuj title: Implementation of Telehealth in Radiation Oncology: Rapid Integration During COVID-19 and its Future Role in our Practice date: 2020-10-09 words: 4359.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311341-7ox30d2u.txt summary: Billable encounters from January to April 2020 were reviewed and categorized into one of the following visit types: in-person, telephonic, or two-way audio-video. CONCLUSIONS: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to move the majority of patient visits to telehealth but observed inconsistent utilization of the audio-video telehealth platform. We identified that for consultations, in-person visits were associated with higher billing codes compared to two-way audio-video encounters (p<0.01). This rapid implementation allowed us to continue providing patients'' access to radiation oncology physicians while reducing patient exposures from travel and in-office visits. Nevertheless, we continue to recommend two-way audio-video encounters as the standard of telehealth care to the extent possible, as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f we believe the video aspect of the visit is a very valuable component of being able to offer appropriate clinical advice and establish a patient-physician relationship. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The widespread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant changes in care delivery among radiation oncology practices and demanded the rapid incorporation of telehealth. However, the impact of a large-scale transition to telehealth in radiation oncology on patient access to care and the viability of care delivery are largely unknown. In this manuscript, we review our implementation and report data on patient access to care and billing implications. As telehealth is likely to continue after COVID-19, we propose a radiation oncology-specific algorithm for telehealth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In March 2020, our department began to use telehealth for all new consults, post-treatment encounters, and follow-up appointments. Billable encounters from January to April 2020 were reviewed and categorized into one of the following visit types: in-person, telephonic, or two-way audio-video. Logistic regression models tested whether visit type differed by patient age, income, or provider. RESULTS: There was a 35% decrease in billable activity from January to April. In-person visits decreased from 100% to 21%. Sixty percent of telehealth appointments in April were performed with two-way audio-video, and 40% by telephonic only. In-person consultation visits were associated with higher billing codes compared to two-way audio-video telehealth visits (p<0.01). No difference was seen for follow-up visits. Univariate and multivariable analysis identified that older patient age was associated with reduced likelihood of two-way audio-video encounters (p<0.01). The physician conducting the telehealth appointment was also associated with the type of visit performed (p<0.01). Patient income was not associated with the type of telehealth visit. CONCLUSIONS: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, we were able to move the majority of patient visits to telehealth but observed inconsistent utilization of the audio-video telehealth platform. We present guidelines and quality metrics for incorporating telehealth in radiation oncology practice, based on type of encounter and disease subsite. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073060/ doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.09.015 id: cord-307688-r1pgmn6i author: Goenka, Mahesh K. title: Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-18 words: 3064.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307688-r1pgmn6i.txt summary: Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. ABSTR AC T Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. This survey was conducted to specifically study the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India and also to assess the attitude of the endoscopists towards this pandemic. cross-sectional survey conducted by us studied the impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice and also knowledge regarding COVID-19 among endoscopists in India. The major reasons for performing fewer endoscopy procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in India were decreased patient volume in the hospital due to lock-down as reported by 60.9 % and 86.9 % of endoscopists themselves limiting the number of procedures due to the latest guidelines recommending avoidance of routine endoscopies. abstract: Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Indian endoscopists to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on gastroinestinal endoscopy practice in the country. Methods From April 24 to 28, 2020, an electronic survey (using Google Form) was conducted with 23 questions (single or multiple answers) on: (1) endoscopy practice before the pandemic; (2) knowledge about COVID-19; and (3) its impact on endoscopy practice. Results Responses were received from 375 of 1205 (31.1 %) endoscopists. Most (35.7 %) were young (31–40 years), practicing in corporate multi-speciality hospitals (44.6 %) or independent practice set-up (17.7 %) in metropolitan cities (55.6 %) and urban areas (42.3 %). In most units (75.4 %), fewer than 10 % of procedures performed are endoscopies, as compared to before the pandemic. A reduction in volume of endoscopy related to restriction of the routine procedures by the latest guideline was reported by 86.9 % of respondents. Most are using N95 masks (74.7 %) and/or complete personal protective equipment (PPE, 49.2 %) during endoscopic procedures . Only 18.3 % of respondents had access to negative pressure rooms either within (5.4 %) or outside (12.9 %) the usual endoscopy suite. Conclusion Endoscopy units in India are performing fewer than 10 % of their usual volumes due to current restrictions. Resources to follow current international guidelines, including use of negative pressure rooms and PPE, are limited. Alternate measures are needed to keep up the services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617401/ doi: 10.1055/a-1181-8391 id: cord-281870-ax5s2i6t author: Goerlich, Erin title: Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1832.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281870-ax5s2i6t.txt summary: title: Prominent Longitudinal Strain Reduction of Basal Left Ventricular Segments in Patients with COVID-19 We observed a recurring pattern of reduced basal left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS) on speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and subsequently aimed to identify characteristics of affected patients. We hypothesized that COVID-19 patients with reduced basal LV strain would demonstrate elevated cardiac biomarkers. Complementing our findings, a recently published study describing reduced basal segmental LV strain in over half of evaluated COVID-19 patients has suggested that this is may be an early marker of myocardial involvement. 8 Case reports and series of patients with various forms of myocarditis, including influenza myocarditis, have described a similar pattern of reduced basal strain on STE. In summary, we report a pattern of reduced LV basal strain seen in over half of studied COVID-19 patients and occurring more frequently in patients with high-risk cardiovascular comorbidities and Black race. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been associated with overt and subclinical myocardial dysfunction. We observed a recurring pattern of reduced basal left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain (LS) on speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and subsequently aimed to identify characteristics of affected patients. We hypothesized that COVID-19 patients with reduced basal LV strain would demonstrate elevated cardiac biomarkers. METHODS: 81 consecutive COVID-19 patients underwent STE. Those with poor quality STE (n=2) or known LV ejection fraction<50% (n=4) were excluded. Patients with absolute value basal LS<13.9% (2SD below normal) were designated as cases (n=39); those with basal LS≥13.9% as controls (n=36). Demographics and clinical variables were compared. RESULTS: Of 75 included patients (mean age 62±14 years, 41% women), 52% had reduced basal strain. Cases had higher BMI (median[IQR]) (34.1[26.5-37.9]kg/m(2) vs. 26.9[24.8-30.0]kg/m(2), p=0.009), and greater proportions of Black (74% vs. 36%, p=0.0009), hypertensive (79% vs. 56%, p=0.026) and diabetic patients (44% vs. 19%, p=0.025) compared to controls. Troponin and NT-proBNP levels trended higher in cases but were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Reduced basal LV strain is common in COVID-19 patients. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and Black race were more likely to have reduced basal strain. Further investigation into the significance of this strain pattern is warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.469 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.09.469 id: cord-332592-bfqsyiyf author: Goette, Andreas title: COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation date: 2020-09-26 words: 3539.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332592-bfqsyiyf.txt summary: title: COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with Pulmonary Vein Thromboses, Atrial Cardiomyopathy, and Arterial Intima Inflammation Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we can present a case of cytokine release syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 causing multiorgan failure and death. In summary, the present case shows that severe COVID-19 induces CRS associated with ARDS, acute kidney failure, liver pathologies, vascular intimal inflammation, pulmonary arterial, and venous thromboses and an inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy. In the present case, we can show that COVID-19 can induce the occurrences of ARDS, which was associated with pulmonary embolism, as well as thrombogenesis, in pulmonary veins and the right atrial appendage. In addition to COVID-19-induced ARDS, CRS might be associated with pulmonary artery, as well as vein thromboses, atrial fibrillation, sinus node dysfunction, right atrial clot formation, and inflammatory invasion of autonomic atrial nerve ganglia. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). First reports have shown that elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the development of organ dysfunction in COVID-19. Here, we can present a case of cytokine release syndrome induced by SARS–CoV-2 causing multiorgan failure and death. Of note, we can report on pulmonary vein thromboses as potential source of cerebrovascular embolic events. Furthermore, we present a specific form of an isolated inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy encompassing atrial myocardium, perivascular matrix, as well as atrial autonomic nerve ganglia, causing atrial fibrillation, sinus node arrest, as well as atrial clot formation in the right atrial appendage. An associated acute glomerulonephritis caused acute kidney failure. Furthermore, all the described pathologies of organs and vessels were associated with increased local expression of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). This report provides new evidence about fatal pathologies and summarizes the current knowledge about organ manifestations observed in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716717 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1716717 id: cord-322723-qmnorud2 author: Goetz, Christian title: Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 561.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322723-qmnorud2.txt summary: title: Lung Scintigraphy Imaging Features in a Young Patient With COVID-19 Ambulatory reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Because of elevated d-dimer (1.5 mg/L), a lung scintigraphy (V/Q scan) was performed as SPECT/CT. C, The concomitantly acquired low-dose CT reveals ground-glass opacities in the bilateral upper lobes accompanying the respiratory syndrome, which is in line with lung affection in COVID-19. E, Recommended imaging setup in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-infected patients. Preferably, imaging studies in COVID-19 should be performed as last examinations during working days. Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia 18 F-FDG PET/CT and serial chest CT findings in a COVID-19 patient with dynamic clinical characteristics in different period Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 abstract: A 31-year-old man developed diarrhea, fatigue, and intermittent fever for 2 weeks. The past few days he had experienced increasing dyspnea and dry cough. Ambulatory reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction testing was positive for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Because of elevated d-dimer (1.5 mg/L), a lung scintigraphy (V/Q scan) was performed as SPECT/CT. Ventilation SPECT showed reduced ventilation with central nuclide deposition, whereas perfusion SPECT was inconspicuous, excluding pulmonary embolism. However, the low-dose CT revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities as previously described in COVID-19. This case highlights the procedure and findings of V/Q scanning (without embolism) in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0000000000003196 doi: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003196 id: cord-030529-2wkes9nk author: Goggin, Gerard title: COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date: 2020-08-14 words: 7370.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt summary: In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore''s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. The data sets generated by smartphones, computers, apps and people''s use of them, such as that data collected by Apple and Google, were used by public health officials, researchers and journalists to map population or district-level activity and movement, leading to the very interesting charts, graphs and visualisations in news and current affairs reports and features seeking to map and analyse the spread of COVID and its impact on social and economic activity. With much at stake in terms of public health concerns at a critical juncture of the COVID pandemic, the Australian government emphasised that it was keen to adopt a ''consent-based'' model, hence its interest in adapting the Singapore TraceTogether app. abstract: Widely and intensively used digital technologies have been an important feature of international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. One especially interesting class of such technologies are dedicated contact and tracing apps collecting proximity data via the Bluetooth technology. In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore’s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. What is especially interesting about these cases is the privacy concerns the apps raised, and how these are dealt with in each country, also the ways in which each nation reimagines its immediate social future and health approach via such an app. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7429912/ doi: 10.1177/1329878x20949770 id: cord-029568-0xyz5z5b author: Gogia, Spriha title: Covid-19 X-Curves: Illness Hidden, Illness Deferred date: 2020-05-29 words: 1022.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029568-0xyz5z5b.txt summary: Patterns of ICU utilization in New York City''s public hospital system suggest some patients who would have presented with another condition, like a heart attack, are presenting with a coronavirus diagnosis (illness hidden), while other patients may be suffering, and possibly dying, at home (illness deferred) based on contagion-related fears. We examined daily patient census in adult and surge-specific ICUs (ad hoc spaces created to expand critical care capability as traditional ICUs reached maximum capacity) across our facilities and departments by Covid-19 status from February 15 to April 15, 2020. Hospitalizations due to Covid-19 are now declining in New York City, but admissions and ICU utilization for other conditions has not yet returned to baseline levels. abstract: Patterns of ICU utilization in New York City’s public hospital system suggest some patients who would have presented with another condition, like a heart attack, are presenting with a coronavirus diagnosis (illness hidden), while other patients may be suffering, and possibly dying, at home (illness deferred) based on contagion-related fears. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371269/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0231 id: cord-346160-n9i0blv1 author: Gogoi, Mayuri title: Putting the voices and insights of migrants and diverse ethnic groups at the centre of our response to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-10 words: 1348.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346160-n9i0blv1.txt summary: This will require addressing multiple barriers to involvement, and a commitment to community-centred research to address the acute needs of the populations hardest hit by the pandemic. There is an urgent need to strengthen patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and participatory research, as well as collaboration with healthcare workers from diverse migrant and ethnic backgrounds. There is an urgent need to strengthen patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and participatory research, as well as collaboration with healthcare workers from diverse migrant and ethnic backgrounds. 5 Despite calls to ensure ethnicity is integral to COVID-19 research, 6 opportunities have been missed to engage with these communities, and even more notably, recent migrants. The absence of the insights and voices of migrants and diverse ethnic groups was highlighted by the omission of stakeholder contributions in Public Health England''s (PHE) report on COVID-19 disparities, 7 which was criticised for failing to advance understandings of risk factors and discrimination, or provide actionable recommendations. abstract: There is increasing evidence of inequities in COVID-19 infection, disease severity, and mortality across diverse ethnic groups. Despite calls to ensure ethnicity is integral to COVID-19 research, opportunities have been missed to engage with individuals from ethnic minority groups, and even more notably, recent migrants. There is an urgent need to strengthen patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) and participatory research, as well as collaboration with healthcare workers from diverse migrant and ethnic backgrounds. This will require addressing multiple barriers to involvement, and a commitment to community-centred research to address the acute needs of the populations hardest hit by the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350620304388 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.019 id: cord-348056-kx9wvw8c author: Goh, H. P. title: Risk factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rate: A quantitative analysis of top 50 affected countries date: 2020-05-25 words: 2455.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348056-kx9wvw8c.txt summary: The following seven variables were included in the analysis, based on data availability and completeness: 1) proportion of people aged 65 above, 2) proportion of male in the population, 3) diabetes prevalence, 4) smoking prevalence, 5) current health expenditure, 6) number of hospital beds and 7) number of nurses and midwives. Conclusion: Older people above 65 years old and diabetic patients are significant risk factors for COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 The following seven variables were included in the analysis, based on data availability and 156 completeness: 1) proportion of people aged 65 above, 2) proportion of male in the population, 3) 157 diabetes prevalence, 4) smoking prevalence, 5) current health expenditure, 6) number of hospital 158 beds and 7) number of nurses and midwives. Studies have shown that age is a clear risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease and thus, resulting 222 in death. abstract: Background: Latest clinical data on treatment on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) indicated that older patients and those with underlying history of smoking, hypertension or diabetes mellitus might have poorer prognosis of recovery from COVID-19. We aimed to examine the relationship of various prevailing population-based risk factors in comparison with mortality rate and case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19. Methods: Demography and epidemiology data which have been identified as verified or postulated risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 were used. The number of confirmed cases and the number of deaths until April 16, 2020 for all affected countries were extracted from Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 websites. Datasets for indicators that are fitting with the factors of COVID-19 mortality were extracted from the World Bank database. Out of about 185 affected countries, only top 50 countries were selected to be analyzed in this study. The following seven variables were included in the analysis, based on data availability and completeness: 1) proportion of people aged 65 above, 2) proportion of male in the population, 3) diabetes prevalence, 4) smoking prevalence, 5) current health expenditure, 6) number of hospital beds and 7) number of nurses and midwives. Quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between CFR and the aforementioned risk factors. Results: United States shows about 0.20% of confirmed cases in its country and it has about 4.85% of CFR. Luxembourg shows the highest percentage of confirmed cases of 0.55% but a low 2.05% of CFR, showing that a high percentage of confirmed cases does not necessarily lead to high CFR. There is a significant correlation between CFR, people aged 65 and above (p = 0.35) and diabetes prevalence (p = 0.01). However, in our study, there is no significant correlation between CFR of COVID-19, male gender (p = 0.26) and smoking prevalence (p = 0.60). Conclusion: Older people above 65 years old and diabetic patients are significant risk factors for COVID-19. Nevertheless, gender differences and smoking prevalence failed to prove a significant relationship with COVID-19 mortality rate and CFR. Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, risk, epidemiology, fatality, age, diabetes url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108449 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108449 id: cord-347535-tgou78o7 author: Goh, Kah Kheng title: Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons date: 2020-08-23 words: 1615.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347535-tgou78o7.txt summary: Accessibility to health service, testing capacity, the supply of personal protective equipment are budget-constrained and are not being prioritized for inmates Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons [5] . As a solution to mitigate the harms of COVID-19 outbreak in prison [7] , several countries including Iran, France, Italy, Child, USA, and Indonesia have taken action to reduce the prison population by releasing "low-risk" offenders. Measures have included the establishment of the joint planning and central command with Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. To minimize the risk of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwanese prisons, several steps have been taken, including the establishment of the joint planning and central command with CECC, the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110567/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020377 id: cord-348674-ifcfyecf author: Goh, Khean‐Lee title: COVID‐19 and the digestive system: More than just a “flu” date: 2020-06-05 words: 961.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348674-ifcfyecf.txt summary: In this June issue, JGH Open has published two Leading Articles on the COVID-19 infection: the first is the "Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party Guidelines on the IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic 1 and the second an excellent review article by Aguila et al. focusing on gastrointestinal and liver complications of COVID-19 infection and endoscopy practice." 2 Studies have shown that the virus enters cells of the body through ACE II receptors. In the meantime, IBD patients who are infected with COVID-19 are recommended, where possible, to stop corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents until clearance of the virus. Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party guidelines on IBD management during the COVID-19 pandemic Are patients with inflammatory bowel disease at increased risk for Covid-19 infection? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12364 doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12364 id: cord-317820-od9l7p1r author: Goker Bagca, Bakiye title: Overview of the COVID-19 and JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibition: Ruxolitinib Perspective date: 2020-06-20 words: 3961.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317820-od9l7p1r.txt summary: The virus, which is the cause of the COVID-19 was named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromerelated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Figure 1a) . As an expected result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was reported cytokine storm syndrome triggered by the dysregulated immunity in numerous patients. There are clinical studies including baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib JAK inhibitors against cytokine storm caused by COVID-19. It is reported that tocilizumab which is an approved IL6 receptor antagonist, treatment reduced cytokine release syndrome symptoms in severe patients COVID-19 [66] . It is reported that the usage of ruxolitinib suppresses cytokine levels and JAK/STAT pathway in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) -associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [71] . In this context, it is clear that ruxolitinib, which is used especially in older age patients, has an important potential in overcoming complications that are caused by over activation of the immune system which is triggered through JAK/STAT signaling pathway. abstract: Ruxolitinib is the first approved JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor. It inhibits the JAK / STAT pathway which is one of the main cellular signaling pathways especially regulates inflammatory response. COVID-19 is an urgent pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review firstly presents an overview of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, and then it focuses on the potential efficacy of ruxolitinib in this infection. The possible targets of ruxolitinib are determined by using genetic alterations that have been reported in COVID-19 patients. The potential effectiveness of ruxolitinib is suggested by evaluating the interactions of these potential targets which are directly affected by the ruxolitinib or JAK/STAT pathway. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.013 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.013 id: cord-273200-hoqpkdqo author: Gold, Azgad title: COVID-19 and involuntary hospitalisation: navigating the challenge date: 2020-06-18 words: 1050.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273200-hoqpkdqo.txt summary: Thus, the following question arises: under what conditions does non-compliance with COVID-19-related rules justify psychiatric involuntary hospitalisation, and when might this extraordinary legal option be exploited in the service of public health? Moreover, the absence of data pertaining to the contagion risk of an individual in a specific situation makes it even harder to determine whether the evidence of dangerousness is clear and convincing, as required by minimum legal criteria for psychiatric involuntary commitment. Nevertheless, even in a high-risk situation, such as a patient with a psychiatric disorder who is infected with SARS-CoV-2, a psychiatric involuntary commitment might not be the most appropriate solution, especially in circumstances in which the patient is referred to a non-COVID-19 specialised psychiatric ward. Thus, COVID-19-related exacerbation might justify an involuntary hospitalisation even in situations in which the patient is neither suffering from COVID-19 nor requires isolation. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30246-7 doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30246-7 id: cord-296676-2anl2agl author: Goldberg, Michael F. title: Neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19: what the emergency radiologist needs to know date: 2020-08-21 words: 4158.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296676-2anl2agl.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. These neurologic manifestations were more common in severely affected patients, tended to occur early in the disease course, and could be the initial, presenting clinical evidence of COVID-19 [4] . Lastly, the authors note that ECMO alone (in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection) is a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage, further limiting the generalizability of this small case series. Regardless, prior studies that evaluated neuroimaging findings of patients infected with other members of the Betacoronavirus genus have also demonstrated significant abnormalities, including intracranial hemorrhage and evidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), which could represent sequelae of inflammatory response and/or direct CNS infection [50, 51] . On behalf of the CoCo Neurosciences study group (2020) Retrospective observational study of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. Neurologic manifestations are relatively common, with severe cases often demonstrating striking findings on neuroimaging. Because the neuroradiologic findings may be the first evidence of COVID-19, the emergency radiologist has a critical role to play in not only the detection and management of the disease but also in the safety of other patients and hospital staff. Therefore, radiologists, especially those who specialize in emergency radiology, need to be aware of the neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822060/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01840-y id: cord-282753-uw3r6q45 author: Goldberg-Stein, Shlomit title: Abdominopelvic CT findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 words: 3757.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282753-uw3r6q45.txt summary: The goal of this study was to quantify the frequency of positive findings on abdominopelvic CT in COVID-positive patients, and to identify clinical factors associated with positive findings to assist with imaging triage. Younger age, male gender, and lower hemoglobin were associated with higher odds of having reportable positive abdominopelvic CT findings. A single recent preliminary report on abdominopelvic imaging findings in COVID-positive patients revealed a pattern of bowel wall thickening and fluid-filled colon in 31% of CTs, indicative/suggestive of diarrhea [10] . Our report further supports this concept noting that lung parenchymal findings may indeed be the only indication of COVID-19 infection on abdominopelvic CT in patients presenting with abdominal symptoms. In our study, the frequency of abdominal pain as the exam clinical indication was higher in patients with no reported positive abdominopelvic findings. Conversely, a prospective case-control US-based study demonstrated that male sex was independently associated with a positive COVID test in patients presenting with GI symptoms [23] . abstract: PURPOSE: Some patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) present with abdominal symptoms. Abdominal manifestations of COVID on imaging are not yet established. The goal of this study was to quantify the frequency of positive findings on abdominopelvic CT in COVID-positive patients, and to identify clinical factors associated with positive findings to assist with imaging triage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included adult COVID-positive patients with abdominopelvic CT performed within 14 days of their COVID PCR nasal swab assay from 3/1/2020 to 5/1/2020. Clinical CT reports were reviewed for the provided indication and any positive abdominopelvic findings. Demographic and laboratory data closest to the CT date were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression model with binary outcome of having no reported positive abdominopelvic findings was constructed. RESULTS: Of 141 COVID-positive patients having abdominopelvic CT (average age 64 years [± 16], 91 [64%] women), 80 (57%) had positive abdominopelvic findings. Abdominal pain was the most common indication, provided in 54% (43/80) and 74% (45/61) of patients with and without reported positive abdominopelvic findings, respectively (p = 0.015). 70% (98/141) of patients overall had reported findings in the lung bases. Findings either typical or intermediate for COVID were reported in 50% (40/80) and 64% (39/61) of patients with and without positive abdominopelvic findings, respectively (p = 0.099). Of 80 patients with positive abdominopelvic findings, 25 (31%) had an abnormality of gastrointestinal tract, and 14 (18%) had solid organ infarctions or vascular thromboses. In multivariate analysis, age (OR 0.85, p = 0.023), hemoglobin (OR 0.83, p = 0.029) and male gender (OR 2.58, p = 0.032) were independent predictors of positive abdominopelvic findings, adjusted for race and Charlson comorbidity index. CONCLUSION: Abdominopelvic CT performed on COVID-positive patients yielded a positive finding in 57% of patients. Younger age, male gender, and lower hemoglobin were associated with higher odds of having reportable positive abdominopelvic CT findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761402/ doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02669-2 id: cord-253746-15w4gquq author: Goldman, Michel title: Reflections on the Collaborative Fight Against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 words: 1633.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253746-15w4gquq.txt summary: As therapeutic interventions in the early phase of the disease are attracting more and more interest, we argue that now is the time to involve patients'' organizations in the design of clinical protocols in order to define the most relevant end-points and assess the risk-benefit balance of new therapies. In this editorial perspective, we argue that patients'' voice will be essential to ensure uptake in the wider public of new therapies and vaccines resulting from these initiatives. Therefore, it is essential that trials are designed to include sufficient numbers of patients within the period of time during which the pandemic is expected to be active. Furthermore, patient reported outcomes are essential to assess the impact of therapeutic interventions on the long-term consequences of COVID-19 (13) . It is therefore important that patient organizations are involved early on in the design of clinical trials. abstract: Clinical trials to identify efficient treatments against COVID-19 flourish worldwide without much attention to patients' voice so far. As therapeutic interventions in the early phase of the disease are attracting more and more interest, we argue that now is the time to involve patients' organizations in the design of clinical protocols in order to define the most relevant end-points and assess the risk-benefit balance of new therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00565 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00565 id: cord-339638-yrxoj1hl author: Goldman, Ran D. title: Willingness to Vaccinate Children against Influenza after the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-07 words: 3506.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339638-yrxoj1hl.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. In order to better understand how COVID-19 has influenced attitudes towards J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f influenza vaccination, we specifically aimed to describe characteristics of caregivers who intend to immunize their children in 2020-2021 despite the child not receiving influenza immunization in the prior year. Most caregivers were not concerned about their child having COVID-19 when coming to the EDs in the six countries where this survey took place, and we found a significant correlation between level of concern and plan to vaccinate against influenza (p-value= 0.037; Figure 2 [available at www.jpeds.com]). abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with parents who plan to vaccinate their children against influenza next year, especially those who did not vaccinate against influenza last year using a global survey. STUDY DESIGN: A survey of caregivers accompanying their children 1-19 years-old in 17 Pediatric Emergency Departments (ED) in six countries at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anonymous online survey included caregiver and child demographic information, vaccination history and future intentions, and concern about the child and caregiver having COVID-19 at the time of ED visit. RESULTS: Of 2422 surveys, 1314 (54.2%) caregivers stated they plan to vaccinate their child against influenza next year, an increase of 15.8% from the prior year. Of 1459 caregivers who did not vaccinate their children last year, 418 (28.6%) plan to do so next year. Factors predicting willingness to change and vaccinate included child’s up-to-date vaccination status (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 – 3.32 P = .003); caregivers’ influenza vaccine history (aOR=3.26, 95% CI 2.41 – 4.40 , p< 0.010), and level of concern their child had COVID-19 (aOR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.17, p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in risk perception due to COVID-19, and prior vaccination, may serve to influence decision-making among caregivers regarding influenza vaccination in the coming season. In order to promote influenza vaccination among children, public health programs can leverage this information. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.005 id: cord-355296-46jf56nc author: Goldstein, David P. title: Tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis management in laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 3056.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355296-46jf56nc.txt summary: Since coronavirus is transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosolization of virus from the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), aerosol generating procedures (AGPs), such as those frequently performed in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, can put health care workers at significant risk of transmission of the virus when performed in COVID-19 positive patients [4] [5] [6] . Laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) who use a voice prosthesis for vocal restoration require frequent specialized on-going care in addition to their oncology follow-up. In the context of the current pandemic, it is important to develop clear processes to support patients at risk for complications associated with TEP voice prosthesis use in order to guard their safety and reduce potential additional health system burden. Described below is the process for inter-professional care and management of laryngectomy patients with TEP complications at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: With the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been significant changes and challenges in the management of oncology patients. One of the major strategies to reduce transmission of the virus between patients and healthcare workers is deferral of follow-up visits. However, deferral may not be possible in total laryngectomy patients. Urgent procedures may be necessary to prevent complications related to ill-fitting tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) voice prostheses, such as aspiration or loss of voicing. In this paper, we describe the Princess Margaret Cancer Center’s approach to managing this unique patient population. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00456-z doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00456-z id: cord-192409-vhd7gjmf author: Goldstein, Elisha title: COVID-19 Classification of X-ray Images Using Deep Neural Networks date: 2020-10-03 words: 3395.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-192409-vhd7gjmf.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate a machine learning model for diagnosis of COVID-19, and to provide a tool for searching for similar patients according to their X-ray scans. In this retrospective study, a classifier was built using a pre-trained deep learning model (ReNet50) and enhanced by data augmentation and lung segmentation to detect COVID-19 in frontal CXR images collected between January 2018 and July 2020 in four hospitals in Israel. A large dataset of images from portable X-rays was sourced and used to train a network that can detect COVID-19 in the images with high reliability and to develop a tool for retrieving CXR images that are similar to each other. The code development and analysis was performed by six of the authors who are not radiologists This study includes CXR images from 1384 patients, 360 with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis and 1024 negative, totaling 2427 CXRs. Patients'' COVID-19 labels were determined by a combination of RT-PCR testing and clinical assessment by the physicians. abstract: In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is playing an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with COVID-19. Machine learning solutions have been shown to be useful for X-ray analysis and classification in a range of medical contexts. The purpose of this study is to create and evaluate a machine learning model for diagnosis of COVID-19, and to provide a tool for searching for similar patients according to their X-ray scans. In this retrospective study, a classifier was built using a pre-trained deep learning model (ReNet50) and enhanced by data augmentation and lung segmentation to detect COVID-19 in frontal CXR images collected between January 2018 and July 2020 in four hospitals in Israel. A nearest-neighbors algorithm was implemented based on the network results that identifies the images most similar to a given image. The model was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and of the precision-recall (P-R) curve. The dataset sourced for this study includes 2362 CXRs, balanced for positive and negative COVID-19, from 1384 patients (63 +/- 18 years, 552 men). Our model achieved 89.7% (314/350) accuracy and 87.1% (156/179) sensitivity in classification of COVID-19 on a test dataset comprising 15% (350 of 2326) of the original data, with AUC of ROC 0.95 and AUC of the P-R curve 0.94. For each image we retrieve images with the most similar DNN-based image embeddings; these can be used to compare with previous cases. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01362v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-292519-dod8k0xa author: Goldstein, Mark R title: Does apolipoprotein E genotype predict COVID-19 severity? date: 2020-04-27 words: 696.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292519-dod8k0xa.txt summary: A challenge facing the medical community caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is predicting who will eventually progress to severe illness and even death, which is usually from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1] . We hypothesize that the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype may predict the propensity to manifest rapid and severe illness with COVID-19. Of interest, apoE4 has also been associated with some of the comorbid risk factors associated with severe COVID-19, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension [4, 8] . Therefore, it is possible that having one or two copies of apoE4 predisposes one to be at high risk to progress to severe illness from SARS-CoV-2, by virtue of a sequence of robust innate immune response, followed by cytokine storm, and resulting ARDS. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances HIV-1 cell entry in vitro, and the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype accelerates HIV disease progression abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339247/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa142 id: cord-324300-6iv6c9nw author: Goldstein, Mark R title: Reply: Use of statins in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 523.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324300-6iv6c9nw.txt summary: journal: QJM An interesting issue cited by Kow, et al., was that, in an animal model, statins have been shown to increase the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor [3, 4] , which is the functional receptor for cell entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, since statin use is so widespread and the drugs are commonly prescribed at high doses, particularly for patients with many of the comorbidities associated with COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, it might have a deleterious effect on some manifestations of the disease, by increasing ACE2 receptor expression. For example, might high-dose statin therapy lead to an increase in asymptomatic nasal, oral or intestinal virus transmissibility in COVID-19? High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415962/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa173 id: cord-255365-fog62qdu author: Goldstein, Neal D. title: On the importance of early testing even when imperfect in a pandemic such as COVID-19 date: 2020-08-03 words: 1482.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255365-fog62qdu.txt summary: bias in identified cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections will vary in the face of unknown data surrounding test sensitivity and specificity. The true prevalence of COVID-19 will vary in the tested population (e.g., whether a drive-thru public event, clinical referral, group home, etc.), therefore we allowed for a hypothetical range from 0% to 50%. When the true prevalence of COVID-19 infection is low, as at the start of a pandemic, there will be a greater number of false positives, even under excellent specificity. If we assume 25% prevalence of disease in the tested population, we could realistically anticipate between 0 and 75 false positive results, and between 0 and 100 false negative results per 1000 tests. Serosurveys employing antibody assays can thereby inform public health surveillance regarding the extent of the population who have been infected at any point with SARS-CoV-2, and track herd immunity thresholds. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590113320300158 doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100031 id: cord-302865-4znh4pja author: Goldstein, Neal D. title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States date: 2020-09-28 words: 3112.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302865-4znh4pja.txt summary: title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States Compared to other states, Delaware experienced a rapid increase in the number of cases over a short period of time, necessitating a quick and robust public health response to control the outbreak. Since then, Delaware modified the terms of the state of emergency twenty three times through 30 June 2020 to close public schools, prohibit in-person dining at restaurants, close select non-essential businesses and public beaches, require wearing of face masks, require health screening for anyone entering a high-risk essential business, and limit public gatherings in excess of 10 people, among other actions [13] . Delaware''s state of emergency declaration reinforced the existing statutory authority for the Division of Public Health or the Delaware Emergency Management Agency to isolate or quarantine an individual on an emergency basis or following a court hearing. abstract: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic of 2019–2020 generated an equally unprecedented response from government institutions to control contagion. These legal responses included shelter in place orders, closure of non-essential businesses, limiting public gatherings, and mandatory mask wearing, among others. The State of Delaware in the United States experienced an outbreak later than most states but a particularly intense one that required a rapid and effective public health response. We describe the ways that Delaware responded through the interplay of public health, law, and government action, contrasting the state to others. We discuss how evolution of this state’s public heath legal response to the pandemic can inform future disease outbreak policies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989234/ doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00257-8 id: cord-302676-aarcjyia author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Where do we stand as dermatologists in combat with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 658.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302676-aarcjyia.txt summary: The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2) which began in Wuhan, China in late December 2019, quickly spread to involve the rest of the world within a span of few weeks. [1] [2] [3] Hygiene measures are of paramount importance to combat transmission of COVID-19 including social distancing, meticulous hand hygiene measures like frequent hand washing, avoiding touching the face and wearing masks. Healthcare workers, who are at high risk of acquiring the infection are advised to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). aggravate during periods of stress, like psoriasis, eczema, atopy and neurodermatitis can also flare up either in health care workers or in patients. The patient presented with petechiae rash and lab reports showed thrombocytopenia, the two common features of dengue. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Personal Protective Equipment: An Emerging Issue in the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13638 doi: 10.1111/dth.13638 id: cord-322718-zpf2ri9k author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine date: 2020-07-11 words: 508.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322718-zpf2ri9k.txt summary: title: Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID‐19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine In most countries including Switzerland, dermatology residency entails five years of training including ward rounds, inpatient care, outpatient consultation, mandatory dissertations, research projects, case presentations, scientific writing and specialists exams -but all pertinent to the subject. Even in the armed forces teaching institutes, serving as a general practitioner is mandatory before dermatology residency to become trained in, internal medicine and infectious diseases. In brief, internal medicine rotations should be made mandatory for dermatologists as this foundation may of use not only for our professional routine but also for exceptional healthcare crisis such as COVID-19. This assumption may reinforced with the SkinSerious Campaign launched by the American Academy of Dermatology which reemphasizes the integral role of dermatologists in health care. Safety Measures in Dermatology Help Minimize Spread of COVID-19 Dermatology Residents and the Care of COVID-19 Patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13996 doi: 10.1111/dth.13996 id: cord-328718-j9p7ahl8 author: Goldust, Mohamad title: Skin cancer and COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 words: 739.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328718-j9p7ahl8.txt summary: Some of the worst affected patients include those with chronic illnesses like skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma). Due to minimal availability of public transport and doctors in regular clinics, several skin cancer patients are going undiagnosed, leading to delayed diagnosis resulting in worsening of its grade and prognosis. Many patients with skin cancer are already immunosuppressed, thus increasing their susceptibility to various infections including COVID-19. 5 Thus, COVID-19 induced stress may predispose patients to squamous cell carcinoma. Newer anti-cancer molecules like immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab) are being used in melanoma 6 but there are reports of pembrolizumab induced neutropenia. 7 This weakens the immune system of patient leading to increased risk of COVID-19. 8 The treatment regimens are also being modified to decrease the need of hospital visits by these patients to reduce the spread of COVID-19 viz. Chronic stress and susceptibility to skin cancer. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14050 doi: 10.1111/dth.14050 id: cord-255047-0kr4y753 author: Goletti, Orlando title: Factors Affecting Mortality in 1022 COVID-19 Patients Referred to an Emergency Department in Bergamo during the Peak of the Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 words: 2469.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255047-0kr4y753.txt summary: A total of 1022 COVID positive patients referred to the Emergency Department: 714 were admitted into the hospital (COVID department and ICU) with respiratory disease and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, 236 were discharged at home with therapy prescriptions and daily follow-up, and 72 were observed and treated in a section of the Emergency Department (Acute Admission Unit Level II, AAUL-2) and died before admission. This paper analyzes retrospectively the characteristics of deceased patients and describes the different distributions of parameters of severity of disease between two groups (those dead inside the hospital and those in AAUL-2). The multivariate analysis applied to the physiological and laboratory parameters, the symptoms, and the scores of severity of the disease was able to differentiate patients who died in AAUL-2 and those in the COVID department or in the ICU for the following indicators: asthenia, smoking history, Apache score, GCS, mean arterial pressure, pH, and CRP (Table 3 ). abstract: The unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 in the area of Bergamo and the general crisis of personnel and devices has been managed as well as possible during the maximum peak of epidemic; Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital implemented its facilities and organization in order to optimize the treatment of patients. The number of beds in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was doubled (from 16 to 33), and more than 220 beds were dedicated to the COVID-19 patients. This paper analyzes the factors affecting mortality in 1022 COVID-19 patients who referred to Humanitas Gavazzeni between February 25 and March 26, 2020. A total of 274 (34.9%) fatal events were registered: 202 among those admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and COVID department and 72 among those treated in Acute Admission Unit Level II (AAUl-2) who died before hospital admission. This paper studies 274 dead cases by analyzing patient’s characteristics, physiological and laboratory parameters, symptoms, and the scores of severity of the disease. Patients who had fatal events in the AAUL-2 showed the worst parameters of risk. The most important differences regarded the Apache II score, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), CRP (C-reactive protein), pH, creatinine, RR (respiratory rate), and asthenia. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00444-4 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00444-4 id: cord-278589-ios3cuxc author: Golinelli, D. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date: 2020-05-01 words: 5040.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt summary: We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. We conducted a rapid review of the scientific literature to include quantitative and qualitative studies using diverse designs to describe which digital solutions have been reported to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Our literature review suggests that digital technologies can be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis as well as for implementing prevention and surveillance measures. [19] , Authors deploy a Coronavirus Symptom Checker that is a digital patient-facing selftriage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. In this rapid literature review we describe numerous digital solutions and technologies addressing several healthcare needs, with particular regard to diagnosis, prevention and surveillance. abstract: Background. Healthcare is responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through the fast adoption of digital solutions and advanced technology tools. Many of the solutions implemented now could consolidate in the near future, contributing to the definition of new digital-based models of care. The aim of this study is to describe which digital solutions have been reported in the early scientific literature to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Results. The search identified 52 articles, of which 38 full-text articles were assessed and 29 included in the review after screening. Of selected articles, most of them addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance and prevention. We report that digital solutions and innovative technologies have mainly been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence-powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Discussion. It is worth taking advantage of the push given by the crisis, and mandatory to keep track of the digital solutions proposed today to implement tomorrow's best practices and models of care, and to be ready for any new moments of emergency. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.20080341v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080341 id: cord-300046-orlga9qf author: Gomes da Silva, J. title: Health literacy of inland population in the mitigation phase 3.2. of COVID-19''s pandemic in Portugal - a descriptive cohort study date: 2020-05-14 words: 5399.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300046-orlga9qf.txt summary: Globally, younger individuals, females, graduates and the Non-Risk Group presented higher relative frequencies of the correct answer along COVID-19''s Questionnaire. However, three exceptions were observed: the Undergraduate Group and the Risk-Group had a high relative frequency stating that COVID-19 has a cure and in mentioning "Social Isolation" as an important preventive measure to adopt when compared to the Graduate Group and the Non-Risk Group, respectively. Males have higher relative frequency in answering the correct number of SNS24 and in stating that children can get sick and transmit the infection by SARS-CoV-2 when compared to females ( Table 2 -Supplementary information). Nonparametric tests reveal a statistically significant association regarding variable "Age", "Gender" and "Risk Factor", with younger individuals, females and individuals from Risk-Group stating more often the correct answer. Nonparametric tests reveal a statistically significant association regarding variable "Gender" and "Risk Factor", with males and individuals from Non-Risk Group answering the correct number. abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease transmitted through respiratory droplets with a high transmission rate. There's still no effective and approved antiretroviral treatment or vaccine, thus, preventive measures are the main key to contain this pandemic. Portugal is now in phase 3.2 of the mitigation of COVID-19, being imperative to understand the health literacy of our country and how to prevent the lack of information, through community empowerment. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with a cohort from a primary care facility was conducted. We collected demographic and epidemiological data and carried out a questionnaire by phone call. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to assess associations between the independent variables and the level of health literacy. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Our cohort includes 222 subjects (median age: 62 years old), mostly females (131), undergraduate (193) and with at least one risk factor for COVID-19 (144). Globally, younger individuals, females, graduates and the Non-Risk Group appear to have higher levels of health literacy, with some exceptions to this pattern. Conclusions: We observe a well-informed population. However, being a pandemic situation, we intend to identify and correct outliers/misconceptions. This work allows a perspective of the current state/pattern of health literacy as well as its possible predictors. Furthermore, this study makes aware of how relevant the specific communication approaches are. Further studies to understand the predictors of health literacy are necessary. Key-Words: COVID-19, pandemic, SARS-CoV2, Portugal, Health literacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098061 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098061 id: cord-252416-d244rl65 author: Gomes, Bruno de Araujo title: In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 words: 1394.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252416-d244rl65.txt summary: From the beginning of the year 2020, the world was affected by a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at a global level, and thus generating exposure of health professionals to this extremely contagious virus. Following an international initiative to target 3D prints for PPE production in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by Prusa Research (Prague, Czech Republic), the Oral and Maxillofacial team at the General Hospital of Cuiabá reproduced an in-house 3D printing workflow. Prusa designed Faces Shields and the model chosen for the process was RC2, this being adapted to the characteristics of 3D printing, through the Simplify 3D software (Simplify 3D, Cincinnati, OH), for Gtmax3D Core H5 printer (Americana, São Paulo, Brazil). The printing speed was 100%, totaling 3 hours and 44 minutes for each complete pair of face shield structures, which are 2.5 mm thick on the external handle and 2 mm on the internal handle, with 4 reliefs for fitting the transparent acetate visor. abstract: From the beginning of the year 2020, the world was affected by a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at a global level, and thus generating exposure of health professionals to this extremely contagious virus. Within this context, the present work seeks to present an alternative for the production of face shields “face shields,” in which it recommends its production “in house” through 3D printing, in principle initiated by Prusa Research, where we download your project of support of facial protectors, proceeding with printing through the 3D printer Gtmax3D Core H5. The authors produced a face shield in ABS, in a total time of 3 hours and 44 minutes. Thus, the model presented proved to be feasible, at a low cost, adding to the list of possibilities to produce inputs necessary to maintain the fight against this epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32649548/ doi: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006723 id: cord-301765-q7yavza2 author: Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego title: COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES date: 2020-05-29 words: 911.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301765-q7yavza2.txt summary: Most of the reports on a high incidence of thrombotic complications are in relation to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, while the evidence about arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is limited. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute 39 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first described in Wuhan, China 40 and later declared by the World Health Organization as pandemic [1] An acute 92 thrombosis of an aortic prosthetic graft in a patient with COVID-19 has been also described [8] . We reported four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients 94 with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Concomitant acute aortic thrombosis and 160 pulmonary embolism complicating COVID-19 pneumonia Acute thrombosis of an 163 aortic prosthetic graft in a patient with severe COVID-19 related pneumonia abstract: COVID-19 may predispose patients to an increased risk of thrombotic complications through various pathophysiological mechanisms. Most of the reports on a high incidence of thrombotic complications are in relation to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, while the evidence about arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is limited. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474145/ doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.05.031 id: cord-338830-h2nrw374 author: Gong, Xiaohuan title: Three infection clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Shanghai, China, January to February 2020 date: 2020-08-20 words: 4592.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338830-h2nrw374.txt summary: Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities'' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. On 1 February 2020, another hospital in Shanghai reported one suspected COVID-19 case and six of their close contacts to the local district CDC; four of the close contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by realtime reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction (rRT-PCR), 1-2 days later (Cluster 2). Investigators interviewed COVID-19 cases, close contacts and healthcare workers directly (face-to-face or over the phone) to collect epidemiological information including demographic characteristics, date of illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities'' trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation and exposure histories (i.e. travel to or living in Wuhan or Hubei Province, visiting any other area with local sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2, contact with persons with respiratory symptoms, contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases). abstract: We report three clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between January and February 2020 in Shanghai, China. Investigators interviewed suspected COVID-19 cases to collect epidemiological information, including demographic characteristics, illness onset, hospital visits, close contacts, activities’ trajectories between 14 days before illness onset and isolation, and exposure histories. Respiratory specimens of suspected cases were collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The interval between the onset of illness in the primary case and the last contact of the secondary case with the primary case in our report was 1 to 7 days. In Cluster 1 (five cases), illness onset in the five secondary cases was 2 to 5 days after the last contact with the primary case. In Cluster 2 (five cases) and Cluster 3 (four cases), the illness onset in secondary cases occurred prior to or on the same day as the onset in the primary cases. The study provides empirical evidence for transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period and indicates that pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission can occur following sufficient exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases. The potential pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission puts forward higher requirements for prevention and control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.33.2000228 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.33.2000228 id: cord-305266-fuaq4ujb author: Gong, Yue title: Early Research on COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis date: 2020-08-05 words: 2118.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305266-fuaq4ujb.txt summary: In this review, we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide, the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first ten days of February; among these, the largest number of studies originated in China, the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages. The Coronavirus Study Group 4 (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses designated the causative 5 virus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease, 6 which subsequently spread globally, was named coronavirus disease of 2019 7 COVID-19, covering topics such as etiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, 24 prognosis, nursing, prevention and control, were available in the PubMed and China 25 national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong abstract: Abstract In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia, which was named COVID-2019, emerged as a global health crisis. Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causative coronavirus. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, making it critical to track and review the state of research on COVID-19 to provide guidance for further investigations. Here, bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses of studies on COVID-19 were performed, including more than 1500 papers on COVID-19 available in the PubMed and CNKI databases from January 1, 2020 to March 8, 2020. In this review, we found that because of the rapid response of researchers worldwide, the number of COVID-19-related publications showed a high growth trend in the first ten days of February; among these, the largest number of studies originated in China, the country most affected by pandemic in its early stages. Our findings revealed that the epidemic situation and data accessibility of different research teams have caused obvious difference in emphases of the publications. Besides, there was an unprecedented level of close cooperation and information sharing within the global scientific community relative to previous coronavirus research. We combed and drew the knowledge map of the SARS-CoV-2 literature, explored early status of research on etiology, pathology, epidemiology, treatment, prevention, and control, and discussed knowledge gaps that remain to be urgently addressed. Future perspectives on treatment, prevention, and control were also presented to provide fundamental references for current and future coronavirus research. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666675820300278?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100027 id: cord-307322-h7vqmlq9 author: Gongalsky, Maxim B title: Early detection of superspreaders by mass group pool testing can mitigate COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 words: 3614.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307322-h7vqmlq9.txt summary: Background Most of epidemiological models applied for COVID-19 do not consider heterogeneity in infectiousness and impact of superspreaders, despite the broad viral loading distributions amongst COVID-19 positive people (1-1 000 000 per mL). Methods I used stochastic social-epidemiological SEIAR model, where S-suspected, E-exposed, I-infectious, A-admitted (confirmed COVID-19 positive, who are admitted to hospital or completely isolated), R-recovered. Thus, the aim of the present article is to describe possible group pool testing strategy, which can detect superspreaders on early stages within reasonable amount of RT-PCR tests, and demonstrate the efficiency of the strategy by means of SEIR derivative model Monte Carlo simulations applied for London, Moscow and New York City as examples. Simulated COVID-19 pandemic curves for London, Moscow and New York City without mass testing (blue), and with mass testing with different superspreaders threshold, St, 100 (green), 300 (yellow) and 1000 (orange). abstract: Background Most of epidemiological models applied for COVID-19 do not consider heterogeneity in infectiousness and impact of superspreaders, despite the broad viral loading distributions amongst COVID-19 positive people (1-1 000 000 per mL). Also, mass group testing is not used regardless to existing shortage of tests. I propose new strategy for early detection of superspreaders with reasonable number of RT-PCR tests, which can dramatically mitigate development COVID-19 pandemic and even turn it endemic. Methods I used stochastic social-epidemiological SEIAR model, where S-suspected, E-exposed, I-infectious, A-admitted (confirmed COVID-19 positive, who are admitted to hospital or completely isolated), R-recovered. The model was applied to real COVID-19 dynamics in London, Moscow and New York City. Findings Viral loading data measured by RT-PCR were fitted by broad log-normal distribution, which governed high importance of superspreaders. The proposed full scale model of a metropolis shows that top 10% spreaders (100+ higher viral loading than median infector) transmit 45% of new cases. Rapid isolation of superspreaders leads to 4-8 fold mitigation of pandemic depending on applied quarantine strength and amount of currently infected people. High viral loading allows efficient group matrix pool testing of population focused on detection of the superspreaders requiring remarkably small amount of tests. Interpretation The model and new testing strategy may prevent thousand or millions COVID-19 deaths requiring just about 5000 daily RT-PCR test for big 12 million city such as Moscow. Though applied to COVID-19 pandemic the results are universal and can be used for other infectious heterogenous epidemics. Funding No funding url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20076166v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076166 id: cord-354147-01dhp7nn author: Gonzalez, Rocío Maqueda title: Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: comparative cross-sectional cohort study date: 2020-10-23 words: 3210.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354147-01dhp7nn.txt summary: Proctologic Page 4 of 16 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f disorders have been another major victim of the pandemic, since in a significant number of cases can be considered non-priority issues, and therefore, following several international clinical guidelines for prioritization of surgical interventions, they have been postponed (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) . All the patients included in the present study were evaluated by the general surgery team, resident or attendant, during their consultation in the emergency department. We collected demographic variables, comorbidities and chronic treatments, previous proctological pathology, reason for consultation in the ED, definitive diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment required, outpatient or in-hospital regimen, change in attitude with respect to usual behavior in our center in each situation and the need for readmission or new ED consultation within 30 days after the initial visit. abstract: Introduction: Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. Material and method: Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. Results: A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p=0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p=0.001) and previous de-escalation (p=0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p=0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p=0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p=0.086). Conclusion: There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009739X20303171 doi: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.10.002 id: cord-316047-d9cpe9yl author: Gonzalez, T. title: Influence of COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance in higher education date: 2020-10-09 words: 8517.0 sentences: 451.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316047-d9cpe9yl.txt summary: This study analyzes the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of students in higher education. We present a study that involves more than 450 students enrolled in 3 subjects from different degrees from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) during three academic years, including data obtained in the 2019/2020 academic year, when the restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been in force. In the case of "Design of Water Treatment Facilities", a longitudinal study has been performed in academic year 2017/2018 to analyse the effect of rewards in the students'' learning strategies, especially those related to time management. The second stage corresponds to the period of COVID-19 confinement (after March 11), where some measurable activities were performed in a different format and statistical differences can be found by comparing experimental and control groups. abstract: This study analyzes the effects of COVID-19 confinement on the autonomous learning performance of students in higher education. Using a field experiment with 458 students from three different subjects at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), we study the differences in assessments by dividing students into two groups. The first group (control) corresponds to academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The second group (experimental) corresponds to students from 2019/2020, which is the group of students that had their face-to-face activities interrupted because of the confinement. The results show that there is a significant positive effect of the COVID-19 confinement on students’ performance. This effect is also significant in activities that did not change their format when performed after the confinement. We find that this effect is significant both in subjects that increased the number of assessment activities and subjects that did not change the student workload. Additionally, an analysis of students’ learning strategies before confinement shows that students did not study on a continuous basis. Based on these results, we conclude that COVID-19 confinement changed students’ learning strategies to a more continuous habit, improving their efficiency. For these reasons, better scores in students’ assessment are expected due to COVID-19 confinement that can be explained by an improvement in their learning performance. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239490 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239490 id: cord-272067-241tx1v7 author: González-Blanco, Leticia title: COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls? date: 2020-07-25 words: 4203.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272067-241tx1v7.txt summary: Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). Considering all potential confounders, the multiple linear regression model (R 2 = 0.580, F = 41.027, p < 0.001) detected being single (beta = 0.144, t = 2.291, p = 0.024), having symptoms of COVID-19 (beta = 0.146, t = 2.395, p = 0.018), and higher scores on the DASS-21 stress subscale (beta = 0.538, t = 7.635, p < 0.001) as risk factors for anxiety response in people with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 11 SMD; whereas a protective effect was associated with being able to enjoy free time (beta = -0.244, t = -3.692, p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly examine the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, stress, intrusive and avoidant responses) of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions on patients with severe mental disorders (bipolar and psychotic disorders) in Spain. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown restrictions could have adverse consequences for patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). An anonymous online questionnaire using a snowball sampling method was conducted from March 19–26, 2020 and included sociodemographic and clinical data along with the DASS-21 and IES scales. We performed descriptive and bivariate analyses and multinomial and linear regression models. People with SMD had higher anxiety, stress, and depression responses than HC, but lower scores than CMD in all domains. Most people with SMD (87.2%) were able to enjoy free time, although control groups had higher percentages. After controlling for confounding factors, anxiety was the only significant psychological domain with lower scores in HC than people with SMD (OR = 0.721; 95% CI: 0.579–0.898). In the SMD group, higher anxiety was associated with being single (beta = 0.144), having COVID-19 symptoms (beta = 0.146), and a higher score on the stress subscale of DASS-21 (beta = 0.538); whereas being able to enjoy free time was a protective factor (beta = −0.244). Our results showed that patients with SMD reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions with higher anxiety levels than the general public, and suggesting this domain could be a criterion for early intervention strategies and closer follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018 doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018 id: cord-259699-48jg7ci7 author: González-Calatayud, Dra Mariel title: Observational study of the suspected or confirmed cases of sars COV-2 infection needing emergency surgical intervention during the first months of the pandemic in a third level hospital: Case series date: 2020-10-24 words: 2797.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259699-48jg7ci7.txt summary: METHOD: We conducted an observational study of patients undergoing surgical intervention in the operating room assigned as COVID, where we considered age, sex, treating department, type of intervention, and initial biomarkers (first five days of hospitalization), days of hospital stay, days in the Intensive Care Unit and reason for discharge. We conducted an observational study of patients undergoing surgical intervention in the operating room assigned as COVID, where we considered age, sex, treating department, type of intervention, and initial laboratory tests (first five days of hospitalization): ferritin, D-dimer, total leucocyte count, total lymphocyte count, lymphocytes (%), platelets, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and procalcitonin; we also considered days of hospital stay (DOHS), days in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and reason for discharge. Indeed, it has been decided to reduce elective surgical treatment, we have also observed that patients undergoing emergency surgery with suspicion or confirmation of SARS-Cov-2 infection have significant mortality depending on the performed surgical procedure, without relevant findings regarding biomarkers. abstract: Approximately 28, 404, 603 surgical events have been suspended in the 12 peak weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to report all the surgically intervened patients with suspected or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection from April 1 to July 31, 2020, and to estimate their prognosis in the Surgical Therapy Department of a third level hospital in Mexico. METHOD: We conducted an observational study of patients undergoing surgical intervention in the operating room assigned as COVID, where we considered age, sex, treating department, type of intervention, and initial biomarkers (first five days of hospitalization), days of hospital stay, days in the Intensive Care Unit and reason for discharge. RESULTS: 42 patients have been surgically intervened, with a total of 49 surgeries. For Otolaringology and General Surgery, there were more deceased cases than alive cases; while for Thoracic Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, there were more alive cases than deceased ones (36% and 0% deceased, respectively), with statistically significant differences (p = 0.014). With regard to mortality for each group of surgical procedure, patients who underwent C-section or pleurostomy had a mortality rate of 0%; the mortality rate for patients who underwent tracheostomy was 52%; patients who underwent laparotomy had a mortality rate of 54%; for those who underwent debridement, the mortality rate was 100%; which show significant differences, with a p value of 0.03. DISCUSSION: we identified an overall mortality rate of 42.8%, with a significant difference between treating departments and type of surgical procedure. This can be explained because many of the General Surgery patients, in addition to their infectious process by COVID-19, had another complication, like sepsis, In the same way, we can say that pregnant patients are healthy and have a physiological condition. Finally, patients undergoing an open tracheostomy had solely pulmonary complications. CONCLUSION: There is no doubt that we face an unknown condition for which we have been learning tests along the way. This sample of cases undergoing surgery at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic can provide clues on relevant results that we must consider for future cases. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120303939?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.038 id: cord-272395-ygtqbqjf author: González-Fernández, Jorge title: Gestión de los cadáveres durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en España date: 2020-05-11 words: 5695.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272395-ygtqbqjf.txt summary: La grave crisis sanitaria desencadenada por la epidemia de COVID-19 ha hecho necesaria la elaboración de recomendaciones sanitarias sobre los procedimientos para el manejo de cadáveres y la realización de autopsias, incluidas las judiciales, y la emisión de disposiciones específicas de Policía Sanitaria Mortuoria, especialmente tras la declaración del estado de Alarma el 14 de marzo (17). Incluye los cadáveres de fallecidos por Covid-19 en el grupo 2 del RPSM de 1974 y en el grupo 3 de la Guía de Consenso sobre Sanidad (cadáveres sin riesgo sanitario), pero matizando que "dado que el cadáver puede constituir un riesgo biológico, se proponen algunas medidas adicionales para su manejo en base a las informaciones existentes y las recomendaciones aplicables a nivel internacional". -La Orden SND/272/2020 de 21 de marzo, que regula las "medidas excepcionales para expedir la licencia de enterramiento y el destino final de los cadáveres ante la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el Covid-19" (7). abstract: Resumen El brote por el Coronavirus/COVID-19, declarado Emergencia de Salud Pública de Importancia Internacional el 30 de enero de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, ha sobrepasado en numerosos países la capacidad de respuesta del sistema sanitario por su alta contagiosidad, y la de gestión de las personas fallecidas por su elevado riesgo de letalidad. Se revisan las principales guías y protocolos promovidos por las instituciones y las principales sociedades científicas, orientados a la contención de la pandemia mediante la adopción de medidas de protección de los profesionales y a la adecuada gestión del alto número de cadáveres. Se analizan los centros especiales de recogida de cadáveres en situación de epidemias y las clasificaciones de los cadáveres en función del riesgo infecto-contagioso. Específicamente se resumen las resoluciones dictadas por las autoridades sanitarias y se describen los protocolos de actuación ante fallecidos durante la pandemia COVID-19, incluyendo las autopsias forenses. Abstract The Coronavirus/COVID-19 outbreak, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Importance on January 30, 2020 by the World Health Organization, has in many countries exceeded the capacity of health systems to respond, due to its high contagiousness and the capacity to manage the deceased, due to its high fatality risk. A review is necessary of the principal guidelines and protocols promoted by the institutions and the main scientific societies, aimed at containing the pandemic by adopting professional protection measures and appropriately managing the high number of cadavers. The temporary mortuaries in an epidemic crisis and the classification of bodies according to infectious risk are analysed. In particular the resolutions issued by the health authorities are summarised and the protocols for dealing with deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic are described, including forensic autopsies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0377473220300201 doi: 10.1016/j.reml.2020.05.001 id: cord-305089-y5cdqlze author: González-García, Andrés title: Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 with subcutaneous anakinra as a sole treatment date: 2020-06-22 words: 1265.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305089-y5cdqlze.txt summary: After an initial viral phase with fever, coughing and mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, some COVID-19 patients may experience a hyperinflammatory phase manifested with biological changes of a cytokine storm syndrome (with increased levels of ferritin and CRP), which are similar to those observed after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcell therapy and in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), as well as in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a secondary HLH form, classically associated with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions [2] . IL-1 may also play a determinant role in the cytokine storm syndrome of COVID-19 by activating the inflammasome after the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 with specific Toll-like receptors, leading to a final uncontrolled production of active mature IL-1b, a mediator known to be involved in fever and inflammatory and fibrotic pulmonary changes [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32568376/ doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa318 id: cord-351604-x4rsdwqz author: González-Gay, Miguel A. title: BioLogic THERAPY IN COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 1500.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351604-x4rsdwqz.txt summary: Taking all these considerations together and based on often preliminary data or clinical experience, physicians have used immune-modulatory treatments such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly prescribed to individuals with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Recently, four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection and severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been treated with up to 4 infusions of eculizumab, an anti-complement C5a human antibody, showing all of them a marked clinical improvement within the first 48 hours after the first administration of eculizumab, including a 82-old woman with several comorbidities. In summary, based on our experience in the management of autoimmune diseases with biologic therapies and new small molecules, we strongly support the use of these agents in COVID-19 patients with severe disease or in those patients who experience a rapid deterioration due to the development of a MAS-like hyperinflammatory state. The Role of Cytokines including Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced Pneumonia and Macrophage Activation Syndrome-Like Disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654852/ doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.007 id: cord-277357-lpurk7pe author: González-González, Everardo title: Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection date: 2020-08-13 words: 3999.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277357-lpurk7pe.txt summary: title: Portable and accurate diagnostics for COVID-19: Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection Here, we demonstrate the use of the miniPCR, a commercial compact and portable PCR device recently available on the market, in combination with a commercial well-plate reader as a diagnostic system for detecting genetic material of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19. Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection containing the amplification products of each one of three experiments, where the three different sets of primers (namely N1, N2, and N3) were used to amplify the same range of concentrations of template. Combined use of the miniPCR thermocycler and a well-plate reader for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection others), we observe differences in the performance of each primer pair. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has crudely demonstrated the need for massive and rapid diagnostics. By the first week of July, more than 10,000,000 positive cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide, although this number could be greatly underestimated. In the case of an epidemic emergency, the first line of response should be based on commercially available and validated resources. Here, we demonstrate the use of the miniPCR, a commercial compact and portable PCR device recently available on the market, in combination with a commercial well-plate reader as a diagnostic system for detecting genetic material of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19. We used the miniPCR to detect and amplify SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences using the sets of initiators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for targeting three different regions that encode for the N protein. Prior to amplification, samples were combined with a DNA intercalating reagent (i.e., EvaGreen Dye). Sample fluorescence after amplification was then read using a commercial 96-well plate reader. This straightforward method allows the detection and amplification of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in the range of ~625 to 2×10(5) DNA copies. The accuracy and simplicity of this diagnostics strategy may provide a cost-efficient and reliable alternative for COVID-19 pandemic testing, particularly in underdeveloped regions where RT-QPCR instrument availability may be limited. The portability, ease of use, and reproducibility of the miniPCR makes it a reliable alternative for deployment in point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection efforts during pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32790779/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237418 id: cord-266293-lqag2p3u author: González-Olmo, María José title: Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants date: 2020-10-19 words: 3638.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266293-lqag2p3u.txt summary: The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing. The structured questionnaire (included as supplementary file) consisted of questions covering several areas: (1) sociodemographic data (age, gender and educational level), (2) cross transmission to another person living in the same home and sharing a bathroom, with a response format carried out via a dichotomous question (yes = 1/ no = 0), (3) oral hygiene habits during confinement (brushing 2 or more times per day, flossing once per day, mouth rinsing once per day, brushing tongue once per day). abstract: BACKGROUND: To find out whether misuse of dental hygiene, in terms of certain dental habits, may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 among cohabiting individuals. METHODS: 302 COVID-19 infected (PCR +) subjects cohabiting with someone else at home were selected for an observational cross-sectional study. An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing. RESULTS: Tongue brushing was more used in the group where there was no transmission of the disease to other members (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found for shared toothbrush use (p < 0.05), although shared use was a minority in this group (4. 7%), significant differences were also found for the use of the same container (p < 0.01), shared use of toothpaste (p < 0.01), toothbrush disinfection with bleach (p < 0.01), brush change after PCR + (p < 0.05). The women performed significantly more disinfection with toothbrush bleach (p < 0.01), closing the toilet lid (p < 0.05) and changing the brush after PCR + (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of inappropriate measures in the dental environment could contribute to the indirect transmission of COVID-19 between cohabitants. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33076880/ doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01274-5 id: cord-352665-ik67gpxf author: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre title: Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date: 2020-10-15 words: 2311.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.txt summary: Lastly, we will address aspects related to the impact on mental health of a stressful situation such as the pandemic itself or the imposed public health measures, both in patients with previous mental illness and in the general population. As yet, we still do not know the effectiveness of the psychological support measures for professionals in reducing the risk of mental pathology and posttraumatic stress disorder in health professionals. A recent study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents reported the importance of evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms in this group. In the post-COVID period, the early detection of negative consequences for mental health of patients, families, and professionals, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of the preventive interventions implemented during the pandemic, is of special importance. The role of mental health home hospitalization care during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 id: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author: Goodarzi, Pedram title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 words: 8098.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt summary: Finally, recently, a case report study from Japan shows that orally inhaled ciclesonide alleviates the local inflammation in the lung of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and inhibits the propagation of the virus by antiviral activity [60] . In the same way, a recent case-report study showed that the adoptive transfer therapy of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to a Chinese female patient afflicted with acute COVID19 syndromes improved her laboratory tests and CT images [69] . In vitro evidence of activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero E6 cells reported with high concentrations of the drug [104, 105, 142] FPV significantly improved the latency to relief for pyrexia and cough [99] FPV in patients with COVID-19 led to decrease of viral load and significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm [98] abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an etiological agent of pandemic COVID-19, which spreads rapidly worldwide. No proven effective therapies currently exist for this virus, and efforts to develop antiviral strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 are underway. The rapidly increasing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a notable number of possible immunological procedures and drug targets. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we describe the latest information in the context of immunological approaches and emerging current antiviral strategies for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576920323092 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106885 id: cord-288255-p8uzrsbd author: Goossens, Gijs H. title: Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity date: 2020-08-13 words: 7043.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288255-p8uzrsbd.txt summary: authors: Goossens, Gijs H.; Dicker, Dror; Farpour-Lambert, Nathalie J.; Frühbeck, Gema; Mullerova, Dana; Woodward, Euan; Holm, Jens-Christian Evidence from studies in humans indicates that people with obesity are characterized by systemic low-grade inflammation, higher susceptibility to infections, dampened immune response to infectious agents, as well as higher morbidity and mortality associated with infections, and demonstrate an impaired immune response to vaccinations and antimicrobial treatment [25] [26] [27] [28] . Together, these findings imply that evaluation of cytokine profiles and immune cell subsets in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a deeper understanding of the underlying processes, will significantly contribute to better treatment strategies and clinical management of COVID-19 [37] . At the same time, the rapidly emerging clinical data require ongoing scrutiny to understand not only the risks and benefits of single drugs to tackle COVID-19, but also the interaction with pharmacological agents commonly used in people with obesity and related NCDs, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, who are especially at risk of or hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a major risk factor for the initiation, progression, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about the concomitant obesity and COVID-19 pandemics and their impact on health and society at large. In this perspective, we will address the inherent immunological perturbations and alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with obesity and COVID-19, and discuss how these impairments may underlie the increased susceptibility and more detrimental outcomes of COVID-19 in people with obesity. Clearly, this has important implications for preventive measures, vaccination, and future therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19. Furthermore, we will highlight important knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research and recommendations for policy actions. Since many new reports on COVID-19 rapidly appear, the present perspective should be seen as a focus for discussion to drive forward further understanding, research initiatives, and clinical management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791497/ doi: 10.1159/000510719 id: cord-256332-ha7tx1fo author: Gopal, Jeevan Prakash title: COVID-19 pandemic: Building organisational flexibility to scale transplant programs date: 2020-10-18 words: 2575.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256332-ha7tx1fo.txt summary: Transplantation of organs that are not immediately life-saving such as the kidney, the pancreas, and the small bowel must be decided on an individual case basis considering the loco-regional prevalence of COVID-19 and whether to introduce immunosuppression in patients and sending them into the community amidst the pandemic. The important issue to consider is COVID-19 screening of donors (deceased/ living) and recipients before transplantation. The prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has largely depleted the healthcare systems of their capacity to continue transplantation with the transplant team members being redeployed into the care of virus infected patients. Transplant recipients and living donors should be separated from suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infected patients during the in-hospital stay and outpatient visits. abstract: The prevailing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has challenged our lives in an unprecedented manner. The pandemic has had a significant impact on transplantation worldwide. The logistics of travel restrictions, stretching of available resources, unclear risk of infection in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, and evolving guidelines on testing and transplantation are some of the factors that have unfavourably influenced transplant activity. We must begin to build organisational flexibility in order to restart transplantation so that we can be mindful stewards of organ donation and sincere advocates for our patients. Building a culture of honesty and transparency (with patients, families, colleagues, societies, and authorities), keeping the channels of communication open, working in collaboration with others (at local, regional, national, and international levels), and not restarting without rethinking and appraising all elements of our practice, are the main underlying principles to increase the flexibility. url: https://doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v10.i10.277 doi: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i10.277 id: cord-253609-vi2fb43t author: Gopinathannair, Rakesh title: COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies date: 2020-06-03 words: 3198.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt summary: Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. To better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies employed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey of arrhythmia professionals. The major findings of this global survey include the following: (a) In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, EP professionals across the globe reported a wide variety of arrhythmic manifestations, with several reporting potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (sustained monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT/Torsade de Pointes, VT/VF arrest) as well as Fig. 3 Difference between US and non-US respondents regarding the percentage of hospitalized COVID-19 patients being treated with HCQ/chloroquine + azithromycin Fig. 2 Characteristics of bradyarrhythmias observed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients pulseless electrical activity. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular and arrhythmic events have been reported in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, arrhythmia manifestations and treatment strategies used in these patients have not been well-described. We sought to better understand the cardiac arrhythmic manifestations and treatment strategies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients through a worldwide cross-sectional survey. METHODS: The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) sent an online survey (via SurveyMonkey) to electrophysiology (EP) professionals (physicians, scientists, and allied professionals) across the globe. The survey was active from March 27 to April 13, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1197 respondents completed the survey with 50% of respondents from outside the USA, representing 76 countries and 6 continents. Of respondents, 905 (76%) reported having COVID-19-positive patients in their hospital. Atrial fibrillation was the most commonly reported tachyarrhythmia whereas severe sinus bradycardia and complete heart block were the most common bradyarrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrest and pulseless electrical activity were reported by 4.8% and 5.6% of respondents, respectively. There were 140 of 631 (22.2%) respondents who reported using anticoagulation therapy in all COVID-19-positive patients who did not otherwise have an indication. One hundred fifty-five of 498 (31%) reported regular use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZM); concomitant use of AZM was more common in the USA. Sixty of 489 respondents (12.3%) reported having to discontinue therapy with HCQ + AZM due to significant QTc prolongation and 20 (4.1%) reported cases of Torsade de Pointes in patients on HCQ/chloroquine and AZM. Amiodarone was the most common antiarrhythmic drug used for ventricular arrhythmia management. CONCLUSIONS: In this global survey of > 1100 EP professionals regarding hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a variety of arrhythmic manifestations were observed, ranging from benign to potentially life-threatening. Observed adverse events related to use of HCQ + AZM included prolonged QTc requiring drug discontinuation as well as Torsade de Pointes. Large prospective studies to better define arrhythmic manifestations as well as the safety of treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients are warranted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494896/ doi: 10.1007/s10840-020-00789-9 id: cord-322525-22bt6zv8 author: Gorges, Rebecca J. title: Staffing Levels and COVID‐19 Cases and Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes date: 2020-08-08 words: 2567.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322525-22bt6zv8.txt summary: We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. For example, whereas staffing levels are unrelated to the probability of having at least one case or even increase that probability, perhaps by increasing traffic in and out of the facility, higher NA and total nursing hours are associated with lower probability of a larger outbreak and fewer deaths. abstract: BACKGROUND / OBJECTIVES: Nursing homes have experienced a disproportionate share of COVID‐19 cases and deaths. Early analyses indicated that baseline quality was not predictive of nursing home cases, but a more nuanced study of the role of nurse staffing is needed to target resources and better respond to future outbreaks. We seek to understand whether baseline nurse staffing is associated with the presence of COVID‐19 in nursing homes and whether staffing impacts outbreak severity. DESIGN / SETTING: We analyze CMS facility‐level data on COVID‐19 cases and deaths merged with nursing home and county characteristics. We use logistic regressions to examine the associations of staffing levels from Nursing Home Compare with the outcomes of any COVID‐19 cases and, conditional on at least one case, an outbreak (defined as confirmed cases / certified beds greater than 10% or total confirmed and suspected cases / beds greater than 20% or greater than 10 deaths). Among facilities with at least one case, we model count of deaths using hurdle negative‐binomial‐2 regressions. RESULTS: 71% of the 13,167 nursing homes that reported COVID‐19 data as of June 14 had at least one case among residents and/or staff. Of those, 27% experienced an outbreak. Higher RN hours are associated with a higher probability of experiencing any cases. However, among facilities with at least one case, higher nurse aide and total nursing hours are associated with a lower probability of experiencing an outbreak and with fewer deaths. The strongest predictor of cases and outbreaks in nursing homes is per capita cases in the county. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of COVID‐19 in the community remains the strongest predictor of COVID‐19 cases and deaths in nursing homes, but higher nurse aide and total nursing hours may help to contain the number of cases and deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16787 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16787 id: cord-291016-c83fs5ih author: Gori, Tommaso title: Perspective: cardiovascular disease and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 1623.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291016-c83fs5ih.txt summary: Furthermore, the new, emergency-driven changes to hospital logistics conflict with important principles of treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes: patients with an undefined contact history or ambiguous symptoms are often approached as potential Sars-Cov-2 positive at the time of their medical contact. It is now of paramount importance that communication media inform the population that most large centers have restructured their admission protocols to provide a rapid and Covid-secure care of patients with acute coronary syndromes while still addressing the diagnosis of Sars-CoV-2 infection. International experts and the European Society of Cardiology "strongly recommend that physicians and patients should continue treatment with their usual anti-hypertensive therapy", given the lack of clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensinreceptor blockers might favor the spread or the severity of Sars-CoV-2 infection [9] . abstract: We summarize the cardiovascular risks associated with Covid-19 pandemic, discussing the risks for both infected and non-infected patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-020-0792-4 doi: 10.1007/s00395-020-0792-4 id: cord-322899-uxvlagt3 author: Gorji, Ali title: The potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-06 words: 4922.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322899-uxvlagt3.txt summary: Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory host responses. [16] Zinc deficiency is associated with impaired immune responses and leads to a higher risk of respiratory viral infections, particularly in elderly subjects. [61] The beneficial effects of vitamin A on morbidity and mortality of some viral infections, such as measles and HIV, could be due to increased antibody production and lymphocyte proliferation as well as enhanced T-cell lymphopoiesis. [102] A modest level of vitamin E supplementation regulates the cellular free radical-antioxidant balance, enhances the antibody response, and activates the immune cells of broilers vaccinated with the infectious bronchitis virus. Micronutrient deficiencies are associated with impaired immune response and higher burden of respiratory infections in elderly Ecuadorians abstract: Preliminary studies indicate that a robust immune response across different cell types is crucial in the recovery from COVID-19. An enormous number of investigations point to the vital importance of various micronutrients in the interactions between the host immune system and viruses, including COVID-19. There are complex and multifaceted links between micronutrient status, the host immune response, and the virulence of pathogenic viruses. Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory host responses. Furthermore, inadequate amounts of micronutrients not only weaken the immune system in combating viral infections, but also contribute to the emergence of more virulent strains via alterations of the genetic make-up of the viral genome. This study aimed to evaluate the evidence which suggests the contribution of micronutrients in the spread as well as the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Both the presence of micronutrient deficiencies among infected subjects and the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the immune responses and overall outcome of the disease could be of great interest to weigh the use of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. These investigations could be of great value in dealing with future viral epidemics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900720303300?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047 id: cord-267947-dnv2xl0h author: Gornet, Jean-Marc title: What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19? date: 2020-04-24 words: 3745.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267947-dnv2xl0h.txt summary: Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. At the outset of the epidemic, there was a reported case of a 22-year-old female patient presenting with isolated febrile diarrhea along with normal blood test and negative fecal culture; on the other hand, chest scan revealed bilateral pneumopathy suggesting COVID-19 [7] . In a recent retrospective study involving 1141 patients presenting with documented infection, the frequency of initially isolated digestive disorders came to 16%, whereas in 96% of cases, injured lungs appeared on CT-scan [8] . This has also been reported in COVID-19, with a well-documented case of positive RT-PCR results in stools (during 7 days after hospital admission there were also 4 other negative RT-PCR test results, 2 on throat swabs, and the other 2 on sputum) in a patient presenting with non-severe bilateral pneumopathy [14] . abstract: Abstract The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported; at first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect (to some extent) more than half of patients. The symptoms are mainly manifested by anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive forms, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images compatible with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the interest of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopic surgeons may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient’s persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360205/ doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.017 id: cord-348748-rxyh58eu author: Gorospe, Luis title: COVID-19: Thoracic Diagnostic Interventional Procedures in Troubled Times() date: 2020-09-07 words: 1272.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348748-rxyh58eu.txt summary: Some publications have addressed the clinical management of cancer patients in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but there are no specific guidelines for performing thoracic diagnostic interventional procedures in patients with tumors who are also infected with SARS-CoV-2. Because of this situation, most of the hospital''s clinical activity (like many other centers throughout the country) was focused on the treatment of Covid-19 patients, and large numbers of medical personnel (including pulmonologists, medical oncologists and radiation therapists, thoracic surgeons, pathologists, and radiologists) had been recruited from different departments of the center for the care and management of these patients. 15 Recent articles have reminded us how important it is for radiology departments to be prepared for COVID-19 (from the indication of chest X-rays or CT to the protection of their staff), 16 but there are no specific guidelines for performing diagnostic thoracic interventional procedures in patients with tumor lesions who are also infected with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1579212920302172 doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.08.008 id: cord-180457-047iqerh author: Gorrell, Genevieve title: MP Twitter Abuse in the Age of COVID-19: White Paper date: 2020-06-10 words: 5684.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-180457-047iqerh.txt summary: Following Mr Johnson''s recovery, with rising economic concerns and anger about lockdown violations by influential figures, abuse levels began to rise in May. 1,902 replies to MPs within the study period were found containing hashtags or terms that refute the existence of the virus (e.g. This white paper charts Twitter abuse in replies to UK MPs, and a number of other prominent/relevant accounts, from before the start of the pandemic in the [1] Page 2 "infodemic": https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf, https://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/technology-51497800 [2] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-52731624, https://www.independent.co.uk/ news/world/middle-east/iran-coronavirus-methanol-drink-cure-deaths-fake-a9429956. [4] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/07/black-people-four-times-morelikely-to-die-from-covid-19-ons-finds [5] https://www.pewresearch.org/pathways-2020/COVIDCREATE/main_source_of_ election_news/us_adults Methodology In this work we utilize a large tweet collection on which a natural language processing has been performed in order to identify abusive language. Difference in responses to different parties Fig 3 shows abuse received as a percentage of all replies received by MPs, for each of the time periods studied in more detail below. https://twitter.com/BorisJohnson/status/1238365263764041728 (9% of replies were abusive, tweet received 3% of all abuse to MPs in the period). abstract: As COVID-19 sweeps the globe, outcomes depend on effective relationships between the public and decision-makers. In the UK there were uncivil tweets to MPs about perceived UK tardiness to go into lockdown. The pandemic has led to increased attention on ministers with a role in the crisis. However, generally this surge has been civil. Prime minister Boris Johnson's severe illness with COVID-19 resulted in an unusual peak of supportive responses on Twitter. Those who receive more COVID-19 mentions in their replies tend to receive less abuse (significant negative correlation). Following Mr Johnson's recovery, with rising economic concerns and anger about lockdown violations by influential figures, abuse levels began to rise in May. 1,902 replies to MPs within the study period were found containing hashtags or terms that refute the existence of the virus (e.g. #coronahoax, #coronabollocks, 0.04% of a total 4.7 million replies, or 9% of the number of mentions of"stay home save lives"and variants). These have tended to be more abusive. Evidence of some members of the public believing in COVID-19 conspiracy theories was also found. Higher abuse levels were associated with hashtags blaming China for the pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.08363v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-253410-rdmopd4t author: Gorzkowski, Victor title: Evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-02 words: 2740.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253410-rdmopd4t.txt summary: The time from smell loss onset to survey was 26.8±8.2 days in patients with complete olfactory recovery and 25.3±7.1 days in those with incomplete olfactory recovery (p=0.37). The findings of the present study can be summarized as follows: i)about two thirds reported a sudden olfactory/gustatory impairment; ii)olfactory/gustatory disorders can be isolate or associated to other symptoms; iii)95% of patients recovered (incompletely to completely) their olfactory function at one month; iv)olfactory function was recovered between the 4 th and the 15 th day after the onset of olfactory loss in most patients; v)half of patients completely recovered their olfactory function at 4 weeks; and vi)short time from smell loss to the onset of olfactory recovery, absence of nasal obstruction, and absence of sore/dry/tingling feeling in the nose were significantly related to the chance for complete olfactory recovery. abstract: OBJECTIVES: A high frequency and a strong association of olfactory/gustatory impairment with COVID‐19 were reported. Its spontaneous evolution remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders in COVID‐19 patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study METHODS: A total of 229 patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 from March 1 through 31, 2020 in our institution were included. Among them, 140 patients (mean age, 38.5 years, 89 women) reported sudden olfactory/gustatory disorders during COVID‐19. All patients were interviewed by phone based on a questionnaire with 16 questions at time of survey. The primary end point was olfactory recovery rate at time of survey. RESULTS: The frequency of patients with olfactory disorders was higher before March 20, 2020 than since (70.3% vs 53.9%, respectively) (p=0.016). At time of survey (26 days of the mean time from anosmia onset), 95.71% reported to start an olfactory recovery. The mean time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset was 11.6 days. Recovery started between the 4(th) and the 15(th) day after olfactory loss onset in 78.4% of patients. Complete olfactory recovery happened for 51.43% of patients. There was a significant relationship between the complete olfactory recovery and a short time from olfactory loss onset to recovery onset (p=0.0004), absence of nasal obstruction (p=0.023), and absence of sore/dry/tingling feeling in the nose (p=0.007) in COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of spontaneous evolution of olfactory disorders allows reassuring patients and planning therapeutic strategies for persistent olfactory dysfunction after having definitely recovered from COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28957 doi: 10.1002/lary.28957 id: cord-277260-7se220oz author: Gosain, Rohit title: COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 words: 5926.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277260-7se220oz.txt summary: Since the emergence of the first case in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, tremendous research efforts have been underway to understand the mechanisms of infectivity and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a fatal virus responsible for abysmal survival outcomes. Data from China thus far have shown that cancer patients infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or ICU admission, compared to the general population [9•] . The CALAVI trial will be initiated as a randomized global clinical trial to assess the potential of acalabrutinib in the treatment of the cytokine storm associated with severely ill COVID-19 patients [86] . An exploratory meta-analysis of 32 studies showed evidence of reduced mortality after receiving various doses of convalescent plasma in patients with severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology [92] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged to be the biggest global health threat worldwide, which has now infected over 1.7 million people and claimed more than 100,000 lives around the world. Under these unprecedented circumstances, there are no well-established guidelines for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The risk for serious disease and death in COVID-19 cases increases with advancing age and presence of comorbid health conditions. Since the emergence of the first case in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, tremendous research efforts have been underway to understand the mechanisms of infectivity and transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a fatal virus responsible for abysmal survival outcomes. To minimize the mortality rate, it becomes prudent to identify symptoms promptly and employ treatments appropriately. Even though no cure has been established, multiple clinical trials are underway to determine the most optimal strategy. Managing cancer patients under these circumstances is rather challenging, given their vulnerable status and the aggressive nature of their underlying disease. SUMMARY: In this comprehensive review, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on health and the immune system of those affected, reviewing the latest treatment approaches and ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss challenges faced while treating cancer patients and propose potential approaches to manage this vulnerable population during this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00934-7 doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-00934-7 id: cord-257408-ejhhk1iu author: Goss, Matthew B. title: The Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Experience with COVID‐19: An Initial Multi‐Center, Multi‐Organ Case Series date: 2020-09-18 words: 2294.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257408-ejhhk1iu.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Our multi‐institutional experience suggests the prognoses of pediatric transplant recipients infected with COVID‐19 may mirror those of immunocompetent children, with infrequent hospitalization and minimal treatment, if any, required. Many adult centers (2) (3) (4) have suggested that transplant recipients are at particular risk for an arduous clinical course given their immunocompromised state, though highly associated comorbidities exist as confounders and appear to play a significant role in COVID-19 outcomes for the transplant subpopulation (5) . Data were collected via institutions'' respective electronic medical record systems and were reviewed for patient characteristics, history of recent exposure, timing of presentation, symptomatology, laboratory values, immunosuppression management, antiviral treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes. To date, the bulk of the literature examining COVID-19 following transplant is adult focused, with pediatric reports limited to single patient experiences. Comorbidities associated with a severe COVID-19 clinical phenotype among adult transplant recipients, e.g. hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, (14) are less prevalent in the pediatric population. abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of COVID‐19 in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients remains ambiguous. Though preliminary experiences with adult transplant recipients have been published, literature centered on the pediatric population is limited. We herein report a multi‐center, multi‐organ cohort analysis of COVID‐19 positive transplant recipients ≤ 18 years at time of transplant. METHODS: Data were collected via institutions’ respective electronic medical record systems. Local review boards approved this cross‐institutional study. RESULTS: Among 5 transplant centers, 26 patients (62% male) were reviewed with a median age of 8 years. 6 were heart recipients, 8 kidney, 10 liver, and 2 lung. Presenting symptoms included cough (n=12 (46%)), fever (n=9 (35%)), dry/sore throat (n=3 (12%)), rhinorrhea (n=3 (12%)), anosmia (n=2 (8%)), chest pain (n=2 (8%)), diarrhea (n=2 (8%)), dyspnea (n=1 (4%)), and headache (n=1 (4%)). Six patients (23%) were asymptomatic. No patient required supplemental oxygen, intubation, or ECMO. Eight patients (31%) were hospitalized at time of diagnosis, 3 of whom were already admitted for unrelated problems. Post‐transplant immunosuppression was reduced for only 2 patients (8%). All symptomatic patients recovered within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our multi‐institutional experience suggests the prognoses of pediatric transplant recipients infected with COVID‐19 may mirror those of immunocompetent children, with infrequent hospitalization and minimal treatment, if any, required. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.13868 doi: 10.1111/petr.13868 id: cord-311195-oee19duz author: Gostic, Katelyn title: Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-02-24 words: 8026.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311195-oee19duz.txt summary: Next, we assess the overall effectiveness of a screening program by modeling screening outcomes in a hypothetical population of infected travellers, each with a different time since exposure (and hence a different probability of having progressed through incubation to show detectable symptoms). The probability that an infected person is detectable in a screening program depends on: the incubation period (the time from exposure to onset of detectable symptoms); the proportion of subclinical cases (mild cases that lack fever or cough); the sensitivity of thermal scanners used to detect fever; the fraction of cases aware they have high exposure risk; and the fraction of those cases who would self-report truthfully on a screening questionnaire. First, to estimate the probability that an infected individual would be detected or missed we considered a range of plausible values for the mean incubation time, and the fraction of subclinical Table 1 . abstract: Traveller screening is being used to limit further spread of COVID-19 following its recent emergence, and symptom screening has become a ubiquitous tool in the global response. Previously, we developed a mathematical model to understand factors governing the effectiveness of traveller screening to prevent spread of emerging pathogens (Gostic et al., 2015). Here, we estimate the impact of different screening programs given current knowledge of key COVID-19 life history and epidemiological parameters. Even under best-case assumptions, we estimate that screening will miss more than half of infected people. Breaking down the factors leading to screening successes and failures, we find that most cases missed by screening are fundamentally undetectable, because they have not yet developed symptoms and are unaware they were exposed. Our work underscores the need for measures to limit transmission by individuals who become ill after being missed by a screening program. These findings can support evidence-based policy to combat the spread of COVID-19, and prospective planning to mitigate future emerging pathogens. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32091395/ doi: 10.7554/elife.55570 id: cord-352862-2q4h3bwj author: Goswami, Mridula title: Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date: 2020 words: 3945.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.txt summary: An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and spread at an alarming rate to become a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries. The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by highand low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. 18 The Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (ISPPD) also issued an advisory for oral health professionals and pediatric dentists including C (clean, cover, and confine), O (observe, online, or telephonic consultation as possible), R (restrict to emergency treatment only and all elective treatment to be postponed as far as possible), O (obey), N (no aerosol), and A (avoid). abstract: An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and spread at an alarming rate to become a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries. The COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is highly contagious and is associated with a high mortality rate. The current COVID-19 outbreak has created a major havoc among every strata of the society with a detrimental impact on healthcare professionals, including dentists limiting their capabilities at large. The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by high- and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. The virus survives on environmental surfaces for extended periods of time, including metal and plastic surfaces commonly found in dental offices making it utmost necessary to follow the precautions and recommendations issued by various organizations in order to contain its spread. This article aims to provide the latest knowledge encompassing the various aspects of COVID-19 to pediatric dentists in India. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Goswami M, Sharma S, Kumar G, et al. Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):269–278. url: https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 id: cord-303539-gimz41yb author: Goudouris, Ekaterini S. title: Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19() date: 2020-08-31 words: 3605.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303539-gimz41yb.txt summary: DATA SOURCES: Searches in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles made available in 2020, using the terms "diagnosis" OR "diagnostic" OR "diagnostic tests" OR "tests" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" in the title. 25 Some studies report patients with mild (or even asymptomatic) COVID-19 present lower levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies or may even do not develop detectable levels, while patients with more severe conditions have higher levels of these. 38 The data presented suggest that the diagnosis of COVID-19 should be based on clinical manifestations, contact history, imaging tests, laboratory tests, and not only on serological tests and the search for the genetic material of the virus. The gold standard for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the identification of viral genetic material by RT-PCR, in different samples, with greater sensitivity in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasopharyngeal swab. abstract: OBJECTIVES: This was a non-systematic review of the literature on the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. DATA SOURCES: Searches in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles made available in 2020, using the terms "diagnosis" OR "diagnostic” OR "diagnostic tests" OR "tests" AND "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" in the title. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Tests for the etiological agent identify genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 or humoral responses to it. The gold standard for diagnosis is the identification of viral genome targets by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory tract materials during the first week of symptoms. Serological tests should be indicated from the second week of symptoms onwards. A wide range of different tests is available, with variable sensitivity and specificity, most of which require validation. Laboratory tests such as complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, clotting tests, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, and procalcitonin identify risk of disease with greater severity, thromboembolic complications, myocardial damage, and/or worse prognosis. Imaging tests may be useful for diagnosis, especially when there is a compatible clinical picture, and other tests presented negative results or were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of genetic material of the virus by RT-PCR is the gold standard test, but its sensitivity is not satisfactory. The diagnosis of COVID-19 should be based on clinical data, epidemiological history, tests for etiological diagnosis, and tests to support the diagnosis of the disease and/or its complications. New diagnostic methods with higher sensitivity and specificity, as well as faster results, are necessary. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0021755720301996 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.001 id: cord-280182-615096py author: Govindan, Kannan title: A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-07 words: 5437.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280182-615096py.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280182-615096py.txt summary: Therefore, this paper, for the first time, develops a practical decision support system based on physicians'' knowledge and fuzzy inference system (FIS) in order to help with the demand management in the healthcare supply chain, to reduce stress in the community, to break down the COVID-19 propagation chain, and, generally, to mitigate the epidemic outbreaks for healthcare supply chain disruptions.  Developing a decision support system based on FIS to manage demand in a healthcare supply chain, to break down or decelerate the virus chain, and to control the outbreak of an epidemic to mitigate its impact on the healthcare supply chain  Grouping people (service recipients) based on two criteria, including age and pre-existing diseases (such as diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure) and providing an independent classification method for each group  Evaluating the efficiency of the proposed approach using real world data and its validity by a sensitivity analysis procedure. abstract: Abstract The disasters caused by epidemic outbreaks is different from other disasters due to two specific features: their long-term disruption and their increasing propagation. Not controlling such disasters brings about severe disruptions in the supply chains and communities and, thereby, irreparable losses will come into play. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of these disasters that has caused severe disruptions across the world and in many supply chains, particularly in the healthcare supply chain. Therefore, this paper, for the first time, develops a practical decision support system based on physicians' knowledge and fuzzy inference system (FIS) in order to help with the demand management in the healthcare supply chain, to reduce stress in the community, to break down the COVID-19 propagation chain, and, generally, to mitigate the epidemic outbreaks for healthcare supply chain disruptions. This approach first divides community residents into four groups based on the risk level of their immune system (namely, very sensitive, sensitive, slightly sensitive, and normal) and by two indicators of age and pre-existing diseases (such as diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure). Then, these individuals are classified and are required to observe the regulations of their class. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach was measured in the real world using the information from four users and the results showed the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101967 doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.101967 id: cord-331092-eocse0xa author: Gowrisankar, A. title: Can India develop herd immunity against COVID-19? date: 2020-06-26 words: 2246.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331092-eocse0xa.txt summary: Hence, this paper applies multifractal formalism on COVID-19 data with the notion that country-specific infection rates follow a power law growth behaviour. According to the estimated generalized fractal dimension curves, the effects of drastic containment measures on the pandemic in India indicate that a significant reduction of the infection rate as its population is concern. The analysis made by using practical data shows that the power law kinetics with fractal exponent provides a better fit to the current data for the number of deaths and spared rate compared than the classical epidemiological approach that assumes an exponential growth of the disease [9] [10] [11] [12] . Hence, this paper applies the multifractal formalism on COVID-19 data with the notion that country-specific transmission rates follow a power law growth nature. Short-term predictions of country-specific Covid-19 infection rates based on power law scaling exponents abstract: World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak to be a public health crisis of international concern. Further, it provided advice to the global community that countries should place strong measures to detect disease early, isolate and treat cases, trace contacts and promote “social distancing” measures commensurate with the risk. This study analyses the COVID-19 infection data from the top 15 affected countries in which we observed heterogeneous growth patterns of the virus. Hence, this paper applies multifractal formalism on COVID-19 data with the notion that country-specific infection rates follow a power law growth behaviour. According to the estimated generalized fractal dimension curves, the effects of drastic containment measures on the pandemic in India indicate that a significant reduction of the infection rate as its population is concern. Also, comparison results with other countries demonstrate that India has less death rate or more immunity against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834913/ doi: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00531-4 id: cord-283380-l60yyr6l author: Grabbe, Stephan title: Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID‐19: Do we need to rethink our standards? date: 2020-08-02 words: 2577.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283380-l60yyr6l.txt summary: However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID-19 disease. However, in clinical practice, long-term therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not appear to protect against covid-19 disease or a severe course of the disease [30, 31] . Therefore, the authors recommend that this therapy option should be considered especially in patients with other risk factors for a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Essentially, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases, since the risk of an insufficient therapy of these mostly severe diseases is clearly higher than that of an aggravated course of COVID-19 disease. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: The current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic particularly endangers older people with pre‐existing cardiopulmonary and metabolic conditions. However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID‐19 disease. In principle though, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases because of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. However, since there is currently neither an effective therapy nor corresponding vaccination protection, the indication for a prolonged immunosuppressive therapy should be made with special care. In particular, immunotherapeutic agents that produce long‐term effects (e.g., rituximab) should be used with special caution. In contrast, immunomodulating substances that do not suppress antiviral immunity (e.g. systemic immunoglobulins, doxycycline), or that have intrinsic effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 (calcineurin inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) may be useful alternatives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32743938/ doi: 10.1111/ddg.14194 id: cord-345373-ulsz1d85 author: Grabia, Monika title: The Nutritional and Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus date: 2020-09-30 words: 6943.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345373-ulsz1d85.txt summary: From 6 July to 22 July 2020, the period when the survey was conducted, the following regulations were in force in the country: nose-and-mouth coverings in confined public areas; closure of primary and secondary schools, and institutions of higher education; food and drink establishments were operational with enhanced sanitary measures in place (nose-and-mouth coverings required when not at the table, disinfecting tables, keeping a minimum distance of 1.5 m between patrons); gyms and swimming pools were reopened on 6 June 2020; individuals were allowed to socialise indoors in small groups; in most places, access to specialist medical care was provided at outpatient clinics [3] . Consumption of selected food products during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in Figure 2 and the breakdown by the type of diabetes and gender is included in Supplementary Table S3 . A statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use by the youngest respondents during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.001) was observed. abstract: COVID-19 related restrictions aimed at curbing the spread of the coronavirus result in changes in daily routines and physical activity which can have a negative effect on eating and health habits. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with diabetes and their nutrition and health behaviours. A survey conducted in July 2020 included 124 individuals with type 1 (n = 90) and 2 (n = 34) diabetes mellitus from Poland. To assess nutritional and health behaviours, an online questionnaire covering basic information, anthropometric data, and details regarding physical activity, eating, and hygiene habits was used. Almost 40% of all respondents with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) stated that their disease self-management had significantly improved. Over 60% of all participants declared that they had started eating more nutritious and regular meals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enhanced hygiene, in particular, during the period, a statistically significant increase in hand sanitiser use was reported by respondents (18% vs. 82%, p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that the pandemic had a significant impact on the behaviour of patients with DM. Improved disease self-management and making healthy, informed food and hygiene choices were observed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103013 doi: 10.3390/nu12103013 id: cord-333232-jtck578z author: Graboyes, Evan title: COVID‐19 pandemic and health care disparities in head and neck cancer: Scanning the horizon date: 2020-06-20 words: 2625.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333232-jtck578z.txt summary: Potential drivers of disparate HNC survival resulting from the pandemic include (a) differential access to telemedicine, timely diagnosis, and treatment; (b) implicit bias in initiatives to triage, prioritize, and schedule HNC‐directed therapy; and (c) the marked changes in employment, health insurance, and dependent care. We present four strategies to mitigate these disparities: (a) collect detailed data on access to care by race/ethnicity, income, education, and community; (b) raise awareness of HNC disparities; (c) engage stakeholders in developing culturally appropriate solutions; and (d) ensure that surgical prioritization protocols minimize risk of racial/ethnic bias. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, best practices in health care delivery for head and neck cancer (HNC) have been upended amid urgent efforts to protect patients, providers, and communities while stewarding scarce resources. 29 Third, the marked changes in employment status, health insurance coverage, and dependent care responsibilities may further aggravate racial/ethnic disparities in access to care and treatment for patients with HNC, particularly because workers of color are more likely to have lost employment during the pandemic. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted head and neck cancer (HNC) care delivery in ways that will likely persist long term. As we scan the horizon, this crisis has the potential to amplify preexisting racial/ethnic disparities for patients with HNC. Potential drivers of disparate HNC survival resulting from the pandemic include (a) differential access to telemedicine, timely diagnosis, and treatment; (b) implicit bias in initiatives to triage, prioritize, and schedule HNC‐directed therapy; and (c) the marked changes in employment, health insurance, and dependent care. We present four strategies to mitigate these disparities: (a) collect detailed data on access to care by race/ethnicity, income, education, and community; (b) raise awareness of HNC disparities; (c) engage stakeholders in developing culturally appropriate solutions; and (d) ensure that surgical prioritization protocols minimize risk of racial/ethnic bias. Collectively, these measures address social determinants of health and the moral imperative to provide equitable, high‐quality HNC care. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26345 doi: 10.1002/hed.26345 id: cord-255625-4r6ng57a author: Graffigna, Guendalina title: “Cultivating” acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccination program: Lessons from Italy date: 2020-11-10 words: 630.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255625-4r6ng57a.txt summary: Citizens need to be engaged in a deep process of psychological acceptance, in order to adopt a socially responsible approach to COVID-19 preventive behaviors [4, 5] . Chi-squared and z-tests showed that the percentage of willing people is significantly higher amongst those who agree with the statement ''''I have the primary responsibility for preventing the infection by COVID-19" (63%) when compared with those who disagree (42.6%). Moreover, our data showed that the percentage is higher amongst those people who agree that preventive behaviours are an act of social responsibility (64.1%), when compared to those who don''t agree (24.9%). Engaging citizens towards the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is a urgent challenge that the public health community needs to face. In our opinion, developing a COVID-19 public vaccination program should start from considering people''s attitudes to engage them in an educational campaign focused on fostering the citizens-science alliance. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33121655/ doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.025 id: cord-312114-lcyv211y author: Graichen, Heiko title: The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic–a German perspective date: 2020-05-13 words: 2614.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312114-lcyv211y.txt summary: The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In a time, when all resources are bundled fighting against the virus, the role of Orthopaedics within the Hospital organisation is changing a lot. All team members were informed and trained on those guidelines, however, with the increasing number of Covid-19 positive patients and employees the number of contact persons who also needed to be quarantined became so high, that a routine shift sometimes was not possible. In this new unit, only Covid-19 positive patients with mild symptoms will be bundled and all orthopaedic surgeons will become part of an interdisciplinary team. abstract: Covid-19 is a non-orthopaedic disease but is affecting the community of Orthopaedics as much as every part of our daily living. In this Editorial the different aspects of changes in our routine are described, based on the experience of this Editor in Germany. I will try to give you a bit of background information first, as the situation is very much dependent on the specific phase of the pandemic and your place of work. The experience for an Orthopaedic Surgeon in New York or Madrid may differ from that of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in Singapore, or South Korea. As Europe is, at least at the moment, the most affected continent, it hopefully is an interesting topic for all of you. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Most countries have stopped elective surgeries and by that relegated Orthopaedic surgeons to a minimum of work. Keeping contact to patients with digital tools might be an option to achieve an organised restart after the end of the lock down period and to keep treating patients through that phase. For many Orthopaedic surgeons, the principal task now is being part of an interdisciplinary team that is headed by colleagues from Internal Medicine or Anaesthesiology. Wards from the Orthopaedic department are reorganised as quarantine wards for Covid-19 patients. Worldwide all conferences have been cancelled and nobody knows for how long this will continue. Education now has become fully digital, allowing to present and communicate without real limitations compared to conventional conferences. Some teaching options, such as hands-on workshops, fellowships, etc. are ceased and cannot be replaced by digital options. Due to social distancing families are spending much more time together than before, while some family members, especially the people at risk (elders, ones with a fragile health) cannot be visited for a long time. Get togethers with friends as well as community meetings are completely suspended. For some of them, digital technology is the only option to minimize the problem of social distancing. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. As nobody knows how long these restrictions need to remain in place we have to accept them and work on improving this specific situation by following the rules. Hopefully, a vaccine will be developed in the near future, allowing us to return to a “normal” life. Nevertheless, it will never be like it was before. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.010 doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.010 id: cord-320045-qhk01o9m author: Gralnek, Ian M. title: ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-17 words: 3431.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320045-qhk01o9m.txt summary: esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.com) have joined forces to provide guidance in order to assure the highest level of protection against COVID-19 for both patients and health care personnel. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (www.esge.com) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (www.esgena.org) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. abstract: We are currently living in the throes of the COVID-19 pandemic that imposes a significant stress on health care providers and facilities. Europe is severely affected with an exponential increase in incident infections and deaths. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can be subtle, encompassing a broad spectrum from asymptomatic mild disease to severe respiratory illness. Health care professionals in endoscopy units are at increased risk of infection from COVID-19. Infection prevention and control has been shown to be dramatically effective in assuring the safety of both health care professionals and patients. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ( www.esge.com ) and the European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates ( www.esgena.org ) are joining forces to provide guidance during this pandemic to help assure the highest level of endoscopy care and protection against COVID-19 for both patients and endoscopy unit personnel. This guidance is based upon the best available evidence regarding assessment of risk during the current status of the pandemic and a consensus on which procedures to perform and the priorities on resumption. We appreciate the gaps in knowledge and evidence, especially on the proper strategy(ies) for the resumption of normal endoscopy practice during the upcoming phases and end of the pandemic and therefore a list of potential research questions is presented. New evidence may result in an updated statement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303090/ doi: 10.1055/a-1155-6229 id: cord-274581-mdk7vu36 author: Grande, Giuseppe title: COVID-19 and the Gastrointestinal System: Lesions Beyond the Symptoms? date: 2020-09-24 words: 1138.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274581-mdk7vu36.txt summary: authors: Grande, Giuseppe; Cocca, Silvia; Russo, Salvatore; Mangiafico, Santi; Caruso, Angelo; Pigò, Flavia; Conigliaro, Rita; Bertani, Helga Although the predominant symptoms of this new coronavirus infection are respiratory, the gastrointestinal tract is also significantly involved. In this short report, we will discuss a new and unexpected clinical presentation related to COVID-19 colonization of upper gastrointestinal tract. Although COVID-19 infection has been recognised as a predominant respiratory syndrome, daily clinical experience and latest studies refer also gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement. 9 We present the patient presented with predominant respiratory symptoms correlated with COVID-19 infection, and the onset of acute dysphagia was unexpected and delayed. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms on patients infected with COVID-19 Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the daily hospital care activity for all medical specialists. Although the predominant symptoms of this new coronavirus infection are respiratory, the gastrointestinal tract is also significantly involved. In this short report, we will discuss a new and unexpected clinical presentation related to COVID-19 colonization of upper gastrointestinal tract. url: https://doi.org/10.14309/crj.0000000000000464 doi: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000464 id: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author: Grant, Michael C. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 words: 3435.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt summary: title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries Furthermore, with few included studies (30 in the largest and most recent [12] ), the range of symptoms were limited and the estimates of prevalence are likely to be upwardly biased because only unwell patients (largely those admitted to hospital) were tested in the early phase of the outbreak. We excluded case reports, articles which failed to disaggregate symptoms in adult and paediatric cohorts, studies of patients with prior respiratory infections (e.g. tuberculosis) or co-infections with other viruses (e.g. similar viruses SARS-CoV-1 or HCoV-EMC/2012, etc) and articles which we are unable to translate to English in a timely fashion. Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms abstract: BACKGROUND: To limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, an evidence-based understanding of the symptoms is critical to inform guidelines for quarantining and testing. The most common features are purported to be fever and a new persistent cough, although the global prevalence of these symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with COVID-19 worldwide. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, medRxiv and bioRxiv on 5(th) April 2020 for studies of adults (>16 years) with laboratory test confirmed COVID-19. No language or publication status restrictions were applied. Data were independently extracted by two review authors into standardised forms. All datapoints were independently checked by three other review authors. A random-effects model for pooling of binomial data was applied to estimate the prevalence of symptoms, subgrouping estimates by country. I(2) was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Of 851 unique citations, 148 articles were included which comprised 24,410 adults with confirmed COVID-19 from 9 countries. The most prevalent symptoms were fever (78% [95% CI 75%-81%]; 138 studies, 21,701 patients; I(2) 94%), a cough (57% [95% CI 54%-60%]; 138 studies, 21,682 patients; I(2) 94%) and fatigue (31% [95% CI 27%-35%]; 78 studies, 13,385 patients; I(2) 95%). Overall, 19% of hospitalised patients required non-invasive ventilation (44 studies, 6,513 patients), 17% required intensive care (33 studies, 7504 patients), 9% required invasive ventilation (45 studies, 6933 patients) and 2% required extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (12 studies, 1,486 patients). The mortality rate was 7% (73 studies, 10,402 patients). CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that fever and cough are the most prevalent symptoms of adults infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a large proportion of infected adults which symptoms-alone do not identify. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 id: cord-304356-jyp9gjh9 author: Grant, Rogan A. title: Alveolitis in severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is driven by self-sustaining circuits between infected alveolar macrophages and T cells date: 2020-08-05 words: 7453.0 sentences: 427.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304356-jyp9gjh9.txt summary: We performed single cell RNA-Seq in 5 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from patients with severe COVID-19 within 48 hours of intubation. b. Sankey diagram illustrating relationship between number of BAL samples from participants with COVID-19, other viral pneumonia, non-viral pneumonia (other pneumonia) and non-pneumonia controls 1) enrolled in the SCRIPT study (534 samples), 2) analyzed via flow cytometry (344 samples), 3) bulk RNA-seq on flow-sorted alveolar macrophages (243 samples) and 4) single-cell RNA-seq (6 samples). To define the immune cell profile over the course of severe SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, we analyzed 116 samples from 61 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in our cohort. As our analysis of transcriptomic data from alveolar macrophages suggested that SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is uniquely associated with the activation of pathways induced by interferons, we looked for the expression of type I interferons in our single cell dataset. abstract: Some patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop severe pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]. Distinct clinical features in these patients have led to speculation that the immune response to virus in the SARS-CoV-2-infected alveolus differs from other types of pneumonia [2]. We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 86 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory failure and 252 patients with known or suspected pneumonia from other pathogens and subjected them to flow cytometry and bulk transcriptomic profiling. We performed single cell RNA-Seq in 5 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from patients with severe COVID-19 within 48 hours of intubation. In the majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the onset of mechanical ventilation, the alveolar space is persistently enriched in alveolar macrophages and T cells without neutrophilia. Bulk and single cell transcriptomic profiling suggest SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar macrophages that respond by recruiting T cells. These T cells release interferon-gamma to induce inflammatory cytokine release from alveolar macrophages and further promote T cell recruitment. Our results suggest SARS-CoV-2 causes a slowly unfolding, spatially-limited alveolitis in which alveolar macrophages harboring SARS-CoV-2 transcripts and T cells form a positive feedback loop that drives progressive alveolar inflammation. This manuscript is accompanied by an online resource: https://www.nupulmonary.org/covid-19/ One sentence summary SARS-CoV-2-infected alveolar macrophages form positive feedback loops with T cells in patients with severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.238188 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.05.238188 id: cord-262311-vdbk50pl author: Grant-Kels, Jane M. title: Response to “Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis” date: 2020-04-26 words: 317.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262311-vdbk50pl.txt summary: title: Response to "Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis" A recent Wall Street Journal article reported data compiled from the Global Rheumatology Alliance (a coalition of rheumatologists) that more than five dozen "people taking hydroxychloroquine and other treatments for chronic rheumatologic diseases have become infected with Covid-19, according to an analysis of emerging data that is a sign the drugs may not protect people from the new coronavirus." 8. Risks of Hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 prophylaxis Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962220307283?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.112 id: cord-292544-m7jyydf1 author: Grau-Pujol, Berta title: Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for high-risk healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial date: 2020-07-29 words: 4575.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292544-m7jyydf1.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with hydroxychloroquine against placebo in healthcare workers with high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in reducing their risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease during an epidemic period. As secondary endpoints, we will obtain: i) the SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the PrEP group compared to placebo during the 6 months of follow-up in healthcare workers with negative serology at day 0; ii) the occurrence of any adverse event related with hydroxychloroquine treatment; iii) the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the non-PrEP group, among the total of healthcare workers included in the non-PrEP group during the study period; iv) the risk ratio for the different clinical, analytical and microbiological conditions to develop COVID-19; v) a repository of serum samples obtained from healthcare workers confirmed COVID-19 cases for future research on blood markers to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with hydroxychloroquine against placebo in healthcare workers with high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in reducing their risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease during an epidemic period. As secondary objectives, we would like to: i) assess the efficacy of the use of PrEP with hydroxychloroquine against placebo in healthcare workers with high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in reducing their risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (defined by seroconversion) during an epidemic period, ii) evaluate the safety of PrEP with hydroxychloroquine in adults, iii) describe the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, iv) identify clinical, analytical and microbiological predictors of COVID-19 among healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, v) set up a repository of serum samples obtained from healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for future research on blood markers to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. TRIAL DESIGN: Multicentre double-blind parallel design (ratio 1:1) randomized controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 440 healthcare workers of four Spanish hospitals (Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau of Barcelona, Hospital Plató of Barcelona, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona) will be recruited. Participants are considered to be at high-risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their frequent contact with suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19. For eligibility, healthcare workers with 18 years old or older working at least 3 days a week in a hospital with both negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and serological COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are invited to participate. Participants with any of the following conditions are excluded: pregnancy, breastfeeding, ongoing antiviral, antiretroviral or corticosteroids treatment, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine uptake the last month or any contraindication to hydroxychloroquine treatment. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Intervention group (PrEP): participants will receive the standard of care and will take 400mg of hydroxychloroquine (2 tablets of 200 mg per Dolquine® tablet) daily the first four consecutive days, followed by 400 mg weekly for a period of 6 months. Control group: participants will receive placebo tablets with identical physical appearance to hydroxychloroquine 200 mg (Dolquine®) tablets following the same treatment schedule of the intervention group. Both groups will be encouraged to use the personal protection equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 prevention according to current hospital guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint will be the number of confirmed cases of a COVID-19 (defined by a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 or symptoms compatible with COVID-19 with seroconversion) in the PrEP group compared to the placebo group at any time during the 6 months of the follow-up in healthcare workers with negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology at day 0. As secondary endpoints, we will obtain: i) the SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the PrEP group compared to placebo during the 6 months of follow-up in healthcare workers with negative serology at day 0; ii) the occurrence of any adverse event related with hydroxychloroquine treatment; iii) the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the non-PrEP group, among the total of healthcare workers included in the non-PrEP group during the study period; iv) the risk ratio for the different clinical, analytical and microbiological conditions to develop COVID-19; v) a repository of serum samples obtained from healthcare workers confirmed COVID-19 cases for future research on blood markers to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection. RANDOMISATION: Participants meeting all eligibility requirements will be allocated to one of the two study arms (PrEP with hydroxychloroquine or non-PrEP control group) in a 1:1 ratio using simple randomisation with computer generated random numbers. BLINDING (MASKING): Participants, doctors and nurses caring for participants, and investigators assessing the outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): Each intervention group will have 220 participants, giving a total of 440 participants. TRIAL STATUS: The current protocol version is 1.5, 2(nd) of June 2020. Two hundred and seventy-fiveparticipants were recruited and completed first month follow-up until date. The estimated sample size could not be reached yet due to the declining national epidemic curve. Thus, 275 is the total number of participants included until date. The study has been suspended (26(th) of June) until new epidemic curve occurs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on April 2(nd) 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov with the number NCT04331834. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04621-7 doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04621-7 id: cord-299044-j7txbt1n author: Gravas, Stavros title: Impact of COVID-19 on medical education: introducing homo digitalis date: 2020-08-29 words: 2698.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299044-j7txbt1n.txt summary: Results were analyzed to examine the influence of age, practice region and settings on continuing medical education (CME) of the respondents. To better enhance the continuity of learning for urologists in this time of transition and uncertainty, the Société Internationale d''Urologie (SIU) disseminated a survey to members worldwide, to determine how they are continuing their education in the face of COVID-19. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of podcasts/ AV media (33%), online CME courses/webinars (36%), and social media (33%); all were more common than reporting having no time or interest for continuing medical education (6%; all p values < 0.001). Younger urologists were more likely than expected to use the literature (69%), podcasts/AV media (38%), online CME courses/webinars (40%), and social media (39%) (adjusted standardized residuals = 5.23, 3.99, 2.69, and 5.18, respectively). abstract: PURPOSE: To determine how members of the Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU) are continuing their education in the time of COVID-19. METHODS: A survey was disseminated amongst SIU members worldwide by email. Results were analyzed to examine the influence of age, practice region and settings on continuing medical education (CME) of the respondents. RESULTS: In total, 2494 respondents completed the survey. Internet searching was the most common method of CME (76%; all ps < 0.001), followed by searching journals and textbook including the online versions (62%; all ps < 0.001). Overall, 6% of the respondents reported no time/interest for CME during the pandemic. Although most urologists report using only one platform for their CME (26.6%), the majority reported using ≥ 2 platforms, with approximately 10% of the respondents using up to 5 different platforms. Urologists < 40 years old were more likely to use online literature (69%), podcasts/AV media (38%), online CME courses/webinars (40%), and social media (39%). There were regional variations in the CME modality used but no significant difference in the number of methods by region. There was no significant difference in responses between urologists in academic/public hospitals or private practice. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19, urologists have used web-based learning for their CME. Internet learning and literature were the top frequently cited learning methods. Younger urologists are more likely to use all forms of digital learning methods, while older urologists prefer fewer methods. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860535/ doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03417-3 id: cord-334235-ymsiihwd author: Gray, Belinda title: Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement date: 2020-04-30 words: 1181.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334235-ymsiihwd.txt summary: Abstract In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. However, we have identified areas of consensus among specialists from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Cardiovascular Genetics Diseases Council with regards to managing patients with genetic heart disease in this current COVID-19 pandemic. [4] ; key points as below: o QT interval monitoring for all patients commenced on hydroxychloroquine or when combining anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 o Avoid the use of more than one medication which prolongs the QT interval as far as is possible o If the corrected QT interval (QTc) is consistently >500ms, we recommend consultation with a cardiogenetics expert or an electrophysiologist for guidance on further management to minimise risk of Torsade de Pointes. abstract: Abstract In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from general recommendations, there are specific recommendations for the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome (including in children), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Other recommendations are relevant to patient self-care and primary health care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1443950620301347?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.006 id: cord-352774-dpgk9bvc author: Graziani, A. title: Pulmonary artery thrombosis in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-24 words: 764.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352774-dpgk9bvc.txt summary: Retrospective studies demonstrated that patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) had an elevated D Dimer value and, in this setting, some Authors recommended a therapeutic heparin doses for the patients with higher values [4] . A recent ICU obs ervation reported an increased risk of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in COVID-19 compared to the historical control group even in patients that had undergone the Low Molecular Weight Heparin prophylaxis [5] . CTPA was positive for PE in 37% of COVID 19 patients (14,5 % in pre COVID patients), D-Dimer was associated with a higher prevalence of thromboembolic events and correlated with the degree of PE severity. The Authors observed that this is apparently in contrast with the relatively frequent reports of PE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients It is possible that local thrombi in the lungs may be the cause of pulmonary arterial manifestations [10] . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2531043720301859?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.07.013 id: cord-326834-eeldyj2u author: Graziani, Desirée title: Characteristics and Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with COPD date: 2020-10-12 words: 4367.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326834-eeldyj2u.txt summary: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of coronary ischemia and other factors that put them at risk for COVID-19-related complications. Several observational and case-control studies have confirmed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COPD patients than in the general population, possibly due to the coexistence of common risk factors or an associated pathogenic mechanism [11] . Subsequently, a systematic review and meta-analysis showed that, although the prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 cases was low, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with high rates of severity and mortality in patients with COPD [20] . Most patients admitted for COVID-19 presented pulmonary infiltrates compatible with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and, in some cases, with associated heart failure; this finding markedly differed from patients with COPD exacerbation due to other viral causes. abstract: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of coronary ischemia and other factors that put them at risk for COVID-19-related complications. We aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 in a large population-based sample of patients with COPD in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. We analyzed clinical data in electronic health records from 1 January to 10 May 2020 by using Natural Language Processing through the SAVANA Manager(®) clinical platform. Out of 31,633 COPD patients, 793 had a diagnosis of COVID-19. The proportion of patients with COVID-19 in the COPD population (2.51%; 95% CI 2.33–2.68) was significantly higher than in the general population aged >40 years (1.16%; 95% CI 1.14–1.18); p < 0.001. Compared with COPD-free individuals, COPD patients with COVID-19 showed significantly poorer disease prognosis, as evaluated by hospitalizations (31.1% vs. 39.8%: OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.14–1.18) and mortality (3.4% vs. 9.3%: OR 2.93; 95% CI 2.27–3.79). Patients with COPD and COVID-19 were significantly older (75 vs. 66 years), predominantly male (83% vs. 17%), smoked more frequently, and had more comorbidities than their non-COPD counterparts. Pneumonia was the most common diagnosis among COPD patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 (59%); 19% of patients showed pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia and heart failure. Mortality in COPD patients with COVID-19 was associated with older age and prevalence of heart failure (p < 0.05). COPD patients with COVID-19 showed higher rates of hospitalization and mortality, mainly associated with pneumonia. This clinical profile is different from exacerbations caused by other respiratory viruses in the winter season. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103259 doi: 10.3390/jcm9103259 id: cord-325141-x3txhjkr author: Grech, Victor title: Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese Healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-10-01 words: 3681.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325141-x3txhjkr.txt summary: This study was carried out to ascertain Maltese healthcare workers'' hesitancy to a novel COVID-19 vaccine and correlate this with influenza vaccine uptake. This study was carried out to ascertain Maltese healthcare workers'' hesitancy to a novel COVID-19 vaccine and correlate this with influenza vaccine uptake. (9) This study was carried out in order to ascertain the degree of vaccine hesitancy in Maltese healthcare workers vis-à-vis a putative novel COVID-19 vaccine later this year, and correlate this with influenza vaccination uptake. The increased proportion of Maltese healthcare workers who plan to take the influenza vaccine this year when compared to last winter is probably due to increased awareness of respiratory viral illnesses in general in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proportions of those who are likely/undecided/unlikely (half, quarter, quarter respectively) to take a COVID-19 are similar to rates reported in other countries.(10) The higher male inclination to take the vaccine may be due to a combination of factors which could include the innate male propensity for perceived risk taking in the face of a novel vaccine. abstract: Introduction Vaccine hesitancy is a chronic public health threat. This study was carried out to ascertain Maltese healthcare workers’ hesitancy to a novel COVID-19 vaccine and correlate this with influenza vaccine uptake. Methods A short, anonymous questionnaire was sent out to all of Malta’s government sector healthcare workers via the service’s standard email services (11-19/09/2020). A total of 9,681 questionnaires were posted electronically, with 10.4% response. Results The proportion of Maltese healthcare workers who will take the influenza vaccine increased significantly. Doctors had the highest baseline uptake and highest likely influenza vaccine uptake next winter. The likely/undecided/unlikely to take a COVID-19 vaccine were 52/22/26% respectively. Males were likelier to take the vaccine. Doctors were the occupation with the highest projected vaccine uptake. Likelihood of taking COVID-19 vaccine was directly related to the likelihood of influenza vaccination. Concerns raised were related to insufficient knowledge about such a novel vaccine, especially unknown long term side effects. Discussion The increased uptake of influenza vaccine is probably due to increased awareness of respiratory viral illness. Doctors may have higher vaccine uptakes due to greater awareness and knowledge of vaccine safety. The proportions of who are likely/undecided/unlikely (half, quarter, quarter respectively) to take a COVID-19 are similar to rates reported in other countries. The higher male inclination to take the vaccine may be due the innate male propensity for perceived risk taking. Shared COVID-19 with influenza vaccine hesitancy implies an innate degree of vaccine reluctance/hesitancy and not merely reluctance based on novel vaccine knowledge gap. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378378220306976 doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105213 id: cord-282312-h3h6vw5l author: Greco, Antonio title: Outcomes of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-16 words: 872.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282312-h3h6vw5l.txt summary: 1 COVID-19 is associated with higher case fatality in patients with comorbidities, including those with arterial hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases. 3 It has been hypothesized that the use of ACEIs/ARBs may negatively impact on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients by affecting the expression of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 aminopeptidase (ACE-2), the human receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and web sources up to 7 June 2020 for studies reporting data on the association between ACEI/ARB use and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. When needed, the corresponding authors of the included studies were contacted, and one of them provided additional data that were not available in the original publication. In the unadjusted analysis, the use of ACEIs/ARBs was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.57-1.58; Figure 1A ) or severe disease (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60-1.31). Estimation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS)-inhibitor effect on COVID-19 outcome: a meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa074 doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa074 id: cord-271407-wrhjnz8w author: Greco, Francesco title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality-of-life in uro-oncologic patients: what should we wait for? date: 2020-07-17 words: 2435.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271407-wrhjnz8w.txt summary: From the 1 st March to the 26 th April 2020 as the daily rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units has consistently been between 9% and 11% of all patients who are actively infected, our hospital decided to reduce surgical activity and since then only 3 robot-assisted radical prostatectomies (RARPs) for high-risk prostate cancer were performed at our department. In this study, we focused for the first time in literature on the impact of postponement of surgeries due to COVID-19 emergency on the on health-related quality-of-life of uro-oncologic patients by using the SF-36 questionnaire. Actually, basing on the data concerning the incidence of urologic tumors, it could be hypothesized a further extension in Italy of the waiting list for cancer diseases, which could be subsequently associated to increased risk of psychologic disorders and decrements in health status in the oncological patients. abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) of uro-oncologic patients whose surgery was postponed without being re-scheduled during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: From the 1(st) March to the 26(th) April 2020, major urological surgeries were drastically reduced at our tertiary referral hospital. In order to evaluate the HRQOL outcomes, the SF-36 questionnaire was sent to all patients scheduled for major surgery at our department 3 weeks after the cancellation of the planned surgical procedures due to the COVID-19 emergency. RESULTS: All patients included in the analysis were waiting for surgery since a median time of 52.85 days (IQR 35-72 d). When considering physical characteristics, median PF was 91.5 (IQR 50-100) and median PH was 82.75 (IQR 50- 100) with a median BP of 79.56 (IQR 45-90). Basing on emotional and social aspects, median RE was 36.83 (IQR 0-100) with a median SF of 37.98 (IQR 12.5-90). Mostly of patients reported a loss of energy (median EF 35.28 with an IQR of 15-55) and an increased anxiety (median EWB 47.18 (IQR 20 -75). All patients perceived a reduction of their health conditions with a median GHP of 49.47 (IQR 15-85). Generally, 86% of patients (n=43) referred an almost intact physical function but a significant emotional alteration characterized by a prevalence of anxiety and loss of energy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the lockdown which has impacted most operating rooms in Italy could be responsible for an increased anxiety and decrement in health status of the oncological patients. Without any effective real solution, we should expect a new medical catastrophe which will be caused by an increased risk of tumor progression and mortality in uro-oncologic patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558767320301683?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.07.008 id: cord-293852-r72c6584 author: Greco, S. title: Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-10-31 words: 8163.0 sentences: 468.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293852-r72c6584.txt summary: Different studies found that the values of cardiac Troponins were increased in COVID-19 patients with more severe disease [4, 5, [68] [69] [70] , indicating an association of SARS-CoV-2 with myocardial damage. Moreover, the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) approach has been used to profile the SARS-CoV-2 host-response in the PBMCs of COVID-19 patients, and to comprehensively characterize the immunological changes [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] . However, SARS-CoV-2 infection of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) induced cytotoxic effects and RNA-seq findings highlighted significant transcriptional changes in gene pathways related to cellular metabolism and immune response [131] [132] [133] . This analysis also revealed several host-derived lncRNAs differentially expressed in COVID-19 patient-derived lung tissue, and in SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial cells, including MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) and NEAT1 (nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1) [151] (Fig. 5) . abstract: COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory, many patients also display acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. Understanding both direct and indirect damage caused to the heart and the vascular system by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary to identify optimal clinical care strategies. The homeostasis of the cardiovascular system requires a tight regulation of the gene expression, which is controlled by multiple types of RNA molecules, including RNA encoding proteins (messenger RNAs) (mRNAs) and those lacking protein-coding potential, the noncoding-RNAs. In the last few years, dysregulation of noncoding-RNAs has emerged as a crucial component in the pathophysiology of virtually all cardiovascular diseases. Here we will discuss the potential role of noncoding RNAs in COVID-19 disease mechanisms and their possible use as biomarkers of clinical use. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33129318/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02582-8 id: cord-294969-57xgqf2g author: Green, Bart N. title: Rapid Deployment of Chiropractic Telehealth at 2 Worksite Health Centers in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations from the Field date: 2020-06-11 words: 5987.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294969-57xgqf2g.txt summary: Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the rapid deployment of remote musculoskeletal care through telehealth, particularly using real time video conferencing, for chiropractic services integrated in 2 health centers located on 2 campuses of a large company in California. There were 3 distinct challenges to operationalizing remote RTVCs: (1) the chiropractors had to conduct their part of the visits from their homes; (2) the patients had to access visits from home; and (3) there was no direct contact with the interprofessional provider team, health center management, or technical support. The setting and context of the WSHC environment is a key part of how we have operationalized the use of chiropractic RTVCs. The interprofessional collaborative team that staffs the health center greatly facilitates the ability to transition rapidly from in-clinic care to RTVCs. The providers have a regular practice of working as a team. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the rapid deployment of telehealth, particularly real time video conference, for chiropractic services as a response to COVID-19. METHODS: Two health centers at 2 campuses of a large California corporation have chiropractic care integrated into physical medicine services. Care was suspended beginning on March 17, 2020 to prevent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients and staff. On March 19, the Governor of California issued a stay at home order. With musculoskeletal problems being common in the employee patient population, telehealth services were quickly developed to continue chiropractic care for patients. Using existing infrastructure, several members of the health center team developed chiropractic telehealth operations within 2 days. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal telehealth services included examinations, risk assessment, advice, and rehabilitative exercises. These telehealth visits facilitated care that would have otherwise been unavailable to employees. Patients reported that the appointments were helpful, addressed their concerns, and provided a safe method to see their doctor. Regular interprofessional teamwork and relations between the clinic operator and client company were key contributors to operationalizing this service in our integrated healthcare environment. CONCLUSION: We were able to quickly implement real time video conferencing and other forms of telehealth for chiropractic services at 2 worksite health centers. This paper includes information and insights to providers about setting up similar telehealth systems so they may also provide this benefit for patients in their communities during pandemics or disasters. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.008 id: cord-284851-gtdyexp1 author: Green, Jon title: Elusive consensus: Polarization in elite communication on the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-10 words: 2786.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284851-gtdyexp1.txt summary: We examine polarization in cues sent to the public by current members of the U.S. House and Senate during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, measuring polarization as the ability to correctly classify the partisanship of tweets'' authors based solely on the text and the dates they were sent. We find further evidence of polarization in elite communication regarding the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of natural language processing and machine learning techniques, which en-able us to correctly classify the partisanship of 76% of tweets based solely on the text features they contain and the dates they were sent. Plot (B) shows the increases of political ideology of members of Congress by the median predicted probability of their test set tweets being authored by a Republican. Our analysis of tweets sent by members of Congress during the early months of the outbreak indicates that members quickly polarized around the issue, with Democrats discussing the issue earlier, more frequently, and with more emphasis on public health and direct aid to affected workers. abstract: Cues sent by political elites are known to influence public attitudes and behavior. Polarization in elite rhetoric may hinder effective responses to public health crises, when accurate information and rapid behavioral change can save lives. We examine polarization in cues sent to the public by current members of the U.S. House and Senate during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, measuring polarization as the ability to correctly classify the partisanship of tweets’ authors based solely on the text and the dates they were sent. We find that Democrats discussed the crisis more frequently–emphasizing threats to public health and American workers–while Republicans placed greater emphasis on China and businesses. Polarization in elite discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in mid-February—weeks after the first confirmed case in the United States—and continued into March. These divergent cues correspond with a partisan divide in the public’s early reaction to the crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2717 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc2717 id: cord-343978-w1fsu787 author: Greene, E A title: Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 4256.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343978-w1fsu787.txt summary: A series of infographics, webinars, and podcasts (three in each category) were created to provide guidance on essential care of horses, emergency preparedness, financial assistance, legal concerns, and biosecurity during the crucial, initial weeks of the pandemic (March-April, 2020). The group decided on a coordinated effort to create and share infographics, webinars, and podcasts addressing COVID-19 related issues pertinent to equine clientele across the nation. Three infographics were developed and were disseminated between March 31 and April 2 (Table 1) providing COVID-19-related information impacting horse owners/businesses. The EH members agreed that the financial impact of COVID-19 on equine businesses was a primary concern of the horse industry, which was reflected by the extensive reach and sharing of the financial assistance webinar Facebook announcement. The podcast content provides the listeners with examples of how the various barn owners and veterinarians were responding to restrictions, mandates, and personal safety related to COVID-19 and equine businesses. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting stay-at-home directives, adopted out of necessity to protect human health, introduced significant challenges for horse owners and small equine businesses. Restricted access, and in many cases closure of barns, resulted in a multitude of questions and concerns within the equine community which needed to be addressed rapidly. Extension Horses, Inc. (EH) coordinated the development and delivery of a variety of educational resources utilizing a combination of online formats and dissemination through social media and EH member contact lists. A series of infographics, webinars, and podcasts (three in each category) were created to provide guidance on essential care of horses, emergency preparedness, financial assistance, legal concerns, and biosecurity during the crucial, initial weeks of the pandemic (March-April, 2020). Web conferencing technology (Zoom) was used to facilitate discussion and task delegation among EH members and to conduct and record webinars and podcasts. Podcasts were hosted on Buzzsprout and infographics were created using Adobe InDesign. Live webinar participants were invited to participate in several polls during the webinar and were sent a brief survey to complete at the end of the webinar series. Analytics for all educational resources combined demonstrated a 32-day total direct reach of 135,563. Most live webinar participants identified themselves as horse owners and small equine business owners (55%). The majority of live webinar participants indicated the information was useful (99%), and they would utilize the resources they had learned about (80%). Survey respondents said that Facebook, email, and word of mouth were key ways in which they learned about the webinars. The same survey found that the web-platform was an effective method to receive information (85% high satisfaction) and respondents were highly likely to recommend future EH webinars to others (88%). The three infographics had a total Facebook reach of 131,765, the webinars had 3,522 total views, and the three podcasts had 276 total downloads. The rapid response of EH and quick turnaround of products allowed a large online audience to receive vital information for coping with COVID-19. Having the established EH network, already familiar with virtual education, was a big asset in this effort. This can serve as a model for cooperative extension to utilize in future collaborative responses to industry issues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728659/ doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa085 id: cord-267257-kwy9puxo author: Greenhalgh, Sue title: Safety netting; best practice in the face of uncertainty date: 2020-05-12 words: 2288.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267257-kwy9puxo.txt summary: Screening for Red Flags and any indication of a serious cause of symptoms is always first line in any consultation, however, clinical presentations are not always black and white with patients falling into a clear diagnostic category. Safety netting advice in the current pandemic must include red flags to be aware of and clearly articulate potential risks and consequences of not seeking timely health care for serious conditions. Almond confirms the safety net advice should include specific clinical features (red flags) that the patient should be aware of, along with time scale for symptom development as well as the time and location for health seeking. Within this future musculoskeletal practice model, whether consultations are remote or face to face, we need to consider the process of safety netting to be best practice in any physiotherapy setting to facilitate early presentation with a serious condition. abstract: Safety netting is a recognised General Practitioner (GP) diagnostic strategy often used in the face of uncertainty to help ensure that a patient with unresolved or worsening symptoms knows when and how to access further advice. It is an important way of reducing clinical risk. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid move to mainly remote consultations within the musculoskeletal field, safety netting is an important strategy to embed within all consultations. Only those presenting with potentially serious conditions are offered face to face consultations. Screening for Red Flags and any indication of a serious cause of symptoms is always first line in any consultation, however, clinical presentations are not always black and white with patients falling into a clear diagnostic category. With patients minds more focussed on COVID-19 symptoms this can be problematic. With the additional ramifications of public health social restrictions, onward management can be a conundrum. Many people with risk factors of serious pathology are also as a consequence, vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. In situations of uncertain clinical presentations, to avoid unnecessary social contact, safety netting can help to monitor symptoms over time until the clinical context becomes more certain. Embedding safety netting within physiotherapy best practice could be a silver lining in this pandemic black cloud. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102179 doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102179 id: cord-296208-uy1r6lt2 author: Greenspan, Hayit title: Position paper on COVID-19 imaging and AI: from the clinical needs and technological challenges to initial AI solutions at the lab and national level towards a new era for AI in healthcare date: 2020-08-19 words: 8008.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296208-uy1r6lt2.txt summary: We focus on three specific use-cases for which AI systems can be built: early disease detection, management in a hospital setting, and building patient-specific predictive models that require the combination of imaging with additional clinical data. Many studies have emerged in the last several months from the medical imaging community with many research groups as well as companies introducing deep learning based solutions to tackle the various tasks: mostly in detection of the disease (vs normal), and more recently also for staging disease severity. In Section 2 of this paper we focus on three specific use-cases for which AI systems can be built: detection, patient management, and predictive models in which the imaging is combined with additional clinical features. Rapid ai development cycle for the coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic: Initial results for automated detection and patient monitoring using deep learning ct image analysis abstract: In this position paper, we provide a collection of views on the role of AI in the COVID-19 pandemic, from clinical requirements to the design of AI-based systems, to the translation of the developed tools to the clinic. We highlight key factors in designing system solutions - per specific task; as well as design issues in managing the disease at the national level. We focus on three specific use-cases for which AI systems can be built: early disease detection, management in a hospital setting, and building patient-specific predictive models that require the combination of imaging with additional clinical data. Infrastructure considerations and population modeling in two European countries will be described. This pandemic has made the practical and scientific challenges of making AI solutions very explicit. A discussion concludes this paper, with a list of challenges facing the community in the AI road ahead. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32890777/ doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101800 id: cord-323661-rss9litb author: Gressenberger, Paul title: Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences date: 2020-10-06 words: 1440.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323661-rss9litb.txt summary: title: Significant increase in the incidence of high-risk pulmonary embolism during the COVID-19 shutdown: the pandemic response causes serious collateral consequences By retrospective data analysis we explored the incidence of PE patients, defined as high-risk according to the 2019 ESC-guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute PE at our emergency department in the period from March 16 to April 30, 2020 (forty-six days) during 3 the countrywide shutdown that was initiated by the Austrian government. The main finding of our retrospective data analysis was a significant increase in hospital admissions of patients with life-threatening high-risk PE during the shut-down period (March 4 16 -April 30, 2020; 33.3%) compared to both the period before the shutdown in 2020 ("control period 1"; 3.8%, p=0.011) and the same time period in 2019 ("control period 2"; 0%, p=0.003) (Table 1) (Figure 1 ). In conclusion, delayed hospital admission led to a significant increase in high-risk PE patients during the COVID-19 shutdown in Austria. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953620520303848?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.10.007 id: cord-311942-oju4gosw author: Grewal, Parneet title: Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: Experience From a Comprehensive Stroke Center in Midwest US date: 2020-08-20 words: 2743.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311942-oju4gosw.txt summary: Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and COVID-19 to our comprehensive stroke center in Chicago, IL, between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Data on the potential increased risk of stroke in COVID19 has not yet been reported in racially diverse patient populations such as Latinos and African-Americans (4, 5) . In this manuscript, we report clinical and laboratory characteristics along with outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who presented to our comprehensive stroke center in Chicago, IL, between March 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. These included age, gender, ethnicity, pre-existing vascular risk factors, admission vital signs, laboratory values, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and at discharge (or at the time of data collection for patients still hospitalized). "COVID" group had more Abbreviations: SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome virus; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 19; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. abstract: Background: COVID-19 has been associated with increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism including ischemic stroke. We report on patients with acute ischemic stroke and concomitant COVID-19 in a diverse patient population. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and COVID-19 to our comprehensive stroke center in Chicago, IL, between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. We reviewed stroke characteristics, etiologies, and composite outcomes. We then compared our cohort with historic patients with AIS without COVID-19 admitted in the same time frame in 2019 and 2020. Results: Out of 13 patients with AIS and COVID-19, Latinos and African-Americans compromised the majority of our cohort (76.8%), with age ranging from 31–80 years. Most strokes were cortical (84.6%) and more than 50% of patients had no identifiable source, and were categorized as embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS). A trend toward less alteplase administration was noted in the COVID-19 stroke patients compared to the non-COVID group from 2020 and 2019 (7.1 vs. 20.7% p 0.435 and 7.1 vs. 27.2% p 0.178). Endovascular thrombectomy was performed in 3 (23%) patients. Systemic thrombotic complications occurred in 3 (23%) COVID-19 AIS patients. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale at discharge were 11 (IQR 4–23) and 4 (IQR 3–4), respectively. In the logistic regression model corrected for age and sex, COVID-19 was associated with discharge to mRS > 2 (p 0.046, OR 3.82, CI 1.02–14.3). Eight patients (63.8%) were discharged home or to acute rehabilitation, and two deceased from COVID-19 complications. Conclusion: AIS in the setting of COVID-19 is associated with worse outcomes, especially among African-American and Latino populations. Large vessel disease with ESUS was common suggesting an increased risk of coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction as a potential etiology. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00910 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00910 id: cord-292721-954nxptr author: Grey, Ian title: The Role of Perceived Social Support on Depression and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-18 words: 4649.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292721-954nxptr.txt summary: A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). In light of the foregoing discussion, the primary objective of our study was to comprehensively examine the role of perceived social support in relation to depression, anxiety, irritability and sleep quality amongst individuals undergoing social isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak. The first step in the analysis involved comparing scores for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), irritability (BITe), loneliness (UCLA-LS) and perceived social support (MSPSS) between those who reported being in quarantine/expiring selfisolation and those who were not. In the current study, perceived social support was observed to have significant inverse associations with anxiety, depression, loneliness, irritability and quality of sleep with higher levels of support related to lower scores on measures of these specific outcomes. abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the role of perceived social support pertaining to a range of psychological health outcomes amongst individuals undergoing social isolation and social distancing during COVID-19. A total of 2,020 participants provided responses to an online cross-sectional survey comprised of validated instruments including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). Individuals experiencing self-isolation had significantly higher rates of depression, irritability and loneliness compared to those who were not. The risk for elevated levels of depression symptoms was 63% lower in individuals who reported higher levels of social support compared to those with low perceived social support. Similarly, those with high social support had a 52% lower risk of poor sleep quality compared to those with low social support. Social support was found to be significantly associated with elevated risk for depression and sleep quality. The results contribute to our understanding of differential psychological outcomes for individuals experiencing anti-pandemic measures. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120331139 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113452 id: cord-251957-luw8m3eq author: Griffin, Claire L. title: Aortic Disease in the Time of COVID: Repercussions on Patient Care at an Academic Aortic Center date: 2020-04-30 words: 1402.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251957-luw8m3eq.txt summary: Here we describe the modifications we have implemented in clinical care provided by the 8 multidisciplinary Aortic Disease Program at our large regional referral institution to address the 9 challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately given the rapid escalation of this worldwide pandemic, we do not 19 have the luxury of waiting for definitive data regarding the effects of COVID-19 on the 20 cardiovascular system-we must proceed in the face of this uncertainty to continue to take care 21 of patients. We have also considered altering our operative plan for patients with aortic disease in need of 13 high-risk operations to take into consideration the current and projected constrained resources of 14 our hospital system due to the pandemic. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During 17 the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360374/ doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.487 id: cord-349428-i2s41kl7 author: Griffin, Ian title: The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Labor and Delivery, Newborn Nursery, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prospective Observational Data from a Single Hospital System date: 2020-06-13 words: 4416.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349428-i2s41kl7.txt summary: The study population consisted of maternal-infant dyads whose mothers were identified to be either COVID-19 positive or persons under investigation (PUI) before their admission to labor and delivery (L&D) or at any time before their discharge. Obstetric patients who were COVID-19 positive or PUIs were cared for in a designated suite of single-person airborne infection isolation (AIIRs) negative pressure rooms separate from the main L&D unit through delivery and the postpartum period, while awaiting testing for COVID-19 or if they had tested positive for COVID-19. If a mother tested positive for COVID-19 and newborn infants had been immediately separated at birth from their mother, neonatal isolation precautions were suspended after two negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nasopharyngeal swab tests, performed at 48 hours and at 5 days of life, respectively. abstract: Objective Since its emergence in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus that causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread globally. Within the United States, some of the most affected regions have been New York, and Northern New Jersey. Our objective is to describe the impact of COVID-19 in a large delivery service in Northern New Jersey, including its effects on labor and delivery (L&D), the newborn nursery, and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Materials and Methods Between April 21, 2020 and May 5, 2020, a total of 78 mothers (3.6% of deliveries) were identified by screening history or examination to either be COVID-19 positive or possible positives (persons under investigation). Of the mothers who were tested after admission to L&D, 28% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Discussion Isolation between mother and infant was recommended in 62 cases, either because the mother was positive for SARS-CoV-2 or because the test was still pending. Fifty-four families (87%) agreed to isolation and separation. The majority of infants, 51 (94%), were initially isolated on the newborn nursery. Six needed NICU admission. No infants had clinical evidence of symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Fourteen infants whose mothers were positive for SARS-CoV-2, and who had been separated from the mother at birth were tested for SARS-CoV-2 postnatally. All were negative. Results COVID-19 posed a significant burden to mothers, infants, and staff over the 5-week study period. The yield from screening mothers for COVID-19 on L&D was high. Most families accepted the need for postnatal isolation and separation of mother and newborn. Conclusion Our study suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to her fetus/newborn seems to be uncommon if appropriate separation measures are performed at birth. Key Points: The yield of targeted testing for SARS-CoV-2, on mothers on Labor and Delivery is high. Agreement to separation of mothers and infants to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was high. The incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 in newborns is low, if appropriate separation occurs at birth. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32534458/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713416 id: cord-322336-ktxi3v3a author: Griffin, John H. title: COVID‐19 hypothesis: Activated protein C for therapy of virus‐induced pathologic thromboinflammation date: 2020-06-12 words: 1707.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322336-ktxi3v3a.txt summary: In preclinical studies, activated protein C (APC) provides negative feedback downregulation of excessive inflammation and thrombin generation, attenuates damage caused by ischemia‐reperfusion in many organs including lungs, and reduces death caused by bacterial pneumonia. APC, activated protein C; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for reducing death due to pneumonia and sepsis. Taken together, these preclinical studies imply that APC''s cell-signaling actions may reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced damage in severely ill patients with COVID-19 involving pneumonia, lung inflammation, pulmonary hypoxemia, and some other organ pathologies. Thus, we hypothesize that 3K3A-APC, which has been demonstrated to be safe in humans when given as repeated boluses over 2 days, 22, 23 would be a beneficial therapy of appropriately selected patients with COVID-19 at risk of serious illness and death because it would reduce uncontrolled inflammation and endothelial and epithelial dysfunction and would attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in lungs and/or other organs. abstract: Seriously ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) at risk for death exhibit elevated cytokine and chemokine levels and D‐dimer, and they often have comorbidities related to vascular dysfunctions. In preclinical studies, activated protein C (APC) provides negative feedback downregulation of excessive inflammation and thrombin generation, attenuates damage caused by ischemia‐reperfusion in many organs including lungs, and reduces death caused by bacterial pneumonia. APC exerts both anticoagulant activities and direct cell‐signaling activities. Preclinical studies show that its direct cell‐signaling actions mediate anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic actions, mortality reduction for pneumonia, and beneficial actions for ischemia‐reperfusion injury. The APC mutant 3K3A‐APC, which was engineered to have diminished anticoagulant activity while retaining cell‐signaling actions, was safe in phase 1 and phase 2 human trials. Because of its broad spectrum of homeostatic effects in preclinical studies, we speculate that 3K3A‐APC merits consideration for clinical trial studies in appropriately chosen, seriously ill patients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12362 doi: 10.1002/rth2.12362 id: cord-294429-isivkz8b author: Grifoni, Alba title: Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals date: 2020-05-20 words: 10250.0 sentences: 589.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294429-isivkz8b.txt summary: To test for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses following infection, we initially recruited 20 adult patients who had recovered from COVID-19 disease ( Table 1) . Initial definition and assessment of human antigen-specific SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses are best made with direct ex vivo T cell assays using broad-based epitope pools, such as MPs, and assays capable of detecting T cells of unknown cytokine polarization and functional attributes. Data from both the epitope MPs and protein peptide pool experiments can be interpreted in the context of previously reported T cell response immunodominance patterns observed for other coronaviruses, particularly the SARS and MERS viruses, which have been studied in humans, HLA-transgenic mice, wild-type mice and other species. (C) Correlation of SARS-CoV-2−specific CD4 + T cells detected using the epitope prediction approach (CD4_R MP) compared against the sum total of all antigen pools of overlapping peptides (excluding spike), run with samples from the same donors in two different experiment series. abstract: Summary Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide ‘megapools’, circulating SARS-CoV-2−specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in ∼70% and 100% of COVID-19 convalescent patients, respectively. CD4+ T cell responses to spike, the main target of most vaccine efforts, were robust and correlated with the magnitude of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA titers. The M, spike and N proteins each accounted for 11-27% of the total CD4+ response, with additional responses commonly targeting nsp3, nsp4, ORF3a and ORF8, among others. For CD8+ T cells, spike and M were recognized, with at least eight SARS-CoV-2 ORFs targeted. Importantly, we detected SARS-CoV-2−reactive CD4+ T cells in ∼40-60% of unexposed individuals, suggesting cross-reactive T cell recognition between circulating ‘common cold’ coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32473127/ doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 id: cord-292295-57copxdc author: Grigoletto, Isis title: Recovery after COVID-19: The potential role of pulmonary rehabilitation date: 2020-07-19 words: 956.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292295-57copxdc.txt summary: Data from studies that investigated the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function and exercise capacity demonstrated impairment in lung function in up to 23% of patients at 1-year follow up as well as a reduction in exercise capacity when compared to predicted values in a normal population. 7, 8 Given the intensive medical management for people with severe/critical COVID-19, which can include prolonged mechanical ventilation, sedation, and use of neuromuscular blocking agents, this specific population may be at high risk of developing intensive care unit acquired weakness: a disease that has long-term effects on symptoms and physical function. The 1-year impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in a cohort of survivors Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivors abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413355520305608 doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.07.002 id: cord-311694-2b2swi0l author: Grima, Simon title: A Country Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement Model date: 2020-10-09 words: 5792.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311694-2b2swi0l.txt summary: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement (PREM) model to determine the factors that affect a country''s prospective vulnerability to a pandemic risk exposure also considering the current COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The developed PREM model shows that monitoring of Demographic Features, Country''s Activity Features, Economic Exposure and Societal Vulnerability can help a country to identify the possible impact of pandemic risk exposure and develop policies, strategies, regulations, etc., to help a country strengthen its capacity to meet the economic, social and in turn healthcare demands due to pandemic hazards such as COVID-19. 66 The recent study of measuring the economic risk of COVID-19 has computed measures for exposure (population, night-time light and transport density), vulnerability (data on economic outcomes, human development, tourism, and health quality) and resilience (Internet access, public and private debt, government expenditure, sociocultural disparity) of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement (PREM) model to determine the factors that affect a country’s prospective vulnerability to a pandemic risk exposure also considering the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: To develop the model, drew up an inventory of possible factor variables that might expose a country’s vulnerability to a pandemic such as COVID-19. This model was based on the analysis of existing literature and consultations with some experts and associations. To support the inventory of selected possible factor variables, we have conducted a survey with participants sampled from people working in a risk management environment carrying out a risk management function. The data were subjected to statistical analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha to determine and group these factor variables and determine their reliability, respectively. This enabled the development of the PREM model. To eliminate possible bias, hierarchical regression analysis was carried out to examine the effect of the “Level of Experienced Hazard of the Participant (LEH)” considering also the “Level of Expertise and Knowledge about Risk and Risk Management (LEK)”. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis loaded best on four factors from 19 variables: Demographic Features, Country’s Activity Features, Economic Exposure and Societal Vulnerability (i.e. the PREM Model). This model explains 65.5% of the variance in the level of experienced hazard (LEH). Additionally, we determined that LEK explains only about 2% of the variance in LEH. CONCLUSION: The developed PREM model shows that monitoring of Demographic Features, Country’s Activity Features, Economic Exposure and Societal Vulnerability can help a country to identify the possible impact of pandemic risk exposure and develop policies, strategies, regulations, etc., to help a country strengthen its capacity to meet the economic, social and in turn healthcare demands due to pandemic hazards such as COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s270553 doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s270553 id: cord-286523-4ip8er0h author: Grippaudo, Francesca Romana title: The impact of COVID-19 in plastic surgery departments: a comparative retrospective study in a COVID-19 and in a non-COVID-19 hospital date: 2020-08-26 words: 3134.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286523-4ip8er0h.txt summary: Most of the Italian plastic surgery wards faced a reduction in beds and theatres to enable hospitals to free up healthcare staff to provide medical care for patients in other areas, given the need for a change in work organization to comply with limited outpatient clinic activities and reduced theatre availability for all hospitalization typologies and to cope with new pre-hospitalization modalities to screen up COVID-19 positive patients among the ones scheduled for surgery. Are you in contact with anyone who has been confirmed to be COVID-19 posiƟve, or that are in quaranƟne for exposure to Study data shows the effects of the consequence of cancellation of plastic surgery elective surgeries in both hospitals during the lockdown, when the operating theatre was available only for such urgent procedures as melanoma or melanoma and SLNB removal or for post-traumatic reconstruction in PU1. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a new human-infecting coronavirus for which the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic. The first Italian cases occurred in February 2020: since then, there has been an exponential increase in new cases, hospitalizations and intensive care assistance demand. This new and sudden scenario led to a forced National Health System reorganization and review of welfare priorities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of this pandemic on ordinary activities in two plastic surgery divisions in Rome, hosted in a COVID-19 and a non-COVID-19 hospital. METHODS: The data of this comparative retrospective study was collected between 9 March and 9 April 2019 and the same period of 2020 from two plastic surgery units, one in a COVID-19 hospital and second in a non-COVID-19 hospital in Rome, Italy. The 2019–2020 data of the two hospitals was compared regarding the number of surgeries, post-operative dressings and first consultations performed. RESULTS: Both units sustained a decrease in workload due to lockdown effects. Statistically significant differences for day surgery procedures (p value = 0.0047) and first consultations (p value < 0.0001) were found between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 institutes, with a drastic trend limiting non-urgent access to COVID-19 hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term effects of healthcare reshuffling in the “COVID-19 era” imply a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer and cancellation of many reconstructive procedures. These findings pose a question on the future consequences of a long-term limitation in plastic surgery healthcare. Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-020-01725-w doi: 10.1007/s00238-020-01725-w id: cord-355898-hlkwwaqe author: Grippo, Antonello title: Electroencephalography during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: practical recommendations from the task force of the Italian Society of Neurophysiology (SINC), the Italian League Against Epilepsy (LICE), and the Italian Association of Neurophysiology Technologists (AITN) date: 2020-07-21 words: 3948.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355898-hlkwwaqe.txt summary: METHODS: Presidents of SINC, LICE, and AITN endorsed three members per each society to formulate recommendations: classification of the degree of urgency of EEG clinical indications, management and behavior of physicians and neurophysiology technologists, hygiene and personal protection standards, and use of technical equipment. the neurological specialist assesses the clinical need and establishes the appropriate timing of all EEG studies in COVID+/COVID-uncertain patients, in collaboration with the team of clinicians involved in direct care; if the NPT staff is limited, the neurological specialist assesses the appropriateness of all EEG requests, regardless of COVID-19 status; the possibility of performing a prolonged EEG recording rather than repeated standard EEG examinations (20-30 min) is examined beforehand, depending on the request, in order to reduce overall NPT efforts and the contact time of COVID+/COVID-uncertain patients; the usefulness/necessity of standard activation procedures, particularly hyperventilation, is carefully assessed in the individual case. abstract: BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 lockdown, non-urgent medical procedures were suspended. Grade of urgency of electroencephalography (EEG) may vary according to the clinical indication, setting, and status of infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. “Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology” (SINC), “Italian League Against Epilepsy” (LICE), and the “Italian Association of Neurophysiology Technologists” (AITN) aimed to provide clinical and technical recommendation for EEG indications and recording standards in this pandemic era. METHODS: Presidents of SINC, LICE, and AITN endorsed three members per each society to formulate recommendations: classification of the degree of urgency of EEG clinical indications, management and behavior of physicians and neurophysiology technologists, hygiene and personal protection standards, and use of technical equipment. RESULTS: Scientific societies endorsed a paper conveying the recommendation for EEG execution in accordance with clinical urgency, setting (inpatients/outpatients), status of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (positive, negative and uncertain), and phase of governmental restrictions (phase 1 and 2). Briefly, in phase 1, EEG was recommended only for those acute/subacute neurological symptoms where EEG is necessary for diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy. Outpatient examinations should be avoided in phase 1, while they should be recommended in urgent cases in phase 2 when they could prevent an emergency room access. Reduction of staff contacts must be encouraged through rescheduling job shifts. The use of disposable electrodes and dedicated EEG devices for COVID-19-positive patients are recommended. CONCLUSIONS: During the different phases of COVID-19 pandemic, the EEG should be reserved for patients really benefiting from its execution in terms of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and avoidance of emergency room access. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04585-1 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04585-1 id: cord-288421-sgzg7ndp author: Grobler, Corlia title: Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes date: 2020-07-21 words: 10516.0 sentences: 605.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288421-sgzg7ndp.txt summary: title: Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). One cause of depleted platelet numbers might be because of an increase in circulating biomarkers (including fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and VWF) that may directly bind to platelet receptors, followed by platelet hyperactivation and aggregation. We first discuss how fibrin(ogen) D-dimer, VWF and P-selectin interact with platelets, endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Ligand binding, including fibrin(ogen) and D-dimer to platelet receptors, followed by the activation of signalling pathways, leads to the secretion of molecules stored in these granules. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced infection, is strongly associated with various coagulopathies that may result in either bleeding and thrombocytopenia or hypercoagulation and thrombosis. Thrombotic and bleeding or thrombotic pathologies are significant accompaniments to acute respiratory syndrome and lung complications in COVID-19. Thrombotic events and bleeding often occur in subjects with weak constitutions, multiple risk factors and comorbidities. Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Central to the activity of these biomarkers are their receptors and signalling pathways on endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes. In this review, we discuss vascular implications of COVID-19 and relate this to circulating biomarker, endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet dysfunction. During the progression of the disease, these markers may either be within healthy levels, upregulated or eventually depleted. Most significant is that patients need to be treated early in the disease progression, when high levels of VWF, P-selectin and fibrinogen are present, with normal or slightly increased levels of D-dimer (however, D-dimer levels will rapidly increase as the disease progresses). Progression to VWF and fibrinogen depletion with high D-dimer levels and even higher P-selectin levels, followed by the cytokine storm, will be indicative of a poor prognosis. We conclude by looking at point-of-care devices and methodologies in COVID-19 management and suggest that a personalized medicine approach should be considered in the treatment of patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708334/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21145168 id: cord-034691-cw1311qg author: Grodecki, Kajetan title: Quantitative Burden of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Chest CT Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of a Prospective International Registry date: 2020-10-01 words: 3690.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034691-cw1311qg.txt summary: In multivariable regression of clinical and CT parameters, consolidation burden (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 6.9 per doubling; P = .001) and increasing GGO attenuation (OR, 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3, 8.3 per standard deviation, P = .02) were independent predictors of deterioration or death; as was C-reactive protein (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.4 per doubling; P = .004), history of heart failure (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6, P = .01), and chronic lung disease (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative burden of consolidation or GGO on chest CT independently predict clinical deterioration or death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this post-hoc analysis of a prospective, international, multicenter registry, we sought to examine the independent and incremental value of CT-derived quantitative burden and attenuation of diseased lung (GGO or consolidation) for the prediction of clinical deterioration or death in COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the independent and incremental value of CT-derived quantitative burden and attenuation of COVID-19 pneumonia for the prediction of clinical deterioration or death. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective international registry of consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and chest CT imaging, admitted to four centers between January 10 and May 6, 2020. Total burden (expressed as a percentage) and mean attenuation of ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were quantified from CT using semi-automated research software. The primary outcome was clinical deterioration (intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or vasopressor therapy) or in-hospital death. Logistic regression was performed to assess the predictive value of clinical and CT parameters for the primary outcome. RESULTS: The final population comprised 120 patients (mean age 64 ± 16 years, 78 men), of whom 39 (32.5%) experienced clinical deterioration or death. In multivariable regression of clinical and CT parameters, consolidation burden (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 6.9 per doubling; P = .001) and increasing GGO attenuation (OR, 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3, 8.3 per standard deviation, P = .02) were independent predictors of deterioration or death; as was C-reactive protein (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.4 per doubling; P = .004), history of heart failure (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6, P = .01), and chronic lung disease (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6; P = .02). Quantitative CT measures added incremental predictive value beyond a model with only clinical parameters (area under the curve, 0.93 vs 0.82, P = .006). The optimal prognostic cutoffs for burden of COVID-19 pneumonia as determined by Youden’s index were consolidation of greater than or equal to 1.8% and GGO of greater than or equal to 13.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative burden of consolidation or GGO on chest CT independently predict clinical deterioration or death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. CT-derived measures have incremental prognostic value over and above clinical parameters, and may be useful for risk stratifying patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605078/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200389 id: cord-323398-4zvs7f6e author: Groshkova, Teodora title: Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? date: 2020-05-29 words: 828.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323398-4zvs7f6e.txt summary: title: Will the Current COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Long-Term Cannabis Buying Practices? The COVID-19 pandemic and the response to have resulted in an increase in sales activity levels on darknet markets during the first three months of 2020, mainly related to cannabis products. The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting on all areas of life and for an agency responsible for monitoring drug markets in Europe two important questions are: is the current pandemic affecting the availability and use of drugs? However, another key question is whether and how the current COVID-19 crisis might change future drug markets. 8 In the first three months of 2020, which saw the unfolding COVID pandemic, online cannabis sales increased by 27%. This distinction is an important one as in the latter case the long-term impact of the current crisis could be more cannabis users becoming familiar with this way of accessing these drugs. COVID-19 and drugs: Drug supply via darknet markets. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and the response to have resulted in an increase in sales activity levels on darknet markets during the first three months of 2020, mainly related to cannabis products. One key question is whether more people will become used to this form of purchasing their drugs and will they continue with it post COVID-19 lockdown. As one-to-one encrypted communication services or social media apps are increasingly being used, monitoring and interdiction will become much more challenging. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000698 doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000698 id: cord-266648-962r0vm8 author: Grossberg, Laurie B title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-03 words: 3613.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266648-962r0vm8.txt summary: title: Review of Societal Recommendations Regarding Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Although data in patients with IBD contracting COVID-19 are still limited, both providers and patients have particular concerns regarding the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and how to manage their medications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information regarding risk factors, prevention, routine care (including office visits, testing, endoscopy, and surgery), and medication management of patients with IBD in the setting of COVID-19 was collected from each reference and is summarized in the Results. 10, 11 Other organizations, including the American Gastroenterological Association doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174 Published online 3 July 2020 (AGA), the Gastroenterological Society of Australia, and the European Crohn''s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO), agree that there are no data to support an increased risk of infection among patients with IBD. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa174 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa174 id: cord-270611-4hfn12hh author: Grossi, Enzo title: Guidelines for the Perplexed: How to Maximize Colonoscopy Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 words: 979.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270611-4hfn12hh.txt summary: [10] propose in this issue of Digestive Diseases and Sciences, the policy of appropriately triaging and rescheduling endoscopic procedures, in particular screening and surveillance colonoscopy, should be based on specific and timely adopted new guidelines. In their single-center observational study of patients scheduled for open-access (OA) colonoscopy ordered by a primary physician over a six-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic, they found that up to one-fifth of colonoscopies can be rescheduled into a future year based on USMTSTF guidelines [14] . Thus, the study confirms that: a) PCPs recommend repeat colonoscopy sooner than guidelines suggest [15, 16] ; and b) a significant proportion of open access colonoscopies for colorectal cancer prevention are indeed inappropriate, confirming the figure of nearly 8% according to a recent review by Kapila et al. Adoption of multi-society guidelines facilitates value-based reduction in screening and surveillance colonoscopy volume during COVID-19 pandemic Gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated review of guidelines and statements from international and national societies abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001345/ doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06634-3 id: cord-270511-eugkdh6k author: Grossman, Ephraim S. title: COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators date: 2020-08-28 words: 3070.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270511-eugkdh6k.txt summary: title: COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related worries and resilience as potential moderators of the loneliness-sleep problems link. In summary, the aim of the current study was to examine how worries or resilience may moderate the link of COVID-19 imposed loneliness with sleep problems. Reports of sleep problems correlated positively with loneliness and with COVID-19 related worries, and negatively with resilience. After controlling for the effect of Step 1 variables, loneliness, but not resilience or COVID-19 related worries, was related to higher sleep problem levels. Interactions further corroborated our hypotheses, indicating that among older adults, the rate of sleep problems associated with loneliness depended on COVID-19 related worries, and inversely on resilience. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Older adults may experience loneliness due to social distancing and isolation during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Loneliness may further catalyze numerous poor health outcomes including impaired sleep. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related worries and resilience as potential moderators of the loneliness-sleep problems link. METHOD: In the midst of the lock-down period of COVID-19, we collected data using a web-based public platform from 243 Israeli older adults (mean age = 69.76, SD = 6.69, age range = 60–92). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 related loneliness, sleep problems, COVID-related worries, and resilience. RESULTS: COVID-19 related loneliness was related to more sleep problems. The loneliness-sleep association was especially strong among those with more COVID-19 related worries or among those with lower resilience. CONCLUSION: The relationship between COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems is not uniform across older adults. The subjective sleep quality of those with more COVID-19 related worries or less resilience (i.e., feeling less being able to adapt to the challenging circumstances) is more susceptible to feeling lonely. Considering these variables may facilitate detection of and intervention for older adults vulnerable to aversive results in the context of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886920305626?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110371 id: cord-350859-0khu9mz3 author: Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini title: Increasing molecular diagnostic capacity and COVID-19 incidence in Brazil date: 2020-08-18 words: 1673.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350859-0khu9mz3.txt summary: With that in mind, we studied the increase in COVID-19 molecular diagnostic capacity of public health laboratories in different regions in Brazil. Therefore, we searched the epidemiological bulletins provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (available at https://covid.saude.gov.br/) for the weekly incidence of laboratoryconfirmed cases; and the Union Official Diary (a daily publication of the Federal Government official decrees, available at https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/diarios/DOU/) to identify new certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Panel A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, whereas panel B shows the rate of incidence of laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 by epidemiological week, both in a Joinpoint Regression analysis (per 100 000 inhabitants). Section A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, in a Joinpoint Regression analyzes. abstract: Different countries have adopted strategies for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 since the declaration of community transmission by the World Health Organization (WHO) and timely diagnosis has been considered one of the major obstacles for surveillance and healthcare. Here, we report the increase of the number of laboratories to COVID-19 diagnosis in Brazil. Our results demonstrate an increase and decentralisation of certified laboratories, which does not match the much higher increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. Also, it becomes clear that laboratories are irregularly distributed over the country, with a concentration in the most developed state, São Paulo. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001818 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001818 id: cord-258230-s4ty52kb author: Grover, Abhinav title: A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers date: 2020-06-15 words: 2544.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258230-s4ty52kb.txt summary: METHODS AND RESULTS: A search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and various preprint servers for studies comparing clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients on ACEIs and/or ARBs, and a meta-analysis was performed. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Finally, these 16 studies were included for review and, out of these, six and four studies were included in the meta-analysis of mortality and severity outcomes in COVID-19 patients on an ACEI/ ARB, respectively ( Table 1) . In a pooled analysis of six peer-reviewed studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEIs/ARBs with lower odds of mortality as compared with non-users (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.53-1.41, I 2 = 79.12, P-value = 0.55) (Figures 4 and 5) The sensitivity of the pooled results of clinical severity and mortality outcomes to the removal of each study is reported in Supplementary material online, Figures S1-S4. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) share their target receptor site with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that may cause ACE2 receptor up-regulation which raised concerns regarding ACEI and ARB use in COVID-19 patients. However, many medical professional societies recommended their continued use given the paucity of clinical evidence, but there is a need for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the latest clinical studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: A search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and various preprint servers for studies comparing clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients on ACEIs and/or ARBs, and a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 16 studies were included for the review and meta-analysis. There were conflicting findings reported in the rates of severity and mortality in several studies. In a pooled analysis of four studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEI/ARB use with lower odds of developing severe disease vs. non-users [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–1.58, I(2)=50.52, P-value = 0.53). In a pooled analysis of six studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEI/ARB use with lower odds of mortality as compared with non-users (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.53–1.41, I(2) = 79.12, P-value = 0.55). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that ACEIs and ARBs should be continued in COVID-19 patients, reinforcing the recommendations made by several medical societies. Additionally, the individual patient factors such as ACE2 polymorphisms which might confer higher risk of adverse outcomes need to be evaluated further. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542337/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa064 id: cord-177610-8aodvgww author: Groza, Adrian title: Detecting fake news for the new coronavirus by reasoning on the Covid-19 ontology date: 2020-04-26 words: 3496.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-177610-8aodvgww.txt summary: Since there is a lot of trusted medical knowledge already formalised, I investigate here how an ontology on Covid-19 could be used to signal fake news. We here the FRED tool, that takes a text an natural language and outputs a formalisation in description logic. Let the myth "Hand dryers are effective in killing the new coronavirus", whose automatic translation in DL appears in Figure 1 . The role involves from the boxing ontology is used to relate situation 1 with the instance hand dryers: Note that Fred has successfully linked the information from the myth with relevant concepts from DBpedia, Verbnet, or Dolce ontologies. Here, the core Covid-19 ontology is enriched with axioms generated by Fred fed with facts in natural language. This is preliminary work on combining two heavy machineries: natural language processing and ontology reasoning aiming to signal fake information related to Covid-19 . abstract: In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, many were quick to spread deceptive information. I investigate here how reasoning in Description Logics (DLs) can detect inconsistencies between trusted medical sources and not trusted ones. The not-trusted information comes in natural language (e.g."Covid-19 affects only the elderly"). To automatically convert into DLs, I used the FRED converter. Reasoning in Description Logics is then performed with the Racer tool. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12330v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-280628-ok62havd author: Groß, Sonja title: SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications date: 2020-04-30 words: 4453.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280628-ok62havd.txt summary: COVID-19 requires the collaboration of nearly 200 countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while gaining time to explore and improve treatment options especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and immunocompromised patients, who appear to be at high-risk to die from cardiopulmonary failure. Since the coronavirus disease (COVID19) is still an emerging pandemic with more than 2.1 million confirmed cases worldwide [1] , special focus is currently directed towards the understanding of why people are hospitalized, receive intensive care, and frequently die as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While higher mortality rates among CVD patients are also associated with other respiratory diseases (especially influenza virus-induced flu or previous SARS epidemics), the question was put forward, whether people treated for heart-related illness are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, based on first epidemiological evidence, but particularly based on the presumed upregulation of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic started several months ago and is still exponentially growing in most parts of the world – this is the most recent and alarming update. COVID-19 requires the collaboration of nearly 200 countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while gaining time to explore and improve treatment options especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and immunocompromised patients, who appear to be at high-risk to die from cardiopulmonary failure. Currently unanswered questions are why elderly people, particularly those with pre-existing comorbidities seem to exhibit higher mortality rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether intensive care becomes indispensable for these patients to prevent multi-organ failure and sudden death. To face these challenges, we here summarize the molecular insights into viral infection mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease. Since the infection starts in the upper respiratory system, first flu-like symptoms develop that spread throughout the body. The wide range of affected organs is presumably based on the common expression of the major SARS-CoV-2 entry-receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Physiologically, ACE2 degrades angiotensin II, the master regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thereby converting it into vasodilatory molecules, which have well-documented cardio-protective effects. Thus, RAAS inhibitors, which may increase the expression levels of ACE2, are commonly used for the treatment of hypertension and CVD. This, and the fact that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks ACE2 for cell-entry, have spurred controversial discussions on the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art knowledge on SARS-CoV-2-dependent mechanisms and the potential interaction with ACE2 expression and cell surface localization. We aim to provide a list of potential treatment options and a better understanding of why CVD is a high risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility and further discuss the acute as well as long-term cardiac consequences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360703/ doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031 id: cord-354103-4dldgqzf author: Grubic, Andrew D title: COVID-19 outbreak and surgical practice: The rationale for suspending non-urgent surgeries and role of testing modalities date: 2020-06-27 words: 4869.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354103-4dldgqzf.txt summary: While epidemiologists and infectious disease physicians are at the forefront in the fight against COVID-19, this pandemic is also a "stress test" to evaluate the capacity and resilience of our surgical community in dealing with the challenges imposed to our health system and society. On the same day, the United States Surgeon General echoed the recommendation from the American College of Surgeons and urged hospitals and healthcare systems to consider suspending elective surgical procedures during the outbreak of COVID-19. This pandemic started with identification of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent from a cluster of pneumonias in the Hubei providence of China in December 2019. On March 25, 2000, American College of Surgeons released the guidelines for emergency general surgery in COVID-19 positive patients or those at high clinical suspicion for COVID infection. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases abstract: One-hundred years after the 1918-19 H1N1 flu pandemic and 10 years after the 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic, another respiratory virus has now inserted itself into the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has become a critical challenge to global health with immense economic and social disruption. In this article we review salient aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that are relevant to surgical practice. The emphasis is on considerations during the pre-operative and post-operative periods as well as the utility and limitations of COVID-19 testing. The focus of the media during this pandemic is centered on predictive epidemiologic curves and models. While epidemiologists and infectious disease physicians are at the forefront in the fight against COVID-19, this pandemic is also a “stress test” to evaluate the capacity and resilience of our surgical community in dealing with the challenges imposed to our health system and society. As recently pointed out by Dr. Anthony Fauci, the virus decides the timelines in the models. However, the models can also change based on our decisions and behavior. It is our role as surgeons, to make every effort to bend the curves against the virus’ will. url: https://doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.259 doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i6.259 id: cord-347969-2sdwwuu5 author: Grunau, Brian title: Bystanders are less willing to resuscitate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-05 words: 2980.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347969-2sdwwuu5.txt summary: We used 100-point scales to inquire about participants'' willingness to perform interventions on "strangers or unfamiliar persons" and "family members or familiar persons", and compared mean willingness during time periods prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic using paired t-tests. Compared to prior to the pandemic, there were significant decreases in willingness to check for breathing or a pulse (mean difference -10.7% [95% CI -11.8, -9.6] for stranger/unfamiliar persons, -1.2% [95% CI -1.6, -0.8] for family/familiar persons), perform chest compressions (-14.3% [95% CI -15.6, -13.0], -1.6% [95% CI -2.1, -1.1]), provide rescue breaths (-19.5% [95% CI -20.9, -18.1], -5.5% [95% CI -6.4, -4.6]), and apply an automated external defibrillator (-4.8% [95% CI -5.7, -4.0], -0.9% [95% CI -1.3, -0.5]) during the COVID-19 pandemic. When comparing HCWs and non-HCWs most results were similar, demonstrating decreased willingness to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths on familiar and unfamiliar cardiac arrest victims alike. abstract: Aim The COVID-19 pandemic may influence the willingness of bystanders to engage in resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We sought to determine if and how the pandemic has changed willingness to intervene, and the impact of personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods We distributed a 12-item survey to the general public through social media channels from June 4 to 23, 2020. We used 100-point scales to inquire about participants’ willingness to perform interventions on “strangers or unfamiliar persons” and “family members or familiar persons”, and compared mean willingness during time periods prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic using paired t-tests. Results Survey participants (n=1360) were from 26 countries; the median age was 38 years (IQR 24-50) and 45% were female. Compared to prior to the pandemic, there were significant decreases in willingness to check for breathing or a pulse (mean difference -10.7% [95% CI -11.8, -9.6] for stranger/unfamiliar persons, -1.2% [95% CI -1.6, -0.8] for family/familiar persons), perform chest compressions (-14.3% [95% CI -15.6, -13.0], -1.6% [95% CI -2.1, -1.1]), provide rescue breaths (-19.5% [95% CI -20.9, -18.1], -5.5% [95% CI -6.4, -4.6]), and apply an automated external defibrillator (-4.8% [95% CI -5.7, -4.0], -0.9% [95% CI -1.3, -0.5]) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Willingness to intervene increased significantly if PPE was available (+8.3% [95% CI 7.2,9.5] for stranger/unfamiliar, and +1.4% [95% CI 0.8, 1.9] for family/familiar persons). Conclusion Willingness to perform bystander resuscitation during the pandemic decreased, however this was ameliorated if simple PPE were available. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666520420300345?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100034 id: cord-349842-2euxyh5l author: Gu, Renjun title: The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-31 words: 2452.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349842-2euxyh5l.txt summary: title: The safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis Many reports revealed that rehabilitation exercise can improve respiratory function and relieve the pressure from diseases, but there is no evidence to prove its effects on COVID-19. This protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis will clarify the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on different COVID-19 patients. RESULT: This study will assess effects and safety for practicing rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to prove the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. We will conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate whether effective and practicable rehabilitation can be implemented onto COVID-19 patients from all severity classifications. It is difficult to prove that COVID-19 patients from all severity levels to receive rehabilitation exercises, our systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to collect existing trails data based on these different levels of classification. abstract: BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading fast starting late 2019. It mainly affects the human respiratory system. Many reports revealed that rehabilitation exercise can improve respiratory function and relieve the pressure from diseases, but there is no evidence to prove its effects on COVID-19. This protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis will clarify the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on different COVID-19 patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Related studies will be retrieved from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Wan fang Database, ClinicalTrials, WHO Trials, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used by two researchers independently for extracting data from literatures. Clinical recovery time and effective rates will be assessed as the primary outcomes. Changes of patient's condition, pulmonary function, respiratory function and activity of daily living will be assessed as the secondary outcomes. Fixed effect model will be used for evaluating efficiency. Considering clinical heterogeneity, random effect model will be used for continuous outcomes. Funnel charts, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be used to explore sources of heterogeneity. Endnote X9.3 will be used to manage data screening. The statistical analysis will be completed by RevMan5.2 and Stata/SE 15.1 software. RESULT: This study will assess effects and safety for practicing rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study will provide evidence to prove the safety and effectiveness of rehabilitation exercises on COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021373 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021373 id: cord-351348-lzo0dz7z author: Gu, Silan title: Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 Influenza date: 2020-06-04 words: 1994.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351348-lzo0dz7z.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 COVID-19 patients, 24 influenza A (H1N1) patients, and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V3-V4 region sequencing. Previous studies indicated that the intestinal flora was closely related to respiratory virus infection and could affect the occurrence and development of diseases through the gut-lung axis [13] . The analysis of group similarities indicated that differences in richness, diversity, A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t and structure of the gut microbiota were not significantly different between general and severe COVID-19 patients (ANOSIM, p=0.426; Supplementary Figure S1 ), indicating that the experimental design was adequate. The gut microbiota signature of COVID-19 and H1N1 patients was analyzed to assess correlations between disease characteristics and the microbiome. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 COVID-19 patients, 24 influenza A (H1N1) patients, and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V3-V4 region sequencing. RESULTS: Compared with HC, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity, a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella and Actinomyces, and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HC with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the two cohorts with an AUC of 0.94. CONCLUSION: The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HC. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32497191/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa709 id: cord-294527-fct2y5vn author: Guadarrama-Ortiz, Parménides title: Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations date: 2020-09-04 words: 8820.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294527-fct2y5vn.txt summary: The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 can also cause viral meningitis and encephalitis, as demonstrated by a recent report of a 64-yearold patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who presented neurologic manifestations during the infection, including lethargy, clonus, and pyramidal signs in the lower limbs as well as stiff neck and Brudzinski sign (76) . Future studies are required to evaluate the serologic features of anti-glycolipid antibodies in patients with COVID-19 to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome. abstract: The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.01039 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01039 id: cord-339576-0d6sa9pe author: Guallar, María Pilar title: Inoculum at the time of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and risk of disease severity date: 2020-06-14 words: 1380.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339576-0d6sa9pe.txt summary: Our data support that a greater SARS-CoV-2 inoculi at the time of exposure might determine a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Herein we report three clusters of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Madrid, in which infected persons experienced divergent clinical outcomes, namely severe, mild or asymptomatic. In this cluster, low viral exposures along with social distancing would J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f account for more benign clinical forms of COVID-19, along with asymptomatic and uninfected cases. In this cluster, indoor continuous viral exposure could account for a wider presentation of clinical forms of COVID-19, being all residents infected. In this cluster, a large indoor viral exposure seemed to account for infection of all attenders and development of severe clinical forms in half of them. Timeframe of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 disease severity in persons belonging to groups with different viral exposure abstract: Abstract A relationship between the infecting dose and the risk of disease severity has not been demonstrated for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report three clusters of individuals that were exposed to diverse inoculi in Madrid and overall developed divrgent clinical forms of COVID-19. Our data support that a greater SARS-CoV-2 inoculi at the time of exposure might determine a higher risk of severe COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220304707 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.035 id: cord-293500-z28bws23 author: Guan, Wei-jie title: Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 461.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293500-z28bws23.txt summary: Comorbid hypertension correlates with poorer outcomes in patients with Covid-19. We truly appreciate the comments from Sisnieguez et al., who have performed a further analysis on the potential association between cardiovascular comorbidities and the clinical outcomes of Covid-19 (in particular, the mortality) [1] . We also applaud the suggestion to thoroughly adjust for the potential confounding factors when interpreting the association between specific categories of cardiovascular comorbidities (e.g., hypertension) and the clinical outcomes of Covid-19. Our findings could have also been attributed to the relatively low proportion of patients with co-existing hypertension and coronary heart disease in our study. The causes for the association between cardiovascular diseases and the poor clinical outcomes of Covid-19 might be multifaceted, including but not limited to the interaction with the age, and the cardiac dysfunction due to viral infections. Prevalence of comorbidities in cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a retrospective study abstract: Comorbid hypertension correlates with poorer outcomes in patients with Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32341104/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.01227-2020 id: cord-262928-l2bqcd0l author: Guarisco, Gloria title: Covid-19 and diabesity: when a pandemia cross another pandemia date: 2020-07-14 words: 2040.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262928-l2bqcd0l.txt summary: The collision between the Covid-19 pandemic and the current diabesity epidemic has highlighted that obese and diabetic patients have a worse prognosis due to the impairment of the immune response to infections and due to the mechanical limits that make the management of the hospitalized patients with severe obesity more difficult. The limitations imposed on accessibility to non-urgent care during the lockdown of "phase 1" of this pandemic have created the need to revolutionize clinical practice to meet the health demands of chronic and high-risk diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Extensive Chinese observational reports on confirmed Covid-19 cases indicated that among patients with the most severe form of disease the prevalence of diabetes was 12-16% [5] [6] [7] [8] . In a French study, the risk for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to Intensive Treatment Unit was more than sevenfold higher for those with BMI > 35 compared with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 [14] . abstract: The Covid-19 epidemic is having a strong impact on the population with pre-existing chronic diseases. The collision between the Covid-19 pandemic and the current diabesity epidemic has highlighted that obese and diabetic patients have a worse prognosis due to the impairment of the immune response to infections and due to the mechanical limits that make the management of the hospitalized patients with severe obesity more difficult. The limitations imposed on accessibility to non-urgent care during the lockdown of "phase 1" of this pandemic have created the need to revolutionize clinical practice to meet the health demands of chronic and high-risk diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The use of technology and risk stratification to establish the priority of access to the treatments that we have been forced to undertake will be useful tools for a new phase of a more efficient and successful treatment of diabesity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666376/ doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00958-9 id: cord-276538-q0v26rml author: Guasch, Emilia title: Recomendaciones prácticas en la paciente obstétrica con infección por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 4834.0 sentences: 519.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276538-q0v26rml.txt summary: Los anestesiólogos formamos parte del equipo multidisciplinar en la valoración de la gravedad de estas pacientes, su seguimiento y su cuidado peri-operatorio, por lo que una valoración exhaustiva de las gestantes ingresadas, gracias al uso de algoritmos como el presentado en la figura 2 permite aumentar la eficiencia de nuestro cuidado: -El reconocimiento de gravedad en presencia de neumonía, se realizará de forma inmediata en la valoración inicial si hay presencia de insuficiencia respiratoria (SaO2 <90% aire ambiente, 93% en gestantes) o frecuencia respiratoria ≥ 30 RPM o fallo de uno o más órganos o necesidad de vasopresores. Los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo y la infección por COVID hacen a la paciente obstétrica más susceptible a la hipoxia, por lo que es importante la preoxigenación, si bien, en general, no se recomienda el uso de gafas de alto flujo. abstract: Resumen La infección por COVID 19 afecta también a las pacientes obstétricas. La atención obstétrica habitual ha continuado a pesar de la pandemia. Existen series de casos de pacientes obstétricas. Parece que las técnicas neuroaxiales son seguras y es importante asegurarse que los bloqueos funcionen correctamente antes de una cesárea. Es por esto, que se recomienda que los bloqueos sean realizados por anestesiólogos expertos. La protección y seguridad de los profesionales es un punto fundamental y en caso de anestesia general, también se recomienda acudir al anestesiólogo más experto. Las pacientes gravemente enfermas, deben reconocerse rápida y precozmente, para poder suministrarles el tratamiento adecuado lo antes posible. La susceptibilidad a las trombosis hace que la anticoagulación profiláctica sea prioritaria. Abstract COVID 19 infection also affects obstetric patients. Regular obstetric care has continued despite the pandemic. Case series of obstetric patients have been published. Neuroaxial techniques appear to be safe and it is important to obtain the highest possible rate of success of the blocks before a cesarean section. For this reason, it is recommended that the blocks be carried out by senior anesthesiologists. The protection and safety of professionals is a key point and in case of general anesthesia, so it is also recommended to call to the most expert anesthesiologist. Seriously ill patients should be recognized quickly and early, in order to provide them with the appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Susceptibility to thrombosis makes prophylactic anticoagulation a priority. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0034935620301754 doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.06.009 id: cord-314070-8qz23nn4 author: Gubbi, Sriram title: Catecholamine physiology and its implications in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-28 words: 5313.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314070-8qz23nn4.txt summary: The risk factors for severe COVID-19 are diverse, yet closely resemble the clinical manifestations of catecholamine excess states (eg, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immune dysregulation, and hyperglycaemia), suggesting a potentially common basis for disease. 6 Consequently, catecholamine excess states such as PPGL can cause substantial dysregulation of physiological systems, and lead to pronounced changes in pulmonary (vasoplegia), coronary (myocardial infarction), cerebro vascular (stroke), and remaining systemic vascular tone (hypertension), as well as myocardial disease (cardio myopathies), tachyarrhythmias (benign and fatal), hyper coagulability (thromboem bolism), immune dysreg u lation (cytokine storm), and diabetogenic states; these outcomes are the same as the risk factors that lead to adverse outcomes from COVID-19. 19 Increased concentrations of these cytokines and their downstream acute phase reactants (eg, ferritin) have been associated with a higher likelihood of severe disease and mortality in patients with 20 Catecholamines augment the production of IL-6, IL-10, and other cytokines through a self-amplifying feed-forward loop within myeloid cells, an effect mediated through α1-adrenoceptors. abstract: The risk factors for severe COVID-19 are diverse, yet closely resemble the clinical manifestations of catecholamine excess states (eg, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immune dysregulation, and hyperglycaemia), suggesting a potentially common basis for disease. Unfortunately, severe illness (eg, respiratory failure, compromised cardiac function, and shock) incurred by COVID-19 hinders the direct study of catecholamines in these patients, especially among those on multiple medications or those on adrenaline or noradrenaline infusions, or both. Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are tumours that secrete catecholamines, namely adrenaline and noradrenaline, often in excess. PPGL are well studied disease processes in which the effects of catecholamines are easily discernible and therefore their potential biochemical and physiological influences in patients with COVID-19 can be explored. Because catecholamines are expected to have a role in patients with critical illness, patients on vasopressor infusions, and patients who sustain some acute and chronic physical stresses, the challenges involved in the management of catecholamine excess states are directly relevant to the treatment of patients with COVID-19. In this Personal View, we discuss the complex interplay between catecholamines and COVID-19, and the management of catecholamine excess states, while referencing relevant insights derived from the study of PPGL. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213858720303429 doi: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30342-9 id: cord-350904-wyg8ikph author: Gubernatorova, E.O. title: IL-6: relevance for immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-20 words: 8298.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350904-wyg8ikph.txt summary: In turn, SARS-CoV-2 infection of recruited immune cells may increase their apoptosis and exacerbate lymphocytosis [32, 33] , and, finally, may lead in some patients to life-threatening conditions, such as respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Interestingly, patients requiring intensive care and invasive lung ventilation display negative correlation between IL-6, TNF and IL-1b concentrations and CD4 + and CD8 + T cell counts [75] , confirming previous studies in animal models, which suggested that cytokine storm actually dampens adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV infection [76] . Taking together, Angiotensin II accumulation due to SARS-CoV-2-mediated ACE2 downregulation may cause Angiotensin 1 receptor downstream activation of NADPH oxidase, which, in turn, leads to elevated ROS production and to induction of transcriptional mechanisms that directly promote IL-6 expression, implicated in inflammation-induced injury and immunopathology. abstract: COVID-19 mortality is strongly associated with the development of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome with the worst outcome resulting in cytokine release syndrome and multiorgan failure. It is becoming critically important to identify at the early stage of the infection those patients who are prone to develop the most adverse effects. Elevated systemic interleukin-6 levels in patients with COVID-19 are considered as a relevant parameter in predicting most severe course of disease and the need for intensive care. This review discusses the mechanisms by which IL-6 may possibly contribute to disease exacerbation and the potential of therapeutic approaches based on anti-IL-6 biologics. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1359610120301088 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.009 id: cord-344302-p0v6sl9x author: Gubitosa, James C title: COVID-19-Associated Acute Limb Ischemia in a Patient on Therapeutic Anticoagulation date: 2020-09-25 words: 3092.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344302-p0v6sl9x.txt summary: Therapeutic anticoagulation was empirically initiated with subcutaneous enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice daily) given the hypercoagulable state observed in many COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer. The risk of thromboembolic events and the sheer magnitude of COVID-19-associated admissions have prompted many hospitals to establish novel protocols with which these individuals are provided anticoagulation at increased or even therapeutic doses compared to the more common prophylactic dose. A study of 449 COVID-19 patients demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in mortality (40.0% experimental, 64.2% control) in those receiving prophylactic doses of heparin and enoxaparin [14] . Given the cited relative deficiency of ATIII in CAC and nephrotic syndrome, one can hypothesize that an acute arterial thrombosis may have been avoided if this patient was started on an argatroban infusion from the beginning of his hospital course, which would have provided therapeutic anticoagulation independent of ATIII levels. COVID-19 associated acute limb ischemia in a patient on therapeutic anticoagulation: a case and literature review abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been found to cause multiple complications across several organ systems in patterns not typically observed in previous iterations of the virus. Hemostatic mechanisms have been noted to be significantly altered in particular, resulting in a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like picture with elements of coagulopathy as well as hypercoagulability. A 65-year-old man with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, prior tobacco use, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes presented from a correctional facility with hypoxia. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed. With his elevated D-dimer of >7,955 ng/mL (reference: 90-500 ng/mL) in the setting of COVID-19 and hypoxia, he was empirically started on therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin. His oxygen requirements increased, mental status deteriorated, and platelets began falling, raising concern for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia versus DIC. Heparin products were discontinued in favor of a direct oral anticoagulant. He later became obtunded and unable to tolerate oral medications. Fondaparinux was initiated. Two days later, he was found to have acute limb ischemia of the right lower extremity. He underwent surgical thrombectomy but required an above-the-knee amputation the following day. Shortly after he died secondary to hypoxic respiratory failure. This case highlights the derangement of hemostatic mechanisms seen prominently in COVID-19 infection and raises questions as to appropriate anticoagulant choices to adequately prevent thrombosis. Thorough physical exams should be performed on all patients with COVID-19, taking into account this documented hypercoagulability. Further investigation is warranted into the use of heparin products as the anticoagulant of choice in these patients given observed deficiencies of antithrombin III (ATIII). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133825/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10655 id: cord-351004-h6fde7vm author: Gudipati, Smitha title: Descriptive Analysis of Patients Living With HIV Affected by COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 2472.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351004-h6fde7vm.txt summary: METHODS: This is a case series that included 14 PLWH with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were evaluated at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among PLWH cannot be fully ascertained by this report, it adds to the data that suggest that HIV-positive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at a greater risk of severe disease or death as compared to HIV-negative patients. This is a case series that included 14 PLWH who were evaluated in the Henry Ford Hospital (HFH) emergency department for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. Our case series, the current published literature on HIV and SARS-CoV-2, and the published data from HFH on COVID-19 patients without known HIV supports the theory that there is not an excess morbidity and mortality among PLWH affected by COVID-19 compared with the general public. abstract: COVID-19 disease has spread globally and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization. On March 10, the State of Michigan confirmed its first 2 cases of COVID-19, and the number of confirmed cases has reached 47,182 as of May 11, 2020, with 4555 deaths. SETTING: Currently, little is known if patients living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 or if their antiretrovirals are protective. This study presents epidemiologic and clinical features of COVID-19 infected PLWH in Detroit, Michigan. METHODS: This is a case series that included 14 PLWH with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were evaluated at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020. RESULTS: Fourteen PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19. Twelve patients were men and 2 were women; 13 patients were virally suppressed. Eight patients were hospitalized, and 6 patients were told to self-quarantine at home after their diagnoses. Three patients who were admitted expired during their hospital stay. No patient required bilevel positive airway pressure or nebulizer use in the emergency department, and none developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, or a cytokine storm while on therapy for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among PLWH cannot be fully ascertained by this report, it adds to the data that suggest that HIV-positive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at a greater risk of severe disease or death as compared to HIV-negative patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002450 doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002450 id: cord-275381-343y0bsh author: Guella, Adnane title: Favorable Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Treated with Tocilizumab date: 2020-09-16 words: 1666.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275381-343y0bsh.txt summary: We report a kidney transplant patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia whose condition worsened 9 days after the initial presentation. Data from a recent large series show that clinical, biological, and radiological presentations of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients are similar to those of the general population although the course of the disease may be more severe [1, 2] . Here, we share our experience with the successful management of a kidney transplant recipient whose COVID-19 pneumonia worsened 9 days after the initial presentation. In conclusion, we presented in this paper our approach in managing COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant patient and showed the favorable impact of tocilizumab in the management. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine abstract: The presentation of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients is similar to that of the general population. However, in the former, it may have a worse clinical course. We report a kidney transplant patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia whose condition worsened 9 days after the initial presentation. As no therapeutic guidelines on the subject are currently available, here we share our approach in the management of the immunosuppressive medications and the antiviral therapy and compare them to the scarce available data. We also expose the use of tocilizumab in our patient with excellent results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32963854/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8830626 id: cord-355773-k9hut687 author: Guerini, Andrea Emanuele title: Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. date: 2020-06-02 words: 2351.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355773-k9hut687.txt summary: title: Differential diagnosis and clinical management of a case of COVID-19 in a stage III lung cancer patient treated with radio-chemotherapy and durvalumab. Management of this condition is even more challenging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients because they are more vulnerable to develop severe disease, and manifestations of the tumor and side effects of anticancer therapy could resemble Covid-19. Herein we present the first report to date of a case of Covid-19 during durvalumab, focused on the differential diagnosis between radiation-induced pneumonitis and PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity in an NSCLC patient. This phenomenon could explain the higher levels of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF measured in patients developing severe respiratory symptoms [17] and the investigation of immunosuppressants such as chloroquine and tocilizumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 receptor, also used to manage steroid-refractory pneumonitis induced by PD-L1 inhibitors) for Covid-19 treatment [18, 19] . abstract: BACKGROUND: pneumonitis is common in NSCLC and can be a consequence of the disease itself, super-infection, or side effects of the treatment. Recently Covid-19 added to the list of possible causes, emerging as a concrete threat for already frail patients. CASE REPORT: a 75-years-old stage-III NSCLC patient underwent radical radio-chemotherapy followed by consolidation durvalumab at our Institution. After four cycles, immunotherapy was suspended due to symptomatic pneumonitis responsive to oral steroids. Nevertheless, he suddenly developed fever and severe dyspnea. Chest radiography described diffuse alveolar and interstitial infiltrates and RT-PCR confirmed the diagnosis of Covid-19. His clinical conditions worsened despite antiviral therapy and supplemental oxygen and the patient died three days after admission. DISCUSSION: this paper highlights the remarkable clinical and radiological similarity of pneumonitis causated by Covid-19 and immunotherapy, hampering differential diagnosis and corroborating the hypothesis that inflammatory molecules, and possibly PD-L1, play a central role in Covid-19 pathogenesis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2020.05.027 doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.05.027 id: cord-314690-jc6cx76a author: Guha, Avirup title: Community and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with COVID-19 in the United States: Zip code level cross sectional analysis date: 2020-04-22 words: 3004.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314690-jc6cx76a.txt summary: Methods: In this study, zip-code level data from 5 major metropolitan areas, was utilized to study the effect of multiple demographic & socio-economic factors including race, age, income, chronic disease comorbidity, population density, number of people per household on number of positive cases and ensuing death. In a multivariable linear regression model (table 2) it was noted than proportion of residents above the age of 65 years, proportion of African American residents, proportion of females, persons per household and population density of the zip code was significantly associated with increased likelihood of positive cases in a zip code (P <= 0.01). We demonstrate that zip codes with a greater proportion of residents above 65 years of age, African American residents, persons per household, and population density were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of COVID-19 cases. abstract: Background: Multiple reports have pointed towards involvement of community and socioeconomic characteristics of people in the United States may be associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths. Methods: In this study, zip-code level data from 5 major metropolitan areas, was utilized to study the effect of multiple demographic & socio-economic factors including race, age, income, chronic disease comorbidity, population density, number of people per household on number of positive cases and ensuing death. Adjusted linear regression analysis using 13 to 16 such variables was performed. Results: Overall, 442 zip codes reporting 93,170 positive COVID-19 cases and 138 zip codes reporting mortality ranging from 0 to 25 were included in this study. A multivariable linear regression model noted that 1% increase in the proportion of residents above the age of 65 years, proportion of African American residents, proportion of females, persons per household and population density of the zip code increased the proportion of positive cases by 0.77%, 0.23%, 1.64%, 1.83% and 0.46% respectively (P<0.01) with only population density remaining significant in zip codes with greater than median number of cases. In zips with greater than median number of deaths, no community/socio-economic factor contributed significantly to death. Conclusion: This study gives early signals of gender, and racial inequalities while providing overwhelming evidence of how population density may contribute to an increase in the number of positive cases of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.20071944 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.20071944 id: cord-342589-n63yw2qy author: Guha, Santanu title: Managing ACS during COVID-19 infection: do not follow the traditional route date: 2020-04-15 words: 1540.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342589-n63yw2qy.txt summary: Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, having COVID-19 infection, are at higher risk of adverse outcomes and increased mortality. 3 Once this infection becomes more prevalent, all patients presenting with symptoms of severe emergent CVD should be managed as suspected cases of COVID-19. 6 Considering the present pandemic, for a patient who presents with ACS and in whom the infection has not been ruled out, isolation in a separate room is preferred with hemodynamic monitoring till COVID-19 is excluded. 5. In every city, at least a few CCUs (coronary care units) and CCLs should be developed in hospitals caring for COVID-19 positive cases, where patients from other hospitals may be transferred. Setting up of a few dedicated CCUs and CCLs in hospitals taking care of COVID-19 positive cases in every city is the need of the hour to combat the pandemic if it propagates in our country. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is creating havoc in the world. It is also spreading in India creating a massive healthcare problem. Few major hospitals were closed down because of the spread among healthcare personnel. Management of several commonly occurring diseases needed modifications to a lesser or greater extent because of this pandemic. Management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) also requires certain modifications. In this opinion paper an attempt has been made to give an outline of ACS management in this changed scenario. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483220300602?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.003 id: cord-034195-yiv8rp7y author: Guhan, Samantha M. title: COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness date: 2020-10-23 words: 545.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034195-yiv8rp7y.txt summary: authors: Guhan, Samantha M.; Nathan, Neera R.; Raef, Haya; Cavanaugh-Hussey, Margaret; Tan, Jennifer K. title: COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of patients experiencing homelessness COVID-19 and healthcare disparities: Innovative ways to meet the dermatologic needs of 1 patients experiencing homelessness 2 3 We hypothesized that dermatologists can further aid this population by mobilizing 57 critical supplies commonly found in our offices and using the generosity of local companies to 58 create COVID-19 care kits, which contain items necessary to protect PEH from disease. 61 62 Prior to supply collection, local shelters were contacted to identify the most useful items to 63 patients. 76 77 Building upon relationships we already have as dermatologists, we were able to create a COVID-78 19 kit donation program that provided PEH with necessary supplies to minimize the spread of 79 disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7583646/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.042 id: cord-299499-66qh3r75 author: Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent title: Reconsidering assumptions of adolescent and young adult SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics date: 2020-09-07 words: 4199.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299499-66qh3r75.txt summary: In this viewpoint, we highlight evidence regarding the increased potential of AYA to transmit SARS-CoV-2 that, to date, has received little attention, discuss adolescent and young adult specific considerations for future COVID-19 control measures, and provide applied programmatic suggestions. Adolescents and young adults (AYA), who are between the ages of 10 and 24 years, account for approximately 20% of the total population in the United States (US), but the extent to which AYA contribute to forward transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not fully understood. In this viewpoint, we highlight evidence regarding the increased potential of AYA to transmit SARS-CoV-2 that, to date, has received little attention, discuss adolescent and young adultspecific considerations for future COVID-19 control measures, and provide applied programmatic suggestions. Adolescent and young adult-specific data Furthermore, behavioral factors unique to AYA may increase the risk of forward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 relative to both younger children and older adults. abstract: Evidence regarding the important role of adolescents and young adults (AYA) in accelerating and sustaining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks is growing. Furthermore, data suggest two known factors that contribute to high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissibility—presymptomatic transmission and asymptomatic case presentations—may be amplified in AYA. However, AYA have not been prioritized as a key population in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy decisions that limit public health attention on AYA and are driven by the assumption of insignificant forward transmission from AYA pose a risk to inadvertently reinvigorate local transmission dynamics. In this viewpoint, we highlight evidence regarding the increased potential of AYA to transmit SARS-CoV-2 that, to date, has received little attention, discuss adolescent and young adult specific considerations for future COVID-19 control measures, and provide applied programmatic suggestions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32894747/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1348 id: cord-292273-xu9pb9ul author: Guillamet, C. V. title: TOWARD A COVID-19 SCORE-RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REGISTRY date: 2020-04-20 words: 3737.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292273-xu9pb9ul.txt summary: Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24and 48-hours post ICU admission. SOFA scores for triage in a COVID-19 pandemic may then not discriminate who would benefit from intubation and only be useful late in a patient''s course, after they have received multiple days or weeks of mechanical ventilation. TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for predicting hospital mortality after 24 hours of ICU treatment of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. We also performed an external validation of the TACS 24-hour mortality model on 1,1175 ICU patients to Washington University/BJH treated between 2016-19. We have developed an initial model of a respiratory oriented Toward a COVID 19 Score designed to be useful in possible triage decisions and to compare outcomes from various treatment approaches in the current pandemic. abstract: ABSTRACT Importance Critical care resources like ventilators, used to manage the current COVID-19 pandemic, are potentially inadequate. Established triage standards and guidelines may not contain the most appropriate severity assessment and outcome prediction models. Objectives Develop a draft pandemic specific triage assessment score for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Design a website where initial Toward a COVID-19 Scores (TACS) can be quickly calculated and used to compare various treatment strategies. Create a TACS Registry where data and outcomes for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients can be recorded. Use the TACS Registry to develop an influenza epidemic specific database and score for use in future respiratory based epidemics. Design, Setting, Participants Retrospective analysis of 3,301 ICU admissions with respiratory failure admitted to 41 U.S. Intensive Care Units from 2015-19. Independent external validation on 1,175 similar ICU Admissions using identical entry criteria from Barnes Jewish Hospital (BJH), Washington University from 2016-2019. Main Outcomes TACS was created with 16 readily available predictive variables for risk assessment of hospital mortality 24 hours after ICU Admission and the need for prolonged assisted mechanical ventilation (PAMV) ( >>96 hours) at 24- and 48-hours post ICU admission. Results TACS achieved an Area Under the Curve (AUC) for hospital mortality after 24 hours of 0.80 in the development dataset; 0.81 in the internal validation dataset. At a probability of 50% hospital mortality, positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.55, negative predictive value (NPV) 0.89; sensitivity 22%, specificity 97%. For PAMV after 24 hours, the AUC was 0.84 in the development dataset, 0.81 in the validation dataset. For PAMV after 48 hours, the AUC was 0.82 in the development dataset, 0.78 in the validation dataset. In the external validation the AUC for TACS was 0.76 +/- 0.024. We launched a website that is scaled for mobile device use ( https://covid19score.azurewebsites.net/) that provides open access to a user-friendly TACS Calculator for all predictions. We also designed a voluntary TACS Registry for collection of data and outcomes on ICU Admissions with COVID-19. Conclusions and Relevance Toward a COVID-19 score is a starting point for an epidemic specific triage assessment that could be used to evaluate various approaches to treatment. The TACS Registry provides the ability to establish a respiratory specific outcomes database that can be used to create a triage approach for future such pandemics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.15.20066860v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066860 id: cord-304636-houm2zcu author: Guillan, Marta title: Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-06-09 words: 1088.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304636-houm2zcu.txt summary: • In the occurrence of new-onset neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we should suspect an acute ischemic stroke and not assume that it is secondary to the respiratory syndrome (hypoxia). J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f syndrome, neurological manifestations have been described in more than a third of patients, both in mild-moderate cases of the infection, as associated or as a complication in severe and critical cases. An unenhanced brain CT We, therefore, present an unusual case of simultaneous multivessel cerebral infarctions, without known extracerebral thrombotic events, in a patient with a moderate COVID-19 who did not develop acute respiratory distress syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation. It seems clear that patients with severe COVID-19 may suffer an ischaemic stroke or cerebral venous thrombosis because of the hypercoagulability that coincides with the critical illness [9] . abstract: • In the occurrence of new-onset neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we should suspect an acute ischemic stroke and not assume that it is secondary to the respiratory syndrome (hypoxia). Acute ischaemic stroke continues to be a treatable medical emergency also during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. • Arterial thrombotic events may not only occur as a complication in severe cases of COVID-19; but can also appear in mild-moderate cases due to other mechanisms. • Several pathogeneses may be behind ischemic strokes in COVID-19, in addition to the more evident coagulopathy associated with the severe infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.015 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.015 id: cord-282460-z7g3uikr author: Guillo, Enora title: COVID-19 pneumonia: Diagnostic and prognostic role of CT based on a retrospective analysis of 214 consecutive patients from Paris, France date: 2020-08-08 words: 2484.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282460-z7g3uikr.txt summary: Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of first and expert readings were calculated together with inter reader agreement, with results of RT-PCR as standard of reference and according to symptoms and onset date. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CT in patients referred for COVID-19 suspicion to a French university hospital, depending on symptoms and date of onset, as well as factors associated to poor outcomes in our specific population. In the present study, we found strong inter reader agreement between initial and expert reading for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and a sensitivity reaching 93% for expert reading when CT was performed after 5 days of symptoms, considering RT-PCR positivity only as standard of reference. Other studies have used a different reference standard to confirm SARS-Cov-2 infection, not exclusively relying on RT-PCR results but also on a clinical validation based on the combination of symptoms, exposure, and presence of lung imaging features consistent with coronavirus pneumonia [11] . abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CT in patients referred for COVID19 suspicion to a French university hospital, depending on symptoms and date of onset. METHODS: From March 1(st) to March 28(th), 214 patients having both chest CT scan and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCT) within 24 hours were retrospectively evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of first and expert readings were calculated together with inter reader agreement, with results of RT-PCR as standard of reference and according to symptoms and onset date. Patient characteristics and disease extent on CT were correlated to short-term outcome (death or intubation at 3 weeks follow-up). RESULTS: Of the 214 patients (119 men, mean age 59 ± 19 years), 129 had at least one positive RT-PCR result. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were 79% (95% CI: 71- 86%), 84%(74- 91%), 72%(63-81%) and 88% (81-93%) for initial CT reading and 81%(74- 88%), 91% (82-96%), 76% (67-84%) and 93% (87-97%), for expert reading, with strong inter-reader agreement (kappa index: 0.89). Considering the 123 patients with symptoms for more than 5 days, the corresponding figures were 90%, 78%, 80% and 89% for initial reading and 93%, 88%, 86% and 94% for the expert. Disease extent exceeded 25% for 68% and 26% of severe and non-severe patients, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: CT sensitivity increased after 5 days of symptoms. A disease extent > 25% was associated with poorer outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109209 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109209 id: cord-296562-3h2oqb9k author: Guillén, Lucía title: Preemptive interleukin-6 blockade in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 4874.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296562-3h2oqb9k.txt summary: In contrast to other respiratory viral infections like influenza, a major pathogenic mechanism implicated in severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is an aberrant host immune response resulting in an excessive cytokine and chemokine release known as "cytokine storm" or "cytokine release syndrome" 2,3 . In a sensitivity analysis including only the 55 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, the significant variables in the adjusted multivariate model were a NLR > 2.55 (OR 5.26; 95% CI 1.02-25), higher Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.04-2.34) per unit, and higher SOFA score (OR 5.05; 95% CI 1.10-23.24) (Supplementary Table 2 ). This biomarker reflects excessive inflammation and dysregulation of immune cells that play a central role in severity of disease in viral infections 23 , and has been associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 24 . www.nature.com/scientificreports/ four comorbidities are included in the Charlson index, and have been associated with higher disease severity in patients with COVID-19 31 . abstract: Excessive interleukin-6 signaling is a key factor contributing to the cytokine release syndrome implicated in clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Preliminary results suggest that tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, may be beneficial in severely ill patients, but no data are available on earlier stages of disease. An anticipated blockade of interleukin-6 might hypothetically prevent the catastrophic consequences of the overt cytokine storm. We evaluated early-given tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and identified outcome predictors. Consecutive patients with initial Sequential-Organ-Failure-Assessment (SOFA) score < 3 fulfilling pre-defined criteria were treated with tocilizumab. Serial plasma biomarkers and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. Of 193 patients admitted with COVID-19, 64 met the inclusion criteria. After tocilizumab, 49 (76.6%) had an early favorable response. Adjusted predictors of response were gender, SOFA score, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, Charlson comorbidity index and systolic blood pressure. At week-4, 56.1% of responders and 30% of non-responders had cleared the SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharynx. Temporal profiles of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, NT-ProBNP, D-dimer, and cardiac-troponin-I differed according to tocilizumab response and discriminated final in-hospital outcome. No deaths or disease recurrences were observed. Preemptive therapy with tocilizumab was safe and associated with favorable outcomes in most patients. Biological and clinical markers predicted outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74001-3 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74001-3 id: cord-264204-4ablrwuo author: Guintivano, Jerry title: Psychiatric Genomics Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Researchers date: 2020-10-08 words: 3998.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264204-4ablrwuo.txt summary: We provide recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. Four main themes characterized the comments: maintain team dynamics (e.g., utilizing videoconferencing for regular team meetings, being flexible with deadlines, use clear communication) (32.8% of responses); maintain good personal habits (e.g., keeping in mind productivity may be reduced, practicing self-care, keeping work and personal areas separate) (27.2%); reprioritize research goals (e.g., spending more effort on dry-lab projects rather than wet-lab, using available time to complete analyses or manuscripts, utilizing existing data for new projects) (20.8%); and shift recruitment to online approaches (e.g., phone interviews rather than face-to-face, development of online recruitment and consent protocols) (8.0%). abstract: Between April 20, 2020 and June 19, 2020 we conducted a survey of the membership of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) to explore the impact of COVID-19 on their research and academic careers. A total of 123 individuals responded representing academic ranks from trainee to full professor, tenured and fixed-term appointments, and all genders. The survey included both quantitative and free text responses. Results revealed considerable concern about the impact of COVID-19 on research with the greatest concern reported by individuals in non-permanent positions and female researchers. Concerns about the availability of funding and the impact of the pandemic on career progression were commonly reported by early career researchers. We provide recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052336/ doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.331421 id: cord-302738-7gsm6fm7 author: Guisado-Clavero, Marina title: Uso de aplicaciones móviles y páginas web para el diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en España date: 2020-09-09 words: 1600.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302738-7gsm6fm7.txt summary: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar una revisión de las diferentes TIC, apps y páginas web, dirigidas al manejo y/o diagnóstico de presunción de la COVID-19 en España. Se han revisado todas las TIC (apps y páginas web) disponibles hasta la fecha en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) y la del Ministerio de Sanidad (que da servicio a Islas Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla La Mancha, Extremadura y Principado de Asturias) dirigidas a realizar un seguimiento o diagnóstico de presunción de la COVID-19 basado en un cuestionario. Siguiendo las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad y de su app, se recopiló la siguiente información: características sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos de la persona, descripción epidemiológica, posibles síntomas de COVID-19, realización de diagnóstico y seguimiento. De las diecisiete CCAA, se pudo acceder a la información para la evaluación del COVID-19 vía app en cinco de ellas: Andalucía, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunidad de Madrid (CMad) y País Vasco (PV). abstract: Introducción: Ante la pandemia por la COVID-19 son necesarias nuevas herramientas de trabajo a nivel sanitario para la evaluación precoz de las personas sospechosas de haber sido infectadas. La tecnología de la información y comunicación (TIC) puede dar solución a este nuevo escenario. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer qué TIC hay en España. Métodos: Revisión de la TIC (aplicaciones móviles y páginas web) de las Comunidades Autónomas de España listando las características recogidas de cada una de ellas. Resultados: Se han analizado 6 aplicaciones móviles correspondientes a 5 Comunidades Autónomas y una del Ministerio de Sanidad, además de 4 test en páginas web de la Consejería de Salud de la Comunidad Autónoma correspondiente. De las TIC observadas, existen muchas diferencias entre ellas tanto en la información recogida como los recursos dedicados al ciudadano. Si bien, todas ellas preguntan por la tríada clásica de síntomas COVID-19: fiebre, tos y disnea. Conclusiones: A pesar de tener un órgano organizador común en la crisis de la COVID-19 en España, el Ministerio de Sanidad, se han observado diferentes métodos de aplicación en la tecnología de la información y comunicación en los territorios autonómicos de España. Introduction: New tools are needed for early evaluation of patients who could be infected by COVID-19 during this pandemic. M-Health (apps) could be a solution in this setting to evaluate a COVID-19 diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe which COVID-19’s apps are available in Spain. Methods: We made a review of the diagnosis apps and websites of the different regions of Spain. We described the different characteristics of each app. Results: We analyzed 6 apps, 5 corresponding to Autonomous Communities and one from the Ministry of Health, as well as 4 website test from the respectively health region. There were detected multiples differences between the m-Health methods analysed from the information collected to the information shared to citizens. However, all m-Health methods asked about the classic triad symptoms: fever, cough and dyspnoea. Conclusion: Although the COVID-19 Spanish crisis have been lead from the Ministry of Health, it has been detected different methods to apply m-Health though the multiple Spanish regions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213005X20302676?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.002 id: cord-326798-5j8otrzs author: Guisado-Vasco, Pablo title: COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: NF-kB activation. Crossroads date: 2020-08-28 words: 523.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326798-5j8otrzs.txt summary: Since the first clinical reports, age and presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic lung disease, among other comorbidities, were identified as major risk factors of death among patients with COVID-19 [2-3] -including severe cases admitted to intensive care units [4] . Emerging data suggest that diabetes mellitus and obesity (BMI > 30) are common risk factors in COVID-19 patients, with a high prevalence rate that reaches nearly 21% [3] and 40%, respectively [6] . Recent research underscores this concept, reporting that obesity and diabetes mellitus are special risk factors for the progression of severe COVID-19 inflammatory lung response (7) . Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission Risk factors associated with acute respiratory syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.08.004 id: cord-325014-n7mnhk2v author: Gujski, Mariusz title: Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020 date: 2020-10-11 words: 4892.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325014-n7mnhk2v.txt summary: As the time window for a positive RT-PCR result is short, serological testing, which provides information about whether a person has been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, may be useful for epidemiological purposes to detect the overall burden of previous infection in a given community. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of current and past SARS-CoV-2 infections among police employees, a high-risk population due to their professional duties, during the COVID-19 epidemic. Neither sex (p =0.155) nor other variables listed in Figure 2 were significantly associated with the IgG results ( Figure 2 A logistic regression model predicting a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index was developed (Cox and Snell R Square at 0.015 andNagelkerke R Square at 0.033). After including all variables listed in Figures 1 and 2 along with the number of registered cases and deaths due to COVID-19 (per 10,000 inhabitants), only 4 variables showed a correlation with a positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to determine the prevalence of current and past SARS-CoV-2 infections among police employees. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 5082 police employees from Mazowieckie Province, Poland. RT-PCR testing for current SARS-CoV-2 infection and serological tests (ELISA) for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA and IgG antibodies were performed. Results: All RT-PCR tests were negative. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM+IgA index was positive (>8) in 8.9% of participants, including 11.2% women and 7.7% men (p < 0.001). Equivocal IgM+IgA index (6–8) was found in 9.8% of participants, including 11.9% women and 8.7% men (p < 0.001). The IgG index was positive (>6) in 4.3% and equivocal (4–6) in 13.2% of participants. A higher odds of positive IgM+IgA index was found in women vs. men (OR: 1.742) and police officers vs. civilian employees (OR: 1.411). Participants aged ≥60 years had a higher odds of positive IgG index vs. those aged 20–29 years (OR: 3.309). Daily vaping also increased the odds of positive IgG index (OR: 2.058). Conclusions: The majority of Polish police employees are seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaping and older age (≥60 years) were associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103245 doi: 10.3390/jcm9103245 id: cord-318976-ptutkd6o author: Gul, Fahad title: Meta-analysis of outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection with versus without gastrointestinal symptoms date: 2020-05-29 words: 1550.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318976-ptutkd6o.txt summary: Searching the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, we included any studies looking at patients with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) compared to those with COVID-19 but without gastrointestinal manifestations as a control group. Seven studies were identified but three were excluded: one due to lack of a control group without gastrointestinal symptoms, one reported as viral RNA in the stool, and one with only non-critically ill patients. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled odds ratio for mortality among those with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal symptoms of 0.91 (confidence interval 0.49–1.68) with heterogeneity of 0% and a pooled odds ratio for acute respiratory distress syndrome of 2.94 (confidence interval 1.17–7.40) with heterogeneity of 0%. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the current associations of GI symptoms to outcomes of mortality and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among patients with COVID-19. abstract: This systematic review analyzed whether the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection is associated with adverse outcomes. Searching the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, we included any studies looking at patients with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) compared to those with COVID-19 but without gastrointestinal manifestations as a control group. The final search yielded 186 articles, all of which were individually screened. Seven studies were identified but three were excluded: one due to lack of a control group without gastrointestinal symptoms, one reported as viral RNA in the stool, and one with only non-critically ill patients. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled odds ratio for mortality among those with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal symptoms of 0.91 (confidence interval 0.49–1.68) with heterogeneity of 0% and a pooled odds ratio for acute respiratory distress syndrome of 2.94 (confidence interval 1.17–7.40) with heterogeneity of 0%. In conclusion, gastrointestinal symptoms with COVID-19 are associated with a higher risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, but do not increase the risk for mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2020.1771164 doi: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1771164 id: cord-270781-f9nra823 author: Gulia, Ashish title: Sarcoma Care Practice in India During COVID Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey date: 2020-07-31 words: 3355.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270781-f9nra823.txt summary: We conducted a survey amongst oncologists across India who are involved in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, to analyse the patterns of screening, prioritising, and managing these patients within the constraints of resources and policies available with them. The purpose of this survey was to determine the consistency, or the lack of it, in the patterns of care offered to sarcoma patients between centres and the policies followed. This survey covered three main domains (a) participants speciality and working environment (b) Institutes'' policies related general COVID-19 prevention and management (c) practices related to musculoskeletal tumor management in COVID-19 pandemic. Surgical management of sarcomas was as per usual only in 15.5% of respondents, with the rest adapting, including 42% who were avoiding procedures requiring long duration and blood loss, 27% were operating only emergency cases, while in 15.5% surgery was done only in high grade sarcomas with curative intent (Fig. 5) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, management of cancer has been one of the most intensely debated topics across the globe. We conducted an online survey to determine the consistency/or the lack of it, in the management of sarcoma patients between centres and the changes in policies. METHODS: A twenty-five question online survey was conducted among practicing physicians over a period of 10 days using online portal (surveymonkey.com). It was followed by a critical analysis based on responses to each question. RESULTS: Of 194 medical professionals who participated, 80% were surgeons and 53% were working in government institutes. Most respondents (81%) continued their practice with some modifications. In OP majority (67%) relied only on symptom, contact enquiry and temperature recording for screening. COVID-19 testing was done more (43%) in IP patients. Most of institutes (83%) followed rotational policy to reduce the number of staff at risk while 57% offered an alternate accommodation. 52.3% continued chemotherapy for all patients while radiotherapy for all was offered by 45%. In metastatic cases, majority preferred either no treatment or non-surgical intervention (71%).84.5% believed in adapting changes (42%—avoid supra major surgeries, 27%—Operating only emergency cases and 15.5%—High grade sarcomas with curative intent) in surgical management of sarcomas. For benign bone tumors, majority (71%) agreed on adapting changes while 25% agreed on deferring all cases. 69% preferred teleconsultations for follow-up. Complete PPE were being used for all aerosol generating procedures by 44%. Only two thirds agreed with their institutes policy of PPE usage and COVID-19 testing. CONCLUSION: This survey has highlighted disparity on COVID-19 screening and management in various institutes across the country. This will act as a reference point for tracking future trends in bone and soft tissue tumor management guidelines, as the COVID-19 scenario unfolds globally and particularly in India. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836364/ doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00206-3 id: cord-320360-2qpcot6p author: Gumel, A. B. title: Will an imperfect vaccine curtail the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.? date: 2020-05-14 words: 6539.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320360-2qpcot6p.txt summary: Although the community-wide implementation of basic non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, such as social-distancing, quarantine of suspected COVID-19 cases, isolation of confirmed cases, use of face masks in public, and contact-tracing, have been quite effective in curtailing and mitigating the burden of the pandemic, it is universally believed that the use of an anti-COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to build the community herd immunity needed to effectively control and eliminate the pandemic. The effect of the combined implementation of vaccination and social-distancing strategies, on the control reproduction number of the model (2.1), is also monitored (for the US and the two US states of New York and Florida) by generating contour plots of R c , as a function of vaccine coverage and efficacy, for three levels (low, moder-11 for use under a CC0 license. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that emerged from Wuhan city of China in late December 2019 continue to pose devastating public health and economic challenges across the world. Although the community-wide implementation of basic non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, such as social-distancing, quarantine of suspected COVID-19 cases, isolation of confirmed cases, use of face masks in public, and contact-tracing, have been quite effective in curtailing and mitigating the burden of the pandemic, it is universally believed that the use of an anti-COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to build the community herd immunity needed to effectively control and eliminate the pandemic. This study is based on the design and use of a mathematical model for assessing the population-level impact of a hypothetical imperfect anti-COVID-19 vaccine on the control of COVID-19. An analytical expression for the minimum number of unvaccinated susceptible individuals needed to be vaccinated to achieve vaccine-induced community herd immunity is derived. The epidemiological consequence of the herd immunity threshold is that the disease can be effectively controlled or eliminated if the minimum herd immunity threshold is achieved in the community. Simulations of the model, using baseline parameter values obtained from fitting the model with mortality data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Florida, as well as for the entire US, show that, for an anti-COVID-19 vaccine with an assumed protective efficacy of 80%, the minimum herd immunity threshold for the entire US, state of New York and state of Florida are, respectively, 90%, 84% and 85%. Furthermore, it was shown that, while a significantly large increase in vaccination rate (from baseline) is necessarily needed to eliminate COVID-19 from the entire US, the pandemic can be eliminated from the states of New York and Florida if the vaccination rate is marginally increased (by as low as 10%) from its baseline value. The prospect of COVID-19 elimination in the US or in the two states of New York and Florida is greatly enhanced if the vaccination program is combined with a public mask use program or an effective social-distancing measure. Such combination of strategies significantly reduces the vaccine-induced herd immunity threshold. Finally, it is shown that the vaccination program is more likely to lead to COVID-19 elimination in the state of Florida, followed by the state of New York and then the entire US. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20097428 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20097428 id: cord-306599-oedkaf75 author: Gumina, Stefano title: The impact of COVID-19 on shoulder and elbow trauma. An Italian survey date: 2020-05-20 words: 1869.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306599-oedkaf75.txt summary: Materials and methods Patients managed in our Trauma Centre between 8th March 2020 and 8th April 2020 (COVID-19 period) for a shoulder and elbow trauma were retrospectively included and compared to patients admitted in the same period of 2019 (no COVID-19 period).Clinical records of all participants were examined to obtain information regarding age, sex, mechanism of injury, diagnosis. Conclusions During the COVID period, we provided a reduced number of health services, especially for patients with low energy trauma and for those who underwent sports and traffic accidents. During the COVID period, in our Trauma Center, we provided a reduced number of health 227 services, compared to the same time of the previous year, especially for those patients with low 228 energy trauma (contusions) and for those who underwent sports injuries and traffic accidents government restrictions imposed to limit COVID-19 spread. abstract: Abstract Background Because of the rapid spreading of COVID-19, on March 8th, Italy became a "protected area": people are told not to leave their homes unless for an essential reason. Aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of our Trauma Centre, relative to shoulder and elbow, in 30 days starting from March 8th, 2020, the first day of restrictions in Italy, and to compare it with the same days of 2019 to weight the impact of Covid-19 on the shoulder and elbow trauma. Materials and methods Patients managed in our Trauma Centre between 8th March 2020 and 8th April 2020 (COVID-19 period) for a shoulder and elbow trauma were retrospectively included and compared to patients admitted in the same period of 2019 (no COVID-19 period).Clinical records of all participants were examined to obtain information regarding age, sex, mechanism of injury, diagnosis. Results During no COVID-19 period, 133 patients were admitted for a shoulder or elbow trauma; in the COVID period, patients were 47(65% less first aid). In the no-COVID and COVID period, patients with shoulder contusion were 60 (14.78% of all) (M:34; F:26) (mean age: 51.8yrs; range: 18-88) and 11 (12.09% of all contusions) (M:7; F:4) (mean age: 43yrs; range: 24-60), respectively. In the no-COVID period, 27 fractures (9.34% of all fractures) involved the shoulder, while 18 fractures (8.69%) were registered in the COVID period. In the no-COVID period,14 elbow fractures were treated (4.8% of all fractures), and 4 in the COVID period. In the no-COVID and COVID periods, 6 (M:5; F:1) (mean age: 42yrs; range 21-64) and 2 (M: 1; F: 1) (mean age: 29.5yrs; range: 24-35 ) patients reported having the feeling of momentary post-traumatic shoulder instability; at the elbow, patients were 0 and 1 (M: 1; F: 0) (age: 56yrs), respectively. Finally, first or recurrent dislocations in the no-COVID period were 10 and 7 in the COVID period.; in the no-COVID period, elbow dislocations were 2, and 3 in the COVID-period. Conclusions During the COVID period, we provided a reduced number of health services, especially for patients with low energy trauma and for those who underwent sports and traffic accidents. However, during the COVID period, elderly subjects remain exposed to shoulder and elbow trauma due to low-energy (domestic) falls. The subsequent hospitalization of these patients has contributed to making more difficult the management of the hospital wards, partly occupied by COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713663/ doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.003 id: cord-316450-iw35sorz author: Gunjawate, Dhanshree R. title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey date: 2020-08-08 words: 3076.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316450-iw35sorz.txt summary: title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on professional practices of audiologists and speech-language pathologists in India: A knowledge, attitude and practices survey The present study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practices of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists in India using a cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practices survey. As members of health care, these professionals are expected to extend their services to patients and caregivers/bystanders exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19. Thus, it becomes relevant to know the impact of this outbreak and its associated symptoms on patient care and service delivery among Audiologists and Speech Language Pathologists. The present study was conducted with an aim to study the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practices of Audiologists and Speech Language The questionnaire comprising of 23 items; demographic details, knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19, and practices related to infection control. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world and become a global pandemic. This has hampered and led to drastic changes in the functioning of healthcare services, forcing the professionals to adapt and work efficiently. The present study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the professional practices of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists in India using a cross-sectional knowledge, attitude and practices survey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases; phase one involved development and validation of the questionnaire, while phase II involved data collection. A cross-sectional self-reported internet-based study using convenience sampling was carried out. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists responded to the survey. Overall, the professionals exhibited good knowledge levels regarding the COVID-19 outbreak. However, there were differences in their attitudes towards service delivery in the midst of the pandemic. Further, poor practices towards infection control measures especially in terms of hand washing was noted. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study are useful in highlighting the need to create better awareness among these professionals about appropriate and standard infection control measures. There is a need to have in place standard operating protocols for hand wash and infection control as well as inclusion in curriculum. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838065/ doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.07.009 id: cord-261834-x5ltmj30 author: Guo, Cheng-Xian title: Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 3438.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261834-x5ltmj30.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261834-x5ltmj30.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on children with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 in mainland China using the web crawler technique to collect anonymous COVID-19 updates published by local health authorities. In this report, we conducted a retrospective review of COVID-19 features in 341 pediatric patients with ages between 0 and 14 years with the overall goal of providing data that could help in the development of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pediatric COVID-19. This retrospective review was conducted in children aged 0-14 years with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 from local health authorities between January 15, 2020, and March 15, 2020, in mainland China. Although there is relatively ample information available for adult COVID-19 patients, our knowledge and analysis of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 is quite limited. The data was obtained from local China health authorities thus unable to compare the epidemiological and clinical data from US and European studies in children with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an extremely severe infectious disease. However, few studies have focused on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19. This study conducted a retrospective review of the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 in children. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on children with a definite diagnosis of COVID-19 in mainland China using the web crawler technique to collect anonymous COVID-19 updates published by local health authorities. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-one children aged 4 days to 14 years with a median age of 7 years were included. Sixty-six percent of pediatric patients were infected via family members with COVID-19. The median incubation period was 9 days (interquartile range, 6 to 13). Asymptomatic cases accounted for 5.9%, of which 30% had abnormal chest radiologic findings. A majority of pediatric COVID-19 cases showed mild to moderate clinical features, and only a few developed severe or critical diseases (0.6% and 0.3%, respectively). Fever (77.9%) and cough (32.4%) were the predominant presenting symptoms of pediatric COVID-19. The pediatric patients had fewer underlying diseases and complications than adults. The treatment modalities for pediatric COVID-19 patients were not as complex as those of adult COVID-19 patients. The overall prognosis of pediatric COVID-19 was benign with a decent recovery. The median time from onset to cure was 16 days (interquartile range, 13 to 21). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to adults, COVID-19 in children has distinct features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations. The findings from this study might help to guide the development of measures to prevent and treat this ongoing global pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (chictr.org.cn) identifier: ChiCTR2000030464. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01719-2 doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01719-2 id: cord-031885-by4cujyy author: Guo, Hai title: The digitalization and public crisis responses of small and medium enterprises: Implications from a COVID-19 survey date: 2020-09-15 words: 7545.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031885-by4cujyy.txt summary: The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities. Based on data from an online questionnaire survey conducted with 518 Chinese SMEs, the present study explores the relationships among digitalization, crisis response strategies to the COVID-19 outbreak, and the crisis response performance of SMEs. The survey results clearly show that digitalization can help SMEs employ emergency responses as well as respond strategically to public crises in the long run, thus contributing to the improvement in SMEs'' performance. For long-term crisis responses, SMEs prefer to implement digital transformation strategies (0.71) instead of strategic changes in products, markets, and external relations (0.54). As shown in Table 4 , the survey results generally indicate that the digitalization of SMEs is positively associated with the implementation of crisis response strategies, including both short-term emergency responses (p < 0.05) and long-term strategic responses (p < 0.001). abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak is a global crisis that has placed small and medium enterprises (SMEs) under huge pressure to survive, requiring them to respond effectively to the crisis. SMEs have adopted various digital technologies to cope with this crisis. Using a data set from a survey with 518 Chinese SMEs, the study examines the relationship between SMEs’ digitalization and their public crisis responses. The empirical results show that digitalization has enabled SMEs to respond effectively to the public crisis by making use of their dynamic capabilities. In addition, digitalization can help improve SMEs’ performance. We propose a theoretical framework of digitalization and crisis responses for SMEs and present three avenues for future research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7490323/ doi: 10.1186/s11782-020-00087-1 id: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author: Guo, Jing title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 words: 4486.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt summary: title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). The relationship between coping behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, insomnia, mental health problems. We found that direct exposure to COVID-19 and the impact on livelihood are important predictors of mental health problems, and that people found cognitive and prosocial ways to cope with the strains and stresses of the lockdown. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: −0.07, 95% CI: −0.10–−0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.34–−0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485859/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113857 id: cord-203191-7ftg6bfx author: Guo, Kai title: Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data date: 2020-05-16 words: 3729.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-203191-7ftg6bfx.txt summary: title: Identification of Repurposal Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Based on Single-cell RNA Sequencing Data To identify potentially repurposable drugs, we employed a systematic approach to mine candidates from U.S. FDA approved drugs and pre-clinical small-molecule compounds by integrating the gene expression perturbation data by chemicals from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project with publically available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from mild and severe COVID-19 patients. We also collected a list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung BALF using a bulk RNA-Seq analysis to compare against the single-cell-based data. Repurposing analysis in severe COVID-19 patients 60 potent drugs were also selected in severe cases compared to controls (severe vs healthy group) according to their average CS between the replicates, and 25 of them involved in more than one cell subtype ( Figure 2B , Supplementary Tables S8 & S9) . abstract: With more than 3.8 million people infected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a critical threat to human health. There is no proven vaccine or specific drug to date, which highlights the urgent need for rapid development of therapeutics for COVID-19. To identify potentially repurposable drugs, we employed a systematic approach to mine candidates from U.S. FDA approved drugs and pre-clinical small-molecule compounds by integrating the gene expression perturbation data by chemicals from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) project with publically available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from mild and severe COVID-19 patients. We identified 281 FDA approved drugs that have the potential to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 10 of which are currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy against COVID-19. In conclusion, we have identified a list of repurposable anti-SARS- CoV-2 drugs using a systems biology approach. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07856v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-354943-wxhbwcfr author: Guo, Li title: Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-21 words: 3486.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354943-wxhbwcfr.txt summary: METHODS: The host humoral response against SARS-CoV-2, including IgA, IgM, and IgG response, was examined by using an ELISA-based assay on the recombinant viral nucleocapsid protein. The positive detection rate is significantly increased (98.6%) when combining IgM ELISA assay with PCR for each patient compared with a single qPCR test (51.9%). Western blot analysis showed that there was no cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 rNP with human plasma positive for IgG antibodies against NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1. The antibody levels were then evaluated in the plasma samples of CCs and PCs. The appearance of IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was positive as early as day 1 after the symptom onset ( Figure 3A) . These results suggest that IgM ELISA can increase the positive detection rate when combined with the PCR method and can be used for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare threat. The current method of detection involves a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)–based technique, which identifies the viral nucleic acids when present in sufficient quantity. False-negative results can be achieved and failure to quarantine the infected patient would be a major setback in containing the viral transmission. We aim to describe the time kinetics of various antibodies produced against the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and evaluate the potential of antibody testing to diagnose COVID-19. METHODS: The host humoral response against SARS-CoV-2, including IgA, IgM, and IgG response, was examined by using an ELISA-based assay on the recombinant viral nucleocapsid protein. 208 plasma samples were collected from 82 confirmed and 58 probable cases (qPCR negative but with typical manifestation). The diagnostic value of IgM was evaluated in this cohort. RESULTS: The median duration of IgM and IgA antibody detection was 5 (IQR, 3–6) days, while IgG was detected 14 (IQR, 10–18) days after symptom onset, with a positive rate of 85.4%, 92.7%, and 77.9%, respectively. In confirmed and probable cases, the positive rates of IgM antibodies were 75.6% and 93.1%, respectively. The detection efficiency by IgM ELISA is higher than that of qPCR after 5.5 days of symptom onset. The positive detection rate is significantly increased (98.6%) when combining IgM ELISA assay with PCR for each patient compared with a single qPCR test (51.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, including subclinical cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32198501/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa310 id: cord-284365-g46myqe7 author: Guo, Qian title: Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: a mixed-method study date: 2020-05-19 words: 4758.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284365-g46myqe7.txt summary: Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN + QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P < 0.001). The Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item version (PHQ-9) (Kroenke et al., 2001) , Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment 7-item version (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) (Barbosa-Leiker et al., 2013a) , and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were used to assess the levels of psychological distress of all participants (Wortmann et al., 2016) . Compared with normal controls, patients with COVID-19 presented higher levels of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. abstract: Since the end of 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic. The mental status of patients with COVID-19 who have been quarantined and the interactions between their psychological distress and physiological levels of inflammation have yet to be analyzed. Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN + QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. The severity of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was measured via an on-line survey. Using a convenience sampling technique, qualitative data were collected until the point of data saturation. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted among five patients with COVID-19. Peripheral inflammatory markers were also collected in patients, both at baseline and within ± three days of completing the on-line survey. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P < 0.001). A gender effect was observed in the score of “Perceived Helplessness”, the subscale of PSS-10, with female patients showing higher scores compared to male patients (Z = 2.56, P = 0.010), female (Z = 2.37, P = 0.018) and male controls (Z = 2.87, P = 0.004). Levels of CRP, a peripheral inflammatory indicator, correlated positively with the PHQ-9 total score (R = .37, P = 0.003, Spearman’s correlation) of patients who presented symptoms of depression. Moreover, the change of CRP level from baseline inversely correlated with the PHQ-9 total score (R = -0.31, P = 0.002), indicative of improvement of depression symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed similar results with respect to patient reports of negative feelings, including fear, guilt, and helplessness. Stigma and uncertainty of viral disease progression were two main concerns expressed by COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that significant psychological distress was experienced by hospitalized COVID-19 patients and that levels of depressive features may be related to the inflammation markers in these patients. Thus, we recommend that necessary measures should be provided to address depression and other psychiatric symptoms for COVID-19 patients and attention should be paid to patient perceived stigma and coping strategies when delivering psychological interventions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120306188?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.038 id: cord-279415-s823mver author: Guo, Xiaodong title: Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China date: 2020-04-23 words: 3427.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279415-s823mver.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279415-s823mver.txt summary: We investigated the situation of infection of orthopaedic surgeons and trainees working in general wards, outpatient clinics, intensive care units, or operating rooms in Wuhan hospitals, and we further explored the possible risk factors at the individual level using a matched case-control study. The questionnaire included the information about demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, awareness to the outbreak at an early stage, COVID-19 exposure history, availability of and participation in the infection control training provided by the hospital, and individual protection practices (e.g., good hand-washing hygiene and wearing face masks). There was confirmed transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members Severe fatigue of orthopaedic surgeons during the 2 months before the outbreak of COVID-19 was found to be a risk factor for the infection (Table IV) (OR, 4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1 to 16]). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, the People’s Republic of China, in December 2019 and now is a pandemic all around the world. Some orthopaedic surgeons in Wuhan were infected with COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a survey to identify the orthopaedic surgeons who were infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information such as social demographic variables, clinical manifestations, exposure history, awareness of the outbreak, infection control training provided by hospitals, and individual protection practices. To further explore the possible risk factors at the individual level, a 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 26 orthopaedic surgeons from 8 hospitals in Wuhan were identified as having COVID-19. The incidence in each hospital varied from 1.5% to 20.7%. The onset of symptoms was from January 13 to February 5, 2020, and peaked on January 23, 8 days prior to the peak of the public epidemic. The suspected sites of exposure were general wards (79.2%), public places at the hospital (20.8%), operating rooms (12.5%), the intensive care unit (4.2%), and the outpatient clinic (4.2%). There was transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members (20.8%), to colleagues (4.2%), to patients (4.2%), and to friends (4.2%). Participation in real-time training on prevention measures was found to have a protective effect against COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.12). Not wearing an N95 respirator was found to be a risk factor (OR, 5.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09 to 25.00]). Wearing respirators or masks all of the time was found to be protective (OR, 0.15). Severe fatigue was found to be a risk factor (OR, 4 [95% CI, 1 to 16]) for infection with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic surgeons are at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Common places of work could be contaminated. Orthopaedic surgeons have to be more vigilant and take more precautions to avoid infection with COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00417 id: cord-346987-fbqqf00i author: Guo, Yongwen title: Controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in orthodontic practice date: 2020-06-05 words: 4660.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346987-fbqqf00i.txt summary: ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has attracted worldwide concerns because of its high person-to-person infectivity and lethality, and it was labeled as a pandemic as the rapid increase of confirmed cases in most areas around the world became evident. Although the spread of COVID-19 has been effectively controlled in China and many areas have gradually resumed work and classes, orthodontic participants are still under high risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. What''s more, the close contact between dental staffs and patients as well as the droplets and aerosols generated during treatment containing saliva and blood further increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practice 5 . We must constantly bear in mind that the threat of infection is not visible which poses a challenge on the orthodontic practice thus effective control measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and protect both practitioners and patients from the COVID-19. abstract: ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has attracted worldwide concerns because of its high person-to-person infectivity and lethality, and it was labeled as a pandemic as the rapid increase of confirmed cases in most areas around the world became evident. The SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. There are also evidences of transmission through aerosols and digestive tracts. Since orthodontic treatment involves large population who need routine return-visits, it was significantly affected and suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shutdown of the dental clinics and hospitals. Although the spread of COVID-19 has been effectively controlled in China and many areas have gradually resumed work and classes, orthodontic participants are still under high risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is due to the asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or patients in the incubation period may cause the cross infection between orthodontic practitioners and patients. The close proximity between the practitioners and the patients, and the generation of droplets and aerosols that contain saliva and blood during treatment further increase the risks of transmission. In this review, we summarized the preventive strategies for controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to protect both staffs and patients during the orthodontic practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.006 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.006 id: cord-312748-9v2bmbod author: Guo, Zhen title: Anticoagulation Management in Severe COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-09-04 words: 3126.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312748-9v2bmbod.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To explore special coagulation characteristics and anticoagulation management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assisted patients with coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients are common and possibly increase the propensity for thrombotic events and failure of the oxygenator. A majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have mild symptoms and recover completely; however, approximately 5-14% become severely or critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission 3 . This study aims to summarize the coagulation characteristics, anticoagulation management, and complications of COVID-19 patients who received ECMO support in Shanghai, China. In this study we found that the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were different from those of other viral pneumonia patients in terms of ECMO anticoagulation management and coagulation-related complications. In summary, hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients were common and possibly increased the propensity for thrombotic events and oxygenator membrane failure. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore special coagulation characteristics and anticoagulation management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assisted patients with coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: This study is single center retrospective observation of a series of patients. PARTICIPANTS: Laboratory-confirmed severe COVID-19 patients who received venovenous ECMO support from January 20(th) to May 20(th), 2020. INTERVENTIONS: This study analyzed the anticoagulation management and monitoring strategies, bleeding complications, and thrombotic events during ECMO support. RESULTS: Eight of 667 confirmed COVID-19 patients received venovenous ECMO and had an elevated D-dimer before and during ECMO support. An ECMO circuit pack (oxygenator and tubing) was replaced a total of 13 times in all eight patients and coagulation related complications included oxygenator thrombosis (7/8), tracheal hemorrhage (5/8), oronasal hemorrhage (3/8), thoracic hemorrhage (3/8), bleeding at puncture sites (4/8), and cannulation site hemorrhage (2/8). CONCLUSIONS: Hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients are common and possibly increase the propensity for thrombotic events and failure of the oxygenator. Currently there is not enough evidence to support a more aggressive anticoagulation strategy. url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.067 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.067 id: cord-276908-9jthjf24 author: Gupta, Akanksha title: COVID‐19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives date: 2020-07-06 words: 5174.0 sentences: 385.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt summary: In last two decades, entire world faced three major outbreaks of coronaviruses like Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and novel coronavirus disease i.e., COVID-19. Previously, CoV causes an epidemic of SARS in humans and infected thousands viruses belong to family Coronaviridae, which shows crown-like appearances under an electron microscope. A recent study published, relied on this approach, using the predicted structure of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins based on their homology with other known coronavirus protein structures, and identified several compounds with potential antiviral activity. [39, 77] A biological preparation provides active acquired immunity against particular infectious disease like COVID19 [51, 68] 5 Shenzhen, China SARS-CoV, NL63, HKU1 The organosulfur in the essential garlic oil inhibit the ACE2 (host-receptor site of the virus) and main protease of the virus as well as to treat the infection due to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: Wuhan, a city of China, is the epicenter for the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). It has become a severe public health challenge to the world and established a public health emergency of international worry. This infectious disease has pulled down the economy of almost all top developed nations. The coronaviruses (CoVs) known for various epidemics caused time to time. Infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), followed by COVID‐19, are all coronaviruses led outbreaks that scourged the history of mankind. CoVs evolved themselves to more infectious, transmissible, and more pandemic with time. To prevent the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2, many countries have ordered the complete lockdown to combat the outbreak. This paper briefly discussed the historical background of CoVs and the evolution of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), the case studies and the development of their antiviral medications. The viral infection encountered with present‐day challenges and futuristic approaches with the help of nanotechnology to minimize the spread of infectious viruses. The antiviral drugs and their clinical advances, along with herbal medicines for viral inhibition and immunity boosters, are described. Elaboration of tables related to CoVs for the compilation of the literature has been adopted for the better understanding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835089/ doi: 10.1002/slct.202001709 id: cord-031984-kcs6oukj author: Gupta, Amitesh title: Estimating the Impact of Daily Weather on the Temporal Pattern of COVID-19 Outbreak in India date: 2020-09-17 words: 5018.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031984-kcs6oukj.txt summary: Daily maximum (T(Max)), minimum (T(Min)), mean (T(Mean)) and dew point temperature (T(Dew)), wind speed (WS), relative humidity, and diurnal range in temperature and relative humidity during March 01 to June 04, 2020 over 9 major affected cities are analyzed to look into the impact of daily weather on COVID-19 infections on that day and 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 days before those cases were detected (i.e., on the likely transmission days). Since all the selected cities are located in different bio-climatic zones having different temperature characteristics (Gupta 2017) , the variations in meteorological observations will also help to identify how spatially varying weather conditions influence the pattern of COVID-19 transmission in India. Unlike most studies, the present study investigated the impact of various weather parameters which include maximum, minimum, mean, and dew point temperature, temperature range, average humidity, humidity range and wind speed on the same day, as well as with time-lags of 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days prior to detection of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Indian context. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread obstreperously in India. The increase in daily confirmed cases accelerated significantly from ~ 5 additional new cases (ANC)/day during early March up to ~ 249 ANC/day during early June. An abrupt change in this temporal pattern was noticed during mid-April, from which can be inferred a much reduced impact of the nationwide lockdown in India. Daily maximum (T(Max)), minimum (T(Min)), mean (T(Mean)) and dew point temperature (T(Dew)), wind speed (WS), relative humidity, and diurnal range in temperature and relative humidity during March 01 to June 04, 2020 over 9 major affected cities are analyzed to look into the impact of daily weather on COVID-19 infections on that day and 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 days before those cases were detected (i.e., on the likely transmission days). Spearman’s correlation exhibits significantly lower association with WS, T(Max), T(Min), T(Mean), T(Dew), but is comparatively better with a lag of 14 days. Support Vector regression successfully estimated the count of confirmed cases (R(2) > 0.8) at a lag of 12–16 days, thus reflecting a probable incubation period of 14 ± 02 days in India. Approximately 75% of total cases were registered when T(Max), T(Mean), T(Min), T(Dew), and WS at 12–16 days previously were varying within the range of 33.6–41.3 °C, 29.8–36.5 °C, 24.8–30.4 °C, 18.7–23.6 °C, and 4.2–5.75 m/s, respectively. Thus, we conclude that coronavirus transmission is not well correlated (linearly) with any individual weather parameter; rather, transmission is susceptible to a certain weather pattern. Hence multivariate non-linear approach must be employed instead. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494434/ doi: 10.1007/s41748-020-00179-1 id: cord-264180-0vd3tr9j author: Gupta, Anupam K title: Is It Safe to Perform Lung Surgery During the Coronavirus Pandemic? date: 2020-08-14 words: 1635.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264180-0vd3tr9j.txt summary: All patients who remained for at least one-day inpatient post-lung surgery were assessed to see if they had an increased incidence of coronavirus infection during the hospital stay or at the follow-up office visit. As of April 20, 2020, we have reported 55 cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) care at our tertiary medical center Boca Raton Regional Hospital (400 bedded hospital) in Florida and over 250 coronavirus positive patients. From February 1, 2020, to April 14, 2020, the patients who underwent lung surgery were evaluated for the incidence of coronavirus infection during the hospital stay and on postoperative follow-up. Patients underwent surgery after triage and if they fulfilled guidelines set by the American College of Surgeons and hospital review board, so that hospital resources were not exhausted during an increasing number of COVID cases in our community. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients are rapidly growing in our community. Patients with compromised lungs and older age are supposedly at high risk of poor outcomes with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 impact on lung surgery during this pandemic at our hospital. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of all lung surgery patients at our hospital in Boca Raton over three months (February to April 2020). All patients who remained for at least one-day inpatient post-lung surgery were assessed to see if they had an increased incidence of coronavirus infection during the hospital stay or at the follow-up office visit. Results: A total of 44 patients underwent thoracic surgery. It was found that there was no incidence of coronavirus infection in these patients. Conclusion: With adequate precautions, older patients can undergo lung surgery during this pandemic. There was no incidence of COVID-19 found among the patients during the hospital stay or at the first follow-up in the office. Also, the postoperative course was not adversely affected. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944464/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9749 id: cord-330640-6ityxc64 author: Gupta, Ashim title: Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective date: 2020-08-11 words: 5159.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330640-6ityxc64.txt summary: In the case of pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI) [12] , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [13, 14] and sepsis studies investigating therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated safety and some positive effects on these conditions [11] . Another study demonstrated that the efficacy of MSC-based therapy is enhanced with lipid conjugated heparin coating; and the human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) delivered to the damaged liver resulted in significantly improved recovery from ALF in a mouse model. Majority of the studies focusing on MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated regenerative potential, immune-modulatory functions, anti-inflammatory effects, similar to their parents, i.e. Mesenchymal stem cells [44, 45] . In preclinical set up, MSC-derived exosomes have demonstrated aptitude as an acellular alternative to cell-based therapy, against Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [46] . Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Inluenza A (H7N9) infection: A hint for COVID-19 treatment. abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause for the COVID-19 infection-related morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical evidences suggest increased level of cytokines and chemokines targeting lung tissue as a prominent etiological factor. The immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the alternative therapy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is well known. Several studies have also revealed that similar therapeutic impacts of parent MSCs are also exhibited by MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. In this review, we explored the therapeutic potential of both MSCs and exosomes in mitigating the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm as well as promoting the regeneration of alveolar tissue, attributed to the intrinsic cytokines and growth factor present in the secretome. The preliminary studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of MSCs and exosomes in mitigating symptoms associated with COVID-19. Thus, they can be used on compassionate basis, owing to their ability to endogenously repair and decrease the inflammatory reactions involved in the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. However, more preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to understand their mechanism of action and further establish their safety and efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-020-00407-w doi: 10.1007/s13577-020-00407-w id: cord-198180-pwmr3m4o author: Gupta, Deepti title: Future Smart Connected Communities to Fight COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-20 words: 8233.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-198180-pwmr3m4o.txt summary: IoT and smart connected technologies together with data-driven applications can play a crucial role not only in prevention, continuous monitoring, and mitigation of the disease, but also enable prompt enforcement of guidelines, rules and government orders to contain such future outbreaks. We propose different architectures, applications and technology systems for various smart infrastructures including E-health, smart home, smart supply chain management, smart locality, and smart city, to develop future connected communities to manage and mitigate similar outbreaks. IoT technology including smart sensors, actuators, and devices and data driven applications can enable smart connected com-13 https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2018/08/16/iot-market-predicted-to-double-by-2021-reaching-520b/#82674f91f948 14 https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/se/internet-of-things/at-a-glance-c45-731471.pdf munities to strengthen the health and economical postures of the nations to fight against the current COVID-19 situation and other future pandemics efficiently. The architecture integrates a hybrid cloud and edge computing nodes together with IoT and smart sensor devices, to enable real-time and data-driven services and applications needed in COVID-19 pandemics. abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly in the last decade and continue to develop in terms of dimension and complexity offering wide range of devices to support diverse set of applications. With ubiquitous Internet, connected sensors and actuators, networking and communication technology, and artificial intelligence (AI), smart cyber-physical systems (CPS) provide services rendering assistance to humans in their daily lives. However, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 (also known as coronavirus) pandemic has exposed and highlighted the limitations of current technological deployments to curtail this disease. IoT and smart connected technologies together with data-driven applications can play a crucial role not only in prevention, continuous monitoring, and mitigation of the disease, but also enable prompt enforcement of guidelines, rules and government orders to contain such future outbreaks. In this paper, we envision an IoT-enabled ecosystem for intelligent monitoring, pro-active prevention and control, and mitigation of COVID-19. We propose different architectures, applications and technology systems for various smart infrastructures including E-health, smart home, smart supply chain management, smart locality, and smart city, to develop future connected communities to manage and mitigate similar outbreaks. Furthermore, we present research challenges together with future directions to enable and develop these smart communities and infrastructures to fight and prepare against such outbreaks. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10477v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-317906-u5z5cpfk author: Gupta, Ishita title: Atypical Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 words: 2184.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317906-u5z5cpfk.txt summary: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to a group of RNA-enveloped viruses and believed to be transmitted by aerosol route, is a worldwide pandemic. However, to our knowledge, there are minimal studies on the neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our review aims to identify the various neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, which could be an added advantage in the early diagnosis and prevention of further complications of the nervous system. Other non-neurological symptoms were diarrhea, anorexia, myalgia, sore throat, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, headache, arthralgia, nausea, and vomiting (see Figure 2 and Table 3 ) [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . The presentation of olfactory symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-affected patients is due to the fact that the illness spreads through the cribriform plate, which is in close proximity to the olfactory region [30] . Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to a group of RNA-enveloped viruses and believed to be transmitted by aerosol route, is a worldwide pandemic. Many studies have described typical clinical manifestations such as fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, and nasal congestion. However, to our knowledge, there are minimal studies on the neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our review aims to identify the various neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, which could be an added advantage in the early diagnosis and prevention of further complications of the nervous system. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8518 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8518 id: cord-266650-2kkw9nwa author: Gupta, L. title: Management of rheumatic diseases in the times of COVID-19 pandemic- perspectives of rheumatology practitioners from India date: 2020-04-07 words: 2581.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266650-2kkw9nwa.txt summary: Most rheumatologists perceived the need to change treatment of RDs during the COVID-19 pandemic; reduce immunosuppression and defer the usage of rituximab and bDMARDs. Objective. The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to widespread concerns about the risk of infection in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) receiving disease modifying antrheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other immunosuppressants (IS). Most rheumatologists perceived the need to change treatment of RDs during the COVID-19 pandemic; reduce immunosuppression and defer the usage of rituximab and bDMARDs. Competing interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest Contributorship: All authors were involved in ideation, data collection and manuscript preparation. o There is an urgent need to revise the management of rheumatic diseases as perceived by a large group of practicing rheumatologists in India in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background. The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to widespread concerns about the risk of infection in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) receiving disease modifying ant-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and other immunosuppressants (IS). Methods. A SurveyMonkey based electronic survey was conducted amongst members of the Indian Rheumatology Association to understand the need for changes in prevailing practices. Results. Of the 861 invitees, 221 responded. In the wake of the pandemic, 47.5% would reduce biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) while only 12.2% would reduce the use of conventional synthetic DMARDs. 64.2% were likely to defer change in IS, the reluctance being most with rituximab (58.3%) followed by cyclophosphamide (53.3%), anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents (52.4%) and Janus kinase inhibitors (34.39%). Hydroxychloroquine was the preferred choice (81.9%) for the treatment of COVID-19 followed by protease inhibitors (22.1%) and intravenous immunoglobulin (8.1%). Chloroquine was less preferred (19%). More than two-thirds (70.5%) believed that COVID-19 might trigger macrophage activation syndrome. Social distancing (98.1%) and hand hygiene (74.6%) were recommended by majority. 62.8% would avoid touch for clinical examination whenever feasible. Conclusion. Most rheumatologists perceived the need to change treatment of RDs during the COVID-19 pandemic; reduce immunosuppression and defer the usage of rituximab and bDMARDs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20048389 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20048389 id: cord-354575-f5fq75up author: Gupta, Latika title: Scholarly publishing and journal targeting in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists and other specialists date: 2020-10-13 words: 3578.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354575-f5fq75up.txt summary: An anonymised and validated e-survey featuring 30 questions was circulated among rheumatologists and other specialists over social media to understand preferences while choosing target journals, publishing standards, commercial editing services, preprint archiving, social media and alternative publication activities. High-quality peer review (56%), full and immediate open access (46%) and post-publication social media promotion (32%) were identified as key anticipated features of scholarly publishing in the foreseeable future. The survey was designed to evaluate the perceptions about scholarly journals (1), preferences while choosing a target journal (2), ''predatory'' journals (4), use of commercial editing agencies (5), preprint archiving (2), grey literature (2), social media (3), print copies of journals (1), search platforms (1), and desirable features of scholarly publishing in the foreseeable future (1). To conclude, the perceptions and practices of scholars, particularly from non-mainstream science countries, call for greater access to free publishing and archiving, attention to proper use of academic English and editing skills, and a larger role for engagement over social media to enhance research and publishing in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The evolving research landscape in the time of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic calls for greater understanding of the perceptions of scholars regarding the current state and future of publishing. An anonymised and validated e-survey featuring 30 questions was circulated among rheumatologists and other specialists over social media to understand preferences while choosing target journals, publishing standards, commercial editing services, preprint archiving, social media and alternative publication activities. Of 108 respondents, a significant proportion were clinicians (68%), researchers (60%) and educators (47%), with median 23 publications and 15 peer-review accomplishments. The respondents were mainly rheumatologists from India, Ukraine and Turkey. While choosing target journals, relevance to their field (69%), PubMed Central archiving (61%) and free publishing (59%) were the major factors. Thirty-nine surveyees (36%) claimed that they often targeted local journals for publishing their research. However, only 18 (17%) perceived their local society journals as trustworthy. Occasional publication in the so-called predatory journals (5, 5%) was reported and obtaining support from commercial editing agencies to improve English and data presentation was not uncommon (23, 21%). The opinion on preprint archiving was disputed; only one-third believed preprints were useful. High-quality peer review (56%), full and immediate open access (46%) and post-publication social media promotion (32%) were identified as key anticipated features of scholarly publishing in the foreseeable future. These perceptions of surveyed scholars call for greater access to free publishing, attention to proper usage of English and editing skills, and a larger role for engagement over social media. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04718-x doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04718-x id: cord-330717-uzrxtgrg author: Gupta, Madhu title: The need for COVID-19 research in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-01 words: 1840.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330717-uzrxtgrg.txt summary: We therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in lowand middle-income countries: transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the impact of pandemic prevention and response measures. Targeted research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVID-19 in lowand middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources, funding, or medical supplies from response activities. We propose three broad research questions to inform public health and policy responses to COVID-19 in LMICs: (1) how do the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission differ in resource-poor settings? A more thorough understanding of the relationship between climate, seasonality, and virus transmissibility could provide insights into the potential course of the pandemic in LMICs that tend to be warmer and more humid, supporting preparedness and response efforts in these settings. abstract: In the early months of the pandemic, most reported cases and deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in high-income countries. However, insufficient testing could have led to an underestimation of true infections in many low- and middle-income countries. As confirmed cases increase, the ultimate impact of the pandemic on individuals and communities in low- and middle-income countries is uncertain. We therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in low- and middle-income countries: transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the impact of pandemic prevention and response measures. Answering these questions will require a multidisciplinary approach led by local investigators and in some cases additional resources. Targeted research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources, funding, or medical supplies from response activities. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00159-y doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00159-y id: cord-255149-mqsk7kiz author: Gupta, Nikhil title: It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown date: 2020-05-26 words: 500.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255149-mqsk7kiz.txt summary: authors: Gupta, Nikhil; Agrawal, Himanshu title: It Will Be a Different World for Surgeons Post-COVID-19 Lockdown 1. All patients posted for elective surgery may have to undergo preoperative COVID-19 testing. 4. Wearing PPE kit by surgeons, anaesthetists, and nursing staff in doubtful cases will again inflate patient''s bill. 6. We will have to be prepared for a scenario in which patient is negative for COVID-19 preoperatively but becomes symptomatic and positive after the surgery. Whether patient can demand test report of surgeon and other health care workers? If a confirmed/ suspected case requiring emergency surgery is brought to a nursing home/small setup which is not well equipped to deal with COVID-19 patients, what should a surgeon do? Association of Surgeons of India, being an umbrella body for all other surgical societies, should come up with detailed guidelines for post-COVID-19 era conducive for both patients and surgeons. AMASI (Association of Minimal Access Surgeons of India) guidelines for conducting minimal access surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837059/ doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02392-8 id: cord-260162-5037khjy author: Gupta, Nivedita title: Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020 date: 2020-04-28 words: 1285.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260162-5037khjy.txt summary: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. In India, the initial COVID-19 testing strategy included people who had international travel history with symptoms, symptomatic contacts of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and symptomatic healthcare workers managing respiratory distress/severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) 6 . In addition, to track the progression of the epidemic in the early phase, stored samples of SARI patients hospitalized since February 15, 2020 were also tested for COVID-19 under the Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network (VRDLN). About a third of COVID-19 positive SARI cases did not have any history of contact with laboratory-confirmed case or international travel, and such cases were reported from 36 Indian districts in 15 States. abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. METHODS: SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts. url: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1035_20 doi: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1035_20 id: cord-150218-javbnjrg author: Gupta, Prateek title: COVI-AgentSim: an Agent-based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing date: 2020-10-30 words: 13386.0 sentences: 673.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-150218-javbnjrg.txt summary: We use COVI-AgentSim to perform cost-benefit analyses comparing no DCT to: 1) standard binary contact tracing (BCT) that assigns binary recommendations based on binary test results; and 2) a rule-based method for feature-based contact tracing (FCT) that assigns a graded level of recommendation based on diverse individual features. We call these methods feature-based contact tracing (FCT), and hypothesize they could provide an important and effective means of reducing the spread of the disease, perhaps even more effectively than BCT at lower adoption rates. Recognizing this potential, we propose COVI-AgentSim -a software testbed 2 to design, evaluate and benchmark DCT methods using cost-benefit analysis in terms of lives saved, reduction in effective reproductive number (R t ) of the virus, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and productive hours lost. A key difference in our simulator is the rich set of individual-level features (including e.g. pre-existing medical conditions), which allow us to benchmark feature-based contact tracing methods, and also allow for stratification over a larger variety of subgroups. abstract: The rapid global spread of COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented demand for effective methods to mitigate the spread of the disease, and various digital contact tracing (DCT) methods have emerged as a component of the solution. In order to make informed public health choices, there is a need for tools which allow evaluation and comparison of DCT methods. We introduce an agent-based compartmental simulator we call COVI-AgentSim, integrating detailed consideration of virology, disease progression, social contact networks, and mobility patterns, based on parameters derived from empirical research. We verify by comparing to real data that COVI-AgentSim is able to reproduce realistic COVID-19 spread dynamics, and perform a sensitivity analysis to verify that the relative performance of contact tracing methods are consistent across a range of settings. We use COVI-AgentSim to perform cost-benefit analyses comparing no DCT to: 1) standard binary contact tracing (BCT) that assigns binary recommendations based on binary test results; and 2) a rule-based method for feature-based contact tracing (FCT) that assigns a graded level of recommendation based on diverse individual features. We find all DCT methods consistently reduce the spread of the disease, and that the advantage of FCT over BCT is maintained over a wide range of adoption rates. Feature-based methods of contact tracing avert more disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per socioeconomic cost (measured by productive hours lost). Our results suggest any DCT method can help save lives, support re-opening of economies, and prevent second-wave outbreaks, and that FCT methods are a promising direction for enriching BCT using self-reported symptoms, yielding earlier warning signals and a significantly reduced spread of the virus per socioeconomic cost. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.16004v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273815-7ftztaqn author: Gupta, R. K. title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-07-26 words: 4918.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273815-7ftztaqn.txt summary: We also assessed the discrimination of each candidate model for standardised outcomes of: (a) our composite endpoint of clinical deterioration; and (b) mortality, across a range of pre-specified time horizons from admission (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission), by calculating time-dependent AUROCs (with cumulative sensitivity and dynamic specificity) 18 . In order to further benchmark the performance of candidate prognostic models, we then computed AUROCs for a limited number of univariable predictors considered to be of highest importance a priori, based on clinical knowledge and existing data, for prediction of our composite endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission). We compared net benefit for each prognostic model (for its original intended endpoint) to the strategies of treating all patients, treating no patients, and using the most discriminating univariable predictor for either deterioration (i.e. oxygen saturation on air) or mortality (i.e. patient age) to stratify treatment (Supplementary Figure 9 ). abstract: Background The number of proposed prognostic models for COVID-19, which aim to predict disease outcomes, is growing rapidly. It is not known whether any are suitable for widespread clinical implementation. We addressed this question by independent and systematic evaluation of their performance among hospitalised COVID-19 cases. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study to assess candidate prognostic models, identified through a living systematic review. We included consecutive adults admitted to a secondary care hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed community-acquired COVID-19 (1st February to 30th April 2020). We reconstructed candidate models as per their original descriptions and evaluated performance for their original intended outcomes (clinical deterioration or mortality) and time horizons. We assessed discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calibration using calibration plots, slopes and calibration-in-the-large. We calculated net benefit compared to the default strategies of treating all and no patients, and against the most discriminating predictor in univariable analyses, based on a limited subset of a priori candidates. Results We tested 22 candidate prognostic models among a cohort of 411 participants, of whom 180 (43.8%) and 115 (28.0%) met the endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality, respectively. The highest AUROCs were achieved by the NEWS2 score for prediction of deterioration over 24 hours (0.78; 95% CI 0.73-0.83), and a novel model for prediction of deterioration <14 days from admission (0.78; 0.74-0.82). Calibration appeared generally poor for models that used probability outcomes. In univariable analyses, admission oxygen saturation on room air was the strongest predictor of in-hospital deterioration (AUROC 0.76; 0.71-0.81), while age was the strongest predictor of in-hospital mortality (AUROC 0.76; 0.71-0.81). No prognostic model demonstrated consistently higher net benefit than using the most discriminating univariable predictors to stratify treatment, across a range of threshold probabilities. Conclusions Oxygen saturation on room air and patient age are strong predictors of deterioration and mortality among hospitalised adults with COVID-19, respectively. None of the prognostic models evaluated offer incremental value for patient stratification to these univariable predictors. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.24.20149815v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20149815 id: cord-334391-0172afa1 author: Gupta, Rahul title: The double edged interferon riddle in COVID-19 pathogenesis date: 2020-11-01 words: 593.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334391-0172afa1.txt summary: I would like to humbly add some views to it: there has been two varying reported type I interferon responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis [2] : one stating the suppression of host antiviral type I interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and other stating increased expression of different ISGs, with further inductions of chemokines and cytokines [2] . The viral Nsps (particularly Nsp1) and the ORFs (particularly ORF 6) are known to antagonise the host antiviral IFNs initially by suppressing/delaying their expressions, leading to viral persistence and propagating inflammations. Hence, neither type I IFN nor type III IFN, which are known hard-wired for providing antiviral immunity, was activated in early stages of COVID-19. Aberrant production of NETs have been known to cause severe COVID-like pathophysiologies-thrombosis, lung damage, ARDS, multiorgan damage, etc. The initial type 1IFN suppression could lead to enhanced infiltration of neutrophils, NET formation and ensuing pathophysiologies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33131507/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03337-z id: cord-288770-hquc2v2c author: Gupta, Rajan title: A Comprehensive Analysis of COVID-19 Outbreak situation in India date: 2020-04-11 words: 5868.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288770-hquc2v2c.txt summary: With so much happening in India right now, it becomes imperative that we study the current situation and impact of various such events in India through data analysis methods and come up with different plans for future which can be helpful for the Indian administrators and medical professionals. Also, the studies in Indian region from the past are more focused on presenting time series analysis based on the overall data for Indian region rather than covering other sources of information apart from just considering the number of infected patients, so the need to analyze the patients background and information is required for the authorities to get better insight about the situation. Studied like [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] worked on various mathematical models to determine the spread of the disease, predict the number of infected patients, commenting on the preparedness for each country in tackling COVID-19 4 spread and finding the patterns of flattening curve in different conditions. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 in different parts of the world is a major concern for all the administrative units of respective countries. India is also facing this very tough task for controlling the virus outbreak and has managed its growth rate through some strict measures. This study presents the current situation of coronavirus spread in India along with the impact of various measures taken for it. With the help of data sources (till 7th-8th April 2020) from various state units of India and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, this study presents various trends and patterns. This study answers six different research ques-tions in a comprehensive manner. It has been reported that growth rate of infected cases has been controlled with the help of National Lockdown, however some uncontrolled mass level events had negatively impacted the infected cases. With the help of exponential and polyno-mial regression modelling, the predictions of up to 75000 cases have been done by the end of April 2020. It has also been seen that there are some prominent clusters and patient nodes in the network of patients which are the major influencers for COVID-19 spread. Also, death rate case predictions have been done through multi-class classification models with an accuracy of 75%. At the end, strategies for continuation for lockdown has been discussed and presented. It appears that only essential services should be open for the citizens of India and the national lockdown should be carried on for next 2-4 weeks. This study will be useful for the Government of India and various states of India, Administrative Units of India, Frontline health workforce of India, researchers and scientists. This study will also be favorable for the administrative units of other countries to consider various aspects related to the control of COVID-19 outspread in their respective regions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20058347 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20058347 id: cord-293570-gh6ykmea author: Gupta, Rajib K. title: Spectrum of podocytopathies in new-onset nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 disease: a report of 2 cases date: 2020-08-04 words: 3479.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293570-gh6ykmea.txt summary: Renal biopsy findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting solely with acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been described in published literature in few case reports. We herein describe two cases where the patients presented primarily with nephrotic syndrome with a temporal association with COVID-19; the two renal biopsies showed two different histologic lesions on light microscopy (at least on initial biopsy) with diffuse podocytopathy as the sole ultrastructural lesion for both cases. BP was controlled to 128/84 mmHg. Follow-up: Two subsequent COVID-19 RT-PCR tests came back negative on the 4th and the 5th of May. He was commenced on oral prednisone 60 mg a day on the 8th of May. Unfortunately, there was no response to high-dose steroids and the patient continued to have nephrotic-range proteinuria and worsening renal function. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic which has affected over 12 million people across the globe. Manifestations in different organs systems are being reported regularly. Renal biopsy findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting solely with acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been described in published literature in few case reports. The findings include diffuse acute tubular injury (ATI) along with the glomerular lesion of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG). However, nephrotic syndrome as the presenting complaint of COVID-19 has not been reported widely, neither has any other glomerular lesion other than CG. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the kidney biopsy findings of two patients who had recent diagnoses of COVID-19 and presented with new-onset nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy in both patients showed ATI (as in previous reports) and distinct glomerular findings on light microscopy – that of minimal change disease (MCD) initially in one patient followed by CG in a subsequent biopsy and CG at the outset in the other patient. The electron microscopic findings in both patients were that of severe podocytopathy (diffuse and severe podocyte foot process effacement). CONCLUSION: Our cases highlight a novel clinical presentation of COVID-19 renal disease, not described before, that of new-onset nephrotic syndrome. While all published case reports describe CG as the glomerular pathology, we describe a non-CG pathology (MCD) in one of our cases, thereby adding to the repertoire of renal pathology described in association with COVID-19 patients. However, the exact mechanism by which podocyte injury or podocytopathy occurs in all such cases is still unknown. Optimal treatment options for these patients also remains unknown at this time. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-01970-y doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01970-y id: cord-272154-nrm9ulj5 author: Gupta, Ravi title: Guidelines of the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) for Practice of Sleep Medicine during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-04 words: 5690.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272154-nrm9ulj5.txt summary: Under these circumstances, the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) created a task force to develop guidelines for the practice of sleep medicine, not only for the Indian environment but also for other countries that are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As sleep services resume operations, there is a need to find innovative ways to reduce contact with COVID-19 patients, follow personal protection guidelines, as well as social distancing. Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) created a task force to develop guidelines for the practice of sleep medicine that are applicable not only to India but also to other countries that are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Various levels of sleep studies, telemedicine, and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy are the major aspects, given emphasis by the task force group of ISSR in these guidelines. abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep services are assigned a non-essential status during COVID-19. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine strongly urges sleep clinicians to continue postponing non-urgent care until a later date, if such a recommendation is made by state officials due to local conditions. At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that sleep is important for people’s health and wellbeing. Therefore, to protect the health of the population, it is essential to find ways and means to continue the practice of sleep medicine even during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Social environment and work ethics in sleep clinics and sleep laboratories in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are different from those in the US. Under these circumstances, the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) created a task force to develop guidelines for the practice of sleep medicine, not only for the Indian environment but also for other countries that are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force examined documents regarding practice of sleep medicine and associated specialities during COVID-19 by various professional organizations and governmental authorities. The recommendations were examined for their applicability. Wherever gaps were identified, consensus was reached keeping in view the available evidences. OUTCOME AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The emphasis of the guidelines is on avoiding doctor to patient contact during the pandemic. Teleconsultation and other modes of audio-visuals can be used as modes for medical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in addition to the patient, the presence of a family member, or a reliable informant is recommended. Patients of most sleep disorders can be provided tele-aftercare service. ISSR guidelines also give a list of medications allowed to be prescribed during the first and the follow-up teleconsultation. Hospitals and clinics are slowly opening in India and many other countries. As sleep services resume operations, there is a need to find innovative ways to reduce contact with COVID-19 patients, follow personal protection guidelines, as well as social distancing. This article does discuss strategies for the safe conduct of Level 1 sleep studies. Home sleep testing, which had greater acceptance during the last few years, should be given more attention during the COVID-19 period. Once the decision to reopen the sleep laboratory and resume operations is made, the safety of the patients and office staff should become the major priority. The ISSR recommendation is to postpone and reschedule in-laboratory positive pressure therapy, but it mentions the considerations to be followed in emergency situations. At the same time, high clinical risk patients may be diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings, and without performing polysomnography or home sleep testing. However, at some point, there is a need to reinitiate the in-lab testing. In addition, daily assessment of the COVID-19 situation in the community, along with a review of the situation with local public health and the state health department is advised. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-020-00097-2 doi: 10.1007/s41782-020-00097-2 id: cord-335465-sckfkciz author: Gupta, Rishi K. title: Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-25 words: 5052.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335465-sckfkciz.txt summary: We aimed to address this knowledge gap by systematically evaluating the performance of proposed prognostic models, among consecutive patients hospitalised with a final diagnosis of COVID-19 at a single centre, when using predictors measured at the point of hospital admission. We also assessed the discrimination of each candidate model for standardised outcomes of: (a) our composite endpoint of clinical deterioration; and (b) mortality, across a range of pre-specified time horizons from admission (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission), by calculating time-dependent AUROCs (with cumulative sensitivity and dynamic specificity) [18] . In order to further benchmark the performance of candidate prognostic models, we then computed AUROCs for a limited number of univariable predictors considered to be of highest importance a priori, based on clinical knowledge and existing data, for prediction of our composite endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality (7 days, 14 days, 30 days and any time during hospital admission). abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of proposed prognostic models for COVID-19 is growing rapidly, but it is unknown whether any are suitable for widespread clinical implementation. METHODS: We independently externally validated the performance candidate prognostic models, identified through a living systematic review, among consecutive adults admitted to hospital with a final diagnosis of COVID-19. We reconstructed candidate models as per original descriptions and evaluated performance for their original intended outcomes using predictors measured at admission. We assessed discrimination, calibration and net benefit, compared to the default strategies of treating all and no patients, and against the most discriminating predictor in univariable analyses. RESULTS: We tested 22 candidate prognostic models among 411 participants with COVID-19, of whom 180 (43.8%) and 115 (28.0%) met the endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality, respectively. Highest areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves were achieved by the NEWS2 score for prediction of deterioration over 24 h (0.78; 95% CI 0.73–0.83), and a novel model for prediction of deterioration <14 days from admission (0.78; 0.74–0.82). The most discriminating univariable predictors were admission oxygen saturation on room air for in-hospital deterioration (AUROC 0.76; 0.71–0.81), and age for in-hospital mortality (AUROC 0.76; 0.71–0.81). No prognostic model demonstrated consistently higher net benefit than these univariable predictors, across a range of threshold probabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Admission oxygen saturation on room air and patient age are strong predictors of deterioration and mortality among hospitalised adults with COVID-19, respectively. None of the prognostic models evaluated here offered incremental value for patient stratification to these univariable predictors. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.03498-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.03498-2020 id: cord-263908-4ti8l2ea author: Gupta, Ritesh title: Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions date: 2020-05-13 words: 3693.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263908-4ti8l2ea.txt summary: Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course. It is not known whether patients with diabetes with well-controlled blood glucose levels have an increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). While one study in China did not find any association of ACE inhibitor use with severity of disease, there was an increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving ACE inhibitors and ARBs in another study [29, 30] . abstract: Patients with diabetes who get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality. Several factors especially the impaired immune response, heightened inflammatory response and hypercoagulable state contribute to the increased disease severity. However, there are many contentious issues about which the evidence is rather limited. There are some theoretical concerns about the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs. Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. Management of patients with diabetes in times of restrictions on mobility poses some challenges and novel approaches like telemedicine can be useful. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0652-1 doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0652-1 id: cord-343929-9ebw3x8r author: Gupta, Ritesh title: Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India date: 2020-09-08 words: 1925.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343929-9ebw3x8r.txt summary: title: Clinical considerations in patients with diabetes during times of COVID19: An update on lifestyle factors and antihyperglycemic drugs with focus on India RESULTS: Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID19 . A recent article by a consortium of diabetes experts in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f India has identified five categories of patients with hyperglycemia who need consideration in today''s times of COVID-19 pandemic 34 . Observational study on Effect of Lock Down due to COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with Diabetes: Experience from Central India Impact of lockdown in COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes is recognized as an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19 and a large amount of literature has become available regarding this. The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding various aspects of association between diabetes and COVID-19 and to highlight clinically relevant points with focus on India. METHODS: We searched Pubmed and Google Scholar databases for articles regarding diabetes and COVID-19 published between March 19, 2020 and August 30, 2020. RESULTS: Diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with increased severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Several clinical scenarios about hyperglycemia and COVID-19 are identified and each of these needs specific management strategies. CONCLUSION: It is prudent to maintain good glycemic control in patients with diabetes in order to minimize the complications of COVID-19. There is a need for well conducted studies to asses the role of individual antihyperglycemic therapies in COVID-19 and also the behavior of new onset diabetes diagnosed either after COVID-19 infection or during this time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120303556 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.009 id: cord-257160-40tdt7y3 author: Gupta, Rohit title: Letter to the editor in response to COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis date: 2020-07-01 words: 826.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257160-40tdt7y3.txt summary: The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was based on modified Atlanta criteria 2 which requires presence of two of the following three features: (1) abdominal pain consistent with acute pancreatitis (acute onset of a persistent, severe, epigastric pain often radiating to the back); (2) serum lipase activity (or amylase activity) at least three times greater than the upper limit of normal; and (3) characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and less commonly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or trans-abdominal ultrasonography. This patient fulfilled two criteria i.e. pain consistent with acute pancreatitis and pancreatic enzyme elevation greater than three times upper limit of normal. A retrospective cohort study by McNabb-Baltar et al 3 in 71 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 found that, only 9 (12.1%) had hyperlipasemia (defined in this study as an elevated lipase level above the upper limit of normal (>60 U/L)), with two cases (2.8%) having greater than 3 fold elevation but without imaging evidence of acute pancreatitis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32651079/ doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.06.017 id: cord-329152-1ixylnny author: Gupta, Shaili title: Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: experience from department of medicine at Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System date: 2020-04-24 words: 3494.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329152-1ixylnny.txt summary: We share our hospital-wide rapid preparedness and response to COVID-19 to help provide information to other healthcare systems globally. Response to pandemic is a multi-disciplinary team effort with efficient leadership that meets several times daily to work at a quick pace in order to make effective implementation of preparatory measures before the actual arrival of the first infected patients, followed by a continuity of the same diligence to ensure modifications in plans as needed and addressing new demands as they arise. Additionally she created protocols for well-informed care of patients, enhanced the education and protective measures for HCWs including residency trainees, developed a clinical algorithm to guide judicious testing, and participated in COVID-19 treatment group meetings at other institutions to help create or modify local treatment algorithms. abstract: The 2019–2020 pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has inundated hospital systems globally, as they prepare to accommodate surge of patients requiring advanced levels of care. Pandemic preparedness has not been this urgently and widely needed in the last several decades. According to epidemiologic predictions, the peak of this pandemic has still not been reached, and hospitals everywhere need to ensure readiness to care for more patients than they usually do, and safety for healthcare workers who strive to save lives. We share our hospital-wide rapid preparedness and response to COVID-19 to help provide information to other healthcare systems globally. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1761668 doi: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1761668 id: cord-291410-umaxozwk author: Gupta, Vishal title: COVID-19 and Acute Pancreatitis: What Do Surgeons Need to Know? date: 2020-06-05 words: 1655.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291410-umaxozwk.txt summary: Metaanalysis of 47 studies including 10,890 COVID-19 patients showed that gastrointestinal symptoms are present in less than 10% of cases with a pooled prevalence of 7.8% for nausea/ vomiting, 7.7% for diarrhoea and 2.7% for abdominal pain and 15% for liver enzyme abnormalities (transaminitis) [1] . earlier reported 17% incidence of pancreatic injury among 52 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although the possibility of viral load in pancreatic necrotic tissue and fluid is uncertain, interventions required to manage local complications (acute necrotic collections or walled off necrosis), whether percutaneous, endoscopic, or minimally invasive (retroperitoneal/transperitoneal), might expose the health care workers to SARS-CoV-2, more so with high-risk aerosol generating procedures like endoscopic or minimally invasive drainage / necrosectomy including video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD). Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: case report on three family members SARS-CoV-2 is present in peritoneal fluid in COVID-19 patients abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically presents with pulmonary symptoms. Extra-pulmonary symptomatology of COVID-19 has drawn significant attention. However, information about the incidence, course and outcomes of acute pancreatitis in these patients is still limited. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02447-w doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02447-w id: cord-033714-rz5unqaz author: Gupte, Jaideep title: COVID-19: what is not being addressed date: 2020-10-13 words: 8226.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033714-rz5unqaz.txt summary: The visualization of informal settlements in many COVID-19 discussions, however, is of homogenous highdensity inner-city shacks, with insufficient attention given to lowerdensity settlements (more likely to have urban agriculture) that may also face health and economic emergencies. (46) The wealth of grassroots responses to COVID-19 is elaborated by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), which has drawn on experiences from across its partners in the global South, who provide evidence of local groups stepping in to reduce health risks and provide emergency access to food and hygiene. Meanwhile, the vast majority of urban poor communities (85%) reported government-provided "palliatives" intended for the vulnerable had not reached them." (68) Similar findings are evident in Brazil where, for example, low-income favela residents in São Paulo are not receiving the monthly emergency basic income payment (worth US$ 115), despite the shutdown by the city authorities of informal trading on 15 April 2020. Local response in health emergencies: key considerations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal urban settlements abstract: As the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases nears 27 million, there is a rush to answer (what next) and a rush to act (to solve the immediate problems of COVID-19). This paper discusses, with a specific focus on urban areas in the global South, what is missing to date from this response. That includes an identification of things that there are too much of, things that are not being done at all, and things that are unbalanced. There has been an enormous upsurge of academic research papers and opinions on COVID-19. “Technological” and “scientific” solutions tend to overshadow other approaches, even if people know that “social is important”. Based on our analysis to date, our primary concern is that there is too little understanding about the importance of building dialogue, exploring collaboration and co-producing solutions. There is too little understanding as to why social and cultural responses are important, and how the recognition that they are important can be actioned. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554414/ doi: 10.1177/0956247820963961 id: cord-259566-qtlq7a6l author: Guraya, Salman Yousuf title: Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article date: 2020-06-23 words: 2421.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259566-qtlq7a6l.txt summary: title: Transforming laparoendoscopic surgical protocols during COVID-19 pandemic; big data analytics, resource allocation and operational considerations; a review article Benefits of delaying elective and non-urgent surgery outweighs the risk of performing surgical procedures on patients with asymptomatic or active COVID-19 disease. Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, small trocar incisions, negative pressure environment, and setting energy devices at low modes can help reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. This write up provides a brief account of the impact of the COVID-19, big data analytics of response of medical personnel in curtailing and understanding the disease process and the consensus guidelines for carrying out laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures. -Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, negative pressure air flow, and setting electrocautery energy devices at low modes can possibly reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. abstract: The current dreadful pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is playing havoc with humanity, socio-communal systems and economic reservoirs worldwide. Certain countries have managed to curtail COVID-19 crisis to some extent, however, a great majority still remains helpless in containing this outbreak. Rapidly evolving disease patterns and complex epidemiology of COVID-19 necessitate a tailored approach by medical experts in dealing with this devastating outbreak. Similar to other medical disciplines, surgical associations and societies have developed a tailored approach of patients’ selection and planning with improvised endolaparoscopic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-essential and non-urgent surgical procedures are deferred till this outbreak is abated. Benefits of delaying elective and non-urgent surgery outweighs the risk of performing surgical procedures on patients with asymptomatic or active COVID-19 disease. Laparoendoscopic procedures increase the risk of aerosol exposure, disease transmission and contamination. Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, small trocar incisions, negative pressure environment, and setting energy devices at low modes can help reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. This write up provides a brief account of the impact of the COVID-19, big data analytics of response of medical personnel in curtailing and understanding the disease process and the consensus guidelines for carrying out laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1743919120305094 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.06.027 id: cord-306414-2dv3qced author: Gutierrez, Lucas title: Deciphering the TCR Repertoire to Solve the COVID-19 Mystery date: 2020-06-20 words: 6993.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306414-2dv3qced.txt summary: Advances in sequencing technologies and single-cell immune profiling can be leveraged to monitor adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 patients and guide future SARS-CoV-2 immunotherapy and biomarker development. Whether the aged and less diverse TCR repertoire impacts the ability to generate a sufficiently robust T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 in older patients remains to be studied. The development of faster and cheaper sequencing technologies, augmented by the advances in computational tools, support the feasibility of using TCR analyses not only to track SARS-CoV-2specific T cell expansion post-COVID-19 infection or in the course of treating patients with COVID-19, but also to establish certain features of the TCR repertoire architecture as predictive biomarkers for patients'' clinical outcome. Thus, a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics and composition of the TCR repertoires to SARS-CoV-2 infection can largely contribute to the evolving understanding of the functional and mechanistic involvement of the adaptive immune cell response and potentially guide the design of effective treatment. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected several millions and killed more than quarter of a million worldwide to date. Important questions have remained unanswered: why some patients develop severe disease, while others do not; and what roles do genetic variabilities play in the individual immune response to this viral infection. Here, we discuss the critical role T cells play in the orchestration of the antiviral response underlying the pathogenesis of the disease, COVID-19. We highlight the scientific rationale for comprehensive and longitudinal TCR analyses in COVID-19 and reason that analyzing TCR repertoire in COVID-19 patients would reveal important findings that may explain the outcome disparity observed in these patients. Finally, we provide a framework describing the different strategies, the advantages, and the challenges involved in obtaining useful TCR repertoire data to advance our fight against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.001 id: cord-285739-0enn5bzn author: Gutiérrez Rodríguez, José title: Variables asociadas a mortalidad en una población de pacientes mayores de 80 años y con algún grado de dependencia funcional hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un Servicio de Geriatría date: 2020-07-16 words: 3924.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285739-0enn5bzn.txt summary: Ese mismo día, tras un gran esfuerzo organizativo se abren las plantas para pacientes con COVID-19 en nuestro centro hospitalario: un total de 38 camas destinadas a pacientes mayores de 80 años con infección por coronavirus, que precisan hospitalización por presentar insuficiencia respiratoria aguda o descompensación de patología de base y que, en caso de empeoramiento clínico, no serían subsidiarios de beneficio de ingreso en UCI por sufrir algún grado de dependencia funcional y/o deterioro cognitivo 22 . En este ámbito asistencial, los objetivos de este trabajo han sido: a) estudiar las características epidemiológicas, clínica, analíticas y radiológicas de pacientes mayores de 80 años con algún grado de dependencia funcional y/o deterioro cognitivo ingresados con COVID-19 confirmado por diagnóstico de laboratorio, b) determinar la tasa de mortalidad, c) analizar las variables clínicas, terapéuticas, funcionales y mentales que se asocian a mayor riesgo de mortalidad. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic conditions high mortality rates in hospitalized elderly. Currently, a few studies include octogenarian patients and none of them analyze the impact of functional status on this health outcome. Our objective is to describe the characteristics of patients older than 80 years hospitalized for “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19), to determine the mortality rate and to identify associated factors. Material and methods: Prospective observational study carried out on patients over 80 years admitted for COVID-19 in a Geriatrics Service. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional, mental, analytical, radiological, therapeutic and healthcare variables were collected. The factors associated with in-hospital lethality were analyzed by bivariate analysis. Results: 58 cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included, mean age 88,3±5,4 years, 69% women, 65,5% moderate-severe cognitive impairment and previous Barthel index 40,66±36. The main symptoms were fever (60,3%), dyspnea (53,4%) and deterioration of functional condition (50%). The most frequent comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (75,9%), hypertension (HT) (74,1%) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (50%). A mortality rate of 41,4% was detected and the associated factors were: severe functional dependence (OR=3,8 [1,2-12,2]), moderate-severe cognitive impairment (OR= 4,9 [1-25,4]) and CKD (OR=3,2 [1,1-9,7]). Conclusion: High mortality rates are observed in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, with a higher risk of dying in those with severe functional dependence or cognitive impairment. These findings reinforce the value of Geriatric Assessment to develop strategies to adapt diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and to optimize care for elderly patients in the event of a new epidemic outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32736821/ doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2020.07.002 id: cord-287247-vv0zc0gd author: Gutman, Julie R. title: Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19? date: 2020-06-01 words: 4248.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt summary: With many LMICs implementing movement restrictions or ordering their populations to stay at home to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the threat to essential health services is likely to be immediate, causing delays to diagnosis and treatment for other diseases, including malaria and NTDs. During the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, there were substantial reductions in all-cause outpatient visits and patients treated with antimalarial drugs 2 ; modeling the potential for similar disruptions in malaria control due to COVID-19 suggests that there could be up to an estimated 769,000 deaths due to malaria in 2020 (approximately double the number seen in 2018), mostly among children younger than 5 years. 58 Thus, coinfection with parasitic NTDs could result in altered risks and severity of clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the potential for decreased development of immunity with increased viral loads. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, have surpassed 5 million cases globally. Current models suggest that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) will have a similar incidence but substantially lower mortality rate than high-income countries. However, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in LMICs, and coinfections are likely. Both malaria and parasitic NTDs can alter immunologic responses to other infectious agents. Malaria can induce a cytokine storm and pro-coagulant state similar to that seen in severe COVID-19. Consequently, coinfections with malaria parasites and SARS-CoV-2 could result in substantially worse outcomes than mono-infections with either pathogen, and could shift the age pattern of severe COVID-19 to younger age-groups. Enhancing surveillance platforms could provide signals that indicate whether malaria, NTDs, and COVID-19 are syndemics (synergistic epidemics). Based on the prevalence of malaria and NTDs in specific localities, efforts to characterize COVID-19 in LMICs could be expanded by adding testing for malaria and NTDs. Such additional testing would allow the determination of the rates of coinfection and comparison of severity of outcomes by infection status, greatly improving the understanding of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in LMICs and potentially helping to mitigate its impact. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0516 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0516 id: cord-281102-ohbm78it author: Gutzeit, Andreas title: What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan date: 2020-04-08 words: 1422.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281102-ohbm78it.txt summary: communication is to determine what we can learn from the Chinese experience and how hospitals and radiology departments all around the world can prepare for a widespread outbreak of this disease. The training content was standard prevention, personal protection, correct use of protective equipment, procedures to optimize putting on and removing protective equipment, hand hygiene, isolation measures, medical waste management, and air and environmental surface cleaning and disinfection. The director of the clinical and medical technology department in Wuhan was the most important person during the coronavirus crisis. The Hospital Infection Management established an inspection system to strengthen the guidance and supervision of the implementation of the clinical department''s control measures and the correct wearing of protective equipment. In Wuhan, desktop, computer, and intercom systems in the radiology departments were regularly cleaned after use with 250-500 mg/L chlorinated disinfectant or 75% (v/v) medical ethanol. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32270314/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06841-6 id: cord-329292-n1aw0lyx author: Guven, Fadime title: Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 words: 105.0 sentences: 17.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329292-n1aw0lyx.txt summary: key: cord-329292-n1aw0lyx authors: Guven, Fadime; Ogul, Hayri; Turgut, Asli; Tezcan, Alperen; Kantarci, Mecit title: Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 journal: Joint Bone Spine DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.002 sha: doc_id: 329292 cord_uid: n1aw0lyx nan Journal Pre-proof Leptomeningeal Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a few leptomeningeal micronodular lesions ( Figure 1 ). The lupus patients may be more susceptible for a more severe COVID-19 disease course [1] . CT scans appear sensitive virus detection [2] . Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.06.002 id: cord-292180-sjmeyhan author: Guzman-Prado, Yuli title: Retraction of studies on potential drug therapies for COVID-19: A call for reliability and scientific integrity date: 2020-06-30 words: 549.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292180-sjmeyhan.txt summary: The author of this paper recently discussed the findings on cardiovascular safety of the controversial use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the treatment of COVID-19 reported in observational studies, stressing the need of high quality large randomized controlled trials in order to assess the effectiveness and safety of these drugs and other potential therapies for COVID-19 One of the commented studies (2) , which reported a decrease in the in-hospital survival and an increased frequency of de-novo ventricular arrhythmias with the use of CQ or HCQ, was recently retracted by three of the four authors, causing controversy in the scientific community and raising serious concerns on the reliability of published papers and the transparency and accountability of researchers particularly in the midst of this global health crisis. Likewise, a different study conducted by Mehra, et al (3) assessed the relationship of cardiovascular disease and drug therapy with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291492030638X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.061 id: cord-353890-dzauzjm7 author: Guzzi, Pietro Hiram title: Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy date: 2020-05-12 words: 2159.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353890-dzauzjm7.txt summary: COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Among these: 9268 were reported as being treated at home (i.e., not severe illness), 9663 hospitalised, and 1672 admitted to ICUs. To react to the exponential growth of infected patients requiring hospitalisation, the Chinese government decided to build a large emergency hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients in a few days. In Figure 2 the COVID-19 diffusion is reported both for Italy and China red zones (A "red zone" is a geographical area (e.g., city, region, state) of maximal infection for which the government implements special social rules in order to deal with the emergency: typically restriction of citizens'' movements and prohibition to leave or enter the area). abstract: COVID-19 is a worldwide emergency since it has rapidly spread from China to almost all the countries worldwide. Italy has been one of the most affected countries after China. North Italian regions, such as Lombardia and Veneto, had an abnormally large number of cases. COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. Resources shortening is a critical issue when the number of COVID-19 severe cases are higher than the available resources. This is also the case at a regional scale. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Finally, we retain that the here proposed model can be also used in other countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103344 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103344 id: cord-274027-ovdhnajp author: Gyasi, Razak M. title: Rethinking the Gendered Dimensions in the Impacts and Response to COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-11 words: 1333.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274027-ovdhnajp.txt summary: A critical consideration of gendered lenses and the respective brunt of health crises of the pandemic on men and women can improve our understanding and direction of efforts toward building robust and equitable public health response. Specifically, taking into account the gendered sensitivities and the respective brunt of health crises of the outbreak on men and women can improve our understanding and direction of efforts toward building robust and equitable public health response. In the publication of the strengthening preparedness for health emergencies, the WHO Executive Board advocated for the inclusion and full representation of women in the decision making process at international and national levels during outbreaks. We propose to the global health organizations, national political forces, and policymakers to conspicuously include gendered sensitivities in the analysis of impacts and response to COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated the urgency to rethink the health system quality to efficiently support and improve global health. Whilst efforts are now gathering pace in response to the deleterious impacts of COVID-19, gendered analysis of these impacts and response to the pandemic has been far too little. A critical consideration of gendered lenses and the respective brunt of health crises of the pandemic on men and women can improve our understanding and direction of efforts toward building robust and equitable public health response. Strategic plans for preparedness must be fully grounded in strong gender analysis in the remit of gender roles and norms, and strengthen the leadership and resourceful participation of women in the decision-making process toward addressing COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666535220300185 doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100019 id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date: 2020-06-02 words: 5959.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt summary: The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected. abstract: Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student’s T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (χ² = 63.139, p ≤ 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (χ² = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113947 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113947 id: cord-298505-r7ihqb96 author: Górski, Andrzej title: Sepsis, Phages, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 3735.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298505-r7ihqb96.txt summary: In fact, in addition to data obtained in experimental animals, there are already reports of successful phage therapy in patients with sepsis [2] . Phage therapy efficacy has also been studied in a mouse model of neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii and Moraxella catarrhalis. High effectiveness of phage therapy in the treatment of experimental sepsis induced by multidrug resistant P. Further progress in phage therapy of sepsis has recently been achieved by introducing engineered phages used to treat a patient with a disseminated drug resistant mycobacterial infection. In recent years, a number of reports derived from experimental studies in animals and human clinics have suggested the potential value of phage therapy in the treatment of sepsis. The anti-inflammatory and the immunomodulating properties of phages could also be useful in the treatment of severe COVID-19 syndrome including viral sepsis (Table 2) . abstract: Phage therapy has emerged as a potential novel treatment of sepsis for which no decisive progress has been achieved thus far. Obviously, phages can help eradicate local bacterial infection and bacteremia that may occur in a syndrome. For example, phages may be helpful in correcting excessive inflammatory responses and aberrant immunity that occur in sepsis. Data from animal studies strongly suggest that phages may indeed be an efficient means of therapy for experimentally induced sepsis. In recent years, a number of reports have appeared describing the successful treatment of patients with sepsis. Moreover, novel data on the anti-viral potential of phages may be interpreted as suggesting that phages could be used as an adjunct therapy in severe COVID-19. Thus, clinical trials assessing the value of phage therapy in sepsis, including viral sepsis, are urgently needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33076482/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100844 id: cord-300360-h6gr91eg author: Górski, Andrzej title: Phages in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-08-26 words: 2932.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300360-h6gr91eg.txt summary: This hypothesis has been fully confirmed by recent studies that have revealed that phages present in the human body may penetrate epithelial cell layers from gut, lung and other organs without causing any harmful effects. In the absence of bacterial infection, the Escherichia coli phage 536 PI promotes an increase in the production of IFN-α and IL-12 in the lungs (but not in the blood), allowing for the presence of an antiviral signature in the lungs of healthy uninfected mice (this effect was phage specific and mediated by 536 P1 and not LM33 P1 phages) [37] . The data presented in this Commentary are often preliminary but suggest that further studies focused on the potential of phage therapy as at least an adjunct treatment of COVID-19 are warranted. The in vitro studies on bacteriophage influence on the ability of human viruses to infect epithelial cells. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845164/ doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0082 id: cord-282361-gje78nb1 author: Gökce, Mehmet İlker title: How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the preoperative evaluation and anesthesia applied for urinary stones? EULIS eCORE–IAU multicenter collaborative cohort study date: 2020-05-20 words: 3248.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282361-gje78nb1.txt summary: In this study it is aimed to identify the up-to-date practice patterns related to preoperative evaluation and anesthesia for stone disease interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. Information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic was collected. Rate of preoperative testing, emergency procedures, conservative approaches and topical/regional anesthesia increased after 21 days. The primary end point of the study was to collect information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic. While some guidelines suggest PCR testing in suspicious cases, the guidelines for sections with a high likelihood of virus load, such as otolaryngology, suggest that it can be performed Fig. 2 Summary of preoperative additional testing, alteration in anesthesia method and stone related procedures in the European cohort in all patients [14] . abstract: Stone disease is a unique condition that requires appropriate management in a timely manner as it can result in both emergent conditions and long term effects on kidney functions. In this study it is aimed to identify the up-to-date practice patterns related to preoperative evaluation and anesthesia for stone disease interventions during COVID-19 pandemic. The data of 473 patients from 11 centers in 5 different countries underwent interventions for urinary stones during the Covid-19 pandemic was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Information on the type of the stone related conditions, management strategies, anesthesiologic evaluation, anesthesia methods, and any alterations related to COVID-19 pandemic was collected. During the preoperative anesthesia evaluation thorax CT was performed in 268 (56.7%) and PCR from nasopharyngeal swab was performed in 31 (6.6%) patients. General anesthesia was applied in 337 (71.2%) patients and alteration in the method of anesthesia was recorded in 45 (9.5%) patients. A cut-off value of 21 days was detected for the hospitals to adapt changes related to COVID-19. Rate of preoperative testing, emergency procedures, conservative approaches and topical/regional anesthesia increased after 21 days. The preoperative evaluation for management of urinary stone disease is significantly affected by COVID-19 pandemic. There is significant alteration in anesthesia methods and interventions. The optimal methods for preoperative evaluation are still unknown and there is discordance between different centers. It takes 21 days for hospitals and surgeons to adapt and develop new strategies for preoperative evaluation and management of stones. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-020-01193-8 doi: 10.1007/s00240-020-01193-8 id: cord-273829-t5cuop5c author: Görgülü, Özkan title: rRT-PCR Results of a Covid-19 Diagnosed Geriatric Patient date: 2020-10-17 words: 1482.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273829-t5cuop5c.txt summary: Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. Patient with positive Covid-19 IgM Rapid Test performed on May 19, 2020, was subjected to the rRT-PCR test, repeated twice on the 19th of May which also resulted in positive. The nucleic acid test functions as the gold standard method for confirming the SARS-COV-2 infection; however, some recent studies have detected false negative results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) [4] . Similar to our case, there are case reports of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test initially false negative and later positive in the literature [11] . Therefore, it can be argued that COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT abstract: In this study, we aimed to present a geriatric patient with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and with contradictory results in rRT-PCR examinations in short time intervals. A 69-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room on the 18th day of May 2020, with the complaints of fever, sweating, myalgia, dry cough that continued for 5 days, and the lack of taste that started on the day he applied to the emergency room. Comorbidity factors include diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, and hypertension. The patient has a history of 36 years of smoking 1.5 packs per day. High laboratory findings during hospitalization: monocytes, creatinine, CRP (C-reactive protein). In the thorax CT, in the parenchyma areas of both lungs, there are increases in attenuation with multilobe distributions (more visible at the level of the upper lobes) in the form of ground-glass opacities. May 19, 2020, was subjected to the rRT-PCR test, repeated twice on the 19th of May which also resulted in positive. Despite rRT-PCR tests, which were negative on 27th of May and positive on 28th of May, the patient, whose symptoms disappeared, and general condition improved, was discharged on June 1, 2020, with the recommendation for home isolation. In our case, unlike the incubation period only, we encountered a negative rRT-PCR result on the 8th day after diagnosis. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00590-9 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00590-9 id: cord-326532-2ehuuvnx author: Götzinger, Florian title: COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study date: 2020-06-25 words: 5321.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326532-2ehuuvnx.txt summary: This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). For this cohort study, European members of the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)-which currently includes 304 clinicians and researchers, most of whom are based at tertiary or quaternary paediatric infectious diseases or paediatric pulmonology units, across 128 paediatric health-care institutions in 31 European countries [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] -were invited to contribute cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection that had been managed at or managed remotely by their health-care institution (including individuals admitted to other hospitals or identified during community screening) before or during the study period. abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. METHODS: This multicentre cohort study involved 82 participating health-care institutions across 25 European countries, using a well established research network—the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)—that mainly comprises paediatric infectious diseases specialists and paediatric pulmonologists. We included all individuals aged 18 years or younger with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, detected at any anatomical site by RT-PCR, between April 1 and April 24, 2020, during the initial peak of the European COVID-19 pandemic. We explored factors associated with need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and initiation of drug treatment for COVID-19 using univariable analysis, and applied multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise analysis to further explore those factors significantly associated with ICU admission. FINDINGS: 582 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, with a median age of 5·0 years (IQR 0·5–12·0) and a sex ratio of 1·15 males per female. 145 (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions. 363 (62%) individuals were admitted to hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) mechanical ventilation (median duration 7 days, IQR 2–11, range 1–34), 19 (3%) inotropic support, and one (<1%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Significant risk factors for requiring ICU admission in multivariable analyses were being younger than 1 month (odds ratio 5·06, 95% CI 1·72–14·87; p=0·0035), male sex (2·12, 1·06–4·21; p=0·033), pre-existing medical conditions (3·27, 1·67–6·42; p=0·0015), and presence of lower respiratory tract infection signs or symptoms at presentation (10·46, 5·16–21·23; p<0·0001). The most frequently used drug with antiviral activity was hydroxychloroquine (40 [7%] patients), followed by remdesivir (17 [3%] patients), lopinavir–ritonavir (six [1%] patients), and oseltamivir (three [1%] patients). Immunomodulatory medication used included corticosteroids (22 [4%] patients), intravenous immunoglobulin (seven [1%] patients), tocilizumab (four [1%] patients), anakinra (three [1%] patients), and siltuximab (one [<1%] patient). Four children died (case-fatality rate 0·69%, 95% CI 0·20–1·82); at study end, the remaining 578 were alive and only 25 (4%) were still symptomatic or requiring respiratory support. INTERPRETATION: COVID-19 is generally a mild disease in children, including infants. However, a small proportion develop severe disease requiring ICU admission and prolonged ventilation, although fatal outcome is overall rare. The data also reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options, highlighting that additional data on antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are urgently needed. FUNDING: ptbnet is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352464220301772 doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30177-2 id: cord-348696-86nbwon2 author: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review date: 2020-08-18 words: 4199.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348696-86nbwon2.txt summary: title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review A multicenter study which documented potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in patients requiring intubation [7] reported that unprotected eye contact with secretions from infected patients was the most predictive variable for transmission to healthcare workers. A recent study evaluated the ocular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Of the 56 subjects investigated there was only one patient who gave a history of prior pterygium surgery, with conjunctivitis and a positive PCR result from the conjunctival swab highlighting the importance of an intact ocular surface in resisting virus invasion [25] . Despite ocular complications not being a common clinically detectable manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, recent evidence suggests that ocular exposure may represent a major transmission route for the virus. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in tears and conjunctival secretions of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus that spreads mainly via person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets, or through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces from an infected person. At present we are passing through a phase of slow and painful understanding of the origin, epidemiological profile, clinical spectrum, and risk profile of the virus. To the best of our knowledge there is only limited and contradictory evidence concerning SARS-CoV-2 transmission through other routes. Importantly, the eye may constitute not only a potential site of virus replication but also an alternative transmission route of the virus from the ocular surface to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. It is therefore imperative to gain a better insight into the potential ophthalmological transmission route of the virus and establish directions on best practice and future models of care for ophthalmological patients. This review article critically evaluates available evidence on the ophthalmological mode of viral transmission and the value of earlier identification of the virus on the eye. More evidence is urgently needed to better evaluate the need for protective measures and reliable ocular diagnostic tests to diminish further pandemic spread. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01442-7 doi: 10.1007/s12325-020-01442-7 id: cord-354134-gb2pf5kb author: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi title: Conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients: frequency and clinical presentation date: 2020-08-29 words: 3461.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354134-gb2pf5kb.txt summary: Given the current situation of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, describing the clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis associated with the novel coronavirus has relevant implications in the future identification of suspected COVID-19 patients and the differential diagnosis from other forms viral conjunctivitis. A study analyzing a sample of 1099 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease in China found a prevalence of conjunctivitis symptoms of only 0.8% and other small series have reported a prevalence around 3% [4, 6, 7] . Despite our study showed no difference in the clinical presentation of conjunctivitis in male and female, we found that conjunctivitis was more frequent in males with moderate COVID-19 and women with mild disease. A better understanding of the ocular manifestations of the virus will assist in early identification of SARS-CoV-2infected cases, prioritizing diagnostic testing in patients with clinical findings compatible with conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical presentation of conjunctivitis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Clinico San Carlos of Madrid, Spain. A total of 301 subjects from the COVID admission unit with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The presence and clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis were evaluated. Laboratory, radiological, and clinical results in patients with and without conjunctivitis stratified by sex were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 301 subjects included, 180 patients (59.8%) were male and the median age was 72 years (IQ 59–82). Overall, 35 patients (11.6%) were diagnosed with acute conjunctivitis. We found no relationship between the COVID-19 severity score and the presence of conjunctivitis (P = 0.17). However, conjunctivitis was more frequent in males with moderate clinical severity and in women classified as clinically mild. The natural history of the disease seems to be a rapid self-limited conjunctivitis that improves without treatment and does not affect visual acuity nor associate short-term complications. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately, 1 out of 10 hospitalized non-critical COVID-19 patients presents conjunctivitis during the disease. Compared with other viral conjunctivitis, we found distinctive clinical findings that could guide defining and differentiating conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: 20/336_E_COVID [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860573/ doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04916-0 id: cord-288580-onzzpkye author: HALAÇLI, Burçin title: Critically ill COVID-19 patient date: 2020-04-21 words: 3805.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288580-onzzpkye.txt summary: This pandemic is accepted as a viral pneumonia pandemic not a simple flu, therefore, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, follow-up, and management of the critically ill patients with COVID-19 is extremely important. HFNO therapy and NIMV support may be applied in selected hypoxemic respiratory failure cases with proper PPE because of high risk of aerosol generation. However, these patients should be followed closely in terms of clinical deterioration, if no positive response is obtained in the first few hours (refractory hypoxemia, tachypnoea, tidal volume (Vt) > 9 mL/kg meaning increased minute ventilation and work of breathing). In the light of the data obtained from COVID-19 pandemic and hospital follow-up of these critically ill patients, the needfulness of intensive care units with well-organized structure and trained HCW, has emerged once again. Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stands out as the major pandemic that we have experienced in the last century. As it affects every social structure, it brought the importance of intensive care support once again to the agenda of healthcare system after causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. The precautions to be taken against this virus, where our knowledge is extremely small, intensive care units take an indispensable place in pandemic planning. In this review, we aimed to emphasize the crucial points regarding intensive care management of COVID-19 patients, which we have written not only for intensivists but also for all healthcare professionals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32293831/ doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-122 id: cord-312826-4m54ve8v author: HOERTEL, N. title: Observational Study of Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 3940.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312826-4m54ve8v.txt summary: We hypothesized that haloperidol use would be associated with a lower risk of a composite endpoint of intubation or death, and with a shorter time from hospital admission to discharge home in time-to-event analyses that were adjusted for major predictors of respiratory failure and weighted according to propensity scores assessing the probability of haloperidol use. age; obesity (defined as having a body-mass index higher than 30 kg/m 2 or an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) code for obesity (E66.0, E66.1, E66.2, E66.8, E66.9); self-reported smoking status; number of medical conditions associated with increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, 7-11 which were coded by practitioners based on ICD-10, including diabetes mellitus (E11), diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99), diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99), neoplasms (C00-C96), and diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D5-D8); and any medication prescribed according to compassionate use or as part of clinical trials (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, tocilizumab, or sarilumab). abstract: Background: Haloperidol, a widely used antipsychotic, has been suggested as potential effective treatment for Covid-19 on the grounds of its in-vitro antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We examined the association between haloperidol use and respiratory failure at AP-HP Greater Paris University hospitals. Data were obtained regarding all adult patients hospitalized with Covid-19 since the beginning of the epidemic. Study baseline was defined as the date of hospital admission. The primary endpoint was a composite of intubation or death and the secondary endpoint was discharge home among survivors in time-to-event analyses. We compared outcomes between patients who were exposed to haloperidol and those who were not, using a multivariable Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score. Results: Of the 13,279 hospitalized adult patients with positive Covid-19 RT-PCR test, 667 patients (5.0%) were excluded because of missing data. Of the remaining 12,612 patients, 104 (0.8%) were exposed to haloperidol. Over a mean follow-up of 20.8 days, the primary endpoint of respiratory failure respectively occurred in 27 patients (26.0%) exposed to haloperidol and 1,700 patients (13.6%) who were not. Among survivors, the secondary endpoint of discharge home occurred in 26 patients (32.1%) who received haloperidol and 6,110 patients (55.3%) who did not. In the main analysis, there were no significant associations between haloperidol use and the primary (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.97, p=0.772) and secondary (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.53, p=0.643) endpoints. Results were similar in multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: In this observational study involving patients with Covid-19 who had been admitted to the hospital, haloperidol use was not associated with risk of intubation or death, or with time to hospital discharge home. These results suggest that haloperidol is unlikely to have a clinical efficacy for Covid-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20150490v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20150490 id: cord-291745-2371k29o author: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-05-14 words: 1115.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291745-2371k29o.txt summary: Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. A divided community approach involves emergency management stakeholders individually understanding, evaluating, and then deciding on steps regarding managing the outbreak of COVID-19. On the other hand, a total community approach involves all stakeholders collectively comprehending and assessing the needs of communities and then deciding on and implementing appropriate alternatives to manage COVID-19 [1] . The aforementioned two approaches are compared in terms of five stakeholders: hospitals, governments, voluntary organizations, mass media, and other local communities. As such, appropriate voluntary organizations including the Korean Medical Association, Korean Nurses Association, Korean Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, and others must register related professional volunteers before the outbreak of pandemic diseases. In other words, emergency management against the outbreak of COVID-19 cannot be handled by a community divided among the five stakeholders. abstract: Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410751/ doi: 10.1007/s12088-020-00882-7 id: cord-336175-khkkxcwr author: Ha, Kyoo-Man title: The principle of distance during COVID-19 outbreak in Korea date: 2020-07-27 words: 1576.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336175-khkkxcwr.txt summary: Examples include precautions such as wearing face masks, washing hands with soap and running water, sneezing into one''s upper sleeve, restricting travel, closing restaurants/bars, maintaining distance among people, testing for coronavirus with testing kits, using ibuprofen, and so on. This paper aims to highlight the importance of maintaining a distance between people during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea, with the ultimate goal of reducing mass infections. However, considering that the COVID-19 outbreak is a national emergency, all believers must be aware that maintaining a distance among themselves is a preventive measure against the pandemic. Hence, to efficiently deal with COVID-19, community-based institutions in Korea should practice maintaining a distance among their members and should not allow members'' gatherings or assemblies in limited spaces specifically to avoid mass infection. A few Korean stakeholders have been aware of the importance of maintaining a distance among people during the emergency response to the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Korea have been related to mass infection. The nation must urgently promote the distance awareness approach during emergency response and discourage the distance unawareness approach. Other nations may also apply the principle of distance to their pandemic management. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-020-00138-w doi: 10.1007/s10123-020-00138-w id: cord-316588-8els3rzj author: Habib, Mhd Baraa title: Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 1483.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316588-8els3rzj.txt summary: Several infectious causes of SIADH have been reported; however, hyponatremia associated with SIADH and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was only recently mentioned in a few case reports. We discuss a unique presentation of COVID-19, in which the patient presented with acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia thought to be the initial and isolated presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by euvolemic hyponatremia, low plasma osmolality, high urinary osmolality, elevated natriuresis, hypouricemia, and lack of evidence of other hyponatremic diseases. The most common symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection are fever, congested nose, and cough; and may also cause severe pneumonia [4] . A case series of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) published recently described patients who presented with respiratory symptoms, were diagnosed with COVID-19, and found to have SIADH [8] . abstract: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Wide spectrum of etiologies associated with hyponatremia pose significant challenges in detecting and treating this disorder. Several infectious causes of SIADH have been reported; however, hyponatremia associated with SIADH and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was only recently mentioned in a few case reports. We discuss a unique presentation of COVID-19, in which the patient presented with acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia thought to be the initial and isolated presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32523871/ doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00859 id: cord-336397-mgrezzmw author: Habib, Yasir title: Time–frequency co-movement between COVID-19, crude oil prices, and atmospheric CO(2) emissions: Fresh global insights from partial and multiple coherence approach date: 2020-10-11 words: 6585.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336397-mgrezzmw.txt summary: Therefore, the objective of the current study is to investigate the asymmetric co-movement linkage between COVID-19, oil prices, and atmosphere carbon emissions in a global setting by applying an advanced and innovative wavelet approach. To probe the nonlinear co-movement and the lead-lag connections among COVID-19, CO 2 emissions, and crude oil prices in the time-frequency spheres and data sample size, the conventional times series techniques, specifically, Granger causality analysis, the vector autoregressive models (VARs), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic processes (GARCH), are not suitable for the current study. This paper employs the comprehensive wavelet coherence analysis tools, including wavelet transform coherence as well as continuous, partial and multiple wavelet coherence, to enclose the association and co-movement between global daily new infected and confirmed cases of COVID-19, global daily CO 2 emissions, and daily crude oil prices across time scales. This study explores the co-movement between COVID-19, CO 2 emissions, and crude oil prices by using the wavelet transform method. abstract: [Image: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01031-2 doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01031-2 id: cord-171231-m54moffr author: Habli, Ibrahim title: Enhancing Covid-19 Decision-Making by Creating an Assurance Case for Simulation Models date: 2020-05-17 words: 2233.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-171231-m54moffr.txt summary: When making claims about risk in safety-critical systems, it is common practice to produce an assurance case, which is a structured argument supported by evidence with the aim to assess how confident we should be in our risk-based decisions. Similar to engineered safety-critical systems, e.g. flight control software or pacemakers, the rigour and transparency with which these simulation models are developed should be proportionate to their criticality to, and influence on, public health policy -this is true for COVID-19 but also holds for other models used to support such critical decision-making. In safety-critical systems engineering it is common practice to produce an assurance case -a structured, explicit argument supported by evidence [3] . We argue that such a case has the potential to enable a wider understanding, and a critical review, of the expected benefits, limitations and assumptions that underpin the development of the simulation models and the extent to which these issues, including the different sources of uncertainty, are considered in the policy decision-making process. abstract: Simulation models have been informing the COVID-19 policy-making process. These models, therefore, have significant influence on risk of societal harms. But how clearly are the underlying modelling assumptions and limitations communicated so that decision-makers can readily understand them? When making claims about risk in safety-critical systems, it is common practice to produce an assurance case, which is a structured argument supported by evidence with the aim to assess how confident we should be in our risk-based decisions. We argue that any COVID-19 simulation model that is used to guide critical policy decisions would benefit from being supported with such a case to explain how, and to what extent, the evidence from the simulation can be relied on to substantiate policy conclusions. This would enable a critical review of the implicit assumptions and inherent uncertainty in modelling, and would give the overall decision-making process greater transparency and accountability. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.08381v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-325788-63jkyx6g author: Haddad, Chadia title: Association between eating behavior and quarantine/confinement stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak date: 2020-09-01 words: 5162.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325788-63jkyx6g.txt summary: Higher anxiety, higher fear of COVID-19, higher BMI, practicing physical exercise, and a higher number of adults living in the quarantine/confinement were significantly associated with higher shape and weight concerns. A sample of 407 participants, divided into two groups, one from the general population and the other selected among people attending dietitian clinics, were recruited to study the impact of quarantine and confinement stressors and eating behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. When taking the shape and weight concern scales as the dependent variable, the results showed that higher shape and weight concern scores were significantly associated with the female gender, higher anxiety, greater fear of COVID-19, a higher number of adults living together in the quarantine/confinement, higher BMI, and physical activity. Using a cross-sectional questionnaire-based design does not allow to confirm that merely the fear of COVID-19 caused more restraint eating, weight, and shape concerns; a longitudinal study would better assess the association of the quarantine/confinement on eating disorders. abstract: BACKGROUND: Quarantine/confinement is an effective measure to face the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Consequently, in response to this stressful situation, people confined to their homes may change their everyday eating behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between quarantine/confinement stressors and eating behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The secondary objective is to compare the association of quarantine/confinement stressors and diet behavior between two groups of participants, those attending diet clinics and those not (general population). METHOD: A cross-sectional web-based online survey carried out between April 3 and 18, 2020, enrolled 407 participants from the Lebanese population. Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to measure the behavioral features of eating disorders. RESULTS: More than half of the sample (53.0%) abide by the home quarantine/confinement, 95.4% were living with someone in the quarantine/confinement, and 39.6% continued to work from home. Higher fear of COVID-19 was found in 182 (44.8%) participants, higher boredom in 200 (49.2%) participants, higher anger in 187 (46.3%), and higher anxiety in 197 (48.5%) participants. Higher fear of COVID-19 (Beta = 0.02), higher BMI (Beta = 0.05), and physical activity (Beta = 1.04) were significantly associated with a higher restraint score. Higher anxiety, higher fear of COVID-19, higher BMI, practicing physical exercise, and a higher number of adults living in the quarantine/confinement were significantly associated with higher shape and weight concerns. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the fear of COVID-19 was correlated with more eating restraint, weight, and shape concerns in the whole sample, but more specifically in the dietitian clients group. Public health control measures are needed to reduce the detrimental effects of psychological distress associated with quarantine/confinement on eating behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32879730/ doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00317-0 id: cord-338478-gkes9a16 author: Haddad, S. title: Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient date: 2020-05-16 words: 1097.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338478-gkes9a16.txt summary: title: Encephalopathy and seizure activity in a COVID-19 well controlled HIV patient Because the patient presented with acute encephalopathy in the setting of HIV, he underwent a lumbar puncture (Table 2 ) with no white cells noted in the cerebrospinal fluid. As this was the first atypical presentation of COVID-19 witnessed by the hospital J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f staff, one of the main difficulties encountered was managing the patient''s agitation while maintaining proper isolation precautions required for further imaging. One question involves the patient''s history of well controlled HIV and COVID-19-induced leukopenia. If further cases of seizure activity are reported in COVID-19 positive patients, the usefulness of prophylactic antiepileptics will need to be evaluated especially if they present with significant encephalopathy even in the absence of abnormal brain anatomy. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study abstract: A 41-year-old male with a history of well controlled HIV presented with confusion and was found to have COVID-19. Lumbar puncture was negative. He had worsening encephalopathy with tonic-clonic seizure requiring intubation. He was treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with improvement in mental status back to baseline after 6 days. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250920301220?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00814 id: cord-340008-2efzyki4 author: Haddadi, Kaveh title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Latest Data on Neuroinvasive Potential date: 2020-09-17 words: 3581.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340008-2efzyki4.txt summary: Similar to other respiratory viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) may enter the brain via the hematogenous or neuronal route; however, only a few reports are available on the neurological complications of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, originated in China in December 2019 and rapidly progressed into an epidemic infection, such that the World Health Organization (WHO) termed this calamitous virus "coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Indeed, while the bulk of research conducted and published thus far has focused on the mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 targets the respiratory system, more recent investigations have reported disconcerting evidence of the entrance of this new coronavirus into the CNS via different ways, resulting in significant damage to this system or even death due to its infection. Some investigators in China reported that more than 30% of their 214 patients with COVID-19 presented with neurological signs and symptoms; they, therefore, concluded that SARS-CoV-2 might attack the CNS through blood or retrograde neuronal routes, causing the destruction of the CNS. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection. Similar to other respiratory viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) may enter the brain via the hematogenous or neuronal route; however, only a few reports are available on the neurological complications of COVID-19. Encephalopathy is a significant neurological complication of COVID-19. We herein present an update on the virology, neurological pathogenesis, and neuroinvasive potential of coronaviruses and briefly discuss the latest findings on SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection. The reports thus far indicate that the access of SARS-CoV into host cells is bolstered chiefly by a cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and that SARS-CoV-2 may induce some neurological manifestations via direct or indirect mechanisms. Further research is required to shed sufficient light on the impact on the central nervous system and altered mental status in patients with COVID-19. Indeed, a better understanding of the pathways of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion would further clarify the neurological pathogenesis and manifestations of coronaviruses and enhance the management and treatment of this group of patients. In the current epidemic era of COVID-19, health care staff should strongly become aware of SARS-CoV-2 infection as an essential diagnosis to get away misdiagnosis and prevention of transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2020.85980.1561 doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85980.1561 id: cord-354498-ddzeznxn author: Haddadi, Sara title: COVID-19: Risk of Alcohol abuse and Psychiatric disorders date: 2020-09-14 words: 1462.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354498-ddzeznxn.txt summary: Standard recommendations to prevent the spread of infection such as self-quarantine, hand washing, covering mouth and nose while coughing may be difficult to enforce in patients with mental illnesses. There is a controversy in discharge and management of patients with history of alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders when they come to the Emergency Departments with mild presentation of COVID-19. Patients with psychiatric disorders especially schizophrenia or those who have been diagnosed with alcohol abuse may have a higher risk for progression of their mild COVID-19 to a severe form. A higher rate of alcohol abuse in psychiatric patients and their lower compliance to self-quarantine calls for a different approach when they come to the ED with COVID-19 presentations. As discussed in this case, a higher rate of alcohol abuse in psychiatric patients and their lower compliance to self-quarantine calls for a different approach when they come to the ED with signs and symptoms of COVID-19. abstract: Alcohol abuse along with difficulties in communication has led to increased morbidity and mortality among patients with psychiatric disorders. This issue has a higher importance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Standard recommendations to prevent the spread of infection such as self-quarantine, hand washing, covering mouth and nose while coughing may be difficult to enforce in patients with mental illnesses. There is a controversy in discharge and management of patients with history of alcohol abuse and psychiatric disorders when they come to the Emergency Departments with mild presentation of COVID-19. We discussed a 39 years old patient known case of paranoid schizophrenia who came to the Emergency Department (ED) with mild fever, cough and headache. She was soon discharged from the ED after having a normal chest radiograph. She was recommended to be in self-quarantine for at least 14 days. Her COVID-19 condition deteriorated rapidly in a week, and she was brought back to the ED after she had an altercation with her friends while drinking. Patients with psychiatric disorders especially schizophrenia or those who have been diagnosed with alcohol abuse may have a higher risk for progression of their mild COVID-19 to a severe form. On the other hand, they have a role in the spread of COVID-19 in the community due to lower compliance with preventive recommendations. A higher rate of alcohol abuse in psychiatric patients and their lower compliance to self-quarantine calls for a different approach when they come to the ED with COVID-19 presentations. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120304366?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101222 id: cord-338397-mbk0i13g author: Hadjiyiannakis, D. title: Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease date: 2020-08-14 words: 2378.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338397-mbk0i13g.txt summary: title: Personal View: Low-dose Lung Radiotherapy Should be Evaluated as a Treatment for Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease Very early interim data from a US pilot trial in which older, comorbid patients with severe COVID-19 lung disease received LDRT (1.5 Gy) at standard dose rate are reassuring, with no acute deteriorations or measurable early toxicity [26] . We have outlined historical and contemporary evidence for a potential role of LDRT in managing the acute inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19 infection. In the absence of definitive, effective treatments for these patients, we believe that the potential benefits of LDRT outweigh the theoretical risks, and thus support its evaluation in carefully designed clinical trials. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID19 pneumonia unacceptable abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0936655520303216 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.08.003 id: cord-356030-bbj4r81i author: Haehner, Antje title: Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 2041.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356030-bbj4r81i.txt summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom "sudden smell loss" for screening procedures. METHODS: In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients'' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients'' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom “sudden smell loss” for screening procedures. METHODS: In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. RESULTS: Out of the 500 patients, 69 presented with olfactory loss. Twenty-two of them subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only 12 out of the patients without olfactory loss tested positive, resulting in a frequency of 64.7% for the symptom “sudden smell loss” in COVID-19 patients. Compared to COVID-19 patients without smell loss, they were significantly younger and less severely affected. Changes in nasal airflow were significantly more pronounced in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with olfactory complaints compared to the patients with smell loss who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. By excluding patients with a blocked nose, the symptom “sudden smell loss” can be attested a high specificity (97%) and a sensitivity of 65% with a positive predictive value of 63% and negative predictive value of 97% for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. In contrast to other acute viral smell impairment, COVID-19-associated smell loss seems to be only rarely accompanied by a severely blocked nose. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32526759/ doi: 10.1159/000509143 id: cord-283696-3a0s64sm author: Haen, Pierre title: CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management date: 2020-04-20 words: 646.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283696-3a0s64sm.txt summary: title: CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management Letter to the Editor (649 words) workers are expected to work every day with COVID-19 patients, and protecting them is essential to enable them work safely and avoid being infected. Airway management and, more specifically, tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of causing contamination because they generate aerosols [2] . Even if tracheostomy procedures can be used in COVID-19 patient management, no evidence-based recommendations for the protection of healthcare workers performing tracheostomies for these patients exist to date. Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Airway Management, Tracheostomy, Healthcare Worker, Safety CORONAsteps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management Infection control measures for operative procedures in severe acute respiratory syndrome-related patients Safe tracheostomy for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Improving staff safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520301652 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104729 id: cord-279401-eehb5yny author: Haffejee, Sadiyya title: ‘When will I be free’: Lessons of COVID-19 for Child Protection in South Africa date: 2020-09-04 words: 6642.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt summary: Children residing at a child and youth care centre in Gauteng, South Africa (herewith referred to as CYCC X) were invited to participate in the study. In South Africa, the social and economic disruptions caused by the pandemic and associated lockdown, combined with long-term structural social, economic and political inequality, and failures within government has impacted on service delivery, access to resources and availability of supportive networks, the absence of which increases vulnerability and heightens levels of anxiety and stress in children. In this exploratory study we aimed to address the research question ''What can the experiences and perspectives of South African children in care during lockdown tell us about the themes we should focus on to improve care moving forward?'' As the findings emerged, we noted that there were a number of domains of concern that reflect the social ecologies in which our participants operated. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has highlighted and amplified structural inequalities; drawing attention to issues of racism, poverty, xenophobia as well as arguably ineffective government policies and procedures. In South Africa, the pandemic and the resultant national lockdown has highlighted the shortcomings in the protection and care of children. Children in alternative care are particularly at risk as a result of disrupted and uncoordinated service delivery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and impact of the pandemic and the resulting social isolation on the wellbeing and protection of children living in a residential care facility. Methods and participants: We used qualitative, participatory approaches – specifically draw-and-write methods – to engage with 32 children (average age = 13.5 years) living in a residential care facility in Gauteng. FINDINGS: Children in care demonstrated an awareness of the socio-economic difficulties facing communities in South Africa, and shared deep concerns about the safety, well-being and welfare of parents and siblings. Although they expressed frustration at the lack of contact with family members, they acknowledged the resources they had access to in a residential care facility, which enabled them to cope and which ensured their safety. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We focus our discussion on the necessity of a systemic response to child welfare, including a coordinated approach by policy makers, government departments and child welfare systems to address the structural factors at the root of inequality and inadequate, unacceptable care. This is essential not only during COVID-19 but also in pre- and post-pandemic context. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071025/ doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104715 id: cord-258708-da6x5rxa author: Hafiane, Anouar title: SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiovascular system date: 2020-07-16 words: 4033.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258708-da6x5rxa.txt summary: The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In COVID-19, particular attention has been given to the role of angiotensin-(Ang) converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the binding site for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry (3). One of the clinical features of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 included abnormal features such as acute cardiac injury (12%) (22) . Significance of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CV system is reflected through incidences of acute myocardial injury, arrhythmias, ACS, sepsis, septic shock, viral myocarditis, and heart failure. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection 19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection abstract: The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a public health emergency caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and typically spreads through the respiratory tract. Invading viruses can elicit an exaggerated host immune response, frequently leading to a cytokine storm that may be fueling some COVID-19 death. This response contributes to multi-organ dysfunction. Accumulating data points to an increased cardiovascular disease morbidity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. This brief review explores potential available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19, and cardiovascular complications. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009898120303430 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.019 id: cord-335181-rvlu0h1h author: Haft, Jonathan W. title: Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement date: 2020-04-16 words: 1260.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335181-rvlu0h1h.txt summary: Abstract In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. The intent of this document is to provide guidance to the adult cardiac surgery perioperative community regarding management of patients considered or scheduled for surgical procedures in the context of the current pandemic. 2) Protecting the institution and society at large: Reducing the number of cardiac surgical procedures will result in the preservation of valuable resources that will allow for intensive care unit beds, mechanical ventilators, circuitry for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), pharmaceuticals, personal protective equipment (PPE) and healthcare workers with advanced skills to be used for the ever growing numbers of COVID-19 admissions. abstract: Abstract In the setting of the current novel coronavirus pandemic, this document has been generated to provide guiding statements for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in a rapidly evolving national landscape. Acknowledging the risk for a potentially prolonged need for cardiac surgery procedure deferral, the authors have created this proposed template for physicians and interdisciplinary teams to consider in protecting their patients, institution and their highly specialized cardiac surgery team. In addition, recommendations on the transition from traditional in-person patient assessments and outpatient follow-up are provided. Lastly, we advocate that the cardiac surgeon must continue to serve as leaders, experts, and relevant members of our medical community, shifting our role as necessary in this time of need. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.011 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.011 id: cord-253285-kskuz1ug author: Hage, René title: 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 words: 190.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253285-kskuz1ug.txt summary: key: cord-253285-kskuz1ug title: 444Calcineurin Inhibitors and COVID-19 cord_uid: kskuz1ug Secondly, the inhibiting effect of CNIs on viral replication of other coronaviruses has been demonstrated in some studies. In vitro studies showed effectiveness of CsA in some coronaviruses 5, 6 . Tacrolimus has been suggested to be effective for disease caused by the MERS-CoV 7 . Why Choose Cyclosporin A as First-line Therapy in COVID-19 Pneumonia Biologic Therapy in COVID-19. Calcineurin inhibitors revisited: A new paradigm for COVID-19? The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 in Patients with Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review Suppression of coronavirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses Replication of human coronaviruses SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E is inhibited by the drug FK506 Human coronavirus NL63 replication is cyclophilin A-dependent and inhibited by non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A-derivatives including Alisporivir Clinical Trial to Evaluate Methylprednisolone Pulses and Tacrolimus in Patients With COVID-19 Lung Injury (TACROVID) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069616/ doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2020.09.001 id: cord-296801-19p33j65 author: Hagge, Daniel title: Chancen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Telemedizin in der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde bei der Bekämpfung von SARS-COV-2: Narratives Review date: 2020-04-16 words: 1508.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296801-19p33j65.txt summary: METHODS: To prepare the review, a selective literature search was conducted at www.pubmed.com using the relevant English technical terms for telemedicine and ENT. In addition, research was conducted at www.news.google.com on current developments of the COVID-19 pandemic with the search terms "telemedicine" and "COVID-19." RESULTS: Telemedicine can be helpful in direct contact with patients as well as in the conciliar support of general practitioners. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine can make a decisive contribution to coping with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Die COVID-19-Pandemie macht es notwendig, dass neue Wege bei den Themen Personalengpässe, Infektionsschutz und Sicherstellung der Patientenversorgung beschritten werden. Die COVID-19-Pandemie könnte als Katalysator dem bisher nur schleppenden Wachstum der Telemedizin neue Impulse verschaffen. Die Auswahl der aufgenommenen Studien erfolgte nach den Kriterien Publikationsdatum sowie nach dem Bezug zum Thema Verwendung von Telemedizin bei der Diagnostik und Therapie von COVID19 Ein weiterer Vorteil von Telemedizin ist die Möglichkeit, Untersuchungsergebnisse digital speichern zu können. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing healthcare systems worldwide to the brink of collapse. One reason for this is the rapidly increasing number of new infections. On the other hand, the high sickness rates of doctors and nurses, particularly in ENT medicine, are aggravating the situation. Telemedicine can be a useful tool to reduce the number of physician–patient contacts. This could break infection chains and minimize the risk of infection for physicians. METHODS: To prepare the review, a selective literature search was conducted at www.pubmed.com using the relevant English technical terms for telemedicine and ENT. In addition, research was conducted at www.news.google.com on current developments of the COVID-19 pandemic with the search terms “telemedicine” and “COVID-19.” RESULTS: Telemedicine can be helpful in direct contact with patients as well as in the conciliar support of general practitioners. The available studies show that, on average, more than 50% of medical consultations could be carried out telemedically. Both physicians and patients rate the use of telemedicine positively. Neither image quality nor the handling of the technology are relevant obstacles to a reliable diagnosis. Patients indicated that the telemedical consultation did not last longer than a traditional consultation. Patients also highlighted the faster and better availability of medical care through telemedicine. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine can make a decisive contribution to coping with the current COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the establishment of telemedicine can help us to become better prepared for future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-020-00864-7 doi: 10.1007/s00106-020-00864-7 id: cord-266031-tlrsco40 author: Haghani, Milad title: Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCoV literature date: 2020-09-21 words: 7993.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266031-tlrsco40.txt summary: To compare the scientometric aspects of the studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19, three separate datasets of publications on these three topics were retrieved from Scopus through three separate search strategies. The decision on which general database to use (e.g. Web of Science (WoS) or Scopus) was mainly made on the basis of the number of indexed Covid-19 studies in particular, as the sector of the coronavirus literature that is currently emerging (compared to the literatures on SARS and MERS that have already stabilised). In this cluster, one can observe terms such as those associated with general public health including "wold health organisation", "public health", "public The map of keyword co-occurrences associated with the Covid-19 literature health service", "global health", as well as those associated with disease outbreaks including "emergency", "health risk" "epidemics", "pandemic", "outbreak", "viral diseases", "virus infection", "communicable disease", "transmission", "travel". abstract: During the current century, each major coronavirus outbreak has triggered a quick and immediate surge of academic publications on its respective topic. The spike in research publications following the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, however, has been like no other. The global crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has mobilised scientific efforts at an unprecedented scale. In less than 5 months, more than 12,000 research items and in less than seven months, more than 30,000 items were indexed, while it is projected that the number could exceed 80,000 by the end of 2020, should the current trend continues. With the health crisis affecting all aspects of life, research on Covid-19 seems to have become a focal point of interest across many academic disciplines. Here, scientometric aspects of the Covid-19 literature are analysed and contrasted with those of the two previous major coronavirus diseases, i.e., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The focus is on the co-occurrence of key-terms, bibliographic coupling and citation relations of journals and collaborations between countries. Interesting recurring patterns across all three literatures were discovered. All three outbreaks have commonly generated three distinct cohorts of studies: (i) studies linked to public health response and epidemic control, (ii) studies on chemical constitution of the virus; and (iii) studies related to treatment, vaccine and clinical care. While studies affiliated with category (i) seem to have been relatively earliest to emerge, they have overall received relatively smaller number of citations compared to publications the two other categories. Covid-19 studies seem to have been disseminated across a broader variety of journals and across a more diverse range of subject areas. Clear links are observed between the geographical origins of each outbreak as well as the local geographical severity of each outbreak and the magnitude of research originated from regions. Covid-19 studies also display the involvement of authors from a broader variety of countries compared to SARS and MERS. Considering the speed at which the Covid-19-related literature is accumulating, an interesting dimension that warrants further exploration could be to assess if the quality and rigour of these publications have been affected. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32981988/ doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03706-z id: cord-300078-svu06v9c author: Haghani, Milad title: Covid-19 pandemic and the unprecedented mobilisation of scholarly efforts prompted by a health crisis: Scientometric comparisons across SARS, MERS and 2019-nCov literature date: 2020-06-01 words: 6365.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300078-svu06v9c.txt summary: To compare the scientometric aspects of the studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19, three separate datasets of publications on these three topics were retrieved from Scopus through three separate search strategies. Figures A1 and A2 in the Appendix illustrate the map associated with the SARS literature overlaid respectively with the average year of publication and average number of citations associated with the studies where these keywords have occurred. Maps of term occurrences based on the analysis of the title and abstract of studies on SARS, MERS and Covid-19 have also been presented in Figures 7, 8 and 9 respectively. An inspection of the maps overlaid with the average year of publications for SARS and MERS in Figures A1 and A3 in the Appendix suggests that, on average, this cohort of studies are generally the last to emerge in the published domain compared to the two other major clusters, but they receive relatively high citations on average (according to Figures A2, A4 and A6). abstract: During the current century, each major coronavirus outbreak has triggered a quick and immediate surge of academic publications on this topic. The spike in research publications following the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, however, has been like no other. The global crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has mobilised scientific efforts in an unprecedented way. In less than five months, more than 12,000 research items have been indexed while the number increasing every day. With the crisis affecting all aspects of life, research on Covid-19 seems to have become a focal point of interest across many academic disciplines. Here, scientometric aspects of the Covid-19 literature are analysed and contrasted with those of the two previous major Coronavirus diseases, i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The focus is on the co-occurrence of key-terms, bibliographic coupling and citation relations of journals and collaborations between countries. Certain recurring patterns across all three literatures were discovered. All three outbreaks have commonly generated three distinct and major cohort of studies: (i) studies linked to the public health response and epidemic control, (ii) studies associated with the chemical constitution of the virus and (iii) studies related to treatment, vaccine and clinical care. While studies affiliated with the category (i) seem to have been the first to emerge, they overall received least numbers of citations compared to those of the two other categories. Covid-19 studies seem to have been distributed across a broader variety of journals and subject areas. Clear links are observed between the geographical origins of each outbreak or the local geographical severity of each outbreak and the magnitude of research originated from regions. Covid-19 studies also display the involvement of authors from a broader variety of countries compared to SARS and MRS. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.126813 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.126813 id: cord-253264-vt2rei7e author: Hahad, Omar title: Bevölkerungsbezogene psychische Gesundheit als Schlüsselfaktor im Umgang mit COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 1157.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253264-vt2rei7e.txt summary: In line with WHO recommendations, national guidelines and preventive measures should include the psychological consequences, the acceptance and normalization of fears and the promotion of resilience in the population in dealing with COVID-19 in order to counteract a further spread. Im Rahmen vergangener Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten (Ebola-und Zika-Virus) konnte ermittelt werden, dass maladaptive Verhaltensweisen, bedingt durch erhöhte psychische Belastungen und Ängste, die Implementierung von Behandlungsstrategien und -maßnahmen beeinträchtigen und zu einer stärkeren Ausbreitung beitragen können. Im Einklang mit Empfehlungen der WHO sollten nationale Leitlinien und präventive Maßnahmen die psychischen Auswirkungen, die Akzeptanz und Normalisierung von Ängsten und die Förderung von Resilienz in der Bevölkerung im Umgang mit COVID-19 umfassen, um einer weiteren Ausbreitung entgegenwirken zu können. Hierbei wurde gezeigt, dass maladaptive Verhaltensweisen bedingt durch erhöhte psychische Belastungen und Ängste die Implementierung von Behandlungsstrategien und -maßnahmen beeinträchtigen und zu einer stärkeren Ausbreitung beitragen. abstract: Aim The aim of the article is to point out the important role of prevention and reduction of mental stress in the general population and in sensitive groups in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This article includes the analysis and evaluation of studies and recommendations from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) that have examined the psychological consequences of epidemics/pandemics on people and their impact on the further course. Results Fear-related behaviors can adversely affect the course of epidemics. Past outbreaks of infectious diseases (Ebola and Zika virus) have shown that maladaptive behavior, related to increased psychological stress and anxiety, can interfere with the implementation of treatment strategies and actions and can contribute to a further spread. Hereby, strategies for dealing with infectious diseases, that include the suppression of fear, can trigger a vicious circle in which fear and suppression mutually reinforce each other. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense challenge to governments, health systems and people, with an uncertain outcome, which is associated with a significant burden of mental health in the population. In line with WHO recommendations, national guidelines and preventive measures should include the psychological consequences, the acceptance and normalization of fears and the promotion of resilience in the population in dealing with COVID-19 in order to counteract a further spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356301/ doi: 10.1055/a-1160-5770 id: cord-329671-f6x3if3q author: Hai, Shaikh title: Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-30 words: 687.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329671-f6x3if3q.txt summary: title: Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic Although HIV can result in no/mild symptoms in reservoir hosts, similar to the coronavirus, 2 comparison to the 1918 H1N1 Spanish flu pandemic seems more appropriate for mode of transmission and infectivity. Although ethical considerations at the time were not extensively documented, the Spanish flu and following H1N1 pandemics have taught us lessons on pandemic preparation and public health. 3, 4 Second, we do not agree that medical trainees, such as residents or medical students, be fully involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the ACGME have guidelines for this, keeping in view trainees'' personal safety balanced with their educational requirements and ethical considerations. Ethics in the time of coronavirus: recommendations in the COVID-19 pandemic Updated interim guidance for medical students'' participation in patient care during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.009 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.009 id: cord-306495-o0ah1gj9 author: Haidar, Ghady title: COVID-19, organ transplantation, and the nuances of immunomodulation: lessons learned and what comes next date: 2020-08-11 words: 1262.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306495-o0ah1gj9.txt summary: Thus, while morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 in SOT recipients are substantial, A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 they appear to be driven by age and underlying medical conditions and unaffected by immunosuppression, corroborating the results of other studies in the general population. The study included only 30 lung transplant recipients was therefore unable to assess whether mortality in these patients is greatest (as is the case with sepsis [3] ), or whether COVID-19 precipitates acute or chronic lung allograft rejection. Furthermore, since all laboratory testing was done as standard of care, the study could not evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viremia or the duration of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity, which may be longer than that of non-transplant patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780792/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1193 id: cord-330655-crfj5adf author: Haider, Asim title: COVID-19 and the Brain: Acute Encephalitis as a Clinical Manifestation date: 2020-10-03 words: 1597.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330655-crfj5adf.txt summary: The researchers confirmed the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by genome sequencing [4] . Due to suspicion of COVID-19-related encephalitis, the patient received two doses of tocilizumab (400 mg each) followed by intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (1 g/kg) for five days. A study that specifically investigated this issue documented that 36% of the hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of an acute respiratory syndrome from COVID-19 infection had some neurological manifestations. The exact mechanism by which COVID-19 infects CNS is not well-understood due to a lack of experimental data, but it is considered a mutation of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus [3] . Two case series involving CSF analysis data from 12 patients reported that the CSF had no white blood cells and the PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all the patients [9, 10] . Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) viral infections result in the clinical syndromes of aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Although the primary target of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the respiratory system, it is increasingly being recognized as a neuropathogen. The hallmark clinical feature is altered mental status, ranging from mild confusion to deep coma. Most patients with encephalopathy or encephalitis are critically ill. We present a case of COVID-19-related encephalitis who presented with acute delirium and new-onset seizures. The patient responded well to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and rituximab. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10784 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10784 id: cord-257939-tgpsd3r7 author: Haider, Maryam B. title: A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report date: 2020-07-20 words: 1496.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257939-tgpsd3r7.txt summary: title: A 46-Year-Old Woman Who Presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Pneumonia with Multiple Pulmonary Thromboemboli: A Case Report Patient: Female, 46-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID provoked thromboembolism Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases • General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs because of a novel enveloped ribonucleic acid coronavirus called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we describe a case of COVID-19 provoked pulmonary embolism in a young patient already receiving prophylactic treatment for VTE. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the case suggested that low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent VTE in COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we describe a case of COVID-19 that provoked PE in a young patient already receiving prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The findings of the case suggested that low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent VTE in COVID-19 patients with proinflammatory state. abstract: Patient: Female, 46-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID provoked thromboembolism Symptoms: Cough • dyspnea Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases • General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unknown ethiology BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs because of a novel enveloped ribonucleic acid coronavirus called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). One of the major reported complications of COVID-19 includes both arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here we describe a case of COVID-19 provoked pulmonary embolism in a young patient already receiving prophylactic treatment for VTE. CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old female with past medical history of diabetes mellites, hypertension, and asthma presented in the emergency department (ED) with dyspnea requiring 6 liters per minute of oxygen on presentation. Her main complaints were cough and vomiting. In the ED, hypoxemia worsened, and she ultimately required endotracheal intubation. Labs were suggestive of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and showed increase in all inflammatory markers and absolute lymphocytopenia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral diffuse patchy airspace opacities. Standard DKA management was started. She was also started on ceftriaxone, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, and subcutaneous heparin (5000 U every 8 h) for VTE prophylaxis. SARS-Cov2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction returned positive. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin were discontinued the very next day because of low suspicion of bacterial infection while hydroxychloroquine was completed for 5 days. On the third day of admission, the patient self-extubated and was immediately placed on nonrebreather with spO(2) in low 90s. On the fourth day of admission, D-dimer came back 4.74 mg/L, which was elevated from a prior value, so computed tomography angiography of the lungs was done, which disclosed multiple emboli in the lungs. She was started on therapeutic doses of enoxaparin sodium, which was continued through her admission. She was switched to Apixaban on discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the case suggested that low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis may not be sufficient to prevent VTE in COVID-19 pneumonia. Some of these patients may benefit from receiving prophylactic half doses or full doses of anticoagulants. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.925794 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925794 id: cord-011663-3ggah1y1 author: Haider, Najmul title: Response to ‘Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa’ (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) date: 2020-06-10 words: 364.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011663-3ggah1y1.txt summary: title: Response to ''Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa'' (Epidemiology and Infection – HYG-LE-10513-May-20) Response to ''Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa'' (Epidemiology and Infection -HYG-LE-10513-May-20) Najmul [2] . In the letter, the authors state that they obtained 2417 COVID-19 cases reported by 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa within the 30 days of the first case confirmed in Nigeria on 27 February. The authors also point out that the model did not consider the risk of importing COVID-19 cases from other countries. At the time, virtually no instances of community transmission were being reported outside of China and thus there was no data available to reliably calculate the risk of case importation from other countries (please see WHO''s situation Report-18 on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200207sitrep-18-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fa644293_2). Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7303470/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001211 id: cord-325453-5eskj42c author: Haider, Najmul title: The Global Health Security index and Joint External Evaluation score for health preparedness are not correlated with countries'' COVID-19 detection response time and mortality outcome date: 2020-09-07 words: 5704.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325453-5eskj42c.txt summary: Higher risk of importation of COVID-19 from China for a given country was negatively correlated with the time taken to detect the first case in that country (adjusted R(2) = 0.63–0.66), while the GHSI and JEE had minimal predictive value. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilised to assess the amount of variation in either the time to detection of the first case that can be explained by the GHSI and JEE score and the importation risk among countries reporting cases by 20th February 2020. Our study further confirms that the health preparedness indices used either in the GHSI or JEE had low predictive value in terms of (i) number of cases detected in the country until 20th February 2020 when most cases were imported from China and (ii) mortality outcome (deaths/million) until either 11th March or 1st July 2020. abstract: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) and Joint External Evaluation (JEE) are two well-known health security and related capability indices. We hypothesised that countries with higher GHSI or JEE scores would have detected their first COVID-19 case earlier, and would experience lower mortality outcome compared to countries with lower scores. We evaluated the effectiveness of GHSI and JEE in predicting countries' COVID-19 detection response times and mortality outcome (deaths/million). We used two different outcomes for the evaluation: (i) detection response time, the duration of time to the first confirmed case detection (from 31st December 2019 to 20th February 2020 when every country's first case was linked to travel from China) and (ii) mortality outcome (deaths/million) until 11th March and 1st July 2020, respectively. We interpreted the detection response time alongside previously published relative risk of the importation of COVID-19 cases from China. We performed multiple linear regression and negative binomial regression analysis to evaluate how these indices predicted the actual outcome. The two indices, GHSI and JEE were strongly correlated (r = 0.82), indicating a good agreement between them. However, both GHSI (r = 0.31) and JEE (r = 0.37) had a poor correlation with countries' COVID-19–related mortality outcome. Higher risk of importation of COVID-19 from China for a given country was negatively correlated with the time taken to detect the first case in that country (adjusted R(2) = 0.63–0.66), while the GHSI and JEE had minimal predictive value. In the negative binomial regression model, countries' mortality outcome was strongly predicted by the percentage of the population aged 65 and above (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.21) while overall GHSI score (IRR: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98–1.01)) and JEE (IRR: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96–1.02)) were not significant predictors. GHSI and JEE had lower predictive value for detection response time and mortality outcome due to COVID-19. We suggest introduction of a population healthiness parameter, to address demographic and comorbidity vulnerabilities, and reappraisal of the ranking system and methods used to obtain the index based on experience gained from this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002046 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002046 id: cord-263521-kv3l41qz author: Haigh, Kathryn title: Hyperinflammation with Covid-19: the key to patient deterioration?()() date: 2020-05-24 words: 882.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263521-kv3l41qz.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described(1); we write to share our experience treating a 17-year-old male with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Covid-19 infection. Considering Russell and colleagues''(3) comments about potential harm of corticosteroid use in patients with Covid-19 infection, the patient was commenced on treatment with the selective IL-1 receptor antagonist drug, Anakinra, and a two day course of intravenous immunoglobulin. The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described 1 ; we write to share our experience treating a 17-year-old male with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Covid-19. After five days of piperacillintazobactam, intravenous meropenem 1 gram three times a day was started as his liver function tests had not yet stabilised and there was concern that the piperacillin-tazobactam The patient responded rapidly to treatment, becoming apyrexial after 24 hours of Anakinra. abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential risk of cytokine storm in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been described(1); we write to share our experience treating a 17-year-old male with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Covid-19 infection. CASE REPORT: This patient presented with cough, sore throat, anorexia and pyrexia. On examination, he had gross cervical lymphadenopathy and palpable splenomegaly. Nose and throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 was positive and blood tests revealed pancytopaenia with very high ferritin, triglyceride and d-dimer levels. The patient’s HScore(2) was calculated at 220, suggesting probability of HLH of 93-96%. Considering Russell and colleagues’(3) comments about potential harm of corticosteroid use in patients with Covid-19 infection, the patient was commenced on treatment with the selective IL-1 receptor antagonist drug, Anakinra, and a two day course of intravenous immunoglobulin. RESULTS: The patient responded rapidly to treatment, becoming apyrexial after 24 hours. His lymph nodes and spleen began to normalise after the first 48 hours, at which time point the ferritin also started to decrease. He was discharged after 11 days feeling fit and well. CONCLUSION: This case certainly illustrates the importance of hyperinflammation syndromes in Covid-19. It also raises the question – is the severe pneumonitis seen in patients with Covid-19 an immunological phenomenon? We know that the viral load of patients with Covid-19 seems to peak in the early stages of illness(4, 5), however patients deteriorate later in the disease course, at around days 10-14. This patient, who had risk factors for deterioration (male, pancytopaenic), did not develop an oxygen requirement and clinically and biochemically improved rapidly on Anakinra with no adverse events. We might suggest Anakinra to the scientific community as a treatment option in Covid-19 infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590170220300200 doi: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100033 id: cord-296888-z5x6zkht author: Hailay, Abrha title: The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 words: 2760.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt summary: title: The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis This research protocol will, therefore, be driven to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the Coronavirus Disease in 2019 burden, admission and outcome among Asthmatic patients in Africa. This research protocol will, therefore, be driven to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 burden, admission and outcome among asthmatic patients in Africa. Data extraction was including information: first author, publishing month, country and/or region, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnostic criteria, comorbidity, COVID-19, study Upon introduction pick. If there will be heterogeneity between studies, we will use a meta-analysis of random-effects [24] to estimate the aggregate pooled burden, admission and outcome of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be expected to quantify the burden, admission and outcome of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak is the first reported case in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and suddenly became a major global health concern. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, on August 4, 2020 the reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 were 18,456,952 cases worldwide, 11,691,229 recovered with 697,719 deaths. Evidence on Burden, admission and outcome of Coronavirus Disease in 2019 among Asthmatic patients has not been published in Africa. This research protocol will, therefore, be driven to conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of the Coronavirus Disease in 2019 burden, admission and outcome among Asthmatic patients in Africa. METHODS: All observational studies among Asthmatic patients in Africa and written without language limitation will be included. A search technique was applied using Databases (PubMed / MEDLINE, EMBASE, HINARI, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization COVID-19 database, Africa Wide Knowledge and Web of Science). Two independent authors carried out data extraction and assess the risk of bias using a predetermined and structured method of data collection. We will use random-effects to estimate the overall pooled burden, admission and outcome of COVID-19 Asthmatic patients in Africa. To assess possible publication bias, funnel plot test and Egger’s test methods will be used. This systematic and meta-analysis review protocol will be reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines. DISCUSSION: The description will be used to show the COVID-19 distribution data by interest variables such as residence, setting, and person-level characteristics. The findings of this review will notify health care professionals about the burden, admission and outcome of COVID − 19 in asthmatic patient, while providing evidence to bring about the requisite improvements in clinical practice for asthmatic patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This review is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic reviews with the registration number of CRD42020202049. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40733-020-00061-x doi: 10.1186/s40733-020-00061-x id: cord-346288-9to4sdfq author: Haimovich, A. title: Development and validation of the COVID-19 severity index (CSI): a prognostic tool for early respiratory decompensation date: 2020-05-12 words: 5019.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346288-9to4sdfq.txt summary: Main outcome and performance measures: We used a composite endpoint of respiratory critical illness as defined by oxygen requirement beyond low-flow nasal cannula (e.g., non-rebreather mask, high-flow nasal cannula, bi-level positive pressure ventilation), intubation, or death within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Conclusions: A significant proportion of admitted COVID-19 patients decompensate within 24 hours of hospital presentation and these events are accurately predicted using respiratory exam findings within a simple scoring system. 9, 10 Second, to aid healthcare providers in assessing illness severity in COVID-19 positive patients, we present two predictive models of early respiratory decompensation during hospitalization: the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) and a machine learning-derived COVID-19 Severity Index (CSI). Consistent with clinical observations, we noted a significant rate of progression to critical respiratory illness within the first 24 hours of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Objective: The goal of this study was to create a predictive model of early hospital respiratory decompensation among patients with COVID-19. Design: Observational, retrospective cohort study. Setting: Nine-hospital health system within the Northeastern United States. Populations: Adult patients ([≥] 18 years) admitted from the emergency department who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) up to 24 hours after initial presentation. Patients meeting criteria for critical respiratory illness within 4 hours of arrival were excluded. Main outcome and performance measures: We used a composite endpoint of respiratory critical illness as defined by oxygen requirement beyond low-flow nasal cannula (e.g., non-rebreather mask, high-flow nasal cannula, bi-level positive pressure ventilation), intubation, or death within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. We developed predictive models using patient demographic and clinical data collected during those first 4 hours. Eight hospitals were used for development and internal validation (n=932) and 1 hospital for model external validation (n=240). Predictive variables were identified using an ensemble approach that included univariate regression, random forest, logistic regression with LASSO, Chi-square testing, gradient boosting information gain, and gradient boosting Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values prior to manual curation. We generated two predictive models, a quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) that uses only exam and vital sign measurements, and a COVID-19 severity index (CSI) machine learning model. Using area under receiver operating characteristic (AU-ROC), precision-recall curves (AU-PRC) and calibration metrics, we compare the qCSI and CSI to three illness scoring systems: Elixhauser mortality score, qSOFA, and CURB-65. We present performance of qCSI and CSI on an external validation cohort. Results: During the study period from March 1, 2020 to April 27, 2020, 1,792 patients were admitted with COVID-19. Six-hundred and twenty patients were excluded based on age or critical illness within the first 4 hours, yielding 1172 patients in the final cohort. Of these patients, 144 (12.3%) met the composite endpoint within the first 24 hours. The qCSI (AU-ROC: 0.90 [0.85-0.96]) comprised of nasal cannula flow rate, respiratory rate, and minimum documented pulse oximetry outperformed the baseline models (qSOFA: 0.76 [0.69-0.85]; Elixhauser: 0.70 [0.62-0.80]; CURB-65: AU-ROC 0.66 [0.58-0.77]) and was validated on an external cohort (AU-ROC: 0.82). The machine learning-based CSI had superior performance on the training cohort (AU-ROC: 0.91 [0.86-0.97]), but was unlikely to provide practical improvements in clinical settings. Conclusions: A significant proportion of admitted COVID-19 patients decompensate within 24 hours of hospital presentation and these events are accurately predicted using respiratory exam findings within a simple scoring system. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.07.20094573v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20094573 id: cord-259329-8pta6o6a author: Haimovich, Adrian title: Development and validation of the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI): a prognostic tool for early clinical decompensation date: 2020-07-21 words: 4823.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259329-8pta6o6a.txt summary: The objective of this study was to derive a risk stratification tool to predict 24 hour respiratory decompensation in admitted patients with COVID-19. 12 Second, to aid healthcare providers in assessing illness severity in COVID-3 19 patients, we present predictive models of early respiratory failure during hospitalization and compare them to three benchmarks accessible using data in the electronic health record: the Elixhauser comorbidity index, 13 the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA), 14, 15 and the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score. This was a retrospective observational cohort study to develop a prognostic model of early respiratory decompensation in patients admitted from the emergency department with COVID-19. 1Consistent with clinical observations, we noted a significant rate of progression to critical respiratory illness within the first 24 hours of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to develop a prognostic tool of early hospital respiratory failure among emergency department (ED) patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods This was an observational, retrospective cohort study from a nine ED health system in the United States of admitted adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and a ≤ 6 L/min oxygen requirement. We sought to predict respiratory failure within 24 hours of admission as defined by oxygen requirement of ≥ 10 L/min, any high-flow device, non-invasive or invasive ventilation, or death. Predictive models were compared to the Elixhauser comorbidity index, quick serial organ failure assessment (qSOFA), and the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score. Results During the study period from March 1 to April 27, 2020, 1,792 patients were admitted with COVID-19, 620 (35%) of whom had respiratory failure in the ED. Of the remaining 1,172 admitted patients, 144 (12.3%) met the composite endpoint within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Using area under receiver-operating characteristic curves, we compared the performance of a novel bedside scoring system, the quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) composed of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygen flow rate (mean [95% CI]) (0.81 [0.73-0.89]), a machine- learning model, the COVID-19 severity index (0.76 [0.65-0.86]), to the Elixhauser mortality index (0.61 [0.51-0.70])), CURB-65 (0.50 [0.40-0.60]), and qSOFA (0.59 [0.50-0.68]). A low qCSI score (≤ 3) had a sensitivity of 0.79 [0.65- 0.93] and specificity of 0.78 [0.72-0.83] in predicting respiratory decompensation with a less than 5% risk of outcome in the validation cohort. Conclusions A significant proportion of admitted COVID-19 patients progress to respiratory failure within 24 hours of admission. These events are accurately predicted using bedside respiratory exam findings within a simple scoring system. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064420305886?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.07.022 id: cord-303034-w72oeoxq author: Haischer, Michael H. title: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-15 words: 4429.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt summary: To understand the demographics of mask wearers and resistors, and the impact of mandates on mask-wearing behavior, we observed shoppers (n = 9935) entering retail stores during periods of June, July, and August 2020. Wearing a mask in public is currently a controversial and politicized issue in the United States, even with case evidence from other countries that face coverings help to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1] . To facilitate greater understanding and reliable experimental data on whether gender, age, location, and the presence of mask mandates influence mask wearing in the United States, we conducted a direct observational study at retail stores in Wisconsin. It is not surprising that our June data showed that older individuals wear masks more than middle-age and young people because older adults are at higher risk for more severe cases of COVID-19. abstract: Masks are an effective tool in combatting the spread of COVID-19, but some people still resist wearing them and mask-wearing behavior has not been experimentally studied in the United States. To understand the demographics of mask wearers and resistors, and the impact of mandates on mask-wearing behavior, we observed shoppers (n = 9935) entering retail stores during periods of June, July, and August 2020. Approximately 41% of the June sample wore a mask. At that time, the odds of an individual wearing a mask increased significantly with age and was also 1.5x greater for females than males. Additionally, the odds of observing a mask on an urban or suburban shopper were ~4x that for rural areas. Mask mandates enacted in late July and August increased mask-wearing compliance to over 90% in all groups, but a small percentage of resistors remained. Thus, gender, age, and location factor into whether shoppers in the United States wear a mask or face covering voluntarily. Additionally, mask mandates are necessary to increase mask wearing among the public to a level required to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057375/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240785 id: cord-353391-o0s2h0y0 author: Haj Bloukh, Samir title: A Look Behind the Scenes at COVID-19: National Strategies of Infection Control and Their Impact on Mortality date: 2020-08-04 words: 9925.0 sentences: 539.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353391-o0s2h0y0.txt summary: To investigate the importance of serum vitamin D levels, median age, temperature, and humidity we compare infection control measures and their impact on COVID-19-related fatalities in Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland ( Figure 1 ). A study compared community-wide mask compliance in relation to the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases/fatalities in Hong Kong, Singapore, and other countries [29] . This mask-wearing strategy combined with social distancing, personal hygiene, cancellation of social gatherings, use of the home office, and school closures resulted in the effective control of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to other neighboring countries [29] . We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak. We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as an example of a highly populated, globally interconnected country with an equatorial hot climate and excellent control of the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: (1) Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began spreading across the globe in December and, as of 9 July 2020, had inflicted more than 550,000 deaths. Public health measures implemented to control the outbreak caused socio-economic havoc in many countries. The pandemic highlighted the quality of health care systems, responses of policymakers in harmony with the population, and socio-economic resilience factors. We suggest that different national strategies had an impact on mortality and case count. (2) Methods: We collected fatality data for 17 countries until 2 June 2020 from public data and associated these with implemented containment measures. (3) Results: The outcomes present the effectiveness of control mechanisms in mitigating the virus for selected countries and the UAE as a special case. Pre-existing conditions defined the needed public health strategies and fatality numbers. Other pre-existing conditions, such as temperature, humidity, median age, and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations played minor roles and may have had no direct impact on fatality rates. (4) Conclusions: Prevention, fast containment, adequate public health strategies, and importance of indoor environments were determining factors in mitigating the pandemic. Development of public health strategies adapted to pre-existing conditions for each country and community compliance with implemented policies ensure the successful control of pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155616 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155616 id: cord-291719-1ku6cmwj author: Hajjo, Rima title: A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-10-06 words: 6493.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291719-1ku6cmwj.txt summary: METHODS: We developed and employed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and affect a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses. RESULTS: Our analysis demonstrates that BCG vaccine affects the production and maturation of naïve T cells resulting in enhanced, long-lasting trained innate immune responses that can provide protection against novel viruses. Herein, we describe a unique drug and vaccine repurposing workflow, and list high confidence proteins and pharmacological classes of compounds, that work as BCG mimics at the system level by inducing beneficial long lasting trained immune response. Earlier studies suggested that the documented beneficial off-target effects of BCG in protecting from non-TB infections, including perhaps COVID-19, involve a potentiation of innate immune responses through epigenetic mechanisms (56) (57) (58) . abstract: PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is expected to continue to cause worldwide fatalities until the World population develops ‘herd immunity’, or until a vaccine is developed and used as a prevention. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to identify alternative means of antiviral defense. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine that has been recognized for its off-target beneficial effects on the immune system can be exploited to boast immunity and protect from emerging novel viruses. METHODS: We developed and employed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and affect a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses. RESULTS: Our analysis demonstrates that BCG vaccine affects the production and maturation of naïve T cells resulting in enhanced, long-lasting trained innate immune responses that can provide protection against novel viruses. We have identified small-molecule BCG mimics, including antiviral drugs such as raltegravir and lopinavir as high confidence hits. Strikingly, our top hits emetine and lopinavir were independently validated by recent experimental findings that these compounds inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide systems biology support for using BCG and small-molecule BCG mimics as putative vaccine and drug candidates against emergent viruses including SARS-CoV-2. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-020-02930-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33025261/ doi: 10.1007/s11095-020-02930-9 id: cord-281944-5rh0v96j author: Hajure, Mohammedamin title: Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Chronic Medical Patients Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-28 words: 3759.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281944-5rh0v96j.txt summary: Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia. Female gender (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.06, 2.59)), poor social support (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.10, 3.42)), widowed/divorced (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI (1.59, 9.64)), separated (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI (1.64, 8.19)), and longer duration of illness (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.15, 2.89)) were significantly associated with depression, whereas earlier age at onset of illness, having more than three co-morbid diagnoses, tobacco use and poor social support were found to have significant association with anxiety among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. Whereas, earlier age at onset of illness (less than 36 years), having more than three comorbid diagnosis, past three month use of tobacco and poor social support were found to have significant associations with anxiety symptoms among chronic medical patients in Ethiopia amid COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the mental health condition of the world's population. Although the direct effect of COVID-19 on the mental health status of chronic medical patients is well understood, the burden of depression and anxiety on patients with chronic medical conditions is not well studied yet. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Mettu, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to July 30, 2020 among chronic medical patients in Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Consecutive sampling technique was applied with a total of 423 samples. Quantitative data were employed by using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistical procedures, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed. The statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. RESULTS: The findings showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among chronic medical patients was 55.7% and 61.8%, respectively. Female gender (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.06, 2.59)), poor social support (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.10, 3.42)), widowed/divorced (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI (1.59, 9.64)), separated (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI (1.64, 8.19)), and longer duration of illness (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.15, 2.89)) were significantly associated with depression, whereas earlier age at onset of illness, having more than three co-morbid diagnoses, tobacco use and poor social support were found to have significant association with anxiety among chronic medical patients amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of concurrent depression and anxiety in the current study was high. Strategies for prompt identification and treatment of depression and anxiety should be developed among medically ill patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149592/ doi: 10.2147/ndt.s281995 id: cord-292795-yc613g96 author: Hakeem, Abdul Rahman title: Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population date: 2020-06-11 words: 3863.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292795-yc613g96.txt summary: title: Awareness and concerns among adult Liver Transplant recipients in the current pandemic caused by novel coronavirus (COVID-19): Strategies to safeguard a high-risk population BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. An 18-point questionnaire explored their knowledge of COVID-19, awareness of recipient''s high-risk status, interventions to minimize cross-infections and concerns of this patient group regarding the pandemic. An 18-point questionnaire explored their knowledge of COVID-19, awareness of recipient''s high-risk status, interventions to minimize cross-infections and concerns of this patient group regarding the pandemic. Concerns were raised by the recipients mostly regarding the uncertainties of COVID-19 infection and its treatment options, the quality of information on social messaging platforms and lack of access to routine tests/immunosuppression levels due to lockdown/social distancing. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly and there are obvious concerns for the immunocompromised patient population including transplant recipients. Creating awareness and understanding patient concerns will play an important role in protecting this vulnerable group in developing timely and appropriate healthcare interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 23(rd) March 2020 & 1(st) April 2020 among 154 liver transplant recipients, transplanted between October 2018 and February 2020. An 18-point questionnaire explored their knowledge of COVID-19, awareness of recipient’s high-risk status, interventions to minimize cross-infections and concerns of this patient group regarding the pandemic. RESULTS: There were 112 (73%) respondents, with median age of 53 years (81% males). There was no difference in demographics between those who responded (n=112), to those who did not respond to the survey (n=42). Most of the recipients were aware of the main symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever (92%), breathlessness (86%), dry cough (87%), but less than half were aware of diarrhea (39%) as a symptom. Awareness about spread from asymptomatic individuals was limited (26%). Majority (95%) understood their high-risk status, but worryingly 23% of the respondents felt that there was no risk in visiting the hospital for routine clinic visit and blood tests. Concerns were raised by the recipients mostly regarding the uncertainties of COVID-19 infection and its treatment options, the quality of information on social messaging platforms and lack of access to routine tests/immunosuppression levels due to lockdown/social distancing. CONCLUSIONS: Our liver transplant recipients have a reasonable awareness regarding COVID-19. Problems in accessing the healthcare system during prolonged periods of lockdown was a major concern. It is important for each transplant unit to educate, support and remain accessible to this vulnerable patient cohort as the pandemic continues to progress worldwide. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973688320300888?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.06.001 id: cord-254269-x8vpnhd2 author: Hakim, Abraham A. title: Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 1321.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254269-x8vpnhd2.txt summary: A review of the PubMed Central and Medline provides articles examining the role of telemedicine for preoperative, postoperative, and follow up evaluation of surgical patients encompassing the past two decades. We report the summarized findings of these studies, the financial and HIPAA considerations of using telemedicine, potential benefits, pitfalls and strategies for the utilization of telemedicine into the clinical practice of general surgery and its subspecialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. While surgery may not seem like it would lend itself to telehealth practices, multiple studies have shown it can be a viable modality for safe and effective surgical care as an alternative to in-office visits in the pre and post-operative periods. The implementation of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic helps anyone and everyone adhere to policies of social distancing and reduce exposure, particularly patients at high risk Current use of telemedicine for post-discharge surgical care: a systematic review abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought rapid changes to the way care must be delivered to keep patients and providers safe while simultaneously managing limited resources. Multiple fields have used telemedicine to continue care while maintaining social distancing and quarantine practices in the pandemic. Presented in this paper is a review describing the application of telemedicine in caring for surgical patients, and methods for potential implications of telehealthcare for surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the PubMed Central and Medline provides articles examining the role of telemedicine for preoperative, postoperative, and follow up evaluation of surgical patients encompassing the past two decades. Additionally, articles examining the financial and legal considerations of telemedicine, and the effect COVID-19 has had on the current legislature were included. We report the summarized findings of these studies, the financial and HIPAA considerations of using telemedicine, potential benefits, pitfalls and strategies for the utilization of telemedicine into the clinical practice of general surgery and its subspecialties during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.026 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.026 id: cord-320645-wu0sdbrk author: Hakim, Radwan title: COVID-19 et SCA ST+ date: 2020-10-01 words: 2410.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320645-wu0sdbrk.txt summary: Si les objectifs de délais de revascularisation du SCA ST+ (< 120 min) sont souvent difficiles à tenir en temps normal, ils ont été quasi impossible à atteindre en période de confinement tant les obstacles étaient nombreux. Si les objectifs de délais de revascularisation du SCA ST+ (< 120 min) sont souvent difficiles à tenir en temps normal, ils ont été quasi impossible à atteindre en période de confinement tant les obstacles étaient nombreux. Les SCA ST+ chez les patients porteurs du COVID-19 ont souvent une présentation clinique particulière et l''absence d''obstruction coronaire à l''angiographie est fréquente. Les SCA ST+ chez les patients porteurs du COVID-19 ont souvent une présentation clinique particulière et l''absence d''obstruction coronaire à l''angiographie est fréquente. Dans le registre France PCI, ce sont les patients se présentant directement aux urgences qui ont été les plus impactés par ces retards de prise en charge avec notamment un doublement du délai médian « symptômes-premier contact médical (PCM) » (238 vs 450 min ; p = 0,04). abstract: La pandémie du COVID-19 a eu un impact inattendu sur les urgences cardiovasculaires, en particulier le SCA ST+. Le registre France PCI et d’autres études à travers le monde ont mis en exergue une baisse notable des infarctus arrivant dans les structures hospitalières. Cette baisse est principalement liée à la peur des patients de venir à l’hôpital et d’y être contaminés. Si les objectifs de délais de revascularisation du SCA ST+ (< 120 min) sont souvent difficiles à tenir en temps normal, ils ont été quasi impossible à atteindre en période de confinement tant les obstacles étaient nombreux. L’allongement des délais et du temps total d’ischémie a conduit à une surmortalité, notamment dans les régions les plus affectées par l’épidémie. Des recommandations de prise en charge des SCA ST+ en période de COVID-19 ont ainsi été édictées par les sociétés savantes. Les SCA ST+ chez les patients porteurs du COVID-19 ont souvent une présentation clinique particulière et l’absence d’obstruction coronaire à l’angiographie est fréquente. Leur pronostic est très sombre. Seules des campagnes d’information du public et une organisation adaptée à la prise en charge des urgences coronaires en période épidémique pourront tenter d’en limiter les effets et éviter d’aggraver à l’avenir une situation sanitaire déjà fragilisée. The COVID-19 pandemic had an unexpected impact on cardiovascular emergencies, particularly STEMI. The France PCI registry and other studies around the world have highlighted a significant decrease in myocardial infarctions arriving at hospital. This decrease is mainly related to patients' fear of coming to the hospital and being contaminated. Although the STEMI revascularization time targets (< 120 min) are often difficult to achieve in normal times, they were almost impossible to achieve in periods of lockdown because of the many obstacles. Longer delays and longer total ischemic time have led to excess mortality, especially in the regions most affected by the epidemic. Recommendations for the management of STEMI during the COVID-19 period have thus been issued by the scientific societies. STEMI in patients with COVID-19 often have an uncommon clinical presentation and the absence of coronary obstruction on angiography is frequent. Their prognosis is very poor. Only public information campaigns and an organization adapted to the management of coronary emergencies during epidemics can try to limit their effects and avoid aggravating an already fragile health situation in the future. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003392820301438?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.034 id: cord-293921-hj8oecmk author: Halayem, Soumeyya title: How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? Perceived stress and coping strategies date: 2020-06-27 words: 700.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293921-hj8oecmk.txt summary: title: How Tunisians physicians of public health hospitals deal with COVID‐19 pandemic? . Several studies highlighted the psychological impact of COVID-19 among physicians [4, 5] . In Tunisia, there is no available publications about the stress experience and the coping strategies among health workers. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 on Tunisian physicians working at public health hospitals'' stress and coping strategies during the pandemic. Physicians who trusted on nationals polices managements of the COVID-19 outbreak were significantly less stressed (27.7, SD=5.75) than others (29. Stressed physicians used significantly more social This article is protected by copyright. The main finding of our study was the high score of stress among female and young physicians in training. We found that high level of stress was positively correlated with social support, resolving problem and negatively with avoidance. Stressed physicians in our sample have less trust on nationals polices managements of the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592508/ doi: 10.1111/pcn.13097 id: cord-330658-vp8fcy1a author: Hale, Molly title: Outbreak Investigation of COVID-19 in Hospital Food Service Workers date: 2020-08-13 words: 1103.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330658-vp8fcy1a.txt summary: Abstract An outbreak of ten COVID-19 cases among food and nutrition department employees occurred before the institution implemented universal masking and physical spacing between staff as part of an overall COVID-19 pandemic response. The formal investigation included contact tracing, education of employees on infection control measures and safe practices (e.g. not coming to work ill), implementing control measures, employee screening (temperature checks, symptom screen, and asymptomatic COVID-19 testing), communication of key findings and maintaining the surveillance system. Ten staff members from the food and nutrition department were positive for SARS-CoV-2 during this investigation. The index case in this COVID-19 outbreak among hospital food and nutrition staff worked 4 shifts with mild respiratory symptoms before seeking evaluation and treatment. Seven additional staff in this department became symptomatic and tested positive for COVID-19. abstract: Abstract An outbreak of ten COVID-19 cases among food and nutrition department employees occurred before the institution implemented universal masking and physical spacing between staff as part of an overall COVID-19 pandemic response. The outbreak highlighted the importance of early recognition of potential occupational exposure risks, prompt outbreak investigation and implementation of engineering and administrative safety controls. It also served as an opportunity for different departments within the institution to collaborate to prevent future outbreaks. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019665532030777X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.08.011 id: cord-258676-6kgxpcwc author: Haleem, Abid title: Areas of academic research with the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 words: 1351.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258676-6kgxpcwc.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection. There is an urgent need to identify and study the areas of academic research which will be impacted by COVID-19 [3] . COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency of international concern.It has posed new challenges to the global research community. With the help of academic research, there is a need for a better understanding of the COVID-19 and its socio-economic ramifications on society. abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) endemic is growing exponentially in the whole world. Researchers, technologists, doctors and other healthcare workers are working day and night on the development of vaccine and medicinesto control and treat this virus. SARS-CoV-2 is the name of the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 disease, which is highly infectious and lethal.With exponentially increasing infections, proportionate fatalities are being reported both from developed and under developed countries. As of today, more than one million people across the world have been reported infected with this virus, and more than 65,000 people have died of this disease. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for conducting academic research on several aspects of this highly contagious disease, to find effective means of containment and treatment of the disease, for now, and in future. We have identified some opportunities for academic research related to COVID-19 and have also provided suggestions to contain, prevent and treat this viral infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.022 id: cord-275880-d53xe5oh author: Halepas, Steven title: A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19. date: 2020-04-09 words: 1295.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt summary: In the late 1980s and early 1990s, in an attempt to protect health care workers, OSHA and the CDC proposed guidelines to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B. In an op-ed published in the New York Times on November 12, 1989, Dr. Avrum Goldstein, a periodontist from New Haven, CT, expressed his opposition this way: "...these regulations will bring about changes in the dentist-patient relationship and make it more difficult to practice dentistry. Patients'' needs a warm and trusting relationship with their dentist to help overcome fears and make necessary dentistry possible. The AIDS pandemic resulted in masks, gowns, and eye protection. It found that the SARS outbreak had a large impact on providers with some countries reporting that 25-33% of those infected were health care workers. Will dentistry accept the advances or continue our history of fighting change? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302529/ doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.03.036 id: cord-256264-9pyn0l6w author: Halimi, Vesa title: Current regulatory approaches for accessing potential COVID-19 therapies date: 2020-05-16 words: 1504.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256264-9pyn0l6w.txt summary: This commentary aims to elaborate challenges in the regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating COVID-19 potential therapies either with off-label use, compassionate use, emergency use or for clinical trials. There are several regulatory approaches for accessing potential therapies in COVID-19 and they can be classified as clinical trials, compassionate use, emergency use and off-label use (Table 1) [1] [2] [3] . Although terminology and modalities may not be identical, compassionate use programs demanding regulatory approval, informed consent and follow-up information are established in most countries [11, 12] , and can be used to facilitate the access of seriously ill COVID-19 patients that cannot have access in clinical studies. Having regard to the fact that the manufacturer Gilead was called from the licensed clinicians to provide Remdesivir to hospitalized COVID-19 patients under the compassionate use, since 25th January 2020, and based on the methodological issues found at Grein et al.''s paper [16] , it remains doubtful whether Gilead or regulatory authorities were not vulnerable toward this program. abstract: This commentary aims to elaborate challenges in the regulatory approaches for accessing and investigating COVID-19 potential therapies either with off-label use, compassionate use, emergency use or for clinical trials. Since no therapies have been formally approved and completely effective and safe to date, the best clinical choice is acquired only after consistent and fair communication and collaboration between licensed clinicians, researchers, regulatory authorities, manufacturers and patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32454981/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00222-6 id: cord-283458-ndzafv3c author: Hall, MAJ Andrew title: Converting a Small Surgical Team into a Pandemic Response Team for an Isolated Population date: 2020-04-10 words: 2160.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283458-ndzafv3c.txt summary: This article discusses the method and challenges facing a small surgical team tasked with preparing for and treating the novel infectious disease process, COVID-19. The team is responsible for caring for an isolated population, with limited supplies, and medical evacuation limitations. This transition to a new primary medical mission in the face of a pandemic is applicable to any small medical team tasked with taking care of isolated populations. Centralized suspected exposure reporting is required, with any suspected individuals calling or reporting to designated locations where medical personnel can don personal protective equipment (PPE) and clinically assess the probability of infection (Fig. 1) . When this cannot be supported and individuals will join at various dates, the best option we have found is "restriction of movement." 6 During restriction of movement, at-risk populations are segregated only to certain locations at specific times as best as possible, to reduce exposure at communal points such as recreation, hygiene (bathing and toilet), and dining facilities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283267/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.001 id: cord-333986-xkx181ek author: Hall, Mary-Frances E. title: Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-06 words: 7074.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333986-xkx181ek.txt summary: title: Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson''s Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19 We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19. In contrast, many studies have shown that prolonged high-intensity aerobic exercise leads to increased death from a viral respiratory infection and over suppression of the immune response [51] [52] [53] . Two other studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of exercise in mice PD induction models collectively found in swimming [78] and endurance exercise [72] groups: (i) decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, (ii) significant reductions in α-Syn protein along with diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-β), and (iii) decreased activation of TLR2 and its subsequent downstream signaling cascades (MyD88, TRAF6, and TAK1) [72, 78] . abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson’s (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090612 doi: 10.3390/brainsci10090612 id: cord-257751-n7w1psr4 author: Halperin, Daniel T. title: Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic date: 2020-06-30 words: 6378.0 sentences: 386.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257751-n7w1psr4.txt summary: As we wrestle with how best to mitigate COVID-19, it is imperative to concur on the likely main drivers of transmission (notably, infection clusters resulting from prolonged indoor respiratory exposure) in order to clearly explain risk and to determine the most effective, realistic behavioral and other means to reduce illness and mortality. What is clear, based on evidence from several countries (and despite media attention to statistically anomalous cases of healthy and younger victims), is that severe outcomes and deaths from COVID-19 are overwhelmingly associated with preexisting (and especially multiple) serious illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease, [14] [15] [16] more so in men and particularly when exacerbated by obesity and smoking. Moreover, the fact that between 96% (in the United States 16 ) and more than 99% (in Italy 14 ) of COVID-19-related deaths, at any age, have occurred in persons with preexisting conditions could suggest that even very old but otherwise healthy people may not be at greatly elevated risk of dying from the disease. abstract: It is imperative to concur on the main transmission routes of COVID-19 to explain risk and determine the most effective means to reduce illness and mortality. We must avoid generating irrational fear and maintain a broader perspective in the pandemic response, including assessing the possibility for substantial unintended consequences. url: https://doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00189 doi: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00189 id: cord-285428-fcrunf38 author: Halstead, Scott B. title: COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale date: 2020-04-08 words: 684.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285428-fcrunf38.txt summary: Efforts to develop vaccines against Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are well advanced, based in part on experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). 3 Convalescent SARS antibodies given early in illness have been shown to reduce disease severity. 7 Gamma globulin prepared from immune donors or protective monoclonal antibodies offer possibilities of short-term protection for care givers and healthcare workers and, in particular, for those at high risk of severe or fatal COVID-19. To avoid possible enhancement of COVID-19, antibodies might be given to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections after the removal or inactivation of the IgG Fc terminus. Efforts are well underway by many groups to derive monoclonal antibodies or manufacture gamma globulin from the huge cohort of COVID-19 convalescent immunes. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) abstract: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0239 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0239 id: cord-322404-lj5hfuqm author: Halvatsiotis, P. title: Demographic and Clinical Features of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Greece: The Burden of Diabetes and Obesity date: 2020-07-17 words: 2726.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322404-lj5hfuqm.txt summary: Abstract Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes of critically ill Covid-19 patients in Greece. Methods In this retrospective observational multi-centre study, data and outcomes of 90 RNA 2109-nCoV confirmed critically ill patients from 8 hospitals throughout Greece, were analysed. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes and obesity may have contributed to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 critically ill patients in Greece. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes of critically ill Covid-19 patients in Greece. The aim of this retrospective observational study, was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes in Greek patients admitted to ICUs for respiratory failure caused by Covid-19 pneumonia. abstract: Abstract Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the association between type-2 diabetes mellitus, other underlying diseases and obesity with the outcomes of critically ill Covid-19 patients in Greece. Methods In this retrospective observational multi-centre study, data and outcomes of 90 RNA 2109-nCoV confirmed critically ill patients from 8 hospitals throughout Greece, were analysed. All reported information stand through April 13th 2020. Results The median age of the patients was 65.5 (IQR 56-73), majority were male (80%) and obesity was present in 34.4% of patients most prevalent to younger than 55 years. Hypertension was the prevailing comorbidity (50%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (21.1%) and type-2 diabetes (18.9%). At admission, common symptoms duration had a median of 8 (IQR 5-11) days. A 13.3% of the patients were discharged, 53.4% were still in the ICUs and 28.9% deceased who were hospitalised for fewer days than the survivors [6 (IQR 3-9) vs. 9 (IQR 7-14.5) respectively]. Aging was not a risk factor but diabetes deteriorates the outcomes. Obesity poses a suggestive burden as it was more notable in deceased versus survivors. Conclusions Type 2 diabetes and obesity may have contributed to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 critically ill patients in Greece. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108331 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108331 id: cord-287452-nslygsdf author: Hamam, Asmaa Abu title: Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic – The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma date: 2020-09-30 words: 7750.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287452-nslygsdf.txt summary: Furthermore, a recent study that explored psychological distress related to COVID-19 indicated that prior trauma exposure and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f subsequent PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated levels of psychiatric symptomatology and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic (Lahav, under review) . Specifically, it explored the unique contribution of PTG attributed to prior trauma in explaining peritraumatic stress symptoms J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related to the pandemic, above and beyond background characteristics, COVID-19-related stressors, and PTSD symptoms resulting from past trauma. Our results revealed that several background characteristics and COVID-19-related stressors were associated with peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic, even after taking into account PTSD symptoms and PTG attributed to prior trauma. abstract: Trauma survivors who suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be particularly vulnerable when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet trauma exposure may also lead to salutogenic outcomes, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Nevertheless, the implications of PTG attributed to prior trauma, for trauma survivors’ adjustment when facing additional stressors, are unclear. Addressing this gap, 528 Israeli trauma survivors were assessed for PTG and PTSD symptoms attributed to prior trauma, as well as peritraumatic stress symptoms related to the pandemic, as part of an online survey. Analyses revealed that being younger, female, quarantined, negatively self-rating one’s health status, and suffering from PTSD symptoms were associated with elevated peritraumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, PTG attributed to prior trauma made a significant contribution in explaining elevated intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. The present results point to the need for clinicians to take into account reports of PTG attributed to prior trauma when treating trauma survivors during the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.029 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.029 id: cord-345632-iha2c5zo author: Hamdy, Sherif M title: Management Strategies of Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-08-17 words: 3983.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345632-iha2c5zo.txt summary: Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are pivotal in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), potentially placing patients at an increased risk of contracting infections such as COVID-19. 2 This review discusses the challenges in treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the COVID-19 era and proposes algorithms for tailoring potential management of acute relapses as well as the use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) during this critical period. 33, 34 Monthly IVIG administration is also considered to be an effective treatment option in preventing NMOSD relapses in patients with anti-MOG disease, especially throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, owing to its immune-boosting and antiviral properties. Various immunosuppressive agents including azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclophosphamide (CTX), as well as monoclonal antibodies including rituximab (RTX), eculizumab, and tocilizumab have been reported effective in reducing the annualized relapse rate and stabilizing EDSS scores of NMOSD patients. abstract: The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency of international concern and has affected management plans of many autoimmune disorders. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are pivotal in the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), potentially placing patients at an increased risk of contracting infections such as COVID-19. The optimal management strategy of NMOSD during the COVID-19 era remains unclear. Here, however, we examined the evidence of NMOSD disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) use during the present period and highlighted different scenarios including treatment of relapses as well as initiation and maintenance of DMTs in order to optimize care of NMOSD patients in the COVID-19 era. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s261753 doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s261753 id: cord-268206-ino9srb6 author: Hamed, Manal A. title: An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation date: 2020-06-01 words: 6067.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268206-ino9srb6.txt summary: Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and around the world. In the current SARS-COV-2 pandemic, Wu and McGoogan (2020) showed that patients with chronic diseases, including diabetes, were at higher risk for severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. The former (S) is the wild type which is milder while the latter (L) is the novel one which resulted in high binding affinity between SARS-COV-2 virus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in human cells. The use of convalescent plasma was recommended before as an important treatment during outbreaks of Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-COV-1, H5N1 avian influenza, and H1N1 influenza (Zhou et al. In a study involving patients with pandemic influenza (H1N1) and SARS virus, treatment of severe infection with convalescent plasma was associated with reduced respiratory viral load, serum cytokine response, and mortality (Cheng et al. abstract: Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and around the world. By the declaration of WHO, COVID-19 outbreak considered as a public health problem of international concern. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on COVID-19 and the future expectations to control virus progression. Patients with liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity are more susceptible to the incidence of COVID-19 infection. So, there is a rapid need for disease diagnosis, vaccine development, and drug discovery to detect, prevent, and treat this sudden and lethal virus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as a rapid, accurate, and specific tool for disease diagnosis. Under this emergency situation that the world facing against COVID-19, there are about 15 potential vaccine candidates tested globally based on messenger RNA, DNA-based, nanoparticle, synthetic, and modified virus-like particle. Certain drugs that are clinically approved for other diseases were tested against COVID-19 as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, favipiravir, ribavirin, and remdesivir. Convalescent plasma transfusion and traditional herbal medicine were also taken into consideration. Due to the absence of effective treatment or vaccines against COVID-19 so far, the precautionary measures according to WHO’s strategic objectives are the only way to confront this crisis. Governments should adopt national medical care programs to reduce the risk of exposure to any future viral outbreaks especially to patients with pre-existing medical conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00341-9 doi: 10.1186/s42269-020-00341-9 id: cord-329770-tz8dwgzm author: Hamer, Mark title: Lifestyle Risk Factors, Inflammatory Mechanisms, and COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Community-Based Cohort Study of 387,109 Adults in UK date: 2020-05-23 words: 2408.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329770-tz8dwgzm.txt summary: We conducted the first large-scale general population study on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and excessive alcohol intake) for COVID-19 using prospective cohort data with national registry linkage to hospitalisation. After adjustment for age, sex and mutually for each lifestyle factor, physical inactivity (Relative risk, 1.32, 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 1.58), smoking (1.42;1.12, 1.79) and obesity (2.05 ;1.68, 2.49) but not heavy alcohol consumption (1.12; 0.93, 1.35) were all related to COVID-19. Accordingly, we examined the association of lifestyle risk factors with new cases of COVID-19-hospitalisations in a general population-based cohort study. 9 Our results suggested both overweight and obesity were risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection, consistent with emerging data in small clinical studies. Our data suggests low grade inflammation was a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and partially explained links between lifestyle behaviors and infection. Lifestyle risk factors, obesity and infectious disease mortality in the general population: Linkage study of 97,844 adults from England and Scotland abstract: We conducted the first large-scale general population study on lifestyle risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and excessive alcohol intake) for COVID-19 using prospective cohort data with national registry linkage to hospitalisation. Participants were 387,109 men and women (56.4 ±8.8 yr; 55.1% women) residing in England from UK Biobank study. Physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake, were assessed by questionnaire at baseline (2006-2010). Body mass index, from measured height and weight, was used as an indicator of overall obesity. Outcome was cases of COVID-19 serious enough to warrant a hospital admission from 16-March-2020 to 26-April-2020. There were 760 COVID-19 cases. After adjustment for age, sex and mutually for each lifestyle factor, physical inactivity (Relative risk, 1.32, 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 1.58), smoking (1.42;1.12, 1.79) and obesity (2.05 ;1.68, 2.49) but not heavy alcohol consumption (1.12; 0.93, 1.35) were all related to COVID-19. We also found a dose-dependent increase in risk of COVID-19 with less favourable lifestyle scores, such that participants in the most adverse category had 4-fold higher risk (4.41; 2.52 –7.71) compared to people with the most optimal lifestyle. C-reactive protein levels were associated with elevated risk of COVID-19 in a dose-dependent manner, and partly (10 – 16%) explained associations between adverse lifestyle and COVID-19. Based on UK risk factor prevalence estimates, unhealthy behaviours in combination accounted for up to 51% of the population attributable fraction of severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest that an unhealthy lifestyle synonymous with an elevated risk of non-communicable disease is also a risk factor for COVID-19 hospital admission, which might be partly explained by low grade inflammation. Adopting simple lifestyle changes could lower the risk of severe infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.059 id: cord-338416-vuu8x48x author: Hamer, Mark title: Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-01 words: 2355.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338416-vuu8x48x.txt summary: title: Overweight, obesity, and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: A community-based cohort study of adults in the United Kingdom We conducted a large-scale general population study using data from a community-dwelling sample in England (n = 334,329; 56.4 ±8.1 y; 54.5% women) with prospective linkage to national registry on hospitalization for COVID-19. We conducted a large-scale general population study using data from a community-dwelling sample in England (n = 334,329; 56.4 ±8.1 y; 54.5% women) with prospective linkage to national registry on hospitalization for COVID-19. Various cohort studies have shown overweight and obesity to be associated with both increased (1, 2) and decreased risk (3) of community-acquired pneumonia and other upper respiratory tract infections, and also to protect against mortality from pneumonia (4-6). Accordingly, we examined the aetiological relation of overweight and obesity with new cases of COVID-19 hospitalizations in a general population-based cohort study with available biomarker data. abstract: The role of obesity and overweight in occurrence of COVID-19 is unknown. We conducted a large-scale general population study using data from a community-dwelling sample in England (n = 334,329; 56.4 ±8.1 y; 54.5% women) with prospective linkage to national registry on hospitalization for COVID-19. Body mass index (BMI, from measured height and weight) was used as an indicator of overall obesity, and waist−hip ratio for central obesity. Main outcome was cases of COVID-19 serious enough to warrant a hospital admission from 16 March 2020 to 26 April 2020. Around 0.2% (n = 640) of the sample were hospitalized for COVID-19. There was an upward linear trend in the likelihood of COVID-19 hospitalization with increasing BMI, that was evident in the overweight (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.71; crude incidence 19.1 per 10,000) and obese stage I (1.70;1.34 to 2.16; 23.3 per 10,000) and stage II (3.38; 2.60 to 4.40; 42.7 per 10,000) compared to normal weight (12.5 per 10,000). This gradient was little affected after adjustment for a wide range of covariates; however, controlling for biomarkers, particularly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin, led to a greater degree of attenuation. A similar pattern of association emerged for waist−hip ratio. In summary, overall and central obesity are risk factors for COVID-19 hospital admission. Elevated risk was apparent even at modest weight gain. The mechanisms may involve impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011086117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2011086117 id: cord-269077-gz7jxidl author: Hamidi, Shima title: Compact development and adherence to stay-at-home order during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal investigation in the United States date: 2020-09-30 words: 7474.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269077-gz7jxidl.txt summary: This longitudinal study employs a natural experimental research design to investigative the impacts of compact development on reduction in travel to three types of destinations representing a range of essential and non-essential trips in 771 metropolitan counties in the U.S during the shelter-in-place order amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This longitudinal study addresses these gaps in the literature by employing the natural experimental research design to investigate the relationship between compact development and the degree of adherence to shelter-in-place order; measured in terms of reduction in travel to three major destinations in 771 U.S. metropolitan counties during the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome variables representing daily changes in people''s travel to three different destinations are based on the data from COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports (CMR); a publicly available resource published by Google to help public health officials better understand the mobility changes as the result of shelter-in-place and other social distancing policies (Aktay, Bavadekar, Cossoul, Davis, Desfontaines, Fabrikant, & Kamath, 2020) . abstract: In the absence of a vaccine and medical treatments, social distancing remains the only option available to governments in order to slow the spread of global pandemics such as COVID-19 and save millions of lives. Despite the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing measures, they are not being practiced uniformly across the U.S. Accordingly, the role of compact development on the level of adherence to social distancing measures has not been empirically studied. This longitudinal study employs a natural experimental research design to investigative the impacts of compact development on reduction in travel to three types of destinations representing a range of essential and non-essential trips in 771 metropolitan counties in the U.S during the shelter-in-place order amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed Multilevel Linear Modeling (MLM) for the three longitudinal analyses in this study to model determinants of reduction in daily trips to grocery stores, parks, and transit stations; using travel data from Google and accounting for the hierarchical (two-level) structure of the data. We found that the challenges of practicing social distancing in compact areas are not related to minimizing essential trips. Quite the opposite, residents of compact areas have significantly higher reduction in trips to essential destinations such as grocery stores/pharmacies, and transit stations. However, residents of compact counties have significantly lower reduction in their trips to parks possibly due to the smaller homes, lack of private yards, and the higher level of anxiety amid the pandemic. This study offers a number of practical implications and directions for future research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016920462030712X doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103952 id: cord-029609-zh2ah34g author: Hamilton, Barbara C.S. title: Developing Perioperative Covid-19 Testing Protocols to Restore Surgical Services date: 2020-06-19 words: 3160.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029609-zh2ah34g.txt summary: As we aimed to restore nonurgent but essential surgical care at UCSF to address the accumulating surgical needs of our community, we aimed to prioritize both patient and provider safety by developing an asymptomatic surgical patient testing guideline to identify subclinical Covid-19infected patients. Early in the pandemic, it was recognized by the departments of surgery and anesthesia that guidelines were needed to include universal preoperative testing as a part of the plan to resume essential surgical care at UCSF, and a team was formed. As Covid-19 pathways and patterns of care are being developed seemingly by the hour and day, our existing systems are vulnerable, because frontline providers are unfamiliar with new guidelines, leading to confusion and miscommunication." " Three phases were planned in a structured manner and in coordination with the intention of the Governor of California to ease restrictions on essential surgical procedures near the end of April following the peak of the virus in California. abstract: Leaders at UCSF offer insights from their experience in developing guidelines on SARS-CoV-2 testing to ensure patient and staff safety as they resume scheduling surgical procedures for non–Covid-19 conditions that had been put on hold as the coronavirus pandemic developed. In addition to addressing logistical matters, it is essential to involve key stakeholders in the process, and to ensure clear communication and guidance on when surgery is or is not appropriate and how to address differences of opinion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371310/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0265 id: cord-329453-ry1diso2 author: Hammer, Mark M. title: Radiologist Reporting and Operational Management for Patients with Suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 2503.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329453-ry1diso2.txt summary: Methods We developed a departmental guideline for radiologists that specified reporting terminology and required communication for patients with imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19, based on patient test status and imaging indication. Departmental guidelines for reporting and operational workflow for patients with known, clinically suspected, and imaging suspected COVID-19 were developed by a team including radiology leadership, thoracic radiologists, infection control, and hospital leadership ( Figure 1 ). In particular, for clinically unsuspected patients where imaging findings raise the possibility of COVID-19, the guidelines instruct the radiologist to call hospital infection control and alert departmental operations to ensure adequate cleaning and initiate contact tracing. Among these, 1,083 reports (1.4%) contained imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19 in the Impression section; 509 were known COVID-19 positive at the time of interpretation, 516 were suspected, and 58 were reports for unsuspected patients. We developed a departmental reporting and operations guideline for patients with imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Objective Evaluate adoption and outcomes of locally-designed reporting guidelines for patients with possible COVID-19. Methods We developed a departmental guideline for radiologists that specified reporting terminology and required communication for patients with imaging findings suggestive of COVID-19, based on patient test status and imaging indication. In this retrospective study, radiology reports completed 3/1/2020-5/3/2020 that mentioned COVID-19 were reviewed. Reports were divided into patients with known COVID-19, patients with “suspected” COVID-19 (having an order indication of respiratory or infectious signs or symptoms), and “unsuspected patients” (other order indications, e.g., trauma or non-chest pain). Primary outcome was percentage of COVID-19 reports using recommended terminology; secondary outcome was percentages of suspected and unsuspected patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Relationships between categorical variables were assessed with Fisher’s exact test. Results Among 77,400 total reports, 1,083 suggested COVID-19 based on imaging findings; 774 (71%) of COVID-19 reports used recommended terminology. Of 574 patients without known COVID-19 at time of interpretation, 345 (60%) were eventually diagnosed with COVID-19, including 61% (315/516) of suspected and 52% (30/58) of unsuspected patients. Nearly all (46/58) unsuspected patients were identified at CT. Discussion Radiologists rapidly adopted recommended reporting terminology for patients with suspected COVID-19. The majority of patients for whom radiologists raised concern for COVID-19 were subsequently diagnosed with the disease, including the majority of clinically unsuspected patients. Using unambiguous terminology and timely notification about previously unsuspected patients will become increasingly critical to facilitate COVID-19 testing and contact tracing as states begin to lift restrictions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32590015/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.006 id: cord-348773-ulnc9gdv author: Hammoud, H. title: Post mortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-14 words: 5075.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348773-ulnc9gdv.txt summary: Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Medrxiv & Biorxiv) was carried out from December 2019 to August, 15th 2020, for journal articles of different study designs reporting postmortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases. Articles were included if they met the following eligibility criteria: (1) addressed pathological reports of COVID-19 autopsies or postmortem cases, (2) involved human subjects (at least one case), (3) all study designs were involved (case report, case series, cross-sectional, case-control, randomized and non-randomized studies), (4) no language restrictions were applied. (13, 19, 20, 22-32, 34, 38-41, 44-65, 67) Regarding the included organs, this review described the histopathology of different organs as follows; Lung and pulmonary system was the most common described organ in 42 articles, ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Regarding the postmortem pulmonary pathology, our review showed that different histopathological findings had been identified among COVID-19 cases. abstract: Abstract Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is considered one of the most serious public health crisis over the last few decades. Although the disease can result in diverse, multiorgan pathology, there have been very few studies addressing the postmortem pathological findings of the cases. Active autopsy amid this pandemic could be an essential tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research. Objective: To provide a total picture of the SARS-CoV-2 histopathological features of different body organs in postmortem autopsies through a systematic search of the published literature. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Medrxiv & Biorxiv) was carried out from December 2019 to August, 15th 2020, for journal articles of different study designs reporting postmortem pathological findings in COVID-19 cases. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting the review. Results: A total of 50 articles reporting 430 cases were included in our analysis. Postmortem pathological findings were reported for different body organs, pulmonary system (42 articles), cardiovascular system ( 23 articles), hepatobiliary system (22 articles), kidney (16 articles), spleen, and lymph nodes (12 articles), and central nervous system (7 articles). In lung samples, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was the most commonly reported findings in 239 cases (84.4%). Myocardial hypertrophy (87 cases by 51.2%), arteriosclerosis (121 cases by 62%), and steatosis ( 118 cases by 59.3%) were the most commonly reported pathological findings in the heart, kidney, and hepatobiliary system respectively. Conclusion: Autopsy examination as an investigation tool could help in a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and subsequently improving patient care. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Histopathology, Autopsy, forensic pathology, COVID-19 url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.11.20210849v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.11.20210849 id: cord-327544-7ws2kleo author: Hammoumi, Aayah title: Impact assessment of containment measure against COVID-19 spread in Morocco date: 2020-08-22 words: 3924.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327544-7ws2kleo.txt summary: Since the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Morocco on March, 02,2020, the cumulative number of reported infectious cases continues to increase and, up to date, the peak-time of infection is not reached yet. In this study, we propose a Susceptible-Asymptomatic-Infectious deterministic model to evaluate the impact of compulsory containment imposed in Morocco on March, 21 on the spread of COVID-19 epidemic across the country. Since the containment measure started 19 days since the first reported case then the model equations without containment is defined for 0 ≤ t < t 0 := 19 as follows Here, we assume that confined asymptomatic and confined unreported individuals can still spread the virus to their families. We used reported infectious case data, from March 2nd to April 9th, 2020, provided by the Health Ministry of Morocco to parameterize the model. abstract: Since the appearance of the first case of COVID-19 in Morocco on March, 02,2020, the cumulative number of reported infectious cases continues to increase and, up to date, the peak-time of infection is not reached yet. In this study, we propose a Susceptible-Asymptomatic-Infectious deterministic model to evaluate the impact of compulsory containment imposed in Morocco on March, 21 on the spread of COVID-19 epidemic across the country. The model takes account of the unconfined individuals that continue to work or to leave their home for urgent needs and the existence of infectious asymptomatic and unreported individuals within susceptible population. Furthermore, the model is able to predict the peak-size, peak-time, final size and epidemic duration according to different rates of containment. Advanced knowledge of these details will be of great interest to establish an optimal plan-of-action to control or eradicate the epidemic. Indeed, mitigating and delaying the epidemic peak allow the official health authorities to anticipate and control the spread of COVID-19. Moreover, prediction of the epidemic duration can help the government to predict the end time of containment to avoid consequent social-economic damages as well. Using our model, the basic reproduction number R(0) is estimated to be 2.9949, with [Formula: see text] reflecting a high speed of spread of the epidemic. The model shows that the compulsory containment can be efficient if more than 73% of population are confined. In the absence of other efficient measure of control, even with 90% of containment, the end-time is estimated to happen on July, 4,2020 with 7558 final cumulative cases. Furthermore, a threshold value of containment rate, below which the epidemic duration is postponed, has been determined. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed and showed that the COVID-19 dynamics strongly depends on the asymptomatic duration as well as the contact and containment rates. Our previsions can help the government to adjust its plan-of-action to fight the disease and to face the social-economic shock induced by the containment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32863612/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110231 id: cord-298778-wnbqqzot author: Hamza, Marwa S. title: Cross-Sectional Study on Awareness and Knowledge of COVID-19 Among Senior pharmacy Students date: 2020-06-15 words: 4224.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298778-wnbqqzot.txt summary: Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students'' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. The assessment of students practices was performed through 4 questions (P1-P4, Fig. 2 ), that investigated their actions towards going to a crowded place, wearing masks when going out in recent days, maintaining social distance between others and if they agree that patients should disclose their exposure to COVID-19. Here, we present the results of a questionnaire study about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Egyptian senior pharmacy students towards the COVD-19 disease. Regarding the senior students'' attitude towards COVID-19, in the present study 72% of them agreed that COVID-19 will be successfully controlled and 87% were confident that health care teams and scientists can win the fight against the coronavirus. abstract: Extraordinary actions have been implemented in an effort to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt. People’s adherence to control measures is influenced by their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the disease. Therefore, in the present study we assessed pharmacy senior students’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was created and it consisted of 12 questions testing their knowledge about COVID-19 clinical characteristics, transmission routes and prevention and control steps. Among senior pharmacy students (n = 238), 70% were females and 63% were living in greater Cairo. Their main source of information included social media (70%), published articles (48%) and television (48%). The overall correct knowledge score was 83%. Most of the students displayed a good COVID-19 knowledge level (72.5% of the students). The students were least informed when trying to answer questions about hyper-coagulation, as a major cause for death in patients with severe COVID-19, and about the timings on the necessity to wear masks. Assessment of students’ attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 reflected that 87% of them were confident that health care teams and scientists could win the fight against the virus. In addition, 72% of students agreed that COVID-19 will be controlled successfully. The greater the students’ knowledge, the more confident they felt that COVID-19 will be controlled successfully (OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.72). Good behavioral practice towards COVID-19 control was confirmed when 87% of students answered that they didn’t go out to any crowded place. Females were 3.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–3.11) more likely to avoid going out than males. Bad behavioral practice became evident when approximately 50% of students admitted that they did not wear masks when they left their house. Therefore, more efforts should be taken to protect future pharmacists from this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542552/ doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00859-z id: cord-304780-lbq70q11 author: Han, Changwoo title: Decrease in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter during COVID-19 Crisis and Corresponding Health Benefits in Seoul, Korea date: 2020-07-22 words: 5548.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304780-lbq70q11.txt summary: The aim of this study was to use currently available data to estimate the acute health benefits of PM 2.5 reduction and changes in public behavior, which were changes experienced by Korean citizens in their daily lives during the COVID-19 crisis. With the conservative estimation of a 4.1 µg/m 3 decrease in PM 2.5 and RRs from the MCC study, we found that 37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) non-accidental; 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) cardiovascular; and 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.1) respiratory mortalities were avoided because of the reduction in PM 2.5 from January to April in 2020 compared to those of the previous 4 years. Because using a particulate-filtrating respirator may decrease the absolute level of PM 2.5 exposure for an individual, the health benefit related to air pollution during the COVID-19 crisis may be larger than our current estimation of 37 persons. abstract: Both domestic emissions and transported pollutants from neighboring countries affect the ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) concentration of Seoul, Korea. Diverse measures to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), such as social distancing and increased telecommuting in Korea and the stringent lockdown measures of China, may reduce domestic emissions and levels of transported pollutants, respectively. In addition, wearing a particulate-filtering respirator may have decreased the absolute PM(2.5) exposure level for individuals. Therefore, this study estimated the acute health benefits of PM(2.5) reduction and changes in public behavior during the COVID-19 crisis in Seoul, Korea. To calculate the mortality burden attributable to PM(2.5), we obtained residents’ registration data, mortality data, and air pollution monitoring data for Seoul from publicly available databases. Relative risks were derived from previous time-series studies. We used the attributable fraction to estimate the number of excessive deaths attributable to acute PM(2.5) exposure during January to April, yearly, from 2016 to 2020, and the number of mortalities avoided from PM(2.5) reduction and respirator use observed in 2020. The average PM(2.5) concentration from January to April in 2020 (25.6 μg/m(3)) was the lowest in the last 5 years. At least −4.1 μg/m(3) (95% CI: −7.2, −0.9) change in ambient PM(2.5) in Seoul was observed in 2020 compared to the previous 4 years. Overall, 37.6 (95% CI: 32.6, 42.5) non-accidental; 7.0 (95% CI: 5.7, 8.4) cardiovascular; and 4.7 (95% CI: 3.4, 6.1) respiratory mortalities were avoided due to PM(2.5) reduction in 2020. By considering the effects of particulate respirator, decreases of 102.5 (95% CI: 89.0, 115.9) non-accidental; 19.1 (95% CI: 15.6, 22.9) cardiovascular; and 12.9 (95% CI: 9.2, 16.5) respiratory mortalities were estimated. We estimated that 37 lives were saved due to the PM(2.5) reduction related to COVID-19 in Seoul, Korea. The health benefit may be greater due to the popular use of particulate-filtering respirators during the COVID-19 crisis. Future studies with daily mortality data are needed to verify our study estimates. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155279 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155279 id: cord-294136-e69ao8j0 author: Han, Dongsheng title: COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission date: 2020-08-27 words: 5215.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294136-e69ao8j0.txt summary: successfully isolated SARS-CoV-2 from throat swabs of two asymptomatic patients in a cell culture of Caco-2 cells, suggesting the potential for presymptomatic transmission [16] ; (5) Increasing studies show clear epidemiological evidence of human-to-human asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 (described in the following section); (6) Asymptomatic infection tends to be, but is not only, identified among young people (<20 years old) [14, 15, [17] [18] [19] ; And (7) the majority (>90%) of asymptomatic patients appears to have a milder clinical course during hospitalization [15] , but the severity of the symptoms of the secondary patients infected by SARS-COV-2 from asymptomatic patients varies based on their physical constitution [2, 20] . As the transmission of SARS-COV-2 may occur in the early course of infection and a high viral load in respiratory samples could be detected [13] , RT-PCR testing for this virus is more suitable for screening at earlier stages of infection in key populations, such as patients with obvious symptoms and close contacts of asymptomatic patients [35] . abstract: The existence of a substantial but unclear number of asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 patients worldwide has raised concerns among global public health authorities. In this review, according to the published literature, we provided the evidence that asymptomatic infections can result in person-to-person transmission. Four studies suggested that the virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic patients for at least two consecutive generations, indicating its strong infectivity. Asymptomatic infection tends to be, but is not only, identified among young people (<20 years old). The majority of asymptomatic patients appear to have a milder clinical course during hospitalization, but the severity of the symptoms of the secondary patients infected by SARS-COV-2 from asymptomatic patients varies with their physical constitution. The proportion of asymptomatic individuals among all confirmed cases widely differed (from 1.95% to 87.9%) according to the study setting and the populations studied. The increasing large-scale tests are expected to give more information about the true number of asymptomatic infections in the population. In China and other countries, various guidelines for management of asymptomatic cases have been issued. Importantly, early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment of asymptomatic patients require the joint efforts of policy makers, clinicians, technicians, epidemiologists, virologists and patients. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.48991 doi: 10.7150/ijbs.48991 id: cord-306551-qf7h9m78 author: Han, Heesup title: The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism date: 2020-09-06 words: 6921.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306551-qf7h9m78.txt summary: In sum, the theoretical premise of this research in the international tourism sector is that the travelers who have strong knowledge of COVID-19 are likely to form a positive attitude toward safer destination choice behaviors and to perceive the social norm to practice the action, which leads to the increased intention to engage in the behavior in conjunction with the perceived behavioral control. In-line with the evidence from these studies, tourists'' perceived knowledge of COVID-19 can be the essential driver of their subjective norms and attitudes to generate an approachable decision for safer international tourism destination. In conclusion, we built a robust theoretical framework for US tourists'' post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international tourism destinations, which linked the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 to the focal constructs of the TPB and encompassed the moderating influence of the psychological risk through the empirical approach. abstract: The tourism industry has been seriously suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis ever since its outbreak. Given this pandemic situation, the major aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that clearly explains the US international tourists’ post-pandemic travel behaviors by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). By utilizing a quantitative process, the TPB was successfully broadened by incorporating the travelers’ perceived knowledge of COVID-19, and it has been deepened by integrating the psychological risk. Our theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the US tourists’ post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international destinations. In addition, the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 contributed to boosting the prediction power for the intentions. The associations among the subjective norm, the attitude, and the intentions are under the significant influence of the tourists’ psychological risks regarding international traveling. The comparative criticality of the subjective norm is found. Overall, the findings of this study considerably enhanced our understanding of US overseas tourists’ post-pandemic travel decision-making processes and behaviors. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186485 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186485 id: cord-351625-1we9wi1g author: Han, Huan title: Descriptive, Retrospective Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-07 words: 4062.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351625-1we9wi1g.txt summary: Since asymptomatic patients may be a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, public health interventions and a broader range of testing may be necessary for the control of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential problem for pandemic control through public health strategies. Since asymptomatic patients have no clinical symptoms which can easily prevent timely diagnosis and treatment, they may cause a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, which poses a major challenge to infection control. Thus far, many studies have analyzed the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presenting levels of illness ranging from mild to severely critical (10, 11) . In this study, we enrolled 25 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and performed systematic analysis of different clinical characteristics. In this study, we systematically compared different complete blood counts, serum biochemistries, and immunologic responses from SARS-CoV-2-infected asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. abstract: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has rapidly spread around the world. Persons with asymptomatic disease exhibit viral shedding, resulting in transmission, which presents disease control challenges. However, the clinical characteristics of these asymptomatic individuals remain elusive. We collected samples of 25 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Viral titers of throat swabs were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). COVID-19 IgG and IgM were examined. Complete blood counts were determined, and serum biochemistry panels were performed. Cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were evaluated. T cell, B cell, and NK cell counts were measured using flow cytometry. Although similar viral loads were detected, asymptomatic patients had significantly faster virus turnover than symptomatic patients. Additionally, asymptomatic patients had higher counts of lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, and NK cells. While liver damage was observed in symptomatic patients, as indicated by elevated liver enzymes and decreased liver-synthesized proteins in the blood, asymptomatic patients showed normal liver measurements. Lactate dehydrogenase, a COVID-19 risk factor, was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients. These results suggest that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients had normal clinical indicators and faster viral clearance than symptomatic patients. Lymphocytes may play a role in their asymptomatic phenotype. Since asymptomatic patients may be a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, public health interventions and a broader range of testing may be necessary for the control of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential problem for pandemic control through public health strategies. Our results demonstrate that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients have better outcomes than symptomatic patients. This may have been due to more active cellular immune responses and normal liver function. Since asymptomatic patients have no clinical symptoms which can easily prevent timely diagnosis and treatment, they may cause a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, which poses a major challenge to infection control. Evidence suggests that nonpharmaceutical public health interventions, like social distancing and face mask ordinances, play important roles in the control of COVID-19. Looking forward, it may be necessary to proceed cautiously while reopening businesses in areas of epidemicity to prevent potential waves of COVID-19 in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33028689/ doi: 10.1128/msphere.00922-20 id: cord-310348-8iix257c author: Han, Jason J. title: Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees’ Perspective date: 2020-06-05 words: 486.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310348-8iix257c.txt summary: Ethical guidelines such as the one put forth in The Annals and tiered triage guidance statements for adult cardiac surgery [3] , congenital heart surgery [4] and thoracic malignancies [5] provide peace of mind and moral protection to trainees to allow them to focus on performing their clinical duties without becoming overwhelmed with many of the unknowns and unanswerables. We applaud cardiothoracic surgery leadership for their development of resource utilization predictions tools based on data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database to assist healthcare providers in making informed resource allocation 2 decisions and triaging cardiothoracic surgical cases. As we navigate the uncharted territory together, ethical guidelines, while they can never be absolute, provide some degree of transparency, strength in shared decision-making, and cognitive clarity to alleviate the potential moral distress faced by trainees and others in this defining public health crisis of our time. Adult cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tiered Patient Triage Guidance Statement abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511991/ doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.080 id: cord-263647-svvvwiqs author: Han, Jimin title: Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-03-30 words: 1439.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263647-svvvwiqs.txt summary: Since the first confirmed case (a Chinese visitor from Wuhan) in the Republic of Korea was reported on January 21, 2020, 1 our endoscopy unit has been operated under the strict attention on safety in order to protect healthcare personnel as well as patients. Ever since the first case of COVID-19 in Daegu was reported on February 18, our hospital had implemented a rigorous rule of wearing facial masks (surgical mask or N95) and frequent handwashing for all healthcare personnel in the endoscopy unit. Prior to endoscopic procedures, every patient was screened and risk stratified for COVID-19 by history taking for potential exposure to infection, symptoms such as fever and coughing, and measurement of body temperature. During the two weeks of self-isolation of the endoscopy unit nurses, 20 procedures of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed. To eliminate the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the endoscopy unit, rigorous safety measures for both healthcare personnel and patients are prerequisite. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32252508/ doi: 10.5946/ce.2020.076 id: cord-288102-iom6lu7o author: Han, Jing title: Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and viral shedding duration date: 2020-06-25 words: 4291.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288102-iom6lu7o.txt summary: The clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analysed to determine the factors influencing the prognosis and virus shedding time to facilitate early detection of disease progression. The clinical characteristics of 185 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed in Tianjin were analysed retrospectively to determine the factors affecting their prognoses and the duration of viral shedding with the aim of facilitating early treatment and improving patient prognosis. We found that a lower PaO 2 /FiO 2 at the time of admission is a risk factor for a poor prognosis in patients with severe COVID-19. In our study, univariate analysis results showed that age was a risk factor for prolonged viral shedding duration, but no significant difference was found in the multivariate Cox analysis. This study showed that diabetes mellitus, age, the time from symptom onset to treatment and PaO 2 /FiO 2 can predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. abstract: The clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were analysed to determine the factors influencing the prognosis and virus shedding time to facilitate early detection of disease progression. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationships among prognosis, clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes. The predictive value of this model was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration and internal validation. The viral shedding duration was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the prognostic factors were analysed by univariate log-rank analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model. A retrospective study was carried out with patients with COVID-19 in Tianjin, China. A total of 185 patients were included, 27 (14.59%) of whom were severely ill at the time of discharge and three (1.6%) of whom died. Our findings demonstrate that patients with an advanced age, diabetes, a low PaO(2)/FiO(2) value and delayed treatment should be carefully monitored for disease progression to reduce the incidence of severe disease. Hypoproteinaemia and the fever duration warrant special attention. Timely interventions in symptomatic patients and a time from symptom onset to treatment <4 days can shorten the duration of viral shedding. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001399 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001399 id: cord-301115-sedfbjlw author: Han, Mingfeng title: Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity date: 2020-08-28 words: 4577.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301115-sedfbjlw.txt summary: title: Assessing SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and lymphocyte/T cell counts in COVID-19 patients revealed initial immune status as a major determinant of disease severity The results of our analysis demonstrated that the initial SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads varied in patients, but were comparable in different patient groups stratified by age, gender, comorbidities and disease severity. We compared the measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in sputum specimens from COVID-19 patients at admission among groups divided according to age, sex, underlying diseases and disease severity (Fig. 2a) . a, b The measured SARS-CoV-2 RNAs levels in sputum (a) and throat swab (b) specimens from COVID-19 patients at admission were compared according to the age, sex, comorbidity, and the disease severity. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features including SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and immunological characteristics of peripheral blood in a patient cohort with COVID-19 from Anhui Province, China. abstract: The magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamic changes of immune parameters in patients with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. The clinical and laboratory results from 154 confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in patients were estimated using the Ct values of specific RT-PCR tests. The lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry and specific immunoassays. 154 confirmed COVID-19 patients were clinically examined up to 4 weeks after admission. The initial SARS-CoV-2 RNA Ct values at admission varied, but were comparable in the patient groups classified according to the age, gender, underlying diseases, and disease severity. Three days after admission, significant higher Ct values were found in severe cases. Significantly reduced counts of T cells and T cell subsets were found in patients with old age and underlying diseases at admission and were characteristic for the development of severe COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 developed preferentially in patients with underlying compromised immunity and was not associated with initial virus levels. Higher SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in severe cases were apparently a result of impaired immune control associated with dysregulation of inflammation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00430-020-00693-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860073/ doi: 10.1007/s00430-020-00693-z id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 5521.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt summary: The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability to effectively prepare for and respond to the psychological fallout from large-scale disasters is a core competency of military mental health providers, as well as civilian emergency response teams. Disaster planning should be situation specific and data driven; vague, broad-spectrum planning can contribute to unprepared mental health teams and underserved patient populations. Herein, we review data on mental health sequelae from the twenty-first century pandemics, including SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), and offer explanations for observed trends, insights regarding anticipated needs, and recommendations for preliminary planning on how to best allocate limited mental health resources. RECENT FINDINGS: Anxiety and distress, often attributed to isolation, were the most prominent mental health complaints during previous pandemics and with COVID-19. Additionally, post-traumatic stress was surprisingly common and possibly more enduring than depression, insomnia, and alcohol misuse. Predictions regarding COVID-19’s economic impact suggest that depression and suicide rates may increase over time. SUMMARY: Available data suggest that the mental health sequelae of COVID-19 will mirror those of previous pandemics. Clinicians and mental health leaders should focus planning efforts on the negative effects of isolation, particularly anxiety and distress, as well as post-traumatic stress symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33030637/ doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6 id: cord-310390-7pkbd3kg author: Han, Xiaoyu title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery date: 2020-03-30 words: 3174.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310390-7pkbd3kg.txt summary: title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery BACKGROUND: To retrospectively analyze the evolution of clinical features and thin-section CT imaging of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 17 discharged patients. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the serial thin-section CT changes of 17 discharged patients with COVID-19, and to compare the progression trend of imaging pattern and clinical parameters. The standard for survive and discharge of patients was according to the guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-COV-2 (trial sixth version) published by the China Ministry of Health [22] , which include: temperature returning to normal for more than 3 days, both the clinical and chest imaging showing significant improvement, and two consecutive respiratory pathogen nucleic acid tests turning negative (the interval at least 24 hours). abstract: BACKGROUND: To retrospectively analyze the evolution of clinical features and thin-section CT imaging of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 17 discharged patients. METHODS: Serial thin-section CT scans of 17 discharged patients with COVID-19 were obtained during recovery. Longitudinal changes of clinical parameters and CT pattern were documented in all patients during 4 weeks since admission. CT score was used to evaluate the extent of the disease. RESULTS: There was a marked improvement of fever, lymphocytes count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate within the first two weeks since admission. However, the mean CT score rapidly increased from the 1(st) to 3(rd) week, with a top score of 8.2 obtained in the 2(nd) week. During the 1(st) week, the main CT pattern was ground-glass opacities (GGO,76.5%). The frequency of GGO (52.9%) decreased in the 2(nd) week. Consolidation and mixed patterns (47.0%) were noted in the 2(nd) week. Thereafter, consolidations generally dissipated into GGO and the frequency of GGO increased in the 3(rd) week (76.5%) and 4(th) week (71.4%). Opacities were mainly located in the peripheral (76.5%), subpleural (47.1%) zones of the lungs, and presented as focal (35.3%) or multifocal (29.4%) in the 1(st) week and became more diffuse in the 2(nd) (47.1%) and 3(rd )week (58.8%), then showed reduced extent in 4(th )week (50%). CONCLUSIONS: The progression course of CT pattern was later than the clinical parameters within the first two weeks since admission; however, there was a synchronized improvement in both clinical and radiologic features in the 4(th) week. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa271 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa271 id: cord-295142-5sqkdpi8 author: Han, Y. title: The active lung microbiota landscape of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-23 words: 3028.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295142-5sqkdpi8.txt summary: The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), containing microenvironment information on bronchioles and lung alveoli from the lower respiratory tract, is one of key sample types for characterizing the host inflammatory response and microbiota of COVID-19 patients as lung is one of main organs for the infection of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 8) . In this study, we systematically profiled the transcriptionally active microbiota landscape in BALF from COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals, identified microorganism composition in healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients, found disease-specific active microbes in the COVID-19 patient group, revealed the interaction between several bacteria or viruses and SARS-CoV-2. The diversity analysis revealed that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 probably caused a different lung microbiota composition in the COVID-19 patient group compared with the healthy group. Our study provides insight into the active microbiota in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and will contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of the disease and complications. abstract: With the outbreak of COVID-19 causing by SARS-CoV-2, the interaction between the host and SARS-CoV-2 was widely studied. However, it is unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects lung microflora, which contributes to COVID-19 complications. Here, we analyzed the metatranscriptomic data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 19 COVID-19 patients and 23 healthy controls from 6 independent projects and detailed the active microbiota landscape in both healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 could deeply change the lung microbiota, evidenced by the -diversity, {beta}-diversity and species composition analysis based on bacterial microbiota and virome. Pathogens (such as Klebsiella oxytoca causing pneumonia as well), immunomodulatory probiotics (such as Lactic Acid Bacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate producer) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were enriched in the COVID-19 group, suggesting a severe microbiota dysbiosis. The significant correlation between Rothia mucilaginosa, TMV and SARS-CoV-2 revealed drastic inflammatory battles between the host, SARS-CoV-2 and other microbes in the lungs. Notably, TMV only existed in the COVID-19 group, while Human respirovirus 3 only existed in the healthy group. Our study provides insight into the active microbiota in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and will contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of the disease and complications. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.20.20144014v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20144014 id: cord-274666-0d8oz51l author: Han, Yi title: Lactate dehydrogenase, an independent risk factor of severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective and observational study date: 2020-06-24 words: 3807.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274666-0d8oz51l.txt summary: Conclusions: This study showed that LDH could be identified as a powerful predictive factor for early recognition of lung injury and severe COVID-19 cases. To assess the risk factors of the demographics, characteristics, and laboratory indicators on the severity of COVID-19 patients, logistic regression analysis was performed on the parameters of significant difference using t test. Apart from the risk factors above, patient age, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, serum AST, ALT, LDH, Urea, CRP, and D-dimer level were all associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients. As a result, serum lymphocytes (OR:0.2, 95% CI:0.04-0.96, P < 0.05), CRP (OR:1.026, 95% CI:1.006-1.046, P < 0.05), and LDH (OR:1.009, 95% CI:1.002-1.016, P < 0.05) were found to be independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 patients ( Table 3) . And importantly, lymphocytes, especially CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients, which was relevant with serum LDH, were also dynamically correlated with the severity of the disease. abstract: Background: The World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency of global concern. Updated analysis of cases might help identify the risk factors of illness severity. Results: The median age was 63 years, and 44.9% were severe cases. Severe patients had higher APACHE II (8.5 vs. 4.0) and SOFA (2 vs. 1) scores on admission. Among all univariable parameters, lymphocytes, CRP, and LDH were significantly independent risk factors of COVID-19 severity. LDH was positively related both with APACHE II and SOFA scores, as well as P/F ratio and CT scores. LDH (AUC = 0.878) also had a maximum specificity (96.9%), with the cutoff value of 344.5. In addition, LDH was positively correlated with CRP, AST, BNP and cTnI, while negatively correlated with lymphocytes and its subsets. Conclusions: This study showed that LDH could be identified as a powerful predictive factor for early recognition of lung injury and severe COVID-19 cases. Methods: We extracted data regarding 107 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. The degree of severity of COVID-19 patients (severe vs. non-severe) was defined at the time of admission according to American Thoracic Society guidelines for community acquired pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103372 doi: 10.18632/aging.103372 id: cord-256260-9jatvium author: Han, Yuanyuan title: COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster date: 2020-04-08 words: 2293.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256260-9jatvium.txt summary: Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. In December 2019, a novel pneumonia resulting from SARS-CoV2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan [1, 2] . However, a tremendous number of patients who were still in their incubation period traveled across China before the lockdown date due to Chinese New Year, resulting in the widespread transmission of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV2 nuclei acid test from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative, but her IgM and IgG antibodies were positive. By further examining their epidemiological data, we find that the incubation period of COVID-19 and the shedding duration of SARS-CoV2 might be extremely long in this case. abstract: Clusters of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been successively reported globally. Studies show clear person-to-person transmission. The average incubation period is 2–14 days, and mostly 3–7 days. However, in some patients, this period may be longer. Here, we report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14-day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 by tested positive of antibody on day 40 after she left Wuhan. Almost at the same time, her father and sister were diagnosed with COVID-19. The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276139/ doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108413 id: cord-304016-4o2bpedp author: Hanage, William P. title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date: 2020-11-02 words: 5701.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt summary: In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. Finally, despite the initial federal failure to report COVID-19 data by race/ethnicity [6] , a combination of specific studies, state reporting, investigative journalism, and data trackers has revealed that a persistent feature of the pandemic has been the existence of racial/ethnic inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and mortality, especially with regard to increased risk among US Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations compared to the US white non-Hispanic population [3-5, 7, 8, 69, 70] . abstract: The United States (US) has been among those nations most severely affected by the first—and subsequent—phases of the pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths. Despite formidable advantages in resources and expertise, presently the per capita mortality rate is over 585/million, respectively 2.4 and 5 times higher compared to Canada and Germany. As we enter Fall 2020, the US is enduring ongoing outbreaks across large regions of the country. Moreover, within the US, an early and persistent feature of the pandemic has been the disproportionate impact on populations already made vulnerable by racism and dangerous jobs, inadequate wages, and unaffordable housing, and this is true for both the headline public health threat and the additional disastrous economic impacts. In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33136249/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00689-2 id: cord-311620-zs2mpeke author: Handa, Rahul title: Covid-19-associated acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalomyelitis date: 2020-09-02 words: 1481.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311620-zs2mpeke.txt summary: In view of altered sensorium, a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was advised which revealed symmetrical FLAIR hyperintensities involving bilateral subcortical fronto-parietal lobes, splenium of corpus callosum, medulla and visualised cervical cord with petechial haemorrhages and evidence of diffusion restriction involving splenium of corpus callosum (Figs. Our patient had an almost sudden onset and a very rapidly progressive downhill course associated with MRI showing bilateral symmetric confluent FLAIR hyperintensities in subcortical white matter involving the posterior fronto-parietal lobes and splenium of corpus callosum suggestive of demyelination and inflammation, with sparing of basal ganglia and cortex with punctate haemorrhages noted in the splenium. Thus, clinico-radiological manifestation of our patient was suggestive of AHL, and although it has a poor prognosis, our patient had a good neurological response to steroids, but unfortunately, severe respiratory dysfunction due to Covid-19 led to his mortality. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04703-z doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04703-z id: cord-343490-94vkfrtw author: Handaya, Adeodatus Yuda title: Covid-19 mimicking symptoms in emergency gastrointestinal surgery cases during pandemic: a case series date: 2020-10-24 words: 1396.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343490-94vkfrtw.txt summary: All patients need to be examined for COVID-19, including in digestive surgery emergency cases. In this paper, we report four digestive surgery emergency cases with clinical and radiological findings similar to COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: We report four digestive surgery emergency cases admitted with fever and cough symptoms. DISCUSSION: For all four cases, the surgeries were done with strict COVID-19 protocol which included patient screening, examination, laboratory assessment, rapid test screening, and RT-PCR testing. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the ways patients are admitted and treated, including in emergency digestive surgery cases. In this paper, we aimed to report four digestive surgery emergency cases admitted with fever and cough symptoms, mimicking COVID-19. We report four cases of emergency digestive surgery cases with COVID-19 symptoms of cough and fever. Emergency surgery in digestive surgery cases with COVID-19 signs and symptoms can be done with strict examination, assessment, and protocol. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed patient management in all sectors. All patients need to be examined for COVID-19, including in digestive surgery emergency cases. In this paper, we report four digestive surgery emergency cases with clinical and radiological findings similar to COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: We report four digestive surgery emergency cases admitted with fever and cough symptoms. Case 1 is a 75-year-old male with gastric perforation and pneumonia, case 2 is a 32-year-old female with intestinal and pulmonal tuberculosis, case 3 is a 30-year-old female with acute pancreatitis with pleuritis and pleural effusion, and the last case is a 56-year-old female with rectosigmoid cancer with pulmonal metastases. All the patients underwent emergency laparotomy, were hospitalized for therapy, and discharged from the hospital. After 1-month follow-up after surgery, 1 patient had no complaints, 2 patients had surgical site infection, and 1 patient died because of ARDS due to lung metastases. DISCUSSION: For all four cases, the surgeries were done with strict COVID-19 protocol which included patient screening, examination, laboratory assessment, rapid test screening, and RT-PCR testing. There were no intrahospital mortalities and all the patients were discharged from the hospital. Three patients were followed-up and recovered well with 2 patients having surgical site infection which recovered within a week. However, 1 patient did not show up for the scheduled follow-up and was reported dead 2 weeks after surgery because of ARDS due to lung metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency surgery, especially digestive surgery cases, can be done in the COVID-19 pandemic era with strict prior screening and examination, and safety protocol. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.064 doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.064 id: cord-284494-4klrtjpb author: Handoko title: Ensuring Safety and Sustainability of Radiotherapy Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resources Constrain Country: An Indonesian Experience date: 2020-06-06 words: 1671.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284494-4klrtjpb.txt summary: This article describes the Indonesian experience in ensuring sustainability of radiotherapy services during the pandemic, highlighting various important adjustments which were made to allow radiotherapy centers nationwide to continue operating while protecting staff and patients from the risk of disease transmission. We will also elaborate on various handy strategies which can be adopted by many other radiotherapy centers to handle the expected surging number of patients during and after this COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a rapid survey was carried out on the following week to assess the impact of various restriction implemented by government and each hospital during COVID-19 pandemic toward the practice and services of all the participating radiotherapy centers in Indonesia. In Indonesia, all centres with the exception of seven centers with equipment breakdown or limited operation in the previous year, reported reduction of number of treatment, for both EBRT and brachytherapy during COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The global COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on the healthcare sector, overwhelming health services in affected countries worldwide. As healthcare facilities reorganize their services to adapt to this challenging problem, it is important that the sustainability of essential oncology services, including radiotherapy, is maintained. This article describes the Indonesian experience in ensuring sustainability of radiotherapy services during the pandemic, highlighting various important adjustments which were made to allow radiotherapy centers nationwide to continue operating while protecting staff and patients from the risk of disease transmission. As the backlog of patients waiting to start treatment will inevitably grow, some insight on how to proactively manage this issue will also be described. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.044 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.044 id: cord-318324-cc6rn95z author: Handu, Deepa title: Malnutrition Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Evidence Analysis Center date: 2020-05-14 words: 2877.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318324-cc6rn95z.txt summary: Hence, nutrition care to identify and address malnutrition is critical in treating and preventing further adverse health outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This document provides guidance and practice considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) providing nutrition care for adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection in the hospital, outpatient, or homecare settings. Nutrition screening aims 53 to identify patients who are at risk for malnutrition and provide a referral for RDN to deliver 54 detailed nutrition care based on the nutrition care process, 8 including assessment, diagnosis and 55 intervention by an RDN, in order to treat and prevent further malnutrition and consequent 56 adverse health outcomes. Examples of potential nutrition diagnoses applicable to adults infected with COVID-19 may 100 include malnutrition, increased nutrient needs, predicted inadequate energy intake, altered 101 gastrointestinal function, or inadequate energy intake. abstract: Abstract Recent evidence examining adults infected with COVID-19 has indicated a significant impact of malnutrition on health outcomes. Individuals who have multiple comorbidities, are older adults, or who are malnourished are at increased risk of being admitted to the intensive care unit and of mortality from COVID-19 infections. Hence, nutrition care to identify and address malnutrition is critical in treating and preventing further adverse health outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This document provides guidance and practice considerations for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) providing nutrition care for adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection in the hospital, outpatient, or homecare settings. In addition, this document discusses and provides considerations for RDNs working with individuals at risk of malnutrition secondary to food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411575/ doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.05.012 id: cord-171703-n22tr8f2 author: Hanmo, Li title: Robust estimation of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic at US counties date: 2020-10-22 words: 13227.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-171703-n22tr8f2.txt summary: In this work, we propose a robust approach of integrating test data and death toll to estimate COVID-19 transmission characteristics by a Susceptible, Infectious, Resolving (but not infectious), Deceased and reCovered (SIRDC) model initially studied in 7 . We have developed a novel approach to integrate test data and death toll to estimate probability of contracting COVID-19, as well as the time-dependent transmission rate and the number of active infectious individuals at the county level in the US. Furthermore, when we reduce the infectious period by 10% (or equivalently 4.5 days in total), while the transmission rate (β t in SIRDC model) is held the same, the PoC SARS-CoV-2 is reduced by 5 times for 26 counties in Washington and 146 counties in Texas, shown in Extended Data Figure 4 . abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak is asynchronous at US counties. Mitigating the COVID-19 transmission requires not only the state and federal level order of protection measures such as social distancing and testing, but also public's awareness of the time-dependent risk and reactions at county and community levels. We propose a robust approach to estimate the heterogeneous progression of SARS-CoV-2 at all US counties having no less than 2 COVID-19 associated deaths, and we develop the daily probability of contracting (PoC) SARS-CoV-2 for a susceptible individual to quantify the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in community. We found that shortening only $5%$ of the infectious period of SARS-CoV-2 can reduce around $39%$ (or $78$K, $95%$ CI: $[66$K $, 89$K $]$) of the COVID-19 associated deaths in the US as of 20 September 2020. Our findings also indicate that the reduction of infection and deaths by shortened infectious period is more pronounced for areas with the effective reproduction number close to 1, suggesting that testing should be used along with other mitigation measures, such as social distancing and facial mask wearing, to reduce the transmission rate. Our deliverable includes a dynamic county-level map for local officials to determine optimal policy responses, and for public to better understand the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 on each day. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11514v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-286186-93atag0q author: Hansen, Jan-Cedric title: Commentaire cindynique sur l’épidémiologie de la pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 1922.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286186-93atag0q.txt summary: Cependant, au-delà de ces seules données descriptives que sont la fréquence, l''incidence, la prévalence, la distribution et l''étiologie, l''épidémiologie est une discipline qui a pour objet l''identification et l''étude de l''influence de divers facteurs somatiques, psychiques, sociaux, environnementaux et économiques sur les maladies transmissibles ou non transmissibles -voire même sur tout autre phénomène biologique ou social déterminé -ce qui la rend essentielle aux médecins, scientifiques, parties prenantes de la santé publique et décideurs politiques pour leur permettre des prises de décisions éclairées. Le fait est que les données constatées suggèrent une circulation du coronavirus SRAS-CoV-2 responsable de la pandémie COVID-19 dans la population française plus importante que de ce qui ressort des cas confirmés [11] . Devant les défis posés par cette crise/catastrophe multidimensionnelle qu''est la pandémie en cours, l''approche cindynique, plus holistique et adaptative que les modèles classiques, permettrait de proposer aux médecins, scientifiques, parties prenantes de la santé publique et décideurs politiques non seulement une meilleure exploitation des données épidémiologiques disponibles ou à venir, mais aussi, des prises de décisions plus éclairées et surtout, plus accessibles au plus grand nombre. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279847920301087?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pxur.2020.08.013 id: cord-320158-6dh9e5rg author: Hansen, Richard title: Adaptations to the current ECCO/ESPGHAN guidelines on the management of paediatric acute severe colitis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel date: 2020-09-01 words: 5593.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320158-6dh9e5rg.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Our COVID-19-specific adaptations to paediatric ASC guidelines using a RAND panel generally support existing recommendations, particularly the use of corticosteroids and escalation to infliximab, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 status. [10] [11] [12] Panellists rated the appropriateness of specific interventions at various time points during a patient''s admission with ASC (admission, first-line therapy, rescue therapy, continued medical therapy on discharge and surgery) in the context of their SARS-CoV-2 swab status and the presence or absence of symptoms or signs of COVID-19 infection. After the second round of voting, agreement was present for all scenarios (DI<1) except two, both relating to SARS-CoV-2positive patients with symptoms or signs of infection; the use of ciclosporin with corticosteroids as rescue therapy and the use of prophylactic anticoagulation after discharge A detailed list of all scenarios, complete with median score, appropriateness rating and DI is shown in online supplementary table 2. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Paediatric acute severe colitis (ASC) management during the novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to reliance on immunosuppression and the potential for surgery. We aimed to provide COVID-19-specific guidance using the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines for comparison. DESIGN: We convened a RAND appropriateness panel comprising 14 paediatric gastroenterologists and paediatric experts in surgery, rheumatology, respiratory and infectious diseases. Panellists rated the appropriateness of interventions for ASC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results were discussed at a moderated meeting prior to a second survey. RESULTS: Panellists recommended patients with ASC have a SARS-CoV-2 swab and expedited biological screening on admission and should be isolated. A positive swab should trigger discussion with a COVID-19 specialist. Sigmoidoscopy was recommended prior to escalation to second-line therapy or colectomy. Methylprednisolone was considered appropriate first-line management in all, including those with symptomatic COVID-19. Thromboprophylaxis was also recommended in all. In patients requiring second-line therapy, infliximab was considered appropriate irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 status. Delaying colectomy due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered inappropriate. Corticosteroid tapering over 8–10 weeks was deemed appropriate for all. After successful corticosteroid rescue, thiopurine maintenance was rated appropriate in patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 swab and asymptomatic patients with positive swab but uncertain in symptomatic COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Our COVID-19-specific adaptations to paediatric ASC guidelines using a RAND panel generally support existing recommendations, particularly the use of corticosteroids and escalation to infliximab, irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 status. Consideration of routine prophylactic anticoagulation was recommended. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873696/ doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322449 id: cord-296588-q2716lda author: Hanson, Kimberly E title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 10179.0 sentences: 681.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296588-q2716lda.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The IDSA''s goal was to develop an evidence-based diagnostic guideline to assists clinicians, clinical laboratorians, patients and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests. It is important to note as well, that not all specimens were collected from the same patient at the same time, the time of collection from symptom onset was not provided in all studies and various approaches for establishing SARS-CoV-2 positivity were used to define positive results (i.e., clinical evaluation, detection different gene targets versus nucleic acid sequencing). While NP swab collection is widely used and the primary specimen type for commercial direct SARS-CoV-2 test platforms, based on current available evidence, clinical practice, and availability of testing resources, the panel believes there are comparable alternative methods for sampling the nasal passages. abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate molecular diagnostic tests are necessary for confirming a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Direct detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acids in respiratory tract specimens informs patient, healthcare institution and public health level decision-making. The numbers of available SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection tests are rapidly increasing, as is the COVID-19 diagnostic literature. Thus, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recognized a significant need for frequently updated systematic reviews of the literature to inform evidence-based best practice guidance. OBJECTIVE: The IDSA’s goal was to develop an evidence-based diagnostic guideline to assists clinicians, clinical laboratorians, patients and policymakers in decisions related to the optimal use of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests. In addition, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding molecular diagnostic test performance, discuss the nuance of test result interpretation in a variety of practice settings, and highlight important unmet research needs in the COVID-19 diagnostic testing space. METHODS: IDSA convened a multidisciplinary panel of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists, and experts in systematic literature review to identify and prioritize clinical questions and outcomes related to the use of SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make testing recommendations. RESULTS: The panel agreed on 15 diagnostic recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Universal access to accurate SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing is critical for patient care, hospital infection prevention and the public response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Information on the clinical performance of available tests is rapidly emerging, but the quality of evidence of the current literature is considered low to very low. Recognizing these limitations, the IDSA panel weighed available diagnostic evidence and recommends nucleic acid testing for all symptomatic individuals suspected of having COVID-19. In addition, testing is recommended for asymptomatic individuals with known or suspected contact with a COVID-19 case. Testing asymptomatic individuals without known exposure is suggested when the results will impact isolation/quarantine/personal protective equipment (PPE) usage decisions, dictate eligibility for surgery, or inform administration of immunosuppressive therapy. Ultimately, prioritization of testing will depend on institutional-specific resources and the needs of different patient populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556191/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa760 id: cord-324366-x3djkzqn author: Hao, Fei title: COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda date: 2020-08-05 words: 8913.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324366-x3djkzqn.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and China''s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China''s hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. In this regard, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the COVID-19 management framework in the context of China''s hotel industry; the framework addresses phases, principles, and strategies of the industry''s anti-pandemic journey. In addition to summarizing the overall impacts of COVID-19 on China''s hotel industry, the importance and originality of this study are that it develops a COVID-19 management framework comprising anti-pandemic phases, principles, strategies. It also offers original insights into major trends of China''s hotel industry during the post-pandemic era, including the emergence of multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. abstract: This exploratory study reviews the overall impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on China’s hotel industry. A COVID-19 management framework is proposed to address the anti-pandemic phases, principles, and strategies. This study also suggests that COVID-19 will significantly and permanently affect four major aspects of China’s hotel industry—multi-business and multi-channels, product design and investment preference, digital and intelligent transformation, and market reshuffle. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636 id: cord-330831-3b7vfv9b author: Hao, Fengyi title: A quantitative and qualitative study on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients in isolation facilities date: 2020-10-19 words: 8241.0 sentences: 446.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330831-3b7vfv9b.txt summary: COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients'' mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). However, there is currently limited research on the neuropsychiatric sequalae and psychological impact of COVID-19 patients, with one study so far reporting that most clinically stable patients suffered from significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms 9 . The present study performed a quantitative evaluation of the neuropsychiatric sequelae of patients with acute COVID-19 infection who received treatment in the hospital isolation wards, and compared these patients with psychiatric patients and healthy controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: This study examined the neuropsychiatric sequelae of acutely ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who received treatment in hospital isolation wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ten COVID-19 patients who received treatment in various hospitals in Chongqing, China; 10 age- and gender-matched psychiatric patients; and 10 healthy control participants residing in the same city were recruited. All participants completed a survey that collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days and psychological parameters. Face-to-face interviews with COVID-19 patients were also performed using semi-structured questions. Among the COVID-19 patients, 40% had abnormal findings on the chest computed topography scan, 20% had dysosmia, 10% had dysgeusia, and 80% had repeated positivity on COVID-19 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients were significantly more worried about their health than healthy controls (p = 0.019). A greater proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced impulsivity (p = 0.016) and insomnia (p = 0.039) than psychiatric patients and healthy controls. COVID-19 patients reported a higher psychological impact of the outbreak than psychiatric patients and healthy controls, with half of them having clinically significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. COVID-19 and psychiatric patients had higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress than healthy controls. Three themes emerged from the interviews with COVID-19 patients: (i) The emotions experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection (i.e., shock, fear, despair, hope, and boredom); (ii) the external factors that affected patients’ mood (i.e., discrimination, medical expenses, care by healthcare workers); and (iii) coping and self-help behavior (i.e., distraction, problem-solving and online support). The future direction in COVID-19 management involves the development of a holistic inpatient service to promote immune and psychological resilience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33077738/ doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01039-2 id: cord-280231-jo3grxd5 author: Hardenberg, Jan‐Hendrik title: Covid‐19, ACE2 and the kidney date: 2020-08-02 words: 3901.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280231-jo3grxd5.txt summary: Corona-virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a global pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 15 A cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length human ACE2 in the presence of the neutral amino acid transporter collectrin (also known as B 0 AT1), with or without the receptor SARS-CoV2 binding domain (RBD), of the surface spike glycoprotein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, both at an overall resolution of 2.9 angstroms, with a local resolution of 3.5 F I G U R E 1 Evolution of the "anginotensin converting enzyme" (ACE) family. 25 That Covid-19 patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) would not be a surprise. Progressive respiratory failure, not renal failure, is the primary T A B L E 1 A brief overview of Covid-19 patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal-replacement therapies (RRT) Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or haematuric remission and recovery from AKI. abstract: We are confronted with the most dramatic pandemic world-wide for the past 100 years. We are armed "to-the-teeth" compared to 1918, we know the agent, the genomic sequence, the bodily entry, the proliferation rate, the damage pathogenesis, and the very nature of our enemy. We can identify its bodily presence and our resistance to it in terms of neutralizing antibody production. Nonetheless, the disease has laid lame the great nations of the current world and crippled the less fortunate countries. The primary disease features are not the kidney. However, the entry point has much to do with renal and cardiovascular disease. The kidney is a common target of corona-virus (SARS-CoV2) disease; the longer-term consequences could be as well. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32662161/ doi: 10.1111/apha.13539 id: cord-285277-8w03car3 author: Hare, Nathan title: COVID-19: Unmasking Telemedicine. date: 2020-06-27 words: 6010.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285277-8w03car3.txt summary: Abstract Telemedicine adoption has rapidly accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Telemedicine provides increased access to medical care and helps to mitigate risk by conserving personal protective equipment and providing for social/physical distancing in order to continue to treat patients with a variety of allergic and immunologic conditions. Committee established a Telemedicine Work Group (TWG) to review multiple aspects of 107 telemedicine including utility, adoption procedures, billing, security, electronic medical record 108 (EMR) integration, education, and state specific issues. The opportunity cost of non-reimbursed or under-reimbursed care 289 has been a major barrier to telemedicine implementation and prior to COVID-19 prevented 290 many physicians and health systems from offering potentially valuable telemedicine services to 291 their patients. (CMS) has historically placed strict limits on criteria for telemedicine reimbursement, requiring 307 patients receiving telemedicine services to reside in a rural area and travel to a designated 308 health center to receive facilitated care via a synchronous live video link. abstract: Abstract Telemedicine adoption has rapidly accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Telemedicine provides increased access to medical care and helps to mitigate risk by conserving personal protective equipment and providing for social/physical distancing in order to continue to treat patients with a variety of allergic and immunologic conditions. During this time, many allergy and immunology clinicians have needed to adopt telemedicine expeditiously in their practices while studying the complex and variable issues surrounding its regulation and reimbursement. Some concerns have been temporarily alleviated since March 2020 to aid with patient care in the setting of COVID-19. Other changes are ongoing at the time of this publication. Members of the Telemedicine Work Group in the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) completed a telemedicine literature review of online and Pub Med resources through May 9, 2020 to detail Pre-COVID-19 telemedicine knowledge and outline up to date telemedicine material. This work group report was developed to provide guidance to allergy/immunology clinicians as they navigate the swiftly evolving telemedicine landscape. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.038 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.038 id: cord-344204-qq2vqzc2 author: Hariharan, Apurva title: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of NF-kappa-B Pathway in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-11-07 words: 5647.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344204-qq2vqzc2.txt summary: Severe presentations of COVID-19 such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been associated with the post-viral activation and release of cytokine/chemokines which leads to a "cytokine storm" causing inflammatory response and destruction, mainly affecting the lungs. Immunomodulation at the level of NF-κB activation and inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) degradation along with TNF-α inhibition will potentially result in a reduction in the cytokine storm and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. During previous coronavirus outbreaks, such as SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) , it was reported that viral proteins such as nsp1, nsp3a, nsp7a, spike, and nucleocapsid protein all caused excessive NF-κB activation, possibly contributing to severe disease and high case-fatality rate (DeDiego et al. Herein, we review current literature on the effect of SARS-nCoV-2 infection on NF-κB activation and discuss the potential therapeutic role of inhibitors of this pathway in the treatment of COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health care systems worldwide. Severe presentations of COVID-19 such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been associated with the post-viral activation and release of cytokine/chemokines which leads to a “cytokine storm” causing inflammatory response and destruction, mainly affecting the lungs. COVID-19 activation of transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in various cells such as macrophages of lung, liver, kidney, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system leads to production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, LT-α, LT-β, GM-CSF, and various chemokines. The sensitised NF-κB in elderly and in patients with metabolic syndrome makes this set of population susceptible to COVID-19 and their worse complications, including higher mortality. Immunomodulation at the level of NF-κB activation and inhibitors of NF-κB (IκB) degradation along with TNF-α inhibition will potentially result in a reduction in the cytokine storm and alleviate the severity of COVID-19. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway has a potential therapeutic role in alleviating the severe form of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159646/ doi: 10.1007/s10787-020-00773-9 id: cord-277992-49mantab author: Harikrishnan, S. title: Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure date: 2020-05-13 words: 2472.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277992-49mantab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277992-49mantab.txt summary: The following were reported in CMR in one of the patients with myopericarditis who had ventricular systolic dysfunction : increased wall thickness with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis, especially in the apical segments, marked biventricular myocardial interstitial edema, and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement involving the entire biventricular wall 18 Cardiological Society of India recommends fibrinolytics and pharmacological therapy as treatment of choice in stable STEMI. COVID-19 patients who are diagnosed as having asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction or clinically overt heart failure should receive standard guideline directed therapy.Careful management of fluid balance, careful monitoring of electrolytes and renal function is very important.Another cardiovascular co-morbidity which can co-exist is venous thromboembolism and adequate prophylactic measures need to be undertaken 13 . Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS DURING THE 2019 CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN WUHAN, CHINA: A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY REPORT abstract: The COVID 19 global pandemic has engulfed humanity with a huge impact on health systems across the world. Many patients develop myocardial injury which can lead to significant cardiovascular complications including HF. This will require aggressive management strategies which are evolving. Guideline directed drug therapy including ACEI/ARB/ARNI is to be continued in patients with pre-existing HF. Long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 are yet to be ascertained. Protection of health care personnel from contracting the disease should be given high priority. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483220300869?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.012 id: cord-279118-59e4sifb author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Dyslipidemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-01 words: 1202.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279118-59e4sifb.txt summary: Our meta-analysis showed that dyslipidemia is associated with severe COVID-19 infections [RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.87), p = 0.03, I(2) = 57%, random-effect modelling]. [1] has also shown that one of the components in dyslipidemia, which is high-density lipoprotein (HDL) can predict the presence of respiratory disease and the clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aims to analyze the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed using the keywords "dyslipidemia" OR "hyperlipemia" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "comorbidities" OR "risk factors" AND "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19", until the present time (July 9 th , 2020) with language restricted to English only. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of dyslipidemia in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The number of positive and death cases from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing. The identification of risk factors for severe outcomes is important. Dyslipidemia has been shown as a long-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed database using specific keywords related to our aims until July 9th, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and dyslipidemia were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies with a total of 6922 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that dyslipidemia is associated with severe COVID-19 infections [RR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.87), p = 0.03, I(2) = 57%, random-effect modelling]. CONCLUSION: Dyslipidemia increases the risk of the development of severe outcomes from COVID-19 infections. Patients with dyslipidemia should be monitored closely to minimize the risk of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120303027 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.054 id: cord-291155-2fze1t92 author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-08-26 words: 1389.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291155-2fze1t92.txt summary: title: Statin therapy did not improve the in-hospital outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve severity outcome [OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.51–5.23), p = 0.41, I(2) = 93%, random-effect modelling] nor mortality rate from COVID-19 infection [OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.50–1.21), p = 0.26, I(2) = 0%, fixed-effect modelling]. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes from COVID-19 infection. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of metformin use in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" and "mortality" were included in this meta-analysis. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) number of death cases is still increasing. One of the comorbidities associated with severe outcome and mortality of COVID-19 is dyslipidemia. Statin is one of the drugs which is most commonly used for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We systematically searched the Google Scholar database using specific keywords related to our aims until August 1st, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and statin were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies with a total of 3,449 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve severity outcome [OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.51–5.23), p = 0.41, I(2) = 93%, random-effect modelling] nor mortality rate from COVID-19 infection [OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.50–1.21), p = 0.26, I(2) = 0%, fixed-effect modelling]. CONCLUSION: Statin use did not improve in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 infections. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187140212030326X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.023 id: cord-345476-k8r14wi1 author: Hariyanto, Timotius Ivan title: Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-07-29 words: 858.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345476-k8r14wi1.txt summary: A search of the literature was conducted on Google scholar using the keywords "thyroid disease" OR "hyperthyroid" OR "hypothyroid" OR "clinical characteristics" OR "comorbidities" OR "risk factors" AND "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19", between 2019 and present time (July 18 th , 2020) with language restricted to English only. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of thyroid disease in COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "severe disease" were included in this meta-analysis. The essential characteristics of included studies are summarized in Table 1 , whilst the individual and pooled ORs for thyroid disease predicting severe COVID-19 is shown in Figure 1 Based on a contrite meta-analysis of available data, thyroid disease seems to be associated with an enhanced risk of severe COVID-19 infection. The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120302927?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.044 id: cord-322414-dpx191xh author: Harke, Nina N. title: To defer or not to defer? A German longitudinal multicentric assessment of clinical practice in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-15 words: 3778.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322414-dpx191xh.txt summary: MATERIAL AND METHODS: An email was sent to 66 urological hospitals with focus on robotic surgery (RS) including a link to a questionnaire (e.g. bed/staff capacity, surgical caseload, protection measures during RS) that covered three time points: a representative baseline week prior to COVID-19, the week of March 16(th)-22(nd) and April 20(th)-26(th) 2020. The complete survey (S1 File) included detailed queries on numbers of available hospital beds and operating room (OR) capacity, staff members, surgical caseloads with subcategorization of surgeries at three different time points: week 1) baseline week that portrays the numbers of a regular/representative week before the outbreak of COVID-19, week 2) March 16 th to 22 nd 2020 which represent the first week after the lockdown in Germany (confirmed cases in Germany on March 16 th 2020: 6,012 with 13 deaths) and week 3) April 20 th to 26 th (confirmed cases in Germany on April 20 th 2020: 141,672; 4,404 deaths and approximately 91,500 recovered) [1] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: After the outbreak of COVID-19 unprecedented changes in the healthcare systems worldwide were necessary resulting in a reduction of urological capacities with postponements of consultations and surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An email was sent to 66 urological hospitals with focus on robotic surgery (RS) including a link to a questionnaire (e.g. bed/staff capacity, surgical caseload, protection measures during RS) that covered three time points: a representative baseline week prior to COVID-19, the week of March 16(th)-22(nd) and April 20(th)-26(th) 2020. The results were evaluated using descriptive analyses. RESULTS: 27 out of 66 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate: 41%). We found a decrease of 11% in hospital beds and 25% in OR capacity with equal reductions for endourological, open and robotic procedures. Primary surgical treatment of urolithiasis and benign prostate syndrome (BPS) but also of testicular and penile cancer dropped by at least 50% while the decrease of surgeries for prostate, renal and urothelial cancer (TUR-B and cystectomies) ranged from 15 to 37%. The use of personal protection equipment (PPE), screening of staff and patients and protection during RS was unevenly distributed in the different centers–however, the number of COVID-19 patients and urologists did not reach double digits. CONCLUSION: The German urological landscape has changed since the outbreak of COVID-19 with a significant shift of high priority surgeries but also continuation of elective surgical treatments. While screening and staff protection is employed heterogeneously, the number of infected German urologists stays low. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239027 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239027 id: cord-320811-9sm7iz5x author: Harkin, Denis W. title: Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic, review article date: 2020-06-08 words: 3529.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320811-9sm7iz5x.txt summary: Medical Ethics can guide us to make the best available choices for our patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, afterwards, we must emerge wiser having learnt lessons and rebuilding trust in surgical care. Surgeons worry that whilst our Healthcare efforts are correctly focused on increasing critical care capacity, infection control, and the multi-pronged strategies to defeat covid-19, the unintended harm caused by cancelled surgical treatment will become huge 3, 4 . Surgeons face unique specialty-specific challenges during this pandemic, including increased personal risk from intra-operative infection and the professional challenges of prioritisation of who receives the limited surgical care available. We discuss how medical ethics may guide surgeons, to do the right thing and get the best available result for their patients during and after this Covid-19 pandemic. Medical Ethics can guide us to make the best available choices for our patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic is a devastating global healthcare emergency with seismic impact on how modern surgical services function. Surgeons worry, that whilst healthcare-resources are directed against the pandemic, double effect may predict these benevolent public health efforts will cause unintended maleficent effects through delays to surgical treatment. Surgeons will make many challenging ethical judgements during this pandemic, here we conduct a narrative review of how medical ethics may help us make the best available choices. A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the author was conducted. We discuss the key aspects of medical ethics, and how they have applied to surgeons during the Covid-19 pandemic. The four fundamental principles of medical ethics include: Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy and Justice. Surgeons will face many decisions which shall challenge those ethical principles during the pandemic, and wisdom from medical ethics can guide surgeons, to do the right thing, make best available choices, and get the best available outcome for patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. The practice of surgery is distinguished by good judgement in the face of uncertainty, we must strive to do the right thing, advocate for our patients, and be honest in the face of uncertainty. Medical Ethics can guide us to make the best available choices for our patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, afterwards, we must emerge wiser having learnt lessons and rebuilding trust in surgical care. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2049080120301394 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.003 id: cord-309986-p7pqla6l author: Harkin, Timothy J title: Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation date: 2020-05-18 words: 2110.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309986-p7pqla6l.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, typically done on naso pharyngeal (NP) swabs or, less commonly, samples from the lower respiratory tract, including broncho alveolar lavage (BAL). 5 Here, we present a man who developed rapidly progressive pulmonary disease and, following two negative NP tests, was diagnosed with COVID-19 on the basis of broncho scopic biopsy and BAL after 9 days of illness. Both the finding of acute lung injury in the area of lung affected at the onset of symptoms, and the positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in the BAL, support the diagnosis of COVID-19 to explain the entire hospital course. normal in the first 48 h (appendix p 1), serum and BAL galactomannan were negative, and the pathological finding of acute lung injury in the lesion was already present on day 2, which argue against this explanation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213260020302320 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30232-0 id: cord-353329-ju3vwlow author: Haroon, Khawaja Hassan title: COVID-19 Related Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Complications in Three Young Patients date: 2020-09-28 words: 2006.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353329-ju3vwlow.txt summary: We describe clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of three young patients who presented with ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis to our hospital within the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak. His CT of the brain, CT angiogram and CT perfusion ( Fig. 1a -e) showed acute established infarct in the right frontal lobe and basal ganglia, large matched defect in the right MCA territory and occlusion of right CCA and right terminal ICA with no evidence of dissection as well as lung findings suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia. He was transferred to medical ICU for close monitoring and his follow-up non-contrast CT of the head (Fig. 1f ) revealed large right MCA territory infarct. Our first and second patient showed significant arterial lesions, while the third patient showed a high burden of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with raised D-dimers and inflammatory markers, leading to stroke. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is currently affecting millions of people worldwide and is associated with coagulopathy, both in the venous and arterial systems. The proposed mechanism being excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. As an ongoing pandemic declared by WHO in March 2020, health systems worldwide are experiencing significant challenges with COVID-19-related complications. It has been noticed that patients with COVID-19 are at greater risk of thrombosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000511179 doi: 10.1159/000511179 id: cord-324143-ztj6o4ob author: Harper, Craig A. title: Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-27 words: 5726.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324143-ztj6o4ob.txt summary: In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N = 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. (2020) research, subjectively judged self-control attenuated the link between perceived COVID-19 severity and poorer mental health, suggesting that combining a sensible level of fear about the illness with messages related to personal agency could encourage safetypromoting behavior in the form of hand hygiene and social distancing. That is, the results of the current study suggest that negative emotions in response to the current pandemic predict adaptive public health-compliant behavior change (e.g., hand washing, social distancing). We argue that the lack of any significant political orientation or moral foundations effects on behavior change is a positive point from a social perspective, and suggests that, in times of (inter)national crisis, people can forgo their ideological commitments and behave consistently with governmental advice in pursuit of a common public health good. abstract: In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N = 324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32346359/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5 id: cord-355155-1k48jx7v author: Harper, L. title: The impact of covid-19 on research date: 2020-07-09 words: 1045.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355155-1k48jx7v.txt summary: Not only are specialty journals being flooded with submissions by authors being unwittingly granted much needed writing time, but publications on COVID have literally inundated us. In recent weeks, several prestigious journals, including the Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine, have published retractions of earlier and potentially major COVID-related findings 4,5 . On June 15, 2020, The New York Times highlighted potential lapses in the peer review process affecting major scientific journals 6 . Moreover, just as COVID-19 has shown social, racial, and economic health disparities, the pandemic seems also to have accentuated existing gender inequalities within the field of research 9 . Travel, social, and funding restrictions will also take a serious toll on scientific research worldwide. The global impact the crisis will have on the economy makes it hard to imagine that future research funding will not be substantially affected. How is biomedical research funding faring during the COVID-19 lockdown? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32713792/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.002 id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author: Harris, Carlyn title: An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 words: 4699.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt summary: RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness? abstract: BACKGROUND: On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. Since then, there have been over 75 000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14 000 cases recovered. Outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. In 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide an evidenced-based framework for priority clinical research in the current outbreak. METHODS: Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify clinical studies published on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the outbreak setting. Studies were grouped thematically according to clinical research questions addressed. In February 2020, available information on COVID19 was reviewed and compared to the results of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV systematic review. RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. For COVID19, some information on clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and aetiology is available but many clinical research gaps have yet to be filled. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a systematic review of other severe coronaviruses, we summarise the state of clinical research for COVID-19, highlight the research gaps, and provide recommendations for the implementation of standardised protocols. Data based on internationally standardised protocols will inform clinical practice real-time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32257173/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10-011001 id: cord-300163-06hbegx1 author: Harris, Jody title: Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India date: 2020-07-14 words: 5350.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300163-06hbegx1.txt summary: We aimed to investigate effects of this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense foods. This paper uses novel empirical data to understand disruptions to production, livelihoods and diets in agricultural households in India, to draw lessons from COVID-19and particularly its effects on nutrient-dense perishable food items for making food systems more resilient. We use ordered logit regressions to analyse associations between the intensity of self-reported changes in vegetable livelihoods (quantity sold, prices, income) and diets (change in consumption per food group) due to COVID-19 and major household characteristics (farm size, gender of the farmer, and the number of produced vegetables). While we did not investigate the direct effects of sickness in farming households, the subsequent lockdown policy was perceived by farmers to have affected production (through lack of labour, storage and inputs); sales (through drops in demand and lack of transport); prices and income (with reductions due to lack of demand); and diets (in terms of ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods). abstract: Disruption to food systems and impacts on livelihoods and diets have been brought into sharp focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate effects of this multi-layered shock on production, sales, prices, incomes and diets for vegetable farmers in India as both producers and consumers of nutrient-dense foods. We undertook a rapid telephone survey with 448 farmers in 4 states, in one of the first studies to document the early impacts of the pandemic and policy responses on farming households. We find that a majority of farmers report negative impacts on production, sales, prices and incomes. Over 80% of farms reported some decline in sales, and over 20% of farms reported devastating declines (sold almost nothing). Price reductions were reported by over 80% of farmers, and reductions by more than half for 50% of farmers. Similarly, farm income reportedly dropped for 90% of farms, and by more than half for 60%. Of surveyed households, 62% reported disruptions to their diets. A majority of farm households reported reduced ability to access the most nutrient-dense foods. Around 80% of households reported ability to protect their staple food consumption, and the largest falls in consumption were in fruit and animal source foods other than dairy, in around half of households. Reported vegetable consumption fell in almost 30% of households, but vegetables were also the only food group where consumption increased for some, in around 15% of households. Our data suggest higher vulnerability of female farmers in terms of both livelihoods and diet, and differential effects on smaller and larger farms, meaning different farms may require different types of support in order to continue to function. Farms reported diverse coping strategies to maintain sales, though often with negative implications for reported incomes. The ability to consume one’s own produce may be somewhat protective of diets when other routes to food access fail. The impacts of COVID-19 and subsequent policy responses on both livelihoods and diets in horticultural households risk rolling back the impressive economic and nutrition gains India has seen over the past decade. Food systems, and particularly those making available the most nutrient-dense foods, must be considered in ongoing and future government responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01064-5 doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01064-5 id: cord-299093-zp07aqpm author: Harrison, Andrew G. title: Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis date: 2020-10-14 words: 6389.0 sentences: 385.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299093-zp07aqpm.txt summary: Thus, evasion of IFN signaling by SARS-CoV-2 and impaired IFN production in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f human peripheral blood immune cells might contribute to the productive viral replication, transmission, and severe pathogenesis during COVID-19, although further testing is warranted to fully dissect these putative evasion pathways [95] . For instance, Krt18-hACE2 and betaactin-hACE2-transgenic mice rapidly succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection with lung infiltration of inflammatory immune cells inducing severe pulmonary disease, accompanied by evident thrombosis and anosmia, which partially recapitulate human COVID-19 [114] [115] . Furthermore, upon viral challenge, lymphocytes have expanded in rhesus macaque models around 5 dpi with complementary B-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike appearing 10-15 dpi in blood samples [125] ; expansion of these adaptive immune compartments was analogous to those observed in COVID-19 patients [37, 125, [132] [133] [134] . abstract: The emergence of SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) marks the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to spill over into the human population. SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible with a broad tissue tropism that is likely perpetuating the pandemic. However, important questions remain regarding its transmissibility and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current SARS-CoV-2 research, with an emphasis on transmission, tissue tropism, viral pathogenesis, and immune antagonism. We further present advances in animal models that are important for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development, and therapeutic testing. When necessary, comparisons are made from studies with SARS to provide further perspectives on COVID-19, as well as draw inferences for future investigations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132005/ doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004 id: cord-035023-kviogc6h author: Harrison, Stephanie L. title: End-Stage Renal Disease and 30-day Mortality for Adults with and without COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 words: 1411.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035023-kviogc6h.txt summary: Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare 30-day mortality for people with ESRD and COVID-19 (cases) to matched people with ESRD before the COVID-19 pandemic (historical controls). The study data were provided by TriNetX, a global federated health research network with access to electronic medical records (EMRs) from participating healthcare organisations, including academic medical centres, specialty physician practices and community hospitals, predominately in the United States (US). Cases were aged ≥18 years with COVID-19 and ESRD (ICD-10-CM code N18.6) recorded in EMRs between January 20, 2020 (date COVID-19 first confirmed in the US) [5] and October 3, 2020 (to allow for at least 30 days follow-up for all included patients). The current study of over 1700 people with ESRD showed that COVID-19 infection was associated with significantly higher 30-day mortality when compared to propensity score matched patients without COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649657/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.11.003 id: cord-298012-yfzosrok author: Harrison, Stephanie L. title: Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A federated electronic medical record analysis date: 2020-09-10 words: 3477.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298012-yfzosrok.txt summary: Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed older age (odds ratio [OR] per year 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.55–1.98; p < 0.001), being black or African American compared to white (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.31–1.71; p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.64–2.35; p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.21–1.67; p < 0.001), dementia (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07–1.56; p = 0.008), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43; p = 0.003), mild liver disease (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00–1.59; p = 0.046), moderate/severe liver disease (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.53–4.47; p < 0.001), renal disease (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.84–2.46; p < 0.001), and metastatic solid tumor (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19–2.43; p = 0.004) were associated with higher odds of mortality with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: At the beginning of June 2020, there were nearly 7 million reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and over 400,000 deaths in people with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to determine associations between comorbidities listed in the Charlson comorbidity index and mortality among patients in the United States with COVID-19. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A retrospective cohort study of adults with COVID-19 from 24 healthcare organizations in the US was conducted. The study included adults aged 18–90 years with COVID-19 coded in their electronic medical records between January 20, 2020, and May 26, 2020. Results were also stratified by age groups (<50 years, 50–69 years, or 70–90 years). A total of 31,461 patients were included. Median age was 50 years (interquartile range [IQR], 35–63) and 54.5% (n = 17,155) were female. The most common comorbidities listed in the Charlson comorbidity index were chronic pulmonary disease (17.5%, n = 5,513) and diabetes mellitus (15.0%, n = 4,710). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed older age (odds ratio [OR] per year 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.55–1.98; p < 0.001), being black or African American compared to white (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.31–1.71; p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.64–2.35; p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.21–1.67; p < 0.001), dementia (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07–1.56; p = 0.008), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08–1.43; p = 0.003), mild liver disease (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00–1.59; p = 0.046), moderate/severe liver disease (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.53–4.47; p < 0.001), renal disease (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.84–2.46; p < 0.001), and metastatic solid tumor (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19–2.43; p = 0.004) were associated with higher odds of mortality with COVID-19. Older age, male sex, and being black or African American (compared to being white) remained significantly associated with higher odds of death in age-stratified analyses. There were differences in which comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality between age groups. Limitations include that the data were collected from the healthcare organization electronic medical record databases and some comorbidities may be underreported and ethnicity was unknown for 24% of participants. Deaths during an inpatient or outpatient visit at the participating healthcare organizations were recorded; however, deaths occurring outside of the hospital setting are not well captured. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying patient characteristics and conditions associated with mortality with COVID-19 is important for hypothesis generating for clinical trials and to develop targeted intervention strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003321 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003321 id: cord-268705-crcs6d0a author: Harrogate, Suzanne title: Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 1243.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268705-crcs6d0a.txt summary: We present two cases of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in patients with severe COVID-19. Careful review of neuroimaging for haemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 should be undertaken, particularly for those patients receiving enhanced prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. We report 2 cases of non-aneurysmal SAH in severe COVID-19 and hypothesise that this occurred as a complication of thromboembolic disease in the context of enhanced prophylaxis for thromboembolic disease. These cases add to the clinical spectrum of neurological complications associated with COVID-19 and highlight the importance of careful review of neuroimaging in patients with severe COVID-19. [9] At day 11, a CT head scan performed for reduced conscious level following sedation hold demonstrated multifocal, small volume, convexity SAH (Figs. We report 2 cases of nonaneurysmal SAH which have occurred in patients with severe COVID-19. These cases highlight that, although prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis associated with COVID-19 are undoubtedly important, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of haemorrhagic complications, particularly those associated with thromboembolic disease. abstract: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hypercoagulopathy, but haemorrhage, including spontaneous intracerebral parenchymal haemorrhage and diffuse petechial cerebral haemorrhage, has also been reported. We present two cases of nonaneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in patients with severe COVID-19. Careful review of neuroimaging for haemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 should be undertaken, particularly for those patients receiving enhanced prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Although likely to be a marker of severe disease, non-aneurysmal SAH can be associated with favourable outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857213/ doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02535-4 id: cord-263035-eekytsst author: Hart, Alexander title: A Proposed COVID-19 Testing Algorithm date: 2020-06-24 words: 3169.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263035-eekytsst.txt summary: The purpose of this article is to propose an algorithm for COVID-19 testing that would allow for physical distancing to be scaled back in a stepwise manner, which limits ensuing infections and protects the capacity of the health care system. 12 Identifying these susceptible and recovered groups is vital to the downregulation of physical distancing measures, as it will allow for public health officials to predict future numbers of infections and scale back physical distancing accordingly. Here, we propose a testing algorithm to identify the susceptible, infectious, and recovered groups, so that physical distancing measures can be relaxed in a graded, data-driven manner. If a cohort of recovered EWs can be identified, they can work shifts in areas of highest risk exposure such as the emergency department, intensive care unit, or in the non-health-care setting, areas of the workplace that are not amenable to physical distancing. This algorithm is based on the assumption that serologic testing can identify those now immune to re-infection with COVID-19. abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to physical distancing measures in numerous countries in an attempt to control the spread. However, these measures are not without cost to the health and economies of the nations in which they are enacted. Nations are now looking for methods to remove physical distancing measures and return to full functioning. To prevent a massive second wave of infections, this must be done with a data-driven methodology. The purpose of this article is to propose an algorithm for COVID-19 testing that would allow for physical distancing to be scaled back in a stepwise manner, which limits ensuing infections and protects the capacity of the health care system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576313/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.218 id: cord-303631-u0rzxw7o author: Hart, Andrew title: Cover Illustration: “Lockdown” mural, Bath Street, Glasgow, by the.rebel.bearUnshackling Plastic Surgery from COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 words: 1333.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303631-u0rzxw7o.txt summary: Considerable supportive evidence exists for the positive impact of plastic and reconstructive surgery upon quality of life, patient reported outcomes, return to work, and longterm healthcare costs, but to most effectively advocate Plastic surgery to policy makers focused upon the risks and resource requirements of COVID-19, more, scientifically robust, data is urgently needed. The undoubted benefit of immediate reconstruction for a sizeable cohort of women is being considered against the greater apparent safety and lesser shortterm resource requirement of mastectomy and delayed reconstruction, and guidance from the Association of Breast Surgery (U.K.) is under review. It will be specifically addressed in the next issue, but the solution may be to develop capacity to provide equitable access to safe, effective reconstruction, with a low complication profile, in a governanced setting where the risk of operating during COVID infection can be minimised, and detailed consent provided that includes known and unknown risks, along with the implications of awaiting delayed reconstruction. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.082 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.082 id: cord-347185-ttf8oigk author: Hart, Andrew title: Editorial - Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 words: 2765.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347185-ttf8oigk.txt summary: Supportive care needs exceed any previous healthcare challenge, while public health measures are reliant on the blunt tools of isolation and travel restriction which have an economic impact on a scale not contemplated for generations (e.g. predicted 35% fall in U.K. GDPunemployment reaching 10%; 4 10% contraction in the Eurozone economy, 42% fall in global oil price, 44% contraction in air & travel). When healthcare colleagues are being placed at risk of severe disease or death through patient contact (particularly in the face of limited protective equipment or training), we must all support social measures to minimise case numbers -virtual clinical care systems should be used to enable patients not to travel. We may see a retrenchment of healthcare funding away from the trauma and oncological care (including complex reconstruction) that benefits the individual, towards population level interventions in public health and infectious diseases. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.04.002 id: cord-333663-0yzrcfe5 author: Hart, Joanna L. title: Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-22 words: 1597.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333663-0yzrcfe5.txt summary: However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining public safety necessitates restricting the physical presence of families for hospitalized patients. We provide a toolbox of strategies for supporting family-centered inpatient care during physical distancing responsive to the current clinical climate. Strategies for delivering family-centered care typically include open family presence at the bedside; 3 regular, structured communication with family members; and multidisciplinary support. 3 Physical, or social, distancing is the principal mitigation strategy used to reduce transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic, 4 with a profound impact on the delivery of family-centered inpatient care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, family presence must be supported in non-physical ways to achieve the goals of family-centered care. Family-centered care strategies in this context must acknowledge the changed ethical perspective and clinicians'' limited time, attention, and effort to devote to learning and assimilation. Strategies to support family presence during physical distancing rely heavily on existing patient or family smartphones and computers, stable internet access, and technological literacy. abstract: Family support is more, not less, important during crisis. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining public safety necessitates restricting the physical presence of families for hospitalized patients. In response, health systems must rapidly adapt family-centric procedures and tools to circumvent restrictions on physical presence. Strategies for maintaining family integrity must acknowledge clinicians’ limited time and attention to devote to learning new skills. Internet-based solutions can facilitate the routine, predictable, and structured communication which is central to family-centered care. But the reliance on technology may compromise patient privacy and exacerbate racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities for populations that lack access to reliable internet access, devices or technological literacy. We provide a toolbox of strategies for supporting family-centered inpatient care during physical distancing responsive to the current clinical climate. Innovations in the implementation of family involvement during hospitalizations may lead to long-term progress in the delivery of family-centered care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392420302086?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.017 id: cord-352302-are8vvhh author: Hartman, W. title: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a mid-size city in the midwest date: 2020-06-22 words: 3138.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352302-are8vvhh.txt summary: Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. A recent cohort study by Liu and colleagues of 39 cases and 156 matched controls from Mount Sinai hospital in New York City reported a 12.8% mortality rate among patients with severe or worse disease who received convalescent plasma, and significantly better outcomes among patients transfused prior to mechanical ventilation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135830 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 1 Legend: Inpatient respiratory support type by hospital day among COVID-19 patients with life-threatening disease receiving convalescent plasma (n = 15). abstract: Background SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, has infected over seven million people world-wide, including two million people in the United States. While many people recover from the virus uneventfully, a subset of patients will require hospital admission, some with intensive care needs including intubation, and mechanical ventilation. To date there is no cure and no vaccine is available. Passive immunotherapy by the transfusion of convalescent plasma donated by COVID-19 recovered patients might be an effective option to combat the virus, especially if used early in the course of disease. Here we report our experience of using convalescent plasma at a tertiary care center in a mid-size, midwestern city that did not experience an overwhelming patient surge. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively. Results 31 patients were treated, 16 severe patients and 15 life-threatened patients. Overall mortality was 27% (4/31) but only patients with life-threatening disease died. 94% of transfused patients with severe disease avoided escalation to ICU care and mechanical ventilation. 67% of patients with life-threatening disease were able to be extubated. Most transfused patients had a rapid decrease in their respiratory support requirements on or about day 7 following convalescent plasma transfusion. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that convalescent plasma is associated with reducing ventilatory requirements in patients with both severe and life-threatening disease, but appears to be most beneficial when administered early in the course of disease when patients meet the criteria for severe illness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607514/ doi: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135830 id: cord-322867-1yxxe5d3 author: Hartman, William R title: Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in the Midwest date: 2020-07-14 words: 2901.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322867-1yxxe5d3.txt summary: Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Among patients who were admitted with infection that met the criteria for severe disease and were transfused convalescent plasma prior to the development of respiratory failure the mortality to date is zero, and only one patient (6%) has had subsequent escalation of respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. A recent cohort study by Liu and colleagues of 39 cases and 156 matched controls from Mount Sinai hospital in New York City reported a 12.8% mortality rate among patients with severe or worse disease who received convalescent plasma, and signi cantly better outcomes among patients transfused prior to mechanical ventilation. Inpatient respiratory support type by hospital day among COVID-19 patients with life-threatening disease receiving convalescent plasma (n = 15). abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, has infected over seven million people world-wide, including two million people in the United States. While many people recover from the virus uneventfully, a subset of patients will require hospital admission, some with intensive care needs including intubation, and mechanical ventilation. To date there is no cure and no vaccine is available. Passive immunotherapy by the transfusion of convalescent plasma donated by COVID-19 recovered patients might be an effective option to combat the virus, especially if used early in the course of disease. Here we report our experience of using convalescent plasma at a tertiary care center in a mid-size, midwestern city that did not experience an overwhelming patient surge. Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively. Results: 31 patients were treated, 16 severe patients and 15 life-threatened patients. Overall mortality was 27% (4/31) but only patients with life-threatening disease died. 94% of transfused patients with severe disease avoided escalation to ICU care and mechanical ventilation. 67% of patients with life-threatening disease were able to be extubated. Most transfused patients had a rapid decrease in their respiratory support requirements on or about day 7 following convalescent plasma transfusion. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that convalescent plasma is associated with reducing ventilatory requirements in patients with both severe and life-threatening disease, but appears to be most beneficial when administered early in the course of disease when patients meet the criteria for severe illness. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39447/v1 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-39447/v1 id: cord-314796-bek92zs9 author: Hartung, Hans-Peter title: COVID-19 and management of neuroimmunological disorders date: 2020-05-22 words: 1313.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314796-bek92zs9.txt summary: The pathogen was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the diseasecoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -has caused the first recorded non-influenza pandemic. On the basis of their presumed mode of action and evidence from their use in patients, β-interferons, glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide are safe in COVID-19 because they do not cause relevant immunosuppression or increase the risk of viral infections. Nevertheless, an immediate and ongoing neurological challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the management of patients who are undergoing immunotherapy for existing neuroimmunological disease. Nevertheless, an immediate and ongoing neurological challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the management of patients who are undergoing immunotherapy for existing neuroimmunological disease. The complement-blocking mAb eculizumab, which is approved for treatment of NMOSD, has not been associated with an increased risk of viral infections. However, COVID-19 affects the management of patients with neurological diseases in many ways. abstract: The importance of reported neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unclear. Nevertheless, an immediate and ongoing neurological challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the management of patients who are undergoing immunotherapy for existing neuroimmunological disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0368-9 doi: 10.1038/s41582-020-0368-9 id: cord-265598-4h3wx81q author: Hasan, Abdulkarim title: Histopathology Laboratory Paperwork as a Potential Risk of COVID-19 Transmission among the Lab Personnel date: 2020-08-06 words: 2230.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265598-4h3wx81q.txt summary: Methods We tracked paper-based forms from time of test ordering till the release of the pathology report by calculating the time taken for the papers to reach the lab and the exposure of each staff group to the received papers from both high and moderate COVID-19 risk areas. Conclusion More than 80% of the manual paper request forms will take less than 24 hours to be handled by laboratory personnel; carrying a high potential risk for viral transmission. In this study we focused on defining the major hospital departments that request histopathology (by frequency and percent), measuring the time from handling the paper by clinician staff till handling by laboratory personnel, and comparing the possibility of COVID-19 transmission by paperwork to laboratory personnel, according to their exposure time to these papers. More studies are required to detect stability of the SARS-COV-2 on different surfaces and the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission through papers. abstract: ABSTRACT. Background Healthcare workers have a higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection. The process of requesting pathology investigations is usually handled manually through the paper-based forms. We evaluated the potential of paper-based request forms to transmit COVID-19 to laboratory staff to make recommendations for dealing with hospital paperwork in a post COVID-19 world. Methods We tracked paper-based forms from time of test ordering till the release of the pathology report by calculating the time taken for the papers to reach the lab and the exposure of each staff group to the received papers from both high and moderate COVID-19 risk areas. Results Four hundred and thirty two (83%) out of 520 forms were received in the laboratory within 24 hours. The remaining 88 (17%) forms took 24 hours or more to be handled by lab personnel. The mean daily exposure time to the paperwork for various laboratory staff was as follows - receptionists: 2.7 minutes, technicians: 5.5 minutes and pathologists: 54.6 minutes. Conclusion More than 80% of the manual paper request forms will take less than 24 hours to be handled by laboratory personnel; carrying a high potential risk for viral transmission. We recommend replacing hardcopy paper-based request forms with electronic requests that could be printed in the laboratory if required. The other option would be to sterilize received papers to ensure the safety of the laboratory personnel. More studies are required to detect stability of the SARS-COV-2 on the different surfaces and the potential risk of COVID-19 transmission through papers. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590088920300457 doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100081 id: cord-324364-9p04oeac author: Hasan, Syed Shahzad title: Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 words: 7998.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt summary: Original, observational (prospective or retrospective) studies Included patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) Documented use of either angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) Reported frequency, percentage, and/or adjusted estimate of mortality or disease severity and/or adverse clinical outcomes (septic shock, admission to intensive care units) associated with COVID-19 From any region or language The reported odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) that had been adjusted for potential covariates in the respective original studies and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled in a random-effects model to estimate the association between the use of ACEIs/ ARBs and the risk of mortality and severe/critical illness in COVID-19 patients. In fact, the other studies [52, 78, 80, 84] included in the subgroup pooled analysis reported no difference in the risk of severe/ critical illness with the use of ACEIs compared to non-use of the ACEIs. A key strength of this systematic review and meta-analysis was the pooling of adjusted estimates on the mortality and severe/critical outcomes from the use of RAS inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), was alleged to cause a more severe course of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We systematically reviewed the published studies to assess the association of RAS inhibitors with mortality as well as disease severity in COVID-19 patients. A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve relevant original studies investigating mortality and severity (severe/critical disease) in COVID-19 patients with and without exposure to RAS inhibitors. RESULTS: A total of 59 original studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Twenty-four studies that reported adjusted effect sizes (24 studies reported mortality outcomes and 16 studies reported disease severity outcomes), conducted in RAS inhibitor–exposed and unexposed groups, were pooled in random-effects models to estimate overall risk. Quality assessment of studies revealed that most of the studies included were of fair quality. The use of an ACEI/ARB in COVID-19 patients was significantly associated with lower odds (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.95; n = 18,749) or hazard (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.95; n = 26,598) of mortality compared with non-use of ACEI/ARB. However, the use of an ACEI/ARB was non-significantly associated with lower odds (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.75–1.10; n = 7446) or hazard (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.33–1.66; n = 6325) of developing severe/critical disease compared with non-use of an ACEI/ARB. DISCUSSION: Since there was no increased risk of harm, the use of RAS inhibitors for hypertension and other established clinical indications can be maintained in COVID-19 patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40256-020-00439-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918209/ doi: 10.1007/s40256-020-00439-5 id: cord-277926-rt4ye7xt author: Haseeb, Sohaib title: Value of electrocardiography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-06 words: 2945.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277926-rt4ye7xt.txt summary: QT prolongation and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias have been associated with the use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HCQ/CQ), azithromycin (AZ), and antivirals such as lopinavir/ritonavir ( Table 1) , or in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hepatic disease or renal failure [26] [27] [28] . Interestingly, amiodaroneas a medication that can potentially prolong the QT intervalhas been suggested as a possible inhibitor against the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 due to its ability to interfere with the endocytic pathway 46 Critically ill COVID-19 patients will likely be at a higher clinical risk of drug-induced arrhythmia, in which case ECG monitoring will more likely be indicated for supportive medical care. Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease abstract: In December 2019, reports of an unknown pneumonia not responsive to traditional treatments arose in Wuhan, China. The pathogen was subsequently identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to be responsible for the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) illness, and public health emergency of international concern was declared by the World Health Organization. There is increasing awareness of the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 disease, and the adverse impact of cardiovascular involvement on its prognosis. In this setting, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the leading tools to assess the extent of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients, due to its wide disponibility, low cost, and the possibility of remote evaluation. In this article, we review the role of the ECG in the identification of cardiac involvement in COVID-19, highlighting relevant clinical implications. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022073620305276 doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.08.007 id: cord-341085-2stfkwp3 author: Haseli, Sara title: Lobar Distribution of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Chest Computed Tomography Findings; A Retrospective Study date: 2020-04-18 words: 3202.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341085-2stfkwp3.txt summary: This study aimed to evaluate the lobar and segmental distribution of COVID-19 pneumonia based on patients'' chest CT scan. In this study, we aim to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia segmental involvement, by presenting chest CT-scan findings of 63 patients. Also, we have designed a novel scoring scale to report the extension and severity of ground-glass opacification (GGO) in our patients and assess its association with age, sex, and presenting symptoms. Imaging features including type of opacity, GGO severity score, and presence of other abnormal findings (such as pleural effusion, interlobular septal thickening, cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, presence of discrete nodules, and reversed halo sign) were assessed. In this study we have reported chest CT imaging results of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, tree-in-bud appearance, reversed halo-sign, nodules and pleural effusion were not common findings in the chest CT scan of our patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) imaging has quickly found its place as a beneficial tool in the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, only a few studies have reported the distribution of lung lesions by segment. This study aimed to evaluate the lobar and segmental distribution of COVID-19 pneumonia based on patients’ chest CT scan. METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed on 63 Iranian adult patients with a final diagnosis of COVID-19. All patients had undergone chest CT scan on admission. Demographic data and imaging profile, including segmental distribution, were evaluated. Moreover, a scoring scale was designed to assess the severity of ground-glass opacification (GGO). The relationship of GGO score with age, sex, and symptoms at presentation was investigated. RESULTS: Among included patients, mean age of patients was 54.2 ±14.9 (range: 26 - 81) years old and 60.3% were male. Overall, the right lower lobe (87.3%) and the left lower lobe (85.7%) were more frequently involved. Specifically, predominant involvement was seen in the posterior segment of the left lower lobe (82.5%). The most common findings were peripheral GGO and consolidation, which were observed in 92.1% and 42.9% of patients, respectively. According to the self-designed GGO scoring scale, about half of the patients presented with mild GGO on admission. GGO score was found to be equally distributed among different sex and age categories; however, the presence of dyspnea on admission was significantly associated with a higher GGO score (p= 0.022). Cavitation, reticulation, calcification, bronchiectasis, tree-in-bud appearance and nodules were not identified in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 mainly affects the lower lobes of the lungs. GGO and consolidation in the lung periphery is the imaging hallmark in patients with COVID-19 infection. Absence of bronchiectasis, solitary nodules, cavitation, calcifications, tree-in-bud appearance, and reversed halo-sign indicates that these features are not common findings, at least in the earlier stages. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32440666/ doi: nan id: cord-262278-7d6u2tbj author: Hashemi, Masoud title: Anestesia espinhal em pacientes com COVID-19, mais pesquisa é necessária date: 2020-04-24 words: 767.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262278-7d6u2tbj.txt summary: [3] Se por um lado a anestesia raquidiana tem algumas vantagens em pacientes com COVID-19, há elementos a serem considerados na escolha da técnica anestésica que necessitam de mais estudos: A disseminação da SARS-CoV-2 para o sistema nervoso central pode levantar questões sobre a segurança da anestesia raquidiana. Se o paciente com COVID-19 for considerado um caso de via aérea difícil, é recomendável ter todos os dispositivos de via aérea difícil prontos, para que, se a anestesia regional falhar e a anestesia geral tiver que ser realizada, o gerenciamento das vias aéreas não ocorra em situação de emergência, o que aumentaria o risco de transmissão do vírus para a equipe na sala de cirurgia. Apesar de todas as dúvidas mencionadas sobre a segurança da anestesia raquidiana em pacientes com COVID-19, se todas as considerações acima forem levadas em conta, a anestesia raquidiana ainda pode ser um dos métodos recomendados para reduzir o risco de infectar a equipe da sala de cirurgia. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034709420302336?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2020.04.002 id: cord-280747-k0x6rjdi author: Hashim, Muhammad Jawad title: Population Risk Factors for COVID-19 Mortality in 93 Countries date: 2020-09-17 words: 2619.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280747-k0x6rjdi.txt summary: Data on COVID-19 CMR in 93 countries was analyzed for associations with preexisting prevalence rates of eight diseases [asthma, lung cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Alzheimer''s Disease (AD), hypertension, ischemic heart disease, depression and diabetes], and six socio-demographic factors [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, unemployment, age over 65 years, urbanization, population density, and socio-demographic index]. Bivariate analysis revealed that COVID-19 CMR were higher in countries that had high prevalence of population risk factors such as AD, lung cancer, asthma and COPD. From amongst the clinical risk factors, positive correlations with CMR included Alzheimer''s disease (r = 0.36), lung cancer (r = 0.39), and weakly with asthma (r = 0.28) and COPD (r = 0.27). With COVID-19 CMR per 100,000 population as the primary outcome (dependent) variable, multivariate modeling showed that certain risk factors were independent predictors (R 2 = 0.35, log likelihood ratio tests, p < 0.05). abstract: Death rates due to COVID-19 pandemic vary considerably across regions and countries. Case Mortality Rates (CMR) per 100,000 population are more reliable than case-fatality rates per 100 test-positive cases, which are heavily dependent on the extent of viral case testing carried out in a country. We aimed to study the variations in CMR against population risk factors such as aging, underlying chronic diseases and social determinants such as poverty and overcrowding. Data on COVID-19 CMR in 93 countries was analyzed for associations with preexisting prevalence rates of eight diseases [asthma, lung cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), hypertension, ischemic heart disease, depression and diabetes], and six socio-demographic factors [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, unemployment, age over 65 years, urbanization, population density, and socio-demographic index]. These data were analyzed in three steps: correlation analysis, bivariate comparison of countries, and multivariate modelling. Bivariate analysis revealed that COVID-19 CMR were higher in countries that had high prevalence of population risk factors such as AD, lung cancer, asthma and COPD. On multivariate modeling however, AD, COPD, depression and higher GDP predicted increased death rates. Comorbid illnesses such as AD and lung diseases may be more influential than aging alone. url: https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200721.001 doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.200721.001 id: cord-301483-dsaltzdd author: Hashizume, H. title: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID‐19: a case report date: 2020-06-04 words: 895.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301483-dsaltzdd.txt summary: During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID‐19 patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is currently spreading worldwide, causing the worst pandemic experienced this century [1] . During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID-19 patients [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . Recently, we experienced a case of polycyclic erythema, which was very similar to theirs, in a patient with respiratory distress whose eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EAGP) was later confirmed by skin biopsy. Additionally, recent reports have implicated distinctive skin manifestations, such chilblain-like erythema, livedoid eruptions [2, 8] , morbilliform rash [9] , urticarial rash [4] , and varicella-like rash [6] , in COVID-19. In addition, we also observed polycyclic erythema, manifesting very similarly to the COVID-19 case described by Amatore et al. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, is currently spreading worldwide, causing the worst pandemic experienced this century. During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID‐19 patients. We read with interest the recent article by Amatore et al. describing a COVID‐19 case who presented with a febrile rash consisting of annular, polycyclic, and circinate erythema, presumably specific to COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495957/ doi: 10.1111/jdv.16705 id: cord-292054-x0saq938 author: Hashizume, Misato title: Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-05 words: 3798.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292054-x0saq938.txt summary: Given physiological roles of IL-6 in inflammatory conditions and the data from real world, IL-6 signal inhibitors, along with standard of care (SOC) treatment, might provide efficacy, offering the potential to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized populations more effectively than current SOC alone. Therefore, on-going and planned randomized placebo-controlled studies in combination with SOC and other therapeutics to assess safety and efficacy of IL-6 signal inhibitors in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia will be warranted to address the high unmet need and burden of disease in this severely ill population. Elevated tissue and serum levels of IL-6 have been implicated in the disease pathology of several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders including multiple myeloma, Crohn''s disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Castleman disease, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), adult-onset Still''s disease (AOSD), ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TAK), systemic sclerosis, and cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), and targeting of the IL-6 pathway has led to innovative therapeutic approaches for various rheumatic conditions such as RA, JIA, AOSD, GCA, TAK, and others such as Castleman disease or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-induced CRS [2] . abstract: In this review article, it is highlighted the implications of pleiotropic functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for one of the therapeutic options targeting for COVID-19. Moreover, it is discussed how real-world data and trials with IL-6 signaling blockade will be crucial in informing the development of new treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia. Given physiological roles of IL-6 in inflammatory conditions and the data from real world, IL-6 signal inhibitors, along with standard of care (SOC) treatment, might provide efficacy, offering the potential to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized populations more effectively than current SOC alone. Therefore, on-going and planned randomized placebo-controlled studies in combination with SOC and other therapeutics to assess safety and efficacy of IL-6 signal inhibitors in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia will be warranted to address the high unmet need and burden of disease in this severely ill population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024459/ doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00134-7 id: cord-275897-j9cwlzxu author: Hashmi, Ali M. title: New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan date: 2020-05-17 words: 2525.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275897-j9cwlzxu.txt summary: COVID-19 has posed a tremendous challenge to Pakistan''s already strained healthcare system particularly with regards to mental health and psychosocial support services. 10 Individuals with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses die at a younger age than the general population and this excess mortality results in part from a higher prevalence and greater severity of multiple co-morbid medical conditions including diabetes, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular disease. 16 While data specific for Pakistan does not yet exist, it is safe to say that the psychological burden will be significant due to a multitude of reasons: overcrowded and under resourced hospitals may get overwhelmed if cases spike; low literacy rates mean people have an incomplete understanding of the situation and may continue with ''life as usual'' despite warnings by healthcare workers and the government and an economic downturn in a country where millions depend on daily wages may leave many with no income at all for extended periods of time. abstract: This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge about the burden of mental illness and assesses the impact of COVID-19 illness on mental health in Pakistan. For this we analyzed secondary data obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study draws from a wide range of data sources to quantify global and regional effects of a disease. We also did a literature search on the effects of COVID-19 illness on mental health and the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 and other Corona virus related illnesses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Data from the studies obtained was utilized to extrapolate the anticipated effects of COVID-19 illness on healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and the general public in Pakistan. Mental illness poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s under resourced health care system. COVID-19 has the potential to strain Pakistan’s healthcare system to the breaking point. So far, the general morbidity from COVID-19 illness in Pakistan has been low compared to other countries but this could change in the coming weeks and months. Hidden within this crisis are also some opportunities for both healthcare and education. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582322/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2792 id: cord-335351-8hdok02n author: Hashmi, Muhammad Daniyal title: Assessing the need for transfer to the intensive care unit for Coronavirus-19 disease: Epidemiology and risk factors date: 2020-10-27 words: 3792.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335351-8hdok02n.txt summary: At the same time, identifying variables that identify subjects who require transfer to an ICU could also help clinicians risk stratify and triage patients as they present with their acute infections. To address these issues, we conducted a retrospective study of all subjects with Covid-19 admitted to our hospital in order a) to describe the epidemiology of needing transfer to the ICU subsequent to initial admission to the floor and b) to develop a risk tool to categorize these subjects based on variables accessed at time of original hospital presentation. This retrospective analysis indicates that nearly one in 5 patients with Covid-19 infection who are admitted to the floor upon hospital presentation will deteriorate and need transfer to the ICU. Neither baseline clinical factors at time of presentation to the hospital nor the CURB-65 score perform well as screening tests to categorize these subjects likely to progress to needing ICU care. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) require direct admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), some are sent after admission. Clinicians require an understanding of this phenomenon and various risk stratification approaches for recognizing these subjects. METHODS: We examined all Covid-19 patients sent initially to a ward who subsequently required care in the ICU. We examined the timing transfer and attempted to develop a risk score based on baseline variables to predict progressive disease. We evaluated the utility of the CURB-65 score at identifying the need for ICU transfer. RESULTS: The cohort included 245 subjects (mean age 59.0 ± 14.2 years, 61.2% male) and 20% were eventually sent to the ICU. The median time to transfer was 2.5 days. Approximately 1/3rd of patients were not moved until day 4 or later and the main reason for transfer (79.2%) was worsening respiratory failure. A baseline absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) of ≤0.8 10(3)/ml and a serum ferritin ≥1000 ng/ml were independently associated with ICU transfer. Co-morbid illnesses did not correlate with eventual ICU care. Neither a risk score based on a low ALC and/or high ferritin nor the CURB-65 score performed well at predicting need for transfer. CONCLUSION: Covid-19 patients admitted to general wards face a significant risk for deterioration necessitating ICU admission and respiratory failure can occur late in this disease. Neither baseline clinical factors nor the CURB-65 score perform well as screening tests to categorize these subjects as likely to progress to ICU care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611120303437?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106203 id: cord-263235-n8omnki4 author: Hassan, Ansar title: Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-08 words: 2095.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263235-n8omnki4.txt summary: As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase across Canada, the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons (CSCS) and its Board of Directors strongly support the need to contain COVID-19 and to limit its transmission through social distancing, self-isolation, and self-quarantine, as directed by the public health authorities. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic.(1) At that time, only 118,000 cases had been reported globally, 90% of which had occurred in 4 countries.(1) Since then, the world landscape has changed dramatically. As of March 31, 2020, there are now nearly 800,000 cases, with truly global involvement.(2) Countries that were previously unaffected are currently experiencing mounting rates of the novel coronavirus infection with associated increases in COVID-19–related deaths. At present, Canada has more than 8000 cases of COVID-19, with considerable variation in rates of infection among provinces and territories.(3) Amid concerns over growing resource constraints, cardiac surgeons from across Canada have been forced to make drastic changes to their clinical practices. From prioritizing and delaying elective cases to altering therapeutic strategies in high-risk patients, cardiac surgeons, along with their heart teams, are having to reconsider how best to manage their patients. It is with this in mind that the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons (CSCS) and its Board of Directors have come together to formulate a series of guiding statements. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. A visual abstract of the main principles underlying our recommended approach is provided in Figure 1. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0828282X20303238 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.001 id: cord-275867-qm7y3thy author: Hassan, Suzan B. title: COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal date: 2020-10-06 words: 7338.0 sentences: 403.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275867-qm7y3thy.txt summary: More specifically, the current research aims to: 1) test the influence of DSR on destination reputation (DR), domestic tourists'' perceived trust (PT) and their revisit intention (RI); 2) assess the direct relations between DR, PT and RI; and 3) examine the moderation role of fear arousal (FA) related to COVID-19 on the direct relationships between DR, DSR, PT and RI of domestic travelers in Egypt. Concerning health concerns, the impact of fear arousal related to COVID-19 on domestic tourists'' behavior has not been examined yet, however, several tourism studies articulated that risk perception substantially impacted travelers'' intentions to visit a destination (e.g. Giusti and Raya, 2019; Fuchs, & Reichel, 2011; Li, Wen, & Ying, 2018) . In addition, no well-known work has explored the interaction role of fear arousal of COVID-19 on the relation between domestic holidaymakers'' revisit intention and its associated predictors involved in the research model (i.e. destination reputation, DSR and visitors'' perceived trust). abstract: This study aimed to examine the influence of destination social responsibility (DSR) on destination reputation, holidaymakers' perceived trust and their revisit intention. It also tested the direct paths between destination reputation, tourists' perceived trust and revisit intention. Moreover, it investigated the moderation impact of fear arousal due to COVID-19 on the relations between visitors' revisit intention and its associated antecedents. PLS-SEM was employed to analyze the data gathered from 543 domestic holidaymakers who have recently visited tourism destinations in Egypt. The findings indicated that tourists' revisit intention is positively and significantly influenced by DSR, destination reputation and their perceived trust. Additionally, DSR is positively linked to destination reputation and visitors' trust, which in turn is positively affected by destination reputation. The results also revealed that fear arousal negatively moderates the link between destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and their intention to revisit. Academic and managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future studies were also presented. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212571X20301177?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100495 id: cord-297127-nhgm09db author: Hasseli, Rebecca title: National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD date: 2020-09-02 words: 4093.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297127-nhgm09db.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be at risk to develop a severe course of COVID-19. 2 In this situation, patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) may face a particular risk as their disease, especially when clinically active, and their immunomodulatory treatment may impact the course of COVID-19 infection. However, firm knowledge of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IRD is missing, and therefore, evidence-based recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disorders and antirheumatic treatments are lacking. As necessary data cannot be extracted from clinical charts or health insurance records, the DGRh and the Justus-Liebig University Giessen decided to establish a web-based registry, which allows a rapid and timely collection of IRD cases with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany to analyse the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD and to develop guidance for the management of patients with IRD during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be at risk to develop a severe course of COVID-19. The influence of immunomodulating drugs on the course of COVID-19 is unknown. To gather knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD, we established a registry shortly after the beginning of the pandemic in Germany. METHODS: Using an online questionnaire (www.COVID19-rheuma.de), a nationwide database was launched on 30 March 2020, with appropriate ethical and data protection approval to collect data of patients with IRD infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this registry, key clinical and epidemiological parameters—for example, diagnosis of IRD, antirheumatic therapies, comorbidities and course of the infection—are documented. RESULTS: Until 25 April 2020, data from 104 patients with IRD infected with SARS-CoV-2 were reported (40 males; 63 females; 1 diverse). Most of them (45%) were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, 59% had one or more comorbidities and 42% were treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Hospitalisation was reported in 32% of the patients. Two-thirds of the patients already recovered. Unfortunately, 6 patients had a fatal course. CONCLUSIONS: In a short time, a national registry for SARS-CoV2-infected patients with IRD was established. Within 4 weeks, 104 cases were documented. The registry enables to generate data rapidly in this emerging situation and to gain a better understanding of the course of SARS-CoV2-infection in patients with IRD, with a distinct focus on their immunomodulatory therapies. This knowledge is valuable for timely information of physicians and patients with IRD, and shall also serve for the development of guidance for the management of patients with IRD during this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001332 doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001332 id: cord-343249-npk92gra author: Hastie, C. E. title: Short Communication: Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-28 words: 995.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343249-npk92gra.txt summary: We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 mortality, and inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection, in UK Biobank participants. Conclusions Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. 2 Despite the sparse evidence on vitamin D in COVID-19, 3 the UK government is now leading an urgent review into whether there is any link, 4 and the Welsh COVID-19 risk assessment tool already includes vitamin D supplementation as part of its recommendations. 6 Lower vitamin D concentration and vitamin D deficiency were both associated with higher risk of COVID-19 death univariably, but not after adjustment for potential confounders. Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with risk of COVID-19 death univariably or multivariably. Again, vitamin D concentration and vitamin D deficiency were associated with COVID-19 infection univariably but not multivariably (Table) . abstract: Purpose Vitamin D has been proposed as a potential causal factor in COVID-19 risk. We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 mortality, and inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection, in UK Biobank participants. Methods UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37-73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including 25(OH)D concentration, were linked to COVID-19 mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed for the association between 25(OH)D and COVID-19 death, and poisson regression analyses for the association between 25(OH)D and severe COVID-19 infection. Results Complete data were available for 341,484 UK Biobank participants, of which 656 had inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection and 203 died of COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was associated with severe COVID-19 infection and mortality univariably (mortality HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.998; p=0.016), but not after adjustment for confounders (mortality HR=0.998; 95% CI=0.99-1.01; p=0.696). Conclusions Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. Recommendations for vitamin D supplementation to lessen COVID-19 risks may provide false reassurance. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.26.20140921v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140921 id: cord-353110-0oxy9b1p author: Hastie, Claire E. title: Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank date: 2020-05-07 words: 2337.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353110-0oxy9b1p.txt summary: • We explored whether blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk among UK Biobank participants, and whether this explained wholly, or in part, the higher incidence of COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority participants. • Our analyses of UK Biobank data provided no evidence to support a potential role for (25(OH)D) concentration to explain susceptibility to COVID-19 infection either overall or in explaining differences between ethnic groups. 11 In this study, we hypothesised that blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk among UK Biobank participants, and explained wholly, or in part, the higher incidence of COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority participants. Our analyses of UK Biobank data provided no evidence to support a potential role for 0.029 OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval *also adjusted for sex, month of assessment, Townsend deprivation quintile, household income, self-reported health rating, smoking status, BMI category, age at assessment, diabetes, SBP, DBP, and long-standing illness, disability or infirmity abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 and low levels of vitamin D appear to disproportionately affect black and minority ethnic individuals. We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 risk, and whether it explained the higher incidence of COVID-19 in black and South Asian people. METHODS: UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37–73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including 25(OH)D concentration and ethnicity, were linked to COVID-19 test results. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between 25(OH)D and confirmed COVID-19, and the association between ethnicity and both 25(OH)D and COVID-19. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 348,598 UK Biobank participants. Of these, 449 had confirmed COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.99–0.999; p = 0.013), but not after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.998–1.01; p = 0.208). Ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 infection univariably (blacks versus whites OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 3.68–7.70, p-value<0.001; South Asians versus whites OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.65–4.25, p-value<0.001). Adjustment for 25(OH)D concentration made little difference to the magnitude of the association. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of COVID-19 infection, nor that vitamin D concentration may explain ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32413819/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.050 id: cord-024991-9ybyt89r author: Hastings, Gerard title: COVID-19: our last teachable moment date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 is bringing hardship and tragedy. Health workers are having to take appalling risks; loved ones are being lost; lockdown is causing great distress. And, as always in testing times, the disadvantaged are being hit worst. As we emerge from the shadows, the call from the vested interests, from the systems current winners, will be for a rapid return to business as usual. We must resist this; business as usual got us into this mess. COVID-19 is trying to tell us something; we health educators and social marketers must listen, think and, above all, take action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237165/ doi: 10.35241/emeraldopenres.13603.2 id: cord-355537-pckjq1n2 author: Hatef, Elham title: Assessing the Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics on COVID-19 Prevalence Across Seven States in the United States date: 2020-09-22 words: 2690.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355537-pckjq1n2.txt summary: Results: After controlling for age, gender, and the square mileage of each community we identified Zip-codes with higher ADI (more disadvantaged neighborhoods) in Illinois and Maryland had higher COVID-19 prevalence comparing to zip-codes across the country and in the same state with lower ADI (less disadvantaged neighborhoods) using data on May 3rd. We used data on the number of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases at the zip-code level and percentage of the population tested for COVID-19 in the seven states on two selected dates, May 3rd, 2020 (when COVID-19 prevalence had an upward trend across the country) and May 30th, 2020 (when COVID-19 prevalence presented a downward trend in selected areas) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) . Moreover, when data were available we assessed the correlation between the percentage of the population tested for COVID-19 in a zip-code and ADI national and state ranks. abstract: Introduction: The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States has highlighted the long-standing nationwide health inequalities with socioeconomically challenged communities experiencing a higher burden of the disease. We assessed the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics on the COVID-19 prevalence across seven selected states (i.e., Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia). Methods: We obtained cumulative COVID-19 cases reported at the neighborhood aggregation level by Departments of Health in selected states on two dates (May 3rd, 2020, and May 30th, 2020) and assessed the correlation between the COVID-19 prevalence and neighborhood characteristics. We developed Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a composite measure to rank neighborhoods by their socioeconomic characteristics, using the 2018 US Census American Community Survey. The higher ADI rank represented more disadvantaged neighborhoods. Results: After controlling for age, gender, and the square mileage of each community we identified Zip-codes with higher ADI (more disadvantaged neighborhoods) in Illinois and Maryland had higher COVID-19 prevalence comparing to zip-codes across the country and in the same state with lower ADI (less disadvantaged neighborhoods) using data on May 3rd. We detected the same pattern across all states except for Florida and Virginia using data on May 30th, 2020. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that not all Americans are at equal risk for COVID-19. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities appear to be associated with their COVID-19 susceptibility, at least among those study states with high rates of disease. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.571808 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.571808 id: cord-330478-g9n2mfni author: Hattenbach, Lars-Olof title: Krisenstrategien der Kliniken während der Pandemie date: 2020-07-01 words: 1540.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330478-g9n2mfni.txt summary: authors: Hattenbach, Lars-Olof; Reinhard, Thomas; Walter, Peter; Roider, Johannes; Feltgen, Nicolas; Hesse, Lutz; Schrecker, Jens; Eter, Nicole Hintergrund Die SARS-CoV-2(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-Pandemie hat während der ersten Monate des Jahres 2020 weltweit zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen der medizinischen Versorgung mit massiven Einschränkungen bei chirurgischen Eingriffen und nichtdringlichen ambulanten wie stationären Behandlungen geführt [1] [2] [3] [4] . Jüngere Publikationen zeigen jedoch, dass das Risiko einer Ansteckung durch Tränenflüssigkeit selbst bei COVID-19-Patienten eher gering ist und auch die Häufigkeit des Auftretens einer Konjunktivitis nur bei etwa 1 % liegt [12] [13] [14] . Despite the challenge of a significant shift of medical resources during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, medically urgently necessary ophthalmological treatments are continuously provided by maximum care clinics; however, based on currently available data, it cannot be ruled out whether treatment of emergency patients was delayed during the pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic has led worldwide to substantial limitations in healthcare systems. This article describes the recent developments and measures from March through May 2020, which have contributed to the maintenance of ophthalmological care at in-patient departments of ophthalmology. METHODS: PubMed literature search, own data, interhospital survey. RESULTS: The rapid implementation of infection and hygiene control measures and adaptation of standard operating procedures (SOP) to minimize the risk of infection, along with prioritized urgent and emergency care combined with postponement of elective procedures enabled the continuous care of ophthalmological patients. CONCLUSION: Despite the challenge of a significant shift of medical resources during the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic, medically urgently necessary ophthalmological treatments are continuously provided by maximum care clinics; however, based on currently available data, it cannot be ruled out whether treatment of emergency patients was delayed during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-020-01162-x doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01162-x id: cord-305136-tnvp3n1g author: Hauer, Karen E. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change date: 2020-10-07 words: 3525.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305136-tnvp3n1g.txt summary: In this article, the authors assert that medical educators, obligated by current conditions to adapt educational experiences, should seize the opportunity presented by the pandemic to make needed changes in 3 areas aligned with competency-based medical education: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. In this article, the authors assert that medical educators, obligated by current conditions to adapt educational experiences, should seize the opportunity presented by the pandemic to make needed changes in 3 areas aligned with competency-based medical education: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. The COVID-19 Pandemic as an Imperative to Advance Medical Student Assessment: 3 Areas for Change and improvement in learner assessment that are aligned with competency-based medical education (CBME) that we believe can make enduring contributions: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. abstract: Conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted clinical practice and all aspects of medical education. Yet the need to continue to train physicians to care for patients and communities is greater than ever. Medical educators are responding by adapting curricula in response to requirements for social distancing, changing availability of clinical learning opportunities, and limitations on testing center availability for examinations. These disruptions require a systems approach to ensure that learners achieve competence in preparation for advancement in training toward unsupervised practice. In this article, the authors assert that medical educators, obligated by current conditions to adapt educational experiences, should seize the opportunity presented by the pandemic to make needed changes in 3 areas aligned with competency-based medical education: focusing on outcomes, broadening the assessment toolbox, and improving the undergraduate medical education (UME)-to-graduate medical education (GME) transition. Defined outcomes, as exemplified by entrustable professional activities, will enable curricular designers to shorten and adapt learning experiences by focusing on students’ achievement of prespecified learning outcomes. Broadening the assessment toolbox entails capturing more and different assessment information about learners to provide a well-rounded view of their strengths and areas for growth in both traditional and novel settings, such as telehealth. Limitations on available data, such as licensing examination scores and clerkship grades, heighten the urgency to revise the system for the UME-to-GME transition by enhancing the quality and usability of information available to residency program directors. Educators should capitalize on the opportunity presented by altered conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic to make these needed changes to the educational system, to prepare physicians to provide health care and lead the health care system into the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003764 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003764 id: cord-307983-gjdza9bh author: Hawdon, James title: Cybercrime in America amid COVID-19: the Initial Results from a Natural Experiment date: 2020-06-10 words: 6048.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307983-gjdza9bh.txt summary: Thus, while more motivated offenders being online is likely to elevate rates of cybervictimization, the overall patterns are likely more affected by changes in target suitability and guardianship that result from the pandemic. These "dangerous" online routines would include surfing the dark web, playing online video games, online shopping, and visiting social media sites as all of these activities have been reported to increase cybervictimization (Bossler & Holt, 2009; Bossler et al., 2012; Costello et al., 2016; Hawdon et al., 2014; Leukfeldt & Yar, 2016; Navarro & Jasinski, 2012; Reyns et al., 2011; van Wilsem, 2011) . Taking all of these factors together, we would anticipate an increase in cybervictimization amid the COVID-19 pandemic due to more motivated offenders, a change in some "dangerous" online routines, and perhaps less target-hardening. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered life, killing hundreds of thousands of people and leading many countries to issue “stay-at-home” orders to contain the virus’s spread. Based on insights from routine activity theory (Cohen & Felson 1979), it is likely that COVID-19 will influence victimization rates as people alter their routines and spend more time at home and less time in public. Yet, the pandemic may affect victimization differently depending on the type of crime as street crimes appear to be decreasing while domestic crimes may be increasing. We consider a third type of crime: cybercrime. Treating the pandemic as a natural experiment, we investigate how the pandemic has affected rates of cybervictimization. We compare pre-pandemic rates of victimization with post-pandemic rates of victimization using datasets designed to track cybercrime. After considering how the pandemic may alter routines and affect cybervictimization, we find that the pandemic has not radically altered cyberroutines nor changed cybervictimization rates. However, a model using routine activity theory to predict cybervictimization offers clear support for the theory’s efficacy both before and after the pandemic. We conclude by considering plausible explanations for our findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09534-4 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09534-4 id: cord-304230-rxhoe8cw author: Hay-David, A.G.C. title: Reducing medical error during a pandemic date: 2020-04-11 words: 1988.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304230-rxhoe8cw.txt summary: In this short article we provide some information that might be useful and help equip colleagues to reduce medical error during a pandemic. 12 Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have been used to good effect in the past; for example, providing information for disaster response between authorities and the public during the 2010 Haitian earthquake. 13 It has been suggested, that social media may have a useful role over the more traditional means of reporting to track emergence of disease trends and outbreaks. [14] [15] [16] Analysis of social media use over a 14 week period during the Ebola outbreak identified it as a potential source of surveillance to enhance detection, preparedness, and, the public health response during a crisis (used in addition to traditional surveillance approach). 18 The GMC and the BMA provide guidance on social media use by the medical profession and respect and confidentiality for patients as well as colleagues remains of paramount importance. abstract: On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. By 11 March 2020, it was designated a pandemic owing to its rapid worldwide spread. In this short article we provide some information that might be useful and help equip colleagues to reduce medical error during a pandemic. We advocate a systems-based approach, rather than an individual’s sole responsibility, and, look at ways to provide safer healthcare. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0266435620301522 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.003 id: cord-277313-5f5lrn3c author: Hayakawa, Satoshi title: Covid‐19 pandemic and pregnancy date: 2020-08-10 words: 4622.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277313-5f5lrn3c.txt summary: 20 However, fortunately, clinical data suggest no deleterious outcomes of pregnant women who are infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy compared with those infected with SARS-CoV or MERS. In another report from Wuhan, of 13 pregnant women who developed COVID-19 during pregnancy, one woman delivered a dead fetus at 34 weeks of gestation, but the cause of fetal death was speculated to be severe maternal pneumonia and multiple organ failure rather than viral infection of the fetus. 22 Another report showed that 3 of 33 pregnant women who developed COVID-19 during pregnancy in Wuhan showed evidence of intrauterine infection by cord blood PCR test. While early studies showed no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother-to-child in late pregnancy, 21 recent reports have shown possible in utero transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women: A report based on 116 cases abstract: At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus disease, COVID‐19, emerged and quickly spread around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative virus of this disease, belongs to the β‐coronavirus family, together with SARS and middle east respiratory syndrome, and has similar biological characteristics to these viruses. For obstetricians, the susceptibility and prognoses of pregnant women and the effects of the infection on the fetus have been the focus of attention; however, at present, the seriousness of the disease in pregnant women is not apparent, and COVID‐19 does not increase the rate of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor or teratogenicity. Even so, carriers might transmit SARS‐CoV‐2 to pregnant women. Thus, we must keep in mind that all medical personnel must understand and maintain standard precautions in their clinical and laboratory practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779342/ doi: 10.1111/jog.14384 id: cord-137263-mbww0yyt author: Hayashi, Teruaki title: Data Requests and Scenarios for Data Design of Unobserved Events in Corona-related Confusion Using TEEDA date: 2020-09-08 words: 4369.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-137263-mbww0yyt.txt summary: Using TEEDA, we collect data items (data requests and providable data) in the corona-related confusion in the workshop, discuss the characteristics of missing data, and create three scenarios for data design of unobserved events focusing on variables. In this study, this item will be useful for understanding what types of data and variables are needed and for what purpose in regard to corona-related confusion. The aim of the experiment was to understand the characteristics of data requests and providable data in the corona-related confusion and create scenarios for new data design of unobserved events focusing on variables. Subsequently, participants input the information on the data requests and the providable data about corona-related confusion on TEEDA for 45 min via discussion with other participants. In this study, to discuss the data design of unobserved events in corona-related confusion, we used TEEDA to externalize the information about data items from data users and data providers and analyzed their characteristics. abstract: Due to the global violence of the novel coronavirus, various industries have been affected and the breakdown between systems has been apparent. To understand and overcome the phenomenon related to this unprecedented crisis caused by the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), the importance of data exchange and sharing across fields has gained social attention. In this study, we use the interactive platform called treasuring every encounter of data affairs (TEEDA) to externalize data requests from data users, which is a tool to exchange not only the information on data that can be provided but also the call for data, what data users want and for what purpose. Further, we analyze the characteristics of missing data in the corona-related confusion stemming from both the data requests and the providable data obtained in the workshop. We also create three scenarios for the data design of unobserved events focusing on variables. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.04035v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-311222-vw4b9xmg author: Haydar, Ali title: Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study date: 2020-05-23 words: 2032.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311222-vw4b9xmg.txt summary: title: Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study BACKGROUND: As healthcare institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, need for vasopressors, and death. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, need for vasopressors, and death. As the world battles the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is critical to use palliative care as an approach to ease the burden of this life-threatening illness on patients and their families. Hence, we present a study assessing the rates of utilization of palliative care in an underserved high-risk COVID-19 patient population. There was a relatively low utilization rate of palliative care in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: As healthcare institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. It is important to assess the use of palliative care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a retrospective single center study of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed via reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) admitted between 3/1/2020 and 4/24/2020. An analysis of the utilization of palliative care in accordance with patient comorbidities and other characteristics was performed while considering clinical outcomes. Chi square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables while T tests were used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 21.5% (n=52) and in 48% (n=25) of these patients, palliative care was not involved. Fifty nine percent (n=24) of those who had palliative consults eventually elected for comfort measures and transitioned to hospice care. Among those classified as having severe COVID-19, only 40% (n=31) had palliative care involvement. Of these patients with severe COVID-19, 68% (n=52) died. Patients who got palliative care consults were of older age, had higher rates of intubation, need for vasopressors, and death. CONCLUSION: There was a low utilization rate of palliative care in patients with COVID-19. Conscious utilization of palliative care is needed at the time of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32454186/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.022 id: cord-270481-rrpqz0uy author: Hays, Russell title: Helminth coinfection and COVID-19: An alternate hypothesis date: 2020-08-17 words: 1080.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270481-rrpqz0uy.txt summary: Helminth infections are known to be powerful modulators of the human immune response, and numerous studies now highlight the effects this may have on human infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. One of the clear predictors of severe COVID-19 that has emerged during the pandemic has been the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients contracting the virus. These metabolic diseases are characterised by an inflammatory milieu, with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, many of which are also implicated in the severe form of COVID-19. It is therefore feasible to propose that a reduced capacity for the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased numbers of regulatory immune cells due to the immunomodulatory effects of pre-existing helminth infection could result in a reduced risk of severe COVID-19. Epidemiological studies of the prevalence of severe COVID-19 in societies in which helminth infection is common would clearly be of great interest, but currently, no reliable data exists. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008628 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008628 id: cord-264248-wqkphg2e author: Hazem, Y. title: Hasty Reduction of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures Leads to the Second Wave of Infection date: 2020-05-26 words: 2265.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264248-wqkphg2e.txt summary: For the study in hand, this model is used to forecast the infection rate if the lockdown measures are reduced by 25% on the 1st of June 2020 or the 1st of July 2020; hence, the impact of delaying this step is also investigated. 23.20111526 doi: medRxiv preprint in lockdown measures and predicts the evolution of the number of infected cases until the end of 2020 following the assumed conditions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20111526 doi: medRxiv preprint more affected by reopening as they have not fully conquered COVID-19 yet; hence, the hasty reduction of quarantine measures might lead to even higher infection rates that has happened before during the Spanish flu [21; 22] . In conclusion, this study offers a quantifiable prediction of how reducing the lockdown measures shall lead to the second wave of COVID-19 in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Canada. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has an undeniable global impact, both socially and economically. March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic worldwide. Many governments, worldwide, have imposed strict lockdown measures to minimize the spread of COVID-19. However, these measures cannot last forever; therefore, many countries are already considering relaxing the lockdown measures. This study, quantitatively, investigated the impact of this relaxation in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, and Canada. A modified version of the SIR model is used to model the reduction in lockdown based on the already available data. The results showed an inevitable second wave of COVID-19 infection following loosening the current measures. The study tries to reveal the predicted number of infected cases for different reopening dates. Additionally, the predicted number of infected cases for different reopening dates is reported. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.20111526v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20111526 id: cord-215345-p1iktm9v author: He, Bing title: Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 words: 1281.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-215345-p1iktm9v.txt summary: Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) caused by spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the most plausible mechanism of lung injury in COVID-19. We propose two candidate drugs, COL-3 (a chemically modified tetracycline) and CGP-60474 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), for treating lung injuries in COVID-19, based on their abilities to reverse the gene expression patterns in HCC515 cells treated with ACE2 inhibitor and in human COVID-19 patient lung tissues. In summary, this study shows that ACE2 inhibition is likely part of the mechanisms leading to lung injury in COVID-19, and that compounds such as COL-3 and CGP-60474 have the potential as repurposed drugs for its treatment. Then we analyzed 12,707 drugs and compounds from LINCS L1000 pharmacogenomics data to find best candidates that could reverse abnormal gene In lung, the inhibition of ACE2 promote lung injury via the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) 6 . abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease discovered in 2019 and currently in outbreak across the world. Lung injury with severe respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in COVID-19, brought by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there still lacks efficient treatment for COVID-19 induced lung injury and acute respiratory failure. Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) caused by spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the most plausible mechanism of lung injury in COVID-19. We propose two candidate drugs, COL-3 (a chemically modified tetracycline) and CGP-60474 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), for treating lung injuries in COVID-19, based on their abilities to reverse the gene expression patterns in HCC515 cells treated with ACE2 inhibitor and in human COVID-19 patient lung tissues. Further bioinformatics analysis shows that twelve significantly enriched pathways (P-value<0.05) overlap between HCC515 cells treated with ACE2 inhibitor and human COVID-19 patient lung tissues, including signaling pathways known to be associated with lung injury such as TNF signaling, MAPK signaling and Chemokine signaling pathways. All these twelve pathways are targeted in COL-3 treated HCC515 cells, in which genes such as RHOA, RAC2, FAS, CDC42 have reduced expression. CGP-60474 shares eleven of twelve pathways with COL-3 with common target genes such as RHOA. It also uniquely targets genes related to lung injury, such as CALR and MMP14. In summary, this study shows that ACE2 inhibition is likely part of the mechanisms leading to lung injury in COVID-19, and that compounds such as COL-3 and CGP-60474 have the potential as repurposed drugs for its treatment. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.14333v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-254809-o454k6ae author: He, Bing title: The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 4761.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254809-o454k6ae.txt summary: Third, according to an analysis of nearly 45,000 confirmed cases, 19% of patients with COVID-19 have been identified as severe cases and critically ill cases, involving severe pneumonia and metabolic disorders, developing into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunctions (MODS), and even septic shock and death (9, 12) . In this study, we investigated mild cases and severe cases infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as healthy young children and adults. Our study suggests that monocytes, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes are associated with the onset and progress of COVID-19 infection, and immunopathogenesis was involved in ARDS, metabolic disorders, and MODS in severe cases. We collected the data of patients with COVID-19, including the clinical records, laboratory results and chest computed tomography (CT) scan images of mild and severe cases in the hospital. Extremely high levels of circulating lymphocytes and monocytes would benefit to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which might be associated with the low morbidity of COVID-19 in young children. abstract: To explore the metabolic changes and immune profiles in patients with COVID-19, we analyzed the data of patients with mild and severe COVID-19 as well as young children with COVID-19. Of the leukocytes, 47% (IQR, 33–59) were lymphocytes [2.5 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 2.2–3.3)], and monocytes were 0.51 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 0.45–0.57) in young children with COVID-19. In 32 mild COVID-19 patients, circulating monocytes were 0.45 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 0.36–0.64). Twenty-one severe patients had low PO(2) [57 mmHg (IQR, 50–73)] and SO(2) [90% (IQR, 86–93)] and high lactate dehydrogenase [580 U/L (IQR, 447–696)], cardiac troponin I [0.07 ng/mL (IQR, 0.02–0.30)], and pro-BNP [498 pg/mL (IQR, 241–1,726)]. Serum D-dimer and FDP were 9.89 mg/L (IQR, 3.62–22.85) and 32.7 mg/L (IQR, 12.8–81.9), and a large number of RBC (46/μL (IQR, 4–242) was presented in urine, a cue of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in severe patients. Three patients had comorbidity with diabetes, and 18 patients without diabetes also presented high blood glucose [7.4 mmol/L (IQR, 5.9–10.1)]. Fifteen of 21 (71%) severe cases had urine glucose +, and nine of 21 (43%) had urine ketone body +. The increased glucose was partially caused by reduced glucose consumption of cells. Severe cases had extraordinarily low serum uric acid [176 μmol/L (IQR, 131–256)]. In the late stage of COVID-19, severe cases had extremely low CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells, but unusually high neutrophils [6.5 × 10(9)/L (IQR, 4.8–9.6)], procalcitonin [0.27 ng/mL (IQR, 0.14–1.94)], C-reactive protein [66 mg/L (IQR, 25–114)] and an extremely high level of interleukin-6. Four of 21 (19%) severe cases had co-infection with fungi, and two of 21 (9%) severe cases had bacterial infection. Our findings suggest that, severe cases had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) I–III, and metabolic disorders of glucose, lipid, uric acid, etc., even multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and DIC. Increased neutrophils and severe inflammatory responses were involved in ARDS, MODS, and DIC. With the dramatical decrease of T-lymphocytes, severe cases were susceptible to co-infect with bacteria and fungi in the late stage of COVID-19. In young children, extremely high lymphocytes and monocytes might be associated with the low morbidity of COVID-19. The significantly increased monocytes might play an important role in the recovery of patients with mild COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02075 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02075 id: cord-264148-qpcvxwti author: He, Feng title: Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? date: 2020-03-28 words: 2056.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264148-qpcvxwti.txt summary: 25, 26, 30, [32] [33] [34] Although pneumonia is present in most SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, few cases complained of pleuritic chest pain. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics abstract: In late December 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases has been reported in Wuhan, China. A few days later, the causative agent of this mysterious pneumonia was identified as a novel coronavirus. This causative virus has been temporarily named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the relevant infected disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) by the World Health Organization, respectively. The COVID‐19 epidemic is spreading in China and all over the world now. The purpose of this review is primarily to review the pathogen, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19, but also to comment briefly on the epidemiology and pathology based on the current evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170865/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25766 id: cord-299899-is815pol author: He, Jingjing title: Proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): a systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-07-21 words: 2576.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299899-is815pol.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299899-is815pol.txt summary: The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection among 1152 COVID‐19 children from 11 studies is 27.7% (95% CI: 16.4–42.7%), which is much higher than patients from all aged groups. However, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 could also be asymptomatic, confirmed by positive Nucleic acid testing results during the illness. While a variety of studies on asymptomatic infection have been reported, the proportion of asymptomatic patients in confirmed COVID-19 cases is not well characterized. Original articles reporting asymptomatic infection in confirmed COVID-19 patients were included for meta-analysis. Noticeably, one study from Wuhan showed that 98/1021(9.6%) nucleic acid testing negative patients had lgG positive results, suggesting possible recovery from asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection 54 . Characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, China. Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China. Epidemiological and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aim to systematically review the characteristics of asymptomatic infection in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were electronically searched to identify original studies containing the rate of asymptomatic infection in COVID‐19 patients before 20 May 2020. Then mate‐analysis was conducted using R version 3.6.2. RESULTS: A total of 50155 patients from 41 studies with confirmed COVID‐19 were included. The pooled percentage of asymptomatic infection is 15.6% (95% CI: 10.1%‐23.0%). Ten included studies contain the number of pre‐symptomatic patients, who were asymptomatic at screening point and developed symptoms during follow‐up. The pooled percentage of pre‐symptomatic infection among 180 initially asymptomatic patients is 48.9% (95% CI: 31.6‐66.2%). The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection among 1152 COVID‐19 children from 11 studies is 27.7% (95% CI: 16.4–42.7%), which is much higher than patients from all aged groups. Abnormal CT features are common in asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection. For 36 patients from 4 studies that CT results were available, 15 (41.7%) patients had bilateral involvement and 14 (38.9%) had unilateral involvement in CT results. Reduced white blood cell count, increased lactate dehydrogenase, and increased C‐reactive protein were also recorded. CONCLUSION: About 15.6% of confirmed COVID‐19 patients are asymptomatic. Nearly half of the patients with no symptoms at detection time will develop symptoms later. Children are likely to have a higher proportion of asymptomatic infection than adults. Asymptomatic COVID‐19 patients could have abnormal laboratory and radiational manifestations which can be used as screening strategies to identify asymptomatic infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32691881/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26326 id: cord-345180-i4syz2t1 author: He, M. title: A delayed modulation of solar radiation on the COVID-19 transmission reflects an incubation period date: 2020-10-14 words: 3979.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345180-i4syz2t1.txt summary: We estimate the growth rate through a sliding window regression for each country and investigate its response to meteorological conditions across all countries, in contrast to the above-mentioned works 7-10 , which analyzed the number of confirmed cases or mortality from prior selected cities directly. A measure of the incubation period Note that the above correlation and regression analyses involve a time displacement of 7 days between the meteorological variables and the growth rate. The current section extracts a daily infection growth rate for each country from the data of confirmed cases, through a sliding window regression, optimization, cross-correlation, and unit conversion. Note that the correlation analyses above are implemented with a time displacement between the sampling window of the growth rate and that of the meteorological variables δt := t UV,T − τ, to avoid the contamination from the COVID-19 incubation period, e.g., 18 . abstract: Laboratory experiments have revealed the meteorological sensitivity of the virus of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no consensus has been reached about how the meteorological conditions modulate the virus transmission as it is constrained more often by non-meteorological factors. Here, we find that the non-meteorological factors constrain statistically-least the growth rate of cumulative confirmed cases in a country when the cases arrive around 2500-3000. The least-constrained growth rate correlates with the near-surface ultraviolet flux and temperature significantly (correlation coefficients r=-0.55{+/-}0.08 and -0.45{+/-}0.08 at p 10-5, respectively). In response to increases of 1W/m2 ultraviolet and 1{degrees}C temperature, the growth rate decreases by 0.33{+/-}.11% and 0.18{+/-}.08% per day, respectively. The response to the ultraviolet flux exhibits a delay by about 7 days, providing an independent measure of the incubation period. Our quantifications imply a seasonality of COVID-19 and a high risk of a pandemic resurgence in the upcoming boreal winter, suggesting a need for seasonal adaption in public policies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.13.20183111v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20183111 id: cord-308648-bus3axay author: He, Shan title: Analysis of Risk Perceptions and Related Factors Concerning COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, China date: 2020-06-26 words: 3116.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308648-bus3axay.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To assess perceptions of risk and related factors concerning COVID-19 epidemic among residents in Chongqing city, China. Females (OR = 4.234), people with income ≥ 2000 yuan (2000–4999 yuan: OR = 5.052, 5000–9999 yuan: OR = 4.301, ≥ 10,000 yuan: OR = 23.459), the married status (OR = 1.811), the divorced status, widows or widowers (OR = 3.038), people living with families including children (OR = 5.085) or chronic patients (OR = 2.423) had a higher perceived risk level, as well as people who used free media websites (OR = 1.756), community workers (OR = 4.064) or community information platforms (OR = 2.235) as main media information sources. CONCLUSION: Residents reported a high level of risk perception towards COVID-19 in Chongqing and it was impacted by the population demographic characteristics. In our study, residents in Chongqing had a high level of risk perception towards the infectivity and pathogenicity of COVID-19, and relatively lower risk of the lethality and self-rated infection possibility. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess perceptions of risk and related factors concerning COVID-19 epidemic among residents in Chongqing city, China. METHODS: With convenience sampling, a web questionnaire survey was conducted among 476 residents living in Chongqing on February 13rd to 14th in 2020, when citizens just started to get back to work. RESULTS: Residents’ estimated perceived risks were (4.63 ± 0.57), (4.19 ± 0.76), (3.23 ± 0.91) and (2.29 ± 0.96) for the infectivity, pathogenicity, lethality and self-rated infection possibility of COVID-19, respectively. Females (OR = 4.234), people with income ≥ 2000 yuan (2000–4999 yuan: OR = 5.052, 5000–9999 yuan: OR = 4.301, ≥ 10,000 yuan: OR = 23.459), the married status (OR = 1.811), the divorced status, widows or widowers (OR = 3.038), people living with families including children (OR = 5.085) or chronic patients (OR = 2.423) had a higher perceived risk level, as well as people who used free media websites (OR = 1.756), community workers (OR = 4.064) or community information platforms (OR = 2.235) as main media information sources. The perceived risk increased by 4.9% for every one-year increase of age. People who used WeChat contacts (OR = 0.196) as the main media information source, reported a lower perceived risk. CONCLUSION: Residents reported a high level of risk perception towards COVID-19 in Chongqing and it was impacted by the population demographic characteristics. Media information sources, including community information platforms and community workers may cause the increase of public risk perceptions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592160/ doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00870-4 id: cord-255586-wshvvgxg author: He, Shengyang title: Clinical characteristics of “re-positive” discharged COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-15 words: 2920.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255586-wshvvgxg.txt summary: The demographic features, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, comorbidities, co-infections, treatments, illness severities and chest CT scan results of 267 patients were collected from 1st January to 15th February 2020. | (2020) 10:17365 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74284-6 www.nature.com/scientificreports/ disease progression, no differences were found, suggesting this group of COVID-19 patients could be difficult to detect by using standard clinical data. All raw clinical and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical records system of the Central Hospital of Wuhan, followed by a follow up visit up to 14 days (also known as the discharge quarantine) to test for a re-positive nucleic acid assay. Definition of "re-positive": when a confirmed COVID-19 patient is detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive during the 14 days post-discharge quarantine (random test timing). Since understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking, a careful discharge protocol should be applied (e.g. negative results of the nucleic acid tests of respiratory pathogens for 3 consecutive times), and post-discharge quarantine should be strictly observed, especially for severe and critical COVID-19 patients. abstract: To analyze the clinical characteristics of re-positive discharged COVID-19 patients and find distinguishing markers. The demographic features, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, comorbidities, co-infections, treatments, illness severities and chest CT scan results of 267 patients were collected from 1st January to 15th February 2020. COVID-19 was diagnosed by RT-PCR. Clinical symptoms and nucleic acid test results were collected during the 14 days post-hospitalization quarantine. 30 out of 267 COVID-19 patients were detected re-positive during the post-hospitalization quarantine. Re-positive patients could not be distinguished by demographic features, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, comorbidities, co-infections, treatments, chest CT scan results or subsequent clinical symptoms. However, re-positive rate was found to be correlated to illness severity, according the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) severity-of-disease classification system, and the confusion, urea, respiratory rate and blood pressure (CURB-65) score. Common clinical characteristics were not able to distinguish re-positive patients. However, severe and critical cases classified high according APACHE II and CURB-65 scores, were more likely to become re-positive after discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74284-6 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74284-6 id: cord-283366-xwxg9991 author: He, Tian title: Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury date: 2020-08-10 words: 4974.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283366-xwxg9991.txt summary: The ingredients (quercetin, formononetin, kaempferol, etc.,) from core herbs could modulate targets (PTGS2 (COX2), PTGS1 (COX1), IL6, CASP3, NOS2, and TNF, etc.), and thereby prevent the pharmacological and non-pharmacological renal injury comparable to that from COVID-19 infection. showed that the biological processes or pathways such as cytokine receptor binding, cytokine activity, receptor ligand activity, phosphatase binding, protein phosphatase binding, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, TNF pathway, IL17 pathway, MAPK pathway, and apoptosis pathway had high degree values, which may be the core mechanism to explain why the core herbs of CHM can be applied to the treatment of renal injury after COVID-19 infection. (Fig. 8) Osteoclast differentiation Combined with current clinical reports, the common causes of COVID-19-induced renal injury may be related to virus, immune system and drug, and its core mechanism is related to inflammation and apoptosis. abstract: Clinical studies have shown that renal injury in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been a real concern, which is associated with high mortality and an inflammation/apoptosis-related causality. Effective target therapy for renal injury has yet been developed. Besides, potential anti-COVID-19 medicines have also been reported to cause adverse side effects to kidney. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), however, has rich experience in treating renal injury and has successfully applied in China in the battle of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of CHM treatment are still unclear. In this study, we searched prescriptions in the treatment of renal injury extensively and the potential mechanisms to treat COVID-19 related renal injury were investigated. The association rules analysis showed that the core herbs includes Huang Qi, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Di Huang, Shan Yao. TCM herbs regulate core pathways, such as AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, TNF and apoptosis pathway, etc. The ingredients (quercetin, formononetin, kaempferol, etc.,) from core herbs could modulate targets (PTGS2 (COX2), PTGS1 (COX1), IL6, CASP3, NOS2, and TNF, etc.), and thereby prevent the pharmacological and non-pharmacological renal injury comparable to that from COVID-19 infection. This study provides therapeutic potentials of CHM to combat COVID-19 related renal injury to reduce complications and mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016420301730?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.002 id: cord-299932-c079r94n author: He, X. title: Benchmarking Deep Learning Models and Automated Model Design for COVID-19 Detection with Chest CT Scans date: 2020-06-09 words: 6200.0 sentences: 380.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299932-c079r94n.txt summary: Although many recent studies have shown that deep learning based solutions can help detect COVID-19 based on chest CT scans, there lacks a consistent and systematic comparison and evaluation on these techniques. Therefore, many recent studies have tried to use deep learning (DL) methods to assist COVID-19 diagnosis with chest X-rays or CT scan images. In this paper, we use our dataset to benchmark two types of state-of-the-art (SOTA) DL models: 1) 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs), including DenseNet3D121 [17] , R2Plus1D [18] , MC3 18 [18] , ResNeXt3D101 [17] , Pre-Act ResNet [17] , and ResNet3D series [17] ; 2) 2D CNNs, including DenseNet121 [19] , DenseNet201 [19] , ResNet50 [20] , ResNet101 [20] and ResNeXt101 [21] . Instead, the model trained on scan data with a small number of slices can also achieve comparable or even better results. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world for months. As its transmissibility and high pathogenicity seriously threaten people's lives, the accurate and fast detection of the COVID-19 infection is crucial. Although many recent studies have shown that deep learning based solutions can help detect COVID-19 based on chest CT scans, there lacks a consistent and systematic comparison and evaluation on these techniques. In this paper, we first build a clean and segmented CT dataset called Clean-CC-CCII by fixing the errors and removing some noises in a large CT scan dataset CC-CCII with three classes: novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), common pneumonia (CP), and normal controls (Normal). After cleaning, our dataset consists of a total of 340,190 slices of 3,993 scans from 2,698 patients. Then we benchmark and compare the performance of a series of state-of-the-art (SOTA) 3D and 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The results show that 3D CNNs outperform 2D CNNs in general. With extensive effort of hyperparameter tuning, we find that the 3D CNN model DenseNet3D121 achieves the highest accuracy of 88.63% (F1-score is 88.14% and AUC is 0.940), and another 3D CNN model ResNet3D34 achieves the best AUC of 0.959 (accuracy is 87.83% and F1-score is 86.04%). We further demonstrate that the mixup data augmentation technique can largely improve the model performance. At last, we design an automated deep learning methodology to generate a lightweight deep learning model MNas3DNet41 that achieves an accuracy of 87.14%, F1-score of 87.25%, and AUC of 0.957, which are on par with the best models made by AI experts. The automated deep learning design is a promising methodology that can help health-care professionals develop effective deep learning models using their private data sets. Our Clean-CC-CCII dataset and source code are available at: https://github.com/arthursdays/HKBU_HPML_COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.08.20125963v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125963 id: cord-260179-g9umdcn2 author: He, Zonglin title: Meteorological factors and domestic new cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in nine Asian cities: A time-series analysis date: 2020-04-18 words: 4638.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260179-g9umdcn2.txt summary: METHOD Pearson correlation and generalized additive modeling were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available. In most of the cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur), generalized additive modeling analysis showed the number of daily new confirmed cases was positively associated with both average temperature and relative humidity, especially in lagged 3d model, where a positive influence of temperature on the daily new confirmed cases was discerned in 5 cities except in Beijing, Wuhan, Korea, and Malaysia. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with a Poisson family and logarithm link function were used to estimate the associations of daily COVID-19 new cases with average temperature and relative humidity. The correlation between average temperature and relative humidity was found positive in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan, and negative in Beijing, Wuhan, Singapore, and Malaysia according to the pairwise Pearson correlation test ( Table 2) . abstract: AIM To investigate the associations of meteorological factors and the daily new cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in nine Asian cities. METHOD Pearson correlation and generalized additive modeling were performed to assess the relationships between daily new COVID-19 cases and meteorological factors (daily average temperature and relative humidity) with the most updated data currently available. RESULTS The Pearson correlation showed that daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 were more correlated with the average temperature than with relative humidity. Daily new confirmed cases were negatively correlated with the average temperature in Beijing (r=-0.565, P<0.01), Shanghai (r=-0.471, P<0.01), and Guangzhou (r=-0.530, P<0.01) , yet in contrast, positively correlated with that in Japan (r=0.441, P<0.01). In most of the cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Seoul, Tokyo, and Kuala Lumpur), generalized additive modeling analysis showed the number of daily new confirmed cases was positively associated with both average temperature and relative humidity, especially in lagged 3d model, where a positive influence of temperature on the daily new confirmed cases was discerned in 5 cities except in Beijing, Wuhan, Korea, and Malaysia. Nevertheless, the results were inconsistent across cities and lagged time, suggesting meteorological factors were unlikely to greatly influence the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSION The associations between meteorological factors and the number of COVID-19 daily cases are inconsistent across cities and lagged time. Large-scale public health measures and expanded regional research are still required until a vaccine becomes available and herd immunity is established. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20066613 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066613 id: cord-032751-pmclolvh author: Head, Katharine J. title: A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts date: 2020-09-23 words: 5086.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032751-pmclolvh.txt summary: Research Question 2: What are the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine behavioral intentions of adults in the U.S. when a health care provider recommends the vaccine? Importantly, because vaccine intent and/or need may be different for people who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and perceived threat variables (discussed below) are usually only measured for future threats, only participants who answered "no" to the question "do you believe that you''ve had COVID-19" are included in the current study (n = 3,159). Step 3 of the hierarchical regression model, with all variables included, less education was associated with lower intent to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The health belief variables that were significant in the full regression model were all positively associated with intent to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. abstract: With SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, research is needed to assess intention to vaccinate. We conducted a survey (N = 3,159) with U.S. adults in May 2020 assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions, intentions with a provider recommendation, and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables. Participants had high SARS-CoV-2 vaccine intentions (M = 5.23/7-point scale), which increased significantly with a provider recommendation (M = 5.47). Hierarchical linear regression showed that less education and working in health care were associated with lower intent, and liberal political views, altruism, and COVID-19-related health beliefs were associated with higher intent. This work can inform interventions to increase vaccine uptake, ultimately reducing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7520657/ doi: 10.1177/1075547020960463 id: cord-342767-n9ux7gqm author: Head, Michael G title: A real-time policy dashboard can aid global transparency in the response to coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-10 words: 1031.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342767-n9ux7gqm.txt summary: There has been great provision of open data across the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, with, for example, dashboards presenting real-time descriptions of new daily cases and risk factors. A ''policy dashboard'' could act as a hub to show the localised reasoning behind COVID-19 policy decisions and allow the global health community to provide further support to governments and international stakeholders. The University of Oxford has created an ''evidence service'', 7 while John Hopkins University hosts the dashboard of global cases 1 and we at the University of Southampton maintain a tracker of COVID-19 research and development funding decisions. G. Head the world, a policy dashboard can have the benefit of potentially allowing others to provide extra supporting analysis that can feed into real-time decision-making. Evidence informing the UK''s COVID-19 public health response must be transparent abstract: There has been great provision of open data across the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response, with, for example, dashboards presenting real-time descriptions of new daily cases and risk factors. Transparency has been an important discussion point and there have been concerns and criticisms of governments for not publishing the evidence base that is informing their decision-making. A ‘policy dashboard’ could act as a hub to show the localised reasoning behind COVID-19 policy decisions and allow the global health community to provide further support to governments and international stakeholders. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa039 doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa039 id: cord-307857-1xj0ys7c author: Headey, Derek title: Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality date: 2020-07-27 words: 1227.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307857-1xj0ys7c.txt summary: The unprecedented global social and economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic poses grave risks to the nutritional status and survival of young children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Of particular concern is an expected increase in child malnutrition, including wasting, due to steep declines in household incomes, changes in the availability and affordability of nutritious foods, and interruptions to health, nutrition, and social protection services. These efforts link three approaches to model the combined economic and health systems impacts from COVID-19 on malnutrition and mortality: MIRAGRODEP''s macroeconomic projections of impacts on per capita gross national income (GNI); 4 microeconomic estimates of how predicted GNI shocks impact child wasting using data on 1·26 million children from 177 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 52 LMICs between 1990-2018; 9 and the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), which links country-specific health services disruptions and predicted increases in wasting to child mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620316470 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31647-0 id: cord-322528-6r57pq8o author: Heald, Adrian H title: Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality date: 2020-10-18 words: 2347.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt summary: We calculated an Infection Risk Score (IRS) for a number of common activities and related it to the effectiveness of reducing infection and its consequences, with a face covering, and evaluated their effect when applied to different infection rates over 3 months from 24(th) July 2020, when face coverings were made compulsory in England on public transport/retail outlets. CONCLUSION: We have illustrated that the policy on mandatory use of face coverings in retail outlets/on public transport may have been very well followed, but may be of limited value in reducing hospital admissions and deaths, at least at the time that it was introduced, unless infections begin to rise faster than currently seen. We have modelled the potential impact of the use of face coverings worn in retail outlets and on public 336 transport on the number of UK COVID-19 infections and associated hospital admissions and mortality 337 rates. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The rapid spread of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2/)(COVID‐19) virus resulted in governments around the world instigating a range of measures, including mandating the wearing of face coverings on public transport/in retail outlets. METHODS: We developed a sequential assessment of the risk reduction provided by face coverings using a step‐by‐step approach. The United Kingdom Office of National Statistics (ONS) Population Survey data was utilised to determine the baseline total number of community‐derived infections. These were linked to reported hospital admissions/hospital deaths to create case admission risk ratio and admission‐related fatality rate. We evaluated published evidence to establish an infection risk reduction for face coverings. We calculated an Infection Risk Score (IRS) for a number of common activities and related it to the effectiveness of reducing infection and its consequences, with a face covering, and evaluated their effect when applied to different infection rates over 3 months from 24(th) July 2020, when face coverings were made compulsory in England on public transport/retail outlets. RESULTS: We show that only 7.3% of all community‐based infection risk is associated with public transport/retail outlets. In the week of 24(th) July, The reported weekly community infection rate was 29,400 new cases at the start (24th July). The rate of growth in hospital admissions and deaths for England was around ‐15%/week, suggesting the infection rate, R, in the most vulnerable populations was just above 0.8. In this situation, average infections over the evaluated 13 week follow‐up period, would be 9,517/week with face covering of 40% effectiveness, thus reducing average infections by 844/week, hospital admissions by 8/week and deaths by 0.6/week; a fall of 9% over the period total. If, however, the R‐value rises to 1.0, then average community infections would stay at 29,400/week and mandatory face coverings could reduce average weekly infections by 3,930, hospital admissions by 36 and deaths by 2.9/week; a 13% reduction. If the R‐value rose and stayed at 1.2, then expected average community‐derived hospital admissions would be 975/week and 40% effective face coverings would reduce this by 167/week and reduce possible expected hospital deaths from 80/week to 66/week. These reductions should be seen in the context that there was an average of 102,000/week all‐cause hospital emergency admissions in England in June and 8,900 total reported deaths in the week ending 7th August 2020. CONCLUSION: We have illustrated that the policy on mandatory use of face coverings in retail outlets/on public transport may have been very well followed, but may be of limited value in reducing hospital admissions and deaths, at least at the time that it was introduced, unless infections begin to rise faster than currently seen. The impact appears small compared to all other sources of risk, thereby raising questions regarding the effectiveness of the policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13768 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13768 id: cord-333797-six8wzxz author: Heaney, Ashley I. title: Newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-06 words: 900.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333797-six8wzxz.txt summary: J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 infections and diabetes have been linked since early reports identified patients with diabetes mellitus having worse clinical outcomes. 2 However, there has only been one case reported on COVID-19 infection precipitating a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II. Testing in the ED revealed hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria which confirmed the patient to be in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We report a case of DKA precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. There has been one prior case report of DKA and new onset diabetes mellitus in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Patients with elevated blood sugar and no history of diabetes should be evaluated for the possibility of new onset diabetes mellitus and DKA, especially in the setting of concomitant COVID-19 infection. Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720304885?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.114 id: cord-283612-tzaa82kb author: Hedima, Erick Wesley title: Community Pharmacists: On the frontline of health service against COVID-19 in LMICs date: 2020-04-17 words: 2155.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283612-tzaa82kb.txt summary: Therefore, in the midst of a public health crisis of the current magnitude, it is crucial to examine roles and activities that community pharmacists can undertake to help in relieving pressure and providing cushion in other areas of the health service, such as general practice and emergency departments. The medication distribution system in Nigeria is in a state of chaos and consists of open drug markets, and the activities of patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PMV), community pharmacies, private and public hospitals, importer, distributors and wholesalers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers. 10 According to World Health Organisation (WHO), rational use of drugs necessitate that patients receive ''medicines appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses, that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community''. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak is a global public health crisis which has affected healthcare practice across professions. In the context of this pandemic, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists. Community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public and have a lot to offer amid the COVID-19 response. This have led to significant changes in the health systems of many countries. This article seeks to highlight additional roles and activities relating to the public health response that can be undertaken by community pharmacists that could help to reduce pressure on general practice and other areas of the health service. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.013 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.013 id: cord-325565-cz9f65ca author: Heederik, Dick J.J. title: Go slow to go fast: A plea for sustained scientific rigor in air pollution research during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 words: 2060.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325565-cz9f65ca.txt summary: The second study used European data and, based on simple correlation analyses, associated long term (Jan-Feb 2020) exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the troposphere (resolution ~7*3.5km), assessed using satellite data, and absolute numbers of COVID-19-related deaths. [5] Positive associations were seen between levels of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide and increased COVID-19 mortality and reported number of cases, without adjustment for population size, age distribution or other confounding variables. In particular the two ecological studies which crudely correlate reported numbers of COVID-19 cases or mortality to regional air pollution levels ignored the time of introduction of COVID-19 in the different areas, did not take into account disease dynamics in any way, and ignored basic epidemiologic principles by using inadequate measures of disease frequency. The effect of air pollution on disease prognosis can be studied using more conventional approaches after COVID-19 infection. abstract: Present studies on the role of air pollution and COVID-19 spread and prognosis in patients do not fulfill quality criteria and are at present not sufficiently informative. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01361-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01361-2020 id: cord-343357-5nhyumxl author: Heegaard, Peter M. H. title: Animal Models for COVID-19: More to the Picture Than ACE2, Rodents, Ferrets, and Non-human Primates. A Case for Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus and the Obese Ossabaw Pig date: 2020-09-25 words: 3446.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343357-5nhyumxl.txt summary: We urge considering infection with porcine respiratory coronavirus of metabolic syndrome pigs, such as the obese Ossabaw pig, as a highly relevant animal model of severe COVID-19. Cytokine storm in the lungs and inflammation are suggested as essential for the escalating and prolonged lung disease observed in severely affected COVID-19 patients, as is also the case for other severe human coronavirus infections like SARS and MERS (Mehta et al., 2020) . We hypothesize that disease severity will increase in obese Ossabaw pigs infected with PRCV compared to pigs of normal weight, and hence will constitute a useful model for severe COVID-19 in humans at risk due to metabolic syndrome associated comorbidities, including aged individuals. With the added benefit of being a well-described pig-specific virus (with no rigorous biosafety demands), we suggest that the obese pig affected by the metabolic syndrome will constitute a highly human-translatable animal model having the potential to significantly facilitate and accelerate SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 research. abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has created an urgent need for animal models to enable study of basic infection and disease mechanisms and for development of vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. Most research on animal models for COVID-19 has been directed toward rodents, transgenic rodents, and non-human primates. The primary focus has been on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Among investigated species, irrespective of ACE2 spike protein binding, only mild (or no) disease has occurred following infection with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that ACE2 may be necessary for infection but is not sufficient to determine the outcome of infection. The common trait of all species investigated as COVID models is their healthy status prior to virus challenge. In contrast, the vast majority of severe COVID-19 cases occur in people with chronic comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and/or cardiovascular disease. Healthy pigs express ACE2 protein that binds the viral spike protein but they are not susceptible to infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, certain pig breeds, such as the Ossabaw pig, can reproducibly be made obese and show most aspects of the metabolic syndrome, thus resembling the more than 80% of the critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals. We urge considering infection with porcine respiratory coronavirus of metabolic syndrome pigs, such as the obese Ossabaw pig, as a highly relevant animal model of severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.573756 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.573756 id: cord-331428-6pvr2vew author: Heffernan, Kevin S. title: Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: on PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy date: 2020-08-17 words: 1835.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331428-6pvr2vew.txt summary: Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), possibly contributing to lipotoxicity, inflammation and untoward respiratory effects. While we all eagerly await the development of a vaccine, scientists and clinicians have begun exploring "off-label" use of various drugs with that hope that strategic repurposing may help manage and treat COVID-19.(1) Fenofibrate (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist) is one such medication that holds promise given its favorable effects on inflammation and endothelial function. This paper will explore the hypothesis that exercise may be a useful adjuvant in a setting of COVID-19 management/rehabilitation due to its effects on PPAR and vascular endothelial function. (3) Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating PPAR, possibly contributing to lipotoxicity and untoward respiratory effects. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonists Increase Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have a metabolic origin given strong links with risk factors such as lipids and glucose and co-morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein mediates viral cellular entry via the ACE2 receptor. The cytoplasmic tail of this spike protein is heavily palmitoylated. Emerging studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 alters lipid metabolism in the lung epithelial cells by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), possibly contributing to lipotoxicity, inflammation and untoward respiratory effects. Disruption of this process may affect palmitoylation of SARS-CoV spike protein and thus infectivity and viral assembly. COVID-19 is also increasingly being recognized as a vascular disease, with several studies noting prominent systemic endothelial dysfunction. The pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction may also be linked to COVID-19-mediated metabolic and inflammatory effects. Herein, exercise will be compared to fenofibrate as a possible therapeutic strategy to bolster resilience against (and help manage recovery from) COVID-19. This paper will explore the hypothesis that exercise may be a useful adjuvant in a setting of COVID-19 management/rehabilitation due to its effects on PPARα and vascular endothelial function. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017906/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110197 id: cord-256542-v8cyfo66 author: Heffner, Joseph title: Emotional responses to prosocial messages increase willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2021-02-15 words: 5970.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256542-v8cyfo66.txt summary: While results show that both types of appeals increased willingness to self-isolate (Cohen''s d = 0.41), compared to the threat message, the efficacy of the prosocial message was more dependent on the magnitude of the evoked emotional response on both arousal and valence dimensions. While widespread and rapid adoption of preventative measures is unlikely to occur without messages that include emotional appeals (Myers, Nisbet, Maibach, & Leiserowitz, 2012) , it is crucial that current public health officials and researchers understand the relationship between emotional engagement and different persuasive messages related to Despite the complexity of the relationship between emotion and behavior, some media outlets have been leveraging fear language in order to motivate people to stay home and socially distance. However, because of the inconsistent relationship between evoked fear and behavioral change in prior research, we were agnostic as to whether stronger valence and arousal reactions to the threat intervention, compared to the prosocial intervention, would result in more willingness to self-isolate regarding COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic may be one of the greatest modern societal challenges that requires widespread collective action and cooperation. While a handful of actions can help reduce pathogen transmission, one critical behavior is to self-isolate. Public health messages often use persuasive language to change attitudes and behaviors, which can evoke a wide range of negative and positive emotional responses. In a U.S. representative sample (N = 955), we presented two messages that leveraged either threatening or prosocial persuasive language, and measured self-reported emotional reactions and willingness to self-isolate. Although emotional responses to the interventions were highly heterogeneous, personality traits known to be linked with distinct emotional experiences (extraversion and neuroticism) explained significant variance in the arousal response. While results show that both types of appeals increased willingness to self-isolate (Cohen's d = 0.41), compared to the threat message, the efficacy of the prosocial message was more dependent on the magnitude of the evoked emotional response on both arousal and valence dimensions. Together, these results imply that prosocial appeals have the potential to be associated with greater compliance if they evoke highly positive emotional responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110420 doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110420 id: cord-260456-kjmab3og author: Hegde, Shruti title: Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-10-28 words: 1856.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260456-kjmab3og.txt summary: title: Massive Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Case Report On bedside TTE, there was evidence of right heart strain and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 45 mmHg. All data was indicative of a massive APE as the etiology for his hemodynamic collapse. Furthermore, timely diagnosis can be made to aid in appropriate management with the help of bedside TTE and ECG in cases where CTPA is not feasible secondary to the patient''s hemodynamic instability. (1) Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia are hypercoagulable and are at risk for acute pulmonary embolism (APE). (2) Massive acute pulmonary embolism should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for sudden and rapid hemodynamic decline in patients with COVID-19. (3) Critical care bedside echocardiography along with other clinical indicators helps in timely diagnosis and thus treatment of APE in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which is lifesaving. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are hypercoagulable and are at risk for acute pulmonary embolism. Timely diagnosis is imperative for their prognosis and recovery. This case describes an otherwise healthy 55-year-old man with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Massive acute pulmonary embolism with right heart failure complicated his course. CASE: A healthy 55-year-old man presented to our emergency department (ED) with a sore throat, cough, and myalgia. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained, and he was discharged for home quarantine. His swab turned positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) on day 2 of his ED visit. A week later, he represented with worsening shortness of breath, requiring intubation for hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Initially, he was easy to oxygenate, had no hemodynamic compromise, and was afebrile. On day 3, he became febrile and developed significant hemodynamic instability requiring maximum vasopressor support and oxygenation difficulty. His ECG revealed sinus tachycardia with S1Q3T3 pattern. On bedside TTE, there was evidence of right heart strain and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 45 mmHg. All data was indicative of a massive APE as the etiology for his hemodynamic collapse. A decision was made to forgo computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), given his clinical instability, and systemic thrombolytic therapy was administered. Within the next 12-24 hours, his hemodynamic status significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of considering massive APE in COVID-19 patients as a cause of the sudden and rapid hemodynamic decline. Furthermore, timely diagnosis can be made to aid in appropriate management with the help of bedside TTE and ECG in cases where CTPA is not feasible secondary to the patient's hemodynamic instability. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875330 doi: 10.1155/2020/8875330 id: cord-119275-2mhsp6jn author: Heidarian, Shahin title: CT-CAPS: Feature Extraction-based Automated Framework for COVID-19 Disease Identification from Chest CT Scans using Capsule Networks date: 2020-10-30 words: 3643.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119275-2mhsp6jn.txt summary: Contributions: In this paper, we propose a fully automated framework based on Capsule Networks [9] , referred to as the "CT-CAPS", to represent each slice of a CT scan by a small feature map to distinguish COVID-19 cases from non-COVID (CAP and normal) cases. [20] proposed a two-stage method consisting of a sophisticated lung infection segmentation model, trained on a manually annotated chest CT scan dataset, followed by a 3D ResNet18 classification model [22] to classify patients into COVID-19, CAP, and normal cases. [23] fed a 3D CNN-based classifier with lung regions, segmented by a pre-trained U-Net [24] , achieving accuracy of 90.1%, sensitivity of 84.0%, and specificity of 98.2% on a dataset containing only COVID-19 and normal cases. [26] proposed a fully automated framework using a ResNet50 as the backbone to extract slice-level features followed by max pooling and fully connected dense layers for the ultimate goal of patientlevel classification achieving the sensitivities of 90%, 87%, and 94% for COVID-19, CAP, and normal cases, respectively. abstract: The global outbreak of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) disease has drastically impacted the world and led to one of the most challenging crisis across the globe since World War II. The early diagnosis and isolation of COVID-19 positive cases are considered as crucial steps towards preventing the spread of the disease and flattening the epidemic curve. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a highly sensitive, rapid, and accurate diagnostic technique that can complement Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. Recently, deep learning-based models, mostly based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), have shown promising diagnostic results. CNNs, however, are incapable of capturing spatial relations between image instances and require large datasets. Capsule Networks, on the other hand, can capture spatial relations, require smaller datasets, and have considerably fewer parameters. In this paper, a Capsule network framework, referred to as the"CT-CAPS", is presented to automatically extract distinctive features of chest CT scans. These features, which are extracted from the layer before the final capsule layer, are then leveraged to differentiate COVID-19 from Non-COVID cases. The experiments on our in-house dataset of 307 patients show the state-of-the-art performance with the accuracy of 90.8%, sensitivity of 94.5%, and specificity of 86.0%. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.16043v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-195263-i4wyhque author: Heider, Philipp title: COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date: 2020-05-11 words: 4353.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt txt: ./txt/cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt summary: In a publication by Chowell et Al (4), published in October 2016, for example, the dynamics of epidemics were examined using various basic concepts Advanced SIR models were used to determine how the predicted number of cases and the number of reproductions change over time and differ when exponential growth is assumed on the one hand and subexponential/polynomial growth on the other in a generalized growth model. It is difficult to estimate how credible the simulations of the pandemic models currently are, so it remains to be seen whether the spread of the pandemic can be effectively reduced by the measures taken. It is difficult to estimate how credible the simulations of the pandemic models currently are, so it remains to be seen whether the spread of the pandemic can be effectively reduced by the measures taken. abstract: In December 2019, the first patients in Wuhan, China were diagnosed with a primary atypical pneumonia, which showed to be unknown and contagious. Since then, known as COVID-19 disease, the responsible viral pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world in a pandemic. Decisions on how to deal with the crisis are often based on simulations of the pandemic spread of the virus. The results of some of these, as well as their methodology and possibilities for improvement, will be described in more detail in this paper in order to inform beyond the current public health dogma called"flatten-the-curve". There are several ways to model an epidemic in order to simulate the spread of diseases. Depending on the timeliness, scope and quality of the associated real data, these multivariable models differ in the value of used parameters, but also in the selection of considered influencing factors. It was exemplarily shown that epidemics in their course are simulated more realistically by models that assume subexponential growth. Furthermore, various simulations of the COVID-19 pandemic were presented in an European perspective, compared against each other and discussed in more detail. It is difficult to estimate how credible the simulations of the pandemic models currently are, so it remains to be seen whether the spread of the pandemic can be effectively reduced by the measures taken. Whether a model works well in reality is largely determined by the quality and scope of its underlying data. Past studies have shown that countermeasures are able to reduce reproduction numbers or transmission rates in epidemics. In addition to that, the presented modelling study provides a good framework for the creation of subexponential-growth-models for assessing the spread of COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05249v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-252694-36ijqwge author: Heidinger, Benedikt H. title: Radiologische Manifestationen von Lungenerkrankungen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-09-08 words: 2948.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252694-36ijqwge.txt summary: Der Referenzstandard für die Diagnose von COVID-19 ist eine positive "reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction" (RT-PCR) eines Nasen-/ Rachenabstriches oder einer Probe tiefen Bronchialsekrets [4] . Mehrere medizinische und radiologische Fachgesellschaften haben Empfehlungen für die Anwendung der verschiedenen Bildgebungsmodalitäten bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf oder bereits nachgewiesener SARS-CoV-2 publiziert [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . Sollten sich COVID-19-typische Lungenveränderungen als Zufallsbefund bei respiratorisch asymptomatischen Patienten zeigen, ist eine Bestätigung der Diagnose mittels RT-PCR notwendig [7, 8] . Im Thoraxröntgen untypisch für COVID-19 sind Kavitationen und Pleuraergüsse, die hinweisend auf Komplikationen oder andere Diagnosen wie beispielswei-se eine kardiale Dekompensation sein können [19] . Besteht jedoch eine hohe klinische Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für COVID-19, beispielsweise bei typischen klinischen Symptomen und bekanntem Kontakt zu einer SARS-CoV2-positiven Person oder einer hohen Erkrankungsprävalenz in der Bevölkerung, sind diese jedoch als wahrscheinlich für das Vorliegen einer COVID-19-Pneumonie zu werten. abstract: CLINICAL ISSUE: Since its emergence in late 2019, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, termed COVID-19, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Reference standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. While the RT-PCR shows a high specificity, its sensitivity depends on the duration of symptoms, viral load, quality of the sample, and the assay used. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS: Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) of the chest are the imaging modalities primarily used for assessment of the lung manifestations, extent, and complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. PERFORMANCE: Sensitivity and specificity of chest radiography is low. While sensitivity of CT for detecting COVID-19 pneumonia is high—averaging around 90%—its specificity is low—between 25 and 33%. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: Indications for imaging in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 infection should be carefully considered to minimize the risk of infection for medical personnel and other patients. Imaging, particularly CT, can assess disease extent, complications, and differential diagnoses. COVID-19 pneumonia typically presents with bilateral, subpleural areas of ground glass opacifications with or without consolidations. During the course of the disease features resembling organizing pneumonia can occur. Follow-up examinations after recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia should focus on fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897438/ doi: 10.1007/s00117-020-00749-4 id: cord-314767-iyvsxfsa author: Held, Michael B. title: Response to letter to the editor on “Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic.” date: 2020-09-11 words: 379.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314767-iyvsxfsa.txt summary: Title: Response to letter to the editor on "Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 1 pandemic." 2 3 Title: Response to letter to the editor on "Elective orthopaedic surgeries during COVID-19 1 pandemic." 2 3 We would like to thank the authors for their thoughtful review and commentary on our 4 manuscript entitled "Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 5 our 9 case differs from an elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA), as we presented a critically ill, 10 decompensated patient with active COVID-19 disease and an acute femoral neck fracture In conclusion, we appreciate the thoughtful response by the authors regarding our manuscript 44 describing a deliberate delay in surgery in a patient requiring THA with COVID-19. Timing and Tips for Total Hip 52 Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report Hip Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2020.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.09.001 id: cord-297432-2edncbgn author: Helleberg, Marie title: Persistent COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient Temporarily Responsive to Two Courses of Remdesivir Therapy date: 2020-07-23 words: 2390.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297432-2edncbgn.txt summary: A man in his fifties treated with chemoimmunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia experienced a 9-week course of COVID-19 with high fever and severe viral pneumonia. Recently, preliminary results of the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT), a multicenter randomized controlled trial of remdesivir versus placebo for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients, demonstrated that remdesivir reduced time to recovery, in particular for those not yet having experienced respiratory failure with need for assisted ventilation [1] . We here report the clinical course and findings in an immunocompromised patient with remission of COVID-19 during treatment with remdesivir but relapse soon after discontinuation. We present a case of severe COVID-19 in a patient with B-and T-lymphocyte impairment secondary to CLL treated with chemoimmunotherapy 3 months prior to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The course and findings in this clinical case suggest that remdesivir has a rapid onset of action and can suppress, but may not eradicate, SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients. abstract: The antiviral drug remdesivir has been shown clinically effective for treatment of COVID-19. We here demonstrate suppressive but not curative effect of remdesivir in an immunocompromised patient. A man in his fifties treated with chemoimmunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia experienced a 9-week course of COVID-19 with high fever and severe viral pneumonia. During two 10-day courses of remdesivir starting 24 and 45 days after fever onset, pneumonia and spiking fevers remitted, but relapsed after discontinuation. Kinetics of temperature, C-reactive protein, and lymphocyte counts mirrored the remitting/relapsing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Combination therapy or longer treatment duration may be needed in immunocompromised patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32702095/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa446 id: cord-286298-pn9nwl64 author: Helmy, Yosra A. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date: 2020-04-24 words: 9290.0 sentences: 516.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt summary: Another group of researchers reported that the virus originated from bats based on the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, which is 96% identical to bat coronavirus RaTG13. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) travel to or contact with individuals who have recently visited Wuhan, China, or other places experiencing an outbreak; (2) close contact with persons who are diagnosed positive for the disease, such as healthcare workers caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2; (3) contact with droplets and secretions (produced by sneezing or coughing) from an infected person and eating or handling wild animals native to China such as bats. abstract: A pneumonia outbreak with unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019, associated with the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The causative agent of the outbreak was identified by the WHO as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), producing the disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The virus is closely related (96.3%) to bat coronavirus RaTG13, based on phylogenetic analysis. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. The virus has spread to at least 200 countries, and more than 1,700,000 confirmed cases and 111,600 deaths have been recorded, with massive global increases in the number of cases daily. Therefore, the WHO has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease is characterized by fever, dry cough, and chest pain with pneumonia in severe cases. In the beginning, the world public health authorities tried to eradicate the disease in China through quarantine but are now transitioning to prevention strategies worldwide to delay its spread. To date, there are no available vaccines or specific therapeutic drugs to treat the virus. There are many knowledge gaps about the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, leading to misinformation. Therefore, in this review, we provide recent information about the COVID-19 pandemic. This review also provides insights for the control of pathogenic infections in humans such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and future spillovers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344679/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9041225 id: cord-291773-m65bhfzt author: Helton, Gabrielle title: “Definitely Mixed Feelings:” The effect of COVID-19 on bereavement in parents of children who died from cancer date: 2020-09-02 words: 3256.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291773-m65bhfzt.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine ways in which COVID-19 has affected the bereavement experiences of parents whose children died from cancer prior to the pandemic. During the interview, which focused on examining the current support for parents and other family members within the first several years following the child''s death, participants were asked how COVID-19 has impacted their life and bereavement. Eleven codes were used to describe interview segments; the most commonly used codes were ''change in support,'' ''no effect, ''familiarity with uncertainty/ability to cope'' and ''change in contact with care/research team.'' CONCLUSION: Parents identified multiple and variable ways – both positive, negative and neutral – how COVID-19 has affected their bereavement. abstract: CONTEXT: COVID-19 has impacted most elements of daily life, including the provision of support following a child’s death and the experience of parental bereavement. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine ways in which COVID-19 has affected the bereavement experiences of parents whose children died from cancer prior to the pandemic. METHODS: Parents who participated in a survey-based study examining the early grief experience were invited to complete a semi-structured interview. During the interview, which focused on examining the current support for parents and other family members within the first several years following the child’s death, participants were asked how COVID-19 has impacted their life and bereavement. RESULTS: Fifteen of thirty-three eligible parents completed the interview; 14 were White and non-Hispanic, 5 were male. Parents participated an average of 19 (range 12-34) months after their child’s death. COVID-19 was addressed in 13 interviews. Eleven codes were used to describe interview segments; the most commonly used codes were ‘change in support,’ ‘no effect, ’familiarity with uncertainty/ability to cope’ and ‘change in contact with care/research team.’ CONCLUSION: Parents identified multiple and variable ways – both positive, negative and neutral – how COVID-19 has affected their bereavement. While many parents commented on feeling more isolated because of the inability to connect with family or attend in-person support groups, others acknowledged their experience has made them uniquely positioned to cope with the uncertainty of the current situation. Clinicians must find innovative ways to connect with and support bereaved parents during this unique time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0885392420307223 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.035 id: cord-279456-oouylyx9 author: Henchi, Sonia title: First COVID-19 sub-intensive respiratory unit in Europe: the Italian experience date: 2020-06-23 words: 1501.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279456-oouylyx9.txt summary: European SARS-CoV-2 pandemic epicenter was detected in Northern Italy, in a little Italian town of Lodi province, the Lodi Hospital was therefore rapidly saturated, and in particularly the departments of respiratory diseases and Intensive Care Unit had been largely involved. In this paper, we describe how the first Sub-intensive Respiratory Unit in Europe completely dedicated to COVID-19 patients was organized and managed in our hospital. SARS-CoV-2 related disease, COVID-19, presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2] . In UTISIR were admitted patients testing positive to SARS-CoV-2 throat swab with phenotype 3,4,5, ICU patients weaned from intubation, with tracheostomy and transferred from other low-intensity care departments of the hospital, when appropriated. 4. Respiratory failure with suspected ARDS or severe pneumonia: CPAP or intubation required → hospitalization in COVID-19 ICU or COVID19 UTISIR. abstract: European SARS-CoV-2 pandemic epicenter was detected in Northern Italy, in a little Italian town of Lodi province, the Lodi Hospital was therefore rapidly saturated, and in particularly the departments of respiratory diseases and Intensive Care Unit had been largely involved. In this paper, we describe how the first Sub-intensive Respiratory Unit in Europe completely dedicated to COVID-19 patients was organized and managed in our hospital. From February 25(th) to April 30(th) 2020, 156 patients were admitted to our Respiratory Sub-intensive Unit. Among them, 100 were discharged, 28 dead and 28 transferred to ICU for intubation. url: https://doi.org/10.4081/mrm.2020.682 doi: 10.4081/mrm.2020.682 id: cord-293367-0fe62h2f author: Henderson, Lauren A. title: American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in COVID‐19. Version 1 date: 2020-07-23 words: 6229.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293367-0fe62h2f.txt summary: Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan China, coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic affecting millions of lives.(1) Unlike adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms. Reports in the literature and unpublished observations by members of the panel both note that some patients with MIS-C can decompensate rapidly; however, the risk factors that predispose patients to such severe and progressive illness have not been identified.(10, 13) Accordingly, children with abnormal vital signs, concerning physical examination findings, significantly elevated inflammatory markers, or signs of cardiac involvement will need to be admitted to the hospital for supportive care while Tier 2 testing is completed. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance on the management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C), a condition characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction that manifests late in the course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The Task Force also provided recommendations for children with hyperinflammation during COVID‐19, the acute, infectious phase of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. METHODS: The Task Force was composed of 9 pediatric rheumatologists, 2 adult rheumatologists, 2 pediatric cardiologists, 2 pediatric infectious disease specialists, and 1 pediatric critical care physician. Preliminary statements addressing clinical questions related to MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19 were developed based on evidence reports. Consensus was built through a modified Delphi process that involved 2 rounds of anonymous voting and 2 webinars. A 9‐point scale was used to determine the appropriateness of each statement (1‐3, inappropriate; 4‐6, uncertain; 7‐9, appropriate), and consensus was rated as low (L), moderate (M), or high (H) based on dispersion of the votes along the numeric scale. Approved guidance statements had to be classified as appropriate with moderate or high levels of consensus, which were pre‐specified prior to voting. RESULTS: A total of 128 statements were approved by the Task Force, which were refined into 40 final guidance statements accompanied by a flow diagram depicting the diagnostic pathway for MIS‐C. CONCLUSION: Our understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2‐related syndromes in the pediatric population continues to evolve. This guidance document reflects currently available evidence coupled with expert opinion but is meant to be modified as additional data become available. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41454 doi: 10.1002/art.41454 id: cord-328062-84pdw6p3 author: Hendl, Tereza title: Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps date: 2020-08-25 words: 3231.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328062-84pdw6p3.txt summary: It is, thus, of crucial importance to interrogate vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and ensure that the development, implementation, and data use of this surveillance technology avoids exacerbating vulnerability and the risk of harm to surveilled subpopulations, while maintaining the benefits of data collection across the whole population. In this context, for a comprehensive risk-benefit evaluation it is crucial to interrogate racial inequality and vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and related public health and safety measures. The evidence of racial inequality and vulnerability in the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing policing should further the critique of centralized surveillance technologies which risk adding pathogenic to situational vulnerabilities in marginalized individuals. Thus, it is even more important to collect data about infectious diseases in all subpopulations and ensure that pandemic surveillance technology and public health measures are grounded in robust ethical values, including justice and a commitment to mitigate vulnerability of the most disadvantaged and at-risk individuals and subpopulations. abstract: Debates about effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have emphasized the paramount importance of digital tracing technology in suppressing the disease. So far, discussions about the ethics of this technology have focused on privacy concerns, efficacy, and uptake. However, important issues regarding power imbalances and vulnerability also warrant attention. As demonstrated in other forms of digital surveillance, vulnerable subpopulations pay a higher price for surveillance measures. There is reason to worry that some types of COVID-19 technology might lead to the employment of disproportionate profiling, policing, and criminalization of marginalized groups. It is, thus, of crucial importance to interrogate vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and ensure that the development, implementation, and data use of this surveillance technology avoids exacerbating vulnerability and the risk of harm to surveilled subpopulations, while maintaining the benefits of data collection across the whole population. This paper outlines the major challenges and a set of values that should be taken into account when implementing disease surveillance technology in the pandemic response. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10034-7 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10034-7 id: cord-350200-1w5u3w8i author: Hendren, Elizabeth M. title: An Interprofessional Approach in Caring for a Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis with COVID-19 in Toronto, Canada: An Educational Case Report date: 2020-09-08 words: 3322.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350200-1w5u3w8i.txt summary: INTERVENTIONS: An interprofessional team was established, performing rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement cycles to improve screening practices and promote the safety of patients and staff in the hemodialysis unit. It required concerted efforts of the interprofessional team and implementation of rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to continuously adapt our screening and infection control protocols as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, implementing knowledge of viral transmission patterns in each cycle to maintain the safety of our staff and patients in the early phases of this pandemic. Because it was early on in the pandemic, we had not yet established a COVID-19 dialysis protocol in our institution; thus, arrangements were made to have the patient admitted to hospital until isolation practices could be put into place in the outpatient dialysis setting. There were multiple lessons learned from this experience, including complications of COVID-19 critical illness, strategies for discharge planning, and infection control for a novel infectious agent in the outpatient HD setting. abstract: RATIONALE: Hemodialysis patients are at significant risk from COVID-19 due to their frequent interaction with the health care system and medical comorbidities. We followed up the trajectory of the first COVID-19–positive maintenance hemodialysis patient at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto. We present the lessons learned and changes in practices that occurred to prevent an outbreak in our center. PRESENTING CONCERNS OF THE PATIENT: The patient, a 66-year-old woman on in-center hemodialysis, initially presented with a 2-day history of a productive cough. She subsequently developed a fever, was placed on contact and droplet isolation, and admitted to hospital. DIAGNOSES: On March 13, 2020, the patient tested positive for COVID-19. Within the next 48 hours, she developed hypoxia and acute respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of her illness requiring an extended critical care stay. This extended critical care stay resulted in critical illness–associated secondary sclerosing cholangitis. INTERVENTIONS: An interprofessional team was established, performing rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement cycles to improve screening practices and promote the safety of patients and staff in the hemodialysis unit. OUTCOMES: We present here the lessons learned, the changes to our screening protocols, and the clinical course of our first in-center hemodialysis patient with SARS-CoV-2. TEACHING POINTS: Regular review of the infection screening processes is paramount in preventing outbreaks of COVID-19, particularly in hemodialysis units. Hospital admission should be arranged if a patient exhibits any clinical signs of hemodynamic compromise or hypoxia. Early education for health care practitioners caring for patients with COVID-19 and refresher information regarding personal protective equipment helped promote the safety of staff and prevent health care–associated outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358120957473 doi: 10.1177/2054358120957473 id: cord-325593-ww2vq3n4 author: Hendren, Nicholas S. title: Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 words: 1298.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325593-ww2vq3n4.txt summary: However, to our knowledge, a framework describing the variable presentations of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 within the broader spectrum of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been previously proposed. First, the prevalence of mixed cardiopulmonary disease as assessed by elevated cardiac troponin levels, is variable, but occurs in 10-25% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 3, 4 . ACovCS with cardiac predominate disease may be more apparent at hospital presentation relative to mixed cardiopulmonary disease because the predominate cardiac manifestations (e.g. chest pain due to a myocardial infarction) often results in symptoms which lead patients to seek emergent care. Just as there is variability in cardiac presentations of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection overall has a wide spectrum of disease penetrance with many patients displaying few to no symptoms, while an unfortunate minority develop severe life limiting disease. Other factors which may influence the variable presentation of COVID-19 include mutations in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 virus though it remains uncertain whether such observations explain the regional differences in the outcomes of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32417379/ doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.05.006 id: cord-344853-s2p2csrx author: Hendren, Nicholas S. title: Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome date: 2020-04-16 words: 6688.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344853-s2p2csrx.txt summary: A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. S ince the index cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic infecting >1 million individuals by early April 2020. In this document, we focus on a prominent myocarditis-like syndrome involving acute myocardial injury often associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Additional studies, including collection of endomyocardial tissue by biopsy and autopsy studies, are required to delineate the pattern and proportion of ACovCS related to acute myocarditis versus general myocardial injury caused by systemic cytokine dysregulation. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The cause of this injury is uncertain but is suspected to be related to myocarditis, microvascular injury, systemic cytokine-mediated injury, or stress-related cardiomyopathy. Although histologically unproven, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has the potential to directly replicate within cardiomyocytes and pericytes, leading to viral myocarditis. Systemically elevated cytokines are also known to be cardiotoxic and have the potential to result in profound myocardial injury. Prior experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 has helped expedite the evaluation of several promising therapies, including antiviral agents, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and convalescent serum. Management of acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome should involve a multidisciplinary team including intensive care specialists, infectious disease specialists, and cardiologists. Priorities for managing acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome include balancing the goals of minimizing healthcare staff exposure for testing that will not change clinical management with early recognition of the syndrome at a time point at which intervention may be most effective. This article aims to review the best available data on acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. From these data, we propose a surveillance, diagnostic, and management strategy that balances potential patient risks and healthcare staff exposure with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297796/ doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047349 id: cord-335185-3qi29i6n author: Hendry, Bruce M. title: Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-07-26 words: 2474.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335185-3qi29i6n.txt summary: It is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and through Adenosine A2A Receptor‐mediated pathways reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma and may act to reduce tissue damage during the cytokine storm host response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. 13 The actions of pentoxifylline in reducing lung damage appear to be mediated by its effect on the adenosine receptor A2AR pathways. 28 The predominant effect of pentoxifylline via A2AR pathways on both lung macrophages and immune cells is anti-inflammatory, with reduced TNF alpha, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 levels and increased Interleukin-10 levels. 29 If the theoretical therapeutic benefit of pentoxifylline for COVID-19 based on its anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor effect is clinically demonstrable, it may prove to be an inexpensive, and readily available, treatment strategy to target harmful cytokine excess in this disease. Pentoxifylline is an inexpensive and widely available oral anti-tumour necrosis factor agent for prevention or treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19 abstract: We propose a new hypothesis that the established drug pentoxifylline deserves attention as a potential repurposed therapeutic for COVID‐19. Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulator with anti‐inflammatory properties. It is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and through Adenosine A2A Receptor‐mediated pathways reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma and may act to reduce tissue damage during the cytokine storm host response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This agent has been used clinically for many years and has a favorable profile of safety and tolerability. Pre‐clinical data support pentoxifylline as effective in cytokine‐driven lung damage. Clinical studies of pentoxifylline in radiation and cytokine‐induced lung damage in humans are positive and consistent with anti‐inflammatory efficacy. Pentoxifylline is a readily available, off‐patent and inexpensive drug, suitable for large‐scale use including in resource‐limited countries. Current trials of therapeutics are largely focused on the inhibition of viral processes. We advocate urgent randomized trials of pentoxifylline for COVID‐19 as a complementary approach to target the host responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32715661/ doi: 10.1002/prp2.631 id: cord-252727-9v2zr75m author: Henry, Brandon Michael title: Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort date: 2020-08-21 words: 3432.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252727-9v2zr75m.txt summary: title: Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Predicts COVID-19 Severity: A Prospective, Observational Study from the Cincinnati SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Department Cohort Since previous evidence has demonstrated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) may be a useful prognostic parameter in many critical illnesses and infectious diseases, we investigated the utility of RDW for monitoring patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In critically ill patients with sepsis, baseline RDW has been shown to be a significant and independent predictor of mortality [6] , while another recent study reported elevated RDW was associated with decreased ventilator free days in the intensive care unit [7] . In this report, we performed an analysis of red blood cell (RBC) indices across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity and analyzed the diagnostic performance of RDW for predicting development of severe disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). abstract: Since previous evidence has demonstrated that red blood cell distribution width (RDW) may be a useful prognostic parameter in many critical illnesses and infectious diseases, we investigated the utility of RDW for monitoring patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study population consisted of 49 COVID-19 patients, including 16 (32.6%) with severe illness, 12 (24.5%) with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), and 8 (16.3%) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). The predictive value of blood tests, performed during emergency department evaluation, was then addressed. A progressive increase of RDW was observed with advancing COVID-19 severity. The area under the curve (AUC) of RDW was 0.73 for predicting severe illness, 0.80 for severe AKI, and 0.83 for RRT, respectively. In multivariate analysis, elevated RDW was associated with 9-fold and 16-fold increased odds of severe COVID-19 and AKI, respectively. The results of this study suggest that RDW should be part of routine laboratory assessment and monitoring of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825629/ doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10090618 id: cord-343038-j58f1lwa author: Henry, Brandon Michael title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data date: 2020-03-06 words: 5178.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343038-j58f1lwa.txt summary: title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei Province, China: an observational study utilizing crowdsourced data To elucidate information, we utilized crowdsourced data to perform a preliminary epidemiologic analysis of pediatric patients with COVID-19 Methods: In this observational study, data was collected from two open-access, line list crowdsourced online databases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884 doi: medRxiv preprint As children and adolescents represent a unique patient group, pediatric specific analyses of epidemiologic data may enable a better understanding of COVID-19 in these patients and provide situational-awareness to the pediatric health community. In this study, we analyzed pediatric cases of COVID-19 outside Hubei province, China collected from two crowdsourced curated individual line list data. In this observational study, we collected data on children and adolescent cases of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 from two open access crowdsourced line list databases sets through March 1, 2020. abstract: Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to expand across the world. Though both the number of cases and mortality rate in children and adolescents is reported to be low in comparison to adults, limited data has been reported on the outbreak with respect to pediatric patients. To elucidate information, we utilized crowdsourced data to perform a preliminary epidemiologic analysis of pediatric patients with COVID-19 Methods: In this observational study, data was collected from two open-access, line list crowdsourced online databases. Pediatric cases of COVID-19 were defined as patients ≤19 years of age with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis. The primary outcomes were case counts and cumulative case counts. Secondary outcomes included days between symptoms onset and first medical care and days between first medical care and reporting. Tertiary outcomes were rate of travel to Wuhan, rate of infected family members and rates of symptoms. Results: A total of 82 patients were included. The median age was 10 [IQR: 5-15] years. Patients from mainland China (outside Hubei) accounted for 46.3% of cases, while the remaining 53.7% of cases were international. Males and females accounted for 52.4% and 32.9% of cases, respectively, with the remaining 14.6% being designated as unknown. A male skew persisted across subgroup analyses by age group (p=1.0) and location (inside/outside China) (p=0.22). While the number of reported international cases has been steadily increasing over the study period, the number of reported cases in China rapidly decreased from the start point. The median reporting delay was 3 [IQR: 2-4.8] days. The median delay between symptom onset and first seeking medical care was 1 [IQR: 0-3.25] day. In international cases, time to first seeking medical care was a median of 2.5 days longer than in China (p=0.04). When clinical features were reported, fever was the most common presentation (68.0%), followed by cough (36.0%). Conclusions: The number of reported international pediatric COVID-19 cases is rapidly increasing. COVID-19 infections are, to-date, more common in males than females in both the children and adolescent age groups. Additionally, this male predominance remains the case both inside and outside of China. Crowdsourced data enabled early analysis of epidemiologic variables in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Further data sharing is required to enable analyses that are required to understand the course of this infection in children. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.01.20029884 id: cord-288863-buis3y21 author: Henry, Robert title: Innovations in Agriculture and Food Supply in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 words: 1837.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288863-buis3y21.txt summary: Both of these trends will add to the demand for new crop varieties that satisfy the growing demands of consumers and drive additional research efforts including accelerated application of emerging plant breeding technologies (Henry, 2019a) for production in these rapidly evolving agricultural environments. In many developing countries, COVID-19 has severely impacted on employment and incomes creating a major food crisis for growing numbers of people unable to afford food. The adverse impact of COVID-19 on the global economy may also result in a renewed risk of accelerated population growth that could add significantly to food insecurity. Many responses to the pandemic have resulted in changes in agriculture and food production that may persist in the longer term. Plant sciences have a major role to play (Weng, 2020) in not only addressing the needs of a post-COVID world but also the long term challenges of climate change, population growth, environmental degradation and food security. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711125/ doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.07.011 id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 words: 5723.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt summary: Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. abstract: BACKGROUND: : The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an unprecedented crisis in Spain. After Italy, the spread of the virus was quick, and Spain became the second epicenter in Europe by number of cases and deceased. To tackle the outbreak and contain the spread, the Spanish authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. OBJECTIVES: : The goal of this paper is to examine the spread of COVID-19 in Spain from February to May 2020, as well as the public policies and technologies used to contain the evolution of the pandemic. In particular it aims to assess the effectivity of the policies applied within the different autonomous communities. Cases and deaths are presented until August as well as the main changes in containment and mitigation measures. METHODS: : Data was collected from various official sources, including government reports, press releases and datasets provided by national and international level institutions. RESULTS: : We show that the main measure to contain the spread of the pandemic was a stringent confinement policy enforced through fines. It resulted in a substantial reduction in the mobility and the economic activity. At a regional level, the negative consequences of the crisis affected differently across regions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 id: cord-344817-8xz7xbh1 author: Hens, Niel title: The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-30 words: 2458.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344817-8xz7xbh1.txt summary: 7, 8 A key difference between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza is the very different reproduction number, b, [9] [10] [11] a key quantity that, together with the recovery rate, k, drives the evolution over time of the susceptible, infected and recovered fractions, S(t), I(t) and R(t), respectively. [10] [11] [12] The reproduction number is very different between seasonal influenza, where it is usually around 1.5, and COVID-19, where it is estimated at about 2.5 if medication nor vaccines are available, and no nonpharmaceutical interventions are implemented. The total volume of the epidemic will reduce, as the total fraction of infected population members is roughly equal to 1 -1/ b, but a much more important effect is that the number of infected cases at any point in time remains below the (perhaps enhanced) capacity of the health care system. abstract: COVID-19 has developed into a pandemic, hitting hard on our communities. As the pandemic continues to bring health and economic hardship, keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The course of an epidemic may be defined by a series of key factors. In the early stages of a new infectious disease outbreak, it is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection. The basic reproduction number (R(0)), which defines the mean number of secondary cases generated by one primary case when the population is largely susceptible to infection (‘totally naïve’), determines the overall number of people who are likely to be infected, or, more precisely, the area under the epidemic curve. Estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and identify whether outbreak control measures are having a measurable effect. For R(0) > 1, the number infected tends to increase, and for R(0) < 1, transmission dies out. Non-pharmaceutical strategies to handle the epidemic are sketched and based on current knowledge, the current situation is sketched and scenarios for the near future discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872620924922 doi: 10.1177/2048872620924922 id: cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author: Hensel, D. J. title: Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date: 2020-06-11 words: 5059.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt summary: Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. 10 Individuals who are well-educated about COVID-19, 9 including transmission and prevention information, may feel empowered to participate in partnered sex particularly if they perceive that knowledge makes them "low risk." 4 Finally, COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as social distancing and recommended hygiene (e.g., hand washing), could impact how people approach sex. 3, 6, 16 The purpose of the current paper is to characterize the past month self-reported sexual changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, and understand how those changes are associated with structural, mental health, and COVID-associated risk perception and knowledge. abstract: Background: Research demonstrates that pandemics adversely impact sexual and reproductive health (SRH), but few have examined their impact on participation in sex. We examined self-reported changes in solo and sexual behaviors in U.S. adults during early stages of the public health response to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults (N=1010; aged 18-94 years; 62% response rate) from April 10-20, 2020. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine past month self-reported changes (decreased, stable or increased) in ten solo and partnered sexual behaviors. Predictor variables included: having children at home, past month depressive symptoms, (ACHA 3-item scale), past month loneliness (UCLA 3-Item Loneliness scale), COVID-19 protection behaviors (adapted 12-item scale), perceived COVID-19 consequences (adapted 10-item scale) and COVID-19 knowledge (adapted 10-item scale). Findings: Nearly half of all adults reported some kind of change, most commonly, a decrease, in their sexual behavior in the past month. Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. Greater COVID19 risk perception and greater COVID19 knowledge were associated with mixed effects in behavior outcomes. Interpretations: Our data illustrate the very personal ways in which different pandemic-associated factors may create or inhibit opportunities for solo and partnered sex. The centrality of sexuality to health and well-being, even during pandemics, means that a critical piece of public health prevention and management responses should is ensuring that services and resource that support positive sexual decision making remain open and available. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609 id: cord-338493-ngvfz9dn author: Her, Minyoung title: Repurposing and reshaping of hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea date: 2020-05-05 words: 1102.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338493-ngvfz9dn.txt summary: During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Journal Pre-proof Stratified patient care directed by task force team and repurposing of treatment locations During the massive outbreak in Daegu, the epicenter of COVID-19 in South Korea, the shortage of beds would le d to patient deaths due to the lack of timely care. However, during the MERS outbreak, many strategies were devised that have been successfully adopted during the COVID-19 outbreak, such as the creation of task force teams for COVID-19, dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals. abstract: During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. Most of these strategies were used during the Middle East Respiratory syndrome outbreak and were applied again successfully during the COVID-19 outbreak. The reallocation of health care capacity, repurposing of hospitals, and close collaboration between the government and the health care committee might have been the key to successfully addressing the crisis of COVID-19 given the shortage of health care resources. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352771420301002 doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100137 id: cord-354426-cp6tomfw author: Her, Minyoung title: How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy? date: 2020-04-03 words: 1857.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354426-cp6tomfw.txt summary: To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. However, in February, in South Korea and especially in Daegu city, local transmission was identified, multiple clusters were confirmed, and the situation was transformed. Various approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent disclosure of information and the use of information technology, were introduced to stop the transmission of the virus. In this study, we discuss how South Korea was strongly hit by COVID-19 from the very early stages of the pandemic and the strategies used to combat the outbreak. In Daegu and the neighboring areas, the outbreaks were not controlled, and most hospitals became full of COVID-19 patients. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is expanding globally. South Korea is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 from the very early stages of this pandemic. Explosive outbreaks occurred across South Korea in the first two months, and efforts to control this new virus have involved everyone across the country. To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. This experience could provide some valuable ideas and lessons to others who are fighting against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.69 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.69 id: cord-334716-s4mfegv7 author: Herman, P. title: Corticothérapie en ORL en contexte de pandémie COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 842.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334716-s4mfegv7.txt summary: RESUME Ces conseils de bonne pratique concernant les indications et les modalités de la corticothérapie en ORL en période d''épidémie COVID-19 ont été rédigés sous l''égide de l''Association Française d''Otologie et d''Oto-neurologie (AFON) et de la Société Française d''ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale (SFORL). Il n''y pas actuellement de données suggérant un danger ou un bénéfice particulier des corticoïdes dans la COVID-19, et il convient donc, tant que cette question n''est pas tranchée, de limiter leurs indications aux tableaux cliniques les plus sévères et pour lesquels il est bien établi que ce type de traitements a un effet favorable sur l''évolution des symptômes. Enfin, il n''y aucune indication aux corticothérapies par voie générale ou locale dans les infections ORL bactériennes. Il n''y a pas actuellement de données scientifiques suggérant un bénéfice ou un risque particulier des corticoïdes dans la COVID-19. Dans le contexte pandémique actuel, la corticothérapie n''est pas conseillée dans les infections ORL bactériennes. abstract: RESUME Ces conseils de bonne pratique concernant les indications et les modalités de la corticothérapie en ORL en période d’épidémie COVID-19 ont été rédigés sous l’égide de l’Association Française d’Otologie et d’Oto-neurologie (AFON) et de la Société Française d’ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-faciale (SFORL). Il n’y pas actuellement de données suggérant un danger ou un bénéfice particulier des corticoïdes dans la COVID-19, et il convient donc, tant que cette question n’est pas tranchée, de limiter leurs indications aux tableaux cliniques les plus sévères et pour lesquels il est bien établi que ce type de traitements a un effet favorable sur l’évolution des symptômes. Dans les paralysies faciales aiguës a frigore de Grade V ou VI dans la classification de House Brackmann, une corticothérapie orale d’une semaine est recommandée. Dans les surdités brutales avec un déficit auditif supérieur à 60 dB, une corticothérapie est là-aussi conseillée, soit sous la forme d’injections intratympaniques soit en cures orales d’une semaine. En rhinologie, il n’y a pas d’indication à une corticothérapie par voie générale dans le contexte actuel. En revanche, il est conseillé aux patients de poursuivre leur corticothérapie locale en spray nasal ou par inhalation. L’instauration de traitements par sprays nasaux de corticoïdes reste possible s’il n’existe pas d’alternative. Enfin, il n’y aucune indication aux corticothérapies par voie générale ou locale dans les infections ORL bactériennes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879726120301121?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.aforl.2020.04.011 id: cord-293964-hz5uow2b author: Hermann, Matthias title: Feasibility and Efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation following COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 2728.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293964-hz5uow2b.txt summary: Infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), hereafter referred as COVID-19, often affects patients with chronic health conditions and takes a more severe course in patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Within two days after admission for rehabilitation all patients were assessed with questionnaires, such as Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Cumulative Illness Rating scale (CIRS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). To measure changes during rehabilitation, functional assessments with 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and Feeling Thermometer (FT) were performed on admission and before discharge. Exercise capacity was measured at hospital admission and discharge using the 6-min walk test (6-MWT), performed once at the beginning and once at the end of the CR program after 20 days, according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and carried out by experienced, well-instructed examiners. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic affects a large number of patients with a rapid progression of respiratory failure often requiring hospitalization or intensive care unit treatment in some patients. Survivors of severe COVID-19 suffer from persistent weakness and cardiorespiratory failure. Feasibility and potential benefit of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CR) after COVID-19 remains unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of COVID-19 patients in a single center inpatient rehabilitation clinic and describe performance and outcome during CR. Patients were referred from acute care hospitals for rehabilitation after severe COVID-19. The cohort (n=28) was divided in ventilated or not ventilated patients for further analysis. 50% were female, mean age was 66 years and patients stayed in the acute hospital for 19.3±10.7 days before referral for CR. 17 patients (61%) needed previous ICU treatment in the acute care hospital. Risk factors, assessments and questionnaires on admission were comparable in both groups. Significant enhancements were observed in 6-minute walking test and Feeling Thermometer which were independent of previous ventilation status. In conclusion, comprehensive CR following COVID-19 is safe, feasible and effective. Improvements in physical performance and subjective health status were independent of previous ventilation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32732746/ doi: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001549 id: cord-352700-8ic7gu5y author: Hernandez Cordero, A. I. title: Multi-omics highlights ABO plasma protein as a causal risk factor for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 4269.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352700-8ic7gu5y.txt summary: We used Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) and summary-based Mendelian randomization to combine gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from the Lung eQTL (n=1,038) and eQTLGen (n=31,784) studies with published COVID-19 genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. 2018 We first conducted Coloc tests to determine the probability that SNPs associated to COVID-252 19 phenotypes and gene expression (eQTLs) were consistent with shared genetic causal 253 variants (colocalization). The colocalization between ABO gene expression and the 383 COVID-19 susceptibility associated loci was not tested since the variants associated with 384 this gene in the lung eQTL and eQTLGEN studies were not present in the COVID-19 HG 385 meta-analysis for this phenotype. In blood, the expression of 18 and 8 unique genes co-localized with COVID-19 severity 388 ( Fig. 2a) and susceptibility associated loci (Supplementary Table S1), respectively. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the current health crisis. Despite intensive research efforts, the genes and pathways that contribute to COVID-19 remain poorly understood. We therefore used an integrative genomics (IG) approach to identify candidate genes responsible for COVID-19 and its severity. We used Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) and summary-based Mendelian randomization to combine gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from the Lung eQTL (n=1,038) and eQTLGen (n=31,784) studies with published COVID-19 genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Additionally, we used COLOC to integrate plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) from the INTERVAL study (n=3,301) with COVID-19-associated loci. Finally, we determined any causal associations between plasma proteins and COVID-19 using multi-variable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). We found that the expression of 20 genes in lung and 31 genes in blood was associated with COVID-19. Of these genes, only three (LZTFL1, SLC6A20 and ABO) had been previously linked with COVID-19 in GWAS. The novel loci included genes involved in interferon pathways (IL10RB, IFNAR2 and OAS1). Plasma ABO protein, which is associated with blood type in humans, demonstrated a significant causal relationship with COVID-19 in MR analysis; increased plasma levels were associated with an increased risk of having COVID-19 and risk of severe COVID-19. In summary, our study identified genes associated with COVID-19 that may be prioritized for future investigation. Importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate a causal association between plasma ABO protein and COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.20207118 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.05.20207118 id: cord-277237-tjsw205c author: Hernandez Vargas, Esteban Abelardo title: In-host Modelling of COVID-19 Kinetics in Humans date: 2020-03-30 words: 3609.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277237-tjsw205c.txt summary: Based on the target cell model, COVID-19 infecting time between susceptible cells (mean of 30 days approximately) is much slower than those reported for Ebola (about 3 times slower) and influenza (60 times slower). The best model to fit the data was including immune responses, which suggest a slow cell response peaking between 5 to 10 days post onset of symptoms. [29] improve the fitting respect to the target cell model (Table 2 ) even when very long eclipse phase periods 121 are assumed (e.g 100 days), implying that this mechanism could be negligible on COVID-19 infection. Here, based on the results of the 159 target cell model in Table 2 , we found that COVID-19 infecting time between cells (mean of 30 days 160 approximately) would be slower than those reported for Ebola (about 3 times slower) and influenza (60 161 times slower). Modeling Within-Host Dynamics of Influenza Virus Infection Including Immune Responses abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has underlined the impact of emergent pathogens as a major threat for human health. The development of quantitative approaches to advance comprehension of the current outbreak is urgently needed to tackle this severe disease. In this work, several mathematical models are proposed to represent COVID-19 dynamics in infected patients. Considering different starting times of infection, parameters sets that represent infectivity of COVID-19 are computed and compared with other viral infections that can also cause pandemics. Based on the target cell model, COVID-19 infecting time between susceptible cells (mean of 30 days approximately) is much slower than those reported for Ebola (about 3 times slower) and influenza (60 times slower). The within-host reproductive number for COVID-19 is consistent to the values of influenza infection (1.7-5.35). The best model to fit the data was including immune responses, which suggest a slow cell response peaking between 5 to 10 days post onset of symptoms. The model with eclipse phase, time in a latent phase before becoming productively infected cells, was not supported. Interestingly, both, the target cell model and the model with immune responses, predict that virus may replicate very slowly in the first days after infection, and it could be below detection levels during the first 4 days post infection. A quantitative comprehension of COVID-19 dynamics and the estimation of standard parameters of viral infections is the key contribution of this pioneering work. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044487 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044487 id: cord-330916-s99ayg1j author: Hernandez, Adrian V. title: Update Alert: Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 973.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330916-s99ayg1j.txt summary: Given the risk of bias for individual studies and the conflicting direction and magnitude of results, the evidence from both RCTs and cohort studies remains insufficiently strong to support a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Efficacy and safety of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in moderate type of COVID-19: a prospective open-label randomized controlled study. Clinical outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a quasi-randomized comparative study. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial. Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667853/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0945 id: cord-285469-b61y9ezi author: Hernández-Fernández, Francisco title: Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description date: 2020-07-09 words: 7007.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285469-b61y9ezi.txt summary: The aim of our study is to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, neuroimaging and available pathological anatomy data, as well as the presentation, therapeutic management and clinical outcomes of patients with acute CVD in a healthcare setting with a high incidence of transmission of this virus. We registered all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported during this period, and included all patients diagnosed with acute CVD, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic, treated consecutively by neurology, neurosurgery and the intensive care unit. Bivariates studies were designed to contrast the main variables among CVD patients, between ischaemic/haemorrhagic subtypes within the COVID-19 group, and to assess clinical prognosis. The other three haemorrhagic cases were detected on varying days of clinical evolution because having been intubated, sedated and treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neurological manifestations were masked prior to tracheal extubation, when difficulty arousing these patients was observed. abstract: Since the appearance of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic has emerged affecting millions of people worldwide. Although the main clinical manifestations are respiratory, an increase in neurological conditions, specifically acute cerebrovascular disease, has been detected. We present cerebrovascular disease case incidence in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were confirmed by microbiological/serological testing, or on chest CT semiology. Available data on comorbidity, laboratory parameters, treatment administered, neuroimaging, neuropathological studies and clinical evolution during hospitalization, measured by the modified Rankin scale, were analysed. A bivariate study was also designed to identify differences between ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. A statistical model of binary logistic regression and sensitivity analysis was designed to study the influence of independent variables over prognosis. In our centre, there were 1683 admissions of patients with COVID-19 over 50 days, of which 23 (1.4%) developed cerebrovascular disease. Within this group of patients, cerebral and chest CT scans were performed in all cases, and MRI in six (26.1%). Histological samples were obtained in 6/23 cases (two brain biopsies, and four arterial thrombi). Seventeen patients were classified as cerebral ischaemia (73.9%, with two arterial dissections), five as intracerebral haemorrhage (21.7%), and one leukoencephalopathy of posterior reversible encephalopathy type. Haemorrhagic patients had higher ferritin levels at the time of stroke (1554.3 versus 519.2, P = 0.004). Ischaemic strokes were unexpectedly frequent in the vertebrobasilar territory (6/17, 35.3%). In the haemorrhagic group, a characteristic radiological pattern was identified showing subarachnoid haemorrhage, parieto-occipital leukoencephalopathy, microbleeds and single or multiple focal haematomas. Brain biopsies performed showed signs of thrombotic microangiopathy and endothelial injury, with no evidence of vasculitis or necrotizing encephalitis. The functional prognosis during the hospital period was unfavourable in 73.9% (17/23 modified Rankin scale 4–6), and age was the main predictive variable (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.012–2.225; P = 0.043). Our series shows cerebrovascular disease incidence of 1.4% in patients with COVID-19 with high morbidity and mortality. We describe pathological and radiological data consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by endotheliopathy with a haemorrhagic predisposition. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa239 doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa239 id: cord-293117-hkkbqorv author: Hernández-García, Ignacio title: Characteristics of YouTube Videos in Spanish on How to Prevent COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 4093.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293117-hkkbqorv.txt summary: We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the YouTube videos that provide information in Spanish on the basic measures for preventing COVID-19. In particular, videos produced by health professionals showed, compared to those made by the mass media, a higher probability of reporting on washing hands frequently, respiratory hygiene, and avoiding touching the face as measures to prevent COVID-19 (Table 2) . This study is the first to evaluate the characteristics of YouTube videos that provide information specifically in Spanish on the basic measures indicated by the WHO to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. abstract: Objective: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish on the basic measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: On 18 March 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms “Prevencion Coronavirus” and “Prevencion COVID-19”. We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: A total of 129 videos were evaluated; 37.2% were produced in Mexico (25.6%) and Spain (11.6%), and 56.6% were produced by mass media, including television and newspapers. The most frequently reported basic preventive measure was hand washing (71.3%), and the least frequent was not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth (24.0%). Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%). In terms of authorship, papers produced by health professionals had a higher probability of reporting hand hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 4.20 (1.17–15.09)) and respiratory hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (1.22–7.62)) as preventive measures. Conclusion: Information from YouTube in Spanish on basic measures to prevent COVID-19 is usually not very complete and differs according to the type of authorship. Our findings make it possible to guide Spanish-speaking users on the characteristics of the videos to be viewed in order to obtain reliable information. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32610523/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134671 id: cord-312356-95yyi0jb author: Hernández-Huerta, Daniel title: The impact of COVID-19 on Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit date: 2020-05-19 words: 566.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312356-95yyi0jb.txt summary: Moreover, mental health staff often has inadequate training on the management of respiratory infectious diseases, which adds to some features of patients with pre-existing mental health conditions, such as inadequate insight or psychomotor excitement, being unable to practice infection control measures, as well as limited awareness regarding the risk of infection, that may contribute to the transmission of COVID-19. We are also facing new diagnostic challenges, as many patients admitted to the psychiatric ward are simultaneously been treated for COVID-19. Regrettably, because of the shortage of isolation rooms for SARS-CoV-2 positive cases who suffer from mental illness decompensation comorbidities, physical restraint practices could increase in order to guarantee confinement and infection control measures. We call for the creation of state policies that mitigate the health impact of such catastrophe, with urgency in relation to patients at Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Units. The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113107 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113107 id: cord-334711-58ygbyiz author: Hernández-Sánchez, Brizeida Raquel title: Psychological Factors that Lessen the Impact of COVID-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America date: 2020-07-22 words: 8579.0 sentences: 470.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334711-58ygbyiz.txt summary: To meet these goals, we conducted an explorative study with a sample of college students to examine the effects of Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, proactiveness, and optimism are in entrepreneurial intentions. This research will focus on four characteristics, namely proactiveness, optimism, the Covid-19 pandemic perception, and psychological need satisfaction, to quantify the relationship between these four traits of the students and their entrepreneurial intention. First, through a representative sample of Latin American university students, this study aims to analyze the relationships between proactiveness, optimism, Covid-19 pandemic perception, psychological need satisfaction, and entrepreneurial intention in an adverse situation, as it is this current pandemic. Second, the current study focuses primarily on how the Covid-19 pandemic perception and need satisfaction mediate the predictive effects of student proactivity and optimism on entrepreneurial intention. abstract: Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic (Covid-19) is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to the labor market. The pandemic has a devastating and disproportionate effect on young workers, their interest in entrepreneurship, and their mental health. Research is needed to develop evidence-based strategies to improve coping and reduce adverse psychological problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact that Covid-19 pandemic perception and psychological need satisfaction have on university students and their self-employment intention. In addition, we also analyzed the role of moderation played by psychological aspects. These psychological factors (i.e., Optimism and Proactiveness) can also improve young people’s mental health and well-being. Methods: An explorative study (online survey) was conducted in March 2020 934 university students from Latin America. Regression analysis models were built to examine the relationships between Covid-19 pandemic perception, personality variables, and entrepreneurial intention. Mediation models, through the bootstrapping method, were performed to analyze the mediating role of proactiveness and optimism. Results: Results indicate that students’ perception of Covid-19 and psychological need satisfaction are associated with entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, the present study argues that proactiveness and optimism mediate these relationships. Conclusions: This study identifies psychological factors associated with a lower level of Covid-19 impact and that can be used for psychological interventions that result in an improvement in the mental health of these vulnerable groups during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708034/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155293 id: cord-347968-jhnr8k3j author: Herrera, David title: Is the oral cavity relevant in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? date: 2020-06-23 words: 3388.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347968-jhnr8k3j.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Antiseptic mouth rinses, such as those containing cetylpyridinium chloride or povidone-iodine, may be able to decrease the severity of COVID-19 by reducing oral viral load in infected subjects and decreasing the risk of transmission by limiting viral load in droplets, generated in normal life, or in aerosols, produced during dental procedures. The information presented in this narrative review supports the use of antiseptic mouth rinses, both as a single preprocedural use and as daily use during a limited period of time, to impact the transmission and/or pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, since they have shown to reduce the oral viral load and, therefore, they may reduce the severity of the disease in an infected subject and may reduce the risk of transmission, by reducing the viral load in aerosols, expelled during dental procedures, or in droplets generated when breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, etc. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent scientific evidences suggest a relevant role of the oral cavity in the transmission and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed, up to April 30, 2020, focusing on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, oral cavity, and antimicrobial agents. RESULTS: Oral viral load of SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with the severity of COVID-19, and thus, a reduction in the oral viral load could be associated with a decrease in the severity of the condition. Similarly, a decrease in the oral viral load would diminish the amount of virus expelled and reduce the risk of transmission, since (i) during the first 10 days, the virus mainly accumulates at the nasal, oral, and pharyngeal area; (ii) the number of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor is greater in the salivary glands as compared with the lungs; and (iii) salivary droplets represent the most relevant transmission route. To reduce the oral viral load, antiseptic agents may be used, although the evidence on its efficacy is indirect and weak. CONCLUSIONS: Antiseptic mouth rinses, such as those containing cetylpyridinium chloride or povidone-iodine, may be able to decrease the severity of COVID-19 by reducing oral viral load in infected subjects and decreasing the risk of transmission by limiting viral load in droplets, generated in normal life, or in aerosols, produced during dental procedures. Well-designed clinical and preclinical research must be conducted to support these hypotheses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Antiseptic mouth rinses may help in decreasing the severity of COVID-19 and in reducing the risk of transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32577830/ doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03413-2 id: cord-288130-efffulhk author: Herrera, Miguel A Rubio title: Obesidad en tiempos de covid-19. Un desafío de salud global date: 2020-10-21 words: 3526.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288130-efffulhk.txt summary: There is clear evidence showing that some biological and social factors associated with obesity involve an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and greater severity compared to people with normal weight. Aun así, estudios de series más amplios y metaanálisis recientes confirman que cualquier grado de obesidad confiere un incremento tanto del riesgo de gravedad como de mortalidad por COVID-19 15, 16, 17, 18 Hasta este punto, la mayoría de los estudios analizaban lo que sucedía dentro de los hospitales, pero se desconocía realmente si las personas con obesidad tenían mayor riesgo de infección respecto a aquellas con normopeso. A pesar de las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivos, de la insuficiente información sobre las características fenotípica de la obesidad, contamos con suficientes datos para sugerir que la obesidad comporta un factor de riesgo independiente de infección por la COVID-19, con mayor probabilidad de gravedad y mortalidad. abstract: Obesity is a chronic disease that leads to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may create a new health challenge. There is clear evidence showing that some biological and social factors associated with obesity involve an increased risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and greater severity compared to people with normal weight. Undoubtedly, obesity involves a low-grade proinflammatory state that produces a dysregulation of the immune system that compromises its ability to respond to respiratory infection by COVID-19 and so produces a worsening of the disease. In this review, the main epidemiological and pathophysiological data that associate obesity with COVID-19 are described. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162383/ doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.10.001 id: cord-335855-bifx2nu9 author: Herrmann, Jacob title: Modeling lung perfusion abnormalities to explain early COVID-19 hypoxemia date: 2020-09-28 words: 5612.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335855-bifx2nu9.txt summary: Herein, a mathematical model demonstrates that the large amount of pulmonary venous admixture observed in patients with early COVID-19 can be reasonably explained by a combination of pulmonary embolism, ventilation-perfusion mismatching in the noninjured lung, and normal perfusion of the relatively small fraction of injured lung. Given a relatively small fraction of injured lung, with F inj ranging from 0 to 30%, both a complete shunt (i.e., zero oxygen uptake) and reversal of HPV (i.e., vasodilation in injured regions) are necessary conditions for F shu :F inj > 2 and P a O 2 :F i O 2 < 300 mmHg. By contrast, impairment of HPV alone is not sufficient to produce reported levels of severe hypoxemia at low values of F inj 1 . Therefore it appears unlikely that the degree of pulmonary shunt reported in COVID-19 patients (F shu = 50% and F shu :F inj = 3) could occur without a substantial degree of vasodilation and hyperperfusion in the small fraction of injured lung, if one also assumes there is negligible venous admixture from other mechanisms producing ventilation-perfusion mismatching. abstract: Early stages of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are associated with silent hypoxia and poor oxygenation despite relatively minor parenchymal involvement. Although speculated that such paradoxical findings may be explained by impaired hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in infected lung regions, no studies have determined whether such extreme degrees of perfusion redistribution are physiologically plausible, and increasing attention is directed towards thrombotic microembolism as the underlying cause of hypoxemia. Herein, a mathematical model demonstrates that the large amount of pulmonary venous admixture observed in patients with early COVID-19 can be reasonably explained by a combination of pulmonary embolism, ventilation-perfusion mismatching in the noninjured lung, and normal perfusion of the relatively small fraction of injured lung. Although underlying perfusion heterogeneity exacerbates existing shunt and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the model, the reported hypoxemia severity in early COVID-19 patients is not replicated without either extensive perfusion defects, severe ventilation-perfusion mismatch, or hyperperfusion of nonoxygenated regions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32985528/ doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18672-6 id: cord-327629-ep28ay11 author: Herron, J.B.T. title: Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic date: 2020-06-20 words: 1172.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327629-ep28ay11.txt summary: authors: Herron, J.B.T.; Dennis, J.; Brennan, P.A. title: Coronavirus antibody positive tests and continued use of personal protective equipment throughout the pandemic Antibody testing has rapidly been deployed but it is creating challenges for staff and patients. Mask use has come to the forefront and human factor (HF) strategies must be examined to reduce risk associated with lack of engagement from both healthcare staff and patients. Suggested plans have included developing a cohort of immune staff to care for COVID-19 patients allowing for a relaxation of overstretched personal protection equipment (PPE) resources. Masks reduce nosocomial spread and are important, particularly for healthcare staff (19) . For the antibody test, even after the exact nature of protection is determined, basic public health measures are not forgotten and that staff feel able to challenge those in more authoritative positions regarding PPE. Personal protective equipment and Covid 19-a risk to healthcare staff? abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust not only a novel virus onto the world, but new challenges resulting in novel approaches. Governments have reduced regulation in order to facilitate timely advances to combat the disease. Antibody testing has rapidly been deployed but it is creating challenges for staff and patients. Mask use has come to the forefront and human factor (HF) strategies must be examined to reduce risk associated with lack of engagement from both healthcare staff and patients. In this we explore these issues and suggest some solutions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266435620302801?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.06.021 id: cord-031700-xxku8q1f author: Hess, Kristy title: Local newspapers and coronavirus: conceptualising connections, comparisons and cures date: 2020-09-09 words: 7612.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031700-xxku8q1f.txt summary: We take an analogical approach to argue some of the issues that emerged during COVID-19 and strategies used to fight the global health pandemic also present valuable lessons for the preservation of public interest journalism and news at the local level. We conceptualise five coronavirus-related themes that resonate with a much-needed innovations agenda for local newspapers in Australia: (1) support for essential services, (2) warnings of complacency against an evolving biological threat, (3) appreciating the power of the social (4) coordinated government/policy responses and (5) ''we are all in this together''. As researchers working on a project that will gauge the civic value of Australia''s country press and develop an innovation model for the sector, 1 we have made the case for an approach to media innovation that does not simply reinforce the ''crisis'' discourse (Hess and Waller, 2020) or pin small newspaper closures like butterflies to a Google map of pandemic despair (see https://piji.com.au). abstract: Within weeks of the nation-wide COVID-19 shutdown, more than 200 regional and community newspapers across Australia announced they could no longer keep their presses running due to the unprecedented crisis. A drain in advertising spend, a broken business model and the refusal of digital behemoths to pay for content were blamed for their collapse, ironically as audiences’ demand for credible news and information soared across the globe. There is no doubt the COVID-19 crisis has widened existing, deep cracks in the news media industry. In response this article sets out to explore possible solutions and strategies for local newspapers in the post-pandemic media landscape. We take an analogical approach to argue some of the issues that emerged during COVID-19 and strategies used to fight the global health pandemic also present valuable lessons for the preservation of public interest journalism and news at the local level. We conceptualise five coronavirus-related themes that resonate with a much-needed innovations agenda for local newspapers in Australia: (1) support for essential services, (2) warnings of complacency against an evolving biological threat, (3) appreciating the power of the social (4) coordinated government/policy responses and (5) ‘we are all in this together’. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7481652/ doi: 10.1177/1329878x20956455 id: cord-268293-u5r2id8i author: Hess, Robert G. title: Shared Governance During a Pandemic date: 2020-07-11 words: 1805.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268293-u5r2id8i.txt summary: As the pandemic ensued, shared governance endured at hospitals with well-established models, even without council meetings. Shared governance structures and processes, whether unit-based or hospital-wide, afford opportunities for clinical nurses make decisions related to staffing, policy and procedure development, necessary resources, and even innovation and research that is needed. In the 21st century, it is hoped that nurse leaders continue to see the value of shared governance-and not just as a way to meet the American Nurses Credentialing Center''s criteria for Magnet ® or Pathway to Excellence ® standards. During the COVID-19 pandemic, shared governance endured at hospitals with wellestablished models even without council meetings. For example, many mature shared governance models have unit-based phone or e-mail trees, where each individual council member is responsible for relaying communications to 3 or more people, and they, in turn, have a similar number of professionals and so on, until messages reach the entire staff of the nursing unit or division. abstract: When the COVID-19 pandemic struck US hospitals in early 2020, many nurse leaders went into crisis mode management. As the pandemic ensued, shared governance endured at hospitals with well-established models, even without council meetings. At other hospitals, clinical nurses began to wonder what happened to shared governance. This article offers advice and lessons learned from the interplay between the COVID-19 pandemic and shared governance at American hospitals. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1541461220301282 doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.05.008 id: cord-272314-6suu8n75 author: Hetland, Breanna title: 2020 - The Year that Needed the Nurse: Considerations for Critical Care Nursing Research and Practice Emerging in the Midst of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 words: 1288.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272314-6suu8n75.txt summary: As experienced critical care nurse scientists conducting research studies in these dynamic settings, we provide our perspectives on the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the ICU and highlight implications for nursing practice and research. Specifically, this editorial addresses the: 1) need for agile, rapid innovation and implementation strategies; 2) importance of research policies that ensure continuation of scientific discovery and dissemination amidst crises; and, 3) necessity to develop creative strategies to promote a culture of patient and family engagement during critical situations. Not only does the current healthcare crisis highlight the need to embrace an agile implementation model that mirrors our ever-changing clinical environment, it also emphasizes the value of applying adaptive research designs. Doing so allows us to address research questions and integrate emerging evidence in real-time, applying clinically driven data that provides immediate feedback to the healthcare team and to the broader critical care community. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147956320301618 doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.04.021 id: cord-348787-8htlnb52 author: Hettiarachchi, Dineshani title: Ethical Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic—Lessons from Sri Lanka date: 2020-11-03 words: 3755.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348787-8htlnb52.txt summary: In this article, we give an account of the strategy taken by Sri Lanka to mitigate the pandemic and comment on the lessons learned concerning the ethical responses to the COVID-19 crisis. The strict adherence to the measures enforced through the Quarantine and Prevention of Disease Ordinance Act could be further strengthened by making the wearing of face masks, mandatory quarantine and social distancing which are considered only as guidelines issued on COVID-19 prevention, legally binding, at least during an outbreak, so that more citizens follow these measures stringently. Furthermore, even though the strict lockdown did not seem ethically sound, given the number of ICU beds available in Sri Lanka, it was the opinion of the public health experts that we employ a method known as "the hammer and the dance". As the number of fatalities from the COVID-19 pandemic is low in Sri Lanka, many lessons can be learned from the country''s response to the crisis, from an ethical perspective. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly become an era-defining challenge for the entire world. It has implications not only in the public health sector but also in the global economy and political landscape. The prevention strategy that has been followed in Sri Lanka is unique. Early action taken by the government and the ministry of health, being one of pre-emptive quarantining and isolation of suspected contacts even before they developed symptoms, was vital to contain the spread of the disease. During the early phase, a nationwide lockdown in the form of a curfew was imposed which helped mitigate the spread of the virus. However, due to several lapses, there was a threat of community transmission; this was swiftly brought under control through ongoing government interventions. Thus, strict social/physical distancing measures enforced by the government, together with an increase in testing capacity, prevented widespread community transmission. Strictly containing the outbreaks as and when they were identified made it easier to bring the spread under control through contact tracing. In this article, we give an account of the strategy taken by Sri Lanka to mitigate the pandemic and comment on the lessons learned concerning the ethical responses to the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169085/ doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00153-z id: cord-315462-u2dj79yw author: Hewitt, Judith A. title: ACTIVating Resources for the COVID-19 Pandemic: In vivo Models for Vaccines and Therapeutics date: 2020-10-01 words: 8953.0 sentences: 469.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315462-u2dj79yw.txt summary: The selection of appropriate animal models of infection, disease manifestation, and efficacy measurements is important for vaccines and therapeutics to be compared under ACTIV''s umbrella using Master Protocols with standardized endpoints and assay readouts. Models of SARS-CoV-2 infection include mice (ACE2 transgenic strains, mouse adapted virus, and AAV transduced ACE2 mice), hamsters, rats, ferrets and non-human primates (NHPs). Following infection by the intranasal route, golden Syrian Hamsters demonstrate clinical features, viral kinetics, histopathological changes, and immune responses that closely mimic the mild to moderate disease described in human COVID-19 patients (Chan et al., 2020b; Imai et al., 2020; Sia et al., 2020) . In an initial study of SARS-CoV-2 infection of hACE2-hamsters, clinical signs were observed including elevated body temperatures, slow or reduced mobility, weight loss and mortality (1 out of 4 animals). Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease. abstract: The Preclinical Working Group of Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV), a public-private partnership spearheaded by the National Institutes of Health, was charged with identifying, prioritizing, and communicating SARS-CoV-2 preclinical resources. Reviewing SARS-CoV-2 animal model data facilitates standardization and harmonization and informs knowledge gaps and prioritization of limited resources. To date, mouse, hamster, ferret, guinea pig, and non-human primates have been investigated. Several species are permissive for SARS-CoV-2 replication, often exhibiting mild disease with resolution, reflecting most human COVID-19 cases. More severe disease develops in a few models, some associated with advanced age, a risk factor for human disease. This review provides a snapshot that recommends the suitability of models for testing vaccines and therapeutics, which may evolve as our understanding of COVID-19 disease biology improves. COVID-19 is a complex disease and individual models recapitulate certain aspects of disease; therefore, the coordination and assessment of animal models is imperative. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820305217?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.016 id: cord-344986-nknt413b author: Heymann, D L title: Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19? date: 2020-05-30 words: 1682.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344986-nknt413b.txt summary: Speaking at a virtual event hosted at WHO-HQ to celebrate the 40 year anniversary of smallpox eradication, WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, "As the world confronts the COVID-19 pandemic, humanity''s victory over smallpox is a reminder of what is possible when nations come together to fight a common health threat." 2 Some of the lessons learned from the eradication of smallpox could be essential in helping us now tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, the special programs to detect and isolate cases, and contain outbreaks, called "surveillance and containment", was thought to be one of the key components of smallpox eradication. If we come together collectively and use the public health tools that we have at hand, enhanced by vaccination, we will be successful in containing COVID-19 despite geopolitical tensions, just as we were successful in eradicating smallpox despite the Cold War at the time. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32478398/ doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa090 id: cord-345329-195cqp6s author: Heymann, Eric P title: How the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the importance of emergency medicine, and its vital role as a pillar of the healthcare system date: 2020-05-23 words: 818.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345329-195cqp6s.txt summary: The false sense of security afforded by the distance to Wuhan having led authorities to observe rather to plan, the system, suddenly faced with a potential surge of infected patients, turned to EDs for the management of suspected cases, as the rest of the healthcare system was not prepared (to deal with such cases). EPs, due in part to their training and experience, became leaders in the acute response, establishing standards of care, and, with regular feedback to governing authorities, helped prepare the healthcare system to deal with suspected cases, by rapidly recognising and lobbying for an increase in infrastructure, paramedical and medical equipment, as well as the need to increase national pharmaceutical stocks. Aside from reaffirming the importance of an EM specialty (and the need for a dedicated training pathway), COVID-19 has unfortunately also validated concerns that had previously been raised by EPs worldwide about the ability of crowded EDs to handle a surge of patients in a mass disaster or pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209735 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209735 id: cord-029620-jwpl2jq9 author: Heyworth, Leonie title: Expanding Access through Virtual Care: The VA’s Early Experience with Covid-19 date: 2020-07-01 words: 2821.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029620-jwpl2jq9.txt summary: Despite the ready availability of secure email, telephone care, e-consults and video-to-home visits, the use of these virtual care modalities varied across care sites until Covid-19 abruptly spurred widespread utilization. The number of VA clinicians using video-to-home visits increased from 10,542 to 12,880 in primary care, from 8,599 to 11,173 in mental health, and from 2,533 to 5,833 in specialty care. In rapidly operationalizing VA''s virtual care strategy, five tactical areas were critical: 1) training and supporting both the workforce and patients 2) expanding the technology infrastructure, including distributing equipment 3) providing consistent messaging to diverse stakeholders 4) ensuring the needs of high-risk patients were met 5) maintaining or expanding, where needed, the capacity to support the private sector. Second, although virtual care was widely accepted by veterans to reduce risk of Covid-19 exposure in health care facilities, acceptance and technology adoption has not been uniform across patients or clinicians. abstract: The Veterans Health Administration offers a blueprint for rapid expansion of telehealth services during the Covid-19 pandemic that can be used to maintain those advances after the pandemic subsides. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371321/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0327 id: cord-299139-ze8qtnxe author: Higbee, D. H. title: The impact of asthma on mental health & wellbeing during COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-09-11 words: 5027.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299139-ze8qtnxe.txt summary: Available sample populations thus far have not included longitudinal data (including pre pandemic measures) or detailed clinical history, prior physical or psychological assessment, meaning that conclusions about the effect of COVID-19 on people with asthma have been impossible. without asthma, we examined the expected difference in mental health scores during COVID-19 between participants with asthma and without asthma, after adjusting for pre-existing mental health, gender, age, is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Effect of current asthma on outcomes specific to lockdown adjusted for age, gender, smoking, overweight and pre-existing mental health in G1-Index Children (as shown in Figure 1) Appendix Table E3 . Effect of current asthma on outcomes specific to lockdown adjusted for age, gender, smoking, overweight and pre-existing mental health in G0parents (as shown in Figure 1 ) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Abstract Introduction The global SARS CoV2 pandemic resulted in social isolation measures with unintended negative impacts, particularly on mental health. We hypothesised that people with asthma are likely to be more vulnerable to worse mental health during lockdown. Methods We examined COVID-19 surveys (completed April/May 2020), nested within two generations of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC): index-generation ALSPAC-G1 (n= 2942, mean age=28) and the parents generation ALSPAC-G0 (n=3737, mean age=59). We used Poisson and logistic regression models to estimate the effect of asthma on wellbeing, anxiety and depression, and factors related to COVID-19 and lockdown. Models were adjusted for validated pre-pandemic measures of mental health and socio-economic factors. Results Asthma was associated with a 13% increase in depression score in ALSPAC-G1 (p=0.005) and 15% increase in ALSPAC-G0 (p=0.05) compared to participants without asthma, anxiety scores increased by 14% in ALSPAC-G1 (p=0.005) and by 16% in ALSPAC-G0 (p=0.02). Asthma was associated with a similar increase of anxiety and depression scores during COVID-19 in both generations (Z test p values >0.80). Discussion People with asthma have worse mental health & wellbeing during lockdown compared to people without asthma. Although the effect of asthma on mental health is of similar magnitude between the generations, younger participants with asthma declined to lower levels of mental health despite reporting less symptoms, COVID-19 infection and self-isolation. This has important implications given repeated lockdowns. Young people with asthma should be closely monitored and supported to mitigate the impact of lockdown on their mental health. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.20190793v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20190793 id: cord-335141-ag3j8obh author: Higgins, G.C. title: FFP3 reusable respirators for COVID-19; adequate and suitable in the healthcare setting date: 2020-06-30 words: 22051.0 sentences: 1230.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335141-ag3j8obh.txt summary: The British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons, the British Society for Surgery of the Hand and the Royal College of Surgeons of England, have all issued guidance: both encouraging patients to avoid risky pursuits, which could result in accidental injuries and to members how to prioritise and optimise services for trauma and urgent cancer work. We have adapted our Hand Trauma Service to a ''One Stop Hand Trauma and Therapy'' clinic, where patients are assessed, definitive surgery performed and offered immediate post-operative hand therapy where therapists make splint and give specialist advice on wound care and rehabilitation including an illustrated hand therapy guide. Local assessment of our practice is ongoing but we have found that this model has enabled a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees to successfully continue to work whilst reducing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and providing gold standard care for patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.06.002 id: cord-102281-xymfoa86 author: Higuera, J title: Traqueostomía En Cuidados Intensivos En Pacientes Covid 19 date: 2020-11-13 words: 4027.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102281-xymfoa86.txt summary: Presentamos los resultados de 37 pacientes que requieren traqueostomía como parte del manejo de neumonía por COVID 19 en un Hospital Universitario. Entre ellas, la realización de traqueotomía en los pacientes afectados por esta neumonía ingresados en cuidados intensivos que requieren ventilación mecánica invasiva. Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, con todos los enfermos que ingresan en el Servicio de Medicina Intensiva en un Hospital Universitario con el diagnóstico clínico o analítico de neumonía por COVID-19 que requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva y realización de traqueotomía durante su ingreso en UCI. El estudio representa una muestra de pacientes ingresados en UCI por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a neumonía por COVID 19 que requirieron ventilación mecánica y a los que se les realizó traqueostomía durante su ingreso en medicina intensiva. Presentamos los resultados de 37 pacientes críticos que requieren traqueostomía como parte del manejo de neumonía por COVID 19 en un Hospital Universitario. abstract: Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia due to COVID 19 has been a recent and frequent cause of admission to intensive care units worldwide. Its rapid expansion and high number of cases mean that there are many open questions regarding its management, treatment and prognosis. One of these is the performing of a tracheostomy in patients affected by this pneumonia admitted to intensive care. Material and methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out on all the patients admitted to the Intensive Medicine Department at a University Hospital with the clinical or analytical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. An analysis was performed on all patients that required mechanical ventilation connection and tracheostomy during their management. Results: A total of 37 patients were analysed, of whom 70.3% (26/37) were male. The mean age was 59.4 ± 9.4, and the APACHE II score was 14.8 ± 4.67. The mean number of days of mechanical ventilation prior to the performing of the tracheostomy was 11 ± 2.66. On 3 occasions it was done during the first week, and on 31 occasions during the second. Percutaneous tracheostomy was performed in 86.5% (32/37) of the cases, and 17 (46%) patients were decannulated. The mean number of days from tracheostomy to decannulation was 17.7 ± 10.6 days, with 16 of these 17 patients having been discharged from the hospital. In the study sample, the type of technique was not associated with a higher mortality or complication rate. Conclusions: The results are presented on 37 patients who required a tracheostomy as part of the management of COVID 19 pneumonia in a University Hospital, as well as a description of the technique performed and prognosis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0122726220301063 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.10.009 id: cord-301493-32l52q3s author: Hill, Jason B. title: Frequency of venous thromboembolism in 6513 patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-02 words: 3226.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301493-32l52q3s.txt summary: From this cohort, patients with confirmed VTE (either during or after their hospital encounter) were identified by administrative query of the EHR.: Between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2020, 6153 patients with COVID-19 were identified; 2748 of these patients were admitted, while 3405 received care exclusively through the emergency department. 7 To provide additional information about the association of VTE with COVID-19, we present a large retrospective cohort study examining all polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals or treated in emergency departments affiliated with the Ochsner Health System. To estimate the rate of failure of VTE prophylaxis among COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients, we defined failure as any DVT or PE event diagnosed $3 days after the admission of a patient who had received $2 days of evidence-based mechanical or pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis immediately prior. abstract: Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appear to be at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially if they become critically ill with COVID-19. Some centers have reported very high rates of thrombosis despite anticoagulant prophylaxis. The electronic health record (EHR) of a New Orleans–based health system was searched for all patients with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were either admitted to hospital or treated and discharged from an emergency department between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2020. From this cohort, patients with confirmed VTE (either during or after their hospital encounter) were identified by administrative query of the EHR.: Between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2020, 6153 patients with COVID-19 were identified; 2748 of these patients were admitted, while 3405 received care exclusively through the emergency department. In total, 637 patients required mechanical ventilation and 206 required renal replacement therapy. Within the hospitalized cohort, the overall mortality rate was 24.5% and VTE occurred in 86 patients (3.1%). In the 637 patients who required mechanical ventilation at some point during their hospital stay, 45 developed VTE (7.2%). After a median follow-up of 14.6 days, VTE had been diagnosed in 3 of the 2075 admitted who were discharged alive (0.14%). Among 6153 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or treated in emergency departments, we did not find evidence of unusually high VTE risk. Pending further evidence from prospective, controlled trials, our findings support a traditional approach to primary VTE prevention in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003083 doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003083 id: cord-027031-3olk1i7v author: Hillson, Rowan title: COVID‐19: diabetes and death. A call to action date: 2020-06-09 words: 1601.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 74.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027031-3olk1i7v.txt summary: ''Adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, region and cardiovascular comorbidity, the odds ratio for dying in-hospital with COVID-19 in people with Type 1 diabetes compared to the population without known diabetes was 2.86 and 1.81 for people with Type 2 diabetes.'' Deaths in people with diabetes have more than doubled during the COVID-19 epidemic 3 The study above only included people who died in hospital. Compared with people with normal renal function, the risk of COVID-19 related death with an eGFR of 30-44 was 2.16 in type 1 diabetes and 1.75 in type 2 diabetes. 6 In a US study of 1122 people with COVID-19 in hospital, 451 had diabetes (defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%) and/ or uncontrolled hyperglycaemia among whom 28.8% died compared with 6.2% of other patients. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 related mortality in England: a cohort study in people with diabetes abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300709/ doi: 10.1002/pdi.2271 id: cord-354371-321vd28d author: Hinchman, Angelica title: Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020 words: 6584.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354371-321vd28d.txt summary: From a local focus on New Orleans to a global perspective, we relate how rapidly changing healthcare policy, evolving use of technology, and social media dynamics played roles in perception and response to the pandemic. 54, 55 Despite the predictable increase in the need for mental health support, resources were reallocated to support primary care and hospital settings to directly address COVID-19 infection, leaving mental health services insufficiently prioritized in New Orleans. 60 Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs for isolating patients, limiting exposure, providing medical maintenance, and delivering essential care have highlighted telemedicine as a critically important solution for healthcare delivery. Innovative primary care solutions must address community inequity and the social determinants of health, clearly illustrated in Louisiana where African Americans account for the vastly disproportionate majority of COVID-19-associated cases and fatalities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612464/ doi: 10.31486/toj.20.0059 id: cord-301309-qzkhi6gw author: Hindilerden, Fehmi title: Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case date: 2020-07-05 words: 1211.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301309-qzkhi6gw.txt summary: title: Covid-19 associated autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of a case As previously reported, patients with Covid-19 may show a range of immune complications, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (OIHA), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), Guillain-Barré and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Here we present a confirmed case of Covid-19 presenting with autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We propose that autoimmune TTP, can be a severe autoimmune complication in Covid-19 patients and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA). Common conditions associated with secondary TTP including lymphoproliferative disorders, other autoimmune disorders and collagen vascular diseases were excluded in our patient, which suggests that acquired TTP was driven by Covid-19 infection. et al reported the single case in the literature of a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with acquired autoimmune TTP following the diagnosis of Covid-19 [11] . Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820302966 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.005 id: cord-335244-kyg8rx4o author: Hines, Kristen title: Publier en contexte de pandémie de COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 598.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335244-kyg8rx4o.txt summary: 1 and Togas Tulandi, M.D. MHCH 2 Rédactrice adjointe, JOGC Rédacteur en chef, JOGC Les observations anecdotiques rapportées dans les revues médicales indiquent que la pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des répercussions sur notre travail dans un certain nombre de domaines, y compris le volume des soumissions, la disponibilité et la rapidité des évaluateurs, la réactivité des réviseurs et même la démographie des auteurs 1 . L''Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, un collectif d''éditeurs en libre accès, est à la recherche d''experts prêts à examiner des articles sur la COVID-19, à le faire rapidement et à accepter de surveiller les articles prépublication afin de distinguer ceux de haute qualité 3 . La Society for Scholarly Publishing note également que les sociétés et leurs revues produisent aussi des vidéos, des baladodiffusions, des fiches techniques, des centres de patients, des éditoriaux et des résumés par rapport à la COVID-19 1 .Bon nombre de ces ressources nécessitent une mise à jour régulière en temps réel. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1701216320304801?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.06.004 id: cord-282620-nv2tg68j author: Hinz, S. title: Internet-based tool for visualizing county and state level COVID-19 trends in the United States. date: 2020-05-18 words: 1655.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282620-nv2tg68j.txt summary: We developed an interactive web application that allows users to visualize the spread of COVID-19 in the Unites States at state and county levels. In order to track and visualize the spread of coronavirus disease and evaluate trends in response to state government interventions in the United States, we developed an automatically updating Shiny application. This application enables users to view trends in numbers of verified COVID-19 infections and deaths as reported by county health departments across the United States. Additionally, we allow for users to filter the data based on previous dates, as well as normalize the number of confirmed infections or deaths by a state or county''s population (per 100K residents). The tool reports confirmed COVID-19 infections and deaths at the state and county level and is automatically updated daily. The interactive map of the US allows users to visualize the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 infections (Figure 1 ) with plots for summary statistics, data transformations, and trends for the US. abstract: The novel COVID-19 outbreak started in 2019 in Wuhan China and quickly spread to at least 185 countries. We developed an interactive web application that allows users to visualize the spread of COVID-19 in the Unites States at state and county levels. This tool allows visualization of how the virus spreads over time and how state-wide efforts to reduce transmissions have affected the curve in local areas. The downloadable application data allows users to conduct additional analyses. We demonstrate exemplars of trend analyses comparing the daily infection and death rates before and after safer at home orders were implemented per state. The goal was to develop a COVID-19 tracking tool that informs users about the spread of the virus to enable them to make informed decisions after better understanding the presented data. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20095851 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20095851 id: cord-346811-gorp9n1g author: Hippisley-Cox, Julia title: Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people date: 2020-07-31 words: 5104.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346811-gorp9n1g.txt summary: We report a large, population-based study where we examined the drug histories of approximately 20% of all patients tested positive for coronavirus in England to determine if there was an independent association between ACE inhibitor and ARB drug prescription and severe COVID-19 disease susceptibility and progression. We extracted data from the GP record for explanatory and potential confounding variables including variables with some evidence of being risk factors for COVID-19 disease or severe disease as measured by ICU admission and variables likely to influence prescribing of ACE inhibitors and ARB medications. In this very large population-based study, ACE inhibitor and ARB prescriptions were associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 RT-PCR positive disease, having adjusted for a wide range of demographic factors, potential comorbidities and other medication. 11 In our study, prior prescription of ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs did not have a significant effect on the risk of patients developing COVID-19 disease severe enough to require ICU care. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the associations of angiotensive enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs with COVID-19 disease. We studied whether patients prescribed these drugs had altered risks of contracting severe COVID-19 disease and receiving associated intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study using routinely collected data from 1205 general practices in England with 8.28 million participants aged 20–99 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to derive adjusted HRs for exposure to ACE inhibitor and ARB drugs adjusted for sociodemographic factors, concurrent medications and geographical region. The primary outcomes were: (a) COVID-19 RT-PCR diagnosed disease and (b) COVID-19 disease resulting in ICU care. FINDINGS: Of 19 486 patients who had COVID-19 disease, 1286 received ICU care. ACE inhibitors were associated with a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 disease (adjusted HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.74) but no increased risk of ICU care (adjusted HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.06) after adjusting for a wide range of confounders. Adjusted HRs for ARBs were 0.63 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.67) for COVID-19 disease and 1.02 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.25) for ICU care. There were significant interactions between ethnicity and ACE inhibitors and ARBs for COVID-19 disease. The risk of COVID-19 disease associated with ACE inhibitors was higher in Caribbean (adjusted HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.28) and Black African (adjusted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.59) groups than the white group (adjusted HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.70). A higher risk of COVID-19 with ARBs was seen for Black African (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.58) than the white (adjusted HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.62) group. INTERPRETATION: ACE inhibitors and ARBs are associated with reduced risks of COVID-19 disease after adjusting for a wide range of variables. Neither ACE inhibitors nor ARBs are associated with significantly increased risks of receiving ICU care. Variations between different ethnic groups raise the possibility of ethnic-specific effects of ACE inhibitors/ARBs on COVID-19 disease susceptibility and severity which deserves further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317393 id: cord-269417-dtu7711x author: Hirashima, Tomonori title: Factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients: A retrospective single-center study date: 2020-10-10 words: 4080.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269417-dtu7711x.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The illness severity of Japanese COVID-Pts was associated with older age, hypertension and/or diabetes, low serum albumin, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein. Therefore, we undertook this study, among mainly Japanese patients, to examine factors significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in symptomatic patients. As specified in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines [12] , in this study, the illness severity of patients with COVID-19 at the time of hospitalization was stratified into the following four categories: asymptomatic or presymptomatic infection, mild/moderate, severe, and critical illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe in detail, the factors associated with both disease severity and the treatment approach, including tocilizumab and IHDMPPT among Japanese COVID-19-pts. A recent study [17] reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in 104 people with SARS-CoV-2 infection on a cruise ship in Japan. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japanese patients is unreported. We retrospectively examined significant factors associated with disease severity in symptomatic COVID-19 patients (COVID-Pts) admitted to our institution between February 20 and April 30, 2020. METHODS: All patients were diagnosed based on the genetic detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Information on the initial symptoms, laboratory data, and computed tomography (CT) images at hospitalization were collected from the patients’ records. COVID-Pts were categorized as those with critical or severe illness (Pts-CSI) or those with moderate or mild illness (Pt-MMI). All statistical analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS: Data from 61 patients (16 Pt–CSI, 45 Pt-MMI), including 58 Japanese and three East Asians, were analyzed. Pt–CSI were significantly older and had hypertension or diabetes than Pt-MMI (P < 0.001, 0.014 and < 0.001, respectively). Serum albumin levels were significantly lower in Pt–CSI than in Pt-MMI (P < 0.001), whereas the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein level were significantly higher in Pt–CSI than in Pt-MMI (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the CT images of 60 patients, bilateral lung lesions were more frequently observed in Pt–CSI than in Pt-MMI (P = 0.013). Among the 16 Pt–CSI, 15 received antiviral therapy, 12 received tocilizumab, five underwent methylprednisolone treatment, six received mechanical ventilation, and one died. CONCLUSIONS: The illness severity of Japanese COVID-Pts was associated with older age, hypertension and/or diabetes, low serum albumin, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051144/ doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.022 id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 words: 3937.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt summary: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery abstract: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. These are secondary to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immunosuppressive responses to surgery and mechanical ventilation. Thus, the need to establish guidelines for the practice of cardiothoracic surgery which is safe for both the patient and the healthcare team presents as a priority, which is the mainstay of this article. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w id: cord-343643-if04rgzi author: Hirko, Kelly A title: Telehealth in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Implications for Rural Health Disparities date: 2020-06-26 words: 1924.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343643-if04rgzi.txt summary: Here, we provide specific examples of telehealth efforts that have been implemented in a large rural healthcare system in response to the pandemic, and further describe how the massive shift to telehealth and reliance on virtual connections in these times of social isolation may impact rural health disparities for those without access to necessary broadband to deploy digital technologies. [20] The massive shift to telehealth and reliance on virtual connections in these times of social isolation may have created an additional health disparity for the millions of rural Americans without access to necessary broadband to deploy digital technologies. The rapid implementation of telehealth programs in rural areas in response to the COVID-19 pandemic holds tremendous potential for addressing rural health disparities. Finally, research to investigate unintended consequences of telehealth initiatives in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are also needed to ensure that these initiatives do not amplify existing health disparities experienced by those living in rural communities. abstract: Telehealth programs have long held promise for addressing rural health disparities perpetuated by inadequate healthcare access. The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying social distancing measures have hastened the implementation of telehealth programs in hospital systems around the globe. Here, we provide specific examples of telehealth efforts that have been implemented in a large rural healthcare system in response to the pandemic, and further describe how the massive shift to telehealth and reliance on virtual connections in these times of social isolation may impact rural health disparities for those without access to necessary broadband to deploy digital technologies. Finally, we provide recommendations for researchers and policy makers to ensure that telehealth initiatives do not amplify existing health disparities experienced by those living in rural communities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589735/ doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa156 id: cord-278702-hacapz8l author: Hirshberg, Adi title: Care of critically ill pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a case series date: 2020-05-01 words: 1904.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278702-hacapz8l.txt summary: This was a retrospective, multicenter case series of symptomatic pregnant women who had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and required critical care. The clinical courses of 5 pregnant women with severe cases of COVID-19 disease, all requiring mechanical ventilation, are described below and summarized in the Table. Case 2 involved a 33-year-old G6P5005 with mild asthma who presented, at 26 weeks of gestation, with worsening fevers and respiratory symptoms for 10 days. She was febrile, tachypneic, and hypoxic (with an O 2 saturation level of 86%) on arrival, had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 testing, and displayed multifocal pneumonia based on chest imaging. The results of 2 initial SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative, although she remained critically ill and required vasopressor support. At present, limited data are available on critically ill pregnant women with COVID-19, as evidenced by varying management of our 5 cases. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371056/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.029 id: cord-331120-bp1obxd4 author: Ho, B. title: A Case for Palliative Dermatology: COVID-19-related Dermatoses()() date: 2020-06-05 words: 630.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331120-bp1obxd4.txt summary: We present a case of COVID-19-related urticaria manifesting in a palliative setting and responding well to systemic antihistamine. COVID-19 has been reported to be associated with many systemic symptoms including dermatological manifestations with urticarial eruptions commonly reported in various papers [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . As in our case, COVID-19-related urticaria can manifest in a palliative setting and responds well to systemic antihistamine. Dermatological conditions may often be overlooked in a palliative care setting, and sometimes rightfully so, especially in the last moments of a patient''s journey. However, we as dermatologists, can further help our medical and nursing colleagues by providing diagnostic and management advice in helping patients in their terminal hospital or hospice admission which has traditionally been guided solely by the palliative care teams. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Palliative dermatology -An area of care yet to be explored abstract: The unprecendented COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems in different ones. In the United Kingdom, various subspecialties were deployed to the wards to help medical workforce in the frontlines, with dermatologists helping with general medical wards and on-calls. We present a case of COVID-19-related urticaria manifesting in a palliative setting and responding well to systemic antihistamine. This pandemic has highlighted a new subspecialty that should be explored and researched – palliative dermatology – bridging elements of dermatology with the concepts of palliative medicine. As dermatologists, we should be in the position to help with the last stages of a patient's journey. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738081X20301310?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.06.001 id: cord-257309-sazs5wgh author: Ho, Hsi-en title: Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City date: 2020-10-08 words: 1341.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257309-sazs5wgh.txt summary: title: Clinical Outcomes and Features of Covid-19 in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies in New York City Main Text: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remains an ongoing pandemic, and data on the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are limited (1) (2) (3) . Here, we report the clinical features and outcomes of Covid-19 in patients from a large PID center in New York City during this period. Twelve out of 16 patients required hospitalization, 5 of which involved intensive care unit In all, 4/16 individuals died (CVID, n=2; hypogammaglobulinemia, n=1; IgA-IgG2 deficiency, n=1) and 12/16 individuals recovered from COVID-19. Lymphopenia in Covid-19 has been associated with disease severity in patients without PIDs (5) . This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI). abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213219820311028 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.052 id: cord-300039-h7pk9mh8 author: Ho, Jamie S. Y. title: A Call for Vaccine Against COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Healthcare Utilization date: 2020-05-08 words: 1015.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300039-h7pk9mh8.txt summary: Cardiac injury is also associated with cardiovascular co-morbidities and increases risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality [2] . Overall, it is clear that viral respiratory infections may increase the risk of subsequent MI, and prevention of infection by vaccination may be a useful strategy in reducing acute cardiac events at the population level. A vaccine against this virus may play a role in the routine management of cardiovascular patients to reduce secondary events in this high-risk population similar to the influenza vaccine. Current research and development of vaccines has led to much progress, and with further testing, they may halt the spread of morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19 and its complications on cardiovascular disease and care provision. Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385785/ doi: 10.1007/s10557-020-06985-z id: cord-319998-dkk2motm author: Ho, Jing-Mao title: Unequal discourses: Problems of the current model of world health development date: 2020-09-09 words: 2483.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319998-dkk2motm.txt summary: In contrast to the praise of China''s efforts of containing COVID-19, the WHO''s narrative of the West African nations affected by EVD highlighted their poverty, political instability, and cultural traditions. Rather, we wish to highlight that the WHO''s positive narrative of China''s role in the current pandemic and the negative narrative of the capacity of West African nations to contain EVD created a partial (in both senses of the term) picture of the respective health crises. The dramatic differences in the WHO''s discourses on COVID-19 and EVD remind us that the world is not only divided by health disparities but also by the power plays of international politics. The WHO''s unbalanced emphasis on different practices and ''''traits" of member states allows us to see that it is not immune to taking on the biases found in international politics and as a consequence has failed to uphold the principles of egalitarianism and neutrality in global health governance upon which it is founded. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed institutional deficiencies in world health development. This viewpoint paper examines the allegations about the partiality and political bias of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) response to world health emergencies. We draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the WHO’s Director-General’s speeches pertaining to the COVID-19 and EVD outbreaks. We find that the WHO’s discourse on COVID-19 praised the Chinese government’s role in the containment. By contrast, the WHO’s discourse on the African countries fighting to contain Ebola centered on the unpreparedness of these countries. We argue that the WHO’s unbalanced emphasis on different practices and “traits” of member states paints a partial picture of global health emergencies, thus it fails to uphold its founding principles of egalitarianism and impartiality. Finally, we put forward suggestions about a more equal and fairer model of world health development. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305750X2030303X doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105176 id: cord-314893-6zepsday author: Ho, Quan Yao title: Evaluating Potential Deceased Donor Renal Transplant Recipients for Asymptomatic COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 701.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314893-6zepsday.txt summary: W e present a case of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosed in a hemodialysis patient during deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT) evaluation and discuss the challenges of excluding COVID-19 before transplantation. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on respiratory specimens is used to confirm COVID-19, but its sensitivity may be affected by the patient''s functional status, type of respiratory specimen, and collection technique 3 and has been reported to be initially negative, especially in mild or early illness. Chest radiography may be a useful adjunct in the screening of COVID-19 but is not sensitive in mild or early disease. In a recent meta-analysis, CT was suggested to be more sensitive than real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 3 but can be also negative in mild or early disease. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000001010 doi: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001010 id: cord-281948-xv7vuypd author: Hoang, Ansel title: COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review date: 2020-06-26 words: 4065.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281948-xv7vuypd.txt summary: We included published or in press peer-reviewed cross-sectional, case series, and case reports providing clinical signs, imaging findings, and/or laboratory results of pediatric patients who were positive for COVID-19. Data collected included the type of article (e.g., case series), country of origin, number of pediatric patients, demographic information, and all clinical symptoms (e. Compared to that review and other COVID-19 pediatric systematic reviews, [18À21] this manuscript has several key advantages: (1) we summarize 131 studies that includes 7780 children from 26 different countries, (2) this report synthesizes underlying pediatric medical conditions and delineates bacterial and viral coinfections, (3) we quantitatively describe clinical symptoms and imaging findings, (4) herein, we conglomerate the mean and standard deviation of frequently used laboratory analytes in COVID-19 positive children, (5) our report presents antiviral therapies by specific agents, and (6) our systematic review offers a preliminary comparison of patients with/without MIS-C. abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies summarizing the clinical picture of COVID-19 in children are lacking. This review characterizes clinical symptoms, laboratory, and imaging findings, as well as therapies provided to confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19. METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched four medical databases (PubMed, LitCovid, Scopus, WHO COVID-19 database) between December 1, 2019 to May 14, 2020 using the keywords “novel coronavirus”, “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2”. We included published or in press peer-reviewed cross-sectional, case series, and case reports providing clinical signs, imaging findings, and/or laboratory results of pediatric patients who were positive for COVID-19. Risk of bias was appraised through the quality assessment tool published by the National Institutes of Health. PROSPERO registration # CRD42020182261. FINDINGS: We identified 131 studies across 26 countries comprising 7780 pediatric patients. Although fever (59·1%) and cough (55·9%) were the most frequent symptoms 19·3% of children were asymptomatic. Patchy lesions (21·0%) and ground-glass opacities (32·9%) depicted lung radiograph and computed tomography findings, respectively. Immunocompromised children or those with respiratory/cardiac disease comprised the largest subset of COVID-19 children with underlying medical conditions (152 of 233 individuals). Coinfections were observed in 5.6% of children and abnormal laboratory markers included serum D-dimer, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, and interleukin-6. Seven deaths were reported (0·09%) and 11 children (0·14%) met inclusion for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. INTERPRETATION: This review provides evidence that children diagnosed with COVID-19 have an overall excellent prognosis. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and better understand which patients are at increased risk for developing severe inflammation and multiorgan failure. FUNDING: Parker B. Francis and pilot grant from 2R25-HL126140. Funding agencies had no involvement in the study. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589537020301772 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100433 id: cord-346995-2e84y1hl author: Hoang, Van Minh title: Describing the pattern of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam date: 2020-06-26 words: 2412.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346995-2e84y1hl.txt summary: In Vietnam, a middle-income country with a population of more than 96 million people, the first case of COVID-19 was detected on 23 January 2020. Vietnam mobilised participation from its entire political system to fight the COVID-19 epidemic, employing the principle ''Early detection, strict quarantine, isolation as well as active treatment'', and achieved some initial successes. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients detected in the two phases of the epidemic in Vietnam. Although Vietnam achieved initial success in providing timely treatment to the COVID-19 patients as well as in containing the spread of the disease in the community, further proactive and comprehensive actions to tackle the COVID-19 epidemic in this country must be carried out as the global pandemic proceeds. abstract: Given the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the huge negative impacts it is causing, researching on COVID-19-related issues is very important for designing proactive and comprehensive public health interventions to fight against the pandemic. We describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients detected in the two phases of the epidemic in Vietnam. Data used in this paper were mainly obtained from the official database of the Ministry of Health of Vietnam. Descriptive statistics were carried out using Stata 16 software. As of 18 May 2020, the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases detected in Vietnam was 324, 16 cases from 4 cities and provinces in the first phase (during 20 days, 0.8 cases detected per day) and 308 cases from 35 cities, provinces in the second phase (during 76 days, 4.1 cases detected per day). Vietnam has mobilized its entire political system to fight the COVID-19 and achieved some initial successes. We found both similarities and differences between the two phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam. We demonstrated that the situation of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam is getting more complicated and unpredictable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588779/ doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1776526 id: cord-339124-m7choyr6 author: Hoang, Van-Thuan title: Hajj and Umrah Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-11-03 words: 4380.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339124-m7choyr6.txt summary: In order to avoid a COVID-19 outbreak with potential spreading to many countries through returning pilgrims, Saudi Arabia suspended the Umrah, and access to the 2020 Hajj was very limited. The KSA Ministry of Health recommends individual preventive measures such as use of face mask and disposable handkerchiefs and hand hygiene to mitigate the risk of RTIs. However, the efficacy of these measures against RTIs is debated [35] , and there have been no reliable controlled studies investigating their efficacy on the incidence of Hajj-related RTIs. The use of face masks may not provide optimal protection from infection, but that may reduce the spread of smallsized saliva droplets around when coughing or sneezing which is the main mode of transmission of most RTIs. Mandatory use of face mask in public places is considered one of the effective measures in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic [54] [55] [56] , but no investigation has been conducted in the context of MGs so far. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We discuss the risk of COVID-19 in religious mass gathering events including Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. RECENT FINDINGS: The risk of transmission of respiratory viruses including COVID-19 is particularly high due to the overcrowding conditions at the Hajj and Umrah. The profile of the Hajj pilgrims who tend to be older and with multiple comorbidities corresponds to that of individuals at risk for severe COVID-19. In order to avoid a COVID-19 outbreak with potential spreading to many countries through returning pilgrims, Saudi Arabia suspended the Umrah, and access to the 2020 Hajj was very limited. SUMMARY: A clear relation between early suspension of religious mass gatherings and lower occurrence of COVID-19 transmission in countries that took such measures promptly was noticed. There are lessons to national and international health organizations for other mass gatherings in the context of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169095/ doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00218-x id: cord-136138-baxmoutj author: Hobson, Stacy title: Trust and Transparency in Contact Tracing Applications date: 2020-06-19 words: 6464.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-136138-baxmoutj.txt summary: An example includes Contact Tracing Applications -those focused on identifying individuals who are at risk for developing COVID-19 through exposure to a person later identified as having been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies two types of digital contact tracing solutions -one focused on streamlining the capture and management of data on cases and contacts, the other on using Bluetooth or GPS to track an individuals exposure to an infected person [14] . One key benefit of contact tracing that applies to both manual efforts and digital applications is the ability to identify people who are exposed to an infected individual to encourage testing and quarantine. 3) Identifying outbreak ''hot spots'': Contact tracing solutions that capture location details in association with infections and exposures may be useful in identifying areas where 1) infections are growing, 2) the number of cases exceed a threshold, or 3) congregations of large groups of people are enabling rapid transmission. abstract: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has led to focus on efforts to manage and mitigate the continued spread of the disease. One of these efforts include the use of contact tracing to identify people who are at-risk of developing the disease through exposure to an infected person. Historically, contact tracing has been primarily manual but given the exponential spread of the virus that causes COVID-19, there has been significant interest in the development and use of digital contact tracing solutions to supplement the work of human contact tracers. The collection and use of sensitive personal details by these applications has led to a number of concerns by the stakeholder groups with a vested interest in these solutions. We explore digital contact tracing solutions in detail and propose the use of a transparent reporting mechanism, FactSheets, to provide transparency of and support trust in these applications. We also provide an example FactSheet template with questions that are specific to the contact tracing application domain. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11356v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-289859-b1k9uyp6 author: Hodges, Kevin title: Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device date: 2020-08-13 words: 1055.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289859-b1k9uyp6.txt summary: title: Successful management of COVID‐19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device Patients with durable left ventricular assist devices pose special problems for management in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. We describe the successful management of a 44‐year‐old man with severe COVID‐19 infection and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device. Patients with durable left ventricular devices (LVADs) pose special problems for management in the setting of COVID-19 infection. [1] [2] [3] We present the case of a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy supported by durable LVAD who developed severe COVID-19 infection with acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by coagulopathy. Management of COVID-19 infection in the context of durable LVAD support requires careful institutional planning and a multidisciplinary approach. Successful management of COVID-19 and associated coagulopathy in a patient with durable left ventricular assist device abstract: Patients with durable left ventricular assist devices pose special problems for management in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. We describe the successful management of a 44‐year‐old man with severe COVID‐19 infection and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device. His course was complicated by cytokine storm and COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy. We describe our institutional protocol for managing COVID‐19 infection in patients on mechanical circulatory support, focusing on the need for a thoughtful, multidisciplinary approach. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14937 doi: 10.1111/jocs.14937 id: cord-346050-ssv1arr1 author: Hodgkinson, Tarah title: Show me a man or a woman alone and I''ll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-20 words: 7113.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346050-ssv1arr1.txt summary: This creates an opportunity to explore the preliminary effects of this lockdown on crime trends in one of Canada''s major cities, with the intention of determining if the shift in opportunity structures have changed crime trends and to improve planning for safety and crime prevention for potential further outbreaks of the pandemic and future exceptional events. Opportunity theories, such as routine activities theory, would predict that during an exceptional event, crime rates will both increase and decrease depending on the crime type and the shift in opportunity structure (Leither et al., 2011) . Routine activity theory argues that in order for a crime event to occur, a suitable target, a motivated offender, and the lack of a capable guardian need to come together in time and space (Cohen & Felson, 1979) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of various crime types (property, violent, and mischief) in Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Crime data representing residential burglary, commercial burglary, theft of vehicle, theft from vehicle, theft, violence, and mischief are analysed at the city level using interrupted time series techniques. RESULTS: While COVID-19 has not had an impact on all crime types, statistically significant change has been identified in a number of cases. Depending on the crime type, the magnitude and direction of the change in frequency varies. It is argued that (mandated) social restrictions, shifted activity patterns and opportunity structures which are responsible for these findings. CONCLUSIONS: We find support for changes in the frequency of particular crime types during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706 id: cord-279904-hfnlp6qv author: Hoedl, M. title: COVID-19 among nursing staff: Settings and regional differences date: 2020-08-17 words: 3765.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279904-hfnlp6qv.txt summary: statistically significant differences between the settings and the federal provinces with regard to the COVID-19 symptoms reported, but not the test results. statistically significant differences between the settings and the federal provinces with regard to the COVID-19 symptoms reported, but not the test results. Hence, we designed and carried out the current study to investigate settings and specific regional differences with regard to COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnoses among nursing staff. In this study, we investigated the effect of settings and regional differences on the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnosis by nursing staff. However, these findings might be explained by the fact that we asked the nursing staff retrospectively; at the time of our data collection, the provinces of Lower and Upper Austria were reporting relatively high numbers of COVID-19affected persons. abstract: Purpose This study was carried out to describe settings of and regional differences in the occurrence of COVID-19 among nursing staff, analysing COVID-19 symptoms, testing and diagnosis procedures. Design We used an online survey to conduct this cross-sectional study among nursing staff in different settings. Data collection was carried out between 12 May and 13 July 2020. Methods The survey included questions that allowed us to collect demographic data (e.g. age), professional qualifications (e.g. nurse, nurse aid) and data regarding the federal states and settings in which the participants worked. In additon, we asked the participants to describe their COVID-19 symptoms, if any were experienced, and the result of COVID-19 testing that they underwent. We used descriptive statistics as well as bivariate analysis methods to calculate differences. Findings More than 80% of the nursing staff (N = 2600) were women, nearly half of these staff members worked in the province of Styria and about three-quarters worked in hospitals. In general, nearly every sixth nurse reported experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. We found statistically significant differences between the settings and the federal provinces with regard to the COVID-19 symptoms reported, but not the test results. The highest porportion of nurses who experienced symptoms worked in lower Austria and in the primary care sector. In total, 1.6% of the participating nurses were tested for COVID-19, as well as about 1% of the nurses who worked in the nursing homes. The highest number of tests were carried out in Vienna followed by the province of Burgenland. In total, all of the nurses who underwent testing were diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusions Only 1% of the nurses who worked in nursing homes were tested. This group of nurses takes care of the most vulnerable and high-risk group in Austrian society. Therefore, the nursing home staff should have the possibility to be tested even though they did not experience/report any symptoms. The highest prorportion of nurses who experienced symptoms worked in the primary care sector. In the future during a pandemic, health care staff should be comprehensively tested in all settings. Clinical Relevance Providing insights into COVID-19 symptoms experienced by nursing staff workforce and testing for COVID-19 can help us address these aspects in future pandemics more efficiently. In addition, these insights can help to shift the perspectives from critical and acute settings to other settings, e.g. nursing homes. This is an important change in perspectives, as these nurses have worked with the most vulnerable and high-risk group during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring the safety of nursing home residents and providing, high-quality nursing care and interventions can reduce hospital admission rates, decrease health care costs during such pandemics and might even reduce secondary morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.14.20174797 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20174797 id: cord-343822-k00ng5nl author: Hoekman, Lieke Michaela title: The Dutch COVID-19 approach: Regional differences in a small country.: The Dutch COVID-19 approach. date: 2020-08-27 words: 6123.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343822-k00ng5nl.txt summary: Due to regional variation in COVID-19 hospitalization rates, this paper focuses on three distinct regions; the initial epicenter; the most northern provinces which – contrary to national policy – decided not to switch to mitigation; and the Bible Belt, as congregations of religious groups were initially excluded from the ban on group formation. A better understanding of the impact of the country"s approach on the spread of the virus requires a nation-wide description of COVID-19 trends, the government"s approach of policies regarding citizens" health, the health system, and the economy. These included ICU hospitalization rates, R0-trends, and the number of people tested positive for the virus -both at the national and regional level (33) . Testing the herd immunity level is in line with the COVID-19 approach of the Netherlands of maximum control of the spread of the virus, rather than complete containment. abstract: OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, including policies to reduce the health-related and economic consequences. The Netherlands started with containment yet shifted to mitigation when a ‘mild’ lockdown was implemented. The initial focus was to obtain herd immunity while preventing Intensive Care Units from getting overwhelmed. METHODS: An in-depth analysis of available national and international COVID-19 data sources was conducted. Due to regional variation in COVID-19 hospitalization rates, this paper focuses on three distinct regions; the initial epicenter; the most northern provinces which – contrary to national policy – decided not to switch to mitigation; and the Bible Belt, as congregations of religious groups were initially excluded from the ban on group formation. RESULTS: On August 11(th), 6,159 COVID-19 deaths were reported with excess mortality rates about 70% higher. As a result of the pandemic, the economy took a severe hit and is predicted to reduce by 6.5% compared to prognosis. The hospitalization rates in the northern regions are over 70% lower as compared to the rest of the country (18 vs 66 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). Differences between the Bible Belt and the rest of the country were hardly detectable. CONCLUSION: the Dutch have shown a way to effectively slow down transmission while allowing more personal and economic freedom than most other countries. Furthermore, the regional differences suggest that containment with testing and tracing reduced the virus dissemination. The results should be interpreted with caution, due to the descriptive nature of this evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874861/ doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.008 id: cord-350817-tmszrtju author: Hoepel, Willianne title: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses date: 2020-07-13 words: 5626.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt summary: Here, we show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induces a hyper-inflammatory response by human macrophages, which subsequently breaks pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induces microvascular thrombosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that anti-Spike IgG immune complexes generated from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induce a strong pro-inflammatory response by (otherwise immunosuppressive) human M2 macrophages, which is characterized by high production of classical cytokine storm mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. As shown in Figure 4A , the used human macrophage model highly expressed all FcγRs. To determine whether FcγRs are involved in activation by anti-Spike immune complexes, we blocked the different FcγRs with specific antibodies during stimulation, and analyzed cytokine production. In conclusion, our data show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients strongly amplifies pro-inflammatory responses by human macrophages, and can contribute to subsequent endothelial barrier disruption and thrombosis. abstract: For yet unknown reasons, severely ill COVID-19 patients often become critically ill around the time of activation of adaptive immunity. Here, we show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induces a hyper-inflammatory response by human macrophages, which subsequently breaks pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induces microvascular thrombosis. The excessive inflammatory capacity of this anti-Spike IgG is related to glycosylation changes in the IgG Fc tail. Moreover, the hyper-inflammatory response induced by anti-Spike IgG can be specifically counteracted in vitro by use of the active component of fostamatinib, an FDA- and EMA-approved therapeutic small molecule inhibitor of Syk. One sentence summary Anti-Spike IgG promotes hyper-inflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.190140 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.13.190140 id: cord-282097-a1pwq4fi author: Hoertel, N. title: Dexamethasone use and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-10-27 words: 4403.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282097-a1pwq4fi.txt summary: When examining the association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone received during the visit and the endpoint, we found that the administration of a cumulative dose between 60 mg to 150 mg among patients who required respiratory support was significantly associated with a lower risk of death in the crude, unadjusted analysis (HR, 0.28; SE, 0.58, p=0.028), the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.24; SE, 0.65, p=0.030), and in the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample (HR, 0.32; SE, 0.58, p=0.048), whereas no significant association was observed with a different dose. When examining the association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone received during the visit and the endpoint, we found that the administration of a cumulative dose between 60 mg to 150 mg among patients who required respiratory support was significantly associated with a lower risk of death in the crude, unadjusted analysis (HR, 0.28; SE, 0.58, p=0.028), the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.24; SE, 0.65, p=0.030), and in the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample (HR, 0.32; SE, 0.58, p=0.048), whereas no significant association was observed with a different dose. abstract: Objective: To examine the association between dexamethasone use and mortality among hospitalized patients for COVID-19. Design: Multicenter observational retrospective cohort study. Setting: Greater Paris University hospitals, France. Participants: 12,217 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 between 24 January and 20 May 2020, including 171 patients (1.4%) who received dexamethasone orally or by intravenous perfusion during the visit. Data source: Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris Health Data Warehouse. Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was time to death. We compared this endpoint between patients who received dexamethasone and those who did not in time-to-event analyses adjusting for sex, age, obesity, current smoking status, any medical condition associated with increased COVID-19-related mortality, and clinical and biological severity of COVID-19 at admission, while stratifying by the need of respiratory support (i.e., oxygen or intubation). The primary analysis was a multivariable Cox model and the secondary analysis used a univariate Cox regression in a matched analytic sample. Results: Among patients who required respiratory support, the end-point event of death occurred in 10 patients (15.9%) who received dexamethasone and 298 patients (26.4%) who did not. In this group of patients, there was a significant association between dexamethasone use and reduced mortality in both the crude, unadjusted analysis (hazard ratio (HR), 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.87, p=0.021) and the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.96, p=0.039). In the sensitivity analysis, the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample yielded a same tendency, albeit non-significant (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.08 to 1.14, p=0.077). Among patients without respiratory support, the end-point event of death occurred in 14 patients (13.0%) who received dexamethasone and 1,086 patients (10.0%) who did not. In this group of patients, there was no significant association between dexamethasone use and the endpoint. When examining the association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone received during the visit and the endpoint, we found that the administration of a cumulative dose between 60 mg to 150 mg among patients who required respiratory support was significantly associated with a lower risk of death in the crude, unadjusted analysis (HR, 0.28; SE, 0.58, p=0.028), the adjusted multivariable analysis (HR, 0.24; SE, 0.65, p=0.030), and in the univariate Cox regression model in the matched analytic sample (HR, 0.32; SE, 0.58, p=0.048), whereas no significant association was observed with a different dose. Among patients without respiratory support, there was no significant association between the cumulative dose of dexamethasone and the endpoint in the crude and in the adjusted multivariable analyses. Conclusions: In this observational study involving patients with Covid-19 who had been admitted to the hospital, dexamethasone use administered either orally or by intravenous injection at a cumulative dose between 60 mg and 150 mg was associated with decreased mortality among those requiring respiratory support. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.23.20218172v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.23.20218172 id: cord-354885-fkgr2o9i author: Hoffer-Hawlik, Michael A. title: Leveraging Telemedicine for Chronic Disease Management in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During Covid-19 date: 2020-09-15 words: 1545.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354885-fkgr2o9i.txt summary: In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, many lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) expanded access to telemedicine to maintain essential health services. Telemedicine can not only maintain essential medical care for chronic disease patients in LMICs throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, but also strengthen primary health care delivery and reduce socio-economic disparities in health care access over the long-term. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) expanded access to telemedicine to maintain essential medical care when face-to-face visits are unsafe. Although there has been attention to the accelerated growth of telemedicine services in the United States and other high-income countries, the telemedicine revolution may have an even greater benefit in LMICs, where it could improve health care access for vulnerable and geographically remote patients [1, 2] . Telemedicine can play a key role not only in maintaining essential health services for chronic disease patients in LMICs during the Covid-19 pandemic, but also in long-term primary health care strengthening. abstract: In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) expanded access to telemedicine to maintain essential health services. Although there has been attention to the accelerated growth of telemedicine in the United States and other high-income countries, the telemedicine revolution may have an even greater benefit in LMICs, where it could improve health care access for vulnerable and geographically remote patients. In this article, we survey the expansion of telemedicine for chronic disease management in LMICs and describe seven key steps needed to implement telemedicine in LMIC settings. Telemedicine can not only maintain essential medical care for chronic disease patients in LMICs throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, but also strengthen primary health care delivery and reduce socio-economic disparities in health care access over the long-term. url: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.852 doi: 10.5334/gh.852 id: cord-301192-wif0te3w author: Hoffman, David A title: Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 5793.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt summary: The current public health emergency necessitates a detailed look at the federal and state telehealth regulations to determine what changes will properly incentivize rapid adoption of the technology while also mitigating concerns related to safety, privacy, cybersecurity, and how best to assist underserved communities and people. Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 5 CMS also will now provide for reimbursement for RPM services for acute conditions as well as chronic, and that expansion will extend beyond the public health emergency. Further, covered entities (and their business associates) must apply the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards of the HIPAA Security Rule to electronic protected health information." 33 However, in a March 30, 2020, Notification OCR stated: "During the COVID-19 national emergency, which also constitutes a nationwide public health emergency, covered health care providers subject to the HIPAA Rules may seek to communicate with patients, and provide telehealth services, through remote communications technologies. abstract: The COVID-19 public health emergency has amplified both the potential value and the challenges with health care providers deploying telehealth solutions. As people across the country find ways to stay at home, telehealth preserves an opportunity to obtain necessary healthcare services. Further, telehealth can help individuals avoid COVID-19 infection, free up hospital beds and other resources for those patients most in need and prevent infected individuals from spreading that infection. Federal and state regulators have recognized this potential of telehealth and have quickly changed a variety of laws and regulations to enable health care providers to deploy solutions quickly. These changes can provide lasting benefits for the use of telehealth well after the current crisis. However, to best realize telehealth’s benefits further legal and regulatory action are necessary. Specifically, lawmakers and regulators should focus on six areas: reimbursement, privacy/cybersecurity, liability, licensure, technology access, and AI. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa043 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa043 id: cord-300964-knc0ruou author: Hoffman, Tove title: Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 words: 2546.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300964-knc0ruou.txt summary: We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. In the present study, we evaluated a commercially available assay, the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech Co Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China), developed for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. None of the 24 healthy volunteers, without any known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19, tested positive for IgM or IgG. In this study we evaluated a commercial rapid test for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG. If this was the case for one or more of the included patients, the actual sensitivities should be higher, i.e. when evaluated only on samples known to contain detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and/or IgG. Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis abstract: COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363011/ doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1754538 id: cord-270122-xijsj0d8 author: Hogan, Robert Edward title: COVID-19 in Patients With Seizures and Epilepsy: Interpretation of Relevant Knowledge of Presenting Signs and Symptoms date: 2020-08-24 words: 1636.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270122-xijsj0d8.txt summary: Realizing the need for current information, this summary provides a focused summary of pertinent clinical diagnostic information about neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus and clinical presentation of COVID-19, especially in relationship to patients with seizures and epilepsy. Overall, findings indicate seizures and epilepsy are rare, especially in mild COVID-19 cases, but may occur in more severe cases later in the disease course. Realizing both the need for and limitation of current information, this summary provides a focused summary of pertinent clinical diagnostic information about neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19, especially in relationship to patients with seizures and epilepsy. 27 As compared to population-based studies of the initial clinical presentation of COVID-19, studies in patients with seizures and epilepsy are lacking. While a neuroinvasive mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus CNS infection remains a postulated cause of clinical neurological disease, 16 investigation of new-onset neurological impairments associated with COVID-19 found lack of evidence for direct acute insult of SARS-CoV-19 virus to the CNS. abstract: There are an increasing number of clinical studies for COVID-19, with several large cohort studies documenting initial signs and symptoms. Realizing the need for current information, this summary provides a focused summary of pertinent clinical diagnostic information about neurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2 virus and clinical presentation of COVID-19, especially in relationship to patients with seizures and epilepsy. There is no evidence from cohort studies in the general population that seizures are worsened in COVID-19. However, relative lack of cohort studies in patients with a history of epileptic seizures limit conclusions about effects of COVID-19 patients with epilepsy. Overall, findings indicate seizures and epilepsy are rare, especially in mild COVID-19 cases, but may occur in more severe cases later in the disease course. Caregivers should be vigilant in assessing for possible seizures, especially in patients with systemic effects of severe COVID-19 infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1535759720948549 doi: 10.1177/1535759720948549 id: cord-302244-uwicyuhk author: Hoilat, Gilles J title: Percutaneous Mechanical Pulmonary Thrombectomy in a Patient With Pulmonary Embolism as a First Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 words: 1194.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302244-uwicyuhk.txt summary: We present a case of a healthy 32-year-old male with no past medical history who presented with shortness of breath, tested positive for COVID-19, and was found to have a large acute saddle pulmonary embolism. Recent findings revealed that patients with severe cases of COVID19 who are admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure had a predominant hypercoagulable state leading to thromboembolism [1] . We present a case of a healthy patient who presented to the hospital with dyspnea, was found to be COVID-19 positive, and was diagnosed with an acute saddle pulmonary embolism. The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19 remains unknown [6] . Our patient was a healthy male who presented with no risk factors for thromboembolic disease and no symptoms of viral pneumonia but still developed a large saddle embolism. abstract: There has been a high incidence of thromboembolic diseases in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. We present a case of a healthy 32-year-old male with no past medical history who presented with shortness of breath, tested positive for COVID-19, and was found to have a large acute saddle pulmonary embolism. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9506 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9506 id: cord-347818-93ixqyfp author: Hojyo, Shintaro title: How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality date: 2020-10-01 words: 4508.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347818-93ixqyfp.txt summary: Thus, IL-6 serves as a possible mechanism of treatment for severe COVID-19 patients, raising the possibility that one therapeutic option for the disease may be targeting excessive inflammation caused by IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling with monoclonal antibody therapy or treatment with chemical modulators to block the signaling cascade while maintaining a sufficient antiviral primary immune response. IL-6-STAT3 signaling as a potential cause of the ARDS via cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients IL-6 amplifier, machinery for excessive inflammation SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the endocytosis of ACE2 together with SARS-CoV in target cells including epithelial cells and endothelial cells, resulting in an increase of serum angiotensin II (Ang II) levels due to the reduction of ACE2 surface expression (Fig. 1) [17, 48] . abstract: The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but has rapidly spread all over the world. Some COVID-19 patients encounter a severe symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. This high severity is dependent on a cytokine storm, most likely induced by the interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which is hyper-activation machinery that regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated by the simultaneous activation of IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling in non-immune cells including alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. We hypothesize that IL-6-STAT3 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for the cytokine storm in COVID-19, because IL-6 is a major STAT3 stimulator, particularly during inflammation. We herein review the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3 doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3 id: cord-257814-h7n4nw4w author: Holm, Are M. title: Ethical Considerations regarding Heart and Lung Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force Statement date: 2020-04-25 words: 2220.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257814-h7n4nw4w.txt summary: We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic. We outline the classical ethical framework that guides heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and discuss adaptations to this construct during different stages of the ongoing pandemic. In order to analyze how to adjust treatment strategies for advanced heart and lung disease, we propose separating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from a healthcare system perspective into different stages. Recommendation: Similar rationing for all kinds of treatment and a commitment to maximize the number of lives saved suggests the development of an appropriate process to allocate critical care resources to patients who may become organ donors. abstract: To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current COVID-19 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32505492/ doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.019 id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh author: Holmes, Emily A title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date: 2020-04-15 words: 10279.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt summary: 1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304649/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 id: cord-312340-hpuoren5 author: Holstein, Sarah A. title: Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID‐19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button date: 2020-06-02 words: 1964.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312340-hpuoren5.txt summary: Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient''s cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials. Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient''s cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials. Despite the barriers that lead to this low rate of participation, clinical trials remain the cornerstone for improving oncology patient outcomes through the development of new therapies. To this end, there are many groups, including ASCO and the American Society of Hematology, that have created registries in order to collect data on outcomes of oncology patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is imperative that comprehensive immune profiling studies be performed to evaluate the immune responses in these patient populations and that oncology patients be included in COVID-19 clinical trials. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has far‐reaching ramifications for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Oncologists and institutions have adjusted treatment practices and, in many cases, significantly curtailed clinical trial conduct. Whether these adjustments mitigate the risk of COVID‐19 complications without jeopardizing treatment of the cancer is unknown. Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient's cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1920 doi: 10.1002/cpt.1920 id: cord-322427-6hsdlogg author: Holten, Aleksander Rygh title: Predicting severe COVID-19 in the Emergency Department date: 2020-10-21 words: 3513.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322427-6hsdlogg.txt summary: Patients were assessed upon hospital admission using the following scoring systems; quick Sequential Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity index (PSI). quick Sequential Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity index (PSI). In this prospective observational study, we have evaluated and compared the predictive characteristics of commonly used scoring systems for sepsis and pneumonia applied to a cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital. Since the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the scoring systems in the ED, only the calculation of qSOFA, SIRS-criteria, CURB-65, PSI, NEWS2 and P/F-ratio from the patient''s first assessment at the hospital were included. In conclusion, our study revealed that NEWS2 was equivalent to CURB65, PSI and P/F-ratio, but more accurate than SIRS and qSOFA, in predicting severe disease among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. abstract: Background COVID-19 may lead to severe disease, requiring intensive care treatment and challenging the capacity of health care systems. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of commonly used scoring systems for sepsis and pneumonia to predict severe COVID-19 in the emergency department. Methods Prospective, observational, single centre study in a secondary/tertiary care hospital in Oslo, Norway. Patients were assessed upon hospital admission using the following scoring systems; quick Sequential Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity index (PSI). The ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspiratory oxygen fraction (P/F-ratio) was also calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) for each scoring system was calculated, along with sensitivity and specificity for the most commonly used cut-offs. Severe disease was defined as death or treatment in ICU within 14 days. Results 38 of 175 study participants developed severe disease, 13 (7 %) died and 29 (17 %) had a stay at an intensive care unit (ICU). NEWS2 displayed an AUROC of 0.80 (95 % confidence interval 0.72-0.88), CURB-65 0.75 (0.65-0.84), PSI 0.75 (0.65-0.84), SIRS 0.70 (0.61 – 0.80) and qSOFA 0.70 (0.61-0.79). NEWS2 was significantly better than SIRS and qSOFA in predicating severe disease, and with a cut-off of5 points, had a sensitivity and specificity of 82 % and 60 %, respectively. Conclusion NEWS2 predicted severe COVID-19 disease more accurately than SIRS and qSOFA, but not significantly better than CURB65 and PSI. NEWS2 may be a useful screening tool in evaluating COVID-19 patients during hospital admission. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04345536. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345536). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666520420300424 doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100042 id: cord-301514-yo2ebphy author: Holten, John title: The Radiology Resident Experience at a Large Tertiary Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-29 words: 3121.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301514-yo2ebphy.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in healthcare including pressure to provide efficient and timely patient care while maintaining a safe environment for physicians and staff. We found the Review and Commentary Perspective "Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist" by Jeffrey Kanne especially helpful for us to get a sense for how COVID-19 pneumonia presents before cases at our own institution began to rise. Working closely with the hospital administration and the department of pulmonology, the radiology department created a standardized process for imaging patients with clinical suspicion for COVID-19. 10 In accordance with this principle, our department rapidly implemented changes to provide the highest quality care for our patients and assistance to our clinical teams while minimizing the exposure risk to our residents. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in healthcare including pressure to provide efficient and timely patient care while maintaining a safe environment for physicians and staff. Radiology plays a vital role as part of a multidisciplinary team in the care of these patients. We address the experiences of our radiology residency at a large urban US academic institution with an underserved population in our fight against COVID-19. The unprecedented challenges faced during this pandemic has created monumental impacts on our training and allowed for development of skills and resources in order to better handle future situations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062897/ doi: 10.1177/2382120520963036 id: cord-029710-ythz9ax0 author: Homayounieh, Fatemeh title: CT Radiomics, Radiologists and Clinical Information in Predicting Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-07-23 words: 3090.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029710-ythz9ax0.txt summary: PURPOSE: To compare prediction of disease outcome, severity, and patient triage in COVID-19 pneumonia with whole lung radiomics, radiologists'' interpretation, and clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Radiomics from non-contrast chest CT were superior to radiologists'' assessment of extent and type of pulmonary opacities in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia outcome, disease severity, and patient triage. We compared prediction of disease outcome, severity, and patient triage in COVID-19 pneumonia with whole lung radiomics, radiologists'' interpretation, and clinical variables. Although prior studies have reported on the ability of visual severity score of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT [16, 18, 20] , we found that such qualitative assessment was not as useful as radiomics in predicting ICU admission or patient outcome (recovery versus death). Another limitation of our study pertains to the fact that some patients may have been admitted to the hospital based on severity of symptoms, other comorbidities (such as immunodeficiencies) or positive CT findings rather than an extensive lung changes related to COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: PURPOSE: To compare prediction of disease outcome, severity, and patient triage in COVID-19 pneumonia with whole lung radiomics, radiologists’ interpretation, and clinical variables. METHODS: Our IRB-approved retrospective study included 315 adult patients (mean age 56 (21-100) years, 190 males, 125 females) with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent non-contrast chest CT. All patients (inpatients, n=210; outpatients, n=105) were followed up for at least two-weeks to record disease outcome. Clinical variables such as presenting symptoms, laboratory data, peripheral oxygen saturation, and comorbid diseases were recorded. Two radiologists assessed each CT in consensus and graded the extent of pulmonary involvement (by percentage of involved lobe) and type of opacities within each lobe. We obtained radiomics for the entire lung and multiple logistic regression analyses with areas under the curve (AUC) as outputs were performed. RESULTS: Most patients (276/315,88%) recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia; 36/315 patients (11%) died and 3/315 patients (1%) remain admitted in the hospital. Radiomics differentiated chest CT in outpatient vs inpatient with an AUC of 0.84 (p<0.005), while radiologists’ interpretations of disease extent and opacity type had an AUC of 0.69 (p<0.0001). Whole lung radiomics were superior to the radiologists’ interpretation for predicting patient outcome in terms of ICU admission (AUC:0.75 vs 0.68) and death (AUC:0.81 vs 0.68) (p<0.002). Addition of clinical variables to radiomics improved the AUC to 0.84 for predicting ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Radiomics from non-contrast chest CT were superior to radiologists’ assessment of extent and type of pulmonary opacities in predicting COVID-19 pneumonia outcome, disease severity, and patient triage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380121/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200322 id: cord-334217-ejgdzc70 author: Homolak, J. title: Preliminary analysis of COVID-19 academic information patterns: a call for open science in the times of closed borders date: 2020-06-25 words: 4944.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334217-ejgdzc70.txt summary: Here we report our findings to draw the attention of the scientific community to these problems in order to stimulate collection, organization and analysis of data in a more transparent and efficient way which aims to accelerate the discovery of efficient solutions for the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account that in contrast to articles indexed in PubMed and Scopus, both BioRxiv and MedRxiv publish only original research articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the amount of scientific information related to COVID-19 available outside of classic databases is even more impressive. The importance of these repositories is reflected through the fact that as of April 11th the number of COVID-19-related papers on just these two serves (BioRxiv and MedRxiv) roughly equals the amount available in Scopus, and is just 2.4 times lower in comparison to biggest biomedical database PubMed. Following the trend of increased preprint publishing, several major publishing platforms kickstarted or revived their own projects, one example being Nature Publishing Group''s Outbreak Science Rapid PREreview Platform ("Outbreak Science Rapid PREreview"). abstract: The Pandemic of COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 motivated the scientific community to work together in order to gather, organize, process and distribute data on the novel biomedical hazard. Here, we analyzed how the scientific community responded to this challenge by quantifying distribution and availability patterns of the academic information related to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the information flow and scientific collaboration, two factors we believe to be critical for finding new solutions for the ongoing pandemic. The RISmed R package, and a custom Python script were used to fetch metadata on articles indexed in PubMed and published on Rxiv preprint server. Scopus was manually searched and the metadata was exported in BibTex file. Publication rate and publication status, affiliation and author count per article, and submission-to-publication time were analysed in R. Biblioshiny application was used to create a world collaboration map. Preliminary data suggest that COVID-19 pandemic resulted in generation of a large amount of scientific data, and demonstrates potential problems regarding the information velocity, availability, and scientific collaboration in the early stages of the pandemic. More specifically, the results indicate precarious overload of the standard publication systems, significant problems with data availability and apparent deficient collaboration. In conclusion, we believe the scientific community could have used the data more efficiently in order to create proper foundations for finding new solutions for the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we believe we can learn from this on the go and adopt open science principles and a more mindful approach to COVID-19-related data to accelerate the discovery of more efficient solutions. We take this opportunity to invite our colleagues to contribute to this global scientific collaboration by publishing their findings with maximal transparency. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836524/ doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03587-2 id: cord-289282-4oz6r7op author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS date: 2020-06-01 words: 3558.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289282-4oz6r7op.txt summary: title: Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS The WHO coined the acronym SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and subsequently the causative virus as SARS‐CoV. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and short-term outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children: epidemiology, presentation and management Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Comparative analysis of eleven healthcare-associated outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS abstract: Many respiratory viral infections such as influenza and measles result in severe acute respiratory symptoms and epidemics. In the spring of 2003, an epidemic of coronavirus pneumonia spread from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and subsequently to the rest of the world. The WHO coined the acronym SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and subsequently the causative virus as SARS‐CoV. In the summer of 2012, epidemic of pneumonia occurred again in Saudi Arabia which was subsequently found to be caused by another novel coronavirus. WHO coined the term MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) to denote the Middle East origin of the novel virus (MERS‐CoV). In the winter of 2019, another outbreak of pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, China which rapidly spread globally. Yet another novel coronavirus was identified as the culprit and has been named SARS‐CoV‐2 due to its similarities with SARS‐CoV, and the disease as coronavirus disease‐2019. This overview aims to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these three major episodes of coronavirus outbreak, and conclude that they are essentially the same viral respiratory syndromes caused by similar strains of coronavirus with different names. Coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide in the last two decades. From an epidemiological perspective, they are remarkably similar in the mode of spread by droplets. Special focus is placed on the pediatric aspects, which carry less morbidity and mortality in all three entities. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24810 doi: 10.1002/ppul.24810 id: cord-326864-i1r3bv4p author: Hon, Kam Lun title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments date: 2020-06-29 words: 6265.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326864-i1r3bv4p.txt summary: 4 COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection that causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but can also lead to ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 : latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com mortality and morbidity. SARS-CoV is closely related to civet and bat CoVs, but it is phylogenetically divergent from other coronaviruses associated with human infections, including ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1. In a clinical trial involving 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was not associated with any clinical improvements compared with standard care. 25 Long and colleagues reported that corticosteroid therapy using methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone was beneficial in treating ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments drugsincontext.com SARS-CoV patients, 78 and significantly prolonged survival time in clinical cases. abstract: Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-CoV occurred in Saudi Arabia. In the winter of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China which rapidly spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Up until 27 May 2020, there are 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 347,587 COVID-19 related deaths worldwide, and there has also been an unprecedented increase in socioeconomic and psychosocial issues related to COVID-19. This overview aims to review the current developments in preventive treatments and therapies for COVID-19. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and various clinical trials are currently underway around the world. It is hoped that existing antivirals including remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir might have roles in the treatment of COVID-19, but results from trials thus far have not been promising. COVID-19 causes a mild respiratory disease in the majority of cases, but in some cases, cytokine activation causes sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments and biologics are also being actively explored as therapeutics for COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been discouraged based on concerns about their adverse effects. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide, whilst modern medicine has been playing catch-up all along. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32655654/ doi: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-15 id: cord-344046-9vou06c7 author: Hon, Kam Lun Ellis title: Pediatric COVID-19: what disease is this? date: 2020-06-17 words: 1065.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344046-9vou06c7.txt summary: The Chinese mainland also has reported mortality and morbidity of pediatric COVID-19 cases and has concluded that the disease was generally mild [10, 12] . Reports of children with confirmed COVID-19 in mainland China have described mild cold-like with/without gastrointestinal symptoms and suggest that severe complications (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock) appear to be uncommon. Another novel acronym, PIM-TS is coined which stands for pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 [26] . Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Inflammatory cytokine profile in children with severe acute respiratory syndrome Pediatric coronavirus disease-2019-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome Overview: The history and pediatric perspectives of severe acute respiratory syndromes: Novel or just like SARS abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556887/ doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00375-z id: cord-258698-ggzvhamk author: Hong, Daqing title: Kidney manifestations of mild, moderate and severe coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-09 words: 3085.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258698-ggzvhamk.txt summary: Previous data from Wuhan city showed that acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria and hematuria occurred frequently in patients with severe COVID-19. The current literature shows that patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to develop into severe cases after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 [1, [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . The study identified a total of 168 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Sichuan province, including 101 patients from the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu (the Chengdu cohort), and 67 patients from the Daofu People''s Hospital (the Daofu cohort). Among the 21 patients with the severe or critical type of COVID-19 in the Chengdu cohort who completed a urine dipstick test, 10 of them (47.6%) were positive for proteinuria and 11 of them (52.4%) were positive for dipstick hematuria (Figure 1 ). Proteinuria and dipstick hematuria are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 infection, especially in severe or critical cases. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected more than 3 million patients globally. Previous data from Wuhan city showed that acute kidney injury (AKI), proteinuria and hematuria occurred frequently in patients with severe COVID-19. However, the prevalence of kidney injury in milder cases remains unclear. METHODS: This retrospective study included two major consecutive cohorts of COVID-19 patients in Sichuan Province. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data including renal function, proteinuria and dipstick hematuria, and other laboratory parameters were collected. A subgroup of patients was followed up for 2–4 weeks to evaluate the short-term outcome of renal impairment. RESULTS: Overall, 168 COVID-19-positive patients were included in the study. The majority of patients (79.7%) were diagnosed with mild or moderate disease. Half of patients presented with fever; however, in The Tibetan cohort, fever only occurred in 13.4% of patients. On hospital admission, proteinuria and dipstick hematuria were noted in 18.4% and 17.4% of patients, respectively, while AKI only occurred in one patient. Further analysis showed that severe or critical COVID-19 was associated with higher risk of proteinuria [relative risk (RR) 7.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.45–22.18, P = 3.8 × 10(−4)] and dipstick hematuria (RR 8.30, 95% CI 2.69–25.56, P = 2.3 × 10(−4)). Proteinuria, dipstick hematuria, or the combination of proteinuria and hematuria could significantly predict severe or critical severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Proteinuria and dipstick hematuria are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19 infection, especially in severe or critical cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfaa083 doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa083 id: cord-333863-mtljy3s6 author: Hong, Nan title: Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients confirmed with COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 words: 4033.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333863-mtljy3s6.txt summary: Patients with COVID-19 may show prodromal symptom of conjunctivitis in cases where eye goggles were not worn while in close proximity with COVID-19 positive patients, leading to suggestions that ocular exposure might be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Lu et al. Previously hospitalized patients (admission date from 19 January to 29 February 2020) in the isolation ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, diagnosed as COVID-19 positive based on their clinical symptoms and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results of their sputum swab specimens, were the target subject population. After the onset of COVID-19, the mean scores of the SEEQ and OSDI questionnaires were significantly raised, suggesting a degraded ocular surface condition (Table 2) . In our study, fifteen subjects (27%) reported new onset ocular irritation symptoms or aggravated pre-existing ocular surface irritation symptoms after infection of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: PURPOSE: The SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA has been detected in tears and conjunctival samples from infected individuals. Conjunctivitis is also reported in a small number of cases. We evaluated ocular symptoms and ocular tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a group of patients with COVID‐19. METHOD: Fifty‐six patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 were recruited as subjects. Relevant medical histories were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Ocular history and ocular symptoms data were obtained by communicating directly with the subjects. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Salisbury Eye Evaluation Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used to assess the anterior ocular surface condition before and after the onset of disease. RESULTS: Patients classified as severe COVID‐19 cases were more likely to have hypertension compared to mild cases (p = 0.035). Of the 56 subjects, thirteen patients (23%) were infected in Wuhan, 32 patients (57%) were community‐infected, 10 patients (18%) were unknown origin, 1 (2%) was a physician likely infected by a confirmed patient. Three patients wore face mask with precaution when contacting the confirmed patients. Fifteen (27%) had aggravated ocular symptoms, of which 6 (11%) had prodromal ocular symptoms before disease onset. The differences in mean scores of OSDI questionnaire and SEEQ between before and after onset of COVID‐19 were all significant (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular symptoms are relatively common in COVID‐19 disease and may appear just before the onset of respiratory symptoms. Our data provided the anecdotal evidences of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 via ocular surface. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336042/ doi: 10.1111/aos.14445 id: cord-269659-a1gf76bu author: Hong, W. title: Celebrex adjuvant therapy on COVID-19: An experimental study date: 2020-05-11 words: 3095.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269659-a1gf76bu.txt summary: Celebrex significantly reduced the PGE2 levels and promoted recovery of ordinary or severe COVID-19. Our data showed that the PGE 2 levels in COVID-19 patients, who were hospitalized within two days, were significantly higher than the ones of healthy individuals (170±40 ng/ml vs 18.8±3.8 ng/ml, p<0.01) (Figure 1 ). Since the PGE 2 was mainly generated by COX-2, then a COX-2 specific inhibitor (Celebrex) was used to treat COVID-19 patients based on the routine treatment. Our results indicated that Celebrex treatment with a conventional dose (0.2 g, twice a day) might effectively promote the recovery of ordinary and severe cases of COVID-19. Moreover, there were two patients (experimental case E3 and E5), who were hospitalized and received routine treatment for 12 and 15 days respectively, progressed from ordinary to severe illness. After taken Celebrex based on routine treatment, their PGE 2 levels were controlled and the pneumonia were gradually improved ( Figure 4 ). abstract: Background: The world is under serious threat with the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Based on analyses of available data, we deduced that the excessive prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) accumulation mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was the key pathological basis of COVID-19. Methods: The urine PGE2 levels were measured by mass spectrometry. An experimental study about Celebrex to treat COVID-19 was conducted based on routine treatment. A total of 44 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled (Experimental group n=37, Control group n=7). Patients in experimental group were given Celebrex once or twice a day (0.2 g/time) for 7-14 days. The dosage or duration was modified for individuals. Clinical outcomes of Celebrex adjuvant therapy were evaluated by vital signs, laboratory tests, and computed tomography upon the discontinuance of Celebrex. Results: We found that the concentrations of PGE2 in urine samples of COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (mean value is 170 ng/ml vs 18.8 ng/ml, p<0.01) and positively correlated with the progression of COVID-19. Among the experimental group (ordinary n=29, severe n=7, critical n=1), 25 cases were treated with full dose and 11 cases with half dose of Celebrex, and 1 case with Ibuprofen. The remission rate were 100%, 82% and 57% in full dose, half dose and control group respectively. Celebrex significantly reduced the PGE2 levels and promoted recovery of ordinary or severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Celebrex adjuvant treatment may be helpful for the therapy of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20077610 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20077610 id: cord-313402-f3indt3b author: Hong, X.-w. title: Analysis of early renal injury in COVID-19 and diagnostic value of multi-index combined detection date: 2020-03-10 words: 2534.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313402-f3indt3b.txt summary: In this study, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urine microalbumin / urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) were calculated to assess the incidence of early renal injury. Urinary microprotein detection indicated that the area under curve (AUC) of multi-index combined to diagnose early renal injury in COVID-19 was 0.875, which was higher than UMA (0,813), A1M (0.813), IGU (0.750) and TRU (0.750) alone. This study intends to use a number of laboratory test indexes, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine creatinine, urine microalbumin and urine microglobulin et al to comprehensively assess renal function and determine the incidence of COVID-19 with early renal injury. Although all the patients still had normal level of Scr and BUN, the high incidence of early renal injury in COVID-19 was found by calculating eGFR, CCR and UACR. abstract: Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of COVID-19 with early renal injury, and to explore the value of multi-index combined detection in diagnosis of early renal injury in COVID-19. Design The study was an observational, descriptive study. Setting This study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Guangdong, China. Participants 12 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to February 20, 2020. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was to evaluate the incidence of early renal injury in COVID-19. In this study, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urine microalbumin / urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) were calculated to assess the incidence of early renal injury. Secondary outcomes were the diagnostic value of urine microalbumin (UMA), 1-microglobulin (A1M), urine immunoglobulin-G (IGU), urine transferring (TRU) alone and in combination in diagnosis of COVID-19 with early renal injury. Results While all patients had no significant abnormalities in serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the abnormal rates of eGFR, Ccr, and UACR were 66.7%, 41.7%, and 41.7%, respectively. Urinary microprotein detection indicated that the area under curve (AUC) of multi-index combined to diagnose early renal injury in COVID-19 was 0.875, which was higher than UMA (0,813), A1M (0.813), IGU (0.750) and TRU (0.750) alone. Spearman analysis showed that the degree of early renal injury was significantly related to C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil ratio (NER), suggesting that the more severe the infection, the more obvious the early renal injury. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia were common in patients with COVID-19, and there was a correlation with the degree of renal injury. Conclusions Early renal injury was common in patients with COVID-19. Combined detection of UMA, A1M, IGU, and TRU was helpful for the diagnosis of early renal injury in COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.07.20032599v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.07.20032599 id: cord-297378-quyehjr1 author: Hong, Yan title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis date: 2020-05-25 words: 7858.0 sentences: 526.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297378-quyehjr1.txt summary: Second, descriptive statistics and an importance-performance analysis (IPA) were used to measure the impact of B&B before/after COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction levels in Zhejiang. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. Implications First, to the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to uncover the impact of COVID-19 factors influencing tourists'' satisfaction with B&Bs. Second, from the perspective of methodology, DC and IRL were combined with content analysis to sort and guide the complexity of the relationship between variables, which has certain value for future research. abstract: After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance–performance analysis (IPA). url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103747 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103747 id: cord-011844-eplgwnem author: Hooshmandi, Etrat title: The Case Is Much More Baffling than We Think date: 2020-06-02 words: 654.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011844-eplgwnem.txt summary: authors: Hooshmandi, Etrat; Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin [1] reported decreased prevalence of stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic era according to their observation from a single center (Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, northern Italy). Contrary to their conclusion, there are some reports about increased risk of stroke in COVID-19 infection [3] . [8] evaluated the importance of the difference in some blood coagulation parameters between patients with COVID-19 infection and healthy controls. reported a 7-fold increase in the risk of stroke incidence by finding large vessel stroke in five COVID-19 patients with age <50 years over a 2-week period (as a letter published online April 28 in the New England Journal of Medicine. This issue has been Hooshmandi/Borhani-Haghighi Eur Neurol 2 DOI: 10.1159/000508598 mentioned in other disciplines as well. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7360502/ doi: 10.1159/000508598 id: cord-318858-x8p0n6r3 author: Hope, Michael D title: A role for CT in COVID-19? What data really tell us so far date: 2020-03-27 words: 1396.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318858-x8p0n6r3.txt summary: Radiologists have watched the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfold, wondering if and how imaging could be useful for diagnosis. They found that 97% of cases with RT-PCR-confirmed diagnoses had CT findings of pneumonia, and conclude, "CT imaging has high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19". Although it is too early to assess the strength of the COVID-19 response in Africa, African countries, despite limited resources, have also adopted measures worth imitating, such as simplified triage strategies 3 and proactive screening (Uganda), handwashing stations at transport hubs (Rwanda), WhatsApp chatbots providing reliable information and rapid testing diagnostics (Senegal), and volunteer-staffed call centres and celebrity campaigns to promote responsible actions during the pandemic (Nigeria). If COVID-19 is suspected, patients should be isolated pending confirmation with (multiple) RT-PCR tests, or until quarantine has lapsed. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620307285 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30728-5 id: cord-330597-nftwj0d5 author: Hopfer, Helmut title: Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues date: 2020-09-27 words: 4636.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330597-nftwj0d5.txt summary: Using micrographs from infected cell cultures and autopsy tissues, we show how coronavirus replication affects ultrastructure and put the morphological findings in the context of viral replication, which induces extensive remodelling of the intracellular membrane systems. To better understand the ultrastructural morphology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, we will first briefly discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and coronavirus replication in general and then examine the TEM findings in more detail. All rights reserved Coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and the morphological changes associated with replication can be visualised by TEM in infected cell lines (figure 3A-G) [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] 87, 88] or organoids [96, 97] . Based on the cell culture findings outlined above, we expect to find the same SARS-CoV-2 morphology and distribution in vesicles of autopsy and biopsy tissues of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Transmission electron microscopy has become a valuable tool to investigate tissues of COVID‐19 patients because it allows visualisation of SARS‐CoV‐2, but the “virus‐like particles” described in several organs have been highly contested. Because most electron microscopists in pathology are not accustomed to analysing viral particles and subcellular structures, our review aims to discuss the ultrastructural changes associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 with respect to pathology, virology, and electron microscopy. Using micrographs from infected cell cultures and autopsy tissues, we show how coronavirus replication affects ultrastructure and put the morphological findings in the context of viral replication, which induces extensive remodelling of the intracellular membrane systems. Virions assemble by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi intermediate complex and are characterized by electron dense dots of cross‐sections of the nucleocapsid inside the viral particles. Physiological mimickers such as multivesicular bodies or coated vesicles serve as perfect decoys. Compared to other in‐situ techniques, transmission electron microscopy is the only method to visualize assembled virions in tissues and will be required to prove SARS‐CoV‐2 replication outside the respiratory tract. In practice, documenting in tissues the characteristic features seen in infected cell cultures, seems to be much more difficult than anticipated. In our view, the hunt for coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy is still on. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/his.14264 doi: 10.1111/his.14264 id: cord-264919-0jlg2gkc author: Hopp, Marie-Thérèse title: Unravelling the debate on heme effects in COVID-19 infections date: 2020-06-12 words: 7093.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264919-0jlg2gkc.txt summary: On the one hand, we examine the possibility of a direct interaction of heme with select SARS-CoV-2 proteins and specific host cell proteins by applying our webserver HeMoQuest (Paul that is based on experimental data. One of the most promising findings was the prediction of heme-binding motifs (HBMs) in the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We leveraged this multimodal information to hypothesize the pathways that connect key molecules associated with SARS-CoV-2 and heme to phenotypes observed in COVID-19 patients. Here, we have investigated the possibility of a direct interaction of heme with SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins and their human counterparts ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Apart from investigating the direct impact of heme on proteins at the interface of the virus-host cell interaction, we also explored similarities between relevant pathways characterizing the respective pathologies, i.e. labile heme occurrence in hemolytic conditions and COVID-19 disease progression ( Figure 4) . abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was recently declared a worldwide pandemic. Infection triggers the respiratory tract disease COVID-19, which is accompanied by serious changes of clinical biomarkers such as hemoglobin and interleukins. The same parameters are altered during hemolysis, which is characterized by an increase in labile heme. We present two approaches that aim at analyzing a potential link between available heme and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Four COVID-19 related proteins, i.e. the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as well as the viral protein 7a and S protein, were identified as potential heme binders. We also performed a detailed analysis of the common pathways induced by heme and SARS-CoV-2 by superimposition of knowledge graphs covering heme biology and COVID-19 pathophysiology. Herein, focus was laid on inflammatory pathways, and distinct biomarkers as the linking elements. Finally, the results substantially improve our understanding of COVID-19 infections and disease progression of patients with different clinical backgrounds and expand the diagnostic and treatment options. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.142125 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.142125 id: cord-352672-gjo29e21 author: Hoque, E. title: Adjusted Dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic due to Herd Immunity in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-05 words: 5872.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352672-gjo29e21.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20186957 doi: medRxiv preprint number of susceptible populations as well as case fatalities rate to achieve the herd immunity in Bangladesh. In the Table 1 , we present the age distribution of the population in Bangladesh (collected from Socioeconomic Data and Application Center, or SEDAC) along with the confirmed positive cases and deaths for each of those age groups (collected from Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, or IEDCR). Therefore, if 30% of the total working population in Bangladesh get affected by COVID-19 to achieve herd immunity, we estimate that a total number of positive cases would be approximately 17.7 million. To estimate the dynamics of the COVID-19 cases, such as confirmed, recoverd, and death cases, in case of herd immunity, we have used the Unscented Kalman Filter The age group based population distribution, along with gender, in Bangladesh has been used to estimate the initial susceptible population for SIRD model. abstract: Amid growing debate between scientists and policymakers on the trade-off between public safety and reviving economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Bangladesh decided to relax the countrywide lockdown restrictions from the beginning of June 2020. Instead, the Ministry of Public Affairs officials have declared some parts of the capital city and a few other districts as red zones or high-risk areas based on the number of people infected in the late June 2020. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 infection rate had been increasing in almost every other part of the country. Ironically, rather than ensuring rapid tests and isolation of COVID-19 patients, from the beginning of July 2020, the Directorate General of Health Services restrained the maximum number of tests per laboratory. Thus, the health experts have raised the question of whether the government is heading toward achieving herd immunity instead of containing the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, the dynamics of the pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh are analyzed with the SIRD model. We demonstrate that the herd immunity threshold can be reduced to 31% than that of 60% by considering age group cluster analysis resulting in a total of 53.0 million susceptible populations. With the data of Covid-19 cases till July 22, 2020, the time-varying reproduction numbers are used to explain the nature of the pandemic. Based on the estimations of active, severe, and critical cases, we discuss a set of policy recommendations to improve the current pandemic control methods in Bangladesh. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.03.20186957v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20186957 id: cord-259358-p6ov2r6g author: Horii, Toshihiro title: Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review date: 2020-09-23 words: 1523.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259358-p6ov2r6g.txt summary: title: Late-onset pneumothorax in a COVID-19 patient treated with ventilation and ECMO: A case report and literature review Some patients with these image characteristics develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and require a ventilator and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [2] . However, the patient continued to experience remission and exacerbation of pneumothorax, and his lungs showed widespread consolidative opacities and decreased volume, and he eventually died of multiple organ failure on the 97 th day of illness, despite aggressive treatment attempts (Fig. 5 ). This case followed such a course and progressed to ARDS, requiring treatment with a ventilator and ECMO, and he developed incurable pneumothorax with giant bulla. To our knowledge, five previous case reports of pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients have been published to date [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] . This case and previous reports suggest that COVID-19 pneumothorax occurs with a relatively late onset (3-8 weeks). This case and previous reports suggest that COVID-19 pneumothorax occurs with a relatively late onset (3-8 weeks). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to public health since the outbreak in Wuhan in 2019. Chest computed tomography is recommended for COVID-19 cases for evaluation and follow up of pneumonia and related complication. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with underlying hypertension and a history of smoking 76 packs a year; he was frequently monitored by computed tomography for pulmonary changes during the period from early symptom onset to death. Furthermore, he developed a pneumothorax during the course. The occurrence of pneumothorax in COVID-19 patients is not common, and there have been only a few previous reports. This is a valuable case of pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19 treated with a ventilator and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case and previous reports suggest that pneumothorax occurs in COVID-19 with a relatively late onset (3–8 weeks). Long-term pneumonia morbidity, steroid therapy, positive pressure ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can cause pneumothorax, leading to capillary and alveolar damage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989407/ doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.09.036 id: cord-262188-a20vb800 author: Horisberger, Alice title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SLE: beyond the risk of infection date: 2020-05-05 words: 1107.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262188-a20vb800.txt summary: One may hypothesise that the increased bioavailability of type 1 IFN in SLE promotes host defenses against SARS-CoV2 infection and provide some degree of protection against severe COVID-19 in this patient population. Given their antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine) represent a potential adjunct treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection. Small uncontrolled or poorly controlled clinical trials have shown an antiviral effect of antimalarials in COVID19 Lupus Science & Medicine contributing to the growing interest of the health authorities, media and general population. Since only limited data support the use of these drugs in COVID-19, a recent document emphasised the importance of limiting their systematic use in COVID-19 and rationing the supply available for clinical trials and for patients with SLE or with other rheumatic diseases. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-000408 doi: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000408 id: cord-299277-ana68vpf author: Horn, Sarah R. title: Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models date: 2020-05-29 words: 1339.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299277-ana68vpf.txt summary: There are several immunopsychiatry examples in which COVID-19 may be appropriately considered a confounder, including research on inflammation and mortality risk. Like before, we simulated effect sizes leading to and away from COVID-19 as either strong or weak, and set the direct relationship between the predictor and outcome of interest (SES and respiratory distress, respectively) to a moderate effect size. As shown in Figure 2 , models that omit the virus best estimate the total effect of SES on distress (i.e., the total effect). Unless researchers are interested in the effect of all pathways from SES to respiratory distress except COVID-19, they should not include the virus as a covariate in their models, or their estimates will not capture the full pathway (see Figure 3 ). Data were simulated from models in which COVID-19 mediates the causal relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and respiratory distress. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32479992/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.066 id: cord-262910-hgmwmrtq author: Hornuss, D. title: Anosmia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-03 words: 1229.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262910-hgmwmrtq.txt summary: Objectives: Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a neuroinvasive propensity, and the frequently reported symptoms of smelling and taste dysfunction in many COVID-19 patients may be related to the respective capability of SARS-CoV2, the cause of the current pandemic. Results: 40% of 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 0% of 45 uninfected con-trols consenting were diagnosed with anosmia. We conducted a 58 prospective cross-sectional study at the Medical Center -University of Freiburg, Germany in 59 April 2020 comparing the proportion of anosmia in patients with positive PCR result for SARS-60 CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swaps or sputum using Sniffin-sticks in those reporting a loss of smell, 61 in those who did not as well as in uninfected patients and health care workers as controls. Results: We tested 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 45 uninfected controls 77 (age (median years ± STD) 56 ± 16.9 and 54 ± 18.3, respectively) consenting to the study (ta-78 ble). abstract: Objectives: Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a neuroinvasive propensity, and the frequently reported symptoms of smelling and taste dysfunction in many COVID-19 patients may be related to the respective capability of SARS-CoV2, the cause of the current pandemic. In this study we objecti-fied and quantified the magnitude and underreporting of the smelling dysfunction caused by COVID-19 using a standardized test. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study comparing the proportion of anos-mia using Sniffin-sticks in those reporting a loss of smell, in those who did not as well as in unin-fected controls. The outcome of anosmic versus not anosmic patients were recorded during hospital stay and at day 15 on a six-category ordinal scale. The study was approved by the insti-tutional review board, all participants consented to the study. Results: 40% of 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 0% of 45 uninfected con-trols consenting were diagnosed with anosmia. 44% of anosmic and 50% of hyposmic patients did not report having smelling problems. Anosmia or hyposmia was not predictive of a severe COVID-19 manifestation. Conclusions: The majority of COVID-19 patients have an objective anosmia and hyposmia, which often occurs unnoticed. These symptoms may be related to the neuroinvasive propensity of SARS-COV-2 and the unusual presentation of COVID-19 disease manifestations. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.20083311v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083311 id: cord-328409-px92ff89 author: Hornuss, Daniel title: COVID-19-assoziierte Pneumonie trotz persistierend negativen PCR-Tests aus oropharyngealen Abstrichen date: 2020-05-13 words: 1575.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328409-px92ff89.txt summary: After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Als Diagnostik der Wahl zur schnellen Identifikation von COVID-19-Fällen hat sich dabei die PCR-Analyse auf SARS-CoV-2 aus tiefen nasopharyngealen oder oropharyngealen Abstrichen etabliert [3] . abstract: Patient history and clinical findings A 46-year old construction worker presented at the emergency department with two orthostatic syncopes. The patient complained of prolonged fever and coughs for 7 days which had not improved after oral treatment with sultamicillin for 5 days, prescribed by the patient’s general practitioner. Physical examination showed high blood pressure due to previously known hypertension. Other vital signs without pathological findings. Pulmonary auscultation showed basal soft crackling noises of the left lung Findings and Diagnosis Laboratory examination showed increased values for LDH, pro-BNP and CRP and normal values for leucocytes and procalcitonin. Conventional X-Ray of the chest showed bipulmonal lateral atypical infiltrates. After the first PCR turned in negative another PCR-analysis for SARS-CoV-2 of a deep oral swab-sample was performed since the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were typical for COVID-19. Again, SARS-CoV-2-RNA was not detected. A CT-scan of the chest showed bipulmonal lateral ground-glass attenuation, again typical for COVID-19 associated pneumonia. After a third attempt for a PCR-analysis of a deep oral swab-sample was negative, analysis of a sputum was performed which finally confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Therapy and Course of events The patient was admitted for evaluation of syncopes and suspect of COVID-19 associated pneumonia. The patient was prophylactically isolated while the result of SARS-CoV-2-PCR from a deep oral swab was pending. Suspecting a possible secondary bacterial infection at the beginning, intravenous antibiotic treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam was initiated. While further examinations showed no indication for bacterial infection, antibiotics were discontinued after 3 days. Due to clinical recovery antiviral therapy was not performed after confirming the diagnosis. The patient was discharged 17 days after onset of first symptoms without any requirements for further isolation. Conclusion This casuistic describes a case of COVID-19 associated pneumonia presenting with typical clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings. Detection of viral RNA was not successful from deep oral swab-samples despite repeated attempts. Finally, PCR-analysis of sputum confirmed the diagnosis. Analysis of deeper airway samples (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal secretions) or stool for SARS-CoV-2 should be performed in cases of evident clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and negative PCR results from deep oral swabs. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1170-6061 doi: 10.1055/a-1170-6061 id: cord-277019-salizr5n author: Horowitz, James M. title: Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-05-16 words: 1636.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277019-salizr5n.txt summary: title: Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial; • Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration; • Management of clot in transit is controversial. We present a case of a patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with deteriorating oxygenation and hemodynamics. In this case, we highlight the utility of TEE in the evaluation of the unstable patient while in the prone position, and further demonstrate the consequences of the potential hypercoagulable state of COVID-19. Given rapid hemodynamic and respiratory decompensation with a significantly elevated Ddimer level, an emergent TEE (Philips Affinity, X7 probe) was performed to exclude proximal pulmonary embolism (PE), and to evaluate for alternative causes of deterioration while patient remained in prone position (Figure 2) . Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients on CT Angiography and Relationship to D-Dimer Levels abstract: • The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial; • Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration; • Management of clot in transit is controversial. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246864412030075X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.case.2020.05.007 id: cord-316805-6rshrecb author: Hossain, M. A. title: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-18 words: 4386.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316805-6rshrecb.txt summary: Objectives: To determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of Fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. The study objectives were to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and underlying fear towards COVID 19 in the Bangladeshi population and how they are affected by socio-demographics factors. This study is similar to one study in China that found a significant relationships between knowledge and age and knowledge and educational level, with males reporting higher levels of knowledge than females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions and health advisory practices (Zhong et al., 2020) . However, in our study, subjects living in Bangladesh reported similar knowledge for both males and females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions and advisory health practices. abstract: Objectives: To determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of Fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of (n= 2157) male and female subjects, 13-90 years of age, living in Bangladesh. Methods: Ethical Approval and Trial registration were obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Subjects who volunteered to participate and signed the informed consent were enrolled in the study and completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS). Results: Twenty-eight percent (28.69%) of subjects reported one or more COVID-19 symptoms and 21.4% of subjects reported one or more comorbidities. Knowledge scores were slightly higher in males (8.75, SD 1.58) than females (8.66, SD 1.70). Knowledge was significantly correlated with age (p<.005), an education level (p<.001), Attitude (p<.001), and urban location (p<.001). Knowledge scores showed an inverse correlation with Fear scores (p<.001). Eighty-three percent (83.7%) of subjects with COVID-19 symptoms reported wearing a mask in public and 75.4% of subjects reported staying away from crowded places. Subjects with one or more symptoms reported higher Fear compared to subjects without (18.73, SD 4.6; 18.45, SD 5.1). Conclusions: Overall, Bangladeshis reported a high prevalence of self-isolation, positive preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19, and moderate to high fear levels. Higher Knowledge and Practice were found in males, higher education levels, older age, and urban location. Fear of COVID-19 was more prevalent in female and elderly subjects. Positive Attitude was reported for the majority of subjects, reflecting the belief that COVID-19 was controllable and containable. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133611 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133611 id: cord-352630-dx1fwngb author: Hossain, Md. Sabbir title: Impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission in South Asian Countries: an application of the ARIMAX model date: 2020-11-02 words: 3108.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352630-dx1fwngb.txt summary: We aimed to examine the impact of weather on COVID-19 confirmed cases in South Asian countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Several studies suggested that weather parameters like temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and air pollutants may influence the transmission of the COVID-19 (Ahmadi et al., 2020; Al-Rousan and Al-Najjar, 2020; Bashir et al., 2020; Jüni et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020; Sobral et al., 2020; Tosepu et al., 2020; Zoran et al., 2020) . This study was accumulated different types of data, including daily COVID-19, climate, and air pollutants datasets from the first unequal date of COVID-19 confirmed cases to 31 August 2020 of five South Asian countries, such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Our analyses also showed that temperature had a significant positive and negative impact on the transmissibility of COVID-19 in four south Asian countries except for India. abstract: We aimed to examine the impact of weather on COVID-19 confirmed cases in South Asian countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Data on daily confirmed cases, together with weather parameters, were collected from the first day of COVID confirmed cases in each country to 31 August 2020. The weather parameters were Rainfall (mm), relative humidity (%), maximum and minimum temperature (°C), surface pressure (kpa), maximum air pollutants matter PM 2.5 (μg/m3) and maximum wind speed (m/s). Data were analyzed for each investigated countries separately by using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) model. We found that maximum wind speed had significant negative impact on COVID-19 transmission in India (-209.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): -369.13, -49.77) and Sri Lanka (-2.77, 95% CI: -4.77, -0.77). Apart from India, temperature had mixed effects (i.e., positive or negative) in four countries in South Asia. For example, maximum temperature had negative impact (-30.52, 95% CI: -60.24, -0.78) in Bangladesh and positive impact (5.10, 95% CI: 0.06, 10.14) in Afghanistan. Whereas rainfall had negative effects (-48.64, 95% CI: -80.17, -17.09) in India and mixed effects in Pakistan. Besides, maximum air pollutants matter PM 2.5 was negatively associated with the confirmed cases of COVID-19. In conclusion, maximum wind speed, rainfall, air pollutants (maximum PM 2.5) and temperature are four variables that could play a vital role in the transmission of COVID-19. Although there is a mixed conclusion regarding weather parameters and COVID-19 transmission, we recommend developing environmental policies regarding the transmission of COVID-19 in South Asian countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720368467?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143315 id: cord-346858-18q8rxzg author: Hossain, Md. Tanvir title: Social and electronic media exposure and generalized anxiety disorder among people during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A preliminary observation date: 2020-09-11 words: 3462.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346858-18q8rxzg.txt summary: Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has spread to Bangladesh since early March of 2020, and people are getting daily updates from the social and electronic media. For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 880 participants by a self-administered online-based questionnaire relating personal characteristics, self-rate health (SRH), SME, and EME with anxiety. The mental health burden of the COVID-19 infected patients and the healthcare professionals, fearing the persisting social prejudice and stigma generated from ''overexposure'' to media ''misinformation,'' forced some people to commit suicide [22] [23] [24] . At present, the level of anxiety generated from the exposure to social and electronic media during COVID-19 pandemic is not known in Bangladesh, while some other countries have addressed the issue vigorously [13, 18, 36] . abstract: Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has spread to Bangladesh since early March of 2020, and people are getting daily updates from the social and electronic media. We aimed at assessing the prevalence of anxiety among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic in connection with social media exposure (SME) and electronic media exposure (EME). For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 880 participants by a self-administered online-based questionnaire relating personal characteristics, self-rate health (SRH), SME, and EME with anxiety. Findings show that around half of the surveyed population experienced a spike of anxiety (49.1%) during the pandemic, ten times higher than the national anxiety rate in 2019. The participants with an increased SME of over four hours per day experienced a higher level of anxiety than individuals with < = 2 hours exposure to social media. Similarly, the anxiety was higher among people with fair/bad SRH compared to individuals with excellent SRH. It is highly recommended to develop active surveillance and effective monitoring systems to reduce the spread of misinformation from both social and electronic media to improve the state of mental health conditions during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238974 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238974 id: cord-296550-wkmnfph3 author: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar title: Knowledge, attitudes, and fear of COVID-19 during the Rapid Rise Period in Bangladesh date: 2020-09-24 words: 4576.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296550-wkmnfph3.txt summary: The study aims to determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. The study objectives were to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and the underlying fear of COVID-19 in the Bangladeshi population and how they are affected by socio-demographic factors. The KAP section of the questionnaire related to a total of 12 score knowledge questions on COVID-19, categorical answers to attitudes towards the control of the pandemic, and practices of wearing masks and avoiding public gatherings. This study is similar to one study in China that found a significant relationship between knowledge and age and knowledge and educational level, with males reporting higher levels of knowledge than females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions, and health advisory practices [16] . However, in our study, subjects living in Bangladesh reported similar knowledge for both males and females regarding COVID-19 symptoms, precautions, and health advisory practices. abstract: The study aims to determine the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) related to COVID-19 preventive health habits and perception of fear towards COVID-19 in subjects living in Bangladesh. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of (n = 2157) male and female subjects, 13–88 years of age, living in Bangladesh. Methods: Ethical approval and trial registration were obtained before the commencement of the study. Subjects who volunteered to participate and signed the informed consent were enrolled in the study and completed the structured questionnaire on KAP and Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). Results: Twenty-eight percent (28.69%) of subjects reported one or more COVID-19 symptoms, and 21.4% of subjects reported one or more co-morbidities. Knowledge scores were slightly higher in males (8.75± 1.58) than females (8.66± 1.70). Knowledge was significantly correlated with age (p < .005), an education level (p < .001), attitude (p < .001), and urban location (p < .001). Knowledge scores showed an inverse correlation with fear scores (p < .001). Eighty-three percent (83.7%) of subjects with COVID-19 symptoms reported wearing a mask in public, and 75.4% of subjects reported staying away from crowded places. Subjects with one or more symptoms reported higher fear compared to subjects without (18.73± 4.6; 18.45± 5.1). Conclusion: Bangladeshis reported a high prevalence of self-isolation, positive preventive health behaviors related to COVID-19, and moderate to high fear levels. Higher knowledge and Practice were found in males, higher education levels, older age, and urban location. Fear of COVID-19 was more prevalent in female and elderly subjects. A positive attitude was reported for the majority of subjects, reflecting the belief that COVID-19 was controllable and containable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32970769/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239646 id: cord-313382-prxc0lue author: Hossein Norooznezhad, Amir title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor date: 2020-09-12 words: 869.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313382-prxc0lue.txt summary: Herein, we would evaluate one of possible cause of non-viral induced preterm labor in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 which could be administration of empiric antibiotics with inflammatory properties in absence of bacterial infection in the inpatients. Interestingly, a study has evaluated the outcome of empiric antibiotic therapy on gestational duration in two groups of microbe positive and negative pregnant individuals using 3 rapid and high-sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This issue may lead to a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines release and possibly preventing preterm labor in pregnant women with COVID-19. Title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor Title: Empiric Antibiotics in Management of Inpatient Pregnant Women Infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Focusing on Inflammation and Preterm Labor abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720326608?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110269 id: cord-292751-tk1oggi9 author: Hosseini, Elahe Seyed title: The novel coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action, detection and recent therapeutic strategies date: 2020-09-24 words: 3784.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt summary: Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, designated as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the February 11, 2020, is one of the highly pathogenic β‐coronaviruses which infects human. The previously reported viral zoonotic pathogens include SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) [3, 4] , that can cause severe respiratory disease in human [5, 6] . SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (which causes COVID19) , has fast spread like a pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [7] . Nowadays, Griffithsin, as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS spike, Remdesivir, favipiravir and ribavirin (nucleoside analogues), lopinavir/ritonavir (protease enzyme inhibitors) [61] , oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors), anti-inflammatory drugs and EK1 peptide [62] , the clinical potential to be applied against the 2019-nCoV infection [67, 68] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, designated as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the February 11, 2020, is one of the highly pathogenic β‐coronaviruses which infects human. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 is the most critical step to treat infection. The diagnostic tools are generally molecular methods, serology and viral culture. Recently CRISPR-based method has been investigated to diagnose and treat coronavirus infection. The emergence of 2019-nCoV during the influenza season, has led to the extensive use of antibiotics and neuraminidase enzyme inhibitors, taken orally and intravenously. Currently, antiviral inhibitors of SARS and MERS spike proteins, neuraminidase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs and EK1 peptide are the available therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. In addition, Chloroquine, which was previously used for malarial and autoimmune disease, has shown efficacy in the 2019-nCoV infection treatment. In severe hypoxaemia, a combination of antibiotics, α-interferon, lopinavir and mechanical ventilation can effectively mitigate the symptoms. Comprehensive knowledge on the innate and adaptive immune responses, will make it possible to propose potent antiviral drugs with their effective therapeutic measures for the prevention of viral infection. This therapeutic strategy will help patients worldwide to protect themselves against severe and fatal viral infections, that potentially can evolve and develop drug resistance, and to reduce mortality rates. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.011 doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.011 id: cord-263861-7a076c90 author: Hossien Mehrsafar, Amir title: Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes date: 2020-05-06 words: 467.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263861-7a076c90.txt summary: title: Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes Learning from the past economic crises caused by previous 86 pandemics, planning for the current situation, and eventual future prevention strategies would seem to 87 require the establishment of a specific task force. In summary, in critical situations, health authorities and sport communities must identify their 89 priorities and make plans to maintain athletes'' health and athletic activities. Several aspects play an 90 important role in prioritization and strategic planning, e.g., physical and mental health, distribution of 91 resources, and short to long-term environmental considerations. Considerations for sports federations/sports event organizers 108 when planning mass gatherings in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance Mental 114 health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement Sport psychology 117 services to high performance athletes during COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the 122 Competitive Athlete abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.011 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.011 id: cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author: Hotopf, Matthew title: The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date: 2020-06-04 words: 2008.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt summary: We have already seen evidence of the pandemic having particularly adverse outcomes for people from Black and minority ethnic groupsthese differential effects on mental and physical health need to be better understood. It is unknown whether or how these changes in our lives will affect mental health, and therefore research to monitor self-harm and suicide and the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in the general population and populations at particular risk is vital. 5 In understanding long-term outcomes for people with severe COVID-19 illness, it will be necessary to resolve whether any effect on mental health arises from the possible neurotropic action of the virus, a more general impact of the ''cytokine storm'' that accompanies severe systemic infection, or the alarming experience of being mortally ill, as related to post-traumatic stress reactions. If research is to address the diverse challenges to mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, several conditions need to be met. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science abstract: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health are unknown. We need to understand the scale of any such impact in different sections of the population, who is most affected and how best to mitigate, prevent and treat any excess morbidity. We propose a coordinated and interdisciplinary mental health science response. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.125 doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.125 id: cord-318333-rzhrgp5q author: Hou, Jiabao title: COVID-19 infection, a potential threat to surgical patients and staff? A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-03 words: 3264.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318333-rzhrgp5q.txt summary: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in surgical patients and medical staff. 8 In this study, we report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of surgical patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia infection and the infection transmission from surgical patients to medical staff. 10 Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were considered positive for SARS-CoV-2 with the use of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended kit (BioGerm, Shanghai, China), following WHO guidelines for qRT-PCR, 5 or by chest computed tomographic (CT) scans. 10 In the early stage of this epidemic (before January 23th, 2020), the nucleic acid tests were performed only on the suspected surgical patients with fever more than 37.3 ℃ and/or pulmonary infection (Chest CT/X-R ray showing) when entering the operating room, and medical staff only used the surgical mask to protect themselves. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in surgical patients and medical staff. METHODS: A single-center case series of 1586 consecutive surgical patients was selected at our hospital from January 13 to March 12, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 were analyzed and followed up to May 20, 2020. The transmission of COVID-19 between the surgical patients and medical staff was also recorded. RESULTS: Seventeen (1.07%) surgical patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, with a high incidence in the thoracic department (9.37%), and the median age was 58 years (IQR, 53-73). The median time from hospital admission to COVID-19 diagnosis was 9.0 days (7.0-12.0) and was 6.0 days (4.0-7.0) from the day of surgery to COVID-19 diagnosis. Eleven (64.70%) patients suffered from pulmonary infection before surgery. When COVID-19 was diagnosed, common symptoms were fever (82.35%) and cough (94.12%), and most (82.35%) neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios were high (>3.5). Chest computed tomography (CT) (82.35%) showed bilateral dense shadows. Surgical patients with COVID-19 stayed in the hospital for approximately 35.0 days (25.5-43.0), with a mortality rate of 11.76%. Sixteen medical staff were infected with COVID-19 in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of 1586 surgical patients, the COVID-19 infection rate was 1.07%, with an especially high incidence among patients with thoracic diseases. Middle-aged and elderly patients with preoperative pulmonary infection were more susceptible to COVID-19 infection after surgery. Medical staff were infected with COVID-19 and should take protective measures to protect themselves. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120306415?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.08.037 id: cord-338933-67e98ok3 author: Howarth, Candice title: Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 4041.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338933-67e98ok3.txt summary: We discuss how COVID-19 has demonstrated that behaviours can change abruptly, that these changes come at a cost, that we need a ''social mandate'' to ensure these changes remain in the long-term, and that science plays an important role in informing this process. There is public support for climate change action, including a low-carbon economic stimulus post-lockdown (Figueres 2020) , but there is a need for a more comprehensive debate, bringing scientific evidence together with public views and values-a key characteristic of deliberative governance activities such as citizen juries and assemblies (Kythreotis et al. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens'' assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens'' assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID. abstract: The COVID-19 imposed lockdown has led to a number of temporary environmental side effects (reduced global emissions, cleaner air, less noise), that the climate community has aspired to achieve over a number of decades. However, these benefits have been achieved at a massive cost to welfare and the economy. This commentary draws lessons from the COVID-19 crisis for climate change. It discusses whether there are more sustainable ways of achieving these benefits, as part of a more desirable, low carbon resilient future, in a more planned, inclusive and less disruptive way. In order to achieve this, we argue for a clearer social contract between citizens and the state. We discuss how COVID-19 has demonstrated that behaviours can change abruptly, that these changes come at a cost, that we need a ‘social mandate’ to ensure these changes remain in the long-term, and that science plays an important role in informing this process. We suggest that deliberative engagement mechanisms, such as citizens’ assemblies and juries, could be a powerful way to build a social mandate for climate action post-COVID-19. This would enable behaviour changes to become more accepted, embedded and bearable in the long-term and provide the basis for future climate action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836829/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00446-9 id: cord-254621-ub7ynjai author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 1391.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254621-ub7ynjai.txt summary: We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This retrospective study aimed to quantify the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess a potential impact of the partial lockdown in Germany. This study identified a decrease of mental health emergency service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the first time extends observations made in other specialties [2, 3] to psychiatry. The correlation of lower service utilization rates and decreased population mobility moreover suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing on patients'' willingness to seek help for mental health problems through in-hospital consultations. abstract: During the rapid rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction of the numbers of patients presenting to emergency departments has been observed. We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This finding underscores the necessity of raising and sustaining awareness regarding the threat to mental health in the context of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01151-w doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01151-w id: cord-322590-twnlaq24 author: Hoyer, Carolin title: Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 3056.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322590-twnlaq24.txt summary: title: Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteristics of patients with neurological complaints seeking evaluation in an interdisciplinary emergency department (ED) during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In addition, hospital chart data of patients referred for neurological evaluation during weeks 12–15/2020 when the pandemic began impacting on public life in Germany were analysed regarding demographic information, chief complaints, modes of presentation and disposition and ED discharge diagnosis. [7] [8] [9] Here we analysed the characteristics of patients presenting with neurological complaints to an interdisciplinary ED during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and compared these to data from a control cohort during the same weeks of the year 2017. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteristics of patients with neurological complaints seeking evaluation in an interdisciplinary emergency department (ED) during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data on the number of ED presentations due to neurological complaints in weeks 1–15/2020 were collected. In addition, hospital chart data of patients referred for neurological evaluation during weeks 12–15/2020 when the pandemic began impacting on public life in Germany were analysed regarding demographic information, chief complaints, modes of presentation and disposition and ED discharge diagnosis. Both data sets were compared to respective periods from 2017. RESULTS: During the surge of COVID-19, we found a significant decrease of the total number of neurological ED patients by 47.6%. Comparing weeks 12–15 of 2017 and 2020, we found a decrease in the number of patients of <30 years (p<0.001) and an increase of those [Image: see text] 70 years (p<0.001). A higher proportion of patients were admitted to escalated care (p=0.03), and fewer patients were discharged against medical advice (p<0.001). In addition, the ratio of less acute diagnoses (eg, benign headaches) declined significantly. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the pandemic has contributed to a – potentially transient – reframing of laypeople’s perception of urgency and necessity for emergency presentation. The establishment and promotion of health-care structures and services like telemedical consultations and the creation of safe ED environments will be essential to enable adequate delivery of care in potential future waves of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061392/ doi: 10.2147/ndt.s273913 id: cord-293166-gkzebyda author: Hoz, Samer S. title: Letter to the Editor: “Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq” date: 2020-11-03 words: 1348.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293166-gkzebyda.txt summary: title: Letter to the Editor: "Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq" Letter to the Editor: "Beyond Containment: Tracking the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Neurosurgery Services in Iraq" LETTER: The Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital (NTH) in Baghdad, Iraq, provides neurosurgical care for 4.2 million people-approximately 50% of the population in Baghdad, with a total capacity of 102 beds, 16 neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU) beds, and 7 operating rooms. Cases requiring less immediate care are only admitted if the condition is deemed to be "urgent." This decision is the responsibility of a newly assembled local hospital committee, composed of 3 senior neurosurgeons. As for patients, a total of 25 acute trauma cases have been confirmed to be positive by immediate postoperative polymerase chain reaction. Such situations are hazardous and require urgent legislative change that determines the COVID-19 status of all admitted patients to be positive unless proven otherwise. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020318271 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.060 id: cord-291916-5yqc3zcx author: Hozhabri, Hossein title: The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting date: 2020-08-05 words: 16737.0 sentences: 847.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291916-5yqc3zcx.txt summary: abstract: Over the past two decades, there have been two major outbreaks where the crossover of animal Betacoronaviruses to humans has resulted in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). In December 2019, a global public health concern started with the emergence of a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) which has rapidly spread all over the world from its origin in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, which includes human SARS-CoV, MERS and two other human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1. The fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is lower than the two previous coronavirus epidemics, but it is faster spreading and the large number of infected people with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness, showed SARS-CoV-2 to be highly contagious. Based on the current published evidence, herein we summarize the origin, genetics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, preventions, diagnosis and up to date treatments of SARS-CoV-2 infections in comparison with those caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, the possible impact of weather conditions on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to reconsider the two previous pandemics and provide a reference for future studies as well as therapeutic approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165648 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165648 id: cord-299781-9d5g5xaw author: Hrusak, Ondrej title: Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment date: 2020-04-07 words: 2377.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299781-9d5g5xaw.txt summary: title: Flash Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Pediatric Patients on anti-Cancer Treatment While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment. The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 was identified in December, 2019. 11 To evaluate this, we used a flash survey to determine whether there was current evidence that pediatric patients with cancer in SARS-CoV-2 affected areas had been tested for this virus or had developed severe COVID-19 disease. More research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in pediatric patients with cancer or other immunocompromised children. abstract: Abstract Introduction Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke are strongly associated with the need of intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukemia. Aim and methods We made a flash survey on COVID19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short web based survey. Results We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed. At the time of the survey, over 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken as well as treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19. Conclusion Thus, even children receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.021 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.021 id: cord-300037-gtfx5cp4 author: Hsiang, Solomon title: The Effect of Large-Scale Anti-Contagion Policies on the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-03-27 words: 14697.0 sentences: 761.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300037-gtfx5cp4.txt summary: Here, we compile new data on 1,659 local, regional, and national anti-contagion policies recently deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, and the United States (US). Our econometric approach accounts for di↵erences in the baseline growth rate of infections across locations due to di↵erences in demographics, socio-economic status, culture, or health systems across localities within a country; it accounts for systemic patterns in growth rates within countries unrelated to policy, such as the e↵ect of the work-week; it is robust to systematic under-surveillance; and it accounts for changes in procedures to diagnose positive cases (see Methods and Appendix Section 2). We estimate that since the beginning of our sample, on average, all anti-contagion policies combined have slowed the average daily growth rate of infections 0.166 per day (±0.015, p < 0.001) in China, 0.276 (±0.066, p < 0.001) in South Korea, 0.158 (±0.071, p < 0.05) in Italy, 0.292 (±0.037, p < 0.001) in Iran, 0.132 (±0.053, p < 0.05) in France and 0.044 (±0.059, p = 0.45) in the US. abstract: Governments around the world are responding to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic with unprecedented policies designed to slow the growth rate of infections. Many actions, such as closing schools and restricting populations to their homes, impose large and visible costs on society. In contrast, the benefits of these policies, in the form of infections that did not occur, cannot be directly observed and are currently understood through process-based simulations. Here, we compile new data on 1,659 local, regional, and national anti-contagion policies recently deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, and the United States (US). We then apply reduced-form econometric methods, commonly used to measure the effect of policies on economic growth, to empirically evaluate the effect that these anti-contagion policies have had on the growth rate of infections. In the absence of any policy actions, we estimate that early infections of COVID-19 exhibit exponential growth rates of roughly 42% per day. We find that anti-contagion policies collectively have had significant effects slowing this growth. Our results suggest that similar policies may have different impacts on different populations, but we obtain consistent evidence that the policy packages now deployed are achieving large, beneficial, and measurable health outcomes. We estimate that, to date, current policies have already prevented or delayed on the order of 62 million infections across these six countries. These findings may help inform whether or when these ongoing policies should be lifted or intensified, and they can support decision-making in the other 180+ countries where COVID-19 has been reported. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040642 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040642 id: cord-339100-600am3mq author: Hsiang, Walter R title: Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden date: 2020-03-27 words: 651.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339100-600am3mq.txt summary: title: Scarce COVID-19 Testing Capabilities at Urgent Care Centers in States with Greatest Disease Burden Through a phone survey, we describe the COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs and provide a snapshot highlighting the limited COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs in states with the greatest disease burden. For many individuals, urgent care centers (UCCs) may offer the most accessible avenue to be tested. For many individuals, urgent care centers (UCCs) may offer the most accessible avenue to be tested. Using a phone survey, we describe the COVID-19 testing capabilities of UCCs in states with the greatest disease burden. We identified ten states with the highest COVID-19 caseload as of March 19 according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Of 250 UCCs contacted, 57 (22.8%) offered COVID-19 testing. However, this study serves as an important snapshot that highlights the limited COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs in the most heavily burdened states. abstract: As of March 22, 2020, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the U.S. has reached nearly 30,000. While rapid and accessible diagnosis is paramount to monitoring and reducing the spread of disease, COVID-19 testing capabilities across the U.S. remain constrained. For many individuals, urgent care centers (UCCs) may offer the most accessible avenue to be tested. Through a phone survey, we describe the COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs and provide a snapshot highlighting the limited COVID-19 testing capabilities at UCCs in states with the greatest disease burden. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040923 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040923 id: cord-299882-ee5wathm author: Hsiehchen, David title: Deficiencies in the designs and interventions of COVID-19 clinical trials date: 2020-07-04 words: 1166.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299882-ee5wathm.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] [4] Particularly concerning is that the dearth of high-quality medical evidence has contributed to a lack of confidence in existing guidelines on COVID-19 therapies, the off-label use of unproven therapies by patients and clinicians, and predatory behaviors exploiting the lack of strong scientific rationale for many tested interventions. 4, 6 We assessed the strength of preclinical evidence supporting the most popular interventional drugs purported to have direct anti-viral activity by examining all related PubMed entries (Supplementary Figure 1D) . Geographic differences in trial characteristics, the poor alignment between trial numbers and COVID-19 disease burden, and lack of international collaborations suggest that better integration of clinical research efforts is warranted to combat a global public health crisis. PubMed entries associated with the indicated intervention are shown, including publications describing experiments that directly assessed In vitro or in vivo anti-viral activity abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.007 doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.007 id: cord-255476-p0gyyl3c author: Hsu, Albert L. title: Placental SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID‐19 Disease date: 2020-08-04 words: 3310.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255476-p0gyyl3c.txt summary: Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.(1) COVID‐19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non‐pregnant women.(2) OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in a woman with mild COVID‐19 disease, then review the literature. Evidence of placental COVID‐19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission – especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID‐19 in early pregnancy. In this case study, we present a case of placental SARS-CoV-2 virus in a woman with an uncomplicated pregnancy and mild COVID-19 disease. To date, there is still no other published work about SARS-CoV-2 virus by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of women with mild COVID-19 disease. Despite her having mild COVID-19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus across the placenta. Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth abstract: BACKGROUND: The full impact of COVID‐19 on pregnancy remains uncharacterized. Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.(1) COVID‐19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non‐pregnant women.(2) OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in a woman with mild COVID‐19 disease, then review the literature. RT‐PCR was performed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed with specific monoclonal antibodies to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen or to identify trophoblasts. RESULTS: A 29 year‐old multigravida presented at 40‐4/7 weeks for labor induction. With myalgias two days prior, she tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. We demonstrate maternal vascular malperfusion, with no fetal vascular malperfusion, as well as SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in chorionic villi endothelial cells, and also rarely in trophoblasts. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of placental SARS‐CoV‐2 despite mild COVID‐19 disease (no symptoms of COVID‐19 aside from myalgias); patient had no fever, cough, or shortness of breath, but only myalgias and sick contacts. Despite her mild COVID‐19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus across the placenta. Evidence of placental COVID‐19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission – especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID‐19 in early pregnancy. This raises important questions of whether future pregnancy guidance should include stricter pandemic precautions, such as screening for a wider array of COVID‐19 symptoms, increased antenatal surveillance, and possibly routine COVID‐19 testing throughout pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26386 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26386 id: cord-337946-qpa6tk6v author: Hsu, C.-Y. title: Efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients with a simulated two-arm controlled study date: 2020-05-08 words: 2550.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337946-qpa6tk6v.txt summary: We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity ( Figure 2 of the original article 7 ) that are classified into low-(no and low oxygen supplement), medium-(non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity ( Figure 2 of the original article 7 ) that are classified into low-(no and low oxygen supplement), medium-(non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. abstract: While the recent study on the compassionate use of remdesivir for COVID-19 patients has shown a 68% clinical improvement7 it is a one-arm study that renders the evaluation of the efficacy in reducing death and the length of stay of hospitalization intractable due to a lacking of the control group. We came up with a two-arm controlled study design to simulate the treated and the untreated (control group) group by applying two respective transition models to the empirical data on dynamics of the disease severity (Figure 2 of the original article7) that are classified into low- (no and low oxygen supplement), medium- (non-invasive ventilator and high oxygen supplement), and high-(ECMO and invasive ventilator) from enrolment until discharge, death or the end of follow-up. By using a simulated two-arm controlled study, the remdesivir treatment group as opposed to the control group led to a statistically significantly 29% (95% CI: 22-35%) reduction of death from COVID-19. The treated group also revealed a 33% (95% CI 28-38%) significantly higher odds of discharge than the control group. The median time to discharge for the treated group (5.5 days, 16.5 days, and 29.5 days for low-, medium-, and high-risk state, respectively) was around half of those of the control arm. Our results with a simulated two-arm controlled study have not only corroborated the efficacy of remdesivir but also made great contribution to designing a further large-scale randomized controlled trial. They have significant implications for reducing transmission probability and infectious time of COVID-19 patients when contacting with susceptible health care workers during hospitalization. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088559 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088559 id: cord-335838-n1184x8g author: Hsu, Caroline M. title: COVID-19 in Dialysis Patients: Outlasting and Outsmarting a Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 1565.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335838-n1184x8g.txt summary: In this issue of Kidney International, three reports highlight the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 on dialysis patients, noting its high prevalence, particularly among in-center dialysis patients. Accordingly, it is imperative that the kidney community intervene to reduce the threat of COVID-19 in the vulnerable population by focusing on modifiable factors, including universal masking of patients and staff and enhanced screening, including testing asymptomatic patients for COVID-19 in times of high local prevalence. In Europe and much of Asia, aggressive steps were taken to control the spread of COVID-19 in the general population, with institution of mandatory physical distancing policies in times of high community spread, implementation of mandatory masking policies, and broad availability of contact tracing and testing, including among asymptomatic individuals, with resultant substantial reductions in mortality. In conclusion, the studies published in this issue of Kidney International highlight not only the high risk of developing COVID-19 among in-center hemodialysis patients but also the severe consequences of COVID-19 in this population, with 20% mortality among dialysis patients with COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19 has affected dialysis patients and dialysis patient care worldwide. In this issue of Kidney International, three reports highlight the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 on dialysis patients, noting its high prevalence, particularly among in-center dialysis patients. This likely reflects patients’ limited ability to physically distance as well as community exposures, including residence in areas with high rates of infection. Dialysis patients are at extremely high risk should they develop COVID-19, with short-term mortality of 20% or higher. Accordingly, it is imperative that the kidney community intervene to reduce the threat of COVID-19 in the vulnerable population by focusing on modifiable factors, including universal masking of patients and staff and enhanced screening, including testing asymptomatic patients for COVID-19 in times of high local prevalence. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253820312035?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.005 id: cord-279933-l7nen2uj author: Hsu, Jeffrey J. title: COVID‐19 in a High‐Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-04-21 words: 2514.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279933-l7nen2uj.txt summary: In this report, we present a dual‐organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID‐19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course. 3 Based on prior studies of respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, 4 it has also been assumed that this population, with its associated immunosuppressed state, is at higher risk of morbidity and mortality with COVID-19. 6, 7 Here we present a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a diabetic dual-organ (heart/kidney) recipient, whose course was unexpectedly mild despite the presence of numerous risk factors. A 39-year-old man with a history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease who underwent combined heart/kidney transplant in 2017 presented to our Emergency Department for COVID-19 testing via nasopharyngeal swab after experiencing one day of rapid onset symptoms that included fevers (up to 101.8F), headache, sore throat, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and myalgias. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is rapidly infecting people worldwide, resulting in the infectious disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) that has been declared a pandemic. Much remains unknown about COVID‐19, including its effects on solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Given their immunosuppressed state, SOT recipients are presumed to be at high risk of complications with viral infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2. Limited case reports in single SOT recipients, however, have not suggested a particularly severe course in this population. In this report, we present a dual‐organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID‐19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15936 doi: 10.1111/ajt.15936 id: cord-298079-hgdyxk98 author: Hsu, Jeffrey J. title: Heart Transplantation in the Early Phase of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Single‐Center Case Series date: 2020-07-12 words: 2096.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298079-hgdyxk98.txt summary: Here, we describe our center''s experience with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in one of the country''s pandemic epicenters, where we performed eight OHTs in the first two months after community spread began in late February 2020. 3 Further, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in highly immunosuppressed patients in the early post-transplant period are currently unclear. Current recommendations from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) is for all potential donors to undergo PCR-based testing for SARS-CoV-2. In our eight cases performed during the period of pandemic onset (Table) , none have become infected with SARS-CoV-2 to date, despite the growing number of cases in Los Angeles (Figure 1) . Similarly, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with a newly transplanted cardiac graft is unclear, as to our knowledge, there are have yet to be any cases reported at the time of this communication. More evidence is needed to determine the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newly transplanted patients. abstract: The infectious disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The impact of COVID‐19 on solid organ transplantations, including heart transplantation, is currently unclear. Many transplant programs have been forced to swiftly re‐evaluate and adapt their practices, leading to a marked decrease in transplants performed. This trend has been due to various factors, including increased donor COVID‐19 screening scrutiny and recipient waiting list management in anticipation of COVID‐19 critical care surge capacity planning. In the face of these unknown variables, determining when and how to proceed with transplantation in our population of patients with end‐stage cardiomyopathies is challenging. Here, we describe our center’s experience with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in one of the country’s pandemic epicenters, where we performed eight OHTs in the first two months after community spread began in late February 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.14042 doi: 10.1111/ctr.14042 id: cord-294854-rvrgcugn author: Hu, Biying title: The cytokine storm and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-27 words: 2781.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294854-rvrgcugn.txt summary: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread throughout the world 1 . It has been reported that a cytokine storm is Accepted Article associated with the deterioration of many infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 4 . It is considered to be the main cause of disease severity and death in Accepted Article COVID-19 patients 5 , and is related to high levels of circulating cytokines, severe lymphopenia, thrombosis, and massive mononuclear cell infiltration in multiple organs 21 . Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist that blocks the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, has been reported to improve respiratory function and increase the survival rate of COVID-19 patients 73 . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of Accepted Article coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has caused a large global pandemic and poses a serious threat to public health. More than four million cases of COVID‐19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), have been confirmed as of May 11, 2020. SARS‐CoV‐2 is a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus that primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and close contact. A growing body of clinical data suggests that a cytokine storm is associated with COVID‐19 severity and is also a crucial cause of death from COVID‐19. In the absence of antivirals and vaccines for COVID‐19, there is an urgent need to understand the cytokine storm in COVID‐19. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the features of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the pathological features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatments of the cytokine storm induced by COVID‐19. Additionally, we suggest that the identification and treatment of the cytokine storm are important components for rescuing patients with severe COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592501/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26232 id: cord-292880-zegtr19k author: Hu, Fuying title: Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 words: 3794.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292880-zegtr19k.txt summary: title: Corticosteroid, oseltamivir and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Here, we reviewed medical records of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Tianmen, a city in Hubei province adjacent to Wuhan, to describe the clinical features, epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding of COVID-19. Time from illness onset to hospital admission (P < 0.001), radiographic extent (P = 0.002), lymphocyte count (P = 0.038), albumin (P = 0.046), hs-CRP (P = 0.010), and prescription of antibiotics (P < 0.001), arbidol (P = 0.020), oseltamivir (P <0.001), corticosteroid (P < 0.001) and immunoglobulin (P < 0.001) were also associated with prolonged viral shedding. In the present study, we described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients in Tianmen city, Hubei province, and concluded that delayed admission, and prescription of corticosteroid and oseltamivir were significantly associated with prolonged viral shedding. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide, and it has reached to more than 14.5 million cases. Although Hubei province is the epicenter of China, little is known about epidemiological and clinical features of COVID‐19 in other areas in Hubei province around Wuhan. In addition, the virological data, particularly the factors associated with viral shedding of COVID‐19 has not been well described. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with COVID‐19 in Tianmen city, and identify risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding of COVID‐19. METHODS: Inpatients with COVID‐19 admitted before February 9, 2020 were included. Characteristics were compared between patients with early and late viral RNA shedding. Multivariate cox regression model was used to investigate variables associated with prolonged viral shedding. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty‐three patients were included. About 8.2% patients were categorized as critical degree of severity. All patients received antiviral therapy, with arbidol and interferon being the commonest. About 38.3% and 16.9% patients were treated with corticosteroid and immunoglobulin, respectively. Time from onset to admission (HR = 0.829, P < 0.001), and administration of corticosteroid (HR = 0.496, P = 0.002), arbidol (HR = 2.605, P = 0.008) and oseltamivir (HR = 0.416, P < 0.001) were independently associated with duration of viral shedding. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of patients from Tianmen are relatively mild. Treatment should be started as early as possible, but corticosteroid and oseltamivir should be initiated with caution. In addition, clinical trials on arbidol should be conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32750201/ doi: 10.1111/crj.13243 id: cord-277739-eb4z3u66 author: Hu, Ke title: Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-05-16 words: 3665.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277739-eb4z3u66.txt summary: title: Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules, a repurposed Chinese Herb, in Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial In the latest publication, Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsule (Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China) was a manufactured product of the traditional Chinese medicine formula marketed in China that could significantly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, alter the viral morphology and confer anti-inflammatory activity in vitro . On the basis of usual treatment, we sought to explore the safety and efficacy of LH capsules in patients with Covid-19 by conducting a multicenter randomized controlled trial in mainland China. Eligibility criteria consisted of the following: 1) Laboratory-confirmed cases with according to the Protocol for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronarvirus Pneumonia (4 th edition) which was issued by the National Health Commission (General Office Of The National Health And Health Commission, 2020) (Panel 1); 2) Being symptomatic (either having fever, coughing, or fatigue) plus radiologic abnormalities consistent with pneumonia; 3) Patients aged 18 years or greater of either sex. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has resulted in a global outbreak. Few existing targeted medications are available. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsule, a repurposed marketed Chinese herb product, has been proven effective for influenza. PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsule in patients with Covid-19. METHODS: We did a prospective multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial on LH capsule in confirmed cases with Covid-19. Patients were randomized to receive usual treatment alone or in combination with LH capsules (4 capsules, thrice daily) for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of symptom (fever, fatigue, coughing) recovery. RESULTS: We included 284 patients (142 each in treatment and control group) in the full-analysis set. The recovery rate was significantly higher in treatment group as compared with control group (91.5% vs. 82.4%, P=0.022). The median time to symptom recovery was markedly shorter in treatment group (median: 7 vs. 10 days, P<0.001). Time to recovery of fever (2 vs. 3 days), fatigue (3 vs. 6 days) and coughing (7 vs. 10 days) was also significantly shorter in treatment group (all P<0.001). The rate of improvement in chest computed tomographic manifestations (83.8% vs. 64.1%, P<0.001) and clinical cure (78.9% vs. 66.2%, P=0.017) was also higher in treatment group. However, both groups did not differ in the rate of conversion to severe cases or viral assay findings (both P>0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: In light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, LH capsules could be considered to ameliorate clinical symptoms of Covid-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711320300738?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153242 id: cord-277712-sx5k0m4q author: Hu, Ling-Qun title: COVID-19 and improved prevention of hospital-acquired infection date: 2020-05-31 words: 787.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277712-sx5k0m4q.txt summary: Many hospitals in the US implemented their own protective measures as a response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic even before the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended voluntary mask wearing in the public. Even with these extra precautionary measures, healthcare workers have been disproportionately infected, with 9,282 reported cases of COVID-19, resulting in 27 deaths, with 55% of respondents saying they contracted the virus while at work based on a report from the CDC on April 9th, 2020 (2) . In contrast to Europe and North America that have been especially burdened by COVID-19 and only advocated for social distancing and handwashing, countries in Asia with visibly lower mortality and infection rates shared the common practice of protective masking and handwashing [ Figure 1 ]. We should take this opportunity to ease not only the challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic but also other hospital-acquired infections such as seasonal flu. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007091220304190?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.037 id: cord-269825-k685efoh author: Hu, Parker title: Early comprehensive testing for COVID-19 is essential to protect trauma centers date: 2020-07-01 words: 3286.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269825-k685efoh.txt summary: We recorded the daily number of trauma patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of clinical symptoms or radiological signs of COVID-19, and the results of verbal symptom screen (for new admissions). Positive verbal screen results, presence of ground glass opacities on admission chest CT, and presence of clinical symptoms were not significantly different in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05). [14] [15] [16] While the position is becoming well defined for those patients with known, established disease, there is little available data to guide trauma centers that may be required to treat significant numbers of asymptomatic infected new patients during this ongoing crisis. The screening and testing procedure in the trauma bay subsequently identified four additional SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. All new trauma patients should be regarded as SARS-CoV-2 positive until testing can be completed to minimize exposures to staff and limit nosocomial spread of disease. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presents a threat to health care systems worldwide. Trauma centers may be uniquely impacted, given the need for rapid invasive interventions in severely injured and the growing incidence of community infection. We discuss the impact that SARS-CoV-2 has had in our trauma center and our steps to limit the potential exposures. METHODS: We performed a retrospective evaluation of the trauma service, from March 16 to 30, following the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in our state. We recorded the daily number of trauma patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the presence of clinical symptoms or radiological signs of COVID-19, and the results of verbal symptom screen (for new admissions). The number of trauma activations, admissions, and census, as well as staff exposures and infections, was recorded daily. RESULTS: Over the 14-day evaluation period, we tested 85 trauma patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 21 (25%) were found to be positive. Sixty percent of the patients in the trauma/burn intensive care unit were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Positive verbal screen results, presence of ground glass opacities on admission chest CT, and presence of clinical symptoms were not significantly different in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (p > 0.05). Many infected patients were without clinical symptoms (9/21, 43%) or radiological signs on admission (18/21, 86%) of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Forty-five percent of trauma patients are asymptomatic at the time of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Respiratory symptoms, as well as verbal screening (recent fevers, shortness of breath, cough, international travel, and close contact with known SARS-CoV-2 carriers), are inaccurate in the trauma population. These findings demonstrate the need for comprehensive rapid testing of all trauma patients upon presentation to the trauma bay. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic tests or criteria, level III, Therapeutic/care management, level IV. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002870 doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002870 id: cord-340163-ex03l0pc author: Hu, Tingting title: A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-19 words: 7908.0 sentences: 459.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340163-ex03l0pc.txt summary: In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The latest diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, SARS and MERS including clinical presentations, labora tory diagnosis and radiological feature Latest treatment and prevention methods of Published in a peer-reviewed article Availability of the full text publication Availability of the paper in English According to a study among 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, the male-to-female ratio was 1.06:1, and the median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 42-68; range, 22-92 years) (Wu & McGoogan, 2020; Wang et al., 2020) . CXR findings In the early phase, CXR of COVID-19 patients is not highly recommended for clinical diagnosis because of its low sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. abstract: In mid-December 2019, a novel atypical pneumonia broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and was caused by a newly identified coronavirus, initially termed 2019 Novel Coronavirus and subsequently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 19 May 2020, a total of 4,731,458 individuals were reported as infected with SARS-CoV-2 among 213 countries, areas or territories with recorded cases, and the overall case-fatality rate was 6.6% (316,169 deaths among 4,731,458 recorded cases), according to the World Health Organization. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is notably similar to (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) SARS-CoV that emerged in 2002–2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that spread during 2012, and these viruses all contributed to global pandemics. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly spread a pneumonia-like disease from Hubei Province, China, throughout the world has provoked widespread concern. The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory signs. At present, nucleic acid tests are widely recommended as the optimal method for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, obstacles remain, including the global shortage of testing kits and the presentation of false negatives. Experts suggest that almost everyone in China is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to date, there are no effective treatments. In light of the references published, this review demonstrates the biological features, spread, diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 as a whole and aims to analyse the similarities and differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to provide new ideas and suggestions for prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9725 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9725 id: cord-277014-iz8jo44e author: Hu, Weihua title: Disorders of sodium balance and its clinical implications in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective study date: 2020-10-16 words: 3643.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277014-iz8jo44e.txt summary: This study indicates that severity of the disease, the length of stay in the hospital of surviving patients, and mortality were higher among COVID-19 patients with sodium balance disorders. CONCLUSION: Sodium balance disorder, particularly hyponatremia, is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Hubei, China, and it is associated with a higher risk of severe illness and increased in-hospital mortality. reported hyponatremia to be much common (50%) amongst hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the United States [13] , and recently study further suggested that serum sodium concentration was inversely correlated with IL-6, and hyponatremia was associated with a more severe outcome of COVID-19 disease [14] . The associative disorders of serum sodium balance, their clinical characteristics, severity, and outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have not been established. It was revealed that disease severity, the length of hospital stay for surviving patients, and mortality were high among COVID-19 patients with sodium balance disorders. abstract: BACKGROUND: The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people leading to over 0.3 million mortalities. The disruption of sodium homeostasis, tends to be a common occurrence in patients with COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1,254 COVID-19 patients comprising 124 (9.9%) hyponatremic patients (under 135 mmol/L) and 30 (2.4%) hypernatremic patients (over 145 mmol/L) from three hospitals in Hubei, China, were enrolled in the study. The relationships between sodium balance disorders in COVID-19 patients, its clinical features, implications, and the underlying causes were presented. Hyponatremia patients were observed to be elderly, had more comorbidities, with severe pneumonic chest radiographic findings. They were also more likely to have a fever, nausea, higher leukocyte and neutrophils count, and a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP). Compared to normonatremia patients, renal insufficiency was common in both hyponatremia and hypernatremia patients. In addition, hyponatremia patients required extensive treatment with oxygen, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. The only significant differences between the hypernatremia and normonatremia patients were laboratory findings and clinical complications, and patients with hypernatremia were more likely to use traditional Chinese medicine for treatment compared to normonatremia patients. This study indicates that severity of the disease, the length of stay in the hospital of surviving patients, and mortality were higher among COVID-19 patients with sodium balance disorders. CONCLUSION: Sodium balance disorder, particularly hyponatremia, is a common condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Hubei, China, and it is associated with a higher risk of severe illness and increased in-hospital mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33064253/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02515-9 id: cord-334518-mjr6u7ak author: Hu, X. title: Development and clinical application of a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermalamplification test for SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-23 words: 5158.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334518-mjr6u7ak.txt summary: To accelerate clinical diagnostic testing for COVID-19, we conducted a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a novel RT-LAMP assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA for potential use in centralized facilities and point-of-care settings. Subsequently, we evaluated the RT-LAMP and standard RT-qPCR assays on 329 nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of 129 suspected COVID-19 patients and on the serial upper respiratory samples from an asymptomatic carrier, and the insistent samples between RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR were further subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for SARS-CoV-2 confirmation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108530 doi: medRxiv preprint As described in the Materials and Methods, we developed a rapid and simple RT-LAMP assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and positive reactions resulted in a color change from purple to blue due to decreased magnesium concentration in the presence of extensive Bst DNA polymerase activity, while negative reactions retained the purple color. abstract: Background The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 urgently requires sensitive and convenient COVID-19 diagnostics to assure the containment and timely treatment of patients. We aimed to develop and validate a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 in both qualified laboratories and point-of-care settings. Methods Patients with suspected COVID-19 and close contacts between Jan 26 and April 8, 2020, were recruited from two hospitals. Respiratory samples were collected and tested with LAMP and the results were compared with those obtained by RT-qPCR. The inconsistent samples between these two methods were subjected to next-generation sequencing for confirmation. In addition, we tested the RT-LAMP on an asymptomatic COVID-19 carrier and patients with other respiratory viral infections. Results We finally collected a cohort of 129 cases (329 nasopharyngeal swabs) and the independent cohort of 76 patients (152 nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples). RT-LAMP was validated to be accurate (overall sensitivity and specificity: 88.89% and 99.00%; positive and negative predictive values: 94.74% and 97.78%) and diagnostically useful (positive and negative likelihood ratios: 88.89 and 0.11). RT-LAMP showed an increased sensitivity (88.89% vs 81.48%) and high consistency (kappa 0.92) compared with RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 screening while requiring only constant temperature heating and visual inspection. The median time required for RT-LAMP was less than 1 h from sample to result. Further analyses indicated that RT-LAMP was feasible for asymptomatic patients and did not cross-react with other respiratory pathogen infections. Conclusion The RT-LAMP assay offers a rapid, sensitive and straightforward detection for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could aid the expansion of COVID-19 testing in the public domain and hospitals. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108530 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108530 id: cord-356215-0nypfw48 author: Hu, Xiaojing title: Management practices of emergency departments in general hospitals based on blockage of chain of infection during a COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-18 words: 4381.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356215-0nypfw48.txt summary: At the beginning of the epidemic, with the strategy to intercept the chain of infection, Peking University First Hospital (PKUFH) focused on three important aspects: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations, to expeditiously draft scientific and proper management measures for the emergency department, followed by real-time dynamic adjustments based on the development trend of the epidemic. Our study also proved that for the emergency department, the strategy of blocking the chain of infection (including controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route, and protecting susceptible populations) could effectively prevent and control COVID-19, and maintain normal operation of the emergency department as well as the safety of patients and medical staff during the epidemic to a maximum extent. abstract: In a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, management of the emergency department is a difficult task in terms of prevention and control of the disease in general hospitals. On top of meeting urgent needs of patients for medical treatment, the emergency department also has to devote resources into investigation and prevention of COVID-19. At the beginning of the epidemic, with the strategy to intercept the chain of infection, Peking University First Hospital (PKUFH) focused on three important aspects: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations, to expeditiously draft scientific and proper management measures for the emergency department, followed by real-time dynamic adjustments based on the development trend of the epidemic. These measures effectively ensured a smooth, orderly and safe operation of the emergency department. As of the writing of this manuscript, there has been no active COVID-19 infection in patients and medical staff in the emergency department, and no infection in patients admitted to PKUFH through the emergency department. This study describes the prevention and control measures in the emergency department of PKUFH during the outbreak of COVID-19, aiming to provide some reference for domestic and international medical institutions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948990/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02499-6 id: cord-276957-pk33dl8q author: Hu, Xuejiao title: Development and Clinical Application of a Rapid and Sensitive Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-26 words: 5649.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276957-pk33dl8q.txt summary: To accelerate clinical diagnostic testing for COVID-19, we conducted a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a novel RT-LAMP assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA for potential use in centralized facilities and point-of-care settings. The detection results obtained using the RT-LAMP assay showed good concordance with those obtained using the RT-qPCR In Cohort I, 35 of 37 nasopharyngeal swabs from 24 COVID-19 patients were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 positive according to the criteria of RT-qPCR (28 samples) and NGS confirmation (7 samples) (see Table S3 in the supplemental material). Subsequently, we evaluated the RT-LAMP and standard RT-qPCR assays on 329 nasopharyngeal swabs from a cohort of 129 suspected COVID-19 patients and on serial upper respiratory samples from an asymptomatic carrier, and the inconsistent samples between RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR were further subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for SARS-CoV-2 confirmation. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak urgently necessitates sensitive and convenient COVID-19 diagnostics for the containment and timely treatment of patients. We aimed to develop and validate a novel reverse transcription–loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay to detect SARS-CoV-2. Patients with suspected COVID-19 and close contacts were recruited from two hospitals between 26 January and 8 April 2020. Respiratory samples were collected and tested using RT-LAMP, and the results were compared with those obtained by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Samples yielding inconsistent results between these two methods were subjected to next-generation sequencing for confirmation. RT-LAMP was also applied to an asymptomatic COVID-19 carrier and patients with other respiratory viral infections. Samples were collected from a cohort of 129 cases (329 nasopharyngeal swabs) and an independent cohort of 76 patients (152 nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples). The RT-LAMP assay was validated to be accurate (overall sensitivity and specificity of 88.89% and 99.00%, respectively) and diagnostically useful (positive and negative likelihood ratios of 88.89 and 0.11, respectively). RT-LAMP showed increased sensitivity (88.89% versus 81.48%) and high consistency (kappa, 0.92) compared to those of RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 screening while requiring only constant-temperature heating and visual inspection. The time required for RT-LAMP was less than 1 h from sample preparation to the result. In addition, RT-LAMP was feasible for use with asymptomatic patients and did not cross-react with other respiratory pathogens. The developed RT-LAMP assay offers rapid, sensitive, and straightforward detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may aid the expansion of COVID-19 testing in the public domain and hospitals. IMPORTANCE We developed a visual and rapid reverse transcription–loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay targeting the S gene for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The strength of our study was that we validated the RT-LAMP assay using 481 clinical respiratory samples from two prospective cohorts of suspected COVID-19 patients and on the serial samples from an asymptomatic carrier. The developed RT-LAMP approach showed an increased sensitivity (88.89%) and high consistency (kappa, 0.92) compared with those of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 screening while requiring only constant-temperature heating and visual inspection, facilitating SARS-CoV-2 screening in well-equipped labs as well as in the field. The time required for RT-LAMP was less than 1 h from sample preparation to the result (more than 2 h for RT-qPCR). This study showed that the RT-LAMP assay was a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection and can facilitate COVID-19 diagnosis, especially in resource-poor settings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32848011/ doi: 10.1128/msphere.00808-20 id: cord-347898-appzi43a author: Hu, Zeming title: The Status of Psychological Issues Among Frontline Health Workers Confronting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 1720.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347898-appzi43a.txt summary: As an increasing number of studies about the transmission routes of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been conducted, healthcare workers who come into direct contact with confirmed or suspected patients are at high risk of infection despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Therefore, effective strategies to subvert mental breakdown among medical providers are needed as part of the public health response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the social support systems provided by organizations, building proper self-awareness, peer support, and team support will equip medical workers with the capacity to cope with mental health stress during the current pandemic. Second, social support, including online services and guidelines provided by organizations, should be utilized to timely, effectively, and efficiently mitigate the psychological impacts among health workers. Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582616/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00265 id: cord-267533-nmgtan4e author: Hu, Zhigang title: Delayed hospital admission and high-dose corticosteroids potentially prolong SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 words: 3605.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267533-nmgtan4e.txt summary: By LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we observed that delayed hospital admission, subpleural lesion, and high-dose corticosteroid use were independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. The study of Xu and colleagues [5] estimated the risk factors of delayed viral shedding (≥ 15 days after illness onset) and found that male, delayed hospital admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation were positively associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration. Delayed hospital admission, hypokalemia, and subpleural lesion were still the independent risk factors of long-term SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis with a generalized additive model. LASSO analysis with Cox regression model found six independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection duration, including cough, dyspnea, delayed hospital admission, subpleural lesion, the use of methylprednisolone, and the use of thymosin. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the infection of SARS-CoV-2 has become a serious pandemic worldwide. However, only few studies focused on risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection among patients with COVID-19. We included 206 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals between 23 Jan and 1 April 2020. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. By multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis, we further determined the associations between SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and potential risk factors. All patients had two negative SARS-CoV-2 tests with 33 days of median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection (interquartile range: 25.2–39 days). LASSO and binomial logistic regression analyses suggested that delayed hospital admission (adjusted OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.82–7.50), hypokalemia, and subpleural lesion (adjusted OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.10–16.97) were associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. By LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we observed that delayed hospital admission, subpleural lesion, and high-dose corticosteroid use were independent risk factors of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Early hospital admission shortened 5.73 days of mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection than delayed hospital admission after adjusting confounding factors. Our study demonstrated that delayed hospital admission and subpleural lesion were associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection among patients with COVID-19. The use of high-dose corticosteroids should be interpreted with extreme caution in treating COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123934/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-04085-2 id: cord-335039-o92ohoao author: Hu, Zhipeng title: Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-05 words: 2112.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335039-o92ohoao.txt summary: title: Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis CONCLUSION: Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of LHQWG in treating COVID-19, which will be of significant meaning for further research and clinical practice. Researchers carried out a series of studies on the efficacy of this medicine in the treatment of COVID-19. Since COVID19 is an urgent public health event, it is difficult to carry out randomized studies, it is appropriate to include nonrandomized studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The following data will be extracted: the first author''s name, publication time, country, article title, article type, interventions in experimental and control group, course of treatment, severity of disease, Table 1 Example of PubMed search strategy. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective Novel coronavirus pneumonia: clinical efficacy and mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen Granule: a network pharmacology study abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the outbreak, the disease has caused more than 60,502 deaths worldwide. Lian-Hua Qing-Wen Granule (LHQWG) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. However, there is no evidence that LHQWG is effective for COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane X(2) and I(2) tests. Publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. RESULTS: The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of LHQWG in treating COVID-19, which will be of significant meaning for further research and clinical practice. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: 10.17605/OSF.IO/27SBU. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501972/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020203 id: cord-324236-32sxqeko author: Hua, Wenbin title: Work Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgeons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Center Analysis date: 2020-08-13 words: 1313.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324236-32sxqeko.txt summary: During the pandemic period, many orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19 in China, and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed in our hospital decreased sharply. METHODS: The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons was evaluated by the workplaces of orthopaedic surgeons, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rate of orthopaedic surgeons and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed. RESULTS: During the pandemic period, 65.56% of the orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19. The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons was greatly changed by the To prevent the nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, it is necessary to conduct rigorous screening of each patient before being admitted to our hospital at the outpatient department, emergency department, or fever clinics. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, china abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic surgeries. During the pandemic period, many orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19 in China, and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed in our hospital decreased sharply. METHODS: The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons was evaluated by the workplaces of orthopaedic surgeons, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rate of orthopaedic surgeons and the number of orthopaedic surgeries performed. January 23–April 7 in 2020, January 23–April 8 in 2019, and April 8–June 22 in 2020 was defined as the pandemic period, non-pandemic period and the post-pandemic period, respectively. The number and types of orthopaedic surgeons during the pandemic period, non-pandemic period, and post-pandemic period was compared and summarized. RESULTS: During the pandemic period, 65.56% of the orthopaedic surgeons had been working at the front line to fight against COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of the orthopaedic surgeons who worked at the front line in January and since February was 18.18% and 0.00%, respectively (P=0.003). The number of orthopaedic surgeries performed per day during the pandemic period decreased 95.74% compared with the same period in the past year (P<0.001). The number of orthopaedic surgeries performed during the post-pandemic period was 13.10 times that of the pandemic period (P<0.001), and 55.71% of the non-pandemic period (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The work characteristics of orthopaedic surgeons greatly changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S240560302030042X doi: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100127 id: cord-253962-ug7yflxh author: Huang, Dong title: A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study date: 2020-06-08 words: 2459.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253962-ug7yflxh.txt summary: title: A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in suspected patients: A retrospective, multi‐center, observational study BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID‐19 among all suspected patients at admission. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID‐19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32, 95%CI 6.39‐27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI 1.70‐11.96), heart rate <100 beat/min (OR:3.80, 95%CI 2.00‐7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI 1.83‐7.10), neutrophil count ≤6.3×10(9)/L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI 2.52‐18.19), eosinophil count ≤0.02×10(9)/L (OR:3.14, 95%CI 1.58‐6.22), glucose ≥6 mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI 1.04‐5.66), D‐dimer ≥0.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI 1.22‐9.96), and C‐reactive protein <5 mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI 1.86‐7.92). The current study is conducted aiming to explore the potential early risk factors, and to develop a risk score used for predicting the probability of diagnosis among all suspected COVID-19 patients at early stage. abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to explore a novel risk score to predict diagnosis with COVID‐19 among all suspected patients at admission. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multi‐center, observational study. The clinical data of all suspected patients were analyzed. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Finally, 336 confirmed COVID‐19 patients and 139 control patients were included. We found nine independent risk factors for diagnosis with COVID‐19 at admission to hospital: epidemiological exposure histories (OR:13.32, 95%CI 6.39‐27.75), weakness/fatigue (OR:4.51, 95%CI 1.70‐11.96), heart rate <100 beat/min (OR:3.80, 95%CI 2.00‐7.22), bilateral pneumonia (OR:3.60, 95%CI 1.83‐7.10), neutrophil count ≤6.3×10(9)/L (OR: 6.77, 95%CI 2.52‐18.19), eosinophil count ≤0.02×10(9)/L (OR:3.14, 95%CI 1.58‐6.22), glucose ≥6 mmol/L (OR:2.43, 95%CI 1.04‐5.66), D‐dimer ≥0.5 mg/L (OR:3.49, 95%CI 1.22‐9.96), and C‐reactive protein <5 mg/L (OR:3.83, 95%CI 1.86‐7.92). As for the performance of this risk score, a cut‐off value of 20 (specificity: 0.866, sensitivity: 0.813) was identified to predict COVID‐19 according to ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.921 (95%CI: 0.896‐0.945, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We designed a novel risk score which might have a promising predictive capacity for diagnosis with COVID‐19 among suspected patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26143 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26143 id: cord-322908-e3gok0ot author: Huang, Fangfang title: A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-20 words: 5056.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322908-e3gok0ot.txt summary: In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19. In this review, we summarized potential Chinese herbal medicines ( Table 2 ) that may treat COVID-19 by targeting proteins such as Spike protein, ACE2, 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. We also predicted the binding affinities between these compounds and COVID-19 related targets by molecular docking, with a focus on six compounds: quercetin, andrographolide, glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin, patchouli alcohol, and luteolin. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: The epidemic of pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been listed as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO), and its harm degree is defined as a global “pandemic”. At present, the efforts of various countries focus on the rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients, as well as to find a treatment that can combat the most serious impact of the disease. The number of reported COVID-19 virus infections is still increasing. Unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines have been approved for the treatment of human coronaviruses, but there is an urgent need for in-depth research on emerging human infectious coronaviruses. Clarification transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, and identification of potential drug treatment targets will promote the development of effective prevention and treatment measures. In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820312378?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104929 id: cord-354395-5ss8vni5 author: Huang, G. title: Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China date: 2020-10-27 words: 3792.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354395-5ss8vni5.txt summary: title: Staging and typing of chest CT images: A quantitative analysis based on an ambispective observational cohort study of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China In this study, we established a cohort of 125 patients with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, Hubei, China, described the staging duration of their CT images, and put forward a four-stage staging method based on the time of symptom onset and appearance time of CT features at each stage. The clinical data of the patients with COVID-19 were collected independently from the hospital information system and four-cross-checked, including hospitalization registry numbers, genders, ages, symptom onset time, all symptoms, inception dates of critical type, chest CT images, laboratory test results, and outcomes. The pulmonary lesion sizes and their temporal changes of the whole cohort and different clinical types were separately quantitatively analyzed and compared. abstract: Background: The stage of CT images was rarely studied and the relationship between the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and CT images has not been studied based on systematic quantitative analysis currently. Purpose: To investigate the staging duration and classification of CT images of patients with COVID-19 based on quantitative analysis. Materials and Methods: This is an ambispective observational cohort study based on 125 patients with COVID-19 from Jan 23 to Feb 28, 2020. The stage of CT and pulmonary lesion size were quantitatively analyzed. The categorical regression analysis based on optimal scale (CATREG) was performed to evaluate the association of CT score, age, and gender with the clinical type. Results: The CT images of 125 patients with COVID-19 (50.13 plus-or-minus 16.91 years, 66 women) were analyzed in this study. Except for pre-early stage, the duration of early, progression-consolidation, and dissipation stage of CT images was 3.40 plus-or-minus 2.31, 10.07 plus-or-minus 4.91, and 20.60 plus-or-minus 7.64 days, respectively. The median CT score was 5.00 (2.00-8.50) during the first 30 days, which reached a peak on the 11th day. Significant differences were found between the median CT scores of different clinical types (P less than 0.05). Besides, the age was correlated with the clinical type (P less than 0.001), the CT scores of 0.00-11.50, 11.50-16.00, and 16.00-20.00 were separately correlated with the moderate, severe, and critical type with the output accuracy 69.60%. Conclusion: The four-stage staging method based on quantitative analysis is consistent with the change rules of staging features and COVID-19. Quantitative study by scoring pulmonary lesion sizes accurately revealed the evolvement of pulmonary lesions and differences between different clinical types. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.25.20219253 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20219253 id: cord-324509-5c6fzdjm author: Huang, Haijun title: The association between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-22 words: 2150.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324509-5c6fzdjm.txt summary: 7 Some studies have reported the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , including some factors that may lead to COVID-19-related liver damage and the relationship between liver function damage and disease prognosis. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics and dynamic changes in liver function based on different liver function levels at admission and different prognosis, in the purpose of finding out risk factors related to liver injury, and associations between markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19, including mortality and mechanical ventilation. 13, 17 One study had suggested that the dynamic changes in liver enzyme levels in severe patients were more significant, and AST was the parameter most correlated with mortality. In our study, the dynamic changes of ALT and AST levels were more significant in patients with liver injury and in the fatal group. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a critical challenge for public health. The effect of COVID‐19 on liver injury has not been fully presented. AIMS: To evaluate the dynamic changes in liver function and the relationship between liver function damage and prognosis in patients with COVID‐19. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 675 patients with COVID‐19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 3 to March 8, 2020. Patients were classified as normal, abnormal liver function and liver injury. RESULTS: Of 675 patients, 253 (37.5%) had abnormal liver function during hospitalisation, and 52 (7.7%) had liver injury. The dynamic changes of ALT and AST levels were more significant in patients with liver injury and in those who died. AST >3‐fold ULN had the highest risk of death and mechanical ventilation. Compared to patients with normal AST levels, mortality and risk of mechanical ventilation significantly increased 19.27‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.89‐75.97; P < 0.0001) and 116.72‐fold (95% CI, 31.58‐431.46; P < 0.0001), respectively, in patients with AST above 3‐fold ULN. Increased leucocytes, decreased lymphocytes and female sex were independently associated with liver injury. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic changes in liver function may have a significant correlation with the severity and prognosis of COVID‐19. Increased index of liver injury was closely related to mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. Therefore, these indicators should be closely monitored during hospitalisation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32697870/ doi: 10.1111/apt.15962 id: cord-286799-q9p5kg65 author: Huang, Huang title: Prognostic Factors for COVID-19 Pneumonia Progression to Severe Symptoms Based on Earlier Clinical Features: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-10-05 words: 3599.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286799-q9p5kg65.txt summary: The subsequent analysis with single-factor and multivariate logistic regression methods indicated that 17 factors on admission differed significantly between mild and severe groups but that only comorbidity with underlying diseases, increased respiratory rate (>24/min), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP >10 mg/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH >250 U/L) were independently associated with the later disease development. Finally, we evaluated their prognostic values with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and found that the above four factors could not confidently predict the occurrence of severe pneumonia individually, though a combination of fast respiratory rate and elevated LDH significantly increased the predictive confidence (AUC = 0.944, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.902). Finally, we evaluated their prognostic values with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and found that the above four factors could not confidently predict the occurrence of severe pneumonia individually, though a combination of fast respiratory rate and elevated LDH significantly increased the predictive confidence (AUC = 0.944, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.902). abstract: Approximately 15–20% of COVID-19 patients will develop severe pneumonia, and about 10% of these will die if not properly managed. Earlier discrimination of potentially severe patients basing on routine clinical and laboratory changes and commencement of prophylactical management will not only save lives but also mitigate the otherwise overwhelming healthcare burden. In this retrospective investigation, the clinical and laboratory features were collected from 125 COVID-19 patients who were classified into mild (93 cases) or severe (32 cases) groups according to their clinical outcomes after 3–7 days post-admission. The subsequent analysis with single-factor and multivariate logistic regression methods indicated that 17 factors on admission differed significantly between mild and severe groups but that only comorbidity with underlying diseases, increased respiratory rate (>24/min), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP >10 mg/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH >250 U/L) were independently associated with the later disease development. Finally, we evaluated their prognostic values with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and found that the above four factors could not confidently predict the occurrence of severe pneumonia individually, though a combination of fast respiratory rate and elevated LDH significantly increased the predictive confidence (AUC = 0.944, sensitivity = 0.941, and specificity = 0.902). A combination consisting of three or four factors could further increase the prognostic value. Additionally, measurable serum viral RNA post-admission independently predicted the severe illness occurrence. In conclusion, a combination of general clinical characteristics and laboratory tests could provide a highly confident prognostic value for identifying potentially severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123541/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.557453 id: cord-278638-2dm54f6l author: Huang, Ian title: Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-24 words: 3105.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278638-2dm54f6l.txt summary: Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. We used standardized forms that included author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiac comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, lymphocyte count, lymphopenia, mortality, ARDS, ICU care, and severe COVID-19. Random-effects meta-regression analysis showed that the association between lower lymphocyte count in patients with composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034) (Fig. 3a) , but not by gender (p = 0.109), cardiac comorbidity (p = 0.953) (Fig. 3b) , hypertension (p = 0.065) (Fig. 3c) , diabetes mellitus (p = 0.931), COPD (p = 0.798), and smoking (p = 0.581). This meta-analysis showed that lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased mortality, ARDS, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical and laboratory biomarkers to predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are essential in this pandemic situation of which resource allocation must be urgently prepared especially in the context of respiratory support readiness. Lymphocyte count has been a marker of interest since the first COVID-19 publication. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association of lymphocyte count on admission and the severity of COVID-19. We would also like to analyze whether patient characteristics such as age and comorbidities affect the relationship between lymphocyte count and COVID-19. METHODS: Comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed from PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Databases, and Google Scholar. Research articles in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with information on lymphocyte count and several outcomes of interest, including mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) care, and severe COVID-19, were included in the analysis. Inverse variance method was used to obtain mean differences and its standard deviations. Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis regardless of heterogeneity. Restricted-maximum likelihood random-effects meta-regression was performed for age, gender, cardiac comorbidity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and smoking. RESULTS: There were a total of 3099 patients from 24 studies. Meta-analysis showed that patients with poor outcome have a lower lymphocyte count (mean difference − 361.06 μL [− 439.18, − 282.95], p < 0.001; I(2) 84%) compared to those with good outcome. Subgroup analysis showed lower lymphocyte count in patients who died (mean difference − 395.35 μL [− 165.64, − 625.07], p < 0.001; I(2) 87%), experienced ARDS (mean difference − 377.56 μL [− 271.89, − 483.22], p < 0.001; I(2) 0%), received ICU care (mean difference − 376.53 μL [− 682.84, − 70.22], p = 0.02; I(2) 89%), and have severe COVID-19 (mean difference − 353.34 μL [− 250.94, − 455.73], p < 0.001; I(2) 85%). Lymphopenia was associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 3.70 [2.44, 5.63], p < 0.001; I(2) 40%). Meta-regression showed that the association between lymphocyte count and composite poor outcome was affected by age (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that lymphopenia on admission was associated with poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483488/ doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00453-4 id: cord-298881-u6uqroi0 author: Huang, Ian title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() date: 2020-04-17 words: 3160.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298881-u6uqroi0.txt summary: title: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia – A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression() Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Data extraction was performed independently by two authors (IH and RP), we used standardized forms that include author, year, study design, age, gender, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, DM, need for ICU care, and severe COVID-19. This comprehensive meta-analysis of 30 studies showed that DM was associated with poor outcome that comprises of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic conditions with devastating multi-systemic complication and may be associated with severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association between DM and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Systematic literature search was performed from several electronic databases on subjects that assess DM and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, and disease progression. RESULTS: There were a total of 6452 patients from 30 studies. Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p < 0.001; I(2): 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p < 0.001; I(2): 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p < 0.001; I(2): 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p = 0.001; I(2): 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p = 0.04; I(2): 0%). Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcome was influenced by age (p = 0.003) and hypertension (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age ≥55 years-old (RR 1.92) compared to <55 years-old (RR 3.48), and in prevalence of hypertension ≥25% (RR 1.93) compared to <25% (RR 3.06). Subgroup analysis on median age <55 years-old and prevalence of hypertension <25% showed strong association (RR 3.33) CONCLUSION: DM was associated with mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120300837 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 id: cord-334546-izzavogm author: Huang, Ian title: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: a meta-analysis date: 2020-07-02 words: 3581.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334546-izzavogm.txt summary: In the present study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between several biomarkers, including serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and the severity of COVID-19. We included research articles in which samples were adult patients with COVID-19 with data for serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and reported the data based on the presence or absence of clinically validated definitions of mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and intensive care unit (ICU) care. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the association between an elevated CRP, PCT, D-dimer, serum ferritin level, and the composite poor outcome was not significantly affected by gender, age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and COPD (p > 0.05). This meta-analysis showed that elevated serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and serum ferritin levels were associated with an increased composite poor outcome that comprises mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and the need for ICU care in patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients critically ill with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) feature hyperinflammation, and the associated biomarkers may be beneficial for risk stratification. We aimed to investigate the association between several biomarkers, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and COVID-19 severity. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search through electronic databases. The outcome of interest for this study was the composite poor outcome, which comprises mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for care in an intensive care unit, and severe COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 5350 patients were pooled from 25 studies. Elevated CRP was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [risk ratio (RR) 1.84 (1.45, 2.33), p < 0.001; I(2): 96%] and its severe COVID-19 (RR 1.41; I(2): 93%) subgroup. A CRP ⩾10 mg/L has a 51% sensitivity, 88% specificity, likelihood ratio (LR) + of 4.1, LR- of 0.5, and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.84. An elevated PCT was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [RR 3.92 (2.42, 6.35), p < 0.001; I(2): 85%] and its mortality (RR 6.26; I(2): 96%) and severe COVID-19 (RR 3.93; I(2): 63%) subgroups. A PCT ⩾0.5 ng/ml has an 88% sensitivity, 68% specificity, LR+ of 2.7, LR- of 0.2, and an AUC of 0.88. An elevated D-dimer was associated with an increased composite poor outcome [RR 2.93 (2.14, 4.01), p < 0.001; I(2): 77%], including its mortality (RR 4.15; I(2): 83%) and severe COVID-19 (RR 2.42; I(2): 58%) subgroups. A D-dimer >0.5 mg/L has a 58% sensitivity, 69% specificity, LR+ of 1.8, LR- of 0.6, and an AUC of 0.69. Patients with a composite poor outcome had a higher serum ferritin with a standardized mean difference of 0.90 (0.64, 1.15), p < 0.0001; I(2): 76%. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that an elevated serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and ferritin were associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620937175 doi: 10.1177/1753466620937175 id: cord-260697-oepk0b1d author: Huang, J. title: COVID-19 Recurrent Varies with Different Combinatorial Medical Treatments Determined by Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-08-01 words: 5734.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260697-oepk0b1d.txt summary: We applied the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to overcome the rare recurring events in certain age groups and performed Virtual Twins (VT) analysis facilitated by random forest regression for medical treatment-recurrence classification. Here, we report the clinical, radiological, laboratory, and drug treatment findings of 93 recurring patients from 414 patients in Shenzhen, along with our machine learning approaches for identifying the best drug combinations that reduce recurring rates in all population, different age groups and obese patients. The interaction among age, hospitalization delay and drug treatment on SARS-CoV-2 recurring rate is shown in Figure 3 . Interestingly, we found out that the combination of anti-influenza virus drug, oseltamivir, with Interferon/Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Arbidol, has very good outcome (recurring rate of 0.172), supporting the hypothesis of co-infection of influenzas and SARS-CoV-2. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.20164699 doi: medRxiv preprint Supplement Table Table S1 : Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes of Covid-19 patients with and without recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity during hospitalization. abstract: Various medical treatments for COVID-19 are attempted. After patients are discharged, SARS-CoV-2 recurring cases are reported and the recurrence could profoundly impact patient healthcare and social economics. To date, no data on the effects of medical treatments on recurrence has been published. We analyzed the treatment data of combinations of ten different drugs for the recurring cases in a single medical center, Shenzhen, China. A total of 417 patients were considered and 414 of them were included in this study (3 deaths) with mild-to-critical COVID-19. Patients were treated by 10 different drug combinations and followed up for recurrence for 28 days quarantine after being discharged from the medical center between February and May, 2020. We applied the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to overcome the rare recurring events in certain age groups and performed Virtual Twins (VT) analysis facilitated by random forest regression for medical treatment-recurrence classification. Among those drug combinations, Methylprednisolone/Interferon/Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Arbidol led to the lowest recurring rate (0.133) as compared to the average recurring rate (0.203). For the younger group (age 20-27) or the older group (age 60-70), the optimal drug combinations are different, but the above combination is still the second best. For obese patients, the combination of Ribavirin/Interferon/Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Arbidol led to the lowest recurring rate for age group of 20-50, whereas the combination of Interferon/Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Arbidol led to lowest recurring rate for age group of 50-70. The insights into combinatorial therapy we provided here shed lights on the use of a combination of (biological and chemical) anti-virus therapy and/or anti-cytokine storm as a potentially effective therapeutic treatment for COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.20164699v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164699 id: cord-342703-vbq1o25l author: Huang, J. title: Comparing biomarkers for COVID-19 disease with commonly associated preexisting conditions and complications. date: 2020-10-05 words: 4201.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342703-vbq1o25l.txt summary: Using high-sensitivity proximity extension technology, this study examines the blood proteome of COVID-19 patients for protein markers associated with early infection and disease prognosis and compares with known biomarkers of common preexisting conditions and related complications. Differences in protein levels between COVID-19 positive patients and negative controls were analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.02.20205609 doi: medRxiv preprint Differences in log base-two protein levels (NPX) between COVID-19 positive cases (n=305) and negative controls (n=78) were analyzed using a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, preexisting conditions (see Table 1 ), and sample handling. abstract: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with certain preexisting health conditions and can cause respiratory failure along with other multi-organ injuries. However, the mechanism of these relationships is unclear, and prognostic biomarkers for the disease and its systemic complications are lacking. This study aims to examine the plasma protein profile of COVID-19 patients and evaluate overlapping protein modules with biomarkers of common comorbidities. Blood samples were collected from COVID-19 cases (n=307) and negative controls (n=78) among patients with acute respiratory distress. Proteins were measured by proximity extension assay utilizing next-generation sequencing technology. Its associations to COVID-19 disease characteristics were compared to that of preexisting conditions and established biomarkers for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and chronic kidney disease. Several proteins were differentially expressed in COVID-19, including multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma, CXCL10, and CCL7/MCP-3. Elevated IL-6 was associated with increased severity, while baseline IL1RL1/ST2 levels were associated with a worse prognosis. Network analysis identified several protein modules associated with COVID-19 disease characteristics overlapping with processes of preexisting hypertension and impaired kidney function. BNP and NTpro-BNP, markers for MI and stroke, increased with disease progression and were positively associated with severity. MMP12 was similarly elevated and has been previously linked to smoking and inflammation in emphysema, along with increased cardiovascular disease risk. In conclusion, this study provides an overview of the systemic effects of COVID-19 and candidate biomarkers for clinical assessment of disease progression and the risk of systemic complications. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.02.20205609 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20205609 id: cord-324839-6w9kdhod author: Huang, Jianping title: Global prediction system for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-02 words: 1949.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324839-6w9kdhod.txt summary: Therefore, a system for global pandemic prediction is urgently needed to provide important scientific data to the WHO and local governments to help with public decision-making and allocation of medical resources. Many countries also implemented epidemic prevention and control measures during the outbreak, and it is important to consider the role of national interventions in the spread of COVID-19. Currently, however, no studies have considered the influence of meteorological factors and interventions on global COVID-19 prediction models. In this article, we integrated the epidemic prediction model with real global pandemic data and considered the influence of environmental factors (temperature and humidity) as well as the implementation of control measures, to establish our own global prediction system, which is the first of global COVID-19 prediction system. Our prediction system is a modified epidemiological susceptible-infectiousrecovery (SIR) model [6, 11] that incorporates real global pandemic data, meteorological factors, and quantified quarantine measures [9] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.002 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.002 id: cord-335038-q32ghvsv author: Huang, Jiao title: Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-17 words: 3171.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335038-q32ghvsv.txt summary: title: Epidemiological, virological and serological features of COVID-19 cases in people living with HIV in Wuhan City: A population-based cohort study METHODS: This population-based cohort study identified all COVID-19 cases among the whole PLWH in Wuhan city, China, by April 16, 2020. Previous studies have found that PLWH with low CD4 cell count, high HIV viral load and not taking antiretroviral treatment have an increased risk of other respiratory infections [9] . This indicates that COVID-19 cases in PLWH may have delayed viral clearance for SARS-CoV-2 because of immunosuppression, although clinical improvement of COVID-19 in PLWH was not worse than that of individuals without HIV infection as described in the present study and other published studies [25, 32] . CD4 cell count and the risk of AIDS or death in HIV-Infected adults on combination antiretroviral therapy with a suppressed viral load: a longitudinal cohort study from COHERE abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the epidemiological, virological and serological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: This population-based cohort study identified all COVID-19 cases among the whole PLWH in Wuhan city, China, by April 16, 2020. The epidemiological, virological and serological features were analyzed based on the demographic data, temporal profile of nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 during the disease, and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG after recovery. RESULTS: From January 1 to April 16, 2020, 35 of 6001 PLWH have experienced COVID-19, with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 to be 0.58% (95%CI: 0.42%-0.81%). Among the COVID-19 cases, 15 (42.86%) had severe illness, with 2 deaths. The incidence, case-severity and case-fatality of COVID-19 in PLWH were comparable to that in the entire population in Wuhan. 197 persons had cART discontinuation, of whom 4 persons experienced COVID-19. Risk factors for COVID-19 were age ≥50 years old and cART discontinuation. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among confirmed COVID-19 cases in PLWH was 30 (IQR: 20-46) days. Cases with high HIV viral load (≥20 copies/ml) had lower IgM and IgG levels than those with low HIV viral load (<20 copies/ml) (median S/CO for IgM, 0.03 vs. 0.11, P<0.001; median S/CO for IgG, 10.16 vs. 17.04, P=0.069). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts need to maintain the persistent supply of antiretroviral treatment to elderly PLWH aged 50 years or above during the COVID-19 epidemic. The coinfection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 might change the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in PLWH. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803216/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1186 id: cord-273689-gvzvvrfx author: Huang, Jiaofeng title: Hypoalbuminemia predicts the outcome of COVID‐19 independent of age and co‐morbidity date: 2020-05-25 words: 1695.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273689-gvzvvrfx.txt summary: We hypothesized that serum albumin levels at admission might reflect the severity of systemic inflammation and thus can serve as a predictive factor for COVID-19 outcomes. To address this question, we performed a retrospective study to compare the outcome in patients with or without hypoalbuminemia and to explore the impact of albumin in the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, a significant correlation was found between albumin level and inflammatory indicators (CRP, WBC, and NLR). Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with Covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a systemic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of Non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved into a pandemic rapidly. Most of the literature show that the elevated liver enzymes in COVID‐19 are of little clinical significance. Lower albumin level is seen in severe COVID‐19 and is not parallel to the changes in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. We aimed to explore the impact of hypoalbuminemia in COVID‐19. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with confirmed COVID‐19. The relationship between hypoalbuminemia and death was studied using binary logistic analysis. A total of 299 adult patients were included, 160 (53.5%) were males and the average age was 53.4 ± 16.7 years. The median time from the onset of illness to admission was 3 days (interquartile ranges, 2‐5). Approximately one‐third of the patients had comorbidities. Hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L) was found in 106 (35.5%) patients. The difference in albumin was considerable between survivors and non‐survivors (37.6 ± 6.2 vs 30.5 ± 4.0, P < .001). Serum albumin level was inversely correlated to white blood cell (r = –.149, P = .01) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (r = −.298, P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of comorbidities (OR, 6.816; 95% CI, 1.361‐34.133), lymphopenia (OR, 13.130; 95% CI, 1.632‐105.658) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 6.394; 95% CI, 1.315‐31.092) were independent predictive factors for mortality. In conclusion, hypoalbuminemia is associated with the outcome of COVID‐19. The potential therapeutic value of albumin infusion in COVID‐19 should be further explored at the earliest. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26003 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26003 id: cord-284782-51mbq7qb author: Huang, Jing title: Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 words: 314.0 sentences: 21.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284782-51mbq7qb.txt summary: key: cord-284782-51mbq7qb authors: Huang, Jing; Liu, Fangkun; Teng, Ziwei; Chen, Jindong; Zhao, Jingping; Wang, Xiaoping; Wu, Renrong title: Care for the psychological status of frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 cord_uid: 51mbq7qb Besides, a total of 6, 097 medical workers from different provinces in China were in Hubei province to assist in the COVID-19 by Jan 30, 2020 2 . For example, the emergency medical team from the Second Xiangya Hospital is able to set up field hospitals and ambulances to help and serve the With the increasing spreading of the virus worldwide, COVID-19 outbreak is now becoming a pandemic. None of the authors has any potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan''s SARS response abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32246142/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa385 id: cord-314614-rr0zckrv author: Huang, Jing title: Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department date: 2020-08-07 words: 1975.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314614-rr0zckrv.txt summary: title: Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department We used checklists based on our experiences on COVID-19 control and reality of clinical work from February to March in the West China Hospital, involving events of screening patient, chaperonage, and healthcare workers. In order to protect the safety of patients and staffs, and maintain the normal order of hospital, we provided a try for the design, context, and structure of checklists adapted for healthcare workers and vascular surgery department when operating prevention and control work. Improving staff safety with checklists during novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a quasi-experiment study in vascular surgical department. Checklists were designed based on National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China and our institutional policies and we aimed to design an easy-to-use tool that requires little time but provides order, logic, and systematization and increase the level of both workers and patient safety in vascular surgery department during COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan in December 2019, has spread in many countries affected people globally. In response to the economic requirement of the nation and meet the need of patient's, a momentous event was going back to work step by step as fighting against COVID-19. Safety in clinical work is of priority as elective surgery in the department of surgery progressing. We used checklists based on our experiences on COVID-19 control and reality of clinical work from February to March in the West China Hospital, involving events of screening patient, chaperonage, and healthcare workers. Checklist summarized the actual clinical nursing work and management practices, hope to provide a reference for the order of surgery during the epidemic prevention and control, and standardize the clinical nursing work of surgery during pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021548 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021548 id: cord-342771-0p5x5ihh author: Huang, Qianwen title: Targeting inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 words: 2151.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342771-0p5x5ihh.txt summary: Mounting evidence has demonstrated that severely ill COVID-19 patients presented with elevated levels of cytokines and inflammatory indices, such as serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and D-dimer than those with moderate symptoms, suggesting the involvement of a cytokine storm [2] . Current clinical evidence also confirmed the correlation of cytokine storm syndrome and disease severity as well as unfavorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients [3] . Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, were considered as one of the options for COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm [4] based on their inhibition on many inflammatory genes and previous clinical use in other viral diseases. Therefore, drugs targeting at NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β are promising in mitigating NLRP3-inflammasome driven hyper-inflammation, pyroptosis, and cytokine storm syndrome in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Potential therapies of COVID-19 by targeting inflammation and cytokine storm SARS-CoV-2 entries and infects cells by binding to TMPRSS2 and ACE2, subsequently releases virus RNA, one of the PAMPs, and recruits dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661820313591 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105051 id: cord-294810-mq9vjnro author: Huang, Qiong title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China date: 2020-05-14 words: 3439.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294810-mq9vjnro.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. According to the clinical manifestations, the confirmed COVID-19 patients can be divided into mild, common, severe, and critical type groups based on the China National Health Commission Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 6) [7] . The blood test also showed that in general, patients with severe COVID-19 had worse results such as electrolyte and inflammatory biomarker abnormalities than those in patients with the common-type infection. In this study, we reported the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 as well as therapies they received during hospitalization in Hunan province, China. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in Hunan, China. Setting The First Hospital of Changsha, First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, and the Central Hospital of Loudi, Hunan province, China. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center case-series analysis. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at the study centers from January 17 to February 10, 2020, were included. The following data were obtained from electronic medical records: demographics, medical history, exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. Main outcome measure Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatments. Results A total of 54 patients were included (51 had the common-type COVID-19, three had the severe-type), the median age was 41, and 52% of them were men. The median time from the first symptoms to hospital admission was seven days. Among patients with the common-type COVID-19, the median length of stay was nine days, and 21 days among patients with severe COVID-19. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (74.5%), cough (56.9%), and fatigue (43.1%) among patients in the common-type group. Fourteen patients (37.8%) had a reduced WBC count, 23 (62.2%) had reduced eosinophil ratio, and 21 (56.76%) had decreased eosinophil count. The most common patterns on chest-computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (52.2%) and patchy bilateral shadowing (73.9%). Pharmacotherapy included recombinant human interferon α2b, lopinavir/ritonavir, novaferon, antibiotics, systematic corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The outcome of treatment indicated that in patients with the common-type COVID-19, interferon-α2b, but not novaferon, had some benefits, antibiotics treatment was not needed, and corticosteroids should be used cautiously. Conclusion As of February 10, 2020, the symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Hunan province were relatively mild comparing to patients in Wuhan, the epicenter. We observed some treatment benefits with interferon-α2b and corticosteroid therapies but not with novaferon and antibiotic treatment in our study population. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410206/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01031-2 id: cord-285772-4xt4anq5 author: Huang, Rui title: Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study date: 2020-05-08 words: 3379.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285772-4xt4anq5.txt summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan (the outbreak center of the infection) [4, 6, 7] . conducted a retrospective, single-center study which included 99 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and found that the virus was more likely to infect older men with comorbidities, and the mortality rate was as high as 11% [4] . Another single-center study which analyzed 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, found that 26% of patients received ICU care and the mortality rate was only 4.3% [7] . In this multi-center study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and to identify the risk factors of severe illness among inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, which is located in the east of China. abstract: Limited data are available for clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Clinical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected in 8 hospitals from 8 cities of Jiangsu province, China. Clinical findings of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 were analyzed. By Feb 10, 2020, 202 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age of patients was 44.0 years (interquartile range, 33.0–54.0). 55 (27.2%) patients had comorbidities. At the onset of illness, the common symptoms were fever (156 [77.2%]) and cough (120 [59.4%]). 66 (32.7%) patients had lymphopenia. 193 (95.5%) patients had abnormal radiological findings. 11 (5.4%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and none of the patients died. 23 (11.4%) patients had severe illness. Severe illness of COVID-19 was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.731 to 31.126; P<0.001) and a known history of type 2 diabetes (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 1.059 to 17.668; P = 0.041). In this case series in Jiangsu Province, COVID-19 patients had less severe symptoms and had better outcomes than the initial COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. The BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2) and a known history of type 2 diabetes were independent risk factors of severe illness in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32384078/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280 id: cord-352998-02pc3z8n author: Huang, Shanshan title: COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy date: 2020-08-06 words: 3975.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352998-02pc3z8n.txt summary: Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey-based, cross-sectional study, in which we aimed to assess the clinical status of PWE in Wuhan and its surrounding cities during the COVID-19 outbreak, and more importantly, to explore the effect of the viral epidemic on seizure incidence. • A small proportion of patients with epilepsy experienced seizure exacerbation during the outbreak of COVID-19 • Seizure exacerbation is associated with exposure history to COVID-19, worry about a negative effect of COVID-19 on seizure-related issues, inappropriate change of AED treatment, and uncontrolled seizures, including unsuccessful AED treatment, as well as frequent seizures • Stress is an independent precipitant for triggering seizures in some patients with epilepsy and the rating scales Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stress is a known trigger for seizures in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, the association between stress and seizures has not been thoroughly investigated. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, causing tremendous collateral stress. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of the COVID‐19 outbreak on seizures in PWE in the most severely affected area, Wuhan, and its surrounding cities. METHODS: In this single‐center, cross‐sectional study, PWE were surveyed via online questionnaires between February 23 and March 5, 2020. Collected data included demographic information, epilepsy‐related characteristics (seizure type, frequency, antiepileptic drugs [AEDs], and medication management), direct and perceived threat of COVID‐19, and changes in seizures during the outbreak. Psychological comorbidities were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire–9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 items, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify precipitants for seizure exacerbation. RESULTS: We received 362 completed questionnaires after excluding 12 duplicates (response rate = 63.51%). A total of 31 (8.56%) patients had increased seizures during the outbreak. Exposure history to COVID‐19 (P = .001), uncontrolled seizure after AED therapy (P = .020), seizure frequency of two or more times per month before the outbreak (P = .005), change of AED regimen during the outbreak (AED reduction, withdrawal, replacement, skipping altogether; P = .002), and worry about the adverse effect of the outbreak on overall seizure‐related issues (severity = moderate to critical; P = .038) were risk factors for increased seizures. SIGNIFICANCE: A minority of PWE experienced seizure exacerbation during the outbreak of COVID‐19. Stress, uncontrolled seizures, and inappropriate change in AED regimen were associated with increased seizures. Based on these findings, stress might be an independent precipitant for triggering seizures in some PWE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761900/ doi: 10.1111/epi.16635 id: cord-309133-0jh84w6f author: Huang, Shiu-Feng title: Rapid establishment of a COVID-19 biobank in NHRI by National Biobank Consortium of Taiwan date: 2020-05-29 words: 1976.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309133-0jh84w6f.txt summary: By the request of the Minister of Health and Welfare, NHRI Biobank was assigned to establish a COVID-19 biobank in early Feb, 2020 to collect COVID-19 patients'' blood samples for Taiwan researchers and industries in an emergent way. By the request of the Minister of Health and Welfare, NHRI Biobank was assigned to establish a COVID-19 biobank in early Feb, 2020 to collect COVID-19 patients'' blood samples for Taiwan researchers and industries in an emergent way. This biobank can provide applicants with biosamples, such as serum, DNA and RNA, and also the clinical and genomic data, so as to accelerate the COVID-19 treatment and prevention research in Taiwan. This biobank can provide applicants with biosamples, such as serum, DNA and RNA, and also the clinical and genomic data, so as to accelerate the COVID-19 treatment and prevention research in Taiwan. abstract: By the request of the Minister of Health and Welfare, NHRI Biobank was assigned to establish a COVID-19 biobank in early Feb, 2020 to collect COVID-19 patients' blood samples for Taiwan researchers and industries in an emergent way. It was set up in less than 3 weeks and quickly opened for application. This biobank can provide applicants with biosamples, such as serum, DNA and RNA, and also the clinical and genomic data, so as to accelerate the COVID-19 treatment and prevention research in Taiwan. This COID-19 biobank already received 7 applications. It has become a very important research resource for the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, including disease mechanism, the variable human responses and epidemic preventions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2319417020300809 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.018 id: cord-184685-ho72q46e author: Huang, Tongtong title: Population stratification enables modeling effects of reopening policies on mortality and hospitalization rates date: 2020-08-10 words: 4849.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-184685-ho72q46e.txt summary: We present the development of a forecasting model using local fine-grained hospital-level data to track the changes in hospitalization and mortality rates owing to reopening orders in the greater Houston area encompassing nine counties in the state of Texas, USA. We demonstrated our new approach using a policy-aware risk-Stratified Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered Hospitalization-Critical-Dead (SSIR-HCD) model, which compared favorably to existing methods (including our neural network latent space modeling, a nonlinear extension of SIR-HCD). • Epidemiology based dynamic models based on grouping populations into a discrete set of compartments (i.e., states), and defining ordinary differential equations (ODE) rate equations describing the movement of people between compartments: SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered) models and their myriad variants are examples in this category. Our SSIR-HCD model forecasts fine-grained COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality by accounting for the impact of local policies. abstract: Objective: We study the influence of local reopening policies on the composition of the infectious population and their impact on future hospitalization and mortality rates. Materials and Methods: We collected datasets of daily reported hospitalization and cumulative morality of COVID 19 in Houston, Texas, from May 1, 2020 until June 29, 2020. These datasets are from multiple sources (USA FACTS, Southeast Texas Regional Advisory Council COVID 19 report, TMC daily news, and New York Times county level mortality reporting). Our model, risk stratified SIR HCD uses separate variables to model the dynamics of local contact (e.g., work from home) and high contact (e.g., work on site) subpopulations while sharing parameters to control their respective $R_0(t)$ over time. Results: We evaluated our models forecasting performance in Harris County, TX (the most populated county in the Greater Houston area) during the Phase I and Phase II reopening. Not only did our model outperform other competing models, it also supports counterfactual analysis to simulate the impact of future policies in a local setting, which is unique among existing approaches. Discussion: Local mortality and hospitalization are significantly impacted by quarantine and reopening policies. No existing model has directly accounted for the effect of these policies on local trends in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in an explicit and explainable manner. Our work is an attempt to close this important technical gap to support decision making. Conclusion: Despite several limitations, we think it is a timely effort to rethink about how to best model the dynamics of pandemics under the influence of reopening policies. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.05909v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-270828-h9tgkboe author: Huang, V. S. title: Social distancing across vulnerability, race, politics, and employment: How different Americans changed behaviors before and after major COVID-19 policy announcements date: 2020-06-08 words: 8769.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270828-h9tgkboe.txt summary: To investigate social distancing''s sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). For each population grouping listed above, we analyzed three key events: (1) the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020, (2) the release of President Trump''s national guidelines for reopening ("Opening Up America Again"abbreviated OUAA) on April 16th, and (3) the time period (including effective date) of states'' first relaxation of social distancing . abstract: Background: As states reopen in May 2020, the United States is still trying to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. To appropriately design policies and anticipate behavioral change, it is important to understand how different Americans' social distancing behavior shifts in relation to policy announcements according to individual characteristics, and community vulnerability. Methods: This cross-sectional study used Unacast's social distancing data from February 24th - May 10th, 2020 to study how social distancing changed before and after: 1) The World Health Organization's declaration of a global pandemic, 2) White House announcement of "Opening Up America Again" (OUAA) guidelines, and 3) the week of April 27 when several states reopened. To measure intention to social distance, we assessed the difference between weekday and weekend behavior as more individuals have more control over weekend leisure time. To investigate social distancing's sensitivity to different population characteristics, we compared social distancing time-series data across county vulnerability as measured by the COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) which defines vulnerability across socioeconomic, household composition, minority status, epidemiological, and healthcare-system related factors. We also compared social distancing across population groupings by race, 2016 presidential election voting choice, and employment sectors. Results: Movement reduced significantly throughout March reaching peak reduction on April 12th (-56.1%) prior the enactment of any reopening policies. Shifts in social distancing began after major announcements but prior to specific applied policies: Following the WHO declaration, national social distancing significantly increased on weekdays and weekends (-18.6% and -41.3% decline in mobility, respectively). Social distancing significantly declined on weekdays and weekends after OUAA guidelines (i.e. before state reopening) (+1.1% and +5.3% increase in mobility, respectively) with additional significant decline after state reopening (+10.0% and +20.9% increase in mobility, respectively). Social distancing was significantly greater on weekends than weekdays throughout March, however, the trend reversed by early May with significantly less social distancing on weekends, suggesting a shift in intent to social distance during leisure time. In general, vulnerable counties social distanced less than non-vulnerable counties, and had a greater difference between weekday and weekend behavior until state reopening. This may be driven by structural barriers that vulnerable communities face, such as higher rates of employment in particular sectors. At all time periods studied, the average black individual in the US social distanced significantly more than the average white individual, and the average 2016 Clinton voter social distanced significantly more than the average 2016 Trump voter. Social distancing behavior differed across industries with three clusters of employment sectors. Conclusion: Both signaling of a policy change and implementation of a policy are important factors that seem to influence social distancing. Behaviors shifted with national announcements prior to mandates, though social distancing further declined nationwide as the first states reopened. The variation in behavioral drivers including vulnerability, race, political affiliation, and employment industry demonstrates the need for targeted policy messaging and interventions tailored to address specific barriers for improved social distancing and mitigation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20119131 id: cord-350660-12ienbdx author: Huang, Wei title: Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID‐19 Patients: A Meta‐Analysis date: 2020-06-15 words: 2267.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350660-12ienbdx.txt summary: 4, 5 To obtain a clearer picture of this emerging data, we performed a meta-analysis of studies that included measurement of lymphocyte subset counts and disease severity in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] These publications compared the results of peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts in patients with mild/moderate disease to those with severe/critical disease hospitalized in China with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. The 20 publications selected for meta-analysis included a total of 3017 subjects with CD4+ cell counts where 2311 were classified as "Mild/Moderate" (76.6%) and 706 were classified as "Severe/Critical" reported. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the Mild/Moderate and Severe/Critical groups for total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, CD19+ B cell and CD16+CD56+ NK cell counts. abstract: A reduced peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count with an elevated neutrophil count has been a consistent observation in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. In this brief meta‐analysis, the reduction of lymphocyte subset counts in COVID‐19 patients was investigated across 20 peer‐reviewed studies meeting criteria for reporting lymphocyte subset counts and COVID‐19 disease severity. CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, B cell, NK cell and total lymphocyte cell counts all showed statistically significant reduction in patients with severe/critical COVID‐19 disease compared to mild/moderate disease. T cell subsets showed the largest standardized magnitude of change. In some studies, multivariate analysis has shown that CD4 and/or CD8 T cells counts are independently predictive of patient outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24172 doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24172 id: cord-351238-epw9w7xx author: Huang, Xing title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-17 words: 918.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351238-epw9w7xx.txt summary: In the article, Patel et al 3 cited the co-occurrence of 14 COVID-19 infected medical workers and a COVID-19 affected patient with pituitary adenoma who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in our department, and stated the safety issue about the transsphenoidal surgery in this emerging COVID-19 situation. Among the infected medical workers, 10 nurses and 4 neurosurgeons were diagnosed and only 4 nurses contacted the COVID-19 patient directly. The second problem is that the authors 3 believed that all the medical workers who participated in the surgery were infected, especially from the experience of the second case that the author cited, for which we have no exact information in Wuhan neurosurgery medical system. However, according to our retrospective survey on our case, none of medical staff who participated in surgery were diagnosed with COVID-19 until March 31, 2020. More importantly, the medical workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in our department later were the staff who were outside the operation room. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302398/ doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa145 id: cord-277347-5innqoip author: Huang, Y. title: A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 words: 2948.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277347-5innqoip.txt summary: title: A cohort study of 223 patients explores the clinical risk factors for the severity diagnosis of COVID-19 METHODS: In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome data were collected and analyzed from 223 COVID-19 patients stratified into 125 non-severe patients and 98 severe patients. For the diagnosis markers, we found that the levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in severe group compared with the non-severe group on admission (D-Dimer: 87.3% vs. The laboratory findings on admission were shown in Table 1 Table 2 is the summary of case studies (4, 5, 9, 10) examining the association between clinical characters and COVID-19 in the meta-analysis, dividing into two subtypes: severe and non-severe patients. Figure shows the association between elevated risk factors and severity of COVID-19 in the meta-analysis: CRP (A), LDH (B), PCT(C) and D-dimer (D). abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a public emergency and a worldwide pandemic. The clinical symptoms of severe and non-severe patients vary, and the case-fatality rate (CFR) in severe COVID-19 patients is very high. However, the information on the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 and of their prognostic potential is limited. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome data were collected and analyzed from 223 COVID-19 patients stratified into 125 non-severe patients and 98 severe patients. In addition, a pooled large-scale meta-analysis of 1646 cases was performed. RESULTS: We found that the age, gender and comorbidities are the common risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19. For the diagnosis markers, we found that the levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in severe group compared with the non-severe group on admission (D-Dimer: 87.3% vs. 35.3%, P<0.001; CRP, 65.1% vs. 13.5%, P<0.001; LDH: 83.9% vs. 22.2%, P<0.001; PCT: 35.1% vs. 2.2%, P<0.001), while the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASP) and creatinine kinase (CK) were only mildly increased. We also made a large scale meta-analysis of 1646 cases combined with 4 related literatures, and further confirmed the relationship between the COVID-19 severity and these risk factors. Moreover, we tracked dynamic changes during the process of COVID-19, and found CRP, D-dimer, LDH, PCT kept in high levels in severe patient. Among all these markers, D-dimer increased remarkably in severe patients and mostly related with the case-fatality rate (CFR). We found adjuvant antithrombotic treatment in some severe patients achieved good therapeutic effect in the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis markers CRP, D-dimer, LDH and PCT are associated with severity of COVID-19. Among these markers, D-dimer is sensitive for both severity and CFR of COVID-19. Treatment with heparin or other anticoagulants may be beneficial for COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.20070656 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070656 id: cord-279631-1hlrx7o4 author: Huang, Yan‐Mei title: CHINA''S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS date: 2020-04-08 words: 1530.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279631-1hlrx7o4.txt summary: A 103-year-old woman who had a confirmed positive DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16462 nucleic acid test result for COVID-19 on March 1 was admitted to the Li-Yuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 5 Considering her critically ill condition, she and her 55-year-old daughter, who also had the virus, were transferred to an intensive care unit in a makeshift hospital on the evening of February 13; they were discharged on March 1. However, in view of the public health consequences of COVID-19, nursing homes now refer all patients with fever and respiratory symptoms to acute hospitals to rule out the virus. All nursing home patients admitted to our institution with acute respiratory infections are isolated in negative pressure rooms and tested once for COVID-19 if the clinical suspicion is low. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan 98-year-old COVID-19 patient discharged from hospital abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32266960/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16462 id: cord-310117-19qsszns author: Huang, Yao title: Clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-16 words: 3703.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310117-19qsszns.txt summary: 2 7-9 We retrieved 2804 inpatients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in two campuses of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (hereinafter referred to as Wuhan Tongji Hospital) and reported the epidemiological and clinical data of 17 inpatients suffering from systemic autoimmune diseases (AIDs), providing more information on this population and relevant therapies. We reviewed 2804 electronic clinical records at two campuses of Wuhan Tongji Hospital and extracted demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, comorbidities, clinical symptoms or signs on admission, chest CT findings, laboratory results on admission, therapies that were prescribed for COVID-19 as well as AIDs, and clinical outcomes for all 17 inpatients with systemic AIDs. All radiological assessments and laboratory testing were performed for the clinical care needs of the patients. This is a descriptive study on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 17 patients with COVID-19 and systemic AIDs, and an extended report on the epidemiology of 1255 inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Tongji Hospital. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Increasing data about COVID-19 have been acquired from the general population. We aim to further evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (AIDs). METHODS: We included all confirmed inpatients with COVID-19 and systemic AIDs in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from 29 January to 8 March 2020. We retrospectively collected and analysed information on epidemiology of 1255 inpatients and additional clinical characteristics of patients with systemic AIDs. Outcomes were followed up until 16 April 2020. RESULTS: Of the 1255 patients with COVID-19, the median age was 64.0 years and 53.1% were male. More than half (63.0%) had chronic comorbidities. The proportions of elderly, male and patients with comorbidities were significantly higher in intensive care unit (ICU) than in the general ward (p<0.001). 17 (0.61%) patients with systemic AIDs were further screened and analysed from 2804 inpatients. The median age was 64.0 years and 82.4% were female. All patients were living in Wuhan and two family clusters were found. 1 (5.9%) patient was admitted to ICU and one died. 10 (62.5%) of 16 patients changed or stopped their anti-AIDs treatments during hospitalisation, and 5 of them felt that the disease had worsened after the quarantine. CONCLUSIONS: Older males with chronic comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe COVID-19. The lower proportion of COVID-19 in patients with systemic AIDs needs more high-quality human clinical trials and in-depth mechanism researches. Of note, the withdrawal of anti-AIDs treatments during hospitalisation can lead to flares of diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217425 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217425 id: cord-258991-mrs5j2ep author: Huang, Yeen title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-04-12 words: 3069.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258991-mrs5j2ep.txt summary: title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Therefore, using a web-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. All subjects reported their demographic data, COVID-19 related information, and completed three standardized questionnaires which assessed their generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Our web-based study shows a high prevalence of GAD and poor sleep quality in the Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: China has been severely affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) since December, 2019. We aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during the outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Young people reported a significantly higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people. Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Our study identified a major mental health burden of the public during the COVID-19 outbreak. Young people, people spending too much time thinking about the outbreak, and healthcare workers were at high risk of mental illness. Continuous surveillance of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 id: cord-303799-9hh17k86 author: Huang, Ying title: Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-29 words: 2800.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303799-9hh17k86.txt summary: Methods For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. In this single-centered study, we retrospectively analysed specific clinical information of 36 non-survivors infected with SARS-CoV-2. For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. Previous studies have shown that elder patients and males who were confirmed with coronavirus infection are at higher risk of ARDS, 10 All rights reserved. As reported in previous studies, patients who are male, elder or have a history of cerebrovascular disease are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection 2,14,15 . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: Background Although the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused over 2200 deaths in China, there was no study about death yet. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of non-survivors with COVID-19. Methods For this retrospective, single-center study, we included 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR between Jan 21 and Feb 10, 2020 according to the recommended protocol. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes were followed up until Feb 14, 2020. This study was approved by the ethics commissions of the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, with a waiver of informed consent due to a public health outbreak investigation. Results We included 36 patients who died from COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 69.22 years (SD 9.64, range 50-90). 25(69.44%) patients were males, and 11 (30.56%) female. 26 (72.22%) patients had chronic diseases, mainly including hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Patients had common clinical symptoms of fever (34 [94.44%] patients), cough (28 [77.78%] patients), shortness of breath (21 [58.33%] patients), and fatigue (17 [47.22%] patient). Chest computed tomographic scans showed that 31 (96.88%) patients had bilateral pneumonia. Lymphopenia occurred in 24 patients (70.59%), decreased albumin (30.18, [SD, 4.76]) in 25 patients (80.65%), elevated D-dimer (8.64 [IQR, 2.39-20]) in 27 patients (100%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (502.5 U/L [IQR, 410-629]) in 26 patients (100%). Nearly all of the patients have elevated CRP (106.3 mg/L [IQR, 60.83-225.3]), PCT (0.61 ng/ml [IQR, 0.16-2.10]) and IL-6 (100.6 pg/ml [IQR, 51.51-919.5]). Most patients received antiviral therapy and antibiotic therapy, and more than half of patients received glucocorticoid therapy (25 [69.44%]). All the patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The median time from onset to ARDS was 11 days. One (2.78%) patient presented with acute renal injury. The median time from onset to death was 17 days. Interpretation Lots of patients died from COVID-19 till now. The median survival time of these non-survivors from onset to death was about 2 weeks. Most patients were older males with comorbidities. They finally progressed to ARDS. The median time from onset to ARDS was 11 days. Gradually decreased lymphocytes and increased inflammation biomarkers were common, and need to be monitored in the routine treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009 id: cord-347277-8bmcd22v author: Huang, Ying hui title: The respiratory sound features of COVID-19 patients fill gaps between clinical data and screening methods date: 2020-04-10 words: 3802.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347277-8bmcd22v.txt summary: Conclusions: This study describes respiratory sounds of patients with COVID-19, which fills up for the lack of clinical data and provides a simple screening method for suspected patients. This study intends to leverage a remote electronic stethoscope to collect the lung auscultation characteristics of COVID-19 patients, which makes up the lack of existing COVID-19 clinical data. Based on the above method, 1 of the 8 patients was diagnosed with abnormal breath sounds by 6 physicians at the same time. The diagnosis results of respiratory sounds in the asymptomatic patients included cackles, asymmetric vocal resonance, and abnormal vesicular breath sounds with murmurs. The feature of waveform and time-frequency graph (Figure 2 .B-C) are consistent with previous description concerning cackles features: duration <100ms, and the main frequency range is about 200-600Hz. The respiratory sounds of 10 patients with COVID-19 infection were recorded and analyzed by electronic stethoscope in this research. abstract: Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has continuous outbreaks around the world. Lung is the main organ that be involved. There is a lack of clinical data on the respiratory sounds of COVID-19 infected pneumonia, which includes invaluable information concerning physiology and pathology. The medical resources are insufficient, which are now mainly supplied for the severe patients. The development of a convenient and effective screening method for mild or asymptomatic suspicious patients is highly demanded. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. 10 patients with positive results of nucleic acid were enrolled in this study. Lung auscultation was performed by the same physician on admission using a hand-held portable electronic stethoscope delivered in real time via Bluetooth. The recorded audio was exported, and was analyzed by six physicians. Each physician individually described the abnormal breathing sounds that he heard. The results were analyzed in combination with clinical data. Signal analysis was used to quantitatively describe the most common abnormal respiratory sounds. Results: All patients were found abnormal breath sounds at least by 3 physicians, and one patient by all physicians. Cackles, asymmetrical vocal resonance and indistinguishable murmurs are the most common abnormal breath sounds. One asymptomatic patient was found vocal resonance, and the result was correspondence with radiographic computed tomography. Signal analysis verified the credibility of the above abnormal breath sounds. Conclusions: This study describes respiratory sounds of patients with COVID-19, which fills up for the lack of clinical data and provides a simple screening method for suspected patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.20051060 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.07.20051060 id: cord-274702-x032pcwx author: Huang, Yu-Xi title: The database-based strategy may overstate the potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-23 words: 842.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274702-x032pcwx.txt summary: Besides literature surveys and chemical methods, the natural product and traditional medicine databases seem to be a popular or efficient tool in the mechanistic investigation of TCM on Table 1 , each of them is flooded with massive information including TCM formulas, herbs, ingredients, targets, diseases, and the details under the corresponding items. Compared with Chinese patent medicines, these TCM formulas/decoctions consist of several or even dozens of herbs without corresponding quality criteria, which may pose a challenge to their quality control and database-based mechanistic investigations. In Chinese clinic, the combination of Chinese and Western medicines is still the mainstream for the treatment of COVID-19, so elucidating the exact role of these TCMs is in urgent demand and the database-based strategy will facilitate the mechanistic investigations of these clinically effective TCMs on COVID-19 to some extent. Databases for Facilitating Mechanistic Investigations of Traditional Chinese Medicines Against COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32590099/ doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105046 id: cord-288568-fjdjuksm author: Huang, Yuanyuan title: Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-28 words: 4690.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt summary: Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At present, several studies have reported the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other psychological states in the general population during the epidemic (1, 6-8, 10-12). Therefore, we investigated the public''s mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic and aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia in a Chinese population; (2) examine the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; and (3) provide a theoretical basis for intervention measures provided by psychologists and the government. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Anxiety has been a common mental state during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is usually closely related to somatization. However, no study on somatization in anxiety and its relationship with insomnia has been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A total of 1,172 respondents were recruited from 125 cities in mainland China by an online questionnaire survey. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS: The percentages of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia were 33.02%, 7.59%, and 24.66%, respectively. The prevalence of somatization was 19.38% in participants with anxiety. Compared to the anxiety without somatization group, the anxiety with somatization group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with a history of physical disease and insomnia, as well as higher GAD-7 scores and SCL-90 somatization subscores (all p < 0.001). The SCL-90 somatization subscores were positively correlated with age, history of physical disease, GAD-7 scores, and ISI scores (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression showed that GAD-7 score, ISI score, and age were risk factors for somatization in the anxious population. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic and psychological symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia are closely related, and improving anxiety and sleep quality may help relieve somatic symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33005165/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568329 id: cord-303860-jpy373ph author: Huang, Zhifeng title: Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Burns Treatment During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol date: 2020-04-23 words: 3084.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303860-jpy373ph.txt summary: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the early stages of emergency treatment for patients with extensive burns requiring the establishment of venous access for rehydration, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, wound treatment, and surgery are the risk points for exposure to infection. Globally, nearly 1.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have now been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) , and more than 92,000 deaths [3] .After initial virus-typing tests, the WHO officially named the new coronavirus causing the Wuhan pneumonia epidemic the "2019 new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)" on 12 January 2020. To risk points of infection exposure during burn treatment according to the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, we obtained patient data, including the sex, age, diagnosis, admission time, operation time, endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy operation, central vein puncture operation, anesthesia mode, etc., from the medical records department of the hospital. abstract: Epidemic prevention and control measures for the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has achieved significant results. As of 8 April 2020, 22,073 infection cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers from 52 countries had been reported to WHO. COVID-19 has strong infectivity, high transmission speeds, and causes serious infection among healthcare worker. Burns are an acute-care condition, and burn treatment needs to be initiated before COVID-19 infection status can be excluded. The key step to infection prevention is to identify risk points of infection exposure, strengthen the protection against those risk points, and formulate an appropriate diagnosis and treatment protocol. Following an in-depth study of the latest literature on COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, we reviewed the protocols surrounding hospitalization of patients with extensive burns (area≥50%) in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2019 and, in accordance with the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, developed an algorithm for protection during diagnosis and treatment of burns. Therefore, the aspects of medical protection and the diagnosis and treatment of burns appear to be particularly important during the prevention and control of the COVID-19. This algorithm was followed for 4 patients who received emergency treatment in February 2020 and were hospitalized. All healthcare worker were protected according to the three-tiered protective measures, and there was no nosocomial infection. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the early stages of emergency treatment for patients with extensive burns requiring the establishment of venous access for rehydration, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, wound treatment, and surgery are the risk points for exposure to infection. The implementation of effective, appropriate-grade protection and formulation of practical treatment protocols can increase protection of healthcare worke and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0753332220303681 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110176 id: cord-351662-rmkcb6o3 author: Huang, Zhifeng title: Characteristics and roles of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies in patients with different severities of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-24 words: 2855.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351662-rmkcb6o3.txt summary: We aimed to quantify the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies, identify changes in them based on COVID‐19 severity, and establish the significance of combined antibody detection. The rise times for specific IgM and IgG levels are different, and combined detection could be more advantageous in the diagnosis of COVID-19 [5] . In this study, SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG levels were measured in patients with varying severities of COVID-19, the relationship between specific antibody levels and disease severity was classified, and the significance of combined antibody detection was clarified, providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. We also found that while IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in the severe & critical patients than in moderate patients, there was no difference in IgM between the two groups. Levels of IgA and IgG were higher in severe & critical COVID-19 patients than in moderate COVID-19 patients, while IgM levels were no different between the two groups. abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of COVID‐19 relies mainly on viral nucleic acid detection, but false negatives can lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody detection is convenient, safe, and highly sensitive. IgM and IgG are commonly used to serologically diagnose COVID‐19; however, the role of IgA is not well known. We aimed to quantify the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies, identify changes in them based on COVID‐19 severity, and establish the significance of combined antibody detection. METHODS: COVID‐19 patients, divided into a severe & critical group and a moderate group, and non‐COVID‐19 patients with respiratory disease were included in this study. A chemiluminescence method was used to detect the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgM, IgA, and IgG in the blood samples from the three groups. Epidemiological characteristics, symptoms, blood test results, and other data were recorded for all patients. RESULTS: Compared to the traditional IgM–IgG combined antibodies, IgA–IgG combined antibodies are better for diagnosing COVID‐19. During the disease process, IgA appeared first and disappeared last. All three antibodies had significantly higher levels in COVID‐19 patients than in non‐COVID‐19 patients. IgA and IgG were also higher for severe & critical disease than for moderate disease. All antibodies were at or near low levels at the time of tracheal extubation in critical patients. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific combined IgA–IgG antibodies is advantageous in diagnosing COVID‐19. IgA detection is suitable during early and late stages of the disease. IgA and IgG levels correspond to disease severity. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13500 doi: 10.1111/cei.13500 id: cord-318817-95tw84z8 author: Hubner, C. v. K. title: Distress among Brazilian university students due to the Covid-19 pandemic: survey results and reflections date: 2020-06-20 words: 2073.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318817-95tw84z8.txt summary: The main objective of the study was based on the application of CPDI, in order to identify the health and well-being of Brazilian students from different undergraduate courses at the Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo (PUC/SP) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to test the hypothesis that medical students suffer more than students from other courses. The word distress represents an act or effect of suffering, physical pain, anguish, affliction, bitterness, patience and resignation 16 The main objective of the study was based on the application of the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index, in order to identify the health and well-being of Brazilian students from different undergraduate courses at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC/SP) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to test the hypothesis that medical students suffer more than students from other courses. abstract: The first case of infection with the new coronavirus was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined the disease epidemic as a pandemic. Thus, a quarantine was imposed by many governments. As a consequence, and given that epidemiological outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as Covid-19, are associated with psychological disorders and symptoms of mental illness, researchers at the Shanghai Mental Health Center have created the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), in which the results are obtained: normal, mild/moderate distress and severe distress. The main objective of the study was based on the application of CPDI, in order to identify the health and well-being of Brazilian students from different undergraduate courses at the Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo (PUC/SP) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to test the hypothesis that medical students suffer more than students from other courses. The research is based on a cross-sectional observational study, in which we applied, using Google FormsR, the questions contained in CPDI, among with demographic data: age, sex, educational institution, undergraduate course and school year. The Index was applied online for seven days in which a total of 654 valid responses were obtained: 501 (76.6%) female and 149 (22.8%) male. Regarding age, 333 students (50.91%) were 17-20 years old, 279 (42.66%) between 21-25, 30 (4.59%) between 26-30 and 12 (1.84%) between 31-50. The results indicate that the participants reported significant psychological distress, according to the CPDI score. Practically 90% (87.92%) of the students experienced suffering, while only 12.08% did not suffer. The study provides the first empirical evidence on the level of psychological distress in Brazilian university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, it suggests support and monitoring of university students during and after the pandemic, with effective and efficient intervention in their mental health. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.19.20135251v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135251 id: cord-336438-mlgxiyur author: Huda, Farhanul title: Covid-19 and surgery: Challenging issues in the face of new normal – A narrative review date: 2020-10-23 words: 4928.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336438-mlgxiyur.txt summary: This review aims to outline the current perspectives of surgery in the COVID 19 pandemic associated with the pitfalls in implementing the emerging guidelines to continue patient care without compromising the safety, both from surgeons'' and patients'' points of view. The fight between the surgeon and the pandemic will be a dragging one since the post-pandemic efflux of the surgical patients coupled with the ''new normal'' practices to prevent COVID 19 spread requires pertinent resources, well-trained personnel, and co-operation among different departments. The global impact of the COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the healthcare system worldwide to provide quality care while restricting transmission to non-COVID 19 patients and health care workers (HCW). Since surgery exposes the healthcare team to blood and body fluids of infected patients, surgical specialties have been struggling all this while trying to strike a balance between the evolving guidelines of sick patient management who need surgical care and protecting themselves and their HCW from undue exposure. abstract: This review aims to outline the current perspectives of surgery in the COVID 19 pandemic associated with the pitfalls in implementing the emerging guidelines to continue patient care without compromising the safety, both from surgeons' and patients' points of view. The fight between the surgeon and the pandemic will be a dragging one since the post-pandemic efflux of the surgical patients coupled with the ‘new normal’ practices to prevent COVID 19 spread requires pertinent resources, well-trained personnel, and co-operation among different departments. Emergency surgeries and cancer care have continued all this while, undoubtedly, with unwanted delays and distress. While we continue to prepare ourselves and work in a whole new environment, surgeons are facing the increased chances of litigations and compromised safety. We review what we have come to understand about safe surgical practices during and after the pandemic and the unanswered questions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133594/ doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.039 id: cord-338863-0jlp9lb4 author: Huecker, Martin title: COVID-19: Optimizing healthcare provider wellness and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-08-27 words: 1251.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338863-0jlp9lb4.txt summary: A systematic review found that 53% of individuals who endure trauma experienced PTG (4), enjoying greater life satisfaction, happiness, psychological, emotional, and even physical wellbeing (5) . While COVID-19 has already resulted in negative outcomes for HCWs, individuals can still strive for greater appreciation of life, improved self-esteem, and positive approaches to daily responsibilities (16) . Mindfulness interventions facilitate self-awareness and presence, with studies repeatedly demonstrating positive effects of meditation on sleep and other mental and physical health outcomes (30) . Effect of Positive Psychological Intervention on Posttraumatic Growth among Primary Healthcare Workers in China: A Preliminary Prospective Study Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720307592 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.066 id: cord-338079-udybki7w author: Hughes, Christopher title: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 words: 1006.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338079-udybki7w.txt summary: Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge. COVID-19 is primarily a disease with respiratory manifestations [1] , but there are increasing reports of cardiovascular [2, 3] and thromboembolic complications [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We report the first case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease with respiratory manifestations [1] , there are increasing reports of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications which are important for clinicians to be aware of. Expert consensus suggests prophylactic treatment with LMWH should be considered during admission and for 7-14 days after discharge for patients with COVID-19. A prothrombotic state is a risk factor for CVTS and this patient was positive for COVID-19. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a consensus statement before guidelines abstract: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with headache, hypertension and a single episode of fever with no other symptoms. He subsequently developed unilateral weakness. Computer tomography identified a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). A subsequent test for COVID-19 was positive. This is the first report of CVST as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. LEARNING POINTS: Thrombotic events may be the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19. These thrombotic events include stroke, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiac complications. Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001691 doi: 10.12890/2020_001691 id: cord-315991-uecdbanf author: Hughes, David title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date: 2020-05-06 words: 10311.0 sentences: 750.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt summary: National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of ''the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment'' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The Australian Governor-General declared a ''human biosecurity emergency period'' on 18 March 2020 190 in response to the risks posed by This empowered the Australian Government to make 191 a series of decisions including prohibition of cruise ships, travel bans (domestic and international), 192 limiting gatherings to two persons (with exceptions for people of the same household and other select 193 groups), and closing a range of indoor and outdoor public facilities. The detection of a positive COVID-19 case in a sporting or recreation club or organisation will result in a standard public health response, which could include quarantine of a whole team or large group, and close contacts, for the required period. abstract: Abstract Sport makes an important contribution to the physical, psychological and emotional well-being of Australians. The economic contribution of sport is equivalent to 2–3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all sectors of society, including sport. Resumption of sport can significantly contribute to the re-establishment of normality in Australian society. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), in consultation with sport partners (National Institute Network (NIN) Directors, NIN Chief Medical Officers (CMOs), National Sporting Organisation (NSO) Presidents, NSO Performance Directors and NSO CMOs), has developed a framework to inform the resumption of sport. National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of ‘the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment’ (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The principles outlined in this document apply to high performance/professional, community and individual passive (non-contact) sport. The AIS Framework is a timely tool of minimum baseline of standards, for ‘how’ reintroduction of sport activity will occur in a cautious and methodical manner, based on the best available evidence to optimise athlete and community safety. Decisions regarding the timing of resumption (the ‘when’ ) of sporting activity must be made in close consultation with Federal, State/Territory and Local Public Health Authorities. The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1440244020305272?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004 id: cord-293816-f86oo734 author: Hughes, H. title: Uncomfortably numb: suicide and the psychological undercurrent of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 961.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293816-f86oo734.txt summary: The uncertainty and unpredictability associated with COVID-19 has created a parallel pandemic of fear, anxiety and distress (Ammerman et al., 2020 , Yao et al. Research from China has demonstrated heightened rates of psychological distress attributable to COVID-19 (Yao et al. However, the correlation between epidemics, mental health and suicide is not a new revelation. Furthermore, illness-imposed quarantining has been associated with detrimental mental-health ramifications for those who must endure it (Brooks et al. While COVID-19 alone may not be the sole impetus for suicidality, the associated social disconnection, physical isolation and routine disruption may be a pernicious cocktail of risk factors (Ammerman et al. According to recent research from the United States, 45% of individuals with suicidal ideation explicitly linked their thoughts to COVID-19 (Ammerman et al. Preliminary investigation of the association between COVID-19 and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Mental Health and COVID-19: Information and Resources Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436491/ doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.49 id: cord-353163-gr1t3l8z author: Hughes, Helen E title: Emergency department use during COVID-19 as described by syndromic surveillance date: 2020-09-18 words: 2121.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353163-gr1t3l8z.txt summary: The 2020 ''COVID-19'' period (12 March 2020 to 26 April 2020) attendances were compared with the equivalent 2019 ''pre-COVID-19'' period (14 March 2019 to 28 April 2019): in total; by hour and day of the week; age group(<1, 1-4, 15-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years); gender; acuity; and for selected syndromic indicators(acute respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, myocardial ischaemia). [2] [3] [4] This anonymised subset of ECDS data is received on a daily basis, enabling a near real-time syndromic surveillance service, which feeds into PHE public health monitoring activities (including the COVID-19 response) and with weekly EDSSS surveillance bulletins made publicly available. The average daily attendances were calculated with the percentage difference between pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 in total by sex, age group, acuity, day of the week and by selected syndromic surveillance indicators. abstract: On 12 March 2020 the UK entered the ‘delay phase’ of the COVID-19 pandemic response. The Public Health England Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System (EDSSS) carries out daily (near real-time) public health surveillance of emergency department (ED) attendances across England. This retrospective observational analysis of EDSSS data aimed to describe changes in ED attendances during March–April 2020, and identify the attendance types with the largest impact. Type 1 ED attendances were selected from 109 EDs that reported data to EDSSS for the period 1 January 2019 to 26 April 2020. The daily numbers of attendances were plotted by age group and acuity of presentation. The 2020 ’COVID-19’ period (12 March 2020 to 26 April 2020) attendances were compared with the equivalent 2019 ’pre-COVID-19’ period (14 March 2019 to 28 April 2019): in total; by hour and day of the week; age group(<1, 1-4, 15-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years); gender; acuity; and for selected syndromic indicators(acute respiratory infection, gastroenteritis, myocardial ischaemia). Daily ED attendances up to 11 March 2020 showed regular trends, highest on a Monday and reduced in children during school holidays. From 12 March 2020 ED attendances decreased across all age groups, all acuity levels, on all days and times. Across age groups the greatest percentage reductions were seen in school age children (5–14 years). By acuity, the greatest reduction occurred in the less severe presentations. Syndromic indicators showed that the greatest reductions were in non-respiratory indicators, which fell by 44–67% during 2020 COVID-19, while acute respiratory infection was reduced by −4.4% (95% CI −9.5% to 0.6%). ED attendances in England have been particularly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic due to changes in healthcare seeking behaviour. EDSSS has enabled real-time daily monitoring of these changes, which are made publicly available to facilitate action. The EDSSS provides valuable surveillance of ED attendances in England. The flexibility of EDSSS allowed rapid development of new indicators (including COVID-19-like) and reporting methods. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948621/ doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209980 id: cord-278477-9a7gmzz3 author: Huh, Kyungmin title: Impact of obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, blood pressure, and renal function on the severity of COVID-19: a matter of sexual dimorphism? date: 2020-10-21 words: 3233.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278477-9a7gmzz3.txt summary: Aims This study aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, blood pressure (BP), and kidney function were associated with the risk of severe disease or death in patients with COVID-19. To examine the association between baseline health status and the risk of severe disease in patients with COVID-19, we performed a case-control study, using data from the nationwide registry of COVID-19 cases and from the biennial health checkup database in South Korea. In the present study based on a nationwide COVID-19 registry combined with an independent regular health checkup data, the effect of FPG levels and eGFR on the risk of severe or fatal COVID-19 varied between sex and age groups. In our retrospective study using a nationwide health checkup database, high FPG levels and low eGFR were significantly associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 (including fatal illness among women. abstract: Aims This study aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, blood pressure (BP), and kidney function were associated with the risk of severe disease or death in patients with COVID-19. Methods Data on candidate risk factors were extracted from patients’ last checkup records. Propensity score-matched cohorts were constructed, and logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was death or severe COVID-19, defined as requiring supplementary oxygen or higher ventilatory support. Results Among 7,649 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 2,231 (29.2%) received checkups and Severe COVID-19 occurred in 307 patients (13.8%). A BMI of 25.0–29.9 was associated with the outcome among women (aOR, 2.29; 95% CI,: 1.41–3.73) and patients aged 50–69 years (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06–2.54). An FPG ≥126 mg/dL was associated with poor outcomes in women (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.13–3.77) but not in men. Similarly, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a risk factor in women (aOR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.71–7.01) and patients aged <70 years. Conclusions The effects of BMI, FPG, and eGFR on outcomes associated with COVID-19 were prominent in women but not in men. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822720307725?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108515 id: cord-332503-3h4fovqx author: Hui, Dawn S. title: On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 378.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332503-3h4fovqx.txt summary: title: On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 We read with interest the letter by Dr. Babokin 1 and agree with his points regarding resection of peri-infarct myocardium that may harbor foci of ventricular tachycardia. The technique he describes is one of several to manage post-infarct left ventricular (LV) aneurysms, ranging from the simple linear technique to endoventricular circular patch plasty as we described. 2 Choice of technique should be patient-specific, with the salient points being restoration of normal LV volume and appearance as much as possible, exclusion of akinetic segments and nidus for thrombus, and preservation of mitral competency. Dr. Babokin has published an innovative technique, 3 in which preoperative electroanatomic mapping is used to mark the transition zone with endocardial radiofrequency ablation lesions. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Please cite this article as: Hui DS, Calhoon JH, On ventricular aneurysms, thrombi, and COVID-19 Surgical ventricular reconstruction with endocardectomy along radiofrequency ablation-induced markings ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction During COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From a Regional Public Service Healthcare Hub abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0003497520316398 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.09.006 id: cord-332703-ohzkpbwy author: Hui, Jane Yuet Ching title: Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a National Physician Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-08-25 words: 3509.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332703-ohzkpbwy.txt summary: METHODS: Participants were recruited to an anonymous cross-sectional online survey of oncology physicians (surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists) using social media from March 27 to April 10, 2020. Though not statistically significant, radiation oncologists were also more likely than surgeons or medical oncologists to alter treatment plans due to concerns about exposure risk to health care workers (61.7% vs. At~10 to 11 weeks after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the United States, we found that the majority of physicians had already altered the oncology treatment plans, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for their patients. We did observe that physicians who practice in states with higher numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases were more likely to have altered their treatment plans but do not have longitudinal data to assess how case numbers affect cancer care. We found that physicians who practice in states with a higher COVID-19 case count were more likely to have already altered cancer treatment plans. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted health care delivery across the United States, including treatment of cancer. We aim to describe the determinants of treatment plan changes from the perspective of oncology physicians across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Participants were recruited to an anonymous cross-sectional online survey of oncology physicians (surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists) using social media from March 27 to April 10, 2020. Physician demographics, practice characteristics, and cancer treatment decisions were collected. RESULTS: The analytic cohort included 411 physicians: 241 (58.6%) surgeons, 106 (25.8%) medical oncologists, and 64 (15.6%) radiation oncologists. In all, 38.0% were practicing in states with 1001 to 5000 confirmed COVID-19 cases as of April 3, 2020, and 37.2% were in states with >5000 cases. Most physicians (N=285; 70.0% of surgeons, 64.4% of medical oncologists, and 73.4% of radiation oncologists) had altered cancer treatment plans. Most respondents were concerned about their patients’ COVID-19 exposure risks, but this was the primary driver for treatment alterations only for medical oncologists. For surgeons, the primary driver for treatment alterations was conservation of personal protective equipment, institutional mandates, and external society recommendations. Radiation oncologists were primarily driven by operational changes such as visitor restrictions. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a majority of oncologists to alter their treatment plans, but the primary motivators for changes differed by oncologic specialty. This has implications for reinstitution of standard cancer treatment, which may occur at differing time points by treatment modality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32852291/ doi: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000757 id: cord-333368-kjrk8nn9 author: Huizinga, Gabrielle P title: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection date: 2020-09-03 words: 5490.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333368-kjrk8nn9.txt summary: While obesity and diabetes may complicate the delivery of supportive care in critical illness regardless of the underlying disease, lessons learned from the interaction of obesity with other systemic inflammatory syndromes suggest that obesity modifies biologic factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 syndrome. In seasonal and pandemic influenza, however, obese individuals may be more susceptible to severe viral respiratory disease even if they mount a serologic response to vaccination 25 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 11 Along with possible impairments in pathogen clearance, obese hosts are more likely to experience the breakdown of respiratory epithelium during a pulmonary infection, which leads to increased fluid in the airway space. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity in the response to infectious disease. There are significant disparities in morbidity and mortality by sex, weight and diabetes status. Numerous endocrine changes might drive these varied responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection including hormone and immune mediators, hyperglycemia, leukocyte responses, cytokine secretion, and tissue dysfunction. Studies of patients with severe COVID-19 disease have revealed the importance of innate immune responses in driving immunopathology and tissue injury. In this review we will describe the impact of the metabolically induced inflammation (meta-inflammation) that characterizes obesity on innate immunity. We consider that obesity-driven dysregulation of innate immune responses may drive organ injury in development of severe COVID-19 and impair viral clearance. url: https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa154 doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa154 id: cord-342974-g6ltr6am author: Hull, S. A. title: Suspected COVID-19 in primary care: how GP records contribute to understanding differences in prevalence by ethnicity. date: 2020-05-26 words: 3094.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342974-g6ltr6am.txt summary: Design and Setting Cross-sectional study using anonymised data from the primary care records of 1.3 million people registered with 157 practices in four adjacent east London clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). In a fully adjusted analysis, including clinical factors, the odds were: South Asian OR 1.93 (95% CI = 1.83 to 2.04) Black OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.57) Conclusions Using data in GP records Black and south Asian ethnicity remain as predictors of community cases of COVID-19, with levels of risk similar to hospital admission cases. The effect of ethnicity on the likelihood of suspected COVID-19 presentation was examined, adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical factors including long term conditions and BMI. Using patient level data from the GP record this study documents the numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting to practices through the peak of the London epidemic ( Figure 2 ). abstract: Abstract Background The first wave of the London COVID-19 epidemic peaked in April 2020. Attention initially focussed on severe presentations, intensive care capacity, and the timely supply of equipment. General practice has seen a rapid take up of technology to allow virtual consultations, enabling the management of mild and moderate community cases. Aim To quantify the prevalence and time-course of suspected COVID-19 presenting to general practices during the London epidemic. To report disease prevalence by ethnic group, and explore how far differences by ethnicity can be explained by data in the electronic health record (EHR). Design and Setting Cross-sectional study using anonymised data from the primary care records of 1.3 million people registered with 157 practices in four adjacent east London clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). The study area includes 48% of people from ethnic minorities and is in the top decile of social deprivation in England. Method Suspected COVID-19 cases were identified using SNOMED codes. Explanatory variables included age, gender, self-reported ethnicity and measures of social deprivation. Clinical factors included 16 long-term conditions, latest body mass index and smoking status. Results There were 8,985 suspected COVID-19 cases. Ethnicity recording was 78% complete. Univariate analysis showed a two-fold increase in odds of infection for South Asian and Black adults compared to White. In a fully adjusted analysis, including clinical factors, the odds were: South Asian OR 1.93 (95% CI = 1.83 to 2.04) Black OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.57) Conclusions Using data in GP records Black and south Asian ethnicity remain as predictors of community cases of COVID-19, with levels of risk similar to hospital admission cases. Further understanding of these differences requires social and occupational data. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.20101741v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20101741 id: cord-268659-lhprkye6 author: Hummel, James P. title: Temporal Trends in Arrhythmogenicity Related to Treatment of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-09-15 words: 1453.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268659-lhprkye6.txt summary: However, in the setting of acute renal failure and worsening glomerular filtration rate on day 8, the QTc increased to 591 ms on day 9 associated with the use of additional QTcprolonging drugs, with development of TdP despite the fact that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had been stopped. The major finding of this study is that QTc prolongation in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine may occur following completion of the 5-day therapeutic course. Thus, it is important to recognize that patients with severe COVID-19 infection may be predisposed to late QTc prolongation in the setting of renal impairment and concurrent use of QTc-prolonging medications during prolonged hospitalizations. Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32931318/ doi: 10.1161/circep.120.008841 id: cord-342156-4c8rzo62 author: Hung, Orlando title: Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (Letter #2) date: 2020-08-10 words: 948.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342156-4c8rzo62.txt summary: Key to the design and effectiveness of PPE is understanding how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) gains access to the body. 2 While it is helpful to use the size of viral-laden droplets (greater or smaller than 5 lm) as an index of transmissibility for infection control measures, it is also important for healthcare workers (HCWs) to take into consideration the complex dynamic nature and the site of deposition of infected droplets, and the critical pathogen load of droplets required for establishing infection in different airway regions. With this clear understanding of how and where COVID-19 virus transmission occurs, and which pieces of protective equipment have been proven effective, HCWs need not be any more apprehensive about caring for COVID-19 patients than when they would be managing others with severe viral respiratory illness. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779004/ doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01785-3 id: cord-294958-4982wy81 author: Hunt, Madison title: A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom date: 2020-03-28 words: 614.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294958-4982wy81.txt summary: title: A Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Young Male with Full Body Rash as a Presenting Symptom CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospitalization that presented with fever and extensive rash as the primary presenting symptoms. Six days later, the patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with continued fever and rash. COVID-19 may rarely present with an associated morbilliform viral eruption and should not be discarded as a diagnostic possibility in patients with viral syndrome and rash. We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a young, healthy male requiring hospitalization, which presented with fever and extensive rash. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 have been described in several publications, most thoroughly in a case series of 1099 patients by Guan et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019 the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified in Wuhan, China. In the ensuing months, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally and case load is exponentially increasing across the United States. Emergency departments have adopted screening and triage procedures to identify potential cases and isolate them during evaluation. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring hospitalization that presented with fever and extensive rash as the primary presenting symptoms. Rash has only been rarely reported in COVID-19 patients, and has not been previously described. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349 doi: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.3.47349 id: cord-330395-2qoyrqmj author: Huq, Samin title: COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision date: 2020-04-15 words: 1463.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330395-2qoyrqmj.txt summary: The decisions of cluster-wise lockdown or social distancing, or even preparing the health system to respond to the pandemic are made without the availability of adequate data. Although scarcity of test kits and lack of awareness from the general public certainly contributed to the crisis, Bangladesh is one of the few countries which had more than two months to prepare for COVID-19 crisis. The crisis has already started in the form of limited availability of disinfectants and personal protective equipment in the health care facilities. The recent surge of daily testing has managed to uncover more cases and traces of transmission at the community level. Additionally, it can lead to a surge on heightened risk of exposure due to minimized health response priorities, efforts and initiatives -such as contact tracing and testing in the rural areas and considering their movement to the urban areas. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010342 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010342 id: cord-298311-5vlycjbj author: Hur, Jian title: Usefulness of an Online Preliminary Questionnaire under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-19 words: 796.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298311-5vlycjbj.txt summary: Patients with a history of contact, within the past 14 days, with anyone confirmed to have COVID-19; a history of overseas travel; or any one of the COVID-19-related symptoms will receive questionnaire results marked in blue (Fig. 1b) . Any patient who receives such results will not be permitted to enter the hospital, instead, he or she will be directed to the COVID-19 screening center set up for testing outside the hospital. In contrast, patients with no suspicion of COVID-19 will receive ivory-colored questionnaire results, which must be shown to the worker at the entrance of the hospital to gain entry (Fig. 1c) . It is believed that the mobile self-report questionnaire can help reduce hospital-acquired secondary infections by minimizing the contact between patients with COVID-19 and hospital workers or other patients inside the hospital. We believe that the use of our mobile self-report questionnaire by other hospitals could be helpful in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01586-7 doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01586-7 id: cord-344010-14bd6mnp author: Husby, A. title: Inhaled corticosteroid use in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 words: 3497.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344010-14bd6mnp.txt summary: Methods In a nationwide cohort of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals in Denmark, we estimated the 30-day hazard ratio of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death among users of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared with users of non-ICS inhalers ({beta}2-agonist/muscarinic-antagonists), or non-users of ICS, with Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and other confounders. Studies report that SARS-CoV-2 infection often leads to severe airway inflammation (4) and the RECOVERY-trial suggests a substantial beneficial effect of systemic treatment with the corticosteroid dexamethasone in hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring nasal oxygen or mechanical ventilation (3) . Our results are in agreement with a large, not yet peer-reviewed, cohort study of COPD and asthma patients from the United Kingdom, which reports no increased risk of COVID-19-related death by prescription drug use of inhaled corticosteroids (18) . abstract: Background Recent evidence has established a beneficial effect of systemic corticosteroids for treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. However, it is unknown if inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with reduced morbidity of the disease. Methods In a nationwide cohort of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals in Denmark, we estimated the 30-day hazard ratio of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death among users of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared with users of non-ICS inhalers ({beta}2-agonist/muscarinic-antagonists), or non-users of ICS, with Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and other confounders. We repeated these analyses among influenza test-positive patients during 2010-2018. Results Among 2,180 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients, 282 were admitted to ICU and 421 died within 30 days. ICS use was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% CI [CI], 0.60 to 2.61) for ICU admission and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.54 to 1.31) for death compared with non-ICS inhaler use. Compared with no ICS use, the hazard ratio of ICU admission or death was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.94) and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.47), respectively. Among 10,279 hospitalized influenza patients, the hazard ratios were 1.43 (95% CI, 0.89 to 2.30) and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.46) for ICU admission, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.01) and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.22) for death compared with non-ICS inhaler use and no ICS use, respectively. Conclusions Our results do not support an effect of inhaled corticosteroid use on COVID-19 morbidity, however we can only rule out moderate-to-large reduced or increased risks. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.03.20187278v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20187278 id: cord-296567-six7u615 author: Hussain, Akhtar title: Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 1624.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296567-six7u615.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296567-six7u615.txt summary: The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) is one of those viruses -it causes the illness currently known as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) . Though we are still learning what exactly puts someone at greater risk of developing a severe illness with COVID-19, early information indicates older patients and those with chronic medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases may be at higher risk (1) (2) (3) . We need to develop a hypothesis to explain the causal path underlying the more severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection and subsequent death in diabetic patients. One such approach is the use of inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system, namely ACE inhibitors and ARBs. On the other hand, some concern has been raised about the fact that patients on these agents might be at an increased risk of infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.002 id: cord-256092-bph9ys72 author: Hussain, Aneela N. title: Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients - a double-edged sword? date: 2020-09-17 words: 1574.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256092-bph9ys72.txt summary: Current data suggest a direct correlation between the lower level of serum testosterone, inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and poor clinical outcomes among male patients with COVID-19. Current data suggest a direct correlation between the lower level of serum testosterone, inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and poor clinical outcomes among male patients with COVID-19. Lower levels of testosterone result in the upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, facilitating SARS-CoV-1 entry into the alveolar cells, and deregulating a lung-protective pathway (4) . Thereby we hypothesize that low testosterone levels in males have a direct correlation with the severity of disease and a worse outcome in COVID-19. Patients with low testosterone have reportedly developed severe manifestations requiring assisted ventilation because of the upregulation of ACE-2 receptors in lower respiratory cells, increased risk of lung damage, and respiratory muscle catabolism. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: COVID-19 affects males twice as frequently as females with significantly increased severity and mortality. Current data suggest a direct correlation between the lower level of serum testosterone, inflammatory cytokines, disease severity, and poor clinical outcomes among male patients with COVID-19. The gradual decline in total and free testosterone levels has a direct correlation with serious pulmonary complications requiring advanced care (ICU, ventilators, ECMO, etc.). SARS-CoV-2 utilizes Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) for entry in the host cell, and Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to prime spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Testosterone induces ACE-2 expression, a critical pulmonary protective enzyme. Low testosterone levels in males have a direct correlation with the high probability of ICU admission and the worse disease outcome (ARDS, duration of ICU stay, mortality). On the contrary, however, high testosterone levels can lead to thrombosis which is also one of the fatal manifestations in COVID-19 patients. A critical evaluation of the serum testosterone and its relevance to COVID-19 is warranted to re-evaluate strategies to effectively triage, prioritize, and manage high-risk patients for ICU admission, survival outcomes, targeted solutions, and operational algorithms. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720321915 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110287 id: cord-339712-chkgq0it author: Hussain, Arshad title: People with Diabetes Mellitus: Soft target for COVID-19 infection date: 2020-05-17 words: 1564.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339712-chkgq0it.txt summary: In December 2019, in the Hubei province (China), no one could have predicted the pandemic potential of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19). The risk in diabetic patient has been likewise reported in the previous CoV infections, SARS in 2002 affecting more than eight thousand in Asia and the Middle East 7,8 and two thousand in Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia in 2012. 10 Comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, DM, hypertension and obesity have substantial effect on outcome of a patient infected with COVID-19. 13 In patient with these comorbidities, potential factors might be due to direct accelerated damage of target tissues or favoured virus life-cycle during a SARS-CoV-2 infection. 17 With coexistent diabetes and viral respiratory diseases (COVID-19) tight glycemic control has beneficial clinical outcome. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582305/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2629 id: cord-275721-l6l7bln0 author: Hussain, Azhar title: The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-29 words: 2202.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275721-l6l7bln0.txt summary: In this initial report, we outline our experience of setting up and delivering a pan‐regional service for the delivery of urgent and emergency cardiac surgery with a focus on maintaining a COVID‐free in‐hospital environment. There are seven NHS centers that provide cardiac surgical services in London, with an additional five independent hospitals covering a population of 8.5 million. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 7000 cardiac surgical procedures were performed on average in London every year, with the majority (90%) performed in NHS hospitals. It is likely that the independent sector will be asked to support patient flow and ongoing hospital treatment for patients after cardiac surgery who cannot be discharged from a delivery center. In this initial report, we outline our experience of setting up and delivering a pan-regional service for the delivery of urgent and emergency cardiac surgery with a focus on maintaining a COVID-free in-hospital environment. The Pan London Emergency Cardiac Surgery service: Coordinating a response to the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: Over the last 4 months, the novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, has caused a significant economic, political, and public health impact on a global scale. The natural history of the disease and surge in the need for invasive ventilation has required the provision of intensive care beds in London to be reallocated. NHS England have proposed the formation of a Pan‐London Emergency Cardiac surgery (PLECS) service to provide urgent and emergency cardiac surgery for the whole of London. In this initial report, we outline our experience of setting up and delivering a pan‐regional service for the delivery of urgent and emergency cardiac surgery with a focus on maintaining a COVID‐free in‐hospital environment. In doing so, we hope that other regions can use this as a starting point in developing their own region‐specific pathways if the spread of coronavirus necessitates similar measures be put in place across the United Kingdom. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32598501/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14747 id: cord-308702-90a4dj76 author: Hussain, Azhar title: Cardiac surgery in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection: Early experience date: 2020-06-12 words: 612.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308702-90a4dj76.txt summary: The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID‐19 infection is difficult to make, particularly as it is still an unknown disease entity in the setting of emergent cardiac surgery. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery and who have had recent or active COVID‐19 infection. 1 The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID-19 infection is difficult to make as it is an unknown disease entity with outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery difficult to predict. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery who have had recent or active COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination suggested aortic stenosis and past medical history was significant for type His medical history was significant for hyOur third case highlights the importance of a CT thorax as part of our routine preoperative cardiac surgical workup during this pandemic. Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 abstract: The novel coronavirus, now termed SARS‐CoV‐2, has caused a significant global impact in the space of 4 months. Almost all elective cardiac surgical operations have been postponed in order to reduce transmission and to allocate resources adequately. Urgent and emergency cardiac surgery is still taking place during the pandemic. The decision to operate in urgent patients with active/recent COVID‐19 infection is difficult to make, particularly as it is still an unknown disease entity in the setting of emergent cardiac surgery. We present a case series of three patients who underwent urgent cardiac surgery and who have had recent or active COVID‐19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531128/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14657 id: cord-346930-gl573ip9 author: Hussain, Azhar title: Emerging Pharmaceutical Treatments of Novel COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-05-24 words: 4177.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346930-gl573ip9.txt summary: Although multiple drugs show promise in the treatment of COVID-19 via either inhibiting viral replication or preventing fusion of the virus to the ACE2 receptors, further investigation is still warranted and necessary before the admission of any type of pharmaceutical agent. This review explores various drugs and their mechanism of action which are either currently being used in clinical trials or may be used in the future for the treatment of COVID-19. Since the emergence of the virus in China in December of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe resulting in the current global pandemic. Arbidol (also known as Umifenovir) is a promising repurposed antiviral agent with a unique mechanism of action targeting the S protein/ACE2 interaction and inhibiting membrane fusion of the viral envelope to the host cell [7] . abstract: As a new decade began, COVID-19 quickly gained importance as it became the cause of the current global pandemic. Research has been focusing on studying the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and investigates possible pharmaceutical approaches. With the number of cases increasing every day, globally, multiple drugs are being researched as possible candidates. Although multiple drugs show promise in the treatment of COVID-19 via either inhibiting viral replication or preventing fusion of the virus to the ACE2 receptors, further investigation is still warranted and necessary before the admission of any type of pharmaceutical agent. Furthermore, several supplements have also been documented in being utilized as treatment of COVID-19. The exact mechanism and efficacy of current candidate drugs are still being explored through clinical trials. Despite the advancements in current research with emerging treatments, social distancing and engaging in preventative measures remains crucial to attempt to prevent the occurrence of more cases and deaths, worldwide. This review explores various drugs and their mechanism of action which are either currently being used in clinical trials or may be used in the future for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8260 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8260 id: cord-034495-gvtv8o96 author: Hussain, Kashif title: Pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pakistan date: 2020-11-02 words: 2653.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034495-gvtv8o96.txt summary: All over the world, especially in the developed countries pharmacists have responded smartly and speedily for public health, such as establishing professional protective and service guidance for pharmacy staff and services, creating and updating drug formularies, addressing the issues of drug shortages, providing public education for prevention and management of infection, contributing in drug evaluation and clinical trials. In a tertiary care hospital pharmacy, along with the other approaches and responses in pandemic crises such as supply of emergency medications according to the treatment guidelines and resolving drug shortage, it is also required to provide and continue the event-driven pharmaceutical care. The role of clinical pharmacist demands to evaluate the recent literature and published guidelines of these off-label used medications as the associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of few of the offlabel used drugs include flu-like symptoms, fever, and fatigue, which are actual symptoms of the COVID-19 disease. abstract: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading across the world. Pharmacy services play a vital role in public health in preventing and containing the COVID-19 pandemic. All over the world, especially in the developed countries pharmacists have responded smartly and speedily for public health, such as establishing professional protective and service guidance for pharmacy staff and services, creating and updating drug formularies, addressing the issues of drug shortages, providing public education for prevention and management of infection, contributing in drug evaluation and clinical trials. In this commentary, we review the exclusive demands from pharmacy services in Pakistan during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and sharing the responses of our hospital pharmacy to these demands and needs with the international pharmacy community, especially of the low and middle-income countries like Pakistan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7604651/ doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00277-5 id: cord-278246-mnj0zmkn author: Hussain, Nowair title: A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 words: 2986.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt summary: HCQ treated patients had higher rates of adverse clinical outcomes and side effects compared with the control populations. The treatment of COVID-19 positive patients with HCQ has been met with controversy, as there have been no large multicenter randomized control trials to support its use. Studies 1 and 2 both do not cross the effect line at 0, indicating that they are not in agreement with the mortality rate of HCQ treated COVID-19 positive patients. All studies, except Study 6, are in agreement with the results of a disease progression rate of HCQ treatment in patients with COVID [19] . These results seem to be in line with the meta-analysis'' of a slight disease improvement in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ as compared with the controls. Our study looks at three disease outcome measures of treatment with HCQ in patients with COVID-19: mortality rates, progression rates, and severity rates. abstract: Introduction Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread throughout the world with a large medical and economic impact. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic. As a result of this worldwide public health crisis, politicians, elected officials, and healthcare professionals emergently began trialing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in efforts to treat and prevent the transmission of the virus. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of HCQ on patients with COVID-19. Methods This meta-analysis adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIMA) guidelines. Selected articles published between December 2019 and July 2020 were found utilizing the following search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, DisasterLit, Clinicaltrials.gov, Medrxiv, and Embase. Two independent physician reviewers screened eligible articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the analysis. The outcome measures analyzed were mortality rate, rate of disease progression/improvement, rate of disease severity, and adverse effects of treatment. Six out of 14 studies that met the study’s eligibility criteria were selected and further analyzed, with a total of 381 participants (n= 381). Conclusion From the studies analyzed, it was found that groups treated with HCQ had an overall mortality rate that was 2.5 times greater than that of the control group. HCQ treated patients had higher rates of adverse clinical outcomes and side effects compared with the control populations. Lastly, there was a 1.2 times higher rate of improvement in the group of HCQ treated patients with mild to moderate symptoms as compared to the control group. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983702/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10005 id: cord-028163-ay37zzj5 author: Hussain, Yaseen title: COVID-19 in five neighbouring limited resources countries: A financial and health threats date: 2020-06-30 words: 692.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028163-ay37zzj5.txt summary: title: COVID-19 in five neighbouring limited resources countries: A financial and health threats In the near future, the total number of confirmed cases is expected to increase significantly in 16 limited resources or developing countries. The COVID-19 was 20 found as a mounting threat to the economy of the entire world, including the neighbouring 21 developing countries of China i.e. Pakistan, India, Iran, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. According to a report on the Afghanistan economy, the economic growth rate is expected to 100 collapse further by 10% in the coming future. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be more threatening to Afghanistan due to its 102 weak economy and poor health care system. Developing countries face economic collapse in COVID-19 fight Forecasting the Economic Impact of Coronavirus on Developing 155 Countries: Case of Pakistan Trade in the time of COVID-19: The economic impact of coronavirus 166 on India and beyond abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324313/ doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.06.001 id: cord-269554-fzu6dy4e author: Hussein, M. H. title: Asthma in COVID-19: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-07-15 words: 3091.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269554-fzu6dy4e.txt summary: Univariate analysis of COVID-19 outcomes revealed that asthma was significantly associated with higher rate of endotracheal intubation (40.3% vs 27.8%, p = 0.036), mechanical ventilation (both invasive and non-invasive) (70.7% vs 52.2%, p = 0.039), and longer hospital length of stay (15.14 ± 12.48 days vs 11.51 ± 10.58 days, p = 0.015). Asthma was not associated with a higher rate of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (22.2% vs 14.9%, p = 0.12), acute respiratory distress syndrome (37.5% vs 30.9%, p = 0.27), or death (9.7% vs 13.5%, p = 0.45) among COVID-19 patients. On comparison to non-asthmatic obese patients, obese asthmatic patients were more likely to develop sepsis (25.9% vs 14.2%, p = 0.042), had higher risk of ICU admission (48.1% vs 33.2%, p = 0.042), and required prolonged intubation (2.73 ± 3.63 days vs 1.38 ± 2.07, p = 0.032).Impact of asthma comorbidity on COVID-19 outcomes abstract: Introduction The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe, overwhelming healthcare systems and depleting resources. The infection has a wide spectrum of presentations, and pre-existing comorbidities have been found to have a dramatic effect on the disease course and prognosis. We sought to analyze the effect of asthma on the disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Methods We conducted a multi-center retrospective study of positively confirmed COVID-19 patients from multiple hospitals in Louisiana. Demographics, medical history, comorbidities, clinical presentation, daily laboratory values, complications, and outcomes data were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, risk of intubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay. Results A total of 502 COVID-19 patients (72 asthma and 430 non-asthma cohorts) were included in the study. The frequency of asthma in hospitalized cohorts was 14.3%, higher than the national prevalence of asthma (7.7%). Univariate analysis revealed that asthma patients were more likely to be obese (75% vs 54.2%, p=0.001), with higher frequency of intubation (40.3% vs 27.8%, p = 0.036), and required longer duration of hospitalization (15.1{+/-}12.5 vs 11.5{+/-}10.6, p=0.015). After adjustment, multivariable analysis showed that asthmatic patients were not associated with higher risk of ICU admission (OR=1.81, 95%CI=0.98-3.09, p=0.06), endotracheal intubation (OR=1.77, 95%CI=0.99-3.04, p=0.06) or complications (OR=1.37, 95%CI=0.82-2.31, p=0.23). Asthmatic patients were not associated with higher odds of prolonged hospital length of stay (OR=1.48, 95%CI=0.82-2.66, p=0.20) or with the duration of ICU stay (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.28-2.02, p=0.58). Kaplan-Meier curve showed no significant difference in overall survival of the two groups (p=0.65). Conclusion Despite the increased prevalence of hospitalization in asthmatic COVID-19 patients compared to the general population, after adjustment for other variables, it was neither associated with increased severity nor worse outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.20153130 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20153130 id: cord-333175-klnxnxwm author: Hussein, Mohammad H. title: Asthma in COVID-19 patients: An extra chain fitting around the neck? date: 2020-11-11 words: 2654.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333175-klnxnxwm.txt summary: Currently, the CDC reports that asthma is present in about 17% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, making it the fourth most prevalent comorbidity behind hypertension, obesity, and diabetes [4] . Obese and diabetic patients have been categorized as high-risk, but there is still limited data regarding the impact of bronchial asthma on COVID-19 outcomes [5] . Univariate analysis of COVID-19 outcomes revealed that asthma was significantly associated with higher rate of endotracheal intubation (40.3% vs 27.8%, p = 0.036), mechanical ventilation (both invasive and non-invasive) (70.7% vs 52.2%, p = 0.039), and longer hospital length of stay (15.14 ± 12.48 days vs 11.51 ± 10.58 days, p = 0.015). Asthma was not associated with a higher rate of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (22.2% vs 14.9%, p = 0.12), acute respiratory distress syndrome (37.5% vs 30.9%, p = 0.27), or death (9.7% vs 13.5%, p = 0.45) among COVID-19 patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. Pre-existing comorbidities have been found to have a dramatic effect on the disease course. We sought to analyze the effect of asthma on the disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center retrospective study of positively confirmed COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 502 COVID-19 adult patients (72 asthma and 430 non-asthma cohorts) with mean age of 60.7 years were included in the study. The frequency of asthma in hospitalized cohorts was 14.3%. Univariate analysis revealed that asthma patients were more likely to be obese (75% versus 54.2%, p = 0.001), with a higher frequency of intubation (40.3% versus 27.8%, p = 0.036), and required a longer duration of hospitalization (15.1 ± 12.5 versus 11.5 ± 10.6, p = 0.015). After adjustment, multivariable analysis showed that asthmatic patients were not associated with higher risk of ICU admission (OR = 1.81, 95%CI = 0.98–3.09, p = 0.06), endotracheal intubation (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 0.99–3.04, p = 0.06) or complications (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 0.82–2.31, p = 0.23). Asthmatic patients were not associated with higher odds of prolonged hospital length of stay (OR = 1.48, 95%CI = 0.82–2.66, p = 0.20) or with ICU stay (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.28–2.02, p = 0.58). Kaplan-Meier curve showed no significant difference in the overall survival of the two groups (p = 0.65). CONCLUSION: Despite the increased prevalence of hospitalization in elder asthmatic COVID-19 patients, after adjustment for other variables, it was neither associated with increased severity nor worse outcomes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611120303450?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106205 id: cord-171868-315udu9w author: Hussein, Molla Rashied title: Overview of digital health surveillance system during COVID-19 pandemic: public health issues and misapprehensions date: 2020-07-27 words: 1371.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-171868-315udu9w.txt summary: Artificial intelligence and 5G networks combine the advanced digital healthcare surveillance system; whereas Bluetooth-based contact tracing systems have fewer privacy concerns. The COVID-19 shows the necessity of automated contact tracing to track down newly infected cases, control, and predict the real time spreading. Some countries developed systems without considering user privacy, whereas many followed the Singapore model based on Bluetooth data exchanges on contact [3] . Numerous digital health surveillance systems (DHSSs) are used in several countries to identify infected people, observe mobility, and narrow down the tranmission risks. However, authorities need to be ethical and cautious regarding privacy and security, while appling DHSS for preventing public health mishaps. Internet of Things (IoT) creates a common platform to access data by the public health agencies to observe COVID-19 pandemic [8] . Contact tracing is found to be an essential public health approach to fight the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Without proper medication and vaccination for the COVID-19, many governments are using automated digital healthcare surveillance system to prevent and control the spread. There is not enough literature explaining the concerns and privacy issues; hence, we have briefly explained the topics in this paper. We focused on digital healthcare surveillance system's privacy concerns and different segments. Further research studies should be conducted in different sectors. This paper provides an overview based on the published articles, which are not focusing on the privacy issues that much. Artificial intelligence and 5G networks combine the advanced digital healthcare surveillance system; whereas Bluetooth-based contact tracing systems have fewer privacy concerns. More studies are required to find the appropriate digital healthcare surveillance system, which would be ideal for monitoring, controlling, and predicting the COVID-19 trajectory. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.13633v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-265779-p2bro1ai author: Hussein, Nawfal R. title: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-11-04 words: 2606.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265779-p2bro1ai.txt summary: title: Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Surgical Practice In Kurdistan, Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey At first appearance, surgeons'' practices were not considered front-line services within the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, when compared with other specialties including internal medicine, infectious diseases, intensive care physicians. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are a huge shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies, including disposable gloves, gowns, surgical masks, and alcohol-based hand sanitizers in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical practice in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Participants were then asked for specific questions about the use of personal protection, number of surgeries performed during COVID-19, and motivation of the surgeon to work in the management and treatment of COVID-19 patients. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq abstract: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge to healthcare services in the world. It has negatively impacted surgical practice, and health workers. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical practice in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Methods An online cross-sectional study using an online survey was performed between 13 April to 29 April, 2020 in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. An online cross-sectional study using an online survey was performed between 13 April to 29 April, 2020 in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A total of 241 surgeons, aged 28–70 years (mean range 22.2 ± 7.9 SD), were recruited to this study. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgeons’ practices. Participants completed a self-developed online questionnaire. Results The majority of participants (44.39%) were general surgeons, followed by urologists (17.01%). Approximately 82.57% of surgeons performed surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic and 60.31% undertook emergency surgeries only. There was no significant difference between men and women (P=0.41) and different age groups (P=0.08). Only 28.22% of surgeons had access to full personal protective equipment (PPE), and 41.18% believed that wearing PPEs severely affected their skills. Results also found that surgeons aged between 28–34 years were more pledged to the use of PPEs, than other age groups (P=0.001). The use of PPEs during surgeries was significantly higher in the Sulaymaniyah province (P=0.001). The surgical services were also severely impacted in the Sulaymaniyah province than in the other provinces (p=0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected surgical practice in the Kurdistan Region, particularly in the Sulaymaniyah province. Males, and young surgeons showed a higher commitment level for using PPE. Additional training and precautions are needed to increase awareness about COVID-19 among surgeons, and the importance of using PPE during surgery. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405857220300954?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.10.014 id: cord-344658-4z2697q6 author: Hutasoit, Novana title: Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology date: 2020-08-29 words: 2469.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344658-4z2697q6.txt summary: title: Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Inactivation Capability of Copper-Coated Touch Surface Fabricated by Cold-Spray Technology The primary intention was to alleviate the tendency of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus to linger longer on touch surfaces that attract high-to-medium volume human contact, such as the push plates used in publicly accessed buildings and hospitals. This work showcases the capability of cold-spray as a potential copper-coating solution for different in-use parts and components that can act as sources for the spread of the virus. In this work the authors have deposited copper coatings onto the stainless steel push-plates in a matter of 7 mins only, which is a marvellous demonstration of the application of the cold spray coating process for ongoing and future challenges arising from the pandemic. Table 1 and Fig. 2 presents the viricidal activity results of SARS-CoV-2 virus when exposed to three different metallic surfaces and compared with COVID-19 only and positive control solutions. abstract: In this work, cold-spray technique was employed for rapid coating of copper on in-use steel parts. The primary intention was to alleviate the tendency of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus to linger longer on touch surfaces that attract high-to-medium volume human contact, such as the push plates used in publicly accessed buildings and hospitals. The viricidal activity test revealed that 96% of the virus was inactivated within 2-hrs, which was substantially shorter than the time required for stainless steel to inactivate the virus to the same level. Moreover, it was found that the copper-coated samples significantly reduces the lifetime of COVID-19 virus to less than 5-hrs. The capability of the cold-spray technique to generate antiviral copper coating on the existing touch surface eliminates the need for replacing the entire touch surface application with copper material. Furthermore, with a short manufacturing time to produce coatings, the re-deployment of copper-coated parts can be accomplished in minutes, thereby resulting in significant cost savings. This work showcases the capability of cold-spray as a potential copper-coating solution for different in-use parts and components that can act as sources for the spread of the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.08.007 id: cord-321258-fj9nel2z author: Huynh, Giao title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam date: 2020-09-14 words: 3015.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321258-fj9nel2z.txt summary: title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Chronic Illness Patients at Outpatient Departments in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. 14,15 Therefore, assessing the knowledge, attitude and practices toward COVID-19 plays an important role, especially in patients with a chronic illness, which will help to develop the effective educational interventions to ensure safe and quality care while stopping onwards viral transmission. This is the first study of its type to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with chronic diseases in Vietnam, and it was performed at the first stage of the pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major threat to human life around the world. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 among people with chronic diseases at the outpatient departments in Ho Chi Minh City. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between February and March 2020 using a convenience sampling strategy in three hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) via the use of a structured self-administered questionnaire. Factors relating to practices, prevalence ratio (PR), and 95% confidence interval were estimated by using the Poisson regression with robust options. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically different. RESULTS: A total of 522 participants had a mean age of 51.5 ± 10.6 years. Most of them reported seeing information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic (93.7%) via television and social media (72.8% and 62.1%, respectively). Just over two-thirds of the participants (68.4%) answered with sufficient knowledge of COVID-19. Most respondents had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 (90.8%), although some misconceptions existed. Almost over three-fourths of them (77.2%) maintained good practices for prevention. The rate of good practices in those who had sufficient knowledge was 1.24 times greater than that among those who had insufficient knowledge (PR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.41, P<0.05). Also, the rate of good practices in males was lower than that of females (PR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There still exists an amount of insufficient knowledge and negative attitude regarding COVID-19, which may be barriers to good prevention practices among chronic illness patients. Education programs need to continue via television and social media and emphasize that people with chronic diseases are more likely to experience severe symptoms, including death from COVID-19. Additionally, management authorities should prolong specific policies to protect the more vulnerable in our community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982515/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s268876 id: cord-119104-9d421si9 author: Huynh, Tin Van title: BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models date: 2020-09-06 words: 1816.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119104-9d421si9.txt summary: title: BANANA at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identifying COVID-19 Information on Twitter by Combining Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Models In this article, we present our approach at WNUT-2020 Task 2 to identify Tweets containing information about COVID-19 on the social networking platform Twitter or not. • Firstly, we implemented four different models based on neural networks and transformers such as Bi-GRU-CNN, BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet to solve the WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identification of informative COVID-19 English Tweets. In this paper, we propose an ensemble method that combines the deep learning models with the transfer learning models to identify information about COVID-19 from users'' tweets. In this paper, we used the SOTA transfer learning models, such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) , RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) , and XLNet (Yang et al., 2019) with fine-tuning techniques for the problem of identifying informative tweet about COVID-19. abstract: The outbreak COVID-19 virus caused a significant impact on the health of people all over the world. Therefore, it is essential to have a piece of constant and accurate information about the disease with everyone. This paper describes our prediction system for WNUT-2020 Task 2: Identification of Informative COVID-19 English Tweets. The dataset for this task contains size 10,000 tweets in English labeled by humans. The ensemble model from our three transformer and deep learning models is used for the final prediction. The experimental result indicates that we have achieved F1 for the INFORMATIVE label on our systems at 88.81% on the test set. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02671v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-275257-upj8mvzn author: Hwang, E. Shelley title: Surgical Oncologists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guiding Cancer Patients Effectively through Turbulence and Change date: 2020-06-14 words: 8495.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275257-upj8mvzn.txt summary: Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel provides perspectives on: (1) creating a safe environment for surgical oncology care, (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions, (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing, (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy, (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization, and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed extraordinary demands from patients, providers, and health care systems. Despite this, surgical oncologists must maintain focus on providing high-quality, empathetic care for the almost 2 million patients nationally who will be diagnosed with operable cancer this year. The focus of hospitals is transitioning from initial COVID-19 preparedness activities to a more sustained approach to cancer care. METHODS: Editorial Board members provided observations of the implications of the pandemic on providing care to surgical oncology patients. RESULTS: Strategies are presented that have allowed institutions to successfully prepare for cancer care during COVID-19, as well as other strategies that will help hospitals and surgical oncologists manage anticipated challenges in the near term. Perspectives are provided on: (1) maintaining a safe environment for surgical oncology care; (2) redirecting the multidisciplinary model to guide surgical decisions; (3) harnessing telemedicine to accommodate requisite physical distancing; (4) understanding interactions between SARS CoV-2 and cancer therapy; (5) considering the ethical impact of professional guidelines for surgery prioritization; and (6) advocating for our patients who require oncologic surgery in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Until an effective vaccine becomes available for widespread use, it is imperative that surgical oncologists remain focused on providing optimal care for our cancer patients while managing the demands that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impose on all of us. url: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-08673-6 id: cord-340826-2530zdeq author: Hwang, Jong-moon title: Neurological diseases as mortality predictive factors for patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-08 words: 2930.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340826-2530zdeq.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: In the current study, we evaluated factors that increase the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient death rate by analyzing the data from two cohort hospitals. RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic analysis, age and the presence of chronic lung disease and Alzheimer''s dementia (AD) were the only significant parameters for predicting COVID-19 non-survival (p < 0.05). However, hypertension, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and history of taking angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were not significantly associated with the death of COVID-19 patients. Based on previous studies of COVID-19 risk factors and the classification system announced by the KCDC, the presence of chronic medical underlying diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic lung, or cardiovascular disease, carcinoma, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were investigated ( Fig. 1 ). We found that the presence of chronic lung disease and AD were predictive factors for death from COVID-19, especially mortality risk increases beginning at the age of 70 years. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the current study, we evaluated factors that increase the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient death rate by analyzing the data from two cohort hospitals. In addition, we studied whether underlying neurological diseases are risk factors for death. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 103 adult inpatients (aged ≥ 18 years). We evaluated differences in demographic data between surviving and non-surviving COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: In a multivariate logistic analysis, age and the presence of chronic lung disease and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) were the only significant parameters for predicting COVID-19 non-survival (p < 0.05). However, hypertension, coronary vascular disease, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and history of taking angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were not significantly associated with the death of COVID-19 patients. The optimal cutoff value obtained from the maximum Youden index was 70 (sensitivity, 80.77%; specificity, 61.04%), and the odds ratio of non-survival increased 1.055 fold for every year of age. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should closely monitor and manage the symptoms of COVID-19 patients who are over the age of 70 years or have chronic lung disease or AD. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04541-z doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04541-z id: cord-309799-fhkbcp7z author: Hwang, Yerin title: Diabetes and COVID-19: IDF perspective in the Western Pacific Region date: 2020-06-25 words: 2778.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309799-fhkbcp7z.txt summary: -Setting up separate inpatient COVID-19 screening "hot" wards that were separate from "cold" wards -Setting up special "fever" clinics, initially attached to a hospital but separate from other services, particularly emergency departments -Novel screening pathways with initially more than less restrictive criteria for screening: an on-line self-registration and self-screening tool, drive-through screening and rapid throughput screening, to allow hospital workers with mild symptoms to be screened and get back to work in 24 hours -Securing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), including from pre-existing national medical resources stockpiles and providing training on specialized techniques for urgent/safe gowning up -Suspension of non-urgent surgery and procedures in both public and private hospitals with graded reintroduction -Arrangements between State governments and private hospitals for the latter to take COVID and non-COVID patients, if and when required -Upskilling and education of appropriate staff in best practice in procedures such as intubation to minimize risk to health professionals -Call-up of, and short-term registration of, recently retired healthcare professionals and senior medical students -Limitation or suspension of face-face non-urgent medical ambulatory or outpatient services (including outpatient adult and pediatric endocrinology/diabetes services), with a provision of telehealth services that would prevent emergency department presentations/admissions. abstract: Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, the highest risk level in the infectious disease alert phase, on 11 March 2020. In the Western Pacific Region (WPR), 192,016 confirmed cases with 7,125 deaths had been reported as of 8 June 2020. In people with diabetes COVID-19 can be more difficult to treat due to the wide fluctuations in blood glucose levels or presence of comorbidities such as diabetes complications, including cardiovascular disease and renal damage, which are recognized risks for adverse outcomes. National diabetes associations and governments have established guidelines for subjects with diabetes in relation to COVID-19, and are trying to supply emergency and their regularly required medical products for them. The WPR is so large and composed of such diverse countries and COVID-19 situations, no one conclusion or program applies. Instead we could see a diverse COVID-19 pandemic profile in the WPR, and several creative diagnostic and therapeutic measures undertaken. This includes drive-through screening facilities, high-speed RT-PCR technologies, convalescent patients’ plasma therapy, which potentially had some positive contributions in combatting COVID-19 in the WPR as well as globally. Although the numbers of confirmed cases are currently decreasing in the region, the COVID-19 pandemic is not over, and many experts are recommending to prepare measures for potential second or third waves of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822720305301?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108278 id: cord-297218-yct9fu8r author: Hyland, Kelly A. title: Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis date: 2020-06-16 words: 1525.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297218-yct9fu8r.txt summary: authors: Hyland, Kelly A.; Jim, Heather S.L. title: Behavioral and psychosocial responses of people receiving treatment for advanced lung cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis Current available information suggests that people age 65+, those with underlying medical conditions such as lung disease, people with weakened immune systems, and people undergoing cancer treatment may be at increased risk for severe illness from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The current analysis examined qualitative data from a convenience sample of participants in a larger study evaluating the relationship of hope, goals, and psychological well-being in people with advanced stage lung cancer. Participants'' naturalistic mentions of COVID-19 during follow-up interviews and discussion of behavior change in response to the pandemic were analyzed. Several key themes related to patients'' experiences and responses to COVID-19 were identified that may not be readily apparent during clinical encounters, but have implications for oncology providers. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5445 doi: 10.1002/pon.5445 id: cord-340880-2qop8tcp author: Hyman, Jaime B. title: Timing of Intubation and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-10-21 words: 3669.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340880-2qop8tcp.txt summary: DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who were admitted between January 30, 2020, and April 30, 2020, and underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation prior to May 1, 2020. Key Words: coronavirus disease 2019 infection; coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic; in-hospital mortality; intubation; mechanical ventilation; respiratory failure C oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To address this critical knowledge gap, we aimed to determine whether there was an association between timing of intubation relative to hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 who underwent mechanical ventilation at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Despite these limitations, our analysis indicated that increasing time from admission to intubation was associated with higher mortality in a cohort of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 early in the pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether increasing time between admission and intubation was associated with mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who underwent mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who were admitted between January 30, 2020, and April 30, 2020, and underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation prior to May 1, 2020. Patients were followed up through August 15, 2020. SETTING: Five hospitals within the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City, NY. PATIENTS: Adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection who underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A hospital-stratified time-varying Cox model was used to evaluate the effect of time from admission to intubation on in-hospital death. A total of 755 adult patients out of 5,843 admitted with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection underwent tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period. The median age of patients was 65 years (interquartile range, 56–72 yr) and 64% were male. As of the time of follow-up, 121 patients (16%) who were intubated and mechanically ventilated had been discharged home, 512 (68%) had died, 113 (15%) had been discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and 9 (1%) remained in the hospital. The median time from admission to intubation was 2.3 days (interquartile range, 0.6–6.3 d). Each additional day between hospital admission and intubation was significantly associated with higher in-hospital death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who were intubated and mechanically ventilated, intubation earlier in the course of hospital admission may be associated with improved survival. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000254 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000254 id: cord-341126-i8wr8h4x author: Hyung, Jaewon title: The Asian Approach to the Management of GI Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era date: 2020-07-09 words: 1349.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341126-i8wr8h4x.txt summary: Hence, infection control by reducing unnecessary hospital visits is absolutely crucial for the optimal management of cancer patients in China where the nosocomial spread of COVID-19 has been noted. Continuation of cancer management without major compromises in South Korea is largely due to the well-established infection control protocols in each hospital, which stemmed from their experience with the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2015. According to the guidelines published by the Korean Cancer Association and National Cancer Center, changes and delays in the management of cancer patients (including clinical trials) are not necessary in the absence of direct suspicion or confirmation of COVID-19 6 . Patients with COVID-19 associated symptoms or epidemiologic links to confirmed COVID-19 cases are categorized as high-risk patients-for these patients, clinic visits are delayed for 14 days or COVID-19 screening tests are carried out according to the specific groups as defined in the protocols of each center. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcc.2020.07.002 doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2020.07.002 id: cord-284529-0ri4kw4k author: Håkansson, Anders title: Impact of COVID-19 on Online Gambling – A General Population Survey During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: 5955.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284529-0ri4kw4k.txt summary: The aim of the present study was to describe past-30-day use of different gambling types during the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals defined as online gamblers, in order to enable a comparison with past-30-day data reported from a previous survey in online gamblers carried out in 2018. For those reporting past-30-day gambling, compared to those denying that but reporting past-year gambling for the same gambling type, being a moderate-risk or problem gamblers was significantly more likely among the recent gamblers for landbased casino gambling, land-based electronic machine gambling, and for any sports betting, but less likely for online horse betting. In the present study, for most gambling types, the past-30-day gamblers either did not differ from past-year gamblers, or had a higher degree of gambling problems, such as for sports betting (as discussed above), landbased electronic gambling machines, or land-based casino. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic may have severe impact on mental health, and concerns have been raised about potentially increased online behavior and possibly increased gambling problems, such as in sports bettors at risk of transfer to even riskier forms of gambling during sports lock-down. Given the need for objective data about gambling behavior during the pandemic, the present analysis, from a project assessing online gambling in Sweden, aimed to study past-30-day gambling patterns in online gamblers in Sweden. The study, carried out in May, 2020, during the pandemic and its restrictions on society, included past-year online gamblers (N = 997). Past-30-day gambling for several gambling types was lower compared to a previous study in online gamblers in the same setting, while online non-sports gambling remained at high levels. Those reporting sports betting even during a period with decreased sports betting occasions proved to have markedly higher gambling problems. COVID-19 may alter gambling behaviors, and online gamblers who maintain or initiate gambling types theoretically reduced by the crisis may represent a group at particular risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101137/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568543 id: cord-337842-q03884i9 author: Iaboni, Andrea title: Achieving Safe, Effective and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults with Dementia in Nursing Homes. date: 2020-05-04 words: 1959.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337842-q03884i9.txt summary: As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Nursing homes that have not yet been impacted by COVID-19 have a narrow window of opportunity to prepare for the isolation of residents with dementia and front-line staff are now looking to their leadership and government bodies to help prepare to take these actions as safely and compassionately as possible Nursing home staff are experiencing moral distress due to the potential harms associated isolation of residents, as well as the severe consequences if these infection control measures are not effectively implemented. While international guidance has been consistent in recommending isolation of residents of nursing homes with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (1), none of these guidelines directly address the practical challenges faced when trying to isolate people with dementia effectively while maintaining their safety and human dignity. abstract: Nursing homes are facing the rapid spread of COVID-19 among residents and staff and are at the centre of the public health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As policy changes and interventions designed to support nursing homes are put into place, there are barriers to implementing a fundamental, highly effective element of infection control, namely the isolation of suspected or confirmed cases. Many nursing home residents have dementia, associated with impairments in memory, language, insight and judgment that impact their ability to understand and appreciate the necessity of isolation and to voluntarily comply with isolation procedures. While there is a clear ethical and legal basis for the involuntary confinement of people with dementia, the potential for unintended harm with these interventions is high, and there is little guidance for nursing homes on how to isolate safely, while maintaining the human dignity and personhood of the individual with dementia. In this commentary, we discuss strategies for effective, safe and compassionate isolation care planning, and present a case vignette of a person with dementia who is placed in quarantine on a dementia unit. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1064748120303262 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.025 id: cord-291809-b7sosrc7 author: Iacovoni, Attilio title: A case series of Novel-Coronavirus infection in heart transplantation from two centers in the pandemic area in the North of Italy date: 2020-06-26 words: 2482.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291809-b7sosrc7.txt summary: BACKGROUND Little is known about the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) in solid organ transplanted patients. (5) It has been speculated that 10 SARS-CoV-2 damages the host through two overlapping mechanisms, the first is the direct damage 11 of the virus itself, the second is an abnormal host response that may lead to a cytokine storm Aim of this study is to report a series of heart transplanted patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection 3 from two Heart Transplant Centers in the North of Italy describing clinical characteristics, 4 prognosis and the impact of COVID-19 on heart transplant programs. The high case fatality rate observed in heart transplanted patients may be due 3 to the characteristics of the cohort evaluated in the analysis. These characteristics may therefore explain the 12 higher incidence SARS-CoV-2 infection, the more severe clinical presentation and the higher 13 mortality rate in transplanted patients. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does 21 immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: BACKGROUND Little is known about the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) in solid organ transplanted patients. We here report a series of heart transplanted patients with COVID-19 from two centers of Italy. METHODS All heart transplanted patients of Transplant Centers of Bergamo and Torino with a microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Data collection included clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment and outcome. Follow-up was performed by visit or phone. RESULTS From February to March 2020 twenty-six heart transplanted patients (age 62±12 years; 77% males; time from transplant 10±10 years; 69% with comorbidities) had a microbiologically confirmed COVID-19. The most frequent symptom was fever, followed by cough. Seventeen patients had a pneumonia, 8 of them severe pneumonia. Seven patients died (27%) and 17 (65%) were hospitalized. Discontinuation of immunosuppression was associated with death (71 vs 21%, p=0.02). Conversely, all patients receiving steroids survived (p<0.001). Patients who received heart transplantation during COVID-19 outbreak survived and no acute graft rejection occurred. Patients who died were older than survivors, had a longer time from transplant and a worse clinical presentation at diagnosis. The current regimen enabled the prolonged survival and function of orthotopic cardiac xenografts in altogether 6 of 8 baboons, of which 4 were now added. These results exceed the threshold set by the Advisory Board of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has a significant impact on long term heart transplanted patients. Conversely, SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have a limited influence on more recent transplants. Our experience may suggest that heart transplantation programs can be maintained even during the pandemic phase if specific and tailored paths to prevent and to limit virus transmission are provided. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.016 doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.016 id: cord-328289-3h3kmjlz author: Iadecola, Costantino title: Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system date: 2020-08-19 words: 6524.0 sentences: 349.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328289-3h3kmjlz.txt summary: Another Parkinson''s disease patient with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, exhibited at autopsy, in addition to hypoxic-ischemic neuronal damage, microhemorrhages, white matter lesions and enlarged perivascular spaces, but no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain (Kantonen et al., 2020) . The encephalopathy is most likely a consequence of systemic factors, such as cytokine sickness, hypoxia and metabolic dysfunction due to peripheral organ failure, while the strokes seem to be related more to hypercoagulability and endothelial injury than to SARS-CoV-2 vasculitis affecting brain vessels. In some cases, the possibility of a SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis could not be ruled out based on the potential for the virus to infect neurons (Song et al., 2020) , but definitive clinical and pathological evidence of neurotropism is lacking. abstract: Summary Neurological complications have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Beside respiratory insufficiency, many hospitalized patients exhibit neurological manifestations, ranging from headache and loss of smell, to confusion and disabling strokes. COVID-19 is also anticipated to take a toll on the nervous system in the long term. Here we will provide a critical appraisal of the potential for neurotropism and mechanisms of neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as they relate to the acute and chronic neurological consequences of the infection. Finally, we will examine potential avenues for future research and therapeutic development. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0092867420310709 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.028 id: cord-354247-erzak928 author: Iain Pritchard, Roger title: Impact of Regulatory Changes on Pharmacist Delivered Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-15 words: 2340.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354247-erzak928.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354247-erzak928.txt summary: Summary: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has created a dramatic need for the rapid implementation of telehealth services in areas of the country where telehealth is limited in scope.1 This implementation would not be possible without significant changes in how the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provide reimbursement for these services. In 2019, CMS lifted some restrictions to telehealth and began reimbursing providers for services that utilized additional telecommunication approaches, which included virtual check-ins, remote evaluation of pre-recorded patient information, and interprofessional internet consultations. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CMS took action on March 17th to expand access to telehealth services through a waiver to Section 1135 of the Social Security Act which allows for temporary modifications to Medicare, Medicaid, and the Children''s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) during a national emergency. abstract: Summary: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has created a dramatic need for the rapid implementation of telehealth services in areas of the country where telehealth is limited in scope.1 This implementation would not be possible without significant changes in how the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provide reimbursement for these services. In this brief review we intend to evaluate what regulatory changes have occurred, the impact of these changes, and additional opportunities for outpatient pharmacists to receive compensation while providing distant healthcare. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1544319120302703 doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.06.004 id: cord-263945-yli5suxb author: Iancu, Gabriela Mariana title: Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report date: 2020-08-28 words: 2216.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263945-yli5suxb.txt summary: RATIONALE: The clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are mainly respiratory but the virus can cause a variety of symptoms. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously healthy woman who presented with respiratory symptoms and developed anosmia, diarrhea, and an erythematous maculo-papular rash on day 15 from symptom onset. [6] Pathogenetically, the appearance of cutaneous lesions during the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be explained by an immune response initiated by the viral nucleotides which activate Langerhans cells with the secondary involvement of keratinocytes (maculopapular, urticarial and chicken pox-like rashes), by microthrombi formation and cutaneous vasculopathy (chilblain lesions, livedo reticularis, erythema multiforme-like rash, gangrene), or by reaction to the medication administered (urticaria, erythroderma, erythema multiforme, etc.). [7, 8] We report a case of disseminated exanthema that appeared after 15 days of treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient without other medical and dermatological problems in the past. abstract: RATIONALE: The clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are mainly respiratory but the virus can cause a variety of symptoms. Dermatological findings are less well-characterized. Data is scarce on their timing, type and correlation with the immune response. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously healthy woman who presented with respiratory symptoms and developed anosmia, diarrhea, and an erythematous maculo-papular rash on day 15 from symptom onset. DIAGNOSIS: The nasopharyngeal swab tested by real time PCR for COVID-19 was positive. We interpreted this as a viral exanthema likely caused by an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleotides. INTERVENTIONS: She was treated with Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin and Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and the rash with topical corticosteroids. OUTCOMES: All symptoms resolved except for anosmia which persisted for 6 weeks. At the 4- and 6-weeks follow-up the IgG titers for SARS-CoV-2 were high. LESSONS: We must consider that SARS-CoV-2 has a multi-organ tropism. In our case, the SARS-CoV-2 infection had lung, nasopharyngeal, neurological, digestive, and skin manifestations. Identifying the different manifestations is useful for understanding the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We not only present a rare manifestation but also suggest that cutaneous manifestations may correlate with immunity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32871902/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021810 id: cord-331094-22366b81 author: Ianevski, Aleksandr title: Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-06-13 words: 6822.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331094-22366b81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331094-22366b81.txt summary: We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. After the initial screening, we identified apilimod, emetine, amodiaquine, obatoclax, homoharringtonine, salinomycin, arbidol, posaconazole and nelfinavir as compounds that rescued virus-infected cells from death (AUC from 285 to 585; Table S1 ). We next profiled transcriptional responses to nelfinavir, amodiaquine or both drugs in virus-or mock-infected Vero-E6 cells at 24 h. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of safe-in man broad-spectrum antivirals in Vero-E6 cells. Here, we found that combinations of nelfinavir with salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine or homoharringtonine were synergistic against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cells. Thus, the amodiaquine and nelfinavir combination could result in better efficacy and decreased toxicity for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and perhaps other viral infections. Transcriptomic analysis of mock-and SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero-E6 cells treated with nelfinavir, amodiaquine or both drugs. abstract: As of June 2020, the number of people infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to skyrocket, with more than 6.7 million cases worldwide. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) has highlighted the need for better control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, developing novel virus-specific vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 can be time-consuming and costly. Convalescent sera and safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAAs) are readily available treatment options. Here, we developed a neutralization assay using SARS-CoV-2 strain and Vero-E6 cells. We identified the most potent sera from recovered patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. We found that a combination of orally available virus-directed nelfinavir and host-directed amodiaquine exhibited the highest synergy. Finally, we developed a website to disseminate the knowledge on available and emerging treatments of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32545799/ doi: 10.3390/v12060642 id: cord-288843-zxv5vsro author: Ianiro, Gianluca title: Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel date: 2020-03-17 words: 1642.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288843-zxv5vsro.txt summary: As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread from China to other countries, governments and the medical community are taking steps to prevent transmission, from common sense recommendations to radical quarantine measures. 1 In that context, timely recommendations concerning the screening of donors of human cells, tissues, or cellular or tissue-based products have been released, as the potential for transmission of COVID-19 through transplant is not yet known. Last year, an international expert panel, including several authors of this Comment, released recommendations on how to screen faecal microbiota transplant donors, including a medical history and blood and stool examinations. Given the global COVID-19 outbreak, we, as an international group of experts in faecal microbiota transplantation and stool banking, believe that recommendations to update (at least temporarily) the screening of stool donors are urgently needed, as the risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 by faecal microbiota transplantation might be higher than that in other tissue transplants. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30082-0 doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30082-0 id: cord-348855-lnltoj1n author: Iannaccone, Giulia title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications date: 2020-06-29 words: 4669.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348855-lnltoj1n.txt summary: The exaggerated cytokine release in response to viral infection, a condition known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm, is emerging as the mechanism leading to ARDS and MOF in COVID-19, thus endorsing the hypothesis that properly timed anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies could improve patients'' clinical outcomes and prognosis. CS are the cornerstone of treatments for cytokine storms and macrophage activation syndrome in autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases [18] ; in the COVID-19 scenario they may be useful in the more severe forms of CRS to curb the systemic inflammatory response and prevent the occurrence of ARDS, if appropriately timed [10, 19] , 20]. Tocilizumab is now already included in many practice guidelines for COVID-19 management, especially for the treatment of critically ill patients with severe refractory hypoxemia in a later stage after the high-viral-load initial phase all over the world, while we wait for more definite data from multiple ongoing clinical trials [42] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged in Wuhan, Hubei-China, as responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and then spread rapidly worldwide. While most individuals remain asymptomatic or develop only mild symptoms, approximately 5% develop severe forms of COVID-19 characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple-organ failure (MOF) that usually require intensive-care support and often yield a poor prognosis. SUMMARY: The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is far from being completely understood, and the lack of effective treatments leads to a sense of urgency to develop new therapeutic strategies based on pathophysiological assumptions. The exaggerated cytokine release in response to viral infection, a condition known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm, is emerging as the mechanism leading to ARDS and MOF in COVID-19, thus endorsing the hypothesis that properly timed anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies could improve patients' clinical outcomes and prognosis. KEY MESSAGES: The objective of this article is to explore and comment on the potential role of the promising immunomodulatory therapies using pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to overcome the dysregulated proinflammatory response in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509483 doi: 10.1159/000509483 id: cord-328487-glwslgjy author: Iannaccone, Sandro title: ROLE OF REHABILITATION DEPARTMENT FOR ADULT COVID-19 PATIENTS: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL OF MILAN date: 2020-06-04 words: 1952.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328487-glwslgjy.txt summary: This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) 8 and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 9 patients. This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) 8 and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 9 patients. 4 After this first phase, the clinical care of patients was reorganized to provide, on one hand, better 5 treatment for acute patients, and, on the other hand, to better meet the rehabilitation needs of 6 post-COVID-19 patients to optimize home discharge. This report describes the experience of the 7 Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery Department of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) and 8 aims to identify barriers to the functional recovery of COVID-19 patients and to provide 9 suggestions for the set-up of a specialized clinical standard procedure flow for the rehabilitation of 10 these patients. abstract: Abstract The rapid evolution of the health emergency linked to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 requires specifications for the rehabilitative management of COVID-19 patients. The symptomatic evolution of COVID-19 patients is characterized by two phases: an acute phase in which respiratory symptoms prevail, and a post-acute phase in which patients can show symptoms related to prolonged immobilization, to previous and current respiratory dysfunctions as well as cognitive and emotional disorders. There is thus the need for specialized rehabilitative care for these patients. This communication reports the experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan (Italy) and recommends the set-up of specialized clinical pathways for the rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. In this hospital, between February 1st and March 2nd 2020, about 50 patients were admitted every day with COVID-19 symptoms. In those days, about 400 acute care beds were created (Intensive Care/Infectious Diseases). In the following 30 days, from March 2nd to mid-April, despite the presence of 60 daily arrivals to the ER, the organization of patient flow between different wards was modified and several different units were created based on a more accurate integration of patients’ needs. According to this new organization, patients were admitted first to acute care COVID-19 units, and then to COVID-19 rehabilitation units, post-COVID-19 rehabilitation units and/or quarantine/observation units. After hospital discharge, telemedicine was used to follow-up with patients at home. Such clinical pathways should each involve dedicated multidisciplinary teams composed of pulmonologists, physiatrists, neurologists, cardiologists, physiotherapists, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists and nutritionists. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0003999320303658 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.015 id: cord-349408-2ser9zjc author: Iannuzzi, Nicholas P. title: An Orthopaedic Department’s Response to the COVID-19 Health-Care Crisis: Indirect and Direct Actions with Thoughts for the Future date: 2020-05-05 words: 2255.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349408-2ser9zjc.txt summary: Cancelling elective procedures and rescheduling nonurgent outpatient clinic visits create a cascade of effects on the health-care system-limiting interpersonal interactions, preserving bed capacity and personal protective equipment (PPE), and allowing staff to be redeployed to best confront the COVID-19 crisis. Direct actions that our orthopaedic surgery department has taken to address this nontraumatic health-care crisis include increasing telehealth capabilities, providing more efficient consultative care to emergency departments (EDs), and helping to direct patients with traumatic injuries toward hospitals that are not overburdened by the management of patients with COVID-19. While the above steps represent indirect and direct actions that orthopaedic providers may take in order to help confront the COVID-19-related health-care crisis, additional steps can be considered by hospital administrators and medical directors in order to help address this challenge. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.20.00611 doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00611 id: cord-319278-d0rgrmd2 author: Iavarone, Massimo title: Authors’ reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 633.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319278-d0rgrmd2.txt summary: title: Authors'' reply on HIGH RATES OF 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND COVID-19 So far, no studies have been able to enrol significantly larger cohorts of COVID-19 cirrhotics, although data are warranted in order to better characterize the natural history of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in this setting. In fact, a single study conducted in North America enrolling 37 patients has confirmed the high mortality rates of patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19, whilst an ongoing international registry has shown a mortality risk similar to ours in the 103 patients with cirrhosis 2, 3 Gao et al raised some concerns regarding the statistical analysis used to predict mortality, suggesting to perform a logistic regression analysis. High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: Preliminary results from an international registry abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32771429/ doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.08.001 id: cord-273426-55vu6b3u author: Iba, Toshiaki title: Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-26 words: 4536.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273426-55vu6b3u.txt summary: Conclusions: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/ coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. Conclusions: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/ coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. (Crit Care Med 2020; XX:00-00) Key Words: coagulopathy; coronavirus; coronavirus disease 2019; disseminated intravascular coagulation; hypercoagulability; thromboembolism I ncreasing communications worldwide have reported that hospitalized, critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are frequently developing laboratory abnormalities compatible with hypercoagulability and clinically a high prevalence of thromboembolic events (1). abstract: Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of thrombotic events in coronavirus disease 2019. However, the significance of thromboembolic complications has not been widely appreciated. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge of this serious problem. DESIGN: Narrative review. DATA SOURCES: Online search of published medical literature through PubMed using the term “COVID-19,” “SARS,” “acute respiratory distress syndrome,” “coronavirus,” “coagulopathy,” “thrombus,” and “anticoagulants.” STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance to coagulopathy and thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019, and anticoagulant therapy. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a strikingly high prevalence of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism that may contribute to respiratory deterioration. Monitoring coagulation variables is important, as abnormal coagulation tests are related to adverse outcomes and may necessitate adjuvant antithrombotic interventions. In the initial phase of the infection, d-dimer and fibrinogen levels are increased, while activated partial prothrombin time, prothrombin time, and platelet counts are often relatively normal. Increased d-dimer levels three times the upper limit of normal may trigger screening for venous thromboembolism. In all hospitalized patients, thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin is currently recommended. The etiology of the procoagulant responses is complex and thought to be a result of specific interactions between host defense mechanisms and the coagulation system. Although the coagulopathy is reminiscent of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy, it has features that are markedly distinct from these entities. CONCLUSIONS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. d-dimers and fibrinogen levels should be monitored, and all hospitalized patients should undergo thromboembolism prophylaxis with an increase in therapeutic anticoagulation in certain clinical situations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32467443/ doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004458 id: cord-312684-3i2r2ahr author: Iba, Toshiaki title: Coagulopathy in COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 3630.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312684-3i2r2ahr.txt summary: For example, the coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 (SARS-CoV-1) were reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia (55%), thrombocytosis (49%), and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (63%), but the incidence of bleeding was not high [5, 6] . In this respect, Chinese experts noted that in severe cases, patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with coagulation predominant-type coagulopathy [9] . The excess production of proinflammatory cytokines, increased levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the stimulation of cell-death mechanisms and vascular endothelial damage are the major causes of coagulation disorder in any severe infection (Fig. 1) . The major targets of the SARS-CoV-2 are the lung epithelial cell, lymphocyte, and the vascular endothelial cell, and these findings can explain that the clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 is characterized by ARDS, shock, and coagulopathy [12, 47] . abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has become an urgent issue in every country. Based on recent reports, the most severely ill patients present with coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)‐like massive intravascular clot formation is frequently seen in this cohort. Therefore, coagulation tests may be considered useful to discriminate severe cases of COVID‐19. The clinical presentation of COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy is organ dysfunction primarily, while hemorrhagic events are less frequent. Changes in hemostatic biomarkers represented by increase in D‐dimer and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products indicate the essence of coagulopathy is massive fibrin formation. In comparison with bacterial‐sepsis‐associated coagulopathy/DIC, prolongation of prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time, and decrease in antithrombin activity is less frequent and thrombocytopenia is relatively uncommon in COVID‐19. The mechanisms of the coagulopathy are not fully elucidated, however. It is speculated that the dysregulated immune responses orchestrated by inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte cell‐death, hypoxia, and endothelial damage are involved. Bleeding tendency is uncommon, but the incidence of thrombosis in COVID‐19 and the adequacy of current recommendations regarding standard venous thromboembolic dosing are uncertain. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32558075/ doi: 10.1111/jth.14975 id: cord-268827-qwcbvtna author: Ibanez, Agustin title: COVID-19 in older people with cognitive impairment in Latin America date: 2020-08-18 words: 1465.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268827-qwcbvtna.txt summary: 9 If SARS-CoV-2 can impair proteostasis through ORF8 binding and cause dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum protein traffick ing, then α-synuclein could aggregate uncontrollably. The COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and Caribbean countries (LACs) has failed to capture the attention exiguous. 7 Many hospitals in LACs have inadequate protective equipment and there is scarce support for health-care workers who become sick. implemented control measures, is third highest among LACs. The public health conditions in these countries are complex and pose unique challenges; one underlying explanation for the surge in cases might be a large informal economy, in which workers need to leave their house every day to clean other households or to stand, for instance, at crowded traffic corners to sell their goods or shine shoes. For instance, with 20% of over 11 000 health workers in Mexico ill with COVID-19-one of the highest rates in the world-hospital staffing is and attract the resources necessary to control it. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474442220302702 doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30270-2 id: cord-328104-triub2h6 author: Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title: Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date: 2020-09-26 words: 2624.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328104-triub2h6.txt summary: Documentation and comparison fatality rate of COVID 19 pandemic across different countries could assist in illustrating the strength of this pandemic, speed spreading and risk area which infected of this disease. The virus causes a range of the symptoms, from fever, coughs, sore throats, headaches with difficulty in breathing and sometimes death more severe cases [1] , [2] , COVID-19 spreads by droplets of saliva from the nose and mouth of an infected person to healthy contacts. Moreover, a real time mathematical model has been carried out to detect fatality rate of severe cases of COVID-19 [16] . In this research, we conducted a study to calculate the fatality rate for the period between 27 th March and 27 th May, 2020 across different countries (USA, Spain, Italy, Iraq, Iran, Uzbekistan, Egypt and Australia) based on the data which were collected from [17] . abstract: One of the significant parameters that helps in the reporting the highest risk areas, which have COVID 19 pandemic is case fatality rate (CFR). In this work, automated analysis was carried out to evaluate fatality rate (CFR) across different countries. Furthermore, a state of art algorithm is proposed to estimate CFR and it is possible to make it applicable in the mobile phone. This application will enable us to monitor the status level of the patients (suspected, exposed and infected) to save time , efforts and get a high quailty of the recordings. All data were obtained from (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) and pointed at the period between 27th March and 27th May, 2020. Results present Spain and Egypt have a highest score of the fatality rate (approximately 24%) compared with previous research, which Italy was the highest score of the case fatality rate (CFR). On the other hand, Australia has had the lowest of the (CFR) in the current and previous researches. Furthermore, Spain has the highest percentage score of the total active cases and death rate: 0.41% and 0.00073% respectively. Documentation and comparison fatality rate of COVID 19 pandemic across different countries could assist in illustrating the strength of this pandemic, speed spreading and risk area which infected of this disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S111001682030483X doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.09.027 id: cord-355173-rnley2ow author: Ibrahim, R. R. title: Forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria using Box-Jenkins Modeling Procedure date: 2020-05-08 words: 3755.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355173-rnley2ow.txt summary: To study the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020, Zhu et al., (2020) generated the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases using data from National Health Commission. Using mathematical and statistical models as described in other studies above, study of the trend of the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria can provide critical information for responding to outbreaks and understanding the impact of strategies employed by the government in containing the spread of the disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101 As shown in Figure 3 , the daily spread data from April 26 to May 5, 2020, were predicted using the ARIMA(1,1,0) model based on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria from February 27 to April 26, 2020, the results of which suggested that the predicted values fitted well with the actual values. abstract: Abstract Objective: This study is focused on the analysis of the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria, applying statistical models and available data from the NCDC. We present an insight into the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria in order to establish a suitable prediction model, which can be applied as a decisionsupportive tool for assigning health interventions and mitigating the spread of the Covid19 infection. Methodology: Daily spread data from February 27 to April 26, 2020, were collected to construct the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model using the R software. Stability analysis and stationarity test, parameter test, and model diagnostic were also carried out. Finally, the fitting, selection and prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model was evaluated using the AICc model selection criteria. Results: The ARIMA (1,1,0) model was finally selected among ARIMA models based upon the parameter test and Box Ljung test. A ten day forecast was also made from the model, which shows a steep upward trend of the spread of the COVID19 in Nigeria within the selected time frame. Conclusion: Federal Government of Nigeria through the presidential task force can apply the forecasted trend of much more spread to make more informed decisions on the additional measures in place to curb the spread of the virus. Application of the model can also assist in studying the effectiveness of the lockdown on the on the spread of Covid19 in Nigeria. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20091686v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091686 id: cord-331109-a8e7r80d author: Ibrahim, Yassmin S. title: Case Report: Paralytic Ileus: A Potential Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-31 words: 2354.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331109-a8e7r80d.txt summary: We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by paralytic ileus. Several authors have postulated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the host receptors for COVID-19, that are present on enterocytes in both the small and large bowel might mediate viral entry and resultant inflammation. We describe two cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed paralytic ileus during their disease course, which may represent one of the luminal manifestations of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. 7 A review of 29 studies noted that 12% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection had gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. In conclusion, we report paralytic small and large bowel ileus as a complication of COVID-19. The added value of the present case report is the detailed histopathological evidence supporting a role for COVID-19-induced micro-thrombosis, thereby compromising microcirculatory function and resultant colonic bowel dilatation and perforation in the first patient. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has recently spread worldwide, presenting primarily in the form of pneumonia or other respiratory disease. In addition, gastrointestinal manifestations have increasingly been reported as one of the extrapulmonary features of the virus. We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by paralytic ileus. The first patient was a 33-year-old man who was hospitalized with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring ventilator support and intensive care. He developed large bowel dilatation and perforation of the mid-transverse colon, and underwent laparotomy and colonic resection. Histopathology of the resected bowel specimen showed acute inflammation, necrosis, and hemorrhage, supporting a role for COVID-19–induced micro-thrombosis leading to perforation. The second patient was a 33-year-old man who had severe COVID-19 pneumonia, renal failure, and acute pancreatitis. His hospital course was complicated with paralytic ileus, and he improved with conservative management. Both cases were observed to have elevated liver transaminases, which is consistent with other studies. Several authors have postulated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, the host receptors for COVID-19, that are present on enterocytes in both the small and large bowel might mediate viral entry and resultant inflammation. This is a potential mechanism of paralytic ileus in cases of severe COVID-19 infection. Recognizing paralytic ileus as a possible complication necessitates timely diagnosis and management. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0894 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0894 id: cord-268453-87b298uk author: Ibáñez, Sebastián title: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy? date: 2020-06-03 words: 3500.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt summary: In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). HCQ was, in vitro, at least as effective as chloroquine in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection, although it should be noted that studies on its mechanisms of action are not as extensive as with CQ [30] . The evidence for the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in COVID-19 is not good so far, not only because of the negative results of most of the studies but also because of their design, when publishing results of a very low number of patients, when reporting favorable results but without having a control group that allows comparison, when choosing results for which it will be very difficult to find significant differences, such as mortality, or for which their clinical relevance is uncertain. abstract: The pandemic of the new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has urged the nations to an unprecedented world-wide reaction, including an accelerated exploration of therapeutic options. In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are among the proposed drugs and are the most widely used so far, despite the lack of robust evidence on their usefulness. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the possible role of these drugs in the therapy of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495226/ doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05202-4 id: cord-351776-otx5qwyu author: Ibáñez-Samaniego, Luis title: Elevation of Liver Fibrosis Index FIB-4 Is Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 words: 3896.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351776-otx5qwyu.txt summary: In this study, we evaluated the association between FIB-4, a liver fibrosis index, and the risk of progression to critical illness in middle-aged patients with COVID-19. To overcome this problem, we analyzed our data in different ways: (1) we retrieved available information on blood test done within 6 months before COVID-19 diagnosis in a relatively small number of patients (15% of the total series): at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, AST and ALT increased significantly while platelets remained stable as compared with previous values; however, there were no significant changes in FIB-4 categories; (2) we evaluated specifically the prognostic value of isolated baseline AST: in contrast to previous reports, AST was not an independent predictor either at univariate level or when adjusted by other clinical and laboratory covariates; and (3) finally, we evaluated specifically the association between the elevation of AST (ie, AST above the upper limit of normality) and the need for MV, which identified that AST elevation was an independent risk factor. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a potentially severe disease caused by the recently described SARS-CoV-2. Whether liver fibrosis might be a relevant player in the natural history of COVID-19 is currently unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between FIB-4 and the risk of progression to critical illness in middle-aged patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective study with prospective follow-up of 160 patients aged 35–65 years with COVID-19, FIB-4, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected at baseline. FIB-4 ≥2.67 defined patients with risk for advanced liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Risk for advanced fibrosis was estimated in 28.1% of patients. Patients with FIB-4 ≥2.67 more frequently required mechanical ventilation (37.8% vs 18.3%; P = .009). In multivariate analysis, FIB-4 ≥2.67 (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–8.92), cardiovascular risk factors (OR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.90–13.39), previous respiratory diseases (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.36–15.10), and C-reactive protein (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02) increased significantly the risk of ICU admission. Bootstrap confirmed FIB-4 as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: In middle-aged patients with COVID-19, FIB-4 may have a prognostic role. The link between liver fibrosis and the natural history of COVID-19 should be evaluated in future studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563190/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa355 id: cord-276834-20lcihf4 author: Idilman, Ilkay S. title: Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy date: 2020-08-29 words: 4508.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276834-20lcihf4.txt summary: title: Lung and kidney perfusion deficits diagnosed by dual-energy computed tomography in patients with COVID-19-related systemic microangiopathy We evaluated lung and kidney perfusion abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and investigated the role of perfusion abnormalities on disease severity as a sign of microvascular obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: We found that a large proportion of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 had PDs in their lungs and kidneys, which may be suggestive of the presence of systemic microangiopathy with micro-thrombosis. KEY POINTS: • Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, associated with disease severity, can be detected by pulmonary DECT. Here, we aimed to evaluate lung and kidney perfusion abnormalities in COVID-19 patients by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and to investigate the role of perfusion abnormalities on disease severity as a sign of microvascular obstruction. Perfused blood volume (PBV) images and iodine maps were generated using DECT post-processing software ("Lung PBV" and "Virtual unenhanced" in syngo Dual Energy; Siemens Healthineers) on a dedicated workstation. abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is increasing evidence that thrombotic events occur in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We evaluated lung and kidney perfusion abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and investigated the role of perfusion abnormalities on disease severity as a sign of microvascular obstruction. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with COVID-19 who underwent pulmonary DECT angiography and were suspected of having pulmonary thromboembolism were included. Pulmonary and kidney images were reviewed. Patient characteristics and laboratory findings were compared between those with and without lung perfusion deficits (PDs). RESULTS: DECT images showed PDs in eight patients (25.8%), which were not overlapping with areas of ground-glass opacity or consolidation. Among these patients, two had pulmonary thromboembolism confirmed by CT angiography. Patients with PDs had a longer hospital stay (p = 0.14), higher intensive care unit admission rates (p = 0.02), and more severe disease (p = 0.01). In the PD group, serum ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase, fibrinogen, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and troponin levels were significantly higher, whereas albumin level was lower (p < 0.05). D-dimer levels ≥ 0.485 μg/L predicted PD with 100% specificity and 87% sensitivity. Renal iodine maps showed heterogeneous enhancement consistent with perfusion abnormalities in 13 patients (50%) with lower sodium levels (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: We found that a large proportion of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 had PDs in their lungs and kidneys, which may be suggestive of the presence of systemic microangiopathy with micro-thrombosis. These findings help in understanding the physiology of hypoxemia and may have implications in the management of patients with COVID-19, such as early indications of thromboprophylaxis or anticoagulants and optimizing oxygenation strategies. KEY POINTS: • Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in COVID-19 patients, associated with disease severity, can be detected by pulmonary DECT. • A cutoff value of 0.485 μg/L for D-dimer plasma levels predicted lung perfusion deficits with 100% specificity and 87% sensitivity (AUROC, 0.957). • Perfusion abnormalities in the kidney are suggestive of a subclinical systemic microvascular obstruction in these patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07155-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07155-3 doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07155-3 id: cord-309095-ka9abe0c author: Idoiaga, Nahia title: Exploring Children’s Social and Emotional Representations of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-12 words: 6400.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309095-ka9abe0c.txt summary: These results indicate the need for governments to also consider children in their management of the current situation by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects that they may suffer as a consequence of the pandemic and the lockdown. Thus, the main goal of this article is to study how children understand or represent the COVID-19, while observing their emotional response to the coronavirus pandemic in Spain. Amid the current COVID-19 crisis, research from China suggests that resilience should be nurtured by public health programs implemented by healthcare professionals, schools, and families in order to help children to overcome conditions of distress, and prospectively provide them with emotional and psychological support (Pettoello-Mantovani et al., 2019; Dalton et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020) Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org Further, given the results of our lexical similarity analysis, it is worth noting that we again observed the appearance of the emotions of fear, nervousness, sadness, happiness, calmness, boredom, and anger. abstract: COVID-19, a new emerging infectious disease (EID), has spread throughout the world, including Europe. Spain, in particular, has witnessed a significant outbreak of the pandemic. All classes have been canceled, and the government has declared a state of emergency, ordering the lockdown and confinement of the entire population. All children in the country have been confined to their homes since March 13 and are not allowed to leave at any time. This population is thus facing the harshest restrictions. Given the vulnerable situation of children, the aim of this research is to understand how they represent and emotionally cope with the COVID-19 crisis. A free association exercise elicited by the word “coronavirus” was completed by 228 children (age range: 3–12 years) from the North of Spain. To analyze the content, we employed the Reinert method with Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. The results revealed that children represent the COVID-19 as an enemy that is being fought by the doctors. Children are afraid and worried about catching the virus, but mainly because they think they can infect their grandparents, and this makes them feel guilty. Moreover, the lockdown situation has produced conflicting emotions in the children. On the one hand, they are scared, nervous, lonely, sad, bored, and angry, but they also feel safe, calm, and happy with their families. These results indicate the need for governments to also consider children in their management of the current situation by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects that they may suffer as a consequence of the pandemic and the lockdown. In short, there is a need to address the psychological, educational, social, health, and well-being needs of children. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01952 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01952 id: cord-337530-qgv29qql author: Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati title: Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco date: 2020-08-12 words: 2813.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt summary: • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Variables with P ≤ 0.20 on univariate analysis were taken into account in the multivariate logistic regression model to assess the potential factors influencing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown stage. Accurate beliefs about sleep prevent respondents from insomnia (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depressive symptoms (p<0.001) ( Table 3 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in Morocco was 18.6%, 4.5%, and 4.5%, respectively [19, 20, 21] . In China, the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public during the lockdown period were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively [22] . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey abstract: • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. • False believes on sleep concepts were assessed. • Such false believes were presenting a risk factor of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. • A program of sensitization should be initiated to fight against false sleep beliefs. • Valuing protection procedures of health workers and all high-risk people. • Offer better access to provided psychological support through dedicated setup. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045 id: cord-253918-8g3erth8 author: Ienca, Marcello title: On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 words: 1422.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253918-8g3erth8.txt summary: However, during those recent epidemics, the large-scale collection of mobile data from millions of users-especially call-data records and social-media reports-also raised privacy and data-protection concerns. In Italy, the European country recording the largest number of COVID-19 cases, the local data-protection authority was urged, on 2 March 2 2020, to issue a statement to clarify the conditions of lawful data use for mitigation and containment purposes. As big data will be critical for managing the COVID-19 pandemic in today''s digital world, the conditions for responsible data collection and processing at a global scale must be clear. We argue that the use of digitally available data and algorithms for prediction and surveillancee.g., identifying people who have traveled to areas where the disease has spread or tracing and isolating the contacts of infected people-is of paramount importance in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Large-scale collection of data could help curb the COVID-19 pandemic, but it should not neglect privacy and public trust. Best practices should be identified to maintain responsible data-collection and data-processing standards at a global scale. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0832-5 doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0832-5 id: cord-269900-7mzyib4r author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite date: 2020-04-10 words: 3446.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269900-7mzyib4r.txt summary: All the staff of the angiographic suite must use personal protective equipment (PPE), according to accepted infectious disease and epidemiology guidelines. Geographic isolation of COVID-19 positive patients should occur in designated suites only, in order to minimize different room exposures and familiarize cleaning staff with the same rooms. When carrying out these procedures on Covid-19 patients, the WHO recommends N95 or FFP2 standard masks or equivalent, and gowns, gloves, eye protection, aprons and shoe covers [4, 6] . According to the internal guidelines of our hospital, all staff members and every person operating in the same room as a positive or suspected COVID-19 patient have to wear N95 or FFP2 masks. To minimize the in and out movement from the potentially contaminated room, the staff must remain close to the angiographic table with PPE and sterile equipment. Strict attention to probe cover removal is required post-procedure (with full PPE and eye protection) to avoid contamination. abstract: This is a single-center report on coordination of staff and handling of patients during the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a region with high incidence and prevalence of disease. The selection of procedures for interventional radiology (IR), preparation of staff and interventional suite before the arrival of patients, the facility ventilation systems and intra- and post-procedural workflow optimization are described. The control measures described may increase the cost of the equipment, prolong procedural times and increase technical difficulties. However, these precautions may help control the spread of COVID-19 within the healthcare facility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277272/ doi: 10.1007/s00270-020-02476-8 id: cord-343382-3pzvirdg author: Ierardi, Anna Maria title: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization date: 2020-10-01 words: 625.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343382-3pzvirdg.txt summary: title: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhages in Patients With COVID-19 Managed With Transarterial Embolization Anticoagulants have therefore become part of the medical therapy in hospitalized patients, and this may increase the risk of spontaneous bleeding. We describe the technical and clinical success as well as the safety profile of transarterial embolization (TAE) in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) bleedings in patients with COVID-19. Clinical success was defined as the achievement of hemostasis, associated with hemodynamic stability, without rebleeding or related mortality within 30 days after embolization. Recently, other cases of GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 have been reported (4) . TAE in the management of GI bleedings is feasible, safe, and effective even in patients with COVID-19. Heparin-related major bleeding in covid-19-positive patient: Perspective from the outbreak Spontaneous bleedings in COVID-19 patients: An emerging complication Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000978 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000978 id: cord-298679-w0yp4u19 author: Iftimie, Simona title: Risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prospective, longitudinal, unicenter study in Reus, Spain date: 2020-09-03 words: 3587.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298679-w0yp4u19.txt summary: Logistic regression analyses showed that fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer were the variables that showed independent and statistically significant associations with mortality. This is one of the first studies to describe the factors associated with mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain, and one of the few in the Mediterranean area. The objective of the present study has been to characterize our patients'' epidemiology and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality for this disease in our geographical area. Logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer were the only variables that showed an independent and statistically significant association with mortality when they were adjusted for differences in age, gender, smoking status and alcohol intake (Tables 2 and 3) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: Spain is one of the countries that has suffered the most from the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the strain that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is a lack of information on the characteristics of this disease in the Spanish population. The objective of this study has been to characterize our patients from an epidemiological point of view and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality in our geographical area. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study on 188 hospitalized cases of SARS-Cov-2 infection in Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, in Reus, Spain, admitted between 15(th) March 2020 and 30(th) April 2020. We recorded demographic data, signs and symptoms and comorbidities. We also calculated the Charlson and McCabe indices. A total of 43 deaths occurred during the study period. Deceased patients were older than the survivors (77.7 ± 13.1 vs. 62.8 ± 18.4 years; p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that fever, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diabetes mellitus and cancer were the variables that showed independent and statistically significant associations with mortality. The Charlson index was more efficient than the McCabe index in discriminating between deceased and survivors. This is one of the first studies to describe the factors associated with mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Spain, and one of the few in the Mediterranean area. We identified the main factors independently associated with mortality in our population. Further studies are needed to complete and confirm our findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234452 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234452 id: cord-306177-5wefp31y author: Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso title: Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants date: 2020-09-12 words: 4804.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306177-5wefp31y.txt summary: e Unites States Food and Drug Administration-(USFDA-) approved drugs [26] , drugbank [27, 28] , traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese and natural medicine [20, [28] [29] [30] [31] , dark chemical matter, and fooDB [25] are some of the ZINC database subsets that have been rigourously screened for molecules to combat SARS-CoV-2 with main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as the major therapeutic targets. Hence, this study analysed a plethora of natural products (NPs) from African medicinal plants with known bioactivities in human as therapeutic candidates targeting and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis, replication, structural protein function, and host-specific receptors/enzymes. In the course of drug discovery, structure-based virtual screening is a computational approach utilised to identify promising novel small chemical ligands from curated chemical compound databases with potential activity against drug targets [48] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly over the world with no known antiviral therapy or vaccine. Interestingly, traditional Chinese medicine helped in flattening the pandemic curve in China. In this study, molecules from African medicinal plants were analysed as potential candidates against multiple SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets. Sixty-five molecules from the ZINC database subset (AfroDb Natural Products) were virtually screened with some reported repurposed therapeutics against six SARS-CoV-2 and two human targets. Molecular docking, druglikeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the best hits were further simulated. Of the 65 compounds, only three, namely, 3-galloylcatechin, proanthocyanidin B1, and luteolin 7-galactoside found in almond (Terminalia catappa), grape (Vitis vinifera), and common verbena (Verbena officinalis), were able to bind to all eight targets better than the reported repurposed drugs. The findings suggest these molecules may play a role as therapeutic leads in tackling this pandemic due to their multitarget activity. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1878410 doi: 10.1155/2020/1878410 id: cord-316157-7nci4q1q author: Iheduru‐Anderson, Kechi title: Reflections on the lived experience of working with limited personal protective equipment during the COVID‐19 crisis date: 2020-10-03 words: 6116.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316157-7nci4q1q.txt summary: This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Existing studies have focused on hospital preparation, availability of resources, and the safety of patients (Barbisch & Koenig, 2006; Karabacak, Ozturk, & Bahcecik, 2011; Ruchlewska et al., 2014; Tzeng & Yin, 2008) , the education of hospital staff (Powers, 2007) , emergency room nurses'' description and management during a crisis (Vasli and Dehghan-Nayeri, 2016) , and the psychological impact of disease outbreaks on hospital workers (Sun et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2009; Yin & Zeng, 2020) . The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of acute care nurses working on the frontline during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Descriptive phenomenology was chosen as the design for the current study because it explored and described the participants'' everyday experiences as they lived them while working with limited PPE on the frontline of the 2020 COVID-19 crisis. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has placed significant strain on United States’ health care and health care providers. While most Americans were sheltering in place, nurses headed to work. Many lacked adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), increasing the risk of becoming infected or infecting others. Some health care organizations were not transparent with their nurses; many nurses were gagged from speaking up about the conditions in their workplaces. This study used a descriptive phenomenological design to describe the lived experience of acute care nurses working with limited access to PPE during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 28 acute care nurses via telephone, WebEx, and Zoom. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The major theme, emotional roller coaster, describes the varied intense emotions the nurses experienced during the early weeks of the pandemic, encompassing eight subthemes: scared and afraid, sense of isolation, anger, betrayal, overwhelmed and exhausted, grief, helpless and at a loss, and denial. Other themes include: self‐care, ‘hoping for the best’, ‘nurses are not invincible’, and ‘I feel lucky’. The high levels of stress and mental assault resulting from the COVID‐19 crisis call for early stress assessment of nurses and provision of psychological intervention to mitigate lasting psychological trauma. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010197/ doi: 10.1111/nin.12382 id: cord-284498-54j6ys8s author: Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah title: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities date: 2020-10-16 words: 5702.0 sentences: 398.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt summary: Some of the significant challenges and research opportunities are the development of standard techniques for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in the water phase, assessment of favorable environments for its survival and decay in water; and development of effective strategies for elimination of the novel virus from water. Development of effective standard techniques for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in water, assessment of the existing water purification technologies and development of novel advanced water treatment systems are major challenges and open research opportunities. Furthermore, careful surveillance of water and wastewater to be used as an early warning tool for such outbreaks in future, understanding the survival and decay mechanism of the novel virus in water and wastewater, analysis of potential pathways of SARS-CoV-2 into water bodies are other potential research opportunities for environmental researchers [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed enormous health, social, environmental and economic challenges to the entire human population. Nevertheless, it provides an opportunity for extensive research in various fields to evaluate the fate of the crisis and combat it. The apparent need for imperative research in the biological and medical field is the focus of researchers and scientists worldwide. However, there are some new challenges and research opportunities in the field of water and wastewater treatment concerning the novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article briefly summarizes the latest literature reporting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in water and wastewater/sewage. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges, potential opportunities and research directions in the water and wastewater treatment field. Some of the significant challenges and research opportunities are the development of standard techniques for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in the water phase, assessment of favorable environments for its survival and decay in water; and development of effective strategies for elimination of the novel virus from water. Advancement in research in this domain will help to protect the environment, human health, and managing this type of pandemic in the future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214714420306127 doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101735 id: cord-348803-2lix3a0u author: Ikemura, K. title: Using Automated-Machine Learning to Predict COVID-19 Patient Survival: Identify Influential Biomarkers date: 2020-10-14 words: 3789.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348803-2lix3a0u.txt summary: In this study, we used automated machine learning (autoML) to develop and compare between multiple machine learning (ML) models that predict the chance of patient survival from COVID-19 infection and identified the best-performing model. Conclusions: By using autoML, we developed high-performing models that predict patient mortality from COVID-19 infection. In this study, we aimed to find the most important prognostic biomarkers and develop a COVID-19 mortality risk assessment tool using automated machine learning (autoML). We assigned the autoML to generate 20 machine learning models and rank them in order of performance by AUCPR on the remaining 20% of the dataset (859 patients, test set). After the two Stacked Ensemble models ranked GBM and XGBoost models with AUCPR of 0.830 and 0.825, respectively ( preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted October 14, 2020. We generated high-performing ML models that predicts mortality of COVID-19 infected patients using autoML. abstract: Background: In a pandemic, it is important for clinicians to stratify patients and decide who receives limited medical resources. In this study, we used automated machine learning (autoML) to develop and compare between multiple machine learning (ML) models that predict the chance of patient survival from COVID-19 infection and identified the best-performing model. In addition, we investigated which biomarkers are the most influential in generating an accurate model. We believe an ML model such as this could be a useful tool for clinicians stratifying hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients. Methods: The data was retrospectively collected from Clinical Looking Glass (CLG) on all patients testing positive for COVID-19 through a nasopharyngeal specimen by real-time RT-PCR and admitted between 3/1/2020-7/3/2020 (4376 patients) at our institution. We collected 47 biomarkers from each patient within 36 hours before or after the index time: RT-PCR positivity, and tracked whether a patient survived or not for one month following this time. We utilized the autoML from H2O.ai, an open source package for R language. The autoML generated 20 ML models and ranked them by area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) on the test set. We selected the best model (model_var_47) and chose a threshold probability that maximized F2 score to make a binary classifier: dead or alive. Subsequently, we ranked the relative importance of variables that generated model_var_47 and chose the 10 most influential variables. Next, we reran the autoML with these 10 variables and likewise selected the model with the best AUCPR on the test set (model_var_10). Again, threshold probability that maximized F2 score for model_var_10 was chosen to make a binary classifier. We calculated and compared the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predicate value (PPV) for model_var_10 and model_var_47. Results: The best model that autoML generated using all 47 variables was the stacked ensemble model of all models (AUCPR = 0.836). The most influential variables were: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, troponin, and glucose. When the autoML was retrained with these 10 most important variables, it did not significantly affect the performance (AUCPR= 0.828). For the binary classifiers, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of model_var_47 was 83.6%, 87.7%, and 69.8% respectively, while for model_var_10 they were 90.9%, 71.1%, and 51.8% respectively. Conclusions: By using autoML, we developed high-performing models that predict patient mortality from COVID-19 infection. In addition, we identified the most important biomarkers correlated with mortality. This ML model can be used as a decision supporting tool for medical practitioners to efficiently triage COVID-19 infected patients. From our literature review, this will be the largest COVID-19 patient cohort to train ML models and the first to utilize autoML. The COVID-19 survival calculator based on this study can be found at https://www.tsubomitech.com/. Keywords: Automated machine learning; COVID-19; Biomarkers; Ranking; Decision support tool. Corresponding author: Kenji Ikemura (kikemura@montefiore.org) url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.12.20211086v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211086 id: cord-291244-o4isx15k author: Ikuyama, Yuichi title: Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report date: 2020-05-31 words: 2382.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291244-o4isx15k.txt summary: Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. Here, we report the clinical course of a patient with a severe case of COVID-19 complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We report the patient''s response to intensive care, including invasive ventilation in the early stage of the illness and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and glucocorticoid therapies as the illness progressed. In this case, ECMO showed great effectiveness 13 in treating the patient''s rapidly deteriorating respiratory status due to pneumonia. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study • A critical case of 76-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia.• No significant clinical benefits of lopinavir-ritonavir and peramivir treatment.• The pneumonia rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome.• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from illness day 21 to 31 lead to recovery. abstract: A public health emergency of current international concern is the outbreak of a severe respiratory illness, that is, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The disease initially started in Wuhan, China, and it rapidly spread to most regions of the world. Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. We describe the patient's clinical course, from mild symptoms at the time of illness onset to symptoms of severe pneumonia as the illness progressed. We provide important information regarding our clinical experience for further understanding of management discrepancies, as treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or pharmacotherapy (e.g., antivirals, immunomodulators, and glucocorticoids) is often dependent on the severity of symptoms. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120301714?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101113 id: cord-287640-9j0w7191 author: Ilesanmi, Olayinka title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-23 words: 4319.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287640-9j0w7191.txt summary: title: Perception and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban community in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. An assessment of the perception and practices of community members is important to reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection in Ibadan, a densely populated city in Nigeria. This study thus aimed at assessing the perception and practices of community members in urban areas in Ibadan regarding COVID-19. Findings from previous studies conducted in Nigeria also corroborate the key role of positive risk perception on imbibing COVID-19 protective practices and attitudes . As this study was limited to the perception and practices regarding COVID-19, the knowledge of community members on the illness was not addressed. abstract: BACKGROUND: Various perceptions and practices have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 3rd to 6th June 2020. Those who demonstrated washing of the palm, back of the hand, spaces between the fingers, fingernails, wrist, and thumbs had six points and were categorized to have had a good practice of handwashing. Descriptive statistics were conducted. Bivariate analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and good handwashing practices were conducted using Chi-square test. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the determinants of good handwashing practices. P-values < 0.05 were statistically significant. RESULTS: Going to the hospital (95%) and calling the COVID-19 help number (58.3%) were the frequently reported practices among respondents following the development of COVID-19 symptoms. Also, 89 (26%) knew they could contract COVID-19, while 41 (12%) perceived it as an exaggerated event. The effects most frequently reported by respondents were hunger/low income (48.8%) and academic delay (8.8%). Use of face masks by 64.5% and social distancing (48%) were the most frequently reported practices for prevention. Only 71 (20.8%) demonstrated good handwashing practices. The perception of the likelihood to contract COVID-19 and practices to prevent COVID-19 had a weak correlation of 0.239 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Gaps exist in the practices that prevent COVID-19. There is a need to improve handwashing, use of face masks and other practices that prevent COVID-19. Implications across public health communication and policies were stated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024646/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.10038 id: cord-352580-l6vkzja0 author: Iltaf, Samar title: Frequency of Neurological Presentations of Coronavirus Disease in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 words: 2266.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352580-l6vkzja0.txt summary: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), usually presents clinically with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and loss of taste and/or smell. COVID-19 can also present with neurologic signs and symptoms, including headache, hyposmia/anosmia, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, stroke, and seizure. This subjective survey addressed 10 neurological manifestations of COVID-19: headache, altered sensation, nausea and vomiting, sudden hemiparesis (stroke), numbness and paresthesia, vertigo, ataxia, seizure, encephalitis/meningitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and myelitis. Our study confirmed that headache (6%), altered level of consciousness and encephalopathy (2%), hemiparesis (stroke; 0.6%), GBS (0.3%) and seizure (0.3%) were the most frequently reported neurological presentations [5, 6, 7, 8] . A case study reported that a patient positive for SARS-CoV-2 presented with isolated sudden onset anosmia but no other symptoms of COVID-19 [11] . abstract: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), usually presents clinically with cough, fever, shortness of breath, and loss of taste and/or smell. COVID-19 can also present with neurologic signs and symptoms, including headache, hyposmia/anosmia, encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, stroke, and seizure. Viral transmission occurs through aerosols generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales and by direct touching of contaminated surfaces. The present study evaluated the frequency of neurologic presentations of coronavirus disease in patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 350 inpatients and outpatients (self-isolated) with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented at Dow International Medical College of Karachi between March and June 2020. Of these 350 patients, 68 (18.9%) presented with neurological signs and symptoms and were further evaluated. The data were analyzed statistically using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for Windows, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results The 350 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection included 245 (70%) men and 105 (30%) women; of these, 262 (74.9%) were married, and 88 (25.1%) were unmarried. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 88 years (mean ± standard deviation, 49.5 ± 17.4 years), with 68 (18.9%) having neurological manifestations. Headache was the most frequent neurological symptom, reported in 21 (6%) patients, followed by vertigo in 12 patients (3.4%), numbness/paresthesia in 11 (3.1%), altered level of consciousness in seven (2%), hyposmia/anosmia in five (1.4%), and encephalitis in three (0.9%). Other symptoms included sudden hemiparesis (stroke) in two patients (0.6%), flaccid paralysis due to Guillain-Barre syndrome in one (0.3%), and seizure in one (0.3%). Conclusion Neurological involvement is not infrequent in patients with COVID-19. Neurologic manifestations should be carefully monitored in infected patients. COVID-19 should be suspected in patients presenting with neurological abnormalities and should be included in the differential diagnosis to prevent further virus transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953353/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9846 id: cord-312619-7jpf81yz author: Ilyas, Sadia title: Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management date: 2020-08-12 words: 5989.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312619-7jpf81yz.txt summary: The exposure to COVID-waste may potentially increase the virus spread by increasing the reproductive number (R 0 ) from its determined range between 2.2 to 3.58 Thus, effective management of COVID-waste including the appropriate disinfect and disposal techniques are necessary to control the pandemic spread, which has not been focused yet albeit posing a similar threat as SARS-CoV-2 itself can have to the public health. The present article reviews the disinfection technologies to control/prevent the novel coronavirus spread and the proper management of COVID-waste including the effective strategies and reprocessing possibilities of the used items. Not only the COVID-waste generated by the hospitals, health centers, and self-quarantines, but the waste generated during the disinfection of public area or, where an infected person visited have been directed to treat as medical waste and collection of those waste in double-packed designated bags are mandatory before sending to burning at the high-temperature incinerator facility. abstract: Abstract The isolation wards, institutional quarantine centers, and home quarantine are generating a huge amount of bio-medical waste (BMW) worldwide since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The personal protective equipment, testing kits, surgical facemasks, and nitrile gloves are the major contributors to waste volume. Discharge of a new category of BMW (COVID-waste) is of great global concern to public health and environmental sustainability if handled inappropriately. It may cause exponential spreading of this fatal disease as waste acts as a vector for SARS-CoV-2, which survives up to 7 days on COVID-waste (like facemasks). Proper disposal of COVID-waste is therefore immediately requires to lower the threat of pandemic spread and for sustainable management of the environmental hazards. Henceforth, in the present article, disinfection technologies for handling COVID-waste from its separate collection to various physical and chemical treatment steps have been reviewed. Furthermore, policy briefs on the global initiatives for COVID-waste management including the applications of different disinfection techniques have also been discussed with some potential examples effectively applied to reduce both health and environmental risks. This article can be of great significance to the strategy development for preventing/controlling the pandemic of similar episodes in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822917/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141652 id: cord-311669-112kxj5s author: Imdad, Kashif title: A district-level susceptibility and vulnerability assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic''s footprint in India date: 2020-11-08 words: 9106.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311669-112kxj5s.txt summary: Such a situation has especially emerged in India, where thousands of migrant workers mostly from the southern and western zones of the country, have thronged bus terminals and railway stations or have even attempted to travel across states on foot (Lal 2020; Singh 2020) , raising the spectre of further widespread community transmission and the incursion of the virus into especially socioeconomically vulnerable areas (and more importantly into rural hinterlands) that are ill-equipped in terms of healthcare (both at the individual and community level for resident populations and returning migrantsNacoti et al. In the first phase ( Figure 3A ), cases were reported from western India (around Mumbai and Ahmedabadtwo of the main commercial hubs of the country), from around New Delhi (the national capital) and Ladakh (popular tourist destination and a prominent Indian Army base) and from the southern states of Kerala (from where many residents migrate/travel for work to the Gulf region), Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka (all of which have major metropolitan centres and commercial hubs-Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru). abstract: In this study, we trace the COVID-19 pandemic's footprint across India's districts. We identify its primary epicentres and the outbreak's imprint in India's hinterlands in four separate time-steps, signifying the different lockdown stages. We also identify hotspots and predict areas where the pandemic may spread next. Significant clusters in the country's western and northern parts pose risk, along with the threat of rising numbers in the east. We also perform epidemiological and socioeconomic susceptibility and vulnerability analyses, identifying resident populations that may be physiologically weaker, leading to a high incidence of cases and pinpoint regions that may report high fatalities due to ambient poor demographic and health-related factors. Districts with a high share of urban population and high population density face elevated COVID-19 risks. Aspirational districts have a higher magnitude of transmission and fatality. Discerning such locations can allow targeted resource allocation to combat the pandemic's next phase in India. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187758452030068X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100390 id: cord-269972-p9lbgxr4 author: Imoto, W title: Coronavirus disease with multiple infarctions date: 2020-10-01 words: 687.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269972-p9lbgxr4.txt summary: Conversely, no renal and splenic infarction in a COVID-19 case has been reported. 3 also reported 14 COVID-19 patients with thrombo-embolic complications, no cases had a thrombosis in the abdominal organs. Clinicians should be aware that infarction, an important lifethreatening complication, may occur in any organ, and early anti-thromboembolism treatment should be considered in COVID-19 patients. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient''s family for publication of this case report and the accompanying images. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy We would like to thank Kenichiro Uchida, MD, PhD, Tetsuro Nishimura, MD, PhD and Hiromasa Yamamoto, MD, PhD for participation in the treatment of this patient as members of the Trauma and Critical Care Center Department, Osaka City University Hospital. We would like to thank Koichi Yamada, MD, PhD for participation in the treatment as members of the Infectious Disease Medicine Department, Osaka City University Hospital. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33000142/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa240 id: cord-258879-dueab356 author: Imran, Nazish title: Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-25 words: 3879.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258879-dueab356.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258879-dueab356.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress, and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. Previous small-scale studies done to assess psychological morbidity among postgraduate trainees in Pakistan found that 14% had depression symptoms and 8% had moderate anxiety. ► Female postgraduate trainees and those working as front-line healthcare workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms. METHODS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, the χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The significance level was set at α=0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder and acute stress disorder were 26.4%, 22.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Female postgraduate trainees, senior trainees and front-line workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms (p value<0.001). Logistic regression showed that being a front-line and senior staff member and female was associated with higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings raise concerns about the psychological well-being of postgraduate trainees during the acute COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress and provide adequate psychosocial support for postgraduate trainees during crisis situation such as COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843485/ doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138364 id: cord-322711-u6yr8wqh author: Imran, Nazish title: Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions date: 2020 words: 4936.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322711-u6yr8wqh.txt summary: This rapid review takes into account the impact of quarantine on mental health of children and adolescents, and proposes measures to improve psychological outcomes of isolation. The seven studies before onset of COVID 19 about psychological impact of quarantine in children have reported isolation, social exclusion stigma and fear among the children. 3 Uncertainties regarding pandemic itself, strict social distancing measures, widespread and prolonged school closures, parental stressors, and loss of loved ones are likely to affect children and adolescent''s wellbeing in addition to specific psychological effects of quarantine and isolation. 5 Since the COVID-19 outbreak related disease containment measures and school closure has become relevant to all affected countries around the globe, urgent evidence synthesis is needed to help policy makers understand the mental health outcomes of quarantine in children and adolescents. Thus, to summarize, this review shows considerable psychological impact of quarantine and other disease containment measures among children and adolescents. abstract: As COVID-19 grips the world, many people are quarantined or isolated resulting in adverse consequences for the mental health of youth. This rapid review takes into account the impact of quarantine on mental health of children and adolescents, and proposes measures to improve psychological outcomes of isolation. Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening followed by full-text screening. This review article included 10 studies. The seven studies before onset of COVID 19 about psychological impact of quarantine in children have reported isolation, social exclusion stigma and fear among the children. The most common diagnoses were acute stress disorder, adjustment disorder, grief, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Three studies during the COVID-19 pandemic reported restlessness, irritability, anxiety, clinginess and inattention with increased screen time in children during quarantine. These adverse consequences can be tackled through carefully formulated multilevel interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704298/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.3088 id: cord-254737-pv68fb7d author: Imtyaz, Ayman title: Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-14 words: 3413.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt summary: The data that will be considered for the study are aggregated COVID-19 patient statistics like daily cases, deaths, recoveries, testing data, etc. The data used in the analysis conducted were obtained from publically available, and the government reported statistics on COVID-19 patients in their countries. Countries were separated into groups based on the percentage of their elderly population, and the COVID-19 mortality rate (total deaths/total cases). The mortality rate is the total number of deaths attributed to the virus divided by the total number of COVID-19 positive cases. The variance in the chart may/can be attributed to other factors, such as handling of COVID-19positive patients, methods of data collection and reporting, other population demographics like genetic makeup, trends in disease, disabilities, and malnutrition, competency, scale, and accessibility of the country''s medical apparatus, economic status of the country (GDP, PPP, poverty levels, etc.). abstract: Abstract Background and aims COVID-19, which started as an epidemic from China in November 2019, was first reported to WHO in December 2019. It had spread to almost all countries globally by March 2020. The pandemic severely affected health and economy globally, prompting countries to take drastic measures to combat the virus. This study aims to analyze different governments' responses to the pandemic to gain insights on how best to fight the Coronavirus. Methodology Various data analysis operations like clustering and bivariate analysis were carried out using Python, Pandas, Scikit-Learn, and Matplotlib to clean up, consolidate, and visualize data. Insights were drawn from the analysis conducted. Results We identified that the mortality rate/case fatality rate is directly proportional to the percentage of elderly (people above 65 years of age) for the top thirty countries by cases. Countries in Western Europe showed the highest mortality rates, whereas countries in South Asia and the Middle East showed the lowest mortality rate (controlling for all other variables). Conclusion Lockdowns are effective in curbing the spread of the virus. A higher amount of testing resulted in a lesser spreading of the virus and better control. In most regions, countries that were conducting a large number of tests also seemed to have lower mortality rates. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426820301214?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.08.005 id: cord-304035-s9tkyuso author: Inal, Jameel title: Biological Factors Linking ApoE ε4 Variant and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-02 words: 958.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304035-s9tkyuso.txt summary: This included an erudite analysis of raised levels of Lp(a) in certain ethnic groups and association with higher frequency of ApoE4 genotypes and risk of severe COVID-19. Compared with the more common ApoE ε3ε3 genotype, the risk of severe COVID-19 for people carrying two ApoE ε4 alleles was doubled (OR = 2.31), including people who had neither developed Alzheimer''s disease (AD) (as for the 5.13% COVID-19positive participants) nor cardiovascular disease (CVD), and for whom two copies of ApoE ε4 also carried increased risk. Besides raised Lp(a), as highlighted by Moriarty et al., other biological effects may link the ApoE ε4ε4 genotype to severe COVID-19. In continuing to explore the possible association of the ApoE ε4 allele with COVID-19, it is useful to remember that ApoE is also linked to susceptibility to infection by viruses [8] (as well as bacteria and parasites, including secondary infection), for example, ApoE4 increasing HIV-1 infection, two copies of ε4 aiding accelerated disease development [8] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-020-00896-y doi: 10.1007/s11883-020-00896-y id: cord-263080-c3bklv8s author: Inanc, Yusuf title: COVID-19 pneumonia following double-sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer date: 2020-09-30 words: 1497.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263080-c3bklv8s.txt summary: Here, we report a 54-year-old man who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy for lung cancer and his postoperative course was complicated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report such a case who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy during the early days of COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Before referring him to oncology clinic for adjuvant chemotherapy, we confirmed his complete recovery from COVID-19 infection with three subsequent negative PCR testing, near total clearance of lung lesions on CT scan and the presence of acquired neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in his serum. This operation was also performed in the very early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in our country, and the utility of preoperative CT scanning prior to elective cancer surgery was controversial in those days [6] . Like any other postoperative infectious processes, our patient would have faced detrimental consequences of a pneumonectomy during the course of his COVID-19 pneumonia if a lung sparing resection was not performed. abstract: Here, we report a 54-year-old man who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy for lung cancer and his postoperative course was complicated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Five days after his discharge from hospital, he was re-admitted with mild fever and bilateral multiple ground glass opacities on his chest CT. PCR testing confirmed COVID-19 infection and he was treated according to policies established by our nation’s health authority. He is still receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and remains well at 3 months after the operation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11748-020-01500-5 doi: 10.1007/s11748-020-01500-5 id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author: Inchausti, Felix title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date: 2020-05-27 words: 5192.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt summary: The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. abstract: The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w id: cord-027231-k49e9vy6 author: Inchingolo, Riccardo title: Lung ultrasound as an extension of medical examination for COVID-19 pneumonia: much more than an imaging technique date: 2020-06-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7303043/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.034 id: cord-297333-fyn2xzfw author: Inchingolo, Riccardo title: The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound date: 2020-04-28 words: 509.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297333-fyn2xzfw.txt summary: title: The Diagnosis of Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Using Maternal Lung Ultrasound Abstract Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect pulmonary and pleural conditions. We suggest point of care lung ultrasound examination as a diagnostic imaging tool in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect 56 pulmonary and pleural conditions. 58 We report our experience on lung ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 59 pneumonia in a pregnant woman. Radiological findings from 173 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical 176 Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired 201 pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study abstract: Abstract Lung ultrasound examination has been demonstrated to be an accurate imaging method to detect pulmonary and pleural conditions. During pregnancy, there is a need for a rapid assessment of the maternal lung in patients suspected to have COVID-19. We report our experience on lung ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of Sars-Cov-2 pneumonia in a pregnant woman. Typical ultrasound features of this pulmonary pathology, including diffuse hyperechoic vertical artifacts with thickened pleural line and “white lung” with patchy distribution, were observed. We suggest point of care lung ultrasound examination as a diagnostic imaging tool in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360111/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.020 id: cord-256166-4pvk3fqn author: Indini, Alice title: Reorganization of Medical Oncology Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Nationwide Italian Survey date: 2020-04-06 words: 2438.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256166-4pvk3fqn.txt summary: Results show that the following measures for oncologic patients have been promptly implemented through the whole country: use of protective devices, triage of patients accessing the hospital, delay of non-urgent visits, and use of telemedicine. Such emergency has led Italian oncologists to join forces, with the aim to find a way not to compromise the continuum of care of patients and to preserve safe everyday clinical Here we present the results of this survey, providing an overview of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy and assessing potential interventions to overcome this critical situation. Answers to the questions in Section 2 clearly show that, even if by the time of the survey COVID-19 represented an emergency mainly in the North of Italy, diagnostic measures for all patients accessing oncologic services were immediately activated in the whole country ( Table 3) . After the very first reports of COVID-19 in Italy, measures to reduce hospital accesses for oncologic patients were taken almost throughout the country. abstract: Abstract The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) pandemic is a global health problem, which started to affect China by the end of year 2019. In Europe, Italy has faced this novel disease entity (named COVID-19) first and severely. COVID-19 represents a significant hurdle for public health services and a potential harm for patients with cancer. The Collegio Italiano dei Primari Oncologi Medici (CIPOMO) is an Italian association of head physicians in oncology departments, which promotes working and research activities in oncology on a national basis. In the midst of the epidemic in Italy, the CIPOMO promoted a national survey aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on clinical activity of oncologists and the implementation of containment measures of COVID-19 diffusion. Overall, 122 head physicians participated in this survey, with a homogeneous distribution on the national territory. Results show that the following measures for oncologic patients have been promptly implemented through the whole country: use of protective devices, triage of patients accessing the hospital, delay of non-urgent visits, and use of telemedicine. Results of this survey suggest that Italian oncology departments have promptly set a proactive approach to the actual emergency. Oncologists need to preserve the continuum of care of patients, as the benefit of ensuring a well-delivered anti-cancer treatment plan outweighs the risk of COVID-19 infection. International cooperation is an important starting point, as heavily affected nations can serve as an example to find out ways to safely preserve health activity during pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0959804920301659 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.024 id: cord-353586-motgn69w author: Indu Subramanian title: Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-06 words: 1809.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353586-motgn69w.txt summary: title: Hoping for the best, planning for the worst: Palliative care approach to Parkinson disease during the COVID-19 pandemic Hoping for the Best, Planning for the Worst: Palliative care Approach to Parkinson Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic ABSTRACT: Palliative care emphasizes expertise in handling difficult conversations, discussing patients'' wishes and supporting the caregiver(s). Here we outline the palliative approach of hoping for the best while preparing for the worst in several "what if" scenarios for people with Parkinson disease and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we outline the palliative approach of hoping for the best while preparing for the worst in several "what if" scenarios for people with Parkinson disease and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic presents an important opportunity to discuss goals of care, and to revisit or establish advance care plans specifically related to COVID-19 or a decline in health. abstract: Palliative care emphasizes expertise in handling difficult conversations, discussing patients’ wishes and supporting the caregiver(s). Here we outline the palliative approach of hoping for the best while preparing for the worst in several “what if” scenarios for people with Parkinson disease and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046384/ doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.042 id: cord-290895-tb0xald0 author: Indu, Purushothaman title: Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach date: 2020-10-26 words: 2632.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290895-tb0xald0.txt summary: title: Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking and drug repurposing approach Virtual screening was performed to find out the lead antiviral drug molecules against main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) using COVID-19 Docking Server. RESULTS: Out of 65 FDA approved small molecule antiviral drugs screened, Raltegravir showed highest interaction energy value of -9 kcal/mol against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 and Indinavir, Tipranavir, and Pibrentasvir exhibited a binding energy value of ≥ -8 kcal/mol. In this study, FDA J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f approved small molecule antiviral drugs were screened against protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 using a computational based approach. In our study, other screened antiviral drugs such as Indinavir, Tipranavir, and Pibrentasvir showed dock energy value more than -8 kcal/mol and these drugs might also serve as an inhibitors of Mpro target of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: BACKGROUND: Outbreak of COVID-19 has been recognized as a global health concern since it causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. No specific antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19 till date. Drug repurposing strategy helps to find out the drugs for COVID-19 treatment from existing FDA approved antiviral drugs. In this study, FDA approved small molecule antiviral drugs were repurposed against the major viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: The 3D structures of FDA approved small molecule antiviral drugs were retrieved from PubChem. Virtual screening was performed to find out the lead antiviral drug molecules against main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) using COVID-19 Docking Server. Furthermore, lead molecules were individually docked against protein targets using AutoDock 4.0.1 software and their drug-likeness and ADMET properties were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 65 FDA approved small molecule antiviral drugs screened, Raltegravir showed highest interaction energy value of -9 kcal/mol against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 and Indinavir, Tipranavir, and Pibrentasvir exhibited a binding energy value of ≥ -8 kcal/mol. Similarly Indinavir showed the highest binding energy of -11.5 kcal/mol against the target protein RdRp and Dolutegravir, Elbasvir, Tipranavir, Taltegravir, Grazoprevir, Daclatasvir, Glecaprevir, Ledipasvir, Pibrentasvir and Velpatasvir showed a binding energy value in range from -8 to -11.2 kcal/mol. The antiviral drugs Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine also exhibited good bioavailability and drug-likeness properties. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the screened small molecule antiviral drugs Raltegravir, Indinavir, Tipranavir, Dolutegravir, and Etravirine could serve as potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 with further validation studies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876034120307127 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.015 id: cord-346268-6oufmmw6 author: Infante, Maria‐Stefania title: COVID‐19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series date: 2020-08-04 words: 666.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346268-6oufmmw6.txt summary: These patients had been advised to go to the day hospital to receive blood products or due to a new hematological diagnosis or uncontrolled disease requiring therapy. We observed that the severity of pneumonia was associated with increased risk of dying from COVID-19 in hemaWe did not observe significant differences among laboratory findings and outcome either (Table 3) . Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area Survival study of hospitalised patients with concurrent COVID-19 and haematological malignancies COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System Clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in haemato-oncology patients Poor outcome and prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies; King''s College Hospital experience COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749757/ doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13301 id: cord-276238-2hv46ftk author: Ing, Richard J. title: The role of helmet-delivered noninvasive pressure support ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-08 words: 3072.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276238-2hv46ftk.txt summary: 5 The aim of this stand-alone editorial is to examine the role of helmet delivered continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation in patients requiring respiratory support in COVID-19. The recent Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 consensus statement agrees that; following admission for COVID-19, each patient may progress at a variable rate to either recovery, with minimal oxygen requirements and no ventilatory support, or a worsening of the disease process and the need for an escalation in NIV and mechanical ventilation. 11 The usual features of typical ARDS, recently termed the H-type, in COVID-19 patients are a progressive deteriorating lung compliance requiring increased inspired oxygen concentration(FiO 2 ), high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), prone ventilation, sedation with paralysis and inotropic support. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.060 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.060 id: cord-254119-w6otllf5 author: Ingraham, Nicholas E title: Immunomodulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 1403.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254119-w6otllf5.txt summary: Observational data show overlapping clinical features in severe COVID-19 with macrophage activating syndrome (MAS) and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Furthermore, the pathogenesis underlying SARS-CoV-2 involves several key pathways that can be manipulated, and use of these therapies can mitigate the propagation of an overdriven Figure: SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the inflammatory system and therapy targets within the system TLR4, AT1R, IL-6, IL-1, IL-18, type 1 IFNs, and IFN-γ receptor binding activates specific signalling cascades and translocation of nuclear transcription factors into the nucleus (blue ellipse), where they interact with their respective chaperones (NF-KB) or their targeting sequences on DNA (ISRE, GAS) to activate the production of multiple proteins including additional cytokines, chemokines, cell surface molecules, and more. In conclusion, as insight is gained into the clinical phenotypes associated with COVID-19, we propose JAK and IL-1 inhibitors as therapeutic targets warranting rapid investigation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213260020302265 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30226-5 id: cord-264356-3zu4w0a9 author: Ino, Hiroyasu title: Vaccine mandate in long‐term care facilities date: 2020-10-01 words: 1548.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264356-3zu4w0a9.txt summary: Telehealth consultations have helped our institution provide continuity of care to older adults who would otherwise decline healthcare attendances due to fears of contracting COVID-19. Making vaccination a standard part of the LTCF admission process does increase vaccination rates in nursing homes, and it is recommended by the Department of Health and Human Services. These interactions make the facility vulnerable to infectious diseases, but one must not forget that living in LTCFs provides the residents with a comfortable environment, which makes them feel like being in one''s own home. However, when any vaccines that can prevent infection in elderly people are developed, vaccinating LTCF residents against COVID-19 should be a requirement. We should consider vaccine requirements for the elderly in LTCFs. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged ≥80 years Time to mandate influenza vaccination in health-care workers abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33003254/ doi: 10.1111/ggi.14023 id: cord-300508-po2zolo8 author: Inoue, Gen title: Experience of an Orthopaedic Surgery Department Early During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan Including Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Results for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-24 words: 3942.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300508-po2zolo8.txt summary: With the need to develop an approach to manage orthopaedic surgeries, we aimed to evaluate the most current data on all the surgical cases in our department including the results of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We also examined the results of PT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, which was principally performed for all the surgical candidates in our department beginning May 13, and investigated their laboratory test results before surgery, their clinical signs and symptoms, which were reported to be related with COVID-19. evaluated 66 orthopaedic healthcare workers exposed to one patient who became positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection one week after admission, and reported that the RT-PCR assays were negative for all 66 healthcare workers, although 14 (21%) manifested clinical signs/symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, including cough (6.1%), sore throat (4.5%), nasal congestion (4.5%), dyspnoea (3.0%), fever (1.5%), headache, and myalgias (1.5%) [19] . abstract: Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic beginning December 2019 in China has now become a worldwide pandemic. With the need to develop an approach to manage orthopaedic surgeries, we aimed to evaluate the most current data on all the surgical cases in our department including the results of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods The monthly number of surgical cases from 2016 were reviewed, and compared the numbers of surgical cases both in elective and emergency surgery during the pandemic with the pre-pandemic period. The results of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in 94 orthopaedic surgery cases from May 13 to June 30, 2020, and clinical signs/symptoms, and laboratory data of 48 consecutive cases within a month from May 13 were also evaluated. Results The mean monthly number of surgeries from January to May 2020 was significantly lower than the mean number in 2019 (73.8 vs 121.9, respectively, p=0.01). The proportion of emergency surgeries in all surgeries performed in May 2020 was 35.5%, which is significantly more than the mean rate of 20.4% in 2019 (p=0.04). Hip arthroplasties and spine surgeries showed the greatest reduction, at greater than 80% and 65%, respectively. Although none of the 94 patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 66.7% showed signs/symptoms typical of COVID-19. The most frequent signs/symptoms were production of nasal mucus (25.5%), followed by dry cough (19.1%); and fatigue, headache, and dizziness (17.0% each). The incidence of abnormal values, which are commonly noted in COVID-19 patients, were eosinopaenia 37.5%; lymphopaenia 18.8%; thrombocytopaenia 8.3%; and elevated prothrombin time 10.4%. Conclusions Our results show that our RT-PCR negative patients showed signs/symptoms and abnormal laboratory values typical of COVID-19, indicating surgeons should be aware of these abnormalities in patients and the need to rule out COVID-19 before proceeding with surgery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133795/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.11140 id: cord-309370-g8d3w7it author: Insausti-García, Alfredo title: Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: Inflammation and hypercoagulable state date: 2020-07-30 words: 2083.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309370-g8d3w7it.txt summary: We believe that the inflammatory reaction and the coagulation alteration present in our patient due to Sars-Cov2 coronavirus may have acted as risk factors for the development of papillophlebitis. It has been suggested to result from idiopathic inflammation of retinal vascular and, possibly of the capillaries of the optic disc; however it is mandatory to work out a hypercoagulable state (hereditary or acquired thrombophilia factors), vasculitic syndromes, blood hyperviscosity, and other recognized systemic vascular inflammatory disorders. On left eye fundus examination, and color and red free retinographies, severe inflammation of the optic nerve head was observed accompanied by retinal venous vasodilatation and tortuosity, cotton-wool spots and moderate superficial hemorrhages in all four quadrants. 8 In addition to the respiratory tract infection and to these acute ocular manifestations, the current pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is associated with coagulation activation and a disproportionate systemic inflammatory response. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Papillophlebitis is a rare condition characterized by venous congestion and optic disc edema, which has been suggested to occur as a consequence of inflammation of the retinal veins or, possibly, the capillaries of the optic disc, leading to venous insufficiency and compression of the central retina vein. The disease affects healthy young adults and commonly has a benign course, however, if complications such as macular edema or ischemia appears, treatment should be instituted immediately to avoid poor prognosis. CASE REPORT: A 40-year old white male patient consulted for a slight decrease in the sensitivity of the visual field in his left eye (OS). Visual acuities (VA) were 20/20 in both eyes. OS fundus examination showed dilated and tortuous retinal vessels, disc edema, and retinal hemorrhages. The patient was diagnosed with papillophlebitis. OS VA decreased to 20/200 due to macular edema, and he was treated with a intravitreal dexamethasone implant. An exhaustive and interdisciplinary exploration process was performed, identifying a recent disease and recovery of Covid-19 as the only factor of inflammation and coagulation alteration. Other systemic diseases were excluded. We also describe a rapid decrease in disc and macular edema after intravitreal dexametasone injection, which could support the inflammatory hypothesis. CONCLUSION: The importance of this case lies in the possible association of papillophlebitis with the new Covid-19 disease. We believe that the inflammatory reaction and the coagulation alteration present in our patient due to Sars-Cov2 coronavirus may have acted as risk factors for the development of papillophlebitis. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1120672120947591 doi: 10.1177/1120672120947591 id: cord-035042-umufaixr author: Inui, Shohei title: Comparison of Chest CT Grading Systems in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-11-05 words: 3945.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035042-umufaixr.txt summary: The published CT grading systems of chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients may facilitate both making the radiological diagnosis and smooth communication among professionals in other fields, and their applicability and validity in the clinical practice was recently reported in several studies [7, 8, 9, 10] . Those who tested negative on the initial RT-PCR and were not having a high clinical suspicion of COVID-I n p r e s s Cases included in a previous publication were excluded from the current study based on the following grounds: (1) the previous publication was used in the process of developing two of the sets of criteria (the RSNA expert consensus statement and COVID-RADS), (2) those included in the previous publication were cases from mass infection cohort under special circumstances, and (3) the purpose of this study was to compare the CT grading systems in usual clinical settings that mostly comprises community-acquired infection with COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the performance and interobserver agreement of the COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS), the COVID-19 imaging reporting and data system (COVID-RADS), the RSNA expert consensus statement, and the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidance statement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, total of 100 symptomatic patients suspected of having COVID-19 were included: 50 patients with COVID-19 (59±17 years, 38 men) and 50 patients without COVID-19 (65±24 years, 30 men). Eight radiologists independently scored chest CT images of the cohort according to each reporting system. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and interobserver agreements were calculated and statistically compared across the systems. RESULTS: A total of 800 observations were made for each system. The level of suspicion of COVID-19 correlated with the RT-PCR positive rate except for the “negative for pneumonia” classifications in all the systems (Spearman’s coefficient: ρ=1.0, P=<.001 for all the systems). Average AUCs were as follows: CO-RADS, 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.85): COVID-RADS, 0.80 (0.78–0.81): the RSNA statement, 0.81 (0.79–0.82): and the BSTI statement, 0.84 (0.812-0.86). Average Cohen’s kappa across observers was 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.66), 0.63 (0.58–0.68), 0.63 (0.57–0.69), and 0.61 (0.58-0.64) for CO-RADS, COVID-RADS, the RSNA statement and the BSTI statement, respectively. CO-RADS and the BSTI statement outperformed COVID-RADS and the RSNA statement in diagnostic performance (P=.<.05 for all the comparison). CONCLUSIONS: CO-RADS, COVID-RADS, the RSNA statement and the BSTI statement provided reasonable performances and interobserver agreements in reporting CT findings of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650298/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200492 id: cord-226621-x7slh9n9 author: Inuwa-Dutse, Isa title: A curated collection of COVID-19 online datasets date: 2020-07-19 words: 3645.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-226621-x7slh9n9.txt summary: In line with existing studies, we provide an expansive collection of curated datasets to support the fight against the pandemic, especially concerning misinformation. The collection consists of 3 categories of Twitter data, information about standard practices from credible sources and a chronicle of global situation reports. The data collection 5 consists of 3 categories of Twitter data, information about standard practices from credible sources and a chronicle of global situation reports from WHO. The data from WHO, dubbed proWHO, and the antiWHO, dismissing WHO''s guidelines on combating Covid-19 pandemic, are the two broad sub-categories under the miscellaneous collection that can be used for various studies. 10 see https://developer.twitter.com/en/developer-terms/agreement-and-policy 11 The data presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/ijdutse/covid19-datasets 4 we query the following accounts as the seed users: @PlanB1975, @simondolan, @LonsdaleKeith, @angiebUK, @HotelLubyanka, @jcho710 Collection 4 Non-tweet-based collection Data Source WHO, NHS-UK, NCDC-NGN, and CDC-US Popular accounts and hashtags. abstract: One of the defining moments of the year 2020 is the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), a deadly virus affecting the body's respiratory system to the point of needing a breathing aid via ventilators. As of June 21, 2020 there are 12,929,306 confirmed cases and 569,738 confirmed deaths across 216 countries, areas or territories. The scale of spread and impact of the pandemic left many nations grappling with preventive and curative approaches. The infamous lockdown measure introduced to mitigate the virus spread has altered many aspects of our social routines in which demand for online-based services skyrocketed. As the virus propagate, so does misinformation and fake news around it via online social media, which seems to favour virality over veracity. With a majority of the populace confined to their homes for a long period, vulnerability to the toxic impact of online misinformation is high. A case in point is the various myths and disinformation associated with the Covid-19, which, if left unchecked, could lead to a catastrophic outcome and hamper the fight against the virus. While the scientific community is actively engaged in identifying the virus treatment, there is a growing interest in combating the associated harmful infodemic. To this end, researchers have been curating and documenting various datasets about Covid-19. In line with existing studies, we provide an expansive collection of curated datasets to support the fight against the pandemic, especially concerning misinformation. The collection consists of 3 categories of Twitter data, information about standard practices from credible sources and a chronicle of global situation reports. We describe how to retrieve the hydrated version of the data and proffer some research problems that could be addressed using the data. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09703v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-270254-dp7z1kla author: Inzitari, Marco title: How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 826.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270254-dp7z1kla.txt summary: title: How a Barcelona post-acute facility became a referral center for comprehensive management of subacute patients with COVID-19 We critically review the actions taken by Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, a PAC facility in Barcelona, to manage the pandemic, including its administration, healthcare, communication, psychological support and ethical frameworks. Brief Summary: The paper describes how a large post-acute care facility in 23 Barcelona, was adapted at the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic to become 24 a polyvalent reference center for older COVID-19 patients assessed as not 25 requiring intensive care. 26 Key word: COVID-19, post-acute care, older adults, geriatrics, geriatric 27 syndromes, palliative care 28 Funding source: This research did not receive any funding from agencies in 29 the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Geriatric screening tools to select older adults susceptible for direct transfer from the emergency department to subacute intermediate-care hospitalization Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care Skilled Nursing Facility abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic’s greatest impact is among older adults. Management of the situation requires a systemic response, and post-acute care (PAC) can provide an adequate mix of active treatment, management of associated geriatric syndromes and palliative care, both in the acute phase, and in post-COVID-19 recovery. In the region of Catalonia, Spain, selected PAC centers have become a site to treat COVID-19 older patients. Referrals come from the emergency department (ED) or COVID-19 wards of the acute reference hospitals, nursing homes or private homes. We critically review the actions taken by Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, a PAC facility in Barcelona, to manage the pandemic, including its administration, healthcare, communication, psychological support and ethical frameworks. We believe that the strategies we employed and the lessons we learned can be useful for other sites and countries where similar adaptation of existing facilities may be implemented. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674827/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.015 id: cord-340805-qbvgnr4r author: Ioannidis, John P.A. title: Forecasting for COVID-19 has failed date: 2020-08-25 words: 6084.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340805-qbvgnr4r.txt summary: Poor data input, wrong modeling assumptions, high sensitivity of estimates, lack of incorporation of epidemiological features, poor past evidence on effects of available interventions, lack of transparency, errors, lack of determinacy, looking at only one or a few dimensions of the problem at hand, lack of expertise in crucial disciplines, groupthink and bandwagon effects and selective reporting are some of the causes of these failures. When major decisions (e.g. draconian lockdowns) are based on forecasts, the harms (in terms of health, economy, and society at large) and the asymmetry of risks need to be approached in a holistic fashion, considering the totality of the evidence. abstract: Epidemic forecasting has a dubious track-record, and its failures became more prominent with COVID-19. Poor data input, wrong modeling assumptions, high sensitivity of estimates, lack of incorporation of epidemiological features, poor past evidence on effects of available interventions, lack of transparency, errors, lack of determinacy, looking at only one or a few dimensions of the problem at hand, lack of expertise in crucial disciplines, groupthink and bandwagon effects and selective reporting are some of the causes of these failures. Nevertheless, epidemic forecasting is unlikely to be abandoned. Some (but not all) of these problems can be fixed. Careful modeling of predictive distributions rather than focusing on point estimates, considering multiple dimensions of impact, and continuously reappraising models based on their validated performance may help. If extreme values are considered, extremes should be considered for the consequences of multiple dimensions of impact so as to continuously calibrate predictive insights and decision-making. When major decisions (e.g. draconian lockdowns) are based on forecasts, the harms (in terms of health, economy, and society at large) and the asymmetry of risks need to be approached in a holistic fashion, considering the totality of the evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.08.004 id: cord-303571-ossmgzzn author: Iorfa, S. K. title: COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception and precautionary behaviour among Nigerians: A moderated mediation approach date: 2020-05-26 words: 3299.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303571-ossmgzzn.txt summary: Finally, it is expected that risk perception will mediate the prediction of precautionary behaviour by COVID-19 knowledge and that this effect will be stronger for female Nigerians than for male Nigerians. They were recruited through a snowball sampling technique via social media posts to complete the online survey on COVID-19 knowledge, perceptions and precautionary behaviour using Google forms website. Our hypothesis of a moderated mediation effect was supported as evidenced by a significant indirect effect of COVID-19 knowledge on precautionary behaviour through risk perception among females {B = 0.22, 95% Consistent with previous findings therefore, we postulated that perception of risk is a pathway through which knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 will influence precautionary behaviour and that this influence may be more for females than for males. We also tested the direct influences of COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, age and gender on precautionary behaviour. abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction: Individuals who have knowledge of an infectious disease and also perceive the risks associated with such infectious disease tend to engage more in precautionary behaviour; however, little is known about this association as it relates to the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). There is possibility of moderated mediation effect in the association between these variables. Objectives: To examine whether risk perception determines the association between COVID-19 knowledge and precautionary behaviour among Nigerians, taking into consideration the gender differentials that may exist in the process. Design: A web-based cross-sectional study. Setting: Participants were recruited via social media platform, WhatsApp using google form from March 28 to April 4, 2020. Participants: 1500-Nigerian (mean age =27.43, SD=9.75 with 42.7% females and 57.3% males) were recruited from 180 cities in Nigeria using snowball sampling technique. They responded to an online survey form comprising demographic questions and adapted versions of the Ebola knowledge scale, SARS risk perception scale and a precautionary behavior scale. Result: Moderated mediation analysis showed that risk perception mediated the association between COVID-19 knowledge and precautionary behavior and this indirect effect was moderated by gender. Having correct knowledge of COVID-19 was linked to higher involvement in precautionary behavior through risk perception for females but not for males. COVID-19 awareness campaigns may target raising more awareness of the risks associated with the infection in order to make individuals engage more in precautionary behaviors. Conclusion: Awareness campaigns and psychological intervention strategies may be particularly important at the moment, for males more than females. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20104786 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20104786 id: cord-343973-n5ogyxz7 author: Ip, Andrew title: Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients—An observational study date: 2020-08-13 words: 4322.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343973-n5ogyxz7.txt summary: In this retrospective observational cohort study drawn from electronic health records we sought to describe the association between mortality and hydroxychloroquine or tocilizumab therapy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subsequently, an observational cohort study of 1376 hospitalized patients from a New York hospital using propensity modeling found no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and intubation or death (hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.32) [14] . A recently reported randomized Brazilian trial enrolling 504 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients with mild-to-moderate disease (defined as not requiring significant supplemental oxygen support) found that a 7-day course of hydroxychloroquine either with azithromycin or alone did not result in better clinical outcomes as measured by a seven-level ordinal scale at 15 days [16] . In this observational cohort study we report our survival outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. abstract: Hydroxychloroquine has been touted as a potential COVID-19 treatment. Tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has also been proposed as a treatment of critically ill patients. In this retrospective observational cohort study drawn from electronic health records we sought to describe the association between mortality and hydroxychloroquine or tocilizumab therapy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients were hospitalized at a 13-hospital network spanning New Jersey USA between March 1, 2020 and April 22, 2020 with positive polymerase chain reaction results for SARS-CoV-2. Follow up was through May 5, 2020. Among 2512 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 there have been 547 deaths (22%), 1539 (61%) discharges and 426 (17%) remain hospitalized. 1914 (76%) received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and 1473 (59%) received hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. After adjusting for imbalances via propensity modeling, compared to receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in associated mortality for patients receiving any hydroxychloroquine during the hospitalization (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.80–1.22]), hydroxychloroquine alone (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.83–1.27]), or hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.75–1.28]). The 30-day unadjusted mortality for patients receiving hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, the combination or neither drug was 25%, 20%, 18%, and 20%, respectively. Among 547 evaluable ICU patients, including 134 receiving tocilizumab in the ICU, an exploratory analysis found a trend towards an improved survival association with tocilizumab treatment (adjusted HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57–1.00]), with 30 day unadjusted mortality with and without tocilizumab of 46% versus 56%. This observational cohort study suggests hydroxychloroquine, either alone or in combination with azithromycin, was not associated with a survival benefit among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab demonstrated a trend association towards reduced mortality among ICU patients. Our findings are limited to hospitalized patients and must be interpreted with caution while awaiting results of randomized trials. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347993 url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237693 id: cord-301412-wbu3t8j8 author: Ippolito, Edy title: COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases date: 2020-04-14 words: 757.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301412-wbu3t8j8.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: overlapping clinical features of different diseases Furthermore, the prognosis of cancer patients dealing with COVID-19 disease is unpaired as they are usually older with multiple comorbidities. The clinical picture of radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is radiation pneumonitis (RP) that is relatively common, occurring in 15-40% of patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for NSCLC (4) . In patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy, discerning RP from COVID-19 disease can be particularly challenging as RP characteristics can mimic SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia. High fever (the most common initial symptom of COVID-19) frequently occurs in patients presenting severe lung RP. Predicting radiation pneumonitis after chemoradiation therapy for lung cancer: an international individual patient data meta-analysis A clinical score, including biohumoral parameters, is a useful pretest index to discriminate pulmonary infections from radiation damage in chemoradiation-treated lung cancer patients Treatmentrelated Lymphopenia in Patients With Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.009 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.009 id: cord-294064-vdpak3fm author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: Single centre concept of ‘cold site’ elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study date: 2020-10-06 words: 3028.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294064-vdpak3fm.txt summary: title: Single centre concept of ''cold site'' elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study Our hospital utilised local private hospital as a dedicated cold site (CS) for urgent elective surgery during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Urgent elective surgery is safe and feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic if a dedicated cold site is available. A mortality of 19% has been reported in a recent study on 278 patients undergoing elective surgery who were diagnosed with COVID-19 peri-operatively (6) . This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients undergoing urgent elective surgery at the dedicated CS during the COVID-19 pandemic. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ¨ This study reports findings of a dedicated cold site elective surgery during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major strain on healthcare systems across the globe. As these systems got overwhelmed with the emergency care of the infected patients, widespread cancellations of elective surgery occurred. Our hospital utilised local private hospital as a dedicated cold site (CS) for urgent elective surgery during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to analyse the outcomes at this dedicated cold site. METHOD: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all the cases operated at the CS during a 2-month period (30 March 2020 to 29 May 2020) was carried out. The primary outcome was 30-day COVID-19 related mortality. The secondary outcomes were 30-day non-COVID-19 related mortality, complications, readmission and development of COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were operated on at the CS over the study period with a median age of 57 years (Interquartile range, IQR 47–70). 62% were females and 82% had a Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 30.73% of the operations were performed for cancer. 59% of the surgeries were graded as intermediate and 26% as major or complex. There was no mortality at 30 days from COVID-19 or non COVID-19 causes. There was only 1 (0.65%) readmission. 7 patients (4.57%) developed complications. 1 (0.65%) patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 in the postoperative period while 3 had COVID-19 symptoms but were tested negative. CONCLUSION: Urgent elective surgery is safe and feasible during the COVID-19 pandemic if a dedicated cold site is available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042534/ doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.047 id: cord-309521-2cb992u1 author: Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih title: “COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals’ perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study” date: 2020-05-21 words: 3039.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309521-2cb992u1.txt summary: title: "COVID-19: Results of a national survey of United Kingdom healthcare professionals'' perceptions of current management strategy – a cross-sectional questionnaire study" METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. Respondents were asked five questions regarding their trust preparation for the pandemic: whether they felt supported at their trust, availability of adequate facilities (specialist beds, specified isolated areas) to treat COVID-19 patients, availability of enough PPE, whether there was enough local guidance regarding the pandemic and if sufficient local training was provided. For "daily source of information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic", nearly half of the respondents (n=558, 55.41%) used multiple sources (daily hospital emails, news, social media, Gov.uk, friends and family and other health professionals) while a quarter (n=249, 24.73%) relied on daily hospital emails (Table 3) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has caused a global healthcare crisis with increasing number of people getting infected and dying each day. Different countries have tried to control its spread by applying the basic principles of social distancing and testing. Healthcare professionals have been the frontline workers globally with different opinions regarding the preparation and management of this pandemic. We aim to get the opinion of Healthcare professionals in United Kingdom regarding their perceptions of preparedness in their workplace and general views of current pandemic management strategy. METHOD: A questionnaire survey, drafted using Google Forms, was distributed among Healthcare professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) across the United Kingdom. The study was kept open for the first 2 weeks of April 2020. RESULTS: A total of 1007 responses were obtained with majority of the responses from England (n=850, 84.40 %). There were 670 (66.53%) responses from doctors and 204 (20.26%) from nurses. Most of the respondents (95.23%) had direct patient contact in day to day activity. Only one third of the respondents agreed that they felt supported at their trust and half of the respondents reported that adequate training was provided to the frontline staff. Two-thirds of the respondents were of the view that there was not enough Personal Protective Equipment available while 80% thought that this pandemic has improved their hand washing practice. Most of the respondents were in the favour of an earlier lockdown (90%) and testing all the NHS frontline staff (94%). CONCLUSION: Despite current efforts, it would seem this is not translating to a sense of security amongst the UK NHS workforce in terms of how they feel trained and protected. It is vital that Healthcare professionals have adequate support and protection at their workplace and that these aspects be actively monitored. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120304258?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.042 id: cord-304490-q9ab1pji author: Iqbal, Najaf title: Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date: 2020-04-22 words: 3770.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304490-q9ab1pji.txt summary: We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. In such a scenario, it is interesting to know how the Chinese RMB exchange rate moved with the emerging situation of the covid-19 outbreak, explicitly speaking the number of new daily confirmed cases in Wuhan during this period. This study attempts to document the relationship between local weather (Temperature), economy (Exchange rate of RMB), and covid-19 outbreak (Daily number of new confirmed covid-19 cases) in the Chinese city of Wuhan where it was first reported, using wavelet analysis. abstract: Abstract This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC), and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is used to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. Results reveal significant coherence between series at different time-frequency combinations. Overall results show the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain new covid-19 infections. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies, which show a significant impact of increased temperature in slowing down covid-19 spread. These results can have important implications for economic and containment policy making regarding the covid-19 outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 id: cord-307070-tqxvu3pu author: Iqbal, Phool title: Should We Rely on Screening Tests for Further Management Alone in Polymerase Chain Reaction Negative COVID-19 Patients? A Case Series date: 2020-09-20 words: 2758.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307070-tqxvu3pu.txt summary: However, improvement was observed in the clinical condition of the patients who were managed as per COVID-19 protocol based upon the clinical signs and symptoms after correlating with diagnostic chest imaging studies. The infectious disease team advised testing with COVID-19 serology (immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies through lateral flow assay), the results of which were positive, indicating recent infection. The infectious disease team was consulted and based upon his clinical presentation and previous investigations, the patient was maintained on the local management protocol for COVID-19 infection. Moreover, biomarkers such as CRP, ferritin, lymphocyte counts, lactate dehydrogenase, and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, along with radiological findings in CXR or features such as unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, ground-glass opacities, or consolidations in a chest CT scan, can suggest COVID-19 infection even in such patients where RT-PCR alone is negative [4] . abstract: Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), it has been a challenge to the whole medical community. Researchers and clinicians have been trying to explain and explore its mechanism and pathophysiology to get a better understanding of this disease, as it has exhausted the healthcare resources and has impacted human life in general. Many tests have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the virus and rapid diagnostic testing in patients based on IgM/IgG serology. But owing to variable sensitivity and specificity of these tests, it has created a challenging situation to proceed with the further management plan. We are reporting a case series where we experienced the dilemma of diagnosing COVID-9 disease in our patients and further plan of care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101802/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10555 id: cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author: Iqbal, Sajid title: It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date: 2020-11-12 words: 7944.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303102-ap1dzbp9.txt summary: While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable. abstract: During the COVID-19 outbreak, managing energy consumption and CO(2) emission remained a serious problem. The previous literature rarely solved this real-time issue, and there is a lack of public research proposing an effective way forward on it. However, the study examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The design of the study is quantitative, and the data is acquired from different online databases. The model of the study is inferred by using panel unit root test and ARDL test. The robustness of study findings was checked through panel quantile regression. The findings highlighted that the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively significant with energy consumption and CO(2) emission. The study suggested revising the energy consumption patterns by developing and implementing the national action plan for energy consumption and environmental protection. The study also contributed in knowledge by suggesting the novel insight into CO(2) emission and energy consumption patterns during COVID-19 pandemic and recommended to consider renewable energy transition methods as an opportunity for the society. For a more effective management of energy consumption and environmental pollution, country-specific measures are suggested to be taken, and the national government should support the concerned public departments, ministries and private organizations on it. To the best of our study, this is one of the pioneer studies studying this novel link and suggesting the way forward on recent topicality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33184786/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z id: cord-274602-q9i2k304 author: Iqbal, Yousaf title: Psychiatric presentation of patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective review of 50 consecutive patients seen by a consultation-liaison psychiatry team date: 2020-09-10 words: 3717.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274602-q9i2k304.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Reports of psychiatric morbidity associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection tend to be limited by geography and patients'' clinical status. AIMS: To describe the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction) in referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. 12 Finally, all current studies in hospital settings have restricted themselves to symptomatic patients with COVID-19, although psychiatric consultation-liaison services will also be referred patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 but are physically asymptomatic. The current study aimed to complement existing data by characterising the psychiatric morbidity associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients referred to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. As such it offers a broad clinical picture of the psychiatric problems associated with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, occurring in a general hospital setting, and including patients who are symptomatic and asymptomatic for COVID-19 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports of psychiatric morbidity associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection tend to be limited by geography and patients’ clinical status. Representative samples are needed to inform service planning and research. AIMS: To describe the psychiatric morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction) in referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Qatar. METHOD: Retrospective review of 50 consecutive referrals. RESULTS: Most patients were male. Median age was 39.5 years. Thirty-one patients were symptomatic (upper respiratory tract symptoms or pneumonia) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 were asymptomatic (no characteristic physical symptoms of COVID-19 infection). Seventeen patients (34%) had a past psychiatric history including eight with bipolar I disorder or psychosis, all of whom relapsed. Thirty patients (60%) had physical comorbidity. The principal psychiatric diagnoses made by the consultation-liaison team were delirium (n = 13), psychosis (n = 9), acute stress reaction (n = 8), anxiety disorder (n = 8), depression (n = 8) and mania (n = 8). Delirium was confined to the COVID-19 symptomatic group (the exception being one asymptomatic patient with concurrent physical illness). The other psychiatric diagnoses spanned the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with COVID. One patient with COVID-19 pneumonia experienced an ischaemic stroke. Approximately half the patients with mania and psychosis had no past psychiatric history. Three patients self-harmed. The commonest psychiatric symptoms were sleep disturbance (70%), anxiety (64%), agitation (50%), depressed mood (42%) and irritability (36%). CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of psychiatric morbidity is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is seen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Cases of psychosis and mania represented relapses in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and also new onset cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32907692/ doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.85 id: cord-354888-448eqhg8 author: Irarrázaval, María J. title: Telemedicine for postoperative follow-up, virtual surgical clinics during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 words: 2858.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354888-448eqhg8.txt summary: The aim of the present prospective study is to compare the use of telemedicine clinics to in-person follow-up for postoperative care after gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 outbreak. Due to the current context and the urgent need to maintain social distance, reorganize human resources and keep patients away from clinical areas; our gastrointestinal surgery team implemented a contingency strategy based on telemedicine for postoperative patient care. This study aims to report our results using telemedicine consults for postoperative care and compare them to in-person follow-up after gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 outbreak. Only 2.8% of patients needed an in-person consultation with an attending surgeon, and only 1.9% visited the ED following a telemedicine appointment. While further prospective studies are needed to support the safety of telemedicine in postoperative care, we found that a telemedicine protocol could be safely implemented for gastrointestinal surgery follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Recent coronavirus outbreak and “stay at home” policies have accelerated the implementation of virtual healthcare. Many surgery departments are implementing telemedicine to enhance remote perioperative care. However, concern still arises regarding the safety of this modality in postoperative follow-up after gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of the present prospective study is to compare the use of telemedicine clinics to in-person follow-up for postoperative care after gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: Prospective study that included all abdominal surgery patients operated since the COVID-19 outbreak. On discharge, patients were given the option to perform their postoperative follow-up appointment by telemedicine or by in-person clinics. Demographic, perioperative, and follow-up variables were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 219 patients who underwent abdominal surgery, 106 (48%) had their postoperative follow-up using telemedicine. There were no differences in age, gender, ASA score, and COVID-19 positive rate between groups. Patients who preferred telemedicine over in-person follow-up were more likely to have undergone laparoscopic surgery (71% vs. 51%, P = 0.037) and emergency surgery (55% vs. 41%; P = 0.038). Morbidity rate for telemedicine and in-person group was 5.7% and 8%, (P = 0.50). Only 2.8% of patients needed an in-person visit following the telemedicine consult, and 1.9% visited the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: In the current pandemic, telemedicine follow-up can be safely and effectively performed in selected surgical patients. Patients who underwent laparoscopic and emergency procedures opted more for telemedicine than in-person follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-08130-1 doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-08130-1 id: cord-332547-m9mb3c22 author: Iravani, Behzad title: Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population date: 2020-05-22 words: 5673.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332547-m9mb3c22.txt summary: From March to April, Folkhälsomyndigheten randomly sampled 738 individuals in the Stockholm region and, based on this data, together with available data from the health care system and the contagion factor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, modeled the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Stockholm population over time. Finally, for the test-retest reliability, we used a Pearson correlation between odor intensity ratings in the first session and second session in individuals who provided data in more than 1 session and who reported no symptoms in both. The marked drop in olfactory functions between sessions when participants started to report COVID-19 symptoms suggests that odor measures might serve as a clear indicator of COVID-19 at an individual level beyond the population level demonstrated here. abstract: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = −0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441744/ doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034 id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3 author: Irfan, M. title: The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia date: 2020-10-30 words: 4823.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt summary: This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. The sudden change in the mode of teaching due to the potential risk of death caused by COVID-19, isolation, and lockdown have increased the anxiety level and created extreme stress to the general public [4] and students alike [5] The abnormal stress and depression amongst students not only affect their performance but also is associated with heightened self-injury and suicidal attempts [6] . abstract: This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. We collected data from 958 students from 16 different universities using an originally designed questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) was used to estimate the anxiety. We find that 12.3% students were normal, whereas 30.5% were experiencing mild, 31.1% moderate,and 26.1% severe anxiety. Surprisingly, only 37.2% of students were aware of mental health support which was provided by their universities. Moreover,it was found that gender as male (Odds Ratio (OR= 0.798, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 0.61-1.04)) and having internet access (OR = 0.44, 95% CI= 0.24-0.80) were alleviating factors for the anxiety. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. We suggest that the government of Malaysia should monitor the mental health of the university students more closely and universities should open online mental health support clinics to avoid the adverse impacts of the anxiety disorder. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.20220723v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220723 id: cord-277110-e27lm7rr author: Iria, Neri title: Major cluster of pediatric “ true ” primary chilblains during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a consequence of lifestyle changes due to lockdown date: 2020-06-13 words: 2903.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277110-e27lm7rr.txt summary: We reported demographical, laboratory and clinical features, history of close contact with COVID‐19 patients, presence of similar skin lesions in other family members, precipitating and risk factors for chilblain onset. All rights reserved In April 2020, we observed a growing number of chilblain-like manifestations similar to coldinduced lesions during the pandemic, with the opportunity to study 8 cases, 2 children and 6 adolescents, and report here our results. The aim of this study is to verify whether the chilblain-like lesions were a cutaneous clue for SARS-CoV-2 infection or due to other causes. All rights reserved -PCR-assay on blood samples for Parvovirus B19 DNA and Enterovirus RNA -PCR-assay on skin biopsy for Parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2 was performed in a single patient (12.5%). Various cutaneous findings were observed in adults infected with COVID-19 and, simultaneously, a marked increase of chilblain-like lesions occurred worldwide among children during the COVID-19 pandemic 10, 11 In our cases we exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the last months, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a growing number of chilblain‐like lesions was reported mainly in children, rarely in young adults. The relationship with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was postulated, often without any laboratory, instrumental or clinical confirmation. The disclosure of information about chilblain‐like lesions as a COVID‐19 manifestation in social media has created concern in children’s families and pediatricians OBJECTIVES: to verify whether the chilblain‐like lesions were caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. METHODS: prospective study on a case series including children who presented with acral lesions at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient and Pediatric Emergency Unit of the University of Bologna, from April 1 to April 30, 2020. We reported demographical, laboratory and clinical features, history of close contact with COVID‐19 patients, presence of similar skin lesions in other family members, precipitating and risk factors for chilblain onset. RESULTS: We evaluated 8 patients (5 females, 3 males) aged between 11 and 15 years. We excluded acute or previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with RT‐PCR nasopharyngeal swab, serum antibody levels using chemiluminescent immunoassays. Other acute infections causing purpuric lesions at the extremities were negative in all patients. Skin lesion biopsy for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was made in two cases and was consistent with chilblain. PCR‐assay on skin lesion biopsy for Parvovirus B19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and SARS‐CoV‐2 was performed in a patient and resulted negative. We identified common precipitating and risk factors: physical (cold and wet extremities, low BMI), cold and wet indoor and outdoor environment, behaviors, habits, lifestyle. We therefore reached a diagnosis of primary chilblains. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, a “cluster” of primary chilblains developed in predisposed subjects, mainly teenagers, due to to cold exposure in the lockdown period. Laboratory findings support our hypothesis, although it is also possible that an unknown infectious trigger may have contributed to the pathogenesis. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16751 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16751 id: cord-343093-qjg5az3d author: Irie, Kei title: Pharmacokinetics of Favipiravir in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-31 words: 2353.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343093-qjg5az3d.txt summary: We measured the serum concentration of FPV using high‐performance liquid chromatography in patients with severe COVID‐19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on mechanical ventilation. FPV trough concentration in critically ill patients was much lower than that of healthy subjects in a previous clinical trial, which is a cause for great concern. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU on mechanical ventilation and administered FPV tablets (AVIGAN ® tablet 200 mg, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) between May 19, 2020 and April 16, 2020 in Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital were eligible for this observational study. In the present study, we evaluated FPV serum concentrations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU and required mechanical ventilation. Previous studies on oral drug formulations report decreased concentration when administered through nasogastric tube in critically ill patients (18, 19) . abstract: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has been rapidly spreading worldwide and causing the respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The anti‐retroviral drug favipiravir (FPV) has been experimentally used for COVID‐19 treatment since March 2020 in Japan. However, the pharmacokinetics of FPV in critically ill patients is unknown. We measured the serum concentration of FPV using high‐performance liquid chromatography in patients with severe COVID‐19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit and placed on mechanical ventilation. The patients were administered 1600 mg of FPV twice daily on Day 1, followed by 600 mg twice daily from Day 2 to Day 5 (or more if needed). Suspensions of FPV tablets were administered through a nasogastric tube. Seven patients were enrolled in this study. Forty‐nine blood samples were obtained from the eligible patients to evaluate FPV concentration. The FPV trough (after 8–12 h) concentrations of most samples were lower than the lower limit of quantification (1 µg/mL) and EC(50) (9.7 µg/mL) against SARS‐CoV‐2 previously tested in vitro. FPV trough concentration in critically ill patients was much lower than that of healthy subjects in a previous clinical trial, which is a cause for great concern. Further study is required to determine the optimal strategy for treatment of patients with severe COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12827 doi: 10.1111/cts.12827 id: cord-317849-i80zf67c author: Isautier, J. M. title: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: People''s experiences and satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-09-11 words: 4234.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317849-i80zf67c.txt summary: Six overarching themes were identified from free-text responses of why telehealth experience was poorer than a traditional in-person medical appointment: communication is not as effective; limitations with technology; issues with obtaining prescriptions and pathology; reduced confidence in doctor; additional burden for complex care; and inability to be physically examined. Despite the increase in telehealth, little is known about people''s experience of telehealth services compared to traditional-in person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. An independent samples t-test was used to compare perceived usefulness of telehealth medical appointments once the COVID-19 emergency ends between those who rated their telehealth experience as worse, and those who reported the experience to be the same or better, than an in-person medical visit. Those who rated their telehealth experience as worse than traditional-in person visits were more likely to be male, have lower patient activation (individuals'' willingness to take on the role of managing their health and healthcare), or have a history of both depression and anxiety. abstract: Objectives: To determine how participants perceived telehealth consults in comparison to traditional in-person visits, and to investigate whether people believe that telehealth services would be useful beyond the pandemic. Design: A national cross-sectional community survey. Participants: Australian adults aged 18 years and over (n=1369). Main outcome measures: Telehealth experiences. Results: Of the 596 telehealth users, the majority of respondents (62%) rated their telehealth experience as "just as good" or "better" than a traditional in-person medical appointment. On average, respondents perceived that telehealth would be moderately to very useful for medical appointments after the COVID-19 pandemic is over (M=3.67 out of 5, SD=1.1). Being male (p=0.007), having a history of both depression and anxiety (p=0.037), or lower patient activation (individuals' willingness to take on the role of managing their health/healthcare) (p=0.037) were associated with a poorer telehealth experience. Six overarching themes were identified from free-text responses of why telehealth experience was poorer than a traditional in-person medical appointment: communication is not as effective; limitations with technology; issues with obtaining prescriptions and pathology; reduced confidence in doctor; additional burden for complex care; and inability to be physically examined. Conclusions: Telehealth appointments were reported to be comparable to traditional in-person medical appointments by most of our sample. Telehealth should continue to be offered as a mode of healthcare delivery while the pandemic continues and may be worthwhile beyond the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.20192336v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20192336 id: cord-338517-1mxcssjj author: Ishay, Yuval title: Antibody response to SARS‐Co‐V‐2, diagnostic and therapeutic implications date: 2020-08-26 words: 7387.0 sentences: 399.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338517-1mxcssjj.txt summary: The phage display method, allowing rapid and wide display of proteins directly correlated to their associated genes, can detect NAbs against SARS-CoV from both naïve and immune antibody libraries, capable of blocking the binding of S1 domain, thereby showing virus neutralization and prophylaxis capability either in vitro or in the animal models (31, 33, 36) . Another method, possibly allowing the production and utilization of existing NAbs, may include the use of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation of human B cells to improve the isolation of NAbs from the memory B cells harvested from the SARS-CoV infected patients (11) . Experimental and clinical data on the use of convalescent plasma products and humanized monoclonal antibodies for H5N1 influenza infection have also shown positive outcomes, and this treatment was proposed as a mean for overcoming anti-viral drug resistance (62, 79, 80) . In a study involving 20 patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection, administration of convalescent plasma reduced respiratory tract viral load, serum cytokine response, and mortality (81) . abstract: The immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 is comprised of both cellular and humoral arms. While current diagnostic methods are mainly based on PCR, they suffer from insensitivity. Therefore, antibody‐based serological tests are being developed to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity. Current efforts in treating SARS‐CoV‐2 infection include blocking of viral entry into the host cells, prohibiting viral replication and survival in the host cells, or reducing the exaggerated host immune response. Administration of convalescent plasma containing anti‐viral antibodies was proposed to improve the outcome in severe cases. In this paper, we review some of the aspects associated with the development of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 and their potential use for improved diagnosis and therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1600 doi: 10.1002/hep4.1600 id: cord-350907-lazslqn0 author: Isik, Ahmet Turan title: Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician’s Perspective date: 2020-07-06 words: 1533.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350907-lazslqn0.txt summary: 1, 2 Regarding the severe course of the disease in the elderly, I would like to draw attention to some issues related to the diagnosis of Covid-19 infections in older patients. 2, 3 Older patients, especially frail ones with multiple comorbidities, may not show typical symptoms, such as fever, cough, chest discomfort, or excessive sputum production in pulmonary infections as much as young people do, and thus atypical presentations may be an important issue that causes delayed diagnosis of Covid-19 infections. 5, 11 In a study examining the cases in Wuhan, China, the origin of the infection, it was reported that the disease progresses more severely and even causes deaths, especially in older patients and individuals with chronic diseases. Furthermore, while Covid-19 is severe and fatal in older adults, evaluation of individuals over 65 years of age with a geriatrician''s perspective is very important. abstract: The pandemic of the Covid-19 virus has become the main issue all over the world. In its current form, the disease is more severe in geriatric cases and individuals with chronic disease, even causing death. In older adults and atypical presentations, testing strategies for Covid-19, potential drug interactions of experimental Covid-19 therapies, and ageism are important issues in the course of the disease. Therefore, health-care professionals should be aware of these, and screening policies for Covid-19 should also include atypical presentations with or without classical symptoms of the illness in older adults. Furthermore, evaluation of individuals > 65 years of age from a geriatrician’s perspective is very important, because Covid-19 is severe and fatal in seniors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32753857/ doi: 10.2147/cia.s260972 id: cord-254191-5cxv9l3c author: Islam, A.K.M. Najmul title: Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective date: 2020-07-12 words: 11923.0 sentences: 668.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254191-5cxv9l3c.txt summary: Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lack of critique on thoughts and the amplification of radical ideas by the virtual echo-chambers created by social media have been claimed to contribute to increased dissemination of misinformation (Barberá et al., T During COVID-19, clear communication of the severity of the situation and recommended health measures was needed to ensure people took correct action and did not suffer from unnecessary anxiety (Farooq et al., 2020) . From Table 2 , DS-R is the most critical predictor followed by exploration, self-promotion, religiosity, SMF, and entertainment in predicting unverified information sharing. We found that SMF, self-promotion, entertainment, exploration, DS-R, and religiosity all predicted unverified COVID-19 information sharing on social media. abstract: Social media plays a significant role during pandemics such as COVID-19, as it enables people to share news as well as personal experiences and viewpoints with one another in real-time, globally. Building off the affordance lens and cognitive load theory, we investigate how motivational factors and personal attributes influence social media fatigue and the sharing of unverified information during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we develop a model which we analyse using the structural equation modelling and neural network techniques with data collected from young adults in Bangladesh (N = 433). The results show that people, who are driven by self-promotion and entertainment, and those suffering from deficient self-regulation, are more likely to share unverified information. Exploration and religiosity correlated negatively with the sharing of unverified information. However, exploration also increased social media fatigue. Our findings indicate that the different use purposes of social media introduce problematic consequences, in particular, increased misinformation sharing. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201 doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120201 id: cord-276177-hhmd8ilk author: Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul title: Are meteorological factors enhancing COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh? Novel findings from a compound Poisson generalized linear modeling approach date: 2020-10-28 words: 6426.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276177-hhmd8ilk.txt summary: Since there is a close association between other viral infection cases by epidemics and environmental factors, this study intends to unveil meteorological effects on the outbreak of COVID-19 across eight divisions of Bangladesh from March to April 2020. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Bangladesh using compound Poisson generalized linear modeling (CPGLM), a unique approach across the eight divisions of Bangladesh along with the Monte-Carlo method and random forest (RF) model. We employed the compound Poisson generalized linear model (CPGLMs) for exploring the relationship between daily meteorological variables (TDN, MT, NHR, MRH, AH, and rainfall), and daily confirmed cases from COVID-19 across Bangladesh from March 8 to April 30, 2020. Many studies have reported that temperature and relative humidity are the most contributing climatic variables influencing COVID-19 cases in other countries Shi et al. abstract: Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease has arisen to be a pandemic. Since there is a close association between other viral infection cases by epidemics and environmental factors, this study intends to unveil meteorological effects on the outbreak of COVID-19 across eight divisions of Bangladesh from March to April 2020. A compound Poisson generalized linear modeling (CPGLM), along with a Monte-Carlo method and random forest (RF) model, was employed to explore how meteorological factors affecting the COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh. Results showed that subtropical climate (mean temperature about 26.6 °C, mean relative humidity (MRH) 64%, and rainfall approximately 3 mm) enhanced COVD-19 onset. The CPGLM model revealed that every 1 mm increase in rainfall elevated by 30.99% (95% CI 77.18%, − 15.20%) COVID-19 cases, while an increase of 1 °C of diurnal temperature (TDN) declined the confirmed cases by − 14.2% (95% CI 9.73%, − 38.13%) on the lag 1 and lag 2, respectively. In addition, NRH and MRH had the highest increase (17.98% (95% CI 22.5%, 13.42%) and 19.92% (95% CI: 25.71%, 14.13%)) of COVID-19 cased in lag 4. The results of the RF model indicated that TDN and AH (absolute humidity) influence the COVID-19 cases most. In the Dhaka division, MRH is the most vital meteorological factor that affects COVID-19 deaths. This study indicates the humidity and rainfall are crucial factors affecting the COVID-19 case, which is contrary to many previous studies in other countries. These outcomes can have policy formulation for the suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33118070/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11273-2 id: cord-252714-idlyl4ga author: Islam, M. Saiful title: Current knowledge of COVID-19 and infection prevention and control strategies in healthcare settings: A global analysis date: 2020-05-15 words: 5654.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252714-idlyl4ga.txt summary: 1,2 Outbreaks of newly emerging or remerging infectious diseases present a unique challenge and a threat to healthcare providers (HCPs) and other frontline responders due to limited understanding of the emerging threat and reliance on infection prevention and control (IPC) measures that may not consider all transmission dynamics of the emerging pathogens. We searched publications in English on ''PubMed'' and Google Scholar for the period between January 1 and April 27, 2020, using the following search terms: "2019-nCoV" or "COVID-19" or "2019 novel coronavirus" or "SARS-CoV-2." To identify COVID-19 IPC guidelines, we visited the websites of the international public health agencies such as CDC, ECDC, WHO, as well as the Australian Government Department of Health, the Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control of the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, and Public Health England. abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the current absence of a vaccine for COVID-19, public health responses aim to break the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. We reviewed the current evidence on the transmission dynamics and on pathogenic and clinical features of COVID-19 to critically identify any gaps in the current infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines. METHODS: In this study, we reviewed global COVID-19 IPC guidelines by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidelines from 2 high-income countries (Australia and United Kingdom) and from 1 middle-income country (China) were also reviewed. We searched publications in English on ‘PubMed’ and Google Scholar. We extracted information related to COVID-19 transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and exposures that may facilitate transmission. We then compared these findings with the recommended IPC measures. RESULTS: Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral–fecal or fecal–droplet route. However, the IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes, and the recommendations also conflict with each other. Most guidelines recommend surgical masks for healthcare providers during routine care and N95 respirators for aerosol-generating procedures. However, recommendations regarding the type of face mask varied, and the CDC recommends cloth masks when surgical masks are unavailable. CONCLUSION: IPC strategies should consider all the possible routes of transmission and should target all patient care activities involving risk of person-to-person transmission. This review may assist international health agencies in updating their guidelines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408911/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.237 id: cord-345655-fb4vv4my author: Islam, M. Z. title: Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh date: 2020-10-29 words: 3424.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345655-fb4vv4my.txt summary: title: Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. A study conducted on outcomes of the COVID-19 patients found that non-survivors were more often older and men, and they had a higher prevalence of DM, hyperlipidemia and CHDs. The history of current tobacco uses and having COPD was more among the non-survivors [11] . Based on these realities, in this particular study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients. We conducted this single centred retrospective cohort study to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course. abstract: Diverse risk factors intercede the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. Data were collected by telephone-interview and reviewing records using a questionnaire and checklist. The study identified morbidity and mortality risk factors on the 28th day of the disease course. The majority of the patients were male (64.1%) and belonged to the age group 25–39 years (39.4%). Urban patients were higher in proportion than rural (69.3% vs. 30.7%). Major comorbidities included 35.0% diabetes mellitus (DM), 28.4% hypertension (HTN), 16.6% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7.8% coronary heart disease (CHD). The morbidity rate (not-cured) was 6.0%, and the mortality rate (non-survivor) was 2.5%. Morbidity risk factors included elderly (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.31–4.99), having comorbidity (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.83–2.47), and smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.84–5.61). The morbidity risk was higher with COPD (RR = 2.68), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 3.33) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (RR = 3.99). Mortality risk factors included elderly (AOR = 7.56, 95% CI = 3.19–17.92), having comorbidity (AOR = 5.27, 95% CI = 1.88–14.79) and SLT use (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.50–7.46). The mortality risk was higher with COPD (RR = 7.30), DM (RR = 2.63), CHD (RR = 4.65), HTN (RR = 3.38), CKD (RR = 9.03), CLD (RR = 10.52) and malignant diseases (RR = 9.73). We must espouse programme interventions considering the morbidity and mortality risk factors to condense the aggressive outcomes of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002630 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002630 id: cord-252795-x66zqmgv author: Islam, Md. Akhtarul title: Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-08-26 words: 4011.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252795-x66zqmgv.txt summary: title: Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey Following the detection of first COVID-19 case on March 8, 2020 [6] , Bangladesh like many other countries put the lockdown strategy into effect on March 26, 2020 , to ensure ''social distance'' through ''home quarantine'' to curb the ''spread'' among its population [7] [8] [9] , since a precise treatment or vaccine for the infected and people at risk are yet to achieved by the global health community [10, 11] . The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is creating a psycho-emotional chaotic situation as countries have been reporting a sharp rise of mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, stress, sleep disorder as well as fear, among its citizens [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] , that eventually increased the substance use [15] and sometimes suicidal behavior [20] [21] [22] . Researchers in China observed that the greater exposure to ''misinformation'' through social media are more likely contributing to the development of anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems among its population of different socioeconomic background [23] [24] [25] [26] . abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed at identifying the determinants of depression and anxiety. A total of 476 university students living in Bangladesh participated in this cross-sectional web-based survey. A standardized e-questionnaire was generated using the Google Form, and the link was shared through social media—Facebook. The information was analyzed in three consecutive levels, such as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Students were experiencing heightened depression and anxiety. Around 15% of the students reportedly had moderately severe depression, whereas 18.1% were severely suffering from anxiety. The binary logistic regression suggests that older students have greater depression (OR = 2.886, 95% CI = 0.961–8.669). It is also evident that students who provided private tuition in the pre-pandemic period had depression (OR = 1.199, 95% CI = 0.736–1.952). It is expected that both the government and universities could work together to fix the academic delays and financial problems to reduce depression and anxiety among university students. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238162 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238162 id: cord-301391-5dvf1mi0 author: Islam, Md. Milon title: Breathing Aid Devices to Support Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)Infected Patients date: 2020-08-19 words: 4402.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301391-5dvf1mi0.txt summary: It is a matter of hope that the recent deployment of small-scale technologies like 3D printer, microcontroller, ventilator, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are mostly used to resolve the problem associated with medical equipment''s for breathing. We described the most recent developed breathing aid devices such as oxygen therapy devices, ventilator, and CPAP throughout the review. The review described breathing aid devices like oxygen therapy devices, ventilators, and CPAP devices. Breathing aid devices are used to support the patients who have acute respiration problem due to pneumonia associated diseases like COVID-19, asthma, and dry coughing. The key feature of this study is that without any respiration tubes, the proposed device can provide necessary ventilation to the patient''s lungs with the blower unit. A lowcost, microcontroller controlled electro-mechanical device is developed in [61] for the respiratory support of COVID-19 infected patients. [66] proposed a multi-powered CPAP device for respiratory support for the patients having a breathing problem. abstract: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic, is threatening the whole population all over the world including the nations having high or low resource health infrastructure. The number of infection as well as death cases are increasing day by day, and outperforming all the records of previously found infectious diseases. This pandemic is imposing specific pressures on the medical system almost the whole globe. The respiration problem is the main complication that a COVID-19 infected patient faced generally. It is a matter of hope that the recent deployment of small-scale technologies like 3D printer, microcontroller, ventilator, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are mostly used to resolve the problem associated with medical equipment’s for breathing. This paper aims to overview the existing technologies which are frequently used to support the infected patients for respiration. We described the most recent developed breathing aid devices such as oxygen therapy devices, ventilator, and CPAP throughout the review. A comparative analysis among the developed devices with necessary challenges and possible future directions are also outlined for the proper selection of affordable technologies. It is expected that this paper would be of great help to the experts who would like to contribute in this area. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063053/ doi: 10.1007/s42979-020-00300-1 id: cord-354819-gkbfbh00 author: Islam, Md. Zabirul title: A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images date: 2020-08-15 words: 3669.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354819-gkbfbh00.txt summary: title: A Combined Deep CNN-LSTM Network for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images This paper aims to introduce a deep learning technique based on the combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to diagnose COVID-19 automatically from X-ray images. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a deep learning based system that combines the CNN and LSTM networks to automatically detect COVID-19 from X-ray images. By analyzing the results, it is demonstrated that a combination of CNN and LSTM has significant effects on the detection of COVID-19 based on the automatic extraction of features from X-ray images. We introduced a deep CNN-LSTM network for the detection of novel COVID-19 from X-ray images. Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks Automated detection of COVID-19 cases using deep neural networks with X-ray images abstract: Nowadays, automatic disease detection has become a crucial issue in medical science due to rapid population growth. An automatic disease detection framework assists doctors in the diagnosis of disease and provides exact, consistent, and fast results and reduces the death rate. Coronavirus (COVID-19) has become one of the most severe and acute diseases in recent times and has spread globally. Therefore, an automated detection system, as the fastest diagnostic option, should be implemented to impede COVID-19 from spreading. This paper aims to introduce a deep learning technique based on the combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to diagnose COVID-19 automatically from X-ray images. In this system, CNN is used for deep feature extraction and LSTM is used for detection using the extracted feature. A collection of 4575 X-ray images, including 1525 images of COVID-19, were used as a dataset in this system. The experimental results show that our proposed system achieved an accuracy of 99.4%, AUC of 99.9%, specificity of 99.2%, sensitivity of 99.3%, and F1-score of 98.9%. The system achieved desired results on the currently available dataset, which can be further improved when more COVID-19 images become available. The proposed system can help doc-tors to diagnose and treat COVID-19 patients easily. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835084/ doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100412 id: cord-118509-nws464ug author: Islam, Muhammad Nazrul title: A Survey on the Use of AI and ML for Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 words: 5214.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-118509-nws464ug.txt summary: In our review, we have explored the objectives/aims of the existing studies (i.e., the role of AI/ML in fighting COVID-19 pandemic); context of the study (i.e., study focused to a specific country-context or with a global perspective); type and volume of dataset; methodology, algorithms or techniques adopted in the prediction or diagnosis processes; and mapping the algorithms/techniques with the data type highlighting their prediction/classification accuracy. Most of the articles (n =16, 48%) were published focusing to detect the COVID-19 infected patients using different AI-based algorithms that include, for example, the Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) model, Support Vector Machine (SVM), generative adversarial network (GAN), and the transfer learning. abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made a paradigm shift in health care which, eventually can be used for decision support and forecasting by exploring the medical data. Recent studies showed that AI and ML can be used to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of this review study is to summarize the recent AI and ML based studies that have focused to fight against COVID-19 pandemic. From an initial set of 634 articles, a total of 35 articles were finally selected through an extensive inclusion-exclusion process. In our review, we have explored the objectives/aims of the existing studies (i.e., the role of AI/ML in fighting COVID-19 pandemic); context of the study (i.e., study focused to a specific country-context or with a global perspective); type and volume of dataset; methodology, algorithms or techniques adopted in the prediction or diagnosis processes; and mapping the algorithms/techniques with the data type highlighting their prediction/classification accuracy. We particularly focused on the uses of AI/ML in analyzing the pandemic data in order to depict the most recent progress of AI for fighting against COVID-19 and pointed out the potential scope of further research. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07449v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-333792-h4f125hr author: Islamoglu, Yuce title: Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia date: 2020-10-19 words: 1644.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333792-h4f125hr.txt summary: title: Objective evaluation of the nasal mucosal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia AIMS: To evaluate nasal mucosal secretion objectively in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. Invasion of the olfactory bulb and central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to anosmia in COVID-19, which may cause olfactory dysfunction. European otolaryngologists observed severe olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions without rhinorrhea or nasal obstruction in COVID-19 patients but there is no objective evaluation [7] [8] [9] . Our aim is in our study to investigate the nasal secretion in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. COVID-19 patients who had a previous history of nasal surgery, smoking, and previous history of olfaction dysfunction were excluded from the study. This is the first study of the objective evaluation of the nasal mucosa secretions in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. According to our study, SARS-CoV-2 causes anosmia without affecting nasal mucosa secretions. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a new disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The olfactory dysfunction linked to COVID-19 is not associated with rhinorrhea but there is no objective evaluation. AIMS: To evaluate nasal mucosal secretion objectively in COVID-19 patients with anosmia. METHODS: Fifty-two COVID-19 patients with anosmia and 51 healthy individuals included. Anosmia was diagnosed by subjective questionnaires. Nasal Schirmer test was done to the left and the right nasal cavity separately. RESULTS: All patients had anosmia and 82.6% had gustatory dysfunction. In group 1, the mean of the nasal Schirmer test results in the right cavity was 12.4 mm, 12.01 mm in the left nasal cavity. The median wetting distance (right plus left divided by two) was calculated 12.21 mm. In group 2, the mean of the nasal Schirmer test results in the right cavity was 12.1 mm, 11.8 mm in the left nasal cavity. The median wetting distance (right plus left divided by two) was calculated11.97 mm. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of nasal schirmer. CONCLUSION: Olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction are the two of the unknown for this disease. We evaluated the nasal mucosa secretions in COVID-19 patients with anosmia objectively to evaluate if there is inflammation in the nasal mucosa. We found no difference between healthy individuals. According to our study, SARS-CoV-2 causes anosmia without causing nasal mucosal inflammation. Invasion of the olfactory bulb and central nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to anosmia in COVID-19, which may cause olfactory dysfunction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074449/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02405-1 id: cord-329561-4cz2jtt7 author: Ismael, F. title: Post-infection depression, anxiety and PTSD: a retrospective cohort study with mild COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-31 words: 5393.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329561-4cz2jtt7.txt summary: We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD, adjusting for previous mental health status, time between baseline and outcome, and other confounders. Through this analysis, we investigated the association between COVID-19 symptoms and post-infection depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 in Brazil. We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD in the follow-up assessment, adjusting for previous mental health status, and the time between the baseline and outcome, among other possible confounders. Table 3 presents the results of the logistic regression models of the exposure (previous total number of symptoms of COVID-19) for the outcomes (categorical diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorder and PTSD). abstract: Background: It remains unclear whether COVID-19 is associated with psychiatric symptoms during or after the acute illness phase. Being affected by the disease exposes the individual to an uncertain prognosis and a state of quarantine. These factors can predispose individuals to the development of mental symptoms during or after the acute phase of the disease. There is a need for prospective studies assessing mental health symptoms in COVID-19 patients in the post-infection period. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 tests were collected at patients homes under the supervision of trained healthcare personnel. Patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were classified as mild cases (N=895) at treatment intake were further assessed for the presence of mental health disorders (on average, 56.6 days after the intake). We investigated the association between the number of COVID-19 symptoms at intake and depression, anxiety and PTSD, adjusting for previous mental health status, time between baseline and outcome, and other confounders. Multivariate logistic regression and generalized linear models were employed for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively. Findings: Depression, anxiety and PTSD were reported by 26.2% (N=235), 22.4% (N=201), and 17.3% (N=155) of the sample. Reporting an increased number of COVID-related symptoms was associated with depression (aOR=1.059;95%CI=1.002-1.119), anxiety (aOR=1.072;95%CI=1.012-1.134), and PTSD (aOR=1.092;95%CI=1.024-1.166). Sensitivity analyses supported findings for both continuous and categorical measures. Interpretation: Exposure to an increased number of COVID-19 symptoms may predispose individuals to depression, anxiety and PTSD after the acute phase of the disease. These patients should be monitored for the development of mental health disorders after COVID-19 treatment discharge. Early interventions, such as brief interventions of psychoeducation on coping strategies, could benefit these individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.25.20182113 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20182113 id: cord-342303-ddulfe06 author: Ismael, Julia title: Multidisciplinary approach to COVID-19 and cancer: consensus from scientific societies in Argentina date: 2020-05-13 words: 7121.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342303-ddulfe06.txt summary: METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. In cases where the overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy may be small, and where there are no immunosuppressive options available (for example, hormonal therapy in early-stage hormone-dependant breast cancer), the risk of infection from COVID-19 can be considered as an additional factor to evaluate before the different options available to the patient. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The world is living through an outbreak of an acute respiratory syndrome caused by a new betacoronavirus known as coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which has been declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organisation. Cancer patients are a very special population in this setting since they are more susceptible to viral infections than the general population. Several recommendations have been made on this issue, most of them based on expert opinion and institutional experience. It is essential to gather the evidence available for decision making. OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence available in order to create a multi-institutional position from the perspective of scientific societies in Argentina involved in the management of cancer patients. METHODOLOGY: The review included two phases: 1) search and systematic revision of the medical literature; 2) consensus and revision of the document drafted by national scientific societies involved in the management and care of cancer patients using the modified Delphi method. The final results were presented at a videoconference with all the participants. Also, additional comment and recommendations were discussed. The final document was revised and approved for publication by the members of the panel. RESULTS: The consensus panel included 18 representatives from scientific societies from Argentina who assessed the evidence and then made recommendations for the management of cancer patients in our country. International guidelines (CDC; ASCO, NCCN and ESMO) were considered as a background for analysis, as well as institutional guidelines and an open ad hoc survey administered to 114 healthcare professionals from the scientific societies involved in this study. The recommendations are grouped as follows: 1) general care interventions—training of the personnel, cleaning and disinfection of the hospital premises and patient scheduling; 2) treatment decisions—patient care, surgeries, immunosuppressive therapy, radiotherapy and screening; 3) ethical considerations—optimisation of resources, end-of-life care for critically-ill patients; 4) management of hospitalised patients; and 5) wellbeing of the healthcare team. The general recommendation arising from the study is that the management of cancer patients must adapt to the exceptional pandemic status quo without disregarding treatment or cure options. Moreover, healthcare professional accompaniment of all patients should not be neglected. All healthcare professionals must make a significant joint effort to create multidisciplinary teams to discuss the most appropriate measures for each particular situation. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence available on this topic worldwide is in progress. This together with the epidemiologically shifting scenario poses unprecedented challenges in the management of cancer amidst this global pandemic. Furthermore, the key role of the healthcare structural organisation appears evident, such as the drafting of clear guidelines for all the stakeholders, adaptability to constant change and an interdisciplinary shared vision through consensus to provide adequate care to our cancer patients in the light of uncertainty and fast-paced change. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1044 id: cord-268617-1t7yaoct author: Ismaili, Nabil title: COVID-19 and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of International Recommendations date: 2020-08-31 words: 3974.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268617-1t7yaoct.txt summary: Given this epidemiological context, the establishment of guidelines for patients with gynecological cancers, requiring multidisciplinary management during the global COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial to limit their infection while maintaining their chances for a cure. The surgical prioritization is determined according to: The highest priority should be given to the surgical treatment of high-risk cancers, especially those candidates for minimally invasive surgery (such as robotic surgery) and short hospital stay, in addition to potentially curative procedures for early-stage cancers. In stage II endometrial cancer, proceed with radical surgery and consider adjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk factors (same as stage I). For patients with advanced stage (stages III/IV) high-grade epithelial (serous or endometrioid) ovarian cancer, the standard treatment is based on primary debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (protocol based on the result of the surgery). abstract: Morocco and the rest of the world are experiencing a pandemic of a new coronavirus known as COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). On August 24, 2020, the spread of the virus in Morocco had caused more than 52,000 cases and 880 deaths. Cancer patients are more susceptible to develop an infection than people without cancer because of their immunosuppression caused by the disease and treatments (surgery and chemotherapy). Therefore, these patients are at higher risk of infection with COVID-19 and a much higher risk of developing more serious forms. Given this epidemiological context, the establishment of guidelines for patients with gynecological cancers, requiring multidisciplinary management during the global COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial to limit their infection while maintaining their chances for a cure. In this paper, we summarize the international COVID-19 recommendations on the prioritization of surgical cases, the perioperative protective measures, the precautions to be taken in the brachytherapy unit, the COVID-19 screening, and finally the therapeutic indications of gynecological cancers by tumor location. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904733/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00475-x id: cord-315166-ga6e3lqp author: Isoletta, Eugenio title: Emergency accesses in Dermatology Department during the Covid‐19 pandemic in a referral third level center in the north of Italy date: 2020-07-18 words: 1695.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315166-ga6e3lqp.txt summary: Since February 21 st , 2020, when the first case in Italy was confirmed, an overwhelming number of SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected and hospital organizations have adapted to cope with the emergency, 1,2 . We performed a retrospective review of all dermatological consultations in the ED of IRCSS San Matteo between February 22 nd (date of the first proven autochthonous Covid-19 case) and May 3 rd (date of the end of the "phase 1" of the lockdown). Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the number of dermatological ED consultation, on the severity of cases presented to the ED with cutaneous symptoms, and on the diagnoses at discharge. The first finding emerging from our data was a dramatic reduction in the request for dermatological ED consultations during the COVID pandemic comparing to the same period in 2019, from 164 patients to 33, with an absolute difference of -79.9 percentage points ( Table 1 ). abstract: During the lockdown period most planned visits have been postponed and the number of accesses to Emergency Department (ED) has dramatically reduced. The aim of our study is to analyze the impact of the lockdown on the number, type and severity of Dermatological ED diagnosis. We performed a retrospective review of all dermatological consultations in the ED of IRCSS San Matteo during the lockdown period in Italy (February 22nd ‐ May third 2020) and compared them with those from the same period in 2019. We noticed a sharply reduction in the number of dermatological consultations requested in the ED: from 164 patients in 2019 to 33 in 2020. Some diagnostic categories showed a significant difference with a higher incidence of vasculopathic lesions (0.6% vs 12.1%, P < 0.0001), urticarial rashes (8.5% vs 21.2%, P = 0.03) and scabies (3% vs 12.1%, P = 0.023). We observed an increase in the proportion of patients starting medications, before coming to the ED 26.2% in 2019 vs 66.7% in 2020 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we noticed a significant increase in the average complexity of cases presenting to the ED in 2020, as proven by the increased need for biopsies and systemic therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681752/ doi: 10.1111/dth.14027 id: cord-316100-15zj660u author: Issitt, R. title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in children at a specialist centre: outcome and implications of underlying high-risk comorbidities in a paediatric population date: 2020-05-25 words: 4235.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316100-15zj660u.txt summary: Given the documented reduced overall severity reported in children with COVID-19, we examined a cohort of paediatric patients presenting to a specialist children''s hospital with suspected COVID-19 to document their clinical behaviour and outcomes with particular regard to presence of underlying medical conditions leading to "vulnerability". In the present study for example, for the majority of underlying conditions there was no difference between the groups, although children undergoing chemotherapy for paediatric malignancy were over-represented in the CoVPos group, suggesting these specific patients are at increased risk of Sars-Cov-2 infection. These data report on a highly preselected group of high risk paediatric patients attending a specialist children''s hospital with features suggestive of COVID-19, and demonstrate that around one third of such cases represent confirmed acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Patient demographic data, proportion in vulnerable groups and mortality of 168 CoVPos and CoVNeg patients presenting to a specialist children''s hospital with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 disease. abstract: Background: There is evolving evidence of significant differences in severity and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children compared to adults. Underlying medical conditions associated with increased risk of severe disease are based on adult data, but have been applied across all ages resulting in large numbers of families undertaking social shielding (vulnerable group). We conducted a retrospective analysis of children with suspected COVID-19 at a Specialist Childrens Hospital to determine outcomes based on COVID-19 testing status and underlying health vulnerabilities. Methods: Routine clinical data were extracted retrospectively from the Institutions Electronic Health Record system and Digital Research Environment for patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses. Data were compared between Sars-CoV-2 positive and negative patients (CoVPos / CoVNeg respectively), and in relation to presence of underlying health vulnerabilities based on Public Health England guidance. Findings: Between 1st March and 15th May 2020, 166 children (<18 years of age) presented to a specialist childrens hospital with clinical features of possible COVID-19 infection. 65 patients (39.2%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus. CoVPos patients were older (median 9 [0.9-14] years vs median 1 [0.1-5.7.5] years respectively, p<0.001). There was a significantly reduced proportion of vulnerable cases (47.7% vs 72.3%, p=0.002), but no difference in proportion of vulnerable patients requiring ventilation (61% vs 64.3%, p = 0.84) between CoVPos and CoVNeg groups. However, a significantly lower proportion of CoVPos patients required mechanical ventilation support compared to CoVNeg patients (27.7 vs 57.4%, p<0.001). Mortality was not significantly different between CoVPos and CoVNeg groups (1.5 vs 4% respectively, p=0.67) although there were no direct COVID-19 related deaths in this highly preselected paediatric population. Interpretation: COVID-19 infection may be associated with severe disease in childhood presenting to a specialist hospital, but does not appear significantly different in severity to other causes of similar clinical presentations. In children presenting with pre-existing COVID-19 vulnerable medical conditions at a specialist centre, there does not appear to be significantly increased risk of either contracting COVID-19 or severe complications, apart from those undergoing chemotherapy, who are over-represented. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20107904 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107904 id: cord-301511-r7k8ufqx author: Issitt, Richard W title: Children with COVID-19 at a specialist centre: initial experience and outcome date: 2020-06-23 words: 1025.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301511-r7k8ufqx.txt summary: We examined a cohort of paediatric patients, presenting to Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK (a specialist children''s hospital), with suspected COVID-19 to document their clinical characteristics and outcomes with regard to the presence of underlying medical conditions associated with vulnerability. 5 These data show the characteristics and outcomes of children presenting to a specialist children''s hospital with clinical features of COVID-19 disease and positive testing, and confirm that some children with SARS-CoV-2 might have severe disease with requirement for intensive care admission. Of note, the reported cohort of patients are highly preselected, both for children with severe disease and for those with underlying medical conditions, and therefore the findings are not applicable to the general paediatric population. Furthermore, in children with confirmed COVID-19, the proportion of patients with underlying vulnerable conditions requiring admission to an intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation were not significantly different to those classed as nonvulnerable. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32585186/ doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30204-2 id: cord-331879-w7008uyy author: Iversen, Jenny title: COVID‐19, HIV and key populations: cross‐cutting issues and the need for population‐specific responses date: 2020-10-01 words: 3688.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331879-w7008uyy.txt summary: However, the conditions faced by specific populations vary according to social, structural and environmental factors, including stigma and discrimination, criminalization, social and economic safety nets and the local epidemiology of HIV and COVID‐19, which determine risk of exposure and vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, as well as the ability to comply with measures such as physical distancing. Significant heterogeneity in the COVID‐19 pandemic, the underlying HIV epidemic and the ability of key populations to protect themselves means that people who inject drugs and sex workers face particular challenges, including indirect impacts as a result of police targeting, loss of income and sometimes both. Global networks, including the International Network of People who use Drugs (INPUD), the Global Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP), the Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+) and MPact Global Action for Gay Men''s Health and Rights have issued statements calling for urgent action to protect their communities and to address population-specific needs for prevention, care and treatment [9,18-20]. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Key populations at elevated risk to contract or transmit HIV may also be at higher risk of COVID‐19 complications and adverse outcomes associated with public health prevention measures. However, the conditions faced by specific populations vary according to social, structural and environmental factors, including stigma and discrimination, criminalization, social and economic safety nets and the local epidemiology of HIV and COVID‐19, which determine risk of exposure and vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, as well as the ability to comply with measures such as physical distancing. This commentary identifies common vulnerabilities and cross‐cutting themes in terms of the impacts of COVID‐19 on key populations before addressing issues and concerns specific to particular populations. DISCUSSION: Cross‐cutting themes include direct impacts such as disrupted access to essential medicines, commodities and services such as anti‐retroviral treatment, HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis, opioid agonist treatment, viral load monitoring, HIV and sexually transmitted infections testing, condoms and syringes. Indirect impacts include significant collateral damage arising from prevention measures which restrict human rights, increase or impose criminal penalties, and expand police powers to target vulnerable and criminalized populations. Significant heterogeneity in the COVID‐19 pandemic, the underlying HIV epidemic and the ability of key populations to protect themselves means that people who inject drugs and sex workers face particular challenges, including indirect impacts as a result of police targeting, loss of income and sometimes both. Geographical variations mean that transgender people and men who have sex with men in regions like Africa and the middle east remain criminalized, as well as stigmatized and discriminated against, increasing their vulnerability to adverse outcomes in relation to COVID‐19. CONCLUSIONS: Disruptions to both licit and illicit supply chains, loss of income and livelihoods and changes in behaviour as a result of lockdowns and physical distancing have the potential to exacerbate the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on key populations. While these impacts will vary significantly, human‐rights approaches to COVID‐19 emergency laws and public health prevention measures that are population‐specific and sensitive, will be key to reducing adverse health outcomes and ensuring that no one is left behind. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25632 doi: 10.1002/jia2.25632 id: cord-345092-1ztfcpsb author: Iwasaki, Masae title: Inflammation Triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 Augment Drives Multiple Organ Failure of Severe COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications date: 2020-10-08 words: 11428.0 sentences: 550.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345092-1ztfcpsb.txt summary: Severe patients of COVID-19 often develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction/failure with high mortality that may be closely related to the hyper-proinflammatory status called the "cytokine storm." Massive cytokines including interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) released from SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages and monocytes lead inflammation-derived injurious cascades causing multi-organ injury/failure. ARB/ACE-I, angiotensin receptor blocker/ACE2 inhibitor; AT1aR, angiotensin receptor subtype 1a; C3, complement component 3; E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin; gp130, glycoprotein 130; IL, interleukin; JAK, Janus kinase; MAPK, mitogenactivated protein kinase; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; mIL-6R, membrane interleukin 6 receptor; MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein Kinase B; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; sIL-6R, soluble interleukin 6 receptor; SOCS3, the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3; STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription; sTNFα, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha; Tfh, follicular helper T cell; Th0, naive T cell; Th17, T helper 17 cell; TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TPO, thrombopoietin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. abstract: The widespread occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The S spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a functional “receptor” and then enters into host cells to replicate and damage host cells and organs. ACE2 plays a pivotal role in the inflammation, and its downregulation may aggravate COVID-19 via the renin-angiotensin system, including by promoting pathological changes in lung injury and involving inflammatory responses. Severe patients of COVID-19 often develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction/failure with high mortality that may be closely related to the hyper-proinflammatory status called the “cytokine storm.” Massive cytokines including interleukin-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) released from SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages and monocytes lead inflammation-derived injurious cascades causing multi-organ injury/failure. This review summarizes the current evidence and understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 and inflammation co-mediated multi-organ injury or failure in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33029758/ doi: 10.1007/s10753-020-01337-3 id: cord-350429-v36lrg3p author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan title: Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system date: 2020-06-20 words: 1531.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350429-v36lrg3p.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. RESULTS: There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. COVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. Government initiatives -COVID 19 has exposed health care system of many countries including India. Telemedicine for Diabetes Care in India during COVID19 Pandemic and National Lockdown Period: Guidelines for Physicians abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. We would like to highlight the learning opportunities offered by the current pandemic and their implication for a better future health care system. METHODS: We have undertaken a comprehensive review of the current literature to analyse the consequences of COVID-19 on health care system. Using suitable keywords like ‘COVID-19’, ‘telemedicine’, ‘health care’ and ‘remote consultations’ on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May we gathered information on various aspects of effect of COVID-19. RESULTS: There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. Virtual and remote technologies have been increasingly used in health care management. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has offered unique learning opportunities for the health care sector. Rationalizing and optimizing available resources with resilience shown on the coronavirus frontline during the crisis are some of most important lessons learnt during the crisis. Importance of personal hygiene and re-enforcement of infection control measures have been acknowledged. Telemedicine revolution will be a vital factor in delivering health care in the future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120302058 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.036 id: cord-274849-awv8sp8m author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title: COVID-19 and mortality in doctors date: 2020-09-03 words: 2191.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274849-awv8sp8m.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 disease appear to have been associated with significant mortality amongst doctors and health care workers globally. Until an effective cure/vaccine is developed, risk assessments at work, mitigating confounding factors, adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enhanced protection against infection are necessary to protect health care professionals on the coronavirus frontline. COVID-19 has caused a huge burden and loss to the world with doctors bearing the brunt of physical burnout, mental stress, occupational risk of infection with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, being the front-line workers. [30] • As such lack of COVID-19 safe facilities, resources, availability of appropriate PPE and lack of uniform application of infection prevention strategies remain cause of concerns and an occupational risk for health care professionals in India. There is lack of uniform database on morbidity and mortality statistics due to COVID-19 amongst doctors and health care workers globally. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 disease appear to have been associated with significant mortality amongst doctors and health care workers globally. We explore the various risk factors associated with this occupational risk, especially focusing on India. This may elucidate lessons to protect these frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords such as ‘COVID-19’, ‘pandemics’, ‘physicians’ ‘mortality’ and ‘health personnel’ on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and ResearchGate in the month of July 2020 during the current COVID-19 pandemic and assessed mortality data. RESULTS: Mortality in health care professionals has been on the rise. The countries which faced the pandemic in the early months of 2020 have had a huge surge in mortality amongst doctors due to COVID-19. India continues to show a rising trend in COVID-19 cases, however although compared to the western world India has seen a comparatively favourable statistic. Male gender, elderly doctors and those belonging to Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) community seem to be predisposing factors in the western world. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has been associated with an increased mortality in doctors and health care workers. Until an effective cure/vaccine is developed, risk assessments at work, mitigating confounding factors, adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enhanced protection against infection are necessary to protect health care professionals on the coronavirus frontline. Otherwise this occupational risk can lead to further untimely mortality and become another unintended consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920494/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.003 id: cord-347900-nzd15vab author: Iyengar, Karthikeyan P. title: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! date: 2020-07-17 words: 387.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347900-nzd15vab.txt summary: title: Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in India-double trouble! Smartphone technology applications can be expanded to play a key role in assessment, monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients as it is being undertaken for COVID-19 disease in the current pandemic [4] . COVID-19 and applications of smartphone technology in the current pandemic COVID-19 in Tuberculosis patients: a report of three cases COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Tuberculosis diagnosis, surveillance and management 2. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Tuberculosis diagnosis, surveillance and management 2. COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India Telemedicine has definite role in monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients and COVID-19 disease in the current senario Telemedicine has definite role in monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients and COVID-19 disease in the current senario abstract: • COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Tuberculosis diagnosis, surveillance and management. • COVID-19 and Tuberculosis has spelled double trouble for India. • Simultaneous testing of the for both TB and COVID-19 is required on suspicion. • Telemedicine has definite role in monitoring, contact tracing and remote management of TB patients and COVID-19 disease in the current senario. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0019570720300858 doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.014 id: cord-312884-anlp8lab author: Iyer, Gayatri R. title: Infectivity and Progression of COVID-19 Based on Selected Host Candidate Gene Variants date: 2020-09-04 words: 6268.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312884-anlp8lab.txt summary: Materials and Methods: Clinical exome data of 103 individuals was analyzed to identify sequence variants in five selected candidate genes: ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B to assess their prevalence and role to understand the COVID-19 infectivity and progression in our population. The aim of the present study was to identify variants in these five selected candidate genes from the clinical exome data available with us for more than 100 individuals and make an attempt to classify them as relevant to the present COVID-19 aetiopathology, especially for the Indian population. The selected candidate gene variants were assessed in our internal cohort of 103 individuals, who had earlier provided consent, to perform a pilot study on the susceptibility and disease severity of Indians for COVID-19. Since host genetic polymorphisms have been demonstrated to be associated with vulnerability to human infection, in this study five candidate genes-ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B-were selected based on their relevance to the current pandemic. abstract: Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the globe. Susceptibility has been associated with age, biological sex, and other prior existing health conditions. However, host genes are involved in viral infectivity and pathogenicity, and polymorphisms in these could be responsible for the interethnic/interindividual variability observed in infection and progression of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Clinical exome data of 103 individuals was analyzed to identify sequence variants in five selected candidate genes: ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B to assess their prevalence and role to understand the COVID-19 infectivity and progression in our population. Results: A total of 497 polymorphisms were identified in the five selected genes in the exomes analyzed. Thirty-eight polymorphisms identified in our cohort have been reported earlier in literature and have functional significance or association with health conditions. These variants were classified into three groups: protective, susceptible, and responsible for comorbidities. Discussion and Conclusion: The two polymorphisms described in literature as risk inducing are rs35705950 in MUC5B gene and TMPRSS2 haplotype (rs463727, rs34624090, rs55964536, rs734056, rs4290734, rs34783969, rs11702475, rs35899679, and rs35041537) were absent in our cohort explaining the slower infectivity of the disease in this part of India. The 38 functional variants identified can be used as a predisposition panel for the COVID-19 infectivity and progression and stratify individuals as “high or low risk,” which would help in planning appropriate surveillance and management protocols. A larger study from different regions of India is warranted to validate these results. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00861 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00861 id: cord-342822-d7jx06mh author: Izadi, N. title: The epidemiologic parameters for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-06 words: 3357.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342822-d7jx06mh.txt summary: Knowledge regarding epidemiological characteristics and parameters of the infectious diseases such as, incubation period (time from exposure to the agent until the first symptoms develop), serial interval (duration between symptom onset of a primary case and symptom onset of its secondary cases), basic reproduction number (R 0 ) (the transmission potential of a disease) and other epidemiologic parameters is important for modelling and estimation of epidemic trends and also implementation and evaluation of preventive procedures (8) (9) (10) (11) . Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: A Data-Driven Modelling Analysis of the Early Outbreak Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency and international concern and recognized it as a pandemic. The aim of this study was to estimate the epidemiologic parameters of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic for clinical and epidemiological help. Methods: Four electronic databases including Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar were searched for literature published from early December 2019 up to 23 March 2020. The "metan" command was used to perform a fixed or random effects analysis. Cumulative meta-analysis was performed using the "metacum" command. Results: Totally 76 observational studies were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate for R0 was 2.99 (95% CI: 2.71-3.27) for COVID-19. The overall R0 was 3.23, 1.19, 3.6 and 2.35 for China, Singapore, Iran and Japan, respectively. The overall Serial Interval, doubling time, incubation period were 4.45, 4.14 and 4.24 days for COVID-19. In addition, the overall estimation for growth rate and case fatality rate for COVID-19 were 0.38% and 3.29%, respectively. Conclusion: Calculating the pooled estimate of the epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 as an emerging disease, could reveal epidemiological features of the disease that consequently pave the way for health policy makers to think more about control strategies. Keywords: Epidemiologic Parameters; R0; Serial Interval; Doubling Time; Case Fatality Rate;COVID-19 url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.02.20088385v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088385 id: cord-345139-gyvlikye author: Izquierdo-Domínguez, Adriana title: Pérdida del sentido del olfato durante la pandemia COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 2888.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345139-gyvlikye.txt summary: Mientras que la función olfatoria normal se define como normosmia, los trastornos cuantitativos se clasifican en pérdida parcial (hiposmia) o total (anosmia) del olfato 4 . Se habla de estudio cuantitativo al referirse a la cantidad de olor necesitado para ser detectado (umbral olfativo) y tiene por objeto el estudio de las variaciones olfativas en función de la concentración de la sustancia olorosa y de la cantidad de los olores detectados, dando un resultado de anosmia (pérdida total), hiposmia (pérdida parcial) o normosmia (olfato normal). Durante la pandemia COVID-19, se aconseja a aquellos pacientes con pérdida repentina y grave del sentido del olfato, iniciar medidas de distanciamiento social, aislamiento domiciliario preventivo y realizar pruebas de diagnóstico para el SARS-CoV-2 cuando sea posible. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.006 id: cord-281099-l2i7r1bp author: Izzetti, Rossana title: A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: the Italian survey. date: 2020-08-13 words: 3491.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281099-l2i7r1bp.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. Standard procedures appear insufficient in protecting from SARS-CoV-2, and thus specific measures to prevent virus transmission should be adopted to safeguard the health of both patients and oral care providers (Izzetti et al. -Post-dental treatment management of the dental office (Phase IV) A focus on highly epidemic areas, registering the higher number of cases, was also performed in order to evaluate the potential presence of differences between the regions in Northern Italy and the rest of the country. The set-up of the waiting room (non-clinical area) was adapted to the new situation by almost the totality of the sample, by providing a hydro-alcoholic solution for hand disinfection, removing objects at risk of contamination, and reorganizing the schedule in order to guarantee social distancing. abstract: OBJECTIVES: During the months of March and April 2020, Italy saw an exponential outbreak of COVID‐19 epidemic. Dental practitioners were particularly limited in their routine activity, and the sole performance of urgent treatments was strongly encouraged during the peak of the epidemic. A survey among dental professionals was performed between 6(th)‐13(th) of April, in order to evaluate the status of dental practice during COVID‐19 in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 3,254 respondents and, according to the results obtained, dental activity was reduced by the 95% and limited to urgent treatments. The majority of the surveyed dentists employed additional personal protective equipment compared to normal routine, although in a non‐negligible number of cases difficulty in retrieving the necessary equipment was reported. CONCLUSIONS: The survey provided a snapshot of dental activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. Overall, following the peak of the epidemic, it is probable that dental activities will undergo some relevant changes prior to fully restart. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791564/ doi: 10.1111/odi.13606 id: cord-256195-1hmzgwrw author: Izzy, Saef title: Characteristics and outcomes of Latinx patients with COVID-19 in comparison to other ethnic and racial groups date: 2020-09-01 words: 4108.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256195-1hmzgwrw.txt summary: 2 In the United States, where a racially and ethnically diverse population has been exposed to infection in the setting of known racial and ethnic health disparities, 14 several news reports have suggested that ethnic and racial minorities, especially Latinx and non-Latin African American individuals, may bear a higher burden of disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used medical records available from the largest not-for-profit healthcare system in Massachusetts to examine the association between age, race and ethnicity, reported preexisting comorbidities, and the need for hospitalization and ICU admission in a large study population of COVID-19 positive patients. First, analysis of our large study population confirmed our firsthand clinical experience and showed indeed that Latinx and African American patients are at higher risk of being hospitalized and admitted to ICU level of care with COVID-19, than White patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited understating of the impact of COVID-19 on the Latinx population. We hypothesized that Latinx patients would be more likely to be hospitalized and admitted to the ICU than White patients. METHODS: We analyzed all patients with COVID-19 in 12 Massachusetts hospitals between February 1 and April 14, 2020. We examined the association between race, ethnicity, age, reported comorbidities, and hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission using multivariable regression. RESULTS: Of 5190 COVID-19 patients, 29% were hospitalized; 33% required ICU and 4.3% died. 46% of patients were White, 25% Latinx, 14% African American, and 3% Asian American. Ethnicity and race were significantly associated with hospitalization. More Latinx and African American patients in the younger age groups were hospitalized than whites. Latinx and African Americans disproportionally required ICU, with 39% of hospitalized Latinx patients requiring ICU compared to 33% of African Americans, 24% of Asian Americans, and 30% of Whites (p&0.007). Within each ethnic and racial group, age and male gender were independently predictive of hospitalization. Previously reported pre-existing comorbidities contributed to the need for hospitalization in all racial and ethnic groups (p&0.05). However, the observed disparities were less likely related to reported comorbidities, with Latinx and African American patients being admitted at twice the rate of Whites, regardless of such comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Latinx and African American patients with COVID-19 have higher rates of hospitalization and ICU admission than White patients. The etiologies of such disparities are likely multifactorial and cannot be explained only by reported comorbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33088846/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa401 id: cord-334388-w66h9g9d author: Jack, Dominic title: Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets date: 2020-08-27 words: 1127.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334388-w66h9g9d.txt summary: title: Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets (Butowt and Bilinska, 2020; Wölfel et al., 2020) Two observations of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 may be relevant to the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). (Reich et al., 2018) Recent data provide some reassurance regarding the severity of COVID-19 in patients with MS, whether treated with a disease-modifying drug or not (Louapre et al., 2020; Sormani, 2020) . Here we report on the cases of COVID-19 occurring in MS patients treated with cladribine tablets (Mavenclad®) within the Merck KGaA Global Patient Safety Database. In 3 cases, confirmation included a report of a positive immunoglobulin G test at a time after COVID-19 symptom onset. Two confirmed cases had not reported experiencing any COVID-19 symptoms. Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and multiple sclerosis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32919180/ doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102469 id: cord-320361-lld2oib2 author: Jackman, Deirdre title: Crisis and continuity: Rural health care students respond to the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-22 words: 5749.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320361-lld2oib2.txt summary: For nursing and medical students placed in rural and remote Alberta communities-already struggling with tenuous supply lines and shortages of essential personnel-the COVID-19 outbreak could be considered the latest and most dramatic test of resolve, adaptability, and the capacity to draw clinical and holistic insights from a crisis. Technological connectivity and virtual gathering spaces have been used to support rural, clinical work for years, and the onsite assets impressed the students in their sophistication, Bradley (medicine) photographed the Telehealth station in his placement setting (Figure 8) , commenting, "It''s hard to [overstate] how much this has revolutionized rural health care in Canada… I will keep Telehealth in my mind throughout my practice, whether or not I work in a rural community, and remember how important a difference it can make." A few weeks later, he found himself speculating on the same technology as a last resort to continue his involvement in clinical experiences: "There''s some hope right now that we might be able to participate in a Telehealth perspective, but it''s really unsure right now if that''s gonna work, or what educational validity or service that will be." Linda (nursing) also noted wryly that she used FaceTime While she keenly missed this interaction upon her return home, she found a creative way to maintain her fitness regimen and the social element attached to it, as she explained with a picture of the frozen-over Glenmore Reservoir (Figure 11 ). abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak in Winter (2020) has caused widespread disruption for health sciences students undergoing clinical placements—vital periods of experiential learning that cannot be substituted with distance alternatives. For students placed in rural areas, already coping with isolation, precarious supply chains and shortages of essential personnel, the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak may have far-reaching implications for psychosocial wellness, self-efficacy and clinical judgment. Four nursing and eight medical students (n = 12) supplied photographs and commentary documenting the experience of withdrawing suddenly from clinical sites in rural Alberta. Collaborative, thematic analysis revealed continuities between pre- and post-outbreak life, both for the students and their rural hosts. Social determinants of health such as seclusion, environmental hazards, and health-seeking behaviors carried over and compounded the effects of the outbreak on the placement communities and clinical sites. Other continuities included the reliance on technology for clinical and social connectivity, and capitalizing on natural settings to cope with isolation and confinement. Prolonged liminality, lack of closure, and the loss of team identity were the greatest stressors brought on by the suspension of clinical activities. However, the participants felt well equipped to deal with these circumstances through the resilience, adaptability, and community ethos acquired during their placements. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102892 doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102892 id: cord-295243-6osemfvk author: Jackson, Debra title: Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-12 words: 2291.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295243-6osemfvk.txt summary: Indeed, we see reports that nurses in many parts of the world are grappling with shortages of much-needed supplies including personal protective equipments such as masks, gloves and gowns, yet are actively embracing the challenges presented by COVID-19. Nurse educators and administrators are tasked with ensuring that students meet academic requirements while recognising the current pressures faced by health services and the need for nurses to be able to simultaneously meet the demands on them as nurses, students, parents, siblings, partners and the myriad of other roles that each nurse has to manage in their daily lives. The way this crisis has unfolded has meant that we have all sorts of new challenges in seeking to meet the health needs of our populations. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257 doi: 10.1111/jocn.15257 id: cord-347813-9vfwl7c0 author: Jackson, M. L. title: Low-Impact Social Distancing Interventions to Mitigate Local Epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-02 words: 3783.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347813-9vfwl7c0.txt summary: Interventions considered were (a) encouraging telecommuting; (b) reducing contacts to seniors and nursing home residents; (c) modest reductions to contacts outside of the home; (d) encouraging self-isolation of persons with COVID-19 symptoms; (e) rapid testing and household quarantining. This report presents findings from an agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission that can help guide decisions about mitigating the impact of COVID-19 during this re-opening. 6 The per-contact probability of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 in homes and in non-home settings was estimated by fitting simulated daily COVID-19 hospitalizations to hospitalizations in King County from 28 February -27 May 2020, in the presence of social distancing interventions as actually implemented in King County. Rather than estimating the impact of generic reductions in Reff, this report uses an agent-based model to estimate the impact of specific policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 hospitalizations. 15 used also agent-based models to explore the impact of combinations of social distancing measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. abstract: Background After many jurisdictions have implemented intensive social distancing to suppress SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the challenge now is to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic without overburdening economic and social activities. This report explores low-impact interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 with a minimum of social and economic disruption. Methods An agent-based model simulated the population of King County, Washington, with agents that interact in homes, schools, workplaces, and other community sites. SARS-CoV-2 transmission probabilities were estimated by fitting simulated to observed hospital admissions from February-May 2020. Interventions considered were (a) encouraging telecommuting; (b) reducing contacts to seniors and nursing home residents; (c) modest reductions to contacts outside of the home; (d) encouraging self-isolation of persons with COVID-19 symptoms; (e) rapid testing and household quarantining. Results Individual interventions are not expected to have a large impact on COVID-19 hospitalizations. No intervention reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations by more than 12.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.0% to 13.3%). Removing all interventions would result in nearly 42,000 COVID-19 hospitalizations between June 2020 and January 2021, with peak hospital occupancy exceeding available beds 6-fold. Combining the interventions is predicted to reduce total hospitalizations by 48% (95% CI, 47-49%), with peak COVID-19 hospital occupancy of 70% of total beds. Targeted school closures can further reduce the peak occupancy. Conclusions Combining low-impact interventions may mitigate the course of the COVID-19 epidemic, keeping hospital burden within the capacity of the healthcare system. Under this approach SARS-CoV-2 can spread through the community, moving toward herd immunity, while minimizing social and economic disruption. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.30.20143735v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143735 id: cord-312486-rumqopg0 author: Jacob, Chaim Oscar title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 11514.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312486-rumqopg0.txt summary: The question is whether ACE2 expression levels are pertinent to SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the tissues relevant to viral entry and the lungs as its major target, [44, 45] or, given that COVID-19 in its severe form is a systemic disease with multi-organ disfunction [46, 47] , ACE2 expression levels may be important in multiple organs and tissues other than those of the respiratory system. However, the activation of multiple complement pathways, dysregulated neutrophil responses, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability appear to be interlinked with SARS-CoV-2 infection and instead serve to drive the severity of the disease [91] . Regarding SLE, the prototypic systemic autoimmune disease, a group of investigators suggested that inherent epigenetic dysregulation causing hypomethylation and overexpression of ACE2, the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, might facilitate viral J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f entry, viremia, and increased likelihood of cytokine storm in such patients [153] . abstract: Most severe cases with COVID-19, especially those with pulmonary failure, are not a consequence of viral burden and/or failure of the ‘adaptive’ immune response to subdue the pathogen by utilizing an adequate ‘adaptive’ immune defense. Rather it is a consequence of immunopathology, resulting from imbalanced innate immune response, which may not be linked to pathogen burden at all. In fact, it might be described as an autoinflammatory disease. The Kawasaki-like disease seen in children with SARS-CoV-2 exposure might be another example of similar mechanism. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1521661620307518 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591 id: cord-333131-affb4yln author: Jacob, Joseph title: Using imaging to combat a pandemic: rationale for developing the UK National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database date: 2020 words: 1666.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333131-affb4yln.txt summary: The National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID) is a repository of chest X-Ray, CT and MRI images and clinical data from COVID-19 patients across the UK, to support research and development of AI technology that may proffer insights into the disease. NCCID has put in place mechanisms to collate all chest imaging and prespecified clinical data from every UK hospital where patients undergo a RT-PCR test for COVID-19. The NCCID data and image transfer solutions are robust and secure, including those having been adapted from techniques tried and tested on numerous research studies involving large-scale medical image collection (9) . NCCID will collect chest radiographs in all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients in hospitals throughout the UK. 2) Computed tomography chest imaging: NCCID will collect all chest CT imaging in RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients. 3) For all RT-PCR COVID-19 positive patients NCCID will acquire all chest imaging performed in the previous 3 years. abstract: The National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database (NCCID) is a repository of chest X-Ray, CT and MRI images and clinical data from COVID-19 patients across the UK, to support research and development of AI technology that may proffer insights into the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616598/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.01809-2020 id: cord-345358-b9u1l3sz author: Jacobs, Jeffrey title: Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib date: 2020-04-28 words: 736.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345358-b9u1l3sz.txt summary: title: Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib The emergence of a novel coronavirus in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant disease, COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic with severe disease in 14% of those infected and a case fatality rate of 2.3% reported in China. Furthermore, in IBD patients with COVID-19, the best management strategy has yet to be determined with regard to immunosuppressive medications, many of which have a long serum half-life and even longer tissue effect that can persist much longer than the course of a typical infection. 2, 3 The case presented here illustrates that in a relatively healthy individual, tofacitinib may not need to be held in patients with COVID-19 without severe disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa093 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa093 id: cord-325460-4fhegc0z author: Jacobs, Werner title: Fatal lymphocytic cardiac damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): autopsy reveals a ferroptosis signature date: 2020-09-22 words: 3977.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325460-4fhegc0z.txt summary: Immunohistochemical staining with E06, a monoclonal antibody binding to oxidized phosphatidylcholine (reflecting lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis), was positive in morphologically degenerating and necrotic cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infiltrate of lymphocytes, near arteries, in the epicardium and myocardium. We examined the patient''s myocardial tissue for markers of ferroptosis, an iron-catalysed form of regulated cell death that occurs through excessive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is also proposed to detrimentally contribute to some forms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, stroke, and degenerative diseases. Renal tissue from the COVID-19 patient with myocarditis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome showed morphological signs of acute tubular necrosis, intratubular oxalate crystals, as well as E06 positivity in proximal tubuli (A). By comparison, in the case of sudden death due to myocarditis of other aetiology, immunohistochemical staining with E06 (B) and anti-4-HNE antibody (D) in the renal tissue showed no presence of these ferroptosis markers (non-specific staining in the corticomedullary junction is also present on control stains). abstract: AIMS: Cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis, are observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Major cardiac involvement is a potentially lethal feature in severe cases. We sought to describe the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in COVID‐19 lethal cardiogenic shock. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on a 48‐year‐old male COVID‐19 patient with cardiogenic shock; despite extracorporeal life support, dialysis, and massive pharmacological support, this rescue therapy was not successful. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA was detected at autopsy in the lungs and myocardium. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse alveolar damage, proliferation of type II pneumocytes, lymphocytes in the lung interstitium, and pulmonary microemboli. Moreover, patchy muscular, sometimes perivascular, interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, dominated by lymphocytes, were seen in the cardiac tissue. The lymphocytes ‘interlocked’ the myocytes, resulting in myocyte degeneration and necrosis. Predominantly, T‐cell lymphocytes with a CD4:CD8 ratio of 1.7 infiltrated the interstitial myocardium, reflecting true myocarditis. The myocardial tissue was examined for markers of ferroptosis, an iron‐catalysed form of regulated cell death that occurs through excessive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immunohistochemical staining with E06, a monoclonal antibody binding to oxidized phosphatidylcholine (reflecting lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis), was positive in morphologically degenerating and necrotic cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infiltrate of lymphocytes, near arteries, in the epicardium and myocardium. A similar ferroptosis signature was present in the myocardium of a COVID‐19 subject without myocarditis. In a case of sudden death due to viral myocarditis of unknown aetiology, however, immunohistochemical staining with E06 was negative. The renal proximal tubuli stained positively for E06 and also hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE), a reactive breakdown product of the lipid peroxides that execute ferroptosis. In the case of myocarditis of other aetiology, the renal tissue displayed no positivity for E06 or 4‐HNE. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this case are unique as this is the first report on accumulated oxidized phospholipids (or their breakdown products) in myocardial and renal tissue in COVID‐19. This highlights ferroptosis, proposed to detrimentally contribute to some forms of ischaemia–reperfusion injury, as a detrimental factor in COVID‐19 cardiac damage and multiple organ failure. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12958 doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12958 id: cord-356055-f2x297r8 author: Jacobson, Nathan A. title: COVID Care Clinic: A Unique Way for Family Medicine to Care for the Community During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-10-22 words: 1892.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356055-f2x297r8.txt summary: A prerequisite for all patients to be seen in the COVID Care Clinic was a virtual visit staffed with Advanced Practice Providers that would further determine if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care or be seen in the COVID Clinic. When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic in March 2020 1 with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), primary care had to develop innovative ways to care for our patients with COVID concerns and respiratory illness. Here we describe the development of such a clinic in an effort to contain the illness, prevent spread in the community, and provide needed care for this patient population. During the Respiratory virtual visit, it was determined if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care, be seen in the COVID Care Clinic, and if COVID testing was appropriate if not already triaged. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented new challenges in how Primary Care clinicians care for community patients. Our organization quickly allocated 1 of our community clinic sites into a dedicated COVID Clinic caring for the COVID positive or any patient with COVID like symptoms to minimize contact with the well patients. A prerequisite for all patients to be seen in the COVID Care Clinic was a virtual visit staffed with Advanced Practice Providers that would further determine if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care or be seen in the COVID Clinic. From March 23, 2020 through May 15, 2020, 852 patients with COVID symptoms were seen in this clinic rather than the emergency department. This article describes a collaborative effort to care for a community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This unique setting allowed us to focus an appropriate level of care to a high risk population in a safe and effective manner in the ongoing effort to flatten the epidemiological curve. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089725/ doi: 10.1177/2150132720957442 id: cord-271575-n70rqs8c author: Jager, Kitty J. title: Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe. date: 2020-10-15 words: 3034.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271575-n70rqs8c.txt summary: Under normal circumstances, age-standardized cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality rates in dialysis patients are already 8.8 and 8.1 times higher than in the general population, respectively, 4 and compared to their age and sex matched counterparts in the general population, kidney transplant recipients experience a 30-50% reduced life expectancy. 7 Although no deaths were reported among 5 COVID-19 cases on hemodialysis in a single Chinese centre, 8 several case series from Italy (n=41, n=94), 9, 10 Spain (n=36) 11 and the United States (n=59) 12 with varying follow-up suggest a high mortality in the dialysis population with rates ranging from 29% to 41%. Supplementary Figure 1 shows that the mortality risk in transplant recipients with COVID-19 was 28% higher (HR 1.28 (95%CI 1.02 to 1.60)) compared with the selected group of dialysis patients that could be matched (Table S4) . Multivariable analyses identified higher age and male sex as risk factors for 28-day mortality in COVID-19 dialysis patients (Table 2) . abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate 28-day mortality after COVID-19 diagnosis in the European kidney replacement therapy population. In addition, we determined the role of patient characteristics, treatment factors, and country on mortality risk using ERA-EDTA Registry data on patients receiving kidney replacement therapy in Europe between February 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020. Additional data on all patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were collected from seven European countries encompassing 4298 patients. COVID-19 attributable mortality was calculated using propensity-score matched historic controls and after 28 days of follow-up was 20.0% (95% confidence interval 18.7%-21.4%) in 3285 patients receiving dialysis, and 19.9% (17.5%-22.5%) in 1013 recipients of a transplant. We identified differences in COVID-19 mortality across countries, and an increased mortality risk in older patients receiving kidney replacement therapy and male patients receiving dialysis. In recipients of kidney transplants older than 75 years of age 44.3% (35.7%-53.9%) did not survive COVID-19. Mortality risk was 1.28 (1.02-1.60) times higher in transplant recipients compared with matched dialysis patients. Thus, the pandemic has had a substantial effect on mortality in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy; a highly vulnerable population due to underlying chronic kidney disease and high prevalence of multimorbidity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979369/ doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.006 id: cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author: Jaguga, Florence title: Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date: 2020-08-18 words: 3474.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt summary: CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. According to the framework, ''preparation and co-ordination'' involves developing a mental health response plan, creating COVID-19 specific mental health services and training of healthcare workers on psychological first aid. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted considerable impact on public mental health globally. With the pandemic rapidly rising in sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya, there is need to provide evidence to guide the mental health response in the region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is (1) to describe the mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, guided by the Mental Health Preparedness and Action Framework (2) to offer context specific recommendations for improvement of the mental health response in Kenya. Such information could be useful in decision-making in Kenya as well as in the greater sub-Saharan Africa region. METHODS: This narrative review is based on information obtained from official government documents released from 13th March 2020, the beginning of the pandemic in Kenya, up to 31st July 2020. DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 response in Kenya has no formal mental health response plan. There is an unmet need for psychological first aid in the community. While guidelines for the management of mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been prepared, implementation remains a major challenge due to a poorly resourced mental health system. There is no mental health surveillance system in place limiting ability to design evidence-based interventions. CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821271/ doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00400-8 id: cord-291271-movbn4dn author: Jahangiry, Leila title: Risk perception related to COVID-19 among the Iranian general population: an application of the extended parallel process model date: 2020-10-19 words: 3334.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291271-movbn4dn.txt summary: This study aimed to investigate on how people perceive the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and to find out how this might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. To collect data an electronic self-designed questionnaire based on the EPPM was used in order to measure the risk perception (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) related to the COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate on how people have perceived the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the EPPM (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) and how these might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. This EPPM-based study was conducted to assess the risk perceptions, overall perceived danger and fear control processes among Iranian people during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major global public health challenge. This study aimed to investigate on how people perceive the COVID-19 outbreak using the components of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and to find out how this might contribute to possible behavioral responses to the prevention and control of the disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran during March and April 2020. Participants were recruited via online applications using a number of platforms such as Telegram, WhatsApp, and Instagram asking people to take part in the study. To collect data an electronic self-designed questionnaire based on the EPPM was used in order to measure the risk perception (efficacy, defensive responses, perceived treat) related to the COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were used to explore the data. RESULTS: A total of 3727 individuals with a mean age (SD) of 37.0 (11.1) years participated in the study. The results revealed significant differences in efficacy, defensive responses and perceived treat among different population groups particularly among those aged 60 and over. Women had significantly higher scores than men on some aspects such as self-efficacy, reactance, and avoidance but men had higher perceived susceptibility scores compared to women. Overall 56.4% of participants were engaged in danger control (preventive behavior) while the remaining 43.6% were engaged in fear control (non-preventive behavior) process. CONCLUSION: More than half of all participants motivated by danger control. This indicated that more than half of participants had high perceived efficacy (i.e., self-efficacy and response efficacy). Self-efficacy scores were significantly higher among participants who were older, female, single, lived in rural areas, and had good economic status. The results suggest that socioeconomic and demographic factors are the main determinants of the COVID-19 risk perception. Indeed, targeted interventions are essential for controlling the pandemic. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12889-020-09681-7. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09681-7 doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09681-7 id: cord-350821-0qfoc553 author: Jahromi, Reza title: Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 1941.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350821-0qfoc553.txt summary: title: Synergistic effects of anionic surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency of sanitizing fluids to fight COVID-19 In this study, we present the effect of surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency in sanitizing fluids. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), and two commercial dish soap and liquid hand soap were studied with the goal of evaporation rate reduction in sanitizing liquids to maximize surface contact time. Twelve fluids with different recipes composed of ethanol, isopropanol, SDBS, SLS, glycerin, and water of standardized hardness (WSH) were tested for their evaporation time and virucidal efficiency. Twelve sanitizing fluids with different recipes, as shown in Table 1 , were prepared to examine the effect of individual components and mixtures on evaporation rate and SARS-CoV-2 virucidal efficiency of the solutions. Furthermore, the addition of 3% dish soap to the ethanol solution (S1) increased the evaporation time by about 63% from 24 to 39 s (of fluid S9), as shown in Figure 2 . abstract: Our surrounding environment, especially often-touched contaminated surfaces, plays an important role in the transmission of pathogens in society. The shortage of effective sanitizing fluids, however, became a global challenge quickly after the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak in December 2019. In this study, we present the effect of surfactants on coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virucidal efficiency in sanitizing fluids. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLS), and two commercial dish soap and liquid hand soap were studied with the goal of evaporation rate reduction in sanitizing liquids to maximize surface contact time. Twelve fluids with different recipes composed of ethanol, isopropanol, SDBS, SLS, glycerin, and water of standardized hardness (WSH) were tested for their evaporation time and virucidal efficiency. Evaporation time increased by 17-63% when surfactant agents were added to the liquid. In addition, surfactant incorporation enhanced the virucidal efficiency between 15-27% according to the 4-field test in the EN 16615:2015 European Standard method. Most importantly, however, we found that surfactant addition provides a synergistic effect with alcohols to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study provides a simple, yet effective solution to improve the virucidal efficiency of commonly used sanitizers. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.124107 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.29.124107 id: cord-260923-hwvtxy9g author: Jain, Amit title: Dexmedetomidine: another arrow in the quiver to fight COVID-19 disease in intensive care units date: 2020-10-14 words: 619.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260923-hwvtxy9g.txt summary: While dexmedetomidine-mediated improvements in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and ventilation-perfusion ratios were proposed explanations for improved oxygenation following dexmedetomidine administration in COVID-19 patients, 12 dexmedetomidine''s anti-inflammatory properties may also be instrumental in reducing disease severity. 7 There are several putative mechanisms by which dexmedetomidine might be advantageous in COVID-19 patients Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced changes in monocyte metabolism by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been identified to inhibit T-cell response directly and reduce epithelial cell survival. Effect of sedation with dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial Effect of dexmedetomidine on mortality and ventilator-free days in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with sepsis: a randomized clinical trial Dexmedetomidine improved renal function in patients with severe sepsis: an exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0007091220308424 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.010 id: cord-273618-klj6asdz author: Jain, Ankur title: Potential ‘significance’ of monoclonal gammopathy of ‘undetermined significance’ during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 1723.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273618-klj6asdz.txt summary: 9, 11 In the NY studies, ICU admission rates of COVID-19 positive MM patients were higher as compared to the general COVID-19 population (24-30% vs 14.2%). 38 @ Patients with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/minutes/1.73m 2 , on hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis) were excluded from the recent Remdesivir trials 33 Review of the nation-wide hospital data of COVID-19 cases to identify patients with concurrent MGUS, and comparison of disease severity, outcomes, and differences in the immunological indices between MGUS, and non-MGUS groups. In-vitro studies based on lymphocyte-stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 antigens to assess the immune-responsiveness of people with MGUS to COVID-19 vaccines. 39 ** Since people with MGUS may have an impaired anti-viral antibody response, 4 a lower SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG in the MGUS population as compared to the HC in the serology-based epidemiological studies would suggest an increased susceptibility of people with MGUS to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1079979620303867?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102481 id: cord-282913-sw4enfkk author: Jain, Parul title: Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers date: 2020-06-05 words: 493.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282913-sw4enfkk.txt summary: title: Manifestations in Neonates Born to COVID-19 Positive Mothers To the Editor: We report two neonates born to coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive women. Baby''s COVID-19 RT PCR was sent at 18 h of life and was negative. Another extramural term male neonate was delivered to a COVID-19 positive mother by C-section due to fetal distress and meconium stained liquor. However, two authors reported positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to COVID-19 positive mother [5, 6] . in a preterm neonate born to COVID-19 positive mother [6] . In both the cases, it remains unknown whether events could be attributed to COVID-19 positive status of the mother or are manifestations of neonatal disease. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03369-x doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03369-x id: cord-033550-47sqvg54 author: Jain, Rachna title: Deep learning based detection and analysis of COVID-19 on chest X-ray images date: 2020-10-09 words: 4402.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033550-47sqvg54.txt summary: For contributing to an analysis of Covid-19, we collected uploaded data of X-ray images of healthy and covid-19 infected patients from different sources and applied three different models (InceptionV3, Xception, and ResNeXt). This work mainly focuses on the use of CNN models for classifying chest X-ray images for coronavirus infected patients. In [17] , the authors proposed a framework model based on Capsule Networks to diagnose Covid-19 (i.e., COVID-CAAPS) disease with the help of X-ray images. In [27] , the authors applied a deep learning model on the collected image dataset of chest CT to identify the impacts of Covid-19 from persons acquired pneumonia and lung disease. In [31] , the authors recommended a deep based methodology (with vector gadget classifier) for the detection of patients infected from Covid-19 by using X-ray images. In [37] , the authors proposed a model that automatically detects the Covid-19 with the help of Chest X-ray images. abstract: Covid-19 is a rapidly spreading viral disease that infects not only humans, but animals are also infected because of this disease. The daily life of human beings, their health, and the economy of a country are affected due to this deadly viral disease. Covid-19 is a common spreading disease, and till now, not a single country can prepare a vaccine for COVID-19. A clinical study of COVID-19 infected patients has shown that these types of patients are mostly infected from a lung infection after coming in contact with this disease. Chest x-ray (i.e., radiography) and chest CT are a more effective imaging technique for diagnosing lunge related problems. Still, a substantial chest x-ray is a lower cost process in comparison to chest CT. Deep learning is the most successful technique of machine learning, which provides useful analysis to study a large amount of chest x-ray images that can critically impact on screening of Covid-19. In this work, we have taken the PA view of chest x-ray scans for covid-19 affected patients as well as healthy patients. After cleaning up the images and applying data augmentation, we have used deep learning-based CNN models and compared their performance. We have compared Inception V3, Xception, and ResNeXt models and examined their accuracy. To analyze the model performance, 6432 chest x-ray scans samples have been collected from the Kaggle repository, out of which 5467 were used for training and 965 for validation. In result analysis, the Xception model gives the highest accuracy (i.e., 97.97%) for detecting Chest X-rays images as compared to other models. This work only focuses on possible methods of classifying covid-19 infected patients and does not claim any medical accuracy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7544769/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-01902-1 id: cord-349558-vof63qat author: Jain, Vageesh title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-16 words: 4500.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349558-vof63qat.txt summary: Exclusion criteria included: [1] studies of exclusively paediatric or pregnant patients, due to the varying presentation of COVID-19 in these groups, [2] insufficient data on symptoms/comorbidities on admission in either severe or non-severe disease groups (or ICU and non-ICU All rights reserved. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Table 1 shows details of all included studies including reported findings pertaining to symptoms and comorbidities related to disease severity or ICU admission. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Tables 3 and 4 show the odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values for the individual symptoms and comorbidities that were investigated in at least three of the included studies, for both severe disease and ICU admission, respectively. abstract: Background/introduction COVID−19, a novel coronavirus outbreak starting in China, is now a rapidly developing public health emergency of international concern. The clinical spectrum of COVID−19 disease is varied, and identifying factors associated with severe disease has been described as an urgent research priority. It has been noted that elderly patients with pre-existing comorbidities are more vulnerable to more severe disease. However, the specific symptoms and comorbidities that most strongly predict disease severity are unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the symptoms and comorbidities predictive of COVID−19 severity. Method This study was prospectively registered on PROSPERO. A literature search was performed in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health) for studies indexed up to 5th March 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and both also completed data extraction. Quality appraisal of studies was performed using the STROBE checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for selected symptoms and comorbidities to identify those most associated with severe COVID−19 infection or ICU admission. Results Of the 2259 studies identified, 42 were selected after title and abstract analysis, and 7 studies (including 1813 COVID−19 patients) were chosen for inclusion. The ICU group were older (62.4 years) compared to the non-ICU group (46 years), with a significantly higher proportion of males (67.2% vs. 57.1%, p=0.04). Dyspnoea was the only significant symptom predictive for both severe disease (pOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.83 − 7.46) and ICU admission (pOR 6.55, 95% CI 4.28 − 10.0). Notwithstanding the low prevalence of COPD in severe disease and ICU-admitted groups (4.5% and 9.7%, respectively), COPD was the most strongly predictive comorbidity for both severe disease (pOR 6.42, 95% CI 2.44 − 16.9) and ICU admission (pOR 17.8, 95% CI 6.56 − 48.2). Cardiovascular disease and hypertension were also strongly predictive for both severe disease and ICU admission. Those with CVD and hypertension were 4.4 (95% CI 2.64 − 7.47) and 3.7 (95% CI 2.22 − 5.99) times more likely to have an ICU admission respectively, compared to patients without the comorbidity. Conclusions Dyspnoea was the only symptom strongly predictive for both severe disease and ICU admission, and could be useful in guiding clinical management decisions early in the course of illness. When looking at ICU-admitted patients, who represent the more severe end of the spectrum of clinical severity, COPD patients are particularly vulnerable, and those with cardiovascular disease and hypertension are also at a high-risk of severe illness. To aid clinical assessment, risk stratification, efficient resource allocation, and targeted public health interventions, future research must aim to further define those at high-risk of severe illness with COVID−19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.15.20035360 id: cord-326081-9gh6tj7g author: Jaiswal, A. K. title: COVIDPEN: A Novel COVID-19 Detection Model using Chest X-Rays and CT Scans date: 2020-07-10 words: 4966.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326081-9gh6tj7g.txt summary: To tackle this problem, we propose~COVIDPEN~-~a transfer learning approach on Pruned EfficientNet-based model for the detection of COVID-19 cases. [1] suggested a deep neural network-driven model for prediction of Covid-19 which is termed as Covid-Net trained on the dataset COVIDx. The architecture built on a PEPX design pattern was first pre-trained on ImageNet and also utilized data augmentation. In this paper, we consider a task of identifying COVID-19 disease which is a binary classification, where the input to COVIDPEN is a chest X-ray or CTs image I x and the model outputs a binary label P y ∈ {positive, negative} delineating whether the coronavirus prediction is positive or negative. In this work, a deep neural network-based classifier is proposed i.e., COVIDPEN to diagnose COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases from chest radiographs and chest X-ray datasets. Covid-19: automatic detection from x-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks abstract: The trending global pandemic of COVID-19 is the fastest ever impact which caused people worldwide by severe acute respiratory syndrome~(SARS)-driven coronavirus. However, several countries suffer from the shortage of test kits and high false negative rate in PCR test. Enhancing the chest X-ray or CT detection rate becomes critical. The patient triage is of utmost importance and the use of machine learning can drive the diagnosis of chest X-ray or CT image by identifying COVID-19 cases. To tackle this problem, we propose~COVIDPEN~-~a transfer learning approach on Pruned EfficientNet-based model for the detection of COVID-19 cases. The proposed model is further interpolated by post-hoc analysis for the explainability of the predictions. The effectiveness of our proposed model is demonstrated on two systematic datasets of chest radiographs and computed tomography scans. Experimental results with several baseline comparisons show that our method is on par and confers clinically explicable instances, which are meant for healthcare providers. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.20149161 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20149161 id: cord-341503-3cvtoc2j author: Jaiswal, J. title: Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism date: 2020-05-21 words: 2551.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt summary: Much of the evidence needed to fully inform clinical and public health responses is not yet available, making COVID-19 uniquely vulnerable to a proliferation of disinformation, misinformation, and medical mistrust, including what are often called "conspiracy beliefs" [6, 7] . The purpose of this commentary is to suggest that understanding the etiologies of disinformation, misinformation, and medical mistrust must be an important component of the public health response to COVID-19. It is vital to consider how people, as individuals and as members of groups, experience and interpret social and economic inequality, and how those experiences affect their trust in or mistrust of evidence-based public health messaging, as well as their readiness to accept any promulgated misinformation or disinformation [64] . Public health and medical professionals have a responsibility to communicate science in an effective, accurate and accessible manner, without bias-and with the understanding that structural racism and other forms of oppression are root causes of inequality-driven mistrust. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02925-y doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02925-y id: cord-350450-43v36b2s author: Jakhar, Deepak title: Dermoscopy Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by SIG Dermoscopy (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 words: 839.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350450-43v36b2s.txt summary: • Disposable dermoscopic lens cover: provided with most dermatoscopes now-a-days • Plastic bottle cap: a disposable plastic bottle cap fitting the size of the dermatoscope may be used [10] • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) food wrap: a PVC film is placed (with or without mineral oil on both sides of it) between the dermatoscope lens and the lesion [11] • Transparent adhesive tape: after placing the immersion fluid, a transparent adhesive tape is applied to assist contact dermoscopy [10] • Microscopic glass slide: a glass slide can be placed over the lesion in front of the dermatoscope [8] • Polyethylene tube for mucoscopy: a disposable polyethylene tube can be used with a USB dermatoscope for performing mucoscopy [12] • Car phone holder for oculoscopy. Postdermoscopy, especially in COVID-19 suspected cases, the dermatoscope and all other surfaces exposed to the patients should be cleaned with 60-90% isopropyl alcohol. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695690/ doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_231_20 id: cord-269101-7altkx5u author: Jakhmola Mani, Ruchi title: Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study date: 2020-10-28 words: 4934.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269101-7altkx5u.txt summary: title: Deciphering underlying mechanism of Sars-CoV-2 infection in humans and revealing the therapeutic potential of bioactive constituents from Nigella sativa to combat COVID19: in-silico study An amazing herb, Nigella sativa, having antiviral, antihypertensive, antidiarrhoeal, analgesics, and anti-bacterial properties, needs to be explored for its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. sativa bioactive constituents were similar to the pathways followed in SARS-COV-2 pathology, like renin-angiotensin system, kidney functions, regulation of blood circulation, blood vessel diameter, etc. To study the effectiveness of N.sativa against SARS-CoV-2, protein interactions studies were carried out for receptors predicted via swiss target prediction for this plant''s bioactive constituents, to understand their beneficial effect on SARS-CoV-2 in humans. sativa bioactive constituents by protein interaction and docking studies as well as proven their binding efficiency with ACE2 receptor and now this can be studied further in wet lab and be formulated as the medicine to combat the deadly disease COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19, emerged at the end of 2019 have dramatically threatened the health, economy, and social mobility of people around the world and till date no medication is available for its treatment. An amazing herb, Nigella sativa, having antiviral, antihypertensive, anti- diarrhoeal, analgesics, and anti-bacterial properties, needs to be explored for its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. In-silico studies were carried out to understand the role of its bioactive constituents in COVID-19 treatment and prevention. Firstly, the disease network was prepared by using ACE2 (Angiotensin-II receptor), as it is the entry site for virus. It was used to decipher the mechanism of SARS-COV-2 infection in humans. Second, the target receptors for N. sativa were predicted and protein interaction studies were conducted. Further, docking studies were also performed to analyse it for treatment purpose as well. This study concludes that pathways undertaken by N. sativa bioactive constituents were similar to the pathways followed in SARS-COV-2 pathology, like renin-angiotensin system, kidney functions, regulation of blood circulation, blood vessel diameter, etc. Also, in docking studies, the constituents of N. sativa, α-hederin, Thymohydroquinone and Thymoquinone were observed to be efficiently binding to ACE2. Also, the bioactive phytoconstituents are involved in molecular pathways like HIF1, VEGF, IL-17, AGE-RAGE, chemokine and calcium signaling pathways which can be majorly helpful in combating hypoxia and inflammation caused due to compromised immune system and oxidative stress. Therefore, N. sativa standardized extract having the above phytoconstituents could be useful in COVID-19 and hence opens a new treatment line. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1839560 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1839560 id: cord-278721-g5zqebju author: Jakhmola, Shweta title: Comorbidity Assessment Is Essential During COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-08-04 words: 3748.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278721-g5zqebju.txt summary: Our study revealed that deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are highly significant (p < 0.0001) compared to hospitalized in countries like Italy, France, and Spain unlike the Netherlands. Deaths from kidney diseases (Italyp < 0.0001; Swedenp < 0.0001; Netherlandsp = 0.0001; Francep = 0.0033) and neurological ailments (Francep = 0.0001; Netherlandsp < 0.0001) are significantly higher than the total hospitalized patients affected by the particular comorbidity. The information about numbers of hospitalized or deceased COVID-19 patients with associated comorbidities from individual countries was already provided in their respective reports. The death proportions due to Heart Diseases including, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) compared to the total hospitalized patients in Italy, Sweden, and Spain. Notably we found that heart diseases, including hypertension along with cardiovascular diseases, are the most frequent association with SARS-CoV2 infection in most countries (Italy, France, Spain, and Sweden) except the Netherlands. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV2 is associated with various comorbidities; cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, liver, lung diseases, and neurological ailments. The majority of the dysfunctions mentioned above are often associated with endothelial deterioration, indicating that endothelium can be the target of SARS-CoV2. Our study is an exclusive observational study that quantitatively analyses COVID-19 related comorbidities. We retrieved the data of % population of COVID-19 hospitalized and deceased patients with associated comorbidities from publicly accessible portals of the five European countries. A two tailed t-test enabled us to determine the significant proportions of deaths compared to hospitalized patients with associated comorbidity. Our study revealed that deaths associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are highly significant (p < 0.0001) compared to hospitalized in countries like Italy, France, and Spain unlike the Netherlands. Deaths from kidney diseases (Italy- p < 0.0001; Sweden- p < 0.0001; Netherlands- p = 0.0001; France- p = 0.0033) and neurological ailments (France- p = 0.0001; Netherlands- p < 0.0001) are significantly higher than the total hospitalized patients affected by the particular comorbidity. We have noted that deaths due to liver diseases are least associated with COVID-19 among all comorbidities. Intriguingly, immunodeficiency shows mixed outcomes in death proportions compared to the hospital admitted individuals. Besides, the treatment regime involves drugs like losartan, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, Remdesivir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, etc. may modulate the severity of the comorbidities. These comorbidities can create chaos in the existing healthcare system and may worsen the disease outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903640/ doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00984 id: cord-295041-5vpawtef author: Jakhmola, Shweta title: SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date: 2020-09-28 words: 5012.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt summary: Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients is confirmed through genome sequencing [4] ; however, experimental evidence is needed to validate virusmediated neurological damage. Furthermore, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2-expressing neuronal/glial cells may facilitate virus entry into the nervous system through different routes. abstract: Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and furin facilitate virus entry into the host. Besides, the probable routes of virus entry into the nervous system include the hematogenic pathway, through the vagus, the olfactory nerve, or the enteric nervous system. However, the trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain needs investigation. Furthermore, a Th17-mediated cytokine storm is seen in COVID-19 cases with higher levels of IL-1β/2/7/8/9/10/17, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL-10, MCP1, and MIP1α/β. Some cytokines can cross the blood-brain barrier and activate the brain’s immune cells to produce neural cytokines, leading to neuronal dysfunctions. Nonetheless, most of the neurological conditions developed due to viral infections may not have effective and registered treatments. Although, some antivirals may inhibit the virus-mediated pathogenesis and prove to be suitable in COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, clinicians’ and researchers’ collective expertise may unravel the potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection to prevent short-term and long-term CNS damage. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00522-7 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00522-7 id: cord-258895-bfosmipc author: Jalaber, Carole title: Role of upfront CT pulmonary angiography at admission in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 words: 1158.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258895-bfosmipc.txt summary: • There is no clear evidence that there is a benefit to routinely perform CT pulmonary angiography as first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia. Recent studies (6, 7, 8) have reported a high cumulative incidence of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), ranging from 23% to 30%, but these reports mainly concerned severe patients admitted in ICU. To date, the prevalence of acute PE at baseline presentation of unselected COVID-19 patients remains unknown, as is the benefit of a systematic CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) at initial screening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PE when systematically performing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) as first-line imaging modality in patients with COVID-19 suspicion. From March 26 th , 2020, following the reports of frequent PE in COVID-19 patients (9, 10) , it was decided to systematically perform CTPA as first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of COVID-19 at xxxx (Blinded for review) University Hospital, unless there were contraindications to contrast medium administration. abstract: • Current guidelines recommend the use of unenhanced chest CT as first-line imaging in patients suspected of having COVID-19 pneumonia. • In unselected COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of acute PE at baseline is no different from that observed in COVID-19 negative patients. • There is no clear evidence that there is a benefit to routinely perform CT pulmonary angiography as first-line imaging modality in patients suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820304850 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.037 id: cord-297413-gw0z23z9 author: Jalili, M. title: Burnout among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-06-13 words: 4885.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297413-gw0z23z9.txt summary: This study was conducted on healthcare workers providing care for COVID-19 patients and aimed to explore the level of burnout among this population and also to examine factors associated with the development of this psychological sequel. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the current COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate the level of burnout among healthcare providers who were taking care of covid-19 patients at 8 university-affiliated hospitals. Study participants included all healthcare providers (i.e. physicians, residents, interns, and nurses) who had taken care of COVID-19 patients at anytime during the first 2 months of the outbreak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650 doi: medRxiv preprint recognized, validated, self-report questionnaire for measuring the severity of workplace burnout (15) , using the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Burnout is a well recognized psychological consequence of working in the healthcare section and its impact on staff physical and emotional health, patient safety, and quality of care is documented. abstract: Background: The unpredictable nature of the new COVID-19 pandemic and the already alarming incidence of healthcare workers being affected can have a significant impact on the psychological well-being of the staff. Objective: To describe the prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals and the associated factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Eight university affiliated hospitals in the capital city of Tehran, Iran. Participants: All healthcare workers at the study sites who had been taking care of COVID-19 patients. Measurements: Age, gender, marital status, having children, hospital, job category, experience, and work load, as well as the level of burnout in each subscale. Results: 326 persons (53.0%) experienced high levels of burnout. The average score in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment was 26.6, 10.2, and 27.3, respectively. The level of burnout in the three subscales varied based on the personal as well as work related factors and gender was the only variable that was associated with high levels of all three domains. Limitations: There was no control group and thus we cannot claim a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the observed level of burnout. Not all confounding factors might have been accounted for. Conclusions: Burnout is prevalent among healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. Age, gender, job category, and site of practice contribute to the level of burnout that the staff experience. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20129650 id: cord-168710-a5pst4gf author: Jalilian, Abdollah title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 words: 4576.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt summary: In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. To account for the underlying temporal and spatial autocorrelation structure in the spread of COVID-19, available data on the daily number of new cases and deaths in different countries/regions have already been analyzed in a considerable number of studies. Variations of the random rate Λ it relative to the expected number of cases E it provide useful information about the spatio-temporal risk of COVID-19 in the whole spatial domain of interest during the study period. For example, a histogram with heights Table 4 presents the Bayesian estimates (posterior means) for every parameter of the considered model fitted to the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Spain, Italy and Germany. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world in a short period of time and with a heterogeneous pattern. Understanding the underlying temporal and spatial dynamics in the spread of COVID-19 can result in informed and timely public health policies. In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. Using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we found that the temporal trend of the epidemic in the three countries rapidly reached their peaks and slowly started to decline at the beginning of April and then increased and reached their second maximum in August. However decline and increase of the temporal trend seems to be sharper in Spain and smoother in Germany. The spatial heterogeneity of the relative risk of COVID-19 in Spain is also more pronounced than Italy and Germany. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.13577v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-254043-1slz1dvr author: Jamil, Tahira title: No Evidence for Temperature-Dependence of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-08-26 words: 2331.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254043-1slz1dvr.txt summary: Here we examine the relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number (Rt) of infection and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where epidemics, with at least 1,000 cases reported, have been reported (data updated up to 31 May, 2020). Figure S3 | The relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number of infection (Rt) and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where > 100 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, as of Figure 1 , but with all data updated only until 27th March. Figure S3 | The relationship between the apparent exponential rate of SARS-CoV-2 spread (γ ) and the Effective Reproductive number of infection (Rt) and the average daily temperature (T avg ) across nations and Chinese provinces where > 100 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, as of Figure 1 , but with all data updated only until 27th March. abstract: The pandemic of the COVID-19 extended from China across the north-temperate zone, and more recently to the tropics and southern hemisphere. The hypothesis that COVID-19 spread is temperature-dependent was tested based on data derived from nations across the world and provinces in China. No evidence of a pattern between spread rates and ambient temperature was found, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to behave as a seasonal respiratory virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00436 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00436 id: cord-299845-ql3tvot5 author: Janani, Leila title: COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-25 words: 1139.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299845-ql3tvot5.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) study protocol: Repeated survey on knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust during COVID-19 epidemic This study will provide information on trends of knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adults during COVID-19 epidemic. In December 2019, the new Coronavirus was detected in patients with viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, by the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1) , and it was named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 2020 (2) . The aims of this study are to monitor knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological reactions, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adult population during COVID-19 epidemic. The COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) is designed as a repeated cross sectional survey and will be conducted in 8 consecutive waves in the first week of April 2020. abstract: Background: The worldwide emergence and rapid expansion of COVID-19 emphasizes the need to assess the knowledge gap and to predict the disease-related behaviors and reactions during this epidemic. Methods and design: COVID19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR) is a repeated cross sectional survey that will be conducted in 8 waves. In each wave, 515 Iranian adults aged 18 years or older will be randomly selected and interviewed by phone. The study waves will be performed at approximately weekly intervals. The survey tool is adapted from COSMO (COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring) study. This study will provide information on trends of knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviors, psychological problems, essential needs, and public trust among Iranian adults during COVID-19 epidemic. Discussion: The key findings of each wave will be immediately reported to the National Headquarters for Coronavirus Control to set better policies for disease control and prevention. Moreover, if a message is extracted from the results of this study that needs to be communicated to the public, it will be done through the mass media. url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.52 doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.52 id: cord-021146-wdnnjlcw author: Jandrić, Petar title: Postdigital Research in the Time of Covid-19 date: 2020-03-21 words: 2393.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021146-wdnnjlcw.txt summary: Writing these words from home isolation in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is hard not to overstate the viral nature of, and viral perspective to, our postdigital reality. Postdigital viral modernity is equally about biology, culture, and society; in the long run, humanity cannot defend itself from Covid-19 and create a better future without engaging all strata of the society. Therefore, it is crucial that academic researchers working in the humanities and social sciences immediately join the struggle against the pandemic. Instead, we should look into the strengths of our disciplinary knowledges and research methods to try and create opportunities to contribute to humanity''s collective struggle against the Covid-19 pandemic and point towards more sustainable futures. Wearing my academic researcher hat, I am not ashamed of naivety of this paper-it honestly represents my current thoughts and feelings about the Covid-19 pandemic on 16 March 2020. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149072/ doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8 id: cord-270083-gm8i9olj author: Jang, Jong Geol title: Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 words: 2714.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270083-gm8i9olj.txt summary: CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Older age, male sex, presence of comorbidities, low oxygen saturation, and abnormal lab findings (high lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] , high procalcitonin, low CD4 cell count, low albumin level) were shown to be risk factors for severe However, patient-and disease-related factors vary from region to region, and these factors may be associated with the clinical severity of COVID19. We showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 were independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its first detection in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has spread rapidly around the world. Although there have been several studies investigating prognostic factors for severe COVID-19, there have been no such studies in Korea. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational study of 110 patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Daegu, Korea. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were collected and analyzed. Severe disease was defined as a composite outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome, intensive care unit care, or death. RESULTS: Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 19.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90–193.42; P = 0.012), body temperature ≥ 37.8°C (OR, 10.91; 95% CI, 1.35–88.36; P = 0.025), peripheral oxygen saturation < 92% (OR, 33.31; 95% CI, 2.45–452.22; P = 0.008), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) > 6.3 (OR, 56.84; 95% CI, 2.64–1,223.78, P = 0.010) at admission were associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19. The likelihood of development of severe COVID-19 increased with an increasing number of prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Appropriate assessment of prognostic factors and close monitoring to provide the necessary interventions at the appropriate time in high-risk patients may reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 id: cord-258078-k7y8k1vx author: Jang, Sukbin title: Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy date: 2020-05-26 words: 1475.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258078-k7y8k1vx.txt summary: title: Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. Three COVID-19 patients had the following conditions: pneumonia with progression despite antiviral treatment; were elderly, over 65 years; and had underlying diseases that were known as high risk J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f factors. On admission, he was not dyspneic or cyanotic, with a body temperature of 37.0°C, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, heart rate of 75 beats per minute, and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. Initial laboratory results were as follows: white blood cell (WBC) count 5,150/μL (65% segmented neutrophil), and C-reactive protein (CRP) 2.61 mg/dL. abstract: No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been well established yet. Nafamostat, known as anticoagulant, has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against COVID-19. We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. These preliminary findings show the possibility that Nafamostat can be considered to be used in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy. The effectiveness of nafamostat should be evaluated in further studies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303799?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.072 id: cord-319910-s2e56ety author: Jani, B. D. title: Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations: A general population cohort study of 1.3 million date: 2020-09-21 words: 4341.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319910-s2e56ety.txt summary: Poisson regression models and population attributable fractions were used to compare COVID-19 outcomes by overall risk category, and individual risk criteria: confirmed infection, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, population mortality and case-fatality. The moderate risk had intermediate risk of confirmed infection (RR 4.11, 95% CI 3.82-4.42) and population mortality (RR 26.10, 95% CI 20.89-32.60), but had comparable case-fatality (RR 5.13, 95% CI 4.24-6.21) to the shielded, and accounted for a higher proportion of deaths (PAF 75.27% vs 13.38%). After adjustment 1 for sex and deprivation quintile, the risk of laboratory-confirmed infection remained higher in 2 the moderate-risk category and highest in the shielded group (Table 3). Among the moderate-risk category criteria, age ≥70 years and 21 weakened immune system had risks of population mortality (Table 3) and case-fatality (Table 22 5) that were at least as high as the overall shielded group. abstract: Background Shielding (extended self-isolation) of people judged, a priori, to be at high-risk from COVID-19 has been used by some countries to protect the individuals and reduce demand on health services. It is unclear how well this strategy works in either regard. Methods A general population study was conducted using linked primary care, prescribing, laboratory, hospital and death records up to end of May 2020. Poisson regression models and population attributable fractions were used to compare COVID-19 outcomes by overall risk category, and individual risk criteria: confirmed infection, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, population mortality and case-fatality. Results Of the 1.3 million population, 32,533 (2.47%) had been advised to shield, a further 347,374 (26.41%) were classified as moderate risk. Testing for COVID-19 was more common in the shielded (6.75%) and moderate (1.99%) than low (0.72%) risk categories. Referent to low-risk, the shielded group had higher risk of confirmed infection (RR 7.91, 95% 7.01-8.92), case-fatality (RR 5.19, 95% CI 4.12-6.53) and population mortality (RR 48.64, 95% 37.23-63.56). The moderate risk had intermediate risk of confirmed infection (RR 4.11, 95% CI 3.82-4.42) and population mortality (RR 26.10, 95% CI 20.89-32.60), but had comparable case-fatality (RR 5.13, 95% CI 4.24-6.21) to the shielded, and accounted for a higher proportion of deaths (PAF 75.27% vs 13.38%). Age [≥]70 years made the largest contribution to deaths (49.53%) and was associated with an 8-fold risk of infection, 7-fold case-fatality and 74-fold mortality. Conclusions Shielding has not been effective at preventing deaths in those with highest risk. To be effective as a population strategy, shielding criteria would need to be widely expanded to include other criteria, such as the elderly. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.17.20196436 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20196436 id: cord-254121-soiloa5l author: Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh title: Recording COVID-19 consultations: review of symptoms, risk factors, and proposed SNOMED CT terms date: 2020-08-26 words: 4047.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254121-soiloa5l.txt summary: AIM: To collate a list of relevant symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19, and match these data items with corresponding SNOMED CT clinical terms to support the development and implementation of consultation templates. DESIGN & SETTING: Published and preprint literature for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines describing the symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and/or lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19 and its complications were reviewed. 9 The aim of this study was to collate a list of relevant symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19 and its complications, and match these data items with proposed examples of corresponding SNOMED CT clinical terms, which will support the development and implementation of primary care consultation templates. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for epidemiological research in primary care to develop risk assessment processes for patients presenting with COVID-19, but lack of a standardised approach to data collection is a significant barrier to implementation. AIM: To collate a list of relevant symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19, and match these data items with corresponding SNOMED CT clinical terms to support the development and implementation of consultation templates. DESIGN & SETTING: Published and preprint literature for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines describing the symptoms, assessment items, demographics, and/or lifestyle and health conditions associated with COVID-19 and its complications were reviewed. Corresponding clinical concepts from SNOMED CT, a widely used structured clinical vocabulary for electronic primary care health records, were identified. METHOD: Guidelines and published and unpublished reviews (N = 61) were utilised to collate a list of relevant data items for COVID-19 consultations. The NHS Digital SNOMED CT Browser was used to identify concept and descriptive identifiers. Key implementation challenges were conceptualised through a Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) lens. RESULTS: In total, 32 symptoms, eight demographic and lifestyle features, 25 health conditions, and 20 assessment items relevant to COVID-19 were identified, with proposed corresponding SNOMED CT concepts. These data items can be adapted into a consultation template for COVID-19. Key implementation challenges include: 1) engaging with key stakeholders to achieve ’buy in’; and 2) ensuring any template is usable within practice settings. CONCLUSION: Consultation templates for COVID-19 are needed to standardise data collection, facilitate research and learning, and potentially improve quality of care for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843331/ doi: 10.3399/bjgpopen20x101125 id: cord-271896-1ad18z11 author: Janowitz, Tobias title: Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series date: 2020-06-04 words: 3627.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271896-1ad18z11.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Based on a national institute of health (nih)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient experience of cOViD-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. Based on a national institute of health (nih)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient experience of cOViD-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with cOViD-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment options for non-hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to reduce morbidity, mortality and spread of the disease are an urgent global need. The over-the-counter histamine-2 receptor antagonist famotidine is a putative therapy for COVID-19. We quantitively assessed longitudinal changes in patient reported outcome measures in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose famotidine orally. DESIGN: Patients were enrolled consecutively after signing written informed consent. Data on demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis, famotidine use, drug-related side effects, temperature measurements, oxygen saturations and symptom scores were obtained using questionnaires and telephone interviews. Based on a National Institute of Health (NIH)-endorsed Protocol to research Patient Experience of COVID-19, we collected longitudinal severity scores of five symptoms (cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headaches and anosmia) and general unwellness on a four-point ordinal scale modelled on performance status scoring. All data are reported at the patient level. Longitudinal combined normalised symptom scores were statistically compared. RESULTS: Ten consecutive patients with COVID-19 who self-administered high-dose oral famotidine were identified. The most frequently used famotidine regimen was 80 mg three times daily (n=6) for a median of 11 days (range: 5–21 days). Famotidine was well tolerated. All patients reported marked improvements of disease related symptoms after starting famotidine. The combined symptom score improved significantly within 24 hours of starting famotidine and peripheral oxygen saturation (n=2) and device recorded activity (n=1) increased. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case series suggest that high-dose oral famotidine is well tolerated and associated with improved patient-reported outcomes in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321852 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321852 id: cord-265530-hn7fi5cv author: Jansen, Danielle title: Child and adolescent health needs attention now, and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-01 words: 1144.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265530-hn7fi5cv.txt summary: A comparison of the seven countries in which the EUPHA Child and Adolescent Public Health section (CAPH) directorate lives and works (Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK) yielded both identical policy responses, such as physical distancing and closing of schools, and differences, such as restrictions on gathering ranging from no gathering allowed (Spain) to more liberal policies allowing for up to 10 people to meet throughout the peak pandemic (Denmark and Finland). Similarly, there were interventions aimed to improve access to care, via providing online consultations (the Netherlands, Spain and Denmark) and helplines for children and adolescents with mental health problems (Denmark, Portugal). We differentiate child and adolescent public health into eight core public health priorities, all most probably affected by the pandemic (Children''s Commisioner 2018): (1) injuries, (2) mental health (3) maltreatment, (4) risky behaviors, (5) nutrition in early life and prevention of childhood and adolescent obesity, (6) vaccination uptake, (7) access to health care, and (8) inequity in child development and learning. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01446-8 doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01446-8 id: cord-349355-k48s9sum author: Janssen, Joris title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a male adult with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-30 words: 958.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349355-k48s9sum.txt summary: Here we report a case of a 52 year old male who presented with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 pneumonia, followed by a severe course of disease. Here we present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 pneumonia, and discuss the possible mechanism underlying this association as well as clinical implications. Furthermore, a recent case series described three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia that were complicated by spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, all of which were followed by a severe course of disease with fatal outcome [13] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Therefore, further research is warranted to assess whether spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 pneumonia. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of COVID-19 pneumonia and was associated with a severe course of disease in our patient. Future studies are warranted to assess whether spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of viral pneumonia. Here we report a case of a 52 year old male who presented with a spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 pneumonia, followed by a severe course of disease. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association as well as its possible clinical implications as a marker of disease severity in COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720306616?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.066 id: cord-299852-t0mqe7yy author: Janssen, Loes H. C. title: Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents’ and adolescents’ well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting date: 2020-10-16 words: 8570.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299852-t0mqe7yy.txt summary: In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents'' negative affect during COVID-19. In addition, we asked parents and adolescents about daily difficulties and helpful activities during the COVID-19 pandemic that possibly influenced their affect in positive and negative ways. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most reported daily difficulties across the 14 days of EMA for parents were (1) missing social contact with friends (14.6%), (2) concerns about the coronavirus in general (13.5%), (3) irritations with family members (12.8%), (4) worrying about health of others (8.3%), and (5) coronavirus-related news items (8.0%). abstract: Due to the COVID- 19 outbreak in the Netherlands (March 2020) and the associated social distancing measures, families were enforced to stay at home as much as possible. Adolescents and their families may be particularly affected by this enforced proximity, as adolescents strive to become more independent. Yet, whether these measures impact emotional well-being in families with adolescents has not been examined. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). Additionally, we examined possible explanations for the hypothesized changes in affect and parenting. To do so, we compared daily reports on affect and parenting that were gathered during two periods of 14 consecutive days, once before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018–2019) and once during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilevel analyses showed that only parents’ negative affect increased as compared to the period before the pandemic, whereas this was not the case for adolescents’ negative affect, positive affect and parenting behaviors (from both the adolescent and parent perspective). In general, intolerance of uncertainty was linked to adolescents’ and parents’ negative affect and adolescents’ positive affect. However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents’ negative affect during COVID-19. It can be concluded that on average, our sample (consisting of relatively healthy parents and adolescents) seems to deal fairly well with the circumstances. The substantial heterogeneity in the data however, also suggest that whether or not parents and adolescents experience (emotional) problems can vary from household to household. Implications for researchers, mental health care professionals and policy makers are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240962 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240962 id: cord-291037-19csqq89 author: Janssen, Rob title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity date: 2020-08-25 words: 2200.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291037-19csqq89.txt summary: title: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity A genetic polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, VKORC1 -1639A, is particularly prevalent in East Asia and associates with low vitamin K recycling rates. A genetic polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, VKORC1 -1639A, is particularly prevalent in East Asia and associates with low vitamin K recycling rates. We speculate that the disparity in morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 between East and West may be at least partially explained by differences in the allele distribution of a VKORC1 polymorphism determining the rate of vitamin K recycling. If the VKORC1 -1639A allele is shown to be associated with decreased thrombotic complications and/or death, it would further support the hypothesis that vitamin K metabolism is an important determinant of Covid-19-related disease severity. abstract: Covid-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has major world-wide health-related and socio-economic consequences. There are large disparities in the burden of Covid-19 with an apparent lower risk of poor outcomes in East Asians compared to populations in the West. A recent study suggested that Covid-19 leads to a severe extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency, which could lead to impaired activation of extrahepatic proteins like endothelial anticoagulant protein S in the presence of normal hepatic procoagulant activity. This would be compatible with the enhanced thrombogenicity in severe Covid-19. The same study showed that vitamin K antagonists (VKA) that inhibit vitamin K recycling, had a greater impact on procoagulant activity than on the activation of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins during SARS-CoV-2 infections. A genetic polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1, VKORC1 -1639A, is particularly prevalent in East Asia and associates with low vitamin K recycling rates. Carriage of the allele may be regarded as bioequivalent to low-dose VKA use. We speculate that VKORC1 -1639A confers protection against thrombotic complications of Covid-19 and that differences in its allele frequency are partially responsible for the differences in Covid-19 severity between East and West. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720324713?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110218 id: cord-269914-75to9xr2 author: Jansson, Miia title: Artificial Intelligence for clinical decision support in Critical Care, required and accelerated by COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 words: 1363.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269914-75to9xr2.txt summary: Diagnostic models have been proposed in a variety of clinical situations including early detection or stratification of sepsis [5] , bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19) [5] , and delirium in the ICU [5] , as well as pulmonary embolism in primary care [6] . Prognostic models have focused on predicting ICU-related mortality [7] , infections (e.g., positive blood culture, MRSA) [5] , responses to treatments [5] , antibiotic resistance [5] , asynchronies during assisted ventilation [8] , prolonged MV [9] , extubation failure [10] , and death in influenza [11] , COVID-19 [12, 13] , and community-acquired pneumonia [14] . Geolocated critical care demand prediction, optimal hospital resource planning, and intelligent patient flow management with decision support algorithms can also be achieved by integrating real time clinical data with population statistics and health interventions. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352556820302344 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.010 id: cord-256568-mbkrg98v author: Jantzen, R. title: Epidemiological and socio-economic characteristics of the COVID-19 spring outbreak in Quebec, Canada: A population-based study date: 2020-09-01 words: 7907.0 sentences: 419.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256568-mbkrg98v.txt summary: 7.6% of the participants declared that they have experienced at least one of the four COVID-related symptoms chosen by the Public Health authorities (fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia) but were not tested. Results from the tree-based model analyzes adjusted on exposure factors show that the combination of dyspnea, dry cough and fever was highly associated with being tested whereas anosmia, fever, and headache were the most discriminant factors for having a positive test among those tested. A multiple logistic regression analyzis showed that place of residence, dweling, risk exposure (medical worker, contact with a COVID-19 positive patient, international travel), having at least one pre-existing condition were independent factors associated with the outcome ( Table 1) . Taking into account socio-demographic, medical and exposure factors (place of residence, dweling, medical worker, contact with a COVID-19 positive patient, international travel, pre-existing condition) as confounding factors and COVID-related symptoms as explanatory variables, we performed a GPLTR analyzis for identifying the combinations of symptoms leading to the most homogeneous sub-groups with respect to being tested. abstract: Background: By mid-July 2020, more than 108,000 COVID-19 cases had been diagnosed in Canada with more than half in the province of Quebec. To be prepared for a potential second wave of COVID-19 in the fall, it seems of utmost importance to analyze the epidemiological and socio-economic characteristics of the spring outbreak in the population. Method: We conducted an online survey of the participants of the CARTaGENE population-based cohort, composed of middle-aged and older adults. We collected information on socio-demographic, lifestyle, health condition, COVID-related symptoms and COVID-19 testing. We studied the association between these factors and two outcomes: the status of having been tested for SARS-CoV-2 and the status of having received a positive test when having been tested. These associations were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyzes using a hybrid tree-based regression model. Results: Among the 8,129 respondents from the CARTaGENE cohort, 649 were tested for COVID-19 and 41 were positive. Medical workers and individuals having a contact with a COVID-19 patient had the highest probabilities of being tested (32% and 42.4%, respectively) and of being positive (17.2% and 13.0%, respectively) among those tested. 7.6% of the participants declared that they have experienced at least one of the four COVID-related symptoms chosen by the Public Health authorities (fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia) but were not tested. Results from the tree-based model analyzes adjusted on exposure factors show that the combination of dyspnea, dry cough and fever was highly associated with being tested whereas anosmia, fever, and headache were the most discriminant factors for having a positive test among those tested. During the spring outbreak, more than one third of the participants have experienced a decrease in access to health services. There were sex and age differences in the socio-economic and emotional impacts of the pandemic. Conclusion: We have shown some discrepancies between the symptoms associated with being tested and being positive. In particular, the anosmia is a major discriminant symptom for positivity whereas ear-nose-throat symptoms seem not to be COVID-related. The results also emphasize the need of increasing the accessibility of testing for the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182675 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182675 id: cord-289201-pcnba40n author: Janus, Scott E. title: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 words: 588.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289201-pcnba40n.txt summary: title: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in COVID-19 The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 (1) . Reports have noted right ventricular longitudinal strain to be a strong predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 (2) . Between March 16, 2020 and May 21, 2020, we reviewed 35 consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed diagnosed COVID-19 within the University Hospital Health System who underwent echocardiography. The median time from COVID-19 confirmation to echocardiogram was 3 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Thus, we observed significantly increased mortality with decrease (less negative) in left ventricular GLS in patients with COVID-19. Model 1 comparing tertile of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mortality by days since COVID-19 diagnosis as adjusted for ejection fraction (EF) and age. Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002914920306305 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.053 id: cord-316325-uqrlza4k author: Jardim, L. title: The effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 and its relationship with social distancing date: 2020-07-29 words: 2933.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316325-uqrlza4k.txt summary: Here we investigated the relationship between average number of transmissions though time, the reproductive number Rt, and social distancing index as reported by mobile phone data service inloco, for Goias State, Brazil, between March and June 2020. The broad-scale real time monitoring of mobility derived from mobile phones has been reported to significantly correlate with decrease in the number of COVID-19 cases and increased social distance in the population 6 . Although more sophisticated methods are available to account for such delays and eventually sub notifications 16 , here we simply truncated the end of the distribution of cases as our goal is not to have a real-time estimate of Rt, but rather to correlate the shifts in the time series with the isolation indicator and to evaluate the impact more rigid or flexible social distancing measures in place in the State throughout the study period, as well as the observed decreasing levels of isolation from middle April on. abstract: The expansion of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a renewed public interest in epidemiological models and on how parameters can be estimated from observed data. Here we investigated the relationship between average number of transmissions though time, the reproductive number Rt, and social distancing index as reported by mobile phone data service inloco, for Goias State, Brazil, between March and June 2020. We calculated Rt values using EpiEstim package in R-plataform for confirmed cases incidence curves. We found a correlation equal to -0.72 between Rt values for confirmed cases and isolation index at a time lag of 8 days. As the Rt values were paired with center of the moving window of 7 days, the delay matches the mean incubation period of the virus. Our findings reinforce that isolation index can be an effective surrogate for modeling and epidemiological analyses and, more importantly, can be an useful metrics for anticipating the need for early interventions, a critical issue in public health. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.20163493 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163493 id: cord-300689-dz6lybgi author: Jarman, Molly P. title: The Surgical Health Services Research Agenda for the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 2440.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300689-dz6lybgi.txt summary: Surgery programs are a source of surge capacity during the COVID-19 response, both in terms of inpatient bed capacity and clinical personnel, with many surgeons redeployed to focus on critical care or staffing COVID-19 procedure teams. COVID-19 and the resulting pandemic response broadly impact short-and long-term health outcomes for surgical patients. Payment and Delivery System What is the direct financial impact of delaying elective surgical care to hospitals, and outcomes including hospital closures, personnel layoffs, and decreased access to care for patients? Does postponement of emergency general surgery or use of nonoperative interventions to manage emergency general surgical conditions during the pandemic adversely impact outcomes for non-COVID patients, compared to emergency general surgery after prepandemic standards of care? COVID-19 will profoundly affect the US surgical system, including changes to healthcare infrastructure, payment systems, safety standards, clinical training, and population health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32541230/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004126 id: cord-294906-1m4h116m author: Jarmoliński, Tomasz title: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report date: 2020-09-18 words: 1482.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294906-1m4h116m.txt summary: title: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral clearance during bone marrow aplasia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a case report Here, we report a unique case of a child with viral pneumonia caused by coinfection with human metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS‐CoV‐2 after HSCT. CONCLUSIONS: Posttransplant care in HSCT recipients with COVID‐19 infection is feasible in regular transplant units, provided the patient does not present with respiratory failure. Early and repeated testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in posttransplant patients with concomitant infection mitigation strategies should be considered in children after HSCT who develop fever, respiratory symptoms and perhaps gastrointestinal symptoms to control the spread of COVID‐19 both in patients and healthcare workers in hospital environments. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak Mortality from Respiratory Virus Infections within the First One Hundred Days in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections are known causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here, we report a unique case of a child with viral pneumonia caused by coinfection with human metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS‐CoV‐2 after HSCT. CASE REPORT: A 9‐year‐old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent allogeneic HSCT from a matched, unrelated donor. During the posttransplant period, in profound leukopenia (below 10 leukocytes/µL), she was diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2, MPV and RSV pneumonia and was treated with ribavirin and chloroquine. Before leukocyte recovery, the girl became asymptomatic, and SARS‐CoV‐2 and RSV clearance was achieved. The shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 stopped before immune system recovery, and one may hypothesize that the lack of an inflammatory response might have been a contributing factor to the mild clinical course. CONCLUSIONS: Posttransplant care in HSCT recipients with COVID‐19 infection is feasible in regular transplant units, provided the patient does not present with respiratory failure. Early and repeated testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in posttransplant patients with concomitant infection mitigation strategies should be considered in children after HSCT who develop fever, respiratory symptoms and perhaps gastrointestinal symptoms to control the spread of COVID‐19 both in patients and healthcare workers in hospital environments. Training of staff and the availability of personal protective equipment are crucial for containing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/petr.13875 doi: 10.1111/petr.13875 id: cord-349477-3qhpu7v0 author: Jarynowski, A. title: An attempt to optimize human resources allocation based on spatial diversity of COVID-19 cases in Poland date: 2020-10-15 words: 7012.0 sentences: 438.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349477-3qhpu7v0.txt summary: Our task is to examine the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 arrival and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the first wave (period from March 4 to May 22, 2020 (unofficial data)), and socio-economic variables at the powiat (county) level (NUTS-4) using simple statistical techniques such as data visualization, correlation analysis, spatial clustering and multiple linear regression. Demographic (like age, mobility, migration etc.), social ("income","PiS_support") and COVID-related factors (population size,forest_density,population_density,arrival_SARS) are the ground for our proposal of proper sanitary staff allocation. The aim of this paper is an exploratory and preliminary quantitative evaluation of the geographical spread on the level of county/poviat (NUTS-4) of SARS-CoV-2 virus (and COVID-19 disease caused by it) in Poland during the Spring wave of infections. The main statistical approach is calculating multiple regressions with Akaike selection criteria on the SARS-CoV-2 arrival time to each poviat and the number of COVID-19 cases based on socio-economic variables. abstract: Our task is to examine the relationship between the SARS-CoV-2 arrival and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the first wave (period from March 4 to May 22, 2020 (unofficial data)), and socio-economic variables at the powiat (county) level (NUTS-4) using simple statistical techniques such as data visualization, correlation analysis, spatial clustering and multiple linear regression. We showed that immigration and the logarithm of general mobility is the best predictor of SARS-CoV-2 arrival times, while emigration, industrialization and air quality explain the most of the size of the epidemic in poviats. On the other hand, infection dynamics is driven to a lesser extent by previously postulated variables such as population size and density, income or the size of the elderly population. Our analyses could support Polish authorities in preparation for the second wave of infections and optimal management of resources as we have provided a proposition of optimal distribution of human resources between poviats. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20090985 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20090985 id: cord-029863-f3bn550o author: Jassi, Amita title: OCD and COVID-19: a new frontier date: 2020-07-14 words: 5640.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029863-f3bn550o.txt summary: The authors highlight some of the considerations to take in CBT in light of our current understanding of COVID-19, including therapists and clients taking calculated risks when developing behavioural experiments and exposure tasks, considering viral loading and vulnerability factors. Stringent following of UK government guidelines to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19 to an observer may mimic the presentation of some of the most publicly perceived symptoms of OCD, for example repetitive handwashing/antibacterial gel use, avoidance of potential contaminants, or socially isolating. Uncertainty around whether individuals have COVID-19 or not, about the ''right'' level of necessary precaution, receiving inconsistent or even conflicting messages from different institutions, as well as ''the new normal'', where even people without OCD are trying to avoid potential contamination in a variety of ways, may make sufferers uncertain about whether they are taking the right approach or whether what they are doing is excessive. abstract: People with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are likely to be more susceptible to the mental health impact of COVID-19. This paper shares the perspectives of expert clinicians working with OCD considering how to identify OCD in the context of COVID-19, changes in the presentation, and importantly what to consider when undertaking cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD in the current climate. The expert consensus is that although the presentation of OCD and treatment may have become more difficult, CBT should still continue remotely unless there are specific reasons for it not to, e.g. increase in risk, no access to computer, or exposure tasks or behavioural experiments cannot be undertaken. The authors highlight some of the considerations to take in CBT in light of our current understanding of COVID-19, including therapists and clients taking calculated risks when developing behavioural experiments and exposure tasks, considering viral loading and vulnerability factors. Special considerations for young people and perinatal women are discussed, as well as foreseeing what life may be like for those with OCD after the pandemic is over. KEY LEARNING AIMS: (1).. To learn how to identify OCD in the context of COVID-19 and consider the differences between following government guidelines and OCD. (2).. To consider the presentation of OCD in context of COVID-19, with regard to cognitive and behavioural processes. (3).. Review factors to be considered when embarking on CBT for OCD during the pandemic. (4).. Considerations in CBT for OCD, including weighing up costs and benefits of behavioural experiments or exposure tasks in light of our current understanding of the risks associated with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387744/ doi: 10.1017/s1754470x20000318 id: cord-338979-ew046wcr author: Jasti, Madhu title: A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 2972.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338979-ew046wcr.txt summary: This novel coronavirus reportedly had symptoms resembling that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV) seen in the year 2003 [3] . A recently published study that looked at 214 cases of severe coronavirus illness treated in Wuhan during the early phase of the global pandemic reported that about 36% of patients displayed neurological symptoms [11] . There have been a fair number of reports suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infecting the neurons, raising questions about the direct effects of the virus on the brain that play a role in patients'' deaths. By contrast, there have been a few case reports which mention no penetrance of virus into the central nervous system as evidenced by the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in CSF and that the CNS effects are secondary to elevated inflammatory markers as CSF analyses during the acute stage showed pleocytosis with increased IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations [17] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious pandemics of the recent times. Since this pandemic began, there have been numerous reports about the COVID-19 involvement of the nervous system. There have been reports of both direct and indirect involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system by the virus. OBJECTIVE: To review the neuropsychiatric manifestations along with corresponding pathophysiologic mechanisms of nervous system involvement by the COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the disease in humans in the later part of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world with over 2,719,000 reported cases in over 200 countries [World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-96.,]. While patients typically present with fever, shortness of breath, sore throat, and cough, neurologic manifestations have been reported, as well. These include the ones with both direct and indirect involvement of the nervous system. The reported manifestations include anosmia, ageusia, central respiratory failure, stroke, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, toxic–metabolic encephalopathy, headache, myalgia, myelitis, ataxia, and various neuropsychiatric manifestations. These data were derived from the published clinical data in various journals and case reports. CONCLUSION: The neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 are varied and the data about this continue to evolve as the pandemic continues to progress. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494854/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09950-w id: cord-283352-0l1ggmhx author: Javelot, H title: Panic and pandemic: narrative review of the literature on the links and risks of panic disorder as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 4437.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283352-0l1ggmhx.txt summary: Abstract Although the ''panic'' word has been abundantly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in the press, in the scientific literature very few studies have considered whether the current epidemic could predispose to the onset or the aggravation of panic attacks or panic disorder. The current SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic is likely to induce, beyond its potentially dramatic impact on health, serious psychological consequences, particularly in terms of the often reported "panic" state it triggered, and the medical disorder potentially linked to this state, i.e., panic disorder [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . In this review, we propose to address : (i) the way in which the international literature has used to date the terminology of "panic" in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, (ii) the very concept of panic attack, panic disorder and the specificity of the respiratory component frequently associated with it, (iii) and finally, a synthesis of the links and risk factors between COVID-19 and "respiratory" panic disorder. abstract: Abstract Although the ‘panic’ word has been abundantly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in the press, in the scientific literature very few studies have considered whether the current epidemic could predispose to the onset or the aggravation of panic attacks or panic disorder. Indeed, most studies thus far have focused on the risk of increase and aggravation of other psychiatric disorders as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, risk of onset or aggravation of panic disorder, especially the subtype with prominent respiratory symptoms, which is characterized by a fear response conditioning to interoceptive sensations (e.g., respiratory), and hypervigilance to these interoceptive signals, could be expected in the current situation. Indeed, respiratory symptoms, such as coughs and dyspnea, are among the most commonly associated with the SARS-CoV-2 (59-82% and 31-55%, respectively), and respiratory symptoms are associated with a poor illness prognosis. Hence given that some etiological and maintenance factors associated with panic disorder – i.e., fear conditioning to abnormal breathing patterns attributable or not to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), as well as hypervigilance towards breathing abnormalities – are supposedly more prevalent, one could expect an increased risk of panic disorder onset or aggravation following the COVID-19 pandemic in people who were affected by the virus, but also those who were not. In people with the comorbidity (i.e., panic disorder or panic attacks and the COVID-19), it is particularly important to be aware of the risk of hypokalemia in specific at-risk situations or prescriptions. For instance, in the case of salbutamol prescription, which might be overly used in patients with anxiety disorders and COVID-19, or in patients presenting with diarrhea and vomiting. Hypokalemia is associated with an increased risk of torsade de pointe, thus caution is required when prescribing specific psychotropic drugs, such as the antidepressants citalopram and escitalopram, which are first-line treatments for panic disorder, but also hydroxyzine, aiming at anxiety relief. The results reviewed here highlight the importance of considering and further investigating the impact of the current pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder (alone or comorbid with the COVID-19). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0013700620301895 doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.08.001 id: cord-301943-qdtfjdxr author: Javelot, H title: Panique et pandémie: revue de la littérature sur les liens entre le trouble panique et l''épidémie à SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-21 words: 4740.0 sentences: 393.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301943-qdtfjdxr.txt summary: Résumé L''état de panique associé à la pandémie liée au SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) incite à s''interroger sur les troubles anxieux que cette situation pourrait générer ou aggraver. D''éventuelles situations co-morbides entre un tel trouble et la COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) doivent inciter à certaines précautions en matière de prescriptions médicamenteuses, notamment en lien avec les traitements, ou situations, sources d''hypokaliémie : (i) le salbutamol, source potentielle de surconsommation, notamment chez les patients anxieux, (ii) l''infection par le SARS-CoV-2 et plus encore en cas de diarrhées et/ou vomissements. D''éventuelles situations co-morbides entre un tel trouble et la COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) doivent inciter à certaines précautions en matière de prescriptions médicamenteuses, notamment en lien avec les traitements, ou situations, sources d''hypokaliémie : (i) le salbutamol, source potentielle de surconsommation, notamment chez les patients anxieux, (ii) l''infection par le SARS-CoV-2 et plus encore en cas de diarrhées et/ou vomissements. abstract: Résumé L’état de panique associé à la pandémie liée au SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) incite à s’interroger sur les troubles anxieux que cette situation pourrait générer ou aggraver. Si la littérature a déjà fourni des projections généralistes en la matière, les données concrètes concernent à ce stage davantage le trouble de stress post-traumatique et le trouble obsessionnel compulsif, tandis que quelques évaluations s’intéressent au cadre nosographie du trouble anxieux généralisé. Le trouble panique ne se voit que peu ou pas cité et l’évocation de la « panique », au sens social, la supplante largement. Bien que d’une légitimité clinique encore débattue, le trouble panique qualifié de « respiratoire » pourrait se voir augmenter en nombre et/ou être intensifié chez les patients qui en présentent déjà. D’éventuelles situations co-morbides entre un tel trouble et la COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) doivent inciter à certaines précautions en matière de prescriptions médicamenteuses, notamment en lien avec les traitements, ou situations, sources d’hypokaliémie : (i) le salbutamol, source potentielle de surconsommation, notamment chez les patients anxieux, (ii) l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 et plus encore en cas de diarrhées et/ou vomissements. L’hypokaliémie est associée à un risque accru de torsade de pointe, il convient donc également d’être prudent en matière de prescription de psychotropes à risque : comme avec le citalopram et l’escitalopram, des antidépresseurs indiqués dans le trouble panique, ou encore l’hydroxyzine, à visée anxiolytique. Ces données sont de nature à resituer l’importance de la prise en considération du trouble panique dans le cadre de la pandémie en cours. Abstract Although the ‘panic’ word has been abundantly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in the press, in the scientific literature very few studies have considered whether the current epidemic could predispose to the onset or the aggravation of panic attacks or panic disorder. Indeed, most studies thus far have focused on the risk of increase and aggravation of other psychiatric disorders as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Yet, risk of onset or aggravation of panic disorder, especially the subtype with prominent respiratory symptoms, which is characterized by a fear response conditioning to interoceptive sensations (e.g., respiratory), and hypervigilance to these interoceptive signals, could be expected in the current situation. Indeed, respiratory symptoms, such as coughs and dyspnea, are among the most commonly associated with the SARS-CoV-2 (59-82 % and 31-55 %, respectively), and respiratory symptoms are associated with a poor illness prognosis. Hence given that some etiological and maintenance factors associated with panic disorder – i.e., fear conditioning to abnormal breathing patterns attributable or not to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), as well as hypervigilance towards breathing abnormalities – are supposedly more prevalent, one could expect an increased risk of panic disorder onset or aggravation following the COVID-19 epidemic in people who were affected by the virus, but also those who were not. In people with the comorbidity (i.e., panic disorder or panic attacks and the COVID-19), it is particularly important to be aware of the risk of hypokalemia in specific at-risk situations or prescriptions. For instance, in the case of salbutamol prescription, which might be overly used in patients with anxiety disorders and COVID-19, or in patients presenting with diarrhea and vomiting. Hypokalemia is associated with an increased risk of torsade de pointe, thus caution is required when prescribing specific psychotropic drugs, such as the antidepressants citalopram and escitalopram, which are first-line treatments for panic disorder, but also hydroxyzine, aiming at anxiety reduction. The results reviewed here highlight the importance of considering and further investigating the impact of the current pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder (alone or comorbid with the COVID-19). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0013700620300956 doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.05.010 id: cord-354900-bzv4yhqi author: Jawhara, Samir title: How to boost the immune defence prior to respiratory virus infections with the special focus on coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-12 words: 3691.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354900-bzv4yhqi.txt summary: During the period of home confinement facing individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, our immune defence could be weakened by different factors, including stress, anxiety and poor nutrition, while a healthy diet rich in vitamins C and D can reinforce the immune defence and reduce the risk of microbial infections. This short review focuses on the role of baker''s yeast β-glucan, with a healthy diet rich in natural vitamins C and D, in addition to a healthy gut microbiota can provide synergistic immune system support, helping the body to naturally defend prior to respiratory virus infections, until stronger options such as vaccines are available. Of note, the SARS-CoV-2 particles first invade the respiratory mucosa and infect other cell types, causing a series of immune responses and the overproduction of cytokines ''cytokine storm'' , which may be related to the critical condition of COVID-19 patients [21] . abstract: The emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes severe respiratory tract infections in humans (COVID-19), has become a global health concern. One of the most worrying features of COVID-19 is a phenomenon known as the “cytokine storm”, which is a rapid overreaction of the immune system. Additionally, coagulation abnormalities, thrombocytopenia and digestive symptoms, including anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea, are often observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Baker’s yeast β-glucan, a natural immunomodulatory component derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, primes the immune system to respond better to any microbial infection. Our previous studies have shown that oral administration of yeast β-glucans decreased the diarrhoea, modulated cytokine expression, and reduced the intestinal inflammation. Additionally, we showed that β-glucan fractions decreased coagulation in plasma and reduced the activation of platelets. During the period of home confinement facing individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, our immune defence could be weakened by different factors, including stress, anxiety and poor nutrition, while a healthy diet rich in vitamins C and D can reinforce the immune defence and reduce the risk of microbial infections. Additionally, β-glucan can be used to strengthen the immune defence in healthy individuals prior to any possible viral infections. This short review focuses on the role of baker’s yeast β-glucan, with a healthy diet rich in natural vitamins C and D, in addition to a healthy gut microbiota can provide synergistic immune system support, helping the body to naturally defend prior to respiratory virus infections, until stronger options such as vaccines are available. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-020-00385-2 doi: 10.1186/s13099-020-00385-2 id: cord-261971-rt6uo9pw author: Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya title: The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 8257.0 sentences: 623.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261971-rt6uo9pw.txt summary: 16 Meanwhile, however, another MFA Spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, tweeted on the same day, "It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan." 17 On March 16, Trump again referred to the "Chinese Virus," 18 and during a White House press briefing on the 17th, he defended his use of the term: "I didn''t appreciate the fact that China was saying that our military gave it to them." 19 He also rejected the idea that such a term creates a stigma: "I don''t think so. Pushing back, The People''s Daily published an article entitled, "US COVID-19 statistics challenged by multiple research: lethal virus is far more widespread in the country than previously thought." 28 Meanwhile, in Washington, Trump claimed on April 23 that he has evidence that gives him "high level confidence" that the virus came from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing a surge of nationalism throughout an ostensibly globalized world. In this article, we focus on the “narrative battle” over COVID-19 that has escalated between two competing major powers – China and the US. Guided by a cultural sociological approach, we reveal the meaning-making processes behind the narrative battle through in-depth, hermeneutical reconstruction of the “reactive performance” of each country, as articulated in political speeches and mass media. We point out that, in the Chinese narrative, the country emerges from a “century of humiliation,” becoming a major world power that will no longer be subject to the “bullying” of the West. In the US narrative, even though Trump initially highlights the country’s “very good” relationship with China, as the storyline unfolds, China is blamed for the global pandemic, assuming again the role of a dangerous actor on the world stage. Our research shows that the current reactive communicative mechanism is not only unsustainable, but also dangerous in times of crisis. We suggest that recognition of the narrative battle and acknowledgement of its performative function in the public sphere is the first step toward mutual understanding and meaningful dialogue between these two world powers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904977/ doi: 10.1007/s11366-020-09690-8 id: cord-353519-cmeociax author: Jay Miller, J. title: Child Welfare Workers and Peritraumatic Distress: The Impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 4802.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353519-cmeociax.txt summary: This exploratory study examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress among child welfare workers (N=1,996) in one southeastern state in the United States (U.S.). Sexual orientation, self-reported physical and mental health, relationship status, supervision status, and financial stability impacted distress levels experienced by child welfare workers. In a broader review of six articles published about the impact of COVID on healthcare workers, Spoorthy, Pratapa, and Mahant (2020) concluded that factors such as gender, age, and lack of social support, among others, were linked to stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among study participants. Research Question 1: What are COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress levels among child welfare workers? This study is likely the first to examine COVID-19 related distress among child welfare workers. In addition, though exploratory, the study has a more than adequate sample size of child welfare workers and examines the concept of peritraumatic distress related to the pandemic. abstract: Whilst there is broad consensus that COVID-19 has had a pernicious impact on child welfare services, in general, and child welfare workers, specifically, this notion has not been thoroughly examined in the literature. This exploratory study examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress among child welfare workers (N=1,996) in one southeastern state in the United States (U.S.). Findings suggest that the study sample was experiencing distress levels above normal ranges; 46.4% of participants were experiencing mild or severe distress. Sexual orientation, self-reported physical and mental health, relationship status, supervision status, and financial stability impacted distress levels experienced by child welfare workers. Overall, data suggest that COVID-19 is impacting child welfare workers and there is a need to conceptualize, implement, and evaluate initiatives aimed at assuaging distress among child welfare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105508 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105508 id: cord-300399-21xozruq author: Jayamohan, Harikrishnan title: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations date: 2020-10-18 words: 13003.0 sentences: 770.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300399-21xozruq.txt summary: This review paper examines current molecular diagnostic tools (Fig. 1) , such as amplification-based (including CRISPR-Cas based), antibody and antigen tests, and sequencing, utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we also discuss sample preparation aspects that are relevant to wider utilization and point-of-care (POC) deployment of COVID-19 diagnostic tests (PCR, isothermal amplification, and sequencing-including library preparation). RT-PCR broadly involves four steps-lysis of SARS-CoV-2 in the sample, purification of the viral RNA, reverse transcription to complementary DNA (cDNA), and amplification of specific regions of the cDNA, and finally, optical detection of the amplified cDNA. The assay can detect the virus from respiratory swab samples with sensitivity comparable to that of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR assay in 30-40 min. Evaluation of novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples abstract: The unprecedented global pandemic known as SARS-CoV-2 has exercised to its limits nearly all aspects of modern viral diagnostics. In doing so, it has illuminated both the advantages and limitations of current technologies. Tremendous effort has been put forth to expand our capacity to diagnose this deadly virus. In this work, we put forth key observations in the functionality of current methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. These methods include nucleic acid amplification–, CRISPR-, sequencing-, antigen-, and antibody-based detection methods. Additionally, we include analysis of equally critical aspects of COVID-19 diagnostics, including sample collection and preparation, testing models, and commercial response. We emphasize the integrated nature of assays, wherein issues in sample collection and preparation could impact the overall performance in a clinical setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073312/ doi: 10.1007/s00216-020-02958-1 id: cord-263457-puf8gjir author: Jayarangaiah, Apoorva title: COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy: An Exacerbated Immunothrombosis Response date: 2020-07-31 words: 5552.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263457-puf8gjir.txt summary: Activated leukocytes potentiate a procoagulant state via release of intravascular tissue factor, platelet activation, NETosis, and inhibition of anticoagulant mechanisms. 4, 5 The predominant underlying mechanism in COVID-19-related mortality is hypothesized to be widespread tissue damage and endothelial injury from an overactivated immune system via exaggerated T-cell responses and increased cytokine secretion, leading to a cytokine storm. 70 In conclusion, a viral-mediated coagulant state culminates in the presence of endothelial injury and dysfunction and cytokine-driven inflammatory conditions, leading to activation of TF-mediated thrombosis. The current COVID-19 pandemic has resurrected the concept of immunothrombosis as it is a relevant model to demonstrate the potentiating effects of the immune system and the coagulation system and the detrimental effects associated with their unrestrained activation, as evidenced by microthrombi and overt venous and arterial thrombi (Figure 4 ). A procoagulant state in COVID-19 is the result of a direct viral-related endothelial injury, leukocyte-and cytokinemediated platelet activation, TF release, and NETosis augmented by an unchecked activation of the complement system. abstract: Since the onset of the global pandemic in early 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a multitude of challenges to health care systems worldwide. In order to combat these challenges and devise appropriate therapeutic strategies, it becomes of paramount importance to elucidate the pathophysiology of this illness. Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), is characterized by a dysregulated immune system and hypercoagulability. COVID-associated coagulopathy (CAC) was recognized based on profound d-dimer elevations and evidence of microthrombi and macrothrombi, both in venous and arterial systems. The underlying mechanisms associated with CAC have been suggested, but not clearly defined. The model of immunothrombosis illustrates the elaborate crosstalk between the innate immune system and coagulation. The rendering of a procoagulant state in COVID-19 involves the interplay of many innate immune pathways. The SARS-CoV2 virus can directly infect immune and endothelial cells, leading to endothelial injury and dysregulation of the immune system. Activated leukocytes potentiate a procoagulant state via release of intravascular tissue factor, platelet activation, NETosis, and inhibition of anticoagulant mechanisms. Additional pathways of specific relevance in CAC include cytokine release and complement activation. All these mechanisms have recently been reported in COVID-19. Immunothrombosis provides a comprehensive perspective of the several synergistic pathways pertinent to the pathogenesis of CAC. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620943293 doi: 10.1177/1076029620943293 id: cord-257707-brrrg4fr author: Jayasighe, Ravindri title: Quality of online information for the general public on COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 2130.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257707-brrrg4fr.txt summary: Validated tools were used to assess readability [Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES)], usability and reliability (LIDA tool) and quality (DISCERN instrument). CONCLUSION: The majority of websites on COVID-19 for the public had moderate to low scores with regards to readability, usability, reliability and quality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Prompt strategies should be implemented to standardize online health information on COVID-19 during this pandemic to ensure the general public has access to good quality reliable information. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyse the current COVID-19 websites targeting the general public in terms of quality, usability, readability, and reliability using a wide search strategy and validated instruments. So far only a limited number of studies have been done to assess the quality of health information websites related to COVID-19. This study has shown the quality, readability, usability, and reliability of the information on COVID-19 on majority of websites providing health information to the general public are to be of substandard quality. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the quality of information included in websites aimed at the public on COVID-19. METHODS: Yahoo!, Google and Bing search engines were browsed using selected keywords on COVID-19. The first 100 websites from each search engine for each keyword were evaluated. Validated tools were used to assess readability [Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES)], usability and reliability (LIDA tool) and quality (DISCERN instrument). Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Eighty-four eligible sites were analysed. The median FRES score was 54.2 (range:23.2-73.5). The median LIDA usability and reliability scores were 46 (range:18-54) and 37(range:14-51), respectively. A low (<50%) overall LIDA score was recorded for 30.9% (n = 26) of the websites. The median DISCERN score was 49.5 (range: 21-77). The DISCERN score of ≤50% was found in 45 (53.6%) websites. The DISCERN score was significantly associated with LIDA usability and reliability scores (p < 0.001) and the FRES score (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: The majority of websites on COVID-19 for the public had moderate to low scores with regards to readability, usability, reliability and quality. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Prompt strategies should be implemented to standardize online health information on COVID-19 during this pandemic to ensure the general public has access to good quality reliable information. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073839912030402X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.001 id: cord-253252-s8fm5rfa author: Jayaweera, Mahesh title: Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy date: 2020-06-13 words: 14098.0 sentences: 573.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt summary: This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of viral-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. There have been myriads of hypotheses corroborating that certain threshold levels of humidity, temperature, sunlight, and ventilation will speed up the virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission, aggravating the spread of the SARS-CoV disease (Morawska, 2006) . Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the use of masks for the control of SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosol transmission from an infected person to a susceptible host is uncertain and not fully conceivable. Researchers have speculated that both droplets and aerosols generated from non-violent and violent expirations of SARS-CoV-2-infected people may be responsible for the nonnosocomial and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 disease. abstract: The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of viral-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of viral-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 viral-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. Hence, clearly defined, science-based administrative, clinical, and physical measures are of paramount importance to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic from the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569870/ doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819 id: cord-283513-3f4rsgzm author: Jaywant, Abhishek title: Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care date: 2020-07-07 words: 1265.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283513-3f4rsgzm.txt summary: title: Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care Here, we describe how neuropsychology and consultation-liaison psychiatry have collaborated to implement interventions within this unit to facilitate patients'' recovery. Consistent with early reports [4] , we have found a high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients on our recovery unit. To facilitate orientation and memory, all patient rooms have a large whiteboard on which providers write their names and where patients'' rehabilitation goals and progress are recorded. Psychoeducation on rehabilitation; clinician-led mindfulness; virtual reality-based mindfulness; cognitive restructuring; problem-solving; brief psychotherapy scheduled prior to PT/OT; cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy group; chair yoga. Use of room whiteboard to track date, location, names of providers, and rehabilitation goals and progress; clinicians wear large ID tags and assist in reorientation; "memory books." Early intraintensive care unit psychological intervention promotes recovery from post traumatic stress disorders, anxiety and depression symptoms in critically ill patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654787/ doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.001 id: cord-315453-mbv8vb2r author: Jean, Shio-Shin title: Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 3462.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315453-mbv8vb2r.txt summary: EXPERT OPINION: Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Recently, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the phase 3, double-blind ODYSSEY study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326426, initiated on 12 April 2020) to investigate the efficacy and safety of tradipitant at a dosage of 85 mg orally twice daily for the treatment of inflammatory lung injury following critical COVID-19 infection [35] . Apart from remdesivir that was shown to have acceptable clinical efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and acceptable side effects, the potential antiviral drugs that are likely useful in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 included hydroxychloroquine, teicoplanin, and ivermectin. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated. AREAS COVERED: This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy. EXPERT OPINION: Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419524/ doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1771181 id: cord-259338-q3kw6n9o author: Jean, Sim Xiang Ying title: Utilizing the Electronic Health Records to Create a Syndromic Staff Surveillance System During the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-11-04 words: 2561.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259338-q3kw6n9o.txt summary: We aimed to create a prototype staff surveillance system for the detection of acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst our healthcare workers (HCWs) and describe its effectiveness. Conclusion The use of syndromic surveillance to detect ARI clusters amongst HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic may enable early case detection and prevent onward transmission. Utilizing the electronic health records, we have created a prototypic surveillance system in the detection of acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst staff and aim to describe its effectiveness in this study. The aim of this descriptive analytic study is to describe the effectiveness of a prototypic staff syndromic surveillance system in identifying acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst the staff population in the hospital. This initial feasibility study shows that the use of a syndromic surveillance system has the ability to identify ARI clusters amongst staff populations that would initiate downstream investigation and active screening. abstract: Objectives Since December 2019, COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic and Singapore has seen escalating cases with community spread. Aggressive contact tracing and identification of suspects has helped to identify local community clusters, surveillance being the key to early intervention. Healthcare workers have contracted COVID-19 infection both at the workplace and community. We aimed to create a prototype staff surveillance system for the detection of acute respiratory infection (ARI) clusters amongst our healthcare workers (HCWs) and describe its effectiveness. Methods/Results A prototypical surveillance system was built on existing electronic health record infrastructure. Over a 10-week period, we investigated 10 ARI clusters amongst 7 departments. One of the ARI clusters was later determined to be related to COVID-19 infection. We demonstrate the feasibility of syndromic surveillance to detect ARI clusters during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion The use of syndromic surveillance to detect ARI clusters amongst HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic may enable early case detection and prevent onward transmission. It could be an important tool in infection prevention within healthcare institutions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320309718 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.003 id: cord-321867-7n88rl6p author: Jee, J. title: Oncologic Immunomodulatory Agents in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 words: 3944.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321867-7n88rl6p.txt summary: A recent retrospective study found a possible trend toward worse outcomes associated with corticosteroid use in cancer patients, although no analysis was performed to correct for possible selection bias in which sicker patients received those medications [11] . For all analyses we considered the number of patients who developed a primary composite endpoint of respiratory failure (use of nonrebreather, high-flow nasal oxygen, or mechanical ventilation) or death within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. When patients were stratified by level of respiratory support, corticosteroid use was associated with worse outcomes in the pre-2L oxygen cohort (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.9), a trend not observed in the post-2L oxygen (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4-1.9) and post-critical cohorts (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.4), though these additional analyses were limited by All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.20145458 doi: medRxiv preprint from neutropenia 60 to 180 days prior to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis did not have worse outcomes. abstract: Background Corticosteroids, anti-CD20 agents, immunotherapies, and cytotoxic chemotherapy are commonly used in the treatment of patients with cancer. How these agents impact patients with cancer who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively investigated associations between SARS-CoV-2-associated respiratory failure or death with receipt of the aforementioned medications and with pre-COVID-19 neutropenia. The study included all cancer patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center until June 2, 2020 (N=820). We controlled for cancer-related characteristics known to predispose to worse COVID-19. To address that more acutely ill patients receive therapeutic corticosteroids, we examined patient subsets based on different levels of respiratory support: <=2 L/min supplemental oxygen, >2L/min supplemental oxygen, and advanced respiratory support prior to death. Results Corticosteroid administration was associated with worse outcomes in the pre-2L supplemental oxygen cohort; no statistically significant difference was observed in the >2L/min supplemental oxygen and post-critical cohorts. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were lower, and ferritin levels were higher, after corticosteroid administration. In patients with metastatic thoracic cancer, 9 of 25 (36%) and 10 of 31 (32%) had respiratory failure or death among those who did and did not receive immunotherapy, respectively. Seven of 23 (30%) and 52 of 187 (28%) patients with hematologic cancer had respiratory failure or death among those who did and did not receive anti-CD20 therapy, respectively. Chemotherapy itself was not associated with worse outcomes, but pre-COVID-19 neutropenia was associated with worse COVID-19 course. Relative prevalence of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia in previous studies may account for different conclusions regarding the risks of chemotherapy in patients with COVID-19. In the absence of prospective studies and evidence-based guidelines, our data may aid providers looking to assess the risks and benefits of these agents in caring for cancer patients in the COVID-19 era. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.20145458 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20145458 id: cord-340921-tg62xw8v author: Jee, Youngmee title: WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-19 words: 1902.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340921-tg62xw8v.txt summary: With the commencement of largescale community transmission in European and Middle Eastern countries, the WHO Director-General Ghebreyesus declared COVID-19 a pandemic, based on the speed and scale of spread of the assessment of significant risk of international spread, and impact of the infectious disease on travel or trade. Although the COVID-19 pandemic declaration will not significantly change the responses of the State Parties, it has reaffirmed that the countries vulnerable to this novel infectious disease shall prepare for outbreaks more thoroughly, and WHO shall actively support and collaborate with them to accomplish the same. As mentioned above, PHEIC declaration provides a rationale for WHO to actively cooperate with vulnerable countries with poor public health infrastructure and assist them in preparing for outbreaks of novel infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and to provide technical guidance and assistance as well as mobilizing international experts for on-site assistance, if necessary. abstract: To discuss whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), World Health Organization (WHO) organized the 15-member International Health Regulations Emergency Committee (EC). On January 22-23 and January 30, 2020, EC convened and discussed whether the situation in China and other countries would constitute PHEIC and issued recommendations for WHO, China and the international community. Based on the recommendations of EC, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a PHEIC. One of the purposes of the declaration of PHEIC was to alarm countries with weak public health infrastructures to prepare promptly for emerging infectious diseases (EID) and provide WHO with a framework for proactively supporting those countries. On February 3, 2020, WHO proposed the 2019 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, which includes accelerating research and development (R&D) processes as one of three major strategies. On February 11-12, 2020, WHO held the Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap for COVID-19. The fact that a COVID-19 R&D forum was the first meeting convened after the PHEIC declaration testifies to the importance of R&D in response to EID. Korea has demonstrated a remarkable capacity in its laboratory response by conducting high-throughput COVID-19 testing and utilizing innovative drive-through samplings. These measures for early detection and screening of cases should be followed by full efforts to produce research-based evidence by thoroughly analyzing epidemiological, clinical and immunological data, which will facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. It is expected that Korea plays a global partner for COVID-19 research by actively participating in immediate and mid/long-term priorities jointly led by WHO and global partners. url: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020013 doi: 10.4178/epih.e2020013 id: cord-342340-q6j7vy8u author: Jefferies, Sarah title: COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of the national response: a descriptive epidemiological study date: 2020-10-14 words: 5717.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342340-q6j7vy8u.txt summary: METHODS: We did a descriptive epidemiological study of all laboratory-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and all patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New Zealand from Feb 2 to May 13, 2020, after which time community transmission ceased. Demographic features and disease outcomes, transmission patterns (source of infection, outbreaks, household transmission), time-to-event intervals, and testing coverage were described over five phases of the response, capturing different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions. This descriptive epidemiological study examined a cohort of all confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases and all people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in New Zealand up to May 13, 2020 , which marked the easing of the most restrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions, after which community transmission ceased. abstract: BACKGROUND: In early 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, New Zealand implemented graduated, risk-informed national COVID-19 suppression measures aimed at disease elimination. We investigated their impacts on the epidemiology of the first wave of COVID-19 in the country and response performance measures. METHODS: We did a descriptive epidemiological study of all laboratory-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and all patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New Zealand from Feb 2 to May 13, 2020, after which time community transmission ceased. We extracted data from the national notifiable diseases database and the national SARS-CoV-2 test results repository. Demographic features and disease outcomes, transmission patterns (source of infection, outbreaks, household transmission), time-to-event intervals, and testing coverage were described over five phases of the response, capturing different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Risk factors for severe outcomes (hospitalisation or death) were examined with multivariable logistic regression and time-to-event intervals were analysed by fitting parametric distributions using maximum likelihood estimation. FINDINGS: 1503 cases were detected over the study period, including 95 (6·3%) hospital admissions and 22 (1·5%) COVID-19 deaths. The estimated case infection rate per million people per day peaked at 8·5 (95% CI 7·6–9·4) during the 10-day period of rapid response escalation, declining to 3·2 (2·8–3·7) in the start of lockdown and progressively thereafter. 1034 (69%) cases were imported or import related, tending to be younger adults, of European ethnicity, and of higher socioeconomic status. 702 (47%) cases were linked to 34 outbreaks. Severe outcomes were associated with locally acquired infection (crude odds ratio [OR] 2·32 [95% CI 1·40–3·82] compared with imported), older age (adjusted OR ranging from 2·72 [1·40–5·30] for 50–64 year olds to 8·25 [2·59–26·31] for people aged ≥80 years compared with 20–34 year olds), aged residential care residency (adjusted OR 3·86 [1·59–9·35]), and Pacific peoples (adjusted OR 2·76 [1·14–6·68]) and Asian (2·15 [1·10–4·20]) ethnicities relative to European or other. Times from illness onset to notification and isolation progressively decreased and testing increased over the study period, with few disparities and increasing coverage of females, Māori, Pacific peoples, and lower socioeconomic groups. INTERPRETATION: New Zealand's response resulted in low relative burden of disease, low levels of population disease disparities, and the initial achievement of COVID-19 elimination. FUNDING: Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment Strategic Scientific Investment Fund, and Ministry of Health, New Zealand. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468266720302255 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30225-5 id: cord-257273-itefsyv4 author: Jefsen, O. H. title: COVID‐19‐related self‐harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders date: 2020-07-30 words: 830.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257273-itefsyv4.txt summary: H.; Rohde, C.; Nørremark, B.; Østergaard, S. describe how the COVID-19 pandemic may affect mental health and psychiatric care, and predict that suicide rates may increase because of the pandemic. 5 One of the most severe manifestations of pandemic-related psychopathology was self-harm/suicidality, which was described in 102 clinical notes from 74 patients. This effort was approved by the Chief Medical Officer of Psychiatry in the CDR as part of a quality development project (''COVID-19 and mental disorders'') aiming at optimizing the detection and care of patients with pandemic-related psychopathology. 3 Although we have no knowledge of the counterfactual (how these patients would have fared without the pandemic), our results seem compatible with the COVID-19 crisis leading to increased self-harm/suicidality in individuals with mental disorders, thereby corroborating the concern expressed by Madsen et al. Psychiatric symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented public health emergency. Extraordinary measures have been implemented to reduce the spread of the virus, including mass quarantines and social distancing. However, these preventive measures come at a price. Economic stress, social isolation, decreased access to community activities, etc., is the new reality for a large part of the global community, and may have detrimental effects on mental health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659855/ doi: 10.1111/acps.13214 id: cord-353200-5csewb1k author: Jehi, Lara title: Development and validation of a model for individualized prediction of hospitalization risk in 4,536 patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 4344.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353200-5csewb1k.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To characterize a large cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, their outcomes, develop and validate a statistical model that allows individualized prediction of future hospitalization risk for a patient newly diagnosed with COVID-19. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 applying a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm to retain the most predictive features for hospitalization risk, followed by validation in a temporally distinct patient cohort. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, clinical, social influencers of health, exposure risk, medical co-morbidities, vaccination history, presenting symptoms, medications, and laboratory values were collected on all patients, and considered in our model development. Hospitalization risk prediction and outcomes in COVID-19 PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237419 August 11, 2020 2 / 15 ethical restrictions by the Cleveland clinic regulatory bodies including the institutional review Board and legal counsel. We also develop and validate a statistical model that can assist with individualized prediction of hospitalization risk for a patient with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 is a pandemic that is straining healthcare resources, mainly hospital beds. Multiple risk factors of disease progression requiring hospitalization have been identified, but medical decision-making remains complex. OBJECTIVE: To characterize a large cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, their outcomes, develop and validate a statistical model that allows individualized prediction of future hospitalization risk for a patient newly diagnosed with COVID-19. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 applying a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression algorithm to retain the most predictive features for hospitalization risk, followed by validation in a temporally distinct patient cohort. The final model was displayed as a nomogram and programmed into an online risk calculator. SETTING: One healthcare system in Ohio and Florida. PARTICIPANTS: All patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March 8, 2020 and June 5, 2020. Those tested before May 1 were included in the development cohort, while those tested May 1 and later comprised the validation cohort. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, clinical, social influencers of health, exposure risk, medical co-morbidities, vaccination history, presenting symptoms, medications, and laboratory values were collected on all patients, and considered in our model development. RESULTS: 4,536 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Of those, 958 (21.1%) required hospitalization. By day 3 of hospitalization, 24% of patients were transferred to the intensive care unit, and around half of the remaining patients were discharged home. Ten patients died. Hospitalization risk was increased with older age, black race, male sex, former smoking history, diabetes, hypertension, chronic lung disease, poor socioeconomic status, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and certain medications (NSAIDs, immunosuppressive treatment). Hospitalization risk was reduced with prior flu vaccination. Model discrimination was excellent with an area under the curve of 0.900 (95% confidence interval of 0.886–0.914) in the development cohort, and 0.813 (0.786, 0.839) in the validation cohort. The scaled Brier score was 42.6% (95% CI 37.8%, 47.4%) in the development cohort and 25.6% (19.9%, 31.3%) in the validation cohort. Calibration was very good. The online risk calculator is freely available and found at https://riskcalc.org/COVID19Hospitalization/. LIMITATION: Retrospective cohort design. CONCLUSION: Our study crystallizes published risk factors of COVID-19 progression, but also provides new data on the role of social influencers of health, race, and influenza vaccination. In a context of a pandemic and limited healthcare resources, individualized outcome prediction through this nomogram or online risk calculator can facilitate complex medical decision-making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780765/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237419 id: cord-273433-0014ih0d author: Jelinek, Lena title: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During COVID-19: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity? date: 2020-11-05 words: 5482.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273433-0014ih0d.txt summary: The questionnaire inquired about (1) demographic information, such as age and gender, as well as predominant OCD symptoms (obsessions, washing/cleaning, checking, symmetry/ordering, hoarding, and other); (2) reasons for the change in symptom severity (reduced mobility, availability of cleaning/hygiene products, economic factors, lack of availability of doctors/therapist, interpersonal conflicts) as rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 = significantly increased to 5 = significantly decreased; (3) the change in OCD symptom severity (total, obsessions, compulsion, avoidance) as rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with 1 = significantly decreased to 5 = significantly increased (items largely corresponded to a scale used to quantify change during the COVID-10 pandemic in eating disorders, Schlegl, Maier, et al., 2020; Schlegl, Meule, et al., 2020) ; (4) dysfunctional and functional beliefs associated with COVID-19 (for items, see Table 3 ) rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = does not apply at all to 5 = totally applies; (5) experience of self-competence associated with prevention of infection with COVID-19 (e.g., giving other people helpful hygiene tips; for items, see Table 4 ) rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = totally applies to 6 = does not apply at all. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted global measures to prevent infection. Experts assume that it is particularly affecting people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), especially those with washing compulsions. Data, however, are currently lacking. 394 participants with OCD (n = 223 washers) participated in an online survey. Change in severity of OCD symptoms, reasons participants reported for the change (e.g., reduced mobility, reduced availability of cleaning products, economic factors, interpersonal conflicts), as well as participants’ beliefs and experience associated with COVID-19 were assessed. 72% of the participants reported an increase in OCD. This increase was significantly stronger in washers compared to non-washers. The worsening of symptoms was primarily associated with reduced mobility and interpersonal conflicts. Dysfunctional hygiene-related beliefs were significantly higher in washers than non-washers and were associated with greater symptom progression. Washers were more confident than non-washers about providing other people with helpful advice related to infection preventions. Washers, however, received more negative feedback from others in response to the advice they provided than non-washers. The majority of participants with OCD were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the negative effects were more pronounced in washers than in non-washers. Rapid interventions for OCD should be implemented to prevent long-term deterioration. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0887618520301432 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102329 id: cord-323497-9km0i816 author: Jella, Tarun K. title: Geospatial Mapping of Orthopaedic Surgeons Age 60 and Over and Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 words: 2938.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323497-9km0i816.txt summary: METHODS: Demographic statistics from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges were extracted to identify the 2018 statewide proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years of age as well as age-related demographic data for all surgical specialties. Therefore, the purposes of the present study are (1) to determine the geographic distribution of older orthopaedic surgeons in the U.S., (2) to compare the distribution with those of other surgical specialties, and (3) to compare this distribution with the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. D emographic statistics for 2018 were extracted from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to identify the proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons ‡60 years of age in each state 13 . abstract: BACKGROUND: Although elective surgical procedures in the United States have been suspended because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, orthopaedic surgeons are being recruited to serve patients with COVID-19 in addition to providing orthopaedic acute care. Older individuals are deemed to be at higher risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19. Although previous studies have shown a high proportion of older providers nationwide across medical specialties, we are not aware of any previous study that has analyzed the age distribution among the orthopaedic workforce. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the geographic distribution of U.S. orthopaedic surgeons by age, (2) to compare the distribution with other surgical specialties, and (3) to compare this distribution with the spread of COVID-19. METHODS: Demographic statistics from the most recent State Physician Workforce Data Reports published by the Association of American Medical Colleges were extracted to identify the 2018 statewide proportion of practicing orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years of age as well as age-related demographic data for all surgical specialties. Geospatial data on the distribution of COVID-19 cases were obtained from the Environmental Systems Research Institute. State boundary files were taken from the U.S. Census Bureau. Orthopaedic workforce age data were utilized to group states into quintiles. RESULTS: States with the highest quintile of orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years of age included states most severely affected by COVID-19: New York, New Jersey, California, and Florida. For all states, the median number of providers ≥60 years of age was 105.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 45.5 to 182.5). The median proportion of orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years of age was higher than that of all other surgical subspecialties, apart from thoracic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the present report provides the first age-focused view of the orthopaedic workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. States in the highest quintile of orthopaedic surgeons ≥60 years old are also among the most overwhelmed by COVID-19. As important orthopaedic acute care continues in addition to COVID-19 frontline service, special considerations may be needed for at-risk staff. Appropriate health system measures and workforce-management strategies should protect the subset of those who are most potentially vulnerable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.20.00577 doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00577 id: cord-334280-qs40g1fz author: Jella, Tarun K. title: Geospatial Distribution of Neurosurgeons Age 60 and Above Relative to the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 words: 1737.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334280-qs40g1fz.txt summary: Objective To perform an ecological study in order to analyze the geospatial distribution of neurosurgeons ≥ 60 years old and compare these data with the spread of COVID-19 across the; U.S. Methods Data regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases was collected from the Environmental Systems Research Institute and demographic statistics from the American Association of Medical Colleges 2019State Workforce Reports. Results As of July 5, 2020, the 10 states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases showed older neurosurgical workforce proportions (the proportion of active surgeons aged 60 years or older) ranging from 20.6% to 38.9%. As 80 a result, this study was performed in order to establish first the geographical distribution of 81 neurosurgeons aged 60 years or older and, secondly, to compare this data to the distribution of 82 COVID-19 cases across the country. abstract: Objective To perform an ecological study in order to analyze the geospatial distribution of neurosurgeons ≥ 60 years old and compare these data with the spread of COVID-19 across the; U.S. Methods Data regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases was collected from the Environmental Systems Research Institute and demographic statistics from the American Association of Medical Colleges 2019State Workforce Reports. These figures were analyzed using geospatial mapping software. Results As of July 5, 2020, the 10 states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases showed older neurosurgical workforce proportions (the proportion of active surgeons aged 60 years or older) ranging from 20.6% to 38.9%. Among states with the highest number of COVID-19 deaths, the older workforce proportion ranged from 25.0% to 43.4%. Connecticut demonstrated the highest with 43.4% of neurosurgeons 60 years or older. Conclusions Regional COVID-19 hotspots may coincide with areas where a substantial proportion of the neurosurgical workforce is ≥ 60 years of age. Continuous evaluation and adjustment of local and national clinical practice guidelines are warranted throughout the; pandemic era. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.037 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.037 id: cord-354073-tn76muv6 author: Jen, Tung-Hui title: Geographic risk assessment of COVID-19 transmission using recent data: An observational study date: 2020-06-12 words: 3960.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354073-tn76muv6.txt summary: This study aimed to visualize the epidemic outbreak and the provisional case fatality rate (CFR) using the Rasch model and Bayes''s theorem and developed an algorithm that classifies countries/regions into categories that are then shown on Google Maps. Although a number of factors were involved in publishing the geographic risk stratification, including size (e.g., the number of confirmed cases), geographic distribution, and epidemiology of the outbreak, [8] none of these objectively observed criteria were provided to us for our assessment of the COVID-19 situation for each country/region. No solid geographic risk assessment for COVID-19 transmission has been seen yet on the internet, including on those websites [3, 4, [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] providing simple and widely available information (e.g., the number of confirmed, deaths, and recovered cases based on countries/regions along with death rate, transmission rate, incubation period, as well as discussions on age and demographics) to the public. abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regularly issues “travel health notices” that address disease outbreaks of novel coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 in destinations worldwide. The notices are classified into 3 levels based on the risk posed by the outbreak and what precautions should be in place to prevent spreading. What objectively observed criteria of these COVID-19 situations are required for classification and visualization? This study aimed to visualize the epidemic outbreak and the provisional case fatality rate (CFR) using the Rasch model and Bayes's theorem and developed an algorithm that classifies countries/regions into categories that are then shown on Google Maps. METHODS: We downloaded daily COVID-19 outbreak numbers for countries/regions from the GitHub website, which contains information on confirmed cases in more than 30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. The Rasch model was used to estimate the epidemic outbreak for each country/region using data from recent days. All responses were transformed by using the logarithm function. The Bayes's base CFRs were computed for each region. The geographic risk of transmission of the COVID-19 epidemic was thus determined using both magnitudes (i.e., Rasch scores and CFRs) for each country. RESULTS: The top 7 countries were Iran, South Korea, Italy, Germany, Spain, China (Hubei), and France, with values of {4.53, 3.47, 3.18, 1.65, 1.34 1.13, 1.06} and {13.69%, 0.91%, 47.71%, 0.23%, 24.44%, 3.56%, and 16.22%} for the outbreak magnitudes and CFRs, respectively. The results were consistent with the US CDC travel advisories of warning level 3 in China, Iran, and most European countries and of level 2 in South Korea on March 16, 2020. CONCLUSION: We created an online algorithm that used the CFRs to display the geographic risks to understand COVID-19 transmission. The app was developed to display which countries had higher travel risks and aid with the understanding of the outbreak situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020774 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020774 id: cord-350466-z5yvfo22 author: Jena, Anuraag title: Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 772.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350466-z5yvfo22.txt summary: title: Fecal calprotectin levels in COVID-19: Lessons from a systematic review on its use in inflammatory bowel disease during the pandemic 8 We therefore performed a systematic review to study the elevations of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 and if these elevations were different in patients with or without gastrointestinal symptoms . After removing the duplicates, we screened for the original studies reporting about fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients. These four studies reported about fecal calprotectin levels in 174 patients with COVID-19 ( Table 1) . The elevations of fecal calprotectin were more frequent in those patients who had gastrointestinal symptoms in all the three studies which provided this information (Figure 1 ). Further, as patients of IBD with elevated fecal calprotectin levels could be immunocompromised, it would be better to exclude COVID-19 infection prior to increasing immunosuppression. Also, there are no direct studies of fecal calprotectin in IBD patients infected with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.021 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.021 id: cord-319312-fmfj8bkp author: Jenab, Yaser title: Occurrence of acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular event in COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 1715.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319312-fmfj8bkp.txt summary: Herein, we presented a case of COVID‐19 presented with acute coronary syndrome followed by pulmonary thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident. Given the patient''s age, fever, and suspicion of COVID-19, a decision was made to administer full antiplatelet (ASA 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg stat doses), anticoagulant (unfractionated heparin; 60 unit/kg stat and 12 unit/kg/hour infusion), and antiischemic therapy and obtain a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient was an old woman with multirisk factors suffering from acute coronary syndrome, COVID-19, PTE, and acute CVA. 5 Venous thromboembolism threatens patients with COVID-19 and adds the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. These patients have pulmonary hypertension and RV dysfunction, and small acute PTE may deteriorate the condition. Another theory may be the coincidence of acute coronary syndrome, COVID-19, and PTE, which prompted the patient to refer to our emergency department, albeit with a 4-day delay. Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action abstract: COVID‐19 causes significant hypoxia along with an exacerbated inflammatory milieu, which may be a trigger for atherosclerotic plaque rupture and/or thromboembolic events. Herein, we presented a case of COVID‐19 presented with acute coronary syndrome followed by pulmonary thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837723/ doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3112 id: cord-344295-gwbmsmbv author: Jenei, Kristina title: Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 999.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344295-gwbmsmbv.txt summary: title: Challenges and opportunities for graduate students in public health during the COVID-19 pandemic Moreover, students who have lost work can apply for the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). Graduate students in public health across Canada represent an untapped resource in public health responses to COVID-19. This is an opportune moment to support applied research in real time while building capacity for a strong public health workforce in the future. We urge universities to decrease or suspend tuition fees in the upcoming terms as we are forced to work remotely without the same calibre of academic, mental, and financial supports (Canada Federation for Students 2020). However, it also offers many novel opportunities for public health students to learn and contribute. Virtual mental health supports during COVID-19 Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00349-8 doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00349-8 id: cord-347955-bud745if author: Jenelius, Erik title: Impacts of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in Sweden: Analysis of ticket validations, sales and passenger counts date: 2020-11-30 words: 5031.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347955-bud745if.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347955-bud745if.txt summary: The paper analyses the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in the three most populated regions of Sweden (Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne) during spring 2020. The aim of this paper is to address the identified research gap by analysing the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in the three most populated regions of Sweden (Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne) during spring 2020. Every registered tap-in generates a record containing several attributes that are used in this study, in particular the transport mode (metro, commuter train, tram/LRT or bus) and ticket product (various period cards, single ticket, travel funds, full or discounted rate, etc.). This paper has examined the effects of COVID-19 on public transport ridership in the three largest regions of Sweden based on ticket validation, ticket sales and passenger counting data. abstract: The paper analyses the impacts of COVID-19 on daily public transport ridership in the three most populated regions of Sweden (Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne) during spring 2020. The analysis breaks down the overall ridership with respect to ticket types, youths and seniors, and transport modes based on ticket validations, sales and passenger counts data. By utilizing disaggregate ticket validation data with consistent card ids we further investigate to what extent fewer people travelled, or each person travelled less, during the pandemic. The decrease in public transport ridership (40%–60% across regions) was severe compared with other transport modes. Ridership was not restricted by service levels as supply generally remained unchanged throughout the period. The ridership reduction stems primarily from a lower number of active public transport travellers. Travellers switched from monthly period tickets to single tickets and travel funds, while the use and the sales of short period tickets, used predominantly by tourists, dropped to almost zero. One-year period tickets and school tickets increased from mid-April, which could indicate that the travellers using these tickets are particularly captive to the public transport system. Collaborative effort is required to put the results in the international context. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220301536 doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100242 id: cord-317062-nn0u82dp author: Jenkins, Aaron title: Nested ecology and emergence in pandemics date: 2020-08-12 words: 738.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317062-nn0u82dp.txt summary: The global extent of COVID-19 and our ability to respond to and prevent future pandemics will benefit from a complex systems perspective. Vulnerable populations and places-eg, with elevated levels of poverty, high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, or degraded natural systems-are at high risk of having poor health outcomes and being epicentres for the emergence of pathogens with pandemic potential. A myriad of human and ecosystem health co-benefits could be realised by approaching pandemic preparedness and public health using nested systems approaches that recognise how subsystems ranging from genes, to individual behaviours, and the environment (inclusive of health care and surveillance systems) work together to regulate health. The COVID-19 pandemic might change policy on preparedness for future zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks-eg, enforcing constraints on the wildlife trade, being more circumspect about the interactions between domestic animals and wildlife, and regulating wildlife markets more carefully. COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2542519620301650 doi: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30165-0 id: cord-286418-9ho5fg3h author: Jenkins, Ian title: Lessons from Walking the Medical Distancing Tightrope date: 2020-05-28 words: 2625.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286418-9ho5fg3h.txt summary: Like many academic programs before the pandemic, UCSD''s Division of Hospital Medicine emphasized interdisciplinary bedside rounding, focusing on clinical care, quality, patient experience, and teaching. SARS-CoV2, capable of spreading from presymptomatic and asymptomatic persons, 3 threatened to injure or kill high-risk hospitalized patients (i.e. elderly, or with comorbid illnesses) as well as healthcare workers (HCW), making them patients instead of caregivers during our projected surge. 8 For example, on April 9, UCSD Health had a total census of 471 patients (56% occupancy) of which only 4.2% had COVID, with 10 patients on the hospital medicine service, 8 on ventilators (5.2% of capacity), and only 3 total deaths to date. AAMC guidelines advise that medical students not be involved in patient care unless COVID risks are low and protective equipment and testing are available. 12 As we contemplate the future of hospital care and training, we continue to monitor our distancing efforts for signs of adverse effects on safety, efficiency, and experience. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620508/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.05.006 id: cord-324857-ll3xmk3i author: Jenkins, Louis S. title: The evolving role of family physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis: An appreciative reflection date: 2020-06-09 words: 1586.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324857-ll3xmk3i.txt summary: Ten family physicians and family medicine registrars in a South African semi-rural training complex reflected on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis during their quarterly training complex meeting. Ten family physicians and family medicine registrars in a South African semi-rural training complex reflected on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis during their quarterly training complex meeting. The importance of preventative and promotive care in a community-oriented approach, being a capacity builder and leading the health team as a consultant have assumed new meanings. The importance of preventative and promotive care in a community-oriented approach, being a capacity builder and leading the health team as a consultant have assumed new meanings. The roles of the family physician in South Africa and the contribution to district health services have been well described. Figure 2 (left side) presents the ''traditional'' model of how a family physician might exercise his or her roles during the COVID-19 crisis. abstract: Ten family physicians and family medicine registrars in a South African semi-rural training complex reflected on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis during their quarterly training complex meeting. The crisis has become the disruptor that is placing pressure on the traditional roles of the family physician. The importance of preventative and promotive care in a community-oriented approach, being a capacity builder and leading the health team as a consultant have assumed new meanings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32634002/ doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2478 id: cord-256091-mrc9p1vw author: Jenkins, Wiley D. title: COVID‐19 During the Opioid Epidemic – Exacerbation of Stigma and Vulnerabilities date: 2020-04-11 words: 1408.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256091-mrc9p1vw.txt summary: 2 The inequalities described above are particularly pronounced for rural persons who use drugs (PWUD), who face multiple barriers to seeking and obtaining health care, including both stigma (which negatively impacts their ability to self-function and seek care) and drug-use-associated illness and injury. PWUD may be at increased risk for contracting and spreading COVID-19 since drug procurement and use practices usually require social contact. PWUD may avoid seeking medical care if COVID-19 symptoms present due to stigma associated with drug use and lack of trust in health care providers. Even before the pandemic, rural PWUD were less likely to seek medical care (eg, urgent care, paramedics) and actively avoid others (eg, police) who are now especially prominent in the COVID-19 response. [19] [20] Thus, PWUD may encounter negative police interactions, ticketing, and arrests due to shelter-in-place enforcement measures, particularly if they venture out to procure drugs, harm reduction supplies, or access substance use-related services, or if they are homeless. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277731/ doi: 10.1111/jrh.12442 id: cord-346842-ip4i3bdk author: Jeon, JuYeun title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials for Medical Products in Korea date: 2020-09-07 words: 4168.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346842-ip4i3bdk.txt summary: METHODS: The impact on subject''s scheduled visits and major milestones of clinical trials in Korea were measured by conducting a survey among clinical project manager (CPMs) working at global clinical research organization. New approaches were necessary in clinical trials to eliminate the risk of infection by complying with the guideline and enable subjects to continue to participate in trials if no better alternative treatment options were available, for protecting the subjects'' safety and well-being. The study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and the KCDC disease control guideline on the conduct of clinical research in Korea, on subjects, investigators, monitor, pharmaceutical companies, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and regulatory authorities (RAs), in order to suggest recommendations for conducting clinical trials during the pandemic. The survey was distributed to total 140 clinical project manager (CPMs) who were working at global clinical research organization and responsible for trials performed in Korea, according to method of simple random sampling from February 24, 2020 to March 7, 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of clinical trials conducted in Korea continues to increase and an increasing proportion focus on severe and rare incurable diseases. After the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) developed guidelines to prevent the spread of infection. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 and the KCDC guideline on the conduct of clinical research in Korea. The purpose was to develop recommendations on how to minimize the risk of infection while enabling subjects to take part in the trials if no better alternative treatment options were available. METHODS: The impact on subject's scheduled visits and major milestones of clinical trials in Korea were measured by conducting a survey among clinical project manager (CPMs) working at global clinical research organization. The policy on monitor's access to hospital and site initiation meetings was investigated through correspondence with clinical trial center of 39 hospitals. The Top 25 pharmaceutical companies' official press and public clinical trial registry database were used to analyze companies' trial strategy during the pandemic and COVID-19 clinical research status, respectively. RESULTS: Of 85 CPMs, 12% reported that trial subjects' scheduled visits had been affected in their project. Monitors' access to hospital for source data verification was restricted at all sites in February 2020. Accordingly, 43% of 105 CPMs reported that the COVID-19 epidemic had an effect on study major milestones and data cleaning and database lock accounted for > 60% of milestones affected. In addition, 87% sites advised not to have site initiation meetings and 52% pharmaceutical companies suspended recruitment or new study start-up due to the pandemic. On the other hands, the number of COVID-19 related clinical trials increased rapidly in Korea and worldwide, with investigator-initiated trials accounting for 47% and 63% of all trials locally and globally, respectively. Most trials were phase 2 and were in the recruitment stage. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 and the KCDC guideline influenced all parties involved in clinical trials in Korea. In order to ensure the safety and well-being of trial subjects during the pandemic, new approaches are required for clinical trials to respond to the impact actively. Method of non-contact is developed to replace and supplement the face-to-face contact and alternatives to reduce the travel is introduced to decrease the risk of infection for all trial participants in whole trial process. The relevant regulations should be developed and the guidelines for foreign countries need to be adopted in accordance with the situation in Korea. COVID-19 trial is rapidly increasing worldwide and continuous support of health authorities, regulation, and facilities is required for developing the treatments with protecting all trial participants. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e329 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e329 id: cord-346008-6v2gdz4a author: Jeong, Areum title: Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea date: 2020-06-02 words: 1152.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346008-6v2gdz4a.txt summary: title: Changes in the Clinical Practice of Ophthalmology during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: an Experience from Daegu, Korea Due to close contact during examination, frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge, and the inevitable sharing of equipment, ophthalmologists and patients are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in clinics, we follow steps based on three levels of control measures: administrative control, environmental control, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If any of the aforementioned conditions are met, the patient is masked, isolated, and instructed to visit the COVID-19 screening center for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Patients who have fever but negative test results postpone the appointment or attend the clinic. To reduce the exposure time, all patients should wear a mask in the waiting room. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537958/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.226 id: cord-276493-hoaxv5e0 author: Jeong, Gi Uk title: Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19 and Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: A Review date: 2020-07-14 words: 5687.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276493-hoaxv5e0.txt summary: With increasing structural data of key proteins in both SARS-CoV-2 and the host, such as the spike glycoprotein (S), the main protease (M pro ), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), the structure-based design of new drugs has emerged as the most promising antiviral strategy. Several structure-based drug discovery studies have investigated the interaction of inhibitors in the substrate-binding pockets of SARS-CoV-2 M pro ( Figure 3C ) (Dai et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020b) . Because most inhibitors occupy the substrate binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 FIGURE 4 | CryoEM structure of RdRp in complex with cofactors (nsp7 and nsp8), RNA template, and remdesivir. In addition, we provided structural insights into the mechanism of action of well-characterized drugs targeting the interaction between hACE2 and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for viral entry, as well as M pro and RdRp for viral replication. abstract: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, or 2019-nCoV, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019, is a grave threat to public health worldwide. A total of 3,672,238 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 254,045 deaths were reported globally up to May 7, 2020. However, approved antiviral agents for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 remain unavailable. Drug repurposing of approved antivirals against other viruses such as HIV or Ebola virus is one of the most practical strategies to develop effective antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. A combination of repurposed drugs can improve the efficacy of treatment, and structure-based drug design can be employed to specifically target SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses therapeutic strategies using promising antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, structural characterization of potentially therapeutic viral or host cellular targets associated with COVID-19 have been discussed to refine structure-based drug design strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01723 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01723 id: cord-333943-9d93na7s author: Jeong, Han Eol title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study date: 2020-07-27 words: 3387.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333943-9d93na7s.txt summary: title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 and worsen associated outcomes by upregulating the enzyme that SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. [1, 2] Concerns exist that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 by upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressions, [3, 4] the enzyme which SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. This cohort study therefore aimed to examine the association between NSAIDs use, compared to non-use, and worsened clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t page | 5 COVID-19 using South Korea''s nationwide healthcare database containing all COVID-19 patients. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study conducted using all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to assess the association between NSAID use and COVID-19 related outcomes. abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 and worsen associated outcomes by upregulating the enzyme that SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. To our knowledge, no study has examined the association between NSAID use and the risk of COVID-19-related outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study using South Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, which contains data of all subjects who received a test for COVID-19 (n=69,793) as of April 8, 2020. We identified adults hospitalized with COVID-19, where cohort entry was the date of hospitalization. NSAIDs users were those prescribed NSAIDs in the 7 days before and including cohort entry and non-users were those not prescribed NSAIDs during this period. Our primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, and sepsis; our secondary outcomes were cardiovascular complications and acute renal failure. We conducted logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using inverse probability of treatment weighting to minimize confounding. RESULTS: Of 1,824 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (mean age 49.0 years; female 59%), 354 were NSAIDs users and 1,470 were non-users. Compared with non-use, NSAIDs use was associated with increased risks of the primary composite outcome (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.11]) but insignificantly associated with cardiovascular complications (1.54 [0.96-2.48]) or acute renal failure (1.45 [0.49-4.14]). CONCLUSION: While awaiting the results of confirmatory studies, we suggest NSAIDs be used with caution among patients with COVID-19 as the harms associated with their use may outweigh their benefits in this population. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1056 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1056 id: cord-033401-0o1g1924 author: Jerry II, Robert H title: COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date: 2020-09-12 words: 6591.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt summary: 62 Effective April 17, 2020, Wisconsin grants immunity to health care providers -for the death of or injury to any individual or any damages caused by actions or omissions‖ that were provided during the COVID-19 state of emergency or up to 60 days after its termination if such acts or omissions are rendered pursuant to the -direction, guidance, recommendation, or other statement made by a federal, state, or local official to address or in response to the emergency or disaster.‖ Wis. Stat. Cuomo of New York, which, among other things, extended immunity to physicians and other health care providers from -civil liability for any injury or death alleged to have been sustained directly as a result of an act or omission by such medical professional in the course of providing medical services in support of the State''s response to the COVID-19 outbreak‖ unless it was abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is the first modern public health crisis with the potential to overwhelm the public health care system. When rationing of services, drugs, and equipment must occur, health care providers have a responsibility to make rationing decisions fairly, both procedurally and substantively. In addition, health care providers, like all professionals, are accountable for their decisions. The legal standard of care requires providers to exercise the skill and knowledge normally possessed by providers in good standing in the same field or class of practice acting in the same or similar circumstances. But making rationing decisions in crisis conditions, like those created by COVID-19, is not the same as or similar to decision making in non-crisis conditions. Thus, the standard of care, properly applied, expects less of providers practicing under the stress of COVID-19’s triage conditions. Because many health care providers do not perceive this is true, and for pragmatic and normative reasons, policymakers should articulate rules limiting providers’ liability for rationing decisions—as well as other acts and omissions—occurring in and attendant to crisis conditions. These rules should not, however, create absolute immunities. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, more states are embracing this approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543496/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa076 id: cord-283927-683mzwga author: Jette, Alan M title: Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 words: 1126.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283927-683mzwga.txt summary: In a second Point of View article, Dr Vanessa Alpalhão and Dr Miguel Alpalhão 4 discuss some of the adaptations being made in physical therapist practice in Portugal in an effort to respond to the COVID-19 crisis and the needs of their patients. They emphasize the importance of providing patient and family education; coordinating community resources; including referring to other health care team members and community-based rehabilitation service options; and discuss current challenges for optimizing outcomes for people with PICS, including future directions for research and practice. The last area of essential need noted by the authors is the ability to respond to a second crisis looming-that is, to provide rehabilitation care for the projected surge of patients who have recovered from the acute effects of COVID-19. The essential role of home-and community-based physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa094 doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa094 id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author: Jewell, Jennifer S title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date: 2020-10-23 words: 4609.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt summary: The current pandemic is likely to be associated with similar mental health outcomes, as a result of potential exposure to stressors including loss of loved ones, economic hardship, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities following school and day care closures. Across numerous studies, social isolation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with an increase in coronary heart disease, stroke, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The current study examines demographic differences in mental health and well-being outcomes and specific sources of concern that impact these outcomes among a US sample of 1083 adults surveyed between April 7 and June 1, 2020, immediately following business closures and movement restrictions. Based on a review of the limited literature specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rajkumar [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous worldwide effects. In the United States, there have been 8.3 million cases and nearly 222,000 deaths as of October 21, 2020. Based on previous studies of mental health during outbreaks, the mental health of the population will be negatively affected in the aftermath of this pandemic. The long-term nature of this pandemic may lead to unforeseen mental health outcomes and/or unexpected relationships between demographic factors and mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research focused on assessing the mental health status of adults in the United States during the early weeks of an unfolding pandemic. METHODS: Data was collected from English-speaking adults from early April to early June 2020 using an online survey. The final convenience sample included 1083 US residents. The 71-item survey consisted of demographic questions, mental health and well-being measures, a coping mechanisms checklist, and questions about COVID-19–specific concerns. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations among demographic variables and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine associations among demographic variables, COVID-19–specific concerns, and mental health and well-being outcomes. RESULTS: Approximately 50% (536/1076) of the US sample was aged ≥45 years. Most of the sample was White (1013/1054, 96%), non-Hispanic (985/1058, 93%), and female (884/1073, 82%). Participants reported high rates of depression (295/1034, 29%), anxiety (342/1007, 34%), and stress (773/1058, 73%). Older individuals were less likely to report depressive symptomology (OR 0.78, P<.001) and anxiety symptomology (OR 0.72, P<.001); in addition, they had lower stress scores (–0.15 points, SE 0.01, P<.001) and increased well-being scores (1.86 points, SE 0.22, P<.001). Individuals who were no longer working due to COVID-19 were 2.25 times more likely to report symptoms of depression (P=.02), had a 0.51-point increase in stress (SE 0.17, P=.02), and a 3.9-point decrease in well-being scores (SE 1.49, P=.009) compared to individuals who were working remotely before and after COVID-19. Individuals who had partial or no insurance coverage were 2-3 times more likely to report depressive symptomology compared to individuals with full coverage (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively). Individuals who were on Medicare/Medicaid and individuals with no coverage were 1.97 and 4.48 times more likely to report moderate or severe anxiety, respectively (P=.03 and P=.01, respectively). Financial and food access concerns were significantly and positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress (all P<.05), and significantly negatively related to well-being (both P<.001). Economy, illness, and death concerns were significantly positively related to overall stress scores (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many US residents are experiencing high stress, depressive, and anxiety symptomatology, especially those who are underinsured, uninsured, or unemployed. Longitudinal investigation of these variables is recommended. Health practitioners may provide opportunities to allay concerns or offer coping techniques to individuals in need of mental health care. These messages should be shared in person and through practice websites and social media. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006939/ doi: 10.2196/22043 id: cord-342776-hkjhqgie author: Jewett, Anahid title: The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions date: 2020-07-10 words: 3612.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342776-hkjhqgie.txt summary: While studies on SARS-CoV-2 effects on immune cell function continue to progress, we know very little about the significance of depletion of key immune effectors by the virus in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. It also underscores the necessity for the future comprehensive studies of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and animal models to better understand the role and significance of reported NK cell depletion and functional inactivation in disease morbidity and mortality, in hope to design effective therapeutic interventions for the disease. In particular, in the peripheral blood of patients that were infected with SARS, it was noted that there were significantly lower numbers of natural killer (NK) cells compared to healthy subjects (14) . As mentioned above the infectious agent of COVID-19 disease depletes NK cells in the peripheral blood, and potentially even in the lung tissues of patients, thereby, disabling and depleting the core immune effectors necessary to remove the virus and regulate uncontrolled immune activation. abstract: Coronavirus-induced disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While studies on SARS-CoV-2 effects on immune cell function continue to progress, we know very little about the significance of depletion of key immune effectors by the virus in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. This commentary outlines what is the reported literature thus far on the effect of virus on NK cells known to kill virally infected cells. It also underscores the necessity for the future comprehensive studies of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and animal models to better understand the role and significance of reported NK cell depletion and functional inactivation in disease morbidity and mortality, in hope to design effective therapeutic interventions for the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01692 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01692 id: cord-026811-6bdzut3d author: Jha, Ashish K. title: Emerging Treatment and Prevention Strategies against COVID-19: A Brief Update date: 2020-05-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at significantly increased risk for mortality and morbidity. Current management remains supportive care, ranging from symptomatic outpatient management to full–intensive care support, including intravenous fluids, invasive, and non-invasive oxygen supplementation. In patients with septic shock, treatment with antibiotics and vasopressors are recommended to keep mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mm Hg and lactate < 2 mmol/L. Because of the lack of effectiveness and possible adverse effects, routine corticosteroids should be avoided unless they are indicated for another reason (exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and septic shock in whom fluids and vasopressors do not restore hemodynamic stability). There is currently no sufficient evidence of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, remdesivir, and other antivirals in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Limited evidence shows that COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be used as a treatment of COVID-19 without the occurrence of severe adverse events. Drug regulatory agencies granted an emergency-use authorization of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir to treat patients when a clinical trial is not available or participation is not feasible. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with QT interval prolongation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Guidelines are issued for use of convalescent plasma in patients with serious or immediately life-threatening COVID-19. Data from several ongoing randomized controlled trials will provide further evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295303/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712547 id: cord-317561-ewo6vvlr author: Jha, Sujeet title: HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers date: 2020-11-10 words: 1534.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt summary: METHODS: This was a prospective, cross sectional and observational study conducted on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ours is a first study in the middle of the pandemic which showed that HCQ prophylaxis in young HCWs without comorbidities did not show any QTc prolongation. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) The Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), National Task Force for COVID 19 issued recommendations for HCQ to be used as a prophylaxis for the asymptomatic exposed Healthcare Workers (HCW) in late March 2020. We decided to follow up a subset of the study population to see the effects of cumulative doses of HCQ on those HCWs who continued to take it. Ours is a first study in the middle of the pandemic which showed that HCQ prophylaxis in young HCWs without comorbidities did not show any QTc prolongation. abstract: BACKGROUND: HCQ is a commonly recommended drug for the prophylaxis of COVID-19. One of its rare side-effect includes QTc prolongation. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross sectional and observational study conducted on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) among Healthcare Workers (HCWs) at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India. A 3-lead ECG (only limb leads, it does not require chest leads) was performed. The QTc cut offs were pre decided, QTC < 470ms for males and < 480ms for females was considered within the normal limits and anything above this was regarded as QTc prolongation. RESULTS: There were 274 HCWs enrolled into the study, including 175 males and 99 females. Majority of the HCWs were young and had a mean age of 32.19±9.29 years. Out of these, 218 were taking HCQ as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. The median cumulative dose being taken was 1600mg and the median QTc of these participants was 390ms in males and 391.5ms in females. Subsequently, 33 participants were followed-up and found to have a median QTc of 389ms and a cumulative dose of HCQ as 2000mg. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ours is a first study in the middle of the pandemic which showed that HCQ prophylaxis in young HCWs without comorbidities did not show any QTc prolongation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483220302716?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.005 id: cord-307880-atrihlc2 author: Jhaveri, Kinnari title: “Soup cans, brooms, and Zoom:” Rapid conversion of a cancer survivorship program to telehealth during COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 1234.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307880-atrihlc2.txt summary: The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Psycho-Oncology service sought to meet these needs by rapidly transferring the Survivorship Wellness Group Program (SWGP) 6 , an evidence-based health behavior change program, to telehealth and adding COVID-19 relevant content. The increase in attendance also coincided with patient reports regarding a greater need for behavioral health and social support services in the context of COVID-19. In a rapid response to the needs of cancer survivors during COVID-19, the SWGP transitioned to telehealth and adapted content, increased accessibility and expanded the reach of the program while maintaining the quality of the intervention and its foundation in evidenced-This article is protected by copyright. As demonstrated by the rapid adaptation of the Survivorship Wellness program, cancer centers are uniquely positioned to offer interdisciplinary services to survivors at this critical transition in their care, made more critical in the context of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5473 doi: 10.1002/pon.5473 id: cord-276325-l26sdtxf author: Jheon, Sanghoon title: General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 4630.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276325-l26sdtxf.txt summary: Hong Kong has largely avoided a massive surge in the incidence of COVID-19 cases despite the large numbers of people that normally travel daily between it and mainland China where the virus outbreak was first reported. On January 8, before a single case had even been confirmed in Hong Kong, the new "severe respiratory disease associated with a novel infectious agent" was listed as a notifiable disease, and all visiting at public hospitals was restricted. The net result of these parallel approaches was that care for suspected cases of COVID-19 was concentrated in public hospitals, whereas private hospitals could continue a degree of normal service, including elective surgery. At the time of writing, the only uncertainty in the near future is whether a recent uptick in the number of COVID-19 cases due to Hong Kong citizens returning from abroad and a mini-outbreak from those going to bars and clubs may evolve into a full-blown second or third wave of infections. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 posed an historic challenge to healthcare systems around the world. Besides mounting a massive response to the viral outbreak, healthcare systems needed to consider provision of clinical services to other patients in need. Surgical services for patients with thoracic disease were maintained to different degrees across various regions of Asia, ranging from significant reductions to near-normal service. Key determinants of robust thoracic surgery service provision included: preexisting plans for an epidemic response, aggressive early action to “flatten the curve”, ability to dedicate resources separately to COVID-19 and routine clinical services, prioritization of thoracic surgery, and the volume of COVID-19 cases in that region. The lessons learned can apply to other regions during this pandemic, and to the world, in preparation for the next one. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396384/ doi: 10.1177/0218492320926886 id: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author: Ji, Ping title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 words: 7698.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt summary: Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with elevated TNF-α levels in the critical stages of severe COVID-19 is ongoing in Shanghai, China, with the main outcome of time to clinical improvement. A Phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of infliximab was initiated to evaluate whether early institution of TNF-α inhibitor therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infections could prevent further clinical deterioration and reduce the need for advanced cardiorespiratory support and early mortality at a 5 mg/kg IV single dose. extrinsic factors ( Route of administration: As described before, the immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 mostly are directed towards patients with moderate and severe stages of the disease. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 has led to more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. Patients with severe disease often experience acute respiratory distress characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines. Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. In this review, we summarize the clinical pharmacology considerations in the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins for mitigating the heightened inflammatory response identified in COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1729 doi: 10.1002/jcph.1729 id: cord-012916-1op8m0pk author: Jia, Fei title: Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-09-03 words: 1303.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012916-1op8m0pk.txt summary: title: Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China RESULTS: With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. Taking the recovery period of COVID-19 in China, for example, we collected WeChat Index data and analyzed the public''s concern about the course of COVID-19 and the restoration of emotional tendency through keywords search. With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. With the gradual control of COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status generally changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the outbreak, billions of people were eager to get information about COVID-19 through social media. Social media can not only deliver reliable information to the public but can in turn reflect changes in the public’s psychological status. Insight into the public’s hotspots of concern and mental status through media background tools contributes to the formulation of public health policies and the clarification of epidemic development mode. METHODS: WeChat is the largest social media in China. Taking the recovery period of COVID-19 in China, for example, we collected WeChat Index data and analyzed the public’s concern about the course of COVID-19 and the restoration of emotional tendency through keywords search. RESULTS: With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. Every obvious inflection point of improvement in social operation is reflected in the increase of public attention and the relaxation of lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: Social media can be used to monitor the public psychological status and the development mode and trend of infection in one country during a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499652/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa152 id: cord-267030-khzivbzy author: Jia, Peng title: Understanding the Epidemic Course in Order to Improve Epidemic Forecasting date: 2020-10-01 words: 1924.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267030-khzivbzy.txt summary: Spatial lifecourse epidemiology provides a new perspective to understand the course of epidemics, especially pandemics, and a new toolkit to predict the course of future epidemics on the basis of big data. The advanced spatial and digital technologies provide a new perspective to understand the transmission patterns of epidemics, especially pandemics, and a new toolkit to predict the progression of future epidemics on the basis of big data. Transparent, anonymous reporting of travel and contact history of a relatively large number of COVID-19 cases has been realized in China for the first time in the history of pandemics, thus opening a new avenue in the era of big data for more advanced, transdisciplinary approaches to refine results from mathematical prediction models and achieve a data-driven epidemic course of the COVID-19 in China (Kummitha, 2020) . abstract: The epidemic course of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been differently divided according to its transmission pattern and the infection and mortality status. Unfortunately, such efforts for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been lacking. Does every epidemic have a unique epidemic course? Can we coordinate two arbitrary courses into an integrated course, which could better reflect a common real‐world progression pattern of the epidemics? To what degree can such arbitrary divisions help predict future trends of the COVID‐19 pandemic and future epidemics? Spatial lifecourse epidemiology provides a new perspective to understand the course of epidemics, especially pandemics, and a new toolkit to predict the course of future epidemics on the basis of big data. In the present data‐driven era, data should be integrated to inform us how the epidemic is transmitting at the present moment, how it will transmit at the next moment, and which interventions would be most cost‐effective to curb the epidemic. Both national and international legislations are needed to facilitate the integration of relevant policies of data sharing and confidentiality protection into the current pandemic preparedness guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gh000303 doi: 10.1029/2020gh000303 id: cord-356235-py38bel4 author: Jia, Xingwang title: Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-03 words: 1433.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356235-py38bel4.txt summary: The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. Total 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 doi: medRxiv preprint patients with COVID-19 nucleic acid negative results, the IgM fluorescence intensity (Flu) of 20 patients was more than 0.88, the positive rate was 60.61%. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 doi: medRxiv preprint detection for 24 patients with COVID-19 negative nucleic acid test was 87.50%. In our study, the positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid in the 57 All rights reserved. As shown in Figure 7B , the nucleic acid detection result of Patient ID 19 was positive, but the IgM and IgG were negative results, according to the CT results, All rights reserved. B: Patient ID 19, the nucleic acid detection result was positive, but the IgM and IgG results were negative, no obvious lesion was found in both lungs. abstract: Quick, simple and accurate diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 is very important for the screening and therapy of patients. Although several methods were performed in clinical practice, however, the IgM and IgG diagnostic value evaluation was little performed. 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study. 24 patients with positive and 33 patients with negative nucleic acid test. The positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid was 42.10%. The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. The results were significantly higher than the nucleic acid or IgM, IgG single detection. hsCRP in the COVID-19 nucleic acid negative group showed significantly higher than the positive groups (P=0.0298). AST in the COVID-19 IgM negative group showed significantly lower than the positive groups (P=0.0365). We suggest a quick, simple, accurate aided detection method for the suspected patients and on-site screening in close contact with the population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029025 id: cord-292501-2jv7xkfn author: Jiang, Saiping title: Liver Injury in Critically Ill and Non-critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-06-23 words: 4406.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292501-2jv7xkfn.txt summary: Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. In the non-critically ill group, the univariate logistic analyses showed that the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol and the number of concomitant medications were significantly associated with liver injury ( Table 4) . Drug factors, including the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol and the number of concomitant medications were independent risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients with COVID-19, which may be due to drug interactions at the metabolic level. abstract: Background: Liver injury commonly occurs in patients with COVID-19. There is limited data describing the course of liver injury occurrence in patients with different disease severity, and the causes and risk factors are unknown. We aim to investigate the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in three hospitals (Zhejiang, China). From January 19, 2020 to February 20, 2020, patients confirmed with COVID-19 (≥18 years) and without liver injury were enrolled and divided into non-critically ill and critically ill groups. The incidence and characteristics of liver injury were compared between the two groups. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and treatment outcomes between patients with or without liver injury were compared within each group. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors for liver injury. Results: The mean age of 131 enrolled patients was 51.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 16.1 years), and 70 (53.4%) patients were male. A total of 76 patients developed liver injury (mild, 40.5%; moderate, 15.3%; severe, 2.3%) with a median occurrence time of 10.0 days. Critically ill patients had higher and earlier occurrence (81.5 vs. 51.9%, 12.0 vs. 5.0 days; p < 0.001), greater injury severity (p < 0.001), and slower recovery (50.0 vs. 61.1%) of liver function than non-critically ill patients. Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44–9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. The metabolism of arbidol can be significantly inhibited by lopinavir/ritonavir in vitro (p < 0.005), which may be the underlying cause of drug-related liver injury. Liver injury was related to increased length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3–5.2) and viral shedding duration (MD: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0–4.9). Conclusions: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffered earlier occurrence, greater injury severity, and slower recovery from liver injury than non-critically ill patients. Drug factors were related to liver injury in non-critically ill patients. Liver injury was related to prolonged hospital stay and viral shedding duration in patients with COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ChiCTR2000030593. Registered March 8, 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656222/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00347 id: cord-264578-hwq1k866 author: Jiang, Ying title: The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-15 words: 2676.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264578-hwq1k866.txt summary: title: The association between COVID-19 deaths and short-term ambient air pollution/meteorological condition exposure: a retrospective study from Wuhan, China We collected the daily COVID-19 death number, air quality index (AQI), ambient air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological variables data of Wuhan between Jan 25 and April 7, 2020. Previous multi-city studies in Europe showed that ambient air pollution has larger association with respiratory causes of death than other diseases (Atkinson et al. In the current study, the authors aim to explore the potential association between COVID-19 deaths and air pollutants as well as meteorological variables. (2020a) further concluded that PM 10 could increase the case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with mild to severe disease Fig. 1 The association between daily air quality index (AQI) and death number of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. Future studies should explore the association between ambient air pollutants/meteorological variables with COVID-19 death cases with detailed clinical data from multiple regions. abstract: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic after its first outbreak in Wuhan, China. However, it remains unclear whether COVID-19 death is linked to ambient air pollutants or meteorological conditions. We collected the daily COVID-19 death number, air quality index (AQI), ambient air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological variables data of Wuhan between Jan 25 and April 7, 2020. The Pearson and Poisson regression models were used accordingly to understand the association between COVID-19 deaths and each risk factor. The daily COVID-19 deaths were positively correlated with AQI (slope = 0.4 ± 0.09, R(2) = 0.24, p < 0.01). Detailedly, PM(2.5) was the only pollutant exhibiting a positive association (relative risk (RR) = 1.079, 95%CI 1.071–1.086, p < 0.01) with COVID-19 deaths. The PM(10), SO(2), and CO were all also significantly associated with COVID-19 deaths, but in negative pattern (p < 0.01). Among them, PM(10) and CO had the highest and lowest RR, which equaled to 0.952 (95%CI 0.945–0.959) and 0.177 (95%CI 0.131–0.24), respectively. Additionally, temperature was inversely associated with COVID-19 deaths (RR = 0.861, 95%CI 0.851–0.872, p < 0.01). Contrarily, diurnal temperature range was positively associated with COVID-19 deaths (RR = 1.014, 95%CI 1.003–1.025, p < 0.05). The data suggested that PM(2.5) and diurnal temperature range are tightly associated with increased COVID-19 deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00906-7 doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00906-7 id: cord-324075-8r7v0g29 author: Jiang, Yuanyuan title: COVID‐19 affected patients'' utilization of dental care service date: 2020-08-04 words: 749.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324075-8r7v0g29.txt summary: According to the guidelines of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA), dental clinics in China suspended the routine dental services and only provided emergency dental care between January and April 2020 (CSA, 2020). The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on patients'' utilization of dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Table 2 showed patients'' psychological state, behaviour, and awareness of COVID-19 and their evaluations on the current dental service. But most respondents in the study still showed worries about the potential risk of COVID-19 during their dental visits. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected patients'' dental care-seeking psychology and behaviour. Factors associated with patients'' psychology of COVID-19 Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China Health services provision of 48 public tertiary dental hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by symptoms of fever and pneumonia, was reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 (Phelan, Katz, & Gostin, 2020). Given the likely transmission of COVID-19 via droplets and aerosols during dental clinical procedures, dental practitioners are at a high risk of COVID-19 infections (Ather, Patel, Ruparel, Diogenes, & Hargreaves, 2020). According to the guidelines of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA), dental clinics in China suspended the routine dental services and only provided emergency dental care between January and April 2020 (CSA, 2020). The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on patients' utilization of dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13568 doi: 10.1111/odi.13568 id: cord-346459-tkt5ldyo author: Jie, Li Shao title: Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia after admission outside Wuhan, China date: 2020-11-06 words: 2472.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346459-tkt5ldyo.txt summary: The patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province were studied, and those whose conditions changed after admission were compared. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent changes after admission at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province to investigate the risk factors for the changes in the condition of patients and construct a risk prediction model to Editor: Gunjan Arora. We retrospectively collected the medical data of 109 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Xiangtan city and Shaoyang city from January 2020 to March 2020, including their general condition, epidemiological history, signs and symptoms, laboratory examination and imaging findings, treatment and prognosis. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of 109 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province (Xiangtan city and Shaoyang city) and analyzed the cases with changes in condition after admission. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, causing significant stress on the medical system. We explored the risk factors for condition changes in COVID-19 pneumonia patients after admission. The patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia at 2 medical centers in Hunan Province were studied, and those whose conditions changed after admission were compared. Their clinical characteristics and experimental indicators were compared using SPSS software and R language to build a disease risk prediction model. Patients with condition changes after admission were older and had more blood cell abnormalities and impaired organ function (decreased albumin, elevated D-dimer) than normal patients. We found that age, neutrophil ratio, D-dimer, chest Computed tomograpgy (CT) changes, and glucocorticoid use were risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia after admission. Elderly patients are more susceptible to disease changes after COVID-19 pneumonia; COVID-19 pneumonia patients who develop disease changes after admission have higher neutrophil ratios, increased D-dimer levels, chest imaging changes, and glucocorticoid usage. Additional research is needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022980 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022980 id: cord-285030-ecsa83kf author: Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan title: Reply to “COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue”: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-10 words: 132.0 sentences: 18.0 pages: flesch: 76.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285030-ecsa83kf.txt summary: key: cord-285030-ecsa83kf authors: Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan; Ortega-Quijano, Daniel; Prieto-Barrios, Marta; Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M.; Fernandez-Nieto, Diego title: Reply to "COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue": Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Am Acad Dermatol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.016 sha: doc_id: 285030 cord_uid: ecsa83kf nan Dermatologists have a unique opportunity to study COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations during this pandemic, and illustrative images are the first step for other colleagues to start looking for them. A golden principle of medicine becomes now more important: "the more you see, the more you know; and the more you know is the more you see". COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283233/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.016 id: cord-332496-xxz6qd3i author: Jiménez, Óliver title: Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation date: 2020-09-11 words: 3914.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332496-xxz6qd3i.txt summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifestyles and circumstances of adults residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was done using an anonymous online survey in which 412 participants filled out the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-2; the Impact of Events Scale; and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, reporting severe symptomatology of posttraumatic stress and mild anxiety and depression. In spite of these limitations, the results of this study provide important information on the psychological and social impact of the first three weeks of a COVID-19 quarantine period, including that self-compassion might be an important protective factor, and may be used as a reference in future epidemics or outbreaks of the virus that provoke similar short or long-term situations to generate hypotheses for improvement of prevention and intervention. abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifestyles and circumstances of adults residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was done using an anonymous online survey in which 412 participants filled out the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-2; the Impact of Events Scale; and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, reporting severe symptomatology of posttraumatic stress and mild anxiety and depression. Quality of cohabitation and age were found to be key variables in the psychological impact of confinement. The impact of confinement was more negative for those who reported very poor cohabitation as opposed to very good (F (3, 405) = 30.75, p ≤ 0.001, d = 2.44, r = 0.054) or for those under 35 years of age compared to those over 46 (F (2, 409) = 5.14, p = 0.006, d = 0.36). Practicing meditation was not revealed as a protective factor, but self-compassion was related to better cohabitation during confinement (F (3, 403) = 11.83, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.05). These results could be relevant in designing psychological interventions to improve coping and mental health in other situations similar to confinement. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186642 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186642 id: cord-263494-u4tca4es author: Jiménez-Rodríguez, Diana title: Simulated Video Consultations as a Learning Tool in Undergraduate Nursing: Students’ Perceptions date: 2020-08-20 words: 4285.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263494-u4tca4es.txt summary: Simulated video consultations, a teaching tool based on high-fidelity simulations, were implemented in response to the necessary adaptation of high-fidelity clinical simulation sessions to the online or virtual modality during the university closure due to the COVID-19 confinement. Nursing students should be trained in this modality of healthcare to face the challenge brought on by its increased use in healthcare services, beyond the specific adaptation of clinical simulation sessions due to the closure of universities during this pandemic. They also considered that this modality contributed to increasing and/or reinforcing their learning of non-technical skills (communication, active listening, appearance, empathy, and teamwork), promoting health education, as all the technical skills required during the simulated scenarios had to be explained to the standardized patient to mitigate the inability to perform them in a face-to-face clinical simulation session. Furthermore, the nursing students ascribed value to the learning acquired through simulated video consultations, considering that this modality could be used in their future clinical practice. abstract: Simulated video consultations, a teaching tool based on high-fidelity simulations, were implemented in response to the necessary adaptation of high-fidelity clinical simulation sessions to the online or virtual modality during the university closure due to the COVID-19 confinement. The purpose of our study was to explore the undergraduate nursing students’ satisfaction and perceptions about simulated video consultations using the high-fidelity simulation methodology. A mixed-method was utilized with 93 undergraduate nursing students using a validated satisfaction questionnaire (quantitative data), which included an observations section (qualitative data). Of the total sample, 97.8% of the students expressed a high overall satisfaction with simulated video consultations, highlighting their practical utility and positive learning outcomes. From the students’ comments, two main themes and their related categories emerged: advantages (satisfaction and enjoyment, learning, and calmness during simulated scenarios), and disadvantages (technical issues and technical skills development). Simulated video consultations may be considered as one more high-fidelity simulation teaching option. Nursing students should be trained in this modality of healthcare to face the challenge brought on by its increased use in healthcare services, beyond the specific adaptation of clinical simulation sessions due to the closure of universities during this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030280 doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030280 id: cord-267465-7rrveyrh author: Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A. title: COVID-19 Y TABAQUISMO: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA Y METAANÁLISIS DE LA EVIDENCIA date: 2020-07-25 words: 3924.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267465-7rrveyrh.txt summary: A efectos de determinar la asociación del consumo de tabaco con las condiciones más críticas posibles de COVID-19, se llevó a cabo un segundo metaanálisis que analizó una variable conjunta que incluyó el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), la intubación orotraqueal y la muerte, según la disponibilidad de datos de los estudios incluidos. Los 15 artículos de la RS excluidos del MA lo fueron porque, aunque disponían de datos de tabaquismo, estos estaban relacionados con la prevalencia de comorbilidades y consumo de tabaco y vapeo, expresión de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, análisis de características clínicas de los pacientes con infección por Covid-19, y varios MA previos por lo que no incorporaban variables de interés para responder a las preguntas de este MA. abstract: RESUMEN Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio ha sido responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Se asocia el consumo de tabaco en pacientes con Covid-19 con una progresión negativa y desenlace adverso de la enfermedad? y, ¿se asocia el consumo de tabaco, actual y pasado, a una mayor posibilidad de desarrollar COVID-19? Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática (RS) y metaanálisis (MA) de trabajos publicados previamente. La estrategia de búsqueda incluyó todos los descriptores conocidos sobre Covid-19 y tabaco y se realizó en diferentes bases de datos. Se utilizaron modelos estadísticos adecuados para abordar el tamaño del efecto en un metaanálisis: modelo de efectos aleatorios y de efectos fijos. Resultados: Fueron identificados 34 artículos en la RS de los cuáles fueron incluidos 19 en el MA. Ser fumador o ex fumador se mostró como un factor de riesgo para una peor progresión de la infección por Covid-19 (OR 1,96 IC 95%, 1,36 – 2,83) y una mayor probabilidad de presentar una condición más crítica de la infección (OR 1,79 IC 95%, 1,19 – 2,70). Como limitaciones del MA encontramos que la mayoría de los estudios analizados eran observacionales con un sesgo de publicación limitado y con dos estudios discrepantes con el resto, aunque tras retirarlos del MA se mantenía el tabaco como un factor de riesgo de peor evolución. Conclusión: El tabaquismo actual y pasado produce una forma clínica más grave de la Covid-19 y lleva con mayor frecuencia a estos pacientes a ingresar en cuidados intensivos, sean intubados y mueran. ABTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if tobacco use in patients with Covid-19 is associated with a negative disease course and adverse outcome, and if smoking, current and past, is associated with a greater possibility of developing COVID-19. Material and Methods: A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of previously published works were performed. The search strategy included all known descriptors for Covid-19 and tobacco and was conducted in different databases. Appropriate statistical models were used to address the effect size in meta-analysis, namely random effects and fixed effects model. Results: Thirty-four articles were identified in the SR of which 19 were included in the MA. Being a smoker or former smoker was shown to be a risk factor for worse progression of Covid-19 infection (OR 1.96, 95% CI, 1.36 - 2.83) and a greater probability of presenting a more critical condition (OR 1.79 95% CI, 1.19 - 2.70). As limitations of the MA, we found that most of the studies analyzed were observational with limited publication bias. Two studies that disagreed with the rest were included, although after withdrawing them from the MA, smoking was maintained as a risk factor for worse progress. Conclusion: Current and past smoking produces a more serious clinical form of Covid-19 and more frequently leads to intensive care admission, intubation, and death. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0300289620302362 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.024 id: cord-103533-k1lg8c7q author: Jin, C. title: Development and Evaluation of an AI System for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-23 words: 6431.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103533-k1lg8c7q.txt summary: We developed and evaluated a deep learning based COVID-19 diagnosis system, using multi-center data, which includes 756 subjects (496 COVID-19 positives and 260 negatives) collected in Wuhan Union Hospital, Western Campus of Wuhan Union Hospital, and Jianghan Mobile Cabin Hospital in Wuhan, the major epidemic area in China (detailed information is in Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 doi: medRxiv preprint sists of five key components (Figure 1 a) , (1) a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) model for segmenting the lung, (2) a COVID-19 diagnosis model, (3) an abnormal slices locating block to locate abnormal slices in positive cases, (4) a network visualization module for interpreting the attentional region of deep networks, and (5) an image phenotype analysis module for explaining the features of the attentional region. abstract: Early detection of COVID-19 based on chest CT will enable timely treatment of patients and help control the spread of the disease. With rapid spreading of COVID-19 in many countries, however, CT volumes of suspicious patients are increasing at a speed much faster than the availability of human experts. Here, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI) system for fast COVID-19 diagnosis with an accuracy comparable to experienced radiologists. A large dataset was constructed by collecting 970 CT volumes of 496 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 260 negative cases from three hospitals in Wuhan, China, and 1,125 negative cases from two publicly available chest CT datasets. Trained using only 312 cases, our diagnosis system, which is based on deep convolutional neural network, is able to achieve an accuracy of 94.98%, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 97.91%, a sensitivity of 94.06%, and a specificity of 95.47% on an independent external verification dataset of 1,255 cases. In a reader study involving five radiologists, only one radiologist is slightly more accurate than the AI system. The AI system is two orders of magnitude faster than radiologists and the code is available at https://github.com/ChenWWWeixiang/diagnosis_covid19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.20.20039834v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.20.20039834 id: cord-334790-lav794w0 author: Jin, Huijuan title: Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists date: 2020-04-01 words: 3557.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334790-lav794w0.txt summary: 1 Clinical symptoms of 2019-nCoV have mostly resembled that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) of 2003. The nervous system manifestations were significantly more common in patients with severe infection, manifested as ischaemic stroke and cerebral haemorrhage diagnosed by clinical symptoms and head CT, impaired consciousness and skeletal muscle injury. Symptoms related to the development of acute cerebrovascular diseases Among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, middle-aged and elderly people accounted for the majority of strokes, especially in critically ill patients. According to the ''Technical guidelines for prevention and control of new coronavirus infection in medical institutions (First Edition)'' 16 developed by General Office of the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China and clinical characteristics of these patients, we propose the following precautions for neurologists, especially for those who are working in high-risk areas. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic disease globally. Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs, it also involves the nervous system. Therefore, patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed. They become silent contagious sources or ‘virus spreaders’. In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence, development and prognosis, we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID‐19. It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385132/ doi: 10.1136/svn-2020-000382 id: cord-279032-plj9kg42 author: Jin, Kaifeng title: Re: Can the summer temperature drop COVID-19 cases? date: 2020-08-15 words: 707.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279032-plj9kg42.txt summary: Abstract The temperatures may have influence on the spread of COVID-19, However, we believe that government regulation and cooperation of public play a more important role. The temperatures may have influence on the spread of COVID-19, However, we believe that 2 government regulation and cooperation of public play a more important role. Even the situation in American is still worse, more young people do not want stay at 38 home anymore, Data from the American CDC shows that the average age of COVID-19 infection 39 in the United States was significantly reduced. In summary, we believe environment temperature may 48 affect viral activity (the source of infection), but government regulation and cooperation of public 49 play a more important role in blocking route of transmission and protecting susceptible population 50 [4] . Can the summer temperatures reduce COVID-19 cases? abstract: Abstract The temperatures may have influence on the spread of COVID-19, However, we believe that government regulation and cooperation of public play a more important role. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002712/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.041 id: cord-286854-0s7oq0uv author: Jin, Xi title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site date: 2020-07-03 words: 6012.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286854-0s7oq0uv.txt summary: title: Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. Sequence alignment analysis indicated 38 mutation sites for ZJ01 compared with other SARS-CoV-2 family members ( Figure 2(A) ). Further comparative alignment analysis of GZ02 (SARS viral strain), Wuhan-Hu-1 (the earliest sequenced SARS-CoV-2), RaTG13, HKU9-1 (the potential ancestor of SARS and SARS-CoV-2), HKU-1 and OC43 showed that the variation of FCS sequence had certain regularity in coronavirus evolution ( Figure 4(B) ). We speculated that, despite the gene similarity between ZJ01 and Wuhan-Hu-1, the mutation near the FCS changed the protein structure conformation and surface electrostatic potential of ZJ01, which further influenced its binding capacity with Furin. abstract: The mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome during COVID-19 dissemination are unclear. In 788 COVID-19 patients from Zhejiang province, we observed decreased rate of severe/critical cases compared with patients in Wuhan. For mechanisms exploration, we isolated one strain of SARS-CoV-2 (ZJ01) from a mild COVID-19 patient. Thirty-five specific gene mutations were identified. Phylogenetic and relative synonymous codon usage analysis suggested that ZJ01 may be a potential evolutionary branch of SARS-CoV-2. We classified 54 global virus strains based on the base (C or T) at positions 8824 and 28247 while ZJ01 has T at both sites. The prediction of the Furin cleavage site (FCS) and sequence alignment indicated that the FCS may be an important site of coronavirus evolution. ZJ01 mutations identified near the FCS (F1-2) caused changes in the structure and electrostatic distribution of the S surface protein, further affecting the binding capacity of Furin. Single-cell sequencing and ACE2-Furin co-expression results confirmed that the Furin expression was especially higher in glands, liver, kidneys, and colon. The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551 id: cord-319256-7pyinx1a author: Jin, Xin title: The values of coagulation function in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 words: 2821.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319256-7pyinx1a.txt summary: We analyzed the coagulation function in COVID-19 patients through the data including thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), α2-plasmininhibitor-plasmin Complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), t-PA/PAI-1 Complex (t-PAIC), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-Dimer (DD), and platelet (PLT). RESULT: The levels of TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, FIB, and DD in COVID-19 patients were higher than health controls (p<0.05), and also higher in the patients with thrombotic disease than without thrombotic disease (p<0.05). As the Table 1 shown, COVID-19 patients had significantly higher values of TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, FIB, and DD than healthy controls, and there were no significant differences in APTT, TT, and PLT. TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, APTT, FIB, TT, DD, and PLT are expected to assess the function of the coagulation systems in patients and indicate the severity of the patients to provide clinical assistance. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the blood coagulation function in COVID-19 patients, and the correlation between coagulopathy and disease severity. METHODS: We retrospectively collected 147 clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients at Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital of Hubei, China. We analyzed the coagulation function in COVID-19 patients through the data including thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), α2-plasmininhibitor-plasmin Complex (PIC), thrombomodulin (TM), t-PA/PAI-1 Complex (t-PAIC), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-Dimer (DD), and platelet (PLT). RESULT: The levels of TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, FIB, and DD in COVID-19 patients were higher than health controls (p<0.05), and also higher in the patients with thrombotic disease than without thrombotic disease (p<0.05). What’s more, the patients with thrombotic disease had a higher case-fatality (p<0.05). TAT, PIC, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, APTT, FIB, DD, and PLT were also found correlated with disease severity. Meanwhile, we found that there were significant difference in TAT, TM, t-PAIC, PT, INR, APTT, DD, and PLT in the death and survival group. Further using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis also found that t-PAIC and DD were independent risk factors for death in patients and are excellent predicting the mortality risk of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Most COVID-19 patients with inordinate coagulation systems, dynamic monitoring of coagulation parameters might be a key in the control of COVID-19 death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33119703/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241329 id: cord-309478-yhmgopmr author: Jin, Ying-Hui title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-11 words: 4562.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309478-yhmgopmr.txt summary: title: Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey Results showed that they experienced psychological burden, especially nurses, women, those in Wuhan, and frontline healthcare workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19. All 105 infected medical staff with COVID-19 in our hospital was invited, finally 103 cases agreed with the consent and finished our questionnaire was included for analysis (response rate: 98.1%), Table 1 presented their basic characteristics. Protective equipment should be upgraded in hospital at the onset of a new disease especially for staff conducting procedures involving close contact and caring for high risk patients. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care abstract: BACKGROUND: Many healthcare workers were infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) early in the epidemic posing a big challenge for epidemic control. Hence, this study aims to explore perceived infection routes, influencing factors, psychosocial changes, and management procedures for COVID-19 infected healthcare workers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, single hospital-based study. We recruited all 105 confirmed COVID-19 healthcare workers in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from February 15 to 29, 2020. All participants completed a validated questionnaire. Electronic consent was obtained from all participants. Perceived causes of infection, infection prevention, control knowledge and behaviour, psychological changes, symptoms and treatment were measured. RESULTS: Finally, 103 professional staff with COVID-19 finished the questionnaire and was included (response rate: 98.1%). Of them, 87 cases (84.5%) thought they were infected in working environment in hospital, one (1.0%) thought their infection was due to the laboratory environment, and 5 (4.9%) thought they were infected in daily life or community environment. Swab of throat collection and physical examination were the procedures perceived as most likely causing their infection by nurses and doctors respectively. Forty-three (41.8%) thought their infection was related to protective equipment, utilization of common equipment (masks and gloves). The top three first symptoms displayed before diagnosis were fever (41.8%), lethargy (33.0%) and muscle aches (30.1%). After diagnosis, 88.3% staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes during their isolation period, only 11.7% had almost no emotional changes. Arbidol (Umifenovir; an anti-influza drug; 69.2%) was the drug most commonly used to target infection in mild and moderate symptoms. CONCLUSION: The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. Positive psychological intervention is necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393381/ doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8 id: cord-341804-rnj3wtg4 author: Jin, Zhe title: Drug treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. date: 2020-06-27 words: 2048.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341804-rnj3wtg4.txt summary: This article reviewed the clinical use, mechanism and efficacy of the clinically approved drugs recommended in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (DTPNCP) released by National Health Commission of P.R.China, and the novel therapeutic agents now undergoing clinical trials approved by China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to evaluate experimental treatment for COVID-19. However, more evidence is needed either for 4 supporting or opposing the systemic therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids in 5 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Qin et al., 2020 a variety of immune cells 20 and improves the immunity, while IFN-β takes effect by inhibiting the adsorption of certain 1 viruses, enhancing phagocytosis of natural killer cells and mononuclear macrophages Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody, 21 13 which can specifically bind to soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors and inhibit 1 signal transduction mediated by IL-6, thereby reducing inflammation and blocking cytokine 2 storm caused by COVID-19 (Scheinecker et al., 2009) . abstract: Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout China as well as other countries. More than 8,700,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been recorded worldwide so far, with much more cases popping up overseas than those inside. As the initial epicenter in the world, China has been combating the epidemic for a relatively longer period and accumulated valuable experience in prevention and control of COVID-19. This article reviewed the clinical use, mechanism and efficacy of the clinically approved drugs recommended in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (DTPNCP) released by National Health Commission of P.R.China, and the novel therapeutic agents now undergoing clinical trials approved by China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to evaluate experimental treatment for COVID-19. Reviewing the progress in drug development for the treatment against COVID-19 in China may provide insight into the epidemic control in other countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299920304180?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173326 id: cord-284955-6y6nnqno author: Jing Liang, Jing title: Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus date: 2020-07-22 words: 1830.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284955-6y6nnqno.txt summary: Herein, our objective was to investigate the characteristics of laboratory findings of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: The levels of lymphocytes, uric acid (UA), and globulin in the T2DM group were significantly higher. CONCLUSION: T2DM patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed decreased levels of body mass index (BMI), lymphocytes, UA, and albumin, and increased CRP levels. Considering the above, we hypothesized that the reduction in the UA levels of patients with COVID-19 was the result of antioxidant reaction and overconsumption of free radicals after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In recent studies, LDH levels are increased in COVID-19 patients [17, 18] and related to the severity of the disease [4] . The results of the current study also indicated that LDH levels were increased in patients with COVID-19. The decreased BMI, UA, and albumin levels may be associated with oxidative stress response and nutritional consumption. abstract: AIMS: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), also referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is instigated by a novel coronavirus. The disease was initially reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Diabetes is a risk factor associated with adverse outcomes. Herein, our objective was to investigate the characteristics of laboratory findings of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: This was a retrospective study and included 80 T2DM patients of Jinling Hospital from 2010–2020, as well as 76 COVID-19 patients without T2DM and 55 COVID-19 patients with T2DM who were treated at Huoshen hill Hospital from February 11 to March 18, 2020. We then compared the differences in laboratory test results between the three groups. RESULTS: The levels of lymphocytes, uric acid (UA), and globulin in the T2DM group were significantly higher. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)levels were lower than those in the COVID-19 (p ＜ 0.05) and COVID-19 + T2DM groups (p ＜ 0.05). No considerable difference was observed regarding the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cell (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), globulin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the three groups (p＞0.05). CONCLUSION: T2DM patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed decreased levels of body mass index (BMI), lymphocytes, UA, and albumin, and increased CRP levels. The decreased BMI, UA, and albumin levels may be associated with oxidative stress response and nutritional consumption. The decreased lymphocyte counts and increased CRP levels may be related to the infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720306033 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108351 id: cord-266118-jjzr4yn3 author: Jing, Zhi-Cheng title: Recommendations from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-03-31 words: 1212.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266118-jjzr4yn3.txt summary: Patients without thrombolytic contraindications should first start intravenous thrombolysis and then transfer to the local designated medical institution of infectious disease for further treatment. Considering the fact that most medical centres do not have professional protected interventional catheterization rooms, and the conflict between time required for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection and early reperfusion for AMI, it is recommended to start emergency intravenous thrombolysis for STEMI patients if COVID-19 cannot be excluded in a short time. Patients excluded from COVID-19 should be transferred immediately to the cardiac catheterization room for emergency coronary interventional therapy, and patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be transferred to the local designated medical institution for infectious diseases. b. If COVID-19 can be excluded by the infectious disease specialist according to chest CT, it is recommended to choose a treatment strategy according to the risk stratification of NSTE-ACS: intervention or medication. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32232396/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa258 id: cord-348435-z1c16thl author: Jiricka-Pürrer, Alexandra title: City tourism pre- and post-covid-19 pandemic – Messages to take home for climate change adaptation and mitigation? date: 2020-09-30 words: 6210.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348435-z1c16thl.txt summary: Firstly, the pandemic provides a strong ability to discuss the impact of city tourism due to short-term air travel and options to enhance more climate-friendly options on the other hand. Considering the typically short length of stay compared to other forms of travel, and assuming repeated trips to urban destinations within a single year, the intra-European travel activities of city breakers also have a negative impact on climate change if they are conducted by air plane (in particular without compensation) or car. Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. abstract: The paper presents the status quo on climate change impacts on city tourism in Austria describing the impacts by air travel and a short stay on the greenhouse gas emissions and the changing conditions in the city. For Austrian cities, depending on location and topography, heavy rainfall events, storms and heat waves in particular could become increasingly relevant in the tourism context. For medium-sized and large cities, heat is the most frequently discussed topic in connection with possible adaptation potentials. The analysis of challenges shows a strong overlap of adaptation targets in city tourism with adaptation challenges for city planning including connection to the sub-urban surrounding areas to confront climate change impacts. Covid-19 pandemic, additionally, offered the opportunity to discuss a new re-start of the city-tourism against the experience during the shutdown period in spring 2020. The paper argues that we can learn from the current health crisis for coping with climate change related extreme events and to increase achievements in climate change mitigation. Firstly, the pandemic provides a strong ability to discuss the impact of city tourism due to short-term air travel and options to enhance more climate-friendly options on the other hand. Secondly, Covid-19 emphasized the need to reconsider the role of free spaces in metropolitan areas as well as their accessibility. Herewith synergies with climate change adaptation are likely when questioning the availability and accessibility of green and blue infrastructure as well as their capacities. Challenges including crowding and impacts by over tourism on public free spaces will require joint strategies involving all public and private institutions (including local communities and businesses) responsible for the maintenance of green and blue free spaces. Thirdly, the strong interactions between urban and suburban areas became evident once more, which will also be very relevant for city tourism in the future (e.g. in times of heat waves). Reflection on the transferability of coping with such crowding effects, related to the adaptive behaviour of residents and tourists in times of severe heat waves, might be relevant for both city tourism and summer tourism destinations near metropolitan areas. Finally, the Covid-19 crisis encourages discussions on over-tourism in metropolitan destinations in favour of a more balanced approach, in particular in inner city areas and around major sightseeing attractions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213078020300530 doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2020.100329 id: cord-344087-4f40zj13 author: Jo, Min-Woo title: The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years date: 2020-05-26 words: 3400.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344087-4f40zj13.txt summary: METHODS: We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. For the calculation of the YLDs, we used the numbers of confirmed cases by sex and age group, the duration of disease, and disability weights (DWs). The numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by sex or age group were obtained from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). To compare the results with previous studies, we estimated the YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs per 100,000 population for the mid-year population of 2019 by sex and age, using data from the Statistics Korea demographic survey. abstract: BACKGROUND: The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Korea, as in other countries, the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 have been rising. This study aimed to calculate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Korea. METHODS: We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. Morbidity was estimated directly among the confirmed, cured, and fatal cases. Disability weights were adopted from previous similar causes on the severity of COVID-19 for the years of life lived with disability (YLDs). The years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated using the standard life expectancy from the 2018 life tables for each sex and age. RESULTS: The YLDs were higher in females (155.2) than in males (105.1), but the YLLs were higher in males (1,274.3) than in females (996.4). The total disease burden attributable to COVID-19 in Korea during the study period, was estimated to be 2,531.0 DALYs, and 4.930 DALYs per 100,000 population. The YLDs and the YLLs constituted 10.3% and 89.7% of the total DALYs, respectively. The DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in people aged ≥ 80 years, followed by those aged 70–79, 60–69, and 50–59 years, but the incidence was the highest in individuals aged 20–29 years. CONCLUSION: This study provided the estimates of DALYs due to COVID-19 in Korea. Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was derived from YLL; this indicates that decision-makers should focus and make an effort on reducing fatality for preparing the second wave of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476305/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e199 id: cord-294966-3jolt83r author: Joensen, L. E. title: Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries? date: 2020-05-29 words: 4016.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294966-3jolt83r.txt summary: The COVID-19 outbreak and associated mass media coverage about the course of the pandemic worldwide and the frightening mortality levels in some countries are expected to increase the prevalence and change the character of psychological problems, including anxiety, depression and stress among citizens in affected countries [4] [5] [6] . Alongside with items on COVID-19-specific worries, the questionnaire included items on sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes-specific social support, diabetes distress as well as changes in diabetes-specific behaviours. • This study showed a high prevalence of diabetesspecific worries related to COVID-19, especially fear of being overly affected by the virus, labelling of people with diabetes as a high-risk group, and inability to manage diabetes if infected. This study of 1396 people with diabetes showed that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic were highly prevalent. abstract: AIM: To map COVID‐19‐specific worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in the initial phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Denmark, and to explore characteristics of people with diabetes and high levels of worries related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 2430 adult members (> 18 years) of two user panels consisting of people with diabetes who have volunteered to share information about their life with diabetes. The questionnaire included items on COVID‐19‐specific worries as well as such worries related to diabetes, sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes‐specific social support, diabetes distress and changes in diabetes‐specific behaviours. Responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. RESULTS: People with diabetes have COVID‐19‐specific worries related to their diabetes. More than half were worried about being overly affected due to diabetes if infected with COVID‐19, about one‐third about being characterized as a risk group due to diabetes and not being able to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regressions showed that being female, having type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications and diabetes distress, feeling isolated and lonely, and having changed diabetes behaviours were associated with being more worried about COVID‐19 and diabetes. CONCLUSION: People with diabetes have COVID‐19‐specific worries related to their diabetes which is associated with poorer psychosocial health. These worries should be addressed through support targeting specific questions and needs of individuals with diabetes as well as frequent updates on new knowledge regarding COVID‐19 and diabetes. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14319 doi: 10.1111/dme.14319 id: cord-029606-2z1tw4xo author: John, Janice title: Developing an Intensive Community Covid-19 Management Strategy: Helping Our Patients Access Patient-Centered Care across a Continuum of Covid-19 Disease Needs date: 2020-05-27 words: 3161.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029606-2z1tw4xo.txt summary: An intensive community management strategy, including outreach to high-risk patients, dedicated telephone triage, and a respiratory clinic, can reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes for Covid-19. Our model spans the continuum of care and includes six key components: high-risk outreach, telephonic primary care, a phone triage system, a community management group, a respiratory clinic, and integrated emergency room/hospital care ( Figure 1 ). The triage center is a dedicated group of nurses supported by onsite physicians who (1) determine whether patients'' symptoms are clinically consistent with Covid-19 using a symptom checklist, (2) risk-stratify patients for severe disease complications using risk stratification criteria (Table 1) (3) determine whether patients meet criteria for testing, (4) conduct robust education (about 10-15 min) on home care with attention to self-isolation and selfquarantine and (5) evaluate patients for symptoms requiring urgent in-person assessment at the respiratory clinic based on identification of potential pulmonary involvement. abstract: An intensive community management strategy, including outreach to high-risk patients, dedicated telephone triage, and a respiratory clinic, can reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes for Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371307/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0181 id: cord-273150-bz617ovx author: John, Teny M. title: Migratory Pulmonary Infiltrates in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection and the Role of Corticosteroids date: 2020-06-24 words: 821.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273150-bz617ovx.txt summary: 2 Herein, we present a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed organizing pneumonia (OP) as a late manifestation of COVID-19 after an initial improvement, who was successfully treated with corticosteroids. The patient was enrolled in John 4 the Mayo Clinic COVID-19 expanded access program for convalescent plasma (CCP) on day 9 of her illness and received one dose of CCP. A repeat chest CT, on day 17 of illness ( Figure 1, panel B) , revealed new and migratory ground-glass opacities in both lungs that were consistent with an organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern. 6 John 5 Ibrutinib, a highly potent inhibitor of BTK, is considered to protect against lung injury in COVID-19. Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection The BTK-inhibitor ibrutinib may protect against pulmonary injury in COVID-19 infected patients abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025619620306406 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.023 id: cord-273045-ele1cz86 author: Johnson, Claire D. title: Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date: 2020-06-13 words: 13963.0 sentences: 878.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt summary: authors: Johnson, Claire D.; Green, Bart N.; Konarski-Hart, Karen K.; Hewitt, Elise G.; Napuli, Jason G.; Foshee, William K.; Brown, Jason W.; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Stuber, Kent J.; Lerede, Caterina; Charlton, Scott T.; Field, Jonathan R.; Botelho, Marcelo B.; Da Silva, Kendrah L.; Tønner, Gitte; Yap, Terrence BK.; Gkolfinopoulos, Vasileios S.; Quintero, Gabriel; Agaoglu, Mustafa H. 68 The Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners issued guidelines on appropriateness of chiropractic care through April 30 that stated, "Licensees should only provide essential chiropractic services for patients with current or recurrent complaints of pain or disability which adversely affects the patient''s ability to engage in the essential activities of daily living or work, or adversely affects the patient''s quality of life, and with anticipation of material improvement under chiropractic care." 69 As of May 1, updated orders included that licensed chiropractors could provide wellness care but, "should continue to adhere to safety and prevention best practices specified in the most current advice from the Centers for Disease Control." 70 William Foshee. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained all levels of healthcare and it is not known how chiropractic practitioners have responded to this crisis. The purpose of this report is to describe responses by a sample of chiropractors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used a qualitative-constructivist design to understand chiropractic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, as described by the participants. A sample of chiropractic practitioners (doctors of chiropractic, chiropractors) from various international locations were invited to participate. Each described the public health response to COVID-19 in their location and the actions that they took in their chiropractic practices from April 20 through May 4, 2020. A summary report was created from their responses and common themes were identified. RESULTS: Eighteen chiropractic practitioners representing 17 locations and 11 countries participated. A variety of practice environments were represented in this sample, including, solo practice, mobile practice, private hospital, US Veterans Administration health care, worksite health center, and group practice. They reported that they recognized and abided by changing governmental regulations. They observed their patients experience increased stress and mental health concerns resulting from the pandemic. They adopted innovative strategies, such as telehealth, to do outreach, communicate with, and provide care for patients. They abided by national and World Health Organization recommendations and they adopted creative strategies to maintain connectivity with patients through a people-centered, integrated, and collaborative approach. CONCLUSION: Although the chiropractors in this sample practiced in different cities and countries, their compliance with local regulations, concern for staff and patient safety, and people-centered responses were consistent. This sample covers all 7 World Federation of Chiropractic regions (ie, African, Asian, Eastern Mediterranean, European, Latin American, North American, and Pacific) and provides insights into measures taken by chiropractors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This information may assist the chiropractic profession as it prepares for different scenarios as new evidence about this disease evolves. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0161475420301226 doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.001 id: cord-327924-q29lgopf author: Johnson, Jared title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fellowship Training: A National Survey of Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Directors date: 2020-06-23 words: 2843.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327924-q29lgopf.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. By conducting a web-based survey of all pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors, our study looked to gain a better understanding of the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on current and future pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training, as well as how the application process was impacted this past year. Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows'' surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows'' surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To gain a better understanding of the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on current and future pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training, as well as how the application process was impacted this past year. METHODS: An anonymous web-based survey consisting of 24 questions was sent to all fellowship directors. The survey questions were designed to gain a better understanding of the effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical and clinical experience of current, to characterize the types of supplemental educational experiences that fellowship directors had incorporated into the curriculum to compensate for the decreased surgical and clinical workload, and highlight differences based on geographic location. RESULTS: Overall, 22 of 36 fellowship directors responded to our survey, for a total response rate of 61%. The Midwest had the highest response rate at 72.7%, followed by the Northeast (71.4%), the West (50%), and the South (50%). The vast majority of fellowship directors (77.2%) reported the COVID-19 pandemic had a “significant impact” on overall pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training. 86.3% of fellowship directors reported that their programs were still performing some surgical operations, but with decreased overall volume. Interestingly, 13.6% of fellowship directors reported that their fellows had been pulled to medicine or ICU services to assist with the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these programs that had a fellow pulled to the ICU or medicine service, 2 out of 3 were located in the Northeast, with the remaining fellow being from a program in the South. CONCLUSION: Overall, pediatric otolaryngology fellowship directors reported the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the overall fellowship experience within the field of pediatric otolaryngology, with the majority feeling that both their fellows surgical and clinical experience have been significantly impacted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797806/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110217 id: cord-258395-m9ws5rmv author: Johnson, Joshua K title: Frequency of Physical Therapist Intervention Is Associated With Mobility Status and Disposition at Hospital Discharge for Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 3926.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258395-m9ws5rmv.txt summary: The primary aims of this study were to examine the relationship of physical therapy visit frequency and duration in the hospital with patients'' mobility status at discharge and probability of discharging home. RESULTS: For the 312 patients included, increased physical therapy visit frequency was associated with higher 6-Clicks mobility (b = 3.63; 95% CI = 1.54–5.71) and JH-HLM scores (b = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.37–1.93) at hospital discharge and with increased probability of discharging home (adjusted relative risk = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.25–2.63). CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 demonstrated improved mobility at hospital discharge and higher probability of discharging home with increased frequency and longer mean duration of physical therapy visits. As an exploratory analysis to understand whether the relationships between physical therapy visit frequency or mean visit duration and mobility status at discharge or discharge to home were moderated by patient characteristics, we included interaction terms in separate regression models. abstract: OBJECTIVE: For patients diagnosed with the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, evidence is needed to understand the effect of treatment by physical therapists in the acute hospital on patient outcomes. The primary aims of this study were to examine the relationship of physical therapy visit frequency and duration in the hospital with patients’ mobility status at discharge and probability of discharging home. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to any of eleven hospitals in one health system. The primary outcome was mobility status at discharge, measured using the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care 6-Clicks basic mobility (6-Clicks mobility) and the Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility (JH-HLM) scales. Discharge to home vs. to a facility was a secondary outcome. Associations between these outcomes and physical therapy visit frequency or mean duration were tested using multiple linear or modified Poisson regression. Potential moderation of these relationships by particular patient characteristics was examined using interaction terms in subsequent regression models. RESULTS: For the 312 patients included, increased physical therapy visit frequency was associated with higher 6-Clicks mobility (b = 3.63; 95% CI = 1.54–5.71) and JH-HLM scores (b = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.37–1.93) at hospital discharge and with increased probability of discharging home (adjusted relative risk = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.25–2.63). Longer mean visit duration was also associated with improved mobility at discharge and the probability of discharging home, though the effects were less pronounced. Few moderation effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 demonstrated improved mobility at hospital discharge and higher probability of discharging home with increased frequency and longer mean duration of physical therapy visits. These associations were not generally moderated by patient characteristics. IMPACT: Physical therapy should be an integral component of care for patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Providing sufficient physical therapist interventions to improve outcomes must be balanced against protection from viral spread. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa181 doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa181 id: cord-305534-936peb1n author: Johnson, Kemmian D. title: Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 words: 6712.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305534-936peb1n.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. In the severe disease state, the patient''s clinical course is complicated by the development of pneumonia with ARDS, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, and/or death (7) . Several retrospective studies have consistently reported pulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19, which include cough, shortness of breath, sputum production, respiratory failure, and ARDS (Table 1) (5, 7, (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14 million cases and 600,000 deaths as of July 18, 2020. Primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, the most common clinical presentations of symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and sore throat. In advanced cases, patients may rapidly develop respiratory failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even progress to death. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. The literature regarding the extrapulmonary manifestations (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and neurological) of COVID-19 is scant. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the organ-specific clinical manifestations of COVID-19, to increase awareness about the various organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 and to provide a brief insight into the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the earlier SARS and MERS. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00526 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00526 id: cord-309728-7vfotgrr author: Johnson, Kristen M. title: Managing COVID‐19 in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Review of Recent Literature and Case Supporting Corticosteroid‐sparing Immunosuppression date: 2020-05-26 words: 3202.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309728-7vfotgrr.txt summary: PHARMACOTHERAPY Volume **, Number **, 2020 We present the case and outcomes of a renal transplant recipient with SAR-CoV-2 treated in our hospital whose immunosuppressive therapy was managed with only a modest reduction in calcineurin inhibitor target trough concentration and antiproliferative dose reduction. We have described the case of a renal transplant recipient who was successfully treated for COVID-19 with supportive care along with steroid-sparing immunosuppression regimen changes that included dose-reduced antiproliferative therapy and a modest decrease in tacrolimus target trough level. [22] [23] [24] Finally, currently published cases of SARS-CoV-2 in renal transplant recipients have demonstrated variable results in progression of respiratory disease and survival when substituting higher doses of corticosteroids for complete cessation of maintenance calcineurin inhibitor and antiproliferative therapy. 8, 11 Conclusion It is difficult to compare and draw conclusions regarding optimal immunosuppressant management in renal transplant recipients treated for SARS-CoV-2 from the limited data presented in currently published cases along with significant confounding variables. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a global health care crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists immunocompromised patients, including those requiring immunosuppression following renal transplantation, as high risk for severe disease from SARS‐CoV‐2. Treatment for other viral infections in renal transplant recipients often includes a reduction in immunosuppression; however, no current guidelines are available recommending the optimal approach to managing immunosuppression in the patients who are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. It is currently advised to avoid corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 outside of critically ill patients. Recently published cases describing inpatient care of COVID‐19 in renal transplant recipients differ widely in disease severity, time from transplantation, baseline immunosuppressive therapy, and the modifications made to immunosuppression during COVID‐19 treatment. This review summarizes and compares inpatient immunosuppressant management strategies of recently published reports in the renal transplant population infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and discusses the limitations of corticosteroids in managing immunosuppression in this patient population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339304/ doi: 10.1002/phar.2410 id: cord-254475-rdimnsmo author: Johnson, S. S. title: Excess Risk of COVID-19 to University Populations Resulting from In-Person Sporting Events date: 2020-09-28 words: 4520.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254475-rdimnsmo.txt summary: Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with controlled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a low prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with controlled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a high prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. Distribution of cumulative COVID-19 cases in 1,000 simulated university campuses with uncontrolled epidemics, comparing a campus with no in-person sporting events to two scenarios where visitors come from a high prevalence area and mix with the campus community at a low rate or a high rate respectively. abstract: Background: One of the consequences of COVID-19 has been the cancelation of in-person collegiate sporting events. We explore the impact of having in-person sports on COVID-19 transmission on a college campus, specifically the excess cases within the campus community can be anticipated. Methods: Using a stochastic compartmental model representing the interactions between the university community, we model the impact of transient influxes of visitors attending sporting events and ancillary activities (bars, dining out, etc.). We consider a number of scenarios, varying the extent to which visitors interact with the campus, the number of infectious visitors, and the extent to which the campus has controlled COVID-19 absent events. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis, exploring the model's outcomes over a wide range of uncertainty. Results: Events caused an increase in the number of cases among the campus community, ranging from a 25% increase in a scenario where the campus already had an uncontrolled COVID-19 outbreak and visitors had a low prevalence of COVID-19 and mixed lightly with the campus community to an 822% increase where the campus had controlled their COVID-19 outbreak and visitors had both a high prevalence of COVID-19 and mixed heavily with the campus community. The model was insensitive to parameter uncertainty, save for the duration a symptomatic individual was infectious. Conclusion: In-person sporting events represent a threat to the health of the campus community. This is the case even in circumstances where COVID-19 seems controlled both on-campus and among the larger population visitors are drawn from. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.27.20202499 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.27.20202499 id: cord-287684-z3l9tsir author: Johnson, Sonia title: Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff date: 2020-08-28 words: 6655.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287684-z3l9tsir.txt summary: Our aim was to inform further research and service responses by conducting, in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a survey of the perspectives and experiences of staff working in inpatient and community settings across the UK health and social care sectors. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has potential to disrupt and burden the mental health care system, and to magnify inequalities experienced by mental health service users. METHODS: We investigated staff reports regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in its early weeks on mental health care and mental health service users in the UK using a mixed methods online survey. Recruitment channels included professional associations and networks, charities, and social media. Quantitative findings were reported with descriptive statistics, and content analysis conducted for qualitative data. RESULTS: 2,180 staff from a range of sectors, professions, and specialties participated. Immediate infection control concerns were highly salient for inpatient staff, new ways of working for community staff. Multiple rapid adaptations and innovations in response to the crisis were described, especially remote working. This was cautiously welcomed but found successful in only some clinical situations. Staff had specific concerns about many groups of service users, including people whose conditions are exacerbated by pandemic anxieties and social disruptions; people experiencing loneliness, domestic abuse and family conflict; those unable to understand and follow social distancing requirements; and those who cannot engage with remote care. CONCLUSION: This overview of staff concerns and experiences in the early COVID-19 pandemic suggests directions for further research and service development: we suggest that how to combine infection control and a therapeutic environment in hospital, and how to achieve effective and targeted tele-health implementation in the community, should be priorities. The limitations of our convenience sample must be noted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4 doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4 id: cord-316878-zemaygnt author: Johnson, Stephanie B. title: Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date: 2020-08-25 words: 2634.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt summary: This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. Global coordinated efforts in response to COVID-19 led by international organizations such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have attempted to integrate notions of global "solidarity" into practice and policy. It will help countries expand their health-care capacity and mitigate its social impact." Similarly, the WHO publication Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response sets out that [u] nder international human rights law, the obligations undertaken by State parties beyond their borders, i.e. to International Assistance and Cooperation are akin to their domestic obligations, not subsidiary or secondary in any way. abstract: In the coming weeks and months SARS-CoV-2 may ravage countries with weak health systems and populations disproportionately affected by HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and other infectious diseases. Without safeguards and proper attention to global health equity and justice, the effects of this pandemic are likely to exacerbate existing health and socio-economic inequalities. This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10008-9 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10008-9 id: cord-356010-wwzv4tl7 author: Jolley, Daniel title: Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence date: 2020-06-21 words: 3874.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356010-wwzv4tl7.txt summary: Findings revealed that belief in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories was positively correlated with state anger, which in turn, was associated with a greater justification of real‐life and hypothetical violence in response to an alleged link between 5G mobile technology and COVID‐19, alongside a greater intent to engage in similar behaviours in the future. Specifically, in a British sample, we hypothesize that 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs will be positively associated with the justification and willingness of real-life violence, hypothetical violence, and the intention to be violent in response to the alleged link between 5G and COVID-19 (H1), which will be mediated by higher levels of state anger (H2). Our findings provide empirical support for such an assertion: belief in 5G COVID-19 conspiracy theories were positively associated with such violent responses, mediated by state anger, especially for individuals highest in paranoia. abstract: Amid increased acts of violence against telecommunication engineers and property, this pre‐registered study (N = 601 Britons) investigated the association between beliefs in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and the justification and willingness to use violence. Findings revealed that belief in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories was positively correlated with state anger, which in turn, was associated with a greater justification of real‐life and hypothetical violence in response to an alleged link between 5G mobile technology and COVID‐19, alongside a greater intent to engage in similar behaviours in the future. Moreover, these associations were strongest for those highest in paranoia. Furthermore, we show that these patterns are not specific to 5G conspiratorial beliefs: General conspiracy mentality was positively associated with justification and willingness for general violence, an effect mediated by heightened state anger, especially for those most paranoid in the case of justification of violence. Such research provides novel evidence on why and when conspiracy beliefs may justify the use of violence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32564418/ doi: 10.1111/bjso.12394 id: cord-301622-mn59vszt author: Jomah, Shahamah title: Clinical efficacy of antivirals against novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A review date: 2020-08-03 words: 6281.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301622-mn59vszt.txt summary: However, several agents are included in Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Management Guidelines for treatment of COVID-19 patients; including antimalaria (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine), antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir), antibacterial (azithromycin, and immunomodulators (Tocilizumab) based on their beneficial role reported by practicing physicians or small scale clinical trials. Additional keywords such as treatment", "antiviral", "protease inhibitors", "lopinavir ritonavir", "ribavirin", Remdesivir", "arbidol",Östalmovir", "Favipiravir", human studies, randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective or retrospective cohort designs, case-control designs, case series and case report, with COVID-19 produced more than 300 trails. A randomized control trial including 199 severe COVID-19 patients revealed that lopinavir group had significantly shorter time for clinical improvement compared to standard therapy. Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label multicenter trial [27] • 236 moderate/severe confirmed COVID-19 cases randomized; 116 to receive Favipiravir for 10 days and 120 to receive Umifenovir (Arbidol) for 10 days and all patients received conventional therapy. abstract: The unprecedented challenge faced by mankind due to emergence of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has obligated researchers across the globe to develop effective medicine for prevention and treatment of this deadly infection. The aim of this review is to compile recently published research articles on anti-COVID 19 management with their benefits and risk to facilitate decision making of the practitioners and policy makers. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes reported for antivirals are not consistent. Initial favorable reports on lopinavir/ritonavir contradicted by recent studies. Ostalmovir has conflicting reports. Short term therapy of remdesivir claimed to be beneficial. Favipiravir demonstrated good recovery in some of the cases of COVID-19. Umifenovir (Arbidol) was associated with reduction in mortality in few studies. Overall, until now, U.S. Food and Drug administration issued only emergency use authorization to remdesivir for the treatment of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.013 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.013 id: cord-318821-m8vx0wgs author: Jombart, T. title: Real-time monitoring of COVID-19 dynamics using automated trend fitting and anomaly detection date: 2020-09-03 words: 6947.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318821-m8vx0wgs.txt summary: Our approach relies on automatically selecting the best (fitting or predicting) model from a range of user-defined time series models, excluding the most recent data points, to characterise the main trend in an incidence. ASMODEE first identifies past temporal trends using automated model selection, and then uses outlier detection inspired by classical Shewhart control-charts to signal recent anomalous data points. COVID-19 incidence dynamics were simulated using a branching process model with realistic estimates of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) and serial interval, under four scenarios: steady state (Rt close to 1), relapse, lockdown and flare-up following low levels of transmission. These values may need to be adjusted over time to ensure optimal detection of changes in temporal trends, and to balance the need for the calibration window to contain sufficient data points to fit the most complex time series model considered. abstract: As several countries gradually release social distancing measures, rapid detection of new localised COVID-19 hotspots and subsequent intervention will be key to avoiding large-scale resurgence of transmission. We introduce ASMODEE (Automatic Selection of Models and Outlier Detection for Epidemics), a new tool for detecting sudden changes in COVID-19 incidence. Our approach relies on automatically selecting the best (fitting or predicting) model from a range of user-defined time series models, excluding the most recent data points, to characterise the main trend in an incidence. We then derive prediction intervals and classify data points outside this interval as outliers, which provides an objective criterion for identifying departures from previous trends. We also provide a method for selecting the optimal breakpoints, used to define how many recent data points are to be excluded from the trend fitting procedure. The analysis of simulated COVID-19 outbreaks suggest ASMODEE compares favourably with a state-of-art outbreak-detection algorithm while being simpler and more flexible. We illustrate our method using publicly available data of NHS Pathways reporting potential COVID-19 cases in England at a fine spatial scale, for which we provide a template automated analysis pipeline. ASMODEE is implemented in the free R package trendbreaker. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.02.20186502v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186502 id: cord-330786-52xyuwum author: Jones, C. M. title: Considerations for the Treatment of Oesophageal Cancer With Radiotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-09 words: 2083.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330786-52xyuwum.txt summary: Consensus was sought for evidence-based approaches to the management of oesophageal cancer that would maintain benefit, minimise risk to the patient, accommodate for service pressures and limit hospital attendance. Standard treatment approaches for potentially curable oesophageal cancer typically comprise neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by either resection or definitive CRT (dCRT), with some patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy or CRT dependent on resection margins and performance status. If there is uncertainty related to surgical capacity, we would suggest that dCRT with no neoadjuvant or induction component is the most appropriate option to provide an upfront definitive treatment approach while limiting infection risk. In patients for whom the risks of dCRT are considered too great, or in instances where there is limited chemotherapy provision, consider definitive hypofractionated radiotherapy for locally advanced disease. Tumours of up to 5 cm Table 1 A summary of recommendations for the radiotherapy-based management of patients with oesophageal cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0936655520301576 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.001 id: cord-257781-ybpliz32 author: Jones, Eben title: Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumothorax in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-09-17 words: 3472.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257781-ybpliz32.txt summary: IMPORTANCE: Management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 relies on advanced respiratory support modalities including invasive mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and noninvasive ventilation, all of which are associated with the development of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax (herein collectively termed barotrauma). Barotrauma cases had longer illness duration prior to critical care admission (10 vs 7 d; interquartile range, 8–14 and 6–10, respectively; p = 0.073) and were more often treated with continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation as the initial modality of advanced respiratory support (87.5% vs 36.0%; p = 0.007). Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax-herein collectively termed "barotrauma" (referring to the manifestation, rather than etiologic mechanism, of airway tract damage and resultant extra-alveolar air)-are known complications of all forms of positive pressure respiratory support and are associated with multiple organ failure and death (6) . abstract: IMPORTANCE: Management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 relies on advanced respiratory support modalities including invasive mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and noninvasive ventilation, all of which are associated with the development of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax (herein collectively termed barotrauma). OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence rate of barotrauma in severe coronavirus disease 2019 and to explore possible associated factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective, single-center cohort study with nested case series, conducted at University Hospital Lewisham: a 450-bed general hospital in London, United Kingdom. All patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the critical care department from March 12, to April 12, 2020, were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Patients were retrospectively screened for radiological evidence of barotrauma. Admission characteristics, modalities of respiratory support, and outcomes were compared between barotrauma and nonbarotrauma groups. Respiratory parameters in the period preceding barotrauma identification were recorded. RESULTS: Of 83 admissions with coronavirus disease 2019, eight suffered barotrauma (occurrence rate 9.6%; 95% CI 4.3%–18.1%). Barotrauma cases had longer illness duration prior to critical care admission (10 vs 7 d; interquartile range, 8–14 and 6–10, respectively; p = 0.073) and were more often treated with continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation as the initial modality of advanced respiratory support (87.5% vs 36.0%; p = 0.007). Patients managed with continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation prior to the development of barotrauma had median minute ventilation of 16.2–19.9 and 21.3–22.7 L/min, respectively. Compared with the nonbarotrauma group, a higher proportion of patients with barotrauma had died (62.5% vs 43.2%), and a lower proportion of patients had been discharged (25.0% vs 53.3%) at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Barotrauma appears to be a common complication of severe coronavirus disease 2019. Determining whether high minute ventilation while using continuous positive airway pressure or noninvasive ventilation predisposes patients to barotrauma requires further investigation. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000210 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000210 id: cord-310165-xj025ruz author: Jones, Rodney P title: Would the United States Have Had Too Few Beds for Universal Emergency Care in the Event of a More Widespread Covid-19 Epidemic? date: 2020-07-19 words: 6728.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310165-xj025ruz.txt summary: Relatively low population density in over half of US states appeared to have limited the spread of Covid-19 thus averting a potential major hospital capacity crisis. This study will seek to evaluate if U.S. states had enough hospital beds to cope with a large epidemic across all parts of the country and will use a new method for comparing inter-and intra-national bed numbers to do so. In this analysis confirmed Covid-19 deaths were from Bing.com [5] , total hospital bed numbers include adult and pediatric acute care, plus maternity and mental health. In 2019 that US average was 191 acute beds per hospital (range 90 in Wyoming to 259 in New Jersey and Connecticut and 306 in New York) [32] The relatively low population density in most US states seemingly averted a catastrophic Covid-19 bed capacity overload. abstract: (1) Background: To evaluate the level of hospital bed numbers in U.S. states relative to other countries using a new method for evaluating bed numbers, and to determine if this is sufficient for universal health care during a major Covid-19 epidemic in all states (2) Methods: Hospital bed numbers in each state were compared using a new international comparison methodology. Covid-19 deaths per 100 hospital beds were used as a proxy for bed capacity pressures. (3) Results: Hospital bed numbers show large variation between U.S. states and half of the states have equivalent beds to those in developing countries. Relatively low population density in over half of US states appeared to have limited the spread of Covid-19 thus averting a potential major hospital capacity crisis. (4) Conclusions: Many U.S. states had too few beds to cope with a major Covid-19 epidemic, but this was averted by low population density in many states, which seemed to limit the spread of the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145210 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145210 id: cord-031175-4dm4asen author: Joo, Jaehun title: Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-01 words: 5972.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031175-4dm4asen.txt summary: Thus, for being required by both governments, Self-quarantine Safety Protection app of South Korea and Health Code app of China are representative technology for examining the relationship between the effectiveness of mandatory centralized contract tracing apps and user stress. Based on the coping theory (Beaudry and Pinsonneault 2005; Lazarus and Folkman 1984) , this study proposes a structural equation model that shows the relationships between contact tracing app users'' stress and how they accept such stress through a process called challenge appraisal. To test the research hypotheses derived from the proposed structural equation model, survey data were collected from the users of Health Code, which is the mandatory and centralized contact tracing app with the largest user base. Figure 1 shows the relationships among accuracy and privacy concerns as factors affecting stress, challenge appraisal, emotion-focused coping behavior, and infusion as a structural equations model. abstract: Although contact tracing apps can be effective for controlling COVID-19, the app usage can be stressful for users. This study identifies countermeasures for users’ stress while maximizing full utilization of the apps. This study presents the relationships among the stress factors, users’ appraisal, users’ emotion focus coping, and the infusion to exert the full potential of the app through a structural equation model. The research model is validated by surveying Health Code app users. Given the results of the study, the contact tracing apps could become a valuable tool to control COVID-19 by removing app users’ privacy concerns. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7459240/ doi: 10.1007/s11628-020-00424-7 id: cord-275319-j36gnu0e author: Joob, B. title: COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand date: 2020-04-30 words: 443.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275319-j36gnu0e.txt summary: Sir, COVID-19 is a new emerging coronavirus infection that has spread to several countries [1] . Thailand is a country in Indochina that has experienced many imported cases of this new disease [2] . Here we describe our experience of COVID-19 amongst HCWs in Thailand. At the time of writing (21 st February 2020), there were 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Thailand, including one HCW. The HCW had contact with a patient with COVID-19 who had been diagnosed with dengue at the time. Indeed, it is now known that some patients with COVID-19 do not have fever or respiratory symptoms at the time of presentation [3] . Emerging new coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China: situation in early 2020 Imported cases of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections in Thailand: mathematical modelling of the outbreak Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120300906 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.02.016 id: cord-345637-eg8kuewb author: Joob, B. title: Lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspicion of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-01 words: 262.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345637-eg8kuewb.txt summary: key: cord-345637-eg8kuewb cord_uid: eg8kuewb they believe that their course ''represents one possible model for implementing lung ultrasound education and might be a useful launch-pad for gynecologists and obstetricians involved in the management of pregnant patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. The usefulness of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lung pathology in pregnant women with COVID-19 has been confirmed 2 . Yet, the limited availability of data on lung ultrasound findings in COVID-19 is a challenge, particularly as various non-specific forms of lung abnormality are observable in this disease 2 . Furthermore, the availability of ultrasound in remote areas of developing countries is usually limited. For example, in our country, the knowledge of practitioners regarding COVID-19 3 is limited and we lack such a rapid training program. Effectiveness of rapid lung ultrasound training program for gynecologists and obstetricians managing pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 Lung ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22091 doi: 10.1002/uog.22091 id: cord-307416-v2296g5p author: Joob, Beuy title: Pulmonary Pathology of Early Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-04-24 words: 443.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307416-v2296g5p.txt summary: To the Editor: We read the publication on "Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer" with great interest. 2 Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 is possible 3 and the pathologic findings in the lungs mentioned by Tian et al. 1 To the Editor: Thank you for forwarding the letter by Joob and Wiwanitkit 1 regarding our recent paper "Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer." 2 We thank Dr. Joob and Dr. Wiwanitkit for their interest in our work and appreciate their comments. Although the patients did not exhibit symptoms at the time of the operation, subsequent pathologic examination revealed changes as reported in the paper; 2 thus, this represents the early changes seen in COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32340677/ doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.013 id: cord-337670-3wq260lj author: Joob, Beuy title: Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period date: 2020-03-31 words: 287.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337670-3wq260lj.txt summary: authors: Joob, Beuy; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Letter to the Editor: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period Dear Editor, We read with great interest the recent publication entitled "A Chinese case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) did not show infectivity during the incubation period: based on an epidemiological survey" [1] . Bae concluded that "the epidemiological findings support the claim that the COVID-19 virus does not have infectivity during the incubation period [1] . " In fact, a pathogen should not have infectivity during the incubation period or development of disease. How the author was able to confirm the reliability of the patient''s self-reported history is an interesting issue for further discussion. A Chinese case of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) did not show infectivity during the incubation period: based on an epidemiological survey Incubation period and other epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infections with right truncation: a statistical analysis of publicly available case data abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32268458/ doi: 10.3961/jpmph.20.065 id: cord-261228-o80y5cic author: Jorge, D. C. P. title: Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date: 2020-06-28 words: 6407.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261228-o80y5cic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261228-o80y5cic.txt summary: In this work we analyzed the effects of 547 published governmental interventions, and population adherence thereof, on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases across all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities. In this work, we comparatively analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 transmission rate and reproductive number in all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities, establishing links with measures of governmental restrictions (NPIs) implemented in each region together with the human behaviour response, particularly the adherence to recommendations of social distancing. In this work we evaluated the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and social mobility reduction patterns on the spread dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the 27 Brazilian states, by employing an underlying SEIR model to estimate TRs. Our results show that the measures adopted, combined with the population adherence to restrict circulation, contributed to the decrease of the TR in almost all states, an effect that was perceived in both capitals and inland cities. abstract: COVID-19 is now identified in almost all countries in the world, with poorer regions being particularly more disadvantaged to efficiently mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. In the absence of efficient therapeutics or vaccines, control strategies are currently based on non-pharmaceutical interventions, comprising changes in population behavior and governmental interventions, among which the prohibition of mass gatherings, closure of non-essential establishments, quarantine and movement restrictions. In this work we analyzed the effects of 547 published governmental interventions, and population adherence thereof, on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases across all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities. A generalized SEIR model with a time-varying transmission rate (TR), that considers transmission by asymptomatic individuals, is presented. Confirmed COVID-19 cases were used to calibrate the model parameters using non-linear least squares methods. We analyze the changes on the TR and effective reproduction number as a function of both the extent of enforced measures across Brazilian states as well as population movement. The social mobility reduction index, a measure of population movement, together with the stringency index, adapted to incorporate the degree of restrictions imposed by governmental regulations, were used in conjunction to quantify and compare the effects of varying degrees of policy strictness across Brazilian states. Our results show that population adherence to social distance recommendations plays an important role for the effectiveness of interventions, and represents a major challenge to the control of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 id: cord-309946-1j8ewpcf author: Jorge-Pérez, Pablo title: Recomendaciones en reanimación cardiopulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 1813.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309946-1j8ewpcf.txt summary: RESUMEN La atención a la parada cardiorrespiratoria en una situación de elevada contagiosidad, como la pandemia por COVID-19, puede condicionar una serie de medidas con el fin de garantizar por un lado, una actuación precoz y eficaz y por otro, una adecuada protección y seguridad de reanimadores, paciente y entorno. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP) de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, y tras analizar la situación actual, hemos decidido elaborar este documento con el fin de resumir de forma práctica las principales recomendaciones en el contexto de la RCP durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recientemente se han publicado algunas consideraciones sobre cómo atender a los pacientes con PCR durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de las que se pueden extraer los siguientes puntos clave 8 : -Identificación de la PCR: se debe valorar el estado de conciencia evitando la aproximación a la vía aérea. abstract: RESUMEN La atención a la parada cardiorrespiratoria en una situación de elevada contagiosidad, como la pandemia por COVID-19, puede condicionar una serie de medidas con el fin de garantizar por un lado, una actuación precoz y eficaz y por otro, una adecuada protección y seguridad de reanimadores, paciente y entorno. Desde el Grupo de Trabajo de Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP) de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología, y tras analizar la situación actual, hemos decidido elaborar este documento con el fin de resumir de forma práctica las principales recomendaciones en el contexto de la RCP durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Estas recomendaciones pueden estar sujetas a cambios posteriores, fruto de la progresiva evidencia y aprendizaje que hemos ido adquiriendo en esta etapa. ABSTRACT Attention to cardiac arrest in a highly contagious situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic may condition some focused measures, on the one hand, prior and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) action, in the other hand an adequate protection and safety of rescuers, patients and the environment. From the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Working Group of the Spanish Society of Cardiology, after analyzing the current situation, we have decided to prepare this document in order to summarize in a practical way the main recommendations in the context of CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic. These recommendations may be subject to subsequent changes, as a result of the progression of the evidence and the learning that we have acquired at this stage. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2605153220300431 doi: 10.1016/j.rccl.2020.04.005 id: cord-346787-uo8k6qic author: Jorgensen, Sarah CJ title: Remdesivir: Review of pharmacology, pre‐clinical data and emerging clinical experience for COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 5476.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346787-uo8k6qic.txt summary: 3 The remdesivir dosing regimen being evaluated in clinical trials (200 mg IV on day 1, then 100 mg IV on days 2 through 5 or 10) was substantiated by in vitro data and bridging the PK with the rhesus monkey experience to humans. Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment significantly reduced MERS-CoV-induced clinical signs, viral titers in respiratory specimens and the severity of lung lesions compared to control animals. 14 In the SARS-CoV-2 study, remdesivir was again initiated shortly before viral titers are expected to peak at 12 hours post-inoculation and a dosing regimen equivalent to the regimen being tested in human COVID-19 clinical trials was used (10 mg/kg load ~ 200 mg in humans, then 5 mg/kg daily ~ 100mg daily in humans x 6 days). In a summary of safety data reported by the FDA from the a remdesivir clinical trial comparing 5 and 10day treatment courses in patients with COVID-19, Grade 3 and 4 ALT and/or AST elevations occurred in 7% patients. abstract: The global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has created an urgent need for effective antivirals. Remdesivir (formerly GS‐5734) is a nucleoside analogue pro‐drug currently being evaluated in COVID‐19 clinical trials. Its unique structural features allow high concentrations of the active triphosphate metabolite to be delivered intracellularly and it evades proofreading to successfully inhibit viral RNA synthesis. In pre‐clinical models, remdesivir has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against diverse human and zoonotic β‐coronaviruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2. In this article we critically review available data on remdesivir with an emphasis on biochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and in vitro activity against coronaviruses as well as clinical experience and current progress in COVID‐19 clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2429 doi: 10.1002/phar.2429 id: cord-344647-jr85915d author: Joseph, Adrien title: Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-03 words: 3537.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344647-jr85915d.txt summary: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection but data are scarce in ICUs. AKI has been previously reported with an average incidence of 11% (8-17%) overall, with highest ranges in the critically ill (23%; 14-35%) [2] [3] [4] . Different applications of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for AKI, in particular different methods to estimate missing baseline creatinine and handling urinary output, can cause important variations of estimated incidence [5, 6] and may contribute to the discrepancies among these studies. High levels of IL-6 have been associated with the development of severe disease [24, 25] and acute respiratory distress syndrome [8] during COVID-19 infection, but the role of inflammation markers in COVID-19-induced-AKI remains speculative [7] . Our study suggests a tremendously high incidence of AKI in our cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, along with an independent association between AKI and outcome. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple mechanisms are involved in COVID-19-associated AKI, from direct viral infection and secondary inflammation to complement activation and microthrombosis. However, data are limited in critically-ill patients. In this study, we sought to describe the prevalence, risk factors and prognostic impact of AKI in this setting. METHODS: Retrospective monocenter study including adult patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ICU of our university Hospital. AKI was defined according to both urinary output and creatinine KDIGO criteria. RESULTS: Overall, 100 COVID-19 patients were admitted. AKI occurred in 81 patients (81%), including 44, 10 and 27 patients with AKI stage 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The severity of AKI was associated with mortality at day 28 (p = 0.013). Before adjustment, the third fraction of complement (C3), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ferritin levels were higher in AKI patients. After adjustment for confounders, both severity (modified SOFA score per point) and AKI were associated with outcome. When forced in the final model, C3 (OR per log 0.25; 95% CI 0.01–4.66), IL-6 (OR per log 0.83; 95% CI 0.51–1.34), or ferritin (OR per log 1.63; 95% CI 0.84–3.32) were not associated with AKI and did not change the model. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we did not find any association between complement activation or inflammatory markers and AKI. Proportion of patients with AKI during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher than previously reported and associated with outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880774/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00734-z id: cord-271944-oxtus5vb author: Joseph, Rudman title: Seizure And COVID-19: Association and Review of Potential Mechanism date: 2020-10-13 words: 2360.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271944-oxtus5vb.txt summary: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, this highly transmissible virus has since spread rapidly around the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a novel coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID19) , a disease that can present with a variety of symptoms [1] . The most common symptoms at the onset of COVID-19 illness are fever, cough, and fatigue; in severe cases, patients may develop severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and organ failure [4] . This article presents a review of the current literature on seizures linked with SARS-COV 2 infection and describes possible underlying mechanisms. describes the demographic data, time to onset of neurological symptoms, diagnostic criteria, intervention, and outcomes from 11 studies of seizures associated with SARS-COV-2 infection. abstract: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, this highly transmissible virus has since spread rapidly around the world. Though respiratory complication is the primarily reported manifestation though rare, yet serious neurological complications are being frequently reported in the literature. In selected coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases neurologic complications may manifest as seizures. In this paper, we have reviewed current literature on seizures linked with SARS- COV 2 infection including published or pre-print original articles, review articles, and case reports. We have discussed the electroencephalogram (EEG), imaging, and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with seizure. We will be concluding the paper by briefly discussing the three possible seizure development mechanisms in patients infected with SARS- COV 2, which includes - (a) Direct Mechanism (b) Indirect Mechanism and (c) Exacerbation of Seizure in Patients with Epilepsy (PWE). Our aim is to update the physicians working with COVID-19 patients about this potential complication and hope that understanding of these proposed mechanisms can provide an opportunity for the physicians for early diagnosis or even better, help prevent this complication. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071468/ doi: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.10.001 id: cord-292826-lus0tqmi author: Joseph, Tony title: Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal date: 2020-06-12 words: 1267.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292826-lus0tqmi.txt summary: Injury 51 (2020) [1245] [1246] Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Injury journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/injury Editorial Trauma care in a low-COVID pandemic environment: A new normal A pandemic is defined as an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly over a wide geographical area and infects a high proportion of a population. As we have seen with the current COVID-19 pandemic, some countries have managed to control spread early (eg Taiwan, Singapore, New Zealand and Australia) by immediate action involving physical distancing, widespread testing, contact tracing, isolation of positive cases and supportive treatment. Current recommendations [5] for the management of injured patients in a COVID-19 environment include bypassing the Emergency Department for uncomplicated injuries, minimising invasive procedures, in particular those that are AGPs, and providing surgical treatment that is only absolutely essential. Editorial / Injury 51 (2020) [1245] [1246] The COVID 19 pandemic presents challenges for trauma clinicians with the ongoing risk of virus transmission for both patients and clinical staff which will need to be managed over the coming months or longer. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32540094/ doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.05.041 id: cord-028557-68jypaaw author: Joshi, Jaiteerth R. title: COVSACK: an innovative portable isolated and safe COVID-19 sample collection kiosk with automatic disinfection date: 2020-07-05 words: 3791.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028557-68jypaaw.txt summary: The possible reasons for the virus transmission to the healthcare worker could be due to (1) lack of sufficient quantity of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the most infected places; (2) PPE provided not meeting the quality standard requirements; (3) inadequate or unsuitable isolation chambers for testing of suspected patients; and (4) prevailing unhygienic conditions in the facilities where COVID-19 positive patients are treated. The healthcare worker who is standing outside the chamber inserts his hands through the long cuff gloves and collects the sample from either nose or throat of COVID-19 patient. At the deployed hospital, the first prototype COVSACK unit stands to be highly effective in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 virus to healthcare workers during sample collection from suspected persons, due its in-built features such as air tightness, use of long cuff gloves and automatic disinfectant spraying followed by thorough water flushing after each patient exits the kiosk. abstract: The Corona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the significant medical disaster that changed the life of humankind in the 21st century. The deadly virus is transmittable from infected person, through his nasal droplets, to surrounding people among whom, the healthcare personnel are the utmost affected. The present article brings out an innovative chamber, which is used for collection of throat, or nasal swabs/samples for diagnosis of COVID-19 suspected persons. The chamber, called COVid SAmple Collection Kiosk (COVSACK), eliminates the transmission of the deadly virus to the health care personnel while collecting the sample. The kiosk is designed based on CFD simulations for effective spread of disinfectant in fine droplet form, built with a lightweight composite that is sustainable in extreme weather conditions and the kiosk can be easily sanitized within 3 min after sample collection. The chamber is first positioned in ESI Hospital, Hyderabad, and other hospitals and diagnostics centres across India, extensively being used for testing the COVID-19 patients at a faster rate, with a drastic reduction in use of personal protection equipment (PPE). This technological innovation, to certain extent, has changed the way the testing of COVID-19 patients carried out in the country. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335413/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00139-1 id: cord-276829-c1krlejx author: José Antonio, Soriano Sánchez title: EARLY REPORT ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN NEUROSURGICAL PRACTICE AMONG MEMBERS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETIES date: 2020-05-07 words: 1603.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276829-c1krlejx.txt summary: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe economic consequences by local governmental measures to contain the outbreak1 We provide insight on the impact that healthcare restriction has made on neurosurgical activity in Latin Iberoamerica. By using the FLANC as a 53 platform, we aimed to provide an insight on the socioeconomic impact that healthcare 54 restriction has made on Latin Iberomerican neurosurgical practice as a baseline to 55 understand the potential financial burden it will imply (especially to other physicians 56 involved in non-essential treatment) in terms of sustainability if these measures are to be 57 overcome) this crisis. The medical praxis has also been affected, as the World Health Organization has 181 recommended reducing activity with the advance of epidemy in local countries to provide 182 essential care to give the best use of resources to contain the outbreak and reduce infection 183 rates 5 . abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe economic consequences by local governmental measures to contain the outbreak1 We provide insight on the impact that healthcare restriction has made on neurosurgical activity in Latin Iberoamerica. METHODS: We performed an internet-based survey among Presidents and Members of the Societies of the Latin American Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (FLANC). We blindly analyzed information about local conditions and their impact on neurosurgical praxis using SPSS® software. Results Information came from 21 countries. Sixteen Society Presidents reported having suspended regular activities, and differing local scheduled congresses, fourteen reported mandatory isolation by government, and four instituted a telemedicine project. Four-hundred eighty-six colleagues, mean age 49 years, reported a mean 79% reduction in their neurosurgical praxis. Seventy-six percent of neurosurgeons had savings to self-support for 3-6 months, if restrictions are long lasting. Conclusions Stopping activities among Societies of the FLANC, together with a drop of 79% of neurosurgical praxis, adds to deficits in provider´s protection equipment and increasing demand for attention in the healthcare systems; representing a huge financial risk for their sustainability. Neurosurgeons should involve in local policies to protect health and economy. Telemedicine represents an excellent solution, avoiding another pandemic of severe diseases across all-specialties as non-essential care can turn essential if left untreated. Financial support and ethics code review is needed to battle this new disease, designated the occupational disease of the decade, that continues to struggle the healthcare systems. Times of crisis are times of great opportunities for humanity to evolve. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875020309360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.226 id: cord-318038-psultpzy author: José Concepción Zavaleta, Marcio title: Diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country date: 2020-08-25 words: 545.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318038-psultpzy.txt summary: We read with interest the study published by Goldman et al [1] , who identified four patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) resistant to standard therapy that was triggered by COVID-19 and was associated with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 triggers DKA has not been fully elucidated; however, it has been shown that it uses the receptor for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a gateway, which is expressed in the intestine, kidney, and pancreas [3] , organs that are part of the "egregious eleven," the pathophysiological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus [4] . This damage can be expressed by an elevation of pancreatic enzyme levels in patients with COVID-19 [5] ; however, DKA itself can present with elevated pancreatic enzyme levels in 16%-25% of cases [6] . Likewise, a state of insulin resistance triggered by COVID-19 has been described, which, together with pancreatic injury, contributes to an increased risk of hyperglycemic crisis in patients with diabetes [3] . High prevalence of COVID-19-associated diabetic ketoacidosis in UK secondary care abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720306446 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108391 id: cord-356195-5pcaxpp9 author: Jothimani, Dinesh title: COVID-19 and Liver. date: 2020-06-15 words: 3969.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356195-5pcaxpp9.txt summary: Similar to SARS Co-V, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 (ACE2) appears to be the susceptible receptor for COVID-19 and is expressed in more than 80% of alveolar cells in the lungs. Interestingly, the level of ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes was similar to type 2 alveolar cells of the lungs, indicating that the liver could be a potential target for SARS-CoV-2. Summary of recently published studies are in described in Table 2 With the knowledge of current evidence, it is clear that elevated liver enzymes are observed predominantly severe and critical cases of COVID-19 compared to mild infection. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection abstract: The current pandemic coronavirus labelled as Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS -CoV-2) is a significant public health threat over for past few weeks. Overall case fatality rates range between 2-6%; however, the rates are higher in patients with severe disease, advanced age and underlying comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Recent reports showed about 2-11% of patients with COVID-19 had underlying chronic liver disease. Experience from previous SARS epidemic suggest that 60% of patients developed various degrees of liver damage. In the current pandemic, hepatic dysfunction was seen in 14-53% of patients with COVID-19, particularly in those with severe disease. Cases of acute liver injury have been reported, associated with higher mortality. Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 could be multifactorial related to any of direct cytopathic effect of the virus, uncontrolled immune reaction, sepsis or drug induced liver injury. The postulated mechanism of viral entry is through the host ACE2 receptors that are abundantly present in type 2 alveolar cells. Interestingly, the expression of ACE2 receptors were identified in the gastrointestinal tract, vascular endothelium and cholangiocytes of the liver. Liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 have been reported recently. Effects of COVID-19 on underlying chronic liver disease requires a detailed evaluation and currently data is lacking and further research is warranted in this area. With lack of definitive therapy, patient education, hand hygiene and social distancing appears to be the cornerstone in minimising the disease spread. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168827820303779 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.006 id: cord-301723-zz24wmv7 author: Jotz, Geraldo Pereira title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? date: 2020-06-23 words: 1374.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt summary: title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? We recommend using masks to self-protect and to protect others around, during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly in inside closed spaces as buildings and malls. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has standardized N95 face masks (►Figure 1). 12 The use of medical masks in the city, nonetheless, may create a false sense of security, with neglect of other essential measures, such as hand hygiene practices and physical distancing, and may lead to touching the face under the masks and under the eyes. 13 For any type of mask, appropriate use and disposal are essential to ensure that they are effective and to avoid any increase in transmission. Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective Jotz, Bittencourt Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713588 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713588 id: cord-304327-mtkgr542 author: Jouffroy, Romain title: Prehospital pulse oximetry: a red flag for early detection of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-08 words: 650.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304327-mtkgr542.txt summary: Based on retrospective data, we aimed to describe the discrepancy between prehospital initial RR (RRi) and initial SpO2 (Spo2i; i.e., before oxygen supplementation, FiO2 = 21%) in COVID-19 patients suffering from ARF. After having measured the SpO2i/RRi values in COVID-19 patients, we compared them to those of non-COVID-19 patients (i.e., patients with other causes of ARF treated by the BLS teams over the previous 3 years in the same period). In summary, this retrospective study based on prehospital first responder data highlighted a relatively higher discrepancy between SpO2i and RRi in COVID-19 ARF patients, in comparison with previous non-COVID-19 ARF patients. Fig. 1 Scatter plot representing the initial SPO2 (SPO2i) and initial respiration rate (RRi) values for each patient, for COVID-19 (March 2020) and non-COVID-19 patients from the previous 3 years. RRi, initial respiratory rate; SpO2i, initial pulse oximetry value; N, number of patients included abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03036-9 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03036-9 id: cord-315634-fkm6slkc author: Jouffroy, Romain title: Hypoxemia Index Associated with Prehospital Intubation in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-20 words: 4054.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315634-fkm6slkc.txt summary: In the present study, we report the relationship between COVID-19 patients intubated in the prehospital setting by a Paris Fire Brigade advanced life support team and the Hypoxemia Index (HI), defined as the ratio between initial pulse oximetry and initial respiratory rate. From ALS prehospital medical reports, we retrieved the patients'' demographic characteristics (age and gender), medical history (previous hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, stroke, immunosuppression, asthma, and active smoking), initial (i.e., at the first medical contact) prehospital vital sign values (systolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS)), and record of administered prehospital treatments (oxygen modality and catecholamine type and dose). Third, we assessed the relationship between HI and prehospital intubation using logistic regression-including the following potential confounders: age, hypertension, cardiopathy, coronaropathy, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, immunosuppression, asthma, active smoking, systolic blood pressure, and HR-based on previous studies and physiopathological knowledge [6, 9, 11, 19, 20] . abstract: Background: There exists a need for prognostic tools for the early identification of COVID-19 patients requiring prehospital intubation. Here we investigated the association between a prehospital Hypoxemia Index (HI) and the need for intubation among COVID-19 patients in the prehospital setting. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 patients initially cared for by a Paris Fire Brigade advanced life support (ALS) team in the prehospital setting between 8th March and 18th April of 2020. We assessed the association between HI and prehospital intubation using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and logistic regression model analysis after propensity score matching. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: We analyzed 300 consecutive COVID-19 patients (166 males (55%); mean age, 64 ± 18 years). Among these patients, 45 (15%) were deceased on the scene, 34 (11%) had an active care restriction, and 18 (6%) were intubated in the prehospital setting. The mean HI value was 3.4 ± 1.9. HI was significantly associated with prehospital intubation (OR, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.12–0.41, p < 10(−3)) with a corresponding area under curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.98). HI significantly differed between patients with and without prehospital intubation (1.0 ± 1.0 vs. 3.6 ± 1.8, respectively; p < 10(−3)). ROC curve analysis defined the optimal HI threshold as 1.3. Bivariate analysis revealed that HI <1.3 was significantly, positively associated with prehospital intubation (OR, 38.38; 95% CI: 11.57–146.54; p < 10(−3)). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that prehospital intubation was significantly associated with HI (adjusted odds ratio (ORa), 0.20; 95% CI: 0.06–0.45; p < 10(−3)) and HI <3 (ORa, 51.08; 95% CI: 7.83–645.06; p < 10(−3)). After adjustment for confounders, the ORa between HI <1.3 and prehospital intubation was 3.6 (95% CI: 1.95–5.08; p < 10(−3)). Conclusion: An HI of <1.3 was associated with a 3-fold increase in prehospital intubation among COVID-19 patients. HI may be a useful tool to facilitate decision-making regarding prehospital intubation of COVID-19 patients initially cared for by a Paris Fire Brigade ALS team. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962227/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9093025 id: cord-322714-s0wge7o4 author: Joyner, Michael J. title: Safety Update: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 20,000 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-07-19 words: 3291.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322714-s0wge7o4.txt summary: Recently, our investigation of key safety indicators in 5,000 patients transfused with COVID-19 convalescent plasma demonstrated an incidence of transfusion-related serious adverse events (SAE) of less than 1% and a mortality rate of 14.9% 10 . Web-based, standardized data reporting surveys were completed to assess clinical status of patients at regular time intervals (four-hours and seven-days after convalescent plasma transfusion) using the Research Electronic Data Capture system (REDCap, v.9.1.15 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) 14, 15 . In this safety update of the US Convalescent Plasma Expanded Access Program of 20,000 hospitalized patients in the US with severe or life-threatening COVID-19, the overall frequency of SAEs classified as attributable or likely secondary to convalescent plasma transfusion continued to be low (<1% of all transfusions) and the seven-day mortality rate in this extremely high risk cohort was 8.6%. abstract: Abstract Objective To provide an update on key safety metrics after transfusion of convalescent plasma in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, having previously demonstrated safety in 5,000 hospitalized patients. Patients and Methods From April 3 to June 2, 2020, the US FDA Expanded Access Program for COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfused a convenience sample of 20,000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Results The incidence of all serious adverse events was low; these included transfusion reactions (n=89; <1%), thromboembolic or thrombotic events (n=87; <1%), and cardiac events (n=680, ∼3%). Notably, the vast majority of the thromboembolic or thrombotic events (n=55) and cardiac events (n=562) were judged to be unrelated to the plasma transfusion per se. The seven-day mortality rate was 8.6% (8.2%, 9.0%), and was higher among more critically-ill patients relative to less ill counterparts, including patients admitted to the intensive care unit vs. not admitted (10.5% vs. 6.0%), mechanically ventilated vs. not ventilated (12.1% vs. 6.2%), and with septic shock or multiple organ dysfunction/failure vs. those without dysfunction/failure (14.0% vs. 7.6%). Conclusion These updated data provide robust evidence that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and support the notion that earlier administration of plasma within the clinical course of COVID-19 is more likely to reduce mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025619620306510?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.028 id: cord-251959-3j4bqub4 author: Jozaghi, Ehsan title: COVID-19 and people who use drugs: a call for action date: 2020-05-13 words: 682.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251959-3j4bqub4.txt summary: However, we would like to raise concern about the state of social care and housing for marginalized people who use drugs and how COVID-19 could cause devastation if effective preventive measures fail to be implemented. At the same time, the housing available for people who use drugs (PWUDs) often includes shared bathrooms, kitchens, and other facilities that could increase the risk of an outbreak if preventive measures are not considered. Similarly, we urge the health agencies to plan and find appropriate physical spaces for PWUDs when they become infected with COVID-19 because all of the protective measures listed above will be inefficient if infected PWUDs are left in shelters, homeless camps, or single room occupancy locations where other vulnerable people are also housed. The city of Victoria, BC, for example, passed an emergency resolution calling on the government in BC to use emergency powers to utilize empty hotels and motels for vulnerable homeless populations as a self-isolation measure during the COVID-19 pandemic (The Canadian Press 2020). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32406015/ doi: 10.17269/s41997-020-00326-1 id: cord-351930-puhm3w42 author: Juan, J. title: Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review of 266 Pregnancies date: 2020-05-06 words: 4503.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351930-puhm3w42.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: medRxiv preprint are fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue; third, on admission, most cases have patchy shadowing or ground-glass opacity on CT of the chest, and that normal or low leukocyte, lymphocytopenia and raised CRP are the most common laboratory findings observed in COVID-19-infected pregnant patients; fourth, the rate of severe COVID-19 pneumonia is relatively low but there are two reported maternal deaths, as of April 23, 2020; fifth, COVID-19 does not appear to increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia; sixth, only a few pregnancies have resulted in a spontaneous miscarriage or abortion; seventh, of those who have delivered, the gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks and the majority of cases have had Cesarean delivery; and eighth, in the case-series there have been no reported cases of neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, however, in the case-reports there has been one case each with positive SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and neonatal throat swab. abstract: Objective: To perform a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID-19 to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Data until April 20, 2020 (studies were identified through PubMed alert after April 20, 2020). For the research strategy, combinations of the following keywords and MeSH terms were used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, pregnancy, gestation, maternal, mothers, vertical transmission, maternal-fetal transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, infant, delivery. Eligibility criteria included laboratory-confirmed and/or clinically diagnosed COVID-19, patient was pregnant on admission, availability of clinical characteristics, including maternal, perinatal or neonatal outcomes. Exclusion criteria were unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study or suspicion of duplicate reporting, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes. No language restrictions were applied. Results: We identified several case-reports and case-series but only 19 studies, including a total of 266 pregnant women with COVID-19, met eligibility criteria and were finally included in the review. In the combined data from seven case-series, the maternal age ranged from 20 to 41 years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 to 41 weeks. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath and fatigue. The rate of severe pneumonia was relatively low, with the majority of the cases requiring intensive care unit admission. Almost all cases from the case-series had positive computer tomography chest findings. There were six and 22 cases that had nucleic-acid testing in vaginal mucus and breast milk samples, respectively, which were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only a few cases had spontaneous miscarriage or abortion. 177 cases had delivered, of which the majority by Cesarean section. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41 weeks. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes ranged from 7 to 10 and 8 to 10, respectively. A few neonates had birthweight less than 2500 grams and over one-third of cases were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit. There was one case each of neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death. There were 113 neonates that had nucleic-acid testing in throat swab, which was negative for SARS-CoV-2. From the case-reports, two maternal deaths among pregnant women with COVID-19 were reported. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of nonpregnant adults with COVID-19. Currently, there is no evidence that pregnant women with COVID-19 are more prone to develop severe pneumonia, in comparison to nonpregnant patients. The subject of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial and more data is needed to investigate this possibility. Most importantly, in order to collect meaningful pregnancy and perinatal outcome data, we urge researchers and investigators to reference previously published cases in their publications and to record such reporting when the data of a case is being entered into a registry or several registries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088484 id: cord-325901-gucnce1f author: Juanjuan, Li title: Patient reported outcomes of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in the epicenter of China: A cross sectional survey study date: 2020-06-07 words: 3017.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325901-gucnce1f.txt summary: All the enrolled patients signed digital informed consent before accessing to the questionnaire online, consisting of a series of questions including demographic characteristics, clinical features of breast cancer, current treatment and patient reported outcomes using four validated psychological assessment scales. Patients with Wuhan exposure, poor general condition by self-identification, treatment discontinuation, and had metastatic breast cancer were more likely to report experiencing severe symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and distress (Table 3, Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients with Wuhan exposure (P=0.014), poor general condition by self-identification (P=0.008), less than 4 months after BC diagnosis (P=0.003), aggressive BC molecular subtypes (P=0.014), treatment discontinuation (P=0.003), CVC flushing delay exceeding 4 weeks (P=0.032), and close contact with COVID-19 patient (P=0.006) were more likely to report moderate and severe anxiety symptoms (Supplementary Figure 2A Figure 3B ). abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the psychological status in breast cancer (BC) patients in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 658 individuals were recruited from multiple breast cancer centers in Hubei Province. Online questionnaires were conducted, and included demographic information, clinical features, and four Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) scales (GAP-7, PHQ-9, ISI, and IES-R). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was designed to identify potential factors on mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Questionnaires were collected from February 16 to 19, 2020, the peak time point of COVID-19 outbreak in China. 46.2% BC patients had to modify planned necessary anti-cancer treatment during the outbreak. 8.9% and 9.3% patients reported severe anxiety and severe depression, respectively. 20.8% and 4.0% patients showed severe distress and insomnia, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated poor general condition, shorter duration after BC diagnosis, aggressive BC molecular subtypes and close contact with COVID-19 patients as independent factors associated with anxiety. Poor general condition and CVC (central venous catheter) flushing delay were independently association factors depression. In terms of insomnia, poor generation condition was the only associated independent factor. Poor physical condition and treatment discontinuation were underlying risk factors for distress based on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: High rates of anxiety, depression, distress, and insomnia were observed in patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak. Special attention should be paid to psychological status of breast cancer patients especially those with poor general condition, treatment discontinuation, aggressive molecular subtypes and metastatic breast cancer. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1526820920301476 doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.06.003 id: cord-291687-kwu0otpi author: Judson, Gregory L. title: Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-13 words: 5569.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291687-kwu0otpi.txt summary: A review of 44,672 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Wuhan, China, demonstrated increased mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (10.5%), diabetes (7.3%), and hypertension (6%), which was significantly higher than the overall case-fatality rate of 2.3% [22] . These initial cases series have shown a similar relationship between underlying cardiac comorbidities with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and obesity in patients requiring mechanical ventilation [24] . Early studies reported a prevalence of acute cardiac injury of 12% in the entire cohort as defined by either high sensitivity troponin (Hs Tn) or the MB fraction of creatinine kinase (CK-MB) [ 99 th percentile or new echocardiographic or electrocardiographic abnormalities with greater elevations in cardiac biomarkers among patients requiring ICU care [1, 20] . Case cohort studies included data in patients for whom the outcome and illness course helped further elucidate the role of cardiac injury in COVID-19 disease. abstract: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has profoundly impacted all fields of medicine. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome has multiorgan effects. The pandemic has united researchers from bench to bedside in attempts to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and define optimal treatment strategies. Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and a leading cause of death across gender, race, and ethnic groups. As the pandemic spreads, there is increasing concern about the cardiovascular effects of the viral infection and the interaction of infection with existing cardiovascular disease. Additionally, there are concerns about the cardiac effects of the numerous treatment agents under study. It will be essential for cardiologists to understand the interplay between underlying cardiac comorbidities, acute cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 disease, and adverse effects of new treatments. Here we describe emerging evidence of the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and underlying cardiovascular disease, the evidence for direct myocardial injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the specific presentations of cardiovascular involvement by SARS-CoV-2, and the cardiac effects of emerging treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-020-00184-5 doi: 10.1007/s40119-020-00184-5 id: cord-254456-d79z01jh author: Juergens, Carsten title: Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps date: 2020-10-23 words: 2540.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254456-d79z01jh.txt summary: title: Trustworthy COVID-19 Mapping: Geo-spatial Data Literacy Aspects of Choropleth Maps Since the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is a global phenomenon, many scientists and research organizations create thematic maps to visualize and understand the spatial spread of the disease and to inform mankind. GIS and web-mapping technologies play an essential role to provide rapid visualization of the geo-spatial spread of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. Zhou et al. There are many options to influence the information content and the appearance of a thematic map and its readability, e.g., by choosing colors, line styles, text styles, symbol styles or its scale (Juergens 2020) . This paper intends to raise the reader''s awareness against the influencing factors that can distort the information content of choropleth map data. "[…] a strong Fig. 2 Thematic map of COVID-19 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Germany on July 6, 2020 based on states (left) and counties (right) (Robert Koch Institut 2020) (Legend shows color and value ranges per class). abstract: Since the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is a global phenomenon, many scientists and research organizations create thematic maps to visualize and understand the spatial spread of the disease and to inform mankind. Nowadays, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and web mapping technologies enable people to create digital maps on demand. This fosters the permanent update of COVID-19 map products, even by non-cartographers, and their publication in news, media and scientific publications. With the ease and speed of map-making, many map creators seem to forget about the fundamental principles of good and easy-to-read thematic choropleth maps, which requires geo-spatial data literacy. Geo-spatial data literacy is an important skill, to be able to judge the reliability of spatial data, and to create ingenuous thematic maps. This contribution intends to make people of disciplines other than those that are map-related aware of the power of thematic maps and how one can create trustworthy thematic maps instead of misleading thematic maps which could, in a worst case, lead to misinterpretation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134849/ doi: 10.1007/s42489-020-00057-w id: cord-344911-pw0ghz3m author: July, Julius title: Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care date: 2020-07-22 words: 2123.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344911-pw0ghz3m.txt summary: title: Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis: COVID-19 and Stroke Care BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke care, including the number of stroke alerts/codes, number of reperfusions, and number of thrombectomies during the pandemic compared to those during the pre-pandemic period. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of this pandemic on stroke care, including the number of stroke alerts/codes, number of reperfusions, and number of thrombectomies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Meta-analysis of proportion was used to determine the number of stroke alerts/codes, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies during the pandemic compared to that during the historical pre-pandemic control period. A meta-analysis of 9 studies showed that the number of stroke alerts/codes, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies was less during the pandemic period than during the prepandemic period. abstract: BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on stroke care, including the number of stroke alerts/codes, number of reperfusions, and number of thrombectomies during the pandemic compared to those during the pre-pandemic period. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, EuropePMC, and Cochrane Central databases. The data of interest were the number of strokes, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies during the COVID-19 pandemic versus that during the pre-pandemic period (in a historical comparator group over a specified period of same period length). RESULTS: The study included 59,233 subjects from 9 studies. Meta-analysis showed that the number of stroke alerts during the pandemic was 64% (56-71%) of that during the pre-pandemic period. The number of reperfusion therapies during the pandemic was 69% (61-77%) of that during the pre-pandemic period. Pooled analysis showed that the number of mechanical thrombectomies performed during the pandemic was 78% (75-80%) of that during the pre-pandemic period. The number of mechanical thrombectomies per stroke patient was higher during the pandemic (OR 1.23 [1.12-1.36], p<0.001; I(2): 0%, p=0.845). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that the number of stroke alerts, reperfusions, and mechanical thrombectomies was reduced by 36%, 31%, and 22%, respectively, during the pandemic. However, the number of patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy per stroke increased. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066894/ doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105185 id: cord-301083-nnh95i0k author: Jumreornvong, Oranicha title: Telemedicine and Medical Education in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 4230.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301083-nnh95i0k.txt summary: Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Videoconferencing technologies, such as Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), can aid in the incorporation of case-based discussions, short didactic presentations, and real-time evaluations to educate future providers in underserved areas or global settings on remote care. 26 They could use the following learning vehicles to help medical students explore these domains: (1) asynchronous lectures covering telehealth history; (2) discussions on applications, ethics, safety, etiquette, and patient considerations; (3) faculty-supervised standardized patient telehealth encounters; and (4) hands-on diagnostic or therapeutic procedures using telehealth equipment such as live video, the store-and-forward method, remote patient monitoring (RPM), and mobile health. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has offered medical schools an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine training into the curricula in a timely and practical manner. Telemedicine has grown exponentially in the United States, and the shift toward remote care to align with social distancing guidelines is fueling this growth. Training medical students to deliver high-quality, secure, and personalized health care through telemedicine will prepare the next generation of physicians to conscientiously use these technologies and meet a growing need for telehealth services. Telemedicine-specific educational goals can be incorporated into curricula and integrated with existing clinical experiences to provide students with core telemedicine and clinical skills to prepare them for current and future pandemics. Medical educators could explore 5 major telemedicine domains: (1) access to care, (2) cost, (3) cost-effectiveness, (4) patient experience, and (5) clinician experience. Schools could use the following learning vehicles to help medical students explore these domains: (1) asynchronous lectures covering telehealth history; (2) discussions on applications, ethics, safety, etiquette, and patient considerations; (3) faculty-supervised standardized patient telehealth encounters; and (4) hands-on diagnostic or therapeutic procedures using telehealth equipment. Incorporating telemedicine into the medical school curriculum exposes students to the application of telemedicine across specialties as well as its limitations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889946/ doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003711 id: cord-318458-jadk2qbm author: Jung, Chan-Young title: Association between Body Mass Index and Risk of COVID-19: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in South Korea date: 2020-08-25 words: 3657.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318458-jadk2qbm.txt summary: METHODS: We examined the association between BMI level and the risk of COVID-19 infection in a nationwide case-control study comprised of 3,788 case patients confirmed with COVID-19 between January 24 and April 9, 2020 and 15,152 controls matched by age and sex, who were aged 20 years or more and underwent National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) health examinations between 2015−2017, using data from the Korean NHIS with linkage to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, comorbidity, laboratory and medication data, there was a graded association between higher BMI levels and higher risk of COVID-19 infection; compared to normal weight individuals, the adjusted ORs in the overweight and obese individuals were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39), respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. However, whether obesity is a risk factor for contracting COVID-19 has been hardly investigated so far. METHODS: We examined the association between BMI level and the risk of COVID-19 infection in a nationwide case-control study comprised of 3,788 case patients confirmed with COVID-19 between January 24 and April 9, 2020 and 15,152 controls matched by age and sex, who were aged 20 years or more and underwent National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) health examinations between 2015−2017, using data from the Korean NHIS with linkage to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. Our primary exposure of interest was BMI level categorized into four groups; &18.5 (underweight), 18.5-22.9 (normal weight), 23-24.9 (overweight), and ≥25 kg/m (2) (obese). RESULTS: Of the entire 18,940 study population, 11,755 (62.1%) were women, and the mean (SD) age of the study participants was 53.7 (13.8) years. In multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, comorbidity, laboratory and medication data, there was a graded association between higher BMI levels and higher risk of COVID-19 infection; compared to normal weight individuals, the adjusted ORs in the overweight and obese individuals were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03-1.25) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.39), respectively. This association was robust across age and sex subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI levels were associated with higher risk of contracting COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32841322/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1257 id: cord-329925-p4hfqath author: JunziShi title: Radiology workload changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for staff redeployment date: 2020-10-02 words: 3129.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329925-p4hfqath.txt summary: Therefore, this study aimed to quantify changes in total and by-subspecialty radiology workload due to deferring non-urgent services during the initial COVID-19 pandemic, and describe operational strategies implemented due to shifts in priority. During the study period, daily productivity metrics including total numbers of radiology reports by setting (inpatient, outpatient and Emergency Department), and associated work relative value units (RVUs) were tracked by subspecialty division using a pre-existing quality and safety dashboard.(references redacted) These data were subsequently downloaded to Microsoft Excel® (2020, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). In this assessment of initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology department workload, overall report volume and associated relative value units decreased in the 5-weeks after deferments of non-urgent outpatient services and surgeries began, compared with the 5-weeks prior to initiating deferments, by 60% (p<0.001). Deferring non-urgent outpatient procedures and surgeries resulted in decreased radiology volumes, overall and by-subspecialty division, during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Rationale and Objectives: Quantify changes in total and by-subspecialty radiology workload due to deferring non-urgent services during the initial COVID-19 pandemic, and describe operational strategies implemented due to shifts in priority. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, Institutional Review Board-exempt, study was performed 2/3/2020-4/19/2020 at a large academic medical center. During March 9-15 (intervention period), non-urgent outpatient service deferments began. 5-week periods pre- (baseline) and post-intervention (COVID) were defined. Primary outcomes were radiology volume (reports per day) overall and in eleven subspecialty divisions. Linear regression assessed relationship between baseline vs. COVID volumes stratified by division. Secondary outcomes included changes in relative value units (RVUs), inpatient and outpatient volumes. Results: There were 62,791 baseline reports vs. 23,369 during COVID; a 60% overall precipitous volume decrease (p<0.001). Mean volume decrease pre- and during-COVID was significant (p<0.001) amongst all individual divisions. Mean volume decrease differed amongst divisions: Interventional Radiology experienced least disruption (29% volume decrease), 7 divisions experienced 40-60% decreases, and Musculoskeletal, Breast, and Cardiovascular imaging experienced >75% volume decrease. Total RVUs decreased 60% (71,186 baseline; 28,476 COVID). Both outpatient and inpatient report volumes decreased; 72% (41,115 baseline; 11,326 COVID) and 43% (12,626 baseline vs. 6,845 COVID), respectively. In labor pool tracking data, 21.8% (162/744) total radiology employees were reassigned to other hospital duties during the intervention period. Conclusion: Precipitous radiology workload reductions impacted subspecialty divisions with marked variation. Data-driven operational decisions during COVID-19 assisted workflow and staffing assignment changes. Ongoing adjustments will be needed as healthcare systems transition operations to a ‘new normal’. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036897/ doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.008 id: cord-258084-nkr3lrov author: Juthani, Prerak title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Manifestation as Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young, Healthy Male date: 2020-07-11 words: 1753.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258084-nkr3lrov.txt summary: In this case report, we describe a 29-year-old nonobese hospital food service associate who presented with diffuse abdominal and chest pain; he was found to be positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significantly elevated levels of troponin T and multiple acute phase reactants; his EKG demonstrated ST-elevations consistent with anterolateral infarction. In this case report, we discuss a young patient who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently developed significant cardiovascular complications. We believe that this case is unique because this was a young, athletic patient with minimal risk factors for coronary disease who tested positive for COVID-19 and developed an acute MI with STEMI and required stent placement. It is a reminder to us that cardiovascular complications must be considered in the COVID-19 population, even in those patients with minimal risk factors for heart disease. abstract: Although a large part of the symptomology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been attributed to its effects in the lungs, the virus has also been shown to cause extensive cardiovascular complications in a small subset of patients. In this case report, we describe a 29-year-old nonobese hospital food service associate who presented with diffuse abdominal and chest pain; he was found to be positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with significantly elevated levels of troponin T and multiple acute phase reactants; his EKG demonstrated ST-elevations consistent with anterolateral infarction. Despite having no significant past medical history or atherosclerotic risk factors, he was found to have a complete occlusion of his left anterior descending artery that required cardiac catheterization. This case demonstrates that cardiovascular complications must be considered in the COVID-19 population, even without the clear presence of other risk factors for heart disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724685/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8864985 id: cord-350062-6xsh2pis author: Juul, Sophie title: Interventions for treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (The LIVING Project) date: 2020-09-17 words: 9044.0 sentences: 485.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350062-6xsh2pis.txt summary: Meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses showed that we could exclude the possibility that hydroxychloroquine versus standard care reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97–1.19; p = 0.17; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) and serious adverse events (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.18; p = 0.21; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) by 20% or more, and meta-analysis showed evidence of a harmful effect on nonserious adverse events (RR 2.40; 95% CI 2.01–2.87; p < 0.00001; I(2) = 90%; 6 trials; very low certainty). Random-effects meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between lopinavir-ritonavir versus standard care on serious adverse events (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.39-1.04; p = 0.07, I 2 = 0%; 2 trials; very low certainty) (S10 Fig, S7 Table) . Random-effects meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between lopinavir-ritonavir versus standard care on adverse events not considered as serious (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.85-1.53; p = 0.38, I 2 = 75%; 2 trials; very low certainty) (S12 Fig; S7 Table) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading disease that has caused extensive burden to individuals, families, countries, and the world. Effective treatments of COVID-19 are urgently needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This is the first edition of a living systematic review of randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of all treatment interventions for participants in all age groups with COVID-19. We planned to conduct aggregate data meta-analyses, trial sequential analyses, network meta-analysis, and individual patient data meta-analyses. Our systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Cochrane guidelines, and our 8-step procedure for better validation of clinical significance of meta-analysis results. We performed both fixed-effect and random-effects meta-analyses. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes were admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, quality of life, and nonserious adverse events. We used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the certainty of evidence. We searched relevant databases and websites for published and unpublished trials until August 7, 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial methodology. We included 33 randomized clinical trials enrolling a total of 13,312 participants. All trials were at overall high risk of bias. We identified one trial randomizing 6,425 participants to dexamethasone versus standard care. This trial showed evidence of a beneficial effect of dexamethasone on all-cause mortality (rate ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.93; p < 0.001; low certainty) and on mechanical ventilation (risk ratio [RR] 0.77; 95% CI 0.62–0.95; p = 0.021; low certainty). It was possible to perform meta-analysis of 10 comparisons. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between remdesivir versus placebo on all-cause mortality (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.40–1.37; p = 0.34, I(2) = 58%; 2 trials; very low certainty) or nonserious adverse events (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–1.11; p = 0.48, I(2) = 29%; 2 trials; low certainty). Meta-analysis showed evidence of a beneficial effect of remdesivir versus placebo on serious adverse events (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.94; p = 0.009, I(2) = 0%; 2 trials; very low certainty) mainly driven by respiratory failure in one trial. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses showed that we could exclude the possibility that hydroxychloroquine versus standard care reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97–1.19; p = 0.17; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) and serious adverse events (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96–1.18; p = 0.21; I(2) = 0%; 7 trials; low certainty) by 20% or more, and meta-analysis showed evidence of a harmful effect on nonserious adverse events (RR 2.40; 95% CI 2.01–2.87; p < 0.00001; I(2) = 90%; 6 trials; very low certainty). Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between lopinavir–ritonavir versus standard care on serious adverse events (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.39–1.04; p = 0.07, I(2) = 0%; 2 trials; very low certainty) or nonserious adverse events (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.85–1.53; p = 0.38, I(2) = 75%; 2 trials; very low certainty). Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a difference between convalescent plasma versus standard care on all-cause mortality (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.33–1.10; p = 0.10, I(2) = 0%; 2 trials; very low certainty). Five single trials showed statistically significant results but were underpowered to confirm or reject realistic intervention effects. None of the remaining trials showed evidence of a difference on our predefined outcomes. Because of the lack of relevant data, it was not possible to perform other meta-analyses, network meta-analysis, or individual patient data meta-analyses. The main limitation of this living review is the paucity of data currently available. Furthermore, the included trials were all at risks of systematic errors and random errors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that dexamethasone and remdesivir might be beneficial for COVID-19 patients, but the certainty of the evidence was low to very low, so more trials are needed. We can exclude the possibility of hydroxychloroquine versus standard care reducing the risk of death and serious adverse events by 20% or more. Otherwise, no evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 currently exists. This review will continuously inform best practice in treatment and clinical research of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003293 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003293 id: cord-279132-florvm7z author: K., Branimir title: From apparent to true – from frequency to distributions (II) date: 2020-08-17 words: 2390.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279132-florvm7z.txt summary: According to Roda et al (2) , one of the main reasons for the variability in predicting the COVID-19 epidemic is the lack of data on the actual dynamics of the infection spread, which results in so-called nonidentifiability in model calibration. The authors determined the model parameters using the Bayesian approach and Markov chain Monte Carlo, and concluded that the COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan and Seattle had likely been spreading for several weeks before they became apparent and were far more extensive than initially reported. Feroze (7) used Bayesian structural time series models to investigate the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spread in India, Brazil, USA, Russia, and the UK between March 1 and June 29, 2020 to assess the impact of mitigation measures and predict the dynamics of the epidemic over the next 30 days. Dehning et al (9) used the SIR epidemiological model framework in combination with Bayesian inference to analyze the effective growth rate of the number of new cases over time. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32881438/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.381 id: cord-318675-lrrro5g9 author: KARIMI, S. M. title: Spring Weather and COVID-19 Deaths in the U.S. date: 2020-06-22 words: 9927.0 sentences: 596.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318675-lrrro5g9.txt summary: This study used statistically robust regression models to control for a large set of confounders (including county-level time-invariant factors and time trends, regional-level daily variation, state-level social distancing measures, ultraviolet light, and levels of ozone and fine particulate matter, PM2.5) to estimate a reliable rather than simple regression for the impact of weather on the most accurately measured outcome of COVID-19, death. The estimates from the first model, which include U.S.-level day fixed-effects, show that a 1°F increase in the five-day average of the daily minimum temperature was associated with a 3.8% increase in adult COVID-19 deaths in a typical U.S. county during the study period. According to the estimates from the specification with the preferred set of time-constant and time-varying controls but without other weather elements and air pollutants, Model (4), a 1°F increase in the five-day minimum temperature was associated with a 2.4% increase in county-level COVID-19 deaths during the study period ( Table 2) . abstract: This study used statistically robust regression models to control for a large set of confounders (including county-level time-invariant factors and time trends, regional-level daily variation, state-level social distancing measures, ultraviolet light, and levels of ozone and fine particulate matter, PM2.5) to estimate a reliable rather than simple regression for the impact of weather on the most accurately measured outcome of COVID-19, death. When the average minimum temperature within a five-day window increased by one degree Fahrenheit in spring 2020, daily death rates in northern U.S. counties increased by an estimated 5.1%. When ozone concentration over a five-day window rose by one part per billion, daily death rates in southern U.S. counties declined by approximately 2.0%. Maximum temperature, precipitation, PM2.5, and ultraviolet light did not significantly associate with COVID-19 mortality. The mechanism that may drive the observed association of minimum temperature on COVID-19 deaths in spring months may be increased mobility and contacts. The effect of ozone may be related to its disinfectant properties, but this requires further confirmation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.20.20136259v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.20.20136259 id: cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author: KINI, GANESH title: All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 1489.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt summary: Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the "worried well" in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China has engulfed the world in fear [1] World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [2] . Individuals who are worried about infection with the virus may not get adequate care due to disruption of mental health services during the pandemic. Some may develop avoidance behaviour and isolate themselves from family members, avoid revealing their symptoms to others, or even skip medical appointments fearing they might test positive for COVID-19 or be put in quarantine. abstract: The novel corona virus (SARS- CoV2) pandemic has created an unprecedented public health problem and a mental health crisis looms ahead. The isolation, socio-economic disruption, uncertainty and fear of contagion have led to a spike of health anxiety in the general public. Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the “worried well” in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150221/ doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605 id: cord-320877-1i0hzfjk author: KIYKAÇ ALTINBAŞ, Şadıman title: Gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the shade of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 2815.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320877-1i0hzfjk.txt summary: Non-urgent elective surgeries have been cancelled or postponed to free up beds for coronavirus critically ill patients, to allow the best use of medical resources for both the patients and the health care providers, and to reduce the contamination risk of healthy people. Although elective surgeries are limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed. Although elective surgeries are limited during the COVID-19 pandemic, situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed. The routes chosen to perform the surgery either by open or by minimally invasive (laparoscopy, robotics or vaginally) techniques, it is vital to follow patient management algorithms prepared within the evidence during COVID-19 pandemic. When aerosol-generating procedures are performed, and until air exchanges have reduced the virus after the procedure, airborne precaution PPE is recommended and should be worn by all surgical staff within the OR during all operations, whether by laparoscopy or laparotomy [5, 15] . abstract: A global public health problem with a high rate spread and transmission, Coronavirus outbreak has become the most talked-about matter throughout the world. We are severely affected by the nations with vast numbers of deaths; it was hard to predict such a colossal pandemic with terrifying consequences. Elective surgeries are limited, but situations requiring an urgent gynaecological or obstetric surgical approach must still be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns regarding surgical safety and the risk of viral transmission during surgery are of great importance. In this review, we aimed to summarize the concepts related to laparoscopic gynecological surgery during COVID-19 pandemic in the light of current literature. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-272 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-272 id: cord-283953-vuvd6mvz author: KM, S. title: Trace, Quarantine, Test, Isolate and Treat: A Kerala Model of Covid-19 Response date: 2020-06-19 words: 4161.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283953-vuvd6mvz.txt summary: Importation and transmission-based approach for Testing Strategy On January 26th 2020, even before the first case of COVID-19 was reported in the state (9). The state moved fast because of that by mid-January it had already put in place a strategy to isolate people who showed symptoms in hospitals, to trace their contacts and put them in-home quarantine. At the beginning (first phase lockdown) one active case per 34 tests reported (Fig 5) due to the formidable step was taken by the government. High risk people who were in contact with the positive cases were tracked, and kept in quarantine helped in optimal utilization of the Covid-19 treatment kits. . Figure 6 shows the number of people isolated per one active COVID-19 case in a different phase of lockdown in Kerala. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20132308 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 7 shows the percentage of people in home isolation in different phases of lockdown in Kerala. abstract: Kerala reported the first three cases of coronavirus in India in late January. Kerala, one of Indias most densely populated states, which makes its success in fighting the Covid-19 all the more commendable. Moreover, an estimated 17% of its 35 million population employed or lives elsewhere, more than 1 million tourists visit each year, and hundreds of students study abroad, including in China. All of this mobility makes the state more vulnerable to contagious outbreaks. What is the strategy behind the success story? This paper compares the situation of COVID-19 pandemic in major states and Kerala by the different phase of lockdown, and also highlights Keralas fight against the pandemic. We used publicly available data from https://www.covid19india.org/ and Covid-19 Daily Bulletin (Jan 31-May 31), Directorate of Health Services, Kerala (https://dashboard.kerala.gov.in/). We calculate the phase-wise period prevalence rate (PPR) and the case fatality rate (CFR) of the last phase. Compared to other major states, Kerala showed better response in preventing pandemic. The equation for the Keralas success has been simple, prioritized testing, widespread contact tracing, and promoting social distance. They also imposed uncompromising controls, that were supported by an excellent healthcare system, government accountability, transparency, public trust, civil rights and importantly the decentralized governance and strong grass-root level institutions. The proactive measures taken by Kerala such as early detection of cases and extensive social support measures can be a model for India and the world. Keywords: Covid-19, Kerala, India, Testing, Tracing, Pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20132308 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20132308 id: cord-315209-xpzqd0wk author: Kabamba Nzaji, Michel title: Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date: 2020-10-21 words: 3085.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315209-xpzqd0wk.txt summary: Non-adherence was associated with never studied and primary education level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], unemployed status [aOR=1.29, CI=1.01–1.67], living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province) [aOR=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], female gender of head of household [aOR=1.53, CI=1.16–2.03], no attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19 [aOR=1.61, CI=1.08–2.40], not being satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health [aOR=2.26, CI=1.78–2.81], not been regularly informed about the pandemic [aOR=2.25, CI=1.80–2.03], and bad knowledge about COVID-19 [aOR=2.36, CI=1.90–2.93]. Table 3 presents the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following variables predicted non-respect of the instructions for the COVID-19 pandemic: never studied and primary education level, unemployed status, living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province), female gender of head of household, not attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19, not been satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health, not been regularly informed about the pandemic, and bad knowledge about COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to public health instructions for the COVID-19 is important for controlling the transmission and the pandemic’s health and economic impacts. The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors of non-adherence to public health and social measures instructions. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 1913 participants in two provinces of DRC, Mbuji-Mayi, and Kamina. Predictors of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered as a significant predictor. RESULTS: Among 1913 participants (1057 [55.3%] male, age 34.1 [14.9] years), 36.6% were defined as non-adherents. Non-adherence was associated with never studied and primary education level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], unemployed status [aOR=1.29, CI=1.01–1.67], living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province) [aOR=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], female gender of head of household [aOR=1.53, CI=1.16–2.03], no attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19 [aOR=1.61, CI=1.08–2.40], not being satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health [aOR=2.26, CI=1.78–2.81], not been regularly informed about the pandemic [aOR=2.25, CI=1.80–2.03], and bad knowledge about COVID-19 [aOR=2.36, CI=1.90–2.93]. CONCLUSION: The rate of non-observance of preventive measures for the COVID-19 pandemic is high, and different factors contributed. The government has to counsel the permanent updating of messages taking into account the context and the progress of the pandemic by using several communication channels. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s274944 doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s274944 id: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts author: Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan title: Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? date: 2020-08-10 words: 4281.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt summary: High risks for fatal disease in COVID‐19 include older age, metabolic syndrome, male gender, and individuals who develop delayed type I IFN response. 54 In a macaque model of SARS-CoV infection too, aged macaques had more severe lung pathology, lower expression of type I IFN and higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to younger macaques. 80 to patients with COVID-19 that it is a mild immunomodulatory F I G U R E 2 Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry and inhibits virus-induced type I interferon (IFN) signaling and proinflammatory cytokines production. While male gender, older age and people with metabolic syndrome seem to be at a higher risk of contracting more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, younger females of African and Asian ancestry have higher risk for developing SLE; male gender among lupus patients, however, is an independent risk factor for severe disease. Evasion by stealth: inefficient immune activation underlies poor T cell response and severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the biggest pandemic of our lifetime to date. No effective treatment is yet in sight for this catastrophic illness. Several antiviral agents and vaccines are in clinical trials, and drug repurposings as immediate and alternative choices are also under consideration. Immunomodulatory agents like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as well as biological disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as tocilizumab and anakinra received worldwide attention for treatment of critical patients with COVID‐19. This is of interest to rheumatologists, who are well versed with rational use of these agents. This brief review addresses the understandings of some of the common immunopathogenetic mechanisms in the context of autoimmune rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID‐19. Apart from demographic comparisons, the role of type I interferons (IFN), presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and finally mechanism of action of HCQ in both the scenarios are discussed here. High risks for fatal disease in COVID‐19 include older age, metabolic syndrome, male gender, and individuals who develop delayed type I IFN response. HCQ acts by different mechanisms including prevention of cellular entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 and inhibition of type I IFN signaling. Recent controversies regarding efficacy of HCQ in management of COVID‐19 warrant more studies in that direction. Autoantibodies were also reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as well as in COVID‐19. Rheumatologists need to wait and see whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection triggers development of autoimmunity in patients with COVID‐19 infection in the long run. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.13909 doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.13909 id: cord-294800-akr4f5p8 author: Kabir, Md. Tanvir title: nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics date: 2020-07-10 words: 14084.0 sentences: 700.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294800-akr4f5p8.txt summary: They also summarized that as viral load is quite high during the time of hospital admissions, use of potent antiviral agents at an early stage might prove Abbreviations: ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; AP, antigen presentation; APCs, antigen presentation cells; APN, aminopeptidase N, ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CDC, Centers for Disease Control; nCOVID-19, novel coronavirus disease 2019; CoVs, coronaviruses; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; dsRNA, double-strand RNA; EC 50 , half maximal effective concentration; ED, emergency department; ELISA, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; EUA, emergency use authorization; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GGO, ground-glass opacity; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus;, MHC, major histocompatibility complex; or HLA, human leukocyte antigen; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin 6; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; N7-MTase, N7-methyltransferase; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors; PUI, patient under investigation; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; S protein, spike protein; SAM, S-adenosyl-methionine; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; WHO, World Health Organization. abstract: In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2–5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754599/ doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00616 id: cord-234996-hah19vmk author: Kabiri, Aliakbar title: How different age groups responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mobility behaviors: a case study of the United States date: 2020-07-20 words: 3654.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-234996-hah19vmk.txt summary: In this paper, we attempt to fill the current gap in the literature by examining how different communities with different age groups performed social distancing by following orders such as the national emergency declaration on March 13, as well as how fast they started changing their behavior after the regulations were imposed. For this purpose, we calculated the behavior changes of people in different mobility metrics, such as percentage of people staying home during the study period (March, April, and May 2020), in different age groups in comparison to the days before the pandemic (January and February 2020), by utilizing anonymized and privacy-protected mobile device data. Several aspects of mobility patterns including percentage of people staying at home and social distancing index, have been investigated in this paper to illustrate how different age groups behave during the pandemic. abstract: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has affected thousands of people from different socio-demographic groups all over the country. A decisive step in preventing or slowing the outbreak is the use of mobility interventions, such as government stay-at-home orders. However, different socio-demographic groups might have different responses to these orders and regulations. In this paper, we attempt to fill the current gap in the literature by examining how different communities with different age groups performed social distancing by following orders such as the national emergency declaration on March 13, as well as how fast they started changing their behavior after the regulations were imposed. For this purpose, we calculated the behavior changes of people in different mobility metrics, such as percentage of people staying home during the study period (March, April, and May 2020), in different age groups in comparison to the days before the pandemic (January and February 2020), by utilizing anonymized and privacy-protected mobile device data. Our study indicates that senior communities outperformed younger communities in terms of their behavior change. Senior communities not only had a faster response to the outbreak in comparison to young communities, they also had better performance consistency during the pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.10436v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-299107-0rd2uj4r author: Kadi, Nadjat title: Population density, a factor in the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria: statistic study date: 2020-08-20 words: 2025.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299107-0rd2uj4r.txt summary: RESULTS: The cluster analysis allowed us to isolate the groups of cities with the highest numbers of COVID-19 infected cases and the highest population densities. 2010 ) and the coefficient of determination to determine the strength and the nature of the relationship between population density and the number of infected cases, through data for 48 cities, then according to geographic regions (coast, highlands, and the south); -We construct a simple linear model (Schneider et al. Until researching the relationship between population density and the spread of COVID-19 in Algeria, we propose to give an idea of the classification of cities by number of cases infected with the virus. We note also through Fig. 4 that is a significant effect at the significance level of 5% of the population density on the increase in infections with COVID-19 because each time the population density increases by 1 individual/km2, there is an increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 estimated at 0.48 for coastal cities. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since November 2019, the world has suffered the disastrous consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. No country has been spared either socially or economically. Given the inevitability of the spread of this virus, researches have been active to understand and to counteract the factors that anticipate its spread. In this research, we endorse population density as a catalyst factor for the proliferation of COVID-19 in Algeria. We are interested in the relationship between population density and the spread of COVID-19 in Algerian cities. The latter is characterized by a disparity in the concentration of the population according to the geographic location of each. RESULTS: The cluster analysis allowed us to isolate the groups of cities with the highest numbers of COVID-19 infected cases and the highest population densities. The regression models obtained suggest that there is a strong correlation between the population density and the number of COVID-19 infections in Algeria. This finding is verified by the correlation coefficients. Thus, it is estimated that population density has a positive effect on the spread of COVID-19 in the Algerian context during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The spread of COVID-19 in Algeria is increasing as the population density increases. Once this factor has been demonstrated, the fight against the proliferation of the virus can be thwarted by measures to raise public awareness of social distancing in public places namely supermarkets, markets, and cafes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843835/ doi: 10.1186/s42269-020-00393-x id: cord-327415-nu1msnui author: Kadiane-Oussou, N’dri Juliette title: COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) date: 2020-10-10 words: 1729.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327415-nu1msnui.txt summary: title: COVID-19: comparative clinical features and outcome in 114 patients with or without pneumonia (Nord Franche-Comte Hospital, France) Clinical description from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak reveals that most of 35 the patients have minor disease (minimal symptoms to influenza like illness) or pneumonia (1). These 136 signs were reported as the main symptoms in most cohorts with clinical description of COVID-19, 137 especially in patients with pneumonia and severely ill patients (5,9). However, compared with this 138 group, patients without COVID-19 pneumonia were more likely to report symptoms such as facial 139 headache, dysgeusia, anosmia, sore throat, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Patients with 156 COVID-19 pneumonia may become critically ill; more than a fifth of patients in group P were 157 transferred to ICU for ARDS with a mean duration of hospitalization in ICU of 12 days and a high 158 lethality as compared to the mortality described in China (7). abstract: COVID-19 patients (n=114) were included (55 patients with pneumonia (group P) and 59 without pneumonia (group NP). Patients in group P were older (69 (±17) years vs 46 (±16); p<0.001) with a male predominance (58.2% vs 27.1%; p<0.001). The symptoms which were statistically more frequents in patients with pneumonia were fever ≥ 38°C (93% vs 70%; p=0.002) and dyspnea (73% vs 22%; p<0.001). Symptoms such as facial headache (42% vs 15%; p=0.001), sore throat (39% vs 16%; p=0.007), dysgeusia (61% vs 33%; p=0.003), anosmia (63% vs 31%; p=0.001) were statistically more frequents in patients without pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.002 id: cord-353072-n92atcrx author: Kadkhoda, Kamran title: COVID-19: an Immunopathological View date: 2020-04-22 words: 2045.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353072-n92atcrx.txt summary: Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This is consistent with high-level surface expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, on pneumocytes (2) . In the context of COVID-19, since ACE2 is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (9), shedding the virus in the stool is prolonged (10); however, diarrhea is uncommon likely because virus-specific effector memory T cells typically home to the mucosal surfaces they had previously encountered with an infection with a common CoV, i.e., upper and lower respiratory tract. It has recently been shown that SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV take advantage of non-or subneutralizing antibodies and enter cells via surface CD32a receptors (Trojan horse mechanism) (11, 12) . abstract: Since its emergence in December 2019, it took only a couple of months for an outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This along with the highly infectious nature of the disease and the associated mortality call for particular attention to the underlying (immuno)pathomechanism(s). The latter will inform case management and vaccine design. Unravelling these mechanisms can assist basic scientists, laboratory medicine practitioners, clinicians, public health practitioners, funding agencies, and health care policymakers in responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32321823/ doi: 10.1128/msphere.00344-20 id: cord-032268-oj94e8wo author: Kaeuffer, Charlotte title: The BAS²IC score: a useful tool to identify patients at high risk of early progression to severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 1627.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032268-oj94e8wo.txt summary: We developed a score, based on easily accessible data (age, sex, BMI, dyspnea and inflammatory parameters), to predict the risk of rapid progression to severe disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In a previous multicenter study involving 1,045 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, we identified several independent risk factors, such as advanced age, obesity and inflammation, associated with the early development of severe disease [3] . In the present study, we aimed to develop a practical score for estimating the risk of rapid progression to severe disease in a cohort of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. [SD], 16), and 612 patients (58.6%) were men (supplementary Table 1 Based on previously identified prognostic factors [3] , we then defined a prognostic BAS²IC score including BMI, age, sex, shortness of breath and inflammatory parameters to screen patients at a risk of developing early severe disease (Table 1 ). abstract: We developed a score, based on easily accessible data (age, sex, BMI, dyspnea and inflammatory parameters), to predict the risk of rapid progression to severe disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Using a cut-off of >6 points, the negative and positive predictive values were 87% and 49%, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499730/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa405 id: cord-353976-gns5omyb author: Kafieh, Rahele title: COVID-19 in Iran: A Deeper Look Into The Future date: 2020-04-27 words: 4523.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353976-gns5omyb.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078477 doi: medRxiv preprint analysis of the accuracy of our forecasting model, and some of the possible future trends for COVID-19 situation in Iran and other countries. used phenomenological models that have been validated during previous outbreaks to generate and assess short-term forecasts of the cumulative number of confirmed reported cases in Hubei province, the epicenter of the epidemic, and for the overall trajectory in China, excluding the province of Hubei. In [14] , Liu and colleagues used early reported case data and built a model to predict the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The machine learning models are trained and tested based on 18576, 18576, and 17569 occurrences of daily number of confirmed, death, and recovered COVID-19 cases. Figure 7 is designed to show MAPE value for predicting occurrences of confirmed, death, and recovered cases from COVID-19 when lags of 1-20 days are used on validation data in preparatory model to find the optimum lag. abstract: The novel corona-virus (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic, affecting almost all countries and regions in a few weeks, and therefore a global plan is needed to overcome this battle. Iran has been among the first few countries that has been affected severely, after China, which forced the government to put some restriction and enforce social distancing in majority of the country. In less than 2 months, Iran has more than 80,000 confirmed cases, and more than 5,000 death. Based on the official statistics from Iran's government, the number of daily cases has started to go down recently, but many people believe if the lockdown is lifted without proper social distancing enforcement, there is a possibility for a second wave of COVID-19 cases. In this work, we analyze at the data for the number cases in Iran in the past few weeks, and train a predictive model to estimate the possible future trends for the number of cases in Iran, depending on the government policy in the coming weeks and months. Our analysis may help political leaders and health officials to take proper action toward handling COVID-19 in the coming months. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078477 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078477 id: cord-260264-8fzlllde author: Kahan, Barry D. title: COVID-19 Minisymposium: Toward a Strategic Roadmap date: 2020-10-06 words: 1855.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260264-8fzlllde.txt summary: The pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 ), an RNA virus, poses major challenges to the transplant enterprise from donation to operation and perioperative care to long-term follow-up, including treatment of afflicted cases. Clearly, at the present state of knowledge, the use of COVID-19-positive donors must require negative results of tissue biopsies that have been subjected to real-time polymerase chain reactions for nucleic acid detection and/or immunochemistry or electron microscopic evaluations for virions, because the disease process may produce secondary effects, such as hepatocellular or renal injury, in noninfected, potentially transplantable organs. Individual centers report their series Q3 of kidney (Lum et al [14] ; Kocak et al [15] ; Hasanoglu et al [16] ; Aziz et al [17] [14] , including 41 afflicted renal transplant recipients who most often presented with fever, dyspnea, and cough, revealed hospitalization to be necessary in 63.4% of subjects, with a 9.8% mortality rate and a 26.9% incidence of acute kidney injury. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0041134520327433 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.09.008 id: cord-298258-satk2t9z author: Kahwash, Basil M. title: Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee date: 2020-11-02 words: 3548.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298258-satk2t9z.txt summary: title: Allergy/Immunology Trainee Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AAAAI Work Group Report of the Fellows-in-Training Committee To capture the experiences of allergy and immunology fellows throughout the United States and Canada during this time, a 17-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 380 fellow-in-training (FIT) members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology enrolled in US and Canadian allergy/immunology fellowship programs. Key words: COVID-19; Fellows-in-training; Trainee; Education; Survey; Telemedicine; Telehealth; Virtual learning; Allergy and immunology The web-based survey was designed and implemented by the AAAAI FIT Committee, and responses were obtained from 124 FITs. Data were collected on demographics, reassignment to treat patients with COVID-19, transition to virtual training platforms, and the impact of the pandemic on fellowship training. This Work Group Report summarizes and presents the data from the survey of FITs in allergy and immunology training programs in the United States and Canada to understand workflow and education changes, as well as concerns among fellows in response to change. abstract: As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, medical trainees have faced unique challenges and uncertainties. To capture the experiences of allergy and immunology fellows throughout the United States and Canada during this time, a 17-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 380 fellow-in-training (FIT) members of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology enrolled in US and Canadian allergy/immunology fellowship programs. Voluntary and anonymous responses were collected from April 15 to May 15, 2020. In addition to summary statistics, categorical data were compared using χ(2) tests (Fisher's exact). Responses were obtained from FITs across all years of training and primary specialties (Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medicine-Pediatrics) with a response rate of 32.6% (124 of 380). Reassignment to COVID-19 clinical responsibilities was reported by 12% (15 of 124) of FITs, with the largest proportion in the US northeast region. A majority of FITs used telehealth (95%) and virtual learning (82%) during the pandemic. Overall, 21% (25 of 120) of FITs expressed concern about potentially lacking clinical experience for independently practicing allergy and immunology. However, FITs using telehealth reported lower concern compared with those who did not (18.4% [21 of 114] vs 66.7% [4 of 6]; P = .01). The survey shows that allergy and immunology trainee experiences have varied considerably since the COVID-19 outbreak. Notably, the adoption of telehealth and virtual learning was commonly reported, and optimization of these virtual experiences will be helpful. Even outside of pandemics, training on the use of telemedicine may be a sound strategy in preparation for future health care delivery and unexpected events. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820310850 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.036 id: cord-307516-5r5h1z1o author: Kahyaoglu Sut, Hatice title: Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey: A web‐based cross‐sectional study date: 2020-09-28 words: 2223.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307516-5r5h1z1o.txt summary: PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The present study aimed to examine the level and prevalence of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression scores were significantly higher in pregnant women who had no information about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy (Q5) and who were not informed by healthcare workers about the effects (Q6) ( Table 5 ). The risk of anxiety and depression in pregnant women with low education levels was found to be higher in the present study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and related factors in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 403 pregnant women using a web‐based survey. The hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to measure anxiety and depression. FINDINGS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 64.5% and 56.3%, respectively. Working status, physical activity status, discomfort with hospital visits, having information about COVID‐19, and being informed by healthcare workers about COVID‐19 were factors related to anxiety (p < .05). Education level, physical activity status, discomfort with hospital visits, and having information about COVID‐19 were factors related to depression (p < .05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The aforementioned factors should be considered for reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989798/ doi: 10.1111/ppc.12627 id: cord-225145-m5udub60 author: Kai, De title: Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations date: 2020-04-22 words: 8152.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-225145-m5udub60.txt summary: We present two models for the COVID-19 pandemic predicting the impact of universal face mask wearing upon the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus--one employing a stochastic dynamic network based compartmental SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) approach, and the other employing individual ABM (agent-based modelling) Monte Carlo simulation--indicating (1) significant impact under (near) universal masking when at least 80% of a population is wearing masks, versus minimal impact when only 50% or less of the population is wearing masks, and (2) significant impact when universal masking is adopted early, by Day 50 of a regional outbreak, versus minimal impact when universal masking is adopted late. To validate these theoretical models, we compare their predictions against a new empirical data set we have collected that includes whether regions have universal masking cultures or policies, their daily case growth rates, and their percentage reduction from peak daily case growth rates. abstract: We present two models for the COVID-19 pandemic predicting the impact of universal face mask wearing upon the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus--one employing a stochastic dynamic network based compartmental SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) approach, and the other employing individual ABM (agent-based modelling) Monte Carlo simulation--indicating (1) significant impact under (near) universal masking when at least 80% of a population is wearing masks, versus minimal impact when only 50% or less of the population is wearing masks, and (2) significant impact when universal masking is adopted early, by Day 50 of a regional outbreak, versus minimal impact when universal masking is adopted late. These effects hold even at the lower filtering rates of homemade masks. To validate these theoretical models, we compare their predictions against a new empirical data set we have collected that includes whether regions have universal masking cultures or policies, their daily case growth rates, and their percentage reduction from peak daily case growth rates. Results show a near perfect correlation between early universal masking and successful suppression of daily case growth rates and/or reduction from peak daily case growth rates, as predicted by our theoretical simulations. Our theoretical and empirical results argue for urgent implementation of universal masking. As governments plan how to exit societal lockdowns, it is emerging as a key NPI; a"mouth-and-nose lockdown"is far more sustainable than a"full body lockdown", on economic, social, and mental health axes. An interactive visualization of the ABM simulation is at http://dek.ai/masks4all. We recommend immediate mask wearing recommendations, official guidelines for correct use, and awareness campaigns to shift masking mindsets away from pure self-protection, towards aspirational goals of responsibly protecting one's community. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.13553v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-320892-dcfi5u04 author: Kaidi, Austin C. title: Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report date: 2020-07-14 words: 1291.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320892-dcfi5u04.txt summary: title: Timing and Tips for Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with a Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report This case report describes a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by multi-organ system failure requiring intubation who sustained a femoral neck fracture that required total hip arthroplasty (THA). This case report 7 describes a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by multi-organ system failure 8 requiring intubation who sustained a femoral neck fracture that required total hip arthroplasty 9 Furthermore, implant cementation and spinal anesthesia in critically ill 14 COVID-positive patients should be approached cautiously in the setting of pulmonary disease 15 and multi-organ system failure. Furthermore, implant cementation and spinal anesthesia in critically ill 14 COVID-positive patients should be approached cautiously in the setting of pulmonary disease 15 and multi-organ system failure. abstract: Expedited time to surgery following hip fracture is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality in appropriately optimized patients. However, the optimal timing of surgery in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains unknown. This case report describes a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by multi-organ system failure requiring intubation who sustained a femoral neck fracture that required total hip arthroplasty (THA). This patient had a significant, deliberate delay in time to surgical intervention due to his critical state. When deciding the optimal timing for THA in COVID-19 patients we recommend utilizing inflammatory markers, such as procalcitonin and IL-6, as indicators of disease resolution and caution operative intervention when patients are nearing the 7-10(th) day of COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, implant cementation and spinal anesthesia in critically ill COVID-positive patients should be approached cautiously in the setting of pulmonary disease and multi-organ system failure. Close follow-up with medical doctors is recommended to minimize long-term sequelae and delay to baseline mobility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32802926/ doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.07.006 id: cord-332559-2r2gavbq author: Kajdy, Anna title: Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey date: 2020-07-24 words: 5207.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332559-2r2gavbq.txt summary: title: Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey has three parts: 1) questions related to general demography, pregnancy health history, mental health history, socioeconomic factors, as well as perception of fear, burden and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and 2) General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire for anxiety assessment 3) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. The survey consists of 60 questions, and it has the following structure: screening questions, consent form, demographic and socioeconomic questions, mental health history questions, general health history questions, pregnancy risk assessment questions, COVID-19 specific questions, and the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections: 1).. Questions related to general demography, pregnancy health history, mental health history, socioeconomic factors, as well as perception of fear, burden and restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic; 2).. General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire for anxiety assessment and; 3).. Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) for depression assessment. Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media. The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity. The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021279 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021279 id: cord-307313-sox12zfo author: Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E. title: The healthcare professionals amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of resilience and posttraumatic growth date: 2020-05-15 words: 766.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307313-sox12zfo.txt summary: Healthcare professionals are at the front-line of this crisis and are those who are actively engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19 while managing critical issues daily (e.g., lack of hospital facilities, personal protection measures, exhausting working hours, fear of contagion and spreading the virus).Most of the reports and studies have examined the obvious negative outcomes on health professionals, such as increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression (Lai et al., 2020) . That said, at this point, we would like to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic should signify a shift toward the study of how patient care can be a positive experience for the professionals and their well-being by focusing on the psychological assets and resources that empower people to cope. Evidence-based interventions aiming at safeguarding health professionals from the negative effects of the pandemic, while concurrently -and mainly-strengthening their personal assets and resources, are of paramount importance both for the safety of all the parties being involved (i.e., professionals and patients), and the quality of patient care itself. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820302847 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102172 id: cord-257611-z0sng9sx author: Kalantari, Hamidreza title: Determination of COVID-19 prevalence with regards to age range of patients referring to the hospitals located in western Tehran, Iran date: 2020-10-07 words: 2796.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257611-z0sng9sx.txt summary: We decided to examine suspected samples of pneumonia outbreak caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and provide information about the mortality rate due to this infection in different age groups in Iran. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, a total of 784 samples of naso/oropharyngeal swabs of suspected patients with COVID-19 symptoms who had referred to Imam Khomeini, Shahid Fayaz-Bakhsh and Modarres hospitals in Tehran from February 24, 2020 to March 24, 2020 were examined by RT-PCR method. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at targeting these three genes using real-time RT-PCR method to examine suspected samples of COVID-19 and to determine the mortality rate due to this infection in different age groups in Iran. This was in accordance with the results of the present study, in which the highest number of deaths and positive cases were reported in people in the age group of >70 years. abstract: We decided to examine suspected samples of pneumonia outbreak caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and provide information about the mortality rate due to this infection in different age groups in Iran. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, a total of 784 samples of naso/oropharyngeal swabs of suspected patients with COVID-19 symptoms who had referred to Imam Khomeini, Shahid Fayaz-Bakhsh and Modarres hospitals in Tehran from February 24, 2020 to March 24, 2020 were examined by RT-PCR method. The highest incidence of the disease was within the age group of 50–59 years, while the lowest rate was in the 0–9 years age group. The highest rate of positive samples in terms of COVID-19 among suspected individuals was for patients >80 years of age (89%) and the highest mortality rate was in the age range of 70–79 years (31%) and >80 years (30), respectively. In terms of recovery, the highest rate was in the 30–39 years age group (65.2%). Statistical analysis showed that mortality significantly increased in the age group of >60 years old and in fact, mortality was significantly associated with older ages. According to the results of the current study, the prevalence of COVID-19 in lower age (0–9 years old) is lower and mortality rate is higher in older ages as significant increase in mortality was observed in those aged >60 years old. However, further epidemiological studies on a larger study population in different regions of Iran are needed to explain the prevalence, clinical features, and course of the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452014420303241?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100910 id: cord-310998-zchtu6cm author: Kalash, Danny A. title: How COVID-19 Deepens Child Oral Health Inequities date: 2020-05-23 words: 1331.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310998-zchtu6cm.txt summary: Well before the coronavirus, U.S. children in poverty, from low-income families, or racial and ethnic minorities, overrepresented our national dental disease burden. 3 When compounded with social barriers, the chronic and cumulative consequences of child oral disease contribute to wider health inequities through the life course. 5 By abruptly pausing the provision of child dental care, COVID-19 adds delays to time-sensitive treatment, worsens the status of already significant decay, and further overburdens our previously strained dental safety net including community health centers, federally qualified health centers, and hospitals. 6 COVID-19''s spread refocuses our attention to those social inequities, perpetuated by deficient federal and state policies, which carry both direct and unintended consequences for child oral health. This forces families to prioritize only absolute necessities -like food, shelter, and utilities -and neglect or delay other expenses, including parent or child oral health care or hygiene supplies. Dr. Kalash did not report any disclosures. abstract: ABSTRACT The fallout from COVID-19 will reveal the depth and range of social, economic, and political disparities faced by U.S. families and children. Those same injustices, magnified and worsened by COVID-19, are also responsible for perpetuating child oral health disparities. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2020.05.015 doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.05.015 id: cord-259837-5tbdqzxr author: Kalcioglu, Mahmut Tayyar title: May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? date: 2020-09-29 words: 519.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259837-5tbdqzxr.txt summary: title: May COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? In previous studies, viral infections have been reported to have an important role in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) (Cohen et al., 2014) . Moreover, recently, studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus on central and peripheral nervous systems have been published. Some of these studies have reported Guillain -Barré syndrome (Toscano et al., 2020) and impaired olfactory function (Eliezer et al., 2020) to be related to SARS-CoV-2. Another recently published study reported neurologic changes in 58 of 64 patients with COVID-19 (Helms et al., 2020) . Therefore, we investigated the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f patients. Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19 An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1468 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1468 id: cord-320389-zgujsi9c author: Kalfaoglu, Bahire title: T-cell dysregulation in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 words: 3855.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320389-zgujsi9c.txt summary: Particularly, we highlight the impairment of FOXP3 induction in CD4(+) T-cells and how the impaired FOXP3 expression can lead to the differentiation of abnormally activated (hyperactivated) T-cells and the dysregulated T-cell responses in severe patients. SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells can detect viral RNA by cytosolic sensors including RIG-1 and MDA5 and produce type-I IFNs, which induces IFN-mediated anti-viral responses [22] . These collectively suggest that the impairment of FOXP3 induction in severe COVID-19 induces autoimmune-like T-cell responses to self-antigens, which deplete immunological resources that could have been used by virus-specific T-cells. In addition, FURIN expression is induced in T-cells by TCR signalling in vivo and in vitro [33] , and therefore, FOXP3 + Treg and highly activated CD25 + CD4 + T-cells could potentially enhance the activation of S protein in inflammatory tissues. Collectively, FOXP3 -CD25 + CD4 + T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients are considered to be abnormally activated (hyperactivated), failing to differentiate into specific T-cell subsets. abstract: T-cells play key roles in immunity to COVID-19 as well as the development of severe disease. T-cell immunity to COVID-19 is mediated through differentiated CD4(+) T-cells and cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells, although their differentiation is often atypical and ambiguous in COVID-19 and single cell dynamics of key genes need to be characterized. Notably, T-cells are dysregulated in severe COVID-19 patients, although their molecular features are still yet to be fully revealed. Importantly, it is not clear which T-cell activities are beneficial and protective and which ones can contribute to the development of severe COVID-19. In this article, we examine the latest evidence and discuss the key features of T-cell responses in COVID-19, showing how T-cells are dysregulated in severe COVID-19 patients. Particularly, we highlight the impairment of FOXP3 induction in CD4(+) T-cells and how the impaired FOXP3 expression can lead to the differentiation of abnormally activated (hyperactivated) T-cells and the dysregulated T-cell responses in severe patients. Furthermore, we characterise the feature of hyperactivated T-cells, showing their potential contribution to T-cell dysregulation and immune-mediated tissue destruction (immunopathology) in COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0006291X20320088 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.079 id: cord-329855-pr7g6ivu author: Kalfaoglu, Bahire title: T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 infection revealed by single-cell analysis date: 2020-05-30 words: 5344.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329855-pr7g6ivu.txt summary: By in silico sorting CD4+ T-cells from a single cell RNA-seq dataset, we found that CD4+ T-cells were highly activated and showed unique differentiation pathways in the lung of severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, those T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients highly expressed immunoregulatory receptors and CD25, whilst repressing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 and interestingly, both the differentiation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17 was inhibited. Collectively, CD4+ T-cells from severe COVID-19 patients are hyperactivated and FOXP3-mediated negative feedback mechanisms are impaired in the lung, while activated CD4+ T-cells continue to promote further viral infection through the production of Furin. These CD25 + activated T-cells are likely to be short-lived and do not initiate FOXP3 transcription in severe COVID-19 patients, while they can differentiate into Tregs in moderate infections. These collectively support that FURIN expression is induced in highly activated non-regulatory CD25 + CD4 + T-cells in severe COVIDOur study has shown that CD4 + T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients have dysregulated activation and differentiation mechanisms. abstract: Severe COVID-19 patients can show respiratory failure, T-cell reduction, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which can be fatal in both young and aged patients and is a major concern of the pandemic. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of CRS in COVID-19 are poorly understood. Here we show single cell-level mechanisms for T-cell dysregulation in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thereby demonstrate the mechanisms underlying T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients. By in silico sorting CD4+ T-cells from a single cell RNA-seq dataset, we found that CD4+ T-cells were highly activated and showed unique differentiation pathways in the lung of severe COVID-19 patients. Notably, those T-cells in severe COVID-19 patients highly expressed immunoregulatory receptors and CD25, whilst repressing the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 and interestingly, both the differentiation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and Th17 was inhibited. Meanwhile, highly activated CD4+ T-cells express PD-1 alongside macrophages that express PD-1 ligands in severe patients, suggesting that PD-1-mediated immunoregulation was partially operating. Furthermore, we show that CD25+ hyperactivated T-cells differentiate into multiple helper T-cell lineages, showing multifaceted effector T-cells with Th1 and Th2 characteristics. Lastly, we show that CD4+ T-cells, particularly CD25-expressing hyperactivated T-cells, produce the protease Furin, which facilitates the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, CD4+ T-cells from severe COVID-19 patients are hyperactivated and FOXP3-mediated negative feedback mechanisms are impaired in the lung, while activated CD4+ T-cells continue to promote further viral infection through the production of Furin. Therefore, our study proposes a new model of T-cell hyperactivation and paralysis that drives pulmonary damage, systemic CRS and organ failure in severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.115923 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.115923 id: cord-317988-1buh1wm0 author: Kalichman, Seth C. title: Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living With HIV, Atlanta, Georgia date: 2020-06-05 words: 4040.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317988-1buh1wm0.txt summary: At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications and increased cancelation of health care appointments, both by self and providers. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the health care of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics. 15 High prevalence of substance use and co-occurring underlying health conditions have the potential to amplify the severity of COVID-19 in people living with HIV. 43 Although people with HIV will recognize their increased risks due to an immune suppressive condition, the added burden of smoking and other substance use, as well as underlying conditions common to HIV infection, have not been included in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports of severe case outcomes and have not been included in public health messaging. abstract: COVID-19 and its social responses threaten the health of people living with HIV. We conducted a rapid-response interview to assess COVID-19 protective behaviors of people living with HIV and the impact of their responses on HIV-related health care. METHOD: Men and women living with HIV (N = 162) aged 20–37 years participating in a longitudinal study of HIV treatment and care completed routine study measures and an assessment of COVID-19–related experiences. RESULTS: At baseline, most participants demonstrated HIV viremia, markers indicative of renal disorders, and biologically confirmed substance use. At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications and increased cancelation of health care appointments, both by self and providers. We observed antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved during the initial month of COVID-19 response. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that may pose added risk for COVID-19 severity were prevalent among people living with HIV, and those with greater risk factors did not practice more COVID-19 protective behaviors. Social distancing and other practices intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 interfered with HIV care, and impeded access to food and medications, although an immediate adverse impact on medication adherence was not evident. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the health care of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530862/ doi: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002414 id: cord-280437-6u3kepat author: Kalippurayil Moozhipurath, R. title: Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 Deaths date: 2020-05-12 words: 6136.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280437-6u3kepat.txt summary: We use the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths and case-fatality rate (CFR) as the main dependent variables to test our hypothesis and isolate UVI effect from potential confounding factors such as underlying time trends, country-specific time-constant and time-varying factors such as weather. The corresponding country level data consist of the cumulative daily COVID-19 deaths and infections, the daily ultraviolet index (UVI), which is closely connected to the daily UVB radiation, and a set of control variables such as daily weather parameters such as precipitation index, cloud index, ozone level, humidity level, as well as minimum and maximum temperature. The effect of UVI is isolated from time-constant country-specific factors (see Figure 1 ) by using a within-transformation of the transformed structural model as The key finding is the significant negative long-run association of UVI on cumulative COVID-19 deaths. abstract: Background: Research is ongoing to identify an effective way to prevent or treat COVID-19, but thus far these efforts have not yet identified a possible solution. Prior studies indicate the protective role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation in human health, mediated by vitamin D synthesis. In this study, we empirically outline a negative association of UVB radiation as measured by the ultraviolet index (UVI) with the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 (COVID-19 deaths). Methods: We carry out an observational study, applying a fixed-effect log-linear regression model to a panel dataset of 64 countries over a period of 78 days (n=4992). We use the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths and case-fatality rate (CFR) as the main dependent variables to test our hypothesis and isolate UVI effect from potential confounding factors such as underlying time trends, country-specific time-constant and time-varying factors such as weather. Findings: After controlling for time-constant and time-varying factors, we find that a permanent unit increase in UVI is associated with a 2.2 percentage points decline in daily growth rates of cumulative COVID-19 deaths [p < 0.01], as well as a 1.9 percentage points, decline in the daily growth rates of CFR [p < 0.05]. These results represent a significant percentage reduction in terms of the daily growth rates of cumulative COVID-19 deaths (-22.92%) and CFR (-73.08%). Our results are consistent across different model specifications. Interpretation: We find a significant negative association between UVI and COVID-19 deaths, indicating evidence of the protective role of UVB in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. If confirmed via clinical studies, then the possibility of mitigating COVID-19 deaths via sensible sunlight exposure or vitamin D intervention will be very attractive because it is cost-effective and widely available. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20093419 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093419 id: cord-024081-19wk56an author: Kalla, Ismail S. title: COVID-19: The Concept of Herd Immunity – Is It A Strategy for South Africa? date: 2020-04-17 words: 1759.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt summary: The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in January 2020, while the United Nations has described this pandemic as the worst crisis that humanity has faced since the World War II.(1) Our President declared a state of disaster in South Africa on 26 March 2020, enforcing a military-supported national lockdown. The concept of herd immunity was introduced with the widespread use of vaccines to protect against common, but severely debilitating illnesses, such as smallpox and polio, which are spread by human contact and for which humans, are a major reservoir of these viruses. Using mathematical modelling, they postulated a strategy with the aim of achieving herd immunity by allowing the disease to run rampant through their population. However, there are preliminary reports that countries with the widespread use of the BCG vaccine seem to have a lower morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, thus potentially protecting our population. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187745/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia7 id: cord-278710-2fiyzl5u author: Kalner, Samantha title: Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 634.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278710-2fiyzl5u.txt summary: Reports in literature of the presence of cutaneous findings in patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV2 which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have ranged from 20.4% 1 to 0.2% of the cases 2 . Herein, we present a novel cutaneous finding, a dusky red, non-pruritic, non-blanching periorbital dyschromia that we have observed in several patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19. Some of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 that have been described in the literature have ranged from erythematous eruptions involving the trunk, to widespread erythema and chickenpox-like vesicles 1 , to skin rash with petechia 3 , to confluent erythematous-yellowish papules on heels bilaterally which progressed to hard, erythematous plaques 4 . We believe that appearance of periorbital dyschromia may potentially serve as an early cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 and as a precursor of the systemic symptoms which seem to follow this presentation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352512620303441 doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.05.001 id: cord-033420-pjtyv0pv author: Kalokairinou, Louiza title: The promise of direct-to-consumer COVID-19 testing: ethical and regulatory issues date: 2020-09-23 words: 6322.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033420-pjtyv0pv.txt summary: Although the provision of DTC tests has potential benefits—such as expanding access to testing and reducing the risk of exposure for consumers and medical personnel—it also raises significant ethical and regulatory concerns. The second part discusses five primary issues for DTC COVID-19 tests: test accuracy; potential misinterpretation of results; misleading claims and other misinformation; privacy concerns; and fair allocation of scarce resources. The second part identifies five primary ethical and regulatory issues for DTC COVID-19 tests: uncertainty over the accuracy of test results; potential misinterpretation of test results by users; misleading product promotion and misinformation; privacy concerns; and fair allocation of scarce resources. We conclude with recommendations for regulators, companies, and other relevant stakeholders that can help ensure high-quality, accurate, and equitably distributed COVID-19 tests, and inform the ethical provision of DTC health tests during public health crises. abstract: Widespread diagnostic and serological (antibody) testing is one key to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. While at first, the majority of COVID-19 diagnostic testing in the USA took place in healthcare settings, quickly a direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing market also emerged. In these DTC provision models, the test is initiated by a consumer and the sample collection occurs at home or in a commercial laboratory. Although the provision of DTC tests has potential benefits—such as expanding access to testing and reducing the risk of exposure for consumers and medical personnel—it also raises significant ethical and regulatory concerns. This article reviews these challenges and shows how they parallel and also diverge from prior concerns raised in the DTC health testing arena. The first part of this paper provides an overview of the landscape of diagnostic and serological tests for COVID-19, anticipating how provision models are likely to evolve in the future. The second part discusses five primary issues for DTC COVID-19 tests: test accuracy; potential misinterpretation of results; misleading claims and other misinformation; privacy concerns; and fair allocation of scarce resources. We conclude with recommendations for regulators and companies that aim to ensure ethically marketed DTC COVID-19 tests. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543538/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa069 id: cord-305657-ayqxesiv author: Kalra, Mannudeep K. title: Chest CT practice and protocols for COVID-19 from radiation dose management perspective date: 2020-07-03 words: 3958.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305657-ayqxesiv.txt summary: Out of concern over the use of CT and associated radiation doses to patients with suspected or known COVID-19 infection, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a survey and a webinar to discuss CT practice and protocol optimization for COVID-19 pneumonia on April 9, 2020. When these assays have limited availability, diagnostic imaging (chest radiographs or CT) can be used in patients with at least moderate to severe clinical features supportive of COVID-19 pneumonia. Although there are no specific publications or guidance on this matter, in pregnant patients with suspected complications or worsening respiratory status, a chest CT may be indicated and, when necessary, performed with single-phase, non-contrast, lowdose CT protocol. Most national and international organizations recommend against routine use of diagnostic imaging for the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia unless there is a lack of availability or access to RT-PCR or immunoassays in patients with moderate to severe disease, worsening respiratory status, or a suspicion of cardiopulmonary complications. abstract: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has upended the world with over 6.6 million infections and over 391,000 deaths worldwide. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the preferred method of diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Yet, chest CT is often used in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 due to regional preferences, lack of availability of PCR assays, and false-negative PCR assays, as well as for monitoring of disease progression, complications, and treatment response. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organized a webinar to discuss CT practice and protocol optimization from a radiation protection perspective on April 9, 2020, and surveyed participants from five continents. We review important aspects of CT in COVID-19 infection from the justification of its use to specific scan protocols for optimizing radiation dose and diagnostic information. Key Points • Chest CT provides useful information in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. • When indicated, chest CT in most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia must be performed with non-contrast, low-dose protocol. • Although chest CT has high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, CT findings are non-specific and overlap with other viral infections including influenza and H1N1. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621238/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07034-x id: cord-355314-2gb9pzy0 author: Kalyanaraman Marcello, R. title: Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in New York City''s Public Hospital System date: 2020-06-01 words: 4408.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355314-2gb9pzy0.txt summary: Background New York City (NYC) has borne the greatest burden of COVID-19 in the United States, but information about characteristics and outcomes of racially/ethnically diverse individuals tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 remains limited. Male sex, older age, diabetes, cardiac history, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with testing positive, hospitalization, and death. We describe here the results of our analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients tested for COVID-19 and admitted to New York City''s public hospital system, the largest case series in NYC and the United States reported to date. Comorbidities were defined as the presence or absence of the following chronic conditions recorded as billing diagnoses or "active" in a patient''s problem list in the EHR: diabetes, hypertension (HTN), arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease, cancer, HIV, and a flag for having one or more specified chronic disease (diabetes, All rights reserved. abstract: Background New York City (NYC) has borne the greatest burden of COVID-19 in the United States, but information about characteristics and outcomes of racially/ethnically diverse individuals tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 remains limited. In this case series, we describe characteristics and outcomes of patients tested for and hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City's public hospital system. Methods We reviewed the electronic health records of all patients who received a SARS-CoV-2 test between March 5 and April 9, 2020, with follow up through April 16, 2020. The primary outcomes were a positive test, hospitalization, and death. Demographics and comorbidities were also assessed. Results 22254 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2. 13442 (61%) were positive; among those, the median age was 52.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 39.5-64.5), 7481 (56%) were male, 3518 (26%) were Black, and 4593 (34%) were Hispanic. Nearly half (4669, 46%) had at least one chronic disease (27% diabetes, 30% hypertension, and 21% cardiovascular disease). Of those testing positive, 6248 (46%) were hospitalized. The median age was 61.6 years (IQR 49.7-72.9); 3851 (62%) were male, 1950 (31%) were Black, and 2102 (34%) were Hispanic. More than half (3269, 53%) had at least one chronic disease (33% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 24% cardiovascular disease, 11% chronic kidney disease). 1724 (28%) hospitalized patients died. The median age was 71.0 years (IQR 60.0, 80.9); 1087 (63%) were male, 506 (29%) were Black, and 528 (31%) were Hispanic. Chronic diseases were common (35% diabetes, 37% hypertension, 28% cardiovascular disease, 15% chronic kidney disease). Male sex, older age, diabetes, cardiac history, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with testing positive, hospitalization, and death. Racial/ethnic disparities were observed across all outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance This is the largest and most racially/ethnically diverse case series of patients tested and hospitalized for COVID-19 in the United States to date. Our findings highlight disparities in outcomes that can inform prevention and testing recommendations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32577680/ doi: 10.1101/2020.05.29.20086645 id: cord-341987-lsvifqyo author: Kalyanasundaram, Sridhar title: Novel Corona Virus Pandemic and Neonatal Care: It’s Too Early to Speculate on Impact! date: 2020-08-03 words: 3967.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341987-lsvifqyo.txt summary: We discuss the basic aspects of the infection, the approach of care to novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in positive pregnant women, the likely presentation in newborns (as per current knowledge), and the approach to the management of neonates with infection or at risk of the infection. In this article, we discuss the basic aspects of the infection, the approach of care to novel corona virus disease 2019 in positive pregnant women, the likely presentation in newborns (as per current knowledge), and the approach to the management of neonates with infection or at risk of the infection. Another recent case study published in Nature Communication reported transplacental transmission of COVID-19 from a positive pregnant mother during the last trimester to her offspring which occurred due to maternal viremia, placental infection, and neonatal viremia following placental infection [34] . abstract: The entire world is reeling under the effects of the novel corona virus pandemic. As it is a new infection, our knowledge is evolving constantly. There is limited information about impact of corona virus on neonatal care in relation to newborns with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. In this article, we summarize the current approach to this infection in relation to newborn babies. We discuss the basic aspects of the infection, the approach of care to novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in positive pregnant women, the likely presentation in newborns (as per current knowledge), and the approach to the management of neonates with infection or at risk of the infection. Children are less susceptible to COVID-19 infection and generally have a mild course. There is a lower risk of severe disease among pregnant women and neonates. It was recommended to follow the current protocols for management of symptomatic newborn with isolation precautions, antibiotics, and respiratory support. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00440-8 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00440-8 id: cord-333627-tcgamaev author: Kam, Ariana title: PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC date: 2020-09-30 words: 2107.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333627-tcgamaev.txt summary: title: PERCEIVED STRESS, INSOMNIA SEVERITY, AND THE IMPACT OF EVENTS AMONG IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF) PATIENTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Perceived Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Impact of Events Scale-Revised scores of patients at a fertility clinic in Manhattan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We excluded one question from the standard 22-item IES-R questionnaire: ''''During the past seven days with respect to (insert event) have you felt yourself acting or feeling like you were back at that time?'''' All patients who did not respond to the Perceived Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and/or IES-R questionnaires were excluded from the respective analyses. RESULTS: According to the results of the Perceived Stress Scale, 66.9% of patients at the Manhattan-based fertility clinic self-reported experiencing moderate stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028220312541 doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.500 id: cord-324307-2zbm4iwn author: Kam, Kai-qian title: A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load date: 2020-02-28 words: 1914.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324307-2zbm4iwn.txt summary: A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. Two specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) methods, targeting the N and ORF1ab genes, were designed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. A nasopharyngeal specimen taken on admission and tested by rRT-PCR confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with low cycle threshold (N gene, 15.57; Orf1ab gene, 13.73), suggesting high viral load. On day 2 of admission, he was found to be viremic with detection of SARS-CoV-2 in his blood sample via rRT-PCR. Repeat testing of his urine on day 9 of admission was negative, but his stool sample became positive for SARS-CoV-2. Similar to reports of adult COVID-19, we confirm the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the stool of our infant. abstract: A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. This case highlights the difficulties in establishing the true incidence of COVID-19, as asymptomatic individuals can excrete the virus. These patients may play important roles in human-to-human transmission in the community. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa201 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa201 id: cord-263530-t9ryky6f author: Kamal, Yasmine Mohamed title: Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully date: 2020-09-16 words: 2480.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263530-t9ryky6f.txt summary: ► Abdominal CT was normal ► Brain MRI with contrast, performed after 2 weeks to comply with our hospital''s protocol that only allows COVID-19-negative patient to get in contact with the MRI machine, revealed abnormal signal intensity in the temporal lobe cortex bilaterally in a rather symmetrical fashion. Seven hundred and fifty milligrams of intravenous acyclovir sodium, three times per day, was started empirically before the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were obtained, addressing the possibility of herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II encephalitis. The early suspicion of COVID-19 encephalitis and performing the appropriate CSF studies was the key to establishing the correct diagnosis and timely management. ► A red flag of the possibility of COVID-19 encephalitis should be raised whenever patients present with abnormal behaviour, acute psychosis, confusion state or drowsiness. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic that attracted global attention in December 2019 is well known for its clinical picture that is consistent with respiratory symptoms. Currently, the available medical literature describing the neurological complications of COVID-19 is gradually emerging. We hereby describe a case of a 31-year-old COVID-19-positive patient who was admitted on emergency basis. His clinical presentation was primarily neurological, rather than the COVID-19’s classical respiratory manifestations. He presented with acute behavioural changes, severe confusion and drowsiness. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with COVID-19 encephalitis, as well as the brain imaging. This experience confirms that neurological manifestations might be expected in COVID-19 infections, despite the absence of significant respiratory symptoms. Whenever certain red flags are raised, physicians who are involved in the management of COVID-19 should promptly consider the possibility of encephalitis. Early recognition of COVID-19 encephalitis and timely management may lead to a better outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938656/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237378 id: cord-324359-88vy3dre author: Kamara, Foday Mamoud title: How villagers in central Sierra Leone understand infection risks under threat of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 2949.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324359-88vy3dre.txt summary: We undertook fieldwork in two villages in central Sierra Leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with Covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks. Asked to explain their choices 48% of players cited information on infection risks modelled by the game and 31% stated that their choices reflected awareness of the need for personal action and respect for local regulations. The data relate to rural populations in Sierra Leone exposed both to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in 2014-15 and now to Covid-19 in 2020. Three kinds of responses (Table 5 , 89% of all remarks) dominated comments after people made choices in the game-need for rules governing e.g. quarantine, comments on personal capacities to prevent or avoid infection (often made in the context of justifying a choice for disease "mango"), and comments about the relative risks to be inferred from "reading the stones" (i.e. recognition of a pattern in the way the stones were cast, as in divination practices). abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern has been expressed over how well Africa is prepared to cope with the pandemic of Covid-19. Will rural populations with low levels of education know how to apply community-based infection control? We undertook fieldwork in two villages in central Sierra Leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with Covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks. METHODS: Two communities were selected based on prior contrasted exposure to Ebola Virus Disease–one with substantial number of cases and the other having resisted infection through strong community sequestration measures. We assessed understanding of infection risks via an experimental game. This asked players to express a preference for one of two diseases, one resembling Ebola with lower risk of infection and the other resembling Covid-19 with lower risk of death. Players were not told the identity of the diseases. RESULTS: In total 107 adult villagers played the game (58% women). Half (52%) preferred the disease model with lower risk of infection, 29% preferred the model with lower risk of death, while 21% saw the combined risk of infection and death as being equivalent. Differences in reactions between the two locations were small despite different experiences of Ebola. Asked to explain their choices 48% of players cited information on infection risks modelled by the game and 31% stated that their choices reflected awareness of the need for personal action and respect for local regulations. We concluded that villagers thoughtfully assess disease risks and that some are good intuitive statisticians. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest rural people in Sierra Leone retain the lessons of experience from the Ebola outbreak of 2014–15 and will be able to apply these lessons to a new infectious disease for which have no prior practical experience. Our expectation is that rural populations will understand Covid-19 control measures, thus reducing need for draconian enforcement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579602/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235108 id: cord-310105-a4fzp6bn author: Kamdar, Hera A. title: Clinician''s Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception of Practice Changes for Stroke During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 2119.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310105-a4fzp6bn.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients. The primary objective of this survey is to understand the changes in practices and policies related to acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is evident from our questionnaire that change in practices for acute stroke care including hospital transport guidelines and policies regarding interventional therapies may impact perceived stroke outcome or care. abstract: BACKGROUND: Approach to acute cerebrovascular disease management has evolved in the past few months to accommodate the rising needs of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, we investigated the changes in practices and policies related to stroke care through an online survey. METHODS: A 12 question, cross-sectional survey targeting practitioners involved in acute stroke care in the US was distributed electronically through national society surveys, social media and personal communication. RESULTS: Respondants from 39 states completed 206 surveys with the majority (82.5%) from comprehensive stroke centers. Approximately half stated some change in transport practices with 14 (7%) reporting significant reduction in transfers. Common strategies to limit healthcare provider exposure included using personal protective equipment (PPE) for all patients (127; 63.5%) as well as limiting the number of practitioners in the room (129; 64.5%). Most respondents (81%) noted an overall decrease in stroke volume. Many (34%) felt that the outcome or care of acute stroke patients had been impacted by COVID-19. This was associated with a change in hospital transport guidelines (OR 1.325, P=0.047, 95% CI: 1.004-1.748), change in eligibility criteria for IV-tPA or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) (OR 3.146, P=0.052, 95% CI: 0.988- 10.017), and modified admission practices for post IV-tPA or MT patients (OR 2.141, P=0.023, 95% CI: 1.110-4.132). CONCLUSION: Our study highlights a change in practices and polices related to acute stroke management in response to COVID-19 which are variable among institutions. There is also a reported reduction in stroke volume across hospitals. Amongst these changes, updates in hospital transport guidelines and practices related to IV-tPA and MT may affect the perceived care and outcome of acute stroke patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1052305720305978?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105179 id: cord-268389-0agwvsrv author: Kaminski, Monica A. title: Tocilizumab Therapy of COVID-19: A Comparison of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Therapies date: 2020-09-28 words: 3409.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268389-0agwvsrv.txt summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, on respiratory parameters and clinical outcome in patients with COVID 19. C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients in the IV group that did not respond (Table 2) Lastly, laboratory markers of inflammation were analyzed before and during the seven days following tocilizumab therapy to identify trends that correlated with response involving the respiratory parameters (Table 3) . Tocilizumab has been found to be associated with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory disease, particularly for patients with critical illness (i.e., requiring mechanical ventilation) (Rossotti et al., 2020 , Somers et al., 2020 . In our report, levels of C-reactive protein fell acutely in both patients that did and did not have improvement in respiratory parameters seven days following tocilizumab therapy. abstract: Background The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome, contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 disease. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, on respiratory parameters and clinical outcome in patients with COVID 19. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with either IV or SC tocilizumab from March 26, 2020 to May 18, 2020. Respiratory parameters seven days after receiving tocilizumab therapy were compared to baseline measurements. All patients were assessed until discharged from the hospital. Results Tocilizumab was administered to 125 patients: 65 received IV and 60 received SC therapy. At day seven, 52% of the patients in the IV group demonstrated improvement in respiratory parameters, compared to 28% in the SC group (P = 0.01). Mortality rates at days seven and 28 were 15% and 37%, respectively in the IV group and 17% and 50%, respectively in the SC group (P = NS). In-hospital mortality rate was 38% for the IV group versus 57% for the SC group (P = 0.04). More than 90% of patients in each group received corticosteroids, however significantly more patients in received convalescent plasma in the IV group. Conclusions At the doses used in this study, IV tocilizumab is preferred over SC therapy for the treatment of cytokine storm syndrome due to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002613/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1447 id: cord-322313-bq1g5g6p author: Kamishima, Tamotsu title: Editorial for “Clinical Potential of UTE‐MRI for Assessing the COVID‐19: Patient‐ and Lesion‐Based Comparative Analysis” date: 2020-07-11 words: 1114.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322313-bq1g5g6p.txt summary: 3 Due to the rapid spread and increasing number of COVID-19 cases caused by a new coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the rapid and accurate detection of the virus and/or the disease is increasingly vital for controlling the sources of infection and for preventing progression of the illness in patients. The accurate diagnosis of viral pneumonia based on imaging may indicate isolation and can inform the management of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially when there are no scientifically proven therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. In this issue of JMRI, Yang et al 8 report the results from a prospective study that aimed to evaluate the clinical potential of ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) for the assessment of COVID-19 using CT as the reference method. Clinical potential of UTE-MRI for assessing COVID-19: Patient-and lesion-based comparative analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32652680/ doi: 10.1002/jmri.27291 id: cord-334490-42gykxdx author: Kammerlander, Andreas A. title: COVID-19: frequently asked questions to the cardiologist date: 2020-07-24 words: 1739.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334490-42gykxdx.txt summary: The specific causes of troponin rise in COVID-19 in patients without cardiac conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and tachycardia A. Cardiac injury, defined as elevated troponin levels, is frequently observed in patients with COVID-19. The European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) issued a position statement on invasive management in patients with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic [19] . The EAPCI recommends that in cases of mild troponin elevation (<2-3 times the upper limit of normal), particularly in older patients with pre-existing cardiac conditions, a work-up for type 1 MI is not indicated, unless strongly indicated by clinical presentation and electrocardiograph (ECG) findings. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Association of Renin-Angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01696-9 doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01696-9 id: cord-347351-emdj66vj author: Kampf, Günter title: Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-18 words: 10283.0 sentences: 592.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt summary: Originating from a single travel-associated primary case from China, the first documented chain of multiple human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 outside of Asia allowed a detailed study of transmission events and identified several factors (e.g. cumulative face-toface contact, direct contact with secretions or body fluids of a patient, personal protective equipment) to classify contacts as low or high risk [32] . In the close surrounding of COVID-19 patients in hospitals SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected more frequently compared to surfaces outside the patient rooms but samples were so far consistently negative for infectious virus. General disinfection of frequently touched surfaces in the public such as shopping carts or door handles is, however, unlikely to add any protective value because even in COVID-19 wards inanimate surfaces were mainly contaminated in the permanent and immediate surrounding of symptomatic patients (detection of viral RNA, not of infectious virus) and only rarely one room away [138] suggesting that the risk to find SARS-CoV-2 on frequently touched surfaces in the public is low. abstract: During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic new studies are emerging daily providing novel information about sources, transmission risks and possible prevention measures. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on possible sources for SARS-CoV-2, including evaluation of transmission risks and effectiveness of applied prevention measures. Next to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers are a possible source with respiratory secretions as the most likely cause for viral transmission. Air and inanimate surfaces may be sources; however, viral RNA has been inconsistently detected. Similarly, even though SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected on or in personnel protective equipment, blood, urine, eyes, the gastrointestinal tract and pets, these sources are currently thought to play a negligible role for transmission. Finally, various prevention measures such as hand washing, hand disinfection, face masks, gloves, surface disinfection or physical distancing for the healthcare setting and public are analysed for their expected protective effect. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.022 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.022 id: cord-322063-96suqyfg author: Kampmeier, Stefanie title: A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit date: 2020-09-22 words: 2412.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322063-96suqyfg.txt summary: title: A nosocomial cluster of vancomycin resistant enterococci among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit Here, we report a nosocomial cluster of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) that occurred on a COVID-19 dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) despite intensified contact precautions during the current pandemic. Whole genome sequence-based typing (WGS) was used to investigate genetic relatedness of VRE isolates collected from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the outbreak and to compare them to environmental VRE samples. METHODS: Five VRE isolated from patients (three clinical and two screening samples) as well as 11 VRE and six vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus faecium (E. RESULTS: WGS revealed two genotypic distinct VRE clusters with genetically closely related patient and environmental isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate the importance of continued adherence to infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent VRE transmission and healthcare associated infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, hospitals have been forced to divert substantial resources to cope with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is unclear if this situation will affect long-standing infection prevention practices and impact on healthcare associated infections. Here, we report a nosocomial cluster of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) that occurred on a COVID-19 dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) despite intensified contact precautions during the current pandemic. Whole genome sequence-based typing (WGS) was used to investigate genetic relatedness of VRE isolates collected from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the outbreak and to compare them to environmental VRE samples. METHODS: Five VRE isolated from patients (three clinical and two screening samples) as well as 11 VRE and six vancomycin susceptible Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) samples from environmental sites underwent WGS during the outbreak investigation. Isolate relatedness was determined using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). RESULTS: WGS revealed two genotypic distinct VRE clusters with genetically closely related patient and environmental isolates. The cluster was terminated by enhanced infection control bundle strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate the importance of continued adherence to infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent VRE transmission and healthcare associated infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962759/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00820-8 id: cord-269328-ypjc5v60 author: Kamran, Aziz title: The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran date: 2020-08-07 words: 209.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269328-ypjc5v60.txt summary: key: cord-269328-ypjc5v60 title: The COVID-19 outbreak and behavioral changes, public perceptions and psychological responses in Iran journal: Arch Psychiatr Nurs cord_uid: ypjc5v60 involvement in controlling the spread of the disease has been unprecedented, such as locking up Qom and surrounding towns, extending holidays and closing schools, sending thousands of medical personnel to the affected areas, and launching intense public messaging campaigns. Second, people have relatively mixed information, partly because knowledge about the COVID-19 is growing. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak Effective recommendations for reducing anxiety and depression caused by COVID-19 outbreak in medical staff Research on COVID-19 Virus Spreading Statistics based on the Examples of the Cases from Different Countries A Mathematical Modelling Approach in the Spread of the Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak provides a unique platform to review behavioral changes in Iran. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102090. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883941720303095?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.08.002 id: cord-355590-io3qv72x author: Kanburoglu, Mehmet Kenan title: The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 words: 495.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355590-io3qv72x.txt summary: title: The Challenges of Contact Tracing in a Case of Early Neonatal Sepsis with COVID-19 To find the source of transmission, we investigated all the people who may have had contact with the baby, including the family members and the hospital staff, by testing with nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR and for total IgG and IgM (Hotgen Biotech Co.). The antibody response is closely related to disease severity; many asymptomatic people may have low antibody titers, which is inadequate for obtaining positivity on tests [2] . Characteristics and assessment of the usefulness of serological tests in the diagnostic of infections caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of available manufacturer''s data and literature review Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: different points from adults abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32572691/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03400-1 id: cord-254715-4dt8aqof author: Kander, Thomas title: Coagulation disorder in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 873.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254715-4dt8aqof.txt summary: In severe cases, the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to sepsis or septic shock as defined by the international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3), including life-threatening organ dysfunction. 2 In COVID-19-induced sepsis or septic shock, the respiratory manifestations such as severe dyspnoea and hypoxaemia are particularly obvious and pertinent and are also the basis for the grading of mild, moderate, severe, and critical COVID-19 infection, as suggested by the diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia published by National Health Commission in China. Pending the results of several randomised controlled trials (NCT04345848, NCT04366960, NCT04367831 and NCT04372589), the opinion of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis on thrombosis prophylaxis is that "a change of anticoagulant regimen from prophylactic low molecular weight heparin or intermediate-dose to treatment-dose regimen can be considered in patients without established venous thromboembolism, but deteriorating pulmonary status or acute respiratory distress syndrome". abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352302620302180 doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30218-0 id: cord-317323-wp3vh4c1 author: Kandhari, Rajat title: The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An expert consensus date: 2020-10-28 words: 3108.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317323-wp3vh4c1.txt summary: It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. While certain guidelines and expert consensus have recently been published [2] [3] [4] providing an overview of "safe" working protocols, it appears that we are evolving every day in our practices with respect to "what works" and "what does not." Our article aims to bridge the gap between guidelines and in-clinic experiences to provide a set of best practices to follow for aesthetic procedures after reopening our practices. In contrast, the occurrence of airborne transmission is due to smaller particles, which maybe suspended in the air for long periods and can infect people distant from the source (eg, AGP''s)PPE consists of protective apparel and/or equipment designed for providing protection against infectious agents to HCW''s and their patients. Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings abstract: Until vaccination for the SARS‐CoV‐2 becomes a reality, it appears that the infection is here to stay. With many countries lifting lockdown restrictions, aesthetic clinics have started reopening with strict standard operating procedures in place. It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures, and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. An online meeting of eight experts in the field of aesthetic dermatology was convened, which particularly focussed on PPE in detail, risk categorization of aesthetic procedures, preprocedure recommendations, and generalized and specialized SOP's for aesthetic procedures. These recommendations were aimed to bridge the gap between published guidelines and clinical practice and are by no means fully conclusive, but signify learnings over the past few months in an active clinical aesthetic practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33090637/ doi: 10.1111/dth.14382 id: cord-325844-w0zqxwdh author: Kanekar, Amar title: COVID-19 and Mental Well-Being: Guidance on the Application of Behavioral and Positive Well-Being Strategies date: 2020-09-12 words: 2917.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325844-w0zqxwdh.txt summary: Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have provided some guidelines to reduce stress and initiate coping [9] , the need of the hour seems to be planning and having resources and techniques for long-term mental health flourishing and better emotional health management. Although there is enough evidence-based literature on the application of positive mental health techniques at individual level for stress reduction or life fulfillment, its application in a pandemic scenario is minimally explored [17, 18] . There are several determinants of positive mental health such as hardiness, sense of coherence, social support, optimism, and self-esteem [36] that are important in the context of COVID-19. abstract: The raging COVID-19 pandemic has been a great source of anxiety, distress, and stress among the population. Along with mandates for social distancing and infection control measures, the growing importance of managing and cultivating good mental well-being practices cannot be disregarded. The purpose of this commentary is to outline and discuss some research-proven positive well-being and stress reduction strategies to instill healthy coping mechanisms among individuals and community members. The authors anticipate that usage of these strategies at the individual and the community level should greatly benefit the mental well-being not only in the current COVID-19 pandemic but also in any future epidemics at the national level. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32932613/ doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030336 id: cord-262029-zzn74cjr author: Kang, Chang Kyung title: In vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at concentrations achievable by usual doses date: 2020-05-29 words: 2575.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262029-zzn74cjr.txt summary: We examined the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2, at concentrations which can be used to treat coronavirus-19 patients with little concern of toxicity. Its in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, has been recently suggested [4] . Therefore, the screening of poten-tial antivirals to fight COVID-19 is urgently needed and led us to assess the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 at clinically administrable doses. We examined the in vitro activity of the oral antivirals lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 at their patient administrable doses. In conclusion, this in vitro experimental study showed that lopinavir/ritonavir, at its clinically relevant concentration, showed significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity when it was administered following viral infection. 1. Lopinavir/ritonavir showed significant anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activity both in terms of the prevention of cytotoxicity and reducing the viral load at plasma concentrations achievable by usual doses. abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: As the coronavirus disease-2019 global pandemic progresses, screening of antiviral agents effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed. In addition, considering the viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, which peaks early in the illness, and the massive burden of the disease, which may increase in the near future, identifying well-tolerated oral antivirals becomes increasingly important. We examined the in vitro activity of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2, at concentrations which can be used to treat coronavirus-19 patients with little concern of toxicity. METHODS: Lopinavir/ritonavir (7/1.75 μg/mL), hydroxychloroquine base (1 or 2 μg/mL), or a combination thereof were administered 1 hour after the inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 to Vero cells at a multiplicity of infection of 0.05. We examined cytopathic effects of virus 48 hours after administration of the respective treatments and measured viral loads at three time points (0, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment) by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and compared the results obtained from the different antiviral regimens tested. RESULTS: The severity of cytopathic effects was lower in lopinavir/ritonavir-treated cells, and viral load was significantly reduced in this group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). However, hydroxychloroquine did not show significant inhibitory effects on anti-SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytotoxicity or on viral load at either concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Lopinavir/ritonavir showed significant inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro at its usual plasma concentration. However, the in vitro antiviral activity of hydroxychloroquine at concentrations commonly used in humans was minimal, whether used alone or in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460458/ doi: 10.3904/kjim.2020.157 id: cord-302279-d1or6wty author: Kang, Chuanyuan title: Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-04-07 words: 796.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302279-d1or6wty.txt summary: title: Patients with chronic illness urgently need integrated physical and psychological care during the COVID-19 outbreak With the global outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (Wang et al., 2020) , different quarantine policies have been implemented in different countries in order to control the epidemic in time. While the epidemic continues to ravage most of countries, becoming a worldwide public health emergency, and social isolation will be required for the whole society, the patients with chronic severe diseases would suffer from more and more difficulties. Now the outbreak is under control for China since the middle of March, many patients flood into hospitals seeking for help, however, because some medical staffs from other provinces are still in Hubei or in the quarantine last for14 days, in addition to the shortage of medical supplies, so medical physicians can only take care of some patients physically. Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289729/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102081 id: cord-291638-oatrjbo3 author: Kang, Dayun title: Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-04-03 words: 2637.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291638-oatrjbo3.txt summary: This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January–06 February 2020. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. There are 31 provinces in mainland China, and this study used 3 weeks'' data from 16 January to 06 February 2020, which was during the early stages of COVID-19 in China. Because COVID-19 spread from Hubei Province, the epicentre of the outbreak, the number of newly confirmed cases in the provinces neighbouring Hubei was investigated. It used Moran''s I statistic, a measure of spatial association, for the number of confirmed cases with different types of neighbourhoods. On 22 January Models 1-4 first detected a significant spatial dependency on the number of newly confirmed cases. Since approximately 24 January, the number of newly confirmed cases show significant spatial dependency in Models 1 and 2. abstract: BACKGROUND: On 31 December 2019 an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, was reported. The outbreak spread rapidly to other Chinese cities and multiple countries. This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January–06 February 2020. METHODS: This study explored the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China. Moran’s I spatial statistic with various definitions of neighbours was used to conduct a test to determine whether a spatial association of the COVID-19 infections existed. RESULTS: The spatial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China was observed. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial analysis is of great help in understanding the spread of infectious diseases, and spatial association was the key to the spatial spread during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32251789/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.076 id: cord-033759-cjxzenld author: Kang, Jaeho title: The Media Spectacle of a Techno-City: COVID-19 and the South Korean Experience of the State of Emergency date: 2020-08-17 words: 4547.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033759-cjxzenld.txt summary: Analyzing the intensification of surveillance and the rapid datafication of society, this essay argues that the current state of emergency is not a breakdown of normality but a continuation of the state of crisis and disaster that rules a developing country like South Korea. 7 Les Echos, the oldest French financial newspaper, featured an opinion column arguing that the French government should not sacrifice individual freedoms by adopting the tracking measures deployed by South Korea, a totalitarian country with "a culture of hyper-surveillance and denunciation." 8 The Asia Times, a Hong Kong-based news platform, stressed that Confucian Asian countries were winning the war against COVID-19 while Western countries were losing the battle with "fear, panic and hysteria." 9 The portrayal of Korea as a Confucian patriarchal country-that is, a hierarchical, homogeneous, monolithic, traditional, and collectivist society in Asia-is not only found in media outlets but also resonates in a more sophisticated and philosophical way among prominent intellectuals. abstract: This essay provides a critical observation of the South Korean government's distinctive management of COVID-19 with particular reference to the state of emergency. It reveals that the success of South Korea's handling of the pandemic is largely attributed by a majority of Western media to the efficient deployment of both information and communication technologies and Confucian collectivism, two components that seem contradictory yet not incompatible under the rubric of techno-Orientalism. Analyzing the intensification of surveillance and the rapid datafication of society, this essay argues that the current state of emergency is not a breakdown of normality but a continuation of the state of crisis and disaster that rules a developing country like South Korea. In doing so, the essay seeks to facilitate a critical discussion about a new mode of democracy in the era of pandemic that increasingly grapples with tensions between individual freedom and public health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556903/ doi: 10.1017/s0021911820002302 id: cord-028034-pjotppso author: Kang, Jian‐Sheng title: Vitamin intervention for cytokine storm in the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-19 words: 1485.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028034-pjotppso.txt summary: The clinical features of 138 patients with COVID-19 revealed that the number of lymphocytes decreased, the number of monocytes unchanged, and the number of neutrophil significantly increased, which might account for the cytokine storm. 7 Together, the simultaneous administration of sufficient Vc and Vd might ameliorate the neutrophil-related cytokine storm in the patients with COVID-19, especially those under ICU (Figure 1 ). Neutrophil-related cytokine storm was reported to be associated with the severity and death of patients with COVID-19. Vitamin C could decrease the number of neutrophils, escort the apoptotic process, and avoid inflammatory necrosis following the activation of neutrophil dietary intakes of ∼100 mg/day, 5 it is important to use safe dose for the intervention of neutrophil-related cytokine storm and avoid slowing the clearance of viruses by immune response. The role of vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients and associated mortality abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7323139/ doi: 10.1002/mco2.7 id: cord-264037-43yr6qon author: Kang, Yun-Jung title: Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea date: 2020-05-07 words: 2855.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264037-43yr6qon.txt summary: The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study collected and studied various cases of COVID-19 infections to the time of this writing to determine measures of prevention against the spread of the disease, while suggesting a managerial direction for public health, which is in urgent demand now. The temporary conclusion of this study, based on limited epidemiological data and information on confirmed cases currently available, is that group meetings lead to mass infections of COVID-19, and that caring for individual hygiene by wearing masks and sanitary gloves can prevent its spread. abstract: On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378503/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.141 id: cord-349078-59wel5o5 author: Kanniah, Kasturi Devi title: COVID-19''s impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region date: 2020-05-25 words: 5857.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349078-59wel5o5.txt summary: In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO2 column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. In addition, for a more detailed analysis over Malaysia, which is only marginally affected by the forest and vegetation fires in the northern part of SEA, the AOD values were extracted for a single pixel Emili et al., 2011 ) that is located over or closest to the 65 monitoring stations including industrial (7), urban (10) cultivation, biogenic emissions, dust, peat and vegetation fires, which explain the comparable or even higher AODs than the urban sites, a large part of the significant AOD decrease at all sites is attributed to the general shutdown of the anthropogenic activities in order to restrict the expansion of COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has evolved a global pandemic within three months, with more than 4.3 million confirmed cases worldwide until mid-May 2020. As many countries around the world, Malaysia and other southeast Asian (SEA) countries have also enforced lockdown at different degrees to contain the spread of the disease, which has brought some positive effects on natural environment. Therefore, evaluating the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 and the related governmental measures to restrict its expansion is crucial to assess its impacts on air pollution and economic growth. In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO2 column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. The lockdown has led to a notable decrease in AOD over SEA and in the pollution outflow over the oceanic regions, while a significant decrease (27% - 30%) in tropospheric NO2 was observed over areas not affected by seasonal biomass burning. Especially in Malaysia, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO concentrations have been decreased by 26–31%, 23–32%, 63–64%, 9–20%, and 25–31%, respectively, in the urban areas during the lockdown phase, compared to the same periods in 2018 and 2019. Notable reductions are also seen at industrial, suburban and rural sites across the country. Quantifying the reductions in major and health harmful air pollutants is crucial for health-related research and for air-quality and climate-change studies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720331788 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139658 id: cord-311559-vkb7a4cm author: Kanwugu, Osman N. title: HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective date: 2020-07-28 words: 2487.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311559-vkb7a4cm.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly identified coronavirus, which was first recognized in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has since rapidly spread to over 200 countries/territories/areas and have been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). 4, 6, 7 In line with this, one of the puzzling questions in the wake of this pandemic is "Does HIV infection increases the risk of getting and disease severity of COVID-19?." This is important, especially in Africa, as the region accounts for more than 70% of the global burden of human immunodefeciency virus (HIV) infection. The first case of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection was reported in Wuhan, China, the terminus a quo of the pandemic. Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a 58-year-old patient with HIV: a clinical case report from the Republic of Cyprus abstract: Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. Several medical comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, it remains unclear whether people living with human immunodefeciency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk of COVID‐19 and severe disease manifestation, with controversial suggestion that HIV‐infected individuals could be protected from severe COVID‐19 by means of antiretroviral therapy or HIV‐related immunosuppression. Several cases of coinfection with HIV and SARS‐CoV‐2 have been reported from different parts of the globe. This review seeks to provide a holistic overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in PLWH. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692406/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26321 id: cord-294624-d71za6hi author: Kapepula, Paulin M. title: Artemisia Spp. Derivatives for COVID-19 Treatment: Anecdotal Use, Political Hype, Treatment Potential, Challenges, and Road Map to Randomized Clinical Trials date: 2020-07-23 words: 2138.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294624-d71za6hi.txt summary: authors: Kapepula, Paulin M.; Kabengele, Jimmy K.; Kingombe, Micheline; Van Bambeke, Françoise; Tulkens, Paul M.; Sadiki Kishabongo, Antoine; Decloedt, Eric; Zumla, Adam; Tiberi, Simon; Suleman, Fatima; Tshilolo, Léon; Muyembe-TamFum, Jean-Jacques; Zumla, Alimuddin; Nachega, Jean B. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. This highlights the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through controlled trials, and for efficacious compounds, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. 6, 7 Among many, derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua (Figure 1 ) have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. Annua for COVID-19 following claims from politicians and others in low-income countries highlights the need for hard data to establish the active ingredients; develop formulations and dosing; define the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety; and evaluate efficacy through controlled trials. abstract: The world is currently facing a novel COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that, as of July 12, 2020, has caused a reported 12,322,395 cases and 556,335 deaths. To date, only two treatments, remdesivir and dexamethasone, have demonstrated clinical efficacy through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in seriously ill patients. The search for new or repurposed drugs for treatment of COVID-19 continues. We have witnessed anecdotal use of herbal medicines, including Artemisia spp. extracts, in low-income countries, and exaggerated claims of their efficacies that are not evidence based, with subsequent political controversy. These events highlight the urgent need for further research on herbal compounds to evaluate efficacy through RCTs, and, when efficacious compounds are identified, to establish the active ingredients, develop formulations and dosing, and define pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and safety to enable drug development. Derivatives from the herb Artemisia annua have been used as traditional medicine over centuries for the treatment of fevers, malaria, and respiratory tract infections. We review the bioactive compounds, pharmacological and immunological effects, and traditional uses for Artemisia spp. derivatives, and discuss the challenges and controversies surrounding current efforts and the scientific road map to advance them to prevent or treat COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0820 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0820 id: cord-259311-ccx61owl author: Kapitula, D. S. title: Performance & Quality Evaluation of Marketed COVID-19 RNA Detection Kits date: 2020-05-01 words: 3175.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259311-ccx61owl.txt summary: In order to provide better understanding of the Quality and performance of COVID-19 RNA detection kits on the market, we designed a system to evaluate the specificity (quantitation), sensitivity (LOD) and robustness of the kits using positive RNA and pseudovirus controls based on COVID-19 genomic sequence. At the time of submission, 23 diagnostic kits have been approved in China, of which 8 are based on quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using COVID-19 viral RNA sequence as templates and fluorescence detection. Our study aims at providing objective evaluation and comparison of the quality and performance characteristics of 8 of the currently marketed COVID-19 nucleic acid detection kits in China based on qPCR and fluorescence detection. Our study provides an elegant design to define the most important performance characteristics of the RNA detection kits for COVID-19, which are specificity (quantitative), sensitivity (LOD), and robustness. abstract: Compared to other coronaviruses, COVID-19 has a longer incubation period and features asymptomatic infection at a high rate (>25%). Therefore, early detection of infection is the key to early isolation and treatment. Direct detection of the virus itself has advantages over indirect detection. Currently, the most sensitive and commercially validated method for COVID-19 testing is RT-qPCR, designed to detect amplified virus-specific RNA. Reliable testing has proven to be a bottleneck in early diagnosis of virus infection in all countries dealing with the pandemic. Significant performance and quality issues with available testing kits have caused confusion and serious health risks. In order to provide better understanding of the Quality and performance of COVID-19 RNA detection kits on the market, we designed a system to evaluate the specificity (quantitation), sensitivity (LOD) and robustness of the kits using positive RNA and pseudovirus controls based on COVID-19 genomic sequence. We evaluated 8 Nucleic Acid qPCR Kits approved in China, some of which are also approved in the US and EU. Our study showed that half of these 8 kits lack 1:1 linear relationship for virus RNA copy: qPCR signal. Of the 4 with linear response, 2 demonstrated sensitivity at 1 Copy viral RNA/Reaction, suitable for early detection of virus infection. Furthermore, we established the best RNA extraction, handling and qPCR procedures allowing highly sensitive and consistent performance using BGI qPCR kits. Our study provides an effective method to assess and compare performance quality of all COVID-19 nucleic acid testing kits, globally. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20080002 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20080002 id: cord-197922-i1ojh8jj author: Kapoor, Amol title: Examining COVID-19 Forecasting using Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks date: 2020-07-06 words: 3791.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-197922-i1ojh8jj.txt summary: In this work, we examine a novel forecasting approach for COVID-19 case prediction that uses Graph Neural Networks and mobility data. In contrast to existing time series forecasting models, the proposed approach learns from a single large-scale spatio-temporal graph, where nodes represent the region-level human mobility, spatial edges represent the human mobility based inter-region connectivity, and temporal edges represent node features through time. We evaluate this approach on the US county level COVID-19 dataset, and demonstrate that the rich spatial and temporal information leveraged by the graph neural network allows the model to learn complex dynamics. We propose a spatio-temporal graph neural network that can learn the complex dynamics inherent to disease modeling, and use this model to make forecasts on COVID-19 daily new cases from fine-grained mobility data. abstract: In this work, we examine a novel forecasting approach for COVID-19 case prediction that uses Graph Neural Networks and mobility data. In contrast to existing time series forecasting models, the proposed approach learns from a single large-scale spatio-temporal graph, where nodes represent the region-level human mobility, spatial edges represent the human mobility based inter-region connectivity, and temporal edges represent node features through time. We evaluate this approach on the US county level COVID-19 dataset, and demonstrate that the rich spatial and temporal information leveraged by the graph neural network allows the model to learn complex dynamics. We show a 6% reduction of RMSLE and an absolute Pearson Correlation improvement from 0.9978 to 0.998 compared to the best performing baseline models. This novel source of information combined with graph based deep learning approaches can be a powerful tool to understand the spread and evolution of COVID-19. We encourage others to further develop a novel modeling paradigm for infectious disease based on GNNs and high resolution mobility data. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.03113v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-303600-96vtj89w author: Kapoor, Deeksha title: Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery in COVID Times date: 2020-10-22 words: 3568.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303600-96vtj89w.txt summary: This led to the cancellation and delay in elective surgical cases which can have far-reaching consequences This study reports our experience of elective gastro-intestinal surgical procedures during the COVID pandemic, after instating preventive strategies and screening protocols to prevent the transmission of COVID infection. With preventive and screening strategies and proper patient selection, it is possible to deliver safe GI surgical services during the COVID pandemic, without increasing the risk for major postoperative complications. None of the surgical patients developed COVID-related symptoms in the postoperative period or required testing while in the hospital. Our experience taught us that there are three main challenges in surgery during the COVID pandemic, namely, how to select patients for elective surgical procedures; modifications, if any, of the existing treatment and surgical protocols; and ensuring the safety of patients and the healthcare personnel involved. abstract: With the COVID pandemic claiming deaths the world over, the healthcare systems were overburdened. This led to the cancellation and delay in elective surgical cases which can have far-reaching consequences This study reports our experience of elective gastro-intestinal surgical procedures during the COVID pandemic, after instating preventive strategies and screening protocols to prevent the transmission of COVID infection. This is a case series analysis of elective gastro-intestinal surgical procedures performed from March 24, 2020, to July 31, 2020. During this period, 314 gastro-intestinal surgical procedures were performed; of which, 45% were for malignancies. The median age of patients was 54 years (range 8 to 94 years). Laparoscopy was used in 43% cases. Major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 3 and above) were witnessed in 3.5% (11/314) patients, with no statistically significant difference when compared with the rate of major complications last year (45/914, 4.9% vs 11/314, 3.5%, p = 0.3). The 30-day mortality rate was 1% (n = 3). No patient developed COVID in the postoperative period. With preventive and screening strategies and proper patient selection, it is possible to deliver safe GI surgical services during the COVID pandemic, without increasing the risk for major postoperative complications. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02642-9 doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02642-9 id: cord-322142-y7v8tcnb author: Kapoor, Indu title: Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals – A crucial phase date: 2020-05-26 words: 559.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322142-y7v8tcnb.txt summary: • Transportation of COVID-19 patient carries very high transmission risk to personals involved. Apart from procedures that promote aerosol production, transportation of COVID-19 patient carries a very high transmission risk to personnel involved. If available, one can use a barrier enclosure, that is, a transparent plastic box with small ventilation ports on both sides covering head of the patient. [5] In situations where none of the above is available, use of large transparent sheet to cover the patient from head to toe could be a possible solution. For shifting of intubated COVID-19 patient, a dedicated transport ventilator should be utilized. Aerosol box and large transparent sheets covering patients head can also be used in intubated COVID-19 patients to avoid aerosol exposure. The purpose of this communication is to highlight possible measures that can help avoid aerosol exposure to the personnel involved in shifting of COVID-19 patients. Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 abstract: • COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between humans through respiratory droplets and contact routes. • Transportation of COVID-19 patient carries very high transmission risk to personals involved. • Worldwide, clinicians are using many measures that can be executed easily to prevent aerosol exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0952818020309454 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109931 id: cord-323965-6mzzibj8 author: Kapoor, Krishan Mohan title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Consensus Guidelines for Preferred Practices in an Aesthetic Clinic date: 2020-05-16 words: 3357.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323965-6mzzibj8.txt summary: A set of consensus guidelines for ''preferred practices'' in aesthetic clinics is proposed in this paper for maintaining a high level of safety for the patients coming to the clinic for treatment as well as for the doctors/ therapists performing the procedures. • Small procedure rooms 12 with limited or no natural ventilation • Central air conditioning having a single cooling unit and multiple room vents in most aesthetic clinics, without HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filtration as present in most operating rooms 13 • Inadequate distance between the patient and treating doctor or therapist 14 • Some of the procedures could take a long time with a patient, e.g., Full Face Ultherapy treatment, Whole body laser hair reduction • Repeated handling of equipment like touch screen, desktop, patient chairs by doctor/therapist and initial screening and handling of patient forms, cash, credit card by the front office staff abstract: BACKGROUND: Strict infection control measures in response to the current COVID‐19 pandemic are expected to remain for an extended period. In aesthetic clinics, most procedures are provided on one to one basis by the physician or therapist. In such a scenario, guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are of particular importance. METHODS: An online meeting of an international group of experts in the field of aesthetic medicine, with experience in administration of an aesthetic clinic, was convened. The meeting aimed to provide a set of consensus guidelines to protect clinic staff and patients from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. RESULTS: Consensus guidelines for ‘preferred practices' were provided for scheduling of patients, patient evaluation and triaging, and for safety precautions about the different procedures. Procedures were categorized into low‐risk, moderate risk, and high‐risk based on the likelihood of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus from the patient to the treating physician or therapist. CONCLUSIONS: While not intended to be complete or exhaustive, these guidelines provide sound infection control measures for aesthetic practices. Since guidelines regarding safety measures and use of PPEs may vary from country to country, the local guidelines should also be followed to prevent COVID‐19 infection in aesthetic clinics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415753/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13597 id: cord-144221-ohorip57 author: Kapoor, Mudit title: Authoritarian Governments Appear to Manipulate COVID Data date: 2020-07-19 words: 3198.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-144221-ohorip57.txt summary: First, data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from authoritarian governments show significantly less variation from a 7 day moving average. Second, data on COVID-19 deaths from authoritarian governments do not follow Benford''s law, which describes the distribution of leading digits of numbers. Figure 2 plots the natural logarithm of the mean of the squared deviation of daily cases and deaths per million people, respectively, from the 7 day moving average against the EIU''s overall democracy index score. We investigate whether governments manipulate data by testing whether the COVID-19 data on cumulative cases and deaths across different regimes (authoritarian, hybrid, flawed democracy, and full democracy) confirms to Benford''s law. Natural logarithm of the Mean of squared deviations of observed daily cases and deaths per million people from a 7-day centered moving average, by EIU democracy index score. abstract: Because SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) statistics affect economic policies and political outcomes, governments have an incentive to control them. Manipulation may be less likely in democracies, which have checks to ensure transparency. We show that data on disease burden bear indicia of data modification by authoritarian governments relative to democratic governments. First, data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from authoritarian governments show significantly less variation from a 7 day moving average. Because governments have no reason to add noise to data, lower deviation is evidence that data may be massaged. Second, data on COVID-19 deaths from authoritarian governments do not follow Benford's law, which describes the distribution of leading digits of numbers. Deviations from this law are used to test for accounting fraud. Smoothing and adjustments to COVID-19 data may indicate other alterations to these data and a need to account for such alterations when tracking the disease. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.09566v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-030256-muah207b author: Kapoor, Poonam Malhotra title: COVID-19 Thrombosis: An Unsolved Mystery date: 2020-07-24 words: 1649.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030256-muah207b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030256-muah207b.txt summary: The marked elevation of IL-6 in patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) led to the institution of successful targeted therapy for the treatment of CRS using IL-6 receptor blockade (tocilizumab). It is widely acknowledged that the majority of COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, are characterized by lymphocytopenia. Where extracorporeal life support (ECLS) expertise is available, it should be considered according to the standard management algorithm for ARDS in supporting patients with viral lower respiratory tract infection. Although there are no published outcomes, early experience in Wuhan, China, indicates that prone position was widely used in patients with COVID-19 related severe ARDS and had possible benefits. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study United States Center for Disease Control interim guidance for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7416208/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715279 id: cord-258670-dphg8ukj author: Karaahmet, Fatih title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-10 words: 599.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258670-dphg8ukj.txt summary: title: Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19 In light of this information, the sufficient repair of the endothelial lining of blood vessels with Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) treatment may have a crucial role to overcome the vascular collapse driving forces in COVID-19 patients, as well as to modulate human immune system. Accumulating evidence leads to suggest that bone marrow-derived EPCs for repairing endothelial damage is now considered as an important novel potential therapeutic option for vascular repair (7, 8) . In critical patients in the course of COVID-19, EPCs may have an important contribution to stem cell treatments to maintain vascular endothelin functions. In critical patients who do not respond to current treatment, the restoration of vascular endothelial function and modulation of immune system by synergistic use of EPCs and MSCs may have a crucial role to overcome the vascular collapse driving forces in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32590321/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109973 id: cord-304340-9mrtic2k author: Karacan, Ilker title: The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey date: 2020-05-15 words: 2988.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304340-9mrtic2k.txt summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 has a lower mutation rate than expected [18] , real-time tracking of the virus isolates in populations may help epidemiological understanding of the disease and early detection of important mutational or recombination events. Herein, we analyzed full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from three patients in Istanbul together with their clinical findings. Sample Collection: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from unrelated patients and tested for SARS-CoV-2 presence as a standard care protocol for routine diagnosis in Umraniye Training and Research Hospital (UEAH), Istanbul. The physical examination in the emergency department revealed a body temperature of 36.8°C, blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg, the pulse of 100 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation of 97% while the patient was breathing ambient air. Herein, we report three virus genomes isolated in Istanbul for the first time together with patients'' clinical findings. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Turkey is one of the latest countries that COVID-19 disease was reported, with the first case on March 11, 2020, and since then, Istanbul became the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey. Here, we reveal sequences of the virus isolated from three different patients with various clinical presentations. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens of the patients were tested positive for the COVID-19 by qRT-PCR. Viral RNA extraction was performed from the same swab samples. Amplicon based libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Raw sequencing data were processed for variant calling and generating near-complete genome sequences. All three genomes were evaluated and compared with other worldwide isolates. RESULTS: The patients showed various clinics (an asymptomatic patient, patient with mild disease, and with severe pulmonary infiltration). Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach successfully applied to generate near-complete genomes with an average depth of 2.616. All three viral genomes carried the D614G variant (G clade according to GISAID classification) with implications for the origin of a spread first through China to Europe then to Istanbul. CONCLUSION: Here, we report the viral genomes circulating in Istanbul for the first time. Further sequencing of the virus isolates may enable us to understand variations in disease presentation and association with viral factors if there is any. In addition, the sequencing of more viral genomes will delineate the spread of disease and will guide and ease the necessary measures taken to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus. url: https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.90532 doi: 10.14744/nci.2020.90532 id: cord-291025-u5z8zji3 author: Karami, Parisa title: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings date: 2020-04-11 words: 2872.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291025-u5z8zji3.txt summary: title: Mortality of a pregnant patient diagnosed with COVID-19: A case report with clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings According to the data, several clinical outcomes such as sepsis, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, coagulopathy, acute cardiac injury, and acute kidney injury are significantly (all P-values < 0.0001) higher in non-survivor patients compared to survivors. To our knowledge, this case is the first maternal death reported for pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 so far. An early study has evaluated the outcome of nine pregnant patients with COVID-19 without any specific underlying diagnosed diseases (all gestational ages ≥36 weeks). Another study evaluated 13 pregnant patients (two cases < and 11 cases≥ 28 week of gestation) diagnosed with COVID-19. This case with the mentioned clinical, imaging, and laboratory data was the first report of COVID-19 pregnancy mortality. abstract: This report highlights details on a pregnant case of COVID-19 who unfortunately did not survive. This 27-year-old woman at her 30 and 3/7 weeks’ gestation was referred to our center with fever, myalgia, and cough. The laboratory investigations showed leukopenia and lymphopenia as well as increased creatinine and CRP levels. The first chest X-ray (faint bilateral patchy opacities) and CT scan (some faint subpleural ground-glass opacities associated with pleural thickening) were not typical for initial COVID-19 pulmonary infection, however, the treatment for COVID-19 was started. Due to respiratory distress, she was intubated and put under mechanical ventilation. After a while, the fetus was born with Apgar score of 0 and did not react to the neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol. Finally, due to deterioration in the clinical and imaging findings, the patient was expired as a result of multi-organ failure. Following the death, autopsy was performed and the histopathologic evaluations of the lungs showed evidence of viral pneumonia (viral cytopathic effect and a mild increase in alveolar wall thickness) and ARDS (hyaline membrane). Also, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of maternal death with confirmed COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920301332 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101665 id: cord-279891-v71rysnw author: Karampekos, George title: Differences between fellows and fellowship program directors in their perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology training: results from a nationwide survey in Greece date: 2020-10-12 words: 3154.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279891-v71rysnw.txt summary: In both questionnaires, the latter section consisted of the same 20 questions, classified into 5 distinctive domains, assessing participants'' perception of the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on: 1) the overall impact on training; 2) the impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) the impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) the impact on academic training; and 5) perspectives regarding training in the post-pandemic era. Specifically, one international study, involving 770 trainees from 63 countries [8] , reported that the pandemic led to restrictions in endoscopic volumes (99%; IQR 85-100% reduction in all procedures) and endoscopy training, with high rates of anxiety and burnout, while a second questionnaire distributed to members of the Italian Young Gastroenterologist and Endoscopist Association and some European representatives, not including Greece [9] , underlined the significant impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on gastroenterologists'' clinical activity. abstract: BACKGROUND: Lockdown measures applied during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused a significant disturbance to hospital routine. We assessed trainees’ and fellowship directors’ perceptions regarding the impact of the pandemic on gastroenterology fellowship training. METHODS: A web-based survey was anonymously disseminated to all Greek gastroenterology fellows and fellowship program directors. Participants completed electronically a questionnaire comprised of 5 domains that assessed participants’ perception of: 1) overall impact on training; 2) impact on training in gastroenterology-specific fields (endoscopy, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatology); 3) impact on different aspects of endoscopy training; 4) impact on academic training; and 5) training perspectives for the post-pandemic era. RESULTS: A total of 77/128 fellows (60.1%) and 18/28 fellowship program directors (64.3%) responded. More fellows reported that the COVID-19 pandemic would have an adverse impact on fellowship training compared to their fellowship program directors (81.8% vs. 55.6%, P=0.038). This concern was mainly focused on endoscopy training (83.1% vs. 27.8%, P<0.001), with no difference regarding training in gastroenterology’s other specific fields. The difference was consistent for technical skills (79.2% vs. 38.9%, P=0.001), and for the performance of basic diagnostic (70.1% vs. 22.2%, P<0.001) and emergency (48.1% vs. 11.1%, P=0.004) procedures. Fellows and fellowship program directors identified the unknown timeframe of measure implementation and the postponement of scheduled endoscopic procedures as the main factors that negatively affected training. Extension of the fellowship training program was deemed the optimal option by fellows for addressing the training decrement in the post-pandemic era, while fellowship program directors favored an increase in workload. CONCLUSION: Fellows and their fellowship program directors do not share the same concerns about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on training programs and they propose different measures to remedy its effects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162746/ doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0546 id: cord-347775-hidb8q1u author: Karatza, Eleni title: Optimization of hydroxychloroquine dosing scheme based on COVID-19 patients’ characteristics: a review of the literature and simulations date: 2020-09-30 words: 5968.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt summary: Model-based simulations of HCQ concentrations revealed that high initial doses followed by low and sparse doses may offer significant benefits to patients by decreasing the viral load without reaching levels considered to produce adverse effects. 4. Based on the results from simulations performed and the currently published knowledge regarding HCQ in COVID-19 treatment, this study provides evidence that a high loading dose followed by sparse doses could offer significant benefits to the patients. Dosing schemes were designed in order to achieve a fast onset of "high" concentrations during the initial phase of the disease, since an initial higher viral load is anticipated, especially for patients with severe COVID-19, and then keep HCQ blood levels below 2250 ng/ml and over 500 ng/ml, at all times. abstract: 1. During the recent COVID-19 outbreak hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been proposed as a safe and effective therapeutic option. However, a wide variety of dosing schemes has been applied in the clinical practice and tested in clinical studies. 2. An extended literature survey was performed investigating the pharmacokinetics, the efficacy and safety of HCQ in COVID-19 treatment. Population pharmacokinetic models were retrieved from the literature and after evaluation and assessment one was selected in order to perform simulations. 3. The most commonly applied dosing schemes were explored for patients with different weights and different levels of HCQ clearance impairment. Model-based simulations of HCQ concentrations revealed that high initial doses followed by low and sparse doses may offer significant benefits to patients by decreasing the viral load without reaching levels considered to produce adverse effects. For instance, the dosing scheme proposed for a 70 kg adult with moderate COVID-19 symptoms would be 600 mg upon diagnosis, 400 mg after 12 h, 300 mg after 24 h, 200 mg after 36 h, followed by 200 mg BID for 4 d, followed by 200 mg OD for 5 d. 4. Based on the results from simulations performed and the currently published knowledge regarding HCQ in COVID-19 treatment, this study provides evidence that a high loading dose followed by sparse doses could offer significant benefits to the patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32933365/ doi: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1824301 id: cord-317512-kx0u9955 author: Karaye, Ibraheem M. title: The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships date: 2020-06-26 words: 3668.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317512-kx0u9955.txt summary: This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. At the "global" level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. At the "global" level, the finding that overall SVI and minority status and language were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts, highlights the impact of social vulnerability on the pandemic. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and disability, and housing and transportation were found to predict COVID-19 case counts in U.S. counties. abstract: Introduction Because of their inability to access adequate medical care, transportation, and nutrition, socially vulnerable populations are at increased risk of health challenges during disasters. This study estimates the association between case counts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and social vulnerability in the U.S., identifying counties at increased vulnerability to the pandemic. Methods Using Social Vulnerability Index and COVID-19 case count data, an ordinary least squares regression model was fitted to assess the “global” relationship between COVID-19 case counts and social vulnerability. Local relationships were assessed using a geographically weighted regression model, which is effective in exploring spatial non-stationarity. Results As of May 12, 2020, a total of 1,320,909 people had been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the U.S. Of the counties included in this study (91.5%, 2,844/3,108), the highest case count was recorded in Trousdale, Tennessee (16,525.22 per 100,000) and the lowest in Tehama, California (1.54 per 100,000). At the “global” level, overall Social Vulnerability Index (e β=1.65, p=0.03) and minority status and language (e β=6.69, p<0.001) were associated with increased COVID-19 case counts. However, based on the “local” geographically weighted model, the association between social vulnerability and COVID-19 varied among counties. Overall, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Large-scale disasters differentially affect the health of marginalized communities. In this study, minority status and language, household composition and transportation, and housing and disability predicted COVID-19 case counts in the U.S. Addressing the social factors that create poor health is essential to reducing inequities in the health impacts of disasters. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379720302592?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.006 id: cord-330936-qf4q8yqq author: Kardeş, Sinan title: Public interest in rheumatic diseases and rheumatologist in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Google Trends date: 2020-10-18 words: 2811.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330936-qf4q8yqq.txt summary: A wide range of search terms were determined to represent nearly all rheumatic diseases that patients might search on Google (i.e., Osteoarthritis, gout, pseudogout, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD), fibromyalgia, axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren''s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, relapsing polychondritis, familial Mediterranean fever, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS), Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with Periodic Fever Syndrome (HIDS), Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)associated vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Behçet''s syndrome). In the July 5-August 29, 2020 period, relative search volume of 7 of the 32 search terms (i.e., gout, fibromyalgia, peripheral spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, relapsing polychondritis, and Takayasu arteritis) statistically significantly decreased; however, 10 search terms (i.e., axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren''s syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, Kawasaki disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and rheumatologist) statistically significantly increased compared to prior 4 years (Table 1 ). abstract: To evaluate the public interest in rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Google Trends was queried to analyze search trends in the United States for numerous rheumatic diseases and also the interest in a rheumatologist. Three 8-week periods in 2020 ((March 15–May 9), (May 10–July 4), and (July 5–August 29)) were compared to similar periods of the prior 4 years (2016–2019). Compared to a similar time period between 2016 and 2019, a significant decrease was found in the relative search volume for more than half of the search terms during the initial March 15–May 9, 2020 period. However, this trend appeared to reverse during the July 5–August 29, 2020 period where the relative volume for nearly half of the search terms were not statistically significant compared to similar periods of the prior 4 years. In addition, this period showed a significant increase in relative volume for the terms: Axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, scleroderma, Kawasaki disease, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, and rheumatologist. There was a significant decrease in relative search volume for many rheumatic diseases between March 15 and May 9, 2020 when compared to similar periods during the prior 4 years. However, the trends reversed after the initial period ended. There was an increase in relative search for the term “rheumatologist” between July and August 2020 suggesting the need for rheumatologists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and healthcare providers should address the informational demands on rheumatic diseases and needs for rheumatologists by the general public during pandemics like COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33070255/ doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04728-9 id: cord-315886-f4ofmdcm author: Karim, A. title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods date: 2020-05-26 words: 6182.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315886-f4ofmdcm.txt summary: title: Knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Population-level estimation and a comparison of data obtained by phone and online survey methods However, the number of KD questions having significantly different correct response rates dropped to six when the phone survey data was adjusted to the socio-demographic characteristics of the online non-medical participant group. It is noticeable from our study that the total knowledge score did not differ significantly between the adjusted phone survey dataset and online non-medical dataset for the elderly (≥55 years), poor, and rural people. Furthermore, in our combined dataset of phone (unadjusted) and online non-medical participants, we found that higher total knowledge score was positively associated with having negative attitude towards the final control of COVID-19. abstract: Adherence of people to the guidelines and measures suggested in fighting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is partly determined by the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of the population. In this cross-sectional study, we primarily addressed two key issues. First, we tried to determine whether there is a significant difference in the estimated COVID-19 knowledge level from the online and phone survey methods. Second, we tried to quantify the knowledge and attitude of COVID-19 in Bangladeshi adult population. Data were collected through phone calls (April 14-23, 2020) and online survey (April 18-19, 2020) in Bangladesh. The questionnaire had 20 knowledge questions with each correct response getting one point and incorrect/do not know response getting no point (maximum total knowledge score 20). Participants scoring >17 were categorized as having good knowledge. The percentages of good knowledge holders were 57.6%, 75.1%, and 95.8% in the phone (n=1426), online non-medical (n=1097), and online medical participants (n=382), respectively. Comparison between phone and online survey showed that, overall, online survey might overestimate knowledge level than that of phone survey, although there was no difference for elderly, poor, and rural people. Male gender, higher education, living in town/urban areas, good financial condition, and use of internet were positively associated with good knowledge. However, higher knowledge was associated with having less confidence in the final control of COVID-19. Our adult population-level estimates showed that only 32.6% (95% CI 30.1-35.2%) had good knowledge. This study provides crucial information that could be useful for the researchers and policymakers to develop effective strategies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20104497v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20104497 id: cord-279561-p6wh7jja author: Karim, Jamila S. title: Bolstering the surgical response to COVID‐19: how virtual technology will save lives and safeguard surgical practice date: 2020-04-29 words: 801.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279561-p6wh7jja.txt summary: The authors of ''COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature'' have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at large [1] . The authors of ''COVID-19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature'' have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at large [1] . Virtual technology solutions, such as the Proximie platform, can form the basis of a responsive approach to the surgical challenges posed by the pandemic. By remotely connecting surgeons in a live environment, such technologies can enable surgeons in isolation to amplify their expertise and provide invaluable support to colleagues on the frontline, including trainees who may be required to perform procedures without direct supervision. abstract: The authors of "COVID-19 and Urology: A Comprehensive Review of Literature" have written a perceptive article which clearly outlines the complex challenges that COVID-19 is posing to urological surgeons and, indeed, the global surgical community at-large. 1. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.15080 doi: 10.1111/bju.15080 id: cord-303363-uu9hb1c9 author: Karimi, Mehran title: Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the “high clinical risk” category? date: 2020-05-11 words: 3271.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303363-uu9hb1c9.txt summary: We''re all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it''s fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with diabetes maintain a good glycemic control, because it might help reduce the risk of infection itself and may also modulate the severity of the clinical expression of the disease (39) . Hemoglobin disorders including thalassemias are generally not associated with respiratory diseases but anemia and iron-overload involving the heart, lungs (pulmonary hypertension), liver disease, diabetes and even the immune system, can encounter these patients to have higher risk of complications from SARS-COV-2 infection than normal population, specially when they become older. The few reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with thalassemias might reflect the efforts to minimise social contacts or other unclarified reasons, such as lower beta globin protein as a possible target of COVID-19 in these patients (51) . abstract: We’re all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it’s fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. The frustrating thing is that, right now, this virus is still new. It only came to the attention of the World Health Organization at the end of December. Very few cases in thalassemia have so far been reported; is this due to lack of testing or a true lack of infection/susceptibility? However, we believe that more data should be collected to better characterise the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with thalassemias. Therefore, a multicenter registry and the collection of comprehensive data from both positive COVID-19 thalassemia major and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia are necessary to clarify debated issues. In the meantime an early and vigilant monitoring along with high quality supportive care are needed in thalassemic patients at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420925/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9592 id: cord-340164-vzdyy656 author: Karimi, Zohreh title: The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study date: 2020-08-20 words: 3681.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340164-vzdyy656.txt summary: title: The Lived Experience of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Phenomenological Study CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that nurses working in the wards and care centres designated for patients with COVID-19 are experiencing mental and emotional distress and are working in inadequate professional conditions. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran. We performed a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study to discover and interpret the meaning of nurses'' lived experiences caring for patients with COVID-19. The participants included those nurses who cared for the patients with COVID-19 in hospitals at the Coronavirus Center in Iran. Analysis of the nurses'' experiences caring for patients with COVID-19 by descriptive phenomenology revealed three main themes: mental condition, emotional condition, and care context (Table 4 ). This study has explored the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in designated treatment centres in Iran. abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran. METHODS: This study was a descriptive phenomenology. Sampling was purposefully performed, and participants were selected in terms of the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using the WhatsApp mobile messaging application. Colaizzi’s method was used to analyse the data. The criteria introduced by Lincoln and Guba were used for the study rigour. RESULTS: The data were obtained from 12 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. The mean age of the participants was 29.41 years (SD = 2.72) with a mean work experience of 6.75 years (SD = 2.52). Three main themes and six subthemes were identified: mental condition (subthemes included “anxiety and stress” and “fear”), emotional condition (subthemes included “suffering and affliction” and “waiting for death”), and care context (subthemes included “turmoil” and “lack of support and equipment”). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that nurses working in the wards and care centres designated for patients with COVID-19 are experiencing mental and emotional distress and are working in inadequate professional conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904130/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s258785 id: cord-316186-254z62e4 author: Kario, Kazuomi title: COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network date: 2020-07-09 words: 3315.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316186-254z62e4.txt summary: 1 Early clinical experience suggested that older age and the presence of a number of comorbidities, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory disease increased the risk of death in patients with 3 In addition, the renin-angiotensin aldosterone (RAS) system (specifically the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2] protein) has been identified as playing an important role in facilitating entry of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, into target cells, especially in the lungs. Despite the theoretical possibility that use of RAS inhibitors increases the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 illness, analyses including patients from the current pandemic indicate that this does not seem to be the case ( Table 2 ). Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: There are several risk factors for worse outcomes in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19). Patients with hypertension appear to have a poor prognosis, but there is no direct evidence that hypertension increases the risk of new infection or adverse outcomes independent of age and other risk factors. There is also concern about use of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors due to a key role of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors in the entry of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus into cells. However, there is little evidence that use of RAS inhibitors increases the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection or worsens the course of COVID‐19. Therefore, antihypertensive therapy with these agents should be continued. In addition to acute respiratory distress syndrome, patients with severe COVID‐19 can develop myocardial injury and cytokine storm, resulting in heart failure, arteriovenous thrombosis, and kidney injury. Troponin, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, D‐dimer, and serum creatinine are biomarkers for these complications and can be used to monitor patients with COVID‐19 and for risk stratification. Other factors that need to be incorporated into patient management strategies during the pandemic include regular exercise to maintain good health status and monitoring of psychological well‐being. For the ongoing management of patients with hypertension, telemedicine‐based home blood pressure monitoring strategies can facilitate maintenance of good blood pressure control while social distancing is maintained. Overall, multidisciplinary management of COVID‐19 based on a rapidly growing body of evidence will help ensure the best possible outcomes for patients, including those with risk factors such as hypertension. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643874/ doi: 10.1111/jch.13917 id: cord-104440-9hbib8b3 author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: Thrombus in Transit and Impending Pulmonary Embolism Detected on POCUS in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-05 words: 1314.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104440-9hbib8b3.txt summary: title: Thrombus in Transit and Impending Pulmonary Embolism Detected on POCUS in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia In this report, we present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and was found to have a thrombus in transit by routine point of care ultrasound (POCUS). We present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, who was found to have a thrombus in transit by routine point of care ultrasound (POCUS). A point of care ultrasound ( Figure 3 Figure 4 ) on day 7 of hospitalization revealed thrombus in transit in the inferior vena cava and right atrium suggesting impending pulmonary embolism hence the patient was started on thrombolytic therapy and full dose anticoagulation with heparin drip. We present a case of a thrombus in transit in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 pneumonia, where the initial diagnosis was made with POCUS. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that started in China in December 2019 and carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. To-date (4-22-2020) it affected over 2.6 million people and resulted in nearly 200,000 death worldwide mainly due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). Among the major underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms in COVID 19 is hypercoagulability, leading to increased risk for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism that contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. In this report, we present the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and was found to have a thrombus in transit by routine point of care ultrasound (POCUS). While computer tomography (CT) angiography is the test of choice, the utilization of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has gained traction as an adjunctive means of surveillance for the development of VTE in patients with COVID-19. In this report, we discuss the clinical utility of POCUS in diagnosing thrombus in transit in COVID 19 populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295169/ doi: nan id: cord-104467-elwfz1gk author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 and Myocarditis date: 2020-06-05 words: 3509.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104467-elwfz1gk.txt summary: A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19 using the search term "Coronavirus" or "COVID" and "myocarditis," "heart," or "retrospective." Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients to evaluate clinical features, diagnostic tests and current therapeutic management. [14] reported a case of a 37-year-old COVID-19 male from China with fulminant myocarditis who was treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous human immunoglobulin. [20] described a case of a 69-year-old Italian woman with COVID-19 and lowgrade myocardial inflammation; viral particles were seen in the patient''s myocardium and the she required venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We have identified through this systematic review that patients with COVID-19 myocarditis will commonly present with dyspnea, followed by coughing, fever and chest pain. abstract: BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 infection which emerged in December 2019, is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. Infection with this virus can lead to severe respiratory illness, however, myocarditis has also been reported. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical features of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients. METHODS. A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19 using the search term “Coronavirus” or “COVID” and “myocarditis,” “heart,” or “retrospective.” Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. 11 articles were selected for review. RESULTS. COVID-19 myocarditis affected patients over the age of 50 and incidences among both genders were equally reported. Patients presented with dyspnea, cough, fever with hypotension and chest pain. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis with increased C-reactive protein, while arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated respiratory acidosis. All cardiac markers were elevated. Radiographic imaging of the chest showed bilateral ground glass opacities or bilateral infiltrates, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging produced late gadolinium enhancements. Electrocardiography demonstrated ST-segment elevation or inverted T waves, while echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with cardiomegaly or increased wall thickness. Management with corticosteroids was favored in most cases, followed by antiviral medication. The majority of studies reported either recovery or no further clinical deterioration. CONCLUSION. Current available data on COVID-19 myocarditis is limited. Further research is needed to advance our understanding of COVID-19 myocarditis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397751/ doi: nan id: cord-104473-bx3svdrk author: Kariyanna, Pramod Theetha title: Utility of D-dimer as a Prognostic Factor in SARS CoV2 Infection: A Review date: 2020-06-22 words: 2579.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104473-bx3svdrk.txt summary: One study found significantly higher D-dimer levels in diabetic patients with COVID-19 when compared to non-diabetics, indicating that diabetics are more prone to a hypercoagulable state in setting of COVID-19 infection, underscoring the predictive value of D-dimer for progression toward severe disease in that patient population [7] . The early identification of high-risk patients based on D-dimer values could prevent progression to ARDS, DIC, cytokine storm and their associated increase in mortality, if anticoagulation is initiated [31, 33, 38, 55] . In a study of 449 patients with severe COVID-19, anticoagulant therapy with mainly low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was associated with lower mortality in a sub-population meeting sepsis-induced coagulopathy criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer [14, 55] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. abstract: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is currently a public health emergency and has been listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. It has commonly been associated with pulmonary manifestations and there is a growing body of evidence of multisystem involvement of the virus. As evidenced by various case reports and cohort studies, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy has been a common manifestation amongst the critically ill and has been associated with increased mortality. The presence of venous thromboembolic events in patients who are critically ill due to COVID-19 has prompted the adoption of anticoagulation regimens aimed at preventing thromboembolic phenomena. Coagulation abnormalities have also been implicated in the progression and the severity of COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). There is strong evidence that D-dimer levels help predict which patients are at risk of thromboembolic events, progression to ARDS, DIC, immune dysregulation and mortality. We will review the utility of D-dimer as screening tool and in the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients prone to developing thromboembolic events, DIC, immune dysregulation and death. To date, the studies that have been published show the presence of elevated D-dimer levels in both the adult and pediatric populations and the measured level correlates with disease severity. Studies have also shown the relative increase of D-dimer levels in non-survivors compared to survivors. The elevation of D-dimer levels has shown to guide clinical decision making, namely the initiation of therapeutic anticoagulation and mortality benefit in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia compared to severe non COVID-19 pneumonia. Although the current body of literature suggested the use of D-dimer as a risk stratification tool and as a test to augment clinical judgement regarding the initiation of anticoagulation, randomized control trials are needed to fully understand the relationship between COVID-19 infection and the efficacy of D-dimer assays in clinical decision making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7447555/ doi: nan id: cord-338683-nzgnpi6f author: Karligkiotis, Apostolos title: Changing paradigms in sinus and skull base surgery as the COVID‐19 pandemic evolves: Preliminary experience from a single Italian tertiary care center date: 2020-06-08 words: 4301.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338683-nzgnpi6f.txt summary: The aim of the present paper is to report our preliminary experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable endoscopic surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases, during the COVID-19 period, describing the evolving recommendations which have been implemented day by day, as new evidences emerged, until reaching the actual protocol of precautions. At the beginning, no specific protection was recommended during surgery and all health care workers in the operating room (OR) continued to wear standard surgical masks and gowns, leaving viral-filtering-PPE available to be used only in case of confirmed COVID-19 patients. 10 In order to investigate the health of the patients belonging to the PANDEMIC-group after their last postoperative medication, a telephone interview was carried out retrospectively, examining the following factors: fever, cough, dyspnoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, gastrointestinal signs/symptoms, myalgias, fatigue, headache, pharyngodynia, rhinorrhea, active pneumonia, need for hospitalization for any reason, potential swab or serological tests performed, and if they had been in contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. abstract: BACKGROUND: Italy was the first European country suffering from COVID‐19. Health care resources were redirected to manage the pandemic. We present our initial experience with the management of urgent and nondeferrable surgeries for sinus and skull base diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients treated in a single referral center during the first 2 months of the pandemic was performed. A comparison between the last 2‐month period and the same period of the previous year was carried out. RESULTS: Twenty‐four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A reduction of surgical activity was observed (−60.7%). A statistically significant difference in pathologies treated was found (P = .016), with malignancies being the most frequent indication for surgery (45.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Although we feel optimistic for the future, we do not feel it is already time to restart elective surgeries. Our experience may serve for other centers who are facing the same challenges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32510716/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26320 id: cord-264563-c3wbie4i author: Karni, N. title: Self-rated smell ability enables highly specific predictors of COVID-19 status: a case control study in Israel date: 2020-08-01 words: 1458.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264563-c3wbie4i.txt summary: A penalized logistic regression classifier based on 5 symptoms (degree of smell change, muscle ache, lack of appetite, fever, and a negatively contributing sore throat), has 66% sensitivity, 97% specificity and an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (AUC) on a hold-out set. Conclusions: Self-reported quantitative olfactory changes, either alone or combined with other symptoms, provide a specific and powerful tool for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. 71 Earlier studies have already suggested associations between anosmia (loss of smell) 72 and the coronavirus causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV-1. Taste and smell change often, but not always, together: Figure combinations of symptoms established better classifiers than Classifier 1, those using 279 quantitative questions exhibiting better performance than those using binary ones. Using the quantitative smell and taste descriptors resulted in higher AUC''s 300 than binary (yes/no) descriptors of these changes. abstract: Background: Clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 poses an enormous challenge to early detection and prevention of COVID-19, which is of crucial importance for pandemic containment. Cases of COVID-19 may be hard to distinguish clinically from other acute viral diseases, resulting in an overwhelming load of laboratory screening. Sudden onset of taste and smell loss emerge as hallmark of COVID-19. The optimal ways for including these symptoms in the screening of suspected COVID-19 patients should now be established. Methods: We performed a case-control study on patients that were PCR-tested for COVID-19 (112 positive and 112 negative participants), recruited during the first wave (March 2020 - May 2020) of COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. Patients were interviewed by phone regarding their symptoms and medical history and were asked to rate their olfactory and gustatory ability before and during their illness on a 1-10 scale. Prevalence and degrees of symptoms were calculated, and odds ratios were estimated. Symptoms-based logistic-regression classifiers were constructed and evaluated on a hold-out set. Results: Changes in smell and taste occurred in 68% (95% CI 60%-76%) and 72% (64%-80%), of positive patients, with 24 (11-53 range) and 12 (6-23) respective odds ratios. The ability to smell was decreased by 0.5 {+/-} 1.5 in negatives, and by 4.5 {+/-} 3.6 in positives, and to taste by 0.4 {+/-} 1.5 and 4.9 {+/-} 3.8, respectively (mean {+/-} SD). A penalized logistic regression classifier based on 5 symptoms (degree of smell change, muscle ache, lack of appetite, fever, and a negatively contributing sore throat), has 66% sensitivity, 97% specificity and an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (AUC) on a hold-out set. A classifier based on degree of smell change only is almost as good, with 66% sensitivity, 97% specificity and 0.81 AUC. Under the assumption of 8% positives among those tested, the predictive positive value (PPV) of this classifier is 0.68 and negative predictive value (NPV) is 0.97. Conclusions: Self-reported quantitative olfactory changes, either alone or combined with other symptoms, provide a specific and powerful tool for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. The applicability of this tool for prioritizing COVID-19 laboratory testing is facilitated by a simple calculator presented here. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.20164327v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20164327 id: cord-300460-jh6h83n9 author: Karnon, Jonathan title: The Case for a Temporary COVID-19 Income Tax Levy Now, During the Crisis date: 2020-04-16 words: 1334.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300460-jh6h83n9.txt summary: One policy option that could reduce the longer-term consequences of increased government spending in response to the crisis is a temporary COVID-19 income tax levy. This means increased tax revenue collected during the crisis is unlikely to displace economic activity or reduce population wellbeing and longer-term government revenue. The size of a COVID-19 levy would need to be determined (my preference is that households in the lowest income quintile would be exempted, with a 1% levy applied to the second quintile rising linearly to 4% for highest quintile), but the understanding that employed individuals are contributing to the effort to reduce the effects of an ongoing crisis, relative to their ability to contribute, may further reduce negative externalities. The characteristics of the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-constrained consumption and the negative externalities associated with widespread unemployment and worsening social determinants of health-inform an expectation that temporary income tax levies will increase population wellbeing over the medium term, i.e. the next 5-10 years. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297226/ doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00585-6 id: cord-275028-u6s0gr31 author: Karos, Kai title: The social threats of COVID-19 for people with chronic pain date: 2020-07-13 words: 4260.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275028-u6s0gr31.txt summary: 48 In this review, we draw attention to the potential for social and systemic changes associated with attempts to contain the spread of COVID-19 to precipitate, maintain, and exacerbate pain by increasing the social threats faced by individuals with chronic pain ( ½F1 Fig. 1 ). Although pain management is a fundamental right, 23 the health system responses to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 may significantly affect access for patients with complex medical conditions (eg, people with comorbid mental health conditions and addiction) and widen existing inequities in relation to pain management for socially disadvantaged populations. Crucially, COVID-19 should not only be regarded as a challenge but also as a unique opportunity for researchers and clinicians to develop new ways to deliver social support and pain management, as well as understand the impact of social adjustment among individuals with chronic pain. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002004 doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002004 id: cord-268817-wx96wwpg author: Karp, Donna Grace title: Sensitive and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using a High-Throughput, Fully Automated Liquid-Handling Robotic System date: 2020-08-20 words: 3600.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268817-wx96wwpg.txt summary: Here, we present an ultrasensitive and high-throughput automated liquid biopsy assay based on the Hamilton Microlab ADAP STAR automated liquid-handling platform, which was developed and validated for the qualitative detection of total antibodies against spike protein 1 (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 that uses as little as 4 µL of serum. 6 In this study, we report the development and validation of a highly sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay on a Hamilton MicroLab STAR liquid-handling platform (Fig. 1) , based on the ADAP STAR assay-ready workstation. The successful implementation of the automated high-throughput ADAP SARS-CoV-2 total antibody assay solution as described herein can help meet the surge in demand for COVID-19 infection testing. To evaluate the assay''s sensitivity, 57 serum specimens from COVID-19 patients were subjected to the ADAP SARS-CoV-2 total antibody analysis. abstract: As of July 22, 2020, more than 14.7 million infections of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been confirmed globally. Serological assays are essential for community screening, assessing infection prevalence, aiding identification of infected patients, and enacting appropriate treatment and quarantine protocols in the battle against this rapidly expanding pandemic. Antibody detection by agglutination–PCR (ADAP) is a pure solution phase immunoassay that generates a PCR amplifiable signal when patient antibodies agglutinate DNA-barcoded antigen probes into a dense immune complex. Here, we present an ultrasensitive and high-throughput automated liquid biopsy assay based on the Hamilton Microlab ADAP STAR automated liquid-handling platform, which was developed and validated for the qualitative detection of total antibodies against spike protein 1 (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 that uses as little as 4 µL of serum. To assess the clinical performance of the ADAP assay, 57 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 223 control patients were tested. The assay showed a sensitivity of 98% (56/57) and a specificity of 99.55% (222/223). Notably, the SARS-CoV-2–negative control patients included individuals with other common coronaviral infections, such as CoV-NL63 and CoV-HKU, which did not cross-react. In addition to high performance, the hands-free automated workstation enabled high-throughput sample processing to reduce screening workload while helping to minimize analyst contact with biohazardous samples. Therefore, the ADAP STAR liquid-handling workstation can be used as a valuable tool to address the COVID-19 global pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32815769/ doi: 10.1177/2472630320950663 id: cord-348771-gr7oa9up author: Karri, Jay title: Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-08 words: 1691.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348771-gr7oa9up.txt summary: The CDC and CMS recently released recommendations that all elective and non-essential medical, surgical, and dental procedures be deferred in an attempt to optimize use of healthcare equipment and resources amidst the Covid-19 pandemic 4, 5 . The overarching aims for the current national recommendations are four-fold: (1) to preserve personal protective equipment (PPE), inpatient beds, and ventilators; (2) to ensure that the healthcare workforce is available to care for patients most in need; (3) to encourage patients to remain home as much as possible to limit exposure; and (4) to provide a framework for triaging non-essential surgeries and procedures. Beyond these recommendations, both the CDC and CMS agree that decisions about proceeding with non-essential surgeries and procedures will be made at the local level by the clinician, patient, hospital, and state and local health departments 4, 5 . abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an active pandemic that has required rapid conversion of practice patterns to mitigate disease spread. Although recommendations have been released for physicians to postpone elective procedures, the utility of common physiatry procedures and their infectious risk profile have yet to be clearly delineated. In this article, we describe an update on existing national recommendations and outline considerations as practitioners and institutions strive to meet the needs of patients with disabilities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32398402/ doi: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001463 id: cord-103929-5rnmyq3n author: Karsiyakali, Nejdet title: Evaluation of the Sexual Functioning of Individuals Living in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Internet-Based Nationwide Survey Study date: 2020-10-26 words: 2982.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103929-5rnmyq3n.txt summary: There was a statistically significant difference between the participants according to the decrease in the number of weekly sexual intercourse when they compared in terms of smoking status, alcohol consumption, marital and parental status, being a health care worker, having a regular sexual partner, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between the participants according to the decrease in the number of weekly sexual intercourse when they compared in terms of smoking status, alcohol consumption, marital and parental status, being a health care worker, having a regular sexual partner, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each) ( Table 2 ). In addition to that, living in a metropolitan area is associated with a decline in both sexual intercourse frequency and sexual desire during the COVID-19 pandemic according to our study results. abstract: Introduction Although many countries in the world prioritize self-isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the effects of this process on sexual functioning are not yet known. Aim To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual functioning of individuals who declared no medical history of COVID-19 disease. Methods A total of 1356 participants filled out an internet-based survey between 1 June and 20 June 2020. The data from these participants were analysed to determine sexual functioning in terms of sexual intercourse frequency and sexual desire during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroups analyses were also performed which were created according to the population density of the cities in which the participants live to examine whether population density has any effect on the sexual functions of the participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcome Measure The study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people's sexual functioning. Results The mean age of the participants was 33.16 ± 8.31 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the participants according to the decrease in the number of weekly sexual intercourse when they compared in terms of smoking status, alcohol consumption, marital and parental status, being a health care worker, having a regular sexual partner, and the working status during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each). In subgroup analyses, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for changing in the number of sexual intercourse, the number of masturbation, and sexual desire during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05, for each). Conclusion A decline in sexual functioning was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Living in a metropolitan area is associated with a decline in both sexual intercourse frequency and sexual desire during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2050116120301343 doi: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.10.007 id: cord-258118-j26v354r author: Karuppal, Raju title: It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review date: 2020-05-16 words: 3536.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258118-j26v354r.txt summary: Apart from the numerous chemicals, surgical smoke had been shown to harbour intact bacterial and virus particles especially COVID-19 in the current time. OBJECTIVE: To identify the inhalational, infectious, chemical, and mutagenic risks of surgical smoke and suggest evidence-based hazard reduction strategies. Heating of tissues causes vaporisation of protein and fat which results surgical smoke(2) which contain particles from combustion and numerous chemicals like hydrocarbons, acrylonitrile, phenols and fatty acids and biological particles, viruses, and bacteria which are known to be potentially hazardous. In COVID-19 outbreak scenario, the use of surgical diathermy has to be minimised or avoided due to the very high risk of viral spread among operating room personals. Multiple precautions like use of a standard surgical mask, laser or high filtration mask, masks coated with nanoparticles, operating room ventilation guidelines, and use of wall suction have been using to reduce the health hazards, but each one has its own limitations. abstract: BACKGROUND: Many surgeons are unaware of the risks posed by the surgical diathermy. Apart from the numerous chemicals, surgical smoke had been shown to harbour intact bacterial and virus particles especially COVID-19 in the current time. OBJECTIVE: To identify the inhalational, infectious, chemical, and mutagenic risks of surgical smoke and suggest evidence-based hazard reduction strategies. Also to cogitate on the very high risk of viral spread spread by the use of surgical diathermy in COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed using the keywords surgical smoke, diathermy, electrocautery, surgical smoke hazards, smoke evacuator, and guidelines for surgical smoke safety was performed. The review included evidences from 50 articles from the dermatology, surgery, infectious disease, obstetrics, and cancer biology literature. RESULTS: There are risks associated with surgical smoke. Although some surgeons were aware, majority were not keen in the hazard reduction strategies. CONCLUSION: Many chemical and biological particles have been found in surgical smoke. It is highly recommended to follow the standardised guidelines for surgical smoke safety. Surgical smoke carries full virus particle(such as COVID-19 virus), it is strongly recommended to minimise or avoid electrocautery during the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0972978X20301963?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.013 id: cord-301416-rfrbgnft author: Kashnitsky, Ilya title: COVID-19 in unequally ageing European regions date: 2020-08-28 words: 1292.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301416-rfrbgnft.txt summary: The map presented in this brief note summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal ageand sex-specific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the map NUTS-3 regions of Europe are colored according to the deviation from European pooled estimate of the proportion of population at risk of death due to COVID-19. We adjust IFRs by sex ratios of age-specific case-fatality ratios observed for the pooled population of all the European countries in the COVerAGE database (Riffe & Acosta, 2020) . The map in Figure 1 summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal age-and sexspecific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlights -European regions are ageing unequally -The COVID-19 pandemic is hardest in the elderly populations -Population age structures alone may account for four-fold variation in average regional infection-fatality ratios across Europe abstract: The map presented in this brief note summarizes regional differences in population age structures between the NUTS-3 regions of Europe in the context of unequal age- and sex-specific death risks associated with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since older people are exposed to much higher death risks, older populations are expected to face much more difficult challenges coping with the pandemic. The urban/rural dimension turns out to be very important as the remote rural areas are also the oldest. In the map NUTS-3 regions of Europe are colored according to the deviation from European pooled estimate of the proportion of population at risk of death due to COVID-19. We assume that 5/6 of the populations get infected and experience age-specific infection-fatality ratios (IFRs) modelled by the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. We adjust IFRs by sex ratios of age-specific case-fatality ratios observed in the European countries that are included in the COVerAGE-DB. Thus, we effectively introduce a summary measure of population age structures focused on the most vulnerable to the pandemic. Such an estimate for the total European population is 1%. The map reflects the unequal population age structures rather than the precise figures on COVID-19 fatality. It is a case-if scenario that highlights the possible effect of the population age structures, a demographic perspective. This analysis clearly shows the contribution of regional differences in population age structures to the magnitude of the pandemic -- other things equal, we expect to see a four-fold variation in average regional infection-fatality ratios across Europe due only to differences in the population structures. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20302977?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105170 id: cord-294468-0v4grqa7 author: Kasilingam, Dharun title: Exploring the Growth of COVID‐19 Cases using Exponential Modelling Across 42 Countries and Predicting Signs of Early Containment using Machine Learning date: 2020-08-04 words: 7484.0 sentences: 493.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294468-0v4grqa7.txt summary: This research uses exponential growth modelling studies to understand the spreading patterns of the COVID‐19 virus and identifies countries that have shown early signs of containment until 26(th) March 2020. Machine learning models based on logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machines are developed and show accuracies between 76.2% to 92.9% to predict early signs of infection containment. The objective of the research is to develop a mathematical model using exponential growth analysis coupled with machine learning, to predict worldwide COVID-19 early containment signs. Secondly, the research aims at building supervised machine learning models with high accuracies for predicting signs of early containment with infrastructure availability, environmental factors, infection severity factors, and government policies of countries as independent variables. The research presents machine learning models based on variables such as infrastructure, environment, policies, and the infection itself, to predict early signs of containment in the country. abstract: COVID‐19 pandemic disease spread by the SARS‐COV‐2 single‐strand structure RNA virus, belongs to the 7(th) generation of the coronavirus family. Following an unusual replication mechanism, it’s extreme ease of transmissivity has put many counties under lockdown. With uncertainty of developing a cure/vaccine for the infection in the near future, the onus currently lies on healthcare infrastructure, policies, government activities, and behaviour of the people to contain the virus. This research uses exponential growth modelling studies to understand the spreading patterns of the COVID‐19 virus and identifies countries that have shown early signs of containment until 26(th) March 2020. Predictive supervised machine learning models are built using infrastructure, environment, policies, and infection‐related independent variables to predict early containment. COVID‐19 infection data across 42 countries are used. Logistic regression results show a positive significant relationship between healthcare infrastructure and lockdown policies, and signs of early containment. Machine learning models based on logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machines are developed and show accuracies between 76.2% to 92.9% to predict early signs of infection containment. Other policies and the decisions taken by countries to contain the infection are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13764 doi: 10.1111/tbed.13764 id: cord-346017-wforwxes author: Kasperkiewicz, M. title: Expert recommendations for the management of autoimmune bullous diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 words: 646.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346017-wforwxes.txt summary: 1, 2 A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since immunosuppressive therapy can generally inhibit antiviral immunity, AIBD patients undergoing immunomodulatory treatment, especially elderly patients with co-morbidities, may be at higher risk of worse outcomes should they develop COVID-19. -Abrupt termination or considerable dose reduction of systemic corticosteroids should be avoided, particularly in patients with severe forms of AIBDs. Of note, there is some evidence that prednisolone may potentially have beneficial impacts on COVID-19. -Patients with AIBDs on immunosuppressive therapies are generally prone to develop opportunistic infections including viral infections, and microbial pathogens may potentially in turn trigger the bullous disease. 5 However, since long-lived SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells are not expected to be present in most individuals, AIBD patients treated with rituximab within the last one year may have a more severe/prolonged COVID-19 infection compared to healthy persons. abstract: Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are potentially life‐threatening disorders comprising intra‐epidermal/epithelial (pemphigus) and sub‐epidermal/epithelial blistering diseases (pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis). Corticosteroids and non‐steroid immunomodulatory agents are the mainstays of treatment. Treatment can be challenging particularly in pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita which may require more intense immunosuppressive approaches url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16525 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16525 id: cord-307622-r23eebet author: Kass, David A title: Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages date: 2020-05-04 words: 636.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307622-r23eebet.txt summary: Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages C o r o n a v i r u s d i s e a s e 2 0 1 9 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in China in late December, 2019, and has since evolved into a global pandemic. However, as the pandemic hit the Johns Hopkins Hospital in late March, 2020, younger patients began to be admitted to our ICU, many of whom were also obese. With use of least squares univariate and multivariate linear regression, we examined the correlation between body-mass index (BMI) and age in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU at university hospitals at Johns Hopkins, University of Cincinnati, New York University, University of Washington, Florida Health, and University of Pennsylvania (appendix). Public messaging to younger adults, reducing the threshold for virus testing in obese individuals, and maintaining greater vigilance for this at-risk population should reduce the prevalence of severe COVID-19 disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31024-2 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31024-2 id: cord-355267-ndzgxk0k author: Kassa, Semu M. title: Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: from mathematical modelling perspective date: 2020-06-05 words: 8616.0 sentences: 451.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355267-ndzgxk0k.txt summary: Whereas knowledge of the virus dynamics and host response are essential for formulating strategies for antiviral treatment, vaccination, and epidemiological control of COVID-19, estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and help to identify whether public health control measures are having a measurable effect [5, 39] . Applying the above described set of assumptions in the bounds for some of the parameters, we optimized the model output to fit the daily new cases data reported from the Hubei province, China. Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19 Figure 11 : Dynamics of the disease with at most 10% of the population in the class and at least 50% of the class are detected and quarantined just after Phase 1 period, with strict social distancing rule imposed for 11 weeks. abstract: In this article, a mathematical model for the transmission of COVID-19 disease is formulated and analysed. It is shown that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation at [Formula: see text] when recovered individuals do not develop a permanent immunity for the disease. In the absence of reinfection, it is proved that the model is without backward bifurcation and the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for [Formula: see text]. By using available data, the model is validated and parameter values are estimated. The sensitivity of the value of [Formula: see text] to changes in any of the parameter values involved in its formula is analysed. Moreover, various mitigation strategies are investigated using the proposed model and it is observed that the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals may play the major role in the re-emergence of the disease in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that in the absence of vaccination, countries need to develop capacities to detect and isolate at least 30% of the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals while treating in isolation at least 50% of symptomatic patients to control the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536760/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109968 id: cord-249065-6yt3uqyy author: Kassani, Sara Hosseinzadeh title: Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in X-ray and CT Images: A Machine Learning-Based Approach date: 2020-04-22 words: 4285.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249065-6yt3uqyy.txt summary: To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first comprehensive study of the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms (15 deep CNN visual feature extractor and 6 ML classifier) for automatic diagnoses of COVID-19 from X-ray and CT images. • With extensive experiments, we show that the combination of a deep CNN with Bagging trees classifier achieves very good classification performance applied on COVID-19 data despite the limited number of image samples. Motivated by the success of deep learning models in computer vision, the focus of this research is to provide an extensive comprehensive study on the classification of COVID-19 pneumonia in chest X-ray and CT imaging using features extracted by the stateof-the-art deep CNN architectures and trained on machine learning algorithms. The experimental results on available chest X-ray and CT dataset demonstrate that the features extracted by DesnseNet121 architecture and trained by a Bagging tree classifier generates very accurate prediction of 99.00% in terms of classification accuracy. abstract: The newly identified Coronavirus pneumonia, subsequently termed COVID-19, is highly transmittable and pathogenic with no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available for treatment. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are dry cough, sore throat, and fever. Symptoms can progress to a severe form of pneumonia with critical complications, including septic shock, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. While medical imaging is not currently recommended in Canada for primary diagnosis of COVID-19, computer-aided diagnosis systems could assist in the early detection of COVID-19 abnormalities and help to monitor the progression of the disease, potentially reduce mortality rates. In this study, we compare popular deep learning-based feature extraction frameworks for automatic COVID-19 classification. To obtain the most accurate feature, which is an essential component of learning, MobileNet, DenseNet, Xception, ResNet, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, VGGNet, NASNet were chosen amongst a pool of deep convolutional neural networks. The extracted features were then fed into several machine learning classifiers to classify subjects as either a case of COVID-19 or a control. This approach avoided task-specific data pre-processing methods to support a better generalization ability for unseen data. The performance of the proposed method was validated on a publicly available COVID-19 dataset of chest X-ray and CT images. The DenseNet121 feature extractor with Bagging tree classifier achieved the best performance with 99% classification accuracy. The second-best learner was a hybrid of the a ResNet50 feature extractor trained by LightGBM with an accuracy of 98%. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.10641v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-324175-5c4ijkpm author: Kassas, Mohamed El title: COVID-19 in Egypt: Through Crisis to Adaptation; a gastroenterologist’s Perspective date: 2020-07-19 words: 2414.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324175-5c4ijkpm.txt summary: Liver injury is usually mild and does not require specific treatment [13] ; however, rare cases of severe acute hepatitis in patients with COVID -19 have been reported [9] . Telemedicine has started in many centers in Egypt after the COVID-19 pandemic by customizing dedicated phone numbers for different gastroenterology and hepatology services as viral hepatitis clinics, liver cirrhosis clinics, vascular liver diseases clinics, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinics. Although many centers have multidisciplinary teams for the management of different gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases (hepatocellular carcinoma and IBD), online meetings for these teams are not a common practice. Preparation for liver transplantation in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic requires testing for SARS-CoV-2 for donors and recipients before the operation, which is not applicable in many countries, including Egypt, because of the test sparing to suspicious cases only [28] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32798187/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.07.004 id: cord-351734-wjvhu1qg author: Kassaw, Chalachew title: The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 date: 2020-08-25 words: 1839.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351734-wjvhu1qg.txt summary: title: The Current Mental Health Crisis of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Communities Living in Gedeo Zone Dilla, SNNP, Ethiopia, April 2020 This study aimed to assess the current mental health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic among communities living in, Gedeo zone, Dilla, Ethiopia. The second part of the questioner was about the mental health crisis and assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) a 21-item Likert scale and sored \ 30 (Normal), 30-43 (mild) and 43-59 (moderate) [ 60 (severe) [9] . Dependent variable-mental health crisis Independent variables-Age, sex, educational status, occupational status, family size, and monthly income, and KAP about COVID-19. Mental Health Crisis 44.4% of the respondents were reported mild to moderate psychological problem. This study found 44.4% of the respondents were reported mild to moderate psychological problems in response to COVID 19 pandemic. This study found that as there is a mental health crisis in the community living in the Gedeo zone, SNNP, Ethiopia. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic is not still controlled around the world and affects all humans’ domains of day to day life. Peoples have killed themselves due to the fear of stigma by their community. This study aimed to assess the current mental health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic among communities living in, Gedeo zone, Dilla, Ethiopia. The study was community based cross sectional design conducted from March 10–Apr 10, 2020, using a multi stage sampling techniques. Structured interview, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and logistic regression analysis (95% CI, p value < 0.05) was used. This study included 420 respondents who were living in the Gedeo zone. In total, 44.4% of respondents had a psychological problem (21.4% mild and 23% moderate level of the mental crisis). Gender female, monthly income below 500 ETB, and more than three family size were variables associated with the outcome variable (p < 0.05). Nearly half of the respondents had mild to the moderate mental crisis in response to the pandemic. It is better to give mental health support for the peoples living in the zone to enhance their mental resilience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864302/ doi: 10.1007/s40737-020-00192-7 id: cord-289852-4uxb70rh author: Kassem, Dina H. title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Game Changer for the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-09-30 words: 6959.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289852-4uxb70rh.txt summary: Thus, harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ameliorate that cytokine-storm can indeed provide a golden key for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially severe cases. In fact, MSCs transplantation can improve the overall outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple mechanisms; first through their immunomodulatory effects which will help to regulate the infected patient inflammatory response, second via promoting tissue-repair and regeneration, and third through their antifibrotic effects. Similar studies are also warranted to compare the therapeutic benefit of a certain MSCs type, and its derived EVs. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and new perspectives of antimicrobial peptide-based therapies Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ILL COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial abstract: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health crisis. The high infectivity of the disease even from non-symptomatic infected patients, together with the lack of a definitive cure or preventive measures are all responsible for disease outbreak. The severity of COVID-19 seems to be mostly dependent on the patients’ own immune response. The over-activation of the immune system in an attempt to kill the virus, can cause a “cytokine storm” which in turn can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as multi-organ damage, and ultimately may lead to death. Thus, harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to ameliorate that cytokine-storm can indeed provide a golden key for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially severe cases. In fact, MSCs transplantation can improve the overall outcome of COVID-19 patients via multiple mechanisms; first through their immunomodulatory effects which will help to regulate the infected patient inflammatory response, second via promoting tissue-repair and regeneration, and third through their antifibrotic effects. All these mechanisms will interplay and intervene together to enhance lung-repair and protect various organs from any damage resulting from exaggerated immune-response. A therapeutic modality which provides all these mechanisms undoubtedly hold a strong potential to help COVID-19 patients even those with the worst condition to hopefully survive and recover. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.587866 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587866 id: cord-267307-kyh0xsrp author: Kasting, Monica L. title: Public perceptions of the effectiveness of recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention behaviors to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-04 words: 4343.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267307-kyh0xsrp.txt summary: Public health efforts should focus on increasing perceived severity and threat of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, while promoting NPI as effective in reducing threat. A six-item measure was used to assess participants'' perceptions of the effectiveness of NPIs to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and spread. Three of the six items measured the perceived effectiveness of preventing yourself from spreading COVID-19 to others and included: 1) wearing a mask anytime you leave the house to go out in public, 2) practicing social distancing by leaving at least six feet between you and other people (this does not include people you live with), and 3) covering your mouth when you cough. Any variable that was significant at p<0.01 in bivariate comparisons was included in an adjusted logistic regression model with the binary lower/ higher perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures as the outcome. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health threat, both in scope and response. With no vaccine available, the public is advised to practice non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) including social distancing, mask-wearing, and washing hands. However, little is known about public perceptions of the effectiveness of these measures, and high perceived effectiveness is likely to be critical in order to achieve widespread adoption of NPI. METHODS: In May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among U.S. adults (N = 3,474). The primary outcome was a six-item measure assessing perceived effectiveness of recommended behaviors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection from 1 (not at all effective) to 5 (extremely effective). The sample was divided into “higher” and “lower” perceived effectiveness groups. Covariates included demographics, healthcare characteristics, and health beliefs. Variables that were significant at p<0.01 in bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable logistic regression and a best-fit model was created using a cutoff of p<0.01 to stay in the model. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.5 years and most participants were non-Hispanic White (63%) and female (52.4%). The high perceived effectiveness group was slightly larger than the low perceived effectiveness group (52.7% vs. 47.3%). Almost all health belief variables were significant in the best-fit regression model. COVID-19-related worry (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.64–2.02), and perceived threat to physical health (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.20–1.45) were positively associated with perceived effectiveness while perceived severity of COVID-19 (0.84; 95% CI = 0.73–0.96) and perceived likelihood of infection (0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94) switched directions in the adjusted model and were negatively associated with perceived effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: This research indicates people generally believe NPI are effective, but there was variability based on health beliefs and there are mixed rates of engagement in these behaviors. Public health efforts should focus on increasing perceived severity and threat of SARS-CoV-2-related disease, while promoting NPI as effective in reducing threat. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241662 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241662 id: cord-282504-m3npy0om author: Kastritis, Efstathios title: Challenges in the Management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 4642.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282504-m3npy0om.txt summary: Patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis have an underlying usually low-grade plasma or B-cell malignancy causing their disease, and they receive chemotherapy (Merlini, et al 2018) , thus, being at higher risk for infections (Kristinsson, et al 2012) , including from SARS-CoV-2, and probably at higher risk for severe COVID-19 (Pietrantonio and Garassino 2020) . Treatments for AL amyloidosis have not been developed in the context of multiple randomized studies, thus, we have limited data to propose one therapy over the other or assess the importance of full vs reduced dosing of critical drugs such as bortezomib or For selected patients who have achieved a satisfactory hematologic response (for example CR or VGPR or even PR with organ response), the treating physician may discuss to complete therapy earlier or continue with a less intensive schedule (for example reduce weekly to bi-weekly bortezomib). abstract: The SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated disease (COVID‐19) is primarily manifested as a respiratory tract infection but may affect and cause complications from multiple organ systems (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, kidneys, hematopoietic and immune systems) while no proven specific therapy exists. The challenges associated with COVID‐19 are even greater for patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare multisystemic disease affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal and nervous system. Patients with AL amyloidosis may need to receive chemotherapy, which probably increases infection risk. Management of COVID‐19 may be particularly challenging in patients with AL amyloidosis who often present with cardiac dysfunction, nephrotic syndrome, neuropathy, low blood pressure and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, AL patients may be more susceptible to toxicities of drugs used to manage COVID‐19. Access to health care may be difficult or limited, diagnosis of AL amyloidosis may be delayed with detrimental consequences, treatment administration may need modification. Both patients and treating physicians need to adapt in a new reality. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.16898 doi: 10.1111/bjh.16898 id: cord-327442-e02y93f6 author: Kastritis, Efstathios title: Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes date: 2020-07-11 words: 4041.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327442-e02y93f6.txt summary: Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. In such cases, a dysregulated immune response has been described, usually during the 2nd week of infection, characterized more often by T cell lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 cells) [5] , enhanced production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), IL-1 and G-CSF [5] [6] [7] 18] , decreased production of antiviral type I and III interferons [17] and T cell exhaustion [17] .This "hyperinflammatory state" which is being referred to as "cytokine storm" shares certain clinical (high fever), laboratory (increased C-reactive protein-CRP, ferritin, serum IL-6 and D-dimer levels) and immunological (macrophage and T cell activation) features with the macrophage activation syndrome or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) seen in a subset of patients with infections (bacterial or viral), auto-immune or auto-inflammatory diseases (such as systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult Still''s disease and systemic lupus erythematosus) and after CART cell therapy in patients with leukemia or lymphoma [19] [20] [21] . abstract: As of June 10th 2020 about 7.2 million individuals have tested positive for, and more than 410,000 have died due to COVID-19. In this review we outline the pathophysiology that underpins the potential use of anti-rheumatic therapies for severe COVID-19 infection and summarize the current evidence regarding the risk and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. Evidence on COVID-19 risk and outcome in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases is extremely limited; thus, any conclusions would be unsafe and should be seen with great caution. At present, the risk and severity (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death) of COVID-19 infection in people with autoimmune diseases do not appear particularly dissimilar to the general population, with the possible exception of hospitalization in patients exposed to high glucocorticoid doses. At this stage it is impossible to draw any conclusions for differences in COVID-19 risk and outcome between different autoimmune diseases and between the various immunomodulatory therapies used for them. More research in the field is obviously required, including as a minimum careful and systematic epidemiology and appropriately controlled clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04629-x doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04629-x id: cord-274203-urqed43m author: Katal, Sanaz title: Chest-CT findings of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing malignancies; a pictorial review date: 2020-06-09 words: 2338.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274203-urqed43m.txt summary: With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, in at-risk and vulnerable populations such as patients with known malignancies, infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be included in the differential considerations even with atypical image pictures. [6] on 1,590 patients with COVID19 in China has asserted that pre-existing conditions (including malignant neoplastic disease) correlate positively with poorer clinical outcomes, similar to previous findings in other severe acute respiratory diseases, such as SARS and MERS [7] . To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to evaluate chest CT features in patients with malignancy and concomitant COVID-19 infection and the specific imaging findings have not yet been fully understood in this setting. However, although peripheral GGOs and consolidations are usually highly suggestive of superimposed COVID-19 pneumonia, these findings can be hardly distinguishable from an underlying lung malignancy or other opportunistic infections in patients with known lung cancer and warrant clinical, epidemic and laboratory correlation with PCR testing. abstract: As of April 17th, 2020, more than 2,190,010 COVID-19 cases with 147,010 deaths have been recorded worldwide. It has been suggested that a high mortality rate occurs in patients with severe disease and is associated with advanced age and underlying comorbidities, such as malignancies. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to evaluate chest CT features in patients with malignancy and concomitant COVID-19 infection. In fact, the imaging findings can be challenging and have not yet been fully understood in this setting. In this manuscript, we go over imaging findings in chest CT of patients with COVID-19 and known cancer. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, in at-risk and vulnerable populations such as patients with known malignancies, infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be included in the differential considerations even with atypical image pictures. Detection of superimposed infection in patients with cancers who present with pulmonary infiltrations warrant correlation with clinical picture, contact history, and RT-PCR confirmatory testing. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0899707120302084 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.004 id: cord-352969-rpt7xja6 author: Kataria, Ashish title: COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Epidemiology, Management Considerations, and the Impact on Kidney Transplant Practice date: 2020-07-15 words: 5975.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352969-rpt7xja6.txt summary: 1, 4 Solid organ transplant (SOT) patients including kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 because of immunosuppressive (IS) medication use, elderly age (>65 y), and preexisting comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. 71, 72 At this time, there is no evidence to suggest that kidney transplant patients are at an increased risk of thrombotic events compared with the general population for disease of similar severity. abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified in the late 2019 as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory viral illness. Patients with chronic underlying conditions may have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Kidney transplant recipients may be at a uniquely increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 as compared to the general population because of a chronically immunosuppressed state and a high prevalence of comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease. Early data suggest that the mortality of patients on dialysis may be comparable to those with kidney transplants, although more research is needed. This concise review aims to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients, manifestations, appropriate management, and clinical outcomes based on the available literature. Current evidence on many of the specific antiviral measures against COVID-19 has not shown a clear-cut benefit in smaller studies and the results of several ongoing larger clinical trials are awaited. In addition, we also highlight the impact of COVID-19 on kidney transplant center practice and volumes; potential living or deceased donors, recipients; and induction immunosuppression and surgical strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000001031 doi: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001031 id: cord-258315-yt1ytasw author: Kato, Hideaki title: Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship date: 2020-05-13 words: 1776.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258315-yt1ytasw.txt summary: title: Clinical course of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in individuals present during the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship Abstract We investigated the clinical course of individuals with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship to 12 local hospitals. In this study, we describe the clinical conditions, treatment, and the clinical course of the patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship for further medical care to the participating hospitals in this study. The patients'' vital signs, laboratory data, chest radiographs, or computed tomography (CT) findings at the time of admission and treatment, and the data on the clinical course and prognosis were collected using case report forms. Notably, the severity of this disease in the patients transferred from the cruise ship was very high compared with that previously reported in the general population in China [5, 6] . abstract: Abstract We investigated the clinical course of individuals with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who were transferred from the Diamond Princess cruise ship to 12 local hospitals. The conditions and clinical courses of patients with pneumonia were compared with those of patients without pneumonia. Among 70 patients (median age: 67 years) analyzed, the major symptoms were fever (64.3%), cough (54.3%), and general fatigue (24.3%). Forty-three patients (61.4%) had pneumonia. Higher body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate as well as higher of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lower serum albumin level and lymphocyte count were associated with the presence of pneumonia. Ground-glass opacity was found in 97.7% of the patients with pneumonia. Patients were administered neuraminidase inhibitors (20%), lopinavir/ritonavir (32.9%), and ciclesonide inhalation (11.4%). Mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed on 14 (20%) and 2 (2.9%) patients, respectively; two patients died. The median duration of intubation was 12 days. The patients with COVID-19 transferred to local hospitals during the outbreak had severe conditions and needed close monitoring. The severity of COVID-19 depends on the presence of pneumonia. High serum LDH, AST and CRP levels and low serum albumin level and lymphocyte count were found to be predictors of pneumonia. It was challenging for local hospitals to admit and treat these patients during the outbreak of COVID-19. Assessment of severity was crucial to manage a large number of patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1341321X20301616?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.005 id: cord-319707-j8y9gt2o author: Kato, Verstrepen title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19, SARS and MERS date: 2020-06-19 words: 3552.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319707-j8y9gt2o.txt summary: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is likewise a causative pathogen for severe viral pneumonia with the risk of progression to respiratory failure and systemic manifestations. Articles related to the topic were identified by following terms: "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome", "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome", Coronavirus disease 2019", "Neurology", "MERS", "SARS", "COVID-19", "Stroke", "Epilepsy", "Guillain-Barré Syndrome", "Encephalitis", "Myelitis", "Meningitis", "Neurological Sequels", "Polyneuropathy" and "Carotid Dissection". Several recent articles report associated cases of encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis and other neurological symptoms, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or ADEM, as possible complications of a HCoV infection [6] . Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome Neurological complications of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of two cases and review of the literature abstract: Since December 2019, the world is affected by an outbreak of a new disease named COVID-19, which is an acronym of ‘coronavirus disease 2019’. Coronaviruses (CoV) were assumed to be associated with mild upper respiratory tract infections, such as common cold. This perception changed in time due to occurrence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV in 2002 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV in 2012, both inducing an epidemic severe viral pneumonia with potentially respiratory failure and numerous extra-pulmonary manifestations. The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is likewise a causative pathogen for severe viral pneumonia with the risk of progression to respiratory failure and systemic manifestations. In this review, we will give a summary of the neurological manifestations due to SARS and MERS, as those might predict the neurological outcome in the novel COVID-19. Additionally, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19, to the extent that literature is already available as the pandemic is still ongoing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562214/ doi: 10.1007/s13760-020-01412-4 id: cord-266394-ehh61x5c author: Katsoulis, M. title: Obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic: cause of high risk or an effect of lockdown? A population-based electronic health record analysis in 1 958 184 individuals. date: 2020-06-23 words: 3883.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266394-ehh61x5c.txt summary: Methods: In population-based electronic health records for 1 958 638 individuals in England, we estimated 1-year mortality risk(''direct'' and ''indirect'' effects) for obese individuals, incorporating: (i)pre-COVID-19 risk by age, sex and comorbidities, (ii)population infection rate, and (iii)relative impact on mortality(relative risk, RR: 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0). Using causal inference models, we estimated impact of change in body-mass index(BMI) and physical activity during 3-month lockdown on 1-year incidence for high-risk conditions(cardiovascular diseases, CVD; diabetes; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD and chronic kidney disease, CKD), accounting for confounders. Using population-based electronic health records (EHR) in England, we estimated: (i) background mortality in severe obesity by underlying risk factors; (ii) direct and indirect excess deaths in individuals with severe obesity; and (iii) impact of BMI gain and physical activity on the incidence of the most common high-risk diseases for COVID-19, and mortality. abstract: Background: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for coronavirus(COVID-19)-related mortality. We estimated excess mortality in obesity, both 'direct', through infection, and 'indirect', through changes in healthcare, and also due to potential increasing obesity during lockdown. Methods: In population-based electronic health records for 1 958 638 individuals in England, we estimated 1-year mortality risk('direct' and 'indirect' effects) for obese individuals, incorporating: (i)pre-COVID-19 risk by age, sex and comorbidities, (ii)population infection rate, and (iii)relative impact on mortality(relative risk, RR: 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0). Using causal inference models, we estimated impact of change in body-mass index(BMI) and physical activity during 3-month lockdown on 1-year incidence for high-risk conditions(cardiovascular diseases, CVD; diabetes; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD and chronic kidney disease, CKD), accounting for confounders. Findings: For severely obese individuals (3.5% at baseline), at 10% population infection rate, we estimated direct impact of 240 and 479 excess deaths in England at RR 1.5 and 2.0 respectively, and indirect effect of 383 to 767 excess deaths, assuming 40% and 80% will be affected at RR=1.2. Due to BMI change during the lockdown, we estimated that 97 755 (5.4%: normal weight to overweight, 5.0%: overweight to obese and 1.3%: obese to severely obese) to 434 104 individuals (15%: normal weight to overweight, 15%: overweight to obese and 6%: obese to severely obese) individuals would be at higher risk for COVID-19 over one year. Interpretation: Prevention of obesity and physical activity are at least as important as physical isolation of severely obese individuals during the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.20137182v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20137182 id: cord-297241-ajy2wi51 author: Katz, Carmit title: Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage date: 2020-10-06 words: 4675.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297241-ajy2wi51.txt summary: title: Invisible children and non-essential workers: Child protection during COVID-19 in Israel according to policy documents and media coverage OBJECTIVE: Examine child protection in Israel during COVID-19, as portrayed in mainstream news media and government policy documents. CONCLUSION: Children were initially invisible to Israeli policymakers facing the pandemic, highlighting the centrality of advocates promoting children''s rights and of mainstream news media in disseminating the discourse of protecting children from maltreatment, especially in times of crisis. Through an analysis of official government policy documents as well as media coverage, the current study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What were the government''s policies with respect to protecting children from maltreatment during COVID-19? Parallel to the neglect of children in published policy documents, child protection advocates led a media campaign targeting the public and policymakers, which highlighted the need to provide children and families at risk with services. abstract: BACKGROUND: The protection of children from maltreatment has become extremely challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. The public's gaze is focused on the urgent health crisis, while many children are at risk due to social isolation and reduced social services. OBJECTIVE: Examine child protection in Israel during COVID-19, as portrayed in mainstream news media and government policy documents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The study analyzed all policy documents and mainstream media reports published in Israel from March to May 2020, during the initial mandatory nationwide quarantine. METHODS: (1) Search of relevant articles in mainstream news websites; (2) Search of documents in official websites of relevant government ministries and agencies. RESULTS: 28 government policy documents and 22 media articles were found relevant. When examined chronologically, what stood out was the initial decision to shut down social services, including some of the residential care units for youth at risk, and declare social workers “non-essential”. These decisions were revoked a few weeks into the quarantine, following persistent media pressure by child advocates, resulting in minor changes in policy. CONCLUSION: Children were initially invisible to Israeli policymakers facing the pandemic, highlighting the centrality of advocates promoting children's rights and of mainstream news media in disseminating the discourse of protecting children from maltreatment, especially in times of crisis. Moreover, the study points to the heightened threat to at-risk children due to inadequate policies, and to the urgent need to develop child protection policies in order to avoid further risk in future global crises. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0145213420304257 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104770 id: cord-279913-lgdmlies author: Katz, D. H. title: Proteomic Profiling in Biracial Cohorts Implicates DC-SIGN as a Mediator of Genetic Risk in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 4032.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279913-lgdmlies.txt summary: To understand how these loci might confer risk and whether this differs by race, we utilized proteomic profiling and genetic information from three cohorts including black and white participants to identify proteins influenced by these loci. We tested for associations between genetic variants at the ABO and 3p21.31 loci and protein levels in the three cohorts to identify possible mediators of disease. Table 1 shows the 56 proteins that associate with variants within 1MB of the transcription start site (TSS) of the ABO gene in either JHS or FHS/MDCS or both at a p-value < 5×10 -8 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20125690 doi: medRxiv preprint Proteins associated with any variant within 1MB of transcription start site of ABO gene in either Jackson Heart Study (JHS) or Framingham Heart Study (FHS)/Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). Proteins associated with any variant within chr3:45800446-46135604 of hg38 in either Jackson Heart Study (JHS) or Framingham Heart Study (FHS)/Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) meta-analysis. abstract: COVID-19 is one of the most consequential pandemics in the last century, yet the biological mechanisms that confer disease risk are incompletely understood. Further, heterogeneity in disease outcomes is influenced by race, though the relative contributions of structural/social and genetic factors remain unclear. Very recent unpublished work has identified two genetic risk loci that confer greater risk for respiratory failure in COVID-19: the ABO locus and the 3p21.31 locus. To understand how these loci might confer risk and whether this differs by race, we utilized proteomic profiling and genetic information from three cohorts including black and white participants to identify proteins influenced by these loci. We observed that variants in the ABO locus are associated with levels of CD209/DC-SIGN, a known binding protein for SARS-CoV and other viruses, as well as multiple inflammatory and thrombotic proteins, while the 3p21.31 locus is associated with levels of CXCL16, a known inflammatory chemokine. Thus, integration of genetic information and proteomic profiling in biracial cohorts highlights putative mechanisms for genetic risk in COVID-19 disease. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.09.20125690v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20125690 id: cord-353254-8xa0is5g author: Katzman, Joanna G title: COVID-19 Has Provided 20/20 Vision Illuminating Our Nation’s Health Crises date: 2020-09-28 words: 901.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353254-8xa0is5g.txt summary: (9) Approximately 42 Million Americans suffer from loneliness, which significantly worsened across the country as the COVID-19 pandemic forced more Americans to stay at home.(9) Most continue to rightfully shelter in place when possible, and others have rigid restrictions imposed on those who may come to visit them. At the same time, we need to have a cohesive national strategy that is thinking proactively about the hundreds of millions that continue to suffer from the public health epidemics of chronic pain, opioid overdose, suicide and loneliness while also addressing the drop in cancer screenings, and vascular disease prevention and treatment. The medical and public health communities are already working together to improve the lives of all Americans related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our Health is the Public''s Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Crises abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa357 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa357 id: cord-307673-ekajojon author: Kaukinen, Catherine title: When Stay-at-Home Orders Leave Victims Unsafe at Home: Exploring the Risk and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 6130.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307673-ekajojon.txt summary: The short-and longterm health consequences of COVID-19, stay-at-home orders and social distancing measures, family isolation, and the economic impacts of the pandemic are likely to impact both women''s experience of IPV and their ability to navigate ending these violent relationships, and potentially reverse the declining trend in IPV. Mazza, Maranoa, Laib, Janiria, and Sania (2020) have suggested that COVID-19 stay-at-home orders and social distancing will likely lead to a woman''s home becoming one of the most dangerous places for IPV victims due in large part to the requirement to quarantine day-after-day with their violent and abusive partner with limited access to those that might provide care and assistance. In looking at the way in which the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to shape the incidence, prevalence, and impact of IPV it is important to note that scholars have explored how past natural disasters and epidemics have shaped trends in rates of violence, impacted the health and well-being of IPV victims, but also exacerbated the factors associated with violent behaviors and victimization. abstract: The novel coronavirus pandemic (hereafter COVID-19) is likely to have unprecedented impacts on the incidence and impacts of crime and violence globally. This includes impacts to the risk, consequences, and decision-making of women experiencing violence by an intimate partner (hereafter IPV). Most importantly, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on the risk of IPV is likely to differentially impact vulnerable populations, including minority women and those with long histories of victimization and mental health issues. This review paper explores the potential short- and long-term implications of COVID-19 on the risk of IPV, highlighting some of the most recent preliminary data. The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, record levels of male unemployment, added stressors in the home, including the care and home schooling of children, and the social distancing measures required by the epidemiological response, may serve to undermine the decades of progress made in keeping women and children safe at home. Victim police reporting, help-seeking decisions, and social service utilization during the pandemic are likely to be impacted by stay-at-home orders and social distancing requirements. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for providing safety planning and self-care for victims and their children. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09533-5 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09533-5 id: cord-285472-cj5r3xt1 author: Kaur, Parminder title: Acute upper limb ischemia in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 1113.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285472-cj5r3xt1.txt summary: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly present with upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, with complications related to cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. As per American Society of Hematology, some patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have fulminant activation of coagulation and consumption of coagulation factors, which meets the criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation as per International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thus, complement inhibition may be a reasonable treatment for COVID-19-related systemic thrombosis by reducing the innate immune-mediated consequences of severe coronavirus infection [10] . In conclusion, we report a COVID-19 patient who developed arterial thrombosis leading to acute ischemia in the right upper extremity. Changes in blood coagulation in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia abstract: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly present with upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms, with complications related to cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It has also been described to predispose to venous and arterial thromboembolism; however, limited published data is available regarding thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we are presenting a case of arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 and a systematic review on coagulopathy associated with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405288/ doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.05.001 id: cord-327622-ezgufe24 author: Kaur, Ramandeep title: Practical strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission to healthcare professionals providing respiratory care to patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 words: 6333.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327622-ezgufe24.txt summary: • When removing the endotracheal tube, simultaneously turn off the ventilator • Avoid disconnecting ETT from the ventilator circuit before extubation to reduce spray of contaminated aerosols 9 Transport • Place a filter between the artificial airway and the transport ventilator circuit • Use HME that has filter function (HME-F) • Consider clamping the ETT before disconnection from ventilator circuit 10 Bronchoscopy assist* 2 in vivo [44, 45] • For spontaneously breathing patients, place a surgical mask on patient''s face (Fig. 7a, b) • Use NIV mask with examination port for patients on NIV (Fig. 7d) • Use swivel adapter to insert bronchoscope for intubated patient (Fig. 7c) Abbreviations: HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing, HME heat moisture exchanger, ETT endotracheal tube, NIV non-invasive ventilation *Based on CDC guidelines, these procedures should ideally be performed in airborne infection isolation rooms entrainment or nonrebreather mask [53] . abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging viral infection that is rapidly spreading across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same coronavirus class that caused respiratory illnesses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). During the SARS and MERS outbreaks, many frontline healthcare workers were infected when performing high-risk aerosol-generating medical procedures as well as when providing basic patient care. Similarly, COVID-19 disease has been reported to infect healthcare workers at a rate of ~ 3% of cases treated in the USA. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search to develop practical strategies that can be implemented when providing respiratory treatments to COVID-19 patients, with the aim to help prevent nosocomial transmission to the frontline workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03231-8 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03231-8 id: cord-300899-yi2mx91a author: Kaur, Satinder title: Understanding COVID-19 transmission, health impacts and mitigation: timely social distancing is the key date: 2020-07-18 words: 5347.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300899-yi2mx91a.txt summary: COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China and spread globally, resulting into pandemic. Various measures are undertaken to prevent infection such as maintaining hygiene, using facemasks, isolation/quarantine, social/physical distancing, in extreme cases lockdown (restricted movement except essential services) in hot spot areas or throughout the country. Python programming is conducted for change point analysis (CPA) using Bayesian probability approach for understanding the impact of restrictions and mitigation methods in terms of either increase or stagnation in number of COVID-19 cases for eight countries. COVID-19 is caused by novel strain of virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged from China and now declared as pandemic due to its presence across the continents in more than 213 countries. Rise in number of cases in different weeks is presented in Table 1 where it can be observed that India, France and Japan had experienced increase in fifth week, that in USA and Spain in the fourth week, Italy in the third week except for Iran and China in second week. abstract: COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, first identified in China and spread globally, resulting into pandemic. Transmission of virus takes place either directly through close contact with infected individual (symptomatic/asymptomatic) or indirectly by touching contaminated surfaces. Virus survives on the surfaces from few hours to days. It enters the human body through nose, eyes or mouth. Other sources of contamination are faeces, blood, food, water, semen etc. Parameters such as temperature/relative humidity also play an important role in transmission. As the disease is evolving, so are the number of cases. Proper planning and restriction are helping in influencing the trajectory of the transmission. Various measures are undertaken to prevent infection such as maintaining hygiene, using facemasks, isolation/quarantine, social/physical distancing, in extreme cases lockdown (restricted movement except essential services) in hot spot areas or throughout the country. Countries that introduced various mitigation measures had experienced control in transmission of COVID-19. Python programming is conducted for change point analysis (CPA) using Bayesian probability approach for understanding the impact of restrictions and mitigation methods in terms of either increase or stagnation in number of COVID-19 cases for eight countries. From analysis it is concluded that countries which acted late in bringing in the social distancing measures are suffering in terms of high number of cases with USA, leading among eight countries analysed. The CPA week in comparison with date of lockdown and first reported case strongly correlates (Pearson’s r = − 0.86 to − 0.97) to cases, cases per unit area and cases per unit population, indicating earlier the mitigation strategy, lesser the number of cases. The overall paper will help the decision makers in understanding the possible steps for mitigation, more so in developing countries where the fight against COVID-19 seems to have just begun. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00884-x doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00884-x id: cord-328396-p2gvpe8i author: Kaur, Savneet title: The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 4427.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328396-p2gvpe8i.txt summary: In the current perspective, we envisage a key role of mEC in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). These studies along with the fact that the pulmonary epithelium is more resistant to injury than the endothelium signify that SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS and associated coagulopathy may be caused by a direct endothelial infection by the virus in the lungs (Matthay et al., 2019) . A summary of such recent reviews and short reports is provided in Table 1 (Alvarado-Moreno and Majluf-Cruz, 2020; Amraei and Rahimi, 2020; Cure and Cure, 2020; Froldi and Dorigo, 2020; Guler et al., 2020; Gupta et al., 2020; Gustafson et al., 2020; Mangalmurti et al., 2020; Marchetti, 2020; Mondal et al., 2020; Panfoli, 2020; Pons et al., 2020; Sardu et al., 2020b; Teuwen et al., 2020) . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people globally. Clinically, it presents with mild flu-like symptoms in most cases but can cause respiratory failure in high risk population. With the aim of unearthing newer treatments, scientists all over the globe are striving hard to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19. Several studies till date have indicated a dysregulated host immune response as the major cause of COVID-19 induced mortality. In this Perspective, we propose a key role of endothelium, particularly pulmonary endothelium in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We draw parallels and divergences between COVID-19-induced respiratory distress and bacterial sepsis-induced lung injury and recommend the road ahead with respect to identification of endothelium-based biomarkers and plausible treatments for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00989 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00989 id: cord-258701-jyzxu9nk author: Kaushal, Darwin title: Endoscopy in Otorhinolaryngology During Corona Outbreak: A Proposal for Safe Practice date: 2020-08-13 words: 2464.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258701-jyzxu9nk.txt summary: In this article, we propose essential steps that can be implemented at the departmental and institutional levels to do endoscopic diagnostic procedures effectively during COVID-19 outbreak and to break the transmission chain. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Person-toperson transmission is thought to occur among close contacts mainly via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, which is very common in endoscopic procedures in Otorhinolaryngology. • Deep cleaning and fumigation of the room should be performed when a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction COVID-19 positive patient undergoes a procedure. • When possible, procedures on COVID-19 suspect/positive patients should be performed as the last procedure, and the endoscopy room should be thoroughly ventilated for at least 1 h before the next procedure by using blowers or natural ventilation. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a type of viral pneumonia that has paralysed the entire world both in terms of health and economy. It has been recently declared as a global pandemic. All the health care professionals must be aware of the disease entity and take precautionary measures to control its transmission from person to person, particularly in hospital settings. In this article, we propose essential steps that can be implemented at the departmental and institutional levels to do endoscopic diagnostic procedures effectively during COVID-19 outbreak and to break the transmission chain. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-020-02048-9 doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02048-9 id: cord-340474-hbcu72cm author: Kaushik, Akanksha title: Urticaria in the times of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 668.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340474-hbcu72cm.txt summary: 2 As per one review, 88/256 (34.3%) patients across 16 studies demonstrated skin manifestations, mostly as erythematous maculopapular rash, urticaria or vesicular rash. 4 While there was a report of one COVID-19 patient presenting with urticaria and dry cough without any fever, 5 the timing of appearance of urticaria was variable, with lesions appearing before, with, as well as >48 hours after onset of fever. [6] [7] [8] [9] Although skin manifestations did not correlate with disease severity in most case reports, 2,6 the prospective This article is protected by copyright. study from Spain suggested that presence of urticaria and maculopapular lesions were associated with more severe COVID 19 illness and a higher (2%) mortality. With an eye on the reported literature, we make a few suggestions regarding urticaria in This article is protected by copyright. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531079/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13817 id: cord-310534-ng6321hh author: Kaushik, Ashlesha title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Approach and Management- Correspondence date: 2020-07-08 words: 1385.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310534-ng6321hh.txt summary: We would like to commend the authors for a timely and succinct article on approach to management of pediatric COVID-19, providing essential and practical guidance to clinicians, and would like to comment on the management of COVID-19 in light of recent evidence, available studies and guidelines. The therapeutic approach for managing critically ill patients with Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/ respiratory failure centers around lung protection with low tidal volumes, high positive end-expiratory pressures and fluid restriction. A recent multicenter expert pediatric guidance panel has recommended Remdesivir as the preferred antiviral agent in children if available [3] . HCQS has been shown to be effective against SARS CoV-2 in in-vitro studies, considered relatively safe in children, and is also suggested by authors in the management approach. But in regions where Remdesivir is not available, either Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine (or Chloroquine) maybe used in children with severe disease (preferably as a part of clinical trial). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03374-0 doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03374-0 id: cord-318879-4ual2ssa author: Kaveh-Yazdy, Fatemeh title: Track Iran''s National COVID-19 Response Committee’s Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling date: 2020-11-04 words: 6255.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318879-4ual2ssa.txt summary: title: Track Iran''s National COVID-19 Response Committee''s Major Concerns using Two-stage Unsupervised Topic Modeling The topic modeling and tracking are utilized in a two-stage framework, which is customized for this problem to separate miscellaneous sentences from those presenting concerns. The remained sentences are vectorized, adopting Tf-IDF weighting schema in the second stage and topically modeled by the LDA method. Disease-related text mining researches with respect to their application can be divided into four primary groups as follows, 1-Outbreak monitoring and prediction 2-Infodemic and misinformation detection 3-Social/public concern detection 4-Control Disease Centers response analyzing We collect news posts, including quotes made by members of the NCRC, and then group them to select a major part of the sentences covering similar topics. In this article, we used a two-stage framework to group, select, and cluster the sentences expressing concerns of Iran''s NCRC. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 31, 2020, governments have been enfaced with crisis for timely responses. The efficacy of these responses directly depends on the social behaviors of the target society. People react to these actions with respect to the information they received from different channels, such as news and social networks. Thus, analyzing news demonstrates a brief view of the information users received during the outbreak. METHODS: The raw data used in this study is collected from official news channels of news wires and agencies in Telegram messenger, which exceeds 2,400,000 posts. The posts that are quoted by NCRC’s members are collected, cleaned, and divided into sentences. The topic modeling and tracking are utilized in a two-stage framework, which is customized for this problem to separate miscellaneous sentences from those presenting concerns. The first stage is fed with embedding vectors of sentences where they are grouped by the Mapper algorithm. Sentences belonging to singleton nodes are labeled as miscellaneous sentences. The remained sentences are vectorized, adopting Tf-IDF weighting schema in the second stage and topically modeled by the LDA method. Finally, relevant topics are aligned to the list of policies and actions, named topic themes, that are set up by the NCRC. RESULTS: Our results show that major concerns presented in about half of the sentences are (1) PCR lab. test, diagnosis, and screening, (2) Closure of the education system, and (3) awareness actions about washing hands and facial mask usage. Among the eight themes, intra-provincial travel and traffic restrictions, as well as briefing the national and provincial status, are under-presented. The timeline of concerns annotated by the preventive actions illustrates the changes in concerns addressed by NCRC. This timeline shows that although the announcements and public responses are not lagged behind the events, but cannot be considered as timely. Furthermore, the fluctuating series of concerns reveal that the NCRC has not a long-time response map, and members react to the closest announced policy/act. CONCLUSION: The results of our study can be used as a quantitative indicator for evaluating the availability of an on-time public response of Iran’s NCRC during the first three months of the outbreak. Moreover, it can be used in comparative studies to investigate the differences between awareness acts in various countries. Results of our customized-design framework showed that about one-third of the discussions of the NCRC’s members cover miscellaneous topics that must be removed from the data. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33181447/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104309 id: cord-259924-a14svuwu author: Kavčič, Tina title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date: 2020-06-17 words: 3826.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt summary: The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. The present study investigated the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, stress and mental health, during the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent social lockdown, while taking into account individuals'' demographic and healthrelated characteristics. abstract: As a public health emergency, a pandemic increases susceptibility to unfavourable psychological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that women, younger, and less educated participants had higher odds for less favourable psychological functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, poorer health indicators and COVID-19 infection concerns predicted diminished psychological functioning. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. While previous research suggests that mental health problems increase during pandemics, one way to prevent these problems and bolster psychological functioning is to build individuals’ resilience. The interventions should be targeted particularly at younger adults, women, less educated people, and individuals who subjectively perceive their health to be rather poor. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4 doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4 id: cord-343740-vcys2q2t author: Kawachi, Ichiro title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities date: 2020-09-24 words: 2375.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343740-vcys2q2t.txt summary: The social epidemiology of disaster shows that socio-economically disadvantaged groups are both more likely to be exposed to disaster (because they live in disaster-prone areas or live in structurally unsound houses) and more likely to suffer the consequences of exposure (because they suffer disproportionately from preexisting morbidity, making them vulnerable to problems such as the interruption of services that follow inevitably in the wake of disaster). Compounding the misery of Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, the public health response to the pandemic has come at the cost of a sharp global economic contraction. It may turn out to be the case that lockdowns produce a net health equity gain by saving the lives of the most vulnerable segments of the workforce (especially if adequate social protections are in place to mitigate the consequences of job loss). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974663/ doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa159 id: cord-276401-zsim1pn2 author: Kay, Emma Sophia title: From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama date: 2020-04-24 words: 1366.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276401-zsim1pn2.txt summary: When HIV/AIDS first became a major public health concern in the United States in the 1980s, ASOs were established to provide HIV testing and social services to people living with HIV (PLWH) and their families. One ASO that quickly responded to COVID-19 is Birmingham AIDS Outreach (BAO), first established in 1985 as Alabama''s first ASO, and a primary provider of social services for PLWH in the Birmingham, AL area. Deemed an "essential" organization under guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration, BAO has remained continuously open even after the Alabama State Governor ordered closure of all non-essential businesses on March 27, 2020 in response to the COVID-19 outbreak [3] . During BAO''s first week of COVID-19-related operational changes, it provided 57 telehealth visits, 21 phone counseling sessions, 80 h of legal services, and 172 food and personal care boxes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02879-1 doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02879-1 id: cord-262412-bs7quwov author: Kaya, Gürkan title: Clinical and Histopathological Features and Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: Review of the Literature date: 2020-06-30 words: 3358.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262412-bs7quwov.txt summary: Clinical manifestations are as follows (see Table 1 ): generalized or localized rash (erythematous, papulovesicular, maculopapular, petechial, morbilliform, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE)-like, digitate papulosquamous pityriasis rosea-like), generalized urticaria, varicelliform rash, herpes lesions (zoster), purpuric lesions (retiform purpura), livedoid lesions (livedo reticularis, livedo racemosa), acro-ischemic lesions (dry gangrene, blisters, cyanosis), erythema multiforme-like, chilblain-like lesions (COVID toes) and other lesions such as urticarial vasculitis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)-like rash, eosinophilic panniculitis, COVID mask, periorbital dyschromia, oral ulcers and COVID red half-moon nail sign. In a recent report, the postmortem histology of COVID-19 patients revealed lymphocytic endotheliitis in lung, heart, kidney, liver and small intestine, a pathological picture reminiscent of what is seen in skin lesions, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitates the induction of endothelial inflammation in several organs as a direct consequence of viral involvement and of host inflammatory response [61] . abstract: In recent weeks, several reports have emerged of skin lesions with different clinical presentations in COVID-19 cases. All dermatologists should be aware of these cutaneous lesions, which may be early clinical symptoms of infection. We reviewed the literature on cutaneous manifestations in the PubMed database from December 2019 and June 2020. From the cases described as case reports or series in 57 recent articles, it appears that skin lesions (i) are highly varied, (ii) may not be related to the severity of the condition and (iii) resolve spontaneously in a few days. The frequency of these lesions in COVID-19 patients varies between 1.8% and 20.4%. The major clinical forms described were maculopapular eruptions, acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudochilblain), urticarial lesions, other vesicular eruptions and livedo or necrosis. The lesions were mainly localized in the trunk and extremities. The majority of patients were male, aged between 4.5 and 89 years. A minority of the patients were children presenting with acral, chilblain-like lesions, papulo-vesicular eruptions or Kawasaki disease-like pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome. The mean duration of the lesions was a few days, but some lasting as little as 20 min and others as long as four weeks have been reported. The mean latency time in the majority of cases was between 1 and 14 days; however, in some patients, lesions appeared 2 to 5 days before the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. The histopathological features of these lesions also vary, corresponding to the diversity of clinical manifestations. These features underline the nature of epidermal and dermal vascular lesions—and in severe cases, microvascular injury and thrombosis—associated with COVID-19, and provide important clues to their pathological mechanisms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32608380/ doi: 10.3390/dermatopathology7010002 id: cord-035210-s9t76pcz author: Kaye, Avi Gurion title: The efficacy of IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab in reducing severe COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review date: 2020-11-02 words: 4891.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035210-s9t76pcz.txt summary: However, results from this systematic analysis of published research provide positive evidence for the potential efficacy of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19, validating the ethical basis and merit of ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials. After early evidence and recommendations against the use of corticosteroids to treat severe COVID-19 (Russell, Millar & Baillie, 2020; Alhazzani et al., 2020) , a large randomized evaluation of dexamethasone found that the drug significantly reduced 28-day mortality in patients included in the study (rate ratio 0.83; 95% CI [0.74-0.92]; p < 0.001). For the initial screening, the primary search terms were "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and "tocilizumab." Papers with primary data for a case-control study comparing mortality rate from severe COVID-19 between TCZ and standard of care (SOC) were included for data synthesis. A systematic review of the clinical data of IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) for severe COVID-19 points towards efficacy in reducing mortality from the disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: In the absence of highly effective antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, it is crucial to counter the known pathophysiological causes of severe COVID-19. Evaluating the efficacy existing drugs may expedite the development of such therapeutics. Severe COVID-19 is largely the result of a dysregulated immune response characterized by lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and critical hypercytokinemia, or “cytokine storm,” which is largely mediated by the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). The IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) could potentially suppress the effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and thereby lower mortality from the disease. This systematic analysis aimed to investigate and synthesize existing evidence for the efficacy of TCZ in reducing COVID-19 mortality. METHODOLOGY: PubMed and SearchWorks searches were performed to locate clinical studies with primary data on TCZ treatment for severe COVID-19. Sixteen case-control studies comparing mortality between TCZ and standard of care (SOC) were identified for quantitative synthesis. The systematic analysis was pre-approved through PROSPERO (CRD42020193479). RESULTS: Combined mortality for the TCZ-treated and SOC groups were 26.0% and 43.4% respectively. In all but one of the studies, the odds ratio of mortality from COVID-19 pointed towards lower fatality with TCZ vs the SOC. A combined random effects odds ratio calculation yielded an odds ratio of 0.453 (95% CI [0.376–0.547], p < 0.001). Additionally, 18 uncontrolled trials were identified for qualitative analysis producing a raw combined mortality rate of 16.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Important caveats to this research include the lack of prospective randomized control trials and the absence of data from the large COVATA study from the published literature. However, results from this systematic analysis of published research provide positive evidence for the potential efficacy of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19, validating the ethical basis and merit of ongoing randomized controlled clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643559/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.10322 id: cord-335019-esttc16z author: Kayem, Gilles title: A snapshot of the Covid-19 pandemic among pregnant women in France date: 2020-06-04 words: 2079.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335019-esttc16z.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Our main objectives were to describe the course over time of SARS-CoV-2 infection in French pregnant women, the clinical profile and risk factors for women with maternal respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. Aggregated data, extracted from medical files by local physicians, from all diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in pregnant women in these hospitals (for prenatal care, illness, or delivery) from March 1 to April 14 were merged and analyzed to provide a snapshot of the pandemic''s consequences in this population. We then report maternal characteristics and maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes according to the severity of the respiratory disease, categorized in 3 exclusive groups: non-severe (no respiratory support), requiring oxygen (nasal oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation), or critical (invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the course over time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in French women from the beginning of the pandemic until mid-April, the risk profile of women with respiratory complications, and short-term pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We collected a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 in a research network of 33 French maternity units between March 1 and April 14, 2020. All cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by a positive result on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests of a nasal sample and/or diagnosed by a computed tomography chest scan were included and analyzed. The primary outcome measures were COVID-19 requiring oxygen (oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation) and critical COVID-19 (requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO). Demographic data, baseline comorbidities, and pregnancy outcomes were also collected. RESULTS: Active cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially during March 1-31, 2020; the numbers fell during April 1-14, after lockdown was imposed on March 17. The shape of the curve of active critical COVID-19 mirrored that of all active cases. By April 14, among the 617 pregnant women with COVID-19, 93 women (15.1%; 95%CI 12.3-18.1) had required oxygen therapy and 35 others (5.7%; 95%CI 4.0-7.8) had had a critical form of COVID-19. The severity of the disease was associated with age older than 35 years and obesity, as well as preexisting diabetes, previous preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. One woman with critical COVID-19 died (0.2%; 95%CI 0-0.9). Among the women who gave birth, rates of preterm birth in women with non-severe, oxygen-requiring, and critical COVID-19 were 13/123 (10.6%), 14/29 (48.3%), and 23/29 (79.3%) before 37 weeks and 3/123 (2.4%), 4/29 (13.8%), and 14/29 (48.3%) before 32 weeks, respectively. One neonate in the critical group died from prematurity. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can be responsible for significant rates of severe acute, potentially deadly, respiratory distress syndromes. The most vulnerable pregnant women, those with comorbidities, may benefit particularly from prevention measures such as a lockdown. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468784720301707?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101826 id: cord-247879-jdkikd29 author: Kayode, John Stephen title: The Covid-19 pandemic''s effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities date: 2020-06-08 words: 5111.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt txt: ./txt/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt summary: title: The Covid-19 pandemic''s effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities In the present uncertain situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical for the people to get access to clean and safe sustainable water for domestic and sanitation uses to guarantee public hygiene and better food and, hence, improve their health conditions (Hunter, et al., 2009). This paper therefore provides proven knowledge and valuable support for sustainable, hygienic, clean, safe water and good sanitary systems for the rural poor dwellers in the SSA to safeguard the people from unrestricted exposure to possible infection from the COVID-19 disease through water and sanitation systems, with the level of cases recorded as at 30th April shown in Table 1 . abstract: The fear of the invisible but prevalent Coronavirus (COVID-19), disease cannot be overemphasized since there is the potential possibility of it wiping out the entire world population within a few months if adequate and quick steps are not taken to curb this menace, and the sub-Saharan African (SSAn) region is no exception. It is evident that water, as an essential daily commodity, has long been in a state of emergency in SSAn nations, which is largely attributed to decades of neglect by the successive governments, because it has not been possible to separate the existing bond between water, health, livelihood and the economy. The laudable Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) proposed by the United Nations had yet to achieve the stated objective of improving the standards of living and health conditions of the rural communities in the SSAn region before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. This failure has been masked by a sort of delusion in which the people of this region are subjected to the hardship of searching for clean and healthy water in their own ponds, rivers, streams and shallow hand-dug local wells on a continuous basis. Less than 17% of the rural population in all the SSAn communities can access basic hand-washing facilities and sanitation systems. The total water productivity, as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawn, for the people was less than 5 GDP. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.04468v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-293692-t5rfvyvj author: Kazi, Sajida title: The delights and perils of publishing, knowledge-sharing and critique during a pandemic: Observations from COVID-19 coagulopathies date: 2020-05-16 words: 1958.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293692-t5rfvyvj.txt summary: Despite the limited data, the high-stakes milieu and risk of litigation have led several institutions to adopt a more aggressive approach of using intermediate or full-dose anticoagulation for most of their critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit [22] . The dissemination of knowledge during times of international crisis is guided by the principles first set out in the World Health Organization''s 2016 statement on data-sharing during public health emergencies, which incorporated lessons from the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, and was undersigned by many notable foundations and journals [23] . These principles have been adopted for use in the current pandemic through a call to share "research data and findings relevant to the novel coronavirus (COVID19) outbreak" in the same fashion [24] . Sharing research data and findings relevant to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S004938482030195X doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.023 id: cord-309395-5yan9fcn author: Kazory, Amir title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and intravascular volume management strategies in the critically ill date: 2020-04-16 words: 3774.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309395-5yan9fcn.txt summary: 6 Due to lack of data on treatment strategies specific to more severe cases of COVID-19, available evidence on management of the critically ill needs to be extrapolated to the clinical features of this potentially fatal disease. 27 In support of this notion, Murphy et al reported that among patients with acute lung injury secondary to septic shock, those who received both adequate initial fluid resuscitation as well as conservative late fluid management (i.e., negative to even fluid balance on 2 consecutive days during the first week after sepsis) had the best survival rates compared with those who achieved only one of these goals or neither of the two. 41, 42 In the face of positive fluid balance during the de-escalation phase of sepsis management, one might consider earlier application of renal replacement therapy (RRT), especially in those patients with more severe volume overload, progressive metabolic alkalosis with diuretic use, suboptimal diuretic response or diuretic refractoriness, and development of oliguric AKI. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread across the globe, and millions of people may be affected. While knowledge regarding epidemiologic features and diagnostic tools of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, uncertainties surrounding various aspects of its optimal management strategies persist. A subset of these patients develop a more severe form of the disease characterized by expanding pulmonary lesions, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and respiratory failure. Due to lack of data on treatment strategies specific to this subset of patients, currently available evidence on management of the critically ill needs to be extrapolated and customized to their clinical needs. The article calls attention to fluid stewardship in the critically ill with COVID-19 by judiciously applying the evidence-based resuscitation principles to their specific clinical features such as high rates of cardiac injury. As we await more data from treating these patients, this strategy is likely to help reduce potential complications. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2020.1754700 doi: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1754700 id: cord-318029-xd7nuahh author: Ke, Chunjin title: 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in hemodialysis patients: a report of two cases date: 2020-04-30 words: 1097.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318029-xd7nuahh.txt summary: authors: Ke, Chunjin; Wang, Yufeng; Zeng, Xing; Yang, Chunguang; Hu, Zhiquan OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated with novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to evaluate the effect of blood purification technology on the treatment and prognosis of such patients METHODS: Two COVID-19 cases undergoing hemodialysis with chronic renal failure were retrospectively analysed in our hospital. On January 8, 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention officially announced the pneumonia was caused by a new type of coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2] . Hyperviremia and cytokine storm are important causes for COVID-19''s evolution to severe pneumonia, even to multiple organ dysfunction in a few cases [6] . Blood purification technology seems to be helpful for preventing COVID-19 patients with chronic renal failure from severe pneumonia or even multiple organ dysfunction. Interferon and cytokine responses to SARS-coronavirus infection abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic renal failure complicated with novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to evaluate the effect of blood purification technology on the treatment and prognosis of such patients METHODS: Two COVID-19 cases undergoing hemodialysis with chronic renal failure were retrospectively analysed in our hospital. RESULTS: Two COVID-19 patients were admitted to hospital due to cough, with or without fever. Laboratory tests showed decreased lymphocyte count, elevated PCT, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2R, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, NT-proBNP, creatinine, and urea nitrogen. Chest CT scan showed multiple blurred plaques and patchy shadows in both patients. Two patients received continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) every other day for 4-6 hours everytime, in addition to the standard treatment. After CVVHDF, not only cytokines were reduced, but also liver function and cardiac function significantly improved. Both patients did not develop severe pneumonia. They were discharged on March 1, 2020 when meeting the discharge criteria. CONCLUSION: Two COVID-19 patients on maintenance hemodialysis discharged after a month of hospitalization. The removal of cytokines through blood purification technology may be beneficial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S000991202030271X doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.04.008 id: cord-294073-65h2mkdy author: Ke, Jia title: Strategies and recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience shared by Chinese surgeons date: 2020-07-03 words: 4150.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294073-65h2mkdy.txt summary: We also recommend that each hospital should establish a group of diagnostic experts with responsibilities for risk stratification, especially for patients under investigation who need urgent surgery. • It is known that fever is one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 and that patients with certain GI diseases (e.g. acute appendicitis, gastric perforation, intestinal obstruction) who required urgent care with emergency GI surgery often present with high fever as well. COVID-19-positive patients with GI bleeding with hemodynamic stability should undergo conservative treatments first, including angioembolization, before endoscopic treatment due to the high risk of endoscopy being an aerosol-generating procedure. For confirmed/high-risk COVID-19 patients and PUIs, diagnostic and therapeutic GI endoscopies should be performed in a negative-pressure room with Level Three precautions. For all surgical personnel involved in GI surgery for confirmed/ high-risk COVID-19 patients or for PUIs for COVID-19, we recommend the following protective measures (Figure 1 ). abstract: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public-health pandemic worldwide. Although SARS-CoV-2 has been known to spread primarily through respiratory droplets, recent evidence also supports fecal/oral as an additional route of transmission, raising concerns over gastrointestinal (GI) transmission of the infection. Herein, we, as the front-line Chinese GI surgeons, would like to share our experience and lessons in the combat against COVID-19. It is essential to create science-based, rational, and practical strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19. Here, we provide multi-institutional consensus on minimizing disease transmission while continuing to provide care from all aspects for patients in GI surgery, including outpatient clinics, inpatient units, gastrointestinal endoscopy centers, and adjustments in perioperative care. Our experiences and recommendations are worth sharing and may help to establish specific infection-control and outcome measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661490/ doi: 10.1093/gastro/goaa030 id: cord-354902-t9df8vhc author: Kearns, Donovan G. title: Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 590.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354902-t9df8vhc.txt summary: title: Assessing the risk of dupilumab use for atopic dermatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic 10 Dupilumab, an interleukin 4 alpha receptor antagonist that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, is a 11 treatment for patients >12 years with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). In three randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials (SOLO 1, SOLO 2, and 18 CHRONOS), adults with moderate-to-severe AD received dupilumab (300 mg) weekly (qw), 19 3 Furthermore, in 28 all three trials, it was concluded that the rate of infection was not increased in dupilumab-treated 29 patients compared to placebo. Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus 58 Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis Long-term management of 60 moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical 61 corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-62 controlled, phase 3 trial abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0190962220310756 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.015 id: cord-355910-nn4jxwym author: Kearon, Joanne title: The Role of Primary Care in a Pandemic: Reflections During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada date: 2020-09-27 words: 2196.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355910-nn4jxwym.txt summary: From planning to surveillance to vaccination, primary care physicians are positioned to play a unique and vital role in a pandemic. 5 Therefore, family physicians have a duty to remain up-to-date with the best evidence as the pandemic progresses, and public health organizations must maintain open lines of communication with primary care. Nevertheless, when a patient is diagnosed, there is an opening for their family physician to contact them and reinforce public health measures. Primary care physicians are a key component of surveillance systems, with the responsibility to report to public health when they identify communicable diseases of significance. 5, 10 This function will become increasingly important in post-peak surveillance, when primary care physicians will be the ones to whom patients are most likely to first present, and may therefore be the first to identify resurgence of COVID-19. abstract: As COVID-19 cases began to rise in Ontario, Canada, in March 2020, increasing surge capacity in hospitals and intensive care units became a large focus of preparations. As part of these preparations, primary care physicians were ready to be redeployed to the hospitals. However, due to the effective implementation of community-wide public health measures, the hospital system was not overwhelmed. As Ontario prepares now for a potential second wave of COVID-19, primary care physicians have an opportunity to consider the full breadth and depth of scope for primary care during a pandemic. From planning to surveillance to vaccination, primary care physicians are positioned to play a unique and vital role in a pandemic. Nevertheless, there are specific barriers that will need to be overcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720962871 doi: 10.1177/2150132720962871 id: cord-289575-2kxhav4q author: Kearsley, R. title: The COVID‐19 information pandemic: how have we managed the surge? date: 2020-06-02 words: 1413.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289575-2kxhav4q.txt summary: While we adapt our practice and learn how to best manage our COVID-19 patients, a second pandemic information overload has become our Achilles'' heel. At times, guidelines from reputable organisations have also provided contrasting clinical opinions, such as the use of high-flow nasal oxygen in patients with COVID 19 [8] . The COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrating that we are utilising social media as one of our main sources for the dissemination of medical information [14] . Knowledge and debate surrounding personal protective equipment (PPE) has been one of the most prominent COVID-19 discussion points, due to the high risk of contagion via droplet spread [18, 19] , with frequent social media use [22] . We have witnessed an increase in public interest, awareness and knowledge of the role of the anaesthetist in healthcare due to this pandemic. Social media for rapid knowledge dissemination: early experience from the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has permanently impacted our everyday normality. Since the outbreak of this pandemic, our e-mail inboxes, social media feeds and even general news outlets have become saturated with new guidelines, revisions of guidelines, new protocols and updated protocols, all subject to constant amendments. This constant stream of information has added uncertainty and cognitive fatigue to a workforce that is under pressure. While we adapt our practice and learn how to best manage our COVID-19 patients, a second pandemic - information overload - has become our Achilles' heel. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15121 doi: 10.1111/anae.15121 id: cord-330411-hg1cxcs7 author: Keddie, S. title: Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and management date: 2020-10-22 words: 2407.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330411-hg1cxcs7.txt summary: This study investigates the routine laboratory tests and cytokines implicated in COVID-19 for their potential application as biomarkers of disease severity, respiratory failure and need of higher-level care. From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support (p ≤ 0.001). This study comprehensively explored clinical disease features and routine laboratory tests against specialist cytokine biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease and its complications, to address their association with disease severity, respiratory intervention and outcome. Biomarker analysis of CRP, LDH and the cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα, alongside thorough clinical assessment of COVID-19 patients, enables more accurate stratification of high from low risk cases and the need for intensive care support. abstract: The heterogeneous disease course of COVID-19 is unpredictable, ranging from mild self-limiting symptoms to cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure and death. Identification of high-risk cases will enable appropriate intervention and escalation. This study investigates the routine laboratory tests and cytokines implicated in COVID-19 for their potential application as biomarkers of disease severity, respiratory failure and need of higher-level care. From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support (p ≤ 0.001). IL-6 levels of ≥3.27 pg/ml provide a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.64 for a requirement of ventilation, and a CRP of ≥37 mg/L of 0.91 and 0.66. Reliable stratification of high-risk cases has significant implications on patient triage, resource management and potentially the initiation of novel therapies in severe patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108614 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108614 id: cord-252703-00ks1j0x author: Keddy, Karen H title: Developing health policies in patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2: consider tuberculosis date: 2020-10-15 words: 963.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252703-00ks1j0x.txt summary: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to a prominent public health response, with many countries introducing highly proactive measures for screening and identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 might additionally negatively affect T-cell-mediated immunity, causing lymphopenia, particularly in those with a severe form of the disease, 8 which could reactivate latent tuberculosis or render patients with COVID-19 more susceptible to acquiring a tuberculosis infection. Any symptomatic patient presenting with presumptive COVID-19 from a population at a high risk for tuberculosis, or from a country in which tuberculosis is highly endemic, 4 should have both diseases considered when it comes to submitting specimens for diagnosis, because of the potential reactivation of latent tuberculosis caused by the presence of SARS-CoV-2, or the greater frequency of tuberculosis presenting as community-acquired pneumonia in those populations. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214109X20304137 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30413-7 id: cord-280981-p0l5bpqi author: Keenan, Jesse M. title: COVID, resilience, and the built environment date: 2020-05-14 words: 3924.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280981-p0l5bpqi.txt summary: Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. In the past decade, multi-hazard disaster and engineering resilience planning has had significant impacts in shaping the design and management of the built environment in everything from supporting the business continuity of private enterprise (Keenan 2015) to the sustainable provision of critical public services (Humphries 2019) . abstract: This article provides a perspective on the reciprocal relationships between public and private sector resilience planning activities and the ongoing COVID responses in the U.S. Through the lens of the built environment, this article provides selected insights into how various disaster, organizational, and engineering resilience activities have likely positively shaped COVID responses within the healthcare sector. These positive influences are contextualized within extensive efforts within public health and healthcare management to calibrate community resilience frameworks and practices for utilization in everything from advancing community health to the continuity of facilities operations. Thereafter, the article shifts focus to speculate on how ongoing experiences under COVID might yield positive impacts for future resilience designs, plans and policies within housing and the built environment. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0 doi: 10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0 id: cord-353196-pbjrgyj2 author: Keeney, Tamra title: Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care date: 2020-05-26 words: 1156.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353196-pbjrgyj2.txt summary: This expected surge in rehabilitation needs has sparked national-level conversations around the importance of physical therapy for COVID-19 survivors in home and communitybased settings 1-3 as well as in postacute care facilities. In recent years, pressure to decrease hospital length of stay and increase "through-put"-the rate at which patients are moved in and out of the system-has contributed to a culture in many acute care environments whereby physical therapy functions primarily as a consultation service for discharge recommendations. Now, as COVID-19 ravages many long-term care and rehabilitation centers, patients are increasingly denied acceptance to these facilities and decisions Increased rehabilitation staffing in acute care ensures rehabilitative care is consistently delivered to patients with skilled therapy needs and may result in faster functional gains during hospitalization. Although rehabilitation utilization in hospitals varies enormously based on institution size, financial resources, and geographic location, it is clear that even in settings where acute care physical therapy is well staffed and well-funded, expansion of our roles is essential. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453426/ doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa097 id: cord-348813-v1sdodz9 author: Kefale, Belayneh title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-19 words: 3590.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348813-v1sdodz9.txt summary: title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Thromboembolism among Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis English-language based databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were exhaustively searched to identify studies related to prevalence of thromboembolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 33% (95% CI: 25-41%, I(2) = 97.30%, p < 0.001) with a high degree of heterogeneity across studies. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of venous thromboembolism prevalence based on 19 studies involving 2,520 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 51, 53, 54 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, various factors contributing to the prevalence of thrombotic events among patients with COVID-19 were identified. Prevalence and risk factors of thromboembolism among patients with COVID-19: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: Emerging evidence shows that the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction. This increases the risk of morbidity, mortality and economic loss among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, there was an urgent need to investigate the extent and risk factors of thromboembolism among COVID-19 patients. English-language based databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane library) were exhaustively searched to identify studies related to prevalence of thromboembolism among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of thromboembolism. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events was computed using STATA 16.0 software. Heterogeneity analysis was reported using I(2). A total of 19 studies with 2,520 patients with COVID-19 were included. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 33% (95% CI: 25-41%, I(2) = 97.30%, p < 0.001) with a high degree of heterogeneity across studies. Elevated D-dimer hospitalized in the intensive care unit and being under mechanical ventilation were the most frequently associated factors for the development of thrombotic events. The pooled prevalence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients was 33%. The prevalence of thrombotic event is variables on the basis of study design and study centers. Several risk factors such as, elevated D-dimer, hospitalized in the intensive care unit and being under mechanical ventilation, were the most frequently reported risk factors identified. Therefore, healthcare professionals should consider these risk factors to optimally manage thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074717/ doi: 10.1177/1076029620967083 id: cord-272720-isqc0bv8 author: Keil, Evan J. title: Social Media Perceptions of Surgical Cancer Care in the Era of COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-08-14 words: 3006.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272720-isqc0bv8.txt summary: Tweets most frequently focused on cancellations of surgeries (399; 40.1%), followed by education on COVID-19-related items (211; 21.2%), research studies (93; 9.3%), noncancelled cancer CONTEXT Key Objective What is the impact of COVID-19 on the surgical oncologic social media community? Relevance Patients and families are active on social media, and analysis of trends within these communities may allow physicians and academic institutions to respond to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic and further improve patient care. The primary objective of this observational, cross-sectional study was to illuminate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and surgery across the globe through an analysis of social media. Perspectives from academic institutions, patients, friends and family, businesses, and physicians highlight such topics as cancellation of surgery; COVID-19 education; research studies; and, less frequently, the resumption of surgery and cancer guidelines. abstract: PURPOSE: The rapid dissemination of information through social media renders a profound lens to evaluate perceptions of emerging topics, especially in the context of a global pandemic. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to elucidate trends on social media in the setting of surgical cancer care affected by the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe. METHODS: A public search of Twitter from April 1 to 30, 2020, was conducted, which yielded 996 posts related to COVID-19 and cancer. Two authors (E.J.K. and H.S.) individually reviewed all posts and recorded the post category, engagement, author category, and geographic location. Data were then analyzed through descriptive analyses. Only English-language posts were included, and any noncancer- or non-COVID–related posts were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 734 unique authors from 26 different countries wrote 996 relevant posts that averaged 12.0 likes, 4.7 retweets, and 0.5 hashtags per post. Only 2.3% (23 of 996) of posts included a video. Authors of the included tweets most frequently were friends and families of patients (183; 18.4%), academic institutions or organizations (182; 18.3%), and physicians (138; 13.9%). Topics of importance were cancellations of surgeries (299; 40.1%), COVID-19 education (211; 121.2%), and research studies (93; 9.3%). The United Kingdom and the United States made up 81.5% of the cohort, followed by Canada (6.6%) and India (2.4%). Of posts where a specific type of surgery was identified (196), the most common type mentioned was breast cancer (50; 25.5%), followed by lung cancer (37; 18.9%) and urologic cancer (22; 11.2%). CONCLUSION: This analysis provides insight into the resulting impacts of COVID-19 on the global discussion of surgical cancer care. url: https://doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00326 doi: 10.1200/go.20.00326 id: cord-339252-ph10txit author: Keita, Abdoulaye title: Anosmie sans agueusie chez des patients COVID-19: à propos de 2 cas date: 2020-07-13 words: 1270.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339252-ph10txit.txt summary: Dans la pandémie actuelle, l''anosmie associée ou non à une agueusie semble être un symptôme fréquent en cas d''infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 responsable de COVID-19. L''anosmie et/ou l''agueusie en l''absence d''autres maladies respiratoires telles que la rhinite allergique, la rhinosinusite aiguë ou la rhinosinusite chronique, devraient alerter les médecins sur la possibilité d''une infection par COVID-19 [3] et inciter sérieusement à s''auto-isoler et à tester ces personnes [3] . Ça été le cas chez nos patients qui ont été testé positif au COVID-19 et c''est au cours de leur convalescence que l''anosmie sans agueusie s''est installée brutalement, chose qui a été décrit dans certaines études [4] . Cependant, chez les patients COVID-19, il ne semble pas y avoir une composante inflammatoire aussi importante et l''altération de l''odorat n''est généralement pas accompagnée de symptômes de rhinite [1, 2] . L''anosmie est un symptôme observé chez les patients COVID-19. abstract: During the ongoing pandemic, anosmia, whether or not associated with aguesia, has been a common symptom in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection causing COVID-19. We here report two cases of anosemia without aguesia in adults with COVID-19. The onset was brutal and symptomsa persisted for a few weeks after healing. The patients presented to the ENT Department where they received no therapy and underwent outpatient surveillance. After 5 weeks, patients reported they had recovered the sense of smell. This study highlights that anosmia can occur without aguesia and persist after healing in COVID-19 patients. Recovery of the smell is possible after a few weeks without medical treatment. That is why, patients follow-up is essential in subjects recovered from COVID-19 to better understand the course of persistent symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.36.176.24027 doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.176.24027 id: cord-353599-cw29edwr author: Kelleni, Mina T. title: Early use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in COVID-19 might reverse pathogenesis, prevent complications and improve clinical outcomes date: 2020-11-04 words: 2610.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353599-cw29edwr.txt summary: In this manuscript, we present a novel theory to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19; lymphocyte distraction theory upon which the author has used, in a preprinted protocol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); diclofenac potassium, ibuprofen and ketoprofen, successfully to treat COVID-19 patients. It was previously suggested that SARS CoV induced lymphopenia is likely to be caused by indirect mechanisms such as an increase in cortisol levels that occurred as part of the body stress response to this severe respiratory viral infection or by an iatrogenic effect of glucocorticoids used to manage those patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: The pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 is still obscure and the need for exploration of possible mechanisms to suggest drugs based on knowledge should never be delayed. In this manuscript, we present a novel theory to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19; lymphocyte distraction theory upon which the author has used, in a preprinted protocol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); diclofenac potassium, ibuprofen and ketoprofen, successfully to treat COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we agree with a recommendation that glucocorticoids should not be used routinely for COVID-19 patients and suggested to be beneficial only for patients with late acute respiratory distress syndrome. A clinical proof of ibuprofen safety in COVID-19 has been published by other researchers and we suggest that early administration of NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, in COVID-19 is not only safe but it might also prevent COVID-19 complications and this manuscript explains some of the suggested associated protective mechanisms. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0753332220311744 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110982 id: cord-286915-lhxg4vjn author: Keller, Brian C. title: Early COVID‐19 infection after lung transplantation date: 2020-06-11 words: 860.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286915-lhxg4vjn.txt summary: Herein, we report the first case of COVID‐19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation. COVID-19, the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, continues to rapidly spread, leading to significant stressors on global healthcare infrastructure. Herein, we report the first case of COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation. coronavirus, COVID-19, lung transplant Sixty hours after hospital admission, the donor was taken to the operating room for organ procurement following cardiac death. Given concern for infection, MMF was decreased to 500 mg every 12 hours, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing via nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) was obtained on POD9, returning positive 35 hours later. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient abstract: COVID‐19, the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, continues to rapidly spread, leading to significant stressors on global healthcare infrastructure. The manifestations of COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients are only beginning to be understood with cases reported to date in transplant recipients on chronic immunosuppression. Herein, we report the first case of COVID‐19 in a lung transplant recipient in the immediate posttransplant period, and we describe the epidemiologic challenges in identifying the source of infection in this unique situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16097 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16097 id: cord-256482-xcoignha author: Kelley, Maureen title: An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries date: 2020-05-14 words: 971.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256482-xcoignha.txt summary: title: An appeal for practical social justice in the COVID-19 global response in low-income and middle-income countries The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world''s wealthiest countries first, shaping global public health responses and messaging. First, the self-determination and agency of LMICs are important to uphold and respect, which means that LMICs develop and shape contextually relevant public health interventions, drawing on international partners as needed. 6 Front-line health workers also face economic hardships, reflected in ongoing health worker strikes in many LMICs. In Zimbabwe, for example, some clinical staff have not been paid for several months, and yet they are expected to lead the fight against COVID-19. 7 Key actions include lifting health facility user fees, ensuring fair pay, infection control training, provision of personal protective equipment, and COVID-19 testing for front-line staff. Assessing the hospital surge capacity of the Kenyan health system in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214109X20302497 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30249-7 id: cord-354039-2fwy9z19 author: Kelly, Brendan D. title: Mental health, mental capacity, ethics and the law in the context of Covid-19 (coronavirus) date: 2020-10-01 words: 572.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354039-2fwy9z19.txt summary: This special issue of the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry explores mental health law, mental capacity law, and medical and legal ethics in the context of Covid-19. Together, these articles demonstrate the complexity of psychiatric and legal issues prompted by Covid-19 in terms of providing mental health care, protecting rights, exercising decision-making capacity and a range of other topics. The range of possible implications is broad and includes actual or proposed emergency legislation, negative ramifications for the human rights of people with mental illness or impaired mental capacity, the pandemic"s potential impact on justice for these populations and various implications for legal and forensic practice in psychiatry. Taken together, this collection demonstrates clearly the complexity of psychiatric and legal issues prompted by Covid-19, ranging from providing mental health care to protecting rights, from exercising decision-making capacity to ensuring the provision of accurate, reliable information to those who need it. abstract: The emergence of the Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic in late 2019 and early 2020 presented new and urgent challenges to mental health services and legislators around the world. This special issue of the International Journal of Law and Psychiatry explores mental health law, mental capacity law, and medical and legal ethics in the context of Covid-19. Papers are drawn from India, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Portugal and the United States. Together, these articles demonstrate the complexity of psychiatric and legal issues prompted by Covid-19 in terms of providing mental health care, protecting rights, exercising decision-making capacity and a range of other topics. While further work is needed in many of these areas, these papers provide a strong frame-work for addressing key issues and meeting the challenges that Covid-19 and, possibly, other outbreaks are likely to present in the future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0160252720300911 doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101632 id: cord-305659-4pdtqmgp author: Kemmner, Stephan title: Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-04 words: 157.0 sentences: 18.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305659-4pdtqmgp.txt summary: key: cord-305659-4pdtqmgp authors: Kemmner, Stephan; Guba, Markus; Schönermarck, Ulf; Stangl, Manfred; Fischereder, Michael title: Cyclosporine as preferred calcineurin inhibitor in renal allograft recipients with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-04 journal: Kidney Int DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.024 sha: doc_id: 305659 cord_uid: 4pdtqmgp nan The therapeutic regimen consisted of withdrawal of the antimetabolite, conversion to low-dose steroid and introduction of low-dose cyclosporine, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. He required mechanical ventilation for four days until his general condition improved significantly and the patient could be discharged after 17 days with stable allograft function. Therefore, switching to a Cyclosporine-based immunosuppression may represent another therapeutic option in the case of COVID-19 infection following kidney transplantation. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients Early experience with COVID-19 in kidney transplantation Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.024 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.024 id: cord-280780-owudyf7j author: Kemp, Oliver J title: Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-28 words: 1491.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280780-owudyf7j.txt summary: title: Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study OBJECTIVES: We describe the inter-rater agreement between Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and reporting radiologists in the interpretation of chest X-rays (CXRs) in patients presenting to ED with suspected COVID-19. We compared ED clinicians'' and radiologists'' interpretation of the CXRs according to British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines, using the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC area). ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation. This study describes the accuracy of ED clinicians'' CXR interpretation in cases of suspected COVID-19 infection, when compared to radiologist opinion. Data obtained for this research included the treating ED clinician''s interpretation of the patient''s CXR as well as the formal radiology report, both according to the BSTI COVID-19 guidelines. abstract: OBJECTIVES: We describe the inter-rater agreement between Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and reporting radiologists in the interpretation of chest X-rays (CXRs) in patients presenting to ED with suspected COVID-19. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected COVID-19. We compared ED clinicians’ and radiologists’ interpretation of the CXRs according to British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines, using the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC area). RESULTS: CXRs of 152 cases with suspected COVID-19 infection were included. Sensitivity and specificity for ‘classic’ COVID-19 CXR findings reported by ED clinician was 84 and 83%, respectively, with a ROC area of 0.84 (95%CI 0.77 to 0.90). Accuracy improved with ED clinicians’ experience, with ROC areas of 0.73 (95%CI 0.45 to 1.00), 0.81 (95%CI 0.73 to 0.89), 1.00 (95%CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.70 to 1.00) for foundation year doctors, senior house officers, higher speciality trainees and ED consultants, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ED clinicians demonstrated moderate inter-rater agreement with reporting radiologists according to the BSTI COVID-19 classifications. The improvement in accuracy with ED clinician experience suggests training of junior ED clinicians in the interpretation of COVID-19 related CXRs might be beneficial. Large-scale survey studies might be useful in the further evaluation of this topic. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation. Further service configurations such as 24-hr hot reporting of CXRs can be guided by these data, as well as an ongoing, nationwide follow-up study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178979/ doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200020 id: cord-336488-opjjowcq author: Kenanidis, Eustathios title: Organizing an Orthopaedic Department During COVID-19 Pandemic to Mitigate In-Hospital Transmission: Experience From Greece date: 2020-06-17 words: 3384.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336488-opjjowcq.txt summary: The aim of this paper is to review the existing orthopaedic literature and to present the principles of management and care implemented in the orthopaedic departments of a tertiary academic hospital in Greece to operate during COVID-19 pandemic in order to mitigate the risk of in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to the medical, nursing and administrative orthopaedic personnel. In addition, we presented the clinical indications to delineate orthopaedic patients who deserve emergency or urgent in-hospital care from those that can be treated in the outpatient setting, as well as from the day surgery clinics or could not be admitted in the hospital, in order to decrease the SARS-CoV-2 transmission load. The proposed principles of management and care are deployed below as (1) general management of the orthopaedic departments, (2) recommendations for the management of traumatic orthopaedic injuries, (3) hospital pathways for the admitted orthopaedic patients (4) workflow of the isolated and negative pressure COVID-19 operating theatre (COT) and (5) postoperative care of the COVID-19 infected patients. abstract: The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerging in Wuhan city of China, was the cause of a rare type of pneumonia evolving rapidly in pandemic early at the beginning of 2020. The rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 increases the risk of in-hospital transmission, requiring re-definement of musculoskeletal trauma management and postoperative care. Following the review of the existing literature on COVID-19 and similar infectious diseases, National and Hospital Board instructions for Infectious Diseases, as well as the consensus for surgical care by the consortium of the Orthopaedic Department Directors, we present the outline of the implemented principles in the orthopaedic departments of a tertiary academic hospital in Greece to operate during COVID-19 pandemic. Our overall objectives were to decrease the admission load and mitigate the risk of in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The principles involve the management of the Orthopaedic medical and nursing personnel, alterations of the workflow in the wards, operating rooms and outpatient clinics from the admission to the discharge of an orthopaedic patient. In addition, we present the recommended principles of management of traumatic orthopaedic injuries highlighting those deserving admission and in-hospital care and those that can be treated in the outpatient setting or day surgery clinics. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8676 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8676 id: cord-316354-pix0hmpj author: Kennedy, Nicholas A title: Organisational changes and challenges for inflammatory bowel disease services in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 words: 5234.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316354-pix0hmpj.txt summary: ► Essential services for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients including outpatient care, advice lines, endoscopy and infusion units may be affected. The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4-7.5 and median 3, IQR 2-4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1-4.8 and median 2, IQR 1-3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the challenges in diagnosis, monitoring, support provision in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and explore the adaptations of IBD services. METHODS: Internet-based survey by invitation of IBD services across the UK from 8 to 14 April 2020. RESULTS: Respondents from 125 IBD services completed the survey. The number of whole-time equivalent gastroenterologists and IBD nurses providing elective outpatient care decreased significantly between baseline (median 4, IQR 4–7.5 and median 3, IQR 2–4) to the point of survey (median 2, IQR 1–4.8 and median 2, IQR 1–3) in the 6-week period following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Almost all (94%; 112/119) services reported an increase in IBD helpline activity. Face-to-face clinics were substituted for telephone consultation by 86% and video consultation by 11% of services. A variation in the provision of laboratory faecal calprotectin testing was noted with 27% of services reporting no access to faecal calprotectin, and a further 32% reduced access. There was also significant curtailment of IBD-specific endoscopy and elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: IBD services in the UK have implemented several adaptive strategies in order to continue to provide safe and high-quality care for patients. National Health Service organisations will need to consider the impact of these changes in current service delivery models and staffing levels when planning exit strategies for post-pandemic IBD care. Careful planning to manage the increased workload and to maintain IBD services is essential to ensure patient safety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874484/ doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101520 id: cord-312293-2h37qxcg author: Kennelly, Brendan title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response date: 2020-09-09 words: 5826.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312293-2h37qxcg.txt summary: Transparency, a commitment to a relatively open data policy, the use of traditional and social media to inform the population, and the frequency of updates from the Department of Health and the Health Services Executive are all commendable and have led to a high level of compliance among the general public with the various non-medical measures introduced by the government. We analyse the available data on cases, hospitalisations and deaths, and outline the key public health initiatives undertaken by the government in Ireland. Ireland has followed a multi-faceted approach to the COVID-19 crisis involving measures to: 1) limit the spread of the virus in the community and specific institutional settings, 2) test and trace suspected contacts, 3) ensure that there were adequate healthcare services and equipment available for people who became seriously ill with the virus, and 4) limit the financial burden on individuals and businesses due to the response to the virus. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To outline the situation in Ireland with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS: Analyse the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Review the key public health and health system responses. RESULTS: Over 1,700 people have died with COVID-19 by July 19(th) while almost 3,000 people had been admitted to hospital with COVID-19. A high proportion of the deaths occurred in nursing homes and other residential centres who did not receive sufficient attention during the early phase of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Ireland's response to the COVID-19 crisis has been comprehensive and timely. Transparency, a commitment to a relatively open data policy, the use of traditional and social media to inform the population, and the frequency of updates from the Department of Health and the Health Services Executive are all commendable and have led to a high level of compliance among the general public with the various non-medical measures introduced by the government. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923355/ doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.021 id: cord-257268-6a6nc2k7 author: Kennelly, S. P. title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-06-12 words: 3584.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257268-6a6nc2k7.txt summary: Aims: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Ireland, proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident, symptom-profile and resident case-fatality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 doi: medRxiv preprint Manuscript word count: 2498 words References: 14 Tables: 3 Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and the related illness COVID-19 has disproportionately affected nursing home (NH) residents since its emergence in late 2019 [1] . We aimed to examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Dublin/Eastern Ireland, the proportion with outbreaks of COVID-19, symptom profile for staff and residents, and resident mortality rates. NHs with "early" outbreaks had a higher number of deaths expressed as a proportion of total residents but similar case-fatality rates for residents with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 as NHs with "late" outbreaks [ Table 3 ]. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 doi: medRxiv preprint In ten NHs with COVID-19 where total staffing levels were recorded, the median proportion of residents with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 was 43.7% (IQR 34.6-53.4%). abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected nursing home (NH) residents. In Ireland, the first NH case of COVID-19 occurred on 16/03/2020. A national point-prevalence testing program of all NH residents and staff took place from 18/04/2020-05/05/2020. Aims: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Ireland, proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident, symptom-profile and resident case-fatality. Methods: Forty-five NHs surveyed across three CHOs requesting details on occupancy, size, COVID-19 outbreak, timing of outbreak, total symptomatic/asymptomatic cases, and outcomes for residents from 29/02/2020-22/05/2020. Results: Surveys were returned from (62.2%, 28/45) of NHs (2043 residents, 2303 beds). Three-quarters (21/28) had COVID-19 outbreaks (1741 residents, 1972 beds). Median time from first case of COVID-19 in Ireland to first case in these NHs was 27.0 days. Resident COVID-19 incidence was (43.9%, 764/1741): laboratory-confirmed (40.1%, 710/1741) with (27.2%, 193/710 asymptomatic), and clinically-suspected (3.1%, 54/1741). Resident case-fatality was (27.6%, 211/764) for combined laboratory-confirmed/clinically-suspected COVID-19. Similar proportions of residents in NH with an early outbreak (<28days) versus a later outbreak developed confirmed/suspected COVID-19. A lower proportion of residents in NHs with early outbreaks had recovered compared to those with late outbreaks (37.4% vs 61.7%; X2=56.9, p<0.001). Among 675 NH staff across twenty-four sites who had confirmed/suspected COVID-19 (23.6%, 159/675) were asymptomatic. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of staff with symptomatic COVID-19 and resident numbers with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 (Spearmans rho=0.81, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates COVID-19 impact on NH residents and staff. High infection rates lead to challenges in care provision. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.20128199v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128199 id: cord-273235-jxsldz4o author: Kennelly, Sean P title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes date: 2020-09-28 words: 2143.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273235-jxsldz4o.txt summary: title: Asymptomatic carriage rates and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents and staff in Irish nursing homes AIMS: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs), proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident infection rates symptom-profile, and resident case-fatality. METHODS: Forty-five NHs surveyed requesting details on occupancy, size, COVID-19 outbreak, outbreak timing, total symptomatic/asymptomatic cases, and outcomes for residents from 29/02/2020–22/05/2020.  A significant proportion of residents and staff with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic  Outbreak timing (''early'' vs ''late'') may impact clinical outcomes for residents  Systematic mass-testing of nursing home residents and staff allows timely identification of asymptomatic individuals  Identification and isolation of asymptomatic individuals is essential for outbreak eradication and recovery in this setting To examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs) in Dublin/Eastern Ireland, the proportion with COVID-19 outbreaks, symptom profile for staff and residents, and resident mortality rates. abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected nursing homes (NH). In Ireland, the first NH case COVID-19 occurred on 16/03/2020. A national point-prevalence testing program of all NH residents and staff took place (18/04/2020–05/05/2020). AIMS: To examine characteristics of NHs across three Irish Community Health Organisations (CHOs), proportions with COVID-19 outbreaks, staff and resident infection rates symptom-profile, and resident case-fatality. METHODS: Forty-five NHs surveyed requesting details on occupancy, size, COVID-19 outbreak, outbreak timing, total symptomatic/asymptomatic cases, and outcomes for residents from 29/02/2020–22/05/2020. RESULTS: Surveys were returned from 62.2% (28/45) of NHs (2043 residents, 2,303 beds). Three-quarters (21/28) had COVID-19 outbreaks (1741 residents, 1972 beds). Median time from first COVID-19 case in Ireland to first case in these NHs was 27.0 days. Resident incidence was 43.9% (764/1741): 40.8% (710/1741) laboratory-confirmed, with 27.2% (193/710) asymptomatic, and 3.1% (54/1741) clinically-suspected. Resident case-fatality was 27.6% (211/764) for combined laboratory-confirmed/clinically-suspected COVID-19. Similar proportions of residents in NHs with “early-stage” (<28 days) versus “later-stage” outbreaks developed COVID-19. Lower proportions of residents in “early” outbreak NHs had recovered compared to those with “late” outbreaks (37.4% vs 61.7%; χ(2) = 56.9, P < 0.001). Of 395 NH staff across twelve sites with confirmed COVID-19, 24.7% (99/398) were asymptomatic. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of staff with symptomatic COVID-19 and resident numbers with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 (Spearman’s rho = 0.81, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the significant impact of COVID-19 on the NH sector. Systematic point-prevalence testing is necessary to reduce risk of transmission from asymptomatic carriers and manage outbreaks in this setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32986806/ doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa220 id: cord-027798-aq13cugo author: Kenny, Sue title: Covid-19 and community development date: 2020-06-01 words: 1377.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027798-aq13cugo.txt summary: In the context of the immense demand, there is growing pressure for community development practitioners to focus entirely on welfare work, as agents of the "benign" state. A society in which fear is amplified, power is ceded to governments and communities practise self-surveillance provides an ideal setting for authoritarian practices. Nevertheless, there is a growing chorus of voices warning us of the ways in which authoritarianism is seeping into the fabric of society, particularly when this takes place under the guise of controlling the Covid-19 pandemic. For example, we are being alerted to the ways in which authoritarian populists such as Orban in Hungary and Bolsonaro in Brazil have used the pandemic as a cover to extend their powers, by eliminating dissent and extending state surveillance. At the beginning of May, 2020, what can those committed to community development be doing in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the changing socio-political milieu? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314259/ doi: 10.1093/cdj/bsaa020 id: cord-284555-5qbigvun author: Kent, David M. title: When predictions are used to allocate scarce health care resources: three considerations for models in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-05-20 words: 1760.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284555-5qbigvun.txt summary: MAIN BODY: We review three issues of importance for microallocation: (1) Prediction of benefit (or of medical futility) may be technically very challenging; (2) When resources are scarce, calibration is less important for microallocation than is ranking to prioritize patients, since capacity determines thresholds for resource utilization; (3) The concept of group fairness, which is not germane in shared decision-making, is of central importance in microallocation. Because prognostication by physician clinical judgment is vulnerable to myriad cognitive biases [2] and prone to error [3, 4] , and because the extreme psychological burdens of this approach to allocation of life-saving resources should be avoided, there is an important potential role for prognostic models. While more generally it is assumed that patients at highest risk derive the most benefit from medical interventions, amongst the critically ill, this assumption is turned on its head: medical futility (i.e. dismal prognosis despite maximal therapy) is typically thought to be the most useful prediction for withholding of scarce critical care resources. abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for life-saving interventions such as mechanical ventilation may threaten to outstrip resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. Allocation of these resources to those most likely to benefit can be supported by clinical prediction models. The ethical and practical considerations relevant to predictions supporting decisions about microallocation are distinct from those that inform shared decision-making in ways important for model design. MAIN BODY: We review three issues of importance for microallocation: (1) Prediction of benefit (or of medical futility) may be technically very challenging; (2) When resources are scarce, calibration is less important for microallocation than is ranking to prioritize patients, since capacity determines thresholds for resource utilization; (3) The concept of group fairness, which is not germane in shared decision-making, is of central importance in microallocation. Therefore, model transparency is important. CONCLUSION: Prediction supporting allocation of life-saving interventions should be explicit, data-driven, frequently updated and open to public scrutiny. This implies a preference for simple, easily understood and easily applied prognostic models. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-020-00079-y doi: 10.1186/s41512-020-00079-y id: cord-279649-wllc0gl5 author: Kent, Katherine title: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Insecurity in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 words: 6919.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279649-wllc0gl5.txt summary: Fifteen socio-demographic variables were collected, including age (in years), gender (male, female, other), local government area of residence, if they identified as from Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent, whether they have a health condition or disability that limited their activity, citizenship status (born in Australia, Australian citizen, permanent resident or temporary resident), the highest level of education, relationship status, household composition, employment status, total household income bracket and whether they were the main shopper for their family. Socio-demographic characteristics of the survey respondents according to food security categories and assessments of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and income are presented in Table 1 . This study presents results from a survey of adults in Tasmania, Australia, assessing the prevalence and socio-demographic predictors of household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic vulnerabilities and disrupted the Australian food supply, with potential implications for food insecurity. This study aims to describe the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of food insecurity in Tasmania, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey (deployed late May to early June 2020) incorporated the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, and fifteen demographic and COVID-related income questions. Survey data (n = 1170) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. The prevalence of food insecurity was 26%. The adjusted odds of food insecurity were higher among respondents with a disability, from a rural area, and living with dependents. Increasing age, a university education, and income above $80,000/year were protective against food insecurity. Food insecurity more than doubled with a loss of household income above 25% (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.71; p = 0.022), and the odds further increased with loss of income above 75% (AOR: 7.14; 95% CI: 2.01, 24.83; p = 0.002). Our results suggest that the prevalence of food insecurity may have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among economically vulnerable households and people who lost income. Policies that support disadvantaged households and ensure adequate employment opportunities are important to support Australians throughout and post the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092682 doi: 10.3390/nu12092682 id: cord-330676-urr9oqfc author: Keny, Dr Swapnil title: Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries in non covid patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: Perspective from India date: 2020-05-12 words: 2211.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330676-urr9oqfc.txt summary: This case series describes our experience of the first 18 emergency and urgent surgeries performed at a tertiary care institute in India during the COVID 19 pandemic following the protocols set up by our centre as per government guidelines and International recommendations. Between March 20th 2020 and April 30th 2020, over a span of 40 days, 18 Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries were performed on non COVID patients by four surgeons at our centre in the city of Mumbai , in India as per protocols set up at our institution. Once the preliminary thermal screening for Pyrexia and symptoms of COVID 19 was performed, the patients were directed to 3 different containment zones in the ER All Emergency surgeries were performed by personnel from the surgical team, the anesthesia team and the medical support staff wearing PPE''s. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To Evaluate the results and the protocols of our Institution for 18 Emergency and Urgent Non Covid Surgeries during the Covid 19 Pandemic METHODS: 18 patients underwent Emergency and Urgent Orthopaedic Surgeries at institution. The Protocol was Screening, Segregation, Selection, Isolation, theatre modification, and Online Follow. RESULTS: Two adverse events including, one death and one intensive care admission due to underlying morbidity were recorded. Average Hospital stay was 2.5 days with no patients becoming covid positive at follow up. CONCLUSION: Strict Surgical protocols need to be followed for surgery during the Covid19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0972978X20301914?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.012 id: cord-302566-pps56i3b author: Kenyon, C. title: Intensive COVID-19 testing associated with reduced mortality - an ecological analysis of 108 countries date: 2020-05-30 words: 904.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302566-pps56i3b.txt summary: (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: Background Intensive screening and testing for COVID-19 could facilitate early detection and isolation of infected persons and thereby control the size of the epidemic. It could also facilitate earlier and more targeted therapy. These factors could plausibly reduce attributable mortality which was the hypothesis tested in this study. Methods Linear regression was used to assess the country-level association between COVID-19 attributable mortality per 100 000 inhabitants (mortality/capita) and COVID-19 tests/capita (number of tests/100 000 inhabitants) controlling for the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections/100 000 inhabitants (cases/capita), the age of the epidemic (number of days between first case reported and 8 April), national health expenditure per capita and WHO world region. Results The COVID-19 mortality rate varied between 0.3 and 3110 deaths/100 000 inhabitants (median 30, IQR 8-105). The intensity of testing per 100 000 also varied considerably (median 21,970, IQR 2,735-89,095) as did the number of COVID-19 cases per 100 000 (median 1,600, IQR 340-4,760 cases/100 000). In the multivariate model, the COVID-19 mortality rate was negatively associated with tests/capita (Coef. -0.036, 95% CI -0.047- -0.025) and positively associated with cases/capita (Coef. 0.093, 95% CI 0.819- 1.034). Conclusions The results are compatible with the hypothesis that intensive testing and isolation could play a role in reducing COVID-10 mortality rates. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20115691 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115691 id: cord-256665-p9vbeffv author: Kenyon, Chris title: The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise date: 2020-05-06 words: 810.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256665-p9vbeffv.txt summary: title: The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 – reverse the predisposing pro-inflammatory state with exercise The Forrest Gump approach to preventing severe COVID-19 -reverse the predisposing 1 pro-inflammatory state with exercise 2 chronic diseases predispose to severe disease is that they are associated with a pro-33 inflammatory state and an imbalance between the pro-inflammatory angiotensin converting Exercise has also consistently been shown to be an effective way to reduce blood pressure in 70 hypertensives [15] . If this theory is correct, then regular exercise and a healthy diet would not reduce one''s risk 76 of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2, but they would reduce one''s risk of getting severe 77 disease. We must acknowledge that randomized clinical trials in high risk populations would 78 need to be conducted before we can conclude that exercise and diet would have this 79 protective effect. As an alternative, the protective-effect-of-exercise/diet could be 81 tested in animal models of severe COVID-19 [18] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.003 doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.003 id: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author: Kergaßner, Andreas title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 words: 4492.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt summary: Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. Based on the history of S, other quantities and subgroups can be determined directly from including medical data on the various courses and infectiousness levels of the disease via corresponding integration weights: We distinguish between the states infectious γ I , symptomatic γ S , tested and quarantined γ Q , hospitalized γ H , in intensive care γ ICU , recovered γ R and deceased γ D . Figure 6 shows the model predicted spatial distribution at county resolution of infectious, symptomatic, hospitalized, and patients in intensive care, following from the individual disease courses in Fig. 1 . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented world-wide effort to gather data, model, and understand the viral spread. Entire societies and economies are desperate to recover and get back to normality. However, to this end accurate models are of essence that capture both the viral spread and the courses of disease in space and time at reasonable resolution. Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. We calibrate our model with data on cumulative detected infections and deaths from the Robert-Koch Institute and demonstrate how the model can be used to obtain county- or even city-level estimates on the number of new infections, hospitality rates and demands on intensive care units. We believe that the present work may help guide decision makers to locally fine-tune their expedient response to potential new outbreaks in the near future. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 doi: 10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 id: cord-291483-ni6toh8c author: Kermani-Alghoraishi, Mohammad title: A Review of Venous Thromboembolism Phenomena in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-28 words: 1975.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291483-ni6toh8c.txt summary: One of the most important known complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the occurrence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, especially in critically ill patients and hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of VTE disease, especially pulmonary embolism, in patients with SARS-CoV 2 infections are incredibly difficult and challenging. As the first para-clinical approach in the diagnostic algorithm of pulmonary embolism, the use of D-dimer in the patients admitted with SARS-CoV 2 infection is controversial, because this marker has been increased as an acute reaction factor in hospitalized patients in need of respiratory care and loses its predictive value due to its low specificity (28) . Finally, according to recent studies, it is recommended that most of the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially critically ill patients admitted to ICU or cases with high D-dimer level, use pharmacological VTE prophylaxis (23, 37) . abstract: With the outbreak of the second peak of COVID-19 in many countries of the world, re-attention to the symptoms and complications of this disease has received much attention. One of the most important known complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the occurrence of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, especially in critically ill patients and hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The pathology of this event is complex and multifactorial, but the main problem now is the timely diagnosis of these phenomena, which can reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients. Deterioration of clinical condition in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection along with increased coagulation markers can increase clinical suspicion of VTE events. Imaging techniques, especially computed tomography pulmonary angiography, can well solve this puzzle and lead to timely treatment of these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100692 doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100692 id: cord-346942-88l03lf0 author: Kerpel, Ariel title: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Chest Radiographs for COVID-19 at Presentation date: 2020-08-17 words: 4481.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346942-88l03lf0.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation. 13 Data on the strengths and weaknesses of chest radiography for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are important, as CXRs are the most commonly used triage imaging tool in any patient presenting with respiratory symptoms. We identified our study population by extracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR test results (positive or negative) of nasopharyngeal swabs from all consecutive patients older than 18 years analyzed at our hospital''s laboratory from the ED from March 6-31, 2020, who had a CXR at presentation (within 24 hours of the first RT-PCR). When the RALE score was evaluated as a prognostic indicator within the COVID-19 patient group, both readers had statistically significant discriminatory accuracy for severe disease and poor outcomes (Table 3) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary opacities in COVID-19 increase throughout the illness and peak after ten days. The radiological literature mainly focuses on CT findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest radiographs (CXR) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at presentation. METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive reverse transcription polymerase reaction-confirmed COVID-19 patients (n = 104, 75% men) and patients (n = 75, 51% men) with repeated negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests. Two radiologists blindly and independently reviewed the CXRs, documented findings, assigned radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) scores, and predicted the patients’ COVID-19 status. We calculated interobserver reliability. The score use for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: The overall RALE score failed to identify COVID-19 patients at presentation. However, the score was inversely correlated with a COVID-19 diagnosis within ≤2 days, and a positive correlation was found six days after symptom onset.Interobserver agreement with regard to separating normal from abnormal CXRs was moderate (k = 0.408) with low specificity (25% and 27%). Definite pleural effusion had almost perfect agreement (k = 0.833) and substantially reduced the odds of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Disease distribution and experts’ opinion on COVID-19 status had only fair interobserver agreement. The RALE score interobserver reliability was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.745). A high RALE score predicted a poor outcome (intensive care unit hospitalization, intubation, or death) in COVID-19 patients; a score of ≥5 substantially increased the odds of having a poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Chest radiography was found not to be a valid diagnostic tool for COVID-19, as normal or near-normal CXRs are more likely early in the disease course. Pleural effusions at presentation suggest a diagnosis other than COVID-19. More extensive lung opacities at presentation are associated with poor outcome in COVID-19 patients. Thus, patients with more than minimal opacities should be monitored closely for clinical deterioration. This clinical application of CXR is its greatest strength in COVID-19 as it impacts patient care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32970556/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48842 id: cord-315490-xs5v3uc3 author: Kessler, Remi A. title: Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic date: 2020-05-05 words: 3982.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315490-xs5v3uc3.txt summary: In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. In this paper, we present our institutional neurosurgical oncology patient management approach for the treatment of brain and spine tumors during the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC. The following example cases are solely to provide our guiding principles and experience at this unprecedented time in neurosurgical practice at a large tertiary care academic medical center in NYC, the heart of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States. In this report, we provide examples of the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) neurosurgical experience and clinical reasoning for the changes in management of brain and spine tumors. abstract: The challenges of neurosurgical patient management and surgical decision-making during the 2019–2020 COVID-19 worldwide pandemic are immense and never-before-seen in our generation of neurosurgeons. In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. The detailed explanations of our surgical reasoning for each tumor case is tailored to assist neurosurgeons across the United States as they face these complex operative decisions put forth by the realities of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32372178/ doi: 10.1007/s11060-020-03523-7 id: cord-296592-njf6u0v2 author: Keswani, Rajesh N. title: How To Maximize Trainee Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Around the World date: 2020-05-07 words: 2547.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296592-njf6u0v2.txt summary: Furthermore, due to the high virulence of SARS-CoV-2, emergent demand for stringent standards of infection control, and rationing of necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) 2 , the overall endoscopy volumes decreased dramatically with only a minority the units performing outpatient procedures. The GI societies have been at the forefront in providing unique and impactful educational opportunities to trainees both regarding the COVID-19 pandemic as well as general gastroenterology and endoscopy. Local and regional GI societies are similarly addressing trainee member needs by offering new fellows'' series and sharing virtual educational opportunities across institutions. However, given the pandemic-associated limitation on endoscopy volume and trainee participation, this is a time for training programs to "rediscover" simulation. This has already occurred to an extent via global expansion of fellow networks through GI societies and shared web-based resources, providing trainees with a perspective on the global impact of this pandemic on training. • Societies work in concert with training programs to offer regional-based simulation opportunities (multiple institutions pooling resources) Virtual Learning abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016508520306041?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.012 id: cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author: Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-01 words: 1196.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt summary: title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study 5 Therefore, to address the effectiveness of early short-course corticosteroid/furosemide treatment in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patient, we designed a retrospective observational cohort study. In the corticosteroid/furosemide treatment group, incidence of invasive MV or death given once daily for up to ten days reduced 28-day mortality by one-third among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients and by one-fifth among patients treated with oxygen, while no benefit was observed in patients not receiving respiratory support at randomization. To conclude, our data provides evidence that early short-course of corticosteroids combined to furosemide reduces the risk of invasive MV requirement or 28-day mortality in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32888976/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.045 id: cord-279525-76iq0gcy author: Kewan, Tariq title: COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura date: 2020-08-12 words: 371.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279525-76iq0gcy.txt summary: title: COVID‐19 patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired disease characterized by thrombocytopenia secondary to autoantibodies against platelet antigens. We here report a case of ITP in a patient with COVID-19 Laboratory tests on admission showed a normal white cell count, hemoglobin (Hb) of 12.0 g/d, and platelet count (175 000/mm 3 ). On day 13, the patient''s oxygen requirements increased and he was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for monitoring. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors contributed to article revision and approved the submitted version. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Covid-19 COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia Hemostatic laboratory derangements in COVID-19 with a focus on platelet count Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia Practical guidance for the management of adults with Immune Thrombocytopenia during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32786138/ doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13303 id: cord-284038-93s3ffoy author: Keyhanian, Kiandokht title: SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation date: 2020-11-07 words: 11701.0 sentences: 592.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284038-93s3ffoy.txt summary: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence indicates that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neurological manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as skeletal muscles. Growing number of case reports and/or series indicate that a variety of neurological conditions and post-viral triggered autoimmune complications, as we discuss below, occur in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection which mainly include Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBSs) (table 2), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (table 2) , encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and myelitis (table 3) . Moreover, two cases of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in patients with COVID-19 positivity from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab, but without CSF PCR for SARS-CoV-2 data, were reported in the literature (Poyiadji, Shahin, 2020 , Radmanesh et al. abstract: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a growing body of evidence indicates that besides common COVID-19 symptoms, patients may develop various neurological manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as skeletal muscles. These manifestations can occur prior, during and even after the onset of COVID-19 general symptoms. In this Review, we discuss the possible neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying the nervous system and skeletal muscle involvement, and viral triggered neuroimmunological conditions associated with SARS-CoV-2, as well as therapeutic approaches that have been considered for these specific complications worldwide. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165572820306974?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436 id: cord-351740-779g8tr1 author: Khaba, Moshawa Calvin title: COVID-19 in an HIV-infected patient. Lessons learned from an autopsy case date: 2020-09-25 words: 1830.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351740-779g8tr1.txt summary: We report the first autopsy case of HIV-infected individual with COVID-19 as the cause of death. The first confirmed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was reported in China in December 2019. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript represents the first published report of an autopsy performed on an HIV infected patient with cause of death attributed to COVID-19. The final cause of death was SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in HIV infected patient. In accord to what is already published, the lung findings on the index patient showed early phase of diffuse alveolar damage with associated microthrombi which is seen in COVID-19. Whilst HIV infected people on treatment with normal CD4 count and low viral load may not be at a high risk of serious illness, the presence of other chronic conditions may increase their overall risk (7) The fact that SARS-CoV-2 can cause transient immune deficiency, it denotes that HIV and COVID-19 interaction may have adverse immunological and clinical outcomes. abstract: Despite measures put in places to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across South Africa, there has been a rapid spread which caused extensive morbidity and mortality. Whilst there is currently increased COVID-19 associated death, autopsies on COVID positive individuals are not routinely performed. An autopsy was performed on a 19 years old African patient who was recently diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He presented with clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 which subsequently tested positive for. Important histopathological findings included diffuse alveolar damage and fibrin thrombi. No superimposed infections were noted. The cause of death was attributed to COVID-19. We report the first autopsy case of HIV-infected individual with COVID-19 as the cause of death. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1435 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1435 id: cord-339637-hb6bsb6q author: Khader, Mohammed Abdul title: A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India date: 2020-08-18 words: 3801.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339637-hb6bsb6q.txt summary: A highly significant correlation (r = 0.89, p = 0.0145) was found between increasing age and reporting of higher BGLs. Conclusion: This study provides a firsthand evidence of major disruption in diabetes care activities during and after the lockdown phase in India and increased risk of poorer clinical outcomes, if infected by SARS-CoV-2. Inclusion criteria -People who are diagnosed with diabetes -Any gender -Age more than 18 years Exclusion criteria -Not able to provide informed consent for the study The questionnaire consisted of mainly 3 domains: A) socio-demographic details, e.g., subject''s age, gender, state, city, town, educational qualification, financial income; B) medical and social history, e.g., type of diabetes, comorbidities, smoking, and drinking habits; C) impact of COVID-19 outbreak on their medical and social life, e.g., frequency of clinic visits, changes in glycemic levels, digital glucometer at home, access to health care services, changes in the eating habits and physical activity, changes in drinking and smoking habits, online consultations, the reason for cancellation or postponement. abstract: Background and aims: Uncontrolled diabetes has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes in COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate and assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on management of diabetes and challenges faced by people with diabetes in India during and after the lockdown phase. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire survey was designed. The questions collected socio-demographic details, medical and social history, and impact of the pandemic on medical and social life from 1582 participants. Linear regression was employed to evaluate association of different parameters with the change in glycemic levels. Results: The frequency of clinical visits during the COVID-19 pandemic were reduced in 87.28% of participants. 92.45% of participants were able to monitor their blood glucose levels (BGLs) in which 78.42% (49.35%, 20.91%, and 8.16%) participants experienced an increase in BGL (mild, moderate, and severe respectively). Only 47.41% of participants possessed the digital glucometer at home. 69.07% of participants reported a decrease in physical activity while 46.88% reported an increase in food intake. 80.06% of participants were able to buy all medicines and 29.80% were gone for virtual consultations while 87.81% reported that they didn't have access to healthcare services. Overall, 89.47% participants experienced disruption in therapy. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.89, p = 0.0145) was found between increasing age and reporting of higher BGLs. Conclusion: This study provides a firsthand evidence of major disruption in diabetes care activities during and after the lockdown phase in India and increased risk of poorer clinical outcomes, if infected by SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120303143?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.011 id: cord-033882-uts6wfqw author: Khakharia, Aman title: Outbreak Prediction of COVID-19 for Dense and Populated Countries Using Machine Learning date: 2020-10-16 words: 5853.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033882-uts6wfqw.txt summary: The proposed prediction models forecast the count of new cases likely to arise for successive 5 days using 9 different machine learning algorithms. A set of models for predicting the rise in new cases, having an average accuracy of 87.9% ± 3.9% was developed for 10 high population and high density countries. The data on the spread of COVID-19 in the top 10 densely populated countries, viz., India, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Pakistan, China, Philippines, Germany, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were analyzed. The best outbreak prediction model was selected for each country depending on the accuracy values obtained decisions. Let us represent the Prediction plots for the number of COVID-19 patients that would rise in the next 5 days for some countries, where an exponential increase in the curve is expected or the rise in the cases would remain constant. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic persists to have a mortifying impact on the health and well-being of the global population. A continued rise in the number of patients testing positive for COVID-19 has created a lot of stress on governing bodies across the globe and they are finding it difficult to tackle the situation. We have developed an outbreak prediction system for COVID-19 for the top 10 highly and densely populated countries. The proposed prediction models forecast the count of new cases likely to arise for successive 5 days using 9 different machine learning algorithms. A set of models for predicting the rise in new cases, having an average accuracy of 87.9% ± 3.9% was developed for 10 high population and high density countries. The highest accuracy of 99.93% was achieved for Ethiopia using Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) averaged over the next 5 days. The proposed prediction models used by us can help stakeholders to be prepared in advance for any sudden rise in outbreak to ensure optimal management of available resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7567006/ doi: 10.1007/s40745-020-00314-9 id: cord-253862-jl1zhg13 author: Khalaf, Khalil title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment date: 2020-10-06 words: 14595.0 sentences: 760.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt summary: Although this novel virus is less severe than the first SARS-CoV outbreak, human-to-human transmission remains very high and the number of cases continues to rise exponentially in major urban areas, highlighting the urgent need to develop new containment, diagnostic, and treatment protocols. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, viral evasion of the innate immune system leads to an increase in cytokine production and late CD4+/CD8+ response, which then leads to pathogenic inflammation in patients with high viral loads. (ChiCTR2000029308), involving severe SARS-CoV-2 cases, compared lopinavir/ritonavir treatment with standard care alone, and they showed that the antivirals yielded no clinical benefits. In an open-label control study conducted by Cai et al., the antiviral activity of favipiravir + IFN-α was compared to that of lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-α in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 has brought the world to a standstill. While less pathogenic than the 2002–2003 SARS-CoV, this novel betacoronavirus presents a global threat due to its high transmission rate, ability to invade multiple tissues, and ability to trigger immunological hyperactivation. The identification of the animal reservoir and intermediate host were important steps toward slowing the spread of disease, and its genetic similarity to SARS-CoV has helped to determine pathogenesis and direct treatment strategies. The exponential increase in cases has necessitated fast and reliable testing procedures. Although RT-PCR remains the gold standard, it is a time-consuming procedure, paving the way for newer techniques such as serologic tests and enzyme immunoassays. Various clinical trials using broad antiviral agents in addition to novel medications have produced controversial results; however, the advancement of immunotherapy, particularly monoclonal antibodies and immune modulators is showing great promise in clinical trials. Non-orthodox medications such as anti-malarials have been tested in multiple institutions but definitive conclusions are yet to be made. Adjuvant therapies have also proven to be effective in decreasing mortality in the disease course. While no formal guidelines have been established, the multitude of ongoing clinical trials as a result of unprecedented access to research data brings us closer to halting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.570927 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570927 id: cord-035269-60im90ab author: Khalaf, Ola Osama title: Coping with depression and anxiety in Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 words: 2433.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035269-60im90ab.txt summary: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, stress, and coping among a sample of Egyptian physicians using an electronic survey. It included demographic data; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21); and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The BRCS score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p = 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007 respectively). The questionnaire included demographic data; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) [12] ; and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) [17] . The Brief Resilient Coping Scale score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p = 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007, respectively) ( Table 5 ). Therefore, we can conclude that the psychological wellbeing of the studied Egyptian physicians in this sample is affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic suffering from depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency with a negative impact on mental health. Healthcare workers are one of the most vulnerable groups to psychological stress in pandemics especially COVID-19. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed depression, stress, and coping among a sample of Egyptian physicians using an electronic survey. It included demographic data; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21); and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). RESULTS: We found that the majority of the sample were females (61.2%), in medical specialties (51.2%), and living with vulnerable family members (92.4 %). The majority (63%) suffered from severe or extremely severe depression, 77.6% had extremely severe anxiety, and 72% suffered from stress. BRCS showed that only 17.1% had high resilient coping. Female physicians had significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores of DASS than male physicians (p = 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). The anxiety scale was significantly higher in those with chronic diseases (p = 0.040) while the stress scale was lower significantly in those with higher academic degree (p = 0.034). Age had a significantly negative correlation with DASS anxiety (p = 0.031) and stress scores (p = 0.037). The BRCS score had a significantly negative correlation with the depression, anxiety, and stress scales of DASS (p = 0.018, 0.014, and 0.007 respectively). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the psychological well-being of the studied Egyptian physicians. Prophylactic measures should be implemented to avoid development of psychiatric symptoms in physicians. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656200/ doi: 10.1186/s43045-020-00070-9 id: cord-258344-55n3wwle author: Khalafallah, Adham M. title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience” date: 2020-08-08 words: 389.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258344-55n3wwle.txt summary: title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience" The authors thank Dr. Venkataram and colleagues for their thoughtful and thorough 1 analysis of our recent study "Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: 2 The Johns Hopkins Experience." 1 As stated in our paper, we believe that publishing the unique 3 experiences of different academic medical centers during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential in 4 clarifying the many challenges facing both American neurosurgery as well as neurosurgery 5 across the world, and we also believe sharing such information is important for establishing a 6 consensus regarding best practices as the situation continues to evolve. Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Neurosurgery Department: The Johns Hopkins Experience Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.033 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.033 id: cord-306008-kh4y44uy author: Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman title: Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards date: 2020-05-07 words: 3195.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306008-kh4y44uy.txt summary: Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, 1,2 Robert G Cumming, 1,2 Cyrille Delpierre, 3, 4 Michelle Kelly-Irving 3,4,5 ABSTRACT Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is widely associated with disease and mortality, and there is no reason to think this will not be the case for the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached a pandemic level. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. We identified published studies through a rapid review of PubMed from inception to 03 April 2020, with the following search terms: (''COVID-19'', ''SARS-CoV-2'') and (''characteristic'', ''risk factors'', ''socio'', ''socioeconomic'', ''occupation'', ''education'', ''income'', ''wealth''). abstract: Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is widely associated with disease and mortality, and there is no reason to think this will not be the case for the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached a pandemic level. Individuals with a more disadvantaged SEP are more likely to be affected by most of the known risk factors of COVID-19. SEP has been previously established as a potential determinant of infectious diseases in general. We hypothesise that SEP plays an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic either directly or indirectly via occupation, living conditions, health-related behaviours, presence of comorbidities and immune functioning. However, the influence of socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 transmission, severity and outcomes is not yet known and is subject to scrutiny and investigation. Here we briefly review the extent to which SEP has been considered as one of the potential risk factors of COVID-19. From 29 eligible studies that reported the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and their potential risk factors, only one study reported the occupational position of patients with mild or severe disease. This brief overview of the literature highlights that important socioeconomic characteristics are being overlooked when data are collected. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. A systematic recording of socioeconomic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 will be beneficial to identify most vulnerable groups, to identify how SEP relates to COVID-19 and to develop equitable public health prevention measures, guidelines and interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214297 doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-214297 id: cord-304328-6lwhuido author: Khaled, Arwa title: The Knowledge and Attitude of the Community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, Toward COVID-19 and Their Precautionary Measures Against the Disease date: 2020-09-30 words: 3834.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304328-6lwhuido.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that residents of the Aseer Region have high knowledge of, demonstrate a positive attitude toward, and use appropriate precautionary measures against COVID-19, which is associated with obtaining information about the virus from the Ministry of Health website. This cross-sectional online study was designed to assess the level of knowledge and overall attitude of the community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. In summary, this study confirms that residents of the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, have good knowledge of, demonstrate a positive attitude toward, and use appropriate precautionary measures against COVID-19, which is associated with obtaining information about the virus from the MOH website. abstract: BACKGROUND: Community adherence to current control measures is one of the vital factors that determines the success of controlling the spread of COVID-19. This adherence depends on the knowledge and attitude of a community toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the community from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, toward COVID-19 and their precautionary measures against the disease. METHODS: The descriptive cross-sectional study involved an online sample of participants from the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, who were recruited based on a nonprobability convenience sampling method from April to May 2020. The self-administered online questionnaire comprised four parts: the first included the demographic details of the participants; the second consisted of 11 closed-ended questions that assessed the participants’ knowledge of COVID-19; the third contained six closed-ended questions that assessed the participants’ overall attitude toward COVID-19; and the fourth comprised six closed-ended questions on the participants’ precautionary measures against COVID-19. The data were analyzed using Statistisoftware SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: Altogether, 740 participants completed the online questionnaire. The mean knowledge score concerning COVID-19 was 8.08 ± 1.765. Graduate participants scored significantly higher for all knowledge items than those from other educational levels. Furthermore, the main source of COVID-19 information was the Ministry of Health website 661 (89.3%). The mean attitude score regarding COVID-19 was 9.74 ± 1.935, whereas the mean precautionary measures score was 10.09 ± 1.91. University-educated participants scored significantly higher for all knowledge items than those from other educational levels. Female participants had significantly higher precautionary measures scores than male participants. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that residents of the Aseer Region have high knowledge of, demonstrate a positive attitude toward, and use appropriate precautionary measures against COVID-19, which is associated with obtaining information about the virus from the Ministry of Health website. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s271899 doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s271899 id: cord-301828-qux5hvcw author: Khalifa, Ibrahim title: Tannins inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 through binding with catalytic dyad residues of 3CL(pro): An in silico approach with 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins date: 2020-08-11 words: 2519.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301828-qux5hvcw.txt summary: We therefore theoretically studied and docked the effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on SARS‐CoV‐2 by assembling with the catalytic dyad residues of its 3CL(pro) using molecular operating environment (MOE 09). Likewise, tannin-type compounds, such as epiacutissimins A and B, castalin, vescalin, chebulagic acid, and punicalagin showed anti-herpesvirus activity via targeting viral glycoprotein-glycosaminoglycan binding to inhibit access and cell-to-cell feast (Lin et al., 2011; Aires, 2020 The current study was designed to find out a potent inhibitor against COVID-19 from 19 structural different hydrolysable tannins which could target the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approaches (molecular docking and drug-likeness scan). Among these hydrolysable tannins, pedunculagin, strongly interacted with the catalytic dyad residues (Cys-145 and His-41) of SARS-CoV-2-3CL pro , with sense binding affinity, docking score, and ADMET properties. Herein, we screened the structural relationship activity of 19 hydrolysable tannins as potential antiviral components and we chose the top three hits that may inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and hence virus copying. abstract: Coronavirus epidemic 2019 (COVID‐19), instigated by SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, is recently raising worldwide and inspiring global health worries. The main 3‐chymotrypsin‐like cysteine protease (3CL(Pro)) enzyme of SARS‐CoV‐2, which operates its replication, could be used as a medication discovery point. We therefore theoretically studied and docked the effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on SARS‐CoV‐2 by assembling with the catalytic dyad residues of its 3CL(pro) using molecular operating environment (MOE 09). Results discovered that pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin intensely interacted with the receptor binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of SARS‐CoV‐2. Our analyses estimated that the top three hits might serve as potential inhibitor of SARS‐CoV‐2 leading molecules for additional optimization and drug development process to combat COVID‐19. This study unleashed that tannins with specific structure could be utilized as natural inhibitors against COVID‐19. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The 3CL(Pro) controls SARS‐CoV‐2 copying and manages its life series, which was targeted in case of SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV coronavirus. About 19 hydrolysable tannins were computed against 3CL(pro) of SARS‐CoV‐2. Pedunculagin, tercatain, and castalin interacted with Cys145 and His41 of SARS‐CoV‐2‐3CL(pro). Pedunculagin‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐3CL(pro) remain stable, with no obvious fluctuations. We predicted that the understandings gained in the current research may evidence valued for discovering and unindustrialized innovative natural inhibitors for COVID‐19 in the nearby future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32783247/ doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13432 id: cord-274459-781by93r author: Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 5466.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt summary: Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . abstract: Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165813 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165813 id: cord-252725-e3pazjdi author: Khalil, Ayman title: The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal date: 2020-10-15 words: 8759.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt summary: In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Actually, data indicated that activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor (NF-κB) signaling pathway represents a major contribution to the inflammation induced post SARS-CoV infection and that NF-κB inhibitors are promising antiviral drugs against infections caused by the virus and potentially other pathogenic human coronaviruses [8] . Moreover, it was found to reduce the reactive oxygenated species (ROS) produced during viral infection and subsequently decrease pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 [25] and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [35] , indicating that it has clear antiviral effects on several respiratory and common cold viruses through its ability to reduce virus imputation, replication and viral load in vitro, as well as lung inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness in vivo [29] . abstract: Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds, which exert countless pharmacological, biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Their role in traditional medicine, such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil), has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections. This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19, and other viral infectious diseases. In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Thus, polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID‐19 and other rigorous diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z doi: 10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z id: cord-301297-vgijyani author: Khalili, Mohammad Reza title: Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-10 words: 755.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301297-vgijyani.txt summary: title: Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic We recently witnessed a significant increase in the number of patients referring to our eye emergency department in Khalili Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars province, Iran, with methanol-induced optic neuropathy. From about 300 patients with methanol poisoning that were referred or consulted to us, 108 cases of methanolinduced optic neuropathy were diagnosed in our eye emergency department (unpublished data) in only 2 weeks'' time. This incidence is far higher than the total number of patients that have been referred to our center and were diagnosed as methanol-induced optic neuropathy within the last 15 years. Based on the information obtained from the patients, there were several factors that have led to the methanol poisoning and methanol-induced optic neuropathy outbreak. All these together resulted in an outbreak in methanol-induced optic neuropathy amid COVID-19 pandemic with catastrophic consequences to patients'' visual function that ultimately resulted in permanent visual impairment in many patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32910310/ doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04918-y id: cord-323020-9v44cg3b author: Khaliq, Maria title: An Analysis of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients in Pakistan date: 2020-07-24 words: 2645.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323020-9v44cg3b.txt summary: Objective The objective of the present study is to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presenting to a tertiary healthcare facility in Punjab, Pakistan, and to analyze the distribution of the disease in lung fields. Each study was evaluated for the presence of ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, mixed pattern, distribution, crazy paving, reverse halo sign, nodules, pleural effusion, and other findings. Typical imaging features of COVID-19 on CT chest include ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with bilateral and multilobe involvement and basal and peripheral predominance [5] . In this study, we describe the typical imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT chest in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Punjab, Pakistan, and analyze the distribution of the disease in lung fields. The present study showed that the predominant pulmonary parenchymal pattern for this disease is ground-glass haze/opacity followed by consolidation, as seen in 88.5 and 52.8% of patients respectively. abstract: Objective The objective of the present study is to describe high-resolution CT (HRCT) chest manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presenting to a tertiary healthcare facility in Punjab, Pakistan, and to analyze the distribution of the disease in lung fields. Additionally, we assess the role of chest CT severity scoring (CT-SS) in determining the severity of pneumonia. Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from March 30, 2020, to May 30, 2020, 87 confirmed COVID-19 patients undergoing HRCT scan in a tertiary care facility in Punjab, Pakistan were included. The HRCT chest was performed on the patients using a standard protocol. Each study was evaluated for the presence of ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, mixed pattern, distribution, crazy paving, reverse halo sign, nodules, pleural effusion, and other findings. Additionally, CT-SS was calculated by dividing each lung into 20 zones. Each zone was scored as 0, 1, and 2, representing no involvement, <50% involvement, and >50% involvement of one zone respectively (total score: 0-40 for each patient). The patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe cases (mild: CT-SS of <20, moderate: CT-SS of 20-30, and severe: CT-SS of >30). Results GGO was the most common finding, as seen in 88.5% of the patients, followed by consolidations (52.8%) and crazy paving (33.3%). The majority of the patients showed the bilateral and peripheral distribution of the disease process. Vascular dilatation and bronchiectasis were seen in 10 patients; pleural effusions were observed in only two study patients, while no patient exhibited reverse halo sign or pulmonary nodules. The superior segment of lower lobes was the most commonly involved segment bilaterally. According to CT-SS, 78 (89.6%), six (6.9%), and three (3.45%) patients had mild, moderate, and severe disease respectively. Conclusion The typical imaging findings of COVID-19 on HRCT are GGOs with multilobe involvement and bilateral, peripheral, and basal predominance. CT-SS is helpful in categorizing pneumonia into mild, moderate, and severe types, thereby helping to identify patients with severe disease. This is particularly helpful in settings where fast triage is required. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9373 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9373 id: cord-321412-6g3obmzc author: Khamis, Faryal title: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Adults with Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-23 words: 3142.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321412-6g3obmzc.txt summary: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed on patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed or imminent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or severe pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The use of TPE in severe COVID-19 patients has been associated with improved outcomes, however, randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to draw final conclusive findings. TPE was given after 7 and up to 14 days of illness to adult patients, 18 years of age, with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 disease who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed or imminent respiratory failure and any one of the following conditions (ARDS Definition Task Force, 2012): The study enrolled a total of 31 COVID-19 patients fulfilling the WHO case definition (WHO Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, 25 January 2020, 2020) with an overall mean age of 51  15 years (range: 27-76 years) and 90% (n = 28) were males. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the therapeutic use of plasma exchange in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. METHODS: Case series of critically ill adult men and non-pregnant women, ≥18 years of age, with laboratory confirmed COVID-19, was conducted at the Royal Hospital, Oman, from April 17(th) to May 11(th), 2020. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed on patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed or imminent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or severe pneumonia. Analysis was performed using univariate statistics. RESULTS: A total of 31 COVID-19 patients were included with an overall mean age of 51 ± 15 years (range: 27-76 years), 90% (n = 28) were males, and 35% (n = 11) of the patients had TPE as a mode of treatment. The TPE group was associated with higher extubation rates than the non-TPE cohort (73% versus 20%; p = 0.018). Additionally, patients on TPE had a lower 14 days (0 versus 35%; p = 0.033) and 28 days (0 versus 35%; p = 0.033) all-cause mortality compared to patients not on TPE. However, all-cause mortality was only marginally lower in the TPE group compared to the non-TPE group (9.1% versus 45%; p = 0.055; power = 66%). Laboratory and ventilatory parameters also improved with the TPE. CONCLUSIONS: The use of TPE in severe COVID-19 patients has been associated with improved outcomes, however, randomized controlled clinical trials are warranted to draw final conclusive findings. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220304999?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.064 id: cord-273741-ipnt6g0i author: Khan, Adeel A title: Fluid Replacement Versus Fluid Restriction in COVID-19 Associated Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 words: 1186.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273741-ipnt6g0i.txt summary: Literature describes syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) as the mechanism of hyponatremia in COVID-19 requiring fluid restriction for management. We present a case of hypovolemic hyponatremia in a patient with COVID-19, which unlike SIADH, required fluid replacement early in the disease course for its correction. Hypovolemic hyponatremia should be distinguished from SIADH as these conditions employ different management strategies, and early diagnosis and management of hypovolemic hyponatremia affects morbidity and mortality. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been recently reported to manifest as hyponatremia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH ) [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . With the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a possibility of hypovolemic hyponatremia secondary to GI loss [7] . An early clinical judgement should consider the volume status of the COVID-19 patients with hyponatremia to decide between fluid restriction and isotonic fluid replacement. abstract: Hyponatremia is one of the most frequently observed electrolyte abnormalities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Literature describes syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) as the mechanism of hyponatremia in COVID-19 requiring fluid restriction for management. However, it is important to rule out other etiologies of hyponatremia in such cases keeping in mind the effect of an alternate etiology on patient management and outcome. We present a case of hypovolemic hyponatremia in a patient with COVID-19, which unlike SIADH, required fluid replacement early in the disease course for its correction. A 52-year-old Filipino gentleman presented with a three-week history of diarrhea and symptomatic hyponatremia. There was no history of fever or respiratory symptoms. Physical examination revealed a dehydrated and confused middle-aged gentleman. Labs revealed lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and severe hyponatremia (108 mmol/L). Blood cultures and stool workup were negative. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nasopharyngeal swab was positive. Hyponatremia workup excluded SIADH. The patient had hypovolemic hyponatremia due to gastrointestinal (GI) losses and was managed with saline infusion for correction of hyponatremia with improvement in his clinical status. Hyponatremia in COVID-19 is not only secondary to SIADH but can also be due to other etiologies. Hypovolemic hyponatremia should be distinguished from SIADH as these conditions employ different management strategies, and early diagnosis and management of hypovolemic hyponatremia affects morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32782878/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9059 id: cord-300991-ipy24zxp author: Khan, Amira Sayed title: Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception date: 2020-07-08 words: 5971.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300991-ipy24zxp.txt summary: Through a recent upsurge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the clinical assessment of most of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients clearly presents a health condition with the loss of oro-naso-sensory (ONS) perception, responsible for the detection of flavor and savor. Hence, obesity represents a great risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it may hide the viral-associated altered ONS symptoms, thus leading to a high mortality rate in these subjects. Moreover, the number of immunosuppressive T-regulatory, Treg (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + ) cells and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were upregulated in patients with severe COVID-19 [18] , suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to "over-immunosuppression" in the case of obesity ( Figure 1 ). SARS-CoV-2 infection may further aggravate the ONS functions; mask the obesity-induced inflammation, including loss of taste and smell; and render the obese subjects more vulnerable and prone to severe pathophysiological consequences such as RTI, leading to death. abstract: Through a recent upsurge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the clinical assessment of most of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients clearly presents a health condition with the loss of oro-naso-sensory (ONS) perception, responsible for the detection of flavor and savor. These changes include anosmia and dysgeusia. In some cases, these clinical manifestations appear even before the general flu-like symptoms, e.g., sore throat, thoracic oppression and fever. There is no direct report available on the loss of these chemical senses in obese COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, obesity has been shown to be associated with low ONS cues. These alterations in obese subjects are due to obesity-induced altered expression of olfacto-taste receptors. Besides, obesity may further aggravate the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as this pathology is associated with a high degree of inflammation/immunosuppression and reduced protection against viral infections. Hence, obesity represents a great risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it may hide the viral-associated altered ONS symptoms, thus leading to a high mortality rate in these subjects. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072158 doi: 10.3390/jcm9072158 id: cord-323898-054gv684 author: Khan, Anas A. title: Survival and Estimation of Direct Medical Costs of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Short Title: COVID-19 Survival and Cost in Saudi Arabia) date: 2020-10-13 words: 3345.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323898-054gv684.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323898-054gv684.txt summary: Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This high reported rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 cases may exacerbate the cost burden of viral respiratory infections in a country that was deeply affected by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and resulted in a huge financial burden with an estimated direct medical cost per patient of SAR 48,551.36 (United States dollars (USD) 12,947.03) [13] . In light of the high rate of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia, there is a need to identify different sociodemographic (e.g., age, sex) and medical (e.g., mechanical ventilator (MMV) use, ICU admission) status that might increase mortality risk. abstract: Objectives: Assess the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients across age groups, sex, use of mechanical ventilators (MVs), nationality, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) between 1 March and 29 May 2020. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to assess the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from hospital admission to discharge (censored) or death. Micro-costing was used to estimate the direct medical costs associated with hospitalization per patient. Results: The number of included patients with complete status (discharge or death) was 1422. The overall 14-day survival was 0.699 (95%CI: 0.652–0.741). Older adults (>70 years) (HR = 5.00, 95%CI = 2.83–8.91), patients on MVs (5.39, 3.83–7.64), non-Saudi patients (1.37, 1.01–1.89), and ICU admission (2.09, 1.49–2.93) were associated with a high risk of mortality. The mean cost per patient (in SAR) for those admitted to the general Medical Ward (GMW) and ICU was 42,704.49 ± 29,811.25 and 79,418.30 ± 55,647.69, respectively. Conclusion: The high hospitalization costs for COVID-19 patients represents is a significant public health challenge. Efficient allocation of healthcare resources cannot be emphasized enough. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207458 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207458 id: cord-254124-4p1ah2h3 author: Khan, Asif Iqbal title: CoroNet: A Deep Neural Network for Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-06-05 words: 2588.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254124-4p1ah2h3.txt summary: The limited quantity of testing kits and increasing number of daily cases encouraged us to come up with a Deep Learning model that can aid radiologists and clinicians in detecting COVID-19 cases using chest X-rays. METHODS: In this study, we propose CoroNet, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network model to automatically detect COVID-19 infection from chest X-ray images. The proposed model is based on Xception architecture pre-trained on ImageNet dataset and trained end-to-end on a dataset prepared by collecting COVID-19 and other chest pneumonia X-ray images from two different publically available databases. RESULTS: CoroNet has been trained and tested on the prepared dataset and the experimental results show that our proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 89.6%, and more importantly the precision and recall rate for COVID-19 cases are 93% and 98.2% for 4-class cases (COVID vs Pneumonia bacterial vs pneumonia viral vs normal). abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The novel Coronavirus also called COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread across the world. It has so far infected around 1.8 million people and claimed approximately 114698 lives overall. As the number of cases are rapidly increasing, most of the countries are facing shortage of testing kits and resources. The limited quantity of testing kits and increasing number of daily cases encouraged us to come up with a Deep Learning model that can aid radiologists and clinicians in detecting COVID-19 cases using chest X-rays. METHODS: In this study, we propose CoroNet, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network model to automatically detect COVID-19 infection from chest X-ray images. The proposed model is based on Xception architecture pre-trained on ImageNet dataset and trained end-to-end on a dataset prepared by collecting COVID-19 and other chest pneumonia X-ray images from two different publically available databases. RESULTS: CoroNet has been trained and tested on the prepared dataset and the experimental results show that our proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 89.6%, and more importantly the precision and recall rate for COVID-19 cases are 93% and 98.2% for 4-class cases (COVID vs Pneumonia bacterial vs pneumonia viral vs normal). For 3-class classification (COVID vs Pneumonia vs normal), the proposed model produced a classification accuracy of 95%. The preliminary results of this study look promising which can be further improved as more training data becomes available. CONCLUSION: CoroNet achieved promising results on a small prepared dataset which indicates that given more data, the proposed model can achieve better results with minimum pre-processing of data. Overall, the proposed model substantially advances the current radiology based methodology and during COVID-19 pandemic, it can be very helpful tool for clinical practitioners and radiologists to aid them in diagnosis, quantification and follow-up of COVID-19 cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105581 doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105581 id: cord-283900-4pa93xqi author: Khan, M. Ali title: Perceptions of Occupational Risk and Changes in Clinical Practice of U.S. Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellows during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-22 words: 2491.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283900-4pa93xqi.txt summary: Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Survey questions assessed training program environment, policies guiding 106 COVID-19 response, changes in fellow duties and clinical volume, and methods to reduce 107 occupational risk including availability of PPE. Discussion of data regarding differential reduction of SARS-CoV-2 or other coronavirus 307 transmission with surgical or N95 respirator masks is outside the scope of this study assessing ophthalmology trainee perceptions of occupational risk. This study reports 323 occupational risk perceptions, currently utilized risk mitigation strategies, and surgical volume 324 training concerns for second year US vitreoretinal surgery fellows mid-pandemic escalation. abstract: Abstract Purpose To assess perceptions of occupational risk and changes to clinical practice of ophthalmology trainees in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design An anonymous, non-validated, cross-sectional survey was conducted online. Data was collected from April 7-16, 2020. Participants 2019-2020 second year U.S. vitreoretinal surgery fellows in two-year vitreoretinal surgery training programs were invited to participate. Intervention Online survey. Main outcome measures Survey questions assessed policies guiding COVID-19 response, known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2, changes in clinical duties and volume, and methods to reduce occupational risk including availability of personal protective equipment. Results Completed responses were obtained from 62 of 87 eligible recipients (71.2% response rate). Training settings included academic (58.1%), hybrid academic/private practice (35.5%), and private practice only settings (6.5%). Overall, 19.4% of respondents reported an exposure to a COVID-19 positive patient, 14.5% reported self-quarantining due to possible exposure, and 11.3% reported being tested for COVID-19. In regards to PPE, N95 masks were available in the emergency room (n=40, 64.5%), office (n=35, 56.5%), and operating room settings (n=35, 56.5%). Perceived comfort level with PPE recommendations was significantly associated with availability of an N95 respirator mask in the clinic (p<0.001), emergency room (p<0.001) or operating room (p=0.002) settings. Additional risk mitigation methods outside of PPE were: reduction in patient volume (n=62, 100%), limiting patient companions (n=59, 95.2%), use of a screening process (n=59, 95.2%), use of a slit lamp face shield (n=57, 91.9%), temperature screening of all persons entering clinical space (n=34, 54.84%), and placement of face mask on patients (n=33, 53.2%). Overall, 16.1% reported additional clinical duties within the scope of ophthalmology, and 3.2% reported being re-deployed to non-ophthalmology services. 98.4% of respondents expected a reduction in surgical case volume. No respondents reported loss of employment or reduction in pay or benefits due to COVID-19. Conclusion and Relevance: Suspected or confirmed clinical exposure to COVID-19 positive patients occurred in approximately one-fifth of trainee respondents. Perceived comfort level with PPE standards was significantly associated with N95 respirator mask availability. As surgical training programs grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, analysis of trainees’ concerns may inform development of mitigation strategies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468653020302037?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.05.011 id: cord-321718-nzxvbj8b author: Khan, Moien AB. title: “Covibesity,” a new pandemic date: 2020-07-21 words: 620.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321718-nzxvbj8b.txt summary: The COVID-19 lockdown produced behavioral, psychosocial and environmental changes 31 which, through a variety of mechanisms, has led to widespread rapid weight gain 32 amongst certain populations worldwide. The COVID-19 lockdown produced behavioral, psychosocial and environmental changes 31 which, through a variety of mechanisms, has led to widespread rapid weight gain 32 amongst certain populations worldwide. 33 There has been an increase in food shopping, food take ways and increase in alcohol Since declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, rapid global spread of 59 the disease has led to unprecedented measures. The early surge in cases threatened to 60 overwhelm medical services and led to more than 2.6 billion people going into lockdown 61 in order to ''flatten the curve'' of COVID. The impromptu nature of such 63 lockdown has triggered rapid weight gain, or covibesity. COVID 19 related home confinement in adults: weight gain 161 risks and opportunities abstract: The COVID-19 lockdown produced behavioral, psychosocial and environmental changes which, through a variety of mechanisms, has led to widespread rapid weight gain amongst certain populations worldwide. We have termed this phenomenon ‘covibesity’. There has been an increase in food shopping, food take ways and increase in alcohol sales. Furthermore, the combination of working from home, on-line education and social media usage have all caused screen time to surge. The food industry has intensified on-line advertising focused on children. A swift response is needed from all stakeholders to prevent covibesity becoming a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835125/ doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100282 id: cord-253345-r4dhmpq1 author: Khan, Muhammad Bilal title: A Systematic Review of Non-Contact Sensing for Developing a Platform to Contain COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 words: 8907.0 sentences: 543.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253345-r4dhmpq1.txt summary: This study proposes a non-contact sensing platform for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms and monitoring of the human activities and health during the isolation or quarantine period. (2) Propose a non-contact sensing platform for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms and the monitoring of human activities and health during the isolation or quarantine period. The rest of paper is organized as follows: Section 2 includes a literature review of the COVID-19 pandemic, the existing non-contact wireless sensing platforms and technology exploited, the monitoring of human activities and health, and the classification approach and accuracy achieved. A non-contact sensing method uses passive Doppler radar to capture human body movements to recognize respiration and other physical activities used for monitoring health. This research presents a comprehensive review on existing non-contact sensing of human activities and health monitoring that could be used for the development of a COVID-19 pandemic platform. abstract: The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, and its resulting situation has garnered much effort to contain the virus through scientific research. The tragedy has not yet fully run its course, but it is already clear that the crisis is thoroughly global, and science is at the forefront in the fight against the virus. This includes medical professionals trying to cure the sick at risk to their own health; public health management tracking the virus and guardedly calling on such measures as social distancing to curb its spread; and researchers now engaged in the development of diagnostics, monitoring methods, treatments and vaccines. Recent advances in non-contact sensing to improve health care is the motivation of this study in order to contribute to the containment of the COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this study is to articulate an innovative solution for early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms such as abnormal breathing rate, coughing and other vital health problems. To obtain an effective and feasible solution from existing platforms, this study identifies the existing methods used for human activity and health monitoring in a non-contact manner. This systematic review presents the data collection technology, data preprocessing, data preparation, features extraction, classification algorithms and performance achieved by the various non-contact sensing platforms. This study proposes a non-contact sensing platform for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 symptoms and monitoring of the human activities and health during the isolation or quarantine period. Finally, we highlight challenges in developing non-contact sensing platforms to effectively control the COVID-19 situation. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11100912 doi: 10.3390/mi11100912 id: cord-327032-4bet4e8l author: Khan, S. H. title: Delirium Incidence, Duration and Severity in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 3702.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327032-4bet4e8l.txt summary: Background Delirium incidence, duration and severity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 is not known. Therefore, we conducted this study at two large academic health systems in urban Midwest to measure incidence of delirium, delirium duration and delirium severity, and investigate risk factors associated with delirium in critically ill patients admitted with COVID-19. Patients who were discharged from the intensive care unit prior to 14 days did not have subsequent delirium or coma assessments performed outside the ICU. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 doi: medRxiv preprint cohort, hypoactive delirium occurred in 86.8% of patients on the first CAM-ICU assessment, and the median duration of hypoactive delirium was 4 days (IQR: 2-4). Delirium was defined as a positive CAM-ICU assessment in the patient medical record for up to 14 days during their ICU COVID-19 stay. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) abstract: Background Delirium incidence, duration and severity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 is not known. Methods We conducted an observational study at two large urban academic Level 1 trauma centers. Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test from March 1st, 2020 to April 27, 2020 were included. Individuals younger than 18 years of age, without any documented delirium assessments (CAM-ICU), or without a discharge disposition were excluded. The primary outcomes were delirium rates and delirium duration and the secondary outcome was delirium severity. Outcomes were assessed for up to the first 14 days of ICU stay. Results Of 243 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 144 met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Delirium occurred in 73.6% (106/144) and delirium or coma occurred in 76.4% (110/144). Sixty-three percent of patients were positive for delirium on the first CAM-ICU assessment. The median duration of delirium and coma was 7 days (IQR: 3-10), and the median delirium duration was 5 days (IQR: 2-7). The median CAM-ICU-7 score was 6 (IQR: 4-7) representing severe delirium. Mechanical ventilation was associated with greater odds of developing delirium (OR: 42.1, 95%CI: 13.0-137.1). Mortality was 26.4% in patients with delirium compared to 15.8% in patients without delirium. Conclusions 73.6% of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 experience delirium that persists for approximately 1 week. Invasive mechanical ventilation is significantly associated with odds of delirium. Clinical attention to prevent and manage delirium and reduce delirium duration and severity is urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20118679 id: cord-279395-qfb06csa author: Khan, Samea title: Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey date: 2020-04-10 words: 1950.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279395-qfb06csa.txt summary: In this cross‐sectional survey, a self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. [4] [5] [6] At present as the world health organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic, Pakistan is facing a critical situation and strict measures need to be taken to avert the threat of a national health crisis. The main aim of the present questionnaire-based analysis was to check the awareness level among the employees at educational institutes and the health care workers (HCWs) in various organizations across Pakistan. These include students and faculty (261) and HCWs (41) of which 32 physicians, 4 nurses and 5 laboratory staff in public and private sector educational and health institutes across Pakistan filled a questionnaire. HCWs (13.56%) of which 10.59% physicians, 1.32% nurses and 1.65% laboratory staff in public and private sector educational and health institutes across Pakistan submitted their responses to the questionnaire. abstract: COVID‐19 is a pandemic that began in China in December 2019. World health organization (WHO) has expressed fears that Pakistan might emerge as the next epicenter of this pandemic. We hypothesize that at present the Pakistani masses are not prepared to face any threat of a looming epidemic. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of educational and health care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID‐19, its control, and prevention. Knowledge about origin, symptoms, and spread of viral infection was assessed. In this cross‐sectional survey, a self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. Results were analyzed using the χ (2) test. Obtained results validate our null hypothesis that Pakistani masses are not well aware of the COVID‐19 and strategies for the prevention and control of infection. The study concluded that individuals belonging to the front‐line workers and high literacy groups are not prepared for the alarming situation in the country. Effectual implementation of infection control programs should be practiced, and it depends on awareness, training, and cooperation of individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25814 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25814 id: cord-281501-ca9oxl7f author: Khan, Shumayila title: Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-07-30 words: 3208.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281501-ca9oxl7f.txt summary: Emerging reports of encephalopathies and similar ailments with the detection of the virus in the CSF has elicited an urgent need for investigating the possibility of neuroinvasiveness of the virus, which cannot be ruled out given the expression of low levels of ACE2 receptors in the brain. One study from Japan which described the first case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis where the patient was admitted for convulsions accompanied by unconsciousness reported that although the patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab, the viral RNA was surprisingly detected in the CSF, and the patient MRI exhibited abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus (Moriguchi et al., 2020) . The preliminary reports which hint towards the involvement of the CNS imply an urgent need for more studies, and a systematic collection and preservation of CSF samples along with associated clinical data, at least in patients displaying extrapulmonary or neurological symptoms, to examine the neuronal aspect of COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged as a serious jolt to human life and economy. Initial knowledge established pulmonary complications as the chief symptom, however, the neurological aspect of the disease is also becoming increasingly evident. Emerging reports of encephalopathies and similar ailments with the detection of the virus in the CSF has elicited an urgent need for investigating the possibility of neuroinvasiveness of the virus, which cannot be ruled out given the expression of low levels of ACE2 receptors in the brain. Sensory impairments of the olfactory and gustatory systems have also been reported in a large proportion of the cases, indicating the involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Hence, the possibility of neurological damage caused by the virus demands immediate attention and investigation of the mechanisms involved, so as to customize the treatment of patients presenting with neurological complications. url: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.59136 doi: 10.7554/elife.59136 id: cord-254278-awdqguoo author: Khan, Suliman title: Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women date: 2020-04-08 words: 775.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254278-awdqguoo.txt summary: title: Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women Several studies 6 focusing on infected patients from the general population have been reported, however, limited 7 information is available in the aspects of pregnancy outcomes of COVID-19 infected women. 15 We conducted a case series study on pregnant women (n =17) infected with COVID-19 16 admitted to Hubei general hospital (Renmin Hospital) from Jan 25 to Feb 15, 2020. To 20 assess the neonatal infection with COVID-19, cord blood and neonatal throat swab samples were 21 collected immediately after delivery in the operating room and were tested by using quantitative 22 RT-PCR. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for the current 24 outbreak of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and a thorough search for the impact of 25 SARS-CoV pregnancy outcomes. Based on our findings in these seventeen patients, we suggest that COVID-19 infection 12 may lead to the occurrence of neonatal pneumonia and preterm delivery. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20301804?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.034 id: cord-276769-th7iou21 author: Khan, Suliman title: Coronaviruses disease 2019 (COVID-19): causative agent, mental health concerns, and potential management options date: 2020-07-25 words: 3375.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276769-th7iou21.txt summary: Despite physical health consequences, COVID-19 pandemic has created stress and anxiety, as result there is an increased risk of mental illnesses both in the infected and normal individuals. Although bats are thought to be the source of origin for SARS-CoV-2, the intermediate animal that caused the transmission of virus to humans, is still unknown [3] . The individuals at higher risk of developing severe disease after contracting the infection should be give the priority for treatment and providing the mangeemtn and health servicesConsidering the importance of COVID-19 in the aspects of the asymptomatic spread of the virus and adverse health impacts, it is deemed necessary to investigate the factors associated with the rate of infectiousness and severity of symptoms. After originating in bats, SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, spread all over the world through human to human transmission, and infected millions of individuals. abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started from Wuhan, China has infected more than 6.7 million individuals and killed more than 3,90000 individuals globally. Due to the higher transmissibility and infectiousness, asymptomatic infection, and lack of effective treatment options and vaccine, fatalities and morbidities are increasing day by day globally. Despite physical health consequences, COVID-19 pandemic has created stress and anxiety, as result there is an increased risk of mental illnesses both in the infected and normal individuals. To eradicate these risks, it is necessary to determine the COVID-19 zoonotic source of transmission to humans and clinical manifestations in infected individuals. Although, identification or development of the highly effective therapeutic agents is necessary, however, development of protective strategies against the COVID-19 by enhancing immune responses will be an asset in the current scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we discuss the transmission, health consequences, and potential management (therapeutic and preventive) options for COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32741731/ doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.010 id: cord-279443-2e4gz2bo author: Khan, Suliman title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns date: 2020-06-09 words: 4939.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt summary: To identify and select the papers in this review we searched the published research and review articles relevant to origin and outbreaks of three human coronaviruses, and features, transmission, spread, entry mechanisms, infectiousness, control strategies, and animals hosts for SARS-CoV-2. Although it is important to know about the symptoms'' appearance and severity, however, understanding the transmission of the infection to healthy individuals from COVID-19 patients and zoonotic sources can be of great importance in the aspects of developing strategies to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. This outbreak was reported to be caused by SARS-CoV, originated from market civets before its transmission and infection in humans (17) . Early claims came FIGURE 2 | The SARS-CoV-2 transmission from bats via unknown intermediate to humans causes infectiousness known as COVID-19 disease. According to the CDC report on coronavirus disease, individuals with underlying chronic medical conditions are at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 infection. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading across the world to cause thousands of mortalities each day. Poor responses from the authorities to the spread of infection, lack of effective measures for prevention, unavailability of promising treatment options, and sufficient diagnostic options have created an alarming for the world. The transmission routes from human to human of SARS-CoV-2 can be the direct transmission, droplet inhalation transmission, contact transmission, transmission through saliva, and transmission via fecal–oral routes. Due to the asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2's, developing control and prevention measures is challenging. Implementing proper strategies addressing the infection control and clinical supplies, understanding the mechanism associated with pathogenesis, advancing in preventive measures and effective treatment and diagnostic options are necessary to control the ongoing pandemic. In this article, we briefly discuss the features, entry mechanism, infectiousness, and health consequences related to the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00310 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00310 id: cord-296363-qgoxlqoq author: Khan, Yusra Habib title: Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives date: 2020-06-22 words: 1533.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296363-qgoxlqoq.txt summary: We believe that ethical and responsible behavior of mass media, a careful advisory from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, stern measures from healthcare authorities, effective maneuvers to increase public awareness on COVID-19, vigorous analysis of information by data or communications scientists, and publication of counter opinions from health professionals against such theories will go a long way in neutralizing such misleading claims. Of these, alleged poor quality of vaccines, questioning of dosing recommendations, religious prohibitions ("infidel vaccine"), and rumors related to the presence of active virus in the vaccines are some leading claims obstructing the anti-polio campaign in the country. 1 Unfortunately, a conspiracy theory against COVID-19 vaccine is currently being spread in Pakistan. A similar approach was adopted by the country when the polio vaccine campaign was hindered by a conspiracy theory claiming that these vaccines were monkey-or pig-derived products, which are forbidden in Islam. abstract: Immediately after declaring COVID-19 as a pandemic, numerous wild conspiracy theories sprouted through social media. Pakistan is quite vulnerable to such conspiracy narratives and has experienced failures of polio vaccination programs because of such claims. Recently, two well-known political figures raised conspiracy theories against COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan, stating that COVID-19 is a grand illusion and a conspiracy against Muslim countries. This theory is much discussed in the local community, supporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We urge healthcare authorities in Pakistan to take necessary measures against such claims before they penetrate to the general community. Anti-vaccine movements could undermine efforts to end the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that ethical and responsible behavior of mass media, a careful advisory from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, stern measures from healthcare authorities, effective maneuvers to increase public awareness on COVID-19, vigorous analysis of information by data or communications scientists, and publication of counter opinions from health professionals against such theories will go a long way in neutralizing such misleading claims. Because Pakistan is experiencing a large burden of disease, with a sharp rise in confirmed cases, immediate action is of paramount importance to eradicate any potential barriers to a future COVID-19 vaccination program. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654 id: cord-259181-g47n97tc author: Khan, Zahid Hussain title: Tests with proven value in diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 1127.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259181-g47n97tc.txt summary: At times chest CT-Scan is used as an important compliment to the rRT-PCR test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 because it has a higher Se reaching up to 97% (4) . Other than the chest CT-Scan, the currently available diagnostic tests for the coronavirus disease have a low positive predictive value for the disease because of a low Se and moderate Sp. Thus, we are witnessing a large number of false positives or else would be missing too many true positives. Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: COVID-19 has literally ravaged the entire world. People from all walks of life are badly affected because of compulsory lockdown around the world. Timely diagnosis is a problem as there is no single test that can achieve the highest acceptable sensitivity. Some of the tests are indeed costly and footing the bill by the governments can cause a tremendous load on the Treasury. As it stands, the current tests are beyond patient means and, thus, the patient would never have it performed. Lastly, there is no consensus as to whether everyone should be tested for COVID-19 and not based on presence of clinical features. Unfortunately, since the disease has been declared a pandemic, all should be considered to be infected unless provenother-wise by the tests that are performed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685124/ doi: nan id: cord-309138-44qpk2vf author: Khanna, Kanika title: Herbal Immune-boosters: Substantial Warriors of Pandemic Covid-19 Battle date: 2020-10-03 words: 6385.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309138-44qpk2vf.txt summary: Moreover, AYUSH has recommended certain preventive and medicinal plants for prevention and prophylactic of COVID-19 including warm extracts of Tinospora cordifolia (advised for chronic fever), Andrograhis paniculata (advised for fever and cold), Cydonia oblonga, Zizyphus jujube and Cordia myxa (enhancing antioxidant, immune-modulatory, anti-allergic, smooth muscle relaxant, anti-influenza activity) and Ever since, has been elucidated that, PAK1 tends to cause cancers, viral diseases like HIV, Hepatitis, pappiloma, influenza, ebola, SARS and corona virus along with immune system suppression of hosts, henceforth, propolis would be quintessential in blocking COVID/coronavirus curbed fibrosis in respiratory tract and boosting the immunity of an individual (Maruta, 2014) . Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) From Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Molecular Docking Study Molecular mechanism of action of repurposed drugs and traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic review Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective abstract: Current scenario depicts that world has been clenched by COVID-19 pandemic. Inevitably, public health and safety measures could be undertaken in order to dwindle the infection threat and mortality. Moreover, to overcome the global menace and drawing out world from moribund stage, there is an exigency for social distancing and quarantines. Since December, 2019, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have came into existence and up till now world is still in the state of shock.At this point of time, COVID-19 has entered perilous phase, creating havoc among individuals, and this has been directly implied due to enhanced globalisation and ability of the virus to acclimatize at all conditions. The unabated transmission is due to lack of drugs, vaccines and therapeutics against this viral outbreak. But research is still underway to formulate the vaccines or drugs by this means, as scientific communities are continuously working to unravel the pharmacologically active compounds that might offer a new insight for curbing infections and pandemics. Therefore, the topical COVID-19 situation highlights an immediate need for effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Towards this effort, the present review discusses the vital concepts related to COVID-19, in terms of its origin, transmission, clinical aspects and diagnosis. However, here, we have formulated the novel concept hitherto, ancient means of traditional medicines or herbal plants to beat this pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0944711320301926 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153361 id: cord-318694-370ccaoc author: Khanna, Niharika title: Utilizing the Learning Health System Adaptation to guide Family Medicine Practice to COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-16 words: 1613.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318694-370ccaoc.txt summary: We examined Learning Health System guidance from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine and adapted it to our primary care practice to create an efficient, effective, adaptive response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The DFCM reviewed the principles of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAM) learning health system guidance, which recommend that each patient received care that was personal, safe, effective, equitable, efficient, accessible, transparent, adaptive and secure. A series of decisions lead to ultimate success: the first decision was for the clinical sites to stay open throughout the pandemic; the creation of a nimble leadership team of individuals who did not hesitate to lead their domains into the unknown; the creation of methods of data sharing and dissemination; leveraging infrastructure supports through the health system and information technology infrastructure; access to elite COVID-19 testing platforms; billing process updates, the decision to enforce active patient panel management by faculty and staff. abstract: COVID-19 supportive quarantine care in the community is managed by primary care practices. There is no current guidance on how a primary care practice with high volumes of patients screened for COVID-19 can re-configure itself to become responsive to the pandemic. We examined Learning Health System guidance from the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine and adapted it to our primary care practice to create an efficient, effective, adaptive response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest evaluating this response in the future for effectiveness and efficiency. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720966409 doi: 10.1177/2150132720966409 id: cord-277679-sc9hugxr author: Khateb, Mohamed title: Coronaviruses and Central Nervous System Manifestations date: 2020-06-23 words: 4204.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277679-sc9hugxr.txt summary: This minireview scans the literature regarding the involvement of the CNS in coronavirus infections in general, and in regard to the recent SARS-CoV-2, specifically. In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. Accumulating evidence implies a possible link between infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Accumulating evidence from the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, together with literature on other coronaviruses, suggest that infection with coronaviruses may be related to CNS manifestations or complications, including anosmia, acute ischemic strokes, viral meningoenchephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute flaccid paralysis, and other presumably post/para-infectious syndromes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that has caused an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Emerging in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the virus has spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. The most prominent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are respiratory. However, accumulating evidence highlights involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). This includes headache, anosmia, meningoencephalitis, acute ischemic stroke, and several presumably post/para-infectious syndromes and altered mental status not explained by respiratory etiologies. Interestingly, previous studies in animal models emphasized the neurotropism of coronaviruses; thus, these CNS manifestations of COVID-19 are not surprising. This minireview scans the literature regarding the involvement of the CNS in coronavirus infections in general, and in regard to the recent SARS-CoV-2, specifically. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32655490/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00715 id: cord-104509-hxaq9bf5 author: Khateri, Sorour title: The Prevalence of Underlying Diseases and Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients; an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-09-12 words: 5317.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104509-hxaq9bf5.txt summary: Cross-sectional and retrospective studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions such as acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. CONCLUSION: According to this meta-analysis, comorbidities such as hypertension, acute liver and kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. In addition, studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions like acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Also, comorbid conditions like hypertension, acute liver injury, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gaining knowledge about underlying diseases and associated comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 can be beneficial in developing a proper understanding of the disease prognosis as well as comprehensive management, and treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of underlying diseases and associated comorbidities in COVID-19 patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Major biomedical electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched for all relevant literature published in English from January to July 2020. Cross-sectional and retrospective studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions such as acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. After selecting eligible studies, two authors extracted data of each study, independently, and any inconsistency was resolved through discussion with the third reviewer until reaching a consensus. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent research experts using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The variance in the meta-analyses on prevalence was stabilized by double arcsine transformations. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of acute respiratory injury in patients with COVID-19 was estimated as 34% (95% Cl: 10 – 57%). Also, the prevalence of acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and shock were estimated as 10% (95% Cl: 6 - 14%), 19% (95% Cl: 10 - 27%), 23 % (95% Cl: 19 - 27%), and 12 % (95% Cl: 5 – 19 %). CONCLUSION: According to this meta-analysis, comorbidities such as hypertension, acute liver and kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588001/ doi: nan id: cord-277643-xh8z9v0m author: Khatiwada, Asmita Priyadarshini title: Paradigm shift of drug information centers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 3930.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277643-xh8z9v0m.txt summary: Pharmacists played a crucial role in direct patient care, medication information, and proper drug distribution with proactive communication among themselves and with other HCPs during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic. However, new roles including immunization, contraception, public awareness, identifying infected patients and redirecting them to hospitals and isolation centers, logistics, supplies and clinical management, and being an information hub for patients and HCPs regarding the disease, transmission, preventive measures, management approaches, and investigational medications were identified [14, 15] . Even though the various services provided by the pharmacists during different pandemics were not directly through DICs, pharmacists were actively involved in the dissemination of information on the disease and investigational World Health Organization (WHO)-approved/non-approved medications to the patients, HCPs and the public. Detailed information on COVID-19 and its effects in patients with various health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, neurological issues, and respiratory illnesses, can be disseminated to HCPs and patients/ public via DICs, thereby promoting the role of pharmacists in patient management. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major global threat affecting millions of lives throughout the world physically and psychologically. With the asymptomatic presentation of COVID-19 in many patients and the similarity of its symptoms with the common cold and influenza, the need for accurate information on the disease is very important for its identification and proper management. Accurate information on the disease, its prevention and treatment can be disseminated through drug information centers (DICs). DICs are usually staffed by pharmacists and/or clinical pharmacists/pharmacologists. DICs are a reliable source of current and unbiased information on COVID-19 and its associated complications, including management options for healthcare professionals and the public. In addition to health and drug information, pharmacists working in the DICs can be involved in the management of the patients’ health by providing information on home care and safety, medication management of patients with chronic comorbid illnesses, and psychological advice. This article explores the possible additional roles DICs can play, besides providing drug information within the hospital or in the community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837192/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00757-3 id: cord-349226-xzlc1pni author: Khatiwada, Saroj title: Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible link and implications date: 2020-08-05 words: 4312.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349226-xzlc1pni.txt summary: To date there is no direct evidence from human or animal studies on the role of lung microbiome in modifying COVID-19 disease; however, related studies support that microbiome can play an essential role in developing immunity against viral infections. The COVID-19 disease is caused by a virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 [4] . The COVID-19 disease begins with the invasion of lungs by SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the major complications that develop subsequently are related to lung infection and immune response generation, therefore, lung microbiome might play an important role from initiation to the progression of this disease [16] . The SARS-CoV-2 viral infection occurs amid the local environment of diverse microbiota; therefore, it is apparent that lung microbiota can have an impact on the initiation, development, and progression of the COVID-19 disease. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease begins as an infection of lungs, which is self-limiting in the majority of infections; however, some develop severe respiratory distress and organ failures. Lung microbiome, though neglected previously have received interest recently because of its association with several respiratory diseases and immunity. Lung microbiome can modify the risk and consequences of COVID-19 disease by activating an innate and adaptive immune response. In this review, we examine the current evidence on COVID-19 disease and lung microbiome, and how lung microbiome can affect SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcomes of this disease. To date there is no direct evidence from human or animal studies on the role of lung microbiome in modifying COVID-19 disease; however, related studies support that microbiome can play an essential role in developing immunity against viral infections. Future studies need to be undertaken to find the relationship between lung microbiome and COVID-19 disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humic.2020.100073 doi: 10.1016/j.humic.2020.100073 id: cord-310803-iig414jg author: Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin title: Applying Computer Simulations in Battling with COVID-19, using pre-analyzed molecular and chemical data to face the pandemic date: 2020-10-17 words: 1337.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310803-iig414jg.txt summary: COVID-19 is a disorder caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has CoV-2 genome sequencing demonstrated that ORF1a/b is closely similar to those from the bat, 4 civet, and other human SARS-CoVs, but the external sub-domain amino acid sequence of the 5 spike receptor-binding domain for this novel virus is only 40% similar to other SARS-related 6 coronaviruses. Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential 5 inhibitor of 2019-nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology 6 modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation Structural and molecular modelling studies 24 reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 25 infection Network-based drug repurposing 29 for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 Emodin blocks the SARS coronavirus 46 spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction Repurposing didanosine as a potential treatment for COVID-19 using scRNA-18 seq data Repurposing Didanosine as a Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Using Single-Cell 20 RNA Sequencing Data abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made many concerns for healthcare services especially, in finding useful therapeutic(s). Despite the scientists’ struggle to find and/or creating possible drugs, so far there is no treatment with high efficiency for the disease. During the pandemic, researchers have performed some molecular analyses to find potential therapeutics out of both the natural and synthetic available medicines. Computer simulations and related data have shown a significant role in drug discovery and development before. In this field, antiviral drugs, phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory agents, etc. were essential groups of compounds tested against COVID-19, using molecular modeling, molecular dynamics (MD), and docking tools. The results indicate promising effects of such compounds to be used in further experimental and clinical trials; Chloroquine, Chloroquine-OH, and Umifenovir as viral entry inhibitors, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Darunavir as viral replication inhibitors, and Sirolimus are the examples, which were tested clinically on patients after comprehensive assessments of the available data on molecular simulation. This review summarizes the outcomes of various computer simulations data in the battle against COVID-19 url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352914820306080 doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100458 id: cord-288394-h9hozu9j author: Kheirallah, Khalid A. title: The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan date: 2020-09-08 words: 4934.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288394-h9hozu9j.txt summary: The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. The simulated epidemic curves for COVID-19 provided evidence that Jordan may have successfully implemented NPI measures that facilitated suppressing (containing) the spread of the epidemic by reducing the number of daily new reported cases and the total duration of the epidemic. abstract: COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global public health threat and caused a significant number of severe cases that necessitated long hospitalization and overwhelmed health services in the most affected countries. In response, governments initiated a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that led to severe economic and social impacts. The effect of these intervention measures on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well investigated within developing country settings. This study simulated the trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic curve in Jordan between February and May and assessed the effect of Jordan’s strict NPI measures on the spread of COVID-19. A modified susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) epidemic model was utilized. The compartments in the proposed model categorized the Jordanian population into six deterministic compartments: suspected, exposed, infectious pre-symptomatic, infectious with mild symptoms, infectious with moderate to severe symptoms, and recovered. The GLEAMviz client simulator was used to run the simulation model. Epidemic curves were plotted for estimated COVID-19 cases in the simulation model, and compared against the reported cases. The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The curve representing the number of actual reported cases in Jordan showed a good pattern compatibility to that in the mild and moderate to severe compartmental states. The reproduction number under the NPIs was reduced from 5.6 to less than one. NPIs in Jordan seem to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic and reducing the reproduction rate. Early strict intervention measures showed evidence of containing and suppressing the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32911738/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186530 id: cord-277117-11m27kmi author: Khialani, Bharat title: Transcatheter management of severe aortic stenosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4660.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277117-11m27kmi.txt summary: With the primary goal of reducing the risk of spread of COVID-19, protecting patients and healthcare teams and preserving access to necessary/emergency care, the UK National Health Service (NHS) issued specialty guidance for the management of cardiology patients during this time. 4 While surgical valve replacement (sAVR) was the treatment of choice for decades, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an increasingly safe and effective treatment option in patients at high or intermediate risk. 26 The PARTNER 2A trial, which randomised 2032 patients with intermediate surgical risk (Society of Thoracic Surgery Predicted risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score 4%-8% and Heart Team consensus) to either TAVI or sAVR, demonstrated equivalent outcomes at 2 years. ► Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an effective treatment for AS and has less impact on hospital (and particularly critical care) capacity than surgical AVR. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis at low and intermediate risk: systematic review and metaanalysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317221 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317221 id: cord-337436-3xzgv370 author: Khider, Lina title: Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-18 words: 1774.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337436-3xzgv370.txt summary: METHODS: Study analyzed clinical and biological profiles of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection at admission, including hemostasis tests and quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are considered as relevant markers of Accepted Article 1 endothelial lesion or dysfunction (12) and were used to explore the potential vascular dysfunction 2 in COVID-19 patients. Among COVID-19 positive patients, 64% were above this threshold, suggesting a SARSThe originality of this study was to evidence an endothelial lesion during SARS-CoV-2 infection, 3 as witnessed by increased levels of CECs. Second, we show that this endothelial damage is 4 thwarted by curative anticoagulation. Interestingly, patients enrolled while they were treated with 6 curative anticoagulation had a significantly lower level of CECs, especially in the hypertensive 7 population treated with ACEi or ARBs. Increased mortality and/or morbidity of COVID-19 in 8 patients with hypertension has been described in China (3). abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been associated with cardiovascular complications and coagulation disorders. OBJECTIVES: To explore the coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: Study analyzed clinical and biological profiles of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection at admission, including hemostasis tests and quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). RESULTS: Among 96 consecutive COVID‐19‐suspected patients fulfilling criteria for hospitalization, 66 were tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. COVID‐19 positive patients were more likely to present with fever (p=0.02), cough (p=0.03) and pneumonia at CT‐scan (p=0.002) at admission. Prevalence of D‐dimer >500 ng/mL was higher in COVID‐19 positive patients (74.2% vs. 43.3%; p=0.007). No sign of disseminated intravascular coagulation were identified. Adding D‐dimers >500 ng/mL to gender and pneumonia at CT scan in ROC curve analysis significantly increased AUC for COVID‐19 diagnosis. COVID‐19 positive patients had significantly more CECs at admission (p=0.008) than COVID‐19 negative ones. COVID‐19 positive patients treated with curative anticoagulant prior to admission had less CECs (p=0.02) than those without. Interestingly, patients treated with curative anticoagulation and ACEi or ARBs had even lesser CECs (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Curative anticoagulation could prevent COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy and endothelial lesion. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14968 doi: 10.1111/jth.14968 id: cord-277931-3hxhsmw8 author: Khitan, Zeid J. title: SCan Charcoal Improve Outcomes in COVID-19 Infections? date: 2020-08-10 words: 1090.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277931-3hxhsmw8.txt summary: We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation. We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation. It appears that age, renal dysfunction and obesity are amongst the most important risk factors for serious or fatal COVID-19 infection 3, 4 . To test this hypothesis, we would suggest first a proof of concept study where a relatively small group of patients at high risk for COVID-19 complications are given activated charcoal at doses similar to that used in previous renal failure studies 18, 19 when the diagnosis is first made. Uremic Toxins Activates Na/K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop Causing Phenotypic Changes in Adipocytes in In Vitro Models Protein-bound uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress: a cross-sectional study in stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease abstract: COVID-19 infection causes considerable morbidity and mortality, especially to those who are aged, have impaired renal function and are obese. We propose to examine the potential utility of oral activated charcoal with the hypothesis that such treatment would lower absorption of microbiome derived toxins and ameliorate systemic oxidant stress and inflammation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720324245?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110176 id: cord-031518-1w14wr0i author: Khodarahmi, Reza title: The ACE2 as a “rescue protein” or “suspect enzyme” in COVID-19: possible application of the “engineered inactive hrsACE2” as a safer therapeutic agent in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-07 words: 4651.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031518-1w14wr0i.txt summary: The authors expressed that hrsACE2 can block early entry of SARS-CoV-2 infections in various host cells, especially alveolar epithelial type II cells, as a viral reservoir and stated that they cannot make any predictions with respect to the effect of the recombinant protein on the later stages of COVID-19 and, also, honestly mentioned the study limitations. Moreover, since ACE2 is expressed in various tissues including the heart, kidney tubules, the luminal surface of the small intestine and blood vessels [2] and references therein), SARS-CoV-2could also infect these tissues, so that clinically, SARS-CoV-2 has been found in the urine, and cardiovascular and renal dysfunctions have been reported for many patients with COVID-19. As mentioned above, patients with COVID-19 have significantly elevated levels of plasma angiotensin II compared to that of healthy individual and membrane-bound ACE2 (in addition to protecting from lung injury, based on its catalytic domain) is the critical in vivo SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein receptor. abstract: COVID-19 is a devastating global pandemic around the world. While the majority of infected cases appear mild, in some cases, individuals present respiratory complications with possible serious lung damage. There are no specific treatments for COVID-19 as yet. Many repurposed antiviral drugs have had disappointing outcomes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme that physiologically counters renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, functions as a receptor for both SARS viruses. The current study discusses on vague role of ACE2 under physiologic/pathologic conditions. The catalytically inactive hrsACE2 has been also proposed as an efficient treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13738-020-02049-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7475728/ doi: 10.1007/s13738-020-02049-z id: cord-338680-wwlttymp author: Khonyongwa, K. title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-07-30 words: 4839.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338680-wwlttymp.txt summary: Due to the high prevalence of infection during the peak of the outbreak, one of the suggested strategies to prevent healthcare transmission was to screen all patients on admission by a single combined nose and throat swab assessed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA to allow segregation into COVID-19 positive and non COVID-19 cohort wards. The latter included assessment of the utility of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement, delayed RNA positivity, COVID-19 patients as sources of infection, self-reported COVID-19 sickness absence among hospital staff hospital bed occupancy, community incidence, and the incidence of other significant hospital-acquired infections. NHS England released its reporting criteria in May 2020 (written communication described in supplementary data) following which cases were also classified as per date of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Correlation between weekly incidence of HA-COVID-19 (including late indeterminate cases) and staff self-reported sickness absence, delayed RNA positive cases, community incidence and Trust COVID-19 bed occupancy is displayed in figure 3. abstract: Background: The sudden increase in COVID-19 admissions in hospitals during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic of 2020 has led to onward transmissions among vulnerable inpatients. Aims: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections (HA-COVID-19) during the 2020 epidemic and study factors which may promote or correlate with its incidence and transmission in a London Teaching Hospital Trust. Methods: Electronic laboratory, patient and staff self-reported sickness records were interrogated for the period 1st March to 18th April 2020. HA-COVID-19 was defined as symptom onset >14d of admission. Test performance of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement and the effect of delayed RNA positivity (DRP, defined as >48h delay) on patient outcomes was evaluated. The incidence of staff self-reported COVID-19 sickness absence, hospital bed occupancy, community incidence and DRP was compared HA-COVID-19. The incidence of other significant hospital-acquired bacterial infections (OHAI) was compared to previous years. Results: 58 HA-COVID-19 (7.1%) cases were identified. As compared to community-acquired cases, significant differences were observed in age (p=0.018), ethnicity (p<0.001) and comorbidity burden (p<0.001) but not in 30d mortality. CTNS negative predictive value was 60.3%. DRP was associated with greater mortality (p=0.034) and 34.5% HA-COVID-19 cases could be traced to delayed diagnosis in CA-COVID-19. Incidence of HA-COVID-19 correlated positively with DRP (R=0.7108) and staff sickness absence (R=0.7815). OHAI rates were similar to previous 2 years. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and isolation of COVID-19 would help reduce transmission. A single CTNS has limited value in segregating patients into positive and negative pathways. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.24.20148262v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20148262 id: cord-269408-6qncy0nd author: Khonyongwa, Kirstin title: Incidence and outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections: significance of delayed diagnosis and correlation with staff absence date: 2020-10-13 words: 4131.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269408-6qncy0nd.txt summary: AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections (HA-COVID-19) during the 2020 epidemic and study factors which may promote or correlate with its incidence and transmission in a Teaching Hospital NHS Trust in London, England. Factors studied included the utility of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement, delayed RNA positivity (DRP), selfreported COVID-19 sickness absence among hospital staff, total hospital bed occupancy, community incidence of COVID-19 (CIC19) and the change in incidence of other significant hospital-acquired bacterial infections (HAB). When a HA-COVID-19 case was identified, actions included staff refresher training for correct PPE usage, rapid transfer of patients to a COVID-19 positive cohort ward, deep cleaning (washing walls and carpets) followed by increasing the cleaning frequency until no further transmission was seen (defined as no new symptom onset within 2 weeks of last known case and in haematology and geriatrics a CNTS was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA twice weekly for all contacts up to 2 weeks from last positive case regardless of symptoms). abstract: BACKGROUND: The sudden increase in COVID-19 admissions in hospitals during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic of 2020 led to onward transmissions among vulnerable inpatients. AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections (HA-COVID-19) during the 2020 epidemic and study factors which may promote or correlate with its incidence and transmission in a Teaching Hospital NHS Trust in London, England. METHODS: Electronic laboratory, patient and staff self-reported sickness records were interrogated from 1(st) March to 18(th) April 2020. HA-COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 with symptom onset >14 days of admission. Test performance of a single combined throat and nose swab (CTNS) for patient placement was calculated. The effect of delayed RNA positivity (DRP, defined as >48h delay), staff self-reported COVID-19 sickness absence, hospital bed occupancy, and community incidence of COVID-19 was compared for HA-COVID-19. The incidence of other significant hospital-acquired bacterial infections (HAB) was compared to previous years. RESULTS: 58 HA-COVID-19 (7.1%) cases were identified. When compared to community-acquired admitted cases (CA-COVID-19), significant differences were observed in age (p=0.018), ethnicity (p<0.001) and comorbidity burden (p<0.001) but not in 30 d mortality. CTNS negative predictive value was 60.3%. DRP was associated with greater mortality (p=0.034) and incidence of HA-COVID-19 correlated positively with DRP (R=0.7108) and staff sickness absence (R=0.7815). For the study period HAB rates were similar to previous 2 years. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and isolation of COVID-19 patients would help reduce transmission. A single CTNS has limited value in segregating patients into positive and negative pathways. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670120304667?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.10.006 id: cord-281035-tv9t0zlr author: Khose, Swapnil title: Epidemiology of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 in the State of Texas: The First Month of Community Spread date: 2020-06-04 words: 1665.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281035-tv9t0zlr.txt summary: Although the urban areas of Texas account for the majority of COVID-19 cases, the higher case-fatality rates and low health care capacity in rural areas need attention. However, among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest incidence rates were in following four counties: We compared the distribution of county-level demographics and community resources by quintiles of COVID-19 IRs (Table 1) , including counties with no cases, in order to understand similarities or dissimilarities between counties yet to experience spread of the disease. Among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest CFR were in: (1) We also compared the distribution of county-level demographics and community resources by quintiles of COVID-19 CFRs (Table 2) , including counties with no deaths, to understand mortality trends of the disease. To date, this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the state of Texas, with geographic trends and explaining possible county-level differences that are correlated with higher incidence and case fatality rates. abstract: The pandemic of novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently spreading rapidly across the United States. We provide a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 epidemiology across the state of Texas, which includes vast rural & vulnerable communities that may be disproportionately impacted by the spread of this new disease. All 254 Texas counties were included in this study. We examined the geographic variation of COVID-19 from March 1 through April 8, 2020 by extracting data on incidence and case fatality from various national and state datasets. We contrasted incidence and case fatality rates by county-level demographic and healthcare resource factors. Counties which are part of metropolitan regions, such as Harris and Dallas, experienced the highest total number of confirmed cases. However, the highest incidence rates per 100,000 population were in found in counties of Donley (353.5), Castro (136.4), Matagorda (114.4) and Galveston (93.4). Among counties with greater than 10 cases, the highest CFR were observed in counties of Comal (10.3%), Hockley (10%), Hood (10%), and Castro (9.1%). Counties with the highest CFR (> 10%) had a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black residents, adults aged 65 and older, and adults smoking, but lower number of ICU beds per 100,000 population, and number of primary care physicians per 1000 population. Although the urban areas of Texas account for the majority of COVID-19 cases, the higher case-fatality rates and low health care capacity in rural areas need attention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500438/ doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00854-4 id: cord-299312-asc120pn author: Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H.A. title: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of the COVID–19 Pandemic Model date: 2020-05-25 words: 2083.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299312-asc120pn.txt summary: Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. Interestingly, we identify that transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables in spreading this disease. Interestingly, we identify that 27 transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported 28 symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables 29 This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected 30 individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more 31 widely on the community. This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected 30 individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more 31 widely on the community. One of the identified key parameters is the transmission rate 515 between asymptomatic infected and reported symptomatic individuals. abstract: Global efforts around the world are focused on to discuss several health care strategies for minimizing the impact of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) on the community. As it is clear that this virus becomes a public health threat and spreading easily among individuals. Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. This is an infectious disease and can be modeled as a system of non-linear differential equations with reaction rates. This work reviews and develops some suggested models for the COVID-19 that can address important questions about global health care and suggest important notes. Then, we suggest an updated model that includes a system of differential equations with transmission parameters. Some key computational simulations and sensitivity analysis are investigated. Also, the local sensitivities for each model state concerning the model parameters are computed using three different techniques: non-normalizations, half normalizations, and full normalizations. Results based on the computational simulations show that the model dynamics are significantly changed for different key model parameters. Interestingly, we identify that transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables in spreading this disease. This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more widely on the community. Another novelty of this paper is the identification of the critical model parameters, which makes it easy to be used by biologists with less knowledge of mathematical modeling and also facilitates the improvement of the model for future development theoretically and practically. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920303313 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109932 id: cord-291275-qylkm2tn author: Khosravi, Mohsen title: The challenges ahead for patients with feeding and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-07 words: 1414.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291275-qylkm2tn.txt summary: However, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patients with feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are at this stage unclear. The COVID-19 pandemic can potentially aggravate FEDs and the associated mental health symptoms because of the intensified economic limitations resulting in food insecurity (that is, restricted food access caused by economic problems). These exacerbations may be caused due to several reasons, such as the stress-triggering impacts of the daily reports of new cases and mortality rate of the disease (some mental health professionals call it "headline stress disorder" [11] ; worrying about infection and death of their family members [12] ; the inescapable media coverage on the grocery shopping, food safety, food shortages threats, and "how to control emotional eating"; or the focus of some online contents regarding the pandemic on "how to appear perfect on a webcam") as well as at-home workout challenges can involuntarily strengthen the eating-disorder behaviors and cognitions [9] . abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) became a global pandemic only a few months after it emerged in China. Besides, this pandemic imposed adverse consequences on public health, particularly on the mental health status of individuals with serious mental illness. However, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the patients with feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) are at this stage unclear. In this letter, the author seeks to acknowledge the risks of worsening FEDs during this uncertain period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922783/ doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00322-3 id: cord-298918-o1bmulz3 author: Khosrawipour, Veria title: Failure in initial stage containment of global COVID‐19 epicenters date: 2020-04-28 words: 1317.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298918-o1bmulz3.txt summary: We analyzed available data on COVID‐19 cases of eight majorly affected countries, including China, Italy, Iran, Germany, France, Spain, South Korea, and Japan. 8, 9 The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare case development, growth rate and doubling time during the initial phase of COVID-19 exposure for each respective country. The present study included F I G U R E 1 Cumulative development of COVID-19 cases in China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and Iran according to WHO data. Data for the months of January, February and March and magnification of latest case developments outside of China F I G U R E 2 Cumulative development of COVID-19 cases in China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, France, and Spain within the first and second 3-week intervals. The first 6 weeks after initial reports of COVID-19 cases in Italy, France, Spain, Iran, South Korea, Japan, Germany, and China were subject to analysis. abstract: With multiple virus epicenters, COVID‐19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Consequently, many countries have implemented different policies to manage this crisis including curfew and lockdown. However, the efficacy of individual policies remains unclear with respect to COVID‐19 case development. We analyzed available data on COVID‐19 cases of eight majorly affected countries, including China, Italy, Iran, Germany, France, Spain, South Korea, and Japan. Growth rates and doubling time of cases were calculated for the first 6 weeks after the initial cases were declared for each respective country and put into context with implemented policies. Although the growth rate of total confirmed COVID‐19 cases in China has decreased, those for Japan have remained constant. For European countries, the growth rate of COVID‐19 cases considerably increased during the second time interval. Interestingly, the rates for Germany, Spain, and France are the highest measured in the second interval and even surpass the numbers in Italy. Although the initial data in Asian countries are encouraging with respect to case development at the initial stage, the opposite is true for European countries. Based on our data, disease management in the 2 weeks following the first reported cases is of utmost importance. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25883 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25883 id: cord-282371-39qo9afy author: Khulood, Daulat title: Convalescent plasma appears efficacious and safe in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 3095.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282371-39qo9afy.txt summary: Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a classic adaptive immunotherapy which has been in use for more a century to prevent and treat infections including SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and H1N1 pandemic. Despite its promising beneficial effects in patients severely ill with COVID-19, CP therapy requires further evaluation in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) as a lack of satisfactory efficacy data from this area certainly enhances the hesitancy with regard to employing this treatment. Although CP therapy showed satisfactory efficacy in treating patients with severe COVID-19, 41 this approach requires evaluation in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) 38 as lack of data from this area certainly enhances the hesitation with regard to employing this treatment. 46 Recently, the FDA has approved use of CP to treat critically ill patients while a clinical trial of plasma therapy for COVID-19 has been approved in the UK. Treatment with convalescent plasma for critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology associated with pyrexia and acute respiratory distress was identified in Southern China. Links between the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases and the region’s seafood market were noted with the possibility of a new zoonosis and SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the responsible agent. Currently, there are no effective prophylactic or therapeutic options to deal with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) or any other human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is a classic adaptive immunotherapy which has been in use for more a century to prevent and treat infections including SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and H1N1 pandemic. Moreover, the World Health Organization regarded CP transfusion as the most promising therapy to treat MERS-CoV. This review was undertaken to demonstrate the potential of CP in the treatment of the pandemic COVID-19 disease. A total of eight studies conducted on CP therapy in patients with COVID-19 were reviewed wherein 25,028 patients above 18 years of age were involved. The vast majority of patients reported favorable outcomes when treated with CP with <1% serious adverse events. Despite its promising beneficial effects in patients severely ill with COVID-19, CP therapy requires further evaluation in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) as a lack of satisfactory efficacy data from this area certainly enhances the hesitancy with regard to employing this treatment. In the present circumstances of unsatisfactory pharmacological therapy and the urgent need for a successful curative remedy, considering the use of CP therapy is reasonable provided RCTs confirm its safety, efficacy, and tolerability. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062267/ doi: 10.1177/2049936120957931 id: cord-353275-pindjvhk author: Khurana, A. title: Prevalence and clinical correlates of COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in a tertiary level hospital date: 2020-07-24 words: 4284.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353275-pindjvhk.txt summary: In this study, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreak among Healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital and compared various parameters and preventive measures taken by positive HCWs to a comparable cohort of COVID negative HCWs. 52.1% of COVID-19 positive HCWs showed symptoms of which only three needed hospitalization possibly due to a younger cohort of HCWs who got infected (35.9 +9.3 years). We also observed outbreak control with increased awareness, near universal testing, PPE provision, sanitization drive, and promoting social distancing among HCWs. An epidemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive sense single stranded RNA virus of zoonotic origin, emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Findings of present study found some protective role of full course (7 weeks) of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine as compared to a control group of negative healthcare workers with p=0.021 and use of N95 masks over others. abstract: In this study, we summarize the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 outbreak among Healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care hospital and compared various parameters and preventive measures taken by positive HCWs to a comparable cohort of COVID negative HCWs. 52.1% of COVID-19 positive HCWs showed symptoms of which only three needed hospitalization possibly due to a younger cohort of HCWs who got infected (35.9 +- 9.3 years). Findings of present study found some protective role of full course prophylactic hydroxychloroquine as compared to a control group (p=0.021) and use of N95 masks over others (p<0.001). Our results did not show any added protection with the use of prophylactic Vitamin C, D, Zinc, or betadine gargles. We also observed outbreak control with increased awareness, near universal testing, PPE provision, sanitization drive, and promoting social distancing among HCWs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20159301 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20159301 id: cord-322233-1i6zj9b3 author: Khurana, Sonal title: Now is the time to press the reset button: Helping India’s companies to become more resilient and effective in overcoming the impacts of COVID-19, climate changes and other crises date: 2020-10-01 words: 9070.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322233-1i6zj9b3.txt summary: Table 1 lists identified key factors, which were selected as essential for helping industries to rebuild in the post COVID-19 pandemic period and hopefully contribute to more sustainable societies, globally in the context of the likelihood of more pandemics in the near future due to climate changes. • Provide Economic stimulus packages to provide low-cost money to industries to help them to restart • Targeted social security programmes for those below the poverty line • Close cooperation of Government and industry to improve efficiency and resilience of production and supply chain management issues • Measures are to be adopted to ensure demand for locally produced products, i.e. produced in India • Strong and quick decision-making and effective implementation of the selected approaches • New norms for personal Hygiene and sanitation • New healthcare norms abstract: COVID-19 is the pandemic caused by one of the coronaviruses. This virus was not known before the outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. By January of 2020 it was declared to be a global human health crisis. The deaths and illnesses caused by the virus caused extensive fear and anxiety among people in all societies. The pandemic slowed economic activities nearly to a halt. The challenges of how companies should respond to the disruptions in their supply chains and how they can build more resilient systems, must be systematically addressed. The authors of this paper highlighted essential factors which can help companies to overcome this crisis and other types of crises, by learning from the approaches taken in India, which has a unique and diverse economic system. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to identify the essential factors which can help companies to improve their resilience so they can recover during and after the COVID-19 pandemic era and potentially in other similar complex crises. The results of the AHP evaluation were prioritized by performing a sensitivity analysis to prioritize the essential factors. The “Role of governance” was found to be the most important factor that can be used to help in rebuilding industries and societies and in helping them to become more resilient to future severe shocks. The results of this research were used to develop recommendations for company managers, practitioners and policy-makers. The authors hope that this advice will help India to become a stronger nation with more resilient companies, which are better prepared to anticipate and to respond to future crises. We hope people in other nations will also benefit from the finding presented in this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024355/ doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124466 id: cord-309236-p4c2d5y3 author: Khurram, Ruhaid title: Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli in a patient with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-08-11 words: 2399.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309236-p4c2d5y3.txt summary: We exhibit a case of a 64-year-old man with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia who presented acutely to the emergency department with tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. Routine blood test results on admission were as follows: haemoglobin: 129 g/L; white cell count: 11.2×10 9 /L; platelets: 538×10 9 /L; neutrophils: Following initial management for the tension pneumothorax, a repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion with a small residual pneumothorax, but with no mediastinal shift; peripheral ground glass airspace opacities were accentuated, in keeping with COVID-19 infection (figure 2). The chest drain was removed on day 3 of admission following the CTPA findings of iatrogenic pneumatocoele, and a repeat chest radiograph showed significant reinflation of the right lung with no residual pneumothorax. To our knowledge, we have reported the first documented case of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with both spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. ► Spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli are important coexisting respiratory pathologies to consider on a background of COVID-19 infection. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the structure and operation of healthcare services worldwide. We highlight a case of a 64-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnoea on a background of a 2-week history of fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. On initial assessment the patient was hypoxic (arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) of 86% on room air), requiring 10 L/min of oxygen to maintain 98% SaO(2). Examination demonstrated left-sided tracheal deviation and absent breath sounds in the right lung field on auscultation. A chest radiograph revealed a large right-sided tension pneumothorax which was treated with needle thoracocentesis and a definitive chest drain. A CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrated segmental left lower lobe acute pulmonary emboli, significant generalised COVID-19 parenchymal features, surgical emphysema and an iatrogenic pneumatocoele. This case emphasises the importance of considering coexisting alternative diagnoses in patients who present with suspected COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784238/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237475 id: cord-340887-k88hchau author: Khusid, Johnathan A. title: Well‐Being and Education of Urology Residents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Results of an American National Survey date: 2020-05-27 words: 3041.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340887-k88hchau.txt summary: To address this gap, in the current study we aim to assess the well-being, clinical practice, and education of urology residents throughout the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic through the use of an anonymous survey. Potential risk factors included: resident age, gender identity, level of training, practice setting (urban/suburban/rural), AUA geographical section, perception of local COVID-19 severity (Likert), marital status, children, perceived household susceptibility to disease (Likert), history of COVID-19 symptoms, months of intensive care unit training, redeployment status, perceptions of availability of PPE (Likert) and COVID-19 testing, cancellation of elective cases, number of weekly operations before the pandemic, perceived program and hospital support (Likert), perception of shared responsibility with attendings (Likert), and perceived difficulty meeting case minimums (Likert). Perception of support from hospital administration (β=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.40, -0.05) and shared responsibility between residents and attendings (β=-0.22, 95% CI=-0.39, -0.07) were associated with lower declination of redeployment whereas concern regarding ability to reach graduation case requirements was associated with higher declination of redeployment (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.00, 0.32). abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of COVID‐19 has placed tremendous strain on the American healthcare system. Few prior studies have evaluated the well‐being of or changes to training for American resident physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aim to study predictors of trainee well‐being and changes to clinical practice using an anonymous survey of American urology residents. METHODS: An anonymous, voluntary, 47‐question survey was sent to all ACGME‐accredited urology programs in the United States. We executed a cross‐sectional analysis evaluating risk factors of perception of anxiety and depression both at work and home and educational outcomes. Multiple linear regressions models were used to estimate beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Among approximately 1,800 urology residents in the USA, 356 (20%) responded. Among these respondents, 24 had missing data leaving a sample size of 332. Important risk factors of mental health outcomes included perception of access to PPE, local COVID‐19 severity, and perception of susceptible household members. Risk factors for declination of redeployment included current redeployment, having children, and concerns regarding ability to reach case minimums. Risk factors for concern of achieving operative autonomy included cancellation of elective cases and higher level of training. CONCLUSIONS: Several potential actions, which could be taken by urology residency program directors and hospital administration, may optimize urology resident well‐being, morale, and education. These include advocating for adequate access to PPE, providing support at both the residency program and institutional levels, instituting telehealth education programs, and fostering a sense of shared responsibility of COVID‐19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460433/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13559 id: cord-322159-3anst3os author: Kiaghadi, A. title: Assessing COVID-19 Risk, Vulnerability and Infection Prevalence in Communities date: 2020-05-08 words: 3423.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322159-3anst3os.txt summary: Methods: Across 46 variables, we defined five broad categories: 1) access to medical, 2) underlying health conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters, and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Thus, the goals for developing the planning tool are to better understand 88 medical access gaps and demands for hospitalization, identify parts of the county where more 89 protective measures and response actions need to be put in place, and have a data-driven 90 framework for estimating case numbers, hospitalizations, and deaths by census tract. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089839 doi: medRxiv preprint vulnerability findings presented above for Harris County (Fig 6, and yellow highlighted values in 426 Table 3); a total of 59,307, 98,702, 78,723, 105,431, and 59,624 seniors (+65 years) , who are at 427 most risk of COVID-19 mortality, are living in areas with the highest vulnerability in Category 1 428 through 5, respectively. abstract: Background: The spread of coronavirus in the United States with nearly one million confirmed cases and over 53,000 deaths has strained public health and health care systems. While many have focused on clinical outcomes, less attention has been paid to vulnerability and risk of infection. In this study, we developed a planning tool that examines factors that affect vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods: Across 46 variables, we defined five broad categories: 1) access to medical, 2) underlying health conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters, and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. We also used reported rates for morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in other regions to estimate risk at the county (Harris County) and census tract levels. Analysis: A principal component analysis was undertaken to reduce the dimensions. Then, to identify vulnerable census tracts, we conducted rank-based exceedance and K-means cluster analyses. Results: Our study showed a total of 722,357 (~17% of the County population) people, including 171,403 between the ages of 45-65 (~4% of County population), and 76,719 seniors (~2% of County population), are at a higher risk based on the aforementioned categories. The exceedance and K-means cluster analysis demonstrated that census tracts in the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and northwestern regions of the County are at highest risk. The results of age-based estimations of hospitalization rates showed the western part of the County might be in greater need of hospital beds. However, cross-referencing the vulnerability model with the estimation of potential hospitalized patients showed that part of the County has the least access to medical facilities. Conclusion: Policy makers can use this planning tool to identify neighborhoods at high risk for becoming hot spots; efficiently match community resources with needs, and ensure that the most vulnerable have access to equipment, personnel, and medical interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089839 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089839 id: cord-351142-g20f6bxc author: Kiaghadi, Amin title: Assessing COVID-19 risk, vulnerability and infection prevalence in communities date: 2020-10-29 words: 6778.0 sentences: 313.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351142-g20f6bxc.txt summary: A finer spatial resolution is important from a vulnerability and risk standpoint as demonstrated in a recent study that showed that the poorest neighborhoods in Houston, Texas, might be at a higher risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 [14] based on an analysis of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) underlying risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases [4] that include: asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and a history of heart attacks or strokes. In this study, we develop a rigorous planning tool at the census tract level that examines influential determinants of vulnerability to COVID-19 in 5 broad categories (with 46 variables) that include: 1) access to medical services, 2) underlying medical conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Fig 9A shows the normalized total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases as of August 16, 2020, in Harris County at the census tract level. abstract: BACKGROUND: The spread of coronavirus in the United States with nearly five and half million confirmed cases and over 170,000 deaths has strained public health and health care systems. While many have focused on clinical outcomes, less attention has been paid to vulnerability and risk of infection. In this study, we developed a planning tool that examines factors that affect vulnerability to COVID-19. METHODS: Across 46 variables, we defined five broad categories: 1) access to medical services, 2) underlying health conditions, 3) environmental exposures, 4) vulnerability to natural disasters, and 5) sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle factors. The developed tool was validated by comparing the estimated overall vulnerability with the real-time reported normalized confirmed cases of COVID-19. ANALYSIS: A principal component analysis was undertaken to reduce the dimensions. In order to identify vulnerable census tracts, we conducted rank-based exceedance and K-means cluster analyses. RESULTS: All of the 5 vulnerability categories, as well as the overall vulnerability, showed significant (P-values <<0.05) and relatively strong correlations (0.203<ρ<0.57) with the normalized confirmed cases of COVID-19 at the census tract level. Our study showed a total of 722,357 (~17% of the County population) people, including 171,403 between the ages of 45–65 (~4% of County’s population), and 76,719 seniors (~2% of County population), are at a higher risk based on the aforementioned categories. The exceedance and K-means cluster analysis demonstrated that census tracts in the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and northwestern regions of the County are at highest risk. CONCLUSION: Policymakers can use this planning tool to identify neighborhoods at high risk for becoming hot spots; efficiently match community resources with needs, and ensure that the most vulnerable have access to equipment, personnel, and medical interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33119721/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241166 id: cord-305739-hr52e5iz author: Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel title: Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis date: 2020-04-25 words: 405.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305739-hr52e5iz.txt summary: Inuit communities are at high risk for respiratory infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because they are currently fighting another respiratory infection epidemic, tuberculosis. 1 COVID-19 has been reported in Inuit communities in Nunavik, Canada; however, no case of COVID-19 disease has been reported in Nunavut, Canada. In Clyde River, Nunavut, the community is already implementing emergency readiness plans for the control of COVID-19. Community leadership together with a coordinated public health approach are needed to eliminate tuberculosis in Nunavut. WHO has recognised the need for community-driven responses and encourages implementation of innovative people-centred approaches to tuberculosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Equipped with culturally appropriate information and ownership of the resources needed to tackle COVID-19 and tuberculosis, Inuit communities can protect and prepare their members. Elsewhere, communities that are given adequate resources and implement prevention and treatment strategies can win the fight against COVID-19 and tuberculosis. We can pass the flame: a community first approach to tuberculosis elimination in Nunavut abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339479/ doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30091-8 id: cord-252513-zwdy1h7j author: Kiely, Daniel J. title: Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-30 words: 1338.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252513-zwdy1h7j.txt summary: title: Health care team training and simulation-based education in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic ABSTRACT Health care team training and simulation-based education are important for preparing obstetrical services to meet the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the impact of infection prevention and control protocols on processes of care (e.g., appropriate and correct use of personal protective equipment, patient transport, preparation for emergency cesarean delivery with the potential for emergency intubation, management of simultaneous obstetric emergencies, delivery in alternate locations in the hospital, potential for increased decision-to-delivery intervals, and communication with patients). This article outlines strategies (spatial, temporal, video-recording, video-conferencing, and virtual) to effectively engage in health care team training and simulation-based education while maintaining social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. virtual) to effectively engage in health care team training and simulation-based education while maintaining social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: ABSTRACT Health care team training and simulation-based education are important for preparing obstetrical services to meet the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Priorities for training are identified in two key areas. First, the impact of infection prevention and control protocols on processes of care (e.g., appropriate and correct use of personal protective equipment, patient transport, preparation for emergency cesarean delivery with the potential for emergency intubation, management of simultaneous obstetric emergencies, delivery in alternate locations in the hospital, potential for increased decision-to-delivery intervals, and communication with patients). And second, the effects of COVID-19 pathophysiology on obstetrical patients (e.g., testing and diagnosis, best use of modified obstetric early warning systems, approach to maternal respiratory compromise, collaboration with critical care teams, and potential need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation). However, such training is more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the requirements for social distancing. This article outlines strategies (spatial, temporal, video-recording, video-conferencing, and virtual) to effectively engage in health care team training and simulation-based education while maintaining social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2020.05.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.05.007 id: cord-331858-oz4mvyw8 author: Kifer, D. title: Effects of environmental factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 5518.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331858-oz4mvyw8.txt summary: Aiming to evaluate the association of humidity, and ambient temperature with the severity of the COVID-19 disease, we analysed individual-patient data for 6,914 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Bergamo, Italy: Barcelona, Spain; Coburg, Germany; Helsinki, Finland; Milan, Italy; Nottingham, United Kingdom; Warsaw, Poland; Zagreb, Croatia and Zhejiang province, China since the beginning of the pandemics and compared it to environmental temperature and calculated indoor humidity. It is very difficult to prove causality in an observational study, in particular when many correlated factors are changed in the same time, but the observed decrease in COVID-19 severity with the end of winter fits very well with the known effects of outside temperature on indoor humidity and consequential restoration of mucosal barrier function, which is often impaired by dry air during the heating season 16 . abstract: Background Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2 this still needs to be documented. Methods We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,911 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application. Findings Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in eight European hospitals estimated odds ratios per one day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973-0.988, p<0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of one degree Celsius to be 0.854 (0.773-0.944, p=0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to Intensive Care Unit and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time. Interpretation Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance can significantly decrease viral load and disease progression, and their inactivation by low relative humidity of indoor air might significantly contribute to severity of the disease. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.11.20147157v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.11.20147157 id: cord-318979-1t68f5pp author: Kihira, Shingo title: Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 words: 335.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318979-1t68f5pp.txt summary: key: cord-318979-1t68f5pp title: Fatal cerebral infarct in a child with COVID-19 cord_uid: 1t68f5pp Over the next 4 days his condition improved. Emergent decannulation was performed and a head CT (Fig. 1 ) revealed a large acute right anterior and middle cerebral artery territory infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left hemisphere. Neurologic exam demonstrated Fig. 1 Axial non-contrast head CT in a 5-year-old boy with recent COVID-19 infection demonstrates massive right anterior and middle cerebral artery infarction (asterisk) and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left hemisphere (arrows) absent corneal, gag and pupillary responses and no movement to painful stimuli. This is an unfortunate case of a healthy 5-year-old boy with COVID-19 infection complicated by cardiogenic shock and hypercoagulable state. The combination of cardiogenic shock and hypercoagulable state presumably contributed to the massive cerebral infarction, with the contributing role of ECMO cannulation uncertain. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04779-x doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04779-x id: cord-338415-6tmk7l89 author: Kihira, Shingo title: Neurovascular complications that can be seen in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 words: 1906.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338415-6tmk7l89.txt summary: Hypercoagulable state has been described as one of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and has been reported to manifest as pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis of the abdominal small vessels. We present a series of cases of patients with COVID-19 presenting with intracranial and extracranial large vessel occlusions, intraparenchmal hemorrhage, and venous sinus thrombosis. Noncontrast head CT (Fig. 1 ) demonstrated subtle loss of gray-white differentiation in the right anterior middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 8. Subsequent MRI (Fig. 1d , e) demonstrated large acute infarct in the right MCA territory involving the right frontal-parietal-temporal lobes with associated cytotoxic edema and gyral swelling. These four cases include intracranial and extracranial large vessel occlusions, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and venous sinus thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, a few recently published case series have demonstrated ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in COVID-19 patients [19, [21] [22] [23] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a clinical manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Hypercoagulable state has been described as one of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and has been reported to manifest as pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis of the abdominal small vessels. Here we present cases of arterial and venous thrombosis pertaining to the head and neck in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.011 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.011 id: cord-266055-ki4gkoc8 author: Kikkisetti, S. title: Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-09-02 words: 3433.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266055-ki4gkoc8.txt summary: title: Deep-learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID19 lung infection on portable chest radiographs This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify COVID-19 lung infections on pCXR from normal and related lung infections to potentially enable more timely and accurate diagnosis. This retrospect study employed deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning to classify based on pCXRs COVID-19 pneumonia (N=455) on pCXR from normal (N=532), bacterial pneumonia (N=492), and non-COVID viral pneumonia (N=552). Deep-learning convolutional neural network with transfer learning accurately classifies COVID-19 on portable chest x-ray against normal, bacterial pneumonia or non-COVID viral pneumonia. The goal of this pilot study is to employ deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify normal, bacterial infection, and non-COVID-19 viral infection (such as influenza) All rights reserved. In conclusion, deep learning convolutional neural networks with transfer learning accurately classify COVID-19 pCXR from pCXR of normal, bacterial pneumonia, and non-COVID viral pneumonia patients in a multiclass model. abstract: Portable chest x-ray (pCXR) has become an indispensable tool in the management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lung infection. This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to classify COVID-19 lung infections on pCXR from normal and related lung infections to potentially enable more timely and accurate diagnosis. This retrospect study employed deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning to classify based on pCXRs COVID-19 pneumonia (N=455) on pCXR from normal (N=532), bacterial pneumonia (N=492), and non-COVID viral pneumonia (N=552). The data was split into 75% training and 25% testing. A five-fold cross-validation was used. Performance was evaluated using receiver-operating curve analysis. Comparison was made with CNN operated on the whole pCXR and segmented lungs. CNN accurately classified COVID-19 pCXR from those of normal, bacterial pneumonia, and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia patients in a multiclass model. The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 0.79, 0.93, and 0.79, 0.85 respectively (whole pCXR), and were 0.91, 0.93, 0.88, and 0.89 (CXR of segmented lung). The performance was generally better using segmented lungs. Heatmaps showed that CNN accurately localized areas of hazy appearance, ground glass opacity and/or consolidation on the pCXR. Deep-learning convolutional neural network with transfer learning accurately classifies COVID-19 on portable chest x-ray against normal, bacterial pneumonia or non-COVID viral pneumonia. This approach has the potential to help radiologists and frontline physicians by providing more timely and accurate diagnosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.02.20186759 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186759 id: cord-254177-jzdy1aq2 author: Kilaru, Austin S. title: Return Hospital Admissions Among 1419 Covid‐19 Patients Discharged from Five US Emergency Departments date: 2020-08-27 words: 1931.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254177-jzdy1aq2.txt summary: While many patient 18 characteristics, co-morbidities, and diagnostic tests have been evaluated as risk 19 factors for severe Covid-19 infection, we sought to include risk factors relevant to 20 patients being considered for ED discharge and ensure the robustness of the 21 model by limiting the number of covariates. Three additional risk factors were 6 associated with increased odds of return hospital admission within 7 days of the 7 index ED encounter: hypertension (AOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 to 2.0), obesity (AOR 8 1.5; 95%CI 1.1 to 2.0), and age between 41-59 years (AOR 2.1; 95%CI 1.6 to 9 2.8). 10 11 To our knowledge, no prior study has evaluated the outcome of return hospital 12 admission in patients with Covid-19 following ED discharge. Sixth, 17 we did not include the full range of potential risk factors as covariates in the 18 model that may be associated with return hospital admission. abstract: Although many ED patients with known or suspected Covid‐19 require hospital admission, the majority are discharged home. Concern for surges in hospital occupancy compel emergency providers to preserve inpatient resources and discern which patients benefit most from admission. Even in the absence of surge conditions, patients may prefer to recover at home if safe to do so. However, some patients with Covid‐19 experience delayed decompensation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853423/ doi: 10.1111/acem.14117 id: cord-300310-21llzfxz author: Kilham, Henry A title: COVID‐19 apocalypse for children: Predictable, preventable? date: 2020-08-24 words: 698.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300310-21llzfxz.txt summary: In his editorial Apocalypse Perhaps, the Editor-in-Chief gives us a fine and balanced analysis of the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary, then, is restricted to considering children and young people, and essentially argues that these age groups can reasonably be predicted to face an apocalypse from the downstream economic effects of the pandemic. First, although, is the joyous fact that it is very rare for children and young people to suffer severe disease and die from COVID-19. How much worse would it be if children died more often than much older people, or if deaths were across all ages? 2 So children and young people, then? Yet the damage to children and young people if we have a prolonged world-wide recession could be far greater, from the known direct consequences of severe poverty (Table 1) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15039 doi: 10.1111/jpc.15039 id: cord-326584-io2f52kn author: Killeen, G. title: Why lockdown? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the novel coronavirus date: 2020-04-20 words: 8767.0 sentences: 422.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326584-io2f52kn.txt summary: Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential for policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. abstract: Half the world's population is already under lock-down and the remainder will have to follow if the ongoing novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) virus pandemic is to be contained. Faced with such brutally difficult decisions, it is essential that as many people as possible understand (1) why lock-down interventions represent the only realistic way for individual countries to contain their national-level epidemics before they turn into public health catastrophes, (2) why these need to be implemented so early, so aggressively and for such extended periods, and (3) why international co-operation to conditionally re-open trade and travel between countries that have successfully eliminated local transmission represents the only way to contain the pandemic at global level. Here we present simplified arithmetic models of COVID-19 transmission, control and elimination in user-friendly Shiny and Excel formats that allow non-specialists to explore, query, critique and understand the containment decisions facing their country and the world at large. Based on parameter values representative of the United Republic of Tanzania, which is still early enough in its epidemic cycle and response to avert a national catastrophe, national containment and elimination with less than 10 deaths is predicted for highly rigorous lock down within 5 weeks of the first confirmed cases and maintained for 15 weeks. However, elimination may only be sustained if case importation from outside the country is comprehensively contained by isolating for three weeks all incoming travellers, except those from countries certified as COVID-free in the future. Any substantive relaxation of these assumptions, specifically shortening the lock-down period, less rigorous lock-down or imperfect importation containment, may facilitate epidemic re-initiation, resulting in over half a million deaths unless rigorously contained a second time. Removing contact tracing and isolation has minimal impact on successful containment trajectories because high incidence of similar mild symptoms caused by other common pathogens attenuates detection success of COVID-19 testing. Nevertheless, contact tracing is recommended as an invaluable epidemiological surveillance platform for monitoring and characterizing the epidemic, and for understanding the influence of interventions on transmission dynamics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.15.20066845v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066845 id: cord-314466-6j4vuqer author: Kim, A. S. title: Transformed time series analysis of first-wave COVID-19: universal similarities found in the Group of Twenty (G20) Countries date: 2020-06-14 words: 7654.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314466-6j4vuqer.txt summary: To investigate the universal similarities among the cumulative profiles of confirmed cases and deaths of 19 individual nations in the G20, a transformation algorithm of the time series data sets was developed with open-source software programs. After these statistical phenomena were viewed as identical events occurring at a distinct rate in each country, the reported algorithm of the data transformation using the reduced time revealed a nation-independent, universal profile (especially initial periods of the pandemic spread) from which a nation-specific, predictive estimation could be made and used to assist in immediate public-health policy-making. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128991 doi: medRxiv preprint CCC of the E6 Figure 2 (a) shows that not all E6 nations have a similar onset trend after a certain latency period, but most appear to follow Italy''s profile after their CCC numbers exceed approximately no more than 100, denoted here as the default CCC threshold ν c = 100. abstract: As of April 30, 2020, the number of cumulative confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases exceeded 3 million worldwide and 1 million in the US with an estimated fatality rate of more than 7 percent. Because the patterns of the occurrence of new confirmed cases and deaths over time are complex and seemingly country-specific, estimating the long-term pandemic spread is challenging. I developed a simple transformation algorithm to investigate the characteristics of the case and death time series per nation, and described the universal similarities observed in the transformed time series of 19 nations in the Group of Twenty (G20). To investigate the universal similarities among the cumulative profiles of confirmed cases and deaths of 19 individual nations in the G20, a transformation algorithm of the time series data sets was developed with open-source software programs. The algorithm was used to extract and analyze statistical information from daily updated COVID-19 pandemic data sets from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Two new parameters for each nation were suggested as factors for time-shifting and time-scaling to define reduced time, which was used to quantify the degree of universal similarities among nations. After the cumulative confirmed case and death profiles of a nation were transformed by using reduced time, most of the 19 nations, with few exceptions, had transformed profiles that closely converged to those of Italy after the onset of cases and deaths. The initial profiles of the cumulative confirmed cases per nation universally showed 3 - 4 week latency periods, during which the total number of cases remained at approximately ten. The latency period of the cumulative number of deaths was approximately half the latency number of cumulative cases, and subsequent uncontrollable increases in human deaths seemed unavoidable because the coronavirus had already widely spread. Immediate governmental actions, including responsive public-health policy-making and enforcement, are observed to be critical to minimize (and possibly stop) further infections and subsequent deaths. In the pandemic spread of infectious viral diseases, such as COVID-19 studied in this work, different nations show dissimilar and seemingly uncorrelated time series profiles of infected cases and deaths. After these statistical phenomena were viewed as identical events occurring at a distinct rate in each country, the reported algorithm of the data transformation using the reduced time revealed a nation-independent, universal profile (especially initial periods of the pandemic spread) from which a nation-specific, predictive estimation could be made and used to assist in immediate public-health policy-making. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.20128991v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128991 id: cord-305618-tq401g18 author: Kim, Beom Joon title: Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society date: 2020-05-12 words: 1451.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305618-tq401g18.txt summary: title: Management of Acute Stroke Patients Amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Scientific Statement of the Korean Stroke Society If hospitals and emergency rooms establish pre-arrival screening measures for COVID-19, including assessment of travel history and respiratory symptoms, it would save time for acute stroke care. Measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 transmission during acute stroke care in the emergency room in case of outof-hospital occurrence or at the place of onset in case of in-hospital stroke (1) All medical staff should use personal protective equipment (PPE), including full-sleeved gown, N95 respirator, eye protection (goggles or face shields), and gloves. Otherwise, designate an angiography suite for treating a stroke patient with COVID-19 and prepare isolation measures beforehand. It is recommended that each stroke center develops and updates an institutional protocol for providing safe and efficient stroke care amid the COVID-19 pandemic, based on its medical resources, local epidemics, and emerging prevention and treatment options against COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5853/jos.2020.01291 doi: 10.5853/jos.2020.01291 id: cord-286709-rend93ng author: Kim, D.H. title: Personal protective equipment availability and usage amongst pediatric otorhinolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey date: 2020-09-01 words: 2533.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286709-rend93ng.txt summary: METHODS: A survey of 13 questions was created collecting information on: basic demographics of practice, types of PPE used for procedures of varying aerosolization risk, access to positive air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and patient testing for SARS-CoV-2. This would aid the practitioners to take into account recommendations by the governing bodies, otolaryngologic colleagues practices and their local resources to request for lacking PPEs. Herein, we report a survey of global pediatric otolaryngology specialists to assess their usage and access to PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey captured information on basic demographics of practice, types of PPE used for procedures of varying aerosolization risk, access to positive air-purifying respirator J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (PAPR) and patient testing for SARS-CoV-2. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To survey a group of global pediatric otolaryngology specialists to assess their usage and access to personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A survey of 13 questions was created collecting information on: basic demographics of practice, types of PPE used for procedures of varying aerosolization risk, access to positive air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and patient testing for SARS-CoV-2. Pediatric otolaryngologists were invited to complete the survey via Whatsapp™. RESULTS: 96 responses were collected from 17 different countries. N95 was the most commonly utilized PPE when dealing with COVID-19 patients (64.2% - 81.9% depending on aerosolization risk of the procedure). Significantly higher use of PAPR was noted in high-risk aerosolization generating medical procedures, when compared to other risks. Face covering was used consistently (91.6%). Most respondents (78.1%, n=75) had access to PAPR or had at least requested it. The majority of patients (56.2%, n=54) was being tested for SARS-CoV-2 prior to procedures performed in operating rooms (OR); whereas, only 1.1% (n=1) of clinic patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of the history or symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Most pediatric otolaryngologists used N95 and some form of face covering (eg. goggles, face shields) when dealing with patients with COVID-19 positive status. PAPR was used in situations of high aerosolization risk. Majority of respondents were screening all patients prior to procedures in the operating room. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165587620304924?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110349 id: cord-280551-9hoxy5ok author: Kim, Donghee title: Predictors of Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: US Multi-center Study date: 2020-09-17 words: 3585.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280551-9hoxy5ok.txt summary: We performed survival analysis to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality and COVID-19 related mortality, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with CLD. The liver-specific factors associated with independent risk of higher overall mortality were alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.55), decompensated cirrhosis (HR 2.91 [1.70-5.00]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR 3.31 [1.53-7.16]). Future studies will be needed to analyze specific subgroups within the spectrum of alcohol liver disease (ALD) who are at higher risk for adverse outcomes with COVID-19. We identify decompensated cirrhosis, ALD, and HCC to be determinants of mortality in patients with CLD, and additionally show that Hispanic ethnicity is independently associated with severe COVID-19. In this large study of 867 patients from 21 centers across the US with CLD with COVID-19 we determine that patients with alcohol related liver disease (ALD), decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have a high risk for allcause mortality from COVID-19. abstract: Background Chronic liver disease (CLD) represents a major global health burden. We undertook this study to identify the factors associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CLD who acquire the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Methods We conducted a multi-center, observational cohort study across 21 institutions in the United States (US) of adult patients with CLD and laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and May 30, 2020. We performed survival analysis to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality and COVID-19 related mortality, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with CLD. Results Of the 978 patients in our cohort, 867 patients (mean age 56.9±14.5 years, 55% male) met inclusion criteria. The overall all-cause mortality was 14.0% (n = 121), and 61.7% (n = 535) had severe COVID-19. Patients presenting with diarrhea or nausea/vomiting were more likely to have severe COVID-19. The liver-specific factors associated with independent risk of higher overall mortality were alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.55), decompensated cirrhosis (HR 2.91 [1.70-5.00]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR 3.31 [1.53-7.16]). Other factors were increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and current smoker. Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 2.33 [1.47-3.70]) and decompensated cirrhosis (OR 2.50 [1.20-5.21]) were independently associated with risk for severe COVID-19. Conclusions The risk factors which predict higher overall mortality among patients with CLD and COVID-19 are ALD, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC. Hispanic ethnicity and decompensated cirrhosis are associated with severe COVID-19. Our results will enable risk stratification and personalization of the management of patients with CLD and COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.027 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.027 id: cord-289370-3n56low4 author: Kim, Hong Nyun title: A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock date: 2020-07-08 words: 1857.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289370-3n56low4.txt summary: We herein present our first case of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with COVID-19 infection who developed AMI with cardiogenic shock during hospitalization in intensive care unit. This is the first case of a patient with COVID-19 who underwent PCI for AMI complicating cardiogenic shock. Therefore, it is necessary to closely observe and properly test ECG, cardiac enzymes, and TTE (if suspected) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or underlying cardiovascular conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 15, 16 However, in real-world practice, it is possible to have a significant time delay between AMI diagnosis and the actual procedure because the primary PCI of a COVID-19 patient is accompanied by the possibility of COVID-19 transmission in hospital facilities, medical staff, and other patients. In our case, although he had AMI with cardiogenic shock, primary PCI was performed at the end of the scheduled procedures to minimize exposure of other patients. abstract: A 60-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease-2019 showed new onset ST-segment elevation in V1–V2 leads on electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme elevation in intensive care unit. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He was receiving mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe hypoxia. Two-D echocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities. We performed primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicating cardiogenic shock under hemodynamic support. He expired on the 16th day of admission because of cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure. Active surveillance and intensive treatment strategy are important for saving lives of COVID-19 patients with acute myocardial infarction. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e258 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e258 id: cord-031942-mfz313q0 author: Kim, Hye Kyung title: Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking, Avoidance, and Processing: A Multicountry Comparative Study date: 2020-09-13 words: 7760.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031942-mfz313q0.txt summary: Guided by the RISP model (Griffin et al., 1999) , the current study examines whether and how exposure to misinformation about COVID-19 prevention motivates or deters effortful seeking and processing of relevant information. Thus, we posit the following direct and indirect effects of misinformation exposure on information seeking and avoidance, as well as systematic and heuristic processing. Because misinformation on COVID-19 prevention is characterized by scientific uncertainty, we suggest that cultural differences in uncertainty avoidance may moderate the effect of misinformation exposure on information seeking and processing. Research Question 2 (RQ2): Do the direct and indirect effects of misinformation exposure on information seeking, avoidance, and processing differ between the United States and South Korea or Singapore? In predicting information avoidance, the direct effect of misinformation was significant across all three countries (Β US = .399, Β SG = .370, Β KR = .538, all p < .001), but the effect size significantly differed only between the U.S. and South Korea samples (p = .006; United States-Singapore comparison, p = .63). abstract: We examined the implications of exposure to misinformation about COVID-19 in the United States, South Korea, and Singapore in the early stages of the global pandemic. The online survey results showed that misinformation exposure reduced information insufficiency, which subsequently led to greater information avoidance and heuristic processing, as well as less systematic processing of COVID-19 information. Indirect effects differ by country and were stronger in the U.S. sample than in the Singapore sample. This study highlights negative consequences of misinformation during a global pandemic and addresses possible cultural and situational differences in how people interpret and respond to misinformation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492825/ doi: 10.1177/1075547020959670 id: cord-353648-rl9dts7l author: Kim, Hyun Joo title: Guidelines for the control and prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in surgical and anesthetic settings date: 2020-05-12 words: 1553.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353648-rl9dts7l.txt summary: (4) After completion of patient treatment or examination, and upon completion of any work that may involve contact with contaminants, including disinfection, cleaning, washing of instruments, and environmental disinfection, PPE must be removed, and hand hygiene must be performed (handwashing or disinfection) before leaving the area. If no humidification function is available, low-flow anesthesia (< 1-2 L/min) can be performed ( Fig. 1 ) (2) To prevent contamination of the anesthesia machine by a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, a high-quality viral filter should be installed between the patient''s respiratory tract and the breathing circuit (as shown in the figure). If contamination of the anesthesia machine could not be prevented because of improper filter use or excessive secretion from the patient, disinfection of the inner components of the machine must be mandatorily performed. Cleaning and disinfection manual of Mindray anesthesia machine; https://www.youtube.com/playlist? Cleaning and disinfection manual of Draeger anesthesia machine; https:// www. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.20235 doi: 10.4097/kja.20235 id: cord-280917-j2a77fw3 author: Kim, Hyun-Sook title: Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: 977.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280917-j2a77fw3.txt summary: title: Self-care recommendations for patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic Adherence to strict personal hygiene rules and proper treatment are important for respiratory virus protection in patients with rheumatic diseases. Selfcare against COVID-19 for Koreans with rheumatic diseases includes conduct during infectious disease outbreaks, washing hands, precautions against airborne particles or droplets, universal facial mask use, avoiding people with a fever or symptoms and public places, being physically active inside, sun exposure, a regular diet, mental health, no smoking, treatment adherence, and caution regarding health supplement advertising. Patients with rheumatic diseases use a variety of immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory drugs administered under the supervision of a rheumatologist. Therefore, the KCR does not recommend taking health supplements for COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases. We do not know how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the long term. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32488428/ doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04614-4 id: cord-034058-8lokg6hs author: Kim, In Kyung title: The impact of social distancing on box-office revenue: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 7847.0 sentences: 404.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034058-8lokg6hs.txt summary: In this paper, I study the short-run effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 outbreak on movie demand and box-office revenue. Using multi-market data from the first week of January 2017 to the third week of February 2020, I first estimate a nested logit model of movie demand similar to those considered in the previous literature (Einav 2007; Moul 2007; Leung et al. Following these works, in this paper I consider the nested logit framework for movie demand estimation, but unlike them, I use multi-market data that allow me to estimate the varying effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on consumer utility and ticket sales in different markets. In this paper, I study the short-run impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Korean movie theater industry through the change in consumer behavior, quantifying the revenue loss due to consumers'' voluntary social distancing practices during the first five weeks after the outbreak. abstract: In this paper, I study the short-run effect of social distancing due to the COVID-19 outbreak on movie demand and box-office revenue. Using longitudinal data on the Korean movie theater industry, I first estimate a nested logit model of movie demand, and then quantify the revenue loss in the industry. Estimation results reveal that the revenue loss due to the decrease in underlying movie demand is approximately 52 million dollars nationwide during the first five weeks after the outbreak, implying a 34 percent decrease in sales. The results also suggest an additional 42 million dollars were lost as the delay of some major movies lowered the overall quality of available movies in the market. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575864/ doi: 10.1007/s11129-020-09230-x id: cord-318681-enq0j6dr author: Kim, Je Hyeong title: Experience of augmenting critical care capacity in Daegu during COVID-19 incident in South Korea date: 2020-05-31 words: 2704.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318681-enq0j6dr.txt summary: To establish a system for transferring and treat critically ill patients to other regions, KSCCM started to identify available ICU beds for COVID-19 critically ill patients and contact and discuss with the relevant government authorities [3] . After arriving at Daegu Dongsan Hospital, the medical team held a meeting with hospital officials to find out the current status of intensive care such as the number of critically ill patients and medical staffs, the size of ICUs, beds, facilities, and equipment. This medical collaboration is an unprecedented case in which local hospitals, professional medical staffs from an academic society, national medical institutions, private medical institutions, a healthcare NGO, and the Community Chest of Korea established a cooperative system to augment critical care capacity to treat critically ill patients in the face of disaster caused by a new infectious disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506876/ doi: 10.4266/acc.2020.00275 id: cord-286853-9gbel3pq author: Kim, Jiwon title: Prognostic Utility of Right Ventricular Remodeling Over Conventional Risk Stratification in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-10-27 words: 2125.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286853-9gbel3pq.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that confers augmented risk for right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and dilation; the prognostic utility of adverse RV remodeling in COVID-19 patients is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether adverse RV remodeling (dysfunction/dilation) predicts COVID-19 prognosis independent of clinical and biomarker risk stratification. Cardiac injury has also been reported to predict prognosis among COVID-19-infected patients, as evidenced by outcomes data that troponin elevation was present in 46% of nonsurvivors as opposed to 1% of survivors (5) and was associated with a >10-fold increased risk of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients (6) . Related to this, it is important to note that whereas our results demonstrate adverse RV remodeling to strongly predict mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, available study data was insufficient to establish the mechanism for RV dilation or dysfunction. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that confers augmented risk for right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and dilation; the prognostic utility of adverse RV remodeling in COVID-19 patients is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether adverse RV remodeling (dysfunction/dilation) predicts COVID-19 prognosis independent of clinical and biomarker risk stratification. METHODS: Consecutive COVID-19 inpatients undergoing clinical transthoracic echocardiography at 3 New York City hospitals were studied; images were analyzed by a central core laboratory blinded to clinical and biomarker data. RESULTS: In total, 510 patients (age 64 ± 14 years, 66% men) were studied; RV dilation and dysfunction were present in 35% and 15%, respectively. RV dysfunction increased stepwise in relation to RV chamber size (p = 0.007). During inpatient follow-up (median 20 days), 77% of patients had a study-related endpoint (death 32%, discharge 45%). RV dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49 to 4.43; p = 0.001) and dilation (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.96; p = 0.02) each independently conferred mortality risk. Patients without adverse RV remodeling were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.90; p = 0.041). RV indices provided additional risk stratification beyond biomarker strata; risk for death was greatest among patients with adverse RV remodeling and positive biomarkers and was lesser among patients with isolated biomarker elevations (p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate analysis, adverse RV remodeling conferred a >2-fold increase in mortality risk, which remained significant (p < 0.01) when controlling for age and biomarker elevations; the predictive value of adverse RV remodeling was similar irrespective of whether analyses were performed using troponin, D-dimer, or ferritin. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse RV remodeling predicts mortality in COVID-19 independent of standard clinical and biomarker-based assessment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092732/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.066 id: cord-300802-2y2oxss4 author: Kim, Judith title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes for Patients Admitted with Gastrointestinal Bleeding in New York City date: 2020-05-13 words: 848.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300802-2y2oxss4.txt summary: This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes for patients admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding at two affiliated hospitals in New York City, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic 2 . This was a retrospective cohort study of all adults ≥18 years of age admitted with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding from February 1, 2020 to April 24, 2020 at two hospitals in Northern Manhattan affiliated within a single healthcare system (Columbia University Irving Medical Center). This study aimed to characterize the impact of massive reorganization to hospital operations during the COVID-19 pandemic on outcomes for patients admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding at two hospitals in New York City. Patients admitted during the pandemic, even those without COVID-19, had more concerning laboratory findings on admission, were less likely to undergo inpatient endoscopy, more likely to be transfused, and had increased hospital length of stay. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0016508520306545 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.031 id: cord-295715-d8zrn42r author: Kim, Jungkeun title: Effect of COVID-19 on Preference for Private Dining Facilities in Restaurants date: 2020-07-21 words: 1932.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295715-d8zrn42r.txt summary: Abstract The present research investigates the effect of the perceived threat of the virus on the preference for private dining facilities. Based on Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) (Elliot, 2006) theory, the contagion effect (Argo, Dahl, & Morales, 2006) , and crisis management theory (Barton, 1994) , in this paper we examine the effect of the salience of COVID-19 on the preference for restaurants with private dining facilities or private tables. The high perceived threat of the COVID-19 pandemic will increase preference for a restaurant with private rooms. Study 1 investigated the main prediction about the effect of the perceived threat of the virus on the attitude towards the private dining restaurant. This research note provided four empirical studies investigating the effect of the perceived threat or salience of the virus on the preference for the private dining restaurant or dining table. abstract: Abstract The present research investigates the effect of the perceived threat of the virus on the preference for private dining facilities. Integrating the theories about the psychology of risk with research on preference for private dining, we predict that the prominence of the virus systematically increases preference for private dining. Four studies (N = 812) consistently support our prediction. Consumers who perceive the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic as high (vs. low) evaluate the private dining restaurant highly (Study 1) and the private dining table highly (Study 2). Moreover, the salience of the virus generates a preference for the private (vs. non-private) dining table (Study 3) and for the restaurant with private rooms (Study 4). In sum, this research suggests a strategy to recover from the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1447677020301789 doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.07.008 id: cord-264143-30h09e1k author: Kim, M. S. title: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. date: 2020-05-22 words: 2014.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264143-30h09e1k.txt summary: title: Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Managements for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for Systematic Review and Trade-Off Network Meta-Analysis. Therefore, in this network meta-analysis (NMA), we aim to compare the multiple treatment options that are currently being investigated for COVID-19 with the goal of synthesizing the scattered research results on the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19, determining which agents have demonstrated efficacy, and finally comparing agents against each other to determine which ones are most effective and safe for hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on data accrued so far. Strength of evidence (SoE) evaluates potential weaknesses that must be taken into account when interpreting the results including small sample size effect, unrealistically large or small odds ratios with extended 95% confidential intervals, high risk of bias of individuals studies composing individual outcomes, inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence, and several other reporting biases. abstract: Coronavirus-Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the clinical disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the infectious agent causing the ongoing pandemic that has impacted the lives of hundreds of millions of people in almost every nation worldwide. It is a potentially fatal disease to many vulnerable patients including the elderly and those with chronic illnesses; but because this virus is a novel one, there are no firmly established treatment protocols. Many treatment methods are being investigated worldwide, and scientific conclusions drawn from these endeavors are crucial for healthcare professionals in combating this disease. In this network meta-analysis, we focus specifically on the pharmacologic agents that have been investigated for the treatment of COVID-19 and aim to produce a comprehensive picture of the evidence from current data in order to produce relevant insights on the comparative efficacy and safety profiles of various pharmacologic agents against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20103697 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20103697 id: cord-034156-adcnahpn author: Kim, Michael G. title: Fatal Cerebral Edema in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 words: 837.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034156-adcnahpn.txt summary: Many patients with the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (PMIS) associated with COVID-19 present without respiratory symptoms. [1, 2] We present a pediatric patient with COVID-19 who experienced rapid neurologic deterioration, diffuse cerebral edema, and ultimately brain death secondary to PMIS. His serum inflammatory labs showed a normal procalcitonin, ferritin, and white blood cell count, but had an elevated C-reactive protein of 13 mg/dL (0.00-0.50 mg/dL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 38 mm/hr (0-15 mm/hr), and Ddimer of 6.54 mg/L (<0.59 mg/L). [3, 4] An overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause vascular injury, cell death, and increased vascular permeability, which could account for the cerebral edema in our patient. It is unclear why PMIS presents in a delayed fashion in pediatric patients who otherwise J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Kim 4 did not manifest the early stages of COVID-19. Pediatric COVID-associated Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome (PMIS) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581370/ doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.10.005 id: cord-281487-x0a9qgjs author: Kim, Min Young title: General Approach to the Clinical Care of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 Infection: Management for Transplant Recipients date: 2020-10-29 words: 5908.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281487-x0a9qgjs.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has led to unique challenges in solid organ transplantation as centers balance the risk of caring for immunosuppressed patients with the best timing and urgency of transplantation. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia were included Abbreviations: CHF, congestive heart failure; Because renal abnormalities are associated with a high risk of in-hospital death and appear to be more prevalent in transplant recipients [36] , serum creatinine and urinalysis should be monitored closely. Figure 1 shows a model for the management of solid organ transplant recipients during COVID-19 pandemic, based on recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Society of Transplantation (AST) [52, 61] . Transplant recipients with direct contact (< 6 ft for ≥ 15 min) with a COVID-19 infected individual should be quarantined for 14 days and consider testing for SARS-CoV-2 after exposure or if they develop symptoms [49, 52] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Insufficient knowledge about COVID-19 and the potential risks of COVID-19 are limiting organ transplantation in wait-listed candidates and deferring essential health care in solid organ transplant recipients. In this review, we expand the understanding and present an overview of the optimized management of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients. RECENT FINDINGS: Transplant recipients are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19. The unique characteristics of transplant recipients can make it more difficult to identify COVID-19. Based on the COVID-19 data to date and our experience, we present testing, management, and prevention methods for COVID-19. Comprehensive diagnostic tests should be performed to determine disease severity, phase of illness, and identify other comorbidities in transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19. Outpatients should receive education for preventative measures and optimal health care delivery minimizing potential infectious exposures. Multidisciplinary interventions should be provided to hospitalized transplant recipients for COVID-19 because of the complexity of caring for transplant recipients. SUMMARY: Transplant recipients should strictly adhere to infection prevention measures. Understanding of the transplant specific pathophysiology and development of effective treatment strategies for COVID-19 should be prioritized. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33145146/ doi: 10.1007/s40472-020-00305-y id: cord-262681-2voe4r7f author: Kim, Moon-Young title: Proposal of the Autopsy Guideline for Infectious Diseases: Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era (abridged translation) date: 2020-08-14 words: 6495.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262681-2voe4r7f.txt summary: The autopsy, one of the most important tools of forensic medicine, is also useful to infectious diseases because it identifies the causal relationship between death and infection, reveals medical and epidemiological knowledge, and provides objective evidence for legal disputes. Therefore, a guideline for the standard autopsy for infectious diseases is stated here, which aims to: 1) provide scientific grounds to establish appropriate plans for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, 2) contribute to improving national health by controlling the spread of pathogens within the community, and 3) protect human resources engaged in autopsy-related work from the risk of infection. In the case of personnel who participated in the autopsy of a body confirmed to be infected but the standard protocol was followed, there is no possibility of exposure, so only selfmonitoring of the symptoms and the minimizing of face-to-face contacts during the expected incubation period are required. abstract: With the rapidly spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past few months, the world is facing an unprecedented crisis. Innumerable lives have been lost to this novel infectious disease, the nature of which supersedes conventional medical understanding. The COVID-19 pandemic is not just a global health crisis, several aspects of life in the post-COVID-19 era are also being contemplated. Experts in unison are warning that the upcoming changes in all areas of life could potentially be far more drastic than ever experienced in the entire human civilization. The medical community is no exception, and therefore, personnel involved in forensic medicine also need to be adequately prepared for the future. Forensic medicine is a branch of medicine dedicated to one of the most important stages of the human lifecycle and has always been at the forefront in times of unprecedented social change. The autopsy, one of the most important tools of forensic medicine, is also useful to infectious diseases because it identifies the causal relationship between death and infection, reveals medical and epidemiological knowledge, and provides objective evidence for legal disputes. We present new autopsy guidelines in forensic medicine, formulated based on the various infectious diseases that we presently live with and may encounter in the future. In formulation of these guidelines several considerations have been taken into account, namely, the role forensic pathologists should play in the post-COVID-19 era and the necessary preparations as well as the support needed from society to fulfill that role. The present COVID-19 outbreak should be a starting point for formulating improvements in current practices in forensic science, including autopsy biosafety practices and the medicolegal death investigation system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830471/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e310 id: cord-254825-c5d0wul9 author: Kim, Sei Won title: Containment of a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea: A single-center experience date: 2020-08-14 words: 3554.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254825-c5d0wul9.txt summary: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, contact history, and presence of respiratory symptoms in a single center with a healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak. We reviewed the history of patients to assess whether they visited China or other high-risk countries within two weeks prior to the outbreak of healthcare-associated COVID-19, or if they came into contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases. After SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed, the Seoul city government announced the closure of the hospital on February 21, 2020, to prevent a healthcare-associated outbreak. After the hospital staff member responsible for transporting patients was confirmed as the first COVID-19 case, people with contact history, fever, or respiratory symptoms were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR (Fig 2) . After the first case was reported, epidemiologists from KCDC and the infection control unit of our hospital reviewed electronic medical charts, CCTV, and personal movements to identify individuals with potential contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Our hospital experienced the first healthcare-associated COVID-19 outbreak in Seoul at the time the first COVID-19 cases were confirmed in Korea. The first confirmed COVID-19 patient was a hospital personnel who was in charge of transferring patients inside our hospital. To contain the virus spread, we shutdown our hospital, and tested all inpatients, medical staff members, and employees. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing according to the contact history, occupation, and presence of respiratory symptoms. Closed-circuit television (CCTV) was reviewed in the presence of an epidemiologist to identify individuals who came into contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: A total of 3,091 respiratory samples from 2,924 individuals were obtained. Among 2,924 individuals, two inpatients, and one caregiver tested positive (positivity rate, 0.1%). Although all confirmed cases were linked to a general ward designated for pulmonology patients, no medical staff members, medical support personnel, or employees working at the same ward were infected. Contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases was frequent among inpatients and medical support personnel. The most common contact area was the general ward for pulmonology patients and medical support areas, including clinical and imaging examination rooms. Finally, the total number of hospital-associated infections was 14, consisting of four diagnosed at our hospital and ten diagnosed outside the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The robust control of the COVID-19 outbreak further minimized the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital and local communities. However, there was also a debate over the appropriate period of hospital shutdown and testing of all hospital staff and patients. Future studies are required to refine and establish the in-hospital quarantine and de-isolation guidelines based on the epidemiological and clinical settings. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237692 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237692 id: cord-277564-x5qfxag3 author: Kim, Si-Hyun title: Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea date: 2020-10-24 words: 1310.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277564-x5qfxag3.txt summary: title: Infection prevention and control practices for emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in South Korea Patients with findings suggestive of COVID-19 should be placed in a negative-pressure isolation room in the ED until the results of the rRT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 are confirmed as negative. However, patients requiring emergency surgery before confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test results are evaluated for the risk of transmission by infectious disease specialists and the infection control team based on 3 criteria: clinical signs or symptoms, epidemiological risk, and chest radiological findings (Fig. 1 ). Patients who still have unconfirmed SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test at the end of the surgery are transferred to the cohort ward, a single room, or a negative-pressure isolation room according to their risk. abstract: • Proper risk assessment for COVID-19 should be implemented. • Appropriate infection prevention practices for perioperative management are important. -Hospitals should organize dedicated protocols considering its facilities and human resources. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405857220300887?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.10.007 id: cord-287470-otsts5c9 author: Kim, So Mi title: Perception and attitudes of medical students on clinical clerkship in the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 3684.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287470-otsts5c9.txt summary: DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with web-based 3-fields/14-items questionnaire was conducted, from April 7 to 14, 2020, to evaluate their self-assessed perception and attitudes on clerkship training of hospital practice under the COVID-19 outbreak and spread among 161 (78 on pre-clerkship course, 83 on clinical clerkship course) medical students at Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. CONCLUSIONS: In circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, educational strategies to clinical clerkship training for medical students should be developed to provide them with the opportunity to be actively involved in hospital practice under strict safety guidance focused on preventing virus infection and transmission. In this survey, the majority of medical students showed a positive attitude toward hospital practices at this time, despite concerns that clerkship training during the COVID-19 pandemic could spread the virus. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been placing severe strain on global healthcare systems and medical education programs, leading to growing demands for medical students to assume the role of preliminary healthcare providers. OBJECTIVES: To assess the perception and attitudes of medical students about clinical clerkship training during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with web-based 3-fields/14-items questionnaire was conducted, from April 7 to 14, 2020, to evaluate their self-assessed perception and attitudes on clerkship training of hospital practice under the COVID-19 outbreak and spread among 161 (78 on pre-clerkship course, 83 on clinical clerkship course) medical students at Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. RESULTS: Of the 151 medical students who completed the survey, 81 students (53.7%) considered themselves familiar with COVID-19. Although the students were concerned about the spread of the virus during clinical clerkship training, 118 (78.1%) students preferred the clerkship training in a hospital practice. The students in the clinical clerkship program preferred this over those in the pre-clerkship program (85.7% vs. 70.2%, P = 0.03), primarily because a clinical clerkship could not be replaced by an online class during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, their responses indicated, in order of significance, fear of not completing the clerkship course on time, willingness to participate as a preliminary healthcare provider in pandemic, the potential waste of tuition, and belief that a hospital is rather safe. The change in the academic calendar had not a positive impact on the lifestyles of many students. CONCLUSIONS: In circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, educational strategies to clinical clerkship training for medical students should be developed to provide them with the opportunity to be actively involved in hospital practice under strict safety guidance focused on preventing virus infection and transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1809929 doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1809929 id: cord-310190-405m9bco author: Kim, Tark title: Strategical Preparedness and Response Actions in the Healthcare System Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 according to Transmission Scenario in Korea date: 2020-07-22 words: 1731.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310190-405m9bco.txt summary: Depending on the epidemiological situation, each medical institution should systematically share the responsibility for patient screening, disposition and treatment according to clinical severity. Therefore, we suggest preparedness and response actions in the healthcare system against COVID-19 according to the transmission scenario in Korea on our experiences. The healthcare system of Korea is under a national health insurance system achieving universal coverage for all Korean citizens.The medical institutions are classified by the function, the number of beds and specialty departments as follows: public health centers, private clinic (<30 beds), hospital (30 -99 beds), general hospital (≥100 beds, 6 -9 specialities) and tertiary carehospital (≥500 beds, ≥20 specialities) [5] . In the situation from scenario 3 and 4, ARIC is dedicated to screening for COVID-19 patients, so that other private clinics ordinarily maintain their care. abstract: The dynamic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires us to be efficient and flexible in resource utilization. The strategical preparedness and response actions of the healthcare system are the key component to contain COVID-19 and to decrease its case fatality ratio. Depending on the epidemiological situation, each medical institution should systematically share the responsibility for patient screening, disposition and treatment according to clinical severity. To overcome fast-paced COVID-19 pandemic, the government should be rapidly ready and primed for action according to the specific transmission scenario. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32757499/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.3.389 id: cord-262520-480kgpp2 author: Kim, Yun Jeong title: How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea’s explosive COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-30 words: 3968.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262520-480kgpp2.txt summary: title: How to keep patients and staff safe from accidental SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the emergency room: Lessons from South Korea''s explosive COVID-19 outbreak Conclusions: Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions: Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. 5 To prevent ER shutdown and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, many ERs in Daegu revised triage procedures and performed active surveillance and isolation and implemented a universal mask policy and comprehensive use of PPE, similar to our hospital. abstract: OBJECTIVES: We report our experience with an emergency room (ER) shutdown related to an accidental exposure to a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had not been isolated. SETTING: A 635-bed, tertiary-care hospital in Daegu, South Korea. METHODS: To prevent nosocomial transmission of the disease, we subsequently isolated patients with suspected symptoms, relevant radiographic findings, or epidemiology. Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-PCR) were performed for most patients requiring hospitalization. A universal mask policy and comprehensive use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were implemented. We analyzed effects of these interventions. RESULTS: From the pre-shutdown period (February 10–25, 2020) to the post-shutdown period (February 28 to March 16, 2020), the mean hourly turnaround time decreased from 23:31 ±6:43 hours to 9:27 ±3:41 hours (P < .001). As a result, the proportion of the patients tested increased from 5.8% (N=1,037) to 64.6% (N=690) (P < .001) and the average number of tests per day increased from 3.8±4.3 to 24.7±5.0 (P < .001). All 23 patients with COVID-19 in the post-shutdown period were isolated in the ER without any problematic accidental exposure or nosocomial transmission. After the shutdown, several metrics increased. The median duration of stay in the ER among hospitalized patients increased from 4:30 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 2:17–9:48) to 14:33 hours (IQR, 6:55–24:50) (P < .001). Rates of intensive care unit admissions increased from 1.4% to 2.9% (P = .023), and mortality increased from 0.9% to 3.0% (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729441/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.376 id: cord-316632-rr9f88oi author: Kimura, Yurika title: Society of swallowing and dysphagia of Japan: Position statement on dysphagia management during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-23 words: 3098.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316632-rr9f88oi.txt summary: On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including "terminology", "clinical swallowing assessment and examination", "swallowing therapy", "oral care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", "tracheotomy care", and "nursing care". The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. 48 This statement is arranged into separate sections provid-49 ing information and advice considering the COVID-19 out-50 break, including "clinical swallowing assessment and ex-51 amination", "dysphagia rehabilitation", "oral care", "nursing 52 care", "surgical procedure for dysphagia", and "tracheotomy 53 care". abstract: On April 14, the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan (SSDJ) proposed its position statement on dysphagia treatment considering the ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are physical contact with infected persons and exposure to respiratory droplets. In cases of infection, the nasal cavity and nasopharynx have the highest viral load in the body. Swallowing occurs in the oral cavity and pharynx, which correspond to the sites of viral proliferation. In addition, the possibility of infection by aerosol transmission is also concerning. Dysphagia treatment includes a broad range of clinical assessments and examinations, dysphagia rehabilitation, oral care, nursing care, and surgical treatments. Any of these can lead to the production of droplets and aerosols, as well as contact with viral particles. In terms of proper infection control measures, all healthcare professionals involved in dysphagia treatment must be fully briefed and must appropriately implement all measures. In addition, most patients with dysphagia should be considered to be at a higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 because they are elderly and have complications including heart diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. This statement establishes three regional categories according to the status of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accordingly, the SSDJ proposes specific infection countermeasures that should be implemented considering 1) the current status of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the region, 2) the patient status of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 3) whether the examinations or procedures conducted correspond to aerosol-generating procedures, depending on the status of dysphagia treatment. This statement is arranged into separate sections providing information and advice in consideration of the COVID-19 outbreak, including “terminology”, “clinical swallowing assessment and examination“, “swallowing therapy”, “oral care”, “surgical procedure for dysphagia”, “tracheotomy care”, and “nursing care”. In areas where SARS-CoV-2 infection is widespread, sufficient personal protective equipment should be used when performing aerosol generation procedures. The current set of statements on dysphagia management in the COVID-19 outbreak is not an evidence-based clinical practice guideline, but a guide for all healthcare workers involved in the treatment of dysphagia during the COVID-19 epidemic to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0385814620301656 doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.07.009 id: cord-325794-lir8ht2i author: Kinar, Y. title: Predicting individual risk for COVID19 complications using EMR data date: 2020-06-05 words: 3215.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325794-lir8ht2i.txt summary: the use of an existing EMR-based model for predicting complications due to influenza combined with available epidemiological data to create a model that identifies individuals at high risk to develop complications due to COVID-19 and b. The available dataset for COVID-based model included a total 2137 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals who were either not hospitalized (n=1658), or hospitalized and marked as mild (n=332), or as having moderate (n=83) or severe (n=64) complications. Here, we describe two approaches and tools to assess the individual risk of developing COVID-19 complications based on medical records: a model developed by combining a machinelearning approach for influenza-like illness (ILI) to be used as a proxy model for COVID-19 and a second model using data on COVID-19 patients. As an initial prior we used the information based on COVID-19 mortality available from China [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-age-sex-demographics/] as proxy for complications probabilities (appendix table 1). abstract: Background: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has challenged healthcare organizations and caused numerous deaths and hospitalizations worldwide. The need for data-based decision support tools for many aspects of controlling and treating the disease is evident but has been hampered by the scarcity of real-world reliable data. Here we describe two approaches: a. the use of an existing EMR-based model for predicting complications due to influenza combined with available epidemiological data to create a model that identifies individuals at high risk to develop complications due to COVID-19 and b. a preliminary model that is trained using existing real world COVID-19 data. Methods: We have utilized the computerized data of Maccabi Healthcare Services a 2.3 million member state-mandated health organization in Israel. The age and sex matched matrix used for training the XGBoost ILI-based model included, circa 690,000 rows and 900 features. The available dataset for COVID-based model included a total 2137 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals who were either not hospitalized (n=1658), or hospitalized and marked as mild (n=332), or as having moderate (n=83) or severe (n=64) complications. Findings: The AUC of our models and the priors on the 2137 COVID-19 patients for predicting moderate and severe complications as cases and all other as controls, the AUC for the ILI-based model was 0.852[0.824-0.879] for the COVID19-based model - 0.872[0.847-0.879].. Interpretation: These models can effectively identify patients at high-risk for complication, thus allowing optimization of resources and more focused follow up and early triage these patients if once symptoms worsen. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.03.20121574v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20121574 id: cord-258019-njky7v5x author: Kinaret, Pia A.S. title: Covid-19 acute responses and possible long term consequences: What nanotoxicology can teach us date: 2020-08-10 words: 1359.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258019-njky7v5x.txt summary: However, similarities between the responses to SARS-CoV-2 and certain nanomaterials suggest fibrotic pulmonary disease as a concern for public health in the next future. Also rigid multi-walled carbon nanotubes (rMWCNT), among other nanomaterials, induce innate immune response by activation of NF-κB, STAT3 and HIF-1/2, and consequent cytokine cascade [15, 16] . As the Covid-19 disease progresses, massive damage of the pulmonary tissue occurs by induction of an uncontrolled innate immune response, mainly mediated by M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages and granulocytes. Moreover, up-regulation of antigen processing pathways, RIG-1 and several viral-induced human disease pathways have been reported consequently to carbon nanomaterial exposure, both in vitro [23] and in murine lung in vivo [19, 24] . On the other hand, certain nanoparticles might induce lung fibrosis by a combination of metabolic tissue damage and primary activation of the innate immune cells. Here we summarized noticeable cellular and molecular similarities between the acute responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and certain nanomaterials exposure. abstract: Long-term effects of Covid-19 disease are still poorly understood. However, similarities between the responses to SARS-CoV-2 and certain nanomaterials suggest fibrotic pulmonary disease as a concern for public health in the next future. Cross-talk between nanotoxicology and other relevant disciplines can help us to deploy more effective Covid-19 therapies and management strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834832/ doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100945 id: cord-266469-n484zqq1 author: King, Michael J. title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 words: 4127.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt summary: title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system Data is rapidly emerging given the novel nature of this devastating disease, with a paucity of published reports investigating abdominal presenting symptoms and subsequent CT imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study is to describe the demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In this study, we described demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a population of COVID-19 patients who presented to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In conclusion, we report demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a group of patients presenting to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints who were found to have COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic, clinical, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal complaints. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 76 COVID-19 patients who underwent abdominal CT for abdominal complaints from March 1 to April 15, 2020, in a large urban multihospital Health System were included. Those with positive abdominal CT findings (n = 14) were then excluded, with 62 patients undergoing final analysis (30M/32F; median age 63 years, interquartile range (IQR) 52–75 years, range 30–90 years). Demographic and clinical data were extracted. CT lung base assessment was performed by a cardiothoracic radiologist. Data were compared between discharged and hospitalised patients using Wilcoxon or Fisher’s exact tests. RESULTS: The majority of the population was non-elderly (56.4%, < 65 years) and most (81%) had underlying health conditions. Nineteen percent were discharged and 81% were hospitalised. The most frequent abdominal symptoms were pain (83.9%) and nausea/vomiting/anorexia (46.8%). Lung base CT findings included ground-glass opacities (95.2%) in a multifocal (95.2%) and peripheral (66.1%) distribution. Elevated laboratory values (when available) included C-reactive protein (CRP) (97.3%), D-dimer (79.4%), and ferritin (68.8% of males and 81.8% of females). Older age (p = 0.045), hypertension (p = 0.019), and lower haemoglobin in women (p = 0.042) were more frequent in hospitalised patients. There was no difference in lung base CT findings between discharged and hospitalised patients (p > 0.165). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients can present with abdominal symptoms, especially in non-elderly patients with underlying health conditions. Lung base findings on abdominal CT are consistent with published reports. Radiologists should be aware of atypical presentations of COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • COVID-19 infected patients can present with acute abdominal symptoms, especially in non-elderly patients with underlying health conditions, and may frequently require hospitalisation (81%). • There was no difference in lung base CT findings between patients who were discharged and those who were hospitalised. • Lung base CT findings included multifocal and peripheral ground-glass opacities, consistent with published reports. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z id: cord-345510-togrmvlk author: Kinney, Brad title: Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff date: 2020-05-27 words: 1228.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345510-togrmvlk.txt summary: title: Rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrests to mitigate COVID-19 exposure to emergency department staff The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced numerous challenges for Health Care Professionals including exposing Emergency Department (ED) staff to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). We propose a novel technique for rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrest patients while en route from the ambulance bay to the resuscitation bay to further decrease the risk of viral aerosolization. 5 We present a case of an outdoor non-compression intubation of a patient in cardiac arrest to minimize COVID-19 exposure to staff while still providing standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). Non-compression intubation is suggested by ED resuscitation experts and the American Heart Association (AHA) to minimize COVID-19 exposure to staff. 5 The AHA recommends that the "provider…with the best chance of first-pass success" should perform the intubations in suspected COVID-19 infected patients in cardiac arrest. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced numerous challenges for Health Care Professionals including exposing Emergency Department (ED) staff to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Recent guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) prioritize early intubation with viral filter placement to minimize hospital staff exposure. We propose a novel technique for rapid outdoor non-compression intubation (RONCI) of cardiac arrest patients while en route from the ambulance bay to the resuscitation bay to further decrease the risk of viral aerosolization. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S073567572030437X doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.080 id: cord-291188-ddw6ir08 author: Kip, K. E. title: Temporal Changes in Clinical Practice with COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Potential Explanations for Better In-Hospital Outcomes date: 2020-09-29 words: 3452.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291188-ddw6ir08.txt summary: Our observed practice pattern of more frequent use of steroids is also consistent with a recently published (September 2, 2020) meta-analysis of six trials involving random assignment of different steroids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone) compared to placebo, and approximately 30% lower risk of 28-day mortality among patients treated with steroids. An obvious question that arises from the present analysis is to what extent did the recent changes in clinical practice (e.g. greater use and earlier initiation of steroids and anticoagulants) lead to overall lower rates of mechanical ventilation and hospital mortality, as well shorter length of hospital stay? Recently treated hospitalized COVID-19 patients in our large health care system have overall lower rates of mechanical ventilation/in-hospital mortality and shorter length of hospital stay compared to earlier intervals. abstract: Background/Aims: We reviewed demographic and clinical profiles, along with measures of hospital-based clinical practice to identify temporal changes in clinical practice that may have affected in-hospital outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Methods: Data consisted of sociodemographic and clinical data captured in University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic medical record (EMR) systems, linked by common variables (deidentified). The analysis population included hospitalized patients (across 21 hospitals) with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection during the period March 14-August 31, 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital mechanical ventilation/mortality. We compared temporal trends in patient characteristics, clinical practice, and hospital outcomes using 4 time-defined epochs for calendar year 2020: March 14-March 31 (epoch 1); April 1-May 15, (epoch 2), May 16-June 28 (epoch 3); and June 29-August 31 (epoch 4). We report unadjusted survival estimates, followed by propensity score analyses to adjust for differences in patient characteristics, to compare in-hospital outcomes of epoch 4 patients (recently treated) to epoch 1-3 patients (earlier treated). Results: Mean number of hospital admissions was 9.9 per day during epoch 4, which was ~2- to 3-fold higher than the earlier epochs. Presenting characteristics of the 1,076 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were similar across the 4 epochs, including mean age. The crude rate of mechanical ventilation/mortality was lower in epoch 4 patients (17%) than in epoch 1-3 patients (23% to 35%). When censoring for incomplete patient follow-up, the rate of mechanical ventilation/mortality was lower in epoch 4 patients (p<0.0001), as was the individual component of mechanical ventilation (p=0.0002) and mortality (p=0.02). In propensity score adjusted analyses, the in-hospital relative risk (RR) of mechanical ventilation/mortality was lower in epoch 4 patients (RR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.93). For the outcome being discharged alive within 3, 5, or 7 days of admission, adjusted odds ranged from 1.6- to 1.7-fold higher among epoch 4 patients compared to earlier treated patients. The better outcomes in epoch 4 patients were principally observed in patients under the age of 75 years. Patient level dexamethasone use was 55.6% in epoch 4 compared to 15% or less of patients in the earlier epochs. Most patients across epochs received anticoagulation drugs (principally heparin). Overall steroid (81.7% vs. 54.3%, p<0.0001) and anticoagulation use (90.4% vs. 80.7%, p=0.0001) was more frequent on the day or day after hospitalization in epoch 4 patients compared to earlier treated patients. Conclusions: In our large system, recently treated hospitalized COVID-19 patients had lower rates of in-hospital mechanical ventilation/mortality and shorter length of hospital stay. Alongside of this was a change to early initiation of glucocorticoid therapy and anticoagulation. The extent to which the improvement in patient outcomes was related to changes in clinical practice remains to be established. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.29.20203802v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20203802 id: cord-255908-gcttlpxm author: Kiprov, Dobri title: Immunomodulation for the Management of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-27 words: 591.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255908-gcttlpxm.txt summary: Convalescent plasma provides passive immunity and has been used for the prophylaxis and treatment of a number of infectious diseases, including recent epidemics with SARS-Cov-1, Ebola and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). 1 Small studies from China have demonstrated that infusion of convalescent plasma from people who have recovered from COVID-19 is safe and results in reduction of viral load and improved clinical outcome. 3 Since parabiosis is not possible in humans, therapeutic plasma exchange, (TPE) has been proposed as an alternative because it has a multifaceted immunomodulatory effect. 5 We believe that TPE with a combination of 5% albumin and convalescent plasma replacement at the end of the procedure can be a valuable treatment option for COVID-19 patients and warrants a comparison trial with simple convalescent plasma infusion. Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2020.102856 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102856 id: cord-302947-flgwxc57 author: Kipshidze, Nicholas title: Targeted, Site-Specific, Delivery Vehicles of Therapeutics for COVID-19 Patients. Brief Review date: 2020-09-16 words: 2142.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302947-flgwxc57.txt summary: In this review we have outlined various target directed approaches which include microbubbles, extracellular vesicles including exosomes, adenosine nanoparticles, novel bio-objects, direct aerosol targeted pulmonary delivery and catheter-based drug delivery with reference to their relative effectiveness for the specific lesions. 3, 4 Considering that COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs in patients with ARDS, 5 we propose a targeted drug delivery strategy using different types of drug delivery vehicles including microbubbles, extracellular vesicles (EV), nanoparticle drug carriers, liposomes, viral vectors, perfluorocarbon droplets, catheter-based and aerosol-based approaches. Microbubbles specifically have shown to adhere to sites of damaged vascular endothelium and thus may be a method of systemically targeting delivery of therapeutics to damaged lungs with SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations through well-designed, timely clinical studies for targeted site-specific therapy will demonstrate evidence toward the best carriers, delivery methods, and approach (i.e. combination systemic and local delivery versus stand-alone). abstract: Definitive pharmacological therapies for COVID-19 have yet to be identified. Several hundred trials are ongoing globally in the hope of a solution. However, nearly all treatments rely on systemic delivery but COVID-19 damages the lungs preferentially. The use of a targeted delivery approach is reviewed where engineered products are able to reach damaged lung tissue directly, which includes catheter-based and aerosol-based approaches. In this review we have outlined various target directed approaches which include microbubbles, extracellular vesicles including exosomes, adenosine nanoparticles, novel bio-objects, direct aerosol targeted pulmonary delivery and catheter-based drug delivery with reference to their relative effectiveness for the specific lesions. Currently several trials are ongoing to determine the effectiveness of such delivery systems alone and in conjunction with systemic therapies. Such approaches may prove to be very effective in the controlled and localized COVID-19 viral lesions in the lungs and potential sites. Moreover, localized delivery offered a safer delivery mode for such drugs which may have systemic adverse effects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32936689/ doi: 10.1177/1076029620954911 id: cord-029906-vfkqmri7 author: Kirigia, Joses Muthuri title: The monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Turkey date: 2020-07-08 words: 2617.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029906-vfkqmri7.txt summary: Monetary valuation of human life is useful in quantifying the size of disease burden in dollar terms 13 , building a justification for intervention programmes and research 13 and advocacy for increased investments 14 to bridge gaps in IHR capacities, UHC, and safely managed water and sanitation services. This study replicates the human capital approach (HCA) methodology proposed by Weisbrod in 1961 18 The monetary value for human life losses accruing to each k th age group (MVHL k=1,.,9 ) is the sum of the product of discount factor, years of life lost, net GDP per capita, and the number of COVID-19 deaths in an age group 15 . Analysis assuming Turkey''s mean life expectancy of 78.45 years and a 3% discount rate As depicted in Table 2 The total monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 was equivalent to 0.045% of the total GDP for Turkey. abstract: Background: This study aimed to appraise the monetary value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 in Turkey. To our knowledge, it is the first study in Turkey to value human life losses associated with COVID-19. Methods: A human capital approach (HCA) model was applied to estimate the total monetary value of the 4,807 human lives lost in Turkey (TMVHL) from COVID-19 by 15 June 2020. The TMVHL equals the sum of monetary values of human lives lost (MVHL) across nine age groups. The MVHL accruing to each age group is the sum of the product of discount factor, years of life lost, net GDP per capita, and the number of COVID-19 deaths in an age group. The HCA model was re-calculated five times assuming discount rates of 3%, 5%, and 10% with a national life expectancy of 78.45 years; and the world highest life expectancy of 87.1 years and global life expectancy of 72 years with 3% discount rate. Results: The 4807 human life losses from COVID-19 had a TMVHL of Int$1,098,469,122; and a mean of Int$228,514 per human life. Reanalysis with 5% and 10% discount rates, holding national life expectancy constant, reduced the TMVHL by Int$167,248,319 (15.2%) and Int$ 429,887,379 (39%), respectively. Application of the global life expectancy reduced the TMVHL by 36.4%, and use of world highest life expectancy increased TMVHL by 69%. However, the HCA captures only the economic production losses incurred as a result of years of life lost. It ignores non-market contributions to social welfare and the adverse effects of economic activities. Conclusions: Additional investment is needed to bridge the persisting gaps in International Health Regulations capacities, Universal Health Coverage, and safely managed water and sanitation services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390608/ doi: 10.35241/emeraldopenres.13822.1 id: cord-266132-i57avso9 author: Kirksey, Lee title: Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans date: 2020-08-01 words: 1991.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266132-i57avso9.txt summary: Viewed holistically, multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of preexisting chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual provider and structural healthcare system bias. 14 Unfortunately, the fact that not all local, state and federal public health agencies are collecting race and ethnic data points will contribute to delays in reaching a complete understanding of the magnitude of this pandemic''s impact on Black communities ( Figure 1 ). 21 Viewed holistically multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of pre-existing chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual and structural healthcare system bias. abstract: Health and healthcare disparities are variances in the health of a population or the care rendered to a population. Disparities result in a disproportionately higher prevalence of disease or lower standard of care provided to the index group. Multiple theories exist regarding the genesis of this disturbing finding. The COVID-19 pandemic has had the unfortunate effect of amplifying health inequity in vulnerable populations. African Americans, who make up approximately 12% of the US population are reportedly being diagnosed with COVID-19 and dying at disproportionately higher rates. Viewed holistically, multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of preexisting chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual provider and structural healthcare system bias. Indeed, COVID-19 represents a pandemic superimposed on a historic epidemic of racial health inequity and healthcare disparities. Therapeutic solutions are not expected in the near term. Thus, identifying the genesis and magnitude of COVID-19's impact on African American communities is the requisite first step toward crafting an immediate well designed response. The mid and long term approach should incorporate population health based tactics and strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0027968420301413 doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.003 id: cord-279224-rwcvkhiy author: Kirmani, Salman title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric services at a referral centre in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting date: 2020-06-29 words: 1070.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279224-rwcvkhiy.txt summary: 2 Although most children are going to recover uneventfully from the infection, the impact of the disruption on the usual care of children such as school, sports and healthrelated activities including routine immunisations and preventative care visits is predicted to have severe consequences for the health of children in our part of the world. There is a gradual increase over the last few weeks, probably indicating that as the public slowly realises that this pandemic will last for some time to come, the potential risk of exposure becomes less of a factor compared with the perceived health benefits of visiting their child''s healthcare provider. It is essential to continue to spread public health awareness messages about how to prevent COVID-19 infection and about the importance of routine immunisations and seeking appropriate advice from healthcare providers when necessary. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319424 doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319424 id: cord-284910-vjcrhwqz author: Kirresh, Ali title: COVID-19 infection and high intracoronary thrombus burden date: 2020-07-30 words: 1773.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284910-vjcrhwqz.txt summary: Emerging evidence demonstrates a strong association with a pro-thrombotic state and we present the first patient admitted with COVID-19 and an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with evidence of high intracoronary thrombus burden. We review the mechanism of the high thrombus burden, which may be driven by the significant cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, increase risk of coronary plaque rupture and hypercoagulability. We present the first patient admitted with inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with evidence of high intracoronary thrombus burden and provide a review of potential underlying mechanisms. There are emerging theories regarding the mechanism of increased thrombus burden seen in COVID-19, central to which seems to be a significant proinflammatory state (8). Plaque rupture results in an increase in tissue factor (TF), collagen and platelet activation causing increased fibrin production and a higher thrombus burden (16) . abstract: Abstract Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease that has rapidly spread around the world and been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Emerging evidence demonstrates a strong association with a pro-thrombotic state and we present the first patient admitted with COVID-19 and an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with evidence of high intracoronary thrombus burden. We review the mechanism of the high thrombus burden, which may be driven by the significant cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, increase risk of coronary plaque rupture and hypercoagulability. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1553838920304590?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.07.032 id: cord-308085-x00c3eex author: Kirsch, David G. title: Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable date: 2020-05-12 words: 2279.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308085-x00c3eex.txt summary: As far as we are aware, there are only a small number of case series of patients with viral pneumonia treated with low dose thoracic radiation therapy that have been reported. Oppenheimer concluded that "roentgen therapy of virus pneumonia is useful mainly during the early stages of disease." These findings suggest that even if low dose thoracic radiotherapy has any efficacy in patients with COVID-19, it may not be useful in later stages of the disease once hypoxia or ARDS develop. The authors concluded that "roentgen therapy instituted 24 hours after viral inoculation of mice with swine influenza has no effect on the mortality of this disease." Taken together, these preclinical data are insufficient to support a clinical trial of low dose radiation therapy in patients with COVID-19. As there are currently no approved treatments for COVID-19, some have suggested that 0.5 to 1 Gy of whole thorax radiation therapy would present a very low risk to COVID-19 patients in a clinical trial [9] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32413531/ doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.060 id: cord-331520-o9e4qqn4 author: Kistler, Christine E. title: The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-26 words: 2724.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331520-o9e4qqn4.txt summary: The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings; this winter, SARS-CoV-2 will compound the usual viral infection challenges. This special article discusses unique considerations that COVID-19 brings to the health and well-being of residents and staff in nursing homes and other long-term care settings this winter. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza was the most concerning viral respiratory infection 27 for nursing home (NH) residents, with outbreaks requiring both treatment and prophylaxis, and 28 even causing some buildings to close to outsiders for brief periods of time. In 39 this special article, we discuss unique challenges that COVID-19 will bring to the health and 40 well-being of residents and staff in long-term care settings this winter. The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings, and 307 those challenges will be exacerbated with the second wave of COVID-19; as such, they present 308 numerous implications for practice, policy, and research. abstract: The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings; this winter, SARS-CoV-2 will compound the usual viral infection challenges. This special article discusses unique considerations that COVID-19 brings to the health and well-being of residents and staff in nursing homes and other long-term care settings this winter. Specific topics include preventing the spread of respiratory viruses, promoting immunization, and the diagnosis and treatment of suspected respiratory infection. Policy-relevant issues are discussed, including whether to mandate influenza immunization for staff, the availability and use of personal protective equipment, supporting staff if they become ill, and the distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. Research is applicable in all of these areas, including regarding the use of emerging electronic decision support tools. If there is a positive side to this year’s winter respiratory virus season, it is that staff, residents, family members, and clinicians will be especially vigilant about potential infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1525861020309221 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.030 id: cord-315772-jt3vjsqe author: Kivi, Marie title: Up and about: Older adults’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish longitudinal study date: 2020-06-30 words: 2998.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315772-jt3vjsqe.txt summary: METHODS: We analyzed annual changes in four aspects of wellbeing over five years (2015–2020): life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, self-rated health, and loneliness in a subsample (n=1071, aged 60–71) from a larger survey of Swedish older adults. RESULTS: 1) In relation to COVID-19: 44.9% worried about health, 69.5% about societal consequences, 25.1% about financial consequences; 86.4% perceived a high societal risk, 42.3% a high risk of infection, and 71.2% reported high levels of social distancing. Our study uses data from the longitudinal HEalth, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) project to investigate the early psychological effects of COVID-19 in a sample of older adults. Older adults aged 65-71 perceived high societal risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic; the majority reported having reduced close physical contact with others (social distancing), and were concerned A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t about adverse effects on social structures and the world economy. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic related to 1) levels of worry, risk perception, and social distancing; 2) longitudinal effects on wellbeing; and 3) effects of worry, risk perception, and social distancing on wellbeing. METHODS: We analyzed annual changes in four aspects of wellbeing over five years (2015–2020): life satisfaction, financial satisfaction, self-rated health, and loneliness in a subsample (n=1071, aged 60–71) from a larger survey of Swedish older adults. The 2020 wave, collected March 26–April 2, included measures of worry, risk perception, and social distancing in response to COVID-19. RESULTS: 1) In relation to COVID-19: 44.9% worried about health, 69.5% about societal consequences, 25.1% about financial consequences; 86.4% perceived a high societal risk, 42.3% a high risk of infection, and 71.2% reported high levels of social distancing. 2) Wellbeing remained stable (life satisfaction and loneliness) or even increased (self-rated health and financial satisfaction) in 2020 compared to previous years. 3) More worry about health and financial consequences was related to lower scores in all four wellbeing measures. Higher societal worry and more social distancing were related to higher wellbeing. DISCUSSION: In the early stage of the pandemic, Swedish older adults on average rated their wellbeing as high as, or even higher than, previous years. However, those who worried more reported lower wellbeing. Our findings speak to the resilience, but also heterogeneity, among older adults during the pandemic. Further research, on a broad range of health factors and long-term psychological consequences, is needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa084 doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa084 id: cord-257056-0z3qiz6p author: Kivuti-Bitok, L. W. title: System Dynamics Model of Possible Covid-19 Trajectories Under Various Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention Options in Low Resource Setting. date: 2020-10-08 words: 3840.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257056-0z3qiz6p.txt summary: We present a population-based System Dynamics Model (SDM) of possible Covid-19 trajectories under various intervention options in the uniqueness of Kenya. Since total lockdown of the country would not be feasible due to possible catastrophic social-economic impact, we assumed a scenario whereby the general population would is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint As demonstrated in Fig 11, realistic intervention levels of all the selected non pharmaceutical interventions; effectiveness of physical distancing and hand hygiene at 65%, curfew at 80%, quarantining at 80% and person to person contact at maximum of 30) would result to a delay of peak of Covid-19 cases from 178 th day since first confirmed infection to a peak of 246 th day allowing approximately 67 extra days for preparedness of health care system. abstract: We present a population-based System Dynamics Model (SDM) of possible Covid-19 trajectories under various intervention options in the uniqueness of Kenya. We developed a stock and flow based SDM. We parametrized the SDM using published data and where data was not available, expert opinion was sought. Following validation test, the model was simulated to determined possible outcomes of non-pharmaceutical interventions in management of Covid-19. We simulate the possible impact of; social distancing, quarantining, curfew and cross-county travel restriction, lockdown of selected cities in Kenya and quarantining. We varied interventions in terms of start dates, duration of implementation and effectiveness of the interventions. We estimated the outcomes in terms of number of possible infections, recoveries and deaths. With the current state of interventions, we estimated a peak of Covid-19 in September 2020 with an estimated 13.5 Million Covid-19 cases and 33.8 thousand deaths in Kenya. The largest possible reduction in infections and mortality was achievable through increase in the effectiveness of the interventions. The suggested interventions would delay the epidemic peak of Covid-19 to between late Nov 2020 and early December 2020 with an estimated13M cases a 500 thousand reduction in Covid-19 cases and 32.4 deaths( a reduction in 1400 deaths). We conclude that SDM enables an understanding of the complexity and impact of different intervention scenarios of Covid-19 in Kenya. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.06.20204487v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.06.20204487 id: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author: Klabunde, Thomas title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 words: 4825.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt summary: This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Since early March several European governments have implemented numerous control measures to reduce the transmission of the disease and decrease the number of new daily cases of COVID-19 so that fewer patients need to seek treatment at any given time and avoid overwhelming hospital capacity, commonly referred as "flattening the curve". abstract: Background an objective: In March 2020 the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared as global pandemic. Most countries have implemented numerous social distancing measures in order to limit its transmission and control the outbreak. This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Methods: We used an exponential decline function to model the trajectory of the daily growth rate of infections in Italy and Germany. A linear regression of the logarithmic growth rate functions of different stages allowed to describe the impact of the social distancing measures leading to a faster decline of the growth rate in both countries. We used the linear model to predict the number of diagnosed and fatal COVID-19 cases from April 10th until May 31st. For Germany we estimated the required daily number of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICU) using clinical observations on the average lengths of a hospital stay for the severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Results: Analyzing the data from Germany and Italy allowed us to identify changes in the trajectory of the growth rate of infection most likely resulted from the various social distancing measures implemented. In Italy a stronger decline in the growth rate was observed around the week of March 17th, whereas for Germany the stronger decline occurred approximately a week later (the week of March 23rd). Under the assumption that the impact of the measures will last, the total size of the outbreak can be estimated to 155,000 cases in Germany (range 140,000-180,000) and to 185,000 cases in Italy (range 175,000-200,000). For Germany the total number of deaths until May 31st is calculated to 3,850 (range 3,500-4,450). Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Conclusion: The modeling effort presented here provides a valuable framework to capture the impact of the social distancing measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in European countries and to forecast the future trend of daily COVID-19 cases. It provides a tool for medical authorities in Germany and other countries to help inform the required hospital capacity of the health care system. Germany appears to be in the middle of the (first) COVID-19 outbreak wave and the German health system is well prepared to handle it with the available capacities. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 id: cord-307585-dbc0spzv author: Klain, Michele title: Management of differentiated thyroid cancer through nuclear medicine facilities during Covid-19 emergency: the telemedicine challenge date: 2020-09-23 words: 3476.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307585-dbc0spzv.txt summary: Although among newly DTC diagnosed cases, there was a slightly higher proportion of patients requiring RAI therapy after surgical treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic compared with patients evaluated during the corresponding period of 2019, a statistical significance was not reached (85% vs. Results of follow-up visits obtained in outpatients by TMS during the Covid-19 pandemic and by in-ward access during the corresponding period of 2019 were analyzed according to three subgroups of patients: (1) those requiring a further RAI therapy or surgical treatment (8/450 vs. Our experience demonstrates that, despite the virus containment measures during the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of DTC patients'' evaluations performed by TMS was only 15% less as compared with the in-ward examinations in the corresponding months of 2019. abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether a telemedicine service (TMS) carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic impacted on management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the number and the findings of outpatient visits in DTC subjects referred between March 11, 2020, and May 31, 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Radiometabolic Unit of the University of Naples Federico II. Office visits scheduled in March and May 2020 were converted in teleconsultation reaching all patients planned for an in-ward access to advise them to use the TMS for all clinical necessity. The number and the findings of DTC patients evaluated by in-ward access in the corresponding period of 2019 were also assessed for direct comparison. RESULTS: The number of outpatient visits performed by TMS during the pandemic (n = 445) and by in-ward access in the corresponding period of 2019 (n = 525) was comparable with only 15% of outpatient evaluations missed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the utility of telemedicine tools to avoid the potential negative impact of interruption or postponement of diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. Therefore, investments in medical network system development, including the implementation of telehealth approaches, should be encouraged at national and international levels. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32965559/ doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05041-0 id: cord-317956-srbualjc author: Klang, Eyal title: Sex Differences in Age and Comorbidities for COVID-19 Mortality in Urban New York City date: 2020-08-09 words: 1520.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317956-srbualjc.txt summary: The aim of this study was to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independently significant variables associated with gender in patients who died from COVID-19. In the multivariable model, cardiovascular comorbidities were not significantly different between women and men. This study demonstrates that women who died of COVID-19 showed a similar cardiovascular disease profile as men. The present study was designed to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. Univariate analysis compared age and comorbidities between men and women who died from COVID-19. This study demonstrates that in patients who died from COVID-19, no significant difference was noted between cardiac morbidity and gender. Our study is limited to an assessment of gender differences among patients who have died from COVID-19 without considering the comorbidity rate of men versus women in the general population. abstract: Previous studies demonstrated a higher COVID-19 fatality rate in men. The aim of this study was to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. We retrospectively analyzed data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a large academic hospital system in New York City between March 1 and May 9, 2020. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independently significant variables associated with gender in patients who died from COVID-19. The model was adjusted for age and comorbidities known to be associated with COVID-19 mortality. We identified 6760 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Of these patients, 3018/6760 (44.6%) were women. The mortality rate was higher for men (women 18.2% vs. men 20.6%, p = 0.039). Of the patients who died, women were on average 5 years older than men (woman 77.4 ± 12.7 vs. men 72.4 ± 13.0, p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, cardiovascular comorbidities were not significantly different between women and men. Chronic kidney disease (aOR for women 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9) and smoking (aOR for women 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9) were more common in men. Age decile (aOR for women 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.6) and obesity (aOR for women 2.3, 95% CI 1.8–3.0) were higher in women. This study demonstrates that women who died of COVID-19 showed a similar cardiovascular disease profile as men. Yet, they are 5 years older than men. Investigating the gender impacts of COVID-19 is an important part of understanding the disease behavior. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838184/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00430-w id: cord-338498-3238fz73 author: Kleen, Thomas-Oliver title: Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends” date: 2020-09-04 words: 12523.0 sentences: 559.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt summary: Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends." One recent example of the need for continued vigilance is a study using Chinese macaques indicating cause for concern by showing that vaccine-induced, S-specific immunity in the form of anti-spike IgG resulted in severe ALI by skewing macrophage responses during subsequent, acute infection with closely related SARS-CoV (139) . abstract: The novel, highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly throughout the world, leading to a deadly pandemic of a predominantly respiratory illness called COVID-19. Safe and effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are urgently needed. However, emerging immunological observations show hallmarks of significant immunopathological characteristics and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Combined with existing knowledge about immune responses to other closely related and highly pathogenic coronaviruses, this could forebode significant challenges for vaccine development, including the risk of vaccine failure. Animal data from earlier coronavirus vaccine efforts indicate that elderly people, most at risk from severe COVID-19 disease, could be especially at risk from immunopathologic responses to novel coronavirus vaccines. Bacterial “new old friends” such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called “trained immunity.” Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other “new old friends.” url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02059 id: cord-339649-ppgmmeuz author: Klein, Michael G. title: COVID-19 Models for Hospital Surge Capacity Planning: A Systematic Review date: 2020-09-10 words: 4182.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339649-ppgmmeuz.txt summary: CONCLUSION: The results of our study provide information to physicians, hospital administrators, emergency response personnel, and governmental agencies on available models for preparing scenario-based plans for responding to the COVID-19 or similar type of outbreak. For each user-defined scenario, these tools identify an epidemic curve of the expected number of COVID-19 cases per day and the expected hospital occupancy per day in medical-surgical wards and ICUs. We provide the input parameters, highlight key features, and explain the output that can be produced from each model. This online tool provides an estimate of the maximum manageable daily number of incident COVID-19 cases that a health care system could serve based on an age-stratified case distribution and severity, as well as available medical resources, such as the number of available acute and critical care beds. The main goal of this review was to identify models that can project both COVID-19 caseload and surge capacity requirements over time for hospital level analysis with parameters including LOS, occupancy, and ventilator capacity. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Health system preparedness for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) includes projecting the number and timing of cases requiring various types of treatment. Several tools were developed to assist in this planning process. This review highlights models that project both caseload and hospital capacity requirements over time. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the medical and engineering literature according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We completed searches using PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Google search engine. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 690 articles. For a detailed review, we selected 6 models that met our predefined criteria. Half of the models did not include age-stratified parameters, and only 1 included the option to represent a second wave. Hospital patient flow was simplified in all models; however, some considered more complex patient pathways. One model included fatality ratios with length of stay (LOS) adjustments for survivors versus those who die, and accommodated different LOS for critical care patients with or without a ventilator. CONCLUSION: The results of our study provide information to physicians, hospital administrators, emergency response personnel, and governmental agencies on available models for preparing scenario-based plans for responding to the COVID-19 or similar type of outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32907668/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.332 id: cord-321440-sts3re6p author: Klein, Sebastian J. title: Unrecognized diabetes in critically ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 words: 902.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321440-sts3re6p.txt summary: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of diabetes in all critically ill patients admitted to the four dedicated COVID-19 intensive care units (ICU) at the University Hospital in Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria, which covers 180,000 inhabitants as primary hospital and also functions as a tertiary referral center for the whole region of Tyrol. Of 47 COVID-19 patients admitted to our ICUs, HbA1c was measured in 44, which were included in the analysis ( Table 1 ). Recent data demonstrating viral particles in endothelial cells of several organs suggest "endotheliitis" as a possible mechanism of organ dysfunction leading to critical illness in COVID-19 patients which may be aggravated by endothelial Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CRP C-reactive protein, IL-6 interleukin-6, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 *If specified in the patients'' health records dysfunction associated with prediabetes and diabetes [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646467/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03139-3 id: cord-351672-7oi9w87s author: Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír title: COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities date: 2020-09-30 words: 2671.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351672-7oi9w87s.txt summary: As the COVID-19 pandemic stimulated new markets in distance meeting/learning, home office, e-shopping and e-socialising, the promising development trend of 5G is highly expected after the pandemic is well controlled. Many innovative and intensified services as e-shopping, advanced and possible person-less waste management collection and treatment, and applications of novel ways for deliveries, for example, drones, can change the energy requirements. 20 It means that with many options opened the new emerging options and opportunities for energy saving and making the generation, distribution and usage more efficient becomes a crucial issue and the research in this direction should be encouraged and facilitated. The future research should follow several avenues: novel opportunities continuously arising as a response to the new demands, energy efficiency and savings as well as reducing and minimising the environmental burden created by electrical power generation, transmission and distribution. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6007 doi: 10.1002/er.6007 id: cord-351166-0pajmek3 author: Kligerman, Maxwell P. title: Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 words: 1474.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351166-0pajmek3.txt summary: title: Challenges Facing Otolaryngologists in Lowand Middle-Income Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). This commentary highlights some of the challenges faced by otolaryngologists in LMICs and draws on the personal experience of the authors to suggest future directions for collaboration and risk mitigation. [13] Therefore, when otolaryngologists interact with their patients, their number of secondary contacts and COVID-19 exposure risk is likely much greater when compared to their colleagues in HICs. Misunderstanding and fears amongst the general population in some LMICs, has also led to skepticism over the virus and in some unfortunate instances even violence or protests directed against healthcare providers. The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists and their patients, particularly in LMICs. While the situation and recommendations are constantly changing, it will be J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for otolaryngologists practicing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This commentary highlights some of the particular challenges in low resource settings, including limited testing, insufficient personal protective equipment, small numbers of surgeons, and competing socio-economic demands. The commentary focuses on specific examples from around the world to draw attention to these challenges and also highlight examples of success and innovation. Amidst the crisis an opportunity exists for otolaryngologists from around the world to share resources, ideas, and innovations to best serve patients and improve the health system globally for the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110322 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110322 id: cord-261473-162uk7wm author: Klimach, Anna title: Rash as a presenting complaint in a child with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 577.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261473-162uk7wm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261473-162uk7wm.txt summary: There is now also a growing body of literature regarding skin involvement in children, with reports of papulovesicular, petechial and widespread macular and papular lesions, as well as chilblains (pernio). We describe the case of a thirteen‐year‐old boy with confirmed COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom who presented with skin findings localized to the plantar aspects of the feet, axillae and lower limbs. 1 In children, cutaneous manifestations include widespread erythematous macular and papular lesions, a skin rash in the context of a multisystem inflammatory state or similar clinical presentation to Kawasaki''s disease, and papulovesicular eruptions. 2, 3 We report a case of confirmed COVID-19 in a child who presented with skin findings localized to the axillae, lower limbs and plantar aspects of the feet. Currently the most commonly reported symptoms of COVID-19 in the pediatric population are cough and fever. abstract: Cutaneous manifestations are becoming increasingly well‐documented in adults with COVID‐19. There is now also a growing body of literature regarding skin involvement in children, with reports of papulovesicular, petechial and widespread macular and papular lesions, as well as chilblains (pernio). We describe the case of a thirteen‐year‐old boy with confirmed COVID‐19 in the United Kingdom who presented with skin findings localized to the plantar aspects of the feet, axillae and lower limbs. The morphology was predominantly maculopapular but also included petechiae and annular lesions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524630/ doi: 10.1111/pde.14257 id: cord-320831-owfnttqr author: Klimek, Ludger title: Allergen immunotherapy in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A position paper of AeDA, ARIA, EAACI, DGAKI and GPA: Position paper of the German ARIA Group(A) in cooperation with the Austrian ARIA Group(B), the Swiss ARIA Group(C), German Society for Applied Allergology (AEDA)(D), German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI)(E), Society for Pediatric Allergology (GPA)(F) in cooperation with AG Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Environmental Medicine of the DGHNO-KHC(G) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-05-28 words: 3683.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320831-owfnttqr.txt summary: The highest risk of transmission for medical staff is present when standard precautions are missing, when primary infection prevention and control measures for respiratory infections are not undertaken, and when infected, potentially asymptomatic patients who are not yet tested positive for COVID-19 are treated without protective measures. The staff, including doctors, medical assistants, nutritional scientists, nursing and administrative staff, and all other staff at the facility with patient contact, should be made aware of: a) the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Germany/Austria/ Switzerland and worldwide; b) known risk factors for infection; c) clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19; d) recommended measures to prevent and contain infections in their region or country, including those mentioned in this document; e) procedures for reporting and transferring examined patients and probable/confirmed cases taking into account the appropriate regional regulations and specifications [36, 40] . abstract: No abstract available. url: https://doi.org/10.5414/alx02147e doi: 10.5414/alx02147e id: cord-345381-9cckppk2 author: Klimek, Ludger title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) date: 2020-09-07 words: 6146.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345381-9cckppk2.txt summary: title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H) Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontane-ous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases has faced major challenges. Recommendations for “social distancing” and the fear of patients becoming infected during a visit to a medical facility have led to a drastic decrease in personal doctor-patient contacts. This affects both acute care and treatment of the chronically ill. The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is so far only insufficiently understood and could be altered in a favorable or unfavorable way by therapy with monoclonal antibodies. There is currently no evidence for an increased risk of a severe COVID-19 course in allergic patients. Many patients are under ongoing therapy with biologicals that inhibit type 2 immune responses via various mechanisms. There is uncertainty about possible immunological interactions and potential risks of these biologicals in the case of an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: A selective literature search was carried out in PubMed, Livivo, and the internet to cover the past 10 years (May 2010 – April 2020). Additionally, the current German-language publications were analyzed. Based on these data, the present position paper provides recommendations for the biological treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: In order to maintain in-office consultation services, a safe treatment environment must be created that is adapted to the pandemic situation. To date, there is a lack of reliable study data on the care for patients with complex respiratory, atopic, and allergic diseases in times of an imminent infection risk from SARS-CoV-2. Type-2-dominant immune reactions, as they are frequently seen in allergic patients, could influence various phases of COVID-19, e.g., by slowing down the immune reactions. Theoretically, this could have an unfavorable effect in the early phase of a SARS-Cov-2 infection, but also a positive effect during a cytokine storm in the later phase of severe courses. However, since there is currently no evidence for this, all data from patients treated with a biological directed against type 2 immune reactions who develop COVID-19 should be collected in registries, and their disease courses documented in order to be able to provide experience-based instructions in the future. Conclusion: The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. If available, it is recommended to prefer a formulation for self-application and to offer telemedical monitoring. Treatment should aim at the best possible control of difficult-to-control allergic and atopic diseases using adequate rescue and add-on therapy and should avoid the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids. If SARS-CoV-2 infection is proven or reasonably suspected, the therapy should be determined by weighing the benefits and risks individually for the patient in question, and the patient should be involved in the decision-making. It should be kept in mind that the potential effects of biologicals on the immune response in COVID-19 are currently not known. Telemedical offers are particularly desirable for the acute consultation needs of suitable patients. url: https://doi.org/10.5414/alx02166e doi: 10.5414/alx02166e id: cord-355533-5kgdg2nb author: Kline, Jonathan D title: Sentinel Case of COVID-19 at Fort Stewart, GA in a National Guard Soldier Participating in Annual Training: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 words: 2144.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355533-5kgdg2nb.txt summary: For healthcare providers, specifically military and federal public health personnel, prompt and accurate diagnosis and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus patients provide a two-fold benefit: (1) directing appropriate treatment to the infected patient as early as possible in the progression of the disease to increase survival rates and minimize the devastating sequelae following recovery and remission of symptoms; (2) provide critical information requirements that enable commanders and public health officials to best synchronize policy, regulations, and troop movement restrictions while best allocating scarce resources in the delicate balance of risk mitigation versus mission readiness. While treatment and management of these patients are currently supportive, both before and after official results return, there exists a possibility of a delay in tightening of health protection measures in areas that have not yet identified positive cases. abstract: For healthcare providers, specifically military and federal public health personnel, prompt and accurate diagnosis and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus patients provide a two-fold benefit: (1) directing appropriate treatment to the infected patient as early as possible in the progression of the disease to increase survival rates and minimize the devastating sequelae following recovery and remission of symptoms; (2) provide critical information requirements that enable commanders and public health officials to best synchronize policy, regulations, and troop movement restrictions while best allocating scarce resources in the delicate balance of risk mitigation versus mission readiness. Simple personal protective measures and robust testing and quarantine procedures, instituted and enforced aggressively by senior leaders, physicians, and healthcare professionals at all levels are an essential aspect of the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic that will determine the success or failure of the overall effort. As consideration, the authors respectfully submit this vignette of the first confirmed positive COVID-19 case presenting to the Emergency Department at Winn Army Community Hospital, Fort Stewart, Georgia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32567656/ doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa144 id: cord-345114-b06uz0sj author: Klinger, Danielle title: Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis date: 2020-07-11 words: 6987.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345114-b06uz0sj.txt summary: The analysis of countries according to an age-group partition reveals that the strongest correlation is attributed to the coverage in BCG vaccination of the young population (0–24 years). Due to the varying effect of each age group on the viral spread in the population, we next investigated the relevance of age groups to the observation showing that years of BCG administration are strongly correlated with better COVID-19 outcomes. Due to the varying effect of each age group on the viral spread in the population, we next investigated the relevance of age groups to the observation showing that years of BCG administration are strongly correlated with better COVID-19 outcomes. The histogram (d-f) shows the statistical significance of the correlation of BCG years of administration for the 4 different COVID-19 outcomes according to the 3 age groups marked as: young (d) middle age (e) and elderly (f). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic that started in China has spread within 3 months to the entire globe. We tested the hypothesis that the vaccination against tuberculosis by Bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) correlates with a better outcome for COVID-19 patients. Our analysis covers 55 countries complying with predetermined thresholds on the population size and number of deaths per million (DPM). We found a strong negative correlation between the years of BCG administration and the DPM along with the progress of the pandemic, corroborated by permutation tests. The results from multivariable regression tests with 23 economic, demographic, health-related, and pandemic restriction-related quantitative properties, substantiate the dominant contribution of BCG years to the COVID-19 outcomes. The analysis of countries according to an age-group partition reveals that the strongest correlation is attributed to the coverage in BCG vaccination of the young population (0–24 years). Furthermore, a strong correlation and statistical significance are associated with the degree of BCG coverage for the most recent 15 years, but no association was observed in these years for other broadly used vaccination protocols for measles and rubella. We propose that BCG immunization coverage, especially among the most recently vaccinated population, contribute to attenuation of the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664505/ doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030378 id: cord-347384-lwrrm5kx author: Klocker, J. title: Operieren, Absagen, Verschieben oder Selektionieren?: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter gefäßchirurgischen Zentren während der Covid-19-Krise in Österreich date: 2020-09-02 words: 2903.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347384-lwrrm5kx.txt summary: März 2020 angeordneten Lockdowns in Österreich erfolgte, welche gefäßchirurgischen Operationen weiter durchgeführt, abgesagt oder verschoben wurden, und wie einheitlich oder uneinheitlich dieses Vorgehen in verschiedenen gefäßchirurgischen Zentren des Landes war, wurde mittels eines Onlinefragebogens erfasst. Wie sich (im Nachhinein) herausgestellt hat, waren die Begriffe "abgesetzt" und "verschoben" schlecht zu differenzieren, wurden also vielfach nahezu synonym verwendet, da das "Absetzen" einer OP (ein für alle Mal) selten anzunehmen ist und das "Verschieben" allerdings in vielen Fällen mit unklarem und nicht festgelegtem Zeitfenster erfolgen musste, also de facto zunächst einem "Absetzen" entsprach (zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung war die zeitliche Befristung der OP-Einschränkungen seitens der Behörden nicht absehbar). Die in Österreich in gefäßchirurgischen Zentren durchgeführte Onlineumfrage zeigt, dass in allen Institutionen Patienten mit COVID-19-Infektion behandelt wurden, aber vergleichsweise seltener Patienten und Mitarbeiter der gefäßchirurgischen Abteilungen betroffen waren. abstract: Regional centers performing vascular surgery in Austria (n = 15) were invited in mid-April 2020 by the Austrian Society of Vascular Surgery (ÖGG) to participate in a nationwide survey about implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, a total of 12 centers (80%) answered the questionnaire. All centers were confronted with patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and 75% also had medical personnel who were positive. In contrast, only 25% of the departments of vascular surgery had positively tested patients and 33% had positive staff members. In all departments of vascular surgery elective vascular procedures were either stopped (cancelled or deferred) or selectively limited, including patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, aortic aneurysms smaller than 7 cm, peripheral arterial aneurysm, peripheral artery occlusive disease Fontaine stage II and varicosities. All centers continued to carry out operations for all types of vascular surgical emergencies. The strategies of the centers were heterogeneous for patients with chronic ulcers, chronic mesenteric insufficiency, asymptomatic aortic aneurysms larger than 7 cm and shunt surgery. Decisions on surgery cancellation seemed to be particularly problematic due to the uncertain time period of the COVID-19 measures. As a consequence, the risk associated with cancellation or delayed treatment was difficult to assess. At present, especially indications with nonuniform management strategies need selective attention and additional analysis in single center and multicenter studies. In addition, patients might suffer from relevant psychological problems because of surgery cancellations. Changes in the daily routine due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have a long-term impact on health status and may show significant demographic and geographic variations. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-020-00686-5 doi: 10.1007/s00772-020-00686-5 id: cord-336810-77wq9laa author: Klocperk, Adam title: Complex Immunometabolic Profiling Reveals the Activation of Cellular Immunity and Biliary Lesions in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 words: 4679.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336810-77wq9laa.txt summary: Therefore, we observed a gradual increase of CRP, procalcitonin, ferritin, and serum IL-6 corresponding to the severity of the disease; however, these markers displayed a relative failure to upregulate in patients with a fatal course, who instead displayed high sIL2R and D-dimers ( Figure 1C ). Most markers of inflammation, the immune response, and liver damage presented in patients with a fatal course of COVID-19 so far seem mostly on par with those seen in patients with a moderate form of the disease, suggesting a weaker response to the infection compared to severely ill patients, which resulted in the patients'' deaths. In contrast, patients with fatal COVID-19 ( Figure 5B ) displayed a negative correlation between leukocytes and lymphocytes, and their inflammatory markers increased with markers of organ failure (liver enzymes, amylase, GGT, urea, and creatinine) and cytotoxic cellular immunity (activated CD38+ HLA-DR+ CD8 T cells) instead. abstract: This study aimed to assess the key laboratory features displayed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients that are associated with mild, moderate, severe, and fatal courses of the disease, and through a longitudinal follow-up, to understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pathophysiology. All severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients admitted to the University Hospital in Motol between March and June 2020 were included in this study. A severe course of COVID-19 was associated with an elevation of proinflammatory markers; an efflux of immature granulocytes into peripheral blood; the activation of CD8 T cells, which infiltrated the lungs; transient liver disease. In particular, the elevation of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and histological signs of cholestasis were highly specific for patients with a severe form of the disease. In contrast, patients with a fatal course of COVID-19 failed to upregulate markers of inflammation, showed discoordination of the immune response, and progressed toward acute kidney failure. COVID-19 is a disease with a multi-organ affinity that is characterized by the activation of innate and cellular adaptive immunity. Biliary lesions with an elevation of GGT and the organ infiltration of interleukin 6 (IL-6)-producing cells are the defining characteristics for patients with the fulminant disease. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9093000 doi: 10.3390/jcm9093000 id: cord-287191-e8073l9p author: Klompas, Michael title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Protecting Hospitals From the Invisible date: 2020-03-11 words: 1330.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287191-e8073l9p.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. The signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory virus infections. Case detection is still primarily focused on identifying patients with fever, cough, or shortness of breath; this focus leads to underestimation of the number of infected persons, overestimation of the mortality rate, and ongoing spread of disease. To cause a nosocomial outbreak, it will take just 1 patient with occult COVID-19 who is hospitalized, tests negative for influenza virus, and is taken off precautions despite persistent respiratory symptoms. But if we are frank about the morbidity and mortality of all respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, this is the best thing we can do for our patients and colleagues regardless of COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is optimized to spread widely: Its signs and symptoms are largely indistinguishable from those of other respiratory viruses. This commentary specifically addresses best ways to protect our hospitals against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-0751 doi: 10.7326/m20-0751 id: cord-311453-l6quzef6 author: Klopfenstein, Timothée title: Impact of Tocilizumab on mortality and/or invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in a cohort of 206 COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-13 words: 2675.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311453-l6quzef6.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size in the group TCZ, this result suggests that TCZ reduces mortality and/or IMV requirement in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We have recently published a retrospective study including 45 patients treated in our hospital, which shows that TCZ seems to reduce the number of COVID-19 severe cases and/or mortality (11) . Based on the medical literature, we checked several criteria before starting TCZ treatment: no contraindication to TCZ, confirmed COVID-19 with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR SARS-CoV-2 RNA, failure of standard treatment, period since symptoms onset ≥ 5 days, oxygen therapy ≥ 4 liters/min, ≥ 25% of lung damages on chest computed tomography (CT) scan, and ≥ 2 parameters of inflammation or biological markers of mortality (with a high level) such as ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, lymphopenia, and/or lactate dehydrogenase. abstract: INTRODUCTION: No therapy has proven to be effective yet to reduce mortality and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement in COVID-19. Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with severe COVID-19 could be an effective treatment. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, France. We compared the outcome of patients treated with TCZ and patients without TCZ considering a combined primary endpoint: mortality and/or IMV requirement. RESULTS: Thirty patients were treated with TCZ and 176 patients were treated without TCZ. TCZ was used in patients in a critical condition (oxygen therapy flow at TCZ onset was 10.5 l/min and 14/30 patients had ≥ 50% lung involvement on CT scan) as a rescue treatment (8/30 patients who died were not admitted in USC in regards to their comorbidities). However, mortality and/or IMV requirement were lower in patients with TCZ than in patients without TCZ (27% vs 52%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size in the group TCZ, this result suggests that TCZ reduces mortality and/or IMV requirement in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This notion needs to be confirmed and spread in the medical community. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220306536 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.024 id: cord-297886-kxb17zx4 author: Kluger, Dan M. title: Impact of healthcare worker shift scheduling on workforce preservation during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 1722.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297886-kxb17zx4.txt summary: We ran Monte Carlo simulations modeling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in non–COVID-19 wards, and we found that longer nursing shifts and scheduling designs in which teams of nurses and doctors co-rotate no more frequently than every 3 days can lead to fewer infections. In summary, pandemics necessitate widespread reassessment of workforce planning to ensure backup of sufficient uninfected HCWs. Using various input variables for our simulations for non-COVID-19 services, we make 3 primary observations: (1) Having all HCWs work at least 3 consecutive days reduces the chance of team failure, (2) longer nursing shifts (12 versus 8 hours) decreases the rate of HCW infection, and (3) avoiding staggering of rotations of attendings, house staff, and nurses reduces the number of infected HCWs. When applying this model to the real-world challenge of staffing hospital units, clinical setting variables such as trainee presence, patient acuity, stay length, and nurse-patient ratio will need to be considered. abstract: Reducing severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among healthcare workers is critical. We ran Monte Carlo simulations modeling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in non–COVID-19 wards, and we found that longer nursing shifts and scheduling designs in which teams of nurses and doctors co-rotate no more frequently than every 3 days can lead to fewer infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684183/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.337 id: cord-309809-zvh2k97q author: Knepple Carney, Amy title: Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being date: 2020-08-18 words: 3247.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309809-zvh2k97q.txt summary: DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Even in non-crisis situations, regardless of age, higher levels of global perceived stress heighten a person''s negative affective response to stress (Scott et al., 2013) ; although, older adults in another study reported less of an increase in negative affect when faced with a daily stressor, compared to younger adults (Uchino, et al., 2006) . Consistent with previous findings on stress (Uchino, et al., 2006) , the current study found that when faced with a stressor, in this case a global pandemic, middle-aged and older adults may be better at regulating their emotions even when they perceive the stressor as disruptive. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is not fully understood how large-scale events affect well-being. Older adults showed the highest levels of resilience following the September 11(th) (9/11) terrorist attacks, but during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak there were no age-related differences in well-being. The current study examined the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disruption on well-being throughout adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Perceived stress and affect were examined in 166 community-dwelling adults (Mage=35.65; SD=15.53; range=18-79) in relation to the perceived disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic to their lives. RESULTS: A significant moderation was found for age and COVID-19 disruption on perceived stress [F(5, 153) = 8.88, p & .05, R(2)= .22] and negative affect [F(5, 154) = 4.91, p & .05, R(2)= .14], but not for positive affect. For participants over 50, those who rated COVID-19 as a low or high disruption had similar scores on stress and negative affect, but with younger aged participants, perceiving high disruption corresponded with higher levels of stress and negative affect. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Middle-aged and older adults may be better able to regulate negative emotions, from COVID-19, than younger adults. SAVI proposes a greater negative impact on older adults when they experience sustained stressors; as the challenges with COVID-19 continue, further data will need to be examined. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32808660/ doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa106 id: cord-273044-ikk9d6wz author: Knio, Ziyad O title: Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 words: 1888.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273044-ikk9d6wz.txt summary: title: Heated Air Delivery by Micro-Sauna: An Experimental Treatment Prototype Concept for Coronavirus Disease 2019 The present report describes the engineering of a micro-sauna prototype for the delivery of heated air. The present report describes the engineering of a micro-sauna prototype for the 1 2 1 delivery of heated air in a safe and tolerable manner. The present report demonstrates the feasibility of engineering a micro-sauna prototype for heated air delivery. The micro-sauna prototype, with its delivery of air heated to 80-90 degrees C, is more likely to be successful. Heated air delivery by a micro-sauna treatment prototype may prove beneficial in treating viral pathogens. A micro-sauna delivering air heated to 80-90 degrees C can be feasibly engineered from an electric heater, EMT conduit connector, anesthesia mask, and PID controller with thermocouple. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gained international attention as it poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, medical researchers are working to exhaust all strategies that may prove beneficial in combating this disease. Heat has been shown to destabilize other coronavirus strains in testing environments, and it has been hypothesized that heated air may destabilize viral pathogens in vivo as well. The present report describes the engineering of a micro-sauna prototype for the delivery of heated air. Concept formulation, process highlights, and the final prototype are all discussed. The prototype can deliver air heated to 80-90 degrees Celsius in a safe and tolerable manner. The goal of this technical report is to further encourage the study of heated air as a potential COVID-19 treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550078/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8162 id: cord-316402-6u1czbfe author: Knowles, Kelly A. title: Anxiety and Safety Behavior Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Prospective Role of Contamination Fear date: 2020-10-20 words: 4276.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316402-6u1czbfe.txt summary: Accordingly, the present study prospectively examines contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms as predictors of anxiety and safety behaviors in response to COVID-19 in a student sample (N = 108). Although baseline contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms did not significantly predict coronavirus-related anxiety, contamination fear did significantly predict safety behavior usage in response to both COVID-19 and influenza. The present study examines the extent to which contamination fear and obsessivecompulsive washing symptoms prospectively predict COVID-19 and influenza-related anxiety and safety behaviors in a sample of undergraduates, who were surveyed at the beginning of the semester in January 2020 and again in late February through March 2020. For the prospective analyses examining contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms as predictors of coronavirus and flu anxiety and safety behaviors, partial Pearson correlations controlling for the date on which the survey was taken were conducted. abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has broadly increased anxiety and changed individual behavior. However, there is limited research examining predictors of pandemic-related changes, and the majority of existing research is cross-sectional in nature, which limits causal inference. Given functional links with disease avoidance processes, individual differences in contamination fear may be especially relevant in predicting responses to COVID-19. Accordingly, the present study prospectively examines contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms as predictors of anxiety and safety behaviors in response to COVID-19 in a student sample (N = 108). To examine specificity, anxiety and safety behaviors in response to seasonal influenza are also examined. In the early stages of the pandemic (March 2020), coronavirus-related anxiety was higher than flu-related anxiety (d = 1.38). Obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms also increased from before the pandemic (d = 0.4). Although baseline contamination fear and obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms did not significantly predict coronavirus-related anxiety, contamination fear did significantly predict safety behavior usage in response to both COVID-19 and influenza. The specificity of the prospective association between contamination fear and the use of safety behaviors are discussed in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the broader literature on the role of safety behaviors in anxiety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33137593/ doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102323 id: cord-272737-m05f4eml author: Ko, Jane P. title: Pulmonary COVID-19: Multimodality Imaging Examples date: 2020-10-09 words: 725.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272737-m05f4eml.txt summary: COVID-19 primarily targets the lung, with patients presenting with pneumonia that can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In patients with a positive RT-PCR test result with moderate or severe clinical features of COVID-19, chest imaging can be used to evaluate the baseline severity of any lung disease (Figs 1, 2). Imaging can be used to evaluate for alternative diagnoses in patients with a negative RT-PCR test result despite a persisting clinical suspicion for COVID-19. The objective of this online presentation is to provide a resource for understanding the imaging appearance of pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 at multiple imaging modalities, including CT, chest radiography, and point-of-care lung US, as well as to highlight typical imaging findings and provide examples of differential diagnostic considerations and mimics. The role of chest imaging in patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational consensus statement from the Fleischner Society abstract: The full digital presentation is available online. url: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020200158 doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200158 id: cord-329323-1cquorhs author: Ko, Jean Y title: Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System date: 2020-09-18 words: 4184.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329323-1cquorhs.txt summary: Generalized Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted rate ratios (aRR) for hospitalization RESULTS: Among 5,416 adults, hospitalization rates were higher among those with ≥3 underlying conditions (versus without)(aRR: 5.0; 95%CI: 3.9, 6.3), severe obesity (aRR:4.4; 95%CI: 3.4, 5.7), chronic kidney disease (aRR:4.0; 95%CI: 3.0, 5.2), diabetes (aRR:3.2; 95%CI: 2.5, 4.1), obesity (aRR:2.9; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.5), hypertension (aRR:2.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.4), and asthma (aRR:1.4; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.7), after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. BRFSS data were used to calculate weighted population estimates of community-dwelling adults with and without individual underlying medical conditions by age, sex, and race/ethnicity strata for the COVID-NET catchment area and served as the analytic A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 7 denominators. abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization are needed to guide prevention efforts and clinical care. We sought to identify factors independently associated with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations METHODS: U.S. community-dwelling adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during March 1–June 23, 2020 were identified from the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), a multi-state surveillance system. To calculate hospitalization rates by age, sex, and race/ethnicity strata, COVID-NET data served as the numerator and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System estimates served as the population denominator for characteristics of interest. Underlying medical conditions examined included hypertension, coronary artery disease, history of stroke, diabetes, obesity [BMI ≥30 kg/m (2)], severe obesity [BMI≥40 kg/m (2)], chronic kidney disease, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Generalized Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted rate ratios (aRR) for hospitalization RESULTS: Among 5,416 adults, hospitalization rates were higher among those with ≥3 underlying conditions (versus without)(aRR: 5.0; 95%CI: 3.9, 6.3), severe obesity (aRR:4.4; 95%CI: 3.4, 5.7), chronic kidney disease (aRR:4.0; 95%CI: 3.0, 5.2), diabetes (aRR:3.2; 95%CI: 2.5, 4.1), obesity (aRR:2.9; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.5), hypertension (aRR:2.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.4), and asthma (aRR:1.4; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.7), after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Adjusting for the presence of an individual underlying medical condition, higher hospitalization rates were observed for adults aged ≥65, 45-64 (versus 18-44 years), males (versus females), and non-Hispanic black and other race/ethnicities (versus non-Hispanic whites) CONCLUSION: Our findings elucidate groups with higher hospitalization risk that may benefit from targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1419 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1419 id: cord-340889-ff35696d author: Ko, Nai-Ying title: Changes in Sex Life among People in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Risk Perception, General Anxiety, and Demographic Characteristics date: 2020-08-11 words: 5562.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340889-ff35696d.txt summary: The associations of change in sex life with risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were also examined. Given that the COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease resulting in global impacts on human lives worldwide, additional studies are required on whether risk perception of COVID-19 and general anxiety are significantly associated with changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we examined the associations of gender, age, sexual orientation, risk perception of COVID-19, and general anxiety with changes in sex life. The present study found that risk perception, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation related to various aspects of changes in sex life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were associated with greater change in various aspects of an individual''s sex life. abstract: This study used data collected from an online survey study on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan to examine changes in sex life during the pandemic and the factors affecting such changes. In total, 1954 respondents were recruited from a Facebook advertisement. The survey inquired changes in sex life during the pandemic, including satisfaction with the individual’s sex life, frequency of sexual activity, frequency of sex-seeking activity, and frequency of using protection for sex. The associations of change in sex life with risk perception of COVID-19, general anxiety, gender, age, and sexual orientation were also examined. For each aspect of their sex life, 1.4%–13.5% of respondents reported a decrease in frequency or satisfaction, and 1.6%–2.9% reported an increase in frequency or satisfaction. Risk perception of COVID-19 was significantly and negatively associated with frequencies of sexual and sex-seeking activities. Higher general anxiety was significantly and negatively associated with satisfaction of sex life and frequencies of sexual and sex-seeking activities. Sexual minority respondents were more likely to report decreased satisfaction with sex life and frequencies of sexual activity and sex-seeking activities during COVID-19. Health care providers should consider these factors when developing strategies for sexual wellness amid respiratory infection epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32796759/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165822 id: cord-318417-jfqnepzy author: Koay, Hui-Fern title: An unconventional view of COVID-19 T cell immunity date: 2020-10-06 words: 1531.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318417-jfqnepzy.txt summary: Early studies identified an immune signature associated with severe COVID-19 disease, including lymphopenia (Tan et al., 2020) ; excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF (Chen et al., 2020a; Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al., 2020) ; and extensive activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, which include B and T cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells such as neutrophils and monocytes (Kuri-Cervantes et al., 2020) . These findings are in line with other recent studies that have reported altered frequencies and function of MAIT (Kuri-Cervantes et al., 2020; Parrot et al., 2020) , NKT, and γδT cells (Odak et al., 2020; Rijkers et al., 2020) in severe COVID-19 patients. It is possible that unconventional cells are activated in a TCR-independent manner as a result of the hyper-inflammatory cytokine milieu during disease, as suggested by unchanged TCR levels on MAIT and NKT cells (Jouan et al., 2020) . Numbers of NKT, MAIT, and γδT cells decreased in peripheral blood and are found in lung aspirates with heightened levels of activation as measured by CD69 and PD-1 during severe COVID-19. abstract: In this issue of JEM, Jouan et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200872) report the activation and skewed function of unconventional T cells in severe COVID-19 patients. This may reflect a role in COVID-19 immunity or pathogenesis and potentially identifies new therapeutic targets for this disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201727 doi: 10.1084/jem.20201727 id: cord-355186-7u4h083p author: Kobak, Senol title: Comment on “Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?” date: 2020-06-20 words: 692.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355186-7u4h083p.txt summary: The main argument of the authors is that colchicine may have not increased the intracellular pH enough and cannot prevent the binding of the virus to the target angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2) receptors. Also, they suggest that colchicine may increase the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) which may occur during COVID-19 infection. There are no studies investigating the intracellular concentration of colchicine in corona infection, while such data exist regarding chloroquine [2] . When COVID-19 is passed into the cell via ACE2, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is triggered by immunological mechanisms. Considering the mechanism of action of colchicine, it would make rationale use in patients with COVID-19 infection [8] . Recently, we reported COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF under treatment with colchicine [9] . Covid-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does the colchicine have protective effect abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32564212/ doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05233-x id: cord-345674-wkwqlnz2 author: Kobayashi, Jun title: Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-05-20 words: 857.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345674-wkwqlnz2.txt summary: Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. While there is no specific recommended antiviral treatment, and vaccines have yet to be developed, the authors provided a powerful pharmacological strategy for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this review article, the drug applications for COVID-19 are well described according to disease severity; however, nitric oxide (NO) inhalation therapy, which is not described in this review, may be included in the strategy as a promising therapeutic candidate. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). abstract: COVID-19 is an emerging disease of public health concern. While there is no specific recommended treatment for COVID-19, nitric oxide has the potential to be of therapeutic value for managing acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. However, inhaled nitric oxide has not yet been formally evaluated. Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00681-9 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00681-9 id: cord-352247-baqbxez9 author: Kobayashi, Yoshiharu title: Public Support for Development Aid during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 9121.0 sentences: 505.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352247-baqbxez9.txt summary: The second experiment exposes respondents to a message linking COVID-19 to increased hardships for people in poorer countries or to a message suggesting aid that helps African countries deal with COVID-19 will also have public health benefits at home in several months. The second channel stresses the effects of COVID-19 on people in recipient countries and how news, arguments, and messages about them influence donor-side public attitudes. First, we estimate the ITT effect by comparing the expressed aid support under the treatment about household financial worries against the control condition. Prompting respondents to worry about the country''s financial situation causes them to be less supportive of foreign aid, while asking them to consider their own household finances does little to their aid opinions. The results from two experiments demonstrate that voters'' worry about the financial impact of COVID-19 on their own country reduces their support for aid and that their awareness of the benefits of assisting developing countries in curbing the second wave of outbreak at home substantially increase support. abstract: Global pandemics are a serious concern for developing countries, perhaps particularly when the same pandemic also affects donors of development aid. During crises at home, donors often cut aid, which would have grave ramifications for developing countries with poor public health capacity during a time of increased demand for health care. Because the major donors are democracies, whether they renege on promises would depend intimately on how donor citizens respond to the specific crisis. We conduct two survey experiments with 887 U.S. residents to examine how the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic influences their attitudes toward aid. We demonstrate that citizens’ concern about the impact of COVID-19 on their country’s financial situation reduces their support for aid. If they think that aid can help curb the next wave of the disease at home by first alleviating its impact in developing countries, they become substantially more supportive of giving aid. In contrast, merely stressing how COVID-19 might ravage developing countries barely changes their aid attitudes. Our findings have implications for what to expect from donors during global pandemics as well as how advocates may prevent aid from being cut. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305750X20303752 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105248 id: cord-306748-i9ndb71n author: Kobia, Francis title: COVID-19: Are Africa’s diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness? date: 2020-04-17 words: 3218.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt summary: In fact, this strategy is being used by Senegal, which together with UK collaborators, is developing an affordable COVID-19 RDT (expected to cost $1 per test) for home use in African countries (Financial Times, 2020b). The authors contend that most African countries lack the capacity to administer mass screening to ascertain the extent of the disease spread, and call for support toward the development of homegrown RDTs and POCTs as a strategy to achieve mass screening of COVID-19 in Africa The present review by the authors provides important information on diagnostic challenges facing African countries in their combat against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Specific to the present COVID-19 case, would it be faster and cheaper importing the diagnostic tools, as is already being done by some countries?The authors may wish to put " " section before " COVID-19 point of care testing strategies " section, for consistency with the conclusion. abstract: Since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December 2019, novel Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, achieving pandemic status on 11 (th) March, 2020. As of 1 (st) April 2020, COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had infected over 800,000 people and caused over 40,000 deaths in 205 countries and territories. COVID-19 has had its heaviest toll on Europe, United States and China. As of 1 (st) of April 2020, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Africa was relatively low, with the highest number registered by South Africa, which had reported 1,380 confirmed cases. On the same date (also the date of this review), Africa had reported 5,999 confirmed cases, of which 3,838 (almost 65%) occurred in South Africa, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia, with the remaining 2,071 cases distributed unevenly across the other African countries. We speculate that while African nations are currently experiencing much lower rates of COVID-19 relative to other continents, their significantly lower testing rates may grossly underestimate incidence rates. Failure to grasp the true picture may mean crucial windows of opportunity shut unutilized, while limited resources are not deployed to maximum effect. In the absence of extensive testing data, an overestimation of spread may lead to disproportionate measures being taken, causing avoidable strain on livelihoods and economies. Here, based on the African situation, we discuss COVID-19 diagnostic challenges and how they may blunt responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399515/ doi: 10.12688/aasopenres.13061.1 id: cord-270422-2xqptne5 author: Kobsa, Serge title: Commentary: A Pandemic Blueprint for Planning Your Act and Acting Your Plan date: 2020-09-18 words: 436.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270422-2xqptne5.txt summary: a comprehensive and detailed plan to take care of both types of patients. Regular and uninterrupted communication with full transparency on the current status, data analysis and future predication further empowers the team. As an example, an analysis at our center showed that the rate of in hospital transmission in a non-COVID CTICU unit was extremely low(5). The plan, however, is to be modified and updated through constant data and situation analysis. As the authors astutely point out, one should not risk a patient dying from heart disease to save someone dying of COVID-19 -a principle we could not agree with more. Institutional preparedness strategies for heart failure patients during the COVID-19 pandemic The rapid transformation of cardiac surgery practice in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Insights and clinical strategies from a center at the epicenter Transition of a Large Tertiary Heart Failure Program in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Changes That Will Endure abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022522320326544 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.057 id: cord-317966-ut6tzc8s author: Kocak, Burak title: A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? date: 2020-05-15 words: 2109.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317966-ut6tzc8s.txt summary: A 28-year-old female patient previously referred to our department with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease secondary to a lupus-like syndrome, who underwent a preemptive kidney transplant from her mother six months ago, presented to the transplant clinic with complaints of rhinorrhea, sore throat, malaise, and subfebrile fever self-measured at home shortly after a vacation to England. Thus, kidney transplant patients who are on steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs may exhibit unusual clinical courses resulting from coronavirus infection. Our two patients presented to the hospital with symptoms not suggesting COVID-19, and they were ineligible to be screened for SARS-CoV-2 according to the national outbreak management case definition, which was "a reported body temperature over 38 0 C" or "cough and/or respiratory distress" and "epidemiologic risk of contact". Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.028 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.028 id: cord-298372-4pw1y404 author: Koch, Lionel title: Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin? date: 2020-08-18 words: 6206.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298372-4pw1y404.txt summary: The last Ebola outbreak in 2014 in West Africa was regarded as a paradigm of the issues caused by emerging infectious diseases nowadays: this extremely deadly pathogen has naturally emerged in a large new area, and its overwhelming spread has subsequently impacted Europe and the United States [3] . At the same time, some natural outbreaks were caused by naturally altered pathogens like the Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Europe in 2011, a strain that acquired and combined unusual virulence factor and drug resistance genes [25] or in 2003 the new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified with surprise in front of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases [26] . Indeed, even if the substantial remaining risk in the case of an attack is the possibility of secondary actions aiming to maximise damages to the emergency infrastructure [38] , the real challenge for global safety remains the early detection, the accurate characterisation and the establishment of specific measures, whatever the outbreak origin [39, 40] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020317 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020317 id: cord-258072-6d5ieakl author: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title: Lockdown of 1.3 Billion People In India During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Survey Of Its Impact On Mental Health date: 2020-06-18 words: 2126.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258072-6d5ieakl.txt summary: After reviewing the pertinent literature which included scales such as, Impact of Event Scale -Revised (IES-R), Perceived stress scale 10 (PSS-10), and the international guidelines, a self administered, pre-validated web-based questionnaire with 18 questions in English, exploring age and domains of knowledge about COVID-19, understanding reasons for lockdown, stressors which included fear of infection, helplessness and boredom, scarce supplies, and post quarantine stressors related to work, finances and stigma was floated on a famous social media site, Facebook (groups from New Delhi). Variations in eating patterns were observed in the present study in 79.5% of participants, with people aged 35-50 years experiencing maximum alterations in diet patterns that were positively correlated with the practice of social distancing and fear of acquiring the disease on meeting someone. 4. Dr. Himanshu Dadlani: Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, drafting the article, critically evaluating and giving final approval. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599544/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102213 id: cord-277539-xt2nt11e author: Kochhar, Anuraj Singh title: Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations date: 2020 words: 4502.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277539-xt2nt11e.txt summary: Despite the avalanche of information that has exploded in relation to this rapidly spreading disease, there is a lack of consolidated information to guide dentists regarding clinical management including precautions to take materials to use and postprocedure care, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan can be formulated and adapted to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan of measures can be formulated and adapted according to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow. abstract: This article is a rumination on the outbreak of the dreaded coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has engulfed both the developed and the developing countries, thereby causing widespread global public health concerns and threats to human lives. Although countries have made varied efforts, the pestilence is escalating due to the high infectivity. It is highly likely that dental professionals in upcoming days will come across COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 carriers, and hence must ensure a tactful handling of such patients to prevent its nosocomial spread. Despite the avalanche of information that has exploded in relation to this rapidly spreading disease, there is a lack of consolidated information to guide dentists regarding clinical management including precautions to take materials to use and postprocedure care, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Available sources of information have been analyzed, while relying on peer-reviewed reports followed by information available from the most respected authoritative sources, such as WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and ADA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary from the available literature on COVID-19, its insinuation in dentistry, recommendations that have been published, and the actual in-practice implications, so a plan can be formulated and adapted to the circumstances of each dental practice during the pandemic and the times to follow. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Kochhar AS, Bhasin R, Kochhar GK, et al. Dentistry during and after COVID-19 Pandemic: Pediatric Considerations. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):399–406. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149414/ doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1782 id: cord-287221-oh7lnxwt author: Kock, Florian title: Understanding the COVID-19 tourist psyche: The Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm date: 2020-09-09 words: 8385.0 sentences: 416.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287221-oh7lnxwt.txt summary: All these factors are important research subjects, and evolutionary psychology explicitly studies these deep-rooted threats and offers a plethora of explanations of how they can impact human thinking, feeling, and behavior. Specifically, drawing on research from evolutionary psychology on the behavioral immune system, we demonstrate across two studies how this pandemic impacts important tourism phenomena, such as tourist xenophobia (Kock, Josiassen & Assaf, 2019a) . Yet, it is important to note that each motive provides a myriad of unique ultimate explanations to many human behaviors and can serve as the starting point for an evolutionary based investigation in tourism research. Based on the Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm and, more specifically, the theory on disease avoidance (ultimate motive) presented above, this study tests whether a higher pathogen threat (ecology) relates to tourists'' crowding perceptions and increased levels of xenophobia and ethnocentrism (phenotypic plasticities). abstract: Studies across the social sciences are making increasing use of an evolutionary perspective. Yet, despite its potential, the application of evolutionary psychology in tourism research is scant. Evolutionary psychology is arguably one of the most useful approaches to understanding the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic on the tourist's psyche. This research highlights, explains, and empirically demonstrates the vast untapped potential of this perspective for post-COVID-19 tourism research. The authors develop an Evolutionary Tourism Paradigm, which is based on biological epistemology and theory to address questions in post-COVID-19 tourism research. This paradigm is brought to life through a developed ocean and islands model, and its utility for future research endeavors on the Coronavirus pandemic is empirically demonstrated in two studies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0160738320301973 doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103053 id: cord-299324-0hzlvwfn author: Koeberle, Séverine title: COVID 19 outbreak: organisation of a geriatric assessment and coordination unit. A French example date: 2020-05-06 words: 3824.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299324-0hzlvwfn.txt summary: To organise an ad hoc follow-up channel, including the necessary resources for the different levels of care required, according to the resources of the territorial network, and the creation of a specific COVID geriatric palliative care service. • Organise an ad hoc follow-up channel, including the necessary resources for the different levels of care required, according to the resources of the territorial network, including the creation of a specific COVID geriatric palliative care service. e next day, an e-mail containing an information note specifying the objectives of this geriatric evaluation and coordination unit, as well as the informationgathering guide that had been drawn up, was sent to all the facilities and hospitals caring for vulnerable persons, as well as to the Medical Boards of the four departments of our area, in agreement with the concerned Regional Health Agency. • CFS 5 to 6: Decision-making support concerning the level of care in real time, 24 h a day, integrating the opinion of the resuscitation doctors if requested, depending on the clinical condition, by the geriatric evaluation unit and its health professionals. abstract: Older people are particularly affected by the COVID19 outbreak because of their vulnerability as well as the complexity of health organisations, particularly in the often-compartmentalised interactions between community, hospital and nursing home actors. In this endemic situation, with massive flows of patients requiring holistic management including specific and intensive care, the appropriate assessment of each patient’s level of care and the organisation of specific networks is essential. To use the basis of territorial organisation of health by facilitating the link between hospital settings and geriatric sectors at the regional level. To connect private, medico-social and hospital actors through a dedicated centralised unit for evaluation, geriatric coordination of care and decision support. A geriatrician coordinates this multidisciplinary unit. It includes an emergency room doctor, a supervisor from the medical regulation centre (Centre 15), an infectious disease physician, a medical hygienist and a palliative care specialist. To organise an ad hoc follow-up channel, including the necessary resources for the different levels of care required, according to the resources of the territorial network, and the creation of a specific COVID geriatric palliative care service. This organisation meets the urgent health needs of all stakeholders, facilitating its deployment and allows the sustainable implementation of a coordinated geriatric management dynamic between the stakeholders on the territory. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa092 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa092 id: cord-297414-zq16s9ud author: Koh, Adrian H. C. title: What COVID-19 has taught us: lessons from around the globe date: 2020-06-13 words: 1777.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297414-zq16s9ud.txt summary: This was integrated with the NHI PharmaCloud System, which allowed thorough checks on the travel and medical history of preregistered patients for all outpatient clinic visits, day This article is part of a topical collection on Perspectives on COVID-19 surgery, scheduled examinations, or hospital admissions in advance [8] . Measures in the clinic include plastic barrier shields mounted to slit lamps and machines; all staff are asked to wear cap, eye goggles, protective clothing, surgical mask, and glove during clinic; video calls to check the patients with fever and red eye but not yet diagnosed with COVID at the emergency department. The fact is, telemedicine has been proposed and discussed for several decades before the COVID pandemic, but the current situation where many countries have imposed lockdowns and restrictions to travel to clinics and hospitals has greatly accelerated its use and implementation [10] . Virtual visits in ophthalmology: timely advice for implementation during the COVID-19 public health crisis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04791-9 doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04791-9 id: cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author: Koh, David title: Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date: 2020-05-13 words: 3389.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt summary: Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. coronavirus, COVID-19, health care, occupational health, outbreaks, public health, SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and over 62 000 deaths spread over 200 countries and territories. abstract: On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent responsible was subsequently identified as a coronavirus—SARS‐CoV‐2. The WHO declared this disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020. This event evoked a sense of déjà vu, as it has many similarities to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2002‐2003. Both illnesses were caused by a zoonotic novel coronavirus, both originated during winter in China and both spread rapidly all over the world. However, the case‐fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID‐19 (<4%). Another zoonotic novel coronavirus, MERS‐CoV, was responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome, which had a case‐fatality rate of 34%. Our experiences in coping with the previous coronavirus outbreaks have better equipped us to face the challenges posed by COVID‐19, especially in the health care setting. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Given the perspectives gained and lessons learnt from these past events, we should be better prepared to face the current COVID‐19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515882/ doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12128 id: cord-334477-vdpaxj4e author: Koh, Jiayun title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-11 words: 5046.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334477-vdpaxj4e.txt summary: title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Cases During the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis The WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 also reported that Chinese patients with comorbidities had higher case fatality rates (13.2% with cardiovascular disease, 9.2% with diabetes, 8.4% with hypertension, 8.0% with chronic respiratory disease) (49) . From our pooled results, the common symptoms presented at admission were consistent with another study comprising of 1,099 COVID-19 patients (91.1% with pneumonia diagnosis) across 552 Chinese hospitals up till January 29th 2020 (52) . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Background: On 29th December 2019, a cluster of cases displaying the symptoms of a “pneumonia of unknown cause” was identified in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The search strategy involved peer-reviewed studies published between 1st January and 11th February 2020 in Pubmed, Google scholar and China Knowledge Resource Integrated database. Publications identified were screened for their title and abstracts according to the eligibility criteria, and further shortlisted by full-text screening. Three independent reviewers extracted data from these studies, and studies were assessed for potential risk of bias. Studies comprising non-overlapping patient populations, were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis of results. Pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for patient characteristics. Results: A total of 29 publications were selected after full-text review. This comprised of 18 case reports, three case series and eight cross-sectional studies on patients admitted from mid-December of 2019 to early February of 2020. A total of 533 adult patients with pooled median age of 56 (95% CI: 49–57) and a pooled prevalence of male of 60% (95% CI: 52–68%) were admitted to hospital at a pooled median of 7 days (95% CI: 7–7) post-onset of symptoms. The most common symptoms at admission were fever, cough and fatigue, with a pooled prevalence of 90% (95% CI: 81–97%), 58% (95% CI: 47–68%), and 50% (95% CI: 29–71%), respectively. Myalgia, shortness of breath, headache, diarrhea and sore throat were less common with pooled prevalence of 27% (95% CI: 20–36%), 25% (95% CI: 15–35%), 10% (95% CI: 7–13%), 8% (95% CI: 5–13%), and 7% (95% CI: 1–15%), respectively. ICU patients had a higher proportion of shortness of breath at presentation, as well as pre-existing hypertension, cardiovascular disease and COPD, compared to non-ICU patients in 2 studies (n = 179). Conclusion: This study highlights the key epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 cases during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00295 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00295 id: cord-234254-svjajpp4 author: Kohler, J. title: Robust and optimal predictive control of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-07 words: 13160.0 sentences: 657.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-234254-svjajpp4.txt summary: Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. Another example for an open-loop optimal policy applied to the COVID-19 pandemic is presented in [14] where the authors consider optimal control of the German outbreak using a slightly simpler model as the one chosen in the present paper (without distinguishing between detected and undetected individuals), which also includes an increased mortality rate if the ICU capacity is exceeded. abstract: We investigate adaptive strategies to robustly and optimally control the COVID-19 pandemic via social distancing measures based on the example of Germany. Our goal is to minimize the number of fatalities over the course of two years without inducing excessive social costs. We consider a tailored model of the German COVID-19 outbreak with different parameter sets to design and validate our approach. Our analysis reveals that an open-loop optimal control policy can significantly decrease the number of fatalities when compared to simpler policies under the assumption of exact model knowledge. In a more realistic scenario with uncertain data and model mismatch, a feedback strategy that updates the policy weekly using model predictive control (MPC) leads to a reliable performance, even when applied to a validation model with deviant parameters. On top of that, we propose a robust MPC-based feedback policy using interval arithmetic that adapts the social distancing measures cautiously and safely, thus leading to a minimum number of fatalities even if measurements are inaccurate and the infection rates cannot be precisely specified by social distancing. Our theoretical findings support various recent studies by showing that 1) adaptive feedback strategies are required to reliably contain the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) well-designed policies can significantly reduce the number of fatalities compared to simpler ones while keeping the amount of social distancing measures on the same level, and 3) imposing stronger social distancing measures early on is more effective and cheaper in the long run than opening up too soon and restoring stricter measures at a later time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03580v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-312835-a60bkohc author: Kohli, Utkarsh title: Fulminant myocarditis and atrial fibrillation in child with acute COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 words: 833.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312835-a60bkohc.txt summary: COVID-19 has manifested with ventricular dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation (AFib), in adults. We report a 15 year-old girl with acute COVID-19, fulminant myocarditis and AFib. Serum pro-NT BNP, inflammatory markers and high sensitivity troponin concentration were all markedly elevated (Supplement 1). While ventricular dysfunction and the whole gamut of arrhythmias have been reported in adults with acute COVID-19 [1] , pediatric patients have either been asymptomatic or have mostly manifested with mild respiratory illness [2] . Rare pediatric patients with COVID-19 have presented with ventricular dysfunction [3] ; however, arrhythmias such as AFib, which are exceedingly rare in otherwise healthy children, have not been reported in children with acute COVID-19 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . In a recently published single center pediatric series (n=36), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (n=5) and sustained atrial tachycardia (n=1) were noted in approximately 17 % of children with acute COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19 has manifested with ventricular dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation (AFib), in adults. However, very few pediatric patients with acute COVID-19 have had cardiac involvement. AFib, an exceedingly rare arrhythmia in otherwise healthy children, has not been reported in children with COVID-19. We report a 15 year-old girl with acute COVID-19, fulminant myocarditis and AFib. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022073620305719?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2020.10.004 id: cord-351718-sf5zp5wg author: Kohli, Utkarsh title: COVID-19 pneumonia in an infant with a hemodynamically significant ventricular septal defect date: 2020-10-12 words: 1371.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351718-sf5zp5wg.txt summary: Reports thus far suggest a mild course for acute COVID-19 infection in children; however, its effects in vulnerable paediatric populations, including children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, have rarely been reported. We therefore report on a 4-month-old Hispanic male with a moderate sized conoventricular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary overcirculation who presented with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. 6 Children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease are at an increased risk of decompensation and hospitalisation when concomitantly infected with other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, [12] [13] [14] lending credence to the notion that COVID-19 could run a more severe course in these children. Given the probable paucity of these patients at any single paediatric centre, there is a dire need for collaborative research efforts on a global scale to characterise the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 in children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease as well as other vulnerable paediatric populations. abstract: Reports thus far suggest a mild course for acute COVID-19 infection in children; however, its effects in vulnerable paediatric populations, including children with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, have rarely been reported. We therefore report on a 4-month-old Hispanic male with a moderate sized conoventricular ventricular septal defect and pulmonary overcirculation who presented with COVID-19-associated pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33040743/ doi: 10.1017/s1047951120003303 id: cord-326369-ur67a7jv author: Kokane, P. P. title: Understanding the Incidence of Covid-19 among the police force in Maharashtra through a mixed approach date: 2020-06-16 words: 4558.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326369-ur67a7jv.txt summary: Abstract Background: The study tries to understand the incidence of COVID-19 among police officials along with the challenges they face and their preparedness during the pandemic response in Maharashtra. Since a significant proportion of cases are related to occupational exposure, these at-risk groups which include the local police personnel should be given adequate social and mental health support (19) . We analyzed the trends of daily reported confirmed, active, recovered, and death cases in lockdown phases-wise in Maharashtra for the general population and the police professionals. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20125104 doi: medRxiv preprint people continued their daily life routine irrespective of government orders, the movement of people increased and resulted in increased duty time and higher exposure to the infection among police force in Maharashtra. (2020) reported that 28% of respondents have symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population during this period (26) while in our study, 50% of police personnel are mentally disturbed due to fear of COVID-19 and faces challenges at the workplace. abstract: Abstract Background: The study tries to understand the incidence of COVID-19 among police officials along with the challenges they face and their preparedness during the pandemic response in Maharashtra. Method: The study analyzed the daily trends of confirmed, active, recovered, and deceased cases for Maharashtra and police professional. Ten telephonic in-depth interviews and a descriptive survey were conducted to obtain experiences of police regarding their combat against Covid-19. Results: PPR (0.01 to 1.12), CRR (0 to 39.22) and CFR (0 to 1.07) have consistently increased and CRR found lower among police than the general population. The qualitative data by analyzing several indicators suggests that there is a higher individual efficacy over collective efficacy among the police force. Further, the long-time fight against Covid-19 had drained police force mentally and physically and this put them in higher risk. Conclusion: Immediate priority interventions like provision of protective gears need to be provided by the government to control the risk of infection among police. Holistic support and recovery system from all stakeholders of society needed for the well-being of the police force so that they can soldier on to avert such a crisis in future. Keywords: COVID-19, Police force, Efficacy url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20125104 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20125104 id: cord-253054-qipyqtsi author: Kokkoris, Michail D. title: Would You Sacrifice Your Privacy to Protect Public Health? Prosocial Responsibility in a Pandemic Paves the Way for Digital Surveillance date: 2020-09-18 words: 4873.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253054-qipyqtsi.txt summary: Second, going beyond prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility also predicted willingness to accept restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as well as to accept digital surveillance for the sake of public health. Second, going beyond prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility also predicted willingness to accept restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as well as to accept digital surveillance for the sake of public health. Specifically, we examined whether prosocial responsibility predicts on the one hand compliance with self-isolation and self-distancing measures, as prior literature suggests, and on the other hand acceptance of digital surveillance and restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as we propose. Inspection of correlation coefficients indicates that prosocial responsibility was positively correlated with compliance with measures to fight COVID-19, r = 0.50, p < 0.001; willingness to sacrifice privacy, r = 0.46, p < 0.001; past surveillance acceptance, r = 0.11, p = 0.059; willingness to accept surveillance, r = 0.41, p < 0.001; and prioritizing public health over individual freedoms when a trade-off between the two is inevitable, r = 0.57, p < 0.001. abstract: Digital surveillance methods, such as location tracking apps on smartphones, have been implemented in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, but not much is known about predictors of their acceptance. Could it be that prosocial responsibility, to which authorities appealed in order to enhance compliance with quarantine measures, also increases acceptance of digital surveillance and restrictions of privacy? In their fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world communicated that self-isolation and social distancing measures are every citizen’s duty in order to protect the health not only of oneself but also of vulnerable others. We suggest that prosocial responsibility besides motivating people to comply with anti-pandemic measures also undermines people’s valuation of privacy. In an online research conducted with US participants, we examined correlates of people’s willingness to sacrifice individual rights and succumb to surveillance with a particular focus on prosocial responsibility. First, replicating prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility was a powerful predictor of compliance with self-isolation and social distancing measures. Second, going beyond prior research, we found that perceived prosocial responsibility also predicted willingness to accept restrictions of individual rights and privacy, as well as to accept digital surveillance for the sake of public health. While we identify a range of additional predictors, the effects of prosocial responsibility hold after controlling for alternative processes, such as perceived self-risk, impact of the pandemic on oneself, or personal value of freedom. These findings suggest that prosocial responsibility may act as a Trojan horse for privacy compromises. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578618 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578618 id: cord-307477-yddx2585 author: Kolani, Sylvie title: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection date: 2020-05-11 words: 1538.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307477-yddx2585.txt summary: We present a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) in COVID-19 pneumonia and discuss the possible mechanism explaining this association. Dionísio et al, found that precipitating factors for a spontaneous pneumomediastinum present in 86.7% of cases, including coughing bouts, excessive tobacco use, inhalation of other drugs and varnishes, strenuous physical activity and emesis. Therefore, the damage of alveolar membrane in coronavirus infections can be one of the mechanism leading to alveolar rupture thus the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. At our knowledge, two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients have been reported. His chest CT revealed parenchymal abnormalities compatible with the evolution of the COVID-19 pneumonia but also a pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Our patient has no precipitating or predisposing factors of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and presented no symptoms. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is not a common presentation in the COVID-19 infection and can potentially be an aggravating factor in the management of the COVID-19 pneumonia. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema Complicating H1N1 Virus Infection abstract: We report the case of a 23 year old female admitted for management of infection by the SARS-COV-2. The chest CT found a spontaneous pneumomediastinum that resorbed over 7 days with a good clinical outcome. We will discuss the mechanism underlying the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during a COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395425/ doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00806 id: cord-180835-sgu7ayvw author: Kolic, Blas title: Data-driven modeling of public risk perception and emotion on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 words: 8284.0 sentences: 398.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-180835-sgu7ayvw.txt summary: By inspecting the correlations between the NLSs and the epidemiological indicators, we find that as the pandemic intensifies -in the sense of an increasing number of cases and deaths reported daily -our emotional response diminishes, as expected from a psychophysical numbing phenomenon. Altogether, this analysis demonstrates that words indicating a subjective emotional/affective experience and words related to death are well-separated in this Twitter data, which is consistent with the notion of psychophysical numbing as an explanation for the trends and correlations observed in Figures 1 and 2 . We also showed that the psychophysical laws of Weber-Fechner and of power law perception in humans accurately model the relationship between the frequency of words related to death and the actual daily number of Covid-19 deaths in each country. abstract: Successful navigation of the Covid-19 pandemic is predicated on public cooperation with safety measures and appropriate perception of risk, in which emotion and attention play important roles. Signatures of public emotion and attention are present in social media data, thus natural language analysis of this text enables near-to-real-time monitoring of indicators of public risk perception. We compare key epidemiological indicators of the progression of the pandemic with indicators of the public perception of the pandemic constructed from approx. 20 million unique Covid-19-related tweets from 12 countries posted between 10th March and 14th June 2020. We find evidence of psychophysical numbing: Twitter users increasingly fixate on mortality, but in a decreasingly emotional and increasingly analytic tone. We find that the national attention on Covid-19 mortality is modelled accurately as a logarithmic or power law function of national daily Covid-19 deaths rates, implying generalisations of the Weber-Fechner and power law models of sensory perception to the collective. Our parameter estimates for these models are consistent with estimates from psychological experiments, and indicate that users in this dataset exhibit differential sensitivity by country to the national Covid-19 death rates. Our work illustrates the potential utility of social media for monitoring public risk perception and guiding public communication during crisis scenarios. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.00854v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-256458-3fyul3k2 author: Kolikonda, Murali Krishnan title: Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Stroke: A Rising Concern date: 2020-08-13 words: 1167.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256458-3fyul3k2.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several chemical, mechanical, and/or inflammatory central nervous system pathologies are proposed to explain how this viral infection might induce acute cerebrovascular disease. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus 2019 (COVID19) disease, which quickly became a pandemic [1] . Beyond knowing that bacteria and viruses can be risk factors for cerebrovascular ischemia, the impact of this novel coronavirus on emergency medical issues like acute ischemic stroke remains to be clarified [2] . Although the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 causing cerebrovascular pathology is unclear, there might be a neuroinvasive potential that increases the incidence of stroke, thromboses, and related neuropsychiatric conditions [10] [11] [12] . While coronavirus precautions are being relaxed, acknowledging COVID-19 associations to cerebrovascular disease helps plan health care services and should improve clinical outcomes. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It quickly became pandemic, and so did a new concern about COVID-19 infections increasing the risk for cerebrovascular diseases. There is an association between COVID-19 illness in people and acute stroke. Several chemical, mechanical, and/or inflammatory central nervous system pathologies are proposed to explain how this viral infection might induce acute cerebrovascular disease. Timely available evaluation and/or intervention is imperative for patients with concerns about acute cerebrovascular issues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791504/ doi: 10.1159/000510134 id: cord-030956-wire1g2n author: Kolta, Marian Fayek title: COVID-19 variant radiological findings with high lightening other coronavirus family (SARS and MERS) findings: radiological impact and findings spectrum of corona virus (COVID-19) with comparison to SARS and MERS date: 2020-08-28 words: 2633.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030956-wire1g2n.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Chest CT is remarkably considered as an imminent diagnostic tool and follow-up study in pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients; being familiar to other coronavirus family CT findings, this improve our diagnostic experience and hence enhance our ability to early diagnose and combat the outbreak of COVID-19. Radiological examinations are vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course, as most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns [1] . This cross section study included 50 patients (43 males, 7 females) with age range from 32 to 75 years (mean age of 47.2 years) confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, referred for multislice CT (MSCT) assessment of the chest ( Table 1) . Variety of imaging features seen while studying MSCT of chest of COVID-19 patients shows great similarity to that described in other coronavirus-associated syndromes. abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest CT is remarkably considered as an imminent diagnostic tool and follow-up study in pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients; being familiar to other coronavirus family CT findings, this improve our diagnostic experience and hence enhance our ability to early diagnose and combat the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose is to investigate the wide spectrum of radiological pulmonary changes in COVID-19 patients and compare them to the variable CT findings reported in MERS and SARS. RESULTS: From March 15 to May 12, 2020, 50 patients in Cairo, Egypt, who have positive RT-PCR tests, were included in our study. MSCT of the chest was performed to all patients and processed in a separate work station. Two experienced radiologists assessed each study for the type and location of different pulmonary affection. The most imminent radiological finding was patchy peripheral subpleural ground glass opacity found in 42 patients (84% of cases), followed by consolidation found in 30 patients (60% of cases) and ground glass and consolidation together found in 22 patients (44% of cases). Unlike SARS, where initial chest imaging abnormalities are more frequently unilateral, COVID-19 is more likely to involve both lungs on initial imaging presented as bilateral peripheral subpleural scattered ground-glass opacities. Pleural effusion is absent in COVID-19 patients while it is not rare in MERS and might be observed in 20–33% of affected individuals. CONCLUSION: The imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia are highly sensitive mainly in the outbreak pandemic. The imaging features of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 overlap, but differences still exist especially early in disease course. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453128/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00262-7 id: cord-356164-y778k3hs author: Komiyama, Maki title: Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 985.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356164-y778k3hs.txt summary: Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. In a report on 1,099 infected individuals from China, 12.4% of current smokers and 23.8% of past smokers developed critical outcomes, including being admitted into an intensive care unit or fitted with a ventilator, or mortality. A small study from China using multivariate analysis identified the following four factors as being associated with COVID-19 deterioration: smoking history, body temperature of >37.3°C at the time of admission, respiratory failure and age ≥60 years. 21 Although only a few reports on smoking have been published to date and further accrual of evidence is warranted, smoking is likely to be an important and significant factor associated with COVID-19 severity. Cigarette smoking decreases lung function, and evidently poses a general risk factor for severe respiratory infections, thus there is an apparent association between cigarette smoking and COVID-19 severity. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already evolved into a rapidly expanding pandemic. Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. The effects of cigarette smoking on the transmission of the virus and worsening of COVID-19 have been less addressed. Emerging data indicate that smoking history is the major determinant of worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Smoking cessation recovers airway ciliary clearance and immune function. Thus, smoking cessation awareness is strongly encouraged as a public health measure to limit the global impact of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2020.11 doi: 10.15420/ecr.2020.11 id: cord-258135-9i024s08 author: Konala, Venu Madhav title: Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 1215.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258135-9i024s08.txt summary: COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who was diagnosed with influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. INTRODUCTION COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with a diagnosis of influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. The most common symptoms of influenza are fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, myalgia and arthralgia, similar to those of COVID-19. analysed common respiratory pathogens presenting as co-infections with COVID-19 from Quingdao and Wuhan. Only one of the co-infected patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and required non-invasive ventilation. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients co-infected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan CONCLUSION Influenza and COVID-19 co-infection can occur in patients and can present with similar symptoms. abstract: COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. It has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and has been declared a global pandemic by the WHO. Influenza occurs mainly during the winter, with the burden of disease determined by several factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine that season, the characteristics of the circulating viruses, and how long the season lasts. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who was diagnosed with influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. LEARNING POINTS: COVID-19 can co-occur with other viral infections. Some of these co-infections have active treatments, while supportive treatment is the mainstay of treatment for others. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001656 doi: 10.12890/2020_001656 id: cord-296619-uhhndp0a author: Kondo, Yuki title: Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus date: 2020-07-01 words: 1689.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296619-uhhndp0a.txt summary: We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We report a case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in Japan. The patient with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection presented similar clinical characteristics with COVID-19 only. Initial considerations for this patient who presented acutely with fever and cough include infection with a common virus (rhinoviruses, non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses and influenza virus) and communityacquired pneumonia. 3 The clinical characteristics of patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection were similar to those of COVID-19 cases. ► There was no significant difference in rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with and without other pathogens. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan abstract: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an international public health emergency. The possibility of COVID-19 should be considered primarily in patients with new-onset fever or respiratory tract symptoms. However, these symptoms can occur with other viral respiratory illnesses. We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. During the epidemic, the possibility of COVID-19 should be considered regardless of positive findings for other pathogens. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611659/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236812 id: cord-316006-t080mykk author: Kong, Dechuan title: Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) cases in Chinese tour groups date: 2020-07-27 words: 3188.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316006-t080mykk.txt summary: Our study describes clusters of COVID-19 cases within tour groups travelling in European countries from January 16 through 28. Tour group transmission may have occurred in the following sceParis-Shanghai, all of the confirmed and suspected cases had seats within two rows ( Figure 3 ). We reported three clusters of COVID-19 confirmed cases in three tour groups travelling in European countries and one cluster of suspected cases on one flight in late January 2020. In group A, the cluster was initiated by a familial transmission, followed by spread of disease to 13 out of 34 members in the 12-day tour. In conclusion, we reported a cluster of 13 COVID-19 cases, which was initiated by within-family transmission followed by propagative transmission into tour groups travelling in European countries. The study findings show that clustered cases in tour groups may be more propagative than simple familial transmission. Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Chinese tour groups abstract: International travel may facilitate the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The study describes clusters of COVID‐19 cases within Chinese tour groups travelling in Europe January 16–28. We compared characteristics of cases and non‐cases to determine transmission dynamics. The index case travelled from Wuhan, China, to Europe on 16 January 2020, and to Shanghai, China, on 27 January 2020, within a tour group (group A). Tour groups with the same outbound flight (group B) or the same tourism venue (group D) and all Chinese passengers on the inbound flight (group C) were investigated. The outbreak involved 11 confirmed cases, 10 suspected cases and six tourists who remained healthy. Group A, involving seven confirmed cases and six suspected cases, consisted of familial transmission followed by propagative transmission. There was less pathogenicity with propagative transmission than with familial transmission. Disease was transmitted in shared outbound flights, shopping venues within Europe and inbound flight back to China. The novel coronavirus caused clustered cases of COVID‐19 in tour groups. When tourism and travel opens up, governments will need to improve screening at airports and consider increased surveillance of tour groups—particularly those with older tour members. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657548/ doi: 10.1111/tbed.13729 id: cord-347916-9suvf3ln author: Kong, Man title: Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 words: 3303.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347916-9suvf3ln.txt summary: This study aims to assess the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 infection. A study indicated that large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in COVID-19, similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) infection [6] . The current study aimed to investigate the association between different laboratory data (including lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory biomarkers) and clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with mild and severe COVID-19 infection to reveal a potentially useful prognostic factor associated with severe morbidity. Compared with the mild group, most patients in the severe group showed higher levels of infection-related indicators, such as procalcitonin (0.07 vs. In this study, the patients in the highest NLR tertile presented a 5.9-fold increased risk of incidence of severe COVID-19 after adjustments for potential confounders were applied. abstract: In December 2019, cases of severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection rapidly progressed to acute respiratory failure. This study aims to assess the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 infection. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 210 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan from 27 January 2020 to 9 March 2020. Peripheral blood samples were collected and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Associations between tertiles of NLR and the incidence of severe illness were analysed by logistic regression. Of the 210 patients with COVID-19, 87 were diagnosed as severe cases. The mean NLR of the severe group was higher than that of the mild group (6.6 vs. 3.3, P < 0.001). The highest tertile of NLR (5.1–19.7) exhibited a 5.9-fold (95% CI 1.3–28.5) increased incidence of severity relative to that of the lowest tertile (0.6–2.5) after adjustments for age, diabetes, hypertension and other confounders. The number of T cells significantly decreased in the severe group (0.5 vs. 0.9, P < 0.001). COVID-19 might mainly act on lymphocytes, particularly T lymphocytes. NLR was identified as an early risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. Patients with increased NLR should be admitted to an isolation ward with respiratory monitoring and supportive care. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001557 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001557 id: cord-300466-sk9iilum author: Kong, Wen-Hua title: Serologic Response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients with Different Severity date: 2020-07-23 words: 2461.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300466-sk9iilum.txt summary: According to the Chinese Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) report, among 72,314 COVID-19 cases in China''s mainland most of cases (81%) presented only mild illness or moderate pneumonia, yet 14% developed severe symptoms such as dyspnea, high respiratory frequency and low blood oxygen saturation, and another 5% were in critical conditions like respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction/failure (Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response and Chinese CDC, 2020; Wu and McGoogan 2020) . In this study, we, compared the results of serologic tests and nucleic acid test (NAT) from a group of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, and analyzed the serologic IgM and IgG antibody level of patients with different disease severity. In summary, this study supported the combination of serologic testing and NAT in routine COVID-19 diagnosis and provided evidence on the temporal profile of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with different disease severity. abstract: The immense patient number caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic brings the urge for more knowledge about its immunological features, including the profile of basic immune parameters. In this study, eighty-eight reported COVID-19 patients in Wuhan were recruited from January to February, 2020, including 32 severe/critical cases and 56 mild/moderate cases. Their mean age was 56.43 years (range 17–83) and gender ratio (male/female) was 43:45. We tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA with commercial kits, investigated the level of serologic IgM and IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassays, and compared the results of serologic tests and nucleic acid test (NAT). Among 88 patients, 95.45% were confirmed as positive by the combination of NAT and antibody test, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than by single nucleic acid test (73.86%) or serologic test (65.91%). Then the correlation between temporal profile and the level of antibody response was analyzed. It showed that seroconversion started on day 5 after disease onset and IgG level was rose earlier than IgM. Comparison between patients with different disease severity suggested early seroconversion and high antibody titer were linked with less severe clinical symptoms. These results supported the combination of serologic testing and NAT in routine COVID-19 diagnosis and provided evidence on the temporal profile of antibody response in patients with different disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705575/ doi: 10.1007/s12250-020-00270-x id: cord-303232-0lwmzjxz author: Konig, Maximilian F title: Targeting the catecholamine-cytokine axis to prevent SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm syndrome date: 2020-04-08 words: 1433.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303232-0lwmzjxz.txt summary: The mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be driven by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and a dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of COVID-19 is characterized by the development of a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels are predictors of COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. As high infection rates threaten to overwhelm hospital capacity during this pandemic, preventative approaches that ameliorate COVID-19 severity and reduce excessive mortality are desperately needed. We hypothesize that treatment with prazosin of individuals who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 could reduce catecholamine surges, secondary cytokine dysregulation, and mortality. Prospective, randomized clinical trials of alpha-1 receptor antagonists (e.g. prazosin) administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms are needed to assess their efficacy in preventing CSS and reducing mortality in COVID-19. Prospective, double-blinded clinical trials of ⍺1-AR antagonists in high-risk patients, when administered prior to symptom onset, will therefore be required to assess their utility in preventing COVID-19-CSS. abstract: The mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be driven by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and a dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Emerging evidence suggests that a subset of COVID-19 is characterized by the development of a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels are predictors of COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. Targeting hyper-inflammation in COVID-19 may be critical for reducing mortality. Catecholamines enhance inflammatory injury by augmenting the production of IL-6 and other cytokines through a self-amplifying feed-forward loop in immune cells that requires alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) signaling. Prophylactic inhibition of catecholamine synthesis with the α1-AR antagonist prazosin reduced catecholamines and cytokine responses in mice, and resulted in markedly increased survival following various hyper-inflammatory stimuli. These findings offer a rationale for studying α1-AR antagonists in the prophylaxis of patients with COVID-19-CSS and ARDS. As high infection rates threaten to overwhelm hospital capacity during this pandemic, preventative approaches that ameliorate COVID-19 severity and reduce excessive mortality are desperately needed. We hypothesize that treatment with prazosin of individuals who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 could reduce catecholamine surges, secondary cytokine dysregulation, and mortality. To investigate a potential role for α1-AR antagonists in preventing poor outcomes in ARDS, we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients diagnosed with ARDS. Using data from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (2010-2017), we identified 13,125 men (age 45-64) with ARDS, of whom 655 patients (5.0%) were prescribed α1-AR antagonists in the previous year. Applying logistic regression models, we found that patients with prior use of α1-AR antagonists had lower odds of invasive mechanical ventilation compared to non-users (adjusted OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.95, p=0.019). Perhaps more importantly, those patients had a ~36% lower incidence of both being ventilated and dying in the hospital (adjusted OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.34-0.95, p=0.042). By contrast, prior use of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists was not correlated with either outcome. We extended these analyses to patients admitted with pneumonia. Of 108,956 subjects in this cohort, 5,498 patients (5.0%) were taking α1-AR antagonist. Similar to ARDS, patients with pneumonia on α1-AR antagonists (but no β-AR antagonists) had a lower odds of mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92, p<0.001) and of both being ventilated and dying in the hospital (adjusted OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.94, p=0.014) compared to non-users. Mirroring findings from pre-clinical models, these data support a clinical rationale to study α1-AR antagonists in the prevention of severe complications of pneumonia, ARDS, and COVID-19. Prospective, randomized clinical trials of alpha-1 receptor antagonists (e.g. prazosin) administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms are needed to assess their efficacy in preventing CSS and reducing mortality in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051565 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051565 id: cord-035077-qjrokb17 author: Konstantinov, Vsevolod title: COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use date: 2020-11-09 words: 1971.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035077-qjrokb17.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Impact on Kazakhstan University Student Fear, Mental Health, and Substance Use Based on earlier COVID-19 research of university students in Russia and Belorussia, we hypothesize COVID-19 fear, mental health, and substance use among Kazakh university students are linked to gender and religious status. Specifically, we believe gender predicts fear level, mental health problems, and substance use; and religiosity is not a protective factor among university students in terms of COVID-19-related mental health conditions. Present findings, consistent with earlier studies in Russia and Belarus, evidence a higher level of fear among religious female students . Kazakh study results, like those from Russia and Belarus, evidence that COVID-19 does not appear to significantly affect the pattern of student substance use. Present study findings evidence that the level of substance use among Kazakh university students is lower than that reported in Russia and other countries (Isralowitz et al. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7651818/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00412-y id: cord-252664-h02qy4z0 author: Kontis, V. title: Age- and sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics date: 2020-05-25 words: 5884.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252664-h02qy4z0.txt summary: title: Ageand sex-specific total mortality impacts of the early weeks of the Covid-19 pandemic in England and Wales: Application of a Bayesian model ensemble to mortality statistics Methods: We developed an ensemble of 16 Bayesian models that probabilistically estimate the weekly number of deaths that would be expected had the Covid-19 pandemic not occurred. We developed and applied methodology to quantify the weekly mortality impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and associated responses by age group and sex in England and Wales. We developed an ensemble of 16 short-term Bayesian mortality projection models that each make an estimate of weekly death rates that would be expected if the Covid-19 pandemic had not occurred. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20107680 doi: medRxiv preprint already a >92% probability that there were more deaths in both sexes and all age groups ≥45 years than would occur in the absence of the pandemic; the probability was 100% (i.e., every one of the 16,000 draws were positive) from the subsequent week (Figures 2 and 3) . abstract: Background: The Covid-19 pandemic affects mortality directly through infection as well as through changes in the social, environmental and healthcare determinants of health. The impacts on mortality are likely to vary, in both magnitude and timing, by age and sex. Our aim was to estimate the total mortality impacts of the pandemic, by sex, age group and week. Methods: We developed an ensemble of 16 Bayesian models that probabilistically estimate the weekly number of deaths that would be expected had the Covid-19 pandemic not occurred. The models account for seasonality of death rates, medium-long-term trends in death rates, the impact of temperature on death rates, association of death rates in each week on those in preceding week(s), and the impact of bank holidays. We used data from January 2010 through mid-February 2020 (i.e., week starting 15th February 2020) to estimate the parameters of each model, which was then used to predict the number of deaths for subsequent weeks as estimates of death rates if the pandemic had not occurred. We subtracted these estimates from the actual reported number of deaths to measure the total mortality impact of the pandemic. Results: In the week that began on 21st March, the same week that a national lockdown was put in place, there was a >92% probability that there were more deaths in men and women aged [≥]45 years than would occur in the absence of the pandemic; the probability was 100% from the subsequent week. Taken over the entire period from mid-February to 8th May 2020, there were an estimated [~] 49,200 (44,700-53,300) or 43% (37-48) more deaths than would be expected had the pandemic not taken place. 22,900 (19,300-26,100) of these deaths were in females (40% (32-48) higher than if there had not been a pandemic), and 26,300 (23,800-28,700) in males (46% (40-52) higher). The largest number of excess deaths occurred among women aged >85 years (12,400; 9,300-15,300), followed by men aged >85 years (9,600; 7,800-11,300) and 75-84 years (9,000; 7,500-10,300). The cause of death assigned to the majority (37,295) of these excess deaths was Covid-19. There was nonetheless a >99.99% probability that there has been an increase in deaths assigned to other causes in those aged [≥]45 years. However, by the 8th of May, the all-cause excess mortality had become virtually equal to deaths assigned to Covid-19, and non-Covid excess deaths had diminished to close to zero, or possibly become negative, in all age-sex groups. Interpretation: The death toll of Covid-19 pandemic, in middle and older ages, is substantially larger than the number of deaths reported as a result of confirmed infection, and was visible in vital statistics when the national lockdown was put in place. When all-cause mortality is considered, the mortality impact of the pandemic on men and women is more similar than when comparing deaths assigned to Covid-19 as underlying cause of death. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.20.20107680v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107680 id: cord-280630-2g7ygxys author: Koo, Bo Kyung title: Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening date: 2020-04-14 words: 530.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280630-2g7ygxys.txt summary: title: Glove-Wall System for Respiratory Specimen Collection and COVID-19 Mass Screening In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Korea has devised an effective strategy for massive diagnostic testing combined with isolation [1] [2] [3] . Specimen collection for COVID-19 requires heavy personal protective equipment (PPE) which is exhausting for the examiner and difficult during mass screening. Respiratory specimen is collected from the suspected patient in the Glove-Wall area where the examiner and examinee are completely separated (Fig. 1B) . To secure the safety of the examinees side and prevent cross-contamination from the surrounding environment, the examiner disinfects the fixed gloves between patients using alcohol and quaternary ammonium wipes approved for coronavirus (Fig. 1C) [4] . Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group. Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study Report on the epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Republic of Korea from abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32342674/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.219 id: cord-028300-u8hogdyf author: Koop, Royce title: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected MPs’ Representational Activities? date: 2020-06-09 words: 1916.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028300-u8hogdyf.txt summary: The pandemic has affected MPs'' daily work through increased constituent demands for service in an abruptly changed operating environment. MPs report increased volume of constituent inquiries and requests, a changed nature in these demands as constituents mostly seek assistance and information related to COVID-19, and significant implications of a remote workstyle for MPs'' daily activities and those of their staff. Most importantly, the pandemic resulted in an increased emphasis on constituents'' requests for service from MPs, which limited the diversity of representational practices normally found among MPs. While some MPs already prioritize service connections, this became the case during the pandemic for all MPs we interviewed, supplanting other types of connections. MP Churence Rogers, for example, suggests "… there''s a lot of things about this COVID pandemic that will maybe change the way that I do the job in the future." He expands, "… We also heard from some MPs that they are developing new representational connections with various local populations. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessarily affected the operation of Canada's Parliament and, thus, the activities of Members of Parliament (MPs) (Malloy, 2020; Rayment and VandenBeukel, 2020). Here, we explore how the pandemic has affected the representational activities of individual MPs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330276/ doi: 10.1017/s0008423920000566 id: cord-336455-dmaatzjc author: Kooraki, Soheil title: Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 words: 330.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336455-dmaatzjc.txt summary: title: Re: Ventilation-perfusion Scans During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak In complete agreement with the authors, the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nuclear medicine departments needs to be addressed, as the nuclear medicine department staff are at high-risk of exposure to COVID-19. In addition, contamination of the department equipment can initiate an outbreak within the healthcare facility. [5] In summary, limiting the acquisition of pulmonary V/Q scan, elimination of the ventilation phase of the scan, appropriate use of PPE by all department staff, the use of negative airway pressure in the procedure room and thorough decontamination of the procedure room after each V/Q scan can help the nuclear medicine department to minimize the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the staff, the equipment and the healthcare facility. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know COVID-19 and Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Lung Studies COVID19 -Nuclear Medicine Departments, be prepared abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.028 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.028 id: cord-253238-ptmxkpae author: Kopel, Jonathan title: Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 4148.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253238-ptmxkpae.txt summary: Furthermore, testing stool after a patient has been infected with COVID-19 may be necessary to monitor any GI complications, and the potential for fecal-oral transmission after respiratory symptoms has resolved. Despite the limited information on COVID-19 and its GI symptoms, information from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV provides some insights on the symptoms and disease severity from other CoVs. The MERS-CoV has shown to infect human primary intestinal epithelial cells, small intestine It is also found to transmit via the fecal-oral route [35] . Physicians should monitor for GI symptoms in COVID-19-infected patients and examine whether the virus continues to remain in their stools after their respiratory symptoms have resolved. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus abstract: The month of December 2019 became a critical part of the time of humanity when the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. As of April 13th, 2020, there have been approximately 1.9 million cases and 199,000 deaths across the world, which were associated with COVID-19. The COVID-19 is the seventh coronavirus to be identified to infect humans. In the past, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome were the two coronaviruses that infected humans with a high fatality, particularly among the elderly. Fatalities due to COVID-19 are higher in patients older than 50 years of age or those with multimorbid conditions. The COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, with the most common symptoms being high fever, cough, myalgia, atypical symptoms included sputum production, headache, hemoptysis and diarrhea. However, the incubation period can range from 2 to 14 days without any symptoms. It is particularly true with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in which patients can still shed the virus even after pulmonary symptoms have resolved. Given the high percentage of COVID-19 patients that present with GI symptoms (e.g., nausea and diarrhea), screening patients for GI symptoms remain essential. Recently, cases of fecal–oral transmission of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the USA and China, indicating that the virus can replicate in both the respiratory and digestive tract. Moreover, the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatments and prevention of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 remain to be elucidated. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06362-8 doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06362-8 id: cord-260629-ml1qjipn author: Kopelovich, Sarah L. title: Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date: 2020-06-19 words: 7371.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt summary: These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. Outreach teams should meet outside the residence in well-ventilated areas, to visually assess how the person is doing, present as a familiar and comforting supportive social visit, model and reinforce behaviors, deliver medications, and provide an in-person demonstration of how to use smartphones or other devices to engage in e-mental health. Several targets for assessment and treatment should be prioritized for both new and existing clients, including safety assessment and management, psychological and pharmacotherapeutic strategies to manage psychiatric symptoms and co-occurring substance use disorders, assessment and management of physical health, and augmenting care by enlisting natural supports and employing asynchronous digital health interventions. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to care continuity for community mental health clients with serious mental illness and for providers who have had to quickly pivot the modes of delivering critical services. Despite these challenges, many of the changes implemented during the pandemic can and should be maintained. These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. This paper represents the authors’ collaborative attempt to both reflect the changes to clinical practice we have observed in CMHCs across the US during this pandemic and to suggest how these changes can align with best practices identified in the empirical literature. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562033/ doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z id: cord-337482-imxkpfrn author: Koplan, Jeffrey title: Maxims for a Pandemic: Time, Distance, and Data date: 2020-10-27 words: 1220.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337482-imxkpfrn.txt summary: In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. I n their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations-Dane County, Wisconsin; the Milwaukee metropolitan area; and New York City-using agent-based simulation models (1) . They modeled variations in adherence to social distancing mandates, time of intervention, and population density. Alagoz and colleagues'' study provides an opportunity to pause and assess how modeling can and should inform COVID-19 decision making. With mass vaccination months, if not years, away and few effective therapies, the timely use of nonpharmaceutical public health interventions will reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Effect of timing of and adherence to social distancing measures on COVID-19 burden in the United States. abstract: In their article, Alagoz and colleagues explored the effect of COVID-19–related public health mandates in 3 U.S. locations. The editorialists discuss lessons from this analysis and the role of modeling to inform decision making related to the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33105096/ doi: 10.7326/m20-6934 id: cord-310891-yfouizjb author: Korada, Sai Krishna C. title: Management of COVID-19 in a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipient: A Continuity of Care Perspective date: 2020-08-20 words: 1865.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310891-yfouizjb.txt summary: Though the severe respiratory clinical manifestations of this disease have been well reported, the data regarding cardiovascular presentations and outcomes of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 are rapidly emerging. 2 This report describes the clinical course of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipient with acute COVID-19 infection from initial hospital admission to outpatient management. This includes a relatively benign clinical course in a patient with multiple co-morbidities, probably due to immunomodulatory effect of LVAD support. Management of COVID-19 infection has largely been guided by standard respiratory care, case reports, expert opinion, small randomized clinical trials, and prior experience with SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and H1N1. We describe a unique case of a patient mild COVID-19 infection on LVAD support. However, prompt diagnosis, supportive care, and close follow-up are vital in the management of LVAD recipients with COVID-19 infection. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Patient on Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Support abstract: COVID-19 is impacting the cardiovascular community both here in the United States and globally. The rapidly emerging cardiac complications have heightened implications for those with underlying cardiovascular disease. We describe an early case of COVID-19 in a left ventricular assist device recipient in the United States. We discuss our clinical management during the initial admission, outpatient management, and a unique complication of this disease over a 40-day disease course. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147956320303575 doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.012 id: cord-311535-ppkwd1kp author: Korakas, Emmanouil title: Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes date: 2020-07-01 words: 2778.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311535-ppkwd1kp.txt summary: The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercytokinemia, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular abnormalities are all possible mechanisms through which the excess in adipose tissue could lead to the acute hyperinflammatory state that characterizes severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and is responsible for its complications. abstract: Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other comorbidities. After infecting the host cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause a hyperinflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokines, a condition known as “cytokine storm,” while inducing lymphopenia and a disrupted immune response. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysregulation, but the exact mechanisms through which it exacerbates COVID-19 infection are not fully clarified. The production of increased amounts of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) lead to oxidative stress and defective function of innate and adaptive immunity, whereas the activation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness could favor the recently discovered infection of the endothelium by SARS-CoV-2, whereas alterations in cardiac structure and function and the prothrombotic microenvironment in obesity could provide a link for the increased cardiovascular events in these patients. The successful use of anti-inflammatory agents such as IL-1 and IL-6 blockers in similar hyperinflammatory settings, like that of rheumatoid arthritis, has triggered the discussion of whether such agents could be administrated in selected patients with COVID-19 disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2020 doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2020 id: cord-309238-7lbt0f03 author: Koratala, Abhilash title: Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach date: 2020-05-27 words: 2776.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309238-7lbt0f03.txt summary: title: Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach For example, lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in ARDS may be difficult to distinguish from that of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and, sometimes, patient positioning may limit the scan zones available for evaluation. We believe that a "Tri-POCUS" approach ( Fig. 1) combining LUS, focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS), and venous Doppler ultrasound can overcome the shortcomings of individual techniques and enhance the reliability by providing valuable insights into patients'' hemodynamics when interpreted in the clinical context. Evaluation of blood flow pattern in the hepatic, portal, and intrarenal veins using bedside Doppler ultrasound to assess venous congestion is another attractive means to gauge fluid status in critically ill patients, though not specifically studied in those with ARDS. abstract: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, the knowledge of its epidemiology, clinical features, and management is rapidly evolving. Nevertheless, the data on optimal fluid management strategies for those who develop critical illness remain sparse. Adding to the challenge, the fluid volume status of these patients has been found to be dynamic. Some present with several days of malaise, gastrointestinal symptoms, and consequent hypovolemia requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation, while a subset develop acute respiratory distress syndrome with renal dysfunction and lingering congestion necessitating restrictive fluid management. Accurate objective assessment of volume status allows physicians to tailor the fluid management goals throughout this wide spectrum of critical illness. Conventional point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) enables the reliable assessment of fluid status and reducing the staff exposure. However, due to specific characteristics of COVID-19 (e.g., rapidly expanding lung lesions), a single imaging method such as lung POCUS will have significant limitations. Herein, we suggest a Tri-POCUS approach that represents concurrent bedside assessment of the lungs, heart, and the venous system. This combinational approach is likely to overcome the limitations of the individual methods and provide a more precise evaluation of the volume status in critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460302/ doi: 10.1159/000508544 id: cord-352512-h58oh2jx author: Korbel, Jan O. title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists date: 2020-05-11 words: 1652.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352512-h58oh2jx.txt summary: The ability to rapidly connect with scientists in spite of institutional shutdowns has, on top of this, facilitated the engagement of researchers in collaborative activities targeted against COVID-19. Twenty-five percent of respondents reported at least 1 month and up to 6 months of work had been lost due to laboratory shutdown-with large differences seen between wet lab (73%) and dry lab (31%) researchers. The personal living conditions-for example, alone versus living with a spouse or family-and whether scientists are based in an institution within their home country or whether they are expatriates also seem to affect the level of personal impact the COVID-19 outbreak has caused. Although 49% of scientists reported that their research hours have been reduced during the COVID-19 outbreak, many indicated that they are using the times of shutdown to devote more time to data analysis (43%), manuscript or thesis writing (45%), or developing grant applications (11%) (see Fig. 1 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393316/ doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02031-1 id: cord-259250-ybfyiykz author: Korem, Sindhuja title: Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-09-21 words: 1969.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259250-ybfyiykz.txt summary: In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To date, there are only 12 published cases of COVID-19-related Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). 4 Increasing reports of neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 are emerging, but only a few cases of GBS associated with this virus have been established. The case series by Mao et al in Wuhan, China, was one of the first studies that showed neurologic manifestations in patients with COVID-19. 15 There Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) should be considered in patients with peripheral nervous system symptoms. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report abstract: Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are known to be variable with growing evidence of nervous system involvement. In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia due to symptoms of fever and cough. Two weeks later, after the resolution of upper respiratory tract symptoms, she developed symmetric ascending quadriparesis and paresthesias. The diagnosis of GBS was made through cerebrospinal fluid analysis and she was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin administration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958554/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237215 id: cord-258855-2i51eyfq author: Korman, Tony M title: Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients date: 2020-07-20 words: 580.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258855-2i51eyfq.txt summary: Risch makes an impassioned plea that we are "unable to wait for results of randomized controlled trials" for COVID-19 and should "immediately roll out" early outpatient treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ). Brazil showed a reduced hospitalization rate for 636 outpatients treated with HCQ+AZ (1.9%) compared to a "control" group of 224 patients who "refused treatment" (5.4%). Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France Empirical treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for suspected cases of COVID-19 followed-up by telemedicine The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa154 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa154 id: cord-337896-mct29erg author: Kornbluth, Asher title: Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 in New York City 2020: The Epicenter of IBD in the First Epicenter of the Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 words: 5111.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337896-mct29erg.txt summary: A number of the major GI societies, the Crohn''s & Colitis Foundation, 3 British Society of Gastroenterology, 4 European Crohn''s and Colitis Organization, 5 The American Gastroenterology Association, 6 and the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) 7 have published guidelines regarding treating the IBD patient with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. 8 The key features are that the patient without proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 should continue on their current medications with aggressive attempts to reduce steroid usage because this is the only single agent that has been associated with increased poor outcomes with COVID-19, defined in the SECURE registry as a composite score of hospitalization, intubation, or death. 14 We are now participating in the development of a database that will follow patients after clearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to determine the courses and outcomes of the IBD and of any sequelae or recurrence of COVID-19 after any drug therapy has been suspended. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa212 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa212 id: cord-311431-5pi3bzli author: Korobelnik, Jean-François title: Response to letter: COVID-19 and macular edema—a necessary blindness? date: 2020-07-18 words: 329.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311431-5pi3bzli.txt summary: that ophthalmologists have faced difficult decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic and that a delicate balance is needed to protect both lives and vision. & Minimizing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 for both the patient and healthcare staff & Simplifying anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment regimens & Prioritizing treatment for those at greatest risk of irreversible vision loss By implementing stringent safety practices and triaging those who are most vulnerable, we have the opportunity to continue to provide the best possible care to patients. With lockdown restrictions now easing in many countries, we are re-evaluating our initial guidance [1] to determine which measures can be relaxed while the infection rate remains low and which should remain in place until a suitable vaccine or treatment for COVID-19 becomes available. The updated guidance for the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and for the post-lockdown era will be available from https://www.visionacademy.org/. Guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic Conflict of interest Jean-François Korobelnik is a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Kanghong, Novartis, and Roche. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04839-w doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04839-w id: cord-275266-e6omvo5x author: Kort, Nanne P title: Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy date: 2020-07-07 words: 5308.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275266-e6omvo5x.txt summary: 7, 8 These economic factors will influence the decision to re-start elective total joint Resuming hip and knee arthroplasty after COVID-19: ethical implications for well-being, safety and the economy arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. This specific, informed consent (IC) for elective surgery in times of COVID-19 requires further discussion with the patient about higher risk of virus transmission including from healthcare workers, the long incubation period (up to 14 days), the variable nature of the disease from mild to fatal, and discussions regarding ceilings of care and the potential need for ventilation. In this challenging time, when reinstating elective surgery in a risky scenario with limited resources, surgeons have the responsibility to follow a shared decision-making process with the patient that includes an understanding of the legal aspects of complications, and COVID-19 specific, informed consent. abstract: Reinstating elective hip and knee arthroplasty services presents significant challenges. We need to be honest about the scale of the obstacles ahead and realise that the health challenges and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are potentially devastating. We must also prepare to make difficult ethical decisions about restarting elective hip and knee arthroplasty. These decisions should be based on the existing evidence-base, reliable data, the recommendations of experts, and regional circumstances. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32635761/ doi: 10.1177/1120700020941232 id: cord-103214-3lz33pj3 author: Kortuem, S. O. title: The Role of the Emergency Department in Protecting the Hospital as a Critical Infrastructure in the Corona Pandemic Strategies and Experiences of a Rural Sole Acute-Care Clinic date: 2020-09-09 words: 4293.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103214-3lz33pj3.txt summary: An essential strategic element was a very short-term restructuring of the Emergency Department with the objectives of reducing the number of cases within the clinic, detecting COVID-19 cases as sensitively as possible and separating the patient pathways at an early stage. After establishing a pre-triage with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20185819 doi: medRxiv preprint As of March 27, 2020, a specially developed algorithm for case detection was established, which, in addition to broader range of clinical criteria, focuses on the regionally observable epidemiological events in risk facilities, e. 7%) of the patients, neither direct contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases nor a stay in high-risk areas or facilities could be recorded at the time of pre-triage ( Figure 6 ). At this point, the Emergency Department has the key function of identifying those patients who need treatment with the hospital resources for medical reasons and referring other cases to the outpatient sector. abstract: Background. The Klinikum Hochrhein is responsible as a regional sole provider for the acute and emergency medical treatment of more than 170.000 people. Against the background of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 with expected high patient inflows and at the same time endangering one's own infrastructure due to intraclinical transmissions, the hospital management defined the maintenance of one's functionality as a priority protection objective in the pandemic. An essential strategic element was a very short-term restructuring of the Emergency Department with the objectives of reducing the number of cases within the clinic, detecting COVID-19 cases as sensitively as possible and separating the patient pathways at an early stage. Methods. The present work is a retrospective analysis of the processes and structures established in the Emergency Department between 27 March 2020 and 20 May 2020. In addition, a retrospective descriptive evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical data of the patients is carried out at the time of first contact during the period mentioned above. Results. After establishing a pre-triage with structured algorithms, all confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified before entering the clinic and assigned to an appropriate treatment pathway. Unprotected entry into hospital structures or nosocomial infections were not observed, although almost 35% of patients with confirmed infection were admitted due to other symptom complexes or injuries. 201 inpatient patients were initially isolated without COVID-19 being confirmed. The number of cases in the Emergency Department was 39% lower than the previous year's period, thus avoiding crowding. Discussion. The reduction in the number of cases was strategically intended and is primarily the result of a restrictive indication of in-clinical treatment but supported by a decline in emergency consultations that can be noticed anyway. The proportion of false positive triage results is probably dependent on epidemiological activity and was accepted for safety reasons as sufficient resources were available for isolation. Conclusion. Short-term organizational, spatial and procedural restructuring of the ZNA has enabled the clinic to achieve its goal of managing the pandemic. The algorithms we developed are particularly well suited to guarantee the desired level of safety in the case of a high pre-test probability. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.07.20185819v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20185819 id: cord-313992-ogdqq3dl author: Kortuem, S. O. title: Corona-Independent Excess Mortality Due to Reduced Use of Emergency Medical Care in the Corona Pandemic: A Population-Based Observational Study date: 2020-10-28 words: 4137.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313992-ogdqq3dl.txt summary: Since a drift of patients with the use of other service providers is unlikely, we assume that fears of infection in overburdened hospitals, one-sided public communication and reporting, and the extent of contact restrictions have contributed significantly to the decline in case numbers and to excess mortality (collateral damage). This paper investigates changes in the use of clinical and pre-clinical structures of emergency medical care as well as effects on overall mortality in a rural supply area during the first phase of the corona pandemic (9th to 22nd calendar week 2020). Nevertheless, the results suggest that, in our supply area, secondary pandemic mortality (collateral damage) with a quantifiable excess mortality rate of more than 16% compared to the average of previous years has occurred in connection with reduced use of emergency medical structures. abstract: Background. A significant decrease in the number of cases of emergency medical care during the first phase of the Corona pandemic has been reported from various regions of the world. Due to the lack of or delayed use of medical assistance, particularly in the case of time-critical clinical pictures (myocardial infarction, stroke), a corona collateral damage syndrome is postulated regarding possible health consequences. The present study investigates changes in the use of preclinical and clinical emergency care and effects on overall mortality in a rural area. Methods. The number of patients in the emergency department at the Klinikum Hochrhein and the ambulance service were retrospectively aggregated and analyzed regarding the total number and selected tracer diagnoses and alarm keywords. The investigation period was the 9th to 22nd calendar week 2020 compared to the identical period of the previous year. In addition, the death rates in the district were collected directly from the registries and related to the number of patients in emergency care. Results. Overall, the number of patients in clinical and preclinical emergency care declined significantly during the investigation period. This concerned in particular emergency inpatient treatment of patients with exacerbations or complications of severe chronic diseases. At the same time, excess mortality occurred in April 2020, which was still highly significant even after excluding deaths on or with COVID-19. Discussion. Only about 55 % of the excess mortality in April 2020 can be attributed to COVID-19 and is associated with the decline in inpatient emergency treatment, especially of chronically ill patients. Since a drift of patients with the use of other service providers is unlikely, we assume that fears of infection in overburdened hospitals, one-sided public communication and reporting, and the extent of contact restrictions have contributed significantly to the decline in case numbers and to excess mortality (collateral damage). Conclusion. For similar situations in the future, it is strongly recommended to make crisis communication and media coverage more balanced so as not to prevent people with acute health problems from receiving medical assistance. Contact restrictions should be critically reviewed and limited to the objectively necessary minimum. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.27.20220558 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220558 id: cord-284097-94pz1601 author: Korun, Oktay title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics date: 2020-08-13 words: 1349.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284097-94pz1601.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Congenital cardiac surgery practice can be safely maintained with restricted case volume during the pandemic period. The data of all patients who had congenital heart surgery in our clinic on the specified dates were retrospectively reviewed. However, operating theaters, intensive care units and wards used for pediatric cardiac surgery were left in the non-COVID part of the hospital and no additional regulation was made regarding the way of working. The distribution of the main procedures of 70 surgeries performed during the COVID period is shown in Table 3 The comparison of the postoperative results can be seen in Table 5 . The change of case volume, distribution, and outcomes in a congenital cardiac surgery referral center during the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated in this study. These data indicate that congenital cardiac surgery services can be safely maintained with simple measures during the pandemic period. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on congenital heart surgery practice: An alarming change in demographics abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID‐19 outbreak on congenital cardiac surgery practice in a single center. METHODS: The first case of COVID‐19 in our country was seen on March 11th, 2020. The patients operated between March 11th, 2019‐and March 10th, 2020 were taken as the pre‐COVID group, and those operated between March 11th and May 11th, 2020 were taken as the COVID group. The data was retrospectively collected, and the two periods were compared. RESULTS: Monthly average number of cases which was 52 patients/month (626 patients in 12 months) before COVID decreased to 35 patients/month (70 patients in 2 months) during COVID periods (P < .01). During the pre‐COVID period the median postoperative length of hospital stay was 3 (IQR: 1‐5) days. During the COVID period, this decreased to 1 (IQR: 1‐3) day (P < .01). During the pre‐COVID period, the hospital expenses of 17% (8/47) of the foreign nationals were covered by their homeland. The remaining 83% (39/47) were paid from the asylum seekers’ fund. The proportion of foreign nationals operated significantly decreased during the COVID period ([7%; 47/632 vs 1%; 1/70]; P = .04). No significant difference was observed in terms of STAT mortality scores and categories and postoperative results of the operations performed between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital cardiac surgery practice can be safely maintained with restricted case volume during the pandemic period. It is alarming that patients in the deprived areas cannot access pediatric cardiac surgery and possibly other health services because of closure of the borders between countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789953/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14914 id: cord-321747-u2v1w99n author: Korytkowski, Mary title: A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-04 words: 3805.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321747-u2v1w99n.txt summary: Appropriate glycemic management contributes to a reduction in adverse clinical outcomes in acute illness but also requires intensive patient interactions for bedside glucose monitoring, intravenous and subcutaneous insulin administration, as well as rapid intervention for hypoglycemia events. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 6 Some suggested methods for limiting exposure time for health personnel when caring for patients with COVID-19 includes minimizing the use of IV insulin infusions in critically ill patients, using remote continuous glucose monitoring devices (CGM) devices to minimize time spent in direct patient contract, and reconsidering use of non-insulin therapies. Previously published guidelines recommend discontinuation of non-insulin medications and initiation of insulin therapy for patients with diabetes or newly recognized hyperglycemia at time of hospital admission (5,6,11). abstract: The pandemic of COVID-19 has presented new challenges to hospital personnel providing care for infected patients with diabetes who represent more than 20% of critically ill patients in intensive care units. Appropriate glycemic management contributes to a reduction in adverse clinical outcomes in acute illness but also requires intensive patient interactions for bedside glucose monitoring, intravenous and subcutaneous insulin administration, as well as rapid intervention for hypoglycemia events. These tasks are required at a time when minimizing patient interactions is recommended as a way of avoiding prolonged exposure to COVID-19 by health care personnel who often practice in settings with limited supplies of personal protective equipment. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide guidance for clinicians for reconciling recommended standards of care for infected hospitalized patients with diabetes while also addressing the daily realities of an overwhelmed health care system in many areas of the country. The use of modified protocols for insulin administration, bedside glucose monitoring, and medications such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine that may affect glycemic control are discussed. Continuous glucose monitoring systems have been proposed as an option for reducing time spent with patients, but there are important issues that need to be addressed if these are used in hospitalized patients. On site and remote glucose management teams have potential to provide guidance in areas where there are shortages of personnel who have expertise in inpatient glycemic management. url: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa342 doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa342 id: cord-265022-p5cab562 author: Kotfis, Katarzyna title: COVID-19: ICU delirium management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 5426.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265022-p5cab562.txt summary: Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many hospitalized patients with COVID-19 will develop delirium, and given early insights into the pathobiology of this virus indicating invasion into the brain stem, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat these critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management may prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). abstract: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2-causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged as a public health threat in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Delirium, a dangerous untoward prognostic development, serves as a barometer of systemic injury in critical illness. The early reports of 25% encephalopathy from China are likely a gross underestimation, which we know occurs whenever delirium is not monitored with a valid tool. Indeed, patients with COVID-19 are at accelerated risk for delirium due to at least seven factors including (1) direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion, (2) induction of CNS inflammatory mediators, (3) secondary effect of other organ system failure, (4) effect of sedative strategies, (5) prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (6) immobilization, and (7) other needed but unfortunate environmental factors including social isolation and quarantine without family. Given early insights into the pathobiology of the virus, as well as the emerging interventions utilized to treat the critically ill patients, delirium prevention and management will prove exceedingly challenging, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main focus during the COVID-19 pandemic lies within organizational issues, i.e., lack of ventilators, shortage of personal protection equipment, resource allocation, prioritization of limited mechanical ventilation options, and end-of-life care. However, the standard of care for ICU patients, including delirium management, must remain the highest quality possible with an eye towards long-term survival and minimization of issues related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article discusses how ICU professionals (e.g., physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacologists) can use our knowledge and resources to limit the burden of delirium on patients by reducing modifiable risk factors despite the imposed heavy workload and difficult clinical challenges posed by the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02882-x id: cord-316065-fn64o0id author: Kotian, Rahul P title: Knowledge and understanding among medical imaging professionals in India during the rapid rise of the covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-25 words: 2792.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316065-fn64o0id.txt summary: An online cross-sectional survey during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak was used to assess the knowledge and understanding among MIPs on COVID-19 in India between March 31, 2020 to April 05, 2020, the second week after the national lockdown. The overall questionnaire had 15 questions (Table 1) : regarding clinical presentations, regarding transmission routes and regarding prevention and control during Medical Imaging procedures of COVID-19. The questions regarding practices followed by the imaging professionals on considering air-exchange rate in imaging rooms, after scanning a suspected COVID-19 patient was unclear with respondents having mixed responses (15.5%) 15 min, (28.4%) 30 min, 1 (28.5%) and 2 (27.6%) hour respectively. Despite these limitations, the present study provides vital information about the knowledge and understanding of medical imaging professionals during the rapid rise period of COVID-19. abstract: During the first week of March,2020 the surge of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases reached all over the globe with more than 100,000 cases. Healthcare national and international authorities have already initiated awareness and lockdown activities. A poor understanding of the disease among medical imaging professionals (MIPs) may result in rapid spread of infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and understanding of MIPs about COVID-19. A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among MIPs about COVID- 19 during the fourth week of March 2020. An online sample of MIPs was successfully recruited via the authors’ networks in India using data collection tool – write google forms. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge and understanding questionnaire consisted questions regarding the clinical characteristics and transmission routes of COVID-19. Assessment on practices towards COVID-19 included questions on techniques while imaging against COVID-19 suspected patients. Of 700 participants, a total of 550 MIPs completed the survey (response rate: 78.57%); 56.7% were males, 85.4.1% were aged 17–26 years, and most were undergraduates (77.6%) and postgraduates (17.1%). Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants answered correctly (95.5%) on symptoms, (84.4%) time interval for visible symptoms, (98.0%) transmission and (44%) airborne transmission respectively. A significant proportion of MIPs (36.4%) had poor knowledge about wearing multiple masks as an effective measure against coronavirus infection. Most of the respondents (48.5%) incorrectly considered X-ray as the reliable method of diagnosis for suspected COVID-19 patients. 44.6% of the respondents lacked knowledge about the steps involved in hand washing technique which is one of the most important safety practice methods in medical imaging to prevent spread of infection. Factors such as age and occupation were associated with inadequate knowledge and poor perception of COVID-19. As the current global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is crucial and critical to improve the knowledge and understanding of MIPs. Educational videos and live webinars are urgently needed to reach MIPs and further detailed studies are the need of the hour. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12553-020-00437-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837806/ doi: 10.1007/s12553-020-00437-2 id: cord-321062-j4cd1uho author: Kottlors, Jonathan title: Body composition on Low Dose Chest CT is a Significant Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Disease - a Multicenter Feasibility Study date: 2020-09-09 words: 3785.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321062-j4cd1uho.txt summary: Considering the above-mentioned theory that obesity as well as a comparatively lower muscle area represented in a high FMR may have an unfavorable influence on the outcome of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, the purpose of this study was to analyze the FMR as an early biomarker in an early LDCT of the chest for a poor clinical outcome and the necessity of intensive care treatment within the follow up period. 20, 24 Since several studies showed a strong correlations between body composition and measurements on axial CT slices, we J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f used these established methods to quantify obesity in the initial LDCT-scan of COVID-19 patients to predict the clinical course of the COVID-19 patients. Using the FMR measured in the initial LDCT examination -derived from the ratio of total cross-sectional circumference to muscle area -it was possible to predict whether a patient would need intensive care treatment in the period following admission. abstract: PURPOSE: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest is a recommended diagnostic tool in early stage of COVID-19 pneumonia. High age, several comorbidities as well as poor physical fitness can negatively influence the outcome within COVID-19 infection. We investigated whether the ratio of fat to muscle area, measured in initial LDCT, can predict severe progression of COVID-19 in the follow-up period. METHOD: We analyzed 58 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection that underwent an initial LDCT in one of two included centers due to COVID-19 infection. Using the ratio of waist circumference per paravertebral muscle circumference (FMR), the body composition was estimated. Patient outcomes were rated on an ordinal scale with higher numbers representing more severe progression or disease associated complications (hospitalization/ intensive care unit (ICU)/ tracheal intubation/ death) within a follow-up period of 22 days after initial LDCT. RESULTS: In the initial LDCT a significantly higher FMR was found in patients requiring intensive care treatment within the follow-up period. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, FMR (p < .001) in addition to age (p < .01), was found to be a significant predictor of the necessity for ICU treatment of COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: FMR as potential surrogate of body composition and obesity can be easily determined in initial LDCT of COVID-19 patients. Within the multivariate analysis, in addition to patient age, low muscle area in proportion to high fat area represents an additional prognostic information for the patient outcome and the need of an ICU treatment during the follow-up period within the next 22 days. This multicentric pilot study presents a method using an initial LDCT to screen opportunistically for obese patients who have an increased risk for the need of ICU treatment. While clinical capacities, such as ICU beds and ventilators, are more crucial than ever to help manage the current global corona pandemic, this work introduces an approach that can be used for a cost-effective way to help determine the amount of these rare clinical resources required in the near future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32961451/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109274 id: cord-315358-22srds0e author: Kovacs, George title: Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-03-30 words: 1874.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315358-22srds0e.txt summary: 3 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in respiratory distress with persistent hypoxemia and who are showing signs of fatigue (altered mental status) despite escalation of oxygen therapy (i.e., non-rebreather face mask at 15 L/min) are at significant risk for requiring urgent intubation. 5 Another major reason why airway management in COVID-19 patients is different relates to the details and sequencing related to provider safety. Answer: There is considerable discussion and concern amongst healthcare providers around the availability and access of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for high-risk AGPs such as intubation. 6 While every institution should have access to PPE for providers performing an AGP, it is important to ask the question of whether these recommendations are what is best for a provider in a room (negative pressure or not) preparing to intubate the sickest of COVID-19 patients. • Airway management of COVID-19 patients requires a paradigm shift from a focus primarily on patientoriented outcomes to one that focuses on provider safety. abstract: A previously healthy 42-year-old male developed a fever and cough shortly after returning to Canada from overseas. Initially, he had mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a cough. He was aware of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the advisory to self-isolate and did so; however, he developed increasing respiratory distress over several days and called 911. On arrival at the emergency department (ED), his heart rate was 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 32 per/min, and oxygenation saturation 82% on room air. As per emergency medical services (EMS) protocol, they placed him on nasal prongs under a surgical mask at 5 L/min and his oxygen saturation improved to 86%. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.353 doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.353 id: cord-324186-yw5qpbme author: Kovalic, Alexander J. title: Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-28 words: 2412.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324186-yw5qpbme.txt summary: title: Prevalence of chronic liver disease in patients with COVID-19 and their clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis In this novel systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of underlying chronic liver disease was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 infections and mortality. It is not known whether patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are more likely to develop COVID-19 as there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of CLD among patients Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1207 2-020-10078 -2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. abstract: Abnormal liver enzymes are seen in 20% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The etiology of elevated liver enzymes is thought to be multifactorial including medications and underlying liver disease. The true prevalence and clinical significance of underlying chronic liver diseases (CLD) in COVID-19 remains poorly defined. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we included 74 clinical studies that were identified after a thorough literature search across three databases. The prevalence of CLD patients (73 studies, 24,299 patients) was 3% among all COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of CLD patients was similar in COVID-19 positive and negative population (pooled OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.60, 1.05], p = 0.10). The presence of CLD was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 infection (pooled OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.17, 1.87], p = 0.001) and overall mortality (pooled OR 1.78 [95% CI 1.09, 2.93], p = 0.02). Additionally, there was a non-significant trend noted for increased ICU admissions and need for invasive mechanical ventilation among COVID-19 patients with CLD. To date, the clinical importance of chronic liver diseases among COVID-19 infection has remained undefined. In this novel systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of underlying chronic liver disease was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 infections and mortality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-020-10078-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10078-2 doi: 10.1007/s12072-020-10078-2 id: cord-256309-hbdrobn1 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Meta-analysis of Effectiveness of Statins in Patients with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 words: 962.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256309-hbdrobn1.txt summary: Some researchers [6] have also argued that statins might promote the development of a more severe course of COVID-19 due to activation of the inflammasome pathway in acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to increased pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and subsequent cytokine storm [7, 8] . Individual observational studies [9] [10] [11] [12] have since reported on this area and we carried out a meta-analysis to summarise the existing evidence on the effect of statins on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 from adjusted analyses. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and medRxiv (preprint repository) databases, up to 27 July 2020, for studies evaluating the risk of severe illness and/or mortality in COVID-19 among statin users compared to non-statin users, with the following keywords and their MeSH terms: Studies were included if they are of cohort or case-control design, included patients with confirmed COVID-19, and with data available to compare the risk of severe illness and/or mortality among statin users compared to non-statin users in adjusted analyses. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002914920308237 doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.004 id: cord-264535-zhz9wzh9 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 415.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264535-zhz9wzh9.txt summary: Firstly, the authors suggested that the reduction of weight with the use of metformin, especially among obese patients, may have a protective effect on mortality from COVID-19. 5 Since vitamin B12 plays an important role in immune system regulation, its deficiency may negate the potential protective effects, if any, from COVID-19 and its associated mortality. Specifically, cellular immunity, especially related to CD8+cells and the natural killer cells, may be impaired in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo-controlled trial Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the diabetes prevention program outcomes study Immunomodulation by vitamin B12: augmentation of CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitamin B12-deficient patients by methyl-B12 treatment Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus abstract: There are a few aspects that we would like to add to complement the discussion in EL-Arabey and Abdalla [1]. Firstly, the authors suggested that the reduction of weight with the use of metformin, especially among obese patients, may have a protective effect on mortality from COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26090 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26090 id: cord-265006-m1dmgcd1 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Do the meta-analyses provide a clean bill of health to the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19? date: 2020-08-08 words: 842.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265006-m1dmgcd1.txt summary: In fact, we are aware of the publication of few systematic reviews and metaanalyses [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] which included these observational studies with questionable quality to determine the association between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors use, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and mortality/severity of COVID-19. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers ACEI/ARB use and risk of infection or severity or mortality of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Outcomes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1167 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1167 id: cord-268347-xz6fptol author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for systemic rheumatic diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic: more questions than answers date: 2020-08-16 words: 2665.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268347-xz6fptol.txt summary: It is not known for certain if there is an association between any pharmacological agent used for rheumatologic treatment, including biological and non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and an increased risk of COVID-19 acquisition or adverse outcomes from COVID-19, although these agents have been associated with an overall higher risk of infections. To illustrate, the aforementioned prospective case series [3] that included 86 patients from New York with confirmed or presumptive COVID-19 with concurrent immunemediated inflammatory disease reported no increased odds of COVID-19 hospitalization among those who were receiving biological agents or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors at baseline [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.85; 95% CI 0.71-1.02]. There are proven benefits for initiation or continuation of any pharmacological agents for the management of systemic rheumatic diseases, including treatment with conventional DMARDs and other immunosuppressive agents (e.g. hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, leflunomide, tacrolimus, ciclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine), as well as biological DMARDs, such as abatacept, tocilizumab and JAK inhibitors (e.g. tofacitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib). abstract: Thus far, associations between the presence of systemic rheumatic disease and an increased risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acquisition or a worse prognosis from COVID-19 have not been conclusive. It is not known for certain if there is an association between any pharmacological agent used for rheumatologic treatment, including biological and non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and an increased risk of COVID-19 acquisition or adverse outcomes from COVID-19, although these agents have been associated with an overall higher risk of infections. The pharmacological management of patients with a rheumatic disease without COVID-19 should currently follow usual treatment approaches. Individualized approaches to adjusting DMARD regimens in patients with documented COVID-19 seems prudent, with specific attention paid to the severity of the infection. Patients receiving antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine) may continue treatment with these agents. Treatment with sulfasalazine, methotrexate, leflunomide, immunosuppressants and biological agents other than interluekin-6 receptor inhibitors and JAK inhibitors should be stopped or withheld. It should be reasonable to resume DMARD treatment when patients are no longer symptomatic and at least 2 weeks after documentation of COVID-19, although the decision should be individualized, preferably based on infection severity. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40267-020-00767-1 doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00767-1 id: cord-286241-ej9guh4d author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? date: 2020-10-21 words: 323.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286241-ej9guh4d.txt summary: key: cord-286241-ej9guh4d title: Interleukin-6 blockade with tocilizumab in COVID-19: Does it live up to its hype? cord_uid: ej9guh4d The findings from randomized controlled trials have proved that the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 did not live up to the hype, where the increased concentration of IL-6 does not imply that its neutralization will be effective in COVID-19.. 5 compared the concentrations of IL-6 between 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and 36 patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. The findings of this prospective study, coupled with the findings from two randomized controlled trials that failed to detect mortality benefits with tocilizumab, suggest that IL-6 may not be the cytokine that drives the progression of COVID-19. Tocilizumab among patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a multicentre observational study Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Is Interleukin 6 the Right Target in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33158786/ doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.004 id: cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 author: Kow, Chia Siang title: The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 270.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291585-a6y8k1a5.txt summary: key: cord-291585-a6y8k1a5 title: The use of antiplatelet agents for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 cord_uid: a6y8k1a5 1 to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed acute arterial thrombosis. Based on the reported findings, we observed that the proportion of COVID-19 patients with major cardiovascular risk factors who developed acute arterial thrombosis is higher than that of their non-COVID-19 counterparts. This finding hinted at the possibility that thromboinflammation plays a greater role for the development of arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 patients than traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we would like to propose routine antiplatelet therapy (low-dose aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, ticlopidine, and dipyridamole) for arterial thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients who are deemed at heightened risk for the development of acute arterial thrombosis. Arterial thrombotic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1885585720303716 doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.009 id: cord-332942-l0tbak9l author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Macrolides for patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection date: 2020-10-16 words: 680.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332942-l0tbak9l.txt summary: Nonetheless, we are concerned with the use of macrolides among patients with COVID-19 and concurrent pertussis infection. A recent systematic review and metaanalysis reported an increased risk of death with the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine though this was not the case for the use of hydroxychloroquine alone, among patients with COVID-19 [4] . Likewise, a follow-up study of a randomized trial evaluating 4,373 patients with stable coronary heart disease who received either clarithromycin or placebo for the treatment of atherosclerosis reported an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with the use of clarithromycin during the first three years of follow-up [8] . This may be the reason for the increased risk of death with the use of azithromycin in combination with hydroxychloroquine in this patient population. Effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0732889320306222 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115245 id: cord-345686-zy3sulbi author: Kow, Chia Siang title: Revascularization strategy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction amid COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-04 words: 589.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345686-zy3sulbi.txt summary: We read with great interest the consensus on the management of acute coronary syndrome in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the Taiwan Society of Cardiology [1] . However, we are deeply concerned about the recommended revascularization strategy for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) where fibrinolytic therapy is considered before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as depicted in the proposed algorithm. It should also be recognized that many patients have a persistent reduction in blood flow in the infarct-related artery after fibrinolysis and thus are at persistent risk for reinfarction since the clinical benefits of fibrinolytic therapy are observed only with the restoration of normal flow. Management of acute coronary syndrome in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019: Consensus from Taiwan Society of Cardiology abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929664620303533?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.07.041 id: cord-355577-w1yhtbz8 author: Kowalski, Luiz Paulo title: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology date: 2020-05-22 words: 4750.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355577-w1yhtbz8.txt summary: Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. Specifically, we collected data regarding the impact of de COVID-19 pandemic on: 1) the amount and type of outpatient appointments, surgeries and exams with the risk of generating aerosols; 2) availability of adequate PPE in different settings and practices; 3) the preparedness of the responder''s health institution in orienting their HCPs and developing strategies to manage COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients. Although the pandemic is already in its 7 th week in Brazil, since the identification of the 1 st case, 45.3% and 48.8% of physicians in the private and public sectors, respectively, reported that they had not received face-to-face or distance training in the management of confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19. abstract: Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and it is highly transmissible, especially through respiratory droplets. To prepare the health system for the care of these patients also led to a restriction in the activity of several medical specialties. Physicians who work with patients affected by diseases of the head and neck region constitute one of the populations most vulnerable to COVID-19 and also most affected by the interruption of their professional activities. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists in Brazil. Methods An anonymous online survey of voluntary participation was applied, containing 30 questions regarding demographic aspects, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and impact on the routine of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as clinical oncologists and radiation oncologists who work with head and neck diseases. Results Seven hundred and twenty-nine answers were received in a period of 4 days, ∼ 40 days after the 1 (st) confirmed case in Brazil. With professionals working in public and private services, there was a high level of concerns with the disease and its consequences, limited availability of PPE and a significant decrease in the volume of specialized medical care. Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754234/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712169 id: cord-296312-nh4poc71 author: Kowitt, Sarah D. title: Tobacco Quit Intentions and Behaviors among Cigar Smokers in the United States in Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-25 words: 4860.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296312-nh4poc71.txt summary: Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. Due to the potential negative health outcomes associated with COVID-19, it is possible that many tobacco users feel more vulnerable to its health effects and are trying to quit using tobacco-which aligns with both previous research and theory on risk perception [12, 13] . We first examined bivariate associations with our two outcomes (quit intentions and quit attempts) and all correlates of interest-participant characteristics, tobacco use variables, and other COVID-19 variables. Specifically, quit intentions and odds of making a quit attempt were higher in people who reported decreasing their tobacco use and people with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, which is in line with what is often called the "vulnerability hypothesis". abstract: Combustible tobacco users appear to be at greater risk for serious complications from COVID-19. This study examined cigar smokers’ perceived risk of COVID-19, quit intentions, and behaviors during the current pandemic. We conducted an online study between 23 April 2020 to 7 May 2020, as part of an ongoing study examining perceptions of different health effects of cigars. All participants used cigars in the past 30 days (n = 777). Three-quarters of the sample (76.0%) perceived they had a higher risk of complications from COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. The majority of participants (70.8%) intended to quit in the next six months due to COVID-19, and almost half of the sample (46.5%) reported making a quit attempt since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Far more participants reported increasing their tobacco use since COVID-19 started (40.9%) vs. decreasing their tobacco use (17.8%). Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. More research is needed to understand how tobacco users are perceiving COVID-19 risks and changing their tobacco use behaviors. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155368 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155368 id: cord-281090-v3icun6z author: Kozlowski, Hannah N. title: COVID‐19: A Pandemic Experience that Illuminates Potential Reforms to Health Research date: 2020-09-30 words: 2412.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281090-v3icun6z.txt summary: All rights reserved To meet the COVID-19 challenge, the global scientific community focused human and material resources to develop new drugs, therapies, vaccines, diagnostics and so on. We highlight the critical importance of cooperation and compassion in maintaining productivity during the pandemic and identify opportunities for shaping a new era of research with increased patient engagement, fewer silos and a shared goal of improving health and decreasing disease burden. The development of ready-for-use clinical products during the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered cooperativity, engagement and investment in a common goal (Figure 1 ), enabled by a shared view of the problem and a genuine desire to contribute to its solution. The scale and speed of these agreements was only possible because academic researchers and private industry worked together with a shared understanding of the problem and jointly identified their collective goals, expertise, available resources and clinical networks. abstract: COVID‐19 has halted research around the globe and forced researchers out of their labs. Non‐emergency medical appointments were cancelled. Ongoing clinical trials were challenged to create new modes of operation while public pressure mounted to find therapeutic options against COVID‐19. Yet, the inability to conduct research during COVID‐19 was overcome with cooperation, resource sharing, and compassion, which provides important lessons on how to improve health related research as we enter a new normal. url: https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013278 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202013278 id: cord-345730-bxwsup70 author: Kočar, Eva title: Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and COVID-19: basic concepts and clinical applications date: 2020-11-04 words: 4028.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345730-bxwsup70.txt summary: In vitro depletion of membrane-bound cholesterol from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)-expressing cells led to a reduced infectivity of CoVs, since the binding of the spike protein was reduced by half [44] . By participating in cholesterol outflow from the cell membrane to HDL particles, PON1 contributes to lowering the cholesterol levels within lipid rafts, thus modulating viral infection (Fig. 1c) . Therefore, it is intriguing to contemplate whether NAFLD patients without treatment are more J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection, or whether statin application may directly affect the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell by regulating cholesterol cell levels. As lipid lowering drugs, statins might thus significantly reduce the attachment and internalization of SARS-CoV-2 by lowering membrane cholesterol levels (Fig. 1c ) [37] . abstract: This review provides an overview of lipids and lipid metabolism in relation to COVID-19, with special attention on cholesterol. Cholesterol enriched lipid rafts represent a platform for viruses to enter the host cell by endocytosis. Generally, higher membrane cholesterol coincides with higher efficiency of COVID-19 entry. Inversely, patients with COVID-19 show lowered levels of blood cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoproteins. The modulated efficiency of viral entry can be explained by availability of SR-B1 and LDL-receptors. Especially HDL seems to have a variety of roles, from being itself a scavenger for viruses, an immune modulator and mediator of viral entry. Due to inverse roles of membrane cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol in COVID-19 infected patients, treatment of these patients with cholesterol lowering statins remains controversial. In conclusion, cholesterol and lipoproteins are potential markers for monitoring the viral infection status where mechanistic inconsistencies warrant immediate further research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33157278/ doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158849 id: cord-314349-rhm1ii3d author: Kraft, Miquel title: Incidence, features, outcome and impact on health system of de-novo abdominal surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 words: 2709.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314349-rhm1ii3d.txt summary: Summary Background Data Gastrointestinal involvement has been described in COVID-19; however, no clear figures of incidence, epidemiology and economic impact exist for de-novo surgical diseases in hospitalized patients Methods This is a prospective study including all patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 rT-PCR, between 1 March and 15 May 2020 at two Tertiary Hospitals. The overall median length of stay(LOS) of patients admitted to ICU was longer in those requiring surgical consultation compared with those who did not (51.5 vs 25 days,p=0.0042). Patients requiring surgical consultation and treatment for de-novo surgical disease had longer median ICU-LOS (31.5 vs 12 days, p=0.0004). In this study, the overall incidence of de-novo surgical disease in hospitalized patients for COVID-19 was 0.32% in two tertiary hospitals during the peak phase of the pandemic, which increased to 1.9% when only considering patients already admitted in ICU for COVID-19. abstract: Objective to assess the epidemiology and features of de novo surgical diseases in patients admitted with COVID-19, and their impact on patients and healthcare system. Summary Background Data Gastrointestinal involvement has been described in COVID-19; however, no clear figures of incidence, epidemiology and economic impact exist for de-novo surgical diseases in hospitalized patients Methods This is a prospective study including all patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 rT-PCR, between 1 March and 15 May 2020 at two Tertiary Hospitals. Patients with known surgical disease at admission were excluded. Sub-analyses were performed with a consecutive group of COVID-19 patients admitted during the study period, who did not require surgical consultation. Results Ten out of 3089 COVID-19 positive patients (0.32%) required surgical consultation. Among those admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) incidence was 1.9%. Mortality was 40% in patients requiring immediate surgery and 20% in those suitable for conservative management. The overall median length of stay(LOS) of patients admitted to ICU was longer in those requiring surgical consultation compared with those who did not (51.5 vs 25 days,p=0.0042). Patients requiring surgical consultation and treatment for de-novo surgical disease had longer median ICU-LOS (31.5 vs 12 days, p=0.0004). A median of two post-surgical complications were registered for each patient undergoing surgery. Complication-associated costs were as high as 38,962 USD per patient. Conclusions Incidence of de-novo surgical diseases is low in COVID-19, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Future studies should elucidate the mechanism underlying the condition and identify strategies to prevent the need for surgery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972853/ doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.006 id: cord-340799-1awmtj52 author: Krajewska, Joanna title: Review of practical recommendations for otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations for otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 7941.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340799-1awmtj52.txt summary: Laryngectomy patients and individuals after tracheotomy with COVID-19 carry a particularly high risk of infecting ENT specialists and other members of medical staff as the way of breathing is these individuals is modified and enables the easy spread of SARS-CoV-2 containing aerosolized tracheal secretions [11] . In accordance with such high risk of infection, only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed by ENT specialists in times of COVID-19 pandemic in areas with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases [23, 28] . American Head and Neck Society, AAO-HNS, and the American Colleges of Surgeons, recommended that preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 presence should be performed in all individuals undergoing high-risk procedures [22, 30] . Patients with acute airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy should be considered as COVID-19 positive, as there is no time for SARS-CoV-2 testing in case of such urgent surgery [29] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Otolaryngologists are at very high risk of COVID-19 infection while performing examination or surgery. Strict guidelines for these specialists have not already been provided, while currently available recommendations could presumably change in course of COVID-19 pandemic as the new data increases. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to synthesize evidence concerning otolaryngology during COVID‐19 pandemic. It presents a review of currently existing guidelines and recommendations concerning otolaryngological procedures and surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic, and provides a collective summary of all crucial information for otolaryngologists. It summarizes data concerning COVID-19 transmission, diagnosis, and clinical presentation highlighting the information significant for otolaryngologists. METHODS: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without time limit using terms ‘‘COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “head and neck surgery”, “otorhinolaryngological manifestations”. RESULTS: Patients in stable condition should be consulted using telemedicine options. Only emergency consultations and procedures should be performed during COVID-19 pandemic. Mucosa-involving otolaryngologic procedures are considered high risk procedures and should be performed using enhanced PPE (N95 respirator and full face shield or powered air-purifying respirator, disposable gloves, surgical cap, gown, shoe covers). Urgent surgeries for which there is not enough time for SARS-CoV-2 screening are also considered high risk procedures. These operations should be performed in a negative pressure operating room with high-efficiency particulate air filtration. Less urgent cases should be tested for COVID-19 twice, 48 hours preoperatively in 24 hours’ interval. CONCLUSIONS: This review serves as a collection of current recommendations for otolaryngologists for how to deal with their patients during COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.022 id: cord-296483-x95lwwnm author: Kranke, Peter title: Geburtshilfliche Anästhesie während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Übersicht der Handlungsempfehlungen date: 2020-04-09 words: 1995.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296483-x95lwwnm.txt summary: Diese Annahmen stützten sich möglicherweise auf den Umstand, dass die Morbidität Schwangerer bei saisonaler Influenza höher ist als in einem Vergleichskollektiv [4 -6] und im beschriebenen Kollektiv zu einer gegenüber einem Vergleichskollektiv überproportionalen Frühgeburtlichkeit von 24-25 % führte [7] . In Bezug auf die vertikale Übertragung (Übertragung von der Mutter auf das Kind prä-oder intrapartal) zeigen nahezu alle publizierten Fallberichte aus China keine Hinweise für eine Übertragung auf den Fetus [9, 15 -17] . Einschränkend sollte berücksichtigt werden, dass es sich bislang nur um einen einzigen Fallbericht handelt und es im Rahmen der systemischen Inflammation möglicherweise zu einem erhöhten Transfer von Antikörpern kommen könnte. Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection Empfehlungen des RKI zu Hygienemaßnahmen im Rahmen der Behandlung und Pflege von Patienten mit einer Infektion durch SARS-CoV-2 (23.03.2020). abstract: The most common human corona viruses cause common colds. But three of these viruses cause more serious, acute diseases; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS by MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV and COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2. The current outbreak was classified by the WHO as a “global public health emergency”. Despite all efforts to reduce the surgical lists and to cancel or postpone non-time-critical surgical interventions, some surgical and anesthetic interventions outside of intensive care medicine are still necessary and must be performed. This is particularly true for obstetric interventions and neuraxial labor analgesia. Workload in the delivery room is presumably not going to decrease and planned cesarean sections cannot be postponed. In the meantime, the clinical course and outcome of some COVID-19 patients with an existing pregnancy or peripartum courses have been reported. There are already numerous recommendations from national and international bodies regarding the care of such patients. Some of these recommendations will be summarized in this manuscript. The selection of aspects should by no means be seen as a form of prioritization. The general treatment principles in dealing with COVID-19 patients and the recommendations for action in intensive care therapy also apply to pregnant and postpartum patients. In this respect, there are naturally considerable redundancies and only a few aspects apply strictly or exclusively to the cohort of obstetric patients. In summary, at present it must be stated that the general care recommendations that also apply to non-COVID-19 patients are initially valid with regard to obstetric anesthesia. Nevertheless, the special requirements on the part of hygiene and infection protection result in special circumstances that should be taken into account when caring for pregnant patients from an anesthetic point of view. These relate to both medical aspects, but also to a particular extent logistics issues with regard to spatial separation, staffing and material resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32274774/ doi: 10.1055/a-1144-5562 id: cord-333703-1ku3jc9s author: Kraus, Aurora title: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-08 words: 8452.0 sentences: 605.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333703-1ku3jc9s.txt summary: Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was sufficient to elevate larval heart rate and treatment with captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reverted this effect. In mice and humans, ace2 expression is detected in 121 sustentacular cells, olfactory stem cells known as horizontal and globose basal cells in the 122 olfactory epithelium, and vascular cells (pericytes) in the olfactory bulb (Brann et al., 2020 The present study reports for the first time that zebrafish larvae exposed to SARS-CoV-2 appear 134 to mount innate immune responses that resemble cytokine responses of mild COVID-19 patients. There are copious amounts of immune cells in the teleost olfactory organ ( Intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD induces inflammatory responses and 318 widespread loss of olfactory receptor expression in adult zebrafish olfactory organ 319 320 abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the search for animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiology observed in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 and allow rapid and high throughput testing of drugs and vaccines. Exposure of larvae to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) recombinant protein was sufficient to elevate larval heart rate and treatment with captopril, an ACE inhibitor, reverted this effect. Intranasal administration of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD in adult zebrafish recombinant protein caused severe olfactory and mild renal histopathology. Zebrafish intranasally treated with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD became hyposmic within minutes and completely anosmic by 1 day to a broad-spectrum of odorants including bile acids and food. Single cell RNA-Seq of the adult zebrafish olfactory organ indicated widespread loss of expression of olfactory receptors as well as inflammatory responses in sustentacular, endothelial, and myeloid cell clusters. Exposure of wildtype zebrafish larvae to SARS-CoV-2 in water did not support active viral replication but caused a sustained inhibition of ace2 expression, triggered type 1 cytokine responses and inhibited type 2 cytokine responses. Combined, our results establish adult and larval zebrafish as useful models to investigate pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 and perform pre-clinical drug testing and validation in an inexpensive, high throughput vertebrate model. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.368191 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.06.368191 id: cord-319538-bawzonq1 author: Krause, Martin title: Association between procalcitonin levels and duration of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-18 words: 2565.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319538-bawzonq1.txt summary: Based on observational studies from the epicenters of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, the Lombardy region in Italy, and the New York City area in the United States, a significant portion of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ventilatory support: Between 17%-24% of hospitalized patients and up to 72% of patients admitted to the ICU have required invasive mechanical ventilation [2] [3] [4] [5] . We aimed to identify if plasma procalcitonin levels on admission are associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (primary outcome), 28-day mortality, and time to intubation (secondary outcomes) in a cohort of COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In the univariate analysis of our observational cohort study, procalcitonin levels >0.1 ng/ml on admission were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 frequently require mechanical ventilation. Knowledge of laboratory tests associated with the prolonged need for mechanical ventilation may guide resource allocation. We hypothesized that an elevated plasma procalcitonin level (>0.1 ng/ml) would be associated with the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19, who were admitted to any of our health system’s hospitals between March 9(th)-April 20(th), 2020 and required invasive mechanical ventilation, were eligible for this observational cohort study. Demographics, comorbidities, components of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and procalcitonin levels on admission were obtained from the electronic health record. The primary outcome was the duration of mechanical ventilation; secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality and time to intubation. Outcomes were assessed within the first 28 days of admission. Baseline demographics and comorbidities were summarized by descriptive statistics. Univariate comparisons were made using Pearson’s chi-square test for binary outcomes and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous outcomes. A multiple linear regression was fitted to assess the association between procalcitonin levels and the duration of mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Patients with an initial procalcitonin level >0.1 ng/ml required a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation than patients with a level of ≤0.1 ng/ml (p = 0.021) in the univariate analysis. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality or time to intubation between the two groups. After adjusted analysis using multivariable linear regression, the duration of mechanical ventilation was, on average, 5.6 (p = 0.016) days longer in patients with an initial procalcitonin level >0.1 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of 93 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, we found an association between an initial plasma procalcitonin level >0.1 ng/ml and the duration of mechanical ventilation. These findings may help to identify patients at risk for prolonged mechanical ventilation upon admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32946466/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239174 id: cord-317538-i6amqpmt author: Krawczyk, Noa title: Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? date: 2020-07-06 words: 954.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317538-i6amqpmt.txt summary: Despite overwhelming evidence for methadone and buprenorphine, two opioid agonists that substantially reduce overdose risk (Sordo, Barrio, and Bravo, et al, 2017) , these medications remain highly controlled and inaccessible to most individuals in need of treatment for opioid use disorder. Years of research have shown that requiring frequent visits, heavy monitoring, and mandatory participation in adjunct services to be eligible for life-saving medications created unnecessary barriers to accessing care (Krawczyk, Buresh, Gordon, Blue, et al, 2019) . These barriers have not only resulted in limited utilization of available treatment programs but have likely helped to sustain an illicit market of buprenorphine that allows opioid users to access treatment and reduce overdose risk more easily than enrolling in a formal treatment program (Carlson, Daniulaityte, Silverstein, Nahhas, 2020) . Existing models for services both in the U.S. and other countries exemplify the potential for offering opioid treatment through more accessible mechanisms (Krawczyk, Buresh, Gordon, Blue, et al, 2019; Calcaterra, Bach, Chadi, et al, 2019) , abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740547220303305?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108074 id: cord-319930-ymqnb54a author: Kremer, Stéphane title: Brain MRI Findings in Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study date: 2020-06-16 words: 3185.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319930-ymqnb54a.txt summary: Eight distinctive neuroradiologic patterns (excluding ischemic infarcts) were identified in patients with severe COVID-19 infection with abnormal brain MRIs. In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent neuroimaging features were: involvement of the medial temporal lobe, non-confluent multifocal white matter hyperintense lesions on FLAIR with variable enhancement and hemorrhagic lesions, and extensive and isolated white matter microhemorrhages. Inclusion criteria were: (i) diagnosis of COVID-19 based on possible exposure history or symptoms clinically compatible, validated with a detection of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on the nasopharyngeal, throat or lower respiratory tract swabs; (ii) severe COVID-19 infection defined as requirement for hospitalization and oxygen therapy; (iii) neurologic manifestations; (iv) abnormal brain MRI with acute/subacute abnormalities. Among the eight groups of brain MRI features classification, three main neuroradiological patterns appeared more frequently in patient with severe COVID-19: signal abnormalities located in the medial temporal lobe, non-confluent multifocal WM hyperintense lesions on FLAIR and diffusion with variable enhancement, associated with hemorrhagic lesions, and extensive and isolated WM microhemorrhages. abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain MRI parenchymal signal abnormalities have been in association with SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE: Describe the neuroimaging findings (excluding ischemic infarcts) in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients evaluated from March 23th, 2020 to April 27th, 2020 at 16 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were: (i) positive nasopharyngeal or lower respiratory tract reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays; (ii) severe COVID infection defined as requirement for hospitalization and oxygen therapy; (iii) neurologic manifestations; (iv) abnormal brain MRI. Exclusion criteria were patients with missing or non-contributory data regarding brain MRI or a brain MRI showing ischemic infarcts, cerebral venous thrombosis, or chronic lesions unrelated to the current event. Categorical data were compared using Fisher exact test. Quantitative data were compared using Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test. A p-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Thirty men (81%) and 7 women (19%) met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 61+/- 12 years (range: 8-78). The most common neurologic manifestations were alteration of consciousness (27/37, 73%), pathological wakefulness when the sedation was stopped (15/37, 41%), confusion (12/37, 32%), and agitation (7/37, 19%). The most frequent MRI findings were: signal abnormalities located in the medial temporal lobe in 16/37 (43%, 95% CI 27-59%) patients, non-confluent multifocal white matter hyperintense lesions on FLAIR and diffusion sequences, with variable enhancement, with associated hemorrhagic lesions in 11/37 patients (30%, 95% CI 15-45%), and extensive and isolated white matter microhemorrhages in 9/37 patients (24%, 95% CI 10-38%). A majority of patients (20/37, 54%) had intracerebral hemorrhagic lesions with a more severe clinical presentation: higher admission rate in intensive care units, 20/20 patients, 100% versus 12/17 patients, 71%, p=0.01; development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome in 20/20 patients, 100% versus 11/17 patients, 65%, p=0.005. Only one patient was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSION: Patients with severe COVID-19 and without ischemic infarcts had a wide range of neurologic manifestations that were be associated with abnormal brain MRIs. Eight distinctive neuroradiological patterns were described. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32544034/ doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202222 id: cord-355031-l0tj7kp2 author: Krenitsky, Nicole M. title: Primed for a Pandemic: Implementation of Telehealth Outpatient Monitoring for Women with Mild COVID-19 date: 2020-07-21 words: 2998.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355031-l0tj7kp2.txt summary: A virtual telemonitoring clinic for obstetric patients with mild COVID-19 offers an effective surveillance strategy as it allows for close monitoring, direct connection to in person evaluation, minimization of patient and provider exposure, and scalability. 16 An appropriately implemented telehealth system can ensure that patients with COVID-19 receive adequate monitoring and that their care can be escalated to in-person when warranted by their clinical status. Given the constraints of a pandemic and the success of previous obstetric telehealth programs, a virtual outpatient COVID-19 clinic was established at an academic medical center and its affiliated community hospital in New York City, the epicenter of the United States pandemic. This novel clinic was designed to enable the close tracking of pregnant and postpartum women via the integration of telehealth visits, remote patient monitoring devices, and electronic medical record keeping. abstract: Close observation and rapid escalation of care is essential for obstetric patients with COVID-19. The pandemic forced widespread conversion of in-person to virtual care delivery and telehealth was primed to enable outpatient surveillance of infected patients. We describe the experience and lessons learned while designing and implementing a virtual telemonitoring COVID-19 clinic for obstetric patients. All patients with suspected for confirmed COVID-19 were referred and enrolled. Telehealth visits were conducted every 24 to 72 hours based on the severity of symptoms and care was escalated to in person when necessary. The outcome of the majority (96.1%) of telehealth visits was to continue outpatient management. With regard to escalation of care, 25 patients (26.6%) presented for in person evaluation and five patients (5.3%) required inpatient admission. A virtual telemonitoring clinic for obstetric patients with mild COVID-19 offers an effective surveillance strategy as it allows for close monitoring, direct connection to in person evaluation, minimization of patient and provider exposure, and scalability. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0146000520300689 doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151285 id: cord-272303-6s0qr4e6 author: Kriaucioniene, Vilma title: Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study date: 2020-10-13 words: 3177.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272303-6s0qr4e6.txt summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quarantine on dietary, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits of Lithuanians and the association between health behaviours and weight changes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher odds of weight gain were associated with females, older age, increased consumption of sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fried food, eating more than usual, increased snacking, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Univariate and Nutrients 2020, 12, 3119 3 of 9 multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between weight gain during COVID-19 quarantine (dependent variable) and social factors, nutrition, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the association of weight gain with increased intake of carbonated or sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fast food, increased snacking, eating more than usual, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption remained statistically significant. abstract: The COVID-19 quarantine has caused significant changes in everyday life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the quarantine on dietary, physical activity and alcohol consumption habits of Lithuanians and the association between health behaviours and weight changes. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out among individuals older than 18 years in April 2020. The self-administered questionnaire included health behaviour and weight change data. Altogether 2447 subjects participated in the survey. Almost half of the respondents (49.4%) ate more than usual, 45.1% increased snacking, and 62.1% cooked at home more often. Intake of carbonated or sugary drinks, fast food and commercial pastries decreased, while consumption of homemade pastries and fried food increased. A decrease in physical activity was reported by 60.6% of respondents. Every third (31.5%) respondent, more often those already with overweight, gained weight. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher odds of weight gain were associated with females, older age, increased consumption of sugary drinks, homemade pastries and fried food, eating more than usual, increased snacking, decreased physical activity and increased alcohol consumption. Our data highlighted the need for dietary and physical activity guidelines to prevent weight gain during the period of self-isolation, especially targeting those with overweight and obesity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065991/ doi: 10.3390/nu12103119 id: cord-169141-71qh6yjr author: Krieg, Steven J. title: Pandemic Pulse: Unraveling and Modeling Social Signals during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 2068.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-169141-71qh6yjr.txt summary: Our preliminary results show that the number of COVID-19-related news articles published immediately after the World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11, and that since that time have steadily decreased---regardless of changes in the number of cases or public policies. We collected COVID-19 case data from Johns Hopkins Univerisity [11] , news data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) [13] , web search data from Google trends, media bias labels from Media Bias/Fact Check [8] and AllSides [5], social distancing data from Unacast [15] , and demographic data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 ]. Our current data includes COVID-19 case data, demographic data, longitudinal news and web search trends, media bias data, and mobility reports, but there are many other types of social signals that could be studied in order to better understand and model the effects of the pandemic. abstract: We present and begin to explore a collection of social data that represents part of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on the United States. This data is collected from a range of sources and includes longitudinal trends of news topics, social distancing behaviors, community mobility changes, web searches, and more. This multimodal effort enables new opportunities for analyzing the impacts such a pandemic has on the pulse of society. Our preliminary results show that the number of COVID-19-related news articles published immediately after the World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11, and that since that time have steadily decreased---regardless of changes in the number of cases or public policies. Additionally, we found that politically moderate and scientifically-grounded sources have, relative to baselines measured before the beginning of the pandemic, published a lower proportion of COVID-19 news than more politically extreme sources. We suggest that further analysis of these multimodal signals could produce meaningful social insights and present an interactive dashboard to aid further exploration. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05983v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-292100-3ls0po4k author: Krishna, Sanjeev title: Repurposing antimalarials to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 1573.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292100-3ls0po4k.txt summary: Artemisinins have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. The basis for wanting to repurpose hydroxychloroquine derived from in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (the causative agent of COVID-19), its affordability and well understood safety profile in other conditions, and small uncontrolled studies suggesting antiviral and clinical benefits in patients. Another ACT, mefloquine-artesunate has also shown potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 [4] with increased drug concentration in lung tissue, a potential clinical advantage in COVID-19 (Table 1) . In addition to their in vitro SARS-CoV-2 effects as noted above, artemisinins, including artesunate, also have anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory effects of artesunate in a range of disease states are detailed below and suggest that artemisinins may be beneficial in managing COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2, which induces COVID-19, causes Kawasaki-like disease in children: role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines abstract: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have demonstrated in vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Artemisinins have also shown anti-inflammatory effects, including inhibition of interleukin-6 that plays a key role in the development of severe COVID-19. There is now sufficient evidence for ACTs, and in particular artesunate/pyronaridine, to support clinical studies for COVID-19 infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33153922/ doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.003 id: cord-272054-9udb4djk author: Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram title: Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications date: 2020-08-04 words: 2284.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272054-9udb4djk.txt summary: Myocardial strain measurement by speckle-tracking echocardiography, which can measure LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), RV free wall strain (RVFWS) and RV global strain (RVGS), plays a diagnostic and prognostic clinical role in several cardiac diseases and provides objective quantification of biventricular myocardial deformation and dynamics [11] [12] [13] . From 103 clinically appropriate TTEs performed on hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 12 (12%) were of adequate quality for biventricular speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) analysis and were included in this single-center, retrospective study. We report firstly that, while we were able to measure biventricular mechanics in only 12% of all TTEs performed in our hospital for COVID-19 patients, both RVGS and RVFWS were significantly decreased in patients with poor outcomes; and secondly that LVGLS was severely decreased in all patients regardless of their outcome (either survival to discharge or death) and/or requirement for endotracheal intubation. abstract: The COVID-19 infection adversely affects the cardiovascular system. Transthoracic echocardiography has demonstrated diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility. We report biventricular myocardial strain in COVID-19. Methods: Biventricular strain measurements were performed for 12 patients. Patients who were discharged were compared with those who needed intubation and/or died. Results: Seven patients were discharged and five died or needed intubation. Right ventricular strain parameters were decreased in patients with poor outcomes compared with those discharged. Left ventricular strain was decreased in both groups but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Right ventricular strain was decreased in patients with poor outcomes and left ventricular strain was decreased regardless of outcome. Right ventricular strain measurements may be important for risk stratification and prognosis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0100 doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0100 id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 words: 5436.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt summary: This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a “sampling device for social analysis” exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223 doi: 10.7326/m20-2223 id: cord-323471-stajtsbf author: Kristoffersen, ES title: Hospital-based headache care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark and Norway date: 2020-10-29 words: 3853.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323471-stajtsbf.txt summary: The aim of the present study was to investigate how the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic affected the hospital management of headache in Denmark and Norway. CONCLUSION: Hospital-based headache care and research was impacted in Denmark and Norway during the initial phase of the Covid-19-pandemic. The aim of this "Neurology during a pandemic (NeuroPan) study" was to examine how the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic affected the specialized hospital-based treatment of headache patients in Denmark and Norway. In Norway, hospitals were twice as likely to start patients on CGRP antibodies rather than BTX as the new preventive treatment for chronic migraine (41%) compared to Denmark (17%). BTX is one of the few available and effective treatments for a large group of headache sufferers with chronic migraine in Denmark and Norway, and the lack of access to care thus negatively affected the most vulnerable headache patients [9, 28] . Hospital-based headache care and research was impacted in Denmark and Norway during the initial phase of the Covid-19-pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic is causing changes in delivery of medical care worldwide. It is not known how the management of headache patients was affected by the lockdown during the pandemic. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic affected the hospital management of headache in Denmark and Norway. METHODS: All neurological departments in Denmark (n = 14) and Norway (n = 18) were invited to a questionnaire survey. The study focused on the lockdown and all questions were answered in regard to the period between March 12th and April 15th, 2020. RESULTS: The responder rate was 91% (29/32). Of the neurological departments 86% changed their headache practice during the lockdown. The most common change was a shift to more telephone consultations (86%). Video consultations were offered by 45%. The number of new headache referrals decreased. Only 36% administered botulinum toxin A treatment according to usual schemes. Sixty% reported that fewer patients were admitted for in-hospital emergency diagnostics and treatment. Among departments conducting headache research 57% had to halt ongoing projects. Overall, 54% reported that the standard of care was worse for headache patients during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: Hospital-based headache care and research was impacted in Denmark and Norway during the initial phase of the Covid-19-pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01195-2 doi: 10.1186/s10194-020-01195-2 id: cord-306567-44w6op7p author: Krittanawong, Chayakrit title: Misinformation dissemination in Twitter in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-14 words: 1255.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306567-44w6op7p.txt summary: (Figure) To our knowledge, this is the first study utilizing Twitter to identify individuals'' selfreporting of COVID-19 perceptions and attributions in non-academic settings. Our results demonstrate that Tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic in non-academic settings may be a valuable source of public health research, especially related to misinformation dissemination. Interestingly, after manual review, we found that Tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic in non-academic contexts primarily contain unverifiable information or blatant misinformation. Notwithstanding, COVID-19 is an evolving disease, and there has been no robust clinical evidence linking the influenza vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Third, misinformation regarding the possible mislabeling of influenza or allergy-related deaths or cases as a COVID-19 death or case is relatively common among non-academic Tweets. However, there is no strong evidence to support the claim that patients with allergies, influenza, or asthma are at an increased risk for COVID-19 infection or infection-related death (11) . abstract: nan url: http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002934320306860/pdf doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.012 id: cord-339360-vm4yy47i author: Krywyk, J. title: DYNAMICS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS: GLOBAL PATTERN AND BETWEEN COUNTRIES VARIATIONS date: 2020-07-26 words: 3047.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339360-vm4yy47i.txt summary: The pattern seems common to a very large number of countries, and congruent with that of epidemics of other respiratory syndromes, opens the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic would have developed its "natural history" by spreading spontaneously despite the measures taken to contain it. A preliminary analysis of the evolution of mortality selecting only countries with a complete epidemic cycle -determined a general pattern of COVID-19 similar to some common winter respiratory viral . The apparent similarity of the epidemic dynamics of the 14 selected countries are prone to construction of the average curve of the evolution of the number of deaths, covering a period of 110 days [ Figure 3 ]. The incidence of deaths can be observed with a certain similarity between the countries that are most advanced in the epidemic, revealing a dynamic specific to COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic affected 203 countries between December 2019 and July 2020. The early epidemic "wave" affected countries which now report a few sporadic cases, achieving a stable late phase of the epidemic. Other countries are beginning their epidemic expansion phase. The objective of our study is to characterize the dynamics of the COVID-19 spread. Data science methods were applied to pandemic, focusing on the daily fatality in 24 countries with more than 2,000 deaths, our analysis kin the end retaining 14 countries that have completed a full cycle. The analysis demonstrates a COVID-19 dynamic similar in these studied countries. This 3-phase dynamic is like that of common viral respiratory infections. This pattern, however, shows variability and therefore specificity which the method categorizes into clusters of "differentiated epidemic patterns". Among the 5 detected clusters, 2 main ones regroup 11 of these countries, representing 65% of the world deaths (as of June 24, 2020). The pattern seems common to a very large number of countries, and congruent with that of epidemics of other respiratory syndromes, opens the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic would have developed its "natural history" by spreading spontaneously despite the measures taken to contain it. The diversity highlighted by the classification into "formal clusters" suggests explanations involving the notion of demographic and geographic epicenters. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20155390 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20155390 id: cord-287376-wxldnlih author: Krüger, Colin M. title: Can surgery follow the dictates of the pandemic “keep your distance”? Requirements with COVID-19 for hygiene, resources and the team date: 2020-08-03 words: 3977.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287376-wxldnlih.txt summary: Finally, the choice of surgical method, whether open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, is critical in determining how many colleagues are exposed to the risk of infection from COVID-19 patients, sometimes for hours. Here, robot-assisted surgery can comply with the pandemic''s requirement to "keep your distance" in a unique way, since the surgeon can operate at virtually any distance from the surgical site, at least with regard to aerosol formation and exposure. There were two central factors in the German hospital landscape that led to the restrictions described below: First, the call by the German Federal Ministry of Health to substantially increase the number of intensive care beds which would allow invasive ventilation of patients by temporarily postponing elective procedures; and second, the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), which is mainly produced in China, that accompanied the beginning of the pandemic. abstract: Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been restrictions in the daily care of surgical patients – both elective and emergency. Readying supply capacities and establishing isolation areas and areas for suspected cases in the clinics have led to keeping beds free for treating (suspected) COVID-19 cases. It was therefore necessary to temporarily postpone elective surgery. Now, elective care can be gradually resumed with the second phase of the pandemic in Germany. However, it remains the order of the day to adapt pre-, intra- and post-operative procedures to the new COVID-19 conditions while maintaining specialized hygiene measures. This concerns the correct procedure for the use of personal protective materials as well as process adjustment for parallel treatment of positive and negative patients in the central OR, and handling of aerosols in the operating theater, operating room, and surgical site under consideration of staff and patient protection. Although dealing with surgical smoke in the operating theater has long been criticized, COVID-19 is forcing a renaissance in this area. Finally, the choice of surgical method, whether open surgery or minimally invasive procedures, is critical in determining how many colleagues are exposed to the risk of infection from COVID-19 patients, sometimes for hours. Here, robot-assisted surgery can comply with the pandemic’s requirement to “keep your distance” in a unique way, since the surgeon can operate at virtually any distance from the surgical site, at least with regard to aerosol formation and exposure. url: https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000354 doi: 10.3205/dgkh000354 id: cord-350321-jy4i403g author: Ku, Benson S. title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA date: 2020-08-21 words: 755.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350321-jy4i403g.txt summary: title: Associations Between Primary Care Provider Shortage Areas and County-Level COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates in the USA 1 However, it is not known whether shortage areas are associated with higher COVID-19 infection or mortality rates. This study investigates the hypothesis that primary care HPSAs are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality. 3 The 2013 rural-urban continuum codes used to classify rurality and whole county primary care HPSAs were separately derived from the 2018 Area Health Resource File. Generalized linear mixed models with negative binomial distribution were used to test the associations of primary care HPSAs and COVID-19 rates, controlling for time, rurality, population, and six county-level socioeconomic variables. Our findings suggest that primary care provider shortage areas with reported COVID-19 cases face a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and death even after adjusting for socioeconomic and other county-level factors. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827110/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06130-4 id: cord-024317-w1ep0wq8 author: Ku, Zhiqiang title: Antibody therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 2215.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024317-w1ep0wq8.txt summary: Here, we discuss some of the most active areas of developing strategies to treat COVID-19, focusing on approaches to generate neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE: Development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with the desired efficacy and safety profile is a critical part of the toolbox of therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays an essential role in virus entry into host cells and is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies 5, 9 (Figures 1C,D) . Two MERS-CoV neutralizing mAbs, G2 and 7D10, target the S1-NTD region and function by blocking spike protein interaction with the host receptor DPP4 47, 48 . In the monkey study, researchers found that rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 through the intratracheal route had mild illness, and their lungs showed signs of pneumonia similar to those in humans with COVID-19 58 . abstract: An outbreak of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, that began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China has caused more than 2,990,559 confirmed human infections and 207,446 deaths as of April 27, 2020 (Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University). Scientists are working quickly on multiple aspects of the pandemic. Genetic analyses are conducted to reveal the source and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, providing knowledge that can be used to contain it and to avoid future outbreaks. Epidemiological studies which incorporates lessons learned from outbreaks of previous related viral diseases can guide development of public health measures effective to contain the current and future outbreaks. Basic virology studies reveal viral structure and function. Pathology studies inform development of strategies to interfere with infection. COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies are being developed in preclinical and clinical studies. Antibody-based therapy is one viable treatment option. Here, we discuss some of the most active areas of developing strategies to treat COVID-19, focusing on approaches to generate neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE: Development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with the desired efficacy and safety profile is a critical part of the toolbox of therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. We discuss in this review the current state of discovery and development of such antibodies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197606/ doi: 10.1093/abt/tbaa007 id: cord-285187-1h5tjs0r author: Kuchenbuch, Mathieu title: An accelerated shift in the use of remote systems in epilepsy due to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-31 words: 4826.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285187-1h5tjs0r.txt summary: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe epileptologists'' opinion on the increased use of remote systems implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across clinics, education, and scientific meetings activities. Interestingly, before the COVID-19 pandemic, remote systems were significantly more frequently used in China for clinical activity compared with France or Italy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acute use of remote systems in clinics, education, and scientific meetings in the field of epilepsy and to explore the users'' satisfaction and the perspectives of future use. We conducted a cross-sectional, electronic survey of epileptologists, neurologists, and pediatric neurologists mainly involved in the epilepsy field to determine the use of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic (supplementary data). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of respondents who had experienced remote working systems was higher in China than in the two other countries (91.6% versus 61.7% for France and 25% for Italy, p = 10 −4 ). abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe epileptologists' opinion on the increased use of remote systems implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic across clinics, education, and scientific meetings activities. METHODS: Between April and May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional, electronic survey on remote systems use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic through the European reference center for rare and complex epilepsies (EpiCARE) network, the International and the French Leagues Against Epilepsy, and the International and the French Child Neurology Associations. After descriptive statistical analysis, we compared the results of France, China, and Italy. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-two respondents from 35 countries completed the survey. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 63.4% had experienced remote systems for clinical care. During the pandemic, the use of remote clinics, either institutional or personal, significantly increased (p < 10(−4)). Eighty-three percent used remote systems with video, either institutional (75%) or personal (25%). During the pandemic, 84.6% of respondents involved in academic activities transformed their courses to online teaching. From February to July 2020, few scientific meetings relevant to epileptologists and routinely attended was adapted to virtual meeting (median: 1 [25th–75th percentile: 0–2]). Responders were quite satisfied with remote systems in all three activity domains. Interestingly, before the COVID-19 pandemic, remote systems were significantly more frequently used in China for clinical activity compared with France or Italy. This difference became less marked during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered how academic epileptologists carry out their core missions of clinical care, medical education, and scientific discovery and dissemination. Close attention to the impact of these changes is merited. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525505020305552 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107376 id: cord-335704-qejpc4x8 author: Kuhar, Hannah N. title: Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-02 words: 4690.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335704-qejpc4x8.txt summary: 5 Regarding surgical management of otolaryngologic cases, it is recommended that patient COVID-19 status be determined ahead of surgery, that high-risk operations be performed in negativepressure operating rooms with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by all staff, and that only essential staff be in the operating room for intubation and extubation. Immediately following the present study period of data collection (March 18-April 8, 2020), with the increasing availability of PPE, OHNS departments across all 3 centers developed standardized protocols for universal use of aerosol-protective PPE for all AGPs, regardless of the patient''s COVID-19 status. From the experience of OHNS departments at pediatric and adult academic medical centers, we identified availability of rapid COVID-19 testing and adequate aerosol-protective PPE to be significant limitations to operationalizing society recommendations. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited research exists on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pertaining to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS). The present study seeks to understand the response of OHNS workflows in the context of policy changes and to contribute to developing preparatory guidelines for perioperative management in OHNS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Pediatric and general adult academic medical centers and a Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: OHNS cases from March 18 to April 8, 2020—the 3 weeks immediately following the Ohio state-mandated suspension of all elective surgery on March 18, 2020—were compared with a 2019 control data set. RESULTS: During this time, OHNS at the general adult and pediatric medical centers and CCC experienced 87.8%, 77.1%, and 32% decreases in surgical procedures as compared with 2019, respectively. Aerosol-generating procedures accounted for 86.8% of general adult cases, 92.4% of pediatric cases, and 62.0% of CCC cases. Preoperative COVID-19 testing occurred in 7.1% of general adult, 9% of pediatric, and 6.9% of CCC cases. The majority of procedures were tiers 3a and 3b per the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Aerosol-protective personal protective equipment (PPE) was worn in 28.6% of general adult, 90% of pediatric, and 15.5% of CCC cases. CONCLUSION: For OHNS, the majority of essential surgical cases remained high-risk aerosol-generating procedures. Preoperative COVID-19 testing and intraoperative PPE usage were initially inconsistent; systemwide guidelines were developed rapidly but lagged behind recommendations of the OHNS department and its academy. OHNS best practice standards are needed for preoperative COVID-19 status screening and PPE usage as we begin national reopening. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820930214 doi: 10.1177/0194599820930214 id: cord-313916-i9af6rgx author: Kuhn, Andrew W. title: To “Heed the Call” Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns date: 2020-06-09 words: 1912.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313916-i9af6rgx.txt summary: title: To "Heed the Call" Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives From 4 Incoming Orthopaedic Surgery Interns Although we should take time to reflect on our medical school careers, in its essence, Match Day and graduation ceremonies are just 2 more of the many steps necessary to reach our goal of becoming practicing orthopaedic surgeons. In certain metropolitan areas hit hardest, such as New York City, orthopaedic residents and attending surgeons have been redeployed "into the trenches" (i.e., the emergency department or intensive care unit) to help take care of COVID-19 patients. Instead of going to medical school to become physician first and an orthopaedic surgeon second, many seem to bypass the physician part." 14 Our classmates graduating and going into specialties such as emergency medicine, internal medicine, general surgery, or pediatrics have likely had additional exposure to fields such as pulmonology, medical intensive care, and infectious diseases during their elective time. abstract: As incoming orthopaedic surgery interns, we enter the workforce amidst a global pandemic—a pivotal moment in history. We do not know what the landscape will look like later this summer, but it will most likely be different for each of us and from those of our predecessors. Regardless whether COVID-19 will still be rampant or under better control, we know that we can start our internship and orthopaedic residency embracing a set of principles to "heed the call" no matter the circumstance. url: https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.oa.20.00063 doi: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.20.00063 id: cord-346998-01i6zxv8 author: Kulkarni, Spoorthy title: COVID-19 and hypertension date: 2020-05-20 words: 2584.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346998-01i6zxv8.txt summary: COVID-19 seems to follow a pattern seen with influenza and previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks: that the severity and mortality of the infection is higher in the elderly age group. The controversy regarding continuing or discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients arose after it became apparent that SARS-CoV uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry in host cells. 12 Consequently, the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate an increased rate or susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and further hypothesis that this may increase the risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19. The study tested the hypothesis of an increased risk of severe illness in COVID-19 with hypertension with ACEi use (on ACEi n=37; not on ACEi n=168) in admitted patients. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and its expression on clinical outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320927851 doi: 10.1177/1470320320927851 id: cord-331434-2x9m37cw author: Kumar Jain, Vijay title: Fracture management during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-30 words: 4989.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331434-2x9m37cw.txt summary: We have performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the available studies, by analyzing the fracture types, presentation, treatment, complication, and early outcomes among COVID-19 negative and positive patients. Most papers related to fractures and COVID-19 came from Iran (4), followed by Italy (3) This study was designed to reflect on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected fracture care globally, with a propensity to some fractures over other, the surgeon''s treatment selection mode, preoperative investigations done, anesthesia administered (did not mention in the result anywhere), the surgeon and patient protective measures taken, the remodeling or modification of the operating theatres, union rate (did not mention in the result anywhere), hospital stay, antibiotic pattern, the complications localized to fracture (did not mention in the result anywhere) and general complications peculiar to COVID 19, morbidity and mortality. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected orthopedic practices worldwide. Few studies focusing on epidemiology and management of fractures in COVID 19 patients have been published. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the fracture types, presentation, treatment, complications, and early outcomes of fractures occurring amidst COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the all published papers was conducted with a comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library database using keywords ‘COVID-19’, ‘Coronavirus’, ‘trauma*'and ‘fracture’ from January–April 2020. RESULTS: The searches yielded a total of ten studies with 112 Patients who were positive for COVID 19 associated with fractures. Individual patient data meta-analysis was performed as feasible, for six studies, reporting data separately for 44 patients with COVID 19 and an associated fracture. Meta-analysis showed that a diagnosis of COVID 19 was made on the basis of positive Computed Tomography scan in 39 patients and 30 patients had a positive Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction test. Overall, there were 29 proximal femoral fractures, 8 spine fractures, 7 fractures of the other bones. The fractures were treated surgically in 30 cases (68.18%) and the remaining 14 cases (31.82%) were managed conservatively. There were 16 patients (36.36%) who died, mostly due to respiratory failure with a median age of 82 years. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has led to a significant reduction in a load of fracture patients globally, though the incidence of fragility fractures continues to be unaffected. There is a significantly higher risk of mortality in elderly patients with fractures and hence they should only be operated in a facility with a robust intensive care. Conservative treatment should be adopted as far as possible in non-obligatory fractures and in lesser equipped centers. Surgery in patients with proximal femur fragility fractures when judiciously selected did result in improvement in respiratory status. Reorganizing medical services is vital to deliver effective fracture care and also mitigate disease transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S097656622030268X doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.035 id: cord-330869-k5ro0edf author: Kumar Singh, Awadhesh title: Assessment of risk, severity, mortality, glycemic control and antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-11 words: 5023.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330869-k5ro0edf.txt summary: Not only 50% of population was found to have diabetes during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012, but patients with diabetes had an odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 to 15.7 for severe or critical type of MERS-CoV infection with a relative high 35% rate of mortality, compared to the overall population [3] [4] [5] . In a large retrospective study (n=7337), Zhu et al reported a significant 49% relative increase in all-cause mortality (HR 1.49; 95% CI, 1.13-1.96; p=0.005) in patients with diabetes (n=810), compared to the groups without diabetes (n=6385) and COVID-19 even after the adjustment of multiple confounding factors [42] . However, available studies clearly suggest that the patients with diabetes had a significantly higher severe variety of COVID-19 as well as increased mortality, compared to the cohorts without diabetes. abstract: Abstract Aims Rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases world-wide has made diabetes an important comorbidity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We sought to review the risk, severity and mortality in COVID-19 and its relation to glycemic control and role of anti-diabetic agents in patients with diabetes. Methods A Boolean search was made in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar database until May 10, 2020 and full articles with supplementary appendix were retrieved using the specific key words related to the topic. Results There is a high prevalence of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with diabetes had a significantly more severe variety of COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the groups without diabetes. Moreover, poor glycemic control is associated with a significantly higher severe variety of COVID-19 and increased mortality, compared to the well-controlled glycemic groups. No data currently available for or against any anti-diabetic agents in COVID-19. Conclusions Diabetes, in particular poorly-controlled group is associated with a significantly higher risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. This calls for an optimal glycemic control and an increased emphasis on future preventative therapies including the vaccination programs for these groups in addition to the traditional risk prevention such as social distancing and self-isolation. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108266 id: cord-275111-38hgg0jz author: Kumar, Abhishek title: Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients date: 2020-10-06 words: 2300.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275111-38hgg0jz.txt summary: title: Pattern of liver function and clinical profile in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study of 91 patients AIM: To analyse the liver function in patients with COVID-19 and their association with respect to age, sex, severity of disease and clinical features. 91 patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study and divided into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe groups. CONCLUSION-Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is more prevalent in the severe disease group. CONCLUSION-Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is more prevalent in the severe disease group. In this study, we aimed to analyse the liver function abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and their association with respect to age, sex, severity of disease and clinical features. [16, 21, 22] In our study, the levels of AST and ALP between different groups of disease severity was highly significant which is consistent with a previous report. abstract: BACKGROUND: – COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to myriad range of organ involvement including liver dysfunction. AIM: To analyse the liver function in patients with COVID-19 and their association with respect to age, sex, severity of disease and clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study done at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. 91 patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study and divided into asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe groups. Liver function tests were compared among different severity groups. RESULTS: Of 91 patients with COVID-19, 70 (76.9%) had abnormal liver function. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin levels was 1–2 × ULN in 33(36.3%), 34(37.3%), 12(13.2%), 6(6.6%) cases and >2 × ULN in 20(22%), 18(19.8%), 7(7.7%) and 2 (2.2%) cases respectively. Mean AST and ALP levels among different severity groups of COVID-19 was statistically significant (p < 0.05) whereas mean ALT and total bilirubin levels was statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between males and females with regard to abnormal liver function. Liver injury was seen in 64.3% cases of hypertension and 73.3% cases of diabetes. Fever, myalgia, headache and breathlessness were found to be correlated significantly with severity of disease. CONCLUSION: Liver injury is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and is more prevalent in the severe disease group. Aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase are better indicators of covid-19 induced liver injury than alanine transaminase and total bilirubin. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.001 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.001 id: cord-255603-quuju9h4 author: Kumar, Aishwarya title: A review of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-07 words: 3299.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255603-quuju9h4.txt summary: The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. For example, early in the outbreak when China initiated its response to virus it focused on artificial intelligence (AI) by relying on like facial recognition cameras to track the infected patients with travel history, robots to deliver food and medicines, drones to disinfect public places, to patrol and broadcast audio messages to public encouraging them to stay at home [1] . In recent writings, it has been discovered that a few research works use artificial intelligence to help analyze computational tomography (CT) scans, while other research works use patient''s clinical information to predict the advancement of the infection [7, 8] . abstract: OBJECTIVE: Science and technology sector constituting of data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence are contributing towards COVID-19. The aim of the present study is to discuss the various aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines. METHODS: A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. Though different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 have come up, yet there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight. CONCLUSIONS: On-going progress in the modern technology has contributed in improving people's lives and hence there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.008 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.008 id: cord-339874-not2z6q6 author: Kumar, Ankush title: Modeling geographical spread of COVID-19 in India using network-based approach date: 2020-04-27 words: 2331.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339874-not2z6q6.txt summary: India is a large country, with a highly variable inter-state mobility, and dynamically varying infection cases in different locations; thus, the existing models, based solely on the aspects of growth rates, or generalized network concepts, may not provide desired predictions. In India, the mobility towards professional sites can surge incoming cases at Maharastra and Karnataka, while migration towards the native places can risk Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. To model COVID-19 spread in India, here we use the states and union territories as components and their reported positive cases as the number of people infected. The passenger''s air-transport analysis and regular transport based on migration map (case(c)), both predict that Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Karnataka could receive a significantly higher number of cases. The present work proposes a network-based model for predicting the spread of COVID-19, incorporating human mobility through knowledge on migration and air-transport. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is a global concern, due to its high spreading and alarming fatality rate. Mathematical models can play a decisive role in mitigating the spread and predicting the growth of the epidemic. India is a large country, with a highly variable inter-state mobility, and dynamically varying infection cases in different locations; thus, the existing models, based solely on the aspects of growth rates, or generalized network concepts, may not provide desired predictions. The internal mobility of a country must be considered, for accurate prediction. Herein, we propose a framework for predicting the geographical spread of COVID-19, using reported COVID-19 cases, census migration data, and monthly airline data of passengers. We discover that spreading depends on the spatial distribution of existing cases, human mobility patterns, and administrative decisions. In India, the mobility towards professional sites can surge incoming cases at Maharastra and Karnataka, while migration towards the native places can risk Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. We anticipate that the state Kerala, with one of the highest cases of COVID-19, may not receive significant incoming cases, while Karnataka and Haryana may receive the challenge of high incoming cases, with medium cases so far. Using airline passenger's data, we also estimate the number of potential incoming cases at various airports. The study predicts that the airports located in the region of north India are vulnerable, whereas in northeast India and in some south India are relatively safe. The detailed analysis in this direction will guide policymakers for prior planning of transport, and minimize the spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076489 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076489 id: cord-287091-a3nieh5p author: Kumar, Anuj title: Identification of phytochemical inhibitors against main protease of COVID-19 using molecular modeling approaches date: 2020-06-04 words: 5544.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287091-a3nieh5p.txt summary: In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (M(pro)) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. Besides the uses of various FDA-approved antiviral compounds as mentioned above, there are many in-silico studies have been performed to screen the novel phytochemical molecules as a potential inhibitors of main protease of SARS-CoV-2 or develop new drugs against COVID-19 (Adem et al., 2020; Chandel et al., 2020; Gentile et al., 2020; Gonzalez-Paz et al., 2020; Khaerunnisa et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2020; Qamar et al., 2020; Sharma & Kaur, 2020; Sun et al., 2020) . In the present study, we have targeted the protease of SARS-CoV-2 virus using available molecular modelling based methods and studied the interactions with selected natural compounds (ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid) by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations followed by molecular mechanic/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) validation. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel corona virus that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 rapidly spread across the nations with high mortality rate even as very little is known to contain the virus at present. In the current study, we report novel natural metabolites namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid as the potential inhibitors against main protease (M(pro)) of COVID-19 by using integrated molecular modeling approaches. From a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we found three ligands bound to protease during 50 ns of MD simulations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanic/generalized/Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energy calculations showed that these chemical molecules have stable and favourable energies causing strong binding with binding site of M(pro) protein. All these three molecules, namely, ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid, have passed the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) property as well as Lipinski’s rule of five. The study provides a basic foundation and suggests that the three phytochemicals, viz. ursolic acid, carvacrol and oleanolic acid could serve as potential inhibitors in regulating the M(pro) protein’s function and controlling viral replication. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32448034/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1772112 id: cord-301641-epr1sct6 author: Kumar, Durgesh title: Understanding the binding affinity of noscapines with protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 using MD simulations at different temperatures date: 2020-05-04 words: 4095.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301641-epr1sct6.txt summary: Herein, MM-GBSA method was to calculate the change in enthalpy and the change in free energy for the formation of complex, number of hydrogen bonds (HBs) are determined to study the binding of the hit molecule with the protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19. However, the designed molecules were filtered against the protease of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 based on total energy or binding energy (kcal/mol) of drug-target complex using iGEMDOCK Singh et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2019) . Herein, MM-GBSA method is used to determine the change in enthalpy and change in free energy for the formation of complex, number of HBs to understand the binding of screened noscapines with the protease of SARS-CoV-2 of COVID-19 (Al-Anazi et al., 2018; Chaudhari & Pahelkar, 2019; Chinnasamy et al., 2019; Du et al., 2011) . Further, the detailed analysis of newly formed drug-target complex through root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) versus the residue number of protease of coronavirus for COVID-19 for top hit molecule is represented in Figure 7 . abstract: The current outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named as SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 occurred in 2019, is in dire need of finding potential therapeutic agents. Recently, ongoing viral epidemic due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affected mainland China that now threatened to spread to populations in most countries of the world. In spite of this, there is currently no antiviral drug/ vaccine available against coronavirus infection, COVID-19. In the present study, computer-aided drug design-based screening to find out promising inhibitors against the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) leads to infection, COVID-19. The lead therapeutic molecule was investigated through docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this, binding affinity of noscapines(23B)-protease of SARS-CoV-2 complex was evaluated through MD simulations at different temperatures. Our research group has established that noscapine is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of drug resistant cancers; however, noscapine was also being used as anti-malarial, anti-stroke and cough-suppressant. This study suggests for the first time that noscapine exerts its antiviral effects by inhibiting viral protein synthesis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32362235/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1752310 id: cord-320640-5m6sqwq8 author: Kumar, Harender title: COVID-19 Creating another problem? Sustainable solution for PPE disposal through LCA approach date: 2020-10-09 words: 4515.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320640-5m6sqwq8.txt summary: In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). With reported cases of COVID-19 infected health and sanitation workers (Satheesh 2020 ; Hindustan times 2020; New India Express 2020), waste management of used infectious safety gears has become a critical component to restrict the spread of novel coronavirus (Bherwani et al. The effective management of coronavirus infectious waste, including PPEs, has been identified by as a key area of concern by regulatory agencies in India, with the release of waste handling-treatment-disposal guidelines generated during treatment-diagnosis-quarantine of COVID-19 patients (CPCB Revision 2020; Aggarwal 2020). abstract: Amid COVID-19, there have been rampant increase in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits by frontline health and sanitation communities, to reduce the likelihoods of infections. The used PPE kits, potentially being infectious, pose a threat to human health, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, if not scientifically handled and disposed. However, with stressed resources on treatment facilities and lack of training to the health and sanitation workers, it becomes vital to vet different options for PPE kits disposal, to promote environmentally sound management of waste. Given the various technology options available for treatment and disposal of COVID-19 patients waste, Life Cycle Assessment, i.e., cradle to grave analysis of PPE provides essential guidance in identifying the environmentally sound alternatives. In the present work, Life Cycle Assessment of PPE kits has been performed using GaBi version 8.7 under two disposal scenarios, namely landfill and incineration (both centralized and decentralized) for six environmental impact categories covering overall impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Acidification Potential (AP), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Potential (FAETP) and Photochemical Ozone Depletion Potential (POCP). Considering the inventories of PPE kits, disposal of PPE bodysuit has the maximum impact, followed by gloves and goggles, in terms of GWP. The use of metal strips in face-mask has shown the most significant HTP impact. The incineration process (centralized−3816 kg CO2 eq. and decentralized−3813 kg CO2 eq.) showed high GWP but significantly reduced impact w.r.t. AP, EP, FAETP, POCP and HTP, when compared to disposal in a landfill, resulting in the high overall impact of landfill disposal compared to incineration. The decentralized incineration has emerged as environmentally sound management option compared to centralized incinerator among all the impact categories, also the environmental impact by transportation is significant (2.76 kg CO2 eq.) and cannot be neglected for long-distance transportation. Present findings can help the regulatory authority to delineate action steps for safe disposal of PPE kits. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071605/ doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01033-0 id: cord-333872-shhugvx0 author: Kumar, Jitendra title: The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm date: 2020-07-04 words: 575.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333872-shhugvx0.txt summary: title: The conundrum of rising Covid19 infection among health care workers: An emerging paradigm Such asymptomatic infected HCWs can transmit infection unknowingly to the patients and other HCWs. At one of the London hospital, sample for RT-PCR testing for covid19 taken from asymptomatic and healthy HCWs at multiple point of time. In a total number of 1,479 health care worker''s sample, 1.1% to 7.1% (at different point of time) were found positive for Covid19 [9] . COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report Death from Covid-19 of 23 Health Care Workers in China COVID-2019) Infection Among Health Care Workers and Implications for Prevention Measures in a Tertiary Hospital in Wuhan, China Healthcare workers & SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: A case-control investigation in the time of COVID-19 COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.001 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.001 id: cord-294159-721il1e2 author: Kumar, Kanta title: COVID-19 and ethnicity: challenges in rheumatology date: 2020-06-17 words: 1218.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294159-721il1e2.txt summary: Data from the Office of National Statistics in the UK and the Centre for Disease Control in the USA suggest people from black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds have been disproportionately affected by COVID 19 [1] . We are aware that local and global registries in rheumatology still lack detail, a control arm and often have a very small number of patients from BAME backgrounds, hence are unable to provide any meaningful outcomes in this context. As we progress over the next 12 months with this pandemic there is an essential requirement for additional in-depth understanding from local, national and international data on health-seeking behaviours and the clinical experiences of different ethnic groups during COVID-19. We believe the lessons learnt during COVID-19 may shine a crucial light on these issues and thus gain the attention required from clinicians, policy makers, national and international societies and patient charities to work harder to reduce the health inequalities. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa329 doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa329 id: cord-321085-u0pl323l author: Kumar, Karan title: Elevated Liver Chemistries in COVID-19—Is It Not a Concern? date: 2020-09-14 words: 607.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321085-u0pl323l.txt summary: The authors have shown that around 28% of patients with COVID-19 have deranged liver function tests (LFTs) at admission, and furthermore, 32% of patients developed elevated liver chemistries during illness. Another interesting observation made in this study was that deranged LFT has no impact on the outcome of COVID-19 patients. In the recent meta-analysis comprising 107 studies, it has been shown that nonsurvivors and severely infected COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of presenting with a deranged LFT. Elevated liver chemistries also aid in predicting the outcomes of COVID-19, which is in contrast to the observation made in the current study (3, 4) . Despite this correlation in the current study, patients with deranged LFTs had no difference in outcomes. The authors have reported that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing CLD had outcomes similar to those without preexisting CLD, which is in congruence with the observation made in the recently published meta-analysis. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000914 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000914 id: cord-296986-8fuj072z author: Kumar, Manish title: A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment date: 2020-05-15 words: 4465.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296986-8fuj072z.txt summary: The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): increased transmission beyond China-fourth update abstract: Abstract In order to benefit the public, community workers and scientific community, we hereby present a chronicle of SARS-CoV-2 that leads to the unseen precedent of social distancing and lockdown owing to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Information on this life-threatening pandemic of COVID-19 is sparse and discrete; and the urgency is such that the dissemination of information is increasing with numerous daily publications on the topic. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive review on various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We scientifically compiled published research, news, and reports from various sources to comprehend and summarize the information and findings on Coronaviruses. The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. We have also suggested future research perspectives, challenges and scope. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720327959?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139278 id: cord-320935-3n157yl4 author: Kumar, Manish title: Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-12 words: 6613.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt summary: This paper aims to collate information on recent developments on WBE in monitoring the trend of community-scale SARS-CoV-2 prevalence as well as models to predict virus spread and transmission among populations. While several studies have identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the faecal matter of corona-infected patients [35, 36] , there is a growing concern on the transmission of the virus through water treatment plants (WTPs) and WWTPs. Several studies also detected the genetic material of the virus in raw wastewater across the globe [22, 26, 27] . These studies provided enough excellent reasons for modelling the spread of 2019-nCoV with the external environmental conditions, assuming that the cases of infection will decrease through secondary infection routes due to the inactivation of the virus on different surfaces; however, the possibility of transmission via direct contact remains unchanged. abstract: Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the aquatic environment pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global concern. Though SARS-CoV-2 is known as a respiratory virus, its detection in faecal matter and wastewater demonstrates its enteric involvement resulting in vulnerable aquatic environment. Here, we provide the latest updates on wastewater-based epidemiology, which is gaining interest in the current situation as a unique tool of surveillance and monitoring of the disease. Transport pathways with its migration through wastewater to surface and subsurface waters, probability of infectivity and ways of inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail. Epidemiological models, especially compartmental projections, have been explained with an emphasis on its limitation and the assumptions on which the future predictions of disease propagation are based. Besides, this review covers various predictive models to track and project disease spread in the future and gives an insight into the probability of a future outbreak of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953402/ doi: 10.1007/s40726-020-00161-5 id: cord-252389-xrdbmosj author: Kumar, Mukesh title: Neurological manifestations and comorbidity associated with COVID-19: an overview date: 2020-10-14 words: 5447.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252389-xrdbmosj.txt summary: In this article, we have reviewed the neurological characteristic features of COVID-19 patients, latent neurotropic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in the comorbidity associated with CNS disorders, and neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. Therefore, exploring the neurologic manifestations associated with COVID-19 is urgently required for better understanding the SARS-CoV-2 brain infections, inhibiting the additional spread and treating patients affected by this pandemic. The neuronal cells infected with virus, immune systems (microphase, T cells, and monocytes) triggered, and inflammatory system activated leads to cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and associated neurological manifestations neuroinvasiveness of SARS-CoV-2 [11, 35] . In a recent review [51] , authors have categorized the reported neurological findings related to COVID-19 into three categories: a) Central (headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, seizures, and special senses) b) Peripheral (hypogeusia, hyposmia) c) Musculoskeletal (ischemic or hemorrhagic) Apart from the above, increasing evidence indicated that coronaviruses may invade the CNS, causing neurological disorders. abstract: First in 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), second in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and now the third in the December 2019, emergence of tremendously pathogenic and large-scale epidemic novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has brought the worst conditions into the human inhabitants of the twenty-first century. The SARS-CoV-2 uses the resembling receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly feasts through the respiratory tract. The ACE2 receptor appearances have been also detected upon glial cells and neurons, which makes them a potential target of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19). Consequently, cells expressing ACE2, apart from lung and cardiovascular tissue, neurons and glial cells may act as targets and are thus vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 systemic infection as well as its central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities. Investigation of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 is a step towards better understanding the SARS-CoV-2 infections, inhibiting the additional spread and treating patients affected by this pandemic. In this concern, more clinical examinations for CNS involvement of SARS-CoV-2 are warranted. In this article, we have reviewed the neurological characteristic features of COVID-19 patients, latent neurotropic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in the comorbidity associated with CNS disorders, and neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. Therefore, in the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians and healthcare workers should be aware of a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 along with their signs and symptoms for initial diagnosis and isolation of the patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04823-6 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04823-6 id: cord-295853-lxakf79k author: Kumar, Pavan title: Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-03-31 words: 1719.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295853-lxakf79k.txt summary: title: Forecasting the dynamics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Top 15 countries in April 2020: ARIMA Model with Machine Learning Approach We used the data of cumulative confirmed death and recovery of COVID-19 cases reported from January 21 until March 26, 2020, that were obtained from John Hopkins Coronavirus resource center (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/). We analyzed the data using dynamic models to generate 30 days forecasts and to understand the positive effect in the near future as well as projecting trends over trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 doi: medRxiv preprint cumulative incident cases, mortality, and recovery of COVID-19 information among the top 15 affected countries is shown in Figure 2 . Top countries'' data of China, Italy, Spain, and Iran showed highly disastrous mortality and badly effected with a vast number of COVID-19 cases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 doi: medRxiv preprint Fig. 2 : Comparisons between cumulative reported, recovery and death incidence of cases with COVID-19 on the top 15 affected countries . abstract: We here predicted some trajectories of COVID-19 in the coming days (until April 30, 2020) using the most advanced Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). Our analysis predicted very frightening outcomes, which defines to worsen the conditions in Iran, entire Europe, especially Italy, Spain, and France. While South Korea, after the initial blast, has come to stability, the same goes for the COVID-19 origin country China with more positive recovery cases and confirm to remain stable. The United States of America (USA) will come as a surprise and going to become the epicenter for new cases during the mid-April 2020. Based on our predictions, public health officials should tailor aggressive interventions to grasp the power exponential growth, and rapid infection control measures at hospital levels are urgently needed to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20046227 id: cord-029590-95rp9u93 author: Kumar, Pooja title: Reassessing Covid-19 Needs: How Providers Can Reexamine Their Surge Capacity, Supply Availability, Workforce Readiness, and Financial Resiliency date: 2020-05-07 words: 2155.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029590-95rp9u93.txt summary: To rapidly increase bed capacity to treat Covid-19-positive patients, providers are (a) cancelling nonurgent procedures through the development of detailed procedural priority levels detailed at service-line levels (e.g., orthopedics, cardiovascular); (b) moving care of non-Covid-19 patients to telemedicine whenever possible; (c) encouraging and supporting Covid-19 patients with mild symptoms to stay home (and leverage remote care); (d) preparing to increase bed capacity for treating patients who need hospitalization by developing tiered surge plans or utilizing recently developed tools8 that guide decision-making with bed capacity thresholds as activation triggers; and (e) preparing to efficiently discharge patients once appropriate as they recover. In addition, to support keeping Covid-19-negative patients uninfected, keeping the workforce healthy, treating sick patients efficiently and effectively, and protecting their financial position/ability to serve patients as much as possible during the peak of this pandemic, providers are making adjustments to their clinical operations (see Appendix). abstract: As the coronavirus pandemic continues to create unprecedented challenges for health care providers, it is especially important to create and, as needed, revise plans to mitigate disruption to the degree possible. The authors share detailed guidance to help leaders stay focused on the most pressing issues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371291/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0112 id: cord-257884-5exwwxin author: Kumar, Rajesh title: Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 words: 2109.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257884-5exwwxin.txt summary: We report a case whose first manifestation of COVID-19 was pericarditis, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, without any serious complications. We present a case where pericarditis, in the absence of the classic COVID-19 signs or symptoms, is the only evident manifestation of the disease. 1 2 Chest pain in COVID-19 may have cardiac causes, including acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis and myocarditis. 3 We present the first described case of acute pericarditis in the absence of initial respiratory symptoms secondary to COVID-19. 7 To our knowledge this is the first case where COVID-19 presents as pericarditis, in the absence of evident respiratory or myocardial involvement. This case highlights the importance of recognising COVID-19 infection with atypical clinical presentations such as pericarditis and non-specific ECG changes, and coordination with healthcare team regarding prompt isolation to decrease the risk of transmission of the virus and if any need of early hospitalisation. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly contagious viral illness which conventionally manifests primarily with respiratory symptoms. We report a case whose first manifestation of COVID-19 was pericarditis, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, without any serious complications. Cardiac involvement in various forms is possible in COVID-19. We present a case where pericarditis, in the absence of the classic COVID-19 signs or symptoms, is the only evident manifestation of the disease. This case highlights an atypical presentation of COVID-19 and the need for a high index of suspicion to allow early diagnosis and limit spread by isolation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32816925/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237617 id: cord-345342-04tvuj9f author: Kumar, Rebecca N. title: COVID‐19 in an HIV‐positive Kidney Transplant Recipient date: 2020-05-26 words: 1451.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345342-04tvuj9f.txt summary: This case describes the clinical course of a symptomatic kidney transplant recipient with HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. A 50-year-old HIV+ (CD4 395 cells/µL, CD4% 28%, HIV RNA < 20 copies/mL) African-American male with deceased donor kidney transplantation 14 months earlier for end-stage renal disease secondary to HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN)/focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) presented to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of fevers for two days, with temperatures to 101°F, chills, nasal congestion, and mild cough. All rights reserved There have been reported cases of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients and cases of COVID-19 in transplant recipients [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . However, this case is the first detailed report of an HIVpositive kidney transplant recipient who developed and recovered from COVID-19. Case Report: A Kidney Transplant Patient with Mild COVID-19 Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: We report a case of a 50‐year‐old male with a history of HIV and kidney transplant who presented with SARS‐CoV‐2. We also present a review of COVID‐19 cases in kidney transplant recipients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453483/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13338 id: cord-355650-1x66nxgx author: Kumar, S. title: Will COVID-19 pandemic diminish by summer-monsoon in India? Lesson from the first lockdown date: 2020-04-25 words: 6931.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355650-1x66nxgx.txt summary: We have investigated the effect of meteorological parameters like Temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the rate of spread of COVID-19 using daily confirm cases in India. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO 2 ) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO 2 ) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. We have studies the total number of daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 and its association with the temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity over India for March and April 2020. abstract: The novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and has created a medical emergency worldwide. It has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. In India, it is already reported more than 18 thousand cases and more than 600 deaths due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) till April 20, 2020. Previous studies on various viral infections like influenza have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that the cold and dry (low absolute humidity) environments favor the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. These viral transmissions found attenuated in warm and humid (high absolute humidity) environments. However, the role of temperature, humidity, and absolute humidity in the transmission of COVID-19 has not yet been well established. Therefore the study to investigate the meteorological condition for incidence and spread of COVID-19 infection, to predict the epidemiology of the infectious disease, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control measures against the new disease is required for India. In this work, we analyze the local weather patterns of the Indian region affected by the COVID-19 virus for March and April months, 2020. We have investigated the effect of meteorological parameters like Temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the rate of spread of COVID-19 using daily confirm cases in India. We have used daily averaged meteorological data for the last three years (2017-2019) for March and April month and the same for the year 2020 for March 1 to April 15. We found a positive association (Pearsons r=0.56) between temperature and daily COVID-19 cases over India. We found a negative association of humidity (RH and AH) with daily COVID-19 Cases (Persons r=-0.62, -0.37). We have also investigated the role of aerosol in spreading the pandemic across India because its possible airborne nature. For this, we have investigated the association of aerosols (AOD) and other pollutions (NO2) with COVID-19 cases during the study period and also during the first lockdown period (25 March-15 April) in India. We found a negative association in March when there were few cases, but in April, it shows positive association when the number of cases is more (for AOD it was r=-0.41 and r=0.28 respectively). During the lockdown period, aerosols (AOD) and other pollutants (NO2; an indicator of PM2.5) reduced sharply with a percentage drop of about 36 and 37, respectively. This reduction may have reduced the risk for COVID-19 through air transmission due to the unavailability of aerosol particles as a base. HYSPLIT forward trajectory model also shows that surface aerosols may travel up to 4 km according to wind and direction within three h of its generation. If coronavirus becomes airborne as suggested by many studies, then it may have a higher risk of transmission by aerosols particles. So relaxing in the lockdown and environmental rules in terms of pollutant emissions from power plants, factories, and other facilities would be a wrong choice and could result in more COVID-19 incidences and deaths in India. Therefore the current study, although limited, suggests that it is doubtful that the spread of COVID-19 would slow down in India due to meteorological factors, like high temperature and high humidity. Because a large number of cases have already been reported in the range of high Tem, high Relative, and high absolute humidity regions of India. Thus our results in no way suggest that COVID-19 would not spread in warm, humid regions or during summer/monsoon. So effective public health interventions should be implemented across India to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. If COVID-19 is indeed sensitive to environmental factors, it could be tested in the coming summer-monsoon for India. So the only summer is not going to help India until monsoon is coming. Only government mitigations strategies would be helpful, whether its lockdown, aggressive and strategic testing, medical facilities, imposing social distancing, encouraging to use face mask or monitoring by a mobile application (Aarogya Setu). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20075499 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075499 id: cord-262550-oip5m9br author: Kumar, S. Udhaya title: The Rise and Impact of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-22 words: 2866.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262550-oip5m9br.txt summary: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China, has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 in several countries is similar to the previous outbreaks of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) that emerged in 2003 and 2012 in China and Saudi Arabia, respectively (8) (9) (10) . A recent study reported that affected family members had not visit the Wuhan market in China, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may spread without manifesting symptoms (21) . The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India, has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and taken necessary action to control COVID-19. The impacts on health, society, and economy of SARS and H7N9 outbreaks in China: a case comparison study abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China, has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide. As of May 8th, 2020, in India, 56,342 positive cases have been reported. India, with a population of more than 1.34 billion—the second largest population in the world—will have difficulty in controlling the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among its population. Multiple strategies would be highly necessary to handle the current outbreak; these include computational modeling, statistical tools, and quantitative analyses to control the spread as well as the rapid development of a new treatment. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. The central and state governments are taking several measures and formulating several wartime protocols to achieve this goal. Moreover, the Indian government implemented a 55-days lockdown throughout the country that started on March 25th, 2020, to reduce the transmission of the virus. This outbreak is inextricably linked to the economy of the nation, as it has dramatically impeded industrial sectors because people worldwide are currently cautious about engaging in business in the affected regions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574338/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00250 id: cord-034398-g09usvbs author: Kumar, Santhi Iyer title: Filling the Bench: Faculty Surge Deployment in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-29 words: 1320.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034398-g09usvbs.txt summary: To prepare for Covid-19 surges, a medical center surveys its entire medical staff to gauge each physician''s ability and willingness to care for Covid-19 patients, and uses the results to provide additional training and devise a deployment plan. Using survey information, division chiefs were asked to rank each faculty member from 1 through 6 in each of the care domains based on the individual''s suitability. To ensure faculty members would be successful in their area of deployment, the hospitalists and intensivists created orientations to the Covid-19 patient care areas and designed processes and protocols that would support physicians unfamiliar with those clinical spaces. Each week, division chiefs provide a list of faculty members who are available for "surge duty." In order to minimize the stress of having to learn new and evolving Covid-related processes at each of the institutions, faculty were assigned to be deployed in the health system where they felt most comfortable and practiced most often. abstract: To prepare for Covid-19 surges, a medical center surveys its entire medical staff to gauge each physician's ability and willingness to care for Covid-19 patients, and uses the results to provide additional training and devise a deployment plan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7595351/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0511 id: cord-311284-5nxh7ybe author: Kumar, U. title: COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases: A random cross-sectional telephonic survey date: 2020-08-13 words: 2204.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311284-5nxh7ybe.txt summary: To describe the incidence, clinical course, and predictive factors of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a cohort of rheumatological patients residing in New Delhi (National Capital Region), India. Patients with rheumatic diseases in India have similar incidence of COVID-19 infection compared to the community. To address this, we conducted cross-sectional, random telephonic survey from 20 th April to 20 th July 2020 to assess the incidence, and the predictive factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of rheumatological patients residing in Delhi, one of the worst hit regions of India. We observed a similar incidence of COVID-19 among patients with rheumatological diseases compared to the general population of Delhi. To conclude, we observed that the incidence of COVID-19 infection among patients with rheumatic diseases was similar to the community. abstract: Objective. To describe the incidence, clinical course, and predictive factors of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a cohort of rheumatological patients residing in New Delhi (National Capital Region), India. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional, random telephonic survey from 20th April to 20th July 2020 on patients with rheumatic diseases. Patients were interviewed with a predesigned questionnaire. The incidence of COVID-19 in the general population was obtained from open access government data repository. Report of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction report was taken as confirmatory of COVID-19 infection. Results. Among the 900 contacted patients 840 responded (713 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 100 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 20 with spondylarthritis (SpA) and 7 with others; mean age 45 years, mean duration 11.3 years; 86% female). Among them 29 reported flu-like symptoms and four RA patients had confirmed COVID-19 infection. All of them were hospitalized with uneventful recovery. Rheumatological drugs were discontinued during the infectious episode. Disease modifying agents and biologics were equally received by those with or without COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 was similar to general Delhi population (0.476% vs 0.519% respectively, p=0.86). Two patients had relapse of rheumatic disease after recovery. After recovery from COVID-19 or Flu-like illness, eight patients (27.6%, 95% confidence interval 14.7-45.7) reported disease flare. Conclusion. Patients with rheumatic diseases in India have similar incidence of COVID-19 infection compared to the community. Relapse of underlying rheumatic disease after recovery is not uncommon and continuation of glucocorticoid through the infection should be considered. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.09.20170985v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.09.20170985 id: cord-324708-2ypm0d52 author: Kumar, Venkatesan Sampath title: Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown‐early experience from a tertiary centre in India date: 2020-07-13 words: 1861.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324708-2ypm0d52.txt summary: 3 Like in rest of the world, during the nationwide Indian lockdown, it was agreed that elective surgeries had to be deferred and emergency life-saving procedures should be performed with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) if COVID-19 test results are awaited. [4] [5] [6] As a tertiary bone sarcoma referral centre catering to a large population, we continued to perform oncological procedures during the lockdown period with strict adherence to local protocols. We suppose that this study would be useful in providing inputs in formulating guidelines for bone sarcoma surgery in times like the current COVID-19 pandemic. We did not perform routine COVID-19 testing on all our preoperative patients as per existing guidelines during that period. There was a significant increase in number of major surgeries performed during lockdown (37 out of 41) as compared with normal period (24 out of 50). Bone sarcoma surgery in times of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown has presented a unique challenge for sarcoma care. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early results and feasibility of surgeries for bone sarcomas during the COVID‐19 lockdown. METHODS: Our prospectively collected orthopaedic oncological database was reviewed to include two groups of patients‐ those who underwent surgery in the immediate 4 weeks before lockdown (non‐lockdown group) and those operated in the first 4 weeks of lockdown (lockdown group). All patients were followed‐up clinically and telephonically to collect the outcome data. RESULTS: Out of the 91 patients who qualified for inclusion, fifty were classified into the non‐lockdown group while 41 patients formed the lockdown group. Both the groups were comparable with respect to baseline demographic parameters. However, during the lockdown period 37 patients (90%) had undergone a major surgical intervention as against 24 patients (48%) in the non‐lockdown group (P < .001). There was no significant difference in type of anaesthesia, median estimated blood loss and procedure duration. None of the patients/health care workers had evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 infection at 15 days follow‐up. CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that appendicular bone tumours can be safely operated with adequate precautions during the lockdown period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32662084/ doi: 10.1002/jso.26112 id: cord-279180-xad53zht author: Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title: Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date: 2020-08-17 words: 11396.0 sentences: 653.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt summary: The COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that spreads at a maximum rate through droplets of the infected people through the air (World Health Organisation 2020a). • In addition, the incorporation of lockdown with other treatment and prevention measures such as school closures, travel restrictions, and social distancing has had a greater impact on spread prevention, cases requiring critical care beds, and deaths compared with quarantine alone. Machine learning has the potential to support clinicians'' work processing and management of large amounts of medical data contained in electronic health records and used in clinical applications which includes recognizing high-risk patients in need of ICU, the identification of early signs of lung cancer, determination of patient''s respiratory status from X-rays in the chest, such deep learning approaches employ neural networks to predict the input-output data relationship. abstract: The present outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, epicentered in China in December 2019, has spread to many other countries. The entire humanity has a vital responsibility to tackle this pandemic and the technologies are being helpful to them to a greater extent. The purpose of the work is to precisely bring scientific and general awareness to the people all around the world who are currently fighting the war against COVID-19. It's visible that the number of people infected is increasing day by day and the medical community is tirelessly working to maintain the situation under control. Other than the negative effects caused by COVID-19, it is also equally important for the public to understand some of the positive impacts it has directly or indirectly given to society. This work emphasizes the various impacts that are created on society as well as the environment. As a special additive, some important key areas are highlighted namely, how the modernized technologies are aiding the people during the period of social distancing. Some effective technological implications carried out by both information technology and educational institutions are highlighted. There are also several steps taken by the state government and central government in each country in adopting the complete lockdown rule. These steps are taken primarily to prevent the people from COVID-19 impact. Moreover, the teachings we need to learn from the quarantine situation created to prevent further spread of this global pandemic is discussed in brief and the importance of carrying them to the future. Finally, the paper also elucidates the general preventive measures that have to be taken to prevent this deadly coronavirus, and the role of technology in this pandemic situation has also been discussed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02382-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821645/ doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02382-3 id: cord-277841-7sp8ftbc author: Kumari, Pratibha title: Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 words: 4873.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277841-7sp8ftbc.txt summary: Molecular diagnostic tests target the detection of any of the following markers such as the specific region of the viral genome, certain enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the structural proteins such as surface spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein, or membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is a contagious disease, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this article, we evaluated literature for reports informing various diagnostic methods, potential antiviral chemical therapeutics, and effective treatment strategies towards clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Molecular diagnostic methods target to detect either specific regions of the viral genome or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and/or structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (Table 1) . Like most immunological diagnostic protocols, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for COVID-19 detection uses IgM and IgG antibody against nucleocapsid (N) and receptor binding domain spike proteins (S) of SARS-CoV-2. Table 2: Primers and probes for targeting SARS-Cov-2 genes in an RT-PCR test for COVID-19 diagnosis. abstract: Abstract The most important aspect of controlling COVID-19 is its timely diagnosis. Molecular diagnostic tests target the detection of any of the following markers such as the specific region of the viral genome, certain enzyme, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the structural proteins such as surface spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein, envelope protein, or membrane protein of SARS-CoV-2. This review highlights the underlying mechanisms, advancements, and clinical limitations for each of the diagnostic techniques authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (USA). Significance of diagnosis triaging, information on specimen collection, safety considerations while handling, transport, and storage of samples have been highlighted to make medical and research community more informed so that better clinical strategies are developed. We have discussed here the clinical manifestations and hospital outcomes along with the underlying mechanisms for several drugs administered to COVID-19 prophylaxis. In addition to favourable clinical outcomes, the challenges, and the future directions of management of COVOD-19 are highlighted. Having a comprehensive knowledge of the diagnostic approaches of SARS-CoV-2, and its pathogenesis will be of great value in designing a long-term strategy to tackle COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898120303958?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.013 id: cord-292235-ckm89lnm author: Kummer, Benjamin R. title: History of Stroke Is Independently Associated With In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 words: 1602.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292235-ckm89lnm.txt summary: Using our institutional data warehouse, we identified all adult patients who were admitted to the hospital between March 1, 2020 and May 1, 2020 and had a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the emergency department. 1,2 Several recent studies have suggested that cerebrovascular disease is associated with a nonsignificant trend toward in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19, but these results have been limited by small sample sizes. In this descriptive, observational study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that history of stroke was independently associated with in-hospital death. Available data are limited on the relationship between history of stroke and in-hospital death among patients with COVID-19. 8, 9 CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found a significant and independent association between history of stroke and in-hospital death. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in China, and evolved into a worldwide pandemic. It remains unclear whether the history of cerebrovascular disease is associated with in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cohort study at Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Using our institutional data warehouse, we identified all adult patients who were admitted to the hospital between March 1, 2020 and May 1, 2020 and had a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the emergency department. Using our institutional electronic health record, we extracted clinical characteristics of the cohort, including age, sex, and comorbidities. Using multivariable logistic regression to control for medical comorbidities, we modeled the relationship between history of stroke and all-cause, in-hospital death. RESULTS: We identified 3248 patients, of whom 387 (11.9%) had a history of stroke. Compared with patients without history of stroke, patients with a history of stroke were significantly older, and were significantly more likely to have a history of all medical comorbidities except for obesity, which was more prevalent in patients without a history of stroke. Compared with patients without history of stroke, patients with a history of stroke had higher in-hospital death rates during the study period (48.6% versus 31.7%, P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, history of stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.01–1.63]) was significantly associated with in-hospital death. CONCLUSIONS: We found that history of stroke was associated with in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Further studies should confirm these results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32772679/ doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030685 id: cord-334324-remrcm2q author: Kunal, Shekhar title: Cardiovascular complications and its impact on outcomes in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 words: 3295.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334324-remrcm2q.txt summary: 6 Cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury, heart failure (HF), cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis and venous thromboembolism are increasingly being reported. [2] [3] [4] [5] In addition, use of multiple QT-interval prolonging drugs such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 infection may lead to increased incidence of malignant arrhythmias such as torsades pointes (TdP). Patients who presented with acute cardiac injury were significantly older, had greater frequency of co-morbidities including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, higher total leucocyte count, liver enzymes, cardiac troponins and CK-MB levels. In this study, acute cardiac injury was the most common cardiovascular complication in COVID-19 patients. 3 had documented that acute cardiac injury was independently associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Acute cardiac injury is a frequently encountered complication in COVID-19 patients and is associated with an increased mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a widespread morbidity and mortality. Limited data exists regarding the involvement of cardiovascular system in COVID-19 patients. We sought to evaluate the cardiovascular (CV) complications and its impact on outcomes in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This was a single center observational study among symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Data regarding clinical profile, laboratory investigations, CV complications, treatment and outcomes were collected. Cardiac biomarkers and 12 lead electrocardiograms were done in all while echocardiography was done in those with clinical indications for the same. Corrected QT-interval (QTc) at baseline and maximum value during hospitalization were computed. RESULTS: Of the 108 patients, majority of them were males with a mean age of 51.2 ± 17.7 years. Hypertension (38%) and diabetes (32.4%) were most prevalent co-morbidities. ECG findings included sinus tachycardia in 18 (16.9%), first degree AV block in 5 (4.6%), VT/VF in 2 (1.8%) and sinus bradycardia in one (0.9%). QTc prolongation was observed in 17.6% subjects. CV complications included acute cardiac injury in 25.9%, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and acute coronary syndrome in 3.7% each, “probable” myocarditis in 2.8% patients. Patients with acute cardiac injury had higher mortality than those without (16/28 [57.1%] vs 14/78 [17.5%]; P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that acute cardiac injury (OR: 11.3), lymphopenia (OR: 4.91), use of inotropic agents (OR: 2.46) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (OR:1.1) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: CV complications such as acute cardiac injury is common in COVID-19 patients and is associated with worse prognosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019483220302662?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.10.005 id: cord-012903-fdl1d8as author: Kundi, Harun title: Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey date: 2020-07-27 words: 718.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012903-fdl1d8as.txt summary: title: Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey As it is unknown whether this decrease applies to Turkey, we sought to show the trends of AMI patient admission during the COVID-19 era. The number of patients admitted to the Ankara City Hospital, the hospital with the largest bed capacity (3.704) in Europe, was determined using electronic health records between June 1 st , 2019 (the start date of full-capacity work in the department of cardiology of the Ankara City Hospital) and May 6 th , 2020. Additionally, the piecewise regression analysis showed that the number of AMI patient admissions decreased significantly during the COVID-19 era (p<0.001). Our study shows that the number of AMI patient admissions decreased during the COVID-19 era, similar to prior studies in the United States, Spain, and Austria (5) (6) (7) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460682/ doi: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.70206 id: cord-024935-22jvb4i7 author: Kundu, Shinjini title: How Might AI and Chest Imaging Help Unravel COVID-19’s Mysteries? date: 2020-05-06 words: 3324.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024935-22jvb4i7.txt summary: Another study trained a deep learning system (DeepPneumonia) that could localize lesions and classify a patient within 30 seconds with a reported AUC of 0.99 for COVID-19 findings (the system is available online for academic use) on 88 COVID-19 patients from 2 hospitals, 101 bacterial pneumonia patients, and 86 healthy patients [19] . Another report achieved a classification accuracy of 79.3% in external validation on a study differentiating images from 180 viral pneumonia cases from 79 COVID-19 cases using a transfer learning neural network based on Inception network [22] . Furthermore, the ability to identify COVID-19 pneumonia on imaging may depend on the timing of CT acquisition in the patient''s disease course. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Machine learning-based CT radiomics model for predicting hospital stay in patients with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233385/ doi: 10.1148/ryai.2020200053 id: cord-276328-08ava9ni author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 words: 460.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt summary: title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (1, 2) In addition to the observation that older patients, males and those with pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease are at highest risk for severe illness or death, (3, 4) COVID-19 complications have been shown to correlate with the disease severity or mortality. Renal complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579984/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.043 id: cord-335355-lcrbs2op author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 words: 1007.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt summary: In this context, we aimed to determine the nature of the relationships of admission levels of five main markers of liver injury (ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) with the risk of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane library were searched from 2019 to 17 May 2020 for published studies reporting on relationships between admission levels of markers of liver injury (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin) and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Taking the overall evidence together, the data supports a higher prevalence of elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury in severe or mortality due to COVID-19 disease, which suggests that patients with elevated levels of liver markers at baseline (during admission) had higher risks of developing worse outcomes in COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016344532030325X doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.045 id: cord-294696-pm6pfeeb author: Kunz, Y. title: Was sollte ein Urologe zu SARS-Cov-2 wissen? Risikoanalyse für urologische Operationen und Handlungsempfehlungen im klinischen Alltag date: 2020-10-13 words: 3216.0 sentences: 392.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294696-pm6pfeeb.txt summary: Ausgelöst wird diese Infektionskrankheit durch das Virus SARS-CoV-2 ("severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"), das zur Familie der β-Coronaviridiae bzw. Das SARS-CoV-2 wird im Wesentlichen via Tröpfcheninfektion -und somit über Aerosole -von symptomatischen COVID-19-Patienten übertragen. Es wurde eine Literatursuche in PubMed, bioRxiv und medRxiv sowie den Datenbanken der WHO und des CDC über SARS-CoV-2 und chirurgisches Prozedere bei infizierten Patienten durchgeführt. Das Prostatagewebe scheint demgegenüber nicht von SARS-CoV-2 befallen zu werden, zumindest konnte eine chinesische Gruppe in einer kleinen Studie keine Virus-RNA im Prostatasekret nachweisen [29] . Da basierend auf der oben angesprochenen Studienlage eine SARS-CoV-2-Übertragung mittels Urin denkbar ist, muss bei COVID-19-Patienten und unklaren Verdachtsfällen zusätzlich zur gängigen Schutzkleidung im Operationssaal auf FFP-2-Masken und Schutzbrillen zurückgegriffen werden. Da Aerosole nicht nur während der Operation, sondern bereits zuvor im Rahmen einer OP-Einleitung entstehen können, sollte laut aktuellen Empfehlungen unbedingt auf FFP-2-Masken im Falle eines zu behandelnden Patienten mit Verdacht auf oder einer bestätigten COVID-19-Infektion zurückgegriffen werden. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses a challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Due to the increasing number of cases, surgeons in urology have also been confronted with SARS-CoV‑2 infections. Thus, there is an urgent need for clinical guidance and recommendations. AIM: Our work aims to create a widespread assessment of a possible risk for infection with SARS-CoV‑2 during surgical procedures. Based on current data and current national and international guidelines, we try to assess the risk of infection when handling human tissue and the necessary hygienic measures that are needed. Finally, recommendations for daily urologic work are derived and explained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current literature in PubMed, bioRxiv and medRxiv and data available from the WHO and Robert-Koch-Institut on SARS-CoV‑2 and surgical procedures in (potentially) infected patients are reviewed. The endpoint of our research was 21 April 2020. CONCLUSION: Based on our research, general and specific recommendations for clinical urologic praxis can be derived. Although it remains unclear whether SARS-CoV‑2 is transmitted via the aerosols produced, current PPE in operating rooms probably does not offer sufficient protection during surgical interventions during the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic. Use of FFP‑2 masks, safety goggles and full-body protective suits is crucial. To contain viral spread on surfaces and personnel, complex filter systems (HEPA) should be used as well as closed suction devices during surgery. Combined with consequent disinfection of surfaces and behavioral measures, a safe environment for healthcare workers in urology can be created. Thus, according to current knowledge, we believe that emergency and urgent surgical procedures are not contraindicated, provided that appropriate precautionary safety measures are followed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048213/ doi: 10.1007/s00120-020-01264-z id: cord-329051-gmwgb32g author: Kuo, C.-L. title: ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank date: 2020-06-20 words: 1575.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329051-gmwgb32g.txt summary: We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19×10 -6 ) [1] in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020 [2] . abstract: We previously reported that the ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.65 to 3.24, p=1.19x10-6) in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, during the epidemic peak in England, from March 16 to April 26, 2020. With more COVID-19 test results (March 16 to May 31, 2020) and mortality data (to April 26, 2020) linked to UKB, we re-evaluated the ApoE e4 allele association with COVID-19 test positivity, and with all-cause mortality following test-confirmed COVID-19. Logistic regression models compared ApoE e4e4 participants (or e3e4s) to e3e3s with adjustment for sex; age on April 26th or age at death; baseline UKB assessment center in England (accounting for geographical differences in viral exposures); genotyping array type; and the top five genetic principal components (accounting for possible population admixture). ApoE e4e4 genotype was associated with increased risks of test positivity (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.72 to 2.93, p=3.24x10-9) and of mortality with test-confirmed COVID-19 (OR=4.29, 95% CI: 2.38 to 7.72, p=1.22x10-6), compared to e3e3s. Independent replications are needed to confirm our findings and mechanistic work is needed to understand how ApoE e4e4 results in the marked increase in vulnerability, especially for COVID-19 mortality. These findings also demonstrate that risks for COVID-19 mortality are not simply related to advanced chronological age or the comorbidities commonly seen in aging. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.19.20134908v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20134908 id: cord-346917-5dgnj11a author: Kuppalli, Krutika title: A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm date: 2020-05-07 words: 843.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346917-5dgnj11a.txt summary: The pathogenesis of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely depends heavily on disruption of immune and inflammatory processes. This study clearly demonstrates that severe COVID-19 is associated with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 as well as significant reductions in CD8+ T cells. These data indicate that cytokine storms may, in concert with suppressed Th1 antiviral adaptive responses, underlie the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease. These findings are valuable for clinicians as it further supports the significant effect SARS-CoV-2 has on the systemic inflammatory response and gives insight on how to identify patients at risk for severe disease. These data also suggest that monitoring N8R and NLR over time could be a way to identify patients early on at risk for developing severe disease [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235239642030164X doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102789 id: cord-356363-gea5229c author: Kurdi, Amanj title: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: What is the evidence so far? date: 2020-10-20 words: 2426.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356363-gea5229c.txt summary: Consequently, we sought to undertake an updated and comprehensive evaluation of effect of ACEIs/ARBs use on all reported COVID-19-related outcomes, including exploration of any class differences, through a systematic review of the literature coupled with a meta-analysis. Key protein targets and ligands in this article are hyperlinked to corresponding entries in http://www.guide topha rmaco logy.org, F I G U R E 1 0 Forest plot depicting pooled estimates for the association between use of ventilator/Intensive Care Unit admission and the three levels of renin-angiotensin system drug exposure (ACEIs/ARBs, ACEIs, ARBs) Odds ratio the common portal for data from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, 59 and are permanently archived in the Concise Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. abstract: Conflicting evidence exists about the effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on COVID‐19 clinical outcomes. We aimed to provide a comprehensive/updated evaluation of the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on COVID‐19‐related clinical outcomes, including exploration of interclass differences between ACEIs and ARBs, using a systematic review/meta‐analysis approach conducted in Medline (OVID), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, and medRxiv from inception to 22 May 2020. English studies that evaluated the effect of ACEIs/ARBs among patients with COVID‐19 were included. Studies’ quality was appraised using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were analyzed using the random‐effects modeling stratified by exposure (ACEIs/ARBs, ACEIs, and ARBs). Heterogeneiity was assessed using I(2) statistic. Several subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of potential confounders. Overall, 27 studies were eligible. The pooled analyses showed nonsignificant associations between ACEIs/ARBs and death (OR:0.97, 95%CI:0.75,1.27), ICU admission (OR:1.09;95%CI:0.65,1.81), death/ICU admission (OR:0.67; 95%CI:0.52,0.86), risk of COVID‐19 infection (OR:1.01; 95%CI:0.93,1.10), severe infection (OR:0.78; 95%CI:0.53,1.15), and hospitalization (OR:1.15; 95%CI:0.81,1.65). However, the subgroup analyses indicated significant association between ACEIs/ARBs and hospitalization among USA studies (OR:1.59; 95%CI:1.03,2.44), peer‐reviewed (OR:1.93, 95%CI:1.38,2.71), good quality and studies which reported adjusted measure of effect (OR:1.30, 95%CI:1.10,1.50). Significant differences were found between ACEIs and ARBs with the latter being significantly associated with lower risk of acquiring COVID‐19 infection (OR:0.24; 95%CI: 0.17,0.34). In conclusion, high‐quality evidence exists for the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on some COVID‐19 clinical outcomes. For the first time, we provided evidence, albeit of low quality, on interclass differences between ACEIs and ARBs for some of the reported clinical outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33084232/ doi: 10.1002/prp2.666 id: cord-306999-bedygxjs author: Kurihara, Hayato title: Authors'' response: Surgery in the coronavirus disease 2019 phase 2 Italian scenario: Lessons learned in northern Italy spoke hospitals date: 2020-07-01 words: 1265.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306999-bedygxjs.txt summary: • We continue, during this pandemic event, to face different surgical scenarios, emergent, urgent, and elective (particularly cancer related), and we continue to use laparoscopy (in coronavirus disease patients too) when the laparoscopic technique is recommended and widely recognized. Despite HIVand HBV being blood-borne viruses, laparoscopic surgery is being performed in HIV and HBV patients for many years, and no clear demonstration is available of viral transmission through the pneumoperitoneum or surgical smoke. For these reasons, we do not believe that results from the available literature can be extrapolated to the COVID-19 pandemic as to justify the current too restrictive guidelines on laparoscopic surgery against the evident and well-known and evidence-based advantages of laparoscopy with respect to the open approach in many fields of surgery. 1 At the end of their letter, the authors point out that "resources and expertise are widely available" during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and a restrictive use of laparoscopy would have been acceptable only in a war scenario. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33009203/ doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002837 id: cord-323141-6z750avb author: Kuroda, Naoto title: Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan date: 2020-12-05 words: 1761.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323141-6z750avb.txt summary: 5 On the other hand, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend breast-feeding with strict contact precautions based on the fact that so far there is no evidence that the virus can be transferred via breast milk. 4 To show the causality between the BCG vaccine and the severity of COVID-19, we have to confirm the following Bradford Hill criteria: specificity, temporality, reversibility, and experiment. Based on this background, we analyzed the data concerning all pediatric patients with COVID-19 (0-18 years old) admitted to the San Matteo Hospital of Pavia until April 4. As of today (April 11), 17 children had COVID-19 diagnosis based on clinical data and positive swab (RT-PCR analysis). Analyzing the data concerning the whole Lombardy population, 29.3% of patients with COVID-19 had home isolation, 21.5% required low-medium-intensity care, 2.3% ICU admission, and 18.3% died. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002724 doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002724 id: cord-341543-gcnph9gf author: Kuryntseva, P. title: A simplified approach to monitoring the COVID-19 epidemiologic situation using waste water analysis and its application in Russia date: 2020-09-23 words: 1831.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341543-gcnph9gf.txt summary: The approach includes i) the creation of a calibration curve on the basis of the serial dilution of excreta collected from people who are infected with COVID-19 and ii) the analysis of wastewater samples and their serial dilutions but the approach excludes usage of concentration techniques before wastewater sample analysis as well as usage of external control in RT-PCR reactions for calculation of numbers of viral particles. 30 In the present study, a modified approach for detection of COVID-19 infection rate using 31 wastewater analysis has been developed. 30 In the present study, a modified approach for detection of COVID-19 infection rate using 31 wastewater analysis has been developed. In the modelling experiment with the excreta of ten COVID-19 235 patients, it was demonstrated that the minimal rate of infected people in the community that can 236 be detected by this method is 10-2%. abstract: The number of registered cases of COVID-19 is increasing in the world, and some countries are reporting a second wave of the pandemic. Accurate and real time information about epidemiological situation is therefore urgently needed for managing decisions in the countries, regions and municipalities which are affected. Massive testing of viral presence in human saliva, a smear from the nose, nasopharynx and / or oropharynx, bronchial lavage water obtained by fibrobronchoscopy (bronchoalveolar lavage), as well as from (endo) tracheal, nasopharyngeal aspirate, sputum, biopsy or autopsy material of the lungs, whole blood, serum or antibodies presence in blood cannot give relevant information about the COVID-19 infection rate in the community since simultaneous testing of the whole community is not technically possible, the information obtained in testing of specific groups is retarded and, in addition, such testing is expensive. The alternative to mass testing of the population is the testing of wastewater that could contain SARS-CoV-2 particles originating from excreta. Such testing has several limitations connected with the particularities of the testing procedure. In the present study, a modified approach for detection of COVID-19 infection rate using wastewater analysis has been developed. The approach includes i) the creation of a calibration curve on the basis of the serial dilution of excreta collected from people who are infected with COVID-19 and ii) the analysis of wastewater samples and their serial dilutions but the approach excludes usage of concentration techniques before wastewater sample analysis as well as usage of external control in RT-PCR reactions for calculation of numbers of viral particles. The minimum infection rate that can be detected using this approach is 0.01%. The approach developed was used to investigate wastewater from eleven sewage inspection chambers in the city of Kazan (Russia). It was demonstrated that the average infection rate of people using these sewers was over 0.4% in July 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20197244 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20197244 id: cord-351155-5bvo66yb author: Kushner, Tatyana title: Chronic Liver Disease and COVID‐19: Alcohol Use Disorder/Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Autoimmune Liver Disease, and Compensated Cirrhosis date: 2020-05-21 words: 1806.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351155-5bvo66yb.txt summary: 6, 10 COviD-19 in PaTienTs wiTH nOnalCOHOliC FaTTY liver Disease/ nOnalCOHOliC sTeaTOHePaTiTis Given the association of COVID-19 severity with metabolic disease, the association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) has • Minimize in-person contact with medical system • Interaction with the health care system should be via a "COVID-free" pathway 6,10 • Test for SARS-CoV-2 in the setting of acute decompensation or acute-on-chronic liver failure 10 An Official Learning Resource of AASLD Chronic Liver Disease and COVID-19 Kushner and Cafardi review also been investigated (Table 3 ). Finally, in another study of 214 patients in China, the presence of obesity in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was associated with a 6-fold increased risk for severe COVID-19. There are several key issues surrounding COVID-19 infection in patients with cirrhosis, including potentially increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher risk for severe disease, and increased risk for hepatic decompensation (Fig. 1) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537135/ doi: 10.1002/cld.974 id: cord-335003-7ae0galy author: Kussmaul, William G. title: COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Therapy date: 2020-05-15 words: 739.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335003-7ae0galy.txt summary: Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The authors present data from 3 studies that found, with moderate certainty of evidence, no relationship of ACEI or ARB use with testing positive for the virus or becoming ill from it. On the basis of further data from 14 observational studies encompassing more than 23 000 adults with COVID-19, they found high-certainty evidence that the drugs are not associated with greater illness severity. As a result of this progression from fear and theory through data and multiple analyses from different continents, we now have reasonable reassurance that drugs that alter the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) do not pose substantial threats as either COVID-19 risk factors or severity multipliers. Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic? abstract: Mackey and colleagues reported a systematic review that found high-certainty evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers are not associated with greater illness severity in patients with COVID-19. The editorialist discusses the findings and emphasizes that, unless further data show otherwise, clinicians should continue to prescribe these drugs for their standard indications in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422077/ doi: 10.7326/m20-3047 id: cord-324794-h08uzro4 author: Kutlu, Ömer title: The explosion in scabies cases during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 664.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324794-h08uzro4.txt summary: 2, 3 Recently, we reported that not number but percentages of patients with scabies, psoriasis, urticaria, and scabiesrelated visits to dermatology outpatient clinic increased immediately ten days after COVID-19 pandemic. In the literature, the increasing number of patients with scabies during COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been reported in European countries. Given Turkey''s cultural structure, the lifestyle such as living in the same household with a large number of people, which has become more common due to pandemic-related temporary migration is more frequent than European countries. On the other hand, although the number of patients who requests for outpatient clinics that are not directly related to the pandemic cases decreased in Turkey, most of the hospitals continued to provide healthcare services in all branches of medicine including dermatology. 4 All these factors may be a possible explanation of why Turkey has more scabies cases than European countries. The effect of the "stay-athome" policy on requests for dermatology outpatient clinic visits after the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13662 doi: 10.1111/dth.13662 id: cord-305629-utjng3dq author: Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy title: Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and its association with human mortality trends in megapolis Mexico City date: 2020-10-28 words: 4774.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305629-utjng3dq.txt summary: The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO(2), O(3), SO(2), PM(10) and PM(2.5)) between the lockdown (April 1–May 31) and prelockdown (January 1–March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous 5 years (2015–2019). We retrieved data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Mexico City during the lockdown period from the official website of the Government of Mexico (https://coronavirus.gob.mx/datos/) to find the association between COVID-19 mortality and air pollutants between April 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020. 2020) , this study investigated the association between concentrations of air pollutants and reported daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Mexico City. abstract: Mexico City is the second most populated city in Latin America, and it went through two partial lockdowns between April 1 and May 31, 2020, for reducing the COVID-19 propagation. The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO(2), O(3), SO(2), PM(10) and PM(2.5)) between the lockdown (April 1–May 31) and prelockdown (January 1–March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous 5 years (2015–2019). Concentrations of NO(2) (− 29%), SO(2) (− 55%) and PM(10) (− 11%) declined and the contents of CO (+ 1.1%), PM(2.5) (+ 19%) and O(3) (+ 63%) increased during the lockdown compared to the prelockdown period. This study also estimated that NO(2), SO(2), CO, PM(10) and PM(2.5) reduced by 19–36%, and O(3) enhanced by 14% compared to the average of 2015–2019. Reduction in traffic as well as less emission from vehicle exhausts led to remarkable decline in NO(2), SO(2) and PM(10). The significant positive associations of PM(2.5), CO and O(3) with the numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, however, underscored the necessity to enforce air pollution regulations to protect human health in one of the important cities of the northern hemisphere. [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133301/ doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00960-1 id: cord-352543-8il0dh58 author: Kuzdeuov, A. title: A Network-Based Stochastic Epidemic Simulator: Controlling COVID-19 with Region-Specific Policies date: 2020-05-06 words: 6262.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352543-8il0dh58.txt summary: In this scenario, epidemiological models can be used to project the future course of the disease, and to estimate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and related control measures that might be used to slow the contagion, and thereby provide time to enhance health care resources and develop effective immunological defenses such as new vaccines. We have developed and implemented a network-based stochastic epidemic simulator (leveraging our prior work [8] ) which models cities and regions as nodes in a graph, and the edges between nodes representing transit links of roads, railways, and air travel routes to model the mobility of inhabitants amongst cities. In each node, the simulator runs a compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, such that individuals can cycle through the four stages based on state transition probabilities. abstract: In this work, we present an open-source stochastic epidemic simulator, calibrated with extant epidemic experience of COVID-19. Our simulator incorporates information ranging from population demographics and mobility data to health care resource capacity, by region, with interactive controls of system variables to allow dynamic and interactive modeling of events. The simulator can be generalized to model the propagation of any disease, in any territory, but for this experiment was customized to model the spread of COVID-19 in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and estimate outcomes of policy options to inform deliberations on governmental interdiction policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20089136 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20089136 id: cord-343926-47m17k1t author: Kuzemko, Caroline title: Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date: 2020-07-02 words: 6628.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343926-47m17k1t.txt summary: We identify some of the initial impacts of the ''great lockdown'' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change. abstract: In this perspectives piece, an interdisciplinary team of social science researchers considers the implications of Covid-19 for the politics of sustainable energy transitions. The emergency measures adopted by states, firms, and individuals in response to this global health crisis have driven a series of political, economic and social changes with potential to influence sustainable energy transitions. We identify some of the initial impacts of the ‘great lockdown’ on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Adopting a broad multi-scalar and multi-actor approach to the analysis of energy system change, we highlight continuities and discontinuities with pre-pandemic trends. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. While the effects of the pandemic continue to unfold, some of its sectoral and geographically differentiated impacts are already emerging. We conclude that the politics of sustainable energy transitions are now at a critical juncture, in which the form and direction of state support for post-pandemic economic recovery will be key. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 id: cord-311030-k42iqh40 author: Kvasnovsky, Charlotte L title: Limiting operations for acute appendicitis in children: lessons learned from the U.S. epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-06-23 words: 3167.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311030-k42iqh40.txt summary: Our tertiary care children''s hospital pivoted towards a trial of non-operative management (NOM) for all patients presenting with acute appendicitis to limit operating room use. While we were able to operate on patients for appendicitis, we shifted to NOM for all patients with acute appendicitis in an effort to conserve resources, minimize non-emergent surgical procedures, and at certain intervals to allow for COVID testing to result. 4 We report our experience attempting to safely manage children with acute appendicitis while also minimizing healthcare resource utilization (operating room use and hospital stays) during a pervasive modern-era pandemic. We retrospectively collected data on all children diagnosed with acute appendicitis by our pediatric surgical service from 3/31/2020-5/3/2020, the five-week period during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York. Compared to the same period in prior years, we treated a similar number of patients with acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (Figure 2 ). abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the suspension of non-emergent surgeries throughout New York. Our tertiary care children's hospital pivoted towards a trial of non-operative management (NOM) for all patients presenting with acute appendicitis to limit operating room use. We describe our pandemic-based NOM strategy for appendicitis, with expanded inclusion criteria and limited intravenous antibiotics. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of children treated for acute appendicitis at our center from 3/31/2020–5/3/2020 during the peak of the New York pandemic. We compared appendicitis volume to similar months in prior years. We evaluated failure of NOM, length of stay, and compared characteristics of children we successfully treated with our expanded NOM protocol to previously published inclusion criteria for NOM. RESULTS: 45.5% of children (25/55) with acute appendicitis underwent NOM. Of the 30 who underwent surgery, 13 had complicated appendicitis while 17 had simple appendicitis. Three patients were COVID-positive, although none had respiratory symptoms. The majority of patients presenting with acute appendicitis (78.2%) did not meet previously published criteria for NOM. CONCLUSIONS: We treated a similar volume of children with acute appendicitis during the pandemic compared to prior years. We applied NOM to nearly half of patients, even as we expanded published inclusion criteria to minimize operative resources. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective study, level of evidence: IV. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.024 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.06.024 id: cord-337965-z39q8ebq author: Kvernland, Alexandra title: Anticoagulation use and Hemorrhagic Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated at a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-08-24 words: 3750.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337965-z39q8ebq.txt summary: The clinical characteristics, underlying stroke mechanism, and outcomes in this particular subset of patients are especially salient as therapeutic anticoagulation becomes increasingly common in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic complications of COVID-19. This is a retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients with radiologic confirmation of acute hemorrhagic stroke during the specified time frame patients admitted to one of three comprehensive stroke centers in New York: NYU Langone Manhattan, NYU Langone Brooklyn (Sunset Park, Brooklyn), and NYU Langone Winthrop (Mineola, Long Island) with hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)) hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020. Clinical variables included history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, prior intracerebral hemorrhage, home medications (including antiplatelets and anticoagulants), presenting symptoms, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, date of likely stroke symptom onset (based on last known well or abstractors'' clinical judgment), ICH score, and the systolic blood pressure (closest to the time of hemorrhagic stroke diagnosis). abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 have been well described, there are limited data on clinically significant bleeding complications including hemorrhagic stroke. The clinical characteristics, underlying stroke mechanism, and outcomes in this particular subset of patients are especially salient as therapeutic anticoagulation becomes increasingly common in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic complications of COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with hemorrhagic stroke (both non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and spontaneous non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage) who were hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, within a major healthcare system in New York, during the coronavirus pandemic. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke on admission and who developed hemorrhage during hospitalization were both included. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with hemorrhagic stroke and COVID-19 to those without COVID-19 admitted to our hospital system between March 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020 (contemporary controls), and March 1, 2019, and May 15, 2019 (historical controls). Demographic variables and clinical characteristics between the individual groups were compared using Fischer’s exact test for categorical variables and nonparametric test for continuous variables. We adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method. RESULTS: During the study period in 2020, out of 4071 patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19, we identified 19 (0.5%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Of all COVID-19 with hemorrhagic stroke, only three had isolated non-aneurysmal SAH with no associated intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Among hemorrhagic stroke in patients with COVID-19, coagulopathy was the most common etiology (73.7%); empiric anticoagulation was started in 89.5% of these patients versus 4.2% in contemporary controls (p ≤ .001) and 10.0% in historical controls (p ≤ .001). Compared to contemporary and historical controls, patients with COVID-19 had higher initial NIHSS scores, INR, PTT, and fibrinogen levels. Patients with COVID-19 also had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (84.6% vs. 4.6%, p ≤ 0.001). Sensitivity analyses excluding patients with strictly subarachnoid hemorrhage yielded similar results. CONCLUSION: We observed an overall low rate of imaging-confirmed hemorrhagic stroke among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Most hemorrhages in patients with COVID-19 infection occurred in the setting of therapeutic anticoagulation and were associated with increased mortality. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839867/ doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01077-0 id: cord-301946-erzh30mt author: Kwak-Kim, Joanne title: COVID-19 and immunomodulation treatment for women with reproductive failures date: 2020-06-12 words: 5604.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301946-erzh30mt.txt summary: With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patient care has been significantly challenged not only for the COVID-19 cases but for the others, including pregnant women with a history of reproductive failures (RF), such as recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), repeated implantation failures (RIF), with immune etiologies including autoimmune diseases, cellular immune dysfunction, and rheumatic conditions. SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), which caused the SARS outbreak in 2003, infects macrophages and T cells (Perlman and Dandekar 2005) and induces various cytokines, such as type I IFN, TNF-α, IL-1, etc., and B cell-related antibodies (Prompetchara et al. With the currently available data, it is unlikely that the use of IVIg in patients with RFI will impact the chances of contracting the disease or negatively affect the clinical course in women with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is affecting various areas of health care, including human reproduction. Many women with reproductive failures, during the peri-implantation period and pregnancy, are on the immunotherapy using immune modulators and immunosuppressant due to underlying autoimmune diseases, cellular immune dysfunction, and rheumatic conditions. Many questions have been raised for women with immunotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, including infection susceptibility, how to manage women with an increased risk of and active COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, and not enough information exists. Yet, we aim to review the data from previous coronavirus outbreaks and current COVID-19 and provide interim guidelines for immunotherapy in women with reproductive failures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32603991/ doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103168 id: cord-274918-dkl41b60 author: Kwee, Thomas C. title: The “crisis after the crisis”: the time is now to prepare your radiology department date: 2020-04-22 words: 1295.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274918-dkl41b60.txt summary: Radiology departments prepare for the surge of COVID-19 patients by employing policies and procedures to ensure sufficient capacity for continued operation, to support the care of COVID-19 patients, and to maintain radiologic services for the entirety of the hospital and health system [2] . The aim of this communication is to increase awareness about the projected aftermath and consequences of the COVID-19 crisis on a radiology department, and to present possible solutions. In response to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, healthcare providers outside the radiology department are suspending most non-urgent elective care. Advantages of the current COVID-19 crisis for a radiology department, at least ours, are the availability of time to implement solutions and a potentially increased willingness of the entire radiology team to comply with proposed measures compared to measures taken during a non-crisis setting [6] . It was demonstrated how our tertiary care radiology department prepares to process the large reservoir of radiologic procedures after the COVID-19 crisis in a timely manner. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360450/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.04.013 id: cord-284037-nj5jo1ev author: Kwee, Thomas C. title: Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know date: 2020-10-23 words: 7662.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284037-nj5jo1ev.txt summary: Chest imaging is indicated in patients with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (ie, presence of significant pulmonary dysfunction or damage) and any pretest probability of COVID-19 infection, when RT-PCR test results are negative, and in any patient for whom an RT-PCR test is not performed or not readily available. According to the Fleischner Society consensus statement, chest imaging is indicated in patients with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (ie, presence of significant pulmonary dysfunction or damage) and any pretest probability of COVID-19 infection, when RT-PCR test results are negative, and in any patient for whom an RT-PCR test is not performed or not readily available (59) . In cases of clinical worsening, chest imaging is advised to assess for COVID-19 progression or secondary cardiopulmonary complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), PE, superimposed pneumonia, or heart failure that can potentially be secondary to COVID-19-induced cardiac injury (59) . abstract: Chest CT has a potential role in the diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognostication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Implementation of appropriate precautionary safety measures, chest CT protocol optimization, and a standardized reporting system based on the pulmonary findings in this disease will enhance the clinical utility of chest CT. However, chest CT examinations may lead to both false-negative and false-positive results. Furthermore, the added value of chest CT in diagnostic decision making is dependent on several dynamic variables, most notably available resources (real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] tests, personal protective equipment, CT scanners, hospital and radiology personnel availability, and isolation room capacity) and the prevalence of both COVID-19 and other diseases with overlapping manifestations at chest CT. Chest CT is valuable to detect both alternative diagnoses and complications of COVID-19 (acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and heart failure), while its role for prognostication requires further investigation. The authors describe imaging and managing care of patients with COVID-19, with topics including (a) chest CT protocol, (b) chest CT findings of COVID-19 and its complications, (c) the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT and its role in diagnostic decision making and prognostication, and (d) reporting and communicating chest CT findings. The authors also review other specific topics, including the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the World Health Organization case definition, the value of performing RT-PCR tests, and the radiology department and personnel impact related to performing chest CT in COVID-19. (©)RSNA, 2020 url: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020200159 doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200159 id: cord-333121-kt6t41ff author: Kwenandar, Felix title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review date: 2020-06-03 words: 1923.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333121-kt6t41ff.txt summary: At the end of 2019, a viral pneumonia disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), emerged in Wuhan, China. Although this infective disease is mostly characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, increasing numbers of evidence had shown considerable amounts of patients with cardiovascular involvements and these were associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Cardiovascular manifestation in COVID-19 patients include myocardial injury (MI), arrhythmias, cardiac arrests, heart failure and coagulation abnormality, ranging from 7.2% up to 33%. [2] With the increasing number of confirmed cases and the accumulating clinical data, in addition to the common clinical presentation of respiratory failure caused by COVID-19, the cardiovascular manifestations induced by this viral infection has generated considerable concern. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 is not fully understood, a previous report showed that in 35% of the patients infected, the SARS-CoV genome was positively detected in the heart. abstract: At the end of 2019, a viral pneumonia disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), emerged in Wuhan, China. This novel disease rapidly spread at an alarming rate that as a result, it has now been declared pandemic by the World Health Organization. Although this infective disease is mostly characterized by respiratory tract symptoms, increasing numbers of evidence had shown considerable amounts of patients with cardiovascular involvements and these were associated with higher mortality among COVID-19 patients. Cardiac involvement as a possible late phenomenon of the viral respiratory infection is an issue that should be anticipated in patients with COVID-19. Cardiovascular manifestation in COVID-19 patients include myocardial injury (MI), arrhythmias, cardiac arrests, heart failure and coagulation abnormality, ranging from 7.2% up to 33%. The mechanism of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients involves direct injury to myocardial cells mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors as suggested by some studies, while the other studies suggest that systemic inflammation causing indirect myocyte injury may also play a role. Combination of proper triage, close monitoring, and avoidance of some drugs that have cardiovascular toxicity are important in the management of cardiovascular system involvement in COVID-19 patients. The involvement of the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 patients is prevalent, variable, and debilitating. Therefore, it requires our attention and comprehensive management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352906720301949 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100557 id: cord-267566-gdjl0qmu author: Kweon, Oh Joo title: Antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infection using two serologic assays date: 2020-10-22 words: 3599.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267566-gdjl0qmu.txt summary: This study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with COVID-19 using two immunoassays. METHODS: A total of 97 samples serially collected from 17 patients with COVID-19 and 137 negative control samples were analyzed for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using the AFIAS COVID-19 Ab (Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea) and the EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit (Epitope Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA). The diagnostic sensitivities of IgM/IgG for ≤14d PSO were 21.4%/35.7~57.1% and increased to 41.2~52.9%/88.2~94.1% at >14 d PSO with specificities of 98.5%/94.2% for AFIAS COVID-19 Ab and 100.0%/96.4% for EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit. Among 137 negative controls, 12 samples (8.8%) showed positive or indeterminate results. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging threat worldwide. This study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with COVID-19 using two immunoassays. METHODS: A total of 97 samples serially collected from 17 patients with COVID-19 and 137 negative control samples were analyzed for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using the AFIAS COVID-19 Ab (Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea) and the EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit (Epitope Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA). RESULTS: With both assays, IgM and IgG rapidly increased after 7 days post symptom onset (PSO). IgM antibody levels reached a peak at 15–35 d PSO and gradually decreased. IgG levels gradually increased and remained at similar levels after 22–35 d. The diagnostic sensitivities of IgM/IgG for ≤14d PSO were 21.4%/35.7~57.1% and increased to 41.2~52.9%/88.2~94.1% at >14 d PSO with specificities of 98.5%/94.2% for AFIAS COVID-19 Ab and 100.0%/96.4% for EDI(™) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit. Among 137 negative controls, 12 samples (8.8%) showed positive or indeterminate results. CONCLUSIONS: The antibody kinetics against SARS-CoV-2 are similar to common findings of acute viral infectious diseases. Antibody testing is useful for ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection after 14 d PSO, detecting past infection, and epidemiologic surveys. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33091042/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240395 id: cord-345464-9cnbco2i author: Kwiatkowski, S. title: Why we should not stop giving aspirin to pregnant women during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 903.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345464-9cnbco2i.txt summary: To our knowledge, there is insufficient data to suggest an increased risk between prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and progression of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women at risk of placental complications. To our knowledge, there are limited data to suggest that there is an association between prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and increased risk of progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our opinion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still essential to provide first-trimester screening for placental complications and to prescribe low-dose aspirin in women who are identified as high risk for pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Based on the current knowledge of the epidemiological situation, the benefits of placental complication prevention outweigh the potential risks of adverse outcome related to the usage of low-dose aspirin in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes abstract: With the current outbreak and spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide many questions arise. There have been issued precautions regarding the use of anti-inflammatory medications, including aspirin. To our knowledge, there is insufficient data to suggest an increased risk between prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin and progression of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women at risk of placental complications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304612/ doi: 10.1002/uog.22049 id: cord-324498-kl63hglt author: Kwok, Benjamin title: Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis date: 2020-09-10 words: 3253.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324498-kl63hglt.txt summary: title: Pulmonary Embolism Response Team activation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a New York City Academic Hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients greater than or equal to 18-years-old who received emergency department or inpatient care at an academic hospital in New York City between March 1st and April 30th, 2020 (COVID era) and were found to have radiographically confirmed PE. While there was an increase in cases of PE during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID era, there was a decrease in proportion of PERT activations (26.8% vs. Patients without PERT activations during the pre-COVID era were less likely to be on LMWH (9.5% vs. In fact, PERT activations during COVID era were predominately on female patients, those with a history of DVT/PE, those on anticoagulants prior to hospital encounter, and those who were SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERT) have previously been associated with improved outcomes. We aimed to investigate whether PERT utilization, recommendations, and outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute PE changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients with acute PE who received care at an academic hospital system in New York City between March 1st and April 30th, 2020. These patients were compared against historic controls between March 1st and April 30th, 2019. PE severity, PERT utilization, initial management, PERT recommendations, and outcomes were compared. There were more cases of PE during the pandemic (82 vs. 59), but less PERT activations (26.8% vs. 64.4%, p < 0.001) despite similar markers of PE severity. PERT recommendations were similar before and during the pandemic; anticoagulation was most recommended (89.5% vs. 86.4%, p = 0.70). During the pandemic, those with PERT activations were more likely to be female (63.6% vs. 31.7%, p = 0.01), have a history of DVT/PE (22.7% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.01), and to be SARS-CoV-2 PCR negative (68.2% vs. 38.3% p = 0.02). PERT activation during the pandemic is associated with decreased length of stay (7.7 ± 7.7 vs. 13.2 ± 12.7 days, p = 0.02). PERT utilization decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and its activation was associated with different biases. PERT recommendations and outcomes were similar before and during the pandemic, and led to decreased length of stay during the pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-020-02264-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02264-8 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02264-8 id: cord-288184-fa1niz51 author: Kwon, Chan-Young title: Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-06-22 words: 5693.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288184-fa1niz51.txt summary: In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. The center uses herbal medicine (mainly Qing-Fei-Pai-Du-Tang) with established protocols based on multidisciplinary expert discussions and empirical evidence [14] , and the center also used telemedicine in conjunction with mind-body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Korea. Throughout the manual, KM doctors categorized the potential psychological condition of individuals, and explained the symptoms that may happen in this stressful situation and guided potentially useful mind-body interventions. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the world, and its deleterious effects on human domestic life, society, economics, and especially on human mental health are expected to continue. Mental health experts highlighted health issues this pandemic may cause, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mind–body intervention, such as mindfulness meditation, has accumulated sufficient empirical evidence supporting the efficacy in improving human mental health states and the use for this purpose has been increasing. Notably, some of these interventions have already been tried in the form of telemedicine or eHealth. Korea, located adjacent to China, was exposed to COVID-19 from a relatively early stage, and today it is evaluated to have been successful in controlling this disease. “The COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine” has treated more than 20% of the confirmed COVID-19 patients in Korea with telemedicine since 9 March 2020. The center used telemedicine and mind–body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580396/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124477 id: cord-304526-hoybp1h6 author: Kwon, Ki Tae title: Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak date: 2020-03-16 words: 1484.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304526-hoybp1h6.txt summary: For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Personal protective equipment (PPE) of inner and outer gloves, N95 respirator, eye-shield/face shield/goggles, and hooded coverall/gown is required for the HCWs who may have direct contact with testees. Specimen collection Drive-through COVID screening center is important since the examination work requires professionalism among all the DT stages, and this manpower pool is sparse during an outbreak situation. The main timeconsuming factor in the conventional COVID-19 screening system is the time required for ventilation and cleaning of the specimen collection room. 8 However, this time for ventilation and cleaning is not required for the DT screening system because testees'' cars are used as specimen collection rooms. In addition to the improved efficiency, the DT screening system can also exclude the risk of cross-infection between testees at the waiting space of conventional screening centers, for testees'' own cars work as isolation units throughout the test course. abstract: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is ongoing, the number of individuals to be tested for COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Herein, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 DT screening centers. The steps of the DT centers include registration, examination, specimen collection, and instructions. The entire service takes about 10 minutes for one testee without leaving his or her cars. Increased testing capacity over 100 tests per day and prevention of cross-infection between testees in the waiting space are the major advantages, while protection of staff from the outdoor atmosphere is challenging. It could be implemented in other countries to cope with the global COVID-19 outbreak and transformed according to their own situations. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123 id: cord-290642-vlyingsf author: Kwon, S. title: Association of social distancing and masking with risk of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 words: 5474.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290642-vlyingsf.txt summary: We examined the association of community-level social distancing measures and individual masking with risk of predicted COVID-19 in a large prospective U.S. cohort study of 198,077 participants. Here, we conducted a prospective study in the U.S using a smartphone-based application that collected self-reported, individual-level information on COVID-19 like symptoms, masking and other personal risk factors, in combination with community-level social distancing measures to investigate the relative effectiveness of social distancing and masking policies with the risk of COVID-19. In this prospective study of 198,077 participants using a real-time mobile phone application in U.S., we observed that individuals living in communities with the greatest social distancing had a 31% lower risk of predicted COVID-19 compared with those living in communities with poor social distancing, with maximum benefit evident after a latency period of 14 days. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 doi: medRxiv preprint community with greater social distancing and risk of predicted COVID-19 was most consistently observed among younger individuals without significant health problems or limitations in mobility. abstract: Given the continued burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) across the U.S., there is a high unmet need for data to inform decision-making regarding social distancing and universal masking. We examined the association of community-level social distancing measures and individual masking with risk of predicted COVID-19 in a large prospective U.S. cohort study of 198,077 participants. Individuals living in communities with the greatest social distancing had a 31% lower risk of predicted COVID-19 compared with those living in communities with poor social distancing. Self-reported masking was associated with a 63% reduced risk of predicted COVID-19 even among individuals living in a community with poor social distancing. These findings provide support for the efficacy of mask-wearing even in settings of poor social distancing in reducing COVID-19 transmission. In the current environment of relaxed social distancing mandates and practices, universal masking may be particularly important in mitigating risk of infection. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.11.20229500v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500 id: cord-322279-6ffnejwj author: Kwon, Seungwon title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 words: 4609.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt summary: 10 In this short narrative review, we will discuss the current clinical use and antiviral effects of Soshihotang (SSHT, Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese, Shosaikoto in Japanese), which has been used in the past mainly for infectious diseases with chronic progression. Based on the search results, we summarized the following items in the form of a narrative review; i) indications of SSHT in classical medicine and in symptoms of COVID-19, ii) utilization status and clinical evidence of SSHT in infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, iii) antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental studies, iv) potential role of SSHT in repurposing J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the treatment of COVID-19, v) SSHT variants that can be used according to various clinical symptoms, and vi) cautions when using SSHT. abstract: BACKGROUND: While the world struggles under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of antiviral agents and symptomatic treatments are being administered to patients and urgent clinical trials are underway. Under these circumstances, it is important to explore various possibilities for the treatment of COVID-19 including herbal medicines. Among various herbal medicines, Soshihotang (SSHT,Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese) has been prescribed to treat various viral diseases and is used in combination with other herbal medicines depending on the patient’s symptoms. METHODS: For conducting the present review, we searched electronic databases focusing on the antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental and clinical study until April 2020. The search keywords included SSHT, constituents of SSHT, and antiviral effect. We also searched for materials related to topic directly from websites and published books. Based on these search results, we summarized the results of the included materials in the form of a narrative review. RESULTS: In a number of recent clinical studies, treatment with SSHT improved the infection status of the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems, and experimental studies demonstrated the antiviral effect of SSHT and its components. Furthermore, SSHT are being used in China—where COVID-19 outbreak first took place—and offer a new option to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Based on the present evidences, it is believed that SSHT is likely to be a new therapeutic option for COVID-19. Conducting further studies might provide improved understanding regarding the use of SSHT in treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 id: cord-294586-95iwcocn author: Kwuimy, C. A. K. title: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action date: 2020-07-16 words: 6082.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294586-95iwcocn.txt summary: title: Nonlinear dynamic analysis of an epidemiological model for COVID-19 including public behavior and government action We use a nonlinear susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed transmission model with added behavioral and government policy dynamics. Given that, as of the writing of this paper, the COVID-19 situation is still evolving with considerable uncertainty about the future, we wish to use this paper to validate the importance of mathematical modeling in general, and nonlinear dynamic analysis in particular, to enhance our insights. The initial number of infected and removed cases for the SEIR model in both periods was considered as the real data, i.e., I 0 ¼ 1 and R 0 ¼ 0 for uncontrolled and I 0 ¼ 3736 and R 0 ¼ 47 for controlled time span. In this paper, we adapted and developed an SEIR model for the COVID-19 pandemic including different transmission rates for contacts with infected and exposed and integrated parameters and variables to model government action and social reaction. abstract: This paper is concerned with nonlinear modeling and analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic currently ravaging the planet. There are two objectives: to arrive at an appropriate model that captures the collected data faithfully and to use that as a basis to explore the nonlinear behavior. We use a nonlinear susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed transmission model with added behavioral and government policy dynamics. We develop a genetic algorithm technique to identify key model parameters employing COVID-19 data from South Korea. Stability, bifurcations and dynamic behavior are analyzed. Parametric analysis reveals conditions for sustained epidemic equilibria to occur. This work points to the value of nonlinear dynamic analysis in pandemic modeling and demonstrates the dramatic influence of social and government behavior on disease dynamics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836814/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05815-z id: cord-104500-m0kfom0x author: Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M. title: The Potential Role of Super Spread Events in SARS-COV-2 Pandemic; a Narrative Review date: 2020-09-21 words: 6842.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104500-m0kfom0x.txt summary: A comprehensive search was conducted among literature available in multiple electronic sources to find articles that addressed the "potential role of SSEs on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic" and were published before 20(th) of August 2020. Specific screening strategies within potential super spreading host groups can also help to efficiently manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) epidemics, in contrast to the partially effective general restriction measures. However, the respective potential impact of SSEs on SARS-COV-2 outbreak is composed and presented in the current review, thereby implying the warranted effort required for effective SSE preventive strategies, which may lead to overt global community health benefits. Following this initial selection stage, further screening was performed by all reviewers, using the previously described search items to identify parameters determining the global impact of COVID-19 due to SSEs. Identified parameters included the global impact of immunity and vaccination, the holy cup and religion transmission, and the austerity caused by COVID-19 and other coronavirus epidemics due to restrictions applied. abstract: Coronaviruses, members of Coronaviridae family, cause extensive epidemics of vast diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) in animals and humans. Super spread events (SSEs) potentiate early outbreak of the disease and its constant spread in later stages. Viral recombination events within species and across hosts lead to natural selection based on advanced infectivity and resistance. In this review, the importance of containment of SSEs was investigated with emphasis on stopping COVID-19 spread and its socio-economic consequences. A comprehensive search was conducted among literature available in multiple electronic sources to find articles that addressed the “potential role of SSEs on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic” and were published before 20(th) of August 2020. Overall, ninety-eight articles were found eligible and reviewed. Specific screening strategies within potential super spreading host groups can also help to efficiently manage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) epidemics, in contrast to the partially effective general restriction measures. The effect of SSEs on previous SARS epidemics has been documented in detail. However, the respective potential impact of SSEs on SARS-COV-2 outbreak is composed and presented in the current review, thereby implying the warranted effort required for effective SSE preventive strategies, which may lead to overt global community health benefits. This is crucial for SARS-COV-2 pandemic containment as the vaccine(s) development process will take considerable time to safely establish its potential usefulness for future clinical usage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587986/ doi: nan id: cord-306141-19o76jqr author: Käpplinger, Bernd title: “The lockdown of physical co-operation touches the heart of adult education”: A Delphi study on immediate and expected effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-06 words: 6832.0 sentences: 411.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306141-19o76jqr.txt summary: This article is based on the first wave of an ongoing worldwide Delphi study which is currently analysing the immediate and expected effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult education and adult learning. In a next step, the results of this first (qualitative) survey will be transferred into a new questionnaire, which will then again be presented to experts from different countries and continents (e.g. some contributors to this year''s cancelled international "Adult Education in Global Times" conference, AEGT2020). Although the first section of the questionnaire asked about immediate effects, respondents already mentioned likely changes in the near future here: "A new training for teachers, counsellors and other practitioners in adult education and learning will be necessary" (ID 45). In the second part of our questionnaire, we asked the experts about their expectations of the future effects of the COVID-19 crisis on adult education. abstract: This article is based on the first wave of an ongoing worldwide Delphi study which is currently analysing the immediate and expected effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult education and adult learning. While the methodology of Delphi studies varies a lot, in a nutshell, the core idea of a Delphi study is that it explores the future of a particular field in a collaborative way. The authors contacted more than 50 international experts in the field of adult education for a qualitative online survey between April and May 2020, asking them to provide information, observations, expectations and advice. While the findings show many cross-national similarities, there are also many differences. Clearly, adult educators are still trying to understand the implications of the crisis, which they perceive as unprecedented. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09871-w doi: 10.1007/s11159-020-09871-w id: cord-311838-ymn96yj4 author: LIU)刘茜玮(, Qianwei title: Analysis of the Influence of the Psychology Changes of Fear Induced by the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Body date: 2020-07-15 words: 4200.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311838-ymn96yj4.txt summary: In this epidemic, some studies have found that when patients are diagnosed as suspected cases, most patients will fall into a psychological state of crisis, often with abnormal emotional excitement, shock, denial, anger, and do not cooperate with treatment work; while when patients are in isolation treatment, there is an increased sense of fear of the disease, accompanied by anxiety and depression [6] . In the COVID-19 epidemic, medical workers risk being infected by the virus at any time, and suffer from a variety of physical and mental distress in the rescue process, mainly manifested as physical reactions such as physical decline, dizziness and dyspnea, accompanied by psychological changes such as fear, anxiety, depression, fear and so on. There are many ways to reduce anxiety and fear in modern medicine, such as medicine, relaxation training, self-suggestion, At present, the following problems still deserve attention: first, many surveys during COVID-19 showed that front-line health care workers, staff, patients, middle-aged, elderly people and parturients are the groups that psychological survey researchers pay more attention to. abstract: In this paper, the theory of " Fear injury kidney " in traditional Chinese medicine is systematically reviewed, and it is found that long-term or excessive psychological changes of fear are likely to damage kidney qi and kidney essence. On this basis, the psychological studies of patients, medical staff and the public during the COVID-19 epidemic in China were analyzed, and fear psychology was found to be prevalent among all kinds of people. Modern researches on “Fear injury kidney" have also found that long-term or excessive fear could cause changes in the neuro-endocrine-immune system, which can induce diseases or susceptibility to some diseases. Therefore, during or after the prevalence of COVID-19, different groups of people may have emotional reactions such as stress and fear, which should be paid long-term attention, and the influence of fear on the body cannot be ignored. According to the change rule of psychological state under stress reaction, we should actively respond to and take psychological crisis intervention measures in time to reduce the harm of psychological stress to the body. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1003525720300799?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.007 id: cord-282699-tuas2tgd author: LIU, Wei-hong title: Understanding of guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by CAAM date: 2020-03-17 words: 2983.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282699-tuas2tgd.txt summary: To better apply "non-pharmaceutic measures"—the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture–Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion. In response to the Chinese government''s call upon the solidarity in the fight against COVID-19 and to better apply the external techniques of TCM to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19, China Association of Acupuncture-Moxibustion (CAAM) developed and issued Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion intervention on COVID-19 (Second edition) (hereinafter Guidance ) [7] . The main content of Guidance is introduced as follows to assist in the effective application of TCM techniques, e.g. acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of COVID-19. abstract: At present, the situation of global fight against COVID-19 is serious. WHO (World Health Organization)-China Joint Mission fully confirms the success of “China's model” against COVID-19 in the report. In fact, one particular power in “China's model” is acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine. To better apply “non-pharmaceutic measures”—the external technique of traditional Chinese medicine, in the article, the main content of Guidance for acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on COVID-19 (Second edition) issued by China Association of Acupuncture–Moxibution is introduced and the discussion is stressed on the selection of moxibustion device and the duration of its exertion. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005 doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.03.005 id: cord-322497-hdy3va8e author: LUBANSU, Alphonse title: COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. date: 2020-09-03 words: 1165.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322497-hdy3va8e.txt summary: title: COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center. limited clinical neurosurgical experience including COVID-19 patients have been reported. A cohort of all neurosurgical patients managed during the lockdown period is presented and analyzed assessing suspected nosocomial infection risk factors. 69 Patients initially admitted to the neurosurgical ward were less likely to be suspected for a 70 COVID-19 infection when compared to patients admitted for critical emergencies, 71 particularly with neurovascular and stroke-related pathologies. 69 Patients initially admitted to the neurosurgical ward were less likely to be suspected for a 70 COVID-19 infection when compared to patients admitted for critical emergencies, 71 particularly with neurovascular and stroke-related pathologies. Accordingly, the health ministry guidelines reserved biochemical tests of nasopharyngeal 103 samples only for suspected COVID-19 patients requiring hospital admission, and no targeted 104 screening strategy was defined for healthcare providers. The management of emergency spinal surgery 372 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy abstract: Introduction The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenge. Different models of reorganization have been described aiming to preserve resources while ensuring optimal medical care. limited clinical neurosurgical experience including COVID-19 patients have been reported. We share organizational experience, attitudes, and preliminary data of patients treated at our institution. Methods Institutional guidelines and patient workflow are described and visualized. A cohort of all neurosurgical patients managed during the lockdown period is presented and analyzed assessing suspected nosocomial infection risk factors. A comparative surgical subcohort from the previous year was used to investigate the impact on surgical activity. Results A total of 176 patients were admitted in 66 days, twenty tested positive for COVID-19. Patients initially admitted to the neurosurgical ward were less likely to be suspected for a COVID-19 infection when compared to patients admitted for critical emergencies, particularly with neurovascular and stroke-related pathologies. The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was remarkably high (45%), and even higher in patients that underwent surgical intervention (77 %). In addition to the expected drop in surgical activity (-53%), a decrease in traumatic emergencies was noted. Conclusion By applying infection prevention and resource-sparing logistics measures shared by the international medical community, we were able to maintain essential neurosurgical care in a pandemic with controlled nosocomial infection risk. Special consideration should be given to medical management and surgical indications in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as they seem to exhibit a problematic hemostatic profile that might result in an unfavorable clinical and surgical outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.168 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.168 id: cord-343322-vx3lub3s author: LUBANSU, Alphonse title: Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". date: 2020-11-02 words: 284.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343322-vx3lub3s.txt summary: key: cord-343322-vx3lub3s title: Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding " COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center ". cord_uid: vx3lub3s for their interest and valuable questions regarding our recently published paper "COVID-19 impact on neurosurgical practice: lockdown attitude and experience of a European academic center". We noted and appreciated that the protocol and workflow for the management of neurosurgical patients that we applied at the early onset of the COVID 19 pandemic, at our institute, seems to be also effectively applied in larger and different countries such as India. On pandemics: the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of neurosurgery Preliminary Recommendations for Surgical Practice of Neurosurgery Department in the Central Epidemic Area of 2019 Coronavirus Infection Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response Countries where Coronavirus has spread -Worldometer abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.143 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.143 id: cord-338968-b1gg2ha7 author: La Rosée, Felicitas title: Ruxolitinib in COVID-19 Hyperinflammation and Haematologic Malignancies date: 2020-08-20 words: 1087.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338968-b1gg2ha7.txt summary: COVID-19 is a pandemic illness forcing clinicians and clinician scientists to respond to an unforeseen 20% rate of hospital admissions due to respiratory distress and a sepsis-like hyperinflammatory cytokine release syndrome that develops in a subgroup of SARS-CoV2-infected patients. Initial results of the WUHAN COVID-19 cohort suggested a major impact of hyperinflammation characterized by a specific cytokine profile including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α on patient outcome. The antiviral drug remdesivir (rem) applied at early stages and the corticosteroid dexamethasone (dex) in oxygen-dependent and severely affected patients by now seem the only disease-modifying agents with signals of efficacy in randomized controlled trials [1] . The reported patients worsened clinically despite active immunosuppression, but responded to rux, a JAK1/2 inhibitor suppressing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α besides other proinflammatory cytokines [2] . Combination of Ruxolitinib and Eculizumab for Treatment of Severe SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Controlled Study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000510770 doi: 10.1159/000510770 id: cord-279991-w2aoogjj author: Labrague, Leodoro J. title: Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date: 2020-09-27 words: 4685.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt summary: As unmanaged anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 may potentially lead to long-term effects on nurses'' work performance and job satisfaction, leading to frequent absenteeism and eventual turnover (Lee et al., 2020; , it is critically important to examine whether frontline nurses'' fear of COVID-19 contributes to psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. After adjusting for nurse/unit/hospital characteristics, an increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction (β = -0.165; p = 0.01), increased psychological distress (β = 0.464; p = 0.001) and increased organisational (β = 0.298; p = 0.001) and professional (β = 0.219; p = 0.001) turnover intentions. This study investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on frontline nurses'' job satisfaction, psychological distress, organisational turnover intention and professional turnover intention. abstract: AIM: To examine the relative influence of fear of COVID‐19 on nurses’ psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. BACKGROUND: The emergence of COVID‐19 has significantly impacted the psychological and mental well‐being of frontline healthcare workers, including nurses. To date, no studies have been conducted examining how this fear of COVID‐19 contributes to health, well‐being and work outcomes in frontline nurses. METHODS: This is a cross‐sectional research design involving 261 frontline nurses in the Philippines. Five standardised scales were used for data collection. RESULTS: Overall, the composite score of the fear of COVID‐19 scale was 19.92. Job role and attendance of COVID‐19‐related training predicted fear of COVID‐19. An increased level of fear of COVID‐19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological distress, and increased organisational and professional turnover intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline nurses who reported not having attended COVID‐19‐related training and those who held part‐time job roles reported increased fears of COVID‐19. Addressing the fear of COVID‐19 may result in improved job outcomes in frontline nurses, such as increased job satisfaction, decreased stress levels and lower intent to leave the organisation and the profession. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Organisational measures are vital to support the mental health of nurses and address their fear of COVID‐19 through peer and social support, psychological and mental support services (e.g., counselling or psychotherapy), provision of training related to COVID‐19, and accurate and regular information updates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32985046/ doi: 10.1111/jonm.13168 id: cord-275852-hvbsx5an author: Lachapelle, F. title: COVID-19 Preprints and Their Publishing Rate: An Improved Method date: 2020-09-07 words: 9299.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275852-hvbsx5an.txt summary: Findings: My analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset that were uploaded on from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. In this paper, using CORD-19 data and conditional fuzzy matching, I measure the proportion of preprints produce between January and August 2020 have been published as peer-reviewed articles, a measure I will refer to as ''conversion rate''. To the main research question of this paper, namely, which proportion of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset were also published in a peer-review journal, the analysis reveals that 14.68% (n=1, 328) research documents uploaded on MedArxiv, BioArxiv, and Arxiv servers between . My analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset uploaded on three major repository servers between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. abstract: Context: As the COVID-19 pandemic persists around the world, the scientific community continues to produce and circulate knowledge on the deadly disease at an unprecedented rate. During the early stage of the pandemic, preprints represented nearly 40% of all English-language COVID-19 scientific corpus (6, 000+ preprints | 16, 000+ articles). As of mid-August 2020, that proportion dropped to around 28% (13, 000+ preprints | 49, 000+ articles). Nevertheless, preprint servers remain a key engine in the efficient dissemination of scientific work on this infectious disease. But, giving the uncertified nature of the scientific manuscripts curated on preprint repositories, their integration to the global ecosystem of scientific communication is not without creating serious tensions. This is especially the case for biomedical knowledge since the dissemination of bad science can have widespread societal consequences. Scope: In this paper, I propose a robust method that will allow the repeated monitoring and measuring of COVID-19 preprint's publication rate. I also introduce a new API called Upload-or-Perish. It is a micro-API service that enables a client to query a specific preprint manuscript's publication status and associated meta-data using a unique ID. This tool is in active development. Data: I use Covid-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to calculate COVID-19 preprint corpus' conversion rate to peer-reviewed articles. CORD-19 dataset includes preprints from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv. Methods: I utilize conditional fuzzy logic on article titles to determine if a preprint has a published counterpart version in the database. My approach is an important departure from previous studies that rely exclusively on bioRxiv API to ascertain preprints' publication status. This is problematic since the level of false positives in bioRxiv metadata could be as high as 37%. Findings: My analysis reveals that around 15% of COVID-19 preprint manuscripts in CORD-19 dataset that were uploaded on from arXiv, bioRxiv, and medRxiv between January and early August 2020 were published in a peer-reviewed venue. When compared to the most recent measure available, this represents a two-fold increase in a period of two months. My discussion review and theorize on the potential explanations for COVID-19 preprints' low conversion rate. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.04.20188771v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.04.20188771 id: cord-287653-69nfi379 author: Lacy, J. Matthew title: COVID-19: POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSTIC AND BIOSAFETY CONSIDERATIONS date: 2020-04-24 words: 5202.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287653-69nfi379.txt summary:  Prosect cases in negative pressure isolation suite with at least 6-12 air changes per hour  Doff contact and droplet precaution PPE, as well as N95 respirator or PAPR  Limit personnel in the isolation suite to the minimum necessary to perform the examination  Employ splash and aerosol reduction techniques during prosection; oscillating saws are discouraged but if used should have vacuum shroud attachment  Use caution when handling sharps; allow only one person to prosect at a given time  Ensure a technician is outside isolation room to monitor procedure and provide support as needed  Procure synthetic nasopharyngeal (+/-lung) respiratory swabs in sterile tubes of 2-3 ml of viral transport media for SARS-CoV-2 testing as needed  Carefully decontaminate morgue surfaces and outer body bag following autopsy  Ensure body is fully enclosed in a secure bag, tag as infectious and ensure funeral home is informed  Consider modifying release procedures to prevent bag being opened in morgue for identification  Perform hand hygiene after doffing PPE A C C E P T E D abstract: As a result of the 2019 novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) global spread, medical examiner/coroner offices will inevitably encounter increased numbers of COVID-19-infected decedents at autopsy. While in some cases a history of fever and/or respiratory distress (e.g. cough or shortness of breath) may suggest the diagnosis, epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of individuals infected with COVID-19 develop mild to no symptoms. Those dying with—but not of—COVID-19 may still be infectious, however. While multiple guidelines have been issued regarding autopsy protocol in cases of suspected COVID-19 deaths, there is some variability in the recommendations. Additionally, limited recommendations to date have been issued regarding scene investigative protocol, and there are a paucity of publications characterizing COVID-19 postmortem gross and histologic findings. A case of sudden unexpected death due to COVID-19 is presented as a means of illustrating common autopsy findings, as well as diagnostic and biosafety considerations. We also review and summarize the current COVID-19 literature in an effort to provide practical evidence-based biosafety guidance for ME/C offices encountering COVID-19 at autopsy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32379077/ doi: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000567 id: cord-355824-7p7lov2e author: Ladds, E. title: Persistent symptoms after Covid-19: qualitative study of 114 long Covid patients and draft quality criteria for services date: 2020-10-14 words: 6656.0 sentences: 404.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355824-7p7lov2e.txt summary: Analysis revealed a confusing illness with many, varied and often relapsing-remitting symptoms and uncertain prognosis; a heavy sense of loss and stigma; difficulty accessing and navigating services; difficulty being taken seriously and achieving a diagnosis; disjointed and siloed care (including inability to access specialist services); variation in standards (e.g. inconsistent criteria for seeing, investigating and referring patients); variable quality of the therapeutic relationship (some participants felt well supported while others described feeling fobbed off); and possible critical events (e.g. deterioration after being unable to access services). Whilst academic publications have estimated that 10-20% of people are still unwell after 3 weeks and 1-3% are still significantly unwell after 12 weeks, 3 8 self-surveys of patients recruited from long Covid peer support groups suggest a much high incidence of persistent symptoms even taking account of sampling bias (for example, several thousand people from the UK in such groups report symptoms six months after their acute illness, which suggests that the figure of 1% cannot be correct). abstract: Background Approximately 10% of patients with Covid-19 experience symptoms beyond 3-4 weeks. Patients call this long Covid. We sought to document the lived experience of such patients, their accounts of accessing and receiving healthcare, and their ideas for improving services. Method We held 55 individual interviews and 8 focus groups (n = 59) with people recruited from UK-based long Covid patient support groups, social media and snowballing. We restricted some focus groups to health professionals since they had already self-organised into online communities. Participants were invited to tell their personal stories and comment on other stories. Data were audiotaped, transcribed, anonymised and coded using NVIVO. Analysis incorporated sociological theories of illness, healing, peer support, the clinical relationship, access to care, and service redesign. Results The sample was 70% female, aged 27-73 years, and comprised White British (74%), Asian (11%), White Other (7%), Black (4%), and Mixed (4%). 27 were doctors and 23 other health professionals. Approximately 10% had been hospitalised. Analysis revealed a confusing illness with many, varied and often relapsing-remitting symptoms and uncertain prognosis; a heavy sense of loss and stigma; difficulty accessing and navigating services; difficulty being taken seriously and achieving a diagnosis; disjointed and siloed care (including inability to access specialist services); variation in standards (e.g. inconsistent criteria for seeing, investigating and referring patients); variable quality of the therapeutic relationship (some participants felt well supported while others described feeling fobbed off); and possible critical events (e.g. deterioration after being unable to access services). Emotional touch points in participant experiences informed ideas for improving services. Conclusion Quality principles for a long Covid service should include ensuring access to care, reducing burden of illness, taking clinical responsibility and providing continuity of care, multi-disciplinary rehabilitation, evidence-based investigation and management, and further development of the knowledge base and clinical services. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.13.20211854v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211854 id: cord-343389-n276aksa author: Lades, Leonhard K. title: Daily emotional well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 3213.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343389-n276aksa.txt summary: Aspects of everyday life associated with reduced positive and reduced negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic include the following: Time spent outdoors; Exercising; Going for a walk; Gardening; Taking care of children; and Engaging in in-person social interactions with friends. Aspects of everyday life associated with reduced positive and raised negative affect during the COVID-19 pandemic include the following: Being at work; Home-schooling children; Obtaining information about COVID-19; Work-related social interactions; and Interactions with one''s spouse or significant other. Drawing on the DRM, we estimated how affective experiences are associated with daily activities, time spent indoors/outdoors, and social interaction during the pandemic with a view to providing evidence to inform academic and policy debates on how the emotional consequences of self-isolation measures may be mitigated or exacerbated. In line with prior research (Bryson & MacKerron, 2017) , time spent in work-related personal or remote interactions was linked to reduced positive and increased negative affect (see Figure 1 and Table S2 ). abstract: The COVID‐19 outbreak has become one of the largest public health crises of our time. Governments have responded by implementing self‐isolation and physical distancing measures that have profoundly impacted daily life throughout the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate how people experience the activities, interactions, and settings of their lives during the pandemic. The sample (N = 604) was assessed in Ireland on the 25 March 2020, following the closure of schools and non‐essential businesses. We examined within‐person variance in emotional well‐being and how people spend their time. We found that while most time was spent in the home (74%), time spent outdoors (8%) was associated with markedly raised positive affect and reduced negative emotions. Exercising, going for walks, gardening, pursuing hobbies, and taking care of children were the activities associated with the greatest affective benefits. Home‐schooling children and obtaining information about COVID‐19 were ranked lowest of all activities in terms of emotional experience. These findings highlight activities that may play a protective role in relation to well‐being during the pandemic, the importance of setting limits for exposure to COVID‐19‐related media coverage, and the need for greater educational supports to facilitate home‐schooling during this challenging period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573074/ doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12450 id: cord-273093-u79r80ip author: Laforge, Mireille title: Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 1348.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273093-u79r80ip.txt summary: The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. By producing excessive ROS, deregulated neutrophils can spread a local inflammatory response so that it becomes systemic, which explains why they have been involved The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. In conclusion, the presence of oxidative stress markers (for example, lipid peroxidation, rTEM and a high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) in patients with COVID-19 may help to identify high-risk individuals early in the course of the disease and prevent their sudden deterioration. abstract: The high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio observed in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote a cascade of biological events that drive pathological host responses. ROS induce tissue damage, thrombosis and red blood cell dysfunction, which contribute to COVID-19 disease severity. We suggest that free radical scavengers could be beneficial for the most vulnerable patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1 doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1 id: cord-340710-dmow5p7k author: Lagana, Stephen M. title: Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data date: 2020-08-13 words: 4539.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340710-dmow5p7k.txt summary: title: Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data Here we report the clinical and histologic findings related to the liver in 40 patients who died of complications of COVID-19. In conclusion, we found patients dying of COVID-19 had biochemical evidence of hepatitis (of variable severity) and demonstrated histologic findings of macrovesicular steatosis and mild acute hepatitis (lobular necroinflammation) and mild portal inflammation. A more recent study performed core needle biopsies on the livers of four patients and reported nonspecific findings, attributed to preexisting disease or perimortem injury [4] . Histologically, the most frequently encountered findings were macrovesicular steatosis, mild acute hepatitis, and minimal-to-mild portal inflammation. Nonetheless, based on the pattern of injury observed and the results of the PCR analysis, SARS-CoV-2 seems to involve the liver, and is associated with, possibly causal of, macrovesicular steatosis and acute hepatitis. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 19, or COVID-19) primarily causes pulmonary injury, but has been implicated to cause hepatic injury, both by serum markers and histologic evaluation. The histologic pattern of injury has not been completely described. Studies quantifying viral load in the liver are lacking. Here we report the clinical and histologic findings related to the liver in 40 patients who died of complications of COVID-19. A subset of liver tissue blocks were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). Peak levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were elevated; median ALT peak 68 U/l (normal up to 46 U/l) and median AST peak 102 U/l (normal up to 37 U/l). Macrovesicular steatosis was the most common finding, involving 30 patients (75%). Mild lobular necroinflammation and portal inflammation were present in 20 cases each (50%). Vascular pathology, including sinusoidal microthrombi, was infrequent, seen in six cases (15%). PCR of liver tissue was positive in 11 of 20 patients tested (55%). In conclusion, we found patients dying of COVID-19 had biochemical evidence of hepatitis (of variable severity) and demonstrated histologic findings of macrovesicular steatosis and mild acute hepatitis (lobular necroinflammation) and mild portal inflammation. We also identified viral RNA in a sizeable subset of liver tissue samples. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-00649-x doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-00649-x id: cord-339902-tsd6sjcx author: Lagunas-Rangel, F. A. title: Laboratory findings that predict a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis date: 2020-07-04 words: 994.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339902-tsd6sjcx.txt summary: Diabetes is one of the main comorbidities in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because the presence of diabetes and COVID-19 in the same patient is related to a poor clinical prognosis and a high probability of death, it is necessary to determine what findings allow us to predict a good or bad resolution of the disease in order to opt for a traditional treatment or a more incisive one. In this way, in the present work we analyze which laboratory parameters showed differences in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered and in those who had complications or died. 1 In COVID-19 patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the 31 main comorbidities associated with severe disease, ARDS, and increased mortality. 3, 4 Since establishing an early prognosis in patients 38 with diabetes infected with SARS-CoV-2 could help in their treatment decisions, in the 39 present work we analyzed which laboratory parameters showed differences that could predict 40 a good or bad resolution of the disease. abstract: Diabetes is one of the main comorbidities in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because the presence of diabetes and COVID-19 in the same patient is related to a poor clinical prognosis and a high probability of death, it is necessary to determine what findings allow us to predict a good or bad resolution of the disease in order to opt for a traditional treatment or a more incisive one. In this way, in the present work we analyze which laboratory parameters showed differences in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes who recovered and in those who had complications or died. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.02.20145391v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.02.20145391 id: cord-257357-u1npw7tw author: Lagunas‐Rangel, Francisco Alejandro title: Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte‐to‐C‐reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A meta‐analysis date: 2020-04-08 words: 423.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257357-u1npw7tw.txt summary: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) are established inflammation markers that reflect systemic inflammatory response, and both are available in almost all laboratories. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether NLR and LCR values can help predict clinical severity in patients with COVID-19. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis Despite several reports describing increased levels of neutrophils and C-reactive protein along with a decrease in lymphocyte numbers in patients with COVID-19, 2,6-10 until now, very few reports have considered the cost-effective markers NLR and LCR to aid complication predictions. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. abstract: Since March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, with a series of confirmed cases that currently exceeded 300,000 people worldwide and with approximately 14,500 deaths. Accumulated evidence suggests that a subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 could have a dysregulation of the immune response that allows the development of viral hyperinflammation. Thus, all patients with severe COVID-19 should be screened for hyperinflammation using laboratory parameters in order to improve mortality. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) are established inflammation markers that reflect systemic inflammatory response, and both are available in almost all laboratories. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether NLR and LCR values can help predict clinical severity in patients with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32242950/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25819 id: cord-352828-4ecik6xw author: Lagziel, Tomer title: Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) date: 2020-05-19 words: 2439.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352828-4ecik6xw.txt summary: title: Two False Negative Test Results in a Symptomatic Patient with a Confirmed Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Suspected Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) The pathogen known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is notable for attacking the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress, but it can also severely affect other systems in at-risk individuals including cardiovascular compromise, gastrointestinal distress, acute kidney injury, coagulopathies, cutaneous manifestations, and ultimately death from multi-organ failure. We present a confirmed COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. We present a COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. abstract: The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has put significant strain on the current health system and has exposed dangers previously overlooked. The pathogen known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is notable for attacking the pulmonary system causing acute respiratory distress, but it can also severely affect other systems in at-risk individuals including cardiovascular compromise, gastrointestinal distress, acute kidney injury, coagulopathies, cutaneous manifestations, and ultimately death from multi-organ failure. Unfortunately, the reliability of negative test results is questionable and the high infectious burden of the virus calls for extended safety precautions, especially in symptomatic patients. We present a confirmed COVID-19 case that was transferred to our burn center for concern of Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) overlap syndrome after having two negative confirmatory COVID-19 tests at an outside hospital. A 58-year-old female with a history of morbid obesity, HTN, gout, CML managed with imatinib, and chronic kidney disease presented as a transfer from a community hospital to our burn center. The patient was admitted to her community hospital with febrile, acute respiratory distress. Imaging and clinical presentation was consistent with COVID-19 and lab tests for the pathogen were ordered. During observation, while waiting for results, she was placed under patient under investigation (PUI) protocol. Once negative results were obtained, the PUI protocol was abandoned despite ongoing symptoms. Subsequently, dermatological symptoms developed and transfer to our burn center was initiated. After a second negative test result, the symptomatic patient was transferred to our burn center for expert wound management. Given the lack of resolve of respiratory symptoms and concern for the burn patient population, the patient was placed in PUI protocol and an internal COVID-19 was ordered. The patient’s initial exam under standard COVID-19 airborne precautions revealed 5% total body surface area of loss of epidermis affecting bilateral thighs, bilateral arms, and face. A dermatopathological biopsy suggested a bullous drug reaction with an erythema multiform-like reaction pattern versus SJS/TEN. Moreover, the internal COVID-19 test returned positive. The delayed positive test results and complicated hospital course with our patient required us to scale back and notify every patient and staff member whom they came in contact with, across multiple institutions. We suggest that whenever a suspected COVID-19 patient is transferred to a specialized center, they should be isolated and re-checked before joining the new patient population for treatment of the unique condition. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8198 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8198 id: cord-298536-kksivbh8 author: Lahav, Yael title: Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 – The Contribution of Continuous Traumatic Stress date: 2020-08-10 words: 6704.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298536-kksivbh8.txt summary: Individuals who had been exposed to trauma, and to CTS in particular, had elevated anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms compared to individuals without such a history or to survivors of non-ongoing traumatic events. Specifically, the current investigation strove to explore the contribution of PTSD symptoms as a result of past trauma exposure versus as a result of CTS in explaining psychological distress (peritraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms) in the face of COVID-19. To explore the moderating role of trauma type (CTS versus previous non-ongoing trauma exposure) in the associations between PTSD symptoms and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, moderation analyses were conducted via PROCESS (Model 1) computational macro (Hayes, 2012) . Additionally, higher levels of PTSD symptoms subsequent to trauma exposure were related to elevated psychological distress manifested in anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a substantial stressor that could eventuate in psychological distress. Evidence suggests that individuals previously exposed to traumatic events, and particularly to continuous traumatic stress (CTS), might be more vulnerable to distress when facing additional stressors. This study aimed to investigate these suppositions in the context of the ongoing shelling of Israel from the Israel-Gaza border, which continues even amidst the COVID-19 crisis. METHOD: An online survey was conducted among Israel's general population. The sample included 976 participants. Seven-hundred-and-ninety-three participants had been exposed to traumatic events, with 255 participants reporting CTS. Trauma exposure, COVID-19-related stressors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 (anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms) were assessed. RESULTS: Most participants reported experiencing at least one psychiatric symptom related to COVID-19. Being younger, female, not in a relationship, having a below-average income, being diagnosed with the disease, living alone during the outbreak, having a close other in a high-risk group, and negatively self-rating one's health status were associated with elevated distress. Individuals who had been exposed to trauma, and to CTS in particular, had elevated anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic stress symptoms compared to individuals without such a history or to survivors of non-ongoing traumatic events. CTS moderated the relations between PTSD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and peritraumatic stress symptoms, with significantly stronger relations found among individuals exposed to CTS. LIMITATIONS: This study relied on convenience sampling. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma survivors, and particularly traumatized individuals exposed to CTS, seem at risk for psychological distress related to COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165032720325994 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.141 id: cord-253704-y0t30xw3 author: Lahiri, Durjoy title: COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective date: 2020-04-29 words: 4348.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253704-y0t30xw3.txt summary: Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to mainly affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. In the present paper, we have reviewed the recently published or pre-print original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets in order to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Another report from China describes a case of acute myelitis, possibly affecting the cervical spinal cord, as evidenced by the clinical features, in a known patient of SARS-CoV-2 infection [22] . abstract: Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations: (a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Post-infective neurological complications include demyelinating conditions. Reduced mobility and dementia as co-morbidities may predispose a patient to have a viral infection. It is concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 presents for a neurologist some unique challenges. We observe that SARS-CoV-2 may have various neurological manifestations and in many cases, neurological features may precede typical respiratory symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7889 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7889 id: cord-325793-5vrr7msw author: Lahiry, Anup K. title: Dermatosurgery Practice and Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations by IADVL SIG Dermatosurgery (IADVL Academy) date: 2020-05-10 words: 1926.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325793-5vrr7msw.txt summary: Telemedicine services could be offered, depending on the recommendations issued separately, irrespective of the COVID-19 infective status of the patients. Use of hand sanitizer and wet wipes (60-90% alcohol based) should be ensured and they should be made available at the entry, in the waiting area, washrooms and examination rooms. 5. If any patient with symptoms or possible COVID-19 exposure needs to be seen, use droplet precautions. The goal should be to provide timely surgical care to patients presenting with emergent conditions requiring dermatosurgical intervention; while at the same time, optimizing patient care resources (availability of health care staff, personal protective equipment, gloves, masks, etc.), preserving the health of caregivers and breaking the chain of transmission. A retrospective cohort analysis of 34 patients undergoing elective surgery during the incubation period of COVID-19, showed poor surgical outcomes. If possible, room for suspected COVID-19 patients should be different from those for other emergent surgical patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695688/ doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_237_20 id: cord-351890-b33zj9e9 author: Lahmer, T. title: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study date: 2020-07-22 words: 3257.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351890-b33zj9e9.txt summary: Methods: We prospectively screened 32 critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia for a time period of 28 days using a standardized study protocol for oberservation of developement of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Along with other uncertainties during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay, superinfections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), are well-known complications of severe viral pneumonia in critically ill patients. In analogy to what has been reported in critically ill patients with severe influenza associated pneumonia, the aim of our prospective AspCOVID-19 study is to describe the incidence and outcome of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in critically ill patients with severe pneumonia using a standardized screening procedure and assess whether COVID-19 is independently associated with IPA. Patients of the COVID-19 cohort were prospectively screened in defined time intervals for developement of Covid-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) following the study protocol (figure 1). abstract: Background: Superinfections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), are well-known complications of critically ill patients with severe viral pneumonia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of IPA in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: We prospectively screened 32 critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia for a time period of 28 days using a standardized study protocol for oberservation of developement of COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We collected laboratory, microbiological, virological and clinical parameters at defined timepoints in combination with galactomannan-antigen-detection from bronchial aspirates. We used logistic regression analyses to assess if COVID-19 was independently associated with IPA and compared it with matched controls. Findings: CAPA was diagnosed at a median of 4 days after ICU admission in 11/32 (34%) of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to 8% in the control cohort. In the COVID-19 cohort, mean age, APACHE II score and ICU mortality were higher in patients with CAPA than in patients without CAPA (36% versus 9.5%; p<0.001). ICU stay (21 versus 17 days; p=0.340) and days of mechanical ventilation (20 versus 15 days; p=0.570) were not different between both groups. In regression analysis COVID-19 and APACHE II score were independently associated with IPA. Interpretation: CAPA is highly prevalent and associated with a high mortality rate. COVID-19 is independently associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. A standardized screening and diagnostic approach as presented in our study can help to identify affected patients at an early stage. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.21.20158972v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158972 id: cord-277489-lsrqko6p author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status date: 2020-03-19 words: 2128.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277489-lsrqko6p.txt summary: title: Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status of days between the first reported case and 29 February 2020) was greatest in China (1320.85), followed by the Republic of Korea (78.78), Iran (43.11) and Italy (30.62). This is probably the reason why there was only 39 cases (as of 29 February 2020) with a DCI of 1 case per day in Taiwan, which is much lower than that of nearby countries such as the Republic of Korea and Japan. According to a report of the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 has affected 85 403 pa-tients in 57 countries/territories and has caused 2924 deaths as of 29 February 2020, of which approximately 92.9% of cases and 97.1% of deaths have been in China [1] . abstract: It has been 2 months since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. So far, COVID-19 has affected 85 403 patients in 57 countries/territories and has caused 2924 deaths in 9 countries. However, epidemiological data differ between countries. Although China had higher morbidity and mortality than other sites, the number of new daily cases in China has been lower than outside of China since 26 February 2020. The incidence ranged from 61.44 per 1 000 000 people in the Republic of Korea to 0.0002 per 1 000 000 people in India. The daily cumulative index (DCI) of COVID-19 (cumulative cases/no. of days between the first reported case and 29 February 2020) was greatest in China (1320.85), followed by the Republic of Korea (78.78), Iran (43.11) and Italy (30.62). However, the DCIs in other countries/territories were <10 per day. Several effective measures including restricting travel from China, controlling the distribution of masks, extensive investigation of COVID-19 spread, and once-daily press conferences by the government to inform and educate people were aggressively conducted in Taiwan. This is probably the reason why there was only 39 cases (as of 29 February 2020) with a DCI of 1 case per day in Taiwan, which is much lower than that of nearby countries such as the Republic of Korea and Japan. In addition, the incidence and mortality were correlated with the DCI. However, further study and continued monitoring are needed to better understand the underlying mechanism of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920300960 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946 id: cord-304388-pth2d40p author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths date: 2020-03-04 words: 4374.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304388-pth2d40p.txt summary: Abstract Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. 11, 15 Similarly, the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team in China reported that 66.7% (n Z 29,798) of 44,672 cases of COVID-19 of varying degrees of severity were between 20 and 60 years of age. First, the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 ranges from the asymptomatic carrier state to severe pneumonia; however, most early reports only showed the findings of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, in which the ratio of male patients was much larger than that of female patients, there were no pediatric cases, and the mortality rate was high. abstract: Abstract Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that most COVID-19 cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 can present as an asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases. Indeed, age and disease severity may be correlated with the outcomes of COVID-19. To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012 id: cord-305763-160heazx author: Lai, Chih-Cheng title: Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review date: 2020-10-09 words: 4257.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305763-160heazx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305763-160heazx.txt summary: One population-based study demonstrated that the positive rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hospital settings was 2.5% (170/6919), which was higher than that reported in the community setting (0.8%, 81/10,449) . Many studies had evaluated the seroprevalence among HCWs (Steensels et al., 2020; Martin et al., 2020; Korth et al., 2020; Stubblefield et al., 2020; Pallett et al., 2020; Grant et al., 2020; Hunter et al., 2020; Self et al., 2020; Moscola et al., 2020; Plebani et al., 2020 HCWs who regularly had direct contact with units housing adult COVID-19 patients in the month prior to undergoing testing with the validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the extracellular domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Stubblefield et al., 2020) . These findings may be due to the fact that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence varies according to the different study countries/regions, study populations, timing during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, and methods used for serology tests. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to a global pandemic. However, the majority of currently available data are restricted to laboratory-confirmed cases for symptomatic patients, and the SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest as an asymptomatic or mild disease; therefore, the true extent of the burden of COVID-19 can be underestimated. Improved serological detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can help estimate the true number of infections. This article comprehensively reviewed the associated literature and provides updated information regarding the seroprevalence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. The seroprevalence can vary according to different sites and the seroprevalence can increase with time in the longitudinal follow-up. Although healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those caring for COVID-19 patients, are considered as a high-risk group, the seroprevalence of a HCW wearing adequate personal protective equipment is thought to not be higher than other groups. With regard to sex, no statistical difference has been found between male and female subjects. Some, but not all, studies have shown that children have a lower risk than other age groups. Finally, seroprevalence can vary according to different populations, such as pregnant women and hemodialysis patients; however, limited studies have examined these associations. Furthermore, continued seroprevalence surveillance is warranted to estimate and monitor the growing burden of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.011 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.011 id: cord-282780-34j7gquo author: Lai, Kevin E. title: Tele-Neuro-Ophthalmology During the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 6297.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282780-34j7gquo.txt summary: In addition, a physician can use phone visits to triage visual symptoms with a normal dilated eye examination by another provider or discuss medication compliance and tolerance, neuroimaging findings, and laboratory test results. Before COVID-19, a telemedicine visit might follow an initial in-person visit: the patient could complete local visual field testing, fundus photographs, OCT, and/or MRI, and then review the results with the neuro-ophthalmologist over phone or video as the case history is discussed. Patients who have Apple iPhone 7 Plus or who do not have an assistant available can use "Vision@home," an online test validated for both near (40 cm) and distance (2 m, assistant needed) visual acuities that is accessible free on their phone browser at www.visionathome.com.au (9) . Conceptually, technological privacy and security refer to how the user (doctor-patient), the company providing the platform (e.g., Zoom and Google), and everyone else on the internet (external parties) relate to each other (see Supplemental Digital Content 15, Figure E8 , http://links.lww. abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/wno.0000000000001024 doi: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001024 id: cord-348619-rnjvdu12 author: Lai, Lucinda title: Digital triage: Novel strategies for population health management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-10-26 words: 3392.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348619-rnjvdu12.txt summary: Recognizing that the majority of COVID-19 cases are mild and do not require hospitalization, Partners HealthCare implemented an automated pre-hospital triage solution to direct patients to the appropriate care setting before they showed up at the emergency department, which would otherwise consume resources, expose other patients and staff to potential viral transmission, and further exacerbate supply-and demand mismatching. 4, 5 To address these concerns, our organization-Partners HealthCare (now Mass General Brigham) in Boston, Massachusetts-created a set of offerings for patients and the public including a COVID-19 telephone hot-line, robotic process automation chatbots, specialized respiratory illness clinics (RICs), drive-through testing sites, surge facilities for acute and postacute care, and Emergency Department (ED) and inpatient pathways tailored to the unique needs of COVID-19 patients as we grappled with treating this disease at the same time we were learning about it. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the U.S. healthcare system due to the mismatch between healthcare system capacity and patient demand. The healthcare industry has been a slow adopter of digital innovation due to the conventional belief that humans need to be at the center of every healthcare delivery task. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to carry out specific tasks such as pre-hospital triage and allow clinicians to deliver care at scale. Recognizing that the majority of COVID-19 cases are mild and do not require hospitalization, Partners HealthCare implemented an automated pre-hospital triage solution to direct patients to the appropriate care setting before they showed up at the emergency department, which would otherwise consume resources, expose other patients and staff to potential viral transmission, and further exacerbate supply-and demand mismatching. Although the use of AI has been well-established in other industries to optimize supply and demand matching, the introduction of AI to perform tasks remotely that were traditionally performed in-person by clinical staff represents a significant milestone in healthcare operations strategy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213076420300920 doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100493 id: cord-335192-ezl7xgeb author: Lai, Paul BS title: COVID‐19 and surgical practice date: 2020-07-22 words: 296.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335192-ezl7xgeb.txt summary: From PubMed, 2 if you try to search "COVID-19 and surgery" as keywords, you will find 3219 publications published in the past few months. The most significant impact worldwide is the suspension of elective operations as surgical patients were deprived of access to operation theatres and intensive care units. Although the knock-on effects on surgery waiting time are yet to be seen, it is almost certain that there will be collateral damage to surgical patients in terms of loss of function or risk of adverse prognosis. In preparing better the surgical workforce to face future pandemic challenges, we may have to consider how we can equip frontline surgeons with the necessary skills and credentials to manage and care for patients suffering from COVID-19 or other infectious diseases if the demand surges. Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services COVID-19 and laparoscopic surgery: scoping review of current literature and local expertise abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837532/ doi: 10.1111/1744-1633.12444 id: cord-313415-5qrpucr4 author: Lai, Rongtao title: Sentinel surveillance strategies for early detection of coronavirus disease in fever clinics: experience from China date: 2020-08-25 words: 1902.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313415-5qrpucr4.txt summary: During SARS period in 2003, fever clinics emerged in many cities in mainland China with the purpose to screen the suspected SARS patients and to transfer the confirmed cases to designated hospitals for professional management. During SARS period in 2003, fever clinics emerged in many cities in mainland China with the purpose to screen the suspected SARS patients and to transfer the confirmed cases to designated hospitals for professional management. It is employed for discerning patients with suspected symptoms and signs, for timely isolation, for effectively blocking disease transmission during the early outbreak period before the pathogen has been identified, and for determining effective therapeutic methods; this strategy was used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 [2] . In the early outbreak period, the use of the sentinel surveillance strategy in fever clinics can provide benefits in terms of identifying patients with suspected symptoms, effectively blocking disease transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations. abstract: Sentinel surveillance system plays a key role in screening and monitoring emerging and acute infectious diseases in order to identify the suspected cases in time. During SARS period in 2003, fever clinics emerged in many cities in mainland China with the purpose to screen the suspected SARS patients and to transfer the confirmed cases to designated hospitals for professional management. Shanghai city has reserved the fever clinics and the designated hospitals since then. Hence, clinicians in the front line are able to respond quickly to the emerging COVID-19 outbreak with their accumulated knowledge and experiences from the past. One hundred seventeen fever clinics distributed in various district areas in Shanghai have played a vital ‘sentinel’ role to fight against the COVID-19 epidemic. Most of suspected patients were identified in fever clinics and thereafter among these suspected patients the COVID-19 cases were confirmed and were isolated quickly to avoid the spread. We would like to share the sentinel roadmap for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 to medical healthcare workers around the world, especially countries who are facing great challenges to cope with COVID-19 and meanwhile with limited medical resources. These sentinel surveillance strategies will certainly provide insight into the early detection and timely isolation of suspected cases from the others. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838815/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001892 id: cord-254967-r7c0pxep author: Lai, Xue-Li title: Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients date: 2020-05-04 words: 1669.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254967-r7c0pxep.txt summary: The novel coronavirus and the disease it caused were named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), respectively, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on published research on COVID-19 and previous clinical practices for similar coronavirus outbreaks(e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome), we aimed to make recommendations to manage patients undergoing PD. Before entering hospitals or outpatient facilities, the patients and any accompanying individuals should correctly wear masks, report their epidemiological history, and indicate whether they have symptoms of a respiratory infection. Triage to the fever clinic is necessary when patients experience respiratory symptoms or are suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Based on the current knowledge about the virus, clinicians should provide practical assistance to patients on PD for the prevention and control of infection. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095882X20300384?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.04.003 id: cord-319273-ok2p1h9f author: Lai, Yu-Ju title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the deduction effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in pregnancy date: 2020-08-17 words: 2688.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319273-ok2p1h9f.txt summary: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has transient overexpression and increased activity during pregnancy, which is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. The management strategy includes monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions; early oxygenation if O(2) saturation is less than 95%; empiric antibiotics for prevention of secondary infection; corticosteroid to treat maternal SARS-CoV-2 disease routinely is not suggested, only for fetal lung maturation in selected cases; and consideration of delivery is according to the obstetric indication, gestational age, and severity of the disease. 40 But a study indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, was highly expressed in maternal-fetal interface cells, suggesting the possibility of vertical transmission. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic disease worldwide. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continuing at a rapid speed. Till May 4, 2020, there have been 3,407,747 confirmed cases and 238,198 deaths globally. The common symptoms in pregnant women are fever, cough, and dyspnea. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has transient overexpression and increased activity during pregnancy, which is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. There is no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is no valid medication or vaccination. The immune suppression or modulation during pregnancy increases the risk of severe pneumonia. Remdesivir is an antiviral medication targeting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis that has clinical improvement in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Chloroquine is controversial in its effectiveness and safety to treat SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir is safe in pregnancy. Chloroquine has not been formally assigned to a pregnancy category by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The management strategy includes monitoring fetal heart rate and uterine contractions; early oxygenation if O(2) saturation is less than 95%; empiric antibiotics for prevention of secondary infection; corticosteroid to treat maternal SARS-CoV-2 disease routinely is not suggested, only for fetal lung maturation in selected cases; and consideration of delivery is according to the obstetric indication, gestational age, and severity of the disease. During epidemics, delivery at 32–34 weeks is considered. The indication for the Cesarean section should be flexible to minimize the risk of infection during the delivery. The newborn should be in isolation ward immediately after birth; breastfeeding is not contraindicated but should avoid direct transmission infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32902940/ doi: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000362 id: cord-287027-ahoo6j3o author: Lai, Yuan title: Unsupervised Learning for County-Level Typological Classification for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-08-30 words: 3462.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287027-ahoo6j3o.txt summary: The analysis of county-level COVID-19 pandemic data faces computational and analytic challenges, particularly when considering the heterogeneity of data sources with variation in geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors between counties. The purpose of this study is to summarize publicly available and relevant COVID-19 data sources, to address the benchmarking challenge from the data heterogeneity through clustering, and to classify counties J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f based on their underlying variations. Particularly at the county-level, previous studies have implemented clustering techniques to analyze various data sources relating J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f to demographic, geographic, environment, and socioeconomic determinants of health and disease. While previous findings reveal possible geographical clusters of COVID-19 cases at the county-level, our study indicates this is from the underlying typology based on high-dimensional variables. abstract: The analysis of county-level COVID-19 pandemic data faces computational and analytic challenges, particularly when considering the heterogeneity of data sources with variation in geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors between counties. This study presents a method to join relevant data from different sources to investigate underlying typological effects and disparities across typologies. Both consistencies within and variations between urban and non-urban counties are demonstrated. When different county types were stratified by age group distribution, this method identifies significant community mobility differences occurring before, during, and after the shutdown. Counties with a larger proportion of young adults (age 20-24) have higher baseline mobility and had the least mobility reduction during the lockdown. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmed.2020.100002 doi: 10.1016/j.ibmed.2020.100002 id: cord-343061-4ab7ycwp author: Lakhani, Ali title: Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application date: 2020-04-11 words: 672.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343061-4ab7ycwp.txt summary: title: Introducing the Percent, Number, Availability, and Capacity [PNAC] Spatial Approach to Identify Priority Rural Areas Requiring Targeted Health Support in Light of COVID‐19: A Commentary and Application The PNAC approach can be applied to support rural health service planners'' identification of priority This article is protected by copyright. Rural locations have distinct demographic and health service capacity issues requiring tailored approaches to service delivery. It is expected that future applications of the PNAC method could be of particular benefit to rural service planning in light of COVID-19, as the approach considers both the demographic distribution (for example age) and service capacity issues unique to rural areas. However, it is important that COVID-19 service planning decisions within regions identified via the PNAC method are culturally and contextually appropriate, and they are informed by stakeholders with lived-experience working within identified rural areas. Identifying Priority Rural Areas for COVID-19 Epidoros-V2: A spatial data matrix to inform rehabilitation health service provision. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277774/ doi: 10.1111/jrh.12436 id: cord-295223-5mlbup1i author: Lakhdar, Fayçal title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient’s management from an African neurosurgical center date: 2020-05-30 words: 1027.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295223-5mlbup1i.txt summary: title: Letter: Neurosurgery at war with the COVID-19 pandemic: patient''s management from an African neurosurgical center Altogether, the number of neurosurgical departments in the whole country was reduced and their activity was restricted to emergencies and critically ill patients. Academic neurosurgery departments have to manage, in addition to urgent and emergent neurosurgical cases, public health concerns regarding disease transmission, and the safety of department staff. For emergent and urgent cases, a COVID-19 swab was routinely carried out, and surgical operations were performed under strict precautions to minimize exposure to the virus. Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy The impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgeons and the strategy for triaging non-emergent operations: a global neurosurgery study Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04406-6 doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04406-6 id: cord-335733-u1g03s2y author: Lakshmanan, Hari Hara Sudhan title: Design of a Microfluidic Bleeding Chip to Evaluate Antithrombotic Agents for Use in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-06 words: 3488.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335733-u1g03s2y.txt summary: Since limited in vitro methods exist for assessing the effects of anticoagulants on hemostasis, the development of novel therapies to safely prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients relies on preclinical animal models and early phase human trials. METHODS: The design of the microfluidic device consists of two orthogonal channels: an inlet that serves as a model blood vessel, and a bleeding channel to model hemostatic plug formation at sites of compromised endothelial barrier function. RESULTS: Perfusion of human whole blood through the microfluidic bleeding chip led to initial platelet adhesion and aggregation at the pillars followed by hemostatic plug formation and occlusion of the bleeding channel. While the most clinically relevant conclusions regarding the safety of anticoagulants will ultimately be learned through clinical trials, in vitro models hold potential usefulness in revealing early safety and efficacy signals to guide future anticoagulant development of agents to prevent thrombosis in COV-ID-19 patients without compromising hemostasis. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Interventions that could prevent thrombosis, clinical decompensation, and respiratory compromise in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are key to decrease mortality rate. Studies show that profound cytokine release and excessive activation of blood coagulation appear to be key drivers of COVID-19 associated mortality. Since limited in vitro methods exist for assessing the effects of anticoagulants on hemostasis, the development of novel therapies to safely prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients relies on preclinical animal models and early phase human trials. Herein we present the design of a microfluidic “bleeding chip” to evaluate the effects of antithrombotic therapies on hemostatic plug formation in vitro. METHODS: The design of the microfluidic device consists of two orthogonal channels: an inlet that serves as a model blood vessel, and a bleeding channel to model hemostatic plug formation at sites of compromised endothelial barrier function. This is achieved by placing a series of 3 pillars spaced 10 μm apart at the intersection of the two channels. The pillars and bleeding channel are coated with the extracellular matrix protein collagen. RESULTS: Perfusion of human whole blood through the microfluidic bleeding chip led to initial platelet adhesion and aggregation at the pillars followed by hemostatic plug formation and occlusion of the bleeding channel. CONCLUSIONS: Safe and effective mitigating agents are needed for treatment and prevention of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients. This simple microfluidic device holds potential to be developed into a tool for assessing the effects of anticoagulant therapy on hemostasis. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-020-00644-x doi: 10.1007/s12195-020-00644-x id: cord-273262-1vqp188q author: Lal, Amos title: CT chest findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-04 words: 681.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273262-1vqp188q.txt summary: Although most of the radiological findings presented in these patients are generic and can be seen in many systemic infectious processes such as pneumonia (viral or bacterial), inflammatory conditions (inflammatory lung diseases, vasculitis) and cardiac etiologies affecting lung parenchyma such as decompensated congestive heart failure, early recognition and high index of suspicion is of paramount importance. 4, 7, 8 Even though the authors described this case as confirmed corona virus infection, they have omitted the important additional information about these patients such as underlying medical comorbidities, fluid status (volume overload), recent use of steroids and other concomitant infections (superadded pneumonia with corona virus infection). The readers would also benefit from the information about difference in clinical outcome of these patients with benign initial chest imaging that progressed to prolonged illness and/or further need for invasive mechanical ventilation versus the patients who present with early confluent radiological findings. First case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265095/ doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.010 id: cord-290458-5fwbh9t9 author: Lal, Preet title: The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment date: 2020-05-08 words: 3715.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290458-5fwbh9t9.txt summary: Rising global death tolls combined with the high infectivity of the virus, mild clinical symptoms, an uncertain incubation period, lack of pre-existing human immunity, and the possibility of asymptomatic healthy carriers (Bouey, 2020) led to the WHO declaring COVID-19 a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)" on 30 th January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020a) . Projected near-surface air temperature, and relative humidity (RH) datasets acquired from CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 and were used to estimate the possible impacts of COVID-19 on different countries under future meteorological conditions. The future projections of absolute humidity based on the CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 were used to deduce the possible contribution of meteorological conditions to COVID-19 spread following January-March 2020 variations in AH and Bukhari and Jameel, (2020) concepts of virus transmission at the different threshold of AH. abstract: Abstract The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has caused tremendous suffering and huge economic losses. We hypothesized that extreme measures of partial-to-total shutdown might have influenced the quality of the global environment because of decreased emissions of atmospheric pollutants. We tested this hypothesis using satellite imagery, climatic datasets (temperature, and absolute humidity), and COVID-19 cases available in the public domain. While the majority of the cases were recorded from Western countries, where mortality rates were strongly positively correlated with age, the number of cases in tropical regions was relatively lower than European and North American regions, possibly attributed to faster human-to-human transmission. There was a substantial reduction in the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 0.00002 mol m−2), a low reduction in CO (<0.03 mol m−2), and a low-to-moderate reduction in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD: ~0.1–0.2) in the major hotspots of COVID-19 outbreak during February–March 2020, which may be attributed to the mass lockdowns. Our study projects an increasing coverage of high COVID-19 hazard at absolute humidity levels ranging from 4 to 9 g m−3 across a large part of the globe during April–July 2020 due to a high prospective meteorological suitability for COVID-19 spread. Our findings suggest that there is ample scope for restoring the global environment from the ill-effects of anthropogenic activities through temporary shutdown measures. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S004896972032814X doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139297 id: cord-280978-rtl5ut70 author: Lal, Rattan title: Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 2737.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280978-rtl5ut70.txt summary: Home gardening can play an important role in advancing food and nutritional security during and after the COVD-19 pandemic, while also strengthening the provisioning of numerous ecosystem services (i.e., plant biodiversity, microclimate, water runoff, water quality, human health). The specific objective of this article is to describe: 1) properties of urban soils and their suitability for growing food, 2) home gardens and urban agriculture for food and nutritional security, 3) ecosystem services provisioned by HGUA, 4) soil management options to reduce risks of contamination of urban soils by heavy metals and other pollutants, and 5) the nexus thinking of waste and water management based on the concept of recycling nutrients and water for producing food, and advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (U.N. 2015) through HGUA. Home gardening and urban agriculture for advancing food and nutritional security in response to the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: Despite a 2.3% increase in world cereal production in 2019 over 2018, the number of people facing severe food insecurity may double from 135 million in January 2020 to 265 million by the end of 2020. The problem of food and nutritional insecurity is severe in urban centers, where the global population is projected to increase (%/year) by 1.84, 1.63, and 1.44 between 2015 to 2020, 2020 to 2025, and 2025 to 2030, and it will increase overall from 54% in 2016 to 60% by 2030. The number of megacities (>10 million people) will increase from 34 in 2015 to 41 by 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated food insecurity in urban centers because of the disruption in the food supply chain, aggravation of the physical and economic barriers that restrict access to food, and the catastrophic increase in food waste because of labor shortages. Thus, there is a need to adopt more resilient food systems, reduce food waste, and strengthen local food production. Enhancing availability at the household and community levels through home gardening and urban agriculture is an important strategy. Food production within the cities include small land farming in households, local community gardens, indoor and rooftop gardens, vertical farming, etc. Home gardening can play an important role in advancing food and nutritional security during and after the COVD-19 pandemic, while also strengthening the provisioning of numerous ecosystem services (i.e., plant biodiversity, microclimate, water runoff, water quality, human health). However, risks of soil contamination by heavy metals must be addressed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837634/ doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01058-3 id: cord-241146-j0qperwz author: Lallie, Harjinder Singh title: Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic date: 2020-06-21 words: 9934.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-241146-j0qperwz.txt summary: To increase likelihood of success, these attacks target sale of goods in high demand (e.g., Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and coronavirus testing kits and drugs), potentially highly profitable in-vestments in stocks related to COVID-19, and impersonations of representatives of public authorities like WHO and aid scams [6, 37] . Information presented in the timeline includes the date China alerted the WHO about the virus, the date the pandemic was officially declared, and cyber-attacks which specifically relate to hospitals or medicine. By early May (07-05-20), more than 160,000 ''suspect'' emails had been reported to the National Cyber Security Centre [103] and by the end of May (29-05-20), £4.6m had been lost to COVID-19 related scams with around 11,206 victims of phishing and / or smishing campaigns [104] . To further increase the likely success of phishing attacks cyber-criminals have been identified registering large numbers of website domains containing the words ''covid'' and ''coronavirus'' [112] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic was a remarkable unprecedented event which altered the lives of billions of citizens globally resulting in what became commonly referred to as the new-normal in terms of societal norms and the way we live and work. Aside from the extraordinary impact on society and business as a whole, the pandemic generated a set of unique cyber-crime related circumstances which also affected society and business. The increased anxiety caused by the pandemic heightened the likelihood of cyber-attacks succeeding corresponding with an increase in the number and range of cyber-attacks. This paper analyses the COVID-19 pandemic from a cyber-crime perspective and highlights the range of cyber-attacks experienced globally during the pandemic. Cyber-attacks are analysed and considered within the context of key global events to reveal the modus-operandi of cyber-attack campaigns. The analysis shows how following what appeared to be large gaps between the initial outbreak of the pandemic in China and the first COVID-19 related cyber-attack, attacks steadily became much more prevalent to the point that on some days, 3 or 4 unique cyber-attacks were being reported. The analysis proceeds to utilise the UK as a case study to demonstrate how cyber-criminals leveraged key events and governmental announcements to carefully craft and design cyber-crime campaigns. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11929v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-316705-3wzurnfp author: Lalmuanawma, Samuel title: Applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review date: 2020-06-25 words: 2939.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316705-3wzurnfp.txt summary: A new novel model, that forecast and predicting 1-3 to 6 days ahead of total Covid-19 patient of 10 Brazilian states, using stacking-ensemble with support vector regression algorithm on the cumulative positive Covid-19 cases of Brazilian data was proposed, thus augmenting the short-term forecasting process to alert the healthcare expert and the government to tackle the pandemic [38] . A Canadian based forecasting model using time-series was developed employing Deep learning algorithm for the long-short-term-memory network, the studies found out a key factor intended for predicting the course with an ending point estimation of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Canada and all over the globe [40] . Since the outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2, scientists and medical industries around the globe ubiquitously urged to fight against the pandemic, searching alternative method of rapid screening and prediction process, contact tracing, forecasting, and development of vaccine or drugs with the more accurate and reliable operation. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: : During the recent global urgency, scientists, clinicians, and healthcare experts around the globe keep on searching for a new technology to support in tackling the Covid-19 pandemic. The evidence of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) application on the previous epidemic encourage researchers by giving a new angle to fight against the novel Coronavirus outbreak. This paper aims to comprehensively review the role of AI and ML as one significant method in the arena of screening, predicting, forecasting, contact tracing, and drug development for SARS-CoV-2 and its related epidemic. METHOD: A selective assessment of information on the research article was executed on the databases related to the application of ML and AI technology on Covid-19. Rapid and critical analysis of the three crucial parameters, i.e., abstract, methodology, and the conclusion was done to relate to the model's possibilities for tackling the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. RESULT: This paper addresses on recent studies that apply ML and AI technology towards augmenting the researchers on multiple angles. It also addresses a few errors and challenges while using such algorithms in real-world problems. The paper also discusses suggestions conveying researchers on model design, medical experts, and policymakers in the current situation while tackling the Covid-19 pandemic and ahead. CONCLUSION: The ongoing development in AI and ML has significantly improved treatment, medication, screening, prediction, forecasting, contact tracing, and drug/vaccine development process for the Covid-19 pandemic and reduce the human intervention in medical practice. However, most of the models are not deployed enough to show their real-world operation, but they are still up to the mark to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920304562?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110059 id: cord-284925-vy2li9lz author: Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu title: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection date: 2020-04-29 words: 4717.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt summary: We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. Ophthalmologists are at risk of COVID-19 infection, since routine ophthalmic examinations are usually performed in a setting with close doctor-patient contact. We have also shared the precautions and strategies that we have implemented in our ophthalmic practice, based on our previous and current successful experiences in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the current COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong. For healthcare workers, surgical masks should be worn when performing sterile procedures, or as general protection against droplets infections. The close proximity of patients and doctors during eye examination, the presence of tears and liquids for anesthesia and dilation, or the potential aerosol or droplets from "air puff" tonometry, all pose a high risk for infective transmission. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was first reported in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and as of April 17, 2020, 210 countries are affected with >2,000,000 infected and 140,000 deaths. The estimated case fatality rate is around 6.7%. We need to step up our infection control measures immediately or else it may be too late to contain or control the spread of COVID-19. In case of local outbreaks, the risk of infection to healthcare workers and patients is high. Ophthalmic practice carries some unique risks and therefore high vigilance and special precautions are needed. We share our protocols and experiences in the prevention of infection in the current COVID-19 outbreak and the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Hong Kong. We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. COVID-19 is highly infectious and could be life-threatening. Using our protocol and measures, we have achieved zero infection in our ophthalmic practices in Hong Kong and China. Preventing spread of COVID-19 is possible and achievable. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/apo.0000000000000280 doi: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000280 id: cord-288485-m3g88fl2 author: Lam, Katherine W title: Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome date: 2020-07-23 words: 3717.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288485-m3g88fl2.txt summary: title: Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome BACKGROUND: This study investigated continued and discontinued use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) during hospitalization of 614 hypertensive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Because the widely used antihypertensive medications angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) may upregulate ACE2 receptors [7] [8] [9] , through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cells [10] , concerns have been raised as to whether their use may result in increased morbidity and mortality [4, [11] [12] [13] . The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of in-hospital continuation and discontinuation of ACEi/ARBs on the clinical outcomes of hypertensive COVID-19 patients, controlling for newly developed hypotension or AKI during hospitalization. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated continued and discontinued use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) during hospitalization of 614 hypertensive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory data, and ACEi/ARB usage were analyzed. To account for confounders, patients were substratified by whether they developed hypotension and acute kidney injury (AKI) during the index hospitalization. RESULTS: Mortality (22% vs 17%, P > .05) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (26% vs 12%, P > .05) rates were not significantly different between non-ACEi/ARB and ACEi/ARB groups. However, patients who continued ACEi/ARBs in the hospital had a markedly lower ICU admission rate (12% vs 26%; P = .001; odds ratio [OR] = 0.347; 95% confidence interval [CI], .187–.643) and mortality rate (6% vs 28%; P = .001; OR = 0.215; 95% CI, .101–.455) compared to patients who discontinued ACEi/ARB. The odds ratio for mortality remained significantly lower after accounting for development of hypotension or AKI. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that continued ACEi/ARB use in hypertensive COVID-19 patients yields better clinical outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa447 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa447 id: cord-342989-9ie8mx4l author: Lam, Simon Ching title: Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 4016.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342989-9ie8mx4l.txt summary: However, what remains largely absent from the literature to date, is an examination of actual pandemic situations and if perceived risk (vulnerability and fear of contracting) and mitigations (effectiveness of face masks and knowledge of COVID-19) are associated with mental health difficulties, such as depression, in physicians and nurses. Among the health beliefs, feeling susceptible and fearful of contracting COVID-19, as well as difficulty obtaining face masks are associated with higher risk of depression ( Table 4) . To our knowledge, we are the first group to report the mental health status, specifically depression, among a large sample of HCWs across both the pandemic and non-pandemic regions of China as well as Hong Kong and to examine the relevance of perceived risk and protection from infection in relation to depression. abstract: Psychological health among healthcare workers (HCWs) has become a major concern since the COVID-19 outbreak. HCWs perceived risks of contracting COVID-19, in relation to depression were investigated. It was hypothesized that perceived high risk of contracting COVID-19 (close contact with cases, inadequate provision of personal protective equipment, insufficient infection control training, and presence of symptoms) would be significant predictors of depression. Our cross-sectional survey was completed by HCWs across three regions (Hubei, Guangdong, Hong Kong) between March 9 to April 9 2020 using convenience sampling. Depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Prevalence of depression was 50.4% (95% CI: 44.5-56.2), 15.1% (10.1-21.9) and 12.9% (10.3-16.2) for HCWs in Hong Kong, Hubei and Guangdong, respectively. The strongest significant risk factors for depression, after adjustment, were HCWs who reported the greatest extent of feeling susceptible to contracting COVID-19 and those who reported the greatest difficulty obtaining face masks. HCWs whose family/peers greatly encouraged face mask use had lower prevalence of depression. Access to adequate supplies of personal protective equipment is essential for the psychological health of HCWs working in stressful environments, through potentially easing their perceptions of vulnerability to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00686 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00686 id: cord-355356-g7lvb8b4 author: Lamb, Yvette N. title: Remdesivir: First Approval date: 2020-09-01 words: 5025.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355356-g7lvb8b4.txt summary: Having demonstrated potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses in preclinical studies, remdesivir emerged as a candidate drug for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, during the current global pandemic. Based on preliminary results from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase III ACTT-1 trial (NCT04280705) in patients with COVID-19, remdesivir significantly reduced time to recovery relative to placebo (median 11 days vs 15 days; rate ratio for recovery 1.32; 95% CI 1.12-1.55; p < 0.001) [primary endpoint] [41] . Among pregnant women (n = 67) and postpartum women (n = 19) who received compassionate use remdesivir for severe COVID-19, rates of clinical improvement were 96% and 89%, respectively, at day 28 [45] . In paediatric patients (aged 0-17 years) with severe COVID-19 treated with compassionate use remdesivir (n = 77), the clinical improvement rate was 88% at day 28 [46] . abstract: The antiviral agent remdesivir (Veklury(®); Gilead Sciences), nucleotide analogue prodrug, has broad-spectrum activity against viruses from several families. Having demonstrated potent antiviral activity against coronaviruses in preclinical studies, remdesivir emerged as a candidate drug for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, during the current global pandemic. Phase III evaluation of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 commenced in early 2020 and has thus far yielded promising results. In late May 2020, Taiwan conditionally approved the use of remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19. This was followed by a rapid succession of conditional approvals in various countries/regions including the EU and Canada. Preceding these conditional approvals, an emergency use authorization for remdesivir had been granted in the USA (on 1 May 2020) and a special approval for emergency use was granted in Japan (on 7 May 2020). This article summarizes the milestones in the development of remdesivir leading to its first conditional approval for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32870481/ doi: 10.1007/s40265-020-01378-w id: cord-350618-rtilfnzi author: Lambelet, Valentine title: Sars‐CoV‐2 in the context of past coronaviruses epidemics: Consideration for prenatal care date: 2020-05-26 words: 7287.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350618-rtilfnzi.txt summary: College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), pregnant women with moderate symptoms should self-isolate, unless they attend a maternity unit where patients in the 2 nd or 3 rd trimester meeting PHE criteria ( ≥ 1 of: (1) Clinical/radiological evidence of pneumonia, (2) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), (3) Fever ≥37.8 and at least one of acute persistent cough, hoarseness, nasal discharge/congestion, shortness of breath, sore throat, wheezing or sneezing) should be tested for COVID-19 and treated as infected until results are available. Past coronavirus epidemics were associated with adverse outcomes for the fetus and/or newborns including miscarriages (57%), preterm birth, fetal distress and FGR with SARS-CoV-1 infection during the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters. In this review, we found that of 142 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnancy, 28% experienced preterm birth and 14% had adverse fetal/neonata l outcomes (FGR, fetal/neonatal demise, severe symptoms at birth). abstract: Since December 2019, the novel SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak has resulted in millions of cases and more than 200,000 deaths worldwide. The clinical course among non‐pregnant women has been described but data about potential risks for women and their fetus remain scarce. The SARS and MERS epidemics were responsible for miscarriages, adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes and maternal deaths. For COVID‐19 infection, only 9 cases of maternal death have been reported as of April 22, 2020 and pregnant women seem to develop the same clinical presentation as the general population. However, severe maternal cases, as well as prematurity, fetal distress and stillbirth among newborns have been reported. The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic greatly impacts prenatal management and surveillance and raise the need for clear unanimous guidelines. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about coronaviruses (SARS, MERS and SARS‐CoV‐2) risks and consequences on pregnancies and we summarize available current candidate therapeutic options for pregnant women. Finally, we compare current guidance proposed by RCOG, ACOG and the WHO to give an overview of prenatal management which should be utilized until future data appear. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32453451/ doi: 10.1002/pd.5759 id: cord-034814-flp6s0wd author: Lamsal, Rabindra title: Design and analysis of a large-scale COVID-19 tweets dataset date: 2020-11-06 words: 5515.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034814-flp6s0wd.txt summary: This paper presents COV19Tweets Dataset (Lamsal 2020a), a large-scale Twitter dataset with more than 310 million COVID-19 specific English language tweets and their sentiment scores. The amount of data can range from hundreds This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Artificial Intelligence Applications for COVID-19, Detection, Control, Prediction, and Diagnosis Rabindra Lamsal rabindralamsal@outlook.com 1 be (i) trimmed [38] or summarized [36, 40, 41, 50] and sent to the relevant department for further analysis, (ii) used for sketching alert-level heat maps based on the location information contained within the tweet metadata or the tweet body. A study [1] analyzed 2.8 million COVID-19 specific tweets collected between February 2, 2020, and March 15, 2020, using frequencies of unigrams and bigrams, and performed sentiment analysis and topic modeling to identify Twitter users'' interaction rate per topic. Multiple studies have performed social network analysis on Twitter data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: As of July 17, 2020, more than thirteen million people have been diagnosed with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), and half a million people have already lost their lives due to this infectious disease. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since then, social media platforms have experienced an exponential rise in the content related to the pandemic. In the past, Twitter data have been observed to be indispensable in the extraction of situational awareness information relating to any crisis. This paper presents COV19Tweets Dataset (Lamsal 2020a), a large-scale Twitter dataset with more than 310 million COVID-19 specific English language tweets and their sentiment scores. The dataset’s geo version, the GeoCOV19Tweets Dataset (Lamsal 2020b), is also presented. The paper discusses the datasets’ design in detail, and the tweets in both the datasets are analyzed. The datasets are released publicly, anticipating that they would contribute to a better understanding of spatial and temporal dimensions of the public discourse related to the ongoing pandemic. As per the stats, the datasets (Lamsal 2020a, 2020b) have been accessed over 74.5k times, collectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7646503/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-02029-z id: cord-280554-9jp85yzz author: Lamure, Sylvain title: Determinants of outcome in Covid-19 hospitalized patients with lymphoma: A retrospective multicentric cohort study date: 2020-10-13 words: 4536.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280554-9jp85yzz.txt summary: The data obtained concerning lymphoma history included the date of diagnosis, pathological classification according to the WHO classification for lymphoid neoplasms [19] , number of treatment lines, past autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, detailed bendamustine and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody use (date of first and last administration), and lymphoma status at admission for Covid-19 (complete or partial remission, diagnosed at admission, under first or second line treatment, in watch and wait follow-up, or refractory/ relapsed). Covariates considered in this analysis were age ( 70 years versus below), gender, BMI ( 30 kg/m 2 versus below), smoking status, presence of comorbidities (overall or hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, or past history of cancer) and ongoing antihypertensive treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB), main lymphoma subtypes (Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), or T-cell NHL), recent administration of corticosteroids (within one month), use of bendamustine (within one year), or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (within one year), time between diagnosis of lymphoma and hospitalization for Covid-19 (< 2 years versus 2 years), past history of autologous stem cell transplant, and lymphoma status (refractory/relapsed versus others). abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with lymphoma are immunocompromised because of the disease per se and its treatments. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with lymphoma hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and to analyze pre-Covid-19 determinants of mortality. METHODS: This retrospective multicentric cohort study used the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information database to identify all adult patients with lymphoma, hospitalized for Covid-19 in March and April 2020, in 12 hospitals of three French regions with pandemic outbreaks. The characteristics of lymphoma and Covid-19 were collected from medical charts. FINDINGS: Eighty-nine patients were included. The median age was 67 years (range, 19–92), 66% were male and 72% had a comorbidity. Most patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (86%) and had received a lymphoma treatment within one year (70%). With a median follow-up of 33 days from admission, 30-day overall survival was 71%, (95% confidence interval, 62–81%). In multivariable analysis, having an age ≥ 70 years (hazard ratio 2·87, 1·20–6·85, p = 0·02) and relapsed/refractory lymphoma (hazard ratio 2·54, 1·14–5·66, p = 0·02) were associated with mortality. Recent bendamustine treatment (n = 9) was also pejorative (hazard ratio 3·20, 1·33–7·72, p = 0·01), but was strongly associated with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Remarkably, 30-day overall survival for patients < 70 years of age without relapsed/refractory lymphoma was 88% (78% - 99%). INTERPRETATION: Thirty-day mortality was associated with being older and relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Survival of patients younger than 70 years without relapsed/refractory lymphoma was comparable to that of the general population. FUNDING: There have been no specific funds to run this study. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589537020302935 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100549 id: cord-267782-4pjfnund author: Lan, Fan-Yun title: Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA date: 2020-10-30 words: 5048.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267782-4pjfnund.txt summary: Therefore, we conducted this study aiming to investigate: 1) SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, transmission and exposure risks among grocery retail employees, 2) their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and perception on COVID-19 and 3) their mental health state during the COVID-19 pandemic. ► This is the first study to demonstrate the significant asymptomatic infection rate, exposure risks and associated psychological distress of grocery retail essential workers during the pandemic, which supports the policy recommendations that employers and government officials should take actions on implementing preventive strategies and administrative arrangements, such as methods to reduce interpersonal contact, repeat and routine SARS-CoV-2 employee testing, to ensure the health and safety of essential workers. 13 14 In fact, a pioneering study conducted in the Table 3 Characteristics of retail essential employees in a single grocery store in Massachusetts, USA presented for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, RT-PCR assay testing by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) screening score for depression These are in contrast to positions mainly dealing with consumer goods or the environment, such as stocker, backroom, receiving and maintenance. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) infection and exposure risks among grocery retail workers, and to investigate their mental health state during the pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020 in a single grocery retail store in Massachusetts, USA. We assessed workers’ personal/occupational history and perception of COVID-19 by questionnaire. The health outcomes were measured by nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) results, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: Among 104 workers tested, 21 (20%) had positive viral assays. Seventy-six per cent positive cases were asymptomatic. Employees with direct customer exposure had an odds of 5.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 24.8) being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after adjustments. As to mental health, the prevalence of anxiety and depression (ie, GAD-7 score >4 or PHQ-9 score >4) was 24% and 8%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had odds of 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.99) screening positive for anxiety and depression, respectively. Workers commuting by foot, bike or private cars were less likely to screen positive for depression (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: In this single store sample, we found a considerable asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among grocery workers. Employees with direct customer exposure were five times more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had significantly lower risk of anxiety or depression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33127659/ doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106774 id: cord-339579-4n43at58 author: Lan, Lan title: Early CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Asymptomatic Children: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-04-22 words: 2229.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339579-4n43at58.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The current study reported a case series to illustrate the early computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients. CONCLUSION: Small patches of ground-glass opacity with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings on CT scans of pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease. According to previous studies (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) , bilateral and peripheral predominant groundglass opacity (GGO) or mixed GGO and consolidation with signs such as crazy paving, air bronchogram, and interstitial thickening were common findings in adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CT = computed tomography, GGO = ground glass opacity, RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction kjronline.org was not observed, although they were common findings in most adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3, 17) . Regarding CT features, small patches of GGO with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings in pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study reported a case series to illustrate the early computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All pediatric patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and who underwent CT scan in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20, 2020 to February 28, 2020 were included in the current study. Data on clinical and CT features were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Four children were included in the current study. All of them were asymptomatic throughout the disease course (ranging from 7 days to 15 days), and none of them showed abnormalities in blood cell counts. Familial cluster was the main transmission pattern. Thin-section CT revealed abnormalities in three patients, and one patient did not present with any abnormal CT findings. Unilateral lung involvement was observed in two patients, and one patient showed bilateral lung involvement. In total, five small lesions were identified, including ground-glass opacity (n = 4) and consolidation (n = 1). All lesions had ill-defined margins with peripheral distribution and predilection of lower lobe. CONCLUSION: Small patches of ground-glass opacity with subpleural distribution and unilateral lung involvement were common findings on CT scans of pediatric patients in the early stage of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524792/ doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0231 id: cord-296725-ecy0rie9 author: Landau, Ruth title: Lessons Learned From First COVID-19 Cases in the United States date: 2020-04-20 words: 670.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296725-ecy0rie9.txt summary: The simultaneous surge of cases compounded by a critical shortage of protective personnel equipment (PPE), including N95 masks and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to avoid contaminating anesthesia machines, has added to the challenge that anesthesiologists are facing today on labor and delivery units across the United States. Current recommendations include airborne protection for all aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia. As per current recommendations, for this patient who was neither tested nor symptomatic for COVID-19, the anesthesia team did not use any PPE (besides surgical masks and gloves) nor was a HEPA filter placed between the endotracheal tube and the anesthesia machine. Our case emphasizes that in labor and delivery units managing parturients from communities with a high prevalence of COVID-19 infection, in the absence of universal testing before cesarean delivery, all patients, even those initially asymptomatic on admission, should be treated as PUI when inducing general anesthesia. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004840 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004840 id: cord-355897-9wqrl744 author: Landi, Antonio title: The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted date: 2020-06-05 words: 748.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355897-9wqrl744.txt summary: The mortality rate of patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is nowadays up to 30%, requiring a careful assessment of thrombotic and bleeding risk in order to set a real fit-tailored treatment. Recently, several observational studies investigated the prevalence of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU (Table 1) . Klok and colleagues analyzed 184 critically ill ICU patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, a selected population at high risk of thrombotic complications [1] . A multicenter French study of 150 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU found a prevalence of thrombosis of 43%, despite prophylactic or therapeutic heparin treatment [3] . Baseline characteristics, heparin treatment and thrombotic complications of studies investigating the prevalence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 are summarized in Table 1 [2] [3] [4] . Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504198/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02393-1 id: cord-339460-7hzlyn79 author: Landsness, Eric C. title: Pivoting Research to COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 words: 997.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339460-7hzlyn79.txt summary: 3 First Steps to Pivoting your Research to When discussing their transition to a new field, both panelists felt that critically appraising their own skill set, reflecting on their clinical/scientific observations, and asking, "How does my expertise apply to COVID-19?" were key steps in identifying how best to pivot their research. 6 Dr Justin McArthur joined the panelists in noting that the high number of patients being infected and the known increased recovery time for patients suffering neurological deficits will likely lead to a significant need for studying and caring for patients with COVID-19 with neurological sequela. Funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and private foundations have quickly introduced COVID-19-related funding opportunities. As COVID-19 research enterprises are developed, engaging these under-represented and over-burdened communities will be a high priority. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32418350/ doi: 10.1002/ana.25784 id: cord-331230-mp7sdh73 author: Landy, David C. title: Public Interest in Knee Replacement Fell During the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Google Trends Analysis date: 2020-09-15 words: 2881.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331230-mp7sdh73.txt summary: authors: Landy, David C.; Chalmers, Brian P.; Utset-Ward, Thomas J.; Ast, Michael P. CONCLUSION: Public interest in knee replacement, assessed through internet search queries, decreased during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent patient survey found demand for knee replacement could be high when elective surgery resumes, though historical data suggests this could be tempered by other factors [10, 18] . This study sought to characterize public interest in knee replacement at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing search engine query data. Our findings are consistent, with both studies reporting a sharp decline in internet searches for "knee replacement" in March 2020, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. While prior studies have utilized search engine query data to quantify and track public interest, internet searches may not accurately reflect the interests of specific subgroups such as patients considering knee replacement. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered medical practice and public behavior in the USA. In spring of 2020, elective surgery including most joint replacement was suspended and much of the public asked to stay at home. As elective surgery resumes, it is unknown how the public will respond. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We sought to describe public interest in knee replacement during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Google Trends was used to obtain the daily number of searches for “knee replacement,” “coronavirus,” and “knee pain” from December 19, 2019, to May 14, 2020. The number is on a term-specific scale weighted to the highest number of daily searches for that term. Seven-day weighted averages were used to smooth the data. RESULTS: The number of daily searches for “knee replacement” was stable until around March 8, 2020, after which it decreased through late March, plateauing at less than half the number of searches. At the same time, searches for “coronavirus” spiked. By early May, searches for “knee replacement” had not meaningfully increased, though at the end of the search period the slope turned positive and coronavirus searches decreased. Searches for “knee pain” initially followed a similar pattern to “knee replacement,” though the decline was not as steep, and by late April searches for “knee pain” had meaningfully increased. CONCLUSION: Public interest in knee replacement, assessed through internet search queries, decreased during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While interest in pain has returned, the continued decreased level of interest in surgery may represent a fear of surgery among the general public in the setting of COVID-19. Surgeons may wish to focus outreach and education efforts on the safety and efficacy of knee replacement. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11420-020-09794-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-020-09794-0 doi: 10.1007/s11420-020-09794-0 id: cord-342746-2hbcbvt6 author: Lane, J. C. E. title: Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study date: 2020-04-10 words: 6744.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt summary: 14-20 Early results from randomised controlled trials conducted in China have shown reduced severity and course of the disease with hydroxychloroquine HCQ, compared with placebo, without detecting serious adverse effects, although others have suggested no difference in outcome from conventional treatment. First, new user cohort studies were used to estimate the safety of HCQ compared to sulfasalazine (SSZ), and to assess the risks associated with the addition of AZM compared to amoxicillin (AMX) amongst users of HCQ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 doi: medRxiv preprint Database-specific counts, incidence rates (IR) of all study outcomes stratified by drug use are detailed in full in Supplementary Table S7 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 doi: medRxiv preprint Consistent findings were seen with the long-term (on treatment) use of HCQ vs SSZ (Figure 3) , with the exception of cardiovascular mortality, which appeared inconsistent in the available databases, but overall increased in the HCQ group when meta-analysed: pooled CalHR 1.65 (1.12-2.44). abstract: Background: Hydroxychloroquine has recently received Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA and is currently prescribed in combination with azithromycin for COVID-19 pneumonia. We studied the safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin. Methods: New user cohort studies were conducted including 16 severe adverse events (SAEs). Rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 18+ and initiating hydroxychloroquine were compared to those initiating sulfasalazine and followed up over 30 days. Self-controlled case series (SCCS) were conducted to further establish safety in wider populations. Separately, SAEs associated with hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin (compared to hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin) were studied. Data comprised 14 sources of claims data or electronic medical records from Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, UK, and USA. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate calibrated hazard ratios (CalHRs) according to drug use. Estimates were pooled where I2<40%. Results: Overall, 956,374 and 310,350 users of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine, and 323,122 and 351,956 users of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin were included. No excess risk of SAEs was identified when 30-day hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were compared. SCCS confirmed these findings. However, when azithromycin was added to hydroxychloroquine, we observed an increased risk of 30-day cardiovascular mortality (CalHR2.19 [1.22-3.94]), chest pain/angina (CalHR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05-1.26]), and heart failure (CalHR 1.22 [95% CI 1.02-1.45]) Conclusions: Short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment is safe, but addition of azithromycin may induce heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, potentially due to synergistic effects on QT length. We call for caution if such combination is to be used in the management of Covid-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.08.20054551v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20054551 id: cord-345267-u24g6607 author: Lang, Frederick M. title: GM-CSF-based treatments in COVID-19: reconciling opposing therapeutic approaches date: 2020-06-23 words: 6013.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345267-u24g6607.txt summary: GM-CSF has been shown to be upregulated either systemically and/or in the diseased tissues of patients with autoimmune conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis) 2,26 as well as in conditions that show similarities to late-stage COVID-19, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 27 , acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 28 , cytokine release syndrome (CRS) 29 , haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 30 , hyperinflammation associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) 31 and other inflammatory diseases of the lung 32 , heart 33-35 and nervous system 21, 23, 36, 37 . It has become increasingly well appreciated that the characteristic hyperactive immune response driving COVID-19 progression consists of a ''cytokine storm'' , overwhelming infiltration of inflammatory myeloid cells into the lungs (particularly monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils), and even a disease phenotype resembling secondary HLH (often referred to as ''macrophage activation syndrome'') 25, [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] . abstract: Therapeutics against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a myelopoietic growth factor and pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in alveolar macrophage homeostasis, lung inflammation and immunological disease. Both administration and inhibition of GM-CSF are currently being therapeutically tested in COVID-19 clinical trials. This Perspective discusses the pleiotropic biology of GM-CSF and the scientific merits behind these contrasting approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0357-7 doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0357-7 id: cord-314174-7axpgwva author: Lang, Min title: Operational challenges of a low-dose CT lung cancer screening program during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-26 words: 648.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314174-7axpgwva.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had tremendous impact on healthcare 5 systems, requiring diversion of resources to focus on the immediate needs of critically ill patients 6 while postponing "non-essential" services, including lung cancer screening (LCS) low dose CT 7 (LDCT). 7 The purpose of our study was to assess 13 how LCS LDCT volume was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Average weekly non-LCS chest CT volume decreased by 29% from the pre-COVID peak period 13 to the COVID peak period and recovered to 92% of pre-COVID peak levels during the post-14 COVID peak period (Figure 2A) . An average 10.8% of the weekly overall chest CT volume were LCS studies during 18 the pre-COVID-peak period compared to 3.6% during the COVID peak period, which recovered 19 to 8.1% by the end of July (week 29; Figure 2B ). Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer 14 Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220350959 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.045 id: cord-331541-u0xm9a89 author: Lankes, Heather A title: Biospecimen Collection During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Biobanking date: 2020-09-25 words: 3580.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331541-u0xm9a89.txt summary: METHODS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interim biosafety guidelines continue to be updated. Additional CDC SARS guidance recommended that laboratory personnel have a baseline serum sample collected prior to working with SARS-CoV biospecimens and stored for future reference. Testing of banked biospecimens collected in late 2019 may help define asymptomatic (or mildly symptomatic) circulation of SARS-CoV-2 prior to the presentation of severe cases in December; however, until a more accurate date is defined, use of October 1, 2019, as the start of the pandemic window is reasonable. Per CDC and WHO SARS-CoV-2 interim biosafety guidance 48, 49 and reported COVID-19 experience, 57 biobanks handling pandemic window biospecimens must: SARS-CoV-2 is the highly transmittable respiratory virus that causes COVID-19, a disease hallmarked by asymptomatic infection in some, and severe symptoms, including death, in others. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Millions of biospecimens will be collected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As learned from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), proper biospecimen handling is necessary to prevent laboratory-related infections. METHODS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interim biosafety guidelines continue to be updated. Presented here are additional considerations intended to complement the interim guidance. These considerations draw on prior SARS recommendations and recent COVID-19 reports. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA has been detected in various biospecimen types; however, studies are needed to determine whether viral load indicates viable virus. Throughout the pandemic, biospecimens will be collected for various purposes from COVID-19 known and suspected cases, as well as presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Current data suggest the pandemic start may be as early as October 2019; thus, all biospecimens collected since could be considered potentially infectious. CONCLUSIONS: All entities handling these biospecimens should do risk assessments in accordance with institutional policies and adhere to any guidance provided. The scientific community has a responsibility to safely handle and maintain all biospecimens collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Soon, it will be imperative to convene expert working groups to address the current and long-term storage and use of these biospecimens. Ideally, worldwide guidelines will be established to protect the personnel handling these biospecimens and communities at large. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974640/ doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa171 id: cord-314884-110nqkej author: Lansiaux, Édouard title: Covid-19 And Vit-D: Disease Mortality Negatively Correlates With Sunlight Exposure date: 2020-07-23 words: 1552.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314884-110nqkej.txt summary: In the current study, we applied a Pearson correlation test to public health as well as weather data, in order to assess the linear relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and the sunlight exposure. In the current study, we applied a Pearson correlation test to public health as well as weather data, in order to assess the linear relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and the sunlight exposure. For instance in continental metropolitan France, average annual sunlight hours are significantly (for a p-value of 1.532x10 -32 ) correlated to the COVID-19 mortality rate, with a Pearson coefficient of -0.636. Specifically in the context of continental metropolitan France, the correlation between sunlight exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection will be studied in this article, by using an adjusted Pearson test applied to public health and weather data [13] [14] [15] . abstract: The novel COVID-19 disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2. Alike with other coronaviruses, some studies show a COVID-19 neurotropism, inducing de-myelination lesions as encountered in Guillain-Barré syndrome. In particular, an Italian report concluded that there is a significant vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 infected patients. In the current study, we applied a Pearson correlation test to public health as well as weather data, in order to assess the linear relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and the sunlight exposure. For instance in continental metropolitan France, average annual sunlight hours are significantly (for a p-value of 1.532 × 10(−32)) correlated to the COVID-19 mortality rate, with a Pearson coefficient of -0.636. This correlation hints at a protective effect of sunlight exposure against COVID-19 mortality. This paper is proposed to foster academic discussion and its hypotheses and conclusions need to be confirmed by further research. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187758452030040X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2020.100362 id: cord-293285-w8c3ma8l author: Lanza, F title: Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients date: 2020-05-14 words: 1503.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293285-w8c3ma8l.txt summary: title: Reflection on passive immunotherapy in those who need most: some novel strategic arguments for obtaining safer therapeutic plasma or autologous antibodies from recovered COVID ‐19 infected patients In this mini-report we propose three potential additional options as the source of such autologous Ab and provide some operational arguments, on evidence based to support implementation such strategic approaches urgently for those in need to save lives: a] the use of hyperimmune immunoglobulin concentrates, which derives from plasma of physiologically immunized donors. However, in western countries the use of convalescent plasma and related strategies may become a reality provided that our hospitals will recommend obtaining an informed consent from recovered COVID-infected patients in order to collect and store their FFP and their derived bioproducts. Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease for transfusion, as an empirical treatment during outbreaks abstract: COVID‐19 pandemic is an emerging new human disease, where no vaccines, or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or drugs are currently available for therapy. Active vaccination requires the induction of an immune response against a given agent to a susceptible individual for the purpose of preventing or treating an infectious disease and this usually takes time to develop. Thus, the use of existing autologous Ab administration, obtainable from recovered COVID 19 patients, after 2 weeks recovery, is the best and the most practical strategy for providing immediate passive immunity to susceptible recipients in need. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407543/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16814 id: cord-290836-jldfrec9 author: Laosa, Olga title: Rapid assessment at hospital admission of mortality risk from COVID-19: the role of functional status date: 2020-10-08 words: 1857.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290836-jldfrec9.txt summary: Objective To evaluate the role of functional status along with other used clinical factors on the occurrence of death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Estimated model coefficients served to calculate the expected probability of death for a selected combination of five variables: Barthel, sex, age, comorbidities and severity index (qSOFA). Evidence is even smaller regarding the joint 47 Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in patients hospitalized with COVID50 19, the role of limitations in activities of daily living along with other habitual clinical 51 factors on death during hospitalization, building a predictive model. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study abstract: Objective To evaluate the role of functional status along with other used clinical factors on the occurrence of death in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Design Prospective Cohort study Setting Public University Hospital (Madrid) Participants and methods 375 consecutive patients with COVID-19 infection, admitted to a Public University Hospital (Madrid) between March 1 and March 31, 2020, were included in the Prospective Cohort study. Death was the main outcome. The main variable was disability in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessed with the Barthel index. Covariates included sex, age, severity index (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, qSOFA), polypharmacy (>5 drugs in the month before admission), and comorbidity (≥3 diseases). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for adverse outcomes. Estimated model coefficients served to calculate the expected probability of death for a selected combination of five variables: Barthel, sex, age, comorbidities and severity index (qSOFA). Results Mean age was 66 years (SD 15.33), 207 (55%) males. 74 patients died (19.8%). Mortality was associated to low Barthel index (OR per 5-point decrease 1.11; 95CI 1.03-1.20), male sex (0.23, 0.11-0.47), age (1.07, 1.03-1.10) and comorbidity (2.15; 1.08-4.30) but not to qSOFA (1.29, 0.87-1.93) or polypharmacy (1.54; 0.77-3.08). Calculated mortality risk ranged from 0 to 0.78. Conclusions and implications Functional status predicts death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Combination of five variables allows to predict individual probability of death. These findings provide useful information for the decision-making process and management of patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020308471?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.002 id: cord-325599-2gutb4m1 author: Lapidus, Nathanael title: Biased and unbiased estimation of the average length of stay in intensive care units in the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 words: 4399.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325599-2gutb4m1.txt summary: METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). In this study, we present a detailed examination of the timeline of the whole cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a devoted ICU of the Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University (ZHWU) in which we investigated the evolution of the ALOS estimation according to the accumulation of the cases, using two methods of estimation. The study also recalls that appropriate methods of estimation require the inclusion of censored cases in the analysis, and we also demonstrate the important bias associated with calculations only based on the stays of already discharged patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The average length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU_ALOS) is a helpful parameter summarizing critical bed occupancy. During the outbreak of a novel virus, estimating early a reliable ICU_ALOS estimate of infected patients is critical to accurately parameterize models examining mitigation and preparedness scenarios. METHODS: Two estimation methods of ICU_ALOS were compared: the average LOS of already discharged patients at the date of estimation (DPE), and a standard parametric method used for analyzing time-to-event data which fits a given distribution to observed data and includes the censored stays of patients still treated in the ICU at the date of estimation (CPE). Methods were compared on a series of all COVID-19 consecutive cases (n = 59) admitted in an ICU devoted to such patients. At the last follow-up date, 99 days after the first admission, all patients but one had been discharged. A simulation study investigated the generalizability of the methods' patterns. CPE and DPE estimates were also compared to COVID-19 estimates reported to date. RESULTS: LOS ≥ 30 days concerned 14 out of the 59 patients (24%), including 8 of the 21 deaths observed. Two months after the first admission, 38 (64%) patients had been discharged, with corresponding DPE and CPE estimates of ICU_ALOS (95% CI) at 13.0 days (10.4–15.6) and 23.1 days (18.1–29.7), respectively. Series' true ICU_ALOS was greater than 21 days, well above reported estimates to date. CONCLUSIONS: Discharges of short stays are more likely observed earlier during the course of an outbreak. Cautious unbiased ICU_ALOS estimates suggest parameterizing a higher burden of ICU bed occupancy than that adopted to date in COVID-19 forecasting models. FUNDING: Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81900097 to Dr. Zhou) and the Emergency Response Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department (2020FCA023 to Pr. Zhao). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063241/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00749-6 id: cord-315321-kax4gqhc author: Laplana, M. title: Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients date: 2020-09-09 words: 2267.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315321-kax4gqhc.txt summary: title: Lack of protective effect of chloroquine derivatives on COVID-19 disease in a Spanish sample of chronically treated patients Conclusion: We did not find differences of reported COVID-19 cases between treated and untreated groups, indicating a lack of protection by regular administration of chloroquine and its derivative drugs on COVID-19 infection. Thus, our study aims to test this hypothesis by evaluating the incidence 67 of COVID-19 disease in the population according to chloroquine treatment subgroups through a 68 survey. [11] 135 Discussion 136 Our results show no differences in COVID-19 prevalence among untreated and chronically treated 137 individuals with chloroquine or derivative drugs. 139 We must note that we found a clear association between the COVID-19 disease prevalence and 140 exposure to a close family member or flatmate positive for COVID-19 in both, treated and untreated 141 subjects, that points to a lack of any protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection attributable to 142 chronic treatment with chloroquine or derivative drugs. abstract: Background: The search for a SARS-CoV-2 treatment has emerged as a worldwide priority. We evaluated the role of chloroquine and its derivatives in COVID-19 in Spanish individuals. Methods: We performed a survey addressed to patients regularly taking chloroquine and its derivatives for the control of their autoimmune diseases. The survey was distributed with special attention to Spanish patient associations centred on autoimmune diseases and rheumatology and to the general population. A sample of untreated subjects was matched to the treated group according to sex, age range and incidence region. COVID-19 disease prevalence was compared between treated and untreated-matched control sample. Results: A total of 319 surveys of patients regularly taking chloroquine and its derivatives were recovered for further analysis. The prevalence of declared COVID-19 status in the treated group was 5.3% and the mean prevalence among the untreated-matched groups was 3.4%. A community exposition to COVID-19 was associated with a greater prevalence of COVID-19 in both, treated (17.0% vs. 3.2%; p-value<0.001) and untreated groups (13.4% vs. 1.1%; p-value=0.027). Conclusion: We did not find differences of reported COVID-19 cases between treated and untreated groups, indicating a lack of protection by regular administration of chloroquine and its derivative drugs on COVID-19 infection. Of relevance, data indicates that patients that regularly take chloroquine derivatives are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and must take the same protection measures as the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20158121 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.03.20158121 id: cord-253998-1jegybs9 author: Lara, Pedro C title: Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Recommendation of the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group date: 2020-05-09 words: 2773.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253998-1jegybs9.txt summary: title: Whole-lung Low Dose Irradiation for SARS-Cov2 Induced Pneumonia in the Geriatric Population: An Old Effective Treatment for a New Disease? Although most infected individuals experienced mild or no respiratory symptoms, in older patients (65year-old) or older with underlying co-morbidity, COVID 19 may induce severe lung inflammation leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death despite artificial ventilation. In addition TPE was also effective in the treatment of interstitial pneumonitis in patients suffering the complications of lupus erythematosus (LE), an autoimmune disease [16] [17] [18] Taking together, any effective therapeutic intervention needs to break this vicious cycle of cytokines storm either through their modulating effect on macrophages function, and/or inflammatory cytokines [19] Pharmacology intervention to reduce COVID-19 induced cytokines storm Although controversial, many clinical trials are currently conducted to assess the efficacy of many drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 induced ARDS. abstract: A cytokine storm induced by SARS-Cov2 may produce pneumonitis which may be fatal for older patients with underlying lung disease. Hyper-elevation of Interleukin1 (IL-1), Tumor necrosis factor-1alfa (TNF-1 alfa), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by inflammatory macrophage M1 may damage the lung alveoli leading to severe pneumonitis, decreased oxygenation, and potential death despite artificial ventilation. Older patients may not be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical intervention targeting IL-1/6 blockade or artificial ventilation. Low dose total lung (LDTL) irradiation at a single dose of 50 cGy may stop this cytokine cascade, thus preventing, and/or reversing normal organs damage. This therapy has been proven in the past to be effective against pneumonitis of diverse etiology and could be used to prevent death of older infected patients. Thus, LDRT radiotherapy may be a cost-effective treatment for this frail patient population whom radiation -induced malignancy is not a concern because of their advanced age. This hypothesis should be tested in future prospective trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489696/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0506 id: cord-310144-s25do8cb author: Lara-Reyna, Jacques title: “Staying Home” - Early Changes in Patterns of Neurotrauma in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: 3836.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310144-s25do8cb.txt summary: In an attempt to slow the progression of COVID-19 pandemic, New York state and city governments enacted strict social distancing policies starting on March 12th, which included a progressive restriction and cancellation of non-fundamental activities, like the closure of schools, restaurants, bars, and business; as well as the cancellation of all elective surgical procedures. To assess these possible changes, we reviewed all neurotrauma admissions to our trauma center during the early COVID-19 period, and assessed changes in frequency, demographics, and mechanisms, in order to highlight any changes due to social distancing policies. 8 During this time period, we observed a decrease in the frequency of neurotrauma at the early phase after the strict limitation of non-essential activities in the city, compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Interestingly, transit-related neurotrauma, as well as TBIs related to violence (direct head trauma with an object) increased in frequency in the COVID-19 period showing significant difference. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective New York City is the epicenter of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Traumatic brain injury accounts for a significant proportion of admissions to our trauma center. We sought to characterize the effect of the pandemic on neurotraumas, given the cancellation of non-essential activities during the crisis. Methods Retrospective and prospective review were performed from November 2019 to April 2020. General demographics, clinical status, mechanism of trauma, diagnosis, and treatment instituted were recorded. We dichotomized the data between pre-COVID-19 (before March 1st) and COVID-19 periods and compared the differences between the two groups. We present the timeline of events since the beginning of crisis in relation to the number of neurotraumas. Results A total of 150 patients composed our cohort with a mean age of 66.2 years (SD+/-: 18.9), and 66% male. More males sustained neurotrauma in the COVID-19 period compared with the pre-COVID-19 (60.4% vs 77.6%, p=0.03). The most common mechanism of trauma was mechanical fall, but it was observed less frequently compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (61.4% vs 40.8; p=0.03). Subdural hematoma, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral contusion accounted for the most common pathologies in both periods. Non-operative management was selected for most patients (79.2 vs 87.8%, p= 0.201) in both periods. Conclusions A decrease in the frequency of neurotraumas was observed during the COVID-19 crisis concomitant with the increase in COVID-19 patients in the city. This trend began after the cancellation of non-essential activities and the implementation of social distancing recommendations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.155 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.155 id: cord-354993-gdz63spj author: Larcher, Victor title: Children of COVID-19: pawns, pathfinders or partners? date: 2020-06-05 words: 1954.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354993-gdz63spj.txt summary: 1 Covid-19 infection has been comparatively benign in children, but there is mounting evidence that their health and welfare have been aversely affected by social measures to control the pandemic. Ethical guidance so far issued makes no specific provision or concession for children-or indeed any vulnerable group, or those with instrumental value to society, 3 but is founded on the principle of equal concern and respect. 8 This Convention would apply to children''s involvement in the recovery from lockdown, for example, return to school, even if a consequence was of significant concomitant benefit to adults such as the ability of parents to return to work, improvement of family social circumstances and mental health. It would also encourage the more active involvement of children in the process, be compatible with participation rights as granted by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNRC) and give participants a sense of inclusivity and partnership that would be of social utility. abstract: Countries throughout the world are counting the health and socioeconomic costs of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the strategies necessary to contain it. Profound consequences from social isolation are beginning to emerge, and there is an urgency about charting a path to recovery, albeit to a ‘new normal’ that mitigates them. Children have not suffered as much from the direct effects of COVID-19 infection as older adults. Still, there is mounting evidence that their health and welfare are being adversely affected. Closure of schools has been a critical component of social isolation but has a far broader impact than the diminution of educational opportunities, as important as these are. Reopening of schools is therefore essential to recovery, with some countries already tentatively implementing it. Children’s interests are vital considerations in any recovery plan, but the question remains as to how to address them within the context of how society views children; should they be regarded as pawns, pathfinders or partners in this enterprise? url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106465 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106465 id: cord-263749-bbhh5xb1 author: Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée title: Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: trying to untangle facts from fictions date: 2020-10-09 words: 4122.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263749-bbhh5xb1.txt summary: We divide the reviewed interventions in: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 hours sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod) and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, i.e.). The complete mechanism by which zinc could decrease the number or severity of viral infectious 308 processes in general and of COVID-19 in particular is not exactly understood yet; however, effects have 309 been observed on the binding of the viral agent to the mucosa and on its replication, as well as on the 310 regulation of the inflammatory process;(73) enhanced benefits have been hypothesized when co-311 administered with other medications such as (hydroxy)chloroquine that could function as a ionophore, 312 facilitating the entrance of zinc into the cells.(74) The human body''s ability to store zinc is known to be 313 low; its deficiency compromises the immune system, as has been evidenced occasionally by thymic 314 atrophy, lymphopenia and altered lymphocyte responses. abstract: Introduction In the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world is confronted with a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its initial virulence mechanisms, thus escaping from the first-line human defense mechanisms, enhancing innate immunity seems a good preventive strategy. Methods Without the intention to write an official systematic review, but more to give an overview of possible strategies, in this review article we discuss several interventions that might stimulate innate immunity and thus our defense against (viral) respiratory tract infections. Some of these interventions can also stimulate the adaptive T- and B-cell responses, but our main focus is on the innate part of immunity. We divide the reviewed interventions in: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 hours sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod) and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, i.e.). Results For each of these interventions we briefly comment on their definition, possible mechanisms and evidence of clinical efficacy or lack of it, especially focusing on respiratory tract infections, viral infections and eventually a reduced mortality in severe respiratory infections in the intensive care unit. At the end a summary table demonstrates the best trials supporting (or not) clinical evidence. Conclusion Several interventions have some degree of evidence for enhancing the innate immune response and thus conveying possible benefit, but specific trials in COVID-19 should be conducted to support solid recommendations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072240/ doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100476 id: cord-266573-vfl08i2p author: Largent, Emily A title: Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials date: 2020-05-29 words: 3636.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266573-vfl08i2p.txt summary: Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Given the pandemic''s devastating economic effects, as well as the fact that risks may be higher or more uncertain in COVID-19 trials than in nonpandemic research, there is an increased likelihood of undue influence stemming from incentive payments. Rather, in light of pandemic circumstances-similar features of which may be replicated in other contexts, including research conducted in low-and middle-income countries or with participants whose nonresearch options are limited even in the absence of a pandemic-offers of compensation may raise ethical concerns akin to incentives [14] . Acknowledging this challenge, the best IRBs can do is to minimize the possibility of undue influence for trial participants on the whole by making it unlikely for research participation to constitute an objectively unreasonable choice for members of the target study population. abstract: Trials are in development and underway to examine potential interventions for treatment and prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). How should we think about offering payment to participants in these trials? Payment for research participation is ethically contentious even under ideal circumstances. Here, we review 3 functions of research payment—reimbursement, compensation, and incentive—and identify heightened and novel ethical concerns in the context of a global pandemic. We argue that COVID-19 trial participants should usually be offered reimbursement for research-related expenses, and compensation for their time and effort, as for other types of research under usual circumstances. Given increased risk of undue influence against pandemic background conditions, incentive payment should be avoided unless essential to recruitment and retention in important trials whose social value outweighs this risk. Where essential, however, incentives can be ethically permissible, so long as reasonable efforts are made to minimize the possibility of undue influence. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa284 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa284 id: cord-347691-ia2i8svg author: Larici, Anna Rita title: Multimodality imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia: from diagnosis to follow-up. A comprehensive review date: 2020-08-17 words: 7456.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347691-ia2i8svg.txt summary: The purpose of this comprehensive review is to understand the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of chest X-ray (CXR) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in defining the common imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and correlating them with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. As suggested in the recently published WHO (World Health Organization) advice guide for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, chest imaging should be used for diagnostic purpose in symptomatic patients if RT-PCR is not available or its results are delayed, or in case of negative result in the presence of a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 [11] . Apart from recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia features, imaging -especially CT -may reveal possible alternative diagnoses (e.g. pulmonary oedema, alveolar haemorrhage, other type of lung infections) that justify patient''s respiratory symptoms [25, 26] . abstract: Due to its pandemic diffusion, SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection represents a global threat. Despite a multiorgan involvement has been described, pneumonia is the most common manifestation of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) and it is associated with a high morbidity and a considerable mortality. Especially in the areas with high disease burden, chest imaging plays a crucial role to speed up the diagnostic process and to aid the patient management. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to understand the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of chest X-ray (CXR) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in defining the common imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and correlating them with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The evolution of lung abnormalities over time, the uncommon findings, the possible complications, and the main differential diagnosis occurring in the pandemic phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109217 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109217 id: cord-325729-2c7btqpl author: Larrouquere, Louis title: Genesis of an emergency public drug information website by the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 2298.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325729-2c7btqpl.txt summary: On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, http://https%20%5Ch://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population''s concerns regarding COVID‐19 and drug use and to counter fake news. The same day as the second presidential television broadcast, the SFPT''s scientific council had met (at 3 p.m.) and decided to create a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website within 24 hours, https://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 [1] to inform on the proper use of drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population''s concerns regarding COVID-19 and drug use and to counter fake news. abstract: On March 16, 2020, the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics put online a national Question and Answer (Q&A) website, http://https%20%5Ch://sfpt-fr.org/covid19 on the proper use of drugs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The working group “Drugs and COVID‐19” was composed of a scientific council, an editorial team and experts in the field. The first questions were posted online during the first evening of home‐confinement in France, March 17, 2020. Six weeks later, 140 Q&As have been posted. Questions on the controversial use of hydroxychloroquine and to a lesser extent concerning azithromycin have been the most consulted Q&As. Q&As has been consulted 226,014 times in 41 days. This large visibility was obtained through an early communication on Twitter, Facebook, traditional print and web media. In addition, an early communication through the French Ministry of Health and the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety ANSM had a large impact in terms of daily number of views. There is a pressing need to sustain a public drug information service combining the expertise of scholarly pharmacology societies, pharmacovigilance network, and the Ministry of Health to quickly provide understandable, clear, expert answers to the general population’s concerns regarding COVID‐19 and drug use and to counter fake news. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32394481/ doi: 10.1111/fcp.12564 id: cord-285228-famhbr16 author: Larsen, Joseph R. title: Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 words: 7013.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285228-famhbr16.txt summary: To this end, we apply a Markov Process to a graded partially ordered set based on clinical observations of COVID-19 cases to ascertain the most likely order of discernible symptoms (i.e., fever, cough, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea) in COVID-19 patients. The seven-symptom implementation of the Stochastic Progression Model of COVID-19 shows that these additional symptoms did not perturb our initial ordering of fever, coughing, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea, but instead added another level of intricacy in the middle of the likely paths (Figure 4) . The most likely path of COVID-19 symptoms is fever, then cough, and next either sore throat, myalgia, or headache, followed by nausea/vomiting, and finally diarrhea, and this order is the same as the one indicated by the implementation developed from the confirmation dataset (COVID-19 with N = 1,099) (Figure 4) (16) . abstract: COVID-19 is a pandemic viral disease with catastrophic global impact. This disease is more contagious than influenza such that cluster outbreaks occur frequently. If patients with symptoms quickly underwent testing and contact tracing, these outbreaks could be contained. Unfortunately, COVID-19 patients have symptoms similar to other common illnesses. Here, we hypothesize the order of symptom occurrence could help patients and medical professionals more quickly distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory diseases, yet such essential information is largely unavailable. To this end, we apply a Markov Process to a graded partially ordered set based on clinical observations of COVID-19 cases to ascertain the most likely order of discernible symptoms (i.e., fever, cough, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea) in COVID-19 patients. We then compared the progression of these symptoms in COVID-19 to other respiratory diseases, such as influenza, SARS, and MERS, to observe if the diseases present differently. Our model predicts that influenza initiates with cough, whereas COVID-19 like other coronavirus-related diseases initiates with fever. However, COVID-19 differs from SARS and MERS in the order of gastrointestinal symptoms. Our results support the notion that fever should be used to screen for entry into facilities as regions begin to reopen after the outbreak of Spring 2020. Additionally, our findings suggest that good clinical practice should involve recording the order of symptom occurrence in COVID-19 and other diseases. If such a systemic clinical practice had been standard since ancient diseases, perhaps the transition from local outbreak to pandemic could have been avoided. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00473 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00473 id: cord-335516-om7w8y0t author: Larsen, Julie Brogaard title: Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-30 words: 1363.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335516-om7w8y0t.txt summary: A meta-analysis by Lippi et al, 10 including nine studies with more than 1,700 COVID-19 patients in total, reported a significant association between thrombocytopenia at admission and severe disease. Platelet counts were significantly lower in severely ill patients (weighted mean difference: -31.5 Â 10 9 /L) and were associated with increased mortality in a subgroup analysis. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis Clinical course and outcome of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection in 107 patients discharged from the Wuhan hospital Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356294/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710006 id: cord-275243-knr3mat0 author: Larsen, Kevin title: Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island date: 2020-07-01 words: 1670.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275243-knr3mat0.txt summary: title: Detection of Pulmonary Embolism in Returning Travelers with Hypoxemic Pneumonia due to COVID-19 in Reunion Island All returning travelers to Reunion Island with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and were included in the cohort. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. 4 The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the only study that has consecutively evaluated the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. Returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 should be systematically screened for pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis regardless of the level of D-dimers. abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19. All returning travelers to Reunion Island with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and were included in the cohort. Thirty-five patients were returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 and had recently returned from one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 outbreak (mainly from France and Comoros archipelago). Five patients (14.3%) were found to have pulmonary embolism and two (5.9%) were incidentally found to have deep vein thrombosis on CTPA. Patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis had higher D-dimer levels than those without pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis (P = 0.04). Returning travelers with hypoxemic pneumonia due to COVID-19 should be systematically screened for pulmonary embolism. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0597 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0597 id: cord-341359-c34gyuv6 author: Larson, Derek T title: Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Evidence-based Supportive Care date: 2020-05-30 words: 1203.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341359-c34gyuv6.txt summary: This retrospective study of an institutional cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when organizational standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies. Following widespread use of therapeutic agents with limited data to support their use, calls were made to focus on the evidence-based care that has been the foundation of modern medical therapy for most acute respiratory viral infections [7, 8] . Our study is the first report of COVID-19 outcomes when institutional standards of care consist solely of known evidence-based practices of supportive care. Of those diagnosed with COVID-19, 21 (15.6%) had severe enough disease to necessitate hospitalization and 6 (4.4%) required care in the ICU. Our study demonstrates favorable outcomes for patients with mild to moderately severe COVID-19 disease when evidence-based supportive care is considered the institutional standard. abstract: Calls for adherence to evidence-based medicine have emerged during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic but reports of outcomes are lacking. This retrospective study of an institutional cohort including 135 patients with confirmed COVID-19 demonstrates positive outcomes when organizational standards of care consist of evidence-based supportive therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472675/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa678 id: cord-270011-fmetxqqf author: Lasheras, Isabel title: Uso de antipalúdicos en el tratamiento del COVID-19: ¿una ventana de oportunidad? date: 2020-04-22 words: 2286.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270011-fmetxqqf.txt summary: Sin embargo, un reciente ensayo clínico aleatorizado publicado en China que analizaba la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de 400 mg de hidroxicloroquina junto con los distintos tratamientos recomendados por el Plan Nacional Chino de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento (INF2a, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Arbidol, etc), frente al uso exclusivo de estos últimos en 30 pacientes con infección por COVID-19 no encontró diferencias significativas en la carga viral a los 7 días de tratamiento, ni en la estancia media hospitalaria, el tiempo medio de disminución de la temperatura corporal, la evolución radiológica en la TC o los efectos adversos, que, para ambos grupos, consistieron en diarrea transitoria y función hepática alterada. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002577532030244X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.04.004 id: cord-326017-qw4qynqv author: Laskar, Partha title: “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies date: 2020-08-06 words: 14797.0 sentences: 760.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326017-qw4qynqv.txt summary: Considering this, we have summarized diverse research areas covering the current known biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tools for detection, therapeutic measurements for possible treatment, and prevention techniques to stop further spreading of this pandemic. Considering this, we have summarized diverse research areas covering the current known biological properties of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tools for detection, therapeutic measurements for possible treatment, and prevention techniques to stop further spreading of this pandemic. Overall, real-time RT-PCR based method enables developing a high-throughput testing for rapid, on-demand, low-cost, reliable, quantitative detection technique against COVID-19 in clinical settings [39] . Another newly developed method, SARS-CoV-2 DNA Endonuclease-Targeted CRISPR Trans Reporter (DETECTR), was found to perform simultaneous reverse transcription and isothermal amplification by (i) RT-LAMP for RNA extracted (for nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs), (ii) Cas12 detection of predefined coronavirus sequences, and (iii) cleavage of a reporter molecule confirms, which detects the virus [56] . abstract: The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) is responsible for severe health emergency throughout the world. The attack of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found to be responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing global public health emergency as a pandemic. The whole world fights against this invincible enemy in various capacities to restore economy, lifestyle, and safe life. Enormous amount of scientific research work(s), administrative strategies, and economic measurements are in place to create a successful step against COVID-19. Furthermore, differences in opinion, facts, and implementation methods laid additional layers of complexities in this battle against survival. Thus, a timely overview of the recent, important, and overall inclusive developments against this pandemic is a pressing need for better understanding and dealing with COVID-19. In this review, we have systematically summarized the epidemiological studies, clinical features, biological properties, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and preventive measurements related to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32781617/ doi: 10.3390/diseases8030030 id: cord-287156-3plpi6i9 author: Lassandro, Giuseppe title: Children in Coronaviruses’ Wonderland: What Clinicians Need to Know date: 2020-07-01 words: 8021.0 sentences: 535.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287156-3plpi6i9.txt summary: Among the seven coronaviruses that affect humans (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and the most recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent potential life-threatening diseases worldwide. Children appear to be less susceptible to develop severe clinical disease and present usually with mild and aspecific symptoms similar to other respiratory infections typical of childhood. 8, 9 Additionally, three HCoVs responsible for outbreaks involving high case fatality rates have been detected in humans in the last two decades: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( Table 1) . Principal features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the most recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) . Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission abstract: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) commonly cause mild upper-respiratory tract illnesses but can lead to more severe and diffusive diseases. A variety of signs and symptoms may be present, and infections can range in severity from the common cold and sore throat to more serious laryngeal or tracheal infections, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Among the seven coronaviruses that affect humans (SARS)-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and the most recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent potential life-threatening diseases worldwide. In adults, they may cause severe pneumonia that evolves in respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure with a high mortality rate. Children appear to be less susceptible to develop severe clinical disease and present usually with mild and aspecific symptoms similar to other respiratory infections typical of childhood. However, some children, such as infants, adolescents, or those with underlying diseases may be more at-risk categories and require greater caution from clinicians. Available data on pediatric coronavirus infections are rare and scattered in the literature. The purpose of this review is to provide to clinicians a complete and updated panel useful to recognize and characterize the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of coronavirus infections in the pediatric age. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32670520/ doi: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.042 id: cord-268354-dq17uhzx author: Lastinger, Lauren T. title: Triage and management of the ACHD patient with COVID-19: A single center approach date: 2020-06-19 words: 1782.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268354-dq17uhzx.txt summary: Given that general internists and general cardiologists will often be asked to evaluate this group during the pandemic, we propose here an abbreviated triage algorithm that will assist in identifying the patient''s overarching ACHD phenotype and baseline cardiac status. The strategy outlined allows for rapid triage and groups various anatomic CHD variants into overarching phenotypes, permitting care teams to quickly review key points in the management of moderate to severely complex ACHD patients. This "ACHD phenotype" will allow the non-ACHD physician evaluating a patient with known/suspected COVID-19 to rapidly recognize CHD anatomy and apply appropriate triage guidelines based upon the phenotype and baseline physiologic CHD level of compensation/decompensation. Triage of the moderate-severely complex ACHD patient with known/suspected COVID-19 relies on a multi-step process that assesses patient characteristics in the following order: 1) Degree of COVID-19-specific symptoms, 2) Classification of COVID-19 symptom severity, 3) Assessment of general ACHD-based high-risk features and 4) Inpatient triage and management-specific key points based upon the over-arching ACHD phenotype. abstract: With the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, healthcare facilities and personnel are expected to rapidly triage and care for even the most complex medical conditions. Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) represent an often-intimidating group of complex cardiovascular disorders. Given that general internists and general cardiologists will often be asked to evaluate this group during the pandemic, we propose here an abbreviated triage algorithm that will assist in identifying the patient's overarching ACHD phenotype and baseline cardiac status. The strategy outlined allows for rapid triage and groups various anatomic CHD variants into overarching phenotypes, permitting care teams to quickly review key points in the management of moderate to severely complex ACHD patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016752732033401X doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.023 id: cord-354702-hi4nxf67 author: Laszkowska, Monika title: Disease Course and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients with Gastrointestinal Manifestations date: 2020-09-30 words: 3386.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354702-hi4nxf67.txt summary: Background & Aims Our understanding of outcomes and disease time course of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remains limited. In this study we characterize the disease course and severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal manifestations in a large, diverse cohort from the Unites States. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with GI manifestations of COVID-19 have a reduced risk of intubation and death, but may have a longer overall disease course driven by duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization. week; however, like other early reports of GI symptoms, it did not account for the potential impact of factors such as age and comorbidities on mortality, and did not assess the overall time course of disease from symptom onset to death or discharge. 4, 21 Furthermore, small studies from China have assessed how time-course of disease is impacted by presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and some suggest presence of diarrhea may be associated with prolonged symptoms. abstract: Background & Aims Our understanding of outcomes and disease time course of COVID-19 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms remains limited. In this study we characterize the disease course and severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal manifestations in a large, diverse cohort from the Unites States. Methods This retrospective study evaluated hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 between March 11 and April 28, 2020 at two affiliated hospitals in New York City. We evaluated the association between GI symptoms and death, and also explored disease duration, from symptom onset to death or discharge. Results Of 2,804 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the 1,084 (38.7%) patients with GI symptoms were younger (aOR for age≥75 0.59, 95% CI 0.45-0.77) and had more co-morbidities (aOR for modified Charlson comorbidity score ≥2 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.48) compared to those without GI symptoms. Individuals with GI symptoms had better outcomes, with a lower likelihood of intubation (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.55-0.79) and death (aHR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.87), after adjusting for clinical factors. These patients had a longer median disease course from symptom onset to discharge (13.8 vs. 10.8 days, log-rank p=0.048; among 769 survivors with available symptom onset time), which was driven by longer time from symptom onset to hospitalization (7.4 vs. 5.4 days, log-rank p<0.01). Conclusion Hospitalized patients with GI manifestations of COVID-19 have a reduced risk of intubation and death, but may have a longer overall disease course driven by duration of symptoms prior to hospitalization. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542356520313677?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.037 id: cord-273303-g86w0xt5 author: Latz, Christopher A. title: Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey date: 2020-05-23 words: 1885.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273303-g86w0xt5.txt summary: This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of 5 respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and 6 emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. The majority of vascular surgeon respondents were also being asked to 22 reuse PPE, a common practice throughout the United States during the pandemic. In our initial response (early March 2020), vascular trainees were not involved in 7 COVID-19 cases and attendings saw these patients alone (both to protect our trainees and to 8 limit use of PPE). abstract: OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications for the United States healthcare system. This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. METHODS: A fourteen-question online survey regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgeons’ current practice was sent to 365 vascular surgeons across the country via REDCap from 4/14/2020 to 4/21/2020 with responses closed on 4/23/2020. The survey response was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Further analyses were performed to evaluate whether responses from states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and California) differed from those with lower case numbers (all other states). RESULTS: A total of 121 vascular surgeon responded (30.6%) to the survey. All high-volume states were represented. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. This did not differ between high case and low COVID case states (p=0.285). High case states were less likely to perform a lower extremity intervention for critical limb ischemia (60.8% vs. 77.5%, p=0.046), but otherwise case types did not differ. Most attendings work with residents (90.8%) and limited their exposure to procedures on suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases (56.0%). Thirty-eight percent of attendings have been redeployed within the hospital to a vascular access service, and/or other service outside of vascular surgery. This was more frequent in high case volume states compared to low case volume states (p=0.039). The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE (71.4%) and N95 masks (86.4%), and 21% of vascular surgeons feel that they do not have adequate PPE to perform clinical their duties. CONCLUSION: The initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced elective cases with primarily only urgent and emergent cases being performed. A minority of vascular surgeons have been redeployed outside of their specialty, however, this is more common among states with high case numbers. Adequate PPE remains an issue for almost a quarter of vascular surgeons who responded to this survey. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.032 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.032 id: cord-255103-ckecol7i author: Lau, Hien title: Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters date: 2020-06-06 words: 1681.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255103-ckecol7i.txt summary: A crude case-fatality risk (cCFR) and adjusted case-fatality risk (aCFR) was calculated for China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States. Differences in testing availability and capacity, containment as well as overall health care and medical infrastructure result in significantly different mortality rates and COVID-19 case numbers for each respective country. This study, therefore, aims to assess the extent of COVID-19 undertesting and underreporting based on reported and estimated mortality per case in multiple global epicenters, including China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States [5, 6] . The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths for Asia (China, South Korea, Japan), Europe (Italy, France, Spain, Germany), Iran and the United States were sourced from the COVID-19 situation reports made publicly available by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 20 th , 2020. abstract: Abstract Background With continuous global COVID-19 outbreak, differing case numbers and mortality rates are observed. While actual case numbers appear vague, mortality numbers related to COVID-19 seem more precise. In this study, we used the mortality rate as the main indicator to evaluate the extent of underreporting and underdetection of COVID-19 cases. Methods We have analyzed all available data provided by the World Health Organization on the development of international COVID-19 cases and mortality numbers on March 17th, 2020. A crude case-fatality risk (cCFR) and adjusted case-fatality risk (aCFR) was calculated for China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Iran and the United States. Additionally, a fold-change (FC) was derived for each country. Results The highest aCFR and FC were detected for Spain. Based on their FC values, an extremely high number of undetected COVID-19 cases was displayed in France, the United States, Italy and Spain. For these countries, our findings indicate a detection rate of only 1-2% of total actual COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Due to limited testing capacities, mortality numbers may serve as a better indicator for COVID-19 case spread in many countries. Our data indicate that countries like France, Italy, the United States, Iran and Spain have extremely high numbers of undetected and underreported cases. Differences in testing availability and capacity, containment as well as overall health care and medical infrastructure result in significantly different mortality rates and COVID-19 case numbers for each respective country. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S253104372030129X doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.05.015 id: cord-273017-9yni18cl author: Lau, Lincoln Leehang title: COVID-19 response strategies: considering inequalities between and within countries date: 2020-08-12 words: 1411.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273017-9yni18cl.txt summary: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has been uncharted territory, and countries and governments have faced the challenge of implementing response strategies to manage local transmission. Local government units (LGUs) have been expected to enforce measures that are consistent with those in the National Capital Region (NCR), but the geographical, social and economic landscape from which these directives originate often differ from the rural communities in which they are meant to be implemented. Just as the Philippines lacks the resources and infrastructure to match South Korea''s COVID-19 response, regions outside of NCR likewise do not have the resources to replicate the proposed ambition of mass testing in the capital region. Given inherent disparities in how resources are distributed, countries should not be treated homogenously when designing national response strategies. Designation of Selected Regional TB Culture Laboratories for GeneXpert Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Republic of Philippines Department of Health abstract: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has been uncharted territory, and countries and governments have faced the challenge of implementing response strategies to manage local transmission. High-income settings have the resources to devote significant resources to testing, isolation, and contact tracing. Lower-income settings are pressured to emulate such initiatives, but often lack the resources and infrastructure to do so. We highlight the impact of these between-country inequalities, the within-country inequalities, and the potential magnification of unintended consequences due to COVID-19 control measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787914/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01254-9 id: cord-331869-dm8ri6xf author: Lau, Louis HS. title: Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong date: 2020-07-25 words: 2067.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331869-dm8ri6xf.txt summary: title: Collateral Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases – A Territory-wide Observational Study in Hong Kong (Supplementary Table 2) Discussion This is a territory-wide population-based study involving more than 195,000 patient-based hospital admissions over 17 months, providing real-life data on collateral effects of COVID-19 pandemic in digestive diseases. We searched all patients who were admitted to public hospitals under the Hospital Authority in Hong Kong during the study period, with the principal or the top five diagnosis codes of the index hospital admission included, based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). As a result, we included patients admitted to hospitals during January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020, either with emergency department attendance or with length of stay for more than one day, related to the above principal or top five diagnoses of major GI diseases for subsequent analysis. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0016508520350058 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.042 id: cord-274707-mxh38hwd author: Laureano, Ana Flávia Santarine title: The different tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 - A review in Brazil so far date: 2020 words: 3736.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274707-mxh38hwd.txt summary: The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Most rapid tests use colloidal gold particles in a technique known as immunochromatography, also called lateral flow immunoassay, a type of sandwich assay that relies on a pair of antibodies used to recognize two independent epitopes of a protein, and therefore it can achieve high specificity (Zhou et al., 2012) . One of the first rapid tests (lateral flow immunoassay) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM immune responses was developed by professor''s Feng Ye group at the National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease in Guangzhou, China. Development and Clinical Application of A Rapid IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus from the coronavirus family that emerged in the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus is now widespread and causing the current pandemic of COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral pneumonia, commonly presented with fever and cough, which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes associated with older age and underlying health conditions. Supportive care for patients is typically the standard protocol because no specific effective antiviral therapies have been identified so far. The current outbreak is challenging governments and health authorities all over the world. In here we present a comparison among the current diagnostic tools and kits being used to test Brazilian population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32491306/ doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200046 id: cord-283779-mudwcypl author: Lauretani, Fulvio title: Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date: 2020-05-11 words: 9727.0 sentences: 500.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt summary: The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death. abstract: Covid-19 infection is a multisystem disease more frequent in older individuals, especially in those with multiple chronic diseases. This multimorbid and frail population requires attention and a personalized comprehensive assessment in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes. As other diseases, the COVID-19 presentation in older patients is often atypical with less severe and unspecific symptoms. These subjects both at home and during hospitalization suffer isolation and the lack of support of caregivers. The geriatric care in COVID-19 wards is often missing. The application of additional instruments would be necessary to facilitate and personalize the clinical approach, not only based on diseases but also on functional status. This narrative review starts from diagnostic evaluation, continues with adapted pharmacologic treatment and ends with the recovery phase targeting the nutrition and physical exercise. We developed a check-list of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and other less-specific symptoms, summarized in a table and easily to be filled-up by patients, nurses and general practitioners. As second step, we reported the clinical phases of this disease. Far to be considered just viral infective and respiratory, this disease is also an inflammatory and thrombotic condition with frequent bacterial over-infection. We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. This underlines the role of age not just as a limitation, but also an opportunity to increase the quality and the appropriateness of multidisciplinary and multidimensional intervention in this population. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420939/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9629 id: cord-324752-t50bg7pq author: Lavery, Michael Joseph title: Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 in children (and adults): A virus that does not discriminate date: 2020-11-01 words: 2649.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324752-t50bg7pq.txt summary: COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus with a characteristic S-glycoprotein ''spike'' on the cell surface.(1) Initial reports did not include cutaneous manifestations as a feature of COVID-19; however, there is a growing repertoire of reports demonstrating an array of dermatologic manifestations on the skin in children and adults. Dermatologic afflictions have been summarized into different categories several times, with the most recent analysis identifying six clinical patterns: urticaria, maculopapular-morbilliform eruption, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like acral pattern, livedo reticularis-livedo racemose pattern, and purpuric ''vasculitic'' pattern.(2) In children, the dermatologic features appear to occur before or concomitantly with other COVID-19 manifestations. 24 Recently, nail changes have been identified in patients with COVID-19 manifesting as a convex half-moon shaped erythematous band at the distal margin of the lunula and coined ''the red half-moon nail sign.'' 25, 26 In the United Kingdom (UK), researchers analyzed data from users of the COVID Symptom Study application and noted 8.8% of 336,847 users, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 viral swab, reported a skin eruption. abstract: COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus with a characteristic S-glycoprotein ‘spike’ on the cell surface.(1) Initial reports did not include cutaneous manifestations as a feature of COVID-19; however, there is a growing repertoire of reports demonstrating an array of dermatologic manifestations on the skin in children and adults. Dermatologic afflictions have been summarized into different categories several times, with the most recent analysis identifying six clinical patterns: urticaria, maculopapular-morbilliform eruption, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like acral pattern, livedo reticularis-livedo racemose pattern, and purpuric ‘vasculitic’ pattern.(2) In children, the dermatologic features appear to occur before or concomitantly with other COVID-19 manifestations. Dermatologists play a key role in diagnosing patients with COVID-19 who may present for the first time unwittingly exhibiting early signs of COVID-19. We have reviewed the current evidence on the dermatologic impact of COVID-19 in both the adult and pediatric population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738081X2030211X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.10.020 id: cord-302902-34vftqt9 author: Law, Brenda Hiu Yan title: Effect of COVID-19 Precautions on Neonatal Resuscitation Practice: A Balance Between Healthcare Provider Safety, Infection Control, and Effective Neonatal Care date: 2020-08-18 words: 2901.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302902-34vftqt9.txt summary: Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, to protect health care providers (HCPs), limit post-natal transmission, and maintain infection control (7) . Neonatal resuscitation may be especially impacted by changes in (i) respiratory support, (ii) personal protective equipment (PPE), (iii) resuscitation environment, (iv) team-based activities, and (v) family involvement ( Table 1) . Modifications to ventilation practices during neonatal resuscitation have been proposed to protect HCPs during AGPs, based on limited evidence on vertical transmission and aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 (7, 9) . General COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines recommend the use of viral filters on mask ventilation devices to decrease risks to HCPs (9) . abstract: Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. Changes especially impact respiratory procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, resuscitation environments, teamwork, and family involvement. Adding viral filters to ventilation devices and modifications to intubation procedures might hinder effective ventilation. PPE could delay resuscitation, hinder task performance, and degrade communication. Changes to resuscitation locations and team composition alter workflow and teamwork. Physical distancing measures and PPE impede family-integrated care. These disruptions need to be considered given the uncertainty of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014919/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00478 id: cord-273778-68wxa782 author: Lawal, Olanrewaju title: Movement and risk perception: evidence from spatial analysis of mobile phone-based mobility during the COVID-19 lockdown, Nigeria date: 2020-11-02 words: 6774.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273778-68wxa782.txt summary: The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. Examination of the weekly aggregated mobility for the retail and recreation category showed that 7 states exhibited no statistically significant trend (Fig. 4a) . Yobe and Gombe States recorded a declining trend for mobility in the Grocery and Pharmacy place category (Fig. 4c) . The remaining States spread across different parts of the country-mostly in the southern part displayed a statistically significant upward trend of mobility for this place categories. The multiple correspondence analysis identified two dimensions within the mobility trend designation recorded for each State for the six place categories ( Table 1 ). As mobility started an uptrend even during the lockdown period, there is an indication that generally, peoples'' perception of the disease is to consider the pandemic as a voluntary risk. abstract: The emergence of COVID-19 across the globe prompted many countries to institute total lockdown or other models of mobility restrictions to mitigate the spread of the disease. On March 29th, Nigeria instituted a nationwide lockdown. It is pertinent to understand the pattern created by this lockdown. This could offer insights into how people perceive the hazard and the level of compliance across the States in Nigeria. Mobile phone-based mobility data and the number of new cases from the beginning to the end of the lockdown were utilised. The study examines space-time trends across different place categories at the state level. Place categories witnessed mobility reduction as high as 56%, 57%, 65%, 75%, 38% for retail and recreation (RtRc), Grocery and Pharmacy (GrPh), Park, and Transport Hubs (Trst) respectively. Most States recorded mobility uptrend towards workplace, retail and recreational areas. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) identified two dimensions from the Space-time trends. The first dimension (D1) accounted for 66% of the variance. Examination of the Object Scores from the MCA showed that there are two classes–two risk perception groups. The pattern of mobility recorded shows that there is a variation in mobility restriction compliance across the States. The trend groupings identified captured an aspect of risk perception within each State. Thus, pointing to difference in levels of risk acceptance. With the level of misinformation currently being experienced worldwide, concerted efforts should be made on improving risk perception to prevent the re-emergence of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162644/ doi: 10.1007/s10708-020-10331-z id: cord-274443-r6ponjr4 author: Lawson, Monica title: Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Consequences of Parental Job Loss on Psychological and Physical Abuse Towards Children date: 2020-09-04 words: 6893.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274443-r6ponjr4.txt summary: Guided by an ecological approach and the family stress and stress and coping models of child maltreatment, the potential buffering role of parental positive cognitive reframing on the association between parental job loss and psychological maltreatment and physical abuse was evaluated among parents of 4-to 10-year-olds living in the United States. Among parents who lost their jobs because of COVID-19 related economic downturns, the probability of psychologically maltreating and physically abusing their children was anticipated to decrease as positive reframing increased. Consistent with the study hypotheses and prior observations of increased rates of child abuse during economic crises (Brooks-Gunn et al., 2013; Schenck-Fontaine et al., 2017) , the current investigation identified parental job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic as a robust predictor of psychological maltreatment and physical abuse towards children during the pandemic. The finding that positive cognitive reframing served as a protective buffer against the effect of job loss on physical abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic is consistent with our hypothesis and the stress and coping model of child maltreatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: Job loss resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic presents significant risk for child abuse. Protective factors, such as reframing coping, may mitigate the risk of job loss on child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated factors associated with child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic, including parental job loss, and whether cognitive reframing moderated associations between job loss and child maltreatment. METHOD: A community sample of 342 parents (62% mothers) of 4- to 10-year-olds (M = 7.38, SD = 2.01; 57.3% male) living in the United States completed online questionnaires regarding experiences with COVID-19, the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales. RESULTS: Two logistic regression analyses evaluated predictors of whether parents psychologically maltreated or physically abused their children during the pandemic controlling for maltreating history, parental depressive symptoms, financial stability, parent age, parent gender, child age, and child gender. Parents who lost their jobs (OR = 4.86, 95% CI [1.19, 19.91], p = .03), were more depressed (OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.02, 1.08], p < .01), and previously psychologically maltreated their children (OR = 111.94, 95% CI [28.54, 439.01], p < .001) were more likely to psychologically maltreat during the pandemic. Regarding physical abuse, a significant interaction between job loss and reframing coping emerged (OR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.59, 0.99], p = .04). Among parents who lost their jobs, the probability of physical abuse decreased as reframing coping increased. CONCLUSIONS: Job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic is a significant risk factor for child maltreatment. Reframing coping may be an important buffer of this association on physical abuse and presents implications for maltreatment prevention. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213420303641 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104709 id: cord-299308-gza1pwx6 author: Laxminarayan, Ramanan title: Is Gradual and Controlled Approach to Herd Protection a Valid Strategy to Curb the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-05-06 words: 1557.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299308-gza1pwx6.txt summary: Most pandemics in the twentieth and twentyfirst centuries have been caused by virusesinfluenza, chikungunya, HIV/AIDS and now the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pediatric patients reportedly acquire COVID-19 either through close contact with infected family members (89%), exposure to endemic areas (33%), or both (22%); with the majority (53%) showing moderate symptoms and no severe or critical cases [2] . We do not endorse the idea of letting the epidemic a free hand in order to create sufficient herd immunity to end the epidemic;as it would entail an enormous burden on the healthcare system -United Kingdom, at first, considered a different approach -of unrestricted spread of disease without any brakes applied, but public health experts were able to convince the government to accept the more reasonable mitigation approach. The proportion of the population that should be exposed to the virus for herd immunity to be effective is calculated as 1-1/Ro. In the absence of serological studies, the true extent of spread of SARS-COV-2 in India is unknown. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32376793/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1844-4 id: cord-316712-1ngcwdln author: Laxminarayan, Ramanan title: India’s Battle against COVID-19: Progress and Challenges date: 2020-08-24 words: 2592.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316712-1ngcwdln.txt summary: The first reported case of infection with the SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in India was reported on January 30, 2020 in an Indian student evacuated from Wuhan, and the first death was reported on March 12, 2020. Model-based estimates 8 produced in March 2020 had indicated that a national lockdown could reduce the number of infections at the peak of the pandemic-expected in early May-by 70-80%, depending on the degree of public compliance with physical distancing. Mortality rates (based on reported cases and deaths) appear to be low in India, as they are in most countries in the region, perhaps indicative of both limited testing and other unexplained factors. 12 At the current time, India has conducted approximately 18,000 tests per million population, a rate that is a third that of South Africa, about 60% that of Nepal, and among the lowest of any large country. abstract: India's Battle against COVID-19: Progress and Challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0992 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0992 id: cord-308740-06jr58kz author: Lazaridis, Charalampos title: Involvement of Cardiovascular System As The Critical Point in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prognosis and Recovery date: 2020-06-10 words: 2536.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308740-06jr58kz.txt summary: All cases were linked to a seafood market in the same city 2 and were confirmed to be associated with a novel RNA betacoronavirus, which was later named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 3,4 . A recent study in patients with heart failure found that circulating levels of ACE2 were higher in men than in women, suggesting increased ACE2 tissue expression which could contribute to susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progress 49 . Remarkably, severe COVID-19 has been associated with hypokalemia and higher blood pressure, supporting suggestions of decreased ACE2 function and augmented levels of angiotensin II after SARS-CoV-2 infection 96 . The participation of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, acting as a cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2 13 has caused increasing concern about the role of antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II Chloroquine, an antimalarial agent with known anti-viral effects 141 Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already caused more than 300,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated the central role of cardiovascular complications in the disease course. Herein, we provide a concise review of current knowledge regarding the involvement of cardiovascular system in the pathogenesis and prognosis of COVID-19. We summarize data from 21 studies involving in total more than 21,000 patients from Asia, Europe and the USA indicating that severe disease is associated with the presence of myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias. Additionally, we present the clinical and laboratory differences between recovered and deceased patients highlighting the importance of cardiac manifestations. For the infected patients, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and especially existing cardiovascular disease seem to predispose to the development of cardiovascular complications, which are in turn associated with higher mortality rates. We provide mechanistic insights into the underlying mechanisms including direct myocardial damage by the virus and the consequences of the hyperinflammatory syndrome developed later in the disease course. Finally, we summarize current knowledge on therapeutic modalities and recommendations by scientific societies and experts regarding the cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1109966620300932?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.05.004 id: cord-341259-1768lp0a author: Lazarus, G. title: High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis date: 2020-09-27 words: 5121.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341259-1768lp0a.txt summary: title: High admission blood glucose is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis Materials and methods Eligible studies evaluating the prognostic value of fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels in predicting COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Inclusion criteria were set to filter primary studies investigating the association between admission BG level and poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients (see Appendix Table S2 ). We demonstrated that FBG was independently associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients (Table 1 and Figure 3A -C), although all models yielded substantial heterogeneity (I 2 =84% for poor outcome; I 2 =87% for mortality, I 2 =78% for severity; all with P heterogeneity <0.001). Nonetheless, our results were consistent with the independent prognostic value of admission FBG, thus we judged the certainty of evidence for severity to be high, and for mortality and poor outcome to be moderate. abstract: Aims To investigate the prognostic value of admission blood glucose (BG) in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, including poor composite outcomes (mortality/severity), mortality, and severity. Materials and methods Eligible studies evaluating the prognostic value of fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels in predicting COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Random-effects high-vs-low meta-analysis followed by dose-response analysis using generalized least squares model in a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis were conducted. Potential non-linear association was explored using restricted cubic splines and pooled using restricted maximum likelihood model in a multivariate meta-analysis. Results The search yielded 35 studies involving a total of 14,502 patients. We discovered independent association between admission FBG and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated non-linear relationship between admission FBG and severity (Pnon-linearity<0.001), where each 1 mmol/L increase augmented the risk of COVID-19 severity by 33% (risk ratio 1.33 [95% CI: 1.26-1.40]). Albeit exhibiting similar trends, study scarcity limited the strength of evidence on the independent prognostic value of admission RBG. GRADE assessment yielded high-quality evidence for the association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, and moderate-quality evidence for its association with mortality and poor outcomes, while the other assessments yielded very low-to-low quality. Conclusion High level of FBG at admission was independently associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Further researches to confirm the observed prognostic value of admission RBG and to ascertain the estimated dose-response risk between admission FBG and on COVID-19 severity are required. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.20200774v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20200774 id: cord-289825-9hpegqlh author: Lazarus, Gilbert title: Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 words: 1064.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289825-9hpegqlh.txt summary: title: Medical students in Indonesia: an invaluable living gemstone during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic This article aims to deliver authors'' perspectives and recommendations on the role of Indonesian medical students during COVID-19 pandemic. Students'' movement as volunteers during this time can be seen as important experiences which need to be reflected upon hence the lessons will have positive impacts on their professional development and professional identity formation [12] . It is also recommended for current medical curriculum to provide rooms for such learning processes that discuss students'' current roles during pandemic, ethical reasoning of most appropriate venues to volunteer considering patient and student safety and their competencies, and well-being issues [14] . Guidebook for volunteer medical students fighting the COVID-19 pandemic The role of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic A bold response to the COVID-19 pandemic: medical students, national service, and public health abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2020.165 doi: 10.3946/kjme.2020.165 id: cord-328957-mzi8504f author: Lazebnik, T. title: The signature features of COVID-19 pandemic in a hybrid mathematical model - implications for optimal work-school lockdown policy date: 2020-11-04 words: 8706.0 sentences: 556.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328957-mzi8504f.txt summary: Our unique use of contact details from 2 classes (children and adults), the interaction of populations depending on the time of day (the cycle of day and night), and several physical locations, allowed a new look at the differential dynamics of the spread and control of infection. Based on the different impact of 83 COVID-19 to the immune response, severity of infection and transmission disease in 84 different age groups (mainly children and adults) [17, 19] , we proposed a two classes 85 age-structured SIRD epidemic model dividing the population into children and adults. 86 Moreover, we developed a numerical, stochastic simulator based on this hybrid model 87 (https://teddylazebnik.info/coronavirus-sir-simulation/index.html) for COVID-19 popu-88 lation spread in addition to the analytical examination of the epidemic dynamics. 127 We divide the population into two classes based on their age: children and adults 128 because these groups experience the disease in varying degrees of severity and have 129 different infection rates. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first identified in China, spreads rapidly across the globe and is considered the fastest moving pandemic in history. The new disease has challenged policymakers and scientists on key issues such as the magnitude of the first-time problem, the susceptibility of the population, the severity of the disease, and its symptoms. Most countries have adopted lockdown policies to reduce the spatial spread of COVID-19, but they have damaged the economic and moral fabric of society. Timely action to prevent the spread of the virus is critical, and mathematical modeling in non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policy management has proven to be a major weapon in this fight due to the lack of an effective COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We present a new hybrid model for COVID-19 dynamics using both an age-structured mathematical model and spatio-temporal model in silico, analyzing the data of COVID-19 in Israel. The age-structured mathematical model is based on SIRD two age-class model. The spatial model examines a circle of day and night (with one-hour resolution) and three main locations (work / school or home) for every individual. Results: We determine mathematically the basic reproduction number ( R_0 ) via the next-generation matrix based on Markov chain theory. Then, we analyze the stability of the equilibria and the effects of the significant differences in infection rates between children and adults. Using the hybrid model, we have introduced a method for estimating the reproduction number of an epidemic in real time from the data of daily notification of cases. The results of the proposed model are confirmed by the Israeli Lockdown experience with a mean square error of 0.205 over two weeks. The model was able to predict changes in ( R_0 ) by opening schools on September 1, 2020, resulting in ( R_0 ) = 2.2, which entailed a month quarantine of all areas of life. According to the model, by extending the school day to 9 hours, and assuming that children and adults go to school and work every day (except weekends), we get a significant reduction in ( R_0 ) of 1.45. Finally, model-based analytical-numerical results are obtained and displayed in graphical profiles. Conclusions: The use of mathematical models promises to reduce the uncertainty in the choice of Lockdown policies. Our unique use of contact details from 2 classes (children and adults), the interaction of populations depending on the time of day (the cycle of day and night), and several physical locations, allowed a new look at the differential dynamics of the spread and control of infection. Using knowledge about how the length of the work and school day affects the dynamics of the spread of the disease can be useful for improving control programs, mitigation, and policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20224584 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224584 id: cord-301734-2anqedib author: Lazzari, Grazia title: Are there overlapping clinical features between thoracic radiotherapy side effects and covid-19 pneumonia? radiation pneumonitis outside the radiation ports : three case reports date: 2020-09-25 words: 1804.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301734-2anqedib.txt summary: However, at the Covid-19 pandemic time, CT findings could yield confounding reporting in case of cancer patients previously treated with thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) due to atypical radiation pneumonitis occurring outside the radiation ports. These similarities make it difficult to correctly diagnose among these diseases as occurred in our experience on three cases of atypical radiation induced pneumonitis developed few months after RT off during the Covid-19 pandemic time. [8] Studies have assessed the key role of the CT scan in diagnosis of Covid-19 patients with false negative RT-PCR results showing a 98% sensitivity in detecting and monitoring this disease. However in patients who have received thoracic radiotherapy as in our cases, similar findings could be an expression of several atypical pneumonitis occurring as side effect of chest radiation due to radiation induced lung injury (RILI). abstract: Respiratory involvement of Covid-19 infection, presenting as a mild flu-like illness to potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome is the main clinical manifestation in adults. Chest imaging shows a pictorial fashion of images due to the severity and stage of the disease, starting from focal nodular or mass-like opacities with air bronchogram to areas of ground glass consolidation or whited out lung. However, at the Covid-19 pandemic time, CT findings could yield confounding reporting in case of cancer patients previously treated with thoracic radiotherapy (tRT) due to atypical radiation pneumonitis occurring outside the radiation ports. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and radiation induced bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonitis (RT-BOOP) are accounted in this report. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015379/ doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.09.007 id: cord-324898-bjxpuqhr author: Lazzeri, Marta title: How Italian respiratory physiotherapists have faced and are facing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 words: 1620.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324898-bjxpuqhr.txt summary: Where present, respiratory physiotherapists (RPh) made a great contribution by working together with other health professionals in assisting patients, providing "quick basic training sessions" about respiratory care for non-specialist healthcare professionals, locating and assessing all kinds of equipment (ventilators, interfaces, oxygen delivery systems, among others) to assist patients with respiratory failure and implementing early intervention with those patients in healthier conditions. Despite the absolute novelty of the pathology and the lack of scientific evidence, based on the available knowledge of physiopathology and respiratory care strategies, in collaboration with other scientific societies (Associazione Italiana Fisioterapisti -AIFI-, Associazione Italiana Pneumologi Ospedalieri -AIPO-, Società Italiana Pneumologia -SIP-, European Respiratory Society-ERS-), documents have been published in open-access journals and platform aimed to promote safe use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and to support the decision process in the management of COVID-19 patients in the acute and postacute phases [1] [2] [3] [4] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765900/ doi: 10.1186/s40945-020-00086-8 id: cord-285491-ad6jiqh9 author: Lazzerini, Marzia title: Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-09 words: 1188.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285491-ad6jiqh9.txt summary: During Italy''s national lockdown for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), official hospital statistics in the period March 1-27, 2020, show substantial decreases-ranging from 73% to 88%in paediatric emergency department visits compared with the same time period in 2019 and 2018 (figure). The substantial decreases in paediatric care access in Italy might reflect scarcity of available resources due to pandemic-related redistribution, or reticence on the part of parents and caregivers to risk exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a health-care setting, in addition to lower rates of acute infections and trauma. Two children presented to the emergency department with acuteonset type 1 diabetes and severe ketoacidosis due to delayed access to hospital care, even though parents had recognised abnormal symptoms (eg, polydipsia, polyuria, and dyspnoea); both required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352464220301085 doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30108-5 id: cord-346037-1sgwy0tx author: Le Couteur, David G title: COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology date: 2020-03-31 words: 879.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346037-1sgwy0tx.txt summary: The case-fatality rate for COVID-19 increases dramatically with age from 3% to 5% between 65 and 74 years, 4% to 11% between 75 and 84 years, and 10% to 27% above 85 years and people aged 65 years and older account for 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and 80% of deaths (1) . The United States has seen an exponential increase in the number of cases with the vast majority of deaths also occurring in people aged 65 years or older. ICU admission and ventilation may be futile in some frail older people with multimorbidity; however, there is a very big ethical difference between decisions made on the basis of futility versus those based on rationing (7) . Arguments have been made that potential years of life lost should be considered if care is rationed, yet perhaps more critical to consider is the experience and wisdom of older adults. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -United States abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222763/ doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa077 id: cord-329953-8nq7fvfh author: Le Grange, Lesley title: Covid-19 pandemic and the prospects of education in South Africa date: 2020-10-19 words: 6254.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt summary: This pandemic has revealed the underbelly of South African society in general and its education system more specifically—it has laid bare the gross inequalities that are the legacies of apartheid and the consequences of neoliberal capitalism. Drawing on ideas articulated in the four introductory chapters of the International Handbook of Curriculum Research, edited by William Pinar in 2014, this article discusses Covid-19 and the prospects of education in South Africa. The article shows how understanding the wisdom of indigenous traditions along with the moral dimensions of education, race, and the new technologies of surveillance, neoliberalism, and education can provide a nuanced awareness of the nature of the Covid-19 pandemic. Accordingly, I divide the rest of the article into the following sections: the moral dimension of education; race, technologies of surveillance, and bio-informationism; neoliberalism and the prospects of education after the Covid-19 pandemic; and why we need Ubuntu-currere. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused havoc in the world, radically changing our lives and raising new and old questions, both existential and educational. This pandemic has revealed the underbelly of South African society in general and its education system more specifically—it has laid bare the gross inequalities that are the legacies of apartheid and the consequences of neoliberal capitalism. Drawing on ideas articulated in the four introductory chapters of the International Handbook of Curriculum Research, edited by William Pinar in 2014, this article discusses Covid-19 and the prospects of education in South Africa. The article shows how understanding the wisdom of indigenous traditions along with the moral dimensions of education, race, and the new technologies of surveillance, neoliberalism, and education can provide a nuanced awareness of the nature of the Covid-19 pandemic. It then explores the implications of such insights for the field of curriculum studies and, where relevant, for the school curriculum. It concludes by showing how these broad themes intersect and gel around the notion of Ubuntu-currere. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100404/ doi: 10.1007/s11125-020-09514-w id: cord-304418-k9owyolj author: Le Maréchal, M. title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis date: 2020-09-29 words: 6288.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304418-k9owyolj.txt summary: Plasmatic detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported but only with low viral titers, and mainly in clinically severe cases [44] ; bloodstream infectivity has yet to be demonstrated. The first large clinical trial published on LPV/RTV on SARS-CoV-2 compared 99 patients receiving the antiviral vs 100 receiving SoC alone [124] ; there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary end point (time to improvement) (15 vs 16 days, p=0.09). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease rapidly spread to the rest of China, to Southern-East Asia, then to Europe, America, and on to the rest of the world. COVID-19 is associated with a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. The virus penetrates the organism through the respiratory tract, conveyed by contaminated droplets. The main cell receptor targeted is the surface-bound ACE-2. As of the 26th July 2020, 15,200,000 COVID-19 cases and 650,000 deaths were reported worldwide. The mortality rate is estimated between 1.3 and 18.3%. The reproductive rate without any public health intervention is estimated around 4-5.1 in France. Most hospitalized patients for COVID-19 present respiratory symptoms, which in some cases is associated with fever. Up to 86% of admissions to ICU are related to acute respiratory failure. To date, no anti-viral therapy has proven its efficacy considering randomized trials. Only immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids have shown to cause significant improvement in patient outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007400/ doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.09.012 id: cord-337169-wv9n2e2o author: Le Roux, Gael title: COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period date: 2020-04-25 words: 359.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337169-wv9n2e2o.txt summary: key: cord-337169-wv9n2e2o title: COVID-19: home poisoning throughout the containment period cord_uid: wv9n2e2o 1 Although health systems have to deal with such disasters to decrease massive contaminations, several countries, such as France, have implemented containment measures. 2,3 Poison control centres are-perhaps unexpectedly-being involved too in the COVID-19 outbreak as they are observing a change in the typology of the calls they receive, which is directly related to containment measures. Lastly, and in addition to the containment measures, we must also acknowledge that fear of being contaminated in the emergency room is another obstacle for many people who need health care after poisoning. Worldwide, prevention of such home poisonings is urgently needed to avoid unnecessary emergency medical system use in such critical times. Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance and containment measures for the first 100 patients with COVID-19 in Singapore abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468266720300955 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30095-5 id: cord-250374-y84dufy4 author: Le''on, Ugo Avila-Ponce de title: A data driven analysis and forecast of an SEIARD epidemic model for COVID-19 in Mexico date: 2020-04-16 words: 2039.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-250374-y84dufy4.txt summary: We calculate the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) via the next-generation matrix method, and we estimate the per day infection, death and recovery rates. To describe the evolution of the epidemic in Mexico taking into account the social distancing measures taken by the government, we will assume that the infection rate, recovery rate and death rate are time-dependent functions, similar to those used in [3] . To model the effect of epidemic control measures, which cause the number of contacts per person per unit time to decrease as the epidemic progresses, we describe the infection rate by the function The optimization of parameters to describe the outbreak of COVID-19 in Mexico were fitted by minimizing the Sum of Squared Errors (SSE), in such a way that the solutions for D(t) and R I (t) obtained by the model approximate the reported values for deaths and recovered cases, respectively, while the sum I(t) + R I (t) + D(t) approximates the cumulative number of infected cases with symptoms. abstract: We propose an SEIARD mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Mexico. We conduct a detailed analysis of this model and demonstrate its application using publicly reported data. We calculate the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) via the next-generation matrix method, and we estimate the per day infection, death and recovery rates. We calibrate the parameters of the SEIARD model to the reported data by minimizing the sum of squared errors and attempt to forecast the evolution of the outbreak until June 2020. Our results estimate that the peak of the epidemic in Mexico will be around May 2, 2020. Our model incorporates the importance of considering the aysmptomatic infected individuals, because they represent the majority of the infected population (with symptoms or not) and they could play a huge role in spreading the virus without any knowledge. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08288v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-349794-mhviub6e author: Le, Brian L. title: Transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline identifies therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-23 words: 3810.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349794-mhviub6e.txt summary: We applied a computational drug repositioning pipeline to SARS-CoV-2 differential gene expression signatures derived from publicly available data. By infecting human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 and comparing to controls, the authors generated a list of 120 differentially expressed genes. Here, we applied our existing computational drug repositioning pipeline to identify drug profiles with significantly reversed differential gene expression compared to predicted inhibitors (including one tested in Calu-3) were incubated with SARS-CoV-2 infected human embryonic kidney 293T cells overexpressing ACE2 (293T-ACE2) with viral replication determined using an immunofluorescence-based assay. In this study, we applied our drug repositioning pipeline to SARS-CoV-2 differential gene expression signatures derived from publicly available RNA-seq data ( Figure 1 ). Here, we used a transcriptomics-based drug repositioning pipeline to predict therapeutic drug hits for three different input SARS-CoV-2 signatures, each of which came from distinct human cell or tissue origins. abstract: The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged in December 2019 and has few effective treatments. We applied a computational drug repositioning pipeline to SARS-CoV-2 differential gene expression signatures derived from publicly available data. We utilized three independent published studies to acquire or generate lists of differentially expressed genes between control and SARS-CoV-2-infected samples. Using a rank-based pattern matching strategy based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic, the signatures were queried against drug profiles from Connectivity Map (CMap). We validated sixteen of our top predicted hits in live SARS-CoV-2 antiviral assays in either Calu-3 or 293T-ACE2 cells. Validation experiments in human cell lines showed that 11 of the 16 compounds tested to date (including clofazimine, haloperidol and others) had measurable antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. These initial results are encouraging as we continue to work towards a further analysis of these predicted drugs as potential therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.23.352666 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.23.352666 id: cord-314921-u74jut63 author: LeVine, Shankar title: Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan date: 2020-04-20 words: 1730.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314921-u74jut63.txt summary: The patient''s swab reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test for COVID-19 was confirmed positive at midnight, and by morning, the Ministry of Health had traced approximately 90 contacts from the healthcare sector and hotel and restaurant staff; based on their degree of exposure, the patient contacts were instructed to either home quarantine or present to a quarantine facility. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread to new countries, some aspects pertaining to the patient''s presentation, interventions to provide patient care, and the country''s measures of containment in response to this first case in Bhutan may be of broad interest. 6 The patient''s presentation did not fall into the case definition for COVID-19 that Bhutan was using at that time, which was limited to fever and respiratory symptoms. The public health strategies initiated by Bhutan''s Ministry of Health and government are beyond the scope of this case report, but the immediate steps pertaining to the patient''s contacts and medical staff caring for the patient are of interest. abstract: The initial cases of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in a country are of utmost importance given their impact on healthcare providers, the country’s preparedness response, and the initial molding of the public perception toward this pandemic. In Bhutan, the index case was a 76-year-old immunocompromised man who had traveled from the United States and entered Bhutan as a tourist. He presented initially with vague gastrointerestinal symptoms and later a cough. His atypical presentation led to a delay in diagnosis, but ultimately he was isolated and tested. On confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient was isolated in a separate hospital with a dedicated medical care team. All contacts were traced and quarantined. The patient’s respiratory status deteriorated despite broad-spectrum antivirals, antibiotics, and intensive supportive care. He required intubation and was given a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin to modulate his likely aberrant immune response. Subsequently, the patient’s clinical status improved, and after 8 days of hospitalization, he was transferred out of the country, where he recovered. This was a learning experience for the treating medical staff, the government, and the people of Bhutan. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314685/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0259 id: cord-035038-iefkv5g7 author: Leal Filho, Walter title: COVID-19: the impact of a global crisis on sustainable development research date: 2020-11-09 words: 7323.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035038-iefkv5g7.txt summary: Therefore, this article analyses to what extent COVID-19 as a whole and the blockade in particular have influenced sustainability research, and it describes the action paths that researchers around the world identify for overcoming the experienced challenges and the measures that can be implemented in the future based on existing technologies. Similarly, the provision of knowledge and science in understanding disaster and health-related emergency risks, as part of the sustainability research on current strategies for disaster resilience as outlined in the SENDAI Framework, can contribute to responses to COVID-19 (Djalante et al. These questions gathered relevant information on aspects such as respondents'' backgrounds, the impact of the lockdown on their work in terms of distance learning, workload and challenges faced, as well as future projections regarding the COVID-19 crisis influence on research. abstract: The crisis caused by COVID-19 has affected research in a variety of ways. As far as research on sustainable development is concerned, the lockdown has significantly disrupted the usual communication channels and, among other things, has led to the cancellation of meetings and long-planned events. It has also led to delay in the delivery of research projects. There is a gap in the literature in regards to how a global crisis influences sustainability research. Therefore, this ground-breaking paper undertakes an analysis of the extent to which COVID-19 as a whole, and the lockdown in particular, has influenced sustainability research, and it outlines the solutions pursued by researchers around the world to overcome the many challenges they have experienced. This paper also outlines some measures that may be implemented in the future to take more advantage of existing technologies that support research on sustainable development. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11625-020-00866-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649899/ doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00866-y id: cord-297210-b8bl5vq5 author: Leask, Andrew title: COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer? date: 2020-05-13 words: 482.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297210-b8bl5vq5.txt summary: Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disease that is characterized by rapid onset fibrosis. Moreover, the authors reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was cormorbid with COVID-19 (p = 0.056). Levels of interleukin (IL)-6, a proinflammatory cytokine linked with connective tissue disorders including fibrosis, were significantly higher in patients who died, and appeared to increase with disease progression. These data strongly imply that not only is pulmonary fibrosis a comorbidity for COVID-19, but that it may be the cause of mortality for COVID-19. In any event, these data strongly support the contention that development of anti-fibrotic agents is imperative not only to affect diseases such as scleroderma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Duchenne''s muscular dystrophy and metastatic cancers, but is also necessary to treat COVID-19. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study abstract: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. A recent report in Lancet examined, retrospectively, 137 patients with COVD-19. Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data have obvious implications for how to control mortality in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-020-00569-0 doi: 10.1007/s12079-020-00569-0 id: cord-324557-4u8dja0n author: Leblanc, Jean‐François title: Risk of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 by Transfusion: A Literature Review date: 2020-08-15 words: 3044.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324557-4u8dja0n.txt summary: Complementary searches have identified reports demonstrating that the correlation between the presence of viral RNA in a biological sample and infectivity requires a minimal RNA load, which is rarely, if at all observed, in blood components. More specifically, PubMed was interrogated with a series of queries aimed at identifying references that relate to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and the detection of viral genomic material in blood, plasma, or serum. From this screen, 23 references reporting any data or stating any information on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic material in human blood, plasma, or serum, were selected ( Table 2) . An exhaustive search strategy led to the identification of 23 references reporting data on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic material in blood components (Table 2) . abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel human coronavirus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The emergence of this virus in Wuhan (China) at the end of 2019, and its worldwide spread to reach the pandemic stage, has raised concerns about the possible risk that it might be transmissible by transfusion. This theoretical risk is further supported by reports of the detection of viral RNA in the blood of some infected individuals. To further address this risk, a thorough PubMed literature search was performed to systematically identify studies reporting data on the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in blood or its components. Complementary searches were done to identify articles reporting data on the in vitro infectivity of blood components. At least 23 articles presenting data on the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in blood, plasma, or serum were identified. Of these, three studies reported on blood donors with COVID‐19 infection identified post‐donation, and no cases of transfusion transmission were identified. A few studies mentioned results of in vitro infectivity assays of blood components in permissive cell lines, none of which were able to detect infectious virus in blood or its components. Complementary searches have identified reports demonstrating that the correlation between the presence of viral RNA in a biological sample and infectivity requires a minimal RNA load, which is rarely, if at all observed, in blood components. Overall, the available evidence suggests that the risk of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 by transfusion remains theoretical. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.16056 doi: 10.1111/trf.16056 id: cord-336039-s2alwzov author: Lebrasseur, Audrey title: Impact of COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities: A rapid review date: 2020-11-01 words: 6133.0 sentences: 528.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336039-s2alwzov.txt summary: The objective of this paper was to review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated 228 isolation and protective measures on people with physical disabilities. Multiple studies have been 229 conducted since the start of this global pandemic, with more than 40 000 papers resulting from 230 people with visual and hearing impairments, may be less susceptible to medical complications 254 due to COVID-19 than people with neurological disabilities. Another limitation of this review is the lengthy 323 publishing process of some journals, which might result in a lack of studies about the impact of 324 COVID-19 on people with physical disabilities in the short term. Our review also underlines the lack of research about the impacts of the 336 COVID-19 pandemic on people with physical disabilities, a population that is too often forgotten 337 in governmental decisions 62 and that should be included in future crisis strategies and response 338 planning 63 . abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in the lives of the general population. People with physical disabilities, who commonly encounter daily challenges such as barriers to community mobility, reduced access to healthcare services and higher risk of suffering from depression, may face additional challenges in the context of the pandemic OBJECTIVE: This study aims to review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated isolation and protective measures, among people with physical disabilities METHODS: A rapid review of the published literature was conducted on August 10, 2020 through a search in six online databases to synthesize results from original studies regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with physical disabilities. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used to describe the population and the personal and environmental factors with a unified and standard health language RESULTS: Eleven records were extracted from 1621 individual papers retrieved from the search strategy. Various impacts on daily functioning such as a decrease in access to healthcare have been noted during the pandemic. Changes in social and lifestyle habits, mood changes and decreased levels of physical activity were also noted CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlighted the lack of early research about the impacts of COVID-19 experienced by people with physical disabilities. Future studies should focus on specific consequences and needs of this vulnerable population to ensure their inclusion in public health recommendations and consideration by policy makers. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014 doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101014 id: cord-256565-59bnifxm author: Lebwohl, Mark title: Reply to: “COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution” date: 2020-04-10 words: 502.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256565-59bnifxm.txt summary: title: Reply to: "COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution" Reply to: ''''COVID-19, syphilis, and biologic therapies for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: A word of caution'''' To the Editor: We thank Dr Kansal 1 from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences for her pertinent comments in response to our publication on the use of biologic agents for psoriasis patients in the current COVID-19 pandemic. To be clear, we cannot know the long-term impact of biologic agents on patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 until more time passes and we have more data. For now, the most medical organizations, including the American Academy of Dermatology, the National Psoriasis Foundation, and the International Eczema Council, among others, have advocated not discontinuing biologics in patients who are not infected. Of course, these agents should be discontinued in patients with active infection. COVID-19, syphilis and biologic therapies for psoriasis andpsoriatic arthritis: a word of caution abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283232/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.103 id: cord-272295-9sonr8or author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Objective Olfactory Findings in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-31 words: 1691.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272295-9sonr8or.txt summary: Objective: We investigate the prevalence of the self-reported and objective sudden loss of smell (SLS) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Potential associations between olfactory evaluation and the clinical outcomes (duration of hospitalization; admission biology; one month serology (IgG), and chest computed tomography findings) were studied. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of self-reported and objective SLS in severe COVID-19 patients. Irrespective of the method used to evaluate the prevalence of SLS (patient-reported outcome questionnaire versus objective tests), these data indicate that SLS could be more prevalent in mild-to-moderate forms of the infection. According to a previous study conducted in the same population and with the same methods, self-reported SLS concerned more than 70% of mild COVID-19 patients, and among them, sixty-two percent had abnormal objective evaluations [3] . Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID-19 patients abstract: Objective: We investigate the prevalence of the self-reported and objective sudden loss of smell (SLS) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Severe COVID-19 patients with self-reported SLS were recruited at hospitalization discharge. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) was used to evaluate rhinological complaints. Subjective olfactory and gustatory functions were assessed with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES). Objective SLS was evaluated using psychophysical tests. Potential associations between olfactory evaluation and the clinical outcomes (duration of hospitalization; admission biology; one month serology (IgG), and chest computed tomography findings) were studied. Results: Forty-seven patients completed the study (25 females). Subjectively, eighteen (38.3%) individuals self-reported subjective partial or total SLS. Among them, only three and four were anosmic and hyposmic, respectively (38.9%). Considering the objective evaluation in the entire cohort, the prevalence of SLS was 21.3%. Elderly patients and those with diabetes had lower objective olfactory evaluation results than young and non-diabetic individuals. Conclusions: The prevalence of SLS in severe COVID-19 patients appears to be lower than previously estimated in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 forms. Future comparative studies are needed to explore the predictive value of SLS for COVID-19 severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32752123/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9080627 id: cord-287094-73o7xxgt author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: In Reference to Anosmia and Ageusia: Common Findings in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 words: 591.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287094-73o7xxgt.txt summary: 1 The authors observed that 19.4% of paucisymptomatic COVID-19 patients have fever, anosmia, and ageusia, which was previously reported in only 1 Asian study. 2 We agree about the importance to consider these symptoms in the COVID-19 infection but, regarding our European multicenter study investigating the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients, 3 we believe that the prevalence is significantly higher than reported by Vaira et al. Based on the evaluation of 417 hospitalized or confined mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients (RT-PCR+), we found that 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. 3 Based on an old publication investigating the olfactory disorder in upper respiratory viral infection, 6 authors suggested that the olfactory dysfunction may be related to direct damage by the virus on the olfactory receptors. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild to moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28841 doi: 10.1002/lary.28841 id: cord-333698-e73d9lbu author: Lechien, Jerome R. title: Features of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Patients with Dysphonia. date: 2020-06-04 words: 1768.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333698-e73d9lbu.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: To explore the prevalence of dysphonia in European patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and the clinical features of dysphonic patients. METHODS: The clinical and epidemiological data of 702 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were collected from 19 European Hospitals. The prevalence of the following symptoms was higher in dysphonic patients compared with non-dysphonic patients: cough, chest pain, sticky sputum, arthralgia, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: Dysphonia may be encountered in a quarter of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and should be considered as a symptom list of the infection. 3, 4 However, recent European epidemiological studies suggested that European mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients could present a different clinical picture than Asian. Throughout a recent epidemiological study, 7 we observed the occurrence of dysphonia in some COVID-19 patients, with a minority reporting aphonia over the clinical course of the disease. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 1,420 European Patients with mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease abstract: INTRODUCTION: To explore the prevalence of dysphonia in European patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and the clinical features of dysphonic patients. METHODS: The clinical and epidemiological data of 702 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were collected from 19 European Hospitals. The following data were extracted: age, sex, ethnicity, tobacco consumption, comorbidities, general and otolaryngological symptoms. Dysphonia and otolaryngological symptoms were self-assessed through a 4-point scale. The prevalence of dysphonia, as part of the COVID-19 symptoms, was assessed. The outcomes were compared between dysphonic and non-dysphonic patients. The association between dysphonia severity and outcomes was studied through Bayesian analysis. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were dysphonic, accounting for 26.8% of cases. Females developed more frequently dysphonia than males (p=0.022). The proportion of smokers was significantly higher in the dysphonic group (p=0.042). The prevalence of the following symptoms was higher in dysphonic patients compared with non-dysphonic patients: cough, chest pain, sticky sputum, arthralgia, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. The severity of dyspnea, dysphagia, ear pain, face pain, throat pain and nasal obstruction was higher in dysphonic group compared with non-dysphonic group. There were significant associations between the severity of dysphonia, dysphagia and cough. CONCLUSION: Dysphonia may be encountered in a quarter of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and should be considered as a symptom list of the infection. Dysphonic COVID-19 patients are more symptomatic than non-dysphonic individuals. Future studies are needed to investigate the relevance of dysphonia in the COVID-19 clinical presentation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199720301831?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.05.012 id: cord-274521-u8p5lz9o author: Lee, Abby C. title: Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation date: 2020-07-31 words: 5720.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274521-u8p5lz9o.txt summary: In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Current data indicate that patients who have cardiovascular and chronic respiratory conditions, including those caused by tobacco use, are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms and have significantly increased fatality [1] . The GSE138326 dataset, from Song et al., details gene expression in the bronchial epithelial cells of patients who smoked flavor-less and nicotine-less e-cigs vs. The GSE112073 dataset, from Corbett et al., details gene expression in bronchial cells of patients who smoked nicotine-containing e-cigs of any flavor vs. The upregulation of a significant number of inflammatory cytokines in smokers and nicotine/flavor-containing e-cig users and the association of smoking with IL-1B prompted us to examine inflammasome activation in smokers and e-cig users ( Table 2 ). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, overlaps with the ongoing epidemics of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping. However, there is scarce data relating COVID-19 risks and outcome with cigarette or e-cig use. In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. We found that smoking, but not vaping, upregulates ACE2, the cellular receptor that SARS-CoV-2 requires for infection. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Specifically, chemokines including CCL20 and CXCL8 are upregulated in smokers, and CCL5 and CCR1 are upregulated in flavor/nicotine-containing e-cig users. We also found genes implicated in inflammasomes, such as CXCL1, CXCL2, NOD2, and ASC, to be upregulated in smokers and these e-cig users. Vaping flavor and nicotine-less e-cigs, however, did not lead to significant cytokine dysregulation and inflammasome activation. Release of inflammasome products, such as IL-1B, and cytokine storms are hallmarks of COVID-19 infection, especially in severe cases. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that smoking or vaping may critically exacerbate COVID-19-related inflammation or increase susceptibility to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32752138/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21155513 id: cord-336258-dxps48bo author: Lee, Anne W.M. title: Advocacy to provide good quality oncology services during the COVID-19 pandemic – Actions at 3-Levels date: 2020-05-08 words: 2146.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336258-dxps48bo.txt summary: This review shows that it is possible to stop wide-spread infection in the country and to provide good quality oncology services even during this challenging period, through concerted efforts with well-organized actions at all levels (National/Municipal, Hospital and Department). Like all others, our hospital (an affiliated hospital of the University of Hong Kong) struggles to ensure protection of all staffs and patients from COVID-19 contraction; and our Center struggles to maintain comprehensive good quality oncology services (including radiotherapy, systemic therapy and palliative care) during this difficult period. As a designated hospital responsible for convalescent care of COVID-19 patients and screening of foreign citizens/visitors, special measures are implemented to ensure safety for all staffs and patients, while continuing to provide essential clinical services as far as we can. However, even at the most difficult period, our hospital policy is to continue clinical services for which delay may seriously affect patient survival; priority supports are hence provided for emergency treatment, oncology and obstetrics. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a devastating catastrophe to the whole world, China is the first country seriously affected. This review shows that it is possible to stop wide-spread infection in the country and to provide good quality oncology services even during this challenging period, through concerted efforts with well-organized actions at all levels (National/Municipal, Hospital and Department). The key strategies leading to successful impacts are summarized for sharing. In addition to making practice changes to cope with the adverse realities, oncologists should also work together to raise pragmatic suggestions to policy makers and be strong advocates to protect our patients from the detrimental effect of delay or compromised treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167814020302127 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.031 id: cord-271870-8v9w3sps author: Lee, David title: Testing on the Move South Korea’s rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 4567.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271870-8v9w3sps.txt summary: Mobile applications from both government agencies and private developers played an important role in guiding people to testing centers, communicating movement trajectories of confirmed cases on digital maps, and tracking the health and movements of travelers and others at risk of exposure. In this paper, we briefly outline the progression of the outbreak within South Korea, local government implementation of low-contact testing to safely and efficiently detect its spread, and nationwide contact tracing and dissemination of individual movement patterns to identify and inform the exposed members of the public. In this article, we reported on the circumstances of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea, its implementation of low-contact testing to scale up diagnostics and reduce health care worker exposure, and how mobile apps and online mapping helped to track its spread and alert the public of their risk of exposure. abstract: Abstract The emergence of COVID-19 in South Korea, and the public and private sector response to it, serves as a valuable case study for countries facing similar outbreaks. This article focuses on how Korean health officials implemented drive-through and walk-through diagnostic testing, and extensive movement and contact tracing, to identify and inform exposed members of the public. Mobile applications from both government agencies and private developers played an important role in guiding people to testing centers, communicating movement trajectories of confirmed cases on digital maps, and tracking the health and movements of travelers and others at risk of exposure. This case study illustrates the importance of rapid adaptation of transportation infrastructure and location-based information technology to respond to public health crises, and how governments can learn from experimentation and past experience to accelerate these responses. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590198220300221?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100111 id: cord-328693-xf2w570s author: Lee, Delice Weishan title: Intubation outside of the operating room: new challenges and opportunities in COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-29 words: 2444.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328693-xf2w570s.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Airway management in patients outside the operating room is associated with increased difficulties and risks, and the setting of the COVID-19 global pandemic adds another layer of complexity. Additionally, anesthesiologists working in hospitals treating many infected patients have developed specialized teams responsible for airway management outside the operating room. Airway management in patients outside the operating room is associated with increased risks and the setting of the COVID-19 global pandemic adds another layer of complexity [4] . There are recently published reports on airway management in COVID-19 proven and suspect patients within the operating room which are applicable to the nonoperating room environment, however additional measures need to be considered to reduce the risk of infection to healthcare providers and to optimize patient safety [5 && ,6 && ]. Special requirements for ETT of COVID-19 patients outside of the operating room have prompted many hospitals to create special, anesthesia-based teams responsible for airway management. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Airway management in patients outside the operating room is associated with increased difficulties and risks, and the setting of the COVID-19 global pandemic adds another layer of complexity. Therefore, endotracheal intubation (ETT) of a patient who is presumptive COVID-19 or COVID-19 positive presents an additional challenge to an anesthesiologist. The aim of this review is to summarize the important principles of airway management outside of the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS: Several professional societies have formulated guidelines on airway management COVID-19 suspect and proven patients. Additionally, anesthesiologists working in hospitals treating many infected patients have developed specialized teams responsible for airway management outside the operating room. These documents and protocols focus on the importance of wearing personal protective equipment and the skills of the providers responsible for securing the airway. Staff safety is always a priority when performing ETT outside operating room. SUMMARY: The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the management of patients requiring aerosol generating procedures (droplet and airborne precautions). ETT is one of them and anesthesiologists are experts in performing airway management. Although the operating room is a highly controlled environment, airway management outside of this setting is not always the easiest task. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000892 doi: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000892 id: cord-259288-eahhf7yh author: Lee, Elaine Y P title: COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us? date: 2020-04-30 words: 1315.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259288-eahhf7yh.txt summary: In late December, 2019, a cluster of cases of viral pneumonia was linked to a seafood market in Wuhan (Hubei, China), and was later determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV). In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Heshui Shi and colleagues 3 discuss the CT fi ndings and temporal changes of COVID-19 pneumonia with reference to the time of onset of symptoms, in the largest cohort thus far reported. [4] [5] [6] Notably, in Shi and colleagues'' study, the asymptomatic (subclinical) group of patients showed early CT changes, supporting what was fi rst observed in a familial cluster with COVID-19 pneumonia. There is more to be learnt about this novel contagious viral pneumonia; more research is needed into the correlation of CT findings with clinical severity and progression, the predictive value of baseline CT or temporal changes for disease outcome, and the sequelae of acute lung injury induced by COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1473309920301341 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30134-1 id: cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author: Lee, Hyeon-Seung title: Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date: 2020-11-13 words: 5311.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt summary: Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. The major aim of the present study was to survey mental health and social wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in South Korea where effective public health strategies and high compliance by the residents were able to successfully stop the spread of the virus. Participants were asked to respond to questions about their demographic information (age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status), 4 levels of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic from "not at all concerned" to "extremely concerned", general physical health status, mental health, loneliness and social network. Overall, these findings suggest a significant psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and social wellbeing in South Korean, with high rates of depression, anxiety, stress and psychosis-risk. abstract: South Korea was able to successfully control the spread of COVID-19 without nationwide lockdowns or drastic social distancing efforts, but pandemic-related psychological outcome of the general population remains unknown. Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. Clinical levels of depression, anxiety or stress were reported by 45% of the respondents, and psychosis-risk was present in 12.8%; a drastic increase above the base rate reported by previous studies conducted in South Korea prior to the pandemic. Subjective feelings of loneliness, but not the size of the social network accounted for poor mental health. Women were especially at increased risk for mental health problems. Thus, despite effective mitigation of the pandemic, there was a striking deterioration of mental health. As the psychological burden of the continuing pandemic accrues, the probability of an impending mental health crisis is increasing, especially in countries with greater infection and death rates than South Korea. Comprehensive efforts to address the psychological aftermath of the pandemic are urgently needed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120332315 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113570 id: cord-351129-lzzyn570 author: Lee, Jae-Hyun title: Management of Allergic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia date: 2020-06-15 words: 3416.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351129-lzzyn570.txt summary: For allergic patients who have been followed up at an allergy clinic in our region, it is recommended that they (patients with asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria) continue to receive maintenance therapy and be in a well-controlled status. It was reported that none of the 140 patients who were hospitalized due to confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China had asthma or other allergic diseases such as AR, atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) mentioned that patients with common allergic conditions do not develop additional distinct symptoms or seem to be at increased risk of severe disease when infected with COVID-19. abstract: Although a viral infection is a major triggering factor of asthma and allergic diseases, asthma is suggested to be not a predisposing condition for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, patients with severe asthma/allergic disease requiring systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents may be at higher risk of more severe clinical course of this infectious disease. For allergic patients who have been followed up at an allergy clinic in our region, it is recommended that they (patients with asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria) continue to receive maintenance therapy and be in a well-controlled status. Patients who have used biologics (currently available for targeting type 2 inflammation) and allergen immunotherapy should continue the treatment while minimizing hospital and face-to-face visits. It is essential to wear protective equipment for the protection of health care workers as well as patients. We report this consensus to support allergists and clinical immunologists to make optimal decisions under the urgent situation in Asia. url: https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.783 doi: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.783 id: cord-257361-7q0vbvvd author: Lee, James S. title: Critical care for COVID-19 during a humanitarian crisis—lessons learnt from Yemen date: 2020-09-23 words: 1296.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257361-7q0vbvvd.txt summary: In May 2020, Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) opened three COVID-19 treatment centres (CTC) in Sanaa and Aden, Yemen [1] . MSF''s three CTCs included wards and ICUs. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) received global attention but is only the visible "tip of the iceberg" for COVID-19 care. Each ICU had contextspecific resource constraints resulting in differences in the package of care related to equipment (ultrasound), investigations (laboratory, x-ray), oxygen supply, nutrition, medications, and staff (specialist doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, logisticians). Prone positioning had never been performed locally, but successfully taught in all 3 ICUs. Teaching critical care concepts within a few days (which typically take years of training) was challenging enough, but further complexity was added by simultaneously managing patients with a new disease, where medical knowledge of COVID-19 was evolving daily. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972450/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03281-y id: cord-350379-6l55soxu author: Lee, Jenny J. title: Scientific globalism during a global crisis: research collaboration and open access publications on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 words: 6225.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350379-6l55soxu.txt summary: Thus, this study specifically focused on internationally authored scientific articles on COVID-19 published at the beginning of January 2020 to early May 2020 to observe the extent of international collaboration and open access compared with (a) the past five pre-pandemic years and (b) non-COVID-19 articles published during the same 2020 time period. This study sought to explore the nature of scientific globalism, as measured by the extent of scientific research collaboration and open-access articles on COVID-19 and how they compare to non-COVID-19 research (a) during the pandemic as well as (b) the past five pre-pandemic years. In other words countries with a higher GDP, already producing a high domestic output, which also tend to be in restricted journals, may not engage in as much scientific globalism (via international collaboration and open-access publishing) compared with their lower GDP counterparts. abstract: This study sought to understand the nature of scientific globalism during a global crisis, particularly COVID-19. Findings show that scientific globalism occurs differently when comparing COVID-19 publications with non-COVID-19 publications during as well as before the pandemic. Despite the tense geopolitical climate, countries increased their proportion of international collaboration and open-access publications during the pandemic. However, not all countries engaged more globally. Countries that have been more impacted by the crisis and those with relatively lower GDPs tended to participate more in scientific globalism than their counterparts. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0 doi: 10.1007/s10734-020-00589-0 id: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq author: Lee, Jeong Seok title: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 7099.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt summary: In a murine model of SARS-CoV infection, a delayed, but considerable type I IFN (IFN-I) response CORONAVIRUS Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 (Page numbers not final at time of first release) 2 promotes the accumulation of monocytes-macrophages and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in lethal pneumonia with vascular leakage and impaired virusspecific T-cell responses (10) . To examine the host immune responses in a cell type-specific manner, we subjected 59,572 cells to t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) based on highly variable genes using the Seurat package (17) and identified 22 different clusters unbiased by patients or experimental batches of scRNA-seq (Fig. 1A, Fig. S1D ). First, we combined both mild and severe COVID-19 as a COVID-19 group and identified disease-specific changes in genes for each cell type compared to the healthy donor group using model-based analysis of single cell transcriptomics (MAST) (18) . abstract: Although most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some patients suffer from severe COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation. To identify factors driving severe progression of COVID-19, we performed single-cell RNA-seq using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors, patients with mild or severe COVID-19, and patients with severe influenza. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited hyper-inflammatory signatures across all types of cells among PBMCs, particularly up-regulation of the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammatory response as compared to severe influenza. In classical monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19, type I IFN response co-existed with the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammation, and this was not seen in patients with milder COVID-19. Interestingly, we documented type I IFN-driven inflammatory features in patients with severe influenza as well. Based on this, we propose that the type I IFN response plays a pivotal role in exacerbating inflammation in severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554 doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554 id: cord-333928-boq65pci author: Lee, Jia‐Jung title: Review of the present features and the infection control challenges of COVID‐19 pandemic in dialysis facilities date: 2020-06-03 words: 1725.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333928-boq65pci.txt summary: Taiwan has 429 COVID-19 confirmed cases with clinical presentation including 298 (69.6%) cases of mild disease, 95 (22.2%) cases of pneumonia, 35 (8.2%) cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six deaths (1.4%). Accordingly, this interim summary is not a comprehensive review but aims to update present clinical information and infection control strategies currently focusing on COVID-19 control in dialysis facilities. In the first case series reported in the United States, in the presentation and outcome of 21 critically ill patients, the majority was linked to exposure at a skilled nursing facility. 10 One large, retrospective case series of 1591 COVID-19-positive cases who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Lombardy Region of Italy showed similar presentation and patient outcomes. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: An analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China abstract: The COVID‐19 has swept the world causing suffering, death, loss, and massive economy damage. The dialysis population is vulnerable and the dialysis facility is critical in maintaining operations and avoiding disease transmission. The present information regarding the clinical features of COVID‐19 infection in the dialysis population was collected, and the useful measures of COVID‐19 infection prevention and infection control in the dialysis facilities were summarized. Leadership, education, preparedness, management, and recovery phase were determined to be the critical procedures. It is hoped this updated interim review might provide information for medical professionals to take proactive action to best prepare and mitigate damage when facing the COVID‐19 pandemic challenge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492290/ doi: 10.1002/kjm2.12239 id: cord-320022-e3ti4doi author: Lee, Jin title: Do We Really Need to Isolate All Children with COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities? date: 2020-07-22 words: 1367.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320022-e3ti4doi.txt summary: While such methods are being enforced for strict infection control at the national level in response to COVID-19, most countries-including the United States and many in Europeallow people who are asymptomatic or those with mild symptoms be placed under selfisolation for at-home treatment ( Table 1) . With respect to the recently updated Korean isolation release criteria, 4,5 asymptomatic cases can be released from isolation if they 1) develop no clinical symptoms for 10 days after being confirmed, OR 2) receive two consecutive negative PCR test results taken at least 24 hours 2/4 https://jkms.org https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 For symptomatic patients: 10 days after symptom onset, plus at least 3 days without symptoms (without fever and respiratory symptoms). The decision of location should be made on a case-bycase basis and will depend on the clinical presentation, requirement for supportive care, potential risk factors for severe disease, and conditions at home, including the presence of vulnerable persons in the household. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 id: cord-275264-bdtet83d author: Lee, Jong-Koo title: We Cannot Go Back to the Old World, Before Global Pandemic Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Developing New Normal Practices in Society date: 2020-08-17 words: 663.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275264-bdtet83d.txt summary: COVID-19 spread to Korea within 2 weeks, and during the quarantine process on January 20 th , the first patient was identified. In the public health weekly report, over 90% of patients with COVID-19 did not need intubation with oxygen, and the spread between families was about 6 times higher than the spread among non-family members [1] . Therefore, whether or not China''s Wuhan fish market is the main area is still controversial, but is believed to be spread However, currently there''s no silver bullet and there may never be one, so for now, stopping COVID-19 outbreaks comes down to the basics of public health and disease control [4] . In many countries, essential services have been damaged due to paralysis of transportation facilities, closure of medical institutions, and a reduction in the number of individuals using these facilities due to COVID-19 lockdown. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864303/ doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.01 id: cord-273477-ifhgbm2e author: Lee, Joon Kee title: Wearing face masks regardless of symptoms is crucial for preventing the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals date: 2020-05-06 words: 829.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273477-ifhgbm2e.txt summary: 4, 5 In addition to the use of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers (HCWs), ensuring that all visiting patients and guardians wear face masks and adhere to strict hand hygiene protocols is crucial. Here, we share our experience in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within a hospital through strict monitoring at the hospital entrance by ensuring that all visitors wear face masks and practice strict hand hygiene. These measures include reducing the number of unnecessary access points, checking the body temperatures of visitors using a thermal camera, and ensuring that all visitors and employees adhere to hand hygiene protocols and wear face masks, regardless of symptoms. 8 To prevent hospital spread of COVID-19, hospital entrance control, wearing of face masks, and strict hand hygiene protocols appear to be effective. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings Infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.202 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.202 id: cord-263664-isgcm4lj author: Lee, Justin title: Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. date: 2020-07-22 words: 340.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263664-isgcm4lj.txt summary: title: Male Balding is a Major Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19. Descriptive frequencies for COVID-19 results, balding patterns, age, and BMI are reported in Our study compared a large sample of hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients to a control group of hospitalized COVID-19 negative patients and thus builds upon and supports the observations of Wambier 1 and coauthors. While the exact mechanism remains unknown, severe androgenic alopecia seems to be associated with hospitalization for COVID-19. The large effect of baldness on the risk of COVID-19 suggests that the presence of severe baldness may help clinicians and public health authorities identify and protect those at greatest risk. Descriptive frequencies for COVID-19 testing results, balding patterns, age, and BMI. A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Spain -A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962220322623?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.062 id: cord-287742-y1j9x5ne author: Lee, Kai Wei title: Stroke and Novel Coronavirus Infection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-06 words: 6545.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287742-y1j9x5ne.txt summary: Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. We, therefore, performed a systematic review and metaanalysis involving the epidemiological, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and laboratory finding related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. The following data were extracted from every study: the last name of the first author, year of publication, country, severity status, study design, patient characteristics (ethnicity composition, gender, and mean age), comorbidities (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, previous stroke, chronic kidney disease/end-stage renal disease, number of stroke patients per overall participants, any information relevant to strokes such as the location of stroke [arterial or venous]), types of stroke (ischemic or haemorrhagic), classification of stroke, mortality rate, and blood parameters. The aim of this current study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the epidemiological, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and laboratory findings related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. abstract: Background: As the world witnessed the devastation caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, a growing body of literature on COVID-19 is also becoming increasingly available. Stroke has increasingly been reported as a complication of COVID-19 infection. However, a systematic synthesis of the available data has not been conducted. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data related to both stroke and COVID-19 infection. Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed for studies related to stroke and COVID-19 from inception up to June 4, 2020. We selected cohort studies, case series, and case reports that reported the occurrence of stroke in COVID-19 patients. A fixed-effects model was used to estimate the pooled frequency of stroke in COVID-19 patients with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review and seven studies for the meta-analysis. The pooled frequency of stroke in COVID-19 patients was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8, 1.3). The heterogeneity was low (I(2) = 0.0%). Even though the frequency of stroke among patients having COVID-19 infection was low, those with concomitant COVID-19 infection and stroke suffered from a more severe infection and eventually had a poorer prognosis with a higher mortality rate (46.7%) than COVID-19 alone. Many COVID-19 patients shared the common traditional risk factors for stroke. We noted that ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation with large vessels occlusion is the most common type of stroke with more strokes seen in multi-territorial regions, suggesting systemic thromboembolism. An elevated level of D-dimers, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactic acid dehydrogenase, troponin, ESR, fibrinogen, and a positive antiphospholipid antibody were also noted in this review. Conclusions: The occurrence of stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection is uncommon, but it may pose as an important prognostic marker and indicator of severity of infection, by causing large vessels occlusion and exhibiting a thrombo-inflammatory vascular picture. Physicians should be made aware and remain vigilant on the possible two-way relationship between stroke and COVID-19 infection. The rate of stroke among patients with COVID-19 infection may increase in the future as they share the common risk factors. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.579070 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.579070 id: cord-355603-j811a48x author: Lee, KarlaA. title: Cancer and Risk of COVID‐19 Through a General Community Survey date: 2020-08-26 words: 1482.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355603-j811a48x.txt summary: Among patients with cancer, current treatment with chemotherapy or immunotherapy was associated with a 2.2‐fold increased risk of a positive test. Through a large community-based survey, we sought to determine whether incidence of infection, including milder disease with more limited symptoms, is higher in individuals with cancer, including those on chemotherapy/immunotherapy. We separately analyzed the risk associated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy for a positive COVID-19 test among individuals with cancer. We also thank the investigators of the cohort studies enrolled in the COPE Consortium; the MGH Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit Clinical Research Coordination team; Sophie Papa, Paul Nathan, and Heather Shaw for development of cancer-related questions; the staff of Zoe Global Ltd for providing technical support for the app; and Stand Up to Cancer for their assistance in media and social media outreach. abstract: Individuals with cancer may be at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and adverse outcomes. However, evidence from large population‐based studies examining whether cancer and cancer‐related therapy exacerbates the risk of COVID‐19 infection is still limited. Data were collected from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application since March 29 through May 8, 2020. Among 23,266 participants with cancer and 1,784,293 without cancer, we documented 10,404 reports of a positive COVID‐19 test. Compared with participants without cancer, those living with cancer had a 60% increased risk of a positive COVID‐19 test. Among patients with cancer, current treatment with chemotherapy or immunotherapy was associated with a 2.2‐fold increased risk of a positive test. The association between cancer and COVID‐19 infection was stronger among participants >65 years and males. Future studies are needed to identify subgroups by tumor types and treatment regimens who are particularly at risk for COVID‐19 infection and adverse outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845538/ doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0572 id: cord-301628-m4zfib3f author: Lee, Kwan Yong title: Consensus statement on coronary intervention during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic: from the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-07-01 words: 2850.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301628-m4zfib3f.txt summary: For example, in the case of emergency diseases such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), efforts to reduce the risks to patients through rapid treatment can lead to an increase in the risk of infection of medical staff. • Disinfection procedures should be performed by staff wearing Level D PPE after the patient has left the Cath Lab. In cases of suspected patients or PUI, the disinfection methods can be modified after the screening test result is known. It is necessary to consider treatment strategies including emergency coronary interventions for patients with myocardial infarction accompanying suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection [6] [7] [8] . When an NSTEMI patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection must visit the Cath Lab, pre-and post-procedure isolation and tests for the virus are accomplished as for STEMI patients, as described above. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The first case developed in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China; several months later, COVID-19 has become pandemic, and there is no end in sight. This disaster is also causing serious health problems in the area of cardiovascular intervention. In response, the Korean Society of Interventional Cardiology formed a COVID-19 task force to develop practice guidelines. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within facilities; the guidelines were developed to protect patients and healthcare workers from this highly contagious virus. We hope these guidelines help healthcare workers and cardiovascular disease patients around the world cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2020.290 doi: 10.3904/kjim.2020.290 id: cord-333183-xyuj1j57 author: Lee, Lennard Y W title: COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-05-28 words: 4494.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333183-xyuj1j57.txt summary: After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1·18 [0·81–1·72]; p=0·380). We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. Evidence before this study We searched PubMed for all studies related to the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of COVID-19, on patients with cancer, using the search terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "cancer", "treatment", "chemotherapy", "immunotherapy", "radiotherapy", "targeted therapy", "outcomes," "death", "mortality", and "risk". Therefore, we did a multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities and found that deaths in patients with COVID-19 who have cancer who had received recent chemotherapy were still no more likely than in those who had not (table 3) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with cancer, particularly those who are receiving systemic anticancer treatments, have been postulated to be at increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. This conjecture has considerable effect on the treatment of patients with cancer and data from large, multicentre studies to support this assumption are scarce because of the contingencies of the pandemic. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, all patients with active cancer and presenting to our network of cancer centres were eligible for enrolment into the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP). The UKCCMP is the first COVID-19 clinical registry that enables near real-time reports to frontline doctors about the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Eligible patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on RT-PCR assay from a nose or throat swab. We excluded patients with a radiological or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, without a positive RT-PCR test. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, or discharge from hospital, as assessed by the reporting sites during the patient hospital admission. FINDINGS: From March 18, to April 26, 2020, we analysed 800 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and symptomatic COVID-19. 412 (52%) patients had a mild COVID-19 disease course. 226 (28%) patients died and risk of death was significantly associated with advancing patient age (odds ratio 9·42 [95% CI 6·56–10·02]; p<0·0001), being male (1·67 [1·19–2·34]; p=0·003), and the presence of other comorbidities such as hypertension (1·95 [1·36–2·80]; p<0·001) and cardiovascular disease (2·32 [1·47–3·64]). 281 (35%) patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks before testing positive for COVID-19. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1·18 [0·81–1·72]; p=0·380). We found no significant effect on mortality for patients with immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy use within the past 4 weeks. INTERPRETATION: Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients appears to be principally driven by age, gender, and comorbidities. We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. FUNDING: University of Birmingham, University of Oxford. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32473682/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31173-9 id: cord-343797-kpmz5kwg author: Lee, Martin Beng‐Huat title: GOING TO WAR ON COVID19: MOBILIZING AN ACADEMIC NEPHROLOGY GROUP PRACTICE date: 2020-07-04 words: 2875.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343797-kpmz5kwg.txt summary: Here, we describe the specific measures that our division has taken in the hope that our experience in Singapore may be helpful to others METHODS: Descriptive narrative RESULTS: A compilation of operational responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic taken by a nephrology division at a Singapore university hospital CONCLUSION: Nephrology operational readiness for COVID‐19 requires a clinical mindset shift from usual standard of care to a crisis exigency model that targets best outcomes for available resources. Therefore, our doctors had a low threshold for screening for COVID-19 disease in CKD and ESKD patients admitted for fluid overload, respiratory, and non-respiratory symptoms 8 , in order to identify COVID-19 cases for immediate isolation to prevent infection within the hospital and its inpatient dialysis centre. For PD inpatients who are in isolation for suspected or confirmed COVID-19, we will preferentially do automated PD (APD) instead of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) in order to reduce patient contact and infection risk to PD nurses, and halve the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). abstract: AIMS: The COVID‐19 pandemic poses unprecedented operational challenges to nephrology divisions in every country as they cope with COVID‐19‐related kidney disease in addition to regular patient care. Although general approaches have been proposed, there is a lack of practical guidance for nephrology division response in a hospital facing a surge of cases. Here, we describe the specific measures that our division has taken in the hope that our experience in Singapore may be helpful to others METHODS: Descriptive narrative RESULTS: A compilation of operational responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic taken by a nephrology division at a Singapore university hospital CONCLUSION: Nephrology operational readiness for COVID‐19 requires a clinical mindset shift from usual standard of care to a crisis exigency model that targets best outcomes for available resources. Rapid multi‐disciplinary efforts that evolve flexibly with the local dynamics of the outbreak are required. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621527/ doi: 10.1111/nep.13753 id: cord-168579-w2lsg7go author: Lee, Minha title: Human Mobility Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-05-04 words: 3907.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt txt: ./txt/cord-168579-w2lsg7go.txt summary: We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. We explore the mobility variations regarding the COVID-19 progression and government stay-at-home orders by applying the metrics that are closely related to social distancing. Then the statewide trend analysis further evaluates the public reaction stability based on one measure, the percentage of people staying home, which we believe to have a high correlation with social distancing. In order to provide an integrated perspective on public reactions related to the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical interventions, we examine the day-by-day mobility variations across the U.S. by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. abstract: In March of this year, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic and it continues to threaten public health. This global health crisis imposes limitations on daily movements, which have deteriorated every sector in our society. Understanding public reactions to the virus and the non-pharmaceutical interventions should be of great help to fight COVID-19 in a strategic way. We aim to provide tangible evidence of the human mobility trends by comparing the day-by-day variations across the U.S. Large-scale public mobility at an aggregated level is observed by leveraging mobile device location data and the measures related to social distancing. Our study captures spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as the sociodemographic variations regarding the pandemic propagation and the non-pharmaceutical interventions. All mobility metrics adapted capture decreased public movements after the national emergency declaration. The population staying home has increased in all states and becomes more stable after the stay-at-home order with a smaller range of fluctuation. There exists overall mobility heterogeneity between the income or population density groups. The public had been taking active responses, voluntarily staying home more, to the in-state confirmed cases while the stay-at-home orders stabilize the variations. The study suggests that the public mobility trends conform with the government message urging to stay home. We anticipate our data-driven analysis offers integrated perspectives and serves as evidence to raise public awareness and, consequently, reinforce the importance of social distancing while assisting policymakers. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.01215v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-133998-yni5wnwq author: Lee, Myeong title: Human Mobility during COVID-19 in the Context of Mild Social Distancing: Implications for Technological Interventions date: 2020-06-28 words: 11812.0 sentences: 605.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-133998-yni5wnwq.txt summary: To understand the role of socio-political context during the COVID-19 outbreak, we study the human mobility change between December in 2019 and May in 2020 in a metropolitan city in South Korea, where social distancing was encouraged but not implemented in the form of strong travel restrictions or stay-at-home orders. From a scientific point of view, the context of mild social distancing in South Korea provides opportunities to understand: (1) how human mobility manifests based on people''s prevention behaviors and perceptions, rather than by the government''s policies and administrative enforcement, (2) how social determinants of health outcomes such as demographic and socio-economic features shape people''s mobility, (3) how mobility changes when the infection rate is decreasing (i.e., during a releasing period), and (4) what the mobility changes during special occasions such as the national election look like during the pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought both tangible and intangible damage to our society. Many researchers studied about its societal impacts in the countries that had implemented strong social distancing measures such as stay-at-home orders. Among them, human mobility has been studied extensively due to its importance in flattening the curve. However, mobility has not been actively studied in the context of mild social distancing. Insufficient understanding of human mobility in diverse contexts might provide limited implications for any technological interventions to alleviate the situation. To this end, we collected a dataset consisting of more than 1M daily smart device users in the third-largest city of South Korea, which has implemented mild social distancing policies. We analyze how COVID-19 shaped human mobility in the city from geographical, socio-economic, and socio-political perspectives. We also examine mobility changes for points of interest and special occasions such as transportation stations and the case of legislative elections. We identify a typology of populations through these analyses as a means to provide design implications for technological interventions. This paper contributes to social sciences through in-depth analyses of human mobility and to the CSCW community with new design challenges and potential implications. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.16965v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-326851-0jxdnm1l author: Lee, Sang M. title: Lessons Learned from Battling COVID-19: The Korean Experience date: 2020-10-16 words: 9665.0 sentences: 461.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326851-0jxdnm1l.txt summary: Results: Korea''s success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens'' community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. More specifically, this study has the following objectives: (1) To analyze Korean experiences with cases where healthcare facilities failed to prevent previous infectious diseases from spreading, and how these failures served the government in devising effective approaches to encounter the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) To dissect cases that showed innovative and successful response measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) To elaborate on suggestions for crisis management based on the lessons learned from these COVID-19 response cases in Korea. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the world like a gigantic tsunami, turning social and economic activities upside down. Methods: This paper presents some of the innovative response strategies implemented by the public health system, healthcare facilities, and government in South Korea, which has been hailed as the model country for its success in containing COVID-19. Korea reinvented its public health infrastructure with a sense of urgency. Results: Korea’s success rests on its readiness, with the capacity for massive testing and obtaining prompt test results, effective contact tracing based on its world-leading mobile technologies, timely provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to first responders, effective treatment of infected patients, and invoking citizens’ community and civic conscience for the shared goal of defeating the pandemic. The lessons learned from Korea’s response in countering the onslaught of COVID-19 provide unique implications for public healthcare administrators and operations management practitioners. Conclusion: Since many epidemic experts warn of a second wave of COVID-19, the lessons learned from the first wave will be a valuable resource for responding to the resurgence of the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207548 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207548 id: cord-290590-cmmkfokm author: Lee, Se Yoon title: Estimation of COVID-19 spread curves integrating global data and borrowing information date: 2020-04-29 words: 7004.0 sentences: 520.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290590-cmmkfokm.txt summary: Scientists are working on estimating or predicting infection trajectory for the COVID-19 confirmed cases, which will be useful for future planning and policymaking to effectively cope with the disease. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates global data to estimate COVID-19 infection trajectories. The novelties of our method are as follows: we (i) use a flexible hierarchical growth curve model to global COVID-19 data, (ii) integrate information from multiple countries for estimation and prediction purposes, (iii) adjust for country-specific covariates, and (iv) perform covariate selection to identify the important reasons to explain the differences among the country-wise infection trajectories. In this context, each of the curve parameters can be interpreted as follows: θ 1 is the maximum cumulative number of infected cases across the times; θ 2 is the growth rate of the trajectory at the inflection time point; abstract: Currently, novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a big threat to global health. Rapid spread of the virus has created pandemic, and countries all over the world are struggling with a surge in COVID-19 infected cases. Scientists are working on estimating or predicting infection trajectory for the COVID-19 confirmed cases, which will be useful for future planning and policymaking to effectively cope with the disease. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent or treat COVID-19 (on April 13, 2020): information on the disease is very limited and scattered even if it exists. This motivates the use of data integration, combining data from diverse sources and eliciting useful information with a unified view of them. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates global data to estimate COVID-19 infection trajectories. Due to information borrowing across multiple countries, the proposed growth curve models provide a powerful predictive tool endowed with uncertainty quantification. They outperform the existing individual country-based models. Additionally, we use countrywide covariates to adjust infection trajectories. A joint variable selection technique has been integrated into the proposed modeling scheme, which aimed to identify the possible country-level risk factors for severe disease due to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20077065 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20077065 id: cord-264651-cqxmpxyq author: Lee, Shawna J. title: Parenting Activities and the Transition to Home-based Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 8171.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264651-cqxmpxyq.txt summary: During previous global health crises, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza A (H1N1), research documented issues related to school closures such as conflicts between parental work responsibilities and child care needs, lack of effective communication between parents and schools, and a lack of inclusive procedures to provide students access to needed resources and services (Boon et al., 2011; Braunack-Mayer et al., 2013; O''Sullivan et al., 2009 ). To the best of our knowledge, to date there are no national estimates of how many parents were able to use online resources to provide at-home education for their children during the time period examined in the current study (April 2020). We present qualitative analyses using thematic content coding to examine parents'' responses to open-ended questions about common daily disruptions, the use of technology for children''s education, parents'' perceived changes in child behavior, and parents'' perceptions of what children need during the pandemic. abstract: This study reports on parent-child dynamics following COVID-19 related school closures, based on cross-sectional analyses of a survey that utilized a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected approximately five weeks after the World Health Organization declared that the Coronavirus was a pandemic. Participants (N = 405) were adults recruited throughout the U.S. This study examines data from parents (69% mothers and 31% fathers) with at least one child 0-12 years of age. The majority were White (71%) and 41% had at least a bachelor’s degree. 78% of parents said they were educating their child at home due to COVID-19. Most (77.1%) reported use of online tools for at-home education, including educational apps, social media, and school-provided electronic resources. More than one-third (34.7%) of parents said their child’s behavior had changed since the pandemic, including being sad, depressed, and lonely. Most parents were spending more time involved in daily caregiving of their children since COVID-19. Two out of every five parents met the PHQ-8 criteria for major depression or severe major depression (40.0%) and the GAD-7 criteria for moderate or severe anxiety (39.9%). Multivariate analyses indicated that, compared to non-depressed parents, parents who met criteria for probable major or severe depression (B = -.16, 95% CI = [-.29, -.02], p = .021) and parenting stress (B = -.37, 95% CI = [-.47, -.27], p < .001) were negatively associated with parents’ perceived preparation to educate at home. Compared to parents with minimal or mild anxiety, parents with moderate or severe anxiety reported higher child anxiety scores (B = .17, 95% CI = [.06, .28], p = .002). Parenting stress was also positively associated with higher child anxiety scores (B = .40, 95% CI = [.32, .48], p < .001). Content analyses of open-ended questions indicated that school closures were a significant disruption, followed by lack of physical activity, and social isolation. Overall, study results suggested that parents’ mental health may be an important factor linked to at-home education and child wellbeing during the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071407/ doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105585 id: cord-338024-8kq5nzv5 author: Lee, Sokbae title: Sparse HP filter: Finding kinks in the COVID-19 contact rate() date: 2020-09-26 words: 7358.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 75.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338024-8kq5nzv5.txt summary: In this paper, we estimate the time-varying COVID-19 contact rate of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. To estimate a SIR-type model, Fernández-Villaverde and Jones (2020) allowed for a time-varying contact rate to reflect behavioral and policy-induced changes associated with social distancing. To extract the time-varying signal from the noisy measurements, we consider nonparametric trend filters that produce possibly multiple kinks in β t where the kinks are induced by government policies and changes in individual behavior. To document and monitor outbreaks of COVID-19, we propose to use piecewise constant contact growth rates using the piecewise linear trend estimates from the sparse HP filter. Table 1 reports the time-varying contact growth rates in the five countries that we investigate, using the sparse HP trend estimates. We have developed a novel method to estimate the time-varying COVID-19 contact rate using data on actively infected, recovered and deceased cases. abstract: In this paper, we estimate the time-varying COVID-19 contact rate of a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model. Our measurement of the contact rate is constructed using data on actively infected, recovered and deceased cases. We propose a new trend filtering method that is a variant of the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter, constrained by the number of possible kinks. We term it the sparse HP filter and apply it to daily data from five countries: Canada, China, South Korea, the UK and the US. Our new method yields the kinks that are well aligned with actual events in each country. We find that the sparse HP filter provides a fewer kinks than the [Formula: see text] trend filter, while both methods fitting data equally well. Theoretically, we establish risk consistency of both the sparse HP and [Formula: see text] trend filters. Ultimately, we propose to use time-varying contact growth rates to document and monitor outbreaks of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.08.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.08.008 id: cord-297965-3bdv6ady author: Lee, Sun Young title: Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-12 words: 4148.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297965-3bdv6ady.txt summary: BACKGROUND: In response to the disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) established a patient facility for mild condition patients other than hospital. CONCLUSION: In the time of an infectious disease disaster, a metropolitan city can operate a temporary patient facility such as CTC to make a surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource. To respond the shortage of medical resource due to COVID-19 outbreak, the Korean government introduced a temporary patient facility called community treatment centers (CTCs). To prepare and respond second wave of COVID-19 epidemic and future emerging infectious disease disaster, analysis of operation of actual CTC and information of patient triage in the community is needed. 1,34 In a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million, through operating the two-stage surge capacity consisting of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals and CTCs, allocating scarce hospital resources to critically ill patients was possible. abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) established a patient facility for mild condition patients other than hospital. This study was conducted to investigate the operation and necessary resources of a community treatment center (CTC) operated in Seoul, a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million. METHODS: To respond COVID-19 epidemic, the SMG designated 5 municipal hospitals as dedicated COVID-19 hospitals and implemented one CTC cooperated with the Boramae Municipal Hospital for COVID-19 patients in Seoul. As a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, retrospective medical records review was conducted for patients admitted to the Seoul CTC. The admission and discharge route of CTC patients were investigated. The patient characteristics were compared according to route of discharge whether the patient was discharged to home or transferred to hospital. To report the operation of CTC, the daily mean number of tests (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and chest X-ray) and consultations by medical staffs were calculated per week. The list of frequent used medications and who used medication most frequently were investigated. RESULTS: Until May 27 when the Seoul CTC was closed, 26.5% (n = 213) of total 803 COVID-19 patients in Seoul were admitted to the CTC. It was 35.7% (n = 213) of 597 newly diagnosed patients in Seoul during the 11 weeks of operation. The median length of stay was 21 days (interquartile range, 12–29 days). A total of 191 patients (89.7%) were discharged to home after virologic remission and 22 (10.3%) were transferred to hospital for further treatment. Fifty percent of transferred patients were within a week since CTC admission. Daily 2.5–3.6 consultations by doctors or nurses and 0.4–0.9 tests were provided to one patient. The most frequently prescribed medication was symptomatic medication for COVID-19 (cough/sputum and rhinorrhea). The next ranking was psychiatric medication for sleep problem and depression/anxiety, which was prescribed more than digestive drug. CONCLUSION: In the time of an infectious disease disaster, a metropolitan city can operate a temporary patient facility such as CTC to make a surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33075858/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e367 id: cord-286525-0354438s author: Lee, Todd C. title: Tocilizumab versus the covid19 tempest: all’s well that ends well or much ado about nothing? date: 2020-09-29 words: 1440.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286525-0354438s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286525-0354438s.txt summary: One of the unexpected findings from this study was an observed lack of benefit from steroids in contrast to the RECOVERY randomized controlled trial results [4] or a recent meta-analysis of steroid trials in critically ill patients. The phase III COVACTA trial (NCT04317092) found tocilizumab did not reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia [11] . Similarly a large trial of sarilumab (NCT04315298) in severe and critical COVID-19 was stopped by the data safety monitoring board due to lack of benefit and a potential signal for harm in non-ventilated patients [12] and a second international trial (NCT04327388) also failed to meet its primary or key secondary outcomes [13] . Reconciling their results with those from randomized control trials raises important questions about the causal effect of the hyperinflammatory response and its role in the development of severe COVID-19. Sanofi provides update on Kevzara® (sarilumab) Phase 3 trial in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients outside the abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007475/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.033 id: cord-344572-90gqyn1q author: Lee, Whanhee title: COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase date: 2020-08-04 words: 4442.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344572-90gqyn1q.txt summary: This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase. In addition, as of 13 April, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 2.1%, suggesting a positive effect of the targeted treatment policy for severe patients and medical resources. Several international media outlets and governments have highlighted the ''aggressive testing'' strategy that Korea implemented in the early stage of the epidemic and its consequences, leading to a drastic reduction in the spread and the lower fatality rate of COVID-19. In conclusion, our study describes the epidemiological spread patterns of COVID-19 in Korea and suggests the effectiveness of intervention policies based on aggressive Table 3 Associations between medical indicators and fatality rate with the total cases at region level. abstract: BACKGROUND: South Korea experienced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the early period; thus data from this country could provide significant implications for global mitigation strategies. This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase. METHODS: We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases, tests and deaths due to COVID-19 from 20 January to 13 April 2020. We estimated the spread pattern with a logistic growth model, calculated the daily reproduction number (R(t)) and examined the fatality pattern of COVID-19. RESULTS: From the start date of the epidemic in Korea (18 February 2020), the time to peak and plateau were 15.2 and 25 days, respectively. The initial R(t) was 3.9 [95% credible interval (CI) 3.7 to 4.2] and declined to <1 after 2 weeks. The initial epidemic doubling time was 3.8 days (3.4 to 4.2 days). The aggressive testing in the early days of the epidemic was associated with reduction in transmission speed of COVID-19. In addition, as of 13 April, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 2.1%, suggesting a positive effect of the targeted treatment policy for severe patients and medical resources. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide important information for establishing and revising action plans based on testing strategies and severe patient care systems, needed to address the unprecedented pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa119 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa119 id: cord-349646-imv0sc9y author: Lee, Yonghyun title: Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 words: 1569.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349646-imv0sc9y.txt summary: Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease. From March 8, 2020, DMA physicians prospectively questioned patients newly diagnosed with COVID-19 who were awaiting hospitalization or facility isolation regarding the presence of anosmia or ageusia; they also provided counseling on a daily basis for these symptoms until admission to hospitals or therapeutic living centers. abstract: Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Their prevalence was significantly more common among females and younger individuals (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Most patients with anosmia or ageusia recovered within 3 weeks. The median time to recovery was 7 days for both symptoms. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32383370/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174 id: cord-270922-7z0n78ja author: Lee, You Hyun title: Characteristics of Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu Province, Korea date: 2020-09-01 words: 2347.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270922-7z0n78ja.txt summary: No significant differences were determined in terms of positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16.9%) and the relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P > 0.05). 6 also reported conjunctivitis as an ocular finding in COVID-19 patients, demonstrating a positive correlation with higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase in Hubei, China. Blood test results indicated significantly higher values of procalcitonin, neutrophil count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase in the first-episode group compared to the relapsed group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16 .9%) and relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P = 0.18). Other factors such as age; total duration of hospitalization; gender; presence of pneumonia, diabetes, or hypertension; and other blood test results showed no significant difference between the ocular symptom-positive and -negative groups (P > 0.05). abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reportedly affected almost 23 million people, with more than 800 thousand deaths globally. There have been a few reports on the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients in China but no reports in Korea. The present study aimed to examine ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients in Korea. METHODS: COVID-19 patients admitted from March 2020 to April 2020 at Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and Keimyung University Daegu Dongsan Hospital were reviewed retrospectively for ocular manifestations. During the period of hospitalization, ocular symptoms as well as blood test results were noted and analyzed. Patients were then divided into the first-episode and relapsed group and ocular symptoms were analyzed in the groups. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients were included in this study. Among them, 71patients were in the first-episode group and 32 patients in the relapsed group. No significant differences were determined in terms of positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16.9%) and the relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P > 0.05). Symptoms of positive upper respiratory infection and lower creatine phosphokinase were determined to be related to positive ocular symptoms. Conjunctival congestion was noted in seven patients. In the subgroup analysis, the conjunctival congestion-positive patients exhibited higher positivity of upper respiratory infection symptoms (100%) as compared with those in the negative group (40%, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Positive upper respiratory infection symptoms and lower creatine phosphokinase were determined to be related to ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Among these patients, positive upper respiratory infection symptoms were associated with conjunctival congestion. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e322 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e322 id: cord-308123-eu0azqfu author: Lee, Yun Young title: Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm date: 2020-10-23 words: 5002.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308123-eu0azqfu.txt summary: title: Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm Our findings suggest that exogenously administered long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 can effectively reduce cfDNA levels and neutrophil activities and may be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for life-threatening SARS-CoV-2-mediated illnesses. We showed that an intravenous administration of DNase-1-coated polydopamine-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticulates, named long-acting DNase-1 (Scheme 1), effectively inhibited NETosis factors in blood samples of patients with COVID-19 and also improve survival in a sepsis model. We also observed markedly reduced NET levels, MPO activity, and NE levels in neutrophils of COVID-19 patients with sepsis upon treatment of the DNase-1 formulations (Fig. 4C-E) . patients with sepsis, the long-acting DNase-1 significantly reduced cfDNA levels and increased the activity of the DNase-1 ( Fig. S6A and B) . (C) NET ratio of SARS-CoV-2 Sepsis patient PBMCs was suppressed after free DNase-1 or long-acting DNase-1 treatment. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus not previously identified in humans. Globally, the number of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have risen dramatically. Currently, there are no FDA-approved antiviral drugs and there is an urgency to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis. As symptoms progress in patients with SARS-CoV-2 sepsis, elevated amounts of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are produced, which in turn induce multiple organ failure in these patients. Furthermore, plasma levels of DNase-1 are markedly reduced in SARS-CoV-2 sepsis patients. In this study, we generated recombinant DNase-1-coated polydopamine-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticulates (named long-acting DNase-1), and hypothesized that exogenous administration of long-acting DNase-1 may suppress SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and the cytokine storm. Our findings suggest that exogenously administered long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 can effectively reduce cfDNA levels and neutrophil activities and may be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for life-threatening SARS-CoV-2-mediated illnesses. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120389 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120389 id: cord-286932-2gjnpqqa author: Lee, Yung title: Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-12 words: 2957.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286932-2gjnpqqa.txt summary: title: Impact of hospital lockdown secondary to COVID-19 and past pandemics on surgical practice: A living rapid systematic review We included studies that assessed postoperative patient outcomes or protection measures for surgical personnel during epidemics. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights postoperative patient outcomes during worldwide epidemics including the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies specific safety measures to minimize infection of healthcare workers. Studies reporting outcomes of patients undergoing surgery during an epidemic-caused hospital lockdown and studies investigating the impact of lockdown on surgical HCW and surgical practice were included. 23,29,35 Fourteen studies described modifying the roles of HCW during epidemics, including formation of an "Emergency Incident Command Team" to identify and separate infected patients from other patients, allowing only essential personnel to be present during procedures, and assigning staff to conduct patient screening full-time. 21 No infections or adverse outcomes were reported for HCW during the SARS epidemics (0/128) from the included studies. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted surgical practice worldwide. There is widespread concern for surgeon and provider safety, and the implications of hospital lockdown on patient care during epidemics. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PubMed were systematically searched from database inception to July 1, 2020 and ongoing monthly surveillance will be conducted. We included studies that assessed postoperative patient outcomes or protection measures for surgical personnel during epidemics. RESULTS: We included 61 studies relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic and past epidemics. Lockdown measures were noted globally including cancellation of elective surgeries and outpatient clinics. The pooled postoperative complication rate during epidemics was 21.0% among 2095 surgeries. 31 studies followed the health of surgical workers with the majority noting no adverse outcomes with proper safety measures. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights postoperative patient outcomes during worldwide epidemics including the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies specific safety measures to minimize infection of healthcare workers. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S000296102030742X doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.11.019 id: cord-318542-785hnh19 author: Leeson, Cale E. title: Systematic Review: Safety of Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 words: 2670.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318542-785hnh19.txt summary: In this review, we aim to summarize what is known about the immunologic mechanisms of COVID-19, the current recommendations, mechanisms of action and adverse effects of intravesical BCG in bladder cancer and determine if This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Ahmed Kotb drahmedfali@gmail.com intravesical BCG is safe in patients that are suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. We reviewed relevant articles focusing on the mechanism of action of intravesical BCG and chemotherapy, including systemic outcomes and side effects from intravesical treatment, and its safety and efficacy in immunocompromised patients or those with acute immunological disorders. Search terms included "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" combined with "immune response", "intravesical BCG" combined with "bladder cancer", "urothelial carcinoma", "adverse events", "side effects", "mechanism of action", "immunocompromised" and "immunological disease". With knowledge of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the risk for severe complications such as ARDS, it is necessary to review the side effects of intravesical treatment in an attempt to determine its safety in COVID-19 and immunocompromised patients. abstract: A novel coronavirus has emerged in late 2019 capable of causing a severe respiratory disease known as COVID-19. Its pathogenesis appears to be the initiation of an immune response and resulting cytokine storm that damages the healthy lung tissue of the host. Some epidemiological studies found bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can help to decrease morbidity and mortality of the viral infection. We aim to review and summarize what is known about COVID-19 and the current implications of intravesical BCG with regard to the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838196/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00461-3 id: cord-292396-8w06oc5i author: Leger, Thomas title: Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score date: 2020-11-03 words: 3373.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292396-8w06oc5i.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to assess the ability of low-dose CT (LDCT) to determine lung involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and to describe a COVID19-LDCT severity score. The objective is to evaluate the ability of (LDCT) to analyze well-known imaging abnormalities as well as to establish a COVID19-LDCT score reflecting disease severity and correlate it with clinical risk scores to allow better selection and follow-up of patients. For each patient, the following clinical parameters were recorded: age, sex, date of first symptoms, date of chest CT scan, delay between the first symptom and chest CT scan, fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, rhinorrhea, abnormalities at lung auscultation, temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygen needed. The main findings of the presented work are that 1) LDCT scans can depict the typical features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with limited irradiation; and 2) the COVID19-LDCT score is correlated with the NEWS used routinely to assess disease severity and patient prognosis. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to assess the ability of low-dose CT (LDCT) to determine lung involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and to describe a COVID19-LDCT severity score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR were retrospectively analysed. Clinical data, the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and imaging features were recorded. Lung features included ground-glass opacities (GGO), areas of consolidation and crazy paving patterns. The COVID19-LDCT score was calculated by summing the score of each segment from 0 (no involvement) to 10 (severe impairment). Univariate analysis was performed to explore predictive factor of high COVID19-LDCT score. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups and a Spearman correlation used with p<0.05 for significance. RESULTS: Eighty patients with positive RT-PCR were analysed. The mean age was 55 years ± 16, with 42 males (53%). The most frequent symptoms were fever (60/80, 75%) and cough (59/80, 74%), the mean NEWS was 1.7±2.3. All LDCT could be analysed and 23/80 (28%) were normal. The major imaging finding was GGOs in 56 cases (67%). The COVID19-LDCT score (mean value = 19±29) was correlated with NEWS (r = 0.48, p<0.0001). No symptoms were risk factor to have pulmonary involvement. Univariate analysis shown that dyspnea, high respiratory rate, hypertension and diabetes are associated to a COVID19-LDCT score superior to 50. CONCLUSIONS: COVID19-LDCT score did correlate with NEWS. It was significantly different in the clinical low-risk and high-risk groups. Further work is needed to validate the COVID19-LDCT score against patient prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241407 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241407 id: cord-276316-7ot9ds34 author: Lei, Chunliang title: Factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-10-14 words: 2375.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276316-7ot9ds34.txt summary: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory tract, blood samples and digestive tract was detected and lymphocyte subsets were tested periodically. 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0 % (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0 % vs. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, as well as higher CD4/CD8 ratio were independent risk factors of respiratory failure and ICU admission. A total of 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 8 / 25 and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0% (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0% vs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening billions of people. We described the clinical characteristics and explore virological and immunological factors associated with clinical outcomes. METHODS: 297 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital between January 20 and February 20, 2020 were included. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory tract, blood samples and digestive tract was detected and lymphocyte subsets were tested periodically. RESULT: Among the 297 patients (median age of 48 years), 154 (51.9 %) were female, 245 (82.5 %) mild/moderate cases, and 52 (17.5 %) severe/critical cases. 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0 % (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0 % vs. 16.4 %, P < 0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio on admission was significantly higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (1.84 vs. 1.50, P = 0.022). During a median follow-up period of 17 days, 36 (12.1 %) patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), 16 (5.4 %) patients developed respiratory failure and underwent mechanical ventilation, four (1.3 %) patients needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), only one (0.34 %) patients died of multiple organ failure. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, as well as higher CD4/CD8 ratio were independent risk factors of respiratory failure and ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Most of COVID-19 patients in Guangzhou are mild/moderate, and presence of extrapulmonary virus and higher CD4/CD8 ratio are associated with higher risk of worse outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1386653220304030 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104661 id: cord-348024-n8wn4och author: Lei, Fang title: Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID‐19 in China date: 2020-05-02 words: 3196.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348024-n8wn4och.txt summary: To reveal the hepatic injury related to this disease and its clinical significance, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 5,771 adult patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Hubei Province. The ordinal regression analysis revealed the effects of age, sex, and coexisting disease-adjusted baseline characteristics and hospital medication on peak ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL levels in COVID-19 patients from the longitudinal cohort (Tables 3) . Use of antifungal drugs, lymphocyte count decrease, chronic liver disease, systemic corticosteroids use, and male gender were the leading factors positively associated with elevated AST levels. Neutrophil count increase, lymphocyte count decrease, and male gender were common factors positively associated with elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and TBIL levels during hospitalization (Table 3) . The major finding is that elevation of AST level was more frequent and significant than the increase of ALT in severe patients on hospital admission, and AST levels had the highest correlation with mortality compared to other indicators reflecting liver injury. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a new infectious disease. To reveal the hepatic injury related to this disease and its clinical significance, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 5,771 adult patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Hubei Province. We reported the distributional and temporal patterns of liver injury indicators in these patients and determined their associated factors and death risk. Longitudinal liver function tests were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the risk factors and death. Liver injury dynamic patterns differed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL). AST elevated first, followed by ALT, in severe patients. ALP modestly increased during hospitalization and largely remained in the normal range. The fluctuation in TBIL levels was mild in the non‐severe and the severe group. AST abnormality was associated with the highest mortality risk compared to other indicators of liver injury during hospitalization. Common factors associated with elevated liver injury indicators were lymphocyte count decrease, neutrophil count increase, and male gender. CONCLUSION: The dynamic patterns of liver injury indicators and their potential risk factors may provide an important explanation for the COVID‐19‐associated liver injury. Because elevated liver injury indicators, particularly AST, are strongly associated with the mortality risk, our study indicates that these parameters should be monitored during hospitalization. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31301 doi: 10.1002/hep.31301 id: cord-304766-h9kuytuf author: Lei, Hao title: Non-pharmaceutical interventions used to control COVID-19 reduced seasonal influenza transmission in China date: 2020-09-08 words: 1759.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304766-h9kuytuf.txt summary: To suppress the COVID-19 pandemic, from January 23-25, 2020, 30 provinces began a 1-level response and implemented a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including not only the classical isolation of the confirmed/suspected cases and quarantine of their close contacts in special facilities, but also unprecedented measures like strict community containments with social distancing, such as the Wuhan city travel ban to prevent the exportation of cases from Wuhan and other priority areas of Hubei Province, extension of the Spring Festival holiday, suspension of traffic and transportation, closure of school and entertainment venues, banning of mass gathering activities, compulsory community use of facemasks in public areas, and information about the epidemic and prevention measures widely disseminated, public risk communications and health education strengthened, new hospital built to ensure that all cases could be treated [2] . abstract: To suppress the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese government has implemented a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Because COVID-19 and influenza have similar means of transmission, it is hypothesized that NPIs targeting COVID-19 may also affect influenza transmission. In this study, the extent to which NPIs targeting COVID-19 have affected seasonal influenza transmission was explored. Indicators of seasonal influenza activity in the epidemiological year 2019/20 were compared with those in 2017/18 and 2018/19. Results show that the incidence rate of seasonal influenza reduced by 64% in 2019/20 (p&0.001). These findings suggest that NPIs aimed at controlling COVID-19 significantly reduced the seasonal influenza transmission in China. (105 words) url: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa570 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa570 id: cord-335815-51ih0b2y author: Lei, Lei title: Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China date: 2020-04-26 words: 4655.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335815-51ih0b2y.txt summary: This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. In general, the high levels of anxiety and depression were associated with severe economic loss and low self-perceived health condition, and people living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS sum scores than those living in Yunnan Province. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and spread rapidly to the whole country within 1 month. This new epidemic caused a great mental reaction among the public. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data were collected using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) administered to 1593 respondents aged 18 years and above. The respondents were grouped as ‘affected group’ and ‘unaffected group’ on the basis of whether they or their families/colleagues/classmates/neighbors had been quarantined. RESULTS: Among 1593 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was approximately 8.3% and 14.6%, respectively, and the prevalence in the affected group (12.9%, 22.4%) was significantly higher than that in the unaffected group (6.7%, 11.9%). Lower average household income, lower education level, having a higher self-evaluated level of knowledge, being more worried about being infected, having no psychological support, greater property damage, and lower self-perceived health condition were significant associated with higher scores on the SAS and SDS. People living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS scores than those living in Yunnan Province. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression of the affected group are higher than in the unaffected group during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. The government should focus more on providing economic and medical support to improve the general population’s mental state. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335579/ doi: 10.12659/msm.924609 id: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author: Lei, Pinggui title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 words: 707.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt summary: We read with interest the recent papers in this Journal by Hao who described clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay. 3-6 Therefore, even though chest CT plays a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, however, chest CT examination and RT-PCR results should be mutual verification for precise diagnosis in the patient suspected COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, even though chest CT has played a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with some typical CT features while the initial RT-PCR result is negative. However, not all the cases had the initial abnormality chest CT results or positive RT-PCR in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Consequently, RT-PCR results, chest CT features, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, and exposure history should be made a comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19 infection for the clinical decisions beyond clinical and radiological features. Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194939/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.016 id: cord-282499-baia5prj author: Lei, Pinggui title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 words: 440.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt summary: Actually, the CT features are various at different stages in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Recently, the studies demonstrated that the CT findings were typical signs for diagnosis at different stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 3 , 4 Particularly, ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were the principal manifestation in the CT images (CT scans before onset of symptoms or CT scans done ≤ 1 week after symptom onset), and GGO was decreased with increasing the stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 4 Therefore, knowing the corresponding CT feature of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages, which could be helpful to precisely diagnose and understand CT characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia beyond the radiological findings itself. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):a multi-center study in Wenzhou city Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201155/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.014 id: cord-289476-8wh3hn0n author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID - 19 BRIEF INTRODUCTION IN MENTAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND PATIENTS date: 2020-07-28 words: 3754.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289476-8wh3hn0n.txt summary: This document describes five categories of people for SARS-CoV-2 testing with viral tests (i.e., nucleic acid or antigen tests) [the following are hot links to CDC resources]:  Testing individuals with signs or symptoms consistent with COVID-19  Testing asymptomatic individuals with recent known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to control transmission  Testing asymptomatic individuals without known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for early identification in special settings  Testing to determine resolution of infection (i.e., test-based strategy for Discontinuation of Transmission-based Precautions, HCP Return to Work, and Discontinuation of Home Isolation)  Public health surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Generally, viral testing for SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be diagnostic when conducted among individuals with symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or among asymptomatic individuals with known or suspected recent exposure to SARS-CoV-2 to control transmission, or to determine resolution of infection. Testing is considered to be surveillance when conducted among asymptomatic individuals without known or suspected exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for early identification, or to detect transmission hot spots or characterize disease trends. abstract: I.. COVID-19: TESTING: A.. Laboratory Testing - CDC Guidelines; url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101059 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101059 id: cord-331533-0toegbv8 author: Leiker, Brenna title: COVID – 19 CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE; FROM PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT TO DELIVERGY OF CARE date: 2020-07-27 words: 12829.0 sentences: 570.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331533-0toegbv8.txt summary: The approach to the coronavirus pandemic in the emergency department focused on identification and isolation of infected individuals, adequate protection of staff, reporting of positive cases to the health department, effective treatment, and education of patients and families. APP''s in the ICU have been critical in helping fill the gaps where additional staff where needed to care for COVID patients, make calls to update family members, and provide input for treatment protocols We, the authors of this article, work as APP''s within the NorthShore emergency department. 1,865 Illinois residents have tested positive for the virus, and 26 have died as of Thursday (03/26) at 2:30 p.m., according to the state''s Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response webpage." (Herscowitz, 2020) Despite the virus''s rapid spread, NorthShore and IDPH worked to match the testing protocol with the demand within the community. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32800348/ doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101060 id: cord-307502-vuju89lc author: Leipe, J. title: SARS-CoV-2 & Rheuma: Konsequenzen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie für Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen. Ein Vergleich der Handlungsempfehlungen rheumatologischer Fachgesellschaften und Risikobewertung verschiedener antirheumatischer Therapien date: 2020-08-26 words: 1854.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307502-vuju89lc.txt summary: V. (DGRh) bereits zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie im März 2020 erste Handlungsempfehlungen zum Management von Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen (ERE) unter dem Aspekt der SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19-Bedrohung herausgegeben hat [13] , wurden diese im Juli 2020 durch ein Update aktualisiert und erweitert (im Folgenden DGRh-Update) [14] . Bezüglich der Risikoeinschätzung für schwere COVID-19-Verläufe wurde in den Empfehlungen der DGRh, EULAR und ACR postuliert, dass Patienten mit ERE kein grundsätzlich erhöhtes Risiko einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 oder eines schweren Verlaufes für COVID-19 aufweisen. a. basierend auf teilweise kurz davor publizierten Daten, davon aus, dass auch die medikamentöse antirheumatische Therapie kein Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf von COVID-19 bei Patienten mit ERE darstellt, mit Ausnahme von Glukokortikoiden in einer Dosierung von 10 mg Prednisolonäquivalent/Tag und mehr [4] . Im DGRh-Update wurde, basierend auf aktuell publizierten Daten zu SARS-CoV-2 und Erkenntnissen aus früheren Studien zum allgemeinen Infektionsrisiko, von einem erhöhten Risiko für einen schweren COVID-19-Verlauf bei unzureichend eingestellten ERE ausgegangen [3] . abstract: The recommendations of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh) update, which update and expand the guidance on the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases in view of SARS-CoV‑2 created at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, correspond in many points with the recommendations for action of the American (ACR) and European (EULAR) societies, but also differ in some points. Therefore, this article discusses the core recommendations of the DGRh update on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, the risk assessment for inflammatory rheumatic diseases and the use of antirheumatic treatments in the context and in comparison to the ACR and EULAR recommendations, and provides an overview of the risk assessment of individual antirheumatic drugs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845393/ doi: 10.1007/s00393-020-00878-0 id: cord-355208-hpldjsc5 author: Leisman, Daniel E. title: Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation date: 2020-04-28 words: 1414.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355208-hpldjsc5.txt summary: The reported inflammatory response in COVID-19 is also not consistent with either typical ARDS or cytokine-release syndromes (CRS) or "cytokine storm. Reports of increased respiratory dead space suggest lung-vascular thrombosis from thrombotic microangiopathy or pulmonary embolism. Reported findings indicate that immunosuppression, endothelial activation, and direct viral-mediated tissue damage, rather than hyperinflammatory injury, mediate COVID-induced organ dysfunction. Viral injury, disordered cytokine release, and damage-associated Fig. 1 (1) The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects an endothelial cell by binding to ACE-2. Cellular infection initiates localized inflammation, endothelial activation, tissue damage, and disordered cytokine release. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AngI, angiotensin-I; AngII, angiotensin-II; Ang (1-7), angiotensin (1-7); DAMPs, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce localized microvascular inflammation, which triggers endothelial activation, leading to vasodilation and pro-thrombotic conditions. Among the known effects of AngII are vasoconstriction, endothelial activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. COVID-induced respiratory failure involves physiologic, clinical, and immunologic phenotypes that are not consistent with either ARDS or cytokine-release syndromes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06059-6 doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06059-6 id: cord-268306-wreifhzl author: Leitao, Darren Jonathan title: Pediatric rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal during the COVID-19 pandemic: case report date: 2020-09-14 words: 3147.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268306-wreifhzl.txt summary: These protocols have introduced and incorporated unique surgical draping over the patient to trap aerosols during bronchoscopy, minimized equipment and personnel in operating environments, and outlined the PPE requirements for staff. This paper will highlight our experience of a case of bronchoscopy for foreign body removal under emergent conditions, and our operating room processes developed to manage these cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, our team felt that enhanced PPE for staff was superior to additional environmental controls, and that our standard anesthetic and surgical technique would allow for the fastest procedure with the least exposure time for HCWs. As new techniques evolve and with more opportunities to practice in simulation, the use of additional draping techniques may allow for preservation of critical PPE while still maintaining safety for operating room personnel. Airway emergency simulation exercises are an invaluable resource to identify critical areas for improvement, especially when considering the dramatic changes to the operating room environment and surgical techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: We present the case of an eight year old boy who presented with foreign body aspiration during the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient was taken the operating room for rigid bronchoscopy and foreign body removal. The details of the operation, steps taken for protection of health care workers, and lessons learned are discussed. Bronchoscopy was performed using N95 respirators and Stryker Flyte Hood garments, combined with a streamlined instrument set-up. Simulation in advance of these cases improves communication and operative planning. Surgeons should have equipment to retrieve foreign bodies from the oropharynx available. Techniques that reduce surgical time and thus exposure risk should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00464-z doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00464-z id: cord-278418-i8cbrs7y author: Leitner, Stephan title: On the dynamics emerging from pandemics and infodemics date: 2020-08-31 words: 2465.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278418-i8cbrs7y.txt summary: This position paper discusses emerging behavioral, social, and economic dynamics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and puts particular emphasis on two emerging issues: First, delayed effects (or second strikes) of pandemics caused by dread risk effects are discussed whereby two factors which might influence the existence of such effects are identified, namely the accessibility of (mis-)information and the effects of policy decisions on adaptive behavior. As events such as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds complex behavioral patterns which are hard to predict, sophisticated models which account for behavioral, social, and economic dynamics are required to assess the effectivity and efficiency of decision-making. Besides direct effects on behavior there might be indirect and delayed effects of an infodemic, as the spread of mis-information might increase the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic as a dread risk (Zarocostas 2020). abstract: This position paper discusses emerging behavioral, social, and economic dynamics related to the COVID-19 pandemic and puts particular emphasis on two emerging issues: First, delayed effects (or second strikes) of pandemics caused by dread risk effects are discussed whereby two factors which might influence the existence of such effects are identified, namely the accessibility of (mis-)information and the effects of policy decisions on adaptive behavior. Second, the issue of individual preparedness to hazardous events is discussed. As events such as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds complex behavioral patterns which are hard to predict, sophisticated models which account for behavioral, social, and economic dynamics are required to assess the effectivity and efficiency of decision-making. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08917v1.pdf doi: 10.1007/s11299-020-00256-y id: cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author: Lemke, Michael Kenneth title: Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date: 2020-05-23 words: 1794.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt summary: To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. abstract: INTRODUCTION: U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession, and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers’ behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting afflictions. METHODS: Extant literature reveals how an array of macro-level changes has shaped downstream trucking industry policies, resulting in stressogenic work organization and workplace characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing stressors and introduces novel stressors, with potentially exacerbatory impacts on health and safety disparities. RESULTS: As COVID-19 exerts an array of multi-level stressors on commercial drivers, syndemic frameworks can provide the appropriate theoretical lens to guide research and prevention. Syndemic frameworks can provide the grounding to allow foregoing commercial driver COVID-19 research to transcend the limitations of prevailing research frameworks by contextualizing COVID-19 stressors holistically within the complex system of endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety afflictions. Syndemic-informed prevention efforts can then be implemented that simultaneously tackle multiple afflictions and the macro-level forces that result in the emergence of commercial drivers’ health and safety disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial drivers cannot be adequately understood or acted upon in isolation from the endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety disparities that characterize the profession. Instead, commercial driver COVID-19 research and prevention needs syndemic frameworks to holistically understand the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety, and to identify high-leverage preventive actions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214140520300815 doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100877 id: cord-294118-tm2kesum author: Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiros title: Health system collapse 45 days after the detection of COVID-19 in Ceará, Northeast Brazil: a preliminary analysis date: 2020-07-03 words: 2358.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294118-tm2kesum.txt summary: This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. In Brazil, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020, and the first death on March 17, both in the state of São Paulo 7 . We describe the epidemiological scenario of cases and deaths from COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rate in the first 45 days (February 17 to April 27, 2020) of the epidemic in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The study used an ecological design to compare confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths to bed occupancy rates in Ceará. abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 and quickly became a serious public health problem worldwide. This study aim to describe the epidemiological course of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 and their impact on hospital bed occupancy rates in the first 45 days of the epidemic in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study used an ecological design with data gathered from multiple government and health care sources. Data were analyzed using Epi Info software. RESULTS: The first cases were confirmed on March 15, 2020. After 45 days, 37,268 cases reported in 85.9% of Ceará’s municipalities, with 1,019 deaths. Laboratory test positivity reached 84.8% at the end of April, a period in which more than 700 daily tests were processed. The average age of cases was 67 (<1 - 101) years, most occurred in a hospital environment (91.9%), and 58% required hospitalization in an ICU bed. The average time between the onset of symptoms and death was 18 (1 - 56) days. Patients who died in the hospital had spent an average of six (0 - 40) days hospitalized. Across Ceará, the bed occupancy rate reached 71.3% in the wards and 80.5% in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: The first 45 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ceará revealed a large number of cases and deaths, spreading initially among the population with a high socioeconomic status. Despite the efforts by the health services and social isolation measures the health system still collapsed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638888/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0354-2020 id: cord-336771-5hh1l1dt author: Lemos, George Azevedo title: Human anatomy education and management of anatomic specimens during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical, legal and biosafety aspects date: 2020-10-03 words: 2765.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336771-5hh1l1dt.txt summary: They possess and use a series of didactic-pedagogical resources such as synthetic models, computers and software with digital atlases, and cadaverous pieces, allowing the study of systemic and/or topographic anatomy Finally, legislation on the right to personality and its implications related to the exposure of images and videos of the dead human body during remote virtual classes, a common alternative in this COVID-19 pandemic, is discussed. We reiterate that, in cases of need for practical online classes, with the exhibition of images or videos of anatomic specimens, some measures must be adopted, aiming at the preservation of human dignity, as follows: a) Use of secure digital platforms with restricted access only to students and professors of the course; b) Authorization/consent from the anatomy sector/department, and from family members in cases of donated bodies; c) Awareness of students about the legislation related to the protection of the corpse and; d) Adoption of an ethical stance of respect for the corpse, regardless of its origin and condition. abstract: COVID-19 is an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, initially identified in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, the virus has spread to the continents, causing a major pandemic. The impacts of this pandemic on the education of human anatomy interfere in at least two aspects: (1) receiving and managing anatomical specimens in anatomy laboratories and (2) adaptations for classes on remote virtual teaching. Therefore, this study reviewed and discussed the legal and bioethical aspects, considering the scenario of a South American Country, aiming to stimulate the debate on these two relevant themes in the international community. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impossibility of mass testing, anatomists and other workers in the field must deal with the risk of receiving bodies infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this situation, additional care measures in biosafety practices are essential to protect the staff. Such measures are: the bodies must be preserved by the perfusion of formaldehyde or other fixative solutions; embalming must be performed in ventilated rooms with a good air exhaust system; to avoid excessive manipulation of bodies and procedures such as pulmonary insufflation or craniotomy; and proper use of personal protective equipment, including lab coat, gloves and masks. As for exposure of body images in online classes, this review showed that there are no legal impediments to this end. However, anatomists must adopt measures aimed at protecting the memory of the deceased, such as using secure digital platforms with restricted access; family authorization/consent and student awareness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960220301527?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151608 id: cord-329088-tcqp8qd2 author: Leng, C title: From chaos to a new norm: The Birmingham experience of restructuring the largest plastics department in the UK in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-09-20 words: 3917.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329088-tcqp8qd2.txt summary: Factors considered included: rota and shift pattern changes to implement depth and resilience to sudden fluctuations in staffing levels; a preparatory phase for focussed upskilling and relevant training packages to be delivered; managing the COVID-19 ward cover and ITU deployment; adjustments to our front of house and elective specialty specific service, including developing alternative and streamlined patient pathways; mitigating the effects on plastic surgical training during the pandemic; the importance of communications for patient care and physician wellbeing; and leadership techniques and styles we considered important. Factors considered included: rota and shift pattern changes to implement depth and resilience to sudden fluctuations in staffing levels; a preparatory phase for focussed upskilling and relevant training packages to be delivered; managing the COVID-19 ward cover and ITU deployment; adjustments to our front of house and elective specialty specific service, including developing alternative and streamlined patient pathways; mitigating the effects on plastic surgical training during the pandemic; the importance of communications for patient care and physician wellbeing; abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, has one of the largest burns, hands and plastics department in the UK, totalling 83 doctors. Our response to the COVID-19 response was uniquely far reaching, with our department being given responsibility of an entire 36 bed medical COVID-19 ward in addition to our commitment to specialty specific work, and saw half of our work force re-deployed to ITU. Our aim was to exploit the high calibre of doctors found in plastic surgery, and to demonstrate we were able to support the COVID-19 effort beyond our normal scope of practice. In order to achieve this aim, the department underwent significant structural and leadership changes. Factors considered included: rota and shift pattern changes to implement depth and resilience to sudden fluctuations in staffing levels; a preparatory phase for focussed upskilling and relevant training packages to be delivered; managing the COVID-19 ward cover and ITU deployment; adjustments to our front of house and elective specialty specific service, including developing alternative and streamlined patient pathways; mitigating the effects on plastic surgical training during the pandemic; the importance of communications for patient care and physician wellbeing; and leadership techniques and styles we considered important. By sharing our experience during this pandemic, we hope to reflect on and share lessons learned, as well as demonstrate it is possible to rapidly mobilise and retrain plastic surgeons at all levels to contribute safely and productively beyond a specialty specific scope of care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33039307/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.127 id: cord-213974-rtltf11w author: Lensink, Keegan title: Segmentation of Pulmonary Opacification in Chest CT Scans of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-07-07 words: 5519.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-213974-rtltf11w.txt summary: In this work we provide open source models for the segmentation of patterns of pulmonary opacification on chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans which have been correlated with various stages and severities of infection. We have collected 663 chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients from healthcare centers around the world, and created pixel wise segmentation labels for nearly 25,000 slices that segment 6 different patterns of pulmonary opacification. Given the challenges mentioned above, the goal of this work is to provide open source models for the segmentation of patterns of pulmonary opacification, which have been correlated with various stages and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. 1. We have collected 663 chest CT scans of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from healthcare centers around the world, and created pixel wise segmentation labels for nearly 25,000 slices that segment 6 different forms of pulmonary opacification that have been correlated with stages and severity of COVID-19. abstract: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread into a global pandemic. A form of pneumonia, presenting as opacities with in a patient's lungs, is the most common presentation associated with this virus, and great attention has gone into how these changes relate to patient morbidity and mortality. In this work we provide open source models for the segmentation of patterns of pulmonary opacification on chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans which have been correlated with various stages and severities of infection. We have collected 663 chest CT scans of COVID-19 patients from healthcare centers around the world, and created pixel wise segmentation labels for nearly 25,000 slices that segment 6 different patterns of pulmonary opacification. We provide open source implementations and pre-trained weights for multiple segmentation models trained on our dataset. Our best model achieves an opacity Intersection-Over-Union score of 0.76 on our test set, demonstrates successful domain adaptation, and predicts the volume of opacification within 1.7% of expert radiologists. Additionally, we present an analysis of the inter-observer variability inherent to this task, and propose methods for appropriate probabilistic approaches. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.03643v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-342241-76mtn1m7 author: Lenti, Marco Vincenzo title: Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy date: 2020-05-04 words: 1274.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342241-76mtn1m7.txt summary: Internal medicine has been immediately involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Italy, which started in late February 2020. The first few COVID-19 cases were suspected and diagnosed in internal medicine wards, including, among others, a young adult male from Codogno (referred to as "patient 1"), who was later transferred to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital. Internal medicine was also called to the front line and has proactively responded with great flexibility to the growing number of cases, transforming its divisions into departments dedicated to the care of COVID-19. At our hospital, two entire Internal Medicine Units, in a few days, were transformed into ''COVID'' wards. In summary, internal medicine has responded promptly to COVID-19 Italian epidemic, due to its holistic attitudethe sick patient as an individual, rather than the disease, is the object of the studyand its methodological approach [5] . abstract: Internal medicine has been immediately involved in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Italy, which started in late February 2020. The first few COVID-19 cases were suspected and diagnosed in internal medicine wards, including, among others, a young adult male from Codogno (referred to as "patient 1"), who was later transferred to the Intensive Care Unit of our hospital. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294269/ doi: 10.1111/joim.13079 id: cord-344175-e2m9o8c2 author: Lentini, Giovanni title: COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concern: Chirality Might Help date: 2020-04-16 words: 2140.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344175-e2m9o8c2.txt summary: Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy, the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of these drugs should also be considered. One of the options under investigation is the old antimalarial drug, chloroquine-a synthetic succedaneum of cinchona alkaloids [7] (Figure 1 )-which gave promising results in a Chinese clinical trial, where it was superior to the positive control treatment in more than 100 patients [8] . Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy [11, 12] , the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of chloroquine should also be taken into account [13] . Thus, once again, 3D requirements might cause stereoselectivity of blocks and one of the chloroquine enantiomers might display weaker Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy [11, 12] , the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of chloroquine should also be taken into account [13] . abstract: The desperate need to find drugs for COVID-19 has indicated repurposing strategies as our quickest way to obtain efficacious medicines. One of the options under investigation is the old antimalarial drug, chloroquine, and its analog, hydroxychloroquine. Developed as synthetic succedanea of cinchona alkaloids, these chiral antimalarials are currently in use as the racemate. Besides the ethical concern related to accelerated large-scale clinical trials of drugs with unproven efficacy, the known potential detrimental cardiac effects of these drugs should also be considered. In principle, the safety profile might be ameliorated by using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine single enantiomers in place of the racemate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316270/ doi: 10.3390/molecules25081834 id: cord-275349-b35pt3mo author: Lenz, Heinz-Josef title: The Emergence of Baricitinib: A Story of Tortoises Versus Hares date: 2020-07-06 words: 1403.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275349-b35pt3mo.txt summary: The artificial intelligence algorithms predicted that baricitinib would inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of cells [2] , (an effect later confirmed in human liver spheroids) [3] , combined with its better-known anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, the combined potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of this dually acting drug could be ideal for halting the progression of the disease in hospitalized patients, when taken for a limited duration. This new paper in the journal extends the previous published reports of baricitinib treatment in mild-tomoderate COVID19 patients and provides further evidence that baricitinib could be a potential treatment for unwell hospitalized patients with this disease, independent of severity. One would be advised to remain vigilant of such signals reflecting thromboembolic or infection risk in randomized controlled trials testing a variety of immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19 patients, either alone or in combination, especially in view of associations between clots and SARS-CoV-2 infection [10] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa940 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa940 id: cord-338928-y5l7cf31 author: Leonardi, Matilde title: Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action date: 2020-05-20 words: 2109.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338928-y5l7cf31.txt summary: While the epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, more and more evidences are collected about the presence of neurological manifestations and symptoms associated with it. The review shows that although more and more papers are reporting neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19; however, many items remain unclear and this uncertainty calls for a global action that requires close coordination and open-data sharing between hospitals, academic institutions and the fast establishment of harmonised research priorities and research consortia to face the NeuroCOVID-19 complications. Reports are emerging from China and Italy and increasingly from several countries of neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2, which may be worsening clinical pictures, respiratory outcomes and mortality rates in patients with COVID-19. Observations from Italy have confirmed Chinese data noting a high number of patients with hyposmia, anosmia and varying patterns of possibly centrally mediated symptoms including respiratory manifestations. Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice abstract: While the epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, more and more evidences are collected about the presence of neurological manifestations and symptoms associated with it. A systematic review has been performed of papers published until 5 April 2020. 29 papers related to neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were examined. The results show presence of central and peripheral nervous system manifestations related to coronavirus. Neurological manifestations, or NeuroCOVID, are part of the COVID-19 clinical picture, but questions remain regarding the frequency and severity of CNS symptoms, the mechanism of action underlying neurological symptoms, and the relationship of symptoms with the course and severity of COVID-19. Further clinical, epidemiological, and basic science research is urgently needed to understand and address neurological sequalae of COVID-19. Concomitant risk factors or determinants (e.g. demographic factors, comorbidities, or available biomarkers) that may predispose a person with COVID-19 to neurological manifestations also need to be identified. The review shows that although more and more papers are reporting neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19; however, many items remain unclear and this uncertainty calls for a global action that requires close coordination and open-data sharing between hospitals, academic institutions and the fast establishment of harmonised research priorities and research consortia to face the NeuroCOVID-19 complications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32436101/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09896-z id: cord-279356-s3iigb0j author: Leones, Louis Mervyn B title: Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 words: 1493.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt summary: Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. To adapt to the situation, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and trainees: Participants reported that the seriousness of the disease and the current situation coupled with the responsibility of taking care of cancer patients contributed to the anxiety felt, especially when on duty at the COVID-19 areas. abstract: Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated these mental health risks brought about by isolation and exhaustion. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. Caring for the carers through evidence-based interventions ensures the delivery of quality care to our cancer patients despite the challenges during these trying times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582372/ doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1057 id: cord-337605-s07aorzi author: Leow, Lowell title: Surgery beyond COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 1174.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337605-s07aorzi.txt summary: Past pandemics may have primed us but COVID-19 unfolded on a scale not seen in modern history with many likening it to the 1918 Spanish Flu. Fortunately, medicine has progressed since then, and the response to COVID-19 in countries like Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan has been robust. The aggressive stance adopted by Australia and New Zealand in travel bans, social distancing and active quarantine and surveillance has flattened the curve, curtailed the spread and prevented overwhelming of healthcare systems by COVID-19 patients. As countries learn to live with COVID-19, with a flattened curve and limited outbreaks that can be controlled by quarantine and case contacting, coming out of a lockdown presents equal challenge to entering one. This pandemic has forced us to catch up with the rest of the world in the adoption of technology in our daily practice. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748460/ doi: 10.1111/ans.16245 id: cord-312057-4zfaqkxm author: Leppla, Idris E. title: Optimizing Medication Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-14 words: 1666.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312057-4zfaqkxm.txt summary: In the setting of COVID-19, opioid use disorder treatment paradigms are being disrupted, including the fact that methadone clinics are scrambling to give "take-home" doses where they would typically not. The rapid transition away from in-person examination, dosing and group therapy in an era of social isolation calls for adjustments to clinical practice, including emphasizing patient-provider communication, favoring new inductees on buprenorphine and leveraging technology to optimize safety of medication treatment. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is disrupting opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment paradigms, which have traditionally relied on in-person examination, medication dispensing, counseling sessions, and group therapy. We review and provide guidance for clinicians regarding 3 prongs of medication treatment of OUD affected by COVID-19 healthcare mandates: methadone take-homes, buprenorphine treatment, and antagonist therapy. FAQs: Provision of methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in the COVID-19 emergency abstract: The COVID-19 health crisis joined, rather than supplanted, the opioid crisis as the most acutely pressing threats to US public health. In the setting of COVID-19, opioid use disorder treatment paradigms are being disrupted, including the fact that methadone clinics are scrambling to give “take-home” doses where they would typically not. The rapid transition away from in-person examination, dosing and group therapy in an era of social isolation calls for adjustments to clinical practice, including emphasizing patient-provider communication, favoring new inductees on buprenorphine and leveraging technology to optimize safety of medication treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000678 doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000678 id: cord-325833-gn4ftbzo author: Lepre, Luca title: Acute care surgery and post‐operative COVID‐19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge date: 2020-05-04 words: 813.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325833-gn4ftbzo.txt summary: 3, 4 A report from Iran about peri-operative impact of COVID-19 in patients undergoing elective benign surgery showed a high fatality rate. 5 Emergency departments continue to take care of patients with acute diseases, some of those requiring urgent surgery. Starting from post-operative day (POD) 3, temperature >38 was detected without any other symptom. The fever persisted and at POD 14 thoracic CT scan detected bilateral consolidations mainly at the inferior lobes, with interstitial pattern, as showed in Figure 3 , suggestive for COVID-19 infection. This report highlights the possibility of COVID-19 infection during the post-operative course of patients admitted for emergency surgical procedures. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Thoracic computed tomography scan at post-operative day 14 showing bilateral interstitial pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336012/ doi: 10.1111/ans.15962 id: cord-285681-nv1aa116 author: Lesniewski, Andrew title: Estimating population immunity without serological testing date: 2020-04-26 words: 1224.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285681-nv1aa116.txt summary: We propose an approximate methodology for estimating the overall level of immunity against COVID-19 in a population that has been affected by the recent epidemic. The methodology relies on the currently available mortality data and utilizes the properties of the SIR model. We illustrate the application of the method by estimating the recent levels of immunity in 10 US states with highest case numbers of COVID-19. The purpose of this brief note is to propose an approximate methodology for determining the level of immunity in a population affected by (an infectious disease such as) COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076786 doi: medRxiv preprint of the full cycle of COVID-19 appears to be about 6 months, we believe that any choice in the range of 20 to 30 would be appropriate. Our algorithm relies on the following properties of the SIR model. Using early data to estimate the actual infection fatality ratio from COVID-19 in France abstract: We propose an approximate methodology for estimating the overall level of immunity against COVID-19 in a population that has been affected by the recent epidemic. The methodology relies on the currently available mortality data and utilizes the properties of the SIR model. We illustrate the application of the method by estimating the recent levels of immunity in 10 US states with highest case numbers of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.23.20076786v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076786 id: cord-320104-cgzqwbzs author: Lester, Paula E. title: Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State date: 2020-06-02 words: 583.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320104-cgzqwbzs.txt summary: title: Policy Recommendations regarding Skilled Nursing Facility Management of COVID-19: Lessons From New York State ABSTRACT To provide policy recommendations for managing COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs), a group of certified medical directors from several facilities in New York state with experience managing the disease used email, phone, and video conferencing to develop consensus recommendations. The resulting document provides recommendations on screening, and protection of staff, screening of residents, management of COVID-19 positive and presumed positive cases, communication during an outbreak, management of admissions and readmissions, and providing emotional support for staff. The impact of this 15 pandemic has been widely recognized in hospital systems but guidelines for care for this 16 disease in the Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) are sorely lacking. Preparing for COVID 19; long term care facilities, nursing homes abstract: ABSTRACT To provide policy recommendations for managing COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs), a group of certified medical directors from several facilities in New York state with experience managing the disease used email, phone, and video conferencing to develop consensus recommendations. The resulting document provides recommendations on screening, and protection of staff, screening of residents, management of COVID-19 positive and presumed positive cases, communication during an outbreak, management of admissions and readmissions, and providing emotional support for staff. These consensus guidelines have been endorsed by the Executive Board of the New York Medical Directors Association and the Board of the Metropolitan Area Geriatrics Society. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674814/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.058 id: cord-298886-xidaim04 author: Leszczyński, Piotr title: COVID-19: a short message to rheumatologists date: 2020-06-29 words: 1571.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298886-xidaim04.txt summary: In the treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19, there is a possibility of using a TNF alpha inhibitor (adalimumab) or IL-6 receptor inhibitors (tocilizumab, sarilumab) [6] [7] [8] , which are currently being studied in randomized clinical trials in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with signs and symptoms of rapidly progressing pneumonia. Our own experience with the combined use of chloroquine and azithromycin or ceftriaxone (n = 34) and tocilizumab (n = 1) in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the course of COVID-19 disease is very good, although it should only be considered as a series of cases (Figs. In accordance with some clinical concerns of rheumatologists, patients with rheumatic diseases treated with disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) should have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patient with pharmacologically treated rheumatic disease after close contact (staying at a distance of less than 2 m, for more than 15 minutes, in the last 7 days) with a person with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection without clinical symptoms of COVID-19: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2020.96685 doi: 10.5114/reum.2020.96685 id: cord-297518-6y2uzcde author: Leulseged, T. W. title: Determinants of Developing Symptomatic Disease in Ethiopian COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-13 words: 3323.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297518-6y2uzcde.txt summary: Results: The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 doi: medRxiv preprint Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Based on the chi-square/ Fischer''s exact test result, a significant difference in the presence of symptom was found among the different age groups, sex, different COVID-19 severity, those with a history of pre-existing co-morbid illness, cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma and the need of oxygen supplement. abstract: Background: Studies show that having some symptoms seems to be associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. Therefore, knowing who is more susceptible to symptomatic COVID-19 disease is important to provide targeted preventive and management practice. The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of having symptomatic disease among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from August to September 2020 among a randomly selected 765 COVID-19 patients (372 Asymptomatic and 393 Symptomatic patients). Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the cases (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic), where p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the independent variables and developing symptomatic COVID-19 where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results. Results: The result of the multivariable binary logistic regression shows that age group (AOR= 1.818, 95% CI= 1.210, 2.731, p-value=0.004 for 30-39 years; AOR= 1.611, 95% CI= 1.016, 2.554, p-value=0.043 for 40-49 years and AOR= 4.076, 95% CI= 2.582, 6.435, p-value=0.0001 for years and above), sex (AOR= 1.672, 95% CI= 1.216, 2.299, p-value=0.002) and history of diabetes mellitus (AOR= 2.406, 95% CI= 1.384, 4.181, p-value=0.002) were found to be significant factors that determine the development of symptomatic disease in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Developing a symptomatic COVID-19 disease was found to be determined by exposures of old age, male sex, and being diabetic. Therefore, patients with the above factors should be given enough attention in the prevention and management process, including inpatient management, to pick symptoms earlier and to manage accordingly so that these patients can have a favorable treatment outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.09.20209734 id: cord-329499-jh4pbqxu author: Leulseged, T. W. title: COVID-19 in Hospitalized Ethiopian Children: Characteristics and Outcome Profile date: 2020-11-04 words: 3834.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329499-jh4pbqxu.txt summary: Aim: To assess the characteristics and outcome profile of 115 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19, and to determine the presence of significant difference in disease severity and survival distribution between groups among children admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess the characteristics and outcome profile of 115 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19, and to determine the presence of significant difference in disease severity and survival distribution between groups among children admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Based on the chi-square/ Fischer''s exact test result, a significant difference in COVID-19 disease severity was observed among the groups classified by the presence of symptom, fever, cough, sore throat, chest pain and headache. Therefore, in this study we have assessed the characteristics and outcome profile of 90 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19 who were admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia from end of June to mid September, 2020. abstract: Background: Considering the number of people affected and the burden to the health care system due to the Coronavirus pandemic, there is still a gap in understanding the disease better leaving a space for new evidence to be filled by researchers. This scarcity of evidence is observed especially among children with the virus. Understanding the disease pattern and its effect among children is vital in providing timely and targeted intervention. Aim: To assess the characteristics and outcome profile of 115 RT-PCR confirmed children with COVID-19, and to determine the presence of significant difference in disease severity and survival distribution between groups among children admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 90 consecutively admitted eligible RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 children from end of June to mid September, 2020. Frequency tables, KM plots, median survival times and Log-rank test were used to describe the data and compare survival distribution between groups. A chi-square test/ Fischer exact test were used to determine the presence of a significant difference between the independent variables and disease severity. A statistically significant difference was detected for variables with a P-value of [≤] 0.05. Survival experience of different groups was compared using KM survival curves. Log-rank test was used to assess the presence of significant difference among survival distributions of groups for equality where a statistically significant difference in survival distribution between groups was detected for variables with a P-value of [≤] 0.05. Results: From the 90 children, 67 (74.4%) achieved clinical improvement and 23 (25.6%) were censored. There was no death. The median time to clinical improvement was 14 days. The median age of the participants was 15 years and 63.3% of the participants were females. The commonest reported route of disease transmission was through close contact with a diagnosed person (45.6%). Only three (3.3%) had a history of pre-existing comorbid illness. More than a quarter (26.7%) had one or more symptoms at admission, the commonest being cough (22.2%). Seventy three (81.1%) of the patients had mild COVID-19 at admission and the rest (18.9%) had moderate disease. On the chi-square and Fischers exact test, children with one or more symptom at presentation (73.3% Vs 36.7%, p-value= 0.0001), fever (40.0 % Vs 60.0%, p-value=0.045), cough (20.0 % Vs 80.0%, p-value=0.0001), sore throat (44.4 % Vs 55.6%, p-value=0.011), and headache (44.4 % Vs 55.6%, p-value=0.011) were more likely to develop moderate COVID-19. On the log rank test, a significant difference in survival between groups was observed only for sex. A significantly longer time was needed for female patients to achieve clinical improvement compared to male patients (15 days Vs 14 days, p-value= 0.042). Conclusions: The average duration of time to clinical improvement was 14 days and 74.4% achieved clinical improvement. There was no death during the observation period. The pediatric patients seemed to have a milder disease presentation and a favorable outcome compared to other countries report and also the adult pattern observed in our country. Having particular symptom groups is associated with the development of moderate COVID-19. Being female seemed to delay the time to clinical improvement. Further multicenter study with a large sample size is recommended to reach at a better conclusion. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.20223115v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20223115 id: cord-326023-vwukiwe4 author: Leung, Char title: Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: a review of clinical data in China date: 2020-04-27 words: 2686.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326023-vwukiwe4.txt summary: Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Given that elderly only accounted for a small proportion of the total Chinese population and that clinical studies based on a single hospital are less likely informative, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources reported by the media and Chinese health authorities. While the lower prevalence of fever in deceased patients was surprising, a study of 913 patients (75% of them aged 65 or above) with bacterial infection found that lower body temperature was associated with increased risk for mortality 14 . A recent study reviewing the clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted to Hainan General Hospital found significant difference in the prevalence of fever between young and middle-aged, and elderly patients 15 . abstract: While elderly patients are at high risk of fatality, research concerning COVID-19 has largely been done on clarifying the clinical features. As such, the present work aims to identify risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19. Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Based on the data of 154 individuals from 26 provinces, age remained a key mortality risk factor among geriatric patients of different ages. While dyspnoea and chest pain/discomfort were more commonly seen in deceased patients as they represented severe pneumonia, fever was more prominent in surviving patients. This was likely due to the lower baseline body temperature observed in elderly which translated to a lower maximum temperature of fever. However, lowering the threshold temperature for fever is not recommended in surveillance. Instead, baseline body temperature measured on a regular basis should be used to define the threshold temperature for fever. Against mixed results, more research should be done on identifying comorbidities associated with mortality in geriatric patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353398/ doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111255 id: cord-275858-46jzw94p author: Leung, Janice M. title: COVID-19 and COPD date: 2020-08-13 words: 3024.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275858-46jzw94p.txt summary: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in 323 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: a retrospective single center analysis A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients Epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of 465 hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Zhejiang province in China. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: COPD patients have increased risk of severe pneumonia and poor outcomes when they develop COVID-19. This may be related to poor underlying lung reserves or increased expression of ACE-2 receptor in small airways. https://bit.ly/37dSB8l url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02108-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02108-2020 id: cord-330093-asba80bi author: Leung, Janice M. title: Smoking, ACE-2 and COVID-19: ongoing controversies date: 2020-07-16 words: 2777.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330093-asba80bi.txt summary: Both research teams are reporting increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression in airways of current smokers and those with COPD, with important implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Since ACE-2 has been shown to be the main receptor utilised by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cells [2] , the authors conclude that nicotine is a risk factor for COVID-19. Here, we bring to the discussion whether the increased susceptibility and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 via α7-nAChR and the upregulation of small airway ACE-2 expression may also be relevant for those who vape using nicotine-based e-cigarettes. While smoking may not necessarily increase one''s risk for contracting COVID-19, the biological and inflammatory cascade that occurs upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be particularly devastating for a smoker. abstract: Smoking increases severity of COVID-19 https://bit.ly/2yWp3jb url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01759-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01759-2020 id: cord-351823-ldbscq4s author: Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun title: COVID‐19 and Oncology: Service transformation during pandemic date: 2020-08-18 words: 5547.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351823-ldbscq4s.txt summary: 10 The key recommendations included, first, essential and urgent cancer services must continue, and discuss with patients about risks associated with continuing treatment, second, referrals depart from normal practice and that safety netting must be in place to allow patients to be followed up, and, third, the development of COVID-free hub for cancer surgery with a centralized triage system. Delivery of home SATs certainly has its benefits but is not without challenges, and the advent of the global pandemic has expedited these changes into clinical practice, but it will certainly require close monitoring to ensure there is no increased risks to patients'' health and wellbeing. In the specific case of the future optimization and adaptation of oncological services using lessons learned during the COVID-19 era, the previous aforementioned implementation of telemedicine is particularly relevant as many of the oncology department''s patients are immunosuppressed and vulnerable to infection, 52 and this would also extend to a COVID-19 absent setting, if at a lesser severity due to treatment and the nature of cancer as a disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems around the world, where resources have refocused on increasing critical bed capacity to prepare for the peak in incidence of COVID‐19. Oncology faces an unprecedented challenge as patients require multidisciplinary care and are more likely to be immunosuppressed. Services in oncology have been transformed using minimal resources over a short period of time. This transformation continues and telemedicine is playing a key role. AIMS: We explore how services in oncology have transformed to deliver services including consultations, systemic anticancer therapy, and surgery for patients, while shielding them from contracting COVID‐19. We assess the risks and benefits of the service transformation in the immediate, interim, and long term, and how telemedicine supports the process. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and latest official data from May to June 2020. RESULTS: Through the published literature on this topic, we discuss the transformations in oncology and the impact on patients and healthcare workers due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We reflect on the lessions from COVID‐19 and assess the role of telemedicine in the future of oncology services. CONCLUSION: Transformation of services in oncology effectively shields patients from COVID‐19 infections, and telemedicine plays a role in virtual consultations. The long‐term effects are yet to be seen, such as safety of home‐based treatment, and effectiveness of virtual communication on patient care. As oncology requires a multidisciplinary approach, telemedicine will play a key role to improve patient‐centered cancer care in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3384 doi: 10.1002/cam4.3384 id: cord-343530-3fnfs2e5 author: Leung, T.Y. title: Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience date: 2020-05-21 words: 2646.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343530-3fnfs2e5.txt summary: Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women''s representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. The authors begin with an extensive review of the relevant literature to develop a conceptual model and specific hypotheses about the impact of gender equity and human development on women''s representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and the combined impact of public health expenditure along with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. abstract: This paper extends the growing research on the impact of gender equity on public health outcomes using the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as its research setting. Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women’s representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. Data from 210 countries shows support for many of the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. The results provide useful insights about the factors that influence the representation of women in political systems around the world and its impact on public health outcomes. The authors also discuss implications for public health policy-makers to ensure efficient and effective delivery of public health services in future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501305/ doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.031 id: cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 author: Leverenz, David L title: Is the HScore useful in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-05 words: 223.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281397-w7ne9mj5.txt summary: key: cord-281397-w7ne9mj5 cord_uid: w7ne9mj5 In a review of 191 patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital, 3 the IQR of ferritin concentrations at time of admission in non-survivors was 728·9-2000·0 ng/mL, and the median ferritin did not exceed 2000·0 ng/mL until 16 days after symptom onset, when most patients had experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intubation. Other HScore criteria such as hypertriglyceridaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone marrow haemophagocytosis are not reported in most cohort studies of COVID-19. Finally, high fevers are weighted heavily in the HScore; however, temperature above 39·0°C does not distinguish between patients with moderate versus severe COVID-19. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620310576 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31057-6 id: cord-286520-oh95lnf9 author: Levi, Marcel title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy—Either, Neither, or Both date: 2020-06-08 words: 1676.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286520-oh95lnf9.txt summary: 22 Overt intravascular hemolysis and severe thrombocytopenia, as seen in typical cases of thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (TTP), is not a clinical feature of COVID-19 infection. However, COVID-19 infection with associated endothelial cell perturbation may lead to decreased ADAMTS-13 levels due to consumption or proteolytic degradation, resulting in high levels of uncleaved von Willebrand factor multimers and ensuing deposit of microvascular platelet thrombi. The resulting plasmin generation may be an important factor explaining the high levels of D-dimer seen in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with coagulation abnormalities that encompass elements reminiscent of both DIC and TMA (►Fig. 1). Endothelial cell perturbation in coronavirus infection also leads to release of plasminogen activators that in combination with the procoagulant response may be responsible for the (very) high D-dimer levels. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712156 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712156 id: cord-281763-8eh5j5t7 author: Levin, Amanda B. title: Transforming a PICU Into an Adult ICU During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Meeting Multiple Needs date: 2020-09-15 words: 2650.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281763-8eh5j5t7.txt summary: The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH), a 1,003-bed facility with embedded 203-bed children''s center, is a National Emerging Special Pathogens Treatment Center with a dedicated biocontainment unit that quickly reached capacity with critically ill COVID-19 patients (11) . Leaders from the Departments of Medicine and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine formed a centralized multidisciplinary "launch team" to standardize physical plant changes, staffing, equipment/ supplies, and training for new converted COVID-19 ICUs. At the time of PICU conversion, JHH had increased ICU beds from 118 to 172 in both converted subspecialty ICUs and repurposed adult acute care spaces. Early in the pandemic, a subset of PICU attending physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists (RTs) were deployed to adult COVID-19 ICUs to support increased demand. After BioDome physical closure, PICU attendings, nurses, and RTs continued to support the other institutional adult COVID-19 ICUs as independent staff for an additional 7 weeks. We initially deployed staff with adult experience, but pediatric trained PICU providers quickly gained competence in adult COVID-19 and ICU care. abstract: We describe the process converting half of our 40-bed PICU into a negative-pressure biocontainment ICU dedicated to adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients within a 1,003-bed academic quaternary hospital. We outline the construction, logistics, supplies, provider education, staffing, and operations. We share lessons learned of working with a predominantly pediatric staff blended with adult expertise staff while maintaining elements of family-centered care typical of pediatric critical care medicine. Critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 adult patients may be cared for in a PICU and care may be augmented by implementing elements of holistic, family-centered PICU practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984831/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000201 id: cord-323941-6rdveab3 author: Levine, Diane Thembekile title: Child safety, protection, and safeguarding in the time of COVID-19 in Great Britain: Proposing a conceptual framework date: 2020-08-13 words: 6235.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323941-6rdveab3.txt summary: While the pandemic clearly poses a risk to the lives and wellbeing of vulnerable groups, necessary public health measures taken to delay or limit the spread of the virus have led to distinctive challenges for prevention, family support, court processes, placement and alternative care. The UK Government''s efforts to address child vulnerability and provide protection and support for those children and young people who fall within its narrow definition have greatly impacted the way in which social services have delivered routine practice. In contrast, the aspirational conceptual framework re-frames the flow of information in a way that enables: a) a more holistic and child-led flow of information/data across the micro and macrosystems; b) places child development and their articulation of that development in a crucial, intersectional position in the data flow; c) suggests a single data flow through the interconnected systems intended to act as protective factors for vulnerable/at risk children and young people, and; d) recognises the importance of effective digital mediation of services for those who need it most. abstract: Abstract Background Great Britain has the highest coronavirus death rate in Europe. While the pandemic clearly poses a risk to the lives and wellbeing of vulnerable groups, necessary public health measures taken to delay or limit the spread of the virus have led to distinctive challenges for prevention, family support, court processes, placement and alternative care. The pandemic has also come about at a time when statutory changes to partnerships have led to a reduction in the importance of educational professional representation in the new formulation in England and Wales. Objectives In this discussion paper, we propose a novel and pragmatic conceptual framework during this challenging time. Participants We consulted with 8 education professionals and 4 field-based student social workers. Setting Bodies responsible for safeguarding have been working quickly to develop new approaches to fulfilling their responsibilities, for example through online home visits and case conferences. However, some communities have been highlighted as experiencing particular challenges because of the pandemic and its impacts. Protection of vulnerable children is increasingly dependent on individualised - and often pathologising - practice with a lack of emphasis on the importance of the social. Holistic consideration of the child is side-lined. Results Our framework comprises two phases: pandemic and aspirational. Conclusion The framework illuminates the importance of interconnected sectors and multi-agency working, the need for resilient and adaptable support systems, and the need to promote the importance of children’s rights and voices to be heard above the noise of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104668 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104668 id: cord-329253-z6okp606 author: Levine, Ross L. title: COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action date: 2020-06-05 words: 1598.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329253-z6okp606.txt summary: It is heartening to see ECIs prioritizing data analyses, grant and/or manuscript preparation and reviewing journals during their time out of the lab as an effort to maintain momentum, as they balance their career responsibilities with a daunting set of demands related to increased personal responsibilities during the pandemic 1 . Lastly, we regret the unique impact of social distancing that this pandemic is having on mentoring and networking opportunities for ECIs. Scientific meetings are COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). This impact is particularly felt by ECIs at institutions without robust scientific networks or career development programmes, such that it can disproportionately impact those with less institutional support and a less vibrant local research environment. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has broadly impacted biomedical research and health care. Here we discuss current challenges for the cancer research community as they apply to early career investigators (ECIs). We propose a series of collaborative initiatives aimed to sustain ECIs and preserve and accelerate the ability to innovate with long-lasting impact. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503987/ doi: 10.1038/s41568-020-0279-5 id: cord-350456-lter7hy2 author: Lewis, Shantel title: Diagnostic radiographers’ experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa date: 2020-09-18 words: 2818.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt summary: title: Diagnostic radiographers'' experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa Results Sixty diagnostic radiographers representing both the private and public health sector responded to the questionnaire. Implications for practice Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic radiographers will allow radiology departments'' management, hospital management, professional bodies and educational institutions to re-evaluate provision of resources, training, employee wellness programs as well as policies and procedures. 10 News reports indicate that the private healthcare sector may accommodate COVID-19 patients from the public health sector at an agreed price. [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Method A qualitative approach using an open-ended online questionnaire was used to explore Gauteng''s diagnostic radiographers'' experiences of COVID-19. Radiographers shared their experience of medical imaging departments implementing stringent infection control measures that affected work flow and operations. COVID-19) caused by a Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Guidelines for case-finding, diagnosis, management and public health response in South Africa abstract: Introduction As of July 2020, South Africa (SA) had the fifth highest number of COVID-19 infections in the world, with the greatest contributor of these infections, being the province of Gauteng. Diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng providing chest CT, chest radiograph and MRI services are frontline workers experiencing these unprecedented times. Therefore, this study undertook to explore diagnostic radiographers’ experiences of COVID-19. Methods A qualitative approach using an asynchronous opened-ended online questionnaire was used to explore diagnostic radiographers’ experiences of COVID-19. Responses from purposively sampled diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng SA, underwent thematic analysis. Results Sixty diagnostic radiographers representing both the private and public health sector responded to the questionnaire. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: new work flow and operations, effect on radiographer well-being and radiographer resilience. Conclusion Besides experiencing a shift in their professional work routine and home/family dynamics, diagnostic radiographers’ well-being has also been impacted by COVID-19. Adapting to the “new way of work” has been challenging yet their resilience and dedication to their profession, providing quality patient care and skill expertise is their arsenal to combat these challenges. Implications for practice Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on diagnostic radiographers will allow radiology departments’ management, hospital management, professional bodies and educational institutions to re-evaluate provision of resources, training, employee wellness programs as well as policies and procedures. Note: A graphical abstract has been submitted for consideration: The stick person (non-gender, non-race) represents the radiographer, pushing up the boulder of emotions and experiences as the COVID-19 infections continue to raise in SA. Yet radiographers draw on the positives and soldier on hence the use of the super hero cape. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1078817420301966 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.09.009 id: cord-259448-deya8dwn author: Li, Caixia title: Differential microRNA expression in the peripheral blood from human patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-22 words: 2648.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259448-deya8dwn.txt summary: The expression levels of various miRNAs were detected by high‐throughput sequencing, and correlation analysis was performed on the target genes that are primed by miRNAs. KEY FINDINGS: Compared with the healthy controls, 35 miRNAs were upregulated and 38 miRNAs were downregulated in the human patients with COVID‐19. 16 In this study, to better understand the miRNA expression pattern in peripheral blood collected from human COVID-19 patients and healthy donors, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were employed. The differential miRNA expression found in COVID-19 patients may regulate the immune responses and viral replication during viral infection. As shown in Figure 3 , there were significant differences in the miRNA expression between the COVID-19 patients and the control group. In the present study, the differential miRNA expression in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors was observed. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which play important roles in regulating gene expression and are also considered as essential modulators during viral infection. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential expression of miRNAs in COVID‐19. METHODS: The total RNA was extracted and purified from the peripheral blood of ten patients with COVID‐19 and four healthy donors. The expression levels of various miRNAs were detected by high‐throughput sequencing, and correlation analysis was performed on the target genes that are primed by miRNAs. KEY FINDINGS: Compared with the healthy controls, 35 miRNAs were upregulated and 38 miRNAs were downregulated in the human patients with COVID‐19. The top 10 genes were listed below: hsa‐miR‐16‐2‐3P,hsa‐miR‐5695,hsa‐miR‐10399‐3P,hsa‐miR‐6501‐5P,hsa‐miR‐361‐3P,hsa‐miR‐361‐3p, hsa‐miR‐4659a‐3p, hsa‐miR‐142‐5p, hsa‐miR‐4685‐3p, hsa‐miR‐454‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐30c‐5p. The 10 genes with the greatest reduction were listed below: hsa‐miR‐183‐5p, hsa‐miR‐627‐5p, hsa‐miR‐941, hsa‐miR‐21‐5p, hsa‐miR‐20a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐454‐3p, hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐340‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐17‐5p. Remarkably, miR‐16‐2‐3p was the most upregulated miRNA, with a 1.6‐fold change compared to that of the controls. Moreover, the expression of miR‐6501‐5p and miR‐618 was 1.5‐fold higher in the COVID‐19 patients than in the healthy donors. Meanwhile, miR‐627‐5p was the most downregulated miRNA, with a 2.3‐fold change compared to that of the controls. The expression of other miRNAs (miR‐183‐5p, miR‐627‐5p, and miR‐144‐3p) was reduced by more than 1.3‐fold compared to that of the healthy donors. Cluster analysis revealed that all of the differentially expressed miRNA target genes were clustered by their regulation of cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes. Importantly, peptidases, protein kinases, and the ubiquitin system were shown to be the highest enrichment categories by enrichment analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The differential miRNA expression found in COVID‐19 patients may regulate the immune responses and viral replication during viral infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23590 doi: 10.1002/jcla.23590 id: cord-302173-536mjzy6 author: Li, Chaowei title: Clinical characteristics of chronic liver disease with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-28 words: 2462.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302173-536mjzy6.txt summary: Furthermore, COX regression model analyses suggested that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was an independent predictor of mortality risk (P < 0.001) in the CLD group. There were no significant differences observed in demographics, initial common symptoms, laboratory findings without lymphocyte count, PLT, INR, Glu IL-6 or PCT levels, liver function and treatment when comparing the two groups (P > 0.05; Table 1 regression analyses were performed to explore risk factors for death in the CLD group. COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD showed a prolong LOS, slightly liver injuries and higher mortality rates compared to general COVID-19 patients. The most important finding was that the NLR was associated with mortality and severity, suggesting it as a potential indicator for poor prognosis in CLD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. This retrospective study revealed that COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD showed a longer LOS, slight liver injuries and higher mortality compared to general COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: Previous work has described acute liver injury (ALI) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients, However, there is limited analyses available investigating chronic liver disease (CLD) in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics and outcomes of CLD confirmed in COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 104 cases (each group containing 52 patients) were analyzed in this study. The CLD group showed an average of 14 (10.0~21.2) length of stay (LOS) days, compared to the group without CLD that only showed an average of 12.5 (10~16) LOS days (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.34, 95% CI (1.22~1.48), P<0.001; Adjusted Relative Risk was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.12~1.39)). The CLD group contained a higher mortality rate and slight liver injury. Furthermore, COX regression model analyses suggested that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was an independent predictor of mortality risk (P < 0.001) in the CLD group. Additionally, a high NLR significantly correlated with a shorter overall survival (P <0.001). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients also diagnosed with CLD suffered longer LOS, slight liver injuries and a higher mortality when compared to COVID-19 patients without CLD. The NLR was an independent risk factor for in-hospital deaths. Increased expression of NLR was an indicator of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with CLD. Thus, COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD and who show a higher NLR need additional care. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the Wuhan Jin Yin-tan Hospital from February 2, 2020 to April 2, 2020. COVID-19 patients diagnosed with CLD or not diagnosed with CLD were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients were compared. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103632 doi: 10.18632/aging.103632 id: cord-307421-8ev8k9ok author: Li, Chenxi title: A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-06-05 words: 1746.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307421-8ev8k9ok.txt summary: The population is generally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but according to reports, children under 10 years of age only account for 0.35% of cases in China. This report describes the case of a 3-month-old child, who is the youngest patient treated for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Chengdu so far. We describe the clinical features, laboratory results, computed tomography (CT) images, and treatment in order to provide information for clinicians who manage children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A CT image taken in a local hospital showed "nodules and patchy opacification in the middle lobe of the right lung, the lingual segment of the upper lobe of the left lung, and the lower lobes of both lungs, predominantly in subpleural area, possibly viral pneumonia." Because the patient''s mother had confirmed COVID-19, the center for disease control (CDC) arranged SARS-CoV-2 testing using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays immediately. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and is a medical issue. However, children account for a small portion of those with the disease, and there are few published reports of COVID-19 in children. The patient reported in this case report is the youngest case reported in Chengdu, China to date. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 3-month-old male infant presented with cough and rhinorrhea. DIAGNOSIS: Family members from Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic came to stay in the patient's home 16 days before the onset of his disease, and his mother had been diagnosed with COVID-19. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a history of exposure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). INTERVENTIONS: The patient was admitted to hospital and treated symptomatically with oral medication. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered completely and was discharged after one month of hospitalization. He tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and a chest CT performed 4 weeks after admission showed marked improvement prior to discharge. CONCLUSION: Clinicians must be aware of the presentation of COVID-19 in children because it differs from that in adults. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020661 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020661 id: cord-338205-sy91rnse author: Li, Chenxi title: Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-02 words: 7515.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338205-sy91rnse.txt summary: With limited understanding of COVID-19, it is difficult to exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a single negative PCR result, especially when testing was used for upper respiratory tract specimens. The study found that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in all primer-probe sets applied in the qRT-PCR tests, but significant discrepancy was observed in the detection limit and the ability to identify negatives and positives with a lower viral load. Compared with the qRT-PCR kit, nested RT-PCR analysis showed higher sensitivity and specificity, indicating that it is more suitable for clinical application to detect SARS-CoV-2 in cases with low viral load. In cases where RT-PCR assays are negative and there is a strong epidemiological link to SARS-CoV-2 infection, paired serum samples (in the acute and convalescent-phase) could support diagnosis once validated serology tests are available with the initial samples collected in the first week of COVID-19 and the second collected after 2-4 weeks [28] . abstract: Abstract The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened health worldwide. As of the end of 2020, there were nearly 10 million confirmed cases and nearly 5 million deaths associated with COVID-19. Rapid and early laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 is the main focus of treatment and control. Molecular tests are the basis for confirmation of COVID-19, but serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 are widely available and play an increasingly important role in understanding the epidemiology of the virus and in identifying populations at higher risk for infection. Point-of-care tests have the advantage of rapid, accurate, portable, low cost and non-specific device requirements, which provide great help for disease diagnosis and detection. This review will discuss the performance of different laboratory diagnostic tests and platforms, as well as suitable clinical samples for testing, and related biosafety protection. This review shall guide for the diagnosis of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621814/ doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.045 id: cord-319269-20sn3yxt author: Li, Chunrong title: The Prevention and Control Experience of Maternal Health Care from Chengu, China During the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 2356.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319269-20sn3yxt.txt summary: In Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province, several management measures, which have been proven to be effective, are taken to prevent pregnant women from being infected with COVID-19. Thirdly, a group of experts in Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Hospital Infection Management supervise the implementation of the COVID-19 health care services for pregnant women in primary care institutes. In the global pandemic scenario, however, effective implementation of management measures is very important to prevent pregnant women from being infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Starting from 26 January 2020, the information of pregnant women (including basic information, expected delivery date, high-risk situations and medical isolation period) who have come from areas such as Hubei, Chongqing, Japan, and Korea, who have had close contact with suspected or confirmed cases, are suspected or confirmed cases, is collected and submitted promptly by the primary health care workers, so as to provide an information basis for the city to fight COVID-19. abstract: Four months after the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in Wuhan, the national epidemic has been effectively controlled in China. In Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province, several management measures, which have been proven to be effective, are taken to prevent pregnant women from being infected with COVID-19. Firstly, Chengdu formulated and issued the “Working Opinions on the Management of Maternal Women during the Epidemic Period of COVID-19 Infection” immediately after the outbreak. Secondly, some basic information of pregnant women returning from high-risk areas and countries is requested to be reported on a daily basis. Thirdly, a group of experts in Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Hospital Infection Management supervise the implementation of the COVID-19 health care services for pregnant women in primary care institutes. Fourthly, the list of health institutes providing services for confirmed and suspected cases was determined and announced to the public by the government promptly. Additionally, the prevention of mother to infant transmission of HIV is continually strictly practiced during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic. Lastly, all inpatients in the health facilities of Chengdu, including maternity hospitals, are required to have a COVID-19 RT-PCR test to further prevent nosocomial infection. Now, many people living in high-risk countries are coming to Chengdu, and it is therefore necessary to make the prevention and control measures a long-term process. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116999/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s261821 id: cord-261437-x2k9apav author: Li, D. title: Are Vapers More Susceptible to COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-05-09 words: 3023.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261437-x2k9apav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261437-x2k9apav.txt summary: Methods Using integrated data in each US state from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), United States Census Bureau and the 1Point3Acres.com website, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with negative binomial distribution assumption and log link functions were used to examine the association of weighted proportions of vapers with number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in the US. We will examine the association of vaping with COVID-19 infections and deaths, using the integrated state-level weighted proportions of current e-cigarette users (vapers) from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data, the population size and land area in 2018 in each state from United States Census Bureau, and the daily number of COVID-19 infected cases and deaths in each state from the 1Point3Acres.com website during the time period from January 21, 2020 to April 25, 2020 in the United States. abstract: Background COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Electronic cigarette use (vaping) rapidly gained popularity in the US in recent years. Whether electronic cigarette users (vapers) are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection is unknown. Methods Using integrated data in each US state from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), United States Census Bureau and the 1Point3Acres.com website, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with negative binomial distribution assumption and log link functions were used to examine the association of weighted proportions of vapers with number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in the US. Results The weighted proportion of vapers who used e-cigarettes every day or some days ranged from 2.86% to 6.42% for US states. Statistically significant associations were observed between the weighted proportion of vapers and number of COVID-19 infected cases as well as COVID-19 deaths in the US after adjusting for the weighted proportion of smokers and other significant covariates in the GEE models. With every one percent increase in weighted proportion of vapers in each state, the number of COVID-19 infected cases increase by 0.3139 (95% CI: 0.0554 - 0.5723) and the number of COVID-19 deaths increase by 0.3705 (95% CI: 0.0623 - 0.6786) in log scale in each US state. Conclusions The positive associations between the proportion of vapers and the number of COVID-19 infected cases and deaths in each US state suggest an increased susceptibility of vapers to COVID-19 infections and deaths. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20092379v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20092379 id: cord-035098-zmv0ngf0 author: Li, Daqiu title: Stacked-autoencoder-based model for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT images date: 2020-11-09 words: 5807.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035098-zmv0ngf0.txt summary: & A new stacked-autoencoder-based model was proposed for COVID-19 diagnosis that can overcome the gradient disappearance and overfitting caused by deep neural network training on a small dataset to some extent. Firstly, an autoencoder is trained to obtain the input firstorder feature h1 of the original CT scan image data, as shown in Fig. 2 . Similarly, we train the convolutional network detection model on the original partitioned data sets and obtain the test results, as shown in the second row of Table 4 . From the last raw feature maps of Fig. 8 , we can see that our model can extract sample features useful for binary classification from the original CT input image after four-layer autoencoder training alone. Besides, with the release of more and more COVID-19 chest CT scan image datasets, the detection accuracy of such deep learning models as the stacked autoencoder detector will be greatly improved. abstract: With the outbreak of COVID-19, medical imaging such as computed tomography (CT) based diagnosis is proved to be an effective way to fight against the rapid spread of the virus. Therefore, it is important to study computerized models for infectious detection based on CT imaging. New deep learning-based approaches are developed for CT assisted diagnosis of COVID-19. However, most of the current studies are based on a small size dataset of COVID-19 CT images as there are less publicly available datasets for patient privacy reasons. As a result, the performance of deep learning-based detection models needs to be improved based on a small size dataset. In this paper, a stacked autoencoder detector model is proposed to greatly improve the performance of the detection models such as precision rate and recall rate. Firstly, four autoencoders are constructed as the first four layers of the whole stacked autoencoder detector model being developed to extract better features of CT images. Secondly, the four autoencoders are cascaded together and connected to the dense layer and the softmax classifier to constitute the model. Finally, a new classification loss function is constructed by superimposing reconstruction loss to enhance the detection accuracy of the model. The experiment results show that our model is performed well on a small size COVID-2019 CT image dataset. Our model achieves the average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score rate of 94.7%, 96.54%, 94.1%, and 94.8%, respectively. The results reflect the ability of our model in discriminating COVID-19 images which might help radiologists in the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652058/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-02002-w id: cord-341105-3uvbfp8c author: Li, Dian-Jeng title: COVID-19-Related Factors Associated with Sleep Disturbance and Suicidal Thoughts among the Taiwanese Public: A Facebook Survey date: 2020-06-22 words: 4408.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341105-3uvbfp8c.txt summary: Their self-reported experience of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts in the previous week were collected along with a number of COVID-19-related factors, including level of worry, change in social interaction and daily lives, any academic/occupational interference, levels of social and specific support, and self-reported physical health. The results demonstrated that current sleep disturbance was significantly associated with several factors, including younger age (cOR = 0.99; p = 0.002), more severe worry about COVID-19 (cOR = 1.07; p < 0.001), more severe impact of COVID-19 on social interaction (cOR = 1.14; p = 0.001), lower perceived social support (cOR = 0.87; p < 0.001), lower self-reported physical health (cOR = 0.76; p < 0.001), higher academic/occupational interference (cOR = 1.20; p < 0.001), lower COVID-19-specified support (cOR = 0.85; p < 0.001), and more household disinfection (cOR = 1.23; p = 0.03). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted many aspects of people’s lives all over the world. This Facebook survey study aimed to investigate the COVID-19-related factors that were associated with sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts among members of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. The online survey recruited 1970 participants through a Facebook advertisement. Their self-reported experience of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts in the previous week were collected along with a number of COVID-19-related factors, including level of worry, change in social interaction and daily lives, any academic/occupational interference, levels of social and specific support, and self-reported physical health. In total, 55.8% of the participants reported sleep disturbance, and 10.8% reported having suicidal thoughts in the previous week. Multiple COVID-19-related factors were associated with sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts in the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased worry about COVID-19, more severe impact of COVID-19 on social interaction, lower perceived social support, more severe academic/occupational interference due to COVID-19, lower COVID-19-specified support, and poorer self-reported physical health were significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Less handwashing, lower perceived social support, lower COVID-19-specified support, poorer self-reported physical health, and younger age were significantly associated with suicidal thoughts. Further investigation is needed to understand the changes in mental health among the public since the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580433/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124479 id: cord-320208-uih4jf8w author: Li, Diya title: Modeling Spatiotemporal Pattern of Depressive Symptoms Caused by COVID-19 Using Social Media Data Mining date: 2020-07-10 words: 8951.0 sentences: 527.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320208-uih4jf8w.txt summary: In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical PHQ lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. We assessed the level of stress expressed in COVID-19 related tweets by integrating a lexicon-based method derived from established clinical assessment questionnaire PHQ-9 [46] . The CorEx algorithm combined with clinical stress measure index (PHQ-9) helped to minimize human interventions and human language ambiguity in social media data mining for stress detection and provided accurate stress symptom measures of Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: By 29 May 2020, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 had spread to 188 countries, infecting more than 5.9 million people, and causing 361,249 deaths. Governments issued travel restrictions, gatherings of institutions were cancelled, and citizens were ordered to socially distance themselves in an effort to limit the spread of the virus. Fear of being infected by the virus and panic over job losses and missed education opportunities have increased people’s stress levels. Psychological studies using traditional surveys are time-consuming and contain cognitive and sampling biases, and therefore cannot be used to build large datasets for a real-time depression analysis. In this article, we propose a CorExQ9 algorithm that integrates a Correlation Explanation (CorEx) learning algorithm and clinical Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) lexicon to detect COVID-19 related stress symptoms at a spatiotemporal scale in the United States. The proposed algorithm overcomes the common limitations of traditional topic detection models and minimizes the ambiguity that is caused by human interventions in social media data mining. The results show a strong correlation between stress symptoms and the number of increased COVID-19 cases for major U.S. cities such as Chicago, San Francisco, Seattle, New York, and Miami. The results also show that people’s risk perception is sensitive to the release of COVID-19 related public news and media messages. Between January and March, fear of infection and unpredictability of the virus caused widespread panic and people began stockpiling supplies, but later in April, concerns shifted as financial worries in western and eastern coastal areas of the U.S. left people uncertain of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on their lives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664388/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144988 id: cord-312905-8xlt92pl author: Li, Guanjian title: Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-04-09 words: 690.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312905-8xlt92pl.txt summary: At the time of writing this paper, the authors claimed that "evidence regarding transmission from individuals with asymptomatic infection or mild illness is limited", but that the current evidence may need an update. Recently, two epidemiological studies on COVID-19 have reported that typically asymptomatic carriers transmit the virus to close contacts, resulting in aggregated infection of symptomatic COVID-19 diseases [2, 3] . This study used a prospective design to follow up the viral load and clinical manifestations of 2147 close contacts of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The authors suggested that the transmission ability of asymptomatic individuals should not be ignored. First Mildly Ill, Non-Hospitalized Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Without Viral Transmission in the United States Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing The epidemiological characteristics of infection in close contacts of COVID-19 in Ningbo city abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa418 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa418 id: cord-251961-g0n85kxz author: Li, Guoming title: Safety and efficacy of Artemisinin-Piperaquine for treatment of COVID-19: an open-label, non-randomized, and controlled trial date: 2020-11-02 words: 3408.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251961-g0n85kxz.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, the time to reach undetectable SARS-CoV-2 was significantly shorter in the AP group than that in the control group. According to the "China''s Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) ", COVID-19 patients are usually categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and critical based on their symptoms. Initially, this trial was an open-label randomized parallel-group controlled trial intended to compare the efficacy and safety of AP tablets in comparison with hydroxychloroquine to treat patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. And the rate of patients to undetected SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR at day 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 during drug administration, the CT images results within ten days, the abnormal laboratory index and adverse events would be compared between the two treatments. abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no effective therapies for patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Forty-one patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: artemisinin-piperaquine (AP) group (n=23) and control group (n=18). The primary outcome was the time taken to reach undetectable levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the percentage of participants with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 on day 7, 10, 14, and 28. The computed tomography (CT) imaging changes within ten days, the corrected QT interval changes, adverse events, and abnormal laboratory parameters were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS: The mean time to reach undetectable viral RNA (mean± standard deviation) was 10.6±1.1 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4-12.8) for AP group and 19.3±2.1 days (95% CI: 15.1-23.5) for the control group. The percentage of patients with undetectable viral RNA on day 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 were 26.1%, 43.5%, 78.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, in the AP group and 5.6%, 16.7%, 44.4%, 55.6% and 72.2%, respectively, in the control group. The CT imaging within ten days post-treatment showed no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Both groups had mild adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, the time to reach undetectable SARS-CoV-2 was significantly shorter in the AP group than that in the control group. However, physicians should consider the QT interval changes before using AP. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0924857920304271 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106216 id: cord-272270-cfpd45qf author: Li, H. title: Utah-Stanford Ventilator (Vent4US): Developing a rapidlyscalable ventilator for COVID-19 patients with ARDS date: 2020-04-22 words: 3116.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272270-cfpd45qf.txt summary: Many of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU present with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the clinical management of which involves intubation and mechanical ventilation which can last two weeks. Furthermore, many low-capacity healthcare settings across the world are projected to face extreme shortages of ventilators and ICU beds for COVID-19 patients: recent reports found that the Central African Republic (pop. Next steps include implementing and testing pressure control and pressure support with linear actuator-driven proportional pinch valves, more in-depth characterization of the system in terms of the parameter space that it can operate in, and completing the system with other components which remain to be integrated (Supplementary Figure S2 ). a. Interface to ISO 5359:2014 and/or ISO 18082:2014-standard connectors to externally-provided medical air and O2 sources supplied through wall flow limiters outputting at a total flow rate between 20 -25 L/min and pressures of up to 65 psi. abstract: We describe a minimum, rapidly scalable ventilator designed for COVID-19 patients with ARDS. Our design philosophy is not only to try to address potential ventilator shortages, but also to account for uncertainties in the supply chains of parts commonly used in traditional ventilators. To do so we employ a modular design approach and broadly explore taking advantage of parts from non-traditional supply chains. In our current prototype, we demonstrate volume control with assist control on a test lung and present a linear actuator-driven pinch valve-based implementation for both pressure control and volume control with decelerating inspiratory flow. We estimate the component cost of the system to be around $500. We publish our draft design documents and current implementation which is open and accessible in the hope that broadening the community globally will accelerate arriving at a solution and that peer review will improve the final design. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.18.20070367v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070367 id: cord-341650-f8orw6ro author: Li, Hailan title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 words: 511.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt summary: title: Regarding "Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial" Regarding ''''Ruxolitinib in Q 1 treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial'''' Q 2 To the Editor: We read with great interest the article titled ''''Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial'''' by Cao et al. 1 The study, which finally included 41 patients, evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19 cases. First, the duration from illness onset to randomization, 22 days for the control group and 20 days for the ruxolitinib group, was not appropriate because according to literature reports, 2-4 the course (from illness onset to discharge) of severe patients was about 27 to 30 days. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 id: cord-298774-l4jwlc8p author: Li, Haomin title: Changes in Children’s Healthcare Visits During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hangzhou, China date: 2020-05-19 words: 944.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298774-l4jwlc8p.txt summary: We calculated the rate of each disease in all visiting before and after Jan 25, 2020, and using the change rate (CR = rate in all visiting after outbreak / rate in all visiting before outbreak) and daily visiting number before and after outbreak (DVN before and DVN after ) to show changes of children''s health during the pandemic under rigorous epidemic control measures. Coincident with COVID-19 restrictions, the daily number of pediatric visits after Jan 25, 2020 fell to about only one quarter compared with the historical data in 2019 due to the measures such as restriction of travel and social distancing , home quarantine and infection prevention and control in the hospital which suspended some services. Measures such as restriction of travel and social distancing, home quarantine and infection prevention and control in the hospital, which necessitated suspending some services, likely were causes for both decrease in visits for some conditions and increase in visits for other conditions. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022347620305874?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.013 id: cord-349645-6o8773c5 author: Li, He title: Air Pollution and temperature are associated with increased COVID-19 incidence: a time series study date: 2020-06-02 words: 3018.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349645-6o8773c5.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective study is conducted to study whether air quality index (AQI), four ambient air pollutants (PM(2.5), PM(10), NO(2) and CO) and five meteorological variables (daily temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, temperature difference and sunshine duration) could increase COVID-19 incidence in Wuhan and XiaoGan between Jan 26(th) to Feb 29(th) in 2020. In this retrospective study, we attempted to conduct an exploratory analysis looking at the association between environment conditions (including ambient pollutants and meteoroidal parameter) and COVID-19 incidence/mortality in Wuhan, given a city-wide lockdown and varying pollution/meteorological data throughout the entire study period. In the current study, although the NO 2 level was constantly lower than the US EPA standards (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2016), our data revealed that COVID-19 incidence were highly correlated with the ambient NO 2 concentration. The correlation between the COVID-19 incidence and three ambient air pollution along with five meteorological parameters Jan 26 th to Feb 29 th in 2020 in Wuhan and XiaoGan, China. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the COVID-19 is known to cause by human-to-human transmission, it remains largely unclear whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters could promote its transmission. METHODS: A retrospective study is conducted to study whether air quality index (AQI), four ambient air pollutants (PM(2.5), PM(10), NO(2) and CO) and five meteorological variables (daily temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, temperature difference and sunshine duration) could increase COVID-19 incidence in Wuhan and XiaoGan between Jan 26(th) to Feb 29(th) in 2020. RESULTS: First, a significant correlation was found between COVID-19 incidence and AQI in both Wuhan (R(2) = 0.13, p < 0.05) and XiaoGan (R(2) = 0.223, p < 0.01). Specifically, among four pollutants, COVID-19 incidence was prominently correlated with PM(2.5) and NO(2) in both cities. In Wuhan, the tightest correlation was observed between NO(2) and COVID-19 incidence (R(2) = 0.329, p < 0.01). In XiaoGan, in addition to the PM(2.5) (R(2) = 0.117, p < 0.01) and NO(2) (R(2) = 0.015, p < 0.05), a notable correlation was also observed between the PM(10) and COVID-19 incidence (R(2) = 0.105, p < 0.05). Moreover, temperature is the only meteorological parameter that constantly correlated well with COVID-19 incidence in both Wuhan and XiaoGan, but in an inverse correlation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AQI, PM(2.5), NO(2), and temperature are four variables that could promote the sustained transmission of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220303830 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.076 id: cord-338901-1kzy7rts author: Li, Heng title: Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-06-17 words: 5098.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338901-1kzy7rts.txt summary: According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. In these 155 pooled clinical trials, a number of approved chemical and biomacromolecule drugs have been used in COVID-19 treatment clinical trials for drug repurposing, most of which are nucleotide analogs and protease inhibitors against other viral pathogens, including influenza virus, HIV and HCV. In vitro studies have shown that lopinavir/ritonavir can inhibit the replication of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV and exert antiviral effects [22] [23] [24] [25] . In the latest "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia", it is recommended to use ribavirin at a dose of 500 mg each time for adults and in combination with interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir, with 2-3 intravenous infusions daily. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 2,500,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 as of April 22. In response to this epidemic, China has issued seven trial versions of diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19. According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. Moreover, with further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virus, new drugs targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 viral components arise and investigations on these novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are also reviewed. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y doi: 10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y id: cord-274313-mrvk9r4w author: Li, Hui title: SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses date: 2020-04-17 words: 2428.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274313-mrvk9r4w.txt summary: With evidence collected from autopsy studies on COVID-19 and basic science research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, we have put forward several hypotheses about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis after multiple rounds of discussion among basic science researchers, pathologists, and clinicians working on COVID-19. Whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to directly attack vascular endothelial cells expressing high levels of ACE2, 13 and then lead to abnormal coagulation and sepsis, still needs to be explored. On the basis of observations from COVID-19 patients, we hypothesise that in mild cases, resident macrophages initiating lung inflammatory responses were able to contain the virus after SARS-CoV-2 infection; both innate and adaptive immune responses were efficiently established to curb the viral replication so that the patient would recover quickly. Meanwhile, the direct attack on other organs by disseminated SARS-CoV-2, the immune pathogenesis caused by the systemic cytokine storm, and the microcirculation dysfunctions together lead to viral sepsis (figure). abstract: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians have tried every effort to understand the disease, and a brief portrait of its clinical features have been identified. In clinical practice, we noticed that many severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients developed typical clinical manifestations of shock, including cold extremities and weak peripheral pulses, even in the absence of overt hypotension. Understanding the mechanism of viral sepsis in COVID-19 is warranted for exploring better clinical care for these patients. With evidence collected from autopsy studies on COVID-19 and basic science research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV, we have put forward several hypotheses about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis after multiple rounds of discussion among basic science researchers, pathologists, and clinicians working on COVID-19. We hypothesise that a process called viral sepsis is crucial to the disease mechanism of COVID-19. Although these ideas might be proven imperfect or even wrong later, we believe they can provide inputs and guide directions for basic research at this moment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30920-x doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30920-x id: cord-294242-amj0ohw3 author: Li, Jia title: Electrophysiology in the time of coronavirus: coping with the great wave. date: 2020-03-30 words: 3278.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294242-amj0ohw3.txt summary: Following an intense nationwide program of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after February 18th allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients. Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity. In each of the centres, routine activity of the EP lab was suspended within a week of the first locally diagnosed COVID-19 case in the hospital (table 1). The primary reason for the prompt suspension in each case was the concern that continuing to admit patients for elective procedures would expose patients to the risk of infection from undiagnosed COVID-19 patients already in the hospital. A small number of patients required emergency ablation during the period of restricted activity (table 2, figure 2), but this represented less than 5% of the normal workload of the centres. abstract: Aims: To chart the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of interventional electrophysiology services in affected regions. Methods: We reviewed the electrophysiology laboratory records in 3 affected cities: Wenzhou in China, Milan in Italy and London, United Kingdom. We interviewed electrophysiologists in each centre to gather information on the impact of the pandemic on working patterns and on the health of staff members. Results: There was a striking decline in interventional electrophysiology activity in each of the centres. The decline occurred within a week of the recognition of widespread community transmission of the virus in each region and shows a striking correlation with the national figures for new diagnoses of COVID-19 in each case. During the period of restriction, work-flow dropped to <5% of normal, consisting of emergency cases only. In 2 of 3 centres, electrophysiologists were redeployed to perform emergency work outside electrophysiology. Among the centres studied, only Wenzhou has seen a recovery from the restrictions in activity. Following an intense nationwide program of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after February 18th allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients. Conclusion: Interventional electrophysiology is vulnerable to closure in times of great social difficulty including the COVID-19 pandemic. Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20044776 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20044776 id: cord-304124-ym9mf5wz author: Li, Jia title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia date: 2020-06-12 words: 2736.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304124-ym9mf5wz.txt summary: title: Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compared severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) groups. The inclusion criteria were: (1) cohort studies or case-control studies reporting the clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV2infection; (2) one or more clinical features were analyzed, including epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, comorbidities, treatment, complications, and outcomes; (3) patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, e.g., severe and non-severe groups or ICU and non-ICU groups. We extracted and analyzed items from eligible studies including the country, year, date of publication, the number of reported cases, sex, age, clinical symptoms and signs, comorbidities, laboratory findings, complications, and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection who had severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) disease. abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, outcomes and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compared severe (ICU) and non-severe (non-ICU) groups. RESULTS: We included 12 cohort studies including 2445 patients with COVID-19. Compared with non-severe (non-ICU) patients, severe (ICU) disease was associated with a smoking history (P=0.003) and comorbidities including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=5.08, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=3.17, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=2.40, P<0.001), coronary heart disease (OR=2.66, P<0.001), cerebrovascular diseases (OR=2.68, P=0.008), and malignancy (OR=2.21, P=0.040). We found significant differences between the two groups for fever, dyspnea, decreased lymphocyte and platelet counts, and increased leukocyte count, C-creative protein, procalcitonin, lactose dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine kinase, and creatinine levels (P<0.05). Significant differences were also observed for multiple treatments (P<0.05). Patients in the severe (ICU) group were more likely to have complications and had a much higher mortality rate and lower discharge rate than those with non-severe (non-ICU) disease (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Investigation of clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe cases of COVID-19 will contribute to early prediction, accurate diagnosis, and treatment to improve the prognosis of patients with severe illness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320303692?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.008 id: cord-353735-d81ujjxv author: Li, Jiannan title: The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China date: 2020-08-12 words: 1906.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353735-d81ujjxv.txt summary: title: The Episode of National Lockdown in the Pandemic: Air Traffic Restriction as the Control Strategy and Its Impact on Existing Cases and Recovery Rate of Novel Coronavirus Disease in Megacities of China CONCLUSION: On the macro level, the air traffic restriction may help alleviate the growth of existing cases and help raise the recovery rate of COVID-19 in megacities of China, but both these effects will marginally recede as the restriction strength is intensifying. As such, results of Table 1 show that the relations between air traffic restriction and the existing cases, and the recovery rate of COVID-19 are not linear. Since the real-time data regarding car, bus, and train are not available, the impact of land transportation restriction on the existing cases and recovery rate of COVID-19 cannot be examined. With the availability of real-time data of land transport, future research can make a comprehensive investigation on policy effectiveness of traffic restriction in containing the spread of infectious diseases. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of air traffic restriction in containing the spread of infectious diseases is full of controversy in prior literature. In January 2020, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) announced air traffic restriction in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study’s aim is to empirically examine the policy effectiveness. METHOD: The data from 2 third-party platforms are used in this investigation. The COVID-19 data from the platform DXY and the air traffic data from Airsavvi are matched to each other. The robust panel regression with controlling city effect and time effect is conducted. RESULTS: The curvilinear relations are found between the air traffic restriction and the existing cases, and the recovery rate (quadratic term = 9.006 and −0.967, respectively). As the strength of air traffic restriction is growing, the negative effect (-8.146) of air traffic restriction on the existing cases and the positive effect (0.961) of air traffic restriction on the recovery rate, respectively, begin decreasing. CONCLUSION: On the macro level, the air traffic restriction may help alleviate the growth of existing cases and help raise the recovery rate of COVID-19 in megacities of China, but both these effects will marginally recede as the restriction strength is intensifying. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.294 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.294 id: cord-255457-jlbg8jdv author: Li, Jiawei title: Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-24 words: 2906.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255457-jlbg8jdv.txt summary: RESULT: There was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of ground glass opacities, consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, fiber cable shadow and axial interstitial thickening between the study group and control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we have explored the application of low-dose chest CT scans in the follow-up of patients with COVID-19 using Care Dose 4D combined with Karl''s 3D iterative reconstruction technology compared with conventional-dose chest CT. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus. Previous studies have shown that the chest CT examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19. However, some patients with COVID-19 had low white blood cell counts and reduced lymphocyte ratios. Multiple CT examinations may cause radiation damages as well as increase the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A new low-dose CT method should be developed because the regular CT may aggravate the disease. METHOD: Sixty cases were randomly divided into the study group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The lung window was reconstructed by Karl 3D iterative technique in the study group. The image quality was subjectively evaluated by two senior chest group diagnostic physicians using a 5-point double-blind method. The value of CT measurement and its standard deviation (SD) was used as an objective evaluation criteria. The volume of CT dose index (CTDI(vol)), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) from the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. RESULT: There was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of ground glass opacities, consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, fiber cable shadow and axial interstitial thickening between the study group and control group (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found for the subjective score of overall image quality and image noise level (SD) between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, significant differences was found in CTDI(vol), DLP, and ED between the study group and the control group (p < 0.05). The effective dose of the study group was reduced by 76% compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32448136/ doi: 10.1186/s12880-020-00456-5 id: cord-173774-idj19hd3 author: Li, Jinfeng title: COVID-19 Contact-tracing Apps: a Survey on the Global Deployment and Challenges date: 2020-05-07 words: 1671.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-173774-idj19hd3.txt summary: There is an ongoing debate on the deployment of the Apps regarding their technology framework, i.e. centralised [3, 4] versus decentralised [5, 6] , and their corresponding sensor technologies, i.e. the Global Positioning System (GPS) integrated with Quick Response (QR) codes scanning [7, 8] and big data analysis [9,10], versus the wireless Bluetooth devices [11] enabled by microwave [12, 13] and millimetre-wave [14] [15] [16] [17] communications. These Apps follow the DP-3T (Decentralised Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing) [19] data protection solution recently developed by the European Academics. 6. Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology framework [20] (yet to be released in May) -privacy-preserving contact tracing, Bluetooth based, decentralised, free of GPS. We produce the first geolocation mapping for the global deployment of the COVID-19 contact-tracing apps in Fig. 1 , with the format codes in an order of the country name, App name, the number of users (download times), and the underpinning technologies (GPS, QR codes, Bluetooth). abstract: To address the massive spike in uncertainties triggered by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is an ever-increasing number of national governments that are rolling out contact-tracing Apps to aid the containment of the virus. The first hugely contentious issue facing the Apps is the deployment framework, i.e. centralized or decentralized. Based on this, the debate branches out to the corresponding technologies that underpin these architectures, i.e. GPS, QR codes, and Bluetooth. This work conducts a pioneering review of the above scenarios and contributes a geolocation mapping of the current deployment. The Apps vulnerabilities and the directions of research are identified, with a special focus on the Bluetooth-inspired decentralized paradigm. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.03599v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author: Li, Jingwei title: The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 7841.0 sentences: 499.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt summary: According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, only a suspected case has one of the pieces of evidence of etiology or serology, such as positive nucleic acid, confirmation of gene sequencing, and virus specific antibody, to be confirmed to be COVID-19 patient, 55 and the suspected cases were identified by a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological history and clinical manifestations. 64 There have been tens of clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficiency of chloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, and its mechanism can be described as interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 or alkalizing the phagolysosome to inhibit viral replication, 65, 66 which prevents the SARS-Cov-2 entering the host cells. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by a novel pneumonia virus, has affected over 200 countries and regions worldwide. With the increasing number of patients and deaths, WHO have declared it as a global pandemic currently, indicating a third large-scale epidemic coronavirus has appeared since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the twenty-first century. Considering the great harm it has caused, researchers throughout the world have been chasing to exploit the pathophysiology, characteristics, and potential remedies for COVID-19 to better battle the outbreak. Therefore, the current study revisits advances of the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prevention of COVID-19. The features of asymptomatic carriers are also been explored. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7376264/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa017 id: cord-267923-0z175ysz author: Li, Jingwen title: Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 words: 804.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267923-0z175ysz.txt summary: Wuhan Red Cross Hospital (WRCH), a general hospital and a trusteeship hospital of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, happened to be the first one in these designated hospitals that turned into a healthcare system specialized in treating COVID-19 patients. Although there was no protocol available on how to urgently transform a general hospital into an infectious disease hospital, at WRCH we changed our outpatients department into fever patients-only clinic in 8 hours and completed a ten-step reform of the whole hospital within 48 hours. As the first step, we set up a full time emergency leading group, an infection prevention team and a Medical Treatment Expert Group to coordinate and oversee COVID-19 operation for the whole hospital. Fourth, training all medical staff with infectious disease hospital instructions for self-protection and COVID-19 treatment with a standard protocol of Chinese Guideline. Psychiatry hospital management facing COVID-19: From medical staff to patients Management strategies in emergent hospital reform for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120307996 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.016 id: cord-261141-w4bqp9xr author: Li, Jinpeng title: Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-19 words: 2075.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261141-w4bqp9xr.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of emergency surgery patients-infected COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate clinical symptom and epidemiological features of ESP-infected COVID-19 SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Almost one million of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients were diagnosed in the world wide from December 2019 to now. CONCLUSION: In our study, the clinical symptoms of ESP-infected COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reported common COVID-19 pneumonia cases. Although these reports investigated the risk for the healthcare workers and also made the stringent relative procedure, no one focused on the risk of emergency surgery patients (ESP) with COVID-19 pneumonia. In summary, ESP-infected COVID-19 pneumonia has a great threat for health care workers. In our study, the clinical symptoms of ESP-infected COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reported common COVID-19 pneumonia cases and the health care workers were confirmed to expose great risk in ESP with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate clinical symptom and epidemiological features of ESP-infected COVID-19 SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Almost one million of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients were diagnosed in the world wide from December 2019 to now. Thousands of emergency operations were carried out in the interim. However no one focused on the clinical symptom of emergency surgery patients (ESP) with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 164 ESP with or without COVID-19 pneumonia in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from January 1 to January 20, 2020. The final date of follow-up was February 5, 2020. The associated clinical, laboratory, epidemiological, demographic, radiological and outcome data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Of 164 ESP, the median age was 41 years old (interquartile range (IQR), 29-89) and 136 (82.9%) were women. Associated main clinical symptom including fever (93 [56.7%]), dry cough (56 [34.2%]), fatigue (86 [52.4%]), nausea (78 [47.6%]) and dizziness (77 [47%]). Of 54 ESP-infected COVID-19 patients, the median age was 46 (IQR: 25-89) and 45 (83.3%) were women. The pathological clinical symptoms including fever (54 [100%]), fatigue (48 [88.9%]), nausea (52 [96.3%]), dizziness (46 [85.2%]) and dry cough (44 [81.5%]) were investigated; the lymphopenia (0.37×10(9)/L [IQR: 0.23-0.65]) and increased C-reactive protein (24.7×10(9)/L [IQR: 13.57-38]) were observed. The preoperative fever and postoperative fever in ESP with or without COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed in this study. Of 54 ESP with COVID-19 patients, 15 (27.8%) patients showed preoperative fever, 54 (100%) had the postoperative fever; Of 110 non-COVID-19 of ESP, 5 (4.5%) patients had preoperative fever, 31 (28.2%) patients had the postoperative fever. The fever in ESP with COVID-19 lasted more than 7 days, markedly exceeded the non-COVID-19 patients (lasted about 3 days). Furthermore, 43 health care workers were infected from exposed to ESP with COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: In our study, the clinical symptoms of ESP-infected COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reported common COVID-19 pneumonia cases. Additionally, the health care workers were confirmed to expose great risk in ESP with COVID-19 pneumonia. Management guidelines of ESP were described in our paper. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.05.007 doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.05.007 id: cord-355713-zupocnuf author: Li, Junxiong title: Changing Grocery Shopping Behaviours Among Chinese Consumers At The Outset Of The COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-12 words: 4058.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355713-zupocnuf.txt summary: Indeed, earlier research has shown that major pandemics, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 or the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2015, can have major impacts on supply chains (Cavinato 2004; Oke & Gopalakrishnan 2009 ) and consumer behaviour in retail with a specific focus on online food shopping even if most of this research has been carried out primarily from a hospitality (Alan et al. 2007; Hansen 2008) , the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was adopted for this study to analyse planned changes in consumers'' food shopping behaviour during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, in line with research published recently on the impacts of this pandemic on food supply chains, where authors speculated with major potential changes to consumer behaviour in grocery retailing in Canada and elsewhere (Richards & Rickard 2020) . abstract: This study focuses on the embryonic stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, where most people affected opted to abide by the Chinese government’s national self‐quarantine campaign. This resulted in major disruptions to one of the most common market processes in retail: food retailing. The research adopts the theory of planned behaviour to provide early empirical insights into changes in consumer behaviour related to food purchases during the initial stages of the COVID‐19 outbreak in China. Data from the online survey carried out suggest that the outbreak triggered considerable levels of switching behaviours among customers, with farmers’ markets losing most of their customers, while local small independent retailers experienced the highest levels of resilience in terms of customer retention. This study suggests avenues for further scholarly research and policy making related to the impact this behaviour may be having around the world on society’s more vulnerable groups, particularly the elderly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836486/ doi: 10.1111/tesg.12420 id: cord-330887-q5i8lpan author: Li, K. title: The Dynamic Changes of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during the Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 4021.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330887-q5i8lpan.txt summary: By comprehensively analyzing the laboratory findings of 1,850 patients, we describe the dynamic changes of the total antibody, spike protein (S)-, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-, and nucleoprotein (N)specific IgM and IgG levels during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. Our results indicate that the S-, RBD-, and Nspecific IgG generation of severe/critical COVID-19 patients is one week later than mild/moderate cases, while the levels of these antibodies are 1.5-fold higher in severe/critical patients during hospitalization (P<0.01). To explore the temporal dynamics of immune response after SARS-Cov-2 infection, we analyzed the antibody levels at different time points after symptoms onset, and the timing and level were compared between mild/moderate and severe/critical COVID-19 Results showed that total IgG, S-, RBD-, and N-specific IgG levels of the severe/critical COVID-19 patients were lower than that of the mild/moderate patients on admission, but these levels sharply increased during hospitalization and on discharge ( Figure 1 , Table 1 ). abstract: Deciphering the dynamic changes of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is essential for understanding the immune response in COVID-19 patients. By comprehensively analyzing the laboratory findings of 1,850 patients, we describe the dynamic changes of the total antibody, spike protein (S)-, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-, and nucleoprotein (N)- specific IgM and IgG levels during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. Our results indicate that the S-, RBD-, and N- specific IgG generation of severe/critical COVID-19 patients is one week later than mild/moderate cases, while the levels of these antibodies are 1.5-fold higher in severe/critical patients during hospitalization (P<0.01). The decrease of these IgG levels indicates the poor outcome of severe/critical patients. The RBD- and S-specific IgG levels are 2-fold higher in virus-free patients (P<0.05). Notably, we found that the patients who got re-infected had a low level of protective antibody on discharge. Therefore, our evidence proves that the dynamic changes of antibodies could provide an important reference for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment, and shed new light on the precise management of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105155 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105155 id: cord-305582-3hmsknon author: Li, Lei title: Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 6155.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305582-3hmsknon.txt summary: In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. According to the latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines, confirmed cases infected with 2019-nCoV are classified to have severe illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) anhelation, respiratory rate ≥ 30 times/min; (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤ 93%; (3) PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg; and classified to be the critical/life-threatening illness once complying with one of the following symptoms: (1) respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation needed; (2) shock; (3) other organ dysfunction syndrome and requirement of intensive care unit admission. abstract: Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32307593/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00661-z id: cord-277862-yl7m77fo author: Li, M. title: Identifying novel factors associated with COVID-19 transmission and fatality using the machine learning approach date: 2020-06-12 words: 3935.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277862-yl7m77fo.txt summary: To uncover the critical factors for COVID-19 risk within a single country, we used logistic models to predict COVID-19 cases, deaths, and CFRs in the 50 U.S. states. Consistent with the previous results, medium temperature, arid climate, social distancing (major sports events), per capita income, longitude, and the average age of childbirth were positive predictors of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and/or CFRs, and humidity, smoking rate, and international tourism revenue were negative predictors. To compare the relative contribution of high and low temperature in predicting COVID-19 risk, we built logistic models with both variables to predict COVID-19 cases, deaths, and CFRs in the 154 countries. Second, we identified novel factors associated with COVID19, including the unitary state governing system as a positive predictor of COVID-19 cases and deaths, blood type B as a protective factor for All rights reserved. abstract: The COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people and resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. By using the logistic regression model, we identified novel critical factors associated with COVID19 cases, death, and case fatality rates in 154 countries and in the 50 U.S. states. Among numerous factors associated with COVID-19 risk, we found that the unitary state system was counter-intuitively positively associated with increased COVID-19 cases and deaths. Blood type B was a protective factor for COVID-19 risk, while blood type A was a risk factor. The prevalence of HIV, influenza and pneumonia, and chronic lower respiratory diseases was associated with reduced COVID-19 risk. Obesity and the condition of unimproved water sources were associated with increased COVID-19 risk. Other factors included temperature, humidity, social distancing, smoking, and vitamin D intake. Our comprehensive identification of the factors affecting COVID-19 transmission and fatality may provide new insights into the COVID-19 pandemic and advise effective strategies for preventing and migrating COVID-19 spread. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.10.20127472 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20127472 id: cord-339044-qy4jab37 author: Li, Man title: Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Adult COVID-19 Patients in Wuhan: A Multicenter Study date: 2020-08-25 words: 2587.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339044-qy4jab37.txt summary: The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Meanwhile, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named "COVID-19." In China, according to the National Health Commission (2), a total of 82,341 cases were diagnosed, of which 77,892 patients were discharged, and 3,342 died as of April 15. In this study, we explored the potential host risk factors associated with death in a retrospective cohort of 245 laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the two appointed hospitals in Wuhan. Though the epidemiology of patients with COVID-19 is widely studied and reported, the death-related risk factors and detailed clinical characteristics of the disease have not been well-described. In addition to age factors, we also found D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, and platelet counts < 125 × 10 9 /L on admission were associated with fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Objectives: An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread quickly worldwide. However, the risk factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality remain controversial. Methods: A total of 245 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two centers were analyzed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors. To explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death, univariable and multivariable cox regression analyses were used. Results: Of the 245 patients included in this study, 23 (9.4%) died in the hospital. The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: We identified risk factors that show significant association with mortality in adult COVID-19 patients, and our findings provide valuable references for clinicians to identify high-risk patients with COVID-19 at an early stage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984387/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00545 id: cord-264510-3wdquuzy author: Li, Meng title: Chest CT features and their role in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 words: 2074.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264510-3wdquuzy.txt summary: According to the literature, the typical findings of chest CT images of individuals with COVID-19 are multifocal bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities (GGOs) or consolidation with interlobular septal and vascular thickening, mostly in the peripheral fields of the lungs. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Chest CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections from Wuhan, China: key points for the radiologist Evolution of CT manifestations in a patient recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia in Wuhan, China Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout China. This article reviews the chest CT features of COVID-19 and analyzes the role of chest CT in this health emergency. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.001 id: cord-347662-yk3cz0hq author: Li, Michael title: Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report date: 2020-11-09 words: 3300.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347662-yk3cz0hq.txt summary: EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. On this basis, physicians at our hospitals have administered Tocilizumab to COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory impairment off-label and outside of a clinical trial hoping to improve outcomes by preventing or ameliorating the development or progression of the COVID-19 related cytokine storm, thereby inhibiting the development of ARDS in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. Criteria for inclusion in the Tocilizumab treatment group included: 1) age of 18 years or older with a clinical presentation consistent with COVID-19 (e.g., fever, respiratory symptoms, and new pulmonary infiltrates), 2) laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by an RT-PCR test, and 3) outcome data available. abstract: IMPORTANCE: Pneumonia due to COVID-19 can lead to respiratory failure and death due to the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-6 receptor, is being administered off-label to some patients with COVID-19, and although early small studies suggested a benefit, there are no conclusive data proving its usefulness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with or without treatment with Tocilizumab. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective study of 1,938 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to hospitals within the Jefferson Health system in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between March 25, 2020 and June 17, 2020, of which 307 received Tocilizumab. EXPOSURES: Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes data related to length of stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), requirement of mechanical ventilation, and mortality were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The average age was 65.2, with 47% women; 36.4% were African-American. The average length of stay was 22 days with 26.3% of patients requiring admission to the ICU and 14.9% requiring mechanical ventilation. The overall mortality was 15.3%. Older age, admission to an ICU, and requirement for mechanical ventilation were associated with higher mortality. Treatment with Tocilizumab was also associated with higher mortality, which was mainly observed in subjects not requiring care in an ICU with estimated odds ratio (OR) of 2.9 (p = 0.0004). Tocilizumab treatment was also associated with higher likelihood of admission to an ICU (OR = 4.8, p < 0.0001), progression to requiring mechanical ventilation (OR = 6.6, p < 0.0001), and increased length of stay (OR = 16.2, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our retrospective analysis revealed an association between Tocilizumab administration and increased mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in subjects with COVID-19. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the true effect of Tocilizumab in this condition. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002962920304912?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.11.005 id: cord-284008-vlwdtjbe author: Li, Na title: The Application of Corticosteroids in COVID-19: A Two-edged Sword date: 2020-06-25 words: 3092.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284008-vlwdtjbe.txt summary: Their study revealed that proper corticosteroid treatment resulted in lower mortality and shorter hospitalization stay in patients with critical SARS with an oxygenation index (OI) of <300 mm Hg, and it was not associated with significant secondary lower respiratory infection and other complications. [21] described the effect of different doses of adjuvant corticosteroid therapy on 30-or 60-day mortality of patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viral pneumonia through a retrospective analysis. The results of stratified analysis based on the doses of corticosteroids showed that only treatment with low-to moderate-dose corticosteroid could reduce 30-and 60-day mortality of patients with severe infection with PaO2/FiO2 <300 mm Hg. However, corticosteroids at any dose increased the 60-day mortality of patients with mild infection with PaO2/FiO2 >300 mm Hg. Cao et al. [25] reported the clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with COVID-19 with ARDS in a study available on the medRxiv preprint server. abstract: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and requires the whole world to respond together. There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended at present for COVID-19. The patients must receive the supportive care to help relieve the symptoms and ensure appropriate infection control. Whether or not to use corticosteroids clinically caused controversy. This article has summarized previous researches about the using of corticosteroids in other viral pneumonia, related clinical data in COVID-19, and recommendations in Chinese guideline. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983928/ doi: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0011 id: cord-353862-7xe3fvd5 author: Li, Na title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study date: 2020-03-30 words: 3515.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353862-7xe3fvd5.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. An earlier study by Chen et al reported nine pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia, who took cesarean section in a tertiary hospital of Wuhan [8] . To date, none of previous studies have investigated the adverse effects of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy, by comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia to those without pneumonia. Similar to two previous reports of nine and one pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection [8, 22] , we did not find any evidence to support the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus via placenta or during cesarean section. Second, we collected the data of sixteen pregnant women with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases with typical CT imaging. abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious concerns about its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. There are limited data on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study to compare clinical characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS: During January 24 to February 29, 2020, there were sixteen pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and eighteen suspected cases who were admitted to labor in the third trimester. Two had vaginal delivery and the rest took cesarean section. Few patients presented respiratory symptoms (fever and cough) on admission, but most had typical chest CT images of COVID-19 pneumonia. Compared to the controls, COVID-19 pneumonia patients had lower counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on admission. Increased levels of WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, and CRP were found in postpartum blood tests of pneumonia patients. There were three (18.8%) and three (16.7%) of the mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia had preterm delivery due to maternal complications, which were significantly higher than the control group. None experienced respiratory failure during hospital stay. COVID-19 infection was not found in the newborns and none developed severe neonatal complications. CONCLUSION: Severe maternal and neonatal complications were not observed in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia who had vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Mild respiratory symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia highlight the need of effective screening on admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32249918/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa352 id: cord-275866-m89hgf41 author: Li, Ping title: Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-05-31 words: 2359.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275866-m89hgf41.txt summary: Methods 204 elderly patients (≥60 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31st to February 20th, 2020 were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that dyspnea (hazards ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.517;p < 0.001), older age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.070 to 1.123; p < 0.001), neutrophilia (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.310 to 15.061; p = 0.017) and elevated ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.471 to 10.433; p = 0.006) were independently associated with death. Univariate analysis showed age of 70 years or older, comorbidity (hypertension, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cardiovascular disease, COPD, chronic renal failure), onset of dyspnea, and several laboratory indices abnormalities were associated with poor outcome. This study suggests that the elderly patients of COVID-19 have a rapid course of the disease and a higher case fatality ratio. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Abstract Background The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. Methods 204 elderly patients (≥60 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31st to February 20th, 2020 were included in this study. Clinical endpoint was in-hospital death. Results Of the 204 patients, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were the most common coexisting conditions. 76 patients died in the hospital. Multivariate analysis showed that dyspnea (hazards ratio (HR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.414 to 3.517;p < 0.001), older age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.070 to 1.123; p < 0.001), neutrophilia (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.310 to 15.061; p = 0.017) and elevated ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.471 to 10.433; p = 0.006) were independently associated with death. Conclusion Although so far the overall mortality of COVID-19 is relatively low, the mortality of elderly patients is much higher. Early diagnosis and supportive care are of great importance for the elderly patients of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S120197122030415X doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.107 id: cord-333460-4ui8i9u5 author: Li, Qing title: The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China date: 2020-09-18 words: 3584.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333460-4ui8i9u5.txt summary: title: The Psychological Health Status of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Guangdong, China Similar to SARS and MERS, front-line healthcare workers (HCW) may be in direct contact with and have to care for patients and suspected cases of COVID-19; they are therefore at a particularly high risk of infection. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological status of HCW in Guangdong Province, China, and to identify coping strategies during the outbreak of COVID-19. However, surprisingly, the mean scores of the SAS (42.9) and SDS (47.8) of HCW indicated that they were in the normal range for both anxiety and depression, which seemed to differ from the results of previous studies on SARS and MERS (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) . abstract: Background: The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has caused mental stress on healthcare workers (HCW). This study aimed to assess their psychological health status at the peak of COVID-19 and to identify some coping strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted during the outbreak of COVID-19. The survey was completed by 908/924 HCW (response rate 98.27%) in government-designated hospitals in Guangdong, China. A quality of life (QoL) scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate their psychological status. Logistic regression models were used to identify the occupational factors related to anxiety or depression. Results: A total of 221 (24.34%) respondents had varying levels of anxiety, and 299 (32.93%) of them had depression. The mean SAS (42.9) and SDS (47.8) scores of HCW indicated that they were in the normal range for both anxiety and depression. Contact with COVID-19 cases or suspected cases, worry about suffering from COVID-19, worry about their family, and dismission during the COVID-19 period were significant work-related contributing factors to the psychological health problems of HCW (all p<0.01). Conclusions: The overall psychological health status of HCW in Guangdong, China, during the outbreak of COVID-19 was not overly poor. Updating and strengthening training in disease information, the provision of adequate medical supplies, and care about the life and health of medical staff and their family members may reduce their mental stress. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042955/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562885 id: cord-270669-hng8ivz2 author: Li, R. title: Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 infection from event attendance: Results from Louisiana, USA, two weeks preceding the national emergency declaration date: 2020-04-06 words: 3820.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270669-hng8ivz2.txt summary: Participants'' estimates of an impending national health crisis increased significantly during the study''s second week (March 9-12) while concern about personally contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events increased only marginally during the study''s final days. We find those expressing a higher likelihood of an impending national crisis were more concerned about contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events, suggesting a possible transmission from perceptions of national-level events to perceived personal vulnerability via local exposure. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049742 doi: medRxiv preprint plot in Figure 2 is that Local Vulnerability persistently lags National Likelihood, and does not 3 2 2 significantly exceed the 50% mark until the last day of the study, which is the first day after the 3 2 3 state of Louisiana had declared a public health emergency, but before LSU had cancelled classes 3 2 4 or campus events. abstract: In response to the mounting threat of COVID-19, we added questions to an ongoing food preference study held at Louisiana State University from March 3-12 of 2020. We asked 356 participants: (1) In your opinion, how likely is it that the spread of COVID-19 (the coronavirus) will cause a public health crisis in the United States? (2) How concerned are you that you will contract COVID-19 by attending events on campus? Participants' estimates of an impending national health crisis increased significantly during the study's second week (March 9-12) while concern about personally contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events increased only marginally during the study's final days. We find those expressing a higher likelihood of an impending national crisis were more concerned about contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events, suggesting a possible transmission from perceptions of national-level events to perceived personal vulnerability via local exposure. However, about 30% of participants perceived that COVID-19 would likely cause a public health crisis yet did not express concern about contracting COVID-19 from event attendance. These participants were significantly more likely to be younger students who agreed to participate in response to recruitment using same-day flyer distribution. Women expressed a higher likelihood of an emerging national health crisis, although they were not more concerned than men that attending campus events would result in virus contraction. Other groups (e.g., white, students younger than 25, highest income group) displayed similar concern about a national-level crisis, yet were significantly less concerned about contracting COVID-19 from attending campus events than others. Also, participants randomly assigned to information emphasizing the national impacts of food waste expressed significantly greater concern of contracting COVID-19 by attending campus events. These results provide some initial insight about how people perceived national and personal risks in the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis in Louisiana. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049742 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049742 id: cord-301027-b9urhbkh author: Li, R. title: Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi''an, China date: 2020-05-25 words: 4130.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301027-b9urhbkh.txt summary: title: Differences of clinical and imaging findings in multiple generations of secondary COVID-19 infection in Xi''an, China We evaluated differences in clinic and radiologic findings of multiple generations of COVID-19 infection in Xi''an (Shaanxi, China) to provide more clues for the correct estimate of the disease. In this study, we collected information of 99 cases who have basic demographic information, date of symptom onset, medical history and epidemiological information, and 62 among them with additional information including symptoms, chest CT scans, laboratory findings, as well as treatments and outcomes data. In our study, we focused on whether there are differences in clinical characteristics and chest CT signs among multiple generation patients with COVID-19 infection. The dynamic changing curve of total CT score in pulmonary lesions showed that severity and number of lesions increased in the first 10-15 days in all of the three generations patients, All rights reserved. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: PURPOSE: In the global presence of secondary infections with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little is known about the transmission characteristics of COVID-19 outside Wuhan, China. We evaluated differences in clinic and radiologic findings of multiple generations of COVID-19 infection in Xi'an (Shaanxi, China) to provide more clues for the correct estimate of the disease. METHODS: All COVID-19 infected patients reported in Xi'an up to 10 February 2020 were included for this analysis. Among these cases, clinical and chest CT data of 62 cases were obtained from three hospital in Xi'an. With this information, patients were grouped on basis of exposure history and transmission chains as first-generation, second-generation and third-generation patients. We described clinical characteristics and evaluated CT score/patterns in these COVID-19 cases. RESULTS: There was a clear age differences in multiple generations with COVID-19 infection. Above two thirds of the second-generation (75.0%) and third-generation patients (77.8%) were aged [≥]45 years while 40.0% of first-generation cases at this age (p=0.001). More than half of second-generation patients (52.8%) and third-generation patients (55.6%) have comorbidities and is predominantly hypertensive (22.8% of second-generation vs. 27.8% of third-generation infections). The main exposure of second- and third-generation patients in Xi'an is family exposure (35.2%). For evaluation of CT findings of pulmonary involvement, the total CT score were 4.22{+/-}3.00 in first-generation group, 4.35{+/-}3.03 in second-generation group and 7.62{+/-}3.56 in third-generation group (p<0.001). In all of three generations, the predominant pattern of abnormality observed was organizing pneumonia (65.5% in first-generation group, 61.5% in second-generation group and 71.4% in third-generation group). The average courses of the disease in third-generation infections has obviously extension (22.93{+/-}7.22 days of first-generation, 21.53{+/-}8.31 days of second-generation vs. 31.00{+/-}8.12 days of third-generation group, p=0.004). There were no significant differences of the pulmonary sequelae among three generation patients. CONCLUSION: There is more serious pulmonary infection of COVID-19 pneumonia in second- and third-generation patients, which might be attribute to the elder age and comorbidity of these patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.23.20109496v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20109496 id: cord-262049-c8uzehft author: Li, Ruilin title: Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-07-24 words: 3642.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt summary: The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19. abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and convenience sampling. The questionnaires were completed by 176 frontline clinical nurses. Anxiety was determined using the Hamilton anxiety scale. General data were collected using a survey. Correlation analyses were used. Among the 176 frontline nurses, 77.3% (136/176) had anxiety. The anxiety scores of the frontline clinical nurse fighting COVID-19 were 17.1 ± 8.1. Anxiety symptoms, mild to moderate anxiety symptoms, and severe anxiety symptoms were found in 27.3%, 25%, and 25% of the nurses, respectively. Sex, age, marital status, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety (P < .05). The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. Psychologic care guidance, counseling, and social support should be provided to the nurses to reduce their physical and mental burden. Nursing human resources in each province should be adjusted according to each province's reality. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021413 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021413 id: cord-307691-oufc6ywp author: Li, Runmin title: Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 words: 1687.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307691-oufc6ywp.txt summary: title: Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the Shufeng Jiedu capsule for COVID-19 were obtained from CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, regardless of publication date, or language. RESULTS: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shufeng Jiedu capsule in the treatment of COVID-19 and provide a more reasonable choice of medication in clinical practice. According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention, the 2 researchers (Xinyu Liu and Xin Ge) extracted the author, publication time, participant number, age, sex, intervention measures, course of disease/treatment, and outcome indicators, filled in the data extraction table, and compared them with each other. As an adjunct therapy of TCM, the Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 and been reported to be effective, but the lack of evidence-based medical evaluation limits its wide application. abstract: BACKGROUND: From the end of 2019 to the present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put considerable pressure on the worlds medical system and caused significant mortality and economic losses around the world. In China, the Shufeng Jiedu capsule has been widely used in the treatment of COVID-19, but there is still a lack of evidence-based medical evaluation. METHODS: According to the retrieval strategies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the Shufeng Jiedu capsule for COVID-19 were obtained from CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, regardless of publication date, or language. Studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14.2 software. Ultimately, the evidentiary grade for the results will be evaluated. RESULTS: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shufeng Jiedu capsule in the treatment of COVID-19 and provide a more reasonable choice of medication in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Our findings will provide references for future clinical decision and guidance development. REGISTRATION: INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202070024. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769921/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021615 id: cord-351917-0lcjskjf author: Li, S. title: Modifiable lifestyle factors and severe COVID-19 risk: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-10-21 words: 2169.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351917-0lcjskjf.txt summary: Methods Genome-wide significant genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), lifetime smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity identified by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were selected as instrumental variables. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of US suggests that people with obesity and smoking are at increased risk of COVID-19 severe illness 6 Mendelian randomization (MR) uses exposure-associated genetic variants as instrumental variables to assess the causality between exposures and outcomes 7 . preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in Sensitivity analyses were performed using MR-Egger regression 17 , weighted median method 18 and weighted mode method 19 , which relax some MR assumptions and allow some genetic instrumental variables to be invalid, but are less powerful than IVW method. abstract: Background Lifestyle factors including obesity and smoking are suggested to be related to increased risk of COVID-19 severe illness or related death. However, little is known about whether these relationships are causal, or the relationships between COVID-19 severe illness and other lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption and physical activity. Methods Genome-wide significant genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), lifetime smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity identified by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were selected as instrumental variables. GWAS summary statistics of these genetic variants for relevant lifestyle factors and severe illness of COVID-19 were obtained. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted. Results Both genetically predicted BMI and lifetime smoking were associated with about 2-fold increased risks of severe respiratory COVID-19 and COVID-19 hospitalization (all P<0.05). Genetically predicted physical activity was associated with about 5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4, 20.3; P=0.02) decreased risk of severe respiratory COVID-19, but not with COVID-19 hospitalization, though the majority of the 95% CI did not include one. No evidence of association was found for genetically predicted alcohol consumption, but associations were found when using pleiotropy robust methods. Conclusion Evidence is found that BMI and smoking causally increase and physical activity causally decreases the risk of COVID-19 severe illness. This study highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle in protecting from COVID-19 severe illness and its public health value in fighting against COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.19.20215525 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215525 id: cord-321455-ooouqna7 author: Li, Tao title: Characteristics of laboratory indexes in COVID-19 patients with non-severe symptoms in Hefei City, China: diagnostic value in organ injuries date: 2020-07-01 words: 2117.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321455-ooouqna7.txt summary: In the peripheral blood system of non-severe symptom COVID-19 patients, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin N-terminal, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 significantly decreased, and total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, human epididymal protein 4, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein were elevated. In the process of continuous monitoring, the expression of CRE in patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those in the controls on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days of admission, and showed an overall downward trend (Fig. 3a) . The expression of Ca 2+ in patients with COVID-19 were significantly lower than those in the controls on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th days of admission, and showed an overall upward trend (Fig. 3d ). abstract: This study compared the laboratory indexes in 40 non-severe COVID-19 patients with those in 57 healthy controls. In the peripheral blood system of non-severe symptom COVID-19 patients, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, total procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin N-terminal, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 significantly decreased, and total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation products, human epididymal protein 4, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein were elevated. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect hematopoiesis, hemostasis, coagulation, fibrinolysis, bone metabolism, thyroid, parathyroid glands, the liver, and the reproductive system. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03967-9 doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03967-9 id: cord-328484-4iptwc3n author: Li, Tao title: Clinical Characteristics of 312 Hospitalized Older Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-15 words: 3077.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328484-4iptwc3n.txt summary: Although some case series have been published, no previous studies focused on older patients exclusively (Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, 2020; Fu et al., 2020; . Further regression analysis suggested that age(OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.13-2.08), SOFA score(OR 5.89, 95%CI 3.48-7.96), APACHEⅡ score(OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.85-5.62), platelet count＜125×10 9 /L(OR 2.36, 95%CI 1.03-4.14), d-dimer(OR 4.37, 95%CI 2.58-7.16), creatinine＞133μmol/L(OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.12-3.04), interleukin-6(OR 4.32, 95%CI 2.07-7.13), and lung consolidation(OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.45-4.27) on admission were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 (Table 3) . This study compared clinical characteristics between non-severe and severe COVID-19 cases among older patients, and identified several risk factors for severe cases. This study identified several risk factors for severe COVID-19 cases among older patients. Age, SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score, platelet count＜125×109/L, d-dimer, creatinine＞ 133μmol/L, interleukin-6, and lung consolidation on admission were independent risk factors for severe cases among older patients with COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Much of the previous research on COVID-19 was based on all population. But substantial numbers of severe episodes occur in older patients. There is a lack of data about COVID-19 in older adults. The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics of older adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective study of older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from February 1 st to March 31 st, 2020 was conducted in the Sino-French New City Branch of Tongjing Hospital in Wuhan, China. According to the degree of severity of COVID-19 during hospitalization, 312 older patients were divided into non-severe and severe cases. RESULTS: the mean age of the patients was 69.2 ± 7.3 years, and 47.4% of patients had exposure history. 77.2% of patients had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common(57.1%), followed by diabetes(38.8%) and cardiovascular disease(29.8%). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of severe COVID-19 associated with age(OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.13-2.08), SOFA score(OR 5.89, 95%CI 3.48-7.96), APACHEⅡ score(OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.85-5.62), platelet count＜125 × 10(9)/L(OR 2.36, 95%CI 1.03-4.14), d-dimer(OR 4.37, 95%CI 2.58-7.16), creatinine＞133 μmol/L(OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.12-3.04), interleukin-6(OR 4.32, 95%CI 2.07-7.13), and lung consolidation(OR 1.94, 95%CI 1.45-4.27) on admission. The most common complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome(35.6%), followed by acute cardiac injury(33.0%) and coagulation disorders(30.8%). 91.7% of patients were prescribed antiviral therapy, followed by immune globulin(52.9%) and systemic glucocorticoids(43.6%). 21.8% of patients received invasive ventilation, 1.92% for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The overall mortality was 6.73%, and mortality of severe patients was 17.1%, which was higher than non-severe patients(0.962%). CONCLUSIONS: Older patients with COVID-19 had much more co-morbidity, complications and mortality. More attention should be paid to older patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104185 doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104185 id: cord-204060-ddve4mga author: Li, Tianyang title: Robust Screening of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray via Discriminative Cost-Sensitive Learning date: 2020-04-27 words: 6549.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-204060-ddve4mga.txt summary: In this paper, we report our solution, discriminative cost-sensitive learning (DCSL), which should be the choice if the clinical needs the assisted screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. In this paper, we propose an innovative discriminative cost-sensitive learning (DCSL) for the robust screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. We combine both advances into a deep neural network with end-to-end optimization, successfully achieving fine-grained cost-sensitive screening of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that we insightfully view the screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays as a fine-grained cost-sensitive classification problem. In this study, we introduce a score-level cost-sensitive learning approach based on an expert-provided cost matrix to improve the screening accuracy of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. The proposed discriminative cost-sensitive learning algorithm (DCSL) achieves the highest results on the screen-ing of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. abstract: This paper addresses the new problem of automated screening of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on chest X-rays, which is urgently demanded toward fast stopping the pandemic. However, robust and accurate screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays is still a globally recognized challenge because of two bottlenecks: 1) imaging features of COVID-19 share some similarities with other pneumonia on chest X-rays, and 2) the misdiagnosis rate of COVID-19 is very high, and the misdiagnosis cost is expensive. While a few pioneering works have made much progress, they underestimate both crucial bottlenecks. In this paper, we report our solution, discriminative cost-sensitive learning (DCSL), which should be the choice if the clinical needs the assisted screening of COVID-19 from chest X-rays. DCSL combines both advantages from fine-grained classification and cost-sensitive learning. Firstly, DCSL develops a conditional center loss that learns deep discriminative representation. Secondly, DCSL establishes score-level cost-sensitive learning that can adaptively enlarge the cost of misclassifying COVID-19 examples into other classes. DCSL is so flexible that it can apply in any deep neural network. We collected a large-scale multi-class dataset comprised of 2,239 chest X-ray examples: 239 examples from confirmed COVID-19 cases, 1,000 examples with confirmed bacterial or viral pneumonia cases, and 1,000 examples of healthy people. Extensive experiments on the three-class classification show that our algorithm remarkably outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms. It achieves an accuracy of 97.01%, a precision of 97%, a sensitivity of 97.09%, and an F1-score of 96.98%. These results endow our algorithm as an efficient tool for the fast large-scale screening of COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12592v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-348927-g69gt0oh author: Li, Tong title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-11-10 words: 1558.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348927-g69gt0oh.txt summary: title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia Extensive use of mechanical respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has helped to reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19 to less than 2% in some regions. Awake and fully mobile ECMO have proven to be beneficial in patients with ARDS induced by pneumocystis pneumonia, immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring extracorporeal life support. [5] [6] [7] However, the use of awake ECMO has not been reported in ARDS patients secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Profound hypoxemia and acute lung failure, the main causes of death, are the prominent features of ARDS resulting in a subset of critical COVID-19 pneumonia patients. 8 ECMO has become an alternative therapy for prolonging patient life and allowing time for lung recovery, especially in severe ARDS resulting from COVID-19. Better be awake"-a role for awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Pneumocystis pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053077020311940?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.017 id: cord-264051-ps0x2es1 author: Li, Wei title: Human Identical Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Promote Clinical Progression of COVID-19 by Upregulating Hyaluronan via NamiRNA-Enhancer Network date: 2020-11-05 words: 8939.0 sentences: 450.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264051-ps0x2es1.txt summary: Mechanically, HIS-SARS-CoV-2, behaving as virus-derived miRNAs, directly target to the human genomic loci and further interact with host enhancers to activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes, including cytokines gene and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), a well-known cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), which further increases hyaluronan formation. Besides, these virus fragments containing HIS can increase the H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) enrichment at their corresponding regions of the human genome in different mammalian cells and activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes associated with inflammation. Collectively, we identified HIS in SARS-CoV-2 genome, and the targeted human genome loci enriched with cytokines genes suggested that HIS may underly the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and serve as a vital player in the pathological progression. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread and deadly public health crisis. The pathogen SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the lower respiratory tract and causes fatal pneumonia. Although tremendous efforts have been put into investigating the pathogeny of SARS-CoV-2, the underlying mechanism of how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with its host is largely unexplored. Here, by comparing the genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and human, we identified five fully conserved elements in SARS-CoV-2 genome, which were termed as “human identical sequences (HIS)”. HIS are also recognized in both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV genome. Meanwhile, HIS-SARS-CoV-2 are highly conserved in the primate. Mechanically, HIS-SARS-CoV-2, behaving as virus-derived miRNAs, directly target to the human genomic loci and further interact with host enhancers to activate the expression of adjacent and distant genes, including cytokines gene and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), a well-known cell entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), which further increases hyaluronan formation. Noteworthily, hyaluronan level in plasma of COVID-19 patients is tightly correlated with severity and high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may act as a predictor for the progression of COVID-19. HIS antagomirs, which downregulate hyaluronan level effectively, and 4-Methylumbelliferone (MU), an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis, are potential drugs to relieve the ARDS related ground-glass pattern in lung for COVID-19 treatment. Our results revealed that unprecedented HIS elements of SARS-CoV-2 contribute to the cytokine storm and ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Thus, blocking HIS-involved activating processes or hyaluronan synthesis directly by 4-MU may be effective strategies to alleviate COVID-19 progression. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.361576 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.361576 id: cord-322733-rriuiofu author: Li, Weiran title: Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area date: 2020-04-29 words: 812.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322733-rriuiofu.txt summary: title: Changes in sexual behaviors of young women and men during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: a convenience sample from the epidemic area Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited. AIM: The present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people''s sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic and explore the context in which they manifest. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. CONCLUSION: During the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China. This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration 28 of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. What''s the change about your sexual desire during the COVID-19 outbreak? What''s the change about your sexual satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak? abstract: BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited. AIM: The present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people’s sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic and explore the context in which they manifest. METHODS: A convenience sample of 270 men and 189 women who completed an online survey consisting of 12 items plus an additional question were included in the study. OUTCOMES: The study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people’s sexual behavior. RESULTS: While there was a wide range of individual responses, our results showed that 44% of participants reported a decrease in the number of sexual partners and about 37% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, partner relationship and sexual desire were closely related to sexual frequency. In addition, we found that most individuals with risky sexual experiences had a rapid reduction in risky sexual behavior. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The current findings contribute to identifying another potential health implication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and report preliminary evidence of the need to provide potential interventions for the population. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The generalizability of the results is limited, given that only a small convenience sample was used. CONCLUSION: During the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174360952030597X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.380 id: cord-307258-66lwpblq author: Li, Weixia title: Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-03-29 words: 3111.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307258-66lwpblq.txt summary: title: Anesthesia Management and Perioperative Infection Control in Patients With the Novel Coronavirus Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The authors'' approach uses a protocol in the perioperative care areas that segregates patients into 3 simple and distinct groups based on the risk of transmission (Fig 1) . Class I patients are those who have been shown to be negative for novel coronavirus pneumonia after screening with RT-PCR, symptoms, laboratory examinations, and imaging. The intent was to eliminate all possible cross-infection to healthcare workers and patients in the perioperative care areas and operating room. novel coronavirus pneumonia, minimizing exposure to airway aerosols, droplets, and fluids especially during coughing can reduce contamination. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Anesthesiologists have a high risk of infection with COVID-19 during perioperative care and as first responders to airway emergencies. The potential of becoming infected can be reduced by a systematic and integrated approach that assesses infection risk. The latter leads to an acceptable choice of materials and techniques for personal protection and prevention of cross-contamination to other patients and staff. The authors have presented a protocolized approach that uses diagnostic criteria to clearly define benchmarks from the medical history along with clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Patients can then be rapidly assigned into 1 of 3 risk categories that direct the choice of protective materials and/or techniques. Each hospital can adapt this approach to develop a system that fits its individual resources. Educating medical staff about the proper use of high-risk areas for containment serves to protect staff and patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020302846 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.035 id: cord-269087-f9hyntvf author: Li, X. title: A Mini Review on Current Clinical and Research Findings for Children Suffering from COVID-19 date: 2020-04-04 words: 4280.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269087-f9hyntvf.txt summary: Results: We included 25 published literature references related to the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, accessary examination, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19. The risk factors which may suggest severe or critical progress for children are: Fast respiratory rate and/or; lethargy and drowsiness mental state and/or; lactate progressively increasing and/or; imaging showed bilateral or multi lobed infiltration, pleural effusion or rapidly expending of lesions in a short period of time and/or; less than 3 months old or those who underly diseases. To help better understand how it would affect children and what is the latest specific clinical and research finding on children with it, we provide a mini-review based on 25 literature references covering the fields of epidemiology, clinical manifestation, accessary examination, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19. According to the current literature on the pediatric cases, children confirmed with COVID-19 mostly had good prognosis, with considerably less severe to critical progress (5.9%) as compared to adult patients (18.5%). abstract: Background: As the novel coronavirus triggering COVID-19 has broken out in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly worldwide, it threatens the lives of thousands of people and poses a global threat on the economies of the entire world. However, infection with COVID-19 is currently rare in children. Objective To discuss the latest findings and research focus on the basis of characteristics of children confirmed with COVID-19, and provide an insight into the future treatment and research direction. Methods: We searched the terms "COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2" AND "Pediatric OR children" on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, NIH, CDC, and CNKI. The authors also reviewed the guidelines published on Chinese CDC and Chinese NHC. Results: We included 25 published literature references related to the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, accessary examination, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: The numbers of children with COVID-19 pneumonia infection are small, and most of them come from family aggregation. Symptoms are mainly mild or even asymptomatic, which allow children to be a risk factor for transmission. Thus, strict epidemiological history screening is needed for early diagnosis and segregation. This holds especially for infants, who are more susceptible to infection than other age groups in pediatric age, but have most likely subtle and unspecific symptoms. They need to be paid more attention to. CT examination is a necessity for screening the suspected cases, because most of the pediatric patients are mild cases, and plain chest X-ray do not usually show the lesions or the detailed features. Therefore, early chest CT examination combined with pathogenic detection is a recommended clinical diagnosis scheme in children. The risk factors which may suggest severe or critical progress for children are: Fast respiratory rate and/or; lethargy and drowsiness mental state and/or; lactate progressively increasing and/or; imaging showed bilateral or multi lobed infiltration, pleural effusion or rapidly expending of lesions in a short period of time and/or; less than 3 months old or those who underly diseases. For those critical pediatric patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, polypnea may be the most common symptom. For treatment, the elevated PCT seen in children in contrast to adults suggests that the underlying coinfection/secondary infection may be more common in pediatric patients and appropriate antibacterial treatment should be considered. Once cytokine storm is found in these patients, anti-autoimmune or blood-purifying therapy should be given in time. Furthermore, effective isolation measures and appropriate psychological comfort need to be provided timely. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20044545 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20044545 id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 words: 3243.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt summary: This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. abstract: Abstract Background In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. Objective The severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. Results We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Elder age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a), and high LDH level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male, elder age, leukocytosis, high LDH level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with elder age, hypertension, and high LDH level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have high risk of death. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920304954 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 id: cord-263220-g721fj81 author: Li, Xiaohu title: Helping the Radiologist: The Role of Scientific Journals to Help Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-03 words: 496.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263220-g721fj81.txt summary: We wish to commend Dr David Bluemke and the Radiology Editorial Board for their work on Radiology Special Focus website: COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus) (https://pubs.rsna.org/2019-ncov). Dr Jeff Kanne wrote an editorial about COVID-19 "Key Points for the Radiologist" (2) and Drs Fernando Kay and Suhny Abbara wrote an editorial "The Many Faces of COVID-19: Spectrum of Imaging Manifestations" (3) , which also helps us in our clinical work. The recently published "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CO-VID-19): A Perspective from China" (4) summarizes radiologists'' understanding of clinical and chest CT features of COVID-19 that will help to detect early infection and assess the course of disease. RSNA has very fast peer review and online publication, helping the radiologist gain valuable time to learn about CO-VID-19 and prevent further spread of this infection. Chest CT Findings in 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections from Wuhan, China: Key Points for the Radiologist abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200661 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200661 id: cord-035216-gdhz7mr4 author: Li, Xiaoran title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables date: 2020-11-06 words: 3780.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035216-gdhz7mr4.txt summary: title: Deep learning prediction of likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients using clinical variables BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The performance of the DNN model yielded an AUC = 0.780 (95% CI [0.760-0.785]), sensitivity = 0.760, specificity = 0.709 and F1 score = 0.551 in predicting ICU admission for the testing set (Table 2) . Although these variables have been previously associated with COVID-19 infection, most previous studies did not rank these clinical variables, or develop predictive models or risk scores to predict ICU admission or mortality. We implemented a deep-learning algorithm and a risk score model to predict the likelihood of ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a deep-learning model and a risk-score system using clinical variables to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 5,766 persons-under-investigation for COVID-19 between 7 February 2020 and 4 May 2020. Demographics, chronic comorbidities, vital signs, symptoms and laboratory tests at admission were collected. A deep neural network model and a risk-score system were constructed to predict ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Prediction performance used the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: The top ICU predictors were procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin and oxygen saturation. The top mortality predictors were age, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, cardiac troponin, C-reactive protein and oxygen saturation. Age and troponin were unique top predictors for mortality but not ICU admission. The deep-learning model predicted ICU admission and mortality with an AUC of 0.780 (95% CI [0.760–0.785]) and 0.844 (95% CI [0.839–0.848]), respectively. The corresponding risk scores yielded an AUC of 0.728 (95% CI [0.726–0.729]) and 0.848 (95% CI [0.847–0.849]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning and the resultant risk score have the potential to provide frontline physicians with quantitative tools to stratify patients more effectively in time-sensitive and resource-constrained circumstances. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7651477/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.10337 id: cord-296669-1md8j11e author: Li, Xin title: Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China date: 2020-08-04 words: 3789.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296669-1md8j11e.txt summary: The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, caused by COVID-19 were assessed in our study by Chinese versions of validated measurement tools [24] [25] [26] [27] : the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; the total score ranged from 0 to 27) [24] , the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 21) [25] , the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [26] , and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7; the total score ranged from 0 to 28) [27] . abstract: The outbreak and worldwide spread of COVID-19 has resulted in a high prevalence of mental health problems in China and other countries. This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey and face-to-face interviews to assess mental health problems and the associated factors among Chinese citizens with income losses exposed to COVID-19. The degrees of the depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms of our participants were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index-7 (ISI-7), and the revised 7-item Impact of Event Scale (IES-7) scales, respectively, which found that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress caused by COVID-19 were 45.5%, 49.5%, 30.9%, and 68.1%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes among workers with income losses during COVID-19. Participants working in Hubei province with heavy income losses, especially pregnant women, were found to have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health symptoms and may need psychological support or interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759877/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155627 id: cord-304746-7yzybukk author: Li, Xinye title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review date: 2020-07-28 words: 4581.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304746-7yzybukk.txt summary: title: Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review BACKGROUND: Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 highquality retrospective studies systematically evaluated the risk of severe disease, ICU admission, or death associated with COVID-19-related cardiac injury performance. Our analysis suggests that COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, and death. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. METHODS: Two investigators searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv databases for articles published through March 30, 2020. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. The data were extracted independently by two investigators. RESULTS: The analysis included 23 studies with 4631 total individuals. The proportions of severe disease, ICU admission, or death among patients with non-elevated TnI (or troponin T [TnT]), and those with elevated TnI (or TnT) were 12.0% and 64.5%, 11.8% and 56.0%, and 8.2% and. 59.3%, respectively. Patients with elevated TnI levels had significantly higher risks of severe disease, ICU admission, and death (RR 5.57, 95% CI 3.04 to 10.22, P < 0.001; RR 6.20, 95% CI 2.52 to 15.29, P < 0.001; RR 5.64, 95% CI 2.69 to 11.83, P < 0.001). Patients with an elevated CK level were at significantly increased risk of severe disease or ICU admission (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.61, P < 0.001). Patients with elevated CK-MB levels were at a higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.34, P = 0.001). Patients with newly occurring arrhythmias were at higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 13.09, 95% CI 7.00 to 24.47, P < 0.001). An elevated IL-6 level was associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, or death. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at significantly higher risk of severe disease, ICU admission, and death. Elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and IL-6 levels and emerging arrhythmia are associated with the development of severe disease and need for ICU admission, and the mortality is significantly higher in patients with elevated LDH and IL-6 levels. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03183-z id: cord-290392-kpjp0sx4 author: Li, Xu title: Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? date: 2020-05-06 words: 2550.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290392-kpjp0sx4.txt summary: In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), broke out in Wuhan, China [1] [2] [3] . COVID-19 was of clustering onset and mainly affected the respiratory system with some patients rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); other organ functions were less involved [5, 6] . In addition, the lung compliance was relatively high in some COVID-19-related ARDS patients, which was inconsistent with the severity of hypoxemia. A previous study reported that more than 50% of patients with moderate and severe ARDS according to the Berlin definition did not show diffuse alveolar damage [17] . Currently published studies did not report the proportion of different respiratory support according to COVID-19-related ARDS classification. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak a significant threat to international health. COVID-19 is highly infectious and can lead to fatal comorbidities especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, fully understanding the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS is conducive to early identification and precise treatment. We aimed to describe the characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS and to elucidate the differences from ARDS caused by other factors. COVID-19 mainly affected the respiratory system with minor damage to other organs. Injury to the alveolar epithelial cells was the main cause of COVID-19-related ARDS, and endothelial cells were less damaged with therefore less exudation. The clinical manifestations were relatively mild in some COVID-19 patients, which was inconsistent with the severity of laboratory and imaging findings. The onset time of COVID-19-related ARDS was 8–12 days, which was inconsistent with ARDS Berlin criteria, which defined a 1-week onset limit. Some of these patients might have a relatively normal lung compliance. The severity was redefined into three stages according to its specificity: mild, mild-moderate, and moderate-severe. HFNO can be safe in COVID-19-related ARDS patients, even in some moderate-severe patients. The more likely cause of death is severe respiratory failure. Thus, the timing of invasive mechanical ventilation is very important. The effects of corticosteroids in COVID-19-related ARDS patients were uncertain. We hope to help improve the prognosis of severe cases and reduce the mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375845/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02911-9 id: cord-351017-yntcwq9t author: Li, Xuelian title: COVID-19, insurer board utility, and capital regulation date: 2020-06-18 words: 2242.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351017-yntcwq9t.txt summary: Results suggest that the seriousness degree of the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation enhance the optimal guaranteed rate and the board''s utility. We extend the reports by examining the impacts of the COVID-19 and capital regulation on the insurer''s optimal guaranteed rate and the board''s utility, which imply possible interest conflicts between the insurer and its board. Third, we consider the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation on the optimal guaranteed rate-setting behavior and the board utility, possibly revealing conflicts of incentives. In Table 4 , we show that the more serious COVID-19 outbreak directly enhances the board''s utility, holding the optimal guaranteed rate constant, since the increased equity risk is insufficient to offset the increased equity return. Results suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation increase insurance businesses at increased optimal guaranteed rates and enhance the board''s utility. abstract: This paper develops a down-and-out call option model by introducing a structural break in volatility to capture the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. The life insurer's equity and its board's utility are evaluated at the optimal guaranteed rate in the equity maximization. Results suggest that the seriousness degree of the COVID-19 outbreak and capital regulation enhance the optimal guaranteed rate and the board's utility. Increased the board's utility by increasing liabilities costs insurer profitability. Conflicts of incentives can arise during the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1544612320305560 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101659 id: cord-282704-qg2o0ug4 author: Li, Xun title: Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-25 words: 2257.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282704-qg2o0ug4.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of 25 death cases infected with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective review of medical records in a single medical center, Wuhan, China Methods The clinical records, laboratory findings and radiologic assessments included chest X-ray or computed tomography were extracted from electronic medical records of 25 died patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 14 to Feb 13, 2020. All 25 dead patients with COVID-19 tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by use of RT-PCR on samples from there respiratory tract. In the presents study, all the patients were died of respiratory failure, which indicated that the lung is the most common target organ of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: Summary Background The pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease, which was occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. As of February 13, 2020, a total of 59883 cases of COVID-19 in China have been confirmed and 1368 patients have died from the disease. However, the clinical characteristics of the dyed patients were still not clearly clarified. This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics of death cases with COVID-19 and to identify critically ill patients of COVID-19 early and reduce their mortality. Methods The clinical records, laboratory findings and radiologic assessments included chest X-ray or computed tomography were extracted from electronic medical records of 25 died patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 14 to Feb 13, 2020. Two experienced clinicians reviewed and abstracted the data. Findings The mean age of the dead was 71.48 years, the average course of the disease was 10.56 days, all patients eventually died of respiratory failure. All of those who died had underlying diseases, the most common of which was hypertension (16/25, 64%), followed by diabetes (10/25, 40%), heart diseases (8/25, 32%), kidney diseases (5/25, 20%), cerebral infarction (4/25, 16%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 2/25, 8%), malignant tumors (2/25, 8%) and acute pancreatitis (1/25, 4%). The most common organ damage outside the lungs was the heart, followed by kidney and liver. In the patients' last examination before death, white blood cell and neutrophil counts were elevated in 17 patients (17/25, 68%) and 18 patients (18/25, 72%), lymphocyte counts were decreased in 22 patients (22/25, 88%). Most patients' PCT, CRP and SAA levels were elevated, the percentages were 90.5% (19/21), 85% (19/20) and 100% (21/21) respectively. The levels of the last test of neutrophils (15/16, 93.8%), PCT (11/11, 100%), CRP (11/13, 84.6%), cTnI (8/9, 88.9%), D-Dimer (11/12, 91.6%) and LDH (9/9, 100%) were increased as compared to the first test, while the levels of lymphocytes were decreased (14/16, 87.5%). Interpretation The age and underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, etc.) were the most important risk factors for death of COVID-19 pneumonia. Bacterial infections may play an important role in promoting the death of patients. Malnutrition was common to severe patients. Multiple organ dysfunction can be observed, the most common organ damage was lung, followed by heart, kidney and liver. The rising of neutrophils, SAA, PCT, CRP, cTnI, D-Dimer and LDH levels can be used as indicators of disease progression, as well as the decline of lymphocytes counts. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.20025239 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.19.20025239 id: cord-355943-bezpprrk author: Li, Y. title: Urine Proteome of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-05-06 words: 4439.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355943-bezpprrk.txt summary: In this study, we performed proteomic profiling of urine samples from 32 healthy control individuals and 6 COVID-19 positive patients (3 mild and 3 severe). We found that urine proteome samples from the mild and severe COVID-19 patients with comorbidities can be clearly differentiated from healthy proteome samples based on the clustering analysis. We identified and quantified 1380 and 1641 proteins in urine samples from COVID-19 and two recovery person in total, which was significantly lower than that of healthy controls ( Figure 2B and 2C , Tables S2 and S3 ). The molecular features used to distinguish the patient type (M and S) in our classifier ( Figure 5B and 5D, Tables S4-5) contain several potential biomarkers which were highly associated with the clinical characteristics of mild and severe COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088666 doi: medRxiv preprint dysregulated proteins in the COVID-19 patients. abstract: The atypical pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing pandemic and a serious threat to global public health. The COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms account for a majority of mortality of this disease. However, early detection and effective prediction of patients with mild to severe symptoms remains challenging. In this study, we performed proteomic profiling of urine samples from 32 healthy control individuals and 6 COVID-19 positive patients (3 mild and 3 severe). We found that urine proteome samples from the mild and severe COVID-19 patients with comorbidities can be clearly differentiated from healthy proteome samples based on the clustering analysis. Multiple pathways have been compromised after the COVID-19 infection, including the dysregulation of immune response, complement activation, platelet degranulation, lipoprotein metabolic process and response to hypoxia. We further validated our finding by directly comparing the same patients' urine proteome after recovery. This study demonstrates the COVID-19 pathophysiology related molecular alterations could be detected in the urine and the potential application of urinary proteome in auxiliary diagnosis, severity determination and therapy development of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088666 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088666 id: cord-338814-r9ym1h3m author: Li, Yan title: Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-17 words: 540.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338814-r9ym1h3m.txt summary: title: Using social media for telemedicine during the COVID-19 epidemic As the first country to discover COVID-19, China has taken strict precautionary measures. The Chinese government strives to raise public awareness of prevention and protection by providing daily monitoring and updates on websites and social media [4] . Social media played an essential role during the COVID-19 epidemic. The government should support and encourage medical personnel to participate in science education on social media. Because the strict quarantine measures make it difficult for patients to see a doctor, it is urgent to establish an appropriate telemedicine and appointment system. The emergence of the virus pandemic will make the public health system and community health service institutions face special and lasting epidemic prevention situation. An investigation of transmission control measur es during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China Access to lifesaving medical resources for African countries: COVID-19 testing and response, ethics, and politics abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720306902?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.007 id: cord-327301-5eko4htz author: Li, Yang title: Chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-18 words: 3395.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327301-5eko4htz.txt summary: METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The present study indicates that infected preschool children have different clinical symptoms and CT imaging findings from those of adults. The present findings indicate that the chest CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia in preschool children differ from those in adults. The early-stage imaging features of preschool children are not typical, mainly presenting consolidations, while the most common early-stage CT feature in adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is the GGO distributed along the bronchovascular bundle or the dorsolateral and subpleural part of the lungs [12] . In summary, the chest CT imaging features and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various, and are relatively mild or moderate compared with adult patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. So far, however, limited data are available for children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the clinical and chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 in preschool children. METHODS: From January 26, 2020 to February 20, 2020, the clinical and initial chest CT imaging data of eight preschool children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two hospitals were retrospectively collected. The chest CT imaging characteristics, including the distribution, shape, and density of lesions, and the pleural effusion, pleural changes, and enlarged lymph nodes were evaluated. RESULTS: Two cases (25%) were classified as mild type, and they showed no obvious abnormal CT findings or minimal pleural thickening on the right side. Five cases (62.5%) were classified as moderate type. Among these patients, one case showed consolidation located in the subpleural region of the right upper lobe, with thickening in the adjacent pleura; one case showed multiple consolidation and ground-glass opacities with blurry margins; one case displayed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the left upper lobe; and two cases displayed asthmatic bronchitis-like changes. One case (12.5%) was classified as critical type and showed bronchial pneumonia-like changes in the bilateral lungs, presenting blurred and messy bilateral lung markings and multiple patchy shadows scattered along the lung markings with blurry margins. CONCLUSIONS: The chest CT findings of COVID-19 in preschool children are atypical and various. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT imaging data. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02140-7 doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02140-7 id: cord-330050-05nnihst author: Li, Yang title: Emergency trauma care during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China date: 2020-05-15 words: 4375.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330050-05nnihst.txt summary: MAIN BODY: The article illustrates the general principles for the triage and evaluation of trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19, indications for emergency surgery, and infection prevention and control for medical personnel, providing a practical algorithm for trauma care providers during the outbreak period. To protect the medical personnel involved in emergency care and ensure the timeliness of trauma care, we have summarized the recommended perioperative infection prevention and control measures for trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 based on current practical experience in China and the published literature on surgical practice during the past outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). CT scan protocol for trauma patients suspected of having COVID-19: Medical personnel should first determine the method and scope of the scan, including but not limited to the chest, according to the mechanism of injury. abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2019; the outbreak was caused by a novel coronavirus previously never observed in humans. China has imposed the strictest quarantine and closed management measures in history to control the spread of the disease. However, a high level of evidence to support the surgical management of potential trauma patients during the novel coronavirus outbreak is still lacking. To regulate the emergency treatment of trauma patients during the outbreak, we drafted this paper from a trauma surgeon perspective according to practical experience in Wuhan. MAIN BODY: The article illustrates the general principles for the triage and evaluation of trauma patients during the outbreak of COVID-19, indications for emergency surgery, and infection prevention and control for medical personnel, providing a practical algorithm for trauma care providers during the outbreak period. CONCLUSIONS: The measures of emergency trauma care that we have provided can protect the medical personnel involved in emergency care and ensure the timeliness of effective interventions during the outbreak of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00312-5 doi: 10.1186/s13017-020-00312-5 id: cord-318808-1cfwj5uq author: Li, Ying title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years date: 2020-06-12 words: 1656.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318808-1cfwj5uq.txt summary: title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 and influenza A in children under 5 years Abstract Background Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, considerable attention has been paid on its epidemiology and clinical characteristics in children patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the different clinical Page 5 of 15 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 presentations between patients with infected with COVID-19 pneumonia versus influenza A pneumonia, to provide some recommendations for their differential diagnosis. Our present study revealed that COVID-19 manifested as mild, severe pneumonia were less than influenza A patients. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients were mild not only in clinical symptoms but also in laboratory examinations which including lymphocyte, CRP, PCT, D-dimer in the children under 5 years. abstract: Abstract Background Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, considerable attention has been paid on its epidemiology and clinical characteristics in children patients. However, it is also crucial for clinicians to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza viruses. Methods This was a retrospective study. Two group of COVID-19 patients (n=57) and influenza A patients (n=59) were enrolled. We analyzed and compared their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics and treatments. Results The proportions of cough (70.2%), fever (54.4%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (14.1%) in COVID-19 patients were lower than those of influenza A patients (98.3%, P<0.001; 84.7%, P<0.001; and 35.6%, P=0.007; respectively). In addition, COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower levels of leukocytes (7.87 vs. 9.89×109/L, P=0.027), neutrophils (2.43 vs. 5.16×109/L, P<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP; 3.7 vs. 15.1mg/L, P=0.001) and procalcitonin (PCT; 0.09 vs. 0.68mm/h, P<0.001), while lymphocyte levels (4.58 vs. 3.56×109/L; P=0.006) were significantly higher compared with influenza A patients. In terms of CT imaging, ground-glass opacification in chest CT was more common in COVID-19 patients than in influenza A patients (42.1% vs. 15%, P=0.032). In contrast, consolidation was more common in influenza A patients (25%) than that in COVID-19 patients (5.2%, P=0.025). Conclusion The clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of COVID-19 children are milder than those of influenza A children under 5 years. Additionally, imaging results more commonly presented as ground-glass opacities in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220304628?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.026 id: cord-325512-eehp4uh9 author: Li, Yiwei title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-04 words: 2069.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325512-eehp4uh9.txt summary: title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related cytopenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis This systemic review and meta-analysis summaries the latest evidence from available data and determine the hematological abnormality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and potential efficacy on the outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan V.5.3 program and Stata V.12.0 software after 2 reviewers independently selected literature, data extraction, bias risk evaluation and study quality assessment. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis may help provide clarify on the effect of cytopenia in patients with COVID-19. This study will be conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols 2015 guidelines and the protocol has been registering in the PROSPERO database (Registration number: CRD42020187524) on 22 May 2020. The process of study selection is illustrated following a preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (Fig. 1 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia was detected in Wuhan and named COVID-19. It is an international outbreak of the respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Recent papers pointed out the cytopenia in COVID-19 patients including lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia and lower level of hemoglobin had prognostic significance. This systemic review and meta-analysis summaries the latest evidence from available data and determine the hematological abnormality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and potential efficacy on the outcomes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This protocol for a systematic reviews and meta-analysis will be performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols 2015 guidelines. The database of Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI, WanFang, as well as gray literatures from the inception to present will be comprehensively and systematically searched without limitations of regions or language. The main study outcomes will be the mortality of COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan V.5.3 program and Stata V.12.0 software after 2 reviewers independently selected literature, data extraction, bias risk evaluation and study quality assessment. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus to the third researcher. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis may help provide clarify on the effect of cytopenia in patients with COVID-19. The result will be published at a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS: This proposed study will evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness of cytopenia in COVID-19 patients. ETHIC AND DISSEMINATION: The content of this article does not involve moral approval or ethical review because no individual data will be collected. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020187524. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022033 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022033 id: cord-272427-jqs00ilp author: Li, Yu-xuan title: The impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective study date: 2020-10-02 words: 2656.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272427-jqs00ilp.txt summary: After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. Based on our experiences during the pandemic period, we propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients. We aimed to compare the differences in demographics, baseline characteristics, clinicopathological features, and health economics between the two groups to investigate the feasibility of gastric surgery during the pandemic of COVID-19. These data included patient demographics and baseline characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, comorbidity, clinical TNM classification, pathological TNM classification, hemoglobin, CEA, CA199, AFP, CA724), origin of patients (from local district or other provinces), operative method (open surgery or laparoscopic surgery), operating time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, postoperative fever, waiting time before admission, length of postoperative hospital stay, hospital costs etc. Length of postoperative hospital stay was defined as the period from the time when patient had undergone surgery to discharge. In conclusion, there are no studies on the impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients with cancer are more likely to incur poor clinical outcomes. Due to the prevailing pandemic, we propose some surgical strategies for gastric cancer patients. METHODS: The ‘COVID-19’ period was defined as occurring between 2020 and 01-20 and 2020-03-20. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (PCG) and COVID-19 group (CG). A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: The waiting time before admission increased by 4 days in the CG (PCG: 4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG: 8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; p = 0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scans besides abdominal CT before admission during the COVID-19 period (PCG: 22 [32%] vs. CG: 30 [73%], p = 0.001). After admission during the COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer (PCG: 3[IQR: 2,5] vs. CG: 7[IQR: 5,9]; p < 0.001), more laparoscopic surgeries were performed (PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%], p = 0.021), and hospital stay period after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11]; p < 0.001). In addition, the total cost of hospitalization increased during this period, (PCG: 9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. CG: 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: This study provides an opportunity for our surgical colleagues to reflect on their own services and any contingency plans they may have to tackle the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00885-7 doi: 10.1186/s12893-020-00885-7 id: cord-342577-sxl4ac0s author: Li, Yuchen title: Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study date: 2020-09-25 words: 4340.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342577-sxl4ac0s.txt summary: title: Public awareness, emotional reactions and human mobility in response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China – a population-based ecological study The alarm phase (19th–26th January) was a restriction-free period, characterized by few new daily cases, but a large amount public negative emotions [the number of negative comments per Weibo post increased by 246.9 per day, 95% confidence interval (CI) 122.5–371.3], and a substantial increase in self-limiting mobility (from 45.6% to 54.5%, changing by 1.5% per day, 95% CI 0.7%–2.3%). The epidemic phase (27th January–15th February) exhibited rapidly increasing numbers of new daily cases, decreasing expression of negative emotions (a decrease of 27.3 negative comments per post per day, 95% CI −40.4 to −14.2), and a stabilized level of self-limiting mobility. In the current study, we aimed to describe dynamic changes in the public''s emotional reactions and daily mobility patterns, especially self-limiting mobility patterns, in the Chinese population during the outbreak period of COVID-19 in China. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 generated severe emotional reactions, and restricted mobility was a crucial measure to reduce the spread of the virus. This study describes the changes in public emotional reactions and mobility patterns in the Chinese population during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: We collected data on public emotional reactions in response to the outbreak through Weibo, the Chinese Twitter, between 1st January and 31st March 2020. Using anonymized location-tracking information, we analyzed the daily mobility patterns of approximately 90% of Sichuan residents. RESULTS: There were three distinct phases of the emotional and behavioral reactions to the COVID-19 outbreak. The alarm phase (19th–26th January) was a restriction-free period, characterized by few new daily cases, but a large amount public negative emotions [the number of negative comments per Weibo post increased by 246.9 per day, 95% confidence interval (CI) 122.5–371.3], and a substantial increase in self-limiting mobility (from 45.6% to 54.5%, changing by 1.5% per day, 95% CI 0.7%–2.3%). The epidemic phase (27th January–15th February) exhibited rapidly increasing numbers of new daily cases, decreasing expression of negative emotions (a decrease of 27.3 negative comments per post per day, 95% CI −40.4 to −14.2), and a stabilized level of self-limiting mobility. The relief phase (16th February–31st March) had a steady decline in new daily cases and decreasing levels of negative emotion and self-limiting mobility. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, the public's emotional reaction was strongest before the actual peak of the outbreak and declined thereafter. The change in human mobility patterns occurred before the implementation of restriction orders, suggesting a possible link between emotion and behavior. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972473/ doi: 10.1017/s003329172000375x id: cord-351509-aau3gx6f author: Li, Yuman title: Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 words: 3454.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351509-aau3gx6f.txt summary: Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate whether right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) was independently predictive of higher mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. All potential predictors of higher mortality were entered into univariate analyses, including sex, age, cardiac injury and inflammatory marker, LVEF, PASP, RV function echocardiographic parameters, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular artery disease, malignancy and arrhythmia). To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of RV function using the conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE in patients with COVID-19. Most notably, the additional prognostic value of RVLS was substantial independent of LV systolic functional index, which failed to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19. Our data demonstrated that RVLS was a powerful and independent predictor of higher mortality, providing additive predictive value over other echocardiographic parameters in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate whether right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) was independently predictive of higher mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Background RVLS obtained from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) has been recently demonstrated to be a more accurate and sensitive tool to estimate RV function. The prognostic value of RVLS in patients with COVID-19 remains unknown. Methods 120 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who underwent echocardiography examination were enrolled in our study. Conventional right ventricular (RV) function parameters, including RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tricuspid tissue Doppler annular velocities (S’), were obtained. RVLS was determined by 2D-STE. RV function was categorized by tertiles of RVLS. Results Compared with patients in the highest RVLS tertile, those in the lowest tertile were more likely to have a higher heart rate, D-dimer and C-reactive protein, high-flow oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, higher incidence of acute heart injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and deep vein thrombosis, and higher mortality. After a median follow-up of 51 days, 18 patients died. Compared with survivors, non-survivors displayed enlarged right-heart chamber, diminished RV function, and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Male, ARDS, RVLS, RVFAC and TAPSE were significant univariate predictors of higher risk of mortality (P < 0.05 for all). The Cox model using RVLS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.15～1.53; P < 0.001; Akaike Information Criterion [AIC] =129; C-index = 0.89) was found to predict higher mortality more accurately than that with RVFAC (AIC =142; C-index = 0.84) and TAPSE (AIC = 144; C-index = 0.83). The best cutoff value of RVLS for prediction of outcome was −23% (area under the curve, 0.87; P < 0.001; sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 64.7%). Conclusions RVLS is a powerful predictor of higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Our study supports the application of RVLS to identify higher risk COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654963/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.014 id: cord-279227-l6keimm5 author: Li, Yuxi title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review date: 2020-08-03 words: 2522.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279227-l6keimm5.txt summary: title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts'' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. Study design We will include clinical practice guidelines, experts'' consensus statements, and guidance documents (systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific circumstances) published by any advising body or healthcare organization since December 2019, which provide information on the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine therapy for COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared on March 11, 2020, that the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has escalated from epidemic into pandemic. As the initial outbreak area, China has taken multiple active measures to deal with the epidemic. Updated versions of diagnosis and treatment guideline for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients have been issued, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been recommended as a treatment. The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. We will also evaluate and report on the methodological and reporting quality of these guidelines. METHODS: In this systematic review, we will search for guidelines, expert consensuses, and policy documents published since December 2019 in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese databases) and on websites of governments or organizations (e.g., The National Guideline Clearinghouse [NGC], Guidelines International Network [GIN], National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN], and WHO). Eligible documents will be independently selected, and relevant data will be independently extracted by two reviewers. We will also independently evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of the included guidelines, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement, respectively. Any discrepancies will be discussed and resolved through discussion among the reviewers. We will use the extracted information to summarize their recommendations for traditional Chinese herbal formulae and Chinese patent medicine for COVID-19 patients and to summarize the strength and quality of these recommendations with reference to the results of AGREE II and RIGHT tools. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020179205 url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4 doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4 id: cord-347333-h899xkfy author: Li, Z. title: From Community Acquired Pneumonia to COVID-19: A Deep Learning Based Method for Quantitative Analysis of COVID-19 on thick-section CT Scans date: 2020-04-23 words: 2963.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347333-h899xkfy.txt summary: Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a deep learning based system was developed to automatically segment and quantify the COVID-19 infected lung regions on thick-section chest CT images. Conclusions: A deep learning based AI system built on the thick-section CT imaging can accurately quantify the COVID-19 associated lung abnormalities, assess the disease severity and its progressions. 8 The explosive growing number of COVID-19 patients requires the automated AI-based computer 9 aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that can accurately and objectively detect the disease infected lung 10 regions, assess the severity and the progressions. For evaluation, the AI based lung abnormalities segmentation was compared to two 28 experienced radiologists manually delineations, while the AI based assessment of disease severity and 29 progression was compared to patients diagnosis status extracted from clinical and radiology reports. In conclusion, a deep learning based AI system is developed to quantify COVID-19 abnormal 180 lung patterns, assess the disease severity and the progression using thick-section chest CT images. abstract: Background: Thick-section CT scanners are more affordable for the developing countries. Considering the widely spread COVID-19, it is of great benefit to develop an automated and accurate system for quantification of COVID-19 associated lung abnormalities using thick-section chest CT images. Purpose: To develop a fully automated AI system to quantitatively assess the disease severity and disease progression using thick-section chest CT images. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a deep learning based system was developed to automatically segment and quantify the COVID-19 infected lung regions on thick-section chest CT images. 531 thick-section CT scans from 204 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were collected from one appointed COVID-19 hospital from 23 January 2020 to 12 February 2020. The lung abnormalities were first segmented by a deep learning model. To assess the disease severity (non-severe or severe) and the progression, two imaging bio-markers were automatically computed, i.e., the portion of infection (POI) and the average infection HU (iHU). The performance of lung abnormality segmentation was examined using Dice coefficient, while the assessment of disease severity and the disease progression were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Cohen's kappa statistic, respectively. Results: Dice coefficient between the segmentation of the AI system and the manual delineations of two experienced radiologists for the COVID-19 infected lung abnormalities were 0.74 {+/-} 0.28 and 0.76 {+/-} 0.29, respectively, which were close to the inter-observer agreement, i.e., 0.79 {+/-} 0.25. The computed two imaging bio-markers can distinguish between the severe and non-severe stages with an AUC of 0.9680 (p-value < 0.001). Very good agreement ({kappa} = 0.8220) between the AI system and the radiologists were achieved on evaluating the changes of infection volumes. Conclusions: A deep learning based AI system built on the thick-section CT imaging can accurately quantify the COVID-19 associated lung abnormalities, assess the disease severity and its progressions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.17.20070219v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20070219 id: cord-322543-lo1ra50f author: Li, z. title: Causal Analysis of Health Interventions and Environments for Influencing the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States of America date: 2020-09-29 words: 4439.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322543-lo1ra50f.txt summary: The proposed ANMs and multivariate linear Granger causality analysis methods are applied to the surveillance data of lab-confirmed Covid-19 cases in the US, UMD data, and Google mobility data from March 5, 2020 to August 25, 2020 in order to evaluate the contributions of social-biological factors, economics, the Google mobility indexes, and the rate of virus testing to the number of the new cases and number of deaths from COVIDNonlinear additive noise models for bivariate causal discovery this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) in the Public Domain. The scalar variables tested for causation of the new cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the US included the number of contact tracing workers per 100,000 people, percent of population above 60 years of age, median income, population density, percentage of African Americans, reuse, remix, or adapt this material for any purpose without crediting the original authors. abstract: As of August 27, 2020, the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the US exceeded 5,863,363 and included 180,595 deaths, thus causing a serious public health crisis. Curbing the spread of Covid-19 is still urgently needed. Given the lack of potential vaccines and effective medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions are the major option to curtail the spread of COVID-19. An accurate estimate of the potential impact of different non-pharmaceutical measures on containing, and identify risk factors influencing the spread of COVID-19 is crucial for planning the most effective interventions to curb the spread of COVID-19 and to reduce the deaths. Additive model-based bivariate causal discovery for scalar factors and multivariate Granger causality tests for time series factors are applied to the surveillance data of lab-confirmed Covid-19 cases in the US, University of Maryland Data (UMD) data, and Google mobility data from March 5, 2020 to August 25, 2020 in order to evaluate the contributions of social-biological factors, economics, the Google mobility indexes, and the rate of the virus test to the number of the new cases and number of deaths from COVID-19. We found that active cases/1000 people, workplaces, tests done/1000 people, imported COVID-19 cases, unemployment rate and unemployment claims/1000 people, mobility trends for places of residence (residential), retail and test capacity were the most significant risk factor for the new cases of COVID-19 in 23, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 1 states, respectively, and that active cases/1000 people, workplaces, residential, unemployment rate, imported COVID cases, unemployment claims/1000 people, transit stations, mobility trends (transit) , tests done/1000 people, grocery, testing capacity, retail, percentage of change in consumption, percentage of working from home were the most significant risk factor for the deaths of COVID-19 in 17, 10, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1 states, respectively. We observed that no metrics showed significant evidence in mitigating the COVID-19 epidemic in FL and only a few metrics showed evidence in reducing the number of new cases of COVID-19 in AZ, NY and TX. Our results showed that the majority of non-pharmaceutical interventions had a large effect on slowing the transmission and reducing deaths, and that health interventions were still needed to contain COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.20203505 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20203505 id: cord-351031-e8suoeim author: Liang En Ian, Wee title: Containing COVID-19 outside the isolation ward: the impact of an infection control bundle on environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward date: 2020-06-26 words: 4123.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351031-e8suoeim.txt summary: In these general wards, termed as respiratory surveillance wards (RSWs), an infection control bundle was implemented comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved personal-protective-equipment (PPE), and social distancing between patients, in order to mitigate the risk of a potential COVID-19 case initially admitted outside of an AIIR. The main finding of our study was that an infection control bundle comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved PPE and social distancing mitigated the risk of environmental contamination and transmission in a cohorted general ward setting. In conclusion, over a 3-month period, our institution implemented a bundle of interventions to reduce risk of intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19 in a multi-bedded cohorted general ward setting, through the implementation of an infection control bundle comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved PPE, and social distancing between patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: During an ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, unsuspected cases may be housed outside of dedicated isolation wards. AIM: At a Singaporean tertiary hospital, individuals with clinical syndromes compatible with COVID-19 but no epidemiologic risk were placed in cohorted general wards for COVID-19 testing. To mitigate risk, an infection control bundle was implemented comprising infrastructural enhancements, improved personal-protective-equipment (PPE), and social distancing. We assessed the impact on environmental contamination and transmission. METHOD: Upon detection of a case of COVID-19 in the dedicated general ward, patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) contacts were identified. All patient and staff-close contacts were placed on 14-day phone surveillance and followed-up for 28 days; symptomatic contacts were tested. Environmental samples were also obtained. FINDINGS: Over a 3-month period, 28 unsuspected cases of COVID-19 were contained in the dedicated general ward. In 5 of the 28 cases, sampling of the patient's environment yielded SARS-CoV-2; index cases who required supplemental oxygen had higher odds of environmental contamination (p=0.01). A total of 253 staff close-contacts and 45 patient close-contacts were identified; only 3 HCWs (1.2%, 3/253) required quarantine. On 28-day follow-up, no patient-to-HCW transmission was documented; only one symptomatic patient close-contact tested positive. CONCLUSION: Our institution successfully implemented an intervention bundle to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in a multi-bedded cohorted general ward setting. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320305691 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.188 id: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author: Liang, Donghai title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 words: 5751.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt summary: We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. To address these analytical gaps and contribute towards a more complete understanding of the impact of long-term exposures to ambient air pollution on COVID-19-related health consequences, we conducted a nationwide study in the USA (3,122 counties) examining associations between multiple key ambient air pollutants, NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and O 3 , and COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in both single and multi-pollutant models, with J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f comprehensive covariate adjustment. We hypothesized that residents living in counties with higher long-term ambient air pollution levels may be more susceptible to COVID-19 severe outcomes, thus resulting in higher COVID-19 case-fatality rates and mortality rates. abstract: Background The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 600,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. While the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO2, PM2.5 and O3 and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the US. We used both single and multipollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level healthcare capacity, phase-of-epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. Results 3,659,828 COVID-19 cases and 138,552 deaths were reported in 3,076 US counties from January 22, 2020 to July 17, 2020, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 3.8%. County-level average NO2 concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models. When adjusted for co-pollutants, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 11.3% (95% CI 4.9% to 18.2%) and 16.2% (95% CI 8.7% to 24.0%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between COVID-19 case-fatality rate and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or O3, although per IQR increase in PM2.5 (2.6 ug/m3) was marginally associated with 14.9% (95% CI: 0.0% to 31.9%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate when adjusted for co-pollutants. Discussion Long-term exposure to NO2, which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of long-term PM2.5 and O3 exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO2 levels. Continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 id: cord-263627-8ufjh70o author: Liang, Li-Lin title: Covid-19 mortality is negatively associated with test number and government effectiveness date: 2020-07-24 words: 2747.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263627-8ufjh70o.txt summary: Covid-19 mortality rate was negatively associated with Covid-19 test number per 100 people (RR = 0.92, P = 0.001), government effectiveness score (RR = 0.96, P = 0.017), and number of hospital beds (RR = 0.85, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the negative association between Covid-19 mortality and test number was stronger among low-income countries and countries with lower government effectiveness scores, younger populations and fewer hospital beds. In the multiple regression analysis, Covid-19 mortality rate was regressed on Covid-19 test number, case number, critical case rate, government effectiveness score, proportion of population aged 65 or older, number of beds, deaths attributable to communicable diseases, and transport infrastructure quality score. Figure 1e and 1f exhibits that the negative correlation between Covid-19 mortality rate and test number was significant for countries with moderate (r = -0.33, P = 0.021) and low (r = − 0.42, P = 0.002) government effectiveness scores, respectively. abstract: A question central to the Covid-19 pandemic is why the Covid-19 mortality rate varies so greatly across countries. This study aims to investigate factors associated with cross-country variation in Covid-19 mortality. Covid-19 mortality rate was calculated as number of deaths per 100 Covid-19 cases. To identify factors associated with Covid-19 mortality rate, linear regressions were applied to a cross-sectional dataset comprising 169 countries. We retrieved data from the Worldometer website, the Worldwide Governance Indicators, World Development Indicators, and Logistics Performance Indicators databases. Covid-19 mortality rate was negatively associated with Covid-19 test number per 100 people (RR = 0.92, P = 0.001), government effectiveness score (RR = 0.96, P = 0.017), and number of hospital beds (RR = 0.85, P < 0.001). Covid-19 mortality rate was positively associated with proportion of population aged 65 or older (RR = 1.12, P < 0.001) and transport infrastructure quality score (RR = 1.08, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the negative association between Covid-19 mortality and test number was stronger among low-income countries and countries with lower government effectiveness scores, younger populations and fewer hospital beds. Predicted mortality rates were highly associated with observed mortality rates (r = 0.77; P < 0.001). Increasing Covid-19 testing, improving government effectiveness and increasing hospital beds may have the potential to attenuate Covid-19 mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709854/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68862-x id: cord-294555-6q7q8gse author: Liang, Ting title: Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-15 words: 3431.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294555-6q7q8gse.txt summary: CT features including lobar distribution and presence of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and linear opacities were analyzed on per-patient basis during each of five time intervals spanning the 3 weeks after disease onset. CONCLUSIONS: While bilateral GGO are predominant features, CT findings changed during different time intervals in the 3 weeks after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, CT findings of patients with mild COVID-19 outside of Wuhan include predominance of GGO in the early phase with an increase in the frequency of consolidation and linear opacities over the 3 weeks post onset of symptoms. Given that laboratory tests for the novel coronavirus can be falsely negative, radiologists play a key role in identifying suspicious CT findings based on time interval from the onset of symptoms and guide further evaluation and management of patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To delineate the evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: CT images and medical records of 88 patients with confirmed mild COVID-19 pneumonia, a baseline CT, and at least one follow-up CT were retrospectively reviewed. CT features including lobar distribution and presence of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and linear opacities were analyzed on per-patient basis during each of five time intervals spanning the 3 weeks after disease onset. Total severity scores were calculated. RESULTS: Of patients, 85.2% had travel history to Wuhan or known contact with infected individuals. The most common symptoms were fever (84.1%) and cough (56.8%). The baseline CT was obtained on average 5 days from symptom onset. Four patients (4.5%) had negative initial CT. Significant differences were found among the time intervals in the proportion of pulmonary lesions that are (1) pure GGO, (2) mixed attenuation, (3) mixed attenuation with linear opacities, (4) consolidation with linear opacities, and (5) pure consolidation. The majority of patients had involvement of ≥ 3 lobes. Bilateral involvement was more prevalent than unilateral involvement. The proportions of patients observed to have pure GGO or GGO and consolidation decreased over time while the proportion of patients with GGO and linear opacities increased. Total severity score showed an increasing trend in the first 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: While bilateral GGO are predominant features, CT findings changed during different time intervals in the 3 weeks after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • Four of 88 (4.5%) patients with COVID-19 had negative initial CT. • Majority of COVID-19 patients had abnormal CT findings in ≥ 3 lobes. • A proportion of patients with pure ground glass opacities decreased over the 3 weeks after symptom onset. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06823-8 doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06823-8 id: cord-311376-mah8j8bj author: Liang, Xiaopeng title: Is COVID-19 more severe in older men? date: 2020-05-13 words: 703.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311376-mah8j8bj.txt summary: Previous studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) showed that older men were at higher risk of coronavirus infection. 2 Studies in female mice suggested that oestrogen signalling can directly inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV, thereby protecting the mice from infection. Thus, age-associated decrease in oestradiol concentration might be a possible explanation for the susceptibility and severe progression of COVID-19 in older patients. In SARS, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha were found, resulting in acute lung injury and multi-organ dysfunction. Conversely, older patients and men are not protected by oestrogens. SARS-CoV2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is known to gain entry into cells via the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. 5 Lower oestrogen levels increase ACE2 expression, facilitating the development of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137867 doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137867 id: cord-307309-s0t4kp2x author: Liang, Ying title: Symptoms, Management and Healthcare Utilization of COPD Patients During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Beijing date: 2020-10-14 words: 3012.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307309-s0t4kp2x.txt summary: Clinical data, including respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment, management and healthcare access before and during the COVID-19 epidemic from January 25 to April 25, 2020, were collected. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study of symptoms, management and healthcare utilization of COPD patients during the COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing, aiming to provide data for implementing relevant treatment strategy of COPD during the pandemic. Patients were selected randomly from the COPD database in our hospital by the following inclusion criteria: 1) 40 years of age or older; (2) a history of at least 3 months of diagnosed COPD according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Report. Sociodemographic information and clinical data, including respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment, management and healthcare access before and during the COVID-19 epidemic from January 25 to April 25, 2020, were collected. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2020:15 visits (getting prescription for COPD, review and assessment of disease, or worsening of respiratory symptoms), and online consultation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Social distancing and restriction measures during the COVID-19 epidemic may have impacts on medication availability and healthcare utilization for COPD patients, and thereby affect standard disease management. We aimed to investigate the change of respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment and healthcare utilization of COPD patients during the epidemic in Beijing, China. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional survey performed at Peking University Third Hospital and recruited patients with COPD who were interviewed by phone call. Clinical data, including respiratory symptoms, pharmacological treatment, management and healthcare access before and during the COVID-19 epidemic from January 25 to April 25, 2020, were collected. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were enrolled for analysis. Before the epidemic, 81.7% (125/153) had long-term maintenance medication and ICS/LABA (60.8%) and LAMA (57.5%) were most commonly used. During the epidemic, 75.2% (115/153) maintained their pharmacological treatment and 6.5% (10/153) had to reduce or stop taking medications, with a slight decrease of patients taking ICS/LABA (53.6%) and LAMA (56.9%). Most of the patients [76.5% (117/153)] had a low symptom burden, with a CAT score <10 during the epidemic. Of 153 patients, 45 (29.4%) patients reported worsening of respiratory symptoms but only 15.6% (7/45) sought medical care in hospitals, while the remaining expressed concerns about cross-infection in the hospital (55.5%, 25/45) or had mild symptoms which were managed by themselves (28.8%, 13/45). CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing, most of our COPD patients maintained their long-term pharmacological treatment and had mild-to-moderate symptoms. Approximately, 30.0% of the patients experienced worsening of respiratory symptoms, but most of them did not seek medical care in the hospital due to concerns about cross-infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116465/ doi: 10.2147/copd.s270448 id: cord-339467-ewqxf02j author: Liang, Ying title: Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 from pneumonias caused by other etiologies in a fever clinic in Beijing date: 2020-10-20 words: 1552.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339467-ewqxf02j.txt summary: Based on epidemiological history, clinical and radiological manifestations, cases with possible or probable COVID-19 were sent for panel discussion and then for SARS-CoV-2 detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Epidemiological data included: if the patient came from Wuhan City or other cities of Hubei Province in 2 weeks, if the patient ever had close contact with individuals from Wuhan or other cities of Hubei province, or with individuals who had confirmed COVID-19 in 2 weeks, and if the onset of pneumonia occurred in family members in a short period. For the remaining 91 cases with negative viral detection, 2 cases were not included in the final analysis because they had epidemiological evidence with interstitial pneumonia in CT findings and COVID-19 could not be completely excluded, 22 were excluded from the analysis because of lack of CT scan or no signs of pneumonia on CT scan, and finally 67 patients were included as the non-COVID-19 group [Supplementary Figure 1 , http://links.lww.com/CM9/A337]. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947360/ doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001121 id: cord-332348-yi85sfks author: Liang, Yujie title: Neurosensory dysfunction: a diagnostic marker of early COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 2748.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332348-yi85sfks.txt summary: Recently, some researchers have reported that patients with COVID-19 would suffer from neurosensory dysfunction, including loss of smell (hyposmia) and taste (hypogeusia), with a prevalence of 5.1%-98% [2] [3] [4] [5] for hyposmia, and 5.6%-90.3% [2, 4, 5] for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f hypogeusia. To clarify the onset time and duration of these symptoms will offer help for early diagnosis and accurate management of In this study, we report the characteristic neurosensory dysfunction in 44 of 86 patients with COVID-19. In this study, we detailly provided the exact time of onset and duration of neurosensory dysfunction, including hyposmia, hypogeusia and tinnitus, of patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, the present study detailly provided the exact time of onset and duration of neurosensory dysfunction, and reported the viral load of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Objectives To detailly described the neurosensory dysfunction, including hyposmia, hypogeusia and tinnitus, in patients with COVID-19. Methods Clinical characteristics and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained from 86 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital. Chronological analysis method was used to detailly clarify the neurosensory dysfunction. The cycle threshold (Ct) values were used to approximately indicate viral load. Results Forth-four (51.2%) patients had neurosensory dysfunction: hyposmia (34, 39.5%), hypogeusia (33, 38.4%), and tinnitus (3, 3.5%). Neurosensory dysfunction was significantly more common in patients under 40 years old (p = 0.001) or women (p = 0.006). Hyposmia and hypogeusia coexisted in 23 (26.7%) patients. The interval between onset of hyposmia and hypogeusia was 0.7 ± 1.46 days. The interval from onset of hyposmia and hypogeusia to typical symptoms was 0.22 ± 4.57 and 0.75 ± 6.77 days; the interval from onset of hyposmia and hypogeusia to admission was 6.06 ± 6.68 and 5.76 ± 7.68 days; and the duration of hyposmia and hypogeusia was 9.09 ± 5.74 and 7.12 ± 4.66 days, respectively. The viral load was high since symptoms onset, peaked within the first week, and then gradually declined. Conclusions The neurosensory dysfunction tends to occur in the early stage of COVID-19, and it could be used as a marker for early diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220305191?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.086 id: cord-338090-8uu8kl9v author: Liao, Jie‐lan title: Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-17 words: 3521.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338090-8uu8kl9v.txt summary: title: Clinical differences in chest CT characteristics between the progression and remission stages of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia The variables consolidation, boundary feature, large cable sign, and crazy‐paving sign were the most significant factors, based on a variable named ''prediction of progression or remission'' (PPR) that we constructed. In the present study, we analyzed the CT images from 107 COVID-19 cases, and examined the distinctive characteristics of both the progression and remission stages. Consistently, the round-shape lesion proportion, GGO ratio, consolidation ratio, large cable signs, and crazy-paving signs in the remission stage were no longer correlated with the progression stage (Table 4 ). Using logistic (two-tailed) regression, we found the consolidation, boundary feature, large cable sign, and crazy-paving sign variables were the most significant factors distinguishing between progression and remission (Table 5 ). We revealed that the characteristics of round shape, GGO, consolidation, large cable sign, and crazypaving sign significantly change between the progression and remission stages. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) can be effective for the early screening and diagnosis of COVID‐19. This study aimed to investigate the distinctive CT characteristics of two stages of the disease (progression and remission). METHODS: We included all COVID‐19 patients admitted to Wenzhou Central Hospital from January to February, 2020. Patients underwent multiple chest CT scans at intervals of 3–10 days. CT features were recorded, such as the lesion lobe, distribution characteristics (subpleural, scattered, or diffused), shape of the lesion, maximum size of the lesion, lesion morphology (ground‐glass opacity, GGO), and consolidation features. When consolidation was positive, the boundary was identified to determine its clarity. RESULTS: The ratios of some representative features differed between the remission stage and the progression phase, such as round‐shape lesion (8.0% vs. 34.4%), GGO (65.0% vs. 87.5%), consolidation (62.0% vs. 31.3%), large cable sign (59.0% vs. 9.4%), and crazy‐paving sign (20.0% vs. 50.0%). Using these features, we pooled all the CT data (n = 132) and established a logistic regression model to predict the current development stage. The variables consolidation, boundary feature, large cable sign, and crazy‐paving sign were the most significant factors, based on a variable named ‘prediction of progression or remission’ (PPR) that we constructed. The ROC curve showed that PPR had an AUC of 0.882 (cutoff value = 0.66, sensitivity = 0.75, specificity = 0.875). CONCLUSION: CT characteristics, in particular, round shape, GGO, consolidation, large cable sign, and crazy‐paving sign, may increase the recognition of the intrapulmonary development of COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13760 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13760 id: cord-335446-8l1vfsbc author: Liao, M. title: The landscape of lung bronchoalveolar immune cells in COVID-19 revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing date: 2020-02-26 words: 4710.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335446-8l1vfsbc.txt summary: Here, we comprehensively characterized the lung immune microenvironment with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 severe and 3 mild COVID-19 patients and 8 previously reported healthy lung controls through single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) combined with TCR-seq. To characterize the immune microenvironment of the SARS-CoV-2-infected lung, we performed scRNA-seq analysis of single cells in the lung BALF (37, 820 cells) using the 10X Genomics platform, from 3 of recovered mild cases and 3 of severe cases ( Figure 1A , Table 1 ). Our data indicated that the monocytes are recruited from circulation (FCN1 + ) to the lung to fuel the inflammation during severe diseases, and some monocytes may further go through the differentiation process into the SPP1 + populations and eventually the FABP4 + AMs. robust and early T cell response played crucial roles in viral clearance during acute respiratory infections [14] . abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, etiological agent of recently named Coronavirus infected disease (COVID-19) by WHO, has caused more than 2, 000 deaths worldwide since its emergency in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, in December, 2019. The symptoms of COVID-19 varied from modest, mild to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the latter of which is generally associated with deregulated immune cytokine production; however, we currently know little as to the interplay between the extent of clinical symptoms and the compositions of lung immune microenvironment. Here, we comprehensively characterized the lung immune microenvironment with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 severe and 3 mild COVID-19 patients and 8 previously reported healthy lung controls through single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) combined with TCR-seq. Our data shows that monocyte-derived FCN1+ macrophages, whereas notFABP4+ alveolar macrophages that represent a predominant macrophage subset in BALF from patients with mild diseases, overwhelm in the severely damaged lungs from patients with ARDS. These cells are highly inflammatory and enormous chemokine producers implicated in cytokine storm. Furthermore, the formation of tissue resident, highly expanded clonal CD8+ T cells in the lung microenvironment of mild symptom patients suggests a robust adaptive immune response connected to a better control of COVID-19. This study first reported the cellular atlas of lung bronchoalveolar immune microenvironment in COVID-19 patients at the single-cell resolution, and unveiled the potential immune mechanisms underlying disease progression and protection in COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.02.23.20026690v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.23.20026690 id: cord-354164-tlmfn4bm author: Liao, Xuelian title: Critical Care for Severe COVID-19: A Population-based Study from a Province with Low Case-fatality Rate in China date: 2020-03-27 words: 5020.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354164-tlmfn4bm.txt summary: Using data from the multicentre cohort study (StUdy of 2019 Novel coRonavirus pneumonia Infected critically ill patients in Sichuan provincE, SUNRISE), we aimed to describe and analyse the clinical course, multi-strategy management, and respiratory support resources usage for the severe COVID-19 at the provincial level. According to the criteria proposed by Chinese National Health Commission, confirmed COVID-19 patients who met any of the five following criteria 2 were included as severe cases: 1) dyspnoea or respiratory frequency ≥30/min; 2) pulse oxygen saturation (SPO2) ≤93% without oxygen therapy in resting state; 3) PaO2:FiO2 ratio <300; 4) lung infiltrates >50% within 24-48 hours; 5) respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction. To our knowledge, it is the first time that critical care for severe COVID-19 was described from the perspective of identification, organization and resources using data from a population based study, where a significant lower case-fatality rate was observed than that reported elsewhere. abstract: Background Data regarding critical care for patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. We aimed to describe and analyse the clinical course, multi-strategy management, and respiratory support usage for the severe COVID-19 at the provincial level. Methods Using data from Sichuan Provincial Department of Health and the population-based multicentre cohort study, all microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 patients in Sichuan who met the national severe criteria were included from January 16 to March 15, 2020. All patients were followed-up from the day of inclusion, noted as Day one (D1), until discharge, death, or the end of the study. Findings Out of 539 COVID-19 patients, 81 severe cases (15.0%) were identified. The median (IQR) age was 50 (39-65) years, 37% were female, and 53.1% had chronic comorbidities. All severe cases were identified before requiring mechanical ventilation. Among the five predefined criteria for severe illness, low PaO2:FiO2 ratio (<300 mmHg) was the most commonly reported, accounting for 87.7% of the severe diagnosed. By establishing provisional ICUs, all 81 patients were admitted to hospitals capable of providing critical care, among whom 51 (63.0%) were treated in provisional ICUs. On D1, 77 patients (95.1%) were admitted, 76 (93.8%) were administered by respiratory support, including 51 (67.9%) by conventional oxygen therapy (COT). By D28, 53 (65.4%) were discharged, three (3.7%) were deceased, and 25 (30.9%) were still hospitalized. COT, administered to 95.1% of the patients, was the most commonly used respiratory support and met 62.7% of the respiratory support needed, followed by high-flow nasal cannula (19.5%) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (10%). Interpretation The multi-strategy management for severe COVID-19 patients included early identification and timely critical care, including appropriate respiratory support in particular. Preparation of sufficient conventional oxygen equipment should be prioritized. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20041277 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20041277 id: cord-323421-67r1qmc9 author: Liao, Yunfei title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study date: 2020-04-24 words: 3723.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323421-67r1qmc9.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to designated hospital from Jianghan Fangcang shelter Hospital: a retrospective, observational study Methods This study enrolled all cases (no=1848) with mild or moderate type of COVID-19 in Fangcang shelter hospital of Jianghan in Wuhan from Feb 5th to Mar 9th, 2020. The patients from mild or moderate type to severe type showed the following clinical characteristics: the median incubation (onset to shelter) period was 10 days; they were all symptomatic at admission; fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms; hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart diseases were common co-morbidities; most of the patients had elevated levels of CRP at ill onset with 33.3% over 10 mg per L; bilateral distribution and ground-glass opacity were the most common manifestations in chest CT. 21.20074724 doi: medRxiv preprint retrospective cohort study to disclose the clinical characteristics and risk factors for developed COVID-19 patients transferring to the designated hospital in Fangcang shelter hospital. abstract: Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a world-wide emergency. Fangcang shelter hospitals have been applied in COVID-19 to ease ongoing shortage of medical resources in Wuhan since February 2020. Methods This study enrolled all cases (no=1848) with mild or moderate type of COVID-19 in Fangcang shelter hospital of Jianghan in Wuhan from Feb 5th to Mar 9th, 2020. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on the National health commission of China. Epidemiological history, comorbidity, vital signs, symptoms and signs were recorded in detail. Laboratory tests included biochemical indicators and nucleic acid tests by throat swabs have been performed as well. Findings A total of 1327 patients reached the criteria of isolation release. Meanwhile, 521 patients have been transferred to the designated hospitals for further treatment, including severe type, fever more than 3 days, and severe comorbidity. The case-severity rate (rate of mild or moderate type transforming to severe type) was 3.0% in the shelter hospital. The patients from mild or moderate type to severe type showed the following clinical characteristics: the median incubation (onset to shelter) period was 10 days; they were all symptomatic at admission; fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms; hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart diseases were common co-morbidities; most of the patients had elevated levels of CRP at ill onset with 33.3% over 10 mg per L; bilateral distribution and ground-glass opacity were the most common manifestations in chest CT. Interpretation The potential risk factors of fever, fatigue, high level of C-reactive protein were the risk factors to identify the progression of COVID-19 patients with mild or moderate type. Fangcang shelter hospitals have substantially reduced the time from the onset of severe symptoms transfer to a designated hospital. Early application of the Fangcang shelter hospital may contribute to decrease the ratio of mild transforming to severe patients. Funding No specific grant from any funding was applied to this research. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.21.20074724v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.21.20074724 id: cord-260642-qzc3etlx author: Liao, Zhongxing title: Optimizing lung cancer radiation treatment worldwide in COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-26 words: 3700.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260642-qzc3etlx.txt summary: A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927) Long-term Follow-up on NRG Oncology RTOG 0915 (NCCTG N0927): A Randomized Phase 2 Study Comparing 2 Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Schedules for Medically Inoperable Patients With Stage I Peripheral Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer SOCCAR: A randomised phase II trial comparing sequential versus concurrent chemotherapy and radical hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with inoperable stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and good performance status Impact of thoracic radiotherapy timing in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: usefulness of the individual patient data meta-analysis Phase 2 study of accelerated hypofractionated thoracic radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer Phase III trial of concurrent thoracic radiotherapy with either first-or third-cycle chemotherapy for limited-disease small-cell lung cancer abstract: COVID-19 has spread around the planet, sending billions of people into lockdown as health services struggle to cope. By April 2020, there are over a million two hundred thousand confirmed cases and more than sixty-five thousand deaths worldwide Meanwhile in Asia, where the disease began, the spread continues, in China it seems for now to have passed its peak. Italy, Spain, France, and the US have been the countries more affected in terms of deaths. The coronavirus is more dangerous to the elderly and those with certain pre-existing medical conditions which is precisely the profile of lung cancer patients. Essential cancer services should be delivered but all steps should be taken to protect patients and the health workforce from infection with COVID-19. This presents a major challenge to radiotherapy (RT) departments worldwide in curbing the spread of COVID-19 while ensuring the continuity of services. In RT, shortening overall treatment time to reduce the number of patients present in the department is an important consideration. An international panel, including the majority of countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with expertise in the management of cancer in high-volume comprehensive centres from the largest societies of radiation oncology worldwide have come together to share their experience on COVID-19 preparedness in the context of lung cancer RT to deliver optimal care in such exceptional circumstances, based on the latest evidence. A comprehensive systematic review of the literature through a PubMed search was undertaken. Given that lung cancer is one of the most common and severe pathologies in radiation oncology departments, the following recommendations require particularly urgent consideration. The decision-making paths strongly depend on locally available resources, and a tailored approach should be used to attend lung cancer patients during this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.029 doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.029 id: cord-271653-4q2olzx1 author: Libby, Peter title: The Heart in COVID19: Primary Target or Secondary Bystander? date: 2020-04-10 words: 1590.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271653-4q2olzx1.txt summary: Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. abstract: Summary: In the throes of the current COVID-19 pandemic, interest has burgeoned in the cardiovascular complications of this virulent viral infection. As troponin, a biomarker of cardiac injury, often rises in hospitalized patients, its interpretation and actionability require careful consideration. Fulminant myocarditis due to direct viral infection can certainly occur, but patients with increased oxygen demands due to tachycardia and fever, and reduced oxygen delivery due to hypotension and hypoxemia can cause myocardial injury indirectly. Cytokines released during the acute infection can elicit activation of cells within pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions, augmenting thrombotic risk and risk of ischemic syndromes. Moreover, microvascular activation by cytokines can cause not only myocardial injury but harm other organ systems commonly involved in COVID-19 infections including the kidneys. Dealing with the immense challenge of COVID-19 disease, confronted with severely ill patients in dire straits with virtually no rigorous evidence base to guide our therapy, we must call upon our clinical skills and judgment. These touchstones can help guide us in selecting patients who might benefit from the advanced imaging and invasive procedures that present enormous logistical challenges in the current context. Lacking a robust evidence base, pathophysiologic reasoning can help guide our choices of therapy for individual clinical scenarios. We must exercise caution and extreme humility, as often plausible interventions fail when tested rigorously. But act today we must, and understanding the multiplicity of mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 infection will help us meet our mission unsupported by the comfort of strong data. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X20301546?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.04.001 id: cord-271930-9a18h2tr author: Licari, Amelia title: Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares date: 2020-05-28 words: 1177.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271930-9a18h2tr.txt summary: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initially proposed that patients with chronic lung diseases, including moderate-severe asthma, and allergy may have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 than otherwise healthy people (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/asthma.html). Allergic children had a significantly higher (P < .0001) eosinophil count than COVID-19 patients. However, it has been recently commented that chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD and asthma, seem to be underrepresented in the comorbidities of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, children and adolescents with allergy and asthma should be adequately managed during this COVID-19 pandemic, also considering the restrictive rules released by governmental authorities that impose a strict limitation on movements. 10 In summary, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the lack of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines currently require additional medical efforts to prevent COVID-19 and mostly protect patients with chronic diseases. Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2 Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting people at any age with a more severe course in patients with chronic diseases or comorbidities, males and elderly patients. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initially proposed that patients with chronic lung diseases, including moderate-severe asthma, and allergy may have a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 than otherwise healthy people (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/asthma.html). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32418233/ doi: 10.1111/all.14369 id: cord-298866-dzatps7b author: Licskai, Christopher title: Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society’s Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 1545.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298866-dzatps7b.txt summary: title: Key highlights from the Canadian Thoracic Society''s Position Statement on the Optimization of Asthma Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic In general, asthma maintenance and exacerbation management should continue according to national and international guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, however treatment decisions should be individualized based on patient characteristics. 6, 7, 8 Are patients with asthma at risk of having an exacerbation triggered by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19)? The Centers for Disease Control identify people with asthma as a group that may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. No. Asthma patients should restart or continue their prescribed inhaled corticosteroid or inhaled corticosteroid steroid plus long-acting beta 2 -agonist maintenance therapy to improve disease control and to reduce the severity of exacerbations, including exacerbations that may be caused by SARS-CoV-2. Yes. There is no evidence that inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of acquiring COVID-19 or that inhaled corticosteroids increase the severity of infection. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220316160 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.551 id: cord-293086-6282sb6b author: Liddell, Kathleen title: Who gets the ventilator? Important legal rights in a pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 5502.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293086-6282sb6b.txt summary: 2 As a result, at present, the only central guidance comes from the ''COVID-19 Rapid Guideline'' issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which recommends triaging admission to the ICU based on frailty assessments, but provides little concrete guidance on how to allocate or re-allocate ventilators once a patient is in the ICU. At present, the prognostic tools required to produce an effective decision support system (triage protocol) are lacking along with most of the infrastructure, processes, legal protections, and training for critical care triage.'' 13 It is difficult to attribute relative probabilities of survival to patients, or to anticipate length of bed stay, with a novel disease like COVID-19. Thus, if ventilation is clinically indicated, it is doubtful that doctors can Current controversy unilaterally decide to withhold care on the grounds that a scarce resource would be more effectively used on future (anticipated) patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393471/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106332 id: cord-346109-fcytebfz author: Lie, Jessica J. title: Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia''s General Surgery Program''s COVID-19 Experience date: 2020-07-19 words: 2175.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346109-fcytebfz.txt summary: title: Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia''s General Surgery Program''s COVID-19 Experience Objective: The University of British Columbia''s General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic. Objective: The University of British Columbia''s General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time. The General Surgery Program at UBC optimized the wellness of residents by targeting three domains: efficiency of practice, culture of wellness and personal resilience. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are suffering from increased rates of mental health disturbances. Residents’ duty obligations put them at increased physical and mental health risk. It is only by prioritizing their well-being that we can better serve the patients and prepare for a surge. Therefore, it is imperative that measures are put in place to protect them. METHODS: Resident wellness was optimized by targeting three domains: efficiency of practice, culture of wellness and personal resilience. RESULTS: Efficiency in delivering information and patient care minimizes additional stress to residents that is caused by the pandemic. By having a reserve team, prioritizing the safety of residents and taking burnout seriously, the culture of wellness and sense of community in our program are emphasized. All of the residents’ personal resilience was further optimized by the regular and mandatory measures put in place by the program. CONCLUSIONS: The new challenges brought on by a pandemic puts increased pressure on residents. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.017 doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.017 id: cord-332573-pltz5viz author: Lieberman, Joshua A title: Coping With COVID-19: Emerging Medical Student Clinical Pathology Education in the Pacific Northwest in the Face of a Global Pandemic date: 2020-09-02 words: 3778.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332573-pltz5viz.txt summary: The reflection piece, due at the end of the course, was a one-to two-page reply to the following prompt: "Describe three key aspects of lab medicine you''ve learned and how they apply to the Covid-19 pandemic." The anonymous course survey contained quantitative and freetext elements for students to give feedback on small groups, lectures, and the overall course (Supplemental Table 1 ; all supplemental materials can be found at American Journal of Clinical Pathology online). The course directors effectively leveraged these parallel changes in clinical activity and resident education to provide medical students remote access to these activities, which had been components of LabM 680 ❚Table 4❚. The new course, MedSci 585C, provided third-and fourth-year medical students an opportunity to develop their diagnostic and patient management skills through directed distance learning in the hospital-based clinical laboratory. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in the United States was reported in Washington State. The pandemic caused drastic disruptions to medical institutions, including medical education. The Department of Laboratory Medicine at the University of Washington responded by rapidly implementing substantial changes to medical student clerkships. METHODS: In real time, we converted one ongoing case- and didactic-based course, LabM 685, to remote learning. RESULTS: Fifteen of 17 scheduled sessions proceeded as planned, including two sessions for student presentations. Two didactics were canceled as the functions of the teleconferencing platform were not sufficient to proceed. One grand rounds speaker canceled due to COVID-19 precautions. Elements of an immersive clinical laboratory clerkship, LabM 680, were repurposed to accommodate 40 medical students per class via remote learning, highlighting clinical laboratory activities that continue throughout the outbreak. A new remote clerkship, MedSci 585C, was developed incorporating distance learning and guided small-group sessions. This coincided with parallel efforts to make resident and fellow service work, conferences, and didactics available remotely to comply with social distancing. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in medical education described reflect the dynamic interplay of current events affecting the world of clinical pathology. Throughout this, technology—while with some limitations—has provided the platform for innovative learning. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa152 doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa152 id: cord-355777-zly3ddtr author: Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil title: Disparities in COVID-19 Testing and Positivity in New York City date: 2020-06-25 words: 2386.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355777-zly3ddtr.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access in New York City have likely impacted the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS: In New York City, COVID-19 testing has not been proportional to need; existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access have likely impacted public health response. The ZCTA-level data on median household income in the past 12 months (Table B19013) , median gross rent (B25064), percentage living <150% of the poverty line (e.g., an annual salary of ≤$26,200 for a four-person household 7 ; Table C17002 ), education (B15002), percentage working class (C24010), percentage unemployed (B23025), and more than one occupant per room (B25014) were downloaded from 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. This analysis identifies disparities in those being tested, and suggests a gap in COVID-19 response policy, as well as the need for widespread testing and public health outreach to the most vulnerable populations of NYC. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access in New York City have likely impacted the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An ecological study was performed to determine the spatial distribution of COVID-19 testing by ZIP Code Tabulation Area and investigate if testing was associated with race or SES. METHODS: Data were obtained from the New York City Coronavirus data repository and the 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. A combined index of SES was created using principal component analysis, and incorporated household income, gross rent, poverty, education, working class status, unemployment, and occupants per room. Multivariable Poisson regressions were performed to predict the number of total tests and the ratio of positive tests to total tests performed, using the SES index, racial composition, and Hispanic composition as predictors. RESULTS: The number of total tests significantly increased with the increasing proportion of white residents (β=0.004, SE=0.001, p=0.0032), but not with increasing Hispanic composition or SES index score. The ratio of positive tests to total tests significantly decreased with the increasing proportion of white residents in the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (β= –0.003, SE=0.0006, p<0.001) and with increasing SES index score (β= –0.0016, SE=0.0007, p=0.0159). CONCLUSIONS: In New York City, COVID-19 testing has not been proportional to need; existing socioeconomic and racial disparities in healthcare access have likely impacted public health response. There is urgent need for widespread testing and public health outreach for the most vulnerable communities in New York City. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.005 id: cord-356173-8vrw4mag author: Liebig, J. title: Should international borders re-open? The impact of travel restrictions on COVID-19 importation risk date: 2020-10-14 words: 3981.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356173-8vrw4mag.txt summary: There are two major factors that influence the expected number of COVID-19 importations: incoming traveller volumes, and incidence rates of the disease in source countries. Figure 2 shows the estimated number of COVID-19 cases imported by citizens/residents and visitors from the ten largest sources before and after the respective travel restrictions were implemented. To decide whether it is safe to open international borders, governments need to understand the relationship between the number of arrivals, incidence rates in countries that act as importation sources and the expected number of COVID-19 importations. We use the monthly number of observed COVID-19 infections amongst travellers arriving into Australia from a given country to estimate the country''s true incidence rate. The importation model requires as input the date of arrival into the country under investigation (in our case Australia), the duration of the overseas stay, daily incidence rates of COVID-19 in the country of origin and the lengths of the latent and infectious periods. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread across the world at an unprecedented pace, reaching over 200 countries and territories in less than three months. In response, many governments denied entry to travellers arriving from various countries affected by the virus. While several industries continue to experience economic losses due to the imposed interventions, it is unclear whether the different travel restrictions were successful in reducing COVID-19 importations. Here we develop a comprehensive framework to model daily COVID-19 importations, considering different travel bans. We quantify the temporal effects of the restrictions and elucidate the relationship between incidence rates in other countries, travel flows and the expected number of importations into the country under investigation. As a cases study, we evaluate the travel bans enforced by the Australian government. We find that international travel bans in Australia lowered COVID-19 importations by 87.68% (83.39 - 91.35) between January and June 2020. The presented framework can further be used to gain insights into how many importations to expect should borders re-open. Authorities may consider the presented information when planning a phased re-opening of international borders. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.11.20211060 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.11.20211060 id: cord-341624-02bmonj6 author: Liem, Andrian title: Ethical standards for telemental health must be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 words: 1238.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341624-02bmonj6.txt summary: 1, 3, 4 Despite increased interest in telemental health, the pandemic created a sudden switch from offline to online modalities challenging clinicians to rapidly adapt to meet patients'' needs. 5 This number is higher in low and middle-income countries in Asia, for example, about 85% of clinicians in Bangladesh have never provided telemental health services to their patients. 12 Second, clinicians must have practical competence to deliver online interventions, including assisting patients when they face logistical issues. A brief checklist covers these five ethical standards for telemental health is provided in Table 1 and can complement the available mental health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1, 2, 13 Telemental health is promising for use during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in Asian countries. Clinician should not rely on this table only and should seek more detail ethical standards from their government and professional organisation before providing telemental health services. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563105/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102218 id: cord-318994-1xngjndu author: Lier, Audun J. title: Case Report: Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-14 words: 1966.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318994-1xngjndu.txt summary: We report a case of a COVID-19 patient who developed disseminated strongyloidiasis following treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and tocilizumab. Screening for Strongyloides infection should be pursued in individuals with COVID-19 who originate from endemic regions before initiating immunosuppressive therapy. This report describes the clinical features of a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis infection and polymicrobial bacteremia in an individual who received immunosuppressive treatment for COVID-19. 11 Given our patient''s epidemiologic risk factor and development of Gram-negative bacteremia, the clinical diagnosis of disseminated strongyloidiasis was further supported. The initial Strongyloides serology on hospital day 21 was negative, but the repeat was positive on day 38. 8 This case highlights important considerations when using immunosuppressive therapies for COVID-19 treatment, particularly in patients with risk factors for prior Strongyloides infection. Clinical suspicion for disseminated strongyloidiasis should be maintained in patients from endemic areas who develop Gram-negative sepsis or meningitis. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus has emerged and rapidly evolved into a current global pandemic. Although bacterial and fungal coinfections have been associated with COVID-19, little is known about parasitic infection. We report a case of a COVID-19 patient who developed disseminated strongyloidiasis following treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and tocilizumab. Screening for Strongyloides infection should be pursued in individuals with COVID-19 who originate from endemic regions before initiating immunosuppressive therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0699 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0699 id: cord-332682-c6iql84p author: Liesman, Daniel R title: Perspectives From Rising Fourth Year Medical Students Regarding Strategies to Counteract the Effects of COVID-19 on Medical Education date: 2020-07-13 words: 2114.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332682-c6iql84p.txt summary: We believe that implementing virtual rotations, delaying the opening of the application, decentralizing clinical skills evaluations, and modifying graduation requirements are possible options among many that could aid in addressing some of the current challenges presented by COVID-19. Therefore, we hope to contribute to this early discussion to identify possible avenues that residency programs, administration, and students may find useful as they approach some of the developing issues of clinical learning, licensing examinations, and graduation requirements in the wake of COVID-19. In light of the loss of clinical time and significant limitation in away rotation opportunities, the same working group has recommended delaying the opening of the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). As students, we believe that implementing virtual rotations, delaying the opening of the application, decentralizing clinical skills evaluations, and modifying graduation requirements are possible options among many that could aid in addressing some of the current challenges presented by COVID-19. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has put those who oversee medical education in a challenging position. Medical school administrators, students, and national governing bodies have been forced to make difficult decision as a result of public health concerns and government-enforced restrictions. We, as rising fourth-year medical students, would like to shed light upon the hard work that many of those in leadership positions have done as well as lay out some concerns that medical students who are preparing to apply to residency have. Additionally, we would like to suggest several potential approaches that attempt to address some of the problems arising from the pandemic. Continuing to balance education with the hurdles presented by COVID-19 will require a multi-faceted and coordinated approach. We believe that implementing virtual rotations, delaying the opening of the application, decentralizing clinical skills evaluations, and modifying graduation requirements are possible options among many that could aid in addressing some of the current challenges presented by COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520940659 doi: 10.1177/2382120520940659 id: cord-329737-l8u4s73w author: Liew, Yixin title: Antimicrobial stewardship program, a vital resource for hospitals during the global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-27 words: 1111.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329737-l8u4s73w.txt summary: Since then, the Ministry of Health, Singapore, quickly raised "Disease Outbreak Response System Condition" (DORSCON) alert to orange (the second highest level of alert) on 7th Feb 2020, and implemented various measures nationwide, including border control, quarantine of contacts of COVID-19 cases or those who have travelled to affected areas, temperature screening as well as restricting the number of visitors to the hospital. 1 In light of increasing COVID-19 cases locally and internationally, 2 our hospital faced competing manpower needs arising from health crisis management, leading to uncertainty over manpower allocation of non-direct patient care personnel e.g. antibiotic stewardship practitioners. Here, we aim to describe the impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic use and the role of Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) in Singapore General Hospital (SGH), an 1800-bed, tertiary-care hospital. Discontinuation of antibiotic therapy within 24 hours of treatment initiation for patients with no clinical evidence of bacterial infection: a 5-year safety and outcome study from Singapore General Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Program abstract: Healthcare resources are being diverted for the containment and control of COVID-19. During this outbreak, we caution that antibiotic misuse may be increased, especially for respiratory tract infections. With stewardship interventions, duration of antibiotic therapy and length of stay of hospitalized patients can be significantly reduced. Antibiotic stewardship programs should continually engage and educate prescribers to mitigate antibiotic misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920303435?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106145 id: cord-271089-xzckxnv8 author: Lifshits, M. title: COVID-19 mortality rate in Russia: forecasts and reality evaluation date: 2020-09-25 words: 6164.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271089-xzckxnv8.txt summary: India 17 14 11 10 6 4 4 3 3 3 Russia 9 5 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 South Africa 51 44 39 30 23 21 18 14 6 5 Mexico 25 20 17 17 14 14 11 9 8 6 Peru 16 13 12 12 8 7 7 5 5 7 Chile 28 24 19 15 13 9 8 6 7 8 Spain 2 2 3 4 4 6 6 7 9 9 UK 6 4 4 5 5 5 5 8 10 10 Iran 8 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 11 11 Pakistan 27 22 20 18 16 15 12 12 12 12 Saudi Arabia 22 17 16 16 15 16 15 13 13 13 Colombia 48 42 38 32 27 23 21 19 18 14 Italy 3 3 6 6 7 8 9 11 14 15 Turkey 7 9 9 9 11 12 13 15 15 16 Bangladesh 45 37 30 23 20 18 17 18 17 17 Germany 5 7 8 8 9 11 14 16 16 18 France 4 6 7 7 12 13 16 17 19 19 Argentina 53 54 50 44 38 34 27 23 20 20 Compiled by the authors based on the data from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ The list of leaders in the total number of COVID-19 -related deaths over the last two months have not changed as much as the total number of people infected, since the mortality in the first European countries affected with the new disease was particularly high, besides the growth in the number of infections over time is reflected in the increase in the number of deaths (table 2). abstract: COVID-19 is an extremely dangerous disease that not only spreads quickly, but is also characterized by a high mortality rate. Therefore, predicting the number of deaths from the new coronavirus is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors affecting COVID-19 mortality rate in various countries, to predict direct and indirect victims of the pandemic in the Russian Federation, and to estimate additional mortality during the pandemic based on the demographic data. The main research method is econometric modeling. Comparison of various data was also applied. The authors' calculations were based on data from the RSSS, the World Bank, as well as specialized sites with coronavirus statistics in Russia and in the world. A predictive estimation of the deceased number of people due to the pandemic in Russia was made. It is confirmed that the deaths proportion of the completed cases of the disease depends on the level of testing. It is shown that the revealed mortality of the disease depends on the proportion of completed cases, on the population age structure, and on how early the pandemic entered the country compared to the other countries. It is determined that the number of additional deaths due to the coronavirus is approximately 31 thousand people. The analysis revealed that the relatively low proportion of COVID in Russia is the result of a special approach to the cause of death determination. The mortality rate in Russia in April 2020 was about 3% higher than in April 2019. The share of the deceased health workers in the total coronavirus mortality in the Russian Federation is higher than in the developed countries, which indicates an underestimation of the data on COVID- 19 deaths in the Russian Federation, and the unsatisfactory quality of the Russian healthcare system. The number of direct and indirect victims of the pandemic in the Russian Federation at the end of July was approximately 43 thousand people. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.25.20201376 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201376 id: cord-318909-h5b7mncf author: Liguori, Claudio title: Subjective neurological symptoms frequently occur in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-05-19 words: 3476.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318909-h5b7mncf.txt summary: 7 A large retrospective analysis carried out in China on 214 patients affected by SARS-CoV2 infection confirmed that hospitalized patients complained of subjective neurological symptoms (sNS) in a 36 .4% of cases, including headache, disturbed consciousness, and paresthesia as the most frequent. This observational study, carried out in 103 patients affected by SARS-CoV2 infection, documented the high prevalence of sNS during the course of the disease, even immediately after admission to the Hospital. Although the involvement of nervous system during SARS-CoV2 infection has been extensively proposed, [10] [11] [12] few studies focused the investigation on neurological symptoms in patients with 7 The largest study examining the neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was a retrospective analysis achieved by reviewing patients'' clinical charts. 15 In the present study, we performed a prospective observation in patients with non-severe respiratory form of SARS-CoV2 by using an anamnestic interview designed to better determinate the occurrence and type of sNS over the course of the disease. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a novel pneumonia leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Recent studies documented that SARS-Coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2), responsible for COVID-19, can affect the nervous system. The aim of the present observational study was to prospectively assess subjective neurological symptoms (sNS) in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. METHODS: We included patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, medical center dedicated to the treatment of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis, who underwent an anamnestic interview about sNS consisting of 13 items, each related to a specific symptom, requiring a dichotomized answer. RESULTS: We included 103 patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Ninety-four patients (91.3%) reported at least one sNS. Sleep impairment was the most frequent symptom, followed by dysgeusia, headache, hyposmia, and depression. Women more frequently complained hyposmia, dysgeusia, dizziness, numbeness/paresthesias, daytime sleepiness, and muscle ache. Moreover, muscle ache and daytime sleepiness were more frequent in the first 2 days after admission. Conversely, sleep impairment was more frequent in patients with more than 7 days of hospitalization. In these patients we also documented higher white blood cells and lower C-reactive protein levels. These laboratory findings correlated with the occurrence of hyposmia, dysgeusia, headache, daytime sleepiness, and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SARS-CoV2 infection frequently present with sNS. These symptoms were present from the early phases of the disease. The possibly intrinsic neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV2 may justify the very high frequency of sNS. Further studies targeted at investigating the consequences of SARS-CoV2 infection on the CNS should be planned. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915912030876X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.037 id: cord-267713-i75e5vtw author: Lim, Andy title: An International Report on the Adaptations of Rapid Transient Ischaemic Attack Pathways During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-18 words: 2895.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267713-i75e5vtw.txt summary: BACKGROUND: This report aims to describe changes that centres providing transient ischaemic attack (TIA) pathway services have made to stay operational in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The COVID pandemic has led TIA clinics around the world to adapt and move to the use of telemedicine for outpatient clinic review and modified investigation pathways. The aim of this report is to provide a description of existing rapid TIA pathways around the world and understand the necessary adjustments in practice required to optimally evaluate and manage TIAs during the pandemic. The key findings were: (1) all participating centres remained operational, (2) change in assessment to telephone and/or video-enabled visits; (3) change in type of vascular imaging investigations, First, the fact that all participating centres reported an active status suggests that the commitment that health services have made to redirecting TIA patients to rapid and/or outpatient pathways is significant. abstract: BACKGROUND: This report aims to describe changes that centres providing transient ischaemic attack (TIA) pathway services have made to stay operational in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHODS: An international cross-sectional description of the adaptions of TIA pathways between 30(th) March and 6(th) May 2020. Experience was reported from 18 centres with rapid TIA pathways in seven countries (Australia, France, UK, Canada, USA, New Zealand, Italy, Canada) from three continents. RESULTS: All pathways remained active (n = 18). Sixteen (89%) had TIA clinics. Six of these clinics (38%) continued to provide in-person assessment while the majority (63%) used telehealth exclusively. Of these, three reported PPE use and three did not. Five centres with clinics (31%) had adopted a different vascular imaging strategy. CONCLUSION: The COVID pandemic has led TIA clinics around the world to adapt and move to the use of telemedicine for outpatient clinic review and modified investigation pathways. Despite the pandemic, all have remained operational. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1052305720306467 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105228 id: cord-290820-28ggcjx0 author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: Sports activities during any pandemic lockdown date: 2020-07-04 words: 2311.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290820-28ggcjx0.txt summary: With the resumption of normal life during COVID-19 taking effect immediately, guidelines for outdoor exercise, recreational activities, and returning to competitive sports must be enacted with caution. To help delay and mitigate COVID-19 spread, staying at home is still encouraged and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends daily physical activity for both children (60 min/day) and adults (30 min/day). During the self-isolation period, the majority of people grew accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle with less physical activity, fewer daily step counts, and rarely exercise, while athletes and certain people train individually to keep themselves fit and healthy [11] . Assuming a reduction in strength, flexibility, endurance, proprioceptive, and neuromuscular control, there is a greater risk of injury faced by athletes when transitioning from an unprecedented lockdown to high-level sports-specific practice. Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19 -systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621168/ doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02300-9 id: cord-297213-r5ulw2n1 author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 954.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297213-r5ulw2n1.txt summary: title: The Danger of Sedentary Lifestyle in Diabetic and Obese People During the COVID-19 Pandemic Currently, the preventive measures adopted to lower the risk of COVID-19 transmission include mitigation approaches and living physically active lifestyles. 16, 17 Adoption of physically active lifestyles can delay the aging of the immune system, and minimize the risk of contracting communicable and non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression: diabetes and COVID-19 Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19 -Systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149717/ doi: 10.1177/1179551420964487 id: cord-344076-ervwj8ok author: Lim, Michael Anthonius title: The insidious threat of jamu and unregulated traditional medicines in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-12 words: 800.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344076-ervwj8ok.txt summary: Continuous consumption of jamu and other adulterated traditional medicines has the potential to cause their consumers to become steroid-dependent. Patients with comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, often develop more severe COVID-19 and it is possible that these patients also may consume unregulated traditional medicines in addition to their routine prescriptions [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Therefore, obtaining a comprehensive history, including consumption of jamu and other unregulated traditional medicines, is crucial for the early identification of steroid dependence. A retrospective analysis of adrenal crisis in steroid-dependent patients: causes, frequency and outcomes Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.022 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.022 id: cord-311853-k6efd9vg author: Lim, Rachel HF title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 words: 1253.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt summary: Chow et al reported a marked decline in influenza incidence in Singapore during the first four months of 2020, likely attributable to public health measures aimed at controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1) . As part of routine infectious disease surveillance for these institutions, we reviewed the results of all urinary streptococcal antigen tests performed, as well as the number of notifications submitted to the Ministry of Health for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (a notifiable disease for which reporting is mandatory for all clinicians and clinical laboratories), from the years 2010 to 2020. We postulate that the public health COVID-19 prevention measures introduced in Singapore resulted in an inadvertent decrease in pneumococcal disease transmission. In conclusion, we observed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease at our institution that corresponded with the time period when public health measures were implemented to control COVID-19, suggesting that these measures had also had an inadvertent effect on the transmission of S. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320305545?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020 id: cord-290841-lo84h1yf author: Lim, Rodrick title: Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-03 words: 420.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290841-lo84h1yf.txt summary: key: cord-290841-lo84h1yf title: Emergency physician mental health during the subacute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic cord_uid: lo84h1yf The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique mental stressors for emergency physicians (EPs). In light of the literature on the mental health of EPs during the severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic, the wellbeing of EPs during this prolonged COVID-19 pandemic is of major concern, as they are at significant risk of depression, anxiety, and other mental health complaints. [1] [2] [3] [4] EPs pre-pandemic experienced chronic stress, perceived lack of control, inefficiency, and moral distress, which were all leading to burnout. We propose that three important themes during the subacute phase are important to identify to support EP mental health: uncertainty, lack of control, and discord. To support EPs'' mental health during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, we propose the following action items: The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616092/ doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.442 id: cord-033656-ivp3lchc author: Lim, Seok Mei title: Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on COVID-19 Negative Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures date: 2020-10-09 words: 850.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033656-ivp3lchc.txt summary: As public health policymakers try to control the pandemic by focusing resources on COVID-19, the general population fear contracting coronavirus from hospitals, resulting in changes in their healthcare seeking behaviour. We describe two cases demonstrating the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 to our geriatric patients in Singapore who have sustained hip fractures. A study done in the United States demonstrated that up to one-third of patients have delayed seeking medical care in the ED due to COVID-19 fears (3). Case 1''s access to Orthopedic opinion and surgical intervention was hampered by her fear of contracting COVID-19 from the hospital. Logistical COVID-19 related arrangements with redistribution of healthcare workers and resources had contributed to Case 2''s delay in diagnosis and subsequent access to Orthopedic services. Studies have illustrated that COVID-19 positive cases with hip fractures have higher mortality rates (5) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548523/ doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.54 id: cord-329308-ipui7lo6 author: Lim, Soo title: Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 words: 4611.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329308-ipui7lo6.txt summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have tended to gain weight because of environmental factors imposed by quarantine policies, such as decreased physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy food. The common medications used to treat people with obesity, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, statins, and antiplatelets agents, should be continued because these agents have anti-inflammatory properties and play protective roles against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. 54 A cumulative effect of chronic inflammation and hypercytokinemia seems to bring about a hyperinflammatory response through macrophage active syndrome, especially in patients with severe COVID-19 (Fig. 2) . Letter to the Editor: obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Letter to the Editor: obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease abstract: Since December 2019, countries around the world have been struggling with a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Case series have reported that people with obesity experience more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have tended to gain weight because of environmental factors imposed by quarantine policies, such as decreased physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy food. Mechanisms have been postulated to explain the association between COVID-19 and obesity. COVID-19 aggravates inflammation and hypoxia in people with obesity, which can lead to severe illness and the need for intensive care. The immune system is compromised in people with obesity and COVID-19 affects the immune system, which can lead to complications. Interleukin-6 and other cytokines play an important role in the progression of COVID-19. The inflammatory response, critical illness, and underlying risk factors may all predispose to complications of obesity such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The common medications used to treat people with obesity, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, statins, and antiplatelets agents, should be continued because these agents have anti-inflammatory properties and play protective roles against cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is also recommended that renin–angiotensin system blockers are not stopped during the COVID-19 pandemic because no definitive data about the harm or benefits of these agents have been reported. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social activities have been discouraged and exercise facilities have been closed. Under these restrictions, tailored lifestyle modifications such as home exercise training and cooking of healthy food are encouraged. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32544885/ doi: 10.7570/jomes20056 id: cord-330837-pwwgmtjr author: Lim, Zheng Jie title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-01 words: 3367.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330837-pwwgmtjr.txt summary: title: Incidence and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review and meta-analysis For example, an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported since the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic [2] . A recent population-based crosssectional study reported that out-of-hospital cardiac arrests had increased 3-fold during the 2020 COVID-19 period when compared with during the comparison period in 2019 [3] . The study hypothesis was that the incidence of OHCA and the associated mortality was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period when compared to an earlier period. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, processes of care and mortality among OHCA patients. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f DISCUSSION Across the selected studies, we observed a more than two-fold increase in OHCA incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an overall significant increase in mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID-19 on pre-hospital and hospital services and hence on the prevalence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) remain unclear. The review aimed to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, process, and outcomes of OHCA. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and pre-print websites was performed. Studies reporting comparative data on OHCA within the same jurisdiction, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Study quality was assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Ten studies reporting data from 35,379 OHCA events were included. There was a 120% increase in OHCA events since the pandemic. Time from OHCA to ambulance arrival was longer during the pandemic (p = 0.036). While mortality (OR = 0.67, 95%-CI 0.49-0.91) and supraglottic airway use (OR = 0.36, 95%-CI 0.27-0.46) was higher during the pandemic, automated external defibrillator use (OR = 1.78 95%-CI 1.06-2.98), return of spontaneous circulation (OR = 1.63, 95%-CI 1.18-2.26) and intubation (OR = 1.87, 95%-CI 1.12-3.13) was more common before the pandemic. More patients survived to hospital admission (OR = 1.75, 95%-CI 1.42-2.17) and discharge (OR = 1.65, 95%-CI 1.28-2.12) before the pandemic. Bystander CPR (OR = 1.08, 95%-CI 0.86-1.35), unwitnessed OHCA (OR = 0.84, 95%-CI 0.66-1.07), paramedic-resuscitation attempts (OR = 1.19 95%-CI 1.00-1.42) and mechanical CPR device use (OR = 1.57 95%-CI 0.55-4.55) did not defer significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality following OHCA was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant variations in resuscitation practices during the pandemic. Research to define optimal processes of pre-hospital care during a pandemic is urgently required. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42020203371). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300957220305335?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.025 id: cord-344693-znw3dru4 author: Lima, Brian title: COVID‐19 in recent heart transplant recipients: Clinicopathologic features and early outcomes date: 2020-07-08 words: 1840.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344693-znw3dru4.txt summary: 11 The question remains whether the inferences drawn from these larger studies in the general population can be extrapolated to immunosuppressed patients, eg, heart transplant (HTx) recipients, a vulnerable population with a high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities that continue to be present post-HTx. Increased risk of severe illness is suggested by a recent study which reported a mortality rate of 25% among HTx patients with COVID-19 in a single transplant center. [21] [22] [23] [24] COVID-19''s established predilection for direct myocardial injury 4,7-9,25-27 warrants a more comprehensive examination focusing specifically on HTx cases to improve our understanding of how this illness impacts graft function, occurrence of rejection, presence of donor specific antibodies, and other clinical nuances unique to HTx. Thus, the goal of the present study is to share novel insights from our experience in five HTx patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 at a large quaternary hospital in the New York City area. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of COVID‐19 on heart transplant (HTx) recipients remains unclear, particularly in the early post‐transplant period. METHODS: We share novel insights from our experience in five HTx patients with COVID‐19 (three within 2 months post‐transplant) from our institution at the epicenter of the pandemic. Results: All five exhibited moderate (requiring hospitalization, n = 3) or severe (requiring ICU and/or mechanical ventilation, n = 2) illness. Both cases with severe illness were transplanted approximately 6 weeks before presentation and acquired COVID‐19 through community spread. All five patients were on immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus, and three that were transplanted within the prior 2 months were additionally on prednisone. The two cases with severe illness had profound lymphopenia with markedly elevated C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and ferritin. All had bilateral ground‐glass opacities on chest imaging. MMF was discontinued in all five, and both severe cases received convalescent plasma. All three recent transplants underwent routine endomyocardial biopsies, revealing mild (n = 1) or no acute cellular rejection (n = 2), and no visible viral particles on electron microscopy. Within 30 days of admission, the two cases with severe illness remain hospitalized but have clinically improved, while the other three have been discharged. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 appears to negatively impact outcomes early after heart transplantation. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13382 doi: 10.1111/tid.13382 id: cord-339504-8svo2w3u author: Lima, Rodrigo Moreira e title: Recommendations for local-regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 2842.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339504-8svo2w3u.txt summary: Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the post-operative period and provides safety to patients and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. The present manuscript aims to review the evidence available on regional anesthesia for patients with COVID-19 and offer practical recommendations for safe and efficient performance. Therefore, when faced with the decision on which anesthetic technique is the most appropriate and safe for confirmed or suspected patients of COVID-19, judicial investigation of neurological symptoms potentially present is mandatory, equally to what is done for the pulmonary and cardiovascular symptoms common in these patients [19] In this way, we can come across cases in which distinguishing post-dural puncture headache and headache due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is difficult. Despite the recommendation favorable to wearing a surgical mask when in contact with patients with COVID-19 in short and not aerosol-generating procedures, [27] the possibility of block failures, need for ventilatory care or conversion to general anesthesia should be considered. abstract: Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many questions have come up regarding safe anesthesia management of patients with the disease. Regional anesthesia, whether peripheral nerve or neuraxial, is a safe alternative for managing patients with COVID-19, by choosing modalities that mitigate pulmonary function involvement. Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the post-operative period and provides safety to patients and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. Respecting contra-indications and judicial use of safety techniques and norms are essential. The present manuscript aims to review the evidence available on regional anesthesia for patients with COVID-19 and offer practical recommendations for safe and efficient performance. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0104001420300890 doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2020.06.002 id: cord-274834-24v2b509 author: Lima, Rosiane title: Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children date: 2020-09-11 words: 5588.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274834-24v2b509.txt summary: Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less clinically apparent, collecting high-quality biospecimens from infants, children, and adolescents in a standardized manner during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to establish a biologic understanding of the disease in the pediatric population. METHODS: A COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was implemented with strategic enrollment guidelines to include patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. Specific questions that must be addressed revolve around the role children play in viral transmission, differences in pediatric viral susceptibility and immune responses, which could guide potential therapies for adults, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the development of severe hyperinflammatory shock and cardiac damage seen in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). In order to capture the full range of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population, a COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was designed and implemented, including patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19, the disease caused by the highly infectious and transmissible coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has quickly become a morbid global pandemic. Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less clinically apparent, collecting high-quality biospecimens from infants, children, and adolescents in a standardized manner during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to establish a biologic understanding of the disease in the pediatric population. This biorepository enables pediatric centers world-wide to collect samples uniformly to drive forward our understanding of COVID-19 by addressing specific pediatric and neonatal COVID-19-related questions. METHODS: A COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was implemented with strategic enrollment guidelines to include patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. The methodology described here, details the importance of establishing collaborations between the clinical and research teams to harmonize protocols for patient recruitment and sample collection, processing and storage. It also details modifications required for biobanking during a surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Considerations and challenges facing enrollment of neonatal and pediatric cohorts are described. A roadmap is laid out for successful collection, processing, storage and database management of multiple pediatric samples such as blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, saliva, tracheal aspirates, stool, and urine. Using this methodology, we enrolled 327 participants, who provided a total of 972 biospecimens. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric biospecimens will be key in answering questions relating to viral transmission by children, differences between pediatric and adult viral susceptibility and immune responses, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. The specimens in this biorepository will allow necessary comparative studies between children and adults, help determine the accuracy of current pediatric viral testing techniques, in addition to, understanding neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease abnormalities. The successful establishment of a pediatric biorepository is critical to provide insight into disease pathogenesis, and subsequently, develop future treatment and vaccination strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32917141/ doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-01110-y id: cord-276630-qci7khki author: Lima, William Gustavo title: The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review date: 2020-06-08 words: 3727.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276630-qci7khki.txt summary: Due to the evidence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various clinically available agents, drug repositioning stands out as a promising strategy for a short-term response in the fight against the novel coronavirus. Only seven drugs (chloroquine, tetrandrine, umifenovir (arbidol), carrimycin, Table 1 Clinical evidence of potential candidates for drug repositioning against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) *Lopinavir (400 mg) + ritonavir (100 mg), q12h, orally; associated with umifenovir (200 mg), q12h, orally. [14] reported that the use of arbidol in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits the aggravation of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and promotes a virus-negative conversion in patients from China. Of these, only six drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir (arbidol), remdesivir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) have shown promising results in preclinical trials and have clinically lessened the symptoms of COVID-19. Although lopinavir/ ritonavir had low anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, arbidol, remdesivir, and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine showed promising effects against this coronavirus. abstract: The novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has quickly become a threat to the public health and economy worldwide. Despite the severity of some cases, there are no current pathogen-specific antivirals available to treat the disease. Therefore, many studies have focused on the evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of clinically available drugs. Here, we conducted a systematic review to describe the drug repositioning strategy against SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the clinical impact of this approach in the current pandemic context. The systematic review was performed on March 23, 2020, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 12 relevant studies were identified as eligible for the review. Among the drugs reported in these studies, 57 showed some evidence of antiviral activity. Antivirals, especially antiretrovirals, are the main class of therapeutic agents evaluated against COVID-19. Moreover, studies have reported the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of antitumor (16%; 9/57), antimalarial (7%, 4/57), and antibacterial (5%; 3/57) agents. Additionally, seven pharmacological agents (chloroquine, tetrandrine, umifenovir (arbidol), carrimycin, damageprevir, lopinavir/ritonavir) are in phase IV of clinical trials. Due to the evidence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various clinically available agents, drug repositioning stands out as a promising strategy for a short-term response in the fight against the novel coronavirus. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00705-020-04693-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04693-5 doi: 10.1007/s00705-020-04693-5 id: cord-265328-83p3sjja author: Limcaoco, R. S. G. title: Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date: 2020-04-06 words: 3503.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt summary: Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, the researchers decided to do evaluate the current state on the general population with a web-based survey that was considered at this moment a useful and fast method that can help determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. abstract: Introduction: Since the beginning of the outbreak in China, ending 2019, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread subsequently to the rest of the world causing an on-going pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19: a public health emergency of international concern. Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Results: The survey received 891 respondents from 25 countries, from March 17 to 23rd, 2020. The mean age of the respondents was 43.8 (14.2) years old, and more than two thirds were women. 12.8% were health personnel.The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (6.4). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, youth, students, and among those who expressed concern and those who perceived increased susceptibility to the COVID-19. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the health professionals and the general population. A good correlation was observed between mean relative volume (RSV) of the las 14 days and the number of cases reported (rho = 0.68, p <0.001) and deaths (rho = 0.51, p <0.001). Discussion: With these results we describe an increase of affective symptoms due to the COVID-19. This pandemic is raising the anxiety levels. The findings of our study show the affective and cognitive alterations people are going through. This survey is the first attempt to measure the psychological consequences this pandemic is having, in order to be able to later be able to provide the support to confront this global issue, addressing the mental health care that will be needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 id: cord-310245-r1fd2kqh author: Lin, Chung-Ying title: Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia date: 2020-08-27 words: 2877.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310245-r1fd2kqh.txt summary: title: Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia Methods Utilizing an online survey, a sample of Iranian young adults (n=1078 with 628 males; mean age=26.24 years [SD±7.41]) completed questions and psychometric scales concerning psychological distress, insomnia, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 misunderstanding. Therefore, collecting empirical data to study psychological distress of a population (such as the young adults in the present sample) during COVID-19 outbreak is vitally important, and will provide meaningful information for healthcare providers to design appropriate campaigns to promote public mental health. More specifically, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 misunderstanding, psychological distress, and insomnia are all relevant areas where information should be collected and investigated. Table 2 reports the mean (and SD) of the participants'' levels in psychological distress, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 misunderstanding, and insomnia. abstract: Introduction Due to the serious situation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, many countries have implemented policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection. However, some of these policies prevent people from physical contact. Consequently, many individuals may rely on social media to obtain information concerning COVID-19. Unfortunately, social media use (especially problematic social media use) may give rise to psychological distress. Therefore, this study thus examined potential psychopathology to explain the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Methods Utilizing an online survey, a sample of Iranian young adults (n=1078 with 628 males; mean age=26.24 years [SD±7.41]) completed questions and psychometric scales concerning psychological distress, insomnia, problematic social media use, fear of COVID-19, and COVID-19 misunderstanding. Results Problematic social media use was significantly associated with psychological distress both directly and indirectly. The indirect effects were through fear of COVID-19 (unstandardized coefficient [B]=0.177; Bootstrapping SE=0.026) and COVID-19 misunderstanding (B=0.060; Bootstrapping SE=0.014). Problematic social media use was significantly associated with insomnia both directly and indirectly. The indirect effect was through fear of COVID-19 (B=0.062; Bootstrapping SE=0.019) but not COVID-19 misunderstanding (B=0.012; Bootstrapping SE=0.014). Discussion/Conclusion Due to the pressure of the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals are highly likely to develop psychological distress and insomnia. Apart from developing appropriate health policies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infection, healthcare providers should design appropriate online campaigns to eliminate people’s fear of COVID-19 and to diminish misunderstanding concerning COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345 doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345 id: cord-289372-bk348l32 author: Lin, Chung‐Ying title: Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID‐19 preventive behaviours date: 2020-08-11 words: 8639.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289372-bk348l32.txt summary: We therefore focused on identifying the motivational and volitional determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Iranians based on an integrated model of behaviour that combined social psychological constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Schmidt, 2020) and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA; Schwarzer, 2008; Schwarzer & Hamilton, 2020) . The purpose of the current study was to examine the efficacy of an integrated theoretical model of behaviour that incorporated constructs that represent motivational and volitional processes from the TPB and HAPA in predicting engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours of Iranian individuals. Based on current evidence, interventionists should consider strategies that target change in perceived behavioural control, action and maintenance self-efficacy, and coping planning as these the constructs had the largest direct and indirect effects on COVID-19 preventive behaviour. The current study identified a number of important social psychological determinants of participation in COVID-19 preventive behaviours, particularly forms of self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control, and planning. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rates of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections have rapidly increased worldwide and reached pandemic proportions. A suite of preventive behaviours have been recommended to minimize risk of COVID‐19 infection in the general population. The present study utilized an integrated social cognition model to explain COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in a sample from the Iranian general population. DESIGN: The study adopted a three‐wave prospective correlational design. METHODS: Members of the general public (N = 1,718, M (age) = 33.34, SD = 15.77, male = 796, female = 922) agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed self‐report measures of demographic characteristics, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and action self‐efficacy at an initial data collection occasion. One week later, participants completed self‐report measures of maintenance self‐efficacy, action planning and coping planning, and, a further week later, measures of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Hypothesized relationships among social cognition constructs and COVID‐19 preventive behaviours according to the proposed integrated model were estimated using structural equation modelling. RESULTS: The proposed model fitted the data well according to multiple goodness‐of‐fit criteria. All proposed relationships among model constructs were statistically significant. The social cognition constructs with the largest effects on COVID‐19 preventive behaviours were coping planning (β = .575, p < .001) and action planning (β = .267, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Current findings may inform the development of behavioural interventions in health care contexts by identifying intervention targets. In particular, findings suggest targeting change in coping planning and action planning may be most effective in promoting participation in COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION: What is already known on this subject? Curbing COVID‐19 infections globally is vital to reduce severe cases and deaths in at‐risk groups. Preventive behaviours like handwashing and social distancing can stem contagion of the coronavirus. Identifying modifiable correlates of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours is needed to inform intervention. What does this study add? An integrated model identified predictors of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in Iranian residents. Prominent predictors were intentions, planning, self‐efficacy, and perceived behavioural control. Findings provide insight into potentially modifiable constructs that interventions can target. Research should examine if targeting these factors lead to changes in COVID‐19 behaviours over time. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12465 doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12465 id: cord-279294-ruqednj6 author: Lin, Dong D. title: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City date: 2020-08-14 words: 3235.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279294-ruqednj6.txt summary: [8] [9] [10] The COVID-19 cases started to increase exponentially in New York City in early March, and we witnessed the fear and its impact on both patients with cancer and providers, who started to make recommendations on chemotherapy regimen modifications. The senior author (Y.X.) interviewed each of the five medical oncologists to gather the following information on every patient: cancer type; nature of treatment and status of disease: metastatic, adjuvant or primary treatment; treatment regimen; modification(s) made; who-provider or patient-initiated the modifications; and the reason for not offering modifications, if applicable. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic at a community cancer center in New York City, we wanted to know how often chemotherapy schedules were modified and what the key factors were that influenced the decision-making process. Overall, our study revealed that as many as 56.4% of all patients and approximately 40% of patients taking curative treatments received treatment modifications in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community cancer center. abstract: PURPOSE: As a result of their immunocompromised status associated with disease and treatment, patients with cancer face a profound threat for higher rates of complications and mortality if they contract the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Medical oncology communities have developed treatment modifications to balance the risk of contracting the virus with the benefit of improving cancer-related outcomes. METHODS: We systemically examined our community cancer center database to display patterns of change and to unveil factors that have been considered with each decision. We studied a cohort of 282 patients receiving treatment and found that 159 patients (56.4%) had treatment modifications. RESULTS: The incidence of treatment modification was observed in patients undergoing adjuvant and neoadjuvant (41.4%), palliative (62.9%), or injectable endocrine or bone-modulating only (76.0%) treatments. Modifications were applied to regimens with myelosuppressive (56.5%), immunosuppressive (69.2%), and immunomodulating (61.5%) potentials. These modifications also affected intravenous (54.9%) and subcutaneous injectable treatments (62.5%) more than oral treatments (15.8%). Treatment modifications in 112 patients (70.4%) were recommended by providers, and 47 (29.6%) were initiated by patients. The most common strategy of modification was to skip or postpone a scheduled treatment (49%). Among treatment with no modifications, treatment regimens were maintained in patients who tolerated treatment well (37.0%), in treatments with curative intent (22%), and in symptomatic patients who required treatment (14%). CONCLUSION: Our observation and analysis suggested that the primary goal of treatment modification was to decrease potential exposure. The pattern also reflected the negative impact of the pandemic on health care providers who initiated these changes. Providers have to consider individualized recommendations incorporating multiple factors, such as tolerance, potential toxicity, treatment nature and route, and disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32795196/ doi: 10.1200/go.20.00309 id: cord-278142-xnkqg4ef author: Lin, Fang title: Cobrotoxin could be an effective therapeutic for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 1970.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278142-xnkqg4ef.txt summary: Based on previous studies of cobra venom by the authors and other independent researchers, cobrotoxin, a short-chain αneurotoxin from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV), could be an alternative therapy for COVID-19. In addition, cobrotoxin was shown to attenuate LPSinduced pulmonary edema, decrease the number of hematological CD4 + T cells, inhibit immune cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine excretion in rat acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome [6] . At this time, it is believed that cobrotoxin has the potential to treat patients with COVID-19 or to inhibit SARS-COV-2 infection. 1. Anti-inflammatory activity: NNAV and α-neurotoxins have strong inhibitory effects on inflammation; thus, they could inhibit the cytokine storm caused by SARS-COV2 infection. NNAV also increases the concentration of serum IgG and IgM in mice with dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression, suggesting that NNAV or cobrotoxin could have the potential to restore the immune balance in patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32843715/ doi: 10.1038/s41401-020-00501-7 id: cord-302774-ekw2oxw2 author: Lin, Gary title: Explaining the Bomb-Like Dynamics of COVID-19 with Modeling and the Implications for Policy date: 2020-04-07 words: 4452.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302774-ekw2oxw2.txt summary: Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. Our goal was to estimate the ranges of parameters that would fit the data of the beginning of an outbreak in a country, assuming that initially the effects of distancing and other measures to control the disease are largely absent and thus the data are largely representative of the transmission dynamics but that some proportion of the infected population is not observed. abstract: Using a Bayesian approach to epidemiological compartmental modeling, we demonstrate the bomb-like behavior of exponential growth in COVID-19 cases can be explained by transmission of asymptomatic and mild cases that are typically unreported at the beginning of pandemic events due to lower prevalence of testing. We studied the exponential phase of the pandemic in Italy, Spain, and South Korea, and found the R0 to be 2.56 (95% CrI, 2.41-2.71), 3.23 (95% CrI, 3.06-3.4), and 2.36 (95% CrI, 2.22-2.5) if we use Bayesian priors that assume a large portion of cases are not detected. Weaker priors regarding the detection rate resulted in R0 values of 9.22 (95% CrI, 9.01-9.43), 9.14 (95% CrI, 8.99-9.29), and 8.06 (95% CrI, 7.82-8.3) and assumes nearly 90% of infected patients are identified. Given the mounting evidence that potentially large fractions of the population are asymptomatic, the weaker priors that generate the high R0 values to fit the data required assumptions about the epidemiology of COVID-19 that do not fit with the biology, particularly regarding the timeframe that people remain infectious. Our results suggest that models of transmission assuming a relatively lower R0 value that do not consider a large number of asymptomatic cases can result in misunderstanding of the underlying dynamics, leading to poor policy decisions and outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054338 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054338 id: cord-300300-jqi4ylrx author: Lin, Ray Junhao title: From SARS to COVID‐19: the Singapore journey date: 2020-05-31 words: 2611.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300300-jqi4ylrx.txt summary: The 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak challenged the nation''s public health system and now the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is presenting a greater challenge. This framework serves as the foundation for the national responses to any outbreak and is divided into four levels of incremental severity (green, yellow, orange and red), based on risk assessment of the public health impact of the disease and the current disease situation in Singapore (Box 1). Workers who tested positive were transferred to community isolation facilities if they had mild symptoms, or to the NCID and public hospitals for further treatment and isolation. Health care workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients who developed fever or symptoms of acute respiratory infection were encouraged to declare their symptoms to their superiors and present themselves to the screening centre, to be managed based on their exposure risk (Box 4). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474940/ doi: 10.5694/mja2.50623 id: cord-299144-yprqlgju author: Lin, Shaowei title: Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China date: 2020-08-05 words: 4107.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299144-yprqlgju.txt summary: To evaluate the transmissibility of COVID-19, the basic reproductive ratio (R(0)) was calculated with the maximum likelihood "removal" method, which is based on chain-binomial model, and the association between COVID-19 and air pollutants or meteorological parameters was estimated by correlation analyses. In this study, meteorological factors, such as relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, and air pollutants such as CO and NO 2 were evaluated to determine their regional impact on the transmission of COVID-19. Exposure to air pollutants has been demonstrated to induce pulmonary oxidative stress, leading to Table 3 Correlation analysis between R 0 and meteorological factors in the low, medium and high flow subgroups. Overall, this study has shown that meteorological factors such as relative humidity, air pressure, temperature, and air pollutants such as CO and NO 2 may affect the transmission of COVID-19, differing among various provinces. The effect of meteorological parameters and air pollutants varies in different Chinese provinces and should be considered in future studies on COVID-19 transmissibility. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, with 11,669,259 positive cases and 539,906 deaths globally as of July 8, 2020. The objective of the present study was to determine whether meteorological parameters and air quality affect the transmission of COVID-19, analogous to SARS. We captured data from 29 provinces, including numbers of COVID-19 cases, meteorological parameters, air quality and population flow data, between Jan 21, 2020 and Apr 3, 2020. To evaluate the transmissibility of COVID-19, the basic reproductive ratio (R(0)) was calculated with the maximum likelihood “removal” method, which is based on chain-binomial model, and the association between COVID-19 and air pollutants or meteorological parameters was estimated by correlation analyses. The mean estimated value of R(0) was 1.79 ± 0.31 in 29 provinces, ranging from 1.08 to 2.45. The correlation between R(0) and the mean relative humidity was positive, with coefficient of 0.370. In provinces with high flow, indicators such as carbon monoxide (CO) and 24-h average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO_24 h) were positively correlated with R(0), while nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), 24-h average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)_24 h) and daily maximum temperature were inversely correlated to R(0), with coefficients of 0.644, 0.661, −0.636, −0.657, −0.645, respectively. In provinces with medium flow, only the weather factors were correlated with R(0), including mean/maximum/minimum air pressure and mean wind speed, with coefficients of −0.697, −0.697, −0.697 and −0.841, respectively. There was no correlation with R(0) and meteorological parameters or air pollutants in provinces with low flow. Our findings suggest that higher ambient CO concentration is a risk factor for increased transmissibility of the novel coronavirus, while higher temperature and air pressure, and efficient ventilation reduce its transmissibility. The effect of meteorological parameters and air pollutants varies in different regions, and requires that these issues be considered in future modeling disease transmissibility. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111035 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111035 id: cord-288720-bd86zswo author: Lin, Sheng title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 161 discharged cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Shanghai, China date: 2020-10-20 words: 3306.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288720-bd86zswo.txt summary: The time from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after the Shanghai''s first-level public health emergency response. In Cox regression model, the significant independent covariates for the duration of hospitalization were age, the time from onset to admission and the first-level public health emergency response. However, at present, the impact of first-level public health emergency response on the epidemic of COVID-19 was not estimated and information regarding the epidemiology and clinical features of discharged COVID-19 cases is scarce [9] [10] [11] [12] . Time intervals from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after Shanghai''s first-level public health emergency response. Time intervals from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after Shanghai''s first-level public health emergency response. abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread to other regions. We aimed to further describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of discharged COVID-19 cases and evaluate the public health interventions. METHODS: We collected epidemiological and clinical data of all discharged COVID-19 cases as of 17 February 2020 in Shanghai. The key epidemiological distributions were estimated and outcomes were also compared between patients whose illness were before 24 January and those whose illness were after 24 January. RESULTS: Of 161 discharged COVID-19 cases, the median age was 45 years, and 80 (49.7%) cases were male. All of the cases were categorized as clinical moderate type. The most common initial symptoms were fever (85.7%), cough (41.0%), fatigue (19.3%), muscle ache (17.4%), sputum production (14.9%), and there were six asymptomatic cases. 39 (24.2%) cases got infected in Shanghai, and three of them were second-generation cases of Shanghai native cases. The estimated median of the time from onset to first medical visit, admission, disease confirmation, and discharge for 161 cases was 1.0 day (95% CI, 0.6–1.2), 2.0 days (95% CI, 1.5–2.6), 5.2 days (95% CI, 4.6–5.7), 18.1 days (95% CI, 17.4–18.8), respectively. The estimated median of the time from admission to discharge was 14.0 days (95% CI, 13.3–14.6). The time from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after the Shanghai’s first-level public health emergency response. In Cox regression model, the significant independent covariates for the duration of hospitalization were age, the time from onset to admission and the first-level public health emergency response. CONCLUSIONS: Local transmission had occurred in Shanghai in late January 2020. The estimated median of the time from onset to discharge of moderate COVID-19 was 18.1 days in Shanghai. Time intervals from onset to first medical visit, admission and disease confirmation were all shortened after the Shanghai’s first-level public health emergency response. Age, the first-level public health emergency response and the time from onset to admission were the impact factors for the duration of hospitalization. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33081711/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05493-7 id: cord-326805-c5co9cfq author: Lin, Shi-hui title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-06-29 words: 1361.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326805-c5co9cfq.txt summary: title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Cytokine Storms, Hyper-Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cytokine storms are a pathophysiological feature of COVID-19 and play an important role in distinguishing hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of ARDS. Furthermore, we discuss inflammation-related indicators that have the potential to identify hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of COVID-19, especially for those with a high risk of ARDS. [12, 27] Furthermore, other observational COVID-19 studies have suggested that cytokine 4 storms (comprised of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, and IL-8) may be associated with disease severity.[7, 12, 5 28] For example, higher concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), IP10, 6 MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF-α were found in patients who required admission into an intensive care 7 unit (ICU). In COVID-19, there is also suggestive evidence of hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of ARDS. Circulating IL-1ra and 42 IL-10 levels are increased but do not predict the development of acute respiratory distress 43 syndrome in at-risk patients abstract: Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in China at the end of 2019. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the most common and serious complication of COVID-19. Cytokine storms are a pathophysiological feature of COVID-19 and play an important role in distinguishing hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of ARDS. Accordingly, in this review, we focus on hyper-inflammatory host responses in ARDS that play a critical role in the differentiated development of COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss inflammation-related indicators that have the potential to identify hyper-inflammatory subphenotypes of COVID-19, especially for those with a high risk of ARDS. Finally, we explore the possibility of improving the quality of monitoring and treatment of COVID-19 patients and in reducing the incidence of critical illness and mortality via better distinguishing hyper- and hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837983/ doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.009 id: cord-345908-66lku5c2 author: Lin, Y. title: Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 words: 2898.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345908-66lku5c2.txt summary: title: Ultra-High-Resolution CT Follow-Up in Patients with Imported Early-Stage Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Related Pneumonia Purpose: We aim to investigate the ultra-high-resolution CT (UHR-CT) findings of imported COVID-19 related pneumonia from the initial diagnosis to early-phase follow-up. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint UHR-CT images of all cases were assessed for the following abnormalities (1) affected lobes; (2) distribution (peribronchovascular, peripleural and scattered/diffuse); (3) margin (sharp or indistinct); (4) specific signs (air bronchogram, intralobular interstitial thickening and/or interlobular septal thickening, intralesional vasodilatation, pleural retraction/thickening, and pleural effusion). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint A total of 11 patients (3 males and 8 females, median age 53 years, range 32-74 years) with rRT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 related pneumonia were enrolled in the study (Table 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 doi: medRxiv preprint this study, UHR-CT provided visualized details about the radiological pattern of imported early-stage COVID-19 related pneumonia. abstract: Background: An ongoing outbreak of mystery pneumonia in Wuhan was caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The infectious disease has spread globally and become a major threat to public health. Purpose: We aim to investigate the ultra-high-resolution CT (UHR-CT) findings of imported COVID-19 related pneumonia from the initial diagnosis to early-phase follow-up. Methods: This retrospective study included confirmed cases with early-stage COVID-19 related pneumonia imported from the epicenter. Initial and early-phase follow-up UHR-CT scans (within 5 days) were reviewed for characterizing the radiological findings. The normalized total volumes of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidations were calculated and compared during the radiological follow-up by artificial-intelligence-based methods. Results: Eleven patients (3 males and 8 females, aged 32-74 years) with confirmed COVID-19 were evaluated. Subpleural GGOs with inter/intralobular septal thickening were typical imaging findings. Other diagnostic CT features included distinct margins (8/11, 73%), pleural retraction or thickening (7/11, 64%), intralesional vasodilatation (6/11, 55%). Normalized volumes of pulmonary GGOs (p=0.003) and consolidations (p=0.003) significantly increased during the CT follow-up. Conclusions: The abnormalities of GGOs with peripleural distribution, consolidated areas, septal thickening, pleural involvement and intralesional vasodilatation on UHR-CT indicate the diagnosis of COVID-19. COVID-19 cases could manifest significantly progressed GGOs and consolidations with increased volume during the early-phase CT follow-up. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.31.20048256v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048256 id: cord-291709-x9llke60 author: Lin, Yulan title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown date: 2020-09-22 words: 2572.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt summary: title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting a great challenge to the mental wellness of the people 56 in China, especially in Wuhan which was placed under strict lockdown(9).Likewise, the 57 pandemic also causes unprecedented mental health burden in the United States(10), United outbreak revealed that more than half of the public rated the psychological impact as 61 moderate to severe (15). The survey consisted of three sections, which 95 assessed i) demographic background, ii) barriers to prevention measures, iii) negative attitude 96 toward COVID-19, and iv) anxiety levels. abstract: BACKGROUND: Wuhan, the epicentre of the coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak, has been locked down on January 23, 2020. We aimed to investigate the barriers to the physical prevention, negative attitudes and anxiety levels. METHODS: A online cross-sectional survey was conducted with the people living in Wuhan between March 12th and 23rd, 2020. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,411 complete responses, the mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total physical prevention barriers score was 19.73 (SD ± 5.3; range 12−45) out of a possible score of 48. Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). Comparing anxiety levels in the early phase of the outbreak and after the peak of the outbreak, 58.5% (95%CI 56.5−60.5) recorded a decreased anxiety. Females reported a higher likelihood to have decreased levels of anxiety than males (OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.48−2.14). Low negative attitudes score were associated with a higher decrease in anxiety (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.33−1.89). CONCLUSIONS: The attitudinal barriers to prevention of transmission of COVID-19 are more prominent than physical prevention barriers after the peak of COVID-19. High anxiety levels even after the peak warrant serious attention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183846/ doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.09.005 id: cord-352156-sa8cvyuw author: Lindeman, Robbert-Jan title: Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries date: 2020-05-06 words: 1834.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352156-sa8cvyuw.txt summary: title: Preventing spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preparing for the COVID-19 outbreak in the surgical department: perspectives from two Scandinavian countries In both countries, the first weeks of preparation has seen a strong reduction in elective surgery, with several implemented principles to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread and prepare for surgical care for COVID-19 diseases as needed. Norway, that initially started with aggressive testing of subjects with symptoms or returning from high-endemic areas in order to get control over the spread pattern and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, needed to restrict its activity later in March. An early effect of the initially suboptimal test routines for healthcare workers (HCW) was experienced in Norway, when one HCW returning from central Europe, was confirmed positive to SARS-CoV-2 only after having spent several days at work on the advice from the hospital. The acute threat of the COVID-19 epidemic to global healthcare has led to forced reorganization of surgical care in Norway and Sweden. abstract: A COVID-19 pandemic was declared on March 11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). The first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on January 31 in Sweden and on February 26 in Norway. Despite being similar countries with universal healthcare systems, the governmental approaches to mitigation of the epidemic have varied considerably. Norway initiated a societal lockdown effective from March 12, the same day as the first confirmed death. Sweden has initiated a more laxed and gradual strategy based on the appeal for a strong personal sense of responsibility to mitigate the viral spread. In both countries, the first weeks of preparation has seen a strong reduction in elective surgery, with several implemented principles to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread and prepare for surgical care for COVID-19 diseases as needed. This invited leading article gives a brief overview of some of the early experiences of the outbreak in two Scandinavian countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395226/ doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa131 id: cord-340728-8jvg3sir author: Lindsay, Karen J. title: Invited editorial from the social media editor of JPRAS; Leadership in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 2315.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340728-8jvg3sir.txt summary: Rapidly adopting and up scaling available IT solutions as well as reflexive changes in data protection standards allowed healthcare systems to do what was right in service of patients and staff within very short timeframes. Advanced problem solving and project management skills gained during academic research experience, leadership development, and other facets of personal and professional development beyond solely clinical work translate well to other spheres, and may act to equip the profession for crisis management. Lobbying and ensuring that the priorities set for recovery of services include those clinical problems unique to the plastic surgery patient population will be a key aspect in navigating our path out of the pandemic. 19 Recent focus on personal health and wellbeing, developing co-created, patient-centred care models, and delivering effective training and continued professional development via remote platforms has demonstrated the value of flexible and collaborative leadership at all levels. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748681520303041 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.07.001 id: cord-332373-yqcysn27 author: Lingamaneni, Prasanth title: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 1878.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332373-yqcysn27.txt summary: HIT antibody testing (anti-PF4/heparin antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was sent, which returned positive with an optical density (OD) of 1.243 units. We encountered 4 additional patients admitted to our ICU with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 infection with thrombocytopenia, and an intermediate to high pretest probability for HIT. 6 In those with intermediate or high pretest probability, testing for the presence of HIT antibodies should be done, by using immunoassays or platelet activation assays. 13 Liu et al 14 suggested that anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies are induced in critical COVID-19 patients, resulting in HIT. Our 4 additional patients with COVID-19 were positive for anti-heparin PF4 antibodies. As most patients with COVID-19 receive prophylactic heparin, and those with severe disease are likely to develop venous thromboembolism and thrombocytopenia, unrelated to HIT, there could be an even greater potential for overdiagnosis of HIT. abstract: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) infection is a highly prothrombotic state, resulting from a dysregulation of the coagulation cascade. Therefore, thromboprophylaxis is strongly recommended in these patients, with some experts even advocating for therapeutic dosing to prevent thromboembolic events. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a well-known complication of heparin therapy. In this article, we report a case of HIT in a patient with COVID-19. A 63-year-old male presented with 1 week of dry cough and diarrhea. He had a positive nasopharyngeal COVID-19 reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. On admission, the platelet count and liver function tests were within normal limits. During his hospitalization, he developed a right femoral deep venous thrombosis and was started on therapeutic anticoagulation. Due to worsening respiratory failure, he was intubated and mechanically ventilated. Between days 11 and 12 of hospitalization, platelet count dropped from 304 000 to 96 000 cells/µL. He had a high pretest probability for HIT with a 4T score of 6 and a positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody. Heparin drip was discontinued and was switched to argatroban. The serotonin release assay eventually returned positive, which confirmed the diagnosis of HIT. We also discuss potential overdiagnosis of HIT in COVID-19 through 4 cases with false-positive HIT antibodies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720827/ doi: 10.1177/2324709620944091 id: cord-269130-zsem29ss author: Lingappan, K. title: Understanding the age divide in COVID-19: why are children overwhelmingly spared? date: 2020-07-01 words: 3121.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269130-zsem29ss.txt summary: The differences in the clinical course are highlighted by the lack of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond mild symptoms in a majority of children, whereas in adults the disease progresses to acute lung injury and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like phenotype with high mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to decreased lung injury in children may involve the decreased expression of the mediators necessary for viral entry into the respiratory epithelium and differences in the immune system responses in children. On the other hand, the heightened immune response to the virus in many adult patients can lead to the worsening of lung disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection (37) . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice abstract: The rapid emergence and subsequent global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has resulted in over 4 million cases worldwide. The disease has a marked predilection for adults, and children are relatively spared. Understanding the age-based differences in pathophysiological pathways and processes relevant to the onset and progression of disease both in the clinical course and in experimental disease models may hold the key to the identification of therapeutic targets. The differences in the clinical course are highlighted by the lack of progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond mild symptoms in a majority of children, whereas in adults the disease progresses to acute lung injury and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like phenotype with high mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to decreased lung injury in children may involve the decreased expression of the mediators necessary for viral entry into the respiratory epithelium and differences in the immune system responses in children. Specifically, decreased expression of proteins, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the airway epithelium in children may prevent viral entry. The immune system differences may include a relative preponderance of CD4(+) T cells, decreased neutrophil infiltration, decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased production of immunomodulatory cytokines in children compared with adults. Notably, the developing lung in children may have a greater capacity to recover and repair after viral infection. Understanding the relative contributions of the above processes to the protective phenotype in the developing lung can guide the trial of the appropriate therapies in adults. url: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00183.2020 doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00183.2020 id: cord-027543-fp1pib0y author: Link, Hartmut title: Müssen wir die Supportivtherapie bei Krebspatienten anpassen? date: 2020-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307646/ doi: 10.1007/s15015-020-2437-8 id: cord-320447-nq9f1gmu author: Lins, Muriel title: Assessment of small pulmonary blood vessels in COVID-19 patients using HRCT date: 2020-07-25 words: 2811.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320447-nq9f1gmu.txt summary: Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, COVID-19 patients showed significant reduction in BV5 (pulmonary blood volume contained in blood vessels of <5 mm(2)) expressed as BV5/(Total pulmonary blood volume) (p<0.0001), and significant increases in BV5-10 and BV 10 (pulmonary blood volumes contained in vessels between 5 and 10 mm(2) and above 10 mm(2), respectively) (p<0.0001). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients display striking anomalies in the distribution of blood volume within the pulmonary vascular tree, consistent with increased pulmonary vasculature resistance in the pulmonary vessels below the resolution of CT. These results suggest that while the pathological changes to the pulmonary vasculature implicated in pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), collectively termed "pulmonary vascular remodeling", occur primarily below the resolution of CT scans, those processes do have a measurable effect on larger, more proximal vessels. In this study we assessed the use of novel CT-derived measures of pulmonary blood volume and pulmonary vascular density in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Background: Mounting evidence supports the role of pulmonary hemodynamic alternations in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Previous studies have demonstrated that changes in pulmonary blood volumes measured on CT are associated with histopathological markers of pulmonary vascular pruning, suggesting that quantitative CT analysis may eventually be useful in the assessment pulmonary vascular dysfunction more broadly. Methods: Building upon previous work, automated quantitative CT measures of small blood vessel volume and pulmonary vascular density were developed. Scans from 103 COVID-19 patients and 107 healthy volunteers were analyzed and their results compared, with comparisons made both on lobar and global levels. Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, COVID-19 patients showed significant reduction in BV5 (pulmonary blood volume contained in blood vessels of <5 mm(2)) expressed as BV5/(Total pulmonary blood volume) (p<0.0001), and significant increases in BV5-10 and BV 10 (pulmonary blood volumes contained in vessels between 5 and 10 mm(2) and above 10 mm(2), respectively) (p<0.0001). These changes were consistent across lobes. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients display striking anomalies in the distribution of blood volume within the pulmonary vascular tree, consistent with increased pulmonary vasculature resistance in the pulmonary vessels below the resolution of CT. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1076633220304426?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.019 id: cord-313700-enivzp1f author: Lio, Chon Fu title: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China date: 2020-06-19 words: 3107.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313700-enivzp1f.txt summary: title: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China A further survey of comparison of personal preventive measures before and during disease outbreak showed increased alert and practice of personal protection and hygiene during the spread (Table 3) , such as wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001), wearing a mask every time when contact or talk with people (10% and 95%, P < 0.001), often wash hands with soap/liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031), use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers or disinfected wipes as substitute if handwashing facility not available (71.4% and 95.2%, P = 0.006), cleaning clothes and personal belongings immediately once get back home (35.7% and 78.6%, P < 0.001), cleaning mobile phone regularly (43.9% and 65.9%, P = 0.012). Good personal hygiene and adequate preventive measures such as less gathering, frequent handwashing, in addition to wearing a mask outdoor, were common grounds among 42 uninfected participants during the stay in Hubei province under COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a “lockdown” policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. RESULTS: A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001) and often wash hands with soap or liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031). url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9428 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9428 id: cord-257076-uh98ilhr author: Lionis, Christos title: Challenges, priorities and tasks for the generalists at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-17 words: 656.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257076-uh98ilhr.txt summary: Most reports in the evidence base, including for observational studies conducted for COVID-19, utilise this term in reference to the frequency of co-existing chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of Primary Care and Family Medicine to coordinate and support surveillance, including through community-based monitoring, has been discussed; however, concerted efforts are needed to improve the design and conduct of prevalence studies. The extend of the COVID-19 pandemic has decidedly demonstrated that the only way to monitor the pandemic effectively is to optimise the integration of public health and primary care. Updating existing curricula to enhance the capacity of generalists with motivational interviewing and compassionate care skills should extend to self-compassion and self-protection, for a sustainable health workforce to increase the resilience of healthcare systems and communities alike. Towards evidenceinformed integration of public health and primary health care: experiences from Crete. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674618/ doi: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1791073 id: cord-256326-3ebcuzd6 author: Liotta, Giuseppe title: Is social connectedness a risk factor for the spreading of COVID-19 among older adults? The Italian paradox date: 2020-05-21 words: 2364.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256326-3ebcuzd6.txt summary: We analyzed several variables to test this hypothesis, such as the percentage of infected patients aged >80 years, available nursing home beds, COVID-19 incidence rate, and the number of days from when the number of positive tests exceeded 50 (epidemic maturity). While there is a very clear association between the case fatality rate and age demographics (Italy has the second oldest population worldwide and has the highest ageing index in Europe [4] with a value of 168.9), we wanted to test the hypothesis that the supposed closeness between younger and older generations in Italian families may have played a major role in the pandemic spread. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the proportion of infected patients aged >80 years and social connectedness indicators, such as the percentage of family comprising one members and household size [5] . abstract: Italy was one of the first European countries affected by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, with over 105,000 infected people and close to 13,000 deaths, until March 31(st). The pandemic has hit especially hard because of the country's demographic structure, with a high percentage of older adults. The authors explore the possibility, recently aired in some studies, of extensive intergenerational contact as a possible determinant of the severity of the pandemic among the older Italian adults. We analyzed several variables to test this hypothesis, such as the percentage of infected patients aged >80 years, available nursing home beds, COVID-19 incidence rate, and the number of days from when the number of positive tests exceeded 50 (epidemic maturity). We also included in the analysis mean household size and percentage of households comprising one person, in the region. Paradoxically, the results are opposite of what was previously reported. The pandemic was more severe in regions with higher family fragmentation and increased availability of residential health facilities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437377/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233329 id: cord-304013-nzigx0k0 author: Lipinski, Tom title: Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings date: 2020-09-13 words: 12834.0 sentences: 557.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt summary: This paper will discuss the factors affecting air particle properties in-terms of flow dynamics and critically analyse current ventilation strategies and mechanisms and identify areas for improvement in the search for the reduction of indoor infections. The study by the University of Oregon [54, 58] observed that Natural Ventilation with a plentiful supply of fresh air dilutes and removes contaminated air much more effectively than fan driven, recirculated air movement, significantly reducing the risk of infection, as shown in Figure 17 . Displacement ventilation with a generously sized natural inlet is preferred as it can move stale, contaminated air directly to the exhaust of the room in a laminar fashion whilst the concentration of small droplets and airborne particles in the indoor air is significantly reduced. abstract: An unforeseen pandemic is facing the world caused by a corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. Numerous measures are being put in place to try and reduce the spread of this deadly disease, with the most effective response to the outbreak being mass quarantines, a public health technique borrowed from the Middle Ages. The widely accepted main transmission mechanism is through droplet borne pathways. However, many researchers and studies are considering that this virus can also spread via the airborne route and remain for up to three hours in the air. This is leading to questions as to whether enough is being done regarding ventilation to reduce the risk of the spread of this or other diseases that may be air borne. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are the main focus when it comes to the transmission of such deadly pathogens and should be appropriately designed and operated. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the current ventilation strategies used in buildings to assess the state of the art and elaborates if there is room for further development, especially for high occupancy buildings, to reduce or eradicate the risk of pathogen transmission and adapt ventilation measures to new threats posed by pandemics. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S266620272030032X doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100045 id: cord-270116-r2rnnsfh author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-11 words: 4742.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270116-r2rnnsfh.txt summary: As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized especially by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Recent studies have also been published on the possibility to use rapid reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection, but additional evidence is needed at this point in time for validating their routine usage in COVID-19 diagnostics (38, 39) . As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. abstract: Laboratory medicine provides an almost irreplaceable contribution to the diagnostic reasoning and managed care of most human pathologies. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not an exception to this paradigm. Although the relatively recent emergence does not allow to draw definitive conclusions on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics, some standpoints can be conveyed. First and foremost, it seems now clear that we will be living together with this virus for quite a long time, so that our vigilance and responsiveness against the emergence of new local outbreaks shall be maintained at the highest possible levels. The etiological diagnosis of COVID-19 is, and will remain for the foreseeable future, deeply based on direct identification of viral RNA by means of molecular biology techniques in biological materials, especially upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. Whether other materials, such as blood, urine, stools, saliva and throat washing, will become valid alternatives has not been unequivocally defined so far. As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized especially by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Whether these antibodies will have persistent neutralizing activity against the virus is still to be elucidated on individual and general basis. The availability of rapid tests for detecting either viral antigens or anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are a potentially viable opportunity for purposes of epidemiologic surveillance, though more information is needed on accuracy and reliability of these portable immunoassays. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420937/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9548 id: cord-283909-xwy3rm3f author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-21 words: 570.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283909-xwy3rm3f.txt summary: title: Eosinophil count in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) All articles were accurately screened by the two authors, and those reporting data on the eosinophil count in patients with or without severe form of COVID-19 were included in a pooled analysis. A pooled analysis was then carried out, with calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of eosinophil count in patients with or without the severe form of COVID-19. Two additional studies were found from the reference list of the previously identified documents, such that a final https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/qjm total of 4 articles were included. 1,3-5 However, one of these studies was excluded as it failed to provide necessary values for calculating the WMD (i.e., the eosinophil count was below the limit of measurement in both cohort of patients with and without severe COVID-19). 5 Overall, the three remaining studies included 294 patients, 75 of whom (25.5%) with severe COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32315429/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa137 id: cord-293838-avri3xuc author: Lippi, Giuseppe title: Association between environmental pollution and prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy date: 2020-04-27 words: 1352.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293838-avri3xuc.txt summary: The adjusted correlation between the number of days in which environmental pollutants exceeded established limits and the overall number of COVID-19 cases reveals the existence of a highly significant positive association (r=0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79; p<0.001). 1101 /2020 association between local environmental pollution and number of positive COVID-19 cases officially reported by the Italian Ministry of Health was then analyzed by considering the number of days per year during which the limits of PM10 and ozone had been exceeded as both a continuous (i.e., using linear regression analysis and Pearson''s correlation) and categorical (i.e., by calculation of the odds ratio; OR) variable. The adjusted correlation between the number of days in which environmental pollutants exceeded established limits and the overall number of COVID-19 cases as recorded by the Italian Ministry of Health is shown in Figure 1a , which reveals the existence of a highly significant positive association (r=0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79; p<0.001). abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been upgraded to a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to the alarming levels of spread and severity. Since several lines of evidence also attest that Lombardy region has an extraordinarily high level of environmental pollution, we aimed to explore the potential epidemiological association between the number of cases of COVID-19 and environmental pollution in Italy. Data on environmental pollution in Italy were retrieved from the 2019 annual report of the organization Legambiente (League for the Ambient). The adjusted correlation between the number of days in which environmental pollutants exceeded established limits and the overall number of COVID-19 cases reveals the existence of a highly significant positive association (r=0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79; p<0.001). The association remained statistically significant even when the number of days above pollutant limits was correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases per 1000 inhabitants (r=0.43; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62; p=0.001). Living in a province with over 100 days per year in which environmental pollutants were exceeded was found to be associated with a nearly 3-fold higher risk of being positive for COVID-19 (0.014 vs. 0.005 COVID-19 cases per 1000 inhabitants; OR, 2.96; 95% 2.12-4.13; p<0.001). Reinforced restrictive measures shall be considered in areas with higher air pollution, where the virus is more likely to find a fertile biological or environmental setting. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20075986v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075986 id: cord-267612-1h7xpkbe author: Lipsker, Dan title: A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? date: 2020-06-06 words: 516.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267612-1h7xpkbe.txt summary: Dan Lipsker 1,2 , MD, PhD Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, "epidemics" of chilblains or chilblain-like acral lesions have been reported in the social media, the general press and the medical literature in Italy, Spain, the UK and France (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) . The great majority of the cases we observed and those reported in the literature share the following common features: -lesions were of sudden onset in young patients without a previous history of chilblains in most of them and they were not necessarily triggered by exposure to cold; -those young patients were otherwise asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic and only a few had mild clinical signs compatible with COVID-19; -none of them had pneumonia or severe manifestations of COVID-19; -clinical signs of COVID-19 or contact with infected persons occurred a few days to one month before chilblains; -SARS-CoV-2 infection could be demonstrated by nasopharyngeal swab or by serology only in very limited number of patients. I therefore hypothesize that in a few genetically predisposed individuals the contact with SARS-CoV-2 triggers a strong interferon response, of which chilblain are the cutaneous expression. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720313414?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109959 id: cord-256233-k9hdq3z8 author: Lipsky, Martin S. title: Men and COVID-19: A Pathophysiologic Review date: 2020-09-16 words: 4620.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256233-k9hdq3z8.txt summary: The plausible theories underlying these observations include sex-related differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, immune function, hormones, habits, and coinfection rates.In this review we examine these factors and explore the rationale as to how each may impact COVID-19. Epidemiological evidence from influenza outbreaks and pandemics also reveals a higher morbidity and mortality for menthan that for women in some age groups (Klein et al., 2012) .In animal studies, male animals have poorer immune responses when exposed to the coronavirus and experience more damage to their lungs (Vermillion et al., 2018) .For both SARS and the MERS coronavirus outbreaks, men fared worse than women did. A recent German study found that that critically ill male COVID-19 patients suffer from severe testosterone and dihydrotestosterone deficiencies and concluded that androgens are required to mount a strong antiviral immune response to combat infection in men (Schroeder et al., 2020) . abstract: Coronaviruses are single-stranded ribonucleic acid viruses that can cause illnesses in humans ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and even death.In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the first pandemic. Compared to women, most countries with available data report that men with COVID-19 have greater disease severity and higher mortality. Lab and animal data indicate that men respond differently to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering possible explanations for the epidemiologic observations. The plausible theories underlying these observations include sex-related differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, immune function, hormones, habits, and coinfection rates.In this review we examine these factors and explore the rationale as to how each may impact COVID-19. Understanding why men are more likely to experience severe disease can help in developing effective treatments, public health policies, and targeted strategies such as early recognition and aggressive testing in subgroups. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320954021 doi: 10.1177/1557988320954021 id: cord-271174-886xc1n3 author: Lipworth, Brian title: Weathering the Cytokine Storm in Susceptible Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-04-18 words: 2344.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271174-886xc1n3.txt summary: High-risk patients requiring hospitalization for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are those over 60 years old, males, obese, smokers, and those with common comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic lung disease. The cytokine cascade resulting from acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, with downstream IL-6 activation considered to be a hallmark feature in terms of progression of COVID-19 pneumonia to hyperinflammation and ARDS. Also shown are the putative mechanisms of action for bromhexine and hydroxychloroquine in attenuating upstream SARS-CoV-2 tissue binding, the effect of antivirals on replication, azithromycin as an antiviral and immunomudulator, nonspecific cytokine suppression by corticosteroids, together with the selective downstream effect of IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab or sarilumab and effects of anti-TNF and interferon beta-1-a. Patients with eosinophilic asthma and COPD should continue to use ICS-containing therapy to maintain optimal control and protect against viral insults including SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820303652 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.014 id: cord-320625-ggx33mpt author: Lipworth, Brian title: Use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and coronavirus disease 2019: Keep calm and carry on date: 2020-07-01 words: 1162.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320625-ggx33mpt.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has inevitably focused attention on whether ICS could predispose to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, especially in older, male, obese, smokers with comorbidities including chronic lung diseases who are susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection and worse outcomes. In addition, it has been found that in sputum cells from 330 asthma patients, the use of ICS was associated with reduced gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2, both of which are pivotal membrane bound receptors involved in the host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Randomized controlled trials may also be warranted in patients who do not have asthma to confirm whether secondary prevention with ICS including ciclesonide or mometasone can prevent progression of early COVID-19 infection in susceptible older patients with comorbidities. Meanwhile, for patients with asthma, the current guidance is to continue taking their ICS containing controller therapy because it may confer optimal protection against viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 and may also prevent eosinophilic related exacerbations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32585180/ doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.06.026 id: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author: Lisco, Giuseppe title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 words: 7901.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt summary: This concern has been further confirmed by the results of a cohort study among 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, hence defining DM as a potentially harmful comorbidity predisposing to worse clinical course or death once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred [49] . Different hypothesis should be considered for explaining this clinical phenomenon, including glucose control at baseline and during the infection course, pathophysiology and immune system response in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with T2D, diabetes-related comorbidities and concomitant medications. In conclusion, diabetic patients especially elderly individuals and those with worse baseline glucose control may exhibit immune system dysregulation that predispose them to a less effective response against SARS-CoV-2 and to a dysfunctional inflammation that requires to be carefully monitored in confirmed cases of COVID-19, for preventing or avoiding a harmful progression of the disease. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease. abstract: PURPOSE: Epidemiological data suggest that comorbid patients, mostly those with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are predisposed to poor prognosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to serious healthcare concerns. The aim of the present manuscript is to review the main relevant mechanisms possibly contributing to worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 in T2D. RESULTS: Poor glucose control, high glycaemic variability and diabetes-related comorbidities at baseline, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity, contribute in worsening the prognosis in the above-mentioned cluster of patients. Moreover, both a lower efficient innate immune system response and cytokine dysregulation predispose patients with T2D to impaired viral clearance and more serious pulmonary and systemic inflammation once the SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Inconclusive data are currently available for specifically indicate or contraindicate concurrent medications for managing T2D and its comorbidities in infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: T2D individuals should be considered as more vulnerable to COVID-19 than general population, and thus require adequate advices about hygienic tips to protect themselves during the pandemic. A careful management of glucose levels and diabetes-related comorbidities remains essential for avoiding further complications, and patient monitoring during the pandemic should be performed also at distance by means of telemedicine. Further studies are needed to clarify whether medications normally used for managing T2D and its associated comorbidities could have a protective or detrimental effect on COVID-19 clinical course. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 id: cord-345371-pjbviagq author: Lisi, Lucia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 words: 10648.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt summary: The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the recently published literature on the pharmacological treatments used so far and/or undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, with focus on the biochemical mechanisms of action of repurposed or investigational drugs, classified as agents directly targeting the virus ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ) and those used to treat the respiratory distress and inflammation associated with the cytokine release syndrome ( Figure 2 and Table 2 ). abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. As of July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 14 million people and provoked more than 590,000 deaths, worldwide. From the beginning, a variety of pharmacological treatments has been empirically used to cope with the life-threatening complications associated with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus far, only a couple of them and not consistently across reports have been shown to further decrease mortality, respect to what can be achieved with supportive care. In most cases, and due to the urgency imposed by the number and severity of the patients’ clinical conditions, the choice of treatment has been limited to repurposed drugs, approved for other indications, or investigational agents used for other viral infections often rendered available on a compassionate-use basis. The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. In several months, an exceptionally large number of clinical trials have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-COVID-19 therapies in different clinical settings (treatment or pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis) and levels of disease severity, but only few of them have been completed so far. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of action that have provided the scientific rationale for the empirical use and evaluation in clinical trials of structurally different and often functionally unrelated drugs during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710969/ doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114169 id: cord-274517-9lewc581 author: Litchman, Graham H. title: The Immediate Impact of COVID-19 on US Dermatology Practices date: 2020-05-16 words: 668.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274517-9lewc581.txt summary: 2 The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of 33 the initial impact of COVID-19 on US dermatology outpatient care. Although by 3/16 there were only 24.6k cases 45 nationally 3 , the early-phase decrease in patient volume and office days suggests the magnitude of 46 disease concern impact was greater than actual prevalence. 66.3% of respondents estimated a >50% 48 decrease in patient volume in the coming 2 weeks (18.9% completely closing practices). 50 A greater negative impact was found in US "hotspot" regions 4 (36% of respondentsFigure S1 ) for week 51 3/16-20 for practice days (3.0 hotspots vs. No significant differing telemedicine usage (39.5% hotspots vs 37.2% non-hotspots) or 53 overall for the next 2 weeks was 37.8%. Our findings demonstrate the significant early impact of COVID-19 on US dermatologic care and can help 66 better understand national trends. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.048 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.048 id: cord-272958-0jw75vsm author: Liu, Ai-Ling title: COVID-19 with asthma: A case report date: 2020-08-06 words: 2184.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272958-0jw75vsm.txt summary: Underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect progression, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with confirmed COVID-19 combined with asthma. CONCLUSION: This case indicates the dynamic clinical characteristics, laboratory and computed tomography findings and adjustment of treatment, and the possible relationship between glucocorticoid therapy and coronavirus clearance. The existence of underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, with long-term drug treatment, may affect the progress, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. The patient''s condition gradually worsened with repeated fever, chest distress, wheezing (3.5 × 10 9 /L-9.5 × 10 9 /L); B: Neutrophil rate (45%-77%); C: Lymphocyte count (0.8 × 10 9 /L-4 × 10 9 /L); D: Eosinophil count (0.05 × 10 9 /L -0.5 × 10 9 /L); E: Platelet count (125 × 10 9 /L-350 × 10 9 /L); F: C-reactive protein The existence of underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect the progress, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19 [12] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. The global population lacks immunity to COVID-19 and is generally susceptible. Underlying conditions, especially chronic respiratory diseases, may affect progression, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with confirmed COVID-19 combined with asthma. It took 41 d from disease onset to discharge to obtain two negative tests for this coronavirus. CONCLUSION: This case indicates the dynamic clinical characteristics, laboratory and computed tomography findings and adjustment of treatment, and the possible relationship between glucocorticoid therapy and coronavirus clearance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874993/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3355 id: cord-292892-6gwnhkn4 author: Liu, Bingwen title: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? date: 2020-04-10 words: 2708.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292892-6gwnhkn4.txt summary: title: Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? Although clinical data of IL-6 blockade in virus 162 infection-related CRS are unavailable, animal studies of SARS-CoV have 163 demonstrated that inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor 164 of IL-6, or infecting animals with SARS-CoV lacking the coronavirus envelope (E) 165 protein, a strong stimulus to NF-κB signaling, increased animal survival, with reduced 166 IL-6 levels [38] . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice FDA Approval Summary: Tocilizumab for Treatment of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Induced Severe or Life-Threatening Cytokine Release Syndrome Tocilizumab for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome Successful treatment of severe paediatric rheumatic disease-associated macrophage activation syndrome with interleukin-1 inhibition following conventional immunosuppressive therapy: case series with 12 patients abstract: Abstract The emergent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. However, the efficacy of corticosteroids, commonly utilized antiinflammatory agents, to treat COVID-19-induced CRS is controversial. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat COVID-19-induced CRS. Here, we discuss the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-induced CRS, compare the CRS in COVID-19 with that in SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and summarize the existing therapies for CRS. We propose to utilize interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade to manage COVID-19-induced CRS and discuss several factors that should be taken into consideration for its clinical application. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102452 id: cord-343818-pj1oludh author: Liu, Chan title: Children with COVID-19 behaving milder may challenge the public policies: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-01 words: 4850.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343818-pj1oludh.txt summary: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases for studies presenting characteristics of children confirmed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from December 12, 2019 to May 10, 2020. The studies included in this meta-analysis should meet the following criteria: (1) all types of studies either retrospective or prospective (e.g. cohort, cross-sectional study, case report, case series); (2) studies reporting information regarding COVID-19; (3) studies describing clinical characteristics of pediatric patients (0-19 years) diagnosed by RT-PCR; (4) clinical data of more than five cases can be drawn from the articles. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children aged <18 years in Jiangxi, China: an analysis of 23 cases abstract: BACKGROUND: The emerging virus is rampaging globally. A growing number of pediatric infected cases have been reported. Great efforts are needed to cut down the transmission. METHODS: A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and several Chinese databases for studies presenting characteristics of children confirmed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from December 12, 2019 to May 10, 2020. Quality Appraisal of Case Series Studies Checklist was used to assess quality and publication bias was analyzed by Egger’s test. Random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled incidence rate (IR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), or a fixed model instead when I(2) < 50%. We conducted subgroup analysis according to geographic region. Additionally, we searched United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization to see how different countries act to the education disruption in COVID-19. RESULTS: 29 studies with 4300 pediatric patients were included. The mean age was 7.04 (95% CI: 5.06–9.08) years old. 18.9% of children were asymptomatic (95% CI: 0.121–0.266), 37.4% (95% CI: 0.280–0.474) had no radiographic abnormalities. Besides, a proportion of 0.1% patients were admitted to intensive care units (0, 95% CI: 0.000–0.013) and four deaths were reported (0, 95% CI: 0.000–0.000). Up to 159 countries have implemented nationwide school closures, affecting over 70% of the world’s students. CONCLUSION: Children were also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, while critical cases or deaths were rare. Characterized by mild presentation, the dilemma that children may become a potential spreader in the pandemic, while strict managements like prolonged school closures, may undermine their well-beings. Thus, the public policies are facing challenge. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02316-1 doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02316-1 id: cord-257933-qpf1tiod author: Liu, Chao title: The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers date: 2020-09-11 words: 1048.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257933-qpf1tiod.txt summary: title: The COVID-19 Outbreak Negatively Affects the Delivery of Care for Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers In the first part of this study, an interrupted time-series design was applied to estimate the trends in hospitalization for patients with DFUs before the COVID-19 outbreak to generate the predicted value in 2020. When the time frame was stratified, there were significant differences between groups regarding the median intervals from patient-reported DFU onset to their medical visits (75 [49-120] days vs. This study suggests that the COVID-19 outbreak has had serious and disruptive effects on the delivery of DFU care, in terms of considerable drops in hospitalization and extended periods in treatment. In summary, the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affects the delivery of DFU care. The authors would like to thank all front-line health care workers for their efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.Funding. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1581 doi: 10.2337/dc20-1581 id: cord-294861-inlaz4od author: Liu, Chen title: Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series date: 2020-09-15 words: 3240.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294861-inlaz4od.txt summary: title: Six Gynecological Cancer Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 After Surgery or Radio-/Chemo-Therapy Treatment: Case Series METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of six gynecological cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 30 to March 25, 2020. RESULTS: We observed a high rate of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection among these six gynecological cancer patients, who were in a low immune state. reported a case in which a lung cancer patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 recovered from pneumonia while continuing initial targeted therapy (10) . After antivirus and anti-infection treatment, combined with G-CSF (Recombinant Human Granulocytestimulating Factor) and immunity enhancing drugs, she was finally discharged from hospital after 35 days (Figure 1) . Moreover, cancer patients showed a state of low immunity after surgery or radio-/chemo-therapy treatment, so they became more susceptible to COVID-19 (12) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, the number of gynecological cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been increasing. This article was committed to studying the influence of gynecological tumor treatment history compared to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was of great significance for the treatment of gynecological cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of six gynecological cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 30 to March 25, 2020. To better explain the treatment of gynecological cancer patients during the epidemic of COVID-19, we summarized the case characteristics, auxiliary examination, treatment plan, and outcome of these six patients. RESULTS: We observed a high rate of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection among these six gynecological cancer patients, who were in a low immune state. Also, due to the influence of cancer treatment history, COVID-19-related atypical symptoms became the first symptom of COVID-19 in some cases, which increased the difficulty of diagnosis. Furthermore, in terms of treatment for these cases, immune boosters and reagents that raised white blood cells were applied, except for in symptomatic antiviral treatment. At present, all patients in this study were discharged from the hospital with a good prognosis. CONCLUSION: After cancer-related treatment, the gynecological cancer patients became more susceptible to COVID-19. Besides, the history of cancer treatment made the diagnosis of COVID-19 difficult, which also affected the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, we put forward the corresponding therapy suggestions for gynecological cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042803/ doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01606 id: cord-266627-rkupc9w0 author: Liu, Chengyin title: Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 2753.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266627-rkupc9w0.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and antibiotics treatment in suspected bacterial infection patients with COVID-19 As a result, 473 patients were selected to suspected bacterial infection (SI) group based on higher white blood cell count and procalcitonin or bacterial pneumonia on chest radiography. Antibiotics were found associated with improved mortality and an increased risk for acute organ injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Intravenous moxifloxacin and meropenem increased the death rate in patients with suspected bacterial infection, while oral antibiotics reduced mortality in this group. Moreover, penicillin and meropenem treatments were associated with increased mortality of the patients with no evidence of bacterial infection. In the present study, we found that if laboratory tests indicated suspected bacterial infection, the empirical use of oral antibiotics might reduce mortality of patients with COVID-19. For the patients with no evidence of bacterial infection, receiving penicillin and meropenem increased mortality, and meropenem elevated the incidence of acute organ injury. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to health and social care systems. However, the empirical use of antibiotics is still confusing. Presently, a total of 1123 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University was included in this retrospective cohort study. The clinical features, complications and outcomes were compared between the suspected bacterial infection and the no evidence of bacterial infection. The risk factors of mortality and the incidence of acute organ injury were analyzed. As a result, 473 patients were selected to suspected bacterial infection (SI) group based on higher white blood cell count and procalcitonin or bacterial pneumonia on chest radiography. 650 patients were selected to the no evidence of bacterial infection (NI) group. The SI group had more severely ill patients (70.2% vs. 39.8%), more death (20.5% vs. 2.2%), and more acute organ injury (40.2% vs. 11.2%). Antibiotics were found associated with improved mortality and an increased risk for acute organ injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Intravenous moxifloxacin and meropenem increased the death rate in patients with suspected bacterial infection, while oral antibiotics reduced mortality in this group. Moreover, penicillin and meropenem treatments were associated with increased mortality of the patients with no evidence of bacterial infection. In conclusion, patients with suspected bacterial infection were more likely to have negative clinical outcomes than those without bacterial infection. Empirical use of antibiotics may not have the expected benefits. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107157 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107157 id: cord-336942-2mvcyvbl author: Liu, Cindy H. title: Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health date: 2020-06-01 words: 4740.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336942-2mvcyvbl.txt summary: title: Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Implications for U.S. Young Adult Mental Health This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of loneliness, high levels of COVID-19-specific worries, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, those who endorsed high levels of loneliness and worries about COVID-19 and low levels of distress tolerance were more likely to score above the clinical cutoffs for depression, anxiety, and PTSD. The high levels of reported loneliness in our sample and its association with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms underscore the severity of experiences of young adults during the pandemic. In our study, one in three U.S. young adults reported clinical cut-off symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD as well as high levels of loneliness. abstract: This study sought to identify factors associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology in U.S. young adults (18-30 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional online study assessed 898 participants from April 13, 2020 to May 19, 2020, approximately one month after the U.S. declared a state of emergency due to COVID-19 and prior to the initial lifting of restrictions across 50 U.S. states. Respondents reported high levels of depression (43.3%, PHQ-8 scores ≥ 10), high anxiety scores (45.4%, GAD-7 scores ≥ 10), and high levels of PTSD symptoms (31.8%, PCL-C scores ≥ 45). High levels of loneliness, high levels of COVID-19-specific worries, and low distress tolerance were significantly associated with clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Resilience was associated with low levels of depression and anxiety symptoms but not PTSD. Most respondents had high levels of social support; social support from family, but not from partner or peers, was associated with low levels of depression and PTSD. Compared to Whites, Asian Americans were less likely to report high levels across mental health symptoms, and Hispanic/Latinos were less likely to report high levels of anxiety. These factors provide initial guidance regarding clinical management for COVID-19-related mental health problems. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120311185 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172 id: cord-335916-fh28qrt7 author: Liu, Cuiwei title: COVID-19 in cancer patients: risk, clinical features, and management date: 2020-08-15 words: 3937.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335916-fh28qrt7.txt summary: Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of more severe COVID-19 symptoms, which is possibly due to the systemic immunosuppressive state caused directly by tumor growth and indirectly by effects of anticancer treatment. Another cohort study of 28 COVID-19 cancer patients reported that patients with Stage IV disease accounted for a higher percentage of infected patients (35.7%), suggesting that later stage cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 5 . Notably, a retrospective study of 28 COVID-19 cancer patients found that anti-cancer treatment within 14 days before COVID-19 diagnosis was more frequently associated with severe clinical events due to SARS-CoV-2 infection 5 . The higher proportion of COVID-19 patients with cancer requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation may be related to more severe disease and an immunosuppressive state in cancer patients, who are more susceptible to secondary lung infection with other pathogens. abstract: A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the world, prompting the World Health Organization to declare the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) a public health emergency of international concern. Cancer patients are regarded as a highly vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of more severe COVID-19 symptoms, which is possibly due to the systemic immunosuppressive state caused directly by tumor growth and indirectly by effects of anticancer treatment. Currently, much effort has been directed toward studying the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19, but the risk profiles, prognoses, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients remain unclear. Based on the current literature, we summarize the risk profiles, clinical and biochemical characteristics, and therapy outcomes of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients. The challenges in the clinical care of cancer patients with COVID-19 are discussed. The goal of this review is to stimulate research to better understand the biological impact and prognoses of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients, thus facilitating improvement of the clinical management of these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944387/ doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0289 id: cord-353283-rlvfk8w8 author: Liu, D. title: Pleotropic association between risk and prognosis of COVID-19 and gene expression in blood and lung: A Mendelian randomization analysis date: 2020-09-03 words: 3218.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353283-rlvfk8w8.txt summary: Pervious genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified potential genetic factors involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. Methods: We applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically/potentially causally associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. In this paper, we applied the summary data-based MR (SMR) method integrating summarized GWAS data for COVID-19 and cis-eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) data to prioritize genes that are pleiotropically/potentially causally associated with the risk and prognosis of COVID-19. In the present study, we integrated GWAS and eQTL data in the MR analysis to explore putative genes that showed pleiotropic/potentially causal association the susceptibility/prognosis of COVID-19. We only performed analyses using blood and lung eQTL data, more studies are needed to explore tissueand cell-type-specific genes involved in the host responses to COVID-19 infection. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior. Pervious genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified potential genetic factors involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear. Methods: We applied the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method to identify genes that were pleiotropically/potentially causally associated with the risk and various outcomes of COVID-19, including severe respiratory confirmed COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. The GWAS summarized data for COVID-19 were provided by the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative and the Severe Covid-19 GWAS Group. Analyses were done for blood and lung, respectively. Results: In blood, we identified 2 probes, ILMN_1765146 and ILMN_1791057 tagging IFNAR2, that showed pleiotropic association with hospitalized COVID-19 (beta [SE]=0.42 [0.09], P=4.75E06 and beta [SE]=-0.48 [0.11], P=6.76E06, respectively). Although no other probes were significant after correction for multiple testing in both blood and lung, multiple genes as tagged by the top 5 probes were involved in inflammation or antiviral immunity, and several other tagged genes, such as PON2 and HPS5, were involved in blood coagulation. Conclusion: We identified IFNAR2 and other potential genes that could be involved in of the susceptibility or prognosis of COVID-19. These findings provide important leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cytokine storm and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and potential therapeutic target for effective treatment of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.02.20187179v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20187179 id: cord-265077-7dh669jv author: Liu, Fang title: Clinico-Radiological Features and Outcomes in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared with Age-Matched Non-Pregnant Women date: 2020-08-13 words: 4649.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265077-7dh669jv.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted to review clinical and CT data of 21 pregnant and 19 age-matched non-pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia did not present typical clinical features, while developing a relatively more severe disease at imaging with a slower recovery course and experiencing similar outcomes compared with the non-pregnant women. Previous studies have described the clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared their outcomes with those of general population. In this case-controlled study, we aimed to investigate the clinical features, serial chest CT findings, and outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing with age-matched non-pregnant women, which are crucial for profiling the disease in the special populations seeking the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely obstetrical management. abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinico-radiological findings and outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia compared to age-matched non-pregnant women. METHODS: A retrospective case-controlled study was conducted to review clinical and CT data of 21 pregnant and 19 age-matched non-pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. Four stages of CT images were analyzed and compared based on the time interval from symptom onset: stage 1 (0–6 days), stage 2 (7–9 days), stage 3 (10–16 days), and stage 4 (>16 days). The initial and follow-up data were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Compared with age-matched non-pregnant women, initial absence of fever (13/21, 62%) and normal lymphocyte count (11/21, 52%) were more frequent in pregnant group. The predominant patterns of lung lesions were pure ground-glass opacity (GGO), GGO with consolidation or reticulation, and pure consolidation in both groups. Pure consolidation on chest CT was more common at presentation in pregnant cases. Pregnant women progressed with a higher consolidation frequency compared with non-pregnant group in stage 2 (95% vs 82%). Improvement was identified in stages 3 and 4 for both groups, but consolidation was still more frequent for pregnant women in stage 4. Most patients (38/40, 95%) were grouped as mild or common type. The length of hospitalization between the two groups was similar. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia did not present typical clinical features, while developing a relatively more severe disease at imaging with a slower recovery course and experiencing similar outcomes compared with the non-pregnant women. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s264541 doi: 10.2147/idr.s264541 id: cord-346497-q34w8ewl author: Liu, Fang-Yan title: Evaluation of the Risk Prediction Tools for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 words: 3946.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346497-q34w8ewl.txt summary: MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data on demography, comorbidities, vital signs, mental status, oxygen saturation, and use of supplemental oxygen at admission to the ward were collected from medical records and used to score National Early Warning Score, National Early Warning Score 2, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center study, the discrimination of National Early Warning Score/National Early Warning Score 2 for predicting mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the ward was found to be superior to Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. Some of the most commonly used scoring systems are the National Early Warning Score (NEWS)/National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) (9) (10) (11) (12) , Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) (13, 14) , Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CRB65) score (15) , and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) (16, 17) which might serve as a risk prediction tool for the patients infected with COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of National Early Warning Score, National Early Warning Score 2, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment on predicting in-hospital death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: A retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Single center, West Campus of Wuhan Union hospital-a temporary center to manage critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. PATIENTS: A total of 673 consecutive adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 between January 30, 2020, and March 14, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data on demography, comorbidities, vital signs, mental status, oxygen saturation, and use of supplemental oxygen at admission to the ward were collected from medical records and used to score National Early Warning Score, National Early Warning Score 2, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. Total number of patients was 673 (51% male) and median (interquartile range) age was 61 years (50–69 yr). One-hundred twenty-one patients died (18%). For predicting in-hospital death, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (95% CI) for National Early Warning Score, National Early Warning Score 2, Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment were 0.882 (0.847–0.916), 0.880 (0.845–0.914), 0.839 (0.800–0.879), 0.766 (0.718–0.814), and 0.694 (0.641–0.746), respectively. Among the parameters of National Early Warning Score, the oxygen saturation score was found to be the most significant predictor of in-hospital death. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (95% CI) for oxygen saturation score was 0.875 (0.834–0.916). CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center study, the discrimination of National Early Warning Score/National Early Warning Score 2 for predicting mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the ward was found to be superior to Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Confusion, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 score, and quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment. Peripheral oxygen saturation could independently predict in-hospital death in these patients. Further validation of our finding in multiple settings is needed to determine its applicability for coronavirus disease 2019. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897668/ doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004549 id: cord-310060-ymoxt1zq author: Liu, Fengjun title: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 words: 4038.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310060-ymoxt1zq.txt summary: This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Several biomarkers have been used to evaluate the severity of patients with infectious pneumonia and to guide clinical interventions, such as the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score [5] , as well as laboratory indicators including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactate level [6] [7] [8] . Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the capability of quantitative CT imaging features compared with traditional clinical biomarkers in predicting progression to severe illness in the early stages of COVID-19. abstract: Rationale: Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly develop respiratory failure or even die, underscoring the need for early identification of patients at elevated risk of severe illness. This study aims to quantify pneumonia lesions by computed tomography (CT) in the early days to predict progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included confirmed COVID-19 patients. Three quantitative CT features of pneumonia lesions were automatically calculated using artificial intelligence algorithms, representing the percentages of ground-glass opacity volume (PGV), semi-consolidation volume (PSV), and consolidation volume (PCV) in both lungs. CT features, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and d-dimer, on day 0 (hospital admission) and day 4, were collected to predict the occurrence of severe illness within a 28-day follow-up using both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: We included 134 patients, of whom 19 (14.2%) developed any severe illness. CT features on day 0 and day 4, as well as their changes from day 0 to day 4, showed predictive capability. Changes in CT features from day 0 to day 4 performed the best in the prediction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87~0.99; C-index=0.88, 95% CI 0.81~0.95). The hazard ratios of PGV and PCV were 1.39 (95% CI 1.05~1.84, P=0.023) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.17~2.38, P=0.005), respectively. CT features, adjusted for age and gender, on day 4 and in terms of changes from day 0 to day 4 outperformed APACHE-II, NLR, and d-dimer. Conclusions: CT quantification of pneumonia lesions can early and non-invasively predict the progression to severe illness, providing a promising prognostic indicator for clinical management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373235/ doi: 10.7150/thno.45985 id: cord-292537-9ra4r6v6 author: Liu, Fenglin title: Predicting and analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Based on SEIRD, LSTM and GWR models date: 2020-08-27 words: 5662.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292537-9ra4r6v6.txt summary: For the study of infectious diseases like COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola, most of the literature used descriptive research or model methods to assess indicators and analyze the effect of interventions, such as combining migration data to evaluate the potential infection rate [18, 19] , understanding the impact of factors like environmental temperature and vaccines that might be potentially linked to the diseases [20, 21] , using basic and time-varying reproduction number (R 0 & R t ) to estimate changeable transmission dynamics of epidemic conditions [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] , calculating and predicting the fatal risk to display any stage of outbreak [28] [29] [30] , or providing suggestions and interventions from risk management and other related aspects based on the results of modeling tools or historical lessons [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . abstract: In December 2019, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The epidemic quickly broke out and spread throughout the country. Now it becomes a pandemic that affects the whole world. In this study, three models were used to fit and predict the epidemic situation in China: a modified SEIRD (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Dead) dynamic model, a neural network method LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and a GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression) model reflecting spatial heterogeneity. Overall, all the three models performed well with great accuracy. The dynamic SEIRD prediction APE (absolute percent error) of China had been ≤ 1.0% since Mid-February. The LSTM model showed comparable accuracy. The GWR model took into account the influence of geographical differences, with R(2) = 99.98% in fitting and 97.95% in prediction. Wilcoxon test showed that none of the three models outperformed the other two at the significance level of 0.05. The parametric analysis of the infectious rate and recovery rate demonstrated that China's national policies had effectively slowed down the spread of the epidemic. Furthermore, the models in this study provided a wide range of implications for other countries to predict the short-term and long-term trend of COVID-19, and to evaluate the intensity and effect of their interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853285/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238280 id: cord-351056-5j8uh1yx author: Liu, Gaoli title: Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 3382.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351056-5j8uh1yx.txt summary: After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the risk group had significantly longer LOS, higher hospital expenses (except MNA-sf), poor appetite, heavier disease severity, and more weight change(kg) than normal patients by using NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI(P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in ALB, TP, weight loss, weight change, change in appetite, LOS, hospital expenses, and disease severity between normal group and nutritional risk group when NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI were used (P < 0.05) (Table 1) . The results of the present study show that patients with COVID-19 who classified as having a nutritional risk had significantly poorer clinical outcomes than those classified as normal following assessments by NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional risks among older patients with COVID-19 and their associated clinical outcomes using four nutritional risk screening (NRS) tools: Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini Nutrition Assessment Shortcut (MNA-sf), and Nutrition Risk Index (NRI). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with COVID-19 older than 65 years who were treated in our hospital from January 28, 2020 to March 5, 2020, and explored the relationship between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients with COVID-19 (46 common COVID-19, 73 severe COVID-19, and 22 extremely severe COVID-19) were enrolled in the study. NRS 2002 identified 85.8% of patients as having risk, with being identified 41.1% by MUST, 77.3% by MNA-sf, and 71.6% by NRI. The agreement strength was moderate between NRS 2002 and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MUST and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MNA-sf and NRI, poor between NRS 2002 and MUST (P < 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the risk group had significantly longer LOS, higher hospital expenses (except MNA-sf), poor appetite, heavier disease severity, and more weight change(kg) than normal patients by using NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI are useful and practical tools with respect to screening for patients with COVID-19 who are at nutritional risk, as well as in need of additional nutritional intervention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410784/ doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0659-7 id: cord-341833-wf72fra8 author: Liu, Guoqiang title: A Single Large Dose of Vitamin D Could be Used as a Means of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Treatment date: 2020-08-21 words: 2565.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341833-wf72fra8.txt summary: 20 A pilot, openlabel, prospective phase 1 clinical trial in HIV-positive patients with Vit D deficiency showed that a single dose of 200,000 IU oral Vit D increased the frequencies of antigen-specific T cells expressing macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), an important anti-HIV blocking chemokine. In a recent study, 51 HIV-infected youths, with baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≤30 ng/mL, were enrolled and treated by adding three different Vit D doses of 18,000 IU, 60,000 IU and 120,000 IU monthly on a combination antiretroviral therapy. These data suggested that high-dose Vit D supplementation may attenuate immune activation and exhaustion and serve as adjuvant therapy to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected people. Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study The effect of treatment of vitamin D deficiency on the level of P-selectin and hs-CRP in patients with thromboembolism: a pilot randomized clinical trial abstract: There is no specific and effective medication for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and avaccine is not available in recent months. Here, we hypothesize that a single large dose of vitamin D (Vit D) could be an option for trial in COVID-19. Vit D deficiency or insufficiency is very common in the general population as well as in patients with COVID-19. It has been shown that low Vit D level is associated with viral infection, and Vit D supplementation is beneficial for people infected with viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, the morbidity and mortality of this disease are driven by coagulopathy. Clinical studies have shown that Vit D can exert anticoagulant effects. Vit D, a lipid-soluble vitamin, can be administered as a draught. Vit D supplementation is safe and has rare toxic events. In addition, the cost of Vit D is fairly low. Based on these observations, we speculate that a single dose of 300,000 IU Vit D may have a role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904593/ doi: 10.2147/dddt.s271754 id: cord-322572-wic7n6ia author: Liu, Jiangtao title: Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China date: 2020-07-15 words: 3965.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322572-wic7n6ia.txt summary: The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. Then we used generalized linear models to examine the associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19 daily case counts in 30 provincial capitals except for Wuhan in China while controlling the population migration. abstract: The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. First, we explored the associations between COVID-19 confirmed case counts, meteorological factors, and MSI using non-linear regression. Then, we conducted a two-stage analysis for 17 cities with more than 50 confirmed cases. In the first stage, generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution were fitted to estimate city-specific effects of meteorological factors on confirmed case counts. In the second stage, the meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effects. Our results showed that among 13 cities that have less than 50 confirmed cases, 9 cities locate in the Northern China with average AT below 0 °C, 12 cities had average AH below 4 g/m(3), and one city (Haikou) had the highest AH (14.05 g/m(3)). Those 17 cities with 50 and more cases accounted for 90.6% of all cases in our study. Each 1 °C increase in AT and DTR was related to the decline of daily confirmed case counts, and the corresponding pooled RRs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.85) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), respectively. For AH, the association with COVID-19 case counts were statistically significant in lag 07 and lag 014. In addition, we found the all these associations increased with accumulated time duration up to 14 days. In conclusions, meteorological factors play an independent role in the COVID-19 transmission after controlling population migration. Local weather condition with low temperature, mild diurnal temperature range and low humidity likely favor the transmission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972032026X doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138513 id: cord-307044-4czeehkq author: Liu, Jiaye title: Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date: 2020-08-06 words: 3520.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307044-4czeehkq.txt summary: However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies had been carried out on the impact of chronic HBV infection on the disease progression and liver function changes of COVID-19 patients, and how the SARS-CoV-2 infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection. 16 The factors for propensity score calculation include age, gender, body mass index (BMI), time intervals between COVID-19 onset to hospital admission, number of comorbidities except for CHB, liver biochemistries (ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL), PaO2/FIO2 ratio, chest CT score, CRP, lymphocyte count, and platelet count at baseline. As the median of testing/assessing time intervals and follow-up durations were 3 days and 14 days for liver biochemistries (ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL), we compared the dynamic levels of these indicators within/between the two groups at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days during hospitalization. The median levels of liver biochemistries over time were no significant difference between two groups ( Figure 3 ; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ALT: p=0.56, AST: p=0.58, GGT: p=0.43, TBIL: p=0. abstract: AIM: With pandemic of COVID‐19 currently and high endemic of chronic HBV infection worldwide, it is quite urgent to investigate liver function changes of COVID‐19 patients with chronic HBV infection, and how SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study based on 347 COVID‐19 patients (21 vs. 326 with vs. without chronic HBV infection). With the PSM method, we yielded 20 and 51 matched patients for HBV group and non‐HBV group, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of follow‐up, all these 71 patients achieved SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance (p=0.1). During the follow‐up, 30% vs. 31.4% in HBV group vs. non‐HBV group progressed to severe COVID‐19 (p=0.97). After PSM, the longitudinal changes of median values for liver biochemistries were no significant difference between two groups. In HBV group vs. non‐HBV‐group, 35% (7/20) vs. 37.25% (19/51) (p = 0.86) had abnormal ALT at least once during hospitalization, while 30% (6/20) vs. 31.37% (16/51) for abnormal AST (p = 0.91), 40% (8/20) vs. 37.25% (19/51) for abnormal GGT (p = 0.83), and 45% (9/20) vs. 39.22% (20/51) for abnormal TBIL (p = 0.91). Moreover, 3 patients in HBV group had hepatitis B reactivation. CONCLUSIONS: Liver dysfunction presented in COVID‐19 patients with/without chronic HBV. Moreover, those COVID‐19 patients coinfected with chronic HBV could had a risk of hepatitis B reactivation. It is necessary to monitor liver function of COVID‐19 patients, as well as HBV DNA levels for those coinfected with HBV during the whole disease course. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13553 doi: 10.1111/hepr.13553 id: cord-352030-hnm54k4r author: Liu, Jie title: Epidemiological, Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis date: 2020-03-13 words: 5263.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352030-hnm54k4r.txt summary: These included age, sex, occupation (doctor, or nurse), body mass index (BMI ≥ 24, or <24 kg/m 2 ), current smoking status (yes, or no), disease severity (non-severe, or severe), date of symptom onset, symptoms before hospital admission (fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, myalgia, sputum production, difficulty breathing or chest tightness, chill, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and chest pain), coexisting conditions (e.g. hypertension, diabetes, etc.), laboratory testing indicators on admission (leucocyte count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, D-dimer, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactose dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hemoglobin, ferritin, C-reactive protein, Amyloid A, total bilirubin, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lymphocyte subsets, etc.), radiologic assessments of chest CT (lung involvement, lung lobe involvement, predominant CT changes, predominant distribution of opacities, etc.), treatment measures (antibiotics agents, antiviral agents, traditional Chinese medicine, immune globulin, thymosin, corticosteroids and oxygen therapy), and complications (e.g. pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, etc.). abstract: Backgrounds Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus epidemic has emerged in Wuhan city, China and then rapidly spread to other areas. As of 20 Feb 2020, a total of 2,055 medical staff confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 in China had been reported. We sought to explore the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of novel coronavirus-infected medical staff. Methods In this retrospective study, 64 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus-infected medical staff admitted to Union Hospital, Wuhan between 16 Jan, 2020 to 15 Feb, 2020 were included. Two groups concerned were extracted from the subjects based on duration of symptoms: group 1 (<= 10 days) and group 2 (>10 days). Epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed and compared across groups. The Kaplan-Meier plot was used to inspect the change in hospital discharge rate. The Cox regression model was utilized to identify factors associated with hospital discharge. Findings The median age of medical staff included was 35 years old. 64% were female and 67% were nurses. None had an exposure to Huanan seafood wholesale market or wildlife. A small proportion of the cohort had contact with specimens (5%) as well as patients in fever clinics (8%) and isolation wards (5%). Fever (67%) was the most common symptom, followed by cough (47%) and fatigue (34%). The median time interval between symptoms onset and admission was 8.5 days. On admission, 80% of medical staff showed abnormal IL-6 levels and 34% had lymphocytopenia. Chest CT mainly manifested as bilateral (61%), subpleural (80%) and ground-glass (52%) opacities. During the study period, no patients was transferred to intensive care unit or died, and 34 (53%) had been discharged. Higher body mass index (BMI) (HR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.73), fever (HR 0.24; 95% CI 0.09-0.60) and higher levels of IL-6 on admission (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.87) were unfavorable factors for discharge. Interpretation In this study, medical staff infected with COVID-19 have relatively milder symptoms and favorable clinical course, which may be partly due to their medical expertise, younger age and less underlying diseases. Smaller BMI, absence of fever symptoms and normal IL-6 levels on admission are favorable for discharge for medical staff. Further studies should be devoted to identifying the exact patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection among medical staff. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.09.20033118 id: cord-273213-b3nla9di author: Liu, Jing title: Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients date: 2020-04-18 words: 3588.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273213-b3nla9di.txt summary: T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. [6] [7] Recent studies have also reported decreases in the counts of lymphocytes (e.g. CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell) in the peripheral blood and increases in serum inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g. IL-6) in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, significant decreases in lymphocyte counts of the severe group were observed at the time point of disease onset and became even greater on 4-6 days later compared to those of the mild patients ( Figure S4c ). abstract: BACKGROUND: The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profiles of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were longitudinally collected from 40 confirmed COVID-19 patients and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. FINDINGS: Of the 40 COVID-19 patients enrolled, 13 severe cases showed significant and sustained decreases in lymphocyte counts [0•6 (0•6-0•8)] but increases in neutrophil counts [4•7 (3•6-5•8)] than 27 mild cases [1.1 (0•8-1•4); 2•0 (1•5-2•9)]. Further analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the counts of T cells, especially CD8(+) T cells, as well as increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in the peripheral blood in the severe cases compared to those in the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (AUC=0•93) and neutrophil-to-CD8(+) T cell ratio (N8R) (AUC =0•94) were identified as powerful prognostic factors affecting the prognosis for severe COVID-19. INTERPRETATION: The degree of lymphopenia and a proinflammatory cytokine storm is higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases, and is associated with the disease severity. N8R and NLR may serve as a useful prognostic factor for early identification of severe COVID-19 cases. FUNDING: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Major Project, the Health Commission of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the Medical Faculty of the University Hospital Essen, Germany. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352396420301389 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102763 id: cord-264560-hxvadp24 author: Liu, Jui-Yao title: Analysis of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan: A Nationwide Study date: 2020-05-09 words: 4333.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264560-hxvadp24.txt summary: The Taiwanese authorities have made efforts to contain the importation of the disease by issuing travel advisories and implementing flight bans, entry restrictions, airport screening, home quarantining of travellers from high-risk areas, isolation of confirmed cases, and thorough contact tracing [11] [12] [13] . Travellers entering Taiwan with fever or respiratory symptoms must have oropharyngeal specimens collected for COVID-19 testing and are subject to home quarantining for 14 days, as are travellers from areas where the disease is epidemic. Of the imported cases, 32.7% were identified in airport screening, 27.7% during home quarantine, 16.2% through contact tracing, and 23.4% sought medical attention themselves and were reported by the hospitals (Table 3 ). Proactive border control measures to contain the importation of COVID-19 via airport screening, quarantining of travellers from epidemic areas, and thorough contact tracing are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease. abstract: In the early stages of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, containment of disease importation from epidemic areas was essential for outbreak control. This study is based on publicly accessible data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Taiwan extracted from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control website. We analysed the characteristics, infection source, symptom presentation, and route of identification of the 321 imported cases that were identified from 21 January to 6 April 2020. They were mostly returned Taiwanese citizens who had travelled to one or more of 37 countries for tourism, business, work, or study. Half of these cases developed symptoms before arrival, most of the remainder developed symptoms 1–13 days (mean 4.0 days) after arrival, and 3.4% never developed symptoms. Three-quarters of the cases had respiratory symptoms, 44.9% had fever, 13.1% lost smell or taste, and 7.2% had diarrhoea. Body temperature and symptom screening at airports identified 32.7% of the cases. Of the remainder, 27.7% were identified during home quarantining, 16.2% were identified via contact tracing, and 23.4% were reported by hospitals. Under the strict enforcement of these measures, the incidence of locally acquired COVID-19 cases in Taiwan remains sporadic. In conclusion, proactive border control measures are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397515/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093311 id: cord-350001-pd2bnqbp author: Liu, L. title: Estimating the Changing Infection Rate of COVID-19 Using Bayesian Models of Mobility date: 2020-08-07 words: 5516.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350001-pd2bnqbp.txt summary: We propose a hierarchical Bayesian extension to the classic susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model that adds compartments to account for isolation and death and allows the infection rate to vary as a function of both mobility data collected from mobile phones and a latent time-varying factor that accounts for changes in behavior not captured by mobility data. On the other hand, compartmental models [e.g., 1, 6, 7] assume a flexible, causal story for the spread of a disease and can also incorporate mobility data as a covariate for predicting the time-varying infection rate of a disease. However, most often though we don''t know the parameters of the model beforehand, but we do have some data that can provide a learning signal to fit the parameters, One such signal is the daily number of new cases of a disease, which can be predicted by a compartmental model as the change in I + R between each day. abstract: In order to prepare for and control the continued spread of the COVID-19 pandemic while minimizing its economic impact, the world needs to be able to estimate and predict COVID-19's spread. Unfortunately, we cannot directly observe the prevalence or growth rate of COVID-19; these must be inferred using some kind of model. We propose a hierarchical Bayesian extension to the classic susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model that adds compartments to account for isolation and death and allows the infection rate to vary as a function of both mobility data collected from mobile phones and a latent time-varying factor that accounts for changes in behavior not captured by mobility data. Since confirmed-case data is unreliable, we infer the model's parameters conditioned on deaths data. We replace the exponential-waiting-time assumption of classic compartmental models with Erlang distributions, which allows for a more realistic model of the long lag between exposure and death. The mobility data gives us a leading indicator that can quickly detect changes in the pandemic's local growth rate and forecast changes in death rates weeks ahead of time. This is an analysis of observational data, so any causal interpretations of the model's inferences should be treated as suggestive at best; nonetheless, the model's inferred relationship between different kinds of trips and the infection rate do suggest some possible hypotheses about what kinds of activities might contribute most to COVID-19's spread. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.06.20169664v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.06.20169664 id: cord-266052-rcuzi70u author: Liu, Lilong title: Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-29 words: 5743.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266052-rcuzi70u.txt summary: As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Another study showed that infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus were successfully isolated from 2 of 3 patients with viral RNA-positive, indicating that infectious virus in feces was a common manifestation of COVID-19 and confirmed the potential of fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission (Xiao et al., 2020b) . Coupled with the fact that villagers usually use untreated excreta as agricultural fertilizer, we believe that the use of pit latrines in rural China and other low-income countries increases the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating the surrounding natural environment and ultimately harms human health. We proposed this hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-COV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts and then become a sustainable source of infection in rural China and other low-income countries. abstract: According to the latest reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was successfully isolated from the excreta (stool and urine) of COVID-19 patients, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted through excreta contaminated water. As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Recently, bats have been widely recognized as the source of SARS-CoV-2. There were many possible intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, including pangolin, snake, bird and fish, but which one was still not clear exactly. Here, we proposed a hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts, thus becoming a sustainable source of infection in rural China. Therefore, we believe that abolishing pit latrines and banning the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer can improve the local living environment and effectively prevent COVID-19 and other potential waterborne diseases that could emanate from the excreta of infected persons. Although this study focused on rural areas in China, the results could also be applied to low-income countries, especially in Africa. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720368145 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143283 id: cord-255604-hnbzidf3 author: Liu, Liping title: Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 1262.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255604-hnbzidf3.txt summary: 1 This pandemic has presented a major challenge to the care of patients with other medical conditions such as stroke, which affects 1 in 4 people over the age of 25 in their lifetime and kills about 5.5 million each year. 4 The latest survey data collected from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance showed that among 328 hospitals during the period of pandemic, the admission rate of patients who had a stroke decreased by as much as 60%-80%. In addition, the ability of a hospital to care for patients who had a stroke may diminish due to the need to minimise exposure and reallocate work force and resources. Fourth, healthcare providers, including emergency medical physicians, are being infected at a higher percentage in certain countries, which may decrease the work force providing stroke care. 16 Based on these statements and a need to call for uninterrupted stroke care during this pandemic, this work group has composed the following recommendations: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32447298/ doi: 10.1136/svn-2020-000429 id: cord-263241-qzerj9bs author: Liu, Liu title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction date: 2020-08-20 words: 1538.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263241-qzerj9bs.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction In this study, the clinical data from hospitalized patients were retrospectively analyzed at their admission to identify if there is any evidence of proximal tubule injury. The patients were diagnosed and classified according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 4)." [3] Patients with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with any abnormal urinalysis result in the past 3 months before admission were excluded. This study found that 10.1% of the patients presented with renal glucosuria, 34.2% with mild proteinuria, 25.8% with hyponatremia, and 20.4% with hypouricemia. The presence of renal glucosuria, mild proteinuria, and hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19 indicated the possibility of proximal tubular injury, highlighting the necessity for further investigation. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease indicate potential proximal tubular dysfunction abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000945 doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000945 id: cord-273601-icituitn author: Liu, M. title: Forecasting the Spread of COVID-19 under Different Reopening Strategies date: 2020-05-29 words: 6257.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273601-icituitn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273601-icituitn.txt summary: Our model gives good out-of-sample forecasts of the disease for the two and half weeks after the end of our mobility data, assuming that the country continues the nearly 50% return to normalcy observed at the end of April (as compared to the observed peak social distancing levels). This specification implies that transmission rates can differ across counties (the county fixed effects α i reflect different population densities and also different demographic compositions), time periods (date fixed effects β t are included mostly to accommodate different rates of testing and also the different rates of reporting that happen on weekdays vs weekends), levels of social distancing d i,t , and different temperatures, h i,t , the impact of which has been debated 2 , 3 , 4 . First, to examine how our model performs, we predict the out-of-sample case numbers from the end of our data period up to May 16, 2020, under different social distancing assumptions. abstract: We combine COVID-19 case data with demographic and mobility data to estimate a modified susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for the spread of this disease in the United States. We find that the incidence of infectious COVID-19 individuals has a concave effect on contagion, as would be expected if people have inter-related social networks. We also demonstrate that social distancing and population density have large effects on the rate of contagion. The social distancing in late March and April substantially reduced the number of COVID-19 cases. However, the concave contagion pattern means that when social distancing measures are lifted, the growth rate is considerable but will not be exponential as predicted by standard SIR models. Furthermore, counties with the lowest population density could likely avoid high levels of contagion even with no social distancing. We forecast rates of new cases for COVID-19 under different social distancing norms and find that if social distancing is eliminated there will be a massive increase in the cases of COVID-19, about double what would occur if the US only restored to 50% of the way to normalcy. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.26.20113993v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20113993 id: cord-171089-z4oya6kz author: Liu, Meijun title: Can pandemics transform scientific novelty? Evidence from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 words: 9623.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-171089-z4oya6kz.txt summary: Our analysis of 58,728 coronavirus papers suggests that scientific novelty measured by the BioBERT model that is pre-trained on 29 million PubMed articles, and parachuting collaboration dramatically increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, while international collaboration witnessed a sudden decrease. Building on the "knowledge recombination" theory (4) and the combinatorial perspective of novelty (3, 9) , we assess papers'' scientific novelty by quantifying how extraordinary a combination of bio-entities is in a coronavirus-related paper using BioBERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining) (10), a language model that is pre-trained on 29 million PubMed articles. We examine the association between monthly change in scientific novelty, parachuting collaboration ratio and international collaboration of coronavirus papers by 50 sampled countries and their status as a confirmed COVID-19 infection site from January 2018 to April 2020 by month. abstract: Scientific novelty is important during the pandemic due to its critical role in generating new vaccines. Parachuting collaboration and international collaboration are two crucial channels to expand teams' search activities for a broader scope of resources required to address the global challenge. Our analysis of 58,728 coronavirus papers suggests that scientific novelty measured by the BioBERT model that is pre-trained on 29 million PubMed articles, and parachuting collaboration dramatically increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, while international collaboration witnessed a sudden decrease. During the COVID-19, papers with more parachuting collaboration and internationally collaborative papers are predicted to be more novel. The findings suggest the necessity of reaching out for distant resources, and the importance of maintaining a collaborative scientific community beyond established networks and nationalism during a pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12500v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-354257-45bwzuqn author: Liu, Mengqi title: COVID-19 pneumonia: CT findings of 122 patients and differentiation from influenza pneumonia date: 2020-05-12 words: 3279.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354257-45bwzuqn.txt summary: KEY POINTS: • Typical CT features of COVID-19 include pure ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and a peripheral distribution. Our results showed that the most common imaging signs of the COVID-19 group were pure GGO, GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, and interlobular septal thickening, which were in line with previous studies [8, [18] [19] [20] . Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical and chest CT characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia and explore the radiological differences between COVID-19 and influenza. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 122 patients (61 men and 61 women, 48 ± 15 years) confirmed with COVID-19 and 48 patients (23 men and 25 women, 47 ± 19 years) confirmed with influenza were enrolled in the study. Thin-section CT was performed. The clinical data and the chest CT findings were recorded. RESULTS: The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (74%) and cough (63%), and 102 patients (83%) had Wuhan contact. Pneumonia in 50 patients with COVID-19 (45%) distributed in the peripheral regions of the lung, while it showed mixed distribution in 26 patients (74%) with influenza (p = 0.022). The most common CT features of the COVID-19 group were pure ground-glass opacities (GGO, 36%), GGO with consolidation (51%), rounded opacities (35%), linear opacities (64%), bronchiolar wall thickening (49%), and interlobular septal thickening (66%). Compared with the influenza group, the COVID-19 group was more likely to have rounded opacities (35% vs. 17%, p = 0.048) and interlobular septal thickening (66% vs. 43%, p = 0.014), but less likely to have nodules (28% vs. 71%, p < 0.001), tree-in-bud sign (9% vs. 40%, p < 0.001), and pleural effusion (6% vs. 31%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the CT manifestations of patients with COVID-19 and influenza. Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. KEY POINTS: • Typical CT features of COVID-19 include pure ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO with consolidation, rounded opacities, bronchiolar wall thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and a peripheral distribution. • Presence of rounded opacities and interlobular septal thickening, with the absence of nodules and tree-in-bud sign, and with the typical peripheral distribution, may help us differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399710/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06928-0 id: cord-303039-rteysj8j author: Liu, Ming title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 words: 3913.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303039-rteysj8j.txt summary: title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as "Integrated Medicine") to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. This study summarized controlled trials and methods of Integrated Medicine treatment of COVID-19, including the changes of clinical symptoms. Clinical study on 37 cases of COVID-19 treated by integrated Chinese and western medicine Effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on SARS: a review of clinical evidence abstract: COVID-19 has now spread to all parts of the world and almost all countries are battling against it. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as “Integrated Medicine”) to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened, identified studies, and extracted data. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the quality of included RCTs and CCSs, respectively. Stata (version 13.0; StataCorp) was used to perform meta-analyses using the random-effects model. Risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous data while the weighted mean difference (WMD) was adopted for continuous variables as effect size, respectively, both of which were demonstrated in effect size and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 11 studies were included. Four were RCTs and seven were CCSs. The samples of including studies ranged from 18 to 100 (total 982). The traditional Chinese medicine included Chinese medicine compound drugs (QingFei TouXie FuZhengFang) and Chinese patent medicine (such as Shufeng Jiedu Capsule, Lianhua Qingwen granules). Compared with the control group, the overall response rate [RR = 1.230, 95%CI (1.113, 1.359), P = 0.000], cure rate [RR = 1.604, 95%CI (1.181, 2.177), P = 0.002], severity illness rate [RR = 0.350, 95%CI (0.154, 0.792), P = 0.012], and hospital stay [WMD = -1.991, 95%CI (-3.278, -0.703), P = 0.002] of the intervention group were better. In addition, Integrated Medicine can improve the disappearance rate of fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, chest tightness and anorexia and reduce patients’ fever, and fatigue time (P < 0.05). This review found that Integrated Medicine had better effects and fewer adverse drug reactions for COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs will be needed in the future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661820312044 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104896 id: cord-303397-lbpve38s author: Liu, N. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Evidence Map of Medical Literature date: 2020-05-11 words: 5202.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303397-lbpve38s.txt summary: March 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, approximately 11 weeks after the first detected case of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China was reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019. In this paper, we summarised the medical literature on COVID-19 between 1 January and 24 March 2020 using evidence maps and bibliometric analysis in order to systematically identify gaps and propose areas for valuable future research. In this paper, we summarised the medical literature on COVID-19 between 1 January and 24 March 2020 using evidence maps and bibliometric analysis in order to systematically identify gaps and propose areas for valuable future research. By article topic and type (Figure 4(a) ), case reports/series on clinical features and diagnosis (n=117, 21·2%) were the most common, followed by general epidemiological research (n=77, 14·0%) comprising mainly of studies that modelled disease trajectory. abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019, a substantial body of COVID-19 medical literature has been generated. As of May 2020, gaps in the existing literature remain unidentified and, hence, unaddressed. In this paper, we summarise the medical literature on COVID-19 between 1 January and 24 March 2020 using evidence maps and bibliometric analysis in order to systematically identify gaps and propose areas for valuable future research. The examined COVID-19 medical literature originated primarily from Asia and focussed mainly on clinical features and diagnosis of the disease. Many areas of potential research remain underexplored, such as mental health research, the use of novel technologies and artificial intelligence, research on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 within different body systems, and research on indirect effects of COVID-19 on the care of non-COVID-19 patients. Research collaboration at the international level was limited although improvements may aid global containment efforts. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20093674 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093674 id: cord-304664-rha9pwob author: Liu, N. title: High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China date: 2020-05-01 words: 1906.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304664-rha9pwob.txt summary: title: High rate of increased level of plasma Angiotensin II and its gender difference in COVID-19: an analysis of 55 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, WuHan, China The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of COVID-19 (OR=4.123) and CD4/CD8 ratio(OR=4.050) were the co-directional impact factor while female(OR=0.146) was inverse impact factor of elevated AngII level. Keywords: 2019 Novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin II(AngII), gender differences This study reported a high rate of increased level of AngII in COVID-19 patients, which could be verified with the study above. This study showed a significant difference in the severity of COVID-19 in the elevated AngII group, and the severity of COVID-19 was a risk factor of increased AngII level. However, this study revealed significant gender differences in the mean baseline values for plasma Ang II among COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: 2019 Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is turning into a pandemic globally lately. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as an important functional receptor for SARS-Cov-2. ACE2 and ACE are homologues with inverse functions in the renin-angiotensin system. ACE converts angiotensin I into a vital vasoactive peptide called angiotensin II(AngII), whereas ACE2 hydrolyzes AngII into a series of vasodilators. There were few reports illustrated the expression of AngII in COVID-19. This study aimed to demonstrate the expression of angiotensin II in COVID-19 and how it correlated to the disease. Methods: We enrolled 55 patients with COVID-19 admitted to renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 21st to February 21st, 2020. Demographic data were collected upon admission. COVID-19 nuclear acid, plasma AngII, Renin and aldosterone in the lying position without sodium restriction, and other laboratory indicators were together measured by the laboratory department of our hospital. Findings: Of the 55 patients with COVID-19, 34(61.8%) had an increased level of AngII. The severity of COVID-19 and male is positively related with the level of AngII. The level of blood lymphocyte, PCT, ALT, and AST were remarkably severe with those of normal level of AngII (P < 0.05). CD4/CD8 cells ratio was significantly higher whereas CD3+CD8+ cells amount, CD3+CD8+ cells proportion, CD56+CD16+CD3- cells amount and CD19+CD3- cells amount were considerably lower than those of normal level of AngII (P < 0.05). Abnormal rates of blood lymphocyte and PCT were significantly higher in Patients with elevated AngII level. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of COVID-19 (OR=4.123) and CD4/CD8 ratio(OR=4.050) were the co-directional impact factor while female(OR=0.146) was inverse impact factor of elevated AngII level. Interpretation: High rate of increased level of AngII was detected in COVID-19 patients. Patients with elevated AngII level were more likely to be critically ill with COVID-19. Considering the gender differences in ACE2 expression and no gender differences in angiotensin expression, the gender differences in AngII level might indicate less loss of ACE2 in female patients. Elevated AngII level was correlated with CD4/CD8 ratio, suggesting it might involve in immune disorder. Keywords: 2019 Novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19), Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin II(AngII), gender differences url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20080432 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20080432 id: cord-267271-cdeecuf0 author: Liu, Nian title: Dynamic changes of Chest CT follow-up in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to clinical typing date: 2020-08-05 words: 3647.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267271-cdeecuf0.txt summary: We analyzed the clinical characteristics, CT characteristics and the pneumonia involvement of the patients between the moderate group and the severe and critical group, and the dynamic changes of severity with the CT follow-up time. To our knowledge, this is a relatively comprehensive study of the characteristics and dynamic changes of CT between the moderate type and severe or critical type patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The initial and follow-up chest CT images were assessed as the following ten characteristics according to the Fleischner Society Glossary [21, 22] and peer-reviewed literature on viral pneumonia [13, 17] , such as ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, pleural thickening or adhesion, fibrosis, discrete nodules, cavitation, lymph node enlargement, pleural effusion, and bronchiectasis. In our study, the most common initial CT characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia of the two groups are ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, pleural thickening or adhesion, and mainly distributed in a subpleural area. abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the CT changes of different clinical types of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: This retrospective study included 50 patients with COVID-19 from 16 January 2020 to 25 February 2020. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, CT characteristics and the pneumonia involvement of the patients between the moderate group and the severe and critical group, and the dynamic changes of severity with the CT follow-up time. RESULTS: There were differences in the CT severity score of the right lung in the initial CT, and total CT severity score in the initial and follow-up CT between the moderate group and the severe and critical group (all p < 0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between total CT severity score and CT follow-up time in the severe and critical group (r(2) = 0.137, p = 0.008), the total CT severity score peaked at the second follow-up CT. There was no correlation between total CT severity score and CT follow-up time in the moderate group (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the occurrence rate of CT characteristics in the initial CT between the two groups (all p > 0.05). There were differences in the occurrence rate of ground-glass opacity and crazy-paving pattern in the second follow-up CT, and pleural thickening or adhesion in the third follow-up CT between the two groups (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CT changes of COVID-19 pneumonia with different severity were different, and the extent of pneumonia involvement by CT can help to assess the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia rather than the initial CT characteristics. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-020-00491-2 doi: 10.1186/s12880-020-00491-2 id: cord-269643-12qm4h9w author: Liu, Pai title: Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A “law of diminishing returns” date: 2020-07-17 words: 4902.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269643-12qm4h9w.txt summary: We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question "How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?" For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. Therefore, we term the period March 19-28 as the "latency period" (see the shaded area in Fig. 1) , and the period thereafter as "benefits manifestation period." Calibrating our model using baseline epidemiological data corresponding to the "latency period" enabled us to unbiasedly probe and address the question: How long and with what intensity does the US need to implement social distancing as a sustainable public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic? abstract: We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. We have developed an epidemic progression model involving the susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered dynamics, the age-stratified disease transmissibility, and the possible large-scale undocumented (i.e., asymptomatic and/or untested) transmission of COVID-19 taking place in the USA. Our analysis utilizes COVID-19 observational data in the USA between March 19 and 28, corresponding to the early stage of the epidemic when the impacts of social distancing on disease progression were yet to manifest. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question “How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?” For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity [Formula: see text] of social distancing. For a duration longer than two weeks, our findings highlight the diminishing marginal benefit of social distancing, characterized by a linear decrease in medical demands against an exponentially increasing social distancing duration. Long-term implementation of strict social distancing with [Formula: see text] could lead to the emergence of a second wave of infections due to a large residual susceptible population which highlights the need for contact tracing and isolation before re-opening of the economy. Finally, we investigate the scenario of intermittent social distancing and find an optimal social-to-no-distancing duration ratio of 5:1 corresponding to a sustainable reduction in medical demands. url: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013871 doi: 10.1063/5.0013871 id: cord-309001-erm705tg author: Liu, Q. title: Laboratory findings and a combined multifactorial approach to predict death in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study date: 2020-06-30 words: 3454.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309001-erm705tg.txt summary: To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. This single-centre, retrospective, observational study included adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan. Therefore, in this research study, we analysed the laboratory examination indicators of patients who died and hoped to find out the risk factors that could predict the outcome of death. abstract: To describe the laboratory findings of cases of death with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to establish a scoring system for predicting death, we conducted this single-centre, retrospective, observational study including 336 adult patients (≥18 years old) with severe or critically ill COVID-19 admitted in two wards of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, who had definite outcomes (death or discharge) between 1 February 2020 and 13 March 2020. Single variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify mortality-related factors. We combined multiple factors to predict mortality, which was validated by receiver operating characteristic curves. As a result, in a total of 336 patients, 34 (10.1%) patients died during hospitalisation. Through multivariable logistic regression, we found that decreased lymphocyte ratio (Lymr, %) (odds ratio, OR 0.574, P < 0.001), elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR 1.513, P = 0.009), and raised D-dimer (DD) (OR 1.334, P = 0.002) at admission were closely related to death. The combined prediction model was developed by these factors with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 97.2%. In conclusion, decreased Lymr, elevated BUN, and raised DD were found to be in association with death outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. A scoring system was developed to predict the clinical outcome of these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001442 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001442 id: cord-320647-a3wf2sl1 author: Liu, Qi title: Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 words: 1791.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320647-a3wf2sl1.txt summary: The confirmed cases and suspected cases before being excluded were assigned to the designated hospitals and wards, close contacts and suspicious exposure persons were isolated at designated places, such as homes, hotels; (2) all relevant medical staff were trained and enhanced hospitals'' ability of accommodating patients with COVID-19 infection or being suspicious of infection; (3) strictly adhered to the epidemic reporting scheme and made the information open to the public to make the public aware of what was dangerous, the rules of early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment must be strictly implemented, otherwise it would be punished according to relevant laws; (4) everyone was asked to suspend the Spring Festival holiday in advance, live on the spot and reduce the flow of people; prevention and control teams were set up in each community and village; the activity tracks and temperatures Effect of a bundle of intervention strategies for the control of COVID-19 in Henan, a neighboring province of. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in China (mainly in Wuhan, Hubei Province) at the end of December 2019. Henan province is located in the center of China, borders on Hubei province by land in the south with the nearest distance of 200 kilometers to Wuhan. As the inland provinces in mainland China, frequent communication in transportation and population flow make it difficult to confine the pandemic, which is similar to that in the landlocked countries in Europe. The expected cases in Henan were mainly imported. A bundle of intervention strategies were adopted from 26 January 2020 to cut off the spread between the infected patients and the native residents. The pandemic was controlled 2 month later after the bundle of strategies was adopted although the number of cases continued to increase explosively during the first 10 days. A total of 1273 cases were confirmed, 1251 patients were cured, 22 patients died, and 1 patient was still in hospital until 29 March 2020. The peak of daily increased cases was 109 cases. Our data show that COVID-19 is highly infectious and easy to cause an outbreak, but it can be controlled by early effective interventions. A bundle of strategies according to the specific situation of each country is suggested to be implemented as early as possible. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01688-9 doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01688-9 id: cord-284342-y9tq7o0v author: Liu, Qian title: Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study date: 2020-08-28 words: 2266.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284342-y9tq7o0v.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Serum amyloid A and IL‐6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID‐19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), SAA, and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in the healthy control group. 22, 23 In this study, we anaAccording to the novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosis and treatment plan (trial version 7), 20 we divided 84 patients into a nonsevere group and a severe group. In conclusion, SAA and IL-6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID-19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients out of Wuhan from China abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) play critical roles in inflammation and are used in clinical laboratories as indicators of inflammation‐related diseases. We aimed to provide potential laboratory basis for auxiliary distinguishing coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by monitoring above indicators. METHODS: A total of 84 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study. Baseline characteristics and laboratory results were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 in patients with COVID‐19, and independent risk factors for severity of COVID‐19 were assessed by using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The main clinical symptoms of patients with COVID‐19 were fever (98.8%), fatigue (61.9%), and dry cough (58.3%). SAA, IL‐6, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 (all P < .001), and compared with nonsevere patients, three indicators of severe patients were significantly elevated. Besides, combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 better separates healthy people from patients with COVID‐19 than detection of SAA or IL‐6 alone. In addition, elevated SAA, IL‐6, and NLR can be used as independent variables for predicting the severity of patients with COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Serum amyloid A and IL‐6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID‐19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860278/ doi: 10.1002/jcla.23527 id: cord-328267-tk0zc8il author: Liu, Qiao title: Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China date: 2020-08-28 words: 1667.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328267-tk0zc8il.txt summary: title: Collateral Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China We compared tuberculosis case notifications, tuberculosis treatment outcomes, and diagnostic screening for multidrug resistance (MDR) among tuberculosis patients from 2015-2020 before and after the Covid-19 pandemic began in China. We A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Discussion This is the first data from China reporting the potential indirect impact on tuberculosis control of the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, reductions in treatment completion and MDR screening during this time period suggest that both deterred health care seeking and community disease management are likely drivers of these trends. Our analysis suggests that collateral effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on tuberculosis control are substantial, with a reduction of 36%-52% in tuberculosis notifications in 2020 compared to 2015-2019. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic may impede global tuberculosis elimination goals. In Jiangsu Province, China, tuberculosis notifications dropped 52% in 2020 compared to 2015–2019. Treatment completion and screening for drug resistance decreased continuously in 2020. Urgent attention must be paid to tuberculosis control efforts during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857838/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1289 id: cord-309970-jkmjiika author: Liu, Qin title: From SARS to COVID-19: What lessons have we learned? date: 2020-08-21 words: 3421.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309970-jkmjiika.txt summary: On December 1, 2019, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China, and CoVs returned to public view. In this review, we systematically compare COVID-19 and SARS in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics and discuss the current treatment approaches, scientific advancements and Chinese experience in fighting the epidemic to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic. As the virus continued to spread, on March 11, 2020 , the WHO declared that COVID-19 is a pandemic disease, making this the first time that a coronavirus infection has been regarded as a global pandemic, in contrast to SARS in 2002, which did not reach this level. This paper summarizes the differences in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of SARS and COVID-19 during the two outbreaks, summarizes the lessons learned, and provides a comprehensive reference for the global epidemic prevention and treatment of reported in China and resulted in a large number of infections. abstract: Abstract After the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in November 2002, coronaviruses (CoVs) received worldwide attention. On December 1, 2019, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China, and CoVs returned to public view. On December 30, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO classified COVID-19 as a pandemic disease. As of July 31, 2020, COVID-19 has affected 216 countries and regions, with 17,064,064 confirmed cases and 668,073 deaths, and the number of new cases has been increasing daily. Additionally, on March 19, 2020, there were no new confirmed cases in China, providing hope and valuable experience for the international community. In this review, we systematically compare COVID-19 and SARS in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics and discuss the current treatment approaches, scientific advancements and Chinese experience in fighting the epidemic to combat the novel coronavirus pandemic. We also discuss the lessons that we have learned from COVID-19 and SARS. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.001 id: cord-297513-fxap5sw4 author: Liu, S. H. title: Time courses of COVID-19 infection and local variation in socioeconomic and health disparities in England date: 2020-05-29 words: 3504.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297513-fxap5sw4.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.20116921 doi: medRxiv preprint [14] ); employment deprivation (proportion of working-age population involuntarily excluded 102 from the labor market, calculated from claimants of various out-of-work social security 103 allowances: [14] ), healthy life expectancy (average number of years a person would expect to 104 live in good health based on contemporary mortality rates and prevalence of self-reported good 105 health); preventable mortality (age-standardized mortality rate from causes considered 106 preventable, per 100,000 people); pre-existing chronic health conditions (proportion of registered 107 patients with a general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of coronary heart disease, diabetes, 108 hypertension or obesity); self-reported physical activity (proportion of adults completing at least 109 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week); and nursing home admissions 110 (permanent admissions to residential and nursing care homes, per 100,000 people aged 65+). abstract: Objective: To identify factors associated with local variation in the time course of COVID-19 case burden in England. Methods: We analyzed laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case data for 150 upper tier local authorities, from the period from January 30 to May 6, 2020, as reported by Public Health England. Using methods suitable for time-series data, we identified clusters of local authorities with distinct trajectories of daily cases, after adjusting for population size. We then tested for differences in sociodemographic, economic, and health disparity factors between these clusters. Results: Two clusters of local authorities were identified: a higher case trajectory that rose faster over time to reach higher peak infection levels, and a lower case trajectory cluster that emerged more slowly, and had a lower peak. The higher case trajectory cluster (79 local authorities) had higher population density (p<0.001), higher proportion of Black and Asian residents (p=0.03; p=0.02), higher multiple deprivation scores (p<0.001), a lower proportions of older adults (p=0.005), and higher preventable mortality rates (p=0.03). Local authorities with higher proportions of Black residents were more likely to belong to the high case trajectory cluster, even after adjusting for population density, deprivation, proportion of older adults and preventable mortality (p=0.04). Conclusion: Areas belonging to the trajectory with significantly higher COVID-19 case burden were more deprived, and had higher proportions of ethnic minority residents. A higher proportion of Black residents in regions belonging to the high trajectory cluster was not fully explained by differences in population density, deprivation, and other overall health disparities between the clusters. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.20116921 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.29.20116921 id: cord-284598-ksoonwf9 author: Liu, Shan title: Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 1716.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284598-ksoonwf9.txt summary: The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells for treatment of ARDS: a phase 1 clinical trial Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment prevents H9N2 avian influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice In vivo effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in two patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide is becoming rapidly a major concern. The number of severe cases has increased dramatically worldwide, while specific treatment options are scarce. The main pathologic features of severe or critical COVID-19 were consistent with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by cellular fibromyxoid exudates, extensive pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, and hyaline membrane formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can balance the inflammatory response and has been mentioned to be effective on ALI/ARDS from both infectious and noninfectious causes previously, presenting an important opportunity to be applied to COVID-19. In this commentary, we summarize the clinical trials of MSCs treatments on ALI/ARDS and raise MSCs as a hopefully alternative therapy for severe or critical COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01678-8 doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01678-8 id: cord-170666-zjwlmzj3 author: Liu, Shinan title: Characterizing Service Provider Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-11-01 words: 5176.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-170666-zjwlmzj3.txt summary: We study three questions: (1)How did traffic demands change in the United States as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic?; (2)What effects have these changes had on Internet performance?; (3)How did service providers respond to these changes? The changes in usage patterns have resulted in corresponding changes in network traffic demands observed by Internet service providers. Although there have been several preliminary measurements of the effects of the COVID-19 response, none have holistically studied traffic data, performance analysis, routing data, and ISP capacity information together, as we do in this paper. We focus on the capacity changes during lockdown by inspecting two data sources: (1) to understand how ISPs responded by adding capacity to interconnects, we study the interconnect capacity of two large ISPs in the United States; and (2) to understand how video service providers expanded their network footprints in response to increasing demand, we analyze IPv4 address space from two major video conference providers-WebEx and Zoom-and find that both providers substantially increased advertised IP address space. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic changes to the daily habits of billions of people. Users increasingly have to rely on home broadband Internet access for work, education, and other activities. These changes have resulted in corresponding changes to Internet traffic patterns. This paper aims to characterize the effects of these changes with respect to Internet service providers in the United States. We study three questions: (1)How did traffic demands change in the United States as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic?; (2)What effects have these changes had on Internet performance?; (3)How did service providers respond to these changes? We study these questions using data from a diverse collection of sources. Our analysis of interconnection data for two large ISPs in the United States shows a 30-60% increase in peak traffic rates in the first quarter of 2020. In particular, we observe traffic downstream peak volumes for a major ISP increase of 13-20% while upstream peaks increased by more than 30%. Further, we observe significant variation in performance across ISPs in conjunction with the traffic volume shifts, with evident latency increases after stay-at-home orders were issued, followed by a stabilization of traffic after April. Finally, we observe that in response to changes in usage, ISPs have aggressively augmented capacity at interconnects, at more than twice the rate of normal capacity augmentation. Similarly, video conferencing applications have increased their network footprint, more than doubling their advertised IP address space. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00419v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-035307-r74ovkbd author: Liu, Shuchang title: Attitudes towards Wildlife Consumption inside and outside Hubei Province, China, in Relation to the SARS and COVID-19 Outbreaks date: 2020-11-11 words: 4133.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035307-r74ovkbd.txt summary: Our study results indicate over the period between the SARS epidemic to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes towards the consumption of wildlife in China have changed significantly. Therefore, our aim in this study was to determine changes in attitudes towards wildlife consumption in Chinese adults in relation to the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks with a particular focus on Hubei Province. abstract: We designed a self-administered 20-item questionnaire to determine changes in attitudes towards wildlife consumption in Chinese adults during the SARS epidemic in 2002–2003 and on-going COVID-19 pandemic that was first identified in December 2019. A total of 348 adults (177 males and 171 females) with a mean age of 29.4 ± 8.5 years participated, the majority (66.7%) from Hubei. The percentages of participants who had eaten wildlife significantly decreased from 27.0% during SARS to 17.8% during COVID-19 (P = 0.032). The most common reason participants provided for consuming wildlife was to try something novel (64.9% during SARS and 54.8% during COVID-19). More than half of participants (≥53.5%) reported that they had stopped eating wildlife meat because most species of wildlife are legally protected. Our study results indicate over the period between the SARS epidemic to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes towards the consumption of wildlife in China have changed significantly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657065/ doi: 10.1007/s10745-020-00199-5 id: cord-258242-xblxjlb5 author: Liu, Tengwen title: Systems Pharmacology and Verification of ShenFuHuang Formula in Zebrafish Model Reveal Multi-Scale Treatment Strategy for Septic Syndrome in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 words: 5215.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258242-xblxjlb5.txt summary: Recent studies reported that many critically ill COVID-19 patients developed typical septic syndrome, including inflammatory injury, immune dysfunction, coagulation disorder, and multiple organ failure (Bellinvia et al., 2020; Coronado et al., 2020; . Current studies reported that severe COVID-19 patients with septic syndrome mainly showed abnormal pathological features, including virus infection and tissue damage, excessive inflammation in early stage but immune suppression in late stage, and coagulation dysfunction . Since the data of systems pharmacology illustrated that SFH may regulate several key targets and biological processes of sepsis, such as PPARG in inflammatory response, GSK3b and MAPK14 in cell proliferation, and PTGS2 in coagulation, we hypothesized that SFH improves the condition of critically ill COVID-19 patients with septic syndrome by ameliorating lung injury, suppressing excessive inflammation but enhancing the capacity of pathogen phagocytosis and killing, and improving the function of blood coagulation. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide. Critically ill COVID-19 patients develop viral septic syndrome, including inflammatory damage, immune dysfunction, and coagulation disorder. In this study, we investigated ShenFuHuang formula (SFH), a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been widely used as complementary therapy for clinical treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, to understand its pharmacological properties. Results of systems pharmacology identified 49 active compounds of SFH and their 69 potential targets, including GSK3β, ESR1, PPARG, PTGS2, AKR1B10, and MAPK14. Network analysis illustrated that the targets of SFH may be involved in viral disease, bacterial infection/mycosis, and metabolic disease. Moreover, signaling pathway analysis showed that Toll-like receptors, MAPK, PPAR, VEGF, NOD-like receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways are highly connected with the potential targets of SFH. We further employed multiple zebrafish models to confirm the pharmacological effects of SFH. Results showed that SFH treatment significantly inhibited the inflammatory damage by reducing the generation of neutrophils in Poly (I:C)-induced viral infection model. Moreover, SFH treatment could improve the phagocytosis of macrophages and enhance the expression of immune genes in an immune deficiency model. Furthermore, SFH treatment exhibited promising anti-thrombosis effect in a thrombus model. This study provided additional evidence of SFH formula for treating COVID-19 patients with septic syndrome using multiple-scale estimation. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.584057 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584057 id: cord-273416-332stbjl author: Liu, Tianyuan title: Transcriptional differences for COVID-19 Disease Map genes between males and females indicate a different basal immunophenotype relevant to the disease date: 2020-10-01 words: 2739.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273416-332stbjl.txt summary: We created DeCovid, an R shiny app that combines gene expression data of different human tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and the COVID-19 Disease Map gene collection to explore basal gene expression differences across healthy demographic groups. In this paper, we present the DeCovid app, a Shiny app, to explore basal expression level differences in COVID-19 disease map genes between men and women and different age groups. The DeCovid shiny app combines a selection of human tissue specific GTEx data with the COVID-19 Disease Map database to allow quick exploration of basal gene expression values and differences in the healthy human population for genes described to be important for COVID-19. Here we present the DeCovid app as a resource to explore sex and age differential expression patterns in the healthy population for genes described to be involved in COVID-19 disease pathways. abstract: Worldwide COVID-19 epidemiology data indicate clear differences in disease incidence among sex and age groups. Specifically, male patients are at a higher death risk than females. However, whether this difference is the consequence of a pre-existing sex-bias in immune genes or a differential response to the virus has not been studied yet. We created DeCovid, an R shiny app that combines gene expression data of different human tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and the COVID-19 Disease Map gene collection to explore basal gene expression differences across healthy demographic groups. We used this app to study differential gene expression between men and women for COVID-19 associated genes. We identified that healthy women present higher levels in the expression of interferon genes and the JAK-STAT pathway leading to cell survival. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.321059 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.30.321059 id: cord-321983-566pbuic author: Liu, Wei title: Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-02-28 words: 3806.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321983-566pbuic.txt summary: All patients were evaluated and clinically typed upon admission, according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia version 4 (trial)." [5] Specific clinical types included: (1) common: fever, respiratory tract infection symptoms, and so on, with imaging indicating pneumonia; (2) severe (any of the following conditions): I, respiratory distress, RR ≥30 breaths/min; II, oxygen saturation 93% at rest; III, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 )/fraction of inspired oxygen 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); (3) critical (any of the following conditions): I, respiratory failure and a requirement for mechanical ventilation; II, shock; III, concomitant failure of other organs and requirement for ICU monitoring and treatment. After 2 weeks of hospitalization, disease evaluation and clinical typing were performed on all patients according to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia version 4 (trial)." [5] All patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group based on clinical typing results. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since early December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the progression of pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Associated results will be used to evaluate the prognosis and to find the optimal treatment regimens for COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Patients tested positive for the COVID-19 based on nucleic acid detection were included in this study. Patients were admitted to 3 tertiary hospitals in Wuhan between December 30, 2019, and January 15, 2020. Individual data, laboratory indices, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and statistical analysis was performed. Based on clinical typing results, the patients were divided into a progression group or an improvement/stabilization group. Continuous variables were analyzed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for disease progression. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Efficacy evaluation at 2 weeks after hospitalization indicated that 11 patients (14.1%) had deteriorated, and 67 patients (85.9%) had improved/stabilized. The patients in the progression group were significantly older than those in the disease improvement/stabilization group (66 [51, 70] vs. 37 [32, 41] years, U = 4.932, P = 0.001). The progression group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with a history of smoking than the improvement/stabilization group (27.3% vs. 3.0%, χ(2) = 9.291, P = 0.018). For all the 78 patients, fever was the most common initial symptom, and the maximum body temperature at admission was significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (38.2 [37.8, 38.6] vs. 37.5 [37.0, 38.4]°C, U = 2.057, P = 0.027). Moreover, the proportion of patients with respiratory failure (54.5% vs. 20.9%, χ(2) = 5.611, P = 0.028) and respiratory rate (34 [18, 48] vs. 24 [16, 60] breaths/min, U = 4.030, P = 0.004) were significantly higher in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group. C-reactive protein was significantly elevated in the progression group compared to the improvement/stabilization group (38.9 [14.3, 64.8] vs. 10.6 [1.9, 33.1] mg/L, U = 1.315, P = 0.024). Albumin was significantly lower in the progression group than in the improvement/stabilization group (36.62 ± 6.60 vs. 41.27 ± 4.55 g/L, U = 2.843, P = 0.006). Patients in the progression group were more likely to receive high-level respiratory support than in the improvement/stabilization group (χ(2) = 16.01, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR], 8.546; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.628–44.864; P = 0.011), history of smoking (OR, 14.285; 95% CI: 1.577–25.000; P = 0.018), maximum body temperature at admission (OR, 8.999; 95% CI: 1.036–78.147, P = 0.046), respiratory failure (OR, 8.772, 95% CI: 1.942–40.000; P = 0.016), albumin (OR, 7.353, 95% CI: 1.098–50.000; P = 0.003), and C-reactive protein (OR, 10.530; 95% CI: 1.224−34.701, P = 0.028) were risk factors for disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors that led to the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, including age, history of smoking, maximum body temperature at admission, respiratory failure, albumin, C-reactive protein. These results can be used to further enhance the ability of management of COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118640/ doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000775 id: cord-343870-g2v7ihud author: Liu, Wei title: Virus-, host-, immune-based targets for COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-10-06 words: 1716.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343870-g2v7ihud.txt summary: Anti-viral agents against different targets had exhibited profound therapeutic effect on SARS-CoV-2 through which the clinicians were able to control the COVID-19 outbreak. Clinicians worldwide have been voraciously seeking for a potential anti-COVID-19 drug of all modules such as vaccines; targetspecific monoclonal antibodies; viral oligonucleotide-based peptide drugs; interferons and other small bio-actives [2] . S protein being the crucial protein facilitating the SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host has been preferred as a potential therapeutic target of interests as it could be spliced into two individual peptides by the furin-like proteases [5] . The other novel drug-like K22 that inhibits the viral-dependent RNA synthesis exhibited strong anti-replicative activity against the coronaviruses in an in-vitro set-up. Stimulation of innate immune response is crucial for controlling the SARS-CoV-2 replication and its virulence on the infected hosts [8] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33035666/ doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.001 id: cord-308303-tgpqnoq2 author: Liu, X. title: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment date: 2020-04-28 words: 4572.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308303-tgpqnoq2.txt summary: Medical records, including demographic, platelet counts, heparin-involved treatments, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-(HIT) related laboratory tests, and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients were analyzed and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. These results suggested that severe thrombocytopenia with progressively platelet count decrease occurred in most critical COVID-19 patients before a fatal outcome. 26 Although the platelet activation assay was not performed because of the limited capacity of Huoshenshan Hospital, current results still strongly suggested that HIT or spontaneous HIT, induced by the virus or a secondary bacterial infection, may occur in COVID-19, which would be significantly boosted and aggravated by further heparin exposure with a high dose, thereby resulting in a fatal outcome. Notably, HIT antibodies and a progressive decrease in PLT were also detected in heparin-naïve patients (i.e., before CRRT or other heparin exposure), even in non-ICU patients (figure 4B), indicating the occurrence of spontaneous HIT in COVID-19 patients, which probably results from virus itself or a secondary bacterial infection, such as PF4-conjugated Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, or severe tissue damage. abstract: Background Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a global pandemic. It is essential to investigate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and uncover potential risk factors for severe disease to reduce the overall mortality rate of COVID-19. Methods Sixty-one critical COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 93 severe non-ICU patients at Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) were included in this study. Medical records, including demographic, platelet counts, heparin-involved treatments, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia-(HIT) related laboratory tests, and fatal outcomes of COVID-19 patients were analyzed and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Findings Sixty-one critical COVID-19 patients treated in ICU included 15 survivors and 46 nonsurvivors. Forty-one percent of them (25/61) had severe thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count (PLT) less than 50x109/L, of whom 76% (19/25) had a platelet decrease of >50% compared to baseline; 96% of these patients (24/25) had a fatal outcome. Among the 46 nonsurvivors, 52.2% (24/46) had severe thrombocytopenia, compared to 6.7% (1/15) among survivors. Moreover, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) could induce a significant decrease in PLT in 81.3% of critical CRRT patients (13/16), resulting in a fatal outcome. In addition, a high level of anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies, a marker of HIT, was observed in most ICU patients. Surprisingly, HIT occurred not only in patients with heparin exposure, such as CRRT, but also in heparin-naive patients, suggesting that spontaneous HIT may occur in COVID-19. Interpretation Anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies are induced in critical COVID-19 patients, resulting in a progressive platelet decrease. Exposure to a high dose of heparin may trigger further severe thrombocytopenia with a fatal outcome. An alternative anticoagulant other than heparin should be used to treat COVID-19 patients in critical condition. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.23.20076851v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076851 id: cord-270249-miys1fve author: Liu, Xianbo title: COVID-19: data-driven dynamics, statistical and distributed delay models, and observations date: 2020-08-06 words: 8122.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270249-miys1fve.txt summary: Based on the parameter identification approach described in this section, the COVID-19 infection dynamics for several countries from North America, South America, Europe, and Asia is found to be captured well by using the generalized logistic function Fig. 4 . By contrast, the outcome of composite global model shown in Fig. 9 , which is comprised of 148 identified sub-models, matches the worldwide COVID-19 data with good consistency for both the total number of infection cases and daily increments. The quarantine rate ζ and the infection rate β are the only two parameters that the authors can use to control against the spreading of the virus in the improved SEIQR model with distributed time delays, given by Eqs. (iii) Based on the data-driven COVID-19 dynamics studied with the distributed delay model, it is evident the measures taken in countries such as China and South Korea were effective in dropping the reproduction number R 1 to be below 0.5. abstract: COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Here, the dynamics of this epidemic is studied by using a generalized logistic function model and extended compartmental models with and without delays. For a chosen population, it is shown as to how forecasting may be done on the spreading of the infection by using a generalized logistic function model, which can be interpreted as a basic compartmental model. In an extended compartmental model, which is a modified form of the SEIQR model, the population is divided into susceptible, exposed, infectious, quarantined, and removed (recovered or dead) compartments, and a set of delay integral equations is used to describe the system dynamics. Time-varying infection rates are allowed in the model to capture the responses to control measures taken, and distributed delay distributions are used to capture variability in individual responses to an infection. The constructed extended compartmental model is a nonlinear dynamical system with distributed delays and time-varying parameters. The critical role of data is elucidated, and it is discussed as to how the compartmental model can be used to capture responses to various measures including quarantining. Data for different parts of the world are considered, and comparisons are also made in terms of the reproductive number. The obtained results can be useful for furthering the understanding of disease dynamics as well as for planning purposes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836818/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05863-5 id: cord-329766-9bwdb6o2 author: Liu, Xiaofan title: Temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients: relationship to disease severity and viral clearance date: 2020-06-24 words: 3185.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329766-9bwdb6o2.txt summary: To investigate the diagnostic value of the temporal radiographic changes, and the relationship to disease severity and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10) (p = 3.56 × 10 (−12)), with more frequency of consolidation (p = 0.025) and air bronchogram (p = 7.50 × 10(−6)). www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ our knowledge, at present, there is limited standardised method to predict which infected patient will remain moderately symptomatic and which will progress to more severe disease as well as viral clearance. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5; IQR range: 19 ~ 31.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10; IQR range: 7 ~ 16) (p = 3.556 × 10 −12 ) (Table 1; Fig. 3C ), with more frequency of consolidation (84.4% vs. abstract: COVID-19 is “public enemy number one” and has placed an enormous burden on health authorities across the world. Given the wide clinical spectrum of COVID-19, understanding the factors that can predict disease severity will be essential since this will help frontline clinical staff to stratify patients with increased confidence. To investigate the diagnostic value of the temporal radiographic changes, and the relationship to disease severity and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 99 patients admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, with laboratory confirmed moderate or severe COVID-19. Temporal radiographic changes and viral clearance were explored using appropriate statistical methods. Radiographic features from HRCT scans included ground-glass opacity, consolidation, air bronchogram, nodular opacities and pleural effusion. The HRCT scores (peak) during disease course in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia (median: 24.5) were higher compared to those with pneumonia (median: 10) (p = 3.56 × 10 (−12)), with more frequency of consolidation (p = 0.025) and air bronchogram (p = 7.50 × 10(−6)). The median values of days when the peak HRCT scores were reached in pneumonia or severe pneumonia patients were 12 vs. 14, respectively (p = 0.048). Log-rank test and Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation suggested temporal radiographic changes as a valuable predictor for viral clearance. In addition, follow up CT scans from 11 pneumonia patients showed full recovery. Given the values of HRCT scores for both disease severity and viral clearance, a standardised HRCT score system for COVID-19 is highly demanded. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32581324/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66895-w id: cord-273505-pcsw3vmx author: Liu, Xiaosheng title: High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects date: 2020-07-14 words: 10764.0 sentences: 515.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273505-pcsw3vmx.txt summary: Based on the previous clinical experience in China, it was proposed that early initiation of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and low-molecular-weight heparin might be effective in improving the prognosis of severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients (16, 17) . The substantial increase in IgG concentration may saturate FcRn and reduce the half-life of pathogenic antibodies, contributing to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of high-dose IVIg. A balance between activating and inhibitory FcγRs is critical for a well-regulated immune response, and a disbalance markedly influences immunopathology in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Based on these potential supportive F(ab) ′ 2 and Fc mediated mechanisms and the known clinical effects in treating severe virus pneumonia such as SARS, MERS, influenza, and RSV disease, the early application of high-dose IVIg therapy may be considered in the management of severe COVID-19 patients. abstract: The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for severe COVID-19 remains unknown. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood product pooled from healthy donors with high concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and has been used in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases for more than 30 years. In this review, we aim to highlight the known mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of high-dose IVIg therapy, the immunopathological hypothesis of viral pneumonia, and the clinical evidence of IVIg therapy in viral pneumonia. We then make cautious therapeutic inferences about high-dose IVIg therapy in treating severe COVID-19. These inferences may provide relevant and useful insights in order to aid treatment for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660 id: cord-317058-anvmj4li author: Liu, Xinkui title: Analysis of clinical features and early warning signs in patients with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-26 words: 3364.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317058-anvmj4li.txt summary: Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that patients aged ≥63 years (odds ratio = 41.0; 95% CI: 2.8, 592.4), with an absolute lymphocyte value of ≤1.02×10(9)/L (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% CI = 1.5, 25.2) and a C-reactive protein level of ≥65.08mg/L (odds ratio = 8.9; 95% CI = 1.0, 74.2) were at a higher risk of severe illness. Our study indicates that age, the absolute lymphocyte count at initial visit, and CRP may be used as predictors during the early stage of diagnosis in patients who are at risk of developing severe COVID-19. Although this study has some limitations, including a small sample size, few variables included in the multivariate analysis, a retrospective cohort design, and limited data collected from medical records, the results of our study indicate that older age, a decreased lymphocyte count on admission, and an increased concentration of serum CRP could serve as early warning signs in patients who are at risk of developing severe COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although previous studies have described the clinical aspects of COVID-19, few studies have focused on the early detection of severe COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the predictors of severe COVID-19 and to compare clinical features between patients with severe COVID-19 and those with less severe COVID-19. Patients admitted to designated hospital in the Henan Province of China who were either discharged or died prior to February 15, 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. Additionally, patients who underwent at least one of the following treatments were assigned to the severe group: continuous renal replacement therapy, high-flow oxygen absorption, noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The remaining patients were assigned to the non-severe group. Demographic information, initial symptoms, and first visit examination results were collected from the electronic medical records and compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of severe COVID-19. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify a threshold for each predictor. Altogether,104 patients were enrolled in our study with 30 and 74 patients in the severe and non-severe groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that patients aged ≥63 years (odds ratio = 41.0; 95% CI: 2.8, 592.4), with an absolute lymphocyte value of ≤1.02×10(9)/L (odds ratio = 6.1; 95% CI = 1.5, 25.2) and a C-reactive protein level of ≥65.08mg/L (odds ratio = 8.9; 95% CI = 1.0, 74.2) were at a higher risk of severe illness. Thus, our results could be helpful in the early detection of patients at risk for severe illness, enabling the implementation of effective interventions and likely lowering the morbidity of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32589691/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235459 id: cord-341976-yts6pzn3 author: Liu, Xintian title: Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-06 words: 3062.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341976-yts6pzn3.txt summary: title: Serum IgM against SARS-CoV-2 correlates with in-hospital mortality in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study to investigate the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and clinical outcomes in severe/critical patients with COVID-19. Specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM against SARS-CoV or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) became detectable in patients as early as 11-15 days post illness onset [11, 12] . AGING Additionally, the titers of IgM and IgG were significantly correlated with viral load in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 in a recent finding [14] , which promoted the hypothesis that specific antibody against virus might be associated with disease progression in COVID-19. In this retrospective cohort study, IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 in severe/critical patients with COVID-19 were profiled, and relationship between antibody titers AGING and outcomes was also assessed. abstract: Severe/critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become the central issue in the current global pandemic due to their high mortality rate. However, the relationship between antibody response and clinical outcomes has not been well described in this group. We conducted a single-center, retrospective, cohort study to investigate the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and clinical outcomes in severe/critical patients with COVID-19. Seventy-nine severe/critical patients with COVID-19 admitted in Wuhan Asia General Hospital in Wuhan, China during January 22, 2020 to March 6, 2020 were included. Serum antibodies were measured at day 25 (SD, 7) post illness onset. The median IgG titer was 113 (IQR 81-167) AU/ml, and IgM titer was 50 (IQR, 23-105) AU/ml. Patients whose IgM titer ≥ 50 AU/ml had higher in-hospital mortality (p=0.026). IgM titer ≥ 50 AU/ml was also correlated with higher incidences of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis shock. Antibody remeasurements were performed in 42 patients, where IgM titer declined significantly in survivors (p=0.031). Serum IgM titer changes according to the COVID-19 progression. The severe/critical patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of clinical adverse events when IgM titer ≥ 50 AU/ml. Further decreasing of IgM could imply a better outcome in severe/critical cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32628642/ doi: 10.18632/aging.103417 id: cord-318367-8xrjddwy author: Liu, Xiucheng title: An especial transition phase of hospitals: the adaptation of hospital operations to the development of COVID-19 and policy adjustments date: 2020-09-21 words: 1596.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318367-8xrjddwy.txt summary: Therefore, gradually promoting hospital operations and functions back to the new normal is important, especially when this outbreak has been effectively controlled. Normalizing hospital operations too early may increase the risk of exposure and cross-contamination, which may have a catastrophic effect on both the elderly patients and medical staff. Indeed, the fear of being infected in hospitals, "stay at home" policies, and emergency measures taken by hospitals, such as delaying elective operations and non-urgent radiological scans, have inevitably caused adverse consequences on the treatment modalities and day-to-day care of patients with chronic underlying conditions. For instance, after the epidemic was well controlled, some patients scheduled for surgery, including those with lung cancer and valvular heart diseases, voluntarily rescheduled their procedure at The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical staff, especially those in the front-line of the epidemic, have endured enormous work-load and psychological pressure [6, 7] . abstract: The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) remains a significant issue for global health, economics, and society. In order to balance epidemic control and economic recovery, many countries have successively announced the gradual relaxation of some lockdown restrictions. Hospitals and medical staff constitute the backbone in this war against COVID-19. In response to this serious situation, many hospitals went into emergency and impaired healthcare access to patients with conditions other than COVID-19. Therefore, gradually promoting hospital operations and functions back to the new normal is important, especially when this outbreak has been effectively controlled. In this study, we introduce existing and potential problems that could seriously affect people’s health. Additionally, we propose that an especial transition phase between the emergency and regular modes of hospitals can be well adapted to the current situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00891-4 doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00891-4 id: cord-353484-q7d0ysbo author: Liu, Xue title: COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination date: 2020-06-19 words: 8557.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353484-q7d0ysbo.txt summary: Given the urgency of the outbreak, we focus here on recent advances in the diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 infection, helping to guide strategies to address the current COVID-19 pandemic. Another type of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that detects the presence of viral antigens expressed by SARS-CoV-2 virus in a respiratory tract sample is of low complexity and may provide results typically within 30 minutes [68, 69] . Studies in Vero E6 cells have suggested that favipiravir can cripple the SARS-CoV-2 virus (EC50 = 61.88 μM) [88] , and patients with COVID-19 are being recruited in randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of favipiravir plus other antivirals (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov: ChiCTR2000029600, ChiCTR2000029544). As no specific therapeutic agents or vaccines are available for COVID-19, this therapy is the only strategy that is immediately available for use to prevent and treat a novel, emerging infectious disease such as SARS-CoV-2 infection [121, 122] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently become a pandemic. As the sudden emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 is endangering global health and the economy, the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. At present, various diagnostic kits to test for SARS-CoV-2 are available for use to initiate appropriate treatment faster and to limit further spread of the virus. Several drugs have demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 or potential clinical benefits. In addition, institutions and companies worldwide are working tirelessly to develop treatments and vaccines against COVID-19. However, no drug or vaccine has yet been specifically approved for COVID-19. Given the urgency of the outbreak, we focus here on recent advances in the diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 infection, helping to guide strategies to address the current COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.47987 doi: 10.7150/thno.47987 id: cord-302800-852w35od author: Liu, Xuebing title: Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China date: 2020-04-19 words: 3602.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302800-852w35od.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302800-852w35od.txt summary: With these challenges in mind, we performed a comprehensive retrospective investigation of the clinical features of 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia who were suspected to have COVID-19 at a mental health hospital in Hubei Province, China. When patients in this mental health hospital showed the onset of respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough and/or new abnormal chest CT findings, they were transferred to the isolation wards as COVID-19 suspected cases. Meanwhile 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia in the general ward who were not suspected to have COVID-19 (clean group) from a mental health hospital in Yichang (also in Hubei Province, 300 km away from Wuhan) were recruited using a convenience sampling method. In this retrospective study, we described the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia General Psychiatry who were suspected to have COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, and provided an overview of the COVID-19 suspected patients in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China. AIM: To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China. METHODS: 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 (COVID-19 suspected group) in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia (clean group) in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020. We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups. RESULTS: Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020. The mean age (SD) of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1 (2.6). 12 (57.1%) patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms. 14 (66.7%) patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings. By 21 February, one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19. Even though the remaining 20 (95.2%) were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests, 11 (52.4%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases. Compared with patients in the clean group, patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress, depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic. Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances, which should be appropriately managed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420523/ doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100222 id: cord-281990-x5nql0cw author: Liu, Y. title: Association between epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection and ABO blood group types date: 2020-07-15 words: 3601.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281990-x5nql0cw.txt summary: Growth rate and doubling time of infection and death cases, reproductive number, infection and death cases in the mid-exponential phase were analyzed in relation to blood type distribution. Discussion: Covid-19 infection is significantly associated with blood type distribution and people with blood type A are more susceptible to Covid-19 infection and have higher epidemic dynamics and higher case fatality rate. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the distribution of blood group types and the epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection based on analyses of big data that cover worldwide population majority. We thus conducted this study based on the worldwide available big data trying to ascertain an association between the distribution of blood types and Covid-19 infection dynamics. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 Comparison of the Covid-19 infection epidemic dynamics between higher and lower blood type A population. abstract: Background: Covid-19 pandemic is the most critical challenge nowadays for the manhood, and the infection and death cases are still speedily increasing. Since there are no available vaccine and specifically effective treatment, to break the infectious way of the pandemic remains the unique measure to efficiently combat Covid-19 infection. Understanding factors that affect the Covid-19 infection can help make better balance between activity restriction and infection dynamics. This study sought to investigate association between Covid-19 infection and blood type distribution. Methods: The big data provided by World Health Organization and Johns Hopkins University were taken to assess epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection. Growth rate and doubling time of infection and death cases, reproductive number, infection and death cases in the mid-exponential phase were analyzed in relation to blood type distribution. Results: Growth rate of infection and death cases correlated significantly to blood type A proportion of the population positively while to blood type B proportion negatively. In comparison with lower blood type A population (< 30%) people with higher blood type A ([≥] 30%) had more infection and death cases in the early exponential phase, higher growth rates, and shorter case doubling time for infection and death. Discussion: Covid-19 infection is significantly associated with blood type distribution and people with blood type A are more susceptible to Covid-19 infection and have higher epidemic dynamics and higher case fatality rate. The results of this study provide important and useful information for fighting Covid-19 pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.20152074v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 id: cord-274282-hvx5m2bx author: Liu, Yang title: Association between ages and clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-27 words: 1540.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274282-hvx5m2bx.txt summary: This study showed that clinical features and prognosis of the disease vary among patients of different ages and a thorough assessment of age may help clinicians worldwide to establish risk stratification for all COVID-19 patients. However, the ages related clinical characteristics, diseases courses and outcomes other than death in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. A unified observation endpoint date was set (March 7, 2020) in our study, primary outcome of the disease course and second outcome of respiratory failure rate for all COVID-19 patients in both groups were compared. In this study, we demonstrated that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 221 COVID-19 patients were closely related to the different ages. In conclusion, the clinical features and prognosis of the disease vary among patients of different ages and a thorough assessment of age may help clinicians worldwide to establish risk stratification for all COVID-19 patients. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Age significantly determined the clinical features and prognosis of the disease. The prognosis was worse in patients older than 60 years, calling for clinicians to pay more attention to patients on this special age. https://bit.ly/34DTI05 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32312864/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.01112-2020 id: cord-295068-2q3ts04l author: Liu, Yang title: Prominent coagulation disorder is closely related to inflammatory response and could be as a prognostic indicator for ICU patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 3358.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295068-2q3ts04l.txt summary: Our results showed that the prolonged PT, FDP, DD were positively correlated with the levels of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, multi-inflammation cytokines, and negatively correlated with the lymphocytes level (p < 0.01). In conclusion, blood coagulation disorder was prominent in ICU patients with COVID-19 and was correlated with multi-inflammation factors. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of the blood coagulation system abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 and discussing the characteristics, influencing factors, and its prognosis. The coagulation parameters, including the prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (Fib), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), DD (d-dimer) and antithrombin III (ATIII) were performed using the Stago STA-R automatic blood coagulation analyzer (Stago, France). As shown in Supplementary Table 1 , the prolonged PT, FDP and d-dimer were positively correlated with the level of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, and multi-inflammation cytokines, and negatively correlated with the lymphocytes level. abstract: The new outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious global public health concern. A more in-depth study of blood coagulation abnormality is needed. We retrospectively analyzed 147 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to three ICUs in Wuhan from February 9th, 2020 to March 20th, 2020. The baseline coagulation and other characteristics were studied. Our results showed that the prolonged PT, FDP, DD were positively correlated with the levels of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, multi-inflammation cytokines, and negatively correlated with the lymphocytes level (p < 0.01). The level of ATIII was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of neutrophils, ferritin, LDH, total bilirubin, IL2R, IL6 and IL8 (p < 0.05). The patients in the ARDS group had a more prominent abnormality in PT, FDP, DD and ATIII, while the patients in the AKI group had more prolonged PT, more severe FDP and DD level, more inferior ATIII and Fib level than those in the non-AKI group (p < 0.01). The value of PT, DD and FDP were positively correlated with the classical APACHE II, SOFA and qSOFA scores, while the ATIII was negatively correlated with them (p < 0.001). The high levels of PT, FDP and DD were correlated with in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001). In conclusion, blood coagulation disorder was prominent in ICU patients with COVID-19 and was correlated with multi-inflammation factors. The abnormality of blood coagulation parameters could be an adverse prognostic indicator for ICU patients with COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-020-02174-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02174-9 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02174-9 id: cord-295324-t1zvz1zg author: Liu, Yin title: Mental Health Status of Paediatric Medical Workers in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-07-21 words: 3349.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295324-t1zvz1zg.txt summary: Males, doctors, individuals aged between 31‑60 years, those with senior job titles, those who had contact with patients with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, those who worked on the clinical frontlines fighting the epidemic and those who had experience combating similar outbreaks were more likely to have depression, anxiety or stress symptoms. Previous studies have shown that during and after the outbreak of SARS in 2003, medical workers suffered from different degrees of psychological distress, such as stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, due to a lack of mental health care. In this study, 2031 paediatric medical workers in China were surveyed to understand the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among such workers during the epidemic in order to provide a scientific basis for psychological protection and intervention. Sociodemographic characteristics included gender, age, identity (doctor/nurse), professional title, education, health condition, area of work during the coronavirus outbreak, experience with similar public health events and frontline anti-epidemic personnel status (exposure to patients with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19). abstract: BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has occurred in China, and national medical workers have been thrown into this silent battle. Paediatric medical workers have been an important part of this battle and under enormous pressure. This paper evaluates the depression, anxiety, and stress of paediatric medical staff during the epidemic and examines related impact factors. METHODS: We conducted this study using online questionnaires via social networking software during the week of Feb. 17 to Feb. 23, 2020. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), which is a revised, simplified version of the original DASS developed by Lovibond et al., was used in this study. RESULTS: Among all 2,031 respondents, 14.81%, 18.3%, and 9.98% had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. Males, doctors, individuals aged between 31‑60 years, those with senior job titles, those who had contact with patients with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19, those who worked on the clinical frontlines fighting the epidemic and those who had experience combating similar outbreaks were more likely to have depression, anxiety or stress symptoms. Respondents in Beijing and Chongqing had lower negative psychological symptom scores than the national average. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 outbreak, depression, anxiety and stress are present to varying degrees among paediatric medical workers across the country. Psychological crisis interventions should be implemented to protect the mental health of paediatric medical workers during and after the epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32792998/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00702 id: cord-281891-qucjw8q1 author: Liu, Yu title: The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study date: 2020-10-07 words: 4124.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281891-qucjw8q1.txt summary: title: The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study As breathing relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality, anxiety, and depression, the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training (DBRT) for improving sleep quality among nurses in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion DBRT is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety among first-line nurses involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. In the current study, our aim was to investigate the effects of DBRT on sleep quality, anxiety, and depression of first-line nurses fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan, To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of DBRT in first-line nurses during the COVID-19 endemic, in terms of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. abstract: Objectives Recent studies have demonstrated that first-line nurses involved in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis may experience sleep disturbances. As breathing relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality, anxiety, and depression, the current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training (DBRT) for improving sleep quality among nurses in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This study used a quasi-experimental (before and after) intervention strategy, with 151 first-line nurses from four wards in Leishenshan hospital. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to evaluate the effectiveness of DBRT before and after the intervention. Data were examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, and paired t-test. Results A total of 140 nurses completed the DBRT sessions. First-line nurses achieved significant reductions in global sleep quality (p<0.01), subjective sleep quality (p<0.001), sleep latency (p<0.01), sleep duration (p<0.001), sleep disturbances (p<0.001), habitual sleep efficiency (p=0.015), daytime dysfunction (p=0.001), and anxiety (p=0.001). There were no significant reductions in the use of sleeping medication (p=0.134) and depression (p=0.359). Conclusion DBRT is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety among first-line nurses involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. The study protocol was clinically registered by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Clinical Trial Registration number: ChiCTR2000032743. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259014272030015X doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100026 id: cord-275391-dmfacaua author: Liu, Yuan title: Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-09-07 words: 2751.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275391-dmfacaua.txt summary: METHODS: In this study, an online non-probability sample survey was used to anonymously investigate the anxiety and depression symptoms among medical staff under the COVID-19 outbreak. PHEIC was defined as "Unusual events that pose public health risks to other countries through the international spread of disease and may require a coordinated international response." As of 11 February, a total of 1716 medical staff were confirmed to have COVID-19 infections in mainland China, accounting for 3.8% of all confirmed cases (The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team, 2020). Significantly higher proportions of self-reported anxiety or depression symptoms were found in investigated medical staff with the following characteristics: nurse, junior college or below, living alone, never/almost never getting help from friends, never/almost never getting care from neighbours, never confiding their troubles to others and higher stress. abstract: BACKGROUND: : It is well known that unexpected pandemic has led to an increase in mental health problems among a variety of populations. METHODS: In this study, an online non-probability sample survey was used to anonymously investigate the anxiety and depression symptoms among medical staff under the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire included Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms were estimated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1090 medical staff were investigated in this study. The estimated self-reported rates of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and both of the two were 13.3%, 18.4% and 23.9% respectively. Factors associated with self-reported anxiety symptoms include married status (OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 4.4), not living alone (OR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.7), never confiding their troubles to others (OR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.4, 3.5) and higher stress (OR=14.4, 95%CI: 7.8, 26.4). Factors associated with self-reported depression symptoms include not living alone (OR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.3, 0.7), sometimes/often getting care from neighbours (OR=0.6, 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9), never confiding their troubles to others (OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3, 3.0) and higher stress (OR=9.7, 95%CI: 6.2, 15.2). LIMITATIONS: The study was a non-probability sample survey. Besides, scales used in this study can only identify mental health states. CONCLUSIONS: Under outbreak of COVID-19, self-reported rates of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were high in investigated medical staff. Psychological interventions for those at high risk with common mental problems should be integrated into the work plan to fight against the epidemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720326987?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.004 id: cord-323751-ofz4htdb author: Liu, Yuzhi title: Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough date: 2020-05-18 words: 822.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323751-ofz4htdb.txt summary: In comparison with the other reports on this topic [2, 3] , this case-control study can provide more significance and credibility owing to the correction of baseline status for gastrointestinal symptoms in non-COVID-19 patients. After excluding the critical cases from COVID-19 group, the detection rates of erythrocyte, leukocyte and OB in feces were not higher than those of the control groups (non-COVID-19 pneumonia, lung tumor and healthy subject). In the subgroup analysis of fecal examination results, the detection rates of leukocytes and OB in feces were only significant different between critical and non-critical group (both P < .001). High possibility of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in critical COVID-19 cases can increase the risk of secondary damage in gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the occurrence of abnormal fecal examination. Consequently, the abnormal fecal examination results may be used as risk factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients, especially for critical cases. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.043 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.043 id: cord-313392-a5ynzx70 author: Liu, Ze-Ming title: Association of procalcitonin levels with the progression and prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 3687.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313392-a5ynzx70.txt summary: One study has shown that although the total number of patients with COVID-19 presenting increased procalcitonin (PCT) levels appears to be limited, continuous measurement of PCT levels may play a role in predicting the progression of this disease into the severe forms [15] . In this retrospective study, we collected clinical data of 1525 cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, which is a temporary hospital specialized and designated for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, from February 8, 2020 to April 15, 2020. In this study, 1525 cases in the Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan City were enrolled for the investigation of the effect of PCT level on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that elevated PCT level was significantly associated with a higher risk of overall mortality among COVID-19 patients, even after adjustment for age, history of cardiovascular diseases, WBC, PLT, and lymphocyte count, and D-dimer levels as potential confounding factors. abstract: Rationale: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first announced in Wuhan, and has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. However, the risk factors associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are yet to be described in detail. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the information of 1525 cases from the Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were generated to explore the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT) level and the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between disease severity in hospitalized patients and their PCT levels. Survival curves and the cumulative hazard function for COVID-19 progression were conducted in the two groups. To further detect the relationship between the computed tomography score and survival days, curve-fitting analyses were performed. Results: Patients in the elevated PCT group had a higher incidence of severe and critical severity conditions (P < 0.001), death, and higher computed tomography (CT) scores. There was an association between elevated PCT levels and mortality in the univariate ((hazard ratio [1], 3.377; 95% confidence interval [2], 1.012-10.344; P = 0.033) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 4.933; 95% CI, 1.170-20.788; P = 0.030). Similarly, patients with elevated PCT were more likely to have critically severe disease conditions in the univariate (odds ratio [2], 7.247; 95% CI, 3.559-14.757; P < 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR, 10.679; 95% CI, 4.562-25.000; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves showed poorer prognosis for patients with elevated PCT (P = 0.024). The CT score 1 for patients with elevated PCT peaked at day 40 following the onset of symptoms then decreased gradually, while their total CT score was relatively stable. Conclusion: PCT level was shown as an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients. Compared with inpatients with normal PCT levels, inpatients with elevated PCT levels had a higher risk for overall mortality and critically severe disease. These findings may provide guidance for improving the prognosis of patients with critically severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33029089/ doi: 10.7150/ijms.48396 id: cord-320930-9yiu0080 author: Liu, Zeming title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan date: 2020-07-14 words: 3152.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320930-9yiu0080.txt summary: title: Association Between Diabetes and COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study With a Large Sample of 1,880 Cases in Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. In this study, we investigated the association between diabetes as a comorbidity and negative clinical courses and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large sample of patients from a single hospital in Wuhan, China. Similarly, our data supported that the proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 cases among patients with diabetes was higher than that among those without diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia -a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression abstract: Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Methods: This study enrolled 1,880 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Leishenshan Hospital. We collected and analyzed their data, including demographic data, history of comorbidity, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, chest computed tomography (CT) images, treatment options, and survival. Results: The percentages of patients with diabetes among the severe and critical COVID-19 cases were higher than those among the mild or general cases (89.2%, 10.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.001). However, patients with and without diabetes showed no difference in the follow-up period (p = 0.993). The mortality rate in patients with or without diabetes was 2.9% (n = 4) and 1.1% (n = 9), respectively (p = 0.114). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and the Kaplan-Meier curves did not show any statistically significant differences between patients with and without diabetes (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. These results may be useful for clinicians in the management of diabetic patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760350/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00478 id: cord-032332-bfggtolv author: Liu, Zhe title: Uncertain growth model for the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China date: 2020-09-19 words: 2907.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032332-bfggtolv.txt summary: 6 will analyze cumulative numbers of COVID-19 infections in China using uncertain growth models and uncertain hypothesis tests. where y represents the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China, x represents the day after February 12, 2020, and is a disturbance term characterized as an uncertain variable. In this section, we apply the uncertain hypothesis test Ye and Liu (2020a) to testing the appropriateness of the estimated expected valueê and the estimated varianceσ 2 for the disturbance term in the uncertain growth model (2), and modify outliers. The estimated expected value and estimated variance of the disturbance term in uncertain growth model (14) As shown in Fig. 5 , all data pass the test. Fitted uncertain regression growth model (14) and cumulative numbers of COVID-19 infections in China from January 20 to March 23, 2020, are shown in Fig. 6 . abstract: As a type of coronavirus, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the majority of countries worldwide, and seriously threatens human health and security. This paper aims to depict cumulative numbers of COVID-19 infections in China using the growth model chosen by cross validation. The residual plot does not look like a null plot, so we can not find a distribution function for the disturbance term that is close enough to the true frequency. Therefore, the disturbance term can not be characterized as random variables, and stochastic regression analysis is invalid in this case. To better describe this pandemic automatically, this paper first employs uncertain growth models with the help of uncertain hypothesis tests to detect and modify outliers in data. The forecast value and confidence interval for the cumulative number of COVID-19 infections in China are provided. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7501513/ doi: 10.1007/s10700-020-09340-x id: cord-352544-7b6btzrx author: Liu, Zhelong title: The association of diabetes and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study date: 2020-08-25 words: 3293.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352544-7b6btzrx.txt summary: Abstract Aims This study evaluated the impact of previous glycemic control and in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Despite a few studies reported that COVID-19 patients with poorly controlled fasting blood glucose in hospital were associated with higher mortality [16] , there is still a lack of information on the impact of previous glycemic control on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Model 1 explored the risk factors associated with worsening by a univariate analysis, which included HbA1c, maximum of the BG in-hospital, age, sex, smoking, comorbidities other than diabetes, white cell count, the percentage of neutrophils, lymphopenia, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ -glutamyl transferase, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prothrombin time, total cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α. Our study found that among COVID-19 patients, those with poor HbA1c control had a higher risk of disease worsening, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), demonstrating the importance of previous glycemic control. abstract: Abstract Aims This study evaluated the impact of previous glycemic control and in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive inpatients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled from Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China). Patients without diabetes were matched to those with diabetes based on age, sex, and comorbidities. All patients were followed up to a clinical endpoint (discharge, worsening including transferring to ICU or immediate death). Data and outcomes were extracted from medical records and analyzed. Results 64 patients with pre-existing diabetes were included in this study, with 128 matched patients without diabetes included as a control group. Patients with diabetes had a higher rate of worsening (18.8% versus 7.8%, p=0.025). Multivariable regression showed increased odds of worsening associated with previous glycemic control reflected by HbA1c (odds ratio 3.29, 95% CI 1.19-9.13, p=0.022) and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve identified HbA1c of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) as the optimal cut-off value. Univariate analysis demonstrated the in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs were not associated with a higher risk of worsening. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a higher risk of worsening, especially those with poorly-controlled HbA1c, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.6%. The in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs were not associated with increased odds of worsening in patients with diabetes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720306392 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108386 id: cord-316764-ps89rxuy author: Liu, Zheng title: At the center of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery in China date: 2020-05-12 words: 1774.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316764-ps89rxuy.txt summary: In addition, the added pressure of work and increased risk of being infected can affect the mental health of the HCWs. Indeed, a survey of 5,062 HCWs in all clinical departments showed that 29.8%, 13.5% and 24.1% reported stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms, respectively 5 .These data suggest that adequate mental health interventions are necessary for medical professionals over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. For aerosol-generating medical procedures in the COVID-19 positive patient, such as tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, and tracheostomy, the otolaryngologist not only needs PAPR 11 , but also needs effective multidisciplinary collaborations with other specialists 12 . During urgent endoscopic sinonasal and skull base surgery in the COVID-19 positive patient, due to frequent suction, irrigation, and drilling which potentially aerosolize infectious vapor, we recommend that medical personnel in the operation room wear PAPR. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22585 doi: 10.1002/alr.22585 id: cord-320945-swr3l0ur author: Liu, Zhenghong title: Dynamic emergency department response to the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic: the experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-09-25 words: 3371.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320945-swr3l0ur.txt summary: Given that even a single patient in a crowded ED can potentially ignite a nosocomial outbreak of a novel respiratory pathogen, 3 with devastating consequences and the prospect of ED closure, 3, 4 it is crucial to ensure that hospital EDs can continue to operate safely throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, without becoming hotbeds for disease transmission. 6 Over the next few months, our ED rapidly developed and implemented a response plan that maximized the limited physical space and allowed our ED to appropriately manage patients with different risk profiles for COVID-19,while simultaneously maintaining adequate protection for other patients and staff. In general, patients requiring non-ambulatory care in the first phase of our response were at low risk of COVID-19, given that imported cases At the same time, our ED was also experiencing an increase in non-ambulatory suspect COVID-19 cases, given the older age profile of patients presenting during this phase. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has placed large stressors on emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. As the pandemic progressed, EDs faced changing patient epidemiology and numbers. Our ED needed to rapidly transform to deal with the risk of COVID‐19. Having limited floor space, we opted for a phased, dynamic response that allowed us to adapt the ED multiple times as the epidemiology of the pandemic evolved. The principles behind our response include guiding ED operations with data, enhancing infection control practices, and being prepared to transform areas of the ED to care for different groups of patients. Our experience can serve to guide other EDs in planning their response to surge capacity and ED operations during such pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043319/ doi: 10.1002/emp2.12264 id: cord-275915-fz16sylv author: Liu, Zi-Han title: Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-19 words: 1425.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275915-fz16sylv.txt summary: Compared to permanent residents in cities (i.e., those with ''Hukou'' in cities), most migrant workers in China have insufficient financial savings, low education levels, a high level of life stress, limited time and money to see doctors or even being discriminated by others, which contributes to a higher prevalence of mental health problems than observed in the general population [10] . Due to fear of infection, uncertainty of the COVID-transmission, and misinformation about the disease in social media, mental health problems, such as sleep disturbances, depression and anxiety, are common in the general public and migrant workers [4, 7, 13, 15, 17] . However, regular mental health education is typically not available for this population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and financial hardship, further quarantine measures and stigma associated with mental illness [12] are key barriers deterring them from seeking timely mental health treatments if needed. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been found in more than 200 countries worldwide since December, 2019. In China, a major reason for the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 in early stage of the outbreak is the huge numbers of passengers boarding their “last train home” to meet family members during the Spring Festival. Most of these travelers were internal migrant workers. In order to reduce the risk of the COVID-19 transmission, public transportation networks were suspended, and many migrant workers who returned to their hometowns needed to be quarantined for 2 weeks, which led to the delay of returning back to cities to work. Many businesses have temporarily closed because of the risk of COVID-19 transmission, leading to unemployment of many workers. Sudden loss of income and further quarantine enforcement in cities can exacerbate existing mental health problems or trigger new mental disorders among affected migrant workers. However, to date no specific guidelines or strategies about mental health services of migrant workers have been released. Health authorities and professionals should pay more attention to this vulnerable group and provide timely mental health service support for those in need. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32814575/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00608-w id: cord-297209-84gs67bn author: Livanos, A. E. title: Gastrointestinal involvement attenuates COVID-19 severity and mortality date: 2020-09-09 words: 7509.0 sentences: 496.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297209-84gs67bn.txt summary: In a fourth cohort of COVID-19 patients in which GI biopsies were obtained, we identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within small intestinal enterocytes for the first time in vivo but failed to obtain culturable virus. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 doi: medRxiv preprint (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) was associated with less severe disease (p<0.02 Fisher''s exact 188 test) and lower mortality (p<0.001 Fisher''s exact test) (Fig. 1a) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in small intestinal enterocytes of COVID-19 patients ( Fig. 4i,n, CD8 + T cells, the dominant IEL 388 population, showed an increase (2.6-fold) in COVID-19 cases compared to controls but the 389 difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.4) ( Supplementary Table 12a ), likely owing 390 to inter-patient variability, also observed by light microscopy. abstract: Given that gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a prominent extrapulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we investigated the impact of GI infection on disease pathogenesis in three large cohorts of patients in the United States and Europe. Unexpectedly, we observed that GI involvement was associated with a significant reduction in disease severity and mortality, with an accompanying reduction in key inflammatory proteins including IL-6, CXCL8, IL-17A and CCL28 in circulation. In a fourth cohort of COVID-19 patients in which GI biopsies were obtained, we identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within small intestinal enterocytes for the first time in vivo but failed to obtain culturable virus. High dimensional analyses of GI tissues confirmed low levels of cellular inflammation in the GI lamina propria and an active downregulation of key inflammatory genes including IFNG, CXCL8, CXCL2 and IL1B among others. These data draw attention to organ-level heterogeneity in disease pathogenesis and highlight the role of the GI tract in attenuating SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation with related mortality benefit. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.07.20187666v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20187666 id: cord-342139-t2tukk0z author: Livingston, Gill title: Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study date: 2020-10-05 words: 6631.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342139-t2tukk0z.txt summary: For individuals, the following data were collected: demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity); mental health clinical details (ie, dementia or other diagnosis); Mental Health Act 1983 or Mental Capacity Act 2005 status 31 (these are legislative frameworks for those with mental illness, including an absence of decisional capacity, which in defined circumstances allow people to be detained in a hospital without giving consent); physical comorbidities; and COVID-19-related details, which were COVID-19 clinical diagnosis (date of clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result or results, if retested), possible COVID-19 symptoms (first symptom noted, presence of new persistent cough, shortness of breath [respiratory rate >20 breaths per min], temperature ≥37·8°C, new loss of smell or taste, sore throat, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, loss of appetite, asymptomatic, duration of symptoms [days]), change to mental state related to COVID-19 (increased cognitive impairment or delirium, increased or new mood disturbance or psychosis); and manage ment (do not attempt resuscitation status; whether the patient was receiving vitamin D treatment; isolation of patients and duration [days] if applicable; whether venous thromboembolism [VTE] prophylaxis was given before the patient became symptomatic; whether VTE prophylaxis was given after symptoms developed; whether antipsychotic medication had been stopped, started, or increased during SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment, and new antipsychotic sideeffects; whether prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed for community-acquired pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia; whether oxygen therapy was administered on the ward; and whether the patient was transferred to a medical ward in a general hospital). abstract: BACKGROUND: People living in group situations or with dementia are more vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older people and those with multimorbidity have higher mortality if they become infected than the general population. However, no systematic study exists of COVID-19-related outcomes in older inpatients in psychiatric units, who comprise people from these high-risk groups. We aimed to describe the period prevalence, demographics, symptoms (and asymptomatic cases), management, and survival outcomes of COVID-19 in the older inpatient psychiatric population and people with young-onset dementia in five National Health Service Trusts in London, UK, from March 1 to April 30, 2020. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we collected demographic data, mental health diagnoses, clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, symptoms, management, and COVID-19-related outcome data of inpatients aged 65 years or older or with dementia who were already inpatients or admitted as inpatients to five London mental health Trusts between March 1 and April 30, 2020, and information about available COVID-19-related resources (ie, testing and personal protective equipment). Patients were determined to have COVID-19 if they had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, or had relevant symptoms indicative of COVID-19, as determined by their treating physician. We calculated period prevalence of COVID-19 and analysed patients’ characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. FINDINGS: Of 344 inpatients, 131 (38%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period (period prevalence 38% [95% CI 33–43]). The mean age of patients who had COVID-19 was 75·3 years (SD 8·2); 68 (52%) were women and 47 (36%) from ethnic minority groups. 16 (12%) of 131 patients were asymptomatic and 121 (92%) had one or more disease-related comorbidity. 108 (82%) patients were compulsorily detained. 74 (56%) patients had dementia, of whom 13 (18%) had young-onset dementia. On average, sites received COVID-19 testing kits 4·5 days after the first clinical COVID-19 presentation. 19 (15%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19 died during the study period, and their deaths were determined to be COVID-19 related. INTERPRETATION: Patients in psychiatric inpatient settings who were admitted without known SARS-CoV-2 infection had a high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared with those in the community and had a higher proportion of deaths from COVID-19 than in the community. Implementation of the long-standing policy of parity of esteem for mental health and planning for future COVID-19 waves in psychiatric hospitals is urgent. FUNDING: None. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S221503662030434X doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30434-x id: cord-332481-y0rd70ry author: Ljubic, T. title: The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants'' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia date: 2020-06-17 words: 3846.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332481-y0rd70ry.txt summary: title: The effect of serological screening for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies to participants'' attitudes and risk behaviour: a study on a tested population sample of industry workers in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia Rapid serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been questioned by scientists and the public because of unexplored effects of negative test results on behaviour and attitudes, that could lower the level of adherence to protective measures. Thus, this study aims at investigating the changes in personal attitudes and behaviour of DIV Group industry workers before and after receiving negative serological test results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results of this study indicate that the levels of fear of being infected or infecting others with COVID-19, as well as behaviours regarding adherence to protective measure, changed significantly in the timeframe after receiving negative test results. abstract: Rapid serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been questioned by scientists and the public because of unexplored effects of negative test results on behaviour and attitudes, that could lower the level of adherence to protective measures. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the changes in personal attitudes and behaviour before and after negative serological test results for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We conducted a survey questionnaire on 200 industry workers (69% males and 31% females) that have been previously tested negative. The survey examined participants' self-reported general attitudes towards COVID-19, sense of fear, as well as their behaviour related to protective measures before and after the testing. The participants perceived the disease as a severe health threat and acknowledged the protective measures as appropriate. They reported a high level of adherence to measures and low level of fear both before and after the testing. Although those indicators were statistically significantly reduced after the test (P < 0.004), they did not result in risk behaviour. Therefore, the serological tests are not an additional threat regarding the risk behaviour in an environment where protective measures are efficient. In contrast, they might contribute to reducing the fear in the society and working environment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20131482 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20131482 id: cord-321459-5atonb89 author: Llalle, Wildor Samir Cubas title: Impact on the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Residents’ Learning Curve During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020 words: 919.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321459-5atonb89.txt summary: Given the great role that the COVID-19 pandemic has been generating and its undeniable negative impact on the learning curve in the residency program in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, a variety of technological alternatives have emerged to try to compensate the lack of traditional academic training in medical residency towards a virtual hybrid model [2] . The success of the learning curve in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery residents is determined by the circle of permanent and uninterrupted learning, articulated by 3 fundamental pillars: the theoretical component consisting mainly of the constant review of the medical literature and the periodic participation in clinicalsurgical conferences or gatherings led by mentor surgeons; the component of strengthening operational skills that allow the acquisition of procedural skills through training using simulation; and, finally, the practical component, in which the resident actively participates as an observer, assistant or main surgeon in various surgical procedures. Given the imminent negative impact on the learning curve of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery residents due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to recondition a new multifaceted approach that allows for virtual surgical education. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0300 doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0300 id: cord-254631-80sg4uvd author: Llansó, Laura title: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in COVID-19 Disease: a Case-Report date: 2020-08-26 words: 1035.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254631-80sg4uvd.txt summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome that can include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, usually related to autoregulatory cerebral failure and hypertension. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 who developed a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with a typical clinical and radiological presentation, after being treated with anti-interleukin treatment (anakinra and tocilizumab) following local guidelines. We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 disease, possibly related to anti-IL-1 or anti-IL-6, suggesting that anti-interleukin treatments may cause this syndrome, at least in patients with predisposing conditions such as infections and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Considering the infectious background, the immunomodulatory treatments, modest hypertension in the hours before the symptoms, and the distribution of the lesions on the CT scan, the most likely diagnosis is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: associated clinical and radiologic findings abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome that can include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, usually related to autoregulatory cerebral failure and hypertension. The neuroimaging is essential to diagnosis, showing white matter vasogenic edema in posterior areas. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 who developed a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with a typical clinical and radiological presentation, after being treated with anti-interleukin treatment (anakinra and tocilizumab) following local guidelines. We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 disease, possibly related to anti-IL-1 or anti-IL-6, suggesting that anti-interleukin treatments may cause this syndrome, at least in patients with predisposing conditions such as infections and hydroelectrolytic disorders. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00470-2 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00470-2 id: cord-328200-96tirrck author: Llorente-Parrado, C. title: Modelo de evaluación del plan de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel date: 2020-10-10 words: 2803.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328200-96tirrck.txt summary: En este contexto, planteamos desarrollar un modelo basado en estándares para la evaluación del sistema de preparación y respuesta frente a la COVID-19 en un hospital terciario. Barcelona en dos fases: 1) desarrollo de modelo de estándares mediante revisión narrativa de la literatura, análisis de planes y protocolos del hospital, método Delphi por profesionales expertos y plan de actualización y 2) validación de aplicabilidad y utilidad del modelo mediante autoevaluación y auditoría. 1. Desarrollar un modelo basado en estándares para la evaluación del sistema de preparación y respuesta de un hospital frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Una estrategia basada en la revisión continua del modelo, el seguimiento mediante auditorías independientes y el benchmarking con otras instituciones, creemos que podrá contribuir a reducir la variabilidad en los planes de preparación y respuesta frente a la COVID-19. abstract: Background and purpose. During the first wave of the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, hospitals have come under significant pressure. This scenario of uncertainty, low scientific evidence, and insufficient resources, has generated significant variability in practice between different health organisations. In this context, it is proposed to develop a standards-based model for the evaluation of the preparedness and response system against COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital. Materials and methods. The study, carried out at the University Hospital of Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona (Spain), was designed in two phases: 1) development of the standards-based model, by means of a narrative review of the literature, analysis of plans and protocols implemented in the hospital, a review process by expert professionals from the centre, and plan of action, and 2) validation of usability and usefulness of the model through self-assessment and hospital audit. Results. The model contains 208 standards distributed into 9 criteria: leadership and strategy; prevention and infection control; management of professionals and skills; public areas; healthcare areas; areas of support for diagnosis and treatment; logistics, technology and works; communication and patient care; and information and research systems. The evaluation achieved 85.2% compliance, with 42 areas for improvement and 96 good practices identified. Conclusions. Implementing a standards-based model is a useful tool to identify areas for improvement and good practices in COVID-19 preparedness and response plans in a hospital. In the current context, it is recommended to repeat this methodology in other non-hospital and public health settings. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2603647920301068 doi: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2020.10.001 id: cord-326643-obfvi3ms author: Lo Giudice, Roberto title: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice date: 2020-04-28 words: 4574.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326643-obfvi3ms.txt summary: Considering the virus'' route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). Due to the transmission route, in addition to measures that prevent diffusion of the infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection), it is advisable to add further airborne and contact precautions to the routine standard hygienic procedures in order to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, visors, goggles, dental uniform, and surgical gown and shoes (see section on PPEs below). To reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, given how the disease spreads and the current health crisis, the following prevention measures are suggested in addition to what is already generally performed: abstract: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, and the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection spreads mainly through direct contact with Flügge micro droplets or core droplets that remain suspended as aerosol. Moreover, it has been reported that infected subjects, both with and without clinical signs of COVID-19, can transmit the virus. Since the infection typically enters through mouth, nose, and eyes, dentistry is one of the medical practices at highest risk of infection due to the frequent production of aerosol and the constant presence of saliva. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that only emergency/urgent procedures should be performed during the coronavirus outbreak. Considering the virus’ route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). This protocol should be implemented by modifying both patient management and clinical practice, introducing particular devices and organizational practices. This paper aims to discuss and suggest the most appropriate procedures in every aspect of dental practice to reduce infection risk. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093067 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093067 id: cord-334849-8rblgq9b author: LoPresti, Marissa title: The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature date: 2020-08-12 words: 7290.0 sentences: 456.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334849-8rblgq9b.txt summary: 1 As with many complex diseases, the reality for most individuals likely involves a combination of genetic -including viral and host genetics -and non-genetic Relative to other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has unique biological properties and related clinical impact, but data regarding other coronaviruses may be relevant. This can help populate lists of genes that -along with data from related biological studies -may bear scrutiny in the developing and important large-scale host genetic 6 and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)in pigs. In various species, efforts have focused on genes encoding the relevant coronavirus receptor, including effects of viral and host genetic changes and how these may impact the disease process. 30 In humans (see Tables 1 and S2 and Figures 3 and 4 for details on human studies of these genes, including specific references), studies of specific ACE2 polymorphisms have not shown significant associations with SARS-CoV-1 susceptibility or outcome. abstract: Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. These include how host genetic factors affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. We reviewed the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, with a systematic focus on human studies. We identified 1,832 articles of potential relevance. Seventy-five involved human host genetic factors, of which 35 involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small numbers of research subjects and loci. Three additional case reports were described. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility (of which 7 identified protective alleles), and 16 related to outcomes (of which 3 identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Among other studies, 30 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 178 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, and 984 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis. Previous human studies have been limited by issues that may be less impactful now, including low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods; however, these may raise additional considerations. We outline key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation COVID-19. We also discuss how previous studies may direct current lines of inquiry. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929720302755?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.007 id: cord-320785-42p8292o author: Lobo, Andréa de Paula title: COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: where we at? date: 2020-06-16 words: 682.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320785-42p8292o.txt summary: Abstract Objetive to analyze the trends of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 by Federal Units (FU). Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify points of inflection in COVID-19 trends, considering the days since the 50th confirmed case as time unit. Conclusions In summary, our results show that all FUs in Brazil present upward trends of COVID-19. Discussion: Although all FUs presented upward trends in the number of cumulative cases of COVID-19, 18 out of 27 FUs showed a reduction in the pace of the trend in the last segment. Even though the FUs from the Southeast region presented most of the confirmed cases, the highest ADPC values were found in the Northeast and North regions. (36.9;58.8) 3-11 13.8*(12.7;14.9) 11-20 8.1*(7.2;9.0 • All of Federative Units in Brazil shows a upward in accumulated cases of COVID-19. • Each Federative Unit in Brazil is at a different stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract Objetive to analyze the trends of COVID-19 in Brazil in 2020 by Federal Units (FU). Method ecological time-series based on cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 11 to May 12. Joinpoint regression models were applied to identify points of inflection in COVID-19 trends, considering the days since the 50th confirmed case as time unit. Results Brazil reached the 50th confirmed case of COVID-19 in 11 March 2020 and, 63 days after that, on May 12, 177,589 cases had been confirmed. The trends for all regions and FU are upward. In the last segment, from the 31st to the 63rd day, Brazil presented a DPC of 7.3% (95%CI= 7.2;7.5). For the country the ADPC was 14.2% (95%CI: 13.8;14.5). The highest ADPC values were found in the North, Northeast and Southeast regions. Conclusions In summary, our results show that all FUs in Brazil present upward trends of COVID-19. In some FUs, the slowdown in DPC in the last segment must be considered carefully. Each FUs is at a different stage of the pandemic and, therefore, non-pharmacological measures must be applied accordingly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561425/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.044 id: cord-338317-ro041w5l author: Lockhart, Sam M. title: When two pandemics meet: Why is obesity associated with increased COVID-19 mortality? date: 2020-06-29 words: 4664.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338317-ro041w5l.txt summary: Thus, the association of obesity with worse 105 outcomes in acute lung infection or widespread alveolar damage of other types, appears to be 106 strongest and most consistent with COVID-19 and pandemic H1N1 influenza. In addition to being lower in obesity and most insulin 168 resistant states it is worth noting that adiponectin levels have been reported to be significantly 169 lower in many of the COVID-19 "at risk" groups e.g. Male < Females 20 and South Asians < White 170 is secreted from adipose tissue, associated with insulin resistance and likely contributes to 197 thrombotic risk in obesity by impairing fibrinolysis 23 . In summary, we have applied insights into the pathophysiology of the adverse consequences of 279 obesity and emerging evidence regarding the pathological mechanisms in COVID-19 to suggest 280 possible routes whereby obesity can exacerbate the tissue damage associated with infection by the 281 SARS-CoV-2 virus. abstract: Abstract A growing body of evidence indicates that obesity is strongly and independently associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 including death. By combining emerging knowledge of the pathological processes involved in COVID-19 with insights into the mechanisms underlying the adverse health consequences of obesity, we present some hypotheses regarding the deleterious impact of obesity on the course of COVID-19. These hypotheses are testable and could guide therapeutic and preventive interventions. As obesity is now almost ubiquitous and no vaccine for COVID-19 is currently available, even a modest reduction in the impact of obesity on mortality and morbidity from this viral infection could have profound consequences for public health. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.005 id: cord-288903-vxeq1afx author: Lodha, Rakesh title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward date: 2020-05-26 words: 2301.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288903-vxeq1afx.txt summary: The overall case fatality among the hospitalized patients (including those needing intensive care) varies from 10 to 60% and is largely restricted to high risk groups (old age, diabetes, immunosuppression, etc) [3, 4] . The major issues include: how to maintain social distancing to prevent infections in crowded hospitals and how to protect HCPs. Public hospitals (secondary and tertiary care), in countries like India are very crowded and it is a big challenge to maintain social distancing. Given the high burden of infectious illnesses in countries such as India, there is a need for access to health facilities for these patients also. During the initial period of the pandemic, there was a great concern, almost a panic like state in HCPs. Therefore, all efforts should be made to provide highest levels of PPEs. Over a period of time, HCPs will develop confidence and acceptance of COVID-19 as another infectious disease which can be faced using proper precautions and appropriate safety gears. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03356-2 doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03356-2 id: cord-302228-n5o6jfs2 author: Lodise, Thomas P. title: COVID‐19: Important Therapy Considerations and Approaches in this Hour of Need date: 2020-05-05 words: 1935.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302228-n5o6jfs2.txt summary: A number of novel and repurposed therapies agents with activity against SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and most institutions have developed clinical pathways to operationalize their use in appropriate COVID-19 patients.1-3 However, optimal drug therapy decisions for those with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections are extremely challenging at this time as evidence is limited. A number of novel and repurposed therapies agents with activity against SARS-CoV-2 have been identified, and most institutions have developed clinical pathways to operationalize their use in appropriate COVID-19 patients. If data are amassed on COVID-19 patients, it is important that detailed information is collected on the outcomes associated with the treatment strategies used at our respective institutions. Despite data suggesting that lopinavir-ritonavir was active against SARS-CoV-2 infection, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment versus standard care in a study of hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19. abstract: We are living in unprecedented times. While we had near pandemic events in the recent past with SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), we have never experienced anything like coronavirus (COVID-19), also known as SARS-CoV-2 infection, since the Spanish flu. In contrast to the Spanish flu where medical care was limited, we are equipped to combat COVID-19 but there is considerable work ahead with many uncertainties. At this critical time, we must come together as one united country and world to stop the spread and provide the best care possible for individuals who contract the virus and develop infection. A number of novel and repurposed therapies agents with activity against SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and most institutions have developed clinical pathways to operationalize their use in appropriate COVID-19 patients.1-3 However, optimal drug therapy decisions for those with moderate to severe COVID-19 infections are extremely challenging at this time as evidence is limited. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32267556/ doi: 10.1002/phar.2396 id: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author: Loeffler-Wirth, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 words: 7923.0 sentences: 425.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt summary: Different models, mostly assuming a series of diseases states such as the ''Susceptible-Infected-Removed'' (SIR) types (see below) have been used to describe ''epi-curves'' of selected countries and regions under consideration of i) spatial heterogeneous outbreak and transmission scenarios, and ii) the effect of NPIs [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . The obtained trajectories then enable to visually estimate the dynamic state of epidemic in terms of simple shape characteristics such as slope, parallel shifts or turning points with direct relations to transmission and removal rates of the disease. They enable monitoring the state in terms of differences and similarities between the countries and geographic regions revealing specifics and commons of epidemic spread: (i) A unique linear slope of most of the trajectories in the intermediate abscissa range is indicative for exponential growth in early phases of the outbreak of the pandemic (low level of immunity in the population). abstract: Background: Covid-19 pandemic is developing worldwide with common dynamics but also with partly marked differences between regions and countries. They are not completely understood, but presumably, provide one clue to find ways to mitigate epidemics until exit strategies to its eradication become available. Method: We provide a monitoring tool available at www.izbi.de. It enables inspection of the dynamic state of the epidemic in 187 countries using trajectories. They visualize transmission and removal rates of the epidemic and this way bridge epi-curve tracking with modelling approaches. Results: Examples were provided which characterize state of epidemic in different regions of the world in terms of fast and slow growing and decaying regimes and estimate associated rate factors. Basic spread of the disease associates with transmission between two individuals every two-three days on the average. Non-pharmaceutical interventions decrease this value to up to ten days where complete lock down measures are required to stop the epidemic. Comparison of trajectories revealed marked differences between the countries regarding efficiency of measures taken against the epidemic. Trajectories also reveal marked country-specific dynamics of recovery and death rates. Conclusions: The results presented refer to the pandemic state in May 2020 and can serve as working instruction for timely monitoring using the interactive monitoring tool as a sort of seismometer for the evaluation of the state of epidemic, e.g., the possible effect of measures taken in both, lock-down and lock-up directions. Comparison of trajectories between countries and regions will support developing hypotheses and models to better understand regional differences of dynamics of Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 id: cord-320031-e328fesl author: Loforte, Antonio title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience date: 2020-06-01 words: 1672.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320031-e328fesl.txt summary: By considering overall impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, an increased need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support becomes evident. Consideration of ECMO was based on the presence of severe respiratory failure (Murray score >3.0 or pH <7.20 under protective ventilation 2,6-8 ) with sustained clinical deterioration despite optimal conventional treatment and refractory prone positioning. Aggressive mechanical ventilation (peak or plateau airway pressure >30 cm H2O or fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] >0.8) for more than 7 days, uncontrolled active bleeding, severe comorbidity, multiple organ failure, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, age >65 years, and neurologic damage were used as contraindications for VV ECMO institution. 2, [6] [7] [8] Regarding oxygenation, ECMO blood flow was maximized to reduce the FIO2 less than 0.6 and maintain hemoglobin Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience saturation more than 85%. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 may cause severe respiratory failure due to massive alveolar damage. Currently, no adequate curative therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease exists. By considering overall impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, an increased need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support becomes evident. We report on our preliminary institutional experience with COVID-19 patients receiving venovenous ECMO support. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32597627/ doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001198 id: cord-259257-yw3k8kr4 author: Logar, Silvia title: Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study date: 2020-04-29 words: 565.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259257-yw3k8kr4.txt summary: title: Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study According to the Decree, the care home (Residenza Sanitaria Assistenziale, RSA) should be equipped for patient isolation, avoid mixing COVID-19 cases with other residents, and provide dedicated staff to care exclusively for suspected/confirmed COVID-19, to mitigate the risk of further SARS-CoV-2 spread. In part, the outcome reflects the wider issues afflicting infection control compliance in Italy: 1) the systematic failure in the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), posing at risk both health workers (34.1% infection rate among RSA personnel reported in Lombardy) and residents; 2) the lack of care providers, preventing exclusive health assistance for suspected/confirmed COVID-19; 3) and the COVID-19 inadequate testing policy, facilitating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases. Unprepared care homes have emerged as new COVID-19 hotspots, struggling to secure safe lockdown for elderly residents, at risk for severe and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104087 doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104087 id: cord-341323-mw352rr1 author: Logie, Carmen H title: Lessons learned from HIV can inform our approach to COVID‐19 stigma date: 2020-05-04 words: 1560.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341323-mw352rr1.txt summary: We are moving away from siloed stigma research on individual health conditions (e.g. HIV, mental health), social identities (e.g. race, sexual orientation) and practices (e.g., sex work, drug use) [15] . Intersecting stigmasuch as racism and povertyinteract with HIV-related stigma to harm health engagement and outcomes [16, 17] and may present analogous barriers to COVID-19 testing and treatment [14] . There are complex associations between HIV-related stigma and age, whereby older persons living with HIV may experience reduced health effects of stigma [21, 22] . The contact approach involves people who have experienced the stigma being targeted (e.g. persons living with HIV, persons experiencing COVID-19 stigma) delivering the intervention to provide a face to the pandemic that in turn can foster empathy and reduce othering [26, 27] . Creating space for stories of COVID-19 that reveal stigma and solidarity, of front-line healthcare workers'' experiences, and of people living in quarantine, can reduce fear and spark empathy by helping us to see ourselves and our communities reflected in the pandemic [28] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365283/ doi: 10.1002/jia2.25504 id: cord-291315-y40s45iv author: Logunov, Denis Y title: Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia date: 2020-09-04 words: 5697.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291315-y40s45iv.txt summary: title: Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). INTERPRETATION: The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. These findings of two open, phase 1/2 non-randomised studies of a heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine based on recombinant adenoviral vectors rAd26-S and rAd5-S show that the vaccine is safe, well tolerated, and induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in 100% of healthy participants. In our study, despite formation of neutralising antibodies to recombinant adenoviruses after vaccination with rAd26 and rAd5, formation of a humoral immune response to target antigen (SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S) in vaccinated volunteers was not affected. abstract: BACKGROUND: We developed a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine consisting of two components, a recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) vector and a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vector, both carrying the gene for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (rAd26-S and rAd5-S). We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two formulations (frozen and lyophilised) of this vaccine. METHODS: We did two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies at two hospitals in Russia. We enrolled healthy adult volunteers (men and women) aged 18–60 years to both studies. In phase 1 of each study, we administered intramuscularly on day 0 either one dose of rAd26-S or one dose of rAd5-S and assessed the safety of the two components for 28 days. In phase 2 of the study, which began no earlier than 5 days after phase 1 vaccination, we administered intramuscularly a prime-boost vaccination, with rAd26-S given on day 0 and rAd5-S on day 21. Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). Secondary outcome measures were antigen-specific cellular immunity (T-cell responses and interferon-γ concentration) and change in neutralising antibodies (detected with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assay). These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04436471 and NCT04437875. FINDINGS: Between June 18 and Aug 3, 2020, we enrolled 76 participants to the two studies (38 in each study). In each study, nine volunteers received rAd26-S in phase 1, nine received rAd5-S in phase 1, and 20 received rAd26-S and rAd5-S in phase 2. Both vaccine formulations were safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were pain at injection site (44 [58%]), hyperthermia (38 [50%]), headache (32 [42%]), asthenia (21 [28%]), and muscle and joint pain (18 [24%]). Most adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were detected. All participants produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein. At day 42, receptor binding domain-specific IgG titres were 14 703 with the frozen formulation and 11 143 with the lyophilised formulation, and neutralising antibodies were 49·25 with the frozen formulation and 45·95 with the lyophilised formulation, with a seroconversion rate of 100%. Cell-mediated responses were detected in all participants at day 28, with median cell proliferation of 2·5% CD4(+) and 1·3% CD8(+) with the frozen formulation, and a median cell proliferation of 1·3% CD4(+) and 1·1% CD8(+) with the lyophilised formulation. INTERPRETATION: The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. Further investigation is needed of the effectiveness of this vaccine for prevention of COVID-19. FUNDING: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620318663 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31866-3 id: cord-272600-0uklma5w author: Loi, Kim Ieng title: Understanding the reactions of government and gaming concessionaires on COVID-19 through the neo-institutional theory – The case of Macao date: 2020-11-02 words: 8922.0 sentences: 439.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272600-0uklma5w.txt summary: This paper looks at how Macao, the world''s most densely populated city, deals with the COVID-19 disease, with a focus on government interventions and responses of the gaming concessionaires who operate integrated resorts. Since there are already ample of articles on the background, development timeline, and overall commentary, this paper adopts a mixed approach by combining supplementary secondary data on the COVID-19 timeline in Macao (focusing on government interventions that can affect the tourism and hospitality industry) and primary qualitative in-depth interviews with senior management personnel (holding positions of Director or above) from major integrated resorts in Macao to get insights on industry strategic responses and expectation on future. The closure of casino operations, coupled with the suspension of group tour and individual traveller visas from Mainland China earlier, the Macao SAR government recorded a 99.7 percent drop in visitor arrivals and the average hotel occupancy rate plunged by 78.6% year-on-year in April (Macao Statistics and Census Department, 2020a, 2020b). abstract: This paper looks at how Macao, the world’s most densely populated city, deals with the COVID-19 disease, with a focus on government interventions and responses of the gaming concessionaires who operate integrated resorts. Macao was selected as the case not only because of the background of the authors, but also because Macao has been cited in many media coverage as a “good practice” example when it comes to fighting against this COVID-19 pandemic situation. Since there are already ample of articles on the background, development timeline, and overall commentary, this paper adopts a mixed approach by combining supplementary secondary data on the COVID-19 timeline in Macao (focusing on government interventions that can affect the tourism and hospitality industry) and primary qualitative in-depth interviews with senior management personnel (holding positions of Director or above) from major integrated resorts in Macao to get insights on industry strategic responses and expectation on future. A total of seven interviews were conducted with senior management members of five integrated resorts in May 2020. Four areas of responses were identified. They are 1. Survival; 2. The New Business Norm; 3. Business Rebound Strategies and 4. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The findings indicate a seemingly utopian scenario among the major integrated resorts and gaming concessionaires in Macao towards their compliance and autonomous actions. The mechanism of this utopian-like scenario is explained by adopting the neo-institutional theory. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102755 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102755 id: cord-272585-346ef6qy author: Lombardi, JM title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department''s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City date: 2020-05-31 words: 5078.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272585-346ef6qy.txt summary: title: Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department''s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. Our institution has been on the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, as we treated "patient zero" in New York City, who presented to our Emergency Department (ED) on February 28 th . Published data by healthcare providers in Asia and Europe demonstrated that the most substantial threat to COVID-19 patient morbidity and mortality was the lack of adequate critical care resources including intensive care unit (ICU) beds and respiratory support [8] [9] . It is vital to note that although redeployment was an important initiative to our department during this time of crisis, our primary concern was to maintain an adequate workforce to meet all orthopaedic surgical demands at our institution. abstract: In a very brief period, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the planet leaving governments, societies and healthcare systems unprepared and under-resourced. New York City now represents the global viral epicenter with roughly one third of all mortalities in the United States. To date, our hospital has treated thousands of COVID-19 positive patients and sits at the forefront of the United States response to this pandemic. The goal of this paper is to share the lessons learned by our spine division during a crisis when hospital resources and personnel are stretched thin. Such experiences include management of elective and emergent cases, outpatient clinics, physician redeployment and general health and wellness. As peak infections spread across the United States, we hope this article will serve as a resource for other spine departments on how to manage patient care and healthcare worker deployment during the COVID-19 crisis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1529943020307609 doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.05.539 id: cord-256689-k7to2amn author: Lombardo, Eduardo title: Publication of COVID‐19 case reports: are we hurrying? date: 2020-06-09 words: 701.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256689-k7to2amn.txt summary: Recently, Oral Diseases published a series of cases regarding oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 (Martín Carreras-Presas et al., 2020) which made us reflect on the tendency to accelerate the process of building scientific papers. Evidence-based medicine considers that clinical case reports are the types of study classified with the lowest level of evidence given their methodological composition (Burns, Rohrich and Chong, 2011) . In the other hand, from a practical point of view, clinical case reports have their importance based on the academic scope and, mainly, within the scope of public policies. Within a health education institution, the elaboration of a case report guides the learning of the formulation of the clinical question, the search for the best evidence and the consistent therapeutic application based on it. In the series of cases on the oral manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, some of the patients were not actually diagnosed with COVID-19, which goes against the title. abstract: The global situation that has been established is worrying due to the pandemic of COVID‐19. In this context, the great majority of government entities have turned their attention even more to the importance of scientific research in solving health issues since public policies must be strongly based on science to perform their function efficiently. We are on the right track when choosing to survive. And surviving means sparing no effort to find a cure. Such a process involves investments and acceleration of steps (Van Norman, 2016). One example is the creation of the CTAP (Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program) by the FDA (U.S Foods And Drugs Administration) to support clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516853/ doi: 10.1111/odi.13466 id: cord-333470-0a0i6vjn author: Lombe, Dorothy C title: Zambia’s National Cancer Centre response to the COVID-19 pandemic—an opportunity for improved care date: 2020-05-28 words: 3347.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333470-0a0i6vjn.txt summary: This article reports the response of a comprehensive cancer centre in a lower-middle income country to prevent COVID-19 transmission and how the implementation of pragmatic strategies have served as a springboard to improve cancer services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems around the globe, prompting several large healthcare organisations and societies to issue guidelines to help prioritise the various aspects of cancer care to mitigate its negative effects [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Due to the above circumstances and concerns, the cancer centre leadership decided to establish a local response taskforce that could formulate, implement, enforce and communicate national measures to maintain the safety of patients and hospital staff. This COVID-19 crisis is being seen as an opportunity to develop a robust referral system so that cancer patients do not have to wait for treatment in Lusaka or travel to and fro across the country but instead arrive for scheduled visits. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems around the globe even in countries with strong economies. This is of particular concern for nations with weaker health systems. This article reports the response of a comprehensive cancer centre in a lower-middle income country to prevent COVID-19 transmission and how the implementation of pragmatic strategies have served as a springboard to improve cancer services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategies included establishment of a local taskforce, increased education and facilitation of good hygiene practices, staff training, patient triaging, improved patient scheduling, remote review of patients and establishing a virtual platform for meetings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32565904/ doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1051 id: cord-316987-3nhqx2qn author: London, Viktoriya title: Caring for Pregnant Patients with COVID-19: Practical Tips Getting from Policy to Practice date: 2020-05-07 words: 1819.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316987-3nhqx2qn.txt summary: In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Two aspects of outpatient care needed to be considered: (1) how to change practice to minimize viral exposure of healthy patients and providers, and (2) how to utilize outpatient resources to off-load some of the inpatient burden of taking care of COVID-19 patients. To address the first point, a system should be implemented to screen all patients by phone for COVID-19-related symptoms and exposure prior to their presentation to perinatal units or outpatient offices. ► COVID-19 ► labor and delivery ► novel coronavirus ► psychosocial challenges ► universal testing Each institution should assign a designated COVID-19 provider. Patients who screen positive should immediately be given a mask, have their cell phone number recorded, and be escorted to a designated, isolated COVID-19 triage room. abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with most American cases in New York. As an institution residing in a high-prevalence zip code, with over 8,000 births annually, we have cared for over 80 COVID-19-infected pregnant women, and have encountered many challenges in applying new national standards for care. In this article, we review how to change outpatient and inpatient practices, develop, and disseminate new hospital protocols, and we highlight the psychosocial challenges for pregnant patients and their providers. Key Points: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information rapidly changes. Multidisciplinary communication is key. This study addresses psychosocial challenges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32380564/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710539 id: cord-268145-0sv6fdtj author: Long, Brit title: Just the Facts: What are the roles of oxygen escalation and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-13 words: 1555.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268145-0sv6fdtj.txt summary: Patients with increased work of breathing and hypoxemia due to COVID-19 who fail escalation of oxygen therapy and demonstrate clinical distress should undergo endotracheal intubation. 2 Wherever possible, patients with respiratory distress or hypoxemia and suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should first be placed in a negative pressure room or private room with the door closed given the potential need for aerosol-generating procedures. 2, 3 Flow rate and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) can be titrated based on patient requirements, reducing anatomical dead space, providing positive pressure, reducing inspiratory effort, and improving dynamic compliance. 1,2 High-flow nasal cannula is also more comfortable than other noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) devices. NIPPV other than high-flow nasal cannula may have a role in the management of hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. You escalate oxygen therapy while using awake repositioning, and, finally with high-flow nasal cannula, the patient''s work of breathing improves and oxygen saturation reaches 90%. abstract: A 37-year-old female presents with cough, fever, dyspnea, and myalgias for five days after recent contact with a family member with confirmed 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Her vital signs include T 38.3° C, HR 108, BP 118/70 mm Hg, RR 26 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 67% on room air. She is not in respiratory distress currently and is protecting her airway. Her chest X-ray reveals bilateral airspace opacities. You plan to immediately intervene and address her hypoxia. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.396 doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.396 id: cord-316058-eh4m5jqz author: Long, Li title: Short-term Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Risk Factors for Progression date: 2020-04-20 words: 1561.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316058-eh4m5jqz.txt summary: With a median follow-up time of 24.0 (17.5–30.0) days, progression occurred in 19.6% moderate, 27.8% severe, 66.7% critical COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate short-term outcomes of patients rated as different severities on admission, and to identify risk factors for progression, thereby, help the management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. On admission, the median disease duration was 6.0 (4.0-9.0) days, and the proportion of mild, moderate, severe, critical cases was 8 (2.6%), 245 (81.4%), 36 (12.0%), 12 (4.0%), respectively. 48 (19.6%) out of the 245 moderate patients experienced progression during hospitalization, among them, 14 (5.7%) turned moderate, 6 (2.5%) were discharged, while 21 (8.6%) were severe, 2 (0.8%) were critical, 5 (2.0%) died at the endpoint. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.973 (hazard ratio *95% CI+: 2.641 *1.421-4.908], p = 0.002), age ≥ 50 years (2.504 *1.202-5.215], p = 0.014), male gender (2.004 [1.101-3.647], p = 0.023), and with comorbidity (1.969 [1.085-3.571], p = 0.026) were identified as risk factors for progression by multivariate Cox regression analyses. abstract: With a median follow-up time of 24.0 (17.5–30.0) days, progression occurred in 19.6% moderate, 27.8% severe, 66.7% critical COVID-19. A neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥2.973, age ≥50 years, male gender, and comorbidity were associated with progression. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00990-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00990-2020 id: cord-311651-v2ff33jd author: Long, Nathaniel title: Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date: 2020-07-15 words: 4424.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311651-v2ff33jd.txt summary: Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools communication with frontline physician educators-to develop strategies for leveraging student capabilities and contributions. In this article, we (1) articulate 4 categories in which medical students can contribute to the work of U.S. AHCs and the wellness of their communities; (2) describe the educational benefits for learners and the alignment with health systems science (HSS) competencies; and (3) highlight a process for coproduction between students, medical schools, and the health system. 28 Those students who developed an evolved skill set-serving as patient navigators for individuals in need, obtaining White and Yellow Belt certifications in Operational Excellence, 29 and honing a nascent systems-based perspective toward health care practice-are the same students who have been organizing themselves to perform similar and additional roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to U.S. health systems, particularly academic health centers (AHCs) that lead in providing advanced clinical care and medical education. No phase of AHC efforts is untouched by the crisis, and medical schools, prioritizing learner welfare, are in the throes of adjusting to suspended clinical activities and virtual classrooms. While health professions students are currently limited in their contributions to direct clinical care, they remain the same smart, innovative, and motivated individuals who chose a career in health care and who are passionate about contributing to the needs of people in troubled times. The groundwork for operationalizing their commitment has already been established through the identification of value-added, participatory roles that support learning and professional development in health systems science (HSS) and clinical skills. This pandemic, with rapidly expanding workforce and patient care needs, has prompted a new look at how students can contribute. At the Penn State College of Medicine, staff and student leaders formed the COVID-19 Response Team to prioritize and align student work with health system needs. Starting in mid-March 2020, the authors used qualitative methods and content analysis of data collated from several sources to identify 4 categories for student contributions: the community, the health care delivery system, the workforce, and the medical school. The authors describe a nimble coproduction process that brings together all stakeholders to facilitate work. The learning agenda for these roles maps to HSS competencies, an evolving requirement for all students. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to harness the capability of students to improve health. Other AHCs may find this operational framework useful both during the COVID-19 pandemic and as a blueprint for responding to future challenges that disrupt systems of education and health care in the United States. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 id: cord-334313-v2syspu6 author: Long, S. Wesley title: Molecular Architecture of Early Dissemination and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Metropolitan Houston, Texas date: 2020-05-03 words: 4525.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334313-v2syspu6.txt summary: We sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains from COVID-19 patients in metropolitan Houston, Texas, an ethnically diverse region with seven million residents. We sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains from COVID-19 patients in metropolitan Houston, Texas, an ethnically diverse region with seven million residents. To better understand the first phase of virus spread in metropolitan Houston, Texas, we sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from COVID-19 patients early in the Houston viral arc. To better understand the first phase of virus spread in metropolitan Houston, Texas, we sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from COVID-19 patients early in the Houston viral arc. Because in vitro resistance of SARS-CoV to remdesivir has been reported to be caused by either of two amino acid replacements in RdRp (Phe476Leu and Val553Leu), we interrogated our data for polymorphisms in the nsp12 gene. abstract: We sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains from COVID-19 patients in metropolitan Houston, Texas, an ethnically diverse region with seven million residents. These genomes were from the viruses causing infections in the earliest recognized phase of the pandemic affecting Houston. Substantial viral genomic diversity was identified, which we interpret to mean that the virus was introduced into Houston many times independently by individuals who had traveled from different parts of the country and the world. The majority of viruses are apparent progeny of strains derived from Europe and Asia. We found no significant evidence of more virulent viral types, stressing the linkage between severe disease, underlying medical conditions, and perhaps host genetics. We discovered a signal of selection acting on the spike protein, the primary target of massive vaccine efforts worldwide. The data provide a critical resource for assessing virus evolution, the origin of new outbreaks, and the effect of host immune response. Significance COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a global pandemic. To better understand the first phase of virus spread in metropolitan Houston, Texas, we sequenced the genomes of 320 SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from COVID-19 patients early in the Houston viral arc. We identified no evidence that a particular strain or its progeny causes more severe disease, underscoring the connection between severe disease, underlying health conditions, and host genetics. Some amino acid replacements in the spike protein suggest positive immune selection is at work in shaping variation in this protein. Our analysis traces the early molecular architecture of SARS-CoV-2 in Houston, and will help us to understand the origin and trajectory of future infection spikes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.072652 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.072652 id: cord-273005-kab6f157 author: Longhurst, Georga J. title: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT) Analysis of the Adaptations to Anatomical Education in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in Response to the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-09 words: 7773.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273005-kab6f157.txt summary: The seven questions that were selected focused around three themes: (1) location of university and size of anatomy team, (2) adaptations to teaching and resources used in lectures and practical sessions and (3) major challenges and opportunities (see Supporting Information 1). Universities identified other opportunities such as upskilling in new technologies (21%), incorporation of blended learning (14%), development of alternative examination methods (7%), and free access to online resources (7%) ( Table 4 ). One academic stated that that this was an "opportunity to improve staff awareness of online teaching methods and their confidence in using them." For anatomists, this is a unique opportunity to assess the educational benefits of this software, encouraged by free licenses offered by many companies during this time, such as "Visible Body" (Argosy Publishing, Inc., Newton, MA) and "Human Biodigital" (Biodigital Inc., Seoul, South Korea). She teaches anatomy to medical, dentistry and allied health students and her research interests include incorporation of technology in anatomical education. abstract: The Covid‐19 pandemic has driven the fastest changes to higher education across the globe, necessitated by social distancing measures preventing face‐to‐face teaching. This has led to an almost immediate switch to distance learning by higher education institutions. Anatomy faces some unique challenges. Intrinsically, anatomy is a three‐dimensional subject that requires a sound understanding of the relationships between structures, often achieved by the study of human cadaveric material, models, and virtual resources. This study sought to identify the approaches taken in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland to deliver anatomical education through online means. Data were collected from 14 different universities in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and compared adopting a thematic analysis approach. Once themes were generated, they were collectively brought together using a strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Key themes included the opportunity to develop new online resources and the chance to engage in new academic collaborations. Academics frequently mentioned the challenge that time constrains could place on the quality and effectiveness of these resources; especially as in many cases the aim of these resources was to compensate for a lack of exposure to cadaveric exposure. Comparisons of the actions taken by multiple higher education institutions reveal the ways that academics have tried to balance this demand. Discussions will facilitate decisions being made by higher education institutions regarding adapting the curriculum and assessment methods in anatomy. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1967 doi: 10.1002/ase.1967 id: cord-336172-nzsa7qhb author: Looi, Jeffrey CL title: To tele- or not to telehealth? Ongoing COVID-19 challenges for private psychiatry in Australia date: 2020-08-26 words: 2010.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336172-nzsa7qhb.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Private psychiatrists may continue to offer the majority of care, where practical, via telepsychiatry to reduce COVID-19 exposure risks, as well as allow for the realities of practice management for pandemic public health measures. The ongoing provision of appropriate remuneration, via MBS telehealth items for such work will improve the clinical and business sustainability of private practices, thus overall strengthening the resilience of private psychiatry and the complementarity with public mental health services. While the existing evidence base for mental health telehealth provision is that patients and practitioners find it practical and effective, 6 specific evaluation of metropolitan private telepsychiatry is needed in terms of outcomes, patient and psychiatrist satisfaction, as well as health economic implications. 2 It is therefore likely that, given a choice, free of the need for COVID-19 pandemic public health measures, the majority of patients and psychiatrists will prefer inperson consultation. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Following a very rapid and significant uptake of metropolitan telepsychiatry in private practice in Australia during COVID-19, practical questions remain: How long should psychiatrists continue telepsychiatry? Are there benefits of continuing: reduced COVID-19 risks to patient and psychiatrist, and flexibility of appointments? Will the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) telehealth items be retained? How does metropolitan telepsychiatry fit into the overall mix of public and private services? This is an important debate. CONCLUSIONS: Private psychiatrists may continue to offer the majority of care, where practical, via telepsychiatry to reduce COVID-19 exposure risks, as well as allow for the realities of practice management for pandemic public health measures. However, consideration has to be given to the potential drawbacks for patients with sight, hearing and illness-related disabilities or risks, when in-person consultation is required. There are also risks: some patients may not benefit from telepsychiatry due to the nature of their illness, and will patients feel rapport is lost? However, the retention of COVID-19 MBS telehealth items is needed for ongoing flexible and comprehensive private practice psychiatry. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220950081 doi: 10.1177/1039856220950081 id: cord-344162-8gbe6qo7 author: Loomba, S. title: Measuring the Impact of Exposure to COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccine Intent in the UK and US date: 2020-10-26 words: 8782.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344162-8gbe6qo7.txt summary: A large suite of complementary data were collected for each individual including socioecono-demographic status (age, gender, highest education level, employment type, religious affiliation, ethnicity, income level), sources of trust for information about COVID-19, political affiliation, social media usage, and reasons for being unsure about taking a COVID-19 vaccine (see Table 1 and Questionnaire, Appendix E). We asked respondents if they had encountered similar images to the ones they were exposed to on social media in the past one month, to explore the relationship between their vaccination intents and pre-study exposure to misinformation or factual information. Contribution of reasons that respondents provide for not being "definitely" sure of taking a COVID-19 vaccine (A, B) and contribution of sources of information that people trust (C, D), to the Pre-Exposure vaccine hesitancy (left of every subfigure) and Susceptibility to vaccine misinformation (right of every sub-figure) as measured by drop in vaccine intent-after controlling for socio-demographics. abstract: The successful development and widespread acceptance of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine will be a major step in fighting the pandemic, yet obtaining high uptake will be a challenging task, worsened by online misinformation. To help inform successful COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in the UK and US, we conducted a survey to quantify how online misinformation impacts COVID-19 vaccine uptake intent and identify socio-economic groups that are most at-risk of non-vaccination and most susceptible to online misinformation. Here, we report findings from nationally representative surveys in the UK and the US conducted in September 2020. We show that recent misinformation around a COVID-19 vaccine induces a fall in vaccination intent among those who would otherwise 'definitely' vaccinate by 6.4 (3.8, 9.0) percentages points in the UK and 2.4 (0.1, 5.0) in the US, with larger decreases found in intent to vaccinate to protect others. We find evidence that socio-econo-demographic, political, and trust factors are associated with low intent to vaccinate and susceptibility to misinformation: notably, older age groups in the US are more susceptible to misinformation. We find evidence that scientific-sounding misinformation relating to COVID-19 and vaccines COVID-19 vaccine misinformation lowers vaccination intent, while corresponding factual information does not. These findings reveal how recent COVID-19 misinformation can impact vaccination rates and suggest pathways to robust messaging campaigns. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.22.20217513v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217513 id: cord-320673-4guarm0k author: Lopera, E. title: Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes date: 2020-04-25 words: 4180.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320673-4guarm0k.txt summary: title: Lack of association between genetic variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and human quantitative phenotypes While large-scale genetic studies of COVID-19 patients are being assembled, such as those coordinated by the COVID host genetics consortium (https://www.covid19hg.com/), it is worthwhile to evaluate the effects of genetic variants in genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection on human phenotypes, including quantitative traits, taking advantage of already existing cohorts. Therefore, understanding the role of genetic variants at genes essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection in human quantitative phenotypes is important to explain the observed variability in infection susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and this understanding may suggest potential treatments. In conclusion we carried out an extensive screening of potential genetic associations at common and low frequency variants in the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes, and found a lack of substantial effect in human quantitative phenotype variation in the general population. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a wide variation in expression and severity of symptoms, from very mild or no symptomes, to flu-like symptoms, and in more severe cases, to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Large differences in outcome have also been observed between males and females. The causes for this variability are likely to be multifactorial, and to include genetics. The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the infection uses the human receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell invasion, and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. Genetic variation in these two genes may thus modulate an individual's genetic predisposition to infection and virus clearance. While genetic data on COVID-19 patients is being gathered, we carried out a phenome-wide association scan (PheWAS) to investigate the role of these genes in other human phenotypes in the general population. We examined 178 quantitative phenotypes including cytokines and cardio-metabolic biomarkers, as well as 58 medications in 36,339 volunteers from the Lifelines population biobank, in relation to 1,273 genetic variants located in or near ACE2 and TMPRSS2. While none reached our threshold for significance, we observed a suggestive association of polymorphisms within the ACE2 gene with (1) the use of ARBs combination therapies (p=5.7x10-4), an association that is significantly stronger in females (pdiff=0.01), and (2) with the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products (p=5.5x10-4). While these associations need to be confirmed in larger sample sizes, they suggest that these variants play a role in diseases such as hypertension and chronic inflammation that are often observed in the more severe COVID-19 cases. Further investigation of these genetic variants in the context of COVID-19 is thus promising for better understanding of disease variability. Full results are available at https://covid19research.nl. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20074963v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074963 id: cord-326051-p9017jx8 author: Lopes, Agnaldo José title: Comparison Between Lung Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Findings in Patients With COVID‐19 Pneumonia date: 2020-09-30 words: 4699.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326051-p9017jx8.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe findings from lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT) in health professionals with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and to evaluate the associations of the findings of both tests. METHODS: This cross‐sectional observational study evaluated 45 health professionals who were initially seen in screening tents and had a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 as confirmed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and lung involvement diagnosed by LUS. 4 Some chest imaging modalities, including lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT), have gained prominence in evaluating lung involvement in COVID-19 in patients with respiratory manifestations. 15, 16 In this study, the following were the main findings: In health professionals with COVID-19 pneumonia, LUS was a very sensitive test for the detection of lung lesions; almost 20% of our cases involved normal CT results despite changes on LUS. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe findings from lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT) in health professionals with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and to evaluate the associations of the findings of both tests. METHODS: This cross‐sectional observational study evaluated 45 health professionals who were initially seen in screening tents and had a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 as confirmed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and lung involvement diagnosed by LUS. Subsequently, these individuals were admitted to the hospital, where chest CT was performed. Aeration scores were obtained for the LUS examinations based on the following findings: more than 2 B‐lines, coalescent B‐lines, and subpleural consolidations. A subjective assessment of the extent of lung disease on CT was performed on the basis of the percentage of lung parenchyma involvement as follows: 25% or less, 25% to 50%, and greater than 50%. RESULTS: Regarding LUS signs, more than 2 B‐lines, coalescent B‐lines, and subpleural consolidations were present in 73.3%, 68.2%, and 24.4% of cases, respectively. The main findings on CT were ground glass opacities, a crazy‐paving pattern, and consolidations (66.7%, 20%, and 20% of cases); 17.8% of cases had examinations without abnormalities. Patients with more than 2 B‐lines on LUS had more ground glass opacity areas on CT (P = .0007), whereas patients with subpleural consolidations on LUS had more consolidations on CT (P < .0001). In addition, patients with higher LUS aeration scores had more extensive disease on CT (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lung ultrasound can detect lung injury even in the presence of normal CT results. There are associations between the abnormalities detected by both methods, and a relationship also exists between LUS aeration scores and the disease extent on CT. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15521 doi: 10.1002/jum.15521 id: cord-282589-xof56j98 author: Lopes, M. I. F. title: Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial date: 2020-08-11 words: 3972.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282589-xof56j98.txt summary: We present the interim analysis of a single-center randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of colchicine for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19, with 38 patients allocated 1:1 from April 11 to July 06, 2020. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial to evaluate the use of colchicine for the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. As secondary endpoints we assessed clinical and laboratory parameters: measures of serum CRP, serum LDH and relation neutrophil to lymphocyte of peripheral blood samples from day zero to day 7; the number, type, and severity of adverse events; frequency of interruption of the study protocol due to adverse events; and frequency of QT interval above 450 ms. Patients who received colchicine in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial presented better evolution in terms of the need for supplemental oxygen and the length of hospitalization. abstract: Introduction. Neutrophilia and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators of inflammation are common finds in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19. By its action on leukocytes, we propose colchicine as an intervention worthy of being tested. Objective. To evaluate whether the addition of colchicine to standard treatment for COVID-19 results in better outcomes. Methods. We present the interim analysis of a single-center randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of colchicine for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19, with 38 patients allocated 1:1 from April 11 to July 06, 2020. Colchicine regimen was 0.5 mg thrice daily for 5 days, then 0.5 mg twice daily for 5 days. The first dose was 1.0 mg whether body weight was [≥] 80 kg. Endpoints. The primary endpoints were the need for supplemental oxygen; time of hospitalization; need for admission and length of stay in intensive care units; and death rate and causes of mortality. As secondary endpoints, we assessed: serum C-reactive protein, serum Lactate dehydrogenase and relation neutrophil to lymphocyte of peripheral blood samples from day zero to day 7; the number, type, and severity of adverse events; frequency of interruption of the study protocol due to adverse events; and frequency of QT interval above 450 ms. Results. Thirty-five patients (18 for Placebo and 17 for Colchicine) completed the study. Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic, clinical and laboratory data at baseline. Median (and interquartile range) time of need for supplemental oxygen was 3.0 (1.5-6.5) days for the Colchicine group and 7.0 (3.0-8.5) days for Placebo group (p = 0.02). Median (IQR) time of hospitalization was 6.0 (4.0-8.5) days for the Colchicine group and 8.5 (5.5-11.0) days for Placebo group (p = 0.03). At day 2, 53% vs 83% of patients maintained the need for supplemental oxygen, while at day 7 the values were 6% vs 39%, in the Colchicine and Placebo groups, respectively (log rank; p = 0.01). Hospitalization was maintained for 53% vs 78% of patients at day 5 and 6% vs 17% at day 10, for the Colchicine and Placebo groups, respectively (log rank; p = 0.01). One patient per group needed admission to ICU. No recruited patient died. At day 4, patients of Colchicine group presented significant reduction of serum C-reactive protein compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The majority of adverse events were mild and did not lead to patient withdrawal. Diarrhea was more frequent in the Colchicine group (p = 0.17). Cardiac adverse events were absent. Discussion. The use of colchicine reduced the length of supplemental oxygen therapy and the length of hospitalization. Clinical improvement was in parallel with a reduction on serum levels of C-reactive protein. The drug was safe and well tolerated. Colchicine may be considered a beneficial and not expensive option for COVID-19 treatment. Clinical trials with larger numbers of patients should be conducted to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine as an adjunctive therapy for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.06.20169573v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.06.20169573 id: cord-266463-ci0g1dno author: Lopes, Renato D. title: Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-13 words: 5179.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266463-ci0g1dno.txt summary: title: Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Secondary outcomes include progression of COVID-19 disease, all-cause mortality, death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, new or worsening heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure, hemodynamic decompensation, sepsis, renal failure, troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal-pro hormone and D-dimer levels. The secondary objectives are to compare the impact of continued use versus discontinuation of reninangiotensin system inhibition on COVID-19 disease severity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, new or worsening heart failure, hypertensive crisis, transient ischemic attack, and stroke at 30 days. Patients ≥18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who are on chronic renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (ACEI/ARB) therapy will be assessed for the BRACE CORONA trial. abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) may increase due to upregulation in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Because renin-angiotensin system blockers increase levels of ACE2, a protein that facilitates coronavirus entry into cells, there is concern that these drugs could increase the risk of developing a severe and fatal form of COVID-19. The impact of discontinuing ACEI and ARBs in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain. DESIGN BRACE CORONA is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, phase IV, clinical trial that aims to enroll around 500 participants at 32 sites in Brazil. Participants will be identified from an ongoing national registry of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19. Eligible patients using renin-angiotensin system blockers (ACEI/ARBs) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be randomized to a strategy of continued ACEI/ARB treatment versus temporary discontinuation for 30 days. The primary outcome is the median days alive and out of the hospital at 30 days. Secondary outcomes include progression of COVID-19 disease, all-cause mortality, death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, new or worsening heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, respiratory failure, hemodynamic decompensation, sepsis, renal failure, troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, N-terminal-pro hormone and D-dimer levels. SUMMARY: BRACE CORONA will evaluate whether the strategy of continued ACEI/ARB therapy compared with temporary discontinuation of these drugs impacts clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.05.002 id: cord-292611-5os99sve author: Lopes, Renato D. title: Anticoagulation in COVID-19: It Is Time for High-Quality Evidence date: 2020-10-20 words: 221.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292611-5os99sve.txt summary: key: cord-292611-5os99sve cord_uid: 5os99sve There are many challenges to conducting randomized controlled trials, especially in the face of a pandemic, but they are necessary to determine whether and how treatments affect outcomes. Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: awareness of an increased prevalence Evidence-based practical guidance for the antithrombotic management in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020 COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC State-ofthe-Art Review Anticoagulation, bleeding, mortality, and pathology in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Randomized trials versus common sense and clinical observation: JACC Review Topic of the Week Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients Heparin thromboprophylaxis in medical-surgical critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients COVID-19, randomized controlled trials JACC abstract: [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059827/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.008 id: cord-328147-61gtx2h2 author: Lopez-Mendez, Ivan title: Association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 words: 2662.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328147-61gtx2h2.txt summary: In Mexico, 72.5% of the adult population is overweight and 9.4% have T2DM(4) Additionally, the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in Mexico ranges from 14 .4% to 62.9%, (5) and he prevalence of liver fibrosis has been reported in 8.1% (noninvasive assessment).(6) Currently, Mexico City is one of the most affected regions in the world with rising numbers of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19, and we have very few data regarding GI symptoms and LFT abnormalities and their prognostic value in Mexican patients. They also represent a challenge for therapeutic maneuvers such as imaging diagnosis, intubation, mechanical ventilation, and pronation, among others.(11) A meta-analysis including 3,207 patients with COVID-19 described that underlying chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were higher in critical/non-surviving patients; clinical manifestations such as fever and dyspnea were also associated with the progression of the disease.(12) We found similar results in our study, with dyspnea as the most important associated symptom for ICU admission with OR 4.07 (CI95% 1.6-9.86). abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Liver function tests (LFT) abnormalities are reported in up to 50% of COVID-19 patients, metabolic comorbidities are associated with poorer outcomes. The aim of the study is to determine prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with COVID-19 and their association with clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Risk for liver steatosis was estimated by HSI > 36, and risk for advanced liver fibrosis with APRI > 1.0, NAFLD FS > 0.675 and/or FIB-4 > 3.25. Clinical outcomes were admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mortality. RESULTS: Of 155 patients, 71.6% were male (n = 111), and 28.4% (n = 44) were obese. Abnormal LFT were present in 96.8% (n = 150), prevalence of steatosis was 42.6% (n = 66) and of significative liver fibrosis was 44.5% (n = 69). Liver fibrosis by FIB-4 was associated with risk of ICU admission (OR 1.74 [95%CI 1.74-2.68; p = 0.023]) and mortality (OR 6.45 [95%CI 2.01-20.83, p = 0.002]), no independent associations were found. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of steatosis and significant liver fibrosis was high in COVID-19 patients but was not associated with clinical outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1665268120301861 doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.09.015 id: cord-290140-mmbzxz06 author: Lord, Heidi title: Effective communication is key to ICU nurses willingness to provide nursing care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 words: 2982.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290140-mmbzxz06.txt summary: METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses'' willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. This prospective cross-sectional study design to explore ICU nurses'' willingness to provide nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. Information collected in the questionnaire included: (1) demographic data (age, gender, employment status, and length of time worked as a registered nurse and in the ICU, (2) willingness to work in ICU during the pandemic (1 item) (3) knowledge about COVID-19 (4 items), (4) communication from managers about COVID-19 (2 items), (5) preparedness of the ICU (2 items) and (6) personal concerns about COVID-19 (1 item). Only scores for knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, communication from managers, preparedness of the ICU and personal concerns scores were included in a standard multiple linear regression analysis to determine the predictors of willingness to provide nursing care. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic posed and continues to pose challenges for health care systems globally, particularly to Intensive Care Units (ICU). At the forefront of the ICU are highly trained nurses with a professional obligation to care for patients with COVID-19 despite the potential to become infected. The aim of this study was to explore ICU nurses’ willingness to care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study to explore ICU nurses’ willingness to provide care during the COVID-19 pandemic was undertaken between 25 March to 3 April 2020 at a large principal and referral teaching hospital in Sydney, NSW Australia. RESULTS: A total of 83 ICU nurses completed the survey. Approximately 60% reported receiving sufficient information from managers regarding COVID-19 and about caring for a patient with COVID-19. Ninety percent of nurses were concerned about spreading COVID-19 to their family. Sixty one percent of the nurses indicated that they were willing to care for patients with COVID-19. Receiving timely communication from managers was the only predictor of willingness to care among ICU nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Effective communication is a vital component during a public health emergency in order to promote nurses’ willingness to care for patients in the ICU. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096433972030149X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102946 id: cord-314081-6y5ibktt author: Lorente, Leonardo title: Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-11-07 words: 4257.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314081-6y5ibktt.txt summary: PURPOSE: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30-day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR = 1.659; 95% CI = 1.130-2.434; p = 0.01); APACHE-II and platelet count (OR = 2.062; 95% CI = 1.359-3.129; p = 0.001); and pH and urea (OR = 1.797; 95% CI = 1.250-2.582; p = 0.002). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR = 1.659; 95% CI = 1.130-2.434; p = 0.01), APACHE-II and platelet count (OR = 2.062; 95% CI = 1.359-3.129; p = 0.001), and arterial pH and urea (OR = 1.797; 95% CI = 1.250-2.582; p = 0.002) ( Table 4 ). abstract: PURPOSE: We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. However, no association between RDW and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported so far; thus, the objective of this study was to determine if that association exists. METHODS: Prospective and observational study carried out in 8 Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals of Canary Islands (Spain) including COVID-19 patients. We recorded RDW at ICU admission and 30-day survival. RESULTS: We found that patients who did not survive (n = 25) compared to surviving patients (n = 118) were older (p = 0.004), showed higher RDW (p = 0.001), urea (p < 0.001), APACHE-II (p < 0.001) and SOFA (p < 0.001), and lower platelet count (p = 0.007) and pH (p = 0.008). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30-day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR = 1.659; 95% CI = 1.130-2.434; p = 0.01); APACHE-II and platelet count (OR = 2.062; 95% CI = 1.359-3.129; p = 0.001); and pH and urea (OR = 1.797; 95% CI = 1.250-2.582; p = 0.002). The area under the curve (AUC) of RDW for mortality prediction was of 71% (95% CI = 63-78%; p < 0.001). We did not find significant differences in the predictive capacity between RDW and SOFA (p = 0.66) or between RDW and APACHE-II (p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new information regarding the ability to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19. There is an association between high RDW and mortality. RDW has a good performance to predict 30-day mortality, similar to other severity scores (such as APACHE II and SOFA) but easier and faster to obtain. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.013 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.013 id: cord-314512-60dk9zma author: Lorente, Leonardo title: Altas Concentraciones Séricas De Nitratos En Pacientes COVID-19 Fallecidos date: 2020-11-10 words: 3096.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314512-60dk9zma.txt summary: Conclusions: The main novel finding was the association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients controlling for the SOFA or APACHE-II scores, though larger studies are needed to confirm this observation. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the potential association between serum nitrate levels and mortality of COVID-19 patients. We performed logistic regression analyses to determine the possible association between serum nitrate levels and 30-day mortality after to control by SOFA or APACHE-II. We think that this association between high serum nitrate levels and high COVID-19 patients mortality found in our study could be due to a higher nitric oxide production which lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, bioenergetic failure and cellular toxicity and all this can contribute to organ dysfunction and finally the death of the patients. abstract: Objetivo: Se han encontrado niveles más elevados de nitratos en la sangre de pacientes con enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) que en sujetos sanos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de estudio consistió en explorar la posible asociación entre los niveles séricos de nitratos y la mortalidad de pacientes COVID-19. Diseño: Estudio observacional y prospectivo Ámbito: Ocho Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de 6 hospitales de las islas canarias (España). Pacientes: Pacientes COVID-19 ingresados en UCI Intervenciones: Se midieron los niveles séricos de nitratos al ingreso en UCI. Variable de interés principal: Mortalidad a los 30 días Resultados: Los pacientes fallecidos (n=11) comparados con los supervivientes (n=42) presentaron mayores APACHE-II (p<0.001), SOFA (p=0.004) y niveles séricos de nitratos (p=0.001). Los análisis de regresión logística mostraron una asociación entre los niveles séricos de nitratos al ingreso en UCI y la mortalidad a los 30 días controlando por SOFA (OR=1.021; 95% CI=1.006-1.036; p=0.01) o APACHE-II (OR=1.023; 95% CI=1.006-1.041; p=0.01). No encontramos diferencias en el área bajo la curva (ABC) para la predicción de mortalidad entre los niveles séricos de nitratos (ABC=83%; 95% CI=73-92%; p<0.001), APACHE II (ABC=85%; 95% CI=75-96%; p<0.001) y SOFA (ABC=78%; 95% CI=63-92%; p=0.005) con el método de DeLong. El análisis de Kaplan-Meier mostró que los pacientes que tenían niveles séricos de nitratos al ingreso en UCI>68.4 μmol/L presentaban mayor riesgo de fallecer (Hazard ratio=138.8; 95% CI=22.3-863.9; p<0.001). Conclusiones: El principal nuevo hallazgo fue la asociación entre los niveles séricos de nitratos y la mortalidad de pacientes COVID-19 controlando por SOFA o APACHE-II; pero estudios de mayor tamaño muestral son necesarios para confirmar este resultado. Objective: Higher blood nitrate and nitrite levels have been found in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients than in healthy subjects. The present study explores the potential association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Design: A prospective observation study was carried out. Setting: Eight Intensive Care Units (ICUs) from 6 hospitals in the Canary Islands (Spain). Patients: COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Interventions: Determination of serum nitrate levels at ICU admission. Main variable of interest: Mortality at 30 days. Results: Non-surviving (n=11) compared to surviving patients (n=42) showed higher APACHE-II (p<0.001) and SOFA scores (p=0.004), and higher serum nitrate levels (p=0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed serum nitrate levels to be associated to 30-day mortality after controlling for SOFA (OR=1.021; 95%CI=1.006-1.036; p=0.01) or APACHE-II (OR=1.023; 95%CI=1.006-1.041; p=0.01). There were no differences in the area under the curve (AUC) for mortality prediction by serum nitrate levels (AUC=83%; 95%CI=73-92%; p<0.001), APACHE II (AUC=85%; 95%CI=75-96%; p<0.001) and SOFA (AUC=78%; 95%CI=63-92%; p=0.005) based on the DeLong method. The Kaplan-Meier analysis found patients with serum nitrates levels >68.4 μmol/l to have a higher mortality rate (hazard ratio=138.8; 95%CI=22.3-863.9; p<0.001). Conclusions: The main novel finding was the association between serum nitrate levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients controlling for the SOFA or APACHE-II scores, though larger studies are needed to confirm this observation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0210569120303363?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.10.003 id: cord-260980-tyf3fuz9 author: Lorenzo Villalba, Noel title: Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? date: 2020-04-03 words: 1211.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260980-tyf3fuz9.txt summary: title: Anosmia and Dysgeusia in the Absence of Other Respiratory Diseases: Should COVID-19 Infection Be Considered? We describe two elderly patients evaluated at emergency departments for anosmia/dysgeusia in the absence of any other respiratory symptoms prior to or upon admission. Upon admission, the patient was afebrile, his blood pressure was 110/80 mmHg, heart rate was 82 bmp and oxygen saturation was 94% on room air. Anosmia, hyposmia and dysgeusia in the absence of other respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis or chronic rhinosinusitis, should alert physicians to the possibility of COVID-19 infection and prompt serious consideration of self-isolation and testing of these individuals. Anosmia and dysgeusia should prompt COVID-19 infection screening even in the absence of classic respiratory symptoms in the present epidemiological context. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms abstract: We describe two elderly patients evaluated at emergency departments for anosmia/dysgeusia in the absence of any other respiratory symptoms prior to or upon admission. In the current epidemiological context, clinical and biological work-up led to a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Unfortunately, one of the patients died during hospitalization, but the other recovered and was discharged. LEARNING POINTS: In the current epidemiological situation, anosmia and dysgeusia in the absence of other respiratory conditions should be carefully evaluated. Special attention should be given to patients with non-classic COVID-19 symptoms in order to reduce transmission and protect health providers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32309267/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001641 id: cord-351972-whl0w54u author: Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel title: Cutaneous Complications Secondary to Haemostasis Abnormalities in COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-12 words: 1120.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351972-whl0w54u.txt summary: Therapeutic anticoagulation was initiated and 2 days later, the minimal dermatoporosis lesions previously present in the upper extremities evolved to haemorrhagic bullae with intra-bullae blood clots and dissecting haematomas. On day 25, the minimal dermatoporosis lesions previously presented evolved in the upper extremities to haemorrhagic bullae. The pre-existing minimal dermatoporosis lesions progressed to dissecting haematomas due to multiple factors: the existing minimal dermatoporosis, anticoagulation therapy and coagulation abnormalities due to COVID-19 infection. Many risk factors such age (dermatoporosis), recent trauma, corticoid treatment, anticoagulation therapy (50%: 30% antiplatelet, 20% anti-vitamin K inhibitors) and coagulation disturbances have been related to this condition. Dissecting haematomas cause significant morbidity with the patient needing hospitalization and urgent surgical procedures as in the present case. In the case presented, they resulted from a combination of various factors: minimal dermatoporosis, anticoagulation therapy and coagulation abnormalities due to COVID-19 infection. abstract: We describe the case of a patient hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure in a standard medical ward. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with COVID-19 and transferred to a special unit. The clinical course was marked by worsening of the respiratory disease, the development of right parotiditis and thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein. Therapeutic anticoagulation was initiated and 2 days later, the minimal dermatoporosis lesions previously present in the upper extremities evolved to haemorrhagic bullae with intra-bullae blood clots and dissecting haematomas. Surgical management of the dissecting haematomas was difficult in the context of haemostasis abnormalities. The patient died 29 days after hospital admission. LEARNING POINTS: Single room accommodation should be preferred to double room accommodation in standard wards during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anticoagulation therapy and the presence of lupus anticoagulant may induce cutaneous complications during COVID-19 infection. The discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy did not help improve the management of cutaneous lesions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665938/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001769 id: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author: Lorusso, Domenica title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 words: 3312.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is possible to alleviate redundancy in clinical trials, and while preserving the rigour of a study, can offer a new, less burdened and more inclusive vision of clinical research for the scientific community of tomorrow. Data from China reported that patients with cancer who are infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, compared with the general population. 4 Although conversion to telemedicine has maintained the continuity of care for many patients, the COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted clinical research and many cancer centres halted clinical trial activities including patient recruitment. COVID-19 has pointed out that sometimes, high level of bureaucracy in research rules place unnecessary burdens on patients and clinicians and it suggests that it is time to alleviate bureaucracy and introduce some practical changes into research organisation that will possibly promote patient access to trials and reduce the costs of the clinical research. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051193/ doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000924 id: cord-329626-lsbny5to author: Losada-Baltar, Andrés title: “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 words: 3341.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329626-lsbny5to.txt summary: Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Drawing upon the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) , which highlights the relevance of personal or social resources for understanding the differences in distress between individuals, the objective of this study is to analyze the capacity of variables related to the outbreak of COVID-19 to explain loneliness and distress in people exposed to COVID-19 lock-down scenario, controlling for sociodemographic variables (including age and selfperceptions of aging), and personal and family resources. The variables with a significant contribution to explaining distress in the final model were: being female, of lower chronological age, higher negative self-perceptions about aging, more time devoted to COVID-19 information, more contact with other relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer daily positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower reported quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Families are going through a very stressful time because of the COVID-19 outbreak, with age being a risk factor for this illness. Negative self-perceptions of aging, among other personal and relational variables may be associated with loneliness and distress caused by the pandemic crisis. METHOD: Participants are 1310 Spanish people (age range: 18-88 years) during a lock-down period at home. In addition to specific questions about risk for COVID-19, self-perceptions of aging, family and personal resources, loneliness and psychological distress were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were done for assessing the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress. RESULTS: The measured variables allow for an explanation of 48% and 33% of the variance of distress and loneliness, respectively. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, lower contact with relatives, higher self-perception as a burden, fewer positive emotions, lower resources for entertaining oneself, lower quality of sleep and higher expressed emotion were associated with higher loneliness. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa048 doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa048 id: cord-319091-hkuc2xqm author: Loscocco, Giuseppe G. title: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 words: 617.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319091-hkuc2xqm.txt summary: In a Letter to the Editor published online on May 12 on International Journal of Hematology [1] , Prof Takami exposed, competently, the possibility to treat secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) in COVID-19 patients with low-dose etoposide. The main point, as speculated by the author, is the potential use of low-dose etoposide to restore immunological homeostasis by depleting activated Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and suppressing their production of inflammatory cytokines, which reduces the activity of macrophages and leads to the elimination of activated macrophages and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by newly activated CTLs. This interesting hypothesis is based (as written by the author) on a recent report by Mehta and colleagues [2] in which "all 35 patients with severe COVID-19 showed hemophagocytosis on bone marrow (BM) aspirates, cytopenia of two or more lineages, and increased serum ferritin levels (≥ 2000 ng/mL)". Possible role of low-dose etoposide therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474804/ doi: 10.1007/s12185-020-02895-w id: cord-290209-gkx57lyq author: Losurdo, Pasquale title: Impact of lockdown for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on surgical site infection rates: a monocentric observational cohort study date: 2020-09-14 words: 4094.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290209-gkx57lyq.txt summary: At multivariate analysis, the measures to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 spread (OR 0.368; p 0.05) were independently associated with the reduction for total, superficial and deep SSIs. Moreover, the presence of drains (OR 4.99; p 0.009) and a Type III–IV of SWC (OR 1.8; p 0.001) demonstrated a worse effect regarding the primary endpoint. The presence of a drain and a contaminated or dirty type of surgery (according to SWC) could increase the overall rate of SSIs, but the presence of a drain did not demonstrate an increased risk of superficial and/or deep SSIs. On the other hand, protection with surgical masks for both patient and surgeon during the post-operative period in the surgical unit and the absence of visitors, dramatically reduced superficial and deep SSIs. These two simple precautions emerged as independently associated with the reduction of both superficial and deep SSIs. Quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing SSI rates are often hindered by limited or even conflicting evidence for proposed interventions to reduce SSI [33] . Surgery and the postoperative management of surgical wound carries a non-negligible risk of SSIs. In this study, we provided important insights into the superficial and deep surgical site infection risk assessment for patients who underwent surgery. abstract: Surgical site infections are the most common in-hospital acquired infections. The aim of this study and the primary endpoint is to evaluate how the measures to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 spreading affected the superficial and deep SSI rate. A total of 541 patients were included. Of those, 198 from March to April 2018, 220 from March till April 2019 and 123 in the COVID-19 era from March to April 2020. The primary endpoint occurred in 39 over 541 patients. In COVID-19 era, we reported a lower rate of global SSIs (3.3% vs. 8.4%; p 0.035), few patients developed a superficial SSIs (0.8% vs. 3.4%; p 0.018) and none experienced deep SSIs (0% vs. 3.4%; p 0.025). Comparing the previous two “COVID-19-free” years, no significative differences were reported. At multivariate analysis, the measures to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 spread (OR 0.368; p 0.05) were independently associated with the reduction for total, superficial and deep SSIs. Moreover, the presence of drains (OR 4.99; p 0.009) and a Type III–IV of SWC (OR 1.8; p 0.001) demonstrated a worse effect regarding the primary endpoint. Furthermore, the presence of the drain was not associated with an increased risk of superficial and deep SSIs. In this study, we provided important insights into the superficial and deep SSIs risk assessment for patients who underwent surgery. Simple and easily viable precautions such as wearing surgical masks and the restriction of visitors emerged as promising tools for the reduction of SSIs risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32926340/ doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00884-6 id: cord-345064-it26ygo6 author: Lotzin, Annett title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 words: 4685.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345064-it26ygo6.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO''s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The study will examine the relationships between these complex risk and resilience factors, stressors, coping behaviour and stress-related symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries. In addition to the core set of measures described above, each participating country may include optional instruments to assess the following constructs: resilience, coping behaviours, symptoms of depression, and positive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the people in Europe are exposed to self-isolation, quarantine, job loss, risk of contracting COVID-19, or grief of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. This research protocol describes a study launched by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of adjustment disorder across European countries. OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. METHOD: In ten countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden), between 1,000 and 2,000 participants will be recruited, depending on the size of the country. Participants will be assessed at two timepoints with a six-month interval. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO’s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The Adjustment Disorder New Module 8 (ADNM-8) will be used to assess symptoms of adjustment disorder. As a secondary measure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be measure using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). DATA ANALYSIS: The relative contribution of risk factors, resilience factors, and stressors on symptoms of adjustment disorder or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be estimated using multilevel analysis. To determine the moderating effects of different types of coping behaviours on these relationships, a multilevel mediation analysis will be carried out. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 id: cord-277548-hgmmtew3 author: Lou, Emil title: Perspectives of cancer patients and their health during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-30 words: 2839.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277548-hgmmtew3.txt summary: Participants receiving active treatment reported greater concern about infection from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (p<0.001), higher levels of family distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.004), and greater concern that the general public does not adequately understand the seriousness of COVID-19 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing active treatment for cancer were most concerned about the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the logistics as well as potential efficacy of ongoing cancer treatment, longer term effects, and overarching societal concerns that the population at large is not as concerned about the public health implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary objective of this survey study was to compare emotional well-being and decision-making among cancer patients undergoing therapy during the COVID-19 health crisis to two control groups: 1) cancer survivors who are not currently undergoing treatment and 2) those without a history of cancer. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The immunosuppressive nature of some cancers and many cancer-directed treatments may increase the risk of infection with and severe sequelae from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to compare concerns about COVID-19 among individuals undergoing cancer treatment to those with a history of cancer not currently receiving therapy and to those without a cancer history. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional anonymous online survey study of adults currently residing in the United States. Participants were recruited over a one-week period (April 3–11, 2020) using promoted advertisements on Facebook and Twitter. Groups were compared using chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and t-tests. RESULTS: 543 respondents from 47 states provided information on their cancer history and were included in analyses. Participants receiving active treatment reported greater concern about infection from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (p<0.001), higher levels of family distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.004), and greater concern that the general public does not adequately understand the seriousness of COVID-19 (p = 0.04). Those with metastatic disease were more likely to indicate that COVID-19 had negatively affected their cancer care compared to patients with non-metastatic cancer (50.8% vs. 31.0%; p = 0.02). The most commonly reported treatment modifications included chemotherapy delays. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing active treatment for cancer were most concerned about the short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the logistics as well as potential efficacy of ongoing cancer treatment, longer term effects, and overarching societal concerns that the population at large is not as concerned about the public health implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241741 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241741 id: cord-256556-1zea3wa1 author: Lou, Yan title: Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial date: 2020-10-25 words: 4228.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256556-1zea3wa1.txt summary: The percentage of patients who turned viral negative after 14-day treatment was 70%, 77%, and 100% in the baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, and control group respectively, with the medians of time from randomization to clinical improvement was 14, 14 and 15 days, respectively. Then, an exploratory single center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding baloxavir marboxil or favipiravir to the current standard antiviral treatment in patients confirmed as COVID-19 who are still positive for the SARS-CoV-2 (ChiCTR2000029544). This trial was an exploratory single center, open-label, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding baloxavir marboxil or favipiravir to the current standard antiviral treatment in patients confirmed as COVID-19 who are still positive for the SARS-CoV-2 (ChiCTR2000029544). The activity against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in vitro for the antiviral drugs used in this trial, including arbidol, ritonavir, lopinavir, darunavir, baloxavir acid, and favipiravir. abstract: Background: Effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are still lacking. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and plasma concentrations of baloxavir acid and favipiravir in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Favipiravir and baloxavir acid were evaluated for their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro before the trial initiation. We conducted an exploratory trial with 3 arms involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19. Patients were randomized assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into baloxavir marboxil group, favipiravir group, and control group. The primary outcome was the percentage of subjects with viral negative by Day 14 and the time from randomization to clinical improvement. Virus load reduction, blood drug concentration and clinical presentation were also observed. The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR 2000029544). Results: Baloxavir acid showed antiviral activity in vitro with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of 5.48 μM comparable to arbidol and lopinavir, but favipiravir didn't demonstrate significant antiviral activity up to 100 μM. Thirty patients were enrolled. The percentage of patients who turned viral negative after 14-day treatment was 70%, 77%, and 100% in the baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, and control group respectively, with the medians of time from randomization to clinical improvement was 14, 14 and 15 days, respectively. One reason for the lack of virological effect and clinical benefits may be due to insufficient concentrations of these drugs relative to their antiviral activities. One of the limitations of this study is the time from symptom onset to randomization, especially in the baloxavir marboxil and control groups, which is higher than the favipiravir group. Conclusions: Our findings could not prove a benefit of addition of either baloxavir marboxil or favipiravir under the trial dosages to the existing standard treatment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092809872030419X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105631 id: cord-285103-lj2vmbik author: Louie, Philip K. title: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Surgeons Worldwide date: 2020-05-06 words: 3616.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285103-lj2vmbik.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In this first, international study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgeons worldwide, we identified overall/regional variations and infection rate. The medical community has provided treatment algorithms, protocols for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), resource allocation, and collaborative efforts to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 6 ; however, the standardization and global acceptance of such protocols remain under question, and not all centers have such resources in abundance. The current study addressed the multidimensional impact of COVID-19 on health care professionals, particularly spine surgeons, worldwide. With >900 respondents worldwide, we noted variations between regions for COVID-19 testing, government/leadership perceptions, impact of media/news outlets, hospital capacity for COVID-19, and economic consequences. Despite these limitations, this remains the largest international survey to assess multiple domains of impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had among health care professions, in this case surgeons. abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, international survey. OBJECTIVES: The current study addressed the multi-dimensional impact of COVID-19 upon healthcare professionals, particularly spine surgeons, worldwide. Secondly, it aimed to identify geographical variations and similarities. METHODS: A multi-dimensional survey was distributed to surgeons worldwide. Questions were categorized into domains: demographics, COVID-19 observations, preparedness, personal impact, patient care, and future perceptions. RESULTS: 902 spine surgeons representing 7 global regions completed the survey. 36.8% reported co-morbidities. Of those that underwent viral testing, 15.8% tested positive for COVID-19, and testing likelihood was region-dependent; however, 7.2% would not disclose their infection to their patients. Family health concerns were greatest stressor globally (76.0%), with anxiety levels moderately high. Loss of income, clinical practice and current surgical management were region-dependent, whereby 50.4% indicated personal-protective-equipment were not adequate. 82.3% envisioned a change in their clinical practice as a result of COVID-19. More than 33% of clinical practice was via telemedicine. Research output and teaching/training impact was similar globally. 96.9% were interested in online medical education. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to manage COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this first, international study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgeons worldwide, we identified overall/regional variations and infection rate. The study raises awareness of the needs and challenges of surgeons that will serve as the foundation to establish interventions and guidelines to face future public health crises. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2192568220925783 doi: 10.1177/2192568220925783 id: cord-285818-eh12luma author: Louis, Shreya title: Continuous Electroencephalography Characteristics and Acute Symptomatic Seizures in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-26 words: 3429.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285818-eh12luma.txt summary: Objective As concerns regarding neurological manifestations in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients increase, limited data exists on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) findings in these patients. This high percentage of epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) in a specific brain region in COVID-19 patients behooves the question if this is a potential epileptic effect from the SARS-CoV-2 infection or if this is a limitation with the EEG requisition method itself; since patients did not receive the minimum required 21-electrode clinical EEG recommended by American Clinical Neurophysiological Society ACNS) (Sinha et al. Whilte the main goal of this study was to report cEEG findings in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, the putative associations between survival, clinical outcomes (discharge disposition), cohort characteristics (e.g. comorbidities, age, gender) and EEG findings were also explored. As such, the two COVID-19 patients with clinical acute symptomatic seizures captured on EEG from our cohort are rare findings. abstract: Objective As concerns regarding neurological manifestations in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients increase, limited data exists on continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) findings in these patients. We present a retrospective cohort study of cEEG monitoring in COVID-19 patients to better explore this knowledge gap. Methods Among 22 COVID-19 patients, 19 underwent cEEGs, and 3 underwent routine EEGs (<1 hour). Demographic and clinical variables, including comorbid conditions, discharge disposition, survival and cEEG findings, were collected. Results cEEG was performed for evaluation of altered mental status (n=17) or seizure-like events (n=5). Five patients, including 2 with epilepsy, had epileptiform abnormalities on cEEG. Two patients had electrographic seizures without a prior epilepsy history. There were no acute neuroimaging findings. Periodic discharges were noted in one-third of patients and encephalopathic EEG findings were not associated with IV anesthetic use. Conclusions Interictal epileptiform abnormalities in the absence of prior epilepsy history were rare. However, the discovery of asymptomatic seizures in two of twenty-two patients was higher than previously reported and is therefore of concern. Significance cEEG monitoring in COVID-19 patients may aid in better understanding an epileptogenic potential of SARS-CoV2 infection. Nevertheless, larger studies utilizing cEEG are required to better examine acute epileptic risk in COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1388245720304430 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.08.003 id: cord-270425-1ughypnx author: Louis-Jean, James title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis date: 2020-10-06 words: 3737.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270425-1ughypnx.txt summary: In the USA, health disparities among minority groups, especially African Americans, limit their access to quality medical care and other beneficial resources and services. Presently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) highlights the extreme healthcare challenges that exist in the African American and other minority communities in the USA. This is a major concern that government and public health officials should address as it has been shown that in 21 out of 30 states reporting data, black people accounted for a higher share of COVID-19 cases than their share in the population [5] . Racial inequities in healthcare institutions, lack of access to information, higher levels of preventable chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, asthmas, hypertension, etc.), and COVID-19 testing not being widely available in minority communities are among the many factors resulting in African Americans dying at disproportionate numbers during this pandemic [30] . abstract: Health disparity refers to systematic differences in health outcomes between groups and communities based on socioeconomic isolation. In the USA, health disparities among minority groups, especially African Americans, limit their access to quality medical care and other beneficial resources and services. Presently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) highlights the extreme healthcare challenges that exist in the African American and other minority communities in the USA. African Americans are dying at a rate nearly four times higher than the national average. With inadequate access to quality healthcare, viable resources, and information, COVID-19 will continue to have a disastrous effect on African American communities. This communication provides a brief overview of the health inequalities resulting in African Americans dying disproportionately during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33025419/ doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00879-4 id: cord-334092-50r3h7jv author: Loungani, Rahul S. title: A care pathway for the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19: Insights from an institutional response date: 2020-05-03 words: 4005.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334092-50r3h7jv.txt summary: A framework for approaching these complications is presented.AAD, antiarrhythmic drug; ACLS, advanced cardiac life support; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; CICU, cardiac intensive care unit; CK, creatinine kinase; COVID-19, coronary virus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; CYP, cytochrome P450; ECG, electrocardiogram; ER, emergency room; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; HF, heart failure; HR, heart rate; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; IL-6, interleukin-6; IV, intravenous; JVD, jugular venous distension; K, potassium; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LE, lower extremity; LFT, liver function test; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; Mg, magnesium; MI, myocardial infarction; NT-pBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PPE, personal protective equipment; PAC, pulmonary artery catheter; POCUS, point-of-care ultrasound; QTc, corrected QT interval; RVR, rapid ventricular response; Rx, treatment; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram; URL, upper reference limit; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia. abstract: The infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, or COVID-19, can result in myocardial injury, heart failure, and arrhythmias. In addition to the viral infection itself, investigational therapies for the infection can interact with the cardiovascular system. As cardiologists and cardiovascular service lines will be heavily involved in the care of patients with COVID-19, our division organized an approach to manage these complications, attempting to balance resource utilization and risk to personnel with optimal cardiovascular care. The model presented can provide a framework for other institutions to organize their own approaches and can be adapted to local constraints, resource availability, and emerging knowledge. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002870320301320 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.04.024 id: cord-329912-4tbwk8cp author: Loveday, Chey title: Prioritisation by FIT to mitigate the impact of delays in the 2-week wait colorectal cancer referral pathway during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK modelling study date: 2020-08-24 words: 5322.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329912-4tbwk8cp.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) prioritisation to mitigate the impact of delays in the colorectal cancer (CRC) urgent diagnostic (2-week-wait (2WW)) pathway consequent from the COVID-19 pandemic. FIT triage of symptomatic patients in primary care could streamline access to colonoscopy, reduce delays for true-positive CRC cases and reduce nosocomial COVID-19 mortality in older true-negative 2WW referrals. 2 3 Reports of high rates of nosocomial COVID-19 infection and mortality present a dilemma to primary care physicians regarding the risk-benefit trade-off of investigatory referral into hospital for older patients with symptoms suggestive of cancer. We estimate that even short delays in the pathway to CRC treatment will result in significant mortality and lost LYs. Provided nosocomial infection rates are controlled, there is net survival benefit in all age groups for prompt investigatory referral for colonoscopy. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) prioritisation to mitigate the impact of delays in the colorectal cancer (CRC) urgent diagnostic (2-week-wait (2WW)) pathway consequent from the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: We modelled the reduction in CRC survival and life years lost resultant from per-patient delays of 2–6 months in the 2WW pathway. We stratified by age group, individual-level benefit in CRC survival versus age-specific nosocomial COVID-19–related fatality per referred patient undergoing colonoscopy. We modelled mitigation strategies using thresholds of FIT triage of 2, 10 and 150 µg Hb/g to prioritise 2WW referrals for colonoscopy. To construct the underlying models, we employed 10-year net CRC survival for England 2008–2017, 2WW pathway CRC case and referral volumes and per-day-delay HRs generated from observational studies of diagnosis-to-treatment interval. RESULTS: Delay of 2/4/6 months across all 11 266 patients with CRC diagnosed per typical year via the 2WW pathway were estimated to result in 653/1419/2250 attributable deaths and loss of 9214/20 315/32 799 life years. Risk–benefit from urgent investigatory referral is particularly sensitive to nosocomial COVID-19 rates for patients aged >60. Prioritisation out of delay for the 18% of symptomatic referrals with FIT >10 µg Hb/g would avoid 89% of these deaths attributable to presentational/diagnostic delay while reducing immediate requirement for colonoscopy by >80%. CONCLUSIONS: Delays in the pathway to CRC diagnosis and treatment have potential to cause significant mortality and loss of life years. FIT triage of symptomatic patients in primary care could streamline access to colonoscopy, reduce delays for true-positive CRC cases and reduce nosocomial COVID-19 mortality in older true-negative 2WW referrals. However, this strategy offers benefit only in short-term rationalisation of limited endoscopy services: the appreciable false-negative rate of FIT in symptomatic patients means most colonoscopies will still be required. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321650 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321650 id: cord-318437-tzp33iw7 author: Lovrić, Mario title: Understanding the true effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution by means of machine learning() date: 2020-11-06 words: 2851.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318437-tzp33iw7.txt summary: In this work, a machine learning approach was designed and implemented to analyze local air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown in Graz, Austria. Concentrations of NO(2) (nitrogen dioxide), PM(10) (particulate matter), O(3) (ozone) and O(x) (total oxidant) were selected from five measurement sites in Graz and were set as target variables for random forest regression models to predict their expected values during the city''s lockdown period. However, the primary analysis is based on 97 machine learning (ML) models which were used to capture historical relationships between the 98 attributes and compare the predictions to true pollution values after the COVID-19 lockdowns 99 In order to obtain a realistic picture of air quality during the 104 lockdown, we analyzed the long term measurement data from January 2014 to May 2020 from 105 five measurement sites in the Austria city of Graz (Süd (eng. In this work, we have explored the changes in air pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 403 lockdown for the city of Graz, Austria. abstract: During March 2020, most European countries implemented lockdowns to restrict the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes COVID-19 through their populations. These restrictions had positive impacts for air quality due to a dramatic reduction of economic activity and atmospheric emissions. In this work, a machine learning approach was designed and implemented to analyze local air quality improvements during the COVID-19 lockdown in Graz, Austria. The machine learning approach was used as a robust alternative to simple, historical measurement comparisons for various individual pollutants. Concentrations of NO(2) (nitrogen dioxide), PM(10) (particulate matter), O(3) (ozone) and O(x) (total oxidant) were selected from five measurement sites in Graz and were set as target variables for random forest regression models to predict their expected values during the city's lockdown period. The true vs. expected difference is presented here as an indicator of true pollution during the lockdown. The machine learning models showed a high level of generalization for predicting the concentrations. Therefore, the approach was suitable for analyzing reductions in pollution concentrations. The analysis indicated that the city’s average concentration reductions for the lockdown period were: -36.9 to -41.6%, and -6.6 to -14.2% for NO(2) and PM(10,) respectively. However, an increase of 11.6 to 33.8% for O(3) was estimated. The reduction in pollutant concentration, especially NO(2) can be explained by significant drops in traffic-flows during the lockdown period (-51.6 to -43.9%). The results presented give a real-world example of what pollutant concentration reductions can be achieved by reducing traffic-flows and other economic activities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749120365891?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115900 id: cord-011402-sk4tgdf8 author: Low, Tze-Yi title: Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore date: 2020-05-15 words: 1182.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011402-sk4tgdf8.txt summary: title: Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore Restructuring the surgical service during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from a tertiary institution in Singapore Keywords: COVID-19 Health policy Infectious diseases Healthcare administration Surgery Designated pandemic wards managed confirmed or high-risk cases, providing natural segregation among nursing staff, who are ward-based. Central to our plan was the reorganization of medical staff in our department into three independent teams (Fig. 1) to prevent the standing team from working continuously and avoid the complete shutdown of outpatient services should any team become afflicted with the virus. To study the impact on patient care, operational and safety data in the month immediately post-activation of our pandemic preparedness plan were retrieved and compared with data from a similar period in 2019. There were 338 reported incidents for surgical patients from February to March 2020, compared to 397 for the same period in 2019 (Fig. 2d) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7227499/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.021 id: cord-335642-i0a1si8k author: Lozada-Martínez, Ivan title: Letter to the Editor: ”Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care” date: 2020-11-03 words: 578.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335642-i0a1si8k.txt summary: title: Letter to the Editor: "Role of the Neurosurgeon in Times of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Importance of Focus in Critical Care" Some authors who have reported the execution of similar changes point out that these transformations have implied real challenges, since they have needed to be rapidly trained in critical care to be able to establish and provide quality support treatment. This consensus in particular sets a road map for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 in a didactic way, as well as a protocol to be followed in intensive care units to facilitate the patient admission process, triage establishment, isolation management, disinfection of the medical equipment and the environment, waste disposal, highly specialized personal protective equipment use, airway management, and ventilatory support, and finally evaluation of neurologic diseases such as stroke, epileptic status, and neuroimmune and neuromuscular diseases, among others. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167148/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.059 id: cord-327388-26ot3cuy author: Lu, Amy title: The Tipping Point of Medical Technology: Implications for the Postpandemic Era date: 2020-06-16 words: 2347.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327388-26ot3cuy.txt summary: Whereas classic infectioncontrol and public health measures were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, COVID-19 provides the opportunity to explore the potential of new digital technologies, including big data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things. 1 Among the many available digital technologies, O''Reilly-Shah et al 2 in this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia address not only the potential benefits but also the barriers to adopting health informatics for patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes expanding our roles in telehealth platforms and remote monitoring and surveillance in the inpatient and outpatient settings, thereby adding significant value to the continuum of care through perioperative medicine. In the inevitable post-COVID pandemic era, what is the anesthesiologist''s role in technology as our health care systems and other major stakeholders define the "new normal?" Is this our opportunity to take a legitimate seat at the table of state and national discussions on value-based care and population health management strategies using our understanding of the continuum of care from the preoperative phase through the postdischarge phase? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511105/ doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005040 id: cord-276438-nynri6my author: Lu, Jiade J. title: Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-04-10 words: 1544.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276438-nynri6my.txt summary: As the executive vice president of the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC), a tertiary cancer treatment facility on the front line against the COVID-19 epidemic responsible for patient care and infection control, our experience and opinions might be helpful for colleagues in the United States as a reference. Anyone with a body temperature over 37.3 o C and pertinent contact/travel history is transferred to a fever clinic at a designated hospital (special clinics of major general hospitals established during the 2003 SARS epidemic to triage and treat patients with fever) to rule out COVID-19 infection. From a professional point of view, I do not think it is necessary to delay chemotherapy or radiation treatment for patients with cancer because of COVID-19, unless an infection is confirmed or highly suspected or there are other medical reasons. Except for head and neck cancer treatments, all patients are required to wear a surgical mask during transportation and radiation therapy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363248/ doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.003 id: cord-342361-eu3rry7p author: Lu, Jiatao title: ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-23 words: 3782.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342361-eu3rry7p.txt summary: title: ACP risk grade: a simple mortality index for patients with confirmed or suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) during the early stage of outbreak in Wuhan, China Our current study was conducted aiming to characterize the clinical features of either confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in a COVID-19-designated hospital in Wuhan, and to develop a mortality risk index, as an evaluation tool used for establishing a COVID-19 hierarchical management system in highly endemic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever study to compare the clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients who were either positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR assay, and to develop a first-ever COVID-19 mortality risk index derived from patients in highly endemic areas during early stage of outbreak. abstract: Background: Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) outbreaks in Wuhan, China, healthcare systems capacities in highly endemic areas have been overwhelmed. Approaches to efficient management are urgently needed and key to a quicker control of the outbreaks and casualties. We aimed to characterize the clinical features of hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, and develop a mortality risk index for COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective one-centre cohort study, we included all the confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a COVID-19-designated hospital from January 21 to February 5, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and clinical outcome data were collected from the hospital information system, nursing records and laboratory reports. Results: Of 577 patients with at least one post-admission evaluation, the median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39 - 66); 254 (44.0%) were men; 22.8% (100/438) were severe pneumonia on admission, and 37.7% (75/199) patients were SARS-CoV-2 positive. The clinical, laboratory and radiological data were comparable between positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 patients. During a median follow-up of 8.4 days (IQR, 5.8 - 12.0), 39 patients died with a 12-day cumulative mortality of 8.7% (95% CI, 5.9% to 11.5%). A simple mortality risk index (called ACP index), composed of Age and C-reactive Protein, was developed. By applying the ACP index, patients were categorized into three grades. The 12-day cumulative mortality in grade three (age ≥ 60 years and CRP ≥ 34 mg/L) was 33.2% (95% CI, 19.8% to 44.3%), which was significantly higher than those of grade two (age ≥ 60 years and CRP < 34 mg/L; age < 60 years and CRP ≥ 34 mg/L; 5.6% [95% CI, 0 to 11.3%]) and grade one (age < 60 years and CRP < 34 mg/L, 0%) (P <0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The ACP index can predict COVID-19 related short-term mortality, which may be a useful and convenient tool for quickly establishing a COVID-19 hierarchical management system that can greatly reduce the medical burden and therefore mortality in highly endemic areas. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.20.20025510 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.20.20025510 id: cord-031840-k9l91unc author: Lu, Li title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date: 2020-09-11 words: 15686.0 sentences: 686.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt summary: With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. On one hand, the eagerness to build solidarity with East Asian countries represented by Japan and South Korea might be a strategy to react to the racialization of COVID-19 as a "Chinese virus" and the demonization of China as a "public enemy" and "trouble maker" in the Euro-American political and media agenda (Viala-Gaudefroy & Lindaman, 2020). On the other hand, the rise of this East Asian imaginary centering around China''s historical and cultural bonds with Japan and South Korea has far-reaching implications for China''s geopolitical strategies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the realm of public health. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is the first truly global crisis in the digital age. With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. In addition to causing social and economic disruptions on a scale unseen before, it has turned the world into a site of biopolitical agon where science and reason are forced to betray their impotence against cultish thinking in the planetary endgame depicted in so many dystopian science fictions. It is in this context that this forum offers a set of modest reflections on the current impacts incurred by the COVID-19 virus. Blending ethnographic observations with theory-driven reflections, the five authors address issues made manifest by the crisis across different regions, while keeping their sight on the sociopolitical problems plaguing our life both individually and collectively. Taken together, they provide a grounded documentary for the archive that the COVID-19 virus is making us to construct. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488168/ doi: 10.1177/1532708620953190 id: cord-336794-ok6j19kf author: Lu, Meiqi title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-19 words: 2508.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336794-ok6j19kf.txt summary: title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. [20] Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the existing evidence. This work aims to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in treating COVID-19, and provide reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 based on available evidence. abstract: BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide epidemic since its discovery. The outbreak of virus infection has aroused great concern of the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is highly infectious and has a high infection rate. So far, no specific drug has been found to cure it. China as one of the first countries attacked by epidemic has shown outstanding in fighting against the COVID-19. The contribution of traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. As a kind of representative of traditional Chinese medicine, the Chinese patent medicine injection has significant effect in reducing the clinical symptoms of patients and preventing the deterioration of the disease. However, there is no systematic review of its efficacy and safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: All randomized controlled trials of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 will be included. The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database and some clinical trial registration websites. Two researchers will independently screen titles, abstracts, full texts, and extract data, then assess the bias risk of each study. We will conduct meta-analyses to assess all the available evidence of the efficacy and safety. RESULTS: Systematic review of current evidence will be provided from the indexes of efficacy and safety. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020182725 url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020706 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020706 id: cord-271853-wexe9gq0 author: Lu, Quan title: Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date: 2020-08-14 words: 8434.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271853-wexe9gq0.txt summary: The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund. abstract: The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has catapulted China into a serious social and political crisis. This article focuses upon how Chinese social policy has responded to the Covid-19 crisis. It reveals that the Chinese welfare state has woven a comprehensive social safety net to mitigate the social suffering of Chinese society in the mid- and post-crisis periods. Different types of social policy programs have been combined and synthesized, including social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare arrangements. Facing the challenges of the new risks caused by the pandemic, the collaboration of the Chinese state and intermediary social welfare organizations has played a crucial role in providing both cash benefits and social services (benefits in kind). For the first time, social policy in China has acted as a major player for coping with the negative outcomes of a pandemic. This article concludes that the pandemic-related crisis has justified an interventionist approach and logic, driven by the state’s welfare system, which favors a model of “big government”. However, this model also requires justification and legitimation. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165896 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165896 id: cord-289873-6hivjqof author: Lu, Rui title: Patients with mild and general COVID-19 should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharged date: 2020-10-02 words: 1693.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289873-6hivjqof.txt summary: The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests of these patients was 21 days. Thus, we suggested that the patient should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharge, and the test time should be no earlier than the 23rd day since the onset of the disease. According to the latest COVID-19 clinical diagnosis and treatment guideline [3] , patients who meet the following four criteria can be discharged: (1) the body temperature has returned to normal for more than 3 days; (2) the respiratory symptoms have improved significantly; (3) the pulmonary imaging examination shows that the acute exudative lesions have improved significantly, (4) two consecutive negative nucleic acid test for respiratory specimens such as sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs (sampling interval at least 24 hours). The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests in 845 patients with COVID-19 was 21 days (range: 1-56 days). abstract: Given the global spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), strict discharge standard is of great significance for the prevention and control of the epidemic, thus, the purpose of this study is to formulate more strict and scientific discharge standards. A total of 845 patients with mild and general COVID-19 who were considered to be discharged from hospital were included in this study. The median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests of these patients was 21 days. 223 of the 845 patients were tested again after two consecutive negative nucleic acid tests and 17.49% of the patients were positive. Moreover, 82.51% (184 of 223) of these patients experienced negative results from three consecutive nucleic acid tests, the median time from the onset of COVID-19 to the occurrence of three consecutive negative nucleic acid tests was 23 days (range: 3–56 days), and 38 of which were further tested after three consecutive negative nucleic acid tests, while about 5.26% (2 of 38) patients showed positive nucleic acid test results. Thus, we suggested that the patient should be negative for at least 3 consecutive nucleic acid tests before discharge, and the test time should be no earlier than the 23rd day since the onset of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240081 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240081 id: cord-256961-935r7w01 author: Lu, S. title: Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoids to Treat COVID-19: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-22 words: 5136.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256961-935r7w01.txt summary: We included RCTs and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids in children and adults with COVID-19, SARS and MERS, and conducted meta-analyses of the main indicators that were identified in the studies. We used the following search: ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019 novel coronavirus" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "Wuhan coronavirus" OR "novel coronavirus" OR "Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus" OR "Wuhan virus" OR "MERS" OR "SARS" OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome" OR "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus" OR "Influenza") AND ("adrenal cortex hormones" OR " betamethasone valerate " OR " glucocorticoids" OR " methylprednisolone" OR "Cortisone" OR "Dexamethasone" OR "Cortodoxone" OR "Hydrocortisone"). Five cohort studies (one on COVID-19, three on SARS, one on severe MERS) with a total of 5872 patients assessed the duration of hospital stay (29, 31, 35, 37, 41 Figure 9 ). abstract: Background: Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of various pulmonary inflammatory diseases, but they are also often accompanied by significant adverse reactions. Published guidelines point out that low dose and short duration systemic glucocorticoid therapy may be considered for patients with rapidly progressing COVID-19 while the evidence is still limited. Methods: We comprehensively searched electronic databases and supplemented the screening by conducting a manual search. We included RCTs and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoids in children and adults with COVID-19, SARS and MERS, and conducted meta-analyses of the main indicators that were identified in the studies. Results: Our search retrieved 23 studies, including one RCT and 22 cohort studies, with a total of 13,815 patients. In adults with COVID-19, the use of systemic glucocorticoid did not reduce mortality (RR=2.00, 95% CI: 0.69 to 5.75, I 2=90.9%) or the duration of lung inflammation (WMD=-1 days, 95% CI: -2.91 to 0.91), while a significant reduction was found in the duration of fever (WMD=-3.23 days, 95% CI: -3.56 to -2.90). In patients with SARS, glucocorticoids also did not reduce the mortality (RR=1.52, 95% CI: 0.89 to 2.60, I2=84.6%), duration of fever (WMD=0.82 days, 95% CI: -2.88 to 4.52, I2=97.9%) or duration of lung inflammation absorption (WMD=0.95 days, 95% CI: -7.57 to 9.48, I2=94.6%). The use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy prolonged the duration of hospital stay in all patients (COVID-19, SARS and MERS). Conclusions: Glucocorticoid therapy was found to reduce the duration of fever, but not mortality, duration of hospitalization or lung inflammation absorption. Long-term use of high-dose glucocorticoids increased the risk of adverse reactions such as coinfections, so routine use of systemic glucocorticoids for patients with COVID-19 cannot be recommend. Keywords: COVID-19; glucocorticoids; meta-analysis; rapid review url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.17.20064469v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20064469 id: cord-348847-53s19r16 author: Lu, T. title: Internet Search Patterns Reveal Clinical Course of Disease Progression for COVID-19 and Predict Pandemic Spread in 32 Countries date: 2020-05-06 words: 3701.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348847-53s19r16.txt summary: We found that Internet search patterns reveal a robust temporal pattern of disease progression for COVID-19: Initial symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat and chills are followed by shortness of breath an average of 5.22 days [95% CI 3.30-7.14] after symptom onset, matching the precise clinical course reported in the medical literature. We conducted a detailed global study across 32 countries on six continents to determine whether Internet search patterns can provide reliable real-time indicators of local COVID-19 spread, and whether these data can reveal the clinical progression of COVID-19. Figure 1 shows search volumes for the terms "fever" and "dry cough", alongside reported COVID-19 cases and deaths for China, Iran, Italy, United States and India. Figure 4a shows the ensemble average search volumes for "fever", "cough", "dry cough" and "shortness of breath", indexed by searches for "coronavirus symptoms", alongside reported COVID-19 cases and deaths. abstract: Effective public health response to COVID-19 relies on accurate and timely surveillance of local pandemic spread, as well as rapid characterization of the clinical course of disease in affected individuals. De novo diagnostic testing methods developed for emergent pandemics are subject to significant development delays and capacity limitations. There is a critical need for complementary surveillance approaches that can function at population-scale to inform public health decisions in real-time. Internet search patterns provide a number of important advantages relative to laboratory testing. We conducted a detailed global study of Internet search patterns related to COVID-19 symptoms in multiple languages across 32 countries on six continents. We found that Internet search patterns reveal a robust temporal pattern of disease progression for COVID-19: Initial symptoms of fever, dry cough, sore throat and chills are followed by shortness of breath an average of 5.22 days [95% CI 3.30-7.14] after symptom onset, matching the precise clinical course reported in the medical literature. Furthermore, we found that increases in COVID-19-symptom-related searches predict increases in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths 18.53 days [95% CI 15.98-21.08] and 22.16 days [95% CI 20.33-23.99] in advance, respectively. This is the first study to show that Internet search patterns can be used to reveal the detailed clinical course of a disease. These data can be used to track and predict the local spread of COVID-19 before widespread laboratory testing becomes available in each country, helping to guide the current public health response. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.01.20087858v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087858 id: cord-278300-6cr9h7no author: Lu, X. title: Classification of COVID-19 in intensive care patients: towards rational and effective clinical triage date: 2020-04-11 words: 1271.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278300-6cr9h7no.txt summary: We aimed to bridge the gap between disease classification and clinical outcome in intensive care patients, data of which are scarce and such classification could help in individual evaluation and provide effective triage for treatment and management. We constructed a fully Bayesian latent variable model for integrative clustering of six data categories, including demographic information, symptoms, original comorbidities, vital signs, blood routine tests and inflammatory marker measurements. We identified four prognostic types of COVID-19 in intensive care patients, presenting a stepwise distribution in age, respiratory condition and inflammatory markers, suggesting the prognostic efficacy of these indicators. Little attention has been paid to the clinical characteristics and outcomes of intensive care patients with COVID-19, data of which are scarce but are of paramount importance to reduce mortality. We aimed to bridge the gap between disease classification and clinical outcome in intensive care patients, which could help in individual evaluation and provide effective triage for treatment and management. abstract: The number of pertinent researches of COVID-19 has increased rapidly but they mainly focused on the description of general information of patients with confirmed infection. We aimed to bridge the gap between disease classification and clinical outcome in intensive care patients, data of which are scarce and such classification could help in individual evaluation and provide effective triage for treatment and management. Specifically, we collected and filtered out 151 intensive care patients with complete medical records from Tongji hospital in Wuhan, China. We constructed a fully Bayesian latent variable model for integrative clustering of six data categories, including demographic information, symptoms, original comorbidities, vital signs, blood routine tests and inflammatory marker measurements. We identified four prognostic types of COVID-19 in intensive care patients, presenting a stepwise distribution in age, respiratory condition and inflammatory markers, suggesting the prognostic efficacy of these indicators. This report, to our knowledge, is the first attempt of dealing with classification of COVID-19 in intensive care patients. We acknowledge the limitation of ignoring the effect of treatment, but we believe such classification is enlightening for better triage, allowing for a more rational allocation of scarce medical resources in a resource constrained environment. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.09.20058909v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20058909 id: cord-252434-7g69amr1 author: Lu, Xiao title: Therapeutic effect of high-flow nasal cannula on severe COVID-19 patients in a makeshift intensive-care unit: A case report date: 2020-05-22 words: 2547.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252434-7g69amr1.txt summary: Considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, the respiratory-treatment strategy in these nonstandard ICUs is different from those in general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role in nonstandard ICUs and is beneficial to the patients therein. Because these nonstandard ICUs are repurposed general wards, and considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, these wards have different respiratory-treatment strategies than general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role and is beneficial to patients in nonstandard ICUs. HFNC appears to be an effective new therapeutic option compared with other oxygen delivery devices (e.g., nonrebreathing oxygen masks, Venturi masks). Due to his obvious chest tightness, shortness of breath, and orthopnea -all of which might have been partial manifestations of heart failure-he was given HFNC (initial flow rate, 60 L/min; oxygen concentration, 90%; temperature, 37°C) and diuretic treatments. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several intensive-care units (ICUs) in Wuhan are nonstandard wards that were repurposed from general wards. Considering the shortage of medical resources and the need to prevent nosocomic infection, the respiratory-treatment strategy in these nonstandard ICUs is different from those in general wards and standard ICUs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) plays an important role in nonstandard ICUs and is beneficial to the patients therein. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this study, we analyzed four cases of HFNC-treated patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a makeshift ICU and summarized our experience. DIAGNOSES: Four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance were admitted to the makeshift ICU. INTERVENTIONS: All patients had oxygen treatment with HFNC, as well as regular treatment of antivirals and traditional Chinese medicine. OUTCOMES: Two patients survived after treatment, while the other two died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and heart failure, respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 often have poor prognoses after mechanical ventilation, exhibiting corresponding complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and deep-vein thrombosis, which significantly prolongs length of stay in the ICU. HFNC could prevent intubation in some patients, thereby avoiding the above complications; however, this needs confirmation in further clinical studies. This treatment reduced difficulty and workloads for healthcare professionals, had good tolerability for patients, might not significantly increase the risk of infection for healthcare professionals, and do not require additional preventive measures against nosocomic infection. HFNC treatment has its advantages in providing oxygen therapy in COVID-19, but healthcare professionals should still pay close attention to changes in patients’ oxygenation rates and respiratory frequency. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020393 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020393 id: cord-309194-jtouafgd author: Lu, Xiao title: Lung ultrasound score in establishing the timing of intubation in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia: A preliminary retrospective observational study date: 2020-09-03 words: 3668.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309194-jtouafgd.txt summary: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in assessing intubation timing for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Lung ultrasound was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after patients were admitted to the ICU; if the patient was intubated, LUS determination was performed before intubation within 24 h (T1) and on days 1, 2, 5, and 7 after intubation (T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively).The goal of this study was to evaluate the severity of lung aeration loss in intubated and non-intubated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia by ultrasound at different time points within one week. Few studies have addressed the timing of intubation for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia due to the high mortality of patients treated with invasive ventilation. The patient''s gender, age, body mass index (BMI index), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA score), and 28-day mortality rate were recorded; and the evolution of respiratory parameters between the two groups on time point T1 (lung ultrasound performed before intubation within 24 h) were also recorded. abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the role of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in assessing intubation timing for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were admitted to a makeshift intensive care unit (ICU). All patients underwent bedside lung ultrasonography one to two times per day. The patients were either intubated, treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV), or given high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) after a discussion with the multidisciplinary group after their conditions worsened. Bedside lung ultrasound was performed daily after intubation, and patients received mechanical ventilation. Lung ultrasound was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after patients were admitted to the ICU; if the patient was intubated, LUS determination was performed before intubation within 24 h (T1) and on days 1, 2, 5, and 7 after intubation (T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively).The goal of this study was to evaluate the severity of lung aeration loss in intubated and non-intubated patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia by ultrasound at different time points within one week. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients were included in this study, including nine who were intubated and mechanically ventilated and seven patients without intubation. The number of elderly individuals in the intubated group was higher than in the non-intubated group (P < 0.05). In addition, there were more male than female patients in both groups. Patient characteristics (BMI, SOFA, and PaO(2)/FiO(2) value) were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 28-day mortality rate of intubated patients was higher than that of non-intubated patients; six patients in the intubated group and two patients in the non-intubated group died. Nine intubated patients showed changes in LUS within seven days (n = 9). The mean LUS within 24 h before intubation was 12.8 ± 1.3. LUS was significantly higher on T1 than on T5 (P <0.05), and did not significantly differ from T1 to T4. Comparing LUS between intubated and non-intubated patients on T1 showed that the LUS of intubated patients was significantly higher than that of non-intubated patients (P <0.05). Between the two patient groups, oxygenation index was 140.1 ± 7.7 vs. 137.8 ± 5.9 on T1, and the respiratory rate of the two groups was 26 ± 5 vs. 28 ± 4 breaths/min. Neither oxygenation index nor RR significantly differed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: LUS may be an effective tool for assessing intubation timing in critically ill patients with Covid-19 interstitial pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32881950/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238679 id: cord-277416-agnpksxn author: Lu, Xuefang title: High Resolution CT Imaging Dynamic Follow-Up Study of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia date: 2020-05-04 words: 3588.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277416-agnpksxn.txt summary: Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and dynamic follow-up changes of high resolution CT (HRCT) in 270 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The HRCT images of the chest of 99 patients(36.67%) showed ground glass opacity(GGO), mainly under the pleura; 44 cases(16.30%) showed GGO with focal consolidation; 52 cases (19.26%) of small patch edge blur density increased; 38 cases (14.07%) of large patch consolidation; 92 cases (34.07%) bronchial vascular bundle thickening and vascular crossing signs; 9 cases (3.33%) had air bronchial signs ( Figure 4) ; 13 cases (4.81%) had solid nodules with a diameter of <0.5 cm in the same lung lobe; 10 cases (3.70%) of grid shadows or stripe shadows; 43 cases (15.93%) of diffuse lung lobe lesions, showing "white lung." Of the 270 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in this group, 69 (25.56%) had chronic respiratory diseases (chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, bullae), and 86 (31.85%) showed signs of cardiovascular disease (valve calcification, aortic wall calcification, coronary arterial wall calcification), 13 patients (4.81%) had bilateral pleural effusion, and 8 patients (2.96%) had mediastinal or bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (short diameter ≥ 1.0 cm), 11 cases (4.07%) were accompanied by abnormal signs of the upper abdomen, including fatty liver, liver cysts, and gallbladder stones. abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and dynamic follow-up changes of high resolution CT (HRCT) in 270 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: Two hundred seventy COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 146 males and 124 females, with median age of 51 (9,89). The clinical features, laboratory examination indexes and HRCT evolution findings of 270 COVID-19 pneumonia patients were analyzed. Results: 264 cases (95.74%) were positive at the first time nucleic acid test, 6 cases (2.22%) were negative, after multiple inspections, 270 cases (100%) were positive. According to the number of lung segments involved in the lesion, the lesions range from <30% of the lung area (Common type), 30–50% (Severe type), and> 50% (Critical type). At the first CT exam, 136 cases (50.37%) of the common type, 89 cases (32.96%) of the severe type and 45 cases (16.67%) of the critical type. At the second CT exam, 84 cases (31.11%) of the common type, 103 cases (38.15%) of the severe type and 83 cases (30.74%) of the critical type. In the third CT exam, there were 151 cases (55.93%) of the common type, 86 cases (31.85%) of the severe type and 33 cases (12.22%) of the critical type. The differences in image typing were statistically significant (P < 0.05). During this study, a total of 173 patients (64.08%) were recovered after treatment. Conclusion: In some epidemiological backgrounds, CT imaging manifestations and evolutionary characteristics are of great significance for early warning of lung injury, assessment of disease severity, and assistance in clinical typing and post-treatment follow-up. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32432121/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00168 id: cord-326956-oz047qmf author: Lu, Yiping title: Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study date: 2020-08-03 words: 5822.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326956-oz047qmf.txt summary: COVID-19 patients had statistically significantly higher bilateral gray matter volumes (GMV) in olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insulas, left Rolandic operculum, left Heschl''s gyrus and right cingulate gyrus and a general decline of MD, AD, RD accompanied with an increase of FA in white matter, especially AD in the right CR, EC and SFF, and MD in SFF compared with non-COVID-19 volunteers (corrected p value <0.05). We found that these recovered COVID-19 patients were more likely to have enlarged olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insulas, Heschl''s gyrus, Rolandic operculum and cingulate gyrus, and a general decline of Mean Diffusivity (MD), Axial Diffusivity (AD), Radial Diffusivity (RD) accompanied with an increase of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in white matter, especially AD in the right Coronal Radiata (CR), External Capsule (EC) and Superior Frontal-occipital Fasciculus (SFF), and MD in SFF compared with non-COVID-19 volunteers. abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence supported the possible neuro-invasion potential of SARS-CoV-2. However, no studies were conducted to explore the existence of the micro-structural changes in the central nervous system after infection. We aimed to identify the existence of potential brain micro-structural changes related to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: In this prospective study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 3D high-resolution T1WI sequences were acquired in 60 recovered COVID-19 patients (56.67% male; age: 44.10 ± 16.00) and 39 age- and sex-matched non-COVID-19 controls (56.41% male; age: 45.88 ± 13.90). Registered fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were quantified for DTI, and an index score system was introduced. Regional volumes derived from Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM) and DTI metrics were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Two sample t-test and Spearman correlation were conducted to assess the relationships among imaging indices, index scores and clinical information. FINDINGS: In this follow-up stage, neurological symptoms were presented in 55% COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had statistically significantly higher bilateral gray matter volumes (GMV) in olfactory cortices, hippocampi, insulas, left Rolandic operculum, left Heschl's gyrus and right cingulate gyrus and a general decline of MD, AD, RD accompanied with an increase of FA in white matter, especially AD in the right CR, EC and SFF, and MD in SFF compared with non-COVID-19 volunteers (corrected p value <0.05). Global GMV, GMVs in left Rolandic operculum, right cingulate, bilateral hippocampi, left Heschl's gyrus, and Global MD of WM were found to correlate with memory loss (p value <0.05). GMVs in the right cingulate gyrus and left hippocampus were related to smell loss (p value <0.05). MD-GM score, global GMV, and GMV in right cingulate gyrus were correlated with LDH level (p value <0.05). INTERPRETATION: Study findings revealed possible disruption to micro-structural and functional brain integrity in the recovery stages of COVID-19, suggesting the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2. FUNDING: Shanghai Natural Science Foundation, Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Sailing Program, Shanghai Science and Technology Development, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project and ZJ Lab. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537020302285 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100484 id: cord-318655-i9kv7bph author: Lu, Zhenzhen title: A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects date: 2020-08-05 words: 3945.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318655-i9kv7bph.txt summary: title: A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects Through the real-data of COVID-19 from January 23 to March 18, 2020, this paper proposes a fractional SEIHDR model based on the coupling effect of inter-city networks. At the same time, the proposed model considers the mortality rates (exposure, infection and hospitalization) and the infectivity of individuals during the incubation period. Afterward, the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] , which provide a theoretical basis for the future control of COVID-19. To incorporate the time fractional order and the coupling effect between cities, a SEIHDR epidemic model is established to study the dynamic behavior of COVID-19. From the analysis made above, a fractional inter-city network SEIHDR epidemic model is constructed as follows: Then, the basic reproduction number and the fractional order can be seen from Table 2 , which suggests that the epidemic model of Italy, America and Japan will not disappear in a short time. abstract: In the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan. Through the real-data of COVID-19 from January 23 to March 18, 2020, this paper proposes a fractional SEIHDR model based on the coupling effect of inter-city networks. At the same time, the proposed model considers the mortality rates (exposure, infection and hospitalization) and the infectivity of individuals during the incubation period. By applying the least squares method and prediction-correction method, the proposed system is fitted and predicted based on the real-data from January 23 to March [Formula: see text] where m represents predict days. Compared with the integer system, the non-network fractional model has been verified and can better fit the data of Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Huanggang. Compared with the no-network case, results show that the proposed system with inter-city network may not be able to better describe the spread of disease in China due to the lock and isolation measures, but this may have a significant impact on countries that has no closure measures. Meanwhile, the proposed model is more suitable for the data of Japan, the USA from January 22 and February 1 to April 16 and Italy from February 24 to March 31. Then, the proposed fractional model can also predict the peak of diagnosis. Furthermore, the existence, uniqueness and boundedness of a nonnegative solution are considered in the proposed system. Afterward, the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] , which provide a theoretical basis for the future control of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836817/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05848-4 id: cord-344949-9zyz4hll author: Luban, Jeremy title: The DHODH Inhibitor PTC299 Arrests SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Suppresses Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines date: 2020-08-05 words: 5552.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344949-9zyz4hll.txt summary: a Selectivity index is the ratio of CC50 to EC50 b values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) Abbreviations: CC50, compound concentration at which cell number is reduced by 50%; EC50, compound concentration at which viral replication on a linear scale is inhibited by 50%; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HCV, hepatitis C virus replicon genotype 1b; PIV-3, Parainfluenza type 3; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TCID50, tissue culture infectious dose 50%. In the BT co-cell culture system, which models chronic inflammatory conditions driven by B cell activation and antibody production, incubation of cells with 10 nM PTC299 resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of soluble (s)IgG, sIL-17A, sIL-17F, sIL-6, and sTNFα released from the cells after 72 hours of stimulation (range, 49% to 68%) (all p values <0.01) ( Figure 4 and Table 2 ). abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an urgent need for therapeutics that inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus and suppress the fulminant inflammation characteristic of advanced illness. Here, we describe the anti-COVID-19 potential of PTC299, an orally available compound that is a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. In tissue culture, PTC299 manifests robust, dose-dependent, and DHODH-dependent inhibition of SARS CoV-2 replication (EC50 range, 2.0 to 31.6 nM) with a selectivity index >3,800. PTC299 also blocked replication of other RNA viruses, including Ebola virus. Consistent with known DHODH requirements for immunomodulatory cytokine production, PTC299 inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A (also called IL-17), IL-17F, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tissue culture models. The combination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, cytokine inhibitory activity, and previously established favorable pharmacokinetic and human safety profiles render PTC299 a promising therapeutic for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.05.238394 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.05.238394 id: cord-346225-dmwrm6jl author: Lucaciu, Ondine title: Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 words: 1094.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346225-dmwrm6jl.txt summary: This article provides recommendation on patient evaluation, treatment approach for dental emergencies and infection control protocols. Screening for COVID-19 status and triaging for dental treatments During the pandemic, it is recommended to perform exclusively emergency dental procedures to protect the medical personnel, the patients and to reduce as much as possible the consumption of personal protective equipment. Emergency dental patients that test positive for SARS-CoV-2 should be referred for emergency care where appropriate Transmission-Based Precautions are available. Oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic If procedures were performed without N95 masks, both the healthcare provider and the patient are at moderate risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global challenge, given the increased contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2, dental healthcare providers have to adopt new protocols for a better infection prevention in the dental office and new working protocols aimed to prevent spreading the virus. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790220300805 doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.04.012 id: cord-268525-j06u3brl author: Lucchese, Guglielmo title: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 indicate autoimmunity date: 2020-10-07 words: 285.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268525-j06u3brl.txt summary: All of these studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the CSF of patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations. [1] [2] [3] [4] Further results 5 support an indirect mechanism, showing a high prevalence of autoantibodies, mainly against unknown autoantigens in the brain, in CSF from patients with COVID-19 and neurological complications. It appears, therefore, that neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not caused by direct cytopathic effects but indirect immune-mediated mechanisms targeting various unknown elements of the nervous system. Testing the immune reactivity of the CSF of patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations against candidate targets for autoimmunity might be the next step to elucidate the mechanisms of damage to the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms Patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations show undetectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720301476 doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30147-6 id: cord-285729-plbv62nz author: Lucchetti, Giancarlo title: Spirituality, religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-02 words: 3785.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285729-plbv62nz.txt summary: Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). In an attempt to bridge this gap, the present study aims to evaluate the use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of the social isolation (i.e. hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). In the inferential analyses, logistic regression models were conducted using dichotomous religious and spiritual measures (e.g. Religious attendance: 1 = Once a week or more and 0 = Less than once a week) as independent variables and the mental health consequences of social isolation (e.g. How afraid are you with the pandemic? The present study investigated the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are highly used in critical moments of life and that these beliefs are associated with clinical outcomes. However, further studies are needed to assess these beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS: To evaluate the use of R/S during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in May 2020. Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). Adjusted regression models were used. RESULTS: A total of 485 participants were included from all regions of Brazil. There was a high use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the pandemic and this use was associated with better mental health outcomes. Lower levels of worrying were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.466, CI 95%: 0.307–0.706), religious attendance (OR = 0.587, CI 95%: 0.395–0.871), spiritual growth (OR = 0.667, CI 95%: 0.448–0.993) and with an increase in religious activities (OR = 0.660, CI 95%: 0.442–0.986); lower levels of fear were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.632, CI 95%: 0.422–0.949) and spiritual growth (OR = 0.588, CI 95%: 0.392–0.882) and, lower levels of sadness (OR = 0.646, CI 95%: 0.418–0.997) were associated with spiritual growth. Finally, hope was associated with all R/S variables in different degrees (ranging from OR = 1.706 to 3.615). CONCLUSIONS: R/S seem to have an important role on the relief of suffering, having an influence on health outcomes and minimizing the consequences of social isolation. These results highlight the importance of public health measures that ensure the continuity of R/S activities during the pandemic and the training of healthcare professionals to address these issues. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020970996 doi: 10.1177/0020764020970996 id: cord-319728-d0kf9gme author: Lucchini, Matteo title: Is serological response to SARS-CoV-2 preserved in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment? A case report date: 2020-06-22 words: 1382.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319728-d0kf9gme.txt summary: We present the case of a MS patient with mild COVID-19 who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA without IgG ten weeks after infection. We present the case of a MS patient with mild COVID-19 who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA without IgG ten weeks after infection. Few case reports of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving ocrelizumab who contracted COVID-19 with a benign course have recently been published (Novi et al., 2020; Suwanwongse and Shabarek, 2020) . Forty days before COVID-19 onset, the patient performed routine blood tests including cell blood count (CBC), lymphocyte subtypes, immunoglobulin dosage and liver and kidney function showing CD19+ complete depletion (normal CD4+ and CD8+) and IgG at lower limit (700 mg/dl, normal range 700-1600). Despite an optimal recovery from COVID-19, our patient did not develop a full serological response against SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by the absence of specific IgG production. abstract: The emergency represented by the COVID-19 pandemic represents a new challenge for clinicians who deal with autoimmune diseases because of patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Few cases of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients receiving ocrelizumab who contracted COVID-19 with a benign course have recently been published. We present the case of a MS patient with mild COVID-19 who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA without IgG ten weeks after infection. Patients on B-cell depleting drugs have a reduced antibody immune response to viral neoantigens. A relative sparing of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) could be responsible for IgA response in our patient. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102323 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102323 id: cord-353592-gsvobusu author: Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes title: Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-30 words: 7599.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt summary: Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751624/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155514 id: cord-286485-tt9ysg0w author: Lucius, M. title: ROBUST COVID-19-RELATED CONDITION CLASSIFICATION NETWORK date: 2020-05-26 words: 3261.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286485-tt9ysg0w.txt summary: Our study evaluates the performance of a tailor-designed deep convolutional network on the tasks of early detection and localization of radiological signs associated to COVID-19 on frontal chest X-rays. The associated results show that our AI framework is able to classify COVID-19 accurately, making of it a potential tool to improve the diagnostic performance across primary-care centres and, to grant priority to a subset of algorithmic selected images for urgent follow-on expert review. However, chest x-rays taken in patients with confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19 condition can induce to confusion in cases associated to other lung infections or pathologies (including the absence of them) making it difficult for non-trained physicians to differentiate among these patterns. In all cases, the files include anonymous frontal chest X-rays, whilst the dataset provided by HM Hospitales contains anonymized records related to the 2,307 patients admitted with a confirmed (n=2,075) or pending (n=232) of COVID-19 diagnosis performed by rt-PCR. abstract: COVID-19 can exponentially precipitate life-threatening emergencies as witnessed during the recent spreading of a novel coronavirus infection which can rapidly evolve into lung collapse and respiratory distress (among other various severe clinical conditions). Our study evaluates the performance of a tailor-designed deep convolutional network on the tasks of early detection and localization of radiological signs associated to COVID-19 on frontal chest X-rays. We also asses the frameworks capacity in differentiating the above-mentioned signs, which are usually confused with the more usual common bacterial and viral pneumonias. Open-source chest X-ray images categorized as Normal, Non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pneumonias were downloaded from the NIH (n=2,259), RSNA (n=600) and HM Hospitales (n=2,307). Our algorithmic framework was able to precisely detect the images with COVID19- related radiological findings (mean Accuracy: 90.5%; Sensitivity: 80.6%; Specificity: 98.0%), whilst correctly categorizing images deemed as Non-COVID-19 pneumonias (mean Accuracy: 88.4%; Sensitivity: 93.3%; Specificity: 92.0%) and normal chest X- rays (mean Accuracy 92.1%; Sensitivity: 91.8%; Specificity: 94.3%). The associated results show that our AI framework is able to classify COVID-19 accurately, making of it a potential tool to improve the diagnostic performance across primary-care centres and, to grant priority to a subset of algorithmic selected images for urgent follow-on expert review. This would sensibly accelerate diagnosis in remote locations, reduce the bottleneck on specialized centres, and/or help to alleviate the needs on situations of scarcity in the availability of molecular tests. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.19.20106336v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106336 id: cord-259619-sco0d5cc author: Ludvigsson, Johnny title: Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society date: 2020-09-30 words: 2498.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259619-sco0d5cc.txt summary: title: Corona Pandemic: Assisted Isolation and Care to Protect Vulnerable Populations May Allow Us to Shorten the Universal Lock-Down and Gradually Re-open Society We suggest here that more selective assisted isolation of vulnerable populations would reduce the predictable increase in hospital admissions and more rapidly alleviate the fallout from total lockdown measures. Even though COVID19 sometimes leads to need for treatment at intensive care units (ICU) also for younger individuals, the virus appears most dangerous for a selected group of the most vulnerable people. We must consider diverting our major efforts to protect the vulnerable-elderly and patients with preexisting comorbidities-by providing safe and assisted isolation and care; not least now that lockdown rules start to be relaxed. However, these measures have isolated subjects at risk, but have not increased immunization of the population with so called herd immunity through the transient infection of the less vulnerable. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.562901 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562901 id: cord-337572-kx5hihnr author: Ludwig, Stephan title: Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A Brief Overview date: 2020-04-20 words: 2668.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337572-kx5hihnr.txt summary: The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 . Here we provide a short background on coronaviruses and their origin, and we describe in more detail the novel SARS-CoV-2 and the efforts thus far to identify effective therapies against COVID-19. The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 19 SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 At the end of December 2019, China reported the increasing occurrence of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown origin were reported from China, which in early January 2020 were announced to be caused by a novel coronavirus. The virus was later denominated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and defined as the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite massive attempts to contain the disease in China, the virus has spread globally, and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Here we provide a short background on coronaviruses, and describe in more detail the novel SARS-CoV-2 and attempts to identify effective therapies against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004845 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004845 id: cord-300550-l28tadhn author: Luers, Jan C title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 words: 1755.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300550-l28tadhn.txt summary: In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics. First of all, patients were asked for the onset of fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, muscle aches, headache, diarrhea, reduced olfaction, and a reduced sense of taste during COVID-19. To investigate factors related to reduced olfaction as well as to a reduced sense of taste two general linear models were used with explanatory variables of age, gender, TNSS, fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, and headache, respectively. In addition, fever, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, headache, and TNSS were also not associated with reduced olfaction or reduced sense of taste (p ≥ 0.05, respectively). Our study shows for the first time that both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction is very common in COVID-19 patients, with olfactory dysfunction even leveling the symptom ''cough'' at > 70%. abstract: Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) shows a rapid spread over-the-world. Given scarce resources, non-laboratory diagnostics is crucial. In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa525 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa525 id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4500.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt summary: The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease outbreak from 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly contagious virus that claimed thousands of lives around the world and disrupted the health system in many countries. The assessment of emergency capacity in every country is a necessary part of the COVID-19 response efforts. Thus, it is extremely recommended to evaluate the health care system to prepare the country to tackle COVID-19 challenges. Methods and Findings: A retrospective and ecological study was performed with data retrieved from the public national healthcare database (DATASUS). Numbers of intensive care unit and infirmary beds, general or intensivists physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and ventilators from each Regional Health Unity were extracted, and the beds per health professionals and ventilators per population rates were assessed. The accessibility to health services was also performed using a spatial overlay approach to verify regions that lack assistance. It was found that Brazil lacks equity, integrity, and may struggle to assist with high complexity for the COVID-19 patients in many regions of the country. Conclusions: Brazilian health system is insufficient to tackle the COVID-19 in some regions of the country where the coronavirus may be responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.09.20096719v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 id: cord-024936-ncia0h9m author: Luker, Gary D. title: Transitioning to a New Normal after COVID-19: Preparing to Get Back on Track for Cancer Imaging date: 2020-04-15 words: 2949.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024936-ncia0h9m.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic presents institutions and radiologists with two formidable challenges: 1) trying to maintain clinical and research operations in the face of social distancing and stay-at-home-orders; and 2) plotting a course to transition from the immediate threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to an uncertain future that certainly will not resemble conditions we previously regarded as normal. While recognizing that COVID-19 has disrupted essentially all aspects of life, this commentary focuses on the immediate and projected future impact on clinical care and research in cancer imaging and image-guided therapy. As the outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in the United States, there were two main priorities that clinics had with regard to decision-making on cancer imaging appointments: keeping people healthy and preserving personal protective equipment resources. As institutional review boards may be prioritizing COVID-19 related projects, there may be a delay in new cancer imaging studies that can be approved and initiated. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233388/ doi: 10.1148/rycan.2020204011 id: cord-316923-b81uaooh author: Luks, Andrew M. title: Reply: COVID-19 Lung Injury and “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency date: 2020-09-17 words: 1531.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316923-b81uaooh.txt summary: For example, in COVID-19 lung disease, a hypoxemic condition that progresses over several days in which many patients do not appear to be in distress, what is more injurious: accepting a lower oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry or initiating invasive mechanical ventilation? With great respect for the authors'' well-meaning concern to avoid patient harm, let me be clear about mine: I am concerned that the alveolar filling/collapse, low-compliance pulmonary disease being seen in the intensive care unit is predominantly due to ventilator-induced lung injury rather than to the natural evolution of COVID-19 disease. Finally, the author states, without supporting evidence, that patients with COVID-19 have "normal or near-normal pulmonary compliance." To date, only three published reports have documented static compliance in COVID-19, and in two of them (2, 3) the average static compliance was low (,35 ml/cm H 2 O) and consistent with that seen in prior studies of ARDS. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32432897/ doi: 10.1513/annalsats.202005-430le id: cord-289490-u0f0zyad author: Lumba, Rishi title: Neonate Born to a Mother with a Diagnosis of Suspected Intra-Amniotic Infection versus COVID-19 or Both date: 2020-07-18 words: 1444.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289490-u0f0zyad.txt summary: In this report, we detail a case of a newborn born to a mother with a clinical diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection with maternal fever and fetal tachycardia, who was then found to be SARS-CoV-2 positive on testing. Due to the varying presentation of COVID-19, this case illustrates the low threshold needed to test mothers for SARS-CoV-2 in order to prevent horizontal transmission to neonates and to healthcare providers. e current recommendations made by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) are that the diagnosis of suspected intraamniotic infection be made on clinical criteria, which include maternal intrapartum fever and one or more of the following: maternal leukocytosis, purulent cervical drainage, or fetal tachycardia. Although a clinical diagnosis of Triple I was made by the obstetrics team, given maternal fever, testing for SARS-CoV-2 was included as well. abstract: A diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection is typically made based on clinical criteria, including maternal intrapartum fever and one or more of the following: maternal leukocytosis, purulent cervical drainage, or fetal tachycardia. The diagnosis can also be made in patients with an isolated fever of 39°C, or greater, without any other clinical risk factors present. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has been noted to have varying signs and symptoms over the course of the disease including fever, cough, fatigue, anorexia, shortness of breath, sputum production, and myalgia. In this report, we detail a case of a newborn born to a mother with a clinical diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection with maternal fever and fetal tachycardia, who was then found to be SARS-CoV-2 positive on testing. Due to the varying presentation of COVID-19, this case illustrates the low threshold needed to test mothers for SARS-CoV-2 in order to prevent horizontal transmission to neonates and to healthcare providers. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886800 doi: 10.1155/2020/8886800 id: cord-277669-uujny2dm author: Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo title: Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System date: 2020-09-04 words: 7443.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can differentially infect multiple tissues (i.e., lung, vessel, heart, liver) in different stages of disease, and in an ageand sex-dependent manner. In particular, treatments with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) may help to reduce hyperinflammation and viral propagation, while infusion of soluble ACE2 may trap plasma viral particles and increase cardioprotective Ang-(1–9) and Ang-(1–7) peptides. SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates in the respiratory system, when the S protein of its external layer binds the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) at the plasma membrane of host cells [5] . It was originally suggested that elevation of ACE2 might favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in COVID-19 patients with underlying CV disease and ACEi/ARB treatment [92] . It was originally suggested that elevation of ACE2 might favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in COVID-19 patients with underlying CV disease and ACEi/ARB treatment [92] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually more severe and associated with worst outcomes in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension or atherothrombosis. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can differentially infect multiple tissues (i.e., lung, vessel, heart, liver) in different stages of disease, and in an age- and sex-dependent manner. In particular, cardiovascular (CV) cells (e.g., endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes) could be directly infected and indirectly disturbed by systemic alterations, leading to hyperinflammatory, apoptotic, thrombotic, and vasoconstrictive responses. Until now, hundreds of clinical trials are testing antivirals and immunomodulators to decrease SARS-CoV-2 infection or related systemic anomalies. However, new therapies targeting the CV system might reduce the severity and lethality of disease. In this line, activation of the non-canonical pathway of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) could improve CV homeostasis under COVID-19. In particular, treatments with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) may help to reduce hyperinflammation and viral propagation, while infusion of soluble ACE2 may trap plasma viral particles and increase cardioprotective Ang-(1–9) and Ang-(1–7) peptides. The association of specific ACE2 polymorphisms with increased susceptibility of infection and related CV pathologies suggests potential genetic therapies. Moreover, specific agonists of Ang-(1–7) receptor could counter-regulate the hypertensive, hyperinflammatory, and hypercoagulable responses. Interestingly, sex hormones could also regulate all these RAAS components. Therefore, while waiting for an efficient vaccine, we suggest further investigations on the non-canonical RAAS pathway to reduce cardiovascular damage and mortality in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899833/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21186471 id: cord-296803-tde8k4kr author: Lundin, Rebecca title: Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy date: 2020-09-07 words: 1501.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296803-tde8k4kr.txt summary: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international authorities have warned about the increased risk of GBV related to more time spent indoors, isolation from social and protective networks, and greater social and economic stress related to both the epidemic and response measures [2] [3] [4] . During the COVID-19 pandemic network members were asked to review the number of women contacting anti-violence centers during two time periods, corresponding to about one month each (between 2 March and 5 April 2020 and between 6 April and 3 May 2020). Specifically, further research is needed to identify the drivers of the observed increases in contact with anti-violence centers and to develop and test effective interventions to protect women at risk of GBV during the ongoing COVID-19 response. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020359 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020359 id: cord-297599-y4lu8m4k author: Luo, Hua title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies date: 2020-10-28 words: 7665.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297599-y4lu8m4k.txt summary: This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some researchers are currently using mice as an animal model to test drugs and vaccines and to investigate the nature of the infection of SARS-CoV-2 [49] [50] [51] . In fact, in a study led by Qin Chuan on SARS, engineered mice that could express human ACE2 protein was successfully established, leading this Chinese team pioneered the establishment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 transgenic mouse model [54] . For example, an effective and convenient novel mouse model in evaluating in vivo protective capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was developed through stitching the human gene for ACE2 into an adenovirus by Perlman et al. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has recently evolved into a global pandemic. Up to July 2020, almost every country has confirmed COVID-19 cases reported worldwide. Many leading experts have predicted that the epidemic will persist for relatively a long period of time. Thus far, there have been no remedies proven effective against the disease. As the nation where COVID-19 broke out first, China has adopted a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine to fight against the disease, and has achieved significant clinical result. Up to now, the COVID-19 pandemic has been effectively controlled in China. However, the rest of the world (except for a limited number of countries and regions) is still in deep water. This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. These methodologies may facilitate researchers to screen out more potential drugs for treating COVID-19 pneumonia and to tackle this global crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133232/ doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z id: cord-313215-diqfmitr author: Luo, Lei title: Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-07-09 words: 1593.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313215-diqfmitr.txt summary: title: Air and surface contamination in non-health care settings among 641 environmental specimens of 39 COVID-19 cases Background Little is known about the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air in non-health care settings among COVID-19 cases. To address this question, in this study, we sampled total of 641 surfaces 63 environmental and air specimens among 39 cases in Guangzhou, China, to explore the 64 surrounding environmental surfaces and air contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in non-65 health care settings. A total of 641 157 environmental surfaces and air specimens were collected among 39 COVID-19 cases, 158 and 20 specimens (20/641, 3.1%) were positive by RT-PCR testing from 9 COVID-19 159 cases (9/39, 23.1%), with 5 (5/101, 5.0%) positive specimens from 3 asymptomatic 160 cases, 5 (5/220, 2.3%) from 3 mild cases, and 10 (10/374, 2.7%) from 3 moderate cases 161 ( of SARS-CoV-2 (Table 2) . abstract: Background Little is known about the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air in non-health care settings among COVID-19 cases. Methods and findings We explored the SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air by collecting air and swabbing environmental surfaces among 39 COVID-19 cases in Guangzhou, China. The specimens were tested by RT-PCR testing. The information collected for COVID-19 cases included basic demographic, clinical severity, onset of symptoms, radiological testing, laboratory testing and hospital admission. A total of 641 environmental surfaces and air specimens were collected among 39 COVID-19 cases before disinfection. Among them, 20 specimens (20/641, 3.1%) were tested positive from 9 COVID-19 cases (9/39, 23.1%), with 5 (5/101, 5.0%) positive specimens from 3 asymptomatic cases, 5 (5/220, 2.3%) from 3 mild cases, and 10 (10/374, 2.7%) from 3 moderate cases. All positive specimens were collected within 3 days after diagnosis, and 10 (10/42, 23.8%) were found in toilet (5 on toilet bowl, 4 on sink/faucet/shower, 1 on floor drain), 4 (4/21, 19.0%) in anteroom (2 on water dispenser/cup/bottle, 1 on chair/table, 1 on TV remote), 1 (1/8, 12.5%) in kitchen (1 on dining-table), 1 (1/18, 5.6%) in bedroom (1 on bed/sheet pillow/bedside table), 1 (1/5, 20.0%) in car (1 on steering wheel/seat/handlebar) and 3 (3/20, 21.4%) on door knobs. Air specimens in room (0/10, 0.0%) and car (0/1, 0.0%) were all negative. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 was found on environmental surfaces especially in toilet, and could survive for several days. We provided evidence of potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through contamination of environmental surfaces. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.195008 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.09.195008 id: cord-306729-oa9i4ss9 author: Luo, Li-Sha title: COVID-19: Presumed Infection Routes and Psychological Impact on Staff in Administrative and Logistics Departments in a Designated Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-12 words: 3081.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306729-oa9i4ss9.txt summary: The current study thus aimed to explore the potential infection routes and psychological changes among hospital staff in ALDs and to provide scientific suggestions on preventing adverse effects among this population''s during large-scale infectious diseases outbreaks. During previous infectious diseases outbreaks, studies on the healthcare staff ''s infection have focused on the front-line doctors and nurses, while the staffs in FIGURE 1 | Psychological status before and after diagnosis of the COVID-19 staffs in administrative and logistics departments (A: awareness of the epidemic before diagnosis; B: mental attitude before diagnosis; C: psychological stress or emotional changes after diagnosis; D: the possible causes of emotional change after diagnosis; E: the methods used to control stress or mood changes after diagnosis; and F: the sources of comfort and care after diagnosis). In our study, we found no significant difference in psychological impact between infected doctors and nurses and staff in ALDs-neither in the awareness and mental attitude to the epidemic before diagnosis or the psychological changes after diagnosis. abstract: Objective: Our aim was to explore the presumed infection routes and psychological impact of COVID-19 on staff in administrative and logistics departments (ALDs). Methods: We gathered data from all 18 staff members with COVID-19 in ALDs in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China. The baseline, job before diagnosis, presumed infection environment, use of protective equipment, and psychological status before and after diagnosis were collected and analyzed. A total of 18 uninfected staff members working alongside them in the same environment and 18 random matched infected doctors and nurses formed two control groups; the psychological impact of these three groups was then compared. Results: Of the 18 members of staff, 88.89% were infected due to the working environment (hospital), and nine had face-to-face conversations with doctors and nurses in their daily work. Many staff members did not take any protective measures in their routine work. Before they were diagnosed, 12 staff members were aware of the seriousness of the epidemic, and most of the staff maintained a neutral attitude to the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 77.78% of the staff experienced psychological stress or emotional changes after diagnosis, which were mainly caused by family health and disease related issues. Most of them managed their emotions by self-control and video calls with their families. There was no significant difference in psychological impact among the three groups, but uninfected staff members were fully aware of the seriousness of the epidemic. Conclusions: Effective protective measures should be taken for staff members in ALDs. Psychological interventions are very important to help infected staff members in ALDs cope with psychological distress. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01501 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01501 id: cord-336753-4212ftlc author: Luo, Lu title: Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 3556.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336753-4212ftlc.txt summary: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. While COVID-19 is now being effectively controlled within China, it is increasingly affecting other countries worldwide, most notably the U.S., Iran, and Italy since Feb 25, 2020 1 3 With a long history of combating epidemic diseases with relatively low mortality, TCM has accumulated a rich antiviral herb knowledgebase from clinical observation and pharmacological selection. There are mutual groupings within these core combinations of herbal pairs and chemical components, thus supporting that the herbs and formulae containing these properties may act as potential candidates for COVID-19 treatment ( Fig. 4B and Table S6 .2). A report on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine 19 on empidemic encephalitis B-summary of TCM treatment group in 1956 abstract: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. A total of 166 modified herbal formulae consisting of 179 single herbal medicines were collected for treating COVID-19 in China. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, Scutellariae Radix, and Armeniacae Semen Amarum are the most frequently utilized in clinics, most of which are antipyretic (47, 26.26%), expectorant and cough-suppressing (22, 12.29%), and dampness-resolving (21, 11.73%) from traditional descriptions. A total of 1212 chemical components containing β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and quercetin were primarily selected. Additionally, using complex system entropy and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, 8 core herbal combinations and 10 new formulae emerged as potentially useful candidates for COVID-19. Finally, following scaffold analysis, self-organizing mapping (SOM) and cluster analysis, 12 clusters of molecules yielded 8 pharmacophore families of structures that were further screened as pharmacological targets in human metabolic pathways for inhibiting coronavirus. This article aims to make more easily accessible and share historical herbal knowledge used in contemporary treatments in a modern manner to assist researchers contain the global spread of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221138352030589X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007 id: cord-309608-oal60som author: Luo, Shihua title: Don''t Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-20 words: 911.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309608-oal60som.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309608-oal60som.txt summary: title: Don''t Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) We present a case series of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection whose initial symptoms were gastrointestinal. We evaluated all 1141 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. 5 These findings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 suggest that the digestive system, along with the respiratory tract, may be a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and could explain why some patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32205220/ doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.043 id: cord-254776-m4makxr8 author: Luo, Shiua title: A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-01 words: 384.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254776-m4makxr8.txt summary: title: A Follow-up Study of Recovered Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has clearly entered a new stage with rapid spread in countries outside China [1] . Currently, a large number of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan have been cured and discharged. In Wuhan, China, all cured patients with COVID-19 are required to quarantine in either a designated hotel room or at home for 14 days [3] . We retrospectively evaluated the data of the recovered patients with COVID-19 in two different designated fever clinics in Wuhan, with a goal to provide relevant information about these patients. In this study, only 7.7‰ patients experienced recurrence during isolation and observation, and all presented with mild symptoms. Serological tests to identify antibodies played a key role in surveillance of recurrence of COVID-19 [4] . Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220304264?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.119 id: cord-279158-dsnniuo6 author: Luo, Y. title: Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-22 words: 3903.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279158-dsnniuo6.txt summary: title: Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study Through a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study, we found that the low blood sodium population may significantly increase the risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we aimed to find a key risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic by investigating the relationship between the blood sodium concentration and the severity of patients with COVID-19 through a systematic reviews, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study. For the systematic review and meta-analysis, median or mean values of serum sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations from each report were considered as an independent variable for statistical analysis, and an unpaired t-test was used to compare the differences between the groups related to the severity of disease. In this study, we found that the patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 on admission have presented the low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia) that were related to the disease severity. abstract: Background Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infects human lung tissue cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), and the body sodium is an important factor for regulating the expression of ACE2. Through a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study, we found that the low blood sodium population may significantly increase the risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We extracted the data of serum sodium concentrations of patients with COVID-19 on admission from the articles published between Jan 1 and April 28, 2020, and analyzed the relationship between the serum sodium concentrations and the illness severity of patients. Then we used a cohort of 244 patients with COVID-19 for a retrospective analysis. Results We identified 36 studies, one of which comprised 2736 patients.The mean serum sodium concentration in patients with COVID-19 was 138.6 mmol/L, which was much lower than the median level in population (142.0). The mean serum sodium concentration in severe/critical patients (137.0) was significantly lower than those in mild and moderate patients (140.8 and 138.7, respectively). Such findings were confirmed in a retrospective cohort study, of which the mean serum sodium concentration in all patients was 137.5 mmol/L, and the significant differences were found between the mild (139.2) and moderate (137.2) patients, and the mild and severe/critical (136.6) patients. Interestingly, such changes were not obvious in the serum chlorine and potassium concentrations. Conclusions The low sodium state of patients with COVID-19 may not be the consequence of virus infection, but could be a physiological state possibly caused by living habits such as low salt diet and during aging process, which may result in ACE2 overexpression, and increase the risk and severity of COVID-19. These findings may provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20102509v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20102509 id: cord-334945-lxowaacg author: Luo, Yi title: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-17 words: 1796.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334945-lxowaacg.txt summary: We describe the case of a physician in Wuhan, China, who had mildly symptomatic COVID-19 and the subsequent asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in all 5 of his household contacts. All 5 household contacts of patient 1 had laboratory evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection but remained asymptomatic throughout the period of observation (February 11-March 1) (Figure, panel A) . An early report from China on 72,314 COVID-19 cases found that only 1% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic; however, asymptomatic close contacts were not routinely tested in that study (7) . In summary, this single-household study found a high attack rate for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among the immediate family members of a symptomatic COVID-19 case-patient. Moreover, our experience indicates that screening symptomatic contacts with a single throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2 might lead to an underestimate of the rate of infection and that asymptomatic persons can repeatedly revert between positive and negative PCR results on throat specimens. abstract: We found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a Wuhan, China, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by PCR. The index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. Asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330112/ doi: 10.3201/eid2608.201016 id: cord-276013-8dhqa2gj author: Luo, Yung-Hung title: Overview of coronavirus disease 2019: Treatment updates and advances date: 2020-08-17 words: 3764.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276013-8dhqa2gj.txt summary: 7, 11 Patients with severe symptoms may have unfavorable disease Abstract: In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China, and this new type of pneumonia spread rapidly to across provinces during the subsequent weeks. Clinical trials on baricitinib demonstrated at least some effects in selective patient populations with COVID-19 acute respiratory disease. On March 17, 2020, the National Medical Products Administration of China approved favipiravir as the first coronavirus drug with evidence from clinical trials showing efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China, and this new type of pneumonia spread rapidly to across provinces during the subsequent weeks. The pathogen was identified quickly and was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infectious disease caused by this virus is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Within months, it has caused a global pandemic and posed a major threat to public health worldwide. As of May 23, 2020, 5 252 452 patients have been confirmed to have the disease, and 339 026 deaths have been reported. Multiple therapeutic trials are ongoing, and some promising results have been released. A vaccine would provide the most effective approach to fight the virus by preventing infection, but none are currently available. To control the COVID-19 outbreak, large-scale measures have been applied to reduce human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Susceptible populations, including older adults, children, and healthcare providers, warrant particular attention to avoid transmission and infection. This review introduces current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment strategies, emphasizing the relevant challenges associated with prevention, diagnosis, and management. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000367 doi: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000367 id: cord-271504-t3y1w9ef author: Luo, Zichao title: Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community date: 2020-06-16 words: 14361.0 sentences: 795.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271504-t3y1w9ef.txt summary: A confirmed case should have at least one of the following criteria: (i) a positive result for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, using real-time PCR tests from respiratory or blood samples; (ii) a high homogeneity between viral gene sequencing from respiratory or blood samples and known 2019-nCoV; and (iii) serum samples positive for IgM or IgG to 2019-nCoV, or seroconversion in IgG, or a fourfold or more significant increase in IgG antibody titer to 2019-nCoV in the recovery phase than in the acute phase [25] . Using blood samples taken from alleged COVID-19 patients, the researchers detected antibodies targeting the spike protein that prevented the virus from killing cells in laboratory tests. showed a promising in vitro inhibitory effect of this serine protease inhibitor in SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV on human lung cells, showing potential as a viable option for COVID-19 treatment [113] . Given that antiviral drugs have previously demonstrated reasonable inhibition of coronaviruses and therapeutic efficacy against coronavirus outbreaks, umifenovir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin have been recommended in the latest guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, updated on 17 February 2020 [189] . abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV, a pandemic, as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sudden loss of smell, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. To date, there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19. Other techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and microfluidics, have allowed better disease diagnosis. Here, as part of the effort to expand screening capacity, we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies. We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607499/ doi: 10.34133/2020/6925296 id: cord-356298-a4p4aca8 author: Luria, Mijal title: "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" date: 2020-05-25 words: 1788.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356298-a4p4aca8.txt summary: title: "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19" In the absence of clinical data, governments, medical systems, health care professionals and individuals, are forced to make decisions regarding the management of one of the biggest crises of the current century, based on untested hypotheses and insights learned from others. Delay in sexual medicine care has short and long-term consequences for the patients, especially in times of strain. This could be an opportunity for health care providers from all fields to talk among themselves about relationships and sexuality and to encourage them, in turn, to be more open to talking with their patients about these issues. During the first days of the confinement, the Israeli Association of Public Health Physicians, contacted the Israel Association for Sexual Medicine, urging us to publish guidelines for sexual behavior in Covid-19 times. COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.020 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.020 id: cord-264942-9u2k5ctm author: Lusczek, E. R. title: Characterizing COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes and Associated Comorbidities and Complication Profiles date: 2020-09-14 words: 3278.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264942-9u2k5ctm.txt summary: Main outcomes and measures: Phenotype classification (I, II, III), patient characteristics associated with phenotype assignment, in-hospital complications, and clinical outcomes including ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. We selected 30 in-hospital complications measured during each patient s hospital stay for COVID-19 categorized into the following systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, renal, hepatic, metabolic, and infectious (Supplemental Table 4 ). Differences across phenotypes with respect to patient demographics, admission vitals and labs, complications, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes are presented in Table 1 . abstract: Background: There is limited understanding of heterogeneity in outcomes across hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identification of distinct clinical phenotypes may facilitate tailored therapy and improve outcomes. Objective: Identify specific clinical phenotypes across COVID-19 patients and compare admission characteristics and outcomes. Design, Settings, and Participants: Retrospective analysis of 1,022 COVID-19 patient admissions from 14 Midwest U.S. hospitals between March 7, 2020 and August 25, 2020. Methods: Ensemble clustering was performed on a set of 33 vitals and labs variables collected within 72 hours of admission. K-means based consensus clustering was used to identify three clinical phenotypes. Principal component analysis was performed on the average covariance matrix of all imputed datasets to visualize clustering and variable relationships. Multinomial regression models were fit to further compare patient comorbidities across phenotype classification. Multivariable models were fit to estimate the association between phenotype and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Main outcomes and measures: Phenotype classification (I, II, III), patient characteristics associated with phenotype assignment, in-hospital complications, and clinical outcomes including ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Results: The database included 1,022 patients requiring hospital admission with COVID-19 (median age, 62.1 [IQR: 45.9-75.8] years; 481 [48.6%] male, 412 [40.3%] required ICU admission, 437 [46.7%] were white). Three clinical phenotypes were identified (I, II, III); 236 [23.1%] patients had phenotype I, 613 [60%] patients had phenotype II, and 173 [16.9%] patients had phenotype III. When grouping comorbidities by organ system, patients with respiratory comorbidities were most commonly characterized by phenotype III (p=0.002), while patients with hematologic (p<0.001), renal (p<0.001), and cardiac (p<0.001) comorbidities were most commonly characterized by phenotype I. The adjusted odds of respiratory (p<0.001), renal (p<0.001), and metabolic (p<0.001) complications were highest for patients with phenotype I, followed by phenotype II. Patients with phenotype I had a far greater odds of hepatic (p<0.001) and hematological (p=0.02) complications than the other two phenotypes. Phenotypes I and II were associated with 7.30-fold (HR: 7.30, 95% CI: (3.11-17.17), p<0.001) and 2.57-fold (HR: 2.57, 95% CI: (1.10-6.00), p=0.03) increases in the hazard of death, respectively, when compared to phenotype III. Conclusion: In this retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19, three clinical phenotypes were identified. Future research is urgently needed to determine the utility of these phenotypes in clinical practice and trial design. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.12.20193391v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20193391 id: cord-304872-hnxmtbrf author: Lv, Hao title: Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-17 words: 3433.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304872-hnxmtbrf.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To investigate olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan using a telephone interview. The characteristics of the patient''s disease course and recovery time for olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunctions (OD and/or GD) were collected by telephone interview. Two hypotheses might explain the low prevalence of OD and/ or GD reported in the Chinese study: First, the number of Chinese patients with COVID-19 who exhibit olfactory or gustatory disorders is indeed lower. Furthermore, all previous studies were limited to the acute phase with a short follow-up period, which might not reflect the recovery regularity of olfactory and/or gustatory impairment in patients with COVID 19. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and recovery time of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection who were discharged from non-intensive care units 3 months earlier in China. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan using a telephone interview. METHODS: This retrospective telephone survey investigated 196 consecutive patients with COVID-19 discharged 3 months previously from two hospital in Wuhan, China. The characteristics of the patient's disease course and recovery time for olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunctions (OD and/or GD) were collected by telephone interview. Demographic data were collected from the patients’ medical records. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients with COVID-19 completed the study. The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of fever, cough, and fatigue. 19.9% of patients reported OD and/or GD. In 87.2% of these cases, OD or GD appeared after the general symptoms. Among the patients, 51.4% had a recovery time of more than 4 weeks for OD and/or GD. Patients with COVID-19 and OD and/or GD had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular disease than patients without OD and/or GD (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Recovery from chemosensory dysfunction (OD and/or GD) was slow, with over half of the patients taking more than 4 weeks to recover. Cardiovascular disease might be related to the development of olfactory or taste disorders in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.039 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.039 id: cord-281159-elwmqqqq author: Lv, M. title: Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-04-17 words: 4782.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281159-elwmqqqq.txt summary: title: Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis . Eight researchers (N Yang, X Luo, W Li, X Chen, Y Liu, M Ren, X Zhang and L Wang) were divided into four groups to extract the data and collect the following information for each study: basic information (title, first author, country or region of participants, date of publication/posting, journal, and study type), patient information (sample size, female/male ratio, adult/children ratio, age range, mean age), outcome information (primary outcome: sensitivity of chest CT imaging using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results as reference; other outcomes, including probability of bilateral or unilateral pneumonia, ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation, number of lobes affected, location of lobe involvement, rounded morphology, linear opacities, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram, interlobular septum thickening, pleural thickening, halo sign, reverse halo sign, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy). abstract: Background: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a massive impact on the whole world. Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in the diagnosis of this novel pneumonia. This study aims to understand the role of CT for the diagnosis and the main imaging manifestations of patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a rapid review and meta-analysis on studies about the use of chest CT for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We comprehensively searched databases and preprint servers on chest CT for patients with COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2020. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of chest CT imaging. We also conducted subgroup analyses and evaluated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 104 studies with 5694 patients were included. Using RT-PCR results as reference, a meta-analysis based on 64 studies estimated the sensitivity of chest CT imaging in COVID-19 was 99% (95% CI, 0.97-1.00). If case reports were excluded, the sensitivity in case series was 96% (95% CI, 0.93-0.99). The sensitivity of CT scan in confirmed patients under 18 years old was only 66% (95% CI, 0.11-1.00). The most common imaging manifestation was ground-glass opacities (GGO) which was found in 75% (95% CI, 0.68-0.82) of the patients. The pooled probability of bilateral involvement was 84% (95% CI, 0.81-0.88). The most commonly involved lobes were the right lower lobe (84%, 95% CI, 0.78-0.90) and left lower lobe (81%, 95% CI, 0.74-0.87). The quality of evidence was low across all outcomes. Conclusions: In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that chest CT scan had a high sensitivity in diagnosis of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, CT can potentially be used to assist in the diagnosis of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.14.20064733v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064733 id: cord-327632-2hz94uuw author: Lv, Na title: Management of oral medicine emergencies during COVID-19: A study to develop practice guidelines date: 2020-08-07 words: 2811.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327632-2hz94uuw.txt summary: During the lockdown period, digital technologies, such as video conferencing with Zoom, Google Meeting or WhatsApp, are useful and efficient tools that oral medicine practitioners could consider to use for patient triage, managing emergencies, reassure, and follow patients remotely. Some diseases and conditions are considered to be oral medicine emergencies such as exacerbation of pemphigus or pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, mucositis and giant cell arteritis. Furthermore, during this stressful period, some oral mucosal diseases or orofacial pain problems may represent urgencies, not true emergencies; hence digital technology such as video conferencing might be a reasonable option when evaluating these cases. Guidelines for dental care provision during the COVID-19 pandemic has been developed in several countries, 8 however, guideline for the management of oral medicine emergency is still scarce. It is recommended for large centres to have their oral medicine specialists and video conferencing software available for triaging and remote assistance during COVID-19 period. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a significant global public health concern. Since the announcement of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern, many countries have implemented lockdown and restrictive quarantines; therefore, routine dentistry, as well as oral medicine practice, have been suspended in several countries. However, urgent oral cares and emergencies are still operated and delivered by on-call dental practitioners. The objective of this study was to investigate the management of oral medicine emergency during a viral pandemic such as COVID-19. During the lockdown period, digital technologies, such as video conferencing with Zoom, Google Meeting or WhatsApp, are useful and efficient tools that oral medicine practitioners could consider to use for patient triage, managing emergencies, reassure, and follow patients remotely. Oral medicine emergencies can be carefully evaluated and triaged via video conferencing and sometimes phone contact, to avoid life-threatening risks while realising the limitations by both patient and clinician. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790220301744?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.016 id: cord-298327-j04nyg5y author: Lv, Zhihua title: Clinical characteristics and co-infections of 354 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-18 words: 1892.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298327-j04nyg5y.txt summary: Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression 13 analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated 14 with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of 15 the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19. Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression 13 analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated 14 with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of 15 the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19. Preliminary analysis indicated that higher white blood cell and 129 neutrophil counts, as well as higher levels of D-dimer, IL-6, IL-10, CRP and PCT were found 130 in male patients compared to those of females, which was similar to patients in critical and 131 severe groups compared with those of mild groups (Table 2) . Higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts, as well as higher levels of D-dimer, IL-6, 155 IL-10, CRP and PCT were observed in patients co-infected with other respiratory pathogens 156 than those of infected with SARS-CoV-2 homogeneously (Table 2) . abstract: From December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and globally. However, the clinical characteristics and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens of patients with COVID-19 and the factors associated with severity of COVID-19 are still limited. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 354 inpatients with COVID-19 admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 4, 2020 to February 28, 2020. We found levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, white blood cell count and neutrophil count were clearly elevated in males and critical cases compared with females and severe and mild cases, respectively. However, lymphopenia was more severe in males than females and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha were reduced significantly in critical cases than severe and mild cases. 23.5% of severe cases and 24.4% of critical cases were co-infected with other respiratory pathogens. Additionally, stepwise multivariable regression analysis suggested that co-infection, lymphocyte count and levels of D-dimer were associated with severity of COVID-19.These findings provide crucial clues for further identification of the mechanisms, characteristics and treatments of patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425649/ doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.007 id: cord-334847-lf1grybz author: Lynch, Holly Fernandez title: Regulatory Flexibility for COVID-19 Research date: 2020-07-07 words: 2019.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334847-lf1grybz.txt summary: Clinical research is critical to combatting COVID-19, but regulatory requirements for human subjects protection may sometimes pose a challenge in pandemic circumstances. Although regulators have offered some helpful guidance for research during the pandemic, we identify further compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, emergency research, and research involving incarcerated people. Strict regulatory compliance may be challenging amidst a public health emergency, but participant protection and high-quality science remain essential.(1) In recognition of these considerations, FDA and the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have issued guidance on conducting research during the COVID-19 pandemic.(2) Although this guidance offers a helpful start, gaps remain and additional regulatory flexibility is warranted in some instances. To ensure that this research proceeds efficiently and ethically, we offer suggestions to proactively address regulatory compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, and inclusion of vulnerable populations. abstract: Clinical research is critical to combatting COVID-19, but regulatory requirements for human subjects protection may sometimes pose a challenge in pandemic circumstances. Although regulators have offered some helpful guidance for research during the pandemic, we identify further compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, emergency research, and research involving incarcerated people. Our proposals for regulatory flexibility in these areas seek to satisfy the goals of protecting participants and promoting the development of high-quality evidence to improve patient care. These recommendations may have relevance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance the efficiency of research oversight and participant protection more broadly. Clinical research to understand, treat, and prevent COVID-19 is both crucial and highly regulated. Most intervention studies are subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements and federally funded research with human subjects must follow requirements imposed by the Common Rule. Strict regulatory compliance may be challenging amidst a public health emergency, but participant protection and high-quality science remain essential.(1) In recognition of these considerations, FDA and the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have issued guidance on conducting research during the COVID-19 pandemic.(2) Although this guidance offers a helpful start, gaps remain and additional regulatory flexibility is warranted in some instances. COVID-19 research has been running at a remarkable pace,(3) challenging the capacity of both investigators and institutional review boards (IRBs). To ensure that this research proceeds efficiently and ethically, we offer suggestions to proactively address regulatory compliance challenges regarding IRB review and approval, informed consent, and inclusion of vulnerable populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa057 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa057 id: cord-324368-z1sjukgf author: Lyons, Zaza title: COVID-19 and the mental well-being of Australian medical students: impact, concerns and coping strategies used date: 2020-08-10 words: 2093.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324368-z1sjukgf.txt summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student mental well-being, assess concerns and determine activities used by students to help with the situation. There were no significant differences in K10 mean score or distress level (low, moderate, high, very high) between students in different years of the medical course. In addition to teaching-related changes, other impacts such as loss of peer interaction and social connectedness, and financial stressors including loss of part-time employment caused by the economic consequences of the pandemic have potential to impact negatively on student well-being and cause further psychological distress, disrupt daily life and medical studies. Survey questions included demographic information; self-rated assessment of current mental well-being; the Kessler 10 (K10), questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on various areas of life, concerns about COVID-19 and activities and strategies used to help with the situation. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medical students are vulnerable to poor mental well-being. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted student life and had significant effects on curricula delivery at medical schools around Australia. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student mental well-being, assess concerns and determine activities used by students to help with the situation. METHOD: An online cross-sectional survey was designed. Questions focused on concerns and impact of COVID-19. The Kessler-10 (K10) measured psychological distress. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-seven students participated with a 37.5% response rate. Mean K10 score was 20.6 indicating moderate psychological distress. There were no significant differences in K10 mean score or distress level (low, moderate, high, very high) between students in different years of the medical course. Deterioration in mental well-being since COVID-19 onset was reported by 68% students. Main negative impacts were on social connectedness, studies and stress levels. Concerns related to uncertainty about returning to normal and graduation. Common activities were using video chats, social media, exercise and hobbies. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of COVID-19 on mental well-being has led to legitimate concerns by students regarding their studies and progress through the medical course. We hope to minimise these disruptions, and reassure and support students to ensure that academic goals are achieved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32772729/ doi: 10.1177/1039856220947945 id: cord-291184-uza4orb8 author: Lyra, Wladimir title: COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil. date: 2020-04-14 words: 3447.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291184-uza4orb8.txt summary: We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. 29 Here we develop an SIR type compartmental models for COVID-19 including both 30 symptomatic and asymptomatic, quarantined, and hospitalized while taking into 31 consideration differences by age groups. The timescales σ, γ, θ, and ξ, as well as the fractions p and w, are found by Markov 152 chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting, with priors as given in Table 1 Fig. 4a shows the evolution of the compartments of exposed (E), asymptomatic (A), 166 symptomatic (I), and hospitalized (H), in linear scale. Collapse of health care system can be avoided if vertical 213 confinement is instored on people who are 60 or older, but at the expense of a significant 214 number of extra ICU cases for the 50-60 age bin. abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 epidemics poses a particular challenge to low and middle income countries, making some of them consider the strategy of vertical confinement. In this strategy, contact is reduced only to specific groups (like age groups) that are at increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to assess the feasibility of this scenario as an exit strategy for the current lockdown in terms of its ability to keep the number of cases under the health care system capacity. We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. The population is subdivided into 9 age groups, resulting in a system of 72 coupled nonlinear differential equations. The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We used Brazil as an example of middle income country, but the results are easily generalizable to other countries considering a similar strategy. We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. The health care system avoids collapse if the 50-60 years old are also confined, but our model assumes an idealized lockdown where the confined are perfectly insulated from contamination, so our numbers are a conservative lower bound. Our results discourage confinement by age as an exit strategy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053 id: cord-278271-rpq62xhl author: Lyu, Jinglu title: Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection? date: 2020-05-15 words: 4641.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278271-rpq62xhl.txt summary: The frequent childhood vaccinations and repeated pathogens infections might be resulting in trained immunity of innate immune cells, immune fitness of adaptive immune cells or cross-protection of antibodies in the children. Candida isolated from 4 airway specimens in a case report of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia Compared with adult cases, children tend to have milder symptoms, shorter disease course and generally better prognosis. found that memory lymphocytes can also mediate longer-term cross-protection as a byproduct of adaptive immunity: CD8 + memory T cells can be activated by cytokines (IL-12 and IL-18) in early stages of infection in an antigen-independent manner, leading to the production of IFN-γ and enhanced response to subsequent infectious agents (45) . Equipping confirmed COVID-19 patients with these vaccinations as emergent prophylaxis may prevent severe illness caused by secondary infection, in the meantime, it may mobilize the host''s lymphocyte response to the opposite direction in response to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The incidence of COVID-19 in children and teenagers is only about 2% in China. Children had mild symptoms and hardly infected other children or adults. It is worth considering that children are the most vulnerable to respiratory pathogens, but fatal SARS-like virus had not caused severe cases among them. According to the pathological studies of COVID-19 and SARS, a sharp decrease in T lymphocytes leads to the breakdown of the immune system. The cellular immune system of children differs from that of adults may be the keystone of atypical clinical manifestations or even covert infection. The frequent childhood vaccinations and repeated pathogens infections might be resulting in trained immunity of innate immune cells, immune fitness of adaptive immune cells or cross-protection of antibodies in the children. Therefore, due to lack of specific vaccine, some vaccines for tuberculosis, influenza and pneumonia may have certain application potential for the front-line health workers in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, for high-risk susceptible populations, such as the elderly with basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, it is necessary to explore the acclimatization effect of the planned immune process on their immunity to achieve the trained immunity or immune fitness, so as to improve their own antiviral ability. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720305090?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109842 id: cord-265178-q7x7ec24 author: Lyócsa, Štefan title: Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets date: 2020-08-26 words: 3333.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265178-q7x7ec24.txt summary: We show that during this period, fear of the coronavirus – manifested as excess search volume – represents a timely and valuable data source for forecasting stock price variation around the world. The idea of using sentiment or fear to explain stock market volatility is certainly not new; several recent studies have used news, VIX, Twitter posts and other proxies to measure investors'' sentiment and fear about the future (e.g., Whaley, 2000; Zhang et al., 2011; Huerta et al., 2011; Smales, 2014 Smales, , 2017 . However, our study is the first to address the predictive power of Google searches on stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that high Google search volumes 35 for COVID-19 predict high stock market volatility in all markets in our sample. The ASV A t is positive for all markets and significant for all markets except South Korea, thus suggesting that when search activity related to corona information increased, price variation in stock markets increased the following day. abstract: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, stock markets around the world have experienced unprecedented declines amid high uncertainty. In this paper, we use Google search volume activity as a gauge of panic and fear. The chosen search terms are specific to the coronavirus crisis and correspond to phrases related to nonpharmaceutical intervention policies to fight physical contagion. We show that during this period, fear of the coronavirus – manifested as excess search volume – represents a timely and valuable data source for forecasting stock price variation around the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32868975/ doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101735 id: cord-262403-qw06qqlw author: López, Luz Polo title: Cirugía de cardiopatías congénitas en España durante el estado de alarma por COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 words: 2527.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262403-qw06qqlw.txt summary: Métodos: Desde el grupo de trabajo de cardiopatías congénitas de nuestra Sociedad se realizó una encuesta en los servicios de congénitas de nuestro país para conocer la disminución de actividad causada por la pandemia COVID-19 en el período temporal del 13-Marzo hasta el 13-Mayo-2020. Conclusiones: La pandemia del SARS-CoV2 ha obligado a todos los servicios de congénitas del país a reestructurarse para apoyar a los compañeros con tratamiento directo del COVID-19, sin mermar la atención de nuestros propios pacientes cuya cirugía no podía demorarse. Se estudió también el grado de implicación de cada servicio en la ayuda de otras necesidades del hospital para la atención de pacientes COVID-19 realizando actividad no propia de cirugía cardiovascular, y por último se preguntaba por los profesionales de cada servicio de CC que habían estado de baja laboral durante este período. abstract: Resumen Introducción-objetivos: Vivimos tiempos excepcionales inmersos en la pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV2. Aunque tanto la afectación clínica pediátrica como de pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas son infrecuentes, la atención prioritaria de los adultos COVID-19 prácticamente ha colapsado nuestro sistema sanitario. En consecuencia, toda actividad habitual se ha minimizado durante este período. En este trabajo analizamos la reducción de nuestra cirugía de CC durante estos 2-meses de estado de alerta sanitaria y proponemos estrategias de vuelta a la normalidad. Métodos: Desde el grupo de trabajo de cardiopatías congénitas de nuestra Sociedad se realizó una encuesta en los servicios de congénitas de nuestro país para conocer la disminución de actividad causada por la pandemia COVID-19 en el período temporal del 13-Marzo hasta el 13-Mayo-2020. Resultados: Durante la pandemia se ha disminuido parcialmente la cirugía de congénitas, interviniéndose los casos más urgentes y reduciéndose al mínimo la actividad programada. Respecto al mismo período del año anterior, se ha operado 51% menos cirugía mayor y 54% menos extracorpóreas. La colaboración en la atención directa de adultos COVID-19 ha sido del 15%, con 7% de nuestros cirujanos de baja. Antes de operar a cualquier paciente solicitamos PCR para descartar infección por SARS-CoV2, y si esta es positiva sólo consideramos intervención en los casos urgentes/emergentes. Conclusiones: La pandemia del SARS-CoV2 ha obligado a todos los servicios de congénitas del país a reestructurarse para apoyar a los compañeros con tratamiento directo del COVID-19, sin mermar la atención de nuestros propios pacientes cuya cirugía no podía demorarse. Abstract Introduction-objectives: We live in exceptional times caused by the new SARS-CoV2 coronavirus pandemic. Although clinical involvement of children and patients with congenital heart disease are not frequent, the emergency care of adults with COVID-19 has almost collapsed our healthcare system. Consequently, the whole standard activity has been minimized during this period. In this manuscript we analyse the reduction of our congenital heart surgery over these 2 months of state of alarm, and we propose strategies to return to normal. Methods: From our Society congenital heart disease working group, a survey was carried out in Spanish congenital heart disease surgery hospitals, in order to find out the decrease in activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic during the time period from March-13 to May-13, 2020. Results: During the pandemic, congenital heart disease surgery was partially reduced, stepping with the most urgent cases and minimizing the scheduled activity. Compared to the same period in 2019, 51% less major surgery and 54% less extracorporeal surgery were performed. Collaboration in adults COVID-19 front line care has been 15%, having 7% of our specialists on quarantine. Before operating on any patient, the PCR is asked to rule out SARS-CoV2 infection and, if positive, we only consider intervention in urgent / emergency cases. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has forced all the congenital heart disease services nationwide to restructure, aiming to support colleagues with direct treatment of COVID-19, without sacrificing the healthcare of our own patients whose surgery could not be delayed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1134009620301455?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.circv.2020.06.003 id: cord-253968-jtr0p930 author: López, Verónica title: Recomendaciones en el manejo de la pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en pacientes con trasplante renal date: 2020-04-03 words: 3627.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253968-jtr0p930.txt summary: Manejo clínico del COVID-19: tratamiento médico, del 19 de marzo de 2020), los pacientes receptores de un trasplante renal en los que haya sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2 tienen indicación de test diagnóstico y valoración de ingreso si el resultado es positivo, así como de inicio de tratamiento específico. Por tanto, dada la escasa experiencia acumulada y la alta probabilidad de evolución tórpida del cuadro clínico en un breve periodo de tiempo, con desarrollo de fracaso multiorgánico y necesidad de soporte ventilatorio, la estrategia inmunosupresora recomendada a priori, al menos en los casos más graves de pacientes trasplantados renales con neumonía por COVID-19, debe consistir en la interrupción temporal de los inmunosupresores e inicio de metilprednisolona a dosis bajas entre 20 y 40 mg/día, para conferir la adquisición en un corto periodo de tiempo de la inmunidad celular necesaria para controlar la infección y evitar así la progresión de la misma y sus complicaciones vitales. abstract: Resumen La pandemia por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) está evolucionando de manera muy rápida y representa un riesgo especial en pacientes inmunodeprimidos y con comorbilidades añadidas. El conocimiento sobre esta infección emergente va también en aumento, si bien, aún sigue habiendo muchas incógnitas, sobre todo en la población con trasplante renal. Este manuscrito presenta una propuesta de actuación con recomendaciones generales y específicas para proteger y prevenir de la infección a esta población tan vulnerable como son los receptores de un trasplante renal. Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic is evolving very quickly and means a special risk for both immunosuppressed and comorbid patients. Knowledge about this growing infection is also increasing although many uncertainties remain, especially in the kidney transplant population. This manuscript presents a proposal for action with general and specific recommendations to protect and prevent infection in this vulnerable population such as kidney transplant recipients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2020.03.002 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.03.002 id: cord-330369-75cotmn2 author: López, Verónica title: Recommendations on management of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) in kidney transplant patients date: 2020-04-06 words: 3483.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330369-75cotmn2.txt summary: In kidney transplant recipients, due to their status of immunosuppression, the clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia may differ from the general population, hence the importance of early diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 screening, in those cases where the infection is suspected. Currently there is no evidence from controlled clinical trials to recommend a specific treatment for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the general population in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID19. 7 Therefore, given the limited experience accumulated and the high probability of torpid evolution in a short period of time, with the development of multi-organ failure and the need for respiratory support, the immunosuppressive strategy recommended a priori, at least in the most severe cases of kidney transplant patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, should involve the temporary interruption of immunosuppressants and the start of methylprednisolone at low doses between 20 and 40 mg/day, to confer the rapid acquisition of the necessary cellular immunity to control the infection and thus prevent vital complications. abstract: Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic is evolving very quickly and means a special risk for both immunosuppressed and comorbid patients. Knowledge about this growing infection is also increasing although many uncertainties remain, especially in the kidney transplant population. This manuscript presents a proposal for action with general and specific recommendations to protect and prevent infection in this vulnerable population such as kidney transplant recipients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2013251420300481 doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.03.017 id: cord-281268-8yoxgmeb author: López-Bueno, Rubén title: Association Between Current Physical Activity and Current Perceived Anxiety and Mood in the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-07-23 words: 4593.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281268-8yoxgmeb.txt summary: The results of the present study indicate that current PA adherence to WHO guidelines in the initial phase of COVID-19 confinement associates with both lower current perceived anxiety and lower current perceived worse mood among a sample of Spanish adults. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. The present study in a wide sample of the Spanish adult population found that to achieve a minimum of 150 weekly minutes of PA was significantly associated with lower odds for experiencing higher current perceived anxiety while the COVID-19 confinement. abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a world pandemic due to COVID-19, and several enacted measures such as compulsory confinement may have collateral consequences on both physical and mental health. We aimed to investigate associations between current physical activity (PA) and current perceived anxiety and mood among a sample of Spanish adults confined due to COVID-19 restrictions of movement. Using an online survey, we collected data on the Spanish adult population regarding health habits during the first days of enacted confinement. A total of 2250 participants (54.8% women) aged 35.3 (SD 13.6) completed the survey, which included questions about sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, civil status, education, and occupation), health habits (i.e. prior PA, alcohol consumption, smoking, screen exposure, and sleep hours) and COVID-19 confinement context (i.e. number of isolation days, solitude, and exposure to COVID-19). Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) short form was used to estimate weekly minutes of PA, whereas a single-item question was used to assess both current perceived anxiety and mood. We conducted weighted binomial logistic regressions to check associations between current adherence to WHO guidelines of PA and current perceived anxiety and mood of confined adults. Significant inverse associations between overall adherence to PA and current perceived anxiety in the final adjusted model (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54–0.79) as well as in several subgroup analyses such as younger women were observed. In addition, a borderline significant inverse association was found between current PA and current perceived worse mood when fully adjusted (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–1.00); this association was significantly stronger in women than men. The results of the present study indicate that current PA adherence to WHO guidelines in the initial phase of COVID-19 confinement associates with both lower current perceived anxiety and lower current perceived worse mood among a sample of Spanish adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793013/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00729 id: cord-287100-xkp8a9b9 author: López-Díaz, Álvaro title: COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: Time for Collaborative Research date: 2020-10-31 words: 1390.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 28.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287100-xkp8a9b9.txt summary: Cohorts of COVID-19-infected pregnant women may currently provide biological (e.g., umbilical cord and placenta samples) and clinical (e.g., maternal serum samples and neonatal filter paper blood samples) data that would enable the acquisition of very valuable genetic, metabolic, and immunological information. Such information would help determine the extent to which maternal infection, in addition to genetic vulnerability, contributes to an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disturbance in the offspring, and would improve our understanding of the role of immune-inflammatory mechanisms during pregnancy in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (10). Such populationbased birth cohort studies of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women should involve detailed systematic clinical and biological examinations during pregnancy and delivery along with an extended follow-up of the offspring, including neurocognitive, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological examination. Large-scale and long-term prospective population-based birth cohort studies of COVID-19-infected and unaffected pregnant women are needed to unravel the complex interactions between maternal infection and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33131716/ doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.011 id: cord-269241-6mf5572t author: López-Feldman, Alejandro title: Environmental Impacts and Policy Responses to Covid-19: A View from Latin America date: 2020-07-13 words: 2472.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269241-6mf5572t.txt summary: COVID-19 is currently having major short run effects with possible serious long run implications for the environment and the management of natural resources in Latin America. Under these circumstances COVID-19 is having major short run socio-economic effects with possible serious long run consequences, including several potential implications for the environment and the management of natural resources. Latin American countries could see this moment as an opportunity to improve regional cooperation in order to design and implement coordinated policy responses not only to the economic crisis but also to the challenges of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Research that contributes to a better understanding of the environmental impacts and the effectiveness of different policy responses to the pandemic in Latin America will be invaluable. The short run environmental effects of COVID-19 show early warnings of an increase in the pressure on forest and other ecosystems across Latin America. abstract: COVID-19 is currently having major short run effects with possible serious long run implications for the environment and the management of natural resources in Latin America. We discuss the possible effects of the pandemic on air pollution, deforestation and other relevant environmental dimensions across the region. With contributions from environmental economists from eight countries, we give an overview of the initial and expected environmental effects of this health crisis. We discuss potential effects on environmental regulations, possible policy interventions, and an agenda for future research for those interested in the design and evaluation of environmental policies relevant for the Latin American context. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00460-x doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00460-x id: cord-318929-hygcbcp0 author: López-Martin, Inmaculada title: Relación entre la gravedad del Covid-19 y el estado vacunal. Resultados de una encuesta anónima entre médicos de atención primaria date: 2020-11-07 words: 937.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318929-hygcbcp0.txt summary: Diferentes hipótesis han especulado sobre el efecto protector frente al Covid-19 que ejerce una inmunidad entrenada por diferentes vacunas, entre las que se incluyen la vacunación con el Bacilo de Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 1 , con las vacunas de la hepatitis A, la polio y con la triple vírica ( sarampión, parotiditis y rubéola) 2 . Con el objetivo de caracterizar mejor la relación entre el estado de vacunación y la gravedad del Covid-19, diseñamos un estudio descriptivo y observacional basado en una encuesta anónima cuya muestra poblacional incluyera a médicos de atención primaria que ejercieron en Madrid durante la primera ola de la pandemia. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sobre demografía, el estado de vacunación (triple vírica, BCG y de la hepatitis B como control), el tipo de exposición, el método de diagnóstico empleado en los contagiados y la gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. En nuestro estudio la mayoría de los médicos infectados por el SARS-CoV-2 vacunados con la triple vírica (67,92%) presentaron una sintomatología leve para Covid-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025775320307612?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.007 id: cord-301240-18l9juk8 author: Löffler, Christian title: Two immunocompromised patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a complication of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 words: 1360.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301240-18l9juk8.txt summary: Besides autoimmune diseases such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) syndrome pulmonary viral infections are also known to be culprits of DAH. We present two cases of immunocompromised patients with rapidly developing hypoxemic respiratory failure and evidence of DAH in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present two cases of immunocompromised patients with rapidly developing hypoxemic respiratory failure and evidence of DAH in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2 presenting with an inflammatory disease with hypereosinophilia, renal and suspected myocardial involvement, DAH would generally be highly suspicious for vasculitis, especially for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) 10 . Due to the atypical and initially non-severe presentation, the negative travel and contact history, and a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany at the time of the onset of symptoms in February 2020, COVID-19 was not suspected at the time of admission giving way to spreading the disease to patient no. abstract: Abstract Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a severe and potentially life-threatening disease manifestation. Besides autoimmune diseases such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) syndrome pulmonary viral infections are also known to be culprits of DAH. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic confronts healthcare providers all around the world with an unprecedented number of viral lung infections with a great variance in symptoms and severity. Hemoptysis being the key symptome of DAH has so far been reported to be rare. We present two cases of immunocompromised patients with rapidly developing hypoxemic respiratory failure and evidence of DAH in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220318481?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.051 id: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author: M, Montero-Baladía title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 words: 1408.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt summary: Current evidence suggests that systemic hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation play a key role in the development of severe lung and multiorgan damage found in critically ill COVID-19 patients 2, 3, 4 . Patients eligible for etoposide treatment were older than 18 years, presented biochemical alterations suggestive of severe hyperinflammation (ferritin levels >1000 ng/ml and/or IL-6 values >50 pg/ml), ARDS (defined by PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300) and were not under mechanical ventilation. These preliminary results on 11 patients confirmed the safety and efficacy of etoposide as adjunctive salvage treatment for critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients, exhibiting systemic hyperinflammation and previously treated with corticosteroids and interleukin inhibitors. In this preliminary experience, salvage treatment with etoposide in adjunction to immunosuppressants resulted in overall favorable outcome of a small cohort of severely ill COVID-19 ARDS patients presenting with systemic hyperinflammation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303868 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.006 id: cord-340051-r9kn34wd author: MEI, Xue title: Observations about Symptomatic and Asymptomatic infections of 494 patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai,China date: 2020-07-06 words: 3225.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340051-r9kn34wd.txt summary: (4) The number of days since the onset of the disease needed for the symptoms to disappear was associated with the epidemiological history (imported cases), the number of days until the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test turned negative, the days of hospitalization, the days of onset, and the WBC and LYM count levels (P < 0.05). The discharged patient had to conform to the following conditions 6 : (1) The patient'' temperature returned to normal for more than three days; (2) respiratory symptoms improved significantly; lung imaging showed a significant improvement in acute exudative lesions; (3) the RT-PCR test of pharyngeal swab samples had two consecutive negative results (at least 24 hours apart), and we recorded the earliest date the nucleic acid test turned negative. The days until the symptoms disappeared in patients with COVID-19 were positively correlated with the history of epidemiology (imported cases),the days needed for the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test to turn negative, and the days of hospitalization. abstract: BACKGROUND: Humans are generally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, which has caused a global pandemic of COVID-19. The screening of infected people in the population still mainly depends on clinical symptoms. However, there is limited research on the characteristics of clinical symptoms in different populations, especially in imported cases. METHODS: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 494 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a designated hospital in Shanghai from January 20, 2020, to March 31, 2020, we compared the clinical manifestations in different populations and their influencing factors in COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: (1) Of the 494 patients, 453 (91.7%) had different symptoms at admission, and 39 (7.89%) patients were asymptomatic. (2) We compared the symptoms of patients according to different stratifications and found the following results: a. The proportion of dyspnea was significantly higher in male patients than in female patients (P < 0.05). b. The proportions of a stuffy nose, sore throat, and olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly higher in children than in adult patients (P < 0.05). c. The proportions of fever, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and fatigue were significantly higher in local cases than in imported cases. In comparison, the proportions of nasal congestion, stuffy nose, sore throat, headache, and olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly lower in imported cases than in imported cases (P < 0.05). d. The proportions of chest tightness, shortness of breath, and dyspnea were significantly higher in severely ill patients than in those with mild symptoms (P < 0.05). (3) Thirty-one asymptomatic patients were significantly younger than symptomatic patients, and they had a higher proportion of imported cases, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte (LYM) count levels, and fewer abnormal CT cases than the group of symptomatic patients (P < 0.05). (4) The number of days since the onset of the disease needed for the symptoms to disappear was associated with the epidemiological history (imported cases), the number of days until the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test turned negative, the days of hospitalization, the days of onset, and the WBC and LYM count levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The majority of COVID-19 patients (91.7%) had early symptoms. whereas 7.89% of COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Younger patients had fewer symptoms, mainly the upper respiratory symptoms, and the illness condition was milder, which was more common in imported cases. Elderly male patients had severe symptoms when admitted. The number of days needed for the patient's symptoms to disappear was closely related to the number of days necessary for the pharyngeal swab nucleic acid test to turn negative. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320306465 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.221 id: cord-024349-f8hm9v9g author: MICKLITZ, Hans-W. title: The COVID-19 Threat: An Opportunity to Rethink the European Economic Constitution and European Private Law date: 2020-04-23 words: 2443.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024349-f8hm9v9g.txt summary: 7 The COVID-19 threat has opened a window of opportunity for transgressing boundaries, for thinking the unthinkable: a fundamental revision of the European Economic Constitution and therewith European private law. There will be lessons to learn as to who will benefit from the crisis -Member State politics, national governments, multinationals, online business, transport of goodsand who will suffer: the EU as an institution, the European legal order based on the four freedoms and competition, national parliaments, small and medium-sized companies and non-essential economic sectors. The COVID-19 threat provides critical legal scholarship with a unique opportunity, despite all of the current and future uncertainties and speculations, to move far beyond the mainstream understanding of the economic constitution and private law. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198464/ doi: 10.1017/err.2020.42 id: cord-265346-vygvs1x3 author: MOHAMED, N. A. title: EARLY VIRAL CLEARANCE AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS WHEN GARGLING WITH POVIDONE-IODINE AND ESSENTIAL OILS: A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL date: 2020-09-09 words: 3378.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265346-vygvs1x3.txt summary: Methodology: This pilot, open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. There are studies that have been done reported on the effectiveness of gargling with various solutions as prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infection from as simple as water gargling to the use of povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, green tea and essential oil-based formula (Satomura et al. Therefore, we embarked on this preliminary study to look for the effect of gargling with PVP-I, essential oils, and tap water among COVID-19 patients on viral clearance. This 4-arms preliminary interventional study compared the effect of gargling with 1% PVP-I (Betadine®), essential oils (Listerine® Original) and tap water among Stage 1 COVID-19 patients. This preliminary study showed that regular gargling with 1% PVP-I and essential oils formula have the potential for achieving early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among stage 1 COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: Gargling had been reported to have significant roles in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of regular gargling to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in the oropharynx and nasopharynx. Methodology: This pilot, open labeled, randomized, parallel study compared the effect of 30 seconds, 3 times/day gargling using 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), essential oils and tap water on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Progress was monitored by day 4,6 and 12 PCR (Ct value), gargling and symptoms diary as well as clinical observations. Results: Five confirmed Stage 1 COVID-19 patients were recruited for each arm. The age range was from 22 to 56 years old. The majority were males. Two respondents had co-morbidities, which were asthma and obesity. Viral clearance was achieved at day 6 in 100%, 80%, 20% and 0% for 1% PVP-I, essential oils, tap water and control group respectively. Analysis of 1% PVP-I group versus control group showed significant p-value for comparison of PCR results on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 12. Conclusions: This preliminary study showed that gargling with 1% PVP-I and essential oils show great potential to be part of the treatment and management of Stage 1 COVID-19. Larger studies are required to ascertain the benefit of gargling for different stages of COVID-19 patients. This study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04410159). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448 id: cord-329542-srls2syv author: Ma, Alice title: Stroke and Thromboprophylaxis in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 2443.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329542-srls2syv.txt summary: In the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, many patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke may be potentially infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) agent. In the critically ill, the PREVENT trial demonstrated no reduction in the incidence of proximal DVT from adjunctive use of IPC in patients already prescribed drug prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin [27] . The choice of drug will largely depend on local guidelines or institutional preference, however altered pharmacokinetics in the critically ill should be considered in addition to the potential prothrombotic state generated by COVIDof fibrinogen and d-dimer, and introduced higher intensity thromboprophylaxis regimes and therapeutic anticoagulation in selected patients ( Anticoagulation considerations in COVID-19 patients who develop stroke A situation that warrants consideration is that of patients hospitalized because of COVID-19 infection who have had VTE prophylaxis initiated on admission, and subsequently developed a large vessel ischemic stroke, an occurrence with a reported frequency up to 4.5% [23] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105392 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105392 id: cord-334867-ohw0chbg author: Ma, Hui title: Hospital biosecurity capacitation: Analysis and recommendations from the prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 3667.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334867-ohw0chbg.txt summary: Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. With the large number of patients visiting hospitals, the poor information exchange among medical institutions, disease control institutions, and scientific research institutions caused doctors to have scant knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics, transmission patterns, and human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the consequence of disappointing treatment results [9] . abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019 has highlighted issues with hospital biosafety capacitation in the People’s Republic of China, although the epidemic has been controlled now. This study examined the primary issues, including an absence of hospital emergency system, inadequate management and control of nosocomial infection, limited hospital laboratory capacity, and poor hospital admission capacity. Accordingly, the study put forward the following countermeasures and suggestions for hospitals to deal with future biosecurity events, such as a major epidemic: first, there is a need to build biosecurity management systems and emergency response mechanisms in hospitals; second, the investment and guarantee mechanisms for hospital biosecurity construction should be improved; third, the capacity building of biosecurity incident treatment needs attention in general hospitals; and fourth, comprehensive plans need to be developed for the integrated construction of medical treatment and prevention facilities through disease-control systems. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933820300078?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.05.001 id: cord-298343-nvuc1j7t author: Ma, J. title: Exhaled breath is a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 emission date: 2020-06-02 words: 2791.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298343-nvuc1j7t.txt summary: Here, 35 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). COVID-19 patients were shown to exhale SARS-CoV-2 into the air at an estimated rate of 103-105 RNA copies/min; while toilet and floor surfaces represented two important SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs. Surface swabs from the cell phone and hands of one patient(ITA-YL1) tested negative for the virus, but the SARS-CoV-2 was present on the toilet pit surface in that patient''s hotel room (Fig. 1C ). Although EBC samples from two patients (ITA-YW2 and UK-YJ1) were shown to 20 contain SARS-CoV-2, surface swabs from their cell phones, hands, and toilet surfaces were negative for the virus. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20115154 doi: medRxiv preprint Out of 242 surface swab samples, 13 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 3 and Table S4 ). abstract: Despite notable efforts in airborne SARS-CoV-2 detection, no clear evidence has emerged to show how SARS-CoV-2 is emitted into the environments. Here, 35 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). EBC samples had the highest positive rate (16.7%, n=30), followed by surface swabs (5.4%, n=242), and air samples (3.8%, n=26). COVID-19 patients were shown to exhale SARS-CoV-2 into the air at an estimated rate of 103-105 RNA copies/min; while toilet and floor surfaces represented two important SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs. Our results imply that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays a major role in COVID-19 spread, especially during the early stages of the disease. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.31.20115154v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.31.20115154 id: cord-281283-h6yai7sx author: Ma, Jun title: Emergency response strategy for containing COVID-19 within a psychiatric specialty hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China date: 2020-08-04 words: 2194.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281283-h6yai7sx.txt summary: Because SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious, and the general population is susceptible, it is difficult to effectively prevent the spread of COVID-19 based on the current instruments, medical staff, and management modes of mental health institutions. On February 13, the Wuhan epidemic prevention and control command instructed that an isolation ward should be established to treat patients with mental illnesses with confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 infection. During the outbreak, all impairmentspecific settings were replanned to allow for the most effective prevention and control of COVID-19, and the functions of the psychiatric wards were reallocated according to the following plan 9 : (1) a ward for confirmed COVID-19 patients: this ward is used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, and the patients are classified and managed according to disease severity; secondary protections should be implemented. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global pandemic, and psychiatric institutions located in the epicenter of the epidemic in China are facing severe challenges in fighting the epidemic. This article presents the accumulated experience of the authors during the process of combating COVID-19 in a psychiatric hospital. The aim of this article is to provide a reference for psychiatric specialty hospitals and institutions that treat large populations of chronically ill patients in other parts of the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00959-3 doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00959-3 id: cord-322034-8wwqxkjl author: Ma, Ke title: From the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine: treatment of mental disorders in COVID-19 survivors date: 2020-09-30 words: 5215.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322034-8wwqxkjl.txt summary: In addition to this, on the basis of signs and symptoms, TCM were used on treat mental disorder as per suggested clinical and animal experimental data plus relevant records in classical Chinese medicine books written by Zhang Zhongiing during Han Dynasty. Therefore, due to the fear of disease, physical discomfort, drug side effects and social isolation, COVID-19 patients might be suffering from loneliness, anger, anxiety, depression, insomnia and PTSD in the period of treatment and isolation [20] . Ganmai Dazao Decoction was indicated for "Hysteria disease", whose symptoms were sadness, crying, mood disorders, and abnormal behavior, Decoction combined with Flupentixol and Melitracen Tablets in the treatment of menopausal depression and found that the total clinical effective rate of the combined group was significantly higher than that of the single group [51] . Research suggested that patients with PTSD of Yin deficiency of heart and lung Syndrome were suitable to be treated with Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction. abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to explore the possible benefits of traditional Chinese medicine on the pathogenesis of psychological and mental health of COVID-19 survivors. METHODS: A literature search was conducted to confirm the effects of COVID-19 on psychological and mental health of survivors. In addition to this, on the basis of signs and symptoms, TCM were used on treat mental disorder as per suggested clinical and animal experimental data plus relevant records in classical Chinese medicine books written by Zhang Zhongiing during Han Dynasty. A series of treatment plans were prescribed for COVID-19 survivors with psychological and mental disorders. RESULTS: According to previous extensive studies focusing on effects on mental health of survivors, high incidence was observed in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) survivors. During investigations of mental health of COVID-19 patients and survivors, it is observed that they also had symptoms of mental disorders and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, it was also proposed that depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were most common mental disorders requiring special attention after the recovery from COVID-19. The symptoms of COVID-19 were analyzed, and the TCM syndrome of the depression, anxiety and PTSD after recovered from COVID19 was interpreted as internal heat and Yin deficiency. These three mental disorders pertains the category of “Lily disease”, “hysteria” and “deficient dysphoria” in TCM. CONCLUSION: Lily Bulb, Rhizoma Anemarrhena Decoction and Ganmai Dazao Decoction were used to treat depression. Suanzaoren Decoction, Huanglian Ejiao Decoction and Zhizi Chi Decoction were suggested for anxiety. Moreover, Lily Bulb, Rehmannia Decoction and Guilu Erxian Decoction were the formula for PTSD. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332220310039?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110810 id: cord-284449-z7r4n0w7 author: Ma, L. title: Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study date: 2020-03-24 words: 2847.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284449-z7r4n0w7.txt summary: This study provides the first direct evidence about the influence of medical condition of COVID-19 on male sex hormones, alerting more attention to gonadal function evaluation among patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the reproductive-aged men. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-matched healthy men, and found serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in male with COVID-19. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and age-matched healthy men, and found serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in male with COVID-19. abstract: Since SARS-CoV-2 infection was first identified in December 2019, it spread rapidly and a global pandemic of COVID-19 has occurred. ACE2, the receptor for entry into the target cells by SARS-CoV-2, was found to abundantly express in testes, including spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells. However, there is no clinical evidence about whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect male gonadal function so far. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between 81 reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 100 age-matched healthy men, and found that serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in males with COVID-19. Besides, multivariable regression analysis indicated that c-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly associated with serum T:LH ratio in COVID-19 patients. This study provides the first direct evidence about the influence of medical condition of COVID-19 on male sex hormones, alerting more attention to gonadal function evaluation among patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the reproductive-aged men. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.20037267v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037267 id: cord-219880-3wob432t author: Ma, Liantao title: CovidCare: Transferring Knowledge from Existing EMR to Emerging Epidemic for Interpretable Prognosis date: 2020-07-17 words: 5686.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-219880-3wob432t.txt summary: Recently, many deep learning-based models have been developed to enable intelligent prognosis by analyzing electronic medical records (EMRs), including mortality prediction [24, 25] , disease diagnosis prediction [22] , and patient phenotype identification [1] . Therefore, for the prognosis of EIDs with limited data, such a research challenge remains: How to make full use of the existing EMR data to learn the robust health status representation, when tackling tasks with different clinical feature sets? In this paper, we propose a novel healthcare predictive approach, CovidCare, based on transfer learning from existing EMR data (i.e., source dataset) to the new dataset (i.e., target dataset) with knowledge distillation. • We propose a transfer-learning-based medical feature embedding approach, CovidCare, to perform clinical prediction for EIDs with limited data .Multi-channel architecture is developed to improve the compatibility across source and target datasets with different feature sets. abstract: Due to the characteristics of COVID-19, the epidemic develops rapidly and overwhelms health service systems worldwide. Many patients suffer from systemic life-threatening problems and need to be carefully monitored in ICUs. Thus the intelligent prognosis is in an urgent need to assist physicians to take an early intervention, prevent the adverse outcome, and optimize the medical resource allocation. However, in the early stage of the epidemic outbreak, the data available for analysis is limited due to the lack of effective diagnostic mechanisms, rarity of the cases, and privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach, CovidCare, which leverages the existing electronic medical records to enhance the prognosis for inpatients with emerging infectious diseases. It learns to embed the COVID-19-related medical features based on massive existing EMR data via transfer learning. The transferred parameters are further trained to imitate the teacher model's representation behavior based on knowledge distillation, which embeds the health status more comprehensively in the source dataset. We conduct the length of stay prediction experiments for patients on a real-world COVID-19 dataset. The experiment results indicate that our proposed model consistently outperforms the comparative baseline methods. CovidCare also reveals that, 1) hs-cTnI, hs-CRP and Platelet Counts are the most fatal biomarkers, whose abnormal values usually indicate emergency adverse outcome. 2) Normal values of gamma-GT, AP and eGFR indicate the overall improvement of health. The medical findings extracted by CovidCare are empirically confirmed by human experts and medical literatures. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08848v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-280394-v2pwvst7 author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Developments, Evolution, and Implications of National Diagnostic Criteria for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-05-15 words: 2885.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280394-v2pwvst7.txt summary: Therefore, we aim to share our experience with the rest of the world based on an analysis of the evolving changes in the diagnostic criteria incorporated in the different versions of China''s national guidelines for COVID-19. In the first edition, three types were described: observed case, confirmed case, and critical case; however, from the second edition onwards, the term "observed case" has been changed to "suspected case, " and the criteria for "severe case" has been added. However, this item was deleted from the second edition onwards, but "a history of contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city within the last 14 days before symptom onset, or with a cluster of confirmed cases" was added. Hence, in the fifth edition of the guideline, suspected patients who had imaging features of pneumonia in Hubei Province were considered as clinically diagnosed cases, and then given standardized treatment. abstract: Recently WHO has characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Diagnosing the disease accurately and decreasing misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses is very important for management. Therefore, we have analyzed the seven versions of China's national guidelines to examine how the diagnostic criteria roadmap has developed and evolved, in order to share our experience worldwide. In this article, we present the developments from the first to seventh versions, involving changes of case classification, changes to “suspected case,” changes in “confirmed case,” changes in clinical classifications, changes in “severe case,” and unchanged criteria. We have also discussed the reasons and implications for these changes and are looking forward to providing suggestions for worldwide understanding and management of this pandemic. A nucleic acid test is currently accepted as the gold standard method to confirm diagnosis. In addition, imaging examination and epidemiological history should also be considered as auxiliary diagnosis methods. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00242 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00242 id: cord-310027-846vp7ii author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date: 2020-09-02 words: 4246.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt summary: METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. We extracted the following information from registered studies: registration number, registration date, registration title, primary sponsor, funding source, study type, study phase, study objectives, study design, length of the study, intervention, countries of recruitment and research settings, recruiting status, allocation, sample size, participant age, gender, masking, the time and method of sharing individual participant data (IPD), data management committee. Among the 943 interventional studies, 416 studies (44.1%) explored the effectiveness and/or safety of drugs commonly used in preventing and treating COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), immunotherapy (including stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibody, immunoregulation), lopinavir/ritonavir, glucocorticoids, interferon, targeted therapy (Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Imatinib), favipiravir, and Remdesivir. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The quality and rationality of many recently registered clinical studies related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs to be assessed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the current status of COVID-19 related registered clinical trial. METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. RESULTS: A total of 1,706 studies were included 10.0% of which (n=171) were from France, 943 (55.3%) used an interventional design, and 600 (35.2%) used an observational design. Most of studies (73.6%) aimed to recruit fewer than 500 people. Interferon was the main prevention program, and antiviral drugs were the main treatment program. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (230/943, 24.4%) were widely studied. Some registered clinical trials are incomplete in content, and 37.4% of the 1,706 studies may have had insufficient sample size. CONCLUSION: The quality of COVID-19 related studies needs to be improved by strengthening the registration process and improving the quality of clinical study protocols so that these clinical studies can provide high-quality clinical evidence related to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.540187 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.540187 id: cord-029106-gkck1u4y author: Ma, Lina title: COVID-19 Prevention: Use of Self-Reported Tools to Screen Frail Older Adults date: 2020-07-13 words: 239.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029106-gkck1u4y.txt summary: key: cord-029106-gkck1u4y title: COVID-19 Prevention: Use of Self-Reported Tools to Screen Frail Older Adults cord_uid: gkck1u4y frailty tools to predict worse outcomes in both community and emergency settings (5, 6) , should be used to identify frailty among older adults. The mortality of COVID-19 is also correlated with its health-care burden. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of death due to this disease, e.g., early detection of frail older adults at risk of COVID-19. These measures are essential for protecting the frail older adults and mitigating the severity of patient outcomes. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease Frailty in elderly people A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans Novel frailty screening questionnaire (FSQ) predicts 8-year mortality in older adults in China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7355506/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1446-9 id: cord-322009-0cwljo0c author: Ma, Ling title: Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens date: 2020-08-26 words: 3793.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322009-0cwljo0c.txt summary: Although the number of confirmed global cases of COVID-19 now exceeds 16 million, as of July 29, and several retrospective observational studies have noted that coinfection with other respiratory pathogens is relatively common, [1] [2] [3] [4] the clinical features of coinfection and its impact on patient outcomes, is yet to be clarified. All these patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, using sputum or nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected in the interval between the onset of symptoms, and up to seven days after their hospital admission. Routine laboratory tests, including tests for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral and atypical bacterial pathogens, routine blood investigations, coagulation studies, organ function tests and inflammatory biomarkers, such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), were taken at the time of patient presentation, while the serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were obtained on the 2nd day of admission. abstract: PURPOSE: To differentiate between respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, we simultaneously tested for SARS-CoV-2 and pathogens associated with CAP to determine the incidence and impact of respiratory coinfections in COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 250 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. RT-PCR was used to detect influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial viruses. Chemiluminescence immunoassays were used to detect IgM antibodies for adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the serum of patients. Based on these results, we divided the patients into two groups, the simple SARS-CoV-2-infected group and the coinfected SARS-COV-2 group. Coinfected patients were then further categorized as having a coinfection of viral pathogen (CoIV) or coinfection of atypical bacterial pathogen (CoIaB). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, the time taken to return negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results, length of hospital stays, and mortality between the simple SARS-CoV-2 infection group and the coinfection group. Of the 250 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 39 (15.6%) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen in addition to SARS-CoV-2. A third of these pathogens were detected as early as the 1st week after symptom onset and another third were identified after more than three weeks. The most detected CAP pathogen was C. pneumoniae (5.2%), followed by the respiratory syncytial virus (4.8%), M. pneumoniae (4.4%) and adenovirus (2.8%). Patients coinfected with viral pathogens (CoIV) (n=18) had longer hospital stays when compared to patients coinfected with atypical bacterial pathogens (CoIaB) (n=21). Except for one fatality, the remaining 38 coinfected patients all recovered with favourable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Coinfections in COVID-19 patients are common. The coinfecting pathogens can be detected at variable intervals during COVID-19 disease course and remain an important consideration in targeted treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922049/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s267238 id: cord-272715-33c85eaa author: Ma, R. C. W. title: COVID‐19 and diabetes date: 2020-04-03 words: 1244.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272715-33c85eaa.txt summary: Whether people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 is currently unknown, but there is a perception that the risk is higher both of infection and severe disease. It is currently unknown why people with diabetes, hypertension or other chronic diseases are more severely affected by COVID-19, but one possible explanation involves angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In a similar manner to the coronavirus that caused Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 utilizes ACE2 on the surfaces of epithelial cells to bind and gain entry to infected cells [4, 5] . A recent position statement from the European Society of Cardiology also strongly recommends that physicians and patients continue treatment with their usual anti-hypertensive treatment and that there is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs should be discontinued because of the COVID-19 infection [9] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32242990/ doi: 10.1111/dme.14300 id: cord-353321-56zhxd6e author: Ma, Shujuan title: Epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis of publicly reported individual data of 1155 cases from seven countries date: 2020-03-24 words: 5683.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353321-56zhxd6e.txt summary: This study aimed to obtain robust estimates of the incubation period, upper limit of latent period (interval between exposure of infector and infectee), serial interval, time point of exposure and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19. This study aimed to obtain robust estimates of the incubation period, upper limit of latent period (interval between infector''s exposure and infectee''s exposure), serial interval, time point of exposure (the day of infectee''s exposure to infector relative to the latter''s symptom onset date) and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19. Specifically, it was aimed to obtain robust estimates of the following epidemiological parameters of COVID-19: 1) incubation period, 2) the upper limit of latent period, as the exact latent period cannot be observed, 3) serial interval, 4) time point of exposure, referring to the day of infectee''s exposure to infector relative to the latter''s symptom onset date, and 5) R0. abstract: Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, while several key epidemiological parameters of the disease remain to be clarified. This study aimed to obtain robust estimates of the incubation period, upper limit of latent period (interval between exposure of infector and infectee), serial interval, time point of exposure and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19. Methods Between late February and early March of 2020, the individual data of laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 were retrieved from 10728 publicly available reports released by the health authorities of and outside China and from 1790 publications identified in PubMed and CNKI. To be eligible, a report had to contain the data that allowed for estimation of at least one parameter. As relevant data mainly came from clustering cases, the clusters for which no evidence was available to establish transmission order were all excluded to ensure accuracy of estimates. Additionally, only the cases with an exposure period spanning 3 days or less were included in the estimation of parameters involving exposure date, and a simple method for determining exposure date was adopted to ensure the error of estimates be small (< 0.3 day). Depending on specific parameters, three or four of normal, lognormal, Weibull, and gamma distributions were fitted to the datasets and the results from appropriate models were presented. Findings In total, 1155 cases from China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam, Germany and Malaysia were included for the final analysis. The mean and standard deviation were 7.44 days and 4.39 days for incubation period, 2.52 days and 3.95 days for the upper limit of latent period, 6.70 days and 5.20 days for serial interval, and -0.19 day (i.e., 0.19 day before symptom onset of infector) and 3.32 days for time point of exposure. R0 was estimated to be 1.70 and 1.78 based on two different formulas. For 39 (6.64%) cases, the incubation periods were longer than 14 days. In 102 (43.78%) infector-infectee pairs, transmission occurred before the symptom onsets of infectors. In 27 (3.92%) infector-infectee pairs, symptom onsets of infectees occurred before those of infectors. Stratified analysis showed that incubation period and serial interval were consistently longer for those with less severe disease and for those whose primary cases had less severe disease. Asymptomatic transmission was also observed. Interpretation This study obtained robust estimates of several key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19. The findings support current practice of 14-day quarantine of persons with potential exposure, but also suggest that longer monitoring periods might be needed for selected groups. The estimates of serial interval, time point of exposure and latent period provide consistent evidence on pre-symptomatic transmission. This together with asymptomatic transmission and the generally longer incubation and serial interval of less severe cases suggests a high risk of long-term epidemic in the absence of appropriate control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20040329 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20040329 id: cord-310691-6danlh8h author: Ma, Simin title: Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-26 words: 2297.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310691-6danlh8h.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China Our results further confirmed that co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more severe cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients, leading to serious complications such as shock, ARDS, fulminant myocarditis, acute kidney injure or multiple organ failure (Cao 2020; Ruan et al. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus may lead to a much earlier occurrence of the cytokine storm and organ damage in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The submission of manuscript entitled "Clinical Characteristics of Critically Ill Patients Co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the Influenza Virus in Wuhan, China" to "International Journal of Infectious Diseases" for publication has been approved by all of the authors and by the institution where the work was carried out. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To delineate the clinical characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients co-infected with influenza. METHODS: In this study, we included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 form Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China), with or without influenza, and compared their clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Among 93 patients, 44 died and 49 were discharged. Forty-four (47.3%) were infected with influenza virus A and 2 (2.2%) with influenza virus B. Twenty-two (50.0%) of the non-survivors and 24 (49.0%) of the survivors were infected with the influenza virus. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza were more prone to cardiac injury than those without influenza. For the laboratory indicators at admission, white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, D-dimer value, and proportion of elevated creatinine were higher in non-survivors with influenza than in those without influenza. CONCLUSION: The results showed a high proportion of COVID-19 patients were co-infected with influenza in Tongji Hospital, with no significant difference in the proportion of co-infection between survivors and non-survivors. The critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza exhibited more severe inflammation and organ injury, indicating that co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more frequently occurring cytokine storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470606/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.068 id: cord-299141-vxvqs5kh author: Ma, Xiao-Peng title: Prevention program for the COVID-19 in a children’s digestive endoscopy center date: 2020-04-26 words: 2896.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299141-vxvqs5kh.txt summary: Based on the above factors and in combination with related policies, regulations and norms [1, 10] , a prevention and control program for the COVID-19 pneumonia in a children''s digestive endoscopy center was established to prevent the COVID-19 nosocomial infection and provide guidelines for endoscopists [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] . (5) On the day of examination, the staff should take the temperature of all children and their family members who enter the digestive endoscopy center. (2) The children and their families should provide their personal information truthfully, including any symptoms of fever, fatigue and cough, the result of total white blood cell count and lymphocyte count, the epidemiological history of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and radiographic imaging findings of the lungs. Children excluded from suspected novel coronavirus infection, in convalescence (released from quarantine for negative virus nucleic acid tests 2 or more times), or in full recovery from COVID-19 infection: (1) The indications for digestive endoscopy must be strictly followed; (2) Endoscopy should be performed in an isolated room. abstract: The pneumonia caused by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. The gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid from fecal specimens in a small number of patients suggest the possibility of transmission via the gastrointestinal tract. People of all ages are vulnerable to this virus, including children. Digestive endoscopy is an invasive procedure during which children cannot wear masks; therefore, they have higher risks of exposure to COVID-19, and the digestive endoscopy center is a relatively high-risk area for COVID-19 infection. Based on these factors and in combination with related policies and regulations, a prevention and control program for the COVID-19 pneumonia in a children's digestive endoscopy center was established to prevent the COVID-19 nosocomial infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32368528/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i8.1343 id: cord-264697-b3wd6gww author: Ma, Xiaoxu title: Characteristic of 523 COVID-19 in Henan Province and a Death Prediction Model date: 2020-09-08 words: 4484.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264697-b3wd6gww.txt summary: This study was conducted to delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) of different degree and establish a death prediction model. In this multi-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 523 COVID-19 cases discharged before February 20, 2020 in Henan Province, China, compared clinical data, screened for high-risk fatal factors, built a death prediction model and validated the model in 429 mild cases, six fatal cases discharged after February 16, 2020 from Henan and 14 cases from Wuhan. In this study, we collected data of 523 discharged cases of novel coronavirus infection in Henan Province, China and compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory test, imaging between the mild, severe survivors and nonsurvivors. In considering age is among leading risk factors for poor prognosis in several studies (3, 6, 7, (9) (10) (11) , we firstly constructed models by using single age, which could achieve and AUC of 0.907 (95% CI 0.831-0.983) for death and alive severe COVID-19 patients. abstract: Certain high-risk factors related to the death of COVID-19 have been reported, however, there were few studies on a death prediction model. This study was conducted to delineate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) of different degree and establish a death prediction model. In this multi-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 523 COVID-19 cases discharged before February 20, 2020 in Henan Province, China, compared clinical data, screened for high-risk fatal factors, built a death prediction model and validated the model in 429 mild cases, six fatal cases discharged after February 16, 2020 from Henan and 14 cases from Wuhan. Out of the 523 cases, 429 were mild, 78 severe survivors, 16 non-survivors. The non-survivors with median age 71 were older and had more comorbidities than the mild and severe survivors. Non-survivors had a relatively delay in hospitalization, with higher white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, D-dimer, LDH, BNP, and PCT levels and lower proportion of eosinophils, lymphocytes and albumin. Discriminative models were constructed by using random forest with 16 non-survivors and 78 severe survivors. Age was the leading risk factors for poor prognosis, with AUC of 0.907 (95% CI 0.831–0.983). Mixed model constructed with combination of age, demographics, symptoms, and laboratory findings at admission had better performance (p = 0.021) with a generalized AUC of 0.9852 (95% CI 0.961–1). We chose 0.441 as death prediction threshold (with 0.85 sensitivity and 0.987 specificity) and validated the model in 429 mild cases, six fatal cases discharged after February 16, 2020 from Henan and 14 cases from Wuhan successfully. Mixed model can accurately predict clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00475 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00475 id: cord-305828-kueqo67y author: Ma, Yarong title: Psychological Stress among Health Care Professionals during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Cases from Online Consulting Customers date: 2020-06-28 words: 2152.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305828-kueqo67y.txt summary: BACKGROUND: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, online consulting has been widely used to address mental health problems, including health care professionals (HCPs) caring for COVID-19 patients who experienced substantial psychological distress. AIM: To explore the severity of perceived stress and potential correlates among the HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted among 34 HCPs to assess levels of psychological distress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. This study reports on HCPs who sought online psychological support from the staff of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and examines the severity of perceived stress and potential psychiatric correlates among HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. Despite the above limitations, this study found that health care professionals working in the ICUs or respiratory department experienced more psychological distress than the others during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, online consulting has been widely used to address mental health problems, including health care professionals (HCPs) caring for COVID-19 patients who experienced substantial psychological distress. AIM: To explore the severity of perceived stress and potential correlates among the HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted among 34 HCPs to assess levels of psychological distress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. The HCPs working in different departments were compared using χ(2)-test for categorized variables and t-test for continuous ones, followed by the analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) to compare the perceived stress. Linear regression for the PSS-10 score was performed to identify potential correlates of stress. RESULTS: The sample overall (n=34) showed a relatively moderate level of perceived stress (PSS mean=15.71±4.02) with 38% identified as depressed (PHQ-9≥5) and 24% as suffering from anxiety (GAD-7≥5). Those working at intensive care units (ICUs) or in departments of respiratory medicine (RM) demonstrated significantly higher perceived stress than those at other departments (adjusted mean: 17.48±.96 vs. 13.06±1.25, p=.018, partial η(2)=.173). High perceived stress was most strongly associated with being depressed (beta=.486, p=.002) and working at ICUs/RM (beta=.345, p=.023). CONCLUSIONS: The psychological health status of frontline health care professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak warrants clinical attention. Online mental health services has played a major role although its effectiveness and barriers to its utilization require further evaluation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0964339720301087 doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102905 id: cord-268426-sz9ftmxr author: Maalla M’jid, Najat title: Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s mental health date: 2020-09-10 words: 1807.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268426-sz9ftmxr.txt summary: title: Hidden scars: the impact of violence and the COVID-19 pandemic on children''s mental health Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. While the data we have so far are only indicative, the mitigation measures taken in response to COVID-19 have heightened the risk of children experiencing or being exposed to violence at home due to school closures, confinement measures, and added family stress related to job loss, isolation, and anxieties over health and finances [5] . The United Nations issued a joint Agenda for Action on Child Protection and COVID-19 to highlight the steps States need to take to ensure that children''s protection from violence is prioritized in the response to the pandemic [10] . abstract: More than 1 billion children are exposed to violence every year. The devastating immediate and long-term impact of violence on the mental health of children is well established. Despite commitments made by the international community to end violence against children and support their mental health, there has been a serious lack of investment and capacity to provide quality, rights-based, culturally appropriate mental health care globally. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has magnified these challenges. This article outlines how the risk of children experiencing violence has increased and how the pandemic has weakened the capacity of child protection and mental health services to respond. The article argues for child protection, mental health and other core services to be prioritized during and after the pandemic. A failure to do so will undermine the international community’s ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 and to fulfil its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00340-8 doi: 10.1186/s13034-020-00340-8 id: cord-345065-5520ckdr author: Maalouf, Fadi T. title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis date: 2020-10-28 words: 3920.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345065-5520ckdr.txt summary: title: Mental health research in response to the COVID-19, Ebola, and H1N1, outbreaks: a comparative bibliometric analysis The objective of this study is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of the West Africa Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks. A minority of documents reported funding, was the product of international collaboration, or was published by authors located in low-income countries during the three outbreaks in general, and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. Our objective is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of EVD and H1N1 outbreaks. Concerning research accessibility, the proportion of outbreak-related mental health documents published in Open Access format was 81% for COVID-19, 57% for Ebola, and 32% for H1N1. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Both the COVID-19 pandemic and its management have had a negative impact on mental health worldwide. There is a growing body of research on mental health as it relates to the pandemic. The objective of this study is to use bibliometric analyses to assess the mental health research output related to the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it to that of the West Africa Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks. METHODOLOGY: We performed comprehensive searches in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and included all types of documents related to the three outbreaks published since the respective beginnings up to August 26, 2020. RESULTS: Despite the shorter time since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, relative to Ebola and H1N1, we found a much greater number of mental health documents related to COVID-19 (n=3,070) compared to the two other outbreaks (127 for Ebola and 327 for H1N1). The proportion of documents in the top 10% journals was 31% for COVID-19, 24% for Ebola, and 40% for H1N1. Authors affiliated with institutions located in high-income countries published or contributed to 79% of all documents followed by authors from upper-middle-income countries (23%), lower-middle-income countries (10%), and low-income countries (2%). Approximately 19% of the documents reported receiving funding and 23% were the product of international collaboration. CONCLUSION: Mental health research output is already greater for COVID-19 compared to Ebola and H1N1 combined. A minority of documents reported funding, was the product of international collaboration, or was published by authors located in low-income countries during the three outbreaks in general, and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.018 id: cord-263518-6puccigu author: Maarefvand, Masoomeh title: Coronavirus Outbreak and Stress in Iranians date: 2020-06-20 words: 4918.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263518-6puccigu.txt summary: A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. The questionnaire included items about demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, awareness about at-risk groups, knowledge about COVID-19 transmission methods, knowledge about effective COVID-19 prevention methods, awareness of the lack of a vaccine to prevent COVID-19, trust in information sources about COVID-19, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers. Demographic variables (including gender, age, employment, education, province, awareness of no approved vaccine for COVID-19, background disease), knowledge about transmission and prevention methods, awareness about signs and symptoms and at-risk groups, and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 were individually entered in the univariate models. abstract: Iran has faced one of the worst COVID-19 outbreaks in the world, and no studies to date have examined COVID-19-related stress in the general Iranian population. In this first population-based study, a web-based survey was conducted during the peak of the outbreak to assess stress and its correlates in the Iranian population. A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. A total of 3787 Iranians participated in the study where the majority of the participants were females (67.4%), employed (56.1%), from developed provinces (81.6%), without chronic diseases (66.6%), and with ≥13 years of formal education (87.9%). The mean age of study participants was 34.9 years (range = 12–73), and the average stress score was 3.33 (SD = ±1.02). Stress score was significantly higher for females, those who were 30–39 years old, housewives, those with chronic diseases, individuals who were aware that there is no vaccine to prevent COVID-19, those who could not get facemasks or sanitizers, and individuals with higher knowledge about at-risk groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation of stress scores with knowledge about prevention methods for COVID-19 (r = 0.21, p = 0.01) and trust in sources of information about COVID-19 (r = −0.18, p = 0.01). All of the predictors, except knowledge of two important at-risk groups and education, had a significant effect on stress scores based on a multivariate regression model. The COVID-19 outbreak could increase stress among all population groups, with certain groups at higher risk. In the high-risk groups and based on experience with previous pandemics, interventions are needed to prevent long-term psychological effects. Professional support and family-centered programs should be a part of pandemic mitigation-related policymaking and public health practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32575763/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124441 id: cord-308996-tf0v2ojk author: Maas, Angela HEM title: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak Highlights the Importance of Sex-sensitive Medicine date: 2020-08-24 words: 2188.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308996-tf0v2ojk.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed important differences between the sexes in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical course, mortality and socioeconomic dimensions of the disease in all populations worldwide. The role of the TMPRSS2 protease in SARS-CoV-2 needs to be further investigated, but information on other diseases points towards sexspecific differences. 34 Sex differences in the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor have been identified as an important contributor to the initiation and course of the disease. 27, 35, 36 Sex differences regarding potential protective effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infections are as yet unknown. Sex-specific SARS-CoV-2 mortality: among hormone-modulated ACE2 expression, risk of venous thromboembolism and hypovitaminosis D The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed important differences between the sexes in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical course, mortality and socioeconomic dimensions of the disease in all populations worldwide. This has emphasised the need for a better understanding of diversity aspects in healthcare to improve prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. In this article, the authors describe the most relevant knowledge thus far on sex differences regarding COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944091/ doi: 10.15420/ecr.2020.28 id: cord-338900-8ojah695 author: MacDonald, David S. MacDonald title: Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging: COVID-19 Considerations date: 2020-10-26 words: 5708.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338900-8ojah695.txt summary: We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-Cov-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-Cov-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the current COVID-19 pandemic, is not only highly infectious but can induce serious outcomes in vulnerable individuals including dental patients and dental health care providers (DHCP). Responses to COVID-19 have been published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association but a more specific response is required for the safe practice of oral and maxillofacial radiology. We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-Cov-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. This is complemented by a flowchart that can be displayed in all dental offices. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212440320312840?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.017 id: cord-309706-kikx05dj author: MacDonald, Scott title: Implementing a 2019 coronavirus disease airway management strategy for a provincial critical care and ground transport program date: 2020-06-03 words: 1554.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309706-kikx05dj.txt summary: "The risk of respiratory failure requiring critical care support in patients infected with COVID-19 is significant." 1 Acute care provider teams in prehospital and hospital settings had to prepare for the arrival, management, and transfer of care of these patients. The Nova Scotia Health Authority "Airway Management Guidelines for Patients with Known or Suspected COVID-19 Infection" documents (three iterations) were shared, and EHS clinical leadership used the recommendations to guide prehospital airway pathways. The following time-sensitive issues needed addressing to ensure a safe and effective COVID-19 airway management strategy: Recommendations from the Nova Scotia Health Authority airway management document supported the use of an "indirect" Macintosh blade VL device and encouraged routine use of a bougie as a means of safely achieving a high first-pass intubation success rate. The EHS prehospital ground system additionally adjusted its airway management strategy for patients not requiring critical care transport or for whom Life-Flight cannot support promptly. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.413 doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.413 id: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax author: MacIntyre, C. Raina title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS date: 2020-04-30 words: 4126.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt summary: title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. The aim of this study was to review the randomised controlled trials evidence for use of masks and respirators by the community, health care workers and sick patients for prevention of infection. (17) We conducted a randomised controlled trial comparing the targeted strategy tested in the two North American studies, with the wearing of respiratory protection during an entire shift, and showed efficacy for continual (but not targeted) use of a respirator (19) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The pandemic of COVID-19 is growing, and a shortage of masks and respirators has been reported globally. Policies of health organizations for healthcare workers are inconsistent, with a change in policy in the US for universal face mask use. The aim of this study was to review the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for healthcare workers, sick patients and the general public. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. Articles were searched on Medline and Embase using key search terms. RESULTS: A total of 19 randomised controlled trials were included in this study – 8 in community settings, 6 in healthcare settings and 5 as source control. Most of these randomised controlled trials used different interventions and outcome measures. In the community, masks appeared to be more effective than hand hygiene alone, and both together are more protective. Randomised controlled trials in health care workers showed that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. The studies of masks as source control also suggest a benefit, and may be important during the COVID-19 pandemic in universal community face mask use as well as in health care settings. Trials in healthcare workers support the use of respirators continuously during a shift. This may prevent health worker infections and deaths from COVID-19, as aerosolisation in the hospital setting has been documented. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0020748920301139 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103629 id: cord-356131-3at94sle author: MacIntyre, Peter D. title: Language teachers'' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions date: 2020-08-22 words: 6618.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356131-3at94sle.txt summary: title: Language teachers'' coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions Response to the Covid-19 pandemic have created a long list of new stressors for teachers to deal with, including problems caused by the emergency conversion to online language teaching. Some of the ''normal'' (i.e., pre-pandemic) stressors that teachers in general (not just language teachers) suffer from include pressure inflicted by heavy workloads, time constraints, unbalanced work-life integration, limited autonomy, excessive administrative obligations, strained relationships with colleagues and school leaders, role conflict/ambiguity, managing innovation and change, emotional labor, dread over losing control of the class, fear of evaluation, and low professional self-esteem, among others (Mercer & Gregersen, 2020) . Quartile Groups J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f addition to stress reported above, teachers who are using the avoidant coping strategies more often are experiencing increased negative emotions, but that these emotions are not correlated significantly with use of approach coping strategies. abstract: Abstract Teaching often is listed as one of the most stressful professions and being a language teacher triggers its own unique challenges. Response to the Covid-19 pandemic have created a long list of new stressors for teachers to deal with, including problems caused by the emergency conversion to online language teaching. This article examines the stress and coping responses of an international sample of over 600 language teachers who responded to an online survey in April, 2020. The survey measured stressors and 14 coping strategies grouped into two types, approach and avoidant. Substantial levels of stress were reported by teachers. Correlations show that positive psychological outcomes (wellbeing, health, happiness, resilience, and growth during trauma) correlated positively with approach coping and negatively with avoidant coping. Avoidant coping, however, consistently correlated (rs between .42 and .54) only with the negative outcomes (stress, anxiety, anger, sadness, and loneliness). In addition, ANOVA showed that although approach coping was consistently used across stress groups, avoidant coping increased as stress increased suggesting that there may be a cost to using avoidant coping strategies. Stepwise regression analyses using the 14 specific coping strategies showed a complex pattern of coping. Suggestions for avoiding avoidance coping strategies are offered. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0346251X20307120 doi: 10.1016/j.system.2020.102352 id: cord-035333-2duu1c9n author: MacLaren, Graeme title: What’s new in ECMO for COVID-19? date: 2020-11-12 words: 1411.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035333-2duu1c9n.txt summary: The first studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China reported high mortality rates in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [1]. Eightythree (17%) of 492 intensive care patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) received ECMO and were ultimately assessed to have an estimated probability of 60-day mortality of 31% (95% CI 22-42). This report provided insights into the use of ECMO for COVID-19 in experienced centres, including those which had participated in the EOLIA trial, and had consistent protocols and standardized ARDS management practices in place prior to the pandemic. There is greater uncertainty about the role of ECMO in other populations with COVID-19, such as patients requiring mechanical circulatory support, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) [14] , or those with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. What is required now are data concerning long-term morbidity and mortality, and whether any practices-including prone positioning, optimal anticoagulation, early extubation and use of mechanical right ventricular support-during ECMO can improve these outcomes. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7658301/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06284-z id: cord-278406-n5e3a09i author: Macauley, Precious title: CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE COVID-19 LUNG DISEASE: THE PULMONOLOGY PERSPECTIVE FROM THE FIRST UNITED STATES EPICENTER date: 2020-08-21 words: 1492.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278406-n5e3a09i.txt summary: Reflecting on studies in ARDS, particularly that due to influenza, and on data from the SARS-CoV and MERS epidemics, many authorities, including within the discipline of infectious diseases, were initially passionate in their opposition to the use of corticosteroids for lung involvement in COVID-19. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic first swept across the globe in the first quarter of 2020, the management of the associated clinical entity termed coronavirus disease 2019 became the subject of institutional recommendations (Massachusetts General Hospital, 2020), societal guidelines (Bhimarj et al, 2020), and position statements (Russell et al, 2020) . All too frequently, the features of lung involvement in severe COVID-19 have been conflated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinically defined entity intended to correspond to the histological lung injury pattern known as diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has introduced the medical community to a lung disease heretofore unknown to most clinicians. In much of the discourse about COVID-19 lung disease, the more familiar clinical entity of ARDS has been used as the guiding paradigm. Reflecting on studies in ARDS, particularly that due to influenza, and on data from the SARS-CoV and MERS epidemics, many authorities, including within the discipline of infectious diseases, were initially passionate in their opposition to the use of corticosteroids for lung involvement in COVID-19. The voice of the pulmonology community—the community of lung experts—has continued to be among the quietest in this conversation. Herein we offer our perspective as academic pulmonologists who encountered COVID-19 in its first United States epicenter of New York City. We encourage a conceptual separation between early COVID-19 lung involvement and ARDS. We draw on history with other immune cell-mediated lung diseases, on insights from the SARS-CoV experience, and on frontline observations in an attempt to allay the skepticism towards corticosteroids in COVID-19 lung disease that is likely to persist even as favorable study results emerge. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.051 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.051 id: cord-338895-c2wzjbgb author: Machado, J. A. Tenreiro title: Rare and extreme events: the case of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 words: 5452.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338895-c2wzjbgb.txt summary: Two distinct approaches are considered, the description of the number of infected people across time by means of heuristic models fitting the real-world data, and the comparison of countries based on hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. The computational and mathematical modeling lead to the emergence of patterns, highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, pointing toward the main characteristics of the complex dynamics. Therefore, in a first phase, we adopt a nonlinear least-squares technique to determine possible candidate heuristic models for describing the data regarding COVID-19 infections. The information is visualized using hierarchical clustering (HC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) for comparing the COVID-19 evolution in the different countries. We adopt the Canberra distance to measure the dissimilarity between pairs (i, j) for the time and frequency domains: Real data Fitting model In a second phase, two metrics were used for comparing the countries data both in the time and frequency domains, and the HC and MDS techniques were adopted for clustering and visualization. abstract: Complex systems have characteristics that give rise to the emergence of rare and extreme events. This paper addresses an example of such type of crisis, namely the spread of the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study deals with the statistical comparison and visualization of country-based real-data for the period December 31, 2019, up to April 12, 2020, and does not intend to address the medical treatment of the disease. Two distinct approaches are considered, the description of the number of infected people across time by means of heuristic models fitting the real-world data, and the comparison of countries based on hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling. The computational and mathematical modeling lead to the emergence of patterns, highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, pointing toward the main characteristics of the complex dynamics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427206/ doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05680-w id: cord-291414-kyi8tfqd author: Machado, Renato Assis title: Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-04-10 words: 772.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291414-kyi8tfqd.txt summary: authors: Machado, Renato Assis; de Souza, Natália Lins; Oliveira, Rayane Maria; Martelli Júnior, Hercílio; Bonan, Paulo Rogério Ferreti title: Social media and telemedicine for oral diagnosis and counselling in the COVID-19 era Besides helping patients to control chronic diseases and to give an early diagnosis, the telemedicine can "forward triage" people with possible symptoms of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since no telemedicine program can be created suddenly, an alternative adopted by different patients is to use the instant messaging applications from social media. Similarly, such an alternative helps to rule out SARS-CoV-2 symptoms quickly and avoid long lines in hospitals and emergency care, which is really great to reduce the virus spreading. Rather than expected, all the recommendations regarding COVID-19 in-person care places, these programs enable us to refer only patients with oral lesions of greater severity and to high-risk patients to triage lines of COVID-19 and even allows patients to schedule a medical consultation by video. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104685 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104685 id: cord-336453-cbq0ui4p author: Machitori, Akihiro title: Computed tomography surveillance helps tracking COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-07 words: 3802.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336453-cbq0ui4p.txt summary: PURPOSE: To reveal that a computed tomography surveillance program (CT-surveillance) could demonstrate the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection and simultaneously investigate the type and frequency of CT findings using clinical CT data. Using an online questionnaire, we asked Japanese board-certified radiologists to register their patients'' information including patient age and sex, the CT examination date, the results of PCR test for COVID-19 infection, CT findings, and the postal code of the medical institution that performed the CT. We conducted the present study to reveal that CT-surveillance could demonstrate the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection as well as simultaneously investigate the type and frequency of characteristic imaging findings on CT by using clinical CT data. CT findings in CT surveillance might distinguish the group that is considered Fig. 2 The epidemic curve of the diurnal patient number in the CT surveillance (a) shows a distribution similar to that of the PCR surveillance (b). abstract: PURPOSE: To reveal that a computed tomography surveillance program (CT-surveillance) could demonstrate the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection and simultaneously investigate the type and frequency of CT findings using clinical CT data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We targeted individuals with possible CT findings of viral pneumonia. Using an online questionnaire, we asked Japanese board-certified radiologists to register their patients’ information including patient age and sex, the CT examination date, the results of PCR test for COVID-19 infection, CT findings, and the postal code of the medical institution that performed the CT. We compared the diurnal patient number and the cumulative regional distribution map of registrations in CT-surveillance to those of the PCR-positive patient surveillance (PCR-surveillance). RESULTS: A total of 637 patients was registered from January 1 to April 17, 2020 for CT-surveillance. Their PCR test results were positive (n = 62.5–398%), negative (n = 8.9–57%), unknown (n = 26.2–167%), and other disease (n = 2.4–15%). An age peak at 60–69 years and male dominance were observed in CT-surveillance. The most common CT finding was bilaterally distributed ground-glass opacities. The diurnal number and the cumulative regional distribution map by CT-surveillance showed tendencies that were similar to those revealed by PCR-surveillance. CONCLUSION: Using clinical CT data, CT-surveillance program delineated the epidemiologic features of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32766927/ doi: 10.1007/s11604-020-01026-z id: cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author: Machluf, Yossy title: Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date: 2020-09-06 words: 8802.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt summary: Then, we highlight a few emerging and influential key themes (detailed below) that should be considered and integrated into a broader approach to gender medicine to inform evidence-based, gender-oriented health policy: (1) Incorporating diverse risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, residence, education, lifestyle habits etc.), in addition to gender, in order to better characterize the needs of sub-populations and properly address their needs; (2) Investigating genderspecific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (3) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (4) The different levels of analysis: Individual, communal, regional, national and global levels. abstract: Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc.). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953842/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3645 id: cord-295709-9whgh5b3 author: Macias, J. title: Similar incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine therapy date: 2020-05-20 words: 1788.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295709-9whgh5b3.txt summary: The cumulative incidence of COVID-19, confirmed or suspected, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. If HCQ was effective as post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2, a reduced incidence of COVID-19 could be expected in patients receiving treatment with this drug. Because of this, in this study we aimed to compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with HCQ and without HCQ therapy, during seven weeks in the pandemic. During the seven-week study period, five (1.7% [95% CI: 0.5%-4.0%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients treated with HCQ and five (1.2% [0.4%-2.7%]) (p=0.523) in the group of subjects who were not receiving this drug. In fact, the incidence of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases on HCQ treatment was not significantly different of that observed in subjects not receiving HCQ. abstract: Background: Hydroxychloroquine is currently being tested as post-exposure prophylaxis against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in several ongoing clinical trials. Objective: To compare the incidence of COVID-19 in Spanish patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases treated with and without hydroxychloroquine. Methods: Retrospective electronic record review, from February 27th to April 16th, of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases followed at two academic tertiary care hospitals in Seville, Spain. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19, confirmed or suspected, was compared between patients with and without hydroxychloroquine as part of their treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Results: Among 722 included subjects, 290 (40%) were receiving hydroxychloroquine. During the seven-week study period, five (1.7% [95% CI: 0.5%-4.0%] cases of COVID-19 were registered among patients with hydroxychloroquine and five (1.2% [0.4%-2.7%]) (p=0.523) in without hydroxychloroquine. COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR in one (0.3%, 95% CI 0.008-1.9%) patient with hydroxychloroquine and two (0.5%, 95% CI 0.05%-1.6%) without hydroxychloroquine (p=1.0). One patient on hydroxychloroquine and two subjects without hydroxychloroquine were admitted to the hospital, none of them required to be transferred to the intensive care unit and no patient died during the episode. Conclusions: The incidence and severity of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases with and without hydroxychloroquine was not significantly different. Hydroxychloroquine does not seem to be an appropriate therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.16.20104141 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.16.20104141 id: cord-300474-r5gms09p author: Mackey, Katherine title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults date: 2020-07-23 words: 595.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300474-r5gms09p.txt summary: title: Update Alert 2: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults Results of 3 new meta-analysis (2-4) evaluating the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) use with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness severity are consistent with the findings that we reported in the original manuscript. Overall, inclusion of these 3 new meta-analyses and 5 new observational studies does not change the certainty of evidence rating we reported in the original manuscript for key question 2-high-certainty evidence that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors on virus infection, inflammatory status, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and hypertension: a single-center retrospective study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32701362/ doi: 10.7326/l20-0969 id: cord-339459-z22a5yzo author: Mackey, Katherine title: Risks and Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers on SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Living Systematic Review date: 2020-05-15 words: 4132.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339459-z22a5yzo.txt summary: PURPOSE: To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or is associated with worse COVID-19 disease outcomes, and to assess the efficacy of these medications for COVID-19 treatment. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies and trials in adults that examined associations and effects of ACEIs or ARBs on risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Three studies (33, 36, 37) , which included a total of 8766 patients with COVID-19 and presented analyses adjusted for important confounding factors, had consistent results and provide moderate-certainty evidence that ACEIs or ARBs are not associated with a higher likelihood of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among symptomatic patients ( Table 1) . Risks and Impact of ACEIs or ARBs in Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection REVIEW Annals.org Annals of Internal Medicine other U.S. study included patients with COVID-19 in the New York University health system and examined ICU admission, assisted ventilation, and death as outcomes (37) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 disease susceptibility, severity, and treatment is unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate, on an ongoing basis, whether use of ACEIs or ARBs either increases risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or is associated with worse COVID-19 disease outcomes, and to assess the efficacy of these medications for COVID-19 treatment. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 2003 to 4 May 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance for 1 year; the World Health Organization database of COVID-19 publications and medRxiv.org through 17 April 2020; and ClinicalTrials.gov to 24 April 2020, with planned ongoing surveillance. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies and trials in adults that examined associations and effects of ACEIs or ARBs on risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Single-reviewer abstraction confirmed by another reviewer, independent evaluation by 2 reviewers of study quality, and collective assessment of certainty of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two retrospective cohort studies found that ACEI and ARB use was not associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 1 case–control study found no association with COVID-19 illness in a large community (moderate-certainty evidence). Fourteen observational studies, involving a total of 23 565 adults with COVID-19, showed consistent evidence that neither medication was associated with more severe COVID-19 illness (high-certainty evidence). Four registered randomized trials plan to evaluate ACEIs and ARBs for treatment of COVID-19. LIMITATION: Half the studies were small and did not adjust for important confounding variables. CONCLUSION: High-certainty evidence suggests that ACEI or ARB use is not associated with more severe COVID-19 disease, and moderate-certainty evidence suggests no association between use of these medications and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among symptomatic patients. Whether these medications increase the risk for mild or asymptomatic disease or are beneficial in COVID-19 treatment remains uncertain. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None. (PROSPERO: registration number pending) url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1515 doi: 10.7326/m20-1515 id: cord-305134-s7h6bpof author: Mackman, Nigel title: Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses date: 2020-07-13 words: 6412.0 sentences: 443.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305134-s7h6bpof.txt summary: It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. 60, 82 Taken together, these results indicate that most COVID-19 patients have an activated coagulation system that is associated with increased levels of d-dimer; however, it is unlike classic DIC since there is little change in PT and the thrombocytopenia is generally mild. [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] There is clear evidence for activation of different cell types, such as lung epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and platelets, as well as different systems, such as coagulation, inflammation, and complement, in the lungs of COVID-19 patients (Figure) . We found that plasma levels of extracellular vesicle TF activity were increased in severe influenza virus patients and were associated with mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects lung epithelial cells and endothelial cells (ECs), which leads to the recruitment of a variety of immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. abstract: The world is amid a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus causes serious respiratory tract infections that can lead to viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an activated coagulation system characterized by elevated plasma levels of d-dimer—a biomarker of fibrin degradation. Importantly, high levels of D-dimer on hospital admission are associated with increased risk of mortality. Venous thromboembolism is more common than arterial thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary thrombosis and microvascular thrombosis are observed in autopsy studies, and this may contribute to the severe hypoxia observed in COVID-19 patients. It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. Targeting these different pathways may reduce thrombosis and improve lung function in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.314514 doi: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314514 id: cord-294184-jte9xx5e author: Macleod, Jack title: Surgery during COVID-19 crisis conditions: can we protect our ethical integrity against the odds? date: 2020-06-12 words: 2742.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294184-jte9xx5e.txt summary: Careful consideration of ethical principles must guide production of local guidance ensuring consistent patient selection thus preserving equality as well as quality of clinical services. As a surgical department operating under COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) crisis conditions, a multitude of ethical, practical and medical dilemmas are encountered. Coupling the unclear risk profile of COVID-19 with a lack of alternatives to provide the gold standard surgery, what is the ethical justification for performing a substitute procedure on this cohort of patients? hoW CAn We eThICAlly proVIde The TrAdITIonAl gold sTAndArd, or AlTernATIVe, operATIon To pATIenTs durIng The CoVId-19 CrIsIs? One such framework has formed the basis of healthcare ethics: initially proposed by Beauchamp and Childress in 1979, the four principles of patient care are beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy and justice. For those patients requiring acute treatment, an alternative to the conventional gold standard can be performed if its known inferiority is outweighed by the reduced risk of COVID-19-related complications. abstract: COVID-19 is reducing the ability to perform surgical procedures worldwide, giving rise to a multitude of ethical, practical and medical dilemmas. Adapting to crisis conditions requires a rethink of traditional best practices in surgical management, delving into an area of unknown risk profiles. Key challenging areas include cancelling elective operations, modifying procedures to adapt local services and updating the consenting process. We aim to provide an ethical rationale to support change in practice and guide future decision-making. Using the four principles approach as a structure, Medline was searched for existing ethical frameworks aimed at resolving conflicting moral duties. Where insufficient data were available, best guidance was sought from educational institutions: National Health Service England and The Royal College of Surgeons. Multiple papers presenting high-quality, reasoned, ethical theory and practice guidance were collected. Using this as a basis to assess current practice, multiple requirements were generated to ensure preservation of ethical integrity when making management decisions. Careful consideration of ethical principles must guide production of local guidance ensuring consistent patient selection thus preserving equality as well as quality of clinical services. A critical issue is balancing the benefit of surgery against the unknown risk of developing COVID-19 and its associated complications. As such, the need for surgery must be sufficiently pressing to proceed with conventional or non-conventional operative management; otherwise, delaying intervention is justified. For delayed operations, it is our duty to quantify the long-term impact on patients’ outcome within the constraints of pandemic management and its long-term outlook. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106446 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106446 id: cord-324092-ertcvh8x author: Madani, Azzeddine title: The Psychological Impact of Confinement Linked to the Coronavirus Epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria date: 2020-05-21 words: 5173.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324092-ertcvh8x.txt summary: Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. The results obtained show the impacts of confinement during the first total and partial confinement operations of the coronavirus epidemic COVID-19 in Algeria on certain habits of the daily life of citizens, where we note a high rate of hand washing during the day, since 51.77% of the study sample reported washing their hands up to 10 times a day, and 36.73% of the population washed their hands between 10 and 20 times a day. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread in countries around the world. The impact of this virus is very great on populations following the application of total and partial containment measures. Our study aims to study the psychological impact of total and partial containment applied in Algeria, on 23 March 2020, following the spread of the virus COVID-19 and also studied the habits and behaviors of the Algerian population during this new way of life and this through a cross-sectional survey launched after three days from the start of confinement to quickly assess the impacts over the period from 23 March to 12 April 2020, by an online questionnaire which allowed us to obtain 678 responses from Internet users, who live in confinement in Algeria. According to the gender variable, our sample includes 405 men, or 59.7%, and 273 women, representing 40.3%. The results of the statistical analysis carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software showed that 50.3% of the respondents were in an anxious situation during these first three weeks of confinement. In addition, 48.2% feels stressed, 46.6% of the respondents confirmed to be feeling in a bad mood, and 47.4% do not stop thinking throughout the day about this epidemic and how to protect themselves. In addition, the study shows that 87.9% of the respondents in Algeria found it difficult to follow the confinement instructions. A significant change in the habits of the population was noted especially for the time of going to bed, the time of waking up, and the use of the Internet as well as the hours devoted to daily reading. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103604 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103604 id: cord-335316-x2t5h5gu author: Madariaga, M. L. L. title: Clinical predictors of donor antibody titer and correlation with recipient antibody response in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma clinical trial date: 2020-06-23 words: 4328.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335316-x2t5h5gu.txt summary: This was a prospective open label clinical study to assess the feasibility, safety and immunological impact of delivering anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma to hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older with severe or life-threatening COVID-19 disease within 21 days from the onset of their illness. Univariate regression analysis for antibody titer (anti-RBD and anti-spike) was conducted against age, sex, body mass index (BMI), previous pregnancy, previous blood donation, blood type, symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnea, abdominal pain, aguesia, anosmia, fatigue, myalgia, headache), co-morbidities (respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, diabetes, autoimmune disease, cancer, liver disease), smoking history, travel in the past 3 months to the United States, Asia or Europe, symptom duration, interval from symptoms resolution to plasma donation, and hospitalization. To determine predictors of anti-RBD and anti-spike antibody titer, we performed best subset multivariable analysis including age, sex, blood type, history of previous blood donation, fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, symptom duration, hospitalization and travel in the United States within the past 3 months. abstract: Background: Convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 relies on the transfer of anti-viral antibody from donors to recipients via plasma transfusion. The relationship between clinical characteristics and antibody response to COVID-19 is not well defined. We investigated predictors of convalescent antibody production and quantified recipient antibody response in a convalescent plasma therapy clinical trial. Methods: Multivariable analysis of clinical and serological parameters in 103 confirmed COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors 28 days or more following symptom resolution was performed. Mixed effects regression models with piecewise linear trends were used to characterize serial antibody responses in 10 convalescent plasma recipients with severe COVID-19. Results: Mean symptom duration of plasma donors was 11.9 and 7.8% (8/103) had been hospitalized. Antibody titers ranged from 0 to 1:3,892 (anti-receptor binding domain (RBD)) and 0 to 1:3,289 (anti-spike). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher anti-RBD and anti-spike titer were associated with increased age, hospitalization for COVID-19, fever, and absence of myalgia (all p<0.05). Fatigue was significantly associated with anti-RBD (p=0.03) but not anti-spike antibody titer (p=0.11). In pairwise comparison among ABO blood types, AB donors had higher anti-RBD titer than O negative donors (p=0.048) and higher anti-spike titer than O negative (p=0.015) or O positive (p=0.037) donors. Eight of the ten recipients were discharged, one remains on ECMO and one died on ECMO. No toxicity was associated with plasma transfusion. After excluding two ECMO patients and adjusting for donor antibody titer, recipient anti-RBD antibody titer increased on average 31% per day during the first three days post-transfusion (p=0.01) and anti-spike antibody titer by 40.3% (p=0.02). Conclusion: Advanced age, fever, absence of myalgia, fatigue, blood type and hospitalization were associated with higher convalescent antibody titer to COVID-19. Despite variability in donor titer, 80% of convalescent plasma recipients showed significant increase in antibody levels post-transfusion. A more complete understanding of the dose-response effect of plasma transfusion among COVID-19 patients is needed to determine the clinical efficacy of this therapy. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.21.20132944v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.21.20132944 id: cord-264295-7ojvhwb0 author: Maddaloni, Ernesto title: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse Covid-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: a multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II) date: 2020-10-01 words: 4689.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264295-7ojvhwb0.txt summary: Data collected included: demographic information (age and sex); presence of diabetes (defined as at least one random blood glucose value > 200 mg/dl, or fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl, or HbA 1c > 6.5%, or self-reported history of diabetes with ongoing anti-diabetes therapy), type of diabetes (type 1, type 2, other); smoking habits (never, ex, current); prior history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery-bass graft or stroke), malignancy (any neoplasia diagnosed within the last five years or active neoplasia); presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (fever, cough, cold, conjunctivitis, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to investigate associations of the primary and secondary outcomes with diabetes, and with other risk factors explored in the study, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, heart failure, previous cardiovascular events, malignancy and smoking status (never vs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic disorders may worsen Covid-19 outcomes. We investigated features and Covid-19 outcomes for patients with or without diabetes, and with or without cardiometabolic multimorbidity. METHODS: We collected and compared data retrospectively from patients hospitalized for Covid-19 with and without diabetes, and with and without cardiometabolic multimorbidity (defined as ≥ two of three risk factors of diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the risk of the primary composite outcome (any of mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit [ICU] or death) in patients with diabetes and in those with cardiometabolic multimorbidity, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Of 354 patients enrolled, those with diabetes (n = 81), compared with those without diabetes (n = 273), had characteristics associated with the primary composite outcome that included older age, higher prevalence of hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher levels of inflammatory markers and a lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio. The risk of the primary composite outcome in the 277 patients who completed the study as of May 15(th), 2020, was higher in those with diabetes (Adjusted Odds Ratio ((adj)OR) 2.04, 95%CI 1.12–3.73, p = 0.020), hypertension ((adj)OR 2.31, 95%CI: 1.37–3.92, p = 0.002) and COPD ((adj)OR 2.67, 95%CI 1.23–5.80, p = 0.013). Patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity were at higher risk compared to patients with no cardiometabolic conditions ((adj)OR 3.19 95%CI 1.61–6.34, p = 0.001). The risk for patients with a single cardiometabolic risk factor did not differ with that for patients with no cardiometabolic risk factors ((adj)OR 1.66, 0.90–3.06, (adj)p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes hospitalized for Covid-19 present with high-risk features. They are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, likely because diabetes clusters with other cardiometabolic conditions. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01140-2 doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01140-2 id: cord-026803-p1o4qc1h author: Maddury, Jyotsna title: Need of the Hour— COVID-19 for Cardiologists date: 2020-04-16 words: 1671.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026803-p1o4qc1h.txt summary: The most distressing pandemic at present is coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initial studies showed low association of chronic cardiac diseases (10%) in COVID-19 patients along with the acute cardiac injury accounting to 23%. These reports with new information urge cardiologists to warn patients about the potential risk and encourage them to practice "additional, reasonable precautions" for those with underlying heart disease. As SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV have similar pathogenicity, myocardial injury caused due to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be immune mediated through the ACE2 receptor or cytokine storm and/or hypoxia due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As there is an increased risk of secondary infections with COVID-19, patients are advised to remain current with vaccinations, including the pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine in accordance with current ACC/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295288/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709950 id: cord-316743-q6gbxghx author: Madhu, S. V. title: Post COVID-19 diabetes care—lessons and challenges date: 2020-06-04 words: 1690.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316743-q6gbxghx.txt summary: Some of the issues and challenges that have emerged include the reported high incidence [1, 2] of COVID-19 infections among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the greater severity, and higher rates of progression resulting in a higher number of ICU admissions [3] and higher mortality reported in them [1, 2] . As physicians involved in diabetes care, we need to advise our patients accordingly besides telling them to follow with greater intensity all the general measures to prevent exposure to COVID-19 infection. DPP4 inhibitors are another class of antidiabetic agents which are believed to have a potential to reduce the incidence and severity of complications associated with COVID-19 infections particularly in diabetic patients. Statins and ACE inhibitors are 2 groups of drugs very commonly prescribed to diabetic patients, and it is necessary to critically evaluate the current evidence regarding the benefit or risk associated with their continued use. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837089/ doi: 10.1007/s13410-020-00831-6 id: cord-030378-f9hf9plf author: Madsen, Tracy E. title: Unique Risks and Solutions for Equitable Advancement during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Early Experience from Frontline Physicians in Academic Medicine date: 2020-07-20 words: 3152.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030378-f9hf9plf.txt summary: In addition, there are known issues with respirator and personal protective equipment (PPE) fit for women, which further increases the risk of infection.6 As we can only speculate regarding potential gender differences in either individual-or population-level infection rates for frontline physicians, future reports of Covid-19 infections and deaths among health care workers should be reported by job title (i.e., physicians, nurses, technicians), gender, race, and ethnicity. Despite new challenges in both the home and work environment, the role of academic physicians and their responsibilities in research, administration, and education remain, and the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the creation of countless new opportunities to contribute to the advancement of science and education. Whether one is caring for young children, aging parents, or partners, the combination of increasing clinical challenges with new caregiving responsibilities is creating major barriers for continued academic productivity including " reduced work hours and frequent interruptions. abstract: Given the demands facing physicians working on the frontlines in academic health centers, heightened attention to gender inequities in the context of home and workplace stressors, research and authorship projects, and academic/professional advancement opportunities require focused strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380702/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0268 id: cord-307804-s94mdu3h author: Mady, Ossama M. title: Increased incidence of otitis externa in covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-11 words: 546.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307804-s94mdu3h.txt summary: RESULTS: Increased incidence of otitis externa in COVID-19 patients (18% of study group) and symptoms starting mainly between the 5th to 8th day of COVID-19 infection. The current study showed the relation between otitis externa and COVID-19 infection and compared otitis externa with other symptoms of COVID-19 as anosmia. Methods 257 cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19, were examined otoscopic and endoscopic for otitis externa, onset of starting symptoms of otitis externa and its relation to days of infection with COVID-19 were documented and the prevalence of otitis externa with anosmia in the study group were estimated. Methods 257 cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19, were examined otoscopic and endoscopic for otitis externa, onset of starting symptoms of otitis externa and its relation to days of infection with COVID-19 were documented and the prevalence of otitis externa with anosmia in the study group were estimated. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study showed the relation between otitis externa and COVID-19 infection and compared otitis externa with other symptoms of COVID-19 as anosmia. METHODS: 257 cases who were confirmed positive for COVID-19, were examined otoscopic and endoscopic for otitis externa, onset of starting symptoms of otitis externa and its relation to days of infection with COVID-19 were documented and the prevalence of otitis externa with anosmia in the study group were estimated. RESULTS: Increased incidence of otitis externa in COVID-19 patients (18% of study group) and symptoms starting mainly between the 5th to 8th day of COVID-19 infection. Combined otitis externa and anosmia occurred in 13% of study group. CONCLUSIONS: Otitis externa has a relation to COVID-19 infection. Further research needed to study its pathogenesis and mechanisms. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196070920303665 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102672 id: cord-283918-h8awaxxw author: Maeker, Éric title: Annonce du diagnostic et accompagnement de fin de vie du COVID-19 en période de confinement au sein d’une unité gériatrique aiguë date: 2020-05-21 words: 3605.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283918-h8awaxxw.txt summary: À leur ouverture et pendant les premières semaines de fonctionnement, dans chacune des unités COVID, et même dans l''ensemble de l''établissement, les visites aux personnes hospitalisées sont totalement interdites. Parmi les interrogations, l''annonce de transfert dans l''unité, l''annonce diagnostique de COVID-19, le maintien du lien des personnes hospitalisées avec leur entourage et des relations thérapeutiques entre le corps soignant avec les proches se sont posés. Lorsque le point de départ de l''hospitalisation est le passage par les urgences, les praticiens de ce service s''appuient sur leur propre expertise, celle des gériatres et possiblement des médecins réanimateurs et de soins palliatifs, ainsi que de l''équipe mobile de gériatrie. Cette communion d''expertise est l''atout majeur mis en avant dans le partage des différentes étapes de la prise en charge et de la communication avec les personnes hospitalisées et leurs proches. abstract: Summary In late 2019, the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus emerged from the animal world and crossed to humans. The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in China and was declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020. In France, hospitals in three regions experienced a massive influx of people with severe forms. COVID-specific units appeared. Within the hospital, the SARS-Cov-2 diagnostic announcement and palliative support (when indicated) required a specific approach to be developed. In an acute COVID geriatric unit, how should the diagnosis of this disease be disclosed in the setting of such intense hospital activity? What are the challenges to be met in order to offer appropriate support for these elderly people suffering from this new disease? This question is even more pressing in the setting of generalised lockdown. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1627483020300702?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.npg.2020.05.001 id: cord-286237-x6dr6rsh author: Maes, Bastiaan title: Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-03 words: 11252.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286237-x6dr6rsh.txt summary: -mechanical ventilation > 24 h at randomization -clinical frailty scale above 3 -active bacterial or fungal infection -unlikely to survive beyond 48h -neutrophil count below 1500 cells/microliter -platelets below 50.000/microliter -Patients enrolled in another investigational drug study -patients on high dose systemic steroids (> 8 mg methylprednisolone or equivalent for more than 1 month) for COVID-19 unrelated disorder -patients on immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drugs -patients on current anti-IL1 or anti-IL6 treatment -signs of active tuberculosis -serum transaminase levels >5 times upper limit of normal, unless there are clear signs of cytokine release syndrome defined by LDH >300 IU/L and ferritin >700 ng/ml -history of (non-iatrogenic) bowel perforation or diverticulitis -Pregnant or breastfeeding females (all female subjects deemed of childbearing potential by the investigator must have negative pregnancy test at screening) 5.2.1. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to test the safety and effectiveness of individually or simultaneously blocking IL-6, IL-6 receptor and IL-1 versus standard of care on blood oxygenation and systemic cytokine release syndrome in patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection and acute hypoxic respiratory failure and systemic cytokine release syndrome. TRIAL DESIGN: A phase 3 prospective, multi-center, interventional, open label, 6-arm 2x2 factorial design study. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects will be recruited at the specialized COVID-19 wards and/or ICUs at 16 Belgian participating hospitals. Only adult (≥18y old) patients will be recruited with recent (≤16 days) COVID-19 infection and acute hypoxia (defined as PaO2/FiO2 below 350mmHg or PaO2/FiO2 below 280 on supplemental oxygen and immediately requiring high flow oxygen device or mechanical ventilation) and signs of systemic cytokine release syndrome characterized by high serum ferritin, or high D-dimers, or high LDH or deep lymphopenia or a combination of those, who have not been on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours before randomisation. Patients should have had a chest X-ray and/or CT scan showing bilateral infiltrates within the last 2 days before randomisation. Patients with active bacterial or fungal infection will be excluded. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Patients will be randomized to 1 of 5 experimental arms versus usual care. The experimental arms consist of Anakinra alone (anti-IL-1 binding the IL-1 receptor), Siltuximab alone (anti-IL-6 chimeric antibody), a combination of Siltuximab and Anakinra, Tocilizumab alone (humanised anti-IL-6 receptor antibody) or a combination of Anakinra with Tocilizumab in addition to standard care. Patients treated with Anakinra will receive a daily subcutaneous injection of 100mg for a maximum of 28 days or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. Siltuximab (11mg/kg) or Tocilizumab (8mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 800mg) are administered as a single intravenous injection immediately after randomization. MAIN OUTCOMES: The primary end point is the time to clinical improvement defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a six-category ordinal scale measured daily till day 28 or discharge from the hospital or death. This ordinal scale is composed of (1) Death; (2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; (3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; (4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; (5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; (6) Not hospitalized. RANDOMISATION: Patients will be randomized using an Interactive Web Response System (REDCap). A 2x2 factorial design was selected with a 2:1 randomization regarding the IL-1 blockade (Anakinra) and a 1:2 randomization regarding the IL-6 blockade (Siltuximab and Tocilizumab). BLINDING (MASKING): In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): A total of 342 participants will be enrolled: 76 patients will receive usual care, 76 patients will receive Siltuximab alone, 76 patients will receive Tocilizumab alone, 38 will receive Anakinra alone, 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Siltuximab and 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Tocilizumab. TRIAL STATUS: COV-AID protocol version 3.0 (15 Apr 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing and started on April 4(th) 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on April 1st, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04330638) and on EudraCT on April 3rd 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001500-41). FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04453-5 doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04453-5 id: cord-340942-oatf59k0 author: Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date: 2020-09-21 words: 3949.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340942-oatf59k0.txt summary: METHODS: In this retrospective study, we describe the demographics, epidemiology and clinical features of the first 557 consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 living in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil. Here, we describe for the first time the clinical, epidemiological and demographic features of the first 557 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil, who were diagnosed between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Patient epidemiological information, demographic and clinical characteristics, including medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, underlying co-morbidities, and date of disease onset were obtained from electronic medical records of the Pernambuco Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) and analyzed. Regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases in the different household income ranges (Fig. 1B) , we found that SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in neighborhoods with greater purchasing power. Here, we described for the first time the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Pernambuco between 12 March and April 22, 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: South America is the current epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease have not been described in Brazil, the third most affected country in the world. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we describe the demographics, epidemiology and clinical features of the first 557 consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 living in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil. RESULTS: The first COVID-19 cases occurred in the high income population. The age of infected patients ranged from 27 days to 97 years with a median of 47 years. The ratio of males to female in the SARS-CoV-2-infected group was 0.83:1. The most common symptom was cough (74.51%), followed by fever (66.79%), dyspnea (56.01%), sore throat (28.19%) and O(2) saturation <95% (24.42%). 86.44% of the lethal cases were patients older than 51 years. The median time from illness onset to diagnosis was 4.0 days (range 0–39 days) Severe patients diagnosed after 14 days of symptoms onset had higher viral load than patients with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides important information about COVID-19 in the tropics and will assist physicians and health officials to face the current pandemics as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in the human population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971239/ doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101884 id: cord-238444-v9gfh3m1 author: Maghdid, Halgurd S. title: A Smartphone enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-04-25 words: 3833.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-238444-v9gfh3m1.txt summary: Further, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. From a technical standpoint, we summarise the most important contributions of this paper as follows: 1) We build a tracking model based on positional information of registered users to conduct contact-tracing of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The best thing to do seems to be let people go out for their business, but any body tests positive of COVID-19, we would be able, through proposed framework, to trace everybody in contact with the confirmed case and managing the lockdown and mass quarantine. In this study, K-means as an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is used to cluster the users'' positions information and predict that the area should be locked down or not based on same empirical thresholds. abstract: The emergence of novel COVID-19 causing an overload in health system and high mortality rate. The key priority is to contain the epidemic and prevent the infection rate. In this context, many countries are now in some degree of lockdown to ensure extreme social distancing of entire population and hence slowing down the epidemic spread. Further, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. However, manual contact tracing is time consuming and labor-intensive task which tremendously overload public health systems. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. Particularly, contact-tracing approach creates a list of individuals in the vicinity and notifying contacts or officials of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This approach is not only providing awareness to individuals they are in the proximity to the infected area, but also tracks the incidental contacts that the COVID-19 carrier might not recall. Thereafter, we developed a dashboard to provide a plan for government officials on how lockdown/mass quarantine can be safely lifted, and hence tackling the economic crisis. The dashboard used to predict the level of lockdown area based on collected positions and distance measurements of the registered users in the vicinity. The prediction model uses K-means algorithm as an unsupervised machine learning technique for lockdown management. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12240v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-269850-5pidolqb author: Maghdid, Halgurd S. title: A Smartphone Enabled Approach to Manage COVID-19 Lockdown and Economic Crisis date: 2020-08-14 words: 5046.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269850-5pidolqb.txt summary: 1. We build a tracking model based on positional information of registered users to conduct contact-tracing of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The best thing to do seems to be let people go out for their business, but any body tests positive of COVID-19, we would be able, through proposed framework, to trace Fig. 3 A framework of contact-tracing using smartphone-based approach everybody in contact with the confirmed case and managing the lockdown and mass quarantine. In this study, k-means as an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is used to cluster the users'' positions information and predict that the area should be locked down or not based on the same empirical thresholds. This Fig. 6 The results of the prediction model for both scenarios is followed by send back notifications from the server to the users to notify them for the crowded area and controlling the spreading the coronavirus COVID-19. abstract: The emergence of novel COVID-19 causes an over-load in health system and high mortality rate. The key priority is to contain the epidemic and prevent the infection rate. In this context, many countries are now in some degree of lockdown to ensure extreme social distancing of entire population and hence slowing down the epidemic spread. Furthermore, authorities use case quarantine strategy and manual second/third contact-tracing to contain the COVID-19 disease. However, manual contact-tracing is time-consuming and labor-intensive task which tremendously over-load public health systems. In this paper, we developed a smartphone-based approach to automatically and widely trace the contacts for confirmed COVID-19 cases. Particularly, contact-tracing approach creates a list of individuals in the vicinity and notifying contacts or officials of confirmed COVID-19 cases. This approach is not only providing awareness to individuals they are in the proximity to the infected area, but also tracks the incidental contacts that the COVID-19 carrier might not recall. Thereafter, we developed a dashboard to provide a plan for policymakers on how lockdown/mass quarantine can be safely lifted, and hence tackling the economic crisis. The dashboard used to predict the level of lockdown area based on collected positions and distance measurements of the registered users in the vicinity. The prediction model uses k-means algorithm as an unsupervised machine learning technique for lockdown management. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00290-0 doi: 10.1007/s42979-020-00290-0 id: cord-239315-dk2lwsrx author: Magklaras, Georgios title: A review of information security aspects of the emerging COVID-19 contact tracing mobile phone applications date: 2020-05-31 words: 6300.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-239315-dk2lwsrx.txt summary: This paper discusses the aspects of data reliability and user privacy for the emerging practice of mobile phone based contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking Norway as an example, a country with good tradition on respecting the privacy of its citizens and among the first to launch a COVID-19 contact tracing application, it is evident that no tender processes have been disclosed for awarding public funds to construct the application [53] , calls to open source the application in order to aid the review by security experts were denied [54] and that data that contain GPS, Bluetooth LE smartphone identifiers and health status were stored in private cloud vendors [55] with unclear status on whether the data can leave the Norwegian geographic border. abstract: This paper discusses the aspects of data reliability and user privacy for the emerging practice of mobile phone based contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic. Various countries and large technology companies have already used or plan to design and use mobile phone based solutions, in an effort to urgently expedite the process of identifying people who may have been exposed to the disease and limit its spread to the general population. However, serious concerns have been raised both in terms of the validity of the collected data as well as the extent to which implemented approaches can breach the privacy of the mobile phone users. This review examines the weaknesses of existing implementations and concludes with specific recommendations that can contribute towards increasing the safety of infrastructures that collect and process this kind of information, as well as the adoption and acceptance of these solutions from the public. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00529v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-303330-zh8wzza5 author: Magleby, Reed title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 words: 3557.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303330-zh8wzza5.txt summary: In two studies of hospitalized patients in China, those with severe presentations of COVID-19 had higher viral loads than those with mild presentations, but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load on the risk of intubation or death was not evaluated [10, 11] . We hypothesized that assessing SARS-CoV-2 viral load by analyzing Ct values from an initial NP swab sample could be a clinically valuable tool to identify patients at highest risk of intubation and death and provide insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We therefore conducted this retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads on admission, clinical presentations, and outcomes at two affiliated New York City hospitals using a high-throughput RT-PCR assay. In conclusion, we found that admission SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, as determined by Ct values that are generated with standard-of-care diagnostic assays, are independently associated with intubation and death among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently require mechanical ventilation and have high mortality rates, but the impact of viral burden on these outcomes is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 30 to April 30, 2020 at two hospitals in New York City. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed using cycle threshold (Ct) values from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay applied to nasopharyngeal swab samples. We compared patient characteristics and outcomes among patients with high, medium, and low admission viral loads and assessed whether viral load was independently associated with risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We evaluated 678 patients with COVID-19. Higher viral load was associated with increased age, comorbidities, smoking status, and recent chemotherapy. In-hospital mortality was 35.0% with a high viral load (Ct<25; n=220), 17.6% with a medium viral load (Ct 25-30; n=216), and 6.2% with a low viral load (Ct>30; n=242; P<0.001). The risk of intubation was also higher in patients with a high viral load (29.1%), compared to those with a medium (20.8%) or low viral load (14.9%; P<0.001). High viral load was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.92-12.52; P<0.001) and intubation (aOR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.68-4.44; P<0.001) in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Admission SARS-CoV-2 viral load among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 independently correlates with the risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. Providing this information to clinicians could potentially be used to guide patient care. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa851 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa851 id: cord-318866-3arxrm8m author: Magnano, M. title: Psoriasis, COVID‐19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment date: 2020-05-30 words: 694.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318866-3arxrm8m.txt summary: The management of psoriatic patients under biologics during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is of great concern, as well as the outcome of the COronaVirus DIsease (COVID-19) in this population. On a pool of 720 psoriatic patients followed by our 3 referral centers for severe psoriasis, we registered 9 swab-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Table 1) . 1 , who concluded that, despite the cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities affecting psoriatic patients and also representing risk factors for severe COVID-19, patients seldom required hospitalization. 2 The appropriateness of withdrawing biologic therapies preventively in psoriatic patients is still debated and it is also unclear whether their use influences the course of COVID-19 or not. 4 The psoriatic population treated with biologic therapies is on average young 5 , since elderly patients with multiple comorbidities are usually excluded from systemic treatments. Although this case series is limited, we evidenced that ARDS can represent a complication also in patients under biologics. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13706 doi: 10.1111/dth.13706 id: cord-263753-p3evgngz author: Magoon, Rohan title: Dexmedetomidine in COVID-19: probing promises with prudence! date: 2020-10-27 words: 462.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263753-p3evgngz.txt summary: While the peak DEX-doses >0.8 µg/kg/hr and daily cumulative DEX-doses >12.9 µg/kg/day have been described to be associated with an elevated withdrawal incidence [7] , lack of presentation of the contextual DEXdose administered in the COVID-19 patient featured in the Stockton and Kyle-Sidell case-report, captivates attention [1] . (iii) In addition, once on invasive mechanical ventilation, a precision approach to sedation in COVID-19 patients, as epitomized by Payen et al, appears to be prudent centralising the focus on inter-individual variability and synchronizing the level of ventilator support to the subsequent target of sedation, thereby directing the subsequent choice of sedative agents, including DEX [8, 9] . Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report Dexmedetomidine-Associated Hyperpyrexia in Three Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease Incidence of dexmedetomidine withdrawal in adult critically Ill patients: a pilot study Sedation for critically ill patients with COVID-19: Which specificities? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33168381/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.034 id: cord-345444-j2hgzrtm author: Magoon, Rohan title: Compounded research challenges amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 1043.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345444-j2hgzrtm.txt summary: In addition to pragmatic guidelines dictating our research efforts backed by a meticulous peer-review, we researchers are also obligated to adhere to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the principles of scientific integrity aiming at the most accurate and objective representation of the study results, despite a condensed time frame in a pandemic situation [8, 9] . Identifying the potential sources of misinformation at the level of social media blogs, news reports and other mass media regulators, the scientific community needs to engage at these sources (in the form of commentaries, interviews, expedited reviews and joint author-journal posts, vetting the dissemination of information) to augment the resultant control on the derived narratives (alongside the preservation of veracity) and to execute every possible opportunity to curtail the dissemination of the infodemic monikers, which tend to accelerate misinformation in one or the other form [14, 15] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947032/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.09.002 id: cord-314889-lo3kkrfp author: Magrini, Stefano Maria title: Letter to the editor regarding “lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable” date: 2020-07-01 words: 673.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314889-lo3kkrfp.txt summary: title: Letter to the editor regarding "lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable" Many of us in the global radiation oncology community independently raised the possibility of using low doses of thoracic radiation therapy based upon historical data suggesting benefit in pneumonia and its ongoing use in the treatment of nonneoplastic disease [5] [6] . We agree with the authors that it is essential to conduct rigorous preclinical testing of low dose radiation therapy. With old but relevant clinical data and research suggesting anti-inflammatory effects of radiation at very low doses that may affect key inflammatory cells involved in the hyper-inflammatory host response to COVID-19 [9], we do not agree that preclinical studies are require for radiation therapy and should be treated differently than the other therapies being tested. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167814020303595?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.034 id: cord-285806-363ivs67 author: Magro, Giuseppe title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: is interleukin-6 (IL-6) the ''culprit lesion'' of ARDS onset? What is there besides Tocilizumab? SGP130Fc date: 2020-05-14 words: 5157.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285806-363ivs67.txt summary: In a humanized transgenic mouse MERS-CoV infection model, Remdesivir (a drug already being used against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe and moderate disease, GS-US-540-5773/4 Studies) showed more activity and efficacy in prophylactic and therapeutic use then the combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Interferon beta 9 , this points towards the necessity to explore other options regarding immune system modulation and how control of viraemia is also essential. More evidence suggests that critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure and SARS-CoV-2 have either immune dysregulation or macrophage-activation syndrome, both of which are characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is another evidence of the pro-inflammatory role of the trans-signaling pathway and it could also be the explanation as to why some patients show a higher inflammatory response mediated by IL-6, similarly to what is happening with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 many studies have been published showing possible therapies, here the author discusses the end of stage disease related drugs, like Tocilizumab which is currently being used in ARDS patients. In some patients, disease progression leads to an enormous secretion of cytokines, known as cytokine storm, among those cytokines IL-6 plays an important role. Here the author shows how IL-6 has both pro and anti-inflammatory properties, depending on the pathway of transduction: soluble (trans-signaling) or membrane-related (classic signaling), and suggests how targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway, with SGP130Fc, could be a better option then targeting them both. Other possible IL-6 pathway inhibitors such as Ruxolitinib and Baricinitib are then analyzed, underlying how they lack the benefit of targeting only the pro-inflammatory pathway. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590153220300094 doi: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100029 id: cord-303100-ovrzcf84 author: Maguire, Donogh title: Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-15 words: 3695.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303100-ovrzcf84.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Age ≥ 70 years and severe systemic inflammation as measured by the peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score are independently associated with 30-day mortality among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. Age ≥ 70 years and severe systemic inflammation as measured by the peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score are independently associated with 30-day mortality among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. Keywords: COVID-19, Systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), C-reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Peri-operative glasgow prognostic score (poGPS), Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), 30-day mortality, Host inflammatory response Age was grouped as less than 40 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years and 80 years and older. Old age and severe systemic inflammation, as evidenced by the post-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score (poGPS), were independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 infection results in a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS). This SIRS response shares similarities to the changes observed during the peri-operative period that are recognised to be associated with the development of multiple organ failure. METHODS: Electronic patient records for patients who were admitted to an urban teaching hospital during the initial 7-week period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Glasgow, U.K. (17th March 2020—1st May 2020) were examined for routine clinical, laboratory and clinical outcome data. Age, sex, BMI and documented evidence of COVID-19 infection at time of discharge or death certification were considered minimal criteria for inclusion. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion, 52 (23%) had died at 30-days following admission. COVID-19 related respiratory failure (75%) and multiorgan failure (12%) were the commonest causes of death recorded. Age ≥ 70 years (p < 0.001), past medical history of cognitive impairment (p ≤ 0.001), previous delirium (p < 0.001), clinical frailty score > 3 (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.05), heart failure (p < 0.01), national early warning score (NEWS) > 4 (p < 0.01), positive CXR (p < 0.01), and subsequent positive COVID-19 swab (p ≤ 0.001) were associated with 30-day mortality. CRP > 80 mg/L (p < 0.05), albumin < 35 g/L (p < 0.05), peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score (poGPS) (p < 0.05), lymphocytes < 1.5 10(9)/l (p < 0.05), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (p ≤ 0.001), haematocrit (< 0.40 L/L (male)/ < 0.37 L/L (female)) (p ≤ 0.01), urea > 7.5 mmol/L (p < 0.001), creatinine > 130 mmol/L (p < 0.05) and elevated urea: albumin ratio (< 0.001) were also associated with 30-day mortality. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 70 years (O.R. 3.9, 95% C.I. 1.4–8.2, p < 0.001), past medical history of heart failure (O.R. 3.3, 95% C.I. 1.2–19.3, p < 0.05), NEWS > 4 (O.R. 2.4, 95% C.I. 1.1–4.4, p < 0.05), positive initial CXR (O.R. 0.4, 95% C.I. 0.2–0.9, p < 0.05) and poGPS (O.R. 2.3, 95% C.I. 1.1–4.4, p < 0.05) remained independently associated with 30-day mortality. Among those patients who tested PCR COVID-19 positive (n = 122), age ≥ 70 years (O.R. 4.7, 95% C.I. 2.0—11.3, p < 0.001), past medical history of heart failure (O.R. 4.4, 95% C.I. 1.2–20.5, p < 0.05) and poGPS (O.R. 2.4, 95% C.I. 1.1–5.1, p < 0.05) remained independently associated with 30-days mortality. CONCLUSION: Age ≥ 70 years and severe systemic inflammation as measured by the peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score are independently associated with 30-day mortality among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32933530/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02524-4 id: cord-335539-jc97qxm9 author: Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)” —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 689.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335539-jc97qxm9.txt summary: title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: "An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)" —Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19 Of paramount concern is transmission from asymptomatic but infected caregivers via secondhand aerosol (SHA) from e-cigarettes and secondhand smoke (SHS) from combustible tobacco products to the most vulnerable groupsindividuals who are older and individuals with comorbidities. Given that viral loads in aerosols may survive for hours and land on surfaces on which COVID-19 remains viable for days, 8 SHA and SHS may increase the reach and transmission of COVID-19 in smokers'' homes to older and younger household members. This is because after SHA and SHS dissipates, thirdhand aerosol (THA) and thirdhand smoke (THS) settles in dust and on surfaces. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319756/ doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02041 id: cord-319804-i5oprni9 author: Mahajan, Ashutosh title: An Epidemic Model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India date: 2020-07-28 words: 2752.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319804-i5oprni9.txt summary: In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases. A different compartmental model SEIR [9] predicts the dynamics of the transmission of the COVID-19 for certain countries, and the impact of quarantine of the infected persons are also studied in it. We employ an improved mathematical model SIPHERD [19] for the COVID-19 pandemic embedding the purely asymptomatic infected cases and the transmission of the disease from them. The model simulations bring out the efficacy of different ways for the containment, by predicting the total number of active and confirmed cases, total deaths, and daily new positive cases considering various social distancing/lockdown conditions and the number of tests done per day. An epidemic model sipherd and its application for prediction of the spread of covid-19 infection for india and usa abstract: Originating from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and with a gradual spread in the last few months, COVID-19 has become a pandemic crossing 9 million confirmed positive cases and 450 thousand deaths. India is not only an overpopulated country but has a high population density as well, and at present, a high-risk nation where COVID-19 infection can go out of control. In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases. We analyze the impact of lockdown and the number of tests conducted per day on the prediction and bring out the scenarios in which the infection can be controlled faster. Our findings indicate that increasing the tests per day at a rapid pace (10k per day increase), stringent measures on social-distancing for the coming months and strict lockdown in the month of July all have a significant impact on the disease spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834644/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110156 id: cord-297661-62s3bdeu author: Mahajan, Ruchi title: Eculizumab treatment for renal failure in a pediatric patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 words: 1898.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297661-62s3bdeu.txt summary: The incidence and etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) amongst pediatric patients remains largely unknown. To our knowledge, we present the first pediatric case of COVID-19 and severe AKI due to TMA, treated with eculizumab. She was found to have elevated C5b9 level (1669 ng/L; normal < 244), and given high suspicion for complement-mediated TMA, she was treated with eculizumab 900 mg IV weekly × 3 doses. A case series from 5 patients in New York demonstrated a pattern of tissue damage consistent with complement-mediated microvascular injury in the lungs and skin [5] . Thus, we present this case as the first use of eculizumab for complement inhibition in pediatric complement-mediated AKI, associated with COVID-19 infection. Complement-mediated TMA should be considered as an etiology for AKI in COVID-19 patients. We present a case of complement cascade inhibition using eculizumab as a strategy for treating severe AKI in a pediatric patient. abstract: While there are increasing reports of acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with COVID-19, there is still limited information on renal complications associated with COVID-19 in children. The cause of kidney involvement in COVID-19 is likely multifactorial, and appears to involve a complex process, including complement dysregulation and thrombotic microangiopathy. We present a pediatric case of COVID-19 and renal failure due to thombotic microangiopathy, successfully treated with eculizumab. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00858-2 doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00858-2 id: cord-336005-nm34bfsl author: Mahan, Keenan title: Abdominal pain in a patient with COVID-19 infection: A case of multiple thromboemboli date: 2020-05-26 words: 886.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336005-nm34bfsl.txt summary: Although there appears to be an increased incidence of thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 infection, recommendations regarding anticoagulation are lacking. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with clinically significant venous and arterial thromboemboli in the setting of COVID-19 infection requiring tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In addition, there is no clear guidance as to whether anticoagulation should be initiated for emergency department (ED) patients with presumed COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer. The patient''s CXR demonstrated bilateral peripheral opacities consistent with COVID-19 infection ( Figure 1 ) and her D-dimer returned elevated at 8,264ng/mL. Based on the patient''s hypoxemia, persistent tachycardia, and marked D-dimer elevation, we ordered a CT pulmonary angiogram which revealed multiple filling defects in the thoracic and abdominal aorta representing thromboemboli as well as diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities in the lungs (Figure 2) . Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has created diagnostic uncertainty with regards to distinguishing this infection from pulmonary embolism (PE). Although there appears to be an increased incidence of thromboembolic disease in patients with COVID-19 infection, recommendations regarding anticoagulation are lacking. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with clinically significant venous and arterial thromboemboli in the setting of COVID-19 infection requiring tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.054 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.054 id: cord-313659-jutdl9qu author: Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh title: Reply to Does asthma affect outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infections? date: 2020-09-28 words: 773.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313659-jutdl9qu.txt summary: Our results are in agreement with other papers that were published in the 28 following month showing that asthma does not decrease or increase hospitalization rate and length for 29 Additional studies showed that atopy might play an important role in the response to 30 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as a chronic lung disease prone to viral-induced exacerbation, this might place those 42 with severe COVID-19 at risk for a longer duration of pulmonary inflammation.(2, 5) Furthermore, an 43 allergic background and differential expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 may dampen the strong 44 inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with allergic asthma patients, leading to the lack of 45 increased severity reported in patients with non-allergic asthma. Another important factor that needs to be considered and further investigated is the impact of racial differences on COVID-19 outcome in asthma patients. The studies that did not find any difference in 48 terms of COVID-19 severity or intubation time in asthma patients were done in predominantly non-49 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820309983?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.020 id: cord-317589-03isjlif author: Mahdian, Soodeh title: Drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 words: 2387.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317589-03isjlif.txt summary: For this purpose, five proteins of COVID-19 (3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-Like protease (PLpro), cleavage site, HR1 and RBD in Spike protein) were selected as target proteins for drug repositioning. One hundred and twenty-eight FDA-approved drugs with the most favorable free-binding energy were attached to the cleavage site and RBD in Spike protein. RESULTS: According to the results, glecaprevir, paritaprevir, simeprevir, ledipasvir, glycyrrhizic acid, TMC-310911, and hesperidin showed highly favorably free binding energies with all tested target proteins. According to previous evidence, the cleavage site in the S-protein and the conserved Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) is important role in the pathogenesis of virus. Virtual screening was then performed for the 18 selected drugs with ACE2 (major COVID_19 receptor), 3CLpro and PLpro (main enzymes in viral replication), HR1 (main domain in virus fusion with the host cell membrane) and TMPRSS2 (main enzyme in activating the viral spike glycoproteins). abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, the world has been dealing with a new type of coronavirus called COVID-19 that in terms of symptoms is similar to the SARS coronavirus. Unfortunately, researchers could not find a registered therapy to treat the infection related to the virus yet. Regarding the fact that drug repurposing is a good strategy for epidemic viral infection, we applied the drug repurposing strategy using virtual screening to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19. For this purpose, five proteins of COVID-19 (3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-Like protease (PLpro), cleavage site, HR1 and RBD in Spike protein) were selected as target proteins for drug repositioning. METHODS: First, five proteins of COVID-19 were built by homology modeling. Then FDA-approved drugs (2471 drugs) were screened against cleavage site and RBD in Spike protein via virtual screening. One hundred and twenty-eight FDA-approved drugs with the most favorable free-binding energy were attached to the cleavage site and RBD in Spike protein. Of these 128 drugs, 18 drugs have either been used currently as antiviral or have been reported to possess antiviral effects. Virtual screening was then performed for the 18 selected drugs with ACE2, 3CLpro and PLpro and HR1 and TMPRSS2. RESULTS: According to the results, glecaprevir, paritaprevir, simeprevir, ledipasvir, glycyrrhizic acid, TMC-310911, and hesperidin showed highly favorably free binding energies with all tested target proteins. CONCLUSION: The above-mentioned drugs can be regarded as candidates to treat COVID-19 infections, but further study on the efficiency of these drugs is also necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837954/ doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00546-9 id: cord-345708-hlnjzunb author: Mahendran, Krishantini title: COVID‐19 and Postgraduate Dental Training—A commentary date: 2020-09-29 words: 991.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345708-hlnjzunb.txt summary: DCTs were redeployed to a range of departments including community renal dialysis units, critical care units and inpatient COVID-19 wards. Within the dental hospital, DCTs supported senior staff members transform existing services through reviewing and adapting local policies, trialling new systems of working and creating local standard operating procedures. By F I G U R E 1 NHS dental training pathway engaging in these initiatives, trainees were able to contribute to a growing body of national recommendations on providing effective and safe dental care for patients in all settings across the country. Dental Specialty Training was not suspended in the same way as DCT. Those redeployed were able to engage with projects within other departments giving them insight into other research/quality improvement methods that could be brought back to dental specialties. Redeploying the clinical dental workforce to support the NHS clinical delivery plan for COVID-19 FAQ for dental specialty trainees during current Covid-19 situation abstract: In this commentary, we discuss the short‐term and long‐term implications of COVID‐19 on postgraduate dental training in the UK, specifically Dental Core Training (DCT) and Specialty Training. Although this commentary focuses on the authors’ experiences within Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) in London, we hope that our viewpoint will resonate with dental postgraduate trainees across Europe and may guide further discussion in this area. We also reflect on adaptations that may be required if there are any future disruptions to dental postgraduate training in the UK. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954610/ doi: 10.1111/eje.12600 id: cord-275584-zeqax0il author: Mahil, S. K. title: Risk mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory joint and skin disease during the COVID-19 pandemic differ by treatment type: a cross-sectional patient survey date: 2020-11-07 words: 4056.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275584-zeqax0il.txt summary: Objectives Registry data suggest that people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving targeted systemic therapies have fewer adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared to patients receiving no systemic treatments. Global clinician-reported registry data in rheumatic diseases, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease have further suggested a differential risk of severe COVID-19 associated with different treatment types. We focused on RMDs and psoriasis as representative IMIDs and used global self-report survey data to explore the notion that individuals receiving different types of treatment exhibit distinct risk mitigating behaviours in the pandemic. Self-reported data from 3,720 individuals with a primary diagnosis of RMD (851, 22.9%) or psoriasis (2869, 77.1%) were available from 74 countries (including UK (2,578, 69.4%), Portugal (200, 5.4%), USA (165, 4.5%)) (demographic/clinical/socio-economic descriptions, CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: Objectives Registry data suggest that people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving targeted systemic therapies have fewer adverse COVID-19 outcomes compared to patients receiving no systemic treatments. We used international patient survey data to explore the hypothesis that greater risk-mitigating behaviour in those receiving targeted therapies may account, at least in part, for this observation. Methods Online surveys were completed by individuals with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (RMD) (UK only) or psoriasis (globally) between 4th May and 7th September 2020. We used multiple logistic regression to assess the association between treatment type and risk-mitigating behaviour, adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics. We characterised international variation in a mixed effects model. Results Of 3,720 participants (2,869 psoriasis, 851 RMD) from 74 countries, 2,262 (60.8%) reported the most stringent risk-mitigating behaviour (classified here under the umbrella term shielding). A greater proportion of those receiving targeted therapies (biologics and JAK inhibitors) reported shielding compared to those receiving no systemic therapy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% CI 1.35-1.97) and standard systemic agents (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.22-1.56). Shielding was associated with established risk factors for severe COVID-19 (male sex [OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.24], obesity [OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.54], comorbidity burden [OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15-1.78]), a primary indication of RMD (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27-1.48) and a positive anxiety or depression screen (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.36-1.80). Modest differences in the proportion shielding were observed across nations. Conclusions Greater risk-mitigating behaviour among people with IMIDs receiving targeted therapies may contribute to the reported lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The behaviour variation across treatment groups, IMIDs and nations reinforces the need for clear evidence-based patient communication on risk mitigation strategies and may help inform updated public health guidelines as the pandemic continues. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.05.20226662v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226662 id: cord-340204-3gm58qza author: Mahmoodpoor, Ata title: Management of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: What We Learned and What We Do date: 2020-06-10 words: 1706.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340204-3gm58qza.txt summary: Till our knowledge is improved, the most important intervention in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 seems to be the level of standard care and appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment. It seems that each center should have its protocol on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Almost five percent of COVID-19 patients require intensive care medicine admission, and most of them are complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1) . Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate management of critically ill patients with cytokine storm and prompt initiation of immunomodulatory treatment may be beneficial. proved, the most important intervention in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 seems to be the level of standard care and appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment. abstract: There are many unknown questions and puzzle pieces that should describe the clinical course of COVID-19 and its complications, especially ARDS. We provide the initial immediate surge response to allow every patient in need of an ICU bed to receive one. Till our knowledge is improved, the most important intervention in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 seems to be the level of standard care and appropriate and early diagnosis and treatment. It seems that each center should have its protocol on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This treatment should now be performed regardless of the reason which lies behind the pathophysiology of this disease, which is yet unknown. In this report, we share our experience in the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients during the 2 months in our intensive care unit. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944565/ doi: 10.5812/aapm.104900 id: cord-348155-otcg3lgh author: Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M. title: Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-05-28 words: 1492.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348155-otcg3lgh.txt summary: In this series of consecutive patients admitted to a busy quarternary referral center with a high burden of Covid-19, the major findings were of right ventricular (RV) dilatation associated with impaired radial but preserved longitudinal RV systolic function. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to characterize the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings in consecutive patients admitted with proven Covid-19 pneumonia. In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, RV dilatation and dysfunction is common and its presence is associated with a pro-thrombotic, inflammatory state reflected in elevated Ddimer and CRP levels. In conclusion, RV dilatation and dysfunction is common in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and elevated HS Tn. In contrast, the LV is seldom impaired and more often hyperdynamic. abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and its relation to biomarkers. Seventy-four patients (59±13 years, 78% male) admitted with Covid-19 were included after referral for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as part of routine care. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The chief abnormalities were right ventricular (RV) dilatation (41%) and RV dysfunction (27%). RV impairment was associated with increased D-dimer and CRP levels. In contrast, left ventricular (LV) function was hyper-dynamic or normal in most (89%) patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0828282X20305092?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.05.030 id: cord-279428-5t2qi2on author: Mahmoudi, Morteza title: COVID-19 pandemic may fuel academic bullying date: 2020-06-27 words: 1187.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279428-5t2qi2on.txt summary: Because the pandemic has exacerbated so many of the issues underlying abusive behaviors in general (e.g., psychological health, economic and social inequalities), one may expect to see a significant uptick in the incidence of academic bullying as well. The main focus of this perspective piece is to draw the attention of stakeholders to the potential facilitative influence of COVID-19 on bullying behaviors, which experience tells us will have long-lasting effects on scientific integrity, academic health, and sound medical decisions. Some sources of concern include i) monitoring/investigating abusive behaviors may not be a high priority during the pandemic for institutional authorities; ii) many former providers of institutional support to targets of abusive behaviors (including ombudsmen''s offices and grant agencies) have necessarily shifted their attention to COVID-19related issues; and iii) mounting pressure on lab leaders to maintain their scientific output (e.g., publishing papers and winning grants) even under current conditions. abstract: [Image: see text] The COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate factors influencing abusive workplace behaviors in general such as psychological health, economic and social inequities. This is true in academic and research environments where we can expect to see an increase in the incidence of academic bullying. Research and experience shows that academic bullying will have significant and enduring negative effects on scientific integrity and academic health. In this perspective piece we will explore the potential facilitative influence of COVID-19 and specifically responses to it, on bullying behaviors in academic and research environments. url: https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.2020.17 doi: 10.34172/bi.2020.17 id: cord-314657-mqoqhr33 author: Mahmud, Nadim title: Declining Cirrhosis Hospitalizations in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 words: 1227.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314657-mqoqhr33.txt summary: To address these gaps, we used national data in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), a single integrated system of care and the largest single US provider of liver-related care, to: (1) investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of national cirrhosis hospitalizations, and (2) identify salient changes in hospitalization-level characteristics. Linear regression limited to 2020 was then used to investigate effects of SIP orders, and number of incident COVID-19 cases and deaths on cirrhosis hospitalizations, adjusted for linear time trends in pre-and during-COVID periods. To investigate changes in patient and hospital-level characteristics during the pandemic, we defined three 2020 subgroup eras: pre-COVID (before February 29 th ), early-COVID (February 29 th to March 25 th ), and late-COVID (March 26 th to April 15 th ). We also identified important changes in hospitalizationlevel characteristics in the late-COVID era, including significant declines in academic center hospitalizations, decreased LOS, fewer hospital transfers, increased admission MELD, and more frequent discharge to home rather than facilities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32387493/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.005 id: cord-291595-8241pjpe author: Mahmudpour, Mehdi title: COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation date: 2020-05-30 words: 5842.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt summary: The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE/angiotensin II/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2/bradykinin B1R/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. Because Ang-(1-7) exerts a critical role in counteracting the pro-inflammatory effect of RAAS, protecting from endothelial cell activation and resulting lung damage from inflammatory mediators in the cytokine storm, the administration of Ang-(1-7) or one of its similar agents to patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis has been suggested [35, 66] . We suggested ACE2/Bradykinin/DABK may be involved in the inflammatory response of SARS CoV-2; therefore, blockade of this axis by inhibiting BKB1R may ameliorate a part of the cytokine storm which occurs in COVID-19 infection. abstract: Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of the cytokine storm has not been explored extensively yet. The attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as its cellular receptor, triggers complex molecular events that leads to hyperinflammation. Four molecular axes that may be involved in SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory cytokine overproduction are addressed in this work. The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE/angiotensin II/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2/bradykinin B1R/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. The molecular clarification of these axes will elucidate an array of therapeutic strategies to confront the cytokine storm in order to prevent and treat COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043466620301678 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151 id: cord-272573-wxqly479 author: Maia Chagas, Andre title: Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems date: 2020-04-24 words: 5074.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272573-wxqly479.txt summary: Here, we summarise community-driven approaches based on Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) currently being developed and deployed to support the global response for COVID-19 prevention, patient treatment and diagnostics. Community and commercial open source efforts in diagnostic technology to date have focused on four areas: i) open platforms for scaling reactions as exemplified by Opentrons ( Fig 3A) [28] , an open source lab automation platform that has been working with BP Genomics and the Open Medicine Institute to automate up to 2,400 tests per day and achieve US FDA EUA approval and is now automating COVID-19 testing at the Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CBD) of Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; ii) trying to fill gaps where less attention is being paid by clinical diagnostics companies, such as Chia Bio''s Open qPCR (Fig 3B) environmental test kit for surveillance via surface swabs [111] ; iii) distributed reproduction of rapidly-published, lab-scale protocols, seen within the OpenCOVID initiative hosted by Just One Giant Lab [39] which involves many community labs worldwide; iv) initiatives such as the Open Enzyme Collection [93] , Free Genes [94] and Biomaker Challenge [112] which are investigating new approaches to foundational technologies such as reagents and instrumentation, with a view to building capacity and resources or global science and medicine to face a future pandemic. abstract: With the current rapid spread of COVID-19, global health systems are increasingly overburdened by the sheer number of people that need diagnosis, isolation and treatment. Shortcomings are evident across the board, from staffing, facilities for rapid and reliable testing to availability of hospital beds and key medical-grade equipment. The scale and breadth of the problem calls for an equally substantive response not only from frontline workers such as medical staff and scientists, but from skilled members of the public who have the time, facilities and knowledge to meaningfully contribute to a consolidated global response. Here, we summarise community-driven approaches based on Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) as well as personal protective equipment (PPE) currently being developed and deployed to support the global response for COVID-19 prevention, patient treatment and diagnostics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330124/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000730 id: cord-311155-8cvj4wdp author: Maideen, Naina Mohamed Pakkir title: Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) – Potential herb for COVID-19? date: 2020-06-30 words: 4174.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311155-8cvj4wdp.txt summary: In this review, the potential of Nigella sativa (black cumin seeds) to treat the patients with COVID-19 analyzed, as it has shown to possess antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive, antipyretic and analgesic activities. sativa oil capsules (500 mg) twice daily, has shown improvement in number of inflamed joints, incidence of morning stiffness, and disease activity score [39] and a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the participants of intervention group received 2 capsules of N. Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Currently, the management of patients with COVID-19 depends mainly on repurposed drugs which include chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, umifenovir, interferon-α, interferon-β and others. In this review, the potential of Nigella sativa (black cumin seeds) to treat the patients with COVID-19 analyzed, as it has shown to possess antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive, antipyretic and analgesic activities. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ) and reference lists were searched to identify articles associated with antiviral and other properties of N.sativa related to the signs and symptoms of COVID-19. Various randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, case reports and in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that N.sativa has antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory, antihistaminic, antitussive activities related to causative oraganism and signs and symptoms of COVID-19. N. sativa could be used as an adjuvant therapy along with repurposed conventional drugs to manage the patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685234/ doi: 10.3831/kpi.2020.23.010 id: cord-314109-wb45naw2 author: Maiese, Kenneth title: The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment date: 2020-06-17 words: 4134.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314109-wb45naw2.txt summary: One such avenue that may prove to be exceedingly fruitful and offer exciting potential as new antiviral therapy involves the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent work has shown that mTOR pathways in conjunction with AMPK may offer valuable targets to control cell injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of hyperinflammation, a significant disability associated with COVID-19. Considering that one of the mechanisms that can lead to severe disability and death during infection with SARS-CoV-2 is an exaggerated activation of the host''s immune system that results in systemic hyperinflammation with the elevation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is interesting to note that mTOR pathways have been tied to immune system modulation [40, 54, 55] . • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways with mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) offer new avenues of opportunity for the development of innovative antiviral treatment strategies. abstract: Multiple viral pathogens can pose a significant health risk to individuals. As a recent example, the β-coronavirus family virion, SARS-CoV-2, has quickly evolved as a pandemic leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been declared by the World Health Organization as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To date, no definitive treatment or vaccine application exists for COVID-19. Although new investigations seek to repurpose existing antiviral treatments for COVID-19, innovative treatment strategies not normally considered to have antiviral capabilities may be critical to address this global concern. One such avenue that may prove to be exceedingly fruitful and offer exciting potential as new antiviral therapy involves the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent work has shown that mTOR pathways in conjunction with AMPK may offer valuable targets to control cell injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of hyperinflammation, a significant disability associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, pathways that can activate mTOR may be necessary for anti-hepatitis C activity, reduction of influenza A virus replication, and vital for type-1 interferon responses with influenza vaccination. Yet, important considerations for the development of safe and effective antiviral therapy with mTOR pathways exist. Under some conditions, mTOR can act as a double edge sword and participate in virion replication and virion release from cells. Future work with mTOR as a potential antiviral target is highly warranted and with a greater understanding of this novel pathway, new treatments against several viral pathogens may successfully emerge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32334502/ doi: 10.2174/1567202617666200425205122 id: cord-294360-1oymweb0 author: Mair, Frances S title: Multimorbidity and the COVID-19 pandemic – An urgent call to action date: 2020-10-13 words: 952.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294360-1oymweb0.txt summary: 5 While much public health advice provides substantial information about the increased COVID-19 risks posed by individual LTCs such as cancer or cardiovascular disease there is a glaring absence of information about multimorbidity. Public health resources, such as those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), do not highlight the higher risks of COVID-19 for people with multimorbidity, despite the evidence highlighted here. Such organisations are a vital and trusted source of information and support for patients, carers, and the public and provide ample advice and information about the risks of COVID-19 to individuals with specific LTCs. In contrast, those with 1 Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK multimorbidity remain largely forgotten and disadvantaged through the scarcity of organisations that advocate specifically for those with multiple LTCs and via the absence of information tailored to their complex needs. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2235042x20961676 doi: 10.1177/2235042x20961676 id: cord-339075-32jj4fyz author: Majeed, Azeem title: The primary care response to COVID-19 in England''s National Health Service date: 2020-06-17 words: 1900.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339075-32jj4fyz.txt summary: 1 As the patient''s first point of contact is with the health system, these changes have had a dramatic effect on primary care, including England''s National Health Service (NHS). 2 Although private (paid for directly by the patient) primary care services have increased in recent years, the vast majority of England''s population remain registered with an NHS general practice, which is their sole or main provider of primary care. To help cope with the demand for advice from patients with symptoms of suspected COVID-19 infection, primary care teams were supported by the NHS 111 service. This has led to the closure of some hubs and also of home visiting services, with responsibility for managing patients with suspected COVID-19 infection being passed back to general practices. 11 Several general practitioners have now died from COVID-19 infection in England and this has further exacerbated concerns about personal protective equipment in primary care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521196/ doi: 10.1177/0141076820931452 id: cord-319868-rtt9i7wu author: Majeed, Taban title: Issues associated with deploying CNN transfer learning to detect COVID-19 from chest X-rays date: 2020-10-06 words: 7666.0 sentences: 377.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319868-rtt9i7wu.txt summary: In recent months, much research came out addressing the problem of COVID-19 detection in chest X-rays using deep learning approaches in general, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in particular [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . [3] built a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based on ResNet50, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2 models for the classification of COVID-19 Chest X-ray images to normal and COVID-19 classes. [9] , authors use CT images to predict COVID-19 cases where they deployed Inception transfer-learning model to establish an accuracy of 89.5% with specificity of 88.0% and sensitivity of 87.0%. Wang and Wong [2] investigated a dataset that they called COVIDx and a neural network architecture called COVID-Net designed for the detection of COVID-19 cases from an open source chest X-ray radiography images. The deep learning architectures that we used for the purpose of COVID19 detection from X-ray images are AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, Goog-leNet, InceptionV3, SqueezeNet, Inception-ReseNet-v2, Xception and DenseNet201. abstract: Covid-19 first occurred in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Subsequently, the virus spread throughout the world and as of June 2020 the total number of confirmed cases are above 4.7 million with over 315,000 deaths. Machine learning algorithms built on radiography images can be used as a decision support mechanism to aid radiologists to speed up the diagnostic process. The aim of this work is to conduct a critical analysis to investigate the applicability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the purpose of COVID-19 detection in chest X-ray images and highlight the issues of using CNN directly on the whole image. To accomplish this task, we use 12-off-the-shelf CNN architectures in transfer learning mode on 3 publicly available chest X-ray databases together with proposing a shallow CNN architecture in which we train it from scratch. Chest X-ray images are fed into CNN models without any preprocessing to replicate researches used chest X-rays in this manner. Then a qualitative investigation performed to inspect the decisions made by CNNs using a technique known as class activation maps (CAM). Using CAMs, one can map the activations contributed to the decision of CNNs back to the original image to visualize the most discriminating region(s) on the input image. We conclude that CNN decisions should not be taken into consideration, despite their high classification accuracy, until clinicians can visually inspect and approve the region(s) of the input image used by CNNs that lead to its prediction. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-020-00934-8 doi: 10.1007/s13246-020-00934-8 id: cord-298600-cnolne6k author: Majeed, Talal title: The Role of the Computed Tomography (CT) Thorax in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 for Patients Presenting with Acute Surgical Emergencies. A Single Institute Experience date: 2020-10-20 words: 3221.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298600-cnolne6k.txt summary: Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy in terms of sensitivity and specificity of CT chest in diagnosing and confirming COVID-19 infection in patients presenting with acute surgical and medical pathologies. Patients admitted for acute surgical emergencies were treated according to RCS guidelines and subjected to RT-PCR test and/or CT scan of the thorax. Patients admitted for acute surgical emergencies were treated according to RCS guidelines and subjected to RT-PCR test and/or CT scan of the thorax. CT imaging was found to have a high false positive rate making it an unreliable tool for a definitive diagnosis in the presence of concomitant respiratory pathologies, but with a strong negative predictive value at 82.4% makes it a useful tool for the exclusion of COVID-19 infection and can be helpful in surgical decision making for asymptomatic patients (Table 1 ).In our study, more than 70% of all acute surgical presentations which are normally treated surgically were treated conservatively with good outcome. abstract: The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge impact on emergency surgical services in the UK. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) published guidelines about COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020 to aid decision making for the surgeons. These guidelines recommended that all patients requiring urgent surgery should have reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or computed tomography (CT) thorax pre-operatively. However, it is currently unclear whether the use of CT thorax is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test. The objective of this study was to find out whether CT thorax is a reliable and accurate test in the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared to RT-PCR. This is particularly important in surgical patients where there is no time to wait for RT-PCR results. A prospective cohort study of patients presented with acute surgical emergencies at a University Teaching Hospital was conducted. Data was collected from March 23, to May 15, 2020, during the peak of the crisis in the UK. All adult patients presented with operable general surgical emergencies were considered eligible. Another group of patients, admitted with acute medical emergencies but with suspected COVID-19 infection, was used for comparison. Data was manually collected, and sensitivity, specificity and predictive value were calculated using the MedCalc statistical software version 19.2.6. Standard reporting for COVID-19 infection for CT chest based on guidelines from British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) and Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) was used. Patients who had their CT thorax reported as typical or classic of COVID 19 (high probability) were treated as infected cases with extra precautions in the wards and surgical theatres as suggested by health and safety executive (HSE). These patients had serial RT-PCR during their admissions or in the post-operative phase, if the first swab was negative. For the study, 259 patients were considered eligible for inclusion from both groups. Patients admitted for acute surgical emergencies were treated according to RCS guidelines and subjected to RT-PCR test and/or CT scan of the thorax. There were 207 patients with high clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Of those 207 patients, 77 patients had CT thorax with radiographic features consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, only 40 patients had a positive RT-PCR result. CT thorax was normal in 130 patients, out of which 29 patients were found to have COVID-19 diagnosis after swab test. Sensitivity of CT scan to diagnose COVID-19 infection was found to be 58% (95% CI; 45.48% to 69.76%) whilst specificity was 73% (95% CI; 64.99% to 80.37%) with a negative predictive value of 77.69% (95% CI; 72.17% to 82.39%). CT scan was found to be a reliable tool in the diagnosis of COVID-19. With a negative predictive value of up to 82.4%, CT thorax can play an important role to help surgeons in their decision making for asymptomatic suspected cases of COVID-19. However, over-reliance on CT scan which also has a high false positive rate for diagnosis of COVID-19 infections can lead to overtreatment, overuse of resources and delays in decision-making process. Hence, results should be interpreted with caution and correlated with clinical presentation and swab test results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100739/ doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02626-9 id: cord-337818-mhmc3ts8 author: Majek, O. title: Modelling the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic and the role of government interventions date: 2020-09-11 words: 1697.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337818-mhmc3ts8.txt summary: A series of early measures was adopted over the following weeks in accordance with the Public Health Protection Act and the Act on the Security of the Czech Republic (Table 1) , leading to rather favourable results after the first wave of epidemic (87 cases and 3 deaths per 100,000 population at the end of May, compared to 269 cases and 32 deaths per 100,000 population in the entire EU/EEA and UK). [3] A simple epidemiological model was developed at the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic to help decision-makers understand the course of the epidemics including an estimation of the effective reproduction number, [4] and to facilitate short-term predictions. In line with the general testing policy applicable in the Czech Republic in the respective time period, testing was assumed only in symptomatic is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: In the Czech Republic, the first COVID-19 cases were confirmed on 1 March 2020; early population interventions were adopted in the following weeks. A simple epidemiological model was developed to help decision-makers understand the course of the epidemic and perform short-term predictions. In this paper, we present the use of the model and estimated changes in the reproduction number (decrease from > 2.00 to < 1.00 over March and April) following adopted interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.10.20192070 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20192070 id: cord-344217-kci4uw7u author: Majid, Sabhiya title: Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Research Strategies Based on the Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Coronaviruses date: 2020-08-25 words: 5645.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344217-kci4uw7u.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing global health emergency, is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major public health concern having caused three zoonotic outbreaks; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002–2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and currently this devastating COVID-19. Beta coronaviruses are a subgroup of the coronavirus family, large enveloped positive-sense singlestranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses able to infect a wide variety of mammals and avian species, causing mainly respiratory or enteric diseases [2] . The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been named COVID-19, a highly transmittable and pathogenic respiratory infection, which has become a public health emergency of international concern as no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine is available-though few broad spectrum antiviral drugs and drug combinations in clinical trials have resulted in clinical recovery [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing global health emergency, is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emerging in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it spread widely across the world causing panic—worst ever economic depression is visibly predictable. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major public health concern having caused three zoonotic outbreaks; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002–2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and currently this devastating COVID-19. Research strategies focused on understanding the evolutionary origin, transmission, and molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis need to be urgently formulated to manage the current and possible future coronaviral outbreaks. Current response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. Although frantic global efforts for developing safe and effective prophylactic and therapeutic agents are on, no licensed antiviral treatment or vaccine exists till date. In this review, research strategies for coping with COVID-19 based on evolutionary and molecular aspects of coronaviruses have been proposed. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00457-z doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00457-z id: cord-292539-i10k2ld4 author: Majidi, Hadi title: High-resolution computed tomography finding in 552 patients with symptomatic COVID-19: first report from north of Iran date: 2020-07-13 words: 2233.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292539-i10k2ld4.txt summary: METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for computed tomography (CT) scan. CONCLUSION: In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients. The most common presented findings in patients were ground glass opacity (482 cases, 87.3%), peripheral distribution (455 Fig. 2 ). The meta-analysis conducted on the present study and other studies presented the peripheral distribution with 79% prevalence as the most common CT finding in these patients ( Table 3) . Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center''s observational study Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study abstract: PURPOSE: Due to the emergence of the new coronavirus 2019 and the lack of sufficient information about infected patients, this study was conducted to investigate the chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of patients infected with the new coronavirus 2019. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for computed tomography (CT) scan. Symptomatic patients were referred to the Medical Imaging Center for diagnosis confirmation through CT scan. In addition to age and sex, HRCT findings were collected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for further evaluations. RESULTS: Out of 552 patients with mean age of 51.2 ± 14.8 years, the male/female ratio was 1.38 to 1. The most common expressive findings in patients were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (87.3%), peripheral distribution (82.4%), and posterior distribution (81.5%). The most conflicting findings in patients were pleural effusion (7.6%), peribronchovascular distribution (7.6%), and lymphadenopathy (5.1%). The peripheral distribution (p = 0.034), round opacities (p = 0.02), single lobe (p = 0.003), and pleural effusion (p = 0.037) were significant in people under and over 50 years of age. CONCLUSION: In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661945/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01819-9 id: cord-343759-me0n2k3f author: Majiya, H. title: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State date: 2020-08-05 words: 4949.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343759-me0n2k3f.txt summary: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic is ongoing, and to know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the COVID-19 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. COVID-19 IgG and IgM Rapid Test Kits (Colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State as from 26th June 2020 to 30th June 2020. Antigen-Antibody based kits unlike other methods can detect previous exposure to the infectious agents (WHO, 2020a; 2020b; 2020c; Xiao et al., 2020 )-this information is very important especially in COVID-19 with assumed high rate of asymptomatic cases in order to see how far the virus has spread and infection patterns, effectiveness of social distancing measures enforced and determination of herd immunity to the disease to know the extent of vaccination to do when COVID-19 vaccines become available. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic is ongoing, and to know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the COVID-19 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. A cross sectional study design and clustered-stratified-Random sampling strategy were used. COVID-19 IgG and IgM Rapid Test Kits (Colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State as from 26th June 2020 to 30th June 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the NCDC confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the State. COVID-19 IgG and IgM Test results were entered into the EPIINFO questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. EPIINFO was then used for both the descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the data generated. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Niger State was found to be 25.41% and 2.16% for the positive IgG and IgM respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, gender and by occupation varied widely. A seroprevalence of 37.21% was recorded among health care workers in Niger State. Among age groups, COVID-19 seroprevalence was found to be in order of 30-41 years (33.33%) > 42-53 years (32.42%) > 54-65 years (30%) > 66 years and above (25%) > 6-17 years (19.20%) > 18-29 years (17.65%) > 5 years and below (6.66%). A seroprevalence of 27.18% was recorded for males and 23.17% for females in the state. COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.81%. The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers and those that have had contact with person (s) that travelled out of Nigeria in the last six (6) months are twice ( 2 times) at risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (54.59%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Discussions about knowledge, practice and attitude of the participants are included. The observed Niger State COVID-19 seroprevalence means that the herd immunity for COVID-19 is yet to be achieved and the population is still susceptible for more infection and transmission of the virus. If the prevalence stays as reported here, the population will definitely need COVID-19 vaccines when they become available. Niger State should fully enforce the use of face/nose masks and observation of social/physical distancing in gatherings including religious gatherings in order to stop or slow the spread of the virus. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.04.20168112v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.04.20168112 id: cord-271840-cw2xy1m6 author: Majmundar, Neil title: Incidence, Pathophysiology, and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Acute Ischemic Stroke date: 2020-09-23 words: 1224.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271840-cw2xy1m6.txt summary: 4 reported 5 patients positive for COVID-19 in a New York City hospital system who presented with strokes secondary to largevessel occlusions (LVOs) over a 2-week period despite very few or no risk factors for stroke. Due to the high rates of nosocomial transmission as well as the potential for overwhelming hospital resources, stroke centers across the world implemented new protocols for the triaging of patients with stroke, particularly those with LVOs requiring MT. 8 A recent study from a single center in New Jersey, one of the most heavily COVID-impacted states in the country, corroborated the decrease in overall stroke volume but also found a greater proportion of patients with stroke presenting with LVOs during the COVID-19 period. Although the overall incidence of AIS in COVID-19 is not clear, there is emerging evidence that the rate of LVOs is increased in patients with COVID-19 who may not have the typical stroke risk factors. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.158 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.158 id: cord-348039-kl1a0au3 author: Majowicz, S. E. title: What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities date: 2020-04-29 words: 2898.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348039-kl1a0au3.txt summary: This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. The PHAC report was underpinned by two planning methodologies: scenario planning [4] , which aims to describe the range of plausible futures so that decisions and plans can be robust in the face of uncertainty; and a modified Political, Economic, Social, Technological (PEST) analysis [5] , a framework for identifying macro-level factors in the wider environment that can impact organisations'' abilities to function. This paper applies a similar approach, in order to: (a) outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19, and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare; and (b) list factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. abstract: This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. Although the contextual focus of this paper is Canada, the content is likely applicable to other places where the COVID-19 epidemic curve is in its initial rising stage, and where universities are predominantly publicly funded institutions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345390/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820000898 id: cord-264449-p3tgjuj4 author: Majumdar, PK title: Orthopaedic Surgery in Times of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-07-17 words: 1734.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264449-p3tgjuj4.txt summary: The fear of asymptomatic carriers in patients and colleagues should not weigh on the decision to operate but should be evaluated by the urgency of the procedure; existing and anticipated COVID-19 cases in the hospital and region; availability of PPE, beds and staff; and finally, age and health of the patient. In one of Indonesian public hospitals, Orthopaedic surgeons are only allowed to perform surgeries on emergency, malignancy, and infection cases, whereas elective surgeries shall be postponed indefinitely. To lessen the number of visits, some Orthopaedic surgeons extend the length of post-operative joint replacement stay of their patients up to 10-14 days to receive the multidisciplinary care, including rehabilitation and wound care. Evidence of COVID-19 transmission from asymptomatic individuals 1 brings challenges to orthopaedic practice in terms of nosocomial transmission, isolation and cohorting requirements and increased post operative complications in undetected individuals. Pre-and post-operative screening in limited-term elective cancer surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983394/ doi: 10.5704/moj.2007.005 id: cord-347684-qzswojwp author: Majumder, Ranabir title: Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach date: 2020-09-08 words: 3775.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347684-qzswojwp.txt summary: title: Screening of plant-based natural compounds as a potential COVID-19 main protease inhibitor: an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach Plant-based natural compounds from Sigma-Aldrich plant profiler chemical library have been screened through virtual molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential inhibitors of COVID M(pro). Our virtual molecular docking results have shown that there are twenty-eight natural compounds with a greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 M(pro) inhibition site as compared to the co-crystal native ligand Inhibitor N3 (-7.9 kcal/mol). Performing virtual molecular docking, we found that Rutin from garlic (Allium sativum) possesses a higher binding affinity than native co-crystal ligand inhibitor N3 toward COVID-19 main protease. Our virtual molecular docking score suggests that the top twenty-eight compounds (Table 1 ) have a higher amount of binding affinity toward inhibition site of COVID-19 M pro as compared to the native co-crystal ligand: Inhibitor N3. abstract: A new strain of coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or drug available to combat the pandemic. COVID-19 main protease (M(pro)) is a key CoV enzyme, which plays an important role in triggering viral replication and transcription, turns it into an attractive target. Therefore, we aim to screen natural products library to find out potential COVID-19 M(pro) inhibitors. Plant-based natural compounds from Sigma-Aldrich plant profiler chemical library have been screened through virtual molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential inhibitors of COVID M(pro). Our virtual molecular docking results have shown that there are twenty-eight natural compounds with a greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 M(pro) inhibition site as compared to the co-crystal native ligand Inhibitor N3 (-7.9 kcal/mol). Also, molecular dynamics simulation results have confirmed that Peonidin 3-O-glucoside, Kaempferol 3-O-β–rutinoside, 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-[(6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, Quercetin-3-D-xyloside, and Quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (selected based on the docking score) possess a significant amount of dynamic properties such as stability, flexibility and binding energy. Our In silco results suggests that all the above mention natural compounds have the potential to be developed as a COVID-19 M(pro) inhibitor. But before that, it must go through under the proper preclinical and clinical trials for further scientific validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897138/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1817787 id: cord-278649-ge9ike2c author: Makaronidis, Janine title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study date: 2020-10-01 words: 4278.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278649-ge9ike2c.txt summary: title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in people with an acute loss in their sense of smell and/or taste in a community-based population in London, UK: An observational cohort study The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a community-based population with acute loss of smell and/or taste and to compare the frequency of COVID-19 associated symptoms in participants with and without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. • Recruited participants completed online questionnaires regarding demographics, their loss of smell and/or taste, and other COVID-19 symptoms, before they had a telemedicine consultation with a healthcare professional who confirmed the history of their symptoms and supervised a test to find out if they had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In this community-based cohort study, undertaken during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in London, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in participants with new onset loss of sense of smell and/or taste, was 77.6%. abstract: BACKGROUND: Loss of smell and taste are commonly reported symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in people with acute loss of smell and/or taste is unknown. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a community-based population with acute loss of smell and/or taste and to compare the frequency of COVID-19 associated symptoms in participants with and without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. It also evaluated whether smell or taste loss are indicative of COVID-19 infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Text messages, sent via primary care centers in London, United Kingdom, invited people with loss of smell and/or taste in the preceding month, to participate. Recruitment took place between 23 April 2020 and 14 May 2020. A total of 590 participants enrolled via a web-based platform and responded to questions about loss of smell and taste and other COVID-19–related symptoms. Mean age was 39.4 years (SD ± 12.0) and 69.1% (n = 392) of participants were female. A total of 567 (96.1%) had a telemedicine consultation during which their COVID-19–related symptoms were verified and a lateral flow immunoassay test that detected SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies was undertaken under medical supervision. A total of 77.6% of 567 participants with acute smell and/or taste loss had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; of these, 39.8% (n = 175) had neither cough nor fever. New loss of smell was more prevalent in participants with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, compared with those without antibodies (93.4% versus 78.7%, p < 0.001), whereas taste loss was equally prevalent (90.2% versus 89.0%, p = 0.738). Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 was 3 times more likely in participants with smell loss (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.27–6.36; p < 0.001) compared with those with taste loss. The limitations of this study are the lack of a general population control group, the self-reported nature of the smell and taste changes, and the fact our methodology does not take into account the possibility that a population subset may not seroconvert to develop SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that recent loss of smell is a highly specific COVID-19 symptom and should be considered more generally in guiding case isolation, testing, and treatment of COVID-19. TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04377815 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001967/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003358 id: cord-325235-uupiv7wh author: Makris, A. title: COVID-19 detection from chest X-Ray images using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-05-24 words: 5435.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325235-uupiv7wh.txt summary: In this research work the effectiveness of several state-of-the-art pre-trained convolutional neural networks was evaluated regarding the automatic detection of COVID-19 disease from chest X-Ray images. A collection of 336 X-Ray scans in total from patients with COVID-19 disease, bacterial pneumonia and normal incidents is processed and utilized to train and test the CNNs. Due to the limited available data related to COVID-19, the transfer learning strategy is employed. The proposed CNN is based on pre-trained transfer models (ResNet50, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2), in order to obtain high prediction accuracy from a small sample of X-ray images. Abbas et al [22] presented a novel CNN architecture based on transfer learning and class decomposition in order to improve the performance of pre-trained models on the classification of X-ray images. 22.20110817 doi: medRxiv preprint In this research work the effectiveness of several state-of-the-art pre-trained convolutional neural networks was evaluated regarding the detection of COVID-19 disease from chest X-Ray images. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has highlighted the need to pull all available resources towards the mitigation of the devastating effects of such "Black Swan" events. Towards that end, we investigated the option to employ technology in order to assist the diagnosis of patients infected by the virus. As such, several state-of-the-art pre-trained convolutional neural networks were evaluated as of their ability to detect infected patients from chest X-Ray images. A dataset was created as a mix of publicly available X-ray images from patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease, common bacterial pneumonia and healthy individuals. To mitigate the small number of samples, we employed transfer learning, which transfers knowledge extracted by pre-trained models to the model to be trained. The experimental results demonstrate that the classification performance can reach an accuracy of 95% for the best two models. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20110817v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110817 id: cord-327003-2z0ftel0 author: Makurumidze, Richard title: Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe date: 2020-04-13 words: 861.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327003-2z0ftel0.txt summary: title: Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspects reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe Official reports of suspect cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and preparedness of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and suspected cases who missed testing. The studies conducted to date have shown African countries to be at risk of getting the new 21 coronavirus disease , mainly due to their close link with China 1 . Despite the 22 associated high risk, the number of reported cases has been rising slower than anticipated 23 considering their weak health and emergency preparedness and response systems 2 . According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) report on 27 COVID-19 on the 15 th of March 2020, 365 cases were confirmed in 25 African countries. abstract: Abstract Zimbabwe is among the countries that have been identified to be at risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the 15th of March 2020, there has been no confirmed case of the virus. Official reports of suspect cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and preparedness of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the surveillance and capacity to screen at ports of entry, the country seems to be faring well. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and suspected cases who missed testing. Three of the suspected cases faced mental, social, and psychological consequences due to them being suspects of COVID-19. There is a need to enhance the screening process and infrastructure at all ports of entry. More COVID-19 diagnostic tests should be procured to increase the testing capacity. Training and awareness of mental, social, and psychological consequences of COVID-19 should be offered to health care workers and the public. More financial resources should be sourced to enable the country to control the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.002 id: cord-323538-9dlr6kqh author: Malard, Florent title: COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease date: 2020-05-06 words: 1600.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323538-9dlr6kqh.txt summary: To date, very few data are available on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic diseases. Here we describe the demographic characteristics, coexisting conditions, imaging findings, and outcomes among patients with hematologic disease and COVID-19 infection. We included all consecutive adult patients with a hematologic disease admitted to the Hematology Department (inpatient and outpatient admissions) of the Saint-Antoine-Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France, with laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 infection between March 9 and April 4, 2020 and with at least 10 days of follow-up. As of April 16, 2020, with a median follow-up since symptom onset of 29 days (range, 14-40), 13 of the 18 patients (52%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [9] and 6 received mechanical ventilation ( Supplementary Fig. 1) . This study highlighted the following observations: patients with a hematologic malignancy harbored a higher risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19 with ARDS, requiring mechanical ventilation, compared to those in the general French population without an underlying medical condition [1] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32376969/ doi: 10.1038/s41409-020-0931-4 id: cord-332081-j13krdft author: Maldonado, María title: Incidencia y resultados de la COVID-19 en una unidad de diálisis domiciliaria en Madrid (España) durante el pico de la pandemia date: 2020-11-05 words: 1890.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332081-j13krdft.txt summary: (5) Pese a las medidas globales y el confinamiento, a 25 de mayo de 2020, la incidencia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) siguió en aumento, con 5,304,772 casos confirmados por laboratorio y más de 342,029 muertes en todo el mundo, según la La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afectaba de forma más frecuente a los ancianos con comorbilidades (6) y la mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en poblaciones con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, hipertensión u obesidad (5) . El objetivo del estudio es describir la incidencia de la COVID-19 en una Unidad de Diálisis Domiciliaria (UDD) en Madrid, una de las áreas más afectadas de Europa, y evaluar la evolución en este grupo de pacientes comparándolo con nuestros pacientes en hemodiálisis en centro. En conclusión, la incidencia de la infección por COVID-19 en nuestra unidad de diálisis domiciliaria en Madrid durante el pico de la pandemia fue alta, principalmente en pacientes en DP. abstract: Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by a new coronavirus that is affecting the entire world. There have been studies of patients on in-center hemodialysis (HD), but home dialysis population data are scarce. Our objective is to study the incidence and course of COVID-19 in a home dialysis unit (HDU) at the height of the pandemic. Methods: an observational, retrospective study enrolling all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the HDU of Hospital Universitario La Paz [La Paz University Hospital] (Madrid, Spain) between March 10 and May 15, 2020. We collected clinical data from the HDU (57 patients on peritoneal dialysis [PD] and 22 patients on home hemodialysis [HHD]) and compared the clinical characteristics and course of patients with and without COVID-19 infection. Results: twelve patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (9 PD; 3 HHD). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinical characteristics between patients with COVID-19 and the rest of the unit. The mean age was 62 ± 18.5 years; most were men (75%). All patients but one required hospitalization. Ten patients (83%) were discharged following a mean of 16.4 ± 9.7 days of hospitalization. Two patients were diagnosed while hospitalized for other conditions, and these were the only patients who died. Those who died were older than those who survived. Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 in our HDU in Madrid at the height of the pandemic was high, especially in patients on PD. No potential benefit for preventing the infection in patients on home dialysis was observed. Advanced age and nosocomial transmission were the main factors linked to a worse prognosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0211699520301661?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.09.002 id: cord-346281-sma6e891 author: Maldonado, Valente title: Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 5711.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt summary: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. 5 Overall, the rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19, which can help reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17 and increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression. The rheological, anti-inflammatory, and renin-angiotensin axis properties of PTX highlight this drug as a therapeutic treatment alternative for patients with COVID-19 by helping reduce the production of the inflammatory cytokines without deleterious effects on the immune system to delay viral clearance. Moreover, PTX can restore the balance of the immune response, reduce damage to the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, improve circulation, and prevent microvascular thrombosis. There is further evidence that PTX can improve ventilatory parameters. Therefore, we propose repositioning PTX in the treatment of COVID-19. The main advantage of repositioning PTX is that it is an affordable drug that is already available worldwide with an established safety profile, further offering the possibility of immediately analysing the result of its use and associated success rates. Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-α mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32540603/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109988 id: cord-344003-oul2hdyq author: Maleki Dana, Parisa title: An Insight into the Sex Differences in COVID-19 Patients: What are the Possible Causes? date: 2020-06-18 words: 2761.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344003-oul2hdyq.txt summary: Moreover, it is observed that men have a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease compared to women, highlighting the importance of disaggregated data of male and female COVID-19 patients. ACE2: angiotensin converting enzyme-2 ADAM-17: ADAM metallopeptidase domain-17 AR: androgen receptor CCL: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand cFT: calculated free testosterone CRP: C-reactive protein CXCL: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand E2: estradiol ESR: estrogen receptor ICU: intensive care unit IL: interleukin mACE2: myocardial angiotensin converting enzyme-2 NHBE: normal human bronchial epithelial RICU: respiratory intensive care unit sACE2: soluble angiotensin converting enzyme-2 SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus TMPRSS2: transmembrane serine protease-2 TT: total testosterone with the virus will die in comparison with men (1.7%/2.8%). Studies of COVID-19 patients have shown that men have a higher risk of developing to the severe form of the disease compared to women. abstract: Studies have reported a sex bias in case fatalities of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it is observed that men have a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease compared to women, highlighting the importance of disaggregated data of male and female COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, other factors (eg, hormonal levels and immune functions) also need to be addressed due to the effects of sex differences on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. An insight into the underlying causes of sex differences in COVID-19 patients may provide an opportunity for better care of the patients or prevention of the disease. The current study reviews the reports concerning with the sex differences in COVID-19 patients. It is explained how sex can affect angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), that is a key component for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and summarized the gender differences in immune responses and how sex hormones are involved in immune processes. Furthermore, the available data about the impact of sex hormones on the immune functions of COVID-19 cases are looked into. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32600476/ doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000837 id: cord-176636-wzuhnfwp author: Malhotra, Aakarsh title: Multi-Task Driven Explainable Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-08-03 words: 5069.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-176636-wzuhnfwp.txt summary: authors: Malhotra, Aakarsh; Mittal, Surbhi; Majumdar, Puspita; Chhabra, Saheb; Thakral, Kartik; Vatsa, Mayank; Singh, Richa; Chaudhury, Santanu; Pudrod, Ashwin; Agrawal, Anjali Fig. 1 shows samples of chest x-ray images with different lung abnormalities including COVID-19. In this research, we propose a deep learning network termed as COVID-19 Multi-Task Network (CMTNet), which learns the abnormalities present in the chest x-ray images to differ-entiate between a COVID-19 affected lung and a Non-COVID affected lung. The proposed CMTNet simultaneously processes the input X-ray for semantic lung segmentation, disease localization, and healthy/unhealthy classification. 1) Develop COVID-19 Multi-Task Network (CMTNet) for classification and segmentation of the lung and disease 1 regions. 5) Creating and publicly releasing manual annotations for lung semantic segmentation for healthy, unhealthy, and COVID-19 affected X-ray images. The four tasks of CMTNet are (i) lung localization, (ii) disease localization, (iii) healthy/unhealthy classification and (iv) multi-label classification for COVID-19 prediction. abstract: With increasing number of COVID-19 cases globally, all the countries are ramping up the testing numbers. While the RT-PCR kits are available in sufficient quantity in several countries, others are facing challenges with limited availability of testing kits and processing centers in remote areas. This has motivated researchers to find alternate methods of testing which are reliable, easily accessible and faster. Chest X-Ray is one of the modalities that is gaining acceptance as a screening modality. Towards this direction, the paper has two primary contributions. Firstly, we present the COVID-19 Multi-Task Network which is an automated end-to-end network for COVID-19 screening. The proposed network not only predicts whether the CXR has COVID-19 features present or not, it also performs semantic segmentation of the regions of interest to make the model explainable. Secondly, with the help of medical professionals, we manually annotate the lung regions of 9000 frontal chest radiographs taken from ChestXray-14, CheXpert and a consolidated COVID-19 dataset. Further, 200 chest radiographs pertaining to COVID-19 patients are also annotated for semantic segmentation. This database will be released to the research community. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03205v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-259331-hi6gyp52 author: Malhotra, Ajay title: COVID-19 Initial Impact on Radiology Practices: Survey from ACR/RBMA date: 2020-08-04 words: 2011.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259331-hi6gyp52.txt summary: Conclusions Radiology practices across different settings experienced substantial declines in imaging volumes and collections during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. Table 2 summarizes the responses regarding the expected speed and extent of recovery in imaging volumes, possible short-term surge due to postponed elective imaging, and adverse impact on practices. Respondents expecting a short-term surge due to postponed elective imaging was 58.3% for imaging centers, 56.0% for hospital-based organizations, 51.6% for mixed practices, and 63.7% for others/breast centers. [8] Recently, COVID-19 associated declines in imaging volumes were described for a single large health system in New York, the area hit hardest by the initial wave of COVID-19 cases, as well as a large University Hospital in Northern California.[1; 2] The survey shows similar results with estimated percentage decline from baseline in imaging volumes being greatest for imaging centers (63.7%), with smaller declines from hospital-based, mixed and other practices (56-58%). abstract: Abstract Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacted radiology practices in many ways. We aimed to estimate declines in imaging volumes and financial impact across different practice settings during April 2020. Methods The survey constituting 48 questions was conducted through members of the ACR and the Radiology Business Management Association (RBMA) during May 2020. Survey questions focused on practice demographics, volumes, financials, personnel and staff adjustments, and anticipation of recovery. Results During April 2020, nearly all radiology practices reported substantial (56.4-63.7%) declines in imaging volumes with outpatient imaging volumes most severely affected. Mean gross charges declined 50.1-54.8% and collections declined 46.4-53.9%. Percentage of reductions did not correlate with practice size. Majority of respondents believed that volumes would recover but not entirely (62-88%) and anticipated a short-term recovery, with a surge likely in the short-term due to postponement of elective imaging (52-64%). 15.6% reported that radiologists in their practices tested positive for COVID. Over half (52.3%) reported availability of personal protective equipment had become an issue or was inadequate. A majority (62.3%) reported that their practices had existing remote reading or teleradiology capabilities in place prior to the pandemic, and 22.3% developed such capabilities in response to the pandemic. Conclusions Radiology practices across different settings experienced substantial declines in imaging volumes and collections during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. Most are actively engaged in both short- and long-term operational adjustments. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1546144020308097 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.028 id: cord-312172-bkygtdeo author: Malhotra, Atul title: ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 words: 2115.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312172-bkygtdeo.txt summary: Metformin is a widely available anti-diabetic agent that has an excellent safety profile, and clinical and preclinical data suggest metformin may offer cardiopulmonary protection in COVID-19 via enhanced ACE2 expression. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-1 was found to decrease ACE2 expression after binding, and low levels of ACE2 have been implicated in various cardiovascular impairments and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Reddy et al., 2019) . Here, we discuss the rationale for metformin as a safe and currently available therapy that is known to increase ACE2 and may offer cardiopulmonary benefit in patients suffering from COVID-19. Beyond the potential cardiovascular benefits, several studies have suggested metformin may provide pulmonary protection following SARS-CoV-2 infection. If our hypothesis is supported by these studies, it would provide a strong foundation for rational investigations, including clinical trials, focused on metformin as a safe and immediately available treatment for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Effect of preadmission metformin use on clinical outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome among critically ill patients with diabetes abstract: COVID-19 is becoming a leading cause of mortality throughout the world, and few effective therapies are currently available. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is essential to COVID-19 pathogenesis, as the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) is required for viral entry and development of COVID-19. ACE2 regulates the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) that endows anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Preclinical data suggest ACE2 might be downregulated after SARS-CoV-2 binding, and treatments that increase ACE2 may prevent cardiopulmonary injury. Development, testing, and mass production of novel ACE2 therapies may take years, whereas more effective treatments for COVID-19 are needed urgently. Metformin is a widely available anti-diabetic agent that has an excellent safety profile, and clinical and preclinical data suggest metformin may offer cardiopulmonary protection in COVID-19 via enhanced ACE2 expression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818905/ doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101425 id: cord-349836-m9b65l75 author: Malhotra, C. title: Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-24 words: 1639.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt summary: Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. Results from our final model (Figure 1 ) showed that those with -more chronic conditions, living with children and a lower perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety, which was mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: medRxiv preprint outcomes due to COVID-19 to the general public to help people clearly understand their risks and steps they can take to minimize this risk. In conclusion, we find high anxiety among younger adults, those with chronic conditions, living with children and with low trust in the government response to control the outbreak. abstract: The uncertainty around coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has triggered anxiety among public. We aimed to assess the variation in anxiety and risk perceptions of COVID-19 among adults in Singapore. We administered a web-survey to a panel of residents between 31 March and 14 April 2020. We assessed anxiety using general anxiety disorder (GAD) scale and assessed participants risk perceptions regarding severity of the outbreak. Of the 1,017 participants, 23% reported moderate to severe anxiety (GAD score above 10). A high proportion reported perceived likelihood of ICU admission (46%) and death (30%) upon getting COVID-19. Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. These results highlight the need for management of anxiety through adequate and effective risk communication for the general public. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 id: cord-311682-npi03i7q author: Malicki, J title: Impact of COVID-19 on the performance of a radiation oncology department at a major comprehensive cancer centre in Poland during the first ten weeks of the epidemic date: 2020-08-16 words: 3217.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311682-npi03i7q.txt summary: Aim. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of precautionary measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of a radiation oncology departments and on mitigation the risk of COVID-19 contagion between and among patients and staff. Just over half of the radiotherapy patients (53.5%) treated at the GPCC reside in the city of Poznan or in one of the ten surrounding counties where COVID19 incidence was low and reached at the end of the study period cumulative number of cases n = 204. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of precautionary measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of a radiation oncology departments in given cancer centre in Poland. This observational study was performed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic-specifically, the precautionary measures implemented at our centre (Greater Poland Cancer Centre; GPCC)-on the clinical practice of radiation oncology at our centre. abstract: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus rapidly altered radiotherapy service delivery around the world. Aim. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of precautionary measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of a radiation oncology departments and on mitigation the risk of COVID-19 contagion between and among patients and staff. Methods. The study period was from March 15 until May 22, 2020. We evaluated total number of patients irradiated and those who initiated treatments, taking into account tumours localisations. We assessed the relationship of potential risk of contagion with patients’ domiciles locations in regions with high number of COVID19 case. Results and conclusions. The number of patients treated with radiotherapy during the study period decreased due to precautionary measures. After five weeks, the number of radiotherapy treatments began to increase. Just over half of the radiotherapy patients (53.5%) treated at the GPCC reside in the city of Poznan or in one of the ten surrounding counties where COVID19 incidence was low and reached at the end of the study period cumulative number of cases n = 204. The precautionary measures were effective qRT-PCR tests were performed in 1545 individuals (patients and hospital staff) revealing four staff members and none patient with a positive PCR result. Immunoglobulin testing was performed in 1132 individuals (patients and hospital staff). A total of 63 individuals were positive for antibodies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1507136720301097?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.001 id: cord-350325-vu8v9epr author: Malih, Narges title: Unexpected Presentation of COVID-19 in a 38-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report date: 2020-07-29 words: 1686.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350325-vu8v9epr.txt summary: We presently report the case of COVID-19 in a 38-year-old male who had come to the primary health care clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which specializes in the COVID-19 epidemic. The physical findings were maculopapular rash over his trunk, inguinal regions, and left arm, erythema of larynx with an aphthous lesion on left tonsil, he did not have a fever, and respiratory distress symptoms. We report a case of COVID-19 infection in Iran with pharyngeal swabs tested positive by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR Diagnostic Panel assay who had a maculopapular rash and aphthous lesion on the tonsil. A 38-year-old male, who had come to the primary health care clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which is specialized in the COVID-19 epidemic, with a chief complaint of a rash on the third day of his illness. Another study in Italy reported skin manifestation of COVID-19 patients in 16 out of 22 confirmed cases. abstract: We presently report the case of COVID-19 in a 38-year-old male who had come to the primary health care clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, which specializes in the COVID-19 epidemic. He reported having fatigue, myalgia, fever, rash, and loss of taste and smell. The physical findings were maculopapular rash over his trunk, inguinal regions, and left arm, erythema of larynx with an aphthous lesion on left tonsil, he did not have a fever, and respiratory distress symptoms. There were no changes regarding COVID-19 in the spiral lung CT scan. However, the result of PCR for COVID-19 RNA was positive. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509994 doi: 10.1159/000509994 id: cord-323794-p3zjxo1h author: Malik, A. A. title: Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the U.S. date: 2020-05-24 words: 3678.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323794-p3zjxo1h.txt summary: As COVID-19 vaccines are under development, public health officials and policymakers need to create strategic vaccine-acceptance messaging to effectively control the pandemic and prevent thousands of additional deaths. Methods: Using an online platform, we surveyed the U.S. adult population in May 2020 to understand risk perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, and trust in sources of information. The purpose of our study is to describe the current vaccine acceptance landscape with aims to 1) predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using regularly available demographic information, 2) identify the most vulnerable populations, and 3) provide information for public health officials and politicians to develop messaging for all Americans, while targeting communities most in need. The best model to predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in our survey using demographic information that is readily available had age, gender, race, and education as explanatory variables with an area under the curve (AUC) of 72% (table 2; figure 4 ). abstract: Background:The COVID-19 pandemic continues to adversely affect the U.S., which leads globally in total cases and deaths. As COVID-19 vaccines are under development, public health officials and policymakers need to create strategic vaccine-acceptance messaging to effectively control the pandemic and prevent thousands of additional deaths. Methods: Using an online platform, we surveyed the U.S. adult population in May 2020 to understand risk perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, and trust in sources of information. These factors were compared across basic demographics. Findings: Of the 672 participants surveyed, 450 (67%) said they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it is recommended for them. Males (72%), older adults ([≥]55 years; 78%), Asians (81%), and college and/or graduate degree holders (75%) were more likely to accept the vaccine. When comparing reported influenza vaccine uptake to reported acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine: 1) participants who did not complete high school had a very low influenza vaccine uptake (10%), while 60% of the same group said they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine; 2) unemployed participants reported lower influenza uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance when compared to those employed or retired; and, 3) black Americans reported lower influenza vaccine uptake and lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than nearly all other racial groups. Lastly, we identified geographic differences with Department of Health and Human Services regions 2 (New York) and 5 (Chicago) reporting less than 50 percent COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Interpretation: Although our study found a 67% acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic and geographical disparities in vaccine acceptance. Before a COVID-19 vaccine is introduced to the U.S., public health officials and policymakers must prioritize effective COVID-19 vaccine-acceptance messaging for all Americans, especially those who are most vulnerable. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20110700v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110700 id: cord-291581-oyhzot4z author: Malik, Fazila-Tun-Nesa title: Clinical Presentation, Management and In-Hospital Outcome of Healthcare Personnel With COVID-19 Disease date: 2020-08-24 words: 2771.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291581-oyhzot4z.txt summary: HCP employed in this hospital who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace were included in this study. Protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 are of particular importance for HCP in direct contact with patients suffering from COVID-19 in the ambulatory as well as hospital setting. The apparent higher rate of infection among HCP may be due to lack of awareness among staff, insufficient protective measures, social gatherings outside the workplace, or contact with known patients with COVID-19 in the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcome of COVID-19 among HCP with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms in a tertiary cardiac care hospital. From April 29 to July 20, 2020, HCP with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms or close contact with the patient at home or at the workplace in the last 10 days were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Objective Healthcare personnel (HCP) are undoubtedly one of the major frontline fighters in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that many HCP have become infected by COVID-19 globally. The infection of HCP has received great attention in social media and is frequently reported from different parts of the world. However, there are few scientific reports addressing this aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19 infection among the HCP of our setting. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute of Bangladesh from April 29 to July 20, 2020. HCP employed in this hospital who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms or came in close contact with COVID-19 patients at home or their workplace were included in this study. The presence of COVID-19 disease was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal samples. A total of 394 HCP were sampled and 139 had a positive corona test. Structured interviews were conducted to document symptoms for all HCP with confirmed COVID-19. Data analysis was performed in July 2020. Results Out of 1,409 HCP, 139 subjects tested positive for COVID-19. Among the HCP, infection rate was 9.86%. The mean age of the study population was 34.08±11.11 years (range: 20-69 yrs), of whom 82 (59%) were female. Most of this cohort were nurses (56 [40.3%]) and physicians (25 [18%]), and the remaining 58 (41.7%) were other staff. The mean duration of onset of symptoms to test was 2.89±2.07 days. The most common symptoms were fever (84.2%), fatigue (56.1%), cough (54%), body ache (39.6%), headache, and anosmia (38.8%). Most subjects had mild disease (125 [93%]), three (2.1%) of the HCP had moderate disease and one (0.7%) had severe disease. Ten of the HCP (7.2%) were asymptomatic. Most of them were treated either by ivermectin plus azithromycin or ivermectin plus doxycycline. Only 20 (14.4%) of the HCP were hospitalized, while others were treated either in home isolation (59.7%) or in institutional isolation (25.9%). Recovery was almost uneventful except one healthcare worker who died. Conclusion Most HCP had mild symptoms and a few of them were asymptomatic also. HCP with mild COVID-19 symptoms may be treated in home or institutional isolation. As they are a vulnerable group for infection, providing adequate protection to HCP is absolutely mandatory to safeguard them from this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10004 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10004 id: cord-035314-afngpddq author: Malik, Is-haq O title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis date: 2020-10-11 words: 1910.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035314-afngpddq.txt summary: We, therefore, present a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute renal failure caused by biopsy-proven collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Results of the renal biopsy performed ultimately revealed a pattern of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Acute renal failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with higher morbidity, mortality, need for renal replacement therapy and worse overall outcomes. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the leading causes of high-grade proteinuria with endstage renal disease (ESRD). [12] performed kidney biopsies on 17 patients with COVID 19 infection, of which 29% had collapsing FSGS as the primary diagnosis for acute kidney injury. In conclusion, collapsing FSGS is an under-recognized cause for renal failure associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. There should be a low threshold to suspect collapsing FSGS in patients with high-grade proteinuria, acute kidney injury, African descent and nephrotic syndrome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome affecting adults and children. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), one of five histologic variants of FSGS is described as segmental or global collapse and sclerosis of the glomerular tufts and has been frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Its association with other viral and non-viral causes, medications and other disease states has since been established. Due to its resistance to therapy, rapid progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and overall poorer prognosis, identification with electron microscopy examination of the kidney biopsy sample is required during evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657311/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10898 id: cord-266916-flskltdf author: Malik, Jahanzeb title: Paying in Blood: A Case of Thrombocytopenia in Covid-19 date: 2020-08-16 words: 1042.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266916-flskltdf.txt summary: Infection with COVID-19 typically presents with fever and upper respiratory symptoms like cough and dyspnea. A small proportion of mildly symptomatic patients present with atypical symptoms like diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, or bleeding tendencies [4] . We present a case of COVID-19, diagnosed with an isolated thrombocytopenia. Such studies state that decreasing trend of platelets confer a grave prognosis of COVID-19 infection and lead to a severe disease [8] . There is only one case report published recently on idiopathic COVID-19 associated thrombocytopenia [11] . Our patient was also mildly symptomatic and after ruling out all major causes of decreased platelets, it was postulated to be associated with the virus. Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A meta-analysis Thrombocytopenia is independently associated with poor outcome in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: a case report abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily involves the respiratory system. Consumptive coagulopathy is seen in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure (MOF). Usually, only severely sick patients develop mild thrombocytopenia. We present a case of mildly symptomatic young adult, presenting with severe thrombocytopenia. She responded well to corticosteroids. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953307/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9791 id: cord-285223-07o9irev author: Malik, Usman Rashid title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-02 words: 4795.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285223-07o9irev.txt summary: title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals on COVID-19 and Risk Assessment to Prevent the Epidemic Spread: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Punjab, Pakistan A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Avoiding cross-infection from patients along with effective care delivery can be achieved if the healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other medical staff, have sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude, and better practices about COVID-19. A recent study reported the deficiencies in the awareness and preparedness of medical professionals regarding COVID-19 in Pakistan and demonstrated that frontline health workers were not well-prepared to prevent and control the infection [14] . A cross-sectional study to examine the knowledge, attitude, practices, and risk assessment of HCPs regarding coronavirus and its associated disease (COVID-19) was conducted. abstract: In the current outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a primary role in combating the epidemic threat. HCPs are at high risk of not only contracting the infection but also spreading it unknowingly. It is of utmost importance to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and the ability to assess the risks associated with the outbreak. A cross-sectional online survey involving physicians, pharmacists, and nurses was conducted. A 39-itemed questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO)COVID-19 risk assessment tool was shared with healthcare professionals in three purposively selected key divisions of Punjab province. Out of 500 healthcare professionals, 385 responded to the survey. The majority (70%) were aged 22–29 years; 144 (37.4%) physicians, 113 (29.4%) nurses, and 128 (33.2%) pharmacists completed the survey. Overall, 94.8% of healthcare professionals scored adequately (>14) for COVID-19-related knowledge; 97.9% displayed an optimistic attitude (>42) and 94.5% had an adequate practice score (>28). Kruskal–Wallis and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in KAP and risk assessment scores among groups; physicians and nurses scored higher as compared to pharmacists. Further research and follow-up investigations on disaster management and risk assessment can help policy-makers better tackle future epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32887410/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176395 id: cord-293481-bmfj50fb author: Malin, Jakob J. title: Remdesivir against COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases date: 2020-10-14 words: 9097.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293481-bmfj50fb.txt summary: Remdesivir or GS-5734 is a prodrug of a nucleoside analog with direct antiviral activity against several single-stranded RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Recently, preliminary data from a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial showed that remdesivir reduces the time to recovery in patients with COVID-19 (5) , leading to an emergency-use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only 2 days after the first press release from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (6) . There were strong arguments for the antiviral effect of remdesivir against coronaviruses emerging from multiple cell-based in vitro models, including primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures (25) , and, for MERS-CoV, from a mouse model of pulmonary infection (28) . After the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in January 2020, remdesivir was rapidly tested in a Vero E6 cell-based model that made use of direct viral quantification by rtPCR along with the antimalaria and immune-modulating drug chloroquine and known antivirals such as ribavirin and penciclovir. abstract: Patients and physicians worldwide are facing tremendous health care hazards that are caused by the ongoing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel nucleoside analog with a broad antiviral activity spectrum among RNA viruses, including ebolavirus (EBOV) and the respiratory pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. First described in 2016, the drug was derived from an antiviral library of small molecules intended to target emerging pathogenic RNA viruses. In vivo, remdesivir showed therapeutic and prophylactic effects in animal models of EBOV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the substance failed in a clinical trial on ebolavirus disease (EVD), where it was inferior to investigational monoclonal antibodies in an interim analysis. As there was no placebo control in this study, no conclusions on its efficacy in EVD can be made. In contrast, data from a placebo-controlled trial show beneficial effects for patients with COVID-19. Remdesivir reduces the time to recovery of hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen and may have a positive impact on mortality outcomes while having a favorable safety profile. Although this is an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19, approval of this drug will not be sufficient to solve the public health issues caused by the ongoing pandemic. Further scientific efforts are needed to evaluate the full potential of nucleoside analogs as treatment or prophylaxis of viral respiratory infections and to develop effective antivirals that are orally bioavailable. url: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00162-20 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00162-20 id: cord-341814-poqni6ma author: Malin, Jakob J. title: DGI recommendations for COVID-19 pharmacotherapy date: 2020-10-19 words: 798.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341814-poqni6ma.txt summary: There are no clinical data on combination therapy with remdesivir and dexamethasone available CI confidence interval a Current evidence supporting the use of remdesivir in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 (no oxygen therapy required) [1] is insufficient b Off-label-use based upon preliminary results from the RECOVERY trial [2] c Reduced 28-day-mortality by one-fifth in patients that require oxygen therapy (in this study oxygen saturation 92-94% on room air) without invasive ventilation [23.3% vs. 26.2%; rate ratio (RR) 0.82 (95% CI 0.72-0.94)] [2] d The clinical benefit of dexamethasone demonstrated in the RECOVERY trial was plainest in patients being treated after 7 days from symptom onset [2] e Conditional European authorization for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (≥ 12 years, weighing ≥ 40 kg) that require oxygen support and have an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 30 ml/min [3] ; When applied, close monitoring of biochemical markers for organ toxicity (in particular hepatotoxicity) is mandatory. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33074366/ doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01519-z id: cord-333162-gwmvsoru author: Malki, Zohair title: Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches date: 2020-07-17 words: 942.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333162-gwmvsoru.txt summary: title: Association between Weather Data and COVID-19 Pandemic Predicting Mortality Rate: Machine Learning Approaches In this work, various regressor machine learning models are proposed to extract the relationship between different factors and the spreading rate of COVID-19. The machine learning algorithms employed in this work estimate the impact of weather variables such as temperature and humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 by extracting the relationship between the number of confirmed cases and the weather variables on certain regions. Thus, from this result, we can conclude that temperature and humidity are important features for predicting COVID-19 mortality rate. For Italy, regions 33 with a temperature higher than 15 degrees Celsius and 34 75% humidity have less spread of COVID-19 cases. Temperature and latitude 554 analysis to predict potential spread and seasonality for COVID-555 19 Temperature, population and longitu-571 dinal analysis to predict potential spread for COVID-19 abstract: Nowadays, a significant number of infectious diseases such as human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are threatening the world by spreading at an alarming rate. Some of the literatures pointed out that the pandemic is exhibiting seasonal patterns in its spread, incidence and nature of the distribution. In connection to the spread and distribution of the infection, scientific analysis that answers the questions whether the next summer can save people from COVID-19 is required. Many researchers have been exclusively asked whether high temperature during summer can slow down the spread of the COVID-19 as it has with other seasonal flues. Since there are a lot of questions that are unanswered right now, and many mysteries aspects about the COVID-19 that is still unknown to us, in-depth study and analysis of associated weather features are required. Moreover, understanding the nature of COVID-19 and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 request more investigation of the real effect of weather variables on the transmission of the COVID-19 among people. In this work, various regressor machine learning models are proposed to extract the relationship between different factors and the spreading rate of COVID-19. The machine learning algorithms employed in this work estimate the impact of weather variables such as temperature and humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 by extracting the relationship between the number of confirmed cases and the weather variables on certain regions. To validate the proposed method, we have collected the required datasets related to weather and census features and necessary prepossessing is carried out. From the experimental results, it is shown that the weather variables are more relevant in predicting the mortality rate when compared to the other census variables such as population, age, and urbanization. Thus, from this result, we can conclude that temperature and humidity are important features for predicting COVID-19 mortality rate. Moreover, it is indicated that the higher the value of temperature the lower number of infection cases. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920305336?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110137 id: cord-270866-olc5r2yx author: Mallet, Jasmina title: Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review date: 2020-08-12 words: 6839.0 sentences: 392.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270866-olc5r2yx.txt summary: RESULTS: Overall, pathophysiological data showed an increased risk of infections for individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and a possible protective role of nicotine. An electronic search was conducted in Medline (PubMed interface), using the MESH (Medical Subject Headings) search terms ("coronavirus 2019" OR "COVID-19" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2") AND "substance use" OR "SUD" OR "tobacco smoking" OR "cigarette "OR "smoking" OR "nicotine" / "alcohol" / "cannabis" OR "THC" /"opiates" OR "opioid"; between 2019 and the present time (i.e., June 4, 2020), with language restriction (English or French). Heavy alcohol use (assessed several years before) was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or COVID-19 related hospitalization (OR=1.12 (0.93-1.35)). Finally, as all past economic crises were associated with increased long-term alcohol-related problems (especially for men and low socio-economic strata) (de Goeij et al., 2015) , we might expect important effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the next decade. Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, an up-to-date review of current challenges in addictions is necessary. While large scale disasters may have an impact on substance use and addictions, the use of some substances is also likely to modify the risk of COVID-19 infection or course. Many countries have imposed lockdowns. Whether this quarantine or the end of lockdown measures will have an impact on substance use is discussed. The aim of this review is to gather knowledge for clinicians and to guide public health policies during/after lockdown. METHODS: PubMed was reviewed in August 6th (2020), to determine the current evidences and observations concerning the addictions and SARS-CoV2. We used all the names of the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2 previously 2019 nCoV), the name of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and common substances of abuse. For the physiopathological parts, searches were conducted using key words such as “infection” or “pneumonia”. For the lockdown effects, key words such as “quarantine”, “disaster” or “outbreak” were used. RESULTS: Overall, pathophysiological data showed an increased risk of infections for individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and a possible protective role of nicotine. During lockdown, there is a substantial risk of increasing SUDs. Individuals with opioid use disorder are particularly at risk of relapse or of involuntary withdrawal. After lockdown, increase of use may be observed as far as years after. Individuals with addictions are at higher risk of multimorbidity and mortality during COVID outbreak. CONCLUSION: This review describes useful strategies in clinical practice, including a systematic assessment of addiction comorbidity during this almost worldwide lockdown/pandemic. This review also highlights important areas for future research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32800868/ doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110070 id: cord-299465-c7ki3061 author: Mallow, P. J. title: When Second Best Might be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 words: 1672.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299465-c7ki3061.txt summary: The novel coronavirus'' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14" was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. However, given the sample bias reflected in prioritized testing and asymptomatic transmission, we propose that COVID-19 hospitalizations combined with a capacity measure offer the best approach to measuring trends in COVID-19 infections. However they do not A 7-day moving average was calculated by adding the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients over each seven-day window and dividing by the time period. The number COVID-19 occupied hospital beds is shown from January 7 to May 11, 2020 with the 7-day moving average. The number daily COVID-19 hospitalizations are shown from January 7 to May 11, 2020 with the 7-day moving average. abstract: The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. We proposed the use of hospitalizations and hospital utilization data to monitor the spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14" was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. The state of Ohio was chosen to illustrate this threshold. While not the ideal solution for monitoring the spread of the epidemic, the proposed approach is an easy to implement framework accounting for limitations of the data inherent in the current epidemic. Hospital administrators and policy makers may benefit from incorporating this approach into their decision making. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098475 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20098475 id: cord-346329-xwbtftju author: Mallow, Peter J. title: When Second Best Might Be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 words: 2053.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346329-xwbtftju.txt summary: The novel coronavirus'' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. The prioritization of limited COVID-19 tests based on CDC guidance emphasized healthcare workers first and those suspectible to the disease second, potentially increasing the spread of the novel coronavirus among those most at risk (18) . The combination of widespread community transmission and lack of testing kits prevented us from having a clear understanding of the novel coronavirus spread, including those most at risk for requiring intensive care. In the absence of wide spread testing prior to or at the initial onset of the epidemic, hospitalizations and hospital utilization become the second-best indicator to monitor the severity and progression of the novel coronavirus. Our threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14, " provided a conservative threshold for informing public policy decisions, such as access to healthcare services, regarding the novel coronavirus pandemic. abstract: The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. We proposed the use of hospitalizations and hospital utilization data to monitor the spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, “7&14” was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. The state of Ohio was chosen to illustrate this threshold. While not the ideal solution for monitoring the spread of the epidemic, the proposed approach is an easy to implement framework accounting for limitations of the data inherent in the current epidemic. Hospital administrators and policy makers may benefit from incorporating this approach into their decision making. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00348 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00348 id: cord-291624-fod0eyuj author: Malone, Robert W. title: COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms date: 2020-06-22 words: 6496.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291624-fod0eyuj.txt summary: We propose that the principal famotidine mechanism of action for COVID-19 involves on-target histamine receptor H (2) activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. Patients with COVID-19 disease can present with a range of mild to severe non-speci c clinical signs and symptoms which develop two to fourteen days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The most likely mechanisms of actions include: via antiviral activity, via novel human targets, or via the on-target mechanism described in the current FDA market authorization-famotidine is a histamine receptor H 2 antagonist (and inverse agonist). To assess the possibility that famotidine may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by other routes, a Vero E6 cell-based assay was performed to compare median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50/mL) of famotidine, remdesivir, and hydroxychloroquine ( Figure 2 ). In both of these studies, the observed non-in ammatory edema in early-stage COVID-19 pulmonary disease is consistent with histamine release by mast cells. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for COVID-19, but many signs and symptoms of COVID-19 differ from common acute viral diseases. Currently, there are no pre- or post-exposure prophylactic COVID-19 medical countermeasures. Clinical data suggest that famotidine may mitigate COVID-19 disease, but both mechanism of action and rationale for dose selection remain obscure. We explore several plausible avenues of activity including antiviral and host-mediated actions. We propose that the principal famotidine mechanism of action for COVID-19 involves on-target histamine receptor H (2) activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-30934/v2 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-30934/v2 id: cord-345184-0otbz5xo author: Mamani, Percy G Ruiz title: Propiedades de una escala de preocupación por el COVID-19: Análisis exploratorio en una muestra peruana date: 2020-07-09 words: 1960.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345184-0otbz5xo.txt summary: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de preocupación por el . Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar o adaptar instrumentos para evaluar la preocupación de las personas ante la posibilidad de enfermarse de COVID-19, de modo que puedan ser utilizados en nuevos estudios que proporcionen mayor conocimiento del problema y así realizar acciones que contribuyan en la salud mental de la población. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala unidimensional de preocupación por el COVID-19 (EPCov-19). Los resultados del AFE son similares a los que se reportaron en el estudio de validación de la escala de preocupación por el cáncer (EPC), versión española [6] . Las limitaciones de este estudio se enfocan en la ausencia del análisis de validez de contenido, porque solo se adaptaron los 6 ítems de la EPC (con validez de contenido) al contexto del COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Objective: Concern about getting sick could help prevent disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a COVID-19 concern scale (EPCov-19). Materials and methods: This is an instrument-based study and information was collected from 224 people of Peruvian nationality in the context of social isolation. The items of the Cancer Concern Scale (CCS) were adapted for this study. Results: A scale with satisfactory psychometric properties was obtained. With a matrix of polychoric correlations, values higher than the standard were obtained in all 6 items (r > 0.3) and the reliability was acceptable (α = 0.866; 95% CI = 0.83 - 0.89). Parallel analysis suggested unidimensionality of the EPCov-19, the variance explained was 79.7% and saturations were higher than 0.4. Goodness-of-fit indices were satisfactory (CFI=0.995; GFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.991; and RMSEA = 0.059, 95% CI = 0.012 - 0.077). Conclusions: This is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring concern about the spread of COVID-19 and can be used in future studies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025775320304450 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.022 id: cord-130351-w9mij6c6 author: Mamidala, Estari title: In silico identification of clinically approved medicines against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of covid-19 date: 2020-04-25 words: 2676.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-130351-w9mij6c6.txt summary: In the present study, we report the potential inhibitory activity of some FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by molecular docking study to investigate their binding affinity in protease active site. Docking studies revealed that drug Oseltamivir (anti-H1N1 drug), Rifampin (anti-TB drug), Maraviroc, Etravirine, Indinavir, Rilpivirine (anti-HIV drugs) and Atovaquone, Quinidine, Halofantrine, Amodiaquine, Tetracylcine, Azithromycin, hydroxycholoroquine (anti-malarial drugs) among others binds in the active site of the protease with similar or higher affinity. 11 The free energy (DG) binding of SARS-CoV-2 viral protease with the selected FDA approved drugs was created by means of this molecular docking package. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, two FDA approved drugs docked with SARS-CoV-2 main protease and obtained binding energy is −7.39 kcal/mol and -3.88 kcal/mol respectively (Table-2 Figure 2 ). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered by SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide health disaster. Main protease is an attractive drug target among coronaviruses, due to its vital role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. There is presently no exact drug or treatment for this diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we report the potential inhibitory activity of some FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease by molecular docking study to investigate their binding affinity in protease active site. Docking studies revealed that drug Oseltamivir (anti-H1N1 drug), Rifampin (anti-TB drug), Maraviroc, Etravirine, Indinavir, Rilpivirine (anti-HIV drugs) and Atovaquone, Quinidine, Halofantrine, Amodiaquine, Tetracylcine, Azithromycin, hydroxycholoroquine (anti-malarial drugs) among others binds in the active site of the protease with similar or higher affinity. However, the in-silico abilities of the drug molecules tested in this study, further needs to be validated by carrying out in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, this study spreads the potential use of current drugs to be considered and used to comprise the fast expanding SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12055v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-293186-yxpkqbey author: Mamo, Yitagesu title: Perception Toward Quarantine for COVID-19 Among Adult Residents of Selected Towns in Southwest Ethiopia date: 2020-10-30 words: 4591.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293186-yxpkqbey.txt summary: The aim of this study was to assess public perceptions toward quarantine for COVID-19 and associated factors among adult residents of selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. 3 A broad range of public health strategy would be employed against a pandemic disease like COVID-19, from relatively innocuous techniques, such as disease surveillance and hygienic measures, to considerably more restrictive interventions, such as social distancing, travel restrictions, quarantine, and case isolation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess community perception toward quarantine for COVID-19 and associated factors among adult residents of selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. After controlling possible confounding variables in multiple linear regression, having training on COVID-19, educational status, occupation, knowledge of COVID-19, and knowledge of quarantine were significantly associated with perception toward quarantine. According to this study, having training on COVID-19 was positively associated with perception toward quarantine. The finding from this study also revealed that knowledge of COVID-19 was associated with more positive perception of quarantine. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by a transmissible respiratory virus, SARS-Cov-2. Because it is a novel pathogen, limited information is available to characterize the spectrum of clinical illness, transmission efficiency, and the duration of viral shedding for patients with COVID-19. Quarantine is an important component of a multilayered strategy to prevent sustained spread of COVID-19 everywhere. The aim of this study was to assess public perceptions toward quarantine for COVID-19 and associated factors among adult residents of selected towns in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 15 June 2020 among adult residents of selected towns in south west Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was used to select 844 participants. A structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe different variables. Multiple linear regression was carried out to determine the predictors of outcome variables. In multiple linear regression, variables with p-value <0.05 were taken as statistically significant association with community perception toward quarantine. RESULTS: The total of 816 study participants were interviewed from which 450 (55.1%) were male. The median age of respondents was 30 years. Four hundred and twenty-seven (52.3%) of the respondents have a positive perception toward quarantine. Factors associated with perception toward quarantine were having training on COVID-19 (β=2.76, p=0.005), educational status of secondary (β=2.73, p=0.001), educational status to above secondary (β=2.24, p=0.011), occupational status of merchant (β=1.73, p=0.020), and knowledge of COVID-19 (β=0.23, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Only 52.3% of the respondents have a positive perception toward quarantine. Having training on COVID-19, educational status of secondary and above, being a merchant, knowledge of COVID-19 and knowledge of quarantine were significantly associated with a positive perception toward quarantine. Concerned bodies should work on enhancing the awareness of the community through information education and communication/behavior changing communication materials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154661/ doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s277273 id: cord-340027-6l55rcfm author: Mamode Khan, Naushad title: Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications date: 2020-07-10 words: 3627.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340027-6l55rcfm.txt summary: This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The paper therefore proposes an integer-valued auto-regressive model (INAR(1)) with Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COM-Poisson) mixed innovation terms that can accommodate for covariate, random effect and serial auto-correlation specifications. The organization of the paper is as follows: In Section 2, material in terms of time series of COVID-19 in Mauritius and proposed methods principally the INAR(1) Process and the COM-Poisson mixture innovations have been provided. The results of this research revealed that several factors, the most significant being confinement measure, and least one being climatic conditions, affect the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. abstract: Mauritius stands as one of the few countries in the world to have controlled the current pandemic, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to a significant extent in a relatively short lapse of time. Owing to uncertainties and crisis amid the pandemic, as an emergency announcement, the World Health Organization (WHO) solicits the help of health authorities, especially, researchers to conduct in-depth research on the evolution and treatment of COVID-19. This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. In this set-up, sanitary curfew followed by sanitization and sensitization campaigns, time factor and safe shopping guidelines have been tested as the most significant variables, unlike climatic conditions. The over-dispersion estimates and the serial auto-correlation parameter are also statistically significant. This study also confirms the presence of some unobservable effects like the pathological genesis of the novel coronavirus and environmental factors which contribute to rapid propagation of the zoonotic virus in the community. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The forecasting results provide satisfactory mean squared errors. Such findings will subsequently encourage the policymakers to implement strict precautionary measures in terms of constant upgrading of the current health care and wellness system and re-enforcement of sanitary obligations. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235730 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235730 id: cord-258126-8ityzjjh author: Mamun, Mohammed A. title: COVID-19 suicides in Pakistan, dying off not COVID-19 fear but poverty? – The forthcoming economic challenges for a developing country date: 2020-05-11 words: 1488.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258126-8ityzjjh.txt summary: Besides, another non-representative study utilizing only 7-cases claims that the global COVID-19 suicide risk factors to be -(i) social isolation and distancing, (ii) economic recession, (iii) mental problems among healthcare professional, and (iv) social boycott and discrimination etc. Like the previous retrospective suicide researches conducted in the Pakistan''s neighborhood south Asian countries (e.g., India, Armstrong et al., 2019; Bangladesh, Mamun et al., 2020a, b) where the national suicide database is unavailable, the present study followed the methods of extracting suicide data from press reports. Although previous case studies from the Pakistan neighborhood countries, such as in Bangladesh and in India, COVID-19 suicides are reported to be due to fear of infection and social boycott (Goyal et al., 2020; Mamun & Griffiths, 2020) . Despite the limitations, the present study by reporting all the available Pakistani COVID-19 suicide cases, provides a novel data on lockdown-related economic crisis and recession that has not studied elsewhere. abstract: • Suicide increment during and afterwards a pandemic is highly common. • This study reports COVID-19 suicide cases in Pakistan for the first time. • Most of the suicides occur due to lockdown-related economic recession. • Fear of infection is the second suicide contributing factor. • Lockdown-related unemployment aggravates the life-threatening situation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120308618 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.028 id: cord-297157-16ciqu9w author: Mamun, Mohammed A. title: First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies date: 2020-04-07 words: 1169.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297157-16ciqu9w.txt summary: Like previous epidemics and pandemics, the unpredictable consequences and uncertainty surrounding public safety, as well as misinformation about COVID-19 (particularly on social media) can often impact individuals'' mental health including depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress (Cheung et al., 2008; Zandifar and Badrfam, 2020) . We would also suggest the following to the general public: (i) avoid unreliable and non-credible news and information sources (such as that on social media and what neighbors say) to reduce fear and panic surrounding COVID-19, (ii) help individuals with known mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety) in appropriate ways such as consultation with healthcare professionals using telemedicine (i.e., online interventions) where possible, (iii) offer support and signposting for individuals displaying pre-suicidal behavior (i.e., talking about death and dying, expressing feelings of being hopeless and/or helpless, feeling like they are a burden or that they are trapped), (iv) offer basic help (e.g., foods, medicines) to those most in need during lock-down situations (Suicide Awareness Voices of Education, 2020; Yao et al., 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32278889/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073 id: cord-273493-xsroivzj author: Manalo, Iviensan F. title: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis date: 2020-04-10 words: 466.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273493-xsroivzj.txt summary: title: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis We present two cases of transient unilateral livedo reticularis (LR) in COVID-19-positive non-ICU subjects to bring awareness to a dermatologic manifestation. Seven days into his symptoms, he noted a transient non-pruritic blanching unilateral livedoid patch on the right anterior thigh resembling LR ( Figure 1 ). Ten days after testing positive, and with complete clinical convalescence of COVID-19 symptoms, she was sitting outside in long pants under direct sunlight for approximately 20-30 minutes. The rash lasted approximately 20 minutes and did not recur upon re-challenge with sun exposure the following day. 3 We hypothesize that the microthromboses that manifest in other organs (e.g. cardiopulmonary) 4 for 20 minutes; and did not recur upon rechallenge with re-exposure to the sunlight the next day. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0190962220305582 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.018 id: cord-035312-xh7oomcg author: Mandal, Amit K.J. title: In situ immune-mediated pulmonary artery thrombosis and Covid-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-11-11 words: 785.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035312-xh7oomcg.txt summary: Their findings demonstrated that in patients with Covid-19 and a clinical suspicion for pulmonary embolus (PE), more than one-third of computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) studies were found positive for PE compared to the yield of inpatient CTPA prior to the pandemic at 12 to 17%. Distribution of thrombosis correlated with pattern of consolidation observed on CTPA in 9 (60%) patients, the majority being peripheral or subsegmental (N = 14, 93%) and only 1 central artery occlusion. In situ immune-mediated pulmonary thrombosis within the context of Covid-19 is a preferred nomenclature and this is clearly a contributory factor to the pathogenesis of T1RF which often requires respiratory support. Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of COVID-19 associated acute pulmonary embolism: a different phenotype of thrombotic disease? Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: Clinical characteristics and cardiac implications The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657098/ doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.11.006 id: cord-349439-3z0b77r5 author: Mandal, Amitabha title: A Systematic Review on Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients: Current Guidelines and Safety Measures date: 2020-09-28 words: 2494.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349439-3z0b77r5.txt summary: As Surgeons we often required to examine and perform procedures in head and neck patients and are in high risk of exposure to aerosol and droplet contamination. In this review various international guidelines and sources were put together, and we aim to summarize in a systematic way the available recommendations: indications, timing, technique and safety measures for tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients, from all over the world. It is therefore of utmost importance to focus equally on both patient''s and health care team''s well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic that minimize risk of viral exposure. The tracheostomy may not always be life saving as all those require the procedure may not survive but it comes at the cost of risk of infection to the health care staff and relative of the patient. Guidance for health care workers performing aerosol generating medical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: At this moment the world is fighting with COVID-19 pandemic. Because of increasing number of critical cases, the ICU admissions are also increasing and overwhelming the hospital. These group of patients often required Tracheostomy for proper management and ventilation. As Surgeons we often required to examine and perform procedures in head and neck patients and are in high risk of exposure to aerosol and droplet contamination. We did a literature search for research regarding tracheostomy and its post procedure care during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this review various international guidelines and sources were put together, and we aim to summarize in a systematic way the available recommendations: indications, timing, technique and safety measures for tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients, from all over the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014752/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02152-w id: cord-268085-vpzrk8u7 author: Mandal, Amrendra title: Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection and Its Practical Applications date: 2020-06-21 words: 3106.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268085-vpzrk8u7.txt summary: This outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is also commonly known as COVID-19. We reviewed the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing liver diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. This article aims to review the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing digestive diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis B virus co-infection Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme Abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. abstract: The latest novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China, is a significant cause of the pandemic. This outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is also commonly known as COVID-19. A typical symptom includes cough and fever, but a considerable number of patients can manifest gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, which can be the initial presentations and may or may not present with respiratory symptoms or fever. COVID-19 virus may be present in stool samples of patients infected with COVID-19, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a receptor for this virus, which is substantially present in GI epithelial cells. The wide availability of this receptor facilitates COVID-19 infection to be proactive and multiply in the GI tract. Although no antiviral treatments have been approved, several approaches have been proposed, and at present, optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. Elective endoscopic procedures should be delayed, but the urgent procedures should be performed as indicated. Due to the rapidly evolving data on COVID-19, it is difficult to keep up with the outpouring of information. We reviewed the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing liver diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32714688/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8750 id: cord-291227-dgjieg7t author: Mandal, Manotosh title: A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control date: 2020-05-13 words: 3251.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291227-dgjieg7t.txt summary: authors: Mandal, Manotosh; Jana, Soovoojeet; Nandi, Swapan Kumar; Khatua, Anupam; Adak, Sayani; Kar, T.K. title: A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans. A theoretical study on mathematical modeling of an 578 infectious disease with application of optimal control Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a 591 mathematical modelling study. abstract: As there is no vaccination and proper medicine for treatment, the recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has drawn attention to the strategies of quarantine and other governmental measures, like lockdown, media coverage on social isolation, and improvement of public hygiene, etc to control the disease. The mathematical model can help when these intervention measures are the best strategies for disease control as well as how they might affect the disease dynamics. Motivated by this, in this article, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a quarantine class and governmental intervention measures to mitigate disease transmission. We study a thorough dynamical behavior of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. To lessen the infected individuals as well as to minimize the cost of implementing government control measures, we formulate an optimal control problem, and optimal control is determined. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109889 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109889 id: cord-293655-2ab7wdsk author: Mandic-Rajcevic, S. title: Contact tracing and isolation of asymptomatic spreaders to successfully control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers in Milan (Italy) date: 2020-05-08 words: 6602.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293655-2ab7wdsk.txt summary: Objective To study the source, symptoms, and duration of infection, preventive measures, contact tracing and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic among healthcare workers (HCW) in 2 large hospitals and 40 external healthcare services in Milan (Italy) to propose effective measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers. Most prominent symptoms include fever, dry cough, headache, sore throat and sneezing, although a growing number of reports underline asymptomatic and patients with mild symptoms having the same viral load as symptomatic patients and spreading the infection in the general population and among healthcare workers (HCW) (2) (3) (4) (5) . A much smaller sample of workers (N=10), commonly found among close contacts but absent from the hospital for other reasons, reported their daily symptoms even in the days leading to the positive NF swab. abstract: Objective To study the source, symptoms, and duration of infection, preventive measures, contact tracing and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 epidemic among healthcare workers (HCW) in 2 large hospitals and 40 external healthcare services in Milan (Italy) to propose effective measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic among healthcare workers. Design Epidemiological observational study. Setting Two large hospitals and 40 territorial healthcare units, with a total of 5700 workers. Participants 143 HCWs with a SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal (NF) swab in a population made of 5,700 HCWs. Main outcome measures Clinical data on the history of exposure, contacts inside and outside of the hospital, NF swab dates and results. A daily online self-reported case report form consisting of the morning and evening body temperature and 11 other symptoms (cough, dyspnoea, discomfort, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, anosmia, dysgeusia, conjunctival hyperaemia). Results Most workers were tested and found positive due to a close contact with a positive colleague (49%), followed by worker-initiated testing due to symptoms (and unknown contact, 28%), and a SARS-CoV-2 positive member of the family (9.8%). 10% of NF swabs performed in the framework of contact tracing resulted positive, compared to only 2.6% through random testing. The first (index) case caused a cluster of 7 positive HCWs discovered through contact tracing and testing of 250 asymptomatic HCWs. HCWs rarely reported symptoms of a respiratory infection, and up to 90% were asymptomatic or with mild symptoms in the days surrounding the positive NF swab. During the 15-day follow-up period, up to 40% of HCWs reported anosmia and dysgeusia/ageusia as moderate or heavy, more frequently than any other symptom. The time necessary for 95% of HCWs to be considered cured (between the positive and two negative NF swabs) was 30 days. Conclusion HCWs represent the main source of infection in healthcare institutions, 90% are asymptomatic or with symptoms not common in a respiratory infection. The time needed to overcome the infection in 95% of workers was 30 days. Contact tracing allows identifying asymptomatic workers which would spread SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital and is a more successful strategy than random testing. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20082818 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20082818 id: cord-285829-adz819gj author: Maneenop, Sakkakom title: The impacts of COVID-19 on the global airline industry:An event study approach date: 2020-08-27 words: 3035.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285829-adz819gj.txt summary: This study examines the short-term impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on 52 listed airline companies around the world by using event study methodology. The results demonstrate that airline stock returns declined more significantly than the market returns after three major COVID-19 announcements were made. We employ event study methodology in order to investigate the impact of official press releases on airline stock returns. Event study suggested by Fama, Fisher, Jensen, and Roll (1969) is the main methodology employed in this research, which is a common methodology in the economic and finance literature to investigate the impact of new information arrival from a particular event on stock prices. The results imply time-varying behaviors of the participants in stock markets in the global airline industry. Negative or positive ‫ܴܣܥ‬ ,(௧ భ ,௧ మ ) implies that stock prices deviate from their fair value during the examined period when the market responds to the new information. abstract: This study examines the short-term impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on 52 listed airline companies around the world by using event study methodology. The results demonstrate that airline stock returns declined more significantly than the market returns after three major COVID-19 announcements were made. Overall, traders reacted differently during the three selected events. The strongest overreaction was noted in the post-event periods of the World Health Organization's and President Trump's official announcements. Moreover, the findings confirm that traders in western countries are more responsive to recent information than those in Asian countries. The findings call for immediate policy designs in order to protect the airline industry around the globe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874021/ doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101920 id: cord-288836-bygcyxpz author: Manes, Gianpiero title: Planning Phase Two for Endoscopic Units in Northern Italy after the COVID-19 lockdown: an exit strategy with a lot of critical issues and a few opportunities date: 2020-06-19 words: 2156.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288836-bygcyxpz.txt summary: We conducted a survey among the Directors of EDs in high-risk areas of Northern Italy with the aim of investigating the barriers and strategies to safely resume elective endoscopy activity in Phase Two of the lockdown. The first section focused on the organizational characteristics of EDs before and after the outbreak, in order to assess the impact of the pandemic on EDs. The second section explored the availability of specialist staff and personal protective equipment (PPE) in the EDs at the start of Phase Two. In the third section, the Directors of EDs were asked to foresee the endoscopy workload they would realistically estimate as achievable, according to local resources, in Phase Two (from May to July 2020), and to indicate strategies to optimize endoscopic activity in this reference period. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32605868/ doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.042 id: cord-024076-q9fw7ch1 author: Manga, Pravin title: Should ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Be Withdrawn in the Current Setting of COVID-19 Infection? date: 2020-04-17 words: 1862.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024076-q9fw7ch1.txt summary: The reports urging caution in the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are based on laboratory data which found that SARS-CoV and COVID-19 virus binds to ACE 2 receptor which is found in the epithelial cells of the lung, kidney, intestine and blood vessels. Thus, a clear causal relationship between those with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and diabetes with chronic kidney disease (DCKD) on ACE inhibitors or ARB treatment and an increased risk of COVID-19 does not exist. In South Africa, hypertension, HFrEF and diabetes are common non-communicable diseases, and a significant proportion of patients are being treated with generic versions of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. There is extremely strong scientific evidence for the benefit of RAAS inhibition in patients with cardiovascular disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187740/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia4 id: cord-334360-bor30e5j author: Manganelli, Fiore title: Brainstem involvement and respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 words: 1019.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334360-bor30e5j.txt summary: Our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Under these premises, we evaluated three COVID-19 patients in ICU at Federico II Hospital in Naples that, although had recovered from pneumonia, could not be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation due to depression of central respiratory drive. In conclusion, our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure [4] and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients [2] . Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients [2] . abstract: Respiratory failure is the most worrisome problem of COVID-19. Patients may develop severe pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and a significant proportion of them dies. It has been suggested that brainstem might play a role in severe respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. We described three COVID-19 patients in ICU at Federico II Hospital in Naples that, although had recovered from pneumonia, could not be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation. Our clinical evaluation was consistent with an involvement of the brainstem and especially of respiratory centre thus possibly explaining the weaning failure in patients that were awake and had recovered from lung involvement. Our data, though limited, indicate that brainstem involvement may play a role in respiratory failure and perhaps in the high death rate of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the weaning failure from mechanical ventilation due to central respiratory drive depression might underlie the unusual long stay in ICU reported for COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472516/ doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04487-2 id: cord-255719-vhjmkrlb author: Manghat, Nathan E. title: Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient - An Unrecognised Complication date: 2020-09-23 words: 442.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255719-vhjmkrlb.txt summary: title: Acute Post-operative Thrombosis of an Aortic Valve Prosthesis and Embolic Myocardial Infarction in a COVID-positive patient An Unrecognised Complication A 73 year old female patient presented 14 days post aortic valve replacement (AVR) for bicuspid valve stenosis; she was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and retinal artery embolism. A 73 year old female patient presented 14 days post aortic valve replacement (AVR) for bicuspid valve stenosis; she was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and retinal artery embolism. Although venous thromboembolism is now well-documented in COVID-19 patients, this case highlights the increased risks of systemic arterial embolism following recent cardiac procedures; it also serves as a timely reminder of the consequences of COVID-19 and the radiological vigilance required in identifying AVR thrombosis on acute cardiothoracic CT. abstract: A 73 year old female patient presented 14 days post aortic valve replacement (AVR) for bicuspid valve stenosis; she was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and retinal artery embolism. CT identified extensive thrombus formation on the valve struts. This demonstrated complete resolution at 11 weeks with warfarin therapy. Although venous thromboembolism is now well-documented in COVID-19 patients, this case highlights the increased risks of systemic arterial embolism following recent cardiac procedures; it also serves as a timely reminder of the consequences of COVID-19 and the radiological vigilance required in identifying AVR thrombosis on acute cardiothoracic CT. The observations made warrant careful thought with respect to perioperative anticoagulation strategy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666250720305344 doi: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2020.09.020 id: cord-274715-dcs1rgd0 author: Mani Mishra, Pushpendra title: Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-24 words: 2145.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274715-dcs1rgd0.txt summary: Novel coronavirus (NCoV-19), also known as SARS CoV-2, is a pathogen causing an emerging infection that rapidly increases in incidence and geographic range, is associated with the ever-increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and shows sever economic impact worldwide. We are suggesting here a strategy for the COVID-19 treatment that could be effective in curing the patients in the current scenario when no efficient medicine or Vaccine is currently available, and Clinicians solely depend upon the performing trials with drugs with known antiviral activities. If the albumin is used to stabilize and deliver the EGCG and Curcumin for targeting the intracellular virus components in combination with the drug that could block the virus fusion and/or entry to a cell, this strategy might represent an effective way of treating the SARS CoV-2 infection. abstract: Novel coronavirus (NCoV-19), also known as SARS CoV-2, is a pathogen causing an emerging infection that rapidly increases in incidence and geographic range, is associated with the ever-increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and shows sever economic impact worldwide. The WHO declares the NCoV-19 infection disease (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and subsequently, on March 11, 2020, declared it a Global Pandemic. Although some people infected with SARS CoV-2 have no symptoms, the spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical, with most COVID-19 infections being not severe. The common mild symptoms include body aches, dry cough, fatigue, low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. More severe COVID-19 symptoms are typical of pneumonia, and upon progression, the patient’s condition can worsen with severe respiratory and cardiac problems. Currently, there is no drug or vaccine for curing patients. It has been observed that people with challenged immunity are highly prone to SARS CoV-2 infection and least likely to recover. Also, older adults and people of any age with serious underlying medical conditions might be at higher risk for severe forms of COVID-19. We are suggesting here a strategy for the COVID-19 treatment that could be effective in curing the patients in the current scenario when no efficient medicine or Vaccine is currently available, and Clinicians solely depend upon the performing trials with drugs with known antiviral activities. Our proposed strategy is based on the compilation of published scientific research and concepts. The different published research indicates the success of a similar strategy in different physiological conditions, and such a strategy is widely studied at the cellular level and in animal models. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353740/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109790 id: cord-313427-6y4zvrmn author: Mani, Nandita S title: Prevalence of COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington date: 2020-06-16 words: 3433.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313427-6y4zvrmn.txt summary: Using data from these testing centers, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic employees and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes among employees with COVID-19. Multiple factors have been reported to contribute to the risk of infections in HCWs, including lack of awareness during the early weeks of the outbreak, inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) supply and training, insufficient rapid diagnostic testing for COVID-19, long work hours in high-risk environments, and ongoing community spread and household exposures. [12] [13] [14] A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Early and high-throughput testing for SARS-CoV-2 among symptomatic employees is essential to prevent nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 to patients, minimize clusters among HCWs, and maintain staffing during the pandemic. HCWs. 16 Here we describe the approach to establishing high-throughput employee testing centers, the prevalence of infections among symptomatic frontline versus non-frontline staff, and clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 in these employees. abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCW) serving on the front lines of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been at increased risk for infection due to SARS-CoV-2 in some settings. Healthcare-acquired infection has been reported in similar epidemics, but there are limited data on the prevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs and their associated clinical outcomes in the United States. METHODS: We established two high-throughput employee testing centers in Seattle, Washington with drive-through and walk-through options for symptomatic employees in the University of Washington Medicine system and its affiliated organizations. Using data from these testing centers, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic employees and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes among employees with COVID-19. RESULTS: Between March 12 and April 23, a total of 3,477 symptomatic employees were tested for COVID-19 at two employee testing centers; 185 (5.3%) employees tested positive for COVID-19. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was similar when comparing frontline HCWs (5.2%) to non-frontline staff (5.5%). Among 174 positive employees reached for follow-up at least 14 days after diagnosis, 6 reported COVID-related hospitalization; all recovered. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period, we observed that the prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests among symptomatic HCWs was comparable to that of symptomatic non-frontline staff. Reliable and rapid access to testing for employees is essential to preserve the health, safety, and availability of the healthcare workforce during this pandemic and to facilitate the rapid return of SARS-CoV-2 negative employees to work. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32548613/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa761 id: cord-341202-1pg7rq2d author: Manicone, Francesca title: The last bed dilemma burns out COVID-19 triage: a viewpoint from Medical and Law students date: 2020-08-12 words: 1321.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341202-1pg7rq2d.txt summary: Currently, it is being implemented in several COVID-19 wards, either in compliance with algorithm-based guidelines or according to distributive justice, as underlined by the Società Italiana di Anestesia Analgesia Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva [4] that advices to base the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments on the evaluation of criteria such as age, comorbidities and functional status of the critically ill patients. According to the first protocol, when dealing with the life-threatening case of a 68-year-old man, obese, hypertensive and smoker, the physician has no choice but to allocate the last ICU bed, fully aware that an hour later the same bed could have been used to cure a younger patient, without any comorbidity and a higher life expectancy. In our view, this solution would suitably respond to two essential problems: a patient otherwise discarded by the guidelines might be given a chance to survive based on physician clinical experience whereas, if nonetheless the meeting withheld the bed, the physician would relieve his stress, sharing, to the greatest extent possible, the burden with the team. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666479820301828 doi: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2020.08.004 id: cord-306347-gmw3z85r author: Maniscalco, Pietro title: The deep impact of novel CoVID-19 infection in an Orthopedics and Traumatology Department: the experience of the Piacenza Hospital date: 2020-05-11 words: 3415.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306347-gmw3z85r.txt summary: Since the end of February, 2020 the words "coronavirus" and "CoVID-19" has become routinely used by Italian people because of the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus and the dramatic impact on Italy in terms of infected patients, overcrowding in hospitals and the high number of deaths. For this reason, we quickly modified several times the hospital organization increasing the number of emergency clinicians thanks to the help of the EDs of "Castel San Giovanni" and "Fiorenzuola d''Arda" Hospitals, moving away the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in another local building in Piacenza -"Casa di Cura Piacenza"-, and designing a disaster plan. Based on the observation that the ED has been overcrowded with CoVID-19 infected people already in serious condition and all these patient had a story of days or weeks spent at this home with flu-like symptoms and exertional dyspnea at first, then dyspnea at rest with urgent hospitalization for acute respiratory failure, dr Cavanna designed a plan to dramatically reduce admission to ED. abstract: Since February 21(st), 2020 CoVID-19 spread throughout all Italy expanding like a “tsunami” from Codogno (Lodi, Lombardy, Northern Italy) to neighboring cities. In a few days Lodi, Piacenza, Milano, Brescia and Bergamo were forced to deal with this disaster starting the lockdown at different time. No national plan had been prepared. As result, CoVID-19 has paralyzed the Italian healthcare system. At time of writing, in Italy there are 169 323 infected patients and 22 260 deaths. Italy is fighting hard to manage CoVID-19 crisis even if most hospitals were unprepared to deal with massive influx of critically ill CoVID-19 patients. Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) is one of the epicenters of the Italian pandemic, and the local hospital – Guglielmo da Saliceto – has quickly become a “CoVID-19 hospital” with the great effort of all the medical staff. Here we report the experience of our hospital, particularly the strategy adopted in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9635 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9635 id: cord-325352-k7aapnx3 author: Manivel, Vijay title: CLUE: COVID‐19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department. date: 2020-05-09 words: 1099.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325352-k7aapnx3.txt summary: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a vital part of critical care evaluation of multiple lung pathologies, like pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary oedema, interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pneumonia (1) . Performance of LUS at bedside also allows concurrent execution of clinical examination and lung imaging by the same clinician, expedites clinical decision making (7) . While Australia and New Zealand prepare for a figurative tsunami of highly infectious patients, we anticipate that a protocolised use of bedside LUS by emergency clinicians in COVID-19 patients could alleviate some of the radiological resource burden expected. Page 5 of 7 CLUE protocol which incorporates lung ultrasound scoring system and supplemental oxygen requirement at the time of examination, when performed by a trained emergency clinician, can help risk-stratify suspected COVID-19 patients. Can lung ultrasound help critical care clinicians in the early diagnosis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13546 doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13546 id: cord-274008-p3st70u3 author: Mann, E. R. title: Longitudinal immune profiling reveals distinct features of COVID-19 pathogenesis date: 2020-06-16 words: 6004.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274008-p3st70u3.txt summary: Here we report the outcome of a longitudinal immune profiling study in hospitalised patients during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and show the relationship between immune responses and severity of the clinical presentation. Although, as reported previously 4 , a higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on hospital admission was observed in those patients whose disease trajectory was ultimately severe, whereas there were no appreciable differences observed in monocytes (figure 1A, 1B and table 1). Longitudinal analysis revealed that in the majority of patients (70%) (irrespective of severity) T cell frequencies in whole blood increased prior to hospital discharge, while neutrophil frequencies reciprocally decreased (figure 1E). Severe COVID-19, on the other hand, was associated with monocytes displaying increased expression of the cell cycle marker, Ki67 (normally <5% in healthy peripheral blood), irrespective of whether monocytes were stimulated or not (figure 3C and appendix 6C), which strongly correlated with hospital data for CRP (figure 3C). abstract: Background The pathogenesis of COVID-19, caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), involves a complex host-virus interaction and is characterised by an exaggerated immune response, the specific components of which are poorly understood. Here we report the outcome of a longitudinal immune profiling study in hospitalised patients during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and show the relationship between immune responses and severity of the clinical presentation. Methods The Coronavirus Immune Response and Clinical Outcomes (CIRCO) study was conducted at four hospitals in Greater Manchester. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, recruited as close to admission as possible, provided peripheral blood samples at enrolment and sequentially thereafter. Fresh samples were assessed for immune cells and proteins in whole blood and serum. Some samples were also stimulated for 3 hours with LPS and analysed for intracellular proteins. Results were stratified based on patient-level data including severity of symptoms and date of reported symptom onset. Findings Longitudinal analysis showed a very high neutrophil to T cell ratio and abnormal activation of monocytes in the blood, which displayed high levels of the cell cycle marker, Ki67 and low COX-2. These properties all reverted in patient with good outcome. Unexpectedly, multiple aspects of inflammation were diminished as patients progressed in severity and time, even in ITU patients not recovering. Interpretation This is the first detailed longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 patients of varying severity and outcome, revealing common features and aspects that track with severity. Patients destined for a severe outcome can be identified at admission when still displaying mild-moderate symptoms. We provide clues concerning pathogenesis that should influence clinical trials and therapeutics. Targeting pathways involved in neutrophil and monocyte release from the bone marrow should be tested in patients with COVID-19. Funding: The Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research, The Wellcome Trust, The Royal Society, The BBSRC, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centres (BRC). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.13.20127605 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.13.20127605 id: cord-033334-p7szd86k author: Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title: The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 7284.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt summary: Enhanced phagocytic activity as well as cytokine production of macrophages Enhanced intestinal immune responses: dendritic cell maturation, Th1/Th2 balance restored and humoral immunity promoted [77, 78] Peptides Anti-inflammatory Downregulates IL-6 and TNF-␣ and myeloperoxidase activity in peritonitis Binds to angiotensin II receptor type 1 to inhibit angiotensin II pro-inflammatory activity ACE inhibitory activity (antihypertensive) [79] [80] [81] [82] Intact Iron-binding activity* Sequestering free iron [83] Intact and peptides Antioxidant* Sequestering free iron Free radical scavenging [79, 84] Lysozyme Intact and peptides Antiviral Inhibits viral entry by binding to cell receptors or virus -cationic and hydrophobic nature is required rather than enzymatic activity Binds nucleic acids Inhibits virus-induced cell fusion Affects cell signaling, including NF-B pathway, to influence susceptibility to infection [85] [86] [87] [88] Intact and/or peptides Antibacterial Hydrolyzes cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (enzyme activity) Insert into and form pores in negatively charged bacterial membranes [40] † Specific anticoronavirus activity has been demonstrated: inhibits SARS-CoV cell entry by binding to HSPGs; inhibits entry and postentry steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication and elevates interferon-stimulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543043/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170 id: cord-350406-o90k48vy author: Mannheim, Jonathan title: Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in Chicago, Illinois, March–April 2020 date: 2020-06-01 words: 2104.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350406-o90k48vy.txt summary: BACKGROUND: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. On March 12, 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) received its first report of a pediatric patient with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 . Symptomology of children with COVID-19 throughout the United States has been described [1] ; however, to date no report on pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for the most severe cases has been published. Standard case investigation data were collected including demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms of illness, hospitalization (eg, date of admission, intensive care unit [ICU] requirement) and epidemiologic risk factors such as exposures to ill persons, travel, and comorbidities. abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, no report on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and coinfection for hospitalized cases has been published. METHODS: This was a case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0–17 years reported to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from March 5 to April 8, 2020. Enhanced case investigation was performed. χ (2) and Wilcoxon 2-sample tests were used to compare characteristics among hospitalized and nonhospitalized cases. RESULTS: During March 5–April 8, 2020, 6369 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children aged 0–17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, and 7 (70%) required intensive care (median length of hospitalization, 4 days [range, 1–14 days]). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients than in nonhospitalized patients (9/10 vs 28/54, P = .04 and 7/10 vs 10/54, P = .002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than nonhospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs 12 years; P = .03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or coinfection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, the median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range, 2–5), and 31 (91%) households had at least 1 COVID-19–infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and coinfection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa070 doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa070 id: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7 author: Manoj, M.G. title: Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas date: 2020-08-01 words: 4180.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt summary: Through a critical review of the current literature and a preliminary analysis of the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and air pollution in the affected regions, we offer a perspective that polluted environment could enhance the transmission rate of such deadly viruses under moderate-to-high humidity conditions. The aqueous atmospheric aerosols offer a conducive surface for adsorption/absorption of organic molecules and viruses onto them, facilitating a pathway for higher rate of transmission under favourable environmental conditions. Analysis of the air quality index (AQI, Fig. S1 , acquired on 16 th March 2020) reveals that the effected countries or regions had witnessed enhanced level of pollution ( frequently AQI > 100) which are qualified as "unhealthy" and even "hazardous", in the cold winter period. (2020) reports that air pollutants measured over Italy (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) have a substantial influence on the COVID-19 transmission and infection rate there. abstract: The emergence of a novel human corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. One of the mechanisms of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) amid humans is through direct ejection of droplets via sneezing, coughing and vocalizing. Nevertheless, there are ample evidences of the persistence of infectious viruses on inanimate surfaces for several hours to a few days. Through a critical review of the current literature and a preliminary analysis of the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and air pollution in the affected regions, we offer a perspective that polluted environment could enhance the transmission rate of such deadly viruses under moderate-to-high humidity conditions. The aqueous atmospheric aerosols offer a conducive surface for adsorption/absorption of organic molecules and viruses onto them, facilitating a pathway for higher rate of transmission under favourable environmental conditions. This mechanism partially explains the role of polluted air besides the exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in the rapid transmission of the virus amongst the public. Hence, it is stressed that more ambitious policies towards a cleaner environment are required globally to nip in the bud what could be the seeds of a fatal outbreak such as COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110001 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110001 id: cord-292666-6xer2cty author: Mansab, F. title: Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. date: 2020-05-05 words: 2725.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292666-6xer2cty.txt summary: title: Patient-Led COVID-19 Triage Systems and Case Fatality Rates: A Comparative Study Between Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA and the UK. Methods: A simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led triage systems from three countries with low case fatality rates (Singapore, Norway and Japan) and two countries with high case fatality rates (the USA and the UK). Results: Patient-led triage systems from Singapore, Japan and Norway maintained a low threshold for advising clinical contact for patients with possible COVID-19 (88 to 100% of cases were referred). Conclusion: In this simulation study, countries with low case fatality rates Singapore, Norway and Japan -, performed well, successfully identifying severe COVID-19 and triaging such cases to medical care. Case Scenario''s were designed to test the public health advice and where available patient-led triage systems in relation to COVID-19. abstract: Introduction: The case fatality rate from COVID-19 differs markedly around the world. There are likely a number of factors one can attribute to such disparity, not least of which is differing healthcare models and approaches. Here, we examine the COVID-19 related health advice issued by six different countries, specifically examining the patient-led triage pathways in each country. Methods: A simulation study was conducted on current, nationwide, patient-led triage systems from three countries with low case fatality rates (Singapore, Norway and Japan) and two countries with high case fatality rates (the USA and the UK). 36 case scenarios were designed to imitate common presentations of COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity. These scenarios were then fed into each countrys patient-led triage system. The advice for each scenario was recorded and then compared. Results: Patient-led triage systems from Singapore, Japan and Norway maintained a low threshold for advising clinical contact for patients with possible COVID-19 (88 to 100% of cases were referred). Patient-led triage systems from the USA and the UK maintained high thresholds for advising contact with either call centre support or clinical contact (28 and 33% of cases were referred, respectively), and triaged the majority of cases home with no further healthcare input. There was a strong inverse correlation between percentage of cases referred and the nations case fatality rate (Pearsons Correlation = -0.642, p = 0.01). Conclusion: In this simulation study, countries with low case fatality rates - Singapore, Norway and Japan -, performed well, successfully identifying severe COVID-19 and triaging such cases to medical care. The USA triage system (CDCs Coronavirus Self-Checker) and the UKs triage system (NHS 111 online) performed poorly, failing to identify Severe COVID-19 infection and sepsis in the case simulations, and triaging the majority of cases to self-care with no further healthcare input. Such poorly performing triage systems are likely to be contributing to the high case fatality rates in the US and the UK. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.20084079v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20084079 id: cord-269316-1nlpo42a author: Mansfield, K. E. title: COVID-19 collateral: Indirect acute effects of the pandemic on physical and mental health in the UK date: 2020-10-30 words: 8018.0 sentences: 460.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269316-1nlpo42a.txt summary: Methods: Using electronic health records from the Clinical Research Practice Datalink (CPRD) Aurum (2017-2020), we calculated weekly primary care contacts for selected acute physical and mental health conditions (including: anxiety, depression, acute alcohol-related events, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbations, cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies). We used electronic primary care health records of nearly 10 million individuals across the UK to investigate the indirect impact of COVID-19 on primary care contacts for mental health, acute alcohol-related events, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, and cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies up to July 2020. As outcomes, we considered the number of weekly primary care contacts for the following conditions (separately): mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety, fatal and non-fatal self-harm, severe mental illness, and eating and obsessive-compulsive disorders), acute alcohol-related events, diabetic emergencies (e.g. ketoacidosis), asthma and COPD exacerbations, and acute cardiovascular (CVD) events (i.e. unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, cardiac failure and venous thromboembolisms). abstract: Background: Concerns have been raised that the response to the UK COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened physical and mental health, and reduced use of health services. However, the scale of the problem is unquantified, impeding development of effective mitigations. We asked what has happened to general practice contacts for acute physical and mental health outcomes during the pandemic? Methods: Using electronic health records from the Clinical Research Practice Datalink (CPRD) Aurum (2017-2020), we calculated weekly primary care contacts for selected acute physical and mental health conditions (including: anxiety, depression, acute alcohol-related events, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] exacerbations, cardiovascular and diabetic emergencies). We used interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to formally quantify changes in conditions after the introduction of population-wide restrictions ('lockdown') compared to the period prior to their introduction in March 2020. Findings: The overall population included 9,863,903 individuals on 1st January 2017. Primary care contacts for all conditions dropped dramatically after introduction of population-wide restrictions. By July 2020, except for unstable angina and acute alcohol-related events, contacts for all conditions had not recovered to pre-lockdown levels. The largest reductions were for contacts for: diabetic emergencies (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25-0.50), depression (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.52-0.53), and self-harm (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.54-0.58). Interpretation: There were substantial reductions in primary care contacts for acute physical and mental conditions with restrictions, with limited recovery by July 2020. It is likely that much of the deficit in care represents unmet need, with implications for subsequent morbidity and premature mortality. The conditions we studied are sufficiently severe that any unmet need will have substantial ramifications for the people experiencing the conditions and healthcare provision. Maintaining access must be a key priority in future public health planning (including further restrictions). Funding: Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship (SML), Health Data Research UK. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.20222174v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222174 id: cord-266466-5sgfx7oq author: Mansour, Amani title: First Case of an Infant with COVID-19 in the Middle East date: 2020-04-03 words: 1504.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266466-5sgfx7oq.txt summary: Here, we report the case of a 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon who presented with fever and severe diarrhea and tested positive for COVID-19. Her RT-PCR test was negative after five days of treatment, suggesting that children can clear the virus faster than adults. Most severe illness occurs in older adults but comparison with the pediatric population can be challenging as documented cases in infants and children have been scarce [3, 4] . On day 5, the RT-PCR test of the infant was negative, and the patient''s symptoms had resolved. Uniquely, our patient presented with fever and diarrhea; cough and other respiratory symptoms were not reported. Similarly, previous research in children indicates that the RT-PCR test becomes negative within 12 days (range: 6-22) after the presentation of symptoms [6] . This is the first case reported from the Middle East on an infant presenting with fever and diarrhea that tested positive for COVID-19. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. It was initially thought to spare children and adolescents as significantly smaller number of cases have been reported in the pediatric population in comparison to adults. Here, we report the case of a 16-month-old female infant from Lebanon who presented with fever and severe diarrhea and tested positive for COVID-19. Her symptoms started six days prior to presentation with no cough, rhinorrhea, or other respiratory manifestations reported. Chest radiography showed lobar consolidation and bronchial infiltrates. Blood culture was positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Stool and urine cultures were negative. She was treated with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. Her RT-PCR test was negative after five days of treatment, suggesting that children can clear the virus faster than adults. The patient likely contracted the virus from her parents, who because of the fear of social stigma hide recent history of respiratory illness. These findings serve as a practical reference for the clinical diagnosis and medical treatment of children with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32377468/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.7520 id: cord-258548-1u7v1nlr author: Mansueto, Gelsomina title: Can COVID 2019 disease induces a specific cardiovascular damage or it exacerbates pre-existing cardiovascular diseases? date: 2020-06-26 words: 5924.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258548-1u7v1nlr.txt summary: Only one case of cardiac tamponade in a 47-year-old man SARS-CoV-2 infected without cardiovascular risk is reported in the literature as a complication of myocarditis and pericarditis (29) . Large and more recent studies have reported that previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f dyslipidaemias, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors can predispose to an acute ischemic event in respiratory virus infections such as recently reported during the pandemic COVID-19 disease (34, 35, 36) . It is known that patients with cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of a thrombo-embolic event as it is known that all viral infections have a potential role in disseminated intravascular coagulation J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (DIC) The endothelial damage, the blood flow turbulence, and hypercoagulability are the basis of the mechanism. There is no substantial data to say that anti-RAAS, ACE inhibitors, statins increase the risk of cardiovascular damage in COVID patients. abstract: A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with cardiovascular and multiple organ failure till death. The main mechanisms of virus internalization and interaction with the host are down-regulation or upregulation of the ACE2 receptor, the surface glycoprotein competition mechanism for the binding of porphyrin to iron in heme formation as well as interference with the immune system. The interference on renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, heme formation, and the immune response is responsible for infection diffusion, endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, oxidative damage and releasing of inflammatory mediators. The main pathological findings are bilateral interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Because ACE receptor is also present in the endothelium of other districts as well as in different cell types, and as porphyrins are transporters in the blood and other biological liquids of iron forming heme, which is important in the assembly of the hemoglobin, myoglobin and the cytochromes, multiorgan damage occurs both primitive and secondary to lung damage. More relevantly, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, and disseminated intravasal coagulation (DIC) are described as complications in patients with poor outcome. Here, we investigated the role of SARSCoV-2 on the cardiovascular system and in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, and possible drug interference on the heart. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0344033820314795 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153086 id: cord-318492-uu1p1rgi author: Mansueto, Gelsomina title: COVID-19: Brief Check Point Through The Pathologist''s Eye (autopsy archive) date: 2020-08-28 words: 1971.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318492-uu1p1rgi.txt summary: The autopsy data are few and the aspects often observed are pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); these aspects are not only in COVID-19 but also in other viral infections and associated sepsis. In this brief summary, I would like to induce the reader''s reflection to the fact that coronavirus appears already before the pandemic in many texts of medical doctrine and that the pathological findings related to lung and multi-organ damage are described similar to those induced by other viral pathogens both from the same or different family. The autopsy pathologists can confirm that many deaths are due to complications from viral infections especially in subjects with comorbidities and they can also confirm that the aspects often observed are diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), cardiac damage from myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or even disseminated intra-vascular coagulation (DIC); these findings are also present in sepsis associated with various viral infections. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic many deaths have been caused, especially of patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and old age. Many questions have been asked and few simple answers have been given. The autopsy data are few and the aspects often observed are pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); these aspects are not only in COVID-19 but also in other viral infections and associated sepsis. We must not lose sight of the fact that coronavirus with its pathological organ changes have already been described in the years preceding the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0344033820320501?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153195 id: cord-323200-xnr02xq3 author: Mansuri, Farah M.A. title: Situation analysis and an insight into assessment of pandemic COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 words: 1303.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323200-xnr02xq3.txt summary: The world is seeing a catastrophic pandemic of SARS-CoV2 or of the disease COVID-19, in first quarter of 21st century with the emergence of novel corona virus. 1,2 Regional statistics of World health organization depicts that Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO) stands fourth in the rank of prevalence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 after Europe, Americas and Western pacific, with a total number of 66 thousand cases and 3592 deaths. 4 The other indicator besides transmission rate, is severity of the pandemic, that can be studied by ratio of cases to hospitalization, ratio of deaths to hospitalization and ratio of Intensive care Unit admissions to total admissions. This disparity in fatality and pandemic severity index may be due to several factors such as higher virulence of virus and availability of better preventive or therapeutic health care services etc. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32292320/ doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.04.001 id: cord-343589-9okzwtci author: Mantero, Vittorio title: Assessing the susceptibility to acute respiratory illness COVID-19-related in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients date: 2020-08-19 words: 2201.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343589-9okzwtci.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of the clinical presentations suggestive for COVID-19 infection among patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the province of Lecco, in the North Italy, the closest province capital to Bergamo. Here, we describe a cross-sectional study performed in Lecco, the closest province capital to Bergamo, to analyze the incidence of the clinical presentations suggestive for COVID-19 infection among patients with MS and describe the association of demographics, clinical characteristics, and use of DMTs with the risk of developing COVID-19. To determine if any DMT category was independently associated with the COVID-19-suspect status, we used a multivariable logistic regression model with COVID-19-suspect status as the outcome, DMT categories (categorized as immune cell depleting medications, immune-cell trafficking inhibitors, other DMTs, and no DMT) as the predictor, and adjusted for the following covariates: age, sex, MS type, disease duration, EDSS, report of a recent contact a patient with COVID-19 diagnosis, and the report of a recent contact a patient with respiratory symptoms.. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Italy has been the first European country severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of the clinical presentations suggestive for COVID-19 infection among patients with Multiple Sclerosis in the province of Lecco, in the North Italy, the closest province capital to Bergamo. To describe the association of demographics, clinical characteristics, and use of DMTs categories with the risk of contracting the disease. METHODS: We telephonically interviewed all the 275 MS patients followed in the MS center. The collected data included recent contact with a patient with COVID-19 diagnosis or a subject with respiratory symptoms and the developing of COVID-19 symptoms or a confirmed diagnosis. RESULTS: 15 out of 275 patients reported symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 infection, only one of them with PCR-confirmed diagnosis. No one of them presented severe symptoms or needed hospitalization. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, the only factor associated with being in the COVID-suspect group was the report of a recent contact with a patient with a COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of COVID-19 within MS patients seems to resemble the prevalence in general population. The lack of associations with other factors assessed, including DMTs, may reflect a lack of statistical power. Larger population studies are needed to explore the correlation between different disease-modifying therapies and COVID-19 course. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211034820305289?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102453 id: cord-344425-27q9x6hb author: Mantica, Guglielmo title: Reply to D.G. Barten et al “Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear” date: 2020-07-13 words: 430.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344425-27q9x6hb.txt summary: title: Reply to D.G. Barten et al "Re: Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear" We read with interest the reply letter of DG Barten et al 1 to our manuscript 2 and we do strongly agree with the Authors about some indirect effects of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social distancing, reduction of working hours, and traffic movements as co-responsible for the reduced access to the emergency departments by non-COVID-19 patients. In this perspective, streamline the workflow in Emergency Departments and non-COVID Departments as well as effective communication by the health-care system of different countries becomes fundamental in order to provide patients with COVID-free pathways, thus reducing delay in diagnosis and treatment. Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear Non-COVID-19 visits to emergency departments during the pandemic: the impact of fear abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350620302985?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.003 id: cord-354989-k0qktzor author: Mantica, Guglielmo title: NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR date: 2020-05-07 words: 520.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354989-k0qktzor.txt summary: title: NON-COVID-19 VISITS TO EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC: THE IMPACT OF FEAR The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the resulting infection, COVID-19, is posing an enormous threat and huge workload to emergency departments (EDs) worldwide 1 . The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health emergency that is impacting the behaviour of entire populations in response to a direct threat to both individuals and communities. We compared ED visits in two major referral hospitals in the North of Italy from the 21st February to 16th April with COVID-19 daily mortality data from the Italian Civil Protection Department 4 (see Figure 1 ). It emerges that the two curves almost mirror one another, with a meeting point on the 16th of March and the lowest peak of ED visits corresponding with the highest peak in the COVID-19 daily mortality trend. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350620301517?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.046 id: cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author: Mao, Kang title: The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 1735.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt summary: A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. We discuss the feasibility of an integrated POC 55 biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning 56 of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, improving patient health care and 57 monitoring public health. The first crucial step is the rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 to screen potential patients, 62 confirm suspected cases, provide timely health care/treatment, monitor and manage the epidemic 63 (Udugama et al. abstract: The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused a significant public health challenge worldwide. A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. As effective point-of-care diagnosis tools, simple, low-cost and rapid sensors have the potential to greatly accelerate the screening and diagnosis of suspected patients to improve their treatment and care. In particular, there is evidence that multiple pathogens have been detected in sewage, including SARS-CoV-2, providing significant opportunities for the development of advanced sensors for wastewater-based epidemiology that provide an early warning of the pandemic within the population. Sensors could be used to screen potential carriers, provide real-time monitoring and control of the epidemic, and even support targeted drug screening and delivery within the integration of emerging mobile health (mHealth) technology. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. The iBMW will provide an effective approach to prevent, evaluate and intervene in a fast, affordable and reliable way, thus enabling real-time guidance for the government in providing effective intervention and evaluating the effectiveness of intervention. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0956566320306072 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112617 id: cord-262413-jm4qmpeg author: Mao, Suling title: Epidemiological analysis of 67 local COVID-19 clusters in Sichuan Province, China date: 2020-10-08 words: 4069.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262413-jm4qmpeg.txt summary: BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. In this study, information about all local clusters was exported from sub-module "Emergency Public Reporting System" and data about related confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers from sub-module "Infectious Disease Management Information System". abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was intended to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 clusters and the severity distribution of clinical symptoms of involved cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide information support for the development and adjustment of strategies for the prevention and control of local clusters. METHODS: The epidemiological characteristics of 67 local clusters of COVID-19 cases in Sichuan Province reported as of March 17, 2020 were described and analyzed. Information about all COVID-19 clusters and involved cases was acquired from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed with the epidemiological investigation results taken into account. RESULTS: The clusters were temporally and regionally concentrated. Clusters caused by imported cases from other provinces accounted for 73.13%; familial clusters accounted for 68.66%; the average attack rate was 8.54%, and the average secondary attack rate was 6.11%; the median incubation period was 8.5 d; a total of 28 cases met the criteria for incubation period determination, and in the 28 cases, the incubation period was > 14 d in 21.43% (6/28). a total of 226 confirmed cases were reported in the 67 clusters. Ten cases were exposed before the confirmed cases they contacted with developed clinical symptoms, and the possibility of exposure to other infection sources was ruled out; two clusters were caused by asymptomatic carriers; confirmed cases mainly presented with fever, respiratory and systemic symptoms; a gradual decline in the severity of clinical symptoms was noted with the increase of the case generation. CONCLUSIONS: Population movement and gathering restrictions and strict close contact management measures will significantly contribute to the identification and control of cases. Transmission during the incubation period and asymptomatic infections have been noted. Studies on the pathogenicity and transmissibility in these populations and on COVID-19 antibody levels and protective effects in healthy people and cases are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032575/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09606-4 id: cord-328319-vsyu5y45 author: Maracaja, Luiz title: How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment date: 2020-04-13 words: 1193.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328319-vsyu5y45.txt summary: title: How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment In particular, personal protective equipment (PPE) is at a critically low supply, which puts patients and providers at unacceptable risk. Healthcare providers engaged in procedures involving the nose, mouth, or airway need even more aggressive protection from airborne viral particles, in the form of powered air-purifying respirators, or similar. Once connected to the compressed air or oxygen at 15 L/min, the air will flow from inside to outside of the hood, preventing the provider from inspiring aerosolized material from the patient. In the authors'' opinion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, all of the above risks are outweighed by the benefits of protecting healthcare professionals and enhancing patient safety during this national crisis. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020303621 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.004 id: cord-306342-wwinyu7x author: Marano, Luigi title: Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology date: 2020-04-15 words: 831.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306342-wwinyu7x.txt summary: title: Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19: A perspective from Italian tertiary referral center for surgical oncology Additionally, since the real problem of Italian health system is the lack of adequate intensive care facilities, the number of clinical departments that are open to patients in need of cure other than COVID-19 has been cut in half. On the same line, it is imperative to provide general recommendations within a tertiary referral center for surgical oncology for maintaining high quality cancer care in an extremely safe working environment. [3] investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and malignancies on a prospective cohort of 1571 patients reporting a higher incidence of severe events (need of intensive care unit or death), without an increase in incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Minimally invasive surgery and the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learned in China and Italy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.004 id: cord-340085-ywg4rhnn author: Maras, J. S. title: Multi-Omics integration analysis of respiratory specimen characterizes baseline molecular determinants associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. date: 2020-07-07 words: 7383.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340085-ywg4rhnn.txt summary: Quantitative proteomics identified significant increase in 6 SARS-CoV-2 proteins along with ACE2 in the respiratory specimen of COVID-19 positive patients compared to negative patients (p<0.05, Figure 1C , H1N1 samples did not enrich any or associated proteins). /2020 Diagnostic accuracy: Amongst the identified DEP''s, mean decrease in the accuracy (calculated by random forest; 1000 trees) was highest for MX1 (MX Dynamin like GTPase 1) and WARS (Tryptophan--tRNA ligase) making them the most important proteins for segregating COVID-19 positive patients from negative or H1N1 patients ( Figure Together these findings showed that COVID-19 positive patients have virus mediated hyper immune activation involving monocytes and neutrophils, deregulated oxygen transport, increased fluid shear stress, bacterial invasion of the epithelial cells and glucose metabolism. Viral infection are also known for metabolic reprograming of host (Thaker et al., 2019) and proteome analysis of the respiratory specimen showed that there is significant increase in proteins associated to glucose metabolism suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces energy metabolism (Supplementary Figure 18 ). abstract: Abstract: Rapid diagnosis and precise prognostication of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a major challenge. A multi-omic approach was adopted, and in the discovery phase, global proteome/metaproteome/metabolome were analysed in the respiratory specimens of SARS-CoV-2 positive [n=20], negative [n=20], and H1N1 positive [n=5] cases. We identified MX1 (MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1) and WARS (Tryptophan--tRNA ligase) as clues to viral diagnosis and validated in 200 SARS-CoV-2 suspects. MX1 >30pg/ml and WARS >25ng/ml segregated virus positives patients [(AUC=94%CI(0.91-0.97)]. Distinct increase in SARS-CoV-2 induced immune activation, metabolic reprograming and a decrease in oxygen transport, wound healing, fluid regulation, vitamin and steroid metabolism was seen (p<0.05). Multi-omics profiling correlated with viraemia and segregated asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the multiomics approach identified increased respiratory pathogens [Burkholderiales, Klebsiella pneumonia] and decreased lactobacillus salivarius (FDR<0.05, p<0.05) in COVID-19 specimens. Conclusion: Novel proteins [MX1 and WARS] can rapidly and reliably diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify asymptomatic and mild disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.06.20147082 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.06.20147082 id: cord-304474-hfv43e9m author: Marchese, Valentina title: Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia date: 2020-09-10 words: 2385.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304474-hfv43e9m.txt summary: CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 59-year-old Italian patient treated with high dose intravenous dexamethasone and two intravenous doses of Tocilizumab for interstitial bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed itching, abdominal pain, and an increased eosinophil count. stercoralis infection following an 11-day treatment with high-dose steroids and Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19. This controlled, open-label randomized trial provides evidence that treatment with dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg once daily for up to 10 days reduces 28-day mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who are receiving oxygen supply, but not among those receiving no respiratory support. A dedicated strategy based on epidemiological risk stratification has been recently proposed to prevent Strongyloides hyperinfection/disseminated infection for COVID-19 patients undergoing steroids [25] . In conclusion, we report the first case of strongyloidiasis following high-dose steroid and tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed formidable public health and clinical challenges. The use of immunosuppressive agents, such as high dose corticosteroids and cytokine inhibitors (e.g., Tocilizumab) has been suggested to contrast the hyperinflammatory process involved in the pathogenesis of the severe disease, with conflicting evidence. Among the drawbacks of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk of reactivation of latent infections, including parasitic infestations, is to be considered. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 59-year-old Italian patient treated with high dose intravenous dexamethasone and two intravenous doses of Tocilizumab for interstitial bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed itching, abdominal pain, and an increased eosinophil count. Stool examination confirmed the presence of S. stercoralis larvae. The patient was treated with a 4-day course of Ivermectin with full recovery. DISCUSSION: We report the first case of S. stercoralis infection following an 11-day treatment with high-dose steroids and Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of strongyloidiasis as a complication of the treatment for severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32910321/ doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01522-4 id: cord-352365-b9cmviny author: Marchetti, Monia title: COVID-19-driven endothelial damage: complement, HIF-1, and ABL2 are potential pathways of damage and targets for cure date: 2020-06-24 words: 3887.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352365-b9cmviny.txt summary: This review also highlights potential targets for prevention and therapy of COVID-19-related organ damage and discusses the role of marketed drugs, such as eculizumab and imatinib, as suitable candidates for clinical trials. Also, C3a complement fraction plays a relevant role in the pathogenesis of infection-related lung injury: high serum C3a predicts evolution to ARDS [9, 10] , while both C3a and C5a increase endothelial permeability and activate endothelial cells, thereby increasing the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines [11, 12] , and the distal complement activation product C5 b-9 triggers intracellular fluxes of calcium in epithelial and endothelial cells. Apoptosis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell may be chronically triggered by inflammation, such as in COPD, or acutely induced by ARDS; the latter is mediated by Bruton kinase (BTK), IL-17, and macrophage stimulating-1, while IL-35 seems protective [41] [42] [43] [44] . abstract: COVID-19 pandemia is a major health emergency causing hundreds of deaths worldwide. The high reported morbidity has been related to hypoxia and inflammation leading to endothelial dysfunction and aberrant coagulation in small and large vessels. This review addresses some of the pathways leading to endothelial derangement, such as complement, HIF-1α, and ABL tyrosine kinases. This review also highlights potential targets for prevention and therapy of COVID-19-related organ damage and discusses the role of marketed drugs, such as eculizumab and imatinib, as suitable candidates for clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583086/ doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04138-8 id: cord-322322-woz6lwdu author: Marcum, Michelle title: COVID‐19 pandemic and impact on cancer clinical trials: An academic medical center perspective date: 2020-07-10 words: 3153.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322322-woz6lwdu.txt summary: authors: Marcum, Michelle; Kurtzweil, Nicky; Vollmer, Christine; Schmid, Lisa; Vollmer, Ashley; Kastl, Alison; Acker, Kelly; Gulati, Shuchi; Grover, Punita; Herzog, Thomas J.; Ahmad, Syed A.; Sohal, Davendra; Wise‐Draper, Trisha M. Remote telephone and video visits, remote monitoring, electronic capture of signatures and data, and limiting sample collections have allowed the leadership in our institution to ensure the safety of our staff and patients while continuing critical clinical research operations. In addition, the decision whether to continue cancer clinical trials became a safety concern regarding the treatment effect on cancer patients'' vulnerability for COVID-19 contraction, potential viral exposure risk to clinical trial staff, and potential impact of an infected clinical trial cancer patient on study outcomes. With the advent of COVID-19 travel restrictions, the University of Cincinnati Cancer Center (UCCC) Clinical Trials Office (CTO) was well positioned to continue with existing remote monitoring of sub-site EMRs, regulatory and pharmacy source documents, and we have utilized the ability of the REDCap database for electronic data capture to identify and resolve data quality items remotely. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic changed health‐care operations around the world and has interrupted standard clinical practices as well as created clinical research challenges for cancer patients. Cancer patients are uniquely susceptible to COVID‐19 infection and have some of the worst outcomes. Importantly, cancer therapeutics could potentially render cancer patients more susceptible to demise from COVID‐19 yet the poor survival outcome of many cancer diagnoses outweighs this risk. In addition, the pandemic has resulted in risks to health‐care workers and research staff driving important change in clinical research operations and procedures. Remote telephone and video visits, remote monitoring, electronic capture of signatures and data, and limiting sample collections have allowed the leadership in our institution to ensure the safety of our staff and patients while continuing critical clinical research operations. Here we discuss some of these unique challenges and our response to change that was necessary to continue cancer clinical research; and, the impacts the pandemic has caused including increases in efficiency for our cancer research office. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648667/ doi: 10.1002/cam4.3292 id: cord-354308-ol8twpay author: Mardani, title: COVID-19 infection recurrence presented with meningoencephalitis date: 2020-07-23 words: 1458.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354308-ol8twpay.txt summary: These positive PCR results were obtained on April 9, about 21 days after the negative result of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR which in combination with antibody results, consistent with definite respiratory infection relapse and simultaneously, central nervous system involvement with COVID-19. ACE2 is present in several multiple human organs, including nervous system, so SARS-COV-2 which causes upper respiratory tract disease, can infect neural cell and cause different neurologic appearance such as encephalitis (5, 6, 7, 8) .Some of the patients had demonstrated re-fever and positive PCR test after discharge from hospital. (9) Moriguchi et al, reported a case of meningoencephalitis associated with SARS-COV-2 that the specific COVID-19 RNA was detected in a CSF sample but was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab. Chen et al, reported a confirmed case of covid-19 whose oropharyngeal swab test for SARS-COV-2 became positive again after two sequentially negative results. abstract: Abstract COVID- 19 infection can involve many organs such as central nervous system and also would be relapse. In this article we presented a 64-year-old woman with microbiological confirmed COVID-19 induced respiratory distress that treated resulted by negative nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR for COVID-19. But, after a few weeks; relapse occurred by symptoms of acute meningoencephalitis. Results for COVID-19 RT-PCR from her cerebrospinal fluid, nasopharyngeal and tracheal aspiration specimens became positive again whereas, negative COVID-19 serum antibodies. So, it should be mentioned that neurological involvement symptoms can be one of COVID-19 first or relapse presentation. So, regular evaluation of patients during the convalescence seems necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789020/ doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100732 id: cord-282736-1sc19r5m author: Marengoni, Alessandra title: The impact of delirium on outcomes for older adults hospitalised with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 1898.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282736-1sc19r5m.txt summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of delirium in older patients admitted for a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 and its impact on in-hospital mortality. During the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic, delirium was directly assessed by two geriatricians of the hospital ward who visited the patients at least twice per day, by means of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM V) criteria [11] . Delirium is a common condition in older people admitted for COVID-19 and is strongly associated with in-hospital mortality independently of pre-existing individual characteristics and measures of infectious disease severity. In our study in-hospital mortality was extremely high in patients with SARS-COV-2 with (72%) and without delirium (31.8%), but the odd of dying in patients with COVID-19 and delirium was four times higher compared to those without delirium, even after adjusting for possible predisposing factors, such as multimorbidity and frailty, and the severity of the infectious disease at hospital admission, measured by means of peripheral oxygen saturation. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Delirium is a frequent condition in hospitalized older patients and it usually has a negative prognostic value. A direct effect of SARS-COV-2 on the central nervous system (CNS) has been hypothesized. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of delirium in older patients admitted for a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 and its impact on in-hospital mortality. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: 91 patients, aged 70-years and older, admitted to an acute geriatric ward in Northern Italy from March 8(th) to April 17(th), 2020. METHODS: COVID-19 cases were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS-Cov-2 RNA from nasal and pharyngeal swabs. Delirium was diagnosed by two geriatricians according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DMS V) criteria. The number of chronic diseases was calculated among a pre-defined list of 60. The pre-disease Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was assessed at hospital admission. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 39 patients died, 49 were discharged and 3 were transferred to ICU. Twenty-five patients (27.5%) had delirium. Seventy-two percent of patients with delirium died during hospitalization compared to 31.8% of those without delirium. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders, patients with delirium were four times more likely to die during hospital stay compared to those without delirium (OR = 3.98;95%CI = 1.05–17.28; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Delirium is common in older patients with COVID-19 and strongly associated with in-hospital mortality. Regardless of causation, either due to a direct effect of SARS-COV-2 on the CNS or to a multifactorial cause, delirium should be interpreted as an alarming prognostic indicator in older people. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821901/ doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa189 id: cord-354972-nc496v6s author: Margolin, Emmanuel title: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa date: 2020-09-10 words: 10919.0 sentences: 464.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt summary: As of 8 August 2020, there have been over 1.2 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Africa, with 29,833 deaths reported (Africa CDC) There is concern that the pandemic may pose an even greater risk to countries in Africa owing to their weak health-care infrastructure, large burden of co-infections, including HIV-1 and tuberculosis, and ongoing outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections such as Ebola virus (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Lassa haemorrhagic fever (Nigeria) that will divert much-needed resources away from the fight against COVID-19 (ref. Given the optimistic development timeline of 12-18 months before any vaccines could be available for widespread use, it is clear that these efforts will not Box 1 | Potential impact of climate on SArS-coV-2 dissemination the comparatively low incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COviD19) in africa has raised the possibility that climate could influence the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-Cov-2). abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a global pandemic, prompting unprecedented efforts to contain the virus. Many developed countries have implemented widespread testing and have rapidly mobilized research programmes to develop vaccines and therapeutics. However, these approaches may be impractical in Africa, where the infrastructure for testing is poorly developed and owing to the limited manufacturing capacity to produce pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, a large burden of HIV-1 and tuberculosis in Africa could exacerbate the severity of infection and may affect vaccine immunogenicity. This Review discusses global efforts to develop diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, with these considerations in mind. We also highlight vaccine and diagnostic production platforms that are being developed in Africa and that could be translated into clinical development through appropriate partnerships for manufacture. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32913297/ doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00441-3 id: cord-354468-bew35s8q author: Margus, Colton title: Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission date: 2020-08-18 words: 4005.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354468-bew35s8q.txt summary: title: Discharge in pandemic: Suspected Covid-19 patients returning to the Emergency Department within 72 hours for admission In this paper, we focus on ED disposition decision-making in New York City during the Covid-19 pandemic, by identifying patients suspected of Covid-19 who are discharged yet ultimately require hospital return and admission within 72 hours. Case subjects were identified as those patients suspected of Covid-19 and discharged from the ED but who returned to an ED within the system in 72 hours and required admission. This analysis of suspected Covid-19 patients aimed to describe key features of the initial ED visit that may ultimately influence the likelihood of ED return for admission within 72 hours of discharge. Prior to the emergence of Covid-19, several studies assessing return admission indicated associations with increasing age, disease severity, ambulance transport, gastrointestinal or infectious disease symptoms, and prolonged time in the ED. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has led to unprecedented healthcare demand. This study seeks to characterize Emergency Department (ED) discharges suspected of Covid-19 that are admitted within 72 h. METHODS: We abstracted all adult discharges with suspected Covid-19 from five New York City EDs between March 2nd and April 15th. Those admitted within 72 h were then compared against those who were not using descriptive and regression analysis of background and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Discharged ED patients returning within 72 h were more often admitted if suspected of Covid-19 (32.9% vs 12.1%, p < .0001). Of 7433 suspected Covid-19 discharges, the 139 (1.9%) admitted within 72 h were older (55.4 vs. 45.6 years, OR 1.03) and more often male (1.32) or with a history of obstructive lung disease (2.77) or diabetes (1.58) than those who were not admitted (p < .05). Additional associations included non-English preference, cancer, heart failure, hypertension, renal disease, ambulance arrival, higher triage acuity, longer ED stay or time from symptom onset, fever, tachycardia, dyspnea, gastrointestinal symptoms, x-ray abnormalities, and decreased platelets and lymphocytes (p < .05 for all). On 72-h return, 91 (65.5%) subjects required oxygen, and 7 (5.0%) required mechanical ventilation in the ED. Twenty-two (15.8%) of the study group have since died. CONCLUSION: Several factors emerge as associated with 72-h ED return admission in subjects suspected of Covid-19. These should be considered when assessing discharge risk in clinical practice. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073567572030721X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.034 id: cord-279534-klqg8wnh author: Mari, Giulio M. title: A 10-step guide to convert a surgical unit into a COVID-19 unit during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-27 words: 794.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279534-klqg8wnh.txt summary: Please enter the name of the registry, the hyperlink to the registration and the unique identifying number of the study. We present a 10-step guide meant to implement a COVID-19 unit starting from a General Surgery Division, as reported from our experience from a medium volume hospital in Northern Everyone who has to enter a COVID-19 unit must know how to properly protect themselves. 6. To ensure the connection with the nursing staff, a surgeon must always be present in medical shifts, together with an internal doctor, expert in the field of respiratory diseases and ventilation. 7. Dedicated technical staff had to create a clean-dirty path for medical and nursing staff and for the COVID-19 patients within the unit. A 24-hour direct connection with an anesthesiologist and an intensivist dedicated to the COVID-19 unit has to be instituted. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 -Studies Needed abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120303514?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.052 id: cord-308357-sjravgng author: Mariania, Silvia title: Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID‐19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-28 words: 1314.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308357-sjravgng.txt summary: Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long‐standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction of routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. A special population at risk for COVID-19 includes end-stage heart failure (HF) patients and, more specifically, patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). All rights reserved Each LVAD recipient routinely followed-up in the outpatient clinic enters the telemonitoring algorithm Moreover, in order to enter this monitoring program, the patient should be judged as adequately educated through extensive talks and training sessions focused on driveline dressing techniques, battery and controller exchange, blood pressure, fluids and anticoagulation self-management. Figure 1 -Algorithm for out of hospital left ventricular assist device (LVAD) management during COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic touching thousands of patients all around the world. Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long‐standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction of routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. Potential deleterious effects of such a situation can be delayed recognition of LVAD‐related complications, misdiagnosis of COVID‐19 and impaired social and psychological well‐being for patents and families. As one of the largest LVAD programs worldwide, we designed a sustainable and enforceable telemonitoring algorithm which can be easily adapted to every LVAD center so to maintain optimal quality of care of LVAD patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32464685/ doi: 10.1111/aor.13744 id: cord-324265-j3v3i8vm author: Marietta, Marco title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers date: 2020-07-11 words: 5031.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324265-j3v3i8vm.txt summary: The severity of the derangement of coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients has been associated with a poor prognosis, and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and by Several Scientific societies. In these patients, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) seemed to be associated with a lower risk of death [10] and is currently recommended by the World Health Organization [11] and by several scientific societies [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] (Table 1) . abstract: The acute respiratory illnesses caused by severe acquired respiratory syndrome corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency, involving more than 8.6 million people worldwide with more than 450,000 deaths. Among the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the disease that results from SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, a prominent feature is a pro-thrombotic derangement of the hemostatic system, possibly representing a peculiar clinicopathologic manifestation of viral sepsis. The severity of the derangement of coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients has been associated with a poor prognosis, and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and by Several Scientific societies. However, some relevant issues on the relationships between COVID-19, coagulopathy and VTE have yet to be fully elucidated. This review is particularly focused on four clinical questions: What is the incidence of VTE in COVID-19 patients? How do we frame the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy? Which role, if any, do antiphospolipid antibodies have? How do we tackle COVID-19 coagulopathy? In the complex scenario of an overwhelming pandemic, most everyday clinical decisions have to be taken without delay, although not yet supported by a sound scientific evidence. This review discusses the most recent findings of basic and clinical research about the COVID-associated coagulopathy, to foster a more thorough knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this compelling disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02432-x doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02432-x id: cord-314843-vw8a1994 author: Marijon, Eloi title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study date: 2020-05-27 words: 3824.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314843-vw8a1994.txt summary: 6, 7 In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of OHCA during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods using a real-time multisource surveillance system set up in 2011, in an urban region (Paris and its suburbs, France). 9 In Paris and its suburbs (6·8 millions inhabitants), patients with OHCA are managed by the Paris EMS, a two-tiered response system, coordinated via a unique dispatch centre (not changed during the pandemic period): 12, 13 (1) Non-traumatic OHCA was defined as any cardiac arrest, after exclusion of cases with obvious accidental causes, irrespective of whether resuscitation was attempted or not. Although our findings might be partly related to direct COVID-19 deaths-patients suspected to have or had received a diagnosis of COVID-19 accounted for a third of the increase in cases of OHCA-indirect effects related to lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although mortality due to COVID-19 is, for the most part, robustly tracked, its indirect effect at the population level through lockdown, lifestyle changes, and reorganisation of health-care systems has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an urban region during the pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods. METHODS: We did a population-based, observational study using data for non-traumatic OHCA (N=30 768), systematically collected since May 15, 2011, in Paris and its suburbs, France, using the Paris Fire Brigade database, together with in-hospital data. We evaluated OHCA incidence and outcomes over a 6-week period during the pandemic in adult inhabitants of the study area. FINDINGS: Comparing the 521 OHCAs of the pandemic period (March 16 to April 26, 2020) to the mean of the 3052 total of the same weeks in the non-pandemic period (weeks 12–17, 2012–19), the maximum weekly OHCA incidence increased from 13·42 (95% CI 12·77–14·07) to 26·64 (25·72–27·53) per million inhabitants (p<0·0001), before returning to normal in the final weeks of the pandemic period. Although patient demographics did not change substantially during the pandemic compared with the non-pandemic period (mean age 69·7 years [SD 17] vs 68·5 [18], 334 males [64·4%] vs 1826 [59·9%]), there was a higher rate of OHCA at home (460 [90·2%] vs 2336 [76·8%]; p<0·0001), less bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (239 [47·8%] vs 1165 [63·9%]; p<0·0001) and shockable rhythm (46 [9·2%] vs 472 [19·1%]; p<0·0001), and longer delays to intervention (median 10·4 min [IQR 8·4–13·8] vs 9·4 min [7·9–12·6]; p<0·0001). The proportion of patients who had an OHCA and were admitted alive decreased from 22·8% to 12·8% (p<0·0001) in the pandemic period. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pandemic period remained significantly associated with lower survival rate at hospital admission (odds ratio 0·36, 95% CI 0·24–0·52; p<0·0001). COVID-19 infection, confirmed or suspected, accounted for approximately a third of the increase in OHCA incidence during the pandemic. INTERPRETATION: A transient two-times increase in OHCA incidence, coupled with a reduction in survival, was observed during the specified time period of the pandemic when compared with the equivalent time period in previous years with no pandemic. Although this result might be partly related to COVID-19 infections, indirect effects associated with lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account when considering mortality data and public health strategies. FUNDING: The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30117-1 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30117-1 id: cord-315696-43wmazxa author: Marinaki, Smaragdi title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients’ Lives and Allografts date: 2020-09-16 words: 6015.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315696-43wmazxa.txt summary: title: A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Universal Effort to Preserve Patients'' Lives and Allografts Kidney transplant (KTx) recipients have been recently classified by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 [2] . All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. All major adverse outcomes (O) of COVID-19 infection, i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and death, were recorded as were recovery and discharge. A Case Report of Oligosymptomatic Kidney Transplant Patients with COVID-19: Do They Pose a Risk to Other Recipients? abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a significant challenge to physicians and healthcare systems worldwide. Evidence about kidney transplant (KTx) recipients is still limited. A systematic literature review was performed. We included 63 articles published from 1 January until 7 July 2020, reporting on 420 adult KTx recipients with confirmed COVID-19. The mean age of patients was 55 ± 15 years. There was a male predominance (67%). The majority (74%) were deceased donor recipients, and 23% were recently transplanted (<1 year). Most patients (88%) had at least one comorbidity, 29% had two, and 18% three. Ninety-three percent of cases were hospitalized. Among them, 30% were admitted to the intensive care unit, 45% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 44% had acute kidney injury with 23% needing renal replacement therapy. From the hospitalized patients a total of 22% died, 59% were discharged, and 19% were still in hospital at the time of publication. Immunosuppression was reduced in 27%, discontinued in 31%, and remained unchanged in 5%. Hydroxychloroquine was administered to 78% of patients, antibiotics to 73%, and antivirals to 30% while 25% received corticosteroid boluses, 28% received anti-interleukin agents, and 8% were given immunoglobulin. The main finding of our analysis was that the incidence of COVID-19 among kidney transplant patients is not particularly high, but when they do get infected, this is related to significant morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947798/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9092986 id: cord-321499-17n9tj70 author: Marini, John J. title: Integrating the evidence: confronting the COVID-19 elephant date: 2020-07-25 words: 1707.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321499-17n9tj70.txt summary: The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that figures so prominently in severe cases of COVID infection may seem familiar but has historically predisposed to such logical missteps [6] . This simple perception provided for adult patients a convenient explanation that paralleled that of the infant respiratory distress syndrome, a condition for which the root cause mechanism had already been confirmed [8] . As pathologic severity increases, key definitional features of ARDS (extensive infiltrates, hypoxemia) usually proceed in synch, serving to guide clinical treatment and prognosis by gas exchange criteria. Respiratory system compliance is not invariably low in the presence of severe hypoxemia Do patients progress to diffuse airspace disease via patient self-inflicted lung injury (PSILI)? Covid-19 does not lead to a "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome Management of Covid-19 respiratory distress Potential for lung recruitment and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome from coronavirus disease 2019 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710146/ doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06195-z id: cord-275336-lnhkux0m author: Marino Gammazza, Antonella title: Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 1935.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275336-lnhkux0m.txt summary: title: Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19 disease, has the potential to elicit autoimmunity because mimicry of human molecular chaperones by viral proteins. We compared viral proteins with human molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, to determine if they share amino acid-sequence segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential, which can elicit cross-reactive antibodies and effector immune cells with the capacity to damage-destroy human cells by a mechanism of autoimmunity. We identified the chaperones that can putatively participate in molecular mimicry phenomena after SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on those for which endothelial cell plasma-cell membrane localization has already been demonstrated. We compared the amino acid sequences of all the SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the sequences of human chaperones to determine if they share segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential that might be causing autoimmunity. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19 disease, has the potential to elicit autoimmunity because mimicry of human molecular chaperones by viral proteins. We compared viral proteins with human molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, to determine if they share amino acid-sequence segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential, which can elicit cross-reactive antibodies and effector immune cells with the capacity to damage-destroy human cells by a mechanism of autoimmunity. We identified the chaperones that can putatively participate in molecular mimicry phenomena after SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on those for which endothelial cell plasma-cell membrane localization has already been demonstrated. We also postulate that post-translational modifications, induced by physical (shear) and chemical (metabolic) stress caused respectively by the risk factors hypertension and diabetes, might have a role in determining plasma-cell membrane localization and, in turn, autoimmune-induced endothelial damage. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3 doi: 10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3 id: cord-320663-xypg6evo author: Market, Marisa title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies date: 2020-06-23 words: 14038.0 sentences: 659.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt summary: A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. Natural Killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system and are critical in the response to many viral infections in humans and animal models (1) (2) (3) . Altogether these studies show that during acute CoV infection, inflammatory monocyte-macrophages and neutrophils accumulate in the lungs and produce cytokines and chemokines that induce the activation and migration of lymphocytes, including NK cells, to the lungs, where they could be one of the main producers of IFN-γ (148). Studies have reported that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have lower levels of circulating NK cells and these express a greater level of inhibitory receptors (e.g., NKG2A) while producing less IFN-γ (127, 129, 130) . abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders critical for viral clearance and immunomodulation. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated. Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities can therefore be inferred from studies assessing NK cell phenotype and function during SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. These studies suggest a reduction in circulating NK cell numbers and/or an exhausted phenotype following infection and hint toward the dampening of NK cell responses by coronaviruses. Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Conversely, in light of data linking inflammation with coronavirus disease severity, it is necessary to examine NK cell potential in mediating immunopathology. A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond in both early and late coronavirus infections, and the implication for ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials. Using this immunological lens, we outline recommendations for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in clearing the virus while preventing the harm of immunopathological responses. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512 id: cord-271221-aoc61qy5 author: Markowitz, Kenneth title: Fever and other clinical indicators may fail to detect COVID-19 infected individuals date: 2020-09-22 words: 676.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271221-aoc61qy5.txt summary: Instead, the authors examined a sample of people at risk for COVID-19 infection, a group of Japanese nationals evacuated from Wuhan, China, to Japan. All 565 evacuees were assessed for symptoms including fever determined by temperature screening, and interviews to collect information concerning cough and other non-specific symptoms that are consistent with COVID-19 infection. These results indicate that symptom-based screening of COVID-19 is likely to fail to detect many infected individuals. The rationale behind COVID-19 screening by assessing temperature and self-reported flu-like symptoms is to identify individuals who are likely to be infected. Although commonly conducted in dental facilities, using body temperature measurements and a person''s self-report of symptoms can fail to identify COVID-19 infected individuals. The evidence does however indicate that symptom-based screening of patients and staff for COVID-19 should not be relied on to protect the dental environment from this virus. Effectiveness of airport screening at detecting travellers infected with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532338220301627?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101499 id: cord-310753-sv88b0dt author: Marks, M. title: Transmission of COVID-19 in 282 clusters in Catalonia, Spain: a cohort study date: 2020-10-27 words: 3585.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310753-sv88b0dt.txt summary: By the time of performing this search, various 57 authors had reported on retrospective analyses of clusters of index cases and their corresponding contacts, 58 as well as series of patients who developed symptomatic Covid-19 disease after PCR positive result. The objective of this study was to evaluate transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of a trial 109 of post-exposure prophylaxis and evaluate the influence of baseline variables-including viral load of the 110 index cases and exposed contacts-to transmission, development of symptomatic disease, and the 111 incubation period. Also, after excluding 215 contacts who were PCR positive at the first study visit, we found no association between the viral load of 216 the index case and the time to onset of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 1.01 95% CI 0.83-1.23). abstract: Background There remains limited data on what variables affect the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and developing symptomatic Covid-19 and in particular the relationship to viral load (VL). Methods We analysed data collected in a trial of hydroxychloroquine post-exposure prophylaxis. Covid-19 cases and their contacts were identified through the local epidemiological surveillance system. VL, estimated by quantitative PCR, was assessed at enrollment, at day 14, and whenever the participant reported Covid-19-like symptoms. Risk of transmission, risk of developing symptomatic disease and incubation dynamics were evaluated using random-effects regression analysis. Findings We identified 314 cases, 282 of which had at least one contact (753 contacts in total). Ninety (33%) of 282 clusters had at least one transmission event. The secondary attack rate was 16% (125/753), with a variation from 12% to 24% for VL of the index case of <106, and >109 copies/mL, respectively (OR per log10 increase in VL 1.3 95%CI 1.1 to 1.6). Increased risk of transmission was also associated with household contact (OR 2.7; 1.4 to 5.06) and age of the contact (OR 1.02; 1.01 to 1.04). The proportion of PCR positive contacts who developed symptomatic Covid-19 was 40.3% (181/449), with a variation from 25% to 60% for VL of the contact <107, and >109 copies/mL (HR log10 increase in VL 1.12; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.2). Time to onset of symptomatic disease decreased from a median of 7 days (IQR 5 to 10) for individuals with an initial viral load <107 to 6 days (4 to 8) and 5 days (3 to 8) for individuals with an initial viral load of 107 to 109 and >109, respectively. Interpretation We show that the viral load of the index case is a leading driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The risk of symptomatic Covid-19 is strongly associated with viral load of the contact at baseline, which shortens the incubation time in a dose-dependent manner. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.20220277v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220277 id: cord-263099-uhou04sp author: Marlais, Matko title: The severity of COVID-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication date: 2020-05-13 words: 596.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263099-uhou04sp.txt summary: 1 We are currently managing an ongoing survey that includes children aged 0-19 years with kidney disease on immunosuppressive medication who are diagnosed with COVID-19. These data from a small number of children suggests that even child ren receiving immunosuppressive treatment for various indications appear to have a mild clinical course of COVID-19. Similarly, a study with eight children with inflammatory bowel disease found that all children diagnosed with COVID-19 had a mild infection, despite treatment with immunomodulators, biologics, or both. Although with a survey administered online there is a risk of underreporting because not all clinicians might receive it, we believe that the widespread dissemination of this survey across multiple international organisations would mean that most severe cases of COVID-19 in children with kidney disease would be reported. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352464220301450 doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30145-0 id: cord-272491-a84pahdr author: Maron-Gutierrez, Tatiana title: Cell-Free Therapies: Novel Approaches for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 words: 3330.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272491-a84pahdr.txt summary: Cell-free therapies, such as the MSC secretome (obtained as conditioned medium) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs, have been studied in ARDS (16) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (17, 18) for their antiinflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effects, as well as their epithelial and endothelial regenerative properties. The MSC secretome, in the form of conditioned medium containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mitochondria, could be transformed into a stable product for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. many researchers and international societies, including the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and the International Society for Cellular and Gene Therapies (ISCT), have expressed concern regarding the use of EVs-whether derived from MSCs or from other cell sources-in the treatment of COVID-19 (19) . Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of current literature and potential future treatment options abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.583017 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583017 id: cord-341387-ovwiqmmj author: Marone, Enrico M. title: Characteristics of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter experience from Northern Italy. date: 2020-07-14 words: 1474.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341387-ovwiqmmj.txt summary: This study aims to outline the main characteristics of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients, based on experience of four high-volume COVID-19 hospitals in Northern Italy. In fact, like in other 50 respiratory infections, important alterations in the hemostatic functions, namely a procoagulant 51 effect, have been described in critically ill COVID-19 patients, yielding to an increased incidence of 52 venous thromboembolism (VTE) that has been estimated between 25% and 29% among those 53 hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) [2-3]. However, although the higher liability of COVID-54 19 patients to develop VTE is widely acknowledged, many aspects of this frequent and worrisome 55 complication have not been investigated yet: the most pressing questions that need to be addressed 56 concern its time of onset, if and how it relates with the severity and progression of the pneumonia, 57 and whether it affects in particular some venous districts. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The liability of patients affected by novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to develop venous thromboembolic events (VTE) is widely acknowledged. However, many particulars of the interactions between the two diseases are still unknown. This study aims to outline the main characteristics of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients, based on experience of four high-volume COVID-19 hospitals in Northern Italy. METHODS: All cases of COVID-19 in-hospital patients undergoing duplex ultrasound (DUS) for clinically suspected DVT between March 1(st) and April 25(th) 2020 were reviewed. Demographics and clinical data of all patients with confirmed DVT were recorded. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiographies of the same population were also examined looking for signs of PE. RESULTS: of 101 DUS performed, 42 were positive for DVT, 7 for superficial thrombophlebitis and 24 for PE, 8 of which associated with a DVT. Most had a moderate (43.9%) or mild (16.9%) pneumonia. All venous districts were involved. Time of onset varied greatly, but diagnosis was more frequent in the first two weeks since in-hospital acceptance (73.8%). Most PEs involved the most distal pulmonary vessels, and two thirds occurred in absence of a recognizable deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: DVT, thrombophlebitis and PE are different aspects of COVID-19 procoagulant activity and they can arise regardless of severity of respiratory impairment. All venous districts can be involved, including the pulmonary arteries, where the high number and distribution of the thrombotic lesions without signs of DVT could hint a primitive thrombosis rather than embolism. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0890509620305987 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.07.007 id: cord-273913-xem3alih author: Marraha, Farah title: A Review of the Dermatological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-11 words: 4225.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273913-xem3alih.txt summary: In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. e first case infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China, in late November 2019. ese skin lesions can guide clinicians for diagnosis if the patients present other COVID-19 symptoms; however, viral infection cannot be the only cause; mediated inflammatory responses and drug reactions can also be suspected. e aim of our literature review is to report the various cutaneous manifestations described to date associated with COVID-19, the skin problems related to personal protective equipment, and the different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug reactions [6, 7] . e frequency of the skin lesions associated with COVID-19 infection varies according to the series; in a Chinese study of 1099 positive cases, the incidence was only 0.2%, while in an Italian series of 88 patients it was 20.4% [42] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected 210 countries and territories around the world. The virus has spread rapidly, and the disease is still extending up to now. The pathophysiology for SARS-CoV-2 has not been well elucidated, and diverse hypotheses to date have been proposed. Initially, no skin manifestations were observed among patients with COVID-19, but recently a few cases have been described. In this review, we discuss these various cutaneous manifestations and skin problems related to personal protective equipment, as well as different cutaneous anti-COVID-19 drug-associated reactions. We also focus on the currently proposed managements of these rare manifestations. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9360476 doi: 10.1155/2020/9360476 id: cord-023483-owgs4syo author: Marshall, John L title: Colorectal cancer care in the age of coronavirus: strategies to reduce risk and maintain benefit date: 2020-04-16 words: 2826.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023483-owgs4syo.txt summary: It is virtually impossible to detail every possible scenario that clinicians and patients could face over the coming months, so instead we are providing a broader outline of the basic principles we are incorporating into decision making, specific ideas of how to modify common treatment regimens and a table highlighting strategic guidance to consider when making multidisciplinary recommendations. It is important to recognize that while our current guidelines do reflect the current standards, there are significant modifications that can be made, which are unlikely to result in any major significant negative impact on an individual patient; However, there are key moments in the treatment of colorectal cancer where we are delivering curative therapy. We must continue to support our patients so that they receive optimized treatment for their colorectal cancer, while at the same time minimizing their individual risk of infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170009/ doi: 10.2217/crc-2020-0010 id: cord-335122-8s3bcyo8 author: Marshall, Steve title: COVID-19: What do we know? date: 2020-09-21 words: 5249.0 sentences: 375.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335122-8s3bcyo8.txt summary: 44, 45, [47] [48] [49] The amount of viable SARS-CoV-2 in droplet nuclei remains unclear, but in subjects infected with other respiratory viruses, such as influenza, experiments comparing coughing and breathing suggest an equivalent production of viral RNA and replication-competent virus, detected at close range (< 12 inches). 78 In situations where healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) attend to patients with COVID-19 and do not perform medical AGPs, direct airborne transmission of replicationcompetent SARS-CoV-2 has not been confirmed. 79 The results of hospital studies evaluating aerosolization of body fluids and respiratory droplets of SARS-CoV-1 infected patients generated during certain medical AGPs (tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, etc.), suggest that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be possible during these procedures. Currently there are no studies reporting airborne viable (replication-competent) SARS-CoV-2 virus J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f in hospital settings where infected patients are cared for, but not subjected to medical AGPs, by healthcare workers wearing surgical masks. abstract: Evidence regarding provision of orthodontic care during COVID-19 pandemic is examined. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889540620305758?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.010 id: cord-307089-344rhiw0 author: Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima title: Covid-19 in Brazil date: 2020-04-27 words: 1946.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307089-344rhiw0.txt summary: Italy showed a lower testing capacity than China and other countries such as Germany during the first weeks of COVID-19 pandemic, but the capacity to perform real-time PCR has improved, giving better epidemiologic data of less severe cases and asymptomatic individuals carrying the coronavirus in the population. (i) Brazil has many risk groups as described by World Health Organization (WHO) like those older than 60 years and with prognostic comorbidity, which may occur when diseases predispose the patient to (ii) Brazil is a continental country with a population that is different in each region based on social behavior, genetics (each region has a different level of ancestral contribution of African, Caucasians and Indigenous genomes) and economic backgrounds raising the need for different medical and social managements in each area. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371054/ doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.008 id: cord-283744-qkvo6cji author: Marston, Cicely title: Community participation is crucial in a pandemic date: 2020-05-04 words: 1211.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283744-qkvo6cji.txt summary: Community participation is essential in the collective response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from compliance with lockdown, to the steps that need to be taken as countries ease restrictions, to community support through volunteering. This requires dedicated staff who can help governments engage in dialogue with citizens, work to integrate the response across health and social care, and coordinate links with other sectors such as policing and education. Second, those of us working to address COVID-19 in the health and social care sectors and beyond should look to existing community groups and networks to build coproduction. All societies have community groups that can co-create better pandemic response and health services and politicians must be supported to incorporate these voices. Social mobilization and community engagement central to the Ebola response in west Africa: lessons for future public health emergencies abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620310540 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31054-0 id: cord-257263-906epvo1 author: Martellucci, Cecilia Acuti title: Changes in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 incidence in Italy using GIS-based maps date: 2020-07-18 words: 1542.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257263-906epvo1.txt summary: Although the epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Italy on January 31, 2020, no reports on the use of GIS-based maps have been published to analyze the distinct differences in incidence rates across its regions and provinces during the last months. For these reasons, we have developed epidemiological maps of incidence rates using official populations, by regions (1st administrative level of the country) and provinces (2nd administrative level), for COVID-19 in Italy using GIS. Surveillance cases data of the cumulative number at March 15, April 18, and June 8, 2020, officially reported by the Italian health authorities were used to estimate the cumulated incidence rates on those dates using reference population data on SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infections (cases/100,000 pop) and to develop the maps by regions and provinces, using the GIS software Kosmo ® 3.1, as performed in previous related studies [6, 7] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00373-z doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-00373-z id: cord-342013-k54u2q0d author: Martenot, Antoine title: Favorable outcomes among neonates not separated from their symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers date: 2020-11-03 words: 1944.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342013-k54u2q0d.txt summary: 1, 2 Although neonates born of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy are seemingly vulnerable to infection, studies have found that they were not at a high risk for severe infection and were very rarely affected by COVID-19. This strategy involved preservation of continuous mother-infant proximity with specific hygienic measures, breast milk as the main source of feeding, early discharge with home isolation, and a structured follow-up with hospital-assisted home care. Breastfeeding may protect against the horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as specific antibodies against this virus have been found in the breast milk of a COVID-19-infected mother. 19 Our results support early postnatal proximity, despite many mothers worldwide being separated from their newborn infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, safely maintaining familycentered perinatal care and continuing the promotion of bonding between neonates and their SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers appear possible, as these newborns are very rarely infected and, if infected, show only mild symptoms. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33144706/ doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01226-3 id: cord-312374-gu9tq48n author: Martin Arranz, Eduardo title: Management of COVID-19 Pandemic in Spanish Inflammatory Bowel Disease Units: Results From a National Survey date: 2020-06-04 words: 2486.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312374-gu9tq48n.txt summary: The survey included items in 5 sections asking about the structure of IBD units, structural changes adopted because of the current pandemic, recommendations regarding immunosuppressive and biologic treatments during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, adopted measures regarding suspected COVID-19 in patients with IBD, and management of patients with IBD with confirmed COVID-19. During the COVID-19 crisis, 100% of hospitals surveyed have cancelled elective onsite consultation and changed to phone assistance, 40% have also attended patients via e-mail, and 13% have used social media to inform patients about the latest updates regarding IBD and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected Spain, with 205,905 cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 22,902 deaths registered up to April 24, 2020, and has forced all hospitals to change their clinical practice, suspending all ambulatory procedures to minimize the risk of infection and relocating doctors and nurses to attend COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic that has represented a challenge to health systems worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) units have been forced to change their practices to address the disease and to ensure the quality of care. METHODS: We conducted a national survey among IBD gastroenterologist members of the Spanish Working Group on Crohn’s Disease and Colitis regarding changes of practice, IBD treatments, and diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS: We received 54 answers from Spanish hospitals. One hundred percent of the IBD units rescheduled onsite visits to telematic consultation, and elective endoscopic and surgical procedures were delayed. Protective measures were also taken in the infusion units (100% of health centers) and hospital pharmacies, with 40.7% sending subcutaneous medications to patients. No switching between intravenous and subcutaneous anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs were made. We also found that 96.1% of IBD units advised their patients to maintain treatment if they were asymptomatic for COVID-19. For patients with COVID-19 symptoms, 92.6% of IBD units referred them to primary care or the emergency department. In addition, 7.5% of IBD units made a COVID-19 diagnosis through polymerase chain reaction and/or chest x-ray. Modifications in IBD treatment and treatment recommended for COVID-19 are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We report a representative national survey of changes made in the structure, diagnosis of COVID-19, and modifications in IBD treatments within IBD units. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa142 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa142 id: cord-307227-x6xketcn author: Martin, William R. title: Repurposing of FDA-Approved Toremifene to Treat COVID-19 by Blocking the Spike Glycoprotein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-10 words: 3999.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307227-x6xketcn.txt summary: Here, we combine homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding affinity calculations to determine potential targets for toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator which we have previously identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. These results suggest potential structural mechanisms for toremifene by blocking the spike protein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2, offering a drug candidate for COVID-19. 2, 3 In our initial network-based drug repurposing study, 4 we identified toremifene, another selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), as a strong candidate for the potential treatment of COVID-19. A drug repurposing study for SARS-CoV-1 5 indicated a low 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) for toremifene, and noted that estrogen signaling may not be involved in the inhibitory pathway, similar to that of inhibition of Ebola. Future work will be needed to confirm these results; optimally, the determination of a cocrystal structure with Journal of Proteome Research pubs.acs.org/jpr Article NSP14 and/or the spike glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 with toremifene would be solved. abstract: [Image: see text] The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to the death of more than 675,000 worldwide and over 150,000 in the United States alone. However, there are currently no approved effective pharmacotherapies for COVID-19. Here, we combine homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding affinity calculations to determine potential targets for toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator which we have previously identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. Our results indicate the possibility of inhibition of the spike glycoprotein by toremifene, responsible for aiding in fusion of the viral membrane with the cell membrane, via a perturbation to the fusion core. An interaction between the dimethylamine end of toremifene and residues Q954 and N955 in heptad repeat 1 (HR1) perturbs the structure, causing a shift from what is normally a long, helical region to short helices connected by unstructured regions. Additionally, we found a strong interaction between toremifene and the methyltransferase nonstructural protein (NSP) 14, which could be inhibitory to viral replication via its active site. These results suggest potential structural mechanisms for toremifene by blocking the spike protein and NSP14 of SARS-CoV-2, offering a drug candidate for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32907334/ doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00397 id: cord-348350-pac9ha4q author: Martin-Blondel, G title: Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: what still needs to be known about the kinetics date: 2020-05-11 words: 1824.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348350-pac9ha4q.txt summary: Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage COVID-19 patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population.Blood samples (n=101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles.Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations. Because of the severity of COVID-19 and the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in SLE patients [5] , a loading dose was rapidly included in the new hospital regimens to optimize drug distribution in tissues and more precisely in the lungs. For each regimen applied at the Toulouse University Hospital, an example of the expected kinetic profiles for a body weight of 80 kg (the median weight in our population) are presented in Figure 1 with the corresponding serum concentration for each patient. abstract: Different dosage regimens of hydroxychloroquine are used to manage COVID-19 patients, without information on the pharmacokinetics in this population.Blood samples (n=101) were collected from 57 COVID-19 patients for 7 days and concentrations were compared with simulated kinetic profiles.Hydroxychloroquine exposure is low and cannot be predicted by other populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392332/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa558 id: cord-279719-z0wuajpx author: Martin-Fumadó, Carles title: Medico-legal and ethical considerations on resource limitation and clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-15 words: 4957.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279719-z0wuajpx.txt summary: Resource rationing has been necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore consensus documents have been published for decision-making based on four fundamental ethical values: maximization of benefits, treating people equally, contributing to creating social value and giving priority to the worst off, from which specific recommendations derive: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not prioritize attendance on a first-COme, first-served basis; be sensitive to scientific evidence; recognize participation in research and apply the same principles to COVID-19 patients as to non-COVID-19 patients. The aspects associated with the principle of justice expressed by Beauchamp and Childress will therefore be of key importance in resolving the ethical and medical-legal problems arising from the fair assignation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has raised ethical and medico-legal problems, which include the equitable allocation of health resources, especially in relation to the prioritization of patients and the rationing of resources. Priority setting is always present in healthcare systems and depends on the theory of justice applicable in each society. Resource rationing has been necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore consensus documents have been published for decision-making based on four fundamental ethical values: maximization of benefits, treating people equally, contributing to creating social value and giving priority to the worst off, from which specific recommendations derive: maximize benefits; prioritize health workers; do not prioritize attendance on a first-COme, first-served basis; be sensitive to scientific evidence; recognize participation in research and apply the same principles to COVID-19 patients as to non-COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2445424920300224 doi: 10.1016/j.remle.2020.05.004 id: cord-291168-4u4cssky author: Martin-Villares, Cristina title: Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain date: 2020-08-04 words: 3217.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291168-4u4cssky.txt summary: METHODS: A multicentric prospective observational study of 1890 COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy across 120 hospitals was conducted over 7 weeks in Spain (March 28 to May 15, 2020). The group has performed a national multicentric prospective observational study on 1890 COVID-19 critical patients undergoing tracheostomy in a total of 120 hospitals in Spain. On early March, 2020, at a very critical moment of the pandemic in Spain and without published data yet from initial experiences in China or Italy, Spanish otolaryngologists began their first tracheostomies in Madrid (March, 11) and Barcelona (March, 16) , with the onrush of more than a thousand patients in their respective overcrowded ICUs, which doubled its current capacity. Between March 28 and May 15, the Spanish COVID Group, encompassing 120 hospitals, performed 1890 tracheostomies, the equivalent of 16.4% of all registered ICU patients with mechanical ventilation in Spain. abstract: BACKGROUND: The question of an optimal strategy and outcomes in COVID-19 tracheostomy has not been answered yet. The critical focus in our case study is to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy on intubated COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A multicentric prospective observational study of 1890 COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy across 120 hospitals was conducted over 7 weeks in Spain (March 28 to May 15, 2020). Data were collected with an innovative approach: instant messaging via WhatsApp. Outcome measurements: complications, achieved weaning and decannulation and survival. RESULTS: We performed 1,461 surgical (81.3%) and 429 percutaneous tracheostomies. Median timing of tracheostomy was 12 days (4–42 days) since orotracheal intubation. A close follow-up of 1616/1890 (85.5%) patients at the cut-off time of 1-month follow-up showed that in 842 (52.1%) patients, weaning was achieved, while 391 (24.2%) were still under mechanical ventilation and 383 (23.7%) patients had died from COVID-19. Decannulation among those in whom weaning was successful (n = 842) was achieved in 683 (81%) patients. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. The critical focus is the unprecedented amount of tracheostomies: 1890 in 7 weeks. Weaning could be achieved in over half of the patients with follow-up. Almost one out of four tracheotomized patients died from COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749607/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06220-3 id: cord-350006-c4be9eii author: Martina, Stefano title: The Perception of COVID-19 among Italian Dentists: An Orthodontic Point of View date: 2020-06-18 words: 3947.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350006-c4be9eii.txt summary: An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was sent to Italian dentists during the final days of the lockdown with items about anxiety, fear, distress, perceived risk for operators, and concerns about orthodontic patients caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire was comprised of 31 multiple-choice questions: 5 questions were about personal data (gender, age, region of residence); 4 were on symptoms of COVID-19; 7 were about the perceived risk for operators during orthodontic procedures, anxiety and distress caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak; 6 were about the fears for an infection and the concerns regarding orthodontic and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) patients whose treatment has been suspended due to the epidemic; 5 were about emergencies and changes in clinical procedures and work organization as a result of the COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19 has severely impacted dentists, who are at a great risk of infection. This study aimed to investigate if dentists are anxious about returning to their daily activities, and what the perception of the risk is for dentists and orthodontists regarding orthodontic procedures. An online questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), was sent to Italian dentists during the final days of the lockdown with items about anxiety, fear, distress, perceived risk for operators, and concerns about orthodontic patients caused by working during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05. A total of 349 dentists completed the survey, including 183 orthodontists. Returning to their daily work activity was a source of anxiety for 192 participants and this was associated with the level of distress (odds ratio (OR) = 3.7; p < 0.001). Most of the orthodontists (67.6%) thought that they would increase the number of working hours during the week (OR = 1.8; p = 0.007). Italian dentists were mostly scared to return to their daily activities because they considered their jobs a high risk to them and their families. Dentists with an exclusive/prevailing orthodontic activity were forced to increase their working day during the week. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570842/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124384 id: cord-287732-abzpfdcu author: Martindale, Robert title: Nutrition Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-27 words: 6232.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287732-abzpfdcu.txt summary: These variables have implications for nutritional interventions: [1] older patients are at-risk for pre-existing disease and sarcopenia which increases their risk for pre-existing malnutrition and increased risk of refeeding syndrome, [2] severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with refractory hypoxemia may require prone-positioning and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), [3] circulatory failure and concomitant feeding may increase the risk of gut ischemia and feeding intolerance, [4] multiple organ failure (MOF) and the need for early enteral nutrition (EN) to attenuate or mitigate gut derived inflammation, and [5] cytokine release syndrome which alters nutrient utilization (especially lipids). Recommendation 1: We recommend all healthcare providers, including dietitians, nurses, and physicians follow PPE standards set forth by the CDC and/or the WHO and adhere to their institutional guidelines when conducting bedside nutritional assessments for all patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 disease. abstract: In the midst of a worldwide pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a paucity of data precludes derivation of COVID‐19‐specific recommendations for nutritional therapy. Until more data are available, the focus needs to center on principles of critical care nutrition modified for the constraints of this disease process, i.e., COVID‐19‐relevant recommendations. Delivery of nutritional therapy must include strategies to reduce exposure and spread of the disease by providing clustered care, adequate protection of healthcare providers, and preservation of personal protective equipment. Enteral nutrition (EN) should be initiated early after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) using a standard isosmolar polymeric formula, starting at trophic doses and advancing as tolerated while monitoring for gastrointestinal intolerance, hemodynamic instability, and metabolic derangements. Intragastric EN may be provided safely, even with use of prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clinicians, though, should have a lower threshold for switching to parenteral nutrition in cases of intolerance, high risk of aspiration, or escalating vasopressor support. While data extrapolated from experience in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) warrants use of fiber additives and probiotic organisms. The lack of demonstrated benefit precludes a recommendation for micronutrient supplementation. Practices which increase exposure or contamination of equipment, such as use of gastric residual volumes as a monitor, indirect calorimetry to calculate requirements, endoscopy or fluoroscopy to achieve enteral access, or transport out of the ICU for additional imaging should be avoided. At all times, strategies for nutritional therapy need to be assessed on a risk/benefit basis, paying attention to risk for both the patient and the healthcare provider. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462719/ doi: 10.1002/jpen.1930 id: cord-310465-2ahfxd9c author: Martinez, David title: COVID’s Impact on Radiation Oncology: A Latin American Survey Study date: 2020-10-01 words: 2203.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310465-2ahfxd9c.txt summary: Follow-up surveys will be performed to provide dynamic monitoring the pandemic''s impact on radiation therapy services and adoption of ameliorating measures. Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American radiation therapy services has not yet been widely assessed. Purpose: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American radiation therapy services has not yet been widely assessed. Considering the region-wide existing deficit and centralized distribution of facilities, any threat to radiation therapy capacity in Latin America endangers patients'' access to ideal treatment options. 9, 10 Knowing the current real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiation therapy services across the region might yield insights for cancer control policy. Despite tremendous variability in wealth and health care capacities in countries across Latin America, this survey identifies broad effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the region''s cancer care systems. abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American radiation therapy services has not yet been widely assessed. In comparison to centers in Europe or the United States, the scarcity of data on these terms might impair design of adequate measures to ameliorate the pandemic’s potential damage. The first survey-based analysis revealing regional information is herein presented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From May 6 to May 30, 2020, the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s COVID-19 Survey was distributed across Latin America with support of the local national radiation therapy societies. Twenty-six items, including facility demographic and financial characteristics, personnel and patient features, current and expected impact of the pandemic, and research perspectives, were included in the questionnaire. RESULTS: Complete responses were obtained from 115 (50%) of 229 practices across 15 countries. Only 2.6% of centers closed during the pandemic. A median of 4 radiation oncologists (1-27) and 9 (1-100) radiation therapists were reported per center. The median number of new patients treated in 2019 was 600 (24-6200). A median 8% (1%-90%) decrease in patient volume was reported, with a median of 53 patients (1-490) remaining under treatment. Estimated revenue reduction was 20% or more in 53% of cases. Shortage of personal protective equipment was reported in 51.3% of centers, and 27% reported personnel shortage due to COVID-19. Reported delays in treatment for low-risk entities included early stage breast cancer (42.6%), low-risk status prostate cancer (67%), and nonmalignant conditions (42.6%). Treatment of COVID-19 patients at designated treatment times and differentiated bunkers were reported in 22.6% and 10.4% of centers, respectively. Telehealth initiatives have been started in 64.3% of facilities to date for on-treatment (29.6%) and posttreatment (34.8%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Regional information regarding COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America may help elucidate suitable intervention strategies for personnel and patients. Follow-up surveys will be performed to provide dynamic monitoring the pandemic’s impact on radiation therapy services and adoption of ameliorating measures. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360301620313456 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.058 id: cord-323591-8r30lsq8 author: Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi title: Long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic: a dangerous idea date: 2020-08-26 words: 2353.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323591-8r30lsq8.txt summary: Among other important contributions, mathematical and statistical models are being used to forecast the short and long term course of the COVID-19 epidemic in a given population; these results are useful for estimating medical capacity requirements and to keep the public and decision-makers informed. Considering the model based on the Richards curve, it is estimated that in SP there will be K = 2,276,152 cases of COVID-19 by the end of the epidemic, and the peak of cases will occur on day b = 186.1 (tentatively, August 28, 2020). Figure 3 shows estimates of parameters K and b obtained from the fit of Richards models to the daily COVID-19 reports in SP and CE, considering a time series beginning on the date of notification of the first case in each state and ending on different dates, in a range from April 14 to July 8, 2020. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mathematical models have been used to obtain long-term forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: The daily COVID-19 case count in two Brazilian states was used to show the potential limitations of long-term forecasting through the application of a mathematical model to the data. RESULTS: The predicted number of cases at the end of the epidemic and at the moment that the peak occurs, is highly dependent on the length of the time series used in the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: Predictions obtained during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic need to be viewed with caution. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876321/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0481-2020 id: cord-289904-u3et3we5 author: Martinez, G.S. title: Protect the vulnerable from extreme heat during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 2355.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289904-u3et3we5.txt summary: These plans, generically known as Heat-health Action Plans (WHO, 2008) , typically comprise a series of interventions, including heat warning systems, advice and information on keeping safe from heat, specific outreach and care for vulnerable population groups, surveillance of heat-related mortality and illnesses, and local interventions to reduce heat exposure through cooling centers and cool recreational areas. The physical distancing measures and common space use restrictions set in place by most countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may hamper the implementation of those core heat-health prevention activities and aggravate the population''s vulnerability to extreme temperatures this summer. With the coming of high summer temperatures, it is vital that these systems are not entirely devoted to COVID-19 activity and still have the bandwidth to detect health impacts related to heat waves in order to ensure an adequate and timely response. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935120305776 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109684 id: cord-263940-dzb5idx2 author: Martinez-Lopez, J. title: Multiple Myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Inpatient Mortality date: 2020-06-30 words: 4568.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263940-dzb5idx2.txt summary: There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 . 3, 4 There are cumulative data indicating that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 and associated complications, including those receiving or not receiving treatment within the month prior to infection, 5,6 although other recent results suggest mortality may be primarily associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities. To our knowledge this is the first large case-series study to describe comprehensively the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized MM patients, compare outcomes with a non-cancer cohort of COVID-19 patients, and identify pre-admission prognostic factors of inpatient mortality. abstract: There is limited information on the characteristics, pre-admission prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective case series investigated characteristics and outcomes of 167 MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19 reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in Spain between March 1 and April 30, 2020. Outcomes were compared with a randomly selected contemporary cohort of 167 age-/sex-matched non-cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at 6 participating hospitals. Common demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome variables were collected; specific disease status and treatment data were collected for MM patients. Among the MM and non-cancer patients, median age was 71 years and 57% of patients were male in each series, and 75% and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate-severe in 77% and 89% of patients and critical in 8% and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47% and 55% of MM and non-cancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required non-invasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34% and 23% in MM and non-cancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors of inpatient mortality on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142455 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142455 id: cord-349313-2gupfqnl author: Martinez-Perez, Clara title: Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-21 words: 7148.0 sentences: 437.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349313-2gupfqnl.txt summary: This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited. Methods: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2" for the period between January and July 2020. The search of publications was carried out using the Web of Science (WOS) database with the following search terms: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "The Coronavirus Disease 2019" and "Corona Virus Disease 2019". Moreover, the most common keywords used in Chinese journals were "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Prevention and control", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Computed tomography", "Epidemic", "Public health", "MERS", "Pneumonia" and "Male". In this group, the different articles analyze the viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the most frequent symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, etc.) and experimental treatment methods such as chloroquine phosphate (Figure 7 ). abstract: Background: The first outbreaks of the new coronavirus disease, named COVID-19, occurred at the end of December 2019. This disease spread quickly around the world, with the United States, Brazil and Mexico being the countries the most severely affected. This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited. Methods: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2” for the period between January and July 2020. The Citation Network Explorer software was used for publication analysis. Results: A total of 14,335 publications were found with 42,374 citations generated in the network, with June being the month with the largest number of publications. The most cited publication was “Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China” by Guan et al., published in April 2020. Nine groups comprising different research areas in this field, including clinical course, psychology, treatment and epidemiology, were found using the clustering functionality. Conclusions: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main papers on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096796/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207690 id: cord-277879-7ftu9b9q author: Martinez-Sanz, J. title: Effects of Tocilizumab on Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study date: 2020-06-09 words: 4019.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277879-7ftu9b9q.txt summary: Propensity score logistic models predicted exposure at baseline and censoring over time as a result of recognized confounders of severe COVID-19 17, 18 including age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, lung disease), oxygen blood saturation and need for oxygen therapy at baseline, and time-varying parameters of clinical severity (blood pressure, heart rate, total lymphocyte and neutrophil count, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, D-dimers, and CRP). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 and Table S2 show the adjusted hazard ratios for exploratory sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with baseline lymphocyte count <1000 cell/µl and baseline D-dimer >1000 ng/mL segregated by CRP levels. 14 However, there are key analytical issues in this setting, including the risk of immortal time bias (i.e., the requirement for patients to survive long enough to receive the intervention of interest, which can lead to a potentially incorrect estimation of a positive treatment effect), and indication bias from time-varying confounding (e.g., the use of tocilizumab following elevations of CRP). abstract: Background While there are no treatments with proven efficacy for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19), tocilizumab has been proposed as a candidate therapy, especially among patients with higher systemic inflammation. Methods We conducted a cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID 19 in Spain. The primary outcome was time to death and the secondary outcome time to intensive care unit admission (ICU) or death. We used inverse probability weighting to fit marginal structural models adjusted for time varying covariates to determine the causal relationship between tocilizumab use and the outcomes. Results A total of 1,229 and 10,673 person/days were analyzed. In the adjusted marginal structural models, a significant interaction between tocilizumab use and high C reactive protein (CRP) levels was detected. Tocilizumab was associated with decreased risk of death (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.72, p=0.005) and ICU admission or death (aHR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.81, p=0.011) among patients with baseline CRP >150 mg/L, but not among those with CRP [≤]150 mg/L. Exploratory subgroup analyses yielded point estimates that were consistent with these findings. Conclusions In this large observational study, tocilizumab was associated with a lower risk of death or ICU or death in patients with higher CRP levels. While the results of ongoing clinical trials of tocilizumab in patients with COVID 19 will be important to establish its safety and efficacy, our findings have implications for the design of future clinical trials and support the use of tocilizumab among subjects with higher CRP levels. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125245 id: cord-352324-tle14vtm author: Martini, Chiara title: Phase 3 of COVID-19: treat your patients and care for your radiographers. A designed projection for an aware and innovative radiology department. date: 2020-10-23 words: 2547.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352324-tle14vtm.txt summary: The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans, aimed at three kinds of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). abstract: Since the spread of Covid-19 outbreak, healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced an unprecedented and unpredictable situation on the frontlines. The aim of this document is therefore to provide useful and operative recommendations to radiographers who perform imaging services, such as chest X-ray (XR) and Computer Tomography (CT) scans to three types of patients: negative, suspected or suffering from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It is paramount to design two different paths’ layouts for patients entering the Radiology Department. One path should care for the confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients, whereas the other path should be for negative patients. A setting envisaging two radiographers is highly recommended when managing Covid-19 patients. One radiographer fully-equipped with proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should deal with the patient in the scanning or x-ray room. The second one should stay in the console room wearing essential PPE. Disinfection plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of disease transmission. Moreover, having clear protocols is key to ensure personal safety and avoid cross-infections. Taking care of patients and HCWs, such as radiographers, is crucial to minimize the risk of disease transmission. Within a Radiology Department, different designed pathways should be taken into consideration both for everyday and epidemic/pandemic healthcare situations. Though Covid-19 pandemic has been a harsh experience in terms of world health and care systems for patients and health professionals - being radiographers among the most involved - we must not miss this chance to learn from what happened. There is the need to address wider causes through learning and in order to prevent failures. The distinction between passive learning (where lessons are identified but not put into practice) and active learning (where those lessons are embedded into an organization’s culture and practices) is crucial in understanding why truly effective learning so often fails to take place. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1939865420302629?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.019 id: cord-288502-qqg41daz author: Martini, Katharina title: Patterns of organizing pneumonia and microinfarcts as surrogate for endothelial disruption and microangiopathic thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-10-05 words: 3613.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288502-qqg41daz.txt summary: BACKGROUND: To evaluate chest-computed-tomography (CT) scans in coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients for signs of organizing pneumonia (OP) and microinfarction as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events. 21.1% of COVID-19 patients suspected with PE showed subpleural wedge-shaped consolidation resembling infarct pneumonia, while only 13.2% showed visible filling defects of the pulmonary artery branches on CT-PA. However, patients with suspected PE showed a higher prevalence of lung changes, resembling patterns of infarct pneumonia or OP and CT-signs of pulmonary-artery hypertension. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate possible typical parenchymal lung changes resembling patterns of infarct pneumonia or OP as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients. Our hypothesis is further strengthened by the higher presence of CT signs for pulmonary artery hypertension and right heart failure in patients undergoing CT-PA or with CT patterns resembling infarct pneumonia. However, our COVID-19 cohort showed lung changes resembling those of infarct pneumonia and OP as well as CT-signs of pulmonary-artery hypertension. abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate chest-computed-tomography (CT) scans in coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients for signs of organizing pneumonia (OP) and microinfarction as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events. METHODS: Real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients undergoing chest-CT (non-enhanced, enhanced, pulmonary-angiography [CT-PA]) from March-April 2020 were retrospectively included (COVID-19-cohort). As control-groups served 175 patients from 2020 (cohort-2020) and 157 patients from 2019 (cohort-2019) undergoing CT-PA for pulmonary embolism (PE) during the respective time frame at our institution. Two independent readers assessed for presence and location of PE in all three cohorts. In COVID-19 patients additionally parenchymal changes typical of COVID-19 pneumonia, infarct pneumonia and OP were assessed. Inter-reader agreement and prevalence of PE in different cohorts were calculated. RESULTS: From 68 COVID-19 patients (42 female [61.8%], median age 59 years [range 32–89]) undergoing chest-CT 38 obtained CT-PA. Inter-reader-agreement was good (k = 0.781). On CT-PA, 13.2% of COVID-19 patients presented with PE whereas in the control-groups prevalence of PE was 9.1% and 8.9%, respectively (p = 0.452). Up to 50% of COVID-19 patients showed changes typical for OP. 21.1% of COVID-19 patients suspected with PE showed subpleural wedge-shaped consolidation resembling infarct pneumonia, while only 13.2% showed visible filling defects of the pulmonary artery branches on CT-PA. CONCLUSION: Despite the reported hypercoagulability in critically ill patients with COVID-19, we did not encounter higher prevalence of PE in our patient cohort compared to the control cohorts. However, patients with suspected PE showed a higher prevalence of lung changes, resembling patterns of infarct pneumonia or OP and CT-signs of pulmonary-artery hypertension. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017451/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240078 id: cord-333925-5qg4mufh author: Martino, M. title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychophysical stress in patients with adrenal insufficiency: the CORTI-COVID study date: 2020-09-18 words: 4585.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333925-5qg4mufh.txt summary: METHODS: In this monocentric (Ancona University Hospital, Italy), cross-sectional study covering February-April 2020, 121 (40 primary, 81 secondary) AI patients (59 males, 55 ± 17 years) completed telematically three questionnaires: the purpose-built "CORTI-COVID", assessing medical history and concern for COVID-19-related global health, AI-specific personal health, occupational, economic, and social consequences; the AddiQoL-30; the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey. We, therefore, aimed to investigate in a cohort of AI patients, for the period February-April 2020: (a) the prevalence, clinical features, and outcome of COVID-19; (b) the prevalence of adrenal crises and their possible association with intercurrent infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or pandemic-related psychophysical stress; (c) the emotional impact of pandemic-induced lockdown and social distancing; (d) the self-reported QoL and health perception during the lockdown. abstract: PURPOSE: COVID-19 is a novel threat to patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI), whose life expectancy and quality (QoL) are impaired by an increased risk of infections and stress-triggered adrenal crises (AC). If infected, AI patients require prompt replacement tailoring. We assessed, in a cohort of AI patients: prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19; prevalence of AC and association with intercurrent COVID-19 or pandemic-related psychophysical stress; lockdown-induced emotional burden, and health-related QoL. METHODS: In this monocentric (Ancona University Hospital, Italy), cross-sectional study covering February-April 2020, 121 (40 primary, 81 secondary) AI patients (59 males, 55 ± 17 years) completed telematically three questionnaires: the purpose-built “CORTI-COVID”, assessing medical history and concern for COVID-19-related global health, AI-specific personal health, occupational, economic, and social consequences; the AddiQoL-30; the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey. RESULTS: COVID-19 occurred in one (0·8% prevalence) 48-year-old woman with primary AI, who promptly tailored her replacement. Dyspnea lasted three days, without requiring hospitalization. Secondary AI patients were not involved. No AC were experienced, but pandemic-related stress accounted for 6/14 glucocorticoid up-titrations. Mean CORTI-COVID was similar between groups, mainly depending on “personal health” in primary AI (ρ = 0.888, p < 0.0001) and “economy” in secondary AI (ρ = 0.854, p < 0.0001). Working restrictions increased occupational concern. CORTI-COVID correlated inversely with QoL. AddiQoL-30 and SF-36 correlated strongly. Comorbidities worsened patients’ QoL. CONCLUSION: If educational efforts are made in preventing acute events, AI patients seem not particularly susceptible to COVID-19. The novel “CORTI-COVID” questionnaire reliably assesses the pandemic-related emotional burden in AI. Even under unconventional stress, educated AI patients preserve a good QoL. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40618-020-01422-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32946078/ doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01422-2 id: cord-326393-gxy1w0qk author: Martino, Marcello Di title: CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD date: 2020-04-29 words: 4243.0 sentences: 399.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326393-gxy1w0qk.txt summary: title: CIRUGÍA ELECTIVA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA POR SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): ANÁLISIS DE MORBIMORTALIDAD Y RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE PRIORIZACIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES Y MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD Desde que se produjeron los primeros casos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) a finales de diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan (China), el crecimiento exponencial de esta enfermedad ha llevado a una pandemia, declarada como tal por la Organización Mundial de la Sanidad (OMS) el 11 de marzo J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 2020 (1, 2) . Se analizaron la edad, sexo, estado funcional definido según la escala ECOG (21), antecedentes personales, diagnóstico, tipo de intervención quirúrgica, momento en que se confirmó la infección por SARS-CoV-2, el tratamiento requerido para la misma (Tabla 1), la gravedad de la infección respiratoria según la BRCSS (20) y las complicaciones postoperatorias según la clasificación de Dindo-Clavien (19) . abstract: Resume Introducción: La expansión de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha requerido la adaptación de los hospitales afectados por la pandemia, causando una reducción de la actividad quirúrgica electiva. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados durante el mes previo y el pico de la pandemia. Se analizó la tasa de contagio por COVID-19, la gravedad de la infección respiratoria según la Brescia Respiratory COVID-19 Severity Scale, las medidas terapéuticas adoptadas y las complicaciones postoperatorias globales. Resultados: Desde el 17 de febrero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020 se produjo una reducción progresiva de la actividad quirúrgica, interviniéndose únicamente 213 pacientes: 59 (27,8%) de forma programada por patología tumoral, 97 (45,5%) por patología benigna y 57 (26,7%) de forma urgente. Se produjo un aumento progresivo de la tasa de contagio por COVID-19 con un total de 15 (7%) casos. De los pacientes oncológicos, 10 (16,9%) resultaron afectos; en el grupo de cirugía electiva 1 (1%) y en el grupo de cirugía urgente 4 (7%) (p<0,001). Cinco pacientes presentaron una infección respiratoria grave de los cuales 4 estaban afectos por enfermedad oncológica. Hubo 3 (1,4%) exitus, todos debidos a progresión de la infección respiratoria. Conclusiones: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía presentaron una elevada tasa de infección por COVID-19 y de complicaciones postoperatorias, sobre todo en los pacientes oncológicos. La puesta en marcha de la de la actividad quirúrgica debe basarse en una priorización de los casos a operar, respetando unas premisas de seguridad y optimización de los recursos disponibles. Abstract Introduction: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. Material and method: Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale (BRCSS), the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. Results: From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (p <0.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. Conclusions: The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408995/ doi: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2020.04.029 id: cord-290975-2kmvyovm author: Martinotti, Giovanni title: Psychopathological Burden and Quality of Life in Substance Users During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Italy date: 2020-09-03 words: 4250.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290975-2kmvyovm.txt summary: In this paper, we aim at evaluating the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relative containment measures, have had on a real-life sample of patients suffering from substance use disorders (SUDs) and/or behavioral addictions. Within the general population, problems such as feelings of frustration, aggressive behavior (2) , post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, anxiety, insomnia, perceived stress, and adjustment disorder symptoms (ADS) have increased (3) , with the consequent risk of self-medication through the abuse of alcohol and/or psychoactive substances and with a greater tendency to engage in pathological behaviors (gambling and internet addiction). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relative containment measures adopted by the Italian Government, had on patients with SUDs and/or behavioral addictions; to assess the psychopathological burden in terms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic load; and to evaluate the relevance of craving symptoms and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms and quality of life. abstract: BACKGROUND: Following the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rigid public health strategy of reduced social contact and shelter-in-place has been adopted by the Italian Government to reduce the spread of the virus. In this paper, we aim at evaluating the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the relative containment measures, have had on a real-life sample of patients suffering from substance use disorders (SUDs) and/or behavioral addictions. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was filled out by 153 addicted patients, both outpatients and residential inpatients, recruited across Italy and highly representative of the current Italian population suffering from addictions. Psychopathological burden (anxiety and depressive symptomatology, somatization, irritability, and post-traumatic symptoms), quality of life, and craving changes in daily habits were assessed. RESULTS: In our sample, we found moderate rates of depression (22.9%), anxiety (30.1%), irritability (31.6%), and post-traumatic stress (5.4%) symptoms. Psychopathological burden was globally higher among residential patients. Reported levels of craving were generally low. DISCUSSION: This study is the first attempt to collect Italian data regarding the effects of the rigid quarantine period, during the COVID-19 pandemic, on patients suffering from a SUD and/or behavioral addictions. The presence of a moderate psychopathological burden correlated to poor quality of life and low craving scores represented the main outcomes. Long-term studies, with follow-up after the end of the restrictive measures, should be considered to implement our findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101086/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.572245 id: cord-268693-td6kvmlq author: Martins, Leila Droprinchinski title: How socio-economic and atmospheric variables impact COVID-19 and Influenza outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil date: 2020-09-16 words: 4428.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268693-td6kvmlq.txt summary: COVID-19 and Influenza are both respiratory viruses and, in this study, we explore the relations of COVID-19 and Influenza with atmospheric variables and socio-economic conditions for tropical and subtropical climates in Brazil. Atmospheric variables, mobility, socio-economic conditions and population information were analyzed using a generalized additive model for daily COVID-19 cases from March 1(st) to May 15(th), 2020, and for daily Influenza hospitalizations (2017-2019) in Brazilian states representing tropical and subtropical climates. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the associations of COVID-19 cases and the number of hospital admissions by Influenza with atmospheric variables, social distancing and socio-economic conditions for different climate regions in Brazil. The socio-economic conditions also show wide variations inside the country; thus, it is a perfect J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f area to study the influence of these factors on the dissemination of COVID-19 and Influenza, two respiratory viruses with similarities in the modes of transmission. abstract: COVID-19 has been disturbing human society with an intensity never seen since the Influenza epidemic (Spanish flu). COVID-19 and Influenza are both respiratory viruses and, in this study, we explore the relations of COVID-19 and Influenza with atmospheric variables and socio-economic conditions for tropical and subtropical climates in Brazil. Atmospheric variables, mobility, socio-economic conditions and population information were analyzed using a generalized additive model for daily COVID-19 cases from March 1(st) to May 15(th), 2020, and for daily Influenza hospitalizations (2017-2019) in Brazilian states representing tropical and subtropical climates. Our results indicate that temperature combined with humidity are risk factors for COVID-19 and Influenza in both climate regimes, and the minimum temperature was also a risk factor for subtropical climate. Social distancing is a risk factor for COVID-19 in all regions. For Influenza and COVID-19, the highest relative risks (RR) generally occurred in 3 days (lag=3). Altogether among the studied regions, the most important risk factor is the Human Developed Index (HDI), with a mean RR of 1.2492 (95% CI: 1.0926-1.6706) for COVID-19, followed by the elderly fraction for both diseases. The risk factor associated with socio-economic inequalities for Influenza is probably smoothed by Influenza vaccination, which is offered free of charge to the entire Brazilian population. Finally, the findings of this study call attention to the influence of socio-economic inequalities on human health. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110184 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110184 id: cord-296314-hprl52va author: Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo title: COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. date: 2020-08-06 words: 1199.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296314-hprl52va.txt summary: title: COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions that presents regional social inequalities with millions of people living in highly dense communities, with precarious housing conditions and poor sanitation. 5 In this ecological study, we investigated the association between social inequality and COVID-19 fatality rate in Aracaju municipality, Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil. Data on COVID-19 and population data were obtained from information systems and they were used to calculate the rates of incidence and case fatality due to COVID-19 for each neighbourhood of Aracaju. Although the highest incidence rates were recorded in the neighbourhoods with better living conditions (P < 0.001), there was an increasing trend in the mortality rate in neighbourhoods with higher social inequality (P < 0.001). 10 In Aracaju, COVID-19 pandemic has exposed historical inequalities and poor communities have shown limited testing resources and higher fatality rates from COVID-19 compared with communities with better living conditions. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa128 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa128 id: cord-308354-p50vs2eb author: Martinsson, Lisa title: Were clinical routines for good end-of-life care maintained in hospitals and nursing homes during the first three months of the outbreak of COVID-19? A national register study date: 2020-10-07 words: 4270.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308354-p50vs2eb.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine whether adherence to clinical routines for good end-of-life care differed for deaths due to COVID-19 compared to a reference cohort from 2019, and whether they differed between nursing homes and hospitals. Four of the five items differed for total COVID-19 group compared to the reference cohort: fewer were examined by a physician during the last days before death, pain and oral health were less likely to be assessed, and fewer had had a specialised palliative care team consultation (p < .0001, respectively). Compared to the reference cohort from 2019, four of the five end-of-life care routines examined were conducted less often in the total COVID-19 group: significantly fewer were examined by a physician during the last days before death, pain and oral health were less likely to be assessed, and fewer had had a specialised palliative care team consultation, p < .0001 in all four comparisons ( Table 3 ). abstract: CONTEXT: Although the COVID-19 pandemic might affect important clinical routines, few studies have focused on the maintenance of good quality in end-of-life care. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine whether adherence to clinical routines for good end-of-life care differed for deaths due to COVID-19 compared to a reference cohort from 2019, and whether they differed between nursing homes and hospitals. METHODS: Data about five items reflecting clinical routines for persons who died an expected death from COVID-19 during the first three months of the pandemic (March-May 2020) were collected from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care. The items were compared between the COVID-19 group and the reference cohort, and between the nursing home and hospital COVID-19 deaths. RESULTS: 1316 expected deaths were identified in nursing homes and 685 in hospitals. Four of the five items differed for total COVID-19 group compared to the reference cohort: fewer were examined by a physician during the last days before death, pain and oral health were less likely to be assessed, and fewer had had a specialised palliative care team consultation (p < .0001, respectively). Assessment of symptoms other than pain did not differ significantly. The five items differed between the nursing homes and hospitals in the COVID-19 group, most notably regarding the proportion of persons examined by a physician during the last days (nursing homes – 18%, hospitals – 100%). CONCLUSION: This national register study shows that several clinical routines for end-of-life care did not meet the usual standards during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Higher preparedness for and monitoring of end-of-life care quality should be integrated into future pandemic plans. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33035649/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.043 id: cord-334688-0i1pu8wc author: Martos Pérez, F. title: Comorbidity and prognostic factors on admission in a COVID-19 cohort of a general hospital date: 2020-08-19 words: 3445.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334688-0i1pu8wc.txt summary: Material and methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted from 26th February 2020, who had been discharged or died up to 29th April 2020. Conclusions The presence of cardiopathy, levels of LDH ≥ 345 IU/L and age ≥ 65 years, are associated with a higher risk of death during hospital stay for COVID-19. In this study, we describe the first cases of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in a general hospital and analyze the characteristics upon admission associated with in-hospital death. Our model shows that a medical history of cardiopathy, LDH levels ≥345 IU/L upon admission, and age ≥65 years are associated with greater in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. abstract: Abstract Antecedents and objective To describe clinical features, comorbidity, and prognostic factors associated with in-hospital mortality in a cohort of COVID-19 admitted to a general hospital. Material and methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 admitted from 26th February 2020, who had been discharged or died up to 29th April 2020. A descriptive study and an analysis of factors associated with intrahospital mortality were performed. Results Out of the 101 patients, 96 were analysed. Of these, 79 (82%) recovered and were discharged, and 17 (18%) died in the hospital. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction to SARS-CoV2 in 92 (92.5%). The mean age was 63 years, and 66% were male. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (40%), diabetes mellitus (16%) y cardiopathy (14%). Patients who died were older (mean 77 vs 60 years), had higher prevalence of hypertension (71% vs 33%), and cardiopathy (47% vs 6%), and higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive C protein (mean 662 vs 335 UI/L, and 193 vs 121 mg/L respectively) on admission. In a multivariant analysis the variables significantly associated to mortality were the presence of cardiopathy (CI 95% OR 2,58-67,07), levels of LDH ≥ 345 IU/L (CI 95% OR 1,52-46,00), and age ≥ 65 years (CI 95% OR 1,23-44,62). Conclusions The presence of cardiopathy, levels of LDH ≥ 345 IU/L and age ≥ 65 years, are associated with a higher risk of death during hospital stay for COVID-19. This model should be validated in prospective cohorts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2254887420300928?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rceng.2020.05.010 id: cord-332795-kcvj1kmx author: Martín Carreras‐Presas, Carmen title: SARS‐CoV‐2 oral associated lesions: discussion of elicited response date: 2020-07-04 words: 1486.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332795-kcvj1kmx.txt summary: Some authors mention in their letters that our report was not the first COVID-19 patient with intraoral manifestations. (Galvan Casas et al., 2020) and also Chaux-Bodard et al., for having published the first report of a patient with oral and cutaneous manifestations just 5 days before our article was published. In response to Dr. Ponce and Dr. Abu-Hammad, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is difficult in some cases since they may resemble other clinical features commonly seen in other viral processes, but the suspected COVID-19 cases that we reported, were clinically compatible with the findings in the literature about SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Lombardo & Pagnoncellia, 2020; Vieira, 2020; Rocha, Figueiredo & Resende, 2020) Lastly, Dr. Patel and Wolley reported a necrotizing periodontal disease in a 35 year old female patient suspected of having COVID-19 as a response to our article. Letter to the Editor: Necrotizing periodontal disease: oral manifestation of COVID-19. Letter to the Editor: Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection? abstract: This pandemic phenomenon has generated a large number of publications (19 May in Pubmed 2267), all of them aimed a better knowledge of its microbiological and serological characteristics, clinical expressions, and complications, trying to find those situations that could be more serious indicators. The search for these characteristics does not escape the oral sphere. Our group had the opportunity to find the cases presented and the only thing we tried to do was to shed some light on the fact that oral lesions may be part of the syndromic complex that causes COVID-19. We were extremely carefully with our words when we reported lesions associated with COVID-19 disease, and not due to it. (Al-Khatib, 2020; Lombardo & Pagnoncellia, 2020; Ponce & Tjioe, 2020; Rocha, Figueiredo & Resende, 2020). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621358/ doi: 10.1111/odi.13532 id: cord-343845-suoy3ojr author: Martín, Vicente title: Prevalencia de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en médicos y enfermeras de Atención Primaria y Residencias de Ancianos del Área de Salud de León y Factores asociados date: 2020-06-06 words: 2712.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343845-suoy3ojr.txt summary: ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses of primary care centers and nursing homes in the health area of León (Spain). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in General Practitioners and Nurses of primary care centers and nursing homes in the health area of León. The most relevant results of this study indicate that the observed prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the health workers analyzed is 5.9% (CI95% 4.4%-8.0%), being higher in nursing home workers compared to primary care centers (9.5% vs. Our results indicate that a high number of professionals remain susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore protective measures should be taken, not only in primary care, as the main contact with the health system, but also in nursing homes. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses of primary care centers and nursing homes in the health area of León (Spain). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of professionals from 30 health centers and 30 nursing homes from the primary care management division of the Healthcare Area of Leon. The work center, type of profession, COVID-19 infection, level of exposure, compliance with preventive measures, isolation (if required) and diagnostic tests carried out were collected. The determination of infection was made by differentiated rapid diagnostic test (dRDT), using a finger-stick whole-blood sample. The association of variables with infection was assessed by multivariable non-conditional logistic regression. The true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was calculated according to two scenarios for RDT (Sensitivity=0.6 and Specificity=0.985; Sensitivity=0.8 and Specificity=1). Results: The true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was between 4.9% - 11.0%. The observed prevalence was 5.9%, being higher in nursing home compared to primary care centers (9.5% vs. 5.5%). No statistically significant differences were observed by sex, type of professional, level of exposure or compliance with preventive measures. Conclusions: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group is low. A high number of professionals remain susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore protective measures should be taken, especially in nursing home professionals. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en médicos y enfermeras de centros de atención primaria y residencias de ancianos del área de salud de León (España). Material y métodos: Estudio observacional realizado en una muestra de conveniencia de profesionales de 30 centros de salud y 30 residencias de ancianos, de la Gerencia de Atención Primaria del área de salud de León. Se recogió información del centro de trabajo, tipo de profesión, infección por COVID-19, nivel de exposición, cumplimiento de medidas preventivas, aislamiento (si fue requerido) y test diagnósticos realizados. La determinación de infección fue llevada a cabo mediante prueba de diagnóstico rápido diferenciado (PDRd), usando muestra de sangre capilar. La asociación de las variables con la infección se evaluó mediante regresión logística multivariable no condicional. La prevalencia real de infección por SARS-CoV-2 fue calculada de acuerdo a dos escenarios para el PDRd (Sensibilidad=0,6 y Especificidad=0,985; Sensibilidad=0,8 y Especificidad=1). Resultados: La prevalencia real de infección por SARS-CoV-2 se encontró entre 4,9%-11,0%. La prevalencia observada fue de 5,9%, siendo mayor en trabajadores de residencias de ancianos que de centros de salud de atención primaria (9,5% vs 5,5%). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo, tipo de profesional, nivel de exposición o cumplimiento de medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 en este grupo es baja. Un gran número de profesionales siguen siendo susceptibles a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 y, por lo tanto, medidas de protección deben ser adoptadas, especialmente en los profesionales de las residencias de ancianos. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646731/ doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.014 id: cord-346395-vdlk3ck2 author: Martín-Noguerol, Teodoro title: Teleworking beyond teleradiology: managing radiology departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-02 words: 1395.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346395-vdlk3ck2.txt summary: A comprehensive perspective based on our own experience during the COVID-19 outbreak has been performed highlighting the value of teleworking for almost all areas implied in the workflow of radiology departments beyond radiologists. Radiology departments (RDs) are implementing several protective measures focusing on personal protective equipment, differentiating clean and dirty scanning rooms, distinct patient circuits for suspicious and non-suspicious COVID-19 patients, sending external patients to other centers, reinforced disinfection protocols, and even new personnel policy, such as decentralized and alternating shifts among staff or establishing parallel teams where possible [4] [5] [6] [7] . Teleradiology functions include remote access to radiology information system (RIS) and Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS), Web visualization of clinical history and prior imaging studies, and reporting capabilities to radiologists. The use of Web-based scheduling solutions helps protect the patient''s health minimizing the risk of potential new infections and plays an important role in preparing safe worklists. abstract: ABSTRACT: Teleradiology solutions are playing an essential role during the COVID-19 outbreak. Activity at radiology departments must be maintained and adapted to this new situation beyond teleradiology. Teleworking should be extended to the rest of non-medical radiology department areas. A comprehensive perspective based on our own experience during the COVID-19 outbreak has been performed highlighting the value of teleworking for almost all areas implied in the workflow of radiology departments beyond radiologists. Personal and technical requirements for successfully adapting to this new scenario are discussed including the opportunities that this unprecedent situation is bringing for reorganizing workflow and developing new projects. KEY POINTS: • Teleradiology solutions are playing an essential role during the COVID-19 outbreak. • Teleworking should be extended to the rest of non-medical radiology department areas whenever possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876832/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07205-w id: cord-299570-1xz5r95f author: Martínez-García, M title: Telemedicina con telemonitorización en el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 1611.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299570-1xz5r95f.txt summary: Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 por PCR positiva y considerados de alto riesgo que se siguieron con telemedicina y telemonitorización en el Área Sanitaria de Lugo entre el 17 de marzo y el 17 de abril de 2020. Conclusiones: Nuestros datos sugieren que la telemedicina con telemonitorización domiciliaria, utilizada de forma proactiva, permite un seguimiento clínicamente útil y seguro en pacientes con COVID-19 de alto riesgo. Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way. Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way. Los datos de este estudio sugieren que el seguimiento domiciliario con telemedicina y telemonitorización en pacientes COVID-19 es un sistema bien aceptado, útil y seguro. abstract: ABSTRACT Aim. To asses if telemedicine with telemonitoring is a clinically useful and secure tool in the tracking of patients with COVID-19. Methods. A prospective observational study of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis by positive PCR considered high-risk tracked with telemedicine and telemonitoring was conducted in the sanitary area of Lugo between March 17th and April 17th, 2020. Two groups of patients were included: Outpatient Tracing from the beginning and after discharge. Every patient sent a daily clinical questionnaire with temperature and oxygen saturation 3 times a day. Proactive monitoring was done by getting in touch with every patient at least once a day. Results. 313 patients (52.4% female) with a total average age of 60.9 (DS 15.9) years were included. Additionally, 2 patients refused to join the program. Since the beginning, 224 were traced outpatient and 89 after being discharged. Among the first category, 38 (16.90%) were referred to Emergency department on 43 occasions; 18 were hospitalized (8.03%), and 2 deceased. Neither deaths nor a matter of vital emergency occurred at home. When including patients after admissions monitoring was done in 304 cases. One patient re-entered (0.32%) to the hospital, and another one left the program (0.32%). The average time of monitoring was 11.64 (SD 3.58) days, and 224 (73.68%) patients were discharged during the 30 days of study. Conclusions. Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014256520301557 doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.05.013 id: cord-290295-gl144dh9 author: Martínez-López, Joaquín title: Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality date: 2020-10-19 words: 4086.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290295-gl144dh9.txt summary: Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. There are cumulative data indicating that patients with cancer may be at increased risk for more severe COVID-19 and associated complications, including those receiving or not receiving treatment within the month prior to infection 5, 6 , although other recent results suggest mortality may be primarily associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities 7 . To our knowledge, this is the first large case-series study to describe comprehensively the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized MM patients, compare outcomes with a noncancer cohort of COVID-19 patients, and identify preadmission prognostic factors of inpatient mortality. abstract: There is limited information on the characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with COVID-19. This retrospective case series investigated 167 patients reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in March and April, 2020. Outcomes were compared with 167 randomly selected, contemporary, age-/sex-matched noncancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at six participating hospitals. Among MM and noncancer patients, median age was 71 years, and 57% of patients were male; 75 and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate–severe in 77 and 89% of patients and critical in 8 and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47 and 55% of MM and noncancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required noninvasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34 and 23% in MM and noncancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41408-020-00372-5 doi: 10.1038/s41408-020-00372-5 id: cord-303603-4mi64bgm author: Martínez-Urbistondo, Diego title: Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) date: 2020-07-04 words: 656.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303603-4mi64bgm.txt summary: title: Early Combination of Tocilizumab and Corticosteroids: An Upgrade in Anti-inflammatory Therapy for Severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID) In our experience, the early administration of corticosteroids associated to tocilizumab, according to the previously published recommendations by the Spanish Ministry of Health [6] , may solve this high failure rate. In the HM Sanchinarro Hospital, a 200 bed teaching institution, we consecutively and ambispectively collected the outcome of 136 patients who received tocilizumab plus corticosteroids to treat severe COVID, defined as a SpO2/FiO2 <325 with bilateral pneumonia and a clinical diagnosis of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Generalized linear and Cox regression models, adjusted by age, sex, interaction between age and sex, CCI, time from onset to admission, dose of corticosteroids and tocilizumab and C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels at anti-inflammatory therapy administration, showed benefit in the use of ET in COVID patients (Relative Risk, 0.18, P = .01, and Hazard Ratio, 0.13, P = .01, respectively). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621739/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa910 id: cord-308424-crvnzr44 author: Mascarenhas, Victor Hugo Alves title: Care recommendations for parturient and postpartum women and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review date: 2020-08-10 words: 4494.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308424-crvnzr44.txt summary: Normal childbirth: • Mild clinical conditions; • There are no contraindications, especially due to a lack of evidence on vertical transmissions; • If pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2* present spontaneous labor and good cervical conditions, normal childbirth is advised, provided that the health service has the apparatus necessary to promote appropriate precautions; • To shorten the duration of the second stage of labor, directed pushing is recommended and parturient women are supposed to wear a surgical mask. This decision should be taken together with the mother and health workers involved in care delivery; • There is a risk of mothers transmitting SARS-CoV-2* to their NB † through respiratory droplets at the time of breastfeeding, even when wearing a surgical mask; • Women who opt not to breastfeed during the period of the disease should be encouraged to express breast milk to feed their NB † ; abstract: OBJECTIVE: to map the current knowledge on recommendations for labor, childbirth, and newborn (NB) care in the context of the novel coronavirus. METHOD: scoping review of papers identified in databases, repositories, and reference lists of papers included in the study. Two researchers independently read the papers’ full texts, extracted and analyzed data, and synthesized content. RESULTS: 19 papers were included, the content of which was synthesized and organized into two conceptual categories: 1) Recommendations concerning childbirth with three subcategories – Indications to anticipate delivery, Route of delivery, and Preparation of the staff and birth room, and 2) Recommendations concerning postpartum care with four categories – Breastfeeding, NB care, Hospital discharge, and Care provided to NB at home. CONCLUSION: prevent the transmission of the virus in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle, assess whether there is a need to interrupt pregnancies, decrease the circulation of people, avoid skin-to-skin contact and water births, prefer epidural over general anesthesia, keep mothers who tested positive or are symptomatic isolated from NB, and encourage breastfeeding. Future studies are needed to address directed pushing, instrumental delivery, delayed umbilical cord clamping, and bathing NB immediately after birth. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785566/ doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.4596.3359 id: cord-275350-m1rv2i11 author: Maserat, Elham title: COVID-19 & an NGO and university developed interactive portal: a perspective from Iran date: 2020-08-17 words: 2898.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275350-m1rv2i11.txt summary: Thus, considering the benefits of the health portal and its critical role in information interaction and the lack of electronic context for the communication of the various tools that have been provided to manage and monitor COVID-19, we offered this platform in the interactive portal of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research institutes, and universities. NGOs, under the supervision of and in participation with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences'' Center for Social Factors Research in COVID-19 Management Division of this portal, separated classified information into two sections of informatics and services. NGOs, under the supervision of and in participation with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences'' Center for Social Factors Research in COVID-19 Management Division of this portal, separated classified information into two sections of informatics and services. The interactive portal developed by the NGOs and university is accessible to the general public, patients, service providers, and, importantly, policymakers and presents educational and medical research information to all users. abstract: On 19 February 2020, Iran reported the initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of 21 March 2020, Iran had reported 175,927 COVID-19 cases, including 8425 deaths. One of the best approaches for responding to COVID-19 is rapid detection, early isolation, and quick treatment of the disease. Studies have stated that information technology (IT) is a powerful tool for detecting, tracking, and responding to pandemic diseases. Despite the importance of IT, a lack of efficient use of information technology capacity was observed after the emergence of the new cases of COVID-19 in Iran. A web-portal can integrate different services and technologies and can support interaction between non-governmental organizations (NGO) and universities. NGOs can provide services for public health utilizing technology and its advancements. One of the important duties of these organizations is to inform and provide integrated services to the general public. An interactive portal is one of the advanced technologies that these organizations can use for health management. Medical sciences of universities play a vital surveillance role for enhancing the performance quality of NGOs. A web-portal can be a collaboration tool between health-related NGOs and medical sciences of universities. In this study, an interactive portal was developed by NGOs and a university. NGOs under the supervision and participation of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences’ Center for Social Factors Research in COVID-19 management division of this portal separated classified information into two sections, informatics and services. This portal is accessible to the general public, patients, service providers, and, importantly, policymakers and presents educational and medical research information to all users. For patients and the general public in high-risk environments, increasing information security, reducing confusion regarding finding needed information, and facilitating communication are only part of the portal’s benefit. It seems that web-portal capacity is needed to control COVID-19 in the digital age. The collaboration of academic and university bodies in the context of health portals can play key roles for coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837811/ doi: 10.1007/s12553-020-00470-1 id: cord-325631-c7jwizpj author: Masetti, Chiara title: High mortality in COVID‐19 patients with mild respiratory disease date: 2020-06-29 words: 2540.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325631-c7jwizpj.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In‐hospital mortality of patients with COVID‐19 presenting with mild symptoms is high and is associated with older age, platelet count and ferritin levels. For this reason, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients admitted to our Hospital with mild-moderate signs and symptoms of COVID-19 with the aim to identify predictive factors of in-hospital mortality. Inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of COVID-19 with documented pneumonia requiring hospitalization in a non-intensive care unit because of mild Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen, PaO2/FiO2 > 200), 15 without further signs or symptoms or organ dysfunction. Indeed, in other studies, platelet count has been validated as a biomarker associated with disease severity and mortality risk in the intensive care unit (ICU). This was in line with recent studies confirming low platelet count association with increased risk of severe disease, need of mechanical ventilation and mortality in COVID-19. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has infected 189 000 people in Italy, with more than 25 000 deaths. Several predictive factors of mortality have been identified; however, none has been validated in patients presenting with mild disease. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, presenting with mild symptoms, and requiring hospitalization in a non‐intensive care unit with known discharge status were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. Demographical, clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded, as need for non‐invasive mechanical ventilation and admission in intensive care unit. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of death. RESULTS: Between 28 February and 10 April 2020, 229 consecutive patients were included in the study cohort; the majority were males with a mean age of 60 years. 54% of patients had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension being the most commonly represented, followed by diabetes mellitus. 196 patients were discharged after a mean of 9 days, while 14.4% died during hospitalization because of respiratory failure. Age higher than 75 years, low platelet count (<150 × 10(3)/mm(3)) and higher ferritin levels (>750 ng/mL) were independent predictors of death. Comorbidities were not independently associated with in‐hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In‐hospital mortality of patients with COVID‐19 presenting with mild symptoms is high and is associated with older age, platelet count and ferritin levels. Identifying early predictors of outcome can be useful in the clinical practice to better stratify and manage patients with COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535885/ doi: 10.1111/eci.13314 id: cord-303703-ekhwb5xb author: Mash, Bob title: Primary care management of the coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-31 words: 3044.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303703-ekhwb5xb.txt summary: 1 As I write this, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hitting South Africa and events are unfolding fast as new measures are taken on a daily basis to contain its spread within communities. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Keywords: coronavirus; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; primary care; continuing medical education; clinical management. Patients should be treated in a separate room, although not necessarily an airborne infection isolation room, as measures to prevent contact and surface contamination are most important. • At least one of the following epidemiological criteria in the 14 days prior to onset of symptoms: ß Was in close contact with a confirmed or probable case of SARS-Cov-2 infection. abstract: South Africa is in the grip of a novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Primary care providers are in the frontline. COVID-19 is spread primarily by respiratory droplets contaminating surfaces and hands that then transmit the virus to another person’s respiratory system. The incubation period is 2–9 days and the majority of cases are mild. The most common symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. Older people and those with cardiopulmonary co-morbidities or immunological deficiency will be more at risk of severe disease. If people meet the case definition, the primary care provider should immediately adopt infection prevention and control measures. Diagnosis is made by a RT-PCR test using respiratory secretions, usually nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. Mild cases can be managed at home with self-isolation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up if the disease worsens. Contact tracing is very important. Observed case fatality is between 0.5% and 4%, but may be overestimated as mild cases are not always counted. Primary care providers must give clear, accurate and consistent messages on infection prevention and control in communities and homes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32242438/ doi: 10.4102/safp.v62i1.5115 id: cord-304280-2a84u4tm author: Masic, Izet title: Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date: 2020-03-17 words: 4693.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt summary: METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. Early COVID-19 case reports suggest that patients with underlying conditions are at higher risk for complications or mortality -up to 50% of hospitalized patients have a chronic medical illness (40% cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease). The clinical effects of pneumonia have been linked to increased risk of CVD up to 10-year follow-up (11) and it is likely that cases infected via respiratory virus outbreaks will experience similar adverse outcomes. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a statement advising that patients continue treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), despite widely circulated reports that the agents could worsen coronavirus disease (20) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in China’s Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. AIM: The aim of this study is to search scientific literature in the biomedicine and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and other most common chronic diseases which are on the top mortality and morbidity rates in almost all countries in the world. Also, to propose most useful measures how to prevent patients to keep themselves against COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: After searching current scientific literature we have acknowledged that not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world during last 5 months from the time when first cases of COVID-10 infection was detected. Also, there is no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19. Expectations that vaccine against COVID-19 will be produced optimal during at least 10 months to 2 years, and in all current Guidelines most important proposed preventive measures are the same like which one described in Strategic documents of WHO, in statements of Declaration of Primary Health Care in Alma Ata in 1978. CONCLUSION: WHO proposed preventive measures can be helpful to everybody. Physicians who work at every level of Health Care Systems, but especially at primary health care level, must follow those recommendations and teach their patients about it. But, the fact is that current focus of COVID-19 epidemic has targeted on protection of physical health of population in global, however, the influence on mental health which will be one of the important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the future, and which could be declared as «Post-coronavirus Stress Syndrome„ (PCSS) could be bigger challenge for Global Public Health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410896/ doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.71-76 id: cord-313390-zeo0ud75 author: Masiero, Stefano title: Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? A challenge for the future date: 2020-06-05 words: 1435.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313390-zeo0ud75.txt summary: title: Health resort medicine can be a suitable setting to recover disabilities in patients tested negative for COVID-19 discharged from hospital? Hence, our proposal for an innovative post-hospitalization rehabilitative treatment, taking advantage of health resort medicine as suitable setting to take care of discharged subjects tested negative for COVID-19. Rehabilitation strategies in health resort medicine may include therapeutic massage, water massage, physical modalities, numerous forms of exercise such as water exercise, breathing, balance, and muscle-strengthening exercises, health education, psychological interventions, and treatments complementary to balneotherapy (Masiero et al. Furthermore, immersion in thermal water may be used to strengthen weakened inspiratory muscles, through the combination of respiratory exercise and aerobic training (Becker 2009 ), leading to develop a specific respiratory rehabilitation service for post COVID-19 patients. The access to Health resort medicine should be guaranteed to post-COVID 19 subjects after two negative rRT-PCR results, improvement in signs and symptoms, and fever resolution (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020a). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504142/ doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-01947-4 id: cord-346656-5nz0bs4v author: Masini, Francesco title: Rheumatic disease management in the Campania region of Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-14 words: 670.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346656-5nz0bs4v.txt summary: Usually, discontinuing therapeutic treatment is not recommended, since clinical flares of rheumatic disease develop with subsequent use of other immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids, equally unsafe in the case of COVID-19 occurrence [3] . The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) clinical guidance during COVID-19 pandemic recommended management of patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy by gradually tapering doses, and warning against abrupt cessation of corticosteroid therapy, even during active infection. SIR has also promoted a dedicated platform, "CONTROL-19", for the remote monitoring of COVID-19 impact on rheumatic diseases [6] . Although more evidence is required to demonstrate the real impact of this strategy, telemedicine has demonstrated as a valid alternative to improve the quality of rheumatic patients'' care during COVID-19 pandemic, thus reducing hospitalizations only to urgent admissions. Recommendations for coronavirus infection in rheumatic diseases treated with biologic therapy SIR (2020) COVID-19 monitoring in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666135/ doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04648-8 id: cord-329412-pzv4dzow author: Massaad, Elie title: Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-26 words: 1655.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt summary: Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. The most common terms appearing alongside ''telehealth'' were "covid", "health", "care", "services", "patients", and "pandemic". The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Our study aims to analyze the dynamics of social media data related to telehealth and understand the public activity to strategically optimize and accelerate the digital health transformation. The 10 most common words apart from "telehealth" that appeared in these tweets were "COVID", "health", "care", "services", "patients", "pandemic", "coronavirus", "healthcare", "access", "need". In this study, we retrieved and analyzed public data available on Twitter to investigate the rapid shift in telehealth adoption amidst the recent coronavirus Covid-19 pandemics. abstract: Introduction: Physical distancing during the coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic has brought telehealth to the forefront to keep up with patient care amidst an international crisis that is exhausting healthcare resources. Understanding and managing health-related concerns resulting from physical distancing measures are of utmost importance. Objectives: To describe and analyze the volume, content, and geospatial distribution of tweets associated with telehealth during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. We analyzed tweets using natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised learning methods. Clustering analysis was performed to classify tweets. Geographic tweet distribution was correlated with Covid-19 confirmed cases in the United States. All analyses were carried on the Google Cloud computing service “Google Colab” using Python libraries (Python Software Foundation). Results: A total of 41,329 tweets containing the term “telehealth” were retrieved. The most common terms appearing alongside ‘telehealth’ were “covid”, “health”, “care”, “services”, “patients”, and “pandemic”. Mental health was the most common health-related topic that appeared in our search reflecting a high need for mental healthcare during the pandemic. Similarly, Medicare was the most common appearing health plan mirroring the accelerated access to telehealth and change in coverage policies. The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Conclusion: Social media activity is an accurate reflection of disease burden during the Covid-19 pandemic. Widespread adoption of telehealth-favoring policies is necessary and mostly needed to address mental health problems that may arise in areas of high infection and death rates. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7838 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7838 id: cord-345298-1hdk14xg author: Massari, Francesco title: Oncology clinical trials in the time of COVID-19: how a pandemic can revolutionize patients’ care date: 2020-05-14 words: 1247.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345298-1hdk14xg.txt summary: The main concern of medical investigators is to provide what is best for our patients, taking into account all available therapeutic options, including those deriving from the enrollment into a clinical trial and possible risks connected to the experimental treatment together with patients'' expectations. In the ethical and medical decision process, there are two heavy weights on the scale: on one hand, the therapeutic benefits we want to provide for our patients, especially if other treatment strategies are not available or not clinically competing; on the other hand, there is the significant risk of infection that these fragile patients are subjected to. A thorough discussion of experimental treatment expected benefits and risks, protocol requirements in terms of screening procedures, laboratory and radiological assessments and alternative therapeutic options should be carried on with the patient to consider if he is able and willing to proceed with the clinical study. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-0364 doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-0364 id: cord-353756-lm2qs6ev author: Massey, Paul R. title: Going viral: A brief history of Chilblain-like skin lesions (“COVID toes”) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 1500.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353756-lm2qs6ev.txt summary: In a rapidly evolving medical literature its manifestations are expanding and now include coagulopathies renal dysfunction, cardiac arrests, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children as well as cutaneous manifestations commonly observed with viral illnesses and chilblain-like skin lesions often referred to as "COVID toes". We review the rapid evolution of the chilblain-like presentation in patients with COVID 19 beginning with its first description in early March 2020 and summarize the evolving but rapidly self-confirming data. Amidst a panoply of unusual findings for a viral respiratory illness including induced coagulopathies, 1 renal dysfunction 2 and cardiac arrests, 3, 4 a suspected cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19, chilblain-like skin lesions -"COVID toes"has garnered particular attention both in the medical literature and in the national media. Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the respiratory illness COVID-19, has led to a global pandemic. In a rapidly evolving medical literature its manifestations are expanding and now include coagulopathies renal dysfunction, cardiac arrests, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children as well as cutaneous manifestations commonly observed with viral illnesses and chilblain-like skin lesions often referred to as “COVID toes”. Driven in large part by the internet-facilitated communication, dermatologists around the world now report a marked increase in the frequency of chilblain-like diagnoses, not infrequently in members of the same family, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. While a mechanistic explanation has yet to be proven a robust antiviral immune response in young patients that simultaneously truncates the clinical course and induces the microangiopathic changes could lead to chilblain-like skin lesions. This or a similar explanation would then posit that chilblain-like lesions would be most likely to appear only after a successful viral response is mounted with lesions detected only when symptoms are likely to be subsiding. We review the rapid evolution of the chilblain-like presentation in patients with COVID 19 beginning with its first description in early March 2020 and summarize the evolving but rapidly self-confirming data. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32736881/ doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.05.012 id: cord-318965-0mxv8h06 author: Mastnak, Wolfgang title: Psychopathological problems related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and possible prevention with music therapy date: 2020-06-01 words: 1491.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318965-0mxv8h06.txt summary: Although Brodin 1 stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed. Although Brodin 1 stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed. 3 Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global disaster, public health, education and social systems need to work together to minimise the mental sequelae in the younger generation. Depending on children''s resilience and/or susceptibility to stress, this could give rise to self-protective attitudes and personality features, as well as mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorders or depressive and avoidant personality traits. abstract: COVID-19 is having a profound effect on societies worldwide and the impact that it is having on children cannot be underestimated. Although Brodin (1) stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395840/ doi: 10.1111/apa.15346 id: cord-335893-9cb8f2ds author: Masud, Dhalia title: Resuming autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-28 words: 1167.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335893-9cb8f2ds.txt summary: In view of the associated increased mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. In view of the associated increased mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. In view of the associated mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. We developed an evidence based pathway that selected low risk patients and then minimised their potential pre-operative and inpatient COVID-19 exposure. Low risk patients attend a pre-operative virtual forum consultation with surgeons, specialist nurses and physiotherapists. Breast reconstruction with immediate autologous free tissue transfer in a peri-operative COVID-19 positive patient: a case report illustrating feasibility of aftercare. abstract: The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) guide to surgical prioritisation during the coronavirus pandemic states that breast reconstruction is Priority level 4 Surgery. In view of the associated increased mortality risk, and potential complications such as return to theatre, autologous free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction was withheld in our unit from the 12th March. It is the view in our regional centre that free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction should not be viewed as complex surgery. We believe in performing the correct operation, for the right patient, at the right time and we strive to adhere to the NHS improvement program 'Getting it right first time'. After widespread consultation with stakeholders both locally and nationally, as of June 3rd we re-started autologous free flap reconstruction. We describe our experience as the first unit in resuming this service during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.079 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.079 id: cord-320755-0zpnwl2k author: Mateen, Farrah J. title: Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. and Canadian neurologists’ therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices date: 2020-07-07 words: 4232.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320755-0zpnwl2k.txt summary: The overall objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to report the range of impacts of COVID-19 on neuroimmunologists'' practice across the USA and Canada; (2) to probe the MS DMT prescribing decisions and planning of neuroimmunologists in the setting of a viral pandemic; and (3) determine the unmet needs and sources of uncertainty that dominate the care of MS patients. Rather than emphasizing fact checking, the survey queried awareness of local COVID-19 cases and patients'' health practices, impressions and worries on the risk of COVID-19 to patients taking MS DMTs, and prescribing patterns in various special situations, naming the exact DMTs. As an example, issues related to older patients with MS were queried, defined as age 55 years and older (given the usual age cutoff for most DMT trials to date) or 60 years and older (given the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''s general consideration of people aged 60 years and older as a higher risk group) [11] , depending on the question. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the understanding and decision-making of neuroimmunologists and their treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS: A survey instrument was designed and distributed online to neurologists in April 2020. RESULTS: There were 250 respondents (response rate 21.8%). 243 saw > = 10 MS patients in the prior 6 months (average 197 patients) and were analyzed further (92% USA, 8% Canada; average practice duration 16 years; 5% rural, 17% small city, 38% large city, 40% highly urbanized). Patient volume dropped an average of 79% (53–11 per month). 23% were aware of patients self-discontinuing a DMT due to fear of COVID-19 with 43% estimated to be doing so against medical advice. 65% of respondents reported deferring > = 1 doses of a DMT (49%), changing the dosing interval (34%), changing to home infusions (20%), switching a DMT (9%), and discontinuing DMTs altogether (8%) as a result of COVID-19. Changes in DMTs were most common with the high-efficacy therapies alemtuzumab, cladribine, ocrelizumab, rituximab, and natalizumab. 35% made no changes to DMT prescribing. 98% expressed worry about their patients contracting COVID-19 and 78% expressed the same degree of worry about themselves. > 50% believed high-efficacy DMTs prolong viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and that B-cell therapies might prevent protective vaccine effects. Accelerated pace of telemedicine and practice model changes were identified as major shifts in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Reported prescribing changes and practice disruptions due to COVID-19 may be temporary but could have a lasting influence on MS care. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10045-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638107/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10045-9 id: cord-288738-anouedix author: Mathew, Rishi Philip title: The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients date: 2020-05-18 words: 495.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288738-anouedix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288738-anouedix.txt summary: title: The Role of Non-Contrast Chest CT in Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pediatric Patients Chest CT is now the widely accepted imaging tool for evaluating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as for monitoring therapeutic response and follow-up. COVID-19 disease in the pediatric population is mostly mild [4] , with the most common CT findings being unilateral or bilateral subpleural ground-glass opacities, and consolidations with surrounding halo sign [5] . We feel a combination of pathogen detection using RT-PCR and early chest CT including follow-up imaging should be incorporated into the protocol when managing symptomatic pediatric COVID-19 patients. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Differences in clinical and imaging presentation of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in comparison with adults abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03338-4 doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03338-4 id: cord-288271-p074ffpt author: Mathies, D. title: A Case of SARS‐CoV‐2‐pneumonia with successful antiviral therapy in a 77‐year‐old male with heart transplant date: 2020-04-21 words: 2473.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288271-p074ffpt.txt summary: In this report, we present a 77‐year old patient with a heart transplant under relevant immunosuppressive therapy who was tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 after several days of dyspnoea, dry cough and light general symptoms. All rights reserved Diagnosis: SARS-CoV-2-Infection with viral pneumonia in a patient with heart transplant due to coronary artery disease with ischemic cardiomyopathy In this case the combination of radiologic signs of viral pneumonia and the supposed high-risk state of severe immunosuppression led to the decision to start an antiviral therapy immediately after receiving the positive rtPCR-results although the patient presented only mild symptoms. [13] A second question is whether patients with a solid organ transplant who receive immunosuppressive medication are at greater risk for a severe manifestation of a SARS-CoV 2-Infection or might even benefit from a reduced immunologic reaction. For SARS-CoV 2 we found two cases of patients with a heart transplant of which one had only mild manifestations and one required mechanical ventilation but survived [9] . abstract: The SARS‐CoV‐2‐infection can be seen as a single disease but also affects patients with relevant comorbidities who may have an increased risk of a severe course of infection. In this report, we present a 77‐year old patient with a heart transplant under relevant immunosuppressive therapy who was tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 after several days of dyspnoea, dry cough and light general symptoms. The CT‐scan confirmed an interstitial pneumonia. The patient received an antiviral therapy with hydroxychloroquine showing no further deterioration of the clinical state. After 12 days of hospitalisation the patient was released SARS‐CoV‐2 negative and completely asymptomatic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15932 doi: 10.1111/ajt.15932 id: cord-283500-mp2f102i author: Mathiesen, T. title: A snapshot of European neurosurgery December 2019 vs. March 2020: just before and during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-08 words: 7140.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283500-mp2f102i.txt summary: We have undertaken a questionnaire survey of 25 neurosurgical departments in Europe to identify differences and similarities of resources, caseload, and indications during 1 week of presumed regular practice in December 2019 compared with a week in March 2020, when practice was expected to be heavily influenced by the pandemic. March 2020 (Table 1) All centers reported comparable surgical activity/million inhabitants before the pandemic (December 2019): median 2.0 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients in the ICU (75th percentile 2-8), median 2.5 SAH patients in the ICU (75th percentile 1-6), and median 5.0 elective craniotomies for brain tumors/week (75th percentile 1-6). Nineteen centers reported that all patients with legitimate medical needs could not expect to have those needs met during the Covid-19 pandemic in the March 2020 week, and several centers gave examples of patients with neurosurgical emergencies that would not be treated. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19), which began as an epidemic in China and spread globally as a pandemic, has necessitated resource management to meet emergency needs of Covid-19 patients and other emergent cases. We have conducted a survey to analyze caseload and measures to adapt indications for a perception of crisis. METHODS: We constructed a questionnaire to survey a snapshot of neurosurgical activity, resources, and indications during 1 week with usual activity in December 2019 and 1 week during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020. The questionnaire was sent to 34 neurosurgical departments in Europe; 25 departments returned responses within 5 days. RESULTS: We found unexpectedly large differences in resources and indications already before the pandemic. Differences were also large in how much practice and resources changed during the pandemic. Neurosurgical beds and neuro-intensive care beds were significantly decreased from December 2019 to March 2020. The utilization of resources decreased via less demand for care of brain injuries and subarachnoid hemorrhage, postponing surgery and changed surgical indications as a method of rationing resources. Twenty departments (80%) reduced activity extensively, and the same proportion stated that they were no longer able to provide care according to legitimate medical needs. CONCLUSION: Neurosurgical centers responded swiftly and effectively to a sudden decrease of neurosurgical capacity due to relocation of resources to pandemic care. The pandemic led to rationing of neurosurgical care in 80% of responding centers. We saw a relation between resources before the pandemic and ability to uphold neurosurgical services. The observation of extensive differences of available beds provided an opportunity to show how resources that had been restricted already under normal conditions translated to rationing of care that may not be acceptable to the public of seemingly affluent European countries. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00701-020-04482-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32642834/ doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04482-8 id: cord-310405-7fah22nu author: Mathur, Sachin title: Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being date: 2020-06-25 words: 3067.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310405-7fah22nu.txt summary: title: Development of an enhanced Acute Care Surgery service in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic: Assessment of clinical patient outcomes and staff psychological well-being Methods: An enhanced ACS (eACS) model of care is described with the aim of limiting COVID-19 healthcare worker and patient cross-infection as well as providing 24/7 management of emergency general surgical (GS) and trauma patients. Conclusion: In healthcare systems not overwhelmed by COVID-19, an eACS model may assist in preserving psychological well-being for healthcare staff whilst providing 24/7 care for emergency GS and trauma patients. Unlike elective surgery, ACS cases cannot be cancelled during the pandemic and without appropriate strategies, ACS patients will compete for precious hospital resources such as acute ward beds, radiological tests and personal protective equipment (PPE). This study describes the changes made to enhance our system (eACS) to primarily safeguard against the risk of COVID-19 transmission to staff and patients, efficiently manage hospital resources and provide round the clock care. abstract: Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, healthcare departments must adapt to meet the challenges of service provision and staff/patient protection. Unlike elective surgery, ACS workloads cannot be artificially reduced providing a unique challenge for administrators to balance healthcare resources between the COVID-19 surge and regular patient admissions. Methods: An enhanced ACS (eACS) model of care is described with the aim of limiting COVID-19 healthcare worker and patient cross-infection as well as providing 24/7 management of emergency general surgical (GS) and trauma patients. The eACS service comprised 5 independent teams covering a rolling 1:5 24-hr call. Attempts to completely separate eACS teams and patients from the elective side were made. The service was compared to the existing ACS service in terms of clinical and efficiency outcomes. Finally, a survey of staff attitudes towards these changes, concerns regarding COVID-19 and psychological well-being was assessed. Results: There were no staff/patient COVID-19 cross-infections. Compared to the ACS service, eACS patients had reduced overall length of stay (2-days), time spent in the Emergency Room (46 minutes) and time from surgery to discharge (2.4-hours). The eACS model of care saved financial resources and bed-days for the organisation. The changes were well received by team-members who also felt that their safety was prioritised. Conclusion: In healthcare systems not overwhelmed by COVID-19, an eACS model may assist in preserving psychological well-being for healthcare staff whilst providing 24/7 care for emergency GS and trauma patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138320305477?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.040 id: cord-315735-0a49okho author: Matrajt, Laura title: Evaluating the effectiveness of social distancing interventions against COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 words: 4286.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315735-0a49okho.txt summary: Our results suggest that social distancing interventions can avert cases by 20% and hospitalizations and deaths by 90% even with modest compliance within adults as long as the intervention is kept in place, but the epidemic is set to rebound once the intervention is lifted. Our models suggest that social distancing interventions will buy crucial time but need to occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we used a mathematical model to quantify this term by measuring the short-term number of cases, hospitalization, and deaths averted over the first 100 days under four different social distancing interventions and assuming different levels of compliance in the adult population. However, our simulations suggest that even in the more optimistic scenario, where all the age groups reduce their contact rates over 85%, the epidemic is set to rebound once the social distancing interventions are lifted. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 140,000 people as of March 14, 2020. We use a mathematical model to investigate the effectiveness of social distancing interventions lasting six weeks in a middle-sized city in the US. We explore four social distancing strategies by reducing the contacts of adults over 60 years old, adults over 60 years old and children, all adults (25, 75 or 95% compliance), and everyone in the population. Our results suggest that social distancing interventions can avert cases by 20% and hospitalizations and deaths by 90% even with modest compliance within adults as long as the intervention is kept in place, but the epidemic is set to rebound once the intervention is lifted. Our models suggest that social distancing interventions will buy crucial time but need to occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.27.20044891 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.27.20044891 id: cord-302115-r39ser2c author: Matricardi, Paolo Maria title: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures date: 2020-05-02 words: 3738.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302115-r39ser2c.txt summary: We propose here the first model, explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10‐15 days after infection, hangs on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, Mannose Binding Lectin ). The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm) leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. All rights reserved We focused on humoral components and, in particular on natural antibodies and MBL, to ascertain whether these players of the innate immunity fit all the epidemiological and clinical pre-conditions presented in the last three months by SARS-CoV-2. Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. abstract: The natural history of COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi‐organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model, explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10‐15 days after infection, hangs on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, Mannose Binding Lectin ). If SARS‐CoV‐2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm) leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low‐moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID‐19, facilitates early direct penetration of high numbers of virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway’s mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies. This allows the virus bypassing the efficient immune barrier of the upper airways mucosa in already infected, young and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptative immune response reach the lungs first, is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This “quantitative and time‐sequence dependent” model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID‐19 at all ages. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13271 doi: 10.1111/pai.13271 id: cord-319248-ynoxec7k author: Matsuyama, Toshifumi title: An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 9962.0 sentences: 619.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt summary: In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. After a careful review of the scientific literature, we realized that the SARS-CoV-2-mediated inhibition of IFN and STAT1, and the subsequent shift to a STAT3dominant signaling network (see below), could result in almost all of the clinical features of COVID-19. Molecular patterns derived from SARS-CoV-2-associated molecules, such as ssRNA, dsRNA, and viral proteins, bind to host PRRs and trigger the activation of signal transducers and transcription factors that drive the production of IFN-I and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, in COVID-19, EGFR signaling may become an alternative pathway that activates STAT3 specifically when the lung is damaged while the production of IFN-I is severely impaired by SARS-CoV-2 infection [12] . abstract: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients’ autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037393/ doi: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7 id: cord-346246-2phtdgh4 author: Mattar, Shaikh Abdul Matin title: Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 2249.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346246-2phtdgh4.txt summary: We report a case of a hospitalised patient with COVID-19 who developed subacute thyroiditis in association with SARS-COV-2 infection. The patient presented with tachycardia, anterior neck pain and thyroid function tests revealing hyperthyroidism together with consistent ultrasonographic evidence suggesting subacute thyroiditis. This case illustrates that subacute thyroiditis associated with viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 should be recognised as a complication of COVID-19 and considered as a differential diagnosis when infected patients present with tachycardia without evidence of progression of COVID-19 illness. This case highlights the importance of good history taking and awareness of the diagnosis of thyroiditis in order to elicit the finding of anterior neck pain that can be conflated with upper respiratory tract symptoms in a persistently tachycardic patient with COVID-19. Subacute thyroiditis is fundamentally a clinical diagnosis, and our patient presented with clinical manifestations that were sufficient to establish this as a leading differential diagnosis, given the new-onset neck pain, thyroid tenderness and a diffuse asymmetric goitre in the context of a preceding upper respiratory tract viral illness and hyperthyroidism. abstract: We report a case of a hospitalised patient with COVID-19 who developed subacute thyroiditis in association with SARS-COV-2 infection. The patient presented with tachycardia, anterior neck pain and thyroid function tests revealing hyperthyroidism together with consistent ultrasonographic evidence suggesting subacute thyroiditis. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in rapid clinical resolution. This case illustrates that subacute thyroiditis associated with viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 should be recognised as a complication of COVID-19 and considered as a differential diagnosis when infected patients present with tachycardia without evidence of progression of COVID-19 illness. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237336 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237336 id: cord-334341-cpol6xfz author: Mattei, Tobias A. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Spine Care Providers and Patients date: 2020-05-07 words: 1768.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334341-cpol6xfz.txt summary: Taking into account the relatively low percentage of infection in the total population, the direct impact of COVID-19 pandemic related to possible delays of surgical care in infected patients seems relatively small in the grand scheme. Such a deleterious impact can be traced to several factors such as the reallocation of hospital resources (such as nursing staff and ICU beds) to the care of patients with the coronavirus as well as cancellation of elective surgeries and office visits in order to reduce the chances of disease spread. Although, as spine surgeons, most of us will likely not be directly involved in the critical care of COVID-19 patients or in the development of new drugs and vaccines for it, in such exceptional times it is our responsibility and a great privilege to, through our best efforts, attempt to mitigate the consequences of this pandemic upon our patients. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666548420300032 doi: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2020.100003 id: cord-029419-b0w9nomq author: Matthews, Adam title: Review of Mark Honigsbaum (2020). The Pandemic Century—A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19: Cambridge, MA: Penguin. 321 pp. ISBN 9780753558287 date: 2020-07-20 words: 3955.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt summary: Honigsbaum surveys with biological detail the genealogy and history of influenza, the plague, Parrot Fever, Legionnaires Disease, Aids, SARS, Ebola, Zika and Covid-19. Honigsbaum describes ecological disruption amplifying the mutation and spread of a virus which had existed in its natural environment for centuries. From a postdigital perspective, the ten cases detailed by Honigsbaum in The Pandemic Century (2020) show how digital and wider technologies are not separate from the natural and social world. The questions then, which The Pandemic Century (Honigsbaum 2020) illustrates is whether to take a posthuman perspective and pull back from technological and human development and reduce ecological disruption and work with the natural environment as equals or to push on unabated with technological developments to go beyond what has been done already to ''fix'' ourselves and the planet, including new viral outbreaks. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7369538/ doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00170-z id: cord-333528-9mczqtje author: Mattogno, P. P. title: Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center date: 2020-06-03 words: 1076.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333528-9mczqtje.txt summary: title: Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center Considering the virus'' homing and that a significant number of skull base pathologies require a transnasal endoscopic approach, safety for both patients and medical providers is obviously considered of paramount importance. Patients negative to the first rapid test and to the swab test are admitted to the COVID-free Neurosurgical Unit, so they can be operated on the following day. In detail, for patients COVID+ needing a transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery, we recommend the following items. Nasal endoscopic assessment is performed 2 weeks after surgery, using all the precautions recommended for COVID+ patients. During the last month, we operated on 12 patients affected by skull base tumors using endoscopic endonasal approach. Recommendations on COVID -19 pandemic-Italian Skull base Society Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04414-6 doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04414-6 id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb author: Maulik, Pallab K. title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 words: 3897.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID pandemic has been devastating for not only its direct impact on lives, physical health, socio-economic status of individuals, but also for its impact on mental health. Some individuals are affected psychologically more severely and will need additional care. However, the current health system is so fragmented and focused on caring for those infected that management of mental illness has been neglected. An integrated approach is needed to strengthen the health system, service providers and research to not only manage the current mental health problems related to COVID but develop robust strategies to overcome more long-term impact of the pandemic. A series of recommendations are outlined in this paper to help policy makers, service providers and other stakeholders, and research and research funders to strengthen existing mental health systems, develop new ones, and at the same time advance research to mitigate the mental health impact of COVID19. The recommendations refer to low, middle and high resource settings as capabilities vary greatly between countries and within countries. DISCUSSION: The recommendations for policy makers are focused on strengthening leadership and governance, finance mechanisms, and developing programme and policies that especially include the most vulnerable populations. Service provision should focus on accessible and equitable evidence-based community care models commensurate with the existing mental health capacity to deliver care, train existing primary care staff to cater to increased mental health needs, implement prevention and promotion programmes tailored to local needs, and support civil societies and employers to address the increased burden of mental illness. Researchers and research funders should focus on research to develop robust information systems that can be enhanced further by linking with other data sources to run predictive models using artificial intelligence, understand neurobiological mechanisms and community-based interventions to address the pandemic driven mental health problems in an integrated manner and use innovative digital solutions. CONCLUSION: Urgent action is needed to strengthen mental health system in all settings. The recommendations outlined can be used as a guide to develop these further or identify new ones in relation to local needs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32742305/ doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00393-4 id: cord-263544-6ueqx53v author: Mauri, Eleonora title: Estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on services provided by Italian Neuromuscular Centers: an Italian Association of Myology survey of the acute phase date: 2020-06-01 words: 3348.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263544-6ueqx53v.txt summary: The Italian Association of Myology developed a survey to estimate the impact of these changes on patients affected by neuromuscular disorders and on specialized neuromuscular centers during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We developed an electronic survey that was sent to neuromuscular centers affiliated with the Italian Association of Myology, assessing changes in pharmacological therapies provision, outpatient clinical and instrumental services, support services (physiotherapy, nursing care, psychological support) and clinical trials. Services provided by neuromuscular centers, such as rehabilitation, home care nursing, psychological support and prenatal diagnosis, faced a reduction in 57% of centers, showing higher reduction rates in geographical areas with higher numbers of SARS-CoV-2 cases (aggregate services reduction in 66% of Northern NMD centers, 43% of Central centers and 44% of Southern centers) (Fig. 1) . Home nursing care service was not provided in 67% of centers, with a higher reduction rate in Northern Italy regions, where only 20% of expected patients obtained regular assistance. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since February 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy has forced the health care system to undergo profound rearrangements in its services and facilities, especially in the worst-hit areas in Northern Italy. In this setting, inpatient and outpatient services had to rethink and reorganize their activities to meet the needs of patients during the “lockdown”. The Italian Association of Myology developed a survey to estimate the impact of these changes on patients affected by neuromuscular disorders and on specialized neuromuscular centers during the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We developed an electronic survey that was sent to neuromuscular centers affiliated with the Italian Association of Myology, assessing changes in pharmacological therapies provision, outpatient clinical and instrumental services, support services (physiotherapy, nursing care, psychological support) and clinical trials. RESULTS: 40% of surveyed neuromuscular centers reported a reduction in outpatient visit and examinations (44.5% of centers in Northern regions; 25% of centers in Central regions; 50% of centers in Southern regions). Twenty-two% of centers postponed in-hospital administration of therapies for neuromuscular diseases (23.4% in Northern regions; 13.0% in Central regions; 20% in Southern regions). Diagnostic and support services (physiotherapy, nursing care, psychological support) were suspended in 57% of centers (66/43/44% in Northern, Central and Southern centers respectively) Overall, the most affected services were rehabilitative services and on-site outpatient visits, which were suspended in 93% of centers. Strategies adopted by neuromuscular centers to overcome these changes included maintaining urgent on-site visits, addressing patients to available services and promoting remote contact and telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant disruption of clinical and support services for patients with neuromuscular diseases. Despite the efforts to provide telemedicine consults to patients, this option could be promoted and improved further. A close collaboration between the different neuromuscular centers and service providers as well as further implementation of telehealth platforms are necessary to ensure quality care to NMD patients in the near future and in case of recurrent pandemic waves. url: https://doi.org/10.36185/2532-1900-008 doi: 10.36185/2532-1900-008 id: cord-028552-w4yluham author: Maurya, Deepak title: Development of Autonomous Advanced Disinfection Tunnel to Tackle External Surface Disinfection of COVID-19 Virus in Public Places date: 2020-07-04 words: 2363.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028552-w4yluham.txt summary: title: Development of Autonomous Advanced Disinfection Tunnel to Tackle External Surface Disinfection of COVID-19 Virus in Public Places This paper describes a robust autonomous disinfection tunnel to disinfect external surfaces of COVID-19 virus such as clothes and open body sections in public places such as airports, office complexes, schools, and malls. The first chamber automatically detects a person and delivers a disinfectant solution through the spray nozzle array, which could be a sodium hypochlorite solution of a concentration approved by authorities, a herbal disinfectant, or any other solution suggested by health agencies such as the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) or World Health Organisation (WHO). This paper discusses the design and development of a fully automatic, modular, and portable tunnel that has two chambers and uses three processes to disinfect people with high neutralizing efficiency of the COVID-19 virus. abstract: This paper describes a robust autonomous disinfection tunnel to disinfect external surfaces of COVID-19 virus such as clothes and open body sections in public places such as airports, office complexes, schools, and malls. To make the tunnel effective and highly efficient, it has been provided with two chambers with three disinfection processes. Due to the multiple processes, the possibility of neutralizing the virus is quite high and higher than other solutions available at this point for this purpose. Chamber 1 sprays the solution of a disinfectant on the person. This solution can be either a dilute solution of approved chemical or any Ayurvedic/herbal disinfectant. Once the person enters chamber 2, he/she is exposed to hot air at 70 °C along with far-ultraviolet C rays (207–222 nm). Both chambers function autonomously by detecting a person in a chamber using ultrasonic sensors. The proposed tunnel is developed under industry–academia collaboration jointly by Technopark@iitk and ALIMCO under the ambit of the Ministry of Human Resources Development and the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, respectively. The tunnel is referred to as the ‘Techno Advanced Disinfection Tunnel’ (TADT). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335228/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00141-7 id: cord-317413-w2xfdwea author: Maurya, Vimal K. title: Antiviral activity of traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-10-19 words: 5654.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317413-w2xfdwea.txt summary: Therefore, we have planned to investigate the active constituents present in these medicinal plants for possible antiviral activity against spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its host ACE2 receptor using structure-based drug design method. Besides these active constituents, molecules such as 6-gingerol, glycyrrhetic acid, piperine, sawertiamarine, magnoflorine, scopolamine, atropine, eupafolin, and hyoscyamine also have strong binding affinity towards spike glycoprotein and may be developed potential candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection (supplementary Figures 1 and 2 ). The active constituents present in selected plants were evaluated for the prediction of potential attachment inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 via targeting spike glycoprotein as well as its host receptor ACE2. Structure-based drug designing for potential antiviral activity of selected natural products from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its cellular receptor abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19 and responsible for more than 6 million cases globally, for which no vaccine or antiviral is available. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the antiviral role of the active constituents against spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its host ACE2 receptor. Structure-based drug design approach has been used to elucidate the antiviral activity of active constituents present in traditional medicinal plants from Ayurveda. Further, parameters like drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity were determined to ensure the safety and efficacy of active constituents. Gene network analysis was performed to investigate the pathways altered during COVID-19. The prediction of drug–target interactions was performed to discover novel targets for active constituents. The results suggested that amarogentin, eufoliatorin, α-amyrin, caesalpinins, kutkin, β-sitosterol, and belladonnine are the top-ranked molecules have the highest affinity towards both the spike glycoprotein and ACE2. Most active constituents have passed the criteria of drug-likeness and demonstrated good pharmacokinetic profile with minimum predicted toxicity level. Gene network analysis confirmed that G-protein coupled receptor, protein kinase B signaling, protein secretion, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, nuclear transport, apoptotic pathway, tumor necrosis factor, regulation of angiotensin level, positive regulation of ion transport, and membrane protein proteolysis were altered during COVID-19. The target prediction analysis revealed that most active constituents target the same pathways which are found to be altered during COVID-19. Collectively, our data encourages the use of active constituents as a potential therapy for COVID-19. However, further studies are ongoing to confirm its efficacy against disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073699/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1832577 id: cord-327086-u3l8nr73 author: Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck title: Estradiol, Progesterone, Immunomodulation, and COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-07-30 words: 4712.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327086-u3l8nr73.txt summary: Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019; E2, 17β-estradiol; ER, estrogen receptor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; ISARIC, International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; P4, progesterone; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SERM, selective estrogen receptor modulator; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; Tregs, regulatory T cells. In most experimental human or rodent models, the anti-inflammatory actions of E2 on innate immunity includes the suppression of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, for example, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, by monocytes and macrophages (a major factor in the COVID-19 cytokine storm) and a strong inhibition of CCL2, thus preventing innate immune cells migration into inflamed areas, particularly neutrophils and monocytes. Taken together, these findings suggest that E2 and related SERMs have 2 potential protective mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-mediated pneumonias in mice: 1) an estrogen-dependent decrease in the deadly innate immune response and cytokine storm in the lungs, thus preventing respiratory failure, and 2) specific to SERMs, an off-target direct inhibition of SARS-CoV replication and cytopathic effects. abstract: Severe outcomes and death from the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appear to be characterized by an exaggerated immune response with hypercytokinemia leading to inflammatory infiltration of the lungs and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes is consistently lower in women than men worldwide, suggesting that female biological sex is instrumental in protection. This mini-review discusses the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of high physiological concentrations of the steroids 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). We review how E2 and P4 favor a state of decreased innate immune inflammatory response while enhancing immune tolerance and antibody production. We discuss how the combination of E2 and P4 may improve the immune dysregulation that leads to the COVID-19 cytokine storm. It is intended to stimulate novel consideration of the biological forces that are protective in women compared to men, and to therapeutically harness these factors to mitigate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa127 doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa127 id: cord-331193-33cyvidx author: Mawhinney, Jamie A title: Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode date: 2020-06-14 words: 2512.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331193-33cyvidx.txt summary: Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. [9] [10] [11] [12] This article outlines a case of COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode necessitating emergency intubation and discusses potential mechanisms for the development of neuropsychiatric disease. ► The neuroinvasive potential of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (neurotropism) has been reported, but the pathophysiology remains unclear with uncertainty over its long-term consequences. abstract: A 41-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with acute behavioural disruption on the background of a 1-day history of severe headache and a 10-day history of dry cough and fever. He was sexually disinhibited with pressured speech and grandiose ideas. His behaviour worsened, necessitating heavy sedation and transfer to intensive care for mechanical ventilation despite no respiratory indication. Investigations confirmed that he was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Neuroimaging and a lumbar puncture were normal. Initial screening for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid was negative although no validated assay was available. The patient’s mental state remained abnormal following stepdown from intensive care. Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236123 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236123 id: cord-310339-1e16yncy author: Maxam, Meshell title: Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center date: 2020-05-22 words: 2197.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310339-1e16yncy.txt summary: In response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health-care systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. At JHS, the clinical and administrative leadership recognized early on the necessity for a comprehensive COVID-19 protocol and response team that could standardize communication, education, and preventive process measures across the diverse and complex health system. The document contains best practices and guidance for diagnosis, isolation, appropriate personal protective equipment for the care of COVID-19 patients, guidelines for transportation, diagnostic tests, investigational COVID-19 treatment options, a summary of ongoing clinical trials at our facilities, how to mitigate additional transmissions, and education for patients and families. As new data became available, including the National Institutes of Health updated recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients on April 21, 2020, the aforementioned stakeholders were involved in determining which investigational treatment options and clinical trials were available for the health system''s patient population. abstract: In response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health-care systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. We describe the various steps taken for the development, implementation, and dissemination of the interdisciplinary COVID-19 protocol at Jackson Health System (JHS), a complex tertiary academic health system in Miami, Florida. Recognizing the dynamic nature of COVID-19, the protocol addresses the potential investigational treatment options and considerations for special populations. The protocol also includes infection prevention and control measures and routine care for suspected or proven COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441232/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.166 id: cord-331978-y4uo7o8g author: Maxwell, Daniel N title: “The Art of War” in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-04 words: 1520.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331978-y4uo7o8g.txt summary: With rapidly increasing cases and local community transmission in multiple countries outside of China, including the United States, the outbreak has entered a new phase, which requires a shift in primary battle strategy from a focus on containment in China to international mitigation. As cases of COVID-19 explode internationally, a strategic shift is required away from primarily containment, keeping the virus "out there", to home-based mitigation and public health responses. Now, the task is bearing the burden of identifying, isolating, triaging and managing the rising number of cases, necessitating total engagement of the medical community, public health sector, governments and society as a whole. As Sun Tzu noted, "If in training soldiers'' commands are habitually enforced, the army will be well-disciplined." 1 The authors also highlight improvements in infection prevention and control (IPC) infrastructure, administrative controls, and public health coordination compared to their 2003 SARS experience. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa229 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa229 id: cord-254990-nrzwn6oz author: Mayer, Kirby P. title: Recovery from COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: the potential role of an intensive care unit recovery clinic: a case report date: 2020-09-10 words: 3117.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254990-nrzwn6oz.txt summary: The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. The patient''s family reported no travel history or exposure risk, but, given the Fig. 1 Chest radiograph obtained on day 1 of admission to intensive care unit revealed bibasilar airspace disease patient''s clinical symptoms, a test for COVID-19 was performed. abstract: BACKGROUND: In this case report, we describe the trajectory of recovery of a young, healthy patient diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the potential role of intensive care unit recovery or follow-up clinics for patients surviving acute hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 27-year-old Caucasian woman with a past medical history of asthma transferred from a community hospital to our medical intensive care unit for acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to bilateral pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen, 180). On day 2 of her intensive care unit admission, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction confirmed coronavirus disease 2019. Her clinical status gradually improved, and she was extubated on intensive care unit day 5. She had a negative test result for coronavirus disease 2019 twice with repeated reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction before being discharged to home after 10 days in the intensive care unit. Two weeks after intensive care unit discharge, the patient returned to our outpatient intensive care unit recovery clinic. At follow-up, the patient endorsed significant fatigue and exhaustion with difficulty walking, minor issues with sleep disruption, and periods of memory loss. She scored 10/12 on the short performance physical battery, indicating good physical function. She did not have signs of anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder through self-report questionnaires. Clinically, she was considered at low risk of developing post–intensive care syndrome, but she required follow-up services to assist in navigating the healthcare system, addressing remaining symptoms, and promoting return to her pre–coronavirus disease 2019 societal role. CONCLUSION: We present this case report to suggest that patients surviving coronavirus disease 2019 with subsequent development of acute respiratory distress syndrome will require more intense intensive care unit recovery follow-up. Patients with a higher degree of acute illness who also have pre-existing comorbidities and those of older age who survive mechanical ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019 will require substantial post–intensive care unit care to mitigate and treat post–intensive care syndrome, promote reintegration into the community, and improve quality of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912329/ doi: 10.1186/s13256-020-02481-y id: cord-265855-zf52vl11 author: Mayor-Ibarguren, Ander title: A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-10 words: 5324.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265855-zf52vl11.txt summary: Zinc deficiency may increase ACE-2 receptor activity on type 2 pneumocytes and other cells that are infected by SARS-COV-2, mainly in the lower respiratory tract. Although there are no specific data regarding zinc in this pathway for SARS-CoV-2, zinc may limit infection through upregulation of IFN-alpha production and an increase in its antiviral activity (77, 78) . Thus, patients with IL-6-174 GG polymorphism (C-carriers) may be susceptible to developing a severe infection due to SARS-CoV-2, leading to an increase in IL-6 levels that produce a cytokine storm related to impaired zinc homeostasis. We believe there is enough evidence to further investigate how zinc status or homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of severe illness produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its potential role as an active treatment should be assessed in clinical trials. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754165/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01736 id: cord-254094-ed1epul1 author: Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos title: Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-24 words: 1665.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254094-ed1epul1.txt summary: In particular, we refer to the TMPRSS2 expression profile, balance of androgen and estrogen, blood group-A and/or B, nonsynonymous mutations in ORF3, and proteins NS7b and NS8 in SARS-CoV-2. In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, most authors focused their attention on features such as the high expression of ACE2 in the salivary glands in asymptomatic infection [4] , and the maturity and binding capacity of ACE2 [5, 6] . A higher 2D:4D ratio is associated with COVID-19 severity in men [14] , this means that sex hormones play a role in protection, thus, causing women to develop less serious complications or an asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection [12] . An in-depth study of the factors associated with asymptomatic subjects can provide information to limit severe COVID-19 as much as possible. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated abstract: The factors that may contribute to a COVID-19 patient remaining in the asymptomatic stage, or to the infection evolving into the more serious stages are examined. In particular, we refer to the TMPRSS2 expression profile, balance of androgen and estrogen, blood group-A and/or B, nonsynonymous mutations in ORF3, and proteins NS7b and NS8 in SARS-CoV-2. Also, we review other factors related to the susceptibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720327328 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110296 id: cord-346581-wgvx9usr author: Maza-Solano, Juan Manuel title: “Estrategias para la práctica de la otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello durante la fase de control de la COVID-19” date: 2020-05-25 words: 4809.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346581-wgvx9usr.txt summary: Entre los especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas, destaca el especial riesgo de infección en otorrinolaringólogos, anestesistas, dentistas, y oftalmólogos, debido a la cercanía con la vía aérea superior del paciente durante el desarrollo de su actividad, siendo reseñable que los primeros fallecimientos de médicos por COVID-19 hayan sido otorrinolaringólogos y oftalmólogos (7, 8) . La presencia de anticuerpos IgM e IgG deben orientarnos sobre la respuesta del huésped frente al virus, que podrían relacionarse con J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Por lo tanto, con las pruebas actualmente disponibles no es posible asegurar el "riesgo cero" en la selección de pacientes. En el presente documento, se han contrastado los estudios que aportan información acerca de las estrategias y recomendaciones a seguir, y se ha consensuado una clasificación de los pacientes antes de ser valorados por el ORL (clasificación COVID-19), basada en los resultados del cribado clínico-radiológico y de las pruebas diagnósticas. abstract: ABSTRACT The appearance of a new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 at the end of 2019 and its pandemic expansion in the world has changed the usual practice of the specialty of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT). After a phase of exponential growth of infections, it has been possible to enter a phase of control of the spread of the disease in which the possibility of infection persists, and the appearance of new cases is considered acceptable by the health system. The aim of this document is to review the available evidence and propose strategies and recommendations for the medical-surgical practice of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, which allow establishing the usual activity, adapting the safety and efficacy standards to the current situation. Therefore, it is required to identify and classify patients according to criteria of infectious-immunological status, and to establish recommendations for protection in consultations, hospitalization and the operating room, which avoid the transmission of the disease to other users and healthcare personnel, in the specific context of the development of our specialty. This document is the result of the collaboration of all the scientific commissions and the SEORLCCC COVID-19 committee. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.otorri.2020.05.001 id: cord-320127-55h4hhm3 author: Mazingi, Dennis title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children''s surgery in Africa date: 2020-06-10 words: 2671.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt summary: 13 The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strain on health services around the world, and paediatric surgical services are no exception. During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 outbreak in Toronto, stringent restrictions on non-essential surgical services were thought to have aggravated precipitous declines in surgical volume, with only small increases in surge capacity for the outbreak. 42 Paediatric care in Africa is typically characterised by significant involvement by guardians and other family members who support the child during hospital admission, assist the overburdened healthcare workforce and act as care advocates. A recent global review of paediatric surgical workforce density showed that a minimum of four paediatric surgeons per million children under 15 years of age would be required to achieve a survival of >80% for a group of four bellwether paediatric surgical conditions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003016 id: cord-277201-jzjxsetx author: Mazo, Jahinover title: More than Just Pneumonia: Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Two Middle-Aged Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 words: 2648.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277201-jzjxsetx.txt summary: We suspect that a prothrombotic inflammatory response provoked by coronavirus disease could be the culprit, acting as an additive effect on middle-aged patients with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism. In addition to coagulation factor abnormalities, other reported findings of increased D-dimers, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase further support the assertion that a prothrombotic response to the virus is driving the thromboembolic events among COVID-19 patients [9] . Severe COVID-19 infections have also been associated with an inflammatory prothrombotic state, also potentially playing a key role behind the increase in reported thromboembolic complications. We suspect that the existing risk factors present along with the superimposed prothrombotic state induced by COVID-19 induced inflammatory response may have precipitated the development of the venous thromboembolism resulting in PE. e CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report on management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients outlines various recommendations for management of acute VTE. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although severe pneumonia and respiratory compromise have remained the predominant complications of coronavirus disease 19, we are now learning this virus is much more varied in its presentation. In particular, there are increasingly reported cases of thromboembolic events occurring in infected patients. Case Report. In this report, we present two patients, both under the age of 40 with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism, who presented with respiratory distress. Both patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and pulmonary embolism requiring management with anticoagulation. Both patients were discharged after a short course in the hospital. CONCLUSION: The discussion of a hypercoagulable state induced by coronavirus disease 19 has been well documented; however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. We suspect that a prothrombotic inflammatory response provoked by coronavirus disease could be the culprit, acting as an additive effect on middle-aged patients with known risk factors for venous thromboembolism. We recommend clinicians closely monitor those with known risk factors for pulmonary embolism. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4812036 doi: 10.1155/2020/4812036 id: cord-347381-nn6jqqy5 author: Mazzola, Santina M. title: Maintaining Perioperative Safety in Uncertain Times: COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Strategies date: 2020-09-29 words: 3413.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347381-nn6jqqy5.txt summary: Perioperative and organizational leaders at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) were challenged to establish and implement a variety of strategies quickly to help ensure patient and staff member safety during the COVID-19 crisis. At HUP, administrators requested that health care leaders and their teams develop protocols to prioritize patient and staff member safety while also conserving the PPE inventory. The HUP leaders consulted the most recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization COVID-19 recommendations before deciding to require all employees, patients, and visitors to wear face masks while inside the health care facility. The leaders directed all perioperative personnel to wear a surgical mask during low-risk AGPs on patients who tested negative for COVID-19, a practice unchanged from the standard process used when preparing the sterile field. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32990976/ doi: 10.1002/aorn.13195 id: cord-344529-k6divntz author: Mburu, C. N. title: The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-31 words: 5411.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344529-k6divntz.txt summary: Methods: Combining measles serological data, local contact patterns, and vaccination coverage into a cohort model, we predicted the age-adjusted population immunity in Kenya and estimated the probability of outbreaks when contact-reducing COVID-19 interventions are lifted. If routine measles vaccine coverage was reduced by 15%, 50% or 100% since April 2020, an SIA delivered to children 9 months to 5 years old in October 2020 with 95% coverage would reduce measles outbreak probability risk to 0% (0-11), 0% (0-12) and 0% (0-17) for coverage scenarios respectively in age-adjusted analysis. Our analysis suggests a decline in population immunity during COVID-19 pandemic will result in an increased risk of a measles outbreak depending on the extent to which routine vaccination coverage is reduced. The risk of an outbreak which was accelerated by immunity gaps arising in children missed their routinely delivered MCV continued to increase in subsequent months following the start of COVID-19 and by December 2020, the estimated risk had increased to 28%(4-49), 35%(16-52) and 44%(29-57) assuming a 15%, 50% and 100% reduction in measles vaccination coverage respectively. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine measles immunisation and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) in most countries including Kenya. We assessed the risk of measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya as a case study for the African Region. Methods: Combining measles serological data, local contact patterns, and vaccination coverage into a cohort model, we predicted the age-adjusted population immunity in Kenya and estimated the probability of outbreaks when contact-reducing COVID-19 interventions are lifted. We considered various scenarios for reduced measles vaccination coverage from April 2020. Findings: In February 2020, when a scheduled SIA was postponed, population immunity was close to the herd immunity threshold and the probability for one case to initiate a large outbreak as 22% (0-46). As restrictions to physical contact are lifted, from December 2020, the probability for a large outbreak increased to 31% (8-51), 35% (16-52) and 43% (31-56) assuming a 15%, 50% and 100% reduction in vaccination coverage. By December 2021, this risk is higher at 37% (17-54), 44% (29-57) and 57% (48-65) for the same coverage scenarios respectively. However, the increased risk of a measles outbreak following the lifting of the COVID-19 restrictions on contact can be overcome by conducting an SIA with [≥] 95% coverage in under-fives. Interpretation: While the reduction in measles transmissibility through COVID-19 restrictions temporarily reduced the risk from a measles immunity gap, this risk rises again rapidly once physical distancing is relaxed. Implementing delayed SIAs will be critical for prevention of measles outbreaks once contact restrictions are fully lifted in Kenya. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.20181198v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181198 id: cord-329534-deoyowto author: McBryde, Emma S. title: Role of modelling in COVID-19 policy development date: 2020-06-18 words: 3143.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329534-deoyowto.txt summary: Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. In this paper, we describe ways in which models have influenced policy, from the early stages of the outbreak to the current date -and anticipate the future value of models in informing suppression efforts, vaccination programs and economic interventions. For COVID-19, strategies may differ between countries depending on the acuity of the epidemic, the age groups driving the infection or at higher risk for severe disease, and the age structure of the population. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. abstract: Models have played an important role in policy development to address the COVID-19 outbreak from its emergence in China to the current global pandemic. Early projections of international spread influenced travel restrictions and border closures. Model projections based on the virus’s infectiousness demonstrated its pandemic potential, which guided the global response to and prepared countries for increases in hospitalisations and deaths. Tracking the impact of distancing and movement policies and behaviour changes has been critical in evaluating these decisions. Models have provided insights into the epidemiological differences between higher and lower income countries, as well as vulnerable population groups within countries to help design fit-for-purpose policies. Economic evaluation and policies have combined epidemic models and traditional economic models to address the economic consequences of COVID-19, which have informed policy calls for easing restrictions. Social contact and mobility models have allowed evaluation of the pathways to safely relax mobility restrictions and distancing measures. Finally, models can consider future end-game scenarios, including how suppression can be achieved and the impact of different vaccination strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1526054220300981 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.013 id: cord-254740-o80ssdrw author: McCann, Shaun R. title: COVID-19, HCT and wine date: 2020-05-06 words: 974.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254740-o80ssdrw.txt summary: Likewise, King''s College Hospital, London, UK, has issued guidelines for patients undergoing HCT for Severe Aplastic Anaemia [4] as have the American Society for Hematology (ASH) [5] , the EBMT [6] and the Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand [7] . In general, the guidelines recommend that all nonessential transplants should be postponed (easier said than done), donors and patients should avoid all possible infection with COVID-19 and avoid travelling to areas designated as high-risk and all products should be cryopreserved. At the time of writing only one HCT recipient contracted COVID-19 infection in Ireland and happily made a full recovery (personal communication Dr E Conneally, National Stem Cell Transplant, Unit, St James'' Hospital, Dublin). Although bees may not be important to wine farmers, the closure of restaurants and the problems of importing seasonal/migrant grape pickers impose difficulties in spite of the fact that in some instances seasonal/migrant workers live in the country where they are needed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32376968/ doi: 10.1038/s41409-020-0932-3 id: cord-319580-awtp0mpg author: McCartney, Stephen A. title: Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 3709.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319580-awtp0mpg.txt summary: The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. The expression of ACE2 by adipocytes and immune cells also suggests the possibility that adipose tissue may represent a potential reservoir for viral infection and may lead to increased viral burden or persistence; however, no studies to date have demonstrated that adipocytes can be directly infected with SARS-CoV-2. Maternal obesity has emerged as a key risk factor increasing susceptibility of pregnant women to severe COVID-19 disease. There is also an urgent need to focus research on how risk factors, like obesity, alter the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and influence disease pathogenesis of COVID-19 (Box 1). What is the mechanism of increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease in obese nonpregnant and pregnant women? abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a global public health emergency with the need to identify vulnerable populations who may benefit from increased screening and healthcare resources. Initial data suggests that overall, pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, case series have suggested that maternal obesity is one of the most important co‐morbidities associated with more severe disease. In obese individuals, suppressors of cytokine signaling are upregulated and type I and III interferon responses are delayed and blunted leading to ineffective viral clearance. Obesity is also associated with changes in systemic immunity involving a wide range of immune cells and mechanisms that lead to low‐grade chronic inflammation, which can compromise antiviral immunity. Macrophage activation in adipose tissue can produce low levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6). Further, adipocyte secretion of leptin is pro‐inflammatory and high circulating levels of leptin have been associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The synergistic effects of obesity‐associated delays in immune control of COVID‐19 with mechanical stress of increased adipose tissue may contribute to a greater risk of pulmonary compromise in obese pregnant women. In this review, we bring together data regarding obesity as a key co‐morbidity for COVID‐19 in pregnancy with known changes in the antiviral immune response associated with obesity. We also describe how the global burden of obesity among reproductive age women has serious public health implications for COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779790/ doi: 10.1111/aji.13320 id: cord-345125-s96xufes author: McCloskey, Brian title: Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma date: 2020-03-20 words: 1755.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345125-s96xufes.txt summary: at MGs in response to the World Health Assembly''s endorsement on Dec 22, 2011, of the 130th Executive Board Decision "Global mass gatherings: implications and opportunities for global health security" that encompassed joint planning, enhancement of health infrastructures, and taking proper pre-emptive and preventive measures to control infectious diseases on an international scale. 4 Since then, many MGs have been held safely and successfully without any major communicable disease issues arising, 3,5-7 even for MG events held during three WHO declared Public Health Emergencies of International Concern: the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa during the H1N1 influenza pandemic; the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations Football tournament in Equatorial Guinea during the outbreak of Ebola virus disease; and the Rio 2016 Olympics during the Zika virus outbreak. Action plans should include: WHO, working with global partners in MG health, many of whom were involved in the Riyadh conferences and The Lancet''s 2014 Mass Gatherings Medicine Series, [4] [5] [6] [7] 13 has developed comprehensive recommendations for managing the public health aspects of MGs that have been updated with interim key recommendations for COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620306814 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30681-4 id: cord-295693-45etqt72 author: McClure, Elizabeth S title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-07-03 words: 3450.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt summary: In her scholarship on the history of race and medicine, Dr. Dorothy Roberts describes how focusing on "underlying" health conditions and behavioral risk factors allows society "[a] to ignore how disease is caused by political inequality and [b] to justify an unequal system by pointing to the inherent racial difference that disease supposedly reveals" (20) . Under racial capitalism, attention is drawn away from workplace hazards by arguing that workers are inherently at high risk of ill health due to their own racial and behavioral susceptibilities, masking and justifying how labor is structured to concentrate risky, lowwage work among non-White or otherwise marginalized workforces. In the counterfactual scenario of no Black lung function correction but a White hearing correction, industry would owe 31% more in worker''s compensation payouts (this calculation is based on applying the average payout associated with each workers'' compensation award in a typical state (30)). Under racial capitalism, Black workers experience more work-related health damage because they are concentrated in riskier, less protected jobs. abstract: Epidemiology of the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyze economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the U.S., White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Both impaired lung function and hearing are criteria for Worker’s compensation, which is ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to: critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis; and center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32619007/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa126 id: cord-307293-zp4oddrt author: McCoy, Liam G title: CAN-NPI: A Curated Open Dataset of Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Response to the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 words: 3582.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307293-zp4oddrt.txt summary: This novel dataset enables robust, inter-jurisdictional comparisons of pandemic response, can serve as a model for other jurisdictions and can be linked with other information about case counts, transmission dynamics, health care utilization, mobility data and economic indicators to derive important insights regarding NPI impact. We present the first comprehensive, open dataset containing detailed information about all publicly available NPIs that have been implemented by governments and major private organizations in Canada in response to COVID-19. In this dataset, we define a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) as any publicly-announced program, statement, enforceable order, initiative, or operational change originating from any public or private organization in response to COVID-19-whether to curtail its transmission or mitigate its social and economic ramifications. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4 : Variation in time-to-intervention by Canadian province / territory for two major NPIs-declaration of state of emergency and school closure-shown relative to two descriptors of the local COVID-19 outbreak, dates of first case and first death in each region. abstract: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been the primary tool used by governments and organizations to mitigate the spread of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. Natural experiments are currently being conducted on the impact of these interventions, but most of these occur at the subnational level - data not available in early global datasets. We describe the rapid development of the first comprehensive, labelled dataset of 1640 NPIs implemented at federal, provincial/territorial and municipal levels in Canada to guide COVID-19 research. For each intervention, we provide: a) information on timing to aid in longitudinal evaluation, b) location to allow for robust spatial analyses, and c) classification based on intervention type and target population, including classification aligned with a previously developed measure of government response stringency. This initial dataset release (v1.0) spans January 1st, and March 31st, 2020; bi-weekly data updates to continue for the duration of the pandemic. This novel dataset enables robust, inter-jurisdictional comparisons of pandemic response, can serve as a model for other jurisdictions and can be linked with other information about case counts, transmission dynamics, health care utilization, mobility data and economic indicators to derive important insights regarding NPI impact. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 id: cord-279334-j0i9ozsz author: McCreary, Erin K title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options date: 2020-03-23 words: 8269.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279334-j0i9ozsz.txt summary: Most existing preclinical and clinical data on antiviral therapy are derived from other viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 (first reported in 2003), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ([MERS-CoV] first reported in 2012), and non-coronaviruses (eg, Ebola virus disease). The use of 500 mg of chloroquine by mouth twice daily as the reference for efficacy is rational given initial reports from China [16] , but it is important to note that this dosing still requires validation, and the improved R LTEC values reported are largely driven by the finding that hydroxychloroquine was 7.6 times more potent than chloroquine in vitro. Given this finding, the small numbers in this study, the lack of clinical outcomes presented, the potential for additive toxicity with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, and the desperate need to practice good antimicrobial stewardship during the COVID-19 pandemic, we would caution clinicians against using these data to support combination therapy. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread across the globe resulting in a pandemic. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in more than 200 000 patients and associated with over 8000 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization). On behalf of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists, we herein summarize the current evidence as of March 18, 2020 to provide guidance on potential COVID-19 treatment options. It is important to caution readers that new data emerges daily regarding clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for COVID-19. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy, and the clinical efficacy for the subsequent agents is still under investigation. Antimicrobial stewardship programs, including infectious diseases pharmacists and physicians, are at the forefront of COVID-19 emergency preparedness. We encourage all readers to continue to assess clinical data as it emerges and share their experience within our community in a well-controlled, adequately powered fashion. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa105 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa105 id: cord-260807-uyb45nye author: McCullough, Laurence B. title: Teaching Professional Formation in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-22 words: 2772.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260807-uyb45nye.txt summary: The ethical principle of beneficence creates the ethical obligation of the physician to identify and provide medically reasonable clinical management for the patient''s condition (e.g., pregnancy) or diagnosis (e.g., COVID-19 infection). However, this ethical obligation is a Abstract In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges has called for a temporary suspension of clinical teaching activities for medical students. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners'' participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners'' participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. abstract: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges has called for a temporary suspension of clinical teaching activities for medical students. Planning for the continued involvement of learners in patient care during this pandemic should include teaching learners professional formation. The authors provide an ethical framework to guide such teaching, based on the ethical principle of beneficence and the professional virtues of courage and self-sacrifice from professional ethics in medicine. The authors show that these concepts support the conclusion that learners are ethically obligated to accept reasonable, but not unreasonable, risk. Based on this ethical framework, the authors provide an account of the process of teaching professional formation that medical educators and academic leaders should implement. Medical educators and academic leaders should embrace the opportunity that the COVID-19 pandemic presents for teaching professional formation. Learners should acquire the conceptual vocabulary of professional formation. Learners should recognize that risk of infection from patients is unavoidable. Learners should become aware of established ethical standards for professional responsibility during epidemics from the history of medicine. Learners should master understandable fear. Medical educators and academic leaders should ensure that didactic teaching of professional formation continues when it becomes justified to end learners’ participation in the processes of patient care; topics should include the professionally responsible management of scarce medical resources. The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk. Professional ethics in medicine provides powerful conceptual tools that can be used as an ethical framework to guide medical educators to teach learners, who will bear leadership responsibilities in responses to future pandemics, professional formation. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003434 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003434 id: cord-342857-vj6sw2ne author: McCullough, Peter A. title: Pathophysiological Basis and Rationale for Early Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection date: 2020-08-07 words: 2215.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342857-vj6sw2ne.txt summary: In the absence of clinical trial results, physicians must use what has been learned about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in determining early outpatient treatment of the illness with the aim of preventing hospitalization or death. Thus, in the context of present knowledge, given the severity of the outcomes and the relative availability, cost, and toxicity of the therapy, each physician and patient must make a choice: watchful waiting in self-quarantine or empiric treatment with the aim of reducing hospitalization and death. (10) For the ambulatory patient with recognized early signs and symptoms of COVID-19, often with nasal real-time reverse transcription or oral antigen testing pending, the following four principles could be deployed in a layered and escalating manner depending on clinical manifestations of COVID-19 like illness(11) and confirmed infection: 1) reduction of reinoculation, 2) combination antiviral therapy, 3) immunomodulation, 4) antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy. abstract: Approximately 9 months of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading across the globe has led to widespread COVID-19 acute hospitalizations and death. The rapidity and highly communicable nature of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has hampered the design and execution of definitive randomized, controlled trials of therapy outside of the clinic or hospital. In the absence of clinical trial results, physicians must use what has been learned about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in determining early outpatient treatment of the illness with the aim of preventing hospitalization or death. This paper outlines key pathophysiological principles that relate to the patient with early infection treated at home. Therapeutic approaches based on these principles include: 1) reduction of reinoculation, 2) combination antiviral therapy, 3) immunomodulation, 4) antiplatelet/antithrombotic therapy 5) administration of oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Future randomized trials testing the principles and agents discussed in this paper will undoubtedly refine and clarify their individual roles, however we emphasize the immediate need for management guidance in the setting of widespread hospital resource consumption, morbidity, and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.003 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.003 id: cord-350029-1y5ex4d5 author: McDade, Thomas W. title: Beyond serosurveys: Human biology and the measurement of SARS‐Cov‐2 antibodies date: 2020-08-09 words: 2690.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350029-1y5ex4d5.txt summary: Serological testing is a complementary approach that detects the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood samples from exposed individuals (World Health Organization, 2020). If sufficient time has passed since the initial infection, the presence of IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens can be used to confirm a clinical case of COVID-19. In developing a low-cost ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, our hope is that others can draw on the longstanding tradition of methodological innovation in human biology to promote community-based research on COVID-19. Human biologists are also well-positioned to consider a life course perspective on variation in outcomes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human biologists are uniquely positioned to make important contributions to our understanding of COVID-19, and methods that facilitate research in community-based settings globally will be central to that effort. Enzyme immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dried blood spot samples: A minimally-invasive approach to facilitate community-and population-based screening abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23483 doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23483 id: cord-274353-tzlcpx7q author: McDermott, Amy title: Inner Workings: Molecular biologists offer “wartime service” in the effort to test for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 words: 1987.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274353-tzlcpx7q.txt summary: In order to legally perform diagnostic work on human samples in the United States, a lab needs certification from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, through its Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program (2) . On March 12, for example, California Governor Gavin Newsom issued an executive order suspending certification and licensure requirements for any researcher with relevant skills who meets CLIA requirements to run the COVID-19 test; such a person may now temporarily run the assays under the supervision of a medical laboratory scientist in a CLIA-certified lab (4). To get around its limitations, UC Berkeley is temporarily extending the clinical lab''s CLIA certificate into the larger Innovative Genomics Institute on campus, and will staff it with volunteer researchers who have the relevant skills to run the assay, supervised by a licensed medical laboratory scientist. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295880/ doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006240117 id: cord-256042-1yq7kf7d author: McDonnell, Sarah title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes before, during and after the pandemic date: 2020-10-12 words: 2913.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256042-1yq7kf7d.txt summary: The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. In summary, there is no correlation between Covid deaths (representing the pandemic peak) and preterm births, perinatal mortality, mode of delivery or maternity complications across the months of January to July 2020. There has been a wealth of data published on Covid-19 infection in pregnancy and our knowledge of the effects of SARS-CoV2 on maternal and neonatal outcomes has rapidly evolved, with reports of perinatal transmission increasing 8, 9 . However, a regional maternity unit in Ireland has described a reduction in preterm deliveries of very low birth weight infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in their population. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore any apparent trends in maternal or neonatal outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic by comparing the maternity outcomes before, during and after the pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of maternity statistics recorded on the hospital database of a large tertiary referral centre in Dublin with over 8,000 deliveries per annum from 1 st January to 31 st July 2020. This time period represented the months prior to, during the peak and following the pandemic in Ireland. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the monthly number of Covid deaths and the monthly number of perinatal deaths (r = 0.465, NS), preterm births (r = 0.339, NS) or hypertensive pregnancies (r = 0.48, NS). Compared to the combined numbers for the same month in 2018 and 2019, there were no significant changes in perinatal deaths or preterm births in the months when Covid deaths were at their height. The rate of preterm birth was significantly less common in January-July 2020 compared to January-July in 2018/2019 (7.4% v 8,6%, chi-sq 4.53, P = 0.03) CONCLUSION: The was no evidence of a negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternity services, as demonstrated by maternal and neonatal outcomes. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301211520306539 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.023 id: cord-275833-c3zamfix author: McElligott, Helen title: Hybrid-CERAB (Covered Endovascular Reconstruction of the Aortic Bifurcation) Procedure is preferable to Aorto-Bi-Femoral Bypass for Limb-threatening Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease during the COVID-19 Crisis. date: 2020-09-02 words: 1159.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275833-c3zamfix.txt summary: Endovascular therapy offers a way by which peri-operative risk can be reduced for vascular patients, while also reducing the impact of acute surgery on intensive care unit capacity. This case reports the management of a patient with complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease via a hybrid endovascular approach in light of the above constraints, with a successful outcome. We report a case of a patient with acute-on-chronic TASC-II (Trans-Atlantic Inter-8 Society Consensus II) D aorto-iliac occlusive disease managed by covered endovascular 9 reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB) as an alternative to open surgery in the era of 10 COVID-19. Early data has 16 highlighted the impact of SARS-Cov2 infection on post-operative outcomes, with mortality rates 17 as high as 40% in COVID-19-positive patients undergoing vascular surgery reported 10 . Concerns regarding post-operative mortality in the event of SARS-Cov2 infection, 7 critical care bed capacity and inpatient length of stay will undoubtedly lead to a re-imagining of 8 the role of endovascular therapy in the management of complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting the provision of acute vascular surgery across the globe. Limited evidence regarding the impact of nosocomial infection on patient outcomes, as well as concerns regarding critical care capacity, will likely impact upon surgical decision making. Endovascular therapy offers a way by which peri-operative risk can be reduced for vascular patients, while also reducing the impact of acute surgery on intensive care unit capacity. This case reports the management of a patient with complex aorto-iliac occlusive disease via a hybrid endovascular approach in light of the above constraints, with a successful outcome. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468428720301404 doi: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2020.08.019 id: cord-289103-6i7wf41w author: McElyea, Christine title: Lung ultrasound artifacts in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-25 words: 1758.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289103-6i7wf41w.txt summary: As of the summer of 2020, there are more than 12.5 million reported cases of COVID-19 caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing a pandemic that has presented many challenges in the traditional approach to patients with hypoxemia and shortness of breath or respiratory failure. Eight (8) In patient A, the findings described were noted in the upper anterior lung zones bilaterally, while a chest x-ray obtained concurrently demonstrated infiltrate in bilateral lower lateral lung zones. We were able to capture these early changes since ultrasound was used earlier in COVID patients as we suspect pneumonia in those patients even with a normal CXR as inpatient A, representing part of the early interstitial and parenchymal lung disease and the early manifestation and development of shred sign, not described in previous literature. Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak abstract: Lung ultrasound is an essential tool in critical care, made more so by the enhanced precautions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic. Here we describe 2 cases of multiple, small shred signs seen on ultrasound of Covid-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00526-y doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00526-y id: cord-256159-7x45wd45 author: McFee, R.B. title: INTRODUCTION - EMERGING PATHOGESN AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC date: 2020-07-28 words: 757.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256159-7x45wd45.txt summary: With further study into SARS and other human pathogenic coronaviruses, it became clear these highly adaptive viruses should be added to the list of pathogens capable of causing major outbreaks. Since SARS, two additional highly pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged, MERS, and SARS2 (8-10), which throughout this article will be referred to as COVID-19 (5) (6) (7) (8) . This latest potentially deadly coronavirus, which emerged in late 2019, has caused a level of global illness unseen in numbers and rapidity since the major outbreaks of the early 19 th century. The origin, transmission, and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -an update on the status Epidemiological, demographic, and clnical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutics) Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); A review abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0011502920301279 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101065 id: cord-332087-xwturwju author: McGlynn, Fergal title: Argatroban for therapeutic anticoagulation for heparin resistance associated with Covid-19 infection date: 2020-08-24 words: 1448.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332087-xwturwju.txt summary: They describe their experience with Covid-19 patients in the intensive care unit anti-coagulated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH), presenting evidence of apparent heparin resistance (HR) resulting from increased levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen with decreased antithrombin levels. [4] recently reported outcomes for 42 patients in (non-Covid-19) critical care settings with HR who were anti-coagulated with argatroban compared to those treated with increased doses of UFH. They reported greater efficacy in achieving adequate anti-coagulation (as measured by the aPTT) at 24 h with argatroban than with increased doses of heparin. We report 2 cases of apparent HR in critically ill Covid-19 patients with thrombotic complications who were successfully and safely treated with argatroban. Argatroban may be considered as an alternative anti-coagulant, easily monitored using the aPTT in critically ill patients with Covid-19-associated thrombosis and HR. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830309/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02251-z id: cord-341309-li3slzw6 author: McGough, S. F. title: Modeling COVID19 mortality in the US: Community context and mobility matter date: 2020-06-20 words: 3083.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341309-li3slzw6.txt summary: We investigated 32 the relative associations between COVID-19 mortality and social distancing, sociodemographic 33 makeup, economic vulnerabilities, and comorbidities in 24 counties surrounding 7 major 34 metropolitan areas in the US using a flexible and robust time series modeling approach. We investigated 32 the relative associations between COVID-19 mortality and social distancing, sociodemographic 33 makeup, economic vulnerabilities, and comorbidities in 24 counties surrounding 7 major 34 metropolitan areas in the US using a flexible and robust time series modeling approach. Other influential 50 community factors include social and economic vulnerabilities (3, 4), referred to in the 51 epidemiologic literature as "social determinants of health" (5 For example, social distancing policies have been adopted by state and local governments at 60 different points during the outbreak, and have also been shown to impact COVID-19 growth 61 rates (8). Our study combines both community context and social distancing effects and evaluate COVID-70 19 mortality rates over time across US counties. abstract: The United States has become an epicenter for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, communities have been unequally affected and evidence is growing that social determinants of health may be exacerbating the pandemic. Furthermore, the impact and timing of social distancing at the community level have yet to be fully explored. We investigated the relative associations between COVID-19 mortality and social distancing, sociodemographic makeup, economic vulnerabilities, and comorbidities in 24 counties surrounding 7 major metropolitan areas in the US using a flexible and robust time series modeling approach. We found that counties with poorer health and less wealth were associated with higher daily mortality rates compared to counties with fewer economic vulnerabilities and fewer pre-existing health conditions. Declines in mobility were associated with up to 15% lower mortality rates relative to pre-social distancing levels of mobility, but effects were lagged between 25-30 days. While we cannot estimate causal impact, this study provides insight into the association of social distancing on community mortality while accounting for key community factors. For full transparency and reproducibility, we provide all data and code used in this study. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20134122v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134122 id: cord-035272-j070oidg author: McGowan, Catherine R. title: COVID-19 testing acceptability and uptake amongst the Rohingya and host community in Camp 21, Teknaf, Bangladesh date: 2020-11-11 words: 2019.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035272-j070oidg.txt summary: In response both to low uptake of testing across all camps, and rumours of an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in May/June 2020, the International Organization for Migration (in partnership with ACAPS) undertook a qualitative study to collect accounts from the Rohingya relating to testing and treatment, and to explore the possibility that what was thought to be an outbreak of influenza may have been COVID-19. In response to low uptake of testing across all campsas well as reports of an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in the camps in May/June and the absence of a corresponding increase in primary healthcare consultationsthe International Organization for Migration (IOM), in partnership with ACAPS, undertook a qualitative study to collect accounts from Rohingya around testing and treatment, and to explore the possibility that what was thought to be an outbreak of influenza may have been COVID-19. abstract: Facility-based sentinel testing for COVID-19 was implemented in May 2020 to monitor the prevalence of COVID-19 amongst the Rohingya and host community in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. In response both to low uptake of testing across all camps, and rumours of an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in May/June 2020, the International Organization for Migration (in partnership with ACAPS) undertook a qualitative study to collect accounts from the Rohingya relating to testing and treatment, and to explore the possibility that what was thought to be an outbreak of influenza may have been COVID-19. The report provided rich descriptions of the apprehension around testing and offered some clear recommendations for addressing these. We developed a testing ‘script’ in response to these recommendations, deploying it alongside a survey to determine reasons for declining a test. We compared testing uptake before deploying the testing script, and after (controlling for the total number of consultations), to generate a crude measure of the impact of the script on testing uptake. We coded reasons for declining a test thematically, disaggregated by status (Rohingya and host community) and sex. Despite the small sample size our results suggest an increase in testing uptake following the implementation of the script. Reasons provided by patients for declining a test included: 1) fear, 2) the belief that COVID-19 does not exist, that Allah will prevent them from contracting it, or that their symptoms are not caused by COVID-19, 3) no permission from husband/family, and 4) a preference to return at a later time for a test. Our findings largely mirror the qualitative accounts in the International Organization for Migration/ACAPS report and suggest that further testing amongst both populations will be complicated by fear, and a lack of clarity around testing. Our data lend force to the recommendations in the International Organization for Migration/ACAPS report and emphasise that contextual factors play a key role and must be considered in designing and implementing a health response to a novel disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656219/ doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-00322-9 id: cord-287161-hqrql1lh author: McGrail, D. E. title: COVID-19 Case Series at UnityPoint Health St. Lukes Hospital in Cedar Rapids, IA date: 2020-07-19 words: 2237.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287161-hqrql1lh.txt summary: A retrospective, descriptive study of all patients tested for SARS-CoV2 on admission for illness to a community hospital in Iowa from 3/21/20 thru 6/14/20 consisted of evaluation as to demographics, presentation and hospital course. Overall survival of the COVID-19 patients was 88%, 77% in the critically ill, 59% of those mechanically ventilated and 33% of those requiring new dialysis. In this case series, we aim to describe epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted 3/21/2020 thru 6/14/2020 to UPH St. Luke''s Hospital, one of the two hospitals in Cedar Rapids. This early peak in ICU resources is a reflection of transitioning from an early intubation intervention for COVID-19 related acute hypoxic respiratory failure to a strategy of utilizing high flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation(i.e BiPAP) as supported in the literature 15 . In addition, our data indicates a significant portion of the critically ill patients whom were mechanically ventilated required hemodialysis support, 47%(9 of 19). abstract: A retrospective, descriptive study of all patients tested for SARS-CoV2 on admission for illness to a community hospital in Iowa from 3/21/20 thru 6/14/20 consisted of evaluation as to demographics, presentation and hospital course. Ninety-one patients were SARS-CoV2 PCR+ with 63% being male and a median age of 60. Cardiovascular disease was a significant comorbidity in the PCR+ group. Fever, cough, dyspnea, nausea, emesis, diarrhea, headache and myalgias were significantly more common in that group, as was an elevated CRP, LDH, serum ferritin and transaminases. Overall survival of the COVID-19 patients was 88%, 77% in the critically ill, 59% of those mechanically ventilated and 33% of those requiring new dialysis. Survival was 93% in those not receiving any antivirals. Survival of those treated with hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin was 92%, compared to 86% of those treated with hydroxychloroquine alone. The latter two groups were significantly more ill than the untreated group. A transition from an early intubation strategy to aggressive utilization of high flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation(i.e BiPAP) was successful in freeing up ICU resources. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.17.20156521v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156521 id: cord-329010-n0mz098o author: McKee, Dwight L. title: Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 words: 5193.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329010-n0mz098o.txt summary: Further, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and off-label antiviral drugs, such as the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs arbidol and favipiravir as well as antiviral phytochemicals available to date may prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic. Drugs that have recently been shown to target MERS-CoV in mice [15] , and to inhibit Ebola virus RdRP and SARS-CoV-2 proteases in humans, such as remdesivir and ritonavir/lopinavir, also constitute candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and are now investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in COVID-19 patients in 2 international clinical trials (SOLIDARITY Trial and DisCoVeRy Trial). The emergence of the novel beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 rapidly led to a pandemic involving more than 2,500,000 infected persons and more proven drugs such as camostat mesilate which prevents virus host cell entry by inhibiting TMPRSS2 [8] , and chloroquine phosphate which inhibits terminal phosphorylation of ACE2, or hydroxychloroquine which is metabolized in vivo to chloroquine [44] . abstract: Outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in 2019/2020 will challenge global health for the future. Because a vaccine against the virus will not be available in the near future, we herein try to offer a pharmacological strategy to combat the virus. There exists a number of candidate drugs that may inhibit infection with and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Such drugs comprise inhibitors of TMPRSS2 serine protease and inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blockade of ACE2, the host cell receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of TMPRSS2, which is required for S protein priming may prevent cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Further, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and off-label antiviral drugs, such as the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs arbidol and favipiravir as well as antiviral phytochemicals available to date may prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311671?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104859 id: cord-260210-u4uosc5v author: McKenna, Hugh title: Covid-19: Ethical issues for nurses date: 2020-10-01 words: 1997.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260210-u4uosc5v.txt summary: A foundation of nursing practice is the duty of care with the attendant obligations to alleviate suffering, restore health and respect the rights and dignity of every patient. In such a scenario, another ethical principle, distributive justice is often sacrificed, where everyone has an unqualified right to the very best health care. In the current pandemic, teams that include nurses, may be actively involved in using triage principles that will lead to the withholding of potentially lifesaving equipment or facilities from some patients with COVID-19. But no clinician should have to make these decisions alone; rather, it should be a team endeavour, based on the very best ethical and clinical evidence, a view supported by Department of Health guidance ( DoH, 2020 ). Less than six months later, their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and that of nurses worldwide, demonstrates that in the face of more profound ethical dilemmas they continue to put patients first. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103673 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103673 id: cord-141541-g5pt10yn author: McLachlan, Scott title: Bluetooth Smartphone Apps: Are they the most private and effective solution for COVID-19 contact tracing? date: 2020-05-08 words: 10541.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt summary: Figure 3 presents the typical CTA use-case described by many authors, in which: (a) the primary CTA user and others install and register the app on their smartphones; (b) as they move around and come into close physical contact with each other, their smartphones identify other smartphones and a contact trace is recorded; (c) an upload of some information passes from the CTA on the users device, via their provider''s core network (cellular or ISP); (d) from their provider, via the internet, to the HA servers; and (e) alerts and updates can also be sent from the HA server to individuals, or every user. Some variation is observed in the literature claiming to present privacy-preserving methods regarding: (i) the type of information passed from the CTA to the health authority server; and (ii) whether the data passes directly to the HA server or, as with the Singapore (TraceTogether), Australian (COVIDSafe) and proposed Apple/Google collaboration examples, into a thirdparty supplier''s international datacentre cloud network (i.e. Google, Apple or Amazon Web Services) before being received by the HA server (Maddocks, 2020) . abstract: Many digital solutions mainly involving Bluetooth technology are being proposed for Contact Tracing Apps (CTA) to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Concerns have been raised regarding privacy, consent, uptake required in a given population, and the degree to which use of CTAs can impact individual behaviours. However, very few groups have taken a holistic approach and presented a combined solution. None has presented their CTA in such a way as to ensure that even the most suggestible member of our community does not become complacent and assume that CTA operates as an invisible shield, making us and our families impenetrable or immune to the disease. We propose to build on some of the digital solutions already under development that, with addition of a Bayesian model that predicts likelihood for infection supplemented by traditional symptom and contact tracing, that can enable us to reach 90% of a population. When combined with an effective communication strategy and social distancing, we believe solutions like the one proposed here can have a very beneficial effect on containing the spread of this pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06621v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-282732-qym6wji7 author: McLaughlin, Katie-May title: COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy—Is Transferrin a Missing Link? date: 2020-07-30 words: 2895.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282732-qym6wji7.txt summary: To identify gene products that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we analyzed the expression of genes associated with the Gene Ontology (GO) term "blood coagulation" in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and identified four procoagulants, whose expression is higher in males and increases with age (ADAMTS13, F11, HGFAC, KLKB1), and two anticoagulants, whose expression is higher in females and decreases with age (C1QTNF1, SERPINA5). Thus, gene products that (1) are involved in coagulation, (2) change with age, (3) differ in their levels between females and males, and (4) are regulated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection represent candidate factors that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and disease severity. To identify such candidate factors that may be involved in COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we here performed a combined analysis of a proteomics dataset derived from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells [10] , of a dataset of host cell proteins found to bind to SARS-CoV-2 proteins [11] , and of human gene expression data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database [12] . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 disease has been associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis, but the mechanisms underlying COVID-19-related coagulopathy remain unknown. The risk of severe COVID-19 disease is higher in males than in females and increases with age. To identify gene products that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we analyzed the expression of genes associated with the Gene Ontology (GO) term “blood coagulation” in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and identified four procoagulants, whose expression is higher in males and increases with age (ADAMTS13, F11, HGFAC, KLKB1), and two anticoagulants, whose expression is higher in females and decreases with age (C1QTNF1, SERPINA5). However, the expression of none of these genes was regulated in a proteomics dataset of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and none of the proteins have been identified as a binding partner of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Hence, they may rather generally predispose individuals to thrombosis without directly contributing to COVID-19-related coagulopathy. In contrast, the expression of the procoagulant transferrin (not associated to the GO term “blood coagulation”) was higher in males, increased with age, and was upregulated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hence, transferrin warrants further examination in ongoing clinic-pathological investigations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751741/ doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10080539 id: cord-347697-uz0i6wfp author: McLean, Ross C. title: A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a “lockdown” effect? date: 2020-09-12 words: 3894.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347697-uz0i6wfp.txt summary: title: A single-centre observational cohort study to evaluate volume and severity of emergency general surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a "lockdown" effect? Two separate cohorts of adult emergency general surgery inpatient admissions immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a large University hospital in the North of England providing specialist services to a population of over 450,000 people) were included in this study. The main outcomes for this observational study were aetiology and severity of surgical disease at presentation, initial management strategies instigated, length of stay in hospital and intensive care, unplanned readmission to hospital or intensive care, postoperative complications (defined by the Clavien-Dindo Classification [25] ), and all-cause patient mortality within 30 days of admission and operative 30-day mortality. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the impact of ''lockdown'' on emergency general surgical admissions in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in NHS surgical service provision, including reduced elective surgical and endoscopic activity, with only essential emergency surgery being undertaken. This, combined with the government-imposed lockdown, may have impacted on patient attendance, severity of surgical disease, and outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible ‘lockdown’ effect on the volume and severity of surgical admissions and their outcomes. METHODS: Two separate cohorts of adult emergency general surgery inpatient admissions 30 days immediately before (16(th) February 2020 to 15(th) March 2020), and after UK government advice (16(th) March 2020 to 15(th) April 2020). Data were collected relating to patient characteristics, severity of disease, clinical outcomes, and compared between these groups. RESULTS: Following lockdown, a significant reduction in median daily admissions from 7 to 3 per day (p<0.001) was observed. Post-lockdown patients were significantly older, frailer with higher inflammatory indices and rates of acute kidney injury, and also were significantly more likely to present with gastrointestinal cancer, obstruction, and perforation. Patients had significantly higher rates of Clavien-Dindo Grade ≥3 complications (p=0.001), all cause 30-day mortality (8.5% vs. 2.9%, p=0.028), but no significant difference was observed in operative 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a “lockdown” effect on general surgical admissions with a profound impact; fewer surgical admissions, more acutely unwell surgical patients, and an increase in all cause 30-day mortality. Patients should be advised to present promptly with gastrointestinal symptoms, and this should be reinforced for future lockdowns during the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743919120306749?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.09.011 id: cord-330755-7kvaduoq author: McMahon, Meghan title: Informing Canada''s Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date: 2020-08-17 words: 3898.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330755-7kvaduoq.txt summary: Seven COVID-19 priorities for health services and policy research were identified: system adaptation and organization of care; resource allocation decision-making and ethics; rapid synthesis and comparative policy analysis of the COVID-19 response and outcomes; healthcare workforce; virtual care; long-term consequences of the pandemic; and public and patient engagement. COVID-19 illuminates the ability of healthcare delivery systems (e.g., a health authority) and organizations (e.g., a hospital or LTC home) to use COVID-19 and other data to support real-time decision-making, foster continuous learning and evidence-informed planning and implement policies and interventions across the system. Research that evaluates the health system response, analyzes and informs policy options and identifies how to improve the design and delivery of health services is essential for many reasons, including successful navigation out of the current pandemic, improving health system preparedness for future outbreaks and ensuring that the Canadian healthcare system that reopens is stronger, resilient, and more accessible, more equitable and of higher quality than the one that existed before the onslaught of COVID-19. abstract: To inform Canada's research response to COVID-19, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Health Services and Policy Research (IHSPR) conducted a rapid-cycle priority identification process. Seven COVID-19 priorities for health services and policy research were identified: system adaptation and organization of care; resource allocation decision-making and ethics; rapid synthesis and comparative policy analysis of the COVID-19 response and outcomes; healthcare workforce; virtual care; long-term consequences of the pandemic; and public and patient engagement. Three additional cross-cutting themes were identified: supporting the health of Indigenous Peoples and vulnerable populations, data and digital infrastructure, and learning health systems and knowledge platforms. IHSPR hopes these research priorities will contribute to the broader ecosystem for collective research investment and action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813643/ doi: 10.12927/hcpol.2020.26249 id: cord-290815-08rafcek author: McMaster, David title: COVID‐19: opportunities for professional development and disruptive innovation date: 2020-05-28 words: 896.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290815-08rafcek.txt summary: Despite these challenges, we believe that the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is generating opportunities for both professional development and innovation in medical education. This unplanned interruption offers a unique opportunity for professional development, which may otherwise be missed, with the chance to consolidate learning, reflect on personal career plans and engage in academic research. During the COVID-19 pandemic there will be barriers to engaging in laboratory-and hospital-based research; however, there is great value in performing systematic reviews of the literature and in taking part in qualitative research projects that may be conducted remotely, all of which will improve skills and strengthen applications to future training posts. Students at Harvard Medical School have already created a rapidly updating COVID-19 curriculum, with the latest research and developments, that is benefiting many clinicians. there are opportunities to strengthen engagement by involving students in the planning and execution of learning resources abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32463591/ doi: 10.1111/tct.13175 id: cord-304285-mfztp5om author: McNabb-Baltar, Julia title: Lipase Elevation in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 1229.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304285-mfztp5om.txt summary: DISCUSSION: Although a mild elevation in serum lipase was observed in some patients with COVID-19, clinical acute pancreatitis was not seen. A recent report from China described evidence of pancreatic injury, defined as elevated lipase, in up to 17% of active COVID-19 cases (2) . The second patient (a 61-year-old woman with Crohn''s disease and serum lipase 275 U/L) reported nausea, vomiting, mild general abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anorexia. Previous reports have described the association between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal manifestations, such as liver injury, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. A recent report from China revealed that up to 17% of patients with COVID-19 presented with some form of pancreatic injury, which was associated with a more severe initial presentation, but not worse outcomes (2) . We recently reported that 48% of patients presenting with elevated lipase exceeding 3 times the upper limit of normal were because of nonpancreatic etiologies, including gastritis/gastroparesis in 12% and enteritis/colitis in 18% (5). abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with gastrointestinal manifestations, its effect on the pancreas remains unclear. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of hyperlipasemia in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients across 6 US centers with COVID-19. RESULTS: Of 71 patients, 9 (12.1%) developed hyperlipasemia, with 2 (2.8%) greater than 3 times upper limit of normal. No patient developed acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia was not associated with poor outcomes or symptoms. DISCUSSION: Although a mild elevation in serum lipase was observed in some patients with COVID-19, clinical acute pancreatitis was not seen. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32496339/ doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000732 id: cord-294094-ndahvsz7 author: McQueen, Sydney A. title: The Person Behind the Personal Protective Equipment date: 2020-08-11 words: 1023.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294094-ndahvsz7.txt summary: Within a few short months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed our world. In many ways, this pandemic has amplified the fractured lives we live as physicians and laid them out for public consumption via the media as both real and "fake news." The language of war has valorized us, and we have unwittingly become "heroes" in a "war" against COVID-19. Let us remember that in the fall of 2019, physician wellness and burnout was the number one topic for medical conferences around the world, with committees and task force groups constructed at every level. Let us support one another across the boundaries of our professions and disciplines to truly foster teamwork, compassion, patient care, and physician well-being. Let us disseminate the work from the burnout task forces of 2019 so that their recommendations become the cornerstones of our newly constructed system. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154996/ doi: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000004 id: cord-280241-h16s6wwm author: McStay, R. title: COVID-19: looking beyond the peak. Challenges and tips for radiologists in follow-up of a novel patient cohort date: 2020-10-08 words: 4857.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280241-h16s6wwm.txt summary: Following on from initial statements in the acute phase of the pandemic (1) (2), this update from the British Society of Thoracic Imaging group aims to provide an overview of the multisystem complications of COVID-19 with a focus on the thoracic manifestations, in particular the lung parenchymal and pulmonary vascular sequelae. The authors will also explore the British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidance on the respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19, including the resource implications for departments, discuss the potential use of structured reporting of follow-up imaging and outline future opportunities for longitudinal data collection and research. A perilobular pattern of organising pneumonia (32) , recognised in the acute phase of the disease, may also be present on follow-up but may dissipate on later imaging, especially if unaccompanied by signs of fibrosis (Fig. 10) . abstract: As the coronavirus pandemic evolves, the focus of radiology departments has begun to change. The acute phase of imaging a new disease entity whilst rationalising radiology services in the face of lockdown has passed. Radiologists are now becoming familiar with the complications of COVID-19, particularly the lung parenchymal and pulmonary vascular sequelae and are considering the impact follow-up imaging may have on departments already struggling with a backlog of suspended imaging in the face of reduced capacity. This review from the British Society of Thoracic Imaging explores both the thoracic and extra-thoracic complications of COVID-19, recognising the importance of a holistic approach to patient follow-up. The British Thoracic Society guidelines for respiratory follow-up of COVID-19 will be discussed, together with newly developed reporting templates, which aim to provide consistency for clinicians as well as an opportunity for longer-term data collection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009926020304402 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.025 id: cord-290040-29mmwi6z author: Mcloughlin, B. C. title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-06-09 words: 2148.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290040-29mmwi6z.txt summary: Delirium is closely linked with adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, increased length of stay, long-term cognitive and functional decline, and risk of institutionalisation [2, 3] . We set out to describe the point-prevalence of delirium in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, and quantify its association with mortality and cognitive and physical impairments at four weeks. We conducted a point prevalence study at University College Hospital of every inpatient (including critical care) with a diagnosis of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20115188 doi: medRxiv preprint measured using a composite of the Barthel Index and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) scores [11] [12] [13] For secondary outcomes, we treated TICS-m and Barthel+NEADL scores as continuous and compared these in people with and without delirium using linear regression, adjusted by age, sex and Clinical Frailty Scale score (as a . In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, delirium was found to be prevalent -but often undetected -and was associated with poor functional outcomes. abstract: Purpose To ascertain delirium prevalence and outcomes in COVID-19. Methods We conducted a point-prevalence study in a cohort of COVID-19 inpatients at University College Hospital. Delirium was defined by DSM-IV criteria. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 4 weeks; secondary outcomes were physical and cognitive function. Results In 71 patients, 31 (42%) had delirium, of which only 19 had been recognised by the clinical team. At 4 weeks, 20 (28%) had died, 26 (36%) were interviewed by telephone and 21 (30%) remained as inpatients. Physical function was substantially worse in people after delirium (-39 points on functional scale/166, 95% CI -92 to -21, p=0.01) (Table 2). Mean cognitive scores at follow-up were similar and delirium was not associated with mortality in this sample. Conclusions Our findings indicate that delirium is common, yet under-recognised. Delirium is associated with functional impairments in the medium-term. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.07.20115188v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.07.20115188 id: cord-308010-ix0xi5jb author: Mcloughlin, Benjamin C. title: Functional and cognitive outcomes after COVID-19 delirium date: 2020-07-14 words: 2270.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308010-ix0xi5jb.txt summary: Delirium is closely linked with adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, increased length of stay, long-term cognitive and functional decline, and risk of institutionalisation [2, 3] . Early studies describing the broad neurological features of COVID-19 suggest that 20-30% of hospitalised patients will present with or develop delirium or mental status changes, increasing to 60-70% in severe cases [8] [9] [10] . We set out to describe the point prevalence of delirium in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, and quantify its association with mortality and cognitive and physical impairments at 4 weeks. We conducted a point prevalence study at University College Hospital of every inpatient (including critical care) with a diagnosis of COVID-19. For secondary outcomes, we treated TICS-m and Barthel + NEADL scores as continuous and compared these in people with and without delirium using linear regression, adjusted by age, sex and Clinical Frailty Scale score (as a continuous measure). In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, delirium was found to be prevalent-but often undetected-and was associated with poor functional outcomes. abstract: PURPOSE: To ascertain delirium prevalence and outcomes in COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a point-prevalence study in a cohort of COVID-19 inpatients at University College Hospital. Delirium was defined by DSM-IV criteria. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 4 weeks; secondary outcomes were physical and cognitive function. RESULTS: In 71 patients (mean age 61, 75% men), 31 (42%) had delirium, of which only 12 (39%) had been recognised by the clinical team. At 4 weeks, 20 (28%) had died, 26 (36%) were interviewed by telephone and 21 (30%) remained as inpatients. Physical function was substantially worse in people after delirium − 50 out of 166 points (95% CI − 83 to − 17, p = 0.01). Mean cognitive scores at follow-up were similar and delirium was not associated with mortality in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that delirium is common, yet under-recognised. Delirium is associated with functional impairments in the medium term. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s41999-020-00353-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00353-8 doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00353-8 id: cord-295274-gzkfy70s author: Mecham, Jeffrey C. title: Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID‐19 and Other Special Considerations date: 2020-05-12 words: 2901.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295274-gzkfy70s.txt summary: METHODS: We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID‐19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS‐CoV‐1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. RESULTS: Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID‐19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. One concern for healthcare professionals managing the airways of COVID-19 patients is the risk of viral exposure during aerosol-generating procedures, including intubation and tracheostomy. There is a plausible risk for increased intraprocedural viral exposure via secretions and aerosolized particles when tracheostomy is performed percutaneously because this technique requires additional manipulation of the airway with multiple, repetitive dilations. Given the severity and uncertain clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19, in addition to the increased risk of transmission to clinicians during aerosol generating procedures, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Patients who become severely ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation, making tracheostomy a likely consideration. The infectious nature of COVID‐19 poses an additional risk of transmission to healthcare workers that should be taken into consideration. METHODS: We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID‐19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS‐CoV‐1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. RESULTS: Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID‐19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. If tracheostomy is performed, we recommend a bedside approach to limit exposure time and number of exposed personnel. Bronchoscopy use with a percutaneous approach should be limited in order to decrease viral exposure. CONCLUSION: Thorough preprocedural planning, use of experienced personnel, enhanced personal protective equipment where available, and a thoughtful anesthesia approach are instrumental in maximizing positive patient outcomes while successfully protecting the safety of healthcare personnel. Laryngoscope, 2020 url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28734 doi: 10.1002/lary.28734 id: cord-302595-t6yd3znu author: Mechessa, Desalegn Feyissa title: Community’s Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Associated Factors in Mizan-Aman Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-17 words: 2970.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302595-t6yd3znu.txt summary: Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors among the community of Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. The findings of this study will help the responsible body organize the necessary interventional programs (education, demonstration) in order to provide up-to-date information to control COVID-19 disease. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mizan-Aman town to assess the community''s knowledge of COVID-19. Sex (male), age (35-54 and >55 years), marital status (single), educational status (no formal education), occupational status (farmer, student, unemployed/housewife) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19 (Table 4 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common throughout the community. They are associated with mortality, hospitalization, substantial extra costs and lower patient’s quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to assess the community’s knowledge of COVID-19 and associated factors in Mizan-Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among the community of Mizan-Aman from April 14 to May 14, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to collect data from selected households. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.0.2.101 and then exported to SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. To identify the predictors of knowledge of COVID-19, multiple backward logistic regression analysis was used. To show the accuracy of data analysis, 95% CI was used, and statistical significance was considered at p <0.05. RESULTS: From 423 sampled population, 393 (92.9%) of them responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 233 (59.3%) were male, 225 (57.3%) were 18–34 years old, and 250 (63.6%) were married. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 74.75%. More than 85% of respondents were well aware of the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, its transmission by close contact, its prevention by not going to crowded places and isolation of infected persons. Male gender (AOR=3.74, CI: 1.87–7.49), age (35–54 years) (AOR=3.81, CI: 1.35–10.70), age ≥55 (AOR=2.97, CI: 1.16–7.62), lack of formal education (AOR=6.0, CI: 1.54–23.40), farmer (AOR=8.72, CI: 2.08–35.53), daily laborer (AOR=7.57, CI: 2.28–25.15), merchant (AOR=6.34, CI: 2.06–19.43), house wife (AOR=11.59, CI: 2.91–46.23) were significantly associated with poor knowledge, whereas single marital status was less likely associated with poor knowledge of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: One-third of the study participants had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19. Male gender, age above thirty-five years, lack of formal education, being farmer, daily laborer, merchant and house wife were significantly associated with poor knowledge. Therefore, awareness creation should be given. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s263665 doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s263665 id: cord-267076-a4ulg4ck author: Mechili, Enkeleint A. title: Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Albania. date: 2020-07-13 words: 4026.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267076-a4ulg4ck.txt summary: AIM: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression among bachelor and master university students (nurses/midwives) and their family members'' during the quarantine period of COVID‐19 pandemic. Being unsatisfied with COVID‐19 prevention measures, beliefs that COVID‐19 infection and quarantine process can cause problems on their health status were the key factors for students to be screened positive for mental problems in multiple regression analysis. Therefore, given, the psychological burden caused by similar emergencies in the past, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression of students (nursing and midwifery) and their family members'' during the quarantine period. Both students and family members who considered that quarantine itself and COVID-19 can cause problems on their health were more likely to be have high levels of depression. This is the first study to measure the depression levels of nursing/midwifery students and their family members in Albania during the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine period. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of quarantine method has a significant impact on mental health status. AIM: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression among bachelor and master university students (nurses/midwives) and their family members’ during the quarantine period of COVID‐19 pandemic. METHOD: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Vlora University, Albania. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) was used. Institutional e‐mails of all active students were used for their recruitment. RESULTS: In total, 863 students and 249 family members participated in the study. The mean PHQ‐9 score was 6.220 (SD=5.803) and 6.280 (SD=5.857) for students and family members, respectively. Being unsatisfied with COVID‐19 prevention measures, beliefs that COVID‐19 infection and quarantine process can cause problems on their health status were the key factors for students to be screened positive for mental problems in multiple regression analysis. For parents, the last two factors were found to contribute significantly. DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that quarantine measures have a significant impact on the levels of depression among both university students and their family members. Broader population studies are necessary to safeguard these results. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Provision of mental health services during the quarantine period is of paramount significance. Mental health first aid trainingand support could benefit both students and their parents significantly. Additionally, follow up services after the end of quarantine are recommended. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12672 doi: 10.1111/jpm.12672 id: cord-316376-76beuk0c author: Medeiros, Augusto Kreling title: Higher frequency of hepatic steatosis at CT among COVID-19-positive patients date: 2020-07-18 words: 4128.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316376-76beuk0c.txt summary: With the crescent role of chest CT in the management of COVID-19 (as imaging manifestations are extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis, in some cases even preceding a false-negative RT-PCR test result) [10] , it is quite feasible to assess the liver parenchyma in the slices obtained at the thoracoabdominal junction in these patients, and radiologists are at a key position, therefore, to evaluate the organ for the presence of steatosis according to noninvasive diagnostic criteria. However, as there is evidence that an early false-negative RT-PCR may occur in infected patients already showing CT manifestations of the disease (i.e., a positive CT) [10] , to assure the criteria of negativity of the control group, we additionally checked all chest CT images of these individuals; those displaying CT findings within typical, atypical or indeterminate categories (according to the proposed reporting language for CT findings related to COVID-19 by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) [11] ) were excluded, remaining only those who were considered ''''negative''''. abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated that obesity is significantly associated with increased disease severity, hospitalizations and mortality in COVID-19, with a potential role in the pathogenesis and prevalence in the new pandemic. The association with hepatic steatosis, however, a condition closely related to obesity within the spectrum of systemic metabolic dysfunctions, remains to be elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of hepatic steatosis as incidentally detected in chest CT examinations of COVID-19 positive patients in comparison to non-infected controls. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed with 316 patients (204 RT-PCR positive; 112 RT-PCR negative and chest CT negative). Steatosis was measured with placement of a single ROI in the right lobe of the liver (segments VI-VII) and defined as a liver attenuation value ≤ 40 HU. RESULTS: The frequency of hepatic steatosis was higher in the RT-PCR positive group in comparison to controls (31.9% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). Logistic linear regression analysis showed a 4.7 times odds of steatosis in the COVID-19 positive group as compared to controls after adjusting for age and sex (OR 4.698; 95% IC 2.12–10.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A significantly higher prevalence of steatosis was found among COVID-19 positive individuals. These findings are in accordance with other recent studies linking obesity and COVID-19 infection, as there is an intricate relationship between liver steatosis, metabolic syndrome and obesity. Further studies are required to confirm if such association remains after accounting for multiple variables, as well as possible relationships with disease severity and worst clinical outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02648-7 doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02648-7 id: cord-034435-yp0gfl47 author: Medetalibeyoglu, A. title: Older Adults Hospitalized with Covid-19: Clinical Characteristics and Early Outcomes from a Single Center in Istanbul, Turkey date: 2020-10-08 words: 4764.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034435-yp0gfl47.txt summary: We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. The Data are given as median (interquartile range) for the continuous variables and as counts (%) for the categorical variables; The cut-offs of the laboratory parameters were designated by † the local laboratory thresholds and ‡ the suggestion of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 issued by the Turkish National Scientific Committee directed by the Turkish Ministry of Health (17); Admission laboratory studies were selected to be included here based on their relevance to the characterization of Covid-19 patients (5); CT: computerized tomography, ProBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, TnT: high sensitive troponin T; *statistically significant median age for older adults (≥65 years) was 73 years (IQR, 68-81 range, 65-90). abstract: OBJECTIVE: Older adults have been continuously reported to be at higher risk for adverse outcomes of Covid-19. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and early outcomes of the older Covid-19 patients hospitalized in our center comparatively with the younger patients, and also to analyze the triage factors that were related to the in-hospital mortality of older adults. DESIGN: Retrospective; observational study. SETTING: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine hospital, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: 362 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from March 11 to May 11, 2020. MEASUREMENTS: The demographic information; associated comorbidities; presenting clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics on admission and outcomes from the electronic medical records were analyzed comparatively between the younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of the older adults were analyzed by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The median age was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR], 46–67), and 224 (61.9%) were male. There were 104 (28.7%) patients ≥65 years of age. More than half of the patients (58%) had one or more chronic comorbidity. The three most common presenting symptoms in the older patients were fatigue/myalgia (89.4%), dry cough (72.1%), and fever (63.5%). Cough and fever were significantly less prevalent in older adults compared to younger patients (p=0.001 and 0.008, respectively). Clinically severe pneumonia was present in 31.5% of the study population being more common in older adults (49% vs. 24.4%) (p<0.001). The laboratory parameters that were significantly different between the older and younger adults were as follows: the older patients had significantly higher CRP, D-dimer, TnT, pro-BNP, procalcitonin levels, higher prevalence of lymphopenia, neutrophilia, increased creatinine, and lower hemoglobin, ALT, albumin level (p<0.05). In the radiological evaluation, more than half of the patients (54.6%) had moderate-severe pneumonia, which was more prevalent in older patients (66% vs. 50%) (p=0.006). The adverse outcomes were significantly more prevalent in older adults compared to the younger patients (ICU admission, 28.8% vs. 8.9%; mortality, 23.1% vs. 4.3%, p<0.001). Among the triage evaluation parameters, the only factor associated with higher mortality was the presence of clinically severe pneumonia on admission (Odds Ratio=12.3, 95% confidence interval=2.7–55.5, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Older patients presented with more prevalent chronic comorbidities, less prevalent symptomatology but more severe respiratory signs and laboratory abnormalities than the younger patients. Among the triage assessment factors, the clinical evaluation of pulmonary involvement came in front to help clinicians to stratify the patients for mortality risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597420/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1499-9 id: cord-306214-2wjv6aeb author: Medjeral-Thomas, Nicholas R. title: Cohort study of outpatient hemodialysis management strategies for COVID-19 in North-West London date: 2020-08-25 words: 2784.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306214-2wjv6aeb.txt summary: We analysed associations between features at diagnosis and the first 3 consecutive haemodialysis sessions in patients who required future hospital admission, and those who had died at 28 days. Of the 85 patients who received outpatient haemodialysis on IsolHD immediately following COVID-19 diagnosis (IsolHD-first cohort, Figure 1 ), 29 patients (34%) were admitted after median 3 dialysis sessions (IQR 2-4) over 9 days (IQR 5-12 days). Characteristics at the first haemodialysis session following COVID-19 diagnosis (HD1) were associated with hospital admission and death at 28 days (Table 1 ). Unlike other clinical observations, pre and post dialysis SaO 2 decreased over the first 3 dialysis sessions in the future hospital admission and death by 28 days cohorts (Table 3) . Consequently, the differences in SaO2 between clinical outcome cohorts was greatest at the third haemodialysis session (HD3) post COVID-19 diagnosis; SaO 2 were 5% and 6% lower in the ''future admission'' and ''death by 28 days'' cohorts respectively ( Figure 3 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Dialysis patients are at risk of severe COVID-19. We managed COVID-19 haemodialysis outpatients in dedicated satellite dialysis units. This provided rare opportunity to study early disease progress in community-based patients. We aimed to (1) understand COVID-19 progression, (2) identify markers of future clinical severity and (3) assess associations between dialysis management strategies and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of all outpatients managed at a COVID-19 haemodialysis unit. We analysed data recorded as part of providing COVID-19 clinical care. We analysed associations between features at diagnosis and the first 3 consecutive haemodialysis sessions in patients who required future hospital admission, and those who had died at 28 days. RESULTS: Isolated outpatient haemodialysis was provided to 106 patients over 8 weeks. No patients received antiviral medication or hydroxychloroquine. 21 patients (20%) were admitted at COVID-19 diagnosis. 29 of 85 patients (34%) were admitted after initial outpatient management. 16 patients (15%) died. By multivariate analysis, non-active transplant list status, use of institutional transport, and increased white cell count associated with future hospitalisation and increased age associated with death. Oxygen saturations progressively decreased over the first 3 dialysis sessions in the cohorts who progressed to future hospital admission or death. Mean ultrafiltration volume of the first three haemodialysis sessions was reduced in the same cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient haemodialysis in patients with COVID-19 is safe for patients and staff. Features at the first 3 dialysis sessions can identify individuals at risk of future hospitalisation and death from COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468024920315011 doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.022 id: cord-316842-mnt12ot2 author: Medline, MPH title: Evaluating the Efficacy of Stay-At-Home Orders: Does Timing Matter? date: 2020-06-03 words: 2754.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316842-mnt12ot2.txt summary: RESULTS: For US states and countries, a larger number of days between the first reported case and stay-at-home mandates was associated with a longer time to reach the peak daily case and death counts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential beneficial effect of earlier stay-at-home mandates, by shortening the time to peak case and death counts for US states and countries. Specific terms used in our online searches included ''date of stay-at-home orders 2020,'' ''non-pharmaceutical interventions COVID-19,'' and ''stay-at-home mandates.'' We conducted a search for each respective country and US state analyzed in the study. For both our country and US state-level-data, a larger number of days between the first reported case and the stay-at-home mandate was associated with a longer time to reach both the peak of daily cases and deaths for each respective region (Tables 1a and 1b is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: BACKGROUND: The many economic, psychological, and social consequences of pandemics and social distancing measures create an urgent need to determine the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), and especially those considered most stringent, such as stay-at-home and self-isolation mandates. This study focuses specifically on the efficacy of stay-at-home orders, both nationally and internationally, in the control of COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted an observational analysis from April to May 2020 and included countries and US states with known stay-at-home orders. Our primary exposure was the time between the date of the first reported case of COVID-19 to an implemented stay-at-home mandate for each region. Our primary outcomes were the time from the first reported case to the highest number of daily cases and daily deaths. We conducted simple linear regression analyses, controlling for the case rate of the outbreak. RESULTS: For US states and countries, a larger number of days between the first reported case and stay-at-home mandates was associated with a longer time to reach the peak daily case and death counts. The largest effect was among regions classified as the latest 10% to implement a mandate, which in the US, predicted an extra 35.3 days to the peak number of cases (95 % CI: 18.2, 52.5), and 38.3 days to the peak number of deaths (95 % CI: 23.6, 53.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the potential beneficial effect of earlier stay-at-home mandates, by shortening the time to peak case and death counts for US states and countries. Regions in which mandates were implemented late experienced a prolonged duration to reaching both peak daily case and death counts. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.30.20117853v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117853 id: cord-335676-7ak53hto author: Meftahi, Gholam Hossein title: The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID-19 infection: the contribution of “inflame-aging” date: 2020-06-11 words: 8208.0 sentences: 435.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335676-7ak53hto.txt summary: It seems that "cytokine storm" phenomenon in elderly patients with severe COVID-19 infection, is associated with many age-related pathophysiologic processes, including alteration of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression [9] , excess ROS production [10] , alteration of autophagy [11] , the inflammatory phenotype of senescent cell activity, particularly adipose tissue [12] , and immune-senescence [13] , as well as lack of vitamin D content [14] . As shown in Fig. 2 , several factors, including alteration of ACE2 receptor expression, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, senescent adipocytes activity, alteration of autophagy and mitophagy, immune-senescent, as well as vitamin D (VD) deficiency, may associate "inflame-aging" to cytokine storm in elderly patients of COVID-19. Furthermore, the lack of VD in aged subjects is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells, leading to likely increasing the risk of elderly adults with chronic mild inflammation condition [122] . abstract: PURPOSE: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by “inflamm-aging”. It is highly likely that “inflamm-aging” is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed. RESULTS: The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of “inflamm-aging”, mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8 doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8 id: cord-336549-xjrrw0wr author: Megahed, Naglaa A. title: Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 4803.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336549-xjrrw0wr.txt summary: This study encourages the search for suitable design ideas, trends, and planning theories to provide the required protection from virus attacks and continue to add more layers in the defense system of our built environment. Architects, planners, and built environment professionals are keen to examine many social and spatial implications to generate new patterns and configurations of use (Paital, 2020; Salama, 2020 problems and challenges in all building types and urban spaces as illustrated in Figure 1 . Although the situation is still unfolding, the COVID-19 pandemic has already highlighted the importance of certain design concepts and reassessed fundamental assumptions in urban and architecture approaches. The right design and planning strategies now could help to position our built environment in the post-pandemic era. We could more effectively use healthy design and planning strategies to face pandemics and create a less pullulated, more sustainable architecture, and urbanism in general. abstract: Before developing medications for an epidemic, one solution is to go back to the physical and built environment to reduce its impact. Epidemics have transformed our built environment because of the fear of infection. Consequently, architecture and urbanism after the Covid-19 epidemic will never be the same. Although the current global epidemic poses a challenge at all levels in the built environment, it will take time to develop an antivirus-enabled paradigm to reduce the potential risks or stop the virus from spreading. This study imagines what the antivirus-built environment looks like based on the lessons learned and the importance of designing a healthy and sustainable built environment. Many unanswered questions require further multidisciplinary studies. We aim to search for answers and learn from this forced experiment to add additional security layers to overcome future virus-like attacks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834930/ doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350 id: cord-258484-jwgtjisx author: Mehrabi, Sara title: Pitfalls of Computed Tomography in the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Era: A New Perspective on Ground-Glass Opacities date: 2020-05-16 words: 2983.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258484-jwgtjisx.txt summary: Aim To study ground-glass opacities (GGO) not only from the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia" perspective but also as a radiological presentation of other pathologies with comparable features. In the presence of typical imaging features (e.g. GGO and consolidation), the radiologist should focus on the pandemic and manage a suspect patient as COVID-19 positive until proven to be negative. Even if chest CT can detect lung anomalies before symptom onset, the findings follow a temporal pattern and are consistent with clinicopathological development: the first and most common feature is ground-glass opacity (GGO), which represents early alveolar damage, with bilateral subpleural distribution in the lower lobes; then, areas of consolidation appear and tend to coalesce on the underlying GGOs. Later, in this background, the "crazy paving" pattern can be seen, with thickened interlobular septa and intralobular lines. COVID-19 pneumonia was suspected because of the CT report and clinical presentation so an RT-PCR assay by nasopharyngeal swab was performed; interestingly, the virus was not detected in any patient. abstract: Aim To study ground-glass opacities (GGO) not only from the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia” perspective but also as a radiological presentation of other pathologies with comparable features. Methods We enrolled 33 patients admitted to Policlinico Universitario G. B. Rossi who underwent non-contrast-enhanced (NCE) or contrast-enhanced (CE) chest computed tomography (CT) between March 12 and April 12. All patients with CT-detected ground-glass opacity (GGO) were included. All patients resulted as COVID-19 negative at the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. We studied the different pathologies underlying GGO features: neoplastic diseases and non-neoplastic diseases (viral pneumonias, interstitial pneumonias, and cardiopulmonary diseases) in order to avoid pitfalls and to reach the correct diagnosis. Results All CT scans detected GGOs. Symptomatic patients were 25/33 (75.7%). At the clinical presentation, they reported fever and dry cough; in six out of 25 cases, dyspnea was also reported (24%). Thirty-three (33; 100%) showed GGO at CT: 15/33 (45.45%) presented pure GGO, and 18/33 (54.54%) showed GGO with consolidation. The RT-PCR assay was negative in 100%. We investigated other potential underlying diseases to explain imaging features: neoplastic causes (8/33, 24.24%) and non-neoplastic causes, in particular, infectious pneumonias (16/33, 48,48 %, viral and fungal), interstitial pneumonias (4/33, 12,12%), and cardio-pulmonary disease (5/33, 15,15%). Conclusions GGO remains a diagnostic challenge. Although CT represents a fundamental diagnostic tool because of its sensitivity, it still needs to be integrated with clinical data to achieve the best clinical management. In the presence of typical imaging features (e.g. GGO and consolidation), the radiologist should focus on the pandemic and manage a suspect patient as COVID-19 positive until proven to be negative. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550070/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8151 id: cord-354337-a70avg2x author: Mehraeen, Esmaeil title: A systematic review of ECG findings in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-13 words: 3150.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354337-a70avg2x.txt summary: In the non-drug-induced group, ST-T abnormalities, notably ST elevation, accounted for the most observed ECG finding in the patients with COVID-19, but their relation with myocardial injuries was under dispute. Some proposed medications, most notably chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin, have shown an increased risk of ECG changes in the settings of past diseases, specifically QTc interval prolongations (12) (13) (14) (15) . In this systematic review, we aimed to provide the researchers and clinicians with an update on the diverse patterns observed in the ECG of patients with COVID-19. The other four studies administered both monotherapy (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) and combination treatmentfor COVID-19 patients and confirmed that combination therapy is associated with a higher risk of QTc interval prolongation compared with monotherapy (18) (19) (20) (21) . In a similar case series study, Bessiere and colleagues (21) reported a broader difference in the two groups'' ECG outcomes, indicating 5% and 33% of patients developing QT prolongation in the monotherapy group and combination therapy, respectively. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the epidemic of COVID-19 attractedthe attention, reports were surrounding electrocardiographic changes in the infected individuals. We aimed at pinpointing different observed ECG findings and discussing their clinical significance. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. We included eligible original papers, reports, letters to the editors, and case reports published from December 2019 to May 10, 2020. RESULTS: The team identified 20 articles related to this topic. We divided them into articles discussing drug-induced and non-drug-induced changes. Studies reported an increased risk of QTc interval prolongations influenced by different therapies based on chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin. Although these medications increased risks of severe QTc prolongations, they induced no arrhythmia-related deaths. In the non-drug-induced group, ST-T abnormalities, notably ST elevation, accounted for the most observed ECG finding in the patients with COVID-19, but their relation with myocardial injuries was under dispute. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that identifying ECG patterns that might be related to COVID-19 is vital. Provided that physicians do not recognize these patterns, they might erroneously risk the lives of their patients. Furthermore, important drug-induced ECG changes provide awareness to the health-care workers on the risks of possible therapies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001948322030273X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.007 id: cord-260322-b2493coe author: Mehring, William M. title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool date: 2020-06-15 words: 688.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260322-b2493coe.txt summary: title: Initial Experience with a COVID-19 Web-Based Patient Self-assessment Tool As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, patients experiencing symptoms potentially attributable to the disease require timely assessment. Automated assessment tools-such as digital self-assessment applications-offer a potential strategy for providing guidance to patients without requiring direct attention from healthcare professionals. [2] [3] [4] Our team recently developed a web-based COVID-19 selfassessment tool, available in English and Spanish, offering guidance for patients experiencing potential COVID-19 symptoms. A total of 276,560 assessments were completed, and users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19 69.6% of the time. Of those with mild symptoms, 7.1% reported direct exposure to someone with confirmed COVID-19; for these users, our tool recommends consideration of telephone consultation with a healthcare professional to determine the need for testing. In our analysis of almost 300,000 digital self-assessments from our COVID-19 self-assessment tool, 69.6% of users reported symptoms potentially attributable to COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05893-0 id: cord-305183-6ixjbbek author: Mehrotra, S. title: A Model for Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 words: 4914.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305183-6ixjbbek.txt summary: This paper presents a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of ventilators'' shortfall in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the US. In this section, we present a multi-period planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions based on their needs to treat the patients at the critical level. More precisely, we considered four different cases to generate random samples for the number of ventilators that is needed to care for COVID-19 patients. abstract: This paper presents a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory from a central agency is to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk-averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non-COVID-19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20,000 ventilators (as of 03/23/2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non-COVID-19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In an extreme case, where the demand is assumed to be concentrated in the top-most quartile of the forecast confidence interval, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (till 05/31/20) is about 28,500 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 2,700 ventilators on 04/12/20. The results also suggest that in the worse-than-average to severe demand scenario cases, NY requires between 7,600-9,200 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. However, between 400 to 2,000 of these ventilators can be given to a different state after the peak demand in NY has subsided. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20051078 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20051078 id: cord-025886-259357pg author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A model of supply‐chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-02 words: 6800.0 sentences: 382.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025886-259357pg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025886-259357pg.txt summary: Going forward, the federal response to the COVID-19 pandemic will require centralized decision-making around how to equitably allocate, and reallocate, limited supplies of ventilators to states in need. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. Section 4 presents our computational results under different mechanical ventilator demand scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In this section, we present a multiperiod planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. The results in Table 4 indicate that in Cases VI (severe) and V (extreme), the State of New York requires between 11 100 and 17 500 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Overall, the model developed in this paper can be used as a planning tool/framework by state and federal agencies in acquiring and allocating ventilators to meet national demand. abstract: We present a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory for a central agency are to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk‐averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID‐19 pandemic by FEMA to different U.S. states. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non‐COVID‐19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20 000 ventilators (as of March 23, 2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs in slightly above average demand scenarios. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non‐COVID‐19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In a severe case, where the demand is concentrated in the top‐most quartile of the forecast confidence interval and states are not willing to share their stockpile of ventilators, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (until May 31, 2020) is about 232 000 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 17 200 ventilators on April 19, 2020. Results are also reported for a worst‐case where the demand is at the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval. An important finding of this study is that a central agency (FEMA) can act as a coordinator for sharing critical resources that are in short supply over time to add efficiency in the system. Moreover, through properly managing risk‐aversion of different entities (states) additional efficiency can be gained. An additional implication is that ramping up production early in the planning cycle allows to reduce shortfall significantly. An optimal timing of this production ramp‐up consideration can be based on a cost‐benefit analysis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267382/ doi: 10.1002/nav.21905 id: cord-175085-nmuxnf7k author: Mehrotra, Sanjay title: A Model of Supply-Chain Decisions for Resource Sharing with an Application to Ventilator Allocation to Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 words: 4538.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-175085-nmuxnf7k.txt summary: The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. The results also suggest that in the worse-than-average to severe demand scenario cases, NY requires between 7,600-9,200 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. Importantly, computational results from the model also provide estimates of the shortfall of ventilators in each state under different future demand scenarios. In this section, we present a multi-period planning model to allocate ventilators to different regions, based on their needs, for the treatment of critical patients. More precisely, we considered four different cases to generate random samples for the number of ventilators needed to care for COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the developed model is applicable to the current COVID-19 pandemic, where many US states are in dire need of mechanical ventilators to provide life-support to severely-and critically-ill patients. abstract: This paper presents a stochastic optimization model for allocating and sharing a critical resource in the case of a pandemic. The demand for different entities peaks at different times, and an initial inventory from a central agency is to be allocated. The entities (states) may share the critical resource with a different state under a risk-averse condition. The model is applied to study the allocation of ventilator inventory in the COVID-19 pandemic by the Federal Emergency Management Agency of the US Department of Homeland Security (FEMA) to different states in the US. Findings suggest that if less than 60% of the ventilator inventory is available for non-COVID-19 patients, FEMA's stockpile of 20,000 ventilators (as of 03/23/2020) would be nearly adequate to meet the projected needs. However, when more than 75% of the available ventilator inventory must be reserved for non-COVID-19 patients, various degrees of shortfall are expected. In an extreme case, where the demand is assumed to be concentrated in the top-most quartile of the forecast confidence interval, the total shortfall over the planning horizon (till 05/31/20) is about 28,500 ventilator days, with a peak shortfall of 2,700 ventilators on 04/12/20. The results also suggest that in the worse-than-average to severe demand scenario cases, NY requires between 7,600-9,200 additional ventilators for COVID-19 patients during its peak demand. However, between 400 to 2,000 of these ventilators can be given to a different state after the peak demand in NY has subsided. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.01318v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-308808-9nol6rb4 author: Mehrpour, Omid title: Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 583.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308808-9nol6rb4.txt summary: Methyl alcohol toxicity in Iran related to the new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has attracted the attention of the medical professionals. Just a few days after the widespread coronavirus outbreak, unfounded rumors circulated on social media that drinking or gargling alcohol could prevent or cure COVID-19. As of April 20, 2020, at the time of writing this letter, 700 people have died as a result of ingesting denatured alcohol in an attempt to fight the novel coronavirus. False information and rumors about substances that can supposedly cure or prevent COVID-19 can be just as dangerous and harmful as the virus itself. It is of crucial importance that, while fighting the deadly novel coronavirus, we expose misinformation and false rumors in order to protect people and prevent more damage to their health and to the ability of hospitals to function effectively. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02795-2 doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02795-2 id: cord-336217-t4wm1k52 author: Mehta, Bella title: Geographical variations in COVID-19 Perceptions and Patient Management: A National Survey of Rheumatologists date: 2020-07-06 words: 2892.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336217-t4wm1k52.txt summary: 48% of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement "Patients with rheumatic diseases are at a higher risk of COVID-19 irrespective of their immunosuppressive medications". CONCLUSION : In this national sample of rheumatologists, there are variations regarding perceptions of patients'' risk of COVID-19, and how to manage medications such as NSAIDs, biologics and steroids during the pandemic. CONCLUSION : In this national sample of rheumatologists, there are variations regarding perceptions of patients'' risk of COVID-19, and how to manage medications such as NSAIDs, biologics and steroids during the pandemic. When rheumatologists were asked if they think their patients had discontinued or reduced (without or against their medical advice) at least one immunosuppressive medication to mitigate their risk for COVID-19, 13% responded that more than a quarter of their rheumatic disease patients may have and numerically more rheumatologists in the NE and Southern states reported a higher frequency of this (NE:15%, MW:6%, S:16%, W:10%). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perceptions and behaviors of rheumatologists in the United States (US) regarding the risk of COVID-19 for their autoimmune patients and the subsequent management of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory medications. METHODS: We administered an online survey to a convenience sample of rheumatologists in the US from 4/8/20-5/4/20 via social media and group emails. Survey respondents provided demographic information such as, age, gender, state of practice, and practice type. We asked questions about COVID-19 risk in rheumatic patients, as well as their medication management during the pandemic. We conducted descriptive analysis and Multivariable regression models. RESULTS: 271 respondents completed the survey nationally. 48% of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “Patients with rheumatic diseases are at a higher risk of COVID-19 irrespective of their immunosuppressive medications”. 50% disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement “The pandemic has led you to reduce the use/dosage/frequency of biologics”, while 56% agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “The pandemic has led you to reduce the use/dosage/frequency of steroids”. A third of respondents indicated that at least 10% of their patients had self-discontinued or reduced at least one immunosuppressive medication to mitigate their risk of COVID-19. Responses to these questions as well as to questions regarding NSAID prescription patterns were significantly different in the Northeast region of US compared to other regions. CONCLUSION: In this national sample of rheumatologists, there are variations regarding perceptions of patients’ risk of COVID-19, and how to manage medications such as NSAIDs, biologics and steroids during the pandemic. These variations are more pronounced in geographical areas where COVID-19 disease burden was high. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049017220301967 doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.06.017 id: cord-030254-eevqclsy author: Mehta, Chitra title: Management of Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-04-24 words: 4032.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030254-eevqclsy.txt summary: A suspected case has been defined as a patient with acute onset respiratory infection with fever, cough, sore throat, and an epidemiological link in the form of a history of travel 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms to countries afflicted with COVID-19, or a close contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19 14 days prior to symptom onset, or some acute respiratory infection requiring hospitalization with no other etiology fully explaining the clinical presentation, as per WHO guidelines. • In patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring supplemental oxygen, lopinavir/ritonavir combination plus hydroxychloroquine plus favipiravir 1,600 mg (eight tablets) twice daily as a loading dose followed by 600 mg (three tablets) every 8 hours for 14 days is being used. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 disease is suspected. abstract: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease is the most recent global public health problem. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus 2), which is a RNA virus with a high mutation rate, belonging to the genus Coronavirus . The objective of this communication is to provide an initial understanding regarding pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, and prevention of this devastating disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7416204/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710401 id: cord-324809-16zvqizl author: Mehta, Neil title: Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-08 words: 4802.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324809-16zvqizl.txt summary: Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to have a long-lasting impact on the approach to care for patients at risk for and with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the risks from potential exposure and resource reallocation. Existing HCC risk stratification models should be utilized to prioritize imaging resources to those patients at highest risk of incident HCC and recurrence following therapy though surveillance can likely continue as before in settings where COVID-19 prevalence is low and adequate protections are in place. COVID-related risks may be especially relevant in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for whom management often involves multiple interactions with the healthcare system (e.g. phlebotomy, radiological imaging, clinic visits, and HCC-directed treatments) but who may be more susceptible to severe COVID-related complications. Regional COVID-19 exposure risk may impact choice of systemic therapy in advanced HCC based upon availability of local resources (e.g. infusion center, endoscopy, clinical trials) and risk of regimen-specific toxicities (e.g. immune-related adverse events which may require high doses of corticosteroids). abstract: Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to have a long-lasting impact on the approach to care for patients at risk for and with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the risks from potential exposure and resource reallocation. The goal of this document is to provide recommendations on HCC surveillance and monitoring, including strategies to limit unnecessary exposure while continuing to provide high-quality care for patients. Publications and guidelines pertaining to the management of HCC during COVID-19 were reviewed for recommendations related to surveillance and monitoring practices, and any available guidance was referenced to support the authors’ recommendations when applicable. Existing HCC risk stratification models should be utilized to prioritize imaging resources to those patients at highest risk of incident HCC and recurrence following therapy though surveillance can likely continue as before in settings where COVID-19 prevalence is low and adequate protections are in place. Waitlisted patients who will benefit from urgent LT should be prioritized for surveillance whereas it would be reasonable to extend surveillance interval by a short period in HCC patients with lower risk tumor features and those more than 2 years since their last treatment. For patients eligible for systemic therapy, the treatment regimen should be dictated by the risk of COVID-19 associated with route of administration, monitoring and treatment of adverse events, within the context of relative treatment efficacy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542356520309381?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.072 id: cord-310779-4puiao40 author: Mehta, Pooja title: Telehealth and Nutrition Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 words: 2357.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310779-4puiao40.txt summary: After doing so, we measured the effects of type of education (in-person versus telehealth) 89 on patient gluten-free diet knowledge, health-related quality of life, and diet adherence at their 90 first follow-up visit post the diagnosis of celiac disease. Thus it is not surprising that slow 111 internet connection and poor connection to wireless networks negatively impacts communication 112 between health care providers and patients during telehealth visits. 35 Under our current extraordinary circumstances, the federal government is also 129 making telehealth even easier by allowing covered health care providers subject to HIPAA Rules 130 to communicate with patients in ways that may not fully comply with the requirements of 131 In times of natural disasters, successful responses and preparedness has been associated 161 with ensuring that structures such as people, equipment, systems, administrators, and legal 162 organizations are already in place to respond effectively. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32792328/ doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.013 id: cord-351407-7vx9lzi0 author: Mehta, Puja title: JAK inhibitors in COVID-19: need for vigilance regarding increased inherent thrombotic risk date: 2020-07-06 words: 1249.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351407-7vx9lzi0.txt summary: recently reported a cohort study of 137 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which retrospective review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans demonstrated a cumulative incidence of pulmonary emboli (PE) of 24% overall and 50% in intensive care [2]. We recommend vigilance to the potentially increased thrombotic risk associated with JAKi, given the hypercoagulability of COVID-19 and our recent thromboprophylaxis recommendations for all hospitalised patients with COVID-19 [7]. Bompard et al recently reported a cohort study of 137 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which retrospective review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans demonstrated a cumulative incidence of pulmonary emboli (PE) of 24% overall and 50% in intensive care 2 . Impact of Janus kinase inhibitors on risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials abstract: There is accumulating evidence that COVID-19 is a hypercoagulable state. Reports of thrombotic events and autopsy findings of pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy [1] in patients with COVID-19 are rising. Bompard et al. recently reported a cohort study of 137 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which retrospective review of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans demonstrated a cumulative incidence of pulmonary emboli (PE) of 24% overall and 50% in intensive care [2]. Although it was initially thought that insidious venous thromboembolic events (VTE) were mainly confined to ventilated patients [3], we now understand thrombotic risk to be a wider problem in COVID-19. An overexuberant host inflammatory response, in selected patients with severe COVID-19, may contribute to the high mortality. We recently recommended screening for virally-driven hyperinflammation in COVID-19 and proposed that immunomodulation in this subgroup of patients, may improve outcomes [4]. There are several ongoing, randomised controlled trials evaluating the therapeutic potential of Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in severe COVID-19 (table 1). JAKi have a purported advantage over other immunomodulatory strategies in COVID-19, as they may exert dual anti-inflammatory (blockade of multiple, pro-inflammatory cytokines simultaneously) and anti-viral effects (impeding cellular viral endocytosis [5, 6]) and have convenient oral administration, with relatively short half-lives. JAKi may interrupt the signalling of several pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperinflammation, including interleukin (IL)-6, which has been the focus of several clinical trials in COVID-19. JAKi may also inhibit the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the AT2 alveolar epithelial cells; baricitinib (a JAK1/2 inhibitor), is a numb-associated kinase (NAK) inhibitor, with a particularly high affinity for AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), a pivotal regulator of clathrin-mediated viral endocytosis [5]. We recommend vigilance to the potentially increased thrombotic risk associated with JAKi, given the hypercoagulability of COVID-19 and our recent thromboprophylaxis recommendations for all hospitalised patients with COVID-19 [7]. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01919-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01919-2020 id: cord-326468-xcy7v1tf author: Mehta, R. M. title: A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis date: 2020-11-10 words: 3696.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326468-xcy7v1tf.txt summary: title: A shorter symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval is associated with a lower mortality in moderate-to-severe COVID-19: A real-world analysis The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing of remdesivir initiation (symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment [SORT] interval) on in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment (SORT) interval on clinical outcomes in the subsets of moderate-to-severe COVID-19. This study primarily evaluated the association between SORT interval and clinical outcomes in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and other relevant clinical endpoints, such as overall all-cause mortality, LOHS, and safety in remdesivir-treated patients. The importance of early remdesivir initiation (SORT interval ≤9 days) in our study with a clear outcome benefit indicates an impact of the medication even with steroids and ancillary therapies in moderate-to-severe COVID-19. abstract: Background: Remdesivir is the current recommended anti-viral treatment in moderate-to-severe COVID-19. However, data on several aspects of its use such as impact of timing of therapy, efficacy, and safety in this severity category are limited. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing of remdesivir initiation (symptom-onset to remdesivir treatment [SORT] interval) on in-hospital all-cause mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between June 25, 2020 and October 3, 2020, at a tertiary care dedicated COVID center in India. Consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (moderate: SpO2 <94%; severe: SpO2 <90%) were included. Data were collected from the health records of the hospital. Remdesivir was administered along with other standard medications as per protocol. The main outcome was the impact of SORT interval on in-hospital all-cause mortality. Subgroups were formed based on SORT interval. Other measures analyzed included overall in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and safety. Results: Of 350 patients treated with remdesivir, 346 were included for the final analysis (males: 270 [78.0%]; median [range] age: 60 [24-94] years). Overall, 243 (70.2%) patients had [≥]1 comorbidity; 109 (31.5%) patients had moderate disease, 237 (68.5%) had severe disease, and 50 (14.5%) patients required mechanical ventilation. Of the 346 patients, 76 (22.0%) patients died (moderate: 3 [2.8%], severe: 73 [30.8%]). In the subset of mechanically ventilated patients, 43 (86.0%) died. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with SORT interval [≤]9 days (n = 260) compared with those with SORT interval >9 days (n = 86; 18.1% vs 33.7%; P = .004). The odds of death were significantly lower in patients with SORT interval [≤]9 days vs >9 days (odds ratio = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.76; P = .004). Adverse events (transaminitis [≥]5 times upper limit of normal or estimated glomerular filtration rate <30ml/min) leading to drug discontinuation were seen in 4 (1.1%) patients. Conclusion: In this large series of moderate-to-severe COVID-19, initiation of remdesivir [≤]9 days from symptom-onset was associated with a significant mortality benefit. These findings indicate a treatment window and reinforce the need for earlier remdesivir initiation in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.05.20226373 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226373 id: cord-335117-p03svmfr author: Mehtar, Shaheen title: Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries date: 2020-04-28 words: 1703.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt summary: Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa : one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries On March 11, 2020, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by WHO, there were comparatively few cases reported from Africa. Furthermore, the effect of ongoing lockdowns (eg, partial in Senegal and Democratic Republic of the Congo vs total in South Africa) and case-finding mitigation strategies will depend on each country''s political leadership, socioeconomic realities, and epidemic stage. Early evidence of flattening the epidemic curve through a proactive, 30-day total lockdown and physical distancing is being documented in South Africa. However, before physical distancing measures can be eased, it is crucial to have in place a robust and functioning public health infrastructure to scale up case finding through testing, isolation, and contact tracing to ultimately interrupt coronavirus transmission. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214109X20302126 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30212-6 id: cord-260525-bohv78hi author: Mei, Yang title: Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza date: 2020-07-31 words: 4168.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260525-bohv78hi.txt summary: We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin. Overall, our study reveals significant differences in the laboratory parameters between the hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza patients. Compared to influenza patients, the most significant differences over the course of 14 days of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients were worsening anemia, worsening leukocytosis, and an increase in D-dimer, BUN, and ALT. Instead of comparing clinical endpoints to evaluate risks as performed in most of the published studies, we stratified the hospitalized COVID-19 patients through clustering of their laboratory results that were most significantly different from influenza patients (i.e. complete blood count, D-dimer, BUN, and ALT) during the first 14 days of hospitalization. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 overlaps with the flu season. METHODS: We compared clinical and laboratory results from 719 influenza and 973 COVID-19 patients from January to April 2020. We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients. FINDINGS: Compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited a continued increase in white blood cell count, rapid decline of hemoglobin, more rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer, and higher level of alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. COVID-19 patients were sub-classified into 5 clusters through a hierarchical clustering analysis. Medical records were reviewed and patients were risk stratified based on the clinical outcomes. The cluster with the highest risk showed 27·8% fatality, 94% ICU admission, 94% intubation, and 28% discharge rates compared to 0%, 38%, 22%, and 88% in the lowest risk cluster, respectively. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin. INTERPRETATION: There are significant differences in the clinical and laboratory courses between COVID-19 and influenza. Risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using laboratory data could be useful to predict clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of these patients. FUNDING: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Department of Defense, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089115/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100475 id: cord-300848-0igfcixy author: Meijers, Björn title: The clinical characteristics of coronavirus-associated nephropathy date: 2020-09-02 words: 1687.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300848-0igfcixy.txt summary: While a minority of SARS-CoV patients did develop acute kidney injury (AKI), this was attributed to critical illness with acute tubular necrosis in post-mortem kidney tissue. In kidney tissue obtained at autopsy of 26 critically ill patients with COVID-19, diffuse proximal tubule injury also was the main finding on light microscopy [9] . This puts SARS-CoV-2 in an expanding list of other viruses with proven kidney tropism, including hantavirus [14] , the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [15] , polyomavirus (polyomavirus-associated nephropathy) [16] and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-associated nephropathy) [17] . To date, kidney histology of COVID-19 patients with a less severe clinical course has not been reported. In this issue of Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, data from a large European cohort study of patients with COVID-19 are reported [3] . Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa197 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa197 id: cord-339533-r0qsqjus author: Mein, Stephen A title: COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of “the Great Equalizer” date: 2020-05-14 words: 1111.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339533-r0qsqjus.txt summary: Pandemics have the unique ability to amplify existing health inequalities, disproportionately affecting socially disadvantaged groups, including racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Racial and ethnic minorities are at both a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering worse outcomes. 5, 6 Once infected, racial and ethnic minorities are at a greater risk of increased disease severity. 7 Previous epidemiological studies have consistently shown many of these conditions to be more prevalent in racial/ethnic minorities, likely contributing to the worse health outcomes seen from COVID-19. Until recently, there has been minimal comprehensive demographic data reported from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or other governing bodies around the racial/ethnic characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19. Health disparities have long plagued our country and greatly impacted racial and ethnic minorities. Protection of racial/ethnic minority populations during an influenza pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410124/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05880-5 id: cord-325129-faptufak author: Meini, Simone title: Understanding the Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Could the Contact System Be the Key? date: 2020-08-11 words: 5501.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325129-faptufak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325129-faptufak.txt summary: Autoactivation of FXII by contact with SARS-CoV-2 could lead to activation of intrinsic coagulation, with fibrin formation (microthrombosis), and fibrinolysis, resulting in increased D-dimer levels. In this review, we try to address the complex link between the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the different proteolytic defense systems operating in human vasculature, investigating the role of the mediators involved and speculating on the possibility of pharmacological modulation. After binding through its B2R, BK activates signaling pathways resulting in increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, edema formation, hypotension, pain, fever (14) : all typical clinical features of COVID-19. (79) hypothesized that a kinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1R and eventually B2R is an important feature of COVID-19 and proposed that blocking the B2R and inhibiting plasma KAL activity might be beneficial in early disease, preventing ARDS. abstract: To date the pathophysiology of COVID-19 remains unclear: this represents a factor determining the current lack of effective treatments. In this paper, we hypothesized a complex host response to SARS-CoV-2, with the Contact System (CS) playing a pivotal role in innate immune response. CS is linked with different proteolytic defense systems operating in human vasculature: the Kallikrein–Kinin (KKS), the Coagulation/Fibrinolysis and the Renin–Angiotensin (RAS) Systems. We investigated the role of the mediators involved. CS consists of Factor XII (FXII) and plasma prekallikrein (complexed to high-molecular-weight kininogen-HK). Autoactivation of FXII by contact with SARS-CoV-2 could lead to activation of intrinsic coagulation, with fibrin formation (microthrombosis), and fibrinolysis, resulting in increased D-dimer levels. Activation of kallikrein by activated FXII leads to production of bradykinin (BK) from HK. BK binds to B2-receptors, mediating vascular permeability, vasodilation and edema. B1-receptors, binding the metabolite [des-Arg(9)]-BK (DABK), are up-regulated during infections and mediate lung inflammatory responses. BK could play a relevant role in COVID-19 as already described for other viral models. Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) 2 displays lung protective effects: it inactivates DABK and converts Angiotensin II (Ang II) into Angiotensin-(1-7) and Angiotensin I into Angiotensin-(1-9). SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 for cell entry, downregulating it: an impaired DABK inactivation could lead to an enhanced activity of B1-receptors, and the accumulation of Ang II, through a negative feedback loop, may result in decreased ACE activity, with consequent increase of BK. Therapies targeting the CS, the KKS and action of BK could be effective for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849666/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02014 id: cord-327284-j6cg7nf0 author: Meireles, André Luís Ferreira title: Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country date: 2020-08-17 words: 1478.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327284-j6cg7nf0.txt summary: title: Impact of Social Isolation due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with Pediatric Disorders: Rehabilitation Perspectives From a Developing Country Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being indicated in treatment protocols of countries such as Brazil; however, a case report on an adult patient taking chloroquine for presumable reticular erythematous mucinosis indicated that the drug induced myasthenic syndrome, suggesting that the drug might affect neuromuscular junction transmission and might adversely affect children with myasthenia. Other important negative effects of social isolation in children and adolescents during a pandemic are in the area of mental health. Evidence shows the importance of physical rehabilitation for pediatric patients with chronic neurological conditions 14, 15 ; however, these activities must be interrupted during a pandemic. Although we will probably will not be able to see the real impact of social isolation on health of children with disabilities until after COVID-19 is gone, pediatric physical therapists must adapt in order to provide the best possible care during this complex social moment that our patients and families are enduring. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32805029/ doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa152 id: cord-273833-yf8kt84e author: Mejia, Rojelio title: Global COVID-19 Efforts as the Platform to Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-08-20 words: 2544.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273833-yf8kt84e.txt summary: Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Accordingly, these virus-related morbidities will add to the many already found in these populations already affected by non-communicable diseases functioning as major risk factors for COVID-19, as well as other infections, including the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The poor living in urban or rural areas of high-income countries and the most impoverished living in LMICs have increased risk for both COVID-19 and tropical diseases. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this commentary, we summarize and put into perspective the recent information that highlights the associations between coronavirus disease and poverty. We also bring attention to another dimension that will most likely exacerbate the severity and long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in impoverished populations, that is, the comorbidities and the presence of tropical infections. RECENT FINDINGS: During this first half of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a poverty-related neglected disease on at least two fronts. First, is its significant impact in low-income neighborhoods in the USA, the epicenter of the pandemic. Second, is its emergence in poor urban areas of South America, and now in Asia and Africa. In both fronts, the pandemic is contributing heavily towards the loss of public health gains that we managed to achieve globally during the last two decades. Specifically, any advances made as part of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (United Nations, 2020) is eroding, and for the first time, the number of people entering extreme poverty is increasing. Adding to this descent into poverty are new disruptions in ongoing disease control programs, routine vaccination strategies, and a reduction of capacity building efforts globally. Therefore, and as highlighted by many others, we support the notion that a way forward to eliminate this coronavirus pandemic should include linking COVID-19 control to other tropical or poverty-related diseases. SUMMARY: COVID-19 is slowing or reversing global health and development gains. To be successful and achieve the global goals including the control of pandemics such as the one seen from the COVID-19, we must rely on strong leadership leading to impactful public policies and global collaborations, including global COVID-19 vaccinations, and potentially linking them to programs for childhood and adult vaccinations and programs for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical disease treatments. Opportunities also include the creation of unique research opportunities and funding models and increase science engagement for international diplomacy. This can only be done with a better understanding of the relationships between coronavirus disease, poverty, and tropical diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844081/ doi: 10.1007/s40475-020-00209-y id: cord-324488-be0m5gqh author: Melaku, Tsegaye title: Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary date: 2020-08-07 words: 991.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324488-be0m5gqh.txt summary: title: Research and intervention priorities for mental health of people living with chronic disease(s) in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings: A commentary The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus 88 and its impact on global mental health Research studies involving patients require ethical approval. Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and fully informed written consent which should be documented in the paper.Authors must obtain written and signed consent to publish a case report from the patient (or, where applicable, the patient''s guardian or next of kin) prior to submission. We ask Authors to confirm as part of the submission process that such consent has been obtained, and the manuscript must include a statement to this effect in a consent section at the end of the manuscript, as follows: "Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120302338?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.051 id: cord-306997-84pjfawk author: Melazzini, Federica title: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy date: 2020-11-08 words: 3665.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306997-84pjfawk.txt summary: A number of pathogenic mechanisms have been hypothesized for VTE in COVID-19 patients, including active inflammation, immobilization and intensive care treatments, but the limited evidence available in the literature does not allow to estimate the relative contribution of each of the abovementioned factors [8] . Starting from these premises, we here aimed to define VTE rates and types, not considering peripheral and central catheter-related thrombosis, among a cohort of COVID-19 patients during their hospital stay at the San Matteo Hospital Foundation (Pavia, Northern Italy). We extracted data from medical records of all 259 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to the Departments of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease, Intensive Care, and Respiratory Disease of the San Matteo Hospital Foundation (Pavia, Northern Italy), between March 19th and April 6th, 2020. We reviewed records of all 259 COVID-19 patients for demographic information, co-morbidities, risk factors for VTE according to the Padua prediction score [16] , laboratory tests and anticoagulation treatment at the time of hospital admission. abstract: Preliminary evidence supports the notion that COVID-19 patients may have an increased susceptibility to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the magnitude of this association still needs to be defined. Furthermore, clinical predictors of thrombogenesis, and the relationship with the inflammatory status are currently unknown. On this basis, we conducted a retrospective, observational study on 259 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy between March 19th and April 6th, 2020. Records of COVID-19 patients with a definite VTE event were reviewed for demographic information, co-morbidities, risk factors for VTE, laboratory tests, and anticoagulation treatment. Twenty-five cases among 259 COVID-19 patients developed VTE (9.6%), all of them having a Padua score > 4, although being under standard anticoagulation prophylaxis since hospital admission. In the VTE subcohort, we found a significant positive correlation between platelet count (PLT) and either C reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.0001) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0013), while a significant inverse correlation was observed between PLT and mean platelet volume (p < 0.0001). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly correlated with CRP (p < 0.0001). The majority of VTE patients was male and younger compared to non-VTE patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively). No significant difference was found in d-dimer levels between VTE and non VTE patients, while significantly higher levels of LDH (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.04) were observed in VTE patients in comparison to non-VTE patients. In conclusion, our findings showed a quite high prevalence of VTE in COVID-19 patients. Raised inflammatory indexes and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines should raise the clinical suspicion of VTE. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11739-020-02550-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02550-6 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02550-6 id: cord-313387-xwb0iphy author: Meleo-Erwin, Zoë title: Online Support Information for Students with Disabilities in Colleges and Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 words: 2647.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313387-xwb0iphy.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the availability of remote instruction and counseling resources on the disability/accessibility websites of colleges and universities in the greater New York City area. The disability/accessibility pages of websites were located and examined for remote instructional resources for both educators and for students, a way to make an appointment with the counseling center (phone number and/or email address), and a link to the counseling center. In particular, our purpose was to determine if the minimum educational and counseling resources were available to college/university students with disabilities and their instructors in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan region which, at the time the study was conducted, was the global epicenter of COVID-19. Though it would be an overreach to equate potential educational, health, and wellness barriers faced by college/university SWD due to the lack of accessible information on remote instruction and counseling to the disproportionate adverse impacts that disasters have had on PWD, we suggest it is reasonable to see them as related. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to remote instruction. This may have caused particular challenges for students with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the availability of remote instruction and counseling resources on the disability/accessibility websites of colleges and universities in the greater New York City area. At the time this study was conducted, this region was the global COVID-19 epicenter. METHODS: All colleges/universities in the New York City metropolitan area were identified using Petersen’s online search guide. Descriptive information (institution’s name, size, and location) was recorded. The disability/accessibility pages of websites were located and examined for remote instructional resources for both educators and for students, a way to make an appointment with the counseling center (phone number and/or email address), and a link to the counseling center. Descriptive statistics were recorded (percentages of small, medium, large size institutions, mean, median, range and standard deviations of enrollments, and number and percentage of institutions that provided online accessibility resources) and one-sided Chi square tests were conducted to test the relationship between school size and the availability of resources. RESULTS: 17% of the colleges/universities had no link to disability/accessibility services on their websites. Of the remaining 127 institutions, few made the aforementioned resources available on the disability/accessibility page. The most prevalent resource observed was providing students with remote instruction assistance. The association between school size and the aforementioned resources was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Making information available to students with disabilities is a fundamental part of accessibility in higher education. Doing so is all the more necessary given the challenges wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, challenges which are likely to continue for years to come. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S193665742030145X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101013 id: cord-350281-vmz7gnhm author: Meleveedu, Kapil S title: Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19 related illness – A community academic medical center experience date: 2020-09-02 words: 4387.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350281-vmz7gnhm.txt summary: We sought to describe outcomes in a series of severely ill patients with COVID-19 CRS following treatment with anti-IL-6/IL-6-Receptor (anti-IL-6/IL-6-R) therapy, including tocilizumab or siltuximab. Tocilizumab was approved in China in March 2020 for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and severe pulmonary disease associated with elevated serum IL-6 levels [5] . Emerging data suggest that anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy may offer meaningful clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients with CRS and related manifestations, including severe pulmonary hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [12, [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] . This single center series describes the clinical outcomes of 31 patients who presented with severe COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure, who received anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy. Inflammatory markers and cytokine levels decreased significantly following treatment, which supports the hypothesis that interruption of IL-6 signaling in COVID-19 CRS has the potential to halt progression toward more severe and fatal outcomes. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic can result in severe or fatal disease in a subset of infected patients. While the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease has yet to be fully elucidated, an overexuberant and harmful immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be a pivotal aspect of critical illness in this patient population. The inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, has been found to be consistently elevated in severely ill COVID-19 patients, prompting speculation that IL-6 is an important driver of the pathologic process. The inappropriately elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients is similar to cytokine release syndrome (CRS) observed in cell therapy patients. We sought to describe outcomes in a series of severely ill patients with COVID-19 CRS following treatment with anti-IL-6/IL-6-Receptor (anti-IL-6/IL-6-R) therapy, including tocilizumab or siltuximab. At our academic community medical center, we formed a multi-disciplinary committee for selecting severely ill COVID-19 patients for therapy with anti-IL-6 or IL-6-R agents. Key selection criteria included evidence of hyperinflammation, most notably elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, and an increasing oxygen requirement. By the data cutoff point, we treated 31 patients with anti-IL-6/IL-6-R agents including 12 who had already been intubated. Overall, 27 (87%) patients are alive and 24 (77%) have been discharged from the hospital. Clinical responses to anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy were accompanied by significant decreases in temperature, oxygen requirement, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 levels. Based on these data, we believe anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy can be effective in managing early CRS related to COVID-19 disease. Further study of anti-IL-6/IL-6-R therapy alone and in combination with other classes of therapeutics is warranted and trials are underway. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259015322030015X doi: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100035 id: cord-348786-25o7tam4 author: Mella, Alberto title: Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab date: 2020-06-17 words: 1501.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348786-25o7tam4.txt summary: We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID‐19 pneumonia who received TCZ: All were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5 ± 8.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465‐5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes, and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75 ± 2.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Ongoing immunosuppressive therapy was composed by TAC and TA B L E 2 Laboratory and pulmonary functional tests before and after TCZ adoption in our COVID-19-positive kidney transplant recipients To date, few reports included TCZ-treated kidney transplanted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia 12,19-23 ( other Authors, the virus caused a profound immunosuppression 5, 11 and, in this context, the result of combined inhibition of IL-6 receptor in predisposing to bacterial infections is not well understood. abstract: Few reports described the outcome of kidney transplanted patients (KTs) affected by COVID‐19 treated with interleukin‐6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ). We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID‐19 pneumonia who received TCZ: All were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5 ± 8.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465‐5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes, and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75 ± 2.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Two patients improved after TCZ and were discharged at 20 and 21 days, respectively; in both patient, a significant increase of total lymphocyte count was observed. In conclusion, KTs, where the role of peculiar factors such as chronic immunosuppression is still undetermined, represent a high‐risk group with significant COVID‐19‐associated mortality. The evaluation of the TCZ effect in COVID‐19 pneumonia requires controlled studies (ideally RCTs) in this specific population. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13348 doi: 10.1111/tid.13348 id: cord-300222-kzzx8ni7 author: Mellan, T. A. title: Report 21: Estimating COVID-19 cases and reproduction number in Brazil date: 2020-05-18 words: 4483.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300222-kzzx8ni7.txt summary: Considering an R 0 of 3 and transmissibility similar to that observed across European [7] and Brazilian [16] settings, the estimated share of the population infected to date remains far short of the 70% herd immunity threshold required to prevent rapid resurgence of the virus if control measures are relaxed. In order to examine the effect of these assumptions on the conclusions described above, we undertook a series of sensitivity analyses (see Appendix) exploring different assumptions surrounding state-level IFR (relating to assumptions about how healthcare quality varies with state income) and the extent of death underreporting. In this report we utilise a semi-mechanistic Bayesian model of COVID-19 transmission, calibrated using data on reported deaths at the state level, to infer the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic in Brazil to date. We adopt the Bayesian semi-mechanistic model from [7] to estimate transmission intensity and attack rates of COVID-19 conditional on the reported number of deaths. abstract: Brazil is an epicentre for COVID-19 in Latin America. In this report we describe the Brazilian epidemic using three epidemiological measures: the number of infections, the number of deaths and the reproduction number. Our modelling framework requires sufficient death data to estimate trends, and we therefore limit our analysis to 16 states that have experienced a total of more than fifty deaths. The distribution of deaths among states is highly heterogeneous, with 5 states---Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Ceara, Pernambuco and Amazonas---accounting for 81% of deaths reported to date. In these states, we estimate that the percentage of people that have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 ranges from 3.3% (95% CI: 2.8%-3.7%) in Sao Paulo to 10.6% (95% CI: 8.8%-12.1%) in Amazonas. The reproduction number (a measure of transmission intensity) at the start of the epidemic meant that an infected individual would infect three or four others on average. Following non-pharmaceutical interventions such as school closures and decreases in population mobility, we show that the reproduction number has dropped substantially in each state. However, for all 16 states we study, we estimate with high confidence that the reproduction number remains above 1. A reproduction number above 1 means that the epidemic is not yet controlled and will continue to grow. These trends are in stark contrast to other major COVID-19 epidemics in Europe and Asia where enforced lockdowns have successfully driven the reproduction number below 1. While the Brazilian epidemic is still relatively nascent on a national scale, our results suggest that further action is needed to limit spread and prevent health system overload. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096701 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096701 id: cord-326113-r5a7qoks author: Mellis, Alexandra M. title: COVID-19-related treatment service disruptions among people with single- and polysubstance use concerns date: 2020-10-21 words: 1594.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326113-r5a7qoks.txt summary: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their loved ones are facing rapid changes to treatment and support services due to COVID-19. Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their families are facing rapid changes to SUD treatment and recovery support services, including mutual aid groups, due to COVID-19. Given that polysubstance use may be an indicator of higher-risk substance-use behavior, we examined J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof diminished access to treatment and recovery support services among individuals who reported using both single and multiple substances. We queries participants regarding the substances they or their family members used (alcohol, stimulants, opioids, nicotine, marijuana, sedatives, and other), and whether anything about their SUD recovery and treatment access had changed due to COVID-19. abstract: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their loved ones are facing rapid changes to treatment and support services due to COVID-19. To assess these changes, the Addiction Policy Forum fielded a survey to their associated patient and family networks between April 27 and May 13, 2020. Individuals who reported a history of use of multiple substances were more likely to report that COVID-19 has affected their treatment and service access, and were specifically more likely to report both use of telehealth services and difficulties accessing needed services. These findings suggest that individuals with a history of using multiple substances may be at greater risk for poor outcomes due to COVID-19, even in the face of expansion of telehealth service access. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33127196/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108180 id: cord-284251-brn5izwo author: Melmed, Kara R. title: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-24 words: 3640.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284251-brn5izwo.txt summary: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients admitted to the NYU Langone Health System (NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU Brooklyn, NYU Winthrop, or NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital) who had both a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result and neuroimaging performed between March 1 and April 27, 2020. We used binary logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) of therapeutic anticoagulation use and ICH in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 adjusting for previously identified factors associated with ICH (age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, systolic blood pressure) and might plausibly be associated with ICH in COVID-19 patients. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess for mortality in both ICH and non-ICH patients adjusting for previously reported risk factors, age [7] and maximum hospital SOFA score, [18] as a marker for disease severity. abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be a devastating complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We aimed to assess risk factors associated with ICH in this population. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to NYU Langone Health system between March 1 and April 27 2020 with a positive nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction test result and presence of primary nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage or hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic stroke on neuroimaging. Patients with intracranial procedures, malignancy, or vascular malformation were excluded. We used regression models to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) of the association between ICH and covariates. We also used regression models to determine association between ICH and mortality. Among 3824 patients admitted with COVID-19, 755 patients had neuroimaging and 416 patients were identified after exclusion criteria were applied. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.3 (16.2), 35.8% were women, and 34.9% were on therapeutic anticoagulation. ICH occurred in 33 (7.9%) patients. Older age, non-Caucasian race, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and therapeutic anticoagulation were associated with ICH on univariate analysis (p < 0.01 for each variable). In adjusted regression models, anticoagulation use was associated with a five-fold increased risk of ICH (OR 5.26, 95% CI 2.33–12.24, p < 0.001). ICH was associated with increased mortality (adjusted OR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.2–5.9). Anticoagulation use is associated with increased risk of ICH in patients with COVID-19. Further investigation is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms and prevention strategies in this population. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-020-02288-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968850/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02288-0 id: cord-280234-anlytu3q author: Memar, Elmira Haji Esmaeil title: Fulminant hepatic failure: a rare and devastating manifestation of Coronavirus disease 2019 in an 11-year-old boy date: 2020-09-29 words: 1546.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280234-anlytu3q.txt summary: Although several typical manifestation of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including respiratory symptoms, weakness, fever, and fatigue have been reported, some rare and novel manifestations have also been observed, particularly in children. In this study, we report a novel pediatric case of fulminant hepatic failure associated with COVIDAlthough there have been a significantly smaller number of reported cases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population compared with the adults, the number of infected children has seen a moderate increase [2, 7] . Owing to the acute fulminant hepatic failure in our patient, the only treatment option was liver transplantation; however, because of the progressive course of the disease and its rapid progression to stage 4 with encephalopathy and brain death, he died. In conclusion, in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, especially in cases with symptoms including fever, respiratory distress, and diarrhea, we should rule out COVID-19 infection as the underlying cause. abstract: Although several typical manifestation of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including respiratory symptoms, weakness, fever, and fatigue have been reported, some rare and novel manifestations have also been observed, particularly in children. We report a pediatric case of fulminant hepatic failure associated with COVID-19. Although the patient was treated for acute fulminant hepatic failure in the context of COVID-19, he died following the progression of the disease to stage 4 hepatic failure with encephalopathy and brain death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069564/ doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.09.009 id: cord-321552-lsz1onrj author: Membrilla, Javier A. title: Headache as a Cardinal Symptom of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross‐Sectional Study date: 2020-09-28 words: 4335.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321552-lsz1onrj.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To describe the semiology of pain and its associated features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and headache presenting to the emergency department who do not require urgent services. 27 We hypothesized that COVID-19-related headache might be one of the most frequent symptoms of the infection and can have a more severe presentation in patients with migraine. We aimed to describe the semiology of pain and associated symptoms in patients with COVID-19-related headache in a clinical setting who visit the emergency department but do not require urgent services. Study Population and Eligibility.-Patients attending the emergency department of our hospital were included if they met all of the following inclusion criteria: (1) patients classified by the Manchester Triage System 29 as priority levels 5 (non-urgent) and 4 (standard); (2) fulfilled the criteria for a "probable COVID-19 case" or "confirmed COVID-19 case" according to the WHO guidance on global surveillance for COVID-19; 30 (3) and presented with headache alongside other COVID-19-related symptoms. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the semiology of pain and its associated features in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and headache presenting to the emergency department who do not require urgent services. BACKGROUND: Headache is one of the most frequent neurological symptoms reported in case series, epidemiological studies, and meta‐analyses of COVID‐19, with a prevalence ranging from 8 to 71.1%. Studies addressing the semiology of these headaches are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a cross‐sectional study in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patients classified according to the Manchester Triage System as standard and non‐urgent and those fulfilling the criteria for probable or confirmed COVID‐19 according to World Health Organization guidelines who presented with headache were included. A standardized questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS: Of the 145 confirmed and probable COVID‐19 patients, 99 (68.3%) reported headache. A total of 54/99 (54.5%) were classified with probable COVID‐19 and 45/99 (45.5%) with confirmed COVID‐19. The mean age (44.7 ± 11.8 vs 40.4 ± 10.7, P = .061), sex distribution (35/54 [64.8%] vs 28/45 [62.2%] female, P = .768), and headache comorbidity (19/54 [35.2%] vs 17/45 [37.8%], P = .789) were similar between the probable and confirmed COVID‐19 groups, along with other medical comorbidities and laboratory data. Patients with confirmed COVID‐19 showed a higher incidence of anosmia (21/54 [38.9%] vs 28/45 [62.2%], P = .021) and pneumonia (10/54 [18.5%] vs 18/45 [40%], P = .018), headache at onset (32/54 [59.3%] vs 39/45 [86.7%], P = .002), and hospital admission (0/54 [0%] vs 2/45 [11.1%], P = .017). In most cases, the headache appeared simultaneously with other COVID‐19 symptoms (57/99, 57.6%). It was bilateral (86/99, 86.9%), frontal or holocranial (34/99, 34.3% each) in location and intense (60/99, 60.6%, reported a visual analog scale [VAS] score ≥7). A total of 39/99 (39.4%) identified triggers, most commonly fever. The most frequent aggravating factors were physical activity (45/99, 45.5%) and coughing (43/99, 43.4%). Patients showed a propensity toward prostration (41/99, 41.4%), photophobia (29/99, 29.3%), and phonophobia (27/99, 27.3%). Partial (53/99, 53.5%) or total (26/99, 26.3%) responses to first‐step analgesics were reported. A total of 25/99 (25.3%) patients had a prior history of migraine, presenting with headache different from the usual in 23/25 (92.0%) patients. Individuals with migraine were more likely to have earlier (headache at onset of the respiratory symptoms in 24/25 [96.0%] vs 57/74 [77.0%], P = .023 [95% CI: 0.067, 0.313]), longer (>24 hours of pain in 20/25 [80%] vs 25/74 [33.8%], P < .001 [95% CI: 0.272, 0.652]), and more intense (VAS score ≥5 in 25/25 [100%] vs 63/74 [85.1%], P = .043 [95% CI: 0.057, 0.213]) headaches than patients without migraine. CONCLUSIONS: Headache is a very prevalent COVID‐19 symptom among patients presenting to the emergency room, most frequently presenting as holocranial or bifrontal moderate to severe, and pressing quality headache. Individuals with migraine tend to present with earlier, longer, and more intense headaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13967 doi: 10.1111/head.13967 id: cord-273541-47n8i2qg author: Mena Lora, Alfredo J. title: Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital date: 2020-10-20 words: 1542.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273541-47n8i2qg.txt summary: title: Feasibility and impact of inverted classroom methodology for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic preparedness at an urban community hospital We describe our experience using inverted classroom methodology (ICM) for COVID-19 pandemic preparedness in a small hospital with limited infection prevention staff. [6] [7] [8] Faced with COVID-19, our facility used ICM as a major tool for pandemic preparedness to leverage our limited infectious diseases and infection preventionist human resources. We assessed the feasibility of ICM for pandemic preparedness and its impact on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey at a 151-bed urban safety-net community teaching hospital. Town halls were led by the infection preventionist and infectious diseases physician and served as the instruction phase, providing opportunities for questions and knowledge application from the videos. ICM was a feasible and efficient way to deliver educational content for pandemic preparedness at a community hospital with limited infection preventionist and infectious diseases physician staff. abstract: Strategies for pandemic preparedness and response are urgently needed for all settings. We describe our experience using inverted classroom methodology (ICM) for COVID-19 pandemic preparedness in a small hospital with limited infection prevention staff. ICM for pandemic preparedness was feasible and contributed to an increase in COVID-19 knowledge and comfort. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1272 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.1272 id: cord-320147-29a7njqi author: Mendes, Luís title: How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon date: 2020-06-23 words: 8412.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320147-29a7njqi.txt summary: The dynamics of social protest, demands and pre-COVID urban struggles are now essential in order to capitalise on collective learning, the social capital of the networks created and the impact they have had on placing the issue of the right to housing on the public and political agenda, in the last years (Mayer 2010; Colomb & Novy 2016; Sequera & Nofre 2018) . The second part addresses the new spaces of contestation created by anti-evictions urban social movements in pre-COVID period in Lisbon, namely, their characteristics and organisational forms, assessing the political potential for reversing the current situation of housing crisis. In this context and focusing specifically on the Portuguese case, the resurgence of popular protest and new urban social movements not only continued to be primarily associated to the anti-austerity ideology, as gave a new impetus to collective action in the field of struggles for the right to housing and the city. abstract: In Lisbon, during the COVID‐19 pandemic period, new spaces for contestation and the action of urban social movements intensified, capitalising on the visibility for the right to housing, as a basic human right and an unconditional public health imperative, to fulfil the duties of lockdown and social isolation, imposed by the State of Exception. Its narrative and strategies reinforces the counter‐hegemonic movement that denounces the logics of commodification and financialisation in the housing sector, placing hope in a post‐capitalist transition in the post‐COVID horizon. We conclude that the actors in this urban struggle have limited power over the changes they initiate, or make an effort to inflict, if they are not involved in a concerted and politically integrated action, not least because the achievements they obtain are temporary and exceptional, like the state of emergency imposed by COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12450 doi: 10.1111/tesg.12450 id: cord-306810-g64gjpbd author: Mendivelso Duarte, Fredy Orlando title: Recomendaciones para la reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-16 words: 3115.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306810-g64gjpbd.txt summary: Dada la incertidumbre que acompaña a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y ante la necesidad de dar respuesta a múltiples problemas de salud crónicos y agudos que afectan a la población general, incluidos aquellos que precisan de una intervención quirúrgica, se presentan las recomendaciones implementadas en clínicas y hospitales de Colombia como guía para lograr una reapertura de los servicios de cirugía electiva de forma segura, escalonada y monitoreada acorde a la dinámica que impone la pandemia, la regulación nacional e internacional y la velocidad en la producción de evidencia científica relacionada con la COVID-19. En este artículo se sintetizan las recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible hasta el momento y las lecciones aprendidas durante el proceso de reapertura de servicios de cirugía electiva de alta complejidad, cirugía ambulatoria mayor y cirugía de corta estancia instaurados en instituciones de mediana y alta complejidad en Colombia tomando como marco de referencia el riesgo individual de infección por COVID-19, la disminución de casos en el área geográfica de influencia de cada hospital y el riesgo de que pueda empeorar la salud de los pacientes que requieren una cirugía electiva si se demora la intervención. abstract: Given the uncertainty that accompanies the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the need to respond to multiple chronic and acute health problems affecting the general population, including those requiring surgical intervention, the recommendations implemented in clinics and hospitals in Colombia are presented as a guide to achieve a reopening of elective surgery services in a safe, staggered and monitored manner in accordance with the dynamics imposed by the pandemic, national and international guidelines and the speed of production of scientific evidence related to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952535/ doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.114 id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 69640.0 sentences: 6489.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt summary: De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). abstract: Antecedentes y objetivos: La enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Se identificó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, en los meses siguientes se expandió rápidamente a todos los continentes y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la reconoció como una pandemia global el 11 de marzo de 2020. La mayoría de los individuos son asintomáticos pero una baja proporción ingresan a cuidados intensivos con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Este consenso tiene como objetivo actualizar la declaratoria inicial emitida por la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica (AMCI) para el manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19 dentro de las áreas críticas de las instituciones de salud. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó dos técnicas de consenso formal para construir las recomendaciones finales: Delphi modificada y grupos nominales. Se construyeron preguntas por la estrategia PICO. 10 grupos nominales desarrollaron recomendaciones para cada unidad temática. El producto del consenso fue evaluado y calificado en una ronda Delphi y se discutió de forma virtual por los relatores de cada núcleo y los representantes de sociedades médicas científicas afines al manejo del paciente con COID-19. Resultados: 80 expertos nacionales participaron en la actualización del consenso AMCI, especialistas en Medicina Critica y Cuidados Intensivos, Nefrología, Neurología, Neumología, bioeticistas, Medicina interna, Anestesia, Cirugía General, Cirugía de cabeza y cuello, Cuidados Paliativos, Enfermeras Especialistas en Medicina crítica, Terapeutas respiratorias especialistas en medicina crítica y Fisioterapia, con experiencia clínica en la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo. La declaratoria emite recomendaciones en los ámbitos más relevantes para la atención en salud de los casos de COVID-19 al interior de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en el contexto nacional de Colombia. Conclusiones: un grupo significativo multidisciplinario de profesionales expertos en medicina crítica emiten mediante técnicas de consenso formal recomendaciones sobre la mejor práctica para la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19. Las recomendaciones deben ser adaptadas a las condiciones específicas, administrativas y estructurales de las distintas unidades de cuidados intensivos del país. Background and objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. In the following months it spread quickly to all continents and was recognised as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th, 2020. Most cases of infection remain asymptomatic, while a low proportion require intensive care, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. This consensus aims to update the initial statement issued by the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine (AMCI) for the management of the critically ill patient with COVID-19 within the critical areas of health institutions. Methods: This study used two formal consensus techniques to construct the final recommendations: modified Delphi and nominal groups. Questions were constructed using the PICO strategy. Recommendations for each thematic unit were developed by 10 nominal groups. The consensus product was evaluated and qualified in a Delphi round, and was discussed virtually by the speaker of each nucleus, as well as the representatives of scientific medical societies related to the management of the patient with COVID-19. Results: A total of 80 national experts participated in the update of the AMCI consensus, all specialists in Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Nephrologists, Neurologists, Chest physician, bioethicists, Internal medicine specialists, Anaesthetists, General Surgeons, head and neck surgery, palliative care, Nurses Specialised in Critical Medicine, Respiratory therapists specialised in critical medicine and Physiotherapy, with clinical experience in the care of critically ill patients. This update issues recommendations in the most relevant areas for health care of COVID-19 patients within the intensive care units, contextualised for Colombia. Conclusions: A significant multidisciplinary group of professionals, who are experts in critical medicine, reviewed and issued recommendations on best practice for the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 through formal consensus techniques. Recommendations must be adapted to the specific, administrative, and structural conditions of the different intensive care units in the country. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 id: cord-296182-hhswage4 author: Meng, Lingzhong title: Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhan’s Experience date: 2020-04-08 words: 6532.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296182-hhswage4.txt summary: Healthcare providers, who are tasked with taking care of critically ill patients, need to perform the best practices of intubation and ventilation tailored explicitly to the victims of this sweeping COVID-19 outbreak and, at the same time, adhere to strict self-protection precautions. The Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management released a fast-track publication with the recommendation to proceed with endotracheal intubation for patients showing no improvement in respiratory distress, tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 30 per minute), and poor oxygenation (Pao 2 to Fio 2 ratio less than 150 mmHg) after 2-h highflow oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation. Although the aerosol-generating potential of noninvasive ventilation is a potential concern to some providers, 19 the bilevel positive airway pressure machine is widely used amid this outbreak for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in Wuhan and the rest of China. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has led to 80,409 diagnosed cases and 3,012 deaths in mainland China based on the data released on March 4, 2020. Approximately 3.2% of patients with COVID-19 required intubation and invasive ventilation at some point in the disease course. Providing best practices regarding intubation and ventilation for an overwhelming number of patients with COVID-19 amid an enhanced risk of cross-infection is a daunting undertaking. The authors presented the experience of caring for the critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan. It is extremely important to follow strict self-protection precautions. Timely, but not premature, intubation is crucial to counter a progressively enlarging oxygen debt despite high-flow oxygen therapy and bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation. Thorough preparation, satisfactory preoxygenation, modified rapid sequence induction, and rapid intubation using a video laryngoscope are widely used intubation strategies in Wuhan. Lung-protective ventilation, prone position ventilation, and adequate sedation and analgesia are essential components of ventilation management. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003296 id: cord-345466-sjryzsqh author: Meng, Xianchun title: Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit date: 2020-10-20 words: 484.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345466-sjryzsqh.txt summary: title: Chest Imaging Tests versus RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 Pneumonia: There Is No Best, Only a Better Fit Those articles studied chest imaging tests (radiography and/or CT) versus reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing to identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Second, imaging examinations for COVID-19 help to identify specific disease patterns that generally lack a theoretical basis. Findings at chest radiography have a lower sensitivity than initial RT-PCR testing (69% vs 91%, respectively), whereas a French national survey of 26 hospitals (4824 participants) demonstrated chest CT sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 91%, respectively, in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia (2) . For patients in low-prevalence areas or asymptomatic infected persons, imaging tests will face false-positive and missed detection problems. For asymptomatic infected persons, imaging tests are often negative, and only viral detection can be relied on. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33079001/ doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020203792 id: cord-349912-em1abdrg author: Meng, Xiangming title: COVID-19 and anosmia: A review based on up-to-date knowledge date: 2020-06-02 words: 1517.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349912-em1abdrg.txt summary: Multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the incidence rate of Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients varies from 33.9–68% with female dominance. Clinical evidence has shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be transmitted by person-to-person [1] . Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the tears of COVID-19 patient and can cause nasal infection via the nasolacrimal duct [17, 18] . performed the olfactory function test (OFT)of 60 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and took 60 subjects from previous studies as a control group matching the age and gender of the patient''s group [35] . Another investigation, using a self-reported questionnaire, analyzed the prevalence of smell and/or taste disorders in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 8 OFT has been the mainstay for diagnosis of OD; however, the patients in most studies were untested by OFT. abstract: The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a vast disaster throughout the world. There is increasing evidence that Olfactory dysfunction can present in COVID-19 patients. Anosmia can occur alone or can be accompanied by other symptoms of COVID-19, such as a dry cough. However, the pathogenic mechanism of olfactory dysfunction and its clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. Multiple cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the incidence rate of Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients varies from 33.9–68% with female dominance. Anosmia and dysgeusia are often comorbid in COVID-19 patients. Otolaryngologists should be mindful of the symptom of anosmia in outpatients so as not to delay the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this paper, we have reviewed the relevant knowledge based on up-to-date literature. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563019/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581 id: cord-340855-y5o8dvf4 author: Meng, Zibo title: Predicted value of coagulation function for prognosis and admission time to negative RT‐PCR detection in non‐critical COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-04 words: 839.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340855-y5o8dvf4.txt summary: Blood samples were collected within 24 h after admission to perform coagulation testing, The baseline clinical characteristics of non-critical patients with COVID-19 were shown in Table 1 , and the coagulation results showed that the level of D-dimer (1.42 ± 2.27) and fibrinogen (FIB, 4.36 ± 1.27) were higher in COVID-19 patients compared with regular people, which indicated that the COVID-19 patients were suffered from coagulation dysfunction. Studies had shown that the disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients were significantly affected by multiple confounding factors, especially by age and coagulation function. In this study, the COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups and univariate analyze were conducted according to the median cutoff value of ATN = 26, and the result demonstrated that the coagulation function, especially D-dimer, together with diagnosed age and disease severity were associated with ATN ( Table 1 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508034/ doi: 10.1002/ctm2.42 id: cord-316117-o29773cz author: Menzella, Francesco title: Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows date: 2020-05-19 words: 4459.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316117-o29773cz.txt summary: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization (WHO) to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. The search strategy was based on the following keywords: coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, antivirals, corticosteroids, biologics, and anticoagulants. Current antiviral treatments are mainly based on previous experiences (favipiravir) or on experimental drugs (remdesivir) used for the treatment of viral infections due to different viruses, such as influenza virus (InfV), Ebolavirus (EBOV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MERS, and SARS. 38 On the contrary, in a study with a small cohort of patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, no strong antiviral activity or clinical efficacy of the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was found. abstract: At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments for COVID-19 are currently being evaluated and tested worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. The basic treatments are mainly represented by antiviral drugs, even if the evidence is not satisfactory. Among the antivirals, the most promising appears to be remdesivir. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab seem to guarantee positive results in selected patients so far, although the timing of starting therapy and the most appropriate therapeutic schemes remain to be clarified. Efficacy of the other drugs is still uncertain, and they are currently used as a cocktail of treatments in the absence of definitive guidelines. What will represent the real solution to the enormous problem taking place worldwide is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are underway. url: https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-4-6 doi: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-6 id: cord-027578-yapmcvps author: Menzies, Rachel E. title: Death anxiety in the time of COVID-19: theoretical explanations and clinical implications date: 2020-06-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a surge in anxiety across the globe. Much of the public’s behavioural and emotional response to the virus can be understood through the framework of terror management theory, which proposes that fear of death drives much of human behaviour. In the context of the current pandemic, death anxiety, a recently proposed transdiagnostic construct, appears especially relevant. Fear of death has recently been shown to predict not only anxiety related to COVID-19, but also to play a causal role in various mental health conditions. Given this, it is argued that treatment programmes in mental health may need to broaden their focus to directly target the dread of death. Notably, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to produce significant reductions in death anxiety. As such, it is possible that complementing current treatments with specific CBT techniques addressing fears of death may ensure enhanced long-term symptom reduction. Further research is essential in order to examine whether treating death anxiety will indeed improve long-term outcomes, and prevent the emergence of future disorders in vulnerable populations. KEY LEARNING AIMS: (1).. To understand terror management theory and its theoretical explanation of death anxiety in the context of COVID-19. (2).. To understand the transdiagnostic role of death anxiety in mental health disorders. (3).. To understand current treatment approaches for directly targeting death anxiety, and the importance of doing so to improve long-term treatment outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308596/ doi: 10.1017/s1754470x20000215 id: cord-307496-1k3d3o2q author: Meraj, Gowhar title: Coronavirus pandemic versus temperature in the context of Indian subcontinent: a preliminary statistical analysis date: 2020-07-10 words: 3692.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307496-1k3d3o2q.txt summary: We observed that except Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kashmir showed a significantly positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the temperature during the period of study. The rate of change of the temperature for Maharashtra is minimum and almost flat (R 2 = 0.05), while as for the Rajasthan and Kashmir region, temperature shows a significant increasing trend, and the average rate of change of the temperature is 0.19 °C and 0.16 °C per day, respectively, during the period of study (Table 1 ). Figure 2 shows the graph representing the daily increase of the new COVID-19 cases and temperature for the three regions during the period of study. We observed that the increasing temperature within the given range observed during the period for Rajasthan and Kashmir sites might provide a beneficial environment for the coronavirus to grow and spread as evident by the increasing trend of the reported COVID-19 cases with the increasing temperature (Fig. 4a, 5a) . abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has unleashed havoc across different countries and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Since certain evidences indicate a direct relationship of various viruses with the weather (temperature in particular), the same is being speculated about COVID-19; however, it is still under investigation as the pandemic is advancing the world over. In this study, we tried to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in the Indian subcontinent with respect to the local temperature regimes from March 9, 2020, to May 27, 2020. To establish the relation between COVID-19 and temperature in India, three different ecogeographical regions having significant temperature differences were taken into consideration for the analysis. We observed that except Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Kashmir showed a significantly positive correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and the temperature during the period of study. The evidences based on the results presented in this research lead us to believe that the increasing temperature is beneficial to the COVID-19 spread, and the cases are going to rise further with the increasing temperature over India. We, therefore, conclude that the existing data, though limited, suggest that the spread of COVID-19 in India is not explained by the variation of temperature alone and is most likely driven by a host of other factors related to epidemiology, socioeconomics and other climatic factors. Based on the results, it is suggested that temperature should not be considered as a yardstick for planning intervention strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837278/ doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00854-3 id: cord-337785-fwo0r4bb author: Mercer, Scott Thomas title: A Comparative Study Looking at Trauma and Orthopaedic Operating Efficiency in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-10-21 words: 2301.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337785-fwo0r4bb.txt summary: No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. During the pandemic due to redeployment of staff members and overall reduced trauma/ urgent orthopaedic cases, we had 2 all day lists from 8am to 8pm. A further sub-group analysis of hand and wrist surgery showed that there was no significant increase in surgical time in 2020 (Table 5) . Changes implemented during COVID-19 have led to a significant reduction in the efficiency of ORs. This will have significant effect on increased waiting times for elective surgery. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with safe non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve operating room efficiency however, further research is needed to prove this. abstract: BACKGROUD: COVID-19 has led to a reduction in operating efficiency. We aim to identify these inefficiencies and possible solutions as we begin to pursue a move to planned surgical care. METHODS: All trauma and orthopaedic emergency surgery were analysed for May 2019 and May 2020. Timing data was collated to look at the following: anaesthetic preparation time, anaesthetic time, surgical preparation time, surgical time, transfer to recovery time and turnaround time. Data for 2019 was collected retrospectively and data for 2020 was collected prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 222 patients underwent emergency orthopaedic surgery in May 2019 and 161 in May 2020. A statistically significant increase in all timings was demonstrated in 2020 apart from anaesthetic time which demonstrated a significant decrease. A subgroup analysis for hip fractures demonstrated a similar result. No increase in surgical time was observed in hand and wrist surgery or for debridement and washouts. Although the decrease in anaesthetic time is difficult to explain, this could be attributed to a reduction in combined anaesthetic techniques and possibly the effect of fear. The other increases in time demonstrated can largely be attributed to the PPE required for aerosol generating procedures and other measures taken to reduce spread of the virus. These procedures currently form a large amount of the orthopaedic case load. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 has led to significant reductions in operating room efficiency. This will have significant impact on waiting times. Increasing frequency of regional anaesthesia concurrently with non-aerosol generating surgeries may improve efficiency. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2405603020300571 doi: 10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100142 id: cord-028605-ehercdou author: Merchan, Cristian title: COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from an operational pharmacy perspective date: 2020-06-16 words: 4362.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028605-ehercdou.txt summary: PURPOSE: To describe our medical center''s pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. Our pharmacy residents'' training was redesigned to enable them to assist with both clinical and operational needs, including rounding in newly established units designated as "COVID-ICUs," participating in medical code responses, and assisting with operational needs such as sterile compounding, hand deliveries, and other tasks. abstract: PURPOSE: To describe our medical center’s pharmacy services preparedness process and offer guidance to assist other institutions in preparing for surges of critically ill patients such as those experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SUMMARY: The leadership of a department of pharmacy at an urban medical center in the US epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic proactively created a pharmacy action plan in anticipation of a surge in admissions of critically ill patients with COVID-19. It was essential to create guidance documents outlining workflow, provide comprehensive staff education, and repurpose non–intensive care unit (ICU)-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work in ICUs. Teamwork was crucial to ensure staff safety, develop complete scheduling, maintain adequate drug inventory and sterile compounding, optimize the electronic health record and automated dispensing cabinets to help ensure appropriate prescribing and effective management of medication supplies, and streamline the pharmacy workflow to ensure that all patients received pharmacotherapeutic regimens in a timely fashion. CONCLUSION: Each hospital should view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to internally review and enhance workflow processes, initiatives that can continue even after the resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337640/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa212 id: cord-292878-wbfi0v2x author: Merchant, Reshma A. title: The Role of a Geriatrician has Become Even More Important in an Academic Institution during COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 1157.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292878-wbfi0v2x.txt summary: Geriatricians worldwide continue to face different challenges including the reduction of the number of specialist geriatric units to augment manpower in managing COVID-19 patients (1, 2). While a lot of the resources are being channelled to manage the increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, frail older adults with multimorbidity continue to be admitted with very complex needs. Patients admitted to NUH are primarily those with fever and / or fulfilling the Singapore Ministry of Health case definition of COVID-19 requiring isolation or specialist input, while the rest of the patients are transferred to a nearby hospital which is part of the same cluster. Prior to the circuit breaker measures, we had a large group of older adults participating in Healthy Ageing Promotion Program For You (HAPPY) dual task exercise in the community. The presence of the geriatrician across settings from acute hospitals to the community is important in ensuring that older adults receive the best care and are not marginalised during the COVID-19 wave. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410820/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1387-3 id: cord-350172-w3yoxhsg author: Mertens, Pascal title: Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context date: 2020-05-08 words: 7563.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350172-w3yoxhsg.txt summary: Introduction: COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip, an immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen on nasopharyngeal specimen, has been developed to identify positive COVID-19 patients allowing prompt clinical and quarantine decisions. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and the urgency of sharing relevant data, in this original research article we describe the analytical performance of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip according to the requirements of the current European Directive 98/79/EC (9) , the future European Regulation 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices (10) , the Scandinavian SKUP-protocol (11) used for the validation of qualitative tests and the clinical performance obtained with a multi-centric retrospective study. Overall, 328 nasopharyngeal samples from symptomatic patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infections attending from 19th to 30th March 2020 in three university laboratories located in Belgium were tested following the manufacturer''s instructions to assess the clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy in order to propose a diagnostic algorithm adapted to the current situation. abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip, an immunochromatographic (ICT) assay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen on nasopharyngeal specimen, has been developed to identify positive COVID-19 patients allowing prompt clinical and quarantine decisions. In this original research article, we describe the conception, the analytical and clinical performances as well as the risk management of implementing the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip in a diagnostic decision algorithm. Materials and Methods: Development of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip resulted in a ready-to-use ICT assay based on a membrane technology with colloidal gold nanoparticles using monoclonal antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highly conserved nucleoprotein antigen. Four hundred observations were recorded for the analytical performance study and thirty tests were analyzed for the cross-reactivity study. The clinical performance study was performed in a retrospective multi-centric evaluation on aliquots of 328 nasopharyngeal samples. COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip results were compared with qRT-PCR as golden standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. Results: In the analytical performance study, the reproducibility showed a between-observer disagreement of 1.7%, a robustness of 98%, an overall satisfying user friendliness and no cross-reactivity with other virus-infected nasopharyngeal samples. In the clinical performance study performed in three different clinical laboratories during the ascendant phase of the epidemiological curve, we found an overall sensitivity and specificity of 57.6 and 99.5%, respectively with an accuracy of 82.6%. The cut-off of the ICT was found at CT <22. User-friendliness analysis and risk management assessment through Ishikawa diagram demonstrate that COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip may be implemented in clinical laboratories according to biosafety recommendations. Conclusion: The COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip represents a promising rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay for the first-line diagnosis of COVID-19 in 15 min at the peak of the pandemic. Its role in the proposed diagnostic algorithm is complementary to the currently-used molecular techniques. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00225 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00225 id: cord-268117-5xhc3h0z author: Merzon, E. title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study date: 2020-07-03 words: 3129.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268117-5xhc3h0z.txt summary: title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between low plasma 25(OH)D level and increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection [crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 (95% CI 1.24-2.01, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus [crude OR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.01-4.30, p<0.05)]. The main finding of this study was the low plasma 25(OH)D level association with COVID-19 hospitalization risks, for patients tested positively for COVID-19, after adjusting for age, gender, SES and chronic, mental and physical disorders. To conclude, our study found that suboptimal plasma vitamin D levels may be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection, particularly, for the high hospitalization risks, independent of demographic characteristics and medical conditions. abstract: Aim: To evaluate associations of plasma 25(OH)D status with the likelihood of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and hospitalization. Methods: The study population included the 14,000 members of Leumit Health Services who were tested for COVID-19 infection from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and who had at least one previous blood test for plasma 25(OH)D level. "Suboptimal" or "low" plasma 25(OH)D level was defined as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or 25(OH)D, concentration below 30 ng/mL. Results: Of 7,807 individuals, 782 (10.1%) were COVID-19-positive, and 7,025 (89.9%) COVID-19-negative. The mean plasma vitamin D level was significantly lower among those who tested positive than negative for COVID-19 [19.00 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.41-19.59) vs. 20.55 (95% CI 20.32-20.78)]. Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between low plasma 25(OH)D level and increased likelihood of COVID-19 infection [crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 (95% CI 1.24-2.01, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus [crude OR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.01-4.30, p<0.05)]. In multivariate analyses that controlled for demographic variables and psychiatric and somatic disorders, the adjusted OR of COVID-19 infection [1.45 (95% CI 1.08-1.95, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus [1.95 (95% CI 0.98-4.845, p=0.061)] were preserved. In the multivariate analyses, age over 50 years, male gender and low-medium socioeconomic status were also positively associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection; age over 50 years was positively associated with the likelihood of hospitalization due to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.01.20144329 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144329 id: cord-265340-hc9003dj author: Merzon, Eugene title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study date: 2020-07-23 words: 3117.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265340-hc9003dj.txt summary: title: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study We hypothesized that the mean plasma level of 25(OH)D would be significantly lower and, accordingly, the rate of suboptimal plasma 25(OH)D would be significantly higher, among persons testing positive for COVID-19 infection, and among persons subsequently hospitalized, in a large population-based data study. The main finding of this study was the low plasma 25(OH)D level association with COVID-19 hospitalization risks, for patients tested positively for COVID-19, after adjusting for age, gender, SES and chronic, mental and physical disorders. To conclude, our study found that suboptimal plasma vitamin D levels may be a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infection, particularly, for the high hospitalization risks, independent of demographic characteristics and medical conditions. abstract: AIM: To evaluate associations of plasma 25(OH)D status with the likelihood of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) infection and hospitalization. METHODS: The study population included the 14,000 members of Leumit Health Services who were tested for COVID‐19 infection from February 1(st) to April 30(th) 2020, and who had at least one previous blood test for plasma 25(OH)D level. "Suboptimal" or "low" plasma 25(OH)D level was defined as plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or 25(OH)D, concentration below the level of 30 ng/mL. RESULTS: Of 7,807 individuals, 782 (10.1%) were COVID‐19‐positive, and 7,025 (89.9%) COVID‐19‐negative. The mean plasma vitamin D level was significantly lower among those who tested positive than negative for COVID‐19 [19.00 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.41‐19.59) vs. 20.55 (95% CI 20.32‐20.78)]. Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between low plasma 25(OH)D level and increased likelihood of COVID‐19 infection [crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 (95% CI 1.24‐2.01, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus [crude OR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.01‐ 4.30, p<0.05)]. In multivariate analyses that controlled for demographic variables, and psychiatric and somatic disorders, the adjusted OR of COVID‐19 infection [1.45 (95% CI 1.08‐1.95, p<0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus [1.95 (95% CI 0.98‐4.845, p=0.061)] were preserved. In the multivariate analyses, age over 50 years, male gender and low‐medium socioeconomic status were also positively associated with the risk of COVID‐19 infection; age over 50 years was positively associated with the likelihood of hospitalization due to COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Low plasma 25(OH)D level appears to be an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15495 doi: 10.1111/febs.15495 id: cord-301061-bekyn1k2 author: Meschi, Tiziana title: Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID‐19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy date: 2020-05-20 words: 622.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301061-bekyn1k2.txt summary: authors: Meschi, Tiziana; Rossi, Sandra; Volpi, Annalisa; Ferrari, Carlo; Sverzellati, Nicola; Brianti, Ettore; Fabi, Massimo; Nouvenne, Antonio; Ticinesi, Andrea Here, we present the model of care adopted at Parma University-Hospital, a large teaching hospital facility located in Northern Italy, to face a massive overflow of COVID-19 patients presenting to the Emergency Department. If positive, patients are transferred either to infectious disease unit or to internal medicine ward clusters exclusively dedicated to COVID-19 management. Reconversion of other medical wards of the hospital, located in other buildings, with activation of a dedicated mobile CT, has then been performed with increasing patient flows (final capacity >600 beds). Tiziana Meschi 1, 2 Sandra Rossi 3 Annalisa Volpi 3 F I G U R E 1 Algorithm of management and flows of suspect COVID-19 cases adopted in Parma University Hospital. COVID-19 wards are jointly managed by internal medicine, emergency medicine, geriatrics, intensive care and infectious disease specialists. abstract: COVID-19 outbreak is challenging for hospital care. Development of lean, adaptable algorithms for managing patient flows may be pivotal for handling and adapting to a situation of uncertainty and evolving crisis. Here, we present the model of care adopted at Parma University-Hospital, a large teaching hospital facility located in Northern Italy, to face a massive overflow of COVID-19 patients presenting to the Emergency Department. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367527/ doi: 10.1111/eci.13250 id: cord-305574-ldkri5gh author: Mesnier, Jules title: Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study date: 2020-09-18 words: 4428.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305574-ldkri5gh.txt summary: title: Hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction before and after lockdown according to regional prevalence of COVID-19 and patient profile in France: a registry study We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nationwide lockdown in France on admissions to hospital for acute myocardial infarction, by patient characteristics and regional prevalence of the pandemic. Our aim was to quantify changes in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction according to type of myocardial infarction and regional prevalence of COVID-19, comparing the 4 weeks preceding the lockdown with the following 4 weeks, and to identify potential changes in management of patients with STEMI or NSTEMI. We included data collected on all patients admitted to intensive cardiac care units for a recent acute myocardial infarction in 21 large centres that were taking part in FRENCHIE, had begun recruitment, and were able to ensure consecutive recruitment during the lockdown period. A marked decrease in hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction was observed following the lockdown, irrespective of patient characteristics and local prevalence of COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on general health care. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a nationwide lockdown in France on admissions to hospital for acute myocardial infarction, by patient characteristics and regional prevalence of the pandemic. METHODS: In this registry study, we collected data from 21 centres participating in the ongoing French Cohort of Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (FRENCHIE) registry, which collects data from all patients admitted for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) within 48 h of symptom onset. We analysed weekly hospital admissions over 8 weeks: the 4 weeks preceding the institution of the lockdown and the 4 weeks following lockdown. The primary outcome was the change in the number of hospital admissions for all types of acute myocardial infarction, NSTEMI, and STEMI between the 4 weeks before lockdown and the 4 weeks after lockdown. Comparisons between categorical variables were made using χ(2) tests or Fisher's exact tests. Comparisons of continuous variables were made using Student's t tests or Mann-Whitney tests. Poisson regression was used to determine the significance of change in hospital admissions over the two periods, after verifying the absence of overdispersion. Age category, region, and type of acute myocardial infarction (STEMI or NSTEMI) were used as covariables. The FRENCHIE cohort is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04050956. FINDINGS: Between Feb 17 and April 12, 2020, 1167 patients were consecutively admitted within 48 h of acute myocardial infarction (583 with STEMI, 584 with NSTEMI) and were included in the study. Admissions for acute myocardial infarction decreased between the periods before and after lockdown was instituted, from 686 before to 481 after lockdown (30% decrease; incidence rate ratio 0·69 [95% CI 0·51–0·70]). Admissions for STEMI decreased from 331 to 252 (24%; 0·72 [0·62–0·85]), and admissions for NSTEMI decreased from 355 to 229 (35%; 0·64 [0·55–0·76]) following institution of the lockdown, with similar trends according to sex, risk factors, and regional prevalence of hospital admissions for COVID-19. INTERPRETATION: A marked decrease in hospital admissions was observed following the lockdown, irrespective of patient characteristics and regional prevalence of COVID-19. Health authorities should be aware of these findings, in order to adapt their message if the COVID-19 pandemic persists or recurs, or in case of future major epidemics. FUNDING: Recherche Hospitalo-Universitaire en Santé iVasc. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30188-2 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30188-2 id: cord-334220-sqvfr31q author: Messina, Francesco title: Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome date: 2020-11-03 words: 4218.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334220-sqvfr31q.txt summary: The functional analysis for all proteins, linked to many aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, allows to identify the subcellular districts, where SARS-CoV-2 proteins seem to be distributed, while in each interactome built around one single viral protein, a different response was described, underlining as ORF8 and ORF3a modulated cardiovascular diseases and pro-inflammatory pathways, respectively. We identified possible host responses induced by specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2, underlining the important role of specific viral accessory proteins in pathogenic phenotypes of severe COVID-19 patients. In SFigure For KEGG database the gene enrichment analysis on interactomes of NS7b, ORF1a, ORF3a and ORF8 showed pathway clusters highly significant and consistent with possible pathogenic mechanisms, such as the activation of the complement and of the coagulative cascade, (29) and the TGF-β-dominated immune response (30) . We identified different host response induced by specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2, underlining the important role of ORF3a and ORF8 in phenotypes of severe COVID-19 patients. abstract: In the last months, many studies have clearly described several mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection at cell and tissue level. Host conditions and comorbidities were identified as risk factors for severe and fatal disease courses, but the mechanisms of interaction between host and SARS-CoV-2 determining the grade of COVID- 19 severity, are still unknown. We provide a network analysis on protein–protein interactions (PPI) between viral and host proteins to better identify host biological responses, induced by both whole proteome of SARS-CoV-2 and specific viral proteins. A host-virus interactome was inferred on published PPI, using an explorative algorithm (Random Walk with Restart) triggered by all the 28 proteins of SARS-CoV-2, or each single viral protein one-by-one. The functional analysis for all proteins, linked to many aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis, allows to identify the subcellular districts, where SARS-CoV-2 proteins seem to be distributed, while in each interactome built around one single viral protein, a different response was described, underlining as ORF8 and ORF3a modulated cardiovascular diseases and pro-inflammatory pathways, respectively. Finally, an explorative network-based approach was applied to Bradykinin Storm, highlighting a possible direct action of ORF3a and NS7b to enhancing this condition. This network-based model for SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a framework for pathogenic evaluation of specific clinical outcomes. We identified possible host responses induced by specific proteins of SARS-CoV-2, underlining the important role of specific viral accessory proteins in pathogenic phenotypes of severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.366666 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.366666 id: cord-354492-6r6qs4pp author: Messina, Giovanni title: Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work date: 2020-04-28 words: 6880.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354492-6r6qs4pp.txt summary: Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes. In human infections with highly virulent respiratory viruses-such as avian influenza H5N1, H7N9, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)-immunopathogenesis caused by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an essential role in disease progression and mortality [3] . Finally, considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a modification of the dietary regimen in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of the patients, improving their outcomes. abstract: Background: On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The infection spread first in China and then in the rest of the world, and on the 11th of March, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. Taking into consideration the mortality rate of COVID-19, about 5–7%, and the percentage of positive patients admitted to intensive care units being 9–11%, it should be mandatory to consider and take all necessary measures to contain the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, given the recent evidence in different hospitals suggesting IL-6 and TNF-α inhibitor drugs as a possible therapy for COVID-19, we aimed to highlight that a dietary intervention could be useful to prevent the infection and/or to ameliorate the outcomes during therapy. Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32354030/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21093104 id: cord-273598-6hk2oxj9 author: Metcalfe, Peter E. title: Low dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia: brief review of the evidence date: 2020-08-10 words: 1984.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273598-6hk2oxj9.txt summary: Most treatment options focus on existing drugs, some with positive early trial results such as the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone which shows a modest overall improvement in survival for non-invasive ventilated patients but a potential one third improvement in survival for patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (mortality 29.0% treated vs 40.7% control) [1] . There are multiple historical cohort studies mostly dating from the 1930s that report the administration of one low dose fraction of x-rays (usually less than 0.5 Gy) to treat viral and bacterial pneumonia. Recent publications have suggested that a similar approach could be attempted in clinical trials involving pneumonia resistant COVID-19 patients as a treatment that may improve outcomes. This letter summarises key historical cohort data and discusses the level of evidence it provides as well as publications that point to the anti-inflammatory potential of doses of LDRT. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-020-00915-x doi: 10.1007/s13246-020-00915-x id: cord-273269-bjgfm73q author: Meyer, Christian Johannes title: The market-reach of pandemics: Evidence from female workers in Ethiopia’s ready-made garment industry date: 2020-10-14 words: 5185.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273269-bjgfm73q.txt summary: We conduct a phone survey with a random sample of female RMG workers employed before the start of the crisis in Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP), Ethiopia''s flagship special economic zone. We find significant changes in employment status within our sample; 41 percent of respondents employed in HIP in January 2020 were put on leave or terminated by the time of our survey. We report on a total sample of 3896 female HIP workers, including information on fixed demographics, current location and migration, employment status, income, savings, and expenditures, and mental health. Although we do not have pre-crisis measures of food security for our sample, the reported levels of household 10 To understand risk factors among HIP workers, our survey collects data on six health conditions (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hepatitis B, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney diseases, and cancer) that were commonly observed comorbidities at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (Guan et al., 2020) . abstract: In a globalized world, pandemics transmit impacts through markets. We document employment changes, coping strategies, and welfare of garment factory workers in Ethiopia’s largest industrial park during the early stages of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. We field a phone survey of female workers during a two month period in which cases are rapidly rising globally, but not locally. Our data suggest significant changes in employment, high levels of migration away from urban areas to rural areas if women are no longer working, and high levels of food insecurity. These findings compel a research and policy focus on documenting and mitigating the market-reach of pandemics on low-income workers at the margins. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20303065 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105179 id: cord-160526-27kmder5 author: Meyer, R. Daniel title: Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: 9268.0 sentences: 404.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-160526-27kmder5.txt summary: A number of strategies and recommendations are put forward to assess and address issues related to estimands, missing data, validity and modifications of statistical analysis methods, need for additional analyses, ability to meet objectives and overall trial interpretability. It should continue throughout the conduct of the study in light of the evolving situation and accumulating data, considering regional differences in the infection status and pandemic Determine what additional information needs to be collected in the study database or in the form of input from study investigators in order to adequately monitor, document, and address pandemic-related issues (feasibility to obtain such information and its quality may vary and this needs to be considered as part of the risk factors);  Understand reasons for treatment or study discontinuation and the impact on planned estimands and intercurrent events; abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had and continues to have major impacts on planned and ongoing clinical trials. Its effects on trial data create multiple potential statistical issues. The scale of impact is unprecedented, but when viewed individually, many of the issues are well defined and feasible to address. A number of strategies and recommendations are put forward to assess and address issues related to estimands, missing data, validity and modifications of statistical analysis methods, need for additional analyses, ability to meet objectives and overall trial interpretability. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10248v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-293717-j4w6mq0f author: Meza, Herbert Tejada title: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain date: 2020-06-26 words: 2328.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293717-j4w6mq0f.txt summary: CONCLUSION: We found a decrease in the number of ischemic stroke admissions and an increase in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 epidemic in this large study from North-West Spain. We aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on hospital ischemic stroke admissions as well as the use of reperfusion therapies and inhospital mortality in tertiary referral hospitals from North-West Spain. We used descriptive statistics to compare the incidence of stroke admissions before and after the setting of the state of emergency in Spain, expressed in strokes per week (W) and the differences between the other study variables (IVT, EVT, in-hospital mortality, and wake-up strokes or unknown-onset time) in those periods. This study demonstrates a decrease in stroke admissions and an increase in stroke mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic across 16 centers within the NORDICTUS network including Arago''n, Asturias, Cantabria, Castilla y Leo''n, Euskadi, Galicia, La Rioja, and Navarra in North-West Spain. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spain has been one of the countries heavily stricken by COVID-19. But this epidemic has not affected all regions equally. We analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in tertiary referral hospitals from North-West Spain. METHODS: Spanish multicenter retrospective observational study based on data from tertiary hospitals of the NORDICTUS network. We recorded the number of patients admitted for ischemic stroke between 30 December 2019 and 3 May 2020, the number of IVT and EVT procedures, and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: In the study period, 2737 patients were admitted with ischemic stroke. There was a decrease in the weekly mean admitted patients during the pandemic (124 vs. 173, p<0.001). In-hospital mortality of stroke patients increased significantly (9.9% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.003), but there were no differences in the proportion of IVT (17.3% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.405) or EVT (22% vs. 23%, p = 0.504). CONCLUSION: We found a decrease in the number of ischemic stroke admissions and an increase in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 epidemic in this large study from North-West Spain. There were regional changes within the network, not fully explained by the severity of the pandemic in different regions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32525468/ doi: 10.1177/1747493020938301 id: cord-265343-4wfsze80 author: Mhango, Malizgani title: COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review date: 2020-06-06 words: 2357.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265343-4wfsze80.txt summary: A rapid review was carried out on 20 April 2020 on Covid-19 risk factors among HWs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost Web (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL with Full Text, APA PsycInfo, Health Source—Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and WHO Global Database. The review included studies conducted among HWs that reported COVID-19 risk factors irrespective of their sample size. The review included studies conducted among HWs that reported COVID-19 risk factors irrespective of their sample size. The reported Covid-19 risk factors among HWs were grouped into five: lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), exposure to infected patients, work overload, poor infection control, and preexisting medical conditions. Our review revealed exposure to infected patients and work overload as two important Covid-19 risk factors among HWs. This corroborates a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that estimated that of the 9282 cases of Covid-19 cases among HWs in the United States of America, 55% had exposure in the healthcare setting [19] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) poses an important occupational health risk to health workers (HWs) that has attracted global scrutiny. To date, several thousand HWs globally have been reported as infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that causes the disease. It is therefore a public health priority for policymakers to understand risk factors for this vulnerable group to avert occupational transmission. A rapid review was carried out on 20 April 2020 on Covid-19 risk factors among HWs in PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost Web (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL with Full Text, APA PsycInfo, Health Source—Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) and WHO Global Database. We also searched for preprints on the medRxiv database. We searched for reports, reviews, and primary observational studies (case control, case cross-over, cross-sectional, and cohort). The review included studies conducted among HWs with Covid-19 that reported risk factors irrespective of their sample size. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Lack of personal protective equipment, exposure to infected patients, work overload, poor infection control, and preexisting medical conditions were identified as risk factors for Covid-19 among HWs. In the context of Covid-19, HWs face an unprecedented occupational risk of morbidity and mortality. There is need for rapid development of sustainable measures that protect HWs from the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32995051/ doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.06.001 id: cord-300167-5vxo6wqt author: Mi, Bobin title: Serum Mycoplasma Pneumoniae IgG in COVID-19: A Protective Factor date: 2020-04-17 words: 715.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300167-5vxo6wqt.txt summary: Abstract Background: A correlation between prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positive) and better clinical response to COVID-19 was elusive. Furthermore, requirement and use of a nasal catheter or oxygen mask was significantly lower in COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity (p=0.029). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mycoplasma IgG positivity is a potential protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report a correlation between prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positivity) and better clinical response to COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20060079 doi: medRxiv preprint p=0.006) than COVID-19 infected patients without mycoplasma lgG. Furthermore, requirement and use of a nasal catheter or oxygen mask was significantly lower in COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity (p=0.029), suggesting a better prognosis. Patients with prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positive) showed stronger resistance and better recovery from the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection than patients without exposure. abstract: Abstract Background: A correlation between prior exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (IgG positive) and better clinical response to COVID-19 was elusive. Methods: A retrospective review of all COVID-19 infected patients treated at Wuhan Union Hospital from Feb 1 to Mar 20 was carried out. Continuous variables were described as mean, median, and interquartile range (IQR), while categorical variables were compared by X2 test or Fisher's exact test between COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG (-) and mycoplasma lgG (+). Results: Statistically significant differences were shown in terms of laboratory test results. COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity had a higher lymphocyte count and percentage (p=0.026, p=0.017), monocyte count and percentage (p=0.028, p=0.006) and eosinophil count and percentage (p=0.039, p=0.007), and a lower neutrophil count and percentage (p=0.044, p=0.006) than COVID-19 infected patients without mycoplasma lgG. Other routine blood tests, including coagulation tests, blood biochemistry and infection-related biomarkers did not significantly differ except for thrombin time (p=0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.008). Furthermore, requirement and use of a nasal catheter or oxygen mask was significantly lower in COVID-19 infected patients with mycoplasma lgG positivity (p=0.029). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that mycoplasma IgG positivity is a potential protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20060079 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.12.20060079 id: cord-293896-dz9lzlqq author: Mian, Hira title: Caring for older adults with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective from the International Forum for Optimizing Care of Older Adults with Myeloma date: 2020-04-17 words: 2311.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293896-dz9lzlqq.txt summary: With regards to prevalence/outcomes of the COVID-19 in adults with MM, there is a paucity of data and, apart from case reports [12] , estimates need to be extrapolated from case series published for other patients with cancer [2, 13, 14] Another retrospective case series, identified anti-tumour receipt within the last 14 days as a significant risk factor for severe events defined as a condition requiring admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death (Hazard Ratio=4.08, 95% CI 1.09-15.32; As clinicians struggle with optimizing care of older adults with MM during this pandemic, decisions regarding dose-reduction, regimen modification/interruption or continuation of therapy will need to be individualized based upon the concept of ''staging the disease'' as well as ''staging the aging,'' while adding in the complexity of the COVID pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32331928/ doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.04.008 id: cord-343819-1uki4b3d author: Mian, Muhammad S title: Pathological Findings and Management of COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Overview of Modern-day Pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 4653.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343819-1uki4b3d.txt summary: We searched using PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus, and their combination with pathological findings, clinical features, management, and treatment to search for relevant published literature. Patients with COVID-19 had pathological findings, like ground-glass opacities, consolidations, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, and interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells. There is currently no recommended treatment for COVID-19, only supportive care like oxygen, and mechanical ventilation is provided to patients in severe respiratory distress [2] . In this review article, we aim to identify and highlight clinical features, pathological and radiological findings, and possible treatment options for COVID-19 patients and to organize the little information we have on this pathogen. Keywords used were novel coronavirus, COVID-19, pathological findings, antivirals, treatment, management, and passive immunity. Based on the studies reviewed, the findings on the CT scan of COVID-19 patients are groundglass opacities, consolidation, crazy paving pattern, and air bronchogram sign. abstract: Today the world is facing one of the deadliest pandemics caused by COVID-19. This highly transmissible virus has an incubation period of 2 to 14 days. It acts by attaching to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) with the help of glycoprotein spikes, which it uses as a receptor. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; rt-PCR) is the gold standard diagnostic test, and chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan are the other main investigations. Several medications and passive immunization are in use to treat the condition. We searched using PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus, and their combination with pathological findings, clinical features, management, and treatment to search for relevant published literature. After the removal of duplications and the selection of only published English literature from the past five years, we had a total of 31 papers to review. Most of the COVID-19 affected patients have mild pneumonia symptoms, and those with severe disease have comorbidities. Patients with COVID-19 had pathological findings, like ground-glass opacities, consolidations, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, and interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells. Radiological changes show lung changes such as consolidations and opacities, and the pathological findings were infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyalinization. Patients with mild symptoms should self-quarantine, whereas those with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are treated in the hospital. Medications under trial include antivirals, antibacterials, antimalarials, and passive immunization. Supportive treatment such as oxygen therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and ventilator support can also be used. The symptoms shown by patients are very mild and self-limiting. There is no definitive treatment, although a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have shown good results, and passive immunization also shows promising results, their safety profile is yet to be studied in detail. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550056/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8136 id: cord-354113-j8odxs1h author: Miao, Congliang title: A comparative multi-centre study on the clinical and imaging features of comfirmed and uncomfirmed patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-03-24 words: 3129.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354113-j8odxs1h.txt summary: Our aim was to compare clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside Hubei province between confirmed and unconfirmed group. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 163 consecutive adult patients with suspected COVID-19 from three tertiary hospitals in two provinces outside Hubei province from January 12, 2020 to February 13, 2020 and the differences in epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared. preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in We retrospectively collected demographic data, medical history, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging characteristics of all suspected patients on admission from medical records. 22.20040782 doi: medRxiv preprint This report demonstrated that the incidence of dry cough in confirmed group was significantly higher than that in unconfirmed group, but the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 were nonspecific. abstract: Background Previous studies had described the differences in clinical characteristics between ICU and non-ICU patients. However, seldom study focused on confirmed and unconfirmed groups. Our aim was to compare clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19 patients outside Hubei province between confirmed and unconfirmed group. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 163 consecutive adult patients with suspected COVID-19 from three tertiary hospitals in two provinces outside Hubei province from January 12, 2020 to February 13, 2020 and the differences in epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared. Results This study enrolled 163 patients with 62 confirmed cases and 101 unconfirmed cases. Most confirmed patients were clustered (31, 50.0%) and with definite epidemiological exposure. Symptoms of COVID-19 were nonspecific, largely fever and dry cough. Laboratory findings in confirmed group were characterized by normal or reduced white blood cell count, reduced the absolute value of lymphocytes, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and accelerated Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The typical chest CT imaging features of patients with confirmed COVID-19 were peripherally distributed multifocal GGO with predominance in the lower lung lobe. Compared with unconfirmed patients, confirmed patients had significantly higher proportion of dry cough, leucopenia, lymphopenia and accelerated ESR (P<0.05); but not with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, and myoglobin (P>0.05). Proportion of peripheral, bilateral or lower lung distribution and multi-lobe involvement, GGO, crazy-paving pattern, air bronchogram and pleural thickening in the confirmed group were also higher (P<0.05). Conclusions Symptoms of COVID-19 were nonspecific. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and ESR, as well as chest CT could be used as a clue for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040782 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.22.20040782 id: cord-295287-j3gm9vpz author: Michard, Frédéric title: Haemodynamic Monitoring and Management in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: An International Survey date: 2020-08-09 words: 2873.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295287-j3gm9vpz.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Despite these pathophysiological considerations, large observational studies published so far focused on lung injury [11] , mentioned myocardial injury and arrhythmia as possible complications [12] , but did not report much information about the haemodynamic status and management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. An electronic survey was designed to investigate current haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in COVID-19 ICU patients, as well as alignment with recent guidelines. From a monitoring standpoint, SvO2 was reported to be frequently measured from central venous catheters, and ultrasounds were reported to be widely used, not only to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and to assess pulmonary oedema. Many respondents used echo not only to assess biventricular function but also to measure cardiac output, to predict fluid responsiveness and to detect lung B lines. abstract: PURPOSE: To survey haemodynamic monitoring and management practices in ICU patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A questionnaire was shared on social networks or via email by the authors and by Anaesthesia and/or Critical Care societies from France, Switzerland, Belgium, Brazil, and Portugal. Intensivists and anaesthetists involved in COVID-19 ICU care were invited to answer 14 questions about haemodynamic monitoring and management. RESULTS: Globally, 1000 questionnaires were available for analysis. Responses came mainly from Europe (n = 460) and America (n = 434). According to respondents, a majority of COVID-19 ICU patients frequently or very frequently received continuous vasopressor support (56%) and had an echocardiography performed (54%). Echocardiography revealed a normal cardiac function, a hyperdynamic state (43%), hypovolaemia (22%), a left ventricular dysfunction (21%) and a right ventricular dilation (20%). Fluid responsiveness was frequently assessed (84%), mainly using echo (62%), and cardiac output was measured in 69%, mostly with echo as well (53%). Venous oxygen saturation was frequently measured (79%), mostly from a CVC blood sample (94%). Tissue perfusion was assessed biologically (93%) and clinically (63%). Pulmonary oedema was detected and quantified mainly using echo (67%) and chest X-ray (61%). CONCLUSION: Our survey confirms that vasopressor support is not uncommon in COVID-19 ICU patients and suggests that different cardiac function phenotypes may be observed. Ultrasounds were used by many respondents, to assess cardiac function but also to predict fluid responsiveness and quantify pulmonary oedema. Although we observed regional differences, current international guidelines were apparently followed by most respondents. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32781167/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.08.001 id: cord-303690-8h58rmwk author: Michelozzi, Paola title: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 date: 2020-05-14 words: 1944.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303690-8h58rmwk.txt summary: title: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 Data from the rapid mortality surveillance system in 19 major Italian cities were used to carry out a timely assessment of the health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Since 2004, Italy has had a rapid mortality surveillance system (SiSMG) for real-time monitoring of daily deaths in major Italian cities and allows routine evaluation of the health impact of extreme events and influenza epidemics [3, 4] . Briefly, SiSMG is based on an ad hoc daily flow of mortality data (resident population by age and sex) from local Municipal Registry Offices to the Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Authority -ASL Roma 1 (DEPLAZIO) which manages the system on behalf of the Ministry of Health [5, 6] . Figure 2 shows excess mortality by sex and age groups among cities in the north and in the centre and south of Italy caused by the COVID-19 outbreak up until 3 April 2020. abstract: Data from the rapid mortality surveillance system in 19 major Italian cities were used to carry out a timely assessment of the health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. By 18 April, a + 45% excess in mortality was observed, with a higher impact in the north of the country (+ 76%). The excess was greatest among men, with an increasing trend by age. Surveillance data can be used to evaluate the lockdown and re-opening phases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32431289/ doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000620 id: cord-265172-rn9pkk52 author: Michiwaki, Yuhei title: Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report date: 2020-10-09 words: 2430.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265172-rn9pkk52.txt summary: title: Emergent carotid artery stenting following intravenous alteplase infusion after rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay: A case report Conclusions This case report suggests that eCAS for hAIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase can be an effective treatment, along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. This case report suggests that eCAS for hAIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase can be an effective treatment, along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a standard treatment procedure for internal carotid artery stenosis (ICS) 8 ; however, the efficacy and safety of emergent CAS (eCAS) for hyperacute ischemic stroke (hAIS) due to ICS have not been sufficiently established. This case report demonstrates that eCAS for AIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase infusion can be an effective treatment option along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. abstract: Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a rapid screening method for COVID-19 detection is needed to decide the appropriate strategy to treat stroke patients. In acute ischemic stroke treatment, the efficacy and safety of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) for hyperacute ischemic stroke (hAIS) due to internal carotid artery stenosis (ICS) have not been sufficiently established. Case Description A 71-year-old man with hAIS caused by severe ICS was treated via intravenous alteplase infusion. The patient underwent screening for COVID-19 by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay shortly after arrival at our institution. The LAMP result was obtained within 90 minutes, during intravenous alteplase infusion, and turned out to be negative. The symptom of hemiplegia worsened during alteplase infusion, and he, therefore, underwent eCAS after administration of aspirin (200 mg). Recanalization was achieved successfully by eCAS, and dual antiplatelet therapy and argatroban were administrated following eCAS. Hemorrhagic complications or re-stenosis/occlusion of the carotid artery were not observed. He was discharged without neurological deficits 15 days following eCAS. Because of the rapid negative diagnosis for COVID-19 using the LAMP method, eCAS could be performed following standard procedures, along with infectious defense, without delay. Conclusions This case report suggests that eCAS for hAIS due to ICS following intravenous alteplase can be an effective treatment, along with appropriate antiplatelet medication and management in select patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the LAMP assay for COVID-19 detection might be a suitable diagnostic strategy preceding stroke treatment because of the rapid turnaround time. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.166 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.166 id: cord-325161-6ghu34m1 author: Michot, Jean-Marie title: Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report date: 2020-04-02 words: 1011.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325161-6ghu34m1.txt summary: The pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related to coronavirus involves a cytokine storm with high serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma, IL-1 and IL-12, and IL-8 [1] [2] [3] [4] . We report here the case of a patient with a respiratory failure linked to Covid-19 who had a rapid favorable outcome after two infusions of the anti-interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab. Clinical trials are also required to explore whether tocilizumab can be used effectively in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and to investigate at what stage of the disease this treatment could be the most appropriate. Here we report the first successful treatment of a patient with respiratory failure related to Covid-19 and treated with tocilizumab. We report the first observation of a patient with severe Covid-19-related lung disease successfully treated with anti-interleukin 6 receptor treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753420363870?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.300 id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 words: 6318.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate personal protective equipment is needed to reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. Otolaryngology groups are recommending a higher level of personal protective equipment for aerosol-generating procedures than public health agencies. The objective of the review was to provide evidence that a.) demonstrates which otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, and that b.) clarifies whether the higher level of PPE advocated by otolaryngology groups is justified. MAIN BODY: Health care workers in China who performed tracheotomy during the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic had 4.15 times greater odds of contracting the virus than controls who did not perform tracheotomy (95% CI 2.75–7.54). No other studies provide direct epidemiological evidence of increased aerosolized transmission of viruses during otolaryngology procedures. Experimental evidence has shown that electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling can create aerosolized biological particles. The viral load of COVID-19 is highest in the upper aerodigestive tract, increasing the likelihood that aerosols generated during procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract of infected patients would carry viral material. Cough and normal breathing create aerosols which may increase the risk of transmission during outpatient procedures. A significant proportion of individuals infected with COVID-19 may not have symptoms, raising the likelihood of transmission of the disease to inadequately protected health care workers from patients who do not have probable or confirmed infection. Powered air purifying respirators, if used properly, provide a greater level of filtration than N95 masks and thus may reduce the risk of transmission. CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect evidence suggests that a large number of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery procedures are aerosol generating. Otolaryngologists are likely at high risk of contracting COVID-19 during aerosol generating procedures because they are likely exposed to high viral loads in patients infected with the virus. Based on the precautionary principle, even though the evidence is not definitive, adopting enhanced personal protective equipment protocols is reasonable based on the evidence. Further research is needed to clarify the risk associated with performing various procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the degree to which various personal protective equipment reduces the risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393346/ doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00424-7 id: cord-292561-iy06b9h9 author: Miesbach, Wolfgang title: COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation date: 2020-07-17 words: 4889.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292561-iy06b9h9.txt summary: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. 5 While most patients show only mild symptoms, 6 a characteristic feature of COVID-19 is that a proportion of patients develop severe complications within a short time after infection, such as adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS) or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis followed by organ failure, and death. 15 These laboratory changes are consistent with previous studies which showed that hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and C-reactive protein 4 mg/dL were the predictive factors for the progression of pneumonia to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV-infected patients and that elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were associated with hospital-acquired infection with SARS-CoV. abstract: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. Among other factors and direct viral effects, the increase in the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, the decrease in the vasodilator angiotensin, and the sepsis-induced release of cytokines can trigger a coagulopathy in COVID-19. A coagulopathy has been reported in up to 50% of patients with severe COVID-19 manifestations. An increase in d-dimer is the most significant change in coagulation parameters in severe COVID-19 patients, and progressively increasing values can be used as a prognostic parameter indicating a worse outcome. Limited data suggest a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in up to 40% of patients, despite the use of a standard dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in most cases. In addition, pulmonary microvascular thrombosis has been reported and may play a role in progressive lung failure. Prophylactic LMWH has been recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH), but the best effective dosage is uncertain. Adapted to the individual risk of thrombosis and the d-dimer value, higher doses can be considered, especially since bleeding events in COVID-19 are rare. Besides the anticoagulant effect of LMWH, nonanticoagulant properties such as the reduction in interleukin 6 release have been shown to improve the complex picture of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620938149 doi: 10.1177/1076029620938149 id: cord-317811-mxsujb5u author: Migliaccio, Raffaella title: Dementia and COVID-19 Lockdown: More Than a Double Blow for Patients and Caregivers date: 2020-07-06 words: 2660.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317811-mxsujb5u.txt summary: In dementia research and in clinical practice, the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important challenge, not only for neurological staff and researchers, but above all for patients and their caregivers. During normal times, patients affected by dementia are very vulnerable people and are hugely dependent on family or professional caregivers in their everyday life. This situation can come after waiting for months for a suitable therapist for cognitive rehabilitation, for appointments with physicians, and for a place in a dementia care unit which will stimulate patients and give their families a break. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with dementia living in nursing homes show several additional problems. In this context of dementia, COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, and social isolation, one of my patients'' wife died during her sleep. abstract: In dementia research and in clinical practice, the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important challenge, not only for neurological staff and researchers, but above all for patients and their caregivers. It is important that the medical staff demonstrate flexibility, open-mindedness, and humanity when following patients and caregivers. It seems inevitable that caregivers will pay the highest price during this crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-200193 doi: 10.3233/adr-200193 id: cord-339701-j0sr3ifq author: Mikami, Takahisa title: Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City date: 2020-06-30 words: 3406.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339701-j0sr3ifq.txt summary: PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in ambulatory and inpatient settings and identify risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: New York City emerged as an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality in a large patient population in the USA. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: 6493 patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with clinical outcomes between March 13 and April 17, 2020, who were seen in one of the 8 hospitals and/or over 400 ambulatory practices in the New York City metropolitan area MAIN MEASURES: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. KEY RESULTS: A total of 858 of 6493 (13.2%) patients in our total cohort died: 52/2785 (1.9%) ambulatory patients and 806/3708 (21.7%) hospitalized patients. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling showed an increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with age older than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, CI 1.47–3.71), systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (HR 1.38, CI 1.06–1.80), a respiratory rate greater than 24 per min (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.83), peripheral oxygen saturation less than 92% (HR 2.12, CI 1.56–2.88), estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2) (HR 1.80, CI 1.60–2.02), IL-6 greater than 100 pg/mL (HR 1.50, CI 1.12–2.03), D-dimer greater than 2 mcg/mL (HR 1.19, CI 1.02–1.39), and troponin greater than 0.03 ng/mL (HR 1.40, CI 1.23–1.62). Decreased risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with female sex (HR 0.84, CI 0.77–0.90), African American race (HR 0.78 CI 0.65–0.95), and hydroxychloroquine use (HR 0.53, CI 0.41–0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with COVID-19, older age, male sex, hypotension, tachypnea, hypoxia, impaired renal function, elevated D-dimer, and elevated troponin were associated with increased in-hospital mortality and hydroxychloroquine use was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607928/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z id: cord-285731-nr7fmydo author: Mikhael, Ehab Mudher title: Can developing countries face novel coronavirus outbreak alone? The Iraqi situation date: 2020-11-30 words: 1722.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285731-nr7fmydo.txt summary: Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1] : A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2] , the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3] , a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4] , a low level of public awareness [5] , a shortage in hygiene preparations and [6] a high rate of antibiotic resistance in case of secondary bacterial infection. Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1] : A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2] , the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3] , a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4] , a low level of public awareness [5] , a shortage in hygiene preparations and [6] a high rate of antibiotic resistance in case of secondary bacterial infection. abstract: Abstract Iraq is one of seven Arabic countries (Lebanon, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia) that acquired novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) via people who have visited Iran recently. Iraqi outdated public healthcare settings are already overwhelmed with many acute injuries from ongoing unrest. Iraq faces six challenges in controlling COVID-19 [1]: A shortage in number of quarantine facilities [2], the availability of the testing which is limited to one governmental lab only in Baghdad [3], a shortage in personal protective equipment (PPE) and ambulances [4], a low level of public awareness [5], a shortage in hygiene preparations and [6] a high rate of antibiotic resistance in case of secondary bacterial infection. Thus, Iraq alone cannot control such a rapidly emerging outbreak and needs help from the international community and the World Health Organization (WHO) to prepare additional medical labs, establish high standard quarantine facilities and provide medical equipment for healthcare professionals. On its side, Iraq needs to impose more restrictions on travel from countries with a COVID-19 outbreak as other countries have done. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535220300033 doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100004 id: cord-353840-yb6qi4rg author: Miki, Kosuke title: Association between cardiovascular manifestation and COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 261.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353840-yb6qi4rg.txt summary: key: cord-353840-yb6qi4rg authors: Miki, Kosuke; Imamura, Teruhiko cord_uid: yb6qi4rg To the editor, Cardiovascular manifestation is receiving great concern as both cause and result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 1 Chen et al systemically observed the association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular status including myocardial injury, blood pressure, and arrhythmia. Measurement of QRS duration would let us assess the electrocardiographic myocardial injury. The second concern is a time course of COVID-19 in their study. Some patients might have progressed from severe status to critical status, and others might have died. The third concern is an intervention to the cardiovascular system. They showed that myocardial injury was an independent risk factor of critical status. Aggressive treatment using anti-heart failure agents including beta-blocker might prevent the progression of COVID-19. Email: teimamu@med.u-toyama.ac.jp ORCID Teruhiko Imamura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-7637 COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular manifestations in severe and critical patients with COVID-19 The role of cardiovascular imaging for myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23423 doi: 10.1002/clc.23423 id: cord-291417-p49ukyhx author: Mikulska, Malgorzata title: Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-08-20 words: 4441.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291417-p49ukyhx.txt summary: METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. We hypothesized that outcomes such as no need for intubation and survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in whom tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone were administered in addition to standard of care (SOC) could be better than in those who received only SOC. In this observational study in non-intubated patients with mainly severe COVID-19 pneumonia, the early addition of tocilizumab and/or methylprednisolone to SOC resulted in adjusted failure-free survival of 86.5% and 80.8% at day 14 and 30, which was, respectively, 10.7% and 16.7% higher than in SOC patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome. METHODS: This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24(th), also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HR(OW)). RESULTS: Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30–100) and median PaO(2)/FiO(2) 200 mmHg (IQR 133–289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n = 29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n = 45, 34.6%), or both (n = 56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8–86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3–74.0), HR(OW) 0.48, 95%CI, 0.23–0.99; p = 0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7–92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46–73), HR(OW) 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19–0.89, p = 0.025. CONCLUSION: Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237831 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237831 id: cord-351666-q7dqsl7n author: Milani, Fabio title: COVID-19 outbreak, social response, and early economic effects: a global VAR analysis of cross-country interdependencies date: 2020-08-19 words: 9182.0 sentences: 548.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351666-q7dqsl7n.txt summary: 2 In my global framework, for each country, COVID-19 cases can affect risk perceptions about the virus, which can trigger a social distancing response. The paper exploits a variety of newly available datasets to study the interrelationship between health shocks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic, people''s real-time perceptions about coronavirus risk, the extent of their social distancing response, and unemployment. 7 In the analysis, the number k * i is also equal to 4, as the vector x * i,t contains the country-specific global counterparts for the same variables in x i,t , i.e., the growth rate of COVID-19 cases, coronavirus risk perceptions, social mobility, and unemployment. Figures 4 and 5 show the impulse response functions for all countries in the sample for the risk perception and social distancing variables to a one-standard-deviation COVID shock originating in Italy. abstract: This paper studies the social and economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in a large sample of countries. I stress, in particular, the importance of countries’ interconnections to understand the spread of the virus. I estimate a global VAR model and exploit a dataset on existing social connections across country borders. I show that social networks help explain not only the spread of the disease but also cross-country spillovers in perceptions about coronavirus risk and in social distancing behavior. In the early phases of the pandemic, perceptions of coronavirus risk in most countries are affected by pandemic shocks originating in Italy. Later, the USA, Spain, and the UK play sizable roles. Social distancing responses to domestic and global health shocks are heterogeneous; however, they almost always exhibit delays and sluggish adjustments. Unemployment responses vary widely across countries. Unemployment is particularly responsive to health shocks in the USA and Spain, while unemployment fluctuFations are attenuated almost everywhere else. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32839640/ doi: 10.1007/s00148-020-00792-4 id: cord-278672-pxzsntfg author: Milenkovic, Aleksandar title: Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-16 words: 4609.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt summary: During outbreaks, especially those with a pandemic character, the following key activities [1] which are updated with COVID-19 strategy [2] have been identified whose strict implementation has an impact on the reduction of number of infected people and suppression of the spread of epidemic: 6 . This paper presents the adaptation and extension of existing medical information system (MIS) as an efficient response to the rapid COVID-19 epidemic spread, mostly through influencing the reduction of social contacts and earliest possible identification of potentially infected persons. According to the research findings the integration of patient self-triage tools into electronic health record (EHR) systems has a great potential in improving the triage efficiency and preventing unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed subsystem for the use of existing data from MIS MEDIS.NET in the education of students at the Faculty of Medicine and newly employed workers, as well as for medical research [47] , enables tracking and studying the COVID-19 disease at this stage. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is the reduction of the COVID-19 pandemic spread by increasing the degree of social distancing by using and upgrading the existing Medical Information System (MIS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The existing MIS MEDIS.NET, currently used in the largest health center in the Balkans, has been adapted and further developed. RESULTS: During the adaptation of existing MIS MEDIS.NET 4 new and 9 existing modules were developed. A quick questionnaire for the smart triage of patients was also implemented. DISCUSSION: The adapted MIS successfully influenced the reduction of social contacts within the Health Center Nis. The need for the arrival of children and their parents to receive appropriate health certificates for the school enrolment is reduced. The therapy of chronic patients has been prolonged for 6 months via an electronic prescription. An online service for the communication between patients and the chosen physicians is provided. Possible social contacts and exposure to the viral environment of patients are reduced by making appointments in extended slots and at determined physical locations. Patients are notified per SMS or email about the availability of chosen and physician on duty. The social distancing of patients and physicians is also established by sending laboratory analyses per email or SMS. Keeping the central registry for COVID-19 is enabled throughout the country. CONCLUSION: The smart adaptation of MIS, and its collaboration with other state systems can significantly influence the reduction of social contacts and thus mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505620305700?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104224 id: cord-253910-pmurx4jh author: Miles, David title: “Stay at Home, Protect the National Health Service, Save Lives”: a cost benefit analysis of the lockdown in the United Kingdom date: 2020-08-13 words: 6375.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253910-pmurx4jh.txt summary: We calibrate estimates of the economic costs as different % loss in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) against possible benefits of avoiding life years lost, for different scenarios where current COVID‐19 mortality and comorbidity rates were used to calculate the loss in life expectancy and adjusted for their levels of poor health and quality of life. All rights reserved We selected 10 European countries with populations over five million and average income/person over £15,000/year and examine the relation between the outcomes of the excess death as reported in Human Mortality Database of the University of California (5) and the different levels of lockdown as calculated and reported as a composite measure based on nine response indicators including school closures, workplace closures, hospitality venue closures and travel bans, in the Government Response Stringency from Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford (6) to see if there were any clear relationships. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed lives across the world. In the UK, a public health driven policy of population ‘lockdown’ has had enormous personal and economic impact. METHODS: We compare UK response and outcomes with European countries of similar income and healthcare resources. We calibrate estimates of the economic costs as different % loss in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) against possible benefits of avoiding life years lost, for different scenarios where current COVID‐19 mortality and comorbidity rates were used to calculate the loss in life expectancy and adjusted for their levels of poor health and quality of life. We then apply a quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) value of £30,000 (maximum under national guidelines). RESULTS: There was a rapid spread of cases and significant variation both in severity and timing of both implementation and subsequent reductions in social restrictions. There was less variation in the trajectory of mortality rates and excess deaths, which have fallen across all countries during May/June 2020. The average age at death and life expectancy loss for non‐COVID‐19 was 79.1 and 11.4 years respectively while COVID‐19 were 80.4 and 10.1 years; including adjustments for life‐shortening comorbidities and quality of life plausibly reduces this to around 5 QALY lost for each COVID‐19 death. The lowest estimate for lockdown costs incurred was 40% higher than highest benefits from avoiding the worst mortality case scenario at full life expectancy tariff and in more realistic estimations they were over 5 times higher. Future scenarios showed in the best case a QALY value of £220k (7xNICE guideline) and in the worst‐case £3.7m (125xNICE guideline) was needed to justify the continuation of lockdown. CONCLUSION: This suggests that the costs of continuing severe restrictions are so great relative to likely benefits in lives saved that a rapid easing in restrictions is now warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32790942/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13674 id: cord-350182-s10nong7 author: Milionis, Charalampos title: A brief analysis and hypotheses about the risk of COVID-19 for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus date: 2020-07-20 words: 2733.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350182-s10nong7.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection which is caused by a novel virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family [1] and is officially named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The existence of diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 in case of infection with SARS-CoV-2 [24, 25] . The present article supports that heightened inflammatory processes constitute the main pathophysiologic factor for the severity of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes mellitus, whilst impairments in immune response and diabetic comorbidities contribute to the aggravated pathogenesis. Yet it remains unclear whether the innate immune response is vitally impaired in both types of diabetes mellitus and whether hyperglycaemia favours the initial virulence of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus may present dysfunctional type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction and abnormal complement activation [35] which may hinder the immune response. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease which firstly occurred in Wuhan, China and evolved rapidly around the globe. The causative pathogen is a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 with genomic similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The disease is transmitted among humans either through direct contact or via droplets from sneeze or cough. Most infected persons remain asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but some patients may develop severe clinical features, including pneumonia, respiratory failure, sepsis and even death. People of advanced age and/or with underlying diseases (including diabetes mellitus) are at greater risk. The innate and adaptive immune system are responsible for protecting the body against viral infection. Nevertheless, it is assumed that SARS-CoV-2 interferes with the immune system through immunomodulating mechanisms which intensify its pathogenesis. A delayed or reduced response of the innate immune system is critical for the development of pathogenesis of the virus. People with diabetes are more likely to develop severe symptoms of COVID-19. The present article speculates that special aspects of the immune dysfunction caused by chronic hyperglycaemia is the main reason for this susceptibility. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00592-3 doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00592-3 id: cord-293986-skp6tiun author: Millard, Hun title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings date: 2020-07-24 words: 1136.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293986-skp6tiun.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Psychiatric Patients: Impact of Variability in Testing on Length of Hospital Stay and Disposition Back to Congregate Care Settings 184• Coronavirus (COVID) impact on hospital psychiatric inpatient units; 184• Testing versus symptom based strategies that impact psychiatric inpatient treatment; 184• Challenges in discharging medically and psychiatrically stable COVID patients back to their congregate care living facilities. While frontline healthcare workers have provided heroic treatment to those seriously ill from COVID, clinical care has also been altered for a subset of hospital patients who test positive but are asymptomatic. There has been a growing number of patients who live in community congregate care settings who face a unique barrier to discharge even after reaching psychiatric stability because of their COVID positive status. Due to variability in testing and reluctance of congregate care facilities to accept COVID patients back into the community, the authors experienced many cases in which hospital discharge was delayed anywhere from 7 to 47 days. abstract: 184• Coronavirus (COVID) impact on hospital psychiatric inpatient units; 184• Testing versus symptom based strategies that impact psychiatric inpatient treatment; 184• Challenges in discharging medically and psychiatrically stable COVID patients back to their congregate care living facilities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120320096 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113324 id: cord-300729-35meen0h author: Miller, Aaron title: Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study date: 2020-03-28 words: 2744.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300729-35meen0h.txt summary: Most of the countries with low-income levels (17/18) reported zero deaths attributed to COVID-19 and have universal BCG policies in place consistent with a protective role of BCG vaccination. In contrast, middle high and high income countries that never had a universal BCG policy (5 countries) had a larger mortality rate, with 16.39 ± 7.33 deaths per million people. We wondered if countries that established a universal BCG policy earlier would have a reduced mortality rate, as older people that are more severely affected by COVID-19 would be protected. Consistent with a role of BCG in slowing spread of COVID-19, middle high and high income countries that never had a universal BCG policy (5 countries) had about 4 times the number of cases per million inhabitants, with 264.90± 134.88. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 : Higher number of COVID-19 cases were presented in countries that never implemented a universal BCG vaccination policy. abstract: COVID-19 has spread to most countries in the world. Puzzlingly, the impact of the disease is different in different countries. These differences are attributed to differences in cultural norms, mitigation efforts, and health infrastructure. Here we propose that national differences in COVID-19 impact could be partially explained by the different national policies respect to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) childhood vaccination. BCG vaccination has been reported to offer broad protection to respiratory infections. We compared large number of countries BCG vaccination policies with the morbidity and mortality for COVID-19. We found that countries without universal policies of BCG vaccination (Italy, Nederland, USA) have been more severely affected compared to countries with universal and long-standing BCG policies. Countries that have a late start of universal BCG policy (Iran, 1984) had high mortality, consistent with the idea that BCG protects the vaccinated elderly population. We also found that BCG vaccination also reduced the number of reported COVID-19 cases in a country. The combination of reduced morbidity and mortality makes BCG vaccination a potential new tool in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937 id: cord-355447-0xuzolt3 author: Miller, D. J. title: Leveraging wearable technology to predict the risk of COVID-19 infection. date: 2020-06-19 words: 3739.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355447-0xuzolt3.txt summary: A total of 271 individuals (age = 37.3 {+/-} 9.5, 190 male, 81 female) who experienced symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were included 81 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 190 tested negative; these 271 individuals collectively contributed 2672 samples (days) of data (1856 healthy days, 231 while infected with COVID-19 and 585 while infected with something other than COVID-19). Using the training dataset, a model was developed to estimate the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on changes in respiratory rate during night-time sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a novel algorithm to classify changes in respiratory rate as indicative of COVID-19 infection immediately prior to and during the first days of symptoms and to evaluate the model''s robustness to instances of similar clinical presentations with differing etiology. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a novel algorithm to classify changes in respiratory rate, as indicative of COVID-19 infection immediately prior to and during the first days of symptoms. abstract: COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can cause shortness of breath, lung damage, and impaired respiratory function. Containing the virus has proven difficult, in large part due to its high transmissibility during the pre-symptomatic incubation. The study's aim was to determine if changes in respiratory rate could serve as a leading indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infections. A total of 271 individuals (age = 37.3 {+/-} 9.5, 190 male, 81 female) who experienced symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were included - 81 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 190 tested negative; these 271 individuals collectively contributed 2672 samples (days) of data (1856 healthy days, 231 while infected with COVID-19 and 585 while infected with something other than COVID-19). To train a novel algorithm, individuals were segmented as follows; (1) a training dataset of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 (n=57 people, 537 samples); (2) a validation dataset of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 (n=24 people, 320 samples) ; (3) a validation dataset of individuals who tested negative for COVID-19 (n=190 people, 1815 samples). All data was extracted from the WHOOP system, which uses data from a wrist-worn strap to produce validated estimates of respiratory rate and other physiological measures. Using the training dataset, a model was developed to estimate the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on changes in respiratory rate during night-time sleep. The model's ability to identify COVID-positive individuals not used in training and robustness against COVID-negative individuals with similar symptoms were examined for a critical six-day period spanning the onset of symptoms. The model identified 20% of COVID-19 positive individuals in the validation dataset in the two days prior to symptom onset, and 80% of COVID-19 positive cases by the third day of symptoms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20131417v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20131417 id: cord-342121-ff4fpsq8 author: Miller, Eric D. title: Loneliness in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 words: 1444.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342121-ff4fpsq8.txt summary: For as much attention that this disease has rightfully focused on the elderly, individuals can experience different developmental challenges with loneliness throughout the lifespan including adolescence and young adulthood (Luhmann and Hawkley, 2016) -and, indeed, there is already evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst Chinese youth in the wake of this pandemic (Liang et al., 2020) . Social distancing and isolation are critical to preventing the transmission of this highly contagious virus; yet, these are acts that are intrinsically linked with various adverse psychological effects including loneliness and adherence to these sorts of strategies are likely to decrease over time (Armitage and Nellums, 2020; Galea et al., 2020) . Psychological theory, practice, and research must accordingly work to address what will likely be an everburgeoning loneliness crisis in the coming years as a result of this pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071848/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02219 id: cord-310026-j418v75n author: Miller, Jemima H. title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients date: 2020-10-20 words: 1175.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310026-j418v75n.txt summary: title: Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic isolation measures on the rate of non–COVID-19 infections in hematology patients Hematology inpatients admitted between January 24 and May 23 (inclusive) for 2019 and 2020 were included in the study, a 4-month period from when the first patient with COVID-19 in Australia was admitted to Monash Health (January 24, 2020) and the equivalent dates the year prior to minimize effects of seasonal variation. The difference in infection rates was statistically significant for respiratory PCR (20.27% vs 10.90%; P = .01) but not for fecal PCR (8.00% vs 6.76%; P = 1.00) or blood cultures (3.27% vs 3.41%; P = .88) ( Table 1) . The percentage of positive respiratory PCR results was significantly lower in 2020 than 2019, when the hospital implemented changes in infection control practices and visitor restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Appendix 1 online). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1279 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.1279 id: cord-355892-9kkqmm6h author: Miller, Larry E. title: Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-10-02 words: 3489.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355892-9kkqmm6h.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with Covid-19 in China and to identify factors that may potentially influence this rate. We performed systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for observational studies that reported the mortality rate of hospitalized patients in China with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19. For each study, we recorded metadata, patient characteristics (age, sex, comorbidities, presenting symptoms), study characteristics (sample size, number and location of participating hospitals, study design, Covid-19 diagnosis method, range of diagnosis dates), treatment data, risk of bias elements, and mortality rates. In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. abstract: BACKGROUND: The mortality rate associated with Covid-19 varies considerably among studies and determinants of this variability are not well characterized. METHODS: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published through March 31, 2020 was performed to estimate the mortality rate among hospitalized patients in China with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19. Hospital mortality rates were estimated using an inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analysis model. Funnel plot symmetry was evaluated for small-study effects, a one-study removed sensitivity analysis assessed the influence of individual studies on the pooled mortality rate, and metaregression assessed the association of potential confounding variables with mortality rates. RESULTS: The review included 16 observational studies involving 1832 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of Covid-19. The surveillance period among studies ranged from December 16, 2019 to February 23, 2020. The median patient age was 53 years and 53% were males. A total of 38.5% of patients presented with at least 1 comorbidity, most commonly hypertension (24.0%), cardiac disease (15.1%), and diabetes mellitus (14.4%). Fever and cough, reported in 84.8% and 61.7% of patients respectively, were the most common patient symptoms. The pooled mortality rate was 9.9% (95% confidence interval 6.1% to 14.5%). Funnel plot asymmetry was not observed and the meta-analysis results were not substantially influenced by any single study since the pooled mortality rate ranged from 8.9% to 11.1% following iterative removal of one study at a time. Substantial heterogeneity in the mortality rate was identified among studies (I (2) = 87%; P < .001). In a metaregression that included demographics, patient risk factors, and presenting symptoms, only a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher mortality rate (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of hospitalized patients in China with a diagnosis of Covid-19, the mortality rate was 9.9% and a higher diabetes mellitus prevalence was independently associated with a worse prognosis. The independent influence of diabetes mellitus with Covid-19 mortality should be viewed as hypothesis-generating and warrants further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022439 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022439 id: cord-281391-0qkku2jd author: Miller-Handley, Hilary title: Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date: 2020-09-17 words: 4720.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt summary: COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Because of these findings, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were used as early therapies in the treatment of COVID-19, and its use was further propagated by a small, retrospective, biased study from France with 36 patients which showed decrease in viral burden, and improved outcomes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine [17] . A retrospective study from the Veterans Affairs, looked at hospitalized patients who received hydroxychloroquine and showed no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine reduced the risk of progression of disease including mechanical ventilation and death [20] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Currently the only role for therapy is treatment of the disease, as opposed to post-exposure prophylaxis, however multiple clinical trials are currently ongoing for both treatment and prophylaxis. Treating COVID-19 relies on two components; the first is inhibition of the viral entrance and replication within the body and the second is inhibition of an exacerbated immune response which can be seen in patients with severe disease. Many drugs have shown in vitro antiviral activity, however clinical trials have not been as promising. Remdesivir has shown a shortening in the time to recovery in hospitalized adults, however currently no mortality benefit demonstrated. Dexamethasone has shown improved mortality in patients requiring respiratory support, but not otherwise. Current research is ongoing in immunomodulation with monoclonal antibodies including interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonists and Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors. This review summarizes the current data for the most commonly used drugs for COVID-19, and will cover the unique factors that may affect the dosing of these medications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While clinical trials are ongoing, most are in patients with normal kidney function. During a pandemic when patients with CKD are at higher risk of both infection and death, it is imperative to include patients these patients in the clinical trials. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1548559520301336?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.09.001 id: cord-326744-eled2tgo author: Millett, Gregorio A. title: White Counties Stand Apart: The Primacy of Residential Segregation in COVID-19 and HIV Diagnoses date: 2020-10-01 words: 3228.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326744-eled2tgo.txt summary: 28 Attributing racial disparities to underlying conditions implicitly blames communities of color for COVID-19 disparities due to poor health decisions; but there is ample literature showing how social determinants contribute to worse health outcomes in communities of color, 29 including well-cited HIV research studies of youth, gay men, and PWID, which show that HIV disparities persist in black communities despite similar or fewer behavioral risks than whites. A CDC demonstration project that scaled up HIV testing efforts in black and Latino communities in the District of Columbia dramatically reduced the proportion of concurrent AIDS diagnoses at first positive test; 46 and encouraging data from a recent study 35 show shifts in COVID-19 testing from wealthier and white neighborhoods to poorer and more diverse neighborhoods in cities initially hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Emerging epidemiological data suggest that white Americans have a lower risk of acquiring COVID-19. Although many studies have pointed to the role of systemic racism in COVID-19 racial/ethnic disparities, few studies have examined the contribution of racial segregation. Residential segregation is associated with differing health outcomes by race/ethnicity for various diseases, including HIV. This commentary documents differing HIV and COVID-19 outcomes and service delivery by race/ethnicity and the crucial role of racial segregation. Using publicly available Census data, we divide US counties into quintiles by percentage of non-Hispanic white residents and examine HIV diagnoses and COVID-19 per 100,000 population. HIV diagnoses decrease as the proportion of white residents increase across US counties. COVID-19 diagnoses follow a similar pattern: Counties with the highest proportion of white residents have the fewest cases of COVID-19 irrespective of geographic region or state political party inclination (i.e., red or blue states). Moreover, comparatively fewer COVID-19 diagnoses have occurred in primarily white counties throughout the duration of the US COVID-19 pandemic. Systemic drivers place racial minorities at greater risk for COVID-19 and HIV. Individual-level characteristics (e.g., underlying health conditions for COVID-19 or risk behavior for HIV) do not fully explain excess disease burden in racial minority communities. Corresponding interventions must use structural- and policy-level solutions to address racial and ethnic health disparities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32833494/ doi: 10.1089/apc.2020.0155 id: cord-329384-uvgwth5n author: Milligan, Gregory P. title: Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in COVID-19 Related Respiratory Illness date: 2020-05-11 words: 537.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329384-uvgwth5n.txt summary: COVID-19, coronavirus, Right ventricular failure, Heart failure, Acute cor pulmonale, Shock, ARDS The mechanism of ACP in ARDS is established as refractory hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, and microvascular thrombosis acutely increase RV afterload (2) . Alveolar ventilation must be optimized to limit hypoxic vasoconstriction while considering the hemodynamic consequences of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on RV preload and afterload. A pulmonary arterial catheter may limit comorbid cardiogenic edema while also aiding in optimization of RV preload, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance for which inotropic support and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators should be considered. This requires optimization and support for perhaps the most impacted side of the heart in critical COVID-19 infections, the right ventricle. 1) The presented work has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration for publication at any other journal. Elevated troponin in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): possible mechanisms Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in COVID-19 abstract: COVID-19, coronavirus, Right ventricular failure, Heart failure, Acute cor pulmonale, Shock, ARDS url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1071916420304978 doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.05.003 id: cord-025971-09u3kn1k author: Mills, William R. title: An Outbreak Preparedness and Mitigation Approach in Home Health and Personal Home Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a worldwide pandemic affecting millions of people. The methodology that organizations who provide home health and personal home care services are using to respond to this pandemic has not yet been characterized. In this report, we describe our approach to comprehensive outbreak suppression and report an initial case series of COVID-19 positive patients receiving home-based services. We implemented enhanced infection control procedures across our affiliates, and we communicated these protocols to our offices using multi-faceted methods. Using custom built software applications enabling us to track patient and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission. In the 100-day period between January 20, 2020 and April 30, 2020, our affiliates provided services to 67 COVID-19 positive patients (<0.3% of census). Twenty patients were referred to home health post hospitalization for COVID-19 related illness, whereas 47 were found to have COVID-19 while living in community settings. Of those who were found to have COVID-19 in the community, 17 (39%) required subsequent hospitalization. Hospitalized patients had an average age of 74.5 ± 18, and 53% were male. There were 13 deaths (76%) among those hospitalized from the community with COVID-19 related illness. A highly coordinated and frequently communicated approach to infection control, case identification and employee screening can be performed by home health and personal home care organizations. Studies that further assess risks and predictors of illness severity in home-based COVID-19 patients are needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270573/ doi: 10.1177/1084822320933567 id: cord-301947-b6nwaost author: Millán-Oñate, José title: Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient from Colombia after receiving chloroquine and clarithromycin date: 2020-04-24 words: 3699.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301947-b6nwaost.txt summary: We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported patient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia that recovered in Colombia, after the use of chloroquine and clarithromycin. It is essential to acknowledge that no good controlled data are supporting the use of any of these agents, except for a recent randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, that showed no benefit with lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/RTV) treatment beyond standard care [13] . We present a confirmed case of COVID-19 from Buga, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, that successful recovered of SARS-CoV-2 infection after receiving chloroquine. Although that just based in one case, we cannot recommend the use of these drugs, our patient improved significantly, and his clinical manifestations ceased, including becoming negative for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as observed in the rRT-PCR test. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemics is a challenge for public health and infectious diseases clinicians, especially for the therapeutical approach that is not yet adequately defined. Amid this situation, investigational agents are being used, including chloroquine. We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported patient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia that recovered in Colombia, after the use of chloroquine and clarithromycin. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old male, returning from Spain, presented with complaints of fever, and cough, and class-II obesity, being hospitalized. The respiratory viruses and bacteria tested by FilmArray(®) PCR were negative. Two days later, clarithromycin was started because the patient was suspected as community-acquired pneumonia. At the third day, the rRT-PCR confirmed the SARS-CoV-2 infection. A day later, chloroquine was started because of that. His chest computed tomography was performed and showed bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities with consolidation, which suggested viral pneumonia as a differential diagnosis. Progressively his clinical condition improved and at day 9, patient rRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 became negative. The patient was discharged and isolated at home per 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our patient improved significantly. This and other COVID-19 cases are urgently demanding results from clinical trials that support evidence-based therapeutical approaches to this pandemic and the clinical management of patients, especially those at critical care. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00358-y doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-00358-y id: cord-294840-yo7b2v3k author: Milner, Adrienne title: We Need to Talk About Racism—In All of Its Forms—To Understand COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-09-25 words: 3720.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294840-yo7b2v3k.txt summary: Building on these theories, Adrienne Milner developed an operational typology of white racial ideology that encompasses old-fashioned racism-characterized by the belief that blacks are inherently inferior to whites; institutional/systemic racism-inequities rooted in the practice of social and political institutions; symbolic racism-the belief that black people are responsible for their disadvantaged social position; laissez-faire racism-the notion that blacks'' cultural inferiority is to blame for racial inequality; and color-blind racism-the belief that racism and discrimination are no longer a problem and that equal opportunity exists. 15 In addition to the short-term effects of discrimination, activation of the stress process 16 and unemployment and poverty 17 are strongly linked to a host of chronic disease outcomes, suggesting that COVID-19 might not only reveal existing disparities, but also create new patterns of racial inequality altogether. For example, whites who say, ''''I don''t believe in giving black people access to health care-they should get it themselves but are too lazy to get a job'''' is thought to reflect a laissez-faire racist ideology, an older form of cultural racism. abstract: Purpose: Racism is an essential factor to understand racial health disparities in infection and mortality due to COVID-19 and must be thoroughly integrated into any successful public health response. But highlighting the effect of racism generally does not go far enough toward understanding racial/ethnic health disparities or advocating for change; we must interrogate the various forms of racism in the United States, including behaviors and practices that are not recognized by many as racism. Methods: In this article, we explore the prevalence and demographic distribution of various forms of racism in the United States and how these diverse racial ideologies are potentially associated with racialized responses to the COVID-19 crisis. Results: We find that among white Americans, more than a quarter express traditional racist attitudes, whereas more than half endorse more contemporary and implicit forms of racist ideology. Each of these types of racism helps us explain profound disparities related to COVID-19. Conclusions: Despite a robust literature documenting persistent patterns of racial disparities in the United States, a focus on the role that various forms of racism play in perpetuating these disparities is absent. These distinctions are essential to realizing health equity and countering disparities in COVID-19 and other health outcomes among people of color in the United States. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32999950/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0069 id: cord-284302-odvv2yn3 author: Minagorre, Pedro J. Alcalá title: CAMBIOS A PARTIR DE LA COVID-19. UNA PERSPECTIVA DESDE LA PEDIATRÍA INTERNA HOSPITALARIA date: 2020-06-19 words: 3134.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284302-odvv2yn3.txt summary: Se revisa también la implicación de las unidades pediátricas en la asistencia de adultos y la atención de pacientes crónicos complejos y se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre aspectos de seguridad, consideraciones éticas y docencia de los futuros pediatras durante la crisis. Se revisa también la implicación de las unidades pediátricas en la asistencia de adultos y la atención de pacientes crónicos complejos y se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre aspectos de seguridad, consideraciones éticas y docencia de los futuros pediatras durante la crisis. Pero ante el impacto anual del VRS y la gripe en las unidades de críticos (15, 16) y los posibles rebrotes de COVID-19, se ha de proveer una adecuada disponibilidad de recursos para el conjunto de pacientes afectados. El notable incremento del número de niños con patología crónica compleja en los últimos años obliga a todos los centros a disponer de planes asistenciales específicos para este grupo de pacientes, también en situaciones excepcionales como esta pandemia por COVID-19. abstract: Resumen La dimensión de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2 ha afectado a la organización asistencial de la Pediatría Hospitalaria de nuestro país. Los nuevos retos generados por la COVID-19 exigen una serie de medidas proactivas basadas en los conocimientos científicos existentes y las normas de buena práctica, que permitan la preparación y la mayor operatividad de los servicios pediátricos hospitalarios. La Pediatría Interna Hospitalaria, como responsable de la atención integral del niño hospitalizado, tiene un papel principal en el nuevo modelo de hospital surgido de esta epidemia. En la presente revisión se analiza la repercusión pediátrica que ha tenido la epidemia por SARS-CoV2 y la preparación ante futuros rebrotes, en posible coexistencia con otras infecciones virales. Se revisa también la implicación de las unidades pediátricas en la asistencia de adultos y la atención de pacientes crónicos complejos y se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre aspectos de seguridad, consideraciones éticas y docencia de los futuros pediatras durante la crisis. La Sociedad Española de Pediatría Hospitalaria (SEPHO) pretende con este documento ofrecer a los pediatras internistas hospitalarios una serie de reflexiones y recursos de utilidad en un escenario con muchas incertidumbres. Abstract SARS-CoV2 pandemic dimension has affected the Hospital Pediatrics Medicine assistance in our country. New challenges generated by COVID-19 require a series of proactive measures, based on existing scientific knowledge and standards of good practice, that allow the Pediatric Hospital services readiness and operability. Hospital Internal Pediatrics, as responsible of integral care of the hospitalized child, plays a leading role in the new hospital model emerging from this crisis. This review analyzes the impact of the current SARS-CoV2 epidemic on pediatric care, and perspective of new COVID-19 outbreaks in coexistence with other viral infections. Changes secondary to pandemic involved in Hospital Pediatric units must be analyzed, and how to prepare for future epidemics, also the involvement of pediatric units in adult care and the possible opportunities for improvement. Assistance of patients with chronic complex conditions in epidemic circumstances, safety aspects, opportunities for teaching and ethical considerations are reviewed. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pediatrics Medicine offers with this article a series of resources for Internal Pediatric Medicine practitioners responsible to face next challenges in pediatric hospitalization units. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1695403320302071 doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.06.004 id: cord-322596-vfmzk2el author: Ming, Yi title: Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications date: 2020-07-11 words: 3595.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322596-vfmzk2el.txt summary: Current clinical reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with significant morbidity of cardiovascular diseases and complications, such as hypertension (HTN), myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, and increased heart failure [5, 6] . Based on these theoretical assumptions, it can be concluded that the S protein/host furin/ACE2 signal axis exists in the pathological process of SARS-Cov-S2 infection and mediates the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular prognosis events. Furthermore, a unique furin-like cleavage site exists in the S protein of SARS-Cov-S2 [16] ; thus, the theoretical advantage inferred from this cleavage site in disease infection models can be deduced to prevent and combat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, in the process of infection, the S protein plays a direct damaging role by recognizing and binding to the ACE2 receptor and invading the host cell [10] . Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has a similar structure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1(SARS-CoV-1). The S protein on the surface of the virus is cleaved by host proprotein convertases (PCs) to expose the active N-terminal S1 extracellular domain. Its receptors are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the C-terminal S2 membrane anchoring protein is responsible for translocating the virus into the cell. Among patients with COVID-19, there is a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and more than 7% of patients have suffered myocardial damage due to the infection, but the internal mechanism is still poorly understood. There is currently no specific and effective targeted treatment. Reduction of the patient’s morbidity and mortality is an urgent problem that needs to be solved clinically. By exploring the theoretical analysis of PCs and ACE2 in COVID-19 cardiovascular susceptibility, some insights on how to prevent and alleviate adverse cardiovascular prognosis have been provided in this study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838164/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2 id: cord-355365-goi0uw32 author: Minocha, Amal title: Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals date: 2020-04-07 words: 665.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355365-goi0uw32.txt summary: authors: Minocha, Amal; Sim, Sing Yue; Than, Jonathan; Vakros, Georgios We conducted a self-administered anonymous survey (Google Forms) disseminated by email of ophthalmology doctors, nurses, optometrists and healthcare assistants employed at Moorfields Eye Hospital, Western Eye Hospital and Manchester Royal Eye Hospital from 10 March 2020 to 12 March 2020 to assess perception of COVID-19 exposure risk, understanding and confidence in current Public Health England (PHE) guidelines for identifying possible COVID-19 cases, knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) recommendations and training in its usage when managing such cases. One respondent raised concerns about the lack of guidance for managing patients presenting to standalone eye units with suspected COVID-19 requiring emergency ophthalmic surgery. Our survey demonstrates a lack of confidence in and understanding of COVID-19 PHE guidance amongst ophthalmic practitioners, together with significant anxiety regarding exposure risk in the ophthalmic setting. Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265510/ doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-0857-5 id: cord-328053-urw0ry2n author: Mira, Estefanía title: Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date: 2020-07-08 words: 167.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328053-urw0ry2n.txt summary: key: cord-328053-urw0ry2n authors: Mira, Estefanía; Yarce, Oscar A.; Ortega, Consuelo; Fernández, Silvia; Pascual, Natalia M.; Gómez, Cristina; Alvarez, Miguel A.; Molina, Ignacio J.; Lama, Rafael; Santamaria, Manuel title: Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma date: 2020-07-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.046 sha: doc_id: 328053 cord_uid: urw0ry2n The Clinical 147 Observation of a CVID Patient Infected with COVID-19 A 150 possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with 151 agammaglobulinemia Two X-154 linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 Functional exhaustion 158 of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute 162 Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe 166 COVID-19 T cell exhaustion during persistent viral 168 infections Development of passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 171 for management of immunodeficient patients -a perspective abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820306863?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.046 id: cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author: Miralles, Oriol title: Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date: 2020-10-15 words: 7255.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt summary: The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d''Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF). abstract: PURPOSE: The United Nations (UN) has published a Policy Brief on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that identifies policies and responses to protect older adults. Our objective was to summarize actions, health policies and clinical guidelines adopted by six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom) during the pandemic, and to assess the impact of national policies on reducing adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in older populations. METHODS: Reports by geriatricians on the measures and actions undertaken by governmental institutions in each country between March and July 2020, as well as the role of primary care during the pandemic, covered three areas: (a) general health strategies related to the pandemic; (b) impact of COVID-19 on health inequity; and (c) initiatives and challenges for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. RESULTS: In the six countries, COVID-19 mortality in nursing homes ranged from 26 to 66%. Although all countries endorsed the World Health Organization general recommendations, the reports identified the lack of harmonized European guidelines and policies for nursing homes, with competencies transferred to national (or regional) governments. All countries restricted visits in nursing homes, but no specific action plans were provided. The role of primary care was limited by the centralization of the crisis in hospital settings. CONCLUSIONS: The older population has been greatly affected by COVID-19 and by the policies initiated to control its spread. The right to health and dignity are transgenerational; chronological age should not be the sole criterion in policy decisions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057981/ doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x id: cord-184424-t8yhu7p8 author: Miralles-Pechu''an, Luis title: A Deep Q-learning/genetic Algorithms Based Novel Methodology For Optimizing Covid-19 Pandemic Government Actions date: 2020-05-15 words: 7039.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-184424-t8yhu7p8.txt summary: In this paper, we use the SEIR epidemiological model (Susceptible Exposed Infected Recovered) for infectious diseases to represent the evolution of the virus COVID-19 over time in the population. The sequences of actions (confinement, self-isolation, two-meter distance or not taking restrictions) are evaluated according to a reward system focused on meeting two objectives: firstly, getting few people infected so that hospitals are not overwhelmed with critical patients, and secondly, avoiding taking drastic measures for too long which can potentially cause serious damage to the economy. In this section, we describe the state of the art of the essential components of our methodology: The SEIR model that simulates the spread of the COVID-19 [11] in the population, and two other techniques implemented to discover the best actions for combating the pandemic according to the goals of each government, DQL [12] and GA [10] . abstract: Whenever countries are threatened by a pandemic, as is the case with the COVID-19 virus, governments should take the right actions to safeguard public health as well as to mitigate the negative effects on the economy. In this regard, there are two completely different approaches governments can take: a restrictive one, in which drastic measures such as self-isolation can seriously damage the economy, and a more liberal one, where more relaxed restrictions may put at risk a high percentage of the population. The optimal approach could be somewhere in between, and, in order to make the right decisions, it is necessary to accurately estimate the future effects of taking one or other measures. In this paper, we use the SEIR epidemiological model (Susceptible - Exposed - Infected - Recovered) for infectious diseases to represent the evolution of the virus COVID-19 over time in the population. To optimize the best sequences of actions governments can take, we propose a methodology with two approaches, one based on Deep Q-Learning and another one based on Genetic Algorithms. The sequences of actions (confinement, self-isolation, two-meter distance or not taking restrictions) are evaluated according to a reward system focused on meeting two objectives: firstly, getting few people infected so that hospitals are not overwhelmed with critical patients, and secondly, avoiding taking drastic measures for too long which can potentially cause serious damage to the economy. The conducted experiments prove that our methodology is a valid tool to discover actions governments can take to reduce the negative effects of a pandemic in both senses. We also prove that the approach based on Deep Q-Learning overcomes the one based on Genetic Algorithms for optimizing the sequences of actions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07656v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-329939-spa16qhz author: Miranda, Eduardo P. title: Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 1256.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329939-spa16qhz.txt summary: title: Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 As it is not possible to predict when routine sexual medicine practice will return, 96 the financial impact on many sexual health care providers can be dramatic. On 97 the other hand, public services have been mostly devoted to the fight against 98 COVID-19, and many sexual medicine experts who are public employees have 99 been allocated to work in the frontline or in regulation services. The reality is 100 that many public sexual medicine referral centers have been closed down, in 101 which all consultations and surgeries were cancelled and there is still no forecast 102 nutritionists have been allowed to perform online consultations for years, and 168 their successful experience in our country could be a model for sexual medicine 169 to build on. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1743609520306494 doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.013 id: cord-346894-iy35298o author: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 7262.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346894-iy35298o.txt summary: In pediatric radiology departments, the risk involved ranges from low (e.g., office workers, remote workers, telemedicine) to very high (e.g., workers performing aerosol-generating procedures on known or suspected COVID-19 patients), depending on the job task assigned [28, 29] . Standard precautions to minimize the spread of infection within health care facilities from direct contact with contaminations include hand hygiene, use of PPE based on anticipated contact with contaminated material, respiratory hygiene/ cough etiquette, cleaning and disinfection of the environment, and proper handling of patient care equipment and waste [10] . Appropriate personal protective equipment usage stratified by COVID-19 status (Table 3) Because of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus, the CDC recommends respirators for care of all patients with COVID-19 if adequate supplies are available. For all aerosol-generating procedures in children who have either unknown or confirmed positive COVID-19 status, radiologists should adhere to the highest level of respiratory protection available: a respirator, an eye shield, a disposable gown and gloves. abstract: Pediatric radiology departments across the globe face unique challenges in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic that have not been addressed in professional guidelines. Providing a safe environment for personnel while continuing to deliver optimal care to patients is feasible when abiding by fundamental recommendations. In this article, we review current infection control practices across the multiple pediatric institutions represented on the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Quality and Safety committee. We discuss the routes of infectious transmission and appropriate transmission-based precautions, in addition to exploring strategies to optimize personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. This work serves as a summary of current evidence-based recommendations for infection control, and current best practices specific to pediatric radiologists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 id: cord-352341-dhc748pn author: Miranda-Zazueta, G. title: Manejo farmacológico de pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas y pancreáticas que involucran terapias inmunosupresoras. Posicionamiento en el marco de la pandemia de SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-17 words: 4118.0 sentences: 422.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352341-dhc748pn.txt summary: 5 Hasta este momento se han emitido las siguientes recomendaciones en pacientes infectados por COVID-19 que tienen una enfermedad hepática autoinmune de base y usan inmunosupresores: [5] [6] [7] [8]  El presentar alteraciones en las pruebas de función hepática no limita iniciar el tratamiento para COVID-19. Las recomendaciones generales para el manejo de pacientes con trasplante hepático y diagnóstico de COVID-19 se realizan de acuerdo con los diferentes escenarios posibles que nos podemos enfrentar en la práctica clínica. No existe hasta el momento de esta publicación información sobre el riesgo de infecciones en pacientes con inmunosupresión y Pancreatitis Autoinmune (PAI), muchos menos en el contexto del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, Sin embargo, teóricamente este riesgo no debería ser mayor al observado para otro tipo de infecciones. abstract: Resumen La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por el virus de Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave - Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID 19 ha afectado cerca de 2 millones de personas en todo el mundo en menos de 4 meses posterior al reporte de los primeros casos en China en diciembre 2019. La relación que guarda la enfermedad por SARS-Cov-2 con el tratamiento inmunosupresor utilizado en diversos trastornos gastrointestinales es incierta, esto genera el debate sobre suspender el tratamiento inmunosupresor para mejorar el pronóstico de la infección, lo cual incluye el riesgo inherente de rechazo de injerto o agudización de enfermedades autoinmunes que potencialmente pudieran agravar el curso de la infección. En base a la evidencia disponible se logra establecer una postura de tratamiento en pacientes con enfermedades gastrointestinales que requieren terapia inmunosupresora. Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. COVID-19 affected close to 2 million persons worldwide in fewer than 4 months, after the report of the first cases in China in December 2019. The relation of the disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 to immunosuppressive treatment used in different gastrointestinal disorders is uncertain, resulting in debate with regard to suspending immunosuppressive therapy to improve infection outcome. Said suspension implies the inherent risk for graft rejection or autoimmune disease exacerbation that can potentially worsen the course of the infection. Based on the presently available evidence, a treatment stance has been established for patients with gastrointestinal diseases that require immunosuppressive therapy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375090620300653?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.06.001 id: cord-258128-qtmjgrml author: Mirjalili, Mahtabalsadat title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Transplantation: Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Immunosuppression Regimen date: 2020-07-03 words: 6450.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258128-qtmjgrml.txt summary: 12 In one case report regarding the successful treatment of a kidney transplant recipient with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in China, all the immunosuppressants were stopped and the patient received 5 g intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the first day and then 10 g/day for the next 11 days, with 40 mg/day methylprednisolone for 12 days and 5 million units/day interferon as atomization inhalation. 17, 18 Considering that adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality and morbidity following the administration of corticosteroids in patients with respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, SARS-CoV-1, or MERS-CoV may be due to an increased risk of secondary bacterial infections, their use for the prevention of disease progression or its treatment remains under discussion. So far, few studies have been conducted regarding the use of this drug in liver and kidney transplant patients, but if it is administered to this population, its adverse effects and interactions with immunosuppressants and other medications used in transplant patients, such as fluoroquinolones for the treatment of Gram-negative infections, should be considered. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. Since then, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries in the world, and a global pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). At present, no vaccines or therapeutic regimens with proven efficacy are available for the management of COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, interferons, umifenovir, remdesivir, and interleukin antagonists, such as tocilizumab, have been recommended as potential treatment options in COVID-19. Transplant patients receiving immunosuppressant medications are at the highest risk of severe illness from COVID-19. At the same time, with regard to receiving polypharmacy and immunosuppressants, treatment options should be chosen with more attention in this population. Considering drug–drug interactions and adverse effects of medications used for the treatment of COVID-19, such as QT prolongation, the dose reduction of some immunosuppressants or avoidance is recommended in transplant recipients with COVID-19. Thus, this narrative review describes clinically important considerations about the treatment of COVID-19 and immunosuppressive regimens regarding modifications, side effects, and interactions in adult kidney or liver allograft recipients. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s256246 doi: 10.2147/tcrm.s256246 id: cord-033655-16hj7sev author: Miroudot, Sébastien title: Reshaping the policy debate on the implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains date: 2020-10-12 words: 8006.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033655-16hj7sev.txt summary: More recently, Gereffi (2020) addresses the issue of the resilience of medical supply GVCs. However, as policymakers now seem to associate resilience with a specific type of organization of GVCs where MNEs produce mostly through more localized or shorter supply chains, new questions arise on the type of governance that would allow such organization and on the way policymakers could influence the design of GVCs. The main risk with the current debate on the economic policy implications of COVID-19 is that it can lead to the use of supply chain concepts by policymakers and international organizations in a way that departs from business reality, thus leading to wrong policy choices. Building more resilient supply chains should not lead to the dismantlement of GVCs. It should also not replace the risks related to COVID-19 by new policy hazards and a higher level of uncertainty for companies. abstract: Disruptions in global supply chains in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have re-opened the debate on the vulnerabilities associated with production in complex international production networks. To build resilience in supply chains, several authors suggest making them shorter, more domestic, and more diversified. This paper argues that before redesigning global supply chains, one needs to identify the concrete issues faced by firms during the crisis and the policies that can solve them. It highlights that the solutions that have been proposed tend to be disconnected from the conclusions of the supply chain literature, where reshoring does not lead to resilience, and could further benefit from the insights of international business and global value chain scholars. Lastly, the paper discusses the policies that can build resilience at the firm and global levels and the narrative that could replace the current one to reshape the debate on the policy implications of COVID-19 for global supply chains. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548406/ doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00074-6 id: cord-286194-2emwfx89 author: Mirzaei, Hossein title: COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 words: 3030.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286194-2emwfx89.txt summary: However, there have not been large observational studies specifically measuring symptoms, disease severity, complications, multimorbidity, and the proportion of death in reported COVID-19-HIV co-infected patients. Empirical studies including any study design (i.e., case report, case series, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and clinical trial) that reported individual-or aggregatelevel data on COVID-19 among PLHIV were considered for this review. Studies that included a mixed sample of HIVpositive and HIV-negative COVID-19 patients were only considered if subgroup analyses for PLHIV were reported or could be extracted. Studies were excluded if they did not present original empirical data (e.g., editorials, commentaries, letters to editors, and reviews) or did not report any clinical data on patients with HIV and COVID-19 co-infection. Results of a cohort study showed that multimorbidity (mostly hypertension and diabetes) was more prevalent in COVID-19-HIV co-infected patients than PLHIV without COVID-19 [20] . abstract: This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the earliest patients with COVID-19-HIV co-infection. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, preprint databases, and Google Scholar from December 01, 2019, to June 1, 2020. From an initial 547 publications and 75 reports, 25 studies provided specific information on COVID-19 patients living with HIV. Studies described 252 patients, 80.9% were male, the mean age was 52.7 years, and 98% were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Co-morbidities in addition to HIV and COVID-19 (multimorbidity) included hypertension (39.3%), obesity or hyperlipidemia (19.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (18.0%), and diabetes (17.2%). Two-thirds (66.5%) had mild to moderate symptoms, the most common being fever (74.0%) and cough (58.3%). Among patients who died, the majority (90.5%) were over 50 years old, male (85.7%), and had multimorbidity (64.3%). Our findings highlight the importance of identifying co-infections, addressing co-morbidities, and ensuring a secure supply of ART for PLHIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10461-020-02983-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02983-2 doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02983-2 id: cord-103899-6tqm99g1 author: Mirzaei, Rasoul title: The emerging role of microRNAs in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection date: 2020-11-13 words: 9756.0 sentences: 554.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-103899-6tqm99g1.txt summary: Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. This review will summarize the recent discoveries associated with miRNAs in various respiratory infections caused by viruses, especially coronavirus, and address all feasible therapeutic options to mitigate the burden of VRIs. The humoral immunity is immunologically categorized as an acquired immune response in which T helper cells collaborate with B cells to differentiate these types of cells to plasma cells [17] [18] [19] . The immune responses against VRIs, such as IV, hRV, human coronavirus (HcoV), hMPV, and RSV, are correlated with the aberrant expression of several miRNAs in epithelial cells and participate in the pathogenesis of chronic and acute forms of respiratory disorders (Table 1 ) [16] . abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed significant public health problems for the human populations worldwide after the 1918 influenza A virus (IVA) (H1N1) pandemic. Although numerous efforts have been made to unravel the mechanisms underlying the coronavirus, a notable gap remains in our perception of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The innate and adaptive immune systems have a pivotal role in the fate of viral infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as short noncoding RNA molecules and appear as indispensable governors of almost any cellular means. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that miRNAs participate in essential mechanisms of cell biology, regulation of the immune system, and the onset and progression of numerous types of disorders. The immune responses to viral respiratory infections (VRIs), including influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV), are correlated with the ectopic expression of miRNAs. Alterations of the miRNA expression in epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic and acute airway infections. Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. In this article, we present a general review of current studies concerning the function of miRNAs in different VRIs, particularly in coronavirus infection, and address all available therapeutic prospects to mitigate the burden of viral infections. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576920336717 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107204 id: cord-264793-0wvif337 author: Miró, Òscar title: Frequency of five unusual presentations in patients with COVID-19: results of the UMC-19-S(1) date: 2020-08-26 words: 2616.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264793-0wvif337.txt summary: Analysing data of 63 822 COVID patients attending 50 Spanish emergency department (ED) during the COVID outbreak, before hospitalisation, we report frequencies of (myo)pericarditis (0.71‰), meningoencephalitis (0.25‰), Guillain–Barré syndrome (0.13‰), acute pancreatitis (0.71‰) and spontaneous pneumothorax (0.57‰). Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to estimate the relative frequencies for the five abovementioned manifestations (acute (myo)pericarditis, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute pancreatitis and spontaneous pneumothorax) in COVID patients coming to the ED during the COVID-19 outbreak and compare them with the relative frequencies observed in non-COVID ED comers. As part of the UMC-19 project, the present study (study 1, UMC-19-S 1 ) was designed to determine the individual relative frequency of each of the five following entities in COVID patients (all corresponding to diseases that have been reported to be associated with viral infections, and for which at least one case had been published in patients with COVID-19): acute (myo)pericarditis, acute meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute pancreatitis and spontaneous pneumothorax. abstract: Despite SARS-CoV-19 infection has a stereotypical clinical picture, isolated cases with unusual manifestations have been reported, some of them being well-known to be triggered by viral infections. However, the real frequency in COVID-19 is unknown. Analysing data of 63 822 COVID patients attending 50 Spanish emergency department (ED) during the COVID outbreak, before hospitalisation, we report frequencies of (myo)pericarditis (0.71‰), meningoencephalitis (0.25‰), Guillain–Barré syndrome (0.13‰), acute pancreatitis (0.71‰) and spontaneous pneumothorax (0.57‰). Compared with general ED population, COVID patients developed more frequently Guillain–Barré syndrome (odds ratio (OR) 4.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.09–9.90), spontaneous pneumothorax (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.40–2.79) and (myo)pericarditis (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.97), but less frequently pancreatitis (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33–0.60). url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001910 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001910 id: cord-349909-hmyv1nep author: Misa, Nana-Yaa title: Racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 disease burden & mortality among emergency department patients in a safety net health system date: 2020-09-24 words: 3925.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349909-hmyv1nep.txt summary: BACKGROUND: We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in test positivity rate and mortality among emergency department (ED) patients tested for COVID-19 within an integrated public health system in Northern California. Results from ED-based testing can identify racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 testing, test positivity rates, and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and can be used by health departments to inform policy. We pre-specified the regression model to contain COVID-19 positivity as the dependent variable, with the following predictor variables: race and ethnicity; age; medical co-morbidities (that may influence disease severity); documented epidemiologic concern (defined as healthcare worker or living with elderly family members); skilled nursing facility residence; whether or not a patient had a PCP (to control for access to medical care); and which AHS ED conducted the test to control for geographic and hospital site clustering. abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in test positivity rate and mortality among emergency department (ED) patients tested for COVID-19 within an integrated public health system in Northern California. METHODS: In this retrospective study we analyzed data from patients seen at three EDs and tested for COVID-19 between April 6 through May 4, 2020. The primary outcome was the test positivity rate by race and ethnicity, and the secondary outcome was 30 day in-hospital mortality. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations with COVID-19 test positivity. RESULTS: There were 526 patients tested for COVID-19, of whom 95 (18.1%) tested positive. The mean age of patients tested was 54.2 years, 54.7% were male, and 76.1% had at least one medical comorbidity. Black patients accounted for 40.7% of those tested but 16.8% of the positive tests, and Latinx patients accounted for 26.4% of those tested but 58.9% of the positive tests. The test positivity rate among Latinx patients was 40.3% (56/139) compared with 10.1% (39/387) among non-Latinx patients (p < 0.001). Latinx ethnicity was associated with COVID-19 test positivity (adjusted odds ratio 9.6, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–26.0). Mortality among Black patients was higher than non-Black patients (18.7% vs 1.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We report a significant disparity in COVID-19 adjusted test positivity rate and crude mortality rate among Latinx and Black patients, respectively. Results from ED-based testing can identify racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 testing, test positivity rates, and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection and can be used by health departments to inform policy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33039228/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.053 id: cord-345937-ddwzr112 author: Mishra, Ajay Kumar title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID - 19 date: 2020-04-14 words: 269.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345937-ddwzr112.txt summary: title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID 19 Type: Letter to the editor Title: Cardiac drugs and outcome in COVID -19 We read with much interest the article "Are certain drugs associated with enhanced mortality in COVID -19" by Goldstein We agree with the authors that increase expression of ACE 2 receptor potentially increases viral entry and disease severity, however the data regarding only ARB''s causing the same might not be enough. (9) Though at present there is not enough evidence of any potential benefit or harm of most prescribed medications including the ARBs, ACEi, Statins, Antiviral agents we strongly agree with the authors that meticulous and detailed reporting of medications of COVID -19 affected patients is crucial in order to further understand the multifaceted interaction of the virus, medications, and clinical outcome. Are certain drugs associated with enhanced mortality in COVID-19? Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID -19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289168/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa127 id: cord-332784-xkc89uaz author: Mishra, Shashank Shekhar title: Computational investigation of potential inhibitors of novel coronavirus 2019 through structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics and density functional theory studies date: 2020-07-15 words: 4245.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332784-xkc89uaz.txt summary: The novel hit molecules identified from docking study were selected based on the docking score, binding energy calculations, and their other interactions with amino acid residues. To analyze the structural stability of the COVID-19 main protease protein-ligand complexes, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out by using Desmond in the presence of the POPC bilayer membrane (Shekhar et al., 2019) . The selected five potential hit molecules in the binding site of protease protein, interacting with amino acid residues Phe140, Gly143, Thr26, Thr190, Glu166, Pro168, Met165 and Leu141 with a docking score of À7.524 and À6.711 kcal/mol. It is found that the hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and hydrophobic interactions with Pro168, Leu167, Met 49, His41are major contributing factor for stabilizing hit molecule ZINC13144609 at the binding site which is in accordance with our docking result. abstract: Despite the intensive research efforts towards antiviral drug against COVID-19, no potential drug or vaccines has not yet discovered. Initially, the binding site of COVID-19 main protease was predicted which located between regions 2 and 3. Structure-based virtual screening was performed through a hierarchal mode of elimination technique after generating a grid box. This led to the identification of five top hit molecules that were selected on the basis of docking score and visualization of non-bonding interactions. The docking results revealed that the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are the major contributing factors in the stabilization of complexes. The docking scores were found between −7.524 and −6.711 kcal/mol indicating strong ligand-protein interactions. Amino acid residues Phe140, Leu141, Gly143, Asn142, Thr26, Glu166 and Thr190 (hydrogen bonding interactions) and Phe140, Cys145, Cys44, Met49, Leu167, Pro168, Met165, Val42, Leu27 and Ala191 (hydrophobic interactions) formed the binding pocket of COVID-19 main protease. From identified hits, ZINC13144609 and ZINC01581128 were selected for atomistic MD simulation and density functional theory calculations. MD simulation results confirm that the protein interacting with both hit molecules is stabilized in the chosen POPC lipid bilayer membrane. The presence of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in the hydrophobic region of the hit molecules leads to favorable ligand-protein contacts. The calculated pharmacokinetic descriptors were found to be in their acceptable range and therefore confirming their drug-like properties. Hence, the present investigation can serve as the basis for designing and developing COVID-19 inhibitors. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666910/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1791957 id: cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author: Misra, Durga Prasanna title: Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date: 2020-09-02 words: 6149.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt summary: Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. The HIBISCUS multicentre multinational trial is evaluating the effect of HCQ (400 mg daily for the duration of pregnancy) compared to placebo, in addition to standard therapy (i.e. preventative dose of low molecular weight heparin with aspirin), on live births in women with primary APS. A related study, the HIBISCUS-T trial, is evaluating the preventative role for recurrent thrombosis in patients with thrombotic APS treated with HCQ or placebo in addition to oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists for 24 months [15] . Clinical trials might also attempt to decipher the potential utility of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate or colchicine for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in a high risk population, such as those with metabolic syndrome and in individuals with inflammatory arthritides which predispose to greater cardiovascular risk. abstract: Repurposing of antirheumatic drugs has garnered global attention. The aim of this article is to overview available evidence on the use of widely used antirheumatic drugs hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine for additional indications. Hydroxychloroquine has endothelial stabilizing and anti-thrombotic effects. Its use has been explored as an adjunctive therapy in refractory thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. It may also prevent recurrent pregnancy losses in the absence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Hydroxychloroquine favourably modulates atherogenic lipid and glycaemic profiles. Methotrexate has been tried for modulation of cardiovascular events in non-rheumatic clinical conditions, although a large clinical trial failed to demonstrate a benefit. Colchicine has been shown to successfully reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in a large multicentric trial. Potential antifibrotic effects of colchicine require further exploration. Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. While the use of these agents is being diversified, their adverse effects should be timely diagnosed and prevented. Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinopathy and rarely cardiac and auditory toxicity, retinopathy being dose and time dependent. Methotrexate can cause transaminitis, cytopenias and renal failure, particularly in acute overdoses. Colchicine can rarely cause myopathies, cardiomyopathy, cytopenias and transaminitis. Strong evidence is warranted to keep balance between benefits of repurposing these old antirheumatic drugs and risk of their adverse effects. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2 doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2 id: cord-231762-ymz7z76i author: Misra, Sampa title: Multi-Channel Transfer Learning of Chest X-ray Images for Screening of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 3695.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-231762-ymz7z76i.txt summary: In this manuscript, we have designed a multi-channel ensemble TL method based on ResNet-18 by combining three different models which are fine-tuned in 3 datasets in such a way that the model can extract more relevant features for each class and hence can identify COVID-19 features more accurately from the X-ray images. These 3 models were pre-trained in parallel to learn respective features to classify normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 images. 8. Train (fine-tune) again the combined models using the Dataset_D, which can classify the normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 images. In this manuscript, we present a COVID-multichannel transfer learning method for the classification of patients as normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia based on chest X-ray images. Besides, there are many artifacts in the chest X-ray images that may negatively affect the performance of classification tasks for feature-based deep learning models. In conclusion, we propose an ensemble learning strategy to improve the classification performance in deep learning-based COVID-19 screening for chest X-ray images. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread rapidly all over the world and it is affecting the whole society. The current gold standard test for screening COVID-19 patients is the polymerase chain reaction test. However, the COVID-19 test kits are not widely available and time-consuming. Thus, as an alternative, chest X-rays are being considered for quick screening. Since the presentation of COVID-19 in chest X-rays is varied in features and specialization in reading COVID-19 chest X-rays are required thus limiting its use for diagnosis. To address this challenge of reading chest X-rays by radiologists quickly, we present a multi-channel transfer learning model based on ResNet architecture to facilitate the diagnosis of COVID-19 chest X-ray. Three ResNet-based models (Models a, b, and c) were retrained using Dataset_A (1579 normal and 4429 diseased), Dataset_B (4245 pneumonia and 1763 non-pneumonia), and Dataset_C (184 COVID-19 and 5824 Non-COVID19), respectively, to classify (a) normal or diseased, (b) pneumonia or non-pneumonia, and (c) COVID-19 or non-COVID19. Finally, these three models were ensembled and fine-tuned using Dataset_D (1579 normal, 4245 pneumonia, and 184 COVID-19) to classify normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 cases. Our results show that the ensemble model is more accurate than the single ResNet model, which is also re-trained using Dataset_D as it extracts more relevant semantic features for each class. Our approach provides a precision of 94 % and a recall of 100%. Thus, our method could potentially help clinicians in screening patients for COVID-19, thus facilitating immediate triaging and treatment for better outcomes. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05576v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-253833-0lajhqn5 author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system. date: 2020-08-19 words: 2860.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253833-0lajhqn5.txt summary: [7] [8] [9] 11 A recent prospective study in the United Kingdom and US suggested a ve-fold increased risk for HCW caring for patients with COVID-19 compared to HCW not caring for patients with COVID-19, even with the use of PPE 12 while another study of HCW in a large healthcare system showed a decrease in positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 associated with a universal masking recommendation. In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identi ed as patient-facing had a signi cantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. abstract: Background: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCW) is crucial. Objective: Utilizing a health system COVID-19 research registry, we assessed HCW risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Design: Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting. Participants: Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large academic healthcare system (N=72,909) from March 8-June 9 2020 stratified by HCW and patient-facing status. Main Measures: SARS-CoV-2 test result, hospitalization, and ICU admission for COVID-19 infection. Key Results: Of 72,909 individuals tested, 9.0% (551) of 6,145 HCW tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to 6.5% (4353) of 66,764 non-HCW. The HCW were younger than non-HCW (median age 39.7 vs. 57.5, p<0.001) with more females (proportion of males 21.5 vs. 44.9%, p<0.001), higher reporting of COVID-19 exposure (72 vs. 17 %, p<0.001) and fewer comorbidities. However, the overlap propensity score weighted proportions were 8.9 vs. 7.7 for HCW vs. non-HCW having a positive test with weighted odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.38. Among those testing positive, weighted proportions for hospitalization were 7.4 vs.15.9 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.42 (CI 0.26-0.66) and for ICU admission: 2.2 vs.4.5 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.48 (CI 0.20 -1.04). Those HCW identified as patient-facing compared to not had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (OR 1.60, CI 1.08-2.39, proportions 8.6 vs. 5.5), but no statistically significant increase in hospitalization (OR 0.88, CI 0.20-3.66, proportions 10.2 vs. 11.4) and ICU admission (OR 0.34, CI 0.01-3.97, proportions 1.8 vs. 5.2). Conclusions: In a large healthcare system, HCW had similar odds for testing SARS-CoV-2 positive, but lower odds of hospitalization compared to non-HCW. Patient-facing HCW had higher odds of a positive test. These results are key to understanding HCW risk mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61235/v1 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-61235/v1 id: cord-261173-lnjh56ts author: Misra-Hebert, Anita D. title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers’ Risk of Infection and Outcomes in a Large, Integrated Health System date: 2020-09-01 words: 3574.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261173-lnjh56ts.txt summary: In this study, we aimed to assess whether HCW are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission compared to non-HCW using advanced statistical methodology to account for various confounders. 23 For the outcomes of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission of COVID-19 testpositive patients, the propensity score covariates are those that were found associated with COVID-19 hospitalization outcome in our previous work including age, race, ethnicity, gender, smoking history, body mass index, median income, population per housing unit, presenting symptoms (including fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, vomiting), comorbidities (including asthma, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppressive disease), medications (including immunosuppressive treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), and laboratory values (including pre-testing platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, chloride, and potassium). [7] [8] [9] [10] 12 The fact that HCW identified as patient facing had a significantly higher odds for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity suggests an increased risk of COVID-19 infection with work exposure. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCW) is crucial. OBJECTIVE: Utilizing a health system COVID-19 research registry, we assessed HCW risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large academic healthcare system (N = 72,909) from March 8–June 9, 2020, stratified by HCW and patient-facing status. MAIN MEASURES: SARS-CoV-2 test result, hospitalization, and ICU admission for COVID-19 infection. KEY RESULTS: Of 72,909 individuals tested, 9.0% (551) of 6145 HCW tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to 6.5% (4353) of 66,764 non-HCW. The HCW were younger than the non-HCW (median age 39.7 vs. 57.5, p < 0.001) with more females (proportion of males 21.5 vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001), higher reporting of COVID-19 exposure (72 vs. 17%, p < 0.001), and fewer comorbidities. However, the overlap propensity score weighted proportions were 8.9 vs. 7.7 for HCW vs. non-HCW having a positive test with weighted odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.38. Among those testing positive, weighted proportions for hospitalization were 7.4 vs. 15.9 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.42 (CI 0.26–0.66) and for ICU admission: 2.2 vs. 4.5 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.48 (CI 0.20–1.04). Those HCW identified as patient facing compared to not had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (OR 1.60, CI 1.08–2.39, proportions 8.6 vs. 5.5), but no statistically significant increase in hospitalization (OR 0.88, CI 0.20–3.66, proportions 10.2 vs. 11.4) and ICU admission (OR 0.34, CI 0.01–3.97, proportions 1.8 vs. 5.2). CONCLUSIONS: In a large healthcare system, HCW had similar odds for testing SARS-CoV-2 positive, but lower odds of hospitalization compared to non-HCW. Patient-facing HCW had higher odds of a positive test. These results are key to understanding HCW risk mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06171-9 id: cord-307187-5blsjicu author: Missel, Malene title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result date: 2020-11-11 words: 5818.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307187-5blsjicu.txt summary: title: A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: The participating healthcare professionals'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. Therefore, this study aim to shed light on HCPs'' experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection through individual interviews. The comprehensive understanding illuminated the meaning of the participants'' experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result as a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. abstract: BACKGROUND: Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 are required to control the current outbreak. Special attention is directed at healthcare professionals as reducing the risk of infection in healthcare is essential. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with 15 healthcare professionals were performed, underpinned by a phenomenological hermeneutical analytical framework. RESULTS: The participating healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. These healthcare professionals presented a strong professional identity overriding most concerns about their own health. The result of the coronavirus test was a decisive parameter for whether healthcare professionals could return to work. The healthcare professionals were aware that their family and friends were having a hard time knowing that the COVID-19 infection risk was part of their jobs. This concern did not, however, cause the healthcare professionals to falter in their belief that they were doing the right thing by focusing on their core area. The threat to own health ran through the minds of the healthcare professionals occasionally, which makes access to testing particularly important. CONCLUSION: The participating healthcare professionals had a strong professional identity. However, a discrepancy between an altruistic role as a healthcare professional and the expectations that come from the community was illuminated. A mental health coronavirus hotline for healthcare professionals is suggested. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05904-0 doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05904-0 id: cord-334445-rk0jay4a author: Mistrangelo, M. title: Do we really need guidelines for HRA during the COVID‐19 pandemic? date: 2020-05-25 words: 840.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334445-rk0jay4a.txt summary: Considering the costs to deal with COVID-19, the deficiency of healthcare professionals and the lack of worldwide evidence consensus on HRA, this examination cannot be considered mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dear Editor, We have read with great interest the recent guidelines of the International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) for the practice of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) in the era of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) [1] . Consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific societies have published countless guidelines. Considering the costs of dealing with the problems posed by COVID-19, the shortage of healthcare professionals and the lack of worldwide consensus evidence for HRA, this examination cannot be considered mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. The low risk of progression of AIN to invasive carcinoma, even in high-risk patients, and the long time from diagnosis of AIN and progression do not justify the use of HRA and a screening programme during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then the World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and then recognized it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Consequent to COVID-19 pandemic, all International and National Societies published countless guidelines about the management of patients affected by COVID-19. In spite of this IANS proposed its guidelines for the use of HRA in anal cancer and its precursors. Considering the costs to deal with COVID-19, the deficiency of healthcare professionals and the lack of worldwide evidence consensus on HRA, this examination cannot be considered mandatory during the COVID-19 pandemic. DARE with biopsy of suspicious palpable lesions in symptomatic patients could be considered enough during this period. Probably a latency of 6-12 months is reasonable for these patients without affecting the natural history of AIN. In conclusion, the current Covid-19 pandemic has been the most discussed topic in the media and scientific journals. However a deluge of scientific publications results in worldwide uncertainty. Guidelines on this topic should only be based on validated studies which support an Evidence Based Medicine approach. In our opinion this is not the case for HRA. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32379928/ doi: 10.1111/codi.15116 id: cord-355441-0b266hwn author: Misztal, Krzysztof title: The importance of standardisation – COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock for deep learning purpose date: 2020-10-28 words: 3074.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355441-0b266hwn.txt summary: The aim of COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock is to create a public pool of CT and radiograph images of lungs to increase the efficiency of distinguishing COVID-19 disease from other types of pneumonia and from healthy chest. Training neural networks on these datasets requires including samples from additional data sources such as common bacterial pneumonia [11] or lung nodule analysis [12, 13] . Apostolopoulos and Mpesiana [14] used a MobileNet v2 [15] pre-trained on 55 ImageNet [16] for fine-tuning on two datasets which were created using samples from COVID-19 Image Data Collection [10] , COVID-19 X-ray collection available on kaggle [17] , and a dataset containing radiograph scans of common bacterial 3 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f pneumonia [11] . Therefore, following [14] , we decided to enrich the COVID-19-negative class with radiograph images from dataset of common bacterial pneumonia [11] . abstract: With the number of affected individuals still growing world-wide, the research on COVID-19 is continuously expanding. The deep learning community concentrates their efforts on exploring if neural networks can potentially support the diagnosis using CT and radiograph images of patients’ lungs. The two most popular publicly available datasets for COVID-19 classification are COVID-CT and COVID-19 Image Data Collection. In this work, we propose a new dataset which we call COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock. It contains both CT and radiograph samples of COVID-19 lung findings and combines them with additional data to ensure a sufficient number of diverse COVID-19-negative samples. Moreover, it is supplemented with a carefully defined split. The aim of COVID-19 CT&Radiograph Image Data Stock is to create a public pool of CT and radiograph images of lungs to increase the efficiency of distinguishing COVID-19 disease from other types of pneumonia and from healthy chest. We hope that the creation of this dataset would allow standardisation of the approach taken for training deep neural networks for COVID-19 classification and eventually for building more reliable models. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0010482520304236 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104092 id: cord-284152-6aog88cx author: Mitchell, Edith Peterson title: COVID-19 Innovations: Addressing Rapidly Changing Clinical Needs date: 2020-07-21 words: 601.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284152-6aog88cx.txt summary: This mechanism may also account for disease manifestations and clinical findings in other organ systems, including hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, thromboses, acute renal dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular and neurological disorders and dermatologic findings described as Kawasaki like disease in young patients. 2 The pathogenesis of COVID-19 entrance into host cells involves attachment of the surface glycoprotein spike to the ACE2 receptor which has been demonstrated as a co-receptor for entry. Thus some COVID-19 research strategies involve targeting endothelial cell function. 3 Myocardial injury and myocarditis are frequently found in patients with COVID-19 disease. 4 Reports also indicate that approximately one third of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals developed acute kidney injury which correlated with the development of respiratory failure. Hypertension, thrombosis, kidney failure, and diabetes: Is COVID-19 an endothelial disease? Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19 Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.004 id: cord-280440-35h2x8dg author: Mitchell, Rob title: A ‘new normal’: Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care date: 2020-08-17 words: 1189.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280440-35h2x8dg.txt summary: title: A ''new normal'': Harnessing the experience of COVID-19 for sustained improvements in global emergency care Lessons learned through the pandemic stand to have a substantial impact on emergency departments (EDs) all over the world, in both high-and low-resource settings. Dr Mitchell reports he is a member of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine''s (ACEM) COVID-19 Clinical Guidelines Working Party, and was lead author for ACEM''s guidance ''Managing COVID-19 across the Indo-Pacific: A guide for emergency departments with limited resources''. Dr Nou reports he is President of the Papua New Guinea Society for Emergency Medicine and Hospital Manager at the Rita Flynn COVID-19 Temporary Treatment Facility in Port Moresby. RM and GN both contributed to content development based on their clinical experiences with COVID-19 in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The authors would like to acknowledge all those clinicians who, despite challenging circumstances, are providing emergency care throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606520300122 doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100012 id: cord-340752-367jr3so author: Mitchell, Rob title: Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources date: 2020-04-01 words: 361.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340752-367jr3so.txt summary: title: Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources Emergency departments and the COVID-19 pandemic: making the most of limited resources Dear Editor, The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will stretch hospital resources all over the world. 1 In order to support colleagues in resource-limited settings, the Australasian College from Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has developed a free guide for emergency care (EC) clinicians in LMICs preparing for a surge of patients with COVID-19. The guide provides consensus-based advice on optimising resource utilisation during the pandemic and draws heavily on technical guidance from the WHO. ACEM''s guide is an attempt to express solidarity with colleagues in resource-limited settings and will hopefully stimulate further collaboration among the global EC community. Managing COVID-19 across the Indo-Pacific: A Guide for Resource Limited EDs Country & technical Guidance -Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209660 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209660 id: cord-324707-9ld73wv1 author: Mitjà, Oriol title: Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults with Mild Covid-19: A Randomized-Controlled Trial date: 2020-07-16 words: 4268.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt summary: Study outcomes were the reduction of viral RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs up to 7 days after treatment start, patient disease progression using the WHO scale up to 28 days, and time to complete resolution of symptoms. Adult patients aged 18 years or more were eligible if they had mild symptoms of Covid-19 (i.e., fever, acute cough, shortness of breath, sudden olfactory or gustatory loss, or influenza-like-illness) for less than five days before enrollment, were non-hospitalized, and had a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in the baseline nasopharyngeal swab. We estimated that a sample size of 280 patients would provide the trial with 80% power to detect a difference of 0.5 log 10 in the mean reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load at a two-sided significance level of α = 0.05, assuming an expected standard deviation of 1.5 [23] . abstract: BACKGROUND: No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of mild-illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to determine whether early treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) would be more efficacious than no-treatment for outpatients with mild Covid-19. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, open label, randomized controlled trial in Catalonia (Spain) between March 17, and May 26, 2020. Eligible Covid-19 cases were non-hospitalized adult patients with recently confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and less than five days of symptoms. Patients were assigned to receive HCQ (800 mg on day 1, followed by 400 mg once daily for 6 days) or no antiviral treatment (not-placebo controlled). Study outcomes were the reduction of viral RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs up to 7 days after treatment start, patient disease progression using the WHO scale up to 28 days, and time to complete resolution of symptoms. Adverse events were assessed up to 28 days. RESULTS: A total of 293 patients were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis: 157 in the control arm and 136 in the intervention arm. The mean age was 41.6 years (SD 12.6), mean viral load at baseline was 7.90 (SD 1.82) Log(10) copies/mL, and median time from symptom onset to randomization was 3 days. No significant differences were found in the mean reduction of viral load at day 3 (-1.41 vs. -1.41 Log(10) copies/mL in the control and intervention arm, respectively; difference 0.01 [95% CI -0.28;0.29]) or at day 7 (-3.37 vs. -3.44; d –0.07 [-0.44;0.29]). This treatment regimen did not reduce risk of hospitalization (7.1%, control vs. 5.9%, intervention; RR 0.75 [0.32;1.77]) nor shortened the time to complete resolution of symptoms (12 days, control vs. 10 days, intervention; p = 0.38). No relevant treatment-related AEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild Covid-19, no benefit was observed with HCQ beyond the usual care. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1009 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1009 id: cord-335942-izl6nrsa author: Mitra, Manasij title: A Study on Challenges to Health Care Delivery Faced by Cancer Patients in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-24 words: 2744.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335942-izl6nrsa.txt summary: RESULTS: Slot availability for teleconsultation, network issues, deferral of radiotherapy dates and long waiting hours beyond appointment time, transportation problems from residence to hospital, restriction of visitors/attendants, deferral of surgery, deferral of tumor boards, delay and deferral of advice of the nutritionist, problems faced in extension of visa, unavailability of peer group support services and psychological counseling sessions, difficulty in maintaining precautionary measures, availability of chemotherapy medications and availability of chemotherapy slots in day care were cited as problems faced by cancer patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Access to health care and care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic may be challenging for cancer patients. Several guidelines have been developed, which recommend treatment adjustments depending on the site of cancer, grade, and stage. However, few studies in India and across the globe have looked into the real challenges faced by cancer patients and assessed the effectiveness of the adopted interventions. This study was undertaken with the objective to study the challenges faced by cancer patients in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study undertaken between May 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020. A link to a prestructured questionnaire was sent through email to 100 randomly selected cancer patients in different stages of treatment and follow-up. Data were decoded and entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Slot availability for teleconsultation, network issues, deferral of radiotherapy dates and long waiting hours beyond appointment time, transportation problems from residence to hospital, restriction of visitors/attendants, deferral of surgery, deferral of tumor boards, delay and deferral of advice of the nutritionist, problems faced in extension of visa, unavailability of peer group support services and psychological counseling sessions, difficulty in maintaining precautionary measures, availability of chemotherapy medications and availability of chemotherapy slots in day care were cited as problems faced by cancer patients. Majority (91.7%) of the study respondents mentioned an increase in their anxiety levels. CONCLUSION: As highlighted in the study, cancer patients faced challenges in cancer care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests the need for larger studies on cancer patient care during a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830619/ doi: 10.1177/2150132720942705 id: cord-267538-6u3mwzc9 author: Mitra, Raman L. title: An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine date: 2020-04-01 words: 1975.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267538-6u3mwzc9.txt summary: title: An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine KEYWORDS Acquired LQTS; Azithromycin; Chloroquine; COVID-19; Drug toxicity; Flow chart; Hydroxychloroquine; Long QT; Pandemic; Proarrhythmia; Torsades de pointes; Ventricular fibrillation (Heart Rhythm Case Reports 2020;-: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] March 16, 2020 with fever and cough after a 2-week course of sinus and upper respiratory tract symptoms initially treated with doxycycline, followed by levofloxacin as an outpatient. We felt that this property would make lidocaine an ideal adjunctive agent in the intensive care unit to allow COVID-19 patients to receive short-term dual therapy with azithromycin and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for acquired LQTS. In conclusion, although the theoretical risk of acquired LQTS and TdP is present with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, or azithromycin used alone or in combination, previous reports of combined treatment in malaria patients suggest that the risk is very low. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214027120300579 doi: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2020.03.016 id: cord-320994-3ahwc3aq author: Miyashita, Hirotaka title: Do Patients with Cancer Have a Poorer Prognosis of COVID-19? An Experience in New York City. date: 2020-04-21 words: 418.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320994-3ahwc3aq.txt summary: Zhang However, the mortality rates of COVID-19 in cancer patients were lower than those in patients without cancer in age groups older than 50 years, though they were not statistically significant. 3 Patients with cancer have impaired immune systems, which may decrease the frequency of overwhelming lung inflammation, contributing to these patients'' non-inferior mortality rates. 4, 5 Nevertheless, in young populations, whose mortality rate from COVID-19 is very low in general, baseline fragility in cancer patients may lead to a relatively higher rate of deaths. Further study based on the individual patients'' data is warranted for a better understanding of the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: A retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer Relative risk of intubation or death in patients with or without cancer stratified by age groups Intubation (event / total) Death (event / total) abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753420393030?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.006 id: cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author: Mjåset, Christer title: On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date: 2020-05-06 words: 1851.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt summary: An emergency unit of leading health care officials was formed, and a clear strategy was developed to flatten the curve of newly infected individuals to prevent overwhelming the health care services and to reduce mortality rates.13 , 14 Based on reports from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, an early and important measure turned out to be the early and aggressive testing regime.15 It included testing of all people in confirmed contact with confirmed Covid-19 cases, people who recently had been traveling in outbreak areas, such as Italy and China, and screening of people with current airway infections.16 " The information gathered from the test data directly led to the decision on March 12, 2020, to close schools and quarantine everyone entering the country for 14 days, as it was becoming obvious that the virus was spreading freely in communities.17 , 18 As of April 12, Norway had tested 23.21 people per 1,000 population for Covid-19. abstract: Early action and a unified approach by a Norwegian health care system that features universal care and a single public payer has contributed to successes in dealing with the novel coronavirus. There have been challenges, of course, and other factors cannot be overlooked, such as the nation’s relatively healthy population, which is small and well dispersed. This article outlines how Norway has responded, and how others may benefit from that experience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371297/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0120 id: cord-312477-2y88gzji author: Mlcochova, P. title: Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. date: 2020-06-18 words: 4920.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312477-2y88gzji.txt summary: title: Combined point of care nucleic acid and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study in suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. Methods We developed (i) an in vitro neutralization assay using a lentivirus expressing a genome encoding luciferase and pseudotyped with spike protein and (ii) an ELISA test to detect IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then prospectively recruited participants with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a combined nasal/throat swab using the standard laboratory RT-PCR and a validated rapid nucleic acid test. We then prospectively recruited participants with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a combined nasal/throat swab using the standard laboratory RT-PCR and a validated rapid nucleic acid test. abstract: Abstract Background Rapid COVID-19 diagnosis in hospital is essential for patient management and identification of infectious patients to limit the potential for nosocomial transmission. The diagnosis is complicated by 30-50% of COVID-19 hospital admissions with negative nose/throat swabs negative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, frequently after the first week of illness when SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses become detectable. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of combined rapid antibody point of care (POC) and nucleic acid assays for suspected COVID-19 disease in the emergency department. Methods We developed (i) an in vitro neutralization assay using a lentivirus expressing a genome encoding luciferase and pseudotyped with spike protein and (ii) an ELISA test to detect IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We tested two promising candidate lateral flow rapid fingerprick test with bands for IgG and IgM. We then prospectively recruited participants with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in a combined nasal/throat swab using the standard laboratory RT-PCR and a validated rapid nucleic acid test. Additionally, serum collected at admission was retrospectively tested by in vitro neutralization, ELISA and the candidate POC antibody tests. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the individual and combined rapid POC diagnostic tests against a composite gold standard of neutralisation and the standard laboratory RT-PCR. Results 45 participants had specimens tested for nucleic acid in nose/throat swabs as well as stored sera for antibodies. Serum neutralisation assay, SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG ELISA and the POC antibody test results were concordant. Using the composite gold standard, prevalence of COVID-19 disease was 53.3% (24/45). Median age was 73.5 (IQR 54.0-86.5) years in those with COVID-19 disease by our gold standard and 63.0 (IQR 41.0-72.0) years in those without disease. Median duration of symptoms was 7 days (IQR 1-8) in those with infection. The overall sensitivity of rapid NAAT diagnosis was 79.2% (95CI 57.8-92.9%) and 50.0% (11.8-88.2) at days 8-28. Sensitivity and specificity of the combined rapid POC diagnostic tests reached 100% (95CI 85.8-100) and 94.7% (95CI 74.0-99.0) overall. Conclusions Dual point of care SARS-CoV-2 testing can significantly improve diagnostic sensitivity, whilst maintaining high specificity. Rapid combined tests have the potential to transform our management of COVID-19, including inflammatory manifestations where nucleic acid test results are negative. A rapid combined approach will also aid recruitment into clinical trials and in prescribing therapeutics, particularly where potentially harmful immune modulators (including steroids) are used. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.16.20133157v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133157 id: cord-350822-m3t7l9zw author: Mo, Yuanyuan title: Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic date: 2020-05-20 words: 3619.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350822-m3t7l9zw.txt summary: AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the work stress load among Chinese nurses who support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors for the development of psychological interventions for Chinese nurses in order that they can adjust to public health emergencies. The results showed that whether the participants are the only child in their families, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors influencing the stress load of nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19, which can explain 52.1% of the total variation, as shown in Table 2 . abstract: AIMS: To investigate the work stress among Chinese nurses who are supporting Wuhan in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and to explore the relevant influencing factors. BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 epidemic has posed a major threat to public health. Nurses have always played an important role in infection prevention, infection control, isolation, containment and public health. However, available data on the work stress among these nurses are limited. METHODS: A cross‐sectional survey. An online questionnaire was completed by 180 anti‐epidemic nurses from Guangxi. Data collection tools, including the Chinese version of the Stress Overload Scale (SOS) and the Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), were used. Descriptive single factor correlation and multiple regression analyses were used in exploring the related influencing factors. RESULTS: The SOS (39.91 ± 12.92) and SAS (32.19 ± 7.56) scores of this nurse group were positively correlated (r = 0.676, p < .05). Multiple regression analysis showed that only children, working hours per week and anxiety were the main factors affecting nurse stress (p = .000, .048, .000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses who fight against COVID‐19 were generally under pressure. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse leaders should pay attention to the work stress and the influencing factors of the nurses who are fighting against COVID‐19 infection, and offer solutions to retain mental health among these nurses. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014 doi: 10.1111/jonm.13014 id: cord-256878-3e2fcx9k author: Moadel, Renee M. title: Remaining Academically Connected While Socially Distant: Leveraging Technology to Support Dispersed Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Training Programs in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-15 words: 900.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256878-3e2fcx9k.txt summary: As a novel solution to improving didactic review of cases with the trainees, we have made use of the "present desktop" and "request control" capabilities of this communication tool. While viewing a case, either the attending or the resident can share their screen and both physicians can control the mouse, scroll through the images and point out salient findings, while conversing in real time with each other (Fig 1) . One potential challenge regarding this technique relates to image fidelity when using screen share; both users can independently review the case on their workstation, using the communication window in parallel as a teaching tool. Until such time that dedicated teacher-learner communication programs are organically built into the imaging workstations, a suite of features may already be present within an institution''s enterprise-wide set of software tools. Screen-capture of a Skype for Business call between trainee and attending physician employing "present desktop" and "request control" features. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1076633220301975 doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.005 id: cord-315278-iv2zj67t author: Moazzam, Zorays title: Intussusception in an infant as a manifestation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 words: 2166.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315278-iv2zj67t.txt summary: This is the first documented case of survival in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting with intussusception as the primary manifestation. A case series from the UK documented 8 COVID-19 patients presenting with fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea with a working diagnosis of systemic sepsis secondary to suspected appendicitis [6] . According to our literature review, this is only the second such instance of a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting to a healthcare center with intussusception as the primary manifestation, and the first documented case in which the patient survived. This would be the first such reported incidence of intussusception as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with no respiratory symptoms. We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first documented instance of survival in a case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive pediatric patient. Clinical Characteristics of 5 COVID-19 Cases With Non-respiratory Symptoms as the First Manifestation in Children abstract: Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are rare and have primarily been limited to diarrhea or vomiting. Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants, with up to 30% of pediatric intussusception cases having a preceding viral illness. We present the rare case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive infant. This is the first documented case of survival in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting with intussusception as the primary manifestation. As our knowledge of this disease evolves, surgeons need to remain suspicious for possible gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834997/ doi: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101533 id: cord-138473-cajdh1z1 author: Mobiny, Aryan title: Radiologist-Level COVID-19 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks date: 2020-04-16 words: 7881.0 sentences: 393.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-138473-cajdh1z1.txt summary: Motivated by this challenge, our paper proposes a novel learning architecture, called Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks (DECAPS), for the automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Motivated by the urgent need, recent work has developed a number of artificial intelligence models for automatic diagnosis or arXiv:2004.07407v1 [eess.IV] 16 Apr 2020 Detection Using CT Scans with Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks 2 assessment of COVID-19 from CT scans and chest radiographic data [10, 11, 12, 13] . • We propose a novel detail-oriented capsule network architecture capable of identifying fine-grained and discriminative image features to classify COVID-19 patients. To address this limitation, we implemented a unique CapsNet architecture, loss function, and inverted routing mechanism which increases the weight of votes derived from ROIs. This effectively improves the quality of the input information being passed to each parent, thus strengthening the networks ability to build part-whole relationships. abstract: Radiographic images offer an alternative method for the rapid screening and monitoring of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This approach is limited by the shortage of radiology experts who can provide a timely interpretation of these images. Motivated by this challenge, our paper proposes a novel learning architecture, called Detail-Oriented Capsule Networks (DECAPS), for the automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Our network combines the strength of Capsule Networks with several architecture improvements meant to boost classification accuracies. First, DECAPS uses an Inverted Dynamic Routing mechanism which increases model stability by preventing the passage of information from non-descriptive regions. Second, DECAPS employs a Peekaboo training procedure which uses a two-stage patch crop and drop strategy to encourage the network to generate activation maps for every target concept. The network then uses the activation maps to focus on regions of interest and combines both coarse and fine-grained representations of the data. Finally, we use a data augmentation method based on conditional generative adversarial networks to deal with the issue of data scarcity. Our model achieves 84.3% precision, 91.5% recall, and 96.1% area under the ROC curve, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods. We compare the performance of the DECAPS model with three experienced, well-trained thoracic radiologists and show that the architecture significantly outperforms them. While further studies on larger datasets are required to confirm this finding, our results imply that architectures like DECAPS can be used to assist radiologists in the CT scan mediated diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07407v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-313716-pw0odm88 author: Moccia, Lorenzo title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population date: 2020-04-20 words: 2836.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313716-pw0odm88.txt summary: title: Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ "Confidence" (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and "Discomfort with closeness" (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective. To the best of our knowledge, our survey results are the first showing that a relevant percentage of the Italian population might have experienced from mild to moderate-to-severe psychological distress symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and that both temperament and AAS features may predict the extent of mental health burden. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In our sample (n=500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR: 1.24; p<0.001), depressive (OR: 1.52; p<0.001) and anxious (OR: 1.58; p=0.002) temperaments, and the ASQ “Need for approval” (OR: 1.08; p=0.01) were risk factors for moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to no distress, while the ASQ “Confidence” (OR: 0.89; p=0.002) and “Discomfort with closeness” were protective (OR: 0.92; p=0.001). Cyclothymic (OR: 1.17; p=0.008) and depressive (OR: 1.32; p=0.003) temperaments resulted as risk factors in subjects with moderate-to-severe psychological distress compared to mild distress, while the ASQ “Confidence” (OR: 0.92; p=0.039) and “Discomfort with closeness” (OR: 0.94; p=0.023) were protective. Our data indicated that a relevant rate of individuals may have experienced psychological distress following the COVID-19 outbreak. Specific affective temperament and attachment features predict the extent of mental health burden. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first data available on the psychological impact of the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sizeable sample of the Italian population. Moreover, our study is the first to investigate temperament and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048 id: cord-284257-zplfyqqi author: Mocco, J title: In Reply: May Cooler Heads Prevail During a Pandemic: Stroke in COVID-19 Patients or COVID-19 in Stroke Patients? date: 2020-08-28 words: 2341.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284257-zplfyqqi.txt summary: Our report, as accepted and published in the NEJM, is a factual account of our observation of a higher than usual number of young patients with large vessel stroke presenting during the peak of the COVID-19 in New York City. To help clarify the scientific and factual inaccuracies as presented by Drs Spiotta and Alawieh, we provide the following brief responses to the statements made in their letter 1 : 1) "Systemic inflammation that may occur after severe COVID-19 infection promotes a prothrombotic state that may predispose to thrombotic events, including stroke. In fact, data is also published specifically addressing macrothrombosis in the internal carotid artery in mild COVID patients, 14, 15 with stroke as a presenting symptom of the disease, 4 newly presenting emergent large vessel occlusions with COVID-19 being a very different population compared to typical ELVO patients 16 and demonstrating that COVID-19 is associated with a 7.6 fold increased odds of suffering stroke as compared to influenza (a similar respiratory virus previously demonstrated to be associated with stroke). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa385 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa385 id: cord-332625-3rvis2gy author: Modell, Stephen M. title: Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date: 2020-06-16 words: 5395.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332625-3rvis2gy.txt summary: This inspection of the pandemic from the view of Detroit will examine the epidemiology of the coronavirus, translation of professional practice into people''s awareness of the chronic disease risk factors which are prevalent in Detroit, moral and ethical views on the distribution of resources, and three major ways that religious faith has helped to sustain people''s health and welfare in the midst of the broad social challenges posed by this novel coronavirus. States Dr. Abdul El-Sayed, who resurrected the Detroit Health Department from the city''s municipal bankruptcy in 2013, "I think if you''re working an $11-an-hour job that has no paid sick leave and no protection guarantee, that being forced to go out and do your job or lose it in the middle of a pandemic is going to increase your probability of either contracting an infectious disease or transmitting it" (Bach 2020) . abstract: The 2019/2020 COVID outbreak has surfaced as a global pandemic. The news has carried stories of the heroic efforts of medical and other health practitioners, with public health officials charting the course of spread. In an urban center like Detroit, the generosity of everyday citizens and church organizations has also played an important role. This inspection of the pandemic from the view of Detroit will examine the epidemiology of the coronavirus, translation of professional practice into people’s awareness of the chronic disease risk factors which are prevalent in Detroit, moral and ethical views on the distribution of resources, and three major ways that religious faith has helped to sustain people’s health and welfare in the midst of the broad social challenges posed by this novel coronavirus. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 id: cord-253736-cd4qnp2m author: Modenese, Alberto title: Increased Risk of COVID-19-Related Deaths among General Practitioners in Italy date: 2020-06-03 words: 2353.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253736-cd4qnp2m.txt summary: Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Such studies will allow the identification of specific occupational hazards and possible increased risk of infection and mortality among various categories of HCWs. Considering the currently available Italian data, the trend in deaths suggests that the work-related contagion of GPs was more critical during the first weeks of the epidemic in Italy, with a slight decrease in more recent days, even if the proportion is still very high for GPs. The relatively high number of death cases among GPs deserves some examination. abstract: To date, data on COVID-19-related death cases among physicians from different medical specialties are incomplete and scattered. In Italy, available data highlight that general practitioners (GPs) are, apparently, the most heavily affected group. Indeed, they currently represent 44.1% of the total COVID-19 related death cases occurred among physicians, whereas they constitute about 15% of the total number of doctors. This high proportion is most likely the consequence of a work-related contagion happening especially during the first weeks of the epidemic, and persisting also in the following weeks, after the national lockdown. There are various reasons for these higher contagion rates: GPs perform a lot of medical examinations daily, usually in close contact with patients. Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. Furthermore, the risk of infection is highly increased by the virus’ characteristics, like its survival for several hours/days on different surfaces and its persistence in the air after an aerosolization process, with possibilities to be transmitted over distances longer than two meters. Following these observations, and considering the high cost in term of GPs’ lives, the COVID-19 pandemic will probably revolutionize the approach to patients in general practice. Clear and effective guidelines are absolutely and urgently needed for the refinement of adequate measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections among GPs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503304/ doi: 10.3390/healthcare8020155 id: cord-349104-p0egfpx9 author: Modi, Anita R. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient living with human immunodeficiency virus date: 2020-06-17 words: 1207.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349104-p0egfpx9.txt summary: Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID‐19‐infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). COVID-19, HIV, hydroxychloroquine, immunocompromised, orthotopic liver transplantation Solid organ transplant recipients living with HIV uniquely demonstrate features of both immune suppression and immune activation, as evidenced by the increased rates of allograft rejection in such patients. We hope to contribute to the literature of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients by describing an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipient with well-controlled HIV who experienced a mild flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can manifest with flu‐like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID‐19‐infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID‐19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well‐controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu‐like illness attributed to SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500666/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13351 id: cord-268135-77emtyen author: Moghadam, Vahid Damanpak title: Letter to the Editor: Additional Recommendations before Intubation of COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-30 words: 399.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268135-77emtyen.txt summary: For instance, in a review article published by Jiang et al., respiratory symptoms including cough and dyspnea, are the common initial findings in such patients after fever. Based on recommendation of this article, anesthesiologists can use injection of lidocaine through the working throat channels before intubation and lidocaine spray as a topical anesthesia in awake patients, but as we know, this type of administrating lidocaine can cause further irritation of airway and tracheal spasm. Therefore, as a resolve of this problem and preventing cough in patients infected with COVID-19, we propose injecting intravenous lidocaine or dexmedetomidine before administrating tracheal intubation. The systematic review and meta-analysis articles published by Clivio et al. Expert recommendations for tracheal intubation in critically ill patients with noval coronavirus disease 2019 Intravenous lidocaine for the prevention of cough: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Medications to reduce emergence coughing after general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001929420300286 doi: 10.24920/003744 id: cord-295398-soa71kwx author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: The implications of silent transmission for the control of COVID-19 outbreaks date: 2020-07-28 words: 1957.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295398-soa71kwx.txt summary: Our results indicate that symptom-based isolation must be supplemented by rapid contact tracing and testing that identifies asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, in order to safely lift current restrictions and minimize the risk of resurgence. Our results indicate that symptom-based isolation must be supplemented by rapid contact tracing and testing that identifies asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, in order to safely lift current restrictions and minimize the risk of resurgence. To quantify the population-level contribution of silent transmission to COVID-19 spread, we extended our previous model (2, 3) to include asymptomatic infections and the presymptomatic stage, parameterized with data regarding the trajectory of symptom onset and the proportion of secondary cases generated in each stage of infection (1, 4) . Our results highlight the role of silent transmission as the primary driver of COVID-19 outbreaks and underscore the need for mitigation strategies, such as contact tracing, that detect and isolate infectious individuals prior to the onset of symptoms. abstract: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), unprecedented movement restrictions and social distancing measures have been implemented worldwide. The socioeconomic repercussions have fueled calls to lift these measures. In the absence of population-wide restrictions, isolation of infected individuals is key to curtailing transmission. However, the effectiveness of symptom-based isolation in preventing a resurgence depends on the extent of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. We evaluate the contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission based on recent individual-level data regarding infectiousness prior to symptom onset and the asymptomatic proportion among all infections. We found that the majority of incidences may be attributable to silent transmission from a combination of the presymptomatic stage and asymptomatic infections. Consequently, even if all symptomatic cases are isolated, a vast outbreak may nonetheless unfold. We further quantified the effect of isolating silent infections in addition to symptomatic cases, finding that over one-third of silent infections must be isolated to suppress a future outbreak below 1% of the population. Our results indicate that symptom-based isolation must be supplemented by rapid contact tracing and testing that identifies asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, in order to safely lift current restrictions and minimize the risk of resurgence. url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008373117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2008373117 id: cord-288080-rr9e61ay author: Mohadab, Mohamed El title: Bibliometric method for mapping the state of the art of scientific production in Covid-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 2862.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288080-rr9e61ay.txt summary: The latest statistics indicate that there has been an exponential increase in the number of publications since the discovery of the Covid-19 pandemic; the results provide a comprehensive view of interdisciplinary research in medicine, biology, finance and other fields. So the use of bibliometric analysis [2] to identify and analyze the scientific performance of authors, articles, journals, institutions, countries through the analysis of keywords and the number of citations constitutes an essential element which provides researchers with the means to identify avenues and new directions in relation to a theme of scientific research. In order to observe and evaluate the trends in publications in the thematic of Covid-19, the VOSviewer software was used to analyze the academic literature and examine the evolution of published articles, co-authorship, geographic area (country) of authors, co-citation, co-occurrence. Afterwards, a bibliometric analysis method was adopted in order to map the state of the art on the theme of Covid-19, so the three scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed) were used. abstract: Global scientific production around the Covid-19 pandemic, in the various disciplines on the various international scientific bibliographic databases, has grown exponentially. The latter builds a source of scientific enrichment and an important lever for most researchers around the world, each of its field and its position with an ultimate aim of overcoming this pandemic. In this direction, bibliometric data constitute a fundamental source in the process of evaluation of scientific production in the academic world; bibliometrics provides researchers and institutions with crucial strategic information for the enhancement of their research results with the local and international scientific community, especially in this international pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834606/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110052 id: cord-259660-x9sobzyw author: Mohakud, Nirmal K title: An Assumed Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature date: 2020-09-26 words: 1435.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259660-x9sobzyw.txt summary: In the present report, we describe a premature newborn, who was born to a primigravida mother with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. The newborn tested positive at 12 hours of life for COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the tracheal aspirate sample [9] . The authors in one review reported 179 cases of newborns tested positive at birth, whose mothers were infected in the third trimester of pregnancy [5] . The authors of one study described that three newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection had positive antibodies (IgM and IgG) at birth [7, 8] . In the present report, the index newborn was tested positive at 12 hours of life without any features of symptomatic COVID-19 infection [9] . Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn A neonate born to mother with COVID-19 during pregnancy & HELLP syndrome: a possible vertical transmission abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected persons of all ages, including the newborns. Few published case reports and case series have described the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19. In the present report, we describe a young primigravida at 33 weeks of gestation, who presented with a four-day history of low-grade fever, malaise, and breathing difficulty. She underwent testing of nasopharyngeal swab sample by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which was positive for COVID-19. Cesarean section was done, and a preterm low birthweight baby was delivered. The baby required resuscitation at birth and was mechanically ventilated for a shorter duration. A tracheal aspirate that was taken at 12 hours of life tested positive for COVID-19. The course and outcome of the newborn are described here along with the possibility of vertical transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10659 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10659 id: cord-342360-d7qc20i4 author: Mohamad, Siti Mazidah title: Creative Production of ‘COVID‐19 Social Distancing’ Narratives on Social Media date: 2020-06-03 words: 6071.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342360-d7qc20i4.txt summary: Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ''social distancing'' narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. As there is not much information known on audience''s social media consumption in risk communication and their individualised, as well as contextualised risk perception, a preliminary research on how the audience deliver and circulate COVID-19 related content on social media was conducted, leading to this preliminary finding on the active involvement of young people in highlighting the significance of social distancing in flattening the curve in the country. abstract: This paper offers an insight into the role of young people in shifting risk perception of the current global pandemic, COVID‐19, via social distancing narratives on social media. Young people are creatively and affectively supporting the social distancing initiatives in Brunei Darussalam through the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, and Tik Tok. Using qualitative content analysis (QCA) data of social media content by Bruneian youth, this paper reveals the localised and contextualised creative production of five ‘social distancing’ narratives as a response to the national and global concerns in times of a global pandemic: narrative of fear; narrative of responsibility; narrative of annoyance; narrative of fun; and narrative of resistance. This paper reflects on three key socio‐cultural reconfigurations that have broader implications beyond the COVID‐19 crisis: new youth spatialities and social engagements; youth leadership in development; and consideration of social participation and reach in risk communication. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836482/ doi: 10.1111/tesg.12430 id: cord-341420-bfzto2lz author: Mohamed, Chekkal title: Prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability: recommendations of the Algerian society of transfusion and hemobiology date: 2020-10-03 words: 1045.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341420-bfzto2lz.txt summary: In addition, other studies have shown that many deceased patients have diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) set by the International Society of Hemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) The office of the Algerian Society of Transfusion and Hemobiology composed of hemostasis and blood transfusion experts from Algerian hospitals on the epidemic front line have established a consensus on the issue through 4 axes: Indication of thromboprophylaxis, monitoring of hemostasis, indications of transfusion in the event of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and anticoagulant treatment after discharge All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should receive LMWH thromboprophylaxis unless the risk of bleeding is greater such as in cases of thrombocytopenia with a blood platelet count less than 50 x 10 9 /L, thrombopathy, history of bleeding episodes, coagulation factor deficiency or a stroke in the last 3 months. abstract: Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has spread throughout the world. Coagulation dysfunction is one of the major causes of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Several recent observations in Algeria and elsewhere maintain that a pulmonary embolism is frequent in patients with COVID-19 with a high incidence in intensive care. In addition, other studies have shown that many deceased patients have diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) set by the International Society of Hemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) The office of the Algerian Society of Transfusion and Hemobiology composed of hemostasis and blood transfusion experts from Algerian hospitals on the epidemic front line have established a consensus on the issue through 4 axes: Indication of thromboprophylaxis, monitoring of hemostasis, indications of transfusion in the event of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and anticoagulant treatment after discharge url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2020.09.004 doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.09.004 id: cord-288066-sh6n2c3n author: Mohamed, Mohamed S. title: Sex differences in COVID-19: the role of androgens in disease severity and progression date: 2020-11-11 words: 2489.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288066-sh6n2c3n.txt summary: Variants in the androgen receptor gene correlate with androgen sensitivity and are implicated in diseases like androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer, conditions that have been associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes and hospitalization. The proposed mechanism behind this effect is based on the idea that androgen receptor and, subsequently, TMPPRSS2 expression affects the SARS-COV2 virus ability to enter host cells and its spike proteins affinity to bind ACE2 receptors (Fig. 1 ). SARS-CoV2 spike proteins are then primed by TMPRSS2, allowing the interaction with ACE2 receptors to enter host cells Fig. 2 Theoretical mechanisms suggesting CAG repeats length and associated androgen sensitivity as a predictor for COVID-19 disease severity lack of control groups or testosterone levels prior to infection, the results warrant consideration. Increased androgen receptor expression might lead to a higher risk of acquiring a severe COVID-19 disease by promoting TMPRSS2 transcription (Fig. 2) . Androgen Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Levels and Is Associated with Severe COVID-19 Symptoms in Men abstract: PURPOSE: Throughout the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, multiple reports show higher percentages of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality among men than women, indicating that men are more affected by COVID-19. The pathophysiology of this difference is yet not established, but recent studies suggest that sex hormones may influence the viral infectivity process. Here, we review the current evidence of androgen sensitivity as a decisive factor for COVID-19 disease severity. METHODS: Relevant literature investigating the role of androgens in COVID-19 was assessed. Further, we describe several drugs suggested as beneficial for COVID-19 treatment related to androgen pathways. Lastly, we looked at androgen sensitivity as a predictor for COVID-19 progression and ongoing clinical trials on androgen suppression therapies as a line of treatment. RESULTS: SARS-COV2 virus spike proteins utilize Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) for host entry. Androgen receptors are transcription promoters for TMPRSS2 and can, therefore, facilitate SARS-COV2 entry. Variants in the androgen receptor gene correlate with androgen sensitivity and are implicated in diseases like androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer, conditions that have been associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Androgen’s TMPRSS2-mediated actions might explain both the low fatalities observed in prepubertal children and the differences between sexes regarding SARS-COV2 infection. Androgen sensitivity may be a critical factor in determining COVID-19 disease severity, and sensitivity tests can, therefore, help in predicting patient outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33179220/ doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02536-6 id: cord-285369-ktg2b9jb author: Mohamed, Mouhand F. H. title: Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-02 words: 3221.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285369-ktg2b9jb.txt summary: title: Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Hence, we aimed to pool the proportion of various reported lung abnormalities detected by LUS in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. The finding from our review highlights the potential role of this modality in the triage, diagnosis, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients. We used a proportion meta-analysis to summarize or pool the frequency of various findings on lung US (based on our scoping review, we concluded that the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy could not be computed from the constituent studies). Forest plot presenting (A) the pooled proportion of B-pattern and (B) consolidation (the higher frequency of subpleural or pulmonary consolidations reported by the primary study) detected by lung ultrasound in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. 2020: Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity, mortality, and strained healthcare systems worldwide. Thus, a search for modalities that can expedite and improve the diagnosis and management of this entity is underway. Recent data suggested the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis of COVID-19 by detecting an interstitial pattern (B-pattern). Hence, we aimed to pool the proportion of various reported lung abnormalities detected by LUS in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE until April 25, 2020) and a proportion meta-analysis. We included seven studies examining the role of LUS in 122 COVID-19 patients. The pooled proportion (PP) of B-pattern detected by lung ultrasound (US) was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00 I(2) 0%, Q 4.6). The PP of finding pleural line abnormalities was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.13–1.00 I(2) 96%, Q 103.9), of pleural thickening was 0.54 (95% 0.11–0.95 I(2) 93%, Q 61.1), of subpleural or pulmonary consolidation was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.21–0.58 I(2) 72%, Q 17.8), and of pleural effusion was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.00–0.37 I(2) 93%, Q 27.3). Our meta-analysis revealed that almost all SARS-CoV-2–infected patients have abnormal lung US. The most common abnormality is interstitial involvement depicted as B-pattern. The finding from our review highlights the potential role of this modality in the triage, diagnosis, and follow-up of COVID-19 patients. A sizable diagnostic accuracy study comparing LUS, computed tomography scan, and COVID-19–specific tests is warranted to further test this finding and to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic yield of each of these modalities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500849/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0371 id: cord-032820-l0vkq0j3 author: Mohamed, Sherif title: Incidence and pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke in the COVID-19 pandemic: the dilemma date: 2020-09-29 words: 1620.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032820-l0vkq0j3.txt summary: BACKGROUND: While COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 26 million people worldwide, still, the definite link between COVID-19 and incidence of stroke remains to be re-evaluated. The COVID-19 pandemic has, in different ways, negative impacts on care of stroke patients worldwide, and still, many challenges are faced by neurologists to improve care of stroke patients during such crisis. Another explanation may come from the observation that air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; we had seen a strikingly reduced air pollution during the pandemic secondary to lockdown; this phenomenon could have a protective effect against stroke [4] . From our experience, it was observed that the presence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in patients with SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV was associated with worse outcomes. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis of published literature abstract: BACKGROUND: While COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 26 million people worldwide, still, the definite link between COVID-19 and incidence of stroke remains to be re-evaluated. MAIN BODY: Many pathophysiologic and immunologic mechanisms have been implicated in stroke occurring among patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has, in different ways, negative impacts on care of stroke patients worldwide, and still, many challenges are faced by neurologists to improve care of stroke patients during such crisis. In this brief report, we try to discuss these issues. CONCLUSIONS: Although the control of COVID-19 is of crucial importance, at the same time, the management of stroke must not be neglected. Therefore, introducing care for critical conditions such as stroke, and providing strategies to ensure this proceeds, is a priority even at the time of the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7522925/ doi: 10.1186/s43168-020-00033-y id: cord-318520-hgjv7ot9 author: Mohamed, Sherif title: Death due to Cardiac Arrest in a Young Female With Highly Suspected COVID-19: A Case Report date: 2020-08-30 words: 1942.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318520-hgjv7ot9.txt summary: As COVID-19 patients are commonly having clotting disorders, endothelial and organ dysfunction, coagulopathy, and liable for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), it is important to select those COVID-19 patients who are at higher risk of PTE, and practice CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the diagnosis of PTE, especially in case of significant increase of D-dimer values. Recently, the CDC has created a list of certain comorbidities that have been associated with severe disease (defined as infection resulting in hospitalization, admission to the ICU, intubation or mechanical ventilation, or death) [3] . Back to the clinical presentation of our case report, we thought that the patient had the diagnosis of severe COVID-19 disease, despite that swab came negative. We recommend that it is of crucial importance to select those COVID-19 patients at higher risk of PTE and practice CT pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis of PTE, especially in case of significant increase of D-dimer values. abstract: Despite the common clinical presentations of the pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) being well-known, there remain issues on its atypical or rare presentations. Moreover, despite the known risk factors for severe COVID-19 are cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic lung disease, and advanced age, still younger patients suffer from this disease. Herein, we present a case report of a 28-year-old female patient who was presented to the ED with cardiac arrest, then died within 12 hours. First swab testing by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) came negative. However, she has typical CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia, along with an echocardiographic picture of acute cor pulmonale. Though it is rare, cardiac arrest can happen in young apparently healthy patients with COVID-19. As COVID-19 patients are commonly having clotting disorders, endothelial and organ dysfunction, coagulopathy, and liable for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), it is important to select those COVID-19 patients who are at higher risk of PTE, and practice CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the diagnosis of PTE, especially in case of significant increase of D-dimer values. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10127 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10127 id: cord-031739-4hapxw7l author: Mohamed, Yahye Garad title: Clinical and chest CT presentations from 27 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Mogadishu, Somalia: a descriptive study date: 2020-09-11 words: 2077.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031739-4hapxw7l.txt summary: From March 20 to April 20, 2020, a clinical and chest CT imaging data of 27 patients (mean age, 43 ± 14 years; 70.4% male and 29.6% female) with laboratoryconfirmed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with throat swab samples diagnosed as SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were included in this study. The clinical data analyzed were as follows: age, sex, comorbid conditions, exposure history, signs and symptoms (fever, dry cough, SOB, myalgia, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, vomit, and nausea), and laboratory results (C-reactive protein, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils). Based on recently published data, most of the patients with COVID-19 had characteristics of chest CT features in the disease process such as ground-glass opacities (GGOs), mixed GGC, crazy paving pattern, consolidation, air bronchogram, bronchial dilatation, reticular pattern, and subpleural linear opacity [10] [11] [12] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral pneumonia that had recently been found in humans. The first case was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019. In this article, we aimed to demonstrate the clinical and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Somalia from 20 March 2020 to 20 April 2020. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients that had a positive RT-PCR test between 20 March 2020 and 20 April 2020 were retrospectively observed. This study included 19 (70.4%) males and 8 (29.6%) females, and the mean age and range were 43 years (SD ± 14.0) and 27–70 years, respectively. The majority (59.3%) of COVID-19-infected patients had no obvious history of exposure to infected patients. The participants of our study mostly presented with dry cough 24 (88.9%) patients, fever 19 (70.4%), myalgia 18 (66.6%), and sore throat 16 (59.3%). Twenty-five of 27 patients had abnormal chest CT, while 2 (7.4%) patients had normal chest CT. The most common patterns of abnormality seen on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 were ground-glass opacity (GGO) 74.1%, crazy paving pattern 18.5%, consolidation 14.8%, and mixed GCO 11.1%. Also, the most common predominant lesion distributions were bilateral lung involvement (88.9%), peripheral distribution (77.8%), and lower lung predominance (63%). Particularly, lung cavitation, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusion, and underlying pulmonary fibrosis or emphysema had not been observed. CONCLUSION: Dry cough, fever, myalgia, and sore throat were the most clinical presentations. GGO, crazy paving pattern, patchy consolidation, and mixed GCO were the typical chest CT manifestations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484493/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00302-2 id: cord-292260-4zw08scs author: Mohamed-Hussein, A. title: Post-COVID-19 Functional Status: Relation to age, smoking, hospitalization and comorbidities date: 2020-09-01 words: 2373.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292260-4zw08scs.txt summary: Aim of the study: To assess the Post COVID-19 functional status in Egypt and to evaluate if age, gender, comorbidities have any effect on functional limitations in recovered COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, there was a substantial variance between the score of PCFS with age (P= 0.003), gender (P= 0.014), the duration since the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 (P <0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P<0.001), need for ICU admittance (P= 0.003), previous periodic influenza vaccination (P<0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001) and lastly the presence of any comorbid disorder (P <0.001). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182618 doi: medRxiv preprint COVID-19 symptoms onset (P <0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P <0.001), ICU admission (P = 0.003), seasonal influenza vaccination (P <0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001) and lastly the presence of any comorbid disorders (P <0.001) Table ( 3). abstract: Rational: Recently, a new Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale is recommended in the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is proposed that it could be used to display direct retrieval and the functional sequelae of COVID-19. Aim of the study: To assess the Post COVID-19 functional status in Egypt and to evaluate if age, gender, comorbidities have any effect on functional limitations in recovered COVID-19 patients. Patients and methods: A total of 444 registered confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. They were interviewed in our follow-up clinics or by calls and filled an Arabic translated PCFS scale in paper or online forms as well as their demographic and clinical data. Results: 80% of COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible (63.1%), slight (14.4%), moderate (2%) to severe (0.5%) based on PCFS. Furthermore, there was a substantial variance between the score of PCFS with age (P= 0.003), gender (P= 0.014), the duration since the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 (P <0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P<0.001), need for ICU admittance (P= 0.003), previous periodic influenza vaccination (P<0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001) and lastly the presence of any comorbid disorder (P <0.001). Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible to severe based on PCFS. These restrictions were affected by age, gender, periodic influenza vaccination, smoking, duration since symptoms onset, need for oxygen or ICU admittance, and lastly the presence of coexisting comorbidity. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.20182618 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.26.20182618 id: cord-328786-gkd9xcxa author: Mohammad, Laila Malani title: Necessity of brain imaging in COVID-19 infected patients presenting with acute neurological deficits date: 2020-08-13 words: 1080.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328786-gkd9xcxa.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary stabilization in the intensive care unit for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are often sedated, placing timely assessment of a neurological decline at risk. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we present two cases of COVID-19 infected young patients transferred to our facility in a cardio-pulmonary crisis, with a poor neurological exam. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the importance of early head imaging in COVID-19 patients with a poor neurological exam. 1 It is, therefore, important to obtain brain imaging in patients with a depressed neurological exam, so that those requiring invasive interventions can be identified early. Here we present two contrasting cases of COVID-19 infected patients, both of whom were found to have ischemic strokes, but only one undergwent timely neurosurgical intervention. 9 Although the pulmonary system remains a primary focus of COVID-19 related morbidity, our cases demonstrate that these patients can develop severe neurological sequalae, which should alert the medical team to obtain early brain imaging. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary stabilization in the intensive care unit for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are often sedated, placing timely assessment of a neurological decline at risk. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we present two cases of COVID-19 infected young patients transferred to our facility in a cardio-pulmonary crisis, with a poor neurological exam. While there was significant delay in obtaining brain imaging in the first patient, the second patient had timely recognition of her ischemic infarct, underwent emergent surgery, and is now doing well. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight the importance of early head imaging in COVID-19 patients with a poor neurological exam. While lungs remain the primary target of COVID-19, these cases alert the medical community to suspect involvement of the central nervous system, since there may be life-saving surgical interventions available. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2020.100883 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100883 id: cord-262786-otxpc46a author: Mohammadi, Soheil title: Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms date: 2020-09-01 words: 6290.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262786-otxpc46a.txt summary: Here, we review the currently available evidence to discuss the plausible immunologic pathways that may contribute to the development of COVID-19 neurological complications, namely Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizure, and brainstem involvement. Although the virus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), mainly manifests as an acute respiratory infection [2] , recent evidence suggests that 36% of affected patients exhibit neurological sequelae [3] . Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is defined as excessive host immune response against noxious stimuli (e.g., viral infection), through which the primary protective role of cytokine release turns into a detrimental response against host tissues, leading to impaired integrity of capillary walls and end-organ dysfunction [22] . We hypothesize that not only the persistent systemic inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 may act as a trigger for microglial activation but also large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted in response to this viral infection may aggravate neurodegeneration leading to AD. abstract: Similar to its predecessors, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits neurotrophic properties, which lead to progression of neurologic sequelae. Besides direct viral invasion to the central nervous system (CNS), indirect CNS involvement through viral-mediated immune response is plausible. Aberrant immune pathways such as extreme release of cytokines (cytokine storm), autoimmunity mediated by cross-reactivity between CNS components and viral particles, and microglial activation propagate CNS damage in these patients. Here, we review the currently available evidence to discuss the plausible immunologic pathways that may contribute to the development of COVID-19 neurological complications, namely Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, seizure, and brainstem involvement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32869183/ doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02094-y id: cord-349445-yh6ndtgm author: Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar title: Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost date: 2020-05-27 words: 11840.0 sentences: 618.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt summary: Therefore, researchers suggested that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may show a positive trend towards the severe inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction caused by stimulating the function of ACE/Ang II/AT-1 axis and thereby, towards the bad pulmonary effects associated with the COVID-19 infection [29, 30] . Since IL-6 would inactivate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), it could disrupt NO production [90] , decreasing its level and inducing a state of oxidative stress that may lead to Ang II-induced impairment in endothelial responses [91] Postulating impaired endothelium functions as a principal factor in the pathogenesis of heart failure, hypertension and diabetes, it will be expected to classify the patients of such diseases as high risk groups for COVID-19 development [92] [93] [94] . Taken into consideration the numerous harmful effects possibly induced by Ang II during COVID-19 pathogenesis, we found that most novel studies aim to use the anti-hypertensive drugs which act either by inhibiting the ACE activity or by blocking AT1 receptor, suggesting that action may mitigate the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. abstract: COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic disease that is caused by SARS-CoV2, inducing severe pneumonia in humans. However, several classes of repurposed drugs have been recommended, no specific vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 are developed till now. Viral dependence on ACE-2, as entry receptors, drove the researchers into RAS impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Several evidences have pointed at Neprilysin (NEP) as one of pulmonary RAS components. Considering the protective effect of NEP against pulmonary inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, it is suggested to direct the future efforts towards its potential role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Thus, the review aimed to shed light on the potential beneficial effects of NEP pathways as a novel target for COVID-19 therapy by summarizing its possible molecular mechanisms. Additional experimental and clinical studies explaining more the relationships between NEP and COVID-19 will greatly benefit in designing the future treatment approaches. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0006295220302914 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114057 id: cord-323934-vew4uxu4 author: Mohanty, S. K. title: Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany date: 2020-07-07 words: 3132.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323934-vew4uxu4.txt summary: title: Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany The USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden are four worst affected countries, accounting to over 40% of COVID-19 attributable deaths on longevity, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) in USA, Italy, Germay and Sweden. We have analysed four worst affected countries; namely USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany that The total deaths obtained from UN projection are estimated deaths in the absence of COVID-19 infection. The age specific COVID-19 attributable deaths for USA is collected from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [35] and that for Italy, Germany and Sweden is taken from Statista [36 -38] . Age specific assessment of Years of potential life lost (YPLL) under varying scenario of COVID-19 death share is presented in Table 3 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. abstract: In a short span of four months, the COVID-19 pandemic has added over 0.4 million deaths worldwide, which are untimely, premature and unwarranted. The USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden are four worst affected countries, accounting to over 40% of COVID-19 attributable deaths on longevity, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) in USA, Italy, Germay and Sweden. Data from United Nation Population Projection, Statista and Centre for disease control and prevention were used in the analyses. Life expectancy, YPLL and DALY were estimated under four scenarios; no COVID-19 deaths, actual number of COVID-19 deaths as of 22nd May, 2020 and anticipating COVID-19 death share of 6% and 10% , respectively. The COVID-19 attributable deaths have lowered the life expectancy by 0.4 year each in USA and Sweden, o.5 year in Italy and 0.1 year in Germany. The loss of YPLL was 1.5, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.5 million in USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden. Comapression in life expectancy and increase in YPLL and DALY may intensify further if death continues to soar. COVID-19 has a marked impact on mortality. Reduction in longevity, premature mortality and loss of DALY is higher among elderly. Key Words: COVID-19, Mortality, life expectancy, Italy, USA, Germany, Sweden url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.06.20147009v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.06.20147009 id: cord-260995-ji8aifck author: Mohindra, Pranshu title: Proposed brachytherapy recommendations (practical implementation, indications, and dose fractionation) during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-01 words: 2017.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 22.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260995-ji8aifck.txt summary: Long-term results of high-dose-rate brachytherapy in the primary treatment of medically inoperable stage I-II endometrial carcinoma Vaginal brachytherapy versus pelvic external beam radiotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer of high-intermediate risk (PORTEC-2): An open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial Long-term toxicity and health-related quality of life after single-fraction high dose rate brachytherapy boost and hypofractionated external beam radiotherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer A Phase II study of salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiotherapy Multi-Institutional phase II study of high-dose hypofractionated proton beam therapy in patients with localized, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Short-term outcome after neoadjuvant high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy or shortcourse external beam radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer High dose rate endorectal brachytherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment for patients with resectable rectal cancer Endorectal brachytherapy boost after external beam radiation therapy in elderly or medically inoperable patients with rectal cancer: Primary outcomes of the phase 1 HERBERT study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423787/ doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.04.009 id: cord-274558-1k7bi6ng author: Moiseev, Sergey title: Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 722.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.txt summary: We investigated the sex-related differences in the occurrence of comorbidities and mortality rates in a nationwide study in 1522 consecutive patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory support. In patients aged 50 years or younger, the mortality rates were similar in males and females (odds ratio [OR] p=0.021), whereas the requirement for mechanical ventilation did not differ between sexes. In all age groups, the occurrence of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity was higher in females than in males, although these differences reached statistical significance only in a proportion of cases (Table 1) . In summary, the mortality rate in the ICU patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was higher in males aged >50 years than in females of similar age. The differences between mortality rates in males and females cannot be explained by comorbidities, given the divergent trends in the occurrence of chronic illnesses that may worsen survival in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 id: cord-276676-lgt0rzob author: Moka, Eleni title: Best Practice in Cardiac Anesthesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Recommendations date: 2020-07-03 words: 5882.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276676-lgt0rzob.txt summary: Indeed, the pandemic has already affected cardiac surgery units in multiple ways: limited number of available ICU beds and ventilation sites, necessity to postpone or cancel elective and/or complex cardiac interventional procedures, patients developing COVID-19 post cardiac surgery, coronavirus patients necessitating urgent cardiac operations, cardiac anesthetists'' in-hospital transfer to staff and support ICUs in front of the pandemic, infected health care providers with consequent shortage of medical and nursing practitioners, restrictions in clinical meetings, and cancelation of training and continuing medical education [6, 8] . Based on the current understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and the clinical characteristics of cardiovascular surgical patients, in this review, the authors highlight related anesthesia concerns and provide practical recommendations in reference to perioperative planning and management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, along with a focus on disease control and prevention in the times of COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the entire health care system, including cardiac surgery. In this review, the authors reveal practical aspects that are important during the COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the safe delivery of cardiac anesthesia. Timing for operations of the cardio-vascular system may be well programmed, in most cases. Hence, the level of priorities must be defined for any single patient. The postponement of surgery may be convenient for most cases, if it is made in the best interest of the patient. The preanesthetic evaluation should keep attention to the respiratory history of the patient. Cardiac anesthesia is always implying some respiratory monitoring; hence the existing clinical situation of the patient’s respiratory system should be clear. In case of emergency surgery, the patient should be treated as if they potentially have or are at risk for the virus. In the case of a COVID-19 confirmed or suspected patient, attention must be made to preserve operating room and team integrity. The machineries are to be draped with plastic, in order to simplify the disinfection after the operation. Perioperative management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients must strictly follow the most relevant international guidelines. This review article has synthesized the common aspect present in the most important of these. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521689620300495?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.06.008 id: cord-342418-57cu4oeu author: Mol, B. W. title: Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis date: 2020-09-18 words: 3655.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342418-57cu4oeu.txt summary: title: Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis Objectives To balance the costs and effects comparing a strict lockdown versus a flexible social distancing strategy for societies affected by Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19). In Denmark, where a strict lockdown strategy was installed for months, the number of people dying with COVID-19 was on average 111 per million, resulting in an estimated 1,216 life years per million inhabitants lost. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.14.20194605 doi: medRxiv preprint costs and effects of a strict lockdown versus a more liberal social distancing strategy by comparing Sweden to Denmark. In this cost-effectiveness analysis, we compared a strict lockdown for COVID-19 disease as implemented in Denmark to the more liberal social distancing policy applied in Sweden. Under current Swedish policy 577 more people per million inhabitants died a COVID-19 related mortality as compared to Denmark, resulting in an additional 1,216 life years lost. abstract: Objectives To balance the costs and effects comparing a strict lockdown versus a flexible social distancing strategy for societies affected by Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19). Design Cost-effectiveness analysis. Participants We used societal data and COVID-19 mortality rates from the public domain. Interventions The intervention was a strict lockdown strategy that has been followed by Denmark. Reference strategy was flexible social distancing policy as was applied by Sweden. We derived mortality rates from COVID-19 national statistics, assumed the expected life years lost from each COVID-19 death to be 11 years and calculated lost life years until 31st August 2020. Expected economic costs were derived from gross domestic productivity (GDP) statistics from each country's official statistics bureau and forecasted GDP. The incremental financial costs of the strict lockdown were calculated by comparing Sweden with Denmark using externally available market information. Calculations were projected per one million inhabitants. In sensitivity analyses we varied the total cost of the lockdown (range -50% to +100%). Main outcome measure Financial costs per life years saved. Results In Sweden, the number of people who died with COVID-19 was 577 per million inhabitants, resulting in an estimated 6,350 life years lost per million inhabitants. In Denmark, where a strict lockdown strategy was installed for months, the number of people dying with COVID-19 was on average 111 per million, resulting in an estimated 1,216 life years per million inhabitants lost. The incremental costs of strict lockdown to save one life year was US$ 137,285, and higher in most of the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Comparisons of public health interventions for COVID-19 should take into account life years saved and not only lost lives. Strict lockdown costs more than US$ 130,000 per life year saved. As our all our assumptions were in favour of strict lockdown, a flexible social distancing policy in response to COVID19 is defendable. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.14.20194605v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.14.20194605 id: cord-340646-dj1gqzzt author: Molina, Gabriel A. title: COVID-19 in Ecuador, how the pandemic strained the surgical healthcare systems over the edge date: 2020-09-02 words: 1605.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340646-dj1gqzzt.txt summary: (4) Health care systems like our own and all over the world were not prepared for this disease, as we witnessed the human toll COVID-19 took in New York City, Madrid, and northern Italy. Four months after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador, we surgeons continue to work with resilience, adapting to the changes in our new role and enduring under these adverse circumstances. (7, 8) A worrisome side effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is the delay in surgical treatment for seriously ill patients. Nonetheless, the complete ramifications of this disease are yet to be seen, as surgical patients require close follow up to avoid complications and to provide necessary treatment when they arise. Please enter the name of the registry and the unique identifying number (UIN) of your study.The authors declare that the patient gave his consent to publish this case, and as this is a case report not human participants were involved in a study. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2405857220300693 doi: 10.1016/j.ijso.2020.08.012 id: cord-254919-fi3inp67 author: Molina, Melanie F. title: Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: 694.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254919-fi3inp67.txt summary: title: Nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and massive pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 A patient presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and lower extremity weakness in the setting of nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Given the high concern for pulmonary embolism with the above findings, computed tomography (CT) was performed and analysis of 183 confirmed COVID-19 patients demonstrating an 11.5% death rate. This patient''s coagulopathy may have been secondary to a combination of COVID-19 infection and N2O inhalant abuse leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. There are case reports illustrating a higher risk of VTE associated with chronic N2O inhalant abuse [6, 7] . Nitrous oxide leads to decreased Vitamin B12 levels with chronic abuse, which leads to increased homocysteinemia by inhibition of methionine synthase [7] . Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis caused by nitrous oxide abuse: A case report abstract: A patient presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and lower extremity weakness in the setting of nitrous oxide inhalant abuse and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. He subsequently developed hypotension and severe hypoxia, found to have a saddle pulmonary embolus (PE) with right heart strain requiring alteplase (tPA). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.023 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.023 id: cord-267618-ots27qks author: Molliqaj, Granit title: How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center date: 2020-05-08 words: 1195.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267618-ots27qks.txt summary: title: How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center Q1Q11 Q12 Q13 Q10 Granit Molliqaj and Karl Schaller BACKGROUND Who could have imagined that a virus in the 21st century could so quickly destabilize the world? 1 Nonetheless, on 30 January in Geneva, Switzerland, the Director-General of the World Health Organization made public that the outbreak of the new coronavirus 2019 met the criteria of a public health emergency of international concern. To date, Easter Monday (13 April 2020), more than 25,000 COVID-19Àpositive cases have been confirmed in laboratories and 884 deaths have been recorded for COVID-19 according to the Federal Office of Public Health (Figures 1 and 2) , and these numbers are steadily increasing. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.149 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.149 id: cord-030228-mx9ycsvo author: Momaya, Kirankumar S. title: Return from COVID-19: Thinking Differently About Export Competitiveness and Sustainability date: 2020-08-09 words: 4734.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030228-mx9ycsvo.txt summary: The classical method of situation-actor-process—learning-action-performance (SAP-LAP) is adapted for the context of an experimental bottom-up micro-pilot to ''Return from COVID-19''. Paradigms such as industrial organization (IO) and the Porter Diamond (Porter 1990) will remain popular, but may be of limited use to address the survival crisis of competitiveness being faced by a large number of start-ups, micro-, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), ventures and even focal firms (Momaya 2016) . The sustainability dimension of competitiveness is also important, but may need to wait a bit, as return from COVID-19 has become the first priority for most governments, industry associations, firms and even institutes. SAP-LAP is a very useful holistic framework that has been evolving through applications in diverse contexts, including one related to technology management and competitiveness (e.g. Sahoo et al. This section gives a glimpse of extending a popular approach, situation-actors-processes-learning-action-performance (SAP-LAP, Sushil 2001) by applying it to a challenging context of crisis. abstract: Times are really tough for millions across the world, and more so for poor populations in emerging countries, due to the strategic discontinuity called COVID-19. This perspective editorial urges to think differently in addressing issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting from an analogy of ‘signals from nature’, it gives a brief background about the relationship between competitiveness and sustainability. The classical method of situation-actor-process—learning-action-performance (SAP-LAP) is adapted for the context of an experimental bottom-up micro-pilot to ‘Return from COVID-19’. Glimpses of emerging findings from the pilot project in the context of academic institutions are shared. Topics for urgent and mid-term studies in the given context are listed, focusing on implications for the rebound of export activity. We will discuss ways for leaders to enhance export competitiveness despite COVID-19. This article contributes to the literature by extending SAP-LAP in an alternative micro-situation for an optimistic scenario. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7415196/ doi: 10.1007/s42943-020-00012-6 id: cord-264829-ynel6ore author: Momtazmanesh, Sara title: Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool date: 2020-07-13 words: 7952.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264829-ynel6ore.txt summary: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analyses were (1) to calculate pooled frequency of newly developed and pre-existing CVD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac symptoms as the initial presentations of COVID-19, elevation of cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, acute hepatic, and renal injury; (2) to investigate association of newly developed and pre-existing CVD (including any acquired cardiac disease, encompassing ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, or congenital heart disease) hypertension, and elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers with severity of the disease and mortality; (3) to define the clinical spectrum and mechanisms of the newly developed cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric and adult population, the spectrum of newly developed arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes and the pathologic findings of cardiac autopsies; and (4) to propose a TRST for timely detection and appropriate pathophysiologically targeted treatment of high-risk COVID-19 patients with associated CVD. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically affected global health. Despite several studies, there is yet a dearth of data regarding the mechanisms of cardiac injury, clinical presentation, risk factors, and treatment of COVID-19-associated cardiovascular disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at defining the clinical, electrocardiographic, and pathologic spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency of elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, and their frequency and relationship with severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients and to develop a triage risk stratification tool (TRST) that can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy. We conducted an online search in databases of PubMed and Embase to identify relevant studies. Data selection was in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results were presented as pooled frequencies, odds ratio, standardized mean difference (SMD), and forest and funnel plots. RESULTS: We gathered a total of 54 studies and included 35 of them in our meta-analysis. Acute cardiac injury occurred in more than 25% of cases, mortality was 20 times higher, and admission to intensive care unit increased by 13.5 times. Hypertension was the most common pre-existing comorbidity with a frequency of 29.2%, followed by diabetes mellitus (13.5%). The deceased group of patients had higher cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, with statistically significant SMD, compared with survivors. Pediatric patients were predominantly mildly affected. However, less frequently, the presentation was very similar to Kawasaki disease or Kawasaki shock syndrome. This latter presentation hass been called as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide spectrum of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients, and hence a Triage Risk Stratification Tool can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z doi: 10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z id: cord-275711-ejw3ausf author: Mon-López, Daniel title: The Impact of Covid-19 and the Effect of Psychological Factors on Training Conditions of Handball Players date: 2020-09-05 words: 5819.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275711-ejw3ausf.txt summary: This study is one of the first to analyse the impact of the isolation period caused by COVID-19 on the training (intensity and volume) and recovery conditions (quantity and quality of sleep) of professional and non-professional handball players according to the influence of transitory psychological factors (moods) and personality trait (emotional intelligence and resilience). Based on the results yielded: (i) training and recovery conditions of the handball players were modified during the isolation period, reducing the intensity-RPE (in the whole sample), volume-Tdays and Thours (especially in professional female handball players) and sleep quality-Squality (especially in professional male handball players) and increasing sleep hours-Shours (especially in non-professional female players); and (ii) the psychological factors analysed (mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience) had an impact on training and recovery conditions, except for sleep quantity, during the Covid-19 lockdown. abstract: The spread of COVID-19 has altered sport in Spain, forcing athletes to train at home. The objectives of the study were: (i) to compare training and recovery conditions before and during the isolation period in handball players according to gender and competitive level, and (ii) to analyse the impact of psychological factors during the isolation period. A total of 187 participants (66 women and 121 men) answered a Google Forms questionnaire about demographics, training, moods, emotional intelligence, and resilience sent using the snowball sampling technique. T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare sport level and gender differences. Linear regressions were used to analyse the psychological influence on training. Handball players reduced training intensity (in the whole sample; p = 0.44), training volume (especially in professional female handball players; p < 0.001), and sleep quality (especially in professional male handball players; p = 0.21) and increased sleep hours (especially in non-professional female players; p = 0.006) during the isolation period. Furthermore, psychological factors affected all evaluated training and recovery conditions during the quarantine, except for sleep quantity. Mood, emotional intelligence, and resilience have an influence on physical activity levels and recovery conditions. In addition, training components were modified under isolation conditions at p < 0.001. We conclude that the COVID-19 isolation period caused reductions in training volume and intensity and decreased sleep quality. Furthermore, psychological components have a significant impact on training and recovery conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899526/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186471 id: cord-329852-5lr7yirs author: Monaco, Andrea title: Awareness and Impact of Non Pharmaceutical Interventions during COVID-19 Pandemic in Renal Transplant Recipients. date: 2020-07-21 words: 2997.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329852-5lr7yirs.txt summary: The Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) are currently the only measures available to contain COVID-19 in the general population and in more vulnerable recipients of any organ transplant. In this cross-sectional case control study from a patient survey, undertaken in two Transplant Centers (TxC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy, we aimed to appraise the awareness of the NPI implemented by respective Governments. In this context, the Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) represent the main measures that can be applied to protect the wider population 4,5 and in particular to shield the more vulnerable, immunosuppressed recipients of any organ transplant. In our observational study we appraised the level of awareness of NPI, implemented by respective Governments in the KSA and Italy, of the KT recipients in both institutions. The survey was articulated in two main areas of questions aimed to achieve a cross sectional analysis of NPI awareness and clinical status of KT recipients, members of their household, and KLD in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract The concerns generated by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are having profound impact on Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT). The Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) are currently the only measures available to contain COVID-19 in the general population and in more vulnerable recipients of any organ transplant. In this cross-sectional case control study from a patient survey, undertaken in two Transplant Centers (TxC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy, we aimed to appraise the awareness of the NPI implemented by respective Governments. We have also evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on our Kidney Transplant (KT) Recipients and a control group of Kidney Living Donors (KLD). in the survey demonstrated excellent awareness of the NPI. In our series there were zero cases of COVID-19 among 111 KT recipients and 70 KLD of the control group. Demography, transplant type, immunosuppression regimes and, as importantly, the different COVID-19 prevalence in the two regions of the TxC, did not appear to influence incidence of COVID-19 in our KT recipients. The absence of COVID-19 cases in our series was unexpected. Our findings suggest that awareness of NPI is associated with a successful containment of COVID-19 in vulnerable, immunosuppressed KT recipients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0041134520326324 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.010 id: cord-268548-sujsnw2w author: Monaco, Maria Rita Lo title: An educational case series of Parkinson’s disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-12 words: 774.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268548-sujsnw2w.txt summary: Some studies suggest that patients with PD exhibit increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and an excess of pneumonia is reported as a causeof death in patients with Parkinson''s disease [2] . His confusion gradually resolved, oxygen requirements improved, and was discharged to home after an 11-day hospitalization. 66-year-old man with a 10-year history of PD presented to the Emergency Department with three days of dry cough and dyspnea. He was hospitalized and started a course of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir per institutional protocol. He gradually improved and was discharged to a rehabilitation facility after a 21-day hospitalization. 56-year-old man with juvenile parkinsonism, presented to the Emergency Department with three days of dry cough, subjective fever, and myalgias. The only fatality was a patient with multiple risk factors, including advanced age, nursing home residence, multiple comorbidities. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0035378720306585?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.07.007 id: cord-272419-y3ebt4jm author: Monari, Caterina title: A Focus on the Nowadays Potential Antiviral Strategies in Early Phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Narrative Review date: 2020-08-09 words: 6476.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt summary: Possible inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrisyn-like (3CL)-protease and papain-like protease Lopinavir is excreted in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and thus coronavirus-infected enterocytes might be exposed to higher concentrations of the drug LPV/r tab 200/50 mg: 2 tab BID LPV/r oral sol 80/20 mg: 5 mL BID DRV/cobi tab 800/150 mg: 1 tab QD Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, increased amylase, lipase, total cholesterol and triglycerides (risk factor for pancreatitis) Hepatotoxicity: increasing in GGT, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, hepatitis Cardiological: QT-and PR-interval prolongation, hypertension, bradyarrhytmias; torsade de pointes have been reported in patients treated with LPV/r Metabolical: hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, increased uric acid Recently, a randomized, controlled, open-label trial comparing the efficacy of LPV/r versus standard of care was conducted in 199 hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19: no significant difference between the two groups neither in the time of clinical improvement (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31; 95% CI 0.95-1.80; p 0.09), nor in the 28-day mortality rate (19.2% versus 25.0%; 95% CI −17.3 to 5.7) was observed [40] . abstract: Background: The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the related disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to a pandemic proportion, increasing the demands on health systems for the containment and management of COVID-19. Nowadays, one of the critical issues still to be pointed out regards COVID-19 treatment regimens and timing: which drug, in which phase, for how long? Methods: Our narrative review, developed using MEDLINE and EMBASE, summarizes the main evidences in favor or against the current proposed treatment regimens for COVID-19, with a particular focus on antiviral agents. Results: Although many agents have been proposed as possible treatment, to date, any of the potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2 has shown to be safe and effective for treating COVID-19. Despite the lack of definitive evidence, remdesivir remains the only antiviral with encouraging effects in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Conclusions: In such a complex moment of global health emergency, it is hard to demand scientific evidence. Nevertheless, randomized clinical trials aiming to identify effective and safe drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed in order to confirm or reject the currently available evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784922/ doi: 10.3390/life10080146 id: cord-282927-jhma20de author: Mondal, Chittaranjan title: Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs date: 2020-09-28 words: 3034.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282927-jhma20de.txt summary: A case study with the Indian Covid-19 epidemic data is presented to visualize and illustrate the effects of lockdown, maintaining personal hygiene & safe distancing, and repurposing drugs. It is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs though containment of spreading is difficult without serious community participation. A simple iteration model, which uses only daily 100 values of confirmed cases, was considered to forecast the covid positive cases for the United States, Slovenia, Iran, In this paper, we have proposed a minimal epidemic model to capture the dynamics of observed data of detecting, 108 recovered and death cases of any Covid-19 affected country. Through a case study, it is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through 118 the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs and it is true for any other country. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has put the world under immeasurable stress. There is no specific drug or vaccine that can cure the infection or protect people from the infection of coronavirus. It is therefore prudent to use the existing resources and control strategies in an optimal way to contain the virus spread and provide the best possible treatments to the infected individuals. Use of the repurposing drugs along with the non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies may be the right way for fighting against the ongoing pandemic. It is the objective of this work to demonstrate through mathematical modelling and analysis how and to what extent such control strategies can improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden. The criteria for disease elimination & persistence were established through the basic reproduction number. A case study with the Indian Covid-19 epidemic data is presented to visualize and illustrate the effects of lockdown, maintaining personal hygiene & safe distancing, and repurposing drugs. It is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs though containment of spreading is difficult without serious community participation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33070984/ doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.09.015 id: cord-323225-ou7pppum author: Mondal, R. N. title: Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh date: 2020-08-16 words: 3350.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323225-ou7pppum.txt summary: title: Socio-demographic, clinical, hospital admission and oxygen requirement characteristics of COVID-19 patients of Bangladesh Results: We have studied of 305 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients mean age was 36.32(+/-12.369) years with male predominance and majority were doctor 46.9%. Therefore this study was carried out to determine the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients of our country. This was an online cross-sectional survey, carried out by the Research wing of Daktarkhana (GP center of Bangladesh), among the RT-PCR positive COVID-19 adult patients (aged >18 years) who are using Facebook (the most widely used social media of the country) and Data from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research (IEDCR) 10 revealed that 42% of the Bangladeshi COVID-19 cases were aged between 21 and 50 years but in our study age range was 17-78 years. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with covid-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study abstract: Abstract Background: Clinical presentation hospital admission and outcome of COVID-19 pandemic are different from one country to another. So every country should have their own data regarding COVID-19. Subjects and Methods: This was an online cross-sectional survey carried out in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 adult patient. A preformed questionnaire adapted in Google form and circulated through online to collect data. Informed consent was ensured before participation in this study. Results: We have studied of 305 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients mean age was 36.32(+/-12.369) years with male predominance and majority were doctor 46.9%. 48.8% of the patients family members affected along with them. After COVID-19 pandemic 31.7% did not go out of their house. For prevention (72.4%)of the patients used mask and 38.8% used hand gloves during outing. 28.7% reported to be affected while working in hospital 21.8%were affected in their office. Fever (80.1%) cough (57.7%) pain in throat (50.8%) rhinitis (45.9%) and loss of smell (45%) and taste sensation (45.6%) were the most common symptoms. Sample was given average 3 (+/- 3.384) days after onset of the symptoms and report was delivered average 4.57 days after giving sample. After getting result 32.1% of the patients seek treatment in telemedicine and 23% directly consulted in Government hospital only 2% reported to be treated by the Government designated telephone number. 73.1% of the patient took both steam inhalation and warm water gargling. Paracetamol and antihistamine was the most commonly use drugs 69.8% and 71.5% respectively besides 47.5% took ivermectin 41.6% took azithromycin 35.1% steroid 34.8% took doxycyclin and 21.6% hydroxychloroquine. Among the patients only 20.3% needed hospital admission. The patients admitted in hospital average 5 (+/-3.922) days after onset of symptoms and hospital staying was 9.2 days (average). Breathless (54.83%) was the major cause of hospital admission and 19.35% patients admitted due to fear. 14% patients needed oxygen and average duration of oxygen was 4.84 days. 81.3% patients has taken oxygen in hospital and 18.8% at their home. Among the patient 2.2% needed ICU and artificial ventilation needed for 1.1% patients. The patients recovered after 17.74 days (average) from the onset of symptom. COVID-19 became negative (RT-PCR) at15th day from onset of symptom. 91.8%) were in mental stress to become the cause of infection spread to other family members 20.7%) reported that they were anxious that they would not get oxygen or ICU if required and 27.9% were suffering from fear of death. Weakness was the most common post disease symptom in 57.4% cases. Average time required for coming back to normal life was 21.59 days (+/-7.901) ranging a wide range from 5 to 60 days. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients were mostly male health worker. Fever cough pain in throat were most common symptoms. Hospital admission required in only one-fifth cases and ICU required for only 2% patients. Weakness was the most common post disease symptom. Keywords: COVID Bangladesh oxygen ivermectin Correspondence Dr. Ratindra Nath Mondal President Society of General Physician Founder-Daktarkhana (GP center) Rangpur Bangladesh Email dr.ratinmondal@gmail.com. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.14.20175018v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20175018 id: cord-292350-cmrtg91a author: Mondal, Samhati title: Thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 patients: A brief narrative review date: 2020-09-14 words: 4000.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292350-cmrtg91a.txt summary: Table 1 & 2 summarize the various thrombotic complications noted in COVID-19 patients as published as of June 6 th , 2020 obtained by a literature search on PubMed and EMBASE using combinations of the following MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-COV2, novel corona virus, thrombosis, thromboembolic complications, pulmonary embolism. Clinical signs and symptoms of thrombosis such as cutaneous manifestations ("COVID toe") [84] , overt line thrombosis, arterial or venous clots, unexplained increase in oxygen requirement, or organ dysfunction should raise suspicion and prompt further investigation and/or discussion about therapeutic intervention [7] As new information becomes available, it appears increasingly important to routinely monitor platelet count, PT/aPTT, d-dimer, and fibrinogen to assist in anticipating and managing thrombotic complications. ICU patients positive for COVID-19 with elevated d-dimer levels and/or clinico-radiological suspicion for thrombosis as noted above should be considered for therapeutic anticoagulation only after careful assessment of their bleeding risk. abstract: Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2/ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2) infection has emerged as a global health crisis. Incidence of thromboembolic disease is reported to be high in SARS-CoV2 disease and is seen in a multitude of organ systems ranging from cutaneous thrombosis to pulmonary embolism, stroke or coronary thrombosis sometimes with catastrophic outcomes. Evidence points towards a key role of thromboembolism, hypercoagulability and over production of proinflammatory cytokines mimicking a “cytokine storm” which leads to multiorgan failure. This brief narrative review highlights the pathophysiology and risk factors of thromboembolic disease and provides a framework for management of anticoagulation based on the current evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-020-00483-y doi: 10.1186/s40560-020-00483-y id: cord-327169-sz4ildnd author: Mondoni, Michele title: Utility and safety of bronchoscopy during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy: a retrospective, multicenter study date: 2020-08-28 words: 1346.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327169-sz4ildnd.txt summary: The primary aim of the present study was to describe the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swab(s) and a clinical and radiological suspicion of COVID-19 pneumonia. The indications of bronchoscopy were: -diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in patients with previously negative nasopharyngeal swab (clinical and radiological suspicion of pneumonia); -need for undelayable procedures in COVID-19 patients (e.g., massive hemoptysis, post-obstructive atelectasis). The diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy was calculated dividing the number of patients with a molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection following the collection of bronchoscopic specimens by the number of patients with a suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. This is to our knowledge the largest study on the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in patients with negative nasopharyngeal swabs and a clinical/radiological suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Urgent/life-saving bronchoscopies were performed in 31 patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis for obstructive atelectasis, suspected concomitant lower respiratory tract infections, severe hemoptysis, suspected tracheal lacerations in patients mechanically ventilated, tracheostomy complications, and suspected concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis. abstract: Utility and safety of bronchoscopy during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859682/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.02767-2020 id: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv author: Mongia, Aanchal title: A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials date: 2020-07-03 words: 7123.0 sentences: 382.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt summary: In view to assist acceleration of this process (by pruning down the search space), we create and share a publicly available DVA database, along with a number of matrix completion techniques (mentioned above) for drug-virus association prediction. Such a computational approach requires the chemical structure of the drugs and, in case of graph-regularized matrix completion techniques, the genome of the viruses, or existing associations otherwise. A clear observation from the experiments is that the graph regularized-based matrix completion algorithms that incorporate the similarity information associated with the drugs and viruses, perform fairly well giving an AUC greater or equal than 0.83 in CV1. It can be noted that the standard matrix completion methods, which do not take into account the metadata, fail to learn from the association data giving a near-random performance as far as the prediction on novel viruses is concerned, depicting how very important the similarity information is. abstract: COVID-19 has fast-paced drug re-positioning for its treatment. This work builds computational models for the same. The aim is to assist clinicians with a tool for selecting prospective antiviral treatments. Since the virus is known to mutate fast, the tool is likely to help clinicians in selecting the right set of antivirals for the mutated isolate. The main contribution of this work is a manually curated database publicly shared, comprising of existing associations between viruses and their corresponding antivirals. The database gathers similarity information using the chemical structure of drugs and the genomic structure of viruses. Along with this database, we make available a set of state-of-the-art computational drug re-positioning tools based on matrix completion. The tools are first analysed on a standard set of experimental protocols for drug target interactions. The best performing ones are applied for the task of re-positioning antivirals for COVID-19. These tools select six drugs out of which four are currently under various stages of trial, namely Remdesivir (as a cure), Ribavarin (in combination with others for cure), Umifenovir (as a prophylactic and cure) and Sofosbuvir (as a cure). Another unanimous prediction is Tenofovir alafenamide, which is a novel tenofovir prodrug developed in order to improve renal safety when compared to the counterpart tenofovir disoproxil. Both are under trail, the former as a cure and the latter as a prophylactic. These results establish that the computational methods are in sync with the state-of-practice. We also demonstrate how the selected drugs change as the SARS-Cov-2 mutates over time, suggesting the importance of such a tool in drug prediction. The dataset and software is available publicly at https://github.com/aanchalMongia/DVA and the prediction tool with a user-friendly interface is available at http://dva.salsa.iiitd.edu.in. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.01902v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-271168-a9sf8f4p author: Montaner, Joan title: Break in the Stroke Chain of Survival Due to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 words: 3971.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271168-a9sf8f4p.txt summary: To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region. Therefore, to better understand how the acute stroke care situation in the era of the COVID pandemic crisis might be affected, we evaluated the number of stroke cases attending and treated at a south European region before and during the outbreak. Unfortunately, we observed a sharp decrease in the number of stroke code activations and ambulance transfers, a reduction in consultations through telestroke, the number of patients admitted to our stroke units, and treated with IV tPA or receiving thrombectomy, which had a clear temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases that crowded our hospitals. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Emergency measures to treat patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and contain the outbreak is the main priority in each of our hospitals; however, these measures are likely to result in collateral damage among patients with other acute diseases. Here, we investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects acute stroke care through interruptions in the stroke chain of survival. METHODS: A descriptive analysis of acute stroke care activity before and after the COVID-19 outbreak is given for a stroke network in southern Europe. To quantify the impact of the pandemic, the number of stroke code activations, ambulance transfers, consultations through telestroke, stroke unit admissions, and reperfusion therapy times and rates are described in temporal relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 cases in the region. RESULTS: Following confinement of the population, our stroke unit activity decreased sharply, with a 25% reduction in admitted cases (mean number of 58 cases every 15 days in previous months to 44 cases in the 15 days after the outbreak, P<0.001). Consultations to the telestroke network declined from 25 every 15 days before the outbreak to 7 after the outbreak (P<0.001). The increasing trend in the prehospital diagnosis of stroke activated by 911 calls stopped abruptly in the region, regressing to 2019 levels. The mean number of stroke codes dispatched to hospitals decreased (78% versus 57%, P<0.001). Time of arrival from symptoms onset to stroke units was delayed >30 minutes, reperfusion therapy cases fell, and door-to-needle time started 16 minutes later than usual. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic is disruptive for acute stroke pathways. Bottlenecks in the access and delivery of patients to our secured stroke centers are among the main challenges. It is critical to encourage patients to continue seeking emergency care if experiencing acute stroke symptoms and to ensure that emergency professionals continue to use stroke code activation and telestroke networks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466738/ doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030106 id: cord-263258-qpzaehg0 author: Montastruc, François title: Hepatic disorders with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-25 words: 870.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263258-qpzaehg0.txt summary: 3 In cohort studies of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 who were treated with compassionate-use remdesivir, hepatic enzyme elevated were the most frequent adverse drug reaction reported. 4, 5 In the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effect of intravenous remdesivir in adults admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 (n= 237) a higher proportion of remdesivir recipients than placebo recipients had dosing prematurely stopped by the investigators because of adverse events including aminotransferase or bilirubin increases (3 versus 0). Here, we performed a pharmacovigilance analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization''s individual case safety reports database, to describe hepatic impairment reports with remdesivir. Disproportionality analysis was performed to assess a potential increased risk of reporting hepatic disorders with remdesivir compared to drugs prescribed in COVID-19 patients. Compared with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir or tocilizumab, the use of remdesivir was associated with an increased risk of reporting hepatic disorders (ROR 1.94; 95% 7 Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ; ROR, reporting odds ratio. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721580/ doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.050 id: cord-326687-9duu5bbz author: Montastruc, Jean-Louis title: Serious adverse drug reactions with hydroxychloroquine: a pharmacovigilance study in Vigibase® date: 2020-06-06 words: 844.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326687-9duu5bbz.txt summary: The study was performed in Vigibase®, the WHO pharmacovigilance database, which registers all Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) from more than 130 countries [5] . The 3 main SMQs were hypersensitivity/allergic reactions, arthralgia and gastrointestinal ADRs. Retinal toxicity was found in 6.7% of ICSRs, cardiac arrhythmias (including 1.6% torsades de pointes/QT prolongation) in 5.0%, cardiomyopathy in 3.3% (Table 1) . Although suffering from the mandatory biases of such studies (underreporting, lack of systematic information on doses and duration exposure in Vigibase®, denominator unknown, use of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic or autoimmune disorders and not COVID-19), the results have several important strengths: data in the context of real world not studied in clinical trials, study performed in the world''s largest pharmacovigilance database from around 130 countries allowing generalization of results. Off" label use of hydroxychloroquine , azithromycine, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: a survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-020-02920-1 doi: 10.1007/s00228-020-02920-1 id: cord-314320-juf6cx14 author: Montazeri, Ali title: Some ethical concerns related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-27 words: 791.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314320-juf6cx14.txt summary: title: Some ethical concerns related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Although there are many important concerns related to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), ethical issues should remain the top priority since the humanistic dimension of the recent pandemic is of prime importance. Political misuse, caring for older adults, and spread of harmful information are the 3 main issues that are addressed. As the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads worldwide, apart from many positive actions such as volunteer works and donations, we are witnessing a number of unpleasant and unethical actions that should be avoided. Circulating bad news especially in social media without any ethical commitments may severely harm old people and children. The public health crisis emerging due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) has been worsened due to the effects of misinformation (5) . Fake news or reflecting phantom science is similar to spreading coronavirus and may impact people emotionally (6) and harm vulnerable populations. abstract: Although there are many important concerns related to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), ethical issues should remain the top priority since the humanistic dimension of the recent pandemic is of prime importance. This short commentary highlights some ethical concerns related to (COVID-19). Political misuse, caring for older adults, and spread of harmful information are the 3 main issues that are addressed. It is hoped that those who can influence communities at large consider these issues for better public’s health. url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.53 doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.53 id: cord-293127-c27qh5y7 author: Monteleone, Pedro AA title: A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments date: 2020 words: 4508.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293127-c27qh5y7.txt summary: In this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID-19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women, and discuss the current evidence of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and its potential consequences for assisted reproductive treatments. The current outbreak of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China in December 2019 and subsequently spread to many other countries. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses known to cause symptoms ranging from a common cold to more severe diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syn A review of initial data on pregnancy during the COVID-19 outbreak: implications for assisted reproductive treatments Pedro AA Monteleone 1,2 , Mayra Nakano 1,2 , Victor Lazar 1 , Alecsandra P Gomes 1 , (Drosten et al., 2003; Ksiazek et al., 2003) , and MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was the pathogen responsible for severe respiratory disease outbreaks in the Middle East in 2012 (Zaki et al., 2012) . abstract: The current outbreak of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) started in China in December 2019 and has since spread to several other countries. On March 25, 2020, a total of 375,498 cases had been confirmed globally with 2,201 cases in Brazil, showing the urgency of reacting to this international public health emergency. While in most cases, mild symptoms are observed, in some cases the infection leads to serious pulmonary disease. As a result, the possible consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak for pregnant women and its potential effects on the management of assisted reproductive treatments, demand attention. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID-19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women, and discuss the current evidence of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and its potential consequences for assisted reproductive treatments. Reported data suggest that symptoms in pregnant women are similar to those in other people, and that there is no evidence for higher maternal or fetal risks. However, considering the initial data and lack of comprehensive knowledge on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, human reproduction societies have recommended postponing the embryo transfers and do not initiate new treatment cycles. New evidence must be considered carefully in order to adjust these recommendations accordingly at any time and to guide assisted reproductive treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20200030 doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200030 id: cord-280221-s6oxq772 author: Montelongo-Jauregui, Daniel title: Convalescent serum therapy for COVID-19: A 19th century remedy for a 21st century disease date: 2020-08-12 words: 2042.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280221-s6oxq772.txt summary: The high degree of success in achieving favorable clinical outcomes during these coronaviruses outbreaks establishes a strong precedent and supports the notion that convalescent plasma could be a viable option for treatment of COVID-19 patients, particularly upon early administration [6, 9, 12, [21] [22] [23] . The convalescent plasma therapeutic approach is based on the principle of passive antibody therapy, a short-term strategy whereby antibodies from the blood of someone who recovered from an infection can be administered to protect or treat another person [6, 21] . However, although this phenomenon is well known with Dengue and other viral diseases, there have not been any reported ADE cases with the use of convalescent plasma for SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 [12, 29, [32] [33] [34] [35] . Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19 Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785259/ doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008735 id: cord-332333-vw5ogccq author: Montenegro-López, Diego title: Uso de tecnologías en el lugar de atención para el manejo de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia date: 2020-08-14 words: 3005.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332333-vw5ogccq.txt summary: Ante esta necesidad, las pruebas inmunológicas para buscar anticuerpos IgM/IgA e IgG dirigidos contra el SARS-CoV-2 son una alternativa complementaria a la PCR y sirven para el rastreo de casos asintomáticos y contactos de los casos índices (confirmados por PCR), lo que permitiría encontrar, aislar e interrumpir la cadena de transmisión en menor tiempo. En este contexto, es necesario definir los posibles modelos de atención en salud que permitan unir las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y la PCR; el objetivo de este estudio es proponer un modelo que integra el concepto de atención en el lugar (point-ofcare) y técnicas de inteligencia artificial. Con la implementación del modelo propuesto o uno similar, Colombia y los países de la región podrían conocer el impacto epidémico real de la enfermedad y efectuar diagnósticos más hacer el primer filtro para la asignación de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido o asignación directa de PCR, así como el manejo psicosocial de los casos compatibles con COVID-19 (Figura 1B). abstract: OBJECTIVE. To propose a health care model that integrates point-of-care technologies and artificial intelligence for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS. A theoretical model was used in which one million people accessed the mobile application CoronApp-Colombia, which collects personal data, signs, symptoms and epidemiological links compatible with COVID-19. With the information from the app artificial intelligence techniques (data science) were applied in a virtual situation room. RESULTS. Users compatible with COVID-19 were prioritized and subjected to a rapid diagnostic test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Screening with the rapid diagnostic test would allow detection of sero-reactive individuals, for whom diagnostic confirmation would be carried out using molecular biology (PCR). Information from positive cases confirmed by PCR would be re-screened using artificial intelligence and spatial statistical techniques to identify geographical foci of infection. These foci could be actively searched for contacts with positive index cases and the diagnostic route would be followed again using the rapid diagnostic test and PCR. CONCLUSION. This model may be useful for countries in the region with weak or absent technological platforms for PCR diagnosis to maximize existing resources, estimate the epidemiological burden of COVID-19 (infection, morbidity, mortality and lethality) and implement containment, mitigation and control plans according to their needs. url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.97 doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.97 id: cord-342338-nxfg9yfq author: Montero, A. title: Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-25 words: 2320.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342338-nxfg9yfq.txt summary: have recently published a systematic review of current evidence for treatment with immunosuppressants, cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids, TNF-α blockers, IL-6 block, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK), block IL-1, mycophenolate, tacrolimus, anti-CD20 and CTLA4-Ig. After reviewing 89 studies, the authors'' conclusion is that low doses of prednisolone and tacrolimus may have beneficial effects on COVID-19, as well as that IL-6 levels are associated with the severity of pulmonary complications, although there is no evidence regarding the beneficial impact of IL-6 inhibitors on the course of COVID-19 disease [7] . In the constant and incessant search for treatments against COVID-19, it has been suggested that low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) could play a role for their anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanism by which X-ray treatment acts on pneumonia involves the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype that leads to a rapid reversal of clinical symptoms, facilitating resolution of the disease. Is low dose radiation therapy a potential treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02401-y doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02401-y id: cord-033329-gi0mug1p author: Montesi, Michela title: Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date: 2020-10-06 words: 8281.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt summary: A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). An important part of the research has focused on the analysis of all kinds of information spread via social media (Cinelli et al., 2020; Ferrara, 2020; Singh et al., 2020) , whilst others have suggested interventions for improving news and science literacy as empowering tools for users to identify, consume and share high-quality information (Vraga et al., 2020b) . In this research, a sample of fake news items collected by the Maldita.es project during the Covid-19 health crisis in Spain was classified according to the criteria of authority, interactivity, theme and potential danger. abstract: The health crisis brought about by Covid-19 has generated a heightened need for information as a response to a situation of uncertainty and high emotional load, in which fake news and other informative content have grown dramatically. The aim of this work is to delve into the understanding of fake news from the perspective of information behaviour by analysing a sample of fake news items that were spread in Spain during the Covid-19 health crisis. A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). Interactivity features allow commenting in 24.3% of the cases. The dominant theme is society (43.1%), followed by politics (26.4%) and science (23.6%). Finally, fake news, for the most part, does not seem to pose any danger to the health or safety of people – the harm it causes is intangible and moral. The author concludes by highlighting the importance of a culture of civic values to combat fake news. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542543/ doi: 10.1177/0961000620949653 id: cord-304352-zdxztb5h author: Montgomery, Robert A. title: COVID-19, Health, Conservation, and Shared Wellbeing: Details Matter date: 2020-06-04 words: 904.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304352-zdxztb5h.txt summary: We highlight that millions of people around the world depend on markets for subsistence and the diverse use of animals globally defies uniform bans. Classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, a marketplace in Wuhan, China has been identified as a hotspot for the early spread, and perhaps origin, of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 [1] . Currently, wildlife can be legally traded for a variety of consumptive and consumerist purposes at costs, sometimes devastatingly measurable to human health, all too often to animal welfare and conservation, and which COVID-19 reveals now to be extraordinarily high. We note here that millions of people around the world depend on meat, often wild-caught, traded in markets and rural communities for subsistence [15] . World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife--threats to biodiversity and human health abstract: Abstract Many have stridently recommended banning markets like the one where COVID-19 originally spread. We highlight that millions of people around the world depend on markets for subsistence and the diverse use of animals globally defies uniform bans. We argue that the immediate and fair priority is critical scrutiny of wildlife trade. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32564881/ doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.06.001 id: cord-327165-vlyfbiem author: Montorfano, Lisandro title: Colorectal surgery obesity-related morbidity during COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 words: 2350.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327165-vlyfbiem.txt summary: The purpose of this report was to present a case of acute large bowel perforation in a morbidly obese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia who received empiric Tocilizumab. The purpose of this case report was to analyze the risks of acute large bowel perforation after using Tocilizumab empirically for COVID-19 pneumonia in morbidly obese patients and discuss the appropriate management of this adverse event. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing bowel perforation in a critically ill COVID-19-positive patient receiving empiric Tocilizumab. Our patient received both medications before the acute large bowel perforation occurred, because she received empiric Tocilizumab for COVID-19 pneumonia and Dexamethasone for several days for pharyngeal edema. This case report describes a rare case of colonic perforation in a critically ill, morbidly obese patient with COVID-19 pneumonia on empiric Tocilizumab therapy. abstract: Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antiinterluekin-6 receptor antibody, has been empirically used in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 infections. The efficacy and safety of these medications for these patients is unknown. The purpose of this report was to present a case of acute large bowel perforation in a morbidly obese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia who received empiric Tocilizumab. This case report analyzes the risks of acute large bowel perforation after using this medication empirically and discusses the appropriate management of this adverse event. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550728920303312 doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.011 id: cord-279645-gwxu6dz2 author: Montoya-Barthelemy, Andre title: COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health date: 2020-04-17 words: 1761.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279645-gwxu6dz2.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and the Correctional Environment: The American Prison as a Focal Point for Public Health Within this space, prisoners and correctional staff share an environment known to amplify, accelerate, and act as a reservoir for outbreaks of respiratory disease. 2 Prisoners have a high prevalence of chronic disease and mental health illness, and prisons house an increasingly aging population, which will contribute directly to higher rates of severe viral illness and death. 1, 2 Finally, about 870,000 prisoners perform some type of work while incarcerated, earning an average of $0.93 per hour, and are effectively uncovered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration oversight or any other federal workplace protections. Today, correctional workers and prisoners are under severe threat, but when correctional institutions and the outside community collaborate for the safety of their workers and residents, all will be better protected against COVID-19 illness and death. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379720301446?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.001 id: cord-268049-7xqln70d author: Montrief, Tim title: COVID-19 respiratory support in the emergency department setting date: 2020-08-08 words: 5197.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268049-7xqln70d.txt summary: DISCUSSION: Patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at high risk for acute respiratory failure requiring airway management. [29] [30] [31] [32] Based on currently available evidence, the WHO states that "HFNC and NIV systems with good interface fitting do not create widespread dispersion of exhaled air and therefore should be associated with [a] low risk of airborne transmission." 15 The risk of respiratory pathogen transmission when using HFNC is subject to a variety of factors, including the duration of support, maximal flow rate, patient sneezing or coughing, cannula fit, and patient cooperation. 35 Many guidelines, including those by Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS), the WHO, and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend the use of HFNC in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional oxygen therapy. 20 Notably, the SCCM guidelines on the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 recommend "a trial of NIV with close monitoring and shortinterval assessment for worsening of respiratory failure" if HFNC is not available and there is no urgent indication for intubation. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may result in severe complications, multiorgan dysfunction, acute respiratory failure, and death. SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and places healthcare workers at significant risk, especially during aerosol-generating procedures, including airway management. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review outlines the underlying respiratory pathophysiology of patients with COVID-19 and discusses approaches to airway management in the emergency department (ED) based on current literature. DISCUSSION: Patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at high risk for acute respiratory failure requiring airway management. Among hospitalized patients, 10–20% require intensive care unit admission, and 3–10% require intubation and mechanical ventilation. While providing respiratory support for these patients, proper infection control measures, including adherence to personal protective equipment policies, are necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers. A structured approach to respiratory failure in these patients includes the use of exogenous oxygen via nasal cannula or non-rebreather, as well as titrated high-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive ventilation. This review offers several guiding principles and resources designed to be adapted in conjunction with local workplace policies for patients requiring endotracheal intubation. CONCLUSIONS: While the fundamental principles of acute respiratory failure management are similar between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, there are some notable differences, including a focus on provider safety. This review provides an approach to airway management and respiratory support in the patient with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.001 id: cord-276720-cltnk0rg author: Montrone, Michele title: Favourable outcome of COVID-19 in an ALK-positive NSCLC patient receiving Alectinib date: 2020-08-11 words: 1155.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276720-cltnk0rg.txt summary: Here we report the case of a 69 years old male patient affected by non squamous stage IV ALKpositive non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first line Alectinib, admitted on March 15 2020 to the Emergency Room of local General Hospital due to worsening dyspnea, hacking cough and low-grade fever (37,5°C), unresponsive to acetaminophen and severe respiratory failure. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of ALK-positive advanced NSCLC successfully treated with Alectinib developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 with severe respiratory failure during targeted therapy and reporting a favourable outcome. More recently two cases of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described in an ALKpositive and a ROS1-positive NSCLC receiving targeted therapy 9 . Treatment guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic have been published 10 but no guideline has been published to date for the treatment of NSCLC during SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in selected population as patients with oncogene-addicted cancers receiving targeted agents. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.030 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.030 id: cord-278341-pnrh3r2j author: Monzani, Alice title: Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario date: 2020-08-10 words: 1267.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278341-pnrh3r2j.txt summary: title: Management of a suspected case of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in a 4‐year old child: A simulation scenario The first part of the scenario is the pre-triage where the paediatric nurse/ learner should take a full medical history of the child, showing that the child went with her family to visit some relatives in Codogno, Lombardy area, 10 days before, and her aunt is now hospitalised for a COVID-19 infection. The paediatric nurse should promptly inform the paediatrician and the pre-triage should be completed in the ''red room'', dedicated to patients with Key Points 1 A disease-specific scenario for COVID-19 allows testing of local guidelines. After the correct identification of the suspected paediatric case, learners should evaluate the patient and call for the help of the infectious disease medicine consultant (embedded participant). This simulation case provides a way to test and implement procedures for prompt identification, isolation, and management of a suspected COVID-19 infection in a paediatric patient. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15022 doi: 10.1111/jpc.15022 id: cord-279036-fwmb0rr7 author: Monzani, Alice title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective From Italian Pediatric Emergency Physicians date: 2020-06-22 words: 2881.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279036-fwmb0rr7.txt summary: METHODS: We developed a structured interview to collect the lived experience of the staff of the pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary referral university hospital in Northern Italy. We developed a structured interview to collect the lived experience of pediatric health-care providers of the Maggiore della Carità University Hospital (Novara, Italy), the second largest third level referral hospital of the Piedmont Region, one of the most COVID-19 affected regions in northwest Italy. The open-ended questions, draft according to the suggestions and interests of Canadian pediatric emergency physicians, were collected at the end of March 2020, when 101,739 confirmed cases were reported in Italy, with 11,591 deaths, whereas Canada was not already critically involved in the COVID-19 outbreak. Exploring for the first time the perception of pediatric emergency physicians in one of the most affected countries, this study represents a unique attempt to provide hints to those pediatricians not already critically involved in facing the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the lived experience of Italian pediatric emergency physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: We developed a structured interview to collect the lived experience of the staff of the pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary referral university hospital in Northern Italy. The open-ended questions were draft according to the suggestions of Canadian colleagues and administered by 1 interviewer, who was part of the PED staff, at the end of March 2020. All the PED staff was interviewed, on a voluntary basis, using purposive sampling. RESULTS: Most respondents declared to be afraid of becoming infected and of infecting their families. The number of patients seen in the PED has decreased, and the cases tend to be more severe. A shift in the clinical approach to the ill child has occurred, the physical examination is problem-oriented, aiming to avoid un-necessary maneuvers and to minimize the number of practitioners involved. The most challenging aspects reported are: (1) performing a physical examination in personal protective equipment (PPE), (2) being updated with rapidly evolving guidelines, and (3) staying focused on the possible COVID-19 clinical presentation without failing in differential diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems that pediatric emergency physicians are radically changing their clinical practice, aiming at prioritizing essential interventions and maneuvers and self-protection. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.198 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.198 id: cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author: Moolasart, Visal title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date: 2020-10-15 words: 1511.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt summary: title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in mid-December 2019 to become pandemic disease. A 47-day-old, male newborn was asymptomatic but had household contact with his COVID-19 infected mother. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for COVID-19 pneumonia in the newborn, safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the effects of long-term treatment. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in the newborn is a difficult-to-treat condition. Early clinical signs of pneumonia are nonspecific and present as respiratory distress of varying severity, and tachypnea is a predominant clinical sign. A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. During hospitalization, he developed progressive tachypnea, tachycardia, and chest radiography abnormalities, and was diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. He was treated with favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in the newborn. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20964046 doi: 10.1177/2050313x20964046 id: cord-340848-gdi4c92i author: Moon, M. Jae title: Fighting COVID‐19 with Agility, Transparency, and Participation: Wicked Policy Problems and New Governance Challenges date: 2020-05-20 words: 4210.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340848-gdi4c92i.txt summary: With the unexpected spike in COVID-19 cases in Daegu and Kyungbook Province, the South Korean government raised its alert to the highest level and took a series of actions ranging from full-scale epidemiological investigation of infected patients to medical and economic policy packages. Thanks to agile, adaptive, and transparent actions by the South Korean government, along with citizens'' active participation in Figure 1 Comparison of COVID-19, SARS, and MERS social distancing, the rate of infection began to drop dramatically. As some European countries failed in initial mitigation, they gradually shifted from a soft and reactive approach to a hard and more aggressive approach by increasing their testing capacity, forcing quarantines, and ordering partial lockdowns while they put more emphasis on citizens'' cooperation in NPIs. Although there is no perfect policy, the South Korean government''s agile, adaptive, and transparent approaches demonstrate how the wicked pandemic problem could be mitigated with citizens'' voluntary engagement in the fight against COVID-19. abstract: Governments are being put to the test as they struggle with the fast and wide spread of COVID‐19. This article discusses the compelling challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic by examining how this wicked problem has been managed by the South Korean government with agile‐adaptive, transparent actions to mitigate the surge of COVID‐19. Unlike many Western countries, South Korea has been able to contain the spread of COVID‐19 without a harsh forced lockdown of the epicenter of the virus. This essay argues that an agile‐adaptive approach, a policy of transparency in communicating risk, and citizens’ voluntary cooperation are critical factors. It also suggests that the South Korean government learned costly lessons from the MERS failure of 2015. This essay suggests ways that Western countries can manage future wicked problems such as COVID‐19 without paying too much cost and maintaining quality of life in open and free societies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836434/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13214 id: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author: Moore, Jason H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 words: 7588.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt summary: Some key considerations and targets of research include: (1) feature engineering, transforming raw data into features (i.e. variables) that ML can better utilize to represent the problem/target outcome, (2) feature selection, applying expert domain knowledge, statistical methods, and/or ML methods to remove ''irrelevant'' features from consideration and improve downstream modeling, (3) data harmonization, allowing for the integration of data collected at different sites/institutions, (4) handling different outcomes and related challenges, e.g. binary classification, multi-class, quantitative phenotypes, class imbalance, temporal data, multi-labeled data, censored data, and the use of appropriate evaluation metrics, (5) ML algorithm selection for a given problem can be a challenge in itself, thus strategies to integrate the predictions of multiple machine learners as an ensemble are likely to be important, (6) ML modeling pipeline assembly, including critical considerations such as hyper-parameter optimization, accounting for overfitting, and clinical interpretability of trained models, and (7) considering and accounting for covariates as well as sources of bias in data collection, study design, and application of ML tools in order to avoid drawing conclusions based on spurious correlations. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on population health and wellbeing. Biomedical informatics is central to COVID-19 research efforts and for the delivery of healthcare for COVID-19 patients. Critical to this effort is the participation of informaticians who typically work on other basic science or clinical problems. The goal of this editorial is to highlight some examples of COVID-19 research areas that could benefit from informatics expertise. Each research idea summarizes the COVID-19 application area, followed by an informatics methodology, approach, or technology that could make a contribution. It is our hope that this piece will motivate and make it easy for some informaticians to adopt COVID-19 research projects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419848/ doi: 10.1186/s13040-020-00213-y id: cord-283267-72wrzw09 author: Moores, Lisa K. title: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report date: 2020-06-02 words: 8241.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283267-72wrzw09.txt summary: The recognition of the coagulopathy with COVID-19, and the early evidence that suggests that thrombosis in these patients is higher than that seen in similarly ill hospitalized patients with other respiratory infections has led to the urgent need for practical guidance regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE. 19 Pooled risk estimates for benefits and harms of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis in critically ill medical patients without COVID-19 differ across meta-analyses, 19, 22, 46 but practice guidelines consistently recommend anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis with LMWH (or unfractionated heparin [UFH]) over no such therapy. Our literature search did not identify any randomized trials assessing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for the treatment of acute VTE in hospitalized or critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our literature search did not identify any randomized trials or prospective cohort studies assessing the efficacy or safety of any thrombolytic therapies for the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 without objective evidence of VTE and VTE-associated hypotension. abstract: Abstract: Background Emerging evidence shows that severe COVID-19 can be complicated by a significant coagulopathy, that likely manifests in the form of both microthrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE). This recognition has led to the urgent need for practical guidance regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE. Methods A group of approved panelists developed key clinical questions by using the PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) format that addressed urgent clinical questions regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. MEDLINE (via PubMed or Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials were systematically searched for relevant literature and references were screened for inclusion. Validated evaluation tools were used to grade the level of evidence to support each recommendation. When evidence did not exist, guidance was developed based on consensus using the modified Delphi process. Results The systematic review and critical analysis of the literature based on13 PICO questions resulted in 22 statements. Very little evidence exists in the COVID-19 population. The panel thus used expert consensus and existing evidence-based guidelines to craft the guidance statements. Conclusions The evidence on the optimal strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 is sparse, but rapidly evolving. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502594/ doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.559 id: cord-276351-cv5th7hd author: Moorlag, Simone J.C.F.M. title: Safety and COVID-19 symptoms in individuals recently vaccinated with BCG: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-05 words: 1279.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276351-cv5th7hd.txt summary: BCG vaccination trials for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection are underway, but concerns have been raised regarding the potential harm of strong innate immune responses. To investigate the safety of BCG vaccination, we retrospectively assessed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related symptoms in three cohorts of healthy volunteers who either received BCG in the last five years or not. In conclusion, recent BCG vaccination is safe and large randomized trials are needed to reveal if BCG reduces the incidence and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The incidence of self-reported sickness ( Figure 4B ) as well as the 252 incidence of symptoms ( Figure 4C and D, Figure S6 ) was not significantly different between 253 responders and non-responders, indicating that a strong trained immunity profile is not 254 associated with increased sickness or severity of symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19: A model correlating BCG vaccination to protection from 696 mortality implicates trained immunity. abstract: Summary Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induces long-term boosting of innate immunity, termed trained immunity, and decreases susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. BCG vaccination trials for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection are underway, but concerns have been raised regarding the potential harm of strong innate immune responses. To investigate the safety of BCG vaccination, we retrospectively assessed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related symptoms in three cohorts of healthy volunteers who either received BCG in the last five years or not. BCG vaccination is not associated with increased incidence of symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. Our data suggest that BCG vaccination might be associated with a decrease in the incidence of sickness during the COVID-19 pandemic (AOR 0.58, P < 0.05), and lower incidence of extreme fatigue. In conclusion, recent BCG vaccination is safe and large randomized trials are needed to reveal if BCG reduces the incidence and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100073 doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100073 id: cord-293967-t0216n2m author: Moorthy, Arumugam title: COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries date: 2020-05-30 words: 2615.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293967-t0216n2m.txt summary: A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID‐19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). The variation in COVID-19 testing among BAME, HCW and front line workers maybe a possible reason for increased reported deaths as patients not admitted to hospital were not included initially in mortality figures (6) . The COVID-19 pandemic requires an understanding of its effects and how it is spread, as well as the acceptance of such intelligence by minority ethnic people in order for the population in this group to comfortably adopt positive measures for personal safety as well as to limit the spread of infection. Some of the authors have already developed partnerships of joined up thinking between the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society and Ambassadors for Ethnicity Health, in the UK, to communicate, disseminate and raise awareness of COVID-19 among the BAME population (13) . abstract: A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID‐19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). We focus predominantly on the countries of the UK, USA, and India COVID‐19 rheumatology challenges and examples. This unprecedented public health crisis started in China in Dec 2019, following an infection caused by a novel coronavirus strain, named as SARS‐CoV2 (2). The World Health Organisation in March 2020 declared this public health emergency as a pandemic (2). COVID‐19 pandemic has moved from country to country peaking at different times despite implementation of strict preventive measures, including complete lock down periods with varied success. Case fatality and mortality rates have been highly variable across nations as well as different ethnic groups (3). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.13883 doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.13883 id: cord-297368-ju6r1rf1 author: Moradi, Soroush title: Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs date: 2020-10-31 words: 2924.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297368-ju6r1rf1.txt summary: In a cross-sectional study, all RPs with an updated medical record between December 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, at the rheumatology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran were included (as the case group), and the prevalence of COVID-19 was compared to the paired control group—individuals without RDs, randomly selected from the Qom Health Network''s database. The current study aims to firstly evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in RPs and compare it to the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a group of paired individuals without any past medical history of RDs, immunodeficiencies, or immunosuppressive therapies and second, to evaluate the potential role of DMARDs in RPs against the COVID-19. Besides, individuals residing under the Qom Health Network coverage, without a past medical history of RDs, were randomly selected as the control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned later in the manuscript. abstract: One of the most controversial issues among rheumatologists is the best approach to managing a rheumatic patient (RP) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in RPs compared to the general population and to relatively assess the potential role of RPs’ treatment regimen against COVID-19. In a cross-sectional study, all RPs with an updated medical record between December 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, at the rheumatology clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran were included (as the case group), and the prevalence of COVID-19 was compared to the paired control group—individuals without RDs, randomly selected from the Qom Health Network’s database. Qom was the first city in Iran in which COVID-19 was identified and spread rapidly. Both groups were paired regarding sex, age, and underlying severe conditions. The prevalence of COVID-19 was lower in RPs than the control group (p = 0.028). Moreover, patients who were under treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents seemed to possess a lower risk for COVID-19. Two RPs died from COVID-19, both of whom had granulomatosis and polyangiitis (GPA). The prevalence of COVID-19 in the RPs was lower than the control group, which could be associated with more adherence to the quarantine and social distancing rules by RPs and stricter routine follow-ups than the general population. Besides, taking DMARDs, such as leflunomide, might possess a protective effect against severe COVID-19, probably as a result of preventing cytokine storm. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02535-5 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02535-5 id: cord-265100-i49m4y0e author: Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah title: The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020 date: 2020-04-03 words: 1542.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265100-i49m4y0e.txt summary: One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. Four cases have been reported among health workers but only two patients mentioned transmission routes; others had no meaningful relationship with other cases with the only exception of one case who had visited Qom earlier. This has made health centres and hospitals prescribe confirmatory diagnostic tests only for those patients who show severe COVID-19 symptoms. Household members of confirmed cases are recommended to stay at home and without close contact with other healthy household members, and they are regularly followed up by health care workers. These considerations were provided by the epidemiological team of the Arak University of Medical Sciences in order to providing scientific solutions to the provincial authorities to find barriers and problems for local staff to control the epidemic in Delijan. abstract: COVID-19 as an emerging disease has spread to 183 countries and territories worldwide as of 20 March 2020. The first COVID-19 case (i.e. the index case) in Iran was observed in the city of Qom on 19 February 2020. One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. This study aimed to report the challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in a city of Iran in 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820000783 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820000783 id: cord-307160-1vz0gw1w author: Morais-Almeida, Mário title: COVID-19, asthma, and biologic therapies: What we need to know date: 2020-05-16 words: 3561.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307160-1vz0gw1w.txt summary: Ongoing prospective cohort studies (SARP, NHLBI and others) provide a unique opportunity to examine the effects of COVID-19 on severe asthma and potential interactions with therapy, including inhaled and oral corticosteroids, as well as targeted treatment with biologics. It was believed that low eosinophil counts in peripheral blood would be related to the infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself, and not necessarily an indicator that treatments which reduce eosinophil counts in patients with asthma would be associated with more severe COVID-19 disease. As in the placebo controlled trials with omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab and dupilumab in asthmatic patients, no risk of increased infection susceptibility or immunosuppressive effect was reported to date and, in the case of omalizumab, there is a possible anti-infectious effect; hence we do not need to discontinue these treatments during the current pandemic. abstract: Abstract Managing patients with severe asthma during the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 is a challenge. Authorities and physicians are still learning how COVID-19 affects people with underlying diseases, and severe asthma is not an exception. Unless relevant data emerges that changes our understanding of the relative safety of medications indicated in patients with asthma during this pandemic, clinicians must follow the recommendations of current evidence-based guidelines, preventing loss of control and exacerbations. Also, with the absence of data that would indicate any potential harm, current advice is to continue the administration of biologic agents during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with asthma for whom such agents are clearly indicated and have been effective. For the patients with severe asthma infected by SARS-CoV-2, the decision to maintain or postpone biologic therapy until the patient recovers should be a case-by-case based decision supported by a multidisciplinary team. A registry of cases of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma, including those treated with biologics, will help to address a clinical challenge where we have more questions than answers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1939455120300296?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100126 id: cord-339689-pemyxewv author: Moran, Alexander title: Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy date: 2020-07-28 words: 2693.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339689-pemyxewv.txt summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) has published interim COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance, which focuses on administrative controls (including policy, guidance, training and triage practices), environmental controls (including ventilation and waste management) and personal protective equipment (PPE, including rational use thereof) [11] . South Africa responded "yes" to all readiness questions except one administrative control question: "is there a triaging system that can be applied to ARI in the health facilities?" Even in a country like South Africa which is relatively well-prepared for COVID-19, we must examine any additional resources which can be leveraged for an even more effective response. As the country rapidly prepares for mitigating community spread through actions like a nationwide lockdown and travel restrictions, ensuring a coordinated infection prevention and control response at the facility-level can further improve these gains and can ensure that South Africa leverages all possible resources [16, 17] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110528/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020328 id: cord-320656-5gu6ejul author: Moran, Joseph V title: Post-Extubation Stridor Complicating COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Series date: 2020-09-16 words: 1573.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320656-5gu6ejul.txt summary: In this case series, we analyzed nine patients from across our institution who were intubated to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and subsequently developed post-extubation stridor. Our analysis suggests that prophylactic corticosteroids given in the 24-48 hours prior to elective extubation in female COVID-19 patients who were intubated for more than six days with consecutive days of intermittent prone ventilation may be helpful in reducing the incidence of post-extubation stridor in this population. In this case series, we present nine patients who required mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and later developed post-extubation stridor. The patients presented in this case series possessed some of the well-described risk factors for the development of post-extubation stridor, specifically prolonged mechanical ventilation (9/9 were >8 days), obesity (6/9 had BMI >26.5), and female gender (7/9) [3] . abstract: Post-extubation stridor is a known complication of mechanical ventilation that affects a substantial number of all critical care patients and leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Common risk factors for the development of post-extubation stridor include female gender, older age, and prolonged length of mechanical ventilation. There may be an increased incidence of post-extubation stridor in patients who require mechanical ventilation to manage the respiratory complications of COVID-19. In this case series, we analyzed nine patients from across our institution who were intubated to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 and subsequently developed post-extubation stridor. The patients were predominantly females with prolonged intubations and multiple days of prone ventilation. While the patients in this case series possessed some of the well-described risk factors for post-extubation stridor, there may be risk factors specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that make these patients more susceptible to the complication. The cuff leak test was performed on the majority of patients in the case series and did not successfully predict successful extubation in this population. Our analysis suggests that prophylactic corticosteroids given in the 24-48 hours prior to elective extubation in female COVID-19 patients who were intubated for more than six days with consecutive days of intermittent prone ventilation may be helpful in reducing the incidence of post-extubation stridor in this population. Overall, this case series elucidates the need for exceptionally close monitoring of COVID-19 patients upon extubation for the development of stridor. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10492 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10492 id: cord-281086-fmftr5jn author: Morand, A. title: Child with liver transplant recovers from COVID-19 infection. A case report date: 2020-05-06 words: 1177.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281086-fmftr5jn.txt summary: Abstract We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 We herein present the case of a 55-month-old girl who was infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation. The patient was discharged 20 days after the procedure on tacrolimus immunosuppression therapy and with no immunization against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before the transplantation. Therefore, the clinical case of our young immunocompromised patient recovering from EBV infection at the same time as COVID-19 is particularly interesting. abstract: Abstract We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. Additionally, this is also the first report of confirmed co-infection between COVID-19 and EBV. On the basis of this case, we suggest that liver transplantation is not associated with COVID-19 symptom severity and development. Moreover, COVID-19 and EBV co-infections do not seem to aggravate the clinical outcome. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929693X2030110X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.05.004 id: cord-331604-jf6ybip5 author: Moratto, Daniele title: Flow Cytometry Identifies Risk Factors and Dynamic Changes in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 words: 1907.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331604-jf6ybip5.txt summary: It has been recently shown that progression to severe and critical disease in patients with COVID-19 is associated with reduced expression of HLA-DR molecules on the surface of monocytes, and it has been speculated that this immune abnormality may underlie inadequate adaptive immune responses due to impaired SARS-CoV-2 antigen presentation [8] . Importantly, our results indicate that measurement of HLA-DR and CD4 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) on the surface of monocytes at admission may not only distinguish patients with moderate versus those with severe disease but may also identify patients with severe phenotype who will progress to a critical status versus those who will improve and eventually recover (Fig. 1) . In particular, while progressive improvement in the counts of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + cells was observed in patients with moderate or severe disease who eventually recovered, those who progressed to a critical status remained with very low counts of all of these subsets, associated with markedly reduced expression of HLA-DR and CD4 molecules on the surface of monocytes ( Supplementary Fig. 2 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32594342/ doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00806-6 id: cord-291265-qmylxndp author: Moravvej, Zahra title: COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran date: 2020-04-23 words: 1219.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291265-qmylxndp.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic: Ophthalmic practice and precautions in a tertiary eye hospital in Iran 7 Here, we address the prevention strategies employed against COVID-19 according to assessments of infection control experts and ophthalmologists, in Amiralmomenin Hospital a tertiary referral eye hospital in Guilan, Iran. To avoid redundant visits to the hospital, patients who were managed in an outpatient setting were contacted via phone by eye-care professionals at appropriate intervals. Environmental surfaces frequently touched by staff and patients, such as light switches, door knobs, and nursing stations were cleaned according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. The personal protective equipment for the eye-care nursing staff, ophthalmology residents, and attending eye surgeons included Latex gloves, eye protection (goggles or face shields), a surgical-style face mask, a long-sleeved fluid-resistant gown, and disposable shoe covers. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has currently caused a global health threat. Ophthalmic care settings pose a risk of cross-infection. The preventive strategy regarding ophthalmic practice in response to the outbreak is discussed. This is the first report form a tertiary eye hospital in Iran and second of its kind worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32321611/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.164 id: cord-341288-x0wuj26f author: Moreira, Bruno Lima title: COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: what should be considered to indicate a computed tomography pulmonary angiography scan? date: 2020-06-01 words: 1724.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341288-x0wuj26f.txt summary: Here, we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute pulmonary embolism. Clinical and laboratory data and findings of non-enhanced CT indicate possibility of acute pulmonary embolism, and support the decision to proceed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography that can objectively identify filling defects in pulmonary arterial branches. This case report described a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 who developed acute PE several days after the onset of viral pneumonia. In conclusion, we should be aware of the association between COVID-19 and acute PE, and consider the clinical and laboratory findings as well as non-enhanced chest CT features (if performed) in the decision to perform a CTPA scan for patients infected with the novel coronavirus. COVID-19 pneumonia with hemoptysis: acute segmental pulmonary emboli associated with novel coronavirus infection abstract: The full spectrum of COVID-19 is still emerging, although several studies have highlighted that patients infected with the novel coronavirus can potentially develop a hypercoagulable state. However, several aspects related to the incidence and pathophysiology of the association between COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism are not well established. Here, we present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who developed acute pulmonary embolism. Clinical and laboratory data and findings of non-enhanced CT indicate possibility of acute pulmonary embolism, and support the decision to proceed with computed tomography pulmonary angiography that can objectively identify filling defects in pulmonary arterial branches. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32491103/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0267-2020 id: cord-286220-0einpgeu author: Moreira, Diana Nadine title: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the precipitation of intimate partner violence date: 2020-06-26 words: 6057.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286220-0einpgeu.txt summary: It is known from previous J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f studies, that intimate partner violence tends to increase during emergencies, including epidemics, and although robust data is still lacking, reports from China, the United States of America, and several European countries, point towards the same tendency concerning the Covid-19 pandemic (Boserup et al., 2020; Bradley et al., 2020; Gupta, 2020; Mahase, 2020; Newberry & Cruz, 2020; Parveen & Grierson, 2020; World Health Organization, 2020) . In this review, we have discussed some of the most well -known and frequently reported risk factors associated with IPV, discussing them in light with the current context in the Covid-19 pandemic raising awareness to the safety of victims and the recognition and management of cases by health care professionals. abstract: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global pandemic and many have been victims of it long before Covid-19. International organizations have documented an increase in IPV reports during the current pandemic, raising awareness of the potential causes for such an increase. Reflecting on risk factors associated with IPV, and the underlying need of the perpetrators to exert control over the victims, it becomes increasingly important to understand how the current policies of social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown can precipitate episodes of IPV. Furthermore, access to specialized services and health care can be compromised, and health care professionals face new challenges and demands imposed by the pandemic while managing IPV cases. This article begins by examining the main risk factors more commonly associated with IPV in the literature. It proceeds by reflecting on how these risk factors may be exacerbated during the Covid-19 pandemic, which can explain the increased number of reports. Finally, it emphasizes the new challenges faced by health care professionals, while assisting IPV victims during the pandemic and provides possible recommendations on actions to implement during and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic to prevent such cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101606 doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101606 id: cord-326321-9n345vyu author: Moreno, Cinthia Baldallo title: Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab date: 2020-07-27 words: 1072.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326321-9n345vyu.txt summary: title: Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab Infección por COVID-19 en una paciente con síndrome urticarial hipocomplementémico y vasculitis ANCA MPO en hemodiálisis tratada con omalizumab. Los brotes de vasculitis urticarial se consideraron un trigger del deterioro de la función renal, por lo que se inició omalizumab. Un estudio observacional de un solo centro realizado por Goicoechea et al 7 en una población de pacientes en HD mostró que la tasa de mortalidad es muy alta (hasta 30,5%), comparado con la mortalidad observada en la población general secundaria a la infección por COVID-19 (1,4-8%). Nosotros creemos que el curso clínico leve de COVID-19 en nuestra paciente en HD podría ser debido, en parte, a la protección conferida por el tratamiento con omalizumab. Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0211699520300953 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.07.001 id: cord-313239-0gl43af5 author: Moreno, Courtney C. title: CT colonography’s role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a safe(r), socially distanced total colon examination date: 2020-08-03 words: 2821.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313239-0gl43af5.txt summary: Guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and directives from state officials resulted in the postponement of elective procedures including cancer screening at facilities to prevent community spread and to preserve the healthcare workforce, facilities, and personal protective equipment (PPE) for an anticipated surge of COVID-19 patients [2] . CT colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer screening has typically been canceled and deferred to a later date during the initial COVID-19 surge as highlighted by an internal By comparison, optical colonoscopy utilizes more pieces of PPE as it requires more healthcare workers in close proximity to the patient for longer periods of time including the endoscopist and additional healthcare workers such as an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist to administer sedation and a nurse to provide procedural and post-procedural monitoring as the patient recovers from sedation. abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the favorable procedural profile of CT colonography (CTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Postponement of cancer screening due to COVID-19 has resulted in a backlog of individuals needing to undergo structural examination of the colon. The experience during the initial COVID-19 surge with urgent evaluation of the colon for transplant patients prior to transplant suggests that CTC can be done in a lower risk manner as compared to other structural examinations. The procedural profile of CTC is advantageous during this pandemic as maintaining social distancing and preserving healthcare supplies including PPE are of paramount importance. CTC is an important option to utilize in the screening armamentarium to allow effective screening of average risk asymptomatic individuals in the COVID-19 era. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02674-5 doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02674-5 id: cord-287203-8ml2ic4a author: Moreno, G. title: Revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad pronóstica del dímero-D, coagulación intravascular diseminada y tratamiento anticoagulante en pacientes graves con COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 5293.0 sentences: 469.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287203-8ml2ic4a.txt summary: Resumen Durante la nueva pandemia causada por SARS-CoV-2, existe poca evidencia en relación a varios aspectos de la enfermedad, como es el caso de la coagulopatía e interpretación de los niveles de dímero D, su asociación con coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) y controversia en cuanto al beneficio de la anticoagulación. La presente revisión en pacientes con COVID-19 sugiere la presencia de mayores niveles de dímero D en aquellos con peor pronóstico, que puede haber un sobrediagnóstico de CID en el curso de la enfermedad y que no existe evidencia sobre el beneficio de iniciar tratamiento anticoagulante basándose únicamente en datos aislados de laboratorio. Estudios recientes 4,5 sugieren que las muertes por enfermedad grave por SARS-CoV-2 se asocian de forma frecuente a la presencia de coagulopatía y coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID), y que valores elevados de dímero D (DD) superiores a 1 g/ml se asocian con mayor mortalidad 6 . abstract: Resumen Durante la nueva pandemia causada por SARS-CoV-2, existe poca evidencia en relación a varios aspectos de la enfermedad, como es el caso de la coagulopatía e interpretación de los niveles de dímero D, su asociación con coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) y controversia en cuanto al beneficio de la anticoagulación. Por ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática para definir el rol del dímero D en la enfermedad, la prevalencia y valor pronóstico de la CID y la utilidad del tratamiento anticoagulante en dichos pacientes. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica y análisis de la literatura sobre pacientes con COVID-19. Se elaboraron cuatro recomendaciones basadas en la opinión de expertos y en el conocimiento científico, según el sistema Grading of Recommendations Assesment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). La presente revisión en pacientes con COVID-19 sugiere la presencia de mayores niveles de dímero D en aquellos con peor pronóstico, que puede haber un sobrediagnóstico de CID en el curso de la enfermedad y que no existe evidencia sobre el beneficio de iniciar tratamiento anticoagulante basándose únicamente en datos aislados de laboratorio. Abstract During the new pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is short knowledge regarding the management of different disease areas, such as coagulopathy and interpretation of D-dimer levels, its association with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and controversy about the benefit of anticoagulation. Thus, a systematic review has been performed to define the role of D-dimer in the disease, the prevalence of DIC and the usefulness of anticoagulant treatment in these patients. A literature search was performed to analyze the studies of COVID-19 patients. Four recommendations were drawn based on expert opinion and scientific knowledge, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The present review suggests the presence of higher levels of D-dimer in those with worse prognosis, there may be an overdiagnosis of DIC in the course of the disease and there is no evidence on the benefit of starting anticoagulant treatment based only on isolated laboratory data. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646669/ doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.06.006 id: cord-282839-3ii79g6j author: Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J. title: Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease date: 2020-11-07 words: 10245.0 sentences: 560.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282839-3ii79g6j.txt summary: Thus, it seems clear that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the proinflammatory profile caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and other mechanisms over-activated in aging and in metabolic diseases. It seems clear that, mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the low-grade inflammatory profile associated with this disease that is aggravated during aging and has been associated with higher severity in COVID-19 infection. Mediterranean diet, rich in plant foods, is associated with reduced risk of developing age-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related chronic diseases by inducing protection against oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial activity that could be the cause of a reduced inflammation level (Tosti et al., 2018) . Mitochondrial dysfunction releases many damage signals to cytosol that end in the activation of inflammasome and the release of inflammatory cytokines that cause the chronic inflammation associated with aging and age-related diseases. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe pneumonia (COVID-19) that affects essentially elderly people. In COVID-19, macrophage infiltration into the lung causes a rapid and intense cytokine storm leading finally to a multi-organ failure and death. Comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, lung and cardiovascular diseases, all of them age-associated diseases, increase the severity and lethality of COVID-19. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and COVID-19 risk factors. Dysfunctional mitochondria is associated with defective immunological response to viral infections and chronic inflammation. This review discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with defective immune response in aging and different age-related diseases, and with many of the comorbidities associated with poor prognosis in the progression of COVID-19. We suggest here that chronic inflammation caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible of the explosive release of inflammatory cytokines causing severe pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death in COVID-19 patients. Preventive treatments based on therapies improving mitochondrial turnover, dynamics and activity would be essential to protect against COVID-19 severity. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0531556520304952 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147 id: cord-316837-xwc9d5sy author: Morgan, Catrin title: Should I use steroid injections to treat shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-09-09 words: 646.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316837-xwc9d5sy.txt summary: On March 11 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus for COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. The aim of this article is to critically appraise the evidence that form the rationale behind these guidelines and to review the alternative treatment options for the management of shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the 23 causative virus for COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency 29 . The first line of treatment for shoulder pain is usually non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 51 (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. Nevertheless, there is currently no evidence that the acute 55 use of NSAIDs causes an increased risk of developing COVID-19 or developing a more 56 severe COVID-19 disease 28 . Acute use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in people 274 with or at risk of COVID-19 (RPS2001) The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 313 in patients with abstract: Corticosteroid (CS) injections are commonly used both in primary and secondary care in the management of chronic shoulder pain. On March 11 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus for COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. There was initial concern with the use of CS injections during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the increased potential for adrenal insufficiency and altered immune response. This led to the publication of guidelines from societies around the world. The aim of this article is to critically appraise the evidence that form the rationale behind these guidelines and to review the alternative treatment options for the management of shoulder pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666638320301316?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.07.023 id: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 words: 25744.0 sentences: 1020.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt summary: The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. On 28th February, the first death of a British national occurred on the quarantined Diamond Princess cruise ship, and the Sunday Times reported that around the same time Dominic Cummings (Johnson''s Chief Advisor, and former director of the successful Vote Leave campaign) had ''outlined the government''s strategy'' for the UK''s national response to the virus ''at a private engagement'', quoting those present as claiming that it was ''herd immunity, protect the economy, and if that means some pensioners die, too bad'' (Shipman and Wheeler 2020) . abstract: Through analysis of the UK government’s management of the COVID-19 outbreak, this paper offers an empirical demonstration of the principle of culture’s relative autonomy. It does so by showing how the outcome of meaning-making struggles had impacts on political legitimacy, public behaviour, and control over the spread of the virus. Ultimately, these impacts contributed to the avoidable deaths of tens of thousands of UK citizens. Dividing the crisis into phases within a secular ritual passage or ‘social drama’, it shows how each phase was defined by struggles between the government and other actors to code the unfolding events in an appropriate moral way, to cast actors in their proper roles, and to plot them together in a storied fashion under a suitable narrative genre. Taken together, these processes constituted a conflictual effort to define the meaning of what was occurring. The paper also offers more specific contributions to cultural sociology by showing why social performance theory needs to consider the effects of casting non-human actors in social dramas, how metaphor forms a powerful tool of political action through simplifying and shaping complex realities, and how casting can shift responsibility and redefine the meaning of emotionally charged events such as human death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078075/ doi: 10.1057/s41290-020-00121-y id: cord-310555-nhnhst3f author: Morgan, Randall C. title: On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date: 2020-07-22 words: 3471.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt summary: The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. 22 The 3-year initiative seeks to develop and coordinate a strategic and structured information network of national, state/territorial/tribal and local public and community-based organizations who will mitigate the impacts by 1 : improving the reach of COVID-19-related public health messaging 2 ; increasing connection to healthcare and social services 3 ; decreasing disparities in COVID-19 testing and vaccination rates; and 4 enhancing capacity and infrastructure to support response, recovery, and resilience. abstract: The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. While our purview as the new pandemic epicenter should be a sufficient driver, coordinated health professionals bringing thoughtful attention to our historical context may be warranted. Prompting our advocacy should be the reality that our collective ability to rebound from such crises may ultimately hinge on protecting and equipping our most vulnerable racial-ethnic minority groups and any susceptible individuals within those populations. Recent historic firsts on behalf of racial and ethnic minorities taken by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Office of Minority Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in response to COVID-19, if proven effective, should be considered for permanency within policy, practice and funding. In addition, given the complex history of Black Americans in this country and persistent and substantial Black-white disparities on health and economic measures across the board, the ultimate solution for improving the health and status Black Americans may look slightly different. Influenced by the 400th year anniversary of the first documented arrival of unfree Africans in North America in 1619, as well as the introduction of bills S.1080 and H.R.40 into Congress (The Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act), some kind of reparations for Black Americans might serve as the logical starting point for further advocacy. Nevertheless, we remain supportive allies of all organizations concerned with communities who suffer the weight of this pandemic and any future world health disasters. What is additionally needed is a thoughtful unification of efforts and a commitment to sustained progress with measurable results for as long as the need exists and certainly for the foreseeable future. Let us as humane clinicians and public health professionals capture this moment of challenge and follow through on this urgent call to action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711898/ doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.011 id: cord-271235-rsewj2mv author: Morgul, Ebru title: COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey date: 2020-07-10 words: 3658.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271235-rsewj2mv.txt summary: For attitudinal items, normal participants generally showed more positive attitudes than the fatigued in believing that COVID-19 will finally be controlled, satisfaction with preventive measures taken by the authorities, reporting suspected cases with symptoms and trusting that Turkey can overcome the COVID-19 pandemic (p < .001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that level of education, avoiding going to crowded places, eye, nose and mouth organs are sensitive organs to the virus, keeping physical distance due to epidemic affect by COVID-19 virus, isolation and treatment of people reduce the spread of COVID-19 virus and 14-days period of time, COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with the respiratory droplets of an infected person, occupational status, health education programme needed and antibody treatment variables were significantly associated with fatigue after adjusting for age, gender and income variables. abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue as a mental health issue among the population of Istanbul, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, between March and June 2020, where a total of 4,700 persons were approached and 3,672 (78%) of participants (64.4% males and 35.6% females) completed the Knowledge Attitude Practices (KAP) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaires. RESULTS: In this study, 64.1% of participants were categorized as psychologically fatigued and 35.9% as normal. There was a significant difference between fatigued and normal participants with respect to age, educational level, occupational status, place of residence and number of family members (p < .001). Other differences related to knowledge of COVID-19 were symptoms, treatment, ways of spreading (p < .001), prevention by avoiding crowded places (p = .008) and isolation (p = .002). For attitudinal items, normal participants generally showed more positive attitudes than the fatigued in believing that COVID-19 will finally be controlled, satisfaction with preventive measures taken by the authorities, reporting suspected cases with symptoms and trusting that Turkey can overcome the COVID-19 pandemic (p < .001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that level of education, avoiding going to crowded places, eye, nose and mouth organs are sensitive organs to the virus, keeping physical distance due to epidemic affect by COVID-19 virus, isolation and treatment of people reduce the spread of COVID-19 virus and 14-days period of time, COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with the respiratory droplets of an infected person, occupational status, health education programme needed and antibody treatment variables were significantly associated with fatigue after adjusting for age, gender and income variables. CONCLUSION: The current study provides valuable information for policymakers and mental health professionals worldwide regarding associations between the mental health of individuals and the ongoing outbreak, COVİD-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020941889 doi: 10.1177/0020764020941889 id: cord-337995-z4rcczki author: Moris, Dimitrios title: Kidney Transplant Recipients Infected By COVID‐19: Review of the Initial Published Experience date: 2020-07-23 words: 2737.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337995-z4rcczki.txt summary: The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature specifically in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, post‐operative outcomes and therapeutic strategies currently employed. This review highlights the clinical spectrum currently reported in COVID-19 infected KTx patients, which may vary from asymptomatic and treated on an outpatient basis, to severely Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Kidney and Liver Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia Immunosuppressive therapy maintenance in a kidney transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: A case report Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? Successful recovery from severe COVID-19 pneumonia after kidney transplantation: The interplay between immunosuppression and novel therapy including tocilizumab Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a renal transplant recipient: Case report abstract: There is an accumulating body of literature surrounding the impact of COVID‐19 infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature specifically in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, post‐operative outcomes and therapeutic strategies currently employed. We identified thirty‐seven studies published between January 1(st) 2020 to June 10(th) 2020 that were included in our analysis. As is reported in the general population, there is a wide variation in COVID‐19 presentation among KTx patients, ranging from asymptomatic to life‐threatening end‐organ failure. The most common symptoms are predominantly respiratory and associated with fever. On lab evaluation, many patients present with lymphopenia and increased CRP, which are both associated with inferior outcomes. The majority of patients with severe symptoms have been managed with reduction of immunosuppression, including decreased doses of CNIs and withdrawal of MMF. Lastly, although there is no high‐level data supporting the use of immunomodulatory drugs, such as IL‐6 inhibitors, early experiences have suggested these drugs may improve outcomes in KTx patients with severe COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13426 doi: 10.1111/tid.13426 id: cord-310697-zszexapf author: Morlacco, Alessandro title: The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology date: 2020-05-06 words: 2039.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310697-zszexapf.txt summary: As we are in the midst of the pandemic, every urology centre is experiencing this situation with different intensities, according to the local policies surrounding COVID-19 management and testing, the prevalence of the virus in their location and the other health-care provisions available in their region. In Padova, new health-care policies issued by the regional administration on 13 March cancelled all non-urgent outpatient visits and strongly limited the availability of operating rooms and ICU beds for any kind of elective surgery 2 . A certain number of the patients ordinarily sent for urgent in-hospital consult could in fact be effectively evaluated (and, in some cases, treated) by their primary care provider. An agenda of patient-centred policies, together with rigorous and well-conducted research into the virus itself and the effect of altered or delayed procedures in urology will be necessary to overcome both old and new clinical problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in immediate effects on urological practice, in particular the vast reduction in elective surgeries. These changes are likely to have long-term effects for both patients and for urologists, which will persist even after the pandemic resolves. The many facets of COVID-19’s effects on urology remain to be seen, but they might also offer opportunities to reassess and improve patient management in urology and beyond. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-020-0331-y doi: 10.1038/s41585-020-0331-y id: cord-034443-rptylxmw author: Morley, John E. title: COVID-19 — The Long Road to Recovery date: 2020-10-05 words: 1789.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034443-rptylxmw.txt summary: Older persons who underwent lockdown with the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have decreased their exercise and developed sarcopenia. In view of the multiple complications associated with "long Covid" it is essential that during recovery older persons are carefully followed by physicians and other health professionals. It is suggested that at discharge from hospital and at 3 months discharge from hospital all COVID-19 patients are screened for frailty with the FRAIL test (48) (49) (50) (51) , sarcopenia with the SARC-F (52-55), anorexia with the SNAQ (56, 57) and cognitive failure with the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) (58) . The association between frailty and severe disease among COVID-19 patients aged over 60 years in China: A prospective cohort study Increased risk of acute stroke among patient with severe COVID-19: A multicenter study and meta-analysis Effects of exercise interventions on the functional status of acutely hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597432/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1497-y id: cord-346019-nxn4sfzw author: Morollón, Noemí title: Tratamientos habituales utilizados en cefaleas y neuralgias y sars-cov-2.posicionamiento del grupo de estudio de cefaleas de la sociedad española de neurología date: 2020-07-28 words: 1777.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346019-nxn4sfzw.txt summary: J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Introducción Ante las múltiples consultas realizadas en los últimos meses por pacientes, médicos de familia y neurólogos sobre la posibilidad de que algunos de los fármacos que habitualmente se utilizan en cefaleas y neuralgias puedan favorecer o complicar la infección por el SARS-CoV-2, el Grupo de Estudio de Cefaleas de la Sociedad Española de Neurología quiere expresar lo siguiente: Ningún estamento científico neurológico se ha posicionado en la actualidad sobre el tratamiento de las cefaleas que tenían previamente los pacientes afectados por la COVID-19 y en la literatura sólo hay artículos de opinión publicados hasta el momento. Por otra parte, consideramos importante aportar luz sobre esta cuestión ante los datos aportados últimamente sobre la presencia de cefalea de nueva aparición en pacientes que sufren COVID-19 1-3 y las implicaciones en su tratamiento. abstract: Abstract Introduction: In recent months, doubts have arisen among patients, general practitioners, and neurologists as to whether some drugs commonly used in patients with headaches and neuralgia may favour or complicate the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Material and methods: We collected information on the opinions of scientific societies and medicines agencies (American, European, and Spanish) to clarify doubts regarding the use of drugs such as lisinopril, candesartan, ibuprofen, corticosteroids, carbamazepine, and monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene–related peptide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We make recommendations about the use of standard headache treatments in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the current scientific evidence. Conclusions: At present, there is no robust scientific argument to formally contraindicate any of the standard treatments employed for headaches and neuralgias. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32896463/ doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.007 id: cord-339990-gtbhb24z author: Moroni, Francesco title: COVID-19 and arterial thrombosis: A potentially fatal combination date: 2020-10-20 words: 958.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339990-gtbhb24z.txt summary: 7 While thrombotic and thromboembolic episodes frequently complicate the course of severe infectious diseases, this study, along with similar reports, suggests that several clinical and pathophysiological features differentiate those related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9,10 Second, clinical profile of patients who experience these complications is in line with that emerging from similar reports, suggesting that arterial thrombosis events in SARS-CoV-2 infection more frequently involve relatively young males, and occur in large arterial vessels (e.g. the aorta and the mesenteric artery) without significant pre-existing atherosclerotic burden, suggesting a causative mechanism that may be independent of thrombotic superimposition on an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Third, hemostatic derangements in critically-ill patients usually involve a combination of coagulation pathway alteration, direct platelet consumption or activation, and inflammation-mediated pro-thrombotic state resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 7 Interestingly, previous reports on venous thromboembolism in severe COVID-19 pneumonia have also showed a substantial rate of thrombotic events in spite of adequate prophylactic anticoagulation 11 . Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0167527320339991 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.046 id: cord-327575-5pcnuqgy author: Morrisette, Taylor title: The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse date: 2020-08-01 words: 5447.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt summary: The objective of this review was to describe the current understanding of the PK/PD and dose selection of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, discuss knowledge gaps, and identify future studies that are needed to optimize the efficacy and safety of treatments against COVID-19. Although studies completed thus far show variable results, Arshad and colleagues performed a large multicenter, retrospective, observational analysis that evaluated patients hospitalized because of a COVID-19-related admission receiving HCQ 400 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by HCQ 200 mg twice daily on days 2 to 5 [14] [15] [16] [17] . Furthermore, the World Health Organization discontinued the HCQ arm in the Solidarity trial because it showed ''''little or no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients when compared to standard of care'''' (HCQ dosed 800 mg twice daily on day 1, followed by HCQ 400 mg twice daily for a total of 10 days), and the Food and Drug Administration revoked the emergency use authorization to utilize HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 [16] [17] [18] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently responsible for a global pandemic. To date, only remdesivir and dexamethasone have demonstrated a positive response in a prospective, randomized trial for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an agent available in an oral formulation with in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 that has been suggested as a potential agent. Unfortunately, results of randomized trials evaluating HCQ as treatment against a control group are lacking, and little is known about its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile against SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this review was to describe the current understanding of the PK/PD and dose selection of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, discuss knowledge gaps, and identify future studies that are needed to optimize the efficacy and safety of treatments against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32740858/ doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00325-2 id: cord-312137-u260m04t author: Morrison, Daniel R. title: Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center date: 2020-05-19 words: 3375.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312137-u260m04t.txt summary: Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic. With this context in mind, the current paper will retrospectively discuss the approach of the head and neck surgery (HNS) division of our tertiary care center in Birmingham, AL with regard to surgical care, outpatient care, and academics. Until March 27th, clinics were continued on a limited basis to head and neck patients with an urgent need; new confirmed cancer diagnoses, post-op care, or patients with worsening symptoms due to their disease process/malignancy. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2(COVID19) pandemic. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID‐19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama. METHODS: Data with regard to case numbers and types were obtained during the pandemic and compared with time matched data. Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. DISCUSSION: Our HNS division saw a 55% reduction in surgical volume during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427410/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26262 id: cord-303442-5fjb6iz8 author: Morshed, M. S. title: Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh date: 2020-08-01 words: 1565.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303442-5fjb6iz8.txt summary: title: Clinical manifestations of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) attending at hospitals in Bangladesh Bangladesh is in the rising phase of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is the first study aimed to report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients attending the fever clinic of a dedicated COVID-19 Hospital (Kurmitola general hospital) in Dhaka city of Bangladesh and two Upazila health complexes from different districts (Jessore and Jhenaidah) from 5 July to 18 July 2020. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of RT-PCR confirmed patients with COVID-19 attending fever clinics of government hospitals in Bangladesh. The most prevalent symptoms of non-critical COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh consist of fever (78.6%), fatigue (68%), and cough (44.7%). abstract: Bangladesh is in the rising phase of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the scientific literature on clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients from Bangladesh is virtually absent. This is the first study aimed to report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study at three dedicated COVID-19 hospitals. A total of 103 RT-PCR confirmed non-critical COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Sociodemographic factors, underlying disease conditions, clinical symptoms and vital signs including oxygen saturation were documented and analyzed. The median age of the patients was 37 years (IQR: 31-53); most of the patients (71.8%) were male. Mild, moderate and severe illness were present in 74.76%, 9.71% and 15.53% of patients respectively. More than half (52.4%) patients had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common (34%), followed by diabetes (21.4%) and Ischemic heart disease (9.7%). Fever (78.6%), weakness (68%) and cough (44.7%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included loss of appetite (37.9%), difficulty breathing (37.9%), altered sensation of taste or smell (35.0%), headache (32%) and bodyache (32%). The median time from onset of symptom to attending hospitals was 7 days (IQR 4-10). This study will help both the clinicians and epidemiologists to understand the magnitude and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.30.20165100 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.30.20165100 id: cord-274250-95yzt1gj author: Mortaz, Esmaeil title: Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-16 words: 2716.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274250-95yzt1gj.txt summary: The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The kinetics and allosteric regulation of Hb nitrosylation by oxygen and pH are consistent with the physiologic mechanisms that modulate tissue blood flow, namely acidosis and hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia leads to NO generation by the RBC via SNO-protein transfer of NO activity [12] . To examine the hypothesis that NO is important in regulating vasodilation during hypoxia in these subjects we studied intracellular levels of NO in COVID-19 patients. In our study, intracellular RBC NO of COVID-19 patients is significantly higher than in healthy controls and this may enable the release of oxygen to tissues resulting in the clinical manifestation of silent hypoxia in these patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost 100 countries, infected over 31 M patients and resulted in 961 K deaths worldwide as of 21st September 2020. The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The pathogenesis of the respiratory failure in COVID-19 is yet unknown, but diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial thickening leading to compromised gas exchange is a plausible mechanism. Hypoxia is seen in the COVID-19 patients, however, patients present with a distinct phenotype. Intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) play an important role in the vasodilation of small vessels. To elucidate the intracellular levels of NO inside of RBCs in COVID-19 patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. METHODS: We recruited 14 COVID-19 infected cases who had pulmonary involvement of their disease, 4 non-COVID-19 healthy controls (without pulmonary involvement and were not hypoxic) and 2 hypoxic non-COVID-19 patients subjects who presented at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital of Tehran, Iran between March–May 2020. Whole blood samples were harvested from patients and intracellular NO levels in 1 × 10(6) red blood cells (RBC) was measured by DAF staining using flow cytometry (FACS Calibour, BD, CA, USA). RESULTS: The Mean florescent of intensity for NO was significantly enhanced in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control subjects (P ≤ 0.05). As a further control for whether hypoxia induced this higher intracellular NO, we evaluated the levels of NO inside RBC of hypoxic patients. No significant differences in NO levels were seen between the hypoxic and non-hypoxic control group. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates increased levels of intracellular NO in RBCs from COVID-19 patients. Future multi-centre studies should examine whether this is seen in a larger number of COVID-19 patients and whether NO therapy may be of use in these severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01310-8 doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01310-8 id: cord-260441-3t7ppofw author: Morvan, J.-B. title: Trachéotomie percutanée pour afflux saturant de patients COVID-19: expérience des ORL militaires déployés à Mulhouse date: 2020-06-25 words: 3717.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260441-3t7ppofw.txt summary: Résumé Objectifs: L''objectif principal était de montrer la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées réalisées par les ORL militaires lors de leur déploiement en urgence à l''Elément Militaire de Réanimation du Service de Santé des Armées (EMRSSA) à Mulhouse pour faire face à la situation sanitaire exceptionnelle liée au COVID-19. Objectifs L''objectif principal était de montrer la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées réalisées par les ORL militaires lors de leur déploiement en urgence à l''Elément Militaire de Réanimation du Service de Santé des Armées (EMRSSA) à Mulhouse pour faire face à la situation sanitaire exceptionnelle liée au COVID-19. Cette technique est réalisée le plus fréquemment (74% des cas) par un ou plusieurs MAR pour aider au sevrage entre J7 et J15 les patients en réanimation d''une ventilation mécanique prolongée, avec 53,7% des indications d''après l''enquête internationale de Vargas [8] . abstract: Résumé Objectifs: L’objectif principal était de montrer la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées réalisées par les ORL militaires lors de leur déploiement en urgence à l’Elément Militaire de Réanimation du Service de Santé des Armées (EMRSSA) à Mulhouse pour faire face à la situation sanitaire exceptionnelle liée au COVID-19. L’objectif secondaire était d’étudier la fiabilité et la sécurité de la procédure pour le patient et pour le personnel soignant, avec un risque de contamination virale iatrogène. Matériel et Méthodes: Une étude rétrospective monocentrique a été réalisée entre le 25 mars et le 25 avril 2020, chez 47 patients COVID-19 nécessitant une ventilation mécanique prolongée. Le critère d’inclusion était d’avoir bénéficié d’une trachéotomie percutanée. Résultats: 18 patients inclus consécutivement avaient bénéficié d’une trachéotomie percutanée avec succès malgré des conditions anatomiques défavorables (cou court : 83,3 %, surcharge pondérale ou obésité : 88,9%). Le délai médian de réalisation était de 11 jours après l’intubation, la durée moyenne de 7 minutes. La procédure était techniquement conforme dans 83,3 %, considérée comme facile (score d’auto-évaluation) dans 72,2 %, avec deux complications per-procédure mineures. Aucune conversion chirurgicale n’avait été observée. Une seule complication majeure hémorragique post-procédure tardive était notée. Conclusion: Cette étude a montré la faisabilité des trachéotomies percutanées par un ORL dans ces conditions à risque biologique COVID-19. La technique était rapide, facile et sûre et répondait aux exigences de sécurité pour le patient et le personnel soignant. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187972612030173X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.aforl.2020.06.005 id: cord-255602-3pzh5ur9 author: Moscadelli, Andrea title: Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study date: 2020-08-12 words: 4590.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255602-3pzh5ur9.txt summary: We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent "fake news" during that period. We used the BuzzSumo pplication [38] in order to gather the most shared links or posts on the Internet and social media related to SARS-CoV-2 and the Covid-19 pandemic. The 9 keywords were chosen in a consensus meeting of the research group, since they were the most likely to uncover health-related false information using the BuzzSumo search engine, and specifically fake news that would not meet our exclusion criteria. An article was immediately excluded when the content did not deal specifically with health or science, i.e., the focus may have been on the socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic, which was a topic we excluded from our fake news review. abstract: During the Covid-19 pandemic, risk communication has often been ineffective, and from this perspective “fake news” has found fertile ground, both as a cause and a consequence of it. The aim of this study is to measure how much “fake news” and corresponding verified news have circulated in Italy in the period between 31 December 2019 and 30 April 2020, and to estimate the quality of informal and formal communication. We used the BuzzSumo application to gather the most shared links on the Internet related to the pandemic in Italy, using keywords chosen according to the most frequent “fake news” during that period. For each research we noted the numbers of “fake news” articles and science-based news articles, as well as the number of engagements. We reviewed 2102 articles. Links that contained fake news were shared 2,352,585 times, accounting for 23.1% of the total shares of all the articles reviewed. Our study throws light on the “fake news” phenomenon in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A quantitative assessment is fundamental in order to understand the impact of false information and to define political and technical interventions in health communication. Starting from this evaluation, health literacy should be improved by means of specific interventions in order to improve informal and formal communication. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806772/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165850 id: cord-346815-4t4gr0jz author: Moshayedi, Pouria title: Triage of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Confirmed COVID-19: Large Vessel Occlusion Associated With Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-04-21 words: 1492.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346815-4t4gr0jz.txt summary: We present our experience with an in-hospital stroke code called on a COVID-19-positive patient with a left middle cerebral artery syndrome and the challenges faced for timely examination, imaging, and decision to intervene. Rapid attendance at the patient bedside, clinical exam, and timely imaging studies have been emphasized in the care of acute ischemic stroke patients, but the global pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (1) has created novel and significant challenges to acute stroke care. We also discuss the current evidence and recommendations to decrease healthcare-associated transmission in acute clinical examination, imaging, and interventional procedures in acute stroke patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Early reports from the COVID-19 pandemic have noted a 41% nosocomial infection rate (2) , which highlights the importance of developing protocols for transfer, imaging, intubation, and surgical or endovascular procedures on COVID-19 patients presenting with acute stroke. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a significant challenge to global healthcare. Acute stroke care requires rapid bedside attendance, imaging, and intervention. However, for acute stroke patients who have a diagnosis of or are under investigation for COVID-19, the concern for nosocomial transmission moderates operational procedures for acute stroke care. We present our experience with an in-hospital stroke code called on a COVID-19-positive patient with a left middle cerebral artery syndrome and the challenges faced for timely examination, imaging, and decision to intervene. The outlook for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the development of protocols to sustain timely and effective acute stroke care while mitigating healthcare-associated transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32373061/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00353 id: cord-303137-g2pe3ad8 author: Moss, Emanuel title: High Tech, High Risk: Tech Ethics Lessons for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response date: 2020-10-09 words: 5944.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303137-g2pe3ad8.txt summary: The tech companies that are driving the technological response to the COVID-19 pandemic have arranged their business models and organizational practices around building products that distribute upsides and downsides according to socio-historical patterns, as interpreted by machines, yet lack the capacity to ''''understand just how pervasively. Given the profound threat of COVID-19, it is crucial to consider how the application of machine learning to the social challenges of a global pandemic can produce and distribute risk across society. 61 Over the past 2 years, we have been studying how those inside of Silicon Valley tech companies, which build the machine learning models that are most likely to directly affect people, go about understanding the impacts of machine learning and developing organizational practices to manage the effect they have on how risk is distributed across society. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has, in a matter of a few short months, drastically reshaped society around the world. Because of the growing perception of machine learning as a technology capable of addressing large problems at scale, machine learning applications have been seen as desirable interventions in mitigating the risks of the pandemic disease. However, machine learning, like many tools of technocratic governance, is deeply implicated in the social production and distribution of risk and the role of machine learning in the production of risk must be considered as engineers and other technologists develop tools for the current crisis. This paper describes the coupling of machine learning and the social production of risk, generally, and in pandemic responses specifically. It goes on to describe the role of risk management in the effort to institutionalize ethics in the technology industry and how such efforts can benefit from a deeper understanding of the social production of risk through machine learning. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2020.100102 doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100102 id: cord-308491-fc46k594 author: Mossa-Basha, Mahmud title: Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington date: 2020-04-08 words: 3304.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308491-fc46k594.txt summary: Elective Imaging Exams 3 To promote our efforts to protect our patients and employees from potential exposure, while performing critical and time-sensitive non-invasive diagnostic imaging studies, we are rescheduling elective examinations. In approximately 5000 COVID-19 tested patients across our hospitals, we have performed 4700 chest imaging exams, including 1300 CT and 3400 x-ray examinations. For elective imaging, if the patient did not reschedule their study, arrives at our department and is symptomatic per front door or front desk screening, the patient is provided with a surgical mask and placed in an isolation room. For patients requiring airborne/contact precautions, radiology technologists will perform room sanitizing after imaging while still wearing the same set of PPE as used during patient transfers. For all critical and time-sensitive procedures and imaging studies that involve anesthesia and may require intubation, a RT-PCR test for COVID-19 is performed prior to the procedure to ensure healthcare worker protection. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic initially presented in the United States in the greater Seattle area, and has rapidly progressed across the nation in the past 2 months, with the United States having the highest number of cases in the world. Radiology departments play a critical role in policy and guideline development both for the department and for the institutions, specifically in planning diagnostic screening, triage, and management of patients. In addition, radiology workflows, volumes and access must be optimized in preparation for the expected COVID-19 patient surges. This article discusses the processes that have been implemented at the University of Washington in managing the COVID-19 pandemic as well in preparing for patient surges, which may provide important guidance for other radiology departments who are in the early stages of preparation and management. url: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201326 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201326 id: cord-290987-644d1i1n author: Mostafa, Mohamed K. title: The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt date: 2020-10-10 words: 6523.0 sentences: 361.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290987-644d1i1n.txt summary: title: The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators A case study of Egypt Using Egypt as a case study, this paper presents the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels by studying nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), particulate matter represented in absorbing aerosol index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper presents the Egyptian COVID-19 story from its different angles including the development of confirmed COVID-19 cases, containment measures from the government, the impact on the country''s economy and the national energy consumption so as to effectively evaluate the effect on both the air pollution levels and the other studied environmental indicators. Putting 650 into consideration that it is expected to have post-crisis rebound in the environmental emissions, it has to 651 be noted that the positive impacts of COVID-19 on the environment in Egypt is not sustainable and 652 actions must be taken by officials in Egypt to control water air pollution while keeping a balance between 653 economic growth and protecting the environment. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only affected health and economics, but also its effect extended to include other aspects, such as the environment. Using Egypt as a case study, this paper presents the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels by studying nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), ozone (O(3)), particulate matter represented in absorbing aerosol index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper also highlights the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on other environmental indicators including environmental noise, medical and municipal solid wastes. The paper presents the Egyptian COVID-19 story from its different angles including the development of confirmed COVID-19 cases, containment measures from the government, the impact on the country’s economy and the national energy consumption so as to effectively evaluate the effect on both the air pollution levels and the other studied environmental indicators. For the other environmental indicators, a strong link was observed between COVID-19 lockdown and the reduction in environmental noise, beaches, surface and groundwater pollution. For environmental noise, this has been confirmed by officially governmental announcements which reported that the level of environmental noise in Egypt was reduced by about 75% during the lockdown period. On the other hand, there are some negative effects, including an increase in medical solid waste (from 70 to 300 ton/day), municipal solid waste, as well as a less efficient solid waste recycling process. For air pollution levels, the data were obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency satellite data sets. The data for the lockdown period in 2020 have been extracted and compared to the corresponding months in the selected baseline period (2015-2019) to identify the effect that the lockdown period had on the air pollution levels in Egypt with focus on Cairo and Alexandria governorates. It was found that the AAI decreased by about 30%, the NO(2) decreased by 15 and 33% over Cairo and Alexandria governorates, respectively, and that the CO decreased by about 5% over both governorates. In addition, the GHG emissions in Egypt were reduced by at least 4% during the pandemic. In contrast, ozone levels increased by about 2% over Cairo and Alexandria governorates. It can be concluded that the implemented containment measures during COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in both positive and negative environmental impacts. The positive environmental impacts are not sustainable and deterioration on them is expected to occur after the lockdown as it was before the pandemic. Therefore, stricter laws must be enacted to protect the environment in Egypt. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301479720314213 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111496 id: cord-197480-qmzkpcmn author: Motamed, Saman title: RANDGAN: Randomized Generative Adversarial Network for Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray date: 2020-10-06 words: 4106.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-197480-qmzkpcmn.txt summary: In this study, we propose a randomized generative adversarial network (RANDGAN) that detects images of an unknown class (COVID-19) from known and labelled classes (Normal and Viral Pneumonia) without the need for labels and training data from the unknown class of images (COVID-19). Wang et al.''s CNN based COVID-NET [12] achieved a 93.3% test accuracy for multi-class classification on a test cohort of 100 Normal, 100 Pneumonia and 100 COVID-19 from the COVIDx dataset with the rest of images of each class being used to train their model. In this study, we introduced RANDGAN, a novel generative adversarial network for semi-supervised detection of an unknown (COVID-19) class in chest X-ray images from a pool of known (Normal and Pneumonia) and unknown classes (COVID-19) by only using the known classes for training. By using transfer learning and segmenting the lung, we showed that using lung only images boosts the performance of generative models in detecting COVID-19 from Pneumonia and Normal images. abstract: COVID-19 spread across the globe at an immense rate has left healthcare systems incapacitated to diagnose and test patients at the needed rate. Studies have shown promising results for detection of COVID-19 from viral bacterial pneumonia in chest X-rays. Automation of COVID-19 testing using medical images can speed up the testing process of patients where health care systems lack sufficient numbers of the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. Supervised deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) need enough labeled data for all classes to correctly learn the task of detection. Gathering labeled data is a cumbersome task and requires time and resources which could further strain health care systems and radiologists at the early stages of a pandemic such as COVID-19. In this study, we propose a randomized generative adversarial network (RANDGAN) that detects images of an unknown class (COVID-19) from known and labelled classes (Normal and Viral Pneumonia) without the need for labels and training data from the unknown class of images (COVID-19). We used the largest publicly available COVID-19 chest X-ray dataset, COVIDx, which is comprised of Normal, Pneumonia, and COVID-19 images from multiple public databases. In this work, we use transfer learning to segment the lungs in the COVIDx dataset. Next, we show why segmentation of the region of interest (lungs) is vital to correctly learn the task of classification, specifically in datasets that contain images from different resources as it is the case for the COVIDx dataset. Finally, we show improved results in detection of COVID-19 cases using our generative model (RANDGAN) compared to conventional generative adversarial networks (GANs) for anomaly detection in medical images, improving the area under the ROC curve from 0.71 to 0.77. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.06418v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-341880-wxliz485 author: Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul title: COVID-19 induced economic loss and ensuring food security for vulnerable groups: Policy implications from Bangladesh date: 2020-10-16 words: 7552.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341880-wxliz485.txt summary: This study examines the food security and welfare impacts of the COVID-19 induced lockdown on daily wage workers both in the farm and nonfarm sectors in Bangladesh. Then, applying simple econometric estimation processes, this study estimates the minimum compensation packages for the daily wage-based farm and nonfarm households of Bangladesh that ensure their minimum food security during the lockdown. The estimation suggests a common minimum support at US $ 1 per daily wage-based household in Bangladesh to ensure minimum food security during COVID-19 induced lockdown time. Using information of more than 50,000 respondents from the HIES 2016-17 dataset, this study, firstly quantified the economic loss due to the COVID-19 induced lockdown and suggested the minimum support package to ensure food security of the daily wage-based workers in Bangladesh. abstract: At present nearly half of the world’s population is under some form of government restriction to curb the spread of COVID-19, an extremely contagious disease. In Bangladesh, in the wake of five deaths and 48 infections from COVID-19, between March 24 and May 30, 2020, the government imposed a nationwide lockdown. While this lockdown restricted the spread of COVID-19, in the absence of effective support, it can generate severe food and nutrition insecurity for daily wage-based workers. Of the 61 million employed labor force in Bangladesh, nearly 35% of them are paid on a daily basis. This study examines the food security and welfare impacts of the COVID-19 induced lockdown on daily wage workers both in the farm and nonfarm sectors in Bangladesh. Using information from more than 50,000 respondents complied with the 2016–17 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) in Bangladesh, this study estimates daily wage rates as Bangladesh Taka (BDT) 272.2 in the farm sector and BDT 361.5 in the nonfarm sector. Using the estimated daily wage earnings, this study estimates that a one-day complete lockdown generates a US$64.2 million equivalent economic loss only considering the wage loss of the daily wage workers. After estimating the daily per capita food expenditure separately for farm and nonfarm households, this study estimates a minimum compensation package for the daily wage-based farm and nonfarm households around the US $ 1 per day per household to ensure minimum food security for the daily wage-based worker households. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33064771/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240709 id: cord-256975-ma9abdj8 author: Motterle, Giovanni title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience date: 2020-05-23 words: 2726.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256975-ma9abdj8.txt summary: METHODS: we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). We thus hypothesized that during the COVID-19 outbreak daily consultations requested by the ED were reduced compared to the same period in 2019, possibly because of more "appropriate" access to the service during the pandemic, intended as patients presenting to the ED for real urgent needs. During the COVID-19 period, the patients seeking urgent urological consult were older compared to the past year (median age 72 vs 64, p = 0.035) and there were different diagnoses of admission/discharge (p = 0.002), with almost one third (29%) presenting for urinary retention, compared to the 14.3% of the last year. abstract: PURPOSE: COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel challenge for healthcare systems, and it affects even the daily urological practice. Italy was the first country after China to experience a lock-down period. Our objective is to determine whether, during the COVID-19 period, there has been any modification in urological emergencies. METHODS: we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). Pediatric population (age < 15 years); surgical complications and traumas were excluded to avoid confounding from the reduction of activities during the lockdown. The number of daily consultations, the number of invasive procedures performed and admissions were evaluated, together with the predictors of admission were identified through multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The final sample resulted in 107 consultations performed in 2020 and 266 in 2019. A higher number of daily consultations was performed during 2019 (7.33 vs 2.97, p < 0.001). Similarly, the number of daily-invasive procedures was higher in 2019 (p = 0.006), while there was no difference in the number of daily admissions (15 vs 12, p = 0.80). On multivariate analysis, the year (2020 vs 2019, OR 2.714, 95% CI 1.096–6.757, p = 0.0297) was a significant predictor of admission. CONCLUSIONS: Urgent urology practice was affected during COVID-19 pandemic with a remarkable reduction in urgent urological consultations; furthermore, a higher risk of admissions was observed in 2020. The consequences of a potentially delayed diagnosis remain to be determined. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00345-020-03264-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32447443/ doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03264-2 id: cord-336053-cjq7szcn author: Mottola, Filiberto Fausto title: Cardiovascular System in COVID-19: Simply a Viewer or a Leading Actor? date: 2020-08-27 words: 5639.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336053-cjq7szcn.txt summary: Several studies have observed a relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the cardiovascular system with the appearance of myocardial damage, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure and various arrhythmic manifestations, as well as an increase in thromboembolic risk. Compared to those without an increase in TnT, these patients were more likely to require invasive or non-invasive ventilation (22% versus 4%, and 46% versus 4%, respectively) and to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (59% versus 15%) or acute kidney injury (9% versus 0%; p < 0.001 for all); in addition, the mortality rate was higher (51.2% vs. A recent meta-analysis showed that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) values were significantly higher in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those observed with mild forms [14] . However, myocardial damage alone is not enough and there are other factors involved in enhancing the arrhythmic risk in COVID-19: in fact, in these patients, only half showed acute cardiac injury despite the high frequency of arrhythmias [32] . abstract: As of January 2020, a new pandemic has spread from Wuhan and caused thousands of deaths worldwide. Several studies have observed a relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the cardiovascular system with the appearance of myocardial damage, myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure and various arrhythmic manifestations, as well as an increase in thromboembolic risk. Cardiovascular manifestations have been highlighted especially in older and more fragile patients and in those with multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. In this review, we will examine the cardiac involvement associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on the pathophysiological mechanism underlying manifestations and their clinical implication, taking into account the main scientific papers published to date. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867137/ doi: 10.3390/life10090165 id: cord-267075-0wtgycv5 author: Mouawad, Nicolas J. title: The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) date: 2020-04-22 words: 369.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267075-0wtgycv5.txt summary: title: The Vascular Surgery Covid-19 Collaborative (VASCC) Furthermore, in an effort to preserve the very scarce assets of personal protective 9 equipment as well as Intensive Care Unit resources, such as ventilators, medications, and trained 10 personnel, elective vascular surgical cases have decreased significantly. The American College of Surgeons placed recommendations on the management of 12 elective surgical procedures with the use of the Elective Surgery Acuity Scale on March 13, 2020, 13 and specific tiers to triage vascular surgery operations [3, 4] . On March 14, 2020, the Surgeon 14 General urged the widespread halt of hospital elective procedures due to the mounting concerns 15 of the Covid-19 surge. On behalf of our patients, we are concerned about the delays of these procedures 19 but clearly understand the public health necessity to restrict the use of valuable equipment and 20 personnel. COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Vascular Surgery 9 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0741521420310545 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.463 id: cord-320823-a1fq6mno author: Moula, Amalia Ioanna title: Quantification of Death Risk in Relation to Sex, Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients: Let’s Take Stock and See Where We Are date: 2020-08-19 words: 4126.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320823-a1fq6mno.txt summary: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might be more susceptible to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have higher mortality rates. Sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the present meta-analysis is aimed to quantify the risk of mortality in relation to sex, age and pre-existing CVD in COVID-19 patients, and attempt to identify the potential factors involved in such a causation. In our analysis, we quantified the risk of death in almost 8500 COVID-19 patients in relation to sex, age, pre-existing CVD and cardiovascular risk factors. The third finding of our meta-analysis is that the presence of cardiovascular diseases, is associated with a higher risk of mortality when compared to COVID-19 patients without pre-existing CVD. Our results demonstrate that sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might be more susceptible to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have higher mortality rates. Nevertheless, the risk of mortality has not been previously quantified. The aim of this meta-analysis is to quantify the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A meta-analysis was conducted analyzing the impact of (1) sex, (2) age, (3) CVD with coronary artery disease (CAD), (4) CAD alone, (5) CVD without CAD, (6) hypertension, (7) cerebrovascular diseases, and (8) diabetes on mortality. Relative risk was assessed for dichotomous variables, mean difference for continuous variables. Twenty-six studies were included, encompassing 8497 patients. Males had 16% higher risk of mortality than females (p < 0.05) and elderly patients had higher chance of dying than younger patients (p < 0.0001). Patients with overall CVD have a 1.96-fold higher mortality risk (p < 0.0001). CAD increases risk of mortality by 1.90-fold (p < 0.05). CVD-CAD were found to increase risk up to 2.03-fold (p < 0.05). Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes increase the risk of death up to 1.73-fold, 1.76-fold and 1.59-fold, respectively (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively). Sex, age, presence of CAD and/or other types of CVD, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus increase mortality in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092685 doi: 10.3390/jcm9092685 id: cord-330792-dxdpn46t author: Moulson, Nathaniel title: Cardiac Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Era: Guidance on Implementing Virtual Care date: 2020-06-14 words: 2234.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330792-dxdpn46t.txt summary: Virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism of care delivery, capable of providing similar patient outcomes and safety profiles compared to centre-based programs. Virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism of care delivery, capable of providing similar patient outcomes and safety profiles compared to centre-based programs. In an effort to mitigate concerns related to the closure of CBCR programs during the pandemic, virtual CR (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism to CBCR, capable of delivering similar patient outcomes and safety profiles for low to moderate risk cardiac patients. Conversely, for centres where some home-based/virtual programs are already available, the conversion of all CR participation to VCR brings new challenges, largely around greater resource requirements, the risk-stratification process, and exercise delivery. During the initial implementation phases of VCR, centres face possible CR staff redeployment due to COVID-19 related issues, a potential lack of centre and patient experience with virtual care delivery, and uncertain access to affordable, effective technologies. abstract: Cardiac rehabilitation programs across Canada have suspended in-person services as a result of large-scale physical distancing recommendations designed to flatten the COVID-19 pandemic curve. Virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) offers an alternate mechanism of care delivery, capable of providing similar patient outcomes and safety profiles compared to centre-based programs. In order to minimize care gaps, all centres should consider developing and implementing a VCR program. The process of this rapid implementation however can be daunting. Centres should initially focus on the collation, utilization and re-purposing of existing resources, equipment, and technology. Once established, programs should then focus on ensuring that quality indicators are met and care processes are protocolized. This should be followed by the development of sustainable VCR solutions to account for care gaps that existed prior to COVID-19, and to improve cardiac rehabilitation delivery moving forward. This article reviews the potential challenges and obstacles of this process and aims to provide pragmatic guidance to aid clinicians and administrators during this challenging time. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0828282X20305341?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.006 id: cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 author: Mousa, Albeir Y. title: My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings date: 2020-07-28 words: 285.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356054-p0b5hkk0.txt summary: key: cord-356054-p0b5hkk0 title: My vascular diary on COVID-19 Pandemic and ideal health care settings cord_uid: p0b5hkk0 Presentation includes cough, fever, sputum production, fatigue and shortness of breath. Pediatric patients are more likely to present with pyrexia, dry 9 cough and wheezing. 1, 2 Being a highly sensitive biomarker for thromboembolic conditions, D 10 dimer has been associated with higher mortality in ICU patients. Initiation of full anticoagulation 11 early on may be beneficial to mitigate the incidence of pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients. The Global Impact of COVID-19 on A military perspective on the vascular surgeon''s response to 5 the COVID-19 pandemic Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Triage 11 Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the 12 COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement Priorities for the US Health Community Responding 15 to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.07.008 doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.07.008 id: cord-247554-535cpe5x author: Moustakas, Aristides title: Ranking the explanatory power of factors associated with worldwide new Covid-19 cases date: 2020-05-29 words: 3584.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-247554-535cpe5x.txt summary: Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. To that end methods that can account for both spatial and temporal autocorrelation [17] in the data of new Covid-19 cases but can quantify the effect of each epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention are key to our understanding of how the disease spreads in populations worldwide [18, 19] . Hierarchical Variance Partitioning (HVP) statistical modelling was implemented to account for the contribution of each data driven epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention explanatory variable to the total variance of new Covid-19 per million cases [29, 30] . Results from variance partitioning of the data-driven selected 9 epidemiological, public health, economic, and governmental intervention variables explaining Covid-19 new cases per million across countries through time, indicated that the vast majority of new cases per million are explained by the number of tests conducted. abstract: Disease spread is a complex phenomenon requiring an interdisciplinary approach. Covid-19 exhibited a global spatial spread in a very short time frame resulting in a global pandemic. Data of new Covid-19 cases per million were analysed worldwide at the spatial scale of a country and time replicated from the end of December 2019 to late May 2020. Data driven analysis of epidemiological, economic, public health, and governmental intervention variables was performed in order to select the optimal variables in explaining new Covid-19 cases across all countries in time. Sequentially, hierarchical variance partitioning of the optimal variables was performed in order to quantify the independent contribution of each variable in the total variance of new Covid-19 cases per million. Results indicated that from the variables available new tests per thousand explained the vast majority of the total variance in new cases (51.6%) followed by the governmental stringency index (15.2%). Availability of hospital beds per 100k inhabitants explained 9% extreme poverty explained 8.8%, hand washing facilities 5.3%, the fraction of the population aged 65 or older explained 3.9%, and other disease prevalence (cardiovascular diseases plus diabetes) explained 2.9%. The percentage of smokers within the population explained 2.6% of the total variance, while population density explained 0.6%. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00971v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-259271-4zj60pu8 author: Moutray, Chad title: In recovery mode: manufacturers try to bounce back after COVID-19 disruptions date: 2020-10-20 words: 4986.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259271-4zj60pu8.txt summary: In a special survey conducted around that time, 35.5% of respondents said that they were facing supply chain disruptions and more than 78% noted that they expected the outbreak would negative impact their finances (National Association of Manufacturers 2020a). Prior to COVID-19, workforce challenges had been the main concern for manufacturing respondents for 10 consecutive quarters, and these data suggest that it continues to be a struggle, despite the dramatically changed labor market. Overall, manufacturing continues to stabilize in most economies, even as production and other activity remains well below levels seen before the COVID-19 pandemic began. To illustrate that point, all but one (France) of the top 10 markets for US manufactured goods had better manufacturing PMI readings in August than in July, and six of those economies had expanding manufacturing sectors, up from just one (China) in May. 3 2 Severe disruptions in production, hiring and exports US manufacturing production fell abruptly and sharply between February and April, plunging 20.2% over that time frame (Table 1) . abstract: Manufacturers experienced significant disruptions in their operations and demand in 2020, as businesses struggled to cope with COVID-19 and its implications. To control the spread of the virus, governments initiated stay-at-home orders, and many firms were forced to close or limit operations. As a result, there were severe declines in production and employment, both in the United States and in global markets, often at record paces or rivaling the decreases seen in the Great Recession. While activity has started to rebound somewhat in this latest downturn, it will take time for output and hiring to return to pre-recessionary levels—perhaps not until at least 2022—with uncertainties in the outlook pervasive. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s11369-020-00185-1 doi: 10.1057/s11369-020-00185-1 id: cord-258278-25rhf91v author: Mowla, Ashkan title: Unusual Pattern of Arterial Macrothrombosis Causing Stroke in a Young Adult Recovered from COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 2052.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258278-25rhf91v.txt summary: Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical history who recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection and presented with unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis causing AIS. However, most of these patients had significant co-morbidities and established cardiovascular risk factors, making it difficult to confirm COVID-19 as the precipitating cause (3) While coagulopathy and vascular endothelial dysfunction have been widely reported as a consequence of severe COVID-19 infection, these findings are proposed to be directly related to the severity of the respiratory illness, (4) and the prevalence of this prothrombotic state among milder or asymptomatic cases is not yet established. Herein, we report an unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis presenting as large vessel stroke in a 36-year-old patient with no prior medical history (PMH) who had recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, we report a young adult with no underlying comorbidities who recently recovered from COVID-19 infection and presented with AIS due to multicentric large vessel occlusion. abstract: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow all over the world. Neurological manifestations related to COVID-19, including acute ischemic Stroke (AIS), have been reported in recent studies. In most of these, the patients are older, have multiple co-morbidities as risk factors for AIS and have developed a severe respiratory illness. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with no significant past medical history who recently recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection and presented with unusual pattern of arterial macrothrombosis causing AIS. When the AIS happened, he had no COVID-19 related symptoms, had two negative screening tests for the infection and his chest CT was unremarkable. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1052305720307710 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105353 id: cord-347752-2ejnva4u author: Mrabti, Hind title: Cancer management challenge in a developing country in COVID-19 pandemic: reflection of a group of Moroccan oncologists date: 2020-06-25 words: 4580.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347752-2ejnva4u.txt summary: Management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide challenge – in particular in developing countries where the risk of saturation of health facilities and intensive care beds must be minimized. The first case of COVID-19 was declared in Morocco on 2 March 2020, after which a panel of Moroccan experts, consisting of medical oncologists from universities and regional and private oncology centers, was promptly assembled to conduct a group reflection on cancer patient''s management. In this situation, telemedicine without patient''s visit can be used mainly for patients living far from the cancer center, labs controls are also done and sent to the oncologist; • Continue endocrine therapy and oral molecular-targeted therapies, while avoiding patients coming to the hospital; a telemedecine consultation is preferred; • For palliative anticancer treatments: act according to age, the patient''s general condition, co-morbidities, type of treatment (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy), line of treatment, stage and prognosis: abstract: Management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide challenge – in particular in developing countries where the risk of saturation of health facilities and intensive care beds must be minimized. The first case of COVID-19 was declared in Morocco on 2 March 2020, after which a panel of Moroccan experts, consisting of medical oncologists from universities and regional and private oncology centers, was promptly assembled to conduct a group reflection on cancer patient's management. The main objective is to protect the immunocompromised population from the risk of COVID-19, while maintaining an adequate management of cancer, which can quickly compromise their prognosis. Recommendations are provided according to each clinical situation: patients undergoing treatment, new cases, hospitalized patients, palliative care and surveillance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583680/ doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-0450 id: cord-328384-jzfr2t3p author: Mudatsir, Mudatsir title: Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-09 words: 4572.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328384-jzfr2t3p.txt summary: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk factors associated with poor clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate potential risk factors that might influence the severity of COVID-19. Studies were included in this review if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) assessed the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of patients with mild to severe COVID-19; The studies included in this systematic review also suggest that the levels of D-dimer were significantly higher in patients with severe COVID-19. Our data suggest that elevated levels of urea and creatinine, and not chronic kidney disease, were associated with severe COVID-19, which indicates that acute inflammation might be caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that it cannot be determined clearly whether the elevated levels of liver enzymes in patients with severe COVID-19 are caused by direct infection or by drug-induced liver injury. abstract: Background: The unpredictability of the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the low precision of the tools used to predict the prognosis of this disease. Objective: To identify the predictors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched and extracted as of April 5, 2020. Data of interest were collected and evaluated for their compatibility for the meta-analysis. Cumulative calculations to determine the correlation and effect estimates were performed using the Z test. Results: In total, 19 papers recording 1,934 mild and 1,644 severe cases of COVID-19 were included. Based on the initial evaluation, 62 potential risk factors were identified for the meta-analysis. Several comorbidities, including chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were observed more frequent among patients with severe COVID-19 than with the mild ones. Compared to the mild form, severe COVID-19 was associated with symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, increased respiratory rate, and high systolic blood pressure. Lower levels of lymphocytes and hemoglobin; elevated levels of leukocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin; and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: More than 30 risk factors are associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. These may serve as useful baseline parameters in the development of prediction tools for COVID-19 prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26186.1 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.26186.1 id: cord-348053-s0ijzyaq author: Mueller, Alisa A. title: Inflammatory biomarker trends predict respiratory decline in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 words: 3732.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348053-s0ijzyaq.txt summary: In this single-center retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we investigate whether inflammatory biomarker levels predict respiratory decline in patients who initially present with stable disease. We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarker profiles would stratify patients into three cohorts: (1) stable and non-intubated throughout their hospital admission ("mild"); (2) initially stable and nonintubated but then had respiratory deterioration requiring intubation or high-flow nasal cannula later in their hospital course ("progressive"); and (3) patients who were unstable and required intubation within 12 hours of admission ("severe"). We classified COVID-19 inpatients into three cohorts according to the stability and severity of their respiratory failure: 1) "Mild" (remained on room air or supplemental oxygen); 2) "Progressive" (initially on room air or supplemental oxygen then later required intubation or high-flow nasal cannula); or 3) "Severe" (required intubation within 12 hours of admission) ( Figure S1 and Table 1 ). abstract: In this single-center retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we investigate whether inflammatory biomarker levels predict respiratory decline in patients who initially present with stable disease. Examination of C-reactive protein (CRP) trends reveals that a rapid rise in CRP levels precedes respiratory deterioration and intubation, while CRP levels plateau in patients that remain stable. Increasing CRP during the first 48 hours of hospitalization is a better predictor (with higher sensitivity) of respiratory decline than initial CRP levels or ROX indices (a physiological score). CRP, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and physiological measures of hypoxemic respiratory failure are correlated, which suggests a mechanistic link. Our work shows that rising CRP predicts subsequent respiratory deterioration in COVID-19 and may suggest mechanistic insights and a potential role for targeted immunomodulation in a subset of patients early during hospitalization. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163981/ doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100144 id: cord-267690-g0kesgjm author: Mueller, Sarina K. title: Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 words: 2802.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267690-g0kesgjm.txt summary: The objective of this study was to analyze procedures and outcomes of continuing semielective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing selected otorhinolaryngological surgeries is crucial for patients'' health, survival, and long-time quality of life, yet, the protection of the medical personnel has to be granted. In case of a negative SARS-CoV-2 test, the scheduled surgery was performed the following day without special protective equipment ( Figure 1A) . If the SARS-CoV-2 test result could not be awaited due to the condition of the patient, the surgery was performed with full protective equipment consisting of a FFP2 or FFP3 (filtering face piece mask), a gown, a face shield, and double gloves. If the SARS-CoV-2 test result was positive, surgery was also performed with the full protective equipment. If the SARS-CoV-2 test was negative, surgery was performed as in the semi-elective cases without the above named protective equipment ( Figure 1B ). abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide over 600,000 human beings died due to the cause of the disease. In order to deescalate the transmission rate and to avoid crush loading the countries medical health systems social distancing, face masks, and lockdowns have been considered essential by the majority of governments. Whereas some countries have highly reduced or completely stopped otorhinolaryngological procedures, other countries have continued selected surgeries. The objective of this study was to analyze procedures and outcomes of continuing semielective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of n = 750 patients who received semi-elective or emergency surgery between March 26 and June 16, 2020, in the Otolaryngology Department of the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. All patients were screened for COVID symptoms and swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 prior to surgery. RESULTS: Of the n = 750 patients, n = 699 patients received semielective surgery and n = 51 emergency surgery. For 27 patients, the swab result could not be awaited due to a life-threatening condition. In these cases, surgery was performed in full protective equipment. No patient was tested positive during or after the surgery (follow-up 45 to 127 days). No member of the medical personnel showed symptoms or was tested positive after contact with patients. Due to the continuation of surgeries, patients’ lives were saved and improvement of long-term quality-of-life and outcomes is anticipated. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing selected otorhinolaryngological surgeries is crucial for patients’ health, survival, and long-time quality of life, yet, the protection of the medical personnel has to be granted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32894699/ doi: 10.1177/0145561320952506 id: cord-275737-jg45bnzq author: Mughal, Z title: Test, test, test – a complication of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 with nasal swabs date: 2020-07-09 words: 2018.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275737-jg45bnzq.txt summary: CONCLUSION: This case highlights a possible design flaw of the viral swab when used to collect nasopharyngeal specimens, which then requires an aerosol-generating procedure in a high-risk patient to be performed. The paper outlines a safe technique of nasal foreign body removal in a suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient and suggests alternative testing materials. 17 • Viral swab sticks generally have a breakpoint feature • Premature activation of the breakpoint in a complex group of patients can lead to a retained swab tip in the nasal cavity • Nasal foreign body removal is an aerosol-generating procedure and requires robust personal protective equipment • The simplest way to avoid this complication is to utilise a product without a breakpoint • Alternative swab products with Dacron or polyester flocked tips can be used, and if viral transport medium is unavailable, then sterile saline may be used in replacement abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019, a highly transmissible respiratory infection, has created a public health crisis of global magnitude. The mainstay of diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019 is molecular polymerase chain reaction testing of a respiratory specimen, obtained with a viral swab. As the incidence of new cases of coronavirus disease 2019 increases exponentially, the use of viral swabs to collect nasopharyngeal specimens is anticipated to increase drastically. CASE REPORT: This paper draws attention to a complication of viral swab testing in the nasopharynx and describes the premature engagement of a viral swab breakpoint, resulting in impaction in the nasal cavity. CONCLUSION: This case highlights a possible design flaw of the viral swab when used to collect nasopharyngeal specimens, which then requires an aerosol-generating procedure in a high-risk patient to be performed. The paper outlines a safe technique of nasal foreign body removal in a suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient and suggests alternative testing materials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32641170/ doi: 10.1017/s0022215120001425 id: cord-293639-k96erjf1 author: Mugnai, Giacomo title: Thoughts on Scientific Evidence in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-24 words: 697.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293639-k96erjf1.txt summary: On the other hand, caution should be applied in generalizing preliminary (although potentially useful) observations as true scientific evidence. A few years ago, in Italy, several clinical trials were run by the National Health System on the "Di Bella" therapy for cancer, 2 more because of the pressure of public opinion than objective preclinical observations. 5 Hydroxychloroquine has recently been used as firstline therapy in COVID-19 patients and also proposed as a "preventive" agent, 6 but definitive evidence on its efficacy and safety (eg, QT prolongation) is missing, and, recently, the US Food and Drug Administration cautioned against hydroxychloroquine use in nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients, due to a number of side effects, including serious heart rhythm problems that can be life-threatening. Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19: drug safety communication -FDA cautions against use outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.213 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.213 id: cord-326831-dvg0isgt author: Muhammad, L. J. title: Predictive Data Mining Models for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infected Patients’ Recovery date: 2020-06-21 words: 2707.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326831-dvg0isgt.txt summary: The decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms were applied directly on the dataset using python programming language to develop the models. The results of the present study have shown that the model developed with decision tree data mining algorithm is more efficient to predict the possibility of recovery of the infected patients from COVID-19 pandemic with the overall accuracy of 99.85% which stands to be the best model developed among the models developed with other algorithms including support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor. Data mining algorithm which includes decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression random forest, and K-nearest neighbor were applied directly on the dataset using python programming language to develop the models. abstract: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) pandemic has neither clinically proven vaccine nor drugs; however, its patients are recovering with the aid of antibiotic medications, anti-viral drugs, and chloroquine as well as vitamin C supplementation. It is now evident that the world needs a speedy and quicker solution to contain and tackle the further spread of COVID-19 across the world with the aid of non-clinical approaches such as data mining approaches, augmented intelligence and other artificial intelligence techniques so as to mitigate the huge burden on the healthcare system while providing the best possible means for patients' diagnosis and prognosis of the 2019-nCoV pandemic effectively. In this study, data mining models were developed for the prediction of COVID-19 infected patients’ recovery using epidemiological dataset of COVID-19 patients of South Korea. The decision tree, support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms were applied directly on the dataset using python programming language to develop the models. The model predicted a minimum and maximum number of days for COVID-19 patients to recover from the virus, the age group of patients who are of high risk not to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, those who are likely to recover and those who might be likely to recover quickly from COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the present study have shown that the model developed with decision tree data mining algorithm is more efficient to predict the possibility of recovery of the infected patients from COVID-19 pandemic with the overall accuracy of 99.85% which stands to be the best model developed among the models developed with other algorithms including support vector machine, naive Bayes, logistic regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063049/ doi: 10.1007/s42979-020-00216-w id: cord-269083-8mjdb9yj author: Muhović, Damir title: First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 1442.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269083-8mjdb9yj.txt summary: title: First case of drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID‐19 METHODS: We describe a patient with COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm who developed drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of TCZ. 3 In this article, we describe the first case of a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed DILI associated with the use of TCZ, marked by a 40-fold increase in transaminases levels. 16 In most cases, TCZ resulted in severe F I G U R E 2 Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) in our patient with cytokine release syndrome caused by COVID-19, after the use of tocilizumab (TCZ). 16 Most patients with severe COVID-19 have a history of simultaneous use of multiple drugs that can induce liver injury. First case of drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID-19 abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tocilizumab (TCZ; interleukine‐6 receptor antagonist) has been proposed to treat severe forms of Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) because interleukine‐6 plays an important role in COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm. Several clinical studies have shown very good effects of TCZ in patients with COVID‐19, with a few minor side effects reported. Only eight serious liver injuries caused by TCZ were reported before being used in the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. Considering the significantly increased use of TCZ for the treatment of COVID‐19, we would like to warn of its rare but possible serious hepatotoxicity, especially when used together with other hepatotoxic drugs. METHODS: We describe a patient with COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm who developed drug‐induced liver injury associated with the use of TCZ. RESULTS: One day after TCZ administration, serum transaminase levels increased 40‐fold. Nevertheless, TCZ had a positive effect on clinical and laboratory parameters in cytokine storm, with transaminases values normalizing in 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case of DILI caused by TCZ in a COVID‐19 patient. Intensive liver function monitoring is imperative in COVID‐19 patients, because of frequent polypharmacy with potentially hepatotoxic drugs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32478465/ doi: 10.1111/liv.14516 id: cord-327438-c5gzlfwi author: Mui, Leonora W. title: Thromboembolic complications of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 words: 2591.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327438-c5gzlfwi.txt summary: Although COVID-19 was initially regarded as a pulmonary illness causing significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly and in those with underlying medical conditions, experience in New York-an early epicenter of COVID-19 in the USA-found that a significant percentage of younger patients less than 50 presented with moderate to severe symptoms requiring hospitalizations [1] . This case series highlights the thromboembolic complications affecting younger patients less than age 65, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, right ventricular thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and aortic thrombosis with leg ischemia. On hospital day 5, because of persistent hypoxemia despite receiving supplemental oxygen via non-rebreather, chest CTA was performed which revealed extensive ground-glass and patchy airspace opacities typical of COVID-19 pneumonia, bilateral lower lobe segmental pulmonary emboli, and right ventricular thrombus (Fig. 3) . In moderate to severe cases of COVID-19, thrombotic complications have emerged in infected patients, as was seen with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003 [9] . abstract: The symptomology of patients afflicted with novel 2019 coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has varied greatly, ranging from the asymptomatic state to debilitating hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by severe atypical viral pneumonia. Patients may also develop a hyper-inflammatory state that can lead to multi-organ failure. It has become increasingly apparent that, as part of the hyper-inflammatory state, COVID-19 infection increases susceptibility to systemic thromboembolic complications that can contribute to rapid clinical deterioration or demise. This article aims to review imaging features of various systemic thrombotic complications in six patients with moderate to severe disease. This case series includes examples of pulmonary embolism, stroke, right ventricular thrombosis, renal vein thrombosis, and aortic thrombosis with leg ischemia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159219/ doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01868-0 id: cord-335404-s48psqth author: Mukandavire, Zindoga title: Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios date: 2020-07-24 words: 3570.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt summary: We used a mathematical model to fit to the observed cases of COVID-19 in South Africa to estimate the basic reproductive number and critical vaccination coverage to control the disease for different hypothetical vaccine efficacy scenarios. Early model estimates show that COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa had a basic reproductive number of 2.95 (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.83–3.33). Here, we adapt a susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model to quantify early transmissibility of COVID-19 in South Africa and explore the potential utility of a vaccine in containing the disease. Following a similar approach in [37] , we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) within a Bayesian framework (in R FME package [38] ) to fit the model to the cumulative data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Africa and estimate the magnitude of the epidemic using the basic reproductive number and quantify required vaccines'' attributes to stem similar outbreaks. abstract: The emergence and fast global spread of COVID-19 has presented one of the greatest public health challenges in modern times with no proven cure or vaccine. Africa is still early in this epidemic, therefore the extent of disease severity is not yet clear. We used a mathematical model to fit to the observed cases of COVID-19 in South Africa to estimate the basic reproductive number and critical vaccination coverage to control the disease for different hypothetical vaccine efficacy scenarios. We also estimated the percentage reduction in effective contacts due to the social distancing measures implemented. Early model estimates show that COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa had a basic reproductive number of 2.95 (95% credible interval [CrI] 2.83–3.33). A vaccine with 70% efficacy had the capacity to contain COVID-19 outbreak but at very higher vaccination coverage 94.44% (95% Crl 92.44–99.92%) with a vaccine of 100% efficacy requiring 66.10% (95% Crl 64.72–69.95%) coverage. Social distancing measures put in place have so far reduced the number of social contacts by 80.31% (95% Crl 79.76–80.85%). These findings suggest that a highly efficacious vaccine would have been required to contain COVID-19 in South Africa. Therefore, the current social distancing measures to reduce contacts will remain key in controlling the infection in the absence of vaccines and other therapeutics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706790/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236003 id: cord-326185-gjte739i author: Mukherjee, Pratik title: Adaptability and responsiveness: keys to operational measures in a regional hospital radiology department during the current COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 words: 6154.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326185-gjte739i.txt summary: Since confirmation of the first COVID-19 imported case in Singapore on 23 January 2020, there has been a gradual increase in numbers of infected patients, mostly from imports and within small local clusters, in the first 2 months or so, that is February and March 2020. From the outbreak onset, measures were taken to keep all potential COVID-19 cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) separate from the "cold" patients and HCWs, in order to prevent cross-infection. Multiple factors contributed to the situation: (a) additional workload of screening chest radiographs in the ED (ESW and ARW), as well as the isolation wards; (b) increased time required to perform cross-sectional imaging on COVID-19 positive or suspected cases due to additional infection control measures; (c) less available workforce due to segregation strategies to protect staff providing essential services and redeployment of staff to other areas of need; both within our hospital and at other institutions, for example, NCID and (d) limited hospital beds. abstract: The rapid and mostly uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic over the past 4 months has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide. In Singapore, while our public healthcare institutions were considered well prepared due to our prior experience with the SARS outbreak, there was an unexpected surge of infected patients over the recent 2 months to deal with. We describe our radiology department’s experience in modifying operational practices and implementing strict infection control measures aimed at minimizing disease transmission and mitigating the potential impact of possible staff infection. From the perspective of serving a medium-sized regional hospital and limited by physical and manpower constraints, our radiology department had to adapt quickly and modify our initial responses and practices as the disease scenario changed. We have also enumerated some guidelines for planning future radiology departments. url: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20200017 doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200017 id: cord-280416-wd6jm2ms author: Mukhopadhyay, S. title: Dynamic dysregulation of IL-6 and genes functional in NETosis, complement and coagulation in severe COVID-19 illness date: 2020-10-14 words: 4105.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280416-wd6jm2ms.txt summary: Comprehensive and unbiased re-analysis of published blood transcriptome data from patients of COVID-19 reveals significant up-regulation of the gene set functional in NETosis, but no evidence of general cytokine storm. In severe COVID-19 illness, there is significant up-regulation of complement and coagulation pathway, and negative correlation between NETosis and respiratory function (oxygen saturation). However, at present, it is difficult to predict with certainty the patients at high-risk for clinical severity and poor outcome, although multiple pathophysiological processes have been proposed, such as, cytokine storm [2, 3] , coagulation and complement activation [4] , neutrophil extracellular trap -NETosis [5] . Gene set enrichment analysis (permutation testing) revealed that the genes functional in NETosis were strongly up-regulated in the blood of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects ( Figure 1A ). Our analysis (of data from [13]) also revealed significant up-regulation of the complement pathway genes in severe COVID-19 illness. abstract: Comprehensive and unbiased re-analysis of published blood transcriptome data from patients of COVID-19 reveals significant up-regulation of the gene set functional in NETosis, but no evidence of general cytokine storm. In severe COVID-19 illness, there is significant up-regulation of complement and coagulation pathway, and negative correlation between NETosis and respiratory function (oxygen saturation). Interestingly, there is an early spike in the level of IL-6 gene expression in severe illness compared to moderate illness. With passing days post-onset, the level of IL-6 expression in severe illness approaches that in moderate illness. The data are consistent with IL-6 acting as a driver of NETosis in the early phase of severe COVID-19 illness, that results in a vicious cycle of NETosis-complement/coagulation-respiratory dysfunction. This has important consequence for timing of rational therapy with anti-IL-6 and NETosis inhibitors in severe COVID-19 illness. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.13.20211425v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211425 id: cord-269827-h7qxodvh author: Mukhtar, Psychol. Sonia title: Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective date: 2020-04-17 words: 215.0 sentences: 21.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269827-h7qxodvh.txt summary: key: cord-269827-h7qxodvh title: Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective journal: J Emerg Nurs cord_uid: h7qxodvh The mental health of healthcare professionals, in general, and nursing staff, in particular, 6 has been challenged in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak throughout the world. Responding to mental health needs after terror attacks The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 87 novel coronavirus Mukhtar S Mental Health and Emotional Impact of COVID-19: Applying Health Belief Model 90 for Medical Staff to General Public of Pakistan Brain Behav Immun Guidelines for emergency 93 psychological risk intervention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: 97 exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Mental Health of Medical Workers in Pakistan during the 101 Integrated infection control strategy to minimize nosocomial infection 103 during outbreak of COVID-19 among ED healthcare workers abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0099176720301240 doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.04.003 id: cord-259611-q7ksx47g author: Mulanda Aura, Christopher title: Consequences of calamities and their management: the case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya date: 2020-09-15 words: 5100.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259611-q7ksx47g.txt summary: This study examined the effects of COVID-19 and flooding on the major inland capture fisheries in Kenya to illustrate the effect of such calamities on vulnerable communities to guide interventions. The objective of the study was to examine the consequence of the measures put in place to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding in Kenya to guide interventions to sustain livelihoods of affected communities. This study was intended to demonstrate the short term consequences of calamities such as COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on vulnerable dependent communities such as those of inland capture fisheries to guide interventions towards sustaining livelihoods now and in the future. Validation of socioeconomics field collected during this study with EFMIS data of the price of major commercial fishes (in USD) before and during Covid-19 and flooding in selected riparian counties of Lake Victoria, Kenya. abstract: During the period February to June 2020, heavy rainfall caused increases in levels and flooding in many lakes in East Africa. This coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. These calamities affected ecosystems and livelihoods, especially of fishers who depend on fisheries as their only source of livelihood. This study examined the effects of COVID-19 and flooding on the major inland capture fisheries in Kenya to illustrate the effect of such calamities on vulnerable communities to guide interventions. Socioeconomic data were collected across the fish value chains during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding in Kenya from May to early June 2020. The measures put in place to contain COVID-19 pandemic notably dusk to dawn curfew (66%) and lock-downs (28%) in major cities that act as main fish markets were cited as the main factors that influenced fishing and fishing trade. Negative consequences reported included livelihood losses from the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduced fishing time and trips as well as a decline in consumables such as boat fuel resulted in low fish catches. Although COVID-19 pandemic affected livelihoods, the fish stocks benefited from reduction in fishing effort. Similarly flooding led to livelihood and material losses but positively impacted on stocks through expansion of fish breeding and nursery areas. The respondents recommended that governments should have disaster preparedness programs in place to address such calamities. There is also need for more detailed research on calamities that are increasing in frequency to provide information and data to guide policy and interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952278/ doi: 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.09.007 id: cord-340091-kptilmi8 author: Mulatu, H. A. title: The prevalence of common mental disorders among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary Hospital in East Africa date: 2020-11-03 words: 4212.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340091-kptilmi8.txt summary: A recent study among 1257 healthcare professionals in a tertiary hospital in China, revealed a high prevalence of mental health symptoms among HCWs. Overall, 50.4%, 44.6%, 34.0%, and 71.5% of health workers reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, respectively. The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological distress among HCWs and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic at St. Paul''s Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was a cross-sectional, hospital-based survey that was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and mental distress among healthcare workers at St. Paul''s Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic from August 1 st , 2020 up to August 30, 2020. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity, mortality, and health system crisis leading to a significant psychological distress on healthcare workers (HCWs). The study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic at St. Paul Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: A self-administered cross-sectional study was conducted to collect socio-demographic information and symptoms of mental disorders using validated measurement tools. Accordingly, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ISI, and IES-R were used to assess the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, respectively. Chi-square test, non-parametric, and logistic regression analysis were used to detect risk factors for common mental disorders. Results: A total of 420 healthcare workers participated in the survey. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological distress was 20.2%, 21.9%, 12.4%, and 15.5% respectively. Frontline HCWs had higher scores of mental health symptoms than other health care workers. Logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with a high level of depression. Working in a frontline position was an independent factor associated with a high-level depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Limitations: It is a single-centre cross-sectional study and the findings may not be generalizable or reveal causality. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222430 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222430 id: cord-324859-0yuhb5dl author: Mulchandani, Rubina title: Deciphering the COVID‐19 cytokine storm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-11-02 words: 6715.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324859-0yuhb5dl.txt summary: In this context, we sought to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence to understand the pattern of host immune response in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and how the levels of inflammatory and immunological markers vary according to the severity or stage of the disease. To understand the pattern of host immune response and summarize evidence for the difference in the levels of immunological and inflammatory biomarkers associated with cytokine storm, between COVID-19 patient groups of varying disease severity. Studies measuring the immunological and inflammatory indicators of cytokine storm in adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and comparing them between severe and non-severe (mild-moderate) cases, were eligible to be included in our review. Outcomes included circulating levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and others depending on availability of estimates), tumour necrosis factor-alpha and T-lymphocyte counts (CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells) that have been widely reported in relation to the cytokine storm in patients having severe COVID-19. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 20 million people so far. Elevated cytokines and suppressed immune responses have been hypothesized to set off a cytokine storm, contributing to ARDS, multiple‐organ failure and, in the most severe cases, death. We aimed to quantify the differences in the circulating levels of major inflammatory and immunological markers between severe and nonsevere COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and preprint servers. Risk of bias was assessed for each study, using appropriate checklists. All studies were described qualitatively and a subset was included in the meta‐analysis, using forest plots. RESULTS: Based on 23 studies, mean cytokine levels were significantly higher (IL‐6: MD, 19.55 pg/mL; CI, 14.80, 24.30; IL‐8: MD, 19.18 pg/mL; CI, 2.94, 35.43; IL‐10: MD, 3.66 pg/mL; CI, 2.41, 4.92; IL‐2R: MD, 521.36 U/mL; CI, 87.15, 955.57; and TNF‐alpha: MD, 1.11 pg/mL; CI, 0.07, 2.15) and T‐lymphocyte levels were significantly lower (CD4+ T cells: MD, −165.28 cells/µL; CI, −207.58, −122.97; CD8+ T cells: MD, −106.51 cells/µL; CI, −128.59, −84.43) among severe cases as compared to nonsevere ones. There was heterogeneity across studies due to small sample sizes and nonuniformity in outcome assessment and varied definitions of disease severity. The overall quality of studies was sub‐optimal. CONCLUSION: Severe COVID‐19 is characterized by significantly increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and reduced T lymphocytes. Well‐designed and adequately powered prospective studies are needed to amplify the current evidence and provide definitive answers to dilemmas regarding timing and type of anti‐COVID‐19 therapy particularly in severe patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33058143/ doi: 10.1111/eci.13429 id: cord-354491-23cjm86c author: Muller, A. E. title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic onhealthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-07-04 words: 7864.0 sentences: 491.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354491-23cjm86c.txt summary: Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. Six studies reported on the implementation of interventions to prevent or reduce mental health problems caused by the covid-19 pandemic among healthcare workers. While the majority of studies were cross-sectional and assessed as having high risk of bias, several patterns in their findings were evident: more healthcare workers were interested in social support to alieve mental health impacts, only a minority were interested in professional help for these problems, and yet interventions described in the literature largely seemed to focus on relieving individual symptoms. abstract: Background: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened, and in some cases overwhelmed, healthcare systems throughout the world. Healthcare workers are not only at heightened risk of infection, but also of adverse mental health outcomes. Identification of organizational, collegial and individual risk and resilience factors impacting the mental health of healthcare workers are needed to inform preparedness planning and sustainable response. Methods: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. On 11 May 2020, we utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence, the visualization of a database of 20,738 screened studies, to identify studies for inclusion. We included studies reporting on any type of mental health outcome in any type of healthcare workers during the pandemic. We described interventions reported by the studies, and narratively summarized mental health-related outcomes, as study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. We assessed study quality using design-specific instruments. Results: We included 59 studies, reporting on a total of 54,707 healthcare workers. The prevalence of general psychological distress across the studies ranged from 7-97% (median 37%), anxiety 9-90% (median 24%), depression 5-51% (median 21%), and sleeping problems 34-65% (median 37%). Seven studies reported on implementing mental health interventions, and most focused on individual symptom reduction, but none reported on effects of the interventions. In most studies, healthcare workers reported low interest in and use of professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact with family and friends. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. Discussion: Healthcare workers in a variety of fields, positions, and exposure risks are reporting anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic, but most studies do not report comparative data on mental health symptoms. before the pandemic. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers in the current pandemic and their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions. Efforts to help healthcare workers sustain healthy relationships to colleagues, family and friends over time may be paramount to safeguard what is already an important source of support during the prolonged crisis. Expanding interventions' focus to incorporate organizational, collegial and family factors to support healthcare workers responding to the pandemic could improve acceptability and efficacy of interventions. Other: The protocol for this review is available online. No funding was received. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.20145607 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145607 id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj author: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-01 words: 5341.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt summary: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers'' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors'' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 . abstract: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened healthcare systems throughout the world. We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). We utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence on 11 May and included 59 studies. Six reported on implementing interventions, but none reported on effects of the interventions. HCWs reported low interest in professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. HCWs reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic. We assessed the certainty of the estimates of prevalence of these symptoms as very low using GRADE. Most studies did not report comparative data on mental health symptoms before the pandemic or in the general population. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs in the current pandemic, their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441 id: cord-297718-y58f2bp0 author: Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika title: Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 words: 400.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297718-y58f2bp0.txt summary: key: cord-297718-y58f2bp0 authors: Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika; Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19 cord_uid: y58f2bp0 We found that the report on "Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong" is very interesting [1] . pointed out the possibility of ocular manifestation in COVID-19 and the importance of eyewear [2] . Nevertheless, it should note that the ocular manifestation is usually overlooked by Thai practitioners. Modification of the present infection control guidelines to include the eye protective device during medical practice is suggested. It is necessary to educate the practitioner for recognizing possible ocular manifestation of COVID-19. Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear Graefe''s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04662-3 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04662-3 doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04662-3 id: cord-289064-435bp4rt author: Muniangi-Muhitu, Hermine title: Covid-19 and Diabetes: A Complex Bidirectional Relationship date: 2020-10-08 words: 5744.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289064-435bp4rt.txt summary: Identified risk factors for disease severity and death from SARS-Cov2 infection include older age, male sex, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. We consider roles for the immune system, the observed phenomenon of microangiopathy in severe Covid-19 infection and the potential for direct viral toxicity on metabolically-relevant tissues including pancreatic beta cells and targets of insulin action. (18) , patients with diabetes and hypertension who had been treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) had a high number of ACE2 receptors in the lung, and could therefore be at higher risk of developing severe symptoms, if infected with Covid-19. With respect to the glycemic deterioration seen in patients with preexisting T2D during Covid-19, a very recent report (63) provides the intriguing observation that ACE2 expression at both the mRNA and protein is increased substantially in human beta cells in response to response to inflammatory cytokines, presumably rendering these cells more susceptible to infection. abstract: Covid-19 is a recently-emerged infectious disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV2. SARS-CoV2 differs from previous coronavirus infections (SARS and MERS) due to its high infectivity (reproduction value, R(0), typically 2–4) and pre- or asymptomatic transmission, properties that have contributed to the current global Covid-19 pandemic. Identified risk factors for disease severity and death from SARS-Cov2 infection include older age, male sex, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. The reasons for these associations are still largely obscure. Evidence is also emerging that SARS-CoV2 infection exacerbates the underlying pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in people with diabetes. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms through which diabetes may affect the risk of more severe outcomes in Covid-19 and, additionally, how diabetic emergencies and longer term pathology may be aggravated by infection with the virus. We consider roles for the immune system, the observed phenomenon of microangiopathy in severe Covid-19 infection and the potential for direct viral toxicity on metabolically-relevant tissues including pancreatic beta cells and targets of insulin action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133024/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.582936 id: cord-292331-j3dk6h68 author: Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho title: COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil date: 2020-04-22 words: 448.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292331-j3dk6h68.txt summary: His 67-year-old wife (patient 2), who also accompanied him on the trip, developed the same symptoms the next day. Upon examination, he was afebrile, with severe dyspnea, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation of 90%, normotensive, acyanotic. Chest radiography is not sensitive for the early detection of the disease and may demonstrate normal findings in the initial stage of infection 1,2 , and is not recommended as the first-line imaging modality for COVID-19. High-resolution chest CT is the most effective radiological examination for the early detection of lung involvement by COVID-19. The largest sample study to date has shown that, among 3,665 confirmed cases, in 95.5% (n = 3,498) of the patients, pulmonary impairment was correctly diagnosed by CT 1 , which provides valuable information for diagnosis and evaluates the severity of lung disease caused by COVID-19, guiding clinical treatment. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0147-2020 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0147-2020 id: cord-263231-tz97u731 author: Muniz-Pardos, Borja title: Collateral Health Issues Derived from the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-08 words: 1887.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263231-tz97u731.txt summary: This investigation highlighted the importance of increasing PA levels during lockdown through simple home-based exercises to reduce sedentary behaviour, to attenuate the decline in physical fitness and to optimize quality of life. In addition to the negative impact of low PA levels or increased sedentary behaviour on individual health and fitness status, the fear of succumbing to Covid-19 seems to deter patients suffering from traditional medical issues (e.g. heart attacks, strokes and other medical emergencies) from seeking the treatment they may require, and this delay can compound further their health status, resulting in more heart attacks, strokes, and deaths [11] . Despite all these collateral issues derived from the Covid-19 lockdown, there are concurrently a number of positive factors impacting public health. The direct impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has been the main focus for health organisations in order to contain the spread of the virus, to set the most effective lockdown measures and to identify the best treatments or engineer a safe and effective vaccine. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770421/ doi: 10.1186/s40798-020-00267-6 id: cord-257555-tmuvbq1k author: Munsch, N. title: A benchmark of online COVID-19 symptom checkers date: 2020-05-26 words: 3637.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257555-tmuvbq1k.txt summary: Results We find that the number of correctly assessed cases varies considerably between different symptom checkers, with Symptoma (F1=0.92, MCC=0.85) showing the overall best performance followed by Infermedica (F1=0.80, MCC=0.61). In the following, we present a study evaluating 10 different COVID-19 online symptom checkers using 50 COVID-19 cases extracted from the literature and 410 non-COVID-19 control cases of patients with other diseases. Under these constraints and when COVID-19 positive is defined by high risk only, Symptoma still significantly outperforms Apple and Cleveland Clinic, while performing statistically similar to six of the remaining symptom checkers (upper panel of Fig 2B ) . Full table of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score and MCC for Symptoma constrained by each symptom checker (COVID-19 positive defined by "medium risk" or "high risk" for non binary symptom checkers) abstract: Background A large number of online COVID-19 symptom checkers and chatbots have been developed but anecdotal evidence suggests that their conclusions are highly variable. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the accuracy of COVID-19 symptom checkers in a statistically rigorous manner. Methods In this paper, we evaluate 10 different COVID-19 symptom checkers screening 50 COVID-19 case reports alongside 410 non-COVID-19 control cases. Results We find that the number of correctly assessed cases varies considerably between different symptom checkers, with Symptoma (F1=0.92, MCC=0.85) showing the overall best performance followed by Infermedica (F1=0.80, MCC=0.61). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.20109777 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20109777 id: cord-265327-k00w7gmk author: Muraca, Maurizio title: Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia? (*) date: 2020-07-03 words: 4316.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265327-k00w7gmk.txt summary: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested during the last two decades for the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including acute and chronic lung diseases, both in animal models and in patients. Furthermore, more recently, great interest has been devoted to the possible clinical applications of extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs, nanoparticles that convey much of the biological effects and of the therapeutic efficacy of their cells of origin. A recent report described the possible therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia [13] . Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model Therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute lung injury abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic represents an unprecedented global health emergency, further aggravated by the lack of effective therapies. For this reason, several clinical trials are testing different off-label drugs, already approved for other pathologies. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been tested during the last two decades for the treatment of various pathologic conditions, including acute and chronic lung diseases, both in animal models and in patients. In particular, promising results have been obtained in the experimental therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which represents the most threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, more recently, great interest has been devoted to the possible clinical applications of extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs, nanoparticles that convey much of the biological effects and of the therapeutic efficacy of their cells of origin. This review summarizes the experimental evidence underlying the possible use of MSCs and of MSC-EVs in severe COVID-19 infection and underlines the need to evaluate the possible efficacy of these therapeutic approaches through controlled studies under the supervision of the Regulatory Authorities. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.036 doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.036 id: cord-345745-t36jbg14 author: Murashita, Takashi title: Commentary: The Era of Great Uncertainty date: 2020-06-27 words: 805.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345745-t36jbg14.txt summary: In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, cardiac surgeons need to be aware that undiagnosed infection can cause unexpected catastrophic complications after urgent or emergent operations. However, in urgent or emergent situations such as type A aortic dissection, acute coronary syndromes, and acute valvular endocarditis, patients may need to be taken to the operating room without being tested for COVID-19 infection. In the current issue of The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Salna and colleagues reported a case of urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) whose postoperative course was complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 infection (3). It has been shown that there are a variety of manifestations of COVID-19, but the effect of the virus on cardiovascular system is still being defined (4, 5) There is also little data about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery. A case of postoperative Covid-19 infection after cardiac surgery: Lessons learned abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522320317840?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.054 id: cord-343052-dc9s2rau author: Murgo, Salvatore title: Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report date: 2020-09-05 words: 1872.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343052-dc9s2rau.txt summary: title: Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report BACKGROUND: We found no data in the literature on the embolization of the bronchial arteries in the context of hemoptysis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of coronavirus-19 pneumonia, our experience suggests that the treatment of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation is feasible and effective. Pulmonary bleeding seems to be an atypical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as COVID-19associated haemoptysis has rarely been reported in the literature (Lapostolle et al. In this context, we hypothesised that the lifethreatening haemoptysis presented by our patient was consecutive to severe lung damage induced by SARS-CoV-2 combined with the anticoagulant effect of UNFH therapy, resulting in peripheral bronchial artery damage. Our experience suggests that the embolisation of bronchial arteries is feasible and may help control bleeding in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with life-threatening haemoptysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: We found no data in the literature on the embolization of the bronchial arteries in the context of hemoptysis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore decided to share this experience. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old patient with no significant medical history was admitted with acute respiratory distress. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities with limited consolidations. Diagnostic tests confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The severity of respiratory failure required the implantation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The patient developed severe haemoptysis, which was successfully treated by bronchial artery embolisation. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of coronavirus-19 pneumonia, our experience suggests that the treatment of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation is feasible and effective. The survival benefit should be assessed in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42155-020-00154-x doi: 10.1186/s42155-020-00154-x id: cord-287776-ylui7ls8 author: Murillo-Zamora, E. title: Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-07-01 words: 2730.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287776-ylui7ls8.txt summary: title: Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease Objective: To identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15 29 years old] 30 44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 1.11; 45 59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04 1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease. abstract: Objective: To identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study took place, and data from 740 subjects, from all 32 states of Mexico, were analyzed. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Severe illness was documented in 28% of participants. In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15 - 29 years old] 30 - 44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 - 1.11; 45 - 59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 - 1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 - 1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 - 1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating predictors of COVID-19 severity in a large subset of the Latin-American population. It is also the first in documenting gender-related differences regarding the severity of the illness. These results may be useful for health care protocols for the early detection and management of COVID-19 patients that may benefit from opportune and specialized supportive medical treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142562 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142562 id: cord-297029-b38sm4y9 author: Murillo-Zamora, Efrén title: Male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease date: 2020-09-16 words: 2957.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297029-b38sm4y9.txt summary: Demographic characteristics (sex, age), tobacco use (current), personal history of chronic communicable disease (HIV infection, no/yes) and noncommunicable disease (no/yes: obesity [body mass index of 30 or higher], arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiovascular illness) were collected from the surveillance system. In the multiple regression analysis (Table 2) , male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20) and older patients ([reference: 15-29 years old] 30-44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.11; 45-59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29-1.60), subjects to thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10-1.24) or chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.64) were also more likely to present severe COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study took place, and data from 740 subjects, from all 32 states of Mexico, were analyzed. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Severe illness was documented in 28% of participants. In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15–29 years old] 30–44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94–1.11; 45–59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29–1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating predictors of COVID-19 severity in a large subset of the Latin-American population. Male gender and kidney illness were independently associated with the risk of severe COVID-19. These results may be useful for health care protocols for the early detection and management of patients that may benefit from opportune and specialized supportive medical treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05408-6 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05408-6 id: cord-258562-raubqnko author: Murlimanju, Bukkambudhi V. title: Letter to Editor Regarding: “Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt” date: 2020-09-23 words: 712.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258562-raubqnko.txt summary: title: Letter to Editor Regarding: "Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt" Letter to Editor Regarding: "Decrease in Neurosurgical Program Volume During COVID-19: Residency Programs Must Adapt" C oronavirus disease 2019 has undoubtedly placed many unprecedented restrictions on the life of current generations globally. The effects have been adverse in several aspects, including the decreased number of clinical cases per specialty, staff reductions, cancellation of academic conferences, and the difficulty in conducting training and licensing examinations. 1 that to address the decrease in learning resources during neurosurgery residency training and, as the authors have rightly suggested, that the residency program must be able to adapt such unforeseen circumstances. The global leaders in academia should take this COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to formulate long-term policies and appropriate pathways to address the new challenges faced by resident training programs. Decrease in neurosurgical program volume during COVID-19: residency programs must adapt Decrease in trauma admissions with COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020315308 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.019 id: cord-316718-7gtgqmcn author: Murphy, D. L. title: Occupational Exposures and Programmatic Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Emergency Medical Services Experience date: 2020-05-24 words: 3697.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316718-7gtgqmcn.txt summary: We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Ideally, EMS strategies would incorporate COVID-19 risk assessment and target use of the limited PPE resource in order to achieve EMS provider safety, extend the supply of PPE, and support high-quality patient care. Of the 700 unique EMS providers caring for patients with confirmed COVID-19, 3 (0.4%) tested positive during the 14 days following an encounter (Table 3 ), yet none of these three had a documented occupational exposure. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria, and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (Figure 2, p<0.01) . abstract: Background Rigorous assessment of occupational COVID-19 risk and personal protective equipment (PPE) use are not well-described. We evaluated 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for patients with COVID-19 to assess occupational exposure, programmatic strategies to reduce exposure, and PPE use. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation of lab-confirmed COVID-19 patients in King County, WA who received 9-1-1 EMS responses from February 14, 2020 to March 26, 2020. We reviewed dispatch, EMS, and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce, and conserve PPE. Results There were 274 EMS encounters for 220 unique COVID-19 patients involving 700 unique EMS providers with 988 EMS person-encounters. Use of full PPE including mask, eye protection, gown and gloves (MEGG) was 67%. There were 151 person-exposures among 129 individuals, who required 981 quarantine days. Of the 700 EMS providers, 3 (0.4%) tested positive within 14 days of encounter. Programmatic changes were associated with a temporal reduction in exposures. When stratified at the study encounters midpoint, 94% (142/151) of exposures occurred during the first 137 EMS encounters compared to 6% (9/151) during the second 137 EMS encounters (p<0.01). By the final week of the study period, EMS deployed MEGG PPE in 34% (3579/10,468) of all EMS person-encounters. Conclusion Less than 0.5% of EMS providers experienced COVID-19 illness within 14 days of occupational encounter. Programmatic strategies were associated with a reduction in exposures, while achieving a measured use of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.22.20110718 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110718 id: cord-334124-w9jww3hk author: Murphy, David L title: Occupational exposures and programmatic response to COVID-19 pandemic: an emergency medical services experience date: 2020-09-21 words: 4091.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334124-w9jww3hk.txt summary: We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. We evaluated all 9-1-1 EMS responses to patients with COVID-19 to (1) determine occupational exposure, related workforce quarantine and potential transmission, and (2) understand how programmatic changes influenced occupational exposure, workforce quarantine and PPE use amidst the COVID-19 outbreak in Seattle and King County. The study is a retrospective cohort investigation of EMS providers responding to 9-1-1 calls for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-positive patients in King County, Washington, USA between 14 February 2020 and 26 March 2020. The series of practice changes involving dispatch advisement, patient COVID-19 risk criteria and initial EMS scene deployment were associated with a temporal increase in adequate PPE use and conversely a decrease in EMS provider exposures (figure 2, p<0.01). abstract: Rigorous assessment of occupational COVID-19 risk and personal protective equipment (PPE) use is not well-described. We evaluated 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) encounters for patients with COVID-19 to assess occupational exposure, programmatic strategies to reduce exposure and PPE use. We conducted a retrospective cohort investigation of laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 in King County, Washington, USA, who received 9-1-1 EMS responses from 14 February 2020 to 26 March 2020. We reviewed dispatch, EMS and public health surveillance records to evaluate the temporal relationship between exposure and programmatic changes to EMS operations designed to identify high-risk patients, protect the workforce and conserve PPE. There were 274 EMS encounters for 220 unique COVID-19 patients involving 700 unique EMS providers with 988 EMS person-encounters. Use of ‘full’ PPE including mask (surgical or N95), eye protection, gown and gloves (MEGG) was 67%. There were 151 person-exposures among 129 individuals, who required 981 quarantine days. Of the 700 EMS providers, 3 (0.4%) tested positive within 14 days of encounter, though these positive tests were not attributed to occupational exposure from inadequate PPE. Programmatic changes were associated with a temporal reduction in exposures. When stratified at the study encounters midpoint, 94% (142/151) of exposures occurred during the first 137 EMS encounters compared with 6% (9/151) during the second 137 EMS encounters (p<0.01). By the investigation’s final week, EMS deployed MEGG PPE in 34% (3579/10 468) of all EMS person-encounters. Less than 0.5% of EMS providers experienced COVID-19 illness within 14 days of occupational encounter. Programmatic strategies were associated with a reduction in exposures, while achieving a measured use of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210095 id: cord-025747-iuzoio29 author: Murphy, Rebecca title: Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 8908.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025747-iuzoio29.txt summary: A potential practical solution to address some of these problems is to deliver enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E), an evidence-based treatment for all eating disorders, remotely. To identify and discuss the additional eating disorder-related problems that may arise as a result of COVID-19, as well as potential opportunities for adapting some aspects of CBT-E to address them. Standard procedures for addressing eating disorder psychopathology also require modification in light of the additional problems caused by A potential practical solution to address some of these problems is to deliver enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E: Fairburn et al., 2003; Fairburn, 2008) remotely. New problems and potential opportunities arising from COVID-19 Some inevitable consequences of COVID-19, in particular the prolonged social isolation (Brooks et al., 2020) and the fear associated with possible infection, may interact negatively with eating disorder psychopathology and the provision of CBT-E treatment (Dalle Grave, 2020). abstract: In the past few weeks, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically expanded across the world. To limit the spread of COVID-19 and its negative consequences, many countries have applied strict social distancing rules. In this dramatic situation, people with eating disorders are at risk of their disorder becoming more severe or relapsing. The risk comes from multiple sources including fears of infection and the effects of social isolation, as well as the limited availability of adequate psychological and psychiatric treatments. A potential practical solution to address some of these problems is to deliver enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E), an evidence-based treatment for all eating disorders, remotely. In this guidance we address three main topics. First, we suggest that CBT-E is suitable for remote delivery and we consider the challenges and advantages of delivering it in this way. Second, we discuss new problems that patients with eating disorders may face in this period. We also highlight potential opportunities for adapting some aspects of CBT-E to address them. Finally, we provide guidelines about how to adapt the various stages, strategies and procedures of CBT-E for teletherapy use in the particular circumstances of COVID-19. KEY LEARNING AIMS: (1).. To appreciate that CBT-E is suitable for remote delivery, and to consider the main challenges and potential advantages of this way of working. (2).. To identify and discuss the additional eating disorder-related problems that may arise as a result of COVID-19, as well as potential opportunities for adapting some aspects of CBT-E to address them. (3).. To learn how to adapt CBT-E for remote delivery to address the consequences of COVID-19. Specifically, to consider adaptations to the assessment and preparation phase, the four stages of treatment and its use with underweight patients and adolescents. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264449/ doi: 10.1017/s1754470x20000161 id: cord-151118-25cbus1m author: Murray, Benjamin title: Accessible Data Curation and Analytics for International-Scale Citizen Science Datasets date: 2020-11-02 words: 4954.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-151118-25cbus1m.txt summary: To test the performance of the join operator when ExeTera and Pandas are used, we generate a dataset composed of a left primary key (int64), a right foreign key (int64) and 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 , and 32 fields respectively of random numbers corresponding to entries in the right table (int32). In this work, we present ExeTera, a data curation and analytics tool designed to provide users with a low complexity solution for working on datasets approaching terabyte scale, such as national / international-scale citizen science datasets like the Covid Symptom Study. ExeTera provides features for cleaning, journaling, and generation of reproducible processing and analytics, enabling large research teams to work with consistent measures and analyses that can be reliably recreated from the base data snapshots. Although ExeTera was developed to provide data curation for researchers working on the Zoe Symptom Study, this software is being developed to be generally applicable to large-scale relational datasets for researchers who work in Python. abstract: The Covid Symptom Study, a smartphone-based surveillance study on COVID-19 symptoms in the population, is an exemplar of big data citizen science. Over 4.7 million participants and 189 million unique assessments have been logged since its introduction in March 2020. The success of the Covid Symptom Study creates technical challenges around effective data curation for two reasons. Firstly, the scale of the dataset means that it can no longer be easily processed using standard software on commodity hardware. Secondly, the size of the research group means that replicability and consistency of key analytics used across multiple publications becomes an issue. We present ExeTera, an open source data curation software designed to address scalability challenges and to enable reproducible research across an international research group for datasets such as the Covid Symptom Study dataset. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00867v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-286441-nl3kuqw3 author: Murray, D. D. title: Design and implementation of the multi-arm, multi-stage Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) platform master protocol: An Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) initiative date: 2020-11-12 words: 5560.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286441-nl3kuqw3.txt summary: Methods: Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO), is a global multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) platform master protocol, which facilitates the rapid evaluation of the safety and efficacy of candidate anti-viral therapeutic agents for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO), is a global multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) platform master protocol, which facilitates the rapid evaluation of the safety and efficacy of candidate anti-viral therapeutic agents for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. This approach to early futility assessment using an early intermediate outcome and a primary endpoint out to 90 days allows the study team to make rapid decisions on safety and potential efficacy of novel agents while ultimately focusing on patient-centered, longer-term outcomes. This approach to early futility assessment using an early intermediate outcome and a primary endpoint out to 90 days allows the study team to make rapid decisions on safety and potential efficacy of novel agents while ultimately focusing on patient-centered, longer-term outcomes. abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a public health emergency. Safe and effective therapies are urgently needed. Methods: Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO), is a global multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) platform master protocol, which facilitates the rapid evaluation of the safety and efficacy of candidate anti-viral therapeutic agents for adults hospitalized with COVID-19. The protocol design allows multiple therapeutic agents to be evaluated in an efficient and scientifically rigorous manner, with efficiencies delivered by the MAMS design, and began by studying neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. TICO employs an agile and robust approach to futility and safety evaluation at 300 patients enrolled (Stage 1), with subsequent expansion to full sample size and an expanded target population (Stage 2) if the agent shows an acceptable safety profile and evidence of efficacy. Two ordinal outcomes applied early (Day 5) determine the efficacy signals of the investigational agents(s) and progression to Stage 2. These ordinal outcomes assess both respiratory and other organ failure events, recognizing the broad range of COVID-19 morbidity. In Stage 2, overall efficacy is assessed using the primary outcome of time to sustained recovery, assessed over 90 days. This approach to early futility assessment using an early intermediate outcome and a primary endpoint out to 90 days allows the study team to make rapid decisions on safety and potential efficacy of novel agents while ultimately focusing on patient-centered, longer-term outcomes. The implementation of TICO across a global network allows for continued enrollment despite variations in geographic epidemiology. Study Status: The TICO master protocol moved from conception to first patient enrolled in approximately 9 weeks, a testament to the expedited regulatory and ethics review, coupled with flexible and responsive study operations. The first agent to be tested using this protocol, LY-CoV-555, enrolled N=326 participants before undergoing Stage 1 futility and safety assessment. Two additional agents will enter the study in November 2020, with other agents planned. Conclusion: The TICO MAMS platform trial has been implemented efficiently across a global network of sites and several trial networks. It will generate results rapidly for multiple novel neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutics agents. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.08.20227876 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20227876 id: cord-294023-knaxr7t0 author: Murri, Rita title: Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy date: 2020-09-03 words: 2073.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294023-knaxr7t0.txt summary: title: Social media as a tool for scientific updating at the time of COVID pandemic: Results from a national survey in Italy Seventy percent (n = 261) of respondents reported that their use of social media to find medical information increased during the current pandemic (Fig 1) . In terms of COVID-19 medical practice, information coming from social media were considered "enough" or "much" or "very much" useful by 82.9% (n = 306) of the sample. To the question "During the last week, do you think that information shared on social media had an impact on your clinical practice for patients with COVID?" 28.7% (n = 106) answered "enough" and 47.1% (n = 174) "much" or "very much". Our survey shows that, at the time of COVID pandemic, many clinicians react to their urgent need for updates by seeking information through unconventional sources instead of academic journals publications. abstract: In the face of the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals on the frontline are in urgent need of frequent updates in the accomplishment of their practice. Hence, clinicians started to search for prompt, valid information on sources that are parallel to academic journals. Aim of this work is to investigate the extent of this phenomenon. We administered an anonymous online cross-sectional survey to 645 Italian clinicians. Target of the survey were all medical figures potentially involved in the management of COVID-19 cases. 369 questionnaires were returned. 19.5% (n = 72) of respondents were younger than 30 years-old; 49,3% (n = 182) worked in Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine or Respiratory Medicine departments, 11.5% (n = 42) in Intensive Care Unit and 7.4% (n = 27) were general practitioner. 70% (n = 261) of respondents reported that their use of social media to seek medical information increased during the pandemic. 39.3% (n = 145) consistently consulted Facebook groups and 53.1% (n = 196) Whatsapp chats. 47% (n = 174) of respondents reported that information shared on social media had a consistent impact on their daily practice. In the present study, we found no difference in social media usage between age groups or medical specialties. Given the urgent need for scientific update during the present pandemic, these findings may help understanding how clinicians access new evidences and implement them in their daily practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238414 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238414 id: cord-291023-vltxefr7 author: Murt, Ahmet title: Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation? date: 2020-05-19 words: 499.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291023-vltxefr7.txt summary: Suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients should ideally be dialysed in a separate isolation room [1] . When an isolation room cannot be established, these patients may be placed in the last shift or sent to a COVID-19 designated dialysis facility. The following are the generally accepted criteria to discharge patients from COVID wards: • being afebrile for at least three consecutive days • having two negative respiratory SARS-CoV2 PCR tests done 24 hours apart • having improved respiratory symptoms with absorbed inflammation in imaging studies. Should this patient be accepted to a standard facility as the PCR tests are negative? In summary, we suggest that nephrologists should continue hemodialysis in an isolation room even if the patient is discharged. The decision to end the isolation should be given with an additional PCR test which is done 1 month after the patient was confirmed to have COVID-19. PCR assays turned positive in 25 discharged COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428901/ doi: 10.1159/000508380 id: cord-275557-peo4d1hn author: Musa, Arif title: Addendum to Systematic Review of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 896.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275557-peo4d1hn.txt summary: 2 However, Wang et al did not find a statistically significant benefit with remdesivir in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 237 patients that was published on April 29. 3 On the same day, a press release by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) regarding the Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT) reported significantly reduced time to recovery and mortality with remdesivir. The first randomized, controlled clinical trial of remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 was published in The Lancet on April 29. 5 After, the data and safety monitoring board performed a preliminary analysis of 1063 patients, the NIAID reported on April 29 that remdesivir statistically significantly reduced time to recovery compared to placebo (11 vs 15 days, p<0.001). Nevertheless, on May 1, based on the ACTT and Gilead open-label trial, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for use of remdesivir for COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726231/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.48121 id: cord-320740-npoje09j author: Musa, Arif title: Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-20 words: 2292.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320740-npoje09j.txt summary: To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. Given the worldwide urgency for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 and the therapeutic potential of remdesivir, this systematic review was performed to determine the outcomes and adverse events associated with this investigational, anti-viral medication. abstract: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic. To date, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 200 countries, leading to over 1.6 million cases and over 99,000 deaths. Given that there is neither a vaccine nor proven treatment for COVID-19, there is currently an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapy. To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. Remdesivir, an anti-viral prodrug originally developed to treat Ebola virus disease, has shown broad spectrum activity against the Coronavirus family. A recent case report reported improvement of clinical symptoms with remdesivir in a patient with COVID-19. After conducting a systematic search of 18 clinical trial registries and three large scientific databases, we identified 86 potentially eligible items. Following removal of duplicates (n = 21), eligible studies were reviewed independently by two authors. After the first round of screening, inter-rater agreement was 98.5% (κ = 0.925). After the second round of full-text screening, inter-rater agreement was 100%. A total of seven ongoing and recruiting clinical trials of remdesivir (100–200 milligrams, intravenous [IV]) were included. We identified the following primary outcomes: patients discharged (n = 2); time to clinical status improvement (n = 2); improved O2 saturation (n = 2); body temperature normalization (n = 2); and clinical status (n = 1). Secondary outcomes in all identified studies included documentation of adverse events. Phase 3 trials are expected to be completed between April 2020–2023. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726230/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47658 id: cord-269970-tnnpo6hu author: Musa, Hassan H title: L’impact psychologique silencieux de la pandémie de COVID-19 au Soudan date: 2020-10-14 words: 1111.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269970-tnnpo6hu.txt summary: Because of population density, social structure, cultural norms, reduced healthcare capacity, and poverty, it is challenging to place millions of people in Sudan under lockdown, including those living in some of the largest refugee camps in the country, without impacting their mental health. When the COVID-19 cases reached the community transmission stage, and the confirmed positive cases and the death rate rose, Sudan entered into quarantine experience which led to distress in the form of fear, panic, anxiety, anger, stigma, depression, xenophobia, confusion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress [9] . In addition to the prevention and treatment of disease, it may be prudent to perform mental health assessments of confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected patients, quarantined family members, and healthcare personnel to ensure that individuals are coping well during the pandemic [16] . mental health treatment for front-line clinicians during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a plea to the medical community abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078130/ doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100604 id: cord-261985-ezzcgy6z author: Musa, Saif A. title: COVID-19: Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community date: 2020-06-08 words: 684.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261985-ezzcgy6z.txt summary: A lack of national and internationally agreed case definitions for healthcare-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to inconsistencies in describing epidemiology, which limit comparisons. Hospital-onset healthcare-associated (HoHA) COVID-19 would define current hospitalized inpatients residing >14 days. Hospitalonset possible healthcare-associated (HoPHA) cases, in those residing between 3 and 14 days in the hospital, in the absence of suspected COVID-19 on admission. New cases diagnosed within 14 days of acute-care hospital discharge would be community-onset, healthcare-associated (CoHA) infection. Community-associated (CA) cases would refer to those diagnosed within 2 days or suspected on admission (diagnosed >2 days after admission) and no acute-care hospitalization within the previous 14 days. The rates of HoHA and HoPHA COVID-19 cases per total number of hospital admissions during this period were 32 of 1,818 (1.76%) and 32 of 1,818 (1.76%), respectively. 5 Our data demonstrate that healthcare-associated COVID-19 has contributed an important number of cases patients during the height of a pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.283 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.283 id: cord-301025-cf2jcw6x author: Musca, Serban C. title: A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine''s Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-13 words: 4364.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301025-cf2jcw6x.txt summary: title: A Simple Bayesian Method for Evaluating Whether Data From Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Who Have Been Under Chronic Hydroxychloroquine Medication Since Before the COVID-19 Outbreak Can Speak to Hydroxychloroquine''s Prophylactic Effect Against Infection With SARS-CoV-2 We propose to use data from patients with rheumatic diseases (RA, SLR) who have been chronically taking HCQ medication since before the COVID-19 outbreak (hereafter: HCQpa), in order to evaluate the potential of HCQ for preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2. If HCQ has no prophylactic effect against infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 prevalence in HCQpa will not be statistically different from that in the general population (all comers who do not take HCQ medication; hereafter: pop gen ). HCQ having a prophylactic effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection would manifest itself by a COVID-19 prevalence in HCQpa that is lower than the COVID-19 prevalence in the general population. abstract: No vaccine against infection by SARS-CoV-2 yet exists. Treatment by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) medication, among others, has been proposed. However, prophylactic HCQ medication has been little evaluated. We propose to use data from patients with rheumatic diseases (RA, SLR) who have been chronically taking HCQ medication since before the COVID-19 outbreak (hereafter: HCQpa), in order to evaluate the potential of HCQ for preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2. This can be achieved with relative ease by considering whether COVID-19 prevalence is significantly lower in HCQpa than in the general population (i.e., all people that are not HCQpa). Even if COVID-19 prevalence is truly significantly lower in HCQpa, some HCQpa may still present with COVID-19 (lower prevalence does not mean a prevalence of zero). However, given a value for COVID-19 prevalence in the general population and a number of available HCQpa, one may compute the maximum number of HCQpa for that total number of HCQpa considered that can have COVID-19 in order to still be able to conclude a lower COVID-19 prevalence in HCQpa (i.e., if there is one more case of COVID-19 than that maximum number, the COVID-19 prevalence in the HCQpa cannot be said to be lower than in the general population). Because the COVID-19 prevalence in the general population is not known with precision, we will consider different general population prevalence values. Among these contemplated prevalence values, one is derived from the official total number of confirmed cases, others by computing the total number of cases from the number of fatal COVID-19 cases so far and considering different case fatality rates per total cases. Our analyses show that systematic testing for COVID-19 in as few as 5,000 HCQpa is all that is needed for a test of whether HCQ has a prophylactic action against COVID-19, even for a COVID-19 prevalence value as low as 250 per 100,000, provided that test sensitivity is at least equal to its specificity. For higher COVID-19 prevalence values, the number of HCQpa needed is even lower. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903552/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00490 id: cord-301476-5uc76djv author: Mushi, Vivian title: Tailoring of the ongoing water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 1320.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301476-5uc76djv.txt summary: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions remain to be important in the prevention of further spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended public health measures such as regularly and thoroughly handwashing with water and soap or with alcohol sanitizers, covering of the mouth and nose with a mask in crowded areas, physical distancing for at least 6 feet from one person to another, adhering to good respiratory hygiene practices especially when sneezing or coughing by covering the nose and mouth with a bent elbow or tissue, and avoid visiting crowded places [5] . Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are crucial in preventing human to human transmission of COVID-19 [10] . World Health Organization, interim recommendations on obligatory hand hygiene against transmission of COVID-19 World Health Organization, Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for the COVID-19 virus abstract: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions remain to be important in the prevention of further spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Basic hygiene interventions such as handwashing with water and soap (HWWS) when applied consistently will deactivate and remove the virus particles from the hands. Realizing the efforts that have been made by countries world over in controlling the COVID-19, this letter seeks to discuss how the available WASH services can be used in the fight against further spread of COVID-19. The letter highlights the challenges being faced by the current WASH services in middle- and low-income countries and suggests measures that can be employed to strengthen the WASH services in this period of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00236-5 doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00236-5 id: cord-276225-tv70aakj author: Musolino, Anna Maria title: Lung Ultrasound in Children with COVID-19: Preliminary Findings date: 2020-05-03 words: 2368.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276225-tv70aakj.txt summary: Abstract— Recent evidence indicates the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. In particular, vertical artifacts (70%), pleural irregularities (60%), areas of white lung (10%) and subpleural consolidations (10%) were the main findings in patients with COVID-19. According to our experience, the routine use of LUS in the evaluation of children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, when performed by clinicians with documented experience in LUS, was useful in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia, reducing unnecessary radiation/sedation in children and exposure of health care workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, recent evidence has indicated the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting COVID-19 pneumonia (Buonsenso et al. In particular, vertical artifacts, areas of white lung and subpleural consolidations and pleural irregularities were the main findings in pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia. Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: A case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak abstract: Abstract— Recent evidence indicates the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) in detecting coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia. However, no data are available on the use of LUS in children with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this report, we describe LUS features of 10 consecutively admitted children with COVID-19 in two tertiary-level pediatric hospitals in Rome. LUS revealed signs of lung involvement during COVID-19 infection. In particular, vertical artifacts (70%), pleural irregularities (60%), areas of white lung (10%) and subpleural consolidations (10%) were the main findings in patients with COVID-19. No cases of pleural effusions were found. According to our experience, the routine use of LUS in the evaluation of children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, when performed by clinicians with documented experience in LUS, was useful in diagnosing and monitoring pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia, reducing unnecessary radiation/sedation in children and exposure of health care workers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301562920301988?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.026 id: cord-290123-scd9u8ix author: Mustafa, Mujahed I. title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors date: 2020-09-23 words: 3551.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290123-scd9u8ix.txt summary: title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, Its Impact on Organs and Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors In this review, we will focus on cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the body organs, and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors. However, novel coronavirus still gains entry into humans by targeting ACE2 receptor that is found on lung cells, which destroy human lungs through cytokine storms, and this leads to hyperinflammation, forcing the immune cells to destroy healthy cells, which could be the reason behind COVID-19 patients'' frequent intensive care admission [28] . This review deals with cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the organs, and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors. COVID-19 triggers cytokine storm in many stages of its pathological course that causes lung fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and eventually leads to multiorgan failure [34, 54, 61] . abstract: The novel coronavirus is not only causing respiratory problems, but it may also damage the heart, kidneys, liver, and other organs; in Wuhan, 14 to 30% of COVID-19 patients have lost their kidney function and now require either dialysis or kidney transplants. The novel coronavirus gains entry into humans by targeting the ACE2 receptor that found on lung cells, which destroy human lungs through cytokine storms, and this leads to hyperinflammation, forcing the immune cells to destroy healthy cells. This is why some COVID-19 patients need intensive care. The inflammatory chemicals released during COVID-19 infection cause the liver to produce proteins that defend the body from infections. However, these proteins can cause blood clotting, which can clog blood vessels in the heart and other organs; as a result, the organs are deprived of oxygen and nutrients which could ultimately lead to multiorgan failure and consequent progression to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and often death. However, there are novel protein modification tools called the QTY code, which are similar in their structure to antibodies, which could provide a solution to excess cytokines. These synthetic proteins can be injected into the body to bind the excess cytokines created by the cytokine storm; this will eventually remove the excessive cytokines and inhibit the severe symptoms caused by the COVID-19 infection. In this review, we will focus on cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the body organs, and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8198963 doi: 10.1155/2020/8198963 id: cord-298763-u5xn392m author: Mutala, Timothy Musila title: Radiology practice in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 outbreak: points to consider date: 2020-09-07 words: 3101.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt summary: Given that pandemics such as COVID-19 can worsen the strain on the scantily available radiological resources in this region, we share some practical points that can be applied to manage these precious resources also needed for other essential services. Radiologists in sub-Saharan Africa must be fully cognizant of the radiological features of COVID-19 by referring to the aforementioned literature and the few cases they have from imaging patients with COVID-19 disease in their local setting. "Red" and "green" zones principle (minimize healthcare acquired infections): diagnosis of COVID-19 starts at the public health and primary care realms with clear case definition as developed by WHO [11] . At the same time, in the main hospital setting, it is imperative that the radiology managers and their staff get actively involved in the development of their institutional standard operating protocols (SOPs) on handling COVID-19 cases. "Red zone" operations demand designation of facilities including imaging for the COVID-19 diagnosed or suspected patients. abstract: COVID-19 is a rapidly growing pandemic that has grown from a few cases in Wuhan, China to millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide within a few months. Sub-Saharan Africa is not spared. Radiology has a key role to play in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 as literature from Wuhan and Italy demonstrates. We therefore share some critical knowledge and practice areas for radiological suspicion and diagnosis. In addition, emphasis on how guarding against healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) by applying “red” and “green” principle is addressed. Given that pandemics such as COVID-19 can worsen the strain on the scantily available radiological resources in this region, we share some practical points that can be applied to manage these precious resources also needed for other essential services. We have noted that radiology does not feature in many main COVID-19 guidelines, regionally and internationally. This paper therefore suggests areas of collaboration for radiology with other clinical and management teams. We note from our local experience that radiology can play a role in COVID-19 surveillance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062129/ doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.28.23081 id: cord-033417-5elpvxhw author: Muthuppalaniappan, Menaka title: Healthcare Cyber-Attacks and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Urgent Threat to Global Health date: 2020-09-27 words: 1501.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033417-5elpvxhw.txt summary: In April 2020, the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL) published a report cautioning a global increase in the prevalence of cyber-attacks relating to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1] . 5 Alongside frontline health services, other parts of the healthcare industry supply chain are also vulnerable to attacks, including medical manufacturers working to meet the overwhelming global demand for COVID-19 essential goods. Early in May 2020, the UK''s National Cyber-Security Centre (NCSC) announced a significant increase in cyber-attacks perpetrated by hostile states and cyber-criminals targeting British universities and institutions working on COVID-19 research [3] . In response to this and other attacks, the UK''s Health Secretary gave the UK''s intelligence service access and oversight to the NHS IT network in May. Unfortunately, healthcare organisations and universities often lack resources to protect against cyber-attacks and can be badly affected by the cost and long-term impacts of security breaches. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread disruption to the healthcare industry. Alongside complex issues relating to ensuring sufficient healthcare capacity and resourcing, healthcare organisations and universities are now also facing heightened cyber-security threats in the midst of the pandemic. Since the outbreak began various healthcare providers and academic institutions across the world have been targeted in a variety of complex and coordinatized cyber-attacks. International and national regulatory bodies have stressed the urgent need for healthcare providers and universities to protect themselves against cyber-attacks during COVID-19, recognising that a growing number of cyber-criminals are seeking to capitalise on the vulnerabilities of the healthcare sector during this period. This includes a desire to steal intellectual property such as data relating to COVID-19 vaccine development, modelling and experimental therapeutics. It is therefore essential that healthcare providers and universities ensure they are informed, protected and prepared to respond to any cyber-threat. This article outlines key COVID-19 cyber-security principles for both healthcare organisations and academic institutions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543534/ doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa117 id: cord-333670-qv1orlv5 author: Mutti, Luciano title: Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): What Are We Learning in a Country With High Mortality Rate? date: 2020-05-28 words: 2500.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333670-qv1orlv5.txt summary: In Italy, the possibility of performing autopsies or post-mortem diagnostic studies on suspect, probable, or confirmed COVID-19 cases has been intensively debated (5, 6) ; however, postmortem pathological analysis of COVID-19 patients in China has shown findings consistent with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (7-9) (Figure 1 ). Consistently, recent results indicate that a systemic immune dysregulation that triggers auto-sustaining inflammatory lung damage, causing fatal respiratory-failure and consequent multiorgan-failure, is the main virus-related-death cause in patients who develop SARS-CoV-2 (10). Overall, understanding the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines certainly unravels a new battleground against the lethal clinical effect of CODIV-19 infection; this, along with the identification of a high-risk autoimmune profile, including the genotyping of Class I and II HLA, which have a key role in shaping the anti-viral immune response and Th1/Th2 lymphocyte subset response (Figure 1) , and immune-profiling, could also help to prevent these dangerous evolutions of the disease (29) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574270/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01208 id: cord-262470-nkql7h9x author: Muus, Christoph title: Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells date: 2020-04-20 words: 17577.0 sentences: 869.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262470-nkql7h9x.txt summary: title: Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells Here, we assess the cell type-specific RNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL through an integrated analysis of 107 single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq studies, including 22 lung and airways datasets (16 unpublished), and 85 datasets from other diverse organs. Performing the first meta-analyses of scRNA-seq studies, we analyzed 1,176,683 cells from 282 nasal, airway, and lung parenchyma samples from 164 donors spanning fetal, childhood, adult, and elderly age groups, associate increased levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL in specific cell types with increasing age, male gender, and smoking, all of which are epidemiologically linked to COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. To assess the association of age, sex, and smoking status with the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL, we aggregated 22 scRNA-seq datasets of healthy human nasal and lung cells, as well as fetal samples. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, creates an urgent need for identifying molecular mechanisms that mediate viral entry, propagation, and tissue pathology. Cell membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and associated proteases, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and Cathepsin L (CTSL), were previously identified as mediators of SARS-CoV2 cellular entry. Here, we assess the cell type-specific RNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL through an integrated analysis of 107 single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-Seq studies, including 22 lung and airways datasets (16 unpublished), and 85 datasets from other diverse organs. Joint expression of ACE2 and the accessory proteases identifies specific subsets of respiratory epithelial cells as putative targets of viral infection in the nasal passages, airways, and alveoli. Cells that co-express ACE2 and proteases are also identified in cells from other organs, some of which have been associated with COVID-19 transmission or pathology, including gut enterocytes, corneal epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, heart pericytes, olfactory sustentacular cells, and renal epithelial cells. Performing the first meta-analyses of scRNA-seq studies, we analyzed 1,176,683 cells from 282 nasal, airway, and lung parenchyma samples from 164 donors spanning fetal, childhood, adult, and elderly age groups, associate increased levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL in specific cell types with increasing age, male gender, and smoking, all of which are epidemiologically linked to COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. Notably, there was a particularly low expression of ACE2 in the few young pediatric samples in the analysis. Further analysis reveals a gene expression program shared by ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in nasal, lung and gut tissues, including genes that may mediate viral entry, subtend key immune functions, and mediate epithelial-macrophage cross-talk. Amongst these are IL6, its receptor and co-receptor, IL1R, TNF response pathways, and complement genes. Cell type specificity in the lung and airways and smoking effects were conserved in mice. Our analyses suggest that differences in the cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry may be responsible for aspects of COVID-19 epidemiology and clinical course, and point to putative molecular pathways involved in disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.049254 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.049254 id: cord-282660-9x937eus author: Muñoz Vives, Josep Maria title: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study date: 2020-05-06 words: 3213.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282660-9x937eus.txt summary: title: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study All patients who were ≥65 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. Included participants were patients ‡65 years of age presenting to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals with the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of a proximal femoral fracture (31-A and 31-B according to the OTA/AO classification 19 ) from a low-energy mechanism from March 14, 2020 (on the day that the Spanish government declared a state of national alarm due to COVID-19 and the pandemic surpassed 2,000 patients and 50 deaths from COVID-19 in Spain) until April 4, 2020, with a minimum of 10 days of follow-up. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in December 2019 in Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, has developed into an unprecedented pandemic with enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. A higher mortality rate has been described in older infected individuals. Patients with hip fracture are a particularly vulnerable population during this pandemic because older age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Our aim was to describe the early mortality rate and demographic variables in a hip fracture sample population in Spain during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from 13 major hospitals in Spain from the beginning of the national state of alarm (declared on March 14, 2020, by the Spanish government) until the end of our study period on April 4, 2020. All patients who were ≥65 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. In addition to mortality, demographic and other potential prognostic variables were also collected. RESULTS: In this study, 136 patients with a hip fracture were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for these 23 patients was 30.4% (7 of 23 patients) at a mean follow-up of 14 days. The mortality rate was 10.3% (4 of 39) for patients who had been tested and had a negative result and 2.7% (2 of 74) for patients who had not been tested. Of the 12 patients who were managed nonoperatively, 8 (67%) died, whereas, of the 124 patients who were surgically treated, 5 (4%) died. Results differed among centers. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture and an associated positive test for COVID-19. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618917/ doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00686 id: cord-303234-t95z02g9 author: Muñoz, Miguel-Angel title: Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain date: 2020-07-27 words: 915.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303234-t95z02g9.txt summary: title: Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health care centres in Barcelona, Spain During the first weeks of the pandemic, several patients visited the PHC with symptoms compatible with COVID-19; nevertheless, they did not fit the epidemiologic criteria used at that moment to be considered as possible cases. Patients were afraid to attend the PHC, and GPs and nurses were instructed to avoid as much physical contact as possible with them. Separated areas were created to attend patients with respiratory symptoms and healthcare professionals were instructed to adopt the highest measures of safety and protection. GPs advised patients to either return home (with or without COVID-19 diagnosis) or referred them to the hospital if they presented severe symptoms and signs. PHC professionals took care of this population by detecting infections, recommending isolation, or referring patients to hospital if necessary. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2020.1796962 doi: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1796962 id: cord-346182-61i4jjys author: Myers, Jeffrey L title: Frontline Workers in the Backrooms of COVID-19: Caring for the Living and the Dead date: 2020-06-17 words: 4095.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346182-61i4jjys.txt summary: Through all of this, the forensics teams-pathologists, investigators, laboratory professionals, photographers, social workers, autopsy and pathologist assistants, and administrative staff-have been at the frontline of pathology''s largest COVID-19 front, contributing to the public welfare and the science of SARS-CoV-2 while caring for the dead and the living with a measure of compassion and kindness that few understand or know. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the forensic pathology program at the University of Michigan proved critical to supporting the counties they serve and families of the COVID-19 patients and others who died at home and in hospitals. Individuals in Michigan Medicine''s 4 county forensic services who died of conditions other than SARS-CoV-2 ❚Image 2❚ A large team at the Wayne County Medical Examiner''s Office in Detroit is responsible for autopsies each day and comprises a combination of Michigan Medicine staff (including pathologists'' assistants), trainees, and a faculty member who functions as officer of the day. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a forensics center that integrates an academic department of pathology with multiple regional county medical examiners’ offices. METHODS: Faculty and staff were asked to volunteer stories, data, and photographs describing their activities from March through May 2020. The information was assembled into a narrative summary. RESULTS: Increased deaths challenged capacity limits in a hospital morgue and a large urban medical examiner’s office (MEO) successfully managed by forensic teams and monitored by an institutional command center. Autopsies of suspected and proven cases of COVID-19 were performed in both facilities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing of decedents was performed in a MEO serving a large urban area. Scene investigators worked directly with families to meet needs unique to a pandemic. Artful photographs of decedent’s hands and/or tattoos were offered to those unable to have in-person viewings. Pathologists and social workers were available to families of the deceased and created novel solutions to facilitate the grieving process. CONCLUSIONS: Forensic pathology is important to successfully navigating emerging diseases like the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct conversations with families are common in forensic pathology and serve as a model for patient- and family-centered care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556078/ doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa106 id: cord-281060-1ud5hzlh author: Méndez Maestro, Irune title: Skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 disease: a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary hospital date: 2020-09-24 words: 1588.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281060-1ud5hzlh.txt summary: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations have been recently described and classified in five different clinical patterns, including acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis. We decided to perform this study to describe the real prevalence and directly examine the skin findings in hospitalized patients in our institution with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 disease. We performed a cross-sectional study, which included COVID19 Based on recent reports 4-16 and on the Spanish group classification in clinical patterns, 17 we included acral erythemaedema (pseudo-chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis areas. All skin findings can be included in the recently described clinical patterns of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease. In our study, we did not correlate the severity of the COVID-19 disease with the different skin patterns because all of the patients we included had very similar clinical characteristics of COVID-19 (moderate-severe infection that required hospitalization). abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations have been recently described and classified in five different clinical patterns, including acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the skin of hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 disease and describe the real prevalence of skin manifestations. METHODS: A cross‐sectional study, which included hospitalized patients in Cruces University Hospital from April 14–30, 2020, with a laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 (with polymerase chain reaction and/or serology tests), was conducted. Entire body surface examination was performed by experienced dermatologists to search for cutaneous manifestations related to COVID‐19 disease. RESULTS: From a sample of 75 patients, 14 (18.7%) developed cutaneous manifestations possibly related to COVID‐19. We found six patients with acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain) (42.8%), four patients with maculopapular exanthemas (28.6%), two patients with urticarial lesions (14.3%), one patient with livedo reticularis‐like lesions (7.15%), and one patient with vesicular eruption (7.15%). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a more plausible relationship between the main cutaneous patterns and COVID‐19 in hospitalized patients as all of them had a confirmatory laboratory test. Skin manifestations are frequent but mild with spontaneous resolution. These findings are nonspecific and can be similar to other viral infections and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15180 doi: 10.1111/ijd.15180 id: cord-293736-nyvwv31m author: Méry, Geoffroy title: COVID-19: Underlying Adipokine Storm and Angiotensin 1-7 Umbrella date: 2020-07-21 words: 5746.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293736-nyvwv31m.txt summary: Here we seek to explore what underlies the link between immune response and respiratory failure in CoV infections on the one hand, and the current observation of obesity as a risk factor for severe outcome in COVID-19 on the other. Indeed, during COVID-19 infection, most patients exhibit a specific cytokine profile, associating innate immunity chemokines (such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), which are suggestive of macrophage activation and epithelial suffering), and pro-inflammatory macrophage-produced cytokines such as IL-6 (45). We suggest that the tampering with such pathways could also lead to abnormalities in the inflammatory response observed in severe CoV infections through their influence on immune regulation and cytokine production. Besides suffering from a pro-inflammatory environment, which favors macrophage activation and neutrophil production, obese patients exhibit abnormal responses to viral infection. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third coronavirus leading to a global health outbreak. Despite the high mortality rates from SARS-CoV-1 and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV infections, which both sparked the interest of the scientific community, the underlying physiopathology of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, remains partially unclear. SARS-CoV-2 shares similar features with SARS-CoV-1, notably the use of the angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor to enter the host cells. However, some features of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are unique. In this work, we focus on the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes on the one hand, and the severity of COVID-19 infection on the other, as it seems greater in these patients. We discuss how adipocyte dysfunction leads to a specific immune environment that predisposes obese patients to respiratory failure during COVID-19. We also hypothesize that an ACE2-cleaved protein, angiotensin 1-7, has a beneficial action on immune deregulation and that its low expression during the SARS-CoV-2 infection could explain the severity of infection. This introduces angiotensin 1-7 as a potential candidate of interest in therapeutic research on CoV infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793244/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01714 id: cord-287758-da11ypiy author: Mônica Vitalino de Almeida, Sinara title: COVID-19 therapy: what weapons do we bring into battle? date: 2020-09-10 words: 17412.0 sentences: 1034.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287758-da11ypiy.txt summary: The increase in studies related to SARS-CoV-2 during the first semester in 2020 has allowed the rather speedy identification of promising therapeutic targets for both developing immunotherapies and producing/identifying antiviral drugs. 5, 64 So far, structural proteins and enzymes that participate actively in the process of viral replication are the most investigated targets for the development of molecules for anti-CoVs therapies (FIG. Based on results from previous studies as well, nelfinavir was considered a likely therapy for COVID-19 after its indication for clinical trials as a promising anti-SARS drug. 218 In addition to this well-known antitumor effect, imatinib has also shown in-vitro antiviral properties against several virus, such as infectious bronchitis virus (a viral model for studying the role of tyrosine kinase activity during CoV infection), by interfering with virus-cell fusion, 219 and other RNA viruses including coxsackie virus, 220 hepatitis C virus, 221 Ebola, 222 among others, mainly by blocking viral entry or egress from the host cell. abstract: Urgent treatments, in any modality, to fight SARS-CoV-2 infections are desired by society in general, by health professionals, by Estate-leaders and, mainly, by the scientific community, because one thing is certain amidst the numerous uncertainties regarding COVID-19: knowledge is the means to discover or to produce an effective treatment against this global disease. Scientists from several areas in the world are still committed to this mission, as shown by the accelerated scientific production in the first half of 2020 with over 25,000 published articles related to the new coronavirus. Three great lines of publications related to COVID-19 were identified for building this article: The first refers to knowledge production concerning the virus and pathophysiology of COVID-19; the second regards efforts to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 at a speed without precedent in the history of science; the third comprehends the attempts to find a marketed drug that can be used to treat COVID-19 by drug repurposing. In this review, the drugs that have been repurposed so far are grouped according to their chemical class. Their structures will be presented to provide better understanding of their structural similarities and possible correlations with mechanisms of actions. This can help identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 promising therapeutic agents. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757 doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115757 id: cord-278155-4ekdwyrw author: Möckel, Martin title: How emergency departments prepare for virus disease outbreaks like COVID-19 date: 2020-05-04 words: 947.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278155-4ekdwyrw.txt summary: Acute outbreaks of novel virus caused diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) challenge the national and international healthcare systems and specifically the emergency departments (EDs) as patients, even if they have only mild symptoms, intuitively present in the ED once they fear to have a serious disease. Therefore, EDs need to prepare fast and effectively to address the challenge of walk-in patients who might transmit the virus SARS-CoV-2 without displaying severe symptoms themselves, to protect personnel and vulnerable patient groups who are typically present in the ED at any time like patients with immunosuppression, chronic disease and older age. (3) A set of measures and information needs to be prepared and made available for all potential patients. EDs are prone to be the first contact of patients infected with novel viral diseases like COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.0000000000000703 doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000703 id: cord-288919-3ay39zf5 author: Müller, Helmut title: Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation date: 2020-06-18 words: 231.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288919-3ay39zf5.txt summary: key: cord-288919-3ay39zf5 title: Recovery from COVID‐19 following hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and liver transplantation cord_uid: 3ay39zf5 Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV suppression with repeatedly negative PCR results has been achieved. Metroticket 2.0 model for analysis of competing risks of death after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Clinical best practice advice for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: AASLD expert panel consensus statement Cyclosporine and tacrolimus have inhibitory effects on toll-like receptor signaling after liver transplantation Fatal outcome in a liver transplant recipient with COVID-19 The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the American Journal of Transplantation. abstract: Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. A 1965 born male had suffered from haemophilia A. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interferon-based HCV therapy resulted in a sustained virological response. Antiviral treatment with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/rilpivirin for HIV is ongoing since 2016. HIV suppression with repeatedly negative PCR results has been achieved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492753/ doi: 10.1111/ajt.16107 id: cord-340063-nmx91h0a author: Müller, Olaf title: Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 words: 3011.0 sentences: 349.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340063-nmx91h0a.txt summary: The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), started in December 2019 in China. Es gibt bisher weder wirksame Medikamente noch eine Impfung, somit stehen nur Public-Health-Interventionen wie einerseits physisches Abstandhalten und Hygienemaßnahmen sowie andererseits gezieltes Testen gefolgt von Isolations-und Quarantänemaßnahmen zur Verfügung. Der Erreger des Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) , das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), gehört zu einer RNA-Virusfamilie, die sowohl bei Tieren als auch beim Menschen Erkrankungen hervorrufen kann. Der Verlauf nationaler Epidemien sowie der Pandemie wird von Faktoren bestimmt, die bisher für COVID-19 noch nicht vollständig verstanden sind. Prinzipiell unterscheidet man hierbei Isolationsmaßnahmen (SARS-CoV-2-Infizierte und COVID-19-Patienten) und Quarantänemaßnahmen (Kontaktpersonen von Infizierten und Erkrankten, stark betroffene Gemeinden); diese Maßnahmen sind besonders wirksam zum Beginn einer Epidemie, wenn Infektionsketten noch nachvollziehbar sind [35] . Es ist momentan auch noch offen, welche Ausmaße die Pandemie in den Industrieländern erlangen wird; dies hängt primär von der Intensität und Dauer der durchgeführten Public-Health-Maßnahmen ab. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), started in December 2019 in China. SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmitted by droplet infection. After an incubation period of 1–14 days, COVID-19 shows a mild course in 80 % of observed cases and a severe course in 20 %, with a lethality rate of 0.3–5.8 %. Elderly people and people with underlying diseases have a higher risk of severe courses with mandatory ventilation. So far there are neither effective drugs nor vaccinations available, so only public health interventions such as physical distancing and hygiene measures on the one hand and targeted testing followed by isolation and quarantine measures on the other hand are available. China has shown that maximum use of these measures can control the epidemic. The further course and also the consequences for the global economy cannot be clearly predicted at present. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1162-1987 doi: 10.1055/a-1162-1987 id: cord-282737-xa4ct4lf author: Müller, Simon M. title: National Publication Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Preliminary Exploratory Analysis of the 30 Countries Most Affected date: 2020-09-05 words: 3286.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282737-xa4ct4lf.txt summary: Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study we compared and correlated 17 epidemiologic, health care system-related and health-economic factors from medical databases and intergovernmental organisations potentially influencing the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 publication productivity between 1 January and 30 April 2020 amongst the 30 countries most severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, we compared and correlated factors (Table 1) potentially influencing the COVID-19-related publication productivity between 1 January and 30 April 2020 amongst the 30 countries most severely affected by the pandemic. Our results indicate that the COVID-19 publication rate of the 30 countries most affected by the SARS-Cov2 pandemic by the end of April 2020 correlates positively with epidemiological factors (COVID-19 cases per capita, case fatality rate), health care system-relevant (number of physicians HAQ Index, Global Health Security Index) and economic factors (health care expenditure per capita, gross domestic product (GDP)), and, additionally, with the publication expertise (pre-COVID-19 H-index, COVID-19 trial database). abstract: Background: The COVID 19 pandemic increased publication productivity enormously with numerous new COVID-19-related articles appearing daily, despite the fact that many health care workers in the partially overburdened national health care systems were faced with major challenges. Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study we compared and correlated 17 epidemiologic, health care system-related and health-economic factors from medical databases and intergovernmental organisations potentially influencing the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 publication productivity between 1 January and 30 April 2020 amongst the 30 countries most severely affected by the pandemic. These factors were additionally correlated with the national pre-COVID-19 publication rate for the same pre-year period to identify potential changes in the general publication behaviour. Findings: COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 publication rates correlated strongest with access to and quality of health care (ρ = 0.80 and 0.87, p < 0.0001), COVID-19 cases per capita (ρ = 0.78 and 0.72, p < 0.0001), GDP per capita (ρ = 0.69 and 0.76, p < 0.0001), health spending per capita (ρ = 0.61 and 0.73, p < 0.0001) and the pre-COVID-19 Hirsch-Index (ρ = 0.61 and 0.62, p = 0.002 and <0.0001). Ratios of publication rates for “Cancer”, “Diabetes” and “Stroke” in 2020 versus the pre-year period were 0.88 ± 0.06, 1.02 ± 0.18 and 0.9 ± 0.20, resulting in a pooled ratio of 0.93 ± 0.06 for non-COVID-19 publications. Interpretation: There are marked geographic and national differences in publication productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both COVID-19- and non-COVID-19 publication productivity correlates with epidemiologic, health care system-related and healtheconomic factors, and pre-COVID publication expertise. Countries with a stable scientific infrastructure appear to maintain non-COVID-19 publication productivity nearly at the pre-year level and at the same time use their resilience to produce COVID-19 publications at high rates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899457/ doi: 10.3390/biology9090271 id: cord-277646-l956pxe5 author: Münch, Urs title: Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) date: 2020-06-02 words: 1645.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277646-l956pxe5.txt summary: title: Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensivund Notfallmedizin (DIVI), des Bundesverbands Trauerbegleitung (BVT), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie in der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft, der Deutschen Vereinigung für Soziale Arbeit im Gesundheitswesen (DVSG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Systemische Therapie, Beratung und Familientherapie (DGSF) Die Aufgabe der psychosozialen Unterstützung dieser Menschen mit ihrer Not und Angst in dieser existenziellen Krisensituation lastet somit größtenteils und zusätzlich zu al-Der Schmerz len anderen Aufgaben auf den Schultern der Pflegekräfte und Ärzt*innen vor Ort. Darüber hinaus ist selbst bei sterbenden, mit COVID-19 infizierten Patient*innen für Zugehörige kein Abschiednehmen möglich, da diese Patient*innen in vielen dieser Einrichtungen keinen Besuch erhalten können. abstract: The corona pandemic has led to a number of restrictions and prohibitions, which in turn place large psychosocial or spiritual burdens on patients with COVID-19, their families and relatives and the treating personnel in the healthcare system. Patients with COVID-19 are not allowed to receive visitors and many hospitals and nursing homes have completely banned visitors. Many support services have been reduced or stopped completely. Necessary treatment interventions for other patients with critical and life-limiting diseases have been delayed or suspended in order to free resources for the expected COVID-19 patients; however, these people need to feel social connectedness with their relatives. Palliative care patients should be exempted from any ban on visitors. Families should be able to visit dying patients even on intensive care units or isolation wards, using adequate protective equipment. Alternative options, such as video telephone calls or via social media should be explored for patients in isolation. Families should also be enabled to say goodbye to the deceased with adequate protective equipment or should be offered alternative real or virtual options for remembrance and commemoration. Health care professionals coping with the exceptional stress should be continuously supported. This requires clear communication and leadership structures, communication training, psychosocial support, but most of all optimal framework conditions for the clinical work. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-020-00483-9 doi: 10.1007/s00482-020-00483-9 id: cord-297681-m0cckidw author: Na, Joo-Young title: [Secondary Publication] Standard Operating Procedure for Post-mortem Inspection in a Focus on Coronavirus Disease-19: the Korean Society for Legal Medicine date: 2020-08-13 words: 2813.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297681-m0cckidw.txt summary: The Korean Society for Legal Medicine, a highly specialized organization responsible for post-mortem examination and death investigation, aims to protect multiple staff-related post-mortem examinations and prevent the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions and communities to improve social stability through this guideline for COVID-19 post-mortem inspections. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during post-mortem inspection of a dead body is relatively lower than that in the case of medical procedures or treatments because dead bodies do not cough and spread droplets. Due to the nature of postmortem inspection, in most cases, there is no or insufficient ante-mortem information, so collaboration with investigative agencies, local governments, and relevant public health centers is essential to determine the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 1) After confirming the identity of the deceased, if it is necessary to confirm whether he or she has the possibility of infection with COVID-19, request confirmation to the public health center through the police in charge, and proceed with the post-mortem inspection. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It resulted in a worldwide pandemic, and spread through community transmission in the Republic of Korea (ROK). In the ROK, SARS-CoV-2 is categorized as a first-degree infectious disease of the legal communicable disease present. The Korean Society for Legal Medicine (KSLM) is the sole official academic association of forensic professionals in the ROK. As such, this society has played an important role in forensic medicine and science in the ROK. Therefore, KSLM suggests a standard operating procedure for the postmortem inspection in a focus on COVID-19. This article includes the background of this suggested standard operation procedure, basic principles for postmortem inspections of individuals suggested of having an infectious disease, and specific procedures according to the probability level of SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830469/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e302 id: cord-272445-0xauff51 author: Naaber, Paul title: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data date: 2020-10-27 words: 2751.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272445-0xauff51.txt summary: title: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data The specificity and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are known to vary and very few studies have addressed the performance of these tests in COVID-19 patient groups at different time points. We here compared the sensitivity and specificity of seven commercial (SNIBE, Epitope, Euroimmun, Roche, Abbott, DiaSorin, Biosensor) and two in-house LIPS assays (LIPS N and LIPS S-RBD) IgG/total Ab tests in serum samples from 97 COVID-19 patients and 100 controls, and correlated the results with the patients'' clinical data and the time-point the test was performed. Our study aimed to compare the performance characteristics of seven commercial and two in-house IgG/total Ab tests, which analyze the reactivity to several target proteins, and to correlate the results with the patients'' clinical data (with different symptoms score and age), and time from disease onset. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are available in various formats, detecting different viral target proteins and antibody subclasses. The specificity and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are known to vary and very few studies have addressed the performance of these tests in COVID-19 patient groups at different time points. We here compared the sensitivity and specificity of seven commercial (SNIBE, Epitope, Euroimmun, Roche, Abbott, DiaSorin, Biosensor) and two in-house LIPS assays (LIPS N and LIPS S-RBD) IgG/total Ab tests in serum samples from 97 COVID-19 patients and 100 controls, and correlated the results with the patients’ clinical data and the time-point the test was performed. We found a remarkable variation in the sensitivity of antibody tests with the following performance: LIPS N (91.8%), Epitope (85.6%), Abbott and in-house LIPS S-RBD (both 84.5%), Roche (83.5%), Euroimmun (82.5%), DiaSorin (81.4%), SNIBE (70.1%), and Biosensor (64.9%). The overall agreement between the tests was between 71–95%, whereas the specificity of all tests was within 98–100%. The correlation with patients’ clinical symptoms score ranged from strongest in LIPS N (ρ = 0.41; p<0.001) to nonsignificant in LIPS S-RBD. Furthermore, the time of testing since symptom onset had an impact on the sensitivity of some tests. Our study highlights the importance to consider clinical symptoms, time of testing, and using more than one viral antigen in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Our results suggest that some antibody tests are more sensitive for the detection of antibodies in early stage and asymptomatic patients, which may explain the contradictory results of previous studies and should be taken into consideration in clinical practice and epidemiological studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33108380/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237548 id: cord-338049-en9ktl4s author: Naarding, P. title: COVID-19: clinical challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry date: 2020-05-27 words: 1488.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338049-en9ktl4s.txt summary: After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists. A brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care is presented below, followed by a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges facing geriatric psychiatrists. Many aspects of mental health care facilities make older patients with psychiatric disorders susceptible to the rapid spread of COVID-19 [5] . To comply with national policies on the spread of COVID-19 and protect geriatric psychiatric patients, specific COVID-19 isolation units with 5-9 beds were set up in most mental health centers. The case-vignettes described above illustrate the immediate clinical challenges we faced in our mental health services for older people during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed everyday life tremendously in a short period of time. After a brief timeline of the Dutch situation and our management strategy to adapt geriatric mental health care, we present a case-series to illustrate the specific challenges for geriatric psychiatrists. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019 id: cord-261599-ddgoxape author: Nabi, Khondoker Nazmoon title: Forecasting of COVID-19 pandemic: From integer derivatives to fractional derivatives date: 2020-09-21 words: 6630.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261599-ddgoxape.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261599-ddgoxape.txt summary: In a recent study, Nabi [26] has proposed a new Susceptible-Exposed-Symptomatic Infectious-Asymptomatic Infectious-Quarantined-Hospitalized-Recovered-Dead (SEI D I U QHRD) compartmental mathematical model and calibrated model parameters to project the future dynamics of COVID-19 for various COVID-19 hotspots. The advantage of applying Caputo fractional derivatives to solve the proposed COVID-19 model is the dynamics of the model can be observed more deeply using the real-time Cameroon data. The aim of this work is to forecast the probable time and size of the epidemic peaks of the novel coronavirus outbreak in Cameroon by studying a realistic compartmental model using the robust concept of Caputo fractional derivative. Section 3 is devoted to model calibration using real data of reported cases of COVID-19 in Cameroon, global sensitivity analysis of the proposed model, and forecasting of the disease future dynamics. abstract: In this work, a new compartmental mathematical model of COVID-19 pandemic has been proposed incorporating imperfect quarantine and disrespectful behavior of the citizens towards lockdown policies, which are evident in most of the developing countries. An integer derivative model has been proposed initially and then the formula for calculating basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] of the model has been presented. Cameroon has been considered as a representative for the developing countries and the epidemic threshold [Formula: see text] has been estimated to be ∼ 3.41 [Formula: see text] as of July 9, 2020. Using real data compiled by the Cameroonian government, model calibration has been performed through an optimization algorithm based on renowned trust-region-reflective (TRR) algorithm. Based on our projection results, the probable peak date is estimated to be on August 1, 2020 with approximately 1073 [Formula: see text] daily confirmed cases. The tally of cumulative infected cases could reach ∼ 20, 100 [Formula: see text] cases by the end of August 2020. Later, global sensitivity analysis has been applied to quantify the most dominating model mechanisms that significantly affect the progression dynamics of COVID-19. Importantly, Caputo derivative concept has been performed to formulate a fractional model to gain a deeper insight into the probable peak dates and sizes in Cameroon. By showing the existence and uniqueness of solutions, a numerical scheme has been constructed using the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. Numerical simulations enlightened the fact that if the fractional order α is close to unity, then the solutions will converge to the integer model solutions, and the decrease of the fractional-order parameter (0 < α < 1) leads to the delaying of the epidemic peaks. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920306792 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110283 id: cord-296881-2g81sjnl author: Nabil, Ahmed title: Current coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches: An updated review until June 2020 date: 2020-07-20 words: 4802.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296881-2g81sjnl.txt summary: On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. In COVID-19 infection, a massive number of T-lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, emitting different cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which binds to the IL-6 receptor on its target cells, causing the cytokine storm and severe inflammatory responses in most organs including lungs, liver, kidney and other tissues and organs. Moreover, in July 2020 the WHO discontinued clinical trials with hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 (WHO, 2020b), where both therapies produced little and no reduction in the mortality of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases when compared to standard of care. COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency abstract: Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan City, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are found in the vast majority of all COVID-19 cases. Early diagnosis, treatment and future prevention are keys to COVID-19 management. Currently, the unmet need to develop cost-effective point-of-contact test kits and efficient laboratory techniques for confirmation of COVID-19 infection has powered a new frontier of diagnostic innovation. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. The rapidly increasing research regarding COVID-19 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Remdesivir may be the most promising therapy up till now. On May 1, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational Remdesivir as a potential antiviral for COVID-19 treatment. On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. Also, Corticosteroids are recommended for severe cases only to suppress the immune response and reduce symptoms, but not for mild and moderate patients where they are associated with a high-risk side effect. Based on the currently published evidence, we tried to highlight different diagnostic approaches, side effects and therapeutic agents that could help physicians in the frontlines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32788913/ doi: 10.17179/excli2020-2554 id: cord-331486-jp4m6ibe author: Naccarato, Marcello title: Has COVID-19 played an unexpected “stroke” on the chain of survival? date: 2020-05-06 words: 1447.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331486-jp4m6ibe.txt summary: In many Italian regions, hospitals have been reorganized to properly manage COVID-19 patients, creating new protected wards for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients both for intensive and sub-intensive care, including reorganizing many Stroke Units [3] . To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemics on stroke management, this report described the emergency structured pathway adopted by an Italian University Hub Stroke Unit in the cross -border Italy-Slovenia area (which serves 373''803 people) (data from Istituto Nazionale di Statistica-ISTAT official report, 30th September 2017, see http://dati.istat.it/), and compared clinical features and outcomes of admitted patients between 9th March 2020 (start of Italy lockdown) and 9th April 2020 with stroke patients admitted during the same period in 2019. In conclusion, the adopted strategies for stroke management during the COVID-19 emergency have suggested being effective, while suffering a reduced and delayed reporting of symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemics required several changes in stroke management and it may have influenced some clinical or functional characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemics on stroke management during the first month of Italy lockdown. In addition, we described the emergency structured pathway adopted by an Italian University Hub Stroke Unit in the cross-border Italy-Slovenia area. METHODS: We analyzed admitted patients' clinical features and outcomes between 9th March 2020 and 9th April 2020 (first month of lockdown), and compared them with patients admitted during the same period in 2019. RESULTS: Total admissions experienced a reduction of 45% during the lockdown compared to the same period in 2019 (16 vs 29, respectively), as well as a higher prevalence of severe stroke (NIHSS>10) at admission (n = 8, 50% vs n = 8, 28%). A dramatic prevalence of stroke of unknown symptom onset was observed in 2020 (n = 8, 50% vs n = 3, 10%). During lockdown, worse functional and independence outcomes were found, despite the similar proportion of reperfused patients. Similar ‘symptoms alert-to-admission’ and ‘door-to-treatment’ times were observed. During lockdown hospitalization was shorter and fewer patients completed the stroke work-up. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the adopted strategies for stroke management during the COVID-19 emergency have suggested being effective, while suffering a reduced and delayed reporting of symptoms. Therefore, we recommend raising awareness among the population against possible stroke symptoms onset. Thus, think F.A.S.T. and do not stay-at-home at all costs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022510X20302252?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116889 id: cord-280164-dukccrjb author: Nachega, Jean B. title: Responding to the Challenge of the Dual COVID-19 and Ebola Epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo—Priorities for Achieving Control date: 2020-06-19 words: 2305.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280164-dukccrjb.txt summary: With other African countries, the DRC faces the challenge of striking a balance between easing public health lockdown measures to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and minimizing both economic hardships for large sectors of the population and negative impacts on health services for other infectious and noninfectious diseases. Building on the DRC''s 40 years of experience with 10 previous EVD outbreaks, we highlight the DRC''s multi-sectoral public health approach to COVID-19, which includes community-based screening, testing, contact-tracing, risk communication, community engagement, and case management. [2] [3] [4] The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) recently experienced its tenth Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, the second largest globally after the 2014-2016 West African epidemic, which was recently brought under control. A multi-sectoral national committee to organize the COVID-19 response was created following the diagnosis of the first confirmed cases ( Figure 2 ) using lessons learned from the tenth EVD outbreak. abstract: As of June 11, 2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported 4,258 COVID-19 cases with 90 deaths. With other African countries, the DRC faces the challenge of striking a balance between easing public health lockdown measures to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and minimizing both economic hardships for large sectors of the population and negative impacts on health services for other infectious and noninfectious diseases. The DRC recently controlled its tenth Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, but COVID-19 and a new EVD outbreak beginning on June 1, 2020 in the northwest Équateur Province have added an additional burden to health services. Although the epidemiology and transmission of EVD and COVID-19 differ, leveraging the public health infrastructures and experiences from coordinating the EVD response to guide the public health response to COVID-19 is critical. Building on the DRC’s 40 years of experience with 10 previous EVD outbreaks, we highlight the DRC’s multi-sectoral public health approach to COVID-19, which includes community-based screening, testing, contact-tracing, risk communication, community engagement, and case management. We also highlight remaining challenges and discuss the way forward for achieving control of both COVID-19 and EVD in the DRC. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563272/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0642 id: cord-345067-kummh0g7 author: Nachega, Jean B. title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? date: 2020-05-29 words: 1178.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt summary: title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? 3 However, as lockdowns and social distancing measures are currently being lifted in stages by most African countries, governments will need to ensure that public health infrastructure and needed resources are put in place for community surveillance to identify cases and clusters of new infections through active case finding, large-scale testing, and contact tracing. 7 Mobile phone technology (mHealth) platforms are effective in improving service delivery and outcomes for many health conditions in Africa and globally, including HIV infection, tuberculosis, and chronic noncommunicable diseases. 7, 8 With the support of global mobile technology companies and small and medium enterprises within Africa, mHealth offers opportunities ranging from text messaging to mobile apps to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. COVID-19 AND MOBILE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA abstract: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476643/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0506 id: cord-275842-dtdb4yuc author: Nachmias, Vered title: The First Case of Documented Covid-19 Reinfection in Israel date: 2020-10-01 words: 1162.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275842-dtdb4yuc.txt summary: After 25 million confirmed Covid -19 infections worldwide (1), a major question has been whether reinfections with this virus are possible, potentially endangering the lives of people who recovered from this deadly virus and people who are in contact with them. In Hong Kong details of the case of a 33-year-old man reveal that he first tested positive for COVID-19 in late March 2020 and developed cough, sore throat, fever and headache. We describe a case of confirmed Covid -19 reinfection in Israel, where the infection rates have been among the highest worldwide (6) . It has been expected that if the immune response generated after an initial infection could not prevent a second case, then it should at least stave off more severe illness (7 ) . Generally, people who contract Covid-19 develop a healthy immune response of both antibodies and T cells, similar to other viral infections (7) . abstract: We describe the first documented case of Covid-19 reinfection in Israel, out of only a handful such case worldwide, in a 20 year old otherwise healthy young woman. In the first occasion she was mildly symptomatic, whereas the second episode was apparently asymptomatic, except for tachycardia of 90/min, compared to 60/min in the first episode. The fact that out of 25 million infected persons worldwide only a handful of re-infected cases have been identified suggests that this is a rare phenomenon. Alternatively, it will be critical to rule out that new mutations are not introduced, which are not covered by existing immunity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092030278X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00970 id: cord-029630-46d1cfy0 author: Nacoti, Mirco title: At the Epicenter of the Covid-19 Pandemic and Humanitarian Crises in Italy: Changing Perspectives on Preparation and Mitigation date: 2020-03-21 words: 905.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029630-46d1cfy0.txt summary: In a Bergamo hospital deeply strained by the Covid-19 pandemic, exhausted clinicians reflect on how to prepare for the next outbreak. Fully 70% of ICU beds in our hospital are reserved for critically ill Covid-19 patients with a reasonable chance to survive. What we are painfully learning is that we need experts in public health and epidemics, yet this has not been the focus of decision makers at the national, regional, and hospital levels. This approach would limit hospitalization to a focused target of disease severity, thereby decreasing contagion, protecting patients and health care workers, and minimizing consumption of protective equipment. We need dedicated Covid-19 hospital pavilions and operators, separated from virus-free areas. This outbreak is more than an intensive care phenomenon, rather it is a public health and humanitarian crisis.3 It requires social scientists, epidemiologists, experts in logistics, psychologists, and social workers. abstract: In a Bergamo hospital deeply strained by the Covid-19 pandemic, exhausted clinicians reflect on how to prepare for the next outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371333/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0080 id: cord-294443-w6p3f5qc author: Nadar, Sunil K. title: Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-14 words: 1642.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294443-w6p3f5qc.txt summary: Concern was therefore raised at the start of the pandemic that ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), medications that are commonly used for hypertension and heart failure, could have a potential deleterious effect [11] , as ACE2 is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system and is up regulated by these drugs in some tissues in a subset of animal models [12, 13] . Subsequent data have raised the possibility that patients treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs do indeed have a better outcome, with the crucial caveat that the possibility of unmeasured confounding and bias precludes drawing cause-effect conclusions from the clinical studies available thus far. A recent retrospective study from China comparing outcomes on hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with and without ACE inhibitors or ARBs for hypertension has suggested that in the former all-cause mortality was lower (adjusted HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.92; P = 0.03) [18] . Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409727/ doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-0356-y id: cord-289041-lhc53uk4 author: Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal title: Is the paradigm of community pharmacy practice expected to shift due to COVID-19? date: 2020-05-27 words: 1462.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289041-lhc53uk4.txt summary: However, despite dire need of telepharmacy and home delivery of medicines in COVID-19 prevalent developing nations, many factors, such as community pharmacist willingness, limited workforce, lack of expertise, financial reimbursement, infrastructure of community pharmacies may be to blame for low uptake of these services. Regardless of all the barricades, the shift in the community pharmacy paradigm -in terms of identity and recognition as a competent and trustworthy healthcare professionals -is expected to happen through telepharmacy and home delivery of services and medicines due to increased chances for direct interaction with patients in need of these services, only if community pharmacists aim to avail the opportunities rather than moaning about existing issues. But, as we see it, healthcare regulators in developing nations, where ensuring access to healthcare services and essential medicines has always been a great challenge, will need to utilize and promote community pharmacy services to cater the needs of vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120305994?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.021 id: cord-309147-c3ikb81g author: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid title: Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-22 words: 4984.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309147-c3ikb81g.txt summary: According to available information, SARS-CoV-2 is inferred to be a recombinant virus that originated from bats and was transmitted to humans, possibly using the pangolin as the intermediate host. The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor, and its subsequent cleavage by serine protease and fusion, are the main events in the pathophysiology. The recent reports have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is a modified coronavirus of bat origin [22, 32] , which came to humans as a result of zoonotic transmission [33, 34] . The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of pangolin-CoV has only a one amino acid difference with that of SARS-CoV-2; the infected pangolins exhibit pathological symptoms similar to humans suffering from COVID-19, and their blood circulating antibodies can react with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 [35, 36] . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges abstract: The ongoing episode of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has imposed a serious threat to global health and the world economy. The disease has rapidly acquired a pandemic status affecting almost all populated areas of the planet. The causative agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The virus has an approximate 30 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome, which is 74.5% to 99% identical to that of SARS-CoV, CoV-pangolin, and the coronavirus the from horseshoe bat. According to available information, SARS-CoV-2 is inferred to be a recombinant virus that originated from bats and was transmitted to humans, possibly using the pangolin as the intermediate host. The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor, and its subsequent cleavage by serine protease and fusion, are the main events in the pathophysiology. The serine protease inhibitors, spike protein-based vaccines, or ACE2 blockers may have therapeutic potential in the near future. At present, no vaccine is available against COVID-19. The disease is being treated with antiviral, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, herbal medicines, and active plasma antibodies. In this context, the present review article provides a cumulative account of the recent information regarding the viral characteristics, potential therapeutic targets, treatment options, and prospective research questions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32331255/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9040307 id: cord-318756-yln4htof author: Naderi, Nasim title: Cardiovascular patients in COVID‐19 era, a case series, an experience from a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tehran, Iran date: 2020-07-23 words: 3021.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318756-yln4htof.txt summary: A 55-year-old man with compressive angina, fever, and dyspnea but no cough and myalgia and reported history of close contact with a COVID-19-positive patient is presented. He was ready for discharge after a negative RT-PCR, 2 days after the second chest CT; however, he developed severe angina with identical ECG changes and a CTn-I of >50 µg/L; thus, the patient was emergently transferred to catheterization laboratory (Cath-Lab), where his selective coronary angiography revealed three-vessel disease ( Figure 1 -Panel C). A 61-year-old man with acute-onset angina chest pain without fever, a sore throat, dyspnea, cough, myalgia, and no history of close contact with a COVID-19-positive patient is presented. Regardless of many clinicians'' concerns about susceptibility to coronavirus in those patients who are taking ACEIs or ARBS, observational studies have not provided convincing data on whether these drugs have potentially beneficial or harmful effects on COVID-19 patients. abstract: Different cardiovascular presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 can be seen because of the systemic involvement. Considering its new presentations, there is need for further studies regarding the mechanistic pathways involved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3163 doi: 10.1002/ccr3.3163 id: cord-270742-kzo879gu author: Naeem, Syed title: Successful recovery from COVID‐19 in three kidney transplant recipients who received convalescent plasma therapy date: 2020-08-19 words: 2699.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270742-kzo879gu.txt summary: We present a novel case series of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 who recovered after receiving COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 1 . We present a novel case series of three kidney transplant (KT) recipients with COVID-19 who recovered after receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. Use of CP for treating Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) 6 , syndrome of acute respiratory distress (SARS) 7 , and Influenza A (H1N1) 8 may have contributed to improved survival rates in infected patients. It is important to note that prednisone may also delay recovery due to inhibition of antiviral immune response from the host and clinical evidence does not currently support corticosteroids as adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 patients 13 . abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease that typically presents with greater severity in patients with underlying medical conditions or those who are immunosuppressed. We present a novel case series of three kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19 who recovered after receiving COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) therapy. Physicians should be aware of this potentially useful treatment option. Larger clinical registries and randomized clinical trials should be conducted to further explore the clinical and allograft outcomes associated with CCP use in this population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32815238/ doi: 10.1111/tid.13451 id: cord-338572-5ifc2lx6 author: Nagarakanti, Sandhya R. title: Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and HIV coinfection date: 2020-09-19 words: 1598.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338572-5ifc2lx6.txt summary: We present the clinical outcomes of HIV patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in a matched comparison with historical controls. Data on baseline clinical characteristics and hospital course was documented and compared with that of a matched control group of COVID‐19 patients who had no history of HIV. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of HIV infected patients hospitalized for COVID‐19, there was no difference in mortality, ICU admission and the need for mechanical ventilation when compared to a matched control of COVID ‐19 patients with HIV. We evaluated their clinical outcomes and compared them to that of a well-matched control group of patients with no HIV. These data points included HIV-associated characteristics such as most recent CD4+ T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, ( obtained by flow cytometry Clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients were compared to that of a propensity matched cohort of COVID-19 patients who had no history of HIV infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection may be at an increased risk for morbidity and mortality from the Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). We present the clinical outcomes of HIV patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in a matched comparison with historical controls. METHODS: We conducted retrospective cohort study of HIV patients who were admitted for COVID‐19 between March 2020 and April 2020 to Newark Beth Israel Medical Center. Data on baseline clinical characteristics and hospital course was documented and compared with that of a matched control group of COVID‐19 patients who had no history of HIV. Kaplan Meier Survival curves and the log‐rank tests were used to estimate and compare in‐hospital survival between both unmatched and matched groups. RESULTS: Twenty‐three patients with HIV were hospitalized with COVID‐19. Median age was 59 years. The rates of in‐hospital death, the need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission were 13% (n=3), 9% (n=2) and 9% (n=2) respectively. The HIV infection was well controlled in all patients except for 3 patients who had presented with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All AIDS patients were discharged home uneventfully. A one‐to‐one propensity matching identified 23 COVID‐19 patients who served as a control group. In both pre‐ and post‐match cohorts, survival between HIV and control groups were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of HIV infected patients hospitalized for COVID‐19, there was no difference in mortality, ICU admission and the need for mechanical ventilation when compared to a matched control of COVID ‐19 patients with HIV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26533 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26533 id: cord-335292-x2vjzp18 author: Nagashima, S. title: The Endothelial Dysfunction and Pyroptosis Driving the SARS-CoV-2 Immune-Thrombosis date: 2020-06-19 words: 3502.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335292-x2vjzp18.txt summary: Approach and Results: Post-mortem lung (6 cases of COVID-19 group; 10 cases of H1N1 group and 11 cases of Control group) and myocardial samples (2 cases of COVID-19 and one control) were analyzed by conventional immunohistochemistry by using antibodies to identify molecules involving with endothelial activation (CD163, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1)) and pyroptosis (Caspase-1). In addition to COVID-19 endothelial activation, the probable higher significant involvement of pyroptosis, in this pandemic disease, but not in H1N1pdm09, may drive the massive endothelial cell death contributing to thrombogenic mechanism. The presence of the same pattern of tissue expression (COVID-19 patients with higher CD163, IL-6, ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, and Caspase-1 tissue expression than control patient) in the myocardial samples might suggest that endothelial dysfunction and pyroptosis mechanism could be more than a local lung process, but a systemic event. abstract: Objective: Endothelial activation after viral infection could contribute to changes in the vascular glycocalyx associated with programmed inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. Thus, our goal is to recognize endothelial activation and pyroptosis in lung and myocardial samples of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and compare to H1N1pdm09 and control cases. Approach and Results: Post-mortem lung (6 cases of COVID-19 group; 10 cases of H1N1 group and 11 cases of Control group) and myocardial samples (2 cases of COVID-19 and one control) were analyzed by conventional immunohistochemistry by using antibodies to identify molecules involving with endothelial activation (CD163, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1)) and pyroptosis (Caspase-1). As a result, IL-6, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, and Caspase-1 show higher tissue expression in the COVID-19 group compared to H1N1 and Control groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the vascular endothelium has been activated and the presence of pyroptosis and endothelial dysfunction in lung and myocardial samples. These conditions could lead to a systemic immune-thrombotic process that may impair the clinical staff's efforts to prevent fatal outcomes. One aim of the health professionals is to avoid COVID-19 systemic vascular injury and immune-thrombosis by blocking the endothelial dysfunction and its consequences. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133124 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.17.20133124 id: cord-296536-s8n7kgkn author: Nagendrappa, Sachin title: Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 634.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296536-s8n7kgkn.txt summary: title: Recognizing the role of animal-assisted therapies in addressing mental health needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic A review study has shown elevated stress, anxiety, depression, and panic among the general population including the health care workers. Studies have shown human-animal interaction have a potential role in reducing the stress, fear, anxiety, depressive symptoms and promoting calmness and social interaction. Identifying and using the existing resources such as pets to address loneliness and mental health concerns is one feasible option. The role of pets in addressing mental health seems to be promising in this regard. Ontological security and connectivity provided by pets: a study in the self-management of the everyday lives of people diagnosed with a long-term mental health condition COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework by Early Career Psychiatrists abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32882672/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102390 id: cord-266808-wyuodzyt author: Nagler, Arielle R title: Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City date: 2020-06-28 words: 1590.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266808-wyuodzyt.txt summary: title: Early Results from SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing of Healthcare Workers at an Academic Medical Center in New York City Over the following eight weeks three groups were tested: 1) symptomatic staff with fever or respiratory illness; 2) asymptomatic employees with self-reported exposure to COVID-19 which included any degree or duration of contact with an individual who had a documented COVID-19 infection in the work place or in the community; and 3) all employees who were returning to work in services that had been suspended during the epidemic''s peak. Positivity rates amongst all groups of employees being tested including symptomatic employees, asymptomatic employees with self-reported exposure to COVID-19, and employees being screened for returning work declined over time ( Figure 1 ). Thus during this testing program, most NYULH employees had continued exposure to COVID patients, yet A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t employees still demonstrated sharp declines in COVID infection rates. abstract: COVID-19 RT-PCR employee-testing was implemented across NYU Langone. Over eight-weeks, 14,764 employees were tested: 33% of symptomatic employees, 8% of asymptomatic employees reporting COVID-19 exposure, 3% of employees returning to work were positive. Positivity rates declined over time possibly reflecting the importance of community transmission and efficacy of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa867 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa867 id: cord-340137-2ipkxn9p author: Naguib, Mahmoud M title: Towards pandemic preparedness beyond COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 949.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340137-2ipkxn9p.txt summary: A recent study in The Lancet Global Health predicted that child mortality could increase by as much as 45%, and maternal deaths by as much as 39%, in low-income countries because of lockdowns, interruption of vaccination programmes, and overload of health-care facilities, but also fear of visiting such facilities, all as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the past few months of the COVID-19 pandemic there have been several outbreaks of zoonotic diseases that did not gain much concern from the international scientific community; for example a recent Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo after a period of 2 years without any reported cases in that region of the country. Vaccination programmes and other public health initiatives are important for prevention and surveillance of emerging zoonotic infections, not least in low-income and middle-income countries. Hence, when such activities are reduced, the risk of new emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks with potential for global spread is greatly increased. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30088-4 doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30088-4 id: cord-254421-0lvy15q2 author: Nahshon, Chen title: Author’s Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment date: 2020-07-04 words: 520.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254421-0lvy15q2.txt summary: title: Author''s Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment for their constructive comment on our review and appreciate the opportunity to further discuss the consideration of sampling preoperative patients for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prior to any surgical treatment. In our published review, we presented the possible hazardous implications of an asymptomatic undetected COVID-19 infection in surgical patients, suggesting a recommendation for a global consideration of sampling all patients before surgical treatment. Accordingly, the largest recent study published analyzed 1128 patients who had an operation during the current pandemic, with COVID-19 infection diagnosed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery [1] . In view of the progress in diagnostic tests and the presented perilous outcomes of infected COVID-19 surgical patients, routine preoperative screening should be considered, focusing on patient and staff safety. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05672-2 doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05672-2 id: cord-011424-d4pswmxa author: Naidich, Jason J. title: Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Imaging Case Volumes date: 2020-05-16 words: 3455.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011424-d4pswmxa.txt summary: METHODS: Imaging case volumes in a large health care system were retrospectively studied, analyzing weekly imaging volumes by patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) and modality types (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine) in years 2020 and 2019. The imaging case volumes were provided as aggregate data for each week (Sunday to Saturday) in 2019 and 2020 stratified by patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) and imaging modality types (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine). The imaging case volumes were provided for each imaging modality type (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine) in aggregate sum data according to the patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) for each week 1 to 16 in both 2020 and 2019 calendar years. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant economic impact on radiology with markedly decreased imaging case volumes. The purpose of this study was to quantify the imaging volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic across patient service locations and imaging modality types. METHODS: Imaging case volumes in a large health care system were retrospectively studied, analyzing weekly imaging volumes by patient service locations (emergency department, inpatient, outpatient) and modality types (x-ray, mammography, CT, MRI, ultrasound, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine) in years 2020 and 2019. The data set was split to compare pre-COVID-19 (weeks 1-9) and post-COVID-19 (weeks 10-16) periods. Independent-samples t tests compared the mean weekly volumes in 2020 and 2019. RESULTS: Total imaging volume in 2020 (weeks 1-16) declined by 12.29% (from 522,645 to 458,438) compared with 2019. Post-COVID-19 (weeks 10-16) revealed a greater decrease (28.10%) in imaging volumes across all patient service locations (range 13.60%-56.59%) and modality types (range 14.22%-58.42%). Total mean weekly volume in 2020 post-COVID-19 (24,383 [95% confidence interval 19,478-29,288]) was statistically reduced (P = .003) compared with 33,913 [95% confidence interval 33,429-34,396] in 2019, across all patient service locations and modality types. The greatest decline in 2020 was seen at week 16 specifically for outpatient imaging (88%) affecting all modality types: mammography (94%), nuclear medicine (85%), MRI (74%), ultrasound (64%), interventional (56%), CT (46%), and x-ray (22%). DISCUSSION: Since the duration of COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain, these results may assist in guiding short-term and long-term practice decisions based on the magnitude of imaging volume decline across different patient service locations and specific imaging modality types. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7229978/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.004 id: cord-325115-obquz9ve author: Naik, B Naveen title: Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring date: 2020-06-13 words: 380.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325115-obquz9ve.txt summary: title: Real-Time Smart Patient Monitoring and Assessment Amid COVID-19 Pandemic – an Alternative Approach to Remote Monitoring Facing the daunting outlook of COVID-19 pandemic surge, with limited ICU beds, resources and health care personnel, it is imperative to safely monitor and care for sickest patients. Utilization of remote technology to manage a deluge of critically ill COVID-19 patients may ease the burden on health care facilities and can stem the exposure of health care providers to COVID-19. High definition CCTV cameras were installed over each ICU bed for visualising patient mechanical ventilation and monitoring system round the clock (Fig. 1b) . In addition to this, we installed a remote mobile health monitoring system and server structure, where patient vital parameters such as temperature, SpO2, ECG, heart rate, blood pressure, etCO2 and respiratory rate can be visualized over smartphone from the off-site location (Fig. 1a) . Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing during COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01599-2 doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01599-2 id: cord-339984-vuwjre82 author: Nair, Vinay title: COVID-19 and solid organ transplant outcomes date: 2020-09-02 words: 1300.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339984-vuwjre82.txt summary: However, recent publications report great variations in the clinical course and mortality of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . We excluded studies with fewer than five kidney transplant recipients, and those without data reported. We reviewed dates of publication, number of patients, types of solid organ transplantation including kidney transplantation, patient demographics, comorbid conditions, baseline immunosuppression, changes in immunosuppression, presenting symptoms, hospital course, treatments administered, follow-up time and patient mortality. A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa207 doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa207 id: cord-254449-ww7iq04j author: Naithani, Nardeep title: COVID-19: Shades of Grey date: 2020-05-20 words: 1363.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254449-ww7iq04j.txt summary: from National Centre for Disease Control, India, have very lucidly highlighted nine domains where healthcare workers need to find answers, in this issue of the Journal. We have endeavoured to play our role as a peer reviewed medical journal while welcoming submissions on the entire spectrum of possible research on COVID-19 from across the world. Nevertheless, to carry the exit poll analogy further, mathematical models are increasingly becoming a valuable tool to equip the public health response in COVID-19. As the understanding of the transmission of the disease changes, mathematical models need to be dynamic tools to help policy making bodies. 12 The recent ordinance to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 by the Govt of India will hopefully help to reduce the public brunt and help healthcare workers focus on SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare impact of COVID-19 epidemic in India: a stochastic mathematical model Predictive mathematical models of the COVID-19 pandemic: Underlying principles and value of projections abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457558/ doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.010 id: cord-313386-t2p9txlt author: Naito, Yuji title: Association between selective IgA deficiency and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 words: 1694.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313386-t2p9txlt.txt summary: The low infection rate contributed to the low death rate from COVID-19 in Japan, suggesting that the extremely low frequency of selective IgA deficiency may be a contributing factor. Table 1 presents the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths, populations, and frequencies of selective IgA deficiency in 19 countries. (12) As shown in Fig. 3 , there was a positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the COVID-19 infection rate per 1 million population. Another important finding in this study was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the prevalence of COVID-19 infection per population. The high frequency of selective IgA deficiency in the Western countries suggests that the heterogeneous genotype population is even higher, and that the number of COVID-19 infections increases proportionately, resulting in an increase in deaths. There was a strong positive correlation between the frequency of selective IgA deficiency and the COVID-19 infection rate per population. abstract: The purpose of this study was to propose a hypothesis that there is a potential association between the incidence of selective IgA deficiency in various countries and COVID-19 cases. The number of deaths due to COVID-19 increased in clear proportion to the number of infected patients, and the difference in the number of deaths by country was due to the difference in the number of infected patients. The frequency of selective IgA deficiency has a strong positive correlation with the prevalence of COVID-19 per population. The low infection rate contributed to the low death rate from COVID-19 in Japan, suggesting that the extremely low frequency of selective IgA deficiency may be a contributing factor. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041507/ doi: 10.3164/jcbn.20-102 id: cord-152740-ln2dbqn2 author: Najafi, Ali title: ComStreamClust: A communicative text clustering approach to topic detection in streaming data date: 2020-10-11 words: 4504.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-152740-ln2dbqn2.txt summary: In order to tackle the aforementioned topic detection problem, we propose a communicative text clustering approach for tweet clustering, which has been applied on the COVID-19 and FA CUP datasets, which is described with greater details in Section 3. The obtained results provide confirmatory evidence that the proposed approach is effective and superior to the existing ones in topic detection on Twitter data. al [13] propose a model based on the universal sentence encoder [14] and transformers [15] to detect the main topics of tweets regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem tackled in this paper can be formally defined as follows: Each data-point is assumed as a quadruple (id, t, ts, s), such that id is a unique value as the identification number; t is the text with at most 280 characters; ts is the timestamp of the tweet including its arrival date and time; and s is the subject of the tweet which is not known in advance. This paper proposed a new topic detection approach using stream clustering on Twitter data. abstract: Topic detection is the task of determining and tracking hot topics in social media. Twitter is arguably the most popular platform for people to share their ideas with others about different issues. One such prevalent issue is the COVID-19 pandemic. Detecting and tracking topics on these kinds of issues would help governments and healthcare companies deal with this phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a novel communicative clustering approach, so-called ComStreamClust for clustering sub-topics inside a broader topic, e.g. COVID-19. The proposed approach was evaluated on two datasets: the COVID-19 and the FA CUP. The results obtained from ComStreamClust approve the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared to existing methods such as LDA. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05349v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-342129-74yqqocc author: Najafi, Farid title: Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran date: 2020-06-14 words: 2454.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342129-74yqqocc.txt summary: title: Serial interval and time-varying reproduction number estimation for COVID-19 in West of Iran After confirming the epidemic of COVID-19 in Iran, data on patients with COVID-19 (confirmed, probable and suspected cases) by either real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test or chest CT-scan or clinical symptoms collected by two different sections: public health sectors and emergency unit of all selected hospitals. In order to estimate the reproduction number, we need to determine the serial interval-a proxy of the generation time-which defined as the interval between clinical onsets in initial case and secondary case [5] . We used "EpiEstim" package to estimate effective reproduction number of COV19-19 given the incident case counts data of Kermanshah by time-varying method. We performed sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of changes in serial interval on the reproduction number in two different time-lapse, 7-days and 14-days. For 7-day time-laps, the estimated values of reproduction number for COVID-19 were robust as serial interval parameters change (Fig 4-top row) . abstract: There is no report on the serial interval (SI) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran, the present report aims to estimate the SI and time-varying R of COVID-19 in western Iran. In this study, there were 1477 confirmed, probable and suspected cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for Kermanshah from 22 February to 9 April. The close contacts of the confirmed cases were identified using telephone follow up of patients and their contacts. The SI distribution was used as an alternative. We fitted different models using the clinical onset dates of patients with their close contact (infector-infectee). Also, we applied a 'serial interval from sample' approach as a Bayesian methodology for estimating reproduction number. From 22 February to 29 March, 247 COVID-19 cases were confirmed by RT-PCR. Close contact between 21 patients (21 infector-infectee pairs), including 12 primary cases and 21 secondary cases, was confirmed. The mean and standard deviation of the SI were estimated as 5.71 and 3.89 days. The R varied from 0.79 to 1.88 for a 7-day time-lapse and ranged from 0.92 to 1.64 for a 14-day time-lapse on raw data. Also, the R varied from 0.83 to 1.84 for 7-day time-lapse and from 0.95 to 1.54 for a 14-day time-lapse using moving average data, respectively. It can be concluded that the low reproduction number for COVID-19 in Kermanshah province is an indication of the effectiveness of preventive and interventive programmes such as quarantine and isolation. Consequently, continuing these preventive measures is highly recommended. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2052297520300676 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100715 id: cord-263882-s5oxr6es author: Najar Nobar, Niloufar title: Patients with specific skin disorders who are affected by COVID‐19: what do experiences say about management strategies? : A systematic review date: 2020-06-18 words: 2543.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263882-s5oxr6es.txt summary: It seems that in patients with any severe and serious dermatologic disorders, under treatment with systemic agents, if there is not any suspicion about concurrent infection or any high risk exposures, not only it is not recommend to cessation therapy but only emphasize that these drugs could prevent disease flare-up and control cytokine storm that both in a negative direction, affect the COVID-19 course (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) . So in this systematic review we focused on specific patient groups with a dermatologic disorder (usually under therapy) that concomitantly have been infected by the new corona virus and summed up their data in all aspects of underlying and infectious disease course and management. At the time of the COVID-19, the biologic agents were discontinued except for one case (which was treated with Guselkumab) but the patients did not report any severe exacerbation of their underlying dermatologic disease despite treatment discontinuation. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: In patients with dermatologic disorders who are affected by new corona virus, we know little about course (underlying disease and new onset‐infection) and the most proper management strategies include both issues that are what this systematic review targets. METHOD: Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medscape and CEBD coronavirus dermatology resource of Nottingham University searched completely and initial 237 articles selected to further review and finally nine articles (including 12 patients) entered to this study. RESULT: from 12 patients with chronic underlying dermatologic disease treated with systemic therapies, only one patient required ICU admission, the others have been treated for mild‐ moderate symptoms with conventional therapies. The biologic or immunosuppressive/ Immunomodulator agents has been ceased during the course of disease. The course of COVID‐19 its management was as similar as normal populations. Their underlying dermatologic disease was exacerbating from mild to moderate. Their treatment has been continued as before, after the symptoms improved. CONCLUSION: Exacerbation of patients underlying dermatologic disease is mild‐ moderate. Discontinuing the treatment in the acute period of COVID and the restart after recovery may prevent severe recurrence in these patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32558193/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13867 id: cord-343691-sjz5og78 author: Nakajima, Kei title: Serious Conditions in COVID-19 Accompanied With a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome date: 2020-05-08 words: 1224.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343691-sjz5og78.txt summary: Retrospective research has shown that COVID-19 is frequently observed in people with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , which are pivotal components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risks based on excess visceral fat. In recent decades, many investigators have convincingly shown that people with obesity, prediabetes, diabetes and MetS are at increased risk for impaired lung function, and especially impaired restrictive lung pattern [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] , which is primarily determined by reduced predicted forced vital capacity. In patients with any of the specific metabolic abnormalities of MetS, pre-existing impaired lung function can predispose them to SARS-CoV-2 infection and even accelerate it, potentially worsening the condition. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489501/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4187 id: cord-286146-im42752g author: Nakamura, Hiroki title: Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-01 words: 3287.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286146-im42752g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286146-im42752g.txt summary: The study''s most important contribution is the calculation of the overall relative risk of the importation and exportation of COVID-19 from every airport in local municipalities around the world, based on global spatial and mapping information. Importantly, the exportation risk of the disease from some airports in China, Iran, and European countries has a higher global spread than the importation risk during the pandemic stage. Therefore, the most important contribution of this study is its assessment of both importation and exportation risk of COVID-19 spread via air travel from/to world airports based on the confirmed disease, air travel, and population data. The risks of importation and exportation of COVID-19 were calculated based on origin-destination (OD) annual air travel flows (Fig. 1) . This study calculated the overall relative risk of importation and exportation of COVID-19 from/to every airport in local municipalities around the world based on existing studies and global spatial and mapping information. abstract: On March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the spread of the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, as a pandemic on the basis of “alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction.” Hence, it is urgent and imperative to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 for as many global locations as possible. This study calculates the relative risk of the importation and exportation of the COVID-19 virus. The study's most important contribution is the calculation of the overall relative risk of the importation and exportation of COVID-19 from every airport in local municipalities around the world, based on global spatial and mapping information. Three scenarios of air travel restriction are considered, and the change in the risk of importation and exportation of COVID-19 is calculated. The relative risk of importation and exportation of COVID-19 clearly shows that not only China, Europe, Middle East, and East Asia, but also the U.S., Australia, and countries in northeast Asia and Latin America are subject to risk. Further, a larger reduction in air travel through airports in a large part of the cumulative incidence area would lead to a gradual decrease in the risk flow. Importantly, the exportation risk of the disease from some airports in China, Iran, and European countries has a higher global spread than the importation risk during the pandemic stage. Therefore, every airport, or government with airports in their jurisdiction, should implement strict countermeasures. It is also indispensable for these countries to undertake countermeasures for COVID-19, such as home quarantine within each country and restricting infected or suspected individuals from flying on airplanes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018 doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018 id: cord-331155-jkm4fuw4 author: Nakashima, Akiko title: Virus database annotations assist in tracing information on patients infected with emerging pathogens date: 2020-10-08 words: 3868.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331155-jkm4fuw4.txt summary: Here, we evaluated the applicability of public database annotations to estimate the virulence, transmission trends and origins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. COVID-19 presents varied symptomatic features [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] with a wide range of incubation periods and epidemic curves J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 are occurring [21] , [22] , the pathogenicity and origins of the mutated substrains of SARS-CoV-2 should be available in real time to adopt early measures by authorities at the onset of emergence. We examined the nucleotide mutations and visualized the transmission trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 by consulting the world specimens registered in the virus data bank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [32] . Collectively, the annotations in the virus genome database are of fundamental use to hypothesize the pathogenicity and to trace the transmission route at the early phase of emergence of the new substrains. abstract: The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 has disrupted human social activities. In restarting economic activities, successive outbreaks by new variants are concerning. Here, we evaluated the applicability of public database annotations to estimate the virulence, transmission trends and origins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Among the detectable multiple mutations, we retraced the mutation in the spike protein. With the aid of the protein database, structural modelling yielded a testable scientific hypothesis on viral entry to host cells. Simultaneously, annotations for locations and collection dates suggested that the variant virus emerged somewhere in the world in approximately February 2020, entered the USA and propagated nationwide with periodic sampling fluctuation likely due to an approximately 5-day incubation delay. Thus, public database annotations are useful for automated elucidation of the early spreading patterns in relation to human behaviours, which should provide objective reference for local governments for social decision making to contain emerging substrains. We propose that additional annotations for past paths and symptoms of the patients should further assist in characterizing the exact virulence and origins of emerging pathogens. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235291482030592X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100442 id: cord-266377-3krv9ekb author: Nakayachi, Kazuya title: Why Do Japanese People Use Masks Against COVID-19, Even Though Masks Are Unlikely to Offer Protection From Infection? date: 2020-08-04 words: 2525.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt summary: In our survey, we examined six possible psychological reasons for wearing masks: three involved individuals'' perception of the severity of the disease and the efficacy of masks in reducing the infection risks both for themselves and for others; the remaining three involved other psychological driving forces. By contrast, frequency of mask usage depended much less on the participants'' perceived severity of the disease and the efficacy of masks in reducing infection risk both for themselves and for others. Even though the expectation of risk reduction (personal or collective) explained only small portion of mask usage, motivations superficially irrelevant to disease mitigation strongly promoted mask-wearing behavior; conformity to the social norm was the most prominent driving force for wearing masks. Despite these limitations, this study has empirically revealed that the expectation of risk reduction does not greatly promote mask-wearing countermeasures against COVID-19, suggesting that the nudge approach (i.e., taking advantage of people''s conformity) may be more promising. abstract: Wearing masks against 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is beneficial in suppressing pandemic spread, not through preventing the wearer from being infected but by preventing the wearer from infecting others. Despite not providing much protection, the custom of wearing masks has prevailed in East Asia from the early stages of the pandemic, especially in Japan, to such an extent that it caused a shortfall in supply. Why do many Japanese people wear masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, even though masks are unlikely to prevent them from getting infected? We examined six possible psychological reasons for wearing masks: three involved expectations about the risk of infection and three involved other driving psychological forces. The results of our nationwide survey revealed that people conformed to societal norms in wearing masks and felt relief from anxiety when wearing masks. However, risk reduction expectations did not affect mask usage. The social psychological motivations successfully explained much about mask usage. Our findings suggest that policymakers responsible for public health should consider social motivations when implementing public strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849127/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01918 id: cord-337878-hiylqqie author: Namasivayam, Abirami title: Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date: 2020-09-14 words: 2519.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337878-hiylqqie.txt summary: To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. abstract: The effect of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 on the paediatric population remains an evolving mystery. Early reports from China stated that children seem to be unharmed by its dangerous effects, yet more recently there has been evidence of a systemic inflammatory response in a small number of children who are affected. We discuss a 5-week-old male infant who presented atypically with severe COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. This case has generated several learning points with regard to atypical presentations of COVID-19 and identifying a potential cohort of ‘at risk’ infants. We also highlight a number of new challenges that have arisen for paediatricians and anaesthetists providing airway management for infants with SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928837/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237142 id: cord-294672-hcjxcn1n author: Namineni, Srinivas title: Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 617.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294672-hcjxcn1n.txt summary: title: Practice of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry during and after the COVID-19 pandemic Despite the guidelines, there seems to be a deficiency in dental care around the usage of additional sedation with nitrous oxide. This letter is intended to shed light on care to be taken while using inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide in dental practice. Universally accepted safety methods involving the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and surface disinfection methods are strictly recommended in dental practice while using inhalation sedation. With a proper nasal seal, and the hood and the rubber dam isolating the mouth, salivary contamination should significantly reduce contamination from aerosols. Because it is based on an inhalational route that involves the respiratory tract, lungs, and alveoli for gaseous exchange, respiratory anatomy and physiology have a significant influence on nitrous oxide sedation [3] . Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in dentistry: An overview of its applications and safety profile abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934992/ doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.4.261 id: cord-310207-lfub6y5m author: Nanda, Satyan title: Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India date: 2020-09-16 words: 1314.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310207-lfub6y5m.txt summary: title: Covid-19 associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Contrasting tale of four patients from a tertiary care centre in India OBJECTIVE: In this brief communication we report four cases of Covid-19 who presented to our hospital with features suggestive of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). DISCUSSION: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurologic damage are multifaceted, including direct damage to specific receptors, cytokine-related injury, secondary hypoxia, and retrograde travel along nerve fibres. One patient who presented with respiratory complaints and X-ray changes along with neurological deficits continued to deteriorate even after starting treatment for both GBS and Covid-19, and eventually succumbed to the disease. All our patients developed features of GBS, 5-10 days after the onset of Covid-19 symptoms, which is similar to the interval seen with Guillain-Barré syndrome that occurs secondary to other infections [9] . Atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19: a case of Guillain-Barrè Syndrome related to SARS-Cov-2 infection abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, more than 12 million people have been infected with COVID −19 infection till date with more than 500,000 fatalities. Although, Covid-19 commonly presents with marked respiratory symptoms in the form of cough and dyspnoea, a neurotropic presentation has been described of late as well. OBJECTIVE: In this brief communication we report four cases of Covid-19 who presented to our hospital with features suggestive of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). DISCUSSION: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes neurologic damage are multifaceted, including direct damage to specific receptors, cytokine-related injury, secondary hypoxia, and retrograde travel along nerve fibres. The pathogenesis of GBS secondary to Covid-19 is not well understood. It is hypothesised that viral illnesses related GBS could be due to autoantibodies or direct neurotoxic effects of viruses. CONCLUSION: Nervous system involvement in Covid-19 may have been grossly underestimated. In this era of pandemic, it is very important for the physicians to be aware of association of GBS with Covid-19, as early diagnosis and treatment of this complication could have gratifying results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case series of Guillain-Barre Syndrome associated with Covid-19 to be reported from India. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720308238?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.029 id: cord-338341-bywxb8e4 author: Nanda, Tavish title: A Measured Approach to Inpatient Ophthalmologic Screening in the COVID-19 Era: A Multicenter Perspective date: 2020-08-07 words: 863.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338341-bywxb8e4.txt summary: With hospital 34 systems attempting to limit spread amongst their own workforce and the added effort of 35 minimizing non-urgent interventions, ophthalmology has found itself tasked with optimizing 36 care while performing a new risk-benefit analysis on virus transmissibility and patient/physician 37 exposure. A screening examination for ocular findings is one of the most common ophthalmologic 42 inpatient consultations for any patient that develops a Candida bloodstream infection 43 (candidemia). These findings appear consistent with several institutional experiences, including New Outside of candidemia, it is important to analyze the physician''s role in all screening 70 examinations, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, pre-lung transplant clearance, and 71 ocular lymphoma. Utility of ophthalmologic screening for 125 patients with Candida bloodstream infections: a systematic review Clinical utility of pre-transplant ophthalmic 144 consultation for lung transplant recipients: implications in the COVID-19 pandemic era abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777228/ doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.003 id: cord-333296-mvbwrb6o author: Nandi, Santosh title: Redesigning Supply Chains using Blockchain-Enabled Circular Economy and COVID-19 Experiences date: 2020-10-16 words: 11146.0 sentences: 600.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333296-mvbwrb6o.txt summary: Using a blockchain technology (BCT)-enabled circular economy (CE) platform for shared leasing, firms could redistribute their new and excess inventory supplies regionally and normalize panic purchases at local grocery stores. We use the perspectives of circularity economy-based resource management and blockchain technology as an approach for identification and finding future opportunities for improvement of sustainability and supply chains (Zhu et al., 2019; Narayan and Tidstrom, 2020) . We believe this tool, along with other technological and social innovations, can further transition CE to its potential by enhancing supply chain digitization and agility; especially from a sustainability perspective (Saberi et al., 2019) ; it can also support the joint global-local glocalization situation . In the second column of each table, we offer information on how a blockchain technology-enabled circular economy approach can be used to support the supply chain LAD efforts learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed businesses and societies to the shortfalls of normal patterns of production, consumption, and their long-lasting impact on supply chains. In this opinion paper, we provide insights from the COVID-19 pandemic for making supply chains more resilient, transparent, and sustainable. These insights include supply chains needing to develop localization, agility, and digitization (LAD) characteristics. We link LAD to a potential solution using blockchain technology and circular economy principle capabilities. Use cases are used to show how blockchain-enabled circular economy practices can support supply chain LAD efforts. Supply chain tracking, tracing, and responsiveness can be supported blockchain-enabled circular economy practices. One result of identifying these relationships include solutions and insights at multiple levels and stakeholders – individual, organizational, supply chain, governmental, and community. These crisis-related observations and findings set a future research foundation for sustainable production and consumption. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.019 doi: 10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.019 id: cord-254687-g9tptfna author: Nani, Fernando Souza title: Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-08-28 words: 790.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254687-g9tptfna.txt summary: title: Ulcer pressure prevention and opportunity for innovation during the COVID-19 crisis Along with the regular risk of pressure ulcers in sacral and bony prominences, frequent prone positioning during COVID-19 treatment poses an additional risk (2, 3) . In view of this scenario and to arrive at a quick solution, Hospital das Clínicas, Escola Politécnica, and Universidade de São Paulo Innovative Centers entered into a public-private partnership aiming at identifying, testing, and producing cushions in a short period of time. The unpretentious idea of producing new cushions triggered the processes for developing guidelines for prone positioning, prevention of bedsores, and early identification and treatment of pressure injuries. The Innovative Centers from Instituto Central of HCFMUSP and the University of São Paulo had the opportunity to challenge themselves in coordinating intra-and extra-hospital teams that had never communicated with each other before, with the objective of approving and finalizing a project in record time, considering the peculiarities of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissibility. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2292 doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2292 id: cord-270518-750vhgwo author: Nappi, Carmela title: Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging for ischemic heart disease date: 2020-08-11 words: 3041.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270518-750vhgwo.txt summary: RESULTS: The number of stress SPECT-MPI studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 123) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) compared with the mean yearly number of procedures performed in the corresponding months of the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 (n = 413). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) work-up for ischemic heart disease during the lockdown imposed by the Italian Government [7] . Our data also show that while patients with abnormal stress SPECT-MPI findings during the previous years 2017-2019 were older with higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension compared with those with normal imaging results, during pandemic COVID-19 outbreak, there was no difference between patients with normal and abnormal tests as regards to these clinical risk factors. abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for ischemic heart disease during the lockdown imposed by the Italian Government. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the number and the findings of stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-MPI performed between February and May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Napoli Federico II. The number and the findings of stress SPECT-MPI studies acquired in the corresponding months of the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 were also evaluated for direct comparison. RESULTS: The number of stress SPECT-MPI studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 123) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) compared with the mean yearly number of procedures performed in the corresponding months of the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 (n = 413). Yet, the percentage of abnormal stress SPECT-MPI studies was similar (P = 0.65) during the pandemic (36%) compared with the mean percentage value of the corresponding period of the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 (34%). CONCLUSION: The number of stress SPECT-MPI studies was significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the corresponding months of the previous 3 years. The lack of difference in the prevalence of abnormal SPECT-MPI studies between the two study periods strongly suggests that many patients with potentially abnormal imaging test have been missed during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04994-6 doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04994-6 id: cord-277098-nxetsw13 author: Naqos, N. title: The study of physical and mental distress among cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-30 words: 1643.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277098-nxetsw13.txt summary: The European Society of Medical Oncology and the Portuguese Health Authority recommended both a symptomatic survey and laboratory testing in all cancer patients (pts) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment (IT). The impact of this intervention was evaluated comparing the hospitalization rate of cancer pts due to COVID-19, before and after the introduction of RT-PCR testing. Among all COVID-19 hospitalizations, the prevalence of pts under IT was similar before and after the implementation of the RT-PCR testing (2.2% vs. Methods: 123 cancer patients hospitalised to receive chemotherapy at the oncology centre of the University Hospital of Marrakech were included from 23 March to 11 May 2020. Conclusions: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the vast majority of cancer patients (more than half) in our study developed anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19 infection. Egypt Background: Treatment of stage IV cancer during COVID19 pandemic is a challenge, and we need to maintain survival benefit, patient safety, and health care resources at the same time. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753420418344 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1838 id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy author: Naqvi, Zainab Batul title: A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 words: 8598.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301000-ozm5f5dy.txt summary: For us, this has recently manifested in a collective statement on publishing and open access, which we have jointly produced and signed with several other intersectional feminist and social justice journal editorial boards. This is exhibited in our recent work to imagine what a life after existing models of open access could and should look like with our colleagues from other feminist and social justice journals (see below). • replacing the values of efficiency, transparency and compliance with those of equality, diversity, solidarity, care and inclusion • providing a more sustainable and equitable ecological economics of scholarly publishing in tune with social and environmental justice • working collectively and collaboratively rather than competitively • thinking and acting internationally, rather than through parochial national or regional policies • working across publishing and the academy with a view to responsible householding and accountability in both sectors • seeking to work across funding and institutional barriers, including between STEM and AHSS scholars • seeking further collaborations and partnerships in order to build new structures (disciplines, ethics, processes and practices of scholarship including peer review, citation, impact, engagement and metrics) and infrastructures to support a more healthy and diverse publishing ecology • challenging the technologisation and systematisation of research by working to increase our visibility as editors and academics making us and our publications more accessible and approachable for those who are minoritised in academic publishing abstract: It has been quite a year so far(!) and as the wenches we are, we have been taking our time to collect our thoughts and reflections before sharing them at the start of this issue of the journal. In this editorial we think through the COVID-19 pandemic and its devastating effects on the world, on our lives and on our editorial processes. We renew our commitment to improving our operations as a journal and its health along with our own as we deploy wench tactics to restore, sustain and slow down to negotiate this new reality, this new world. We conclude with an introduction to the fascinating contents of this issue along with a collaborative statement of values on open access as part of a collective of intersectional feminist and social justice editors. Through all of the pain and suffering we focus our gaze on hope: hope that we can come through this global crisis together engaging in critical conversations about how we can be better and do better as editors, academics and individuals for ourselves, our colleagues and our journal. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32921935/ doi: 10.1007/s10691-020-09435-1 id: cord-287505-ihqzpdar author: Narain, Sonali title: Comparative Survival Analysis of Immunomodulatory Therapy for COVID-19 ''Cytokine Storm'' date: 2020-10-17 words: 3650.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287505-ihqzpdar.txt summary: Patients were subdivided into six groups—no immunomodulatory treatment (standard of care) and five groups that received either corticosteroids, anti-interleukin 6 antibody (tocilizumab) or anti-interleukin-1 therapy (anakinra) alone or in combination with corticosteroids. Furthermore, corticosteroid use either alone or in combination with tocilizumab or anakinra was associated with reduced hospital mortality for patients with COVID-19 cytokine storm compared to standard of care. In this retrospective study, we leveraged this natural experiment to compare mortality in patients meeting criteria for CCS who received different combinations of these immunomodulatory drugs. Primary objective: To compare in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients with CCS who received combinations of immunomodulatory treatments versus SoC. Our study is the largest retrospective analysis to date reporting on outcomes comparing the use of immunomodulatory therapies such as corticosteroids, tocilizumab and anakinra in the treatment of COVID-19 CCS. Corticosteroid use, either alone or in combination with tocilizumab or anakinra, was associated with lower hospital mortality compared to standard of care. abstract: Background Cytokine storm is a marker of COVID-19 illness severity and increased mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments have been repurposed to improve mortality outcomes. Research Question To identify if immunomodulatory therapies improve survival in patients with COVID-19 cytokine storm. Study Design and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic health records across the Northwell Health system. COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 1, 2020 and April 24, 2020 were included. Cytokine storm was defined by inflammatory markers: ferritin >700ng/mL, C-reactive protein >30mg/dL or lactate dehydrogenase >300U/L. Patients were subdivided into six groups—no immunomodulatory treatment (standard of care) and five groups that received either corticosteroids, anti-interleukin 6 antibody (tocilizumab) or anti-interleukin-1 therapy (anakinra) alone or in combination with corticosteroids. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Results 5,776 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (44-59%), diabetes (32-46%) and cardiovascular disease (5-14%). Patients most frequently met criteria with high lactate dehydrogenase (76.2%) alone or in combination, followed by ferritin (63.2%) and C-reactive protein (8.4%). More than 80% of patients had an elevated D-dimer. Patients treated with corticosteroids and tocilizumab combination had lower mortality compared to standard of care (Hazard Ratio (HR):0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.55; p<0.0001) and when compared to corticosteroids alone (HR:0.66, 95%CI: 0.53-0.83; p-value=0.004), or in combination with anakinra (HR:0.64, 95%CI:0.50-0.81; p-value=0.003) . Corticosteroids when administered alone (HR:0.66, 95%CI:0.57-0.76; p<0.0001) or in combination with tocilizumab (HR:0.43, 95%CI:0.35-0.55; p<0.0001) or anakinra (HR:0.68, 95%CI:0.57-0.81; p<0.0001) improved hospital survival compared to standard of care. Interpretation The combination of corticosteroids with tocilizumab had superior survival outcome when compared to standard of care and corticosteroids alone or in combination with anakinra. Furthermore, corticosteroid use either alone or in combination with tocilizumab or anakinra was associated with reduced hospital mortality for patients with COVID-19 cytokine storm compared to standard of care. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.275 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.275 id: cord-292423-jupcit75 author: Narkhede, Rohan R. title: Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences date: 2020-06-17 words: 2709.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292423-jupcit75.txt summary: With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We proposed some natural products including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene as potential candidate for exerting the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using molecular docking study. The results acquired after docking analysis in terms of ligand binding affinity (kcal/mol), the interaction of natural products with the COVID-19 main protease, and the drug-like properties were shown in (Table 1 ). A promising binding to the COVID-19 main protease was observed in the case of rhein and berberine where both natural products were found to exhibit an affinity of − 8.9 and − 8.1 kcal/mol respectively. abstract: ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in the back of December 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32557405/ doi: 10.1007/s13659-020-00253-1 id: cord-348458-dwj90mbq author: Narula, Nupoor title: Cardiology Practice and Training Post-COVID-19: Achieving “Normalcy” After Disruption date: 2020-06-22 words: 1870.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348458-dwj90mbq.txt summary: 4 Theories abound on 34 whether the decrease in MI represents an actual reduction with at-risk individuals 35 abstaining from triggers or whether patients are avoiding the health care system 36 and infarcting at home. Hospital systems and private practices have suffered considerable 77 financial losses in prioritizing care for COVID-19 patients coupled with a 78 precipitous decline in elective procedures. The bipartisan CARES legislation has 79 allocated at least 50 billion dollars to support hospital systems and health care 80 providers 11 , and private physician offices and faculty practices are eligible to 81 apply for several loan-based programs, including the Paycheck Protection 82 While none of us have 163 absolute foresight, we must learn from the harsh lessons faced and plan for 164 medical changes, including the deluge of cardiac care patients that will fill our 165 clinics, flexibility of FIT education to support cardiovascular training, and 166 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32703519/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.036 id: cord-027905-edb9yozz author: Narula, Rajneesh title: Policy opportunities and challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic for economies with large informal sectors date: 2020-06-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In the developing world, the informal economy can account for as much as 80% of the population. I focus on the urban component of informality, where both informal employment and informal enterprises are especially vulnerable to the pandemic-induced economic shock. I explain the complex nature of informality, some of the reasons for its persistence and its interdependency with the formal economy, especially in the manufacturing sector, through global value chains (GVCs). Large firms (whether MNEs or domestic firms) sub-contract considerable activity to informal enterprises, but this is precarious in character. I suggest the crisis provides the circumstances for greater active engagement with informal actors, by placing informal enterprises on a par with formal firms within industrial policy. I propose integration and registration, as opposed to formalisation, and the provision of state support without taxation. The role of the state is also crucial in matchmaking, creating incentives for GVCs to engage with informal actors systematically, and to reduce the transaction costs for informal actors in such engagement. These actions are likely to provide benefits in the longer run, even if they prove costly in the short run. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316424/ doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00059-5 id: cord-300471-osbp6eau author: Naruse, Keiko title: Does glycemic control rescue type 2 diabetic patients from COVID‐19‐related deaths? date: 2020-06-10 words: 609.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300471-osbp6eau.txt summary: They found higher risks of increased severity of pneumonia and mortality with increased inflammatory responses including higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and coagulation index, D-dimer, than in COVID-19 patients without other comorbidities, including diabetes (n=26) ( Next the authors divided type 2 diabetes group into two further group; well-controlled blood glucose (BG) group (median BG 6.4 mM, glycemic variability ranged from 3.9 to 10.0 mM) and poorly-controlled BG group (median BG 10.9 mM, lowest blood glucose; above or equal 3.9 mM and the highest 2h postprandial glucose; exceed 10.0 mM). They found that the necessity of medical interventions and the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19 was increased by the poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Poorly-controlled BG-related vascular endothelial dysfunction might be involved in the increased mortality of diabetic patients with COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which induced the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), mainly invades respiratory tract and lung. Severe cases infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which leads to death in some cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521120/ doi: 10.1111/jdi.13320 id: cord-035380-qfvskz9n author: Nasajpour, Mohammad title: Internet of Things for Current COVID-19 and Future Pandemics: an Exploratory Study date: 2020-11-12 words: 7967.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035380-qfvskz9n.txt summary: One example of this device is the Pandemic Drone application developed by a Canadian company [97] for remote monitoring and detecting any cases of infection by capturing temperature, respiratory signs such as heart rate, and any sneezing or coughing [98, 99] . Using robots linked to IoT to assist early diagnosis is a remarkable use of these devices because they can help health workers by processing patients'' treatments and lowering work stress levels [107] . Smartphone applications enabled with IoT using information such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for tracking purposes have been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to increase the chance of detecting infected people [60] . We reviewed the IoT-related technologies and their implementations in three phases, including "Early Diagnosis," "Quarantine Time," and "After Recovery." For each phase, we evaluated the role of IoT-enabled/linked technologies including wearables, drones, robots, IoT buttons, and smartphone applications in combating COVID-19. abstract: In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained convincing research ground as a new research topic in a wide variety of academic and industrial disciplines, especially in healthcare. The IoT revolution is reshaping modern healthcare systems by incorporating technological, economic, and social prospects. It is evolving healthcare systems from conventional to more personalized healthcare systems through which patients can be diagnosed, treated, and monitored more easily. The current global challenge of the pandemic caused by the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 presents the greatest global public health crisis since the pandemic influenza outbreak of 1918. At the time this paper was written, the number of diagnosed COVID-19 cases around the world had reached more than 31 million. Since the pandemic started, there has been a rapid effort in different research communities to exploit a wide variety of technologies to combat this worldwide threat, and IoT technology is one of the pioneers in this area. In the context of COVID-19, IoT-enabled/linked devices/applications are utilized to lower the possible spread of COVID-19 to others by early diagnosis, monitoring patients, and practicing defined protocols after patient recovery. This paper surveys the role of IoT-based technologies in COVID-19 and reviews the state-of-the-art architectures, platforms, applications, and industrial IoT-based solutions combating COVID-19 in three main phases, including early diagnosis, quarantine time, and after recovery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7659418/ doi: 10.1007/s41666-020-00080-6 id: cord-351040-j3ltpaa0 author: Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza title: Encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis date: 2020-10-28 words: 1388.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351040-j3ltpaa0.txt summary: Herein, a 34-year-old patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement has been reported. Although the result of the COVID-19 test in CSF was negative, the patient was treated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 encephalitis. Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2 was negative in CSF, the patient was treated with a diagnosis of the encephalitis caused by COVID-19 due to the exclusion of other causes. Due to improving the neurological conditions, the patient was diagnosed with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) caused by COVID-19 (Hayashi et al. In addition to patients with encephalitis, the cases with encephalopathy are reported due to causes other than the direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we reported a patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement. Before developing COVID-19, the patient Fig. 1 a, b Brain MRI revealed multiple confluent lesions with gadolinium enhancements. abstract: From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemics, the involvement of patient’s nervous system with this virus is increasingly reporting. Although various reports are published on affliction of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with SARS-CoV-2, no report has been published on brain involvement by this virus in MS patients so far. Herein, a 34-year-old patient with MS who experienced the decreased level of consciousness and encephalopathy following COVID-19 involvement has been reported. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00921-5 doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00921-5 id: cord-285384-xay5aw7y author: Naser, A. Y. title: Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-11 words: 4194.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt summary: Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 nd and 28 th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the GP, HCPs, and USs during the outbreak of COVID-19. University students, females, younger population (18-29 years), single and divorced, participants who completed their bachelor degree (from the GP), with lower-income category (500 JD and below), pulmonologist and ENT specialists (for HCPs), participants with no history of chronic diseases (for the GP and USs) tend to have higher depression and anxiety median scores compared to others. abstract: Background: The emergence of COVID-19 global pandemic coupled with high transmission rate and mortality has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. This global situation may have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of individuals which in turn impacts individuals performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety among the study participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the entire study participants was 23.8% and 13.1%, respectively. Anxiety was most prevalent across university students 21.5%, followed by healthcare professionals 11.3%, and general population 8.8%. Females among healthcare professionals and university students, divorced healthcare professionals, pulmonologists, and university students with history of chronic disease were at higher risk of developing depression. Females, divorced participants among the general population, and university students with history of chronic disease and those with high income ([≥]1500 JD) were at higher risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: During outbreaks, individuals are put under extreme stressful condition resulting in higher risk of developing anxiety and depression particularly for students and healthcare professionals. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide further mental support to these vulnerable groups during this pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.09.20056374v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20056374 id: cord-319908-10b7de22 author: Naser, Abdallah Y title: Knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 during its outbreak: a multinational cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-17 words: 3992.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319908-10b7de22.txt summary: Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted between 19 th of March and 06 th of April 2020 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. Participants'' knowledge scores significantly differed by country, age, marital status, education level, and whether they wear mask upon leaving home or not (p<0.05). Both males and females showed similar levels of knowledge about COVIDHigher COVID-19 knowledge scores were found to be significantly associated with age and educational attainment, which is in line with the study conducted in China during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). Findings of this study suggest that Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. abstract: Background: The emergence of COVID-19 globally coupled with its unknown aetiology and its high transmission rate has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. Public knowledge and awareness about COVID-19 are essential in suppressing its pandemic status. Method: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between 19th of March and 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of Middle Eastern population towards COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was used. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge. Results: A total of 1,208 participants were involved in this study from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females and aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge with a mean score of 7.93 (SD = 1.72) out of 12, 66.1%. Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control with 83.0%, whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p<0.01). Conclusion: Middle Eastern participants are of a relatively low level of knowledge about COVID-19, particularly regarding its transmission routes. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns targeted specifically towards university students, unemployed individuals and those with lower levels of education. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063560 id: cord-314085-y59a27oy author: Nash, David B. title: New Normal for Medical Practice Post COVID-19? date: 2020-10-01 words: 440.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314085-y59a27oy.txt summary: Already an accepted mode of health care delivery in the United States, there is convincing evidence that telehealth is efficient, effective, and beneficial for specific uses and patient populations. A substantial population of women with symptoms of vaginitis make up to 10 million outpatient visits per year 2 with associated costs approaching $1.3 billion. 3 The current standard of care calls for a visual examination of external and internal structures as well as vaginal secretions, a ''''whiff test'''' to detect distinctive odors associated with specific infections, and on-site pH and wet mount diagnostic tests. To me, the implications are clear: it is time to reconsider how best to approach care for this patient population under ''''the new normal'''' conditions. There is an obvious synergy between telehealth visits and state-of-the-art molecular technology that can be leveraged to improve the efficiency and accuracy of care we provide to women with vaginitis. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2020.29003.nas doi: 10.1089/pop.2020.29003.nas id: cord-341156-dw15n4f4 author: Nash, Meredith title: Caring during COVID‐19: A gendered analysis of Australian university responses to managing remote working and caring responsibilities date: 2020-06-02 words: 7051.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341156-dw15n4f4.txt summary: Findings suggest that during the pandemic, the Australian higher education sector positions decisions about caring leave and participation in the paid labour force as ''private'' matters in which employees (mainly women) design their own ''solutions'' when compared with international institutional counterparts. The lack of adequate social policy supports like free universal childcare combined with short school days means that Australian women are constantly juggling paid work and caring responsibilities. We argue that COVID-19 provides an another context in which universities have evaded their responsibility to ensure women''s full participation in the labour force via the introduction of ''family-friendly'' flexible working policies which put the onus on families to make choices about how to do paid work and care for children. 90% of the top 10 international universities (n = 9) according to the 2020 Times Higher Education World rankings had public information about remote working arrangements for This article is protected by copyright. abstract: COVID‐19 is dramatically reconfiguring paid work and care. Emerging evidence in the global media suggests that academic women with caring responsibilities are being proportionately impacted. This article fills a key knowledge gap by examining how Australian universities are supporting academics to manage remote work and caring during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We conducted a desktop analysis of public information about remote working and care from 41 Australian universities and compared them to the world’s top 10 ranked universities. Findings suggest that during the pandemic, the Australian higher education sector positions decisions about caring leave and participation in the paid labour force as ‘private’ matters in which employees (mainly women) design their own ‘solutions’ when compared with international institutional counterparts. We argue that COVID‐19 provides another context in which universities have evaded their responsibility to ensure women’s full participation in the labour force. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12484 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12484 id: cord-291190-f6km3c7z author: Nasi, Aikaterini title: Reactive oxygen species as an initiator of toxic innate immune responses in retort to SARS-CoV-2 in an ageing population, consider N-acetylcysteine as early therapeutic intervention date: 2020-06-18 words: 2999.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291190-f6km3c7z.txt summary:  SARS-CoV has been reported to modulate PARP function and thereby NAD+ biosynthesis  Cellular homeostasis and redox imbalances by SARS-CoV2 can cause stress responses  Antioxidants such as NAC could limit ROS mediated tissue damage during COVID-19 Hereby, based on literature review from the current pandemic and previous outbreaks with corona viruses we analyze the impact of the virus infection on cell stress responses and redox balance. PLA2G2D expression was shown to be increased in the lungs of middle aged mice, resulting in decreased survival and impaired T cell responses upon infection with SARS-CoV1 [20] . Interestingly, NAC administration to aged mice, diminished PLAG2D expression in both lung cells and CD11c+ DCs. In addition, increased levels of oxidized phospholipidsare a common feature associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by viruses including SARS and H5N1. abstract: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a need for evaluation of already available drugs for treatment of the disease is crucial. Hereby, based on literature review from the current pandemic and previous outbreaks with corona viruses we analyze the impact of the virus infection on cell stress responses and redox balance. High levels of mortality are noticed in elderly individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 and during the previous SARS-CoV1 outbreak. Elderly individuals maintain a chronic low level of inflammation which is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production, a condition that increases the severity of viral infections in this population. SARS-CoV2 infection can lead to alterations of redox balance in infected cells through modulation of NAD + biosynthesis, PARP function along with altering proteasome and mitochondrial function in the cell thereby leading to enhanced cell stress responses which further exacerbate inflammation. ROS production can increase IL-6 production and lipid peroxidation resulting in cell damage. Therefore, early treatment with anti-oxidants such as NAC during COVID-19 can be a way to bypass the excessive inflammation and cell damage that lead to severe infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221475002030336X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.003 id: cord-354861-b04ch0o3 author: Nasir, E. F. title: Study of the Sudanese perceptions of COVID-19: Applying the Health Belief Model. date: 2020-05-29 words: 4813.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354861-b04ch0o3.txt summary: Implementation of public health measures should be based on the understanding of the public''s perceptions, beliefs, and attitude; therefore, this study aimed to explore the roles of perceived threat (perceived susceptibility and perceived severity), benefits, and barriers on the health preventive measures towards COVID-19 among Sudanese population. The survey instrument was based on HBM constructs of self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity to COVID-19 benefits from and barriers to the preventive measures (17) , beside socio-demographic characteristics, health-related information and COVID-19 related-history. Besides, exploring the barriers and benefits of the preventive measures (hand hygiene and social distancing) recommended by health authorities in Sudan using HBM. The higher the levels of perceived barriers of social distancing and hand hygiene, the more likely participants were to perceive high self-efficacy, and this is not in accordance to other studies in which negative relation where established between these constructs (36, 37) . abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 a pandemic declared by WHO is the first in recent history pose challenges on public health. Health Belief Model is a psychosocial model explains and predicts health-related behaviours. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of the Sudanese on COVID-19-related preventive measures. Methods A Cross-sectional study using online-questionnaire was conducted between 1st-16th April 2020 among Sudanese adults. We used a snowball sampling technique starting from known professional and social media groups and individuals and then was distributed on various internet platforms. The survey instrument was based on HBM constructs. Results Some 877 individuals participated in the survey with a mean age of 37.8 more males mostly having a university education employed and residing in Khartoum. More than half of the participants scored high in almost all Health Belief Model constructs except for benefits of hand hygiene. The findings show that the HBM constructs are correlated to each other as well as to other socio-demographic factors. Self-efficacy correlated negatively with susceptibility while positively with severity benefits of and barriers to hand hygiene, benefits and barriers to social distancing respectively. Conclusion The findings show that the HBM constructs are correlated to each other as well as to other socio-demographic factors. Self-efficacy must be taken into account as a strong changing factor to susceptibility and severity perceptions. Correlations found in this study might help drive behaviour-changing efforts. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.28.20115477v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115477 id: cord-285955-fzm6036f author: Nasir, N. title: Treatment of ARDS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 with IL-6 antagonist Tocilizumab: a tertiary care experience from Pakistan date: 2020-06-26 words: 2057.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285955-fzm6036f.txt summary: Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation which manifests as ARDS, multi-organ failure, and high inflammatory parameters. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from Feb 2020 to May 2020 on COVID-19 patients with ARDS and hyperinflammation characterized by raised CRP and/or ferritin. While limited studies from China have shown improved outcomes in COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation and ARDS 9 , a study from Italy did not show significant mortality benefit 10 . Hence, we would like to report our clinical experience of the management of ARDS and hyperinflammation with the IL-6 inhibitor Tocilizumab which will be the first from a lower-middle-income country (LMIC). We conducted an observational study describing patient outcomes in those critically ill patients of COVID-19 who received tocilizumab intravenously for hyperinflammation and ARDS. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality abstract: Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation which manifests as ARDS, multi-organ failure, and high inflammatory parameters. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 antagonist has been used in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with conflicting results from different parts of the world. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from Feb 2020 to May 2020 on COVID-19 patients with ARDS and hyperinflammation characterized by raised CRP and/or ferritin. A total of 244 patients with COVID-19 were admitted out of which 107 had ARDS. Thirty patients had both ARDS and hyperinflammation and received tocilizumab. The mean age was 62.5 years (SD: 13.5) and the majority were male (83%). The mean CRP pre-treatment was 217.5 mg/L and post 48 to 72 hours of tocilizumab treatment was 98.5 mg/L. Twenty-one patients (70%) also received concomitant intravenous methylprednisolone. Of the 30 patients, 7 died and 20 recovered. Ten patients required intensive care unit admission and nine developed nosocomial infections. COVID-19 associated aspergillosis was diagnosed in three patients post tocilizumab treatment. Mortality was significantly higher in patients who developed a nosocomial infection and who required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Our study is the first to describe the treatment outcomes with tocilizumab from a low-middle income country. The availability and cost of tocilizumab in our region which makes it imperative to understand its potential for use in our setting. Our study supports the use of tocilizumab in a select patient population with COVID-19 and recommends monitoring of nosocomial infections and opportunistic infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.20134072 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20134072 id: cord-144860-a4i9vnjz author: Nason, Guy P. title: Rapidly evaluating lockdown strategies using spectral analysis: the cycles behind new daily COVID-19 cases and what happens after lockdown date: 2020-04-16 words: 3904.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-144860-a4i9vnjz.txt summary: Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). However, we show that there are considerable and useful similarities in the underlying cyclic (spectral) behaviours of the numbers of new daily COVID-19 cases for a range of different countries (see Extended Data figures). Using data [2] from all of the countries we considered, our results show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases have three underlying cycles: one operating at a wavelength of 2.7 days, a second at 4.1 days and a third at 6.7 days, which we take to be a weekly effect. Given the similarity of the cycles across countries, this indicates that cases could be monitored and pooled across regions, over a short number of days to be fused into longer effective samples using the methods described here. abstract: Spectral analysis characterises oscillatory time series behaviours such as cycles, but accurate estimation requires reasonable numbers of observations. Current COVID-19 time series for many countries are short: pre- and post-lockdown series are shorter still. Accurate estimation of potentially interesting cycles within such series seems beyond reach. We solve the problem of obtaining accurate estimates from short time series by using recent Bayesian spectral fusion methods. Here we show that transformed new daily COVID-19 cases for many countries generally contain three cycles operating at wavelengths of around 2.7, 4.1 and 6.7 days (weekly). We show that the shorter cycles are suppressed after lockdown. The pre- and post lockdown differences suggest that the weekly effect is at least partly due to non-epidemic factors, whereas the two shorter cycles seem intrinsic to the epidemic. Unconstrained, new cases grow exponentially, but the internal cyclic structure causes periodic falls in cases. This suggests that lockdown success might only be indicated by four or more daily falls in cases. Spectral learning for epidemic time series contributes to the understanding of the epidemic process, helping evaluate interventions and assists with forecasting. Spectral fusion is a general technique that is able to fuse spectra recorded at different sampling rates, which can be applied to a wide range of time series from many disciplines. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07696v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-294651-iy0h2pyf author: Nasrallah, Ali A. title: A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis date: 2020-06-08 words: 3364.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294651-iy0h2pyf.txt summary: Abstract Background There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Randomized control trials (RCTs) are needed to provide unbiased evidence to guide the clinical care and public health practices aimed to control COVID-19 outbreak [16] . We included the following variables for our analysis: study ID, source register unique identifier, original registry, public title, primary sponsor, location (country and region), recruitment status, age range, gender, target size, study design, phase, publication (yes/no, count, and URL), intervention (category, subcategory, and name), primary outcomes, registration date, enrollment date, retrospective label, and trial URL. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial abstract: Abstract Background There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. Objectives To describe the characteristics of the currently registered clinical trials related to COVID-19. Methods We searched the World Health Organization (WHO)’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on May 15, 2020. We included any entry that is related to COVID-19. We abstracted then descriptively analyzed the following characteristics of the registered trials: study design, status, phase, primary endpoints, experimental interventions, and geographic location among other qualifiers. Results We identified 1,308 eligible registered trials. The majority of trials were initially registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (n= 703; 53.7%) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (n= 291; 22.2%). The number of participants to be enrolled across these trials was 734,657, with a median of 110 participants per trial. The most-commonly studied intervention category was pharmacologic (n=763; 58.3%), with antiparasitic medications being the most common subcategory. While over half of trials were already recruiting, we identified published peer-reviewed results for only 8 of those trials. Conclusion There is a relatively large number of registered trials but very few results published so far. While our findings suggest an appropriate initial response by the research community, the real challenge will be to get these trials completed, published, and translated into practice and policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.005 id: cord-274503-9ccgcrvd author: Nasta, Amrit Manik title: Impact of COVID-19 on General Surgical Practice in India date: 2020-06-26 words: 2157.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274503-9ccgcrvd.txt summary: A survey questionnaire was designed and electronically circulated 1 month after India entered a national lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, amongst members of Indian Association of Gastro-intestinal Endo-surgeons (IAGES), a surgical association with nearly eight thousand members from across the country. Amongst the respondents, 41.8% had mainly laparoscopic practice with mean outpatient consultation of 26 patients/day and elective surgeries of 43 cases/month prior to lockdown. Surgeons reported a mean outpatient consultation of 26 patients/day and elective surgeries 42 cases/month prior to lockdown. When asked about future concerns, most surgeons mentioned regarding the future of surgical practice in COVID era (78%), safety in laparoscopy (69%), and safety of staff (59% Fig. 2 Comparison of daily outpatient consultations (OPD) and monthly elective and emergency surgeries prior and postlockdown need for national and international guidelines for addressing these issues. Prior to COVID-19 lockdown in India, 42.2% surgeons in our survey mainly did laparoscopic practice. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis, and surgeons are at increased occupational risk of contracting COVID-19. The impact of the disease on prevalent general surgical practice is uncertain and continues to evolve. The study aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 on general surgical practice in India and the future implications of the pandemic. A survey questionnaire was designed and electronically circulated 1 month after India entered a national lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, amongst members of Indian Association of Gastro-intestinal Endo-surgeons (IAGES), a surgical association with nearly eight thousand members from across the country. Survey questions pertaining to pre-COVID era surgical practices, impact on current practice, and financial implications were asked. Responses were collected and statistically analyzed. One hundred fifty-three surgeons completed the survey, of which only 9.2% were women. Majority (41%) were into practice for more than 20 years; 36.6% were into private practice at multiple hospitals (free-lancers). Amongst the respondents, 41.8% had mainly laparoscopic practice with mean outpatient consultation of 26 patients/day and elective surgeries of 43 cases/month prior to lockdown. Post-lockdown, daily outpatient consults reduced to 4 patients per day, and 77% had not performed a single elective procedure. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) chemoprophylaxis was reported by 52% surgeons. Personal protective equipment (PPE) was used by 52% for all cases, while 71.5% stated there are insufficient guidelines for future surgical practice in terms of safety. A drop of more than 75% of their monthly income was experienced by 52% surgeons, while 22% faced 50–75% reduction. One third (33%) of respondents own a hospital and are expecting a monthly financial liability of 2.25 million rupees (nearly 30,000 US dollars). COVID-19 has led to a drastic reduction in outpatient and elective surgical practices. There is a definite need for guidelines regarding safety for future surgical practices and solutions to overcome the financial liabilities in the near future. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02443-0 doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02443-0 id: cord-352901-ia34l2ml author: Natalello, Gerlando title: Nailfold capillaroscopy findings in patients with coronavirus disease 19: Broadening the spectrum of covid-19 microvascular involvement() date: 2020-09-17 words: 3663.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352901-ia34l2ml.txt summary: This method is widely used in the rheumatology field for the diagnostic classification of vascular acro-syndromes, thanks to its ability to The present study aimed to assess microvasculature and to characterize NVC abnormalities in acute and recovered COVID-19 patients Furthermore, according to the semi-quantitative evaluation, the involvement of a percentage greater than 33% of all the capillaries analyzed was found for the following alterations: meandering capillaries in 10 (18.5%), enlarged capillaries in 3 (5.6%), capillary density below 9 capillaries per linear millimeter in 3 (5.6%) and microvascular derangement in 2 (3.7%) of the patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the presence of microvascular alterations evaluated by NVC in COVID-19 patients. We performed NVC and described in detail the morphological appearance in patients who needed hospital admission for COVID-19 pneumonia, in two different stages of the disease: patients still hospitalized with acute pneumonia, and patients already discharged and evaluated at outpatient clinics. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence points to endothelial dysfunction as a key pathophysiological factor in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). No specific methods have been identified to predict, detect and quantify the microvascular alterations during COVID-19. Our aim was to assess microvasculature through nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We performed NVC in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Elementary alterations were reported for each finger according to a semi-quantitative score. Capillary density, number of enlarged and giant capillaries, number of micro-hemorrhages and micro-thrombosis (NEMO score) were registered. RESULTS: We enrolled 82 patients (mean age 58.8 ± 13.2 years, male 68.3%) of whom 28 during the hospitalization and 54 after recovery and hospital discharge. At NVC examination we found abnormalities classifiable as non-specific pattern in 53 patients (64.6%). Common abnormalities were pericapillary edema (80.5%), enlarged capillaries (61.0%), sludge flow (53.7%), meandering capillaries and reduced capillary density (50.0%). No pictures suggestive of scleroderma pattern have been observed. Acute COVID-19 patients, compared to recovered patients, showed a higher prevalence of hemosiderin deposits as a result of micro-hemorrhages (P = .027) and micro-thrombosis (P < .016), sludge flow (P = .001), and pericapillary edema (P < .001), while recovered patients showed a higher prevalence of enlarged capillaries (P < .001), loss of capillaries (P = .002), meandering capillaries (P < .001), and empty dermal papillae (P = .006). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients present microvascular abnormalities at NVC. Currently ill and recovered subjects are characterized by a different distribution of elementary capillaroscopic alterations, resembling acute and post-acute microvascular damage. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical relevance of NVC in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104071 doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104071 id: cord-259269-hjmmn8xm author: Nattel, Stanley title: A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients date: 2020-04-25 words: 868.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259269-hjmmn8xm.txt summary: title: A Focus on Covid-19: Fast and Accurate Information to Guide Management for Pandemic-Related Issues in Cardiac Patients 1 For its part, the CJC has developed a strategy to allow rapid review, dissemination and publication of manuscripts related to Covid-19. These articles provide detailed guidance from the CCS and affiliate societies on cardiac surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic, 2 minimizing the risk of drug-induced long QT Syndrome with QT-prolonging drugs used to treat Covid-19, 3 and post-discharge cardiac rehabilitation needs during the pandemic. 5 This article carefully reviews epidemiology, public health control and management issues. Any society that attempts to reopen economic activity without careful public health controls risks seeing rapid reactivation of widespread infection and death. Cardiac surgery in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement from the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.029 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.029 id: cord-338896-relelmsm author: Naudin, Iris title: Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. date: 2020-10-17 words: 777.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338896-relelmsm.txt summary: title: Acute aorto-iliac occlusion in patient with COVID-19. We report a case of acute aorto-iliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. The mechanism of the occlusion seemed to be distal embolization from a floating thrombus in the aortic arch caused by a major inflammatory state and virus infection. The patient underwent aorto-iliac and lower limb artery mechanical thrombectomy but required unilateral major amputation. Completion arteriography showed left Aorto-iliac kissing stents and right popliteal artery were observed to be patent, but a recent small 20 renal infarction with no evidence of renal thrombus was present on the right side. It may be useful to know the level of AT in patients with COVID-19 with acute arterial 4 occlusion in order to manage anticoagulation treatment. Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 abstract: Coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is affecting almost every country in the world. Even if the major symptoms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are respiratory, different symptoms at presentation are now recognized. Venous thromboembolism has been reported in infected patients and few but increasing cases of arterial thrombosis have been described. We report a case of acute aorto-iliac and lower limb artery occlusions in a patient presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. The mechanism of the occlusion seemed to be distal embolization from a floating thrombus in the aortic arch caused by a major inflammatory state and virus infection. The patient underwent aorto-iliac and lower limb artery mechanical thrombectomy but required unilateral major amputation. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.10.018 id: cord-276264-wgzh3f5m author: Navlakha, S. title: Projecting COVID-19 disease severity in cancer patients using purposefully-designed machine learning date: 2020-08-25 words: 4665.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276264-wgzh3f5m.txt summary: Although previous studies have uncovered factors that increase risk of severe COVID-19 infection --e.g., older age, obesity, or pre-existing heart or lung disease [1] [2] [3] [4] --the clinical course and outcome of patients with COVID-19 illness remains variable and difficult for clinicians to predict. To help clinicians predict COVID-19 severity [5, 6] , we turned to robust machine learning methods to identify high-risk cancer patients based on their pre-existing conditions and initial clinical manifestations. In this study, we developed a model to predict clinical outcomes (level of oxygen support needed) in cancer patients, using only clinical variables that were available on or before COVID-19 diagnosis (called time zero). Previous machine learning studies have reported impressive performance predicting COVID-19 outcomes for non-cancer patients using only a few clinical variables. We used machine learning algorithms to identify clinical variables predictive of severe COVID-19 illness in cancer patients at time zero. abstract: Background: Accurately predicting outcomes for cancer patients with COVID-19 has been clinically challenging. Numerous clinical variables have been retrospectively associated with disease severity, but the predictive value of these variables, and how multiple variables interact to increase risk, remains unclear. Methods: We used machine learning algorithms to predict COVID-19 severity in 354 cancer patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. Using clinical variables only collected on or before a patient's COVID-19 positive date (time zero), we sought to classify patients into one of three possible future outcomes: Severe-early (the patient required high levels of oxygen support within 3 days of being tested positive for COVID-19), Severe-late (the patient required high levels of oxygen after 3 days), and Non-severe (the patient never required oxygen support). Results: Our algorithm classified patients into these classes with an AUROC ranging from 70-85%, significantly outperforming prior methods and univariate analyses. Critically, classification accuracy is highest when using a potpourri of clinical variables -- including patient demographics, pre-existing diagnoses, laboratory and radiological work, and underlying cancer type -- suggesting that COVID-19 in cancer patients comes with numerous, combinatorial risk factors. Conclusions: Overall, we provide a computational tool that can identify high-risk patients early in their disease progression, which could aid in clinical decision-making and selecting treatment options. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.23.20179838 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.23.20179838 id: cord-340274-ke94njve author: Nayak, Saurabh title: Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? date: 2020-09-28 words: 198.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340274-ke94njve.txt summary: key: cord-340274-ke94njve authors: Nayak, Saurabh; Bharati, Joyita title: Corticosteroids and COVID-19: What Could Be the Best Bet in Treating Active Glomerular Diseases in Patients With Concomitant Early COVID-19? cord_uid: ke94njve We believe more data with antiviral therapy will emerge as trials include patients with kidney disease. Not least of all, shared decision making with the patient must be done after explaining possible benefits and harms of treatment. Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. High-dose but Not Low-dose Corticosteroids Potentially Delay Viral Shedding of Patients With COVID-19 Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 -Preliminary Report Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study A Narrative Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19 COVID-19: implications for immunosuppression in kidney disease and transplantation abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0272638620310052 doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.006 id: cord-253201-r6vsa0pw author: Nazari, S. title: Central Nervous System Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-07-22 words: 3950.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253201-r6vsa0pw.txt summary: Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. Based on the results shown in (Table 3 and The highest incidence rate among CNS symptoms of COVID-19 patients was for headache (8.69% with 95% CI: 6.76%-10.82%), followed by Dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%-8.22%), and Impaired consciousness (1.9% with 95% CI: 1%-2.79%). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20158691 doi: medRxiv preprint CNS: Central nervous system; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; PHEIC: Public health emergency of international concern; WHO: World health organization; PRISMA: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; PNS: Peripheral nervous system; BBB: Blood brain barrier; ACE2: Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms abstract: Background: At the end of December 2019, a novel respiratory infection, initially reported in China, known as COVID-19 initially reported in China, and later known as COVID-19, led to a global pandemic. Despite many studies reporting respiratory infections as the primary manifestations of this illness, an increasing number of investigations have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CNS presentations in COVID-19 patients in an attempt to identify the common CNS features and provide a better overview to tackle this new pandemic. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Included studies were publications that reported the CNS features between January 1st, 2020, to April 20th, 2020. The data of selected studies were screened and extracted independently by four reviewers. Extracted data analyzed by using STATA statistical software. The study protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184456). Results: Of 2353 retrieved studies, we selected 64 studies with 11282 patients after screening. Most of the studies were conducted in China (58 studies). The most common CNS symptom of COVID-19 were Headache (8.69%, 95%CI: 6.76%-10.82%), Dizziness (5.94%, 95%CI: 3.66%-8.22%), and Impaired consciousness (1.9%, 95%CI: 1%-2.79%). Conclusions: The growing number of studies have reported COVID-19, CNS presentations as remarkable manifestations that happen. Hence, understanding the CNS characteristics of COVID-19 can help us for better diagnosis and ultimately prevention of worse outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.20158691 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158691 id: cord-261420-8wavi5tk author: Nazarimehr, Fahimeh title: Prediction of bifurcations by varying critical parameters of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 2490.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261420-8wavi5tk.txt summary: Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. Also, the interaction of five cities is studied with various connections and parameters to show the effect of traveling in the outbreak of the disease. Part (a) of Fig. 2 shows the bifurcations of Model (1) by changing the parameter of the background of mortality without considering the disease state. In the first step of this study, various bifurcations of the model by changing some critical parameters such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from Fig. 9 Variations of state variables of five cities with different parameters for cities and coupling strength k ¼ 0:2; The population of the susceptible and resistant group in the cities cannot be synchronized, and they are different in all the times. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a recent strong challenge for the world. In this paper, an epidemiology model is investigated as a model for the development of COVID-19. The propagation of COVID-19 through various sub-groups of society is studied. Some critical parameters, such as the background of mortality without considering the disease state and the speed of moving people from infected to resistance, affect the conditions of society. In this paper, early warning indicators are used to predict the bifurcation points in the system. In the interaction of various sub-groups of society, each sub-group can have various parameters. Six cases of the sub-groups interactions are studied. By coupling these sub-groups, various dynamics of the whole society are investigated. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05749-6 id: cord-346194-l8svzjp2 author: Nazir, Mehrab title: A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 words: 4786.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346194-l8svzjp2.txt summary: This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. In this study, the researchers determined the outcome of social media on the preventive behavior among people about COVID-19, how individuals gain information and awareness knowledge through social media to control COVID-19. Additionally, path analysis and maximum likelihood method were used to verify the mediated impact of health communication (awareness knowledge and information exchange) among social media and preventive behavior. H5 and H3 tested whether awareness knowledge and information exchange directly influenced preventive behavior during an infectious disease outbreak like COVID-19. Eke [37] supported this theory that public awareness affects an individual behavior during an infectious disease outbreak to control its spread. Therefore, due to lack of resources, most developing nations use social media networks for health communication tools to prevent and control the spread of infectious disease in a community [37] . abstract: COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to investigate its social aspects and suggest a theoretical structural equation model to examine the associations between social media exposure, awareness, and information exchange and preventive behavior and to determine the indirect as well as direct impact of social media exposure on preventive behavior from the viewpoints of awareness and information exchange. The current empirical investigation was held in Pakistan, and the collected survey data from 500 respondents through social media tools were utilized to examine the associations between studied variables as stated in the anticipated study model. The findings of the study indicate that social media exposure has no significant and direct effect on preventive behavior. Social media exposure influences preventive behavior indirectly through awareness and information exchange. In addition, awareness and information exchange have significant and direct effects on preventive behavior. Findings are valuable for health administrators, governments, policymakers, and social scientists, specifically for individuals whose situations are like those in Pakistan. This research validates how social media exposure indirectly effects preventive behavior concerning COVID-19 and explains the paths of effect through awareness or information exchange. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work at present that covers this gap, for this reason the authors propose a new model. The conceptual model offers valuable information for policymakers and practitioners to enhance preventive behavior through the adoption of appropriate awareness strategies and information exchange and social media strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113780 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113780 id: cord-279629-t1xjy12y author: Nazneen Akhand, Mst Rubaiat title: Genome based Evolutionary study of SARS-CoV-2 towards the Prediction of Epitope Based Chimeric Vaccine date: 2020-04-15 words: 6717.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279629-t1xjy12y.txt summary: The present in silico study aimed to predict a novel chimeric vaccines by simultaneously targeting four major structural proteins via the establishment of ancestral relationship among different strains of coronaviruses. Hence, the study was designed to develop a chimeric recombinant vaccine against COVID-19 by targeting four major structural proteins of the pathogen, while revealing the evolutionary history of different species of coronavirus based on whole genome and protein domain-based phylogeny. Apart from the human coronaviruses, we introduced other coronaviruses which choose different species of bats, whale, turkey, rat, mink, ferret, swine, camel, rabbit, cow and others as host (Supplementary TableDomain analysis of spike protein of coronaviruses reveals that they contain mainly one signature domains namely, coronavirus S2 glycoprotein (IPR002552), which is present in all the candidates. Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against spike protein of human coronavirus: an in silico approach. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is known to infect the neurological, respiratory, enteric, and hepatic systems of human and has already become an unprecedented threat to global healthcare system. COVID-19, the most serious public condition caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads the world to an uncertainty alongside thousands of regular death scenes. Unavailability of specific therapeutics or approved vaccine has made the recovery of COVI-19 more troublesome and challenging. The present in silico study aimed to predict a novel chimeric vaccines by simultaneously targeting four major structural proteins via the establishment of ancestral relationship among different strains of coronaviruses. Conserved regions from the homologous protein sets of spike glycoprotein (S), membrane protein (M), envelope protein and nucleocapsid protein (N) were identified through multiple sequence alignment. The phylogeny analyses of whole genome stated that four proteins (S, E, M and N) reflected the close ancestral relation of SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-COV-1 and bat coronavirus. Numerous immunogenic epitopes (both T cell and B cell) were generated from the common fragments which were further ranked on the basis of antigenicity, transmembrane topology, conservancy level, toxicity and allergenicity pattern and population coverage analysis. Top putative epitopes were combined with appropriate adjuvants and linkers to construct a novel multiepitope subunit vaccine against COVID-19. The designed constructs were characterized based on physicochemical properties, allergenicity, antigenicity and solubility which revealed the superiority of construct V3 in terms safety and efficacy. Essential molecular dynamics and Normal Mode analysis confirmed minimal deformability of the refined model at molecular level. In addition, disulfide engineering was investigated to accelerate the stability of the protein. Molecular docking study ensured high binding affinity between construct V3 and HLA cells, as well as with different host receptors. Microbial expression and translational efficacy of the constructs were checked using pET28a(+) vector of E. coli strain K12. The development of preventive measures to combat COVID-19 infections might be aided the present study. However, the in vivo and in vitro validation might be ensured with wet lab trials using model animals for the implementation of the presented data. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.036285 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.036285 id: cord-255600-2xs29l81 author: Nazroo, J. title: Evidence for ethnic inequalities in mortality related to COVID-19 infections: Findings from an ecological analysis of England and Wales date: 2020-06-09 words: 3907.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255600-2xs29l81.txt summary: This estimate suggests that the average England and Wales COVID-19 related death rate would rise by 25% in a local authority with twice the average number of ethnic minority people. Importantly, adjustments are rarely made for the younger age profile of ethnic minority people, nor for the potentially increased exposure to COVID-19 infection that results from their greater concentration in areas with a high population density, or greater risk from infection associated with higher levels of pollution. To do this we use the most recent release of data, accurate estimates of the size and ethnic composition of the population in local authorities, and a modelling approach that accounts for some potential explanations for the higher risk faced by ethnic minority people. Table 1 presents the results of the crude descriptive models, showing unadjusted coefficients for the relationship between proportion of the population in a local authority who are of an ethnic minority group and the COVID-19 related death rate. abstract: Background In the absence of direct data on ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 related mortality in the UK, we examine the relationship between ethnic composition of an area and rate of mortality in the area. Methods Ecological analysis using COVID-19 related mortality rates occurring by 24th April 2020, and ethnic composition of the population, across local authorities in England and Wales. Account is taken of age, population density, area deprivation and pollution. Results For every 1% rise in proportion of the population who are ethnic minority, COVID-19 related deaths increased by 5.10 (3.99 to 6.21) per million. This rise is present for each ethnic minority category examined. The size of this increase is a little reduced in a fully adjusted model, suggesting that some of the association results from ethnic minority people living in more densely populated, more polluted and more deprived areas. This estimate suggests that the average England and Wales COVID-19 related death rate would rise by 25% in a local authority with twice the average number of ethnic minority people. Discussion We find clear evidence that rates of COVID-19 related mortality within a local authority increase as the proportion of the population who are ethnic minority increases. We suggest that this is a consequence of social and economic inequalities, including among key workers, driven by entrenched structural and institutional racism and racial discrimination. We argue that these factors should be central to any investigation of ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125153 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125153 id: cord-355961-qupxo232 author: Ndiaye, M. title: La maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : la place de la santé au travail date: 2020-04-22 words: 1175.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355961-qupxo232.txt summary: D''une épidémie en Chine à une pandémie, la maladie à coronavirus COVID-19 est arrivée en Afrique subsaharienne où les pays dans leur majorité sont en transition épidémiologique avec la persistance des maladies transmissibles et la croissance exponentielle des maladies non transmissibles. Devant cette crise sanitaire majeure avec l''adoption urgente de mesures de prise en charge, de prévention et la psychose grandissante au sein des travailleurs, employeurs, familles et communautés, quelle est la place de la santé au travail ? Les mesures de prévention technique collective vont fournir aux travailleurs les informations nécessaires sur la maladie (les signes, les modes de transmission), les mesures de protection et de prévention préconisées (la propreté, les affiches, les procédures) mais aussi assurer la désinfection régulière des lieux de travail, la formation et l''éducation ouvrière sur le sujet. abstract: Résumé Le milieu de travail africain subsaharien pour faire face à la pandémie à COVID-19, doit s’appuyer sur les missions de la santé au travail au niveau du secteur structuré et la promotion du bien-être et de la santé au travail pour le secteur informel. Les mesures de prévention technique collective (sensibilisation, formation, propreté), individuelle (équipements de protection individuelle, vaccination) et de prévention médicale (dépistage, surveillance) rejoignent les recommandations préconisées par les autorités. Summary In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the workplace in Sub-Saharan Africa should build on the missions of occupational health in the formal sector and on the promotion of well-being and occupational health in the informal sector. Technical prevention measures adopted at the collective level (awareness-raising, training and hygiene) and at the individual level (personal protective equipment and vaccination) as well as disease prevention measures (screening and surveillance) are in line with the recommendations advocated by the authorities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1775878520309437 doi: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.829 id: cord-274966-m2cw8hzb author: Ndiaye, Mor title: Procédure de dépistage d’une infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail structuré africain date: 2020-05-21 words: 1334.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274966-m2cw8hzb.txt summary: En effet la riposte contre l''infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail formel africain doit pouvoir s''insérer dans le dispositif national et comprendre : l''installation au niveau de chaque entreprise d''une cellule de gestion de la riposte bien articulée avec le comité d''hygiène et de sécurité du travail ; la sensibilisation et formation des partenaires sociaux sur les aspects liés à la connaissanceet les moyens de prévention de l''infection ; la mise en route d''une procédure de dépistage et d''un circuit pour les cas détectés ; l''évaluation et le suivi de l''impact psychosocial et économique de l''infection. En effet la riposte contre l''infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail formel africain doit pouvoir s''insérer dans le dispositif national et comprendre : -l''installation au niveau de chaque entreprise d''une cellule de gestion de la riposte bien articulée avec le comité d''hygiène et de sécurité du travail ; -la sensibilisation et formation des partenaires sociaux sur les aspects liés à la connaissance et les moyens de prévention de l''infection ; -la mise en route d''une procédure de dépistage et d''un circuit pour les cas détectés ; -l''évaluation et le suivi de l''impact psychosocial et économique de l''infection. abstract: Résumé Alors qu’il n’existe de recommandation spécifique en Afrique Subsaharienne, le but de ce travail est de proposer aux professionnels de santé, un outil simple de détection des cas de COVID-19 parmi les travailleurs du secteur formel dans cette région. En effet la riposte contre l’infection à COVID-19 en milieu de travail formel africain doit pouvoir s’insérer dans le dispositif national et comprendre : l’installation au niveau de chaque entreprise d’une cellule de gestion de la riposte bien articulée avec le comité d’hygiène et de sécurité du travail ; la sensibilisation et formation des partenaires sociaux sur les aspects liés à la connaissanceet les moyens de prévention de l’infection ; la mise en route d’une procédure de dépistage et d’un circuit pour les cas détectés ; l’évaluation et le suivi de l’impact psychosocial et économique de l’infection. Summary Though there is no specific guidelines in Sub-Saharan Africa, the aim is to suggest to health practitioners, a simple screening tool of COVID-19 cases in the formal workforce in the region. Indeed the COVID-19 response in the formal African workplace should clearly be integrated into the national system and should include: the setting up, in each company, of a response management unit that works in collaboration with the occupational health and safety committee; awareness-raising and training of social partners on aspects relating to knowledge of the disease and prevention measures; implementation of a procedure for screening and handling cases detected; evaluation and monitoring of the psychosocial and economic impact of the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1775878520310110?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.admp.2020.05.007 id: cord-277874-cr53ycrm author: Neault, N. title: SARS-CoV-2 Protein in Wastewater Mirrors COVID-19 Prevalence. date: 2020-09-03 words: 7079.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277874-cr53ycrm.txt summary: We believe MPAD based SARS-CoV-2 protein quantitation represents a promising epidemiological tool with a sensitivity sufficiently superior to viral RNA measurement that, in addition to enabling early detection and population tracking of COVID-19 load, will also open the way to effective infection surveillance of specific facilities, schools and residences. Primary sludge and PEG precipitated influent fractions, collected from the contiguous cities of Ottawa and Gatineau in April through June 2020, were analysed for the presence of four SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, N (nucleocapsid), M (membrane), S (spike), and E (envelope), by western blot. Next, in order to assure specificity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we used MPAD with an expanded panel to simultaneously measure three viral proteins, N, S and M, along with six fecal content control proteins in PEG precipitated "influent solids" samples drawn from the Ottawa WRRF during the study period ( Fig 5) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to diverse approaches to track infections. The causative agent, SARS-CoV-2 is a fecally-shed RNA virus, and many groups have assayed wastewater for viral RNA fragments by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as a proxy of COVID-19 prevalence in the community. Most groups report low levels of viral RNA that often skirt the methods theoretical limits of detection and quantitation. Here, we demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in wastewater using traditional immunoblotting and quantitate them from wastewater solids using an immuno-linked PCR method called Multiplex Paired-antibody Amplified Detection (MPAD). In this longitudinal study, we corrected for stochastic variability inherent to wastewater-based epidemiology using multiple fecal content protein biomarkers. These normalized SARS-CoV-2 protein data correlated well with public health metrics. Our method of assaying SARS-CoV-2 protein from wastewater represents a promising and sensitive epidemiological tool to assess prevalence of fecally-shed pathogens in the community. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.01.20185280v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20185280 id: cord-260730-w9yv4jd7 author: Neff, Shawn M. title: Guidance concerning chiropractic practice in response to COVID-19 in the U.S.: a summary of state regulators’ web-based information date: 2020-07-06 words: 3999.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260730-w9yv4jd7.txt summary: Data were collected regarding the official guidance provided by each state''s chiropractic licensing board as well as the issuance of stay-at-home orders and designations of essential personnel by state governors. The seven domains involve: 1.) shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders/directives, 2.) classification of chiropractors as essential healthcare providers, 3.) restriction of chiropractic practice to urgent/ emergent presentations, 4.) recommendations for infectious disease control or use of personal protective equipment (PPE), 5.) chiropractic telehealth recommendations, 6.) alterations to continuing education (CE) or license renewal requirements (e.g. deadline extensions or changes to distance learning limitations), and 7.) warnings against false, deceptive, or misleading claims related to spinal manipulation/adjustments conferring protection against infection or COVID-19. Fourteen state chiropractic licensing boards (28%) provided guidance to restrict face-to-face chiropractic appointments to only those patients deemed to have urgent, acute, or emergency conditions; the remaining 36 states (72%) provided no guidance on whether chiropractors should continue with business as usual or restrict their practices (see Table 2 ). abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented changes, as many state and local governments enacted stay-at-home orders and non-essential businesses were closed. State chiropractic licensing boards play an important role in protecting the public via regulation of licensure and provision of guidance regarding standards of practice, especially during times of change or uncertainty. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to summarize the guidance provided in each of the 50 United States, related to chiropractic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A review of the public facing websites of governors and state chiropractic licensing boards was conducted in the United States. Data were collected regarding the official guidance provided by each state’s chiropractic licensing board as well as the issuance of stay-at-home orders and designations of essential personnel by state governors. Descriptive statistics were used to report the findings from this project. RESULTS: Each of the 50 state governor’s websites and individual state chiropractic licensing board’s websites were surveyed. Stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders were issued in 86% of all states. Chiropractors were classified as essential providers in 54% of states, non-essential in one state (2%), and no guidance was provided in the remaining 44% of all states. Fourteen states (28%) recommended restricting visits to only urgent cases and the remaining states (72%) provided no guidance. Twenty-seven states (54%) provided information regarding protecting against infectious disease and the remaining states (46%) provided no guidance. Twenty-two states (44%) provided recommendations regarding chiropractic telehealth and the remaining states (56%) provided no guidance. Seventeen states (34%) altered license renewal requirements and eight states (16%) issued warnings against advertising misleading or false information regarding spinal manipulation and protection from COVID-19. CONCLUSION: State guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic was heterogenous, widely variability in accessibility, and often no guidance was provided by state chiropractic licensing boards. Some state chiropractic licensing boards chose to assemble guidance for licensees into a single location, which we identified as a best practice for future situations where changes in chiropractic practice must be quickly communicated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32631385/ doi: 10.1186/s12998-020-00333-6 id: cord-279713-97a86bor author: Negrini, Stefano title: Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study date: 2020-08-12 words: 2167.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279713-97a86bor.txt summary: title: Feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine to substitute outpatient rehabilitation services in the COVID-19 emergency in Italy: an observational everyday clinical-life study Main Outcome Measure(s) We compared the number of services provided in three phases, among them and with corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019: during CONTROL (30 working days) and COVID surge (13 days) only usual consultations/physiotherapy were provided, while during TELEMED (15 days) only teleconsultations/telephysiotherapy. In front of the sudden COVID-19 emergency in Italy, and the mobility restrictions to the population, to 45 continue to provide our outpatient services (including hands-on physiotherapy and medical evaluations) we 46 have been forced to convert completely to telemedicine, rapidly developing specific ad-hoc solutions. We considered 3 phases: (1) CONTROL: usual services prior to discovery of COVID-19 spread (creation of 85 "red zones"), 30 working days (January 7 th to February 23 rd ); (2) Satisfaction with services provided was evaluated at the quality continuous improvement questionnaires, 93 while all professionals were closely monitored throughout the period with supervision, and email 94 consultations. abstract: Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine as a substitute of outpatient services in emergency situations like by the sudden surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Design Observational cohort study with historical control. Setting Tertiary referral outpatient Institute. Participants Consecutive services provided to patients with spinal disorders. Interventions Telemedicine services included teleconsultations and telephysiotherapy. They lasted as long as usual interventions. They were delivered using free teleconference Apps, caregivers were actively involved, interviews and counselling were performed as usual. Teleconsultations included standard, but adapted measurements and evaluations in video and from photos/videos sent in advance according to specific tutorials. During telephysiotherapy, new sets of exercises were defined and recorded as usual. Main Outcome Measure(s) We compared the number of services provided in three phases, among them and with corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019: during CONTROL (30 working days) and COVID surge (13 days) only usual consultations/physiotherapy were provided, while during TELEMED (15 days) only teleconsultations/telephysiotherapy. If a reliable medical decision was not possible during teleconsultations, usual face-to-face interventions were prescribed. Continuous quality improvement questionnaires were also evaluated. Results During TELEMED, 325 teleconsulations and 882 telephysiotherapy sessions were provided in 15 days. We found a rapid decrease (-39%) of outpatient services from CONTROL to COVID phase (R2=0.85), partially recovered in TELEMED for telephysiotherapy (from -37% to -21%; p<0.05), and stabilised for teleconsultation (from -55% to -60%) interventions. Usual face-to-face interventions have been needed by 0.5% of patients. Patients’ satisfaction with telemedicine was very high (2.8/3) Conclusion(s) Telemedicine is feasible and allows to keep providing outpatient services with patients’ satisfaction. In the current pandemic, this experience can provide a viable alternative to closure for many outpatient services while reducing to a minimum the need of travels and face-to-face contacts. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003999320305062?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.08.001 id: cord-256553-iw5squ6n author: Neiva, Mariane Barros title: Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 3639.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256553-iw5squ6n.txt summary: RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. However, one can see that Brazil and the United States, the second and first countries, respectively, in the number of confirmed cases, do not follow the same patterns in the new cases/deaths and active case graphs, as shown in Figures 1g and 1h . This is because São Paulo is the industrial center FIGURE 3: Besides the high number of cases in Brazil, the country is known for its lower testing rate. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Five months after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the country has the second highest number of cases in the world. Without any scientifically proven drug or vaccine available combined with COVID-19’s high transmissivity, slowing down the spread of the infection is a challenge. In an attempt to save the economy, the Brazilian government is slowly beginning to allow non-essential services to reopen for in-person customers. METHODS: In this study, we analyze, based on data analysis and statistics, how other countries evolve and under which conditions they decided to resume normal activity. In addition, due to the heterogeneity of Brazil, we explore Brazilian data of COVID-19 from the State Health Secretaries to evaluate the situation of the pandemic within the states. RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, a number of important states are easing restrictions despite a high percentage of confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33111917/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0550-2020 id: cord-339293-7ks3bopm author: Nejatifard, Marzieh title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 words: 4581.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt summary: Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of the PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissue. The included papers were evaluated for the effect of light therapy, PBM, or low -level laser therapy on the lung inflammation, ARDS, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and lung parenchyma. All the studies confirmed that the PBM can reduce the lung inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. All the papers have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of the PBM including reducing the lung edema, cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and damage to the endothelial cytoskeleton. abstract: Background COVID-19, as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan, China. Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in up to one –third of the cases. Pulmonary edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation (PBM) has been confirmed in many previous studies. Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system, increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered. Methodology The databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included the PBM and related terms, lung inflammation, and COVID-19 -related signs. Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue, laser parameters, and their results. Results Seventeen related papers were included in this review. All of them were in animal models. They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2)). Conclusion Our findings revealed that the PBM could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue. PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs. Thus, the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are recommended in this regard. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 id: cord-277788-6ls21tkr author: Nelson, Brian C title: Clinical Outcomes Associated with Methylprednisolone in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-09 words: 3554.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277788-6ls21tkr.txt summary: METHODS: Clinical outcomes associated with the use of methylprednisolone were assessed in an unmatched, case-control study; a subset of patients also underwent propensity-score matching. Our study evaluated the association of methylprednisolone treatment with duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in intubated, critically-ill patients with COVID-19. We observed an increase in the number of ventilator-free days and the likelihood of extubation, as well as a statistically non-significant trend towards improved mortality, in the corticosteroid group when compared to control patients in a propensity-matched cohort by day 28. Although this benefit was greatest in the subset of patients that required mechanical ventilation, the trial only evaluated outcomes through hospital day 28 and did not assess other corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone [14] . We found that treatment with methylprednisolone increased the number of ventilator-free days and probability of extubation compared with a propensity matched control group among patients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation, but we did not detect a significant difference in mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the association between use of methylprednisolone and key clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical outcomes associated with the use of methylprednisolone were assessed in an unmatched, case-control study; a subset of patients also underwent propensity-score matching. Patients were admitted between March 1 and April 12, 2020. The primary outcome was ventilator-free days by 28 days after admission. Secondary outcomes included extubation, mortality, discharge, positive cultures, and hyperglycemia. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients met inclusion criteria. Propensity matching yielded a cohort of 42 well-matched pairs. Groups were similar except for hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin use, which were more common in patients who did not receive methylprednisolone. Mean ventilator free-days were significantly higher in patients treated with methylprednisolone (6.21±7.45 versus 3.14±6.22; P = 0.044). The probability of extubation was also increased in patients receiving methylprednisolone (45% versus 21%; P = 0.021), and there were no significant differences in mortality (19% versus 36%; P = 0.087). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, only methylprednisolone use was associated with higher number of ventilator-free days (P = 0.045). The incidence of positive cultures and hyperglycemia were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Methylprednisolone was associated with increased ventilator-free days and higher probability of extubation in a propensity-score matched cohort. Randomized, controlled studies are needed to further define methylprednisolone use in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32772069/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1163 id: cord-255247-9mvbcyjg author: Nelson, Caleb P. title: Timing and outcomes of testicular torsion during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-10-21 words: 3098.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255247-9mvbcyjg.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using billing data, we identified all patients age >1yo seen in our hospital from 1/1/2018 through 5/31/2020 who underwent emergent scrotal exploration for confirmed testicular torsion, comparing the COVID-19 crisis (3/1/2020-5/31/20) to the pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2018-2/29/20). Using billing data, we identified all patients age >1yo seen in our hospital from 1/1/2018 through 5/31/2020 who underwent emergent scrotal exploration for confirmed testicular torsion, comparing the COVID-19 crisis (3/1/2020-5/31/20) to the pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2018-2/29/20). We hypothesized that since the start of the COVID-19 crisis in our region, patients with testicular torsion had longer time from symptom onset to initial presentation, longer total ischemic time, and higher rate of orchiectomy. Time to presentation, ischemic times, and orchiectomy rates for testicular torsion at our center were not significantly different during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding 2 year period. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 crisis, there has been widespread reporting that non-COVID-19-related medical care has been delayed, even for emergent conditions. Testicular torsion is an emergent condition with higher risk of testicular loss with longer ischemic times. We sought to investigate whether patients with testicular torsion had longer time from symptom onset to initial presentation, longer total ischemic time, and higher rate of orchiectomy during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using billing data, we identified all patients age >1yo seen in our hospital from 1/1/2018 through 5/31/2020 who underwent emergent scrotal exploration for confirmed testicular torsion, comparing the COVID-19 crisis (3/1/2020-5/31/20) to the pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2018-2/29/20). The primary outcome was time from symptom onset to initial presentation and secondary outcomes were ischemic time (time from symptom onset to entry of the OR) and orchiectomy rate. Parameters were compared with Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests; Poisson regression compared rates of torsion. RESULTS: Of 94 total cases, 77 occurred during the pre-COVID-19 period and 17 during the COVID-19 crisis. Median time from symptom onset to initial presentation was not significantly different (2.4 hr [IQR 1.1 hr – 38.9] during COVID-19 vs. 5.6 hrs [IQR 1.6 – 16.9] during pre-COVID-19 period, p=0.476). Time to presentation was >12 hrs in 5/17 patients (29%) during COVID-19 and 24/77 patients (31%) during pre-COVID-19 period (p=1.00). Median ischemic time during COVID-19 was 7.5 hr (IQR 4.7 hr – 45.5 hr) compared to 9.4 hr (IQR 5.4 hr – 22.5 hr) during pre-COVID-19 period (p=0.694). Incidence of orchiectomy in our center was 29% (5/17) during COVID-19 and 17% (13/77) during pre-COVID-19 period (p=0.397). About half of patients were seen initially at outside facilities prior to arrival (47% [8/17] during COVID-19 vs. 49% [38/77] during pre-COVID-19 period, p=1.00). The number of torsion case presentations per week to our facility increased from 0.7 cases/week in the pre-COVID-19 period to 1.3 cases/week during COVID-19 (p=0.015); when comparing only the March 1 to May 31 calendar period, there were 0.6 cases/week during the pre-COVID-19 period and 1.3 cases/week during COVID-19 (p=0.021). CONCLUSION: Time to presentation, ischemic times, and orchiectomy rates for testicular torsion at our center were not significantly different during the COVID-19 period compared to the preceding 2 year period. The number of torsion case per week presenting to our facility increased significantly. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477513120305787 doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.10.021 id: cord-338990-vrtzyo2o author: Nelson, Sarah E. title: COVID-19 and ethics in the ICU date: 2020-08-25 words: 1227.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338990-vrtzyo2o.txt summary: This includes an "obligation to provide urgent medical care during disasters … even in the face of greater than usual risks to physicians'' own safety, health, or life." Given the large scope of the pandemic and the deadliness of SARS-CoV-2, these statements may not adequately address this ethical quandary. Based on these principles, 6 recommendations have been made for the current outbreak: maximizing benefits including using scarce resources responsibly and saving more lives/years of life, prioritizing COVID-19 resources (i.e., PPE, vaccines) to healthcare workers, invoking equality using random allocation or lottery to distribute resources to those with similar prognoses, thoughtful consideration of resource allocation (e.g., prioritizing older patients, among the most affected by SARS-CoV-2, to receive a vaccine), prioritizing those who have participated in COVID-19-related research, and providing equal resources to those with COVID-19 and those with other medical conditions [9] . Several ethical dilemmas associated with the COVID-19 pandemic affect intensive care physicians. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03250-5 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03250-5 id: cord-293167-3bd3adip author: Nepal, Gaurav title: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 words: 5534.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293167-3bd3adip.txt summary: Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have presented with a mild clinical course: beginning with fever and dry cough, progressing to a form of mild or moderate respiratory disease, and resolving without specific treatment [2] . A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported that six (2.8%) patients, out of the 214 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed ischemic stroke. A retrospective observational study from a different center in Wuhan, China, found eleven (5.0%) patients, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, developed acute ischemic stroke. Those who had COVID-19 infection with new onset of ischemic stroke were more likely to have a severe SARS-CoV-2 presentation, an advanced age (71.6 ± 15.7 years versus 52.1 ± 15.3 years), and preexisting cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and previous cerebrovascular disease. A retrospective observational study from Wuhan, China, reported one (0.45%) patient, out of 221 reviewed COVID-19 cases, who developed intracerebral hemorrhage. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our understanding of the impact this virus has on the nervous system is limited. Our review aims to inform and improve decision-making among the physicians treating COVID-19 by presenting a systematic analysis of the neurological manifestations experienced within these patients. METHODS: Any study, released prior to May 20, 2020, that reported neurological manifestations in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 was systematically reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analysis) statement. RESULTS: Our systematic review included data from 37 articles: twelve retrospective studies, two prospective studies, and the rest case reports/series. The most commonly reported neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were myalgia, headache, altered sensorium, hyposmia, and hypogeusia. Uncommonly, COVID-19 can also present with central nervous system manifestations such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalo-myelitis, and acute myelitis, peripheral nervous manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and Bell’s palsy, and skeletal muscle manifestations such as rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: While COVID-19 typically presents as a self-limiting respiratory disease, it has been reported in up to 20% of patients to progress to severe illness with multi-organ involvement. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not uncommon, but our study found most resolve with treatment of the underlying infection. Although the timeliness of this review engages current challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, readers must not ignore the limitations and biases intrinsic to an early investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660520/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03121-z id: cord-327242-g3pfc94x author: Nepomnyashchiy, Lyudmila title: COVID-19: Africa needs unprecedented attention to strengthen community health systems date: 2020-07-16 words: 1607.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327242-g3pfc94x.txt summary: As the first cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Liberia, in March, 2020, former President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, 1 among others, 2 highlighted the need to adopt lessons learned from the response to the 2014-16 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, governments took swift action to institute lockdown measures, activate incident management response systems, and mobilise front-line health workers to be trained. 19 To its credit, Liberia, scarred from the Ebola outbreak, has been training its National Community Health Assistants to prevent, detect, and respond to COVID-19 while maintaining essential services and is in the process of procuring PPE for CHWs. 20 COVID-19 is the new public health backdrop and we cannot wait to strengthen community health systems. Community health workers during the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone Prevent, detect, respond: how community health workers can help in the fight against COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31532-4 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31532-4 id: cord-307710-dlpfbnb1 author: Neradi, Deepak title: Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide date: 2020-04-27 words: 1579.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307710-dlpfbnb1.txt summary: Orthopaedic surgeries including both elective and emergency procedures (trauma patients) require operation theatres which are high-risk areas for transmission of COVID-19, risks health care workers contracting this illness and decreasing the resources available to the population of India during this pandemic. Ensure that the healthcare staff including the doctor, nurses and paramedical staff have no signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 infection or any contact with COVID patients in the past 14 days and it is better to screen the health care staff, if feasible. Patients presented to the emergency triage with an orthopaedic emergency such as joint dislocations, compartment syndrome, open fractures, mangled extremity, polytrauma with FESS should be managed according to a specific guideline during global health emergencies like a pandemic of COVID-19. These orthopaedic emergencies require effective outpatient, inpatient and surgical care besides avoiding transmission of infection to fellow patients and health care givers. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32341601/ doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00122-6 id: cord-323503-l5skiu2l author: Neri, E. title: Structured reporting of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a consensus proposal date: 2020-08-12 words: 4289.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323503-l5skiu2l.txt summary: Several major radiological scientific societies have published guidelines on the diagnostic work-up of suspected or ascertained COVID-19 patients, suggesting the use of imaging on the basis of the clinical findings [5] [6] [7] . However, even in this case, more recent proposals of CT grading and categorical classifications of COVID-19 lung involvement have been published, as the Reporting and Data Systems with the COVID-RADS and the CO-RADS [10, 11] , and the RSNA expert consensus statement on reporting chest CT findings related to COVID-19, endorsed also by the Society of Thoracic Radiology and the ACR [13] . Although these findings (as well as ground glass opacities and consolidations) are not specific of COVID-19 infection, but can be observed in many interstitial lung diseases, we believe that the use of the structured report will allow for a detailed quantification of their incidence in these patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The need of a standardized reporting scheme and language, in imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia, has been welcomed by major scientific societies. The aim of the study was to build the reporting scheme of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: A team of experts, of the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), has been recruited to compose a consensus panel. They used a modified Delphi process to build a reporting scheme and expressed a level of agreement for each section of the report. To measure the internal consistency of the panelist ratings for each section of the report, a quality analysis based on the average inter-item correlation was performed with Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The overall mean score of the experts and the sum of score were 3.1 (std.dev. ± 0.11) and 122 in the second round, and improved to 3.75 (std.dev. ± 0.40) and 154 in the third round. The Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) correlation coefficient was 0.741 (acceptable) in the second round and improved to 0.789 in the third round. The final report was built in the management of radiology report template (MRRT) and includes n = 4 items in the procedure information, n = 5 items in the clinical information, n = 16 in the findings, and n = 3 in the impression, with overall 28 items. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed structured report could be of help both for expert radiologists and for the less experienced who are faced with the management of these patients. The structured report is conceived as a guideline, to recommend the key items/findings of chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00901-7 doi: 10.1186/s13244-020-00901-7 id: cord-294180-t5bncpo4 author: Neto, Leônidas Oliveira title: Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload date: 2020-06-26 words: 3499.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294180-t5bncpo4.txt summary: It is interesting to highlight that both aging and chronic diseases are linked to an increase in levels of systemic inflammation, which could explain a potential common pathway between these factors and COVID-19. In this context, lifestyle and nutraceuticals arise as important prophylactic interventions to reduce the burden of baseline inflammation in older adults and consequently improve quality of life, mobility, cognition, mood, and metabolic and immune balances, especially during the pandemic. Vitamin D, or more specifically, 25hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], is an anti-inflammatory nutrient (41) , and reduces the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, preventing hypertension (42), besides its importance to bone and muscle, an inverse relationship is also observed between its levels and mortality risk in old adults (43) . Furthermore, reducing sedentary behavior and engaging in exercise may increasing the production of systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines and help to combat inflammation (63, 64) by increasing innate immune function (65) and decreasing the chronic inflammation related to various diseases (66) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00354 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00354 id: cord-264779-71s7e18i author: Neumann, Natalie R. title: Medical Toxicology and COVID-19: Our Role in a Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 1930.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264779-71s7e18i.txt summary: As medical toxicologists we serve as a fund of knowledge for our healthcare colleagues and the public: we provide physicians with information regarding antidotal therapy, drug-drug interactions, and novel therapeutics. Neumann natalie.neumann@cuanschutz.edu treatment of toxicities born of the use and misuse of approved and alternative therapies is a service our field can readily provide to an otherwise overburdened medical system. Interpreting the nature of end-organ dysfunction as it pertains to therapeutic drug administration and overdose is well within the wheelhouse of medical toxicology and represents both a service our field may provide and a potential research frontier. Lastly, poison centers, historically considered an underutilized source for reporting adverse drug reactions, may be more mindful of tracking and reporting toxicity from novel therapies [26] . Medical experts explain the use and potential adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356251/ doi: 10.1007/s13181-020-00778-4 id: cord-344750-b9tndbg1 author: Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian title: Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 2773.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344750-b9tndbg1.txt summary: To shed more light on the issue of willingness to be vaccinated, we investigated people attitudes about vaccination against COVID-19 in an online survey among representative samples of the population (in terms of region, gender, age group and education) in seven European countries (N = 7.662). Looking at the open text explanations given to the category "other", we saw that a common concern seems to be that a COVID-19 vaccine might be experimental, without any studies on side effects, and that the vaccine may not be safe for specific groups, such as for pregnant woman, people with pre-existing conditions like MS, allergic persons etc. If this group needs to be convinced to be vaccinated to get to herd immunity, clear communication about safety, and potential side effects of the vaccine is especially important. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6 doi: 10.1007/s10198-020-01208-6 id: cord-329344-06uk5sjp author: Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka title: COVID 19 - Clinical Picture in the Elderly Population: A Qualitative Systematic Review date: 2020-07-23 words: 5925.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329344-06uk5sjp.txt summary: In the following study, we constructed a systematic review to concisely summarize the clinical features, comorbidities, radiological/laboratory findings, and outcomes in the older adults. Only older individuals (≥60 years old) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were of interest in this review, hence any study that did not clearly separate the data according to this age bracket was excluded. Once the relevant studies were isolated, the two reviewers extracted the data independently into a standardized form with the following subheadings: paper Aging and Disease • Volume 11, Number 4, August 2020 990 information (such as publication date, number of patients, country, and gender), symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, complications, treatment, and outcome. Studies comparing data from solely dead vs discharged patients, were excluded from review estimation of mortality rate due to unclear total hospitalized elderly COVID-19 population [13, 25] . abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 tendency to affect the older individuals more severely, raises the need for a concise summary isolating this age population. Analysis of clinical features in light of most recently published data allows for improved understanding, and better clinical judgement. A thorough search was performed to collect all articles published from 1st of January to 1st of June 2020, using the keywords COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 followed by the generic terms elderly, older adults or older individuals. The quality assessment of studies and findings was performed by an adaptation of the STROBE statement and CERQual approach. Excluding duplicates, a total of 1598 articles were screened, of which 20 studies were included in the final analysis, pertaining to 4965 older COVID-19 patients (≥60 years old). Variety in symptoms was observed, with fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, or sputum production being the most common. Prominent changes in laboratory findings consistently indicated lymphopenia and inflammation and in some cases organ damage. Radiological examination reveals ground glass opacities with occasional consolidations, bilaterally, with a possible peripheral tendency. An evident fraction of the elderly population (25.7%) developed renal injury or impairment as a complication. Roughly 71.4% of the older adults require supplementary oxygen, while invasive mechanical ventilation was required in almost a third of the reported hospitalized older individuals. In this review, death occurred in 20.0% of total patients with a recorded outcome (907/4531). Variability in confidence of findings is documented. Variety in symptom presentation is to be expected, and abnormalities in laboratory findings are present. Risk for mortality is evident, and attention to the need for supplementary oxygen and possible mechanical ventilation is advised. Further data is required isolating this age population. Presented literature may allow for the construction of better predictive models of COVID-19 in older populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765959/ doi: 10.14336/ad.2020.0620 id: cord-325971-volbaipv author: Neupane, Karun title: Potential Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Pharmacological Development Efforts date: 2020-06-26 words: 3017.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325971-volbaipv.txt summary: Several drugs are being tested in the trials, and the United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has given Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients on May 1, 2020 [5] . Therapeutic remdesivir treatment in MERS-CoV inoculated rhesus macaques resulted in the reduction in clinical signs, virus replication, and the absence of lung lesions in 2/6 remdesivirtreated animals along with the reduction in lesion severity in three additional animals. In a randomized controlled clinical trial of 1063 patients conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), remdesivir has shown the efficacy in the early results against advanced COVID-19 (NCT04280705). In a retrospective observational study involving twenty patients with severe or critical COVID-19, treatment with tocilizumab in addition to lopinavir, methylprednisolone, other symptom relievers, and oxygen therapy, resulted in body temperature of all the patients returning to normal on the first day of receiving tocilizumab and significant relief of clinical symptoms synchronously in the following days. abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), first reported in China during December of 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection later spread very rapidly around the globe with over 8,708,008 cases reported, including more than 461,715 deaths reported across at least 216 countries by June 20, 2020. It was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. With the rapidly increasing number of positive cases and deaths, there is a dire need for effective treatment. An urgent unmet need led to the planning and opening of multiple drug development trials for treatment and vaccine development. In this article, we have compiled comprehensive data on many candidate drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, umifenovir, arbidol, lopinavir, ritonavir, baricitinib, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, azithromycin, baloxavir, oseltamivir, losartan, and tocilizumab. We have tabulated available data on various clinical trials testing various aspects of COVID-19 therapeutics. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8845 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8845 id: cord-349500-603v8lfb author: Neurath, Markus F title: Covid-19 and immunomodulation in IBD date: 2020-04-16 words: 6548.0 sentences: 386.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349500-603v8lfb.txt summary: Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infects ACE2 expressing epithelial cells in the lung and/or the intestine. The covid-19 receptor ACE2 is particularly highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells from the terminal ileum and to a lesser extent in the colon, where mucosal inflammation in patients with IBD (Crohn''s disease (CD); UC) is frequently detected. abstract: The current coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global health crisis due to covid-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although covid-19 leads to little or mild flu-like symptoms in the majority of affected patients, the disease may cause severe, frequently lethal complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure driven by hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm syndrome. This situation causes various major challenges for gastroenterology. In the context of IBD, several key questions arise. For instance, it is an important question to understand whether patients with IBD (eg, due to intestinal ACE2 expression) might be particularly susceptible to covid-19 and the cytokine release syndrome associated with lung injury and fatal outcomes. Another highly relevant question is how to deal with immunosuppression and immunomodulation during the current pandemic in patients with IBD and whether immunosuppression affects the progress of covid-19. Here, the current understanding of the pathophysiology of covid-19 is reviewed with special reference to immune cell activation. Moreover, the potential implications of these new insights for immunomodulation and biological therapy in IBD are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321269 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321269 id: cord-289550-b8f4a7o3 author: Neuwirth, C. title: Investigating duration and intensity of Covid-19 social-distancing strategies date: 2020-04-29 words: 3867.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289550-b8f4a7o3.txt summary: Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. 30 Specific objectives of this research are: 1) to investigate the effectiveness of contact 31 reduction policies with respect to intensity and duration and 2) to estimate the amount 32 of time to establish herd immunity by considering the national health care systems of 33 Austria and Sweden, which are very different in terms of critical care capabilities. If the use of 220 mitigation interventions is well balanced against capability limits, the time required to 221 establish herd immunity linearly scales with available capabilities of the health care 222 system (defined by the number of ICU beds in the simulation). abstract: The exponential character of the recent Covid-19 outbreak requires a change in strategy from containment to mitigation. Meanwhile, most countries apply social distancing with the objective to keep the number of critical cases below the capabilities of the health care system. Due to the novelty and rapid spread of the virus, an a priori assessment of this strategy was not possible. In this study, we present a model-based systems analysis to assess the effectiveness of social distancing measures in terms of intensity and duration of application. Results show a super-linear scaling between intensity (percent contact reduction) and required duration of application to have an added value (lower fatality rate). This holds true for an effective reproduction of R > 1 and is reverted for R < 1. If R is not reduced below 1, secondary effects of required long-term isolation are likely to unravel the added value of disease mitigation. We recommend an extinction strategy implemented by intense countermeasures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.20078022v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078022 id: cord-327363-z30zoogs author: Neve, D. title: On Modeling of COVID-19 for the Indian Subcontinent using Polynomial and Supervised Learning Regression date: 2020-10-16 words: 4311.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327363-z30zoogs.txt summary: In the current analysis, COVID-19 modeling is done for the Indian subcontinent based on the data collected for the total cases confirmed, daily recovered, daily deaths, total recovered and total deaths. Then different regression models like Polynomial Regression, Forest Regression, Support Vector Regression, Naive Bayes, were used to predict the situation till September 7, 2020 and an optimal model was proposed. Regression models are statistical sets of processes which are used to estimate or predict the target or dependent variable based on dependent variables. In Figure 10 , we have applied Random Forest Regression between total confirmed cases and number of days. We apply machine learning models to data set for predicting future values. Naive Bayes regression failed due to less accuracy and Random Forest ended up overfitting the data set. Prediction of new active cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic using multiple linear regression model Regression Model based COVID-19 outbreak predictions in India abstract: COVID-19, a recently declared pandemic by WHO has taken the world by storm causing catastrophic damage to human life. The novel cornonavirus disease was first incepted in the Wuhan city of China on 31st December 2019. The symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath or breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. Since the devastating phenomenon is essentially a time-series representation, accurate modeling may benefit in identifying the root cause and accelerate the diagnosis. In the current analysis, COVID-19 modeling is done for the Indian subcontinent based on the data collected for the total cases confirmed, daily recovered, daily deaths, total recovered and total deaths. The data is treated with total confirmed cases as the target variable and rest as feature variables. It is observed that Support vector regressions yields accurate results followed by Polynomial regression. Random forest regression results in overfitting followed by poor Bayesian regression due to highly correlated feature variables. Further, in order to examine the effect of neighbouring countries, Pearson correlation matrix is computed to identify geographic cause and effect. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.14.20212563v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20212563 id: cord-340155-jdddm2rz author: Neves, Sara E. title: Role of Ultrasound Guided Evaluation of Dyspnea in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-07-07 words: 2019.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340155-jdddm2rz.txt summary: 1, 2 Additional benefits of using bedside ultrasound in COVID patients include the ability to evaluate cardiac function in real-time and the reduction in number of health care workers exposed during clinical management (both medical examination and imaging assessment can be performed by a single physician at the bedside). In this article, we present three case scenarios which highlight the clinical feasibility of using ultrasonography along with discussion on a training model implemented by our team to educate the existing workforce on the principles of lung and cardiac point of care ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19-a narrative review Frequency of Abnormalities Detected by Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.005 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.005 id: cord-312499-gd2wgti3 author: Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima title: The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology date: 2020-05-13 words: 1182.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312499-gd2wgti3.txt summary: First, given that pre-school children have six to eight upper airway infections a year [5] caused by rhinovirus, influenza, syncytial respiratory virus, among others and, second, that children infected by SARS-CoV-2 will have mild and non-specific clinical presentations, it is impossible to clinically distinguish COVID-19 from other frequent respiratory infections in the young pediatric population. If diagnosis confirmation is not possible, anesthesiologists will consider children with upper airway infections as suspected COVID-19, and will need to apply appropriate protocols to reduce viral dissemination and risk of contamination. During induction of general anesthesia in suspected and confirmed patients, avoiding positive pressure ventilation using a face mask is recommended in order to reduce aerosol dissemination. Aimed at reducing the risk of contamination, the number of individuals in the operating room should be the minimum required for safe anesthetic induction: two anesthetists and one anesthesia assistant, for example. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.04.025 doi: 10.1016/j.bjane.2020.04.025 id: cord-254758-ubw0chrf author: Newbold, Stephen C. title: Effects of Physical Distancing to Control COVID-19 on Public Health, the Economy, and the Environment date: 2020-08-04 words: 10214.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254758-ubw0chrf.txt summary: Using recent estimates of the association between airborne particulate matter and the virulence of COVID-19, we find that accounting for air pollution co-benefits can significantly increase the intensity and duration of the optimal physical distancing policy. We develop an integrated epidemiological-economic model that includes a standard model of disease transmission, the monetized value of COVID-19 deaths averted and lives saved from exposure to air pollution, and the short-and long-run costs of physical distancing. Initial results of these studies suggest that airborne particulate matter could have a significant positive mediating influence on COVID-19 fatalities, so we use our model to explore the potential effect of this link on the optimal physical distancing policy. To examine the potential importance of such a link for the optimal physical distancing policy, we include an interaction between air pollution and the COVID-19 case fatality ratio, which appears in Eq. abstract: Physical distancing measures are important tools to control disease spread, especially in the absence of treatments and vaccines. While distancing measures can safeguard public health, they also can profoundly impact the economy and may have important indirect effects on the environment. The extent to which physical distancing measures should be applied therefore depends on the trade-offs between their health benefits and their economic costs. We develop an epidemiological-economic model to examine the optimal duration and intensity of physical distancing measures aimed to control the spread of COVID-19. In an application to the United States, our model considers the trade-off between the lives saved by physical distancing—both directly from stemming the spread of the virus and indirectly from reductions in air pollution during the period of physical distancing—and the short- and long-run economic costs that ensue from such measures. We examine the effect of air pollution co-benefits on the optimal physical distancing policy and conduct sensitivity analyses to gauge the influence of several key parameters and uncertain model assumptions. Using recent estimates of the association between airborne particulate matter and the virulence of COVID-19, we find that accounting for air pollution co-benefits can significantly increase the intensity and duration of the optimal physical distancing policy. To conclude, we broaden our discussion to consider the possibility of durable changes in peoples’ behavior that could alter local markets, the global economy, and our relationship to nature for years to come. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836854/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00440-1 id: cord-335549-fzusgbww author: Newby, J. title: Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-05-08 words: 5975.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335549-fzusgbww.txt summary: Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. People with a previous self-reported mental health diagnosis reported higher uncertainty, loneliness, 269 financial worries, COVID-19 fears (self and others), believed they were more likely to contract 270 had lower perceived behavioural control, had higher rates of psychological distress, health anxiety and 271 contamination fears, and lower physical activity than those without a self-reported mental health diagnosis 272 history. Having a personal history of chronic illness was a consistent predictor of higher depression, 366 anxiety and stress, whereas better self-rated health was associated with better mental health. abstract: The acute and long-term mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. The current study examined the acute mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 5070 adult participants in Australia, using an online survey administered during the peak of the outbreak in Australia (27th March to 7th April 2020). Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. 78% of respondents reported that their mental health had worsened since the outbreak, one quarter (25.9%) were very or extremely worried about contracting COVID-19, and half (52.7%) were worried about family and friends contracting COVID-19. Uncertainty, loneliness and financial worries (50%) were common. Rates of elevated psychological distress were higher than expected, with 62%, 50%, and 64% of respondents reporting elevated depression, anxiety and stress levels respectively, and one in four reporting elevated health anxiety in the past week. Participants with self-reported history of a mental health diagnosis had significantly higher distress, health anxiety, and COVID-19 fears than those without a prior mental health diagnosis. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. Results revealed that precautionary behaviours (e.g., washing hands, using hand sanitiser, avoiding social events) were common, although in contrast to previous research, higher engagement in hygiene behaviours was associated with higher stress and anxiety levels. These results highlight the serious acute impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of respondents, and the need for proactive, accessible digital mental health services to address these mental health needs, particularly for those most vulnerable, including people with prior history of mental health problems. Longitudinal research is needed to explore long-term predictors of poor mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961 id: cord-343877-jzkaee16 author: Newdick, Chris title: Tragic choices in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: on fairness, consistency and community date: 2020-08-07 words: 5265.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343877-jzkaee16.txt summary: Responding to recent calls (1) to safeguard individuals'' legal rights in decision-making in intensive care, and (2) for new authoritative national guidance for decision-making, this paper seeks to clarify what consistency and fairness demand in healthcare rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both a legal and ethical standpoint. Responding to recent calls (1) to safeguard individuals'' legal rights in decision-making in intensive care, and (2) for new authoritative national guidance for decision-making, this paper seeks to clarify what consistency and fairness demand in healthcare rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both a legal and ethical standpoint. Congruent with the position that UK courts have adopted for resource allocation decision-making in the NHS more generally, specific requirements for a procedural framework and substantive triage criteria to be applied within that framework during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered in detail. abstract: Tragic choices arise during the COVID-19 pandemic when the limited resources made available in acute medical settings cannot be accessed by all patients who need them. In these circumstances, healthcare rationing is unavoidable. It is important in any healthcare rationing process that the interests of the community are recognised, and that decision-making upholds these interests through a fair and consistent process of decision-making. Responding to recent calls (1) to safeguard individuals’ legal rights in decision-making in intensive care, and (2) for new authoritative national guidance for decision-making, this paper seeks to clarify what consistency and fairness demand in healthcare rationing during the COVID-19 pandemic, from both a legal and ethical standpoint. The paper begins with a brief review of UK law concerning healthcare resource allocation, considering how community interests and individual rights have been marshalled in judicial deliberation about the use of limited health resources within the National Health Service (NHS). It is then argued that an important distinction needs to be drawn between procedural and outcome consistency, and that a procedurally consistent decision-making process ought to be favoured. Congruent with the position that UK courts have adopted for resource allocation decision-making in the NHS more generally, specific requirements for a procedural framework and substantive triage criteria to be applied within that framework during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered in detail. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769095/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106487 id: cord-344939-rgxqobfw author: Ng, C. W. Q. title: Maintaining breast cancer care in the face of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-24 words: 1480.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344939-rgxqobfw.txt summary: The authors have prepared succinct recommendations regarding the care of patients with breast cancer, divided into phases that can easily be adapted to each units'' needs and resources, and stepped up or stepped down according to escalating and de‐escalating circumstances. The operational recommendations of the unit were developed after reviewing available guidelines 1-4 with the following priorities: patient safety and oncological outcomes; staff safety; and rationing of resources, prioritizing timely detection of cancers whose delayed diagnosis could significantly affect patient prognosis and survival. Patients with higher perioperative risks that potentially necessitate high-dependency or intensive care should be deferred to NACT/NAET if possible, as these are the most valuable resources for treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary International guidelines on radiation therapy for breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The battle of COVID‐19 is currently at different levels of intensity in each country and even each city. The authors have prepared succinct recommendations regarding the care of patients with breast cancer, divided into phases that can easily be adapted to each units' needs and resources, and stepped up or stepped down according to escalating and de‐escalating circumstances. The structure can also be transposed easily to different cancer types, enabling continued provision of best standards of care despite unprecedented stressors. [Image: see text] Surgery must go on url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880908/ doi: 10.1002/bjs.11835 id: cord-284335-bz3y03y0 author: Ng, Janice Natasha title: The Aftermath of COVID‐19 in Dermatology Practice: What''s next? date: 2020-06-05 words: 1045.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284335-bz3y03y0.txt summary: The rapidly increasing number of COVID‐19 patients and evidence of human‐to‐human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re-emerging their practices after COVID-19. All rights reserved On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic, with an estimated number of 118,000 positive cases in over 110 countries around the world, and a threat of further global spread. Months or even years from now, even if the declaration of this pandemic is lifted, we cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health-seeking behaviours of our patients. After this pandemic, patients will likely be more cautious in consulting for aesthetic concerns, thus we can provide educational material regarding the preventive measures for disease transmission in our practice. abstract: The rapidly increasing number of COVID‐19 patients and evidence of human‐to‐human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. The field of dermatology and procedural dermatology is not exempt from this global issue. We cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health‐seeking behaviours of our patients. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re‐emerging their practices after COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502318/ doi: 10.1111/jocd.13520 id: cord-316067-mlcczr8c author: Ng, Jia H. title: Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 4304.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316067-mlcczr8c.txt summary: For patients without ESKD, the independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjusting for covariates in Model 1 included increased age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, cancer, requiring mechanical ventilation, requiring vasoactive medications, high blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low albumin, high C-reactive protein (CRP) and high log transformed serum ferritin. After adjusting for variables in model 2, the independent risk factors J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f for in-hospital death among patients without ESKD were increased age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer, requiring mechanical ventilation and requiring vasoactive medications ( Table 3) . Among patients with ESKD, independent risk factors for in-hospital death after adjustment in model 1 were increased age, requiring mechanical ventilation and lymphopenia, elevated BUN and high log transformed serum ferritin. abstract: Given the high risk of infection-related mortality, patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may be at increased risk with COVID-19. To assess this, we compared outcomes of patients with and without ESKD, hospitalized with COVID-19. This was a retrospective study of patients admitted with COVID-19 from 13 New York. hospitals from March 1, 2020, to April 27, 2020, and followed through May 27, 2020. We measured primary outcome (in-hospital death), and secondary outcomes (mechanical ventilation and length of stay), Of 10,482 patients with COVID-19, 419 had ESKD. Patients with ESKD were older, had a greater percentage self-identified as Black, and more comorbid conditions. Patients with ESKD had a higher rate of in-hospital death than those without (31.7% vs 25.4%, odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.12 - 1.70). This increase rate remained after adjusting for demographic and comorbid conditions (adjusted odds ratio 1.37, 1.09 - 1.73). The odds of length of stay of seven or more days was higher in the group with compared to the group without ESKD in both the crude and adjusted analysis (1.62, 1.27 - 2.06; vs 1.57, 1.22 - 2.02, respectively). There was no difference in the odds of mechanical ventilation between the groups. Independent risk factors for in-hospital death for patients with ESKD were increased age, being on a ventilator, lymphopenia, blood urea nitrogen and serum ferritin. Black race was associated with a lower risk of death. Thus, among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, those with ESKD had a higher rate of in-hospital death compared to those without ESKD. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253820309455?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.030 id: cord-330464-j4o7m9ck author: Ng, Jun Jie title: Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-23 words: 2592.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330464-j4o7m9ck.txt summary: authors: Ng, Jun Jie; Gan, Tiffany R.X.; Niam, Jen Yong; Menon, Raj K.; Ho, Pei; Dharmaraj, Rajesh B.; Wong, Julian C.L.; Choong, Andrew M.T.L. title: Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic The initial surge in COVID-19 cases in late January 6 and February can be attributed to travellers from China visiting Singapore and causing limited 7 local transmission. Segregated team model 23 After the DORSCON alert level system was raised to orange on 7 February 2020, our 1 vascular surgery unit immediately adopted a segregated team model as part of its business 2 continuity plan. Thus far, we have not However, due to the various institutional policies implemented for COVID-19, the 21 amount of elective vascular surgery cases such as pre-emptive dialysis access creation, and 22 venous surgery have fallen. abstract: Singapore was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19, with the index patient diagnosed on 23 January 2020. For two weeks in February, we had the highest number of COVID-19 cases behind China. In this article, we summarize the key national and institutional policies that were implemented in response to COVID-19. We also describe in detail, with relevant data, how our vascular surgery practice has changed due to these policies and COVID-19. We show that with a segregated team model, the vascular surgery unit can still function whilst reducing risk of cross-contamination. We explain the various strategies adopted to reduce outpatient and inpatient volume. We provide a detailed breakdown of the type of vascular surgical cases that were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared it to preceding months. We discuss our operating room and personal protective equipment protocols when managing a COVID-19 patient and share how we continue surgical training amidst the pandemic. We also discuss the challenges we might face in the future as COVID-19 regresses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32454232/ doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.026 id: cord-297396-r1p7xn3a author: Ng, Ming-Yen title: Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Models for COVID-19 Positivity in a Hospital Setting date: 2020-09-15 words: 3251.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297396-r1p7xn3a.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To develop:(1) two validated risk prediction models for COVID-19 positivity using readily available parameters in a general hospital setting; (2) nomograms and probabilities to allow clinical utilisation.  Developed two simple-to use nomograms for identifying COVID-19 positive patients  Probabilities are provided to allow healthcare leaders to decide suitable cut-offs  Variables are age, white cell count, chest x-ray appearances and contact history  Model variables are easily available in the general hospital setting. To develop: (1) two validated risk prediction models for COVID-19 positivity using readily available parameters in a general hospital setting; (2) nomograms and probabilities to allow clinical utilisation. Thus, a COVID-19 prediction model based on clinical, laboratory and radiological findings which presents the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) would allow public healthcare systems to decide a suitable strategy on prioritizing tests when such RT-PCR availability is constrained. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop:(1) two validated risk prediction models for COVID-19 positivity using readily available parameters in a general hospital setting; (2) nomograms and probabilities to allow clinical utilisation. METHODS: Patients with and without COVID-19 were included from 4 Hong Kong hospitals. Database was randomly split 2:1 for model development database (n = 895) and validation database (n = 435). Multivariable logistic regression was utilised for model creation and validated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test and calibration plot. Nomograms and probabilities set at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 were calculated to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: 1330 patients (mean age 58.2 ± 24.5 years; 50.7% males; 296 COVID-19 positive) were recruited. First prediction model developed had age, total white blood cell count, chest x-ray appearances and contact history as significant predictors (AUC = 0.911 [CI = 0.880-0.941]). Second model developed has same variables except contact history (AUC = 0.880 [CI = 0.844-0.916]). Both were externally validated on H-L test (p = 0.781 and 0.155 respectively) and calibration plot. Models were converted to nomograms. Lower probabilities give higher sensitivity and NPV; higher probabilities give higher specificity and PPV. CONCLUSION: Two simple-to-use validated nomograms were developed with excellent AUCs based on readily available parameters and can be considered for clinical utilisation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220307384 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.022 id: cord-287361-cpd4yl6c author: Ng, Qin Xiang title: The Wounded Healer: A Narrative Review of the Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers date: 2020-06-20 words: 979.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287361-cpd4yl6c.txt summary: Expectedly, there have been increasing reports of high rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms amongst frontline medical staff (Lai et al., 2020; Tan et al., 2020) , and calls for healthcare workers involved in the fight against COVID-19 to receive screening and counselling by professional mental health providers. A rapid review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the text words, "COVID-19" OR "nCoV" OR "SARS" OR "SARS-CoV-2" AND "mental health" OR "psychiatry" OR "psychology", "anxiety" OR "depression" OR "stress", up to 5 May, 2020, we found ten observational studies on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. -Levels of social support for medical staff were significantly associated with self-efficacy and sleep quality and negatively associated with the level of anxiety and stress. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102258 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102258 id: cord-260248-yp8x5zwi author: Ngonghala, Calistus N title: Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel Coronavirus date: 2020-04-18 words: 11136.0 sentences: 526.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260248-yp8x5zwi.txt summary: The model, parameterized using available COVID-19 mortality data (more reliable than case data, provides a realistic real-time assessment and estimate of the burden of the pandemic in the US state of New York, in addition to assessing some of the main intervention strategies being implemented in the state (in particular, quarantine, isolation, contact-tracing, social-distancing and the use of face-masks in public). The model, which incorporates the main non-pharmaceutical interventions being implemented to curtail COVID-19 transmission in a community (such as social-distancing, quarantine of suspected cases, isolation of confirmed cases, contact-tracing, testing and use of face-masks in public), is formulated based on stratifying the total human population at time t, denoted by N (t), into the mutually-exclusive compartments of non-quarantined susceptible (S u (t)), quarantined susceptible (S q (t)), non-quarantined exposed (i.e., newly-infected individuals who do not yet show symptoms of the disease and cannot transmit infection, E u (t)), quarantined exposed (E q (t)), symptomatically-infectious (I u (t)), asymptomatically-infectious (I a (t)), hospitalized/isolated (I h (t)), intensive care patients (I icu (t)) and recovered (R(t)), so that abstract: A pandemic of a novel Coronavirus emerged in December of 2019 (COVID-19), causing devastating public health impact across the world. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine or antivirals, strategies for con- trolling and mitigating the burden of the pandemic are focused on non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social-distancing, contact-tracing, quarantine, isolation and the use of face-masks in public. We develop a new mathematical model for assessing the population-level impact of the aforementioned control and mitigation strategies. Rigorous analysis of the model shows that the disease-free equilibrium is locally-asymptotically stable if a certain epidemiological threshold, known as the reproduction number (denoted by Rc), is less than unity. This equilibrium is globally-asymptotically stable, for a special case of the model where quarantined-susceptible individuals do not acquire COVID-19 infection during quarantine, when Rc is less than unity. The epidemiological consequence of this theoretical result is that, the community-wide implementation of control interventions that can bring (and maintain) Rc to a value less than unity will lead to the effective control (or elimination) of COVID-19 in the community. Simulations of the model, using data relevant to COVID-19 transmission dynamics in the US state of New York and the entire US, show that the pandemic burden will peak in mid and late April, respectively. The worst-case scenario projections for cumulative mortality (based on baseline levels of interventions) are 105, 100 for New York state and 164, 000 for the entire US by the end of the pandemic. These numbers dramatically decreased by 80% and 64%, respectively, if adherence to strict social-distancing measures is improved and maintained until the end of May or June. The duration and timing of the relaxation or termination of the strict social-distancing measures are crucially important in determining the future trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that early termination of the strict social-distancing measures could trigger a devastating second wave with burden similar to those projected before the onset of the strict social-distance measures were implemented. The use of efficacious face-masks (such as surgical masks, with estimated efficacy ≥ 70%) in public could lead to the elimination of the pandemic if at least 70% of the residents of New York state use such masks in public consistently (nationwide, a compliance of at least 80% will be required using such masks). The use of low efficacy masks, such as cloth masks (of estimated efficacy less than 30%), could also lead to significant reduction of COVID-19 burden (albeit, they are not able to lead to elimination). Combining low efficacy masks with improved levels of the other anti-COVID-19 intervention strategies can lead to the elimination of the pandemic. This study emphasizes the important role social-distancing plays in curtailing the burden of COVID-19. Increases in the adherence level of social-distancing protocols result in dramatic reduction of the burden of the pandemic, and the timely implementation of social-distancing measures in numerous states of the US may have averted a catastrophic outcome with respect to the burden of COVID-19. Using face-masks in public (including the low efficacy cloth masks) is very useful in minimizing community transmission and burden of COVID-19, provided their coverage level is high. The masks coverage needed to eliminate COVID-19 decreases if the masks-based intervention is combined with the strict social-distancing strategy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20066480 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20066480 id: cord-302987-znogutwp author: Nguyen, Anne X title: Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide date: 2020-07-07 words: 4160.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302987-znogutwp.txt summary: RESULTS: Ten out of 12 major international ophthalmology societies from countries covering all six WHO regions have given recommendations regarding urgent patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and personal protective equipment when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to assess the major international ophthalmology societies'' recommendations regarding patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overview of ophthalmology societies The 12 ophthalmology societies examined include the following: the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) in the UK, 6 the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), 7 the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS), 8 SEO, 9 SFO, DOG, 10 SOI, 11 JOS, 12 the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), 13 the Ophthalmological Society of South Africa (OSSA), 14 CHOS 15 and IRSO 16 (table 1) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a public health emergency, medical societies around the world published COVID-19 recommendations to physicians to ensure patient care and physician safety. During this pandemic, ophthalmologists around the world adapted their clinical and surgical practice following such guidelines. This original research examines all publicly available COVID-19 recommendations from twelve major ophthalmology societies around the world. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Twelve ophthalmology societies recognised by the International Council of Ophthalmology were included in this study. One society per each WHO region was included: the society selected was the one who had the highest number of national COVID-19 confirmed cases on 11 May 2020. In addition to these countries, the major ophthalmology society in each G7 country was included. RESULTS: Ten out of 12 major international ophthalmology societies from countries covering all six WHO regions have given recommendations regarding urgent patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and personal protective equipment when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all guidelines emphasise the importance of postponing non-urgent care and taking necessary safety measures, specific recommendations differ between countries. CONCLUSIONS: As there is no clear consensus on ophthalmology guidelines across countries, this paper highlights the differences in international ophthalmic care recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of the differences in ophthalmic management plans will allow ophthalmologists and all eye care providers to consider the variety of international approaches and apply best practices following evidence-based recommendations during pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525 doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525 id: cord-348269-6z0kiapa author: Nguyen, Quynh C. title: Using 164 Million Google Street View Images to Derive Built Environment Predictors of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-09-01 words: 5833.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348269-6z0kiapa.txt summary: We leveraged Google Street View (GSV) images and computer vision to detect built environment features (presence of a crosswalk, non-single family home, single-lane roads, dilapidated building and visible wires). In examining associations between built environment characteristics and COVID cases, we controlled for demographic compositional characteristics of areas and population density, which has previously been utilized in econometric studies as a proxy for air pollution and other factors found with greater prevalence in urban areas [15, 16] . Additionally, previous studies found that physical disorder in the neighborhood environments is significantly associated with higher prevalence of chronic diseases [19] and poor self-rated health [20] , which also increases the chances of contracting COVID-19 [21, 22] . From GSV images, we created indicators of urban development (non-single family home, single lane roads), walkability (crosswalks, sidewalks), and physical disorder (dilapidated building, visible utility wires). abstract: The spread of COVID-19 is not evenly distributed. Neighborhood environments may structure risks and resources that produce COVID-19 disparities. Neighborhood built environments that allow greater flow of people into an area or impede social distancing practices may increase residents’ risk for contracting the virus. We leveraged Google Street View (GSV) images and computer vision to detect built environment features (presence of a crosswalk, non-single family home, single-lane roads, dilapidated building and visible wires). We utilized Poisson regression models to determine associations of built environment characteristics with COVID-19 cases. Indicators of mixed land use (non-single family home), walkability (sidewalks), and physical disorder (dilapidated buildings and visible wires) were connected with higher COVID-19 cases. Indicators of lower urban development (single lane roads and green streets) were connected with fewer COVID-19 cases. Percent black and percent with less than a high school education were associated with more COVID-19 cases. Our findings suggest that built environment characteristics can help characterize community-level COVID-19 risk. Sociodemographic disparities also highlight differential COVID-19 risk across groups of people. Computer vision and big data image sources make national studies of built environment effects on COVID-19 risk possible, to inform local area decision-making. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176359 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176359 id: cord-342810-41dghl0c author: Nguyen, Thanh N. title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidance in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic -An opinion to mitigate exposure and conserve personal protective equipment date: 2020-06-05 words: 3908.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342810-41dghl0c.txt summary: Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current Coronavirus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and health care providers. When a patient with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is at risk for impending respiratory failure (i.e. orthopnea or respiratory distress lying flat, high oxygen requirement, rapid neurological decline), consider early and controlled intubation in a negative pressure room in the ER/ICU/OR with staff wearing full PPE including N95 mask, gown, double gloves, face shield or per local institutional COVID-19 intubation policy. abstract: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients require frequent neurological examinations, neuroradiographic diagnostic testing and lengthy intensive care unit stay. Previously established SAH treatment protocols are impractical to impossible to adhere to in the current COVID-19 crisis due to the need for infection containment and shortage of critical care resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE). Centers need to adopt modified protocols to optimize SAH care and outcomes during this crisis. In this opinion piece, we assembled a multidisciplinary, multicenter team to develop and propose a modified guidance algorithm that optimizes SAH care and workflow in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. This guidance is to be adapted to the available resources of a local institution and does not replace clinical judgment when faced with an individual patient. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105010 id: cord-154587-qbmm5st9 author: Nguyen, Thanh Thi title: Artificial Intelligence in the Battle against Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Survey and Future Research Directions date: 2020-07-30 words: 8182.0 sentences: 463.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-154587-qbmm5st9.txt summary: We separate surveyed papers into different groups that include: deep learning algorithms for medical image processing, data science methods for pandemic modelling, AI and the Internet of Things (IoT), AI for text mining and NLP, and AI in computational biology and medicine. Another deep learning method based on the concatenation between the location-attention mechanism and the threedimensional CNN ResNet-18 network [6] is proposed in [9] to detect coronavirus cases using pulmonary CT images. Radiology images such as chest X-ray and CT scans are high-dimensional data that require processing capabilities of deep learning methods in which CNN-based models are common and most suitable (e.g. LeNet [2] , AlexNet [3] , GoogLeNet [4] , VGG Net [5] and ResNet [6] ). These applications range from medical diagnosis based on chest radiology images, virus transmission modelling and forecasting based on number of cases time series and IoT data, text mining and NLP to capture the public awareness of virus prevention measures, to biological data analysis for drug discovery. abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied widely in our daily lives in a variety of ways with numerous successful stories. AI has also contributed to dealing with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been happening around the globe. This paper presents a survey of AI methods being used in various applications in the fight against the COVID-19 outbreak and outlines the crucial roles of AI research in this unprecedented battle. We touch on a number of areas where AI plays as an essential component, from medical image processing, data analytics, text mining and natural language processing, the Internet of Things, to computational biology and medicine. A summary of COVID-19 related data sources that are available for research purposes is also presented. Research directions on exploring the potentials of AI and enhancing its capabilities and power in the battle are thoroughly discussed. We highlight 13 groups of problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic and point out promising AI methods and tools that can be used to solve those problems. It is envisaged that this study will provide AI researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of AI applications and motivate researchers in harnessing AI potentials in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07343v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-279488-oc0edgd2 author: Nguyen, Trieu title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics date: 2020-03-14 words: 3233.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279488-oc0edgd2.txt summary: title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency [1] over the outbreak of the new coronavirus, called the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated in Wuhan City, in the Hubei Province of China. The current standard molecular technique that is now being used to detect COVID-19 is the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). In the case of a public health emergency such as the COVID-19 outbreak, this time-consuming process of sample testing is not only extremely disadvantageous, but also dangerous since the virus needs to be contained. Rapid and simple colorimetric detection of multiple influenza viruses infecting humans using a reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic platform abstract: We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. With this perspective, we give suggestions regarding a potential candidate for the rapid detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as factors for the preparedness and response to the outbreak of the COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11030306 doi: 10.3390/mi11030306 id: cord-281400-ho2m7nqn author: Nguyen, Van Thu title: Research response to COVID-19 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials date: 2020-10-21 words: 2313.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281400-ho2m7nqn.txt summary: We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. Up to August J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f In certain countries, the sample size is relatively small for trials evaluating COVID-19 treatments ( Timing of research response to the evolution of the pandemic In Europe, Spain registered only 2/93 trials (2%) before the peak (i.e., March 27, 2020. Our interactive living mapping of COVID-19 research was designed to help decision makers use data from clinical registries for an up-to-date picture of all research questions being investigated so as to prioritize research and avoid waste in research (26) . abstract: Background Researchers worldwide are actively engaging in research activities to search for preventive and therapeutic interventions against COVID-19. Our aim was to describe the planning of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in terms of timing related to the course of the COVID-19 epidemic and research question evaluated. Method We performed a living mapping of RCTs registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. Results By August 12, 2020, 1,568 trials for COVID-19 were registered worldwide. Overall, the median ([Q1-Q3]; range) delay between the first case recorded in each country and the first RCT registered was 47 days ([33-67]; 15-163). For the 9 countries with the highest number of trials registered, most trials were registered after the peak of the epidemic (from 100% trials in Italy to 38% in the United States). Most trials evaluated treatments (1,333 trials; 85%); only 223 (14%) evaluated preventive strategies and 12 post-acute period intervention. A total of 254 trials were planned to assess different regimens of hydroxychloroquine with an expected sample size of 110,883 patients. Conclusion This living mapping analysis showed that COVID-19 trials have relatively small sample size with certain redundancy in research questions. Most trials were registered when the first peak of the pandemic have passed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096223/ doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.010 id: cord-338628-7l9b5mqp author: Nguyen-Huynh, Mai N. title: Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 words: 3260.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338628-7l9b5mqp.txt summary: We aimed to compare temporal trends in volume of acute stroke alerts, patient characteristics, telestroke care, and short-term outcomes preand post-SIP orders. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, regional stroke alert and ischemic stroke discharge volumes decreased significantly in the early COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine whether a decrease in acute stroke presentations occurred during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Northern California and to assess differences in patient characteristics and hospital outcomes for those who presented for acute stroke evaluation during the pandemic compared with those who presented before the pandemic. Furthermore, patients presenting to the ED after May 9, 2020, were more similar to those in the pre-SIP cohort (January 1, 2019 to March 14, 2020) with regard to having a lower NIHSS score, higher percentage of stroke mimics, and fewer LVOs, but they were more similar to the post-SIP cohort (March 15, 2020 to May 9, 2020) with regard to arriving more by emergency medical services and having a lower Comorbidity Point Score, version 2, score (Tables I and II in the Data Supplement). abstract: Shelter-in-place (SIP) orders implemented to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread may inadvertently discourage patient care-seeking behavior for critical conditions like acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to compare temporal trends in volume of acute stroke alerts, patient characteristics, telestroke care, and short-term outcomes pre- and post-SIP orders. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study in 21 stroke centers of an integrated healthcare system serving 4.4+ million members across Northern California. We included adult patients who presented with suspected acute stroke and were evaluated by telestroke between January 1, 2019, and May 9, 2020. SIP orders announced the week of March 15, 2020, created pre (January 1, 2019, to March 14, 2020) and post (March 15, 2020, to May 9, 2020) cohort for comparison. Main outcomes were stroke alert volumes and inpatient mortality for stroke. RESULTS: Stroke alert weekly volume post-SIP (mean, 98 [95% CI, 92–104]) decreased significantly compared with pre-SIP (mean, 132 [95% CI, 130–136]; P<0.001). Stroke discharges also dropped, in concordance with acute stroke alerts decrease. In total, 9120 patients were included: 8337 in pre- and 783 in post-SIP cohorts. There were no differences in patient demographics. Compared with pre-SIP, post-SIP patients had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (P=0.003), lower comorbidity score (P<0.001), and arrived more often by ambulance (P<0.001). Post-SIP, more patients had large vessel occlusions (P=0.03), and there were fewer stroke mimics (P=0.001). Discharge outcomes were similar for post-SIP and pre-SIP cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, regional stroke alert and ischemic stroke discharge volumes decreased significantly in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with pre-SIP, the post-SIP population showed no significant demographic differences but had lower comorbidity scores, more severe strokes, and more large vessel occlusions. The inpatient mortality was similar in both cohorts. Further studies are needed to understand the causes and implications of care avoidance to patients and healthcare systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031099 doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031099 id: cord-351940-cg0bewqb author: Ngwira, A. title: A snap shot of space and time dynamics of COVID-19 risk in Malawi. An application of spatial temporal model date: 2020-09-14 words: 3530.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351940-cg0bewqb.txt summary: Semiparametric spatial temporal models were fitted to the number of weekly confirmed cases as an outcome data, with time and location as independent variables. A few studies that have used the statistical approach to spatial temporal analysis to my knowledge are Gayawan et al (2020) who used the Possion hurdle model to take into account excess zero counts of COVID-19 cases, Briz-Redon and Serrano Aroca (2020) who used the separable random effects model with structured and unstructured area and time effects, and Chen et al (2020) who used the inseparable spatial temporal model. Since the p-values of the correlation coefficients were more than 0.20, the significance level set to select potential covariates, the two covariates, population density and proportion of those with running water were dropped when fitting the spatial temporal models of the weekly confirmed cases of COVID-19. abstract: Background: COVID-19 has been the greatest challenge the world has faced since the second world war. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of COVID-19 in both space and time in Malawi. Methods: The study used publicly available data of COVID-19 cases for the period from 24th June to 20th August, 2020. Semiparametric spatial temporal models were fitted to the number of weekly confirmed cases as an outcome data, with time and location as independent variables. Results: The study found significant main effect of location and time with the two interacting. The spatial distribution of COVID-19 showed major cities being at greater risk than rural areas. Over time the COVID-19 risk was increasing then decreasing in most districts with the rural districts being consistently at lower risk. Conclusion. Future or present strategies to avert the spread of COVID-19 should target major cities by limiting international exposure. In addition, the focus should be on time points that had shown high risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.12.20192914 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20192914 id: cord-300324-95fty9yi author: Ni Lochlainn, M. title: Key predictors of attending hospital with COVID19: An association study from the COVID Symptom Tracker App in 2,618,948 individuals date: 2020-04-29 words: 4271.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300324-95fty9yi.txt summary: Conclusions: Being older, obese, diabetic or suffering from pre-existing lung, heart or renal disease placed participants at increased risk of visiting hospital with COVID-19. Visit to hospital as outcome were fit to test for association between i) self-reported obesity and ii) chronic lung disease and asthma, heart disease, diabetes and kidney disease in the following groups: 1) self-reported COVID-19 infection with classical symptoms (SR-COVID19); 2) self-reported positive COVID-19 test results (T-COVID19); 3) imputed/predicted COVID-19 infection based on symptomatology (I-COVID19) Imputation for testing positive for COVID was performed using the data at day of maximum sum of symptoms and applying a logistic regression using coefficients defined previously (2) . In this study we found that age, obesity, diabetes and pre-existing lung, renal and cardiac disease, were risk factors for a hospital visit with COVID-19 amongst a large but relatively young, community-based population of app users. abstract: Objectives: We aimed to identify key demographic risk factors for hospital attendance with COVID-19 infection. Design: Community survey Setting: The COVID Symptom Tracker mobile application co-developed by physicians and scientists at Kings College London, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston and Zoe Global Limited was launched in the UK and US on 24th and 29th March 2020 respectively. It captured self-reported information related to COVID-19 symptoms and testing. Participants: 2,618,948 users of the COVID Symptom Tracker App. UK (95.7%) and US (4.3%) population. Data cut-off for this analysis was 21st April 2020. Main outcome measures: Visit to hospital and for those who attended hospital, the need for respiratory support in three subgroups (i) self-reported COVID-19 infection with classical symptoms (SR-COVID-19), (ii) self-reported positive COVID-19 test results (T-COVID-19), and (iii) imputed/predicted COVID-19 infection based on symptomatology (I-COVID-19). Multivariate logistic regressions for each outcome and each subgroup were adjusted for age and gender, with sensitivity analyses adjusted for comorbidities. Classical symptoms were defined as high fever and persistent cough for several days. Results: Older age and all comorbidities tested were found to be associated with increased odds of requiring hospital care for COVID-19. Obesity (BMI >30) predicted hospital care in all models, with odds ratios (OR) varying from 1.20 [1.11; 1.31] to 1.40 [1.23; 1.60] across population groups. Pre-existing lung disease and diabetes were consistently found to be associated with hospital visit with a maximum OR of 1.79 [1.64,1.95] and 1.72 [1.27; 2.31]) respectively. Findings were similar when assessing the need for respiratory support, for which age and male gender played an additional role. Conclusions: Being older, obese, diabetic or suffering from pre-existing lung, heart or renal disease placed participants at increased risk of visiting hospital with COVID-19. It is of utmost importance for governments and the scientific and medical communities to work together to find evidence-based means of protecting those deemed most vulnerable from COVID-19. Trial registration: The App Ethics have been approved by KCL ethics Committee REMAS ID 18210, review reference LRS-19/20-18210 url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.25.20079251v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20079251 id: cord-308673-dkmpayk4 author: Ni, Li title: Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan date: 2020-03-13 words: 1701.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308673-dkmpayk4.txt summary: Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). The present report described a family case, including three cases who received western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL) treatments and achieved rapid recovery. On January 28, the patient was diagnosed of COVID-19 with positive 2019-nCoV test using nasopharyngeal swab specimen (Table 1 ) and chest CT scan showing patchy ground glass opacity in the right lower lung subpleural fields (Fig. 4) . This report described the first typical family case of COVID-19 treated using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL because of poor response to other treatments. All their symptoms resolved after using the Chinese traditional patent medicine SHL and rapidly recovered without obvious adverse effects when the patients showed no response and their symptoms continued to aggravate after other treatments, including IVIG (5 g per day) and dexamethasone, antibiotics, and antivirus compounds. abstract: In December 2019, an outbreak of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. By February 14, 2020, it has led to 66 492 confirmed patients in China and high mortality up to ∼2.96% (1123/37 914) in Wuhan. Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). This report describes the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of three cases from a family, suggests the expected therapeutic effects of SHL on COVID-19, and warrants further clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170559/ doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0757-x id: cord-282571-ilf73g71 author: Ni, Wentao title: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 5424.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282571-ilf73g71.txt summary: Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV enter host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is expressed in various human organs. In addition to the direct viral effects and inflammatory and immune factors associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis, ACE2 downregulation and the imbalance between the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS after infection may also contribute to multiple organ injury in COVID-19. Autopsies of SARS patients showed that SARS-CoV infection can cause injury to multiple organs, such as the heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, and adrenal and thyroid glands, besides the lungs [30, 31] . Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV infection can downregulate ACE2 expression on cells, thereby disrupting the physiological balance between ACE/ACE2 and Ang-II/angiotensin-(1-7) and subsequently causing severe organ injury [44] [45] [46] [47] . Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS abstract: ABSTRACT: An outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that started in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 has become a global pandemic. Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV enter host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is expressed in various human organs. We have reviewed previously published studies on SARS and recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), confirming that many other organs besides the lungs are vulnerable to the virus. ACE2 catalyzes angiotensin II conversion to angiotensin-(1–7), and the ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS axis counteracts the negative effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in maintaining the physiological and pathophysiological balance of the body. In addition to the direct viral effects and inflammatory and immune factors associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis, ACE2 downregulation and the imbalance between the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS after infection may also contribute to multiple organ injury in COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, which binds to ACE2, is a potential target for developing specific drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. Restoring the balance between the RAS and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS may help attenuate organ injuries. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 enters lung cells via the ACE2 receptor. The cell-free and macrophage-phagocytosed virus can spread to other organs and infect ACE2-expressing cells at local sites, causing multi-organ injury. [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32660650/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0 id: cord-355776-f8u66hbt author: Ni, Zhao title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date: 2020-09-09 words: 4354.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt summary: Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). Not only did they markedly increase their selfand community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. Unlike the other survey that found younger age (<35 years) and time spent (>3 hours daily) focusing on COVID-19, our assessment of urban dwellers found that GAD was correlated with being a healthcare worker, living in region more profoundly impacted by COVID-19, having poorer self-perceived health status, having a college education and having moderate to severe depression. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p <0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 id: cord-313989-bc7q8swu author: Nicholls, Stephen J. title: Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) # date: 2020-04-30 words: 3646.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313989-bc7q8swu.txt summary: Challenges The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced limitations for many patients to access standard health services such as visits to health care professionals, medications, imaging and blood tests as well as attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. Furthermore, in the patient with established atherosclerotic CVD, changes in access to the health care system has potential implications for high risk patients to receive secondary prevention strategies. Given the concern regarding the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of the coronavirus pandemic, the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) thought it appropriate to define the potential impact on the effective use of secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation and to make recommendations for patients and health care workers. International guidelines for the care of CVD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic includes advice to address CVD risk factors and promote recovery [12] , and cardiac rehabilitation programs have well-established efficacy for supporting patients with lifestyle change [13] . abstract: Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced a major disruption to the delivery of routine health care across the world. This provides challenges for the use of secondary prevention measures in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this Position Statement is to review the implications for effective delivery of secondary prevention strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced limitations for many patients to access standard health services such as visits to health care professionals, medications, imaging and blood tests as well as attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, the pandemic is having an impact on lifestyle habits and mental health. Taken together, this has the potential to adversely impact the ability of practitioners and patients to adhere to treatment guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. Recommendations Every effort should be made to deliver safe ongoing access to health care professionals and the use of evidenced based therapies in individuals with CVD. An increase in use of a range of electronic health platforms has the potential to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research programs that evaluate the utility of these approaches may provide important insights into how to develop more optimal approaches to secondary prevention beyond the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1443950620301359?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.007 id: cord-348566-48hovz3f author: Nichols, James H title: A Laboratory Risk Assessment during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-04-16 words: 1250.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348566-48hovz3f.txt summary: In the face of COVID-19, we have generally recommended that 1) all staff wear gloves when handling any specimen to prevent skin exposure to sample tubes that may have surface contamination with virus or where staff may contact body fluids that sometimes leak from specimen containers, 2) staff wear face shields and uncap specimens behind plexiglass barriers to prevent splashing or contact with specimen droplets or aerosols generated by uncapping tubes, 3) centrifuge specimens from suspected or known COVID-19 cases in closed centrifuges and utilize caps on the carriers to prevent release of fluid if a specimen breaks during processing, 4) staff avoid pipetting, diluting and vortexing in the open laboratory, instead conducting these procedures behind plexiglass barriers or in a biosafety cabinet, and 5) all manufacturer covers should be in place during equipment operation and the analyzer tops should be kept closed until the analyzer is placed in pause or stop mode (reagents should only be refilled when the analyzer is in standby and staff are less likely to be exposed to aerosols). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfaa061 doi: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa061 id: cord-317283-0zzs5cy8 author: Nicoletti, Angela title: Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data date: 2020-05-11 words: 1825.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317283-0zzs5cy8.txt summary: The majority of COVID-19 positive children had a close contact with an infected case or were family cluster cases and their age, at onset of disease, ranged from 1.5 months to 17 years (4) . In order to gain more insights into the outbreak of COVID-19, in our population of children and adolescents, we analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data and radiologic findings of patients who came to the Emergency Pediatric Department of Catanzaro (Italy), for an acute disease. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients (age, sex, location, date at symptom onset, , travel history and information on relatives) were collected using a standardized electronic medical record. Laboratory indices and chest X-ray descriptions, in our patients and in children and adolescents with COVID-19 infections reported in the literature, are also presented. A Case Series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features abstract: BACKGROUND: The new Coronavirus identified in Whuan at the end of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the Beta Coronavirus genus and is responsible for the new Coronavirus 2019 pandemia (COVID-19). Infected children may be asymptomatic or present fever, dry cough, fatigue or gastrointestinal symptoms. The CDC recommends that clinicians should decide to test patients based on the presence of signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 children (the majority < 5 years of age) were referred, to our Pediatric Department, as possible cases of COVID-19 infection. Blood analysis, chest X-ray, and naso-oropharyngeal swab specimens for viral identification of COVID-19 were requested. RESULTS: None of the screened children resulted positive for COVID-19 infection. At first presentation, the most frequent signs and symptoms were: fever (71.4%), fatigue (35.7%) and cough (30.9%). An high C-reactive protein value and abnormalities of chest X-ray (bronchial wall thickening) were detected in 26.2% and 19% of patients, respectively. Almost half of patients (45.2%) required hospitalization in our Pediatric Unit and one patient in Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: Testing people who meet the COVID-19 suspected case definition criteria is essential for clinical management and outbreak control. Children of all ages can get COVID-19, although they appear to be affected less frequently than adults, as reported in our preliminary survey. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9607 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9607 id: cord-343618-jjb8da4a author: Nie, Kai title: Gastrointestinal insights during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-26 words: 2046.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343618-jjb8da4a.txt summary: Thus, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, stool viral tests, and virus exposure are major concerns in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. Patients with digestive disease bear a relatively high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding suggests that gastrointestinal cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection [47] . To date, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD patients have been reported. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has so far caused hundreds of mortalities worldwide. Although respiratory symptoms are the main complication in COVID-19 patients, the disease is also associated with gastrointestinal problems, with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting being primary COVID-19 symptoms. Thus, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, stool viral tests, and virus exposure are major concerns in the context of COVID-19 epidemic. In patients with colorectal cancer and IBD, the colonic mucosa exhibits elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor levels, enhancing COVID-19 susceptibility. In some cases, positive viral stool tests may be the only indicator of infection at admission or after leaving quarantine. Without supplemental stool tests, the risk of undetected COVID-19 transmission is high. Moreover, viral exposure during the regular or emergency endoscopic examination should be avoided. We carefully discuss key gastrointestinal concerns with regard to COVID-19 and call for more attention to such problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024750/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3934 id: cord-266896-unb9yvjr author: Nihei, Yoshihito title: Continuous extracorporeal treatments in a dialysis patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 words: 2821.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266896-unb9yvjr.txt summary: Inflammatory cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to play a central role in COVID-19; therefore, treatments for suppressing cytokines, including extracorporeal treatments, are considered to be beneficial. The cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily characterised by elevated plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), plays a central role in COVID-19 [2] ; therefore, its suppression is considered a key treatment approach in patients with COVID-19. Especially, CHDF is reported to continually suppress inflammatory cytokines and has been used in critically ill patients, including those with septic shock, ARDS and infections with viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus [5] . We herein present a patient on PD who became critically ill due to COVID-19 and was treated with several extracorporeal treatments including PE, PMX-DHP and CHDF to suppress the cytokine storm. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is now a major global health threat. More than half a year have passed since the first discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), no effective treatment has been established especially in intensive care unit. Inflammatory cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to play a central role in COVID-19; therefore, treatments for suppressing cytokines, including extracorporeal treatments, are considered to be beneficial. However, until today the efficacy of removing cytokines by extracorporeal treatments in patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Herein, we report our experience with a 66-year-old male patient undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis who became critically ill with COVID-19 and underwent several extracorporeal treatment approaches including plasma exchange, direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column and continuous hemodiafiltration. Though the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) repeatedly and subacute cerebral infarction and finally died for respiratory failure on day 30 after admission, these attempts appeared to dampen the cytokine storm based on the observed decline in serum IL-6 levels and were effective against ARDS and secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This case suggests the significance of timely initiation of extracorporeal treatment approaches in critically ill patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13730-020-00538-x doi: 10.1007/s13730-020-00538-x id: cord-276635-0ciy732e author: Nijjer, Sukhjinder Singh title: Optimal management of acute coronary syndromes in the era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 words: 4483.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276635-0ciy732e.txt summary: While PPCI remains the treatment of choice for STEMI, the number of COVID-19 cases in Wuhan and Lombardy raised sufficient concerns that thrombolysis should be considered in certain circumstances. Low-risk patients with low Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scores and small troponin-rises can be stratified, and if appropriate, then early urgent angiography can be considered on an ''outpatient'' basis without inpatient stays. The treatment for ACS is well established, and while Key points ► Prompt and early revascularisation, with appropriate personal protective equipment, remains the default treatment approach for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the COVID-19 era. ► Critically unwell patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, without onsite catheter lab facilities or too unstable for transfer should be considered for thrombolysis and activation of services for facilitated PCI if necessary. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction presentations and in-hospital outcomes abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317143 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317143 id: cord-346679-pgynu3s1 author: Nikogosov, Dimitri A title: Comment on “ApoE e4e4 genotype and mortality with COVID-19 in UK Biobank” by Kuo et al. date: 2020-08-17 words: 1146.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346679-pgynu3s1.txt summary: In the second study of COVID-19 mortality, authors reported an association between APOE*E4/*E4 homozygous status and increased risks of mortality with test-confirmed COVID-19 when compared to APOE*E3/*E3 homozygotes. When applied to the field of genetic association studies, hypothesis-aware approach greatly relaxes the threshold of the significance for detected associations by removing a necessity for an adjustment for multiple testing. In contrast, "hypothesis-free" approach of the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) sets the threshold for significance at 5×10 −8 with an allowance for minor fluctuations depending on the methodology [4] [5] [6] . In this light, it looks like a genome-wide P value threshold of at least 5×10 −8 should be mandatory for any reported genetic association regardless of the number of SNVs tested. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32803253/ doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa202 id: cord-340992-88t1c0zs author: Nikolai, Lea A title: Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible date: 2020-09-03 words: 3092.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340992-88t1c0zs.txt summary: Asymptomatic individuals carrying SARS-CoV-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. The first study cluster comprised of five family members from Anyang, China, who developed COVID-19 symptoms and tested positive by RT-PCR after acquiring the infection from the index case, an asymptomatic visitor from Wuhan who later tested positive 20 . Similar to the Diamond Princess, another study of an Argentinian expedition cruise ship found that 59% of the 217 passengers tested positive for COVID-19; 81% of those infected were asymptomatic virus carriers 24 . When assessing public health risks raised by asymptomatic COVID-19 cases it is important to determine whether the infectivity varies between asymptomatic, presymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Since this also indicates a higher incidence of asymptomatic infections in younger people, it needs to be examined whether this group, especially children, could silently, yet efficiently, contribute to the spread of COVID-19. Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: While successful containment measures of COVID-19 in China and many European countries have led to flattened curves, case numbers are rising dramatically in other countries, with the emergence of a second wave expected. Asymptomatic individuals carrying SARS-CoV-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. The data addressed here show that characteristics of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infection are not identical. Younger age correlates strongly with asymptomatic and mild infections, and children as hidden drivers. The estimated proportion of asymptomatic infections ranges from 18% to 81%. The current perception of asymptomatic infections does not provide clear guidance for public-health measures. Asymptomatic infections will be a key contributor in COVID-19 spread. Asymptomatic cases should be reported in official COVID-19 statistics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220307062?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076 id: cord-330880-6lx66w8h author: Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions date: 2020-08-08 words: 7740.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330880-6lx66w8h.txt summary: title: Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Due to these disruptions, shortterm real time forecasts (daily and weekly) about the pandemic and its effect on the supply chain have become a very important managerial and policy-making imperative. An accurate forecast of the evolution of new cases enables the more effective management of the resulting excess demand across the supply chain. To address this need, in this article we forecast the growth of the pandemic at the country-level and evaluate 52 time-series, epidemiological, machine-learning, and deep-learning techniques. We contribute to the latter, the field of SCM, by providing an input (the demand forecasts for the new cases and the selected products), which is essential to decision-making algorithms that involve stock-control, replenishment, advance purchasing, and even rationing 11 , i.e. situations that require a mean forecasted demand over the lead-time. abstract: Policymakers during COVID-19 operate in uncharted territory and must make tough decisions. Operational Research - the ubiquitous ‘science of better’ - plays a vital role in supporting this decision-making process. To that end, using data from the USA, India, UK, Germany, and Singapore up to mid-April 2020, we provide predictive analytics tools for forecasting and planning during a pandemic. We forecast COVID-19 growth rates with statistical, epidemiological, machine- and deep-learning models, and a new hybrid forecasting method based on nearest neighbors and clustering. We further model and forecast the excess demand for products and services during the pandemic using auxiliary data (google trends) and simulating governmental decisions (lockdown). Our empirical results can immediately help policymakers and planners make better decisions during the ongoing and future pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836717/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.08.001 id: cord-347459-8ju196uu author: Nikolovska, Manja title: “Show this thread”: policing, disruption and mobilisation through Twitter. An analysis of UK law enforcement tweeting practices during the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-21 words: 9390.0 sentences: 442.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347459-8ju196uu.txt summary: Moreover, in terms of the impact of tweets, as measured by the rate at which they are retweeted, followers were more likely to ''spread the word'' when the tweet was content-rich (discussed a crime specific matter and contained media), and account holders were themselves more active on Twitter. The analysis of 114,257 tweets and their metadata indicate that (a) most of the tweets focused on issues that were not specifically about crime; (b) during the time of crisis the stakeholders in question tended to increase their retweeting activity rather than creating original tweets; (c) the visibility of an account (number of followers and favouriting habits) and the richness of the content (discussing Covid-19, crime specific issues and including media such as images) were associated with the likelihood of messages spreading (both in terms of whether they were retweeted and the frequency with which this was so); (d) relative to the preceding 5 months, during the first 5 months of the pandemic tweets on Fraud, Cybercrime and Domestic abuse increased significantly. abstract: Crisis and disruption are often unpredictable and can create opportunities for crime. During such times, policing may also need to meet additional challenges to handle the disruption. The use of social media by officials can be essential for crisis mitigation and crime reduction. In this paper, we study the use of Twitter for crime mitigation and reduction by UK police (and associated) agencies in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that whilst most of the tweets from our sample concerned issues that were not specifically about crime, especially during the first stages of the pandemic, there was a significant increase in tweets about fraud, cybercrime and domestic abuse. There was also an increase in retweeting activity as opposed to the creation of original messages. Moreover, in terms of the impact of tweets, as measured by the rate at which they are retweeted, followers were more likely to ‘spread the word’ when the tweet was content-rich (discussed a crime specific matter and contained media), and account holders were themselves more active on Twitter. Considering the changing world we live in, criminal opportunity is likely to evolve. To help mitigate this, policy makers and researchers should consider more systematic approaches to developing social media communication strategies for the purpose of crime mitigation and reduction during disruption and change more generally. We suggest a framework for so doing. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00129-2 doi: 10.1186/s40163-020-00129-2 id: cord-035230-p999nlnc author: Nikopoulou, V. A. title: Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) date: 2020-11-10 words: 4626.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035230-p999nlnc.txt summary: title: Mental Health Screening for COVID-19: a Proposed Cutoff Score for the Greek Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) Altogether, although the cutoff scores of the Greek FCV-19S version were explored to further evaluate the scale''s validity, they may facilitate discrimination of adults with extreme COVID-19-related fear from those with normal fear reactions. The current analysis focuses on the association between the FCV-19S scale and other variables relevant to the participants'' psychological reaction to COVID-19, including anxiety, health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, SHAI Short Health Anxiety Inventory, PTSD-8 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-8 items cutoff score, indicating that intense fear has been diminished. This study provided empirical support for the scale''s adequacy to assess COVID-19-related fear and determined a cutoff point of 16.5 or higher with significant predictive power for anxiety, health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic elicited fear. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a newly developed self-reported measure, originally developed in Persian to assess COVID-19-related fear. To date, the scale has been translated and validated in 19 other languages, among which Greek. This study, conducted through an online survey, aimed to further explore the validity of the Greek FCV-19S version, as well as to identify appropriate cutoff scores. A total of 538 respondents completed the sociodemographic data sheet, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-8 inventory. According to the results, a cutoff point score of 16.5 or higher revealed a significant predictive power for anxiety, health anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Altogether, although the cutoff scores of the Greek FCV-19S version were explored to further evaluate the scale’s validity, they may facilitate discrimination of adults with extreme COVID-19-related fear from those with normal fear reactions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7654349/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00414-w id: cord-316135-kevyw19w author: Nikoupour, Hamed title: Pediatric liver transplantation and COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-06 words: 1661.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316135-kevyw19w.txt summary: To the best of the authors knowledge, to this date very little data exists on COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: For pediatric patients with organ transplantations, extreme caution should be taken, to limit and prevent their contact with COVID-19 during the outbreak, as these patients are highly susceptible to severe forms of the disease. LT recipients are among the most vulnerable groups with increased risk of infection but to this date there has been no report of COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. Although more cases need to be studied, extreme caution should be taken for pediatric patients with organ transplantations, in here liver transplantation, to limit and prevent their contact with COVID-19 during the outbreak, as these patients are highly susceptible to severe forms of the disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressed patients, including individuals with organ transplantation, have been among susceptible groups with regard to COVID-19, on the other hand pediatric patients more commonly undergo a mild clinical course after acquiring COVID-19. To the best of the authors knowledge, to this date very little data exists on COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a three year-old boy who had liver transplantation at 18 months old. He was admitted due to dyspnea with impression of acute respiratory distress syndrome and was then transferred to the intensive care unit. Chest X-ray at admission showed bilateral infiltration. Vancomycin, meropenem, azithromycin, voriconazole and co-trimoxazole were started from the first day of admission. On day 4 of admission, with suspicion of COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and oseltamivir were added to the antibiotic regimen. PCR was positive for COVID-19. The patient developed multi-organ failure and died on day 6 of admission. CONCLUSIONS: For pediatric patients with organ transplantations, extreme caution should be taken, to limit and prevent their contact with COVID-19 during the outbreak, as these patients are highly susceptible to severe forms of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12893-020-00878-6 doi: 10.1186/s12893-020-00878-6 id: cord-328562-g5i838b3 author: Niles, Meredith T. title: The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 5000.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328562-g5i838b3.txt summary: Respondents experiencing household food insecurity during COVID-19 (both newly and consistently food insecure) were significantly more likely (p < 0.001 comparison across all groups) to express higher levels of concern and worry about a variety of potential situations related to food access and COVID-19 ( Figure 2 , Table A7 ). Respondents experiencing household food insecurity during COVID-19 (both newly and consistently food insecure) were significantly more likely (p < 0.001 comparison across all groups) to express higher levels of concern and worry about a variety of potential situations related to food access and COVID-19 ( Figure 2 , Table A7 ). Compared to food secure households, new and consistently food insecure households were significantly more likely (p < 0.001) to find strategies to address physical or economic food access challenges helpful during COVID-19 (Table A11) . abstract: COVID-19 has disrupted food access and impacted food insecurity, which is associated with numerous adverse individual and public health outcomes. To assess these challenges and understand their impact on food security, we conducted a statewide population-level survey using a convenience sample in Vermont from 29 March to 12 April 2020, during the beginning of a statewide stay-at-home order. We utilized the United States Department of Agriculture six-item validated food security module to measure food insecurity before COVID-19 and since COVID-19. We assessed food insecurity prevalence and reported food access challenges, coping strategies, and perceived helpful interventions among food secure, consistently food insecure (pre-and post-COVID-19), and newly food insecure (post COVID-19) respondents. Among 3219 respondents, there was nearly a one-third increase (32.3%) in household food insecurity since COVID-19 (p < 0.001), with 35.5% of food insecure households classified as newly food insecure. Respondents experiencing a job loss were at higher odds of experiencing food insecurity (OR 3.06; 95% CI, 2.114–0.46). We report multiple physical and economic barriers, as well as concerns related to food access during COVID-19. Respondents experiencing household food insecurity had higher odds of facing access challenges and utilizing coping strategies, including two-thirds of households eating less since COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Significant differences in coping strategies were documented between respondents in newly food insecure vs. consistently insecure households. These findings have important potential impacts on individual health, including mental health and malnutrition, as well as on future healthcare costs. We suggest proactive strategies to address food insecurity during this crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072096 doi: 10.3390/nu12072096 id: cord-331995-7113c613 author: Niles, P. Mimi title: Reflecting on Equity in Perinatal Care During a Pandemic date: 2020-07-28 words: 1892.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331995-7113c613.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331995-7113c613.txt summary: The explicit lack of standardization of evidence-based maternity care, whether expressed in clinical protocols or institutional policy, has disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. We conducted a thoughtful review of the available literature regarding COVID-19, in the framework of existing literature on equitable maternity care that centers the lived experiences of birthing people. To date, research about maternity care during COVID-19 has been restricted to small case studies, which is warranted as little is known about this virus. Professional organizations, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) or the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM), have yet to address or understand the potential long-term health impacts of the overuse of interventions during this pandemic. A policy of no support persons unduly impacts marginalized communities and implicitly reinforces the ''''sacrificial'''' or expendable status of Black and indigenous parents, who have long borne the consequences of mistreatment and abandonment in their health care experiences. abstract: Growing discourse around maternity care during the pandemic offers an opportunity to reflect on how this crisis has amplified inequities in health care. We argue that policies upholding the rights of birthing people, and policies decreasing the risk of COVID-19 transmission are not mutually exclusive. The explicit lack of standardization of evidence-based maternity care, whether expressed in clinical protocols or institutional policy, has disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. If these factors remain unexamined, then it would seem that equity is not the priority, but retaining power and control is. We advocate for a comprehensive understanding of how this pandemic has revealed our deepest failures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775943/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0022 id: cord-294517-tqpf95kk author: Nimgaonkar, I. title: The Age Pattern of the Male- to- Female Ratio in Mortality from COVID-19 Mirrors that of Cardiovascular Disease but not Cancer in the General Population date: 2020-07-11 words: 3165.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294517-tqpf95kk.txt summary: Moreover, we found a similar pattern in sex ratio of deaths by age for cardiovascular disease, which is strongly associated with increased risk of dying from COVID-19. In searching for explanations for the distinctive pattern of deaths in COVID-19, we first examined variation by age group in the male-to-female (sex) ratio of mortality in data from the . Since the COVID-19 data were not linked to population databases with individual-level health information, we could not specifically examine the potential contribution of CVD to the age pattern of the sex mortality ratio from COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20149013 doi: medRxiv preprint persons older than 60 years, might partially reflect the same underlying mechanisms that drive the age pattern of the sex mortality ratio for CVD in the general population. abstract: Background: Males are at a higher risk of dying from COVID-19. Older age and cardiovascular disease are also associated with COVID-19 mortality. We compared the male-to-female (sex) ratios in mortality by age for COVID-19 with cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality in the general population. Methods: We obtained data from official government sources in the US and five European countries: Italy, Spain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. We analyzed COVID-19 deaths by sex and age in these countries and similarly analyzed their deaths from cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease or stroke) and cancer, the two leading age-related causes of death in middle-to-high income countries. Findings: In both the US and European countries, the sex ratio of deaths from COVID-19 exceeded one throughout adult life. The sex ratio increased up to a peak in midlife, and then declined markedly in later life. This pattern was also observed for the sex ratio of deaths from cardiovascular disease, but not cancer, in the general populations of the US and European countries. Interpretation: The sex ratios of deaths from COVID-19 and from cardiovascular disease exhibit similar patterns across the adult life course. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, but could stem partially from sex-related biological differences that underlie the similar pattern for cardiovascular disease. These include, we propose, comparatively longer telomeres in females, ovarian hormones, and X chromosome mosaicism. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.10.20149013v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20149013 id: cord-320603-pus087p8 author: Ning, Xianjun title: The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-09-05 words: 4417.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt summary: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. Unlike medical workers who are fighting on the front line, doctors and nurses in neurology departments may be less likely to receive training, including diagnostic testing for COVID-19, responses to infectious diseases, and appropriate donning and removal of personnel protective equipment [21] . This is the first study to report the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression among neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurological symptoms are increasingly being noted among COVID-19 patients. Currently, there is little data on the mental health of neurological healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among neurological doctors and nurses in early February 2020 in Hunan Province. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Chinese version of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (defined as a total score ≥ 50) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) (defined as a total score ≥ 53). The prevalences of probable anxiety and depression were compared between different groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to understand the independent influencing factors on anxiety and depression. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression in neurological nurses (20.3 and 30.2%, respectively) was higher than that in doctors (12.6 and 20.2%, respectively). Female healthcare workers (18.4%) had a higher proportion of anxiety than males (10.8%). Probable anxiety and depression were more prevalent among nurses, younger workers (≤ 40 years), and medical staff with junior titles. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS: Probable anxiety and depression were more prevalent among neurological nurses than doctors in Hunan Province. The shortage of protective equipment led to probable anxiety, and young age led to probable depression in healthcare workers in neurology departments, which merits attention during the battle against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32891124/ doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02838-z id: cord-348388-nkosag8m author: Nirenberg, Michael S. title: Foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr virus: A case study date: 2020-06-22 words: 1675.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348388-nkosag8m.txt summary: The authors present a case study chronicling the progression of foot issues in a COVID-19 positive patient who also was positive for the Epstein-Barr virus. This case study provides a description of the progression of foot manifestations in a patient in Spain who tested positively for COVID-19 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and may have also contracted parvovirus B19 (B19). This case study is one of the first to document the progression of the foot manifestations in a patient with COVID-19, EBV, and who also possibly had B19. In the case presented, both EBV and B19 are known to cause cutaneous manifestations, and as such, either one of these may have been the cause of the patient''s foot issues, alone or in combination with COVID-19. This case highlights the progression of foot manifestations in a patient co-infected with COVID-19 and EBV, and possibly B19. Foot Manifestations in a COVID-19 Positive Patient: A Case Study abstract: SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) is highly-contagious. It can lead to respiratory distress—and some cases—death. Recent reports and observations have identified an association between COVID-19 and manifestations in the feet. However, there are very few reports that describe the course of these foot manifestations in any detail. The authors present a case study chronicling the progression of foot issues in a COVID-19 positive patient who also was positive for the Epstein-Barr virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2020.101707 doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2020.101707 id: cord-320350-zeeozmm9 author: Nisoli, Enzo title: COVID-19 and Hartnup disease: an affair of intestinal amino acid malabsorption date: 2020-07-20 words: 2496.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320350-zeeozmm9.txt summary: We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binding to intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, negatively regulates the absorption of neutral amino acids, and this could explain not only the GI, but also systemic disturbances in COVID-19. Altered composition of the gut microbiota (as a consequence of impaired amino acid transport and reduced secretion of antimicrobial peptides by Paneth cells in the small intestine) and changes in innate immunity contribute to the colitis phenotype observed in ACE2 knockout mice [17] . Based on clinical observations and basic research, we hypothesise that, in response to the SARS-CoV-2 binding to intestinal ACE2, the absorption of neutral amino acids is negatively regulated in COVID-19 patients. In malnourished patients or conditions of intestinal amino acid malabsorption, as in the COVID-19 or Hartnup patients, the adaptive immune response cannot be effectively initiated because the absorption of essential energy substrates is impaired by SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. abstract: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, clinicians have tried every effort to fight the disease, and multiple drugs have been proposed. However, no proven effective therapies currently exist, and different clinical phenotypes complicate the situation. In clinical practice, many severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients developed gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, including vomiting, diarrhoea, or abdominal pain, even in the absence of cough and dyspnea. Understanding the mechanism of GI disturbances is warranted for exploring better clinical care for COVID-19 patients. With evidence collected from clinical studies on COVID-19 and basic research on a rare genetic disease (i.e., Hartnup disorder), we put forward a novel hypothesis to elaborate an effective nutritional therapy. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binding to intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, negatively regulates the absorption of neutral amino acids, and this could explain not only the GI, but also systemic disturbances in COVID-19. Amino acid supplements could be recommended. Level of evidence No level of evidence: Hypothesis article. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00963-y doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00963-y id: cord-252015-9oiwcn8q author: Niu, Alex title: COVID-19 in allogeneic stem cell transplant: high false-negative probability and role of CRISPR and convalescent plasma date: 2020-06-15 words: 1278.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252015-9oiwcn8q.txt summary: Shortly thereafter, RT-PCR/CRISPR was performed on a blood sample collected on hospital day 36 for clinical purposes and demonstrated strong detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Fig. 1c) . Here, we present two cases of ASCT recipients who presented with respiratory illnesses, initially testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 with conventional RT-PCR, then positive with the more sensitive RT-PCR/CRISPR technique. Our findings suggest that ASCT recipients with negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, but evidence of lower respiratory tract disease, might indeed have COVID-19 that can be detected using a CRISPR-based platform. While safety concerns with performing bronchoscopy remain high with this infection, and COVID-19specific treatments depend on securing a positive test, it may be beneficial to pursue diagnosis with other tissue sources, such as whole blood or plasma. In conclusion, early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial in ASCT recipients, and evaluation regarding the use of other tissue sources for detection of SARS-CoV-2 along with multimodality therapy is required in the continual evolution of this pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-020-0972-8 doi: 10.1038/s41409-020-0972-8 id: cord-253735-0wi67tuw author: Niu, Shengmei title: Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study date: 2020-04-10 words: 2925.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253735-0wi67tuw.txt summary: A confirmed case was defined as a suspected cases with the laboratory test for the 2019-nCoV virus from the respiratory specimens show positive result by means of real-time reverse-transcriptionpolymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, while a suspected case was defined as a case that fulfilled both the following criteria: clinical have fever, radiographic evidence of pneumonia, low or normal white-cell count or low lymphocyte count; and the epidemic history have a travel to Wuhan or direct contact with patients from Wuhan who have fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days before illness according to the new coronavirus pneumonial diagnosis and treatment program (3id ed.) which were published by the National Health Commission of China. We collected the data on the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory tests, diagnosis types, cluster cases and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in elderly patients, and categorized into three groups and compared the difference between middle aged 50-64years, aged 65-79 years and older than 80 years. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which has spread in the world rapidly. Population have a susceptibility to COVID-19, older people were more susceptible to have a variety diseases than younger, including COVID-19 infection with no doubt. This study focused on older patients with COVID-19 infection and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of them. METHODS: We collected information on confirmed older patient transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service (EMS) to the designated hospitals from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020. The information including demographic, epidemiological, clinical, classification of severity and outcomes. All cases were categorized into three groups and compared the difference between aged 50–64 years, 65–79 years and older than 80 years. RESULTS: 56.7 % of elderly confirmed patients were male, fever (78.3 %), cough (56.7 %), dyspnea (30.0 %), and fatigue (23.3 %) were common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Classification of severity has statistically significant differences between the three groups, compared with middle-aged patients and aged 65–79 years group, older than 80 years group had significant statistical differences in contacted to symptomatic case in 14 days. As of Feb 29, 38.3 % patients had discharged and 53.3 % patients remained in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in elderly was 8.3 %. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 infection is generally susceptible with a relatively high fatality rate in older patients, we should pay more attention to the elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32339960/ doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058 id: cord-322244-3en3yey1 author: Nkengasong, John N title: Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast date: 2020-02-27 words: 1271.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt summary: Because of the high volume of air traffic and trade between China and Africa, 1 Africa is at a high risk for the introduction and spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); although only Egypt has reported the first case, from a non-national. To help develop a common strategy that will allow for effective coordination, collaboration, and communication, the African Union Commission, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), and WHO, in partnership with African countries, have established the Africa Taskforce for Coronavirus Preparedness and Response (AFTCOR). Second, any effective preparedness and response strategy for COVID-19 requires a committed political will; as such, the African Union Commission, Africa CDC, and WHO convened, on Feb 22, 2020, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, an emergency meeting of all ministers of health of 55 member states to commit to acting fast and collectively to develop and implement a coordinated continent-wide strategy. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620304645 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30464-5 id: cord-313148-dps5dyhr author: Nkhata, Smith G. title: SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. date: 2020-10-21 words: 2731.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313148-dps5dyhr.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV 2 (Covid-19) Heterogeneous Mortality Rates across Countries May Be Partly Explained by Life Expectancy, Calorie Intake, and Prevalence of Diabetes. In most European countries where the Covid-19 mortality rate is currently higher, the proportion of elderly (>65 years) individuals and life expectancy are also high (https://www.worldometers.info/ coronavirus/). Therefore, we developed and tested a hypothesis that countries that consume higher immunity boosting foods (fruits, vegetables, spices) and are exposed to fewer immunity suppressing factors (smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol, high caloric consumption, pollution) have lower Covid-19 deaths per million population (C19DM) than those countries consuming less immunity boosting food and are highly exposed to immunity suppressing factors. Among the factors we examine in this study, the data suggest that prevalence of diabetes, life expectancy, and calorie intake might have significant effect on C19DM and may partly explain the heterogeneity in Covid-19 mortality observed so far. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100471/ doi: 10.1007/s10745-020-00191-z id: cord-349867-e4f3qlae author: Nkodo, Jacques-Alexis title: Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France date: 2020-10-06 words: 877.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349867-e4f3qlae.txt summary: title: Ethical issues in the management of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 containment: examples from institutions in France Although these measures are clearly legitimate from an epidemiological point of view, their application leads to significant organizational challenges for institutions caring for the most vulnerable people 1 , such as those with disruptive behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Neurocognitive disorders make it difficult for the patient to understand restrictive health measures, and behavioral disorders (like wandering) increase the risk of contagion. The French National Consultative Committee on Ethics (Comité Consultatif National d''Ethique) advised against the preventive use of containment to promote health measures adherence in nursing home but did suggest that temporary, proportional, appropriate restrictions could be imposed on a case-by-case basis 2 . In the unprecedented context of COVID-19 (in which collective interests prevail), containment measures for patients with disruptive BPSD have created organizational difficulties. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.10.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.10.001 id: cord-013212-lx614fy4 author: Nobel, Yael R. title: Reply to GASTRO-D-20-01179 date: 2020-10-14 words: 588.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013212-lx614fy4.txt summary: 1 In their letter titled "Focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 is far from enough", the authors suggest that in patients with COVID-19, stool-based testing for leukocytes and erythrocytes/occult blood, rather than patient-reported gastrointestinal symptoms, should be considered. We reviewed their data with interest but remain unconvinced that stool-based testing adds value to the clinical diagnosis of diarrhea among patients with known or suspected COVID-19. In our study, conducted among outpatients with respiratory symptoms being evaluated for COVID-19 during the height of the pandemic, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or nausea/vomiting) was associated with a 70% increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. In sum, our study found that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea with or without nausea/vomiting) predicted a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 among patients with respiratory symptoms at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556214/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.014 id: cord-356217-igm2t7md author: Noda, Sakura title: Severe COVID-19 initially presenting as mesenteric adenopathy date: 2020-10-10 words: 1597.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356217-igm2t7md.txt summary: We report a case of COVID-19 in a healthy teenager who initially presented with isolated mesenteric adenopathy, typically a self-limited illness, which progressed to severe illness requiring intensive care before complete recovery. A generally healthy, immunized, non-obese White 17-yearold boy presented to an outside emergency department (ED) with 3 days of initially moderate progressing to severe abdominal pain focused in the right lower quadrant, fever as high as 103°F, and vomiting without diarrhea. Although we did not obtain tissue sampling to prove that the mesenteric adenopathy was secondary to COVID-19, the boy eventually developed chest CT findings and severe hyperinflammatory response consistent with COVID-19, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR from sputum, and recovered with primarily supportive care. This case report describes a severe case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy teenage patient who initially presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and isolated acute mesenteric adenopathy on imaging. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with abdominal pain in children and adults. Most imaging findings have been limited to characteristic lung findings, as well as one report of bowel-ischemia-related findings in adults. We report a case of COVID-19 in a healthy teenager who initially presented with isolated mesenteric adenopathy, typically a self-limited illness, which progressed to severe illness requiring intensive care before complete recovery. The boy tested negative for COVID-19 twice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from upper respiratory swabs before sputum PCR resulted positive. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for COVID-19 given the continued emergence of new manifestations of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037889/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04789-9 id: cord-327181-z7uqmxki author: Nodora, Jesse N title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Identifying Adaptive Solutions for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Underserved Communities date: 2020-08-11 words: 4158.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327181-z7uqmxki.txt summary: We also recommend four CRC-specific calls to action: Establish COVID-adapted best practices to implement mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) programs; Implement grassroots advocacy to identify community gastroenterologists who commit to performing colonoscopies for CHC patients; Assess cancer prevention priorities among individuals in underserved communities; and Assess regional CRC screening and follow-up barriers and solutions. While findings from these brief interviews are extremely valuable, in depth patient-, provider-, and additional system-level data are urgently needed to fully understand the impact of the pandemic on CRC screening in the CHCs. At present, it is not possible to collect these data due to staff shortages and shifting of health care personnel to address the COVID-19 crisis. We also recommend four CRC-specific calls to action: Establish COVID-adapted best practices that address mailed FIT programs in CHCs; Implement grassroots advocacy to identify community gastroenterologists who commit to performing colonoscopies for CHC patients; Assess cancer prevention priorities among individuals in underserved communities; and Assess regional CRC screening and follow-up barriers and solutions. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically impacted numerous health and economic fronts. Due to the stay-at-home mandate and practice of physical distancing, nearly all preventive care measures have been halted, including colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The health consequences of this temporary suspension are of great concern, particularly for underserved populations, who experience substantial CRC-related disparities. In this Commentary, we describe challenges and opportunities to deliver COVID-adapted CRC screening to medically underserved populations receiving care in community health centers (CHC). This perspective is based on key informant interviews with CHC medical directors, teleconference discussions, and strategic planning assessments. To address the unprecedented challenges created by the COVID-19 pandemic, we identify two broad calls to action: 1) Invest in CHCs now; and 2) Support equitable and adaptable telehealth solutions now and in the future. We also recommend four CRC-specific calls to action: Establish COVID-adapted best practices to implement mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) programs; Implement grassroots advocacy to identify community gastroenterologists who commit to performing colonoscopies for CHC patients; Assess cancer prevention priorities among individuals in underserved communities; and Assess regional CRC screening and follow-up barriers and solutions. The COVID-19 pandemic may further exacerbate existing CRC screening disparities in underserved individuals. This will likely lead to delayed diagnosis, a shift to later stage disease, and increased CRC deaths. To prevent this from happening, we call for timely action and a commitment to address the current extraordinary CRC screening challenges for vulnerable populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780851/ doi: 10.1093/jnci/djaa117 id: cord-306466-y4yg42p8 author: Nofal, Ahmed Maged title: Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? date: 2020-10-08 words: 5717.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt summary: Particularly, we examine if major personality traits (i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability) [12] , yield differences in the tendency of people to comply with 21 implemented COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines (see S1 Appendix). However, there has been no work examining the influence of personality traits, such as the big five (i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability) on the tendency of people to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. Connecting literatures of emotional responses to COVID-19 messages, and personalized/tailored communication, we believe that this research not only supports prior work in highlighting the importance of pro-social messages, but also the importance of knowing the specific personality traits that may make individuals less likely to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. First, drawing from research on persuasive mass communication [e.g., 19] , we aim to demonstrate if personality traits, specifically, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability, relate to the tendency of people to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. abstract: During the past 6 months, the world has lost almost 950,000 lives because of the outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 31 million individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 worldwide. In response, lockdowns, and various other policies have been implemented. Unfortunately, many individuals are violating those policies and governments have been urging people to comply with the behavioral guidelines. In this paper, we argue that personality traits need to be considered to understand and encourage more effective public compliance with COVID 19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. Using a sample of 8,548 individuals from Japan, we show that certain personality traits are related to the tendency to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. We emphasize the importance of understanding why people respond differently to the same authority’s messages and provide actionable insights for government policy makers and those who implement policies. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240396 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240396 id: cord-291820-x4a4c4pv author: Nogueira, Marcelo Saito title: Ultraviolet-based biophotonic technologies for control and prevention of COVID-19, SARS and related disorders date: 2020-06-22 words: 1104.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291820-x4a4c4pv.txt summary: With this in mind, this letter focuses on encouraging researchers and companies to develop safe and reliable ultraviolet (UV) light technology to be used for decontamination of PPE as well as environmental surface disinfection, food safety, possible production vaccines based on ultraviolet-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19) and SARS-CoV. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies [4] , including the implementation of precautions against droplet, contact and airborne transmission, aerosol-generating procedures, and support treatments of COVID-19. These strategies include using ultraviolet (UV) light-based innovations to decontaminate N95 and SN95 respirators, robot-controlled UV surface disinfection in hospital rooms, and microbial inactivation on food safety applications. With the discussed clinical and safety needs in mind, UV-based optical and biophotonic technologies can significantly help overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic as well as prove its safe use in research and industry. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100020302441?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101890 id: cord-294910-gnc04ax1 author: Nogueira, Paulo Jorge title: The Role of Health Preconditions on COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal: Evidence from Surveillance Data of the First 20293 Infection Cases date: 2020-07-24 words: 4935.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294910-gnc04ax1.txt summary: The risk factors for increased odds of death by COVID-19 were: sex (male: OR = 1.47, ref = female), age ((56–60) years, OR = 6.01; (61–65) years, OR = 10.5; (66–70) years, OR = 20.4; (71–75) years, OR = 34; (76–80) years, OR = 50.9; (81–85) years, OR = 70.7; (86–90) years, OR = 83.2; (91–95) years, OR = 91.8; (96–104) years, OR = 140.2, ref = (0–55)), Cardiac disease (OR = 2.86), Kidney disorder (OR = 2.95), and Neuromuscular disorder (OR = 1.58), while condition (None (absence of precondition); OR = 0.49) was associated with a reduced chance of dying after adjusting for other variables of interest. The data retrieved include individuals'' demographic characteristics (age, sex, region), COVID-19 disease information (death, recovery, still in treatment, hospitalization, intensive care, respiratory support), and preconditions (Asthma, Cancer, Cardiac disease, Hematological disorder, Diabetes, HIV and other immune deficiency, Kidney disorder, Liver disorder, Neuromuscular disorder, Other precondition and None (absence of precondition)). abstract: Background: It is essential to study the effect of potential co-factors on the risk of death in patients infected by COVID-19. The identification of risk factors is important to allow more efficient public health and health services strategic interventions with a significant impact on deaths by COVID-19. This study aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 deaths in Portugal. Methods: A national dataset with the first 20,293 patients infected with COVID-19 between 1 January and 21 April 2020 was analyzed. The primary outcome measure was mortality by COVID-19, measured (registered and confirmed) by Medical Doctors serving as health delegates on the daily death registry. A logistic regression model using a generalized linear model was used for estimating Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each potential risk indicator. Results: A total of 502 infected patients died of COVID-19. The risk factors for increased odds of death by COVID-19 were: sex (male: OR = 1.47, ref = female), age ((56–60) years, OR = 6.01; (61–65) years, OR = 10.5; (66–70) years, OR = 20.4; (71–75) years, OR = 34; (76–80) years, OR = 50.9; (81–85) years, OR = 70.7; (86–90) years, OR = 83.2; (91–95) years, OR = 91.8; (96–104) years, OR = 140.2, ref = (0–55)), Cardiac disease (OR = 2.86), Kidney disorder (OR = 2.95), and Neuromuscular disorder (OR = 1.58), while condition (None (absence of precondition); OR = 0.49) was associated with a reduced chance of dying after adjusting for other variables of interest. Conclusions: Besides age and sex, preconditions justify the risk difference in mortality by COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082368 doi: 10.3390/jcm9082368 id: cord-316260-1t3ifsfi author: Nogueira-de-Almeida, Carlos Alberto title: COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A clinical review()() date: 2020-08-04 words: 7974.0 sentences: 450.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316260-1t3ifsfi.txt summary: In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity may increase the need for ventilatory assistance, risk of thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, and perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory response. 3--6 The present review aims to identify the factors that contribute to the increase in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences, to collaborate for better clinical care of these patients. The three main risk factors that link obesity to COVID-19 demonstrated for adults 52 are also present among children and adolescents: chronic subclinical inflammation, impaired immune response, and underlying cardiorespiratory diseases. In conclusion, obesity in childhood and adolescence can be considered a risk factor for greater susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and is associated with nutritional, cardiac, respiratory, renal, and immunological alterations, which may potentiate the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences. SOURCES: Studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane databases. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents; social isolation may lead to increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit in lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and low intake of essential nutrients are factors that compromise the functioning of organs and systems in obese individuals. These factors are associated with damage to immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems, along with modification of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity may increase the need for ventilatory assistance, risk of thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, and perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS: The need for social isolation can have the effect of causing or worsening obesity and its comorbidities, and pediatricians need to be aware of this issue. Facing children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, health professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on health care in times of isolation; 3) screen for comorbidities, ensuring that treatment is not interrupted; 4) measure levels of immunonutrients; 5) guide the family in understanding the specifics of the situation; and 6) refer to units qualified to care for obese children and adolescents when necessary. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768388/ doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001 id: cord-316501-fl2wvhia author: Noh, Ji Yun title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 words: 444.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt summary: title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, anosmia (smell loss) and ageusia (taste 8 loss) among patients with mild COVID-19 in a residential treatment center (RTC). We also 9 compared the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding between groups with different clinical 10 manifestations. An observational cohort study was conducted for 199 patients with COVID-19 in a RTC at Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during 82 the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-83 23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A 84 prospective contact-tracing study abstract: • More than 25% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303108 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.035 id: cord-340354-j3xsp2po author: Noll, N. B. title: COVID-19 Scenarios: an interactive tool to explore the spread and associated morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-07 words: 4322.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340354-j3xsp2po.txt summary: Thus, to make such modeling widely available, we have developed an interactive, online tool that allows users to efficiently explore COVID-19 scenarios based upon different epidemiological assumptions and potential mitigation strategies. All source code and the aggregated surveillance data are made freely available through GitHub. We approximate the dynamics of a COVID-19 outbreak using a generalized SEIR model in which the population is partitioned into age-stratified compartments of: susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), hospitalized (H), critical (C), ICU overflow (O), dead (D) and recovered (R) individuals (Kermack et al., 1927) . The parameters of the model fall into three broad categories: a time-dependent infection rate β a (t); the rate of transition out of the exposed, infectious, hospitalized, and critical/overflow compartments γ e , γ i , γ h , and γ c respectively; and the age-specific fractions m a , c a and f a of mild, critical, and fatal infections respectively. abstract: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused large outbreaks around the world and every heavily affected community has experienced a substantial strain on the health care system and a high death toll. Communities therefore have to monitor the incidence of COVID-19 carefully and attempt to project the demand for health care. To enable such projections, we have developed an interactive web application that simulates an age-structured SEIR model with separate compartments for severely and critically ill patients. The tool allows the users to modify most parameters of the model, including age specific assumptions on severity. Infection control and mitigation measures that reduce transmission can be specified, as well as age-group specific isolation. The simulation of the model runs entirely on the client side in the browser; all parameter settings and results of the simulation can be exported for further downstream analysis. The tool is available at covid19-scenarios.org and the source code at github.com/neherlab/covid19_scenarios. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20091363v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091363 id: cord-330431-9txstz4n author: Nomikos, Iakovos N title: What Else but Covid-19 Pandemic? Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-11 words: 2562.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330431-9txstz4n.txt summary: This experience helped health care providers in hospitals to apply early, strict rules for the control and prevention of the disease spread such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and rules of minimising the risks of aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), to mention some of them. In general, the response to COVID-19 outbreak was multifold and included many services to effectively control the spread and manage the cases, such as medical care, surveillance, infection prevention and control, communication, logistics, psycho-social support, safe and dignified burials, etc. One major and critical contributor to COVID-19 pandemic management was and remains the society engagement and its trust and acceptance of different rules and guidelines issued by the local health authorities. For this reason, many publications suggested recommendations for the prioritisation, treatment, and triage of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [13] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834090/ doi: 10.1007/s13126-020-0544-9 id: cord-314152-wd153s1g author: Noor, Farha Musharrat title: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-12 words: 4758.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314152-wd153s1g.txt summary: CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was highest in the European region and older age, gender, ICU patients, patients with comorbidity had a high risk for case fatality. In this study, we aimed to review the prevalence of mortality and the risk factors associated with mortality among coronavirus infected patients in the hospital and to summarize the available findings in a meta-analysis. This meta-analysis result revealed that the mortality rate among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was high and male gender, older aged patients, patients presented with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc were highly associated with the risk of death among them. Risk factors for mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to find the prevalence of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 infected patients and associated risk factors for death. METHODS: Three electronic databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant cohort studies of COVID-19 disease from January 1, 2020, to August 11, 2020. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence rate (PR), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for both effect measures. Cochrane chi-square test statistic Q, [Formula: see text] , and [Formula: see text] tests were used to measure the presence of heterogeneity. Publication bias and sensitivity of the included studies were also tested. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, a total of 58 studies with 122,191 patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence rate of mortality among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 18.88%, 95% CI (16.46–21.30), p < 0.001. Highest mortality was found in Europe [PR 26.85%, 95% CI (19.41–34.29), p < 0.001] followed by North America [PR 21.47%, 95% CI (16.27–26.68), p < 0.001] and Asia [PR 14.83%, 95% CI (12.46- 17.21), p < 0.001]. An significant association were found between mortality among COVID-19 infected patients and older age (> 65 years vs. < 65 years) [RR 3.59, 95% CI (1.87–6.90), p < 0.001], gender (male vs. female) [RR 1.63, 95% CI (1.43–1.87), p < 0.001], ICU admitted patients [RR 3.72, 95% CI (2.70–5.13), p < 0.001], obesity [RR 2.18, 95% CI (1.10–4.34), p < 0.05], hypertension [RR 2.08,95% CI (1.79–2.43) p < 0.001], diabetes [RR 1.87, 95% CI (1.23–2.84), p < 0.001], cardiovascular disease [RR 2.51, 95% CI (1.20–5.26), p < 0.05], and cancer [RR 2.31, 95% CI (1.80–2.97), p < 0.001]. In addition, significant association for high risk of mortality were also found for cerebrovascular disease, COPD, coronary heart disease, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients was highest in the European region and older age, gender, ICU patients, patients with comorbidity had a high risk for case fatality. Those findings would help the health care providers to reduce the mortality rate and combat this pandemic to save lives using limited resources. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00920-x id: cord-332561-n2ghm318 author: Noordzij, Marlies title: ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-12 words: 1709.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332561-n2ghm318.txt summary: title: ERACODA: the European database collecting clinical information of patients on kidney replacement therapy with COVID-19 Because patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT; including dialysis and kidney transplantation) are generally older and often have one or more of the aforementioned comorbidities, they may have an increased risk of death when they acquire a SARS-CoV-2 infection [5] . Given this uncertainty, it is important to collect reliable information on the incidence, clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with end-stage kidney disease who are treated with KRT. The primary purpose of ERACODA is to investigate the clinical course and outcomes-including hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality-of KRT patients with COVID-19. Physicians responsible for the care of these patients can register voluntarily and are asked to enter data of all consecutive kidney transplant and maintenance dialysis patients from their centre with COVID-19 into a central database. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785669/ doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa179 id: cord-339695-3ij5pjjy author: Nopp, Stephan title: Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-09-25 words: 4716.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339695-3ij5pjjy.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] Early studies already reported on coagulation abnormalities and coagulopathy with a rather prothrombotic phenotype in patients with 5] With the better understanding of COVID-19 and its clinical course, venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease entity covering pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has been recognized as a particular complication of the disease. These included methodological specifics of the studies (study design, health care setting), clinical information of the study population (demographics, comorbidities, disease severity, use of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, ultrasound screening, and D-dimer levels), and outcome specifics (definition, type, and rate of VTE). After excluding studies with a high risk of underlying bias, quantitative results from 66 studies were aggregated within a meta-analysis, including 28,173 patients (1, Figure 2 shows a Forrest plot of VTE rates, together with information on health care setting, the performance of screening and outcome definition of respective studies. abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, reported VTE‐rates differ substantially. OBJECTIVES: We aimed at evaluating available data and estimating the prevalence of VTE in COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO COVID‐19 database) to identify studies reporting VTE‐rates in COVID‐19 patients. Studies with suspected high risk of bias were excluded from quantitative synthesis. Pooled outcome rates were obtained within a random effects meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for different settings (intensive care unit (ICU) vs. non‐ICU hospitalization and screening vs. no screening) and the association of D‐dimer levels and VTE‐risk was explored. RESULTS: Eighty‐six studies (33,970 patients) were identified and 66 (28,173 patients, mean age: 62.6 years, 60% men, 20% ICU‐patients) were included in quantitative analysis. The overall VTE‐prevalence estimate was 14.1% (95%CI 11.6‐16.9), 40.3% (95%CI 27.0‐54.3) with ultrasound‐screening and 9.5% (95%CI 7.5‐11.7) without screening. Subgroup analysis revealed high heterogeneity, with a VTE‐prevalence of 7.9% (95%CI 5.1‐11.2) in non‐ICU and 22.7% (95%CI 18.1‐27.6) in ICU patients. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in non‐ICU and ICU patients was 3.5% (95%CI 2.2‐5.1) and 13.7% (95%CI 10.0‐17.9). Patients developing VTE had higher D‐dimer levels (weighted mean difference 3.26 µg/ml (95%CI 2.76‐3.77) than non‐VTE patients. CONCLUSION: VTE occurs in 22.7% of patients with COVID‐19 in the ICU, but VTE risk is also increased in non‐ICU hospitalized patients. Patients developing VTE had higher D‐dimer levels. Studies evaluating thromboprophylaxis strategies in patients with COVID‐19 are needed to improve prevention of VTE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043231/ doi: 10.1002/rth2.12439 id: cord-345557-680k32a6 author: Norbash, Alexander M. title: Early-Stage Radiology Volume Effects and Considerations with the COVID-19 Pandemic; Adaptations, Risks, and Lessons Learned date: 2020-07-09 words: 3597.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345557-680k32a6.txt summary: Methods Percent change of 2020 volume per week was compared to the corresponding 2019 volume calculated for each of the 14 imaging modalities and overall total; outpatient, emergency and inpatient studies, high-surge AMSs, low-surge AMSs, and the practice coalition. Descriptive analyses demonstrated the radiology volume during the COVID-19 pandemic in six academic medical systems (three in high-surge and three in low-surge regions) and a large national private practice coalition. Year-over-year percent change (2020 vs 2019) was calculated aggregating data to compare total volume change and for each specific modality (e.g. PET-CT, CT, MRI, IR, Breast COVID-19 Pandemic Radiology Volume Effects 4 Screening) in 1) high-surge vs. Volume drops in the private practice coalition COVID-19 Pandemic Radiology Volume Effects 5 paralleled the changes seen with the AMSs, and tracked with the trends shown by the low-surge AMSs. The modalities with greatest initial drops, such as breast screening mammography and DEXA scanning, also showed the greatest delays in trending towards volume recovery. abstract: Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant loss of radiologic volume as a result of shelter-at-home mandates, and by delaying non-time-sensitive imaging studies in order to preserve capacity for the pandemic. We analyze the volume-related impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on six academic medical systems (AMSs), three in high COVID-surge (high-surge) and three in low COVID-surge (low-surge) regions, and a large national private practice coalition. We sought to assess adaptations, risks of actions, and lessons learned. Methods Percent change of 2020 volume per week was compared to the corresponding 2019 volume calculated for each of the 14 imaging modalities and overall total; outpatient, emergency and inpatient studies, high-surge AMSs, low-surge AMSs, and the practice coalition. Results Steep exam volume drops occurred during week 11, with slow recovery starting week 17. The lowest total AMS volume drop was 40% compared with the same period last year, and the largest was 70%. The greatest decreases were seen with screening mammography and DEXA scans, the smallest decreases were seen with PET/CT, x-ray, and Interventional Radiology. Inpatient volume was least impacted compared with outpatient or emergency imaging. Conclusion Large percentage drops in volume were seen from week 11 through 17, were seen with screening studies, and were larger for the high-surge AMSs than for the low-surge AMSs. The lowest drops in volume were seen with modalities where delays in imaging had greater perceived adverse consequences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32717183/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.001 id: cord-322838-s82tyeis author: Norden, M. J. title: National Smoking Rates Correlate Inversely with COVID-19 Mortality date: 2020-06-14 words: 5296.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322838-s82tyeis.txt summary: Results: A highly significant inverse correlation between current daily smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was noted for the group of hot countries (R=-.718, p = .0002), cold countries (R=-.567, p=.0046), and the combined group (R=-.324, p=.0207). Correlations and scatterplots between national smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rates in each of the three groups of countries can be seen below in Figure 1 To test whether any outliers may be driving the results we performed post-hoc analyses removing Sweden and Korea both individually and together. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129825 doi: medRxiv preprint DISCUSSION A significant inverse correlation of smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was found for the subgroups of hot and cold countries, and for the combined subgroups. The primary strength of the current study is that it shows a strong inverse association between COVID-19 mortality and daily smoking prevalence not subject to the many confounds identified in previous studies reporting under-representation of smokers among COVID-19 patients. abstract: ABSTRACT Introduction: Recent studies show cigarette smokers are markedly under-represented among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in over a dozen countries. It is unclear if this may be related to confounding factors such as age distribution, access to care, and inaccurate records. We hypothesized that these concerns could be avoided by studying smoking prevalence in relation to COVID-19 mortality. Since climate has been identified as a factor in COVID-19, we studied groups of countries with relatively comparable temperatures. Methods: The 20 hottest and 20 coldest countries in the Johns Hopkins Mortality Analysis database with a minimum mortality rate of .3 deaths/100,000 were selected on the basis of the average temperatures of their largest city. Mortality rates were determined as of May 1, 2020 and correlated with national smoking rate adjusting for sex ratio, obesity, temperature, and elderly population. Results: A highly significant inverse correlation between current daily smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality rate was noted for the group of hot countries (R=-.718, p = .0002), cold countries (R=-.567, p=.0046), and the combined group (R=-.324, p=.0207). However, after adjustments only the regression for hot countries and the combined group remained significant. In hot countries, for each percentage point increase in smoking rate mortality decreased by .147 per 100,000 population (95% CI .102- 192, p=.0066). This resulted in mortality rates several-fold elevated in the countries with the lowest smoking rates relative to the highest smoking rates. In the combined group, mortality decreased by .257 per 100,000 population (95% CI .175-.339, p=.0034). Discussion: These findings add support to the finding of an inverse relationship between current smoking and seriously symptomatic COVID-19. However, we conclude that the difference in mortality between the highest and lowest smoking countries appears too large to be due primarily to the effects of smoking per se. A potentially beneficial effect of smoking is surprising, but compatible with a number of hypothetical mechanisms which deserve exploration: 1) Studies show smoking alters ACE2 expression which may affect COVID-19 infection or its progression to serious lung pathology. 2) Nicotine has anti-inflammatory activity and also appears to alter ACE2 expression. 3) Nitric oxide in cigarette smoke is known to be effective in treating pulmonary hypertension and has shown in vitro antiviral effects including against SARS-CoV-2. 4) Smoking has complicated effects on the immune system involving both up and down regulation, any of which might alone or in concert antagonize progression of COVID-19. 5) Smokers are exposed to hot vapors which may stimulate immunity in the respiratory tract by various heat-related mechanisms (e.g. heat shock proteins). Studies of steam and sauna treatments have shown efficacy in other viral respiratory conditions. At this time there is no clear evidence that smoking is protective against COVID-19, so the established recommendations to avoid smoking should be emphasized. The interaction of smoking and COVID-19 will only be reliably determined by carefully designed prospective study, and there is reason to believe that there are unknown confounds that may be spuriously suggesting a protective effect of smoking. However, the magnitude of the apparent inverse association of COVID-19 and smoking and its myriad clinical implications suggest the importance of further investigation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.12.20129825v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20129825 id: cord-274871-jlquvz51 author: Nori, Priya title: Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge date: 2020-07-24 words: 2205.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274871-jlquvz51.txt summary: title: Bacterial and fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the New York City pandemic surge We observed bacterial or fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients admitted between March 1 and April 18, 2020 (152 of 4,267, 3.6%). Few studies have addressed bacterial or fungal coinfections or the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Patient demographics, central venous catheter status, ICU status, mechanical ventilation status, imaging, laboratory results, administered antibiotics per days of therapy (DOT), and disposition (admitted, discharged, deceased) were obtained from the electronic medical record. We observed widespread empiric antibiotic use throughout the pandemic and clinically relevant bacterial and fungal coinfections in patients with advanced COVID-19 and multiple risk factors for nosocomial infection (mechanical ventilation, central venous catheters, treatment with corticosteroids or biologics, and prolonged hospitalization). 2,6 Moreover, 79% of coinfected patients received antibiotics in the 30 days preceding positive cultures and 98% received them during the index COVID-19 hospitalization. abstract: We observed bacterial or fungal coinfections in COVID-19 patients admitted between March 1 and April 18, 2020 (152 of 4,267, 3.6%). Among these patients, mortality was 57%; 74% were intubated; 51% with bacteremia had central venous catheters. Time to culture positivity was 6–7 days, and 79% had received prior antibiotics. Metallo-β-lactamase–producing E. cloacae coinfections occurred in 5 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.368 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.368 id: cord-284984-sdx3cceq author: Norman, Richard E. title: Typically Atypical: COVID‐19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult date: 2020-05-14 words: 707.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284984-sdx3cceq.txt summary: An 83-year-old woman presented to an emergency department following an unwitnessed fall at home, with her only complaint being a vague sense of dizziness that developed that day. Much of the attention regarding care of older adults with COVID-19 has focused on its significant mortality rate (reaching 10%-27% for those >85 years 6 ) or the possible need for rationing of limited resources, such as ventilators. 8 There is already evidence that screening based on typical symptoms alone, which failed in this case, is insufficient to identify COVID-19 in older adults. 9, 10 This has significant implications for both clinical care and infection prevention and control, particularly in congregate living settings such as nursing homes, where frail older adults have experienced disproportionately high COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Coronavirus disease 2019 in geriatrics and long-term care: the ABCDs of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343395/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16526 id: cord-032692-h2c7ogga author: Northstone, Kate title: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 date: 2020-09-22 words: 5330.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032692-h2c7ogga.txt summary: title: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture May-July 2020 It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to both questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. The wider COVID-19 data collection in ALSPAC will include data from three main sources: self-reported data from questionnaires, data from clinical services based on linkage to medical and other records and information from biological samples. Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture abstract: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners and their offspring ever since. The study reacted rapidly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying an online questionnaire early on during lockdown (from 9 (th) April to 15 (th) May). In late May 2020, a second questionnaire was developed asking about physical and mental health, lifestyle and behaviours, employment and finances. The online questionnaire was deployed across the parent and offspring generations between the 26th May and 5 (th) July 2020. 6482 participants completed the questionnaire (2639 original mothers, 1039 original fathers/partners, 2711 offspring (mean age ~28 years) and 93 partners of offspring). 1039 new participants who did not respond to the first questionnaire deployed in April completed the second questionnaire. A positive COVID-19 test was reported by 36 (0.6%) participants (12 G0 and 24 G1), 91 (1.4%; 35 G0 and 56 G1) reported that they had been told by a doctor they likely had COVID-19 and 838 (13%; 422 G0 and 416 G1) suspected that they have had COVID-19. The observational data from both COVID questionnaires will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. In combination, these data may help us identify true cases. Data has been released as an update to the original dataset released in May 2020. It comprises: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to both questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the second questionnaire and the data obtained from it. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7512032/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16225.2 id: cord-255572-tbrdis86 author: Norton, Alice title: Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects date: 2020-09-08 words: 8742.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255572-tbrdis86.txt summary: The UKCDR Epidemics Preparedness and Response Funders Group 4 and the GloPID-R Key Funders group have each been meeting at least fortnightly during the pandemic to strengthen UK and global COVID-19 research funding coordination activities respectively, informed by the data and analysis from the tracker. To capture information on the type of research taking place in relation to COVID-19 with a stable classification system that is comparable to research on other health topics, the projects included in the tracker were also assessed against the research activity codes outlined by the Health Research Classification System (HRCS) -a classification system developed by UK Clinical Research Collaboration and used by health research funders around the world to classify "the full spectrum of biomedical and health research -from basic to applied -across all areas of health and disease." 10 . abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There is however a need for greater coordination, with limited resources and the shifting global nature of the pandemic resulting in a proliferation of research projects underpowered and unable to achieve their aims. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15 (th) July 2020 the database contains 1,858 projects, funded by 25 funders, taking place across 102 countries. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases, covering a wide breadth of research disciplines. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It is being used by the WHO, governments and multi-lateral policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living systematic review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis will be presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this baseline analysis we provide the first detailed descriptive analysis of the database and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: This living systematic review will help both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to underfunded areas where there is greatest research need and facilitate further strategic collaboration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117894/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16259.1 id: cord-343881-0i3rfpvd author: Norton, Alice title: The remaining unknowns: a mixed methods study of the current and global health research priorities for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 3616.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343881-0i3rfpvd.txt summary: RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the significant body of combined data shows the WHO roadmap is globally relevant; however, new important priorities have emerged, in particular, pertinent to low and lower middle-income countries (less resourced countries), where health systems are under significant competing pressures. For example, there is a strong call for evidence on the relative effectiveness and optimal implementation of public health interventions in varied global settings, for social science studies to guide how to gain public trust and mitigate myths, to understand the impact on already present diseases within communities and to explore the ethics of research within a pandemic. Using broad consultative workshops, we have identified additional considerations beyond the WHO roadmap scope in order to broaden the current global research priorities at this point in time to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and to help learn for any future outbreaks. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, the WHO released a Global Research Roadmap in an effort to coordinate and accelerate the global research response to combat COVID-19 based on deliberations of 400 experts across the world. Three months on, the disease and our understanding have both evolved significantly. As we now tackle a pandemic in very different contexts and with increased knowledge, we sought to build on the work of the WHO to gain a more current and global perspective on these initial priorities. METHODS: We undertook a mixed methods study seeking the views of the global research community to (1) assess which of the early WHO roadmap priorities are still most pressing; (2) understand whether they are still valid in different settings, regions or countries; and (3) identify any new emerging priorities. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the significant body of combined data shows the WHO roadmap is globally relevant; however, new important priorities have emerged, in particular, pertinent to low and lower middle-income countries (less resourced countries), where health systems are under significant competing pressures. We also found a shift from prioritising vaccine and therapeutic development towards a focus on assessing the effectiveness, risks, benefits and trust in the variety of public health interventions and measures. Our findings also provide insight into temporal nature of these research priorities, highlighting the urgency of research that can only be undertaken within the period of virus transmission, as well as other important research questions but which can be answered outside the transmission period. Both types of studies are key to help combat this pandemic but also importantly to ensure we are better prepared for the future. CONCLUSION: We hope these findings will help guide decision-making across the broad research system including the multilateral partners, research funders, public health practitioners, clinicians and civil society. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003306 id: cord-309214-v2iqgjc4 author: Nougier, Christophe title: Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in sars‐cov2 associated thrombosis date: 2020-07-15 words: 2628.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309214-v2iqgjc4.txt summary: RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We observed two key findings: a high thrombin generation capacity which remained within normal values despite heparin therapy and a hypofibrinolysis mainly associated with increased PAI‐1 levels. The aim of the present study was to assess thrombin generation capacity and fibrinolytic activity of patients hospitalized for Covid-19 All patients received supportive management of the most common complications of severe COVID-19: pneumonia, hypoxemic respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, acute kidney injury, complications from prolonged hospitalization, including secondary bacterial infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, critical illness polyneuropathy and appropriate thrombopropylaxis with LMWH (enoxaparin 40mg OD if 50-100kg and 40mg BD if >100kg or fibrinogen>8g/L or D-dimer>3000 ng/mL) or subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (5000 UI BD) according to their renal status. Our data clearly show that the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis is lost in patients with infection, who present with a significant hypercoagulability associated with hypofibrinolysis associated with high PAI-1 and increased TAFI activation. In 17 ICU-Covid-19 patients without thrombosis, a much less effective fibrinolysis with a Ly30 of 37±35% was observed, which was in accordance with high PAI-1 plasma levels and elevated TAFI activation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Thirty percent of Covid‐19 patients admitted to intensive care units present with thrombotic complications despite thromboprophylaxis. Bed resting, obesity, hypoxia, coagulopathy, acute excessive inflammation are potential mechanisms reported by previous studies. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to thrombosis is crucial for developing more appropriate prophylaxis and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess fibrinolytic activity and thrombin generation in 78 Covid‐19 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty eight patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and 30 patients admitted to the internal medicine department were included in the study. All patients received thromboprophylaxis. We measured fibrinolytic parameters (tPA, PAI‐1, TAFI, alpha2 anti‐plasmin, and tPA‐modified ROTEM), thrombin generation, and other coagulation tests (D‐dimer, fibrinogen, FVIII, antithrombin). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We observed two key findings: a high thrombin generation capacity which remained within normal values despite heparin therapy and a hypofibrinolysis mainly associated with increased PAI‐1 levels. A modified ROTEM (TEM‐tPA) is able to detect both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis simultaneously in Covid‐19 patients with thrombosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668058/ doi: 10.1111/jth.15016 id: cord-293145-b1rxh4bd author: Nouhjah, Sedigheh title: Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: A brief report date: 2020-05-19 words: 1562.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293145-b1rxh4bd.txt summary: Challenges of diabetes care management in developing countries with a high incidence of COVID-19: a brief report Highlights • COVID-19 pandemic may be a potentially diabetogenic situation and may worsen hyperglycemia and possibly diabetes-related complications • Challenges faced by developing countries in managing diabetes during COVID-19 outbreak is different from those in developed countries. Results: Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. Results: Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most critical risk factors for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The present study aims to highlight challenges in the management of diabetic patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in developing countries. METHODS: We reviewed the literature to obtain information about diabetic care during the Covid-19 crisis. We also seek opinions of clinicians working in undeveloped countries. RESULTS: Current challenges faced by clinicians in the management of diabetic patients in developing countries are as follows: lack of preventive measures, inadequate number of visits, loss of the traditional method of communication with the patient, shortage of medications, impaired routine diabetic care, and absence of telehealth services. CONCLUSIONS: Developing countries are faced with many challenges in diabetes management due to a lack of resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.012 id: cord-286887-s8lvimt3 author: Nour, Majid title: A Novel Medical Diagnosis model for COVID-19 infection detection based on Deep Features and Bayesian Optimization date: 2020-07-28 words: 3686.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286887-s8lvimt3.txt summary: The proposed model is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically reveal discriminative features on chest X-ray images through its convolution with rich filter families, abstraction, and weight-sharing characteristics. study [5] , they used Chest Computed Tomography (CT) images and Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) method to detect COVID-19 and obtained a high diagnostic accuracy. proposed a novel hybrid method called the Fuzzy Color technique + deep learning models (MobileNetV2, SqueezeNet) with a Social Mimic optimization method to classify the COVID-19 cases and achieved high success rate in their work [6] . (2) The deep features extracted from deep layers of CNNs have been applied as the input to machine learning models to further improve COVID-19 infection detection. Only the number of samples in the COVID-19 class is increased by using the offline data augmentation approach, and then the proposed CNN model is trained and tested. abstract: A pneumonia of unknown causes, which was detected in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world, was declared as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thousands of people have lost their lives to this disease. Its negative effects on public health are ongoing. In this study, an intelligence computer-aided model that can automatically detect positive COVID-19 cases is proposed to support daily clinical applications. The proposed model is based on the convolution neural network (CNN) architecture and can automatically reveal discriminative features on chest X-ray images through its convolution with rich filter families, abstraction, and weight-sharing characteristics. Contrary to the generally used transfer learning approach, the proposed deep CNN model was trained from scratch. Instead of the pre-trained CNNs, a novel serial network consisting of five convolution layers was designed. This CNN model was utilized as a deep feature extractor. The extracted deep discriminative features were used to feed the machine learning algorithms, which were k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree. The hyperparameters of the machine learning models were optimized using the Bayesian optimization algorithm. The experiments were conducted on a public COVID-19 radiology database. The database was divided into two parts as training and test sets with 70% and 30% rates, respectively. As a result, the most efficient results were ensured by the SVM classifier with an accuracy of 98.97%, a sensitivity of 89.39%, a specificity of 99.75%, and an F-score of 96.72%. Consequently, a cheap, fast, and reliable intelligence tool has been provided for COVID-19 infection detection. The developed model can be used to assist field specialists, physicians, and radiologists in the decision-making process. Thanks to the proposed tool, the misdiagnosis rates can be reduced, and the proposed model can be used as a retrospective evaluation tool to validate positive COVID-19 infection cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106580 doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106580 id: cord-310961-e1mb7uuh author: Nouvenne, Antonio title: Point-of-care chest ultrasonography as a diagnostic resource for COVID-19 outbreak in nursing homes date: 2020-05-25 words: 1157.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310961-e1mb7uuh.txt summary: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a chest ultrasound screening program in nursing homes for detecting coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related pneumonia and improving the appropriateness of hospital referral of residents. Conclusions and implications In nursing home residents, screening of COVID-19 pneumonia with bedside chest ultrasonography is feasible and may represent a valid diagnostic aid for an early detection of COVID-19 outbreaks and adequate patient management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a chest ultrasound program for the 60 screening of COVID-19 in a group of Italian nursing homes located in the same district in Northern 61 Italy, and to describe its impact on patient management. Overview of demographic, clinical and ultrasound data of the 83 nursing home residents that were screened for COVID-19 by chest ultrasonography. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective Bedside chest ultrasound, when integrated with clinical data, is an accurate tool improving the diagnostic process of many respiratory diseases. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a chest ultrasound screening program in nursing homes for detecting coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related pneumonia and improving the appropriateness of hospital referral of residents. Design Pragmatic, descriptive, feasibility study from April 2nd to April 9th, 2020. Setting and participants: A total of 83 older residents (age 85±8) presenting mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and not previously tested for COVID-19, residing in five nursing homes in Northern Italy. Methods Chest ultrasound was performed at the bedside by a team of hospital specialists with certified expertise in thoracic ultrasonography, following a systematic approach exploring four different areas for each hemithorax, from the anterior and posterior side. Presence of ultrasonographic signs of interstitial pneumonia, including comet-tail artifacts (B-lines) with focal or diffuse distribution, subpleural consolidations and pleural line indentation was detected. The specialist team integrated ultrasound data with clinical and anamnestic information, and gave personalized therapeutic advice for each patient, including hospital referral when needed. Results The most frequent reasons for ultrasound evaluation were fever (63% of participants) and mild dyspnea (40%). Fifty-six patients (67%) had abnormal ultrasound findings. The most common patterns were presence of multiple subpleural consolidations (32 patients) and diffuse B-lines (24 patients), with bilateral involvement. A diagnosis of suspect COVID-19 pneumonia was made in 44 patients, and six of them required hospitalization. Twelve patients had ultrasound patterns suggesting other respiratory diseases, and two patients with normal ultrasound findings were diagnosed with COPD exacerbation. Conclusions and implications In nursing home residents, screening of COVID-19 pneumonia with bedside chest ultrasonography is feasible and may represent a valid diagnostic aid for an early detection of COVID-19 outbreaks and adequate patient management. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020304539?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.050 id: cord-354411-4emzxu09 author: Nouvenne, Antonio title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Correlations with Chest CT on Hospital admission date: 2020-06-22 words: 3959.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354411-4emzxu09.txt summary: As reported by studies in mall case series, COVID-19 pneumonia can be associated with multifocal B lines, bilateral subpleural consolidations, and pleural thickening [12] [13] [14] , which reflect abnormalities detectable on chest CT [14] . The primary aim of this observational study was to describe LUS patterns in a group of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to an acute-care hospital and to explore correlations of these findings with both chest CT and clinical features. Within 24 h from ward admission and CT scanning, bedside LUS was performed as part of the routine diagnostic evaluation, adopted in our medical unit even before the emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak, by an ultrasound-certified expert clinician with > 5 years of experience in lung ultrasonography, who was blind to chest CT findings. Although the findings of our study support the use of bedside LUS in the evaluation of patients with suspect COVID-19, ultrasound should not be considered as a substitute for chest CT for several reasons. abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an accurate, safe, and cheap tool assisting in the diagnosis of several acute respiratory diseases. The diagnostic value of LUS in the workup of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in the hospital setting is still uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this observational study was to explore correlations of the LUS appearance of COVID-19-related pneumonia with CT findings. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (14 males, age 64 ± 16 years) urgently hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, who underwent chest CT and bedside LUS on the day of admission, were enrolled in this observational study. CT images were reviewed by expert chest radiologists, who calculated a visual CT score based on extension and distribution of ground-glass opacities and consolidations. LUS was performed by clinicians with certified competency in thoracic ultrasonography, blind to CT findings, following a systematic approach recommended by ultrasound guidelines. LUS score was calculated according to presence, distribution, and severity of abnormalities. RESULTS: All participants had CT findings suggestive of bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia, with an average visual scoring of 43 ± 24%. LUS identified 4 different possible ­abnormalities, with bilateral distribution (average LUS score 15 ± 5): focal areas of nonconfluent B lines, diffuse confluent B lines, small subpleural microconsolidations with pleural line irregularities, and large parenchymal consolidations with air bronchograms. LUS score was significantly correlated with CT visual scoring (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) and oxygen saturation in room air (r = −0.66, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: When integrated with clinical data, LUS could represent a valid diagnostic aid in patients with suspect COVID-19 pneumonia, which reflects CT findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509223 doi: 10.1159/000509223 id: cord-299102-4bwtg6xz author: Novara, Giacomo title: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological practice in emergency departments in Italy date: 2020-05-30 words: 1592.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299102-4bwtg6xz.txt summary: Although several reports are available in the literature on recommendations for reorganization of the clinical and surgical activities [3-7], to our knowledge, no data is available on the effective impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes of other medical conditions. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the urological component of emergency department activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessing the requests for urgent urological consultations in a network of academic and nonacademic hospitals in Italy. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urgent outpatient urological practice, we evaluated the urological consultations performed in emergency departments in a specific week, after the national lockdown of the country starting on 9 March 2020. In the present report evaluating urological consultations in emergency departments during one week of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a substantial decrease in the number of urgent consultations. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are causing a rapid and tragic health emergency worldwide [1,2]. Italy was the first European country to experience a virus outbreak, starting on Feb, 21st 2020. It resulted in national quarantine, and the official lockdown of the country's non-essential businesses and services began on Mar, 9th 2020. Although several reports are available in the literature on recommendations for reorganization of the clinical and surgical activities [3-7], to our knowledge, no data is available on the effective impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcomes of other medical conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407585/ doi: 10.1111/bju.15107 id: cord-355001-audh5qa7 author: Novick, Tessa K. title: COVID-19 and Kidney Disease Disparities in the United States date: 2020-06-23 words: 3574.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355001-audh5qa7.txt summary: Older adults, people experiencing unstable housing, racial and ethnic minorities and immigrants are potentially at increased risk for infection and severe complications from COVID-19. In the context of the viral pandemic, here we describe many disparities and additional struggles of patient populations with kidney disease, including those faced by the aging and homeless, and among racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants, and refugees. A study in San Francisco found that chronic kidney disease patients experiencing homelessness have higher acute care utilization than stably housed counterparts, and greater exposure to hospitals increases COVID-19 exposure. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, a study in Baltimore found that chronic kidney disease patients experiencing housing insecurity were 59% more likely to post-pone needed medical care. 54 Without insurance, undocumented immigrants do not have consistent access to primary care, and undiagnosed or poorly controlled chronic conditions increase their risk for severe complications from COVID-19 if infected. abstract: Abstract Racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, age, and sex-related health disparities in kidney disease are prominent in the United States. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected marginalized populations. Older adults, people experiencing unstable housing, racial and ethnic minorities and immigrants are potentially at increased risk for infection and severe complications from COVID-19. The direct and societal effects of the pandemic may increase risk of incident kidney disease and lead to worse outcomes for those with kidney disease. The rapid transition to telemedicine potentially limits access to care for older adults, immigrants, and people experiencing unstable housing. The economic impact of the pandemic has had a disproportionate effect on women, minorities and immigrants, which may limit their ability to manage kidney disease, and lead to complications or kidney disease progression. We describe the impact of COVID-19 on marginalized populations and highlight how the pandemic may exacerbate existing disparities in kidney disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1548559520300938?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.06.005 id: cord-277123-ekaqbruo author: Novosad, P. title: The COVID-19 mortality effects of underlying health conditions in India: a modelling study date: 2020-07-08 words: 4721.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277123-ekaqbruo.txt summary: Objective: To model how known COVID-19 comorbidities will affect mortality rates and the age distribution of mortality in a large lower middle income country (India), as compared with a high income country (England), and to identify which health conditions drive any differences. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the proportional increase in age-specific mortality in each country due to the prevalence of each COVID-19 mortality risk factor (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, chronic heart disease, respiratory illness, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer, among others). 4, 9, 10 To date there has been limited analysis of the prevalence in LMICs of the specific conditions associated with increased COVID-19 severity, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, nor of how they change the expected level and age distribution of mortality. abstract: Objective: To model how known COVID-19 comorbidities will affect mortality rates and the age distribution of mortality in a large lower middle income country (India), as compared with a high income country (England), and to identify which health conditions drive any differences. Design: Modelling study. Setting: England and India. Participants: 1,375,548 respondents aged 18 to 99 to the District Level Household Survey-4 and Annual Health Survey in India. Additional information on health condition prevalence on individuals aged 18 to 99 was obtained from the Health Survey for England and the Global Burden of Diseases, Risk Factors, and Injuries Studies (GBD). Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the proportional increase in age-specific mortality in each country due to the prevalence of each COVID-19 mortality risk factor (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, chronic heart disease, respiratory illness, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer, among others). The combined change in overall mortality and the share of deaths under 60 from the combination of risk factors was estimated in each country. Results: Relative to England, Indians have higher rates of diabetes (10.6% vs. 8.5%), chronic respiratory disease (4.8% vs. 2.5%), and kidney disease (9.7% vs. 5.6%), and lower rates of obesity (4.4% vs. 27.9%), chronic heart disease (4.4% vs. 5.9%), and cancer (0.3% vs. 2.8%). Population COVID-19 mortality in India relative to England is most increased by diabetes (+5.4%) and chronic respiratory disease (+2.3%), and most reduced by obesity (-9.7%), cancer (-3.2%), and chronic heart disease (-1.9%). Overall, comorbidities lower mortality in India relative to England by 9.7%. Accounting for demographics and population health explains a third of the difference in share of deaths under age 60 between the two countries. Conclusions: Known COVID-19 health risk factors are not expected to have a large effect on aggregate mortality or its age distribution in India relative to England. The high share of COVID-19 deaths from people under 60 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unexplained. Understanding mortality risk associated with health conditions prevalent in LMICs, such as malnutrition and HIV/AIDS, is essential for understanding differential mortality. Keywords: COVID-19, India, low- and middle-income countries, comorbidity url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.05.20140343 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.05.20140343 id: cord-310540-pnb8sr58 author: Novotny, J. S. title: Association between stress and depressive symptoms and the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 words: 3676.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310540-pnb8sr58.txt summary: Conclusions: This population-based longitudinal study showed that Covid-19 related measures had significant impact on mental health in a general population with the feeling of loneliness identified as the biggest risk factor. This hypothesis is further corroborated by recent position papers on the impact of Covid-19 on global mental health (19, 20) , which noted that large majority of studies to date reported largely cross-sectional data from different convenience samples, which do not critically measure changes in various psychological symptoms in response to Covid-19. The e-questionnaire consisted in demographic characteristics, response to how Covid-19 related government measures affected their daily life and habits, including their experience with quarantine and the use of personal protective equipment, their current medical status (in the Supplement pp [2] [3] [4] [5] and psychological questionnaires evaluating stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and illness perception. abstract: Objective: To date, cross-sectional surveys reported frequency and distribution of mental health disorders on convenience samples impacted by Covid-19. Longitudinal assessment of mental health during Covid-19 in a representative population-based sample, however, is currently largely missing. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in perceived stress levels and depressive symptoms measured before and during Covid-19 pandemic in a representative population-based sample. Methods: Baseline data on stress levels and depressive symptoms from a well-established population-based sample were compared with those obtained from self-administered e-questionnaires distributed during Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 715 participants completed e-questionnaires. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test repeated-measure differences, while between-group differences were analysed using Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Perceived stress levels and depressive symptoms increased 1.4 and 5.5 times, respectively, during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the time prior Covid-19. Changes in stress and depressive symptoms were most significant in females and did not depend on whether one quarantined alone or with others. Feeling of loneliness during Covid-19 pandemic had the greatest impact on increased stress levels and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: This population-based longitudinal study showed that Covid-19 related measures had significant impact on mental health in a general population with the feeling of loneliness identified as the biggest risk factor. This impact indicates the need of timely and tailored treatment of mental health disorders and integration of preventive mental health measures into global public health policies to protect mental health during future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.20163113 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20163113 id: cord-337837-5uynih1y author: Nowakowski, Alexandra C H title: Brave New Lungs: Aging in the Shadow of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 2695.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337837-5uynih1y.txt summary: In the process, it summarizes lessons from established patient populations aging with progressive lung disease—using cystic fibrosis as a prominent example from the author''s lived experience—that may enhance the experiences of older COVID-19 survivors. Clinicians and researchers alike can prepare to work with people growing older with COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reviewing current knowledge about aging with progressive fibrotic lung pathology secondary to other conditions. Researchers and clinicians focused on aging and old people care should thus consider the promise of different drugs demonstrated to help with the management of chronic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the appropriateness of using these therapies with people whose lung damage originated with COVID-19 specifically-and how that may differ in patients of older age at onset. More experienced patients whose pulmonary fibrosis originated with other conditions can thus offer valuable support in developing both best clinical practices and responsive community resources for aging and older adults with long-term respiratory impacts from COVID-19. abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect communities worldwide, this novel disease is leaving many survivors with severe lung damage. Among older patients, advanced lung damage is more likely. Survivors of all ages who have extensive lung impacts are likely to be new to managing those issues. Supporting healthy aging for these patients will require both gathering data about their unique experiences and using the existing evidence basis about adapting to managing obstructive lung disease. This article outlines key priorities for research with COVID-19 survivors aging with permanent lung damage and highlights unique considerations for people older at age of onset. It also outlines the relevance of findings from this research for clinical care supporting people newly aging with advanced lung disease from COVID-19. In the process, it summarizes lessons from established patient populations aging with progressive lung disease—using cystic fibrosis as a prominent example from the author’s lived experience—that may enhance the experiences of older COVID-19 survivors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32766805/ doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa118 id: cord-353509-yfkiaq80 author: Nugraha, Rhea Veda title: Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons date: 2020-10-10 words: 7433.0 sentences: 413.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt summary: This review discusses some herbal agents extracted from various plants, including Echinacea, Cinchona, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which are considered for the treatment of COVID-19. e single cause of this highly communicable disease is a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the seventh known virus of the Coronaviridae family capable of infecting humans [2] . Studies that describe the relation of some herbal drugs with the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, treatment, and prevention remain to be explained. in their systematic review about convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) for the treatment of COVID-19 suggested that CPT could be an effective therapeutic option with promising evidence on safety, improvement of clinical symptoms, and reduced mortality, in addition to antiviral/antimicrobial drugs. A clinical trial study is needed to confirm the effect of using curcumin as a preventive agent against COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family. The first case was reported in December 2019, and the disease has become a pandemic. Impaired immune regulation is one of the factors that play a role in its pathogenesis and results in poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients. There have been many studies with drug candidates used as antivirals or immunomodulators. However, the results of these investigations showed that the drug candidates were not significantly effective against the disease. Meanwhile, people believe that consuming herbal immunomodulators can prevent or even cure COVID-19. Unfortunately, specific preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate the effects of herbal immunoregulators have not been conducted. Certain natural compounds might be effective for the treatment of COVID-19 based on general concepts from previous experiments. This review discusses some herbal agents extracted from various plants, including Echinacea, Cinchona, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, which are considered for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, we discuss the pros and cons of utilising herbal medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, draw some conclusions, and make recommendations at the end of the session. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2560645 doi: 10.1155/2020/2560645 id: cord-348879-opzkodt7 author: Nune, A. title: Challenges in delivering rheumatology care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-25 words: 2615.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348879-opzkodt7.txt summary: The rheumatology community''s responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients had to be balanced with measures to reduce the risk of viral transmission and also protection of both the patients and staff. To deliver safe and effective care, the British Society for Rheumatology (BSR) and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) have produced guidelines for the management of patients with rheumatological autoimmune inflammatory and metabolic bone disorders during the current pandemic (Table 1) [5, 6] . The rheumatology community had to achieve a balance of protecting the patients and staff, reducing the risk of spread of viral transmission whilst providing a safe continuous clinical care. There will be patients who will be apprehensive attending for ''face-to-face'' consultations as elective services resume, and we need to ensure that the clinic environment is safe to deliver innovative care. abstract: COVID-19 has significantly affected healthcare systems around the world. To prepare for this unprecedented emergency, elective patient care was put on hold across the National Health Service (NHS). Rheumatology service had to be reorganised with a cancellation of elective clinics and clinical reconfiguration to continue to deliver care to patients, support frontline, and prevent viral transmission. The rheumatology community’s responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients had to be balanced with measures to reduce the risk of viral transmission and also protection of both the patients and staff. We describe our experience of delivering rheumatology service as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE NG167) guidelines at a district general hospital during the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05312-z doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05312-z id: cord-277855-pfmslxy6 author: Nunes Duarte‐Neto, Amaro title: Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID‐19 assessed by ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy date: 2020-05-22 words: 2896.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277855-pfmslxy6.txt summary: 14, 15 As a rapid response and preparedness for this new epidemic, our University Clinical Hospital (HC-FMUSP) was assigned to treat the patients with severe COVID-19 in the city of Sao Paulo and we developed a procedure of ultrasound-based minimally invasive autopsy (MIA-US) to study the fatal cases. All rights reserved without negative pressure autopsy rooms; the images obtained by ultrasound are good enough to localise and orient the sampling in several organs; it provides information within a time window fast enough to orient the management of critically ill patients. 1 As the WHO has not yet incorporated the autopsy result in the case definition, considering the possibility of false-negative molecular tests and the absence of an alternative diagnosis for the cause of death, we extended the case definition to one patient with acute and fatal respiratory distress, with typical radiological and histological pulmonary changes, even with negative laboratory results. abstract: AIMS: Brazil ranks high in the number of COVID‐19 cases and COVID‐19’s mortality rate. In this context, autopsies are important to confirm the disease, determine associated conditions, and study the pathophysiology of this novel disease. In order to follow biosafety recommendations, we used Ultrasound‐Guided Minimally Invasive Autopsy (MIA‐US) to assess the systemic involvement of COVID‐19 and present the results of ten initial autopsies. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used MIA‐US for tissue sampling of lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, brain, skin, skeletal muscle and testis for histology and RT‐PCR to detect SARS‐COV‐2‐RNA. All patients presented exudative/proliferative Diffuse Alveolar Damage. There were intense pleomorphic cytopathic effects on the respiratory epithelium, including airway and alveolar cells. Fibrinous thrombi in alveolar arterioles were present in eight patients and all patients presented a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes. Small thrombi were less frequently observed in glomeruli, spleen, heart, dermis, testis, and liver sinusoids. The main systemic findings were associated with comorbidities, age, and sepsis, in addition to possible tissue damage due to the viral infection such as myositis, dermatitis, myocarditis and orchitis. CONCLUSIONS: MIA‐US is safe and effective for the study of severe COVID‐19. Our findings show that COVID‐19 is a systemic disease with major events in the lungs and involvement of various organs and tissues. Pulmonary changes are the result of severe epithelial injury and microthrombotic vascular phenomena. These findings indicate that both epithelial and vascular injury should be addressed in therapeutic approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/his.14160 doi: 10.1111/his.14160 id: cord-323603-99d0wv1h author: Nunez Garcia, B. title: Real-world data: Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-09-30 words: 1537.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323603-99d0wv1h.txt summary: Methods: EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, BRCA1/2 mutation testing of advanced lung adenocarcinoma, metastatic colorectal, metastatic melanoma and ovarian cancer patients were performed by qPCR and NGS. Methods: During the period 11 th March to 15 th May 2020, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection who were attending Beaumont Hospital for systemic anti-cancer therapy were included. Those with an ECOG performance status (PS) 3 were more likely to die than those with PS 2 (p<0.001).Compared to those who recovered, patients who died from COVID-19 had higher mean number of organs affected by cancer (3.7 vs. Conclusions: Patients with cancer who contracted COVID-19 and died had more sites of metastatic disease, a poorer performance status, and a higher Palliative Prognostic Score. Results: Our bulk data suggests that aerodigestive and lung cancer models express a broad range of ACE2 and TMRPSS2, particularly in epithelial cells, and would serve as good models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753420417934 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1797 id: cord-328181-b2o05j3j author: Nunez-Corrales, S. title: The Epidemiology Workbench: a Tool for Communities to Strategize in Response to COVID-19 and other Infectious Diseases date: 2020-07-25 words: 11455.0 sentences: 594.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328181-b2o05j3j.txt summary: The Epidemiology Workbench provides access to an agent-based model in which demographic, geographic, and public health information a community together with a social distancing and testing strategy may be input, and a range of possible outcomes computed, to inform local authorities on coping strategies. 3 Building a multi-objective model for COVID-19: the agent-based route Based on the discussion above, our current research efforts have focused on the development of an integrated simulation model capable of a) accurately reflecting known dynamics of the current pandemic and the qualitative results of other models, b) simulating data-driven stochastic heterogeneity across agent populations to more realistically reflect the variability of underlying human populations when the model is applied, c) integrating economic considerations in association with observable features of the pandemic, d) allowing detailed simulation of known public policy measures at different times, intensities and dates, and e) providing a simple interface for non-expert users to configure and interpret. abstract: COVID-19 poses a dramatic challenge to health, community life, and the economy of communities across the world. While the properties of the virus are similar from place to place, the impact has been dramatically different from place to place, due to such factors as population density, mobility, age distribution, etc. Thus, optimum testing and social distancing strategies may also be different from place to place. The Epidemiology Workbench provides access to an agent-based model in which demographic, geographic, and public health information a community together with a social distancing and testing strategy may be input, and a range of possible outcomes computed, to inform local authorities on coping strategies. The model is adaptable to other infectious diseases, and to other strains of coronavirus. The tool is illustrated by scenarios for the cities of Urbana and Champaign, Illinois, the home of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our calculations suggest that massive testing is the most effective strategy to combat the likely increase in local cases due to mass ingress of a student population carrying a higher viral load than that currently present in the community. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159798 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20159798 id: cord-035015-slgywe0c author: Nunn, Alistair V. W. title: SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date: 2020-11-09 words: 14660.0 sentences: 715.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt summary: Data is now showing that COVID-19 patients do have populations of T-cells displaying mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as altered mitochondrial markers in monocyteshinting that immune-metabolic phenotyping could be used to understand disease pathogenesis and possible treatments; this could include targeting mitochondria [32] . The underlying aetiology for "inflammaging" has long thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as suggested by Nick Lane in 2003 in his "double agent" theory [5] , and is now receiving renewed interest, for instance, in how decreasing mitochondrial function can reduce T-cell function and enhance immune senescence, as mitochondria are pivotal in metabolic reprogramming towards the Warburg effect [40] . Furthermore, as evidence indicates that many viruses, which most likely include SARs-CoV-2, modulate bioenergetics and redox in both the immune system and other cells they infect to enhance their own replication, they could potentially induce excessive stress in these systems if their mitochondria are already sub-optimally functional. abstract: Infection with SARs-COV-2 displays increasing fatality with age and underlying co-morbidity, in particular, with markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which seems to be associated with a “cytokine storm” and an altered immune response. This suggests that a key contributory factor could be immunosenescence that is both age-related and lifestyle-induced. As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. Furthermore, as viruses in general, and quite possibly this new virus, have also evolved to modulate immunometabolism and thus mitochondrial function to ensure their replication, this could further stress cellular bioenergetics. Unlike most sedentary modern humans, one of the natural hosts for the virus, the bat, has to “exercise” regularly to find food, which continually provides a powerful adaptive stimulus to maintain functional muscle and mitochondria. In effect the bat is exposed to regular hormetic stimuli, which could provide clues on how to resist this virus. In this paper we review the data that might support the idea that mitochondrial health, induced by a healthy lifestyle, could be a key factor in resisting the virus, and for those people who are perhaps not in optimal health, treatments that could support mitochondrial function might be pivotal to their long-term recovery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649575/ doi: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x id: cord-298686-cpuw9ev4 author: Nuno‐Gonzalez, A. title: Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-24 words: 916.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298686-cpuw9ev4.txt summary: title: Prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations, oral and palmoplantar findings in 666 patients with COVID‐19 in a field hospital in Spain Histological study from the acral macules was performed in 4 patients, showing a mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding the blood vessels and the eccrine Accepted Article sweat glands. Both urticaria and vesicular eruptions appeared in younger patients than the rest of the mucocutaneous manifestations with statistical significance (p 0.024) Prior studies have found a significantly lower prevalence of COVID-19 associated dermatoses (20% and 7.8%, respectively)(2,3). In summary, almost half of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 admitted in a field-hospital during a two-week period show mucocutaneous findings. Cutaneous manifestations related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A prospective study from China and Italy Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐2019) has been associated with several cutaneous manifestations(1–3). A temporary field hospital was implemented during the pandemic peak in Madrid, Spain, to attend COVID‐19 patients with mild to moderate pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19564 doi: 10.1111/bjd.19564 id: cord-342204-9tgxijvn author: Nuzzo, Domenico title: Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-03 words: 3227.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342204-9tgxijvn.txt summary: In this axis, virus-induced inflammation and oxidative stress could be the common mechanisms responsible for CoV neurological symptoms. People with COVID-19 generally develop respiratory symptoms but the increasing evidence shows that some patients with a severe infection also develop neurological ailments like confusion, stroke, seizure, or loss of smell and taste. Recent studies discussed the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2; in fact, some infected subjects did show neurological effects. In fact, detection of some RNA of human-coronavirus in human brain samples clearly demonstrates that these respiratory pathogens are naturally neuroinvasive in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f humans and suggests that they establish a persistent infection in human CNS (Arbour et al., 2000) . Therefore, inflammation and oxidative stress systemic, induced by SARS-CoV-2 lung injury, could has effect in CNS causing neuronal dysfunction. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are large positive stranded enveloped RNA viruses that generally cause enteric and respiratory diseases in humans and in animals. Most human CoVs have recently attracted global attention to their lethal potential and great infectious capacity. A highly pathogenic CoV, called COVID-19 or SARS‐CoV2, dramatically emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This new CoV has caused severe pneumonia in China and rapidly spreads around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic. Growing evidence pieces show that viruses, such as CoVs, can enter the central nervous system from different pathways and inducing neurotoxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to make clear whether SARS-CoV-2 has access to the central nervous system and can cause direct neuronal effects. Moreover, a brain–lung–brain axis is been proposed from the scientific community where severe neurological dysfunction and injury are associated with lung injury, and vice versa. In this axis, virus-induced inflammation and oxidative stress could be the common mechanisms responsible for CoV neurological symptoms. Therefore, is important to make clear whether SARS-CoV-2 lung damage can cause indirect or indirect neuronal effects. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168010220303990?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.009 id: cord-326413-rhvsdpyk author: Nuzzolese, Emilio title: Dental autopsy recommendations in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases date: 2020-05-04 words: 2316.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326413-rhvsdpyk.txt summary: Abstract Unidentified human remains with unknown medical history can always pose biological hazards to forensic pathologists and odontologists, including hepatitis C, HIV infection, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, meningitis and now Sars-Cov2. This short report provides specific recommendations to forensic odontologists in terms of biosafety and infection control practices during the post mortem dental data collection of unidentified human remains without any known medical history data. Forensic odontologists and dental hygienists involved in autoptic procedures of unidentified human remains infected with COVID-19 must be well trained in infection prevention control practices and for the task of managing the dead in challenging circumstances [12, 14] . Forensic odontologists and dental hygienists involved in autoptic procedures of infectious human remains should always be well trained in infection prevention control practices and management of the dead in challenging circumstances. abstract: Abstract Unidentified human remains with unknown medical history can always pose biological hazards to forensic pathologists and odontologists, including hepatitis C, HIV infection, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), hemorrhagic fever viruses such as Ebola, meningitis and now Sars-Cov2. The pandemic of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached 185 Countries with an increasing number of deaths. Forensic pathologists and odontologists may find themselves having to perform an identification autopsy to confirmed or suspected Sars-Cov2 positive deaths. By respecting the entire set of universal precautions and recommendations the highlighted risks can be minimized, and best practice in human identification should always be a priority for human rights of the dead. The following article is a summary of the recommendations for conducting dental autopsies and management of suspected COVID-19 cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589871X2030036X doi: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.04.004 id: cord-326991-m0lfk0a9 author: Nuñez, Jorge H. title: Rethinking Trauma Hospital Services in one of Spain''s Largest University Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. How can we organize and help? Our experience. date: 2020-09-25 words: 4018.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326991-m0lfk0a9.txt summary: Each decision requires an individualized risk/benefit assessment, with the aims of protecting healthcare personal and patients, helping hospitals deal with Covid-19 lines, and not compromising the assessment and outcomes of our patients. Personnel have been organized to support the Covid-19 units, to cover trauma care (emergency clinical visits and emergent surgeries), operating rooms (delayed fracture emergencies) and clinical consultations (general and specialized consultations via telemedicine). We reduced to a third our orthopaedics and trauma hospital beds, provided coverage for general emergency services and five ICUs, all the while continuing to provide care for our patients, in the form of 102 trauma surgeries, 6413 phone interviews and 520 emergency clinic visits. We reduced to a third our orthopaedics and trauma hospital beds, provided coverage for general emergency services and five ICUs, all the while continuing to provide care for our patients, in the form of 102 trauma surgeries, 6413 phone interviews and 520 emergency clinic visits. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The severe disruptions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus have necessitated a redistribution of resources to meet hospitals’ current service needs during this pandemic. The aim is to share our experiences and outcomes during the first month of the Covid-19 pandemic, based on the strategies recommended and strategies we have implemented. METHODS: Our experience comes from our work at a referral hospital within the Spanish National Health System. Changes to clinical practice have largely been guided by the current evidence and four main principles: (1) patient and health-care worker protection, (2) uninterrupted necessary care, (3) conservation of health-care resources, (4) uninterrupted formation for residents. Based on these principles, changes in the service organization, elective clinical visits, emergency visits, surgical procedures, and inpatient and outpatient care were made. RESULTS: Using the guidance of experts, we were able to help the hospital address the demands of the Covid-19 outbreak. We reduced to a third of our orthopaedics and trauma hospital beds, provided coverage for general emergency services, and five ICUs, all continuing to provide care for our patients, in the form of 102 trauma surgeries, 6413 phone interviews and 520 emergency clinic visits. Also in the third week, we were able to restart morning meetings via telematics, and teaching sessions for our residents. On the other hand, eight of the healthcare personnel on our service (10.8%) became infected with Covid-19. CONCLUSIONS: As priorities and resources increasingly shift towards the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to maintain the high standard and quality of care necessary for trauma and orthopaedics patients while the pandemic persists. We must be prepared to organize our healthcare workers in such a way that the needs of both inpatients and outpatients are met. It is still possible to operate on those patients who need it. Unfortunately, some healthcare workers will become infected. It is essential that we protect those most susceptible to severer consequences of Covid-19. Also crucial are optimized protective measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.055 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.09.055 id: cord-259971-e3h8pr1v author: Nwachukwu, Izu title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada date: 2020-09-01 words: 3991.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259971-e3h8pr1v.txt summary: Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. In an online survey of Chinese subjects, prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants younger than 35 years than in participants aged 35 years or older [13] with age and amount of time spent focusing on COVID-19 identified as potential risk factors for psychological illness. On the other hand, older people tend to be less socially mobile than younger ones, thus possibly explaining their reported lower scores on rating scales for stress, anxiety, and depression during a pandemic lockdown. The trend for mean scores across the stress, depression, and anxiety scales to decrease in severity from younger to older age has potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. abstract: Background: The spread of COVID-19 along with strict public health measures have resulted in unintended adverse effects, including greater levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. This study examined relative presentations of these psychopathologies in different age groups in a Canadian cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Participants were subscribers to the Text4Hope program, developed to support Albertans during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey link was used to gather demographic information and responses on several self-report scales, such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were 8267 individuals who completed the survey, giving a response rate of 19.4%. Overall, 909 (11.0%) respondents identified as ≤25 years, 2939 (35.6%) identified as (26–40) years, 3431 (41.5%) identified as (41–60) years, 762 (9.2%) identified as over 60 years, and 226 (2.7%) did not identify their age. Mean scores on the PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scales were highest among those aged ≤25 and lowest amongst those aged >60 years old. Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176366 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176366 id: cord-304157-u0mlee6u author: Nyasulu, Juliet title: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date: 2020-07-22 words: 4420.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt summary: Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and nonhealth departments to increase management capacity. 18, 19 This article looks at the possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the South African health system and proposes possible solutions to maintain the delivery of essential health services whilst fighting the pandemic, with a specific focus on HIV and EPI. Using the documented existing service delivery gaps, we analysed EPI and HIV programmes as examples of priority essential health services to be maintained by South Africa during this emergency period. abstract: South Africa had its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on 06 March 2020 in an individual who travelled overseas. Since then, cases have constantly increased and the pandemic has taken a toll on the health system. This requires extra mobilisation of resources to curb the disease and overcome financial loses whilst providing social protection to the poor. Assessing the effects of COVID-19 on South African health system is critical to identify challenges and act timely to strike a balance between managing the emergency and maintaining essential health services. We applied the World Health Organization (WHO) health systems framework to assess the effects of COVID-19 on South African health system, and proposed solutions to address the gaps, with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) programmes. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has direct impact on the health system, negatively affecting its functionality, as depletion of resources to curb the emergency is eminent. Diversion of health workforce, suspension of services, reduced health-seeking behaviour, unavailability of supplies, deterioration in data monitoring and funding crunches are some of the noted challenges. In such emergencies, the ability to deliver essential services is dependent on baseline capacity of health system. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Strategic responses thus planned can assist in mitigating the adverse effects of the pandemic whilst preventing morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases in the population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787396/ doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2480 id: cord-272310-imvxrroc author: Nyholm, Silvia title: Invasive mechanical ventilation in a former preterm infant with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 707.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272310-imvxrroc.txt summary: The consensus to date is that most infants and children only have mild COVID-19 symptoms and few require intensive care. The consensus to date is that most infants and children only have mild COVID-19 symptoms and few require intensive care. The girl only had mild respiratory symptoms and stayed 24 hours at the paediatric ward and was then cared for at home, but the boy required intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. The girl only had mild respiratory symptoms and stayed 24 hours at the paediatric ward and was then cared for at home, but the boy required intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. The twins, of African descent, were delivered by Caesarean section at a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 30 weeks, as the mother had pre-eclampsia and the male twin was showing intrauterine growth restriction. The take home message is that even infants can get severe COVID-19 that may require intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. abstract: The consensus to date is that most infants and children only have mild COVID-19 symptoms and few require intensive care. However, there are some described exceptions and this brief report looks at a set of preterm twins born at the University Children's Hospital in Uppsala Sweden. The girl only had mild respiratory symptoms and stayed 24-hours at the paediatric ward and was then cared for at home, but the boy required intensive care and invasive ventilatory support. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15437 doi: 10.1111/apa.15437 id: cord-307623-8bd5m5tk author: Núñez Gil, Iván J. title: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19 international registry (HOPE COVID-19), rationale and design date: 2020-09-23 words: 1731.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307623-8bd5m5tk.txt summary: With a current recruitment of more than 7000 cases, in 46 hospitals in 8 countries, since it is not possible to estimate the sample size based on literature reports, the investigators will try to get the maximum numbers of patients possible. The study primary objective is all cause mortality and aims to characterize the clinical profile of patients infected in order to develop a prognostic clinical score allowing, rapid logistic decision making. The main objective of the present study is to characterize the clinical profile of patients infected with COVID-19 in order to develop a simple prognostic clinical score allowing a rapid logistic decision making: discharge with follow-up, referral to provisional/field hospitals or admission to regular hospital centers. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study abstract: The disease produced by the new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), named COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) has recently been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, scarce clinical data is available and generally limited to the Chinese population due to the first cases were identified in Wuhan (Hubei, China). This article describes the rationale and design of the HOPE COVID-19 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID 19) registry (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04334291). With an ambispective cohort design, eligible patients are those discharged, deceased or alive, from any hospital center with a confirmed diagnosis or a COVID-19 high suspicion. With a current recruitment of more than 7000 cases, in 46 hospitals in 8 countries, since it is not possible to estimate the sample size based on literature reports, the investigators will try to get the maximum numbers of patients possible. The study primary objective is all cause mortality and aims to characterize the clinical profile of patients infected in order to develop a prognostic clinical score allowing, rapid logistic decision making. As secondary objectives, the analysis of other clinical events, the risk-adjusted influence of treatments and previous comorbidities of patients infected with the disease will be performed. The results of HOPE COVID-19 will contribute to a better understanding of this condition. We aim to describe the management of this condition as well as the outcomes in relation to the therapy chosen, in order to gain insight into improving patient care in the coming months. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04334291. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989425/ doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100654 id: cord-270525-nmebqrb1 author: Núñez-Velasco, Santiago title: Response to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in a Non-COVID-19 Designated Latin-American Neurosurgery Department date: 2020-05-11 words: 2660.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270525-nmebqrb1.txt summary: METHODS An organized response regarding personnel, surgical case selection, operating room behavior, and facility reorganization were designed to prevent an internal coronavirus outbreak in the neurosurgery department at the Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. Based on the epidemiological and biological information available in the literature on COVID-19, specific measures adapted to our resources were implemented to design a protocol of organized administration of human resources both assistant and administrative, optimized surgical procedures, proper handling of personal protective equipment and adaptation of the facilities of the neurosurgery department of the FAAHC when treating neurosurgical patients with no SARS-CoV-2 known condition. This would lead us to a catastrophic scenario because there are reports of a 12% of hospital-associated transmission of the virus as the mechanism of infection of patients, that in our case are weak and many of them immunosuppressed; thus, cases of contamination of health-care personnel have also been reported, especially in non-designated COVID areas in which precautions might relax. abstract: BACKGROUND Mexico declared the first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in February 2020. At the time we write this article, our country is facing a community spread phase, expecting a rapid increase in the number of cases and fatalities. The Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara has been declared a non-COVID-19 hospital with the mission of providing care to patients already registered and also those transferred from neurosurgical departments of neighboring centers, which have been converted into COVID-19 only hospitals. METHODS An organized response regarding personnel, surgical case selection, operating room behavior, and facility reorganization were designed to prevent an internal coronavirus outbreak in the neurosurgery department at the Fray Antonio Alcalde Civil Hospital of Guadalajara. RESULTS Distancing actions by the staff and residents, including ward case discussions, neurosurgery rounds, and classes, will be carried out virtually. We classified neurosurgical patients into 4 groups depending on whether their condition demands care in 0-6 hours, 6-48 hours, 48 hours to 14 days, and >14 days. Subsequently, a questionnaire with epidemiologic, radiologic, clinical, and serologic criteria will be applied to determine the risk of COVID-19 infection to define to which area they are going to be transferred according to the different risk zones in our facility. CONCLUSIONS Despite not being a COVID-19 center, we consider all patients at the neurosurgical ward and staff members as asymptomatic carriers or infected in the preclinical period. Specific measures must be taken to ensure the safety and care of neurosurgical patients and medical staff during the community spread phase. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878875020309797?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.019 id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O''Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 words: 11213.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt summary: The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468 doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468 id: cord-254222-ifsqiibv author: O''Connor, Rory C title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic – Authors'' reply date: 2020-06-18 words: 1164.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254222-ifsqiibv.txt summary: 6 Research into the link between ethnicity and COVID-19 outcome is urgent, 7 and mental health aspects need to be included here. Third, in the rush to understand the effect of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing, it is more important than ever that the highest standards of ethical research practice are maintained. We are encouraged and stimulated by the responses to our Position Paper on COVID-19 mental health science. These responses complement the priorities outlined in our Position Paper and will stimulate further research using diverse methods, including more perspectives from the social sciences and focusing on additional vulnerable populations-eg, young people with complex forensic mental health needs, 1 and babies. It is now a responsibility to include the voices of all those whose mental health is affected by this pandemic and ensure that research findings are translated into practice. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30247-9 doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30247-9 id: cord-270885-wkczsrgu author: O''Donoghue, Cathal title: Modelling the Distributional impact of the Covid‐19 Crisis(1) date: 2020-06-17 words: 4369.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270885-wkczsrgu.txt summary: We combine nowcasting methods using up-todate data from Live Registers, official reports on the labour market and policy impacts of COVID-19 with the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and a household income generation model to predict the distributional impact and the fiscal costs of the COVID-19. We overcome this challenge by proposing a more nuanced approach based on a ''nowcasting'' methodology (O''Donoghue and Loughrey, 2014) which combines the latest available European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data with recent data on employment and prices to calibrate a microsimulation model of household incomes, taxes and benefits to produce a real time picture of the population and to identify who is affected differentially (Atkinson et al, 2002) . However, given the nature of the shock, and the multi-faceted impact on household living standards, it is necessary to utilise an augmented version of disposable income, which takes into account also work-related expenditures (childcare, commuting), housing costs and capital losses. abstract: The COVID‐19 emergency has had a dramatic impact on market incomes and income support policies. The lack of timely available data constrains the estimation of the scale and direction of recent changes in the income distribution, which in turn constrain policymakers seeking to monitor such developments. We overcome the lack of data by proposing a dynamic calibrated microsimulation approach to generate counterfactual income distributions as a function of more timely external data than is available in dated income surveys. We combine nowcasting methods using publicly available data and a household income generation model to perform the first calibrated simulation based upon actual data aiming to assess the distributional implications of the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland. Overall, we find that the crisis had an equalizing real‐time effect for both gross and disposable incomes, notwithstanding the significant hardship experienced by many households. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12231 doi: 10.1111/1475-5890.12231 id: cord-335477-po201szv author: O''Leary, Fenton title: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. date: 2020-09-21 words: 3200.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335477-po201szv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335477-po201szv.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. The aim of this study was to identify the number of staff contacts and AGPs with patients in the Paediatric ED over a 24 hour period and attribute PPE required according to the NSW CEC guideline and compare this to the PPE required based on staff zone allocations. Estimated PPE requirements for each of the three levels of risk of infection and transmission based on staff roles and zone allocations are described in Table 3 -supplementary file and based on patient contacts and procedures in Table 4 -supplementary file. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required in a Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic comparing the use per patient to use per patient zone, based on the NSW Clinical Excellence Commission (CEC) guidelines in place at the time of the study. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of all patients and staff present in the emergency department of The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia in the 24hour period of Sunday 5(th) April 2020. The primary outcome of PPE estimates was generated from identifying the number of patient contacts and aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) performed per patient as well as the number of staff on shift. RESULTS: One hundred patients attended the ED (50% of usual) and all were included in the study. For a low risk community environment allocating PPE per patient contact required 48 face shields, 382 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 430 gowns for the day, increasing to 430 face shields, 331 surgical masks, 430 N95 masks and 761 gowns in a high‐risk community environment. Allocating PPE using zoning reduces the requirement to 48 face shields, 192 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 204 gowns, increasing to 196 face shields, 96 surgical masks, 196 N95 masks and 292 gowns per day in a high‐risk community environment. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the considerable requirement for PPE in a Paediatric ED, which varies according to presentation type and the background prevalence of COVID‐19 in the community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959477/ doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13653 id: cord-351116-jwy6k0ih author: O''Reilly, GM title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19: A multisite report from the COVED Quality Improvement Project for July 2020 (COVED‐3) date: 2020-09-21 words: 3598.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351116-jwy6k0ih.txt summary: METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study in Australian EDs. This analysis presents data from eight sites across Victoria and Tasmania for July 2020 (during Australia''s ''second wave''). 3 The objectives of this analysis (COVED-3), undertaken during the ‗second wave'', were to explore the association between SARS-CoV-2 test result and mechanical ventilation and death in hospital and to identify clinical and epidemiological variables predictive of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. 12 These include history (age, sex, symptoms and duration of presenting complaint, epidemiological features, co-morbidities), findings on clinical examination, radiological and blood investigations, care provided in the ED and hospital (including commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation and ED disposition destination) and patient outcomes (including survival to discharge). In terms of clinical and epidemiological risk factors, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were more likely to report close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19 or a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab result in the 14 days prior to their ED presentation. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19. METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study in Australian EDs. This analysis presents data from eight sites across Victoria and Tasmania for July 2020 (during Australia's ‘second wave’). All adult patients who met criteria for ‘suspected COVID‐19’ and underwent testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the ED were eligible for inclusion. Study outcomes included a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test result and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: In the period 1 to 31 July 2020, there were 30 378 presentations to the participating EDs and 2917 (9.6%; 95% CI: 9.3–9.9) underwent testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. Of these, 50 (2%) patients returned a positive result. Among positive cases, two (4%) received mechanical ventilation during their hospital admission compared to 45 (2%) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 negative patients (OR 1.7 [95% CI: 0.4–7.3], p = 0.47). Two (4%) SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients died in hospital compared to 46 (2%) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 negative patients (OR 1.7 [0.4–7.1] p = 0.49). Strong clinical predictors of a positive result included self‐reported fever, non‐smoking status, bilateral infiltrates on CXR, and absence of a leucocytosis on first ED blood tests (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective multi‐site study from July 2020, a substantial proportion of ED patients required SARS‐CoV‐2 testing, isolation and enhanced infection prevention and control precautions. Presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 on nasopharyngeal swab was not associated with death or mechanical ventilation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13651 doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13651 id: cord-338462-muetf7l1 author: OKPOKORO, E. title: Ecologic correlation between underlying population level morbidities and COVID-19 case fatality rate among countries infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-02 words: 2743.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338462-muetf7l1.txt summary: Of the 204 countries analyzed, only 11 countries (i.e. 5%) had complete datasets across all 5 population level morbidities (i.e. prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy, quality of air, and adult HIV prevalence variables). Conclusion: While we interpret our data with caution given the fact that this is an ecological study, our findings suggest that population level factors such as prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy and quality of air are positively correlated with CFR from COVID-19 but, adult HIV prevalence has a weak and negative correlation with COVID-19 CFR and would require extensive research. This ecological study has demonstrated that a substantial amount of the variation observed in case fatality rate associated with COVID-19 across 204 countries as at 31 st March 2020 could be explained by five population level morbidities such as; prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, adult HIV prevalence, quality of air and life expectancy. abstract: Background: The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unprecedented in scope. High income countries (HIC) seemingly account for the majority of the mortalities considering that these countries have screened more persons. Low middle income countries (LMIC) countries may experience far worse mortalities considering the existence of a weaker health care system and the several underlying population level morbidities. As a result, it becomes imperative to understand the ecological correlation between critical underlying population level morbidities and COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFR). Method: This is an ecological study using data on COVID-19 cases, prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, adult HIV prevalence, quality of air and life expectancy. We plotted a histogram, performed the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and used spearman correlation to assess the degree of correlation between COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) and other covariates mentioned above. Result: As at the 31st of March 2020, there were a total of 846,281 cases of COVID-19 from 204 countries and a global case fatality rate of 5% (range 0% to 29%). Angola and Sudan both had the highest CFR of 29%, while Italy had the highest number of deaths (i.e. 12,428) as at 31st of March 2020. Adult HIV prevalence has a significant but weak negative correlation with CFR (correlation coefficient = - 0.24, p value =0.01) while all the other variables have positive correlation with CFR due to COVID-19 though not statistically significant. Of the 204 countries analyzed, only 11 countries (i.e. 5%) had complete datasets across all 5 population level morbidities (i.e. prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy, quality of air, and adult HIV prevalence variables). Correlations of CFR from these 11 countries were similar to that from the 204 countries except for the correlation with quality of air and prevalence of tobacco use. Conclusion: While we interpret our data with caution given the fact that this is an ecological study, our findings suggest that population level factors such as prevalence of COPD, prevalence of tobacco use, life expectancy and quality of air are positively correlated with CFR from COVID-19 but, adult HIV prevalence has a weak and negative correlation with COVID-19 CFR and would require extensive research. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.28.20082370v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20082370 id: cord-317349-c8nrd4h9 author: OLAPEGBA, Peter O title: A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria date: 2020-04-15 words: 2024.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317349-c8nrd4h9.txt summary: This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. Regular hand washing and social distancing were selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups as preventive measures against COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.11.20061408 doi: medRxiv preprint 1 2 3 What are the major sources of information about COVID-19 among Nigerians? Notwithstanding the above limitations, this study provides a baseline of information on 6 knowledge and perceptions about the ravaging COVID-19 from respondents across 180 7 municipalities in Nigeria. There is 10 need for further research to build the evidence base for the study of COVID-19 knowledge and 11 precautionary measures. Due to the concern of everyone about COVID-19, the present study, in possibly, is the first 14 survey to assess the knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among Nigerians. abstract: This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. From March 28 to April 4, 2020, this cross-sectional survey used an anonymous online questionnaire to collect data from respondents within Nigeria. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 1357 respondents, aged 15-70 years, from 180 cities and towns within Nigeria. Study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Approximately more than half (57.02%) of the respondents were male with a high level of education (48.86% bachelor degree or higher). Approximately half of the respondents (46.94%) opined that COVID-19 was a biological weapon designed by the Chinese government. About 94% of the respondents identified contact with airborne droplets via breathing, sneezing, or coughing as the most common mode of transmission; most respondents associated COVID-19 with coughing (81.13%), shortness of breath (73.47%) and fever (62.79%). Regular hand washing and social distancing were selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups as preventive measures against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents (91.73%) thought COVID-19 is deadly, and most respondents (84.3%) got 4 or more answers correctly. It was also observed that the traditional media (TV/Radio) is the most common source of health information about COVID-19 (93.5%). Findings revealed that Nigerians have relatively high knowledge, mostly derived from traditional media, about COVID-19. Their perceptions of COVID-19 bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behavior as well as bilateral relations with foreign nations. Evidence-based campaign should be intensified to remove misconceptions and promote precautionary measures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.11.20061408v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.11.20061408 id: cord-338023-gb5jgqcg author: Obara, Shinju title: Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission date: 2020-08-27 words: 2820.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338023-gb5jgqcg.txt summary: title: Anesthesiologist behavior and anesthesia machine use in the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic: awareness and changes to cope with the risk of infection transmission Because SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via aerosols and surface contaminations of the environment, appropriate use of anesthesia machines and appropriate behavior in the operation room (OR) are required specifically in relation to this disease. For patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection, recommendations are use of (1) a high-performance hydrophobic filter (artificial nose) with a high rate of virus rejection (viral filtration efficiency > 99.99% [12] ), and (2) use of a viral filter at the expiratory gas inlet of the anesthesia machine from the expiratory circuit to protect the machine from viruses passing through the artificial nose [12, 13] . Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 Coronavirus infection abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection] first appeared in December 2019 in China and is now spreading worldwide. Because SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via aerosols and surface contaminations of the environment, appropriate use of anesthesia machines and appropriate behavior in the operation room (OR) are required specifically in relation to this disease. The use of high-performance hydrophobic filters with a high rate of virus rejection is recommended as the type of viral filter, and surgical team behaviors that result in aerosol splashes should be avoided. Appropriate hand hygiene by the anesthesiologist is crucial to prevent unexpected environmental contamination. When the anesthesia machine is used instead of an intensive care unit ventilator, it is important to keep the fresh gas flow at least equal to the minute ventilation to prevent excessive humidity in the circuit and to monitor condensation in the circuit and inspiratory carbon dioxide pressure. In addition, both the surgical smoke inherent in thermal tissue destruction and the surgical team’s shoe soles may be factors for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room. Ensuring social distancing—even with a mask in the OR—may be beneficial because healthcare providers may be asymptomatic carriers. After the acute crisis period of COVID-19, the number of cases of essential but nonurgent surgeries for waiting patients is likely to increase; therefore, optimization of OR scheduling will be an important topic. Anesthesiologists will benefit from new standard practices focusing on the prevention of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32856167/ doi: 10.1007/s00540-020-02846-z id: cord-320270-lduhhdld author: Obek, Can title: Management of prostate cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 5550.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320270-lduhhdld.txt summary: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Association of Urology (EAU), and the Canadian Framework advise against routine PC screening, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination (DRE), for all asymptomatic individuals until the pandemic subsides [11, 14, 17] . Although authors recognize that neoadjuvant ADT prior to surgery is normally not recommended outside of clinical trials, they state that upfront ADT may be an option in patients with UIR, HR, and VHR disease during COVID-19 crisis, if prolonged surgical delays are expected [11] . Likewise, Royal College of Surgeons'' Updated Intercollegiate General Surgery Guidance on COVID-19 initial statement of "laparoscopy should generally not be used during the pandemic" was later changed to "consider laparoscopy only in selected individual cases, where clinical benefit to the patient substantially exceeds the risk of viral transmission to surgical and theater teams" [27, 28] . abstract: Prostate cancer patients’ management demands prioritization, adjustments, and a tailored approach during the unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Benefit of care from treatment must be carefully weighed against the potential of infection and morbidity from COVID-19. Furthermore, urologists need to be cognizant of their obligation for wise consumption of restricted healthcare resources and protection of the safety of their coworkers. Nonurgent in-person clinic visits should be postponed or conducted remotely via phone or teleconference. Prostate cancer screening, imaging, and biopsies may be suspended in general. Treatment may be safely deferred in low and intermediate risk patients. Surgery may be delayed in most high-risk patients and neoadjuvant ADT is generally not advocated prior to surgery. Initiation of long-term ADT coupled with EBRT subsequent to the pandemic may be favored as a feasible alternative in high-risk and very high-risk disease. In patients with cN1 disease, treatment within 6 weeks is advocated. Presurgery assessment should include testing for COVID-19 and preferably a chest imaging. In the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, surgery should be postponed whenever possible. All protective measurements suggested by national/international authorities must to be diligently followed during perioperative period. Strict precautions specific to laparoscopic/robotic surgery are required, considering the unproven but potential risk of aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 virus and spillage with pneumoperitoneum. Regarding radiotherapy, shortest safe EBRT regimen should be favored and prophylactic whole pelvic RT and brachytherapy avoided. Chemotherapy should be avoided whenever possible. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0258-7 doi: 10.1038/s41391-020-0258-7 id: cord-303297-fiievwy7 author: Oberemok, Volodymyr V. title: SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship date: 2020-04-30 words: 4082.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt summary: In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In addition, it seems that the virus is also more likely to affect the heart than any other similar viruses, so although pneumonia is often the main cause of death, cardiologists and infectionists, for example in Russia, are seeing infected patients whose worst symptoms are not respiratory, but cardiac and many people infected with COVID-19 are dying from heart attacks, as a possible complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the initial reports stating that most of the laboratory-confirmed infected patients (27 of 41 cases) had links to the Wuhan seafood market where different animals, including bats, snakes, birds, pangolins, and other small mammals are normally traded within the market [6] , it is now obvious that the newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted with enormous efficacy from human to human via respiratory droplets or close contact. abstract: At the population level, the virus-host relationship is not set up to end with the complete elimination of either or both. Pathogen-resistant individuals will always remain in the host population. In turn, the virus can never completely eliminate the host population, because evolutionarily such an event is a dead end for the virus as an obligate intracellular parasite. A certain existential balance exists in the virus-host relationship. Against this backdrop, viral epidemics and pandemics only become manifest and egregious to human beings when tens and hundreds of thousands of people die and the question emerges what caused the high mortality peaks on the death chart. The answer seems clear; the emerging strain of the virus is new to the host population, and new mutations of the virus and natural selection will lead to a survival of only genetically resistant individuals in a host population. The dangers inherent to a novel virus are due to new features generally inthe molecular structure of proteins, which enable the virus to infect the cells of the host organism more intensively, dramatically challenging host immunity, and thus be transmitted more readily in the host population. In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In fact, only two scenarios will occur simultaneously in the very near future: people who are genetically resistant to the virus will get sick, recover, and develop immunity, while people who are sensitive to the virus will need drugs and vaccines, which will have to be researched and developed if they are to recover. If the pandemic does not stop, in a few decades it is anticipated that SARS-CoV-2 will become as safe as the four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) currently circulating but causing low mortality in the human population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32350571/ doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01352-y id: cord-336696-c3rbmysh author: Oberfeld, Blake title: SnapShot: COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 1228.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336696-c3rbmysh.txt summary: authors: Oberfeld, Blake; Achanta, Aditya; Carpenter, Kendall; Chen, Pamela; Gilette, Nicole M.; Langat, Pinky; Said, Jordan Taylor; Schiff, Abigail E.; Zhou, Allen S.; Barczak, Amy K.; Pillai, Shiv Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The causative agent was characterized as a novel coronavirus, initially referred to as 2019-nCoV and renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Zhou et al., 2020b) . This respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission, caused major outbreaks worldwide, and resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. Based on our understanding of SARS and MERS, and their similarity to COVID-19, the human immune response in mild cases is likely characterized by a robust type I interferon antiviral response and CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell response, resulting in viral clearance. abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Viral entry is mediated through viral spike protein and host ACE2 enzyme interaction. Most cases are mild; severe disease often involves cytokine storm and organ failure. Therapeutics including antivirals, immunomodulators, and vaccines are in development. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.013 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.013 id: cord-266070-28a85p50 author: Oberhammer, J. title: Social-distancing effectiveness tracking of the COVID-19 hotspot Stockholm date: 2020-07-02 words: 3323.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266070-28a85p50.txt summary: Methods: A novel distributed-compartmental, time-variant epidemiological model was designed specifically for COVID-19 transmission characteristics, featuring a/pre/symptomatic transmission, a non-linear hospital model, a weakly-coupled sub-model for the care-home population, and parametrized continuous social-distancing functions. Interpretation: The proposed model and methods have proven to analyse a COVID-19 outbreak and to re-construct the social-distancing behaviour with unprecedented accuracy, confirming even minor details indicated by mobility-data analysis, and are applicable to other regions and other emerging infectious diseases of similar transmission characteristics. Modelling is also used to determine key parameters such as population immunity and infection 67 fatality rate (IFR), and to analyse the impact of imposing and revoking social-distancing 68 measures. The SDEF determined for the GP with the advices to the population by FHM, governmental 187 measures, and key events of the outbreak mapped on the timeline, with comparison to Google''s 188 mobility data analysis 38 and the Oxford Governmental Stringency Index, 15 is shown in Figure 5 . abstract: Background: The COVID-19 outbreak in Stockholm, Sweden, is characterized by a near-absence of governmental interventions and high fatalities in the care home population. This study analyses the outbreak and the social-distancing effectiveness timeline in the general population and the care homes. Methods: A novel distributed-compartmental, time-variant epidemiological model was designed specifically for COVID-19 transmission characteristics, featuring a/pre/symptomatic transmission, a non-linear hospital model, a weakly-coupled sub-model for the care-home population, and parametrized continuous social-distancing functions. The model parameters and the social-distancing timelines are determined by randomization and Monte-Carlo simulations analysing real-world data. Findings: Despite a high initial reproduction number (3.29) and the near-absence of governmental interventions, the model quantitated that the transmission rate in the general population was suppressed by 73%, and in the care homes by 79%. The measures in the care homes took effect 4.8 days delayed; and if applied 4 or 8 days earlier, the fatalities could have been reduced by 63.2% or 89.9%. The infected population is estimated to 16.2% (June 10). An expected underestimation of population immunity by antibody studies is confirmed. The infection fatality ratio extrapolates to 0.61% (peak: 1.34%). The model indicates a seasonal effect which effectively suppressed a new rise. An analysed large-scale public event had no large influence. The asymptomatic ratio was determined to 35%. Interpretation: The proposed model and methods have proven to analyse a COVID-19 outbreak and to re-construct the social-distancing behaviour with unprecedented accuracy, confirming even minor details indicated by mobility-data analysis, and are applicable to other regions and other emerging infectious diseases of similar transmission characteristics. The self-regulation of the population in Stockholm, influenced by advices by the authorities, was able to suppress a COVID-19 outbreak to a level far beyond that the stringency index of governmental interventions suggests. Proper timing of effective measures in the care homes is important to reduce fatalities. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.30.20143487v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143487 id: cord-290938-v7giuq53 author: Ochoa-Callejero, L. title: Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-02 words: 3189.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290938-v7giuq53.txt summary: title: Circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are lower in COVID-19 patients Background: To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Results: CGRP levels greatly decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.001) when compared to controls, and there were no significant differences due to disease severity, sex, age, or comorbidities. When separated by disease severity, the three COVID-19 groups displayed significantly lower levels of CGRP when compared to healthy controls, but there were no significant differences among disease groups (Fig. 1A) . This result may explain the higher expression of RAMP1 that was found in COVID-19 lung samples using multiplex gene expression analysis 6 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background: To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Methods: Levels of CGRP in the serum of 57 COVID-19 patients (24 asymptomatic, 23 hospitalized in the general ward, and 10 admitted to the intensive care unit) and healthy donors (n=24) were measured by ELISA. In addition, to better understand the physiological consequences of the observed variations, we investigated by immunofluorescence the distribution of RAMP1, one of the components of the CGRP receptor, in autopsy lung specimens. Results: CGRP levels greatly decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.001) when compared to controls, and there were no significant differences due to disease severity, sex, age, or comorbidities. We found that COVID-19 patients treated with proton pump inhibitors had lower levels of CGRP than other patients not taking this treatment (p=0.001). RAMP1 immunoreactivity was found in smooth muscle cells of large blood vessels and the bronchial tree, and in the airways epithelium. In COVID-19 samples, RAMP1 was also found in proliferating type II pneumocytes, a common finding in these patients. Conclusions: The lower levels of CGRP should negatively impact the respiratory physiology of COVID-19 patients due to vasoconstriction, improper angiogenesis, less epithelial repair, and faulty immune response. Therefore, restoring CGRP levels in these patients may represent a novel therapeutic approach for COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.01.20205088v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.01.20205088 id: cord-355115-oa0okey8 author: Odedra, Devang title: Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian Radiology Residency Training Programs date: 2020-06-11 words: 3108.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355115-oa0okey8.txt summary: In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs. In this study, we aimed to survey Canadian radiology residents on the impact of COVID-19 on their residency training by means of a web-based questionnaire. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies utilized by the training programs. abstract: PURPOSE: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe, with a domino effect on medical education and training. In this study, we surveyed Canadian radiology residents to understand the impact of the pandemic on their residency training, strategies utilized by the residency programs in mitigating those impacts, and factors important to residents in the selection of educational resources on COVID-19. METHODS: A 10-item questionnaire was distributed to 460 resident members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists. The survey was open for 2 weeks, with a reminder sent at half-way mark. RESULTS: We received 96 responses (response rate: 20.9%). The 4 highest affected domains of training were daytime case volumes (92.4%), daytime schedules (87.4%), internal and external assessments (86.5%), and vacation/travel (83.3%). Virtual teaching rounds (91.7%), change in schedules to allow staying home (78.1%), and virtual/phone readouts (72.9%) were the most utilized strategies by the Canadian radiology residency programs. Overall stress of exposure to the disease was moderate to low (86.5%). A minority of the residents were redeployed (6.2%), although most (68.8%) were on standby for redeployment. Residents preferred published society guidelines (92.3%), review papers (79.3%), video lectures (79.3%), and web tools (76.9%) for learning about COVID-19 imaging manifestations. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various domains of the Canadian radiology residency programs, which has been mitigated by several strategies employed by the training programs. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0846537120933215 doi: 10.1177/0846537120933215 id: cord-304610-6o3hydg6 author: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde title: Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa date: 2020-08-27 words: 2318.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt summary: authors: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde; Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade; Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab; Folorunso, Jamiu Bello; Akinbolaji, Thompson; Olawoye, Idowu Bolade In this study, we assessed the various forms of laboratory responses to the containment, risk analyses, structures and features of COVID‐19 in high incidence African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, etc.) to aid better and efficient laboratory responses to the highly infectious diseases. Laboratory professionals play essential roles in diagnosis, epidemiologic surveillance and monitoring of patients with suspected and established cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which is the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19; Lippi & Plebani, 2020) . In this study, an attempt is made to unravel the underlying testing procedures adopted by high incidence African nations (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Algeria) with attendant efficacy relative to their population density. abstract: The rampaging effect of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa is huge and have impacted almost every area of life. Across African states, there exist variations in the laboratory measures adopted, and these heterogeneous approaches, in turn, determines the successes or otherwise recorded. In this study, we assessed the various forms of laboratory responses to the containment, risk analyses, structures and features of COVID‐19 in high incidence African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, etc.) to aid better and efficient laboratory responses to the highly infectious diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904876/ doi: 10.1002/pa.2280 id: cord-275090-2gwv0vbs author: Odone, Anna title: The first 10,000 COVID-19 papers in perspective: Are we publishing what we should be publishing? date: 2020-08-20 words: 857.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275090-2gwv0vbs.txt summary: They were published between 20th January and 7th May 2020, with an average of nearly 100 new papers added every day, published in 1881 different scientific journals. Later in February 2020, a more detailed list of research priorities was identified as essential to inform effective public health responses to COVID-19 3 . In March, the Science Translational Medicine Editorial framed key questions for pandemic prevention, identifying selected pathogen-and society-based variables to be measured 4 . As scientific output around COVID-19 evolves over time, we find, consistent with other efforts that are systematically monitoring the literature 5 , both poor adherence to identified research priorities, and a predominance of opinion over data. More than 60% of published papers on COVID-19 are opinion pieces not reporting original data. Overall, the question remains: has the surge in scientific publication around COVID-19 been a positive, or a negative, for science? How would he react to so few published papers on COVID-19 report original data? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa170 doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa170 id: cord-294916-xc9ozxyn author: Oehmen, Josef title: Risk, uncertainty, ignorance and myopia: Their managerial implications for B2B firms date: 2020-07-31 words: 8488.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294916-xc9ozxyn.txt summary: While risk management, and to some lesser extent, management approaches focused on uncertainty, rely on a ''predict and plan'' mindset (e.g. Van Poucke, Matthyssens, van Weele, & Van Bockhaven, 2019), resilience builds capabilities to ''monitor and react'' (Hall et al., 2015) : This includes building capabilities in four areas: 1) Preparation, financially and operationally, for unexpected disruption (Sheffi, 2017) ; 2) Resistance, the immediate crisis management that moves the organization out of its denial and complacency, and minimizes the negative impact without delay (Henry & Ramirez-Marquez, 2016) ; 3) Recovery, when the organization works to regain pre-crisis performance by repairing damage, improvising, and making do; and 4) Learning, implementing new solutions refining them than possibly surpassing precrisis performance (Taleb, 2013) . First, it is important to note that the most widely used approach, risk management, is typically not geared towards providing meaningful responses to high-impact, low-probability events, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract Rare events are common: Even though any particular type of ‘rare event’ - a world war, global economic collapse, or pandemic for that matter - should only occur once every 100 years, there are enough of those types of ‘rare events’ that overall, they commonly occur about once every 10 years. As we are currently experiencing with the COVID-19 pandemic, we do not sufficiently leverage the rich toolset that risk management offers to prepare for and mitigate the resulting uncertainty. This article highlights four aspects of risk management, and their practical and theorical implications. They are: 1) Risk (in the narrower sense), where possible future outcomes can be captured through probability distributions. 2) A situation of uncertainty, where there is transparency regarding what is not known, but probability distributions are unknown, as well as causal relationships influencing the outcome in question. 3) A situation of ignorance, where there is no understanding that certain possible future developments are even relevant. And finally: 4) The emergence of organizational and inter-organizational myopia as an effect of risk, uncertainty and ignorance on collective human behaviour. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850120304028 doi: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.018 id: cord-346607-1mewok8l author: Oesterle, Tyler S. title: Substance Use Disorders and Telehealth in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A New Outlook date: 2020-10-21 words: 4945.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346607-1mewok8l.txt summary: This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. The COVID-19 pandemic makes it imperative for clinical practice to adapt rapidly in order to meet patient needs for SUD treatment while reducing risk of COVID-19 infection; hence, many providers are now using telehealth for the first time. When compared to treatment as usual for Alcohol Use Disorder, the addition of telephone-based services has been shown to improve abstinence rates and reduce binge drinking in the short term but not after the cessation of the interventions examined with no increase in adverse outcomes. A number of studies have shown group based treatment by videoconference, both support groups and treatment groups, including those targeting tobacco, alcohol and opioid use disorders have been shown to provide safe intervention, high patient satisfaction and appear to have similar outcomes to in person treatments. abstract: During the current COVID-19 epidemic many outpatient chemical dependency treatment programs and clinics are decreasing the number of in-person patients contact. This has widened an already large gap between patients with substance use disorders (SUD) that need treatment and those that actually received treatment. For a disorder where group therapy is the mainstay treatment option for decades, social distancing, shelter in place and treatment discontinuation have created an urgent need for alternative approaches to addiction treatment. In an attempt to continue some care for patients in need, many a medical interventions have transitioned to a virtual environment in order to promote safe social distancing. Although there is ample evidence to support tele-medical interventions, these can be difficult to implement especially in SUD populations. This article reviews current literature for the use of tele/virtual interventions in the treatment of SUDs and offers recommendations on safe an effective implementation strategies based on the current literature. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0025619620311952 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.011 id: cord-323507-u28g423o author: Ofosu-Poku, Rasheed title: Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana date: 2020-06-24 words: 1457.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323507-u28g423o.txt summary: The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated an interim restructuring of the healthcare system in accordance with public health preventive measures to mitigate spread of the virus while providing essential healthcare services to the public. This article discusses how the Palliative Care Team of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana has modified its services in accordance with public health guidelines. The potential challenges in the bereavement period for this family could be dealing with the ''stigma'' of their loved one dying of COVID-19 and the emotional trauma of not being able to perform death rituals for their loved one ("End coronavirus stigma now," 2020; World Health Organization, 2020a, 2020c). In order to meet the palliative care needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19, the following strategy (illustrated in Figure 1 ) was developed after discussions with the COVID teaman interdisciplinary team of doctors and nurses in public health Rasheed Ofosu-Poku et al. World Health Organization (2020a) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report -35 abstract: The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated an interim restructuring of the healthcare system in accordance with public health preventive measures to mitigate spread of the virus while providing essential healthcare services to the public. This article discusses how the Palliative Care Team of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana has modified its services in accordance with public health guidelines. It also suggests a strategy to deal with palliative care needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and their families. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576325/ doi: 10.1017/s1478951520000498 id: cord-295569-5dakd9en author: Ogaugwu, Christian title: Effect of Weather on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality in Lagos, Nigeria date: 2020-08-18 words: 2483.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295569-5dakd9en.txt summary: This study therefore explored the effects of daily temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Nigeria. In this study, we explored how daily atmospheric temperature and humidity affect COVID-19 transmission in Lagos state, the epicenter of the disease. During the period of this study (9 th March to 12 th May 2020), Lagos state recorded a daily maximum incidence of 183 COVID-19 confirmed cases (Table 1; Figure 1 ). Table 2 shows the result of the correlation test between COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state and the meteorological factors, temperature and humidity. [18] found a negative correlation between average daily temperature and COVID-19 cases in mainland China similar to this study, but they observed a correlation between humidity and the disease as well. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic with more than 4 million confirmed cases and over 280,000 confirmed deaths worldwide. Evidence exists on the influence of temperature and humidity on the transmission of related infectious respiratory diseases, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This study therefore explored the effects of daily temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Nigeria. Correlation analysis was performed using incidence data on COVID-19 and meteorological data for the corresponding periods from 9(th) March to 12(th) May, 2020. Our results showed that atmospheric temperature has a significant weak negative correlation with COVID-19 transmission in Lagos. Also, a significant weak negative correlation was found to exist between temperature and cumulative mortality. The strength of the relationship between temperature and the disease incidence increased when 1 week and 2 weeks' predetection delays were put into consideration. However, no significant association was found between atmospheric humidity and COVID-19 transmission or mortality in Lagos. This study contributes more knowledge on COVID-19 and will benefit efforts and decision-making geared towards its control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32855836/ doi: 10.1155/2020/2562641 id: cord-278022-sc02fyqs author: Ogundiran, Akin title: On COVID-19 and Matters Arising date: 2020-06-05 words: 3213.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt summary: The final phase of the editorial process that culminated in this issue of African Archaeological Review (Volume 36, 2) took place in the atmosphere of panic and uncertainties unleashed by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. These concepts-for which I will use the acronym, VCRRS-are often invoked in discussions about how past societies have coped with (or failed to manage) climate change, natural disaster, conflict, ecological degradation, resource scarcity, and social inequality and the implications for the present and future. Heritage studies must take advantage of the interdisciplinary approaches of archaeology so that it can be relevant to the needs of African peoples, especially by supporting the quest to liberate Africa from economic and intellectual dependency rather than perpetuating that dependency. A forum has been convened for future publication in the African Archaeological Review that will explore some aspects of this question while also providing a platform to discuss what we are learning in African archaeology and heritage studies from the social, political, economic, and ecological dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x doi: 10.1007/s10437-020-09390-x id: cord-303523-m16vlv1q author: Ogundokun, R. O. title: MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTION FOR COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN INDIA date: 2020-05-26 words: 3889.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303523-m16vlv1q.txt summary: Objective: The objective of the paper is to formulate a simple average aggregated machine learning method to predict the number, size, and length of COVID-19 cases extent and wind-up period crosswise India. In this study, the authors formulated a simple mean aggregated method by combining 3 popular regression models and predicted the sum of COVID-19 in India. As a substitute for epidemiologic spread procedure, the study employed 3 aggregated methods SVR, NN, and LR to predict the instantaneous movement of the conveyance dynamics and generate the real-time predictions of COVID-19 disease transversely the metropolises of India. In this study, the formulation of aggregated methods illustrates a substantial enhancement in the prediction of the COVID-19 disease in India. The study delivered a substantial enhancement in prediction precisions for COVID-19 disease in India when the postulated aggregated system was employed. The study postulated a simple-mean aggregated method for the prediction of COVID-19 disease in India. abstract: Background: Coronavirus was detected in December 2019 in a bulk seafood shop in Wuhan, China. The original incident of COVID-19 pandemic in India was conveyed on 30th January 2020 instigating from the nation called china. As of 25th April 2020, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has established a total of 24, 942 incidents, 5, 210 recuperation including 1 relocation, and 779 demises in the republic. Objective: The objective of the paper is to formulate a simple average aggregated machine learning method to predict the number, size, and length of COVID-19 cases extent and wind-up period crosswise India. Method: This study examined the datasets via the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). The study also built a simple mean aggregated method established on the performance of 3 regression techniques such as Support Vector Regression (SVR, NN, and LR), Neural Network, and Linear Regression. Result: The results showed that COVID-19 disease can correctly be predicted. The result of the prediction shows that COVID-19 ailment could be conveyed through water and air ecological variables and so preventives measures such as social distancing, wearing of mask and hand gloves, staying at home can help to avert the circulation of the sickness thereby resulting in reduced active cases and even mortality. Conclusion: It was established that the projected method outperformed when likened to previously obtainable practical models on the bases of prediction precision. Hence, putting in place the preventive measures can effectively manage the spread of COVID-19, and also the death rate will be reduced and eventually be over in India and other nations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20107847 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107847 id: cord-283221-y9m4n0de author: Ohara, Nobuyuki title: Stroke Systems of Care during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Kobe City date: 2020-09-30 words: 2511.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283221-y9m4n0de.txt summary: In the present study, we examined the provision of stroke care in Kobe City during the COVID-19 epidemic, where some major stroke centers ceased to provide emergency care. Since the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported on March 3, 2020, in Kobe City, many patients with severe disease were admitted to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital (KCGH), a designated infectious disease facility and a major PSC. When they ceased to provide emergency services, the Kobe Stroke Network launched a series of online meetings among PSC directors to monitor the functioning of the stroke care system in the city, provide consistent messaging to the public, and to continually survey the number of stroke patients treated at each PSC (including treatment type) between March 1 and May 23, 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak raised concerns over healthcare systems’ ability to provide suitable care to stroke patients. In the present study, we examined the provision of stroke care in Kobe City during the COVID-19 epidemic, where some major stroke centers ceased to provide emergency care. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The Kobe Stroke Network surveyed the number of stroke patients admitted to all primary stroke centers (PSCs) in the city between March 1 and May 23, 2020, and between March 3 and May 25, 2019. In addition, online meetings between all PSC directors were held regularly to share information. The survey items included emergency response system characteristics, number of patients with stroke hospitalized within 7 days of onset, administered treatment types (IV rt-PA, mechanical thrombectomy, surgery, and endovascular therapy), and stroke patients with confirmed COVID-19. RESULTS: During the period of interest in 2020, the number of stroke patients hospitalized across 13 PSCs was 813, which was 15.5% lower than that during the same period of 2019 (p=0.285). The number of patients admitted with cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage decreased by 15.4% (p=0.245), 16.1% (p=0.659), and 14.0% (p=0.715), respectively. However, the rates of mechanical thrombectomy and surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage were slightly increased by 12.1% (p=0.754) and 5.0% (p=0.538), respectively. PSCs that ceased to provide emergency care reported a decrease in the number of stroke cases of 65.7% compared with the same period in 2019, while other PSCs reported an increase of 0.8%. No case of a patient with stroke and confirmed COVID-19 was reported during the study period. CONCLUSION: Kobe City was able to maintain operation of its stroke care systems thanks to close cooperation among all city PSCs and a temporal decrease in the total number of stroke cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105343 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105343 id: cord-031417-y9g00712 author: Ohme, Jakob title: Staying Informed and Bridging “Social Distance”: Smartphone News Use and Mobile Messaging Behaviors of Flemish Adults during the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 words: 6890.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031417-y9g00712.txt summary: title: Staying Informed and Bridging "Social Distance": Smartphone News Use and Mobile Messaging Behaviors of Flemish Adults during the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic The contribution of this study lies in its investigation of how, at the aggregate level, smartphones were used during times of crisis, thereby being one of the first studies to draw a detailed picture of citizens'' communication behavior in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 crisis, momentary increases in browser and dedicated news app use when important messages are communicated may reflect such real-time information consumption. We therefore ask, How frequently do citizens use mobile messaging, calling, and social media as communicative means to personal contacts in times of crisis? abstract: The authors explore patterns of smartphone use during the first weeks following the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Belgium, focusing on citizens’ use of smartphones to consume news and to communicate and interact with others. Unique smartphone tracking data from 2,778 Flemish adults reveal that at the height of the outbreak, people used their smartphone on average 45 minutes (28 percent) more than before the outbreak. The number of smartphone pickups remained fairly stable over this period. This means that on average, users did not turn to their smartphones more frequently but used them longer to access news (54 percent increase), social media apps (72 percent increase), messaging apps (64 percent increase), and the voice call feature (44 percent increase). These smartphone use patterns suggest that smartphones are key instruments that help citizens stay informed, in sync, and in touch with society during times of crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472194/ doi: 10.1177/2378023120950190 id: cord-304495-j3kh7tou author: Ohnleiter, Thomas title: Organisation d’un service de radiothérapie pendant l’épidémie de COVID-19 : expérience du centre hospitalier de Mulhouse date: 2020-04-17 words: 2910.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304495-j3kh7tou.txt summary: Leur organisation pendant la période épidémique vise à assurer la continuité des soins tout en limitant le risque de décès dû à une contamination par le SARS-CoV-2 (virus responsable de la COVID-19). Dans le service de radiothérapie du groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse et Sud-Alsace, cette organisation s''articule en cinq points : la protection des personnels médicaux et paramédicaux, la protection des patients en cours de traitement, la détection des patients suspects d''être atteints de COVID-19 et leur prise en charge, la réorganisation du circuit patient et les mesures concernant l''organisation du système qualité du service. Dans le service de radiothérapie du groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse et Sud-Alsace, cette organisation s''articule en cinq points : la protection des personnels médicaux et paramédicaux, la protection des patients en cours de traitement, la détection des patients suspects d''être atteints de COVID-19 et leur prise en charge, la réorganisation du circuit patient et les mesures concernant l''organisation du système qualité du service. abstract: Résumé L’épidémie de COVID-19 continue de croître de manière exponentielle dans notre pays. Si la majorité des formes sont bénignes, les patients atteints de cancer sont à risque de voir se développer une forme grave de la maladie. Les services de radiothérapie sont un lieu à potentiel de contamination en raison du nombre de patients traités et de personnels présent. Leur organisation pendant la période épidémique vise à assurer la continuité des soins tout en limitant le risque de décès dû à une contamination par le SARS-CoV-2 (virus responsable de la COVID-19). Dans le service de radiothérapie du groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse et Sud-Alsace, cette organisation s’articule en cinq points : la protection des personnels médicaux et paramédicaux, la protection des patients en cours de traitement, la détection des patients suspects d’être atteints de COVID-19 et leur prise en charge, la réorganisation du circuit patient et les mesures concernant l’organisation du système qualité du service. Nos pistes de réflexion, débutée dès le début de l’épidémie dans notre département, nous permettent de préserver au maximum l’accès aux soins radiothérapiques en anticipant le risque de diffusion du virus. Grâce à des réunions bihebdomadaires, nous continuons à nous adapter à l’évolution épidémique dans notre service, en tenant compte de nos moyens matériels. La possibilité de réaliser des tests de diagnostic chez tous les patients suspects nous permettrait également d’affiner nos procédures. Summary The COVID-19 outbreak grows exponentially in our country. Despite most of patients develops benign symptoms, cancer patients are at risk of a severe form of the disease. Radiotherapy centres are a potential contamination place due to the number of patients treated and staff present. Their organization during the outbreak period aims to ensure continuity of care while limiting the risk of death from COVID-19. In the radiotherapy department of Mulhouse hospital (France), we pointed five points out: protection of medical and paramedical staff, protection of patients undergoing treatment, detection of patients suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 and their management, reorganization of the patient circuit and measures regarding the quality management. This reflection, which began at the beginning of the outbreak in our city, allows us to preserve the access to radiotherapy treatments by anticipating the risk of spreading the virus. Through biweekly meetings, we continue to adapt to the epidemic in our department, considering our material resources. The ability to perform diagnostic tests in all suspect patients would also allow us to refine our procedures. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2020.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.04.002 id: cord-311636-8l7jlvvj author: Oikonomou, Evangelos title: Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece date: 2020-08-18 words: 940.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311636-8l7jlvvj.txt summary: title: Hospital attendance and admission trends for cardiac diseases during the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown in Greece Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 outbreak, along with implementation of lockdown and strict public movement restrictions, in Greece have affected hospital visits and admissions. Results A falling trend of cardiology ED visits and hospital admissions starting from the week that the restrictive measures due to COVID-19 were implemented was observed. The ED visits in the post-lockdown period were significantly higher compared to the COVID-19 outbreak time period (1,511 vs 660; p<0.05). Following the lifting of 61 restrictive measures we also collected data from an equivalent (4/5/2020 -7/6/2020) 62 time period (post lockdown period). Adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed as We observed a falling trend of cardiology ED visits and admissions starting from 95 the week that the restrictive measures due to COVID-19 were implemented. abstract: Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 outbreak, along with implementation of lockdown and strict public movement restrictions, in Greece have affected hospital visits and admissions. We aimed to investigate trends for cardiac diseases admissions during the outbreak of the pandemic and possible associations with the applied restrictive measures. Study Design Retrospective observational study. Methods Data for 4,970 patients admitted via the cardiology Emergency Department (ED) across 3 large volume urban hospitals in Athens and 2 regional/rural hospitals from 3rd February 2020 and up to 12th April was recorded. Data from the equivalent (for COVID-19 outbreak) time period of 2019 and from the post lockdown time period were also collected. Results A falling trend of cardiology ED visits and hospital admissions starting from the week that the restrictive measures due to COVID-19 were implemented was observed. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 outbreak time period, ACS [145 (29/week) vs. 60 (12/week), -59%, p<.001], STEMI [46 (9.2/week) vs. 21 (4.2/week), -54%, p=.002] and NSTE-ACS [99 cases (19.8/week) vs. 39 (7.8/week), -60% p<.001] were reduced at the COVID-19 outbreak time period. Reductions were also noted for heart failure worsening and arrhythmias. The ED visits in the post-lockdown period were significantly higher compared to the COVID-19 outbreak time period (1,511 vs 660; p<0.05). Conclusion Our data show significant drops in cardiology visits and admissions during the COVID-19 outbreak. Whether this results from restrictive measures or depicts a true reduction of cardiac disease cases warrants further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32949881/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.007 id: cord-284298-tcied4l5 author: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 words: 6816.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt summary: In the present study, twenty one early career psychiatrists (9 females and 12 males) from thirteen countries, comprising at least one from five of the seven continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f America and South America) were approached without coercion by the lead (MIO) and co-lead (RdF) authors via WhatsApp and emails to share insights and experiences about the challenges and good practices faced in the management of delirium and other psychiatric conditions manifesting in patients with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era. Finally, the mental health sector should use the lessons from this pandemic to develop protocols and guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions in periods of infectious disease outbreaks to increase their level of preparedness globally (Table 4) . abstract: BACKGROUND: With the uncertainties of COVID-19, people infected by coronavirus present with diverse psychiatric presentations. Some centers have had to manage their patients with existing protocols, others have had to come up with innovations. We aim to report the challenges and good practices recorded in the management of psychiatric conditions and delirium coexisting with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era across continents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from across five continents were approached to provide their perspective on the management of psychiatric conditions in patients with COVID-19 and during the current pandemic. RESULTS: We collected information about the experiences from ten countries. Commonalities were similar psychiatric presentations and poor preparedness across countries. Differences were varying innovations and adjustments made in the management of psychiatric conditions coexisting with COVID-19. Good practices which can be adopted by other countries are novel approaches such as telepsychiatry, proactive consultation-liaison units and enhanced community services targeted at circumventing challenges faced yet providing mental health services. CONCLUSIONS: This publication highlights the need for global preparedness in the mental health sector during outbreaks of infectious diseases. With our results we can conclude that there is the need for concerted efforts targeted at global and locally sensitive adaptation of existing protocols and the development of new guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions for the present pandemic and subsequent occurrences. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 id: cord-349682-kpg0vley author: Ojha, Probir Kumar title: Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices—where we are, where we are heading to date: 2020-09-02 words: 7923.0 sentences: 416.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349682-kpg0vley.txt summary: For example, the broad-spectrum antiviral drug Arbidol recently entered the clinical trial for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 which may act by inhibiting virus-host cell fusion, thus preventing the viral entry into host cells against influenza virus [37] [38] [39] . Smith and Smith [22] analyzed 8000 small drug molecules and natural products (SWEETLEAD library database) employing restrained temperature replica-exchange MD simulations combining virtual screening through the ensemble docking to identify the effective drug for COVID-19 which might stop the virus by two ways: (a) disrupting S protein and ACE2 receptor interface stability; or (b) by troubling the capability of the S protein to recognize Table 2 Pharmacological safety data of selected potential drug candidates [11, 12, 14, 34, 38, 39, 43-45, 57-59, 64, 69, 70, 89] Drug Dose Drug-drug interaction Toxicity Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen) [11, 12, 14, 43, 89] This is a genetically engineered vaccine candidate with the replicationdefective adenovirus type 5 as the vector to express SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. abstract: ABSTRACT: After the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic caused by the H1N1 virus, the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought us to the time of serious global health catastrophe. Although no proven therapies are identified yet which can offer a definitive treatment of the COVID-19, a series of antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, immunosuppressant drugs have shown clinical benefits based on repurposing theory. However, these studies are made on small number of patients, and, in majority of the cases, have been carried out as nonrandomized trials. As society is running against the time to combat the COVID-19, we present here a comprehensive review dealing with up-to-date information of therapeutics or drug regimens being utilized by physicians to treat COVID-19 patients along with in-depth discussion of mechanism of action of these drugs and their targets. Ongoing vaccine trials, monoclonal antibodies therapy and convalescent plasma treatment are also discussed. Keeping in mind that computational approaches can offer a significant insight to repurposing based drug discovery, an exhaustive discussion of computational modeling studies is performed which can assist target-specific drug discovery. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880078/ doi: 10.1007/s11030-020-10134-x id: cord-304219-tmlatghe author: Ojha, Rashi title: Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date: 2020-06-03 words: 1502.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the expeditious adoption of telemedicine, telepsychiatry and digital health interventions, but there are existing barriers to continue the utilization of these services. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for the devastation of hundreds of thousands of lives directly and has caused disruptions globally. Vulnerable populations, specifically those suffering from serious mental illness and homelessness, are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection resulting in medical complications and psychiatric destabilization. In addition, mental health has become increasingly relevant throughout the country given the psychological distress people have been facing due to the spread of COVID-19 and the toll of a more restricted way of living. Although the healthcare industry has quickly integrated novel ways of treating patients with mental illness with technological advances, these technologies are not applicable to different populations equally. There is a clear disparity that is represented within the public county health systems, which leads to a widening gap between those who receive adequate treatment for mental illness and those who do not. AIMS: The aims of this paper were to provide a commentary on the benefits of technology-based psychiatric and psychological interventions based off experience in a public health system and based off a relevant, thorough literature review. In addition, we aim to highlight the importance of accessibility of these interventions for vulnerable populations and provide recommendations for integrating these services expeditiously. METHODS: Literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. Within a public county health system, there are barriers with providing mental healthcare to vulnerable populations. These barriers, which are applicable throughout the United States, serve as a rationale for the need of innovative solutions for the integration of these services in not only emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in daily non-emergent operations to sufficiently address the needs for those needing mental healthcare. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782920300853?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100330 id: cord-299599-y18iv3zq author: Ojinnaka, Chinedum O. title: Factors Associated with COVID-Related Mortality: the Case of Texas date: 2020-11-09 words: 3248.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299599-y18iv3zq.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between county-level race/ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality in the state of Texas and determine whether county-level health factors, healthcare access measures, and other demographic characteristics explain this relationship. This paper uses county-level COVID-19 fatality data to (1) explore the relationship between county-level race/ethnic composition and COVID-19 fatality in the state of Texas and (2) determine whether county-level health factors, healthcare access measures, and other demographic characteristics explain this relationship. These findings align with other racial/ ethnic reports on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality that suggest minorities, including African Americans, Hispanics, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander populations bear a disproportionate burden of disease [13] . First, our analysis is at the county-level, using county-level aggregates of health factors (% adults with diabetes, % adults with obesity, % smokers), healthcare access (%uninsured, primary care physician rates), and other county-level demographic characteristics (% racial/ethnic composition American, % rural, % unemployed, high school graduate rate, % unemployed). abstract: BACKGROUND: Texas ranks 2nd in the count of COVID cases. Pre-existing disparities in healthcare may be intersecting with COVID-19 outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between county-level race/ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality in the state of Texas and determine whether county-level health factors, healthcare access measures, and other demographic characteristics explain this relationship. METHODS: This retrospective study uses county-level case and fatality data obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services and merged with the 2020 Robert Wood Johnson foundation (RWJF) county health rankings data. The outcome variables were fatalities per 100,000 population. A two-part/hurdle model examined (1) the probability of having a COVID-19 fatality and (2) fatalities per 100,000 population in counties with 1+ fatalities. For both parts of the hurdle model, we examined the impacts of racial and ethnic composition, adjusting for county characteristics and health factors. RESULTS: The odds of having a COVID-19 fatality decreased with a unit increase in the rate of primary care physicians in a county (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89, 0.99). In the second part of the model, there was a statistically significant increase in COVID-19 fatalities/100,000 population with every 1 % increase in the proportion of Hispanics (β = 5.41; p = 0.03) and African Americans (β = 5.08; p value = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Counties with higher rates of minorities, specifically Hispanics and African Americans, have a higher COVID-19 fatality burden. Targeted interventions are needed to raise awareness of preventive measures in these communities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169310/ doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00913-5 id: cord-331601-3w4c40qr author: Ojong, Nathanael title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date: 2020-06-17 words: 8028.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt summary: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in December 2019 [1] , and on 31 December 2019, China informed the World Health Organisation (WHO) of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, a city of 11 million inhabitants [2] . That said, the goal of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that have contributed to weakening Cameroon''s health sector over the years and to shed light on socio-economic and political factors that are currently restricting an effective response to the pandemic in the country. An independent local news agency in the country reported that some public health institutions in Douala required COVID-19 patients to cover their health care costs. Using Cameroon as a case study, I have examined the economic, political, and social forces that negatively affect the fight against COVID-19, and argue that the country''s weak health care system makes it challenging to tackle the disease there as well as in other countries. abstract: This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country’s health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates “technical” solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020176 doi: 10.3390/healthcare8020176 id: cord-293073-fu45h109 author: Okano, Hideyuki title: Steps towards COVID-19 suppression date: 2020-06-22 words: 626.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293073-fu45h109.txt summary: In this theoretical series reviews, although it is not possible to cover all of the subjects mentioned above, we entitled this "COVID-19: its pathogenetic mechanisms and potential therapeutics" and invited leading researchers on COVID-19-related studies from the perspective of inflammation research and regenerative medicine and translational research, which are this journals'' specialties, in addition to the basic properties and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 as follows: Potential therapeutics for COVID-19 ➢ Dr. Terai and colleagues reviewed on therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases [5] . • Molecular biology and virology of SARS-CoV-2 • Clinical trials for COVID-19-related disorders Here, we would like to express sincere gratitude to the distinguished researchers who contributed to this theoretical series reviews and sincerely hope that these review articles will provide novel insights for the suppression of COVID-19 as well as to the researchers in the broad field of inflammation and regeneration. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582400/ doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00120-z id: cord-347109-vgubi2k8 author: Okoi, Obasesam title: How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-10 words: 2323.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt summary: Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene facilities and clean water services. Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene facilities and clean water services. Our analysis reveals the challenging context of mitigating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, given the disparities in health and the socioeconomic conditions in which they arise. Health disparities in Nigeria affect the distribution of water and hygiene services among poor populations, which can lead to a disproportionate impact on public health outcomes during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19. The disparity in handwashing facility coverage across sub-Saharan Africa paints a disturbing picture of health inequality that reveals the vulnerability of the poor to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has infected millions of people across the world, caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, and collapsed national economies. Recognizing the importance of handwashing in preventing the spread of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about the condition of millions of Africans who lack access to hygiene facilities and clean water services. This paper compiles evidence from the WHO-UNICEF data to show the health disparities that limit the capacity of African countries to effectively address the COVID-19 disease along with recommendations for addressing the challenge. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105067 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105067 id: cord-298725-da71febn author: Okuhama, Ayako title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan date: 2020-11-17 words: 1433.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298725-da71febn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298725-da71febn.txt summary: title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Hemodialysis Effluent of Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia, Japan We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease and prolonged inflammation. We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease and prolonged inflammation. Reports have been published on COVID-19 among patients receiving hemodialysis (2), but none have evaluated whether HD effluent is infectious. We report detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and prolonged inflammation. PCR results showed SARS-CoV-2 RNA of 157.9 copies/μL with cycle threshold (C t ) values of 38.3 at 1 hour after starting hemodialysis but were negative on effluent collected at 2 hours. In conclusion, we report positive qRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from hemodialysis effluent in a patient receiving renal dialysis. abstract: We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in hemodialysis effluent from a patient in Japan with coronavirus disease and prolonged inflammation. Healthcare workers should observe strict standard and contact precautions and use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling hemodialysis circuitry from patients with diagnosed coronavirus disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730734/ doi: 10.3201/eid2611.201956 id: cord-324642-uk4ir8po author: Okuhara, Tsuyoshi title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan date: 2020-08-21 words: 3461.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324642-uk4ir8po.txt summary: title: Examining persuasive message type to encourage staying at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown: A randomized controlled study in Japan RESULTS: Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants'' intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004). Such articles convey messages from governors, public health experts, physicians, COVID-19 patients, and residents of outbreak areas, encouraging people to stay at home. In areas with high numbers of infected people, the message from a physician, which conveyed the crisis of hospitals being overwhelmed and the consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment, increased the intention to stay at home to a greater extent than other messages from a governor, a public health expert, a patient with COVID-19, and a resident of an outbreak area. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behavioral change is the only prevention against the COVID-19 pandemic until vaccines become available. This is the first study to examine the most persuasive message type in terms of narrator difference in encouraging people to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic and social lockdown. METHODS: Participants (n = 1,980) were randomly assigned to five intervention messages (from a governor, a public health expert, a physician, a patient, and a resident of an outbreak area) and a control message. Intention to stay at home before and after reading messages was assessed. A one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Games–Howell test was conducted. RESULTS: Compared with other messages, the message from a physician significantly increased participants’ intention to stay at home in areas with high numbers of people infected (versus a governor, p = .002; an expert, p = .023; a resident, p = .004). CONCLUSION: The message from a physician―which conveyed the crisis of overwhelmed hospitals and consequent risk of people being unable to receive treatment―increased the intent to stay at home the most. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Health professionals and media operatives may be able to encourage people to stay at home by disseminating the physicians’ messages through media and the internet. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.016 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.016 id: cord-353515-92qqucyl author: Okura, Hiroyuki title: Update of Takotsubo Syndrome in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 words: 3937.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353515-92qqucyl.txt summary: Since the initial reports from Japan [1] [2] [3] [4] , takotsubo cardiomyopathy or takotsubo syndrome (TTS) has become globally recognized as a unique syndrome mimicking acute coronary syndrome triggered by emotional or physical stress [5] . Although left ventriculography was originally used to detect its unique morphology mimicking "takotsubo", echocardiography is currently an essential imaging modality to detect segmental as well as global wall motion abnormalities in patients with TTS. In addition, a study using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of right ventricular involvement in 81 of 239 (34%) TTS patients [35] . First, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) may develop in TTS patients with apical ballooning and a hyperkinetic basal wall motion (Fig. 6) . Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: a novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction Biventricular takotsubo cardiomyopathy with asymmetrical wall motion abnormality between left and right ventricle: a report of new case and literature review abstract: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or takotsubo syndrome (TTS) has become a well-known disease not only in Japan but also in the rest of the world. Early reports suggested that TTS is a self-limiting disease with better prognosis than acute coronary syndrome. However, recent data showed that TTS is not a benign disease as compared with acute coronary syndrome. In addition to the apical ballooning, several other types of wall motion abnormalities have been classified as variants of TTS. In particular, right ventricular involvement, or biventricular TTS, is not uncommon and is associated with poor in-hospital as well as long-term outcomes. With respect to the pathophysiology, modulation (desensitization) of the beta-adrenergic receptor is suspected as a possible mechanism for transiently depressed myocardial contraction. Although specific treatments to improve prognosis of TTS are still uncertain, observational data suggest favorable impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Finally, in the era of COVID-19, we should pay attention to a variety of cardiovascular conditions related to COVID-19. TTS is one of these conditions that can be triggered by both emotional and physical impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0914508720303312?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.004 id: cord-300777-6u6nqv2f author: Oladeru, Oluwadamilola T. title: A call to protect patients, correctional staff and healthcare professionals in jails and prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-02 words: 1375.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300777-6u6nqv2f.txt summary: This editorial describes why surge planning in the community must account for potential infection outbreaks in jails and prisons, and why incarcerated people and those in contact with them, including over 450,000 correctional officers and thousands of healthcare staff working in prisons, are at significant risk of COVID-19 exposure. We then explain how our nation''s jails and prisons will continue to serve as breeding grounds for devastating COVID-19 outcomes and offer specific guidance and a call to action for the immediate development of correctional healthcare strategies designed to protect the health and safety of patients and correctional and healthcare staff and the communities in which they are situated. We have witnessed the beginnings of such devastation in prison and jail facilities across the U.S. One recent example is Marion County Correctional Institution which has reported that approximately three-quarters of its total incarcerated population (more than 2000 individuals) has tested positive for COVID-19 (Chappell & Pfleger, 2020) . abstract: This editorial describes why surge planning in the community must account for potential infection outbreaks in jails and prisons, and why incarcerated people and those in contact with them, including over 450,000 correctional officers and thousands of healthcare staff working in prisons, are at significant risk of COVID-19 exposure. We then explain how our nation’s jails and prisons will continue to serve as breeding grounds for devastating COVID-19 outcomes and offer specific guidance and a call to action for the immediate development of correctional healthcare strategies designed to protect the health and safety of patients and correctional and healthcare staff and the communities in which they are situated. Correctional officers and correctional healthcare professionals need the nation’s reassurance during this dire time that they will not be abandoned and further stigmatized for responding to the needs of incarcerated people. Our collective health depends on it. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617825/ doi: 10.1186/s40352-020-00119-1 id: cord-355383-cqd2pa8c author: Olagoke, Ayokunle A. title: Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression date: 2020-05-16 words: 2844.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355383-cqd2pa8c.txt summary: In an attempt to stimulate public response, threat perception, and persuade people to comply with the preventive policies and regulations, the mainstream media rely on producing news contents that will increase the perceived self-efficacy to protect, vulnerability to the disease, and severity of the pandemic outbreaks (Bish & Michie, 2010; Park, Boatwright, & Avery, 2019; Pieri, 2019) . The objective of this study was to examine the association between exposure to COVID-19-related news on mainstream media, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Participants reported exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media as 2.73 AE 0.91, depressive symptoms (1.92 AE 0.93), perceived severity (3.73 AE 1.19), perceived vulnerability (3.67 AE 1.07) and, self-efficacy (4.01 AE 0.67). Standardized mediation tests showed perceived vulnerability as mediating 34.4% (bias-corrected 95% CI = 7.79-149.35) of the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media and depressive symptoms (Figure 1 ) with an indirect effect of b = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06. In this study of 501 participants, perceived vulnerability mediated the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 news on the mainstream media and depressive symptoms. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Cross‐sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were ≥18 years. Exposure to COVID‐19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. RESULTS: Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 ± 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio‐economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms β = .11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02–0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (β = .04; 95%CI = 0.01–0.06). CONCLUSION: Perceived vulnerability to COVID‐19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID‐19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media–health partnership, practice, and research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415914/ doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12427 id: cord-285521-lvzdmtun author: Olagundoye, Olawunmi title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician’s perspective date: 2020-08-11 words: 1648.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285521-lvzdmtun.txt summary: title: Recommendations for a national Coronavirus disease 2019 response guideline for the care of older persons in Nigeria during and post-pandemic: A family physician''s perspective Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; the elderly; prevention; national health policy; older persons. 6. Inclusion of the older persons/senior citizens amongst the selected population groups that deserve specific guidelines on the NCDC website addressing their peculiar needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We must revise our practices around the care of older persons during this pandemic, both clinically and socially, to ensure that our most vulnerable populations are protected. abstract: The older persons in our society are a special group of people in need of additional measures of care and protection. They have medical, financial, emotional and social needs. The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only exacerbates those needs. COVID-19 is a new disease, and there is limited information regarding the disease. Based on currently available information, older persons and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Family physicians provide care for individuals across their lifespan. Because geriatricians are internists or family physicians with post-residency training in geriatric medicine, they are major stakeholders in geriatric care. The authors are concerned about the absence of a COVID-19 response guideline/special advisory targeting the vulnerable population of older adults. The management and response to COVID-19 will be implemented in part based on the local context of available resources. Nigeria has been described as a resource-constrained nation. Infection prevention in older persons in Nigeria will far outweigh the possibilities of treatment given limited resources. The aim was to recommend actionable strategies to prevent COVID-19-related morbidity or mortality among older persons in Nigeria and to promote their overall well-being during and after the pandemic. These recommendations cut across the geriatric medicine domains of physical health, mental health, functioning ability and socio-environmental situation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787399/ doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2512 id: cord-351719-xqmir1ca author: Olaimat, Amin N. title: Food Safety During and After the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-04 words: 3906.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351719-xqmir1ca.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is the clinical syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection which is characterized by a respiratory disease with symptoms ranging from mild influenza (flu-like) to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Petrosillo et al., 2020) . A previous study reported that food products were a plausible transmission route for respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-1 and influenza (Klein, 2004) . The proper use of gloves, sanitizers, and disinfectants can minimize the risk of virus spread and disease transmission (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] and World Health Organization [WHO], 2020; Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2020a). The current guidelines issued by public health authorities are based on the disease patterns of previously encountered coronaviruses and they need to be updated according to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 as this virus is likely to persist and people will have to modify their "normal behavior" to a "new normal." abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 due to its rapid and extensive spread among many countries through its very contagious nature and its high mortality among the elderly and infirm. Recently, data on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 on contact surfaces has been reported, but there is none on the survival of COVID-19 on food surfaces and packages. The potential survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on/via food and packages are discussed based on data available for other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, studies are needed to explore its transmission via food and survival on food packaging materials. The implementation of food safety management systems such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are important to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. Cleaning, sanitation, good hygienic practices, and active packaging are also needed from farm to fork. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849446/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01854 id: cord-256862-038rrdtp author: Oland, Gabriel title: Prospective Clinical Validation of 3D Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 words: 2003.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256862-038rrdtp.txt summary: 70 adult patients (37 COVID-positive and 33 COVID-negative) underwent consecutive diagnostic RT-PCR testing, with a flocked swab followed by one or two 3D printed swabs. The decision to use 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be strongly considered by clinical and research laboratories. In the span of days-to-weeks, numerous 3D printing companies went through an iterative design process (6, 7) to meet the requirements of the NP swab: 1) to collect an adequate patient specimen from the nasopharyngeal mucosa, and 2) to elute the sample into a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay without affecting the quality of results. A minimum sample size of 30 COVID-positive and 30 COVID-negative patients for each NP swab type was chosen based on the FDA''s recommendation for clinical evaluation of new diagnostics eligible for emergency use authorization (EUA). abstract: COVID-19 greatly disrupted the global supply chain of nasopharyngeal swabs, and thus new products have come to market with little data to support their use. In this prospective study, two new 3D printed nasopharyngeal swab designs were evaluated against the standard, flocked nasopharyngeal swab for the diagnosis of COVID-19. 70 adult patients (37 COVID-positive and 33 COVID-negative) underwent consecutive diagnostic RT-PCR testing, with a flocked swab followed by one or two 3D printed swabs. The “Lattice Swab” (manufacturer Resolution Medical) demonstrated 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 77.9-99.2%) and 96.8% specificity (83.3-99.9%), yielding κ = 0.90 (0.85-0.96). The “Origin KXG” (manufacturer Origin Laboratories) demonstrated 83.9% sensitivity (66.3-94.6%) and 100% specificity (88.8-100.0%), yielding κ = 0.84 (0.77-0.91). Both 3D printed nasopharyngeal swab results have high concordance with the control swab results. The decision to use 3D printed nasopharyngeal swabs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be strongly considered by clinical and research laboratories. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0732889320306349?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115257 id: cord-328321-7e37hhia author: Olapoju, Olabisi Michael title: Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics date: 2020-07-28 words: 2919.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328321-7e37hhia.txt summary: METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of the nature and role of transport in the importation, traffic and spread of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 in Nigeria. On the contrary, air transport plays the most significant role in the importation of COVID-19 in Nigeria as is the case with virtually all the countries that are affected by the epidemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The focus of the study is to assess the role of different transport means in the importation and diffusion of 1918-19 influenza and a novel 2019 corona virus designated as COVID-19 in Nigeria. METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes that increasing preference for the transport at a given epoch is significant to the diffusion of prevailing epidemic in the epoch. url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020501 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020501 id: cord-304838-r9w8milu author: Olaseni, Abayomi O. title: Psychological distress experiences of Nigerians during Covid-19 pandemic; the gender difference date: 2020-12-31 words: 4986.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304838-r9w8milu.txt summary: From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. However, prevalence estimates analysis revealed that majority of the male respondents (65.1%) had no clinical insomnia, 20.8% of the male participants reported sub-threshold level of insomnia, 8.2% of the respondents had moderate insomnia symptoms, while 5.9% of the male respondents presented severe clinical insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though this study recorded no significant difference between the gender (male and female) experiences of insomnia, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms and anxiety, the study result reported a relevant prevalence of outcomes of psychological distress among the general public in Nigeria. abstract: This study examine the psychological distress experience of Nigerians during the COVID-19 pandemic, across gender. From March 20, 2020, to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerians with an online semi-structured questionnaire detailing the impact of Event Scale-Revised, Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 item scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Gender had an insignificant difference in the level of insomnia (χ2 ​= ​04.93; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05), however, 20.8% of males had sub-threshold of insomnia, 8.2% experienced moderate insomnia and 5.9% had severe insomnia; 32% females reported sub-threshold of insomnia, 12.4% had moderate insomnia while 3.6% had severe insomnia. Also, gender had an insignificant difference in the measures of depression (χ2 ​= ​01.94; df ​= ​4; p ​> ​0.05); 55.4% males reported minimal depression, 22.3% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression; 6.7%–3.7% males had moderate to severe depression while, 49.3% of the females had minimal depression, 26.7% reported mild depression, 14.29% had moderate depression, 4.4%–5.3% had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) has no gender difference among respondents (χ2 ​= ​02.51; df ​= ​3; p ​> ​0.05); 23% of males reported partial PTSS, 17.5% presented clinical PTSS, and 21.6% males had severe PTSS; while 29.3% of females had severe PTSS, 24% reported partial PTSS and 18.7% had clinical PTSS. Respondents reported insignificant gender differences on anxiety (χ2 ​= ​0.08; df ​= ​1; p ​> ​0.05), while 51% reported moderate anxiety and 49% exhibited severe anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Nigerians experienced psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. The government and stakeholders should initiate tele-mental health services to serve as alternative to traditional treatment to manage present and future pandemic psychological implications among Nigerians. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300413 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100052 id: cord-331075-27ndnqzv author: Oleribe, Obinna O title: COVID-19 Experience: Taking the Right Steps at the Right Time to Prevent Avoidable Morbidity and Mortality in Nigeria and Other Nations of the World date: 2020-08-04 words: 2066.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331075-27ndnqzv.txt summary: 1 Since first being detected Wuhan, China in December 2019, the disease has rapidly escalated to over 210 countries, leading WHO to declare the outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" on 30 January 2020 and eventually a pandemic within 6 weeks. Hospitals were assessed and activated as isolation and treatment centers, laboratories were equipped to test for the virus using PCR technology and staff were trained to manage cases, test patients, track contacts, and document findings. Regions, states, corporate organizations and individuals can fund the establishment of laboratories, procurement of test kits, training of healthcare workers, engagement of volunteers and even establishment of isolation and quarantine centers. DIT centers will decentralize testing, isolate and manage cases, as well as relieve the burden on hospital facilities across the nations of the world. abstract: The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic has caused countless governmental and societal challenges around the world. Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, has been exposed in recent years to a series of epidemics including Ebola and Lassa fever. In this paper, we document our perception of the national response to COVID-19 in Nigeria. The response to the pandemic is with a healthcare system that has changed as a result of previous infectious disease outbreaks but in the context of scarce resources typical of many low-middle income countries. We make recommendations regarding what measures should be in place for future epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s261256 doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s261256 id: cord-274562-0mtwbwkk author: Olesen, Bente title: Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 words: 609.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274562-0mtwbwkk.txt summary: title: Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic We have worked hard at NOH hard to prepare for the pandemic building COVID-19 cohort isolation wards using existing wards, creating new workflows, tripling the available number of intensive care beds, and initiating intensive education of literally all groups of staff. We pride ourselves to be used to a high standard regarding hand hygiene [2] , we are well familiar with the occasional seasonal occurrence of influenza, norovirus, CDIFF and VRE [3] ; However, COVID19 is a new virus and reports of deaths among healthcare staff from Italy, China and Spain are scary reading, especially for front line healthcare personal. Recently the mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak including various remedial actions was reported [4, 5] . Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670120302085?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.033 id: cord-261383-izd1vn6f author: Oleynick, Christopher title: Symptoms of Pleurisy as the Initial Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 words: 2028.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261383-izd1vn6f.txt summary: Patient: Male, 48-year-old Final Diagnosis: Viral pleurisy Symptoms: Pleuritic chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 8 million people worldwide and placed massive strains on healthcare systems around the world. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Emergency Department with acute-onset pleuritic chest pain that had developed 1 day earlier and was found to be hypoxemic, requiring supplemental oxygen. CONCLUSIONS: I report a patient who experienced pleuritic chest pain from viral pleurisy that was the initial manifestation of COVID-19 which, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been reported in the literature. I report a patient who experienced pleuritic chest pain as the initial manifestation of infection with COVID-19, who subsequently developed more typical features, including cough, fever, shortness of breath, and hypoxia. abstract: Patient: Male, 48-year-old Final Diagnosis: Viral pleurisy Symptoms: Pleuritic chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 8 million people worldwide and placed massive strains on healthcare systems around the world. Although classically causing cough, fever, and shortness of breath, increasing evidence suggests that manifestations of COVID-19 can be more subtle or masquerade as other clinical entities. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Emergency Department with acute-onset pleuritic chest pain that had developed 1 day earlier and was found to be hypoxemic, requiring supplemental oxygen. He was admitted under the internal medicine service and underwent an extensive work-up for his chest pain and hypoxemia, including a negative computed tomography scan with pulmonary embolism protocol, negative nuclear medicine ventilation/perfusion scan, normal electrocardiogram, and normal echocardiography. In the end, he was diagnosed with viral pleuritis as the diagnosis of exclusion. Our patient subsequently developed a fever and shortness of breath and his nasopharyngeal swab performed on admission to hospital returned positive for COVID-19. The patient’s pleuritic pain and oxygen requirements improved with supportive management over the next several days. CONCLUSIONS: I report a patient who experienced pleuritic chest pain from viral pleurisy that was the initial manifestation of COVID-19 which, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been reported in the literature. This case report further emphasizes that COVID-19 may present with atypical symptoms. It is crucial to be aware of these atypical presentations of COVID-19 so that patients are appropriately identified, isolated, and treated, while protecting health care workers from exposure. url: https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.925775 doi: 10.12659/ajcr.925775 id: cord-338754-xdid58vn author: Olisova, O. Yu title: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child date: 2020-05-30 words: 571.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338754-xdid58vn.txt summary: Yu; Anpilogova, E.M.; Shnakhova, L.M. title: Cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19: a skin rash in a child Dr Recalcati made the first report on cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19 nearly a month ago 4 , and since then, several authors have also noticed COVID-19-associated skin rash in adults [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . However, the data on COVID-19-associated skin disorders in children are scarce. On the second day of fever the PCR COVID-19 test was positive. On the third day of illness the fever dramatically ceased and the skin rash appeared. Along with fever and fatigue, these eruptions may be considered as the only clinical manifestation of these particular COVID-19 infections in children. Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: Lessons learned from current evidence Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: the experiences of Barcelona and Rome Acute urticaria with pyrexia as the first manifestations of a COVID-19 infection abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13712 doi: 10.1111/dth.13712 id: cord-328548-5kjq9xqs author: Oliveira J. e Silva, Lucas title: Flexibilization of Science, Cognitive Biases, and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 1463.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328548-5kjq9xqs.txt summary: A subsequent high-profile paper associating the use of hydroxychloroquine with increased mortality in the treatment of COVID-19 had to be retracted 2 after scientists pointed out issues such as mismatched mortality rates when compared to Australian official reports, no release of the dataset for independent analysis, and lack of thorough ethical review. The term "flexibilization" here refers to a loosening of methodological standards and the development of low-quality studies, leading to the creation of unreliable data and, later in the cycle, of anecdotal evidence. Within this context, science and clinical research have been creating rigorous methodological standards in order to produce high-quality studies that allow us to have greater confidence in the evidence while mitigating unnecessary damage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the early adoption of new interventions by clinicians and policy makers based on promising but often low-quality data is creating a scenario from which anecdotal evidence may emerge. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.037 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.037 id: cord-270519-orh8fd1c author: Oliveira, A. C. S. d. title: Bayesian modeling of COVID-19 cases with a correction to account for under-reported cases date: 2020-05-25 words: 4263.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270519-orh8fd1c.txt summary: To address these issues, we introduce a Bayesian approach to the SIR model with correction for under-reporting in the analysis of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. The proposed model was enforced to obtain estimates of important quantities such as the reproductive rate and the average infection period, along with the more likely date when the pandemic peak may occur. Focusing on the modeling and estimating, aiming to preview the behavior and the speed of the COVID-19 growth, this paper presents an approach to address the problem of under-registration of COVID-19 cases in Brazil, proposing methodologies to work on the inaccuracy of the official reported cases. The model was estimated considering COVID-19 data in Brazil, assuming a reporting rate between 0.05 and 1.00, varying every 0.05. The simulation study revealed that the parameters estimates from the SIR model and the peak estimate which is a concern of several researchers and health authorities are sensitive to reporting rates. abstract: The novel of COVID-19 disease started in late 2019 making the worldwide governments came across a high number of critical and death cases, beyond constant fear of the collapse in their health systems. Since the beginning of the pandemic, researchers and authorities are mainly concerned with carrying out quantitative studies (modeling and predictions) overcoming the scarcity of tests that lead us to under- reporting cases. To address these issues, we introduce a Bayesian approach to the SIR model with correction for under-reporting in the analysis of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. The proposed model was enforced to obtain estimates of important quantities such as the reproductive rate and the average infection period, along with the more likely date when the pandemic peak may occur. Several under-reporting scenarios were considered in the simulation study, showing how impacting is the lack of information in the modeling. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20112029v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112029 id: cord-321472-n4nnmlv1 author: Oliveira, E. title: ICU Outcomes and Survival in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in the Largest Health Care System in Central Florida date: 2020-08-31 words: 4015.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321472-n4nnmlv1.txt summary: Background Observational studies have consistently described poor clinical outcomes and increased ICU mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU in the largest health care system in the state of Florida, United States. Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important improvement in mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 who required ICU admission and MV in comparison to previous observational reports and emphasize the importance of standard of care measures in the management of COVID-19. Our observational study is so far the first and largest in the state of Florida to describe the demographics, baseline characteristics, medical management and clinical outcomes observed in patients with CARDS admitted to ICU in a multihospital health care system. Clinical outcomes available at the study end point are presented, including invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU care, renal replacement therapy, and hospital length of stay. abstract: Background Observational studies have consistently described poor clinical outcomes and increased ICU mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our study describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU in the largest health care system in the state of Florida, United States. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to ICU due to severe COVID-19 in AdventHealth health system in Orlando, Florida from March 11th until May 18th, 2020. Patients were characterized based on demographics, baseline comorbidities, severity of illness, medical management including experimental therapies, laboratory markers and ventilator parameters. Major clinical outcomes analyzed at the end of the study period were: hospital and ICU length of stay, MV-related mortality and overall hospital mortality of ICU patients. Results Out of total of 1283 patients with COVID-19, 131 (10.2%) met criteria for ICU admission (median age: 61 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 49.5-71.5]; 35.1% female). Common comorbidities were hypertension (84; 64.1%), and diabetes (54; 41.2%). Of the 131 ICU patients, 109 (83.2%) required MV and 9 (6.9%) received ECMO. Lower positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were observed in survivors [9.2 (7.7-10.4)] vs non-survivors [10 (9.1-12.9] p= 0.004]. Compared to non-survivors, survivors had a longer MV length of stay (LOS) [14 (IQR 8-22) vs 8.5 (IQR 5-10.8) p< 0.001], Hospital LOS [21 (IQR 13-31) vs 10 (7-1) p< 0.001] and ICU LOS [14 (IQR 7-24) vs 9.5 (IQR 6-11), p < 0.001]. The overall hospital mortality and MV-related mortality were 19.8% and 23.8% respectively. After exclusion of hospitalized patients, the hospital and MV-related mortality rates were 21.6% and 26.5% respectively. Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important improvement in mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 who required ICU admission and MV in comparison to previous observational reports and emphasize the importance of standard of care measures in the management of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.25.20181909v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181909 id: cord-305542-zyxqcfa3 author: Oliver, Nuria title: Mobile phone data for informing public health actions across the COVID-19 pandemic life cycle date: 2020-06-05 words: 4488.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305542-zyxqcfa3.txt summary: In the following sections, we outline the ways in which different types of mobile phone data can help to better target and design measures to contain and slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government and public health authorities broadly raise questions in at least four critical areas of inquiries for which the use of mobile phone data is relevant. Furthermore, around the world, public opinion surveys, social media, and a broad range of civil society actors including consumer groups and human rights organizations have raised legitimate concerns around the ethics, potential loss of privacy, and long-term impact on civil liberties resulting from the use of individual mobile data to monitor COVID-19. Governments should be aware of the value of information and knowledge that can be derived from mobile phone data analysis, especially for monitoring the necessary measures to contain the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc0764 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0764 id: cord-282963-p04c5nn7 author: Oliveros, Estefania title: Rapid Deterioration of Hospital-Acquired COVID-19 in a Patient on Extracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Support date: 2020-09-21 words: 1063.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282963-p04c5nn7.txt summary: DESIGN: : We present a unique case report of hospital-acquired COVID-19 in a patient on temporary mechanical circulatory support. Emphasize the importance of early advanced care planning in patients with heart failure and COVID-19 3. Over the course of 2 hours the patient developed severe hypoxemia with oxygen saturations of 70%, followed by hypotension and low flows through the Centrimag®. While predictors of rapid disease progression have yet to be elucidated, early trends of inflammatory markers may be helpful to risk stratify COVID-19 patients and identify those who are likely to become critically ill (1). Presently broad testing of asymptomatic patients and HCW for COVID-19 is not available but may have impacted disease transmission in this case. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients. Clinical Pathology of Critical Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19). abstract: IMPORTANCE: : As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerates, our hospitals have become overwhelmed. OBJECTIVE: : To describe detection of COVID-19 in asymptomatic hospitalized individuals awaiting advanced therapies for HF and the management of complications of COVID-19. DESIGN: : We present a unique case report of hospital-acquired COVID-19 in a patient on temporary mechanical circulatory support. MAIN OUTCOME: : Despite intensive care and monitoring, he developed rapid progression of hypoxic respiratory failure which led to his death. CONCLUSION: : This case highlights various considerations for a patient with temporary MCS. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33010519/ doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.021 id: cord-338346-e3fk6gz2 author: Oliveros, Estefania title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Failure: A Multiparametric Approach date: 2020-08-14 words: 2482.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338346-e3fk6gz2.txt summary: 24 The Council on Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology has highlighted the lack of evidence supporting the harmful effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in the context of the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak. 25 The Council on Hypertension strongly recommends that physicians and patients should continue treatment with their usual antihypertensive therapy because there is no clinical or scientific evidence to suggest that treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs should be discontinued because of COVID-19 infection. American Heart Association statement said there were no experimental or clinical data demonstrating beneficial or adverse outcomes with background use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs or other RAAS antagonists among COVID-19 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease treated with such agents. Patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or who have had a heart transplant are a particularly challenging group to manage in the current pandemic. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a debilitating viral infection and, to date, 628,903 people have died from it, numbers that cannot yet be compared to the 50 million who died in the 1918 flu pandemic. As COVID-19 became better understood, cardiovascular manifestations associated with it were identified. This led to a complete healthcare restructuring with virtual clinics and changes to the triaging of critically ill patients. There are a lot of questions over how COVID-19 affects patients with heart failure (HF) as this condition is a leading cause of cardiovascular death. This review describes the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and new practices surrounding the use of telehealth to follow up and triage patients with HF. Current practices supported by medical societies, the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and, finally, a brief note regarding the management of advanced HF patients will also be discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2020.09 doi: 10.15420/cfr.2020.09 id: cord-323468-xn7anxj6 author: Olloquequi, Jordi title: COVID‐19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease date: 2020-08-11 words: 4155.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323468-xn7anxj6.txt summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death and disability globally, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway inflammation and/or alveolar abnormalities 10 . All rights reserved are associated to impaired lung function and risk of developing COPD 42-44 , it has also been demonstrated that people born with a diminished airway function are more likely to suffer COPD symptoms and subsequent viral infections [45] [46] [47] . In any case, there is no doubt that subjects who develop COPD are at an increased risk of suffering respiratory infections, a matter of importance in the context of COVID-19 pandemics. Increased cytokine response of rhinovirus-infected airway epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DPP4, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor, is Upregulated in Lungs of Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients abstract: In the middle of December 2019, Chinese health authorities detected a series of pneumonia cases caused by an unknown agent in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province. The causative agent was soon identified as a new strain of human‐infecting coronavirus(1), firstly named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) and later renamed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The infection disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), varied from asymptomatic or common cold‐like symptoms such as dry cough, fever and tiredness to severe dyspnea and respiratory failure(2). url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13382 doi: 10.1111/eci.13382 id: cord-261581-2pgac304 author: Olorunsaiye, Comfort Z. title: COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization Gap date: 2020-09-15 words: 1622.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261581-2pgac304.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261581-2pgac304.txt summary: We present an expanded model of the World Health Organization''s Global Routine Immunization Strategic Plan (GRISP) action areas as a tool to help countries quickly adapt to immunization challenges in the presence of COVID-19 and close the emerging immunization coverage gaps. The pandemic and the mitigation measures adopted to control it have negatively affected the provision and utilization of child immunization services in LMICs and highincome countries, and threaten to undo the gains made in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases for the past two decades. 10 The WHO and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative have issued guidelines for restarting vaccination campaigns and routine immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the expanded framework, we consolidated action areas from GRISP, WHO guidelines for immunization services and campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative guidelines. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to set back major successes that have been achieved in global vaccine initiatives. We conducted a rapid review and synthesis of the literature on immunization provision and Utilization since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 11 papers comprising peer-reviewed articles and key policies and guidelines, published between January 1 and June 15, 2020, were analyzed. Widespread disruptions of routine immunization and vaccination campaigns were reported leaving millions of children worldwide at risk of measles outbreaks. We present an expanded model of the World Health Organization’s Global Routine Immunization Strategic Plan (GRISP) action areas as a tool to help countries quickly adapt to immunization challenges in the presence of COVID-19 and close the emerging immunization coverage gaps. url: https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.401 doi: 10.21106/ijma.401 id: cord-328039-xt17gvcp author: Olson, Michael C. title: RadioGraphics Update: Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability in the Abdomen and Pelvis—Findings in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 1625.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328039-xt17gvcp.txt summary: Several recent studies have explored the link between COVID-19 and hypercoagulability, with early investigations suggesting that the most common laboratory test result abnormalities include elevated d-dimer levels and mild thrombocytopenia (2) . This cytokine cascade can ultimately yield extensive cell damage, necrosis, and injury to multiple organs (14, 19) and may partially explain the disparate multisystem symptoms in patients In a recent study, lungs obtained at autopsy in patients who died from COVID-19 demonstrated distinctive vascular features, including severe endothelial injury associated with intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes, as well as extensive thrombosis, microangiopathy, alveolar capillary microthrombi, and more new vessel growth or angiogenesis compared with those lungs obtained at autopsy from patients who died from influenza (17) . The results from the previously described studies indicate that in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, radiologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for thromboembolic complications. abstract: Editor’s Note.—Articles in the RadioGraphics Update section provide current knowledge to supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in RadioGraphics. Authors of the previously published article provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes. Articles in this section are published solely online and are linked to the original article. url: https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020200119 doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200119 id: cord-338972-uq2ha8xs author: Olson, Michael T. title: Resumption of elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what lessons can we apply? date: 2020-06-05 words: 1688.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338972-uq2ha8xs.txt summary: authors: Olson, Michael T.; Triantafyllou, Tania; Singhal, Saurabh Ensure quality and quantity assessment of local PPE availability, and closely follow PPE recommendations for COVID-19+ patients, patients under investigations, and non-COVID-19 patients Re-evaluate health care facility capacity, including resources (e.g., beds, ICUs, ventilators), and expansion strategies Operating rooms should take inventory of existing surgical and cleaning supplies before re-activating elective surgeries Ensure coordination among surgery, anesthesia, nursing, engineering, housekeeping, and other hospital staff or specialties involved in multidisciplinary care; assure adequate staff volume Assign a governance committee to clarify, interpret, and iterate policies, make real-time decisions, and initiate and communicate messaging Although leading surgical societies have guided surgeons in terms of appropriate surgical practice amid the ongoing viral pandemic, certain questions remain, particularly pertaining to the safety of performing minimally invasive surgery in the setting of COVID-19. It remains to be determined how these infection-control measures, albeit contributing to the safety of the patient and staff, impact surgical care when elective surgeries are again performed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837512/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-020-00645-0 id: cord-308165-pk8d48hs author: Olu, Olushayo Oluseun title: Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-28 words: 3711.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt summary: Given the weak health system in most African countries, mounting timely and robust responses to the COVID-19 pandemic will be a big challenge hence the need to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control interventions that could break the chain of transmission quickly. Putting the above scientific evidences on the characteristics and dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, prevention and control into perspective against the backdrop of the social, cultural and economic context in Africa, we deduce several lessons which could guide African countries to better prepare for and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic on the continent. African countries should learn from this experience and implement available guidance from WHO to ensure that essential health services are maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic particularly during lockdowns to reduce excess mortality from other preventable diseases [40] [41] [42] . abstract: The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 has spread rapidly to all countries of the world. Africa is particularly predisposed to an escalation of the pandemic and its negative impact given its weak economy and health systems. In addition, inadequate access to the social determinants of health such as water and sanitation and socio-cultural attributes may constrain the implementation of critical preventive measures such as hand washing and social distancing on the continent. Given these facts, the continent needs to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control strategies and interventions which could break the chain of transmission quickly. We conclude that the available body of scientific evidence on the coronavirus disease 2019 holds the key to the development of such strategies and interventions. Going forward, we recommend that the African research community should scale up research to provide scientific evidence for a better characterization of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, prevention and control of the virus on the continent. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00740-0 doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00740-0 id: cord-275152-8if8shva author: Olum, R. title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. date: 2020-05-05 words: 2485.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275152-8if8shva.txt summary: title: Social Media Platforms for Health Communication and Research in the Face of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Survey in Uganda. In this study, we explored the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students (MS) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Uganda. Majority of the medical students recognised television, radios and social media as the most useful tools for dissemination of information of COVID-19, Figure 2 . The purpose of the study was to assess the usage and perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media among medical students and healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. This is the first study in sub-Saharan Africa assessing social media usage and perceived usefulness of various media for health campaigns during COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, we have been able to show that social media can be robustly used to collect research data among medical students and health care professionals with high response rates. abstract: Objectives: (1) To examine the usage of social media and other forms of media among medical students (MS) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Uganda. (2) To assess the perceived usefulness of social media and other forms of media for COVID-19 public health campaigns. Design: A descriptive WhatsApp messenger-based cross-sectional survey in April 2020. Setting: Makerere University Teaching Hospitals (MUTH) and 9 of the 10 medical schools in Uganda. Participants: HCPs at MUTH and MS in the 9 medical schools in Uganda. Main outcome measures: We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, sources of information on COVID-19, preferences of social media platform and perceived usefulness of the different media platforms for acquisition of knowledge on COVID-19. Results: Overall, response rate was 21.5% for both MS and HCPs. In total, 877 (HCPS [136, 15.5%], MS [741, 85.5%]) were studied. Majority (n=555, 63.3%) were male with a median age of 24 (range: 18-66) years. Social media was a source of information for 665 (75.8%) participants. Usage was similar among MS and HCPs (565/741 (76.2%) vs. 100/136 (73.5%), p=0.5). Among the MS, commonly used social media were: WhatsApp (n=705, 95.1%) Facebook (n=405, 54.8%), Twitter (n=290, 39.1%), Instagram (n=178, 24.0) and Telegram (n=80, 10.8%). Except for WhatsApp, male MS we more likely to use the other social media platforms (p= <0.001 to 0.01). Mass media (television and radio) and social media were preferred the most useful tools for dissemination of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: More than two-thirds of MS and HCPs are routinely using social media in Uganda. Social media platforms may be used for dissemination of information as well as a research tool among MS and HCPs. Social media alongside other media platforms can also be used as sources of reliable information on COVID-19 as well as for dissemination of research findings and guidelines. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.20086553v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086553 id: cord-229942-vofuo2g1 author: Omae, Yuto title: Effectiveness of the COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA) based on a Multi Agent Simulation date: 2020-08-30 words: 6812.0 sentences: 425.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-229942-vofuo2g1.txt summary: Furthermore, we include three parameters for the following expression: (1'') the usage rate of the app; (2'') decreasing value of going out probability of persons who have contact with infectors via the app; (3'') infection registration rate of infectors through the app. Consequently, we find the infection probability that persons from 5% to 10% of the total population become infectors in 45 days when all agents do not use the app. In the results generated by random seed of 30 patterns, there were 2 cases in which the infection did not spread even though the app was not used (the total number of infectors at the end of the simulation is below 30). As shown in Fig.4 , there are no cases of the number of infectors less than 32.5 persons in the result of the usage rate of the app (p 1 app = 20%). abstract: As of Aug. 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading in the world. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare developed"COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application (COCOA),"which was released on Jun. 19, 2020. By utilizing COCOA, users can know whether or not they had contact with infected persons. If those who had contact with infectors keep staying at home, they may not infect those outside. However, effectiveness decreasing the number of infectors depending on the app's various usage parameters is not clear. If it is clear, we could set the objective value of the app's usage parameters (e.g., the usage rate of the total populations) and call for installation of the app. Therefore, we develop a multi-agent simulator that can express COVID-19 spreading and usage of the apps, such as COCOA. In this study, we describe the simulator and the effectiveness of the app in various scenarios. The result obtained in this study supports those of previously conducted studies. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13166v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-285349-850n4pot author: Omarjee, Loukman title: Can Ticagrelor be used to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19? date: 2020-05-21 words: 1367.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285349-850n4pot.txt summary: The authors mentioned that "coagulation dysfunction, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism have been observed in severe COVID-19 [1] ." We would like to discuss a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we aim at discussing the potential use of Ticagrelor in COVID-19, to reduce PNA, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release, and vascular leakage. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof Experimental models of sepsis and human clinical trials have also shown that platelet receptor P2Y12 inhibition reduced sepsis-induced mortality [7] [8] [9] [10] . In the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) study, Ticagrelor reduced mortality risk following pulmonary adverse events such as bacterial kung infection and sepsis in acute coronary syndrome patients [7] . Therefore, when given at the early onset of COVID-19, Ticagrelor, through inhibition of platelet-neutrophil aggregates, NET release, and vascular leakage might prevent SIC, progression to DIC and associated morbi/mortality in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445671/ doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108468 id: cord-288490-l40t76la author: Omboni, Stefano title: Telemedicine During the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? date: 2020-08-01 words: 1264.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288490-l40t76la.txt summary: In the time of COVID-19 epidemic, Italy was found unprepared to manage lockdown patients with chronic diseases, due to limited availability and diffusion of large-scale telemedicine solutions. The scattered distribution and heterogeneity of available tools, the lack of integration with the electronic health record of the national health system, the poor interconnection between telemedicine services operating at different levels, the lack of a real multidisciplinary approach to the patient''s management, the heavy privacy regulations, and lack of clear guidelines, together with the lack of reimbursement, all hinder the implementation of effective telemedicine solutions for long-term patients'' management. Too late, *2 months after the epidemic began, the Ministry for Technological Innovation and Digitalization and the Ministry of Health launched a 3-day open call to telemedicine stakeholders to collect information about the current digital solutions (apps and chatbots) available on the market, to be used for timely tracking patients with COVID-19 or other pathologies. abstract: In the time of COVID-19 epidemic, Italy was found unprepared to manage lockdown patients with chronic diseases, due to limited availability and diffusion of large-scale telemedicine solutions. The scattered distribution and heterogeneity of available tools, the lack of integration with the electronic health record of the national health system, the poor interconnection between telemedicine services operating at different levels, the lack of a real multidisciplinary approach to the patient's management, the heavy privacy regulations, and lack of clear guidelines, together with the lack of reimbursement, all hinder the implementation of effective telemedicine solutions for long-term patients' management. This COVID-19 epidemic should help promote better use and a larger integration of telemedicine services in the armamentarium of health care services. Telemedicine must no longer be considered as an option or add-on to react to an emergency. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324109/ doi: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0106 id: cord-330129-izr62c68 author: Omer, Sumaira title: Preventive measures and management of COVID-19 in pregnancy date: 2020-04-09 words: 1950.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330129-izr62c68.txt summary: As of 17 March 2020, there are 153 countries who have reported cases of infection caused by this virus [i.e., coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID19) ], with Italy becoming the new epicentre [1] . Importantly, viral respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, can easily develop during pregnancy, which means pregnant women may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 and require prioritized medical care. Interim COVID-19 guidelines for the effective counselling and education of pregnant women are currently available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) [5, 6] . For effective management, pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 should be isolated and then transferred to a hospital equipped with sufficient health facilities and fully trained clinicians to take proper care of critically ill obstetric patients. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32292265/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00725-x id: cord-356127-xy5tyd7t author: Omidi, Negar title: Prosthetic heart valves and the COVID‐19 pandemic era: What should we be concerned about? date: 2020-09-28 words: 1546.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356127-xy5tyd7t.txt summary: We aimed to evaluate coagulation features in hospitalized patients under warfarin treatment for prosthetic heart valves during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia pandemic. Although interim guidance for the management of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 has been published, 6 the resultant clotting profile in patients with prosthetic heart valve are largely unknown. KALETRA was prescribed for eight patients, and the other two T A B L E 1 Summary of the demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes of the study patients with a prosthetic heart valve and novel Wuhan coronavirus pneumonia Table 2 Our observation revealed that 20% of the study patients had a liver injury, presented as increased alanine aminotransaminase, which is consistent with the results of the previous studies, 2 who reported 14-53% rate of liver injury among their patients during the hospital stay. abstract: BACKGROUND: The disturbance in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients receiving warfarin therapy is of concern. We aimed to evaluate coagulation features in hospitalized patients under warfarin treatment for prosthetic heart valves during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia pandemic. METHODS: Between 20 February and 28 March 2020, 10 patients (7 males) who were under warfarin therapy for prosthetic heart valves were hospitalized after a diagnosis of COVID‐19 in Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. The clinical, paraclinical, and in‐hospital outcomes were described. The patients were followed for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The median age was 62 years. All the patients received antiviral treatment, either lopinavir/ritonavir or oseltamivir. The serum level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ranged between 0.24 and 15.24 mg/dL. Alanine aminotransaminase was normal in all the patients except for two, with levels 1.6 and 4.2 times above normal values. The INR increased in all the patients. One (10%) patient died in the hospital. No bleeding, ischemic, or thrombotic events occurred during the hospital stay and within the 4‐week follow‐up. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy in patients with COVID‐19 with prosthetic heart valves might be an issue responsible for an uncontrolled INR. Liver injury may happen in a minority of patients. Bridging in these patients during the antiviral treatment might be required and because of significant INR fluctuations, it might be safer to prescribe antiviral treatment in an inpatient setting. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14707 doi: 10.1111/jocs.14707 id: cord-273965-ma1rwkdq author: Omonzejele, Peter F. title: Preserving Bodily Integrity of Deceased Patients From the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in West Africa date: 2020-11-09 words: 3076.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273965-ma1rwkdq.txt summary: The enforcement of social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown has made it impossible for West Africans to drift to their ancestral homes and villages, as is usually the case in times of crisis, with attendant consequences for communal life and traditional burial rites. Though the WHO has suggested it as one of the most effective ways to prevent contracting the COVID-19 virus, the fact remains that many West African communities do not have access to running water, especially those in rural areas (Omonzejele 2014, 418) . Since this is the most probable case for escapes from isolation centres, governments in the West African region should, perhaps, engage with the WHO to seek technical expertise in the decontamination of deceased people from COVID-19 isolation centres, and then make such corpses available to their families for traditional burial rites. abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic, otherwise known as COVID-19 brought about the use of new terminologies—new lexical items such as social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown. In developed countries, basic social amenities to support these are taken for granted; this is not the case in West African countries. Instead, those suggested safeguards against contracting COVID-19 have exposed the infrastructural deficit in West African countries. In addition, and more profoundly, these safeguards against the disease have distorted the traditional community-individuality balance. The enforcement of social distancing, self-isolation, and lockdown has made it impossible for West Africans to drift to their ancestral homes and villages, as is usually the case in times of crisis, with attendant consequences for communal life and traditional burial rites. This could be one of the reasons why some COVID-19 patients are escaping from isolation centres, since to die in such centres violates their bodily integrity at an ontological level. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169258/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10061-4 id: cord-322486-qwl7nzkr author: Omori, Ryosuke title: The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age date: 2020-10-06 words: 4857.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322486-qwl7nzkr.txt summary: We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Assuming that the age-dependency of mortality by COVID-19 is determined by only age-dependent susceptibility (model 1), i.e., the mortality rate does not depend on age, the exponent parameter, φ, describing the variation of susceptibility among age groups for each country, Italy, Japan, and Spain, was estimated as shown in Fig. 4 . abstract: Among Italy, Spain, and Japan, the age distributions of COVID-19 mortality show only small variation even though the number of deaths per country shows large variation. To understand the determinant for this situation, we constructed a mathematical model describing the transmission dynamics and natural history of COVID-19 and analyzed the dataset of mortality in Italy, Spain, and Japan. We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Variation of susceptibility by age itself cannot explain the robust age distribution in mortality by COVID-19 infections in those three countries, however it does suggest that the age-dependencies of (i) the mortality rate and (ii) the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases determine the age distribution of mortality by COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8 id: cord-302393-hrz3bypr author: Omrani, Ali S. title: The first consecutive 5000 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Qatar; a nation-wide cohort study date: 2020-10-19 words: 4533.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302393-hrz3bypr.txt summary: Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. In this study, we describe 60-day outcomes of a nationwide COVID-19 cohort from Qatar, and explore patient characteristics associated with the need for admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In the multivariable logistic regression, we found that older age, male sex, co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease, and higher BMI were all independently associated with increased risk of need for ICU admission ( Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, we explored risk factors for admission to ICU. RESULTS: Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8–68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P < 0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P < 0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05511-8 id: cord-318178-l17u9oqp author: Omura, Takuya title: Geriatric practice during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 879.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318178-l17u9oqp.txt summary: Dear Editor, Two aspects warrant consideration regarding the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: prevention of COVID-19 infection and protection from the related changes among the elderly. For the latter, the Japan Geriatrics Society (JGS) established the "COVID-19, Practice Caution for Older People" in March 2020 to raise awareness on "prevention of frailty" (Fig. 1) . COVID-19 influence can trigger age-related diseases other than frailty; therefore, it is necessary to identify the impact of this pandemic on the geriatric population. 7 Thus, further research is needed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on various age-related diseases in addition to frailty. 8 Psychosocial interventions are crucial for the elderly people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent stroke and cardiovascular disease. To maintain the physical functions and daily routine of the elderly, the JGS recommends eight points related to the following three aspects: (i) exercise and nutrition, (ii) oral function, and (iii) social support (Fig. 1) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428997/ doi: 10.1111/ggi.13958 id: cord-274816-6xpma224 author: Onal, Merih title: Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children? date: 2020-10-27 words: 1426.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274816-6xpma224.txt summary: Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are important organs of the immune system, and they protect the body from pathogens invading the upper respiratory tract, especially in young children [8] . In a study on patients with hypertrophic adenoid tissue, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections were demonstrated along with high serum myeloperoxidase levels (indicating neutrophil activation), increased serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels (indicating eosinophil activation) and high CD 163 glycoprotein levels (indicating monocyte/macrophage activation) [15] . It is known that human tonsils are immunologically reactive lymphoid organs carrying out humoral and cellular immunity functions as a response to various antigens and displaying B and T cell activity [16] . In the same study, although a difference was expected in tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis groups in terms of the levels of interferons (IFN-a, IFN-b, IFN-c, IL-28, IL-29) , which are cytokines with antiviral activity and whose expression is induced by viral infection, not detected. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33108239/ doi: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1814965 id: cord-257003-749zpxuy author: Onchonga, David title: Assessing the Prevalence of Self-Medication among Healthcare Workers before and during the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Kenya date: 2020-08-14 words: 3317.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257003-749zpxuy.txt summary: The respondents'' gender, level of education, age, marital status, level of participation in physical activity, and drug reaction events, were significantly associated with self-medication before and during the outbreak (P < 0.05). The objectives of the study included: (a) to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication reported by healthcare workers before and during the outbreak, (b) to identify the common conditions for self-medication before and during the outbreak (c) to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics and health patterns associated with self-medication among different cadres of healthcare workers before and during the outbreak. The results showed statistically significant differences between self-medication and gender, physical activity, adverse drug reaction, work shift, marital status, level of education, and cadre. The study did not find any significant association between self-medication and adverse drug reaction before the outbreak of COVID-19. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the prevalence of selfmedication and associated factors among healthcare workers in Kenya before and during outbreak. abstract: Abstract Background Self-medication plays a key role in public health as it influences both negatively and positively on the health of individuals and the existing healthcare systems. This is especially the case during public health emergencies like the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 disease. Objectives The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of self-medication before and during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors. Methods Stratified sampling was used to select 379 study respondents. The authors developed an online questionnaire, pretested and submitted to various online professional groups of different cadres of health workers. Collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data was presented in tables, graphs, percentages, and cross-tabulation with different variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual’s desire to self-medicate and associations were considered significant at p<0.05. Results The overall prevalence of self-medication increased from 36.2% (n=137) before the pandemic to 60.4% (n=229) during the pandemic. The respondents' gender, level of education, age, marital status, level of participation in physical activity, and drug reaction events, were significantly associated with self-medication before and during the outbreak (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that engaging in physical activity, working during the day and being healthy were less likely to choose self-medication (p < 0.01). Conclusion Self-medication is an important health issue, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuous awareness creation and sensitization could help in reducing self-medication practices among healthcare workers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837218/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.003 id: cord-309509-ftwpys3y author: Ondoa, Pascale title: COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt date: 2020-07-03 words: 1107.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt summary: AFTCOR has led COVID-19 testing capacity scale-up as one of the key objectives under the Africa joint continental strategy for COVID-19 outbreak. 2 The Africa CDC Pathogen Genomics Intelligence Institute, which is also part of the joint continental COVID-19 strategy, provides training and resources to 16 AU member states to generate up to 2500 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences and will enable the submission of these sequences to the Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data platform. PCR testing platforms'' footprint within national disease control programmes, and the private and animal laboratory sectors offer an opportunity to make use of free testing capacity and sample referral routes for COVID-19 diagnostics. To address these challenges, Africa CDC launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing on request from AU heads of states, with the following key strategic areas: (1) organising all AU member states as one large customer and coordinating the continuous supply of test kits and commodities at a negotiated price and based on accurate forecast of needs; (2) decentralising COVID-19 testing through strategic planning that can guarantee laboratory quality, biosafety, and the establishment of robust sample referral systems; e104 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720300689 doi: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30068-9 id: cord-279513-m4jdc8ua author: Onesti, Concetta Elisa title: Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-26 words: 4145.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279513-m4jdc8ua.txt summary: A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. The topics investigated in the survey included preventive measures taken before and after admission to the hospital, instructions given to patients and professionals, general measures for risk reduction of virus spread, specific measures in the hospitalisation unit, general organisation of the centre, organisation of multidisciplinary meetings and activities of other healthcare professionals, staff management and antibody testing. Patients were subjected to a triage for signs of infection prior to presenting to the oncology units in the majority of the centres, notably in 19/21 institutions (90.5%) before consultations, in 20/21 (95.2%) before day care outpatient infusion room admissions and in 20/20 (100%) before overnight hospitalisation (figure 2). abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 appeared in late 2019, causing a pandemic spread. This led to a reorganisation of oncology care in order to reduce the risk of spreading infection between patients and healthcare staff. Here we analysed measures taken in major oncological units in Europe and the USA. METHODS: A 46-item survey was sent by email to representatives of 30 oncological centres in 12 of the most affected countries. The survey inquired about preventive measures established to reduce virus spread, patient education and processes employed for risk reduction in each oncological unit. RESULTS: Investigators from 21 centres in 10 countries answered the survey between 10 April and 6 May 2020. A triage for patients with cancer before hospital or clinic visits was conducted by 90.5% of centres before consultations, 95.2% before day care admissions and in 100% of the cases before overnight hospitalisation by means of phone calls, interactive online platforms, swab test and/or chest CT scan. Permission for caregivers to attend clinic visits was limited in many centres, with some exceptions (ie, for non-autonomous patients, in the case of a new diagnosis, when bad news was expected and for terminally ill patients). With a variable delay period, the use of personal protective equipment was unanimously mandatory, and in many centres, only targeted clinical and instrumental examinations were performed. Telemedicine was implemented in 76.2% of the centres. Separated pathways for COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients were organised, with separate inpatient units and day care areas. Self-isolation was required for COVID-19-positive or symptomatic staff, while return to work policies required a negative swab test in 76.2% of the centres. CONCLUSION: Many pragmatic measures have been quickly implemented to deal with the health emergency linked to COVID-19, although the relative efficacy of each intervention should be further analysed in large observational studies. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000853 doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000853 id: cord-344581-h7ikjgic author: Ong, David S.Y. title: Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of rapid serological tests and ELISA to molecular diagnostics in patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to the hospital date: 2020-06-02 words: 2071.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344581-h7ikjgic.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In the total cohort, Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test LFA had a sensitivity of 43/99 (43%; 95% CI 34-53) and specificity of 126/129 (98%; 95% CI 95-100). CONCLUSIONS: There is large variability in diagnostic test performance between rapid LFAs, but overall limited sensitivity and high specificity in acutely admitted patients. First, in a pilot phase 20 NAT-positive and 5 NAT-negative patients were retrospectively selected for which six LFAs were performed on heparin plasma samples obtained upon hospital presentation ( Figure S1 ), which corresponded to the dates of molecular testing. This study shows that the sensitivity of LFA was low in patients suspected for COVID-19 presenting to the hospital, but it improved in patients with at least seven days of symptoms and in those with CRP levels >100 mg/L upon presentation. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFAs) compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS: Patients presenting to a Dutch teaching hospital were eligible between March 17 and April 10, 2020, when they had respiratory symptoms that were suspected for COVID-19. The performances of six different LFAs were evaluated in plasma samples obtained on corresponding respiratory sample dates of NATs testing. Subsequently, the best performing LFA was evaluated in 228 patients and in 50 sera of a historical patient control group. RESULTS: In the pilot analysis sensitivity characteristics of LFA were heterogenous ranging from 2/20 (10%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-23) to 11/20 (55%; 95% CI 33-77). In the total cohort, Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test LFA had a sensitivity of 43/99 (43%; 95% CI 34-53) and specificity of 126/129 (98%; 95% CI 95-100). Sensitivity increased to 31/52 (60%; 95% CI 46-73) in patients with at least seven days of symptoms, and to 21/33 (64%; 95% CI 47-80) in patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) >100 mg/L. Sensitivity and specificity of Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA was 59/95 (62%; 95% CI 52-72) and 125/128 (98%; 95% CI 95-100) in all patients, respectively, but sensitivity increased to 38/48 (79%; 95% CI 68-91) in patients with at least seven days of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There is large variability in diagnostic test performance between rapid LFAs, but overall limited sensitivity and high specificity in acutely admitted patients. Sensitivity improved in patients with longer existing symptoms or high CRP. LFAs should only be considered as additional triage tools when these may lead to the improvement of hospital logistics. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.028 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.028 id: cord-338001-jig46hsk author: Ong, Jacqueline S. M. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Critically Ill Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-21 words: 3418.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338001-jig46hsk.txt summary: In the small cohort from Tongji Hospital (6), Wuhan, one out of the six children with COVID-19 was admitted to intensive care. Given that children appear to have mild disease and may have a clinical picture similar to that of viral bronchiolitis, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for respiratory support would likely be preferred amongst PICU clinicians. Caregivers are close contacts of the infected patient, although they may be asymptomatic at the time-in the Wuhan Children''s Hospital series with active case finding of close contacts, 90% of confirmed cases had family members who were either confirmed or suspect disease (5) . Given the low rates of critical illness due to COVID-19, this process will likely exert more impact on day-to-day processes in PICUs than sick patients with confirmed infection. Paediatric Intensive Care Society UK: PICS Guidance on Management of Critically Ill Children With COVID-19 Infection abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread around the world. In the 3 months since its emergence, we have learned a great deal about its clinical management and its relevance to the pediatric critical care provider. In this article, we review the available literature and provide valuable insight into the clinical management of this disease, as well as information on preparedness activities that every PICU should perform. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002376 id: cord-252557-f89m6xv5 author: Ong, John title: Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard date: 2020-04-02 words: 1300.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252557-f89m6xv5.txt summary: title: Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard Prevention of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy: international recommendations and the need for a gold standard Over 3000 healthcare workers (HCW) in China are suspected of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and over 1700 tested positive. PPE recommendation (general staff): ► All patients to be offered surgical face masks Contingency plan for high-risk patients detected in endoscopy: ► Not stated. PPE recommendation (general staff): ► None stated Contingency plan for high-risk patients detected in endoscopy: ► Not stated. 4 Patient screening undoubtedly is the foremost step at preventing nosocomial transmission; timely detection allows postponement of non-urgent procedures until the infection has resolved, significantly reducing transmission risk to patients and staff. Detecting ''false negatives'' that slip through processes allows for the identification of HCWs and patients with infection risk after exposure to asymptomatic or subclinical carriers in the viral incubation period at the time of endoscopy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32241901/ doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321154 id: cord-321176-b4o3nba6 author: Ong, P. M. title: COVID-19 Medical Vulnerability Indicators: A Local Data Model for Equity in Public Health Decision-Making date: 2020-11-04 words: 8977.0 sentences: 493.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321176-b4o3nba6.txt summary: The purpose of this project is to develop multiple indicators that point to probable communities (geographic places defined by the Census Bureau''s Zip Code Tabulation Areas) and populations at risk in Los Angeles County with high probability of COVID-19 infection and death across different dimensions. To achieve this, we developed four different indicators of medical vulnerability: 1) Pre-Existing Health Condition, 2) Barriers to Accessing Healthcare, 3) Built Environment Risk, and 4) Social Vulnerability. The following maps display neighborhoods in Los Angeles County by their level of vulnerability across each of the four indicators: pre-existing conditions, barriers to accessing healthcare, build environment risk, and social vulnerability. In Figure 8 , we observe that in the Built-Environment Risk indicator, Black, Latinx and CHL Asian populations are heavily concentrated in neighborhoods designated as either high or highest levels of vulnerability (53%, 55%, 63% respectively). abstract: Objective: To develop indicators of vulnerability for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection in Los Angeles County (LAC) by race and neighborhood characteristics. Design: Development of indicators that combines pre-existing medical vulnerabilities with social and built-environment data by zip code tabulation areas (ZTCAs). Setting: Neighborhoods in LAC categorized by race/ethnicity ranked into quintiles by relative vulnerability: Non-Hispanic white; Black; Latinx: Cambodians, Hmong and Laotians combined (CHL); and Other Asians. Data Sources: AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition, American Community Survey 2014-2018, and California Department of Parks and Recreation. Main Outcome Measures: 1) Pre-Existing Health Condition, 2) Barriers to Accessing Healthcare, 3) Built Environment Risk, and 4) CDC's Social Vulnerability. Results: Neighborhoods most vulnerable to covid-19 are characterized by significant clustering of racial minorities, low income households and unmet medical needs. An overwhelming 73% of Blacks reside in the neighborhoods with the two highest quintiles of pre-existing health conditions, followed by Latinx (70%) and CHL (60%), while 60% of whites reside in low or the lowest vulnerable neighborhoods. For the Barriers to Accessing Healthcare indicator, 40% of Latinx reside in the highest vulnerability places followed by Blacks, CHL and other Asians (29%, 22%, and 16% respectively), compared with only 7% of Whites reside in such neighborhoods. The Built Environment Indicator finds CHL (63%) followed by Latinx (55%) and Blacks (53%) reside in the neighborhoods designated as high or the highest vulnerability compared to 32% of Whites residing in these neighborhoods. The Social Vulnerability Indicator finds 42% of Blacks and Latinx and 38% of CHL residing in neighborhoods of high vulnerability compared with only 8% of Whites residing these neighborhoods. Conclusions: Vulnerability to covid-19 infections differs by neighborhood and racial/ethnic groups. Our vulnerability indicators when utilized in decision-making of re-openings or resource distribution such as testing, vaccine distribution, hotel rooms for quarantine and other covid-19-related resources can provide an equity driven data approach for the most vulnerable. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.02.20215657v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.02.20215657 id: cord-327543-kibjwfad author: Ong, S. J. title: SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure date: 2020-07-01 words: 1491.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327543-kibjwfad.txt summary: title: SIR HELMET (Safety In Radiology HEalthcare Localised Metrological EnviromenT): a low-cost negative-pressure isolation barrier for shielding MRI frontline workers from COVID-19 exposure To address the above problem, a low-cost physical barrier was designed and developed for use within the MRI machine that could produce a localised negativepressure containment area around the patient''s head. Hence, use of this helmet would effectively provide frontline healthcare staff and patients with an added layer of protection against airborne pathogens. The image quality of MRI examinations was not affected by scanning with the helmet on. Highlights: 1 • Low cost reusable acrylic and silicone rubber barrier shield design 2 • Localised negative pressure environment simulating isolation rooms 3 • Does not affect MRI image quality even on the most sensitive sequences 4 • Additional personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals Rapid expansion of temporary, reliable airborne-infection isolation rooms with negative air machines for critical COVID-19 patients abstract: • Low cost reusable acrylic and silicone rubber barrier shield design. • Localised negative pressure environment simulating isolation rooms. • Does not affect MRI image quality even on the most sensitive sequences. • Additional personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32631627/ doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.015 id: cord-306072-tfvt6sjq author: Ong, Sean Wei Xiang title: Safety and potential efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-07-26 words: 3115.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306072-tfvt6sjq.txt summary: 11 We hypothesised that COX-2 inhibitors are safe in the treatment of COVID-19, and may be associated with a reduction in adverse outcomes in high-risk older patients with pneumonia, primarily through attenuation of the hyperinflammatory immune response associated with severe disease. In this population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 (≥ 50 years old and with radiographic pneumonia), there was no evidence that COX-2 inhibitor treatment was associated with an increase in adverse outcomes, supporting the use of short duration therapy in COVID-19 for symptom relief and as an anti-pyretic. With the small sample size for IL-6 measurements in the treatment group, these IL-6 data are primarily descriptive and exploratory, and further study is required to establish a clear correlation between COX-2 inhibitor treatment and its impact on IL-6 levels in COVID-19. The dysregulated immune response associated with severe COVID-19 is well characterised, with multiple studies showing elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe disease and mortality. abstract: OBJECTIVES: While the safety of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in COVID‐19 has been questioned, they may be beneficial given the hyper‐inflammatory immune response associated with severe disease. We aimed to assess the safety and potential efficacy of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective inhibitors in high‐risk patients. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia and aged ≥ 50 years who were admitted to hospital. Adverse outcomes analysed included supplemental oxygen use, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality, with the primary endpoint a composite of any of these. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured in a subset. RESULTS: Twenty‐two of 168 (13.1%) in the cohort received COX‐2 inhibitors [median duration 3 days, interquartile range (IQR) 3–4.25]. Median age was 61 (IQR 55–67.75), 44.6% were female, and 72.6% had at least one comorbidity. A lower proportion of patients receiving COX‐2 inhibitors met the primary endpoint: 4 (18.2%) versus 57 (39.0%), P = 0.062. This difference was less pronounced after adjusting for baseline difference in age, gender and comorbidities in a multivariate logistic regression model [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.45, 95% CI 0.14–1.46]. The level of interleukin‐6 declined after treatment in five of six (83.3%) treatment group patients [compared to 15 of 28 (53.6%) in the control group] with a greater reduction in absolute IL‐6 levels (P‐value = 0.025). CONCLUSION: Treatment with COX‐2 inhibitors was not associated with an increase in adverse outcomes. Its potential for therapeutic use as an immune modulator warrants further evaluation in a large randomised controlled trial. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1159 doi: 10.1002/cti2.1159 id: cord-277770-sbieo46s author: Oni, Tolu title: Implications of COVID-19 control measures for diet and physical activity, and lessons for addressing other pandemics facing rapidly urbanising countries date: 2020-09-01 words: 2572.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277770-sbieo46s.txt summary: In this current debate piece, focusing on two of the four risk factors that contribute to >80% of the NCD burden, we consider the possible ways that the restrictions put in place to control the pandemic, have the potential to impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours and their determinants. By considering mitigation responses implemented by governments in several LMIC cities, we identify key lessons that highlight the potential of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to retain health as a priority beyond the context of pandemic response. In rapidly urbanising low-and middle-income countries (LMIC), the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a double burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), malnutrition and the precarity of livelihoods [1] have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multisectoral government COVID-19 responses in these cities to address social inequities highlight the feasibility of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to support healthy eating and active living. abstract: At the time of writing, it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic will play out in rapidly urbanising regions of the world. In these regions, the realities of large overcrowded informal settlements, a high burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, as well as malnutrition and precarity of livelihoods, have raised added concerns about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in these contexts. COVID-19 infection control measures have been shown to have some effects in slowing down the progress of the pandemic, effectively buying time to prepare the healthcare system. However, there has been less of a focus on the indirect impacts of these measures on health behaviours and the consequent health risks, particularly in the most vulnerable. In this current debate piece, focusing on two of the four risk factors that contribute to >80% of the NCD burden, we consider the possible ways that the restrictions put in place to control the pandemic, have the potential to impact on dietary and physical activity behaviours and their determinants. By considering mitigation responses implemented by governments in several LMIC cities, we identify key lessons that highlight the potential of economic, political, food and built environment sectors, mobilised during the pandemic, to retain health as a priority beyond the context of pandemic response. Such whole-of society approaches are feasible and necessary to support equitable healthy eating and active living required to address other epidemics and to lower the baseline need for healthcare in the long term. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1810415 doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1810415 id: cord-175149-pwntqqtd author: Oniani, David title: A Qualitative Evaluation of Language Models on Automatic Question-Answering for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 4953.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-175149-pwntqqtd.txt summary: In this paper, we propose to apply a language model for automatically answering questions related to COVID-19 and qualitatively evaluate the generated responses. To address these issues, we propose to develop a chatbot enhanced by neural language models that is able to automatically answer questions related to COVID-19 through conversational interactions. • We applied and compared the performance of four embedding generation approaches, namely tf-idf (Term Frequency -Inverse Document Frequency) [18] , Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) [42] , BioBERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining) [28] , and Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) [14] for refining the automatically generated answers. We have therefore decided to further filter the responses via applying embedding generation algorithms and models such as tf-idf, BERT, BioBERT, and USE and then using semantic similarity approaches such as cosine similarity and inner product. abstract: COVID-19 has resulted in an ongoing pandemic and as of 12 June 2020, has caused more than 7.4 million cases and over 418,000 deaths. The highly dynamic and rapidly evolving situation with COVID-19 has made it difficult to access accurate, on-demand information regarding the disease. Online communities, forums, and social media provide potential venues to search for relevant questions and answers, or post questions and seek answers from other members. However, due to the nature of such sites, there are always a limited number of relevant questions and responses to search from, and posted questions are rarely answered immediately. With the advancements in the field of natural language processing, particularly in the domain of language models, it has become possible to design chatbots that can automatically answer consumer questions. However, such models are rarely applied and evaluated in the healthcare domain, to meet the information needs with accurate and up-to-date healthcare data. In this paper, we propose to apply a language model for automatically answering questions related to COVID-19 and qualitatively evaluate the generated responses. We utilized the GPT-2 language model and applied transfer learning to retrain it on the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) corpus. In order to improve the quality of the generated responses, we applied 4 different approaches, namely tf-idf, BERT, BioBERT, and USE to filter and retain relevant sentences in the responses. In the performance evaluation step, we asked two medical experts to rate the responses. We found that BERT and BioBERT, on average, outperform both tf-idf and USE in relevance-based sentence filtering tasks. Additionally, based on the chatbot, we created a user-friendly interactive web application to be hosted online. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.10964v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-270465-9jp0xw7j author: Ono, Yoshitaka title: Asthma exacerbation associated with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-27 words: 1020.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270465-9jp0xw7j.txt summary: Here, we report a case of exacerbation of previously well-controlled asthma associated with the onset of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one case series of asthma exacerbation accompanied by SARS-CoV-2 infection. 4 In the present case, sore throat, a relatively rare symptom observed in 5%e17% of the patients with COVID-19, 3, 4 preceded the appearance of wheezing and dyspnea, and therefore, coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses, such as the rhinovirus and RSV could not be ruled out. 9 In addition, a report demonstrated that corticosteroid administration delayed viral clearance in MERS-CoV cases. 7e9 For the patients with COVID-19 who develop asthma exacerbation, it might be important to reduce the dose and duration of systemic corticosteroids as much as possible and administer drugs with antiviral abilities, such as favipiravir, in combination. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893020300952 doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.07.002 id: cord-287949-243xlmep author: Onovo, A. A. title: Using Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging to reveal Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory Data Analysis date: 2020-05-02 words: 4908.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt summary: Explanatory or independent variables in the model included total population, GDP per capita, percentage of population with access to electricity, percentage of population with access to basic drinking water, incidence of malaria (per 1,000 population at risk), percentage of men and women aged 15 and over who currently smoke any tobacco product, Diarrhea treatment (percent of children under 5 receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding), percentage of infants who received third-dose of pneumococcal conjugate-based vaccine (PCV), incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people), percent out-of-pocket expenditure, life expectancy at birth, Health Systems Performance Index, estimated incidence rate (new HIV infection per 1,000 uninfected population, children aged 0-14 years), estimated incidence rate (new HIV infection per 1,000 uninfected population, adolescents aged 10-19 years), HIV prevalence among people aged 15-49 years, transmission classification of COVID-19 disease (1=imported, 2=local transmission), income group (1=High Income, 2=Low income, 3=Lower middle income, 4=Upper middle income), Geocoordinates of SSA countries (latitude and longitude), and Time (days) between the first and last reported coronavirus cases. abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Knowledge of coronavirus-related risk factors can help countries build more systematic and successful responses to COVID-19 disease outbreak. Here we used Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) techniques to reveal correlates and patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: We analyzed time series aggregate data compiled by Johns Hopkins University on the outbreak of COVID-19 disease across SSA. COVID-19 data was merged with additional data on socio-demographic and health indicator survey data for 39 of SSA 48 countries that reported confirmed cases and deaths from coronavirus between February 28, 2020 through March 26, 2020. We used supervised machine learning algorithm, Lasso for variable selection and statistical inference. EBK was used to also create a raster estimating the spatial distribution of COVID-19 disease outbreak. Results: The lasso Cross-fit partialing out predictive model ascertained seven variables significantly associated with the risk of coronavirus infection (i.e. new HIV infections among pediatric, adolescent, and middle-aged adult PLHIV, time (days), pneumococcal conjugate-based vaccine, incidence of malaria and diarrhea treatment). Our study indicates, the doubling time in new coronavirus cases was 3 days. The steady three-day decrease in coronavirus outbreak rate of change (ROC) from 37% on March 23, 2020 to 23% on March 26, 2020 indicates the positive impact of countries' steps to stymie the outbreak. The interpolated maps show that coronavirus is rising every day and appears to be severely confined in South Africa. In the West African region (i.e. Burkina Faso, Ghana, Senegal, CotedIviore, Cameroon, and Nigeria), we predict that new cases and deaths from the virus are most likely to increase. Interpretation: Integrated and efficiently delivered interventions to reduce HIV, pneumonia, malaria and diarrhea, are essential to accelerating global health efforts. Scaling up screening and increasing COVID-19 testing capacity across SSA countries can help provide better understanding on how the pandemic is progressing and possibly ensure a sustained decline in the ROC of coronavirus outbreak. Funding: Authors were wholly responsible for the costs of data collation and analysis. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.20082057 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20082057 id: cord-299888-ig0gy5e9 author: Ooi, M.W.X. title: Pulmonary thromboembolic disease in COVID-19 Patients on CT Pulmonary Angiography –Prevalence, pattern of disease and relationship to D-dimer date: 2020-10-06 words: 1852.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299888-ig0gy5e9.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To define the prevalence of pulmonary thromboembolic (PTE) disease diagnosed on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in COVID-19 patients. To assess distribution of PTE and to evaluate for association between severity of COVID-19 disease, D-dimer values and incidence of PTE. The incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia on intensive care unit (ITU) has been reported as 25% [6] . Studies have also reported increased frequency of pulmonary thromboembolic disease (PTE) in COVID-19 patients. We also sought to evaluate association between severity of COVID-19 disease graded on CT, D-dimer values and incidence of PTE. At the end of April, our institution published anticoagulation guidelines suggesting that any patient with suspected COVID-19 infection, high clinical suspicion of PTE and a D-dimer level between 500-3000mcg/mL should receive prophylactic dose LMWH and CTPA. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the prevalence of pulmonary thromboembolic (PTE) disease diagnosed on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in COVID-19 patients. To assess distribution of PTE and to evaluate for association between severity of COVID-19 disease, D-dimer values and incidence of PTE. METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 presenting to 5 different hospitals across Greater Manchester between 1(st) March 2020 and 30(th) April 2020 who had CTPA were included. CTPA images were evaluated for presence of PTE, distribution of PTE (in small and/or large vessels) and distribution of PTE within lungs with or without COVID-19 CT changes. Severity of COVID lung changes were graded. D-dimer values within 72 hours of CTPA were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate for any significant association between variables. p values of ≤ 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 974 patients presented across five hospital sites with COVID-19 infection. Eighty-four (n = 84) COVID-19 patients underwent CTPA. Of these, 38% (32/84) had PTE. PTE was seen in small vessels in 75% (24/32) and in lungs demonstrating COVID-19 changes in 72% (23/32). 84% (27/32) of PTE positive patients had disease severity of moderate or higher score (p = 0.005). D-dimer values were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in PTE patients, median value in PTE group was 6441mcg/L(range219-90925). A D-dimer cut off value of 2247mcg/L provides sensitivity of 0.72 and specificity of 0.74. CONCLUSION: There is increased prevalence of PTE in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. D-dimer values may have potential in guiding anticoagulation therapy and prognostication. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0720048X20305258?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109336 id: cord-337789-pabaoiqs author: Oprinca, George-Călin title: Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis date: 2020-08-27 words: 4995.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337789-pabaoiqs.txt summary: This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. This paper describes three autopsy cases with unknown cause of death, with full macroscopic examination as well as histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of collected organ tissues, including the lung from which reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) tests were made to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microscopic examination of the pulmonary tissue revealed large areas of alveolar damage with destruction of the alveolar wall lining and intra-alveolar septa, marked vascular congestion, accompanied by intra-alveolar hemorrhage. abstract: This paper describes three autopsy cases with postmortem diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed macroscopic examination as well as advanced microscopic studies of organ tissues collected using hematoxylin-eosin stains and immunohistochemical markers. Two of the cases were admitted briefly in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Sibiu, and one was found deceased at his home address. All three autopsies were completed at the County morgue, in the COVID-19 restricted area, using complete protective equipment. The lungs of the patients seemed to be the center organ of invasion and pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus with diffuse areas of condensation, subpleural retraction zones but with different aspect of the classic bacterial bronchopneumonia. Microscopic evaluation revealed viral cytopathic effect of type II pneumocytes with a couple of cells that presented cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions and who tend to form clusters mimicking multinucleated giant cells. Hyaline membranes and destruction of the alveolar wall as well as microthrombi formation within the small blood vessels were constantly found in almost all our three cases. The spleen had sustained white pulp atrophy with absence of lymphoid follicles. There were no microscopic signs of viral infection on the myocardium or the other organs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32851474/ doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02406-w id: cord-324615-oqjl3hq2 author: Orendain, Dan Jezreel A. title: Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-06 words: 2054.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324615-oqjl3hq2.txt summary: title: Ignored and invisible: internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the face of COVID-19 pandemic Internal displacement is considered as one of the most adversely impactful human mobility issues and urban phenomena, both to the affected people and the city, and yet it remains underrepresented in all forms of narrativefrom international discourse, advocacy, research (UNOCHA 2018) , and even within the sustainable development goals (Zeender 2018) . With possible long-term effects, internally displaced families are extremely vulnerable to livelihood loss and financial insecurity compared to members of the host city or community (The World Bank 2019). Beyond immediate responses to the growing social, economic, and physical insecurity globally, how do we address issues of the internally displaced in the face of an epidemic or pandemic as they are more likely being excluded from the general narrative? abstract: COVID-19 is impacting the whole world. The impacts are different on different countries and societal groups, and those who are poor, mobile, and displaced are disproportionally affected. There are different ways that they are affected: they are more vulnerable to contracting the disease while living in shelter, have many barriers to access to social services and health care, difficulty in accessing relief and aid, prone to livelihood loss, and financial insecurity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837575/ doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00848-0 id: cord-292041-a65kfw80 author: Orienti, Isabella title: Pulmonary Delivery of Fenretinide: A Possible Adjuvant Treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 6110.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292041-a65kfw80.txt summary: At present, there is no vaccine or effective standard treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (or coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)), which frequently leads to lethal pulmonary inflammatory responses. Therefore, due to its poly-pharmacology, fenretinide administration by pulmonary formulations may be expected to be protective against acute lung injury (ALI)/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV infection and could represent a useful tool in a multimodal therapy aimed at establishing a rapid anti-inflammatory and antiviral effect. Pulmonary delivery of fenretinide could be a valuable tool in COVID-19 due to the possibility of obtaining a very high drug concentration in the airway and alveolar epithelia, thus triggering a rapid onset of local anti-inflammatory response. Moreover, the pulmonary administration of fenretinide, in combination with the drugs that are currently used in SARS-CoV-2 infection, could represent a new, effective tool in COVID-19 treatment. abstract: At present, there is no vaccine or effective standard treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (or coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)), which frequently leads to lethal pulmonary inflammatory responses. COVID-19 pathology is characterized by extreme inflammation and amplified immune response with activation of a cytokine storm. A subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can take place, which is often followed by death. The causes of these strong inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unknown. As uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation is likely the main cause of death in SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions are particularly important. Fenretinide N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide is a bioactive molecule characterized by poly-pharmacological properties and a low toxicity profile. Fenretinide is endowed with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties other than efficacy in obesity/diabetic pathologies. Its anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities, in particular, could likely have utility in multimodal therapies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, fenretinide administration by pulmonary delivery systems could further increase its therapeutic value by carrying high drug concentrations to the lungs and triggering a rapid onset of activity. This is particularly important in SARS-CoV-2 infection, where only a narrow time window exists for therapeutic intervention. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113812 doi: 10.3390/ijms21113812 id: cord-318316-9unfl966 author: Ortega, Joseph T. title: Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies date: 2020-10-23 words: 4022.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318316-9unfl966.txt summary: SUMMARY: This review focused on the basic principles of virology and pharmacology to understand the importance of early stages of virus-cell interaction as therapeutic targets and other main processes vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, we focused on describing the main targets associated with SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy and the rationale of drug combinations for efficiently suppressing viral replication. Another early target evaluated against SARS-CoV-2 is a cellular protease related to the priming of the spike protein (S), which exposes the fusion motive and allows the release of viral RNA into the cytosol. HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; ORF, open reading frame. Favipiravir, another antiviral agent with broad activity against other RNA viruses by inhibiting the RdRp, halting viral replication, was evaluated against SARS-CoV-2, showing effects in vitro and in vivo [43] [44] [45] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease CO­VID-19 has strongly encouraged the search for antiviral compounds. Most of the evaluated drugs against SARS-CoV-2 derive from drug repurposing of Food and Drug Administration-approved molecules. These drugs have as target three major processes: (1) early stages of virus-cell interaction, (2) viral proteases, and (3) the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. SUMMARY: This review focused on the basic principles of virology and pharmacology to understand the importance of early stages of virus-cell interaction as therapeutic targets and other main processes vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, we focused on describing the main targets associated with SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy and the rationale of drug combinations for efficiently suppressing viral replication. KEY MESSAGES: We hypothesized that blocking of both entry mechanisms could allow a more effective antiviral effect compared to the partial results obtained with chloroquine or its derivatives alone. This approach, already used to achieve an antiviral effect higher than that offered by every single drug administered separately, has been successfully applied in several viral infections such as HIV and HCV. This review will contribute to expanding the perception of the possible therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection and highlight the benefits of using combination therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512141 doi: 10.1159/000512141 id: cord-282355-urys21ry author: Ortega-Quijano, Daniel title: Reply to “Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients”: discussing specificity date: 2020-05-04 words: 552.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282355-urys21ry.txt summary: title: Reply to "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients": discussing specificity Title: Reply to "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients": discussing specificity Daniel Ortega-Quijano, MD 1 , Juan Jimenez-Cauhe, MD 1 , Patricia Burgos-Blasco, MD 1 , Natalia Jimenez-Gomez, MD 1 , Diego Fernandez-Nieto, MD 1 . The positive predictive value, that is, the probability that a person with a varicella-like rash has COVID-19, is much more relevant, as a high value would justify SARS-CoV-2 testing. For us, the main contribution of the study by Marzano and colleagues is that, with all exanthems currently having a high positive predictive value for COVID-19, that of varicella-like rash is probably the highest since vesicular rash is more specific for viral disease than others 3 . Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32380215/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.156 id: cord-323590-m4jsu1q5 author: Ortiz de Landazuri, Iñaki title: Manufacturing and Management of CAR T-Cell Therapy in “COVID-19’s Time”: Central Versus Point of Care Proposals date: 2020-10-15 words: 4339.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323590-m4jsu1q5.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has generated a significant repercussion on the administration of adoptive cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. The aim of this mini-review is to focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected CAR T-cell therapy and taking into consideration the differences between the large-scale centralized productions for the pharmaceutical industry versus product manufacturing in the academic/hospital environment. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is to focus on how the effects caused by the pandemic have affected this therapy taking into consideration the differences between the large-scale centralized production of CAR T-cells by the pharmaceutical industry versus the product manufacturing processes employed by the academic/hospital environment. We also review different aspects of CAR T-cell therapy, including patient selection and resource prioritization performed in our center during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has generated a significant repercussion on the administration of adoptive cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. The closing of borders, the reduction of people transit and the confinement of the population has affected the supply chains of these life-saving medical products. The aim of this mini-review is to focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected CAR T-cell therapy and taking into consideration the differences between the large-scale centralized productions for the pharmaceutical industry versus product manufacturing in the academic/hospital environment. We also review different aspects of CAR T-cell therapy and our managerial experience of patient selection, resource prioritization and some practical aspects to consider for safe administration. Although hospitals have been forced to change their usual workflows to cope with the saturation of health services by hospitalized patients, we recommend centers to continue offering this potentially curative treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. Consequently, we propose appropriate selection criteria, early intervention to attenuate neurotoxicity or cytokine release syndrome with tocilizumab and prophylactic/preventive strategies to prevent infection. These considerations may apply to other emerging adoptive cell treatments and the corresponding manufacturing processes. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.573179 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573179 id: cord-259668-nwezszhj author: Ortiz, Alberto title: Complement and protection from tissue injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-04 words: 2618.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259668-nwezszhj.txt summary: Finally, preclinical studies in endotoxaemia, another hyperinflammation syndrome characterized by lung and kidney injury, suggest that cilastatin, an inexpensive drug already in clinical use, may provide tissue protection against hyperinflammation in COVID-19. In any case, this report suggests that assessing complement peptides may eventually contribute to define clusters of COVID-19 patients, as has been done for C3 glomerulopathies/immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis [11, 12] . In non-controlled case series and case reports, relatively positive results have been reported for the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab, for C3 inhibitor AMY-101, for the mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 blocker narsoplimab (OMS721), for aliskiren and for nafamostat mesylate, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anticoagulant agent that has broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitory activity, including for C1 esterase [2, [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] . [3] emphasize, the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in lipid rafts may provide two mechanisms by which cilastatin may protect from severe COVID-19: (i) stabilizing ACE2 at the cell surface lipid rafts and preventing virus/ACE2 internalization and (ii) preventing hyperinflammation-induced tissue injury as observed in rat endotoxemia. abstract: As the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is well under way around the world, the optimal therapeutic approach that addresses virus replication and hyperinflammation leading to tissue injury remains elusive. This issue of Clinical Kidney Journal provides further evidence of complement activation involvement in COVID-19. Taking advantage of the unique repeat access to chronic haemodialysis patients, the differential time course of C3 and C5 activation in relation to inflammation and severity of disease have been characterized. This further points to complement as a therapeutic target. Indeed, clinical trials targeting diverse components of complement are ongoing. However, a unique case of COVID-19 in a patient with pre-existent atypical haemolytic syndrome on chronic eculizumab therapy suggests that even early eculizumab may fail to prevent disease progression to a severe stage. Finally, preclinical studies in endotoxaemia, another hyperinflammation syndrome characterized by lung and kidney injury, suggest that cilastatin, an inexpensive drug already in clinical use, may provide tissue protection against hyperinflammation in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfaa196 doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa196 id: cord-273930-4asx0dq3 author: Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer title: Pericarditis in a young internal medicine resident with COVID-19 in Colombia date: 2020-08-28 words: 756.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273930-4asx0dq3.txt summary: As previously stated [1] COVID-19 may also present in them with a broad and changing spectrum of clinical disease, including cardiovascular conditions, as is the case of the pericarditis. During his hospital course, the patient presented severe chest pain that was difficult to relieve, requiring high doses of morphine, with the subsequent change to oxycodone with clinical improvement. Despite the use of PPE by the HCW, including those on training, as the case described, SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is evident, and transmission may occur. Our case also presented with, a still considered novel, clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Although cardiovascular conditions have been reported widely in COVID-19 so far [3, 4] , there is a lack of cases presenting with pericarditis, especially without other significant complications. In the case of COVID-19, this consequence requires more detailed studies to understand their pathophysiology, but especially their clinical course and implications. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101863 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101863 id: cord-286683-mettlmhz author: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review date: 2020-05-30 words: 13299.0 sentences: 726.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286683-mettlmhz.txt summary: Interestingly, the increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage described both in SARS [59] and MERS diseases [60] were also reported in the early study of 41 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan [41] . A recently published case report of a patient with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 revealed the presence of an increased activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), follicular helper T cells (TFH cells), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, suggesting that both cellular and humoral responses are important in containing the virus and inhibiting severe pathology [82] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series abstract: Abstract Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The current classification of coronaviruses recognizes 39 species in 27 subgenera that belong to the family Coronaviridae. From those, at least seven coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans. Four of these viruses can cause common cold-like symptoms. Those that infect animals can evolve and become infectious to humans. Three recent examples of these viral jumps include SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS CoV-2 virus. They are responsible for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the most recently discovered coronavirus disease during 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The rapid spread of the disease has taken the scientific and medical community by surprise. Latest figures from 20th May 2020 show more than 5 million people had been infected with the virus, causing more than 330,000 deaths in over 210 countries worldwide. The large amount of information received daily relating to COVID-19 is so abundant and dynamic that medical staff, health authorities, academics and the media are not able to keep up with this new pandemic. In order to offer a clear insight of the extensive literature available, we have conducted a comprehensive literature review of the SARS CoV-2 Virus and the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115094 id: cord-283037-hykf28oi author: Ortmann, Regina title: COVID-19 and investor behavior() date: 2020-08-08 words: 2600.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283037-hykf28oi.txt summary: We use transaction-level trading data to show that investors significantly increase their trading activities as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, both at the extensive and at the intensive margin. We investigate trading patterns and financial risk-taking of a large sample of retail investors based on their individual trading records during the outbreak of COVID-19. first deposits denotes the number of deposits by investors who opened a new account on a given day, divided by the average first deposits prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. Figure 2 (b) shows a decline in leverage-usage across asset classes between February 23 and March 23, that is most pronounced following the drop of the Dow. Panel (c) shows an increase in short-selling using CFDs on stocks, but no clear trend across other asset classes. Model 2 shows that the trading intensity increased by 222%, compared to the average trading before the pandemic, following the 9.99%-drop of the Dow on March 12, which is largely driven by the spike in cryptocurrency trading (untabulated). abstract: How do retail investors respond to the outbreak of COVID-19? We use transaction-level trading data to show that investors significantly increase their trading activities as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, both at the extensive and at the intensive margin. Investors, on average, increase their brokerage deposits and open more new accounts. The average weekly trading intensity increases by 13.9% as the number of COVID-19 cases doubles. The increase in trading is especially pronounced for male and older investors, and affects stock and index trading. Following the 9.99%-drop of the Dow Jones on March 12, investors significantly reduce the usage of leverage. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1544612320307959 doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101717 id: cord-312918-iof45k1r author: Ortolani, Claudio title: Hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone in COVID-19: who won and who lost? date: 2020-09-09 words: 4637.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312918-iof45k1r.txt summary: Recently, four large Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have been performed in record time delivering reliable data: (1) the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RCT included 60 hospitals participating all over the world and showed the efficacy of remdesivir in reducing the recovery time in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 pneumonia; (2) three large RCTs already completed, for hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively. In 2019, at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, at least 4 anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs were available and in use, with possible efficacy for COVID-19: hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, remdesivir and Lopinavir / Ritonavir. Remark 1 cited a number of systematic reviews, which however had selected only observational clinical studies that addressed the efficacy and side effects of the corticosteroid treatment of viral pneumonia from SARS, H1N1 influenza virus and MERS virus, but not from SARS-CoV-2 virus [31] [32] [33] [34] . abstract: BACKGROUND: On June 30, 2020, the WHO reported over 10 millions of COVID-19 cases worldwide with over half a million deaths. In severe cases the disease progresses into an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which in turn depends on an overproduction of cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-12, IL-8, CCL-2 and IL1) that causes alveolar and vascular lung damage. Clearly, it is essential to find an immunological treatment that controls the “cytokine storm”. In the meantime, however, it is essential to have effective antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs available immediately. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR COVID-19: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine have been widely adopted worldwide for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, the choice of this treatment was based on low quality of evidence, i.e. retrospective, non-randomized controlled studies. Recently, four large Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have been performed in record time delivering reliable data: (1) the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RCT included 60 hospitals participating all over the world and showed the efficacy of remdesivir in reducing the recovery time in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 pneumonia; (2) three large RCTs already completed, for hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively. These trials were done under the umbrella of the 'Recovery' project, headed by the University of Oxford. The project includes 176 participating hospitals in the UK and was set up to verify the efficacy of some of the treatments used for COVID-19. These three ‘Recovery’ RCTs concluded definitely: (a) that treatment with hydroxychloroquine provides no benefits in patients hospitalized with COVID-19; (b) that treatment with dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third in COVID-19 patients that were mechanically ventilated, and by one-fifth in patients receiving oxygen only; (c) that the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir is not effective in reducing mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of these four large RCTs have provided sound indications to doctors for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and prompted the correction of many institutional provisions and guidelines on COVID-19 treatments (i.e. FDA, NIH, UK Health Service, etc.). Even though a definitive treatment for COVID-19 has not yet been found, large RCTs stand as the Gold Standards for COVID-19 therapy and offer a solid scientific base on which to base treatment decisions. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-020-00132-7 doi: 10.1186/s12948-020-00132-7 id: cord-351085-t4rxu2hq author: Ortoleva, J. title: Intracranial Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on ECMO: Challenges and Future Directions date: 2020-06-09 words: 565.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351085-t4rxu2hq.txt summary: 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is occasionally being used to support COVID-19 patients refractory to optimal mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blockade, prone positioning, and inhaled pulmonary vasodilators. [2] [3] [4] The extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) has been releasing a set of regularly updated statistics for confirmed and possible COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO. 5 Among the most concerning findings in this data set is the rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): reported to be 28 of 457 cases, or 6.1%. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America In-Hospital Neurologic Complications in Adult Patients Undergoing Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Results From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Neurologic Injury in Adults Supported With Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure: Findings From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Database Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020305164 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.010 id: cord-034157-uif9xtvl author: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Anesthetic Considerations for Recovered COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-22 words: 1243.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034157-uif9xtvl.txt summary: Multiple considerations exist for anesthesiologists including residual pulmonary dysfunction, lingering sequelae of arterial and venous embolic phenomena with associated anti-coagulation, myocardial dysfunction, adrenal insufficiency from corticosteroid courses, neurologic manifestations, and residual neuromuscular weakness in the subset of critically ill patients. [2] [3] [4] Preliminary reports of patients recovering from COVID-19 find residual shortness of breath and deranged pulmonary function tests suggestive of restrictive lung disease. If surgery is time sensitive but not emergent (such as in malignancy), it is reasonable to obtain pulmonary function tests to classify residual lung pathology in order to guide intraoperative and potentially post-operative ventilator management. Due to a high likelihood of receiving steroid treatment, clinicians should consider the use of stress dose corticosteroids (100mg of hydrocortisone followed by 50mg every six hours) in patients recovered from COVID-19 if other, more common, causes of persistent hypotension are ruled out. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581371/ doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.10.032 id: cord-252328-ov4r3ple author: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-04-28 words: 482.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252328-ov4r3ple.txt summary: authors: Ortoleva, Jamel title: Consider Adjunctive Ketamine in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients 1 The predominant cause of critical illness and death in coronavirus patients is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 2 Another important cause which is frequently present with ARDS is cytokine storm can result in vasodilatory shock and multiorgan dysfunction. 4, 5 Anesthesiologists are in a unique position to blend a unique skill set of knowledge in mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic management, procedural expertise, and pharmacology to treat the most critically ill COVID-19 patients. 6 It would be exciting to study ketamine as part of a sedation regimen, in double blindrandomized fashion, for patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia (COVACTA) abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.037 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.037 id: cord-348249-zhfrgaxf author: Osborne, V. title: Systematic benefit-risk assessment for the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19: Establishing a framework for rapid decision-making date: 2020-05-12 words: 3919.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348249-zhfrgaxf.txt summary: Methods: The overall benefit-risk of the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments was assessed using the Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework. To date, whilst there have been many publications which have described the main effectiveness and safety concerns with these treatments, there has not been a systematic benefit-risk assessment on the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment using a structured descriptive framework. To examine the benefit-risk profile of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. The overall benefit-risk of the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments was assessed using the BRAT framework. Data were extracted for each benefit and risk, for hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and the comparator (standard of care, placebo or other treatments), where available. abstract: Objectives: Given the current pandemic, there is an urgent need to identify effective, safe treatments for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease). A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to strengthen the ongoing monitoring of the benefit-risk balance for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 treatment. Methods: The overall benefit-risk of the use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments was assessed using the Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to identify literature reporting clinical outcomes in patients taking chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. A value tree was constructed and key benefits and risks were ranked by two clinicians in order of considered importance. Results: Several potential key benefits and risks were identified for use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in COVID-19 treatment. For the benefit of virological clearance, three studies were identified. A significant risk difference (RD) between hydroxychloroquine and the comparator group (standard of care) was found for only one study (RD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.98). The risk difference was not significant for the other two studies (RD=-0.07, 95% CI:-0.75, 0.61 and RD=0.08, 95% CI:-0.74, 0.91). In addition, no significant risk difference between hydroxychloroquine and the comparator group (standard of care) was identified for the risk of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) (RD=0.07, 95% CI: -0.28, 0.41). Conclusions: Overall, no conclusion can be made on the benefit-risk profile of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments at this time. Whilst the availability of comparative data are limited, the current framework summarises the key anticipated benefits and risks. As further data from clinical trials and real world use on these benefits and risks becomes available, this can be incorporated into the framework for an ongoing benefit-risk assessment. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.07.20093989v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093989 id: cord-255204-3qruat3s author: Osborne, Vicki title: Lopinavir-Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Dynamic Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment date: 2020-06-23 words: 5268.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255204-3qruat3s.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based on currently available data, there was no clear benefit for the use of lopinavir-ritonavir compared to standard of care in severe COVID-19. Key benefits and risks were selected by clinician judgement, i.e. those considered to be of clinical importance or potentially serious, and included in the value tree, which provides a visual representation of these outcomes in the context of severe COVID-19 disease. Key benefits and risks associated with the use of LPVr were identified for inclusion in the value tree from available data sources, including the product information, regulatory assessment reports and published literature. Cases of acute kidney injury have been reported in patients taking LPVr in COVID-19; however, it is unclear whether there is any association, as this outcome was reported more frequently amongst patients in the standard of care comparator group [18] in addition to overall limited safety data availability. abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 is an ongoing, global public health crisis for which safe and effective treatments need to be identified. The benefit-risk balance for the use of lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 needs to be monitored on an ongoing basis, therefore a systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted. A key objective of this study was to provide a platform for a dynamic systematic benefit-risk evaluation; although initially this evaluation is likely to contain limited information, it is required because of the urgent unmet public need. Importantly, it allows additional data to be incorporated as they become available, and re-evaluation of the benefit-risk profile. METHODS: A systematic benefit-risk assessment was conducted using the Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework. The exposure of interest was lopinavir-ritonavir treatment in severe COVID-19 compared to standard of care, placebo or other treatments. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase to identify peer-reviewed papers reporting clinical outcomes. Two clinicians constructed a value tree and ranked key benefits and risks in order of considered clinical importance. RESULTS: We screened 143 papers from PubMed and 264 papers from Embase for lopinavir-ritonavir; seven papers were included in the final benefit-risk assessment. In comparison to standard of care, data for several key benefits and risks were identified for lopinavir-ritonavir. Time to clinical improvement was not significantly different for lopinavir-ritonavir in comparison to standard of care (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.80). From one study, there were fewer cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome with lopinavir-ritonavir compared with standard of care (13% vs 27%). There also appeared to be fewer serious adverse events with lopinavir-ritonavir (20%) vs standard of care (32%). Limited data were available for comparison of lopinavir-ritonavir to other treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Based on currently available data, there was no clear benefit for the use of lopinavir-ritonavir compared to standard of care in severe COVID-19. Risk data suggested a possible decrease in serious adverse events. There was a reduction in acute respiratory distress syndrome with lopinavir-ritonavir in one study. Overall, the benefit-risk profile for lopinavir-ritonavir in severe COVID-19 cannot be considered positive until further efficacy and effectiveness data become available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32578156/ doi: 10.1007/s40264-020-00966-9 id: cord-335792-1yjope1j author: Osho, Asishana A. title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America date: 2020-05-22 words: 2505.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335792-1yjope1j.txt summary: SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. In cases where respiratory failure is extreme enough to preclude adequate gas exchange despite patient optimization and optimal mechanical ventilation, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) may serve as an additional supportive therapy in our limited arsenal against COVID-19. Several absolute contraindications to ECMO cannulation in COVID-19 patients were identified including age >60 years, multisystem organ failure, active malignancy, pre-existing chronic cardiac, pulmonary (not including asthma) or hepatic disease, unknown or guarded neurologic status, and severe neutropenia (Absolute Neutrophil Count <1000/mm 3 ). abstract: SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. METHODS: As a major regional referral program, we used the framework of our well-established ECMO service-line to outline specific team structures, modified patient eligibility criteria, cannulation strategies, and management protocols for the COVID-19 ECMO program. RESULTS: During the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts, 6 patients were placed on VV ECMO for refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure. The median (interquartile range) age was 47 years (43–53) with most patients being male (83%) and obese (67%). All cannulations were performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit in patients who had undergone a trial of rescue therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome including lung protective ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, and inhaled nitric oxide. At the time of this report, 83% (5/6) of the patients are still alive with 1 death on ECMO, attributed to hemorrhagic stroke. 67% of patients (4/6) have been successfully decannulated, including 2 that have been successfully extubated and one who was discharged from the hospital. The median duration of VV ECMO therapy for patients who have been decannulated is 12 days (4–18 days). CONCLUSIONS: This is 1 the first case series describing VV ECMO outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our initial data suggest that VV ECMO can be successfully utilized in appropriately selected COVID-19 patients with advanced respiratory failure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32675503/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004084 id: cord-339968-s1kmipir author: Osier, Faith title: The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? date: 2020-09-10 words: 6123.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339968-s1kmipir.txt summary: Y.; Fraser, John; Lambrecht, Bart N.; Romano, Marta; Gazzinelli, Ricardo T.; Bortoluci, Karina R.; Zamboni, Dario S.; Akbar, Arne N.; Evans, Jennie; Brown, Doug E.; Patel, Kamala D.; Wu, Yuzhang; Perez, Ana B.; Pérez, Oliver; Kamradt, Thomas; Falk, Christine; Barda-Saad, Mira; Ariel, Amiram; Santoni, Angela; Annunziato, Francesco; Cassatella, Marco A.; Kiyono, Hiroshi; Chereshnev, Valeriy; Dieye, Alioune; Mbow, Moustapha; Mbengue, Babacar; Niang, Maguette D. Efforts included writing to President Donald Trump and Congressional leaders urging that they heed the advice of scientific/public health leaders, including AAI member Anthony Fauci 3 ; writing to National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis Collins requesting justification for terminating an NIH-funded grant focusing on understanding the risk of bat coronavirus emergence 4 ; advocating supplemental funding for federal science agencies, including the NIH, for pandemic-related research losses and additional trainee support; and issuing a statement opposing actions taken by the Trump administration that will damage international scientific collaboration 5 . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 id: cord-283173-s3nb11je author: Osman, Jennifer title: Rapid screening of COVID‐19 patients by White blood cells scattergrams, a study on 381 patients date: 2020-06-15 words: 1383.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283173-s3nb11je.txt summary: We identified a specific "sandglass" aspect on the white blood cells scattergram of COVID‐19 patients reflecting the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes. CBC analyzers such as SYSMEX ® (Japan), provide a white blood cells (WBC) differential fluorescence (WDF) scattergram, displaying a classification of WBC based on their morphology and their intracellular components. Patients admitted at Versailles Hospital suspected of having COVID-19 were eligible if symptoms were present for 3 or more days and if RT-PCR and a chest CT were performed (Supplementary This observation was reinforced by the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes on blood smears from patients with COVID-19 whereas large hyperbasophilic lymphocytes, normally seen in other viral infections, were absent Complete characteristics of patients are reported in Table 1 . Based on this retrospective study, we conclude that WDF analysis can be implemented during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to quickly categorize symptomatic patients as either COVID-19 probable or improbable, depending on the presence of the plasmacytoid lymphocytes cluster on their scattergram. abstract: Complementary tools are warranted to increase the sensitivity of the initial testing for COVID‐19. We identified a specific “sandglass” aspect on the white blood cells scattergram of COVID‐19 patients reflecting the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Patients were dichotomized as COVID‐19 positive or negative based on RT‐PCR and chest CT scan results. Sensitivity and specificity of the “sandglass” aspect were 85.9% and 83.5% respectively. The positive predictive value was 94.3%. Our findings provide a non‐invasive and simple tool to quickly categorize symptomatic patients as either COVID‐19 probable or improbable especially when RT‐PCR and/or chest CT are not rapidly available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542672/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16943 id: cord-260852-u0gpklj7 author: Osman, Mohammed title: Impaired natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 words: 2270.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260852-u0gpklj7.txt summary: We recently postulated that the inflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19 disease is not inhibited by natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in a "cytokine storm." Here, we assessed the NK-cell functional activity and the associated cytokines and soluble mediators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 6, 7 Rapid activation of the innate immune system accompanied by an aggressive inflammatory response, associated with a surge in many proinflammatory cytokines, has been reported, especially in patients developing severe manifestations of COVID-19. 5, 8 This "hypercytokinemia" or "cytokine storm" is thought to be driving the COVID-19-related ARDS, 5, 8 and associated hyperferritinemia is reminiscent of macrophage-activation syndrome (MAS) or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH; sHLH). 5, 32 Here, we describe impaired NK-cell cytolytic activity associated with a loss of cytokines important in NK-cell stimulation in severe COVID-19 patients. 33 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that reduced NK-cell counts and impaired cytolytic activity are important characteristics associated with severe COVID-19-related hyperinflammation. abstract: The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–driven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused unprecedented human death and has seriously threatened the global economy. Early data suggest a surge in proinflammatory cytokines in patients with severe COVID-19, which has been associated with poor outcomes. We recently postulated that the inflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19 disease is not inhibited by natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in a “cytokine storm.” Here, we assessed the NK-cell functional activity and the associated cytokines and soluble mediators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Significantly impaired NK-cell counts and cytolytic activity were observed in COVID-19 patients when compared with healthy controls. Also, cytokines like interleukin 12 (IL12), IL15, and IL21 that are important for NK-cell activity were not detected systematically. Serum concentrations of soluble CD25 (sCD25)/soluble IL2 receptor α (sIL2-Rα) were significantly elevated and were inversely correlated with the percentage of NK cells. Impaired NK-cell cytolytic activity together with other laboratory trends including elevated sCD25 were consistent with a hyperinflammatory state in keeping with macrophage-activation syndrome. Our findings suggest that impaired counts and cytolytic activity of NK cells are important characteristics of severe COVID-19 and can potentially facilitate strategies for immunomodulatory therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33075136/ doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002650 id: cord-269197-o9xb30vx author: Osserman, Jordan title: Waiting for other people: a psychoanalytic interpretation of the time for action date: 2020-06-10 words: 4171.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269197-o9xb30vx.txt summary: Similarly, when coronavirus forces us to confront the brute fact of the lack in the Other at the socio-political level, we have the opportunity to discover a space for acting rather than continuing symptomatic behaviour that increasingly fails to work. From Boris Johnson boasting that he was shaking hands with COVID-19 patients before contracting the virus (The Guardian, 2020); to the government denying that it promoted ''herd immunity'' (Walker, 2020) ; to cabinet ministers openly contradicting WHO guidance in order to obscure the government''s failure to procure adequate testing, hospital equipment, and PPE (ITV News, 2020) -it has become clear that there no longer exists a stable authority upon whose pronouncements we can rely (see especially recent exposes in the Guardian [Conn et al., 2020] and Sunday Times [Calvert et al., 2020] ). In both cases, however, different kinds of suspended time produce an opportunity for the subject to consider her own agency in relation to the lack in the big Other. abstract: Typical responses to a confrontation with failures in authority, or what Lacanians term ‘the lack in the Other’, involve attempts to shore it up. A patient undergoing psychoanalysis eventually faces the impossibility of doing this successfully; the Other will always be lacking. This creates a space through which she can reimagine how she might intervene in her suffering. Similarly, when coronavirus forces us to confront the brute fact of the lack in the Other at the socio-political level, we have the opportunity to discover a space for acting rather than continuing symptomatic behaviour that increasingly fails to work. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32832702/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15959.1 id: cord-266242-d4fo3lsn author: Ostapenko, A. title: Impacts on Surgery Resident Education at a first wave COVID-19 epicenter date: 2020-08-18 words: 3083.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266242-d4fo3lsn.txt summary: Background: This study aims to identify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical resident training and education at Danbury Hospital. Methods: We conducted an observational study at a Western Connecticut hospital heavily affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess its effects on surgical residents, focusing on surgical education, clinical experience, and operative skills development. However, the consequent opportunity cost was to surgery-specific training; there was a significant decrease in operative cases and time spent in surgical didactics, along with elevated concern about overall preparedness for their intended career. 16.20176073 doi: medRxiv preprint For clinical experience, we compared the number of duty hours logged by residents during the period of interest with the same time in 2019, and calculated a gross difference and percent change. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.16.20176073 doi: medRxiv preprint affect residency programs across the country with changes to clinical work, didactics, and operative experience of surgical residents. abstract: Background: This study aims to identify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical resident training and education at Danbury Hospital. Methods: We conducted an observational study at a Western Connecticut hospital heavily affected by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to assess its effects on surgical residents, focusing on surgical education, clinical experience, and operative skills development. Objective data was available through recorded work hours, case logs, and formal didactics. In addition, we created an anonymous survey to assess resident perception of their residency experience during the pandemic. Results: There are 22 surgical residents at our institution; all were included in the study. Resident weekly duty hours decreased by 23.9 hours with the majority of clinical time redirected to caring for COVID-19 patients. Independent studying increased by 1.6 hours (26.2%) while weekly didactics decreased by 2.1 hours (35.6%). The operative volume per resident decreased by 65.7% from 35.0 to 12.0 cases for the period of interest, with a disproportionately high effect on junior residents, who experienced a 76.2% decrease. Unsurprisingly, 70% of residents reported a negative effect of the pandemic on their surgical skills. Conclusions: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical residents' usual workflows changed dramatically, as much of their time was dedicated to the critical care of patients with COVID-19. However, the consequent opportunity cost was to surgery-specific training; there was a significant decrease in operative cases and time spent in surgical didactics, along with elevated concern about overall preparedness for their intended career. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.16.20176073 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.16.20176073 id: cord-262119-s6hc7fxs author: Ostaszewski, Marek title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms date: 2020-10-27 words: 12332.0 sentences: 742.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262119-s6hc7fxs.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms The molecular pathophysiology that links SARS-CoV-2 infection to the clinical manifestations and course of COVID-19 is complex and spans multiple biological pathways, cell types and organs [2, 3] . With this goal in mind, we initiated a collaborative effort involving over 230 biocurators, domain experts, modelers and data analysts from 120 institutions in 30 countries to develop the COVID-19 Disease Map, an open-access collection of curated computational diagrams and models of molecular mechanisms implicated in the disease [4] . The COVID-19 Disease Map diagrams, available in layout-aware systems biology formats and integrated with external repositories, are available in several formats allowing a range of computational analyses, including network analysis and Boolean, kinetic or multiscale simulations. COVID-19 Disease Map, building a computational repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms abstract: We hereby describe a large-scale community effort to build an open-access, interoperable, and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms - the COVID-19 Disease Map. We discuss the tools, platforms, and guidelines necessary for the distributed development of its contents by a multi-faceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians, and computational biologists. We highlight the role of relevant databases and text mining approaches in enrichment and validation of the curated mechanisms. We describe the contents of the map and their relevance to the molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the analytical and computational modelling approaches that can be applied to the contents of the COVID-19 Disease Map for mechanistic data interpretation and predictions. We conclude by demonstrating concrete applications of our work through several use cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.26.356014 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.26.356014 id: cord-338795-eewr8ynb author: Oster, Alexandra M. title: Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, April–September 2020 date: 2020-10-16 words: 1192.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338795-eewr8ynb.txt summary: CDC works with other federal agencies to identify counties with increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspots) and offers support to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1) . CDC works with other federal agencies to identify counties with increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspots) and offers support to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1) . The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission.* CDC analyzed temporal trends in percent positivity by age group in COVID-19 hotspot counties before and after their identification as hotspots. The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission.* CDC analyzed temporal trends in percent positivity by age group in COVID-19 hotspot counties before and after their identification as hotspots. abstract: CDC works with other federal agencies to identify counties with increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspots) and offers support to state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). Understanding whether increasing incidence in hotspot counties is predominantly occurring in specific age groups is important for identifying opportunities to prevent or reduce transmission. The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission.* CDC analyzed temporal trends in percent positivity by age group in COVID-19 hotspot counties before and after their identification as hotspots. Among 767 hotspot counties identified during June and July 2020, early increases in the percent positivity among persons aged ≤24 years were followed by several weeks of increasing percent positivity in persons aged ≥25 years. Addressing transmission among young adults is an urgent public health priority. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33056949/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6941e1 id: cord-352930-onf61i2r author: Ostermann, Marlies title: What every Intensivist should know about COVID-19 associated acute kidney injury date: 2020-07-28 words: 2534.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352930-onf61i2r.txt summary: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in critically ill patients with COVID-19 with a reported incidence ranging from <5% to >25%. Despite initial reports, acute kidney injury (AKI) has emerged as a serious complication in critically ill patients with COVID19 . In a post-mortem case series including 26 COVID-19 patients from China, the predominant kidney histology in 9 patients with AKI was acute tubular injury, erythrocyte aggregation in peritubular capillaries, segmental fibrin thrombi in glomeruli, direct viral infection of tubular epithelium and podocytes, and infiltration of inflammatory cells [11] . Effect of early vs delayed initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: The ELAIN Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in critically ill patients with COVID-19 with a reported incidence ranging from <5% to >25%. Proposed aetiologies include hypovolemia, hemodynamic disturbance and inflammation but also specific factors like direct viral invasion, microvascular thrombosis, and altered regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. To date, there are no confirmed specific therapies, and prevention and management of AKI should follow established guidelines. Novel therapies specifically targeting COVID-19 related pathologies are under investigation. The incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is variable, ranging from 0-37%. In a pandemic, RRT practice is likely to be determined by the number of patients, availability of machines, consumables and staff, clinical expertise, and acceptable alternatives. Close collaboration between critical care and renal services is essential. In this article, we describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19 associated AKI, outline current management and suggest strategies to provide RRT during a pandemic when resources may be scarce. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883944120306274 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.023 id: cord-355484-2igc5wzx author: Oteo, J. A. title: A short therapeutic regimen based on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with non-severe disease. A strategy associated with a reduction in hospital admissions and complications. date: 2020-06-12 words: 3374.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355484-2igc5wzx.txt summary: With the aim of diminishing the impact in Hospital admissions and reducing the number of medical complications, we implemented a strategy based on a Hospital Home-Care Unit (HHCU) using an easy-to-use treatment based on an oral administration regimen outside the hospital with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plus azithromycin (AZM) for a short period of 5 days. Patients and methods: Patients [≥] 18 years old visiting the emergency room at the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logrono (La Rioja) between March, 31st and April, 12th diagnosed with COVID-19 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a specific PCR, as follows: Patients with pneumonia (CURB [≤] 1) who did not present severe comorbidities and had no processes that contraindicated this therapeutic regime. Here we present the results of this observational study (our strategy), which, although carried out in patients with mild COVID-19, seems to be safe, associated with a reduction in the burden of hospital pressure, and probably very successful in terms of the number of patients who have developed serious complications and / or death. abstract: The new SARS-CoV-2 infection named COVID-19 has severely hit our Health System. At the time of writing this paper no medical therapy is officially recommended or has shown results in improving the outcomes in COVID-19 patients. With the aim of diminishing the impact in Hospital admissions and reducing the number of medical complications, we implemented a strategy based on a Hospital Home-Care Unit (HHCU) using an easy-to-use treatment based on an oral administration regimen outside the hospital with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) plus azithromycin (AZM) for a short period of 5 days. Patients and methods: Patients [≥] 18 years old visiting the emergency room at the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logrono (La Rioja) between March, 31st and April, 12th diagnosed with COVID-19 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a specific PCR, as follows: Patients with pneumonia (CURB [≤] 1) who did not present severe comorbidities and had no processes that contraindicated this therapeutic regime. Olygosimptomatic patients without pneumonia aged [≥] 55 years. Patients [≥] 18 years old without pneumonia with significant comorbidities. We excluded patients with known allergies to some of the antimicrobials used and patients treated with other drugs that increase the QTc or with QTc >450msc. The therapeutic regime was: HCQ 400 mg every twice in a loading dose followed by 200 mg twice for 5 days, plus AZM 500 mg on the first day followed by 250 mg daily for 5 days. A daily telephone follow-up was carried out from the hospital by the same physician. The end-points of our study were: 1.- To measure the need for hospital admission within 15 days after the start of treatment. 2.- To measure the need to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 15 days after the start of the treatment. 3.- To describe the severity of the clinical complications developed. 4.- To measure the mortality within 30 days after starting treatment (differentiating if the cause is COVID-19 or something else). 5.-To describe the safety and adverse effects of the therapeutic regime. Results: During the 13 days studied a total of 502 patients were attended in the emergency room due to COVID-19. Forty-two were sent at home; 80 were attended by the HHCU (patients on this study) and 380 were admitted to the Hospital. In our series there were a group of 69 (85.18%) patients diagnosed with pneumonia (37 males and 32 females). Most of them, 57 (82.60%) had a CURB65 score of <1 (average age 49) and 12 (17.40%) a CURB score of 1 (average age 63). Eighteen (22.50%) of the pneumonia patients also had some morbidity as a risk factor. 11 patients (13.75%) without pneumonia were admitted to the HHCU because comorbidities or age [≥] 55 years. Six patients with pneumonia had to be hospitalized during the observation period, 3 of them because side effects and 3 because of worsening. One of these patients, with morbid obesity and asthma, had clinical worsening needing mechanical ventilation at ICU and developed acute distress respiratory syndrome. With the exception of the patient admitted to the ICU, the rest of the patients were discharged at home in the following 8 days (3 to 8 days). Twelve patients (15%), 11 of whom had pneumonia, experienced side effects affecting mainly the digestive. In another patient a QTc interval prolongation (452 msc) was observed. In total 3 of these patients had to be admitted in the Hospital, 2 because of vomiting and 1 because a QTc interval lengthening. None of the patients needed to stop the HCQ or AZM and all the 80 patients finished the therapeutic strategy. From the group without pneumonia only a patient developed diarrhea that did not require hospitalization or stop the medication. Conclusions: Our strategy has been associated with a reduction in the burden of hospital pressure, and it seems to be successful in terms of the number of patients who have developed serious complications and / or death. None of the patients died in the studied period and only 6 have to be admitted in conventional hospitalization area. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.10.20101105v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.20101105 id: cord-292835-zzc1a7id author: Otoom, Mwaffaq title: An IoT-based Framework for Early Identification and Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases date: 2020-08-15 words: 5253.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292835-zzc1a7id.txt summary: The proposed system would employ an Internet of Things (IoTs) framework to collect real-time symptom data from users to early identify suspected coronaviruses cases, to monitor the treatment response of those who have already recovered from the virus, and to understand the nature of the virus by collecting and analyzing relevant data. To quickly identify potential coronaviruses cases from this real-time symptom data, this work proposes eight machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Decision Table, Decision Stump, OneR, and ZeroR. Based on these results we believe that real-time symptom data would allow these five algorithms to provide effective and accurate identification of potential cases of COVID-19, and the framework would then document the treatment response for each patient who has contracted the virus. The proposed framework consists of five main components: (1) real-time symptom data collection (using wearable devices), (2) treatment and outcome records from quarantine/isolation centers, (3) a data analysis center that uses machine learning algorithms, (4) healthcare physicians, and (5) a cloud infrastructure. abstract: The world has been facing the challenge of COVID-19 since the end of 2019. It is expected that the world will need to battle the COVID-19 pandemic with precautious measures, until an effective vaccine is developed. This paper proposes a real-time COVID-19 detection and monitoring system. The proposed system would employ an Internet of Things (IoTs) framework to collect real-time symptom data from users to early identify suspected coronaviruses cases, to monitor the treatment response of those who have already recovered from the virus, and to understand the nature of the virus by collecting and analyzing relevant data. The framework consists of five main components: Symptom Data Collection and Uploading (using wearable sensors), Quarantine/Isolation Center, Data Analysis Center (that uses machine learning algorithms), Health Physicians, and Cloud Infrastructure. To quickly identify potential coronaviruses cases from this real-time symptom data, this work proposes eight machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Decision Table, Decision Stump, OneR, and ZeroR. An experiment was conducted to test these eight algorithms on a real COVID-19 symptom dataset, after selecting the relevant symptoms. The results show that five of these eight algorithms achieved an accuracy of more than 90%. Based on these results we believe that real-time symptom data would allow these five algorithms to provide effective and accurate identification of potential cases of COVID-19, and the framework would then document the treatment response for each patient who has contracted the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834831/ doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102149 id: cord-283246-dj7teo89 author: Otsuka, Ryo title: Macrophage activation syndrome and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 3224.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283246-dj7teo89.txt summary: Still, it is possible that the causative virus for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, infect with particular types of cells such as endothelial vessels in the lung, or alveolar wall or macrophages. MAS is typified by markedly upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is called "cytokine storm." Without any therapeutic intervention, this strong inflammation results in severe tissue injury and, ultimately, patient death. Thus, the commencement of local inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection activates macrophages at that site, spreading rapidly to the entire lung, possibly due to the abundant expression of virus entry receptors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 [36] . Severe cases of COVID-19 are often observed with ARDS, representing the MAS-like clinical and laboratory features. The role of cytokines including interleukin-6 in COVID-19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome-like disease Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in abstract: An emerging, rapidly spreading coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is causing a devastating pandemic. As we have not developed curative medicine and effective vaccine, the end of this life-threatening infectious disease is still unclear. Severe COVID-19 is often associated with hypercytokinemia, which is typically found in macrophage activation syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes this strong inflammation within the lung and propagates to respiratory and, ultimately, systemic organ malfunction. Although we have not fully understood the physiological and pathological aspects of COVID-19, current research progress indicates the effectiveness of anti-cytokine therapy. Here, we summarize macrophage activation syndrome and its possible contribution to COVID-19, and cytokine targeted attempts in severe COVID-19 cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-020-00131-w doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00131-w id: cord-307574-vmik4neu author: Ottaviani, S. title: Lung ultrasonography in patients with COVID-19: comparison with CT date: 2020-08-12 words: 2544.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307574-vmik4neu.txt summary: Abstract Aim To determine whether findings from lung ultrasound and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlate when evaluating COVID-19 pulmonary involvement. The number of areas (0–12) with B-lines and/or consolidations was evaluated using ultrasound and compared to the percentage and classification (absent or limited, <10%; moderate, 10–25%; extensive, 25–50%; severe, 50–75%; critical, >75%) of lung involvement on chest HRCT. Results Data were analysed for 21 patients with COVID-19 (median [range] age 65 [37–90] years, 76% male) and excellent correlation was found between the ultrasound score for B-lines and the classification (p<0.01) and percentage of lung involvement on chest HRCT (r=0.935, p<0.001). Conclusion The present study suggests that among COVID-19 patients, lung ultrasound and HRCT findings agree in quantifying lung involvement and oxygen parameters. The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of lung ultrasound for COVID-19 diagnosis by investigating the correlation between ultrasound and chest HRCT findings. abstract: Abstract Aim To determine whether findings from lung ultrasound and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) correlate when evaluating COVID-19 pulmonary involvement. Materials and methods The present prospective single-centre study included consecutive symptomatic patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-proven COVID-19 who were not in the intensive care unit. All patients were assessed using HRCT and ultrasound of the lungs by distinct operators blinded to each other’s findings. The number of areas (0–12) with B-lines and/or consolidations was evaluated using ultrasound and compared to the percentage and classification (absent or limited, <10%; moderate, 10–25%; extensive, 25–50%; severe, 50–75%; critical, >75%) of lung involvement on chest HRCT. Results Data were analysed for 21 patients with COVID-19 (median [range] age 65 [37–90] years, 76% male) and excellent correlation was found between the ultrasound score for B-lines and the classification (p<0.01) and percentage of lung involvement on chest HRCT (r=0.935, p<0.001). In addition, the ultrasound score correlated positively with supplemental oxygen therapy (r=0.45, p=0.041) and negatively with minimal oxygen saturation at ambient air (r=–0.652, p<0.01). Conclusion The present study suggests that among COVID-19 patients, lung ultrasound and HRCT findings agree in quantifying lung involvement and oxygen parameters. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, lung ultrasound could be a relevant alternative to chest HRCT. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009926020303111 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.024 id: cord-348535-tvs1snq8 author: Ottaviani, Silvia title: What is the best drug to treat COVID-19? The need for randomized controlled trials date: 2020-05-19 words: 1410.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348535-tvs1snq8.txt summary: For example, we have observed 11 that use of baricitinib for 10 days is associated with viral rebound in nasopharyngeal swabs in rapidly recovered and discharged patients, and thus have recommended longer use in the large randomised studies in which it is included, and we suggest again that comparisons between different therapies or placebo are likely to yield more informative results than randomised studies comparing 10 days of intravenous remdesevir with 5 days (https://benevolent.ai/news/potential-treatment-for-covid-19-identified-by-benevolentai-usingartificial-intelligence-enters-clinical-testing And https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-begins-clinical-testingtherapies-covid-19). With this in mind, we thoroughly congratulate the authors from Guangzhou, China, who successfully randomised 86 individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a 2:2:1 design, to either lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol (a broad spectrum viral infusion inhibitor 12 ) or placebo (NCT04252885). In the continuing search for safe and effective new therapies to treat patients with COVID-19, we require well-conducted ethical studies including prospective, randomised, placebocontrolled clinical studies such as this. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the biggest public health challenge to the biomedical community of the last century. Despite multiple public health measures,1, 2, 3 there remains an urgent need for pharmacologic therapies to treat infected patients, minimize mortality, and decrease pressures on intensive care units and health systems and optimally, they should also decrease subsequent transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666634020300027 doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.04.002 id: cord-315287-vut5ayc2 author: Otto, Catherine M title: Heartbeat: Heart disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 973.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315287-vut5ayc2.txt summary: (table 1) In the accompanying editorial, Cheng and Leedy 2 discuss the likely pathophysiology of myocardial injury in patient with COVID-19 infection including unmasking of underlying cardiovascular disease, coronary plaque rupture and cytokine release syndrome. '' The association between CVD, myocardial injury and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection was explored further in a systematic review and metaanalysis by Li and colleagues 5 that included 10 studies with a total of over 3000 patients with COVID-19 infection. Other articles recently published in print or online first in Heart related to COVID-19 infection include a review article on cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations, 10 a short commentary on the effectiveness of masks based on previous experience with air pollution 11 and a discussion of management of patients with adult congenital heart disease 12 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317674 doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317674 id: cord-343969-9nec3lj8 author: Otugo, Onyeka title: COVID-19: The Additional Sentence for the Incarcerated date: 2020-09-30 words: 1750.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343969-9nec3lj8.txt summary: Some individuals and organizations advocate for a mandatory release of the incarcerated who are not deemed a risk to the general population, whereas others advocate for improving health care in jails and prisons. Given the inadequate health care delivery system for the incarcerated, some view keeping the incarcerated in prisons and jails during the COVID-19 pandemic as an extension of their existing sentence. A proposed solution is the reduction of incarcerated people in jails and prisons to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Recently, the Committee for Public Counsel Services and the Massachusetts Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers filed an emergency petition that calls for the reduction of the number of incarcerated individuals through limiting those who will be taken into custody and releasing those who would be considered high risk for contracting COVID-19, those toward the end of their sentence, and those who do not pose a significant risk to the general population. abstract: Incarcerated people are one of the most vulnerable populations during the coronavirus pandemic. There are varying perspectives regarding how to address the health care barriers seen in this population. Some individuals and organizations advocate for a mandatory release of the incarcerated who are not deemed a risk to the general population, whereas others advocate for improving health care in jails and prisons. This article highlights the importance of addressing access to care issues, overcrowding, societal implications, and access to hygienics for the incarcerated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and solutions forward. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015519/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0017 id: cord-268937-j2ov5nes author: Otuonye, N. M. title: CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY date: 2020-09-24 words: 2918.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268937-j2ov5nes.txt summary: This study was designed to provide a larger description of the clinical characteristics of patients presenting to an isolation centre in Lagos, Nigeria and confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 by real time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Other possible reasons proposed for the increased susceptibility of men to COVID-19 include biological reasons such as a higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE 2, a reception coronaviruses) in males than females; and behavioural reasons -higher levels of smoking and drinking in men, and irresponsible attitude, reviewed by [25] The results of this study suggest that older adults are more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and be more susceptible to develop the severe disease, a trend that may be due to the reduced immunity in older adults. In conclusion, this study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. In conclusion, this study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving global situation, infecting over 25 million people and causing more than 850,000 deaths. Several signs and symptoms have been described to be characteristic of the disease. However, there is a dearth of report on the description of the clinical characteristics of the disease in patients from Nigeria. This study was designed to provide a description of the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Methods: This study is a case series that includes patients that are evaluated between June and August 30, 2020, and diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient health records were reviewed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics on presentation. Results: A total of 154 COVID-19 patients were included in this study, with a mean age (S.D.) of 46.16 (13.701). Most of the patients survived (mortality rate of 2.6%), and were symptomatic (89.6%). There were more males (74.7%) than females, and the most common symptoms were fever, breathing difficulty, dry cough and malaise. Co-morbidities were also present in almost half of the study participants (49.4%). Conclusion: This study presents the most extensive description, to date, on the clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Males are more likely than females to be infected with COVID-19 and the most occurring symptoms are fever, breathing difficulty, malaise, dry cough and chest pain. Old age and the presence of co-morbidities may also be associated with developing the severe disease. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Signs, Symptoms, Nigeria. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.15.20195412 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195412 id: cord-301771-43fl2gwp author: Ouassou, Hayat title: The Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation and Prevention date: 2020-07-10 words: 3866.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301771-43fl2gwp.txt summary: The causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the World Health Organization (WHO) named the new epidemic disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Several coronaviruses can infect humans, like the globally endemic human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43 that tend to cause mild respiratory disease, and the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that have a higher case fatality rate [2] . After the diagnosis of SARS-Cov2 infection was made, the prevention and quarantine are considered as the most way to stop the fast spreading of the virus, because there is no effective vaccine, drugs, or antiviral to prevent and treat this disease despite the great efforts made by the scientists and researchers around the world to develop vaccines and treatments of coronavirus. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health problem causing severe acute respiratory illness in humans. It has spread rapidly around the globe since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the World Health Organization (WHO) named the new epidemic disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The incidence of COVID-19 continues to increase with more than three million confirmed cases and over 244,000 deaths worldwide. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine against COVID-19. Therefore, in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, the implementation of precautions and hygienic measures will be essential to control and to minimize human transmission of the virus. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, and treatment of this disease, as well as future strategies to manage the spread of this fatal coronavirus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671115/ doi: 10.1155/2020/1357983 id: cord-263435-rclo9jv4 author: Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad title: Letter: Neurosurgical Patients’ Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center date: 2020-05-01 words: 583.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263435-rclo9jv4.txt summary: title: Letter: Neurosurgical Patients'' Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic—An Institutional Report From an African Neurosurgical Center At the first stage of the disease spread, the Salé regional hospital was designated for all COVID-19 admissions. The Oto-Neuro-Ophtalmology hospital, considered as an off-site hospital, was assigned to manage all non-COVID patients with urgent neurosurgical pathology. Patients were either admitted directly, if belonging to the Rabat-Salé region (direct admission), or referred from regional hospitals (indirect admission). To date, while achieving a regular surgical load (12 surgeries a week), only 1 case of a confirmed COVID-19 patient escaped the algorithm. Effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: perspectives from the Bergamo Neurosurgery Department Letter: the coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic: a neurosurgical treatment algorithm Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32355949/ doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa182 id: cord-299501-07echrdh author: Ould Setti, M. title: Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data date: 2020-10-12 words: 3237.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299501-07echrdh.txt summary: title: Social Distancing with Movement Restrictions and the Effective Replication Number of COVID-19: Multi-Country Analysis Based on Phone Mobility Data Background Linking phone mobility data to the effective replication number (Rt) could help evaluation of the impact of social distancing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread and estimate the time lag (TL) needed for the effect of movement restrictions to appear. Methods We used a time-series analysis to discover how patterns of five indicators of mobility data relate to changes in Rt of 125 countries distributed over three groups based on Rt-mobility correlation. Whether or not this paradoxical effect is due to biased mobility data or to residential community spread, we confirmed the observation with the results of the mixed models regarding SI and Rt. Undoubtedly, also factors other than social distancing and restriction measures, such as the non-compliance with hygiene measures [26] or the lack of public trust in their government [27] , can affect Rt. is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background Linking phone mobility data to the effective replication number (Rt) could help evaluation of the impact of social distancing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread and estimate the time lag (TL) needed for the effect of movement restrictions to appear. Methods We used a time-series analysis to discover how patterns of five indicators of mobility data relate to changes in Rt of 125 countries distributed over three groups based on Rt-mobility correlation. Group 1 included 71 countries in which Rt correlates negatively with residential and positively with other mobility indicators. Group 2 included 25 countries showing an opposite correlation pattern to Group 1. Group 3 included the 29 remaining countries. We chose the best-fit TL based on forecast and linear regression models. We used linear mixed models to evaluate how mobility indicators and the stringency index (SI) relate with Rt. SI reflects the strictness of governmental responses to COVID-19. Results With a median of 14 days, TLs varied across countries as well as across groups of countries. There was a strong negative correlation between SI and Rt in most countries belonging to Group 1 as opposed to Group 2. SI (units of 10%) associated with decreasing Rt in Group 1 [{beta} -0.15, 95% CI -0.15 - (-0.14)] and Group 3 [-0.05, -0.07 - (-0.03)], whereas, in Group 2, SI associated with increasing Rt (0.13, 0.11 - 0.16). Conclusion Mobile phone mobility data could contribute evaluations of the impact of social distancing with movement restrictions on the spread of the COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209064 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209064 id: cord-344136-k5gh0s6y author: Ouyang, Lichen title: Association of acute kidney injury with the severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-09-02 words: 2410.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344136-k5gh0s6y.txt summary: RESULTS: In 41 studies with 10,335 COVID-19 patients, the serum creatinine (sCr) in severe cases was much higher than that in non-severe cases (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39), with a similar trend for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), hematuria (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.19), and proteinuria (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.58–5.38). Pooled analysis of four studies among 792 COVID-19 patients revealed that the incidence of AKI was statistically higher in non-survival group (30.72%) compared with survival group Our meta-analysis including 14094 subjects from 52 studies explored the potential relationship between renal impairment as well as AKI and the clinical outcome J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (severity and mortality) of COVID-19 patients. Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: we aimed to explore the relationship of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, MedRxiv Database. We compared the laboratory indicators of renal impairment and incidences of AKI in the severe versus non-severe cases, and survival versus non-survival cases, respectively. RESULTS: In 41 studies with 10,335 COVID-19 patients, the serum creatinine (sCr) in severe cases was much higher than that in non-severe cases (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39), with a similar trend for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), hematuria (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.19), and proteinuria (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.58–5.38). The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly in severe cases compared with non-severe cases (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: −0.67–0.23). Moreover, the pooled OR of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and AKI prevalence for severe vs. non-severe cases was 12.99 (95%CI: 4.03–41.89) and 13.16 (95%CI: 10.16–17.05), respectively. Additionally, 11 studies with 3759 COVID-19 patients were included for analysis of disease mortality. The results showed the levels of sCr and BUN in non-survival cases remarkably elevated compared with survival patients, respectively (SMD = 0.97, SMD = 1.49). The pooled OR of CRRT and AKI prevalence for non-survival vs. survival cases was 31.51 (95%CI: 6.55–151.59) and 77.48 (95%CI: 24.52–244.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: AKI is closely related with severity and mortality of COVID-19, which gives awareness for doctors to pay more attention for risk screening, early identification and timely treatment of AKI. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046323/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.089 id: cord-129728-fpoqjmes author: Ouyang, Xi title: Dual-Sampling Attention Network for Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia date: 2020-05-06 words: 6602.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-129728-fpoqjmes.txt summary: To this end, we develop a dual-sampling attention network to automatically diagnose COVID19 from the community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in chest computed tomography (CT). In particular, we propose a novel online attention module with a 3D convolutional network (CNN) to focus on the infection regions in lungs when making decisions of diagnoses. Considering the need of high-throughput screening by chest CT and the workload for radiologists especially in the outbreak, we design a deep-learning-based method to automatically diagnose COVID-19 infection from the community acquired pneumonia (CAP) infection. In this situation, the conventional uniform sampling on the entire dataset to train the network could lead to unsatisfactory diagnosis performance, especially concerning the limited cases of COVID-19 with small infections and also the limited cases of CAP with large infections. • We propose a dual-sampling strategy to train the network, which further alleviates the imbalanced distribution of the sizes of pneumonia infection regions. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading all over the world, and has infected more than 1,436,000 people in more than 200 countries and territories as of April 9, 2020. Detecting COVID-19 at early stage is essential to deliver proper healthcare to the patients and also to protect the uninfected population. To this end, we develop a dual-sampling attention network to automatically diagnose COVID- 19 from the community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in chest computed tomography (CT). In particular, we propose a novel online attention module with a 3D convolutional network (CNN) to focus on the infection regions in lungs when making decisions of diagnoses. Note that there exists imbalanced distribution of the sizes of the infection regions between COVID-19 and CAP, partially due to fast progress of COVID-19 after symptom onset. Therefore, we develop a dual-sampling strategy to mitigate the imbalanced learning. Our method is evaluated (to our best knowledge) upon the largest multi-center CT data for COVID-19 from 8 hospitals. In the training-validation stage, we collect 2186 CT scans from 1588 patients for a 5-fold cross-validation. In the testing stage, we employ another independent large-scale testing dataset including 2796 CT scans from 2057 patients. Results show that our algorithm can identify the COVID-19 images with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.944, accuracy of 87.5%, sensitivity of 86.9%, specificity of 90.1%, and F1-score of 82.0%. With this performance, the proposed algorithm could potentially aid radiologists with COVID-19 diagnosis from CAP, especially in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.02690v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-311171-5n1aqrpa author: Ovejero, Santiago title: Coronovirus infection as a novel delusional topic date: 2020-05-08 words: 671.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311171-5n1aqrpa.txt summary: Thus, the current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly reached delusional themes in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we present the clinical case of a Spanish woman with bipolar disorder that included coronavirus infection in her delusional themes even faster than the real infection reached mainland Spain. The current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic, expanded to 213 countries over the world with 2,810,325 confirmed cases and 193,825 deaths by April 27 (World Health Organization, 2020), represents the most critical global crisis in recent years and will probably have a social and psychological impact in all our lives. However, less attention has been paid to the potential worsening of people with previous mental disorders In this connection, psychiatrists have observed how coronavirus has rapidly reached delusional themes, even faster than the infection itself. Delusional This case report illustrates how the current COVID-19 pandemic affects the pathoplasty of the delusion, as the main topic in this patient was rapidly adapted to current events. abstract: Delusional topics tend to rapidly incorporate popular hot topical issues. Thus, the current coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly reached delusional themes in patients with psychiatric disorders. Here we present the clinical case of a Spanish woman with bipolar disorder that included coronavirus infection in her delusional themes even faster than the real infection reached mainland Spain. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.009 doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.009 id: cord-031100-ih1ci5cl author: Overby, Madison title: Calling for a United Action to defeat COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 1456.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031100-ih1ci5cl.txt summary: The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. As a result of early widespread testing and an extremely fast social distancing response put in place by the government in Korea, the basic reproductive rate was able to be kept to less than half of the international average. Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China abstract: The widespread and lingering pandemic of COVID-19 is partly due to disjointed international countermeasures and policies enforced by different countries. And we have been witnessing disparity in policies and measures in different countries or regions, some in much better control. To effectively deal with this and future devastating pandemics, we as human beings must work together to coordinate a concerted, cooperative international policy to reduce or possibly avoid unnecessary health crisis, life and economic losses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454840/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa027 id: cord-277648-9kxwkcbl author: Overholt, Kalon J. title: Dissecting the common and compartment-specific features of COVID-19 severity in the lung and periphery with single-cell resolution date: 2020-06-19 words: 10003.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277648-9kxwkcbl.txt summary: Bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have identified stark transcriptional differences between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, indicating that immunological responses may be highly compartment-specific [21, 22] . We used identical methods to separately analyze multi-donor scRNA-seq datasets from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in COVID-19 patients classified by severity strata as well as healthy control subjects to investigate severity-specific immune dysregulation in the lung and periphery. When we increased this analysis to include all of the cell types found in the BALF (Figure 3A We next investigated pathway-level changes occurring in PBMCs and found that differential gene expression between ARDS and non-ARDS patients supported the detection of statistically enriched pathways through GSEA. abstract: As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate, no effective treatment has yet been developed for the severe respiratory complications of this disease. This may be due in large part to the unclear immunopathological basis for the development of immune dysregulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe and critical patients. Specifically, it remains unknown whether the immunological features of the disease that have been identified so far are compartment-specific responses or general features of COVID-19. Additionally, readily detectable biological markers correlated with strata of disease severity that could be used to triage patients and inform treatment options have not yet been identified. Here, we leveraged publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data to elucidate the common and compartment-specific immunological features of clinically severe COVID-19. We identified a number of transcriptional programs that are altered across the spectrum of disease severity, few of which are common between the lung and peripheral immune environments. In the lung, comparing severe and moderate patients revealed severity-specific responses of enhanced interferon, A20/IκB, IL-2, and IL-6 pathway signatures along with broad signaling activity of IFNG, SPP1, CCL3, CCL8, and IL18 across cell types. These signatures contrasted with features unique to ARDS observed in the blood compartment, which included depletion of interferon and A20/IκB signatures and a lack of IL-6 response. The cell surface marker S1PR1 was strongly upregulated in patients diagnosed with ARDS compared to non-ARDS patients in γδ T cells of the blood compartment, and we nominate S1PR1 as a potential marker for immunophenotyping ARDS in COVID-19 patients using flow cytometry. HIGHLIGHTS COVID-19 disease severity is associated with a number of compositional shifts in the cellular makeup of the blood and lung environments. Transcriptional data suggest differentially expressed cell surface proteins as markers for COVID-19 immunophenotyping from BALF and PBMC samples. Severity-specific features COVID-19 manifest at the pathway level, suggesting distinct changes to epithelia and differences between local and systemic immune dynamics. Immune-epithelial cellular communication analysis identifies ligands implicated in transcriptional regulation of proto-oncogenes in the lung epithelia of severe COVID-19 patients. Network analysis suggests broadly-acting dysregulatory ligands in the pulmonary microenvironment as candidate therapeutic targets for the treatment of severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.147470 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.15.147470 id: cord-355192-80f2658b author: Owen, Rhiannon K title: Comparing associations between frailty and mortality in hospitalised older adults with or without COVID-19 infection: a retrospective observational study using electronic health records date: 2020-07-17 words: 4585.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355192-80f2658b.txt summary: INTERPRETATION: In this study, frailty measured using the CFS appeared to make little incremental contribution to the hazard of dying in older people hospitalised with COVID-19 infection; illness severity and comorbidity had a modest association with the overall adjusted hazard of death, whereas confirmed COVID-19 infection dominated, with a sevenfold hazard for death. In the non-COVID-19-related critical care context, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores ≥5 are associated with between 40 and 60% 30-day mortality after critical care, with much better outcomes seen in older people at lower levels of frailty [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . Although other authors report that frailty is associated with poorer outcomes in older people with COVID-19 [31] , they studied a population which included those less than 65 years of age, did not adjust for illness severity and did not use the full range of the CFS, for example, reporting on those with CFS scores 7-9, rather than individually as in our study. abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe outcomes in hospitalised older people with different levels of frailty and COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We undertook a single-centre, retrospective cohort study examining COVID-19-related mortality using electronic health records, for older people (65 and over) with frailty, hospitalised with or without COVID-19 infection. Baseline covariates included demographics, early warning scores, Charlson Comorbidity Indices and frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale, CFS), linked to COVID-19 status. FINDINGS: We analysed outcomes on 1,071 patients with COVID-19 test results (285 (27%) were positive for COVID-19). The mean age at ED arrival was 79.7 and 49.4% were female. All-cause mortality (by 30 days) rose from 9 (not frail) to 33% (severely frail) in the COVID-negative cohort but was around 60% for all frailty categories in the COVID-positive cohort. In adjusted analyses, the hazard ratio for death in those with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19 was 7.3 (95% CI: 3.00, 18.0) with age, comorbidities and illness severity making small additional contributions. INTERPRETATION: In this study, frailty measured using the CFS appeared to make little incremental contribution to the hazard of dying in older people hospitalised with COVID-19 infection; illness severity and comorbidity had a modest association with the overall adjusted hazard of death, whereas confirmed COVID-19 infection dominated, with a sevenfold hazard for death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678866/ doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa167 id: cord-316691-8d1mmbac author: Owens, Andrew P. title: Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 words: 8969.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316691-8d1mmbac.txt summary: This has increased the need for remote memory clinics, we therefore review the literature, current practices and guidelines on organizing such remote memory clinics, focusing on assessment of cognition, function and other relevant measurements, proposing a novel pathway based on three levels of complexity: simple telephone or video-based interviews and testing using available tests (Level 1), digitized and validated methods based on standard pen-and-paper tests and scales (Level 2), and finally fully digitized cognitive batteries and remote measurement technologies (RMTs, Level 3). We build these findings around a discussion of our experience of deploying remote assessments and internet-based cognitive testing in clinical practice, collection of health data and RMT assessment of function in elderly people with pre-dementia and dementia in two large ongoing multicentre studies, RADAR-AD and PROTECT and remote assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view of providing guidance into how remote memory clinics may be realized. abstract: Social isolation is likely to be recommended for older adults due to COVID-19, with ongoing reduced clinical contact suggested for this population. This has increased the need for remote memory clinics, we therefore review the literature, current practices and guidelines on organizing such remote memory clinics, focusing on assessment of cognition, function and other relevant measurements, proposing a novel pathway based on three levels of complexity: simple telephone or video-based interviews and testing using available tests (Level 1), digitized and validated methods based on standard pen-and-paper tests and scales (Level 2), and finally fully digitized cognitive batteries and remote measurement technologies (RMTs, Level 3). Pros and cons of these strategies are discussed. Remotely collected data negates the need for frail patients or carers to commute to clinic and offers valuable insights into progression over time, as well as treatment responses to therapeutic interventions, providing a more realistic and contextualized environment for data-collection. Notwithstanding several challenges related to internet access, computer skills, limited evidence base and regulatory and data protection issues, digital biomarkers collected remotely have significant potential for diagnosis and symptom management in older adults and we propose a framework and pathway for how technologies can be implemented to support remote memory clinics. These platforms are also well-placed for administration of digital cognitive training and other interventions. The individual, societal and public/private costs of COVID-19 are high and will continue to rise for some time but the challenges the pandemic has placed on memory services also provides an opportunity to embrace novel approaches. Remote memory clinics’ financial, logistical, clinical and practical benefits have been highlighted by COVID-19, supporting their use to not only be maintained when social distancing legislation is lifted but to be devoted extra resources and attention to fully potentiate this valuable arm of clinical assessment and care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061927/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579934 id: cord-302382-eifh95zm author: Owji, Hajar title: Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 words: 11312.0 sentences: 606.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302382-eifh95zm.txt summary: Active immunization through vaccines, interferon administration, passive immunotherapy by convalescent plasma or synthesized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as immunomodulatory drugs, are different immunotherapeutic approaches that will be mentioned in this review. Nevertheless, the similarity of severe respiratory failure induced by SARS-CoV-2 to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the deterioration of patients'' conditions in around a week following the first symptoms implicate the role of immunity dysregulation in COVID-19 profile [6] . Subsequently, plasma transfusion was recommended as a safe and effective way for the prevention or treatment of the Ebola virus in 2014 and also several other severe viral infections, including MERS, SARS-CoV, and avian influenza A [35, 36] . CP extracted from the SARS-COV-2 survivors may be a promising approach for the protection of COVID-19 patients with antibody deficiency before the development of an effective vaccine [44] . abstract: COVID-19, the disease induced by the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has imposed an unpredictable burden on the world. Drug repurposing has been employed to rapidly find a cure; but despite great efforts, no drug or vaccine is presently available for treating or prevention of COVID-19. Apart from antivirals, immunotherapeutic strategies are suggested considering the role of the immune response as the host defense again the virus, and the fact that SARS-CoV-2 suppresses interferon induction as an immune evasion strategy. Active immunization through vaccines, interferon administration, passive immunotherapy by convalescent plasma or synthesized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as immunomodulatory drugs, are different immunotherapeutic approaches that will be mentioned in this review. The focus would be on passive immunotherapeutic interventions. Interferons might be helpful in some stages. Vaccine development has been followed with unprecedented speed. Some of these vaccines have been advanced to human clinical trials. Convalescent plasma therapy is already practiced in many countries to help save the lives of severely ill patients. Different antibodies that target various steps of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis or the associated immune responses are also proposed. For treating the cytokine storm induced at a late stage of the disease in some patients, immune modulation through JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, and some other cognate classes are evaluated. Given the changing pattern of cytokine induction and immune responses throughout the COVID-19 disease course, different adapted approaches are needed to help patients. Gaining more knowledge about the detailed pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, its interplay with the immune system, and viral-mediated responses are crucial to identify efficient preventive and therapeutic approaches. A systemic approach seems essential in this regard. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576920324309?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106924 id: cord-328395-2cakgmsj author: Oxford, Alexandra E. title: Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 6707.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328395-2cakgmsj.txt summary: Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, unlike other related viruses, infects and replicates within endothelial cells, which may explain a significant portion of the observed clinical pathology. This review will focus on the concept of endothelial cell infection and dysfunction as an active driver of COVID-19, which begins as a respiratory illness, with vascular pathology contributing significantly to the most negative patient outcomes. Endothelial cell infection that proceeds via ACE2 shows how SARS-CoV-2 can replicate into a wide range of cells, which may explain some of the clinical symptoms found in COVID-19 patients. Thus far, we have discussed the viral mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and resultant COVID-19 sequelae as they relate to endotheliitis and endothelial cell infection mediated by viral spike protein-ACE2 interaction. The successful use of anti-interleukin drugs to treat the inflammatory symptoms seen in severe COVID-19 would have marked effects on endothelial pathology as these cells are highly responsive to cytokine signaling [59] . abstract: Understanding of the clinical, histological and molecular features of the novel coronavirus 2019 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has remained elusive. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by this virus has unusual clinical presentation with regard to other related coronaviruses. Recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, unlike other related viruses, infects and replicates within endothelial cells, which may explain a significant portion of the observed clinical pathology. Likewise, mounting evidence associates vascular and endothelial cell dysfunction with increased mortality. This review focuses on understanding how endothelial cell pathology is caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular and cellular levels and how these events relate to COVID-19. A detailed examination of current knowledge regarding canonical inflammatory reaction pathways as well as alteration of endothelial cell-derived exosomes and transdifferentiation by SARS-CoV-2 is included in this assessment. Additionally, given an understanding of endothelial contributions to COVID-19, potential therapeutic aims are discussed, particularly as would affect endothelial function and pathology. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100785 doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100785 id: cord-330239-l8fp8cvz author: Oyelade, O. N. title: Deep Learning Model for Improving the Characterization of Coronavirus on Chest X-ray Images Using CNN date: 2020-11-03 words: 6444.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330239-l8fp8cvz.txt summary: The proposed model is then applied to the COVID-19 X-ray dataset in this study which is the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-Ray dataset obtained from Kaggle for the purpose of promoting early detection and screening of coronavirus disease. Several studies [4, 5, 6, 78, 26, 30] and reviews which have adapted CNN to the task of detection and classification of COVID-19 have proven that the deep learning model is one of the most popular and effective approaches in the diagnosis of COVD-19 from digitized images. In this paper, we propose the application of deep learning model in the category of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques to automate the process of extracting important features and then classification or detection of COVID-19 from digital images, and this may eventually be supportive in overcoming the issue of a shortage of trained physicians in remote communities [24] . abstract: The novel Coronavirus, also known as Covid19, is a pandemic that has weighed heavily on the socio-economic affairs of the world. Although researches into the production of relevant vaccine are being advanced, there is, however, a need for a computational solution to mediate the process of aiding quick detection of the disease. Different computational solutions comprised of natural language processing, knowledge engineering and deep learning have been adopted for this task. However, deep learning solutions have shown interesting performance compared to other methods. This paper therefore aims to advance the application deep learning technique to the problem of characterization and detection of novel coronavirus. The approach adopted in this study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) model which is further enhanced using the technique of data augmentation. The motive for the enhancement of the CNN model through the latter technique is to investigate the possibility of further improving the performances of deep learning models in detection of coronavirus. The proposed model is then applied to the COVID-19 X-ray dataset in this study which is the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chest X-Ray dataset obtained from Kaggle for the purpose of promoting early detection and screening of coronavirus disease. Results obtained showed that our approach achieved a performance of 100% accuracy, recall/precision of 0.85, F-measure of 0.9, and specificity of 1.0. The proposed CNN model and data augmentation solution may be adopted in pre-screening suspected cases of Covid19 to provide support to the use of the well-known RT-PCR testing. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 id: cord-300369-q66xifmu author: Oyeniran, Oluwatosin I. title: Lutte contre la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus (Covid-19): tirer les leçons de la réponse à la maladie du virus Ebola date: 2020-07-03 words: 1742.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300369-q66xifmu.txt summary: In response to this global pandemic, this article summarizes proven strategies that could be employed to combat the COVID-19 disease outbreak, taking a cue from lessons learned from the Ebola virus disease response. With the experience from the Ebola response, lessons from it could be valuable in combating the current coronavirus disease outbreak which is spreading rapidly globally. Intensive training of healthcare workers at primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities as was the case during the Ebola outbreak could be a very useful means of curtailing the spread of COVID-19 [8, 9, 11, 12] . The community-based strategy of social mobilization and community engagement was highly effective in case detection of the Ebola virus, thereby reducing the extent of transmission in a country with a weak health system [25] . Modeling the role of public health education in Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Sudan The role of the polio program infrastructure in response to Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower respiratory tract and appears as pneumonia in humans. COVID-19 became apparent in December 2019 in Wuhan City of China, and has propagated profusely globally. Despite stringent global quarantine and containment drives, the incidence of COVID-19 keeps soaring high. Measures to minimize human-to-human transmission have been implemented to control the pandemic. However, special efforts to reduce transmission via efficient public health communications and dissemination of risks should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and the elderly. In response to this global pandemic, this article summarizes proven strategies that could be employed to combat the COVID-19 disease outbreak, taking a cue from lessons learned from the Ebola virus disease response. Résumé La maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) est causée par un bêta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) qui affecte les voies respiratoires inférieures et se présente sous forme de pneumonie chez l'homme. La COVID-19 est apparue en décembre 2019 dans la ville chinoise de Wuhan, et s'est propagée à grande échelle dans le monde entier. Malgré des mesures de quarantaine et de confinement rigoureuses, l'incidence de COVID-19 continue de grimper en flèche. Des mesures visant à minimiser la transmission interhumaine ont été mises en œuvre pour contrôler la pandémie. Toutefois, des efforts particuliers pour réduire la transmission par le biais de communications efficaces en matière de santé publique et de diffusion des risques doivent être déployés dans les populations sensibles, notamment les enfants, les prestataires de soins de santé et les personnes âgées. En réponse à cette pandémie mondiale, cet article résume les stratégies éprouvées qui pourraient être employées pour combattre l'épidémie de maladie COVID-19, en s'inspirant des leçons tirées de la réponse à la maladie du virus Ebola. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352552520300967?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100558 id: cord-255817-asdjlq07 author: Ozaras, Resat title: An open call for influenza vaccination pending the new wave of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 521.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255817-asdjlq07.txt summary: Another study from Wuhan, including the period of 28 January-29 February 2020, reported the rate of influenza co-infection among critically ill COVID-19 patients as 49.5%. reported 2.7% influenza co-infections among COVID-19 patients, in their study from January 22-February 2. Therefore, studies from the influenza season reported very high rates of co-infection. A recent research found moderate to strong correlation between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy. In elderly, both influenza and COVID-19 have higher rates of mortality. Another study from Wuhan, including the period of 28 January 2020 to 29 February 2020, reported the rate of influenza coinfection among critically ill COVID-19 patients as 49.5%. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak Clinical characteristics of critically ill patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the influenza virus in Wuhan, China abstract: In their study, Yue et al. reported influenza co-infection among COVID-19 patients as 57.3%. The study included a period of January 12-February 21, 2020 in Wuhan, China. We have recently detected this rate as 0.54% in Turkey. This difference between rates of co-infection can be explained by the seasonality of the influenza virus. Our study included the period of March 10-May 10. Another study from Wuhan, including the period of 28 January-29 February 2020, reported the rate of influenza co-infection among critically ill COVID-19 patients as 49.5%. Zhu et al. reported 2.7% influenza co-infections among COVID-19 patients, in their study from January 22-February 2. Two studies from USA reported low rates of 0.08% in March 16-April 20, and 0.9% in March 3-March 25. Therefore, studies from the influenza season reported very high rates of co-infection. When the COVID-19 came to Europe and America, the influenza season was almost over and thus the co-infection rates are low. A recent research found moderate to strong correlation between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy. This might be explained by the prevention of influenza co-infection. In elderly, both influenza and COVID-19 have higher rates of mortality. The impact of prevention of influenza in this fragile group is higher. Current influenza-COVID-19 co-infection reports suggest that co-infection rates are as high as 57% when influenza is circulating. Pending the new waves of COVID-19, it is reasonable to recommend influenza vaccination especially for elderly, but most probably, to general population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26272 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26272 id: cord-282409-gnphco0f author: Ozaras, Resat title: Coinfections among COVID-19 patients: A Need for Combination Therapy? date: 2020-08-18 words: 649.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282409-gnphco0f.txt summary: We have recently reported 6 COVID-19 patients coinfected with influenza and reviewed 28 previously reported cases 2 . A review of 14 studies reporting viral coinfecting respiratory pathogens estimated that 3% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were also coinfected with another respiratory virus; respiratory syncytial virus (16.9% of detections) being the most prevalent one, followed by influenza A (15.5%) 3 . [2] [3] [4] A study from Wuhan, China reported 93 COVID-19 patients, 44 (47.3%) of whom were coinfected with influenza 2 . Therefore, neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir or zanamivir, should be initiated rapidly when influenza co-infection is considered among COVID-19 patients. Although influenza is decreasing during this pandemic because of the measures, clinicians should keep alert COVID-19 patients with influenza coinfection. Combination therapy (adding oseltamivir) should be considered in COVID-19 patients with CT findings suggesting influenza coinfection and/or when there is local circulation of influenza. Influenza and COVID-19 Co-infection: Report of 6 cases and review of the Literature abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.007 id: cord-281064-b69p44uq author: Ozder, Aclan title: A Novel Indicator Predicts 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Subjects with Diabetes date: 2020-07-03 words: 3499.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281064-b69p44uq.txt summary: Analysis of 11 studies regarding laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 did not mention raised blood glucose or diabetes as predictor of severe disease [12] . Previous results of complete blood count of the enrolled same non-diabetic individuals with Covid infection which were studied during their last visit to any out-patient clinic at the hospital before onset of Covid infection were yielded from the archive records via patient information management system of the hospital. The MPV values of age-and sex-matched 160 laboratory confirmed Covid patients without diabetes admitted to the Covid out-patient clinic were detected as 10.49 ± 0.96 and 10.66 ± 0.94 before and after Covid infection in these individuals, respectively (p=0.37). We thought that the statistically significant difference in MPV between diabetic patients before onset of Covid infection and healthy individuals was caused by hyperglycemia in diabetes. abstract: Abstract Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The disease severity in 2019 novel coronavirus (Covid 19) infection has varied from mild self-limiting flu-like illness to fulminant pneumonia, respiratory failure and death. Since DM and Covid 19 infection are closely associated with inflammatory status, mean platelet volume (MPV) was suggested to be useful in predicting Covid infection onset. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of MPV in Covid patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 640 subjects (160 Covid patients with type 2 diabetes, 160 healthy controls, 160 patients with non-spesific infections and 160 Covid patients without type 2 diabetes) enrolled in the study. Results MPV was significantly higher (11.21 ± 0.61 fL) as compared to the results from the last routine visits of the the same individuals with diabetes (10.59 ± 0.96 fL) (p = 0.000). Conclusions MPV could be used as a simple and cost-effective tool to predict the Covid infection in subjects with diabetes in primary care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623037/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108294 id: cord-168974-w80gndka author: Ozkaya, Umut title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Classification using Deep Features Fusion and Ranking Technique date: 2020-04-07 words: 3585.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-168974-w80gndka.txt summary: In this study, a novel method was proposed as fusing and ranking deep features to detect COVID-19 in early phase. Within the scope of the proposed method, 3000 patch images have been labelled as CoVID-19 and No finding for using in training and testing phase. According to other pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models used in transfer learning, the proposed method shows high performance on Subset-2 with 98.27% accuracy, 98.93% sensitivity, 97.60% specificity, 97.63% precision, 98.28% F1-score and 96.54% Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) metrics. When the studies in the literature are examined, Shan et al proposed a neural network model called VB-Net in order to segment the COVID-19 regions in CT images. were able to successfully diagnose COVID-19 using deep learning models that could obtain graphical features in CT images [8] . Deep features were obtained with pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models. In the study, deep features were obtained by using pre-trained CNN networks. abstract: Coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged towards the end of 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) was identified it as a global epidemic. Consensus occurred in the opinion that using Computerized Tomography (CT) techniques for early diagnosis of pandemic disease gives both fast and accurate results. It was stated by expert radiologists that COVID-19 displays different behaviours in CT images. In this study, a novel method was proposed as fusing and ranking deep features to detect COVID-19 in early phase. 16x16 (Subset-1) and 32x32 (Subset-2) patches were obtained from 150 CT images to generate sub-datasets. Within the scope of the proposed method, 3000 patch images have been labelled as CoVID-19 and No finding for using in training and testing phase. Feature fusion and ranking method have been applied in order to increase the performance of the proposed method. Then, the processed data was classified with a Support Vector Machine (SVM). According to other pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models used in transfer learning, the proposed method shows high performance on Subset-2 with 98.27% accuracy, 98.93% sensitivity, 97.60% specificity, 97.63% precision, 98.28% F1-score and 96.54% Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) metrics. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03698v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-268939-ws74xprt author: Ozoner, Baris title: Neurosurgery Practice During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 5138.0 sentences: 391.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268939-ws74xprt.txt summary: The increased burden has substantially impacted the neurosurgery practice and intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic activities. Operations of COVID-19 positive patients, and emergency cases, where screening can not be obtained, should be performed following level 3 protective measures. [5] [6] [7] In neurosurgery practice, intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, administration of inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic & educational activities. 26 A recent study from Wuhan City, China reported that some severe COVID-19 patients developed neurologic manifestations, such as acute cerebrovascular diseases (5.7%), and impaired consciousness (14.8%). 76, 80 Also, a patient with a mass lesion in the sellar region that underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery in Neurosurgery Department, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan City, China was diagnosed with COVID-19 after surgery, and disease was confirmed in 14 healthcare professionals in the same clinic afterwards. abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious, life-threatening condition with unprecedented impacts for worldwide societies and healthcare systems. Since the first detection in China, it has spread rapidly worldwide. The increased burden has substantially impacted the neurosurgery practice and intensive modifications were required in surgical scheduling, inpatient and outpatient clinics, management of emergency cases, and even academic activities. In some systems, non-overlapping teams were created to minimize transmission among healthcare workers. In case of a massive burden, neurosurgeons may be needed to reassign to the COVID-19 wards, or teams from other regions may be needed to send to severely affected areas. In outpatient practice, if possible, appointments should be turned into telemedicine. All staff assigned in the non-COVID treatment unit should be clothed in level 1 personal protective equipment. If possible, postponement is recommended for operations that do not require urgent or emergent intervention. All patients indicated for surgery must receive a COVID-19 screening, including nasopharyngeal swab, and thorax computed tomography. Level 2 protection measures would be appropriate during COVID-19 negative patients' operations. Operations of COVID-19 positive patients, and emergency cases, where screening can not be obtained, should be performed following level 3 protective measures. During surgery, the use of high-speed drills and electrocautery should be reduced to minimize aerosol production. Screening is crucial in all patients since the surgical outcome is highly mortal in COVID-19 patients. All educational and academic conferences can be turned into virtual webinars. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020311669 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.195 id: cord-303414-fwamdr08 author: Oztig, Lacin Idil title: Human Mobility and COVID-19: A Negative Binomial Regression Analysis date: 2020-07-10 words: 2592.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303414-fwamdr08.txt summary: Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the link between human mobility and the number of COVID-19 infected people in countries. In order to analyze the link between human mobility and COVID-19 infected people, our study focused on the volume of air travel, the number of airports and the Schengen system. Results Our findings suggest a positive relationship between higher volume of airline passenger traffic carried in a country and higher numbers of COVID-19 patients. 2 The global spread of COVID-19 that has led to the infection, and deaths, of thousands of people at a rapid scale, is indicative of how infectious diseases can become a global health problem that have the ability to reach more people, and at a faster rate, in an increasingly globalized world. abstract: Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the link between human mobility and the number of COVID-19 infected people in countries. Study Design Our dataset covers 144 countries for which complete data are available. In order to analyze the link between human mobility and COVID-19 infected people, our study focused on the volume of air travel, the number of airports and the Schengen system. Methods In order to analyze the variation in COVID-19 infected people in countries, we used negative binomial regression analysis. Results Our findings suggest a positive relationship between higher volume of airline passenger traffic carried in a country and higher numbers of COVID-19 patients. We further found that countries which have a higher number of airports are associated with higher number of COVID-19 cases. Schengen countries, countries which have higher population density and higher percentage of elderly population are also found to be more likely to have more COVID-19 cases than other countries. Conclusions The paper brings a novel insight into the COVID-19 pandemic from a human mobility perspective. Future research should assess the impacts of the scale of sea/bus/car travel on the epidemic. The findings of this paper are relevant for public health authorities, community and health-service providers and policy-makers. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.002 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.002 id: cord-295107-67tts3oj author: Ozturk, Ayperi title: Bronchoscopic procedures during COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences in Turkey date: 2020-08-11 words: 2143.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295107-67tts3oj.txt summary: RESULTS: This study included 126 patients; 36 required interventional bronchoscopic techniques (28.6%), 74 required endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS; 58.7%), and 16 required flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (12.7%). 7 Although bronchoscopy is a procedure used for the diagnosis and treatment of various conditions, it is also known as an aerosolgenerating procedure, so it results in a high risk of infection for health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8 On the other hand, throughout the pandemic, patients continued to be admitted with symptoms not related to COVID-19 infection, but as a result of suspected lung cancer instead. We proved that these differences did not cause any problems in the detection of COVID-19 in either patients and health care workers after the procedure. Based on our experience, the answer to this question is no, EBUS and/or bronchoscopy should not be postponed in patients with known or suspected lung cancer; we determined that COVID-19 transmission can be prevented by taken sufficient and necessary precautions. abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a new, highly contagious, and life‐threatening virus. We aimed to demonstrate how we proceeded with bronchoscopic procedures without published guidelines at the inception of the pandemic period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All bronchoscopic procedures applied from the first case seen in Turkey (11 March‐15 May) were evaluated retrospectively. Patient data on indications, diagnosis, types of procedures, and the results of COVID‐19 tests were recorded. RESULTS: This study included 126 patients; 36 required interventional bronchoscopic techniques (28.6%), 74 required endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS; 58.7%), and 16 required flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (12.7%). All interventional rigid bronchoscopic techniques were performed for emergent indications: malignant airway obstruction (66.7%), tracheal stenosis (25%), and bronchopleural fistula (8.3%). Malignancy was diagnosed in 59 (79.7%), 12 (50%), and 4 (25%) patients who underwent EBUS, interventional procedures, and fibreoptic bronchoscopy, respectively. All personnel wore personal protective equipment and patients wore a surgical mask, cap, and disposable gown. Of the patients, 31 (24.6%) were tested for COVID‐19 and all the results were negative. COVID‐19 was not detected in any of the patients after a 14‐day follow‐up period. CONCLUSION: This study was based on our experiences and demonstrated that EBUS and/or bronchoscopy should not be postponed in patients with known or suspected lung cancer. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32783207/ doi: 10.1002/jso.26164 id: cord-288331-n0n69axw author: Ozturk, Ayse Bilge title: Change in Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-15 words: 1940.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288331-n0n69axw.txt summary: Thirty-four percent of the physicians reported interruption of systemic steroid use in asthma patients, and 25% of the respondents discontinued biological therapy. Allergy and immunology clinics rapidly coordinated changes according to the guidelines'' recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic while trying to meet academic/health care needs in addition to providing safety to medical staff and patients. Participants were using national and international societies'' guidelines and online services such as those of the TNSACI, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) as resources for COVID-19 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Similarly, available international guidelines including the current EAACI statement recommend continuing biologicals for the treatment of asthma during COVID-19 and report that there is no current evidence to suggest that biologicals for the treatment of asthma increase the risk of CO-VID-19 infection; biological therapy was discontinued in one fourth of the asthma patients in our allergy clinics [10] . abstract: BACKGROUND: International guidelines in asthma and allergy has been updated for COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic has caused dramatic changes in allergy and immunology services. However, it is not known whether specialty-specific recommendations for COVID-19 are followed by allergists. OBJECTIVES: By conducting this study, we aimed to determine the attitudes and experiences of adult/pediatric allergists on allergy management during COVID-19. METHOD: We used a 20-question survey to elicit data from allergists (residents and pediatric and adult allergists registered to the Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) across Turkey via e-mail. We analyzed the data statistically for frequency distributions and descriptive analysis. RESULTS: A total of 183 allergists participated in the survey. Telemedicine was used for management of asthma (73%), allergic rhinitis (53%), atopic dermatitis (51%), chronic urticaria/angioedema (59%), drug hypersensitivity (45%), food allergy (48%), venom allergy (30%), anaphylaxis (22%), and hereditary angioedema (28%). Thirty-one percent of the respondents discontinued subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-four percent of the physicians reported interruption of systemic steroid use in asthma patients, and 25% of the respondents discontinued biological therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Allergists in Turkey have been using telemedicine at a high rate during the COVID-19 pandemic for asthma and rhinitis. The continuation rate of SCIT was low while the discontinuation rate of biologicals and systemic steroid use in asthma was high in Turkey. Our study results and learning from the experiences of other countries and specialties may help to optimize allergy practice and compatibility with international guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512079 doi: 10.1159/000512079 id: cord-290325-vozu14wg author: O’Brien, Ciara M. title: Collateral damage: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute abdominal emergency presentations date: 2020-08-20 words: 2364.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290325-vozu14wg.txt summary: This information has important public-health implications, highlighting the need to educate patients to continue to present to hospital services during such crises, including if a purported second wave of COVID-19 arises. In this observational study, we first wished to quantify changes in the overall volume of CT scans performed for all causes of acute abdominal presentations from the emergency department (ED), following the pandemic announcement. We sought to determine differences in the types of presenting illnesses, the severity of illness, and in the rate of resultant surgical intervention during the pandemic to better understand patterns of care seeking under COVID. We carried out a retrospective, observational cohort study comparing two groups of patients attending the ED at our tertiary-care academic hospital, during two equivalent time intervals, 1 year apart (Table 1) The reports were initially categorized as either "no abnormality found" or as having a cause identified for their presenting symptoms. abstract: Abstract Introduction In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. Public information created awareness as well as concern in the general population. There has been a reported decrease in the number of patients attending Emergency departments (ED) during the pandemic in previously published study. This is the first study to determine differences in the types of presenting illnesses, severity and rate of resultant surgical intervention during the pandemic. Methods and Materials We carried out a retrospective, observational cohort study comparing two groups of patients attending the ED at our tertiary-care academic hospital. A historical comparison cohort was obtained by reviewing the number of patients referred by the ED for abdominal CT between March 15th - April 15th, 2020 compared to March 15th - April 15th, 2019. CT reports were reviewed; primary pathologies, complications and subsequent surgical intervention was documented and compared between the two groups. Results 733 patients were included in the 2019 cohort and 422 patients were included in the 2020 cohort. In 2019 32.7% had positive CT findings increasing to 50.5% in 2020. The number of complications increased from 7.9% to 19.7%. The rate requiring surgical intervention increased from 26.3% to 47.6% in 2020. Conclusion To date, there is little published data regarding the presentation and severity of illnesses during COVID-19. This information has important public-health implications, highlighting the need to educate patients to continue to present to hospital services during such crises, including if a purported second wave of COVID-19 arises. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.08.010 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.08.010 id: cord-296425-on8er7v9 author: O’Brien, Edward R. title: Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat hyper-inflammation? date: 2020-08-06 words: 2705.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296425-on8er7v9.txt summary: 2014) Critical for prevention of COVID-19 vascular complications like pulmonary emboli and stroke of endogenous or exogenous ATP, reactive oxygen species, or lysosomal proteases released from damaged or dying cells leading to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, activation of caspase-1, and subsequent secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β, a mediator of fever, lung inflamamtion, and fibrosis (Shrivastava et al. However, over-activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome causes the hyper-inflammatory responses seen in COVID-19 patients, resulting in a vicious cycle of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pyroptosis, and infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory cells leading to ARDS, multi-organ failure and even death (De Nardo et al. Similarly, treatment of macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nigericin activated the NLRP-3 inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β production (S.J. Theobald et al. Heat shock protein 27 immune complex upregulates LDLR expression thereby reducing plasma cholesterol Sex differences in COVID-19 mortality: opportunity to develop HSP27 (HSPB1) immunotherapy to treat abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761452/ doi: 10.1007/s12192-020-01146-5 id: cord-030051-kzkpu94o author: O’Brien, Michelle Mary Clare title: Opportunistic Diagnosis of Extensive Pulmonary Embolus Following “COVID-19 Blood Battery” in Very Frail Older Patients date: 2020-08-04 words: 2512.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030051-kzkpu94o.txt summary: In the absence of clinical improvement following treatment of other conditions in frail older patients, D-dimer testing could be indicated with pursuit of specific diagnostic evaluation for venous thromboembolism when significantly elevated. COVID-19 was not detected, and they were subsequently transferred to an acute geriatric ward specifically designated to manage older patients (>75 years) with negative nasopharyngeal swab results. What are the implications of the diagnosis of an extensive PE causing right heart strain in these very frail older patients, mainly arising from a markedly elevated D-dimer level identified as part of an agreed battery of tests performed on all COVID-19 infection suspects in our institution? Secondly, these may indeed be true negative swab results and in the absence of clinical improvement following treatment of other conditions in very frail older patients without COVID-19 infection, D-dimer testing may be appropriate and subsequent specific testing for VTE if elevated significantly. abstract: D-dimer is routinely measured to exclude the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism and is its main biomarker. Appropriate age-adjusted D-dimer testing improves D-dimer specificity, could decrease inappropriate CT pulmonary angiograms in the older person, and prevent unnecessary radiation exposure. A “COVID-19 blood battery”, designed to increase the efficiency of evaluation of COVID-19 suspected patients is used in our institution. It includes D-dimers which are elevated in COVID-19 infections and potentially an index of severe infection. These 3 very frail patients presented late to the emergency department, all acutely and non-specifically unwell, with high prevalence of comorbidities and were transferred in by ambulance. They were triaged to the COVID-19 pathway of our hospital, and subsequently had negative COVID-19 swabs. All had an incidental finding of markedly elevated D-dimers, with potential causes of their symptoms other than pulmonary embolus. They were transferred to an acute geriatric ward specifically designated to manage older patients (>75years) who had negative nasopharyngeal swab results. They were all ultimately diagnosed with extensive pulmonary emboli with evidence of raised pulmonary pressures on CTPA and/or echocardiogram. It is possible that these patients had false negative COVID-19 swabs. Allowing for the novel nature of COVID-19, prospective evaluation for new symptoms and complications such as thromboembolic disease in those affected by milder symptoms should be considered. In the absence of clinical improvement following treatment of other conditions in frail older patients, D-dimer testing could be indicated with pursuit of specific diagnostic evaluation for venous thromboembolism when significantly elevated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7403184/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1450-0 id: cord-348298-rtm8dn43 author: O’Connor, Karen title: Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date: 2020-05-27 words: 3797.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.txt summary: The third wave will arise from the longer-term impact on people with established health problems, for example, diabetes, eating disorder or schizophrenia not accessing routine care due to health service reconfiguration, service reduction or fears of infection. These features include the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19, the relentless media coverage, the social distancing measures, the altered pathways to access care, the changes to the care that is available, the suspension of development plans in mental health services and the economic impact on all populations in society. Groups who will be particularly vulnerable to the emergence of new mental health difficulties requiring secondary care interventions This pandemic will be associated with an increase in people presenting for the very first time with significant mental health difficulties. Reluctance to attend for acute care due to fears of COVID-19 infection resulting in delays in effective treatment and increase in crisis presentations Reduced availability/altered access to mental health services abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, the scale, speed and nature of which is beyond anything most of us have experienced in our lifetimes. The mental health burden associated with this pandemic is also likely to surpass anything we have previously experienced. In this editorial, we seek to anticipate the nature of this additional mental health burden and make recommendations on how to mitigate against and prepare for this significant increase in mental health service demand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456713/ doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.64 id: cord-338203-le5lbw5y author: O’Reilly, GM title: Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID‐19: Results from the first month of the COVED Quality Improvement Project (COVED‐2). date: 2020-06-13 words: 2848.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338203-le5lbw5y.txt summary: METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study that includes all adult patients presenting to The Alfred Hospital ED who undergo testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. As cases accumulate, the COVED Project aims to determine and report the clinical and epidemiological predictors of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result and the requirement for intensive respiratory support among patients presenting to the ED with suspected COVID-19. In the first full month of the COVED Project, the daily number and proportion of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test remained relatively low, but the rate of patients presenting to the ED with suspected COVID-19 increased significantly. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positive results over the first full month of the COVED Project has precluded valid inferential analyses regarding how COVID-19 patients differ in terms of their demographic features, clinical presentation, severity risk factors, need for intensive respiratory support and key outcomes. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of emergency department (ED) patients with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19. METHODS: The COVID‐19 Emergency Department (COVED) Project is an ongoing prospective cohort study that includes all adult patients presenting to The Alfred Hospital ED who undergo testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. Current guidelines recommend testing for patients with fevers or chills, acute respiratory symptoms or a high‐risk exposure history, as well as implementation of infection control and prevention (IPC) precautions for all suspected and confirmed cases. Study outcomes include a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test result and intensive respiratory support. RESULTS: In the period 1‐30 April 2020, 702 of 3453 ED patients (20%; 95%CI: 19‐22) were tested, with a significant increase during the study period (IRR 1.019; 95%CI: 1.017‐1.021, p<0.001). The primary outcome of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test was recorded in 14 patients (2%; 95%CI: 1‐3). Shortness of breath (77%), fatigue (100%), myalgia (67%) and diarrhoea (67%) were common among positive cases, while close contact (9%), fever (0%) and healthcare occupation (0%) were not. No positive cases required intensive respiratory support in the ED. CONCLUSIONS: The volume of ED patients with suspected COVID‐19 is increasing. Low numbers of positive cases precluded development of accurate predictive tools, but the COVED Project is fulfilling an important role in monitoring the burden of IPC requirements on the ED. The increasing number of patients meeting isolation criteria has the potential to impact on patient flow and may lead to ED overcrowding. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13573 doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13573 id: cord-317602-ftcs7fvq author: O’Reilly-Shah, Vikas N. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Shortcomings in US Health Care Informatics Infrastructure: A Call to Action date: 2020-05-12 words: 3069.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317602-ftcs7fvq.txt summary: Although it appears that there is general consensus on the use of the Substitutable Medical Apps, Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (SMART on FHIR) standard developed by the nonprofit Health Level Seven International (HL7) for the interchange of data, the standard is not specific enough to ensure, and regulators have failed to require, that different vendors implement the specification in compatible ways. To briefly recap, if hospitals across the country were able to observe and interpret data being gathered at other institutions in real time and to contribute their own data to the shared repository, the health care system could be learning about and improving its care of COVID-19 patients continuously and collaboratively, based on the sum total of available information rather than incrementally in silos. The public has a pressing interest in ensuring that data standards (eg, OMOP, FHIR) are rapidly developed, adopted by appropriate international standards organizations (eg, HL7), and implemented by EHR vendors in a manner that facilitates interoperability for individual patient care, public health, and research purposes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004945 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004945 id: cord-345841-pq5f82gf author: PATBERG, Elizabeth T. title: COVID-19 Infection and Placental Histopathology in Women Delivering at Term date: 2020-10-19 words: 5903.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345841-pq5f82gf.txt summary: Conclusions – Despite the fact that all neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, we found that COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery is associated with increased rates of placental histopathologic abnormalities, particularly fetal vascular malperfusion and villitis of unknown etiology. In a recent structured review including twenty studies with histopathology findings in 275 third trimester placentas following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of fetal vascular 276 malperfusion was reported in 35% of cases, which is similar to the rate observed in our cohort 277 (32.5%) 24 . In a recent structured review including twenty studies with histopathology findings in 275 third trimester placentas following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of fetal vascular 276 malperfusion was reported in 35% of cases, which is similar to the rate observed in our cohort 277 (32.5%) 24 . abstract: Background – There is a paucity of data describing the effects of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients, on placental pathology. Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not completely understood, there is emerging evidence that it causes a severe systemic inflammatory response and results in a hypercoagulable state with widespread microthrombi. We hypothesized that it is plausible that a similar disease process may occur in the fetal-maternal unit. Objective – The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery, including women without COVID-19 symptomatology, is associated with increased placental injury compared to a cohort of COVID-19 negative controls. Study Design – This was a retrospective cohort study performed at NYU Winthrop Hospital between 3/31/2020 and 6/17/2020. During the study period all women admitted to Labor and Delivery were routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 regardless of symptomatology. The placental histopathological findings of COVID-19 patients (n=77) who delivered a singleton gestation at term were compared to a control group of term patients without COVID-19 (n=56). Controls were excluded if they had obstetric or medical complications including fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, hypertension, diabetes, coagulopathy or thrombophilia. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed for variables that were significant in univariable analyses. A subgroup analysis was also performed comparing asymptomatic COVID-19 cases to negative controls. Results – In univariable analyses, COVID-19 cases were more likely to have evidence of fetal vascular malperfusion, i.e. presence of avascular villi and/or mural fibrin deposition (32.5% (25/77) vs. 3.6% (2/56), p<0.0001) and villitis of unknown etiology (20.8% (16/77) vs. 7.1% (4/56), p=0.030). These findings persisted in a subgroup analysis of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases compared to COVID-19 negative controls. In a multivariable model adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, mode of delivery, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios, the frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion abnormalities remained significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (OR= 12.63, 95% CI [2.40, 66.40]). While the frequency of villitis of unknown etiology was more than double in COVID-19 cases compared to controls, this did not reach statistical significance in a similar multivariable model (OR=2.11, 95% CI [0.50, 8.97]). All neonates of mothers with COVID-19 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Conclusions – Despite the fact that all neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, we found that COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery is associated with increased rates of placental histopathologic abnormalities, particularly fetal vascular malperfusion and villitis of unknown etiology. These findings appear to occur even among asymptomatic term patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002937820311947 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.020 id: cord-308803-i934doud author: PONNAPA REDDY, M. title: Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-14 words: 4154.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308803-i934doud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308803-i934doud.txt summary: title: Prone positioning of non-intubated patients with COVID-19 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Purpose: Several studies have reported adopting prone positioning (PP) in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. 26 36 37 Oxygenation outcomes were analysed based on the mean pre-PP PaO 2 /FiO 2 ≤ 150 (5 studies 10 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This systematic review examined the effect of PP of non-intubated patients on oxygenation parameters in a heterogenous group of adult patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. In a selected group of patients who received PP, the incidence of intubation and mortality was relatively lower in comparison with a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on associations of non-invasive oxygenation strategies and all-cause mortality in COVID-19, which reported rates of 40% and 30% respectively. Feasibility and physiological effects of prone positioning in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (PRON-COVID): a prospective cohort study abstract: Purpose: Several studies have reported adopting prone positioning (PP) in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of PP on oxygenation and clinical outcomes. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and COVID-19 living systematic review from December1st 2019 to July23rd 2020. We included studies that reported using PP in hypoxaemic, non-intubated adult COVID-19 patients. Primary outcome measure was the weighted mean difference (MD) in oxygenation parameters (PaO2/FiO2, PaO2 or SpO2) pre and post-PP. Results: Fifteen single arm observational studies reporting PP in 449 patients were included. Substantial heterogeneity was noted in terms of, location within hospital where PP was instituted, respiratory supports, frequency and duration of PP. Significant improvement in oxygenation was reported post-PP: PaO2/FiO2, (MD 37.6, 95%CI 18.8, 56.5); PaO2, , (MD 30.4 mmHg, 95%CI 10.9, 49.9); and SpO2, (MD 5.8%, 95%CI 3.7, 7.9). Patients with a pre-PP PaO2/FiO2 [≤]150 experienced greater oxygenation improvements compared with those with a pre-PP PaO2/FiO2 >150 (MD 40.5, 95%CI -3.5, 84.6) vs. 37, 95%CI 17.1, 56.9). Respiratory rate decreased post-PP (MD -2.9, 95%CI -5.4, -0.4). Overall intubation and mortality rates were 21% (90/426) and 26% (101/390) respectively. No major adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Despite significant variability in frequency and duration of PP and respiratory supports, PP was associated with improvements in oxygenation parameters without any reported serious adverse events. Major limitation being lack of control arm and adjustment for confounders. Clinical trials are required to determine the effect of awake PP on patient-centred outcomes. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.12.20211748v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211748 id: cord-343545-ga56ozp3 author: Pablos, J. L. title: Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study date: 2020-06-20 words: 3865.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343545-ga56ozp3.txt summary: title: Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Chronic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Multicentric Matched-Cohort Study Methods In this comparative cohort study, we identified hospital PCR+ COVID-19 rheumatic patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (IA) or autoimmune/immunomediated diseases (AI/IMID). Ageing, male sex and previous comorbidity (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, or lung disease) increased the risk in the rheumatic cohort by bivariate analysis. Conclusion In patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases aging, sex and having an AI/IMID but not IA nor previous immunosuppressive therapies were associated with severe COVID-19. We undertook a multicentric comparative cohort study to investigate the relationship between underlying rheumatic disease and COVID-19 outcomes and to identify specific risk factors associated to poor outcomes. In this matched-cohort study, we show that among hospital patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, having a systemic AI/IMID but not an IA is an independent risk factor for poor COVID outcomes including death, invasive ventilation, ICU admission or serious complications. abstract: ABSTRACT Background The impact of inflammatory rheumatic diseases on COVID-19 severity is poorly known. Here we compare the outcomes of a cohort of rheumatic patients with a matched control cohort to identify potential risk factors for severe illness. Methods In this comparative cohort study, we identified hospital PCR+ COVID-19 rheumatic patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (IA) or autoimmune/immunomediated diseases (AI/IMID). Non-rheumatic controls were randomly sampled 1:1, and matched by age, sex, and PCR date. The main outcome was severe COVID-19, defined as death, invasive ventilation, ICU admission, or serious complications. We assessed the association between the outcome and potential prognostic variables, adjusted by COVID treatment, using logistic regression. Results The cohorts were composed of 456 rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients, in equal numbers. Mean age was 63 [IQR 53-78] and male sex 41% in both cohorts. Rheumatic diseases were IA (60%) and AI/IMID (40%). Most patients (74%) had been hospitalised, and the risk of severe COVID was 31.6% in the rheumatic and 28.1% in the non-rheumatic cohort. Ageing, male sex and previous comorbidity (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, or lung disease) increased the risk in the rheumatic cohort by bivariate analysis. In logistic regression analysis, independent factors associated with severe COVID were increased age (OR 5.31; CI 3.14-8.95), male sex (2.13; CI 1.35-3.36) and having an AI/IMID (OR 1.98; CI 1.15-3.41). Conclusion In patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases aging, sex and having an AI/IMID but not IA nor previous immunosuppressive therapies were associated with severe COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20133645v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20133645 id: cord-274494-heu6rmbt author: Pablos, Jose L title: Prevalence of hospital PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases date: 2020-06-12 words: 3116.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274494-heu6rmbt.txt summary: 10 11 Since timely obtaining methodologically rigorous data on the prevalence of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in our patients under different therapies is challenging at this moment, 8 we have performed an exploratory analysis of the relative prevalence of hospital-diagnosed COVID-19 in large multicentric cohorts of rheumatic patients under follow-up. All aggregated groups of patients with AI/IMID showed higher rates of COVID-19, and analyses of the different groups confirmed increased prevalence in all diagnostic groups but SLE, where it was remarkably lower than those in the other groups and similar to that in the reference population (table 1 and figure 1 ). Our systematic approach identified a significant number of patients with different rheumatic conditions and immunomodulatory therapies with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed diagnosis that allowed us to describe the prevalence of hospital COVID-19 and to identify differences between diagnostic and therapeutic groups. abstract: BACKGROUND: The susceptibility of patients with rheumatic diseases and the risks or benefits of immunosuppressive therapies for COVID-19 are unknown. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study with patients under follow-up in rheumatology departments from seven hospitals in Spain. We matched updated databases of rheumatology patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive PCR tests performed in the hospital to the same reference populations. Rates of PCR+ confirmed COVID-19 were compared among groups. RESULTS: Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases had 1.32-fold higher prevalence of hospital PCR+ COVID-19 than the reference population (0.76% vs 0.58%). Patients with systemic autoimmune or immune-mediated disease (AI/IMID) showed a significant increase, whereas patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) or systemic lupus erythematosus did not. COVID-19 cases in some but not all diagnostic groups had older ages than cases in the reference population. Patients with IA on targeted-synthetic or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), but not those on conventional-synthetic DMARDs, had a greater prevalence despite a similar age distribution. CONCLUSION: Patients with AI/IMID show a variable risk of hospital-diagnosed COVID-19. Interplay of ageing, therapies and disease-specific factors seem to contribute. These data provide a basis to improve preventive recommendations to rheumatic patients and to analyse the specific factors involved in COVID-19 susceptibility. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217763 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217763 id: cord-309886-j63cpzj2 author: Pacha, Omar title: COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17? date: 2020-05-01 words: 1565.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309886-j63cpzj2.txt summary: For MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the severity of disease was shown to positively correlate with levels of IL-17 and other T helper 17 (T H 17) cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, TNF and IFNγ 1,6 . Here, we argue that targeting IL-17 is immunologically plausible as a strategy to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss why we think that a clinical trial of a drug in this class could be a logical addition to the effort to find effective therapies. Here, we argue that targeting IL-17 is immunologically plausible as a strategy to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss why we think that a clinical trial of a drug in this class could be a logical addition to the effort to find effective therapies. abstract: IL-17 and IL-17 receptor inhibitors boast an impressive safety history and are widely available. Here, we argue that targeting IL-17 is immunologically plausible as a strategy to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and discuss why we think that a clinical trial of a drug in this class could be a logical addition to the effort to find effective therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0328-z doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0328-z id: cord-336320-riedcgus author: Pacheco, J. title: Gender disparities in access to care for time-sensitive conditions during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile date: 2020-09-11 words: 4360.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336320-riedcgus.txt summary: 3 In the current pandemic, studies have shown a decrease in the frequency of different interventions like surgeries (electives or not) and hospital admissions, including specific time-sensitive conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome, 4,5 myocardial infarction, 6,7 stroke, 7-11 and cancer. Second, as there is a general reduction in the availability of health services, gender bias that usually affects access for women, especially to cardiovascular diseases, may increase. We selected a set of nine time-sensitive conditions included in the National Explicit Health Guarantees Regime ("AUGE"): two acute cardiovascular diseases (stroke and myocardial infarction) and seven cancers (gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, leukaemia, cervical cancer, breast cancer, and testis cancer). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.20192880 doi: medRxiv preprint impact in women compared to men was observed for oncologic (782; 95% CI 704-859) and cardiovascular diseases (172; 95% CI 170-174) during the 14 weeks of the pandemic included in the study period. abstract: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic reduction on the utilisation of healthcare services are reported in different contexts. Nevertheless, studies have not explored specifically gender disparities on access to healthcare. Aim: To evaluate disparities in access to care in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic from a gender-based perspective. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental design using a difference-in-difference approach. We compared the number of weekly confirmed cases of a set of oncologic and cardiovascular time-sensitive conditions at a national level. We defined weeks 12 to 26 as an intervention period and the actual year as a treatment group. We selected this period because preventive interventions, such as school closures or teleworking, were implemented at this point. To test heterogeneity by sex, we included an interaction term between difference-in-difference estimator and sex. Results: A sizable reduction in access to care for patients with time-sensitivity conditions was observed for oncologic (IRR 0.56; 95% CI 0.50-0.63) and cardiovascular diseases (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.62-0.66). Greater reduction occurred in women compared to men across diseases groups, particularly marked on myocardial infarction (0.89; 95% CI 0.85-0.93), stroke (IRR 0.88 IC95% 0.82-0.93), and colorectal cancer (IRR 0.79; 95% CI 0.69-0.91). Compared to men, a greater absolute reduction in women for oncologic diseases (782; 95% CI 704-859) than cardiovascular diseases (172; 95% CI 170-174) occurred over 14 weeks. Conclusion: We confirmed a large drop in new diagnosis for time-sensitive conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. This reduction was greater for women. Our findings should alert policy-makers about the urgent need to integrate a gender perspective into the pandemic response and its aftermath. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.20192880 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192880 id: cord-312002-4qhvljpv author: Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin title: COVID-19 pandemic and Farr’s law: A global comparison and prediction of outbreak acceleration and deceleration rates date: 2020-09-17 words: 5434.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312002-4qhvljpv.txt summary: However, a 150-year old epidemics law promulgated by William Farr might be useful as a simple arithmetical model (percent increase [R1] and acceleration [R2] of new cases and deaths) to provide a first sight of the epidemic behavior and to detect regions with high predicted dynamics. In this study, we will model COVID-19 current data (until April 10, 2020) of new confirmed cases and deaths, from 210 countries as to test the assumptions of the 1840 Farr''s law, to describe the epidemic dynamics, and also to make predictions to identify areas with high dynamic and suggest preparation and actions of health system in those regions. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has forced most of the global population to lock-down and has put in check the health services all over the world. Current predictive models are complex, region-dependent, and might not be generalized to other countries. However, a 150-year old epidemics law promulgated by William Farr might be useful as a simple arithmetical model (percent increase [R1] and acceleration [R2] of new cases and deaths) to provide a first sight of the epidemic behavior and to detect regions with high predicted dynamics. Thus, this study tested Farr’s Law assumptions by modeling COVID-19 data of new cases and deaths. COVID-19 data until April 10, 2020, was extracted from available countries, including income, urban index, and population characteristics. Farr’s law first (R(1)) and second ratio (R(2)) were calculated. We constructed epidemic curves and predictive models for the available countries and performed ecological correlation analysis between R(1) and R(2) with demographic data. We extracted data from 210 countries, and it was possible to estimate the ratios of 170 of them. Around 42·94% of the countries were in an initial acceleration phase, while 23·5% already crossed the peak. We predicted a reduction close to zero with wide confidence intervals for 56 countries until June 10 (high-income countries from Asia and Oceania, with strict political actions). There was a significant association between high R(1) of deaths and high urban index. Farr’s law seems to be a useful model to give an overview of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. The countries with high dynamics are from Africa and Latin America. Thus, this is a call to urgently prioritize actions in those countries to intensify surveillance, to re-allocate resources, and to build healthcare capacities based on multi-nation collaboration to limit onward transmission and to reduce the future impact on these regions in an eventual second wave. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32941485/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239175 id: cord-281922-lr3wbt21 author: Padley, Roxanne H. title: COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The Revolution of Virtual Teaching date: 2020-08-29 words: 682.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281922-lr3wbt21.txt summary: Indeed, what is most thoughtprovoking is that access to a wider variety of teaching surgeons across the globe may lead to even better trained students and registrars as they are exposed to a broader spectrum of surgical techniques being demonstrated by different surgeons drawing on the experience of different healthcare systems. Indeed, despite the undoubted benefits of having a wider access to surgical demonstrations via online platforms, in the long term it is unlikely that it would be feasible for doctors and particularly surgeons in training to acquire the necessary skills without an integration of hands-on practical and clinical elements. A further valid point raised is most definitely that of security in the use of online platforms to maximise healthcare resources, the authors state the importance of safeguarding confidential information and suggest frequent updates of software. COVID-19 Lockdown Learning: The uprising of Virtual Teaching abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1748681520304083 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.075 id: cord-350639-iguadmw1 author: Padlina, G title: Secondary Cerebrovascular Prevention in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-05 words: 2545.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350639-iguadmw1.txt summary: To approach the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and secondary cerebrovascular prevention: CONCLUSION: We recommend: (1) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, patients need to seek urgent medical attention in case of any acute cerebrovascular event. Rapid secondary prevention includes investigation and therapy of cerebrovascular event aetiology, prescription of medications, treatment of vascular risk factors, and adaptations of lifestyle. Older patients and/or those with a vascular risk factor profile-especially those with previous vascular events, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or obesity-have been demonstrated to have a considerable risk to be infected with COVID-19 and to present with severe disease, needing intensive care admission and showing poor outcome [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . (1) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, patients need to seek urgent medical attention in case of any acute cerebrovascular event. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems, professionals and patients around the world. At the same time, the burden of cerebrovascular events is considerable. Worldwide, more than one million deaths per year are due to cerebrovascular events, which are the second most frequent cause of death and the main cause of long-term disability in Europe. To approach the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and secondary cerebrovascular prevention: CONCLUSION: We recommend: (1) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, patients need to seek urgent medical attention in case of any acute cerebrovascular event. This will assure they receive needed rapid cerebrovascular secondary prevention in addition to acute intravenous and endovascular reperfusion strategies. (2) As in normal times, during the COVID-19 pandemic wave, it is of utmost importance that patients adhere to their individual recommendations for secondary prevention. (3) Optimal secondary but also primary cerebrovascular prevention might reduce the burden of COVID-19 now and during potential subsequent waves. (4) Patients with cerebrovascular disease should strictly adhere to advice concerning the pandemic provided by their governments and to pandemic-related recommendations for them as individuals expressed by their treating physicians. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834715/ doi: 10.1007/s11940-020-00634-4 id: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author: Paez, Antonio title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 words: 8984.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt summary: Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. We adopt a population health approach, and report results from a spatio-temporal model of the incidence of COVID-19 in the coterminous provinces in Spain, one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID-19. The coefficients of the spatially lagged variable are estimated for each time period ρ t and identify the intensity and the sign of the contagion effect. Fig. 3 includes three maps that display the spatial variation of our control variables, namely GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in province, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. abstract: The novel SARS‐CoV2 has disrupted health systems and the economy, and public health interventions to slow its spread have been costly. How and when to ease restrictions to movement hinges in part on whether SARS‐CoV2 will display seasonality due to variations in temperature, humidity, and hours of sunshine. Here, we address this question by means of a spatio‐temporal analysis in Spain of the incidence of COVID‐19, the disease caused by the virus. Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. In the analysis we also control for GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in the population, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. The results support the hypothesis that incidence of the disease is lower at higher temperatures and higher levels of humidity. Sunshine, in contrast, displays a positive association with incidence of the disease. Our control variables also yield interesting insights. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12241 doi: 10.1111/gean.12241 id: cord-350179-ltk5hfc4 author: Paganini, Matteo title: Translating COVID-19 Pandemic Surge Theory to Practice in the Emergency Department: How to Expand Structure date: 2020-03-27 words: 4422.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350179-ltk5hfc4.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the health-care system with challenges that have limited science to guide the staff, stuff, and structure surge response. This study reviewed the available surge science literature specifically to guide an emergency department''s surge structural response using a translational science approach to answer the question: How does the concept of sudden onset mass casualty incident surge capability apply to the process to expand COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response? While this required minimal investment of resources to reconfigure to limit exposure to staff and to have sufficient supplies, the team was identifying structures that could be adapted, repurposed with little creation to have space to manage the ventilator-dependent patients. Limited to 2019 and 2020, ordered by date "emergency department" OR "hospital" allintitle:("COVID-19" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" OR "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019nCoV" OR "Wuhan" OR "coronavirus" OR "mass casualty incident" OR "MCI" OR "disaster") Google Scholar Query AND "structure" OR "infrastructure" OR "surge" OR "space" 44 to provide the structures necessary to meet the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic ( Table 1 ). abstract: Multiple professional societies, nongovernment and government agencies have studied the science of sudden onset disaster mass casualty incidents to create and promote surge response guidelines. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the health-care system with challenges that have limited science to guide the staff, stuff, and structure surge response. This study reviewed the available surge science literature specifically to guide an emergency department’s surge structural response using a translational science approach to answer the question: How does the concept of sudden onset mass casualty incident surge capability apply to the process to expand COVID-19 pandemic surge structure response? The available surge structural science literature was reviewed to determine the application to a pandemic response. The on-line ahead of print and print COVID-19 scientific publications, as well as gray literature were studied to learn the best available COVID-19 surge structural response science. A checklist was created to guide the emergency department team’s COVID-19 surge structural response. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.57 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.57 id: cord-271363-nsjn05q0 author: Page, Matthew J. title: ‘One more time’: why replicating some syntheses of evidence relevant to COVID-19 makes sense date: 2020-05-25 words: 2495.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271363-nsjn05q0.txt summary: • Given the urgent need for credible answers to high-priority questions about the health and social impacts of COVID-19, many systematic reviewers seek to contribute their skills and expertise; • Rather than embarking on unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. We believe that while original reviews are essential, decision making during the pandemic would benefit also from the purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Along with minimising production of unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of some systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. Based on registration data in PROSPERO, there are many systematic reviewers keen to contribute to the COVID-19 research effort, who could band together to work on purposeful replications that evaluate the impact of abbreviated methods on review findings, rather than proceeding with a redundant review. abstract: • Given the urgent need for credible answers to high-priority questions about the health and social impacts of COVID-19, many systematic reviewers seek to contribute their skills and expertise; • Rather than embarking on unnecessary, duplicate reviews, we encourage the evidence synthesis community to prioritise purposeful replication of systematic reviews of evidence relevant to COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0895435620304637 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.024 id: cord-355854-hksq8gy4 author: Pagliaro, Pasquale title: ACE/ACE2 Ratio: A Key Also in 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)? date: 2020-06-18 words: 3027.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355854-hksq8gy4.txt summary: Therefore, we wonder whether the invasion by SARS-CoV-2 and the downregulation of ACE2 are jointly responsible for a high incidence of dramatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiovascular complications, and high lethality of Covid-19. Moreover, estrogen shifts the system toward the ACE2/Ang 1-7 formation and ACE2 activity is higher in female than that in the male serum (18) ; however, the worst and most lethal Covid-19 infections occur predominantly in males [the Italian ISS (https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/ sars-cov-2-decessi-italia, accessed on April 26th 2020) reports that among 23,188 SARS-CoV-2 patients dying in Italy, women are 8,500 (36.7%)]. It has also been suggested that the increased concentration of ACE2 receptors in in the lungs of children may have a protective effect on severe clinical manifestations due to SARS-CoV-2 invasion (36) . ACE/ACE2 ratio is increased in many pathologies (especially dis-metabolisms and cardiovascular diseases) and conditions (obesity and aging) that exacerbate Covid-19 symptomatology and worsen outcomes. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00335 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00335 id: cord-328036-tjm6sm6a author: Pai, Esha title: Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India date: 2020-07-20 words: 2183.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328036-tjm6sm6a.txt summary: title: Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID‐19 pandemic—Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India Our study showed that with appropriate precautions, asymptomatic patients may undergo operations without increased morbidity to them and hospital staff. In this article, we review our experience with major operative procedures performed at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi during the period of the nationwide lockdown. This was an observational study from 24 March to 31 May 2020, during four phases of a nationwide "lockdown" at a tertiary care cancer hospital in northern India. Our study showed that with the appropriate precautionary measures, surgical treatment of cancer patients can be done without an increase in patient morbidity and mortality, and without increased incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 infection in the hospital staff. Continuing surgical care in cancer patients during the nationwide lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic-Perioperative outcomes from a tertiary care cancer center in India abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has disrupted management of non‐COVID‐19 illnesses, including cancer. For many solid organ cancers, surgical intervention is imperative. We present our experience with major operations during a nationwide lockdown. METHOD: This was an observational study of 184 patients, analyzing their perioperative outcomes and categorizing morbidity according to Clavien‐Dindo Classification. Strict screening required symptomatic patients to be referred to COVID centers and their operations postponed. Continuous and categorical variables were expressed as medians with range and frequencies and percentages, respectively. A two‐sided α < .05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: During the lockdown, we initiated a graded response over four phases: (I) 24 March to 14 April (18 procedures); (II) 15 April to 3 May (26 procedures); (III) 4 to 17 May (41 procedures); and (IV) 18 to 31 May (99 procedures). The rates of major perioperative morbidity were 10.9% and mortality 1.6%. Over the four phases, the major morbidity rates were 11.1%, 15.4%, 9.8%, and 13.1%. On multivariate analysis, an emergency procedure was the only significant factor associated with morbidity. During the study period, no hospital staff became symptomatic for COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: In a region with milder impact of COVID‐19, treatment of cancer patients need not be deferred. Our study showed that with appropriate precautions, asymptomatic patients may undergo operations without increased morbidity to them and hospital staff. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.26134 doi: 10.1002/jso.26134 id: cord-185121-f6vjm4j4 author: Paiva, Henrique Mohallem title: A computational tool for trend analysis and forecast of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-20 words: 7047.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-185121-f6vjm4j4.txt summary: Country-wise data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) concerning the daily number of cases and demises around the world are used, as well as detailed data from Johns Hopkins University and from the Brasil.io project describing individually the occurrences in United States counties and in Brazilian states and cities, respectively. Conclusion: The main contributions of this work lie in (i) a straightforward model of the curves to represent the data, which allows automation of the process without requiring interventions from experts; (ii) an innovative approach for trend analysis, whose results provide important information to support authorities in their decision-making process; and (iii) the developed computational tool, which is freely available and allows the user to quickly update the COVID-19 analyses and forecasts for any country, United States county or Brazilian state or city present in the periodic reports from the authorities. abstract: Purpose: This paper proposes a methodology and a computational tool to study the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the world and to perform a trend analysis to assess its local dynamics. Methods: Mathematical functions are employed to describe the number of cases and demises in each region and to predict their final numbers, as well as the dates of maximum daily occurrences and the local stabilization date. The model parameters are calibrated using a computational methodology for numerical optimization. Trend analyses are run, allowing to assess the effects of public policies. Easy to interpret metrics over the quality of the fitted curves are provided. Country-wise data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) concerning the daily number of cases and demises around the world are used, as well as detailed data from Johns Hopkins University and from the Brasil.io project describing individually the occurrences in United States counties and in Brazilian states and cities, respectively. U. S. and Brazil were chosen for a more detailed analysis because they are the current foci of the pandemic. Results: Illustrative results for different countries, U. S. counties and Brazilian states and cities are presented and discussed. Conclusion: The main contributions of this work lie in (i) a straightforward model of the curves to represent the data, which allows automation of the process without requiring interventions from experts; (ii) an innovative approach for trend analysis, whose results provide important information to support authorities in their decision-making process; and (iii) the developed computational tool, which is freely available and allows the user to quickly update the COVID-19 analyses and forecasts for any country, United States county or Brazilian state or city present in the periodic reports from the authorities. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.10332v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-343483-puly7tyv author: Pak, Jamie S. title: A Urology Department''s Experience at the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 words: 2376.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343483-puly7tyv.txt summary: As the ED-ICU gained prominence in the care pathway of COVID-19 patients at CUIMC, we also played an instrumental role in onboarding providers from other specialties to the attending/resident pair role. Given the residents'' increasing comfort with caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients, urology residents were redeployed to this ICU without an accompanying attending. Eventually, as the overall volume of critically ill patients with COVID-19 began to subside, our department was informed that we were no longer needed in the OR-ICUs on May 4 and in the satellite hospital "pop-up" ICU on May 6. Though COVID-19 put a heavy strain on our health care system in general, the changes required to respond to the pandemic led to an overall increased amount of available time for urology residents and faculty. This slow process of rescheduling elective surgeries may prolong the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on both resident surgical training and patient care. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090429520307792?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.024 id: cord-278165-ym0ynmxy author: Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder title: Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 words: 659.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278165-ym0ynmxy.txt summary: title: Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19 The number of emergencies has fallen as people stay away from hospitals and surgeons follow the COVID-19 guidelines to reduce the risk of infection to staff and patients. 6 Surgeons'' and theater staff''s risk of acquiring an infection is higher because of a combination of factors and the ability of the virus to remain viable on surfaces for a long time. Having been on surveillance for years and reached the threshold for intervention, suddenly they are being told that risk-benefit ratio does not favor surgery in those with <7-cm abdominal aortic aneurysms (6.5 cm in the American College of Surgeons recommendations). Joint surgical colleges guidance for surgeons working during the COVID-19 pandemic Guidance for surgeons working during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 guidelines for triage of vascular surgery patients abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741521420305061 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.011 id: cord-252279-0gozdv43 author: Pal, Amit title: Hydroxychloroquine and Covid-19: A Cellular and Molecular Biology Based Update date: 2020-06-10 words: 3858.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252279-0gozdv43.txt summary: Without a therapeutic vaccine or specific antiviral drugs, and with a desperate attempt to find a cure against novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) [1] , the limelight was shifted to hydoxychloroquine (derivative of chloroquine that has antimalarial, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive and antiautophagy activities [2, 3] ; upon a tweet by US president Mr. Donald J. The main aim of this review is to discuss the mode of action of hydroxychloroquine at cellular and molecular levels, that potentially support the clinical efficacy and few adverse side effects observed in Covid-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, which may further help in improving the clinical outcomes by modifying or altering the drug itself or its restricted use in certain individuals by enforcing strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Due to its cellular and molecular effects as discussed in previous sections, quite a few clinical trials are studying the effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine (also chloroquine) for Covid-19 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ results?cond=%22wuhan?coronavirus%22). abstract: As the time for finding a definitive and safe cure as a vaccine for novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is still far, there is need to study in depth about the other potential drugs, which can save millions of lives due to Covid-19 pandemic. Right at the center of the debate is the use of drug “Hydroxychloroquine” as a prophylaxis as well as a treatment strategy against Covid-19 in conjunction with azithromycin. In this review, we will study the cellular and molecular aspects of hydroxychloroquine, which had driven its use in Covid-19 patients, as well as its chemistry and pharmacokinetics along with clinical trials going on worldwide using hydroxychloroquine against Covid-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12291-020-00900-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-020-00900-x doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00900-x id: cord-229612-7xnredj7 author: Pal, Ankit title: Pay Attention to the cough: Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 using Interpretable Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Sound Signal Processing date: 2020-10-06 words: 3617.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-229612-7xnredj7.txt summary: An interpretable and COVID-19 diagnosis AI framework is devised and developed based on the cough sounds features and symptoms metadata to overcome these limitations. The proposed framework''s performance was evaluated using a medical dataset containing Symptoms and Demographic data of 30000 audio segments, 328 cough sounds from 150 patients with four cough classes ( COVID-19, Asthma, Bronchitis, and Healthy). A three-layer Deep Neural Network model is used to generate cough embeddings from the handcrafted signal processing features and symptoms embeddings are generated by a transformer-based self-attention network called TabNet. Arik and Pfister (2020) Finally, the prediction score is obtained by concatenating the Symptoms Embeddings with Cough Embeddings, followed by a Fully Connected layer. • A novel explainable & interpretable COVID-19 diagnosis framework based on deep learning (AI) uses the information from symptoms and cough signal processing features. abstract: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a treacherous and devastating catastrophe for humanity. At the time of writing, no specific antivirus drugs or vaccines are recommended to control infection transmission and spread. The current diagnosis of COVID-19 is done by Reverse-Transcription Polymer Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing. However, this method is expensive, time-consuming, and not easily available in straitened regions. An interpretable and COVID-19 diagnosis AI framework is devised and developed based on the cough sounds features and symptoms metadata to overcome these limitations. The proposed framework's performance was evaluated using a medical dataset containing Symptoms and Demographic data of 30000 audio segments, 328 cough sounds from 150 patients with four cough classes ( COVID-19, Asthma, Bronchitis, and Healthy). Experiments' results show that the model captures the better and robust feature embedding to distinguish between COVID-19 patient coughs and several types of non-COVID-19 coughs with higher specificity and accuracy of 95.04 $pm$ 0.18% and 96.83$pm$ 0.18% respectively, all the while maintaining interpretability. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.02417v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-337898-ncrbd8rp author: Pal, Rimesh title: Comment on “Is the type of diabetes treatment relevant to outcome of COVID‐19?” date: 2020-05-27 words: 1078.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337898-ncrbd8rp.txt summary: However, pioglitazone use is also associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with and without pre-existing cardiovascular disease [4] [5] [6] . Although pioglitazone does have anti-inflammatory properties independent of its glucose-lowering effect, it is debatable whether it would be of any benefit in COVID-19. Thus, in absence of robust clinical data favoring its use in either COVID-19 or T2DM, advocating hydroxychloroquine for its anti-inflammatory effects is certainly not wise. Pioglitazone Use and Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease: Data This article is protected by copyright. Effect of pioglitazone on heart function and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with type 2 diabetes Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) The effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are refractory to sulfonylureas-a randomized trial abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32459882/ doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13069 id: cord-293737-yaz13ikp author: Palaiodimos, L. title: Severe obesity is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patientswith COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-05-09 words: 4072.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293737-yaz13ikp.txt summary: Conclusions: In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes. The extracted data included baseline demographic information [(age, gender, race/ethnicity, residence status (community or skilled nursing facility/SNF), and zip code], clinical characteristics [body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, alcohol, intravenous drug use, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary . abstract: Background & Aims: New York is the current epicenter of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The underrepresented minorities, where the prevalence of obesity is higher, appear to be affected disproportionately. Our objectives were to assess the characteristics and early outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Bronx and investigate whether obesity is associated with worse outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study included the first 200 patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with COVID-19. The electronic medical records were reviewed at least three weeks after admission. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results: 200 patients were included (female sex: 102, African American: 102). The median BMI was 30 kg/m2. The median age was 64 years. Hypertension (76%), hyperlipemia (46.2%), and diabetes (39.5%) were the three most common comorbidities. Fever (86%), cough (76.5%), and dyspnea (68%) were the three most common symptoms. 24% died during hospitalization (BMI <25 kg/m2: 31.6%, BMI 25-34 kg/m2: 17.2%, BMI[≥]35 kg/m2: 34.8%, p= 0.03). The multivariate analysis for mortality, demonstrates that BMI[≥]35 kg/m2 (OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.45 - 9.83; p=0.006), male sex (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.25 - 5.98; p=0.011) and increasing age (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.63; p=0.011) were independently associated with higher inhospital mortality. Similar results were obtained for the outcomes of increasing oxygen requirement and intubation. Conclusions: In this cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a minority-predominant population, severe obesity, increasing age, and male sex were associated with higher in-hospital mortality and in general worse in-hospital outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20091983 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20091983 id: cord-266220-78g951x4 author: Palazzani, Laura title: The pandemic and the ethical dilemma of limited resources: who to treat? date: 2020-09-24 words: 3585.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266220-78g951x4.txt summary: This article examines classical bioethical theories that are reappearing in the discussion today – with different levels of intensity, or in different formulations – and this, in the light of the most important international and national ethical guidelines and recommendations on the distribution of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee (IBC) also expressed its opinion in this direction, which together with the World Commission for the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technologies (COMEST) with the document Statement on Covid-19: Ethical Considerations from a Global Perspective (UNESCO, 2020), which affirmed a position against the notion of ''herd immunity'', believing that it "needs a cautious ethical review, considering the impact on the number of lives exposed to threats and unsustainable medical conditions given the lack of availability of intensive care facilities even in developed countries. abstract: The different ethical perspectives on the issue of distribution of scarce resources are discussed in this article. While the problem of distribution of resources does not exist in an ideal situation with sufficient availability of resources for everyone, in fact, in the context of a pandemic the distribution of scarce resources is revealed in a dramatic and urgent way. As regards this issue, there is agreement on the fact that distribution should be “fair”, according to the shared meaning of justice as “not to harm others” and to “give each his own”. However, within the pluralist discussion, there are different ways of conceiving justice on a theoretical level and applying it at a concrete level. This article examines classical bioethical theories that are reappearing in the discussion today – with different levels of intensity, or in different formulations – and this, in the light of the most important international and national ethical guidelines and recommendations on the distribution of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2395938X2030022X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bioet.2020.09.003 id: cord-254166-7y58ie8q author: Palazzolo, Claudia title: Legionella pneumonia: increased risk after COVID-19 lockdown? Italy, May to June 2020 date: 2020-07-30 words: 1632.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254166-7y58ie8q.txt summary: We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: We report a case of Legionella pneumonia in a dishwasher of a restaurant in Rome, Italy, just after the end of the lockdown that was in place to control the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The case highlights the importance of strict monitoring of water and air systems immediately before reopening business or public sector buildings, and the need to consider Legionella infections among the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections after lockdown due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.30.2001372 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.30.2001372 id: cord-346735-52v6pbue author: Palchaudhuri, Sonali title: Adapting a GI Fellowship to a Pandemic: Novel Approaches to Accommodating a Novel Virus date: 2020-04-30 words: 2330.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346735-52v6pbue.txt summary: As with other Accreditation Council for Graduate Medication Education (ACGME)accredited programs, the early course required a quick response that minimized exposure of trainees to the virus while maintaining adequate clinical coverage. We addressed this by separating the call duties into two tracks: one fellow is on ''tele-call,'' where they answer all calls from all three hospitals from home, and triage appropriately; the fellow on service for the week is on ''travel call'' on nights in tandem with partnering service attending, only to be called if there is an urgent case requiring hospital exposure. Given the fast-paced nature of the pandemic and the multitude of directives from division and hospital leadership, our program aimed to limit anxiety for trainees through the following means: first, we set up daily tele-conferences with all fellows to review all recently-announced policies and directives as well as to address any questions raised by trainees; second, we established a separate weekly meeting with first year fellows in order to address any special needs of the cohort offering most of the clinical inpatient coverage. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356258/ doi: 10.1007/s10620-020-06306-2 id: cord-311029-x0lk4110 author: Palermo, Sara title: Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty date: 2020-09-18 words: 6411.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311029-x0lk4110.txt summary: For that reason, the Clinical Trials Regulation (EC) No. 536/2014 states that "in order to improve treatments available for vulnerable groups such as frail or older people, people suffering from multiple chronic conditions, and people affected by mental health disorders, medicinal products which are likely to be of significant clinical value should be fully and appropriately studied for their effects in these specific groups, including as regards requirements related to their specific characteristics and the protection of the health and well-being of subjects belonging to these groups." Indeed, EMA develops scientific guidelines to help medicine developers address the specific requirements of older people in their medicine development programs, including in the design and conduct of clinical trials. EMA disclosed a reflection paper on "Physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterization of older populations in clinical trials" (7), actively recognizing the importance of considering the various types of aging when experimenting and developing new pharmacological treatments. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be a multiplier of inequalities. Especially toward the elderly population. A voiceless scream that comes from geriatrics, nursing homes, hospices from all over Italy. They call it the silent massacre: from North to South, the bulletin of coronavirus positive—or already deceased—elderly people continues to grow exponentially without a chance to counter it. Population aging and chronicity are a question that needs to be addressed. Frailty is the most challenging expression of population aging, with major consequences for public health and clinical practice. It is a geriatric syndrome which consists in a state of higher vulnerability to stressors attributed to a lower homeostatic reserve due to an age-related multisystem physiological change. People over 60, and especially over 80, are particularly vulnerable to severe or fatal infection. Moreover, the age-related dysregulation of the immune system in the elderly (i.e., immunosenescence and inflammaging) results in poorer responses to vaccination. Physical frailty is an effective health indicator and it has previously shown to predict the response to the seasonal flu vaccine. These findings suggest that assessing frailty in the elderly may identify those who are less likely to respond to immunization and be at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications. Moreover, cognitive frailty and neurocognitive disorders, mental health and reduced awareness of illness negatively impact on adherence to complex medication regimens among elderly patients. A worldwide research and development blueprint have been initiated to accelerate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for the COVID-19 outbreak. Considered the above, I suggest the importance to consider aging in thinking about future Civud-19 vaccination and treatment, focusing on the possible impact of physical and cognitive frailty. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.558835 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.558835 id: cord-350622-8tgxdbyi author: Palit, Partha title: Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19? date: 2020-10-28 words: 5083.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350622-8tgxdbyi.txt summary: Hence, this strategy may limit life-threatening Covid-19 infection and its mortality rate through nano-suspension based intra-nasal or oral nebulizer spray, to treat mild to moderate SARS-COV-2 infection, when Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor may initiate to express and activate for processing the virus to cause cellular infection by replication within the host cell. Drug particle formulated as a harmonious combination of cocktail receptor inhibitors at optimal and pharmacologically relevant dose could block the host cell receptor Furin, and TMPRSS2 receptor located in the target organs like esophagus, lungs, as well as in colon, liver, heart, kidneys, intestine and pancreas to prevent the entry of the SARS-CoV-2. Hence, some selected lead phytopharmaceuticals can primarily be focused on anti-COVID-19 drug discovery and development as mentioned in Table 1 and Table 2 based on their anti-viral activity reported against influenza, HIV, and other RNA viruses through host cell surface receptors ACE2, Furin and TMPRSS2 blocking action. abstract: Currently, novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak creates global panic across the continents, as people from almost all countries and territories have been affected by this highly contagious viral disease. The scenario is deteriorating due to lack of proper & specific target-oriented pharmacologically safe prophylactic agents or drugs, and or any effective vaccine. drug development is urgently required to back in the normalcy in the community and to combat this pandemic. Thus, we have proposed two novel drug targets, Furin and TMPRSS2, as Covid-19 treatment strategy. We have highlighted this target-oriented novel drug delivery strategy, based on their pathophysiological implication on SARS-CoV-2 infection, as evident from earlier SARS-CoV-1, MERS, and influenza virus infection via host cell entry, priming, fusion, and endocytosis. An earlier study suggested that Furin and TMPRSS2 knockout mice had reduced level of viral load and a lower degree of organ damage such as the lung. The present study thus highlights the promise of some selected novel and potential anti-viral Phytopharmaceutical that bind to Furin and TMPRSS2 as target. As, few of them had shown promising anti-viral response in both preclinical and clinical study with acceptable therapeutic safety-index. Hence, this strategy may limit life-threatening Covid-19 infection and its mortality rate through nano-suspension based intra-nasal or oral nebulizer spray, to treat mild to moderate SARS-COV-2 infection, when Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor may initiate to express and activate for processing the virus to cause cellular infection by replication within the host cell. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711320302270?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153396 id: cord-283236-vko7qdqp author: Paliwal, Prakash R. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hyperacute stroke treatment: experience from a comprehensive stroke centre in Singapore date: 2020-07-13 words: 3674.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283236-vko7qdqp.txt summary: Amongst AIS patients that received acute recanalization therapy, early neurological outcomes in terms of change in median NIHSS at 24 h (-4 versus -4, p = 0.685) were largely similar between the preand during DORSCON orange periods. (1) The number of stroke activations showed significant decline during DORSCON orange and there was a negative linear correlation with exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in Singapore; (2) The proportion undergoing acute recanalization therapy remains stable; (3) A slight delay in door-to-activation and door-to-neurologist review time during DORSCON Orange period was observed which can be attributed to the additional time from screening potential COVID-19 suspects and donning of PPE, both of which are necessary infection control measures; (4) Other process efficiency timings and early neurological outcome measures remained similar. Similarly, our study reports a decline in number of stroke activations as the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic worsened in Singapore, however the proportion of patients receiving hyperacute interventions including EVT remained similar. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving and affecting healthcare systems across the world. Singapore has escalated its alert level to Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) Orange, signifying severe disease with community spread. We aimed to study the overall volume of AIS cases and the delivery of hyperacute stroke services during DORSCON Orange. This was a single-centre, observational cohort study performed at a comprehensive stroke centre responsible for AIS cases in the western region of Singapore, as well as providing care for COVID-19 patients. All AIS patients reviewed as an acute stroke activation in the Emergency Department (ED) from November 2019 to April 2020 were included. System processes timings, treatment and clinical outcome variables were collected. We studied 350 AIS activation patients admitted through the ED, 206 (58.9%) pre- and 144 during DORSCON Orange. Across the study period, number of stroke activations showed significant decline (p = 0.004, 95% CI 6.513 to − 2.287), as the number of COVID-19 cases increased exponentially, whilst proportion of activations receiving acute recanalization therapy remained stable (p = 0.519, 95% CI − 1.605 to 2.702). Amongst AIS patients that received acute recanalization therapy, early neurological outcomes in terms of change in median NIHSS at 24 h (-4 versus -4, p = 0.685) were largely similar between the pre- and during DORSCON orange periods. The number of stroke activations decreased while the proportion receiving acute recanalization therapy remained stable in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-020-02225-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661758/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02225-1 id: cord-028566-avl980hg author: Palko, Hannah Catherine title: In fighting common threats, people’s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China’s COVID-19 battle and her other combats date: 2020-07-06 words: 4523.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028566-avl980hg.txt summary: title: In fighting common threats, people''s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China''s COVID-19 battle and her other combats Achieving China''s exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. It is noteworthy that the high praise the Joint Mission team issued for the Chinese people''s deep commitment to collective action resonates an admiring remark the US President Donald Trump made 9 days before the team''s visit to China. In fighting common threats to their survival and well-being, Chinese people''s deep commitment to taking collective action, in the forms of solidarity, participation, discipline, and readiness for self-sacrifice, as showcased briefly in this article, is simply a natural outgrowth, a manifestation, of a strong cultural belief in collectivism they hold for thousands of years. abstract: In fighting against common threats to human survival and well-being, be they from natural disaster or human conflict, people’s commitment to taking collective action matters and can make a huge or even decisive difference. Throughout human history, there is a myriad of powerful examples from around the world in which people’s deep commitment to taking collective action changed the course of combat against common threats. These examples are invaluable heritages that belong to the entire humanity. At this critical juncture in human history, they can help cultivate a greater sense of optimism among all the people in the world both in the present fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. To this end, in this showcase article, we present examples of this kind from China’s ongoing COVID-19 battle, and from two of her many historical combats. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7335766/ doi: 10.1007/s42532-020-00056-1 id: cord-267034-s3hf4bo5 author: Palladino, Raffaele title: Excess Deaths and Hospital Admissions for COVID-19 Due to a Late Implementation of the Lockdown in Italy date: 2020-08-05 words: 2428.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267034-s3hf4bo5.txt summary: Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. For this reason, we estimated the number of deaths and hospital admissions for COVID-19 that would have occurred if the lockdown had been implemented one week earlier than it was actually enforced. In the present analysis we used data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalized patients, and deaths recorded in Italy from February 24th, the first day national data were made available, to May 3rd, the last day of implementation of the national lockdown. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: In Italy, the COVID-19 epidemic curve started to flatten when the health system had already exceeded its capacity, raising concerns that the lockdown was indeed delayed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects of late implementation of the lockdown in Italy. Using national data on the daily number of COVID-19 cases, we first estimated the effect of the lockdown, employing an interrupted time series analysis. Second, we evaluated the effect of an early lockdown on the trend of new cases, creating a counterfactual scenario where the intervention was implemented one week in advance. We then predicted the corresponding number of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, non-ICU admissions, and deaths. Finally, we compared results under the actual and counterfactual scenarios. An early implementation of the lockdown would have avoided about 126,000 COVID-19 cases, 54,700 non-ICU admissions, 15,600 ICU admissions, and 12,800 deaths, corresponding to 60% (95%CI: 55% to 64%), 52% (95%CI: 46% to 57%), 48% (95%CI: 42% to 53%), and 44% (95%CI: 38% to 50%) reduction, respectively. We found that the late implementation of the lockdown in Italy was responsible for a substantial proportion of hospital admissions and deaths associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165644 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165644 id: cord-340103-dc3wye9s author: Pallanti, Stefano title: Importance of SARs-Cov-2 anosmia: From phenomenology to neurobiology date: 2020-05-11 words: 2348.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340103-dc3wye9s.txt summary: All clinicians should be aware that the presentation of SARS-CoV-2''s symptoms goes far beyond respiratory and sensorial dimensions and involves psychosensorial and neurological dimensions; these clinical observations could shed light on the neurobiological substrates involved in COVID-19 disease. In the long list of clinical symptoms of COVID-19, ENT-UK (The British Association of Otorhinolaryngology) has recently identified anosmia-hyposmia and hypogeusia, respectively, the sudden loss of sense of smell and taste, as "significant symptoms" which were found even in the absence of other symptoms, so that they could identify otherwise hidden carriers of this highly contagious disease. In the present report, anticipation of anosmia and hypogeusia to respiratory symptoms seems consistent with the ENT UK hypothesis that loss of sense of smell (and taste) could be considered as a symptom of COVID-19 infection; and, if confirmed, these symptoms may represent markers or early signs of SARS-CoV-2 sufficient to trigger quarantine. abstract: Anosmia and hypogeusia, the inability or decreased ability to smell and taste, have been reported as common complaints in SARS-CoV-2 patients who were still in an asymptomatic phase. These impairments affect the ability to sense odors in foods and the environment, obviously affecting quality of life, related to social interactions and general well-being. The British Association of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT-UK) considers loss of sense of smell in their list of COVID-19's markers of infection. Here we present two cases in which early manifestations of anosmia and hypogeusia were experienced with psycho-sensorial and atmospheric phenomena. Psychiatrists, neurologists and physicians in general should be aware of this symptom presentation in order to avoid mistreatment, given that persistent olfactory dysfunction might increase the risks of nutritional deficit and lead to development of adjustment disorders. All clinicians should be aware that the presentation of SARS-CoV-2's symptoms goes far beyond respiratory and sensorial dimensions and involves psychosensorial and neurological dimensions; these clinical observations could shed light on the neurobiological substrates involved in COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X20300262?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152184 id: cord-307653-nyr6mtj1 author: Palmeira, Patricia title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children? date: 2020-05-11 words: 3455.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307653-nyr6mtj1.txt summary: As with SARS-CoV, COVID-19 is believed to be initiated by the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope-anchored spike protein to the outer surface of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) catalytic domain (13) , promoting endocytosis where viral and host membranes fuse and consequent entry of the virus into the host cell. (16) reported that ACE2 pulmonary expression is concentrated mainly in type II alveolar cells, which express many other genes that could favor viral replication, thus offering an explanation for the severe alveolar damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In agreement with the hypothesis that ACE2 expression levels have a significant role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which also occurs in COVID-19, an experimental mouse model of H5N1 virus-induced lung injury and death showed ACE2 downregulation following infection (25) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e1947 doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1947 id: cord-323793-c69joaqs author: Palmieri, V. title: Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-07 words: 2813.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt summary: In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. While government bodies are struggling in preventing further spread of COVID-19, researchers immediately started tests on vaccines and a clinical trial is currently underway with potential treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1] . Ziem and colleagues synthesized thermal rGO sulfate derivatives and demonstrated their antiviral activity against African swine fever virus, orthopoxvirus and herpesvirus strains [14, 15] . Synergistic antiviral effect of curcumin functionalized graphene oxide against respiratory syncytial virus infection abstract: The pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global issue. The bidimensional material graphene has captured much attention due to promising antimicrobial applications and has also demonstrated antiviral efficacy. In response to this global outbreak, we summarized the current state of knowledge of graphene and virus interaction as well as possible successful applications to fight COVID-19. Antibody-conjugated graphene sheets can rapidly detect targeted virus proteins and can be useful for large population screening, but also for the development of environmental sensors and filters, given the low cost of graphene materials. The functionalized graphene has demonstrated a good viral capture capacity that, combined with heat or light-mediated inactivation, could be used as a disinfectant. Graphene sensors arrays can be implemented on standard utility textiles and drug efficacy screening. Thanks to its high versatility, we foresee that graphene may have a leading role in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748013220300529?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100883 id: cord-273794-gvjwvabm author: Palomar-Ciria, Nora title: SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM. date: 2020-05-27 words: 1012.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273794-gvjwvabm.txt summary: In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 has already had a great impact in the general population worldwide and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia are at greater risk of infection and its consequences, due to difficulties following preventive rules and the presence of other medical comorbidities. On top on that, patients with schizophrenia are usually overlooked though that disorder may represent a greater risk of medical comorbidities and increased risk of COVID-19 infection, even when hospitalized. abstract: Since its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 has been producing atypical manifestations aside from fever, coughing and dysnea. One of the most common is delirium, which, however, is highly overlooked. This has consequences in the treatment of patients and also may lead to underdiagnosing the infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120315754?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113137 id: cord-314874-6ey87o16 author: Palomar-Ciria, Nora title: COMMENTARY TO “SCHIZOPHRENIA AND COVID-19 DELIRIUM”, AN UPDATE date: 2020-11-04 words: 567.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314874-6ey87o16.txt summary: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 19 , atypical presentations that include neuropsychiatric conditions have been observed in infected patients (Nalleballe et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020) . Neuropsychiatric symptoms are present in more than half the cases (Romero-Sánchez et al., 2020) . Catatonia is a rare neuropsychiatric condition that has been rarely associated to COVID-19 (Caan et al., 2020) . COVID-19 exhibits potential neurotropic properties and we must reinforce the idea that catatonic signs could be observed, especially in psychiatric patients, who are a population at risk of this new disease. As knowledge on the medical aspects of the infection increases, research on the psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 should be warranted. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120332169 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113555 id: cord-261315-n8tnistv author: Palomar‐Lever, Andres title: Hepatic steatosis as an independent risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID‐19: A computed tomography study date: 2020-08-04 words: 3368.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261315-n8tnistv.txt summary: [1] [2] [3] On the other hand, it is also well recognized that patients with some of these comorbidities, mainly type 2 diabetes and obesity, are at higher risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which at the same time may worsen these disorders [4] [5] [6] [7] and which has been implicated in the inflammatory response (increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]) with poorer outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Due to the high worldwide prevalence of HS and its relationship with many disorders associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection, we hypothesize that tomographic liver steatosis could represent an additional independent risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the CT severity score definition. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased fibrosis scores abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hepatic steatosis (HS) is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, comorbidities recently related to COVID‐19 severity. Here, we assessed if tomographic HS is also a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. METHODS: We included 213 patients with a positive real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test and chest computed tomography (CT) from an out‐hospital facility and a hospital. We obtained information on demographics; weight; height; smoking history; diabetes; hypertension; and cardiovascular, lung, and renal disease. Two radiologists scored the CO‐RADs system (COVID‐19 Reporting and Data System) (1 = normal, 2 = inconsistent, 3–4 = indeterminate, and 5 = typical findings) and the chest CT severity index (≥20 of 40 was considered severe disease). They evaluated the liver‐to‐spleen ratio (CT(L/S)) and defined tomographic steatosis as a CT(L/S) index ≤0.9. We used descriptive statistics, χ(2) and t student tests, logistic regression, and reported odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of the patients, 61% were men, with a mean age of 51.2 years, 48.3% were CO‐RADs 1 and 51.7% CO‐RADs 2–5. Severe tomographic disease was present in 103 patients (48.4%), all CO‐RADs 5. This group was older; mostly men; and with a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and HS (69.9 vs 29%). On multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.058, 95% CI 1.03–1.086, P < 0.0001), male gender (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.03–3.8, P = 0.04), and HS (OR 4.9, 95% CI 2.4–9.7, P < 0.0001) remained associated. CONCLUSION: HS was independently associated with severe COVID pneumonia. The physiopathological explanation of this finding remains to be elucidated. CT(L/S) should be routinely measured in thoracic CT scans in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12395 doi: 10.1002/jgh3.12395 id: cord-329350-qrxl5o1e author: Pan, Angelo title: Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe date: 2020-06-09 words: 1662.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329350-qrxl5o1e.txt summary: We have had to care for high numbers of severely ill patients with limited resources, i.e. ventilators and specialists in respiratory failure management, often with a lack of health-care workers (HCW): a terrible situation. 1. Education first: it is difficult to organize continuing HCW education in an emergency setting, but it is necessary to implement courses on infection control and prevention (ICP) and on COVID-19 management. HCW need to be rapidly updated on necessary competencies required to manage highly infectious patients with respiratory failure. C. COVID-19 management: "fast and dirty" courses on should be organized on general principles of respiratory insufficiency, blood gas analysis, oxygen therapy, venous thromboembolism prevention, antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs use (7) . while waiting for possible new waves, we are working on education on PPE, HH, and ventilation, and programming how to dedicate general ward and ICU to manage new COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20303360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.038 id: cord-330022-n3d130t8 author: Pan, Daniel title: The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-06-03 words: 5069.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330022-n3d130t8.txt summary: However, emerging data from the grey literature and preprint articles suggest BAME individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals and also worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19. We found 17 published studies of patients with COVID-19 which reported data on ethnicity; 1 reported an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in Black compared to White patients and 5 reported no association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes. 34 preprint articles on MedRxiv reported ethnicity; 13 reported an increased risk of acquiring infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 12 reported adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in BAME compared to White patients. Increasing numbers of articles from the UK and USA in the grey literature and in preprint suggest that individuals from BAME communities are at increased risk of infection from SARS-CoV-2 and worse clinical outcomes including hospitalization, ITU admission and mortality, compared to White patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between ethnicity and COVID-19 is uncertain. We performed a systematic review to assess whether ethnicity has been reported in patients with COVID-19 and its relation to clinical outcomes. METHODS: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and PROSPERO for English-language citations on ethnicity and COVID-19 (1(st) December 2019-15(th) May 2020). We also reviewed: COVID-19 articles in NEJM, Lancet, BMJ, JAMA, clinical trial protocols, grey literature, surveillance data and preprint articles on COVID-19 in MedRxiv to evaluate if the association between ethnicity and clinical outcomes were reported and what they showed. PROSPERO:180654. FINDINGS: Of 207 articles in the database search, five reported ethnicity; two reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 690 articles identified from medical journals, 12 reported ethnicity; three reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 209 preprints, 34 reported ethnicity – 13 found Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 12 reported worse clinical outcomes, including ITU admission and mortality, in BAME patients compared to White patients. Of 12 grey literature reports, seven with original data reported poorer clinical outcomes in BAME groups compared to White groups. INTERPRETATION: Data on ethnicity in patients with COVID-19 in the published medical literature remains limited. However, emerging data from the grey literature and preprint articles suggest BAME individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals and also worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19. Further work on the role of ethnicity in the current pandemic is of urgent public health importance. FUNDING: NIHR url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632416/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100404 id: cord-284804-6i5zbmm1 author: Pan, Feng title: Factors associated with death outcome in patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): a case-control study date: 2020-05-18 words: 4632.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284804-6i5zbmm1.txt summary: Methods: In this case-control study, patients with severe COVID-19 in this newly established isolation center on admission between 27 January 2020 to 19 March 2020 were divided to discharge group and death event group. In the course, persistently lower lymphocyte with higher levels of CRP, PCT, IL-6, neutrophil, LDH, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and increased CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio and were observed in death events group, while these parameters stayed stable or improved in discharge group. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate the risk factors for death events involving the stratified clinical, radiographic, and laboratory parameters with significant differences between two groups on admission, and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. Besides, more abnormities of biochemical and hematological parameters were observed in death event group compared with discharge group, such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, PCT, LDH, D-dimer, cTnI, and BNP ( Table 2) . abstract: Rationale: Up to date, the exploration of clinical features in severe COVID-19 patients were mostly from the same center in Wuhan, China. The clinical data in other centers is limited. This study aims to explore the feasible parameters which could be used in clinical practice to predict the prognosis in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Methods: In this case-control study, patients with severe COVID-19 in this newly established isolation center on admission between 27 January 2020 to 19 March 2020 were divided to discharge group and death event group. Clinical information was collected and analyzed for the following objectives: 1. Comparisons of basic characteristics between two groups; 2. Risk factors for death on admission using logistic regression; 3. Dynamic changes of radiographic and laboratory parameters between two groups in the course. Results: 124 patients with severe COVID-19 on admission were included and divided into discharge group (n=35) and death event group (n=89). Sex, SpO2, breath rate, diastolic pressure, neutrophil, lymphocyte, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer were significantly correlated with death events identified using bivariate logistic regression. Further multivariate logistic regression demonstrated a significant model fitting with C-index of 0.845 (p<0.001), in which SpO2≤89%, lymphocyte≤0.64×10(9)/L, CRP>77.35mg/L, PCT>0.20μg/L, and LDH>481U/L were the independent risk factors with the ORs of 2.959, 4.015, 2.852, 3.554, and 3.185, respectively (p<0.04). In the course, persistently lower lymphocyte with higher levels of CRP, PCT, IL-6, neutrophil, LDH, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and increased CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio and were observed in death events group, while these parameters stayed stable or improved in discharge group. Conclusions: On admission, the levels of SpO2, lymphocyte, CRP, PCT, and LDH could predict the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients. Systematic inflammation with induced cardiac dysfunction was likely a primary reason for death events in severe COVID-19 except for acute respiratory distress syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547323/ doi: 10.7150/ijms.46614 id: cord-312777-5925lvue author: Pan, Feng title: Different computed tomography patterns of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) between survivors and non-survivors date: 2020-07-09 words: 3647.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312777-5925lvue.txt summary: This study aimed to compare the chest computed tomography (CT) findings between survivors and non-survivors with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 124 patients underwent a total of 436 chest CT scans with a median interval between adjacent scans of 6 days (IQR 5-12 days) ( On admission, bilateral lung involvement was more common in non-survivors than survivors (97.6% vs. But in this study, patients were hospitalized after a median period of 8 and 9 days after the onset of symptoms in survivor and non-survivor groups, respectively, at which time the predominant findings in both groups corresponded with the progressive stage 15 . In summary, from comparisons between survivors and non-survivors, this study indicated that the presence of predominant crazy-paving pattern on chest CT with the high and rapidly increased CT scores may help to identify the patients at high risk of developing ARDS before clinical deterioration. abstract: This study aimed to compare the chest computed tomography (CT) findings between survivors and non-survivors with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Between 12 January 2020 and 20 February 2020, the records of 124 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into survivor (83/124) and non-survivor (41/124) groups. Chest CT findings were qualitatively compared on admission and serial chest CT scans were semi-quantitively evaluated between two groups using curve estimations. On admission, significantly more bilateral (97.6% vs. 73.5%, p = 0.001) and diffuse lesions (39.0% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.001) with higher total CT score (median 10 vs. 4, p < 0.001) were observed in non-survivor group compared with survivor group. Besides, crazy-paving pattern was more predominant in non-survivor group than survivor group (39.0% vs. 12.0%, p < 0.001). From the prediction of curve estimation, in survivor group total CT score increased in the first 20 days reaching a peak of 6 points and then gradually decreased for more than other 40 days (R(2) = 0.545, p < 0.001). In non-survivor group, total CT score rapidly increased over 10 points in the first 10 days and gradually increased afterwards until ARDS occurred with following death events (R(2) = 0.711, p < 0.001). In conclusion, persistent progression with predominant crazy-paving pattern was the major manifestation of COVID-19 in non-survivors. Understanding this CT feature could help the clinical physician to predict the prognosis of the patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68057-4 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68057-4 id: cord-323446-w2ci1bfr author: Pan, Feng title: Time Course of Lung Changes On Chest CT During Recovery From 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-02-13 words: 2824.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323446-w2ci1bfr.txt summary: Maximum lung involved peaked at approximately 10 days (with the calculated total CT score of 6) from the onset of initial symptoms (R2=0.25), p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia (without severe respiratory distress during the disease course), lung abnormalities on chest CT showed greatest severity approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. In patients without severe respiratory disease, the major pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were GGO, crazy-paving pattern and consolidation predominantly in subpleural locations in the lower lobes. Progressive stage (5-8 days after the onset of the initial symptom): In this stage, the infection rapidly aggravated and extended to a bilateral multi-lobe distribution with diffuse GGO, crazy-paving pattern and consolidation (Figure 5b) . In summary, most patients who recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia showed greatest severity of lung disease on CT at approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest CT is used to assess the severity of lung involvement in COVID-19 pneumonia. PURPOSE: To determine the change in chest CT findings associated with COVID-19 pneumonia from initial diagnosis until patient recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review included patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection presenting between 12 January 2020 to 6 February 2020. Patients with severe respiratory distress and/ or oxygen requirement at any time during the disease course were excluded. Repeat Chest CT was obtained at approximately 4 day intervals. The total CT score was the sum of lung involvement (5 lobes, score 1-5 for each lobe, range, 0 none, 25 maximum) was determined. RESULTS: Twenty one patients (6 males and 15 females, age 25-63 years) with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated. These patients under went a total of 82 pulmonary CT scans with a mean interval of 4±1 days (range: 1-8 days). All patients were discharged after a mean hospitalized period of 17±4 days (range: 11-26 days). Maximum lung involved peaked at approximately 10 days (with the calculated total CT score of 6) from the onset of initial symptoms (R2=0.25), p<0.001). Based on quartiles of patients from day 0 to day 26 involvement, 4 stages of lung CT were defined: Stage 1 (0-4 days): ground glass opacities (GGO) in 18/24 (75%) patients with the total CT score of 2±2; (2)Stage-2 (5-8d days): increased crazy-paving pattern 9/17 patients (53%) with a increase in total CT score (6±4, p=0.002); (3) Stage-3 (9-13days): consolidation 19/21 (91%) patients with the peak of total CT score (7±4); (4) Stage-4 (≥14 days): gradual resolution of consolidation 15/20 (75%) patients with a decreased total CT score (6±4) without crazy-paving pattern. CONCLUSION: In patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia (without severe respiratory distress during the disease course), lung abnormalities on chest CT showed greatest severity approximately 10 days after initial onset of symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200370 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370 id: cord-314711-c6rqv4zd author: Pan, Jinhua title: Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries date: 2020-09-09 words: 3349.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314711-c6rqv4zd.txt summary: Purpose To examine the association between meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and UV radiation) and transmission capacity of COVID-19. We further validated our results using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate the changes of daily cases of COVID-19 in China under different temperatures and relative humidity conditions. Other studies, however, came to an opposite conclusion that meteorological factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, were associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases (Byass, 2020; Pani et al., 2020; Runkle et al., 2020) . Finally, to validate the observed associations of meteorological factors with the COVID-19 transmission, we constructed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model ( Figure S1 ) using Chinese data. In this analysis covering 202 locations in 8 countries, meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and UV radiation) were not significantly associated with the COVID-19 transmission, suggesting that warmer weather alone seems unlikely to reduce the spread ability of the pandemic. abstract: Purpose To examine the association between meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and UV radiation) and transmission capacity of COVID-19. Methods We collected daily numbers of COVID-19 cases in 202 locations in 8 countries. We matched meteorological data from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. We used a time-frequency approach to examine the possible association between meteorological conditions and basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19. We determined the correlations between meteorological factors and R0 of COVID-19 using multiple linear regression models and meta-analysis. We further validated our results using a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) metapopulation model to simulate the changes of daily cases of COVID-19 in China under different temperatures and relative humidity conditions. Principal results Temperature did not exhibit significant association with R0 of COVID-19 (meta p = 0.446). Also, relative humidity (meta p = 0.215), wind speed (meta p = 0.986), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation (meta p = 0.491) were not significantly associated with R0 either. The SEIR model in China showed that with a wide range of meteorological conditions, the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases would not change substantially. Conclusions Meteorological conditions did not have statistically significant associations with the R0 of COVID-19. Warmer weather alone seems unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720358010 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142272 id: cord-265596-o6jdvlya author: Pan, Lei title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study date: 2020-04-14 words: 3561.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265596-o6jdvlya.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study However, with the evolution of the pandemic and the accumulation of case data, we are now able to describe the initial clinical presentations of patients with COVID-19; and our experience is revealing that digestive symptoms are very common (10) . In this study, we enrolled patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 3 hospitals in Hubei province and investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with vs without digestive symptoms. The present study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with COVID-19 from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020, in 3 heavily affected hospitals during the initial outbreak in Hubei province, where 83% of cases in China were reported. 3 Digestive symptoms are common in COVID-19 in addition to fever and respiratory symptoms and are reported in nearly half of patients presenting to the hospital. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, various digestive symptoms have been frequently reported in patients infected with the virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, we enrolled confirmed patients with COVID-19 who presented to 3 hospitals from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020. All patients were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed for clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment. Data were followed up until March 18, 2020. RESULTS: In the present study, 204 patients with COVID-19 and full laboratory, imaging, and historical data were analyzed. The average age was 52.9 years (SD ± 16), including 107 men and 97 women. Although most patients presented to the hospital with fever or respiratory symptoms, we found that 103 patients (50.5%) reported a digestive symptom, including lack of appetite (81 [78.6%] cases), diarrhea (35 [34%] cases), vomiting (4 [3.9%] cases), and abdominal pain (2 [1.9%] cases). If lack of appetite is excluded from the analysis (because it is less specific for the gastrointestinal tract), there were 38 total cases (18.6%) where patients presented with a gastrointestinal-specific symptom, including diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Patients with digestive symptoms had a significantly longer time from onset to admission than patients without digestive symptoms (9.0 days vs 7.3 days). In 6 cases, there were digestive symptoms, but no respiratory symptoms. As the severity of the disease increased, digestive symptoms became more pronounced. Patients with digestive symptoms had higher mean liver enzyme levels, lower monocyte count, longer prothrombin time, and received more antimicrobial treatment than those without digestive symptoms. DISCUSSION: We found that digestive symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, these patients have a longer time from onset to admission, evidence of longer coagulation, and higher liver enzyme levels. Clinicians should recognize that digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, are commonly among the presenting features of COVID-19 and that the index of suspicion may need to be raised earlier in at-risk patients presenting with digestive symptoms. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings. url: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620 id: cord-318369-y3wtfqrn author: Pan, Lingai title: How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital date: 2020-08-05 words: 1246.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318369-y3wtfqrn.txt summary: title: How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic: Keypoints from Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital This is the experience of our radiology department''s protocols during the outbreak, we used this protocol to cope with the COVID-19 in Sichuan Province， besides，there is zero infection for health workers during the whole epidemic. How to optimize the Radiology protocol during the global COVID-19 epidemic： Experience from Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital Currently, the COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic is spreading worldwide. According to reports from other centers, there were 30 cases of medical staff infection in a hospital in Wuhan from January 10 to 30, 2020, because there was no protection or improper protection [5] . In the current report, we aim to share the experience of our radiology department''s protocols during the COVID-19 outbreak (Figure 1 ). 1)High-risk patients: special examination channel and room should be arranged for fever outpatients, fix the separate devices (DR, CT) and medical staff responsible for examination. abstract: Currently, the COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic is spreading worldwide. Pulmonary imaging plays an important role. The pulmonary imaging (chest computed tomography and Digital radiography) are indispensable for definitive diagnosis and reexamination. It should be noted that nosocomial infection is not uncommon. Many cases including health workers are infected. This is the experience of our radiology department's protocols during the outbreak, we used this protocol to cope with the COVID-19 in Sichuan Province， besides，there is zero infection for health workers during the whole epidemic. So, we would like to share our experience to other radiologists to avoid the nosocomial infection as low as possible. We have six key points for updating the protocol in the epidemic period of COVID-19: 1. Triage system: three-level triage, 2. Maximum Protection Principle, 3. Technical operation principle: careful, fast and stable, 4. Radiologist's Responsibility and Notice, 5. Disinfection measures of machine room, 6. Hospital information construction, network office, accelerate the sharing of imaging, and carry out MDT consultation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0899707120302692 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.07.008 id: cord-268753-69d0l60v author: Pan, Zihan title: The role of CARDPC in response to COVID-19 in primary care in China date: 2020-09-18 words: 2576.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268753-69d0l60v.txt summary: Here, we would like to share how the Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care (CARDPC) played a role in the pandemic, hoping to provide guidance and hope for effective control of the outbreak worldwide, for future public health emergencies and for systematic management of chronic respiratory diseases in the community. It also launched the ''Prevention and Treatment System and Capacity Building Project of Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care'' [https://www.cardpc.org/pccm/guides/], which has comprehensively improved the capacity of diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in primary medical facilities. To strengthen and standardize the prevention and control of COVID-19 at the primary care level, CARDPC invited experts from respiratory medicine, general practice medicine, public health, epidemiology and other relevant fields to jointly draft the ''Expert recommendations for the prevention and control of COVID-19 (First Edition)'' [https://www. abstract: COVID-19 is wreaking havoc around the world, which is a serious challenge to all our health systems. China reacted quickly in the early stage of the pandemic, and accumulated a lot of experiences, especially in the prevention and control of COVID-19 at the primary care level. Here, we would like to share how the Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care (CARDPC) played a role in the pandemic, hoping to provide guidance and hope for effective control of the outbreak worldwide, for future public health emergencies and for systematic management of chronic respiratory diseases in the community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32948773/ doi: 10.1038/s41533-020-00199-4 id: cord-338143-2v4lrlcl author: Pana, T. A. title: Number of International Arrivals Predicts Severity of the first Global Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-16 words: 3482.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338143-2v4lrlcl.txt summary: Potential predictors assessed were most recently published Demographic parameters (population and population density, percentage population living in urban areas, median age, average body mass index, smoking prevalence), Economic parameters (Gross Domestic Product per capita; environmental parameters: pollution levels, mean temperature (January-April)), co-morbidities (prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and cancer), health systems parameters (WHO Health Index and hospital beds per 10,000 population and international arrivals). The following predictors were used: demographic predictors (population and population density, percentage population living in urban areas, median age, average body mass index (BMI), smoking prevalence), economic predictors (gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita), environmental predictors (pollution levels, mean temperature (January-April) [2010] [2011] [2012] [2013] [2014] [2015] [2016] ), prevalent co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension and cancer), health systems predictors (WHO Health Index and hospital beds per 10, 000 population) and international arrivals, as a proxy measure of the globalisation status of each country. abstract: Background: Reported death rates from different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic vary. Lack of universal testing and death underreporting make between-country comparisons difficult. The country-level determinants of COVID-19 mortality are unknown. Objective: Derive a measure of COVID-related death rates that is comparable across countries and identify its country-level predictors. Methods: An ecological study design of publicly available data was employed. Countries reporting >25 COVID-related deaths until May 1, 2020 were included. The outcome was the mean mortality rate from COVID-19, an estimate of the country-level daily increase in reported deaths during the ascending phase of the epidemic curve. Potential predictors assessed were most recently published Demographic parameters (population and population density, percentage population living in urban areas, median age, average body mass index, smoking prevalence), Economic parameters (Gross Domestic Product per capita; environmental parameters: pollution levels, mean temperature (January-April)), co-morbidities (prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and cancer), health systems parameters (WHO Health Index and hospital beds per 10,000 population and international arrivals). Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse the data. Results: Thirty-one countries were included. Of all country-level predictors included in the multivariable model, only total number of international arrivals was significantly associated with the mean death rate: Beta 0.3798 (95% Confidence Interval 0.2414, 0.5182), P <0.001. Conclusion: International travel was directly associated with the mortality slope and thus potentially the spread of COVID-19. Stopping international travel, particularly from affected areas, may be the most effective strategy to control COVID outbreak and prevent related deaths. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20100677 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100677 id: cord-246504-wjpi5uvz author: Pandey, Abhishek title: The effect of extended closure of red-light areas on COVID-19 transmission in India date: 2020-06-12 words: 3862.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-246504-wjpi5uvz.txt summary: We developed a model of COVID-19 transmission in RLAs, evaluating the impact of extended RLA closure compared with RLA reopening on cases, hospitalizations, and mortality rates within the RLAs of five major Indian cities, within the cities, and across India. The combined features of a high volume of visitors, high contact rates, potential higher infectivity of sex workers, and long-distance travel of clients across India may make the reopening of RLAs a risk to increasing COVID-19 transmission, health care utilization, and death. To understand the potential impact of extended closure of RLAs on COVID-19 in India, we developed a model that quantifies the effects of re-opening RLAs after the end of the lockdown. We found that an extended closure of RLAs after the initial lockdown period would avert 32% to 60.2% of cumulative cases and 43% to 67.6% of cumulative deaths across India when compared at the date of the peak of epidemic under re-opening of RLAs ( Fig. 3 , Appendix Table 4 ). abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 200,000 cases in India. Thus far, India has implemented lockdown measures to curb disease transmission. However, commercial sex work in red-light areas (RLAs) has potential to lead to COVID-19 resurgence after lockdown. We developed a model of COVID-19 transmission in RLAs, evaluating the impact of extended RLA closure compared with RLA reopening on cases, hospitalizations, and mortality rates within the RLAs of five major Indian cities, within the cities, and across India. Closure lowered transmission at all scales. More than 90% of cumulative cases and deaths among RLA residents of Kolkata, Pune, and Nagpur could be averted by the time the epidemic would peak under a re-opening scenario. Across India, extended closure of RLAs would benefit the population at large, delaying the peak of COVID-19 cases by 8 to 23 days, and avert 32% to 60.2% of cumulative cases and 43% to 67.6% of cumulative deaths at the peak of the epidemic. Extended closure of RLAs until better prevention and treatment strategies are developed would benefit public health in India. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.10488v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-301730-flv5lnv8 author: Pandey, Anamika title: Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak date: 2020-10-15 words: 7101.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301730-flv5lnv8.txt summary: Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. Medicinal plant extracts have been reported to impede the replication of several viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), poxvirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (Vermani and Garg, 2002; Kotwal et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2006) . Different researchers are investigating diverse plant forms based on ethnopharmacological data to find effective anti-CoV drugs with novel action mechanisms especially targeting viral replication. Moreover, creating an effective phyto-anti-COVID drug during this pandemic may provide an idea on the duration and the strategy required for the development of potent plant-based therapeutics in case of such random viral outbreaks (Figure 1) . abstract: The sudden emergence of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus (nCoV) led the entire world to search for relevant solutions to fight the pandemic. Although continuous trials are being conducted to develop precise vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, a potential remedy is yet to be developed. Plants have largely contributed to the treatment of several human diseases and different phytoconstituents have been previously described to impede the replication of numerous viruses. Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. In this article, we discuss varying perspectives on why phyto-anti-viral drug clinical trials were not successful in the case of COVID-19. The issue has been discussed in light of the usage of plant-based therapeutics in previous coronavirus outbreaks. Through this article, we aim to identify the disadvantages in this research area and suggest some measures to ensure that phytoconstituents can efficiently contribute to future random viral outbreaks. It is emphasized that if used strategically phyto-inhibitors with pre-established clinical data for other diseases can save the time required for long clinical trials. The scientific community should competently tap into phytoconstituents and take their research up to the final stage of clinical trials so that potential phyto-anti-COVID drugs can be developed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178237/ doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568890 id: cord-348567-rvwxysvc author: Panfili, F. M. title: Possible role of vitamin D in Covid-19 infection in pediatric population date: 2020-06-15 words: 5375.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348567-rvwxysvc.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we suggest that vitamin D supplementation might play a role in the prevention and/or treatment to SARS-CoV-2 infection disease, by modulating the immune response to the virus both in the adult and pediatric population. Although the effect of normal to high levels of vitamin D on increasing CD4+ count is still unclear, a recent review proved that vitamin D plays an important role in reducing the immune activation of HIV-infected patients. In this autoimmune disease using calcitriol supplementation reduces serum levels of antibodies and slows the progression of β cell destruction down in the early stages of the disease [38] , Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) [39] the VDR could act as a negative regulator of TGF-β/ Hydroxyproline, col1a1, col3a1 and alfa-SMA mRNAs ↓ Prevention of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model [48] Smad signaling, thus making vitamin D a putative antifibrotic treatment in the early stages of the disease. abstract: PURPOSE: Covid-19 is a pandemic of unprecedented proportion, whose understanding and management is still under way. In the emergency setting new or available therapies to contrast the spread of COVID-19 are urgently needed. Elderly males, especially those affected by previous diseases or with comorbidities, are more prone to develop interstitial pneumonia that can deteriorate evolving to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) that require hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Even children and young patients are not spared by SARS-CoV 2 infection, yet they seem to develop a milder form of disease. In this setting the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D, should be further investigated. Methods: We reviewed the literature about the immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D collecting data from the databases Medline and Embase. RESULTS: Vitamin D proved to interact both with the innate immune system, by activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or increasing the levels of cathelicidins and β-defensins, and adaptive immune system, by reducing immunoglobulin secretion by plasma cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, thus modulating T cells function. Promising results have been extensively described as regards the supplementation of vitamin D in respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases and even pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we suggest that vitamin D supplementation might play a role in the prevention and/or treatment to SARS-CoV-2 infection disease, by modulating the immune response to the virus both in the adult and pediatric population. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0 doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01327-0 id: cord-219520-by3gxrd8 author: Pang, Junjie title: Collaborative City Digital Twin For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Federated Learning Solution date: 2020-11-05 words: 4976.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-219520-by3gxrd8.txt summary: Note that, when we aim to construct a city digital twin to model COVID-19 pandemic and generate the prediction of a specified response plan, we need to resolve the data sparsity challenge with considerations of privacy by following reasons. In our proposed collaborative framework for multiple city DTs (Fig. 3) , each single city DT system can reinforce itself by two ways: (1) self-renewal mode by local updates: this mode is similar as the working updates of traditional digital twin system, which collecting real-time COVID-19 conditions (historical infection numbers, external factors like crowd gathering, population age and vaccination) actively through on-device sensing, or using data source from various institutions like public health agency or hospital. CONCLUSION In this paper, we propose a novel collaborative city digital twin framework based on federated learning techniques for COVID-19 response plan management, with Seq2seq structure to better capture temporal contexts in historical infection data. abstract: In this work, we propose a collaborative city digital twin based on FL, a novel paradigm that allowing multiple city DT to share the local strategy and status in a timely manner. In particular, an FL central server manages the local updates of multiple collaborators (city DT), provides a global model which is trained in multiple iterations at different city DT systems, until the model gains the correlations between various response plan and infection trend. That means, a collaborative city DT paradigm based on FL techniques can obtain knowledge and patterns from multiple DTs, and eventually establish a `global view' for city crisis management. Meanwhile, it also helps to improve each city digital twin selves by consolidating other DT's respective data without violating privacy rules. To validate the proposed solution, we take COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. The experimental results on the real dataset with various response plan validate our proposed solution and demonstrate the superior performance. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02883v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-274284-mi4n7xty author: Pang, Khang Wen title: Frequency and Clinical Utility of Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-10-13 words: 4402.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274284-mi4n7xty.txt summary: Meta-analysis B included studies if they described the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients and if OD symptoms were explicitly asked in questionnaires or interviews or if smell tests were performed. RESULTS: The pooled frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients (17,401 patients, 60 studies) was 0.56 (0.47–0.64) but differs between detection via smell testing (0.76 [0.51–0.91]) and survey/questionnaire report (0.53 [0.45–0.62]), although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.089). To investigate the estimated frequency of OD amongst COVID-19 patients, meta-analysis B included studies if they described the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients and if smell tests were performed or if OD symptoms were explicitly asked in questionnaires or interviews. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients With severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been gaining recognition as a symptom of COVID-19, but its clinical utility has not been well defined. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the clinical utility of identifying OD in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and determine an estimate of the frequency of OD amongst these patients. METHODS: PubMed was searched up to 1 August 2020. Meta-analysis A included studies if they compared the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients (proven by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) to COVID-19 negative controls. Meta-analysis B included studies if they described the frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients and if OD symptoms were explicitly asked in questionnaires or interviews or if smell tests were performed. RESULTS: The pooled frequency of OD in COVID-19 positive patients (17,401 patients, 60 studies) was 0.56 (0.47–0.64) but differs between detection via smell testing (0.76 [0.51–0.91]) and survey/questionnaire report (0.53 [0.45–0.62]), although not reaching statistical significance (p = 0.089). Patients with reported OD were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (diagnostic odds ratio 11.5 [8.01–16.5], sensitivity 0.48 (0.40 to 0.56), specificity 0.93 (0.90 to 0.96), positive likelihood ratio 6.10 (4.47–8.32) and negative likelihood ratio 0.58 (0.52–0.64)). There was significant heterogeneity amongst studies with possible publication bias. CONCLUSION: Frequency of OD in COVID-19 differs greatly across studies. Nevertheless, patients with reported OD were significantly more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Patient-reported OD is a highly specific symptom of COVID-19 which should be included as part of the pre-test screening of suspect patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-020-00972-y doi: 10.1007/s11882-020-00972-y id: cord-350941-hlx60qyr author: Pang, Peng title: 51.22 USING TELEPHONIC FOLLOW-UP TO ASSESS ADOLESCENT FUNCTIONING DURING THE COVID-19 SHUTDOWN IN HENAN, CHINA date: 2020-10-31 words: 1772.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350941-hlx60qyr.txt summary: The sample (n ¼303; 79% female; 8.8% Hispanic; M age ¼ 20.9 years) completed a series of online selfreport measures, assessing for current levels of depression, the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the use of acceptance. Methods: The current study used self-report online measures to explore the relationship between COVID-19 life disruptions and anxiety severity in a sample of individuals aged 18 to 25 years (n ¼ 353; M age ¼ 21 years; 79% female; 95% college student). A logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to examine the likelihood of an individual having moderate-to-severe anxiety based on the number of life disruptions (eg, loss of employment, contracting COVID-19, difficulties accessing basic needs) they have experienced. Given that the 3 life disruptions have been found to be significant predictors of anxiety, educational institutions should consider methods to ensure that students have access to basic needs and utilize strategies to enhance remote learning endeavors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856720318335 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.432 id: cord-337026-osgi06o4 author: Panoutsopoulos, Alexios A. title: Conjunctivitis as a Sentinel of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Need of Revision for Mild Symptoms date: 2020-06-19 words: 3174.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337026-osgi06o4.txt summary: Given the uprising number of publications and case reports of COVID-19 patients showing conjunctivitis [61, 62] and the history of other coronaviruses that are found in tears, we have to consider the possibility of a separate, alternative viral mechanism through which the virus can enter the patient''s organism through epithelial cells of the eye [63] . The growing evidence on COVID-19 and its ocular implications and manifestations, in both animals and humans, is covered by many interesting reviews, all published 5 to 6 months after the novel coronavirus'' outbreak [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] , something that reveals the need to understand the virus from different perspectiveswhich at first may have seemed secondary in priority-in order to be able to reach a treatment. abstract: COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, and since then, more than 3 million cases and a quarter million deaths have occurred due to it. Lately, there is a growing evidence for an ophthalmologic symptom (conjunctivitis) to be connected with the disease. This seems to happen in early stages of the infection by SARS-CoV-2, and thus, it is of major importance to understand the mechanism through which the virus can facilitate such a symptom. Here, we are proposing a molecular mechanism through which the novel coronavirus could act in order to affect the eye and use it as another, secondary but alternative, point of entry to the host organism. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838145/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00360-7 id: cord-327906-m00ua3x1 author: Pantanetti, Paola title: Potential role of incretins in diabetes and COVID-19 infection: a hypothesis worth exploring date: 2020-06-26 words: 1849.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327906-m00ua3x1.txt summary: Patients with diabetes mellitus have been reported to be at a high risk of complications from SARS-CoV2 virus infection (COVID-19). This altered immune profile may induce important clinical consequences, including increased susceptibility to lung infections; and enhanced local inflammatory response. We briefly review the impact on the inflammatory system of DPP4 for its possible detrimental effect on COVID-19 syndrome, and of DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), currently used as glucose lowering agents, which may have the potential to exert positive pleiotropic effect on inflammatory diseases, in addition to their effects on glucose metabolism. In particular, diabetes, renal failure, cardiac, respiratory, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension, have all been shown to predispose patients to more complicated clinical pictures with consequent increase in risk for lethal outcomes [2, 3] . Previous studies have shown that diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections, in particular flu and pneumonia. Numerous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are extremely high in subjects with severe/critical COVID-19. abstract: Patients with diabetes mellitus have been reported to be at a high risk of complications from SARS-CoV2 virus infection (COVID-19). In type 2 diabetes, there is a change in immune system cells, which shift from an anti-inflammatory to a predominantly pro-inflammatory pattern. This altered immune profile may induce important clinical consequences, including increased susceptibility to lung infections; and enhanced local inflammatory response. Furthermore, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme is highly expressed in the lung, and that it may have additional actions besides its effects on glucose metabolism, which might exert profound pro-inflammatory effects. We briefly review the impact on the inflammatory system of DPP4 for its possible detrimental effect on COVID-19 syndrome, and of DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), currently used as glucose lowering agents, which may have the potential to exert positive pleiotropic effect on inflammatory diseases, in addition to their effects on glucose metabolism. Thanks to these ancillary effects, gliptins could potentially be “repurposed” as salutary drugs against COVID-19 syndrome, even in non-diabetic subjects. Clinical studies should be designed to investigate this possibility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32592113/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02389-x id: cord-289647-14ba5sro author: Panuganti, Bharat A. title: Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter date: 2020-06-02 words: 3219.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289647-14ba5sro.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. 5 As such, although significant correlations between Google searches pertaining to anosmia and COVID-19 incidence have already been reported, our intention in the present study is to better understand the relative value of alternative infodemiological parameters (nonsmell symptoms, COVID-19 searches and tweets) and platforms (Twitter) in estimating COVID-19 infection trajectory in the United States. Table SA in the online version of the article); data pertaining to March 22, 2020, and the 2 following days were excluded in 1 iteration of the analysis to help evaluate quantitatively the effect of discrete, lay media transmissions on Twitter and Google search trend correlations with COVID-19 incidence. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. To describe the effect of mass media communications on Twitter and Google Search user trends. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: United States. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Google Search and “tweet” frequency concerning COVID-19, smell, and nonsmell symptoms of COVID-19 generated between January 1 and April 8, 2020, were collected using Google Trends and Crimson Hexagon, respectively. Spearman coefficients linking each of these user trends to COVID-19 incidence were compared. Correlations obtained after excluding a short timeframe (March 22 to March 24) corresponding to the publication of a widely read lay media publication reporting anosmia as a symptom of infection was performed for comparative analysis. RESULTS: Google searches and tweets concerning all nonsmell symptoms (0.744 and 0.761, respectively) and COVID-19 (0.899 and 0.848) are more strongly correlated with disease incidence than smell loss (0.564 and 0.539). Twitter users tweeting about smell loss during the study period were more likely to be female (52%) than users tweeting about COVID-19 more generally (47%). Tweet and Google Search frequency pertaining to smell loss increased significantly (>2.5 standard deviations) following a widely read media publication linking smell loss and SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Google Search and tweet frequency regarding fever and shortness of breath are more robust indicators of COVID-19 incidence than anosmia. Mass media communications represent important confounders that should be considered in future analyses. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820932128 doi: 10.1177/0194599820932128 id: cord-269856-6h3j89wn author: Paolo Fadini, Gian title: Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration date: 2020-08-15 words: 3940.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269856-6h3j89wn.txt summary: Abstract Aims We investigated whether pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission hyperglycemia were associated with COVID-19 severity independently from confounders. Higher glucose level at admission was associated with COVID-19 severity, with a stronger association among patients without as compared to those with pre-existing diabetes (interaction p<0.001). In the present study, we investigated the role of pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission glucose levels on the outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In unadjusted analysis, presence of diabetes (including pre-existing and newly-diagnosed) compared to its absence was associated with a higher incidence of the primary outcome (37.4% vs 20.3%; RR 1.85; 95% C.I. 1.33-2.57; p<0.001; Figure 1A ). In this study, we found that newly-detected diabetes and admission hyperglycemia were more strongly associated with COVID-19 severity outcome than pre-existing diabetes. The association between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 severity was significantly stronger for patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes than for those with pre-existing diabetes. abstract: Abstract Aims We investigated whether pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission hyperglycemia were associated with COVID-19 severity independently from confounders. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data on patients with COVID-19 hospitalized between February and April 2020 in an outbreak hospital in North-East Italy. Pre-existing diabetes was defined by self-reported history, electronic medical records, or ongoing medications. Newly-diagnosed diabetes was defined by HbA1c and fasting glucose. The primary outcome was a composite of ICU admission or death. Results 413 subjects were included, 107 of whom (25.6%) had diabetes, including 21 newly-diagnosed. Patients with diabetes were older and had greater comorbidity burden. The primary outcome occurred in 37.4% of patients with diabetes compared to 20.3% in those without (RR 1.85; 95%C.I. 1.33-2.57; p<0.001). The association was stronger for newly-diagnosed compared to pre-existing diabetes (RR 3.06 vs 1.55; p=0.004). Higher glucose level at admission was associated with COVID-19 severity, with a stronger association among patients without as compared to those with pre-existing diabetes (interaction p<0.001). Admission glucose was correlated with most clinical severity indexes and its association with adverse outcome was mostly mediated by a worse respiratory function. Conclusion Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia are powerful predictors of COVID-19 severity due to rapid respiratory deterioration. url: http://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/S0168822720306276/pdf doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374 id: cord-323695-jkik03lb author: Paolo, Gisondi title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 words: 1745.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt summary: Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. abstract: Introduction Whether biologic therapies enhance the risk of COVID-19 or affect the disease outcome in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis remains to be ascertained. Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. Results The IR of hospitalization for COVID-19 was 11.7 (95% CI: 7.2-18.1) per 10,000 person-months in psoriasis patients and 14.4 (95% CI: 14.3-14.5) in the general population; the IR of death from COVID-19 was 1.3 (95% CI: 0.2-4.3) and 4.7 (95% CI: 4.6-4.7) in psoriasis patients and the general population, respectively. The SIR of hospitalization and death in psoriasis patients compared with the general population was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.57-1.45; p=0.82) and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.07-1.38; p=0.19) respectively. Conclusions Our data did not show any adverse impact of biologics on COVID-19 outcome in psoriasis patients. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009167492031558X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.032 id: cord-353618-r7skw6rf author: Papa, Alfonso title: Images in Practice: Painful Cutaneous Vasculitis in a SARS-Cov-2 IgG-Positive Child date: 2020-05-21 words: 915.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353618-r7skw6rf.txt summary: In a study carried out in China involving more than 44,000 cases of COVID-19, 0.9% of patients were between 0 and 10 years of age and 1.2% ranged in age from 10 to 19 years [1] . During the pandemic period in Italy, we observed more than ten pediatric patients who tested IgG positive for Sars-CoV-2 with painful vasculitic skin lesions on the feet that required modest pain relief therapy. Although it is not possible to correlate our patient case with the presence of SARS-COV-2 due to the swab negativity, we believe that the positive result for SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies does correlate the skin lesion with COVID-19. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-020-00174-4 doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00174-4 id: cord-317151-cxx5pcln author: Papa, Alfredo title: Covid-19 and the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a practical decalogue for the post-pandemic phase date: 2020-10-24 words: 5030.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317151-cxx5pcln.txt summary: 14 Since the beginning of the pandemic, the World Health Organization has provided general recommendations for the prevention of They include: to wash hands frequently and properly with soap or alcohol-based sanitizer, to maintain social distancing (at least 1 m of distance), to avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, to cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, to seek medical care early when fever, cough or difficulty in breathing are recorded, to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular the facial mask when social distancing is not possible to maintain or in closed places, to stay informed and follow any advice provided by own healthcare providers. This may require further changes in the planning of healthcare activities, both by using different prioritization criteria for outpatient visits, diagnostic tests and surgical interventions and by continuing to use treatment strategies that have worked well during the pandemic such as telemedicine, psychological support to patients and the educational function of patient associations (Table 1) . abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised several concerns for patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As the outbreak appears to be in the descending phase, at least in some part of the world, as in most European countries, guidance is urgently needed to provide optimal care for our IBD patients in order to gradually and safely reduce the gap in care that has been accumulated in the months of lockdown and to face all the backlogs. Therefore, we have provided a decalogue of practical recommendations for gastroenterologists to manage patients with IBD in the post-peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. They include all the aspects of IBD care, not only pharmacological ones but also endoscopy, surgery, psychological treatment, telemedicine, diagnostics and educational tasks provided by doctors and patient associations. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820968747 doi: 10.1177/1756284820968747 id: cord-255173-69t521o3 author: Papa, Annalisa title: Not all that glitters is COVID! Differential diagnosis of FDG-avid interstitial lung disease in low-prevalence regions date: 2020-10-19 words: 1741.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255173-69t521o3.txt summary: We briefly summarise some key radiological elements of differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases which, in our opinion, could be extremely useful for physicians reporting (18)FDG PET/CT scans, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for their normal routine activity. This case reminded us that, while a prompt recognition of COVID-19 is critically important in order to limit the diffusion of the disease among the healthcare staff and the general population, physicians reporting hybrid PET/CT scans should also keep alert for all serious conditions that may present with similar imaging features, particularly in the most fragile patients. The main radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia include multifocal or diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and "crazy-paving" pattern with a predominant subpleural distribution (Hani et al. Severe COVID-19 lung involvement and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) may show identical imaging features, that is bilateral and diffuse GGOs and/or "crazy-paving" pattern. abstract: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is only one of the many possible infectious and non-infectious diseases that may occur with similar imaging features in patients undergoing [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) monitoring, particularly in the most fragile oncologic patients. We briefly summarise some key radiological elements of differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases which, in our opinion, could be extremely useful for physicians reporting (18)FDG PET/CT scans, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for their normal routine activity. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41824-020-00088-6 doi: 10.1186/s41824-020-00088-6 id: cord-308667-6jr3z9wx author: Papachristodoulou, Eleni title: Long-term and herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: implications from current and past knowledge date: 2020-06-08 words: 1768.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308667-6jr3z9wx.txt summary: Furthermore, data from SARS-CoV suggest that the duration of immunity may not be sufficiently significant, while the immunity response against SARS-CoV-2 may not be efficiently effective in all patients, as relapses have already been reported. In conclusion, the development of an effective vaccine is an urgent necessity, as long-term natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may not be sufficient for the control of the current and future outbreaks. Information from follow-up studies of patients recovered from other coronaviruses may provide a background regarding the possible long-term immune response of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2011) reported that antibody titers were undetectable in 21/23 patients at six years post-infection, while SARS-CoV antigen-specific memory B-cell response was undetectable in all 23 patients. As a consequence, the increasing number of individuals recovered from COVID-19 may not be able to provide effective herd immunity during subsequent post-pandemic waves of infection by mutant variants (Biswas et al. Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered 1 patient cohort and their implications abstract: Effective herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 will be determined on many factors: the percentage of the immune population, the length and effectiveness of the immune response and the stability of the viral epitopes. The required percentage of immune individuals has been estimated to be 50–66% of the population which, given the current infection rates, will take long to be achieved. Furthermore, data from SARS-CoV suggest that the duration of immunity may not be sufficiently significant, while the immunity response against SARS-CoV-2 may not be efficiently effective in all patients, as relapses have already been reported. In addition, the development of mutant strains, which has already been documented, can cause the reemergence of the epidemic. In conclusion, the development of an effective vaccine is an urgent necessity, as long-term natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may not be sufficient for the control of the current and future outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftaa025 doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa025 id: cord-256743-v8vegody author: Papes, Dino title: Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-07 words: 1318.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256743-v8vegody.txt summary: In the aftermath, months from now, the same authors and journals will probably publish corrections and retrospectives recognizing the mentioned issues and justifying them with the need for rapid spread of information that was necessary to fight the virus. By reviewing the published material, one can determine that the majority of articles are of low quality, repetitive, hastily written, methodologically flawed and highly biased. We have determined three main issues in COVID-19 publications: 1) Non-evidence based information/recommendation. All rights reserved 3) both statistical and clinical significance criteria should be clearly defined, critically assessed and approved before conducting and publishing a study with journals being more critical and selective when publishing RCTs, systematic-reviews and meta-analyses. All rights reserved Article and specific design type such as Review, the publication was counted as a specific design type. Methodological challenges of analysing COVID-19 data during the pandemic Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal abstract: Despite the seriousness of the current pandemic, logical and critical thinking, common sense and method remain the mainstay of biomedicine. Unfortunately, the panic caused by the disease has led many to abandon those principles. Some scientists have used the situation to publish substandard articles that would never get published in normal times as journals publish quickly (and gain citations), without proper review and level of criticism. This situation has been used by medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical industry as well, to promote publication of biased sponsored articles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506512/ doi: 10.1111/eci.13301 id: cord-278907-xuq3iay5 author: Papoutsi, Eleni title: Global burden of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers date: 2020-07-06 words: 847.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278907-xuq3iay5.txt summary: Provision of PPE, placing experienced HCWs mostly in organisational positions, increasing testing, minimising exposure by adjusting shift schedules, and providing food and sleep facilities could be some restorative measures to protect HCWs from #COVID19 https://bit.ly/2zcVARW Contrary to aforementioned number of infected HCWs from WHO, our research revealed ⩾67 569 cases of COVID-19 infected HCWs. Interestingly, countries in Asia seem to have lower infection rates among HCWs; this could possibly be attributed either to the readiness of these countries to deal with outbreaks [5, 6] or to the relatively lower health workforce density in south-east Asia [7] . Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for all healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of COVID-19 in order to protect their health and safety. Moreover, since the virus is in the community and could be spread from asymptomatic carriers, HCWs not working with already diagnosed COVID-19 patients risk exposure to the virus and, hence, also need protective measures. abstract: Provision of PPE, placing experienced HCWs mostly in organisational positions, increasing testing, minimising exposure by adjusting shift schedules, and providing food and sleep facilities could be some restorative measures to protect HCWs from #COVID19 https://bit.ly/2zcVARW url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665948/ doi: 10.1183/23120541.00195-2020 id: cord-340284-xo7q4dqr author: Pappa, Sofia title: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-08 words: 2967.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340284-xo7q4dqr.txt summary: The aim of this rapid systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the emerging evidence of the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health of HCW and particularly in relation to the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia. Following search terms were used: ("healthcare workers" OR "medical staff" OR "healthcare professionals") AND ("coronavirus" OR "SARS-COV-2" OR "COVID-19") AND ("depression" OR "anxiety" OR "insomnia" OR "mental health" OR "psychological"). The following data were extracted from each article by two reviews independently: study type, total number of participants, participation rate, region, percentage of physicians, nurses and other HCWs screened in the survey, number of male and female participants, assessment methods used and their cut-offs as well as the total number and percentage of participants that screened positive for depression, anxiety or insomnia. This timely rapid systematic review and meta-analyses of 13 cross-sectional studies and a total of 33062 participants provides early evidence that a high proportion of healthcare professionals experience significant levels of anxiety, depression and insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to significantly affect the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), who stand in the frontline of this crisis. It is, therefore, an immediate priority to monitor rates of mood, sleep and other mental health issues in order to understand mediating factors and inform tailored interventions. The aim of this review is to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among HCWs during the Covid-19 outbreak. METHODS: A systematic search of literature databases was conducted up to April 17(th), 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias for each individual study was assessed and data pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO and is available online. Findings Thirteen studies were included in the analysis with a combined total of 33062 participants. Anxiety was assessed in 12 studies, with a pooled prevalence of 23·2% and depression in 10 studies, with a prevalence rate of 22·8%. A subgroup analysis revealed gender and occupational differences with female HCPs and nurses exhibiting higher rates of affective symptoms compared to male and medical staff respectively. Finally, insomnia prevalence was estimated at 38·9% across 4 studies. Interpretation Early evidence suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience mood and sleep disturbances during this outbreak, stressing the need to establish ways to mitigate mental health risks and adjust interventions under pandemic conditions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915912030845X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026 id: cord-024005-rsnf1ib0 author: Paquet, Mireille title: COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem date: 2020-04-14 words: 1857.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024005-rsnf1ib0.txt summary: While political leaders and media often describe COVID-19 as a crisis, the concept of CIPs generates more analytical power to understand the management of this pandemic in federations and multilevel governance systems. Instead of taking federal arrangements as a starting point, this approach focusses on the nature and characteristics of a policy problem to analyze how governance systems and actors adapt. Our research into a previous CIP in Canada-irregular border crossings-demonstrated a clear pattern of the short-term, medium-term and long-term effects that these types of problems can have on the intergovernmental system (Schertzer and Paquet, 2020) . One of the key takeaways from the surge in irregular border crossings in Canada is that a CIP evolves over time: initial periods of crisis management and collaboration can give way to intergovernmental conflict. Beyond Canada, the concept of CIPs can be used to compare responses to, and the consequences of, COVID-19 in other federations. abstract: Federations increasingly face complex policy challenges, from managing climate change to mass migration. COVID-19 is a prime example of this emerging type of problem. This research note introduces the concept of complex intergovernmental problems (CIPs) to better understand these types of challenges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7184146/ doi: 10.1017/s0008423920000281 id: cord-300640-9pvhaz8q author: Parackova, Zuzana title: Disharmonic Inflammatory Signatures in COVID-19: Augmented Neutrophils’ but Impaired Monocytes’ and Dendritic Cells’ Responsiveness date: 2020-09-29 words: 5975.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300640-9pvhaz8q.txt summary: We demonstrate the impaired functionality of COVID-19 dendritic cells and monocytes, particularly their low expression of maturation markers, increased PD-L1 levels, and their inability to upregulate phenotype upon stimulation. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a rapid increase in surface degranulation markers CD11b and CD66b, and decrease in CD62L, a lectin involved in granulocyte trafficking, on both patient and healthy donor neutrophils ( Figure 1C and Figure S1C ). Only the COVID-19, but not the healthy neutrophils, were able to increase the production of IL-1β and TNFα upon ssRNA stimulation in comparison with untreated cells ( Figure 2B ) indicating a pro-inflammatory bias, possibly due to priming with SARS-CoV-2 or excessive cytokine/chemokine stimulation. In contrast to monocytes and DCs, COVID-19 neutrophils expressed significantly decreased levels of PD-L1 and their stimulation with ssRNA led to elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines. abstract: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged as a pandemic disease posing a severe threat to global health. To date, sporadic studies have demonstrated that innate immune mechanisms, specifically neutrophilia, NETosis, and neutrophil-associated cytokine responses, are involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis; however, our understanding of the exact nature of this aspect of host–pathogen interaction is limited. Here, we present a detailed dissection of the features and functional profiles of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and monocytes in COVID-19. We portray the crucial role of neutrophils as drivers of hyperinflammation associated with COVID-19 disease via the shift towards their immature forms, enhanced degranulation, cytokine production, and augmented interferon responses. We demonstrate the impaired functionality of COVID-19 dendritic cells and monocytes, particularly their low expression of maturation markers, increased PD-L1 levels, and their inability to upregulate phenotype upon stimulation. In summary, our work highlights important data that prompt further research, as therapeutic targeting of neutrophils and their associated products may hold the potential to reduce the severity of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33003471/ doi: 10.3390/cells9102206 id: cord-278440-vti6xp9v author: Paraiso, Ines L title: Potential use of polyphenols in the battle against COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 2338.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278440-vti6xp9v.txt summary: The present mini-review aims to report in silico and in vitro evidence of the potential of polyphenols as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Screening by molecular docking of 33 molecules including natural products, antivirals, antifungals and antiprotozoal agents revealed that rutin (a citrus flavonoid) could bind to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro (PDB: 6Y84) with the highest affinity among the molecules screened [44] . •This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 as receptor for host-cell entry and the S protein needs the serine protease TMPRSS2 for priming. A: An investigation into the identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular docking study Evaluation of green tea polyphenols as novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors -an in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation study Plant-derived natural polyphenols as potential antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition: An in-silico analysis abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. The rising number of cases of this highly transmissible infection have stressed the urgent need to find a potent drug. Although repurposing of known drugs currently provides an accelerated route to approval, there is no satisfactory treatment. Polyphenols, a major class of bioactive compounds in nature, are known for their antiviral activity and pleiotropic effects. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of polyphenols on COVID-19 drug targets as well as to provide a perspective on the possibility to use polyphenols in the development of natural approaches against this viral disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.08.004 id: cord-286644-fafqg4i3 author: Paramore, Louise title: Delivering urgent urological surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: Outcomes from our initial 52 patients. date: 2020-05-14 words: 1127.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286644-fafqg4i3.txt summary: Since first reported in December 2019, the novel RNA betacoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread rapidly across the world with, as of the 3rd May 2020, 3.3 million confirmed cases with more than 230,000 deaths worldwide and more than 200 countries affected. Current evidence shows an incubation period of up to 14 days post exposure to the virus, and on average most patients first display symptoms on day five after initial exposure. Even before then, hospitals in the National Health Service (NHS) had been preparing for a surge in demand by redeploying All patients had standard pre-COVID-19 pre-operative assessments with no COVID-19 swabs taken preceding surgery. Standard operating procedures were followed as per the Public Health England (PHE) COVID-19 infection control policy. 6 During the operation, standard Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures were used by the anaesthetics team. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection abstract: Since first reported in December 2019, the novel RNA betacoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread rapidly across the world with, as of the 3rd May 2020, 3.3 million confirmed cases with more than 230,000 deaths worldwide and more than 200 countries affected. The most common symptoms reported include dry cough, fever and fatigue with ground‐glass opacification bilaterally in the lungs on imaging and lymphopenia on haematological analysis. In severe cases the patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multi organ failure which can lead to death. Transmission of the virus (SARS‐CoV‐2) is via direct contact or via droplets spread by a cough or sneeze from an infected individual. The difficulty in disease detection and containment has been the long course of COVID‐19. Current evidence shows an incubation period of up to 14 days post exposure to the virus, and on average most patients first display symptoms on day five after initial exposure. More importantly, carriers are contagious even during this preceding asymptomatic incubation phase of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410333/ doi: 10.1111/bju.15110 id: cord-318321-jfpbkntx author: Parashar, Bhupesh title: Disease Site-Specific Guidelines for Curative Radiation Treatment During ‘Limited Surgery’ and ‘Hospital Avoidance’: A Radiation Oncology Perspective From the Epicenter of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 words: 5925.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318321-jfpbkntx.txt summary: We focus on three scenarios of cancer care: 1) radiation therapy as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) radiation therapy as a ''bridge'' to surgery, and 3) radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss radiation therapy (RT) options for cancer patients in three settings: 1) RT as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) RT as a ''bridge'' to surgery and 3), radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy. If the risk of hospitalization is high, a different approach should be used: 1) sequential chemotherapy and radiation, 2) reduction of chemotherapy dose, 3) use of a less toxic concurrent systemic or targeted therapy, or 4) RT alone with an option of altered fractionation to compensate for lack of chemotherapy. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented situation where the standard of care (SOC) management for cancers has been altered significantly. Patients with potentially curable cancers are at risk of not receiving timely SOC multidisciplinary treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or combination treatments. Hospital resources are in such high demand for COVID-19 patients that procedures, such as surgery, dentistry, interventional radiology, and other ancillary services, are not available for cancer patients. Our tertiary care center is considered the center of the epicenter in the USA. As a result, all non-emergent surgeries have been suspended in order to provide hospital beds and other resources for COVID-19 patients. Additionally, ambulatory efforts to avoid treatment-related morbidity are critical for keeping patients out of emergency departments and hospitals. In this review article, we discuss evidence-based radiation therapy approaches for curable cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on three scenarios of cancer care: 1) radiation therapy as an alternative to surgery when immediate surgery is not possible, 2) radiation therapy as a ‘bridge’ to surgery, and 3) radiation options definitively or postoperatively, given the risk of hospitalization with high-dose chemotherapy. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8190 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8190 id: cord-282198-ugmv9om1 author: Pare, Joseph R. title: Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound Is More Sensitive than Chest Radiograph for Evaluation of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 3406.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282198-ugmv9om1.txt summary: Our primary objective was to determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines, when excluding patients with alternative etiologies for B-lines, are more sensitive for the associated diagnosis of COVID-19 than CXR. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who presented to a single, academic emergency department in the United States between March 20 and April 6, 2020, and received LUS, CXR, and viral testing for COVID-19 as part of their diagnostic evaluation. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to outperform chest radiograph (CXR) in its ability to detect abnormalities with non-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pulmonary infections. This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study of patients undergoing COVID-19 testing (based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] of nasopharyngeal sampling performed on an assay developed by the Center for Regenerative Medicine at Boston University, operating under an Emergency Use Authorization], who also had both diagnostic LUS and CXR for the evaluation of COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED). abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current recommendations for diagnostic imaging for moderately to severely ill patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include chest radiograph (CXR). Our primary objective was to determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines, when excluding patients with alternative etiologies for B-lines, are more sensitive for the associated diagnosis of COVID-19 than CXR. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who presented to a single, academic emergency department in the United States between March 20 and April 6, 2020, and received LUS, CXR, and viral testing for COVID-19 as part of their diagnostic evaluation. The primary objective was to estimate the test characteristics of both LUS B-lines and CXR for the associated diagnosis of COVID-19. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the proportion of patients with COVID-19 that have secondary LUS findings of pleural abnormalities and subpleural consolidations. RESULTS: We identified 43 patients who underwent both LUS and CXR and were tested for COVID-19. Of these, 27/43 (63%) tested positive. LUS was more sensitive (88.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 71.1–97.0) for the associated diagnosis of COVID-19 than CXR (51.9%, 95% CI, 34.0–69.3; p = 0.013). LUS and CXR specificity were 56.3% (95% CI, 33.2–76.9) and 75.0% (95% CI, 50.0–90.3), respectively (p = 0.453). Secondary LUS findings of patients with COVID-19 demonstrated 21/27 (77.8%) had pleural abnormalities and 10/27 (37%) had subpleural consolidations. CONCLUSION: Among patients who underwent LUS and CXR, LUS was found to have a higher sensitivity than CXR for the evaluation of COVID-19. This data could have important implications as an aid in the diagnostic evaluation of COVID-19, particularly where viral testing is not available or restricted. If generalizable, future directions would include defining how to incorporate LUS into clinical management and its role in screening lower-risk populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32726240/ doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47743 id: cord-335560-fe4ixqdv author: Pareek, Manish title: Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority date: 2020-04-21 words: 570.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335560-fe4ixqdv.txt summary: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues advancing globally, reporting of clinical outcomes and risk factors for intensive care unit admission and mortality are emerging. 1 Striking differences between Chinese and Italian mortality indicate ethnicity might affect disease outcome, but there is little to no data to support or refute this. Individuals from different ethnic backgrounds vary in behaviours, comorbidities, immune profiles, and risk of infection, as exemplified by the increased morbidity and mortality in black and minority ethnic (BME) communities in previous pandemics. Only two (7%) of 29 publications reported ethnicity disaggregated data (both were case series without outcomes specific to ethnicity). BME communities might be at increased risk of acquisition, disease severity, and poor outcomes in COVID-19 for several reasons (figure). Specific ethnic groups, such as south Asians, have higher rates of some comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which have been associated with severe disease and mortality in COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330427/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30922-3 id: cord-342467-3se4s217 author: Parikh, Keval D. title: Quantifying the decrease in emergency department imaging utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic at a multicenter healthcare system in Ohio date: 2020-09-01 words: 4363.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342467-3se4s217.txt summary: PURPOSE: To illustrate the change in emergency department (ED) imaging utilization at a multicenter health system in the state of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed to determine if there was a difference in the number of ED imaging exams performed before the state of emergency was declared in Ohio (March 9, 2020) and during the system-wide trough of utilization amidst the crisis. In Fig. 2c , we see that, in contrast to plain films, chest only imaging in CT makes up 11% (253 of 2232 exams) of the normal volume. At their lowest points, chest plain films thus maintained the highest relative Table 1 Matching pair-wise analysis results assessing statistical significance of change in ED imaging volumes are provided. The 34% (84 Fig. 1 The rolling 7-day total number of imaging exams performed in the emergency department setting within the healthcare institution. abstract: PURPOSE: To illustrate the change in emergency department (ED) imaging utilization at a multicenter health system in the state of Ohio during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted assessing ED imaging volumes between March 1, 2020, and May 11, 2020, during the COVID-19 crisis. A rolling 7-day total value was used for volume tracking and comparison. Total imaging utilization in the ED was compared with new COVID-19 cases in our region. Utilization was first categorized by modality and then by plain films and computed tomography (CT) scans grouped by body part. CT imaging of the chest was specifically investigated by assessing both CT chest only exams and CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis (C/A/P) exams. Ultimately, matching pair-wise statistical analysis of exam volumes was performed to assess significance of volume change. RESULTS: Our multicenter health system experienced a 46% drop in imaging utilization (p < 0.0001) during the pandemic. Matching pair-wise analysis showed a statistically significant volume decrease by each modality and body part. The exceptions were non-contrast chest CT, which increased (p = 0.0053), and non-trauma C/A/P CT, which did not show a statistically significant volume change (p = 0.0633). CONCLUSION: ED imaging utilization trends revealed through actual health system data will help inform evidence-based decisions for more accurate volume predictions and therefore institutional preparedness for current and future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-020-01848-4 doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01848-4 id: cord-131094-1zz8rd3h author: Parisi, L. title: QReLU and m-QReLU: Two novel quantum activation functions to aid medical diagnostics date: 2020-10-15 words: 7546.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-131094-1zz8rd3h.txt summary: Despite a higher computational cost, results indicated an overall higher classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score brought about by either quantum AFs on five of the seven bench-mark datasets, thus demonstrating its potential to be the new benchmark or gold standard AF in CNNs and aid image classification tasks involved in critical applications, such as medical diagnoses of COVID-19 and PD. Despite a higher computational cost (four-fold with respect to the other AFs except for the CReLU''s increase being almost three-fold), the results achieved by either or both the proposed QReLU and m-ReLU AFs, assessed on classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score, indicate an overall higher generalisation achieved on five of the seven benchmark datasets ( Table 2 on the MNIST data, Tables 3 and 5 on PD-related spiral drawings, Tables 7 and 8 on COVID-19 lung US images). abstract: The ReLU activation function (AF) has been extensively applied in deep neural networks, in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), for image classification despite its unresolved dying ReLU problem, which poses challenges to reliable applications. This issue has obvious important implications for critical applications, such as those in healthcare. Recent approaches are just proposing variations of the activation function within the same unresolved dying ReLU challenge. This contribution reports a different research direction by investigating the development of an innovative quantum approach to the ReLU AF that avoids the dying ReLU problem by disruptive design. The Leaky ReLU was leveraged as a baseline on which the two quantum principles of entanglement and superposition were applied to derive the proposed Quantum ReLU (QReLU) and the modified-QReLU (m-QReLU) activation functions. Both QReLU and m-QReLU are implemented and made freely available in TensorFlow and Keras. This original approach is effective and validated extensively in case studies that facilitate the detection of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease (PD) from medical images. The two novel AFs were evaluated in a two-layered CNN against nine ReLU-based AFs on seven benchmark datasets, including images of spiral drawings taken via graphic tablets from patients with Parkinson Disease and healthy subjects, and point-of-care ultrasound images on the lungs of patients with COVID-19, those with pneumonia and healthy controls. Despite a higher computational cost, results indicated an overall higher classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score brought about by either quantum AFs on five of the seven bench-mark datasets, thus demonstrating its potential to be the new benchmark or gold standard AF in CNNs and aid image classification tasks involved in critical applications, such as medical diagnoses of COVID-19 and PD. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.08031v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-288931-d4fyitnk author: Parisi, Valentina title: Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1β a potential target date: 2020-04-18 words: 320.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288931-d4fyitnk.txt summary: A wide spectrum of disease severity has been described, ranging from asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, severe symptomatic requiring hospitalization, to respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Overall, these evidences suggest that the prognosis appears to be more conditioned by the host''s response than by the infection itself, thus a precision medicine approach is highly desirable. In cardiovascular diseases, an important source of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, is the visceral adipose tissue (4) . In conclusion, there are many open questions that merit to be explored: i) to verify the role of NLRP3 in the clinical variability of COVID-19; ii) to test the potential therapeutic effect in COVID-19 of IL-1β inhibition (canakinumab, anakinra); iii) to explore the role of visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inhibitory Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Interleukin-1β on White Adipocyte Browning abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452302X20301674?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.04.006 id: cord-305539-vynlbty5 author: Park, Byunggeon title: Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-08-04 words: 2874.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305539-vynlbty5.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Lung segmentation using volumetric quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis may help predict outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Normally aerated lung proportion (NALP) (HR, 0.872 per percentage; 95% CI, 0.794–0.957; p = 0.004) and NALP volume (NALPV) (HR, 1.002 per mL; 95% CI, 1.000–1.004; p = 0.019) were associated with a lower risk of critical events in the severe pneumonia group (n = 28). CONCLUSION: CRP in the mild pneumonia group; NALP and NALPV in the severe pneumonia group; and sex, CRP, and CALP in the total cohort were independently associated with CEFS in patients with COVID-19. Recent studies reported the use of well-aerated lung volume in patients with ARDS (14) and COVID-19 as a potential imaging biomarker to predict mortality (15) . The main result of our study was that the male sex, high CALP on volumetric quantitative analysis, and high CRP level were independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lung segmentation using volumetric quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis may help predict outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CT volumetric quantitative analysis and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT images from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from February 18 to April 15, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. CT with a negative finding, failure of quantitative analysis, or poor image quality was excluded. CT volumetric quantitative analysis was performed by automated volumetric methods. Patients were stratified into two risk groups according to CURB-65: mild (score of 0–1) and severe (2–5) pneumonia. Outcomes were evaluated according to the critical event-free survival (CEFS). The critical events were defined as mechanical ventilator care, ICU admission, or death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the variables and prognosis. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients (mean age, 63.1 ± 14.5 years; 42 females) were included. In the total cohort, male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 9.264; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.021–42.457; p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (CRP) (HR, 1.080 per mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.010–1.156; p = 0.025), and COVID-affected lung proportion (CALP) (HR, 1.067 per percentage; 95% CI, 1.033–1.101; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CEFS. CRP (HR, 1.164 per mg/dL; 95% CI, 1.006–1.347; p = 0.041) was independently associated with CEFS in the mild pneumonia group (n = 54). Normally aerated lung proportion (NALP) (HR, 0.872 per percentage; 95% CI, 0.794–0.957; p = 0.004) and NALP volume (NALPV) (HR, 1.002 per mL; 95% CI, 1.000–1.004; p = 0.019) were associated with a lower risk of critical events in the severe pneumonia group (n = 28). CONCLUSION: CRP in the mild pneumonia group; NALP and NALPV in the severe pneumonia group; and sex, CRP, and CALP in the total cohort were independently associated with CEFS in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767868/ doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0567 id: cord-280089-x8fs34d7 author: Park, Hayne Cho title: Korean clinical practice guidelines for preventing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hemodialysis facilities date: 2020-06-30 words: 3047.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280089-x8fs34d7.txt summary: Calling on previous experience with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during the 2015 outbreak, the joint committee of the Korean Society of Nephrology and the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy quickly formed a COVID-19 task force team to develop a manual before the first index case was diagnosed in the hemodialysis unit. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within hemodialysis facilities, which were developed to protect patients, healthcare workers, and caregivers from this highly transmissible virus. The areas of infection control covered by these guidelines include standard precautions, performing dialysis therapy for confirmed or suspected cases, performing cohort isolation for contact patients, and disease monitoring and contact surveillance. COVID-19 clinical practice guidelines for HD facilities were developed by a joint committee comprised of members from the Korean Society of Nephrology, the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy, and the Korean Center for Disease Control & Prevention. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease that is caused by the novel virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has become pandemic since December 2019, when the first case developed in Wuhan, China. Patients receiving hemodialysis are more vulnerable to viral transmission because their immune functions are impaired and they receive treatment within a narrow space. Calling on previous experience with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during the 2015 outbreak, the joint committee of the Korean Society of Nephrology and the Korean Society of Dialysis Therapy quickly formed a COVID-19 task force team to develop a manual before the first index case was diagnosed in the hemodialysis unit. This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within hemodialysis facilities, which were developed to protect patients, healthcare workers, and caregivers from this highly transmissible virus. The areas of infection control covered by these guidelines include standard precautions, performing dialysis therapy for confirmed or suspected cases, performing cohort isolation for contact patients, and disease monitoring and contact surveillance. We hope these guidelines help healthcare workers and hemodialysis patients around the world cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.23876/j.krcp.20.046 doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.046 id: cord-342716-h0d47023 author: Park, Hojeong title: A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model date: 2020-07-13 words: 1860.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342716-h0d47023.txt summary: title: A Study on Herd Immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea: Using a Stochastic Economic-Epidemiological Model This paper analyzes the basic reproduction number in South Korea which enables us to identify a necessary level of vaccine stockpile to achieve herd immunity. The herd immunity calculated from economic-epidemiological model suggests that at least 62% of the susceptible population be vaccinated when COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. Although COVID-19 virus is still ongoing in South Korea, the number of new infected cases has been substantially reduced since the mid April. This short paper attempts to examine the herd immunity of COVID-19 using an economic-epidemiological model. The model allows us to calculate the basic reproduction number, R 0 , which is an essential indicator to understand the infective power of the virus. We start with an epidemiological model to analyze the herd immunity of COVID-19 in South Korea. Basic and effective reproduction numbers of COVID-19 cases in South Korea excluding Sincheonji cases abstract: Vaccination is an effective measure to control the diffusion of infectious disease such as COVID-19. This paper analyzes the basic reproduction number in South Korea which enables us to identify a necessary level of vaccine stockpile to achieve herd immunity. An susceptible-infected-susceptible model is adopted that allows a stochastic diffusion. The result shows that the basic reproduction number of South Korea is approximately 2 which is substantially lower than those of the other regions. The herd immunity calculated from economic-epidemiological model suggests that at least 62% of the susceptible population be vaccinated when COVID-19 vaccine becomes available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836840/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00439-8 id: cord-282513-hbqo5ylv author: Park, Hyunbong title: Mental Healthcare Policies in South Korea during the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-06-16 words: 1396.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282513-hbqo5ylv.txt summary: Patients who are diagnosed with being infected by a new virus experience mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and stress during hospitalization or quarantine [3] . Second, in February 2020, during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the National Center for Disaster Trauma organized an integrated psychological support group composed of national and local mental health welfare centers, and conducted preemptive interventions to reduce the mental distress of the people. In addition, when identified as part of a high-risk group for suicide, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, or physical symptoms, it links individuals to specialized medical institutions for proper treatment. In addition, the management of the mental health of local residents in cities such as Daegu, which has a high rate of infection with high levels of anxiety and depression, and medical staff at the forefront of treating infectious diseases, needs to be customized. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.06.006 id: cord-328657-rlrs7spv author: Park, Jay J H title: Clinical trials of disease stages in COVID 19: complicated and often misinterpreted date: 2020-08-20 words: 878.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328657-rlrs7spv.txt summary: The initial remdesivir randomised trial on patients receiving treatment in hospital, in which the median time to remdesivir initiation after symptom onset was 11 days, did not show important statistical benefits for time to clinical improvement. 6 A subsequent randomised trial that initiated remdesivir at a median of 9 days after symptom onset, by contrast, found a shorter recovery time in patients with less severe pulmonary disease than in the placebo group. Conversely, the dexamethasone findings in the RECOVERY trial found benefit in patients with more severe disease requiring oxygen or respiratory support, 5 supporting an antiinflammatory effect when inflammation pathology predominates. 9 Although it is clear that some therapies have no clinical benefits in patients admitted to hospital, there is much uncertainty, and thus clinical equipoise, to justify continuing clinical trials in other COVID-19 disease states. Most ongoing trials are focusing on participants admitted to hospital, and generalising their findings to ambulatory patients might potentially harm opportunities to identify effective outpatient treatments. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214109X2030365X doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30365-x id: cord-259906-9em5tjya author: Park, Ji Young title: First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea date: 2020-03-16 words: 1966.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259906-9em5tjya.txt summary: Because the patient closely contacted her uncle and her mother, she was screened for COVID-19, and three screening tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were all negative on day 1 and 4 since her uncle''s diagnosis (February 1) and day 2 from the last exposure (February 5) to her mother. As the number of confirmed cases surges in Korea, data on pediatric patients need to be comprehensively analyzed to further describe the clinical findings and to learn the role of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: The large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries worldwide. Current epidemiologic knowledge suggests that relatively few cases are seen among children, which limits opportunities to address pediatric specific issues on infection control and the children's contribution to viral spread in the community. Here, we report the first pediatric case of COVID-19 in Korea. The 10-year-old girl was a close contact of her uncle and her mother who were confirmed to have COVID-19. In this report, we present mild clinical course of her pneumonia that did not require antiviral treatment and serial viral test results from multiple specimens. Lastly, we raise concerns on the optimal strategy of self-quarantine and patient care in a negative isolation room for children. url: https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124 id: cord-312399-7oaerpee author: Park, Joo-Hyun title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 words: 4653.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312399-7oaerpee.txt summary: title: The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. All type of reports in the English language that contained the descriptions of clinical features and CT findings except for the review articles were included in a data-set for detailed review, and two reviewers included only studies with data on four or more patients (case-series, cohort, or observational study) into the data-set to provide a higher level of evidence Fever was found to be the most common clinical manifestation in all coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. METHODS: We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated. RESULTS: Nine studies with level IV evidence were considered to be eligible for the meta-analysis, and a comparative analysis was only possible between patients diagnosed in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan in China. Fever (84.8%; 95% CI, 78.5% to 90.1%) was identified as the most common clinical manifestation in all COVID-19 patients, and signs of respiratory infection were also frequently present in these patients. When comparing the clinical features according to the location of diagnosis, fever and dyspnea were less frequent in patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan (fever: 78.1%; 95% CI, 73.2% to 82.7%; dyspnea: 3.80%; 95% CI, 0.13% to 12.22%) than in patients diagnosed in Wuhan (fever: 91.7%; 95% CI, 88.0% to 94.8%; dyspnea: 21.1%; 95% CI, 13.2% to 30.3%). The chest CT findings exhibited no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Fever was found to be the most common symptom in COVID-19, and respiratory infection signs were also commonly present. Fever and dyspnea were less frequently observed in the patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan, which should be considered in COVID-19 screening programs. These results may be attributable to the earlier diagnosis of the disease and the younger age of patients outside of Wuhan although further analysis is needed. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 diagnosis is inconclusive based on this study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32434310/ doi: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00570 id: cord-346635-rcwrbahh author: Park, Kee B. title: Global Neurosurgery in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-18 words: 818.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346635-rcwrbahh.txt summary: 5 The infection and death of HCWs in LMICs will impair the implementation of national COVID-19 responses and increase the workload on healthy staff. Furthermore, elective surgeries have been put on hold to decrease the infection risk for both patients and HCWs and to create additional treatment capacity for the COVID-19 patients. 6 There is now an effort within the global surgery community, whose main objective is to increase surgical capacity in the developing world, to advocate for surgical system strengthening as a component of pandemic preparedness strategy in the LMICs. Investment in surgical system building may be one of the "bestbuys" in pandemic preparedness and global health. Many neurosurgeons may feel that they have very little to add to the COVID-19 discourse, but in the context of strengthening surgical systems in the developing world, steering some of the funds earmarked for pandemic response and preparedness into surgical capacity building can lead to a more robust neurosurgical delivery system in these countries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408721/ doi: 10.14245/ns.2040246.123 id: cord-316631-um0olqet author: Park, Kyung Chan title: Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-01 words: 963.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316631-um0olqet.txt summary: title: Single‐cell oxygen saturation imaging shows that gas exchange by red blood cells is not impaired in COVID‐19 patients Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these findings, 1,2 including pulmonary microvascular thrombosis, dysregulated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and dysfunctional gas transport by red blood cells (RBCs). 10 In a recent letter to this Journal, Hb oxygen affinity was shown to be unaltered in a cohort of 14 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. When expressed in terms of the fraction of cells that release >95% of stored oxygen in a given time (equivalent to capillary transit), there was no effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on RBC O 2 handling (Fig 2) . The cause of hypoxaemia in COVID-19 patients is therefore unlikely to relate to impaired O 2 handling by RBCs, either as a result of direct coronavirus infection or a consequence of the inflammatory state. Haemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients with severe COVID-19 infection abstract: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection is characterised by a marked inflammatory state and viral pneumonitis. A striking clinical feature is severe hypoxaemia, often in the presence of near-normal lung mechanics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678950/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.17025 id: cord-329193-xuxbqbsf author: Park, Soo-kyung title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Fecal Samples from Patients with Asymptomatic and Mild COVID-19 in Korea date: 2020-06-10 words: 3532.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329193-xuxbqbsf.txt summary: Methods We collected data from 46 patients (median age, 26 years; 46% men) with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (without fever and pneumonia) and prolonged respiratory shedding of SARS-CoV-2, quarantined from April 4, 2020 through April 24, 2020 in Korea. Conclusions In an analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea, we found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. New Findings: An analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. New Findings: An analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. abstract: Abstract: Background & Aims Although COVID-19 is characterized by fever and respiratory symptoms, some patients have no or mild symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in feces of patients. We investigated gastrointestinal symptoms and shedding of virus into feces of patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Methods We collected data from 46 patients (median age, 26 years; 46% men) with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (without fever and pneumonia) and prolonged respiratory shedding of SARS-CoV-2, quarantined from April 4, 2020 through April 24, 2020 in Korea. Respiratory specimens included upper respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs) and lower respiratory specimens (sputum) and were collected twice per week. The median interval between COVID-19 diagnosis to the start of fecal sample collection was 37 days (range, 29–41); 213 stool specimens were collected from 46 patients. We used real-time reverse transcription PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory and fecal specimens. Results Gastrointestinal manifestations were observed in 16 of the 46 patients (35%); diarrhea was the most common (15%), followed by abdominal pain (11%), dyspepsia (11%), and nausea (2%). Virus RNA was detected in feces from 2 patients without gastrointestinal symptoms (4%). Mean cycle threshold values from the time of quarantine to the time of fecal collection tended to be lower in patients with virus detected in fecal samples than patients without virus in fecal samples (29.91 vs 33.67 in the first week; 29.47 vs 35.71 in the fifth week, respectively). Shedding of virus into feces persisted until day 50 after diagnosis; fecal samples began to test negative before or at approximately the time that respiratory specimens also began to test negative. Conclusions In an analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea, we found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. The viral load of the respiratory specimens appears be related to shedding of the virus into feces in this group of patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1542356520307771?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.005 id: cord-334960-l5q5wc06 author: Park, Su Eun title: Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19) date: 2020-04-02 words: 3757.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334960-l5q5wc06.txt summary: 9) Two novel strains of coronavirus have jumped species from animal to human, spread by human-to-human transmission, and caused severe acute respiratory syndrome leading to high fatality rate in the past 2 decades. 10) Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated virus (SARS-CoV), previously unknown coronavirus traced to horseshoe bats in southern China, caused 8,096 confirmed cases and 774 deaths (9.6% fatality rate) in 29 countries from November 2002 to July 2003. 19, 20) The virus was initially called 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) upon its emergence, until the Coronaviridae Study Group of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses named the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the phylogenetic analysis, on February 11, 2020. 10) Conclusion Within 3 months since the discovery of a novel coronavirus in patients with pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan City, China, COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world and is beating SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the number of confirmed cases and deaths. abstract: A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002–2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features. url: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00493 doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00493 id: cord-268874-ldja6aa4 author: Park, Sun Hee title: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 6754.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268874-ldja6aa4.txt summary: Although no study has conclusively linked SARS-CoV-2 transmission to contaminated environmental surfaces, indirect contact with fomites is considered a possible route based on the evidence of heavy environmental contamination in healthcare settings, objects used by COVID-19 patients [26, 27] , and the finding that the virus remains viable on plastic surfaces for as long as 3 days [28] . Initially, the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) guidelines recommended coveralls with shoe covers for contact precautions, goggles/face shields for eye protection, N95 or equivalent respirators for respiratory protection, and powered airpurifying respirators (PAPRs) when AGPs are performed [46] . PPE for droplet and contact precautions, such as surgical masks with eye protection, gowns, and gloves, are recommended for HCWs in contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients, and N95 or equivalent respirators should to be worn by HCWs whenever AGPs are performed. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a challenge for healthcare systems, and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure. Protecting HCWs is of paramount importance to maintain continuous patient care and keep healthcare systems functioning. Used alongside administrative and engineering control measures, personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last line of defense and the core component of protection. Current data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. Airborne transmission may occur during aerosol-generating procedures. However, the modes of transmission still remain uncertain, especially regarding the possibility of airborne transmission when aerosol-generating procedures are not performed. Thus, there are some inconsistencies in the respiratory protective equipment recommended by international and national organizations. In Korea, there have been several modifications to PPE recommendations offering options in choosing PPE for respiratory and body protection, which confuses HCWs; they are often unsure what to wear and when to wear it. The choice of PPE is based on the risk of exposure and possible modes of transmission. The level of protection provided by PPE differs based on standards and test methods. Thus, understanding them is the key in selecting the proper PPE. This article reviews evidence on the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, compares the current PPE recommendations of the World Health Organization with those in Korea, and discusses standard requirements and the proper selection of PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165 id: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws author: Park, You Jeong title: Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics date: 2020-08-13 words: 16363.0 sentences: 868.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt summary: A potential target for drug development for COVID-19 also involves inhibition of ACE2, the host cell receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is primed by TMPRSS2 protease and may prevent the entry of the virus. As previously described, the intermolecular interaction between the viral SP and human ACE2 Phase II CAStem cells will be intravenously injected into patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by COVID-19. Phase II Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 will be treated with intravenous UC-MSCs at a dose 1 million xKg. Patient improvement will be evaluated over three weeks, along with the assessment of the immune profile, investigating the stem cells'' effect on the cytokine storm. The similarities in systemic multi-organ complications between H7N9 and Sars-Cov-2 infections, along with direct evidence of the benefits of MSCs transplantation for COVID-19, further supports the potential of stem cells as an effective treatment [138] . abstract: The human population is in the midst of battling a rapidly-spreading virus— Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19. Despite the resurgences in positive cases after reopening businesses in May, the country is seeing a shift in mindset surrounding the pandemic as people have been eagerly trickling out from federally-mandated quarantine into restaurants, bars, and gyms across America. History can teach us about the past, and today’s pandemic is no exception. Without a vaccine available, three lessons from the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic may arm us in our fight against COVID-19. First, those who survived the first wave developed immunity to the second wave, highlighting the potential of passive immunity-based treatments like convalescent plasma and cell-based therapy. Second, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 are unknown. Slow-progressive cases of the Spanish flu have been linked to bacterial pneumonia and neurological disorders later in life, emphasizing the need to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Third, the Spanish flu killed approximately 17 to 50 million people, and the lack of human response, overcrowding, and poor hygiene were key in promoting the spread and high mortality. Human behavior is the most important strategy for preventing the virus spread and we must adhere to proper precautions. This review will cover our current understanding of the pathology and treatment for COVID-19 and highlight similarities between past pandemics. By revisiting history, we hope to emphasize the importance of human behavior and innovative therapies as we wait for the development of a vaccine. [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789802/ doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10026-5 id: cord-354087-wmk0z894 author: Parker, Carmen Black title: Differentiating Domains of Involuntary Containment for Persons with Severe Psychiatric Impairment and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 741.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 24.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354087-wmk0z894.txt summary: Public health, acute medical, and mental health directives intersect: all permit involuntarily detaining individuals for the "safety of themselves or others." As the vignette illustrates, individuals with COVID-19 and severe psychiatric impairment may risk "danger to others" if psychiatric symptoms and poor insight reduce behavioral capacity to adhere to COVID-19 safety regulations. Treating individuals with both COVID-19 and severe psychiatric illness traverses public, physical, and mental health. We, the authors, are witnessing some providers default indiscriminately to more familiar mental health mechanisms of involuntary containment for such persons in various settings, from outpatient to hospital psychiatric consults to state administration. Neither Mr. A nor Ms. B were acutely medically ill from COVID-19, thus their care did not require inpatient medical hospitalization or consequently fall under the domain of medical involuntary holds. Rather, mental health regulations direct instances when acutely exacerbated psychiatric symptoms might coincidentally impair behavioral adherence to COVID-19 precautions, thereby suggesting plausible benefit from involuntary inpatient psychiatric medication and management. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.010 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.010 id: cord-323766-oyyj35bl author: Parker, Michael J title: Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 words: 4597.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323766-oyyj35bl.txt summary: In this paper, our aim is to set out a number of ethical considerations relevant to the use of mobile phone apps to enable rapid contact tracing. Any consideration of the ethical questions arising in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has to place great importance on the moral significance of its international spread and the massive scale ii The effectiveness and reach of any implementation of the app in democratic societies will inevitably be affected by varying configurations of state-citizen relationships, as well as by the roles of civil society groups and non-governmental actors. In this paper, we have set out a number of pressing ethical questions raised by the proposed use of a mobile phone app, the collection of proximity data for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the safe emergence of populations from government-imposed lockdowns. abstract: In this paper we discuss ethical implications of the use of mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing is a well-established feature of public health practice during infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. However, the high proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission in COVID-19 means that standard contact tracing methods are too slow to stop the progression of infection through the population. To address this problem, many countries around the world have deployed or are developing mobile phone apps capable of supporting instantaneous contact tracing. Informed by the on-going mapping of ‘proximity events’ these apps are intended both to inform public health policy and to provide alerts to individuals who have been in contact with a person with the infection. The proposed use of mobile phone data for ‘intelligent physical distancing’ in such contexts raises a number of important ethical questions. In our paper, we outline some ethical considerations that need to be addressed in any deployment of this kind of approach as part of a multidimensional public health response. We also, briefly, explore the implications for its use in future infectious disease outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366705/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106314 id: cord-315498-gpzee1f2 author: Parkinson, N. title: Systematic review and meta-analysis identifies potential host therapeutic targets in COVID-19. date: 2020-09-01 words: 4964.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315498-gpzee1f2.txt summary: 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 In this analysis we systematically identify and combine existing data from human betacoronavirus research to generate a comprehensive ranked list of host genes as a resource to inform further work on COVID-19. To identify existing literature which could provide informative datasets for host gene prioritisation, we conducted a systematic review of published studies and preprint manuscripts pertaining to host gene involvement in human betacoronavirus infection and associated disease. Results from identified studies, in the form of lists of implicated host factor genes, were combined using meta-analysis by information content (MAIC), 3 an approach we previously developed to identify host genes necessary for Influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Table 2 Candidate-gene human genetic studies < 5 hosts in virus group or control group in patient studies Meta-analyses, in silico anayses, re-analysis of data published elsewhere Potentially relevant pre-print manuscripts were identified by screening all papers categorised as COVID-19-related in the bioRxiv and medRxiv servers. abstract: An increasing body of literature describes the role of host factors in COVID-19 pathogenesis. There is a need to combine diverse, multi-omic data in order to evaluate and substantiate the most robust evidence and inform development of future therapies. We conducted a systematic review of experiments identifying host factors involved in human betacoronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses). Gene lists from these diverse sources were integrated using Meta-Analysis by Information Content (MAIC). This previously described algorithm uses data-driven gene list weightings to produce a comprehensive ranked list of implicated host genes. 5,418 genes implicated in human betacoronavirus infection were identified from 32 datasets. The top ranked gene was *PPIA*, encoding cyclophilin A. Pharmacological inhibition with cyclosporine in vitro exerts antiviral activity against several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV. Other highly-ranked genes included proposed prognostic factors (*CXCL10*, *CD4*, *CD3E*) and investigational therapeutic targets (*IL1A*) for COVID-19, but also previously overlooked genes with potential as therapeutic targets. Gene rankings also inform the interpretation of COVID-19 GWAS results, implicating *FYCO1* over other nearby genes in a disease-associated locus on chromosome 3. Pathways enriched in gene rankings included T-cell receptor signalling, protein processing, and viral infections. We identified limited overlap of our gene list with host genes implicated in ARDS (innate immune and inflammation genes) and Influenza A virus infection (RNA-binding and ribosome-associated genes). We will continue to update this dynamic ranked list of host genes as the field develops, as a resource to inform and prioritise future studies. Updated results are available at https://baillielab.net/maic/covid19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182238 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20182238 id: cord-346135-uidvtpjw author: Parks, Anna L. title: COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 2186.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346135-uidvtpjw.txt summary: We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. Protocols differed regarding incorporation of D-dimer tests, dosing of VTE prophylaxis, indications for post-discharge pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, how to evaluate for VTE, and the use of empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. Among the protocols that J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof addressed a clinical question, we then reported the proportion of institutions that supported a specific practice ("consensus"). Although there was near-universal agreement on the need for heparin-based VTE prophylaxis for COVID-19 inpatients without contraindications, recommended dosing strategies varied across institutions (Figure 1a) . In contrast, four protocols (19%) specifically recommended against empiric therapeutic dosing of anticoagulation based on lab values in the absence of other clinical indications such as proven VTE. abstract: As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread to the US, so too did descriptions of an associated coagulopathy and thrombotic complications. Hospitals created institutional protocols for inpatient management of COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis in response to this developing data. We collected and analyzed protocols from 21 US academic medical centers developed between January and May 2020. We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. Protocols differed regarding incorporation of D-dimer tests, dosing of VTE prophylaxis, indications for post-discharge pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, how to evaluate for VTE, and the use of empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. These findings support ongoing efforts to establish international, evidence-based guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.018 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.018 id: cord-345681-sj0ypr2c author: Parks, Courtney A title: Food System Workers are the Unexpected but Under Protected COVID Heroes date: 2020-06-25 words: 2229.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345681-sj0ypr2c.txt summary: Health care practitioners have surfaced as front-line workers addressing the urgent needs of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there remains much ground to gain in terms of providing adequate support and protection for these groups (5) . Some of these stimulus funds are appropriated to various industries and individuals with ∼$23.5 billion to assist farmers, most of which is designated for soy and corn producers (e.g., commodity crops), leaving out producers of "specialty crops" which include FVs. These measures may widen the nutrition gap in the USA, further deteriorating a limited food system to support healthy eating. As Congress considers additional COVID stimulus packages, appropriate workplace health and safety measures must be considered to better protect and support front-line food system workers; otherwise, there most likely will be longlasting, adverse effects on our food system and nation''s health. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an occupational health risk to food system workers including farmers/producers, grocery store workers, emergency food system staff and volunteers (e.g., food pantry workers), and others. These food system workers have been pushed to the front-line of this pandemic, providing essential services that support food consumption for all Americans. Food system workers are some of the most economically vulnerable populations and are at risk of further financial disparities and contraction of COVID-19 during this pandemic. As we continue to grapple with the best strategies to support the food system and mitigate concerns around the spread of COVID-19, appropriate measures must be considered to better protect and support front-line food system workers that safeguard food access for all Americans. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584977/ doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa173 id: cord-325026-k514rh8g author: Parlapani, Eleni title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-19 words: 7919.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325026-k514rh8g.txt summary: The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). As a result, restriction measures deprived older adults of the opportunity to socialize with their peers, compromising psychological wellbeing by bringing on isolation, a condition posing a great risk for depression, anxiety (43) , as well as loneliness (10) . Taking available literature into account, the study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-19, that is, fear, depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, on older individuals. The awareness that increased age is a risk factor for COVID-19related mortality, together with the restriction of family and social contacts due to quarantine measures, had a psychological impact on older adults during the pandemic (79) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a psychological burden on people worldwide, including fear and anxiety. Older adults are considered more vulnerable during public health emergency crises. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological response of older adults during the acute phase of the pandemic in Greece. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was part of a larger three-day online survey. A total of 103 participants over the age of 60 fulfilled inclusion criteria. The survey included sociodemographic questions and six psychometric scales: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (JGLS). RESULTS: A significant proportion of the participants reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms (81.6%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (84.5%), as well as disrupted sleep (37.9%). Women reported significantly higher levels of COVID-19–related fear, more severe depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances, as well as higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Participants living alone showed higher levels of loneliness. Intolerance of uncertainty was shown to modulate levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS: During the quarantine, attention was promptly drawn upon the risks related with older people’s loneliness. Studies identifying factors that may contribute to loneliness during a public health emergency facilitate the implementation of supportive interventions. Preparedness to address and manage older people’s loneliness may limit this deleterious emotional response during the pandemic, as well as at the post-COVID-19 phase. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00842 id: cord-322258-rl9o60cs author: Parmar, Chetan title: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-07-15 words: 1055.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322258-rl9o60cs.txt summary: title: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Can Prevent People with Obesity from COVID-19 Infection The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 8.9 million globally and caused death of nearly 469,587 people (https:// www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ situation-reports). Published literature shows that the predictors of poor outcomes in COVID-19 infection are obesity, hypertension (HT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1] , (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are more susceptible for respiratory infection and have poor outcomes (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports). There were also concerns that BMS alters immunity and these patients are at higher risk of getting infected by COVID-19 [8] . Patients with BMS surgery are not at increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared with the general population. Patients with obesity who had BMS, decreases their fat stores, improves their comorbidities, and hence makes them less susceptible to severe outcomes if they catch COVID-19 infection. We need to strategize to fight these two pandemics, COVID-19 and obesity, simultaneously [1] (https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/ Reports). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671726/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04843-3 id: cord-317238-uszhwugw author: Parodi, Aurora title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria. Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role? date: 2020-06-25 words: 868.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317238-uszhwugw.txt summary: According to the data of Italian Superior Institute of Health, in Bergamo, one of the cities of Lombardia mostly affect, the black people with moderate to severe COVID-19 are about 1,6% of COVID-19 patients [1] . However it is known that in African-Americans the severity of COVID-19 is high so, we think that the theory of immune genetic factors does not completely explain the answer. In addition children who, usually have antibodies to different viruses or bacteria are known to be protected towards COVID-19 [8] . Also coronavirus 19 presents different glycoproteins (GPs):membrane GPs, spike GPs and GPs that have acetyl esterase and hemagglutination properties .These GPs could be recognized by the antibodies produced in malaria and could protect by virus infection or induced a milder disease [9] . The natural anti histo-blood group antibodies may play a favorable role in antiviral immunity since the viruses may carry ABH structures in their envelope glycoproteins as previously demonstrated for other coronavirus [11] . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030698772031389X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110036 id: cord-029631-hdqzjdz3 author: Parodi, Stephen title: Kaiser Permanente’s System Capabilities to Suppress Covid-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 2375.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029631-hdqzjdz3.txt summary: Kaiser Permanente is developing eight capabilities aimed at suppressing the novel coronavirus that include robust testing, telehealth, contact tracing, partnerships with advocacy groups, planning for future surges, risk modeling to prioritize deferred care, and clinical research. Without aggressive disease mitigation strategies like social distancing and shelter-in-place orders, surges in Covid-19 infection can rapidly overwhelm health care capacity and exacerbate death rates.5 -10 However, with aggressive mitigation strategies in place, radical changes to social and economic activity can have profound consequences on a community''s ability to meet its citizens'' basic needs. 22 Breaking the chain of household " transmission, which may be providing a critical pathway for disease spread, will also be essential.23 Guided by our experiences with highly successful population management programs, Kaiser Permanente will work to ensure that infection-prevention practices, early identification of contacts, and testing of additional patients are carried out, whether the setting is a skilled nursing facility, a residential care facility, or a personal home. abstract: Kaiser Permanente is developing eight capabilities aimed at suppressing the novel coronavirus that include robust testing, telehealth, contact tracing, partnerships with advocacy groups, planning for future surges, risk modeling to prioritize deferred care, and clinical research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371334/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0187 id: cord-289655-umc2t7du author: Parohan, Mohammad title: Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-09 words: 1483.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289655-umc2t7du.txt summary: title: Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to be higher in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. Several studies have reported the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings associated with different degrees of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 infection [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . Two reviewers (MP and AS) extracted the following data from the studies: author''s name, publication year, study design, sample size, age and gender of patients, serum levels of AST, ALT, Albumin and Bilirubin and outcome assessment methods. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between serum levels of AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin with severity of COVID-19 infection. abstract: AIM: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak is a major threat to human beings. Lung injury has been reported as the major outcome of COVID‐19 infection. However, liver damage has also been considered to occur in severe cases. Current meta‐analysis of retrospective studies was done to summarize available findings on the association between liver injury and severity of COVID‐19 infection. METHODS: Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched to detect relevant publications up to 1 April 2020, using relevant keywords. To pool data, a fixed‐ or random‐effects model was used depending on the heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore, publication bias test and sensitivity analysis were also done. RESULTS: In total, 20 retrospective studies with 3,428 COVID‐19 infected patients (severe cases = 1,455 and mild cases = 1,973), were included in this meta‐analysis. Higher serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (weighted mean difference = 8.84 U/L, 95% CI = 5.97 to 11.71, P<0.001), Alanine aminotransferase (weighted mean difference = 7.35 U/L, 95% CI = 4.77 to 9.93, P<0.001), total Bilirubin (weighted mean difference = 2.30 mmol/L, 95% CI = 1.24 to 3.36, P<0.001) and lower serum levels of Albumin (weighted mean difference = ‐4.24 g/L, 95% CI = ‐6.20 to ‐2.28, P<0.001), were associated with a significant increase in the severity of COVID‐19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to be higher in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386449/ doi: 10.1111/hepr.13510 id: cord-322577-5bboc1z0 author: Parola, Anna title: Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults date: 2020-10-02 words: 6597.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322577-5bboc1z0.txt summary: Despite several recent psychological researches on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighting that young adults represent a high risk category, no studies specifically focused on young adults'' mental health status have been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess and monitor Italian young adults'' mental health status during the first 4 weeks of lockdown through the use of a longitudinal panel design. The Syndromic Scales of Adult Self-Report 18-59 were used to assess the internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (aggressive, rule-breaking, and intrusive behavior), and personal strengths. CONCLUSIONS: The results contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency, helping to plan and develop efficient intervention projects able to take care of young adults'' mental health in the long term. This study assessed and monitored Italian young adults'' mental health status during the firsts 4 weeks of lockdown imposed by the government during the COVID-19 outbreak, from March 16 to April 16. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health emergencies, such as epidemics, have detrimental and long-lasting consequences on people’s mental health, which are higher during the implementation of strict lockdown measures. Despite several recent psychological researches on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighting that young adults represent a high risk category, no studies specifically focused on young adults’ mental health status have been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess and monitor Italian young adults’ mental health status during the first 4 weeks of lockdown through the use of a longitudinal panel design. METHODS: Participants (n = 97) provided self-reports in four time intervals (1-week intervals) in 1 month. The Syndromic Scales of Adult Self-Report 18-59 were used to assess the internalizing problems (anxiety/depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints), externalizing problems (aggressive, rule-breaking, and intrusive behavior), and personal strengths. To determine the time-varying effects of prolonged quarantine, a growth curve modeling will be performed. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in anxiety/depression, withdrawal, somatic complaints, aggressive behavior, rule-breaking behavior, and internalizing and externalizing problems and a decrease in intrusive behavior and personal strengths from T1 to T4. CONCLUSIONS: The results contributed to the ongoing debate concerning the psychological impact of the COVID-19 emergency, helping to plan and develop efficient intervention projects able to take care of young adults’ mental health in the long term. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567484 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567484 id: cord-350065-frg7gvf5 author: Parolari, Alessandro title: Safety for all: coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and cardiac surgery: a roadmap to ‘phase’ 2 date: 2020-05-11 words: 2438.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350065-frg7gvf5.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led the emergency task forces of the 20 Italian regions to reallocate intensive care unit resources, to cancel elective surgical procedures and to allocate intensive care unit beds usually dedicated to cardiac, neurosurgery and some coronary care patients to the care of patients with COVID-19 [3] . Our strategy is based on achieving the following 2 goals: (i) given the geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic, assessing the level of spread and severity in any given area and (ii) developing a COVID-free pathway to mitigate the risk of nosocomial infection. Although some areas have used the ''hub and spoke'' approach whereby hospitals delivering cardiac surgery are not routinely treating COVID-19 patients, the focus and the challenge during phase 2 are the reconversion of the cardiac surgical departments where resources had previously been redeployed for the treatment of infected patients, the most common approach adopted in Italy during phase 1. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa187 doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa187 id: cord-253170-mjy4culg author: Parra-Lara, Luis Gabriel title: Azithromycin and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where we are now and where we are going date: 2020-07-01 words: 1330.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253170-mjy4culg.txt summary: • Due to its mechanism of action and various anti-inflammatory effects, azithromycin is a promising medicine for the treatment of the coronavirus COVID-19. In combination with hydroxychloroquine, it was recently shown that azithromycin inhibits the replication of the coronavirus COVID-19, in an open-label clinical trial conducted in France (5) . The group of patients who received hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy had significantly higher viral loads than those who received the combined therapy with azithromycin, so the true adjuvant efficacy of this drug may be overestimated in the virus eradication rates. However, the mechanism by which the combination of a macrolide with hydroxychloroquine stops the production of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains unknown, and to date no in vitro studies have been reported with results in this regard. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial abstract: • Due to its mechanism of action and various anti-inflammatory effects, azithromycin is a promising medicine for the treatment of the coronavirus COVID-19. • The studies that have been done so far on the use of azithromycin in the management of the COVID-19 coronavirus have had various methodological limitations. At the moment, no conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of this drug as an adjunct to hydroxychloroquine. • Azithromycin has serious cardiac adverse effects such as QT prolongation. Hydroxychloroquine also has them. The combination of these two drugs should be determined with caution. • At the moment 21 clinical trials are being carried out on the use of azithromycin in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32622008/ doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.06.016 id: cord-268357-oijcqk0n author: Parra-Medina, Rafael title: Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression date: 2020-07-21 words: 719.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268357-oijcqk0n.txt summary: title: Comments to: A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression Based on the 250 COVID-19 autopsies found during our systematic review through March 30, 2020; we concur with the article hypothesis of mechanisms of infection and the tissular injury. Disorders of macrophages as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) have been reported in COVID-19 [6, 7] . This condition has also been reported in cases with SARS-CoV-1 and in other viral infections like hepatitis B and C, mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV, and HPV [18] . A systematic review of pathological findings in COVID-19: a pathophysiological timeline and possible mechanisms of disease progression Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimal invasive autopsies The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly decimates human spleens and lymph nodes. SARS-CoV-2 infection associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an autopsy series with clinical and laboratory correlation. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-0631-z doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0631-z id: cord-261311-j6bmgmhz author: Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora title: Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview date: 2020-07-31 words: 4307.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261311-j6bmgmhz.txt summary: COVID-19 patients may present high risk in the use of medications and clinical pharmacists can contribute substantially as part of a multidisciplinary team to improve outcomes in drug therapy in severe and critical illness. The course of an intense inflammatory process leads to alterations in many Review of patients'' medical history Provision of real-time assessment and evidence-based (when possible) advice on drug therapy Support on safe use of medications brought from home Medication reconciliation at different levels of transition of care Simplification of drug administration schedule to reduce the exposure of nurses to COVID-19 patients Monitoring of potential drug-drug, drug-food interactions and adverse drug reactions Adjustments in dosing regimens according to liver and kidney functions Prevention of medication errors Optimization of drug therapy and electrolytes to minimize the risk of prolonged corrected QT intervals and torsade de pointes Support on lung-protective ventilation and neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate ventilator synchrony Provision of conservative fluid strategies and monitoring of vasopressors use Monitoring of empirical antibiotics for suspected bacterial co-infection with rigorous de-escalation Employment of FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic to identify drug-related problems in intensive care units Support on drug information to patients and multidisciplinary teams, following biosafety protocols Considerations on special situations (pediatrics, older adults, people with chronic diseases, allergies) Research and continuing education Precise documentation of pharmaceutical interventions laboratory tests in patients with acute or severe/critical illness. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries is worrisome due to the social inequalities in these countries, their limited health budgets and the significant burden of other acute and chronic diseases. The leap in the number of cases in Brazil has imposed a huge strain on the healthcare system. We sought to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered by pharmacy services in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic emergency in Brazil and discuss the role of clinical pharmacists in this context. Pharmaceutical services play a key role in the emergency response to the pandemic. The pharmacy workforce has been actively working to manage drug shortages, redesign workflow, and review drug formularies/protocols to improve safety for patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). COVID-19 patients may present high risk in the use of medications and clinical pharmacists can contribute substantially as part of a multidisciplinary team to improve outcomes in drug therapy in severe and critical illness. The participation of pharmacists as members of antimicrobial stewardship programs should be enhanced to ensure appropriate and safe use of antibiotics in this context. HCPs should be encouraged to seek improvements in the performance of pharmaceutical services and innovative practices to respond to the pandemic. Further studies are needed to generate knowledge on COVID-19 to improve patient care in vulnerable populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837194/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00761-7 id: cord-285254-8a1cia8s author: Parry, Nicola M.A. title: COVID-19 and pets: When pandemic meets panic date: 2020-12-31 words: 3624.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285254-8a1cia8s.txt summary: Concern also rapidly emerged among pet owners and the general public in late February 2020, when a dog in Hong Kong tested positive for the novel coronavirus. Although the dog had no clinical signs, he was taken to a nearby animal quarantine facility where oral, nasal, and rectal swab specimens were collected from him for SARS-CoV-2 testing. In late March 2020, health officials in Belgium reported that a cat from Liège province had also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, about 1 week after its owner was diagnosed with COVID-19. Thus, the positive RT-PCR results in these pets do not necessarily indicate the presence of viable virus that was infectious and could potentially have put other people (or animals) at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Abstract As the novel coronavirus outbreak spreads globally with devastating effects on human health, pets are also becoming unnecessary victims amidst the pandemic panic. Many have been reluctantly left home alone by owners who have been forced to temporarily evacuate their homes. And, although no evidence exists to indicate that they can either transmit the virus or develop its associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fear among the public that pets might play a role in spreading COVID-19 has resulted in pets being abandoned or even killed. This article outlines some of the ways in which the current pandemic has negatively impacted the welfare of pets. It also highlights the relationships between animal, human, and environmental health, as well as the importance of taking a collaborative transdisciplinary One Health approach to help prevent future COVID-19 outbreaks. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910720300396 doi: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100090 id: cord-356146-0vqg3r2e author: Parsi, Kurosh title: Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. The publications are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. The contribution has been published under a Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). date: 2020-07-08 words: 2093.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356146-0vqg3r2e.txt summary: title: Triage of patients with venous and lymphatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic – The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale (VELTAS): A consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), American Venous Forum (AVF), European College of Phlebology (ECoP), European Venous Forum (EVF), Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA), Latin American Venous Forum, Pan-American Society of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Venous Association of India (VAI) This consensus document has been co-published in Phlebology [DOI: 10.1177/0268355520930884] and Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.002]. Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale aims to standardise the triage of patients with venous and lymphatic disease or vascular anomalies by providing an international consensus-based classification of clinical categories and triage urgency. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in diversion of healthcare resources to the management of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Elective interventions and surgical procedures in most countries have been postponed and operating room resources have been diverted to manage the pandemic. The Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale was developed to provide an international standard to rationalise and harmonise the management of patients with venous and lymphatic disorders or vascular anomalies. Triage urgency was determined based on clinical assessment of urgency with which a patient would require medical treatment or surgical intervention. Clinical conditions were classified into six categories of: (1) venous thromboembolism (VTE), (2) chronic venous disease, (3) vascular anomalies, (4) venous trauma, (5) venous compression and (6) lymphatic disease. Triage urgency was categorised into four groups and individual conditions were allocated to each class of triage. These included (1) medical emergencies (requiring immediate attendance), example massive pulmonary embolism; (2) urgent (to be seen as soon as possible), example deep vein thrombosis; (3) semi-urgent (to be attended to within 30–90 days), example highly symptomatic chronic venous disease, and (4) discretionary/non-urgent- (to be seen within 6–12 months), example chronic lymphoedema. Venous and Lymphatic Triage and Acuity Scale aims to standardise the triage of patients with venous and lymphatic disease or vascular anomalies by providing an international consensus-based classification of clinical categories and triage urgency. The scale may be used during pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis but may also be used as a general framework to classify urgency of the listed conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32639862/ doi: 10.1177/0268355520930884 id: cord-309829-3dlfcy31 author: Parupudi, Tejasvi title: Evidence-based point-of-care technology development during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 words: 4774.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309829-3dlfcy31.txt summary: As learnt from previous viral epidemicsfor example, influenza (H1N1) in 2009, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the SARS outbreak during 2003 -rapid and accurate diagnostic testing with point-of-care technologies (POCTs) is beneficial in early identification [2, 3] . The need for rapid screening, triage and isolation of affected populations, the ability to monitor and stratify patients at home, in the clinic and in intensive care units (ICUs), and the associated decisions caregivers must take based on the test results underline the significance of POCTs. The WHO forum responsible for identifying immediate research needs and research gaps for COVID-19 recognized mobilizing research on rapid POC diagnostics for use at the community level and ensuring access to accurate and standardized diagnostics as one of the eight immediate research actions [4] . abstract: Since December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that began in Wuhan, China has spread to nearly every continent and become a global health concern. Although much has been discovered about COVID-19 and its pathogenesis, the WHO has identified an immediate need to increase the levels of testing for COVID-19 and identify the stages of the disease accurately for appropriate action to be taken by clinicians and emergency care units. Harnessing technology for accurate diagnosis and staging will improve patient outcomes and minimize serious consequences of false-positive test results. Point-of-care technologies aim to intervene at every stage of the disease to quickly identify infected patients and asymptomatic carriers and stratify them for timely treatment. This requires the tests to be rapid, accurate, sensitive, simple to use and compatible with many body fluids. Mobile platforms are optimal for remote, small-scale deployment, whereas facility-based platforms at hospital centers and laboratory settings offer higher throughput. Here we review evidence-based point-of-care technologies in the context of the entire continuum of COVID-19, from early screening to treatment, and discuss their impact on improving patient outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0096 doi: 10.2144/btn-2020-0096 id: cord-184744-oyc2djxk author: Parvez, Md Sorwer Alam title: Virtual Screening of Plant Metabolites against Main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: Therapeutics option of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 3653.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-184744-oyc2djxk.txt summary: The present study evaluated the possibility of plant originated approved 117 therapeutics against the main protease protein (MPP), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 including drug surface analysis by using molecular docking through drug repurposing approaches. The molecular interaction study revealed that Rifampin (-16.3 kcal/mol) were topmost inhibitor of MPP where Azobechalcone were found most potent plant therapeutics for blocking the RdRp (-15.9 kcal /mol) and S (-14.4 kcal/mol) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The main protease proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were employed to molecular docking study with the repurposed drug candidates from plant origin for find out the better drug option towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, five plantr based therapeutics such as Azobechalcone, Rifampin, Isolophirachalcone, Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline were suggested for potential inhibitors for the Main Protease protein, RNA dependent RNA polymerase and Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by using molecular docking based virtual screening study. abstract: Covid-19, a serious respiratory complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the global threat to human healthcare system. The present study evaluated the possibility of plant originated approved 117 therapeutics against the main protease protein (MPP), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 including drug surface analysis by using molecular docking through drug repurposing approaches. The molecular interaction study revealed that Rifampin (-16.3 kcal/mol) were topmost inhibitor of MPP where Azobechalcone were found most potent plant therapeutics for blocking the RdRp (-15.9 kcal /mol) and S (-14.4 kcal/mol) protein of SARS-CoV-2. After the comparative analysis of all docking results, Azobechalcone, Rifampin, Isolophirachalcone, Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline were exhibited as the most potential inhibitory plant compounds for targeting the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2. However, amino acid positions; H41, C145, and M165 of MPP played crucial roles for the drug surface interaction where F368, L371, L372, A375, W509, L514, Y515 were pivotal for RdRP. In addition, the drug interaction surface of S proteins also showed similar patterns with all of its maximum inhibitors. ADME analysis also strengthened the possibility of screened plant therapeutics as the potent drug candidates against SARS-C with the highest drug friendliness. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.11254v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-258109-19zqd907 author: Pasarikovski, Christopher R. title: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volume date: 2020-06-04 words: 1080.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258109-19zqd907.txt summary: 1, 4 While it has been reported that Covid-19 infection may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion in younger patients at our center, we observed the opposite, with the Covid-19 pandemic resulting not only in a decrease in the number of EVTs, but in the number of acute code strokes in general. 5, 6 While this may reflect a natural variation in the number of strokes in the population over time, our assumption is that measures aimed at minimizing exposure to Covid-19 have influenced the decision of patients to seek medical attention. With respect to the various means of patient presentation for code stroke activation (directly via emergency medical services [EMS], transfer from another hospital, emergency room walk-in, and inpatients), it appears that the decrease in code stroke volume is evenly distributed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493522/ doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.116 id: cord-292792-goh51sya author: Pascual Gómez, Natalia F. title: Potenciales biomarcadores predictores de mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias date: 2020-07-13 words: 2969.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292792-goh51sya.txt summary: Nuestro objetivo principal con este estudio fue identificar qué marcadores séricos realizados en la primera analítica de urgencias pueden ayudarnos, junto a parámetros clínicos, a estratificar según riesgo de mortalidad a 30 días a los pacientes con sospecha de infección por SARS-COV-2 que acuden al Servicio de Urgencias. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas (sexo, edad) clínicas (Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), Severity Score for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CURB65), fiebre (T ≥ 37,8ºC), tos, mortalidad a 30 días) enfermedades concomitantes y hábitos tóxicos (hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM), dislipemia (DL), hábito tabáquico), la presencia de infiltrados en la radiografía de tórax, test de rRT-PCR para COVID-19 y los siguientes parámetros analíticos (leucocitos totales, linfocitos totales, neutrófilos totales, hematocrito, dímero-D, glucosa, urea, creatinina, sodio, GOT, GPT, LDH, GGT, pH arterial y venoso y lactato). El presente estudio muestra que leucocitos totales>11.000 cél/mm 3 , creatinina>1,1 mg/dL, glucosa >126 mg/dL junto con la edad >75 años de pacientes con sospecha de COVID-19, con independencia del sexo, son factores que podrían utilizarse para crear un Score de riesgo de aplicación en Urgencias por asociarse de manera independiente con la mortalidad global a los 30 días. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identify which biomarkers performed in the first emergency analysis help to stratify COVID-19 patients according to mortality risk. METHOD: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study performed with data collected from patients with suspected COVID-19 in the Emergency Department from February 24 to March 16, 2020. The univariate and multivariate study was performed to find independent mortality markers and calculate risk by building a severity score. RESULTS: A total of 163 patients were included, of whom 33 died and 29 of them were positive for the COVID-19 PCR test. We obtained as possible factors to conform the Mortality Risk Score age> 75 years ((adjusted OR = 12,347, 95% CI: 4,138-36,845 p = 0.001), total leukocytes> 11,000 cells / mm(3) (adjusted OR = 2,649, 95% CI: 0.879-7.981 p = 0.083), glucose> 126 mg / dL (adjusted OR = 3.716, 95% CI: 1.24711.074 p = 0.018) and creatinine> 1.1 mg / dL (adjusted OR = 2.566, 95% CI: 0.8897.403, p = 0.081) This score was called COVEB (COVID, Age, Basic analytical profile) with an AUC 0.874 (95% CI: 0.816-0.933, p <0.001; Cut-off point = 1 (sensitivity = 89.66 % (95% CI: 72.6% -97.8%), specificity = 75.59% (95% CI: 67.2% -82.8%). A score <1 has a negative predictive value = 100% (95% CI: 93.51% -100%) and a positive predictive value = 18.59% (95% CI: 12.82% -25.59%). CONCLUSIONS: . Clinical severity scales, kidney function biomarkers, white blood cell count parameters, the total neutrophils / total lymphocytes ratio and procalcitonin are early risk factors for mortality. The variables age, glucose, creatinine and total leukocytes stand out as the best predictors of mortality. A COVEB score <1 indicates with a 100% probability that the patient with suspected COVID-19 will not die in the next 30 days. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657550/ doi: 10.37201/req/060.2020 id: cord-294792-m6phbueb author: Pascual-Prieto, Javier title: Epidemia covid-19: ¿debe el oftalmólogo estar alerta ante las paresias oculomotoras? date: 2020-05-23 words: 510.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294792-m6phbueb.txt summary: En la literatura revisada, los casos de paresias oculomotoras o síndromes neurológicos han acontecido en pacientes con enfermedad moderada-severa 3-5 . Sin embargo, otros grupos han publicado casos en los que teorizan una etiología para-infecciosa o simultánea para este mismo síndrome 5, 6 Como ya advierten Gutiérrez-Ortiz et al., es importante pensar que la relación entre las oftalmoparesias y la enfermedad por COVID-19 puede haber sido solo coincidental 3 Otros autores sugieren que en los pacientes más graves se desencadenan sucesos de hiperinflamación que pueden provocar fenómenos de inmunotrombosis en la microvasculatura. Aunque en nuestros pacientes con parálisis oculomotoras aisladas la enfermedad COVID-19 ha sido leve-moderada, no deja de ser una hipótesis que pudiera estar en consonancia con la etiología microvascular de los vasa nervorum. Podemos resumir que ante la falta de evidencia sobre la causa o casualidad de estos fenómenos neuroftalmológicos en el contexto de la enfermedad por COVID-19, el oftalmólogo puede y debe contribuir a esclarecer estas relaciones. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0365669120301726 doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.05.002 id: cord-329713-dqmvpqtd author: Pasin, Laura title: Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy date: 2020-05-15 words: 1815.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329713-dqmvpqtd.txt summary: Considering the epidemiologic data reported from China, 2,3 it was immediately clear that the number of COVID-19 patients requiring hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission would rapidly overwhelm the total ICU capacity, thereby resulting in an unexpected systemic crisis due to the imbalance between increased health care demand and potential of supply. They were managed with isolation measures until proven clear of SARS-CoV-2, whereas patients positive for infection were discharged home or admitted to the hospital according to the severity of clinical conditions and laboratory tests. Based on the data arising from the outbreak in China, which reported a 5% ICU admission rate (2.6%-8%), it became clear that the expected number of critically ill COVID-19 patients would not have been manageable in Veneto without increasing ICU capacity. The number of beds in COVID-19-dedicated medical wards also was increased and the health care provision was strengthened by instructing personnel on high-flow oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure use. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005 id: cord-304928-qcwtgx2b author: Pasini, Elena title: EEG findings in COVID-19 related encephalopathy date: 2020-07-18 words: 1148.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304928-qcwtgx2b.txt summary: patients showing a unique EEG pattern, i.e., non-reactive bifrontal monomorphic diphasic periodic delta waves, and suggested that this pattern could be typical of COVID-19 brain dysfunction (Vellieux et al., 2020) . Here we report the EEG findings in 15 patients with suspected COVID-19 related encephalopathy, stemming from a population of 873 patients admitted to our hospital in a 3 months period (from March 1 to May 31, 2020) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Absent EEG reactivity with bifrontal monomorphic periodic delta waves was reported by Vellieux et al., who suggested that this pattern could be specific of COVID-19 related encephalopathy (Vellieux et al., 2020) . In detail, we have shown that COVID-19 related encephalopathy may be associated with a rather homogeneous EEG pattern consisting of a diffuse slowing of the background activity and loss of reactivity to external stimuli. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32736327/ doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.07.003 id: cord-336390-ptnpgh3j author: Passamonti, Francesco title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study date: 2020-08-13 words: 4672.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336390-ptnpgh3j.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study Methods This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study included adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with diagnosis of a WHO-defined haematological malignancy admitted to 66 Italian hospitals between Feb 25 and May 18, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19. Older age (hazard ratio 1·03, 95% CI 1·01–1·05); progressive disease status (2·10, 1·41–3·12); diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (3·49, 1·56–7·81), indolent non-Hodgin lymphoma (2·19, 1·07–4·48), aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2·56, 1·34–4·89), or plasma cell neoplasms (2·48, 1·31–4·69), and severe or critical COVID-19 (4·08, 2·73–6·09) were associated with worse overall survival. Among patients with severe or critical COVID-19, the Fine and Gray model was applied to study patient characteristics (age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, type and status of haematological malignancy) associated with ICU admission, treating death as a competing event in the univariate model. abstract: Summary Background Several small studies on patients with COVID-19 and haematological malignancies are available showing a high mortality in this population. The Italian Hematology Alliance on COVID-19 aimed to collect data from adult patients with haematological malignancies who required hospitalisation for COVID-19. Methods This multicentre, retrospective, cohort study included adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with diagnosis of a WHO-defined haematological malignancy admitted to 66 Italian hospitals between Feb 25 and May 18, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed and symptomatic COVID-19. Data cutoff for this analysis was June 22, 2020. The primary outcome was mortality and evaluation of potential predictive parameters of mortality. We calculated standardised mortality ratios between observed death in the study cohort and expected death by applying stratum-specific mortality rates of the Italian population with COVID-19 and an Italian cohort of 31 993 patients with haematological malignancies without COVID-19 (data up to March 1, 2019). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with overall survival. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04352556, and the prospective part of the study is ongoing. Findings We enrolled 536 patients with a median follow-up of 20 days (IQR 10–34) at data cutoff, 85 (16%) of whom were managed as outpatients. 440 (98%) of 451 hospitalised patients completed their hospital course (were either discharged alive or died). 198 (37%) of 536 patients died. When compared with the general Italian population with COVID-19, the standardised mortality ratio was 2·04 (95% CI 1·77–2·34) in our whole study cohort and 3·72 (2·86–4·64) in individuals younger than 70 years. When compared with the non-COVID-19 cohort with haematological malignancies, the standardised mortality ratio was 41·3 (38·1–44·9). Older age (hazard ratio 1·03, 95% CI 1·01–1·05); progressive disease status (2·10, 1·41–3·12); diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (3·49, 1·56–7·81), indolent non-Hodgin lymphoma (2·19, 1·07–4·48), aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2·56, 1·34–4·89), or plasma cell neoplasms (2·48, 1·31–4·69), and severe or critical COVID-19 (4·08, 2·73–6·09) were associated with worse overall survival. Interpretation This study adds to the evidence that patients with haematological malignancies have worse outcomes than both the general population with COVID-19 and patients with haematological malignancies without COVID-19. The high mortality among patients with haematological malignancies hospitalised with COVID-19 highlights the need for aggressive infection prevention strategies, at least until effective vaccination or treatment strategies are available. Funding Associazione italiana contro le leucemie, linfomi e mieloma–Varese Onlus. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352302620302519 doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30251-9 id: cord-322296-8j4xw3vp author: Passamonti, Serena Maria title: Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: “The great bet” in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area date: 2020-07-07 words: 1513.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322296-8j4xw3vp.txt summary: title: Solid organ transplantation in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era: "The great bet" in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION solid organ transplantation may be considered challenging for waitlist patients during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM the aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 incidence and mortality in patients transplanted in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area during the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS this study showed a low COVID-19 incidence and related-mortality in patients transplanted during the COVID-19 era. this study showed a low COVID-19 incidence and related-mortality in patients transplanted during the COVID-19 era. The first outcome was the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in transplanted patients and COVID-19 related mortality. In our study COVID-19 had a 4.0 % incidence in recipients transplanted during the pandemic, with a specific COVID-19-related mortality of 0.8. In conclusion, among transplanted patients in the "COVID-19 Era", the incidence of infection and its mortality is very low. abstract: ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION solid organ transplantation may be considered challenging for waitlist patients during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM the aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 incidence and mortality in patients transplanted in the North Italy Transplant program (NITp) area during the outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS all consecutive patients transplanted from February 20 to April 3, 2020 (6 weeks) were included in our cohort and followed for at least 4 weeks. Survival analyses were performed. RESULTS one-hundred and twenty-four patients were transplanted with 12 (9.7%) hearts, 4 (3.2%) lungs, 39 (31.4%) livers, 67 (54%) kidneys, 2 (1.6%) combined kidney-pancreas. Recipients’ mean age was 51 years (SD±16.6) and 76/124 (61%) were male. Five (4%) developed COVID-19 after a mean of 13 days (SD±6.7) with a cumulative incidence of 4.0% (CI95%, 0.5-7.5). During the follow-up, 5/124 (4%) recipients died for an overall mortality of 4.3% (CI 95%, 0.6-8.0) of whom only one for COVID-19, for a COVID-19-related mortality of 0.8% (CI95%, 0-6.0). CONCLUSIONS this study showed a low COVID-19 incidence and related-mortality in patients transplanted during the COVID-19 era. Further studies with a longer follow-up are mandatory to confirm the safety of transplant procedures. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0041134520326245 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.001 id: cord-255119-l82o5fif author: Passerini, Giorgio title: A Preliminary Investigation on the Statistical Correlations between SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Local Meteorology date: 2020-06-05 words: 7607.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255119-l82o5fif.txt summary: The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to evaluate possible relations between the moving means of the meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, and relative humidity) and the moving mean of adjusted/unadjusted new daily cases. The most inclusive and impressive results are the values of PCC found for the time series related to the number of new daily infected individuals within the five selected Italian provinces, the daily mean temperatures as monitored at the related capitals, and the daily mean relative humidity values observed at the same stations. abstract: The statistical correlation between meteorological parameters and the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) was investigated in five provinces of Italy selected according to the number of infected individuals and the different trends of infection in the early stages of the epidemic: Bergamo and Brescia showed some of the highest trends of infections while nearby Cremona and Mantova, showed lower trends. Pesaro–Urbino province was included for further investigation as it was comparably affected by the epidemic despite being the area far from the Po valley. Moving means of the variables were considered to take into account the variability of incubation periods and uncertainties in the epidemiological data. The same analyzes were performed normalizing the number of new daily cases based on the number of checks performed. For each province, the moving mean of adjusted and unadjusted new daily cases were independently plotted versus each meteorological parameter, and linear regressions were determined in the period from 29th of February 2020 to 29th of March 2020. Strong positive correlations were observed between new cases and temperatures within three provinces representing 86.5% of the contagions. Strong negative correlations were observed between the moving means of new cases and relative humidity values for four provinces and more than 90% of the contagions. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114051 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114051 id: cord-329536-3xsncmyi author: Passos, Lígia title: Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil date: 2020-09-17 words: 4367.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329536-3xsncmyi.txt summary: This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. Socio-demographic and other factors: variables assessed included age, gender, country of residence (Portugal or Brazil), marital status, educational level, employment status, social isolation self-label, duration of social isolation, living arrangements during social isolation, diagnosis of COVID-19, alcohol consumption and alcohol addiction measured by the presence of two or more positive answers to the four-item CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire [33, 34] translated and validated for the Portuguese language [35] . To the extent of the authors'' knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Mental health effects secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic were till recently considered less important or were neglected. Portugal and Brazil are facing the pandemic in quite different ways. This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. A cross-sectional quantitative study was based on an online questionnaire. Socio-demographic data were collected in addition to four validated scales: CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. For each outcome, a multiple linear regression was performed. Five hundred and fifty people answered the questionnaire (435 women). The median age was 38 (Q1, Q3: 30, 47) years, 52.5% resided in Brazil and 47.5% in Portugal. The prevalence of anxiety was 71.3% (mild anxiety was present in 43.1%), the prevalence of depression was 24.7% and 23.8% of the sample had both depression and anxiety. Isolation was a significant factor for depression but not for anxiety. Well-being was below average. Mental illness was considerably higher than pre-COVID-19 levels. Portugal and Brazil will have to be prepared for future consequences of poor mental health and contribute immediate psychological support to their adult populations. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186794 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186794 id: cord-282862-kve6fa49 author: Pastick, Katelyn A title: A Systematic Review of Treatment and Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 – A Call for Clinical Trials date: 2020-08-13 words: 3313.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282862-kve6fa49.txt summary: Clinicaltrials.gov was searched for relevant studies, using the preprogrammed search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," "2019 novel coronavirus," and "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2." Inclusion and exclusion criteria were examined to determine whether pregnant and/or breastfeeding patients were excluded from the study. Of the actively ongoing interventional clinical trials investigating the use of a drug (including dietary supplements and biologic agents) that did not report the exclusion of pregnant or breastfeeding women, the first author contacted study personnel for each of these studies by email to discern whether or not pregnant or breastfeeding women were eligible to be enrolled. Despite available safety data in pregnancy for hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, we were surprised to find 68% and 80% of the respective clinical trials had excluded pregnant or breastfeeding persons. Our review of the literature was timely and is the first study (to our knowledge) to systematically examine and compile the available data related to treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnancy and related clinical trials. abstract: BACKGROUND: Data pertaining to COVID-19 in pregnancy are limited; to better inform clinicians, we collated data from COVID-19 cases in pregnancy and summarized clinical trials enrolling this population. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed/MEDLINE to identify cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy or the postpartum period and associated outcomes. We then evaluated the proportion of COVID-19 clinical trials (from Clinicaltrials.gov) excluding pregnant or breastfeeding persons (both through June 29(th), 2020). RESULTS: We identified 11,308 published cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Of those reporting disease severity, 21% (416/1999) were severe/critical. Maternal and neonatal survival were reassuring (98% [10437/10597] and 99% [1155/1163], respectively). Neonatal disease was rare with only 41 possible cases of infection reported in the literature. Of 2351 ongoing COVID-19 therapeutic clinical trials, 1282 were enrolling persons of reproductive age and 65% (829/1282) excluded pregnant persons. Pregnancy was an exclusion criterion for 69% (75/109) of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, 80% (28/35) of lopinavir/ritonavir, and 48% (44/91) of convalescent plasma studies. We identified 48 actively recruiting or completed drug trials reporting inclusion of this population. CONCLUSIONS: There are limited published reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy despite more than 14 million cases worldwide. To date, clinical outcomes appear reassuring, but data related to important long-term outcomes are missing or not yet reported. The large number of clinical trials excluding pregnant persons, despite interventions with safety data in pregnancy, is concerning. In addition to observational cohort studies, pregnancy specific adaptive clinical trials could be designed to identify safe and effective treatments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929403/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa350 id: cord-281656-8anh8rhm author: Pata, Francesco title: Authors'' response: Laparoscopy and COVID-19: An off-key song? date: 2020-07-01 words: 1772.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281656-8anh8rhm.txt summary: At our knowledge, up until now, only one article demonstrated the presence of HBV in the surgical smoke in 10 of 11 HBV-positive patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Despite HIVand HBV being blood-borne viruses, laparoscopic surgery is being performed in HIV and HBV patients for many years, and no clear demonstration is available of viral transmission through the pneumoperitoneum or surgical smoke. For these reasons, we do not believe that results from the available literature can be extrapolated to the COVID-19 pandemic as to justify the current too restrictive guidelines on laparoscopic surgery against the evident and well-known and evidence-based advantages of laparoscopy with respect to the open approach in many fields of surgery. Thus, treating by laparotomy a reduced number of high-priority elective cases and surgical emergencies (sometimes failures of nonoperative management and, then, associated with a nonnegligible risk of conversion) may represent the safest option for patients, health workers, and system sustainability during the critical periods of COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618961/ doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002842 id: cord-345288-qyz83xx2 author: Pata, Francesco title: Enteral stoma care during COVID‐19 pandemic: practical advice date: 2020-07-21 words: 2700.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345288-qyz83xx2.txt summary: To face the COVID-19 pandemic, metamorphosis of surgical services is required to prevent in-hospital transmission, optimize allocation of scarce resources, establish new intensive care units (ICUs) and redeploy healthcare workers to emergency departments or COVID-19 dedicated wards [8] [9] [10] . Furthermore, although many recommendations suggest to consider performing stoma surgery instead of primary anastomosis in high-risk emergency surgery 14,20-23 none of those consider the potential problems related to reduced availability of stoma care services and reduced access in the hospital to caregivers for stoma training which may represent a problem for elderly and frail patients after discharge. Second, in-hospital stoma training pathways should be implemented to allow patients to confidently manage their own stomas independently prior to discharge and reduce the need for home nursing care 37 . In addition to standard precautions for infection prevention and control (i.e. correct use of PPE, keeping appropriate interpersonal distance, proper hand washing) indoor air quality should be preserved to limit the SARS-CoV-2 spread, and to protect patients and healthcare workers. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic represents an enormous challenge for global health systems. Stoma care represents a potentially neglected component during the outbreak and no specific recommendations on stoma care have been published up till now. In this manuscript, MISSTO (Multidisciplinary Italian Study group for STOmas) provides practical advice on optimal enteral stoma care in adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Translations in four other languages (Spanish, Italian, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese) are attached in the appendix to enable dissemination of the document worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.15279 doi: 10.1111/codi.15279 id: cord-341304-jdvzpvdx author: Pata, Rama Kanth title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Dark Cloud With Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-20 words: 1871.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341304-jdvzpvdx.txt summary: In December 2019, China reported a cluster of pneumonia patients infected by a new virus from the coronavirus family called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus quickly spread around the world and infected millions of people, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On March 22, 2020, a 67-year-old female with a past medical history of asthma, coronary artery disease (status post-coronary artery bypass graft two years ago), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and HIV on antiretroviral medications [bictegrav/emtricit/tenofov ala (Biktarvy® 50-200-25 mg tablet, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA) and darunavir/cobicistat (Prezcobix® 800 mg-150 mg tablet, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium)] was brought in by emergency medical services (EMS) for progressively worsening shortening of breath associated with weakness and two episodes of watery non-bloody diarrhea for one day. showed clinical improvement in the first case of COVID-19 in the United States after the use of remdesivir [8] . abstract: In December 2019, China reported a cluster of pneumonia patients infected by a new virus from the coronavirus family called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus quickly spread around the world and infected millions of people, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although some patients show only mild or even asymptomatic response to this infection, severe disease with rapid progression to acute respiratory distress and multiorgan failure is also commonly seen. In this report, we discuss three cases of HIV patients who survived COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32832299/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9302 id: cord-317863-xf0bn3cv author: Pata, Ramakanth title: Probability of COVID-19 Being the Culprit in Neurocognitive Deception: A Case Series of Incidental Strokes in ICU Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 words: 2201.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317863-xf0bn3cv.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, originated in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world, infecting millions and killing thousands. Additionally, it has a high incubation period (average 6.4 and range of 0-24 days) [2] , reproductive number (R0 ranged from 1.4 to 6.49, with a mean of 3.28) [3] , and reports have shown that the majority of patients are asymptomatic or have a mild response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus but release large amounts of viruses [2] . Furthermore, a chest X-ray showed no acute pathologies (Figure 3) , and the COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) was performed due to the recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which came back positive. Other reports suggest a higher rate of cerebrovascular disease (mainly ischemic stroke) in severe COVID-19 patients as compared to non-severe cases [5] . abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, originated in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world, infecting millions and killing thousands. Although some patients have mild or even asymptomatic responses to this infection, hospitalized patients present with symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Some patients have a severe response to the insult and experience rapid progression to acute respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. Furthermore, many patients developed complications due to this infection. Here, we present three patients who had strokes during their hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9857 doi: 10.7759/cureus.9857 id: cord-264206-u9c8rrrv author: Pata, Ugur Korkut title: How is COVID-19 affecting environmental pollution in US cities? Evidence from asymmetric Fourier causality test date: 2020-07-15 words: 3412.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264206-u9c8rrrv.txt summary: In the equation, y t represents the vector containing the variables of COVID-19 cases and deaths, and PM 2.5 emissions, β is the coefficients matrix, t is the trend, T denotes the number of observations, γ 1 and γ 2 are the coefficients of the Fourier approximation that smooth structural shifts are captured, and d max is the maximum integration degree of the series that can be determined by a unit root test. The findings of the asymmetric Fourier causality test illustrate that an increase in the number of cases reduces PM 2.5 emissions in Los Angeles, Chicago, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, and San Jose. The results of the asymmetric Fourier causality test demonstrate that an increase in the number of deaths reduces the release of PM 2.5 emissions in New York, San Diego, and San Jose. The results of the asymmetric Fourier causality test demonstrate that COVID-19 reduces PM 2.5 emissions in US cities. abstract: This paper aims to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM(2.5) emissions in eight selected US cities with populations of more than 1 million. To this end, the study employs an asymmetric Fourier causality test for the period of January 15, 2020 to May 4, 2020. The outcomes indicate that positive shocks in COVID-19 deaths cause negative shocks in PM(2.5) emissions for New York, San Diego, and San Jose. Moreover, in terms of cases, positive shocks in COVID-19 cause negative shocks in PM(2.5) emissions for Los Angeles, Chicago, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, and San Jose. Overall, the findings of the study highlight that the pandemic reduces environmental pressure in the largest cities of the USA. This implies that one of the rare positive effects of the virus is to reduce air pollution. Therefore, for a better environment, US citizens should review the impact of current production and consumption activities on anthropogenic environmental problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837615/ doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00877-9 id: cord-326085-2dt758qj author: Patanavanich, Roengrudee title: Smoking Is Associated With COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-11 words: 2234.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326085-2dt758qj.txt summary: Studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease were selected for the final analysis. We conducted a systematic search using PubMed on April 28, 2020, with the search term: ((smoking) OR (characteristics) OR (risk factors) OR (outcomes) OR (smoker*)) AND ((COVID-19) OR (COVID) OR (coronavirus) OR (sars cov-2) OR (sars cov 2)) for studies published between January 1, 2020 and April 28, 2020. A total of 907 studies were retrieved through the search, of which 19, 8-26 16 from China, 1 from Korea, and 2 from the United States, included data on smoking behavior and COVID-19 disease progression (Supplementary Table S1 ). Three peer-reviewed meta-analysis papers 6, 34, 35 on association between smoking and COVID-19 were also based on unadjusted ORs, but with fewer studies included. Retrospective study of risk factors for severe SARS-Cov-2 infections in hospitalized adult patients abstract: INTRODUCTION: Smoking depresses pulmonary immune function and is a risk factor contracting other infectious diseases and more serious outcomes among people who become infected. This paper presents a meta-analysis of the association between smoking and progression of the infectious disease COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed was searched on April 28, 2020, with search terms “smoking”, “smoker*”, “characteristics”, “risk factors”, “outcomes”, and “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “coronavirus”, “sar cov-2”, “sar cov 2”. Studies reporting smoking behavior of COVID-19 patients and progression of disease were selected for the final analysis. The study outcome was progression of COVID-19 among people who already had the disease. A random effects meta-analysis was applied. RESULTS: We identified 19 peer-reviewed papers with a total of 11,590 COVID-19 patients, 2,133 (18.4%) with severe disease and 731 (6.3%) with a history of smoking. A total of 218 patients with a history of smoking (29.8%) experienced disease progression, compared with 17.6% of non-smoking patients. The meta-analysis showed a significant association between smoking and progression of COVID-19 (OR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-2.59, p = 0.001). Limitations in the 19 papers suggest that the actual risk of smoking may be higher. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a risk factor for progression of COVID-19, with smokers having higher odds of COVID-19 progression than never smokers. IMPLICATIONS: Physicians and public health professionals should collect data on smoking as part of clinical management and add smoking cessation to the list of practices to blunt the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32399563/ doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa082 id: cord-280540-yw8o3c1l author: Patel, A. P. title: Race, Socioeconomic Deprivation, and Hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a National Biobank date: 2020-05-02 words: 1211.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280540-yw8o3c1l.txt summary: The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study. 5 Participants with greater Townsend Deprivation Indices were at substantially higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, with a similar pattern observed based on self-reported household income ( Figure, Panels B, C) . Within a large population of participants in a national biobank, striking gradients in risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 were noted according to race and a metric of socioeconomic deprivation. No reuse allowed without permission.was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted May 2, 2020. No reuse allowed without permission.was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted May 2, 2020. abstract: Preliminary reports suggest that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to disproportionate morbidity and mortality among historically disadvantaged populations. The extent to which these disparities are related to socioeconomic versus biologic factors is largely unknown. We investigate the racial and socioeconomic associations of COVID-19 hospitalization among 418,794 participants of the UK Biobank, of whom 549 (0.13%) had been hospitalized. Both black participants (odds ratio 3.4; 95%CI 2.4-4.9) and Asian participants (odds ratio 2.1; 95%CI 1.5-3.2) were at substantially increased risk as compared to white participants. We further observed a striking gradient in COVID-19 hospitalization rates according to the Townsend Deprivation Index - a composite measure of socioeconomic deprivation - and household income. Adjusting for such factors led to only modest attenuation of the increased risk in black participants, adjusted odds ratio 3.1 (95%CI 2.0-4.8). These observations confirm and extend earlier preliminary and lay press reports of higher morbidity in non-white individuals in the context of a large population of participants in a national biobank. The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.27.20082107v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.27.20082107 id: cord-339665-nwwutduy author: Patel, Ami title: Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model date: 2020-07-29 words: 5258.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339665-nwwutduy.txt summary: Prior work with the related coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, delineated that the Spike protein of these viruses was an important target for development of neutralizing antibodies, and in animal viral challenges vaccine targeted immunity (reviewed in (Du et al., 2009; Roper and Rehm, 2009; Thanh Le et al., 2020) (Liu et al., 2018; Muthumani et al., 2015; van Doremalen et al., 2020a) . These memory titers were comparable to those observed in other reported protection studies in macaques performed at the acute phase of the vaccine-induced immune response (Gao et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2020b; Yu et al., 2020) and those reported in the sera of convalescent patients (Ni et al., 2020; Robbiani et al., 2020) . Our study and other published reports show that DNA vaccination with candidates targeting the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein likely increase the availability of T cell immunodominant epitopes leading to a broader and more potent immune response, compared to partial domains and truncated immunogens. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a dramatic global impact on public health, social, and economic infrastructures. Here, we assess immunogenicity and anamnestic protective efficacy in rhesus macaques of the intradermal (ID)-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine, INO-4800. INO-4800 is an ID-delivered DNA vaccine currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Vaccination with INO-4800 induced T cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses against both the D614 and G614 SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Several months after vaccination, animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in rapid recall of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein T and B cell responses. These responses were associated with lower viral loads in the lung and with faster nasal clearance of virus. These studies support the immune impact of INO-4800 for inducing both humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system which are likely important for providing durable protection against COVID-19 disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.225649 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.28.225649 id: cord-320614-5qph7yen author: Patel, Aniruddh P. title: Race, socioeconomic deprivation, and hospitalization for COVID-19 in English participants of a national biobank date: 2020-07-06 words: 1283.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320614-5qph7yen.txt summary: Participants with greater Townsend Deprivation Indices were at substantially higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, with a similar pattern observed based on self-reported household income (Fig. 1b, c) . Within a large population of participants in a national biobank, striking gradients in risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 were noted according to race and a metric of socioeconomic deprivation. The increased risk observed in Black participants was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for socioeconomic deprivation, household income, as well as cardiometabolic and respiratory comorbidities. The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study [6] . The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study [6] . abstract: Preliminary reports suggest that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID− 19) pandemic has led to disproportionate morbidity and mortality among historically disadvantaged populations. We investigate the racial and socioeconomic associations of COVID− 19 hospitalization among 418,794 participants of the UK Biobank, of whom 549 (0.13%) had been hospitalized. Both Black participants (odds ratio 3.7; 95%CI 2.5–5.3) and Asian participants (odds ratio 2.2; 95%CI 1.5–3.2) were at substantially increased risk as compared to White participants. We further observed a striking gradient in COVID− 19 hospitalization rates according to the Townsend Deprivation Index − a composite measure of socioeconomic deprivation − and household income. Adjusting for socioeconomic factors and cardiorespiratory comorbidities led to only modest attenuation of the increased risk in Black participants, adjusted odds ratio 2.4 (95%CI 1.5–3.7). These observations confirm and extend earlier preliminary and lay press reports of higher morbidity in non-White individuals in the context of a large population of participants in a national biobank. The extent to which this increased risk relates to variation in pre-existing comorbidities, differences in testing or hospitalization patterns, or additional disparities in social determinants of health warrants further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01227-y doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01227-y id: cord-344709-5hy1e4t1 author: Patel, Brijesh V. title: Pulmonary Angiopathy in Severe COVID-19: Physiologic, Imaging, and Hematologic Observations date: 2020-09-01 words: 4506.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344709-5hy1e4t1.txt summary: Measurements and Results: In 39 consecutive patients (male:female, 32:7; mean age, 53 ± 10 yr [range, 29–79 yr]; Black and minority ethnic, n = 25 [64%]), there was a significant vascular perfusion abnormality and increased physiologic dead space (dynamic compliance, 33.7 ± 14.7 ml/cm H(2)O; Murray lung injury score, 3.14 ± 0.53; mean ventilatory ratios, 2.6 ± 0.8) with evidence of hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic "shutdown". Accordingly, we examined a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia abnormalities focusing on 1) physiologic data, 2) findings on computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA), 3) lung perfusion as demonstrated by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) pulmonary blood volume "maps," and 4) hematologic tests evidence of hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis. Pulmonary vascular abnormalities including dilated peripheral vessels, the so-called "vascular tree-in-bud" pattern, and perfusion defects are common computed tomography findings in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Rationale: Clinical and epidemiologic data in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have accrued rapidly since the outbreak, but few address the underlying pathophysiology. Objectives: To ascertain the physiologic, hematologic, and imaging basis of lung injury in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: Clinical, physiologic, and laboratory data were collated. Radiologic (computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography [n = 39] and dual-energy CT [DECT, n = 20]) studies were evaluated: observers quantified CT patterns (including the extent of abnormal lung and the presence and extent of dilated peripheral vessels) and perfusion defects on DECT. Coagulation status was assessed using thromboelastography. Measurements and Results: In 39 consecutive patients (male:female, 32:7; mean age, 53 ± 10 yr [range, 29–79 yr]; Black and minority ethnic, n = 25 [64%]), there was a significant vascular perfusion abnormality and increased physiologic dead space (dynamic compliance, 33.7 ± 14.7 ml/cm H(2)O; Murray lung injury score, 3.14 ± 0.53; mean ventilatory ratios, 2.6 ± 0.8) with evidence of hypercoagulability and fibrinolytic “shutdown”. The mean CT extent (±SD) of normally aerated lung, ground-glass opacification, and dense parenchymal opacification were 23.5 ± 16.7%, 36.3 ± 24.7%, and 42.7 ± 27.1%, respectively. Dilated peripheral vessels were present in 21/33 (63.6%) patients with at least two assessable lobes (including 10/21 [47.6%] with no evidence of acute pulmonary emboli). Perfusion defects on DECT (assessable in 18/20 [90%]) were present in all patients (wedge-shaped, n = 3; mottled, n = 9; mixed pattern, n = 6). Conclusions: Physiologic, hematologic, and imaging data show not only the presence of a hypercoagulable phenotype in severe COVID-19 pneumonia but also markedly impaired pulmonary perfusion likely caused by pulmonary angiopathy and thrombosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667207/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1412oc id: cord-323809-bocidwg4 author: Patel, Dhwanil title: COVID-19 EXTRAPULMONARY ILLNESS - The Impact of COVID-19 on Nephrology Care date: 2020-07-25 words: 3418.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323809-bocidwg4.txt summary: It has also impacted different aspects of caring for people with kidney disease, including those with acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), those requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and those with a kidney transplant. In this article we review how COVID-19 involves the kidney, causing acute kidney injury (AKI), and how it affects patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD), and those with a kidney transplant. Kidney transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 appear to have similar clinical presentations as the general population, though morbidity, including need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality vary among reports. In another case series of 35 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 from both the inpatient and outpatient settings in New York, 39% of patients needed mechanical ventilation, 21% needed KRT, and the mortality rate was 28% at 3 weeks, significantly higher than the general population in the United States whose mortality rate is reported to be 1 to 5% 49 . abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is spread by close contact and by respiratory droplets. It has also impacted different aspects of caring for people with kidney disease, including those with acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), those requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and those with a kidney transplant. All of these patients are considered high risk. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic will hopefully serve to protect patients with kidney disease in a similar situation in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32758363/ doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.101057 id: cord-276090-n8c2jpr6 author: Patel, Hiren N. title: Cerebellar Infarction Requiring Surgical Decompression in patient with COVID 19 Pathological Analysis, Brief Review date: 2020-07-29 words: 2871.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276090-n8c2jpr6.txt summary: CONCLUSION: A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. angiography, CXR denotes chest X-ray, FiO2 denotes fraction of inspired oxygen, SARS-COV-2 denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, STAT denotes statum which is Latin meaning immediately, t-PA denotes tissue plasminogen activator, WHO denotes World Health Organization. A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. COVID-19 complicated with cerebral and large vessel vasculitis and its treatment will require a need for randomized clinical trials showing benefit in outcomes and mortality. This is a report of a patient with COVID-19 immune dysregulation who developed an acute cerebellar ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis. abstract: BACKGROUND: This report and literature review describes a case of a COVID-19 patient who suffered a cerebellar stroke requiring neurosurgical decompression. This is the first reported case of a sub-occipital craniectomy with brain biopsy in a COVID-19 patient showing leptomeningeal venous intimal inflammation. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION: The patient is a 48-year-old SARS-COV-2 positive male with multiple comorbidities, who presented with fevers and respiratory symptoms, and imaging consistent with multifocal pneumonia. On day 5 of admission, the patient had sudden change in mental status, increased C-Reactive Protein, ferritin and elevated Interleukin-6 levels. Head CT showed cerebral infarction from vertebral artery occlusion. Given subsequent rapid neurologic decline from cerebellar swelling and mass effect on his brainstem emergent neurosurgical intervention was performed. Brain biopsy found a vein with small organizing thrombus adjacent to focally proliferative intima with focal intimal neutrophils. CONCLUSION: A young man with COVID-19 and suspected immune dysregulation, complicated by a large cerebrovascular ischemic stroke secondary to vertebral artery thrombosis requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention for decompression with improved neurological outcomes. Brain biopsy was suggestive of inflammation from thrombosed vessel, and neutrophilic infiltration of cerebellar tissue. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214751920304114?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100850 id: cord-350594-0zxq4lxc author: Patel, Ishan title: Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report date: 2020-06-25 words: 1826.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350594-0zxq4lxc.txt summary: title: Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of a COVID-19 patient treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in psoas hematoma due to lumbar artery bleeding. Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COV-ID-19) are at increased risk of developing hypercoagulable state as evidenced clinically by stroke in young patients as well as laboratory investigations like elevated D-dimer levels warranting therapeutic anticoagulation [1] . To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to lumbar artery bleeding in a patient of COVID-19 being treated with enoxaparin, highlighting importance of judicious use of anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients as well as the need of prompt radiological investigation and treatment of bleeding. abstract: Respiratory failure is presumptively caused by microvascular thrombosis in some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring therapeutic anticoagulation. Anticoagulation treatment may cause life-threatening bleeding complications such as retroperitoneal hemorrhage. To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of a COVID-19 patient treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in psoas hematoma due to lumbar artery bleeding. A 69-year-old patient presented with fever, malaise and progressive shortness of breath to our hospital. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Due to an abnormal coagulation profile, the patient was started on enoxaparin. Over the course of hospitalization, the patient was found to have hypotension with worsening hemoglobin levels. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a large psoas hematoma. Arteriogram revealed lumbar artery bleeding which was treated with embolization. Anticoagulation therapy, while indicated in COVID-19 patients, has its own challenges and guidelines describing dosages and indications in this disease are lacking. Rare bleeding complications such as psoas hematoma should be kept in mind in patients who become hemodynamically unstable, warranting prompt imaging for diagnosis and treatment with arterial embolization, thus eliminating need of surgical intervention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32655742/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4256 id: cord-349868-lb2jcl8m author: Patel, Jay title: Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review date: 2020-07-12 words: 2350.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt summary: We present the cases of two COVID-19-positive patients treated with HCQ at our institution, which showed adverse effects of the medication. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common antimalarial and lupus drug, has been shown to potentially reduce viral carriage and the number of symptomatic days in COVID-19 patients according to an open-label non-randomized French case study of 36 patients [2] . The purpose of this case series was to highlight some of the cardiovascular complications related to HCQ and to engage in a risk-benefit analysis of its use in mild/moderate presentations of COVID-19. We believe these are among the first few cases illustrating adverse cardiovascular effects of the experimental five-day HCQ therapy in mild/moderate presentations of COVID-19. Case 2, considered as low risk, demonstrated how HCQ therapy initiated in an outpatient resulted in an adverse outcome that led to hospital admission. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and its high virulence along with its variable presentation have generated a significant amount of interest within the medical community. The heterogeneous nature of the symptoms of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranging from being asymptomatic to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), has created significant interest in potential therapeutics. Given the lack of randomized controlled trials, most medications are experimental, and only anecdotal evidence is available so far regarding their efficacy. One medication that emerged as an early frontrunner as a promising therapeutic was hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common antimalarial and lupus drug. The adverse side effects that could result from its use did not gain much attention initially. We present the cases of two COVID-19-positive patients treated with HCQ at our institution, which showed adverse effects of the medication. While HCQ may have some therapeutic effect, it should be borne in mind that patients may experience more harm than benefit from its use. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32789088/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9151 id: cord-271781-cfv0ta10 author: Patel, Kishan P. title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature date: 2020-07-07 words: 4469.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271781-cfv0ta10.txt summary: To date, many studies have discussed that the rationale behind its transmission potential is that viral RNA has unexpectedly been detected in multiple bodily fluids, with some samples having remained positive for extended periods of time. In this evidence-based comprehensive review, we discuss various potential routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2—respiratory/droplet, indirect, fecal-oral, vertical, sexual, and ocular. Additionally, studies have noted that its fecal-oral transmission potential may lie in the fact that prolonged viral shedding can occur in fecal matter-one case reported an asymptomatic COVID-19 patient experiencing viral detection in the stool for up to 42 days, while nasopharyngeal sampling was negative [31] . To oppose, in a retrospective review of nine COVID-19 pregnant mothers who underwent cesarean section, six patients had samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all were negative [43] . abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has caused a public health emergency. The need for additional research in viral pathogenesis is essential as the number of cases and deaths rise. Understanding the virus and its ability to cause disease has been the main focus of current literature; however, there is much unknown. Studies have revealed new findings related to the full transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and its subsequent ability to cause infection by different means. The virus is hypothesized to be of increased virulence compared with previous coronavirus that caused epidemics, in part due to its overall structural integrity and resilience to inactivation. To date, many studies have discussed that the rationale behind its transmission potential is that viral RNA has unexpectedly been detected in multiple bodily fluids, with some samples having remained positive for extended periods of time. Additionally, the receptor by which the virus gains cellular entry, ACE2, has been found to be expressed in different human body systems, thereby potentiating its infection in those locations. In this evidence-based comprehensive review, we discuss various potential routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2—respiratory/droplet, indirect, fecal-oral, vertical, sexual, and ocular. Understanding these different routes is important as they pertain to clinical practice, especially in taking preventative measures to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03961-1 doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03961-1 id: cord-342708-yimysnvx author: Patel, Neeral R. title: Overall Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interventional Radiology Services: A Canadian Perspective date: 2020-08-30 words: 3620.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342708-yimysnvx.txt summary: PURPOSE: The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada. METHODS: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via national and regional radiology societies, exploring (1) center information and staffing, (2) acute and on-call IR services, (3) elective IR services, (4) IR clinics, (5) multidisciplinary rounds, (6) IR training, (7) personal protection equipment (PPE), and departmental logistics. The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of IR services at both academic and community hospitals in Canada. The reduced provision of elective service by IR was a necessary intervention during the pandemic to ensure minimal risk to patients and staff with respect to virus transmission. abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this national survey was to assess the overall impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the provision of interventional radiology (IR) services in Canada. METHODS: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed via national and regional radiology societies, exploring (1) center information and staffing, (2) acute and on-call IR services, (3) elective IR services, (4) IR clinics, (5) multidisciplinary rounds, (6) IR training, (7) personal protection equipment (PPE), and departmental logistics. RESULTS: Individual responses were received from 142 interventional radiologists across Canada (estimated 70% response rate). Nearly half of the participants (49.3%) reported an overall decrease in demand for acute IR services; on-call services were maintained at centers that routinely provide these services (99%). The majority of respondents (73.2%) were performing inpatient IR procedures at the bedside where possible. Most participants (88%) reported an overall decrease in elective IR services. Interventional radiology clinics and multidisciplinary rounds were predominately transitioned to virtual platforms. The vast majority of participants (93.7%) reported their center had disseminated an IR specific PPE policy; 73% reported a decrease in case volume for trainees by at least 25% and a proportion of trainees will either have a delay in starting their careers as IR attendings (24%) or fellowship training (35%). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on IR services in Canada, particularly for elective cases. Many centers have utilized virtual platforms to provide multidisciplinary meetings, IR clinics, and training. Guidelines should be followed to ensure patient and staff safety while resuming IR services. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0846537120951960 doi: 10.1177/0846537120951960 id: cord-320065-zxh8u4eg author: Patel, Pious D. title: Tracking the Volume of Neurosurgical Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-27 words: 1871.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320065-zxh8u4eg.txt summary: Abstract Objective This study quantifies the impact of COVID-19 on the volume of adult and pediatric neurosurgical procedures, inpatient consults, and clinic visits at an academic medical center. This was the 776 week time period immediately following the signing of a Tennessee gubernatorial executive 77 order preventing "non-essential procedures." 9 Patient records from an analogous 7-week period 78 from March 25, 2019 through May 10, 2019 were collected and categorized as "before COVID-79 19." In addition to these time periods, data were collected from the 59 week period spanning Hydrocephalus was defined as ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion or revision or endoscopic 140 third ventriculostomy. The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant, measurable decreases in neurosurgical caseload, 392 inpatient consults, and outpatient clinic visits. As elective 396 procedures and in-person clinical encounters resume, the effects of reduced volume during 397 COVID-19 on long-term patient outcomes warrants further investigation. abstract: Abstract Objective This study quantifies the impact of COVID-19 on the volume of adult and pediatric neurosurgical procedures, inpatient consults, and clinic visits at an academic medical center. Methods Neurosurgical procedures, inpatient consults, and outpatient appointments at Vanderbilt University Medical Center were identified in the time periods of March 23, 2020 through May 8, 2020 ("During COVID-19") and March 25, 2019 through May 10, 2019 ("Before COVID-19"). Neurosurgical volume was compared between these periods. Results A 40% reduction in weekly procedural volume was demonstrated during COVID-19 (median 75 [IQR 72-80] to 45 [43-47], p<0.001). There was a 42% reduction for weekly adult procedures (62 [54-70] to 36 [34-39], p<0.001), and 31% reduction for weekly pediatric procedures (13 [12-14] to 9 [8-10], p=0.004). Among adult procedures, the most significant decreases were seen for spine (p<0.001), endovascular (p<0.001), and cranioplasty (p<0.001). There was not a significant change for adult open vascular (p=0.291), functional (p=0.263), cranial tumor (p=0.143), or hydrocephalus (p=0.173) procedural volume. Weekly inpatient consults to neurosurgery decreased by 24% (99 [94-114] to 75 [68-84], p=0.008) for adults. Weekly in-person adult and pediatric outpatient clinic visits witnessed a 91% decrease (329 [326-374] to 29 [26-39], p<0.001). Weekly telehealth encounters increased from 0 [0-0] to 151 [126-156] (p<0.001). Conclusion There were significant reductions in neurosurgical operations, clinic visits, and inpatient consults during COVID-19. Telehealth was increasingly used for assessment. The long-term impacts of reduced neurosurgical volume and increased telehealth utilization on patient outcomes should be explored. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.176 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.176 id: cord-325726-65xxevp3 author: Patel, Piyush title: Role of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Application COVID-19 Scenario: INDIA Case study date: 2020-11-12 words: 5033.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt summary: PPE refers to protective clothing, helmets, gloves, face shields, goggles, surgical masks, respirators, and other equipment designed to prevent wearer exposure to infection or illness in this COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Institute of Technology Madras-bolstered new businesses has created PPE, such as face shields (Fig. 5 )from 3D Printers just as generally accessible materials besides to protect healthcare professionals fighting COVID-19 [83, 84] . 3D printing shortens lead times during product development, brings down creation expenses, and engages designers and manufacturers to face more challenges with new 3D printed drone structures that give new expected applications to the innovation [150] . With restrictions on up close and personal clinical meetings in the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties looked by medical care frameworks in conveying patient care, innovations like telemedicine and smartphone are playing a key role [156] [157] [158] . How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment abstract: This paper reviews how the Additive Manufacturing (AM) industry played a key role in stopping the spread of the Coronavirus by providing customized parts on-demand quickly and locally, reducing waste and eliminating the need for an extensive manufacturer. The AM technology uses digital files for the production of crucial medical parts, which has been proven essential during the COVID-19 crisis. Going ahead, the 3D printable clinical model resources described here will probably be extended in various centralized model storehouses with new inventive open-source models. Government agencies, individuals, corporations and universities are working together to quickly development of various 3D-printed products especially when established supply chains are under distress, and supply cannot keep up with demand. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S027861252030193X doi: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.11.006 id: cord-341837-jmbbgfsz author: Patel, Pratit title: “COVID-19 and cervical artery dissection- A causative association?” date: 2020-06-13 words: 1636.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341837-jmbbgfsz.txt summary: 39-year female presented with spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissections without any instigating traumatic events and no history of connective tissue disorders. 39-year female presented with spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissections without any instigating traumatic events and no history of connective tissue disorders. Whether this patient''s vertebral artery dissections were triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative. Whether this patient''s vertebral artery dissections were triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative. 11 Oxley et al recently reported a case series of 5 COVID-19 positive patients (mean age of 39 years), with no significant past medical history who presented with stroke secondary to a large vessel occlusion (LVO). 4 With more younger patients who are COVID-19 positive, presenting with strokes during this pandemic, arterial dissection could be one of the pathological mechanisms. The management of COVID-19 patients with arterial dissection should continue to be dictated by the clinical examination and imaging studies. abstract: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease which predominantly affects the respiratory system, however it also causes multi-organ dysfunction in a subset of patients. There is a growing evidence that it increases the propensity of strokes in younger patients. Besides producing a prothrombotic state, arterial dissection could be one of its many manifestations, increasing the risks of stroke. Herein, we report the first case of spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissection in a patient with COVID-19. 39-year female presented with spontaneous bilateral vertebral artery dissections without any instigating traumatic events and no history of connective tissue disorders. Whether this patient's vertebral artery dissections were triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative. Nonetheless, arterial dissection could be one of it's complications. It is important for the physicians to be aware of different clinical manifestations of COVID-19 as we manage these patients with no historical experience, to provide adequate care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912511/ doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105047 id: cord-314817-8ybegozg author: Patel, Priya title: Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis date: 2020-08-28 words: 331.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314817-8ybegozg.txt summary: key: cord-314817-8ybegozg title: Systemic Thrombolysis as Initial Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Acute Aortoiliac and Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis cord_uid: 8ybegozg SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients with associated thromboembolic events have demonstrated poor outcomes despite the use of anticoagulation therapy and surgical intervention. We present a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia, secondary to extensive thrombosis of an aortic aneurysm, iliac arteries, and infrainguinal arteries. extensive thrombosis of an aortic aneurysm, iliac arteries, and infrainguinal arteries. In particular, surgical 33 interventions to treat arterial thrombosis in these pro-thrombotic patients have proven to 34 be challenging, with poor outcomes 8-10 . 35 We describe the case of a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia (ALI) 36 secondary to thrombosed aortic aneurysm and bilateral lower extremity arteries, initially 37 treated with systemic thrombolysis, followed by surgical revascularization. We describe a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia secondary to macro-101 and micro-vascular thromboses at multiple levels, including a thrombosed aortic abstract: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients with associated thromboembolic events have demonstrated poor outcomes despite the use of anticoagulation therapy and surgical intervention. We present a COVID-19 patient with acute limb ischemia, secondary to extensive thrombosis of an aortic aneurysm, iliac arteries, and infrainguinal arteries. Initial treatment with systemic thrombolysis, which restored patency of the aortoiliac occlusion, was followed by open thrombectomies of the infrainguinal occlusions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0890509620307639 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.08.083 id: cord-277356-tay0kfyj author: Patel, Rusha J. title: Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 2295.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277356-tay0kfyj.txt summary: title: Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic 10 In the absence of readily available peer-reviewed information, North American head and neck surgeons discussed the complicated issue of protecting the providers, operating room staff, clinic staff, and patients via email chains, social media messaging platforms, message boards, and text groups. Sensing this need for "real-time" information, institution-specific data on head and neck surgery practice patterns during the COVID19 pandemic was collected and distilled into an accessible spreadsheet. Here is presented the data from 14 different institutions, focusing specifically on early practice patterns related to head and neck surgery and patient care. [11] [12] [13] As surgical resources continue to be limited, serious multidisciplinary consideration will need to be given to alternate methods of head and neck cancer care. Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic abstract: BACKGROUND: The SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused rapid changes in head and neck cancer (HNC) care. “Real‐time” methods to monitor practice patterns can optimize provider safety and patient care. METHODS: Head and neck surgeons from 14 institutions in the United States regularly contributed their practice patterns to a shared spreadsheet. Data from 27 March 2020 to 5 April 2020 was analyzed. RESULTS: All institutions had significantly restricted HNC clinic evaluations. Two institutions stopped free‐flap surgery with the remaining scheduling surgery by committee review. Factors contributing to reduced clinical volume included lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) (35%) and lack of rapid COVID‐19 testing (86%). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a reduction in HNC care. Rapid COVID‐19 testing and correlation with infectious potential remain paramount to resuming the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Cloud‐based platforms to share practice patterns will be essential as the pandemic evolves. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26189 doi: 10.1002/hed.26189 id: cord-283152-wav0d0ws author: Patel, Sanjay K. S. title: Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents date: 2020-06-09 words: 3094.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283152-wav0d0ws.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has emerged as a major threat to human existence. The emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, renamed as COVID19) in 2019 from Wuhan, China has led to a global crisis and it has been declared as a pandemic emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) due to its fast rate of transmission among human beings [1, 2] . Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of genetically distinct viruses, which originated from broad ranges of hosts, including animal and bird species, and primarily cause respiratory and intestinal infections to humans and animals [1, [5] [6] [7] [8] . Transmission of COVID-19 possibly involved an adaptive evolution through an intermediate host (bat) before infecting humans. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has emerged as a major threat to human existence. COVID-19 seems to have undergone adaptive evolution through an intermediate host, most likely bats. The flu leads to severe pneumonia that causes respiratory and multi-organ failure. The absence of any known treatment procedures, drugs, or vaccines has created panic around the World. The need is to develop rapid testing kits, drugs and vaccines. However, these proposals are time-consuming processes. At present social distancing along with previously known traditional medicines can act as quick and short-term alternatives for treating this viral flu. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4 doi: 10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4 id: cord-330074-5iqqgy65 author: Patel, Smit D. title: Malignant Cerebral Ischemia in A COVID-19 Infected Patient: Case Review and Histopathological Findings date: 2020-08-05 words: 1451.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330074-5iqqgy65.txt summary: However, this data is limited and comes from recent small case series and observational studies on stroke types, mechanisms, and outcomes.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Furthermore, evidence on the role of therapeutic anticoagulation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with elevated inflammatory markers, such as D-dimer, is also limited. We report the case of a middle-aged patient who presented with a large vessel ischemic stroke likely resulting from an underlying inflammatory response in the setting of known novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). We report the case of a middle-aged patient who presented with a large vessel ischemic stroke likely resulting from an underlying inflammatory response in the setting of known novel coronavirus infection . Ischemic stroke, Inflammatory conditions, COVID-19, Corona virus, SARS-CoV-2 RNA, cerebrovascular disease, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral sinus thrombosis, vasculitis, anticoagulation, thrombotic conditions, thromboembolic conditions Introduction: abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an unprecedented worldwide pandemic that has severely impacted the United States. As the pandemic continues, a growing body of evidence suggests that infected patients may develop significant coagulopathy with resultant thromboembolic complications including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. However, this data is limited and comes from recent small case series and observational studies on stroke types, mechanisms, and outcomes.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Furthermore, evidence on the role of therapeutic anticoagulation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with elevated inflammatory markers, such as D-dimer, is also limited. We report the case of a middle-aged patient who presented with a large vessel ischemic stroke likely resulting from an underlying inflammatory response in the setting of known novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Histopathologic analysis of the patient's ischemic brain tissue revealed hypoxic neurons and significant edema from the underlying ischemic insult, fibrin thrombi in small vessels, and fibroid necrosis of the vascular wall without any signs of vasculature inflammation. Brain biopsy was negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (RT-PCR assay). Along with a growing body of literature, our case suggests that cerebrovascular thromboembolic events in COVID-19 infection may be related to acquired hypercoagulability and coagulation cascade activation due to the release of inflammatory markers and cytokines, rather than virus-induced vasculitis. Further studies to investigate the mechanism of cerebrovascular thromboembolic events and their prevention is warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105231 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105231 id: cord-291686-kgewmqg5 author: Patel, Surendra title: Prioritizing cardiovascular surgical care in COVID‐19 pandemic: Shall we operate or defer? date: 2020-07-15 words: 1620.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291686-kgewmqg5.txt summary: Moreover there is lack of sufficient data regarding impact of COVID-19 on post operative outcomes in patients who were infected with novel coronavirus and underwent cardiac and thoracic procedures. Peng et al 3 reported that patient who underwent thoracic surgery at the time of pandemic and later found to be affected with the novel coronavirus had greater than anticipated incidence of severe illness as well as case fatality rate, thus emphasizing the importance of correct triage and prioritizing cases to be considered for cardiac and thoracic surgery. 14 American college of surgeons has defined triage guidelines for vascular surgery patients, 8 and have provided guidelines regarding whether to postpone or not, vascular surgical procedures including, ascending aortic aneurysm, peripheral aneurysms, aortic dissection, mesenteric ischemia, peripheral vascular disease, trauma, venous thromboembolism, and amputation of limbs (Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has affected a large population across the world. Patients with cardiovascular disease have increased morbidity and mortality due to coronavirus disease. The burden over the health care system has to be reduced in this global pandemic to provide optimal care of patients with COVID‐19, as well not compromising those who are in need of emergent cardiovascular care. METHODS: There is a very limited data published defining which cardiovascular procedures are to be performed or to be deferred in the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this article, we have reviewed a few published guidelines regarding cardiovascular surgery in COVID‐19 pandemics. CONCLUSION: After reviewing a few available guidelines regarding cardiovascular surgery in COVID‐19, we conclude to perform only those surgeries which cannot be deferred to a certain period of time, to reduce the burden of the health care system of the country, provide optimal care to patients with COVID‐19, and to protect health care workers and cardiovascular patients from COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668048/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14864 id: cord-286958-e1ey31eo author: Patel, Urvish title: Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-08-15 words: 5035.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286958-e1ey31eo.txt summary: We evaluated the global burden of COVID-19 including case fatality rates (CFR), strength of association between deaths and cases to predict CFR, case doubling time, COVID-19 specific mortality rates, and control measures by governments to prevent spread among USA, China, Italy, Iran, Spain, Germany, India, and South Korea. Bavaria declared a state of emergency for 14 days and measures to limit public movement and additional funds for medicine supplies were introduced [71] ; All flights from Iran and China stopped by German Ministry of Transport [72] ; Travelling in coaches, attending religious meetings, visiting playgrounds or engaging in tourism prohibited [73] 17 Finance minister announced US$24 billion stimulus package [88] Infection rate at the beginning of the major intervention (nationwide closure of school or major Table 6 mentions the predicted dates of the peak number of cases based on strict interventions. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic that brought the whole world to a standstill, has led to financial and health care burden. We aimed to evaluate epidemiological characteristics, needs of resources, outcomes, and global burden of the disease. METHODS: Systematic review was performed searching PubMed from December 1, 2019, to March 25, 2020, for full-text observational studies that described epidemiological characteristics, following MOOSE protocol. Global data were collected from the JHU-Corona Virus Resource Center, WHO-COVID-2019 situation reports, KFF.org, and Worldometers.info until March 31, 2020. The prevalence percentages were calculated. The global data were plotted in excel to calculate case fatality rate (CFR), predicted CFR, COVID-19 specific mortality rate, and doubling time for cases and deaths. CFR was predicted using Pearson correlation, regression models, and coefficient of determination. RESULTS: From 21 studies of 2747 patients, 8.4% of patients died, 20.4% recovered, 15.4% were admitted to ICU and 14.9% required ventilation. COVID-19 was more prevalent in patients with hypertension (19.3%), smoking (11.3%), diabetes mellitus (10%), and cardiovascular diseases (7.4%). Common complications were pneumonia (82%), cardiac complications (26.4%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (15.7%), secondary infection (11.2%), and septic shock (4.3%). Though CFR and COVID-19 specific death rates are dynamic, they were consistently high for Italy, Spain, and Iran. Polynomial growth models were best fit for all countries for predicting CFR. Though many interventions have been implemented, stern measures like nationwide lockdown and school closure occurred after very high infection rates (>10cases per 100 000population) prevailed. Given the trend of government measures and decline of new cases in China and South Korea, most countries will reach the peak between April 1-20, if interventions are followed. CONCLUSIONS: A collective approach undertaken by a responsible government, wise strategy implementation and a receptive population may help contain the spread of COVID-19 outbreak. Close monitoring of predictive models of such indicators in the highly affected countries would help to evaluate the potential fatality if the second wave of pandemic occurs. The future studies should be focused on identifying accurate indicators to mitigate the effect of underestimation or overestimation of COVID-19 burden. url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020506 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020506 id: cord-312313-guphuppy author: Patel, Zara M title: Letter: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-15 words: 1576.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312313-guphuppy.txt summary: 1 The COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating within the United States, and any information that we can gain from our international colleagues who have already experienced this, or are currently going through it, should be utilized to protect our patients, our hospital teams, and ourselves. Personal communication with colleagues deployed in Wuhan, China to combat the COVID-19 outbreak, have warned us about the potential risks of endonasal endoscopic surgery in COVID-19 symptomatic patients. When endonasal surgery cannot be postponed in a COVID-19 positive patient, based on guidelines now being used in China, we have recommended to our institutional officials that we utilize full powered air purifying respirator (an enclosed powered system with high efficiency particulate air filter), acknowledging that they have challenging decisions surrounding allocation of limited resources that are urgently needed by our critical care teams taking care COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa125 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa125 id: cord-325231-hclp7br3 author: Patel, Zara M title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 751.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325231-hclp7br3.txt summary: title: In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic The primary purpose of our Letter, 1 as the title suggests, was to alert the international readership of Neurosurgery that precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic were warranted. Despite the absence of direct knowledge by the authors of the Reply Letter, 4 we did confirm that the second case of COVID-19 transmission from a patient who underwent emergent transnasal surgery for pituitary apoplexy, as documented in our report, 1 did occur at a different hospital in Wuhan, where providers in the operating room became infected despite the use of N95 personal protective equipment (PPE). Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic In reply: precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32323725/ doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa156 id: cord-310661-hrvuhkq9 author: Patell, Rushad title: Incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-21 words: 3381.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310661-hrvuhkq9.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cumulative incidences of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with and without active cancer at 28 days. Among 129 patients that received therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization in the non-cancer cohort COVID coagulopathy was the most common indication (n=99, 76.7%), followed by atrial fibrillation (n=24, 18.6%) and prior VTE (n=10, 7.8%). When analyzing key thrombotic events (lower extremity or upper extremity DVT, pulmonary embolism, or arterial events), the cumulative incidence of thrombosis at day 28 in the non-cancer cohort was 10.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 16.2%) and in the cancer cohort was 14.2% (95% CI, 4.7% to 28.7%, Figure 1B ). [28] A study that included screening for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized COVID patients, identified 2 occurrences of DVT among 16 cancer patients, which was similar to the incidence observed in the non-cancer cohort. In a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 we observed high rates of thrombosis and bleeding among patients with or without active cancer. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) is a recognized prothrombotic state. Patients hospitalized with active cancer are predisposed to thrombosis but whether active cancer further amplifies thrombotic risk with COVID‐19 is not known. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cumulative incidences of thrombotic and hemorrhagic events in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with and without active cancer at 28 days. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analyses of consecutive adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 was performed. Active cancer required cancer‐directed therapy within last 6 months. The cumulative incidences of thrombosis or hemorrhage were estimated considering death as a competing risk. RESULTS: Patients without cancer (n=353) and active cancer (n=45) were comparable in terms of age, sex, antibiotics administered, length of hospitalization, and critical care. The most common malignancies were lymphoid (17.8%), gastrointestinal (15.6%), lung (13.3%), and genitourinary (13.3%). At day 28, the cumulative incidence of thrombotic events was 18.2% (95% CI, 10.2% to 27.9%) in non‐cancer cohort and 14.2% (95% CI, 4.7% to 28.7%) in the cancer cohort. The cumulative incidence of major and fatal bleeding at day 28 was 20.8% (95% CI, 12.1 to 31.0%) in the non‐cancer group and 19.5% (95% CI, 5.5% to 39.8%) in the cancer cohort. Three patients experienced fatal bleeds, all of whom were in the non‐cancer cohort. Survival was significantly shorter in the group with active cancer (P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a similarly high incidence of thrombosis and bleeding among patients admitted with COVID‐19 with or without active cancer. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692862/ doi: 10.1111/jth.15018 id: cord-319379-qe56u93a author: Patil, Vaishali M. title: A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials date: 2020-05-11 words: 2813.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt summary: The well reported and clinically used anti-malarial aminoquinoline drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) have shown potential to be repurposed to control the present pandemic by inhibition of COVID-19. The review elaborates the mechanism of action, safety (side effects, adverse effects, toxicity) and worldwide clinical trials for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to benefit the clinicians, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist actively involved in the management of COVID-19 infection. In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus replication by chloroquine Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by hydroxychloroquine in T cells and monocytes Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo Mycophenolic acid inhibits dengue virus infection by preventing replication of viral RNA Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro abstract: Recent global outbreak of the pandemic caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) emphasizes the urgent need for novel antiviral therapeutics. It can be supplemented by utilization of efficient and validated drug discovery approaches such as drug repurposing/repositioning. The well reported and clinically used anti-malarial aminoquinoline drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) have shown potential to be repurposed to control the present pandemic by inhibition of COVID-19. The review elaborates the mechanism of action, safety (side effects, adverse effects, toxicity) and worldwide clinical trials for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to benefit the clinicians, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist actively involved in the management of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320520305233?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117775 id: cord-256717-bnzbhetc author: Paton, Calum title: Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 2472.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256717-bnzbhetc.txt summary: It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the "wrong call". In the case of the British government, "science" has had to follow policy both past and present: both ill-preparedness for a pandemic and the unwillingness of government to take drastic action (until it was too late) With a novel virus and a new pandemic, there is no unequivocal "science" based on evidence at the time key decisions are needed. If, as it was claimed by Ministers as well as Chris Whitty, testing was abandoned due to there being too many cases and COVID-19 becoming embedded, why was lockdown still rejected, after the abandonment of containment, on the grounds that it was not justified by the evidence? abstract: This article gives key reasons for the UK's tardy and confused attempts to react to the COVID‐19 pandemic. It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the “wrong call”. It also highlights a failure to “follow the science”, except in so far as the “science” had already accepted some dubious political judgements and the lack of capacity to test as the starting‐point. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32490556/ doi: 10.1002/hpm.2991 id: cord-352642-u513wnu1 author: Patrocínio de Jesus, Rita title: Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Asymptomatic Infection while on High-Dose Corticosteroids. Case Report date: 2020-10-02 words: 2211.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352642-u513wnu1.txt summary: After reviewing this case in light of current evidence and debates surrounding SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, we hypothesize that patients on corticosteroids may have particular viral shedding dynamics and should prompt a more conservative approach in regard to isolation discontinuation and monitoring. Since the identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the cause of the disease which was later named COVID-19, and as it progressed to the current worldwide pandemic, much investigation has been made regarding its clinical presentation, transmission route, and immunity. This could point either to a reactivation of the disease in a patient who first presented as asymptomatic or to a long incubation period (18 days from risk contact until developing symptoms, with a CT performed 3 days prior to the onset of symptoms showing an evolving disease, which is consistent with previous studies reporting typical radiological findings of COVID-19 in asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients [2] ). abstract: As SARS-CoV-2 and its related clinical syndrome (COVID-19) became a pandemic worldwide, questions regarding its clinical presentation, infectivity, and immune response have been the subject of investigation. We present a case of a patient previously considered recovered from nosocomially transmitted asymptomatic COVID-19 illness, who presented with new respiratory, radiological, and RT-PCR findings consistent with COVID-19, while on high-dose prednisolone due to a suspected secondary demyelinating disease. Importantly, it led to three subsequent cases within patient’s household after discharge from the hospital. After reviewing this case in light of current evidence and debates surrounding SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, we hypothesize that patients on corticosteroids may have particular viral shedding dynamics and should prompt a more conservative approach in regard to isolation discontinuation and monitoring. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043249/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00548-x id: cord-338365-9sd62a2w author: Patrício Silva, Ana L. title: Increased plastic pollution due to Covid-19 pandemic: challenges and recommendations date: 2020-08-17 words: 7418.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338365-9sd62a2w.txt summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review on the potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures in the environment while considering the shift on public behaviour and policies towards single-use items and waste management. At first glance COVID-19 pandemic seems to be indirectly contributing towards the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (namely 11, 12, 13, 15 SGDs) by increasing overall health and safety of cities by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), outdoor air pollution, environmental noise level (including underwater noise due to reduced marine transportation activities), land and wildlife pressure. While the positive impacts of COVID-19 in the environment are resulting from a "postponed" anthropogenic activity that soon will entail after the pandemic scenario; the negative short-term effects (that are mostly related with plastic use, consumption and waste mismanagement as discussed below) will shortly add-up to the current environmental issues, aggravating their impact in the natural ecosystems and compromising potential mitigation/remediation measures. abstract: Plastics have become a severe transboundary threat to natural ecosystems and human health, with studies predicting a twofold increase in the number of plastic debris (including micro and nano-sized plastics) by 2030. However, such predictions will likely be aggravated by the excessive use and consumption of single-use plastics (including personal protective equipment such as masks and gloves) due to COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the effects of COVID-19 on macroplastic pollution and its potential implications on the environment and human health considering short- and long-term scenarios; addressing the main challenges and discussing potential strategies to overcome them. It emphasises that future measures, involved in an emergent health crisis or not, should reflect a balance between public health and environmental safety as they are both undoubtedly connected. Although the use and consumption of plastics significantly improved our quality of life, it is crucial to shift towards sustainable alternatives, such as bio-based plastics. Plastics should remain in the top of the political agenda in Europe and across the world, not only to minimise plastic leakage and pollution, but to promote sustainable growth and to stimulate both green and blue- economies. Discussions on this topic, particularly considering the excessive use of plastic, should start soon with the involvement of the scientific community, plastic producers and politicians in order to be prepared for the near future. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894720328114?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126683 id: cord-270897-fywmv7jg author: Pattanakuhar, Sintip title: A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report date: 2020-06-01 words: 1362.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270897-fywmv7jg.txt summary: title: A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report During the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury (SCI) and COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical SCI resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A with unrecognized, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection. Acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe, life-threatening condition causing functional impairments and affects multiple body systems including the respiratory system. The most common cause of death in patients with COVID-19 is reported to be acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A non-COVID-19 related cause of cardiac sudden death in this patient could be pulmonary embolism (PE), 5 which is commonly found in patients with acute SCI. abstract: During the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury (SCI) and COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical SCI resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A with unrecognized, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection. This resulted in large-scale quarantines of related surgical and rehabilitation staff, and the unexpected death of the patient despite receiving the treatments according to the standard guideline. Rehabilitation personnel who take care of acute SCI patients with COVID-19 should consider the effect of SCI on the course of COVID-19, the effect of COVID-19 and its treatments on the course of SCI, and risks of SAR-CoV2 transmission between patients and rehabilitation staff, to continue providing safe and effective rehabilitation programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32487972/ doi: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001485 id: cord-339111-d6ll48nv author: Patterson, Joanne M title: COVID‐19 and ENT SLT services, workforce and research in the UK: A discussion paper date: 2020-08-08 words: 6628.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339111-d6ll48nv.txt summary: One area that is severely affected is ear, nose and throat (ENT)/laryngology where speech and language therapists (SLTs) engage in a diverse range of practice with patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems, and head and neck cancers (HNCs). MAIN CONTRIBUTION: The main threats to ENT/laryngology SLT clinical services include increased patient complexity related to COVID‐19 voice and airway problems, delayed HNC diagnosis, reduced access to instrumental procedures and inequitable care provision. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: ENT/laryngology SLTs manage patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems and HNCs. The diverse scope of clinical practice involves highly specialized assessment and treatment practices in patients in high‐risk categories. The NIHR CRN ENT SLT (National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network, Ear Nose and Throat sub-specialty Speech and Language Therapy) Research Group represents a collaboration of experienced clinical researchers in ENT/laryngology (voice and airway disorders, and head and neck cancer-HNC). abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic and the UK government's subsequent coronavirus action plan have fundamentally impacted on every aspect of healthcare. One area that is severely affected is ear, nose and throat (ENT)/laryngology where speech and language therapists (SLTs) engage in a diverse range of practice with patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems, and head and neck cancers (HNCs). A large majority of these patients are in high‐risk categories, and many specialized clinical practices are vulnerable. In addition, workforce and research issues are challenged in both the immediate context and the future. AIMS: To discuss the threats and opportunities from the COVID‐19 pandemic for SLTs in ENT/laryngology with specific reference to clinical practice, workforce and research leadership. METHODS & PROCEDURES: The relevant sections of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) health systems building blocks framework (2007) were used to structure the study. Expert agreement was determined by an iterative process of multiple‐group discussions, the use of all recent relevant policy documentation, and other literature and shared documentation/writing. The final paper was verified and agreed by all authors. MAIN CONTRIBUTION: The main threats to ENT/laryngology SLT clinical services include increased patient complexity related to COVID‐19 voice and airway problems, delayed HNC diagnosis, reduced access to instrumental procedures and inequitable care provision. The main clinical opportunities include the potential for new modes of service delivery and collaborations, and harnessing SLT expertise in non‐instrumental assessment. There are several workforce issues, including redeployment (and impact on current services), training implications and psychological impact on staff. Workforce opportunities exist for service innovation and potential extended ENT/SLT practice roles. Research is threatened by a reduction in immediate funding calls and high competition. Current research is affected by very limited access to participants and the ability to conduct face‐to‐face and instrumental assessments. However, research opportunities may result in greater collaboration, and changes in service delivery necessitate robust investigation and evaluation. A new national set of research priorities is likely to emerge. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The immediate impact of the pandemic has resulted in major disruption to all aspects of clinical delivery, workforce and research for ENT/laryngology SLT. It is unclear when any of these areas will resume operations and whether permanent changes to clinical practice, professional remits and research priorities will follow. However, significant opportunity exists in the post‐COVID era to re‐evaluate current practice, embrace opportunities and evaluate new ways of working. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: ENT/laryngology SLTs manage patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems and HNCs. The diverse scope of clinical practice involves highly specialized assessment and treatment practices in patients in high‐risk categories. A large majority of active research projects in this field are patient focused and involve instrumental assessment. The COVID‐19 pandemic has created both opportunities and threats for ENT SLT clinical services, workforce and research. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: This study provides a discussion of the threats and opportunities from the COVID‐19 pandemic for ENT/laryngology SLT with specific reference to clinical practice, workforce and research leadership. WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK? The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in major disruption to all aspects of clinical delivery, workforce and research for ENT/laryngology SLT. Changes to clinical practice, professional remits and research priorities are of indeterminant duration at this time, and some components could be permanent. Significant clinical practice, workforce and research opportunities may exist in the post‐COVID era. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12565 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12565 id: cord-274542-fpzk5k79 author: Patti, Giuseppe title: Questions and Answers on Practical Thrombotic Issues in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Guidance Document from the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology date: 2020-11-03 words: 5628.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274542-fpzk5k79.txt summary: UFH should be limited to patients with CrCl < 30 mL/min An invasive "catheter"-based therapy for PE is indicated in selected cases with contraindication to anticoagulant drugs, recurrent events despite adequate anticoagulation, or when systemic fibrinolysis cannot be performed For the risk stratification of patients with VTE, monitoring of the following parameters is useful: troponin, BNP, D-dimer, blood cell count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and degradation products of fibrin After the initial approach, DOACs may represent an option for in-hospital treatment of a VTE episode in patients with clinical stability and decreasing inflammation After a VTE episode, DOACs should represent the therapy of choice at discharge The use of imaging techniques in diagnosing a VTE episode is complex, because of the risk of viral transmission to other patients and to healthcare workers, and must be regulated by specific in-hospital protocols aimed at limiting such risk. abstract: In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases is elevated. Moreover, various features, also including pro-thrombotic status, further predispose these patients to increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events. Thus, the identification of optimal antithrombotic strategies in terms of the risk–benefit ratio and outcome improvement in this setting is crucial. However, debated issues on antithrombotic therapies in patients with COVID-19 are multiple and relevant. In this article, we provide ten questions and answers on risk stratification and antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatments in patients at risk of/with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on the scientific evidence gathered during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-020-00446-6 doi: 10.1007/s40256-020-00446-6 id: cord-352779-zdtpnip0 author: Patti, Ravi Karan title: Subacute Aspergillosis “Fungal Balls” Complicating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 1548.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352779-zdtpnip0.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019), began in the Wuhan District of Hubei Province, China. We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea; diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2–related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and complicated with lung cavitations growing Aspergillus sp. Due to persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis, the patient further underwent tracheostomy and was discharged to a subacute rehabilitation facility. 11 We report this case of subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, who did not have any history of pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or preformed cavities to predispose for aspergillus infection. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a superimposed infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a superimposed infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2), commonly known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019), began in the Wuhan District of Hubei Province, China. It is regarded as one of the worst pandemics, which has consumed both human lives and the world economy. COVID-19 infection mainly affects the lungs triggering severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, also providing a nidus for superimposed bacterial and fungal infections. We report the case of a 73-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea; diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2–related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and complicated with lung cavitations growing Aspergillus sp. COVID-19, to our knowledge, has rarely been associated with subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with aspergillomas. Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a superimposed infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is a rare entity. By reporting this case, we would like to make the readers aware of this association. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2324709620966475 doi: 10.1177/2324709620966475 id: cord-355475-kdubhh73 author: Patton, Lauren L. title: Viral Pandemics and Oral Health: Lessons Learned From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-05 words: 2161.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355475-kdubhh73.txt summary: An early survey in May and June 2020 of practicing dentists in private practice and public health settings in the United States (U.S.), a short 2 months after the first COVID-19 wave and national shortages of personal protective equipment caused offices to move to emergency only dental care, showed that 99.7% of offices had implemented enhanced infection control procedures. While hope for a COVID-19 vaccine to quell transmission is widespread, we must not lose sight of the fact that diverse vaccine development technologies and novel drug discovery efforts made today will benefit our response to the next pandemic. 14 When the diversity of oral mucosal and salivary gland disorders were observed in HIV/AIDS patients, international collaborative groups such as the European Community We learned from HIV disease management that the antiretroviral drugs can have acute and long-term toxicities including ulcers, xerostomia/parotid lipomatosis, taste disturbances, perioral paresthesia, erythema multiforme and facial fat wasting. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2212440320313146 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.10.022 id: cord-312125-j9l6l3dx author: Pau, Alice K. title: Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of COVID-19: Perspectives of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel date: 2020-09-25 words: 1796.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312125-j9l6l3dx.txt summary: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. In March 2020, the FDA authorized expanded access to convalescent plasma for treating severe or life-threatening COVID-19 under individual-patient emergency Investigational New Drug applications. Given the lack of data from properly powered RCTs, and the need to inform regulatory decision making regarding continued access to convalescent plasma, both the FDA and the Mayo Clinic performed retrospective, indirect evaluations of efficacy by using EAP data, hypothesizing that patients who received plasma units with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies would have better clinical outcomes. abstract: In the United States, the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently being tested in randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Treatment of individual patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma outside such trials is also now permitted through U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization. Here, members of the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel provide their views regarding use of convalescent plasma for treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-6448 doi: 10.7326/m20-6448 id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 words: 6063.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt summary: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. A lot of literature exists in COVID-19, but most of them talk about the social and psychological side of the COVID problems. COVID-19 has affected our day-to-day life and its effects are extensive. Most of the literature presents the adverse effect of the pandemic, but there are very few state-of-the-art approaches that discuss its beneficial effects. We see the multiple faces of the pandemic in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that presents the pros and cons of the pandemic. We present a survey that surrounds over effects on education, environment, and religion. The positive side of COVID-19 raises an alarm for us to wake up and work in that direction. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.12127v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-335373-17tcikxl author: Paul, Elisabeth title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 words: 3703.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335373-17tcikxl.txt summary: ► The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered unprecedented measures worldwide, which have often been adopted in an ''emergency'' mode and are largely reactionary ► Alternatively, COVID-19 needs to be appraised as part of a much bigger health picture, adopting a "systems approach" that enables interactions with other acknowledged and preventable health conditions, which often receive disproportionately low attention ► To do so requires a paradigm shift in global health governance, from a specific reactional paradigm to a systemic, coordinated and preventive paradigm ► It is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to health reflecting both a security approach and a health development approach, tackling upstream causes and determinants, aimed at helping populations reduce their individual risk factors and augment their natural immunity ► Such preventive health policies must be tailored to local specificities and local environments, and health systems must be strengthened at the local level so as to be able to respond to population needs and expectations ► The current crisis calls for a paradigm shift in public and global health policies; and in the in the nexus between local, national and global health policies and systems abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 id: cord-350519-3h5ipcwn author: Paul, L. A. title: Characteristics associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-26 words: 5183.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt summary: From adjusted logistic models, we observed increased odds of any household transmission with longer testing delays for the index case compared to 0-day (i.e., the individual was tested on the same day as their symptom onset) testing delays (ORs: 1-day delay=2·02, 2-day delay=1·96, 3-day delay=2·36, 4-day delay=2·64, ≥5-day delay=3·02) (Figure 3 , Supplementary Table S4 ). In this retrospective study of 26,152 confirmed cases of COVID-19 residing in 21,226 private households, we found that longer testing delays and male sex were associated with greater odds of household secondary transmission, while being a healthcare worker or linked to a known outbreak was associated with lower odds of household transmission. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between index case delay metrics and odds of household transmission 269 cases were excluded from the testing delay models that had COVID-19 symptoms flagged in provincial reportable disease systems but were missing symptom onset date. abstract: BACKGROUND: Within-household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been identified as one of the main sources of spread of COVID-19 after lockdown restrictions and self-isolation guidelines are implemented. Secondary attack rates among household contacts are estimated to be five to ten times higher than among non-household contacts, but it is unclear which individuals are more prone to transmit infection within their households. METHODS: Using address matching, a cohort was assembled of all laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 residing in private households in Ontario, Canada. Descriptive analyses were performed to compare characteristics of cases in households that experienced secondary transmission versus those that did not. Logistic regression models were fit to determine index case characteristics and neighbourhood characteristics associated with transmission. FINDINGS: Between January and July, 2020, there were 26,152 cases of COVID-19 residing in 21,226 households. Longer testing delays ([≥]5 days versus 0 days OR=3.02, 95% CI: 2.53 - 3.60) and male sex (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.38) were associated with greater odds of household secondary transmission, while being a healthcare worker (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.62) was associated with lower odds of transmission. Neighbourhoods with larger average economic family size and a higher proportion of households with multiple persons per room were also associated with greater odds of transmission. INTERPRETATION: It is important for individuals to get tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection as soon as symptoms appear, and to isolate away from household contacts; this is particularly important in neighbourhoods with large family sizes and/or crowded households. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.22.20217802 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20217802 id: cord-292551-n3gzgn6w author: Pavarini, Gabriela title: Debate: Promoting capabilities for young people''s agency in the COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-08-13 words: 1262.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292551-n3gzgn6w.txt summary: Inspired by Amartya Sen''s capabilities framework, we argue that building capacity and creating opportunities for community and civic engagement during this time will help young people gain agency and well‐being. Providing capabilities for young people''s agency not only builds personal resilience, but also strengthens the quality of our research, interventions and overall response to the global health crisis. In what follows, we position young people''s agency as a critical capability (Singh, 2017) to be mobilised during COVID-19, and we highlight two key areas where this potential can be realised: coproduction of research, and peer-led interventions. In addition to active participation in research, it is also important to support young people in the design and delivery of peer-to-peer education and mental health interventions. However, such considerations should not form a priori reasons to conceptualise young people as capable primarily of passive participation in civic engagements, such as COVID-19-related research and peer support initiatives. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic is having a pervasive effect on young people's mental health and well‐being, giving rise to feelings of deep uncertainty and lack of control. Inspired by Amartya Sen's capabilities framework, we argue that building capacity and creating opportunities for community and civic engagement during this time will help young people gain agency and well‐being. We highlight two key areas for participatory engagement: coproduction of research, and peer‐led interventions. Providing capabilities for young people's agency not only builds personal resilience, but also strengthens the quality of our research, interventions and overall response to the global health crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791558/ doi: 10.1111/camh.12409 id: cord-331688-88veckbv author: Pavlakis, Steven title: Fear and Understanding in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 1129.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331688-88veckbv.txt summary: An anesthesiologist friend tells us that, at State University of New York, Stony Brook, they are intubating about 18 patients per day for COVID-19 pulmonary disease. Anecdotally, many of our physicians suggest that critically ill patients are hypercoagulable, with intravenous lines that clot easily and associated kidney and liver disease. One patient was reported with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 2004 who had a coronavirus (but not COVID-19) in cerebrospinal spinal fluid, suggesting that coronavirus may directly affect the central nervous system in children. It has been said that coronavirus does not directly infect the brain, but that was also said about HIV-1 before an autopsy study determined that 25% of AIDS patients had human immunodeficiency virus in brain endothelial cells. Stroke investigations in adult patients are planned and pediatric neurology should be investigating stroke associations as well. COVID-19 in children: initial characterization of the pediatric disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32951655/ doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.06.015 id: cord-348022-nt5omngy author: Pavlidis, Pollyanna title: Clinical guidelines for caring for women with COVID-19 during pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postpartum period date: 2020-11-03 words: 5039.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348022-nt5omngy.txt summary: The aim of this project was to develop a database of Australian and international recommendations relating to antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care of women during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to identify inconsistencies in clinical guidance. Methods : We conducted weekly web searches from 30th March to 15th May 2020 to identify recommendations pertaining to the care of women during pregnancy, labour and postpartum period from national or international professional societies, specialist colleges, Ministries of Health, Australian state and territory governments, and international guideline development organisations. We aimed to develop a database of national and international guidelines related to the antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care of women during the COVID -19 pandemic and identify those interventions where there was high and low consensus across recommendations. We aimed to identify and include any guidance that provided clinical recommendations or normative statements related to the clinical care of women during pregnancy, labour, childbirth or the postpartum period in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background The spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March 2020. Since then there has been a rapid rise in development of maternal and perinatal health guidelines related to COVID-19. The aim of this project was to develop a database of Australian and international recommendations relating to antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care of women during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to identify inconsistencies in clinical guidance. Methods : We conducted weekly web searches from 30th March to 15th May 2020 to identify recommendations pertaining to the care of women during pregnancy, labour and postpartum period from national or international professional societies, specialist colleges, Ministries of Health, Australian state and territory governments, and international guideline development organisations. Individual recommendations were extracted and classified according to intervention type, time period, and patient population. Findings were reported using descriptive analysis, with areas of consensus and non-consensus identified. Results We identified 81 guidelines from 48 different organisations. Generally, there was high consensus across guidelines for specific interventions. However, variable guidance was identified on the use of nitrous oxide during labour, administration of antenatal corticosteroids, neonatal isolation after birth, labour and birth companions, and the use of disease modifying agents for treating COVID-19. Conclusion Discrepancies between different guideline development organisations creates challenges for maternity care clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collating recommendations and keeping up-to-date with the latest guidance can help clinicians provide the best possible care to pregnant women and their babies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871519220303723 doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.10.015 id: cord-308409-0n2ysgsa author: Pawlak, Katarzyna M. title: Impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy trainees: an international survey date: 2020-06-11 words: 3536.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308409-0n2ysgsa.txt summary: Therefore, in this international survey, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy trainees, including procedure numbers, barriers to training, and the physical and emotional well-being of trainees. 2) Changes to institutional case volume 3) Trainee concerns regarding competency development and prolongation of training; 4) Anxiety, assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, 12 and rates of burnout, measured using the single item burnout scale. Of the 770 (93.8%) trainees who reported a reduction in endoscopy procedural volumes during the COVID-19 study period, the reasons cited included: changes to institutional policy to exclude trainees from procedures (79.9%); lack of cases (58.3%); shortage of available PPE (28.8%); redeployment to another clinical area (24.0%); and personal reasons (10.2%). Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to drastic reductions in endoscopic volumes and restrictions on endoscopy training, with detrimental effects on trainee well-being, including high rates of anxiety and burnout among trainees worldwide. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001651072034428X doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.010 id: cord-303046-unksl7p4 author: Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel title: COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come date: 2020-06-11 words: 1899.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303046-unksl7p4.txt summary: As a result of lockdowns and suspension of usual clinical care activities for the benefit of patients with COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having a major effect on the management of patients with chronic liver diseases, in particular those with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and in liver transplantation programmes. The COVID-19 pandemic will also negatively affect the care and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, generating delayed diagnosis, deferred treatment (including medical and surgical, such as access to liver transplantation), loss to follow-up and, ultimately, increased mortality. Most COviD-19-induced liver-mortality will be delayed, resulting from deferred care for liver diseases, reduced funding for public health interventions and the global economic crisis, which will lead to increases in alcohol and drug use and in blood-borne virus transmissions, while access to care and funding are reduced. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) itself and/or the use of hepatotoxic drugs might negatively affect the course and management of patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases. However, the greatest effect of COVID-19 on liver diseases will be indirect and delayed, resulting from the impending global economic crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528138/ doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-0328-2 id: cord-158252-l43ztxsl author: Pawlowski, Colin title: Longitudinal laboratory testing tied to PCR diagnostics in COVID-19 patients reveals temporal evolution of distinctive coagulopathy signatures date: 2020-05-21 words: 6126.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-158252-l43ztxsl.txt summary: We found that compared to COVIDneg at the time of clinical presentation and diagnostic testing, COVIDpos patients tended to have higher plasma fibrinogen levels and similarly low platelet counts, with approximately 25% of patients in both cohorts showing outright thrombocytopenia. To this end, we instituted a holistic data science platform across an academic health care system that enables machine intelligence to augment the curation of phenotypes and outcomes from 15.2 million EHR clinical notes and associated 3 million lab tests from 1,192 COVID-19positive (COVIDpos) and 47,344 confirmed COVID-19-negative (COVIDneg) patients over a retrospectively defined 2-month observation period straddling the date of the PCR test (see Methods). Conversely, platelet counts were lower in the COVIDpos cohort at the time of clinical presentation but tended to increase over the subsequent 10 days to levels significantly higher than those in COVIDneg patients (Cohen''s D = 0.361, BH-adjusted Mann-Whitney p-value = 0.008, Table 2, Figure 2B ). abstract: Temporal inference from laboratory testing results and their triangulation with clinical outcomes as described in the associated unstructured text from the providers notes in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) is integral to advancing precision medicine. Here, we studied 181 COVIDpos and 7,775 COVIDneg patients subjected to 1.3 million laboratory tests across 194 assays during a two-month observation period centered around their SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing dates. We found that compared to COVIDneg at the time of clinical presentation and diagnostic testing, COVIDpos patients tended to have higher plasma fibrinogen levels and similarly low platelet counts, with approximately 25% of patients in both cohorts showing outright thrombocytopenia. However, these measures show opposite longitudinal trends as the infection evolves, with declining fibrinogen and increasing platelet counts to levels that are lower and higher compared to the COVIDneg cohort, respectively. Our EHR augmented curation efforts suggest a minority of patients develop thromboembolic events after the PCR testing date, including rare cases with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), with most patients lacking the platelet reductions typically observed in consumptive coagulopathies. These temporal trends present, for the first time, fine-grained resolution of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC), via a digital framework that synthesizes longitudinal lab measurements with structured medication data and neural network-powered extraction of outcomes from the unstructured EHR. This study demonstrates how a precision medicine platform can help contextualize each patients specific coagulation profile over time, towards the goal of informing better personalization of thromboprophylaxis regimen. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.10938v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-268721-n6dsc4ig author: Pawlowski, Colin title: Inference from longitudinal laboratory tests characterizes temporal evolution of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) date: 2020-08-17 words: 6967.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268721-n6dsc4ig.txt summary: . Summary of lab tests significantly different between COVID pos and propensity score-matched COVID neg cohorts during at least one clinical time window. Conversely, platelet counts were lower in the COVID pos cohort at the time of clinical presentation but tended to increase over the subsequent 10 days to levels significantly higher than those in COVID neg patients (Cohen''s D = 0.229, BH-adjusted Mann-Whitney p-value = 3.6e-3, Table 2, Figure 3B ). This approach offers the advantage of increased granularity at the cost of sample size per time point, but we did identify similar lab tests as altered in COVID pos patients using each approach including the fibrinogen decline and platelet increase in the COVID pos cohort after diagnosis ( Figure 4 ). Our study focusing on COVID-19 patients with longitudinal lab data suggests that COVID-19 is indeed associated with modulation of coagulation related parameters such as platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, and clotting time ( Figure 2) . abstract: Temporal inference from laboratory testing results and triangulation with clinical outcomes extracted from unstructured electronic health record (EHR) provider notes is integral to advancing precision medicine. Here, we studied 246 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive (COVID(pos)) patients and propensity-matched 2460 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative (COVID(neg)) patients subjected to around 700,000 lab tests cumulatively across 194 assays. Compared to COVID(neg) patients at the time of diagnostic testing, COVID(pos) patients tended to have higher plasma fibrinogen levels and lower platelet counts. However, as the infection evolves, COVID(pos) patients distinctively show declining fibrinogen, increasing platelet counts, and lower white blood cell counts. Augmented curation of EHRs suggests that only a minority of COVID(pos) patients develop thromboembolism, and rarely, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), with patients generally not displaying platelet reductions typical of consumptive coagulopathies. These temporal trends provide fine-grained resolution into COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) and set the stage for personalizing thromboprophylaxis. url: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.59209 doi: 10.7554/elife.59209 id: cord-336769-5x6xjuew author: Payne, Daniel C. title: SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses from a Sample of U.S. Navy Service Members — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020 date: 2020-06-12 words: 2567.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336769-5x6xjuew.txt summary: In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. At the time of specimen collection, participants completed a questionnaire eliciting information on demographic characteristics, exposure, COVID-19 protective behaviors, health history, and symptoms; participants also reported whether they had had a previous positive COVID-19 test since deployment but before this investigation. Among a convenience sample of 382 young adult U.S. service members aboard an aircraft carrier experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak, 60% had reactive antibodies, and 59% of those also had neutralizing antibodies at the time of specimen collection. In this convenience sample of young, healthy U.S. service members experiencing close contact aboard an aircraft carrier, those with previous or current SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced mild illness overall, and nearly 20% were asymptomatic. abstract: Compared with the volume of data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks among older adults, relatively few data are available concerning COVID-19 in younger, healthy persons in the United States (1,2). In late March 2020, the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt arrived at port in Guam after numerous U.S. service members onboard developed COVID-19. In April, the U.S. Navy and CDC investigated this outbreak, and the demographic, epidemiologic, and laboratory findings among a convenience sample of 382 service members serving aboard the aircraft carrier are reported in this study. The outbreak was characterized by widespread transmission with relatively mild symptoms and asymptomatic infection among this sample of mostly young, healthy adults with close, congregate exposures. Service members who reported taking preventive measures had a lower infection rate than did those who did not report taking these measures (e.g., wearing a face covering, 55.8% versus 80.8%; avoiding common areas, 53.8% versus 67.5%; and observing social distancing, 54.7% versus 70.0%, respectively). The presence of neutralizing antibodies, which represent antibodies that inhibit SARS-CoV-2, among the majority (59.2%) of those with antibody responses is a promising indicator of at least short-term immunity. This report improves the understanding of COVID-19 in the U.S. military and among young adults in congregate settings and reinforces the importance of preventive measures to lower risk for infection in similar environments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32525850/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e4 id: cord-281508-zl2url8z author: Pearce, N. title: Is death from Covid-19 a multistep process? date: 2020-06-03 words: 4997.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281508-zl2url8z.txt summary: The Covid-19 death rate increases exponentially with age, and the main risk factors are age itself, as well as having underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, severe chronic respiratory disease and cancer. Thus, death from Covid-19 and SARS appears to follow a distinct age-pattern, consistent with a multistep model of disease that in the case of Covid-19 is probably defined by comorbidities and age producing immune-related susceptibility. SARS showed a similar log-log age-pattern to that of Covid-19, albeit with a lower slope (indicating a smaller number of steps); in contrast, seasonal and pandemic influenza showed quite different agepatterns. These findings are consistent with a multistep model of disease involving a six-step process that in the case of SARS-COV-2 is probably defined by comorbidities and age producing immune-related susceptibility. abstract: Covid-19 death has a different relationship with age than is the case for other severe respiratory pathogens. The Covid-19 death rate increases exponentially with age, and the main risk factors are age itself, as well as having underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, severe chronic respiratory disease and cancer. Furthermore, the almost complete lack of deaths in children suggests that infection alone is not sufficient to cause death; rather, one must have gone through a number of changes, either as a result of undefined aspects of aging, or as a result of chronic disease. These characteristics of Covid-19 death are consistent with the multistep model of disease, a model which has primarily been used for cancer, and more recently for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We applied the multi-step model to data on Covid-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) from China, South Korea, Italy, Spain and Japan. In all countries we found that a plot of ln (CFR) against ln (age) was approximately linear with a slope of about 5. As a comparison, we also conducted similar analyses for selected other respiratory diseases. SARS showed a similar log-log age-pattern to that of Covid-19, albeit with a lower slope, whereas seasonal and pandemic influenza showed quite different age-patterns. Thus, death from Covid-19 and SARS appears to follow a distinct age-pattern, consistent with a multistep model of disease that in the case of Covid-19 is probably defined by comorbidities and age producing immune-related susceptibility. Identification of these steps would be potentially important for prevention and therapy for SARS-COV-2 infection. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.01.20116608v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20116608 id: cord-337632-2q6gm7n3 author: Pearman, Ann title: Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-13 words: 4672.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337632-2q6gm7n3.txt summary: HCPs reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, past and future appraisal of COVID-related stress, concern about their health, tiredness, current general anxiety, and constraint, in addition to lower levels of proactive coping compared to those who were not HCPs (p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.28). As expected, there were significant differences on education [χ 2 (8, N = 180) = 16.61, p = 0.03] such that HCPs had more education than non-HCPs. Results from the MANOVA ( Table 2 ) controlling for education show that HCPs reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, current anxiety, concern about their health, tiredness, constraint, and past and future appraisal of COVID-related stress, but lower levels of proactive coping compared to non-HCPs (Pillai''s Trace = 0.28, F(12,160) = 5.29, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.28). abstract: As COVID-19 continues to impact global society, healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at risk for a number of negative well-being outcomes due to their role as care providers. The objective of this study was to better understand the current psychological impact of COVID-19 on HCPs in the United States This study used an online survey tool to collect demographic data and measures of well-being of adults age 18 and older living in the United States between March 20, 2020 and May 14, 2020. Measures included anxiety and stress related to COVID-19, depressive symptoms, current general anxiety, health questions, tiredness, control beliefs, proactive coping, and past and future appraisals of COVID-related stress. The sample included 90 HCPs and 90 age-matched controls (M(age) = 34.72 years, SD = 9.84, range = 23 – 67) from 35 states of the United States. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed, using education as a covariate, to identify group differences in the mental and physical health measures. HCPs reported higher levels of depressive symptoms, past and future appraisal of COVID-related stress, concern about their health, tiredness, current general anxiety, and constraint, in addition to lower levels of proactive coping compared to those who were not HCPs (p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.28). Within the context of this pandemic, HCPs were at increased risk for a number of negative well-being outcomes. Potential targets, such as adaptive coping training, for intervention are discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02065 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02065 id: cord-327894-b0bsseui author: Pecellín, Lidia Gestoso title: Recomendaciones y uso de los diferentes tipos de test para detección de infección por SARS-COV-2 date: 2020-10-14 words: 4897.0 sentences: 446.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327894-b0bsseui.txt summary: En respuesta a la COVID-19, el gobierno español inicialmente instó a limitar el contacto social como medida general, sin embargo, otros países, además, implementaron pruebas generalizadas para la infección por SARS-COV-2 desde el principio de la pandemia. Son test sencillos de hacer, pero deben ser interpretados con prudencia, en relación con el curso de la infección, sobre todo por la tasa de falsos negativos en la detección de IgM ya que la respuesta de IgM en un enfermo COVID-19 puede tardar en aparecer desde varios días a dos semanas 21 Algunos estudios han mostrado que durante los primeros 7 días desde el inicio de síntomas, menos de un 40% de pacientes presentan anticuerpos IgM detectables. abstract: En la actual crisis provocada por el SARS-CoV-2, surge la necesidad global de conocer y combatir el virus. Una de las estrategias es rastrear y diagnosticar los casos con el fin de aislar e interrumpir la cadena epidemiológica. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es describir las distintas pruebas diagnósticas más utilizadas y analizar su validez y recomendaciones de uso según la evidencia científica y las principales recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales de sociedades científicas y organismos de referencia. Desde el inicio de la pandemia la disponibilidad de test ha estado supeditada a las condiciones del propio mercado de fabricación y a las directrices marcadas en cada país. Entre los tipos de test más utilizados cabe destacar la PCR, los Tests de detección de anticuerpos (IgG e IGM) y anticuerpos totales (Ab), también conocidos como tests rápidos, y los tests de detección de antígenos en exudado naso-faríngeo u otras muestras respiratorias de vías altas/bajas. Para cada uno de estos tests, es necesario conocer sus recomendaciones de uso y el procedimiento para la toma de muestras, siendo fundamental para minimizar las alteraciones en los resultados debido a una manipulación deficitaria. Asimismo, se recomienda determinar el momento más adecuado para la toma de muestras y su adecuada interpretación de los resultados obtenidos, que siempre ha de ser considerada junto con la sintomatología del paciente para la toma de decisiones clínicas. In the current crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is a global need to know and combat the virus. One of the strategies is to track and diagnose cases in order to isolate and interrupt the epidemiological chain. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe the different most used diagnostic tests and analyze their validity and recommendations for use according to scientific evidence and the main national and international recommendations of scientific societies and reference organizations. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the availability of tests has been subject to the conditions of the manufacturing market itself and to the guidelines set in each country. Among the most used types of tests, it is worth highlighting PCR, antibody detection tests (IgG and IGM) and total antibodies (Ab), also known as rapid tests, and tests for the detection of antigens in nasopharyngeal exudate or other upper / lower respiratory samples. For each of these tests, it is necessary to know their recommendations for use and the procedure for taking samples, which is essential to minimize alterations in the results due to poor handling. Likewise, it is recommended to determine the most appropriate moment for taking samples and their adequate interpretation of the results obtained, which must always be considered together with the patient's symptoms for clinical decision-making. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1130862120304952 doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.001 id: cord-310944-tfn0ltrz author: Peck, Jessica L. title: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice date: 2020-07-09 words: 5786.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310944-tfn0ltrz.txt summary: Other populations at significant risk include older adults (> 65 years of age), persons with underlying medical conditions (e.g., asthma, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease), persons with immunocompromise, persons with severe obesity (body mass index >40), persons with diabetes, persons undergoing dialysis, and persons residing in long-term care or nursing homes (CDC, 2020c) . Ideal PPE when caring for a patient with known or suspected COVID-19 infection includes: a new N-95 mask, gown, medical grade gloves, and eye covers and/or a face shield (CDC, 2020b). Recommendations for families include: 1) supporting children as they ask questions about the pandemic, 2) close monitoring of child health and well-being with prompt contact of primary healthcare providers if changes are noticed, and 3) continuing to seek care in-person or using telehealth to maintain well visits and immunization schedules while receiving anticipatory guidance and necessary screenings. abstract: Since the rapid emergence of the novel coronavirus in December of 2019 and subsequent development of a global pandemic, clinicians around the world have struggled to understand and respond effectively and efficiently. With global response encompassing social, political, organizational, and economic realms, world leaders are struggling to keep pace with the rapid changes. Challenges within global healthcare system and the healthcare profession itself include rationing supplies and services within health care systems, many of which were stretched to the brink before this latest viral outbreak (American Hospital Association, 2020). Leaders are making policy decisions while balancing the slow and precise nature of science with the rapid and pressing need for life-saving information (Altmann, Douek, & Boyton, 2020). Shortcuts on research are occurring, including publishing papers with lack of peer review. Social media and lurid reporting bolster feelings of mistrust and panic-buying while burgeoning conspiracy theories commandeer national dialogue. This is a time in history to prioritize global health and thoughtful pandemic preparedness (Lancet, 2020). Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs) are ideally situated to be a trusted source of accurate health information for children. This continuing education article summarizes the latest evidence-based information on the rapidly developing coronavirus pandemic; equipping PNPs for clinical preparation and response. 1.. Distinguish risk factors for COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality and identify modes of transmission. 2.. Appraise appropriate COVID-19 testing parameters and procedures for children. 3.. Compare pediatric clinical presentation to adults with COVID-19 infection and recommend appropriate treatment measures. 4.. State appropriate infection-control measures to reduce transmission. 5.. Describe measures to reduce the risk of infection spread, mitigate adverse health effects in high-risk children, and to promote general health through preventive care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891524520301772?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.07.004 id: cord-350232-zml4o93t author: Peck, Richard W title: A Real‐World Evidence Framework for Optimising Dosing in All Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 1931.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350232-zml4o93t.txt summary: Several drugs are being repurposed into clinical trials in COVID-19 patients, ranging from drugs already well established in other diseases, such as chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir+ ritonavir, azithromycin and tocilizumab/sarilumab, to those such as remdesivir still in development for their initial indication (1) . This will help maximise the value from all the data being collected in the many trials now ongoing, will be more informative than many separate models each developed from smaller datasets and will allow faster achievement of a consensus for how to adjust dosing of effective drugs to optimise responses in all patients. This should also now include working together to ensure optimal use of effective treatments in all real-world patients. Optimizing hydroxychloroquine dosing for patients with COVID-19: An integrative modelling approach for effective drug repurposing A model-and real world data-based framework for continuous updating of dosing recommendations and labelling of treatments for COVID-19 patients (hsCRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, Rx: treatment, PKPD: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics, VK: viral kinetic. abstract: The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and associated COVID‐19 disease are straining healthcare systems around the world with large numbers of patients becoming ill in a very short period of time, overwhelming healthcare systems in many countries. Several drugs are being repurposed into clinical trials in COVID‐19 patients, ranging from drugs already well established in other diseases, such as chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir+ ritonavir, azithromycin and tocilizumab/sarilumab, to those such as remdesivir still in development for their initial indication (1). The opportunities for clinical pharmacology to contribute to the development of new treatments have already been described by others in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2). url: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1922 doi: 10.1002/cpt.1922 id: cord-266010-ectnfv5z author: Pediconi, Federica title: Breast imaging and cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM date: 2020-07-13 words: 2737.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266010-ectnfv5z.txt summary: The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) provides recommendations for breast care provision and procedural prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic, being aware that medical decisions must be currently taken balancing patient''s individual and community safety: (1) patients having a scheduled or to-be-scheduled appointment for in-depth diagnostic breast imaging or needle biopsy should confirm the appointment or obtain a new one; (2) patients who have suspicious symptoms of breast cancer (in particular: new onset palpable nodule; skin or nipple retraction; orange peel skin; unilateral secretion from the nipple) should request non-deferrable tests at radiology services; (3) asymptomatic women performing annual mammographic follow-up after breast cancer treatment should preferably schedule the appointment within 1 year and 3 months from the previous check, compatibly with the local organizational conditions; (4) asymptomatic women who have not responded to the invitation for screening mammography after the onset of the pandemic or have been informed of the suspension of the screening activity should schedule the check preferably within 3 months from the date of the not performed check, compatibly with local organizational conditions. abstract: The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) provides recommendations for breast care provision and procedural prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic, being aware that medical decisions must be currently taken balancing patient’s individual and community safety: (1) patients having a scheduled or to-be-scheduled appointment for in-depth diagnostic breast imaging or needle biopsy should confirm the appointment or obtain a new one; (2) patients who have suspicious symptoms of breast cancer (in particular: new onset palpable nodule; skin or nipple retraction; orange peel skin; unilateral secretion from the nipple) should request non-deferrable tests at radiology services; (3) asymptomatic women performing annual mammographic follow-up after breast cancer treatment should preferably schedule the appointment within 1 year and 3 months from the previous check, compatibly with the local organizational conditions; (4) asymptomatic women who have not responded to the invitation for screening mammography after the onset of the pandemic or have been informed of the suspension of the screening activity should schedule the check preferably within 3 months from the date of the not performed check, compatibly with local organizational conditions. The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM recommends precautions to protect both patients and healthcare workers (radiologists, radiographers, nurses, and reception staff) from infection or disease spread on the occasion of breast imaging procedures, particularly mammography, breast ultrasound, breast magnetic resonance imaging, and breast intervention procedures. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01254-3 doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01254-3 id: cord-340578-5vyv9swb author: Pedraja, J. title: Role of 3D printing in the protection of surgical and critical care professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-09 words: 3361.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340578-5vyv9swb.txt summary: Results The following supplies are produced: 1) devices that help protect providers: face protection screens (2400 units), personalized accessories for photophores (20 units) and ear-protection forks for face-masks (1200 units); 2) products related to the ventilation of infected patients: connectors for non-invasive ventilation systems; and 3) oral and nasopharyngeal swabs (7500 units) for the identification of coronavirus carriers with the aim of designing action protocols in clinical areas. 7 However, we were unable to find studies describing the entire process of selection and production of the protective equipment needed by anaesthesiologists and other surgical and critical care staff, particularly in terms of transforming the ideas generated into solutions that can be used directly in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience with 3D printing in a tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on public-private coordination and the design, evaluation and development of end prod-ucts for surgical and critical care units using biocompatible polymers. abstract: Background and objective There is a shortage of supplies for the protection of professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. 3D printing offers the possibility to compensate for the production of some of the equipment needed. The objective is to describe the role of 3D printing in a health service during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the process to develop a final product ready to be implemented in the clinical environment. Methods A working group was formed between the healthcare administration, clinicians and other public and private institutions in Cantabria, Spain coordinated by the Valdecilla Virtual Hospital. The process included receiving the printing proposals, learning about the printing resources in the region, selecting the devices, creating a team for each project, prototyping, evaluation and redesign, manufacturing, assembly and distribution. Results The following supplies are produced: 1) devices that help protect providers: face protection screens (2400 units), personalized accessories for photophores (20 units) and ear-protection forks for face-masks (1200 units); 2) products related to the ventilation of infected patients: connectors for non-invasive ventilation systems; and 3) oral and nasopharyngeal swabs (7500 units) for the identification of coronavirus carriers with the aim of designing action protocols in clinical areas. Conclusions 3D printing is a valid resource for the production of protective material for professionals whose supply is reduced during a pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S234119292030127X doi: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.10.001 id: cord-320970-ru2iw0py author: Peeling, Rosanna W title: Serology testing in the COVID-19 pandemic response date: 2020-07-17 words: 3669.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320970-ru2iw0py.txt summary: On the basis of our knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries without the capacity to do molecular testing at scale to research the use of serology tests to triage symptomatic patients in community settings, to test contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. Point-of-care molecular assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection are now available to enable community-based testing for COVID-19 in LMICs. Unfortunately, the production of these test cartridges takes time and, again, global demand has outstripped supply, leaving LMICs struggling for access. On the basis of our current knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries with restricted capacity for molecular testing to embark on research into the use of serology tests in triaging symptomatic patients in community settings, testing contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. abstract: The collapse of global cooperation and a failure of international solidarity have led to many low-income and middle-income countries being denied access to molecular diagnostics in the COVID-19 pandemic response. Yet the scarcity of knowledge on the dynamics of the immune response to infection has led to hesitation on recommending the use of rapid immunodiagnostic tests, even though rapid serology tests are commercially available and scalable. On the basis of our knowledge and understanding of viral infectivity and host response, we urge countries without the capacity to do molecular testing at scale to research the use of serology tests to triage symptomatic patients in community settings, to test contacts of confirmed cases, and in situational analysis and surveillance. The WHO R&D Blue Print expert group identified eight priorities for research and development, of which the highest is to mobilise research on rapid point-of-care diagnostics for use at the community level. This research should inform control programmes of the required performance and utility of rapid serology tests, which, when applied specifically for appropriate public health measures to then be put in place, can make a huge difference. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330992030517X doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30517-x id: cord-311207-qkkn0297 author: Pegoraro, Manuela title: Evaluation of three immunochromatographic tests in COVID-19 serologic diagnosis and their clinical usefulness date: 2020-10-20 words: 1664.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311207-qkkn0297.txt summary: Different assays demonstrate 41–45% of diagnostic sensitivities and 91–98% of specificities, with substantial agreement (89.3–91.2%), but a high percentage of weak positive results (13–22%) was observed with ICTs. ICTs performances were comparable to those of automated immunoassays. In COVID-19 confirmed cases (symptomatic patient with SARS-CoV-2 positive molecular detection), date of symptoms onset was used to timing infection at the moment of specimens'' collection. Three stages were identified: early (0-7 days from symptoms onset), intermediate (8China), COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech Co., Ltd Huzhou, Zhejiang, China), and PRIMA Professional (PRIMA Lab SA, Balerbna, Switzerland) are lateral flow immunochromatographic assays. Sensitivities were assessed on confirmed COVID-19 cases, combining IgG and IgM/IgA positive results, while specificities were estimated on the group of healthy volunteer''s. Compared with the automated immunoassays, the ability of ICTs to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was equivalent to that of CLIA-MAGLUMI and better than ELISA-Euroimmun, whose IgG positive rates ranged between 0 and 86% at 14 days after symptoms onset. abstract: Results of three rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) were compared with those obtained with two automated immunoassays for evaluation of their usefulness. One hundred fifty-nine patients and 67 healthy volunteers were included. Different assays demonstrate 41–45% of diagnostic sensitivities and 91–98% of specificities, with substantial agreement (89.3–91.2%), but a high percentage of weak positive results (13–22%) was observed with ICTs. ICTs performances were comparable to those of automated immunoassays. ICTs could have a role as screening approach due to their easy usability. Subjective interpretation, significant rate of uncertain results, uncertainty on viral antigens source are undoubtedly drawbacks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33078222/ doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-04040-1 id: cord-323923-5j8kowzv author: Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan title: Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-08 words: 1089.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323923-5j8kowzv.txt summary: title: Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19 This platform, freely accessible at https://covid.inato.com/analysis, centralizes available data about clinical studies from the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry platform (https://www.who. The platform is updated every day and displays studies in a user-friendly website, providing a live review of registered clinical studies and their main design features in real time. In addition, Anticovid provides interactive maps and charts summarizing the main data about the existing clinical studies, such as the drug(s) used, the countries involved and the cumulative number of patients per therapeutic class. The principal limitation of this platform is that data in clinical registries regarding study design, dose or duration of treatments being assessed, or primary outcomes, are often lacking-as has been described in a recent review. A brief review of antiviral drugs evaluated in registered clinical trials for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514563/ doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa223 id: cord-260559-n8i52e8q author: Peiris, Malik title: What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? date: 2020-09-21 words: 1355.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260559-n8i52e8q.txt summary: A popular assumption is that these vaccines will provide population immunity that can reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lead to a resumption of pre-COVID-19 "normalcy". The immunological correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 have yet to be elucidated. Pre-existing neutralising antibody seemed to have afforded protection against re-infection in people on board a fishing vessel where there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with a high infection attack rate. 20 Alongside the risks of severe morbidity and mortality and of disease transmission, this framework stipulates two additional criteria for equitable vaccine allocation-namely, risks of acquiring infection and of negative societal impact. If COVID-19 vaccines have acceptable effectiveness in reducing morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups, they would have an important role, irrespective of impact on transmission and population immunity. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31976-0 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31976-0 id: cord-257274-fzyamd7v author: Peiro-Garcia, Alejandro title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting paediatric orthopaedics practice: a preliminary report date: 2020-06-01 words: 3906.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257274-fzyamd7v.txt summary: CONCLUSION: According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. Census data from 14 March 2018 to 14 April 2020, including our paediatric orthopaedics outpatient clinic, paediatric trauma emergency department (ED) and paediatric orthopaedic and trauma surgical cases were reviewed to compare the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. In Figure 2 , *Univariate statistical analysis consisted of a student two-tailed t-test to compare the outcomes of mean number of consultations (including onsite and telemedicine), mean number of surgical procedures (including elective and urgent) and emergencies between 2018, 2019 and 2020 (including triage level). As the COVID-19 pandemic has interfered in our daily practice, we have found a decrease in the number of paediatric trauma patients admitted to our ED, the number of patients visiting onsite to our paediatric orthopaedic clinic and the number of elective cases compared with other years. abstract: PURPOSE: Since the state of alarm was decreed in Spain on 14 March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an extraordinary impact in paediatric hospitals. This study shows the effect of the pandemic on our practice in paediatric orthopaedics in a referral third level paediatric hospital. METHODS: We performed a single-centre retrospective review of the official census from a third level paediatric hospital from 14 March to 14 April for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: The patients seen in our clinic during this period in 2020 decreased in by 82% (p < 0.001) compared with 2018 and 2019, however, the number of telemedicine consultations increased by 90.21% (p < 0.001). The total number of patients attending the clinic (including onsite and virtual) was reduced by 54.25% (p < 0.001). The total surgeries performed plummeted by 81% in this period in 2020 (p < 0.001) due to a reduction in elective cases of 94.6% (p < 0.001). No significant decrease was found in the number of urgent surgical cases per day in 2020 (p = 0.34). Finally, the number of orthopaedic patients admitted to our emergency department dropped by 78.6% during the state of alarm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to our results, the pandemic has significantly affected our daily practice by decreasing elective surgeries and onsite clinics, but other activities have increased. As we have implemented telemedicine and new technologies to adapt to this setback, we should take advantage of the situation to change our practice in the future to better allocate our health resources and to anticipate outbreaks. Published without peer review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582381/ doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200099 id: cord-342096-pijvvo2i author: Peivandi, S. title: Evaluation of attitude among infertile couples about continuing assisted reproductive technologies therapy during novel coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-09-03 words: 3788.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342096-pijvvo2i.txt summary: Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Due to the fact that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual secretions, and through the pregnant mother to the child has not yet been confirmed, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some of these important aspects need to be considered: 1) Accurate identification Infertile women who are sensitive at this time; 2) effective personalization of stimulation based on maternal age and ovarian reserve; and 3) prevention of ART-related risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), complications associated with egg retrieval, and multiple pregnancies (28) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study, couples'' knowledge, and awareness of general information about COVID-19 such as common symptoms, prevention methods, and also about whether SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted vertically or sexually (0.00%), was evaluated well. abstract: Study question: Does the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduce the desire of infertile couples to continue treatment? Summary answer: Most of the participants in this study wanted to continue treatment. What is known already: The effect of the prevalence of infectious diseases including the Zika virus on the attitude of infertile couples has been studied in very few studies. However, the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 on the attitude of infertile couples has not been investigated. Study design, size, duration: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on forty-six infertile couples (n=92) who referred to our infertility clinic from 4 March 2020 through 20 June 2020. Participants/materials, settings, methods: This study is based on potential infertile couples for treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) who referred to our infertility clinic, Sari, Iran (median age of 35.5 years). All individuals with primary infertility, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and candidates for ART, were included in the study. People who did not agree to participate in the study were excluded. Subjects were surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire has four sections as follows: The first part included demographic information and clinical characteristics, the second part included medical records, the third part included questions related to assessing the level of awareness regarding coronavirus infection, and the fourth part included questions related to the attitude towards continuing infertility treatment. The validity of this questionnaire was assessed by three infertility specialists and was confirmed with Cronbachs alpha of 0.78. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Main results and the role of chance: There is no significant relationship between COVID-19 symptoms and the level of awareness (P-value <0.05). Thirty-two patients (33.33%) had decreased motivation to continue treatment during COVID-19 pandemic. Fear of transmission to the fetus (28.13%) had the highest frequency among the causes of decreased motivation to continue treatment (P-value = 0.011). Confidence in support of the treatment team (56.67%) was the most common reason for lack of motivation in people without decreased motivation (P-value <0.001). The majority of patients had a very high or high tendency (65.22%) to continue or start treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic (P-value <0.001). Most people had an average fear of getting the disease (39.13%) (value <0.001). Examining the relationship between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and attitude level variables showed that there is only a significant relationship between the greater desire to have a child and the continuation or initiation of treatment with the presence of COVID-19 symptoms (P-value = 0.032). Limitations, reasons for caution: We were not able to fully assess patients' deep feelings and cultural beliefs, due to the use of questionnaires and the lack of interviews. Wider implications of the findings: Our results showed for the first time that patients' knowledge about COVID-19 and trust in the treatment staff played an effective role in selecting and continuing infertility treatment. To clarify this issue, studies with the larger statistical community in the form of interviews are needed. Study funding/completing interest(s): The study received financial support from the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 7903). None of the funders had any role in the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, writing of the paper, or publication decisions. The authors have nothing to declare. Trial registration number: N/A url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.01.20186320 id: cord-332827-gll4nqdd author: Peixe, Paula title: Hepatology in the COVID Era: Another C Virus, again Challenging the Liver date: 2020-04-30 words: 3989.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332827-gll4nqdd.txt summary: In published series, liver disease was not identified as a risk factor for SARS-Cov2 infection [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] . The authors state that NAFLD patients also had a higher risk of progression to severe COVID-19 and present an increased viral clearance time. Immune-mediated liver diseases, particularly autoimmune hepatitis, have not been mentioned as risk factors for COVID-19, but the immunosuppressive treatment required has triggered fears about the risk of infection in patients. Extensive records and targeted studies are needed to explore multiple open-ended questions such as the severity and mortality of COVID-19 and episodes of acute-on-chronic or decompensation associated with the presence of this disease (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, digestive bleeding, kidney dysfunction, and the risk of infection) or the response to treatment [25, 26] . However, it is not yet possible to say whether transplantation-associated immunosuppression can alter the predisposition for the acquisition of SARS-Cov2 infection or how COVID-19 evolves in these patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775544/ doi: 10.1159/000508116 id: cord-276083-ds0f0ois author: Pelicioni, Paulo H.S. title: COVID-19 will severely impact older people''s lives, and in many more ways than you think! date: 2020-05-01 words: 1017.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276083-ds0f0ois.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) will severely impact older people''s lives. 1, 2 Environmental contamination has been identified as a route of transmission of COVID-19, 3 and for this reason, governments worldwide have been initiating quarantine measures that include keeping older people in ''''social isolation'''' to slow the transmission of the infection. 7 Social isolation has such negative impact, that it remains a strong risk factor for increased mortality in older people after adjusting for demographic and health factors. Lack of Vitamin D, depression, illness and associated polypharmacy, cognitive decline, loneliness, decline in physical activity levels, increased body mass, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13 all negative consequences of social isolation, can increase the risk of falls in older people. There is good evidence that home-based exercise programs can be conducted safely and can enhance quality of life and reduce the risk of falls in older people. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.005 id: cord-303053-238eegeu author: Pellegrini, Marianna title: Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the “Lockdown” Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency date: 2020-07-07 words: 3296.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303053-238eegeu.txt summary: In this observational retrospective study, the patients of our Obesity Unit were invited to answer to a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire relative to weight changes, working activity, exercise, dietary habits, and conditions potentially impacting on nutritional choices. Lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, consumption of snacks, unhealthy foods, cereals, and sweets were correlated with a significantly higher weight gain. A significantly higher weight and BMI increase was evident in individuals with lower education, who reported lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, and consumption of unhealthy foods, snacks, cereals, and sweets. Lower education level, self-reported anxiety/depression, and not consuming healthy foods were significantly associated with increased weight and BMI gain during the lockdown period. Lower education level, self-reported anxiety/depression, and not paying attention to the healthiness of food choices were significantly associated with weight and BMI increase. abstract: Our aim is evaluating the changes in weight and dietary habits in a sample of outpatients with obesity after 1 month of enforced lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy. In this observational retrospective study, the patients of our Obesity Unit were invited to answer to a 12-question multiple-choice questionnaire relative to weight changes, working activity, exercise, dietary habits, and conditions potentially impacting on nutritional choices. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations among weight/BMI changes and the analyzed variables. A total of 150 subjects (91.5%) completed the questionnaire. Mean self-reported weight gain was ≈1.5 kg (p < 0.001). Lower exercise, self-reported boredom/solitude, anxiety/depression, enhanced eating, consumption of snacks, unhealthy foods, cereals, and sweets were correlated with a significantly higher weight gain. Multiple regression analyses showed that increased education (inversely, β = −1.15; 95%CI −2.13, −0.17, p = 0.022), self-reported anxiety/depression (β = 1.61; 0.53, 2.69, p = 0.004), and not consuming healthy foods (β = 1.48; 0.19, 2.77, p = 0.026) were significantly associated with increased weight gain. The estimated direct effect of self-reported anxiety/depression on weight was 2.07 kg (1.07, 3.07, p < 0.001). Individuals with obesity significantly gained weight 1 month after the beginning of the quarantine. The adverse mental burden linked to the COVID-19 pandemic was greatly associated with increased weight gain. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072016 doi: 10.3390/nu12072016 id: cord-169484-mjtlhh5e author: Pellert, Max title: Dashboard of sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 4672.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-169484-mjtlhh5e.txt summary: To track online emotional expressions of the Austrian population close to real-time during the COVID-19 pandemic, we build a self-updating monitor of emotion dynamics using digital traces from three different data sources. The interactive dashboard showcasing our data is available online under http://www.mpellert.at/covid19_monitor_austria/. We gather these data in the form of text from platforms such as Twitter and news forums, where large groups of users discuss timely issues. To fill a gap, we build a dashboard with processed data from three different sources to track the sentiment in Austrian social media during COVID-19. In addition, measures that strongly affect people''s daily lives over a long period of time, as well as high level of uncertainty, likely contribute to the unprecedented changes of collective emotional expression in online social media. abstract: To track online emotional expressions of the Austrian population close to real-time during the COVID-19 pandemic, we build a self-updating monitor of emotion dynamics using digital traces from three different data sources. This enables decision makers and the interested public to assess issues such as the attitude towards counter-measures taken during the pandemic and the possible emergence of a (mental) health crisis early on. We use web scraping and API access to retrieve data from the news platform derstandard.at, Twitter and a chat platform for students. We document the technical details of our workflow in order to provide materials for other researchers interested in building a similar tool for different contexts. Automated text analysis allows us to highlight changes of language use during COVID-19 in comparison to a neutral baseline. We use special word clouds to visualize that overall difference. Longitudinally, our time series show spikes in anxiety that can be linked to several events and media reporting. Additionally, we find a marked decrease in anger. The changes last for remarkably long periods of time (up to 12 weeks). We discuss these and more patterns and connect them to the emergence of collective emotions. The interactive dashboard showcasing our data is available online under http://www.mpellert.at/covid19_monitor_austria/. Our work has attracted media attention and is part of an web archive of resources on COVID-19 collected by the Austrian National Library. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.11158v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-346512-y5d8q5b9 author: Pellicciaro, Marco title: Breast cancer patients with hormone neoadjuvant bridging therapy due to asymptomatic Corona virus infection. Case report, clinical and histopathologic findings date: 2020-10-08 words: 2050.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346512-y5d8q5b9.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer management during COVID-19 pandemic has changed and in case of COVID-19 patients with simultaneous neoplasia, it has been strongly recommended to treat Sars-CoV-2 infection firstly. According to COVID-19 breast cancer recommendations she underwent hormone neoadjuvant treatment as a bridging therapy for surgery. We report a case of woman with COVID-19 and simultaneous early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in lieu of upfront surgery and with lymph node micrometastases at pathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strongly and diffusely ER and PR positive in tumor cells: <95% and 40% respectively ( Figure 1B Before COVID-19 pandemic, patient such as this, with clinical stage T1N0, hormone receptors positive HER2-negative breast cancer, would have been a candidate for upfront surgery [11] . Therefore, the use of bridging therapy in patients with early breast cancer, during pandemic, that could benefit from upfront surgery should be evaluated in large sample studies. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer management during COVID-19 pandemic has changed and in case of COVID-19 patients with simultaneous neoplasia, it has been strongly recommended to treat Sars-CoV-2 infection firstly. Presentation of case: We reported a case of a 53-years-old women with early breast cancer and simultaneous asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to COVID-19 breast cancer recommendations she underwent hormone neoadjuvant treatment as a bridging therapy for surgery. Six months from the diagnosis, after virus eradication, patient underwent breast surgery. No SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found both in the surgical specimen and sentinel lymph node but micrometastasis were reported. During the last follow-up, the patient was in good clinical condition and started the adjuvant chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: COVID-19 outbreak determined the publication of temporary recommendation leading to an extensive use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Although endocrine therapy is a mainstay in the adjuvant treatment, its role in the neoadjuvant schedule is unclear. CONCLUSION: Upfront awake surgery should be preferred especially in asymptomatic COVID-19 patient with early breast cancer when monitoring of tumor response is not feasible. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.020 doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.020 id: cord-306016-2gudro8v author: Pelt, Christopher E. title: The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers date: 2020-04-21 words: 3753.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306016-2gudro8v.txt summary: In order to ensure and provide for adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity, personnel and personal protective equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high-volume of patients. In order to 6 ensure and provide for adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity, personnel 7 and personal protective equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower 8 limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced 9 In order to ensure and provide for 26 adequate health care resources, hospital capacity, personnel and personal protective 27 equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have 28 stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care 29 processes for a high-volume of patients. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread changes across all of healthcare. The impacts on the delivery of orthopaedic services has been challenged as a result. In order to ensure and provide for adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity, personnel and personal protective equipment (PPE), service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high-volume of patients. Herein, we summarize the similar approaches by two arthroplasty divisions in high volume academic referral centers in 1) the cessation of elective surgeries, 2) workforce restructuring, 3) phased delivery of outpatient and inpatient care, and 4) educational restructuring. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883540320303843 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.030 id: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7 author: Pemmada, Rakesh title: Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics date: 2020-09-11 words: 7770.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt summary: The worldwide, extraordinary outbreak of coronavirus pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) and other emerging viral expansions have drawn particular interest to the design and development of novel antiviral, and viricidal, agents, with a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity. Hence, it is highly desirable to search for potential antiviral and viricidal elements (materials and coatings) to design personal protective equipment (PPE), hygienic implements, and other devices to fight against the rise of viral pandemics and virus-associated fatal risks [22] . In addition, a large number of studies have reported coating materials containing metal ions (i.e., silver, copper, zinc), which have demonstrated an excellent antiviral ability with long-term, persistent effects [30] [31] [32] [33] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] . Various strategies involved in the development of antiviral and viricidal coatings, like modifying the surface of a substrate via antiviral polymers, incorporation of metal ions/oxides, and functional nanoparticles were discussed. abstract: The worldwide, extraordinary outbreak of coronavirus pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) and other emerging viral expansions have drawn particular interest to the design and development of novel antiviral, and viricidal, agents, with a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity. The current indispensable challenge lies in the development of universal virus repudiation systems that are reusable, and capable of inactivating pathogens, thus reducing risk of infection and transmission. In this review, science-based methods, mechanisms, and procedures, which are implemented in obtaining resultant antiviral coated substrates, used in the destruction of the strains of the different viruses, are reviewed. The constituent antiviral members are classified into a few broad groups, such as polymeric materials, metal ions/metal oxides, and functional nanomaterials, based on the type of materials used at the virus contamination sites. The action mode against enveloped viruses was depicted to vindicate the antiviral mechanism. We also disclose hypothesized strategies for development of a universal and reusable virus deactivation system against the emerging COVID-19. In the surge of the current, alarming scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infections, there is a great necessity for developing highly-innovative antiviral agents to work against the viruses. We hypothesize that some of the antiviral coatings discussed here could exert an inhibitive effect on COVID-19, indicated by the results that the coatings succeeded in obtaining against other enveloped viruses. Consequently, the coatings need to be tested and authenticated, to fabricate a wide range of coated antiviral products such as masks, gowns, surgical drapes, textiles, high-touch surfaces, and other personal protective equipment, aimed at extrication from the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184041 doi: 10.3390/ma13184041 id: cord-295029-zki5ac2g author: Pena, Robert C.F. title: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding “Coronavirus Neurosurgical/Head and Neck Drape to Prevent Aerosolization of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health Solution” date: 2020-11-03 words: 1647.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295029-zki5ac2g.txt summary: 1 This simple, cost-effective method can be easily assembled and is flexible with minimal disruption of the surgery being performed, while offering the ability to shield essential personnel in the operating room during procedures involving drilling of air-cells potentially harboring SARS-CoV-2 virions. 1,10 This draping method may therefore provide additional protection to surgeons against multiple viruses aerosolized by a wide range of drill settings, although further research should be conducted regarding COVID-19 aerosol generation in relation to drill speed in neurosurgical and otolaryngology-based procedures. Finally, whereas other researchers have proposed various methods of mask modification or alternate materials to provide barrier protection against COVID-19 aerosol transmission, 9 this and prior draping techniques may offer additional simple, easy to assemble, and cost-effective intraoperative protection. Specifically, this method provides protection to neurosurgical staff during high-speed drilling in the posterior fossa, whereas previously described drapes focus more on the restricted dissemination of COVID-19-laden aerosols during intubation, extubation, positive pressure ventilation, and endonasal endoscopic procedures. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020318854 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.116 id: cord-280970-gy0kfhy6 author: Peng, Fujun title: Management and Treatment of COVID-19: The Chinese Experience date: 2020-04-17 words: 2618.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280970-gy0kfhy6.txt summary: Since mid-December 2019, there has been a worldwide outbreak of COronaVIrus Disease 90 (COVID)-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (formerly 2019-nCoV or and first detected in 91 Wuhan, China. 52 However, 421 a single-center in Wuhan shared that early, low-dose and short-term (1-2mg/kg/d for 5-7 days) 422 corticosteroids was associated with a faster improvement of clinical symptoms and absorption of 423 focal lung lesions in severe cases of COVID-19. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. abstract: With over 1,800,000 cases and 110,000 deaths globally, COVID-19 is one of worst infectious disease outbreaks in history. The objective of this paper is to critically review the available evidence regarding the lessons learned from the Chinese experience regarding COVID-19 prevention and management. The steps that have led to a near disappearance of new cases in China included rapid sequencing of the virus to establish testing kits which allowed tracking of infected persons in and out of Wuhan. In addition, aggressive quarantine measures included the complete isolation of Wuhan and then later Hebei and the rest of the country, as well as closure of all schools and non-essential businesses. Other measures included the rapid construction of two new hospitals and the establishment of Fangcang shelter hospitals. In the absence of a vaccine, the management of COVID-19 included antivirals, high flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, interferons, intravenous immunoglobulin and convalescent plasma infusions. These measures appeared to provide only moderate success. While some measures have been supported by weak descriptive data, their effectiveness is still unclear pending well-controlled clinical trials. In the end, it was the enforcement of drastic quarantine measures that stopped SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. The earlier the implementation, the less likely resources will be depleted. The most critical factors in stopping a pandemic are early recognition of infected individuals, carriers and contacts, and early implementation of quarantine measures with an organized, proactive and unified strategy at a national level. Delays result in significantly higher death tolls. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.010 id: cord-264260-8p6pvjkn author: Peng, Hongbing title: A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report date: 2020-07-16 words: 3163.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264260-8p6pvjkn.txt summary: title: A synergistic role of convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients: a clinical case report We note that the intravenous infusion of CP and MSCs for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients may have synergistic characteristics in inhibiting cytokine storm, promoting the repair of lung injury, and recovering pulmonary function. We reviewed a case of severe COVID-19 cured successfully with convalescent plasma-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and observed and analyzed the change of clinical symptoms and laboratory data before and after treatment. From admission to discharge, the researchers continue to observe and evaluate patients'' dynamic changes in clinical symptoms and laboratory results, especially after receiving plasma and stem cell therapy. Intravenous infusion of human umbilical cord Wharton''s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which causes global public health emergencies, has sped widely for more than 5 months and has the risk of long-term transmission. No effective treatment has been discovered to date. In the cases we report, the patient continued to deteriorate even after administration of antiviral drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon-α, and ribavirin, as well as intravenous injection of meropenem, methylprednisolone, and immunoglobulin. So, we infused the patient with convalescent plasma (CP), and the absolute lymphocyte count increased the next day and returned to normal on the fourth day. Followed by intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bilateral infiltrates were absorbed and the pulmonary function was significantly improved. We note that the intravenous infusion of CP and MSCs for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients may have synergistic characteristics in inhibiting cytokine storm, promoting the repair of lung injury, and recovering pulmonary function. We hope to provide a reference for the research direction of COVID-19 clinical strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32678017/ doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01802-8 id: cord-297365-11es4w0u author: Peng, Hui title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: Characteristics, Antimicrobial Treatment, and Outcomes date: 2020-05-07 words: 1697.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297365-11es4w0u.txt summary: METHODS: We retrospectively summarized the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of pediatric cases in Wuhan children''s hospital which was the only designated hospital for children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. In December 2019, a cluster of cases caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei The observed cases were pediatric patients who were discharged from the Wuhan Children''s Hospital from December 8, 2019 to February 29, 2020 and diagnosed with COVID-19. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has analyzed the illness severity of 44415 adult and pediatric patients, and found that severe and critical cases accounted for nearly 20% [9] . A epidemiological study in Chinese children with COVID-19 (n=2143) showed that severe and critical illness accounted for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5.8% [10, 11] . Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread in many countries. We conducted this study to help paediatricians To help pediatricians understand the conditions of COVID-19 in children, we conducted this study. METHODS: We retrospectively summarized the characteristics, treatment and outcomes of pediatric cases in Wuhan children's hospital which was the only designated hospital for children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS: As of February 29, 75 children had been discharged, of which only one was has severe pneumonia and one was critical cases. Children younger than 2 years were more susceptible to COVID-19. All patients have received interferon-α nebulization, and eight cases including the severe and critical cases were co-administrated ribavirin. Five patients with mild pneumonia were given arbidol. Twenty-three patients were given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The average length of stay (LOS) and the time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance were 10.57 and 6.39 days, respectively. None of the factors was associated with LOS or time of SARS-CoV-2 clearance. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of COVID-19 in pediatric cases were milder than adults. The efficacy of the antiviral therapy in children with COVID-19 remains to be evaluated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446167/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104425 id: cord-294438-btuxeq7o author: Peng, Ling title: Managing patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-06-30 words: 1087.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294438-btuxeq7o.txt summary: Although there are specific issues, for example, the radiologic manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia are similar in some cases to pneumonitis caused by checkpoint inhibitors [2] , the main concern we have is that once infected, patients with cancer may be at higher risk for the more severe form of COVID-19 requiring intensive care treatment [1] . Intriguingly, patients with cancer co-infected with HIV-1 and hepatitis B do not have viral re-activation during chemotherapy [4] , suggesting here that treatment does not need to stop, although of course, data may be different for different viruses and symptoms of COVID-19 may not correlate with SARS-CoV-2 levels. It is notable to us that one of the best prospects for treating the virus modulates the host immune response and is useful too in treating manifestations of the rare cancer, multicentric Castleman''s disease, as well as its licenced rheumatoid arthritis indication [11] ; targeting the IL-6 pathway using tocilizumab has led to inclusion in China''s latest version of diagnosis and treatment guidelines on COVID-19 [12] . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0959804920301787 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.028 id: cord-296113-syi2fwuo author: Peng, Mian title: Two mechanically ventilated cases of COVID-19 successfully managed with a sequential ventilation weaning protocol: Two case reports date: 2020-08-06 words: 2618.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296113-syi2fwuo.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), are at high risk of mortality. When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV, each patient was advanced to MV [tidal volume (Vt), 6 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW); 8-10 cmH(2)O of positive end-expiratory pressure; respiratory rate, 20 breaths/min; and 40%-80% FiO(2)] with prone positioning for 12 h/day for the first 5 d of MV. CONCLUSION: A MV protocol attentive to intubation/extubation timing, prone positioning early in MV, infection control, and sequential withdrawal of respiratory support, may be an effective regimen for patients with critical COVID-19. In accordance with this recommendation, we summarize our weaning procedure and associated experience with two critical COVID-19 patients, including intubation timing, use of the prone position, infection control, and sedation titration. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), are at high risk of mortality. An effective and practical MV weaning protocol is needed for these fragile cases. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we present two critical COVID-19 patients who presented with fever, cough and fatigue. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed based on blood cell counts, chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, and nuclei acid test results. To address the patients’ respiratory failure, they first received noninvasive ventilation (NIV). When their condition did not improve after 2 h of NIV, each patient was advanced to MV [tidal volume (Vt), 6 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW); 8-10 cmH(2)O of positive end-expiratory pressure; respiratory rate, 20 breaths/min; and 40%-80% FiO(2)] with prone positioning for 12 h/day for the first 5 d of MV. Extensive infection control measures were conducted to minimize morbidity, and pharmacotherapy consisting of an antiviral, immune-enhancer, and thrombosis prophylactic was administered in both cases. Upon resolution of lung changes evidenced by CT, the patients were sequentially weaned using a weaning screening test, spontaneous breathing test, and airbag leak test. After withdrawal of MV, the patients were transitioned through NIV and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen support. Both patients recovered well. CONCLUSION: A MV protocol attentive to intubation/extubation timing, prone positioning early in MV, infection control, and sequential withdrawal of respiratory support, may be an effective regimen for patients with critical COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3305 doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3305 id: cord-347414-t88654wo author: Peng, Mian title: Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy date: 2020-08-06 words: 2750.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347414-t88654wo.txt summary: title: Successful management of seven cases of critical COVID-19 with early noninvasive-invasive sequential ventilation algorithm and bundle pharmacotherapy We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. Here, we report the successful management of seven critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who suffered acute respiratory failure. Good treatment outcomes can be achieved for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with early sequential noninvasive-invasive ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy, which comprises antiviral and anti-inflammation medicines, immune system support, and prophylaxis for vascular complications. abstract: We report the clinical and laboratory findings and successful management of seven patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The patients were diagnosed based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and nucleic acid testing. Upon diagnosis with COVID-19 of critical severity, the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, where they received early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation, early prone positioning, and bundle pharmacotherapy regimen, which consists of antiviral, anti-inflammation, immune-enhancing, and complication-prophylaxis medicines. The patients presented fever (n = 7, 100%), dry cough (n = 3, 42.9%), weakness (n = 2, 28.6%), chest tightness (n = 1, 14.3%), and/or muscle pain (n = 1, 14.3%). All patients had normal or lower than normal white blood cell count/lymphocyte count, and chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs. Nucleic acid testing confirmed COVID-19 in all seven patients. The median MV duration and intensive care unit stay were 9.9 days (interquartile range, 6.5–14.6 days; range, 5–17 days) and 12.9 days (interquartile range, 9.7–17.6 days; range, 7–19 days), respectively. All seven patients were extubated, weaned off MV, transferred to the common ward, and discharged as of the writing of this report. Thus, we concluded that good outcomes for patients with critical COVID-19 can be achieved with early noninvasive–invasive sequential ventilation and bundle pharmacotherapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761492/ doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0796-3 id: cord-286573-k4khwvt7 author: Peng, Michael title: The Role of the Ocular Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-10-02 words: 4362.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286573-k4khwvt7.txt summary: Here, we reviewed both clinical and research evidence on the ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface tissues and tears, and the potential role of the eye in contracting SARS-CoV-2. For this review, relevant studies that emphasized ocular manifestations of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, viral detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface secretions or tears, and ACE2 presence in ocular tissues were included. 29 Zhang et al also reported that one of the two COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis was SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive in the tear sample. Similarly, in a cross sectional study of 33 COVID-19 patients, most of the ocular samples were collected more than 7 days of symptom onset, and Xie et al found only 2 cases with positive ocular SARS-CoV-2 RNA results. 44 Recent studies have attempted to determine ACE2 in ocular surface tissues, such as the conjunctiva and cornea, which are exposed to the external environment and are potential entry points for SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 21 million people and caused over half a million deaths within a few months. COVID-19 has become one of the most severe public health crises in recent years. Compared to other pathogenic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly infectious. Due to the lack of specific and effective treatment or vaccines, disease prevention and early detection are essential for establishing guidelines to mitigate further spread. The potential role of the ocular system in COVID-19 is still not clear but it has gained increasing attention. Here, we reviewed both clinical and research evidence on the ocular manifestations associated with COVID-19, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular surface tissues and tears, and the potential role of the eye in contracting SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061288/ doi: 10.2147/opth.s269868 id: cord-255381-mnmliv4e author: Peng, Min title: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-02 words: 3392.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255381-mnmliv4e.txt summary: Therefore, this study aim to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in the general population quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen. For example, a study in Toronto reported that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among quarantined individuals during SARS was 31.2% (Hawryluck et al., 2004) , and their sample was a mixture of the general public and medical staff (Hull, 2005) . For example, a study in Taiwan reported that after SARS control, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the general population was 3.7%，with mixed samples including subjects with or without quarantine experience (Ko, Yen, Yen, & Yang, 2006) . Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in quarantined general population in Shenzhen, China; and 2) the association between depressive symptom and demographic or clinical characteristics. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has brought tremendous psychological pressure to the general population, which may lead to depression. Therefore, this study aim to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in the general population quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen. METHODS: 2237 quarantined general individuals participated in this cross-sectional study from February 14 to March 4, 2020, during their 14 days quarantine. They completed the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) for anxiety, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptom was 6.21% in quarantined individuals. The depressed group were younger, less married and educated, and had higher SAS, PSQI, IES-R total scores (all p<0.05), as well as more avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms than the non-depressed group. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between SDS score and the following parameters: age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total and its three subscale scores (Bonferroni corrected all p<0.05). Further multiple regression indicated that age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total score, Avoidance and Hyperarousal factor were independent predictors of depressive symptom. LIMITATIONS: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an elevated prevalence of depressive symptom in quarantined general individuals in Shenzhen. Some demographic and clinical variables were associated with depressive symptoms. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165032720323934 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.035 id: cord-272909-n6wfe1of author: Peng, Shu title: Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis date: 2020-04-10 words: 3679.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272909-n6wfe1of.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the clinical course and difficulties in early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients after thoracic surgery. This study describes the clinical course of 11 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for malignancy in the early phase of the pandemic before the formal declaration of outbreak and were consequently diagnosed with COVID-19. Delay in diagnosis means COVID-19 was not initially suspected due to insidious onset of symptoms that mimicked the usual postoperative course, or due to the first computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest after surgery being interpreted as postoperative changes rather than as being suspicious for viral pneumonia. COVID-19 ¼ coronavirus disease 2019 CT ¼ computed tomography GGO ¼ ground-glass opacity rt-PCR ¼ real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction Sars-Cov-2 ¼ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on, 13 developed postoperative fever and were considered putative cases of COVID-19, of whom 11 had COVID-19 confirmed by rt-PCR and were included in this case series. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the clinical course and difficulties in early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients after thoracic surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical course of the first 11 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after thoracic surgery in early January 2020. Postoperative clinical, laboratory, and radiologic records and the time line of clinical course were summarized. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 11 confirmed cases (3 female, 8 male), median days from symptom onset to case detection was 8. Insidious symptom onset and misinterpreted postoperative changes on chest computed tomography (CT) resulted in delay in diagnosis. There were 3 fatalities due to respiratory failure, whereas 4 severe and 4 mild cases recovered and were discharged. All patients had once experienced leukocytosis and eosinopenia. Remittent fever and resected lung segments ≥5 were associated with fatality. CONCLUSIONS: The case fatality rate of postsurgical patients subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 was 27.3%. Insidious symptom onset, postoperative leukocytosis with lymphopenia, and postsurgical CT changes overshadowed the early signs of viral pneumonia. Dynamic symptom monitoring, serial chest CTs, and tests for viral RNA and serum antibody improve the chance for prompt detection of COVID-19. Consideration should be given to preadmission and preoperative screening and strict contact isolation during the postoperative period. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.005 id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 12067.0 sentences: 627.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt summary: Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: Intense effort is underway to evaluate potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID‐19. In order to respond quickly to the crisis, the repurposing of existing drugs is the primary pharmacological strategy. Despite the urgent clinical need for these therapies, it is imperative to consider potential safety issues. This is important due to the harm‐benefit ratios that may be encountered when treating COVID‐19, which can depend on the stage of the disease, when therapy is administered and underlying clinical factors in individual patients. Treatments are currently being trialled for a range of scenarios from prophylaxis (where benefit must greatly exceed risk) to severe life‐threatening disease (where a degree of potential risk may be tolerated if it is exceeded by the potential benefit). In this perspective, we have reviewed some of the most widely‐researched repurposed agents in order to identify potential safety considerations using existing information in the context of COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681537/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15204 id: cord-252661-wa0hdg1u author: Pennington, Zach title: Letter: Changes to neurosurgery resident education following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-22 words: 4245.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252661-wa0hdg1u.txt summary: Here we surveyed program directors 6 (PDs) to ascertain how they have altered the education and clinical care responsibilities of 7 residents in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuing education in spite of decreased case 21 volume and maintaining resident morale are cited as the most common concerns of PDs. 22 23 Conclusion 24 Here we find that there is great homogeneity in the responses of neurosurgical residency 25 programs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuing education in spite of decreased case 21 volume and maintaining resident morale are cited as the most common concerns of PDs. 22 23 Conclusion 24 Here we find that there is great homogeneity in the responses of neurosurgical residency 25 programs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present the results of a survey of PDs for ACGME-accredited neurosurgery residency 126 programs regarding their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the postponement of a large proportion of neurosurgical cases with an accordant radical change in resident experiences. As residents rely upon operative exposure and in-person didactic lectures for education, the disruptions caused by the pandemic have forced programs to revise how they educate residents. Here we surveyed program directors (PDs) to ascertain how they have altered the education and clinical care responsibilities of residents in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Surveys were sent to the PDs of all ACGME-accredited neurosurgery programs. Survey questions targeted changes in resident staffing and coverage, changes in didactic material delivery, and changes in resident wellness initiatives. PD concerns were also elicited. Results Of the 116 program PDs invited, 57 responded (49.1%). We found that most programs have reduced resident work weeks (65%) and in-hospital resident shift census (95%). Few have redeployed residents and most are increasingly relying on teleconferencing solutions for meetings and resident education. Most commonly programs are using faculty- (91%) or resident-led (65%) lectures, though nearly 75% are supplementing resident education with materials from the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS). Continuing education in spite of decreased case volume and maintaining resident morale are cited as the most common concerns of PDs. Conclusion Here we find that there is great homogeneity in the responses of neurosurgical residency programs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Programs are increasingly incorporating teleconferencing platforms and third-party education materials, most commonly materials from the CNS. Additionally, most respondents indicated that their program has not redeployed residents in the care of COVID-19 positive patients. The results of the present study may assist program directors in developing a uniform resident curriculum and consider wellness initiatives during this time of crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.139 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.139 id: cord-311847-2czqs84q author: Pennisi, Manuela title: SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms date: 2020-07-31 words: 9002.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311847-2czqs84q.txt summary: Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). Although there are limitations in the epidemiological studies carried on COVID-19, as well as limited case records for determining the actual incidence of these complications, some patients reported neurological symptoms, but clinical findings and pathogenic features have not yet systematically addressed. The aims of this review are i) to summarize the available information on the relationship between CoVs and the nervous system, ii) to identify the potential targets and routes of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the nervous system, and iii) to describe the range of the neurological features reported to date in patients with COVID-19 and the proposed pathogenic mechanisms. Indeed, no axonal transport of SARS-CoV-2 to the brain has been demonstrated in the hamster model during the first two weeks after infection [89] , and no viral accumulation or persistence has been reported in cerebral olfactory regions of autopsy material from patients with COVID-19 [90] . abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, findings available on its neurological manifestations and their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been systematically addressed. A literature search on neurological complications reported in patients with COVID-19 until June 2020 produced a total of 23 studies. Overall, these papers report that patients may exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures, cerebrovascular events, acute polyneuropathy, headache, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, as well as some non-specific symptoms. Whether these features can be an indirect and unspecific consequence of the pulmonary disease or a generalized inflammatory state on the CNS remains to be determined; also, they may rather reflect direct SARS-CoV-2-related neuronal damage. Hematogenous versus transsynaptic propagation, the role of the angiotensin II converting enzyme receptor-2, the spread across the blood-brain barrier, the impact of the hyperimmune response (the so-called “cytokine storm”), and the possibility of virus persistence within some CNS resident cells are still debated. The different levels and severity of neurotropism and neurovirulence in patients with COVID-19 might be explained by a combination of viral and host factors and by their interaction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751841/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21155475 id: cord-354306-zbkgabl2 author: Pennycook, Gordon title: Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention date: 2020-06-30 words: 5988.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354306-zbkgabl2.txt summary: In Study 1, participants were far worse at discerning between true and false content when deciding what they would share on social media relative to when they were asked directly about accuracy. According to this account, people generally wish to avoid spreading misinformation and, in fact, are often able to tell truth from falsehood; however, they nonetheless share false and misleading content because the social media context focuses their attention on factors other than accuracy (e.g., partisan alignment). In support of this inattention-based account, recent findings showed that most participants were surprisingly good at discerning between true and false political news when asked to assess "the accuracy of headlines"-yet headline veracity had very little impact on participants'' willingness to share the headlines on social media. Study 1 tested for a dissociation between accuracy judgments and sharing intentions when participants evaluated a set of true and false news headlines about COVID-19. abstract: Across two studies with more than 1,700 U.S. adults recruited online, we present evidence that people share false claims about COVID-19 partly because they simply fail to think sufficiently about whether or not the content is accurate when deciding what to share. In Study 1, participants were far worse at discerning between true and false content when deciding what they would share on social media relative to when they were asked directly about accuracy. Furthermore, greater cognitive reflection and science knowledge were associated with stronger discernment. In Study 2, we found that a simple accuracy reminder at the beginning of the study (i.e., judging the accuracy of a non-COVID-19-related headline) nearly tripled the level of truth discernment in participants’ subsequent sharing intentions. Our results, which mirror those found previously for political fake news, suggest that nudging people to think about accuracy is a simple way to improve choices about what to share on social media. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620939054 doi: 10.1177/0956797620939054 id: cord-351430-bpv7p7zo author: Pequeno, Pedro title: Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-06-03 words: 4780.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351430-bpv7p7zo.txt summary: Further, we considered the following predictors: (1) time in days, to account for the exponential growth in case numbers during this period (Fig. 2) ; (2) number of arriving flights in the city''s metropolitan area in 2020, as airline connections can facilitate the spread of the virus (Ribeiro et al., 2020) ; (3) city population density, to account for facilitation of transmission under higher densities (Poole, 2020) ; (4) proportion of elderly people (≥60 years old) in the population, assuming that the elderly may be more likely to show severe symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and, thus, to be diagnosed with COVID-19; (5) citizen mean income, which may affect the likelihood of people being infected by the virus, for example, due to limited access to basic sanitation or limited social isolation capabilities; (6) and the following meteorological variables: mean daily temperature ( C), mean daily solar radiation (kJ/m 2 ), mean daily relative humidity (%) and mean daily precipitation (mm). abstract: There is evidence that COVID-19, the disease caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is sensitive to environmental conditions. However, such conditions often correlate with demographic and socioeconomic factors at larger spatial extents, which could confound this inference. We evaluated the effect of meteorological conditions (temperature, solar radiation, air humidity and precipitation) on 292 daily records of cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases across the 27 Brazilian capital cities during the 1st month of the outbreak, while controlling for an indicator of the number of tests, the number of arriving flights, population density, proportion of elderly people and average income. Apart from increasing with time, the number of confirmed cases was mainly related to the number of arriving flights and population density, increasing with both factors. However, after accounting for these effects, the disease was shown to be temperature sensitive: there were more cases in colder cities and days, and cases accumulated faster at lower temperatures. Our best estimate indicates that a 1 °C increase in temperature has been associated with a decrease in confirmed cases of 8%. The quality of the data and unknowns limit the analysis, but the study reveals an urgent need to understand more about the environmental sensitivity of the disease to predict demands on health services in different regions and seasons. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9322 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9322 id: cord-270021-8obqdbh9 author: Percy, Edward title: Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare? date: 2020-04-09 words: 1917.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270021-8obqdbh9.txt summary: This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary: As COVID-19 case numbers continue to increase worldwide, many additional patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will benefit from cardiac rehabilitation and post-discharge care following acute care hospitalization. We describe the current status of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Canada and provide suggestions on steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to optimize post-discharge cardiac care in the COVID-19 era. 3 As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, it is plausible that there will be a massive surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid CVD who will require cardiac rehabilitation after acute care hospitalization. abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed intense pressure on healthcare organizations around the world. Amongst others, there has been an increasing recognition of common and deleterious cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 based on preliminary studies. Furthermore, patients with pre-existing cardiac disease are likely to experience a more severe disease course with COVID-19. As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, a surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will translate into more frequent, and in some cases, prolonged rehabilitation needs following acute hospitalization. This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299750/ doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.006 id: cord-337677-ktktqs7b author: Pereda, R. title: Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery date: 2020-08-04 words: 3397.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt summary: Patients received therapy as per the Cuban COVID protocol that included a combination of oral antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine) with intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of IFN alpha-2b The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients discharged from hospital, secondary was the case fatality rate and several outcomes related to time variables were also evaluated. Two groups of individuals were admitted to the hospital, according to the case classification criteria defined in the Cuban protocol: 1) people with suspected COVID-19 due to clinical respiratory symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, cough, headache, shortness of breath and nasal discharge in the last 14 days; 2) subjects who had contact with a patient with confirmed or is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background Effective antiviral treatments are required to contain the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A previous report in 814 patients COVID-19 positive in Cuba provided preliminary therapeutic efficacy evidence with interferon alpha-2b (IFN alpha-2b) from March 11 to April 14, 2020. This study, re-evaluates the contribution of IFN-2b on the evolution of all patients, after 98 days of the epidemic, in a period from March 11 to June 17, 2020. Method A prospective observational study was implemented to monitor a therapeutic intervention with IFN alpha-2b used in the national protocol for COVID-19 attending in Cuba. Were included patients with positive throat swab specimens by real time RT-PCR who gave informed consent and had no contraindications for IFN treatment. Patients received therapy as per the Cuban COVID protocol that included a combination of oral antivirals (lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine) with intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of IFN alpha-2b The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients discharged from hospital, secondary was the case fatality rate and several outcomes related to time variables were also evaluated. Results From March 11th until June 17th, 2295 patients had been confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive in Cuba, 2165 were treated with Heberon Alpha R and 130 received the approved protocol without IFN. The proportion of fully recovered patients was higher in the IFN-treated compared with non-IFN treated group. Prior IFN treatment decreases the likelihood of intensive care and increases the survival after severe or critical diseases. The benefits of IFN were significantly supported by time variables analyzed. Conclusions This second report confirm the preliminary evidences from first for the therapeutic effectiveness of IFN alpha-2b for SARS-Cov-2 infection and postulated that Heberon Alpha R is the main component within the antiviral triad used as a therapeutic intervention in the Cuban protocol COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.20157974 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.28.20157974 id: cord-301833-q8jiep32 author: Peres, Karina Colombera title: Body Mass Index and Prognosis of COVID-19 Infection. A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-14 words: 3691.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301833-q8jiep32.txt summary: Nine studies (two prospective cohorts, four retrospective cohorts and three cross-sectional) were included and assessed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 prognosis. Most of the included studies showed some degree of association to: (a) higher BMI and worse clinical presentation and (b) obesity and need of hospitalization. Based on limited methodological quality studies, obesity seems to predict poor clinical evolution in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we perform a systematic review in order to evaluate if overweight and obesity may predict poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. We reviewed data from 17,568 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, included in nine studies. Most of these studies highlighted some level of association between obesity and disease severity, encompassing hospitalization rate, admission to ICU, invasive ventilation need and mortality. Once younger patients generally do not represent higher risk for a severe presentation of COVID-19, authors suggest that obesity may be an unrecognized risk factor for hospital care. abstract: A better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus behavior and possible risk factors implicated in poor outcome has become an urgent need. We performed a systematic review in order to investigate a possible association between body weight and prognosis among patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We searched in Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, WHO-Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease, OpenGrey, and Medrxiv. We used the ROBINS-I tool or Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study Quality tool from AHRQ, to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Nine studies (two prospective cohorts, four retrospective cohorts and three cross-sectional) were included and assessed the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 prognosis. Risk of bias of the included studies ranged from moderate to critical. Clinical and methodological heterogeneity among them precluded meta-analyses. Most of the included studies showed some degree of association to: (a) higher BMI and worse clinical presentation and (b) obesity and need of hospitalization. The results were inconsistent about the impact of obesity on mortality. Based on limited methodological quality studies, obesity seems to predict poor clinical evolution in patients with COVID-19. Further studies with appropriate prospective design are needed to reduce the uncertainty on this evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00562 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00562 id: cord-311819-iy8r1iml author: Peretti-Watel, Patrick title: Anxiety, depression and sleep problems: a second wave of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 words: 2027.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311819-iy8r1iml.txt summary: Nonetheless, before this crisis began, several experts had warned about the potential impact of such measures on the populations'' mental health, based on previous experiences of quarantine, as summarised in a review published, as this pandemic reached Europe and before any lockdowns. Multivariate logistic models analysed the associations of the four mental health outcomes (moderate to severe depressive symptoms, severe anxiety, sleep problems and reported need for psychological support from a health professional) with sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to both the virus and the media. The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms reached 8.8%, and the prevalence of severe anxiety was 8.7%; 68.1% of respondents complained of sleep problems during the past week (few or a lot), and 12.2% reported the need for psychological support from a health professional during the lockdown. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083692/ doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100299 id: cord-309711-x07odyxl author: Pereyra, David title: Routine haematological parameters in COVID-19 prognosis date: 2020-09-22 words: 625.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309711-x07odyxl.txt summary: Although we agree with the clinical relevance, we want to point out that the ability of haematological indicators to predict disease severity and patient outcome seems to vary between cohorts. We analysed data from 210 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (inclusion criteria: admission to hospital, positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]; aged ≥18 years, not pregnant or breastfeeding) with available data on outcome (ie, discharge or mortality) who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Austria between March 3 and June 13, 2020. Outcome-specific differences in lymphocyte counts (p=0·44) and eosinophil counts (p=0·14) observed at admission also did not predict mortality of COVID-19, suggesting that these routine parameters might not show which patients are at risk for complications associated with COVID-19. The authors evaluated haematological characteristics and risk factors for classification of disease severity and outcome prediction for patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30286-6 doi: 10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30286-6 id: cord-318483-il5aq8py author: Perez Gaxiola, G. title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series in Sinaloa date: 2020-07-11 words: 1758.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318483-il5aq8py.txt summary: Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic, and of children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital. Although the prevalence of COVID-19 in childhood represents a low percentage of the totality of reported cases, varying between 0.8% and 2.7% (9) (10) (11) , the number of children that may become affected and the different clinical presentation of the disease compared to the adult population (4, 12) may be a challenge for pediatricians and general practitioners. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic in the region, and of a subset of those children admitted with COVID-19 to Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital (Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa "Dr. Rigoberto Aguilar Pico", HPS). This case series describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first three months of the pandemic in the state of Sinaloa. abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus may affect both adults and children. Although the disease, named COVID-19, has a lower prevalence in infancy and has been described as mild, the clinical characteristics may vary and there is a possibility of complications. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric cases confirmed in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first three months of the pandemic, and of children admitted with COVID-19 to a secondary hospital. Methods: This case series includes all patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR testing, identified in the state epidemiological surveillance system between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Confirmed patients admitted to the Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital (HPS) during the same dates are also described. Results: Fifty one children with SARS-CoV-2 were included, 10 of the admitted to HPS. The median age was 10 years. The more frequent symptoms were fever (78%), cough (67%) and headache (57%). Most cases were mild or asymptomatic. Three patients with comorbidities died. Only 4 of 10 patients identified in HPS had been admitted with the diagnosis of possible COVID-19. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was mostly mild or asymptomatic, but with a wide range of clinical presentations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20146332 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20146332 id: cord-301216-a0rkpez7 author: Perez, Adriana title: Presentation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection As Cholestatic Jaundice in Two Healthy Adolescents date: 2020-07-23 words: 1667.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301216-a0rkpez7.txt summary: Liver abnormalities in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including hepatitis and cholestasis, have been observed in adults and is associated with worse outcomes. As of June 25, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in >9.4 million confirmed cases worldwide and > 482,000 deaths worldwide, including > 2.3 million cases and > 121,000 deaths reported in the US, among which were 84 pediatric deaths in persons < 24 years of age by June 13 2020. The incidence of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19 has been ranges from 14.8% -53%(, being more significant in severe cases and ranging up to 78% among fatal cases.(10) Liver abnormalities described included elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), mildly elevated bilirubin levels, high gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and low albumin levels (2.6-3.3 g/L) (10, 11) . We present two cases of acute hepatitis with clinically apparent jaundice and cholestasis without biliary obstruction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.054 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.054 id: cord-325391-tgli4k5i author: Perez, Tamra title: Conducting clinical research in the era of Covid-19 date: 2020-06-10 words: 1357.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325391-tgli4k5i.txt summary: Even now, investigators, industry sponsors, and institutional review boards/ethical committees (IRB/EC) struggle to maintain the safety of trial participants and researchers, while promoting the continuity of ongoing clinical studies. 6 The FDA, investigators, industry sponsors, and IRBs/ECs, among others, were required to act quickly to assess the status of ongoing studies and restructure research processes accordingly. 2 Industry sponsors are just now becoming aware that in order for research sites to begin to reopen their sites, COVID-19 testing may become a requirement for subjects as they are seen inperson for clinical visits as well as protocol-specified procedures. • Industry sponsors should be in contact with each investigative site to provide guidance on safety procedures to be continued such as labs or other vital status measurements. • In accordance with research informed consent requirements, investigators should maintain contact with trial subjects and keep them informed of protocol changes that could affect their participation (new information). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.011 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.011 id: cord-299237-pdkxqf3h author: Pericàs, Juan M title: Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-30 words: 857.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299237-pdkxqf3h.txt summary: Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID‐19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open‐access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID‐19, among others. All rights reserved Dear Editor, COVID-19 has created the necessity to rapidly generate evidence to enlighten many blind spots encompassing the pandemic, from pathophysiology to management. Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID-19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open-access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID-19, among others. In the context of a rapidly spreading pandemic with dismal consequences, large amounts of observational studies were carried out in a very short period and this evidence was synthetized into reviews providing pathophysiological insight and guidance for diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Scholars and journal editors are called on to make a joint effort to transition to a highquality research-reporting period regarding COVID-19 at the global level. abstract: COVID‐19 has created the necessity to rapidly generate evidence to enlighten many blind spots encompassing the pandemic, from pathophysiology to management. Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID‐19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open‐access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID‐19, among others. However, the impact of all these measures on the overall quality and adequacy of research are largely unknown and several authors have shown concern in this regard. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13293 doi: 10.1111/eci.13293 id: cord-263191-osa3ylkl author: Pericàs, Juan M. title: Hospital at home for the management of COVID-19: preliminary experience with 63 patients date: 2020-09-29 words: 1729.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263191-osa3ylkl.txt summary: We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 transferred from the hospital to a HaH unit during the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in Barcelona, Spain. (1) Caregiver available 24 h at the patients'' home; (2) home conditions allowing patient isolation from cohabitants; (3) early discharge from hospital ward: more than 6 days since the start of symptoms; no fever in the last 24 h; respiratory rate < 22 rpm and oxygen saturation > 95% with F i O2 < 0.35; C Reactive protein < 5 mg/dl or descending, normal LDH or descending, lymphocytes > 800 cells/mm 3 or ascending; no radiological progression of pneumonia; (4) admission from Emergency room: bilateral pneumonia in patient without high-risk factors (> 65 years old, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and immunosuppression); respiratory infection without pneumonia, or unilobar pneumonia in patients with risk factors. abstract: Alternatives to conventional hospitalization are needed to increase health systems resilience in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of 63 patients admitted to a single HaH during the peak of COVID-19 in Barcelona. Our results suggest that HaH seems to be a safe and efficacious alternative to conventional hospitalization for accurately selected patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01527-z doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01527-z id: cord-355830-kctpftm9 author: Perisetti, Abhilash title: Putative Mechanisms of diarrhea in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-12 words: 635.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355830-kctpftm9.txt summary: The presence of viral RNA in stools samples has been noted in up to 53.4% of cases of diarrhea in COVID-19, but it is unclear if the presence of RNA correlates with diarrheal symptoms 1 . If the diarrhea is due to the direct cytopathic effects, then stool viral RNA is expected to be positive in significantly higher numbers in COVID-19 as compared to non-cytopathic causes. However, fecal calprotectin is elevated in COVID-19 patients with persistent diarrhea, which is consistent with increased gut inflammation. The COVID-19 patients are known to have altered gut flora 4 , which could be due to the use of antimicrobials, concomitant infections, and the severe illness itself. The composition of gut flora could also be altered by an increase in proinflammatory mediators because of viral-induced inflammation. It is unclear if the factors mentioned above play a role alone or in combination in causing diarrhea in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.008 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.008 id: cord-310895-zkzew0kb author: Periyakaruppan, Muthiah title: COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as ‘Acute Abdomen’ in a Child date: 2020-09-23 words: 549.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310895-zkzew0kb.txt summary: title: COVID Abdomen: SARS-CoV-2 Infection Presenting as ''Acute Abdomen'' in a Child To the Editor: Despite lesser incidence and disease severity of COVID-19 in children, growing evidence suggests huge heterogeneity in clinical presentation [1] . [4] reported the importance of chest CT evaluation in addition to abdominal CT in patients presenting as acute abdomen to identify basal pneumonia to ignite a suspicion of COVID-19, not as a primary acute abdomen presentation. Our index case was a pure abdominal presentation at the onset masquerading as surgical abdomen, persisted through the second week and progressed to shock without any respiratory symptoms. Recent observations all over the world suggest that it can very well be a presentation of ''acute COVID Inflammation'' [5] . Covid-19: concerns grow over inflammatory syndrome emerging in children Children with Covid-19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy Role of chest CT in patients with acute abdomen during the COVID-19 era abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32964367/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03508-4 id: cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author: Perkins, Alex title: Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-23 words: 6951.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt summary: To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. Strategies for successfully controlling COVID-19 until then will depend on a suite of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) [3] , including some degree of social distancing but also diagnostic testing, contact tracing, and case isolation [5] . Because they are similar to the components of the objective functional but more easily interpretable, we describe effects of model parameters on t1 t0 D(t)dt (cumulative deaths) and t1 t0 u(t)dt (cumulative time under control). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced societies across the world to resort to social distancing to slow the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Due to the economic impacts of social distancing, there is growing desire to relax these measures. To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Given that the pandemic is already underway and controls have already been initiated, we calibrated our model to data from the US and focused our analysis on optimal controls from May 2020 through December 2021. We found that a major factor that differentiates strategies that prioritize lives saved versus reduced time under control is how quickly control is relaxed once social distancing restrictions expire in May 2020. Strategies that maintain control at a high level until summer 2020 allow for tapering of control thereafter and minimal deaths, whereas strategies that relax control in the short term lead to fewer options for control later and a higher likelihood of exceeding hospital capacity. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. In light of those uncertainties, our results do not constitute a quantitative forecast and instead provide a qualitative portrayal of possible outcomes from alternative approaches to control. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20076018v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076018 id: cord-301473-k9257jaa author: Pernitez-Agan, S. title: Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 in the Context of Migration Health: A Study Protocol date: 2020-07-11 words: 3403.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301473-k9257jaa.txt summary: Expected study findings aim to provide valuable information to support evidence mapping on COVID-19 and migration health, particularly the identification of important research gaps. Methods and analysis: Using Elseviers Scopus abstract and citation database, a comprehensive search strategy will be applied to map scientific publications on COVID-19 and migration health. A deep dive on dominant research themes or migrant health-related topics will be done by creating visualization network maps of keywords from the retrieved publications. In this paper, we present the protocol for a bibliometric study that aims to identify and analyze research publications on COVID-19 focusing on migration, migrants and human mobility; specifically mapping research productivity on COVID-19 in the context of migration health by author, country, institution/ organization, health theme, and migrant topic (i.e. migrant type and country coverage). Scopus, a citation and abstract database of peer-reviewed literature developed by Elsevier, will be used to retrieve publications on COVID-19 and migration health. abstract: Introduction: Human mobility has been pivotal to the spread of COVID-19 through travel and migration.To mitigate the spread, most countries have imposed strict travel restrictions that have severely affected both the wellbeing and livelihoods of many migrant and mobile populations (both internally and internationally), particularly those from impoverished communities, those affected by humanitarian crises, including populations displaced and/or living in camps and camp-like settings. The need to include migrants (both regular and irregular or undocumented) in national strategic response plans for disease prevention and control has been increasingly recognized. Better understanding of the existing scientific evidence in migration health is crucial in designing effective response measures. In this paper, we present a protocol for a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on COVID-19 and migration health. Expected study findings aim to provide valuable information to support evidence mapping on COVID-19 and migration health, particularly the identification of important research gaps. Methods and analysis: Using Elseviers Scopus abstract and citation database, a comprehensive search strategy will be applied to map scientific publications on COVID-19 and migration health. The current analysis will focus on research published from 1 January 2020 to 4 May 2020. The search query on migration health will largely focus on migration, migrant and human mobility-related terms. Three reviewers will screen publications for eligibility. The extracted bibliographic information will be analysed to determine the dominant research themes, country coverage and migrant groups. Collaboration networks will be analysed using VosViewer, a network analysis software. A deep dive on dominant research themes or migrant health-related topics will be done by creating visualization network maps of keywords from the retrieved publications. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.09.20149401v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.09.20149401 id: cord-273114-eanwxkvt author: Perrone, Serafina title: Report of a series of healthy term newborns from convalescent mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 1666.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273114-eanwxkvt.txt summary: A further case series described 7 women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), all of whom required oxygen therapy and received Caesarean section at term; only 3 neonates were tested, of whom one was positive. Here we report a series of cases of healthy term newborns whose mother developed COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy and were convalescent with negative test at the time of delivery. Moreover, birth date, mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight (g), anthropometric data, Apgar score 1''-5'', amniotic fluid, mother-child contact, clinical signs or symptoms and swab results was collected by newborns. Her husband suffered from COVID-19 infection and RT-PCR assay on her nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2. We reported four cases of healthy neonates born from mothers with previous SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the third trimester of pregnancy. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable virus associated with a significantly increased risk of complications among the infected population. Few data are available for the outcome of pregnancy complicated by serious respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIM: We herein report a series of four neonates whose mothers had recovered from new coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: pregnant women with documented COVID-19 infection during their pregnancy, who gave birth in Parma Hospital, University of Parma, Italy, in March and April 2020, during the peak of incidence of COVID-19 in Italy. Clinical records and laboratory tests were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All neonates were delivered at term in good conditions without congenital COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our series of cases indicated that adverse effects on foetuses from pregnancies complicated by COVID-19 infection in late pregnancy are unlikely. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420961/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9743 id: cord-256135-v75qvb1i author: Persoon, Ilona F. title: A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 words: 710.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256135-v75qvb1i.txt summary: authors: Persoon, Ilona F.; Stankiewicz, Nikolai; Smith, Andrew; de Soet, Hans (J.J.); Volgenant, Catherine M.C. title: A review of respiratory protection measures recommended in Europe for dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends wearing respiratory protection when undertaking aerosol generating procedures (AGP) to reduce the risks of cross-infection between patients and healthcare worker (HCW) and vice versa 2 . When patients do not show symptoms of COVID-19, 54% of countries recommend respiratory protection FFP2 / FFP3 when performing AGP. A considerable number of countries also recommend respiratory protection FFP2 / FFP3 when performing non AGPs, both in patients with (63%) and without symptoms of COVID-19 (33%). However, the effectiveness of these respirators to prevent transmission of pathogens highly depends on proper fit and use of the equipment 9 In conclusion, the recommendations on respiratory protection when undertaking dental healthcare in European countries vary considerably. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120303583 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.027 id: cord-349755-81ijzz3a author: Perz, Catherine A. title: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a US College Sample date: 2020-06-25 words: 3026.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349755-81ijzz3a.txt summary: The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020) is a seven-item scale which has been validated and shown to possess good psychometric qualities in studies of participants from multiple countries. The current study used a cross-sectional convenience sample of US college student participants (n = 237) and found that the FCV-19S has high reliability and validity as demonstrated by its internal consistency and strong one-factor solution. Additionally, the FCV-19S was only moderately correlated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), suggesting that the FCV-19S may bring added utility to research and clinical practice with populations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that the present study was to our knowledge the first to use the Englishlanguage version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in a sample of US college students, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the scale using SPSS Version 26. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted college students’ coursework, stress levels, and perceived health. Various estimates indicate that high proportions of college students have experienced increased amounts of stress (Dziech, Inside Higher Education, 2020; Hartocollis, New York Times, 2020), yet other sources indicate that many college students respond to these changes with resilience (Kelley, Cornell Chronicle, 2020). A method for assessing student anxiety regarding the pandemic is thus needed. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al., International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020) is a seven-item scale which has been validated and shown to possess good psychometric qualities in studies of participants from multiple countries. The current study used a cross-sectional convenience sample of US college student participants (n = 237) and found that the FCV-19S has high reliability and validity as demonstrated by its internal consistency and strong one-factor solution. Scores on the FCV-19S were positively correlated with anxiety for students who were married or of Asian descent. Additionally, the FCV-19S was only moderately correlated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), suggesting that the FCV-19S may bring added utility to research and clinical practice with populations impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00356-3 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00356-3 id: cord-326354-fhafg41x author: Pesavento, Raffaele title: The hazard of (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants in non‐critically ill patients with Covid‐19: the Padua province experience date: 2020-07-21 words: 2835.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326354-fhafg41x.txt summary: As available information on the benefit/risk profile of this approach is still lacking, we retrieved information from a broad Accepted Article number of consecutive patients with non-critical COVID-19 who had been admitted to two medical wards and had been prescribed variable doses of antithrombotic drugs according to the physicians'' perception of the thromboembolic risk. The increasing awareness that low-dose anticoagulants may be ineffective for prevention of thrombotic complications in the course of COVID-19, including the development of micro-thrombosis in the lung vessels, has induced several clinicians to consider the use of sub-therapeutic or even therapeutic doses of antithrombotic agents in all admitted patients, challenging their hemorrhagic potential [13, 30] . Not surprisingly, the incidence of major or clinically relevant bleeding complications occurring during hospitalization was remarkably higher in patients treated with (sub)therapeutic than in those receiving preventive doses of antithrombotic drugs. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is responsible for a worldwide pandemic, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The increasing evidence of an associated relevant pro‐thrombotic coagulopathy has resulted in an increasing use of antithrombotic doses higher than usual in COVID‐19 patients. Information on the benefit/risk ratio of this approach is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: to assess the incidence of relevant bleeding complications in association with the antithrombotic strategy, and its relationship with the amount of drug. METHODS: Consecutive COVID‐19 patients admitted between February and April 2020 were included in a retrospective analysis. Major bleedings (MB) and clinical relevant non‐major bleeding (CRNMB) were obtained from patient medical records and were adjudicated by an independent committee. RESULTS: Of the 324 patients who were recruited, 240 had been treated with prophylactic doses and 84 with higher doses of anticoagulants. The rate of the composite endpoint of MB or CRNMB was 6.9 per 100 person/months in patients who had been given prophylactic doses, and 26.4 per 100 persons/months in those who had been prescribed higher doses (HR 3.89; 95%CI, 1.90 to 7.97). The corresponding rates for overall mortality were 12.2 and 20.1 per 100 person/months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of relevant bleeding events were high in patients treated with (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants. In the latter group, overall mortality did not differ from that of patients treated with standard prophylactic doses and was even higher. Our result does not support a strategy of giving (sub)therapeutic doses of anticoagulants in non‐critically ill patients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15022 doi: 10.1111/jth.15022 id: cord-331405-1opm5onj author: Pessa Valente, Emanuelle title: COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave date: 2020-06-17 words: 1049.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331405-1opm5onj.txt summary: Since the beginning of pandemic, many organizations have raised concerns with the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), low observance of social distancing measures, and scarce availability of diagnostic tests in Brazil [2, 3] . Open Knowledge Brazil (OKBR), a civil society organization that operates in support of open-access data of public interest, ranked Brazilian states with a "Transparency index", evaluating 13 criteria related to content, format and level of detail of information disclosed via official portals during COVID-19 pandemic [12] . We report here the results of a rapid review performed by systematically screening each of the 27 federal health department websites and COVID-19 dedicated portals in order to identify specific policies for HW health screening and testing, and related HW morbidity and mortality data. Information regarding COVID-19 confirmed cases among HWs was available in the official bulletins of only six (22.2%) Brazilian Federal states (Figure 1) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010379 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010379 id: cord-277697-bdzx4hzk author: Pessaux, P. title: Réponse à « Stratégie pour la pratique de la chirurgie digestive oncologique en situation d’épidémie de COVID-19 » date: 2020-04-09 words: 1091.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277697-bdzx4hzk.txt summary: Cependant, cette série n''est pas suffisante pour conclure que les patients atteints de cancer avaient un risque plus élevé de COVID-19. La pneumopathie à coronavirus était tout de même marquée d''un risque de mortalité plus élevé chez les patients avec un cancer. Certains auteurs chinois [5] n''attribuent pas ce risque accru au cancer lui-même, mais pourrait être dû à mesures de prévention de l''infection à SARS-CoV-2, et de l''adaptation de l''organisation des soins au sein des établissements de santé. Publication chinoise à l''appui [8] (cas clinique contre 3 patients avec un cancer ayant fait une forme grave dans le papier de Liang et al.), la colectomie pour cancer peut se passer très bien même chez le patient COVID+. L''arrêt quasiment de toute activité chirurgicale oncologique [1] ne serait pas sans conséquence avec des pertes de chance certaines mais difficiles à évaluer à ce stade. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.005 id: cord-266601-4ik5gu6b author: Peter, Strang title: Dying from Covid-19: Loneliness, end-of-life discussions and support for patients and their families in nursing homes and hospitals. A national register study date: 2020-07-25 words: 3806.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266601-4ik5gu6b.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study whether EOL discussions were offered and to what degree patients were alone at time of death when dying from Covid-19, comparing deaths in nursing homes and hospitals. 14 For these reasons, variables such as "dying with someone present (including family, friends, staff, hospital chaplains etc.)" and "EOL discussions" during the last week of life are registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC), a nation-wide quality register of end-oflife (EOL) care, which is completed online retrospectively in different care settings when a person has died. 15, 16 Aims The aim was to study the occurrence of EOL discussions with patients and next of kin, whether patients died alone and whether family members were offered bereavement support, in relation to all reported Covid-19 related deaths in hospitals and nursing homes (data set retrieved 19 th May 2020), using the SRPC. abstract: BACKGROUND: Preparation for an impending death through EOL (end-of-life) discussions and human presence when a person is dying is important for both patients and families. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study whether EOL discussions were offered and to what degree patients were alone at time of death when dying from Covid-19, comparing deaths in nursing homes and hospitals. DESIGN: The national Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC) was used. All expected deaths from Covid-19 in nursing homes and hospitals were compared with, and contrasted to, deaths in a reference population (deaths in 2019). SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A total of 1346 expected Covid-19 deaths in nursing homes (n=908) and hospitals (n=438) were analyzed. RESULTS: Those who died were of a more advanced age in nursing homes (mean 86.4 years) and of a lower age in hospitals (mean 80.7 years) (p<0.0001). Fewer EOL discussions with patients were held compared with deaths in 2019 (74% vs. 79%, p<0.001) and dying with someone present was much more uncommon (59% vs. 83%, p<0.0001). In comparisons between nursing homes and hospital deaths, more patients dying in nursing homes were women (56% vs. 37%, p<0.0001) and significantly fewer had a retained ability to express their will during the last week of life (54% vs. 89%, p<0.0001). Relatives were present at time of death in only 13% and 24% of the cases in nursing homes and hospitals, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding figures for staff were 52% and 38% (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Dying from Covid-19 negatively affects the possibility of holding an EOL discussion and the chances of dying with someone present. This has considerable social and existential consequences for both patients and families. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32721500/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.020 id: cord-304018-1fxjdl1m author: Peters, Sanne A.E. title: Obesity as a risk factor for COVID‐19 mortality in women and men in the UK Biobank: comparisons with influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease date: 2020-09-23 words: 1992.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304018-1fxjdl1m.txt summary: Cox regression was used to estimate the sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from COVID-19, influenza/pneumonia and CHD for overweight and obesity (defined as a body mass index [BMI] ≥25 to <30kg/m² and ≥30kg/m², respectively) and an overall 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI (SD: 4.8), waist circumference (SD: 13.5), waist-to-hip ratio (SD: 0.09), and waist-to-height ratio (SD: 0.08). This population-based study of over 500,000 women and men in the UK Biobank shows that higher levels of adiposity measures were associated with a higher risk of death from COVID-19, of an order of magnitude similar to that seen for other respiratory diseases and CHD. Table 1 Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratios of HRs with 95% confidence intervals for death from COVID-19, influenza/pneumonia, or coronary heart disease associated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio Analyses are adjusted for age, Townsend index, smoking status, and ethnicity. abstract: Obesity is associated with severe COVID‐19 outcomes, yet, it unclear whether the risk of COVID‐19 mortality associated with obesity is similar between the sexes. We used data from the UK Biobank to assess the risk of COVID‐19 mortality associated with various anthropometric measures in women and men. To put these results in context, we also compared these estimates with those for mortality from influenza/pneumonia and coronary heart disease (CHD). The analyses included 502,493 individuals (54% women), of whom 410 (36% women) died of COVID‐19, 549 (36% women) died of influenza/pneumonia, and 3355 (19% women) died of CHD. A higher BMI, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and waist‐to‐height ratio were each associated with a greater risk of death from COVID‐19, influenza/pneumonia, and CHD in both sexes, with the exception of the association between higher BMI and the risk of influenza/pneumonia death in men. A higher BMI was associated with a stronger risk of COVID‐19 mortality in women than men; the women‐to‐men ratio of hazard ratios was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.00; 1.43). This study demonstrates the role of obesity in COVID‐19 mortality and shows that the relative effects of a higher BMI on COVID‐19 mortality may be stronger in women than men. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969132/ doi: 10.1111/dom.14199 id: cord-306200-d5qn65k0 author: Petersen, Eskild title: COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions date: 2020-04-17 words: 1469.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306200-d5qn65k0.txt summary: Whilst travel restriction measures that significantly interfere with international traffic may be justified at the beginning of an outbreak, since they allow countries time to implement effective preparedness measures based on careful risk assessment, they should be based on a reasoned scientific evaluation of the available evidence on their possible effectiveness. The purpose of the WHO International Health Regulations [WHO, 2020b] is to ''prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which The WHO''s advice, based on many years of international outbreak response, was considered by many to be reasonable and evidence-based but the recommendation on travel restrictions has not been heeded by governments and politicians in the face of rapid spread of COVID-19 between countries. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302459?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.029 id: cord-311026-mpr3xb2a author: Petersen, Eskild title: COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date: 2020-04-29 words: 5624.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311026-mpr3xb2a.txt summary: Another approach could be to open travel from countries with good surveillance systems, transparent reporting, and few local cases where risk of importing infected cases would be low. Thus, public health capabilities for case identification and isolation must be expanded probably permanently; tools can include physical inspection or use of electronic devices, such as mobile phone-based surveillance and point of care tests as used in Taiwan, Korea and Oman, summarized in table 3. Despite the city state''s strict contact-tracing, quarantining and travel restrictions, a second wave of infections from returning residents and local transmissions saw cases spike from 100 to 1,000 in one month (SCMP 3 rd April). This initial public health response included travel bans from countries with high levels of community transmission and 14-day mandatory quarantine for all returning travelers from those countries; school closures; cancellation of gatherings of more than 100 people; and expanding testing and isolation capacity. abstract: Abstract Aim The purpose of this perspective is to review the options countries have to exit the draconian “lock downs” in a carefully staged manner. Methods Experts from different countries experiencing Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) review evidence and country specific approaches and results of their interventions. Results Three key factors are important: 1. Reintroduction from countries with ongoing community transmission; 2. The need for extensive testing capacity and widespread community testing, and 3. Adequate supply of personal protective equipment, PPE, to protect health care workers. Lifting social distancing is discussed at length. How to open manufacturing, construction and logistics. The opening og higher educational institutions and schools. The use of electronic surveillance is discussed. Conclusion Each country has to decide what is the best path forward. However, we can learn from each other and the approach is in reality very similar. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360552/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.035 id: cord-330998-ttwadtay author: Petersen, Fernanda Cristina title: COVID-19: Looking Into the Overlooked date: 2020-08-11 words: 1861.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330998-ttwadtay.txt summary: At the peak of the pandemic, broad-spectrum antibiotics have been administered to the majority of patients admitted with COVID-19 to hospital to prevent secondary infections but also, some antibiotics, like teicoplanin, have been used due to their alleged antiviral properties. However, the risk and potential severity of secondary infections associated with COVID-19, particularly in overcrowded clinical settings and in immune-compromised patients, has in many cases reduced the compliance with the local prescription practice guidelines. As the first wave of the pandemic is tailing off in Europe, we have gathered substantial and actionable evidence that suggests that both severity and mortality associated with COVID-19 is due to host factors, ranging from endothelial and coagulation disturbances leading to the formation of micro thrombi to a major dysregulation of the host immunity and inflammatory response. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850958/ doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00165 id: cord-274343-y9zqbefu author: Petersen, Irene title: Three Quarters of People with SARS-CoV-2 Infection are Asymptomatic: Analysis of English Household Survey Data date: 2020-10-08 words: 2197.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274343-y9zqbefu.txt summary: We estimated sensitivity, specificity, the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 – sensitivity), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection using results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the "gold standard". 8 In this analysis of data from a large representative study by the English Office for National Statistics we aimed to understand the value of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of COVID-19 symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 -sensitivity). We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection by using the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the "gold standard". To our knowledge, the Office for National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey pilot is the largest population survey carried out to date including information on the association between COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results. abstract: BACKGROUND: To reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify those who are infectious. However, little is known about what proportion of infectious people are asymptomatic and potential “silent” transmitters. We evaluated the value of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection from a representative English survey. METHODS: We used data from the Office for National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey pilot study. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 – sensitivity), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection using results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the “gold standard”. RESULTS: In total, there were 36,061 individuals with a SARS-CoV-2 test between 26 April and 27 June 2020. Of these, 625 (1.7%) reported symptoms on the day of the test. There were 115 (0.32%) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Of the 115, there were 27 (23.5%) who were symptomatic and 88 (76.5%) who were asymptomatic on the day of the test. Focusing on those with specific symptoms (cough, and/or fever, and/or loss of taste/smell), there were 158 (0.43%) with such symptoms on the day of the test. Of the 115 with a positive SARS-CoV-2, there were 16 (13.9%) reporting symptoms. In contrast, 99 (86.1%) did not report specific symptoms on the day of the test. The PPV for all symptoms was 4.3% and for the specific symptoms 10.1%. The specificity and NPV of symptoms were above 98%. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 symptoms are poor markers of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, 76.5% of this random sample who tested positive reported no symptoms, and 86.1% reported none of those specific to COVID-19. A more widespread testing programme is necessary to capture “silent” transmission and potentially prevent and reduce future outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116898/ doi: 10.2147/clep.s276825 id: cord-315001-1ui27pkc author: Peterson, Nicholas title: Discovering Associations: Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1593.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315001-1ui27pkc.txt summary: Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. We present a case showing an association between Kawasaki disease and the SARS-CoV-2 virus. is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for Kawasaki disease (KD). is case highlights the value of testing patients for COVID-19 during evaluation for possible Kawasaki disease. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 3.6 million confirmed cases and over 254,000 deaths worldwide. It has been theorized that children who are asymptomatic or who do not display significant respiratory symptoms are potential vectors for community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is incompletely understood due to the current lack of widespread testing in the pediatric population. We describe a case of a 2-year-old female who presented with symptoms of prolonged fever, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, rash, dry/cracked lips, fussiness and fatigue, and a notable absence of respiratory symptoms. She was diagnosed with and treated for Kawasaki disease. Due to her prolonged fever, she was tested for COVID-19 which was positive; however, she did not develop respiratory symptoms during her illness. At the time of manuscript submission, this is the second case report to our knowledge showing an association between Kawasaki Disease and SARS-CoV-2 virus, both of which are poorly understood diseases in the pediatric population. This case highlights the value of testing pediatric patients for COVID-19 who present with fever in the absence of other symptoms to improve epidemiologic measures during the ongoing pandemic, and it also adds to a foundation of cases for future research on the presence of a link between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062362/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8880242 id: cord-337692-b89ow1mf author: Petti, S. title: Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries date: 2020-09-11 words: 5103.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337692-b89ow1mf.txt summary: Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. An apparently perplexing characteristic of the reported association between the two mortality rates was that while influenza virus circulation during the seasons considered in the present analysis was uncontrolled, SARS-CoV-2 circulation was probably limited by the widespread exceptional public health measures implemented in Europe [32] . This study reported an inverse association between number of hospital beds and mortality rates (Table 2) , thus showing that high influenza and COVID-19 mortality was also due to inefficiencies of the healthcare systems, and corroborated by data from several European countries [45] . abstract: Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. Influenza is not causally associated with COVID-19, but shares population-based determinants, such as similar incidence/mortality trends, transmission patterns, efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, comorbidities and underdiagnosis. We investigated the ecologic association between influenza mortality rates and COVID-19 mortality rates in the European context. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. The two variables – log transformed, showed significant Spearman's correlation ρ = 0.439 (P = 0.01), and regression coefficients, b = 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.272–1.214; R(2) = 0.244; P = 0.003), b = 0.472 (95% confidence interval, 0.067–0.878; R(2) = 0.549; P = 0.02), unadjusted and adjusted for confounders (population size and cardiovascular disease mortality), respectively. Common significant determinants of both COVID-19 and influenza mortality rates were life expectancy, influenza vaccination in the elderly (direct associations), number of hospital beds per population unit and crude cardiovascular disease mortality rate (inverse associations). This analysis suggests that influenza mortality rates were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality rates in Europe, with implications for public health preparedness, and implies preliminary undetected SARS-CoV-2 spread in Europe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912363/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002125 id: cord-352159-qx16i7s1 author: Pettit, Natasha N. title: Late Onset Infectious Complications and Safety of Tocilizumab in the Management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 words: 3329.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352159-qx16i7s1.txt summary: During the study period, the institutional guideline recommended administration of TCZ 400 mg intravenous once (with the option of redosing based on clinical response within 12-24 hours) if patients presented with severe and rapidly progressing hypoxia in addition to elevated inflammatory markers (e.g. D-Dimer >2 mg/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) >100mg/L, and/or ferritin >600 mcg/L (or >300mcg/L if ferritin doubled in the previous 24hrs)). To characterize the patients'' clinical presentation, course, and outcomes in the group that received TCZ, we also evaluated time to TCZ from symptom onset, intensive care unit (ICU) admission at the time of the TCZ dose, the TCZ weight based dose, mechanical ventilation at the time of the TCZ dose, whether they also received remdesivir or a hydroxychloroquine based regimen, time to defervesce following TCZ (if the patient was febrile prior to the dose), time to positive culture (if they had positive cultures post TCZ), length of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality (all-cause). abstract: BACKGROUND: Tocilizumab (TCZ) has been used in the management of COVID‐19‐related cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Concerns exist regarding the risk of infections and drug‐related toxicities. We sought to evaluate the incidence of these TCZ complications among COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: All adult inpatients with COVID‐19 between March 1(st) and April 25(th), 2020 that received TCZ were included. We compared the rate of late‐onset infections (>48 hours following admission) to a control group matched according to intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation requirement. Post‐TCZ toxicities evaluated included: elevated liver function tests (LFTs), GI perforation, diverticulitis, neutropenia, hypertension, allergic reactions, and infusion‐related reactions. RESULTS: Seventy‐four patients were included in each group. Seven‐teen infections in the TCZ group (23%) and 6 (8%) infections in the control group occurred >48 hours after admission (p=0.013). Most infections were bacterial with pneumonia being the most common manifestation. Among patients receiving TCZ, LFT elevations were observed in 51%, neutropenia in 1.4%, and hypertension in 8%. The mortality rate among those that received TCZ was greater than the control (39% versus 23%, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Late onset infections were significantly more common among those receiving TCZ. Combining infections and TCZ‐related toxicities, 61% of patients had a possible post‐TCZ complication. While awaiting clinical trial results to establish the efficacy of TCZ for COVID‐19 related CRS, the potential for infections and TCZ related toxicities should be carefully weighed when considering use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26429 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26429 id: cord-295407-aq011b97 author: Pettus, Katherine title: Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 words: 1469.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt summary: Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. The additional COVID-19 burden of health-related suffering only underscores the government obligation to take a balanced approach to the regulation of internationally controlled substances, and to make strategic interventions, in partnership with clinical associations, to ensure the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines for primary, intensive, and palliative care. abstract: Section 2 of the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines includes opioid analgesics formulations commonly used for the control of pain and respiratory distress, as well as sedative and anxiolytic substances such as midazolam and diazepam. These medicines, essential to palliative care, are regulated under the international drug control conventions overseen by United Nations (UN) specialized agencies and treaty bodies and under national drug control laws. Those national laws and regulations directly affect bedside availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines (ICEMs). The complex interaction between national regulatory systems and global supply chains (now impacted by COVID-19 pandemic) directly affects bedside availability of ICEMs and patient care. Despite decades of global civil society advocacy in the UN system, ICEMs have remained chronically unavailable, inaccessible and unaffordable in Lower-and-Middle Income Countries, and there are recent reports of shortages in High Income Countries as well. The most prevalent symptoms in COVID-19 are breathlessness, cough, drowsiness, anxiety, agitation and delirium. Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392420303754?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.153 id: cord-259562-e1htl489 author: Petzold, Moritz Bruno title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 words: 3501.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt summary: An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current COVID‐19 pandemic comes with multiple psychological stressors due to health‐related, social, economic, and individual consequences and may cause psychological distress. The aim of this study was to screen the population in Germany for negative impact on mental health in the current COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. METHODS: A total of 6,509 people took part in an online survey in Germany from 27 March to 6 April. The questionnaire included demographic information and ascertained psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk and protective factors. RESULTS: In our sample, over 50% expressed suffering from anxiety and psychological distress regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID‐19 (M = 4.45). Psychological and social determinants showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID‐19 than experiences with the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The current COVID‐19 pandemic does cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression for large proportions of the general population. Strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, fostering self‐efficacy, and information on where to get medical treatment if needed, seem of help, while substance abuse and suppression of anxiety and negative emotions seem to be associated with more psychological burden. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633464/ doi: 10.1002/brb3.1745 id: cord-346146-yal0ctpq author: Peyronnet, Violaine title: Infection par le SARS-CoV-2 chez les femmes enceintes. Actualisation de l’état des connaissances et de la proposition de prise en charge. CNGOF date: 2020-10-05 words: 9027.0 sentences: 922.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346146-yal0ctpq.txt summary: L''objectif de la rédaction de ce document est d''actualiser les connaissances des professionnels de santé sur le SARS-Covid-2, ses symptômes, la connaissance actuelle sur la transmission inter individuelle et pendant la grossesse et de proposer un protocole de prise en charge pour les femmes enceintes en France modifiant celui proposé précédemment (1) . Cependant, des symptômes plus graves ont également été décrits dans ce contexte (16 à 32%) comme la pneumonie ou le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) qui sont présents majoritairement chez les personnes âgées, les patients présentant une immunodépression ou des comorbidités telles que le diabète, un cancer ou une maladie respiratoire chronique et les femmes enceintes (4; 8; 12-17) Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques ont été décrites dans la population générale en premier par Huang et al. Enfin une autre série française multicentrique portant sur 100 femmes enceintes avec une infection certaine rapporte 5 cas de césariennes avant 32 SA pour cause de COVID chez des patientes hospitalisées en réanimation. abstract: Objectifs: Le coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 mis en évidence en fin d’année 2019 en Chine a atteint tous les continents, avec plus de 28 millions de cas déclarés dont plus de 920 000 décès au 17/9/2020. Le plus souvent à l’origine d’un syndrome infectieux bénin, associant à différents degrés des symptômes (fièvre, toux, myalgies, céphalées et éventuels troubles digestifs), voire totalement asymptomatique, le SARS-CoV-2 peut être à l’origine de pathologies pulmonaires graves et parfois de décès. Méthode: Au vu de l’évolution de l’épidémie, le Collège National Des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français a décidé de mettre à jours les avis émis précédemment. Pour cela, le même groupe d’experts, a été sollicité avec réalisation d’une revue de la littérature et prise en compte des avis de la Direction Générale de la Santé, la Haute Autorité de Santé, du Haut Conseil de Santé Publique. Résultats: Les données pendant la grossesse sont plus nombreuses et plus précises. Les données publiées semblent montrer que les symptômes chez la femmes enceintes sont les mêmes que ceux de la population générale et qu’un sur risque existe chez la femme enceinte particulièrement au troisième trimestre. Un cas de transmission materno-fœtale intra utérine a été formellement identifié. Une prématurité induite et des cas de détresses respiratoires chez les nouveau-nés de mères infectées ont été décrits. Conclusion: A la lumière des nouvelles données, nous proposons une actualisation des recommandations de prise en charge. Ces propositions peuvent encore évoluer avec l’avancée de la pandémie et de potentielles nouvelles connaissances chez la femme enceinte. Objectives: The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 identified late 2019 in China had spread across all continents. In the majority of cases, patients have mild symptoms (fever, cough, myalgia, headache, some digestive disorders) or are asymptomatic, however it can cause serious lung diseases and lead to death. On September 2020, over 28 million people have been infected with over 920,000 deaths. Methods: In view of the evolution of the epidemic the French National College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has decided to update the recommendations previously issued. To do this, the same group of experts was called upon to carry out a review of the literature and take into account the opinions of the General Directorate of Health (DGS), the “Haute Autorité de Santé” (HAS) and the “Haut Conseil de santé Publique” (HCSP). Results: The data on consequences during pregnancy have accumulated. The symptoms in pregnant women appear to be similar to those of the general population, but an increased risk of respiratory distress exists in pregnant women especially in the third trimester. A case of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission has been clearly identified. Induced prematurity and cases of respiratory distress in newborns of infected mothers have been described. Conclusion: In light of the new data, we propose updated recommendations. These proposals may continue to evolve in view of the pandemic and of advances in studies in pregnant women. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468718920302798?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.10.001 id: cord-290950-v28kilvn author: Peyrony, Olivier title: Surfaces and equipment contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Emergency Department at a university hospital date: 2020-08-07 words: 3158.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290950-v28kilvn.txt summary: METHODS: We performed multiple samples from different sites in ED patients care and non-patient care areas with sterile premoistened swabs and used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that surfaces and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak is low and concerns exclusively patients'' examination and monitoring rooms, preserving non-patient care areas. In this study, we aimed to assess the surface and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 of an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak depending on patient care and non-patient care areas. In our study, a sample was considered positive if either both ORF1a/b and E genes were Also, we did not detect any presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the different surfaces of the patients'' registration desk or COVID-19 patients'' waiting room. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Environmental contamination by patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through respiratory droplets suggests that surfaces and equipment could be a medium of transmission. We aimed to assess the surface and equipment contamination by SARS-COV-2 of an emergency department (ED) during the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS: We performed multiple samples from different sites in ED patients care and non-patient care areas with sterile premoistened swabs and used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA). We also sampled the personal protective equipment (PPE) from health care workers (HCWs). RESULTS: Among the 192 total samples, 10 (5.2%) were positive. In patient care areas, 5/46 (10.9%) of the surfaces directly in contact with COVID-19 patients revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 4/56 (7.1%) of the surfaces that were not directly in contact with COVID-19 patients were positive. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present only in the patients’ examination and monitoring rooms. Before decontamination SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present on the saturation clip, the scuff for blood pressure measurement, the stretcher, the plastic screens between patients and the floor. After decontamination, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained on the scuff, the stretcher and the trolleys. All samples from non-patient care areas or staff working rooms were negative. Only one sample from the PPE of the HCWs was positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that surfaces and equipment contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an ED during the COVID-19 outbreak is low and concerns exclusively patients’ examination and monitoring rooms, preserving non-patient care areas. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463920305460?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113600 id: cord-305139-851v2qr3 author: Peys, Elise title: Haemoptysis as the first presentation of COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-10-22 words: 2555.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305139-851v2qr3.txt summary: This case emphasises the added value of bronchoscopy with BAL in the diagnostic work-up in case of high clinical suspicion and negative serial NPS in patients presenting with severe symptoms. Here, we report an unusual case of a man who presented with life-threatening haemoptysis as the first and unique symptom of COVID-19. According to the institutional guidelines during the current COVID-19 pandemic, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples on two consecutive days were obtained and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which repeatedly returned negative. Unusually, in this case, haemoptysis was the initial and unique symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with underlying emphysema. [7] , haemoptysis was the only clinical symptom during the first ten days of the disease course, whereas Casey and co-workers presented a case of COVID-19 associated with acute segmental pulmonary emboli which eventually caused haemoptysis [8] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic that profoundly challenges healthcare systems all over the world. Fever, cough and fatigue are the most commonly reported clinical symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man presented at the emergency department with acute onset haemoptysis. On the fifth day after admission, he developed massive haemoptysis. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the chest revealed alveolar haemorrhage, more prominent in the left lung. Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed bleeding from the left upper lobe, confirmed by a bronchial arteriography, which was successfully embolized. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) repeatedly returned negative. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 was eventually detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Life-threatening haemoptysis is an unusual presentation of COVID-19, reflecting alveolar bleeding as a rare but possible complication. This case emphasises the added value of bronchoscopy with BAL in the diagnostic work-up in case of high clinical suspicion and negative serial NPS in patients presenting with severe symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092563/ doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01312-6 id: cord-267815-4fw7xgnt author: Peña, Juan A. title: A Survey of Labor and Delivery Practices in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-09 words: 2888.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267815-4fw7xgnt.txt summary: We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. One center performed SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing for all support persons either on admission to labor and delivery (L&D), or 24 to 48 hours prior to a scheduled admission. For half of the sites, after 34 weeks, the risks of continued expectant management of a patient with COVID-19 seemed to outweigh the risks of prematurity, and these centers would forgo testing and recommend delivery. Here we report on the obstetrical practices and protocols from four academic medical centers in NYC at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Recently, a novel coronavirus, precisely severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that causes the disease novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Over a million cases have been confirmed in the United States. As of May 5, 2020, New York State has had over 300,000 cases and 24,000 deaths with more than half of the cases and deaths occurring in New York City (NYC). Little is known, however, of how this virus impacts pregnancy. Given this lack of data and the risk for severe disease in this relatively immunocompromised population, further understanding of the obstetrical management of COVID-19, as well as hospital level preparation for its control, is crucial. Guidance has come from expert opinion, professional societies and public health agencies, but to date, there is no report on how obstetrical practices have adapted these recommendations to their local situations. We therefore developed an internet-based survey to elucidate the practices put into place to guide the care of obstetrical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed obstetrical leaders in four academic medical centers in NYC who were implementing and testing protocols at the height of the pandemic. We found that all sites made changes to their practices, and that there appeared to be agreement with screening and testing for COVID-19, as well as labor and delivery protocols, for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. We found less consensus with respect to inpatient antepartum fetal surveillance. We hope that this experience is useful to other centers as they formulate their plans to face this pandemic. Key Points: Practices changed to accommodate public health needs. Most practices are screened for novel COVID-19 on admission. Fetal testing in COVID-19 patients varied. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32516817/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713120 id: cord-293547-29i3u83s author: Pfaar, O title: COVID‐19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic – an EAACI/ARIA Position Paper date: 2020-06-12 words: 8811.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293547-29i3u83s.txt summary: RESULTS: Based on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)" inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) recommends to continue all immune-modulating treatment since exacerbations of underlying diseases can have a large negative impact on the patient''s immunity [30] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has evolved as a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐)2. Allergists and other health care providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are in the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics. METHOD: The scientific information on COVID‐19 was analyzed by a literature search in Medline, Pubmed, national and international guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Cochrane Library and the Internet. RESULTS: Based on diagnostic and treatment standards developed by EAACI, on international information regarding COVID‐19, on guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations as well as on previous experience, a panel of experts including clinicians, psychologists, IT experts and basic scientists along with EAACI and the “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)” inititiative have developed recommendations for the optimal management of allergy clinics during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. These recommendations are grouped into nine sections on different relevant aspects for the care of patients with allergies. CONCLUSIONS: This international Position Paper provides recommendations on operational plans and procedures to maintain high standards in the daily clinical care of allergic patients whilst ensuring necessary safety in the current COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14453 doi: 10.1111/all.14453 id: cord-258092-a4e59c7z author: Pfeuffer, Steffen title: Autoimmunity complicating SARS-CoV-2 infection in selective IgA-deficiency date: 2020-08-12 words: 824.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258092-a4e59c7z.txt summary: During ICU treatment, the patient recovered from COVID-19, and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were repeatedly negative (first on day 15). Laboratory analysis revealed selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (sIgAD; serum IgA <0.05g/L) but was otherwise unremarkable for autoimmune or hematologic disorders. We believe that our patient suffered from sIgAD since childhood but remained undiagnosed in the absence of symptoms until autoimmunity was finally induced by COVID-19. 1 Such association has not been shown yet for T1D, but previous reports on the development of DKA within already 1 week after nivolumab treatment 2 indicate that a single trigger can result in rapid-onset T1D in susceptible patients and normal HbA1c levels render preexisting yet undiscovered T1D unlikely here. 3 Moreover, previous cases on GBS after COVID-19 mostly showed an onset within 5-10 days supporting that COVID-19 is a sufficient trigger of rapid-onset autoimmunity. Previous patients also developed GBS already within 7-10 days after the onset of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000881 doi: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000881 id: cord-345737-b4r0jyjo author: Phillips, Dominique title: The invisible workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Family carers at the frontline date: 2020-05-15 words: 3435.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345737-b4r0jyjo.txt summary: It is hoped that family carers will receive greater recognition for the significant role they play in society, providing essential care and alleviating the strain on health and social care systems, both during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. Highlighting the contribution that older people make may also draw attention to the particular needs of and challenges facing older family carers, who have remained invisible throughout COVID-19, to the people they are providing care and support to, as well as other family members playing a secondary caregiving role who themselves may be working. The Open Letter points to the evidence showing the benefits of enabling family carers to remain at work, and highlights the role and responsibilities of employers and the state in supporting working family carers and helping to moderate the additional stresses and strains that they are currently under. abstract: This is an open letter to acknowledge the essential and increasingly challenging role unpaid family carers are playing in the COVID-19 pandemic. The letter is written by members of the CAREWELL team, a HRB-funded project that aims to promote health and self-care behaviours among working family carers. Family carers provide care to family and friends in the community who need support due to old-age, disability and chronic illness. In many cases, family carers are supporting those who are considered most at risk in this pandemic meaning carers must reduce their own risk of infection in order to protect their dependent family members. The temporary reduction of some home care services, as well as school and creche closures, means that family carers are providing increased levels of care with little or no support. At a time when both worlds of work and care have been dramatically transformed, we wish to shed light on those who are currently balancing paid employment with a family caregiving role. We argue that there is much to be learned from the recent work restrictions that could benefit employees, including working family carers, beyond this pandemic. We also wish to build on the potential positives of a transformed society and encourage policy makers and employers to focus on what is currently being implemented, and to identify which measures could be used to create a bedrock of policies and practices that would offer robust and effective support to family carers. It is hoped that family carers will receive greater recognition for the significant role they play in society, providing essential care and alleviating the strain on health and social care systems, both during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13059.1 doi: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13059.1 id: cord-288632-2aliqy8p author: Phillips, Nicole title: The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks date: 2020-09-23 words: 4575.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288632-2aliqy8p.txt summary: Specifically, Fig. 1 illustrates a conceptual model through which psychological influences (stress, anxiety, depression), pre-existing/comorbid disease (e.g., HTN, T2DM), and COVID-19 interconnect on the basis of known and unknown genetic variations that translate into human health outcomes and molecular modes of viral pathogenesis. Importantly, it is the interplay between key environmental exposures (stress; social determinants of health, SDH) and genetic predisposition for aspects of viral pathogenesis and/or comorbid disease (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM; hypertension, HTN) that ultimately converges on COVID-19 manifestation and affects mortality . While there is conflicting data regarding the effects of variants in all three of the candidate genes discussed here, the remarkable relevance of associated phenotypes to COVID-19 pathophysiology together implies that genetic polymorphisms which regulate immune and stress responses may interact to affect underlying disease risk and, simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accounts for over 180,000 deaths in the USA. Although COVID-19 affects all racial ethnicities, non-Hispanic Blacks have the highest mortality rates. Evidence continues to emerge, linking the disproportion of contagion and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a result of adverse social determinants of health. Yet, genetic predisposition may also play a credible role in disease transmission. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the receptor molecule angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed on the surface of the target cells, such that polymorphisms and the expression level of ACE2 influence infectivity and consequent pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Genetic polymorphisms in other multiple genes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and interleukin-6, are also closely associated with underlying diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which substantially raise SARS-CoV-2 mortality. However, it is unknown how these genetic polymorphisms contribute to the disparate mortality rates, with or without underlying diseases. Of particular interest is the potential that genetic polymorphisms in these genes may be influencing the disparity of COVID-19 mortality rates in Black communities. Here, we review the evidence that biological predisposition for high-risk comorbid conditions may be relevant to our ability to fully understand and therefore address health disparities of COVID-19 deaths in Blacks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40615-020-00871-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00871-y doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00871-y id: cord-301454-ayf42grs author: Phyu Khin, Phyu title: A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression date: 2020-08-14 words: 1762.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301454-ayf42grs.txt summary: A recent study proved that coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 also uses dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4, also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, CD26) as a co-receptor when entering cells. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect T lymphocytes despite their very low expression level of ACE-2, implying an alternate receptor for viral entry [5, 6] . Among elderly patients (average age: 80 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Italy in early 2020, the mortality rate was highest in patients with hypertension (69%), followed by those with type 2 diabetes (31%), and those with ischemic heart diseases (27%) [5] . The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2, is expressed on many different cell types: implications for ACE-inhibitor-and angiotensin II receptor blocker-based cardiovascular therapies. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: Abstract COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is an abbreviated name for coronavirus disease 2019. COVID-19 became a global pandemic in early 2020. It predominantly affects not only the upper and lower respiratory tract, but also multiple organs, including the kidney, heart, and brain. The mortality of COVID-19 patients is high in men and in elderly patients with age-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a component in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), plays as cell surface receptors for SARS-CoV-2. A recent study proved that coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 also uses dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4, also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, CD26) as a co-receptor when entering cells. In addition, DPP4 is also implicated in the regulation of the immune response. Thus, the combination of DPP4 inhibition and suppression of ACE-2/RAAS may be a novel therapeutic strategy for combating this pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720323756 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110186 id: cord-263308-q0iriid8 author: Piano, Carla title: An Italian Neurology Outpatient Clinic Facing SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Data From 2,167 Patients date: 2020-05-29 words: 3561.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263308-q0iriid8.txt summary: Methods: Patients with chronic neurologic diseases routinely followed at the outpatient clinic of Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, were assessed for symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pandemic period, consequences of social restrictions, and neurological disease features, concomitant medical conditions, current medical and disease-specific treatments. Specifically, the survey assessed: (1) Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age at onset, duration of illness, and disability measures (ADL/IADL) (8); (2) COVID-19 related questions, including history of recent travel in endemic areas, direct contacts with COVID-19 confirmed cases (COVID-19+), symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection started or worsened in the last 3 months (fever, cough/sore throat, asthenia, dyspnea, myalgia, and hyposmia/hypogeusia), and confirmatory testing for COVID-19 (nasal/pharyngeal swab test results); (3) information related to the impact of COVID-19 on disease burden, including subjective worsening of neurological symptoms, compliance with restrictions and specific effects of restriction measures on the perception of illness (need of urgent neurological care, discontinuation of pharmacological treatment or physiotherapy, difficulties in finding drugs). abstract: Objective: Neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have already been reported, but there is insufficient data about the impact of the pandemic on the management of the patients with chronic neurological diseases. We aim to analyze the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and social restriction rules on these fragile patients. Methods: Patients with chronic neurologic diseases routinely followed at the outpatient clinic of Gemelli University Hospital, Rome, were assessed for symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pandemic period, consequences of social restrictions, and neurological disease features, concomitant medical conditions, current medical and disease-specific treatments. Data source: a dedicated telephone survey designed to encompass questions on COVID-19 symptoms and on pandemic effects in chronic neurologic conditions. Results: Overall, 2,167 individuals were analyzed: 63 patients reported contact with COVID-19 positive cases, 41 performed the swab, and 2 symptomatic patients tested positive for COVID-19 (0.09%). One hundred fifty-eight individuals (7%) needed urgent neurological care, deferred due to the pandemic; 641 patients (30%) suspended hospital treatments, physiotherapy or other support interventions; 405 individuals (19%) reported a subjective worsening of neurological symptoms. Conclusions: In our population, the presence of neurological chronic diseases did not increase the prevalence of COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, the burden of neurological disorders has been worsened by the lockdown. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574249/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00564 id: cord-310157-gzysuusk author: Piapan, Linda title: COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy) date: 2020-08-14 words: 731.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310157-gzysuusk.txt summary: In Trieste, a north-eastern Italian province with 234 493 inhabitants, 903 of 4,216 HCWs in public hospitals reported contact with COVID-19 patients between March 1 and April 6, 2020, and were followed up to verify symptom onset. The COVID-19 spread in different wards and the time trend analysis of contact and case onset showed 4 major cluster outbreaks. The first cluster of contacts occurred on March 6, 2020, in Geriatric ward where an index patient without respiratory symptoms (one of the first cases documented in Trieste) was admitted: 72% of HCWs in the division were infected. Another two clusters of exposure occurred on March 10 and 11, 2020, in Internal Medicine I and II, due to the hospitalization of 2 patients not suspected to be COVID-19 positive at first (26% and 39% of HCWs infected). In the study period, infected HCWs accounted for 16.2% of all COVID-19 cases in the province of Trieste [5] . abstract: nan url: http://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S019567012030390X/pdf doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.012 id: cord-355028-1x7w1749 author: Piazza, Cesare title: Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society date: 2020-06-06 words: 4316.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355028-1x7w1749.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. In the meantime, however, as a consequence of the combination of an increased number of long-term intubated, critically ill patients, and delayed tracheostomy, it is probable that, in the near future, an unprecedented rise of iatrogenic sequelae ranging from granulomas, webs, and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), to tracheomalacia, tracheal necrosis, tracheo-esophageal, and tracheo-innominate fistulae may come to arise [16, 17] . The aim of the present paper from the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society is, therefore, to alert the medical and scientific communities to the possibility of a surge in the number of airway injuries in the short and medium term, to provide a narrative review of the main mechanisms potentially leading to laryngotracheal injuries during prolonged intubation and tracheostomy, and to help in proactively diagnosing and treating LTS. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers. RESULTS: A range of prevention strategies, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approaches are reported and framed within the COVID-19 pandemic context. CONCLUSIONS: One of the most important roles of otolaryngologists when encountering airway-related signs and symptoms in patients with previous ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for LTS development, and share it with colleagues and other health care professionals. Such a condition requires specific expertise and should be comprehensively managed in tertiary referral centers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32506145/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06112-6 id: cord-278536-b4eyegx5 author: Piazza, Gregory title: Registry of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 1467.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278536-b4eyegx5.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of arterial and venous thromboembolic disease, risk factors, prevention and management patterns, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, the authors designed a multicenter, observational cohort study. CONCLUSIONS: Major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and symptomatic venous thromboembolism occurred with high frequency in patients with COVID-19, especially in the intensive care setting, despite a high utilization rate of thromboprophylaxis. Whereas the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 are usually attributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and end-organ failure, cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism (PE), also cause disability and death in these patients (1) (2) (3) . Among those admitted to the non-ICU setting (n ¼ 229), the frequency of major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and symptomatic VTE was also elevated but lower than for those with critical illness. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism, represent an important source of adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of arterial and venous thromboembolic disease, risk factors, prevention and management patterns, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, the authors designed a multicenter, observational cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 1,114 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed through our Mass General Brigham integrated health network. The total cohort was analyzed by site of care: intensive care (n = 170); hospitalized nonintensive care (n = 229); and outpatient (n = 715). The primary study outcome was a composite of adjudicated major arterial or venous thromboembolism. RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 were 22.3% Hispanic/Latinx and 44.2% non-White. Cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension (35.8%), hyperlipidemia (28.6%), and diabetes (18.0%) were common. Prophylactic anticoagulation was prescribed in 89.4% of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care cohort and 84.7% of those in the hospitalized nonintensive care setting. Frequencies of major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major cardiovascular adverse events, and symptomatic venous thromboembolism were highest in the intensive care cohort (35.3%, 45.9%, and 27.0 %, respectively) followed by the hospitalized nonintensive care cohort (2.6%, 6.1%, and 2.2%, respectively) and the outpatient cohort (0% for all). CONCLUSIONS: Major arterial or venous thromboembolism, major adverse cardiovascular events, and symptomatic venous thromboembolism occurred with high frequency in patients with COVID-19, especially in the intensive care setting, despite a high utilization rate of thromboprophylaxis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109720365906 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.070 id: cord-295523-5pv7kw6i author: Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea title: Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity date: 2020-05-08 words: 7905.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295523-5pv7kw6i.txt summary: However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). We critically review the rationale for the adoption of immunosuppressive agents, commonly used in autoimmune diseases, in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and report current knowledge of ongoing studies. The exacerbated reaction to infections or to biological therapy is caused by the rapid recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and alter the fragile balance between a controlled immune response and a host-damaging reaction. As of now, four clinical trials are recruiting patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory failure, and CRS, aiming at evaluating the safety and effectiveness of anakinra alone or in combination with anti-IL-6 agents (NCT04330638, NCT0432402, NCT04357366, NCT04339712). High disease activity is associated with an increased risk of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis abstract: On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient’s clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397174/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21093330 id: cord-347081-g96cxamu author: Picchio, Camila A. title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain date: 2020-11-04 words: 4477.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347081-g96cxamu.txt summary: The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy. While harm reduction centres have been reported in 13 of the 17 autonomous communities, often these centres have insufficient data or resources for proper monitoring of In order to better understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction service provision in Spain, we report service utilisation, operating hours, and provision of harm reduction services such as OST, DAAs, and ART, infectious disease testing [hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis (TB)], and mental health services during the pandemic and for the same period one year earlier. abstract: BACKGROUND: Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers. RESULTS: All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for 2 months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm. CONCLUSION: Overall, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33143699/ doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00432-w id: cord-029885-vawqjfij author: Piccini, Jonathan P. title: EP News: Quality Improvement and Outcomes date: 2020-07-30 words: 629.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029885-vawqjfij.txt summary: The current issue focuses on quality improvement surrounding the challenges created for heart rhythm care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. PMID: 32330546) 3 conducted a single-center study evaluating the safety and feasibility of utilizing mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry for heart rhythm and QT monitoring in 117 patients with COVID-19 who were receiving hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and were hospitalized on non-telemetry floors. The authors conclude that while mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry has not been approved for QTc monitoring for patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, QRS duration >160 msec, or T-wave <5% of the peak QRS amplitude, their single-center study suggests that innovative management of QTc monitoring is possible under the resource-constrained conditions of a pandemic. Inpatient Use of Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors for COVID-19 Patients Treated With Hydroxychloroquine and/or Azithromycin abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7390752/ doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.07.027 id: cord-304813-10n1ol1g author: Piccolo, Vincenzo title: Chilblain‐like lesions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: should we really worry? date: 2020-06-04 words: 245.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304813-10n1ol1g.txt summary: key: cord-304813-10n1ol1g cord_uid: 10n1ol1g The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide in a few months. 3 During the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy, pediatric dermatologists received pictures from pediatricians reporting young patients with pernio-like lesions. 4 The clinical features appeared to be stereotypical, with the sudden onset of slightly painful or pruritic violaceous plaques and nodules, someWe actually think that after the first negative results of the screening program, the correlation of these lesions with the COVID-19 infection is far from being confirmed, so clinicians have not to worry parents, avoiding to forward urgently children to the nearest hospital to perform all the COVID examinations. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSEE) at JohnHopkins University (JHU). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.14993 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14993 id: cord-287303-b7vg439c author: Piché-Renaud, Pierre-Philippe title: Healthcare worker perception of a global outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and personal protective equipment: Survey of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital date: 2020-08-12 words: 3608.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287303-b7vg439c.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. 13, 14 During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada, inconsistent use of PPE and lack of adequate infection control training were among the factors contributing to the infection of HCWs. 15 In this study, we aimed to capture attitudes and knowledge of HCWs regarding COVID-19 and IPAC measures in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially related to PPE. We also sought to identify factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19, and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID19 . abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to capture perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and infection prevention and control (IPAC) measures implemented during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of HCWs. PARTICIPANTS: HCWs from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. INTERVENTION: A self-administered survey was distributed to HCWs. We analyzed factors influencing HCW knowledge and self-reported use of personal protective equipment (PPE), concerns about contracting COVID-19 and acceptance of the recommended IPAC precautions for COVID-19. RESULTS: In total, 175 HCWs completed the survey between March 6 and March 10: 35 staff physicians (20%), 24 residents or fellows (14%), 72 nurses (41%), 14 respiratory therapists (8%), 14 administration staff (8%), and 14 other employees (8%). Most of the respondents were from the emergency department (n = 58, 33%) and the intensive care unit (n = 58, 33%). Only 86 respondents (50%) identified the correct donning order; only 60 (35%) identified the correct doffing order; but the majority (n = 113, 70%) indicated the need to wash their hands immediately prior to removal of their mask and eye protection. Also, 91 (54%) respondents felt comfortable with recommendations for droplet and/or contact precautions for routine care of patients with COVID-19. HCW occupation and concerns about contracting COVID-19 outside work were associated with nonacceptance of the recommendations (P = .016 and P = .036 respectively). CONCLUSION: As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.415 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.415 id: cord-271186-82q22u6i author: Picichè, Marco title: Cardiac Involvment in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Inflammatory Syndromes date: 2020-08-05 words: 1216.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271186-82q22u6i.txt summary: In their review discussing the effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSin children and adolescents, Loke, Berul and Harahsheh highlight the overlapping features between Kawasaki disease (KD) and the recently described inflammatory syndrome called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) [1] . Although in children with MIS-C, the inflammatory response may sometimes be associated with transitory respiratory impairment, this feature is more prominent in adults with COVID-19, who may even require venous-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) support. However, notwithstanding the existence of considerable observational data on the use of ECMO for influenza A (H1N1) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus-related ARDS, the real utility of ECMO in adult COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure is uncertain and remains under investigation [15] . In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 may generate an inflammatory syndrome in both adults and children, albeit with several different characteristics and consequences. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1050173820301055 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.07.008 id: cord-337204-14gxpeaf author: Piciucchi, Matteo title: Preliminary considerations regarding the risk of COVID-19 and disease severity in chronic gastrointestinal conditions date: 2020-05-25 words: 1637.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337204-14gxpeaf.txt summary: Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 at the end of 2019, several studies of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical findings, therapy and virological features of this infection have become available and are totally free to clinicians via a PubMed search [1, 2] . In particular, several risk factors that are involved in acquiring the infection and that affect the clinical course and severity of COVID-19related diseases have been identified (Figure 1 ), but conclusive data are still lacking [2, 4] . As far as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is concerned, there are no data to suggest a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a higher severity of related diseases in these patients, compared to the general population. More specifically, prospective studies to analyze the risk of the infection and its possible course in patients with IBD, pancreatitis and liver diseases are needed in order to improve care for these patients. abstract: The novel RNA betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is driving great efforts in clinical and basic research and several studies of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical and virological features of this infection are already available. However COVID-19 is a totally new pathological entity, and many gray areas regarding associated diseases still need to be elucidated, especially in the group of patients who suffer from preexistent gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the published data on the correlation between chronic gastrointestinal disorders and COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2020.0498 doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0498 id: cord-302758-i5pe61h1 author: Pier, Matthew M. title: Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 words: 2414.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302758-i5pe61h1.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of Google Search queries for symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when in-person care has been limited. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. This study aims to assess trends within the U.S. for Google Search queries of symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices comparing the time of COVID-19 pandemic with similar time periods in previous years. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the ability of otolaryngologists to provide care to many patients in the U.S. This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during this period has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of Google Search queries for symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when in-person care has been limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on Google Search queries in the United States for 30 otolaryngology-related terms were obtained from Google Trends. The means of relative search volume from the COVID-19 period (March 29, 2020 through May 16, 2020) were compared to similar periods from 2016 to 2019 using a t-test of two independent samples. RESULTS: In total, 16.6% of search terms had significant increases in relative search volume during the COVID-19 period, with the largest percentage increase for “can't smell” (124.4%, p = .006), followed by “allergies” (30.3%, p = .03), “voice pain” (26.1%, p = .008), and “ears ringing” (19.0%, p < .001). Of all search terms, 26.7% had significant decreases in relative search volume, including the largest percentage decrease for “laryngitis” (59.8%, p < .001), followed by “thyroid nodule” (54.4%, p < .001), “thyroid cancer” (45.6%, p < .001), and “ENT” (34.9%, p < .001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. With reduced access to in-office otolaryngology care in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, these are important considerations for otolaryngology practices to meet the needs of patients who lack access to care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32659612/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102615 id: cord-306453-w1sxap5p author: Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A.M. title: Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study date: 2020-05-08 words: 4582.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306453-w1sxap5p.txt summary: This is a multi-center cohort study on pregnant women admitted to the hospital for treatment of severe and/or critical COVID-19 infection from March 5 to April 20, 2020. The primary outcome was median duration (from hospital admission to discharge) overall and for women with severe versus critical COVID-19 infection. The clinical course of disease in hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection seems to be similar to non-pregnant persons in the limited available studies. As there are currently few reports of severe or critical COVID-19 infections in pregnant women, this study seeks to describe these patients and their clinical progression. One useful variable is time: in our data, pregnant women with COVID-19 who developed critical disease and needed intubation progressed quickly from admission on day 7 from symptom onset to intubation on day 9. To date, we are not aware of a larger cohort study examining specifically the disease course of pregnant women hospitalized with molecular test confirmed severe or critical COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on healthcare systems around the world with 3.0 million infected and 208,000 resultant mortalities as of this writing. Information regarding infection in pregnancy is still limited. Objectives To describe the clinical course of severe and critical infection in hospitalized pregnant women with positive laboratory testing for SARS-CoV2. Study Design This is a cohort study of pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection hospitalized at 12 US institutions between March 5, 2020 and April 20, 2020. Severe infection was defined according to published criteria by patient reported dyspnea, respiratory rate > 30 per minute, blood oxygen saturation ≤ 93% on room air, partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen <300 and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24 to 48 hours on chest imaging. Critical disease was defined by respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure. Women were excluded if they had presumed COVID-19 infection but laboratory testing was negative. The primary outcome was median duration from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary outcomes included need for supplemental oxygen, intubation, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, death, and timing of delivery. The clinical courses are described by the median disease day on which these outcomes occurred after the onset of symptoms. Treatment and neonatal outcomes are also reported. Results Of 64 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19, 44 (69%) had severe and 20 (31%) critical disease. The following pre-existing comorbidities were observed: 25% had a pulmonary condition, 17% had cardiac disease and the mean BMI was 34 kg/m2. Gestational age at symptom onset was at a mean 29 ±6 weeks and at hospital admission a mean of 30 ±6 weeks, on a median day of disease 7 since first symptoms. Eighty-one percent of women were treated with hydroxychloroquine; 9% of women with severe disease and 65% of women with critical disease received remdesivir. All women with critical disease received either prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation during their admission. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (6 days for severe, 10.5 days for critical, p=0.01). For those who required it, intubation usually occurred around day 9, and peak respiratory support for women with severe disease occurred on day 8. In women with critical disease, prone positioning was performed in 20% of cases, the rate of ARDS was 70%, and re-intubation was necessary in 20%. There was one case of maternal cardiac arrest, but no cases of cardiomyopathy and no maternal deaths. Thirty-two (50%) women in this cohort delivered during their COVID-19 hospitalization (34% of severe and 85% of critical women). Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of pregnant women with critical COVID-19 who delivered during their disease course were delivered preterm, 94% of them via cesarean; in all, 75% (15/20) of critically ill women delivered preterm. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths, or cases of vertical transmission. Conclusion In hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection, admission typically occurred about 7 days after symptom onset, and the duration of hospitalization was 6 days (6 severe versus 12 critical). Critically ill women had a high rate of ARDS, and there was one case of cardiac arrest, but there were no cases of cardiomyopathy, or maternal mortality. Hospitalization for severe or critical COVID-19 infection resulted in delivery during the course of infection in 50% of this cohort, usually in the third trimester. There were no perinatal deaths in this cohort. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S258993332030077X doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100134 id: cord-285580-gq7400tq author: Pieretti, Joana C. title: Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles – potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections date: 2020-10-18 words: 4877.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285580-gq7400tq.txt summary: In this mini-review, we discuss recent progress concerning the antivirus activity of NO in clinical, pre-clinical and research settings, and its beneficial effects in the treatment of clinical complications in patients infected with coronaviruses and other respiratory viral diseases, including COVID-19. Although positive biological effects have been reported for the administration of NO donors, further studies are required to better evaluate the levels of inflammatory mediators and the activity of important heme-containing enzymes, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), directly involved in the inflammatory responses in respiratory viral infections (Anderson and Russel, 2020) . In other words, NO demonstrates potential for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19 both in severe and nonsevere conditions, improving oxygenation and antiviral mechanisms, and preventing aggravation of the disease (Ferrari et al., 2020; Parikh et al., 2020) . Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: The endogenous free radical nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the immunological system. NO has already been reported as a potential candidate for use in the treatment of human coronavirus infections, including COVID-19. In fact, inhaled NO has been used in clinical settings for its antiviral respiratory action, and in the regulation of blood pressure to avoid clot formation. In this mini-review, we discuss recent progress concerning the antivirus activity of NO in clinical, pre-clinical and research settings, and its beneficial effects in the treatment of clinical complications in patients infected with coronaviruses and other respiratory viral diseases, including COVID-19. We also highlight promising therapeutic effects of NO donors allied to nanomaterials to combat COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections. Nanomaterials can be designed to deliver sustained, localized NO release directly at the desired application site, enhancing the beneficial effects of NO and minimizing the side effects. Challenges and perspectives are presented to open new fields of research. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198202 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198202 id: cord-282095-cbfyydi3 author: Pierron, Denis title: Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness date: 2020-10-14 words: 6441.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282095-cbfyydi3.txt summary: Using data from a global, crowd-sourced study deployed in 30+ languages (Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research survey, GCCR, see "Methods" section), we tested whether changes in smell/taste at the population level could be used as an early indicator for local COVID-19 outbreaks. As pre-registered (see "Methods" section), our primary aim was to test the association between self-reported smell and taste changes and indicators of pressure in hospitals (COVID-related hospitalizations, CCRU admissions, and mortality rates) for each French administrative region over the last 3 months. The potential for self-reported smell and taste loss to serve as an early indicator of the number of COVID-19 cases-and hence hospital stress-was tested in a natural experiment by comparing France with Italy and the UK, which implemented lockdown with different timing and levels of stringency. Next, we examined the temporal dynamics in France of self-reported changes in smell/taste, the current governmental indicator (ratio of ER consults), and the number of CCRU admissions due to COVID-19 before and after the lockdown period. abstract: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33056983/ doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18963-y id: cord-155530-fz9l7rc7 author: Pierson, Emma title: Assessing racial inequality in COVID-19 testing with Bayesian threshold tests date: 2020-11-02 words: 2782.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-155530-fz9l7rc7.txt summary: In the case of COVID-19, infra-marginality is not a hypothetical concern: per capita infection rates are much higher in Black populations than white populations, so it is plausible that there might be dramatic differences in the risk distributions. We fit the model to cumulative COVID-19 test and case count data through August 16, 2020 in the US state of Indiana, broken down by race and county (further data details in Appendix A). (2018) proposes a version of the threshold test which incorporates population information, but makes use of only the proportion rather than the absolute population of each race group in each location: eg, the population information provided to their model is that "in County X, 40% of people are Hispanic, 20% are white, and 40% are Black". 3 We infer county-specific COVID-19 testing thresholds for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic populations. abstract: There are racial disparities in the COVID-19 test positivity rate, suggesting that minorities may be under-tested. Here, drawing on the literature on statistically assessing racial disparities in policing, we 1) illuminate a statistical flaw, known as infra-marginality, in using the positivity rate as a metric for assessing racial disparities in under-testing; 2) develop a new type of Bayesian threshold test to measure disparities in COVID-19 testing and 3) apply the test to measure racial disparities in testing thresholds in a real-world COVID-19 dataset. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.01179v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-348537-rsdyiygo author: Pignatti, Marco title: How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northen Italy date: 2020-05-15 words: 2272.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348537-rsdyiygo.txt summary: Finally we underline the importance of using telemedicine and web-based tools to transmit images of lesions that need the surgeon''s evaluation, and can be used by the patient to keep in touch with a doctor during the distressing time of delay of the expected procedure. All the patients already booked on an outpatient clinic at the time the switch from elective to urgent activity was implemented were contacted, on a daily basis, to evaluate the urgency of their case and to decide whether to cancel, postpone or maintain their appointment. However the use of internet tools for monitoring reconstructive surgery patients has been largely described 22, 23, 24 .Instant sharing of images or video calls allow plastic surgeons to make an easy consultation, filtering only clinical cases that really need to be evaluated in person for an adequate treatment. abstract: The Covid 19 epidemic has modified the way that plastic surgeons can treat their patients. At our hospital all elective surgery was canceled and only the more severe cases were admitted. The outpatient department activity has been reduced also. We present the number and diagnoses of patients, treated as in- and out-patients, during seven weeks from the onset of the epidemic, comparing our activity from the lockdown of elective surgery with the numbers and diagnoses observed during the same weeks of last year. Finally we underline the importance of using telemedicine and web-based tools to transmit images of lesions that need the surgeon's evaluation, and can be used by the patient to keep in touch with a doctor during the distressing time of delay of the expected procedure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499187/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.002 id: cord-330975-2tome934 author: Pilato, Emanuele title: Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy? date: 2020-05-18 words: 426.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330975-2tome934.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330975-2tome934.txt summary: According to the last clinical and autoptic findings, COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with massive pulmonary micro embolism and pulmonary infarction caused by a wide thrombotic response to the infection [1] . Probably, a wide pulmonary embolism and a strong inflammatory response will cause a chronic pulmonary hypertension that could increase long-term mortality and morbidity of survivors. Nowadays, chronic pulmonary embolism can be effectively treated with medical therapy but in some limited cases it can require a surgical treatment [3] . Surgery for chronic pulmonary embolism is a very rare but challenging situation because it requires long surgical times and sometimes the need to deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest [4]. In the regard, however, COVID-19 could have created a wide population that will develop pulmonary hypertension due to the fibrosis and chronic embolism and that might need a surgical treatment in the next years. Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients: Awareness of an Increased Prevalence Surgical Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147956320302326 doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.05.007 id: cord-333654-8rg99di5 author: Pillai, Presaad title: COVID-19 AND MAJOR ORGAN THROMBOEMBOLISM: MANIFESTATIONS IN NEUROVASCULAR AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS. date: 2020-10-24 words: 4128.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333654-8rg99di5.txt summary: The disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has to date been responsible for more than 800,000 deaths globally, economic upheaval and significant lifestyle changes. 5, 6, 7 However, more recently immune mediated thrombosis has been a consistent finding in a significant number of patients with of Covid-19 and understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms and impact on morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 may open new avenues in disease prognostication and management. Thus, D-dimer level could potentially be an early and helpful marker to improve the management of COVID-19 and point clinicians to the possibility of silent thrombosis occurring in the pre-symptomatic stage which might dictate the natural history, progression and severity of the disease in a manner that has not been seen in previous coronavirus infections. Other significant risk factors, excluding raised D-dimer and CRP, that were associated with a high mortality rate for these patients with NVD, were comorbidities, age and increased severity of COVID-19 infection. abstract: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been shown to cause multisystemic damage. We undertook a systematic literature review and comprehensive analysis of a total of 55 articles on arterial and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 and articles on previous pandemics with respect to thromboembolism and compared the similarities and differences between them. The presence of thrombosis in multiple organ systems points to thromboembolism being an integral component in the pathogenesis of this disease. Thromboembolism is likely to be the main player in the morbidity and mortality of COVID -19 in which the pulmonary system is most severely affected. We also hypothesize that D-dimer values could be used as an early marker for prognostication of disease as it has been seen to be raised even in the pre-symptomatic stage. This further strengthens the notion that thromboembolism prevention is necessary. We also examined literature on the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems, as the manifestation of thromboembolic phenomenon in these two systems varied, suggesting different pathophysiology of damage. Further research into the role of thromboembolism in COVID-19 is important to advance the understanding of the virus, its effects and to tailor treatment accordingly to prevent further casualties from this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105427 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105427 id: cord-315556-84rgd2s9 author: Pilotto, A. title: Steroid-responsive severe encephalopathy in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-04-17 words: 2335.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315556-84rgd2s9.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for targeting central nervous system and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here we described the case of an otherwise healthy 60-year old subject with SARS-CoV-2 infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed severe progressive encephalopathy associated with mild pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia. The patient dramatically improved after high-doses steroid treatment suggesting an inflammatory-mediated brain involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 infection Recently, a study posted in medRxiv4 and still unpublished has reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 in the outbreak in China in up to 36.4% of patients hospitalized, including alteration of consciousness, headache, dizziness and delirium 6 . The here described COVID-19 case is of particular interest, as the patients presented with severe encephalopathy with only mild respiratory alterations. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for targeting central nervous system and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here we described the case of an otherwise healthy 60-year old subject with SARS-CoV-2 infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed severe progressive encephalopathy associated with mild pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia. MRI was negative whereas EEG showed theta waves on the anterior brain regions. Serum and CSF analyses excluded other known infectious or autoimmune disorders. The patient dramatically improved after high-doses steroid treatment suggesting an inflammatory-mediated brain involvement related to SARS-CoV-2 infection url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20062646 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.12.20062646 id: cord-290001-603qy8ml author: Pimentel, Lígia L. title: Cholesterol, inflammation, and phospholipids: COVID-19 share traits with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-10-17 words: 1836.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290001-603qy8ml.txt summary: COVID-19, the severe acute respiratory syndrome produced by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted to date in more than 27 million infected cases and 900000 deaths worldwide since the first reported cases in December 2019 at the Chinese city of Wuhan (for updated information readers can consult https://covid19.who.int/). Moreover, total counts of white blood cells (WBC) were significantly higher in patients in critical condition [1] and those with severe respiratory failure showed macrophage activation syndrome [4], confirmed by the presence of monocyte recruiting chemokines in bronchoalveolar fluid [2] . Furthermore, plasma lipidomic analyses have revealed a close relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and circulating lipids: a combination of larger levels of atherogenic diglycerides (DG 16:0/20:2/20:0) and triglycerides (TG 14:0/22:1/22:3), alterations of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system with decreased concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) [7] and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) [8] . Thus, it was observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects that anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL IgG) profile (>15 U/mL) was associated to disease severity (i.e.respiratory distress) while those patients have not a previous record history of thrombosis [11] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158839 doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158839 id: cord-300297-csacrppf author: Pinggera, Daniel title: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol: experiences from a state under lockdown date: 2020-07-22 words: 2625.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300297-csacrppf.txt summary: title: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on traumatic brain injuries in Tyrol: experiences from a state under lockdown We aimed to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 quarantine on traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases in Tyrol. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the largest contributor to trauma-related mortality worldwide with considerable economic and social impact, particularly, for affected individuals, their families and socioeconomic systems [1] . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the "COVID-19"-quarantine measures on neurosurgical caseload and injury pattern of TBI patients in the state of Tyrol during 3 weeks, in which the strictest quarantine rules were in place. As our department is the only neurosurgical unit in Tyrol, patients with moderate or severe TBI are transferred to our hospital, which is a level-1 trauma center by default. Regional differences in patient characteristics, case management, and outcomes in traumatic brain injury: experience from the tirilazad trials abstract: PURPOSE: In February 2020, the federal state of Tyrol in Austria has become one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tyrol is known for numerous skiing areas. Thus, winter sport resorts became a starting point for COVID-19 infections spreading towards the rest of the state, Austria and other countries, leading to a mandatory quarantine for almost a million people, who were placed under a curfew and restrictions in daily life. Additionally, all ski resorts and hotels were closed. We aimed to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 quarantine on traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases in Tyrol. METHODS: We retrospectively compared demographical and injury characteristics from all TBI patients within the 2020 strict quarantine period with the respective time periods from 2016 to 2019. As our department is the only neurosurgical unit in Tyrol, all patients with moderate or severe TBI are transferred to our hospital. RESULTS: During 3 weeks of the full quarantine period, the weekly TBI cases load decreased significantly in comparison to the same time periods in the years 2016–2019. Furthermore, concomitant skull fractures decreased significantly (p < 0.016), probably reflecting different causative mechanisms. The other demographical and injury characteristics and particularly falls at home stayed relatively unchanged. CONCLUSION: TBI remained an important contributor to the neurosurgical workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to ensure neurosurgical care also under pandemic-induced lockdown are important. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32699916/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01445-7 id: cord-273331-pu4cr3bh author: Pinkham, Amy E. title: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Individuals with Pre-existing Severe Mental Illnesses date: 2020-10-01 words: 3715.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273331-pu4cr3bh.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and affective disorders, may be at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: 148 individuals with SMI (92 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 56 with affective disorders) were recruited from ongoing ecological momentary assessment studies that sampled day-to-day experiences and symptom severity prior to the pandemic. The key aim of this report is therefore to compare prepandemic and current symptom ratings to identify the impact of the pandemic on mental health among individuals with pre-existing SMI. The effect of the pandemic on affective experiences, symptoms, and behavioral health (i.e., sleep and substance use) was then assessed via a series of repeated measures ANOVAs that used time as the within-subject variable (pre-pandemic EMA averages vs. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individuals with severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and affective disorders, may be at increased risk for negative mental health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the severity of pre-pandemic symptoms and affective experiences to current symptoms to evaluate this possibility. METHODS: 148 individuals with SMI (92 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 56 with affective disorders) were recruited from ongoing ecological momentary assessment studies that sampled day-to-day experiences and symptom severity prior to the pandemic. Participants completed a one-time phone survey that queried these same experiences/symptoms between April and June of 2020. RESULTS: Severity of affective experiences and psychotic symptoms remained stable across time, as did sleep duration. Well-being and the number of substances used increased during the early months of the pandemic. Increases in well-being were associated with being female and spending less time alone pre-pandemic. Patterns of stability/change did not differ according to diagnostic category. CONCLUSIONS: At this relatively early stage, individuals with SMI are not reporting a worsening of symptoms or affective experiences and instead appear to be resilient in the face of the pandemic. Continued assessment is needed to determine whether this resilience will persist as the pandemic progresses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120331541 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113493 id: cord-345887-ymo4mxx7 author: Pinky title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-07-13 words: 5713.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345887-ymo4mxx7.txt summary: title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 With an urgent need for the development of potential strategies, two recent studies from China using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia have shed some light on a potential cure for the COVID-19 infected patients. Also, attractive features like cell targeting, low-immunogenicity, safety, and high biocompatibility distinguish these exosomes from other synthetic nano-vesicles and thus potentiate their role as a drug delivery nano-platform. However, this study is first of its kind evaluating MSCs derived exosomes therapeutic potential for COVID-19 [45] . Some of the pre-clinical studies evaluating the effect of MSC derived exosomes on lung macrophages in various lung injury models have provided insights into the exosome derived approach as a new strategy for treating nCOV associated pathogenicity. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19 abstract: The recent pandemic situation transpired due to coronavirus novel strain SARS-CoV-2 has become a global concern. This human coronavirus (HCov-19) has put the world on high alert as the numbers of confirmed cases are continuously increasing. The world is now fighting against this deadly virus and is leaving no stone unturned to find effective treatments through testing of various available drugs, including those effective against flu, malaria, etc. With an urgent need for the development of potential strategies, two recent studies from China using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia have shed some light on a potential cure for the COVID-19 infected patients. However, MSCs, despite being used in various other clinical trials have always been questioned for their tendency to aggregate or form clumps in the injured or disease microenvironment. It has also been reported in various studies that exosomes secreted by these MSCs, contribute towards the cell’s biological and therapeutic efficacy. There have been reports evaluating the safety and feasibility of these exosomes in various lung diseases, thereby proposing them as a cell-free therapeutic agent. Also, attractive features like cell targeting, low-immunogenicity, safety, and high biocompatibility distinguish these exosomes from other synthetic nano-vesicles and thus potentiate their role as a drug delivery nano-platform. Building upon these observations, herein, efforts are made to give an overview of stem cell-derived exosomes as an appealing therapeutic agent and drug delivery nano-carrier. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the recent evidence and developments in understanding exosomes as a promising candidate for novel nano-intervention in the current pandemic scenario. Furthermore, this review will highlight and discuss mechanistic role of exosomes to combat severe lung pathological conditions. We have also attempted to dwell into the nano-formulation of exosomes for its better applicability, storage, and stability thereby conferring them as off the shelf therapeutic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661867/ doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10002-z id: cord-351276-eatlugrm author: Pinna, Graziano title: Sex and COVID-19: A protective role for reproductive steroids date: 2020-11-09 words: 2345.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351276-eatlugrm.txt summary: Female reproductive steroids, estrogen and progesterone and its metabolite, allopregnanolone are anti-inflammatory, reshape competence of immune cells, stimulate antibody production and promote proliferation and respiratory epithelial cell repair suggesting they may protect against COVID-19 symptoms. Estradiol and progesterone exerts peripheral and neuronal functions mediated by genomic influencing nuclear hormone receptors, are anti-inflammatory, reshape competence of immune cells and stimulate antibody production. In addition to the well-known role of progesterone in reproduction, this steroid regulates important immunomodulatory functions, including reshaping the competence of immune cells and inducing potent anti-inflammatory actions. Combination of estradiol with progesterone showed the strongest protective effects in the lungs after the stimulation of the inflammatory cascade involving toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) function in cultured alveolar macrophages [6] . The anti-inflammatory action, the role in reshaping immunocompetence and increasing number of immune cells, and the stimulation of higher antibodies concentrations against viral infections raise the hypothesis that these reproductive steroids may be beneficial to prevent or improve COVID-19 symptom severity and mortality. abstract: Evidence shows COVID-19-induced symptom severity and mortality are more frequent in men than in women suggesting sex steroids may play a protective role. Female reproductive steroids, estrogen and progesterone and its metabolite, allopregnanolone are anti-inflammatory, reshape competence of immune cells, stimulate antibody production and promote proliferation and respiratory epithelial cell repair suggesting they may protect against COVID-19 symptoms. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043276020302228?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.004 id: cord-267287-qodj254z author: Pintado, Juan F. title: How COVID-19 has affected Emergent Visits to a Latin-American Trauma Department: Experience at a Peruvian National Trauma Referral Center date: 2020-11-03 words: 3661.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267287-qodj254z.txt summary: The current study''s overall aim was to examine the impact of the current COVID-19 outbreak on the number of non-COVID-related patient presentations to a major national emergency traumatology/orthopedics referral center in Latin America. Numbers of non-follow-up patients presenting to the traumatology/ orthopedics service were counted and compared between January through April 2019 and January through April 2020; and between the month immediately prior to the Peruvian government''s implementation of national lock-down measures (Feb 16—Mar 15; Period 1) and the month immediately following (Mar 16—Apr 15; Period 2). Our institute, which performs more trauma and orthopedic surgeries than any other center in Peru [6] , was declared a national referral center for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the pandemic. On the other hand, strengths include it being the first to report on the impact of the present global crisis on Latin-American traumatology and orthopedic services, and that our institution is our country''s largest tertiary referral center for trauma cases within the Peruvian National Health Service. abstract: Introduction: By May 2020, Peru was the country with the third most COVID-19 cases in the Americas. The current study's overall aim was to examine the impact of the current COVID-19 outbreak on the number of non-COVID-related patient presentations to a major national emergency traumatology/orthopedics referral center in Latin America. Methods: An observational study was performed at one of Peru's main tertiary trauma referral centers, during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers of non-follow-up patients presenting to the traumatology/ orthopedics service were counted and compared between January through April 2019 and January through April 2020; and between the month immediately prior to the Peruvian government's implementation of national lock-down measures (Feb 16—Mar 15; Period 1) and the month immediately following (Mar 16—Apr 15; Period 2). The number of surgery service hospitalizations also was compared pre- versus post lockdown initiation (Period 1 vs. 2), as were patient characteristics and outcomes, like age, sex, discharge disposition, mortality, indications for hospital admission, and COVID-19 status. Results: Comparing 2019 and 2020, no appreciable differences were detected in the number of patients seen in either January or February. However, relative to March and April 2019, the numbers of patients seen in March and April 2020 (the two months after the first Peruvian case of COVID-19 was detected) were reduced by 55.8 and 88.6%, respectively. Comparing the months immediately pre and post lockdown, the number of service patients declined by 79.9% in April, while the number of hospitalizations declined by 30.9%. The number of admissions for various surgical indications either remained stable or declined in parallel with the overall decline in admissions for all indications except for osteoporotic hip fractures and diabetic foot ulcers (both of which increased proportional to the overall number of admissions) and for hand and foot fractures, both of which decreased. Conclusion: At our hospital, not all indications for traumatology/orthopedics service utilization declined despite the national government's directive to reduce non-COVID-related consultations and admissions. Some disorders presented with even greater frequency, which must be considered when developing contingencies for the reallocation of healthcare resources during a pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002013832030930X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.005 id: cord-031143-a1qyadm6 author: Pinto Neto, Osmar title: Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-30 words: 5288.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031143-a1qyadm6.txt summary: RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. The red circles (deaths) and blue circles (active cases) indicate real data up to June 18 Table 3 Inverse of the model optimized coefficients of γ, δ, ζ, and ε representing latent, infectious, hospitalization, and critical cases mean duration in days, as well as the model estimated basic reproductive number (R 0 ) and the death rate (DR) for June 18, 2020, for Germany, Brazil, Spain, Italy, South Korea, Portugal, Switzerland, Thailand, and USA, respectively. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, China reported a series of atypical pneumonia cases caused by a new Coronavirus, called COVID-19. In response to the rapid global dissemination of the virus, on the 11th of Mars, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak a pandemic. Considering this situation, this paper intends to analyze and improve the current SEIR models to better represent the behavior of the COVID-19 and accurately predict the outcome of the pandemic in each social, economic, and political scenario. METHODOLOGY: We present a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model and test it using a global optimization algorithm with data collected from the WHO. RESULTS: The main results were: (a) Our model was able to accurately fit the either deaths or active cases data of all tested countries using optimized coefficient values in agreement with recent reports; (b) when trying to fit both sets of data at the same time, fit was good for most countries, but not all. (c) Using our model, large ranges for each input, and optimization we predict death values for 15, 30, 45, and 60 days ahead with errors in the order of 5, 10, 20, and 80%, respectively; (d) sudden changes in the number of active cases cannot be predicted by the model unless data from outside sources are used. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the presented model may be used to predict 15 days ahead values of total deaths with errors in the order of 5%. These errors may be minimized if social distance data are inputted into the model. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456444/ doi: 10.1007/s42600-020-00084-6 id: cord-305068-9qh8vgtc author: Pinto Pereira, João title: Management of COVID-19 Coagulopathy in a Patient with Severe Haemophilia A date: 2020-09-25 words: 1555.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305068-9qh8vgtc.txt summary: A 54-year-old man with a long history of severe haemophilia A treated prophylactically with efmoroctocog alpha (3,000 IU twice weekly) was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. As illustrated by the following observation, this would be more particularly the case for patients with severe haemophilia requiring intensive care and invasive procedures. With a medical history of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, our patient was particularly illustrative of the population at risk for COVID-19 infection, independently from his history of bleeding disorder [3] . Few data are currently available regarding haemophilic patients requiring invasive procedures following ICU admission for COVID-19 severe infection, with a difficult balance between thromboprophylaxis and prevention of bleeding complications. Our case illustrates that factor VIII concentrates present several desirable features to correct the haemostatic defect in haemophilia A patients with severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: A 54-year-old man with a long history of severe haemophilia A treated prophylactically with efmoroctocog alpha (3,000 IU twice weekly) was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. He had multiple risk factors for COVID-19 severity including obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He required prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay due to the severity of respiratory failure until his death on day 24. During his ICU stay, he received a continuous infusion of efmoroctocog alpha in order to maintain factor VIII activity between 80 and 100%, together with therapeutic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin targeting anti-Xa activity above 0.5 IU/mol. He tolerated numerous invasive procedures without bleeding. At post-mortem examination, there was no evidence for thrombosis or haemorrhage in the different organs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32980842/ doi: 10.1159/000510591 id: cord-263736-n4mjdlgx author: Pinto, A. C. P. N. title: Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis date: 2020-05-06 words: 2256.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263736-n4mjdlgx.txt summary: title: Pharmacological interventions for COVID-19: Protocol for a Rapid Living Systematic Review with network meta-analysis This is the protocol for a rapid living systematic review that aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: rapid living systematic review methodology with Network Meta-Analysis following the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). We will perform a rapid living systematic review methodology with network metaanalysis following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Handbook (7) . We believe this rapid systematic review with network meta-analysis and extensive searches will be able to summarize the current available evidence on pharmacological treatments and to provide important information for clinical decision-making on COVID-19 that has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread. Although extraordinary efforts have been made on research regarding pharmacological interventions, none have proven effective. This is the protocol for a rapid living systematic review that aims to compare the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacological interventions for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: rapid living systematic review methodology with Network Meta-Analysis following the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCTs that evaluate single and/or combined pharmacological interventions at any dose for the treatment of COVID-19. We will search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, Scopus and SciELO to identify potentially eligible studies. No language restrictions will be used in the selection. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.02.20088823v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088823 id: cord-352526-t8odetzw author: Pinto, Bruna G G title: ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-11 words: 3032.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352526-t8odetzw.txt summary: Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. The molecular mechanism responsible for the increased disease severity in patients with these comorbidities is not fully understood, but previous studies suggest a role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (5) . Here, we showed that the expression of the gene encoding the ACE2 receptor in lung tissue is upregulated by diseases representing comorbidities along with COVID-19. abstract: Patients who died from COVID-19 often had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung disease. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is crucial for SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells, no study has systematically assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. This finding suggests that patients with such comorbidities may have higher chances of developing severe COVID-19. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. Our systems biology approach offers a possible explanation for increase of COVID-19 severity in patients with certain comorbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32526012/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa332 id: cord-282339-a1ln2v2p author: Pinto, Daniel title: The role of breast FNA during and post‐ COVID‐19 pandemic: a fast and safe alternative to needle core biopsy date: 2020-07-23 words: 1908.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282339-a1ln2v2p.txt summary: We would invite the reader to challenge their preconceptions of breast FNABs: not only have ancillary tests have been shown to be viable on both smears and cell blocks but, in 2019, the Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology was developed and validated, enabling an accurate and reproducible categorization of breast lesions, significantly reducing the need for follow‐up CNBs. Thus, the major limitations of breast FNABs have been addressed. (21, 22 ) When compared to fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), CNBs have some advantages, such as enabling the assessment of suspicious microcalcifications detected by mammography, distinguishing in situ from invasive lesions and providing material for performing theranostic biomarkers, enabling personalized therapy. One could also argue that, given the minimal invasive nature of the FNAB procedure, the risk of infection from a asymptomatic COVID-19 patient should be low, and even lower when compared to a CNB procedure which may involve more personnel and time to perform. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been very taxing to healthcare systems worldwide. As resources are diverted to treat COVID‐19, capacity for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of other diseases is reduced, resulting in delays and waiting lists. This is particularly important in the context of oncology, namely breast cancer. All patients with suspicious breast lesions need pathological confirmation of malignancy in order to be treated; unfortunately, many of these procedures have been delayed. Nowadays these lesions are usually diagnosed using core needle biopsies (CNB). When compared to fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB), they are perceived to be more precise and provide better material for biomarker testing. However, FNABs are quicker to perform, less costly and minimally invasive, which would seem advantageous in the context of growing waiting lists. We would invite the reader to challenge their preconceptions of breast FNABs: not only have ancillary tests have been shown to be viable on both smears and cell blocks but, in 2019, the Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology was developed and validated, enabling an accurate and reproducible categorization of breast lesions, significantly reducing the need for follow‐up CNBs. Thus, the major limitations of breast FNABs have been addressed. Furthermore, they are less invasive, leading to a lower risk of infection for personnel when standard biosafety procedures are followed. The right tool must be chosen for the right task. In the world of COVID‐19, FNABs may yet again prove a valuable and even essential diagnostic tool for symptomatic breast lesions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32705731/ doi: 10.1111/cyt.12894 id: cord-350540-s6is9ndm author: Pinto, Rogério M. title: COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers date: 2020-04-28 words: 2028.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350540-s6is9ndm.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Pandemic Disrupts HIV Continuum of Care and Prevention: Implications for Research and Practice Concerning Community-Based Organizations and Frontline Providers Community-based organizations (CBOs) employ frontline service providers-social workers, health educators, navigators-to help (1) individuals of unknown HIV status access testing; (2) those at high-risk for HIV but who test negative to access physicians who can prescribe PrEP; Nonetheless, community-engaged research suggests that, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these frontline providers had not been consistent in how often or in how they linked clients to care continuum services. Providers having day-to-day interactions with clients in primary care, outpatient, and prevention settings are poised to help PLWH and vulnerable individuals overcome HIV-related stigma, PrEP stigma, inadequate health insurance, and can help improve HIV testing rates [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02893-3 doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02893-3 id: cord-328214-2azb8789 author: Piper-Vallillo, Andrew J. title: COVID-19 Infection in a Lung Cancer Patient Population: Incidence, Presentation and Alternative Diagnostic Considerations date: 2020-11-12 words: 4113.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328214-2azb8789.txt summary: Methods To determine an at-risk population for COVID-19, we retrospectively identified lung cancer patients receiving longitudinal care within a single institution in the 12 months (4/1/19 – 3/31/20) immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, including an "active therapy population" treated within the last 60 days of this period. Rates of hospitalization and mortality amongst patients J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f who received any versus no systemic therapy or radiation for lung cancer within 30 days of COVID-19 positivity were compared using Fisher''s exact test. Hospitalization rates and mortality were slightly higher among COVID-19-positive patients on active therapy within the preceding 30 days, but this was not statistically significant (Supplemental Table 3 In this study, we retrospectively estimated the incidence of COVID-19 among a thoracic oncology population within a tertiary academic medical center in one of the early epicenters in the United States. abstract: Introduction Lung cancer is associated with severe COVID-19 infections. Symptom overlap between COVID-19 and lung cancer may complicate diagnostic evaluation. We aimed to investigate the incidence, symptoms, differential diagnosis, and outcomes of COVID-19 in lung cancer patients. Methods To determine an at-risk population for COVID-19, we retrospectively identified lung cancer patients receiving longitudinal care within a single institution in the 12 months (4/1/19 – 3/31/20) immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, including an “active therapy population” treated within the last 60 days of this period. Among patients subsequently referred for COVID-19 testing, we compared symptoms, laboratory/radiographic findings, and outcomes of positive versus negative patients. Results Between 4/1/2019-3/31/2020, 696 patients received longitudinal care, including 406 (58%) in the active therapy population. Among 55 patients referred for COVID-19 testing, 24 (44%) were COVID-19 positive, representing a cumulative incidence of 3.4% (longitudinal population) and 1.5% (active therapy population). Compared to COVID-19-negative patients, COVID-19-positive patients were more likely to have a supplemental oxygen requirement (11% vs. 54%, p=0.005) and to have typical COVID-19 pneumonia imaging findings (5 vs. 56%, p=0.001). Otherwise, there were no significant differences in presenting symptoms. Among COVID-negative patients, alternative etiologies included treatment-related toxicity (26%), atypical pneumonia (22%), and disease progression (22%). Sixteen COVID-19-postive patients (67%) required hospitalization, and 7 (29%) died from COVID-related complications. Conclusions COVID-19 was infrequent in this lung cancer population, but these patients experienced high rates of morbidity and mortality. Oncologists should maintain a low threshold for COVID-19 testing in lung cancer patients presenting with acute symptoms. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666364320301752?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100124 id: cord-309441-obojsf04 author: Pirau, Letitia title: Case Series: Evidence of Borderzone Ischemia in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who “Do Not Wake Up” date: 2020-09-23 words: 2739.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309441-obojsf04.txt summary: We conclude that critically-ill COVID-19 patients with prolonged coma following sedation discontinuation may demonstrate imaging features of ischemic injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of documented sustained hypotension or hypoxia. In this report, we describe the clinical course, radiological findings, and outcome of two such COVID-19 patients, initially intubated for ARDS while neurologically intact, who demonstrated prolonged unresponsiveness following discontinuation of sedation, with evidence of borderzone ischemia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. An MRI of the brain scan performed 29 days following initial presentation demonstrated multifocal regions of hyperintensity on Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) with a corresponding hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) borderzones (Figure 2) . Critically-ill COVID-19 patients who remain comatose for prolonged periods following discontinuation of sedation may demonstrate features of hypoperfusion injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of sustained severe hypotension or hypoxia. abstract: This article describes the clinical course, radiological findings, and outcome of two patients with the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who remained comatose for a prolonged duration following discontinuation of all sedation. These two male patients, one aged 59-years and another aged 53-years, both with a history of hypertension and neurologically intact on admission, developed worsening COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both required benzodiazepine, opioid, neuromuscular blockade, therapeutic anticoagulation, and vasopressor infusions in addition to renal replacement therapy. Echocardiography demonstrated normal chamber size and systolic function in both cases. Each patient demonstrated only trace flexion to pain 7–10 days following discontinuation of all sedation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging on both patients demonstrated multifocal lesions on diffusion weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient correlate in bilateral middle/anterior cerebral artery borderzones, and no large-vessel occlusion or severe stenosis. In both patients, continuous electroencephalography demonstrated no seizures. Neither patient had any documented period of sustained hypotension (mean arterial pressure <60 mmHg) or hypoxia (SpO(2) <90%). Ninety days following initial presentation, the 59-years-old man was oriented, with fluent speech and able to ambulate with assistance, while the other 53-years-old man was at home and independent, undertaking the basic activities required by daily living. We conclude that critically-ill COVID-19 patients with prolonged coma following sedation discontinuation may demonstrate imaging features of ischemic injury in borderzone regions despite the absence of documented sustained hypotension or hypoxia. However, substantial neurological recovery is possible despite these findings. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00964 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00964 id: cord-269484-jjbctg96 author: Piraux, Arthur title: Covigie, une plateforme pour les soignants et les coordonnateurs d’équipes de soins date: 2020-10-20 words: 2077.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269484-jjbctg96.txt summary: F Le projet Covigie est né d''un constat simple : les autorités sanitaires ne disposaient pas de relais d''infor mation structurés leur permettant d''avoir une vision agrégée et actualisée des retours d''expérience des profes sionnels de santé de premier recours, en première ligne de la lutte contre la Covid-19. F Dans un premier temps, l''un des éléments qui a préoccupé les soignants, avant même leur propre sécurité et donc l''accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, a été la diminution du recours aux soins des patients atteints d''une pathologie aiguë, autre que la Covid-19, ou chronique. Mise en place très rapidement, au coeur de la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19, la plateforme Covigie avait pour vocation d''être l''outil de tous les professionnels de santé de premier recours, permettant une remontée rapide d''informations pertinentes depuis le terrain jusqu''aux autorités de tutelle, en charge des décisions. abstract: Covigie is a free online platform set up in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic. It has enabled all caregivers and coordinators of primary care teams to report in real time the initiatives, observations, questions and problems encountered in the fight against the new coronavirus. The Covigie team summarised the information from the various contributions received, individual or collective, sent them to the health authorities and shared them with the caregivers. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpha.2020.08.014 doi: 10.1016/j.actpha.2020.08.014 id: cord-353365-ujz5nkk3 author: Pirnay, Jean-Paul title: Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Belgian Military Education and Training Center in Maradi, Niger date: 2020-08-27 words: 4773.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353365-ujz5nkk3.txt summary: The medical military command implemented testing of all Belgian soldiers for SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibodies, two to three days before their departure on a mission abroad or on the high seas, and for specific missions immediately upon their return in Belgium. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Belgian military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, was characterized by mild symptoms in five soldiers and asymptomatic infection in two soldiers (one trainer), both having a viral load, as diagnosed upon their timely return to Belgium. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a Belgian military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, was characterized by mild symptoms in five soldiers and asymptomatic infection in two soldiers (one trainer), both having a viral load, as diagnosed upon their timely return to Belgium. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compromises the ability of military forces to fulfill missions. At the beginning of May 2020, 22 out of 70 Belgian soldiers deployed to a military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, developed mild COVID-19 compatible symptoms. Immediately upon their return to Belgium, and two weeks later, all seventy soldiers were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (RT-qPCR) and antibodies (two immunoassays). Nine soldiers had at least one positive COVID-19 diagnostic test result. Five of them exhibited COVID-19 symptoms (mainly anosmia, ageusia, and fever), while four were asymptomatic. In four soldiers, SARS-CoV-2 viral load was detected and the genomes were sequenced. Conventional and genomic epidemiological data suggest that these genomes have an African most recent common ancestor and that the Belgian military service men were infected through contact with locals. The medical military command implemented testing of all Belgian soldiers for SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibodies, two to three days before their departure on a mission abroad or on the high seas, and for specific missions immediately upon their return in Belgium. Some military operational settings (e.g., training camps in austere environments and ships) were also equipped with mobile infectious disease (COVID-19) testing capacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867108/ doi: 10.3390/v12090949 id: cord-354330-pud2rqxk author: Pirzada, Abdul Rouf title: Management of Aerosol during Noninvasive Ventilation for Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Important Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 3206.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354330-pud2rqxk.txt summary: The procedures that are believed to have a potential to generate aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens include positive pressure ventilation (bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)), endotracheal intubation, airway suction, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, tracheostomy, chest physiotherapy, nebulizer treatment, sputum induction, and bronchoscopy [5] [6] [7] . In the hospital, the procedures that are believed to or have a potential to generate aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens include positive pressure ventilation (BiPAP and CPAP), endotracheal intubation, airway suction, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, tracheostomy, chest physiotherapy, nebulizer treatment, sputum induction, and bronchoscopy [5, 8] . NIV in hospital, in a setting of suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19, warrants infectious disease protocol of isolation in negative pressure room preferably with an anteroom and attached washroom (well ventilated) and personal protective equipment for attending staff; however, it is not possible in high volume patient inflow. abstract: With the advent of COVID-19 infection and its rapid spread, preventive strategies are being developed worldwide, besides following the universal infection control guidelines. Prevention of spread through aerosol generation is one of the essential strategies in this regard, particularly for patients with sleep-disordered breathing at home and during hospital admission. Aerosols are produced, at home and in health care facilities, by natural processes and aerosol-generating procedures. To address this impinging problem, aerosol-generating procedures, like non-invasive ventilation (NIV), are to be handled meticulously, which might warrant isolation and sometimes device/interface modifications. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-020-00092-7 doi: 10.1007/s41782-020-00092-7 id: cord-264462-4vfk99f5 author: Piscoya, A. title: Efficacy and harms of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-27 words: 3555.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264462-4vfk99f5.txt summary: Methods: Systematic review in five engines, pre-print webpages and RCT registries until May 22, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating remdesivir on confirmed, COVID-19 adults with pneumonia and/or respiratory insufficiency. We performed a systematic review of RCTs and observational studies (cohort studies, case series) evaluating the effects of remdesivir in adult hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed patients. In adult, hospitalized, RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with respiratory insufficiency or pneumonia, there was scarce data on efficacy and safety associated with the use of 10-day remdesivir regimens. 6 There is paucity of adequately powered and fully reported RCTs evaluating efficacy and harms of remdesivir use in adult, hospitalized, severely-ill COVID-19 patients. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Remdesivir in Adult Patients with Severe Pneumonia caused by COVID-19 virus Infection: study protocol for a Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicentre trial abstract: Background: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: Systematic review in five engines, pre-print webpages and RCT registries until May 22, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating remdesivir on confirmed, COVID-19 adults with pneumonia and/or respiratory insufficiency. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, clinical improvement or recovery, need for invasive ventilation, and serious adverse events (SAE). Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, progression of pneumonia, and adverse events (AE). Inverse variance random effects meta-analyses were performed. Results: Two placebo-controlled RCTs (n=1300) and two case series (n=88) were included. All studies used remdesivir 200mg IV the first day and 100mg IV for 9 more days, and followed up until 28 days. Wang et al. RCT was stopped early due to AEs; ACTT-1 was preliminary reported at 15-day follow up. Time to clinical improvement was not decreased in Wang et al. RCT, but median time to recovery was decreased by 4 days in ACTT-1. Remdesivir did not decrease all-cause mortality (RR 0.71, 95%CI 0.39 to 1.28) and need for invasive ventilation at 14 days (RR 0.57, 95%CI 0.23 to 1.42), but had fewer SAEs (RR 0.77, 95%CI 0.63 to 0.94). AEs were similar between remdesivir and placebo arms. Risk of bias ranged from some concerns to high risk in RCTs. Interpretation: There is paucity of adequately powered and fully reported RCTs evaluating effects of remdesivir in adult, hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Remdesivir should not be recommended for the treatment of severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20109595 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20109595 id: cord-279046-wk4ja15k author: Pissurno, Neisa Santos Carvalho Alves title: Anosmia in the course of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-07-31 words: 1997.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279046-wk4ja15k.txt summary: Although individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be asymptomatic, the disease may also present as a mild upper respiratory tract illness; however, many patients experience severe viral pneumonia that leads to respiratory failure, and, in many cases, death. Herein, we describe a case of a COVID-19 patient that presented with anosmia but did not experience any nasopharyngeal mucosa abnormalities during the course of the disease. Although olfactory dysfunction has been reported as a rare manifestation of many viruses, [6] including severe acute respiratory syndrome during the 2003 epidemic, [7] more recently, anosmia has been identified in many cases reported in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the details of the disease course and recovery of olfactory function can guide clinical management for cases of COVID-19 who experience anosmia. Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of a case abstract: RATIONALE: A sudden onset of anosmia has been recently recognized as a symptom of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). PATIENT CONCERNS: Here, we describe a case of complete anosmia in a young male with COVID-19. Although he had fever and odynophagia, no abnormalities were observed in his nasopharyngeal mucosa, suggesting that his anosmia resulted from olfactory neuropathy. DIAGNOSES: COVID-19 was confirmed by RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab specimen. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received olfactory training and B complex vitamins. OUTCOMES: On day 30, the patient reported complete recovery of his sense of smell. LESSONS: As early diagnosis is fundamental to control the spread of COVID-19 infection, we emphasize that anosmia identified in febrile cases during the COVID-19 epidemic may be a symptom indicative of the disease. Moreover, COVID-19-related anosmia can be completely reversible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756107/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021280 id: cord-336447-hpnkou41 author: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 words: 6148.0 sentences: 396.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt summary: Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. 7, 8 This paper reviews the microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as its socio-economic impact. In the early days of the pandemic great effort was invested into understanding the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, 9 so as to provide a basis for discovery of an effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and/or a safe and efficacious drug to cure it, or at the least, to ameliorate its symptoms, shorten its duration, and/ or block its mechanism of transmission. 59 Unfortunately, to date, no human genetic markers predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection, nor the severity of COVID-19, have been found-although recent isolated exceptions to this statement can be found. abstract: In December 2019, the first cases of a new contagious disease were diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Within a short period of time the outbreak developed exponentially into a pandemic that infected millions of people, with a global death toll of more than 500,000 during its first 6 months. Eventually, the novel disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the new virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Similar to all known pandemics throughout history, COVID-19 has been accompanied by a large degree of fear, anxiety, uncertainty, and economic disaster worldwide. Despite multiple publications and increasing knowledge regarding the biological secrets of SARS-CoV-2, as of the writing of this paper, there is neither an approved vaccine nor medication to prevent infection or cure for this highly infectious disease. Past pandemics were caused by a wide range of microbes, primarily viruses, but also bacteria. Characteristically, a significant proportion of them originated in different animal species (zoonoses). Since an understanding of the microbial cause of these diseases was unveiled relatively late in human history, past pandemics were often attributed to strange causes including punishment from God, demonic activity, or volatile unspecified substances. Although a high case fatality ratio was common to all pandemic diseases, some striking clinical characteristics of each disease allowed contemporaneous people to clinically diagnose the infection despite null microbiological information. In comparison to past pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 has tricky and complex mechanisms that have facilitated its rapid and catastrophic spread worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10418 doi: 10.5041/rmmj.10418 id: cord-278826-096v6taj author: Pitscheider, Lea title: Muscle involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection date: 2020-09-30 words: 2645.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278826-096v6taj.txt summary: The present study aimed to investigate muscle involvement in an Austrian cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection by analysing CK values, their evolution over the first 2 weeks of the disease course, the relationship to general markers of inflammation and disease severity. In the hyperCKemia population, CK was significantly higher in the influenza ICU (1611; 579 -1776 U/l) than in the COVID-19 ICU population (406; 28-643 U/l), while CRP did not differ between groups (COVIDThe main findings of the present study are that hyperCKemia is frequent in Austrian patients and CK levels correlate with various markers of inflammation in COVID-19 disease. The higher percentage of hyperCKemia in the present study might be explained by differences in disease severity, as CRP was less in the study by Mao [1] , which is also supported by the strong correlation of CRP Accepted Article and other inflammatory markers with CK levels. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic several reports indicated neurological involvement in COVID‐19 disease. Muscle involvement has also been reported as evidenced by creatine kinase (CK) elevations and reports of myalgia. METHODS: CK, markers of inflammation, pre‐existing diseases and statin use were extracted from records of Austrian hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Disease severity was classified as severe in case of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or mortality. COVID‐19 patients were additionally compared to a historical group of hospitalized influenza patients. RESULTS: 351 patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 and 258 with influenza were included in the final analysis. CK was elevated in 27% of COVID‐19 and in 28% of influenza patients. CK was higher in severe COVID‐19 as were markers of inflammation. CK correlated significantly with inflammation markers, which had an independent impact on CK when adjusted for demographic variables and disease severity. Compared to influenza patients, COVID‐19 patients were older, more frequent male, had more comorbidities and more frequently a severe disease course. Nevertheless, influenza patients had higher baseline CK than COVID‐19, and 35.7% of ICU admitted patients had CK levels > 1000 U/l compared to only 4.7% of ICU‐admitted COVID‐19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: HyperCKemia occurs in a similar frequency in COVID‐19 and influenza infection. CK levels were lower in COVID‐19 than in influenza in mild and severe disease. CK levels strongly correlate with disease severity and markers of inflammation. To date it remains unclear whether hyperCKemia is due to a virus‐triggered inflammatory response or direct muscle toxicity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32997370/ doi: 10.1111/ene.14564 id: cord-346501-6e91kt6c author: Pitt, Michael B title: Novel Educational Responses to COVID-19: What is Here to Stay? date: 2020-06-06 words: 970.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346501-6e91kt6c.txt summary: In this issue of Academic Pediatrics, we feature ten innovations that highlight novel educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Submissions were reviewed for innovation, outcome, and sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic by three educational researchers blinded to author name and institution. Papers describing virtual learning included modifications to existing conferences (e.g., morning report, grand rounds, boot camp) (n=55; 47%), conversion of electives (n=22; 19%) or clerkships (n=16; 14%), virtual simulation (n=18; 15%), and approaches to equip learners to advocate for patients and populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=7; 4%). 11 COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges, requiring educational innovations to ensure trainees continue to learn to provide high-quality, evidence-based care, advocate for patients and populations, and maintain wellness. We believe the papers featured in this issue highlight innovative educational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and serve as a foundation for shaping future medical education. Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876285920302412 doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.002 id: cord-275556-798oed8n author: Piubelli, Chiara title: Overall decrease of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reduction of clinical burden: the experience of a Northern Italy hospital date: 2020-10-12 words: 610.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275556-798oed8n.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: In Italy the burden of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) gradually decreased from March to the end of May. In this work, we aimed at evaluating a possible association between the severity of clinical manifestations and viral load over time, during the epidemiological transition from high to low transmission setting. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. The proportion of patients requiring intensive care significantly reduced from 6.7% ( We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive 46 care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. As the epidemiological context changes 47 from high to low transmission setting, people are presumably exposed to a lower viral load, which 48 has been previously associated to less severe clinical manifestations. abstract: OBJECTIVES: In Italy the burden of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) gradually decreased from March to the end of May. In this work, we aimed at evaluating a possible association between the severity of clinical manifestations and viral load over time, during the epidemiological transition from high to low transmission setting. METHODS: We reviewed the cases of Covid-19 diagnosed at the Emergency Room of our hospital, retrieving the proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. A raw estimation of the viral load was done evaluating the Ct (cycle threshold) trend obtained from our diagnostic Reverse Transcriptase real-time PCR test. RESULTS: The proportion of patients requiring intensive care significantly reduced from 6.7% (19/281) in March, to 1.1% (1/86) in April, and to none in May (Fisher’s test p-value=0.0067). As for viral load, we observed a trend of Ct increasing from a median value of 24 (IQR 19-29) to 34 (IQR 29-37) between March and May, with a statistically significant difference between March and April (Pairwise Wilcoxon test with Stepdown Bonferroni Adjustment for multiple testing, p=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction over time of the proportion of patients with Covid-19 requiring intensive care, along with decreasing median values of viral load. As the epidemiological context changes from high to low transmission setting, people are presumably exposed to a lower viral load, which has been previously associated to less severe clinical manifestations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.006 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.006 id: cord-276359-syr9av09 author: Piva, Simone title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy date: 2020-04-14 words: 3312.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276359-syr9av09.txt summary: title: Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy In addition to describing the clinical management of such patients, this study details a proposed severity scale that was used to communicate with non-intensivists for management and triage, and for a step-up approach to drug therapy including antivirals, desamethasone and selective cytokine blockers. Creation of a severity scale to assess patients with COVID is of value to hospitals and physicians facing such shortages. The pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19, has resulted in massive strain in healthcare systems in several countries. The experience of Lombardy is interesting in that despite Italy having the third most number of ICU beds per capita, after the United States and Germany, physicians have had to limit resources due to shortages [1] . abstract: PURPOSE: An ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in Hubei, China has resulted in massive strain on the healthcare infrastructure in Lombardy, Italy. The management of these patients is still evolving. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center observational cohort study of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. Bedside clinicians abstracted daily patient data on history, treatment, and short-term course. We describe management and a proposed severity scale for treatment used in this hospital. RESULTS: 44 patients were enrolled; with incomplete information on 11. Of the 33 studied patients, 91% were male, median age 64; 88% were overweight or obese. 45% were hypertensive, 12% had been taking an ACE-inhibitor. Noninvasive ventilation was performed on 39% of patients for part or all or their ICU stay with no provider infection. Most patients received antibiotics for pneumonia. Patients also received lopinivir/ritonavir (82%), hydroxychloroquine (79%), and tocilizumab (12%) according to this treatment algorithm. Nine of 10 patients survived their ICU course and were transferred to the floor, with one dying in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients with COVID-19 frequently have hypertension. Many could be managed with noninvasive ventilation, despite the risk of aerosolization. The use of a severity scale augmented clinician management. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.04.004 id: cord-316395-o9nblj5i author: Pizzini, Alex title: Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on COVID-19—A Prospective Analysis from the CovILD Registry date: 2020-09-11 words: 3437.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316395-o9nblj5i.txt summary: PTH concentrations were increased in patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, while VITD levels were not significantly different between disease severity groups. The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern leading to a substantial need for patient hospitalization, treatment at intensive care units (ICUs), and invasive ventilation [1] [2] [3] . This prospective, multicentre, observational study includes patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, based on typical clinical presentation and a positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR test. The herein-presented analysis of the CovILD study cohort shows that 25(OH)D deficiency is common among COVID-19 patients, whereas a causal implication of VitD metabolism on its disease course remains uncertain. First, the CovILD trial was designed as an observational study to detect the rate of persistent lung injury after a severe course of COVID-19, therefore the here presented results must be interpreted carefully in the context of VITD deficiency, especially because predominantly patients with severe disease course were included. abstract: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health concern. Vitamin D (VITD) deficiency has been suggested to alter SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and the course of disease. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations of VITD status to disease presentation within the CovILD registry. This prospective, multicenter, observational study on long-term sequelae includes patients with COVID-19 after hospitalization or outpatients with persistent symptoms. Eight weeks after PCR confirmed diagnosis, a detailed questionnaire, a clinical examination, and laboratory testing, including VITD status, were evaluated. Furthermore, available laboratory specimens close to hospital admission were used to retrospectively analyze 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at disease onset. A total of 109 patients were included in the analysis (60% males, 40% females), aged 58 ± 14 years. Eight weeks after the onset of COVID-19, a high proportion of patients presented with impaired VITD metabolism and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. PTH concentrations were increased in patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, while VITD levels were not significantly different between disease severity groups. Low VITD levels at disease onset or at eight-week follow-up were not related to persistent symptom burden, lung function impairment, ongoing inflammation, or more severe CT abnormalities. VITD deficiency is frequent among COVID-19 patients but not associated with disease outcomes. However, individuals with severe disease display a disturbed parathyroid-vitamin-D axis within their recovery phase. The proposed significance of VITD supplementation in the clinical management of COVID-19 remains elusive. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092775 doi: 10.3390/nu12092775 id: cord-323943-9916y6x0 author: Platt, Daniel E title: Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date: 2020-04-21 words: 4149.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt summary: Therefore, we sought to understand whether the parameters of epidemic models could be determined from the trajectory of infections, recovery, and hospitalizations prior to peak, and also to evaluate the quality and comparability of data between jurisdictions reporting their statistics necessary for the analysis of model parameters across populations. Beside host and viral genetic impacts, other aspects driving SARS-COV-2 rates are population specific and demic, such as the impact of age on both asymptomatic and mild cases, as well as the proportion of severe and critical cases. In this paper, we seek to identify the limitations of using compartmental models to estimate or test hypotheses concerning parameters governing the growth of SARS-COV-2 epidemics. Therefore, infected population growth may be more closely reflected in the fraction of positive results normalized by total number of tests applied, in spite of very highly biased sampling selection. The rate of growth and doubling time may reflect availability and levels of testing more than the actual disease in the population. abstract: An opportunity exists in exploring epidemic modeling as a novel way to determine physiological and demic parameters for genetic association studies on a population/environmental (quasi) epidemiological study level. First, the spread of SARS-COV-2 has produced population specific lineages; second, epidemic spread model parameters are tied directly to these physiological and demic rates (e. g. incubation time, recovery time, transmission rate); and third, these parameters may serve as novel phenotypes to associate with region-specific genetic mutations as well as demic characteristics (e. g. age structure, cultural observance of personal space, crowdedness). Therefore, we sought to understand whether the parameters of epidemic models could be determined from the trajectory of infections, recovery, and hospitalizations prior to peak, and also to evaluate the quality and comparability of data between jurisdictions reporting their statistics necessary for the analysis of model parameters across populations. We found that, analytically, the pre-peak growth of an epidemic is limited by a subset of the model variates, and that the rate limiting variables are dominated by the expanding eigenmode of their equations. The variates quickly converge to the ratio of eigenvector components of the positive growth rate, which determines the doubling time. There are 9 parameters and 4 independent components in the eigenmode, leaving 5 undetermined parameters. Those parameters can be strikingly population dependent, and can have significant impact on estimates of hospital loads downstream. Without a sound framework, measurements of infection rates and other parameters are highly corrupted by uneven testing rates to uneven counting and reporting of relevant values. From the standpoint of phenotype parameters, this means that structured experiments must be performed to estimate these parameters in order to perform genetic association studies, or to construct viable models that accurately predict critical quantities such as hospitalization loads. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.20.20071928 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.20.20071928 id: cord-264785-kkd2pyp3 author: Plevinsky, Jill M title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Adherence and Self-Management date: 2020-09-26 words: 3140.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264785-kkd2pyp3.txt summary: Given the prevalence and multi-faceted impact of nonadherence on pediatric health outcomes, the primary goal of this article is to identify and address how circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic may affect adherence and self-management among youth with chronic medical conditions. Although the circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and its broad impact (both positive and negative) across individual, family, community, and healthcare systems factors impact pediatric adherence and self-management, pediatric psychologists have the expertise to recognize, assess, and address these challenges to promote health outcomes. Youth with chronic medical conditions and their families are resilient, and with support from their medical teams and behavioral health providers, can achieve optimal adherence and self-management despite the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique circumstances that have the potential to both positively and negatively affect pediatric adherence and self-management in youth with chronic medical conditions. The following paper discusses how these circumstances (e.g., stay-at-home orders, school closures, changes in pediatric healthcare delivery) impact disease management at the individual, family, community, and healthcare system levels. We also discuss how barriers to pediatric adherence and self-management exacerbated by the pandemic may disproportionately affect underserved and vulnerable populations, potentially resulting in greater health disparities. Given the potential for widespread challenges to pediatric disease management during the pandemic, ongoing monitoring and promotion of adherence and self-management is critical. Technology offers several opportunities for this via telemedicine, electronic monitoring, and mobile apps. Moreover, pediatric psychologists are uniquely equipped to develop and implement adherence-promotion efforts to support youth and their families in achieving and sustaining optimal disease management as the current public health situation continues to evolve. Research efforts addressing the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic on pediatric adherence and self-management are needed to identify both risk and resilience factors affecting disease management and subsequent health outcomes during this unprecedented time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929482/ doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa079 id: cord-340468-3s3dv88w author: Plumereau, Cécile title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke reperfusion therapy: data from the Lyon Stroke Center Network date: 2020-09-09 words: 2157.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340468-3s3dv88w.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a prospective data collection of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) during the COVID-19 period (from 29/02/2020 to 10/05/2020) and a control period (from 29/02/2019 to 10/05/2019). Although some studies have reported an impact of the pandemic on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care in terms of admissions and reperfusion therapy volumes along with longer treatment times and a decrease in the use of stroke imaging compared with control periods in 2019, other reports have not detected significant effects on revascularization procedures [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . The objective of our study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT), as well as pre and intra-hospital delays ( Fig. 1 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would have particularly affected acute stroke care. However, its impact is clearly inherent to the local stroke network conditions. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute stroke care in the Lyon comprehensive stroke center during this period. METHODS: We conducted a prospective data collection of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) during the COVID-19 period (from 29/02/2020 to 10/05/2020) and a control period (from 29/02/2019 to 10/05/2019). The volume of reperfusion therapies and pre and intra-hospital delays were compared during both periods. RESULTS: A total of 208 patients were included. The volume of IVT significantly decreased during the COVID-period [55 (54.5%) vs 74 (69.2%); p = 0.03]. The volume of MT remains stable over the two periods [72 (71.3%) vs 65 (60.8%); p = 0.14], but the door-to-groin puncture time increased in patients transferred for MT (237 [187–339] vs 210 [163–260]; p < 0.01). The daily number of Emergency Medical Dispatch calls considerably increased (1502 [1133–2238] vs 1023 [960–1410]; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a decrease in the volume of IVT, whereas the volume of MT remained stable although intra-hospital delays increased for transferred patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results contrast in part with the national surveys and suggest that the impact of the pandemic may depend on local stroke care networks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32902732/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10199-6 id: cord-312398-teu3tdbq author: Pocard, Marc title: A special edition of the Journal of Visceral Surgery on Covid-19: what problems, dangers and solutions have been identified? date: 2020-05-04 words: 646.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312398-teu3tdbq.txt summary: Thus, if in France tomorrow, a Regional Health Agency (ARS) should require a surgical team to move to a Covid-19-negative center in order to perform cancer surgery, should this be seen as an element of progress and finally an organization that transcends the divides between public and private medicine? Yes, unless this leads to cancer surgery being performed in a Level I center that lacks the authorization (by this same ARS) to operate on cancers. There is also risk that in the aftermath of Covid-19, we will no longer be able to tell these This induces complex situations in ER''s and this is highlighted in two texts of this special issue (8, 9) . Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic Re: Strategy for the practice of digestive and oncological surgery during the Covid-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878788620301259 doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2020.04.019 id: cord-329947-so64wlo2 author: Poggiali, Erika title: COVID-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumothorax: A Frightening Triad date: 2020-06-01 words: 1085.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329947-so64wlo2.txt summary: A chest CT scan also showed diffuse emphysema, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and small consolidations in the lower lobes, suggestive for COVID-19 pneumonia. Unfortunately, the patient died from COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome after 48 days of hospitalization. LEARNING POINTS: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause death from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pneumothorax is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We present the case of an 87-year-old man with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax. High-resolution chest CT scan (HRCT) confirmed the diagnosis of left pneumothorax and revealed diffuse emphysema, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and small consolidations in both lower lobes, suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia (Fig. 1) . CXR showed recurrence of a left pneumothorax, and an increase in the size and number of consolidations in the lower lobes, suggesting progression of COVID-19 pneumonia (Fig. 3) . abstract: We describe the case of a male patient admitted to our emergency department during the Italian COVID-19 epidemic, for progressive worsening dyspnoea. A diagnosis of pneumothorax and diffuse interstitial lung involvement was promptly made by lung ultrasound and confirmed by an HRCT scan. A chest CT scan also showed diffuse emphysema, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and small consolidations in the lower lobes, suggestive for COVID-19 pneumonia. A chest tube was immediately inserted in the emergency room with complete resolution of the dyspnoea. A nasopharyngeal swab for 2019-nCoV was positive. Unfortunately, the patient died from COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome after 48 days of hospitalization. LEARNING POINTS: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause death from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pneumothorax is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The combination of COVID-19, COPD and pneumothorax can prove fatal. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665932/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001742 id: cord-350110-tybh207e author: Poggiali, Erika title: Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? date: 2020-03-13 words: 297.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350110-tybh207e.txt summary: key: cord-350110-tybh207e title: Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia? journal: Radiology cord_uid: tybh207e Chest CT scan was performed in all 12 patients and showed a strong correlation with US: bilateral lung involvement with ground-glass opacity; five of 12 patients had a crazy-paving pattern. Organizing pneumonia was confirmed in four patients as well as detected with lung US. We are aware that our data are preliminary and further studies are necessary to confirm the role of lung US in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia, but we strongly recommend the use of bedside US for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in all the patients who presented to the emergency department with flu-like symptoms in novel COVID-19 era. The course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. Radiology Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167853/ doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200847 id: cord-355181-affuyn8z author: Poggio, Claudio title: Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date: 2020-07-22 words: 5793.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 (acronym for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), responsible for the current outbreak that causes COVID-19 (acronym for "corona virus disease 2019"), is reported to be able of surviving on inanimate surfaces for days. An interesting 2008 article that dealt with environmental hygiene focused on the importance of the transmission of respiratory tract infections Genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 has recently been demonstrated in the plasma of patients with COVID-19, thus feeding concerns for virus shedding during surgical procedures [16] . Incorporation of copper alloy surfaces in conjunction with effective cleaning regimens and good clinical practice could help to control transmission of respiratory coronaviruses, including MERS and SARS [52, 53] . Incorporation of copper alloy surfaces in conjunction with effective cleaning regimens and good clinical practice could help to control transmission of respiratory coronaviruses, including MERS and SARS [52, 53] . abstract: The latest diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has involved the whole world population. Even if huge efforts to control the pandemic have been done, the viral spread is still continuing. COVID-19 is reported as a zoonosis jumped from bats and pangolins to humans. After infection in humans, SARS-CoV-2 is found in the nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions. The virus has also been detected in the blood plasma of infected patients. The viral spread occurs through droplets exhaled from the nose and mouth of the infected people when they breath or talk, or through droplets propelled as a dense cloud by chough or sneeze. The virus can also be delivered as an aerosol from blood plasma, through surgical procedures. Following these ways, the virus can disperse in the air, then reaching and settling on the exposed surfaces. How long the virus will survive on a surface depends on the material the surface is made from. Infection via high-touch surfaces should be prevented. Copper alloy coatings, combined with efficient hygienic/disinfectant procedures and careful surgical practice, could be helpful to health protection in dental practice and can also be adopted in orthopedic traumatology. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707757/ doi: 10.3390/ma13153244 id: cord-350255-tthttyl3 author: Poirier, Canelle title: The role of environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak: an initial assessment in two spatial scales date: 2020-10-12 words: 4288.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350255-tthttyl3.txt summary: To disentangle if our reproductive number estimates could be explained by importation of cases from Wuhan, Hubei, alone; and if they could be interpreted as indicators of local transmission, we formulated a linear model with the local R proxy as the response variable, and human mobility as a predictor at the province level. In all steps of filtering at the province-level, and for both time periods, τ 1 and τ 2 , absolute humidity was not associated to R proxy , with P values ranging between 0.161 and 0.922 (Tables 9, 10 , 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) . For cities, for time-period τ 1 , and after the first step of filtering, absolute humidity appeared to be associate with R proxy with a p value equal to 0.004 (Supplementary Table S5 ). abstract: First identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has affected over 16,800,000 people worldwide as of July 29, 2020 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Influenza studies have shown that influenza viruses survive longer on surfaces or in droplets in cold and dry air, thus increasing the likelihood of subsequent transmission. A similar hypothesis has been postulated for the transmission of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is important to propose methodologies to understand the effects of environmental factors on this ongoing outbreak to support decision-making pertaining to disease control. Here, we examine the spatial variability of the basic reproductive numbers of COVID-19 across provinces and cities in China and show that environmental variables alone cannot explain this variability. Our findings suggest that changes in weather (i.e., increase of temperature and humidity as spring and summer months arrive in the Northern Hemisphere) will not necessarily lead to declines in case counts without the implementation of drastic public health interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74089-7 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74089-7 id: cord-285395-vybruu3o author: Polat, Veli title: Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 1110.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285395-vybruu3o.txt summary: title: Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19 Rarely, pulmonary embolism may be encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care units. An asymptomatic young case of COVID-19 presenting with sudden death due to acute massive pulmonary embolism has not been previously described. CT pulmonary angiography and chest CT scans revealed acute massive embolism and typical imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. COVID-19 infection appears to induce venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism. Lately, cases of acute PE associated with severe COVID-19 infection have been reported. We report a case of acute massive PE, resulting in sudden death associated with COVID-19. COVID-19 pneumonia was detected in addition to massive PE during chest CT imaging, which was planned according to electrocardiogram and echocardiographic findings compatible with pulmonary embolism. Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the respiratory system, but it may cause cardiovascular complications such as thromboembolism. Rarely, pulmonary embolism may be encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care units. An asymptomatic young case of COVID-19 presenting with sudden death due to acute massive pulmonary embolism has not been previously described. We report a 41-year-old woman presented to emergency department with sudden death during physical activity. She had only history of diabetes mellitus and she was asymptomatic until sudden death. CT pulmonary angiography and chest CT scans revealed acute massive embolism and typical imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. Interestingly, the patient had no symptoms or signs of infection and also had no risk factors for thromboembolism. COVID-19 infection appears to induce venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism. The case is remarkable in terms of showing how insidious and life-threatening COVID-19 infection can be. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02132-5 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02132-5 id: cord-348172-q3zcn5pf author: Poli, Daniela title: Managing anticoagulation in the COVID-19 era between lockdown and reopening phases date: 2020-06-08 words: 1324.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348172-q3zcn5pf.txt summary: The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization of Anticoagulation Clinics to prevent person-to-person viral diffusion and continue to offer the highest possible quality of assistance to patients. In this paper, based on the Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics statements, we offer some advice aimed at improving patient care during COVID-19 pandemic, with particular regard to the lockdown and reopening periods. Anticoagulation Clinics (ACs) routinely manage thousands of patients taking anticoagulants, either vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), or parenteral drugs. ACs are pivotal in anticoagulation management, providing site visits for patients, remote monitoring, and integration with local health facilities [2] .The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization also of ACs, to prevent person-to-person diffusion. In this phase, we recommend that all ACs actively follow up anticoagulated patients through laboratory and clinical controls. abstract: Patients on anticoagulant treatment are constantly increasing, with an estimated prevalence in Italy of 2% of the total population. The recent spreadout of the COVID-19 pandemic requires a re-organization of Anticoagulation Clinics to prevent person-to-person viral diffusion and continue to offer the highest possible quality of assistance to patients. In this paper, based on the Italian Federation of Anticoagulation Clinics statements, we offer some advice aimed at improving patient care during COVID-19 pandemic, with particular regard to the lockdown and reopening periods. We give practical guidance regarding the following points: (1) re-thinking the AC organization, (2) managing patients on anticoagulants when they become infected by the virus, (3) managing anticoagulation surveillance in non-infected patients during the lockdown period, and (4) organizing the activities during the reopening phases. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02391-3 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02391-3 id: cord-252273-mykwzlsu author: Politis, Constantina title: Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components date: 2020-10-20 words: 1681.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252273-mykwzlsu.txt summary: Post-donation, post-transfusion information and molecular testing of swab samples collected from three asymptomatic donors at risk for COVID-19, revealed the case of an immunosupressed patient who had been transfused with whole blood derived platelets from a donor subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. According to the case report described for the first time by Cho et al., the transfusion of apheresis platelets to a patient diagnosed with severe aplastic anaemia from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 did not result in the transmission of the disease 14 . In our study we describe the haemovigilance data over a surveillance period of three months (March to May 2020) when prevalence of the virus was high, focusing on post-donation and post-transfusion information regarding the transfusion to an immunocompromised patient of whole blood derived platelets from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. abstract: Background. Although the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted mainly through the respiratory tract, possible transmission by transfusion from asymptomatic carriers should be explored. As yet there are no reports of transfusion transmission of COVID-19. Haemovigilance findings within a three-month surveillance period during the new coronavirus pandemic are presented. Materials and methods. Due to great demand and shortage, blood sessions in outpatient facilities were organized during the high prevalence period of COVID-19, alongside a national plan to monitor the evolving public health situation by random molecular screening of high-risk groups of the population. Haemovigilance protocols were implemented as well as surveillance for any COVID-19 case reported post-transfusion. A 14-day quarantine and follow-up molecular and antibody testing of any COVID-19 positive case was obligatory. Results. Post-donation, post-transfusion information and molecular testing of swab samples collected from three asymptomatic donors at risk for COVID-19, revealed the case of an immunosupressed patient who had been transfused with whole blood derived platelets from a donor subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. The recipient exhibited no symptoms of the disease. Molecular and antibody testing results were negative. Conclusion. Haemovigilance provided information supporting the absence of transfusion transmission of COVID-19, thus strengthening the hypothesis that, even if it cannot yet be definitively ruled out, COVID-19 is not transmitted through blood transfusion. As of early June 2020, a perfect test does not exist, therefore haemovigilance along with the implementation of strict proactive measures is crucial to identify eluding asymptomatic individuals and ensure blood safety during the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1246782020301452?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.007 id: cord-254944-9f3wkvxp author: Pollak, Y. title: Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-14 words: 3235.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254944-9f3wkvxp.txt summary: title: Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic To determine factors that predict non-adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19 during the chronic phase of the pandemic, a cross-sectional, general population survey was conducted in Israel. Among 2055 participants, non-adherence was associated with male gender, young age, bachelorhood, being employed, lower decrease in income, low physical activity, psychological distress, ADHD symptoms, past risk-taking and anti-social behavior, low pro-sociality, perceived social norms favoring non-adherence, low perceived risk of COVID-19, low perceived efficacy of the preventive measures, and high perceived costs of adherence to the preventive measures. Despite the potentially harmful consequences for individuals and public health, non-adherence to the preventive measures (non-APM) for the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly at the acute phase, has been reported around the world (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) . abstract: To determine factors that predict non-adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19 during the chronic phase of the pandemic, a cross-sectional, general population survey was conducted in Israel. Sociodemographic, health-related, behavioral, and COVID-19-related characteristics were collected. Among 2055 participants, non-adherence was associated with male gender, young age, bachelorhood, being employed, lower decrease in income, low physical activity, psychological distress, ADHD symptoms, past risk-taking and anti-social behavior, low pro-sociality, perceived social norms favoring non-adherence, low perceived risk of COVID-19, low perceived efficacy of the preventive measures, and high perceived costs of adherence to the preventive measures. There appears to be a need for setting out and communicating preventive measures to specifically targeted at-risk populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.13.20211904 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.13.20211904 id: cord-028321-um448esn author: Pollock, Kim title: Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary date: 2020-07-02 words: 372.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028321-um448esn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028321-um448esn.txt summary: On May 8, 2020, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) formally released an Interim Final Rule 1 that provided more changes to telemedicine coding, billing and reimbursement. The purpose of this Letter to the Editor is to highlight significant updates to our previously published article "Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary" due to new guidance from CMS. Medicare will not deny claims due to the presence of this condition code or modifier for services/items not related to a COVID-19 waiver. As of 4/30/20, CMS is cross-walking the values for telephone CPT codes to higher valued established patient visits codes as shown in the Medicare now considers the telephone call codes to be a telehealth service 1, 3, 4 ; therefore, modifier 95 should be appended to the 99441-99443 codes. Summary of Policies in the Calendar Year (CY) 2020 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (MPFS) Public Health Emergency (PHE) Interim Final Rules abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7331499/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102629 id: cord-135296-qv7pacau author: Polsinelli, Matteo title: A Light CNN for detecting COVID-19 from CT scans of the chest date: 2020-04-24 words: 3833.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-135296-qv7pacau.txt summary: We propose a light CNN design based on the model of the SqueezeNet, for the efficient discrimination of COVID-19 CT images with other CT images (community-acquired pneumonia and/or healthy images). On the tested datasets, the proposed modified SqueezeNet CNN achieved 83.00% of accuracy, 85.00% of sensitivity, 81.00% of specificity, 81.73% of precision and 0.8333 of F1Score in a very efficient way (7.81 seconds medium-end laptot without GPU acceleration). In the present work, we aim at obtaining acceptable performances for an automatic method in recognizing COVID-19 CT images of lungs while, at the same time, dealing with reduced datasets for training and validation and reducing the computational overhead imposed by more complex automatic systems. In this work we developed, trained and tested a light CNN (based on the SqueezeNet) to discriminate between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia and/or healthy CT images. abstract: OVID-19 is a world-wide disease that has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Computer Tomography (CT) imaging of the chest seems to be a valid diagnosis tool to detect COVID-19 promptly and to control the spread of the disease. Deep Learning has been extensively used in medical imaging and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been also used for classification of CT images. We propose a light CNN design based on the model of the SqueezeNet, for the efficient discrimination of COVID-19 CT images with other CT images (community-acquired pneumonia and/or healthy images). On the tested datasets, the proposed modified SqueezeNet CNN achieved 83.00% of accuracy, 85.00% of sensitivity, 81.00% of specificity, 81.73% of precision and 0.8333 of F1Score in a very efficient way (7.81 seconds medium-end laptot without GPU acceleration). Besides performance, the average classification time is very competitive with respect to more complex CNN designs, thus allowing its usability also on medium power computers. In the next future we aim at improving the performances of the method along two directions: 1) by increasing the training dataset (as soon as other CT images will be available); 2) by introducing an efficient pre-processing strategy. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12837v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-284948-zd27i5n6 author: Pomar, María D. Ballesteros title: Nutricion Clínica en tiempos de COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 2058.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284948-zd27i5n6.txt summary: La Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN) organizó desde el inicio de la pandemia, a través de su página web, un apartado específico de información sobre COVID-19 en el que se incluyeron recomendaciones específicas para el enriquecimiento de la dieta, prioritarias para estos pacientes con alto riesgo de DRE6. El tratamiento médico nutricional no es estático, por lo que cada 48-72 horas debe valorarse el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos, y si no se alcanzan a pesar de suplementación nutricional oral, los datos del estudio EFFORT y las recomendaciones habituales de las guías clínicas en este tipo de pacientes pluripatológicos10 nos indican la necesidad de emplear nutrición enteral de forma precoz, bien complementaria a la oral o completa, preferiblemente con una fórmula hipercalórica hiperproteica, ajustada a los requerimientos estimados. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2530016420301051 doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.05.001 id: cord-283623-umqu07te author: Ponce-Alonso, Manuel title: Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection date: 2020-09-08 words: 3228.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283623-umqu07te.txt summary: METHODS: We retrospectively compared the incidence density (cases per 10,000 patient days) of healthcare-facility–associated (HCFA) CDI in a tertiary-care hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the maximum incidence of COVID-19 (March 11 to May 11, 2020) with the same period of the previous year (control period). CONCLUSIONS: The observed reduction of ~70% in the incidence density of HCFA CDI in a context of no reduction in antibiotic use supports the importance of reducing nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers and asymptomatic colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedures and reducing patient mobility in the epidemiological control of CDI. Despite the aforementioned limitations, our observation of a dramatic decrease in CDI in a context of no reduction in the use of antibiotics supports the importance of reducing the nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers or asymptomatically colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedure and reducing hospital mobility of patients in the epidemiological control of CDI. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a reinforcement of infection control measures in the hospital setting. Here, we assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of nosocomial Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). METHODS: We retrospectively compared the incidence density (cases per 10,000 patient days) of healthcare-facility–associated (HCFA) CDI in a tertiary-care hospital in Madrid, Spain, during the maximum incidence of COVID-19 (March 11 to May 11, 2020) with the same period of the previous year (control period). We also assessed the aggregate in-hospital antibiotic use (ie, defined daily doses [DDD] per 100 occupied bed days [BD]) and incidence density (ie, movements per 1,000 patient days) of patient mobility during both periods. RESULTS: In total, 2,337 patients with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to the hospital during the COVID-19 period. Also, 12 HCFA CDI cases were reported at this time (incidence density, 2.68 per 10,000 patient days), whereas 34 HCFA CDI cases were identified during the control period (incidence density, 8.54 per 10,000 patient days) (P = .000257). Antibiotic consumption was slightly higher during the COVID-19 period (89.73 DDD per 100 BD) than during the control period (79.16 DDD per 100 BD). The incidence density of patient movements was 587.61 per 1,000 patient days during the control period and was significantly lower during the COVID-19 period (300.86 per 1,000 patient days) (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The observed reduction of ~70% in the incidence density of HCFA CDI in a context of no reduction in antibiotic use supports the importance of reducing nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers and asymptomatic colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedures and reducing patient mobility in the epidemiological control of CDI. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32895065/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.454 id: cord-260874-g3k562od author: Pontieri-Lewis, Vicky title: Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here date: 2020-06-15 words: 2028.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260874-g3k562od.txt summary: Among the most apparent changes in my practice include the need to educate staff on skin care in patients who require prolonged placement in a prone position and teaching providers to use telehealth for routine WOC care consultations. Nevertheless, I was heartened to realize that my WOC nursing education and experience, along with the education tools, best practice documents, the Journal (JWOCN), and algorithms that the WOCN Society has developed over the years prepared me for even the unprecedented challenges posed by COVID-19. With the assistance of our ICU leadership, beds were deployed to the appropriate ICUs. We already had a protocol for patients requiring prolonged placement in a prone position, but this practice was seldom employed in some of our ICUs and I realized that education was urgently needed on how to operate the pulmonary beds and prevent pressure injury or other forms of skin damage in these high-risk patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/won.0000000000000667 doi: 10.1097/won.0000000000000667 id: cord-278676-p13ev4cg author: Pontiroli, Antonio E. title: Is blood glucose or obesity responsible for the bad prognosis of COVID-19 in obesity -diabetes? date: 2020-07-27 words: 487.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278676-p13ev4cg.txt summary: Pontiroli 1 , Lucia La Sala 2 , Davide Chiumello 1, 3 We read with interest the paper on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes [1] . If it were only a matter of metabolic control, the COVID-19 disease would not be different from previous viral SARS epidemics, in which diabetes was a risk factor for bad prognosis [6] . However, in these studies [1, 4, 5] , body mass index (BMI) is not considered; when investigated, obesity was more prevalent than diabetes [7] , and increasing evidence shows that obesity is itself a bad prognostic factor as to admission to intensive care units, invasive ventilation, and death [8, 9] . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom: A retrospective single centre study Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: A meta-analysis of observational studies abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168822720305945?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108342 id: cord-331284-uy6xoltj author: Ponzetto, Antonio title: COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers—comment date: 2020-09-17 words: 482.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331284-uy6xoltj.txt summary: Endothelial activation was noted as an important component by several authors, a fact leading to the release of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) that will interact with platelets; indeed, examination of platelet dynamics found a small but highly activated platelet subpopulation in severe cases. A list of factors involved in the coagulopathy encompasses elevated circulating levels of vWF and fibrinogen, and their interactions with endothelial cells and thrombocytes for the most severe cases of COVID-19. One pathogen that activates endothelial cells and platelets, binds vWF to platelets, and greatly increases levels of IL-6 and TNF-α is widely recognized: the pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori, i.e. those that produce a vacuolating toxin and express the proinflammatory CagA protein [2] [3] [4] [5] . We propose that the prudent physician should test for these strains in COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy and high IL-6 levels. Helicobacter pylori-induced activation of human endothelial cells abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944869/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02503-z id: cord-031035-yixlsymd author: Poom, Age title: COVID-19 is spatial: Ensuring that mobile Big Data is used for social good date: 2020-08-27 words: 3920.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031035-yixlsymd.txt summary: Examples include, e.g., analysis on population mobility and commuting (Ahas et al., 2015; J€ arv et al., 2012) , detecting functional economic regions (Novak et al., 2013; OECD, 2020) , the provision and accessibility to state services (J€ arv et al., 2018) , identifying migration flows (Kamenjuk et al., 2017) and cross-border mobility (Silm et al., 2020a) , analyzing (in)equity between population groups and spatial segregation (Mooses et al., 2016; Shelton et al., 2015; Silm et al., 2018) , supporting transport solutions (Positium, 2019) and environmental management (Heikinheimo et al., 2020; Poom et al., 2017) , characterizing tourist behavior (Campagna et al., 2015; Raun et al., 2016; Saluveer et al., 2020) , or reflecting the lived experiences of people in case of disruptions (Shelton et al., 2014) . While much of the data in statistical offices are transparent, accessible and stable, they are less useful for studying the mobility and activity spaces of people especially in fastchanging phenomenon like the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in the biggest disruption to individual mobilities in modern times. The crisis is clearly spatial in nature, and examining the geographical aspect is important in understanding the broad implications of the pandemic. The avalanche of mobile Big Data makes it possible to study the spatial effects of the crisis with spatiotemporal detail at the national and global scales. However, the current crisis also highlights serious limitations in the readiness to take the advantage of mobile Big Data for social good, both within and beyond the interests of health sector. We propose two strategical pathways for the future use of mobile Big Data for societal impact assessment, addressing access to both raw mobile Big Data as well as aggregated data products. Both pathways require careful considerations of privacy issues, harmonized and transparent methodologies, and attention to the representativeness, reliability and continuity of data. The goal is to be better prepared to use mobile Big Data in future crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453154/ doi: 10.1177/2053951720952088 id: cord-347289-3yi5tz04 author: Poon, L. . C. title: ISUOG Interim Guidance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy and puerperium: information for healthcare professionals – an update date: 2020-06-01 words: 8036.0 sentences: 413.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347289-3yi5tz04.txt summary: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG): https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/phys ician-faqs/covid-19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-obstetrics Centers for Disease Control , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health emergency. A case series of 12 pregnant women with SARS-CoV in Hong Kong, China, reported three maternal deaths, that four of seven patients who presented in the first trimester had spontaneous miscarriage, four of five patients who presented after 24 weeks had preterm birth and two mothers recovered without delivery but their ongoing pregnancies were complicated by FGR 8 . In two studies, with a combined total of 10 pregnant women with COVID-19 in the third trimester, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting there was no evidence of vertical transmission in women who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy 26, 76 . An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356590/ doi: 10.1002/uog.22061 id: cord-329096-oitxf0fp author: Poorolajal, Jalal title: Geographical Distribution of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Worldwide date: 2020-09-30 words: 647.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329096-oitxf0fp.txt summary: COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus, is a highly contiguous infection that spread immediately across the world since its beginning in Wuhan, China on Dec 31, 2019 1 . Like any other disease, genetic variations in population across different areas of the world may affect the COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality. However, the geographical variation in COVID-19 cases and deaths is very wide following a mysterious pattern. The variation in the COVID-19 mortality rate is much wider than the disease prevalence in the western and eastern hemispheres. The geographical distribution of this disease does not seem to be related to the economic level of countries. If this was the case, it would be expected that the prevalence of disease and death rates due to COVID-19 would follow the pattern of the economic level of countries. This mysterious geographical distribution in COVID-19 cases and deaths is a question that should be answered. abstract: No abstract. url: https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2020.24 doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.24 id: cord-269528-m8i1ss4w author: Poortmans, Philip M title: Cancer and COVID-19: what do we really know? date: 2020-05-29 words: 736.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269528-m8i1ss4w.txt summary: Although risk of death was significantly associated with age, male sex, and comorbidities, no interaction between anticancer treatments within 4 weeks before testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 morbidity or mortality was found. Increased 30-day mortality was associated with age, male sex, smoking, comorbidities, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, active cancer, region of residence, and receipt of azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine, but not with anticancer therapy. Similarly, for CCC19, by limiting observation to 30 days, and with follow-up data missing for 80 (61%) of 132 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), mortality rates are likely to increase. Will COVID-19 negatively affect active oncological treatments or, on the contrary, might anticancer therapy be protective against the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2? COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32479827/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31240-x id: cord-338706-566e3o5j author: Popa, Simona title: Reflections on COVID-19 and the future of education and learning date: 2020-09-29 words: 2650.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338706-566e3o5j.txt summary: The lessons of COVID-19 compel us to imagine education systems in which students of all ages can thrive, and we need to take meaningful action to bring about that desired future. The pandemic has shown how communities can come together to educate children, and Iyengar argues that, post-COVID-19, education systems should recognize community-driven support systems, use technology to overcome the digital divide in learning, and focus more on SDG Goal 4.7 and its links to climate crises. Michael Thomas and Cathy Rogers argue that the science of learning has two different responsibilities in the COVID-19 crisis: first, to offer guidance about how best to deal with the impact of the current situation, including lockdown and homeschooling; and, second, to consider bigger questions about what this large-scale educational experiment might mean for the future. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33012848/ doi: 10.1007/s11125-020-09511-z id: cord-279485-hajrnur1 author: Pope, Janet E. title: What Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Mean for Rheumatology Patients? date: 2020-04-30 words: 1395.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279485-hajrnur1.txt summary: They are concerned about their risk of developing COVID-19 as many are immune suppressed from their disease and/or treatment, whether they should stop their advanced therapies, if they will have a worse outcome if/when infected due to their underlying medication condition(s) and if they will have drug availability, especially with press (without much data) coverage suggesting hydroxychloroquine may be used in COVID-19 infection causing diversion of medication supply. RECENT FINDINGS: Preliminarily, articles seem to suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases may not have more infections from SARS-CoV-2 and similar outcomes to age and gender matched patients, but fear of rheumatic medications increasing their risk, drug shortages, and work exposure all are concerns for patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The long term effects of the pandemic in patients with rheumatic diseases will not be known until much later and likely include stressors flaring disease (fear, illness, job loss, social isolation), post-traumatic stress, flaring due to stopping medications, less physician visits with subsequent under-treatment, and increases in chronic concomitant fatigue, pain, fibromyalgia. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in uncertainty for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases for several reasons. They are concerned about their risk of developing COVID-19 as many are immune suppressed from their disease and/or treatment, whether they should stop their advanced therapies, if they will have a worse outcome if/when infected due to their underlying medication condition(s) and if they will have drug availability, especially with press (without much data) coverage suggesting hydroxychloroquine may be used in COVID-19 infection causing diversion of medication supply. This article discusses how the pandemic affects people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Preliminarily, articles seem to suggest that patients with rheumatic diseases may not have more infections from SARS-CoV-2 and similar outcomes to age and gender matched patients, but fear of rheumatic medications increasing their risk, drug shortages, and work exposure all are concerns for patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The long term effects of the pandemic in patients with rheumatic diseases will not be known until much later and likely include stressors flaring disease (fear, illness, job loss, social isolation), post-traumatic stress, flaring due to stopping medications, less physician visits with subsequent under-treatment, and increases in chronic concomitant fatigue, pain, fibromyalgia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32355607/ doi: 10.1007/s40674-020-00145-y id: cord-303407-n7j56sci author: Popofsky, Stephanie title: Impact of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Detection on Breastfeeding Due to Infant Separation at Birth date: 2020-08-10 words: 4364.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303407-n7j56sci.txt summary: CONCLUSION: In the setting of COVID-19, separation of mother–newborn dyads impacts breastfeeding outcomes, with lower rates of breastfeeding both during hospitalization and at home following discharge compared with unseparated mothers and infants. In the setting of COVID-19, separation of mother-newborn dyads impacts breastfeeding outcomes, with lower rates of breastfeeding both during hospitalization and at home following J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 discharge compared with unseparated mothers and infants. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [4] and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) [5] each published interim guidelines for management of neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, including recommendations for temporary separation of these dyads. To assess the impact of our policy change surrounding mother-newborn dyad separation on breastfeeding rates, we evaluated mothers'' pre-delivery plans for feeding, and compared these with actual outcomes of breastfeeding during perinatal admission and following discharge. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of separation of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive mother–newborn dyads on breastfeeding outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This is an observational longitudinal cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive mothers and their infants at three NYU Langone Health hospitals from March 25, 2020 through May 30, 2020. Mothers were surveyed by telephone regarding pre-delivery feeding plans, in-hospital feeding, and home feeding of their neonates. Any change prompted an additional question to determine whether this change was due to COVID-19. RESULTS: Of the 160 mother–newborn dyads, 103 mothers were reached by telephone, and 85 consented to participate. No significant difference was observed in pre-delivery feeding plan between the separated and unseparated dyads (P = .268). Higher rates of breastfeeding were observed in the unseparated dyads compared with the separated dyads in the hospital (p<0.001), and at home (p=0.012). Only two mothers in each group reported expressed breast milk as the hospital feeding source (5.6% of unseparated vs 4.1% of separated). COVID-19 was more commonly cited as the reason for change among the separated compared with the unseparated group (49.0% vs 16.7%, p<0.001). When dyads were further stratified by symptom status into four groups (asymptomatic separated, asymptomatic unseparated, symptomatic separated, and symptomatic unseparated), results remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: In the setting of COVID-19, separation of mother–newborn dyads impacts breastfeeding outcomes, with lower rates of breastfeeding both during hospitalization and at home following discharge compared with unseparated mothers and infants. No evidence of vertical transmission was observed; one case of postnatal transmission occurred from an unmasked symptomatic mother who held her infant at birth. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.004 id: cord-336268-azgswke8 author: Porcel-Vazquez, Juan A. title: Usefulness of PCR Screening in the Initial Triage of Trauma Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-13 words: 3446.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336268-azgswke8.txt summary: Initial triage to perform quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based on symptoms of respiratory disease and chest x-ray and/or based on epidemiological criteria in the emergency department (ED) may be not enough to avoid nosocomial infection or unprotected hospitalization and surgery for health care workers due to the significant incidence of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. From March 11, 2020, (when WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic disease 2 ) to April 11, 2020, all patients older than 18 years admitted to our hospital (Level III trauma center university public hospital) with the clinical and radiological diagnosis of a traumatic fracture due to a low-energy mechanism were included. The first period, from March 11 to March 20, 2020, included all patients with a traumatic fracture who were tested for COVID-19 based on symptoms of respiratory disease and chest x-ray and/or epidemiological criteria on admission (history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 or having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the past 14 days before symptom onset). abstract: Hospitals worldwide have postponed all nonessential surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, but non-COVID-19 patients are still in urgent need of care. Uncertainty about a patient's COVID-19 status risks infecting health care workers and non-COVID-19 inpatients. We evaluated the use of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening for COVID-19 on admission for all patients with fractures. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients older than 18 years admitted with low-energy fractures who were tested by RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 at any time during hospitalization. Two periods based on the applied testing protocol were defined. During the first period, patients were only tested because of epidemiological criteria or clinical suspicion based on fever, respiratory symptoms, or radiological findings. In the second period, all patients admitted for fracture treatment were screened by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: We identified 15 patients in the first period and 42 in the second. In total, 9 (15.8%) patients without clinical or radiological findings tested positive at any moment. Five (33.3%) patients tested positive postoperatively in the first period and 3 (7.1%) in the second period (P = 0.02). For clinically unsuspected patients, postoperative positive detection went from 3 of 15 (20%) during the first period to 2 of 42 (4.8%) in the second (P = 0.11). Clinical symptoms demonstrated high specificity (92.1%) but poor sensitivity (52.6%) for infection detection. CONCLUSIONS: Symptom-based screening for COVID-19 has shown to be specific but not sensitive. Negative clinical symptoms do not rule out infection. Protocols and separated areas are necessary to treat infected patients. RT-qPCR testing on admission helps minimize the risk of nosocomial and occupational infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective cohort study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32675713/ doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001903 id: cord-335020-at43c8q7 author: Porfidia, Angelo title: Venous thromboembolism and heparin use in COVID-19 patients: juggling between pragmatic choices, suggestions of medical societies date: 2020-05-04 words: 2412.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335020-at43c8q7.txt summary: In this article, we discuss the many doubts currently existing on the use of heparins and the correct prevention and diagnosis of VTE in COVID-19 patients, with physicians that juggle between pragmatic choices, different suggestions being released on a daily by hospital and medical societies, and the lack of solid evidence or guidelines. To support this concept, it is worth mentioning the report published by Danzi and coll., which describes the case of a 75-year-old woman who was hospitalized in Cremona, Italy, after 10 days of fever and a recent onset of dyspnea at home and was diagnosed with severe COVID-19-positive bilateral pneumonia and concomitant acute PE two days after hospital admission [19] . This issue is critical and has been taken into consideration in a recent position paper from the Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET), in which it is suggested to maintain thromboprophylaxis at home for 7-14 days after hospital discharge or in the pre-hospital phase, at least in subjects with pre-existing or persisting VTE risk factors [16] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02125-4 doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02125-4 id: cord-033218-wpe0sl43 author: Porsse, Alexandre A. title: The economic impacts of COVID‐19 in Brazil based on an interregional CGE approach date: 2020-09-21 words: 4657.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033218-wpe0sl43.txt summary: Therefore, the main contribution of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil with regional and sectoral detailing, obtained from a scientific modeling framework that integrates information from the economic system and epidemiological scenarios. For Scenario 1, we incorporated a supply shock in the workforce resulting from the expected morbidity and mortality rates due to COVID-19, as well as a fall in activity in specific economic sectors due to social isolation. In Scenario 2, the fiscal policies mitigate the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on the economy, but they are not enough to reverse the negative results for most of the regions. Scenario 1 accesses two economic transmission channels of COVID-19 outbreak: (i) a reduction in labor supply due to the effects of morbidity and mortality; and (ii) a reduction in activity levels of specific sectors that are affected by the need of social isolation to combat the spread of the disease. abstract: This study projects the economic impacts of COVID‐19 outbreak on the Brazilian economy using a dynamic interregional computable general equilibrium model. We considered two scenarios. The first scenario has two channels of transmission over the economic system: a negative shock of labor supply due to the rates of morbidity and mortality caused by the pandemic, and a temporary shutdown of nonessential economic activities. The second scenario adds to the first the effects of the government fiscal package adopted to counteract the effects of COVID‐19 on the economy. Furthermore, in both scenarios, a sensitive analysis related to the temporality of the shutdown is considered by assuming 3 and 6 months of shutdown. The results indicate a reduction of 3.78% in the national GDP growth rate in Scenario 1 and a reduction of 0.48% in Scenario 2, in 2020, with 3 months of shutdown. With 6 months, the reduction would be greater, 10.90% and 7.64% in Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, the government fiscal stimulus considered in this study partially mitigates the reduction in GDP projected under the COVID‐19 outbreak. The study also presents sectoral projections at the national and state levels. The estimates indicate reductions in the GDP of most of Brazilian states in both scenarios. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537290/ doi: 10.1111/rsp3.12354 id: cord-342930-f7cw2ca6 author: Portincasa, Piero title: Hepatic consequences of COVID-19 infection. Lapping or biting? date: 2020-06-01 words: 3010.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342930-f7cw2ca6.txt summary: Although the most frequent and critical clinical 15 presentation is secondary to the involvement of the lung (fever, cough), the infection by SARS16 CoV-2 virus may lead to a systemic and multi-organ disease [10] , also involving the gastrointestinal 17 tract (nausea/vomiting, or diarrhea) [11, 12] . Although the level of serum transaminases could be already elevated before the onset of COVID-14 19, results from clinical reports and autopsy studies [26, 49, 50] suggest that liver dysfunction can 15 be an expression of a worse disease evolution, and that an isolated elevation of transaminases alone 16 is likely to be the indirect expression of a systemic inflammation. In one study, patients 17 developing abnormal liver tests had higher risks of progressing to severe disease [51] , and the 18 finding is associated with longer hospital stay [62] . Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with 19 COVID-19: A retrospective study abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting last December in China placed emphasis on liver involvement during infection. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, according to recent available information, while waiting further studies. The manifestations of liver damage are usually mild (moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activities), and generally asymptomatic. Few patients can still develop severe liver problems, and therapeutic options can be limited. Liver dysfunction may affect about one-third of the patients, with prevalence greater in men than women, and in elderly. Mechanisms of damage are complex and include direct cholangiocyte damage and other coexisting conditions such as the use of antiviral drugs, systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. During new COVID-19 infections, liver injury may be observed. If liver involvement appears during COVID-19 infection, however, attention is required. This is particularly true if patients are older or have a pre-existing history of liver diseases. During COVID-19 infection, the onset of liver damage impairs the prognosis, and hospital stay is longer. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.035 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.035 id: cord-254896-e6k1bp9n author: Posch, Martin title: Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex date: 2020-07-03 words: 2005.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254896-e6k1bp9n.txt summary: The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Comparing the infection fatality rate estimates reported in [3] with the normal annual mortality rates for Austria, we see parallels as well -the estimated risk of death with COVID-19 is for the majority of age groups roughly as high as the normal risk of dying within 1-2 years (Fig. 3 , black dots). We also observe that the number of those who have died in Austria with COVID-19 per population size in the respective age and sex group have a similar exponential age dependency as the estimated infection fatality rates (Fig. 2a, b and 3) . abstract: We analyze the age and sex distribution of the reported COVID-19 deaths in Austria. In accordance with international studies, the Austrian data also suggests that the risk of death increases substantially with age. The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Furthermore, we compare the general age specific mortality rate in Austria with the estimates of the SARS-CoV‑2 infection fatality rate by Ferguson et al. (2020). The parallels to the general age specific mortality rates do not imply that COVID-19 does not pose an additional risk. On the contrary, it follows from the structure and magnitude of the infection fatality rate that it is substantial, especially for higher age groups. However, since in many cases persons with severe pre-existing conditions are affected, it is not yet possible to estimate what effects COVID-19 will have on life expectancy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9 doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9 id: cord-332204-24e2kcas author: Post, Adrian title: Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? date: 2020-04-08 words: 416.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332204-24e2kcas.txt summary: authors: Post, Adrian; Dullaart, Robin P.F.; Bakker, Stephan J.L. title: Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection? Human pathogenic coronaviruses bind to their target cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), which is expressed in epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, and blood vessels 3 . animal-based studies have demonstrated that the tissue expression of the ACE2 receptor is downregulated in response to a high dietary sodium intake 4,5 . Combined, these experimental and epidemiological data led us to hypothesize that low sodium balance may augment cellular damage at a certain virus load and increase the risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19 infection. Besides habitual dietary salt intake, more acute changes in sodium balance might also influence ACE2 receptor expression. Intermittent sodium loss, due to either diarrhea, vomiting or perspiration could put patients that acquire COVID-19 infection at higher risk for development of a more severe or fatal course of disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291196/ doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.003 id: cord-312864-km07zhn1 author: Potalivo, A. title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study date: 2020-08-15 words: 5381.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312864-km07zhn1.txt summary: title: Sixty-day mortality among 520 Italian hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted ventilatory strategy in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary clinical organization: a population-based cohort study 4, 8, 9, 11 Thus, the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with oxygen supplementation and NIV has been markedly underreported leading to inaccurate information regarding the overall use of the different respiratory supports and outcomes. Using clinical and demographics information routinely collected in a unique database including all residents in the entire province, we performed the present population-based cohort study with the following aims: 1) to describe the characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 2) to examine patient outcomes overall and stratified by the adopted respiratory support, 3) to describe the organization of local healthcare system. It should be noted that in our study we documented for patients treated with NIV and/or IMV -despite a similar P/F ratio (median 98.0; IQR 84.0-124.5) and a higher SOFA score (median 8; IQR 6-10)-a considerably lower 60-day mortality rate, overall and in individual groups. abstract: Background: Among COVID-19 patients, the decision of which ventilation strategy to adopt is crucial and not guided by existing outcome evidence. We described the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to the adopted respiratory strategy. Methods: Population-based cohort study including all COVID-19 patients (26/02/2020-18/04/2020) within Rimini Italian province. Hospitalized patients were classified according to the maximum level of respiratory support: oxygen supplementation (group Oxygen), NIV (group NIV-only), IMV (group IMV-only), and IMV after a NIV trial (group IMV-after-NIV). Sixty-day mortality risk was estimated with a Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted by age, sex, and administration of steroids, canakinumab, and tocilizumab. Findings: We identified 1,424 symptomatic patients: 520 (36.5%) were hospitalized, the remaining 904 (63.5%) were treated at home with no 60-days death. According to the respiratory support, 408 (78.5%) were assigned to Oxygen, 46 (8.8%) to NIV-only, 25 (4.8%) to IMV-after-NIV, and 41 (7.9%) to IMV-only groups. There was no significant difference in the P/F at IMV inception among IMV-after-NIV and IMV-only groups (p=0.9). Overall 60-day mortality was 24.2% (Oxygen: 23.0%; NIV-only: 19.6%; IMV-after-NIV: 32.0%; IMV-only: 36.6%; p = 0.165). Compared with Oxygen group, the 60-day mortality risk significantly increased for IMV-after-NIV (HR 2.776; p=0.024) and IMV-only group (HR 2.966; p=0.001). Conclusions: This study provides a population-based figure of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. A similar 60-days mortality risk was found for patients undergoing immediate IMV and those intubated after a NIV trial. Many patients had a favorable outcome after prolonged IMV. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.20174615v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174615 id: cord-286227-foeb0g7u author: Potekaev, Nikolai N. title: Clinical characteristics of dermatologic manifestations of COVID‐19 infection: case series of 15 patients, review of literature, and proposed etiological classification date: 2020-07-03 words: 1102.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286227-foeb0g7u.txt summary: A 59-year-old male patient presented with fever of 39°C and a rash of the lower extremities in combination with hemorrhagic elements which were consistent with polymorphic cutaneous vasculitis ( Fig. 3a ,b). A 47-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia developed acral urticarial highly pruritic rash on upper and lower extremities 5 days after the laboratory diagnosis (Fig. 7a, b ). A 71-year-old male patient, 2 weeks prior to our examination, developed papulovesicular eruptions while having escalating clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection (fever, weakness, cough, shortness of breath) (Fig. 8a,b) . A 46-year-old female patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection and bilateral pneumonia presented with papulovesicular elements in the chest area (Fig. 9) . A 56-year-old male patient with COVID-19 infection presented with skin lesions, also called "bilateral inguinal purple rash." Large pink-red plaques were observed in both inguinal folds with a transition to the inner thighs, with a brownish tint and abundance of follicular papules along the periphery (Fig. 13) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621287/ doi: 10.1111/ijd.15030 id: cord-325956-1kxxg0s9 author: Potluri, Rahul title: Making sense of the Global Coronavirus Data: The role of testing rates in understanding the pandemic and our exit strategy date: 2020-04-11 words: 3967.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325956-1kxxg0s9.txt summary: We analysed the number of diagnostic tests performed in proportion to the number of cases and subsequently deaths across different countries and projected pandemic outcomes. Country wise population level pandemic projections were extrapolated utilising three models 1) inherent case per test and death per test rates at the time of obtaining the data (4/4/2020 0900 BST) for each country; 2) rates adjusted according to the countries who conducted at least 100000 tests and 3) rates adjusted according to South Korea. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20054239 doi: medRxiv preprint Discussion COVID-19 statistics are complex and comparing different countries based on number of total cases, deaths and/or case fatality rate does not show the complete picture (Table 1) . In our analyses we showed the deaths and cases in relation to the number of tests performed and presented population level pandemic projections based on these. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreak has caused havoc across the world. Subsequently, research on COVID-19 has focused on number of cases and deaths and predicted projections have focused on these parameters. We propose that the number of tests performed is a very important denominator in understanding the COVID-19 data. We analysed the number of diagnostic tests performed in proportion to the number of cases and subsequently deaths across different countries and projected pandemic outcomes. We obtained real time COVID-19 data from the reference website Worldometer at 0900 BST on Saturday 4th April, 2020 and collated the information obtained on the top 50 countries with the highest number of COVID 19 cases. We analysed this data according to the number of tests performed as the main denominator. Country wise population level pandemic projections were extrapolated utilising three models - 1) inherent case per test and death per test rates at the time of obtaining the data (4/4/2020 0900 BST) for each country; 2) rates adjusted according to the countries who conducted at least 100000 tests and 3) rates adjusted according to South Korea. We showed that testing rates impact on the number of cases and deaths and ultimately on future projections for the pandemic across different countries. We found that countries with the highest testing rates per population have the lowest death rates and give us an early indication of an eventual COVID-19 mortality rate. It is only by continued testing on a large scale that will enable us to know if the increasing number of patients who are seriously unwell in hospitals across the world are the tip of the iceberg or not. Accordingly, obtaining this information through a rapid increase in testing globally is the only way which will enable us to exit the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce economic and social instability. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20054239 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054239 id: cord-307287-zpq6byml author: Poulsen, Nadia Nicholine title: Cyclosporine and COVID‐19: Risk or Favorable? date: 2020-08-10 words: 4455.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307287-zpq6byml.txt summary: A letter by Russel et al suggests that there is tantalizing in vitro evidence for cyclosporine as an anti-coronavirus agent as well as a potential disease-modifying role through inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-mediated IL-2 induction and authors advocate that a trial of cyclosporine should be considered in the event of a future SARS epidemic 22 . The Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association has published recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney disease during this current pandemic, and authors point out that patients with mild COVID-19 might continue low dose of cyclosporine due to the in vitro evidence of inhibition of coronavirus replication 84 . We are still awaiting robust data from COVID-19 patients actively treated with calcineurin inhibitors due to transplantation or autoimmune diseases but so far there is no evidence that use of cyclosporine possess an additional risk for severe COVID-19 in addition to the co-morbidities such as diabetes, smoking, hypertension and obesity that often co-exist in these patients. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is declared a global health emergency. COVID‐19 is triggered by a novel coronavirus: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2). Baseline characteristics of admitted patients with COVID‐19 show that adiposity, diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for developing severe disease, but so far immunosuppressed patients that are listed as high‐risk patients have not been more susceptible to severe COVID‐19 than the rest of the population. Multiple clinical trials are currently being conducted, which hopefully can identify more drugs that can lower mortality, morbidity and burden on the society. Several independent studies have convincingly shown that cyclosporine inhibit replication of several different coronaviruses in vitro. The cyclosporine‐analog Alisporivir has recently been shown to inhibit SARS‐CoV2 in vitro. These findings are intriguing, although there is no clinical evidence for a protective effect to reduce the likelihood of severe COVID‐19 or to treat the immune storm or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that often causes severe morbidity. Here, we review the putative link between COVID‐19 and cyclosporine, while we await more robust clinical data. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16250 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16250 id: cord-284734-qioy7eso author: Pourahmad, Ramtin title: Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IVIG) on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-31 words: 3073.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284734-qioy7eso.txt summary: According to recent observations about different modalities in treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection. According to the medical experiences in the treatment of patients infected with other members of coronavirus family such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . As the world confronting a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) could be an ideal option for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. According to the reports, China has used immunoglobulin replacement therapy on several COVID-19 patients during the outbreak of this novel coronavirus which showed promising results [46] . The use of convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir in the successful management of a critically ill obstetric patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: a case report. abstract: Since the rapidly evolving outbreak of COVID-19, several empirical therapeutic options have been recommended including the use of antivirals, steroids, and vaccines. According to recent observations about different modalities in treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview on the possible application of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00438-2 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00438-2 id: cord-262716-hea84shy author: Pourali, Fatemeh title: Relationship between blood group and risk of infection and death in COVID-19: a live meta-analysis date: 2020-08-11 words: 3858.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262716-hea84shy.txt summary: The reported results were controversial, so the objective of the present study is to assess the relationship between different blood groups and the onset and mortality of COVID-19 infection using meta-analysis method. Note that there are limited primary evidence regarding the association between blood groups and COVID19 infection, upcoming relevant studies will be added to the results of the present meta-analysis. Of the evidence included in this meta-analysis, five studies had reported the frequency of blood group AB among COVID-19 infected people varied between 3.08% and 13.68%. Combining the results of this two evidence, applying random effect model (I-square=0%, Q=0.41, P=0.522), the odd ratio for death among COVID-19 infected people having blood group A was estimated as 1.12 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.45). Meta-analysis of studies showed no significant association between mortality and different blood groups in COVID-19 patients. abstract: Abstract Introduction The relationship between ABO blood group and the incidence of COVID-19 infection and death has been investigated in several studies. The reported results were controversial, so the objective of the present study is to assess the relationship between different blood groups and the onset and mortality of COVID-19 infection using meta-analysis method. Methods We searched the databases using appropriate MeSH terms. We screened articles on the basis of titles, abstracts, and full texts, and the articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was done with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. The estimated frequency of COVID-19 infection and death in terms of ABO blood group and the overall estimate of the odd ratio between blood group with COVID-19 infection and death was done with 95% confidence interval. Results The pooled frequency of blood groups A, B, O, and AB among COVID-19 infected individuals was estimated as 36.22%, 24.99%, 29.67%, and 9.29% respectively. The frequency of blood groups A, B, O, and AB among the dead cases due to COVID-19 infection was estimated as 40%, 23%, 29%, and 8% respectively. The odd ratio of COVID-19 infection for blood group A versus the other blood groups was estimated 1.16 (CI 95%: 1.02-1.33). The corresponding figures for blood groups O and AB versus other blood groups were estimated as 0.73 (CI 95%: 0.60-0.88) and 1.25(CI 95%: 0.84-1.86) respectively. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that individuals with blood group A are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection while those with blood group O are at lower risk. Although the odds ratio of death for AB blood group was non-significant, it was considerable. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2052297520300950?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100743 id: cord-303331-xolksoy3 author: Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza title: Assessment of the outbreak risk, mapping and infection behavior of COVID-19: Application of the autoregressive integrated-moving average (ARIMA) and polynomial models date: 2020-07-28 words: 5988.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303331-xolksoy3.txt summary: A geographic information system (GIS)-based machine learning algorithm (MLA), support vector machine (SVM), was used for the assessment of the outbreak risk of COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran whereas the daily observations of infected cases were tested in the—polynomial and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to examine the patterns of virus infestation in the province and in Iran. The aims of the present study were to analyze the risk factors of coronavirus outbreak and test the SVM model for mapping areas with a high risk of human infection with the virus in Fars Province, Iran. Accordingly, in this research, we selected sixteen most relevant effective factors for the outbreak risk mapping of COVID-19 in Fars Province of Iran, which includes minimum temperature of coldest month (MTCM), maximum temperature of warmest month (MTWM), precipitation in wettest month (PWM), precipitation of driest month (PDM), distance from roads, distance from mosques, distance from hospitals, distance from fuel stations, human footprint, density of cities, distance from bus abstract: Infectious disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to human health worldwide. The outbreak of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health emergency. Thus, identification of regions with high risk for COVID-19 outbreak and analyzing the behaviour of the infection is a major priority of the governmental organizations and epidemiologists worldwide. The aims of the present study were to analyze the risk factors of coronavirus outbreak for identifying the areas having high risk of infection and to evaluate the behaviour of infection in Fars Province, Iran. A geographic information system (GIS)-based machine learning algorithm (MLA), support vector machine (SVM), was used for the assessment of the outbreak risk of COVID-19 in Fars Province, Iran whereas the daily observations of infected cases were tested in the—polynomial and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to examine the patterns of virus infestation in the province and in Iran. The results of the disease outbreak in Iran were compared with the data for Iran and the world. Sixteen effective factors were selected for spatial modelling of outbreak risk. The validation outcome reveals that SVM achieved an AUC value of 0.786 (March 20), 0.799 (March 29), and 86.6 (April 10) that displays a good prediction of outbreak risk change detection. The results of the third-degree polynomial and ARIMA models in the province revealed an increasing trend with an evidence of turning, demonstrating extensive quarantines has been effective. The general trends of virus infestation in Iran and Fars Province were similar, although a more volatile growth of the infected cases is expected in the province. The results of this study might assist better programming COVID-19 disease prevention and control and gaining sorts of predictive capability would have wide-ranging benefits. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722716/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236238 id: cord-265053-x70501t3 author: Pourhomayoun, Mohammad title: Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence to Help Medical Decision-Making date: 2020-04-01 words: 1855.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265053-x70501t3.txt summary: In the wake of COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we designed and developed a predictive model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning algorithms to determine the health risk and predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19. We used several machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) to predict the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. In this study, we proposed a data-driven predictive analytics algorithm based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning to determine the health risk and predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19. After preprocessing the data, we use machine learning algorithms to develop a predictive model to classify the data, predict the medical condition, and calculate the probability and risk of mortality. Table 1 demonstrates the prediction accuracy for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19 using 10-fold cross-validation for various machine learning algorithms. abstract: In the wake of COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we designed and developed a predictive model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning algorithms to determine the health risk and predict the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19. In this study, we used documented data of 117,000 patients world-wide with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. This study proposes an AI model to help hospitals and medical facilities decide who needs to get attention first, who has higher priority to be hospitalized, triage patients when the system is overwhelmed by overcrowding, and eliminate delays in providing the necessary care. The results demonstrate 93% overall accuracy in predicting the mortality rate. We used several machine learning algorithms including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) to predict the mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. In this study, the most alarming symptoms and features were also identified. Finally, we used a separate dataset of COVID-19 patients to evaluate our developed model accuracy, and used confusion matrix to make an in-depth analysis of our classifiers and calculate the sensitivity and specificity of our model. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047308 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.30.20047308 id: cord-343127-n3fs8ph8 author: Pousa, Pedro A. title: Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 in children: a comprehensive review and pathophysiological considerations date: 2020-09-22 words: 5503.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343127-n3fs8ph8.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19, as well as to discuss clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of these clinical presentations in children. In addition, epithelial cells of the small intestine is another tissue that highly express ACE2 in cell membrane, [42] creating another potential region for SARS-CoV-2 infection and enteric manifestations of COVID-19. Hence, the present authors speculate that, although children and adults have similar rates of GI symptoms, children GI symptoms are usually associated as a primary response of SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to this minor expression of ACE2, and represent milder symptoms. Children are susceptible to liver injury, as shown by a meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients reporting that 9% (35/290) presented increased ALT and 18% (58/280), high levels of AST. Therefore, children might present less severe cases of kidney injury associated with COVID-19 due to this greater expression of AT2R than adults. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients with COVID-19, as well as to discuss clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of these clinical presentations in children. SOURCE OF DATA: An extensive search of literature was performed in order to identify pediatric cases with extrapulmonary manifestations between January 1, 2020 and June 21, 2020. Generic keywords, such as “Novel coronavirus” or “Novel coronavirus 2019” or “2019 nCoV” or “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” were searched on PubMed database, associated either with age filters or generic pediatric terms. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: A total of 28 articles, including 199 patients, were considered suitable to review and data extraction. The main findings were summarized in tables. The main non-pulmonary manifestations in pediatric patients, in decreasing order of frequency, were gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, neurological, hematological and lymphatic, cutaneous, hepatic, ocular, olfactory, and gustatory. Multisystem impairment and Kawasaki-like disease were also described. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in immune response of children and variations of tissue expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the virus receptor, are likely to influence clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological patterns of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.007 id: cord-352902-isc3ek67 author: Powell, Adam W. title: The Adaptation of Pediatric Exercise Testing Programs to the Coronavirus/COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 words: 2773.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352902-isc3ek67.txt summary: The primary aims of this study were to (1) better understand current practice patterns in pediatric exercise laboratories in the United States and Canada, (2) assess local and institutional management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) investigate how centers are affected by the lifting of hospital restrictions for COVID-19. Data were recorded regarding program location, changes to exercise laboratory staffing and operational protocols, current PPE use, changes to exercise testing protocols including deviations in measuring metabolic indicators of fitness, baseline pulmonary function testing, and noninvasive measures of cardiac output. Among the programs surveyed, 66% (23/35) reported discontinuing all exercise testing for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31% (11/35) continued testing but only for patients triaged by medical need, and 3% (1/35) did not alter testing protocols. Specifically, the authors would like to thank all the pediatric exercise laboratories that responded to this survey for completing this item and for all the effort and diligence they have placed in caring for their patients and staff during the pandemic. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Response to the coronavirus/COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in several initiatives that directly impact hospital operations. There has been minimal information on how COVID-19 has affected exercise testing in pediatric patients. DESIGN: A web-based survey was designed and sent to pediatric exercise testing laboratories in the United States and Canada. Questions were designed to understand the initial and ongoing adaptations made by pediatric exercise testing laboratories in response to COVID-19. Results were analyzed as frequency data. RESULTS: There were responses from 42% (35/85) of programs, with 68% (23/34) of laboratories discontinuing all exercise testing. Of the 23 programs that discontinued testing, 15 (65%) are actively working on triage plans to reopen the exercise laboratory. Personal protective equipment use include gloves (96%; 25/26), surgical masks (88%; 23/26), N-95 masks (54%; 14/26), face shields (69%; 18/26), and gowns (62%; 16/26). Approximately 47% (15/32) of programs that typically acquire metabolic measurements reported either ceasing or modifying metabolic measurements during COVID-19. Additionally, 62% (16/26) of the programs that previously obtained pulmonary function testing reported either ceasing or modifying pulmonary function testing. Almost 60% of respondents expressed a desire for additional guidance on exercise laboratory management during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric exercise testing laboratories largely closed during the early pandemic, with many of these programs either now open or working on a plan to open. Despite this, there remains heterogeneity in how to minimize exposure risks to patients and staff. Standardization of exercise testing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic may help reduce some of these differences. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120954816 doi: 10.1177/2150135120954816 id: cord-232657-deu921ma author: Prabhu, Shreekanth M. title: Surveillance of COVID-19 Pandemic using Hidden Markov Model date: 2020-08-14 words: 5309.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-232657-deu921ma.txt summary: Whereas the death rates of earlier SARS virus were higher than Cov-2 virus, as a pandemic COVID-19 has spread far more speedily infecting Lakhs of people. Section 3 covers the Proposed Methodology for COVID-19 Pandemic Surveillance using Hidden Markov Model. We propose to make use of Hidden Markov Model to perform surveillance of COVID-19 spread. Further after a gap of a month we reviewed the data on COVID-19 spread in India on July 11 th and arrived at the hidden states with June 10 th as the base date. We have proposed an approach that takes as input data reported from Hospitals in regard to active cases, recoveries and deaths and infers the latent state of regions as far as spread of COVID-19 is concerned. â�¢ This paper has made use of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to assess the state of spread COVID-19 Pandemic in regions based on reportage from hospitals. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has brought the whole world to a stand-still over the last few months. In particular the pace at which pandemic has spread has taken everybody off-guard. The Governments across the world have responded by imposing lock-downs, stopping/restricting travel and mandating social distancing. On the positive side there is wide availability of information on active cases, recoveries and deaths collected daily across regions. However, what has been particularly challenging is to track the spread of the disease by asymptomatic carriers termed as super-spreaders. In this paper we look at applying Hidden Markov Model to get a better assessment of extent of spread. The outcome of such analysis can be useful to Governments to design the required interventions/responses in a calibrated manner. The data we have chosen to analyze pertains to Indian scenario. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07609v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-325077-j77wbcr3 author: Prado-Gascó, Vicente title: Stay at Home and Teach: A Comparative Study of Psychosocial Risks Between Spain and Mexico During the Pandemic date: 2020-09-30 words: 8225.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325077-j77wbcr3.txt summary: Psychosocial risks arise from poor work design, organization, and management, as well as a poor social context of work, and they may result in negative psychological, physical, and social outcomes such as work-related stress, burnout, or depression (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020d). Considering that teachers are vulnerable to burnout and job stress (Zapf et al., 1999; Jennings and Greenberg, 2009; Kaur and Singh, 2014; Yerdelen et al., 2016; Travers, 2017; Makhdoom et al., 2019; Martínez-Monteagudo et al., 2019; McLean et al., 2019b; Schonfeld et al., 2019; Gu et al., 2020) , and therefore the negative consequences these can have on their health and professional performance (Bergh et al., 2018; Fornell et al., 2018; Junne et al., 2018; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020d) , it is essential to study how psychosocial risks affect this group at a time of such vulnerability and general demand as the present. abstract: CONTEXT: The emergency situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected different facets of society. Although much of the attention is focused on the health sector, other sectors such as education have also experienced profound transformations and impacts. This sector is usually highly affected by psychosocial risks, and this could be aggravated during the current health emergency. Psychosocial risks may cause health problems, lack of motivation, and a decrease of effectiveness at work, which in turn affect the quality of teaching. Despite their importance, there are hardly any studies that analyze psychosocial risks of non-university teachers during a health emergency such as that caused by COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of COVID-19 and the psychosocial risks of non-university teachers comparing Spain and Mexico during the state of alarm caused by COVID-19. METHODS: Data were collected from 421 non-university teachers (80.2% women; 56.3% from Mexico, 43.7% from Spain) aged 24–60 (M = 39.32, SD = 10.21) via a self-completed questionnaire during the pandemic from March to April 2020. RESULTS: Data analysis suggests that inequity is the most important risk, followed by work overload. Teachers appear to be moderately satisfied with the information on COVID-19 and the measures taken, while their satisfaction with the available resources is lower. When comparing the two countries, significant differences can be observed in every risk considered except for social support, with lower levels in Mexican teachers compared to Spanish ones. In the case of the perception of COVID-19 and its impact, the perception in general of levels of information, measures, and resources is better among Mexican teachers than among Spanish ones, who present higher scores of the impact of the health emergency. CONCLUSION: The results underline the importance of the professional’s perception of resources during a health emergency, which could prevent to some extent burnout and possible alterations associated with it. The measures taken by the responsible entities and the provision of information do affect teachers not only directly but also indirectly by making them more vulnerable to psychosocial risks that could affect their health and professional performance, thus affecting students as well. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101136/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566900 id: cord-339491-lyld3up2 author: Prakash, A. title: Using Machine Learning to assess Covid-19 risks date: 2020-06-23 words: 4192.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339491-lyld3up2.txt summary: A dataset based on these statistics were generated and was then fed into an unsupervised learning algorithm to reveal patterns and identify similar groups of people in the population. PARTICIPANTS: The adult population were considered for the analysis, development and validation of the model RESULTS: Of 1 million observations generated, 20% of them exhibited Covid symptoms and patterns, and 80% of them belonged to the asymptomatic and non-infected group of people. Using this, our proposed method captures these statistics along with some clinical background and generates a dataset on which we intend to apply an unsupervised learning algorithm to identify patterns and classify them into risk cohorts. Covid based research has evidently increased since the pandemic has struck and related resources are available extensively today, and this method has tried to capture these studies into an interpretable form for analysis and categorization of different risk cohorts that were validated against current data. abstract: ABSTRACT: IMPORTANCE: Identifying potential Covid-19 patients in the general population is a huge challenge at the moment. Given the low availability of infected Covid-19 patients clinical data, it is challenging to understand and comprehend similar and complex patterns in these symptomatic patients. Laboratory testing for Covid19 antigen with RT-PCR | (Reverse Transcriptase) is not possible or economical for whole populations. OBJECTIVE: To develop a Covid risk stratifier model that classifies people into different risk cohorts, based on their symptoms and validate the same. DESIGN: Analysis of Covid cases across Wuhan and New York were done to identify the course of these cases prior to being symptomatic and being hospitalised for the infection. A dataset based on these statistics were generated and was then fed into an unsupervised learning algorithm to reveal patterns and identify similar groups of people in the population. Each of these cohorts were then classified and identified into three risk levels that were validated against the real world cases and studies. SETTING: The study is based on general population. PARTICIPANTS: The adult population were considered for the analysis, development and validation of the model RESULTS: Of 1 million observations generated, 20% of them exhibited Covid symptoms and patterns, and 80% of them belonged to the asymptomatic and non-infected group of people. Upon clustering, three clinically obvious clusters were obtained, out of which the Cluster A had 20% of the symptomatic cases that were classified into one cohort, the other two cohorts, Cluster B had people with no symptoms but with high number of comorbidities and Cluster C had people with few leading indicators for the infection with few comorbidities. This was then validated against 300 participants whose data we collected as a part of a research study through our Covid-research tool and about 92% of them were classified correctly. CONCLUSION: A model was developed and validated that classifies people into Covid risk categories based on their symptoms. This can be used to monitor and track cases that rapidly transition into being symptomatic which eventually get tested positive for the infection in order to initiate early medical interventions. KEYWORDS: Covid-19, Synthetic Data, Patient Clustering, Unsupervised Learning, Risk Classification url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.20137950 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20137950 id: cord-340884-9blq86zo author: Prakash, Elapulli Sankaranarayanan title: Am I a “COVID-19 Patient” or “a Patient With COVID-19”? date: 2020-08-24 words: 628.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340884-9blq86zo.txt summary: Until recently, I believed that my not relishing phrases like "COVID-19 patient," "diabetes patient," and "hypertension patient" had something to do with my cultural background, and my being a non-native speaker of the English language. I don''t relish noun strings because, as in the 3 examples above, some patients might perceive them as dehumanizing. To give an example, a commonly used noun string "hypertension medication" may reasonably be interpreted as either medication to control hypertension or as medication that causes hypertension, by someone who is unfamiliar with the term hypertension, whereas health care professionals are unlikely to be misled by it. In conclusion, in communication targeted at the public atlarge or patients, I recommend avoiding noun strings, especially when using technical terms, to minimize ambiguity. Additionally, it is helpful for health care professionals to be mindful of noun strings that might come across as insensitive to individual patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062850/ doi: 10.1177/2374373520951669 id: cord-353004-ocnp758o author: Prakash, Lakshmanan title: COVID-19 in the operating room: a review of evolving safety protocols date: 2020-07-20 words: 4378.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353004-ocnp758o.txt summary: METHODS: A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "surgeon", "health-care workers", "protection" and "Orthopaedic Surgery". A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms "COVID-19", "Coronavirus", "surgeon", "health-care workers", "protection" and "Orthopaedic Surgery". Not much has been written on the risks involved, methods and precautions required for an orthopedic surgeon and his operating room personnel whilst carrying out surgical procedures within the theatre. He proposed an decision-making algorithm ( Fig. 1 ) for deciding whether and when to proceed with an elective surgery, based on surgical indications and predicted requirement of critical resources, including blood product transfusions, estimated length of hospital stay, and the possible requirement for post-operative ventilation and ICU care [14] . Surgeons and personnel not needed for intubation should remain outside the operating room until anesthesia induction and intubation are completed for patients with or suspected of having COVID-19 infection [24] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has already infected more than 3 million people across the world. As the healthworkers man the frontlines, the best practices model is continuously evolving as literature concerning the Coronavirus develops. METHODS: A systematic review of the available literature was performed using the keyword terms “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “surgeon”, “health-care workers”, “protection” and “Orthopaedic Surgery”. All peer-reviewed articles we could find were considered. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective trials and retrospective studies, as well as reviews and case reports, were included in this systematic review. RESULTS: Even though surgical specialties including orthopedics are on the relative sidelines of the management of this pandemic but best practices models are inevitably developed for surgical specialties. The algorithm of postpone, delay, and operate only when life-threatening conditions exist is going to be useful up to a point. CONCLUSION: The surgical staff needs to keep abreast of the latest literature concerning safety measures to be taken during surgical procedures. Review articles can go some distance in helping in this educational process. This knowledge must evolve as new information comes to light. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13037-020-00254-6 doi: 10.1186/s13037-020-00254-6 id: cord-257214-cje7sey1 author: Pranata, Raymond title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-09 words: 926.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257214-cje7sey1.txt summary: title: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many health-care providers have urged patients to limit or delay non-urgent visits to minimize the risk of transmission. The inclusion criteria were studies that compared OHCA in 2020 to previous years and reported any of the following: (1) proportion of out-of-hospital mortality, (2) proportion of unwitnessed cardiac arrest, (3) proportion of bystander CPR, or (4) proportion of shockable rhythm. Unwitnessed cardiac arrest prolonged the time from collapse to CPR, which is associated with poorer outcomes [12] . Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia-a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647947/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7 id: cord-307791-59ja1ith author: Pranata, Raymond title: Body Mass Index and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-29 words: 3870.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307791-59ja1ith.txt summary: Aim This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. The meta-analysis demonstrated that obesity was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 1.73 [1.40, 2.14], P <0.001; I2: 55.6%), mortality (OR 1.55 [1.16, 2.06], P =0.003; I2: 74.4%), and severity (OR 1.90 [1.45, 2.48], P <0.001; I2: 5.2%) in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated that increased BMI was associated with increased poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the association between obesity and poor outcome (mortality and severity) in patients with COVID-19 and explore the doseresponse relationship between BMI and poor outcome in these patients by pooling data from observational studies. Our meta-analysis showed that obesity was associated with composite poor outcome, mortality, and severity of COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Background There is mounting evidence related to the association between obesity and severity of COVID-19. However, the direct relationship of the increase in the severe COVID-19 risk factors, with an increase in body mass index (BMI), has not yet been evaluated. Aim This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and the Cochrane Central Database. The primary outcome was composite poor outcome composed of mortality and severity. The secondary outcomes were mortality and severity. Results A total of 34,390 patients from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that obesity was associated with composite poor outcome (OR 1.73 [1.40, 2.14], P <0.001; I2: 55.6%), mortality (OR 1.55 [1.16, 2.06], P =0.003; I2: 74.4%), and severity (OR 1.90 [1.45, 2.48], P <0.001; I2: 5.2%) in patients with COVID-19. A pooled analysis of highest BMI versus reference BMI indicate that a higher BMI in the patients was associated with composite poor outcome (aOR 3.02 [1.82, 5.00], P <0.001; I2: 59.8%), mortality (aOR 2.85 [1.17, 6.92], P =0.002; I2: 79.7%), and severity (aOR 3.08 [1.78, 5.33], P <0.001; I2: 11.7%). The dose-response meta-analysis showed an increased risk of composite poor outcome by aOR of 1.052 [1.028, 1.077], P <0.001 for every 5kg/m2 increase in BMI (P non-linearity <0.001). The curve became steeper with increasing BMI. Conclusion Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated that increased BMI was associated with increased poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1262363620300975?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.005 id: cord-352678-8f2ygul2 author: Prasad, Ashish title: Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading? date: 2020-08-05 words: 3488.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352678-8f2ygul2.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causal agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , is a single-stranded RNA virus with a non-segmented genome. In another study with COVID-19 patients in China, an early response of IgA instead of IgG was observed in the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 (11) . It has been observed that 5% of COVID-19 patients become critically ill with severe pneumonia and multiple-organ damage and cytokine storm might be a possible explanation for such an observation. A case study on 214 COVID-19 patients from three special care centers of Union Hospital, Wuhan, revealed that 36.4% of the infected people had neurologic symptoms (46) . The adverse effects of antiviral drugs like hydroxychloroquine, which is reported to cause acute toxic hepatitis (54) and cytokine burst, might be responsible for such high percentage of hepatic damage cases in severely ill patients. abstract: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 6. 3 million people worldwide as of 1st June 2020 and caused a global medical emergency. Healthcare professionals have been struggling to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies against the virus mainly due to the diverse range of symptoms and multiple-organ failure in infected patients. Several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are being used for treatment; however, there is yet no specific drug or vaccine against the virus. Multiple-organ failure due to hyperactivity of the immune system resulting in cytokine storms is a major reason for death among the 5% critically ill patients. In this article, we have discussed the damage caused by COVID-19 on different organs of the human body. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850890/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00370 id: cord-351845-bli3qm8w author: Prasad, Kartikay title: Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective date: 2020-06-26 words: 4626.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt summary: Towards this goal, in this study, we have generated a human-SARS-CoV-2 interactome based on recently published RNA-Seq analysis of human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, and identified disease-related functional genes that will provide the insights into the patho-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 mechanisms of COVID-19. Overall, the analysis demonstrated that the upregulated genes are mainly linked to the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, type I interferon signaling and the cytokine-mediated signaling pathway. The PPI network analysis indicates that the pathways are enriched in host response to virus infection, type I interferons signaling, and cytokine activation. [74] reported high SARS-CoV-2 loads very early during infection, suggesting that the virus may have developed arsenals that is able to delay the IFN response by inhibiting innate immune signaling. abstract: The current pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus strain, 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 have posed a serious threat to global public health and economy. It is largely unknown how the human immune system responds to this infection. A better understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 will be important to develop therapeutics against COVID-19. Here, we have used transcriptomic profile of human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and employed a network biology approach to generate human-virus interactome. Network topological analysis discovers 15 SARS-CoV-2 targets, which belongs to a subset of interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs (IFIT1, IFITM1, IRF7, ISG15, MX1, and OAS2) can be considered as potential candidates for drug targets in the treatments of COVID-19. We have identified significant interaction between ISGs and TLR3 agonists, like poly I: C, and imiquimod, and suggests that TLR3 agonists can be considered as a potential drug for drug repurposing in COVID-19. Our network centric analysis suggests that moderating the innate immune response is a valuable approach to target COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813020336837?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.228 id: cord-335610-3v8140b6 author: Prasanth, D. S. N. B. K. title: In silico identification of potential inhibitors from Cinnamon against main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 date: 2020-06-22 words: 5031.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335610-3v8140b6.txt summary: Our research study is intended to recognize the phyto-derived antiviral substances from Cinnamon against COVID-19 main protease enzyme and to understand the in silico molecular basis of its activity. Based on the above properties of Cinnamon, this research aimed to show a variety of active compounds across all Cinnamon varities and decide whether and how they interact with proteins i.e. main protease (Joshi et al., 2020) and spike protein, that are essential in the management of SARS-CoV-2. The crystal structure of Main protease (6LU7) and Spike receptor-binding domain complexed with its receptor ACE2 (6LZG) with selected top ligands identified from docking analysis such as Tenufolin (TEN) and Pavetannin C1 (PAV) were subjected to molecular dynamics using gromacs GPU enabled package. The main protease with tenufolin Spike protein (6LZG), associated with SARS was found to exhibit the best possible interaction with Pavetannin C1 (À11.1 kcal/mol) among the phytochemicals ( Table 2) . abstract: Cinnamon has been utilized to remedy a lot of afflictions of humans. Literary works illustrate that it possesses numerous biological activities. Our research study is intended to recognize the phyto-derived antiviral substances from Cinnamon against COVID-19 main protease enzyme and to understand the in silico molecular basis of its activity. In the present study, 48 isolates compounds from Cinnamon retrieved from the PubMed database, are subjected to docking analysis. Docking study was performed using Autodock vina and PyRx software. Afterwards, admetSAR, as well as DruLiTo servers, were used to investigate drug-likeness prophecy. Our study shows that the nine phytochemicals of Cinnamon are very likely against the main protease enzyme of COVID-19. Further MD simulations could identify Tenufolin (TEN) and Pavetannin C1 (PAV) as hit compounds. Utilizing contemporary strategies, these phyto-compounds from a natural origin might establish a reliable medication or support lead identification. Identified hit compounds can be further taken for in vitro and in vivo studies to examine their effectiveness versus COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32567989/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1779129 id: cord-313713-70ykst44 author: Pratap Singh, Ravi title: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for orthopaedic in COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications date: 2020-05-15 words: 2438.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313713-70ykst44.txt summary: This comprehensive review proposes the possible means of offering medical care to the orthopaedic patients through IoMT approach, during COVID-19 pandemic. The workflow process makes the connections between the essential major IoMT elements, medical appliances, and advanced technology-based devices which ultimately serve the intended functions intending to improve the patient care especially in remote areas [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] . These interconnected services include the well-systemized channel of clinical advances, a digital monitoring system for patients, smart medico-care, data analysis tools, cloud-based computing, smart bed facilities, scanning appliances, etc. The facility of providing medical services in a remote location, online and onscreen checkups, report analysis, database sharing, information computing, overall tracking and monitoring of patients are some of the major applications of IoMT. In the time of ongoing pandemic COVID-19, IoMT offers several advanced cloud-based services and facilities to serve orthopaedic patients more effectually. abstract: Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an innovative mean of amalgamating medical devices and their applications to connect with the healthcare information technology systems by using networking technologies. We have explored the possibilities of confronting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by implementing the IoMT approach while offering treatment to orthopaedic patients. The data sharing, report monitoring, patients tracking, information gathering and analysis, hygiene medical care, etc. are the various cloud and connected network-based services of IoMT. It can completely change the working layout of the healthcare facilities while treating orthopaedic patients with a superior level of care and more satisfaction, especially during this pandemic COVID-19 lockdown. Remote-location healthcare has also become feasible with the proposed IoMT approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425428/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.011 id: cord-273318-82ptu8fi author: Prats-Uribe, A. title: Heterogeneity and temporal variation in the management of COVID-19: a multinational drug utilization study including 71,921 hospitalized patients from China, South Korea, Spain, and the United States of America date: 2020-09-18 words: 4712.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273318-82ptu8fi.txt summary: Design: International network cohort Setting: Hospital electronic health records from Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (NYC, USA), Stanford (CA, USA), Tufts (MA, USA), Premier (USA), Optum EHR (USA), department of veterans affairs (USA), NFHCRD (Honghu, China) and HM Hospitals (Spain); and nationwide claims from HIRA (South Korea) Participants: patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from January to June 2020 Main outcome measures: Prescription/dispensation of any medicine on or 30 days after hospital admission date Analyses: Number and percentage of users overall and over time Results: 71,921 people were included: 304 from China, 2,089 from Spain, 7,599 from South Korea, and 61,929 from the USA. • Drug repurposing is a common approach in the clinical management of novel diseases and conditions for which there are no available pharmacotherapies • Hydroxychloroquine was widely used in the management of COVID-19 patients during the early phases of the pandemic • Recent NIH (and other) guidelines recommend the use of concomitant therapies including immune-based, antithrombotic, antibiotic and other treatments What this study adds • This study demonstrates great variability and extensive drug repurposing and utilization in the management of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Objectives: A plethora of medicines have been repurposed or used as adjunctive therapies for COVID-19. We characterized the utilization of medicines as prescribed in routine practice amongst patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in South Korea, China, Spain, and the USA. Design: International network cohort Setting: Hospital electronic health records from Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (NYC, USA), Stanford (CA, USA), Tufts (MA, USA), Premier (USA), Optum EHR (USA), department of veterans affairs (USA), NFHCRD (Honghu, China) and HM Hospitals (Spain); and nationwide claims from HIRA (South Korea) Participants: patients hospitalized for COVID-19 from January to June 2020 Main outcome measures: Prescription/dispensation of any medicine on or 30 days after hospital admission date Analyses: Number and percentage of users overall and over time Results: 71,921 people were included: 304 from China, 2,089 from Spain, 7,599 from South Korea, and 61,929 from the USA. A total of 3,455 medicines were identified. Common repurposed medicines included hydroxychloroquine (<2% in NFHCRD to 85.4% in HM), azithromycin (4.9% in NFHCRD to 56.5% in HM), lopinavir/ritonavir (<3% in all US but 34.9% in HIRA and 56.5% in HM), and umifenovir (0% in all except 78.3% in NFHCRD). Adjunctive medicines were used with great variability, with the ten most used treatments being (in descending order): bemiparin, enoxaparin, heparin, ceftriaxone, aspirin, vitamin D, famotidine, vitamin C, dexamethasone, and metformin. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin increased rapidly in use in March-April but declined steeply in May-June. Conclusions: Multiple medicines were used in the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, with substantial geographic and temporal variation. Hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir, and umifenovir (in China only) were the most prescribed repurposed medicines. Antithrombotics, antibiotics, H2 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids were often used as adjunctive treatments. Research is needed on the comparative risk and benefit of these treatments in the management of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.15.20195545 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195545 id: cord-289760-tjqd1srq author: Prats-Uribe, A. title: Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data date: 2020-05-08 words: 2785.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289760-tjqd1srq.txt summary: title: Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data We aimed to study the association between ethnicity and risk of COVID-19 infection and disentangle any correlation with socioeconomic deprivation or previous comorbidity. Analyses: Multivariable Poisson analysis to estimate incidence rate ratios of COVID-19 infection according to ethnicity, adjusted for socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking, smoking, body mass index, age, sex, and comorbidity. Socioeconomic status (adjusted RR 1.93 (1.51-2.46) for the most deprived), obesity (adjusted RR 1.04 (1.02-1.05) per kg/m2) and comorbid hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and specific renal diseases were also associated with increased risk of COVID-19. We obtained data from the UK Biobank, a large UK cohort, to unravel the associations between ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Multivariable analysis showed that socioeconomic deprivation and comorbidity were independently associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection (Figure 2 ). abstract: Objectives: Recent data suggest higher COVID-19 rates and severity in Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) communities. The mechanisms underlying such associations remain unclear. We aimed to study the association between ethnicity and risk of COVID-19 infection and disentangle any correlation with socioeconomic deprivation or previous comorbidity. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: UK Biobank linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and COVID-19 tests until 14 April 2020. Participants: UK Biobank participants from England, excluding drop-outs and deaths. Main measures: COVID-19 infection based on a positive PCR test. Ethnicity was self-reported and classified using Office of National Statistics groups. Socioeconomic status was based on index of multiple deprivation quintiles. Comorbidities were self-reported and completed from HES. Analyses: Multivariable Poisson analysis to estimate incidence rate ratios of COVID-19 infection according to ethnicity, adjusted for socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking, smoking, body mass index, age, sex, and comorbidity. Results: 415,582 participants were included, with 1,416 tested and 651 positive for COVID-19. The incidence of COVID-19 was 0.61% (95% CI: 0.46%-0.82%) in Black/Black British participants, 0.32% (0.19%-0.56%) in other ethnicities, 0.32% (0.23%-0.47%) in Asian/Asian British, 0.30% (0.11%-0.80%) in Chinese, 0.16% (0.06%-0.41%) in mixed, and 0.14% (0.13%-0.15%) in White. Compared with White participants, Black/Black British participants had an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 3.30 (2.39-4.55), Chinese participants 3.00 (1.11-8.06), Asian/Asian British participants 2.04 (1.36-3.07), other ethnicities 1.93 (1.08-3.45), and mixed ethnicities 1.07 (0.40-2.86). Socioeconomic status (adjusted RR 1.93 (1.51-2.46) for the most deprived), obesity (adjusted RR 1.04 (1.02-1.05) per kg/m2) and comorbid hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and specific renal diseases were also associated with increased risk of COVID-19. Conclusions: COVID-19 rates in the UK are higher in BAME communities, those living in deprived areas, obese patients, and patients with previous comorbidity. Public health strategies are needed to reduce COVID-19 infections among the most susceptible groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092676 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092676 id: cord-315609-naqo1m0r author: Prayuenyong, Pattarawadee title: Clinical Implications of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ototoxicity for COVID-19 Treatment: A Mini-Review date: 2020-05-29 words: 3044.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315609-naqo1m0r.txt summary: In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. Ototoxicity after chloroquine use tends to be more sudden, while Assessment of short term chloroquine-induced ototoxicity in malaria patients (14) Subramaniam and Vaswani (14) Prospective observational study 30 (Aged 14-58 years old) 1200 mg loading load then 600 mg oral every 12 hours for 2 days -2 subjects showed a change in hearing thresholds on high frequency audiometry (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) . (28) Case report of a 34-year-old woman 1 400 mg daily -Patient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after 5 months of hydroxychloroquine use. abstract: At this time of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially effective treatments are currently under urgent investigation. Benefits of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been proposed and clinical trials are underway. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, typically used for the treatment of malaria and autoimmune diseases, have been considered for off-label use in several countries. In the literature, there are reports of ototoxic effects of the drugs causing damage to the inner ear structures, which then result in hearing loss, tinnitus, and/or imbalance. This mini-review represents a summary of the findings from a systematic search regarding ototoxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the published literature. The characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss and/or tinnitus after chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment can be temporary but reports of persistent auditory and vestibular dysfunction exist. These are not frequent, but the impact can be substantial. Additionally, abnormal cochleovestibular development in the newborn was also reported after chloroquine treatment in pregnant women. The suggested dose of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection is considerably higher than the usual dosage for malaria treatment; therefore, it is plausible that the ototoxic effects will be greater. There are potential implications from this review for survivors of COVID-19 treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Patient reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance should be noted. Those with troublesome hearing loss, tinnitus and/or imbalance are encouraged to be referred for hearing evaluation and interventions once they are stable. Clinical trials of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine should also consider including audiological monitoring in the protocol. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574312/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00252 id: cord-316944-xt09q1z5 author: Preis, Heidi title: Vulnerability and Resilience to Pandemic-Related Stress Among U.S. Women Pregnant at the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-06 words: 2070.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316944-xt09q1z5.txt summary: Between April 25 and May 15, 2020, 4,451 pregnant women in the U.S. were recruited via social media to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 situational factors, as well as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). The study questionnaire included sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, race/ethnicity), medical factors (e.g., parity, chronic illness), COVID-19 situational factors (e.g., COVID-19 related income loss, being diagnosed with COVID-19), and the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy We used binary logistic regression to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odds for high levels of Preparedness Stress and Perinatal Infection Stress. In the adjusted model, high Preparedness Stress was independently predicted by nine factors: previous abuse, primiparity, unplanned pregnancy, self-reported high-risk pregnancy J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f status, multiple pregnancy, chronic illness, COVID-19 related income loss, perceiving that one had been infected, and experiencing alterations of prenatal care (AORs = 1.19-1.78). abstract: Rationale. Women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing moderate to high levels of emotional distress, which has previously been shown to be attributable to two types of pandemic-related pregnancy stress: stress associated with feeling unprepared for birth due to the pandemic (Preparedness Stress) and stress related to fears of perinatal COVID-19 infection (Perinatal Infection Stress). Objective. Given the well-documented harms associated with elevated prenatal stress and the critical importance of developing appropriately targeted interventions, we investigated factors predictive of pandemic-related pregnancy stress. Method. Between April 25 and May 15, 2020, 4,451 pregnant women in the U.S. were recruited via social media to complete an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic, medical, and COVID-19 situational factors, as well as the Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS). Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for high stress. Results. Nearly 30% of participants reported high Preparedness Stress; a similar proportion reported high Perinatal Infection Stress. Abuse history, chronic illness, income loss due to the pandemic, perceived risk of having had COVID-19, alterations to prenatal appointments, high-risk pregnancy, and being a woman of color were associated with greater levels of one or both types of stress. Access to outdoor space, older age, and engagement in healthy behaviors were protective against stress. Conclusions. Practices that may alleviate pandemic-related stress such as minimizing disruptions to prenatal care, ensuring access to outdoor space, and motivating engagement in health behaviors are of vital importance. Particular attention is needed for more vulnerable populations including women of color, women with a history of abuse, and those with high-risk pregnancy. Research focused on the short and longer-term impact of pandemic-related pregnancy stress on maternal mental and physical health, perinatal outcomes, and child development is critical to identify these effects and marshal appropriate resources to reduce them. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277953620305670 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113348 id: cord-256705-gexh2wtd author: Prescott, K. title: COVID-19: how prepared are front-line healthcare workers in England? date: 2020-04-24 words: 2069.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256705-gexh2wtd.txt summary: In view of this, a cross-sectional survey of front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large acute NHS hospital trusts in England was undertaken to assess their confidence and perceived level of preparedness for the virus. As such we carried out an online cross sectional questionnaire based survey of front line HCW at two large acute NHS hospital Trusts in England to ascertain how prepared they felt to manage COVID-19. We designed an online cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey using Online Surveys (formerly BOS) to ascertain how confident and prepared front line HCW felt in managing potential COVID-19 cases. At the time the survey went live work in both hospital Trusts had already begun to prepare front line HCW for COVID-19. As the threat of COVID-19 grows, we wanted to assess how confident our front line HCW felt to manage possible cases. abstract: National efforts are underway to prepare the UK National Health Service (NHS) for the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the efficacy of these interventions is unknown. In view of this, a cross-sectional survey of front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large acute NHS hospital trusts in England was undertaken to assess their confidence and perceived level of preparedness for the virus. The survey found that there has been moderate success in readying HCWs to manage COVID-19, but that more still needs to be done, particularly in relation to educating HCWs about laboratory diagnostics. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120302061 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.031 id: cord-307690-1qqyixun author: Preti, Emanuele title: Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic date: 2020-11-10 words: 5275.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307690-1qqyixun.txt summary: Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we aim at tracing some clinical hypotheses on the negative psychological effects of pandemic situations in people with PDs. Furthermore, we aim at investigating the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies on this topic, we adopted the following steps in the description of results: (1) we provided a description of the main features of PDs for each cluster; (2) we mentioned the main literature investigating the association between PDs of each cluster and other psychiatric disorders; (3) on the basis of the literature on pandemic (e.g., [4••] ) and quarantine (e.g., [1••] ) mental health impact, we hypothesized a plausible relation between PDs of each cluster and specific psychological/psychiatric outcomes, as well as problems in compliance with mitigation measures. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We report evidence on the negative psychological effects of pandemics in people with personality disorders (PDs) and on the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we trace some clinical hypotheses. RECENT FINDINGS: Paranoid traits and detachment (cluster A) might lead to worse psychological outcomes. Cluster B patients may show more intense stress-related reactions and react strongly to social distancing, especially considering borderline personality disorder. Cluster C patients might be particularly prone to anxiety and stress due to fear of contagion and may be less flexible in adaptation to new routines. Evidence on compliance with mitigation measures is mixed, with lower compliance in cluster B patients and higher in cluster C ones. SUMMARY: We suggest that PD patients might be particularly affected by pandemics. Furthermore, they might react differently, according to their main diagnosis. Similarly, compliance with mitigation measures may differ according to specific PDs. Our results should be considered as a starting point to reflect on therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the post-COVID-19 situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w id: cord-293609-wymqvwjt author: Price, Alex title: Online Gambling in the Midst of COVID-19: A Nexus of Mental Health Concerns, Substance Use and Financial Stress date: 2020-07-13 words: 7348.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293609-wymqvwjt.txt summary: A cross-sectional online survey of 2005 gamblers, including a sub-sample of 1081 online gamblers (age 18 years and older), was administered to assess risky gambling behaviours and motivations, financial impacts from COVID-19, the influence of COVID-19 on online gambling, mental health concerns and substance use. Among high-risk online gamblers, the most predictive risk factors included moderate and severe anxiety and depression, reduced work hours, being influenced to gamble due to COVID-19, gambling under the influence of cannabis or alcohol and risky gambling motives tied to mental health concerns, including gambling because it helps with nervousness and depression, chasing gambling losses and seeking to earn income. Despite the research evidence, our holistic understanding of the intersection of risky gambling behaviours, financial crisis and stress, negative mental health outcomes and substance use has yet to consider the specific effects of online gambling during a time of increased social isolation and significant economic instability. abstract: This study examined the emerging impact of COVID-19 on gambling during the first 6 weeks of emergency measures in Ontario, Canada. A cross-sectional online survey of 2005 gamblers, including a sub-sample of 1081 online gamblers (age 18 years and older), was administered to assess risky gambling behaviours and motivations, financial impacts from COVID-19, the influence of COVID-19 on online gambling, mental health concerns and substance use. A series of odds ratio comparisons and measures of association were carried out. Results show significant likelihood of online gambling among those classified as high-risk gamblers (according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index) and those with past experience of online gambling, though migration from land-based gambling was apparent. Among high-risk online gamblers, the most predictive risk factors included moderate and severe anxiety and depression, reduced work hours, being influenced to gamble due to COVID-19, gambling under the influence of cannabis or alcohol and risky gambling motives tied to mental health concerns, including gambling because it helps with nervousness and depression, chasing gambling losses and seeking to earn income. This study has confirmed many of the risk associations presented in emerging COVID-19-related studies and past research on global economic crisis relating to gambling risk, mental health concerns and substance use. However, unlike many past studies, the present paper takes note of all of these elements holistically and provides incremental clarity on online gambling risk factors during the pandemic, specifically. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00366-1 id: cord-263568-ea3k2i69 author: Price, Elizabeth title: Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? date: 2020-07-22 words: 765.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263568-ea3k2i69.txt summary: title: Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? Could the severity of COVID-19 be increased by low gastric acidity? Could low gastric acidity increase the risk of a severe COVID-19 illness? Although it is primarily a respiratory infection, gastrointestinal involvement from swallowed coronaviruses is reported for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus of COVID-19 [1, 2] ), as well as SARS-CoV-1 [3] and MERS-CoV viruses [4] . As well as protection related to immunological factors and possible differences in the ACE2 receptor concentrations in their lungs, children (other than infants) generally have good levels of gastric acid. To determine whether gastric acid gives some protection from COVID-19, the amount of antacids and acid-reducing drugs used by patients with severe infections could be compared with the amount used by patients with mild or no disease. If there is evidence for some protection by gastric acidity, stopping antacids and acid-reducing medications could be considered, particularly at times when patients are at increased risk. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698857/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03182-0 id: cord-296694-2js639bk author: Price, Laura C title: Thrombosis and COVID-19 pneumonia: the clot thickens! date: 2020-06-18 words: 2396.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296694-2js639bk.txt summary: The true prevalence of thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection is unknown, as most studies to date do not include systematic and comprehensive investigation protocols. Two recent Dutch studies have reported cumulative incidences of thrombotic events between 48 and 49% respectively in their ICUs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia [10, 11] . refine this further by describing a 50% cumulative incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), diagnosed by CT-pulmonary angiogram (PA), in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in two hospitals of the University of Paris (ERJ ref Bompard). In addition to ACE2 mediated SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, recent reports of affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CD147, a membrane glycoprotein and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expressed on a variety of haematopoietic cell lines, suggest another potentially novel mechanism of thrombosis and inflammation in the arterial and venous circulations [27] . High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients abstract: Pulmonary thrombosis appears to be common in Covid-19 pneumonia and takes two forms, proximal pulmonary emboli and/or distal thrombosis. We hypothesise mechanisms and discuss clinical implications. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01608-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01608-2020 id: cord-302271-js06pel9 author: Primorac, Dragan title: Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model date: 2020-05-06 words: 1799.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302271-js06pel9.txt summary: Croatian Football Federation, with its Medical Committee, is launching a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players with a particular emphasis on diagnosing COVID-19 before returning to training and competitive football. the list of medical examinations that players must undergo in order to be eligible to participate in UEFA competitions, we hereby propose a model for screening professional football players returning to the field after the lift of the ban on all sport activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides pre-season physical examination (primarily 12-lead ECG, spirometry with bronchodilatation test, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test) and medical examination defined by the UEFA Medical Regulations (for the next season), we are proposing that every football player from the Croatian first National League must have negative consecutive two RT-qPCR COVID-19 pharyngeal swabs over a 5-day interval. In addition to limiting the potential of viral spread with the start of regular sport activities, the results of this screening protocol will allow us to estimate how many football players have been infected nationally. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010352 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010352 id: cord-273022-r2rz2onv author: Primov-Fever, Adi title: Songbirds Must Sing: How Artistic Voice Users Perceive Their Voice in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 words: 2841.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273022-r2rz2onv.txt summary: METHODS: A total of 110 participants volunteered for the study: 57 professional artistic voice users (34 singers and 19 actors) and a control group of 53 nonprofessional voice users. All participants completed three questionnaires related to their self-assessment of their voice, their voice difficulties, vocal training, and current stress in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, within the professional group, singers reported practicing their voice in the time of the COVID-19 significantly more than actors (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Professional artistic voice users experience the COVID-19 pandemic as a stressful time, with negative effects on their well-being and specifically on their voice. The remaining three composite scales were calculated as sums of item scores and exhibited acceptable reliability, with alpha = 0.85 for "voice difficulties"; alpha = .86 for "vocal training"; and alpha = 0.69 for "current stress." The validated CV-19 questionnaire is presented in the appendix, for future research and clinical application. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical disruption in the music and performing arts industry, and affected singers and other artists. This study was designed to examine the effect of this unique time on artistic voice users, the way they perceive their voice and their voice-related behaviors. METHODS: A total of 110 participants volunteered for the study: 57 professional artistic voice users (34 singers and 19 actors) and a control group of 53 nonprofessional voice users. All participants completed three questionnaires related to their self-assessment of their voice, their voice difficulties, vocal training, and current stress in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, artistic voice users were more concerned about their voice (P < 0.001), practiced their voice more often (P < 0.001), and experienced more anxiety and stress (P < 0.05). In addition, within the professional group, singers reported practicing their voice in the time of the COVID-19 significantly more than actors (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Professional artistic voice users experience the COVID-19 pandemic as a stressful time, with negative effects on their well-being and specifically on their voice. This should be considered in the treatment and maintenance of their voice and professional career at current and future stressful times. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199720302782 doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.07.030 id: cord-337831-f408yix9 author: Prince, David S title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia date: 2020-06-23 words: 434.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337831-f408yix9.txt summary: title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology trainees in Australia We would like to formally acknowledge the Australian gastroenterology advanced trainees who took part in this survey to participate. The majority (66/83, 79.5%) of ATs reported concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on training with limited access to endoscopy training being the greatest concern (72/83, 87%). Twenty-five ATs (30%) were prohibited from performing emergency endoscopy due to safety concerns. This survey highlights that COVID-19 has raised significant concerns for Australian gastroenterology ATs particularly in relation to endoscopy training. Indeed, it is likely that in nations more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic the impact on trainees may be longer and more profound. In conclusion, we hope our survey can help to inform and guide modifications to training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Considerations for Australian endoscopy units during the COVID19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32578262/ doi: 10.1111/jgh.15159 id: cord-301975-hcinajry author: Proaño, Christian R. title: On the Macroeconomic and Social Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Latin America and the Developing World date: 2020-06-07 words: 2014.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301975-hcinajry.txt summary: While the COVID-19 pandemic posits a signifi cant challenge to all societies around the world, it also reveals in the most dramatic manner the many abysmal differences between so-called advanced economies and the developing world. While most advanced economies have been able to readily approve and implement fi scal stimuli of a signifi cant dimension -whether the German initiatives or the $2 trillion US stimulus package -and in France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom public-sector liquidity support programmes each above 10% of the respective GDPs have been announced (International Monetary Fund, 2020, 2) , the fi scal space and the general capability of developing and low-income countries to confront the current coronavirus crisis is far more limited. First and foremost, the existing intensive care capacities, direly needed for the patients'' medical treatment against COVID-19, in developing countries are dramatically behind those of advanced economies. abstract: While the COVID-19 pandemic posits a significant challenge to all societies around the world, it also reveals in the most dramatic manner the many abysmal differences between so-called advanced economies and the developing world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536713/ doi: 10.1007/s10272-020-0889-x id: cord-332420-9vyik2e9 author: Probst, Thomas title: Being a Psychotherapist in Times of the Novel Coronavirus Disease: Stress-Level, Job Anxiety, and Fear of Coronavirus Disease Infection in More Than 1,500 Psychotherapists in Austria date: 2020-09-29 words: 5008.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt summary: This study investigated stress-level, degree of job-related anxiety, and fear of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in psychotherapists in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. One thousand five hundred and forty-seven psychotherapists participated in an online survey, assessing stress [Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)], work-related worries and fears of existence [Job Anxiety Scale (JAS)], fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy, and adherence to five protective measures against COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the stress-level, degree of job-related worries and fears of existence, as well as fear of COVID-19 infection in psychotherapists in the early weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. Table 2 shows the means and SDs. Between psychotherapists treating only face-to-face (n = 31), face-to-face as well as via teletherapy (telephone or internet, n = 618), only via teletherapy (telephone or internet, n = 793), or not at all (n = 105) in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown, stress-levels, F(3, 1,543) = 1.462, p = 0.223, and job-related worries and fears of existence, F(3, 1,543) = 0.304, p = 0.823, did not differ. abstract: This study investigated stress-level, degree of job-related anxiety, and fear of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in psychotherapists in the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. One thousand five hundred and forty-seven psychotherapists participated in an online survey, assessing stress [Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)], work-related worries and fears of existence [Job Anxiety Scale (JAS)], fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy, and adherence to five protective measures against COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy. Stress-levels were higher than in a representative sample (p < 0.001). When psychotherapy was the sole income, stress-level (p = 0.020) and job anxiety (p < 0.001) were higher. Experiences with teletherapy, the psychotherapy format used during COVID-19, as well as reductions in number of patients treated during COVID-19, had no effect on stress-level or job anxiety. Psychotherapists still conducting face-to-face psychotherapy during COVID-19 reported less fear of infection compared to those conducting no face-to-face psychotherapy (p < 0.001), whereby the fear of infection was further reduced when they were more able to adhere to protective measures against COVID-19 (p < 0.01). Mental hygiene is important for psychotherapists to manage stress and job-related anxiety during COVID-19, especially in those whose income relies on psychotherapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132965/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559100 id: cord-308168-kte6btc6 author: Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann title: Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information date: 2020-04-11 words: 1754.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308168-kte6btc6.txt summary: This effort involves guidelines for the following: organization of unit space and/or isolation rooms or special areas for suspected or confirmed cases, policies for visitation by parents and family, and adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE) during delivery of a suspected or positive COVID-19 mother or during neonatal care. Important questions related to respiratory management during the immediate postpartum period of infants born from suspected or positive COVID-19 mothers, and the necessary protection that health care providers should use, have been addressed. 26---28 Given the lack of strong and clear scientific evidence during this pandemic, and until more information becomes available, health care providers should use full PPE during respiratory care of infants with suspected or confirmed cases. Also, it is recommended that infants with suspected or positive COVID-19 infection should be treated in negative pressure rooms or isolated using a 2-m distance between incubators in open plan NICUs. Two final points deserve special attention: immediate endotracheal intubation and use of bacterial/viral filters. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32298645/ doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.04.002 id: cord-307570-8f83k2ce author: Prodromos, Chadwick title: Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review date: 2020-10-05 words: 2765.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt summary: The first is that HCQ appears to be consistently effective for the 83 treatment of COVID-19 when used early in the course of disease in the outpatient setting, and is 84 generally more effective the earlier it is used. 88 TIMING OF HCQ USE: It was striking that 100% of the 11 studies which used HCQ early in the disease on 89 an outpatient basis showed positive results. Multiple papers reporting both improvement and no efficacy using 160 hydroxychloroquine that have been included in the study are either pre-prints or preliminary results of 161 larger trials. Hydroxychloroquine is associated with slower viral clearance in clinical COVID-19 patients with mild to 210 moderate disease: A retrospective study, medRxiv Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: Preliminary 268 results from a multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial, medRxiv Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and 303 azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study abstract: Introduction Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has shown efficacy against COVID-19 in some but not all studies. We hypothesized that systematic review would show HCQ to be: effective against COVID-19, more effective when used earlier, not associated with worsening, and safe. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane, EmBase, Google Scholar, and Google for all reports on hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 patients. This included pre-prints and preliminary reports on larger COVID-19 studies. We examined the studies for efficacy, time of administration and safety. Results HCQ was found consistently effective against COVID-19 when used early, in the outpatient setting. It was found overall effective also including inpatient studies. No unbiased study found worse outcomes with HCQ use. No mortality or serious safety adverse event was found Conclusions HCQ is consistently effective against COVID-19 when used early in the outpatient setting, it is overall effective against COVID-19, it has not produced worsening, it is safe. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2052297520301281 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100776 id: cord-350207-izkzl39p author: Prost, Stephanie Grace title: Prisons and COVID-19: A Desperate Call for Gerontological Expertise in Correctional Health Care date: 2020-07-24 words: 2327.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350207-izkzl39p.txt summary: Amidst the unfolding COVID-19 crisis, associated knowledge and skills surrounding older adulthood will be critical to assuring the needs of older adults incarcerated in prisons are met during their detention, while undergoing off-site intervention in community settings, and when preparing for release. Critical gerontological knowledge and skills needed in prison health care include awareness regarding the unusual clinical presentations of COVID-19 among older adults, deconditioning among older adults due to immobility, challenges in prognostication, and advance care planning with older adults. As gerontologists are skilled communicators and experts at training, they are needed to empower prison health care professionals to engage in these critical discussions with their older adult patients in the midst of the pandemic. Gaps in knowledge and skills among prison health care professionals regarding older adults will have dire consequences for the incarcerated population, staff, and the surrounding communities (Volpenhein & Candisky, 2020) . abstract: The large and continued growth of the older adult population within U.S. prisons affects not only criminal justice policy and correctional health practice, but also gerontology. Amidst the unfolding COVID-19 crisis, associated knowledge and skills surrounding older adulthood will be critical to assuring the needs of older adults incarcerated in prisons are met during their detention, while undergoing off-site intervention in community settings, and when preparing for release. We outline several key areas for which gerontologists and associated practitioners are especially well suited in the effort to curtail morbidity and mortality driven by the disease caused by the novel coronavirus. Critical gerontological knowledge and skills needed in prison health care include awareness regarding the unusual clinical presentations of COVID-19 among older adults, deconditioning among older adults due to immobility, challenges in prognostication, and advance care planning with older adults. Specific, targeted opportunities for gerontologists are identified to reduce growing risks for older adults incarcerated in prisons. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa088 doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa088 id: cord-314810-ny4mnzqc author: Provenzi, Livio title: The Little Professor and the Virus: Scaffolding Children’s Meaning Making During the COVID-19 Emergency date: 2020-08-13 words: 2134.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314810-ny4mnzqc.txt summary: In sum, scaffolding children''s meaning-making process during the present pandemic is crucial to help them cope with the emergency situation and to avoid the overwhelming and traumatic effects of misleading or partial cognitive appraisal and emotional over-reactions. After all, it is in the reciprocal and mutual exchange of affective states that happen within the parent-child relationship, that children can develop appropriate and successful emotional regulation strategies and resilience to stress (28) . Indeed, previous research suggests that family-based narrative approaches provide a structured opportunity to elicit parents'' and children''s meaning-making, assemble divergent storylines into a shared family narrative, and thereby enhance members'' skills to cope with stressful and traumatic events developing hope and trust in family support (29) . Additionally, far from hinder this intuitive thinking, adults can engage in a careful listening of children emotional world and they can understand which are the elements contributing to the emergent meaning-making process that they are developing (32) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903863/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00817 id: cord-265899-skpkuzyu author: Pryzdial, Edward L. G. title: Antiviral anticoagulation date: 2020-07-06 words: 5658.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265899-skpkuzyu.txt summary: 129 Although known as the cold sore virus and typically not life threatening, there are numerous correlations between HSV1 and other members of the herpesvirus family to cardiovascular disease, 130, 131 suggesting links to TF: (i) HSV1 seropositivity is associated with a 2-fold increase in myocardial infarction incidence and death due to coronary heart disease 113 ; (ii) fibrin deposits in the microvasculature are linked to HSV1 infection 132, 133 ; (iii) DIC in neonates may occur during severe HSV1 infection 134 ; (iv) HSV2 is linked to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke due to DIC 107, 135 ; (v) a history of CMV infection is linked to subclinical and clinical arterial thickening [136] [137] [138] ; (vi) CMV is strongly correlated to accelerated atherosclerosis in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients [139] [140] [141] [142] ; and (vii) CMV infection is a strong risk factor for restenosis after angioplasty. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel envelope virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Hallmarks of COVID‐19 are a puzzling form of thrombophilia that has elevated D‐dimer but only modest effects on other parameters of coagulopathy. This is combined with severe inflammation, often leading to acute respiratory distress and possible lethality. Coagulopathy and inflammation are interconnected by the transmembrane receptor, tissue factor (TF), which initiates blood clotting as a cofactor for factor VIIa (FVIIa)‐mediated factor Xa (FXa) generation. TF also functions from within the nascent TF/FVIIa/FXa complex to trigger profound changes via protease‐activated receptors (PARs) in many cell types, including SARS‐CoV‐2–trophic cells. Therefore, aberrant expression of TF may be the underlying basis of COVID‐19 symptoms. Evidence suggests a correlation between infection with many virus types and development of clotting‐related symptoms, ranging from heart disease to bleeding, depending on the virus. Since numerous cell types express TF and can act as sites for virus replication, a model envelope virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), has been used to investigate the uptake of TF into the envelope. Indeed, HSV1 and other viruses harbor surface TF antigen, which retains clotting and PAR signaling function. Strikingly, envelope TF is essential for HSV1 infection in mice, and the FXa‐directed oral anticoagulant apixaban had remarkable antiviral efficacy. SARS‐CoV‐2 replicates in TF‐bearing epithelial and endothelial cells and may stimulate and integrate host cell TF, like HSV1 and other known coagulopathic viruses. Combined with this possibility, the features of COVID‐19 suggest that it is a TFopathy, and the TF/FVIIa/FXa complex is a feasible therapeutic target. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12406 doi: 10.1002/rth2.12406 id: cord-273604-0w5shxmf author: Psevdos, George title: Halting a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a U.S. Veterans Affairs Nursing Home date: 2020-11-03 words: 1241.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273604-0w5shxmf.txt summary: Faced with a dwindling supply of PPE, the Infection Control team distributed supplies saved for a possible Ebola outbreak; A COVID unit was created within the nursing home facilitating the geographic isolation of cases; universal testing of residents and employees allowed for the implementation of proper quarantine measures. 7 Although nationally the virus spreads like wildfire in nursing homes (among residents and working staff), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) reported lower COVID-19 rates in their affiliated nursing homes in a U.S. Congressional hearing. Swift detection by rapid RT-PCR testing of all asymptomatic carriers (residents and employees via universal testing) and implementation of strict infection control and isolation measures are pivotal in containing and thus eliminating a COVID-19 outbreak. Universal and Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility for Veterans Hospital affiliated long term care facility COVID-19 containment strategy by using prevalence testing and infection control practices abstract: A Veterans Affairs long term care facility on Long Island New York was confronted with a COVID-19 outbreak in late March to Mid-April 2020. Faced with a dwindling supply of PPE, the Infection Control team distributed supplies saved for a possible Ebola outbreak; A COVID unit was created within the nursing home facilitating the geographic isolation of cases; universal testing of residents and employees allowed for the implementation of proper quarantine measures. It was a multidisciplinary team approach led by the Infection Control team that successfully contained this outbreak. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0196655320309640 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.022 id: cord-262069-j3x08scy author: Puglisi, Lisa B. title: Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States date: 2020-09-09 words: 956.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262069-j3x08scy.txt summary: title: Estimation of COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Ratio in a Large Urban Jail in the United States The basic reproduction ratio ( ) for the virus was estimated to be close to 3 in the prison population, far higher than for the general population (2) . We estimate the of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in a large urban jail in the United States. We used a dynamic transmission model to calculate for a large urban jail in a U.S. city with an ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. The model is a modified SEIR model and includes the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f following COVID-19 disease states: susceptible ( ), exposed ( ), infected symptomatic ( ), infected asymptomatic ( ), quarantined ( ), hospitalized ( ), recovered ( ), and dead ( ). abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047279720303471?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.09.002 id: cord-312795-0e4esl2o author: Puig-Domingo, M. title: COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology date: 2020-04-11 words: 2636.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312795-0e4esl2o.txt summary: People with diabetes in particular are among those in high-risk categories who can have serious illness if they get the virus, according to the data published so far from the Chinese researchers, but other endocrine diseases such as obesity, malnutrition, and adrenal insufficiency may also be impacted by COVID-19. Contacting the healthcare provider team by telephone, email, or videoconference is also mandatory in case of possible symptoms of COVID-19 infection in order to seek advice concerning the measures to avoid risk of deterioration of diabetes control or the possibility to be referred to another specialist (pneumologist or infectious disease doctor) or in the Emergency Services of the referral hospital to avoid the most serious systemic complication of the viral infection itself. For all these reasons, patients with adrenal insufficiency may be at higher risk of medical complications and eventually at increased mortality risk in the case of COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5 doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02294-5 id: cord-320315-p85irulf author: Pulia, Michael S. title: COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the Emergency Department date: 2020-08-07 words: 2286.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320315-p85irulf.txt summary: Patients with COVID-19 infection can present with a wide spectrum of illness severity and nonspecific clinical features (eg, cough, dyspnea) that overlap substantially with other common acute respiratory conditions such as asthma, congestive heart failure, and bronchitis. 13 Given the lack of widespread access to accurate and rapid COVID-19 diagnostics, including the absence of point-of-care assays, it is incredibly difficult to differentiate COVID-19 from other acute respiratory conditions for which antibiotics are generally indicated (eg, community-acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations). COVID-19: An Emerging Threat to Antibiotic Stewardship in the ED role of host response biomarkers in helping clinicians identify bacterial infections in patients with acute respiratory illnesses. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating known challenges to optimal antibiotic stewardship in the ED, representing an additional direct threat to patient safety and public health via antibiotic overprescribing and promotion of bacterial resistance. Role of rapid diagnostics for viral respiratory infections in antibiotic prescribing decision in the emergency department abstract: While current research efforts focus primarily on identifying patient level interventions that mitigate the direct impact of COVID-19, it is important to consider the collateral effects of COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance. Early reports suggest high rates of antibiotic utilization in COVID-19 patients despite their lack of direct activity against viral pathogens. The ongoing pandemic is exacerbating known barriers to optimal antibiotic stewardship in the ED, representing an additional direct threat to patient safety and public health. There is an urgent need for research analyzing overall and COVID-19 specific antibiotic prescribing trends in the ED. Optimizing ED stewardship during COVID-19 will likely require a combination of traditional stewardship approaches (e.g. academic detailing, provider education, care pathways) and effective implementation of host response biomarkers and rapid COVID-19 diagnostics. Antibiotic stewardship interventions with demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on ED prescribing should be widely disseminated and inform the ongoing pandemic response. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48848 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48848 id: cord-320636-mvtux07x author: Pullano, G. title: Underdetection of COVID-19 cases in France in the exit phase following lockdown date: 2020-08-12 words: 5252.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320636-mvtux07x.txt summary: Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. In France, the surveillance strategy implemented by authorities to exit lockdown on May 11, 2020 was multifold 2,3 and based on an expanded case definition for COVID-19 suspect cases to guide clinical diagnosis 4 ; recommendations to the general population to seek healthcare even in presence of mild symptoms; prescription of diagnostic tests to suspect cases by general practitioners for systematic and comprehensive testing; isolation of confirmed cases and tracing of their contacts. Here we estimated the rate of detection of COVID-19 symptomatic cases in France in May-June 2020 after lockdown, through the use of virological and participatory syndromic surveillance data coupled with mathematical transmission models calibrated to regional hospitalizations. abstract: A novel testing policy was implemented in May in France to systematically screen potential COVID-19 infections and suppress local outbreaks while lifting lockdown restrictions. 20,736 virologically-confirmed cases were reported in mainland France from May 13, 2020 (week 20, end of lockdown) to June 28 (week 26). Accounting for missing data and the delay from symptom onset to confirmation test, this corresponds to 7,258 [95% CI 7,160-7,336] cases with symptom onset during this period, a likely underestimation of the real number. Using age-stratified transmission models parameterized to behavioral data and calibrated to regional hospital admissions, we estimated that 69,115 [58,072-77,449] COVID-19 symptomatic cases occurred, suggesting that 9 out of 10 cases with symptoms were not ascertained. Median detection rate increased from 7% [6-9]% to 31% [28-35]% over time, with regional estimates varying from 11% (Grand Est) to 78% (Normandy) by the end of June. Healthcare-seeking behavior in COVID-19 suspect cases remained low (31%) throughout the period. Model projections for the incidence of symptomatic cases (4.5 [3.9-5.0] per 100,000) were compatible with estimates integrating participatory and virological surveillance data, assuming all suspect cases consulted. Encouraging healthcare-seeking behavior and awareness in suspect cases is critical to improve detection. Substantially more aggressive and efficient testing with easier access is required to act as a pandemic-fighting tool. These elements should be considered in light of the currently observed resurgence of cases in France and other European countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.20171744 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20171744 id: cord-259523-92hz534s author: Pullen, Lara C. title: COVID‐19: transplant works toward adaptation date: 2020-09-29 words: 1642.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259523-92hz534s.txt summary: These recommendations state that during the COVID-19 pandemic, deceased donor kidney transplantations should be performed only if it is possible to transplant a SARS-CoV-2 negative organ into a SARS-CoV-2 negative patient, and that renal transplantation should be prioritized for recipients facing urgent clinical conditions "because frequent healthcare contact due to the severity of their underlying disease means that these patients will remain at high risk for acquiring SARS-CoV-2, a risk that might be greater than the risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition through successful transplantation," says Dr. Remuzzi. Currently, the American Society of Transplantation and the ISOT do not recommend the use of organs from living donors who are SARS-CoV-2 positive or classifi ed as high risk after screening. Recently, colleagues at Dr. Remuzzi''s institution reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the kidney, and the potential for donor-derived COVID-19 infection remains unknown. Dr. Potena estimates that in a typical winter, 20 to 25% of the transplant center''s patients have COVID-like symptoms. abstract: This month's installment of “The AJT Report” explores some remaining questions about how the transplant community should adapt to the changing landscape created by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also look at how xenotransplantation may soon be viewed in a different light. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32996294/ doi: 10.1111/ajt.16298 id: cord-282009-a83mun7u author: Pundir, Hemlata title: Using Chou’s 5-steps rule to study pharmacophore-based virtual screening of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors date: 2020-10-20 words: 6213.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282009-a83mun7u.txt summary: To identify possible inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, we applied the Pharmacophore-based virtual screening method following Chou''s 5-step rule [16] , molecular docking, drug-like analysis, and toxicity prediction (Fig. 1) . After the pharmacophore-based screening using Chou''s 5-steps rule, we performed the molecular docking of all screened compounds with crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. After successful completion of MDS, the MD trajectories were used to calculate root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (R g ), hydrogen bonds, solvent accessible surface area (SASA) [28] , principal component analysis (PCA) [29] , and distance to analyze the stability of Mpro and Mpro-ligand complex. Pharmacophore-based screening by Chou''s 5-steps rule X77 binds to the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with binding energy − 8.4 kcal/mol as shown in Fig. 2 . abstract: ABSTRACT: Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. It is responsible for the deaths of millions of people and has caused global economic and social disruption. The numbers of COVID-19 cases are increasing exponentially across the world. Control of this pandemic disease is challenging because there is no effective drug or vaccine available against this virus and this situation demands an urgent need for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential medicines. In this regard, the main protease (Mpro) has emerged as an essential drug target as it plays a vital role in virus replication and transcription. In this research, we have identified two novel potent inhibitors of the Mpro (PubChem3408741 and PubChem4167619) from PubChem database by pharmacophore-based high-throughput virtual screening. The molecular docking, toxicity, and pharmacophore analysis indicate that these compounds may act as potential anti-viral candidates. The molecular dynamic simulation along with the binding free energy calculation by MMPBSA showed that these compounds bind to Mpro enzyme with high stability over 50 ns. Our results showed that two compounds: PubChem3408741 and PubChem4167619 had the binding free energy of − 94.02 kJ mol(−1) and − 122.75 kJ mol(−1), respectively, as compared to reference X77 (− 76.48 kJ mol(−1)). Based on our work’s findings, we propose that these compounds can be considered as lead molecules for targeting Mpro enzyme and they can be potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. These inhibitors could be tested in vitro and explored for effective drug development against COVID-19. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10148-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-020-10148-5 doi: 10.1007/s11030-020-10148-5 id: cord-355218-eici4eit author: Punn, Narinder Singh title: Automated diagnosis of COVID-19 with limited posteroanterior chest X-ray images using fine-tuned deep neural networks date: 2020-10-17 words: 5950.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355218-eici4eit.txt summary: Recently, with the release of publicly available datasets of corona positive patients comprising of computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) imaging; scientists, researchers and healthcare experts are contributing for faster and automated diagnosis of COVID-19 by identifying pulmonary infections using deep learning approaches to achieve better cure and treatment. Following from this context, this article presents the random oversampling and weighted class loss function approach for unbiased fine-tuned learning (transfer learning) in various state-of-the-art deep learning approaches such as baseline ResNet, Inception-v3, Inception ResNet-v2, DenseNet169, and NASNetLarge to perform binary classification (as normal and COVID-19 cases) and also multi-class classification (as COVID-19, pneumonia, and normal case) of posteroanterior CXR images. [31] proposed a deep convolutional neural network based automatic prediction model of COVID-19 with the help of pre-trained transfer models using CXR images. Detection of coronavirus (covid-19) associated pneumonia based on generative adversarial networks and a fine-tuned deep transfer learning model using chest x-ray dataset abstract: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome that resembles pneumonia. The current diagnostic procedure of COVID-19 follows reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based approach which however is less sensitive to identify the virus at the initial stage. Hence, a more robust and alternate diagnosis technique is desirable. Recently, with the release of publicly available datasets of corona positive patients comprising of computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) imaging; scientists, researchers and healthcare experts are contributing for faster and automated diagnosis of COVID-19 by identifying pulmonary infections using deep learning approaches to achieve better cure and treatment. These datasets have limited samples concerned with the positive COVID-19 cases, which raise the challenge for unbiased learning. Following from this context, this article presents the random oversampling and weighted class loss function approach for unbiased fine-tuned learning (transfer learning) in various state-of-the-art deep learning approaches such as baseline ResNet, Inception-v3, Inception ResNet-v2, DenseNet169, and NASNetLarge to perform binary classification (as normal and COVID-19 cases) and also multi-class classification (as COVID-19, pneumonia, and normal case) of posteroanterior CXR images. Accuracy, precision, recall, loss, and area under the curve (AUC) are utilized to evaluate the performance of the models. Considering the experimental results, the performance of each model is scenario dependent; however, NASNetLarge displayed better scores in contrast to other architectures, which is further compared with other recently proposed approaches. This article also added the visual explanation to illustrate the basis of model classification and perception of COVID-19 in CXR images. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.11676v5.pdf doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-01900-3 id: cord-282687-483ojkbb author: Purcino, Flávia Abranches Corsetti title: Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment date: 2020-06-24 words: 1821.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282687-483ojkbb.txt summary: title: Management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the coronavirus disease pandemic: recommendations for triage and treatment Patients categorized as Priority C have stable conditions for which action can be delayed for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including routine screening with mammogram, MRI, or breast ultrasound; excision of benign nodules; duct excision; follow-up of discordant biopsies likely to be benign; treatment of high-risk lesions/atypia/papilloma; or prophylactic surgery. Some national specialty societies have also set forth their recommendations on the management of benign and suspicious breast lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (13) considered the impact on prognosis when recommending surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary Recommendations for prioritization, treatment, and triage of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2097 doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2097 id: cord-252721-vy6tfer4 author: Purnama, T. B. title: How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice date: 2020-08-07 words: 1916.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252721-vy6tfer4.txt summary: title: How to handle the deceased body of COVID-19: an insight from Indonesian muslim burial handlers knowledge, perception, and practice Method: This study elaborates qualitative design in exploring the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains dealing with universal precaution during the handling of the deceased body of COVID-19. A qualitative study was employed to explore knowledge, perception, and practice among muslim burial handlers on burial rites in COVID-19 cases. The muslim burial handlers suggests conducting community education about the stages of burial rites, health promotion and the availability of personal protective equipment to be important aspects in preventing transmission of COVID-19 ( Figure 1 ). The limited understanding and perception of muslim burial rites is a new issue in preventing the new COVID-19 cluster in the community. abstract: Introduction: Handling the remained body affected by COVID-19 in Indonesia is still an issue as it is done by community. Aim: This study aims to explore the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains. Method: This study elaborates qualitative design in exploring the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains dealing with universal precaution during the handling of the deceased body of COVID-19. The data is obtained through in-depth interview with guides. Result: The majority of participants were acknowledged that the universal precaution is a precautionary conduct which remains general and non-technical. Technicality on the universal precaution such as personal protective equipment and safety standards for infectious substance on the dead body are still incomprehensive. The perception of each handler of the body is still obscure. It was showed by cautious/apprehensive sense predominated the handlers in handling the dead body. Conclusion: Improving the knowledge and strengthening the network of the handlers among the community play an important role in interrupting the chain of transmission of COVID-19 in the community. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.03.20167593v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.03.20167593 id: cord-323910-lms3xw4k author: Putman, Michael title: Antirheumatic Disease Therapies for the Treatment of COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis date: 2020-08-02 words: 4592.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323910-lms3xw4k.txt summary: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified and summarized published and pre-print original scientific articles that described the use of antirheumatic disease therapies for the treatment of COVID-19. The final eligibility criteria were (1) Included 5 or more people infected with SARS-CoV-2; (2) antirheumatic disease therapy (Supplemental Appendix); (3) published after January 1st, 2019; (4) original research; (5) had one of the following outcomes: Death, ventilator-free days, escalation of care (ICU transfer), length of hospital stay, symptom resolution, viral clearance. For reporting purposes and due to the methodological diversity of the studies, we prioritized results for summary and synthesis based on study design (RCT > cohort studies > case series), risk of bias assessment (low risk > some concerns > high risk) and relevance of the outcome (e.g. mortality > viral clearance). All rights reserved DISCUSSION In this systematic review and meta-analysis of antirheumatic disease therapies for the treatment of COVID-19, the use of hydroxychloroquine was not associated with mortality. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antirheumatic disease therapies have been used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and its complications. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to describe the current evidence. METHODS: A search of published and preprint databases in all languages was performed. Included studies described one or more relevant clinical outcomes in five or more people who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and were treated with antirheumatic disease therapy between 01/01/2019 and 05/29/2020. Pairs of reviewers screened articles and extracted data and assessed risk of bias. A meta‐analysis of effect sizes using the random‐effects models was performed when possible. RESULTS: The search identified 3,935 articles, of which 45 were included (4 randomized controlled trials, 29 cohort studies, and 12 case series). All studies evaluated hospitalized patients and 29 out of 45 had been published in a peer‐reviewed journal. In a meta‐analysis of three cohort studies with a low risk of bias, hydroxychloroquine use was not significantly associated with mortality (pooled hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83‐2.42). In a meta‐analysis of two cohort studies with some concerns/high risk of bias, anakinra use was associated with lower mortality (pooled HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1‐0.4). Evidence was inconclusive with regard to other antirheumatic disease therapies and the majority of other studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, hydroxychloroquine use was not associated with benefit or harm with regard to COVID‐19 mortality. The evidence supporting the effect of other antirheumatic disease therapies in COVID‐19 is currently inconclusive. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32741139/ doi: 10.1002/art.41469 id: cord-334708-lbmktall author: Putman, Michael S. title: Publication Rate and Journal Review Time of COVID-19 Related Research date: 2020-08-31 words: 437.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334708-lbmktall.txt summary: title: Publication Rate and Journal Review Time of COVID-19 Related Research Anecdotally, academic researchers have noticed a reduction in the amount of time journals require to review COVID-19 manuscripts. In this letter we describe the growth of this literature and the review time of COVID-19 related manuscripts. Bibliographic data were extracted from all articles in the dedicated COVID-19 research sections of the preprint databases medRxiv and bioRxiv (https://connect.medrxiv.org/relate/content/181) and the NCBI section LitCovid (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/). Bibliographic data were also extracted from all non-COVID-19 articles published by the journals listed in LitCovid. For published articles, the difference between the date of submission and the date of acceptance ("review time") was compared using the independent samples t-test. Initially, a small cohort study with substantive methodologic flaws was accepted after one day of peer review. The types of published articles could not be assessed and many journals did not list submission or acceptance dates in bibliographic metadata. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33012362/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.017 id: cord-266750-41gth6o0 author: Puzzitiello, Richard N. title: Inflammatory and Coagulative Considerations for the Management of Orthopaedic Trauma Patients With COVID-19: A Review of the Current Evidence and Our Surgical Experience date: 2020-05-14 words: 3742.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266750-41gth6o0.txt summary: A better understanding of this relationship can inform the development of evidencebased management strategies in these patients and limit admissions to overcrowded ICUs. To demonstrate and further define these developing theories on the coagulative and inflammatory risks associated with the surgical treatment of trauma patients with COVID-19, we will present an unexpected outcome on such a patient at our institution. In addition, the hypercoagulable state secondary to COVID-19 and the inflammatory load of intramedullary reaming, fat emboli, and pulmonary embolism resulted in a "second hit" that may have cumulatively pushed our patient past a "tipping point" and into respiratory failure (Fig. 4) . The level of cytokine response, hypercoagulability, and pulmonary dysfunction associated with the COVID-19 virus may predispose to a catastrophic "second hit" after even low-energy trauma. Careful consideration and risk/benefit analysis, including preoperative evaluation of systemic inflammation and respiratory status, is paramount in patients with COVID-19 presenting with orthopaedic trauma injuries. abstract: Mounting evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves a hyperinflammatory response predisposing patients to thromboembolic disease and acute respiratory distress. In the setting of severe blunt trauma, damaged tissues induce a local and systemic inflammatory response through similar pathways to COVID-19. As such, patients with COVID-19 sustaining orthopaedic trauma injuries may have an amplified response to the traumatic insult because of their baseline hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable states. These patients may have compromised physiological reserve to withstand the insult of surgical intervention before reaching clinical instability. In this article, we review the current evidence regarding pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its implications on the management of orthopaedic trauma patients by discussing a case and the most recent literature. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000001842 doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001842 id: cord-032227-xxa0hlpu author: Pyszczynski, Tom title: Terror Management Theory and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-17 words: 5076.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032227-xxa0hlpu.txt summary: Although there are many disturbing aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of terror management theory (TMT; Greenberg et al., 1986; Solomon et al., 2015) , the enormous death toll and highly contagious nature of the virus play especially important roles in spawning the diverse forms of turmoil that have resulted from this crisis. TMT posits that people manage the potential for anxiety inherent in awareness of the inevitability of death by maintaining faith in their cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and close relationships; these anxiety-buffering systems mitigate existential terror by imparting a sense that one is a person of value living in a meaningful world (for a more thorough presentation of these ideas, see Solomon et al., 2015) . abstract: Terror management theory is focused on the role that awareness of death plays in diverse aspects of life. Here, we discuss the theory’s implications for understanding the widely varying ways in which people have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that regardless of whether one consciously believes that the virus is a major threat to life or only a minor inconvenience, fear of death plays an important role in driving one’s attitudes and behavior related to the virus. We focus on the terror management theory distinction between proximal defenses, which are activated when thoughts of death are in current focal attention and are logically related to the threat at hand, and distal defenses, which are activated when thoughts of death are on the fringes of one’s consciousness and entail the pursuit of meaning, personal value, and close relationships. We use this framework to discuss the many ways in which COVID-19 undermines psychological equanimity, the diverse ways people have responded to this threat, and the role of ineffective terror management in psychological distress and disorder that may emerge in response to the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498956/ doi: 10.1177/0022167820959488 id: cord-261577-h86kidhs author: Páramo, José A. title: Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Microvascular Thrombosis, or Both in COVID-19? date: 2020-07-22 words: 361.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261577-h86kidhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261577-h86kidhs.txt summary: authors: Páramo, José A. lar damage with focal fibrin clusters mixed with mononuclear inflammatory cells as the primary mechanism of respiratory distress associated with COVID-19 and, therefore, disseminated fibrin deposits occur in the pulmonary microcirculation as a consequence of the ongoing inflammatory stimuli leading to acute lung injury and respiratory damage. 5, 6 Indeed, it has been suggested the acronym MicroCLOTS (microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome) as the pathophysiological mechanism for the acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by this coronavirus. 7 In line with this pathophysiological approach, a recent study indicates direct viral infection of endothelial cells and diffuse endothelial inflammation in lungs in patients who developed progressive respiratory failure. Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients on CT angiography and Microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome (MicroCLOTS): an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome working hypothesis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029620933953 doi: 10.1177/1076029620933953 id: cord-352871-0xgjpd80 author: Pérez Bartolomé, Francisco title: Manifestaciones oftalmológicas del SARS-Cov-2: Revisión de la literatura date: 2020-08-08 words: 4221.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352871-0xgjpd80.txt summary: En Diciembre de 2019 se identificaron a los primeros pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad causada por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), denominada COVID-19, en Wuhan, China 1,2 . Se procedió a la combinación de diferentes palabras clave, tales como "SARS-Cov-2", "COVID 19", "2019-nCoV", "Coronavirus 2019", y (término "AND" en el proceso de búsqueda avanzada) "Ophthalmology", "Eye disease", "Conjunctivitis", "Ocular Surface", "Glaucoma", "Orbit", "Tears", "Uveitis", "Retina", "Vasculitis", "ophthalmoparesis", "palsy", "optic nerve", "anterior ischemic optic neuropathy" (AION), "retinal venous occlusion" (RVO), "retinal artery occlusion" (RAO). La primera referencia de conjuntivitis por SARS-CoV-2 figura en una carta al editor, publicada en la revista "The Lancet" 28 , en la que describe el cuadro de enrojecimiento ocular unilateral en un experto neumólogo (ataviado con su equipo de protección y una mascarilla N95, pero sin gafas protectoras), días después de haber visitado un hospital de Wuhan. abstract: Resumen En esta revisión resumimos las principales publicaciones que informan sobre las potenciales manifestaciones oculares de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19). La evidencia científica se basa en cartas al editor, casos clínicos aislados y series de casos, principalmente de corte transversal. Hasta la fecha, incluimos la conjuntivitis viral, una conjuntivitis inmunomediada y parálisis oculomotoras (POM). Se discute la posibilidad de retinopatía pero no se ha publicado ningún caso. La conjuntivitis viral puede aparecer aislada o asociada al cuadro sistémico, principalmente pulmonar, antes o después del inicio de los síntomas respiratorios. Puede ser tanto unilateral como bilateral, es típica la presencia de folículos, y presenta una duración variable entre 5 y 20 días. La conjuntivitis inmunomediada consiste en un enrojecimiento ocular acompañada de eritrodermia y febrícula. Aparece más frecuentemente en los niños y se ha asociado a un cuadro “Kawasaki-like” y síndrome del shock tóxico. Las POM pueden presentarse de forma aislada, o formando parte de un síndrome de Miller- Fisher, junto con ataxia e hiporreflexia. Los oftalmólogos presentamos un riesgo considerable de contraer la COVID-19 debido a un contacto estrecho con el paciente, exposición a las lágrimas y a las secreciones oculares y al uso de multitud de equipos y aparatos susceptibles de contaminarse. Abstract In this review, a summary is presented of the main reports regarding the potential ocular manifestations of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Scientific evidence is based on letters to the editor, clinical cases and case series, cross-sectional, and a few longitudinal studies. To date, it includes viral conjunctivitis, immune conjunctivitis, and oculomotor palsies (OCP) due to the novel coronavirus. Retinopathy is discussed, but no cases have been published yet. A viral conjunctivitis outbreak can be isolated or associated with the systemic picture, mainly pulmonary, before or after the onset of respiratory symptoms. It can be both unilateral and bilateral, follicles are typical, and duration is variable between 5 and 21 days. Immune-mediated conjunctivitis consists of eye redness, together with erythroderma and fever. It appears more frequently in children, and has been associated with a "Kawasaki-like" disease and toxic shock syndrome. OCP can present on its own, or as part of Miller-Fisher syndrome, along with ataxia, and hyporeflexia. Ophthalmologists have a considerable risk of developing COVID-19 due to close contact with the patient, exposure to tears and eye secretions, and the use of various pieces of equipment and devices susceptible to contamination. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873480/ doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.07.020 id: cord-336614-u6alc6rs author: Pérez-Belmonte, Luis M. title: Differences between Clinical Protocols for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Andalusia, Spain date: 2020-09-19 words: 4737.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336614-u6alc6rs.txt summary: Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care (oxygen, intravenous fluids, monitoring, high-flow nasal oxygen/noninvasive ventilation, and mechanical ventilation, among others), dosage, method of administration and duration of treatment, drug side effects and interactions, nonrecommended treatment or recommendation for other drugs, hospital circuits, ward organization and care planning, and discharge recommendations were collected from all clinical protocols for COVID-19. This study showed that the COVID-19 protocols of the largest hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) varied widely in several aspects, including antiviral treatment: they used different dosages, durations, and combinations of treatment for the same clinical condition. Several randomized clinical trials on tocilizumab, either alone or in combination, in patients with COVID-19 with severe pneumonia are underway, and its use was included in the Chinese national treatment guidelines [30, 31] . abstract: Our objective was to compare clinical protocols for the treatment of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among different hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. We reviewed the current COVID-19 protocols of the 15 largest hospitals in Andalusia. Antiviral treatment, empirical antibacterial agents, adjunctive therapies, anticoagulant treatment, supportive care, hospital organization, and discharge recommendations were analyzed. All protocols included were the latest updates as of July 2020. Hydroxychloroquine in monotherapy was the most frequent antiviral drug recommended for mild respiratory illness with clinical risk factors (33.3%). Combined hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin or lopinavir/ritonavir was found in 40% of protocols. The recommended treatment for patients with mild and moderate pneumonias was different antiviral combinations including hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (93.3%) or hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir/ritonavir (79.9%). Different combinations of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (46.7%) and triple therapy with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir (40%) were the most recommended treatments for patients with severe pneumonia. There were five corticosteroid regimens, which used dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone, with different doses and treatment durations. Anakinra was included in seven protocols with six different regimens. All protocols included prophylactic heparin and therapeutic doses for thromboembolism. Higher prophylactic doses of heparin for high-risk patients and therapeutic doses for patients in critical condition were included in 53.3% and 33.3% of protocols, respectively. This study showed that COVID-19 protocols varied widely in several aspects (antiviral treatment, corticosteroids, anakinra, and anticoagulation for high risk of thrombosis or critical situation). Rigorous randomized clinical trials on the proposed treatments are needed to provide consistent evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32961675/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186845 id: cord-291756-ejh1r8h4 author: Pérez-Fuentes, María del Carmen title: Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population date: 2020-06-25 words: 3766.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291756-ejh1r8h4.txt summary: title: Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population AIMS: The objective of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of exceptionally stressful situations, such as the current health risk, on the cognitive and emotive state of the individual, that is, perceived threat and emotional state on affect and mood. RESULTS: The results showed that the perception of threat from COVID-19 was related positively to negative affect and emotional signs, that is, sadness-depression, anxiety and anger-hostility. The starting hypothesis was that perception of threat in the exceptional state of health emergency caused by COVID-19, affects one''s emotional situation (Model 1), and this, in turn, affects perception of risk (Model 2), in which positive and negative affect balances act as mediators in these relationships (Fig 1) . abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of exceptionally stressful situations, such as the current health risk, on the cognitive and emotive state of the individual, that is, perceived threat and emotional state on affect and mood. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study with snowball sampling. The sample came to 1014 Spanish adults (67.2% women and 32.8% men). The Perception of Threat from COVID-19 questionnaire, the Affective Balance Scale and the Mood Evaluation Scale were used. RESULTS: The results showed that the perception of threat from COVID-19 was related positively to negative affect and emotional signs, that is, sadness-depression, anxiety and anger-hostility. There was a direct positive effect of perceived threat from COVID-19 on sadness-depression, anxiety and anger-hostility moods, while anxiety and anger-hostility had a direct positive effect on perception of threat from the virus. Thus, there was a circular relationship, in which perceived threat influenced the presence of negative mood, and negative mood, in turn, linked to emotions of irritation and agitation from a present situation, promoted the feeling of threat. CONCLUSIONS: A negative affective balance increases both one’s perception of threat from COVID-19 and negative mood. Thus, knowing the emotional and cognitive effects on the population would enable measures to be put into service to facilitate their effective coping. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235305 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235305 id: cord-311633-i9ret7bw author: Péré, Hélène title: Unexpected diagnosis of COVID-19-associated disorders by SARS-CoV-2-specific serology date: 2020-08-04 words: 1673.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311633-i9ret7bw.txt summary: We herein evaluated the analytical performances of the CE IVD-labeled Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Des Plaines, IL, USA) carried out with the automated Abbott Architect™ i2000 platform at Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, using serum sample panels obtained from health-workers with COVID-19 history confirmed by positive nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis and from patients randomly selected for whom serum samples were collected before the COVID-19 epidemic. Interestingly, several inpatients hospitalized in COVID-19 free areas suffering from a wide range of unexplained clinical features including cardiac, vascular, renal, metabolic and infectious disorders, were unexpectedly found seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by systematic routine serology, suggesting possible causal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To analytically and clinically validate the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, we tested pre-epidemic sera, sera from pauci-symptomatic health-worker with SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR and sera from hospitalized patients from both the COVID-positive area and the COVID-free area. abstract: Facing the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for serological assays identifying individuals with on-going infection as well as past coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). We herein evaluated the analytical performances of the CE IVD-labeled Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (Des Plaines, IL, USA) carried out with the automated Abbott Architect™ i2000 platform at Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France, using serum sample panels obtained from health-workers with COVID-19 history confirmed by positive nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis and from patients randomly selected for whom serum samples were collected before the COVID-19 epidemic. The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay showed sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%, demonstrating high analytical performances allowing convenient management of suspected on-going and past-infections. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity rates were compared in COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 free areas from our hospital. Thus, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG was around 10-fold higher in COVID-19 areas than COVID-19 free areas (75% versus 8%; P < 0.001). Interestingly, several inpatients hospitalized in COVID-19 free areas suffering from a wide range of unexplained clinical features including cardiac, vascular, renal, metabolic and infectious disorders, were unexpectedly found seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG by systematic routine serology, suggesting possible causal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, these observations highlight the potential interest of SARS-CoV-2-specific serology in the context of COVID-19 epidemic, especially to assess past SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as possible unexpected COVID-19-associated disorders. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104568 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104568 id: cord-306195-r2rt3upd author: Püschel, Klaus title: Corona deaths in Hamburg, Germany date: 2020-06-04 words: 1406.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306195-r2rt3upd.txt summary: In December 2019, the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began in Hubei, China, and since then, a worldwide devastating pandemic has developed, which is affecting public and social life to a very high degree and overtaxing the medical systems of many countries. Our own experience with the autopsies performed in Hamburg to date shows very different disease courses and correspondingly diverse morphological and virological findings. With regard to other organ systems and the virological findings, our results show that SARS-CoV-2 has an organotropism beyond the respiratory tract that affects the heart, kidney, liver and brain [6] and ultimately contributes to the course of COVID-19 disease and the aggravation of pre-existing comorbidities. So far, we have 1000 unselected deaths with nasopharyngeal swabs in the public mortuary in Hamburg and in the crematorium which led to a relevant number of random discoveries, i.e. COVID-19 cases that would not have been noticed at all in the area of general practitioners, hospitals and public health care and therefore died undetected. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500198/ doi: 10.1007/s00414-020-02332-x id: cord-324304-3hih17gk author: Qarnain, Syed Shuibul title: Review on government action plans to reduce energy consumption in buildings amid COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-05-06 words: 2843.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324304-3hih17gk.txt summary: Among all these close down scenarios and locked down industries, utility companies and energy distribution sector were operational 24/7 round the clock providing uninterrupted power supply for a comfortable lockdown "stay in home". A study conducted in New York city showed that the industrial and commercial, overall energy consumption was decreased around 7% in pandemic time, But the domestic house hold consumption increased to about 23% in March and 10% in April 2020 [31] .This clearly indicated that in March 2020 and April 2020 the residential electricity consumption globally was high leading to increase in economic and financial burden of families [31] . Although the electricity demand in India will increase in years to come [13, 14, 15] and the power industry is facing huge challenges in terms of electricity pricing [16] , The Indian government announced a three months moratorium for state owned electricity distribution companies to make payments for their power purchased by them it also reduced the payment security to 50% for future power purchases , The government also waived penalties for late payment and it ensured that electricity is not disconnect round the clock in COVID-19 prevalent times [17] . abstract: The corona virus pandemic outbreak in 2019-2020 has almost touched everyone’s life and is affecting every sector. The daily routine life has come to a standstill, many sector including businesses, finance, transport and many more critical industries has come to a halt. Only essential sectors like healthcare have been permitted to operate. Many G20 countries-imposed curfew, mandatory stay-in-home orders and lockdown of cities and countries. Among all these close down scenarios and locked down industries, utility companies and energy distribution sector were operational 24/7 round the clock providing uninterrupted power supply for a comfortable lockdown “stay in home”. The success of Fighting COVID-19 and shutdowns is highly dependent upon uninterrupted power supply and power consumption by the building residents. This paper reviews the various actions taken by G20 member countries towards electricity consumption while in COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. This research work is an analysis of actions taken by governments under their jurisdictions towards building energy consumers. The outcome of this paper are energy policy recommendations that are based on the different governments responses and actions taken towards energy consumption in buildings. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.723 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.723 id: cord-284217-tv8f1315 author: Qazi, Javaria title: Evolution to Online Education around the globe during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Do develop and underdeveloped cope alike? date: 2020-10-13 words: 3068.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284217-tv8f1315.txt summary: Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to assess and compare the access & use of online learning of Bruneians and Pakistanis amid enforced lockdown imposed by the governments using a five-items satisfaction scale underlying existing literature. Outcomes of the survey suggest that Bruneian are more satisfied (50%) with the use of online learning amid lockdown as compared to Pakistanis (35.9%). Living in the Urban area as compared to a rural area is also a major factor contributing to satisfaction with the access and use of online learning for both Bruneian and Pakistanis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first study in accessing the student satisfaction with the use of online learning resources amid COVID-19. Outcomes suggest that use and access to online learning resources during novel infectious disease a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic is crucial for student satisfaction. The study mainly aims to assess the effect of access & use of online learning resources amid the COVID-19 lockdown on student satisfaction. abstract: Background Educational institutes around the globe in this 21st century is facing challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus infectious disease. They are required to conduct online learning to avoid face to face contact in emergency scenarios such as COVID-19 pandemic and continuing academic year while keeping social distancing. Students need to adapt to new roles of learning through information technology to succeed in academics amid COVID-19. Objective However, access to the impact of access & use of online learning resources, to what extent, these students are satisfied with online learning amid COVID-19 particularly in handling new challenges are critical to explore. Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to assess and compare the access & use of online learning of Bruneians and Pakistanis amid enforced lockdown imposed by the governments using a five-items satisfaction scale underlying existing literature. Method For this, a cross-sectional study was done in the first half of June 2020 after the pandemic situation among 320 students’ across Pakistan and Brunei and strata with a pre-defined questionnaire. Data were analyzed with statistical software package SPSS 2.0. Results The finding showed that there is a relationship between students’ satisfaction and access & use of online learning. Outcomes of the survey suggest that Bruneian are more satisfied (50%) with the use of online learning amid lockdown as compared to Pakistanis (35.9%). Living in the Urban area as compared to a rural area is also a major factor contributing to satisfaction with the access and use of online learning for both Bruneian and Pakistanis. Moreover, previous experience with the use of online learning is observed prevalent among Bruneians (P=.000), while among friends and family is using online learning (P=.000) were encouraging factors contributed to satisfaction with the use of online learning among Pakistanis amid COVID-19. Correlation results suggest that access and use factors of online learning amid COVID-19 were positively associated with satisfaction among both populations amid the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Bruneian is more satisfied with Internet access (r=.437, P<.000) and affordability of gadgets ((r=.577, P<.000) as compare to Pakistanis((r=.176, P<.050) and (r=.156, P<.050). Conclusion: The study suggested that it is crucial for the government and other policymakers worldwide to address access and use of online learning resources of their populace amid pandemic. Implications and future recommendation were discussed url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0190740920320053 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105582 id: cord-280521-sqhzcm87 author: Qazi, Saqib Hamid title: Continuing and ensuring surgical care for children during COVID and post-COVID crisis date: 2020-08-21 words: 412.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280521-sqhzcm87.txt summary: In the upcoming months, devising recovery plans that suits every specialty or hospital will be challenging but continuous development of guidelines and frameworks to overcome this burden will strengthen and better equip the healthcare system during the post-pandemic phase, and also ensure quality of patient care and adequate training of the young trainees and doctors. Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges to delivering pediatric surgery services in the midst of COVID 19 crisis: experience from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Addressing Covid-19 fear to encourage sick patients to seek emergency care. Resuming elective surgical services in times of COVID-19 infection. Roadmap for Restarting Elective Surgery During/After COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32943198/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.012 id: cord-127759-wpqdtdjs author: Qi, Xiao title: Chest X-ray Image Phase Features for Improved Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Convolutional Neural Network date: 2020-11-06 words: 3896.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-127759-wpqdtdjs.txt summary: In this study, we design a novel multi-feature convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for multi-class improved classification of COVID-19 from CXR images. In this work we show how local phase CXR features based image enhancement improves the accuracy of CNN architectures for COVID-19 diagnosis. Our proposed method is designed for processing CXR images and consists of two main stages as illustrated in Figure 1 : 1-We enhance the CXR images (CXR(x, y)) using local phase-based image processing method in order to obtain a multi-feature CXR image (M F (x, y)), and 2-we classify CXR(x, y) by designing a deep learning approach where multi feature CXR images (M F (x, y)), together with original CXR data (CXR(x, y)), is used for improving the classification performance. Our proposed multi-feature CNN architectures were trained on a large dataset in terms of the number of COVID-19 CXR scans and have achieved improved classification accuracy across all classes. abstract: Recently, the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seriously endangered human health and life. Due to limited availability of test kits, the need for auxiliary diagnostic approach has increased. Recent research has shown radiography of COVID-19 patient, such as CT and X-ray, contains salient information about the COVID-19 virus and could be used as an alternative diagnosis method. Chest X-ray (CXR) due to its faster imaging time, wide availability, low cost and portability gains much attention and becomes very promising. Computational methods with high accuracy and robustness are required for rapid triaging of patients and aiding radiologist in the interpretation of the collected data. In this study, we design a novel multi-feature convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for multi-class improved classification of COVID-19 from CXR images. CXR images are enhanced using a local phase-based image enhancement method. The enhanced images, together with the original CXR data, are used as an input to our proposed CNN architecture. Using ablation studies, we show the effectiveness of the enhanced images in improving the diagnostic accuracy. We provide quantitative evaluation on two datasets and qualitative results for visual inspection. Quantitative evaluation is performed on data consisting of 8,851 normal (healthy), 6,045 pneumonia, and 3,323 Covid-19 CXR scans. In Dataset-1, our model achieves 95.57% average accuracy for a three classes classification, 99% precision, recall, and F1-scores for COVID-19 cases. For Dataset-2, we have obtained 94.44% average accuracy, and 95% precision, recall, and F1-scores for detection of COVID-19. Conclusions: Our proposed multi-feature guided CNN achieves improved results compared to single-feature CNN proving the importance of the local phase-based CXR image enhancement. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.03585v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-296330-4i02f1ji author: Qi, Xiaolong title: Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: A multicenter cohort study date: 2020-04-28 words: 3356.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296330-4i02f1ji.txt summary: Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we consecutively included all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing cirrhosis that had been discharged or had died by 24 March 2020 from 16 designated hospitals in China. Methods In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we consecutively included all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing cirrhosis that had been discharged or had died by 24 March 2020 from 16 designated hospitals in China. Interpretation Lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher direct bilirubin level might represent poor prognostic indicators in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. Interpretation Lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher direct bilirubin level might represent poor prognostic indicators in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. 9 So far, no studies have reported the clinical features and risk factors for in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. abstract: Background: Patients with pre-existing cirrhosis are considered at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the clinical course in these patients has not yet been reported. This study aimed to provide a detailed report of the clinical characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. Methods: In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we consecutively included all adult inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and pre-existing cirrhosis that had been discharged or had died by 24 March 2020 from 16 designated hospitals in China. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings on admission, treatment, complications during hospitalization and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between survivors and non-survivors. Findings: Twenty-one patients were included in this study, of whom 16 were cured and 5 died in hospital. Seventeen patients had compensated cirrhosis and hepatitis B virus infection was the most common etiology. Lymphocyte and platelet counts were lower, and direct bilirubin levels were higher in patients who died than those who survived (p= 0.040, 0.032, and 0.006, respectively). Acute respiratory distress syndrome and secondary infection were both the most frequently observed complications. Only one patient developed acute on chronic liver failure. Of the 5 non-survivors, all patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and 2 patients progressed to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Interpretation: Lower lymphocyte and platelet counts, and higher direct bilirubin level might represent poor prognostic indicators in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with pre-existing cirrhosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20072611 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20072611 id: cord-263738-8g5ujfaf author: Qian, Jing-Yi title: Acute Kidney Injury in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease date: 2020-06-18 words: 3509.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263738-8g5ujfaf.txt summary: COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory disease, with 80% of patients presenting mild like flu-like symptoms; however, 20% of patients may have a severe or critical clinical presentation, which likely causes multiple organ injuries (e.g., kidney, heart, blood, and nervous system). Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly discovered acute infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is mainly manifested as acute respiratory diseases characterized by acute interstitial and alveolar pneumonia and can affect multiple organs such as the kidneys, the heart, the digestive tract, and blood [1] . In another study of 99 patients with COVID-19, seven cases developed various degrees of kidney injury with elevated serum creatinine (Scr) and/or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and 3 of them were diagnosed with AKI [4] . These results provide direct evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can directly infect the renal tubular epithelium and podocytes, which may induce AKI in COVID-19 patients [17] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (CO­VID-19) is a newly defined serious infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019 and quickly spread to over 200 countries. It has affected 4,258,666 people, with 294,190 deaths worldwide by May 15, 2020. COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory disease, with 80% of patients presenting mild like flu-like symptoms; however, 20% of patients may have a severe or critical clinical presentation, which likely causes multiple organ injuries (e.g., kidney, heart, blood, and nervous system). Among them, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication due to its high incidence and mortality rate. Here we present a review of the current understanding of AKI in COVID-19. SUMMARY: CO­VID-19 is a catastrophic contagious disease caused by the coronavirus, and the AKI induced by COVID-19 significantly increases the mortality rate. In this review, we summarize the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 induced AKI by focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. KEY MESSAGES: Multiple studies have shown that COVID-19 may involve the kidneys and cause AKI. This article reviews the characteristics of COVID-19-induced AKI largely based on up-to-date studies in the hope that it will be helpful in the current global fight against and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509086 doi: 10.1159/000509086 id: cord-346616-kr500kgj author: Qian, Song-Zan title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Severe and Critical Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Wenzhou: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-09-04 words: 2819.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346616-kr500kgj.txt summary: The data on age, sex, exposure history, comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, cerebrovascular disease, hematological diseases), symptoms from onset to hospital admission (fever, cough, expectoration, dyspnea, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, chill, diarrhea, fatigue), laboratory results on admission (hemoglobin, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet, d-dimer, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-mb, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, hypersensitive troponin I, procalcitonin, brain natriuretic peptide, lactate, albumin, total cholesterol, cytokine levels, T lymphocyte cell subsets), treatment [Glucocorticoid therapy, Immunoglobulin therapy, Thymosin, Thaliduan, Antibiotic treatment, Antiviral treatment, Oxygen Treatment, Prone Position Ventilation, Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)], clinical outcome [Sepsis, Septic Shock, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Acute cardiac injury, Acute kidney injury, Acute liver injury, Secondary infection, Acidosis, Prognosis], and radiological and echocardiography data and as well as living status were collected. abstract: Information about severe cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe and critical patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Wenzhou city. In this single-centered, retrospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled 37 RT-PCR confirmed positive severe or critical patients from January 28 to February 16, 2020 in a tertiary hospital. Outcomes were followed up until 28-day mortality. Fifteen severe and 22 critical adult patients with the COVID-19 infection were included. Twenty-six (68.4%) were men. Echocardiography data results suggest that normal or increased cardiac output and diastolic dysfunction are the most common manifestations. Compared with severe patients, critical patients were older, more likely to exhibit low platelet counts and high blood urea nitrogen, and were in hospital for longer. Most patients had organ dysfunction during hospitalization, including 11 (29.7%) with ARDS, 8 (21.6%) with acute kidney injury, 17 (45.9%) with acute cardiac injury, and 33 (89.2%) with acute liver dysfunction. Eighteen (48.6%) patients were treated with high-flow ventilation, 9 (13.8%) with non-invasive ventilation, 10 (15.4%) with invasive mechanical ventilation, 7 (18.9%) with prone position ventilation, 6 (16.2%) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and 3 (8.1%) with renal replacement therapy. Only 1 (2.7%) patient had died in the 28-day follow up in our study. All patients had bilateral infiltrates on their chest CT scan. Twenty-one (32.3%) patients presented ground glass opacity (GGO) with critical patients more localized in the periphery and the center. The mortality of critical patients with the COVID-19 infection is low in our study. Cardiac function was enhanced in the early stage and less likely to develop into acute cardiac injury, but most patients suffered with acute liver injury. The CT imaging presentations of COVID-19 in critical patients were more likely with consolidation and bilateral lung involvement. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.552002 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.552002 id: cord-121777-3zrnz9nc author: Qian, Xuelin title: M3Lung-Sys: A Deep Learning System for Multi-Class Lung Pneumonia Screening from CT Imaging date: 2020-10-07 words: 7576.0 sentences: 391.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-121777-3zrnz9nc.txt summary: Considering the limited training cases and resources (e.g, time and budget), we propose a Multi-task Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M3Lung-Sys) for multi-class lung pneumonia screening from CT imaging, which only consists of two 2D CNN networks, i.e., sliceand patient-level classification networks. Eventually, the number of slices annotated for the four categories is listed in Table I Figure 3 shows the schematic of our proposed Multitask Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M 3 Lung-Sys), which consists of two components, the Image Preprocessing and Classification Network. For the purpose of pneumonia classification and alleviating the limitations discussed in Section I, we improve the network from three aspects, i.e., multi-task learning for radiologist-like diagnosis, weakly-supervised learning for slice-level lesion localization (attention) and coordinate maps for learning location information, as shown in Figure 5 . abstract: To counter the outbreak of COVID-19, the accurate diagnosis of suspected cases plays a crucial role in timely quarantine, medical treatment, and preventing the spread of the pandemic. Considering the limited training cases and resources (e.g, time and budget), we propose a Multi-task Multi-slice Deep Learning System (M3Lung-Sys) for multi-class lung pneumonia screening from CT imaging, which only consists of two 2D CNN networks, i.e., slice- and patient-level classification networks. The former aims to seek the feature representations from abundant CT slices instead of limited CT volumes, and for the overall pneumonia screening, the latter one could recover the temporal information by feature refinement and aggregation between different slices. In addition to distinguish COVID-19 from Healthy, H1N1, and CAP cases, our M 3 Lung-Sys also be able to locate the areas of relevant lesions, without any pixel-level annotation. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, we conduct extensive experiments on a chest CT imaging dataset with a total of 734 patients (251 healthy people, 245 COVID-19 patients, 105 H1N1 patients, and 133 CAP patients). The quantitative results with plenty of metrics indicate the superiority of our proposed model on both slice- and patient-level classification tasks. More importantly, the generated lesion location maps make our system interpretable and more valuable to clinicians. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.03201v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-302321-6x7hyald author: Qiao, Shan title: Disparity in HIV Service Interruption in the Outbreak of COVID-19 in South Carolina date: 2020-08-27 words: 5000.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302321-6x7hyald.txt summary: Most of clinics reported that the providers and staff were working from home using Virtual Private Network (VPN) for access to Provide Enterprise (Ryan White data reporting " "Restricting face-to-face visits, restricting patients only to building." "Closed for 14 days; M is checking and responding to emails remotely" "Currently, offices are operating on normal hours with some limited closures for evening hours based on staffing per day." "As of May 18, 2020 New Horizon Family Health Services will begin seeing patients in the office setting with continued reduced hours of operation." "Office is closed. We are accepting new referral for HIV treatment and primary care." "Prevention services continue to be available by appt only; however, they began providing testing services at alternative sites on June 1." "Patients who must have face-to-face appointment with provider we are still open." "Are limiting patients coming to the office and exploring other options such as the Healow app and telehealth visits. abstract: To examine HIV service interruptions during the COIVD-19 outbreak in South Carolina (SC) and identify geospatial and socioeconomic correlates of such interruptions, we collected qualitative, geospatial, and quantitative data from 27 Ryan White HIV clinics in SC in March, 2020. HIV service interruptions were categorized (none, minimal, partial, and complete interruption) and analyzed for geospatial heterogeneity. Nearly 56% of the HIV clinics were partially interrupted and 26% were completely closed. Geospatial heterogeneity of service interruption existed but did not exactly overlap with the geospatial pattern of COVID-19 outbreak. The percentage of uninsured in the service catchment areas was significantly correlated with HIV service interruption (F = 3.987, P = .02). This mixed-method study demonstrated the disparity of HIV service interruptions in the COVID-19 in SC and suggested a contribution of existing socioeconomic gaps to this disparity. These findings may inform the resources allocation and future strategies to respond to public health emergencies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32856176/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03013-x id: cord-350016-yxf7ykva author: Qin, Le title: A predictive model and scoring system combining clinical and CT characteristics for the diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-01 words: 3907.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350016-yxf7ykva.txt summary: RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of exposure (β = 3.095, odds ratio (OR) = 22.088), leukocyte count (β = − 1.495, OR = 0.224), number of segments with peripheral lesions (β = 1.604, OR = 1.604), and crazy-paving pattern (β = 2.836, OR = 2.836) were used for establishing the predictive model to identify COVID-19-positive patients (p < 0.05). The main finding of the present study was that we managed to develop a risk prediction model for the presence of COVID-19 in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia that was based on clinical, laboratory, and CT imaging findings in a training group of 118 patients, and comprised history of exposure to people infected with COVID-19, normal or decreased leukocyte count, a high number of lung segments with pathologic CT findings including peripheral dominance of lesions and presence of crazy-paving patterns as risk factors for COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a predictive model and scoring system to enhance the diagnostic efficiency for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: From January 19 to February 6, 2020, 88 confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting with pneumonia and 80 non-COVID-19 patients suffering from pneumonia of other origins were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory results were collected. CT features and scores were evaluated at the segmental level according to the lesions’ position, attenuation, and form. Scores were calculated based on the size of the pneumonia lesion, which graded at the range of 1 to 4. Air bronchogram, tree-in-bud sign, crazy-paving pattern, subpleural curvilinear line, bronchiectasis, air space, pleural effusion, and mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy were also evaluated. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of exposure (β = 3.095, odds ratio (OR) = 22.088), leukocyte count (β = − 1.495, OR = 0.224), number of segments with peripheral lesions (β = 1.604, OR = 1.604), and crazy-paving pattern (β = 2.836, OR = 2.836) were used for establishing the predictive model to identify COVID-19-positive patients (p < 0.05). In this model, values of area under curve (AUC) in the training and testing groups were 0.910 and 0.914, respectively (p < 0.001). A predicted score for COVID-19 (PSC-19) was calculated based on the predictive model by the following formula: PSC-19 = 2 × history of exposure (0–1 point) − 1 × leukocyte count (0–2 points) + 1 × peripheral lesions (0–1 point) + 2 × crazy-paving pattern (0–1 point), with an optimal cutoff point of 1 (sensitivity, 88.5%; specificity, 91.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our predictive model and PSC-19 can be applied for identification of COVID-19-positive cases, assisting physicians and radiologists until receiving the results of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. KEY POINTS: • Prediction of RT-PCR positivity is crucial for fast diagnosis of patients suspected of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). • Typical CT manifestations are advantageous for diagnosing COVID-19 and differentiation of COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia. • A predictive model and scoring system combining both clinical and CT features were herein developed to enable high diagnostic efficiency for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32607634/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07022-1 id: cord-254152-9wt2za3m author: Qiu, Chenghao title: Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Identifier of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: An International Multicenter Study date: 2020-06-16 words: 4990.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254152-9wt2za3m.txt summary: authors: Qiu, Chenghao; Cui, Chong; Hautefort, Charlotte; Haehner, Antje; Zhao, Jun; Yao, Qi; Zeng, Hui; Nisenbaum, Eric J.; Liu, Li; Zhao, Yu; Zhang, Di; Levine, Corinna G.; Cejas, Ivette; Dai, Qi; Zeng, Mei; Herman, Philippe; Jourdaine, Clement; de With, Katja; Draf, Julia; Chen, Bing; Jayaweera, Dushyantha T.; Denneny, James C.; Casiano, Roy; Yu, Hongmeng; Eshraghi, Adrien A.; Hummel, Thomas; Liu, Xuezhong; Shu, Yilai; Lu, Hongzhou Data including demographics, COVID-19 severity, patient outcome, and the incidence and degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were collected and analyzed. Data including demographics, COVID-19 severity, patient outcome, and the incidence and degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were collected and analyzed. This study aims to systematically characterize and compare olfactory and gustatory symptoms among COVID-19 adult patients and children in 5 epidemic areas in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Shenzhen (China); Paris (France); and Dresden (Germany), emphasizing the importance of these symptoms as an early marker of SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter case series. SETTING: Five tertiary care hospitals (3 in China, 1 in France, 1 in Germany). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 394 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed COVID-19-positive patients were screened, and those with olfactory or gustatory dysfunction were included. Data including demographics, COVID-19 severity, patient outcome, and the incidence and degree of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction were collected and analyzed. The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to quantify olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, respectively. All subjects at 1 hospital (Shanghai) without subjective olfactory complaints underwent objective testing. RESULTS: Of 394 screened subjects, 161 (41%) reported olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction and were included. Incidence of olfactory and/or gustatory disorders in Chinese (n = 239), German (n = 39), and French (n = 116) cohorts was 32%, 69%, and 49%, respectively. The median age of included subjects was 39 years, 92 of 161 (57%) were male, and 10 of 161 (6%) were children. Of included subjects, 10% had only olfactory or gustatory symptoms, and 19% had olfactory and/or gustatory complaints prior to any other COVID-19 symptom. Of subjects with objective olfactory testing, 10 of 90 demonstrated abnormal chemosensory function despite reporting normal subjective olfaction. Forty-three percent (44/102) of subjects with follow-up showed symptomatic improvement in olfaction or gustation. CONCLUSIONS: Olfactory and/or gustatory disorders may represent early or isolated symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. They may serve as a useful additional screening criterion, particularly for the identification of patients in the early stages of infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820934376 doi: 10.1177/0194599820934376 id: cord-292030-cjz4nuag author: Qiu, Guangyu title: Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection date: 2020-04-13 words: 5689.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292030-cjz4nuag.txt summary: In this work, a dual-functional plasmonic biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction provides an alternative and promising solution for the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. 26−29 In this work, we developed a dual-functional LSPR biosensor through combining the photothermal effect and plasmonic sensing transduction for SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid detection. The plasmonic chip with the twodimensional distribution of nanoabsorbers (AuNIs) is capable to generate the local PPT heat and transduce the in situ hybridization for highly sensitive and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection. According to the phase-sensing diagram in Figure 4b and S6a, the LSPR response of the dual-functional AuNI biosensor started to increase when the RdRp-COVID genes were injected into the microfluidic chamber at about 200 s and attained the maximum phase value after about 800 s hybridization. abstract: [Image: see text] The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally and poses a threat to public health in more than 200 countries. Reliable laboratory diagnosis of the disease has been one of the foremost priorities for promoting public health interventions. The routinely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the reference method for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, it also reported a number of false-positive or -negative cases, especially in the early stages of the novel virus outbreak. In this work, a dual-functional plasmonic biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction provides an alternative and promising solution for the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. For better sensing performance, the thermoplasmonic heat is generated on the same AuNIs chip when illuminated at their plasmonic resonance frequency. The localized PPT heat is capable to elevate the in situ hybridization temperature and facilitate the accurate discrimination of two similar gene sequences. Our dual-functional LSPR biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity toward the selected SARS-CoV-2 sequences with a lower detection limit down to the concentration of 0.22 pM and allows precise detection of the specific target in a multigene mixture. This study gains insight into the thermoplasmonic enhancement and its applicability in the nucleic acid tests and viral disease diagnosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281785/ doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02439 id: cord-278256-dmrtsxik author: Qiu, Haiyan title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study date: 2020-03-25 words: 3458.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278256-dmrtsxik.txt summary: title: Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study INTERPRETATION: Although all paediatric patients in our cohort had mild or moderate type of COVID-19, the large proportion of asymptomatic children indicates the difficulty in identifying paediatric patients who do not have clear epidemiological information, leading to a dangerous situation in community-acquired infections. All children with COVID-19 had been infected either by close contact with adults infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or by exposure to the epidemic area. By contrast with findings in adults, children with COVID-19 had milder clinical manifestations; nearly half of paediatric patients were asymptomatic (ie, no fever and no cough). When compared with children with SARS, paediatric patients with COVID-19 had much milder disease in terms of the prevalence of fever, cough, pneumonia, and severe case type. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December, 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. Little is known about the epidemiological and clinical features of paediatric patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved data for paediatric patients (aged 0–16 years) with confirmed COVID-19 from electronic medical records in three hospitals in Zhejiang, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features. FINDINGS: From Jan 17 to March 1, 2020, 36 children (mean age 8·3 [SD 3·5] years) were identified to be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The route of transmission was by close contact with family members (32 [89%]) or a history of exposure to the epidemic area (12 [33%]); eight (22%) patients had both exposures. 19 (53%) patients had moderate clinical type with pneumonia; 17 (47%) had mild clinical type and either were asymptomatic (ten [28%]) or had acute upper respiratory symptoms (seven [19%]). Common symptoms on admission were fever (13 [36%]) and dry cough (seven [19%]). Of those with fever, four (11%) had a body temperature of 38·5°C or higher, and nine (25%) had a body temperature of 37·5–38·5°C. Typical abnormal laboratory findings were elevated creatine kinase MB (11 [31%]), decreased lymphocytes (11 [31%]), leucopenia (seven [19%]), and elevated procalcitonin (six [17%]). Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. All children received interferon alfa by aerosolisation twice a day, 14 (39%) received lopinavir–ritonavir syrup twice a day, and six (17%) needed oxygen inhalation. Mean time in hospital was 14 (SD 3) days. By Feb 28, 2020, all patients were cured. INTERPRETATION: Although all paediatric patients in our cohort had mild or moderate type of COVID-19, the large proportion of asymptomatic children indicates the difficulty in identifying paediatric patients who do not have clear epidemiological information, leading to a dangerous situation in community-acquired infections. FUNDING: Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Diseases, Ningbo Reproductive Medicine Centre, and Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Wenzhou. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1473309920301985 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30198-5 id: cord-313937-uxz9uedr author: Qiu, Jian-Yin title: Mental Wellness system for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 words: 672.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313937-uxz9uedr.txt summary: Here we describe the recent systemic efforts being developed in our center to maintain mental wellness in public population, isolated patients and first-line medical workers. We are setting up a comprehensive system including population level monitoring of mental states, online emergency psychological intervention based on artificial intelligence, community based scientific dissemination and social bond enhancement, virtual reality and neuromodulation based intervention, and human resources training for emergency psychological interventions. The inventories are online based, self-evaluation scales covering basic demographic information, personal and family infection status in this epidemic, major stress events in past 12 months, perceived stress scale, acute stress measurement, depression scale, anxiety scale, sleep quality scale, media reading status, social support status, attitude towards life and death, and trust of others. Scientific knowledge relate to COVID-19 (e.g. the infection mechanism, the population transmission model, the proper prevention method, and the treatment approaches) are provided as online content and social media based dissemination, as well as through community management system to the public population. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120304025 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.032 id: cord-341674-q8p187qx author: Qiu, Jianyin title: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations date: 2020-03-06 words: 1558.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341674-q8p187qx.txt summary: title: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study is the first nationwide largescale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the tumultuous time of the COVID-19 epidemic. Meanwhile, psychological distress levels were also influenced by availability of local medical resources, efficiency of the regional public health system, and prevention and control measures taken against the epidemic situation. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32215365/ doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213 id: cord-289349-imkgpwn0 author: Qiu, Li title: Strong immunity in the early two years of age links to frequent immunization of routine vaccines date: 2020-08-08 words: 2040.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289349-imkgpwn0.txt summary: In this retrospective study, 25 patients under 10 years old were selected from a total of 186 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (Materials and methods, Fig. S1 , and Table S1 online). The patient age distribution revealed that children of all ages are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (Fig. 1a) . Because pediatric COVID-19 patients aged under 2 years were found to have shorter recovery times, we next further analyzed the clinical differences between children under and over 2 years old; several variables were compared between these two groups (Table S7 online). However, a previous epidemiological study revealed that the incidence of seasonal coronavirus infection in children under one year old is not significantly different from that in older children [15] . Pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity to infections or vaccinations alters subsequent T-cell responses to antigens of unrelated pathogens [18] [19] [20] , thus frequently contributing to a protective or pathogenic role in infectious diseases [18, 20] . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2095927320305338 doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.012 id: cord-252400-fdi132vi author: Qiu, Liru title: A Case of Critically Ill Infant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Persistent Reduction of T Lymphocytes date: 2020-04-16 words: 2201.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252400-fdi132vi.txt summary: However, our understanding of the clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and their ability of transmitting the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 still remains inadequate because only a handful pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported. RESULTS: The infant had life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury and persistent declined CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this article, we describe the complete clinical course and follow-up data of a critically ill infant with COVID-19 presenting with life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury. The infant''s severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acids tests of rectal and nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative on the 38th day and 49th day of illness, respectively. Data of adults also showed that lymphopenia and reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were the clinical features observed in severe COVID-19 patients. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming a global threat. However, our understanding of the clinical characteristics and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients and their ability of transmitting the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 still remains inadequate because only a handful pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported. METHODS: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, laboratory data and follow-up information and the treatment of critically ill infant were recorded. RESULTS: The infant had life-threatening clinical features including high fever, septic shock, recurrent apnea, petechiae and acute kidney injury and persistent declined CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The duration of nasopharyngeal virus shedding lasted for 49 days even with the administration of lopinavir/ritonavir for 8 days. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was partially recovered 68 days post onset of the disease. Accumulating of effector memory CD4+ T cells (CD4+TEM) was observed among T-cell compartment. The nucleic acid tests and serum antibody for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of the infant’s mother who kept intimate contact with the infant were negative despite no strict personal protection. CONCLUSIONS: The persistent reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was the typical feature of critically ill infant with COVID-19. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells might play a key role in aggravating COVID-19 and predicts a more critical course in children. The prolonged nasopharyngeal virus shedding was related with the severity of respiratory injury. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infant (even very critical cases) to adult might be unlikely. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000002720 doi: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002720 id: cord-269792-yth3t2cf author: Qiu, Ruijin title: Core Outcome Set for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 based on Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine date: 2020-03-27 words: 3052.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269792-yth3t2cf.txt summary: Frontline clinicians, as well as nurse, methodologist, evidence based-medicine researcher, and staff from the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry participated by video conference to vote. The stakeholders in the consensus meeting were a TCM clinician, WM clinician, nurse, methodologist, evidence-based medicine researcher and staff from the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry. reporting the results of the Delphi survey of professionals and the public, and the results of the patients'' questionnaire; (iii) discussing the candidate outcomes and their instruments/definition; (iv) voting on the outcomes and reaching a consensus. Six frontline clinicians (one from a WM hospital and five from a TCM hospital) as well as one frontline nurse, one methodologist and one researcher who participated in the design of clinical trials of COVID-19 were invited to attend the consensus meeting. After reporting the results of the Delphi survey and patients'' survey, participants discussed some outcomes they believed should/should not be measured in clinical trials. abstract: Background: Development of a core outcome set (COS) for clinical trials for COVID-19 is urgent because of the pandemic wreaking havoc worldwide and the heterogeneity of outcomes in clinical trials. Methods: A preliminary list of outcomes were developed after a systematic review of protocols of clinical trials for COVID-19. Then, two rounds of the Delphi survey were conducted. Stakeholders were traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experts, Western medicine (WM) experts, nurses and the public. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were also invited to participate in a questionnaire written in understandable language. Frontline clinicians, as well as nurse, methodologist, evidence based-medicine researcher, and staff from the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry participated by video conference to vote. Results: Ninety-seven eligible study protocols were identified from 160 clinical trials. Seventy-six outcomes were identified from TCM clinical trials and 126 outcomes were identified from WM clinical trials. Finally, 145 outcomes were included in the first round of the Delphi survey. Then, a COS for clinical trials of TCM and WM was developed. The COS include clinical outcomes (recovery/improvement/progression/death), etiology (SARS-CoV-2 nucleic-acid tests, viral load), inflammatory factor (C-reactive protein), vital signs (temperature, respiration), blood and lymphatic-system parameters (lymphocytes, virus antibody), respiratory outcomes (Pulmonary imaging, blood oxygen saturation, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, arterial blood gas analysis, mechanical ventilation, oxygen intake, pneumonia severity index), clinical efficacy (prevalence of preventing patients with mild-to-moderate disease progressing to severe disease), symptoms (clinical symptom score). Outcomes were recommended according to different types of disease. Outcome measurement instrument/definition were also recommended. Conclusion: A COS for COVID-19 may improve consistency of outcome reporting in clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041533 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041533 id: cord-292912-ufcvecwo author: Qiu, Ruijin title: Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review date: 2020-03-08 words: 1871.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292912-ufcvecwo.txt summary: 1. This review is the first to describe variation in outcomes, outcome measurement instruments and outcome measurement time reporting in clinical trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review is the first to evaluate the outcome reporting of protocols of TCM and western medicine clinical trials for treating COVID-19. Clinical Controlled Trial for Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia A randomized controlled trial of integrated TCM and Western Medicine in the treatment of severe novel coronavirus pneumonia A single arm study for combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) A single arm study for evaluation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia Clinical Study for Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Acute Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) abstract: Objectives: To examine heterogeneity of outcomes in protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify outcomes for prioritization in developing a core outcome set (COS) in this field. Design: This study is a review. Data sources: Databases of ICMJE-accepted clinical trial registry platform were searched on February 14, 2020. Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of COVID-19 were considered.Conditions of patients include common type, severe type or critical type. Interventions include traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. We excluded trials that for discharged patients, psychological intervention and complications of COVID-19. Data extraction and synthesis: The general information and outcomes, outcome measurement instruments and measurement times were extracted. The results were analysed by descriptive analysis. Results: 19 registry platforms were searched. A total of 97 protocols were included from 160 protocols. For protocols of TCM clinical trials, 76 outcomes from 16 outcome domains were reported, and almost half (34/76, 44.74%) of outcomes were reported only once; the most frequently reported outcome was time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA turns to negative. 27 (27/76, 35.53%) outcomes were provided one or more outcome measurement instruments. 10 outcomes were provided one or more measurement time frame. For protocols of western medicine clinical trials, 126 outcomes from 17 outcome domains were reported; almost half (62/126, 49.21%) of outcomes were reported only once; the most frequently reported outcome was proportion of patients with negative SARS-CoV-2. 27 outcomes were provided one or more outcome measurement instruments. 40 (40/126, 31.75%) outcomes were provided one or more measurement time frame. Conclusion: Outcome reporting in protocols of clinical trials of COVID-19 is inconsistent. Thus, developing a core outcome set is necessary. Keywords: Outcomes; clinical trials, COVID-19; review. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20031401 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20031401 id: cord-284833-g914vww5 author: Qiu, Tingting title: Chinese guidelines related to novel coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-10-08 words: 5732.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284833-g914vww5.txt summary: A total of 15 guidelines focusing on pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 cases were further investigated (Table 1) , including 3 national guidelines: the ''Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia'' released by the National Health Commission, the ''Guideline for the appropriate use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)'' released by China Association of Chinese Medicine, and ''Notifications on the dosage adjustment of Chloroquine Phosphate'' released by National Health Commission. Twelve were provincial guidelines, including 4 focused on the diagnosis and treatment released in Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei province, Shandong province, and Guangdong province, 6 guidelines for the appropriate use of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19, and 2 guidelines provided recommendations specific to the optimal use of Chloroquine Phosphate. The new dosage adjustment of the Chloroquine Phosphate was included in the 7 th version of the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and the Guangdong expert consensus. abstract: Background and Objective: China has managed to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with confinement measurements and treatment strategies, while other countries are struggling to contain the spread. This study discusses the guidelines related to COVID-19 in China in order to provide important references for other countries in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: Chinese guidelines relevant to COVID-19 were systematically searched via the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, YiMaiTong database, and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database on March 20(th), 2020. Guideline information was extracted, including date of publication, source, objectives and the target population. Guidelines specific to the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 were further investigated to identify the types of antivirus drugs recommended and to report on how treatment recommendations for COVID-19 have evolved overtime. Results: A total of 100 guidelines were identified, of which 74 were national guidelines and 26 were regional guidelines. The scope of included guidelines consisted of: the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the management of hospital departments and specific diseases during the outbreak of COVID-19. Fifty-one of the included guidelines targeted overall COVID-19 patients, while the remaining guidelines concentrated on special patient populations (i.e. geriatric population, pediatric population, and pregnant population) or patients with coexisting diseases. Fifteen guidelines focused on the pharmacological treatments for all COVID-19 patients. Interferon, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Chloroquine, and Umifenovir represented the most recommended antivirus drugs. Among them, 7 Chinese guidelines have recommended Chloroquine Phosphate or Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: China has generated a plethora of guidelines covering almost all aspects of COVID-19. Chloroquine, as one widely affordable treatment, was recommended by Chinese national guidelines and provincial guidelines. Considering the continuous debates around Chloroquine, confirmatory studies with robust methodology are awaited to address the unanswered questions on its potential benefits and risks on COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133431/ doi: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1818446 id: cord-252423-ojmt4k2w author: Qu, Bing title: Monologue of a physician who tested persistently positive for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 1100.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252423-ojmt4k2w.txt summary: The COVID-19, as other new infectious diseases, has presented us unprecedented challenges and put us into huge dilemma. As a physician on clinical frontline, I had been treating patients actively and wishing them an early recovery, but never expecting that I would be infected. As in the early stage we knew little about COVID-19 and the possibility that someone with COVID-19 can transmit the virus even if they are not showing symptoms, many healthcare professionals were infected. According to a Press Conference of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19 on February 24, 3387 medical staff have been reported to be infected, among which over 90% were from Hubei province. Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa551 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa551 id: cord-305059-8z54lw2d author: Qu, Jie-Ming title: Chapter 4 Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2021-12-31 words: 5054.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305059-8z54lw2d.txt summary: If any one of the following pathogenic or serological tests is positive, the patient is confirmed as COVID-19: (1) positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid; (2) viral gene sequencing highly homologous to the known SARS-CoV-2; or (3) serum samples positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The fifth edition of the program was specially designed for Hubei to establish the diagnostic criteria of "clinical diagnosis cases," which include clinical compliance with the characteristics of viral pneumonia, such as corresponding clinical symptoms and imaging CT findings, especially the multiple lobes exudative ground-glass shadow and intermittent consolidation, normal or decreased total count of white blood cells in laboratory examination, and reduced lymphocyte count. The methods are: (1) real-time fluorescence RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive and (2) viral gene sequencing, highly homologous with the known novel coronavirus. abstract: The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, and pathogenic confirmation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128240038000048 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824003-8.00004-8 id: cord-337663-ow1l18li author: Qu, Liang G. title: Scoping review: hotspots for COVID-19 urological research: what is being published and from where? date: 2020-09-09 words: 4694.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337663-ow1l18li.txt summary: This comprehensive review aimed to: identify all up-to-date original publications relating to urology and COVID-19, characterise where publications were from, and outline what topics were investigated. Topics of the study included pathophysiological, administrative, and clinical fields: translational (n = 14), COVID-19-related outcomes (n = 5), urology training (n = 4), telemedicine (n = 7), equipment and safety (n = 2), urology in general (n = 4), uro-oncology (n = 3), urolithiasis (n = 1), and kidney transplantation (n = 8). A registered study in France (NCT04341714) is similarly assessing the efficiency and satisfaction of telemedicine consults, aiming to recruit 400 patients from a neuro-urology clinic. 48 studies were included, investigating pathophysiological, administrative, and clinical outcomes relating to COVID-19 and urology. Clinical fields of COVID-19-related urological research seem to focus on uro-oncology, urolithiasis, and kidney transplant recipients. Nevertheless, our review is the first to provide a comprehensive country-level analysis of current original urological research related to COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: Contemporary, original research should be utilised to inform guidelines in urology relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review aimed to: identify all up-to-date original publications relating to urology and COVID-19, characterise where publications were from, and outline what topics were investigated. METHODS: This review utilised a search strategy that assessed five electronic databases, additional grey literature, and global trial registries. All current published, in-press, and pre-print manuscripts were included. Eligible studies were required to be original research articles of any study design, reporting on COVID-19 or urology, in any of study population, intervention, comparison, or outcomes. Included studies were reported in a narrative synthesis format. Data were summarised according to primary reported outcome topic. A world heatmap was generated to represent where included studies originated from. RESULTS: Of the 6617 search results, 48 studies met final inclusion criteria, including 8 pre-prints and 7 ongoing studies from online registries. These studies originated from ten countries according to first author affiliation. Most studies originated from China (n = 13), followed by Italy (n = 12) and USA (n = 11). Topics of the study included pathophysiological, administrative, and clinical fields: translational (n = 14), COVID-19-related outcomes (n = 5), urology training (n = 4), telemedicine (n = 7), equipment and safety (n = 2), urology in general (n = 4), uro-oncology (n = 3), urolithiasis (n = 1), and kidney transplantation (n = 8). CONCLUSION: This review has outlined available original research relevant to COVID-19 and urology from the international community. This summary may serve as a guide for future research priorities in this area. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00345-020-03434-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-020-03434-2 doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03434-2 id: cord-287444-vk3fdroq author: Quadri, Nasreen S. title: Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: 415.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287444-vk3fdroq.txt summary: key: cord-287444-vk3fdroq cord_uid: vk3fdroq Physicians from the University of Minnesota created the online course "COVID-19: Outbreaks and the Media" to engage students in the COVID-19 pandemic response and teach them skills for communicating medicine with the general public. Students engage in public service to the medical profession, and our patients, by amplifying high-quality information about COVID-19 on social media. The long term goal of this curriculum is to equip students with skills necessary to engage with the general public about COVID-19 and other medical topics in a manner appropriate for our profession. Alternatively, this curriculum could be adapted for more general medical communication training for medical students outside of a pandemic. The impact of students'' social media presence is a unique and scalable contribution to the pandemic response from the medical community; an alternative framework for being on the frontlines. Medical students and pandemic influenza abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876285920301996?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.05.024 id: cord-317080-kn56oov6 author: Quadri, Sayed. A. title: COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens date: 2020-05-07 words: 289.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317080-kn56oov6.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and Religious Congregations: Implications for Spread of Novel Pathogens Gathering of large number of people in close approximation could be a fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. COVID 19 is spread through droplet and basic reproduction rate, a 23 measure of transmissibility of the virus, ranges from 2.24 to 3.58 (Zhao et al., 2020) . Public 24 gatherings will evidently increase transmission and therefore social distancing was touted as the 25 foremost preventive strategy.  Suspension of communal gatherings must be promptly done as a preventive strategy 196 whenever novel pathogens emerge, in order to contain its spread.  An international regime of containment measures with regards to suspension of religious 198 congregations during infectious disease outbreaks must be devised. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel 185 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the 186 early phase of the outbreak abstract: Abstract COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world. One of the principle preventive strategies is practicing social distancing. Congregations of the faithful at local and transnational level are strongly recommended by several world religions and religious orders. Gathering of large number of people in close approximation could be a fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. The refusal to suspend such gatherings could lead to potential widespread dispersal of infections. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303131?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.007 id: cord-283093-9kz7387z author: Quaife, Matthew title: The impact of COVID-19 control measures on social contacts and transmission in Kenyan informal settlements date: 2020-10-05 words: 5613.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283093-9kz7387z.txt summary: In this study, we collect contact data from residents of informal settlements around Nairobi, Kenya, to assess if control measures have changed contact patterns, and estimate the impact of changes on the basic reproduction number (R(0)). Respondents were asked to report all direct physical and non-physical contacts made the previous day, alongside a questionnaire asking about the social and economic impact of COVID-19 and control measures. Although one social mixing study was conducted in Kilifi, a coastal area of Kenya [21] , outside of one study which collected data from a South African township [16] , no published contact data exist from informal settlements, which may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to high levels of population density, indoor crowding, and household sizes, alongside intergenerational mixing within the household. abstract: BACKGROUND: Many low- and middle-income countries have implemented control measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is not clear to what extent these measures explain the low numbers of recorded COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa. One of the main aims of control measures is to reduce respiratory pathogen transmission through direct contact with others. In this study, we collect contact data from residents of informal settlements around Nairobi, Kenya, to assess if control measures have changed contact patterns, and estimate the impact of changes on the basic reproduction number (R(0)). METHODS: We conducted a social contact survey with 213 residents of five informal settlements around Nairobi in early May 2020, 4 weeks after the Kenyan government introduced enhanced physical distancing measures and a curfew between 7 pm and 5 am. Respondents were asked to report all direct physical and non-physical contacts made the previous day, alongside a questionnaire asking about the social and economic impact of COVID-19 and control measures. We examined contact patterns by demographic factors, including socioeconomic status. We described the impact of COVID-19 and control measures on income and food security. We compared contact patterns during control measures to patterns from non-pandemic periods to estimate the change in R(0). RESULTS: We estimate that control measures reduced physical contacts by 62% and non-physical contacts by either 63% or 67%, depending on the pre-COVID-19 comparison matrix used. Masks were worn by at least one person in 92% of contacts. Respondents in the poorest socioeconomic quintile reported 1.5 times more contacts than those in the richest. Eighty-six percent of respondents reported a total or partial loss of income due to COVID-19, and 74% reported eating less or skipping meals due to having too little money for food. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 control measures have had a large impact on direct contacts and therefore transmission, but have also caused considerable economic and food insecurity. Reductions in R(0) are consistent with the comparatively low epidemic growth in Kenya and other sub-Saharan African countries that implemented similar, early control measures. However, negative and inequitable impacts on economic and food security may mean control measures are not sustainable in the longer term. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01779-4 doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01779-4 id: cord-313887-8sabsrgy author: Quandt, Sara A. title: COVID-19 Pandemic among Latinx Farmworker and Nonfarmworker Families in North Carolina: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors date: 2020-08-10 words: 7451.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313887-8sabsrgy.txt summary: Taken together, the rapidly changing messages, coupled with public concern, and limited availability of up-to-date information in formats for those with limited English proficiency created a situation in the USA in which Latinx workers such as farmworkers were likely to lack consistent and accurate information and, as a result, practice ineffective behaviors to protect themselves and prevent spreading disease to their social network. This study was designed to describe the knowledge, perceived risk and susceptibility, and preventive behaviors reported by Latinx immigrant farmworker and nonfarmworker families in North Carolina during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, these results indicate that, despite relatively high knowledge, strong perceptions of risk from COVID-19, and claims of avoiding situations where contracting or spreading infection might be likely, many of the farmworker families included here do not practice safe physical distancing measures as recommended; and their use of masks appears to be confined to work settings. abstract: (1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic poses substantial threats to Latinx farmworkers and other immigrants in food production and processing. Classified as essential, such workers cannot shelter at home. Therefore, knowledge and preventive behaviors are important to reduce COVID-19 spread in the community. (2) Methods: Respondents for 67 families with at least one farmworker (FWF) and 38 comparable families with no farmworkers (nonFWF) in North Carolina completed a telephone survey in May 2020. The survey queried knowledge of COVID-19, perceptions of its severity, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors. Detailed data were collected to document household members’ social interaction and use of face coverings. (3) Results: Knowledge of COVID-19 and prevention methods was high in both groups, as was its perceived severity. NonFWF had higher self-efficacy for preventing infection. Both groups claimed to practice preventive behaviors, though FWF emphasized social avoidance and nonFWF emphasized personal hygiene. Detailed social interactions showed high rates of inter-personal contact at home, at work, and in the community with more mask use in nonFWF than FWF. (4) Conclusions: Despite high levels of knowledge and perceived severity for COVID-19, these immigrant families were engaged in frequent interpersonal contact that could expose community members and themselves to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785108/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165786 id: cord-302864-2xnq1oq7 author: Quartuccio, Luca title: Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care date: 2020-05-15 words: 3182.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302864-2xnq1oq7.txt summary: Patients were divided in two groups: 42 severe cases (TOCI) with adverse prognostic features including raised CRP and IL-6 levels, who underwent anti-cytokine treatments, mostly tocilizumab, and 69 standard of care patients (SOC). Nevertheless, robust data to predict the outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia after the hospital admission are still lacking [6] , though they are urgently needed in order to facilitate the assessment of anti-cytokine treatment efficacy in worse prognosis patient groups and not milder disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate baseline laboratory and immunological features in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and to explore such parameters in relationship to standard of care (SOC group) therapy versus anti-cytokine therapy, mainly tocilizumab, (TOCI group) that was mostly used either in ventilated patients in the ICU or non-invasively ventilated patients, mostly in the ward setting. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately 5% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a life-threatening pneumonia that often occurs in the setting of increased inflammation or “cytokine storm”. Anti-cytokine treatments are being evaluated but optimal patient selection remains unclear, and the aim of our study is to address this point. METHODS: Between February 29 to April 6, 2020, 111 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated in a single centre retrospective study. Patients were divided in two groups: 42 severe cases (TOCI) with adverse prognostic features including raised CRP and IL-6 levels, who underwent anti-cytokine treatments, mostly tocilizumab, and 69 standard of care patients (SOC). RESULTS: In the TOCI group, all received anti-viral therapy and 40% also received glucocorticoids. In TOCI, 62% of cases were ventilated and there were 3 deaths (17.8 ± 10.6 days, mean follow up) with 7/26 cases remaining on ventilators, without improvement, and 17/26 developed bacterial superinfection. One fatality occurred in the 15 TOCI cases treated on noninvasive ventilation and 1 serious bacterial superinfection. Of the 69 cases in SOC, there was no fatalities and no bacterial complications. The TOCI group had higher baseline CRP and IL-6 elevations (p < 0.0001 for both) and higher neutrophils and lower lymphocyte levels (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001, respectively) with the TOCI ventilated patients having higher markers than non-ventilated TOCI patients. CONCLUSION: Higher inflammatory markers, more infections and worse outcomes characterized ventilated TOCI cases compared to ward based TOCI. Despite the confounding factors, this suggests that therapy time in anti-cytokine randomized trials will be key. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653220301864?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104444 id: cord-273998-e7m5g242 author: Que, Jianyu title: Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China date: 2020-06-14 words: 4862.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273998-e7m5g242.txt summary: Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. results The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are under tremendous pressure, which puts them at an increased risk of developing psychological problems. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychological problems in different healthcare workers (ie, physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals) during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and explore factors that are associated with the onset of psychological problems in this population during this public health crisis. METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February 2020 among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological problems were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors that were associated with psychological problems. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and the overall psychological problems in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China was 46.04%, 44.37%, 28.75% and 56.59%, respectively. The prevalence of the overall psychological problems in physicians, medical residents, nurses, technicians and public health professionals was 60.35%, 50.82%, 62.02%, 57.54% and 62.40%, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers who did not participate in front-line work, front-line healthcare workers had a higher risk of anxiety, insomnia and overall psychological problems. In addition, attention to negative or neutral information about the pandemic, receiving negative feedback from families and friends who joined front-line work, and unwillingness to join front-line work if given a free choice were three major factors for these psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological problems are pervasive among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Receiving negative information and participating in front-line work appear to be important risk factors for psychological problems. The psychological health of different healthcare workers should be protected during the COVID-19 pandemic with timely interventions and proper information feedback. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259 doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259 id: cord-328916-j2ztk2hk author: Queiroz, Maciel M. title: Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review date: 2020-06-16 words: 8090.0 sentences: 450.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328916-j2ztk2hk.txt summary: title: Impacts of epidemic outbreaks on supply chains: mapping a research agenda amid the COVID-19 pandemic through a structured literature review Humanitarian logistics literature has extensively studied epidemic impacts; however, there exists a research gap in understanding of pandemic impacts in commercial SCs. To progress in this direction, we present a systematic analysis of the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on SCs guided by a structured literature review that collated a unique set of publications. Most centrally, we propose a framework for operations and supply chain management at the times of COVID-19 pandemic spanning six perspectives, i.e., adaptation, digitalization, preparedness, recovery, ripple effect, and sustainability. The categories considered during the analysis of papers were Outbreak/Disease reported, Purpose, Main method/Theoretical approach, and Supply chain/Logistics/Operations implications. A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak shows that pandemics and epidemics can seriously wreak havoc on supply chains (SC) around the globe. Humanitarian logistics literature has extensively studied epidemic impacts; however, there exists a research gap in understanding of pandemic impacts in commercial SCs. To progress in this direction, we present a systematic analysis of the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on SCs guided by a structured literature review that collated a unique set of publications. The literature review findings suggest that influenza was the most visible epidemic outbreak reported, and that optimization of resource allocation and distribution emerged as the most popular topic. The streamlining of the literature helps us to reveal several new research tensions and novel categorizations/classifications. Most centrally, we propose a framework for operations and supply chain management at the times of COVID-19 pandemic spanning six perspectives, i.e., adaptation, digitalization, preparedness, recovery, ripple effect, and sustainability. Utilizing the outcomes of our analysis, we tease out a series of open research questions that would not be observed otherwise. Our study also emphasizes the need and offers directions to advance the literature on the impacts of the epidemic outbreaks on SCs framing a research agenda for scholars and practitioners working on this emerging research stream. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7 doi: 10.1007/s10479-020-03685-7 id: cord-326717-sebzbijm author: Quereshy, Humzah A. title: “Hot zones” for otolaryngologists: Assessing the geographic distribution of aerosol-generating procedures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-27 words: 2006.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326717-sebzbijm.txt summary: Using the Medicare POSPUF database, aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were mapped based on hospital referral regions, against up-to-date COVID-19 case distribution data, as of April 24, 2020. Following the interim cancellation of elective surgical procedures, the American College of Surgeons suggested that, in order to reopen elective surgeries, geographic areas should see sustained reductions in rates of new COVID-19 cases and have adequate hospital resources to take care of all patients sufficiently 11 . As the focus shifts to resuming elective procedures in hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, and outpatient clinics, we must appreciate that otolaryngologists remain at very high risk of exposure due to their unique susceptibility of aerosol-generating procedures. In this J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f way, while health systems across the country have instituted changes to their approach to these procedures during the pandemic, it is critical for all institutions to re-evaluate the risk of certain procedures involving high viral load based on predicted procedural volumes to establish appropriate clinical protocols as we look to restore surgical practices to normalcy. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Given high COVID-19 viral load and aerosolization in the head and neck, otolaryngologists are subject to uniquely elevated viral exposure in most of their inpatient and outpatient procedures and interventions. While elective activity has halted across the board nationally, the slow plateau of COVID-19 case rates is prompting the question of timing of resumption of clinical activity. We sought to prospectively predict geographical “hot zones” for otolaryngological exposure to COVID-19 based on procedural volumes data from 2013 to 2017. METHODS: Otolaryngologic CPT codes were stratified based on risk-level, according to recently published specialty-specific guidelines. Using the Medicare POSPUF database, aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were mapped based on hospital referral regions, against up-to-date COVID-19 case distribution data, as of April 24, 2020. RESULTS: The most common AGPs were diagnostic flexible laryngoscopy, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and flexible laryngoscopy with stroboscopy. The regions with the most AGPs per otolaryngologist were Iowa City, IA, Detroit, MI, and Burlington, VT, while the states with the most COVID-19 cases as of April 24th are New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a model for predicting possible “hot zones” for otolaryngologic exposure based on both COVID-19 case density and AGP-density. As the focus shifts to resuming elective procedures, these potential “hot zones” need to be evaluated for appropriate risk-based decision-making, such as “reopening strategies” and allocation of resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102550 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102550 id: cord-258675-nh1zu0yu author: Quesada, J. A. title: Período de incubación de la COVID-19: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis date: 2020-10-01 words: 2671.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258675-nh1zu0yu.txt summary: Se han reportado resultados variables en recientes estudios y, por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es proporcionar una estimación más precisa del período de incubación de la COVID-19. Según los datos publicados sobre el período de incubación de la COVID-19, el tiempo medio entre la exposición y la aparición de los síntomas clínicos depende del modelo estadístico utilizado y el percentil 95, de la edad media de los pacientes. Según los datos publicados sobre el período de incubación de la COVID-19, el tiempo medio entre la exposición y la aparición de los síntomas clínicos depende del modelo estadístico utilizado y el percentil 95, de la edad media de los pacientes. Los resultados del presente estudio muestran que el período medio de incubación de la COVID-19 es de 32 5,6 días (IC del 95%: 5,1 a 6,1) y puede variar según el modelo utilizado para su estimación y la calidad 33 del estudio. abstract: Background and objective. The incubation period of COVID-19 helps to determine the optimal duration of the quarantine and inform predictive models of incidence curves. Several emerging studies have produced varying results; this systematic review aims to provide a more accurate estimate of the incubation period of COVID-19. Methods. For this systematic review, a literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus/EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases, covering all observational and experimental studies reporting the incubation period and published from 1 January 2020 to 21 March 2020.We estimated the mean and 95th percentile of the incubation period using meta-analysis, taking into account between-study heterogeneity, and the analysis with moderator variables. Results. We included seven studies (N= 792) in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity (I2 83.0%, p< 0.001)was significantly decreased when we included the study quality and the statistical model used as moderator variables (I2 15%). The mean incubation period ranged from 5.6 (95%CI: 5.2 to 6.0) to 6.7 days (95% CI: 6.0 to 7.4) according to the statistical model. The 95th percentile was 12.5 days when the mean age of patients was 60 years, increasing 1 day for every 10 years. Conclusion. Based on the published data reporting the incubation period of COVID-19, the mean time between exposure and onset of clinical symptoms depended on the statistical model used, and the 95th percentile depended on the mean age of the patients. It is advisable to record sex and age when collecting data in order to analyze possible differential patterns. Antecedentes y objetivo. El período de incubación de la COVID-19 ayuda a determinar la duración óptima del período de cuarentena y a crear modelos predictivos de curvas de incidencia. Se han reportado resultados variables en recientes estudios y, por ello, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es proporcionar una estimación más precisa del período de incubación de la COVID-19. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Scopus / EMBASE y la Cochrane Library, incluyendo todos los estudios observacionales y experimentales que reportaban un período de incubación y que se habían publicado entre el 1 de enero y el 21 de marzo de 2020. Se estimó la media y el percentil 95 del período de incubación mediante metaanálisis, teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad entre los estudios y el análisis con variables moderadoras. Resultados. Se incluyeron siete estudios (N = 792) en el metaanálisis. La heterogeneidad (I2 83,0 %, p <0,001) disminuyó significativamente cuando se tuvo en cuenta la calidad del estudio y el modelo estadístico utilizado como variables moderadoras (I2 15%). El período medio de incubación oscilaba entre 5,6 (IC 95 %: 5,2 a 6,0) y 6,7 ​​días (IC 95 %: 6,0 a 7,4) según el modelo estadístico utilizado. El percentil 95 fue de 12,5 días cuando la edad media de los pacientes era de 60 años, aumentando 1 día por cada 10 años de edad. Conclusión. Según los datos publicados sobre el período de incubación de la COVID-19, el tiempo medio entre la exposición y la aparición de los síntomas clínicos depende del modelo estadístico utilizado y el percentil 95, de la edad media de los pacientes. Se recomienda registrar el sexo y la edad en la recogida de los datos para poder analizar los posibles patrones diferenciales. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001425652030240X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.08.005 id: cord-325778-y5miy24f author: Quigley, Ashley L. title: Estimating the Burden of COVID-19 on the Australian Healthcare Workers and Health System date: 2020-10-29 words: 2954.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325778-y5miy24f.txt summary: We aimed to estimate the burden of COVID-19 on Australia healthcare workers and the health system by obtaining and organizing data on HCW infections, analyzing national HCW cases in regards to occupational risk and analyzing healthcare outbreak. METHODS: We searched government reports and websites and media reports to create a comprehensive line listing of Australian healthcare worker infections and nosocomial outbreaks between January 25(th) and July 8(th), 2020. Many studies have also shown that hospitals not only present a high exposure setting for respiratory infections in HCW 17, 18 but that presenteeism is a key risk factor in disease transmission and extension of an outbreak 19 . Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report COVID-19: the case for health-care worker screening to prevent hospital transmission abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is no publicly available national data on healthcare worker infections in Australia. It has been documented in many countries that healthcare workers are at increased occupational risk of COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the burden of COVID-19 on Australia healthcare workers and the health system by obtaining and organizing data on HCW infections, analyzing national HCW cases in regards to occupational risk and analyzing healthcare outbreak. METHODS: We searched government reports and websites and media reports to create a comprehensive line listing of Australian healthcare worker infections and nosocomial outbreaks between January 25(th) and July 8(th), 2020. A line list of healthcare worker related COVID-19 reported cases was created and enhanced by matching data extracted from media reports of healthcare related COVID-19 relevant outbreaks and reports, using matching criteria. Rates of infections and odds ratios (ORs) for healthcare workers were calculated per state, by comparing overall cases to healthcare worker cases. To investigate the sources of infection amongst healthcare workers, transmission data were collated and graphed to show distribution of sources. RESULTS: We identified 36 hospital outbreaks or outbreaks between January 25(th) and July 8(th), 2020. According to our estimates, at least 536 healthcare workers in Australia have been infected with COVID-19, comprising 6.03% of all reported infections. The rate of healthcare worker infection was 72/100,000 and of community infection 34/100,000. healthcare workers were 2.76 times more likely to contract COVID-19 (95% CI 2.53 to 3.01; P<0.001). The timing of hospital outbreaks did not always correspond to community peaks. Where data were available, a total of 131 healthcare workers across 21 outbreaks, led to 1656 healthcare workers being furloughed for quarantine. One hospital was closed and had 1200 workers quarantined in one outbreak. CONCLUSION: The study shows that HCWs were at nearly 3 times the risk of infection. Of concern, this nearly tripling of risk occurred during a period of low community prevalence suggesting failures at multiple hazard levels including PPE policies within the work environment. Even in a country with relatively good control of COVID-19, healthcare workers are at greater risk of infection than the general community and nosocomial outbreaks can have substantial effects on workforce capacity by the quarantine of numerous workers during an outbreak. The occurrence of hospital outbreaks even when community incidence was low, highlights the high risk setting that hospitals present. Australia faces a resurgence of COVID-19 since late June 2020, with multiple hospital outbreaks. We recommend formal reporting of healthcare worker infections, testing protocols for nosocomial outbreaks, cohorting of workforce to minimize the impact, and improved PPE guidelines to provide precautionary and optimal protection for healthcare workers. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0020748920302972 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103811 id: cord-315920-9p6ar3cr author: Quigley, Denise D. title: COVID‐19 Preparedness in Nursing Homes in the Midst of the Pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 914.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315920-9p6ar3cr.txt summary: When asked their greatest COVID-19 preparedness concern, administrators cited lack of supplies (43%), staff shortage (34%), and resident health and safety (14%). One administrator lamented, "Not having enough PPE to keep up with a COVID-19 outbreak and sufficient staffing if staff become ill." Another noted, "Not enough available supplies for staff, such as an N-95 masks or respirators or face shields; now we are using cotton-made face masks and…sanitary pads as an additional barrier." Nevertheless, our results do indicate the need for NHs to continue refining their preparedness strategies in response to local virus prevalence, resident population, and local regulations, including state policies on accepting COVID-19 patients discharged from hospitals. Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Nursing Homes Infection prevention and control programs in US nursing homes: results of a national survey Covid-19 preparedness in Michigan nursing homes abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16520 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16520 id: cord-271906-2nm55024 author: Quincho-Lopez, Alvaro title: Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review date: 2020-07-23 words: 1982.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271906-2nm55024.txt summary: title: Case Report: Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum as Uncommon Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia—Literature Review We performed a literature review of COVID-19 pneumonia cases that developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or both. 3, 4 Herein, we report two cases of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, who developed pneumomediastinum, and one of them also presented pneumothorax. 14 Table 1 presents a summary of case reports of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who presented pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or both. In conclusion, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are possible complications of COVID-19 pneumonia, causing acute decompensation that can worsen the prognosis of patients, especially those with underlying lung diseases. Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: case report Secondary tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 pneumonia patient: a case report Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and the possible underlying mechanism Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a probable unusual complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, awareness of uncommon presentations of the disease increases. Such is the case with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Recent evidence suggested that these can occur in the context of COVID-19 pneumonia, even in the absence of mechanical ventilation–related barotrauma. We present two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by pneumomediastinum. The first patient was a 55-year-old woman who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Her clinical course was complicated by pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum, and, unfortunately, she died 2 days following the admission. The second patient was a 31-year-old man who developed a small pneumomediastinum and was managed conservatively. He had a spontaneous resolution of the pneumomediastinum and was discharged 19 days later. None of our patients required invasive or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. We performed a literature review of COVID-19 pneumonia cases that developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or both. The analysis showed that the latter had high mortality (60%). Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to these complications as early identification and management can reduce the associated morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0815 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0815 id: cord-317990-61is0hgm author: Quinn, Katherine G. title: Applying the Popular Opinion Leader Intervention for HIV to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 2198.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317990-61is0hgm.txt summary: have recently noted, the spread of medical mistrust and public health misinformation evident in the current COVID-19 pandemic mirrors long-standing challenges in the HIV epidemic [1] . Accordingly, we can take lessons learned from the HIV epidemic about the spread of public health information and its effects on behavior change apply them to the current pandemic. This Note focuses on social networks and the popular opinion leader model, which may be key in disseminating trusted information about COVID-19 in a rapidly changing public health landscape. Yet, engaging trusted community leaders and social influencers to disseminate accurate public health information may help overcome these challenges to address inequities reduce COVID-19 stigma, and strengthen norms that contribute to sustained behavior change (e.g. social distancing, mask wearing, hand washing). Aligned with social distancing guidelines for COVID-19 prevention, we are using online social networks as an efficient and effective way to disseminate accurate information and influence community norms and behaviors [36] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32588259/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02954-7 id: cord-349954-bozgrzvf author: Quintaliani, Giuseppe title: Exposure to novel coronavirus in patients on renal replacement therapy during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: survey of the Italian Society of Nephrology date: 2020-07-03 words: 3454.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349954-bozgrzvf.txt summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, among SARS-Cov-2 positive RRT patients the fatality rate was 32.8%, as compared to 13.3% observed in the Italian population as of April 23rd. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of the 60,441 surveyed RRT patients in Italy were SARS-Cov-2 positive and subsequently died during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic. The urgent need for a better understanding of the epidemic in RRT patients was immediately evident, and therefore we designed a survey of the Nephrology centers in Italy, aimed to capture the main features, impact and geographical distribution of SARS-CoV-2 spread in over 60,000 prevalent RRT patients during the exponential phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The Italian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 survey confirms and extends previous preliminary observations suggesting that RRT patients, especially those on HD, are at increased risk of developing severe SARS-Cov-2 infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: Between February and April 2020, Italy experienced an overwhelming growth of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known, at the country level, where and how patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have been mostly affected. METHODS: Survey of the network of Nephrology centers using a simplified 17 items electronic questionnaire designed by Italian Society of Nephrology COVID-19 Research Group. We used spatial epidemiology and geographical information systems to map SARS-CoV-2 spread among RRT patients in Italy. RESULTS: On April 9th 2020, all nephrology centers (n = 454) listed in the DialMap database were invited to complete the electronic questionnaire. Within 11 days on average, 365 centers responded (80.4% response rate; 2.3% margin of error) totaling 60,441 RRT patients. The surveyed RRT population included 30,821 hemodialysis (HD), 4139 peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 25,481 transplanted (Tx) patients respectively. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive RRT patients in Italy was 2.26% (95% CI 2.14–2.39) with significant differences according to treatment modality (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 was significantly higher in HD (3.55% [95% CI 3.34–3.76]) than PD (1.38% [95% CI 1.04–1.78] and Tx (0.86% [95% CI 0.75–0.98]) (p < 0.001), with substantial heterogeneity across regions and along the latitude gradient (p < 0.001). In RRT patients the highest rate was in the north-west (4.39% [95% CI 4.11–4.68], followed by the north-east (IR 2.06% [1.79–2.36]), the center (0.91% [0.75–1.09]), the main islands (0.67% [0.47–0.93]), and the south (0.59% [0.45–0.75]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, among SARS-Cov-2 positive RRT patients the fatality rate was 32.8%, as compared to 13.3% observed in the Italian population as of April 23rd. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of the 60,441 surveyed RRT patients in Italy were SARS-Cov-2 positive and subsequently died during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic. Infection risk and rates seems to differ substantially across regions, along geographical latitude, and by treatment modality. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40620-020-00794-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32621109/ doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00794-1 id: cord-279038-ocb1tlzp author: Quispe Flores, María Alejandra title: The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus date: 2020-09-22 words: 575.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279038-ocb1tlzp.txt summary: title: The COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A new opportunity to improve the monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus The narrative review published by Macherera et al 1 has been of great interest to us, as it highlights the importance of establishing a personalized educational plan in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on preventive measures, medications, changes in lifestyle, self-monitoring of glucose, foot care and prevention of complications. In 2018 and 2019, two meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials were carried out with the aim of comparing the results of telemedicine and the usual care for diabetic patients. In conclusion, we highlight that although Peru is one of the countries that is suffering the most from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this may be an opportunity to discover tools to improve the control of patients with diabetes and contribute to overcoming barriers to the access of health services. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32998093/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.023 id: cord-262375-1ex2ow07 author: Qun, Sen title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Closely Associated With the Severity and Course of Non-mild COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 words: 5187.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262375-1ex2ow07.txt summary: All confirmed patients were clinically classified according to the "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment Scheme of the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (version 7)" at the time of admission (4), as follows: (1) general type: symptoms such as fever and respiratory tract complaints were present, and manifestations of pneumonia could be seen on imaging; (2) serious type: any of the following criteria were met: (1) respiratory distress, respiratory rate (RR) ≥ 30 times/min; (2) resting oxygen saturation ≤ 93%; or (3) arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO 2 )/oxygen absorption concentration (FiO 2 ) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); (3) critical type: any of the following criteria were met: (1) respiratory failure and a need for mechanical ventilation, (2) shock, or (3) a combination of factors with other organ failure requiring ICU care. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading worldwide. Measuring the prevention and control of the disease has become a matter requiring urgent focus. OBJECTIVE: Based on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical data from Wuhan, we conducted an in-depth analysis to clarify some of the pathological mechanisms of the disease and identify simple measures to predict its severity early on. METHODS: A total of 230 patients with non-mild COVID-19 were recruited, and information on their clinical characteristics, inflammatory cytokines, and T lymphocyte subsets was collected. Risk factors for severity were analyzed by binary logistic regression, and the associations of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (N/LRs) with illness severity, disease course, CT grading, inflammatory cytokines, and T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that the N/LRs were closely related to interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 (P < 0.001, P = 0.024) and to CD3(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes (P < 0.001, P = 0.046). In particular, the N/LRs were positively correlated with the severity and course of the disease (P = 0.021, P < 0.001). Compared to the values at the first test after admission, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, as of the last test before discharge (P = 0.006, P < 0.001). More importantly, through binary logistic regression, we found that male sex, underlying diseases (such as cardiovascular disease), pulse, and N/LRs were all closely related to the severity of the disease (P = 0.004, P = 0.012, P = 0.013, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: As a quick and convenient marker of inflammation, N/LRs may predict the disease course and severity level of non-mild COVID-19; male sex, cardiovascular disease, and pulse are also risk factors for the severity of non-mild COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02160 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02160 id: cord-293860-6kz0iws6 author: Qutayba Almerie, Muhammad title: The Association between Obesity and Poor Outcome after COVID-19 Indicates a Potential Therapeutic Role for Montelukast date: 2020-05-27 words: 2801.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293860-6kz0iws6.txt summary: HYPOTHESIS: Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. With its prominent effect in reducing leukotriene-mediated cytokine release montelukast would have the potential to moderate the background inflammation associated with obesity and the body''s inflammatory response to SARS-CoV2. The strong association between the pro-inflammatory state found in metabolic syndrome and obesity and a more aggressive clinical course in COVID-19 suggests a potential treatment role for drugs that inhibit cytokine release and macrophage activation. abstract: It is widely believed that infection with the SARS-CoV2 virus triggers a disproportionate immune response which causes a devastating systemic injury, particularly in individuals with obesity, itself a chronic, multi-organ inflammatory disease. Immune cells accumulate in visceral adipose tissue and together with paracrine adipocytes release a wide range of biologically active cytokines (including IL-1β, IL5, IL6 and IL8) that can result in both local, pulmonary and systemic inflammation. A more intense ‘cytokine storm’ is postulated as the mechanism behind the extreme immune response seen in severe COVID-19. It is striking how dangerous the combination of obesity and COVID-19 is, resulting in a greater risk of ICU admission and a higher mortality. Furthermore, patients from a BAME background appear to have increased mortality after SARS-CoV2 infection; they also have a higher prevalence of central obesity and its metabolic complications. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulating drugs is a priority, but the development of new drugs is expensive and time-consuming. A more pragmatic solution would be to seek to repurpose existing drugs, particularly those that might suppress the heightened cytokine activity seen in obesity, the major risk factor for a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist licensed to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. It has been shown to diminish pulmonary response to antigen, tissue eosinophilia and IL-5 expression in inflammatory cells. It has also been shown to decrease elevated levels of IL-1β and IL8 in humans with viral upper respiratory tract infections compared with placebo-treated patients. In addition, in silico studies have demonstrated a high binding affinity of the montelukast molecule to the terminal site of the virus’s main protease enzyme which is needed for virus RNA synthesis and replication. Montelukast, which is cheap, safe and widely available would appear to have the potential to be an ideal candidate drug for clinical trials, particularly in early stage disease before irreparable tissue damage has already occurred. HYPOTHESIS: Through a direct anti-viral effect, or by suppression of heightened cytokine release in response to SARS-CoV2, montelukast will reduce the severity of immune-mediated multiorgan damage resulting from COVID-19, particularly in patients with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720311488?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109883 id: cord-269873-4hxwo5kt author: R., Mohammadi title: Transfer Learning-Based Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Chest X-ray Images date: 2020-10-01 words: 3378.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269873-4hxwo5kt.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, we have applied Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained models for detection COVID-19 infection from 348 chest X-ray images. To this end, the present study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. In this study, a CNN-based model was used to detect COVID-19 from the chest X-ray images. In this study, we proposed four pre-trained deep CNN models, including VGG-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 for discriminating COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray images. In this study, we presented four pre-trained deep CNN models such as VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 are used for transfer learning to detect and classify COVID-19 from chest radiography. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease and global health crisis. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is known as the most widely laboratory method to detect the COVID-19 from respiratory specimens. It suffers from several main drawbacks such as time-consuming, high false-negative results, and limited availability. Therefore, the automatically detect of COVID-19 will be required. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use an automated deep convolution neural network based pre-trained transfer models for detection of COVID-19 infection in chest X-rays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, we have applied Visual Geometry Group (VGG)-16, VGG-19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained models for detection COVID-19 infection from 348 chest X-ray images. RESULTS: Our proposed models have been trained and tested on a dataset which previously prepared. The all proposed models provide accuracy greater than 90.0%. The pre-trained MobileNet model provides the highest classification performance of automated COVID-19 classification with 99.1% accuracy in comparison with other three proposed models. The plotted area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of VGG16, VGG19, MobileNet, and InceptionResNetV2 models are 0.92, 0.91, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively. CONCLUSION: The all proposed models were able to perform binary classification with the accuracy more than 90.0% for COVID-19 diagnosis. Our data indicated that the MobileNet can be considered as a promising model to detect COVID-19 cases. In the future, by increasing the number of samples of COVID-19 chest X-rays to the training dataset, the accuracy and robustness of our proposed models increase further. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134214/ doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1153 id: cord-333451-p2plpeew author: Raab, Anja M. title: Significant demands on healthcare resources during the COVID crisis date: 2020-05-13 words: 954.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333451-p2plpeew.txt summary: Who takes care of all these "Post-COVID-19" patients after they have struggled in ICUs, been intubated for a long time and sedated against the disease and have luckily survived after weeks of mechanical ventilation? Therapists providing respiratory care to patients need to use appropriate personal protective equipment including N95/P2 masks, fluid resistant long-sleeved gowns, googles/ face shields and gloves as [4] . When our first COVID-19-patient was asked at the end of the clinical visit, what he wishes most, he simply answered with the help of a speaking valve, connected to the ventilator "To eat a Cordon bleu!" For those not familiar with this term, it is veal folded and filled with famous Swiss cheese -a lot of proteins to support the respiratory muscles. We hope that this letter has increased readers awareness of the respiratory therapy with COVID-19 to feel supported during these challenging times. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-020-0482-y doi: 10.1038/s41393-020-0482-y id: cord-335767-omm04fg5 author: Raabe, Vanessa N title: Importance of Pediatric Inclusion in COVID-19 Therapeutic Trials date: 2020-05-27 words: 1468.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335767-omm04fg5.txt summary: Not only do children and the medical community lose out on opportunities to gain the highest level of clinical evidence for efficacy in a vulnerable population, but due to the lack of availability of pediatric trials, many children hospitalized for COVID-19 are receiving off-label use of therapeutic agents with unproven benefit against COVID-19. In addition to offering enhanced safety monitoring, enrollment of children in clinical trials ensures that parents and older children are fully informed of the potential risks and benefits associated with use of the therapeutic agent, a conversation often omitted when medications are prescribed off-label. Inclusion of children in these clinical trials is feasible under current regulations, provides direct benefit to pediatric trial participants from a safety perspective compared to off-label prescribing, and provides systematic collection of the highest quality of evidence for COVID-19 therapeutics in a vulnerable population where SARS-CoV-2 infection behaves differently from adults. abstract: Pediatric patients are excluded from most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapeutic trials. We outline a rationale for the inclusion of children in COVID-19 therapeutic trials, which enabled us to include children of all ages in a therapeutic COVID-19 trial at our institution. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa656 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa656 id: cord-258865-sxz39swi author: Rabbani, H. title: Modelling COVID-19 using the Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics date: 2020-06-25 words: 2246.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258865-sxz39swi.txt summary: In December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia, subsequently associated with a novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2), named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), emerged in Wuhan, China. These measures include physical/social distancing to minimize the rate of person-to-person contact, frequent hand washing, the utilization of masks, gloves and other forms of personal protection equipment (PPE), mass testing, contact tracing and isolation/quarantine of persons with suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. In pandemic situations where data could be sparse, mathematical modelling can be a powerful tool to understand and predict the course of the outbreak in order to inform the development of potential control strategies 11, 12 . The most frequently used framework in the case of human transmissions is the so-called SIR model 13 is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. Using the fluid transport equation, we derived the following mathematical model to predict the infected cases of COVID-19. abstract: As of 21st May 2020, there have been 4.89M confirmed cases worldwide and over 323,000 deaths of people who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak of COVID-19, has not only caused widespread morbidity and mortality, but has also led to a catastrophic breakdown in the global economy and unprecedented social disruption. To lessen the global health consequences of COVID-19, sweeping COVID-19 lockdown and quarantine measures have been imposed within many nations. These measures have significantly impacted the world's economy and in many cases has led to the loss of livelihood. Mathematical modeling of pandemics is of critical importance to understand the unfolding of transmission events and to formulate control measures. In this research letter, we have introduced a novel approach to forecasting epidemics like COVID-19. The proposed mathematical model stems from the fundamental principles of fluid dynamics, and can be utilized to make projections of the number of infected people. This unique mathematical model can be beneficial for predicting and designing potential strategies to mitigate the spread and impact of pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.20139071 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.24.20139071 id: cord-351567-ifoe8x28 author: Rabi, Firas A. title: SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far date: 2020-03-20 words: 5745.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351567-ifoe8x28.txt summary: However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. To assess the magnitude of the risk posed by the SARS-CoV-2, we review four parameters that we believe important: the transmission rate, the incubation period, the case fatality rate (CFR), and the determination of whether asymptomatic transmission can occur. A small study of 17 patients showed that nasal viral load peaks within days of symptom onset, suggesting that transmission of disease is more likely to occur early in the course of infection [40] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)-China 2020 Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia abstract: In December 2019, a cluster of fatal pneumonia cases presented in Wuhan, China. They were caused by a previously unknown coronavirus. All patients had been associated with the Wuhan Wholefood market, where seafood and live animals are sold. The virus spread rapidly and public health authorities in China initiated a containment effort. However, by that time, travelers had carried the virus to many countries, sparking memories of the previous coronavirus epidemics, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and causing widespread media attention and panic. Based on clinical criteria and available serological and molecular information, the new disease was called coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the novel coronavirus was called SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emphasizing its close relationship to the 2002 SARS virus (SARS-CoV). The scientific community raced to uncover the origin of the virus, understand the pathogenesis of the disease, develop treatment options, define the risk factors, and work on vaccine development. Here we present a summary of current knowledge regarding the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030231 doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030231 id: cord-287057-1g5i8li4 author: Rabiller, G title: Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria en Argentina durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo date: 2020-09-12 words: 2615.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287057-1g5i8li4.txt summary: En esta publicación se presentan criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo en la práctica segura de la Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria, a fin de minimizar el riesgo de transmisión viral durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en una instalación de referencia de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) de Argentina, mientras se continúan desempeñando servicios esenciales para el sistema de salud. En el escenario actual es posible que pacientes COVID-19 positivos o sospechosos requieran prácticas de Medicina Nuclear para lo cual se tomarán todas las medidas sanitarias adecuadas, con la finalidad de proteger al personal de salud que realice la práctica, asegurando así la continuidad de la prestación del servicio 5 . La utilidad de este criterio, es que, una persona inmunocompetente desarrolla este perfil inmunológico en caso de contagio, por lo cual es importante esta consideración en la organización de los grupos de trabajo. abstract: En esta publicación se presentan criterios y fundamentos para la organización del trabajo en la práctica segura de la Radiofarmacia Hospitalaria, a fin de minimizar el riesgo de transmisión viral durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en una instalación de referencia de la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) de Argentina, mientras se continúan desempeñando servicios esenciales para el sistema de salud. Con este fin se consultaron como referencia documentos de la CNEA, OIEA, la OMS y otras publicaciones científicas. Estas recomendaciones se encuentran en proceso de revisión constante y son actualizadas de manera permanente. En este marco se propone el presente modelo de organización laboral para esta actividad esencial incluyendo recomendaciones generales, particulares y su fundamento epidemiológico e inmunológico. This publication presents criteria and bases for the work organization in the safe practice of Hospital Radiopharmacy, in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a reference facility of the National Energy Commission Atomic (CNEA) of Argentina, while continuing to perform essential services for the health system. For this purpose, documents from the CNEA, IAEA, WHO and other scientific publications were consulted as reference. These recommendations are under constant review and are permanently updated. Within this framework, the present model of work organization for this essential activity is proposed, including general and specific recommendations and its epidemiological and immunological basis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2253654X20301712 doi: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.08.015 id: cord-354608-1me3nopu author: Rabinowicz, Shira title: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence date: 2020-09-19 words: 5426.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354608-1me3nopu.txt summary: By mid-August 2020, the World Health Organization reported over 23 million confirmed cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), resulting in more than 710,000 death worldwide [1] . We review the current evidence of epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and indirect health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 on children. In reports from countries that were severely affected early in course of the pandemic, children comprise 1-2% the diagnosed COVID-19 cases, underrepresented compared with other age groups [3, [13] [14] [15] . In summary, children at any age may be infected with SARS-CoV-2, with reduced frequency and severity compared with adults, although clear epidemiologic data is still missing. Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Pediatric Patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has major health and economic impacts. We review disease characteristics in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Children comprise 1–2% of the diagnosed cases, and typically suffer mild disease. The median age of infected children is 3.3–11 years, and male/female ratio is 1.15–1.55. Common symptoms in children include upper respiratory symptoms (26–54%), cough (44–54%), fever (32–65%), and gastrointestinal (15–30%) symptoms. Substantial proportion (4–23%) are asymptomatic. Death rates are up to 0.7%. Risk factors associated with severe disease are neonatal age group, male gender, lower respiratory tract disease, and pre-existing medical conditions. Vertical transmission was reported. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS), characterized by fever, multisystem organ involvement, and laboratory markers of inflammation, causes critical illness in > 50% of cases and is increasingly reported from endemic countries. Indirect effects of the coronavirus epidemic include higher rates of psychiatric morbidities, education loss, unhealthy lifestyle changes, and increased child neglect. Vaccines are in clinical trials and immunogenicity has not yet been shown in children. SUMMARY: Overall, COVID-19 has lower incidence and causes milder disease in children compared with adult patients. MIS is a rare severe complication more common in children. More data on the efficacy and safety of antivirals in children are needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982599/ doi: 10.1007/s11908-020-00739-6 id: cord-284671-r4m1wrbk author: Racine, Nicole title: Evidence suggests children are being left behind in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-11-05 words: 985.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284671-r4m1wrbk.txt summary: To inform policy and practice, our research group conducted a large-scale search across 5 research databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE) to identify the prevalence of mental health difficulties in children and adults since COVID-19. While 25% of the world''s population are children, they make up only ~ 8% of research being conducted on the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Child mental health research is drastically lagging behind research on adults, and there is an urgent need to prioritize funding for research initiatives that explicitly examines children''s mental health. Both disparities in child mental health research and service access are problematic, particularly in the face of COVID-19, which will increase the need for innovative solutions to decrease the mental health burden for children. To date, the available evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and its associated mitigation strategies on child and adolescent mental health is scarce [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33151431/ doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01672-8 id: cord-258535-2m369sm5 author: Radbel, Jared title: Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report date: 2020-04-25 words: 1682.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258535-2m369sm5.txt summary: Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. 7 Tocilizumab is theorized to treat the CRS that can occur in patients with COVID-19, similar to its use in CRS secondary to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. In this report, we have presented two cases of COVID-19-induced CRS with elevated IL-6 levels and progression to sHLH, despite treatment with tocilizumab. 11 In our first case, the patient developed viral myocarditis, an established presentation of severe COVID-19 on day 10 after symptom onset. However, several clinical trials are actively recruiting subjects to determine the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in adult patients. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has become a pandemic affecting more than 1.5 million people worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide spectrum of manifestations, one being cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and its fatal correlate, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Anti-cytokine therapy such as tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, is a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, data regarding the efficacy of this anti-IL-6 therapy are currently lacking. We report two cases of patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 complicated by CRS and were treated with tocilizumab. Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. These cases highlight the need for clinical trials to determine optimal patient selection and timing for the use of tocilizumab during this disease process. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.024 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.024 id: cord-324669-qca0uwxo author: Radermecker, Coraline title: Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 words: 4883.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324669-qca0uwxo.txt summary: title: Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Our study reports that NETs infiltrate distinct compartments and lesions in the lungs of COVID-19 patients with a fatal outcome. Altogether, our study supports the idea that targeting NETs in COVID-19 patients may help the clinical management of severe forms of COVID-19 by alleviating thrombotic events, excessive tissue-damaging inflammation, fibrosis, and airway obstruction. Online supplemental material Fig. S1 shows microscopy pictures of immunofluorescence lung sections from non-COVID-19 patients stained with DAPI, anti-MPO, and anti-Cit-H3 antibodies. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Contribute to Immunothrombosis in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome COVID-19: Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in acute lung injury (C) Representative confocal microscopy pictures of immunofluorescence staining of lung sections from non-COVID-19 patients (MPO [red] and Cit-H3 abstract: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is causing a deadly and pandemic disease called coronavirus disease–19 (COVID-19). While SARS-CoV-2–triggered hyperinflammatory tissue-damaging and immunothrombotic responses are thought to be major causes of respiratory failure and death, how they relate to lung immunopathological changes remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammation-associated lung damage, thrombosis, and fibrosis. However, whether NETs infiltrate particular compartments in severe COVID-19 lungs remains to be clarified. Here we analyzed postmortem lung specimens from four patients who succumbed to COVID-19 and four patients who died from a COVID-19–unrelated cause. We report the presence of NETs in the lungs of each COVID-19 patient. NETs were found in the airway compartment and neutrophil-rich inflammatory areas of the interstitium, while NET-prone primed neutrophils were present in arteriolar microthrombi. Our results support the hypothesis that NETs may represent drivers of severe pulmonary complications of COVID-19 and suggest that NET-targeting approaches could be considered for the treatment of uncontrolled tissue-damaging and thrombotic responses in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201012 doi: 10.1084/jem.20201012 id: cord-343553-07c9ec2b author: Radfar, S. R. title: Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-22 words: 6523.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343553-07c9ec2b.txt summary: Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health response is categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. 57% of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services also having been negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20199133 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20199133 id: cord-270509-roc93m4f author: Radhakrishnan, Suma title: Guidelines for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article date: 2020-06-22 words: 1523.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270509-roc93m4f.txt summary: We also did explore the current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and studied the previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. • The benefit of performing early tracheostomy in critically ill COVID-19 patients are unclear from available data [1] . • To reduce time in contact with aerosolized secretionscomplete paralysis of patient to prevent coughing; stopping mechanical ventilation just before entering trachea; reducing use of suction during the procedure [14] . 4. Tracheotomy is performed under direct vision without movement of patient; tracheostomy tube is inserted, followed by inflation of the balloon. Effect of early versus late or no tracheostomy on mortality and pneumonia of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and metaanalysis Surgical considerations for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak abstract: The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) has unfolded into a pandemic and is continuing to propagate at a frightening speed. The aim of this article is to share our protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheostomy in this COVID-19 era. Tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of aerosol generation. To standardize institutional safety measures with tracheostomy, we advocate using a dedicated tracheostomy protocol applicable to all patients including those suspected of having COVID-19. We also did explore the current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and studied the previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. We have prepared a protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in patients affected by COVID-19. Surgeons who might be involved in performing the tracheostomies should become familiar with these guidelines. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719738/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-01893-y id: cord-312094-czuw4t7i author: Radic, Aleksandar title: Fear and Trembling of Cruise Ship Employees: Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 8881.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312094-czuw4t7i.txt summary: The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. The CDC''s No Sail Order in combination with poor liquidity of cruise line companies due to the COVID-19 cruise tourism crisis has created an unprecedented event leaving 100,000 cruise ship employees stuck at sea for months without any certainty when they will be repatriated to their homes [45] . In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, cruise ship employees that are stuck at sea are experiencing particularly high levels of stress that may develop mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, cruise line companies do not have a strategy for managing various negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees who are stuck at sea. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has evolved to unprecedented proportions. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ship employees stuck at sea. Using an inductive qualitative approach, a synchronous online focus group was conducted with nine cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that COVID-19 pandemic has managed to erase the feeling of joy from cruise ship employees who were stuck at sea while exposing weakness of cruise line companies such as poor human resource management leadership. Moreover, COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that it is of paramount importance that cruise line companies create a comprehensive strategy in assisting their employees who are experiencing an anxiety disorder and depression. The managerial implications are outlined. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186741 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186741 id: cord-344270-874i31h8 author: Radke, Robert M title: Adult congenital heart disease and the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4677.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344270-874i31h8.txt summary: Based on anatomy and additional physiological factors including symptoms, exercise capacity, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis, we propose a pragmatic approach to categorising patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups. Patients with right heart dilatation or dysfunction are potentially at increased risk of right heart failure as mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures. While this may have ample indirect implications for the regular care of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) due to postponement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the focus of the current review is on the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on congenital patients. 31 Infection with SARS-CoV-2 should be suspected in ACHD patients presenting with fever, onset or worsening of dyspnoea, lower than usual peripheral oxygen saturation but also in case of unexplained worsening of ventricular function or new arrhythmia. Patients with Down syndrome (commonly associated with congenital heart disease and immune defects) are at higher risk for pulmonary infections and ARDS. abstract: Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) may be at high risk in the case of COVID-19. Due to the heterogeneity of ACHD and secondary complications, risk profiles are, however, not uniform. This document aims to give an overview of relevant data and outline our pragmatic approach to disease prevention and management. Based on anatomy and additional physiological factors including symptoms, exercise capacity, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis, we propose a pragmatic approach to categorising patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups. We regard especially patients with complex cyanotic conditions, those with palliated univentricular hearts, heart failure, severe valvular disease or pulmonary hypertension as high-risk patients. To avoid infection, we recommend self-isolation and exemption from work for these cohorts. Infected ACHD patients with low or moderate risk and without signs of deterioration may be remotely followed and cared for at home while in self isolation. High-risk patients or those with signs of respiratory or cardiovascular impairment require admission ideally at a tertiary ACHD centre. Especially patients with complex, cyanotic disease, heart failure and arrhythmias require particular attention. Treatment in patients with cyanotic heart disease should be guided by the relative degree of desaturation compared with baseline and lactate levels rather than absolute oxygen saturation levels. Patients with right heart dilatation or dysfunction are potentially at increased risk of right heart failure as mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome can lead to increase in pulmonary arterial pressures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522822/ doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317258 id: cord-319333-jwbgytwd author: Radmard, Sara title: Inpatient Neurology Consultations During the Onset of the SARS-CoV-2 New York City Pandemic: A Single Center Case Series date: 2020-07-10 words: 3401.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319333-jwbgytwd.txt summary: The encountered neurological problems associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were encephalopathy (12 patients, 36.4%), seizure (9 patients, 27.2%), stroke (5 patients, 15.2%), recrudescence of prior neurological disease symptoms (4 patients, 12.1%), and neuromuscular (3 patients, 9.1%). Adult inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and required neurological evaluation by consultation or admission for primary neurological care were included in this single-center retrospective case-series study at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-New York Presbyterian Hospital. Most of the patients in our case series developed neurological symptoms several days after COVID-19 symptom-onset and demonstrated elevated inflammatory markers. As in prior literature reviewing neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection, our case series included instances of both ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, although our patients also had other cardiovascular risk factors for stroke. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study abstract: Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily causes respiratory illness. However, neurological sequelae from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur. Patients with neurological conditions may be at higher risk of developing worsening of their underlying problem. Here we document our initial experiences as neurologic consultants at a single center quaternary hospital at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 who required neurological evaluation in the form of a consultation or primary neurological care from March 13, 2020 to April 1, 2020. Results: Thirty-three patients (ages 17–88 years) with COVID-19 infection who required neurological or admission to a primary neurology team were included in this study. The encountered neurological problems associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were encephalopathy (12 patients, 36.4%), seizure (9 patients, 27.2%), stroke (5 patients, 15.2%), recrudescence of prior neurological disease symptoms (4 patients, 12.1%), and neuromuscular (3 patients, 9.1%). The majority of patients who required evaluation by neurology had elevated inflammatory markers. Twenty-one (63.6%) patients were discharged from the hospital and 12 (36.4%) died from COVID-19 related complications. Conclusion: This small case series of our initial encounters with COVID-19 infection describes a range of neurological complications which are similar to presentations seen with other critical illnesses. COVID-19 infection did not change the overall management of neurological problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754113/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00805 id: cord-281945-jvnjzjds author: Radnis, Caitlin title: Radiographic and clinical neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 related hypoxemia date: 2020-09-06 words: 2808.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281945-jvnjzjds.txt summary: Survivors of critical illness and ARDS often experience neurocognitive impairment but, to date, there is scant literature correlating radiographic hypoxic brain injury to hypoxemia related to ARDS. In this case series, we describe three cases of hypoxic brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hypoxemia secondary to COVID-19-related ARDS. Of patients with severe disease, approximately 16% had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 14.5% required invasive mechanical ventilation, and 99% had pneumonia [4] . A recent autopsy case series found evidence of hypoxic changes in the brain tissue of patients who had succumbed to COVID-19, but there was no report of whether these patients developed ARDS, duration of mechanical ventilation if required, whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used, presence or absence of cardiac arrest, or cause of death [21] . In this case series, we describe three cases of hypoxic brain injury seen on MRI, along with clinical correlations, in patients with hypoxemia secondary to COVID-19 related ARDS. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause hypoxemia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a significant portion of those with severe disease. Survivors of critical illness and ARDS often experience neurocognitive impairment but, to date, there is scant literature correlating radiographic hypoxic brain injury to hypoxemia related to ARDS. In this case series, we describe three cases of hypoxic brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hypoxemia secondary to COVID-19-related ARDS. The lack of severe observed hypoxemia in two of the cases suggests that unrecognized or asymptomatic hypoxemia may play a role in hypoxic brain injury related to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957036/ doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117119 id: cord-259984-csdf1a69 author: Raffiq, Azman title: COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Neurosurgery Practice in Malaysia: Academic Insights, Clinical Experience and Protocols from March till August 2020 date: 2020-10-27 words: 16400.0 sentences: 871.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259984-csdf1a69.txt summary: For emergent/unavoidable case for a known or undetermined COVID-19 patient, the surgeon and all OT personnel in the surgical suite should use PAPR, which filter the air being breathed in addition to face shields and other standard PPE. In routine clinical care of COVID-19 suspected or confirmed infections, surgical masks are acceptable PPE, except in the case of aerosol generating procedures (intubation, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, administration of nebulised medications, etc). Hospitals, professional societies and ministries of health could also provide physician and nursing staff with basic ICU and ventilator management refresher education to improve their capacity to care for COVID-19 patients. Designated COVID-19 hospitals may not be able to support all elective cases, in particular those that require post-operative intensive care or significant use of blood and blood products Surgeons, in consultation with anaesthetist, nursing colleagues as well as patients (or legally accepted next of kin), should weigh the risks of proceeding (exposure, lack of resources) against those of deferment, (progression of disease, worse patients outcomes) including the expectation of delay of 2-3 months or more or until the COVID-19 is less prevalent Figure 6 . abstract: The newly discovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease introduced to humans for the first time. Following the pandemic of COVID-19, there is a major shift of practices among surgical departments in response to an unprecedented surge in reducing the transmission of disease. With pooling and outsourcing of more health care workers to emergency rooms, public health care services and medical services, further in-hospital resources are prioritised to those in need. It is imperative to balance the requirements of caring for COVID-19 patients with imminent risk of delay to others who need care. As Malaysia now approaches the recovery phase following the pandemic, the crisis impacted significantly on neurosurgical services throughout the country. Various emergency measures taken at the height of the crisis may remain as the new normal in the provision of neurosurgical services and practices in Malaysia. The crisis has certainly put a strain on the effective delivery of services and as we approach the recovery era, what may have been a strain may prove to be a silver lining in neurosurgical services in Malaysia. The following details are various measures put in place as the new operational protocols for neurosurgical services in Malaysia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154710/ doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.14 id: cord-257556-lmws8eed author: Rafiq, Danish title: Three months of COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-18 words: 3195.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257556-lmws8eed.txt summary: 2 While several other human coronaviruses such as HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 cause mild respiratory disease, others like the zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV tend to have a higher fatality rate 6 (summarized in Table 1 ). Typical of respiratory viruses like influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2019 can spread through large droplets (with a transmission risk restricted tõ 6 ft from the patient). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Estimating the Unreported Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases in China in the First Half of January 2020: a data-driven Modelling analysis of the early outbreak Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak abstract: The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2019), reminiscent of the 2002‐SARS‐CoV outbreak, has completely isolated countries, disrupted health systems and partially paralyzed international trade and travel. In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. This review analyses information on progression of the pandemic in the past 3 months and systematically discusses the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2019 virus including its epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the review also encompasses some recently proposed conceptual models that estimate the spread of this disease based on the basic reproductive number for better prevention and control procedures. Finally, we shed light on how the virus has endangered the global economy, impacting it both from the supply and demand side. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420674/ doi: 10.1002/rmv.2113 id: cord-311054-dwns5l64 author: Rafiq, Danish title: Evaluation and prediction of COVID-19 in India: a case study of worst hit states date: 2020-06-19 words: 2165.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311054-dwns5l64.txt summary: For example, in [12] , a data-driven estimation method like long short-term memory (LSTM) is used for the prediction of total number of COVID-19 cases in India for a 30-days ahead prediction window. The model is then used for the prediction of the total number of cases and deaths in most affected states of India for the next 30 days. To estimate the spread of COVID-19 in India, we used a Predictive Error Minimization (PEM) based system identification technique to identify a discrete-time, single-input, single-output (SISO) model [19] [20] [21] . The models were then verified on the testing data and upon validation, the models were used to predict the total number of cases and deaths for the next 30-days in the 10 worst hit states in India. As per our prediction based on data up to 17 th May 2020, Delhi along with other states would continue to see marginal surge in the number of COVID-19 cases owing to the relaxations in lock-down measures. abstract: In this manuscript, system modeling and identification techniques are applied in developing a prognostic yet deterministic model to forecast the spread of COVID-19 in India. The model is verified with the historical data and a forecast of 30-days ahead is presented for the 10 most affected states of India. The major results suggest that our model can very well capture the disease variations with high accuracy. Results also show a steep rise in the total cumulative cases and deaths in the coming weeks. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920304124?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110014 id: cord-285467-uxfk6k3c author: Ragni, Enrico title: Management of osteoarthritis during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: 7077.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285467-uxfk6k3c.txt summary: Since an effective immune response against viral infections depends on cytotoxic T cells activation (25) , experimental evidence supports the observation that overexpression of inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 during the viral immune response might be associated with a decreased viral clearance by impairing the polarization and functionality of Th1 and CD8 cells (26), contributing to the worsening of the COVID-19 symptoms, and their management may appear an intriguing therapeutical approach. Overall, the administration of drugs for the control of inflammation, inhibiting the response of the immune system, may be detrimental in the initial phases of the viral infection, reducing the ability of the body to react to the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as observed in patients chronically treated for rheumatoid arthritis (27) . All rights reserved This shall prompt orthopaedics and clinicians in general to evaluate with extreme care the clinical conditions of OA patients not only under the perspective of OA symptoms management but also for undercurrent comorbidities, naturally occurring or OA-treatment-related, that, in the era of COVID-19 pandemic, may strongly affect patients outcomes more than the net combination of SARS-CoV-2 infection and OA. abstract: The pandemic spread of the new COVID‐19 coronavirus infection in China first, and all over the world at present, has become a global health emergency due to the rapidly increasing number of affected patients. Currently, a clear relationship between COVID‐19 infection incidence and/or complications due to chronic or occasional treatments for other pathologies is still not clear, albeit COVID‐19 pandemic may condition the treatment strategy of complex disorders, as osteoarthritis (OA). Importantly, OA is the most common age‐related joint disease affecting more than 80% of people older than the age of 55, an age burden also shared with the highest severity in COVID‐19 patients. OA patients often show a large array of concomitant pathologies such as diabetes, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases that are again shared with COVID‐19 patients and may therefore increase complications. Moreover, different OA treatments such as NSAIDs, paracetamol, corticosteroids, opioids or other molecules have a wide array of iatrogenic effects, potentially increasing COVID‐19 secondary infection incidence or complications. In this review we critically analyse the evidences on either negative or positive effect of drugs commonly used to manage OA in this particular scenario. This would provide orthopaedic surgeons at first, and physicians, pharmacologists and clinicians at general, a comprehensive description about the safety of the current pharmacological approaches and a decision making tool to treat their OA patients as the coronavirus pandemic continues. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438454/ doi: 10.1002/cpt.1910 id: cord-298867-hzshnq7b author: Raham, T. F. title: Impact of Duration of Cessation of Mass BCG Vaccination Programs on Covid -19 Mortality date: 2020-08-23 words: 1971.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298867-hzshnq7b.txt summary: At early times during COVID-19 pandemic heterogeneous immunity towards (SARS-CoV-2), was hypothesized and statistical correlation between of BCG vaccination practices and COVID-19 mortality variances among countries was statistically proved . Through applying stem-leaf plot for exploring data screening behavior concerning Covid-19 Mortality for obsolescence duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs, as well as (nonlinear regression of compound model) for predicted shape behavior for that group. Results: Slope value shows highly significant effectiveness of obsolescence of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs on Covid -19 mortality at P-value<0.000. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.20.20178889 doi: medRxiv preprint CoV-2) by different way that is the cessation duration of BCG programs in countries which stopped BCG vaccinations programs. abstract: Back ground: BCG have heterogeneous immunity to certain pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect. At early times during COVID-19 pandemic heterogeneous immunity towards (SARS-CoV-2), was hypothesized and statistical correlation between of BCG vaccination practices and COVID-19 mortality variances among countries was statistically proved . These studies was criticized because of low evidence of such studies and possible confounding factors. For that reason this study was designed to look for impact of duration of cessation of BCG programs on Covid-19 mortality looking for the hypotheses by different design and looking forward to support previous studies. Methods: Total number of studied group is 14 countries which has stopped BCG vaccination programs. Through applying stem-leaf plot for exploring data screening behavior concerning Covid-19 Mortality for obsolescence duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs, as well as (nonlinear regression of compound model) for predicted shape behavior for that group. Results: Slope value shows highly significant effectiveness of obsolescence of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs on Covid -19 mortality at P-value<0.000. Obsolescence of duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs has strongly negatively associated with Covid-19 mortality in countries which stopped BCG vaccination programs. Conclusion: The longer the cessation duration of BCG programs, the higher the Covid-19 mortality is, and vice versa. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.20.20178889v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178889 id: cord-286419-jyvj3mo2 author: Rahaman Khan, Hasinur title: Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-04-29 words: 2934.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286419-jyvj3mo2.txt summary: title: Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach COVID-19 disease is a global pandemic and it appears as pandemic for each and every nation and territory in the earth.This paper focusses on analysing the global COVID-19 data by popular machine learning techniques to know which covariates are importantly associated with the cumulative number of confirmed cases, whether the countries are clustered with respect to the covariates considered, whether the variation in the covariates are explained by any latent factor. Regression tree, cluster analysis and principal component analysis are implemented to global COVID-19 data of 133 countries obtained from the Worldometer website as reported as on April 17, 2020. In this paper, we demonstrated how to implement the basic machine learning techniquesprincipal component, cluster analysis and regression tree to analyse global COVID-19 data that was extracted from the Worldometer website (Max Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2020) and reported as of April 17, 2020. abstract: COVID-19 disease is a global pandemic and it appears as pandemic for each and every nation and territory in the earth.This paper focusses on analysing the global COVID-19 data by popular machine learning techniques to know which covariates are importantly associated with the cumulative number of confirmed cases, whether the countries are clustered with respect to the covariates considered, whether the variation in the covariates are explained by any latent factor. Regression tree, cluster analysis and principal component analysis are implemented to global COVID-19 data of 133 countries obtained from the Worldometer website as reported as on April 17, 2020. Our results suggest that there are four major clusters among the countries. First cluster consists of 8 countries where cumulative infected cases and deaths are highest. It is also revealed that there are two principal components. The countries which play vital role to explain the 60% variation of the total variations by the first component characterized by all variables except the rate variables include USA, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, UK, and Iran. Remaining countries contribute to explaining 20% variation of the total variations by the second component characterized by only three rate variables. We also found that the number of tests by the country variable among other variables country, number of active cases, number of deaths, number of recovered patients, number of serious cases, and number of new cases is an unimportant variable to predict cumulative number of confirmed cases. Hence, the number of tests might play vital role to individual country level who are in the primary level of virus spread but not to the global level. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078238 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20078238 id: cord-305682-b232ra0j author: Rahaman Khan, Md Hasinur title: COVID-19 Outbreak Situations in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis date: 2020-04-22 words: 3780.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305682-b232ra0j.txt summary: This paper aims at analysing primarily the current situations of Bangladesh and predicting infections and deaths for moderated term intervals by a proposed projection technique called Infection Trajectory-Pathway Strategy (ITPS) and for short term intervals prediction for total infections, deaths along with total number of severe patients and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients by polynomial regression modeling approach. . https://doi.org/10.1101 measure the risk of infectious disease and predict the risk of COVID-19 transmission using Bangladesh data along with other four countries-United States, Australia, Canada and China. Neither of the three research works dealt with the analysis of current COVID-19 situations in Bangladesh and to make direct projections for incidence, deaths, hospital ICU beds, number of severe patients etc that are the main goals of this paper. Our projection believes that total infected people and deaths in the Bangladesh will be more than 5700 and almost 350 respectively by the end of April, while the number of severe and ICU patients will be 775 and 695 respectively. abstract: COVID-19 disease, as popularly known as Coronavirus 2019 disease, has been emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019 and now is a pandemic for almost every nation in the earth. It affects every country without considering country's race, nationality and economic status. This paper aims at analysing primarily the current situations of Bangladesh and predicting infections and deaths for moderated term intervals by a proposed projection technique called Infection Trajectory-Pathway Strategy (ITPS) and for short term intervals prediction for total infections, deaths along with total number of severe patients and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients by polynomial regression modeling approach. Since April 7, Bangladesh has started to face critical situations as the number of infections has accelerated very fast in the following days. However, the fatality rate decreases considerably from 15.7 on April 1 to 4.9 on April 14, which is still high among the south asian countries. Of the 1012 cases reported on April 14, almost 70% are the male, 42% are from the capital Dhaka. We have found that the potential pathway of infections for Bangldesh would be the similar pathways that are experienced by Austria, Netherlands, Israel, France and United Kingdom. These countries are ahead a number of weeks and days in terms of infection cases since their 100-th confirmed cases. Our proposed projection method ITPS suggests that by May 10, Bangladesh will cross 12000 incidences and 720 deaths which, by May 16 will be 27000 and 1644 respectively. On the other hand, the regression model suggests that by the end of April, total number of infections, deaths, severe patients and ICU patients will be 5780, 347, 775, and 694 respectively. This study will be favorable for the administrative units of Bangladesh to plan for the next few weeks and to consider various aspects related to the control of COVID-19 outspread in Bangladesh url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.16.20068312v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.16.20068312 id: cord-322776-jg8hqlu7 author: Raharja, Antony title: Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-11-12 words: 4447.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322776-jg8hqlu7.txt summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between ethnicity and poor outcomes (mortality, hospitalisation, ICU admission, advanced respiratory support and kidney failure) in patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. A custom spreadsheet was developed and piloted by AR and AT prior to use for data extraction; this recorded study characteristics (name, date, publication status), aim, location, setting, participant characteristics including age, sex, ethnicity (White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, mixed or missing data), body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, asthma, COPD, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cancer) and whether the study collected any data on socioeconomic factors. Ten cohort studies, not included in meta-analysis, echoed similar findings, and did not support ethnicity as an independent risk factor for poor COVID-19 outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis could not confirm ethnicity as an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article evaluates if ethnicity is an independent poor prognostic factor in COVID-19 disease. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, WHO COVID-19 databases from inception to 15/06/2020 and medRxiv. No language restriction. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE framework were utilised to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence. PROSPERO CRD42020188421. RESULTS: Seventy-two articles (59 cohort studies with 17,950,989 participants, 13 ecological studies; 54 US-based, 15 UK-based; 41 peer-reviewed) were included for systematic review and 45 for meta-analyses. Risk of bias was low: median NOS 7 of 9 (interquartile range 6–8). Compared to White ethnicity, unadjusted all-cause mortality was similar in Black (RR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.83–1.08]) and Asian (RR: 0.99 [0.85–1.16]) but reduced in Hispanic ethnicity (RR: 0.69 [0.57–0.84]). Age- and sex-adjusted risks were significantly elevated for Black (HR: 1.38 [1.09–1.75]) and Asian (HR: 1.42 [1.15–1.75]), but not for Hispanic (RR: 1.14 [0.93–1.40]). Further adjusting for comorbidities attenuated these associations to non-significance: Black (HR: 0.95 [0.72–1.25]); Asian (HR: 1.17 [0.84–1.63]); Hispanic (HR: 0.94 [0.63–1.44]). Subgroup analyses showed a trend towards greater disparity in outcomes for UK ethnic minorities, especially hospitalisation risk. CONCLUSIONS: This review could not confirm a certain ethnicity as an independent poor prognostic factor for COVID-19. Racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes may be partially attributed to higher comorbidity rates in certain ethnicity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-020-00921-5. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00921-5 doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00921-5 id: cord-291862-8c48m5hf author: Rahi, Manju title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mitigation Steps Provide a Blueprint for Malaria Control and Elimination date: 2020-05-07 words: 2066.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291862-8c48m5hf.txt summary: Nonetheless, we feel that the best facets of COVID-19 public health management can become new guiding principles in malaria-endemic countries to improve malaria control and hasten malaria elimination. 4 The lockdown tactic adopted by many countries to contain COVID-19 is also impacting global health product manufacturing and supply chains, potentially derailing distribution of antimalarial drugs, diagnostic kits, insecticides, and ITNs. 5 A recent modeling analysis by the WHO on the impact of COVID-19 on malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa predicts a > 20% rise in malaria cases and a doubling of malaria deaths, driven by 75% reduction in both routine ITN distribution and access to antimalarials. Although malaria (an old scourge) and COVID-19 (a newly emergent disease) may compete for public health attention, we feel that the best facets of current COVID-19 management provide lessons that may enable faster control and elimination of malaria. abstract: Most countries around the world have responded promptly to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) challenge by adopting considered and scientifically guided strategies for its containment. However, the situation is more complex for nations where malaria is endemic, as they now have the additional burden of COVID-19. In such nations, the healthcare systems are either in the preparatory or containment phase of the current pandemic. This enforced, sudden, and sharp public health refocus is likely to result in the disruption of annual malaria control activities such as distribution of insecticide-impregnated bed nets, indoor residual spraying of insecticide, maintenance of malaria surveillance, and mass provision of antimalarial drugs. Nonetheless, we feel that the best facets of COVID-19 public health management can become new guiding principles in malaria-endemic countries to improve malaria control and hasten malaria elimination. Redirection against malaria of the best public health initiatives used in COVID-19 containment could fast-track the global goal of a malaria-free world. Such public health advancement could be one positive outcome from the scourge of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0394 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0394 id: cord-035315-j5mknuv5 author: Rahim, Fawad title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital date: 2020-10-12 words: 2710.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035315-j5mknuv5.txt summary: title: Mortality of Patients With Severe COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study From a Major COVID-19 Receiving Hospital Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. The data in terms of mortality, ventilatory support, comorbid conditions, and length of hospital stay is conflicting because different authors have reported the outcomes of a fraction of admitted patients and at variable durations since admission [7] [8] . Study variables were age, gender, comorbidities, ventilatory status, length of stay (LOS), and outcomes in terms of survival and death. abstract: Objective To determine the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on data retrieved for 204 patients admitted to the ICU of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to August 2020. Study variables were age, gender, co-morbid conditions, ventilatory status, and length of stay (LOS). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The independent t-test and the chi-square test were used to compare the means and frequencies of variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict the likelihood of mortality. Results The overall mortality was 77%. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was administered to 61.8% of patients. Mortality was higher for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (93.6% vs 66.7%, p<0.001) and for over 60 years (87.3% vs 72.3%, p=0.019). Mortality without co-morbidities was 75.2%. Comparative mortality rates for at least one co-morbidity (79.7%), diabetes mellitus (80.0%), hypertension (100%), diabetes mellitus and hypertension both (87.1%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (75%) were insignificant. The LOS for survivors was longer (8.9±8.9 versus 5.4±5.2 days, p=0.017). The LOS < 24h was associated with higher mortality (85.9% vs 72.9%, p=0.040). On multivariable regression, the likelihood of mortality was high for IMV (7.330, 95% CI 2.667 - 20.143, p<0.001) and elderly (>60 years) patients (2.607, 95%CI 1.063 - 6.394, p=0.036). Mortality decreased with LOS longer than 24h (0.412, 95%CI 0.173 - 0.982, p=0.045). Co-morbidities did not have any effect on mortality. Conclusions Age more than 60 years and IMV were independent risk factors for higher mortality. Longer ICU stay, specifically more than 24 hours, was associated with lower mortality but LOS less than 24 hours might not have a causal relationship with mortality. The odds of survival were not affected by co-morbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657313/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10906 id: cord-303960-86mukxg1 author: Rahimi, Farid title: Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-24 words: 1754.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303960-86mukxg1.txt summary: Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreak. Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: Abstract After the initial breakout of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (now called COVID-19)—in Wuhan, China—and its subsequent fast dispersion throughout the world, many questions regarding its pathogenesis, genetic evolution, prevention, and transmission routes remain unanswered but fast explored. More than 100,000 confirmed, infected cases within a relatively short period of time globally corroborated the presumption that a pandemic will develop; such a pandemic will require a suite of global intervention measures. Consequently, different countries have reacted differently to the COVID-19 outbreak, but a uniform global response is necessary for tackling the pandemic. Managing the present or future COVID-19 outbreaks is not impossible but surely difficult. Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreak. Increasing numbers of infected cases had heightened concerns about the public health and welfare. Thus, preparing for the next probable pandemic of COVID-19 demands scrutinization of the lessons we have learnt so far. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0188440920305257 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.012 id: cord-341475-v6ue6hhf author: Rahimi, Farid title: Criticality of physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-08-09 words: 1048.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341475-v6ue6hhf.txt summary: Physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking have been recommended as realistic counterstrategies to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] Outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic inevitably led to realistic, mandatory restrictive countermeasures in many countries, causing uncertainty for millions of people with resultant unprecedented effects on economy and morale-importantly livelihood and job losses-which will require many years to recuperate. Presuming that an effective drug or a preventive vaccine for COVID-19 is distant, one may ask, "how long must the counterstrategies continue globally?" We do not intend here to undermine the importance of developing antiviral drugs or vaccine projects, but to highlight the importance of public''s behavioral, cultural, and habitual changes for the pandemic''s duration and in the immediate future when some restrictions potentially gradually ease in some countries, e.g., Australia 17, 18 and New Zealand. abstract: Physical/social distancing, handwashing, respiratory hygiene, and face‐masking have been recommended as realistic counterstrategies to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. These strategies have been critical in the fight against the present pandemic in many countries. Here, we detail the background to such countermeasures, present some examples in different settings, and finally emphasize that they should remain in place worldwide as a cultural and behavioral “new normal” until a vaccine or a decisive treatment for COVID‐19 is developed and made available globally. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13656 doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13656 id: cord-296682-ugffeegr author: Rahimi, Hoda title: A Comprehensive Review of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-05 words: 1773.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296682-ugffeegr.txt summary: In this article, all reported cases to date were collected and classified under 6 major groups: maculopapular rash, urticaria, chilblain, vesicular lesions, livedo reticularis, and petechiae. All articles including case reports and original articles from the emergence of the disease (31 December 2019) to the submission of the article (9 May 2020) were included except for one article in which all 6 cases had neither positive PCR test nor common symptoms of COVID-19, and the authors presumed that their cutaneous manifestations may be related to SARS-CoV-2 without any documented evidence [6] . Although the appearance of skin rash in the prodromal phase or asymptomatic carriers was scarce, it is of great importance for all clinicians to keep in mind that cutaneous lesions might be the only symptom of COVID-19, as it would contribute to sooner diagnosis and management of the patients/carriers and better control of the disease spreading. abstract: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is associated with some cutaneous manifestations. Although the cutaneous presentations of COVID-19 are infrequent, it is of great importance for all clinicians to be aware of these manifestations, as it may contribute to sooner and better diagnosis and management of the disease, even in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic patients. The reported cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are various, dispersed, and sometimes confusing. In this article, all reported cases to date were collected and classified under 6 major groups: maculopapular rash, urticaria, chilblain, vesicular lesions, livedo reticularis, and petechiae. Different characteristics of each group were discussed in detail as well. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32724793/ doi: 10.1155/2020/1236520 id: cord-213187-f1ic63o5 author: Rahman, Akond title: An Exploratory Characterization of Bugs in COVID-19 Software Projects date: 2020-05-31 words: 10561.0 sentences: 682.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-213187-f1ic63o5.txt summary: The identified bug categories appear for 7 categories of software projects including (i) projects that use statistical modeling to perform predictions related to COVID-19, and (ii) medical equipment software that are used to design and implement medical equipment, such as ventilators. According to Catolino et Fig. 1 : An example of a bug report related to statistical modeling in a software project called ''neherlab/covid19 scenarios''. We answer the following research questions: We conduct an empirical study with 129 open source COVID-19 software projects hosted on GitHub. First, we apply qualitative analysis (Saldana, 2015) on the README files of the collected open source software (OSS) projects to identify what categories of OSS projects exist related to COVID-19. We hypothesize that by systematically analyzing the content of the README files we can derive what types of software projects are developed that are related to In open coding a rater identified and synthesizes patterns within unstructured text (Saldana, 2015) . abstract: Context: The dire consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced development of COVID-19 software i.e., software used for analysis and mitigation of COVID-19. Bugs in COVID-19 software can be consequential, as COVID-19 software projects can impact public health policy and user data privacy. Objective: The goal of this paper is to help practitioners and researchers improve the quality of COVID-19 software through an empirical study of open source software projects related to COVID-19. Methodology: We use 129 open source COVID-19 software projects hosted on GitHub to conduct our empirical study. Next, we apply qualitative analysis on 550 bug reports from the collected projects to identify bug categories. Findings: We identify 8 bug categories, which include data bugs i.e., bugs that occur during mining and storage of COVID-19 data. The identified bug categories appear for 7 categories of software projects including (i) projects that use statistical modeling to perform predictions related to COVID-19, and (ii) medical equipment software that are used to design and implement medical equipment, such as ventilators. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we advocate for robust statistical model construction through better synergies between data science practitioners and public health experts. Existence of security bugs in user tracking software necessitates development of tools that will detect data privacy violations and security weaknesses. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00586v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-283367-azzy2t1a author: Rahman, Asma title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19: A narrative review date: 2020-09-10 words: 4426.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283367-azzy2t1a.txt summary: Some patients show neurological manifestations such as headache, dizziness, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral nerve and muscle symptoms and smell and taste impairment. Sarma and Bilello 41 1 Acute transverse myelitis A 28-year-old female patient with SARS-CoV-2 presenting lower back pain, bilateral symmetric upper, and lower extremity numbness. 50 None of the patients with post-COVID-19 GBS tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the CSF, 51 points to an immune mechanism such as inflammation secondary to a cytokine storm as a possible cause. During the COVID-19 pandemic, if a patient has neurological symptoms such as loss of the sense of smell and taste or delirium, testing for SARS-CoV-2 should be considered irrespective of them not having the other typical symptoms. Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study abstract: COVID-19, a respiratory viral infection, has affected more than 10 million individuals worldwide. Common symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Some patients show neurological manifestations such as headache, dizziness, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral nerve and muscle symptoms and smell and taste impairment. In previous studies, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV were found to affect the nervous system. Given the high similarity between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, effects on the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 are a possibility. We have outlined the common neurological manifestations in COVID-19 (information are up-to-date as of June 2020) and discussed the possible pathogenetic mechanisms and management options. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312120957925 doi: 10.1177/2050312120957925 id: cord-300490-aslvqymx author: Rahman, Md. Estiar title: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey date: 2020-10-30 words: 4105.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300490-aslvqymx.txt summary: title: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in the Bangladeshi population during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional survey This study aimed to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi people. Regression analyses revealed that young age, being a student, from a middle-class family, or upper-class family, living with nuclear family, urban living, and suffering from no chronic diseases were all associated with physical inactivity and high sedentary behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic coinciding with lockdown measures a sizeable proportion of Bangladeshi people were physically inactive and reported sedentary behaviors ≥8 h/day. We adopted an online cross-sectional survey approach to assess the levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Bangladeshi citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. For sedentary behaviors, the only significant associations retained in the model included gender, education level, self-reported physical health, and physical inactivity (Table 3) . abstract: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi people. An online survey was conducted among 2,028 people over a period of 10 days on June, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic at a time that the number of newly diagnosed cases was increasing, lockdown was still in place. Survey questions included socio-demographics and an adapted version of the IPAQ-SF to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviors. The prevalence rates of physical inactivity (<600 MET–minutes/week) and high sedentary behaviors (≥8 h/day) among Bangladeshi people were 37.9% and 20.9%, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that young age, being a student, from a middle-class family, or upper-class family, living with nuclear family, urban living, and suffering from no chronic diseases were all associated with physical inactivity and high sedentary behaviors. Moreover, physical inactivity and high sedentary behavior were strongly interrelated. However, many of the univariate risk factors exhibited interdependency. During the COVID-19 pandemic coinciding with lockdown measures a sizeable proportion of Bangladeshi people were physically inactive and reported sedentary behaviors ≥8 h/day. Public campaigns and media-based interventions encouraging home-based physical activities should be promoted to attenuate the impact of lockdown measures during a pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020322350 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05392 id: cord-315411-11mq8wll author: Rahman, Mohammad Azizur title: Neurobiochemical Cross-talk Between COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease date: 2020-10-19 words: 4116.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315411-11mq8wll.txt summary: COVID-19 and AD share common links with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9), and APOE4 allele. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that attacks predominantly the human respiratory system and has also central nervous system (CNS) targeting and neuroinvasive capabilities [1, 2] . Among inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 (IL-1), cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), and galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9) had received most attention as the common links between COVID-19 and AD manifestations [18] (Fig. 1 ). Among its three alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4), individuals carrying the ε4 allele are at a heightened risk of developing AD as the ApoE ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype increases fibrinogenesis in the brains of Alzheimer''s disease patients [41] . abstract: COVID-19, the global threat to humanity, shares etiological cofactors with multiple diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Understanding the common links between COVID-19 and AD would harness strategizing therapeutic approaches against both. Considering the urgency of formulating COVID-19 medication, its AD association and manifestations have been reviewed here, putting emphasis on memory and learning disruption. COVID-19 and AD share common links with respect to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), galectin-9 (GAL-9 or Gal-9), and APOE4 allele. Common etiological factors and common manifestations described in this review would aid in developing therapeutic strategies for both COVID-19 and AD and thus impact on eradicating the ongoing global threat. Thus, people suffering from COVID-19 or who have come round of it as well as people at risk of developing AD or already suffering from AD, would be benefitted. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02177-w doi: 10.1007/s12035-020-02177-w id: cord-283439-hqdq2qrh author: Rahman, Mohammad Tariqur title: Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment? date: 2020-05-26 words: 5248.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283439-hqdq2qrh.txt summary: The suggested treatments for COVID-19 are, but not limited to, the use of (i) convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment [63] [64] [65] ; (ii) ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue in combination with recombinant interferon showed inhibition of MERS-CoV replication [66] ; (iii) lopinavir/ritonavir-a combination of a protease inhibitor and a booster used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection [67] ; (iv) remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue that inhibit RNA polymerase with a broad spectrum of anti-viral activities; in inhibition of human and zoonotic coronavirus [15, 68, 69] ; (v) favipiravir (also known as T-705, Avigan or favilavir) is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative known to inhibit RNA polymerase [70] . In the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, Zn supplement could play an important role to treat COVID-19 patients such as (i) added immune boosting effects with anti-viral drugs and (ii) stopping SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells, if combined with chloroquine. abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has prompted investigators worldwide to search for an effective anti-viral treatment. A number of anti-viral drugs such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics such as azithromycin and doxycycline, and anti-parasite such as ivermectin have been recommended for COVID-19 treatment. In addition, sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence have been presented to use chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, Zn has the ability to enhance innate and adaptive immunity in the course of a viral infection. Besides, Zn supplement can favour COVID-19 treatment using those suggested and/or recommended drugs. Again, the effectiveness of Zn can be enhanced by using chloroquine as an ionophore while Zn inside the infected cell can stop SARS-CoV-2 replication. Given those benefits, this perspective paper describes how and why Zn could be given due consideration as a complement to the prescribed treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32458149/ doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9 id: cord-258399-difauneh author: Rahmani, Amir Masoud title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and treatment methods and effective parameters: A systematic literature review date: 2020-10-22 words: 10486.0 sentences: 586.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258399-difauneh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258399-difauneh.txt summary:  Providing a new-of-the-art taxonomy tree for evaluating the issue based on three baseline fields of treatment, and prevention facing methods, and the effective parameters in the COVID-19 outbreak  Providing a systematic literature review based on the proposed taxonomy tree  Covering detection, prediction, and management approaches against the disease according to three heads of treatment, prevention, and effective parameters  Supporting future scopes according to economic damages, treatment''s injuries, and people''s physical and mental damages after recovery and regarding social distancing''s rules in post-pandemic This tree covers the heads of all studies in the domain of the issue to investigate the effective parameters in the virus outbreak (Individual, ethnic, cultural, and social habits and environmental factors), prevention and detection''s role in facing the disease, and various therapies'' impact on improving patients'' with COVID-19 considering the treatment''s injuries. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first identified in Wuhan in December 2019, which was declared a pandemic virus by the world health organization on March 11 in 2020. COVID-19 is an infectious disease and almost leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, the virus epidemic is a big problem for humanity healthy and can lead die in special people with background diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and kidney failure. Different medical, social, and engineering methods have been proposed to face the disease include treatment, detection, prevention, and prediction approaches. METHODS: We propose a taxonomy tree to investigate the disease confronting methods and their negative and positive effects. Our work consists of a case study and systematic literature review (SLR) to evaluate the proposed methods against the virus outbreak and disease epidemic. RESULTS: Our experimental results and observations demonstrate the impact of the proposed medical, prevention, detection, prediction, and social methods for facing the spread of COVID-19 from December 2019 to July 2020. CONCLUSION: Our case study can help people have more information about the disease and its impact on humanity healthy and illustrate effective self-caring methods and therapies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210670720307861 doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102568 id: cord-326331-g4o3forj author: Rai, Ansaar T title: Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date: 2020-06-30 words: 3459.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt summary: METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published its guidance on the ''Conduct Of Clinical Trials Of Medical Products During COVID19 Pandemic'' for the industry, investigators, and institutional review boards in March 2020 and updated these on April 2, 2020 (https://www. These were identified by the writing group and fell into four categories: general disruption caused by trial suspensions and missed opportunities of enrollment, compromised trial quality due to inability of timely clinical and imaging follow-up, inability to enroll neurologically debilitated patients because legally authorized representatives were not at hand for face to face consent and dated remote consent procedures did not apply and, finally, personal effect of compensation or working conditions on study staff. abstract: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurovascular research and deal with the challenges imposed by the pandemic. METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 101 institutions, with 65 responding (64%). Stroke RCTs were being conducted at 40 (62%) sites, aneurysm RCTs at 22 (34%) sites, stroke single-arm studies at 37 (57%) sites, and aneurysm single-arm studies at 43 (66%) sites. Following COVID-19, enrollment was suspended at 51 (78%) sites—completely at 21 (32%) and partially at 30 (46%) sites. Missed trial-related clinics and imaging follow-ups and protocol deviations were reported by 27 (42%), 24 (37%), and 27 (42%) sites, respectively. Negative reimbursements were reported at 17 (26%) sites. The majority of sites, 49 (75%), had put new trials on hold. Of the coordinators, 41 (63%) worked from home and 20 (31%) reported a personal financial impact. Remote consent was possible for some studies at 34 (52%) sites and for all studies at 5 (8%) sites. At sites with suspended trials (n=51), endovascular treatment without enrollment occurred at 31 (61%) sites for stroke and 23 (45%) sites for aneurysms. A total of 277 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 184 with cerebral aneurysms were treated without consideration for trial enrollment. CONCLUSION: Widespread disruption of neuroendovascular trials occurred because of COVID-19. As sites resume clinical research, steps to mitigate similar challenges in the future should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016502 doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016502 id: cord-325755-n7vjjw9r author: Rai, Deependra Kumar title: Post covid 19 pulmonary fibrosis- Is it real threat? date: 2020-11-10 words: 2520.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325755-n7vjjw9r.txt summary: This review addressed underlying mechanism, Risk factors, course of disease and treatment option for post covid pulmonary fibrosis. One of the risk factors for the development of lung fibrosis in COVID-19 is advanced age and this finding is same as in MERS and SARS-CoV. The follow-up of 36 MERS patients for average 43 days showed that lung fibrosis developed in a significant number of convalescents, and risk was found highest with patient who were elderly, hospitalised with severe disease in ICU 19 . Nintedanib use associated with increase the risk of bleeding as most of the covid 19 patient are on anticoagulant Evidence is also coming for use of pirfenidone, azithromycin and prednisolone in the management of pulmonary fibrosis post-H1N1 ARDS, based on data from a case report of three patients 25 . Elderly patient, severe disease who require ICU care and mechanical ventilation are highest risk to develop lung fibrosis abstract: After the COVID outbreak, there are a growing number of patients worldwide who have survived COVID-19 but continue to battle the symptoms of the illness, long after they have clinically tested negative for the disease. As we move forward through this pandemic, the challenging part is how to manage this COVID-19 Sequelae which may vary from mild in terms of fatigue and body aches to lung fibrosis. This review addressed underlying mechanism, Risk factors, course of disease and treatment option for post covid pulmonary fibrosis. Elderly patient who require ICU care and mechanical ventilation are highest risk to develop lung fibrosis. Currently, no fully proven options are available for the treatment of post inflammatory COVID 19 pulmonary fibrosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019570720302134?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.11.003 id: cord-279648-ft62m7zz author: Raisi-Estabragh, Z. title: NON-WHITE ETHNICITY, MALE SEX, AND HIGHER BODY MASS INDEX, BUT NOT MEDICATIONS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) HOSPITALISATION: REVIEW OF THE FIRST 669 CASES FROM THE UK BIOBANK date: 2020-05-15 words: 3577.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279648-ft62m7zz.txt summary: Non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remining cohort (test negatives plus untested). Conclusions: Among participants tested for COVID-19 with presumed moderate to severe symptoms in a hospital setting, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI are associated with a positive result. The aim of this study is to examine the first-released data from the UKB to establish the association between COVID-19 positivity and demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity), cardiometabolic factors [body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, prior myocardial infarction (MI), smoking], and ACEi/ARB use. In this analysis of the first release of 1,474 COVID-19 test results from the UKB, non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positive test in comparison to rest of the cohort (tested negatives plus untested). abstract: Background: Cardiometabolic morbidity and medications, specifically Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), have been linked with adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate factors associated with COVID-19 positivity for the first 669 UK Biobank participants; compared with individuals who tested negative, and with the untested, presumed negative, rest of the population. Methods: We studied 1,474 participants from the UK Biobank who had been tested for COVID-19. Given UK testing policy, this implies a hospital setting, suggesting at least moderate to severe symptoms. We considered the following exposures: age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, ACEi/ARB use, prior myocardial infarction (MI), and smoking. We undertook comparisons between: 1) COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 tested negative participants; and 2) COVID-19 tested positive and the remaining participants (tested negative plus untested, n=501,837). Logistic regression models were used to investigate univariate and mutually adjusted associations. Results: Among participants tested for COVID-19, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and greater BMI were independently associated with COVID-19 positive result. Non-white ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, prior MI, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remining cohort (test negatives plus untested). However, similar associations were observed when comparing those who tested negative for COVID-19 with the untested cohort; suggesting that these factors associate with general hospitalisation rather than specifically with COVID-19. Conclusions: Among participants tested for COVID-19 with presumed moderate to severe symptoms in a hospital setting, non-white ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI are associated with a positive result. Other cardiometabolic morbidities confer increased risk of hospitalisation, without specificity for COVID-19. Notably, ACE/ARB use did not associate with COVID-19 status. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20096925 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20096925 id: cord-251934-qi2c704c author: Raisi-Estabragh, Zahra title: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers Are Not Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization: Study of 1,439 UK Biobank Cases date: 2020-07-14 words: 3651.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251934-qi2c704c.txt summary: This study aims to investigate, factors associated with COVID-19 positivity in hospital for 1,436 UK Biobank participants; compared with individuals who tested negative, and with the untested, presumed negative, rest of the cohort. BAME ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remaining cohort (test negatives plus untested). The aim of this study is to investigate the association of demographic factors (age, sex, ethnicity), cardiometabolic profile [body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, prior myocardial infarction (MI), smoking], and ACEi/ARB use with COVID-19 positivity in hospital using data from UKB. In this analysis of 7,099 UKB participants tested for COVID-19 in a hospital setting, BAME ethnicity, younger age, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positive test in comparison to the rest of the cohort (tested negatives plus untested). abstract: Background: Cardiometabolic morbidity and medications, specifically Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), have been linked with adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate, factors associated with COVID-19 positivity in hospital for 1,436 UK Biobank participants; compared with individuals who tested negative, and with the untested, presumed negative, rest of the cohort. Methods: We studied 7,099 participants from the UK Biobank who had been tested for COVID-19 in hospital. We considered the following exposures: age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, ACEi/ARB use, prior myocardial infarction (MI), and smoking. We undertook comparisons between (1) COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative tested participants; and (2) COVID-19 tested positive and the remaining participants (tested negative plus untested, n = 494,838). Logistic regression models were used to investigate univariate and mutually adjusted associations. Results: Among participants tested for COVID-19, Black, Asian, and Minority ethnic (BAME) ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI were independently associated with a positive result. BAME ethnicity, male sex, greater BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were independently associated with COVID-19 positivity compared to the remaining cohort (test negatives plus untested). However, similar associations were observed when comparing those who tested negative for COVID-19 with the untested cohort; suggesting that these factors associate with general hospitalization rather than specifically with COVID-19. Conclusions: Among participants tested for COVID-19 with presumed moderate to severe symptoms in a hospital setting, BAME ethnicity, male sex, and higher BMI are associated with a positive result. Other cardiometabolic morbidities confer increased risk of hospitalization, without specificity for COVID-19. ACE/ARB use did not associate with COVID-19 status. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00138 doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00138 id: cord-319268-mqxwwwcd author: Raj, Sumit title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: “Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC” date: 2020-11-03 words: 906.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319268-mqxwwwcd.txt summary: title: Letter to the Editor Regarding: "Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC" Letter to the Editor Regarding: "Case Volumes and Perioperative COVID-19 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC" W e read the article by Dowlati et al., 1 in which the authors shared their thought-provoking observations to determine the risk of a neurosurgical patient becoming infected with coronavirus disease 2019 in the perioperative period and the effect of COVID-19 on the neurosurgical case volumes. The results and findings from their study have shown that a real risk of perioperative transmission exists and have summarized how the current COVID-19 pandemic has been changing the neurosurgical caseload patterns. Case volumes and perioperative COVID-19 incidence in neurosurgical patients during a pandemic: experiences at two tertiary care centers in abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33167155/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.117 id: cord-343018-8ghon5nb author: Rajabally, Yusuf A. title: Management challenges for chronic dysimmune neuropathies during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-24 words: 1848.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343018-8ghon5nb.txt summary: Suggested clinical management guidance for incident patients with CIDP, MMN, and anti-MAG neuropathy during the COVID-19 pandemic 11 and its derivative the Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale (ONLS) 12 are easy and rapid to administer. 20 The need for treatment for a newly identified patient with chronic dysimmune neuropathy also concurrently infected by COVID-19 will likely be a rare occurrence, and treatment delay is probably appropriAlso of concern, the infection risk with immunosuppressants probably lasts for several months after interruption (although there are only few studies of single agents used for sufficiently long to confirm this). 42 In the case of patients at high risk of severe infection and death from COVID-19, but who will remain seronegative, the question of when the re-implementation of routine face-to-face consultations, usual hospital or infusion center treatment and use of immune suppressive therapies, particularly corticosteroids, will become safe again, is, disturbingly, unanswered. abstract: Since March 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to the need to re‐think the delivery of services to patients with chronic dysimmune neuropathies. Telephone/video consultations have become widespread but have compounded concerns about objective evaluation. Therapeutic decisions need, more than ever before, to be considered in the best interests of both patients, and society, while not denying function‐preserving/restoring treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy and plasma exchange, for those treated outside of the home, expose patients to the hazards of hospital or outpatient infusion centers. Steroid therapy initiation and continuation pose increased infectious risk. Immunosuppressant therapy similarly becomes highly problematic, with the risks of treatment continuation enhanced by uncertainties regarding duration of the pandemic. The required processes necessitate considerable time and effort especially as resources and staff are re‐deployed to face the pandemic, but are essential for protecting this group of patients and as an integral part of wider public health actions. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.26896 doi: 10.1002/mus.26896 id: cord-340114-ycgc6yyc author: Rajagopal, Kalirajan title: Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies date: 2020-07-28 words: 3640.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340114-ycgc6yyc.txt summary: title: Identification of some novel oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for COVID-19 by molecular docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies In this article, some oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines (A1–A48) was designed by docking, MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for their COVID-19 inhibitory activity. The docking of ligands A1–A48 against SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5R82) are performed by using Glide module, in silico ADMET screening by QikProp module, binding energy using Prime MM-GB/SA module, MD simulation by Desmond module and atomic charges were derived by Jaguar module of Schrodinger suit 2019-4. Using different modules (Glide, QikProp, Prime and Desmond) of Schr€ odinger suite LLC, various computational methods such as molecular docking, ADMET screening, binding free energy calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to find the interactions responsible for COVID-19 inhibition. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a life-threatening disease, is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The targeted therapeutics of small molecules helps the scientific community to fight against SARS-CoV-2. In this article, some oxazine substituted 9-anilinoacridines (A1–A48) was designed by docking, MM-GBSA and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies for their COVID-19 inhibitory activity. The docking of ligands A1–A48 against SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5R82) are performed by using Glide module, in silico ADMET screening by QikProp module, binding energy using Prime MM-GB/SA module, MD simulation by Desmond module and atomic charges were derived by Jaguar module of Schrodinger suit 2019-4. Compound A38 has the highest G-score (−7.83) when compared to all the standard compounds which are proposed for COVID-19 treatment such as ritonavir (−7.48), lopinavir (−6.94), nelfinavir (−5.93), hydroxychloroquine (−5.47) and mataquine (−5.37). Compounds A13, A23, A18, A7, A48, A46, A32, A20, A1 and A47 are significantly active against SARS-CoV-2 main protease when compared with hydroxychloroquine and mataquine. The residues GLN19, THR24, THR25, THR26, LEU27, HIE41, SER46, MET49, ASN119, ASN142, HIE164, MET165, ASP187, ARG188 and GLN189 of SARS-CoV-2 main protease play a crucial role in binding with ligands. The in silico ADMET properties of the molecules are within the recommended values. The binding free energy was calculated using PRIME MM-GB/SA studies. From the ligands A38, A13, A23, A18, A7, A48 and A46 with significant Glide scores may produce significant COVID-19 activity for further development. Compound A38 was subjected to MD simulation at 100 ns to study the dynamic behaviour of protein–ligand complex. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720578/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1798285 id: cord-354658-v451z3jq author: Rajagopal, Keshava title: Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document” date: 2020-05-11 words: 8876.0 sentences: 483.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354658-v451z3jq.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from ASAIO. It is the specific goal of the present paper to provide a resource document to the clinical community regarding evolving best practice strategies for advanced pulmonary and cardiac support in patients with severe progressive COVID-19. Although central cannulation is hemodynamically advantageous (with respect to higher flow rates; hemodynamic support is not relevant in pure V-V ECMO), in light of its invasiveness, bleeding risks, and specialized training required, it is more reasonable to propose peripheral cannulation as the initial approach of choice for COVID-19-related respiratory failure. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. Based on preliminary clinical reports, hypoxic respiratory failure complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of death. Further, septic shock, late-onset cardiac dysfunction, and multiorgan system failure are also described as contributors to overall mortality. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and other modalities of mechanical cardiopulmonary support are increasingly being utilized in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure refractory to conventional management, their role and efficacy as support modalities in the present pandemic are unclear. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from ASAIO. Of note, this is a “living document,” which will be updated periodically, as additional information and understanding emerges. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32358232/ doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001180 id: cord-287011-yd8ayqgc author: Rajajee, Venkatakrishna title: Use of a Novel Negative-Pressure Tent During Bedside Tracheostomy in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-08-07 words: 3177.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287011-yd8ayqgc.txt summary: METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive PDT procedures performed by neurointensivists on intubated adult patients with COVID-19 using the AerosolVE tent during the pandemic under an innovative clinical care protocol. This is a promising low-cost device to decrease risk to healthcare providers during AGPs. As the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic evolves, several patients dependent on mechanical ventilation have required tracheostomy. In this case series, we have demonstrated the feasibility of use of a novel negative-pressure tent during bedside tracheostomy for ventilator-dependent patients with COVID-19. The very high air-exchange rate within the tent may make such disconnections unnecessary, and thereby increase the safety of the procedure for COVID-19 patients who typically have limited pulmonary reserve and suffer oxygen Several other devices designed to decrease transmission risk during AGPs have been reported during the pandemic, in both the medical literature [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] and the lay press [17] [18] [19] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Many COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations and respiratory failure remain dependent on mechanical ventilation and require tracheostomy, which is an aerosol generating procedure (AGP). The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare staff during AGPs is well documented, and negative-pressure rooms are often unavailable. Innovative techniques to decrease risk to healthcare providers during AGPs are necessary. Our objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) performed using a novel prefabricated low-cost negative-pressure tent (AerosolVE). METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive PDT procedures performed by neurointensivists on intubated adult patients with COVID-19 using the AerosolVE tent during the pandemic under an innovative clinical care protocol. The AerosolVE negative-pressure tent consists of a clear plastic canopy with slits for hand access attached to a U-shaped base with air vents. Air within the tent is drawn through a high-efficiency particulate air filter and released outside. Preliminary testing during simulated AGPs demonstrated negligible escape of particulate matter beyond the tent. The main outcome measure was successful completion of PDT and bronchoscopy within the AerosolVE tent, without complications. RESULTS: The patients were a 53-year-old man with multifocal ischemic stroke and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 53-year-old woman with cerebellar hemorrhage and ARDS, and a 69-year-old man with ARDS. Pre-procedure FiO(2) requirement was 40–50% and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 8–12 cm H(2)O. The tent was successfully positioned around the patient and PDT completed with real-time ultrasound guidance in all 3 patients. Bronchoscopy was performed to confirm tube position and perform pulmonary toilet. No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to perform PDT on intubated COVID-19 patients using the AerosolVE negative-pressure tent. This is a promising low-cost device to decrease risk to healthcare providers during AGPs. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01068-1 doi: 10.1007/s12028-020-01068-1 id: cord-321461-1s3y9kc5 author: Rajdev, Kartikeya title: Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in COVID-19: Mounting Evidence date: 2020-08-31 words: 2467.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321461-1s3y9kc5.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors present on various locations such as the pulmonary alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium. This case series describes three distinct yet similar scenarios of COVID-19 positive patients with several underlying comorbidities, wherein two of the patients presented to our hospital with sudden onset right-sided weakness, later diagnosed with ischemic stroke, and one patient who developed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage during his hospital stay. A 76-year-old woman with a past medical history of type-II diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on nocturnal 3 L/min home oxygen, obstructive sleep apnea on BiPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) at home, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection eight days prior to her admission. Stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) occurring in the setting of COVID-19 is reported to have a worse patient prognosis, with a substantially higher risk of in-hospital mortality [9] . abstract: The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors present on various locations such as the pulmonary alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium. In COVID-19 patients, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with these receptors in the cerebral blood vessels has been attributed to stroke. Although the incidence of acute ischemic stroke is relatively low, ranging from 1% to 6%, the mortality associated with it is substantially high, reaching as high as 38%. This case series describes three distinct yet similar scenarios of COVID-19 positive patients with several underlying comorbidities, wherein two of the patients presented to our hospital with sudden onset right-sided weakness, later diagnosed with ischemic stroke, and one patient who developed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage during his hospital stay. The patients were diagnosed with acute stroke as a complication of COVID-19 infection. We also provide an insight into the possible mechanisms responsible for the life-threatening complication. Physicians should have a low threshold for suspecting stroke in COVID-19 patients, and close observation should be kept on such patients particularly those with clinical evidence of traditional risk factors. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10157 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10157 id: cord-299495-1z4udo3d author: Rajendram, Rajkumar title: Identifying phenotypes of COVID-19, defining their pathogenesis, and targeting treatments could improve outcomes date: 2020-06-24 words: 905.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299495-1z4udo3d.txt summary: Therefore, defining and targeting treatment to the specific pathologies responsible for the various phenotypes of COVID-19 pneumonia could prevent disease progression and improve outcomes. Radiological phenotype 1 and clinical Type L COVID-19 may be associated with right-to-left (RTL) shunt (Gattinoni et al., 2020a; 2020b; Rajendram et al., 2020; Robba et al., 2020) . So, the anatomical substrate for RTL shunt in patients with COVID-19 could be extrapulmonary (EPS) as well as intra-pulmonary (Rajendram et al., 2020) . Correlating the radiological features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with their blood gases and lung mechanics could revolutionize the approach to management. Such a paradigm shift is urgently required because many patients with COVID-19 do not improve with the standard approach to treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Gattinoni et al., 2020a; 2020b; Rajendram et al., 2020) . Correlation of the radiological features of COVID-19 with clinical phenotypes based on blood gases, lung mechanics and shunt could redefine management. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2020.103477 doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103477 id: cord-347504-pkkh9uy4 author: Rajhans, Vidyut title: Impact of COVID-19 on academic activities and way forward in Indian Optometry date: 2020-06-13 words: 3082.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347504-pkkh9uy4.txt summary: In the last week of April 2020, on the observation that the majority of optometry institutions have switched their teaching-learning activities on e-learning mode, an online survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire containing a mix of open and close-ended questions. The quick transitions to online mode assisted in keeping continuity of optometry education programs, effectively fitting in the purpose of completion of the current academic year. Social distancing and telemedicine are set to be ''a new normal'' hereafter, imposing a persistent challenge for global optometry educators, to teach various clinical skills to the students 14 . This paper reports the findings of the observational study describing the rapid transition of optometry education in India amid COVID 19 disruptions. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was designed to find changes in optometry training and adaptations of Indian optometry educators amid COVID 19 lockdown. abstract: Abstract Purpose Academia is experiencing massive reforms globally amid lockdown in COVID-19 outbreak. This study is aimed to apprehend the enabling and impeding factors of these reforms, with a focus on optometry education. It brings together how the Indian optometry educational system has responded to COVID-19 disruptions with findings of the 2020 survey, in light of similar survey done in 2018. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was designed to find changes in optometry training and adaptations of Indian optometry educators amid COVID 19 lockdown. In the last week of April 2020, on the observation that the majority of optometry institutions have switched their teaching-learning activities on e-learning mode, an online survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire containing a mix of open and close-ended questions. Results Seventy-three out of 78 optometry educators (93.58%) have switched to e-learning mode in a very short time span with good confidence. Most teaching-learning and assessment activities are carried out using multi-device supporting video conferencing tools, dedicated educational portals and social media apps. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is proving to be constructive disruptor, giving an opportunity for restructuring the present conventional, classroom based educational system. The quick transitions to online mode assisted in keeping continuity of optometry education programs, effectively fitting in the purpose of completion of the current academic year. The rapid transition to online education has not only benefited optometry students but also has created a momentum of continued education for practicing optometrist in the country. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32703749/ doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.06.002 id: cord-238782-z9nb8cwt author: Rajinikanth, Venkatesan title: Firefly-Algorithm Supported Scheme to Detect COVID-19 Lesion in Lung CT Scan Images using Shannon Entropy and Markov-Random-Field date: 2020-04-14 words: 3769.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-238782-z9nb8cwt.txt summary: The proposed work aims to suggest an automated image processing scheme to extract the COVID-19 lesion from the lung CT scan images (CTI) recorded from the patients. This work implements Firefly Algorithm and Shannon Entropy (FA+SE) based multi-threshold to enhance the pneumonia lesion and implements Markov-Random-Field (MRF) segmentation to extract the lesions with better accuracy. The proposed work helped to attain a mean accuracy of>92% during COVID-19 lesion segmentation and in future, it can be used to examine the real clinical lung CTI of COVID-19 patients. The proposed research executes a sequence of techniques, such as artifact removal, Firefly Algorithm and Shannon-Entropy (FA+SE) based multi-thresholding, Markov-Random-Field (MRF) segmentation and validation of the proposed system using a comparison with respect to the Ground-Truth-Image (GTI). Finally, the extracted COVID-19 lesion is compared against the Ground-Truth-Image (GTI) and based on the attained performance values; the superiority of the proposed image processing tool is confirmed. abstract: The pneumonia caused by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of major global threat and a number of detection and treatment procedures are suggested by the researchers for COVID-19. The proposed work aims to suggest an automated image processing scheme to extract the COVID-19 lesion from the lung CT scan images (CTI) recorded from the patients. This scheme implements the following procedures; (i) Image pre-processing to enhance the COVID-19 lesions, (ii) Image post-processing to extract the lesions, and (iii) Execution of a relative analysis between the extracted lesion segment and the Ground-Truth-Image (GTI). This work implements Firefly Algorithm and Shannon Entropy (FA+SE) based multi-threshold to enhance the pneumonia lesion and implements Markov-Random-Field (MRF) segmentation to extract the lesions with better accuracy. The proposed scheme is tested and validated using a class of COVID-19 CTI obtained from the existing image datasets and the experimental outcome is appraised to authenticate the clinical significance of the proposed scheme. The proposed work helped to attain a mean accuracy of>92% during COVID-19 lesion segmentation and in future, it can be used to examine the real clinical lung CTI of COVID-19 patients. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.09239v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-301295-kthqb2fs author: Rajkumar, R. P. title: The relationship between demographic, psychosocial and health-related parameters and the impact of COVID-19: a study of twenty-four Indian regions date: 2020-07-30 words: 3640.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301295-kthqb2fs.txt summary: 8 Preliminary research has found that demographic and socioeconomic factors can influence variability in the spread and impact of COVID-19 not only between countries, but within a given country; in an ecological analysis of data from the United States, poverty, number of elderly people and population density were positively correlated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. The results of this preliminary analysis found that certain demographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables were significantly related to the variability in COVID-19 prevalence, mortality and case fatality rates across 24 different regions of India. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 doi: medRxiv preprint by the percentage of DALYs associated with this disorder; COVID-19 mortality was associated with the burden of ischemic heart disease; and COVID-19 case fatality rate was associated with the total population of each region. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 doi: medRxiv preprint Though this could not be confirmed by multivariate analysis, population was positively correlated with the case fatality rate across the different regions of India. abstract: Objectives: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has varied widely across nations and even in different regions of the same nation. Some of this variability may be due to the interplay of pre-existing demographic, psychological, social and health-related factors in a given population. Methods: Data on the COVID-19 prevalence, crude mortality and case fatality rates were obtained from official government statistics for 24 regions of India. The relationship between these parameters and demographic, social, psychological and health-related indices in these states was examined using both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A variety of factors - state population, sex ratio, and burden of diarrhoeal disease and ischemic heart disease - were associated with measures of the impact of COVID-19 on bivariate analyses. On multivariate analyses, prevalence and crude mortality rate were both significantly and negatively associated with the sex ratio. Conclusions: These results suggest that the transmission and impact of COVID-19 in a given population may be influenced by a number of variables, with demographic factors showing the most consistent association. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20163287 id: cord-303621-uipazeve author: Rajkumar, R. P. title: Genetic polymorphisms mediating behavioural and immune response to pathogens may moderate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study date: 2020-06-04 words: 2472.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303621-uipazeve.txt summary: Given the role that these two genetic variants may have played in protecting populations from outbreaks of infectious disease in the past, this pilot study was conducted to examine their potential impact on two measures of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic: the prevalence and the crude mortality rate. To test the association between the 5-HTTLPR s and IL-6 rs1800795 G alleles and the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, a preliminary analysis of the correlation between the frequencies of these alleles and the prevalence and crude mortality rate reported for COVID-19 across nations was carried out using population-based data. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20120998 doi: medRxiv preprint These results, though preliminary, provide confirmation of the hypothesis that populationlevel variations in allele frequencies, particularly those influence host immune response or favour behaviours that minimize disease spread, may directly influence the spread and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic across nations. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world, but there are wide variations in prevalence and mortality across nations. Genetic variants which influence behavioural or immune responses to pathogens, selected for by pathogen pressure, may influence this variability. Two relevant polymorphisms in this context are the s allele of the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) and the G allele of the interleukin-6 gene (IL-6 rs1800795). Methods: The frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR s allele and IL-6 rs1800795 G allele were obtained from published data. The correlations between these allele frequencies and the prevalence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were examined across 44 nations. Results: The IL-6 rs1800795 G allele was negatively correlated with COVID-19 prevalence ({rho} = -0.466, p < 0.01) and mortality ({rho} = -0.591, p<0.001) across nations. The 5-HTTLPR s allele was negatively correlated with COVID-19 mortality rates ({rho} = -0.437, p = 0.023). Conclusions: These results suggest that a significant relationship exists between genetic variants that influence behavioural and immune responses to pathogens and indices of the impact of COVID-19 across nations. Further investigation of these variants and their correlates may permit the development of better preventive or therapeutic strategies in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20120998 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20120998 id: cord-339908-a2r5wzqn author: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Sleep, physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: complexities and opportunities for intervention date: 2020-10-10 words: 1162.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339908-a2r5wzqn.txt summary: These effects are compounded by the adverse psychological effects produced by fear of infection, social isolation and loneliness caused by quarantine, and disruptions in education, employment, access to health care, and economic stability, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in a substantial proportion of the general population [3, 4] . A further mediating variable of interest in this context is physical activity, which has been observed to change in complex manners during the COVID-19 lockdown, and which can influence sleep both by acting as an environmental "timekeeper" and by positively influencing psychological resilience in the face of COVID-19 [7] [8] [9] . In the context of this contemporary scenario, Ernstsen and Havnen have examined the relationship between self-reported sleep disturbances and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. Both depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with disturbed sleep, but no statistically significant evidence was found for a mediating role of changes in physical activity. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945720304457?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.004 id: cord-348351-naktgl9o author: Rajkumar, Ravi Philip title: Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports date: 2020-06-05 words: 1158.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348351-naktgl9o.txt summary: title: Suicides related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India: a pilot study of media reports It is of interest that suicidal deaths related to COVID-19 have already been reported in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry (Goyal et al., 2020; Mamun and Griffiths, 2020) . The dissemination of information related to suicide during the COVID-19 outbreak, particularly as it pertains to Asian countries, is of importance to healthcare providers and policy-makers, and is in keeping with the objectives set out by the Journal in its position statement (Tandon, 2020) . The data extracted from the reports included: (a) socio-demographic details, (b) any possible diagnosis of mental illness or substance use disorder, (c) triggering circumstances, (d) remote predisposing factors. Though the results presented here are subject to many limitations, particularly reporting biases (Armstrong et al., 2018) , they provide preliminary information on the factors related to suicide during the COVID-19 outbreak in India. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820303087?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102196 id: cord-268011-q24zsyn4 author: Rakshit, Bijoy title: When China sneezes, middle east states get the cold date: 2020-06-15 words: 1570.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268011-q24zsyn4.txt summary: Finally, we explain the case of Middle East states and demonstrate the pathways that explain the economic repercussion of this global pandemic on the region. At the time, when China has experienced a drastic economic slowdown due to the closure of several manufacturing industries, the operations of the global supply chain have also got affected. In such a scenario, there will be an emergence of a global economic slowdown in the first half of 2020 and post the effect, the economies across the world will recover eventually. At the time, when the Chinese economy is already observing an economic slowdown, caused by the sudden disruption in the Apart from the public health crisis, the COVID-19 will affect the economy of the Middle East through the following channels. This is why it has been anticipated that COVID-19 will have an impact on the travel and tourism sector in the Middle East states. abstract: The main objective of this study is to extend an economic perspective on the outbreak of COVID‐19 pandemic in the Middle East economies. The COVID‐19 pandemic, which was initially considered as a Chinese‐centric problem, has now affected more than 200 countries worldwide. The impact of the virus on human sufferings is unaccountable. However, economists consider the repercussion of the outbreak as contagious economically as it has been medically. Throughout this paper, we mainly address a few important research questions about the economic aspects of COVID‐19. We further highlight three critical channels through which the economic effect of the outbreak can be assessed. Finally, we explain the case of Middle East states and demonstrate the pathways that explain the economic repercussion of this global pandemic on the region. We conclude the paper by providing a few policy recommendations for the Middle East economies to fight the crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2155 doi: 10.1002/pa.2155 id: cord-304450-1ub3xzsv author: Ralph, Paul title: Pandemic programming: How COVID-19 affects software developers and how their organizations can help date: 2020-09-14 words: 10239.0 sentences: 616.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304450-1ub3xzsv.txt summary: Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers'' wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Research question: How is working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting software developers'' emotional wellbeing and productivity? (2007) found that organizational and job-related factors (e.g. management culture, human resources support, structure of feedback) are more likely to affect teleworking employees'' satisfaction and perceived productivity than work styles (e.g. planning vs. Research on working from home has been criticized for relying on self-reports of perceived productivity, which may inflate its benefits (Bailey and Kurland 2002) ; however, objective measures often lack construct validity (Ralph and Tempero 2018) and perceived productivity correlates well with managers'' appraisals (Baruch 1996) . abstract: CONTEXT: As a novel coronavirus swept the world in early 2020, thousands of software developers began working from home. Many did so on short notice, under difficult and stressful conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on developers’ wellbeing and productivity. METHOD: A questionnaire survey was created mainly from existing, validated scales and translated into 12 languages. The data was analyzed using non-parametric inferential statistics and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The questionnaire received 2225 usable responses from 53 countries. Factor analysis supported the validity of the scales and the structural model achieved a good fit (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.051, SRMR = 0.067). Confirmatory results include: (1) the pandemic has had a negative effect on developers’ wellbeing and productivity; (2) productivity and wellbeing are closely related; (3) disaster preparedness, fear related to the pandemic and home office ergonomics all affect wellbeing or productivity. Exploratory analysis suggests that: (1) women, parents and people with disabilities may be disproportionately affected; (2) different people need different kinds of support. CONCLUSIONS: To improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee wellbeing and improving the ergonomics of employees’ home offices. Women, parents and disabled persons may require extra support. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y doi: 10.1007/s10664-020-09875-y id: cord-262708-hctuxrw9 author: Ramachandra, C. title: Outcomes of Cancer Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preparedness to Practising Continuous Cancer Care date: 2020-10-19 words: 2365.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262708-hctuxrw9.txt summary: We were quick to adopt best practices and guidelines (PRINT ISSN No. 2277-8179/doi: 10.36106/ijsr) for cancer treatment during the pandemic as prescribed by Indian Association of Surgical Oncology (IASO)COVID-19 guidelines [6] and the Tata Memorial Centre COVID-19 working group [7] . At Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (Regional Cancer Centre at Bengaluru, India) despite having to deescalate operations by about one-third, the department of surgical oncology and allied specialities made the decision to continue graded response in providing cancer care based on, for a centre with an annual registration of more than 25,000 new patients even a slowdown in clinical services is likely to have a deleterious impact on outcomes and a high plausible that surges of population infection, lock downs, resource competition and diagnostic bottlenecks could recur over the next few years and augment the delay in oncological care and its consequences [11] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare services. Deprioritisation of nonemergency clinical services and growing concerns of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in cancer patients is having a deleterious impact across oncologic practice. We report cancer surgery outcomes taking into account the acuity of the COVID-19 situation. A prospectively maintained database of the Department of Surgical Oncology was analysed from 1st May to 30th June, 2020, to evaluate the perioperative outcomes, morbidity and mortality following major surgical procedures. A total of 359, preoperatively, tested negative for COVID-19 underwent surgery. Median age was 52 years with 26.7% (n = 96) above the age of 60 years. Sixty-one percent (n = 219) patients were American Society of Anaesthesiology grades II–III. As per surgical complexity grading, 36.8% (n = 132) cases were lower grades (I–III) and 63.2% (n = 227) were complex surgeries (IV–VI). 5.3% (n = 19) had ≥ grade III Clavien-Dindo complication, and the postoperative mortality rate was 0.27% (n = 1). Major complication rates in patients > 60 years were 9.3% in comparison to 4.1% in < 60 years (p = 0·63). The median hospital stay was 1–10 days across subspecialties. Postoperatively, repeat COVID 19 testing in 2 suspected patients were negative. Our study showed that after screening, triaging and prioritisation, asymptomatic cases may undergo cancer surgeries without increased morbidity during COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13193-020-01250-z doi: 10.1007/s13193-020-01250-z id: cord-352215-dhkvh45t author: Ramachandran, Preethi title: Increased serum aminotransferase activity and clinical outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 words: 2540.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352215-dhkvh45t.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Elevated aminotransferases among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation, but did not achieve statistical significance after controlling for inflammatory markers. Due to these gaps in current knowledge, we aim to measure the prevalence of clinically significant (twice the ULN) elevation of aminotransferase levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Elevated aminotransferases were associated with an increased rate of mechanical ventilation, but did not achieve statistical significance after controlling for inflammatory markers. However, we found that the rate of mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in patients with elevated aminotransferases, but the statistical significance was lost when adjusted for confounding variables. The results of our study show that clinically significant elevation of aminotransferases (2 X ULN) was noted in 13.7% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevation of hepatic aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) is commonly noted among COVID-19 patients. It is unclear if they can predict the clinical outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We aim to assess if elevations in AST/ALT were associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated hospitalized COVID-19 patients with clinically significant elevated aminotransferases (defined as >2 times upper limit of normal) and compared them with COVID-19 patients without an elevation in aminotransferases. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevation in AST/ALT was found to be 13.7% (20/145). The two groups were similar in baseline demographics, comorbidities, and the majority of laboratory tests. There was no difference in the mortality (50% vs. 36.8%, P=0.32) and median hospital stay (7 days vs. 7 days, P=0.78). However, there was a statistically significant increase in the rates of mechanical ventilation among elevated aminotransferases group compared to individuals without elevation (50% vs. 24%, P= 0.028). However, this difference was not observed after adjusting for inflammatory markers such as ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactic acid levels. CONCLUSION: Elevated aminotransferases among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with higher rates of mechanical ventilation, but did not achieve statistical significance after controlling for inflammatory markers. Also, patients with elevated aminotransferases did not have higher rates of mortality or prolonged length of stay. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837096/ doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.06.009 id: cord-319575-i5iq5qn4 author: Ramachandran, R. title: Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India date: 2020-04-25 words: 731.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319575-i5iq5qn4.txt summary: Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India Q1 To the editor The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the resilience of health care systems worldwide. In the current report, we describe the unique hardships confronted by main Q2 tenance of in-center hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in India during the current lockdown period. As part of the COVID-19 response, governments have taken over management of a number of private hospitals 4 and ordered the closure of down Q3 dialysis units. In some instances, units were closed down and staff were placed in quarantine after a patient or health care worker was found to be COVID-19 positive. Some private dialysis units ask patients to pay for personal protective equipment. 3 The COVID-19 pandemic should force the global health care community and policymakers to anticipate and address the unique needs of different patient groups such as those with kidney failure. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471634/ doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.019 id: cord-029466-9sy6icrm author: Ramadan, Ahmad Riad title: Tales of a department: how the COVID-19 pandemic transformed Detroit’s Henry Ford Hospital, Department of Neurology—part I: the surge date: 2020-07-12 words: 4345.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029466-9sy6icrm.txt summary: In the first 2 weeks, the meetings were focused on ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), the shutting down of all neurology outpatient and most inpatient activities, establishment of virtual care activity and seeking volunteers for redeployment openings listed by Incident Command on the daily leadership calls. In order to expand the number of ICU beds, the larger unit, consisting of 18 beds, became an extension of the medical ICU (MICU) for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 and was staffed by internal medicine (IM) physicians and residents. Neurological checks and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessments were performed using video devices to limit exposure to HCPs. Consensus was reached between the stroke team, neurointerventional team and radiology on an amended policy to manage patients receiving thrombectomy during the pandemic. Several neurology residents were redeployed to provide care for patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit under the supervision of an IM staff. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the way healthcare systems operate around the world. The major hurdles faced have been availability of personal protective equipment, intensive care unit beds, ventilators, treatments and medical personnel. Detroit, Michigan has been an epidemic ‘hotspot’ in the USA with Wayne County among the hardest hit counties in the nation. The Department of Neurology at Henry Ford Hospital, in the heart of Detroit, has responded effectively to the pandemic by altering many aspects of its operations. The rapid engagement of the department and enhanced utilisation of teleneurology were two of the pivotal elements in the successful response to the pandemic. In this review, we describe the transformation our department has undergone, as it relates to its infrastructure redesigning, coverage restructuring, redeployment strategies, medical education adaptations and novel research initiatives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371567/ doi: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000070 id: cord-305965-yzx21hp7 author: Ramalingam, HariPrasad title: Delayed Diagnosis of Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Case Report date: 2020-06-23 words: 1345.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305965-yzx21hp7.txt summary: Later, she developed type 2 respiratory failure and carbon dioxide narcosis because of delay in diagnosis of severe, near-complete postintubation tracheal stenosis due to over suspicion of COVID-19 during the current pandemic. Later, she developed type 2 respiratory failure and carbon dioxide narcosis because of delay in diagnosis of severe, near-complete postintubation tracheal stenosis due to over suspicion of COVID-19 during the current pandemic. 2020;14:e01269.) GLOSSARY ABG = arterial blood gas; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CT = computed tomography; ETT = endotracheal tube; Fio 2 = fraction of inspired oxygen; ICMR = Indian Council of Medical Research; Paco 2 = partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Pao 2 = partial pressure of oxygen; RT-PCR = reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 P ostintubation tracheal stenosis is a rare event, and its incidence is estimated to be 4.9 cases per million per year. abstract: Tracheal stenosis is an uncommon but severe problem after long-term intubation. Here, we report a patient who came from a containment zone of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and presented with complaints of breathlessness and cough. She was suspected to have an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Later, she developed type 2 respiratory failure and carbon dioxide narcosis because of delay in diagnosis of severe, near-complete postintubation tracheal stenosis due to over suspicion of COVID-19 during the current pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643909/ doi: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001269 id: cord-319837-5avoulan author: Raman, Eshwara V. title: Pediatric Airway Surgeries in COVID 19 Era date: 2020-07-27 words: 1887.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319837-5avoulan.txt summary: To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. These recommendations have been made to help other pediatric airway surgeons to manage airway cases, however, this can be changed during this pandemic crisis though this can be changed later due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and available evidence. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generated procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. abstract: To outline a set of recommendations on the management of pediatric cases who requiring airway surgery in the context of COVID 19 pandemic. A set of recommendations have been prepared based on National and International published scientific literature and recent updates on COVID 19. These has been implemented in our tertiary care centre. Due to the evolving nature of COVID 19 and existing knowledge gaps, these recommendations may have to be revised periodically. The incidence of COVID 19 is very low (1–5%) in the pediatric age group with relatively good prognosis. Pediatric airway surgeries should be restricted to emergency cases only. The decision of postponement of the surgical cases should be taken by the team of senior pediatric airway surgeons. Flexible laryngoscopy should be avoided. Foreign body cases should undergo a computed tomography scan to avoid diagnostic bronchoscopies. All the measures should be taken to prevent direct contact of aerosol so powered instruments should not be used unless mandatory. Protective draping method should be adopted to prevent aerosol exposure. As paediatric airway surgeries are aerosol generating procedure where the risk of contracting COVID 19 by the surgeons and support staff is very high, we suggest recommendations to prevent the contact with infected aerosol. We assure these recommendations are easy to follow and can impact good quality outcome during this pandemic crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837945/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-01989-5 id: cord-276529-ol2c7f3x author: Ramasamy, Roshan title: Molecular mechanisms for thrombosis risk in Black people: a role in excess mortality from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-08 words: 1493.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276529-ol2c7f3x.txt summary: We read with interest your recent article by Fogarty et al, in particular their conclusion that differences in thrombotic risk may contribute to ethnic disparities in mortality from Covid-19.(1) This is especially important in the UK, where age-sex adjusted hospital death rates for Covid-19 are 2.17 times higher for people with ethnicity recorded as black compared to those recorded as white, and 1.95 higher for those recorded as Asian.(2) This excess mortality persists after adjustment for deprivation, body mass index (BMI), smoking and comorbidities,(2) and despite correction for region, rural or urban living, deprivation, household composition, socioeconomic status, and health.(3) Similar data from the USA shows that in 14 states, African-Americans represent 33% of hospitalisations for Covid-19, despite only making up 14% of the catchment population.(4) Black ethnicity is a construct incorporating diverse populations of African descent. abstract: We read with interest your recent article by Fogarty et al, in particular their conclusion that differences in thrombotic risk may contribute to ethnic disparities in mortality from Covid-19.(1) This is especially important in the UK, where age-sex adjusted hospital death rates for Covid-19 are 2.17 times higher for people with ethnicity recorded as black compared to those recorded as white, and 1.95 higher for those recorded as Asian.(2) This excess mortality persists after adjustment for deprivation, body mass index (BMI), smoking and comorbidities,(2) and despite correction for region, rural or urban living, deprivation, household composition, socioeconomic status, and health.(3) Similar data from the USA shows that in 14 states, African-Americans represent 33% of hospitalisations for Covid-19, despite only making up 14% of the catchment population.(4) Black ethnicity is a construct incorporating diverse populations of African descent. Studies from several communities labelled as black, in particular African-Americans, imply a common increase in thrombotic risk, which may contribute to unexplained ethnic disparities in the UK and USA in Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438458/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16869 id: cord-282825-svgknqud author: Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere title: COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome date: 2020-06-02 words: 1745.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282825-svgknqud.txt summary: This is a brief report of a patient who has refractory Myasthenia Gravis, on multiple long-term immunosuppressive therapies and contracted COVID-19 during this 2020 pandemic. This case report describes myasthenic patient who was infected COVID-19 and recovered without myasthenic crisis/exacerbation, and no COVID-19 complications despite chronic immunomodulatory therapy. MG is treatable with immunomodulation from long-term immunosuppressive drugs, IV immunoglobulin (IVIg), and plasmapheresis [1] [2] [3] In approximately 15% of patients, severe weakness of respiratory muscles causes restrictive respiratory failure (ie, myasthenic crisis), a true neurologic emergency that requires prompt treatment in an intensive care setting [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . In the recent global pandemic from novel coronavirus (COVID-19/SARS-CoV2), myasthenic patients can be considered high risk in case of chronic immunosuppression and in case of respiratory muscle weakness [11] [12] [13] [14] . abstract: This is a brief report of a patient who has refractory Myasthenia Gravis, on multiple long-term immunosuppressive therapies and contracted COVID-19 during this 2020 pandemic. She was quarantined for total of 14 days and recovered successfully without any complications (no myasthenia exacerbation or crisis, no COVID-19 related complications), with no changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment of MG patients with COVID-19 needs to be tailored to individual patient. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508329/ doi: 10.3233/jnd-200520 id: cord-273553-xp4nfnq3 author: Ramatillah, D. L. title: TREATMENT PROFILES AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN JAKARTA date: 2020-10-16 words: 3967.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273553-xp4nfnq3.txt summary: Conclusion: The most effective antiviral agent in this study based on treatment duration was the combination of Oseltamivir + Hydroxychloroquine.The higher the patient''s average treatment duration, the lower the average survival rate for COVID-19 patients. Samples used in this study were patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were undergoing treatment and receiving antiviral agent therapy. Patients receiving the combination Oseltamivir + Chloroquine therapy had an average survival rate of about 17% after about 23 days of treatment. Meanwhile, patients who received combination therapy Favipiravir + Oseltamivir + Chloroquine had an average survival rate of about 10% after undergoing treatment for about 39 days. Based on the Chi-Square test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between COVID-19 antiviral agent therapy and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients (p = 0.025). Based on the Chi-Square test, there was no significant effect between gender (p = 0.174) and age (p = 0.065) on the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes COVID-19, which has become a worldwide pandemic. However, until now, there is no vaccine or specific drug to prevent or treat COVID-19. Objectives: To find out the effective treatment as an antiviral agent for COVID-19, to determine the correlation between sociodemography with clinical outcomes and duration of treatment, and to determine the relationship between comorbidities with clinical outcomes and duration of treatment for COVID-19 patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in this study. This study included only confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the hospital during April-May 2020. Convenience sampling was used to select 103 patients, but only 72 patients were suitable for inclusion. Results: The survival analysis for COVID-19 patients using the Kaplan Meier method showed that patients receiving Oseltamivir + Hydroxychloroquine had an average survival rate of about 83% after undergoing treatment for about ten days. Gender (p = 0.450) and age (p = 0.226) did not have a significant correlation with the duration of treatment for COVID-19 patients. Gender (p = 0.174) and age (p = 0.065) also did not have a significant correlation with clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. Comorbidities showed a significant correlation with duration of treatment (p = 0.002) and clinical outcome (p = 0.014) of COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The most effective antiviral agent in this study based on treatment duration was the combination of Oseltamivir + Hydroxychloroquine.The higher the patient's average treatment duration, the lower the average survival rate for COVID-19 patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.14.20212449v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20212449 id: cord-031101-6wb1g4dy author: Ramelli, Stefano title: Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 10963.0 sentences: 641.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031101-6wb1g4dy.txt summary: Market reactions to the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) provide new insights into how real shocks and financial policies drive firm value. First, Figure A2 in the Internet Appendix shows that our main firm characteristics of interest (international trade, cash holdings, and leverage) are positively correlated with the average loading on the market factor returns in 2019. For example, the results in column 3 imply that a one-standard-deviation higher exposure to China (13.36) was associated with 1.36% (= 13.36 × 0.102) lower cumulative returns in the Outbreak period, net of other firm characteristics and market beta. of financial firms for the sake of consistency with the stock return results.) This analysis concerns calls held in the Outbreak and Fever period, because no conference call in the Incubation period discussed the coronavirus (see Section 1). abstract: Market reactions to the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) provide new insights into how real shocks and financial policies drive firm value. Initially, internationally oriented firms, especially those more exposed to trade with China, underperformed. As the virus spread to Europe and the United States, corporate debt and cash holdings emerged as important value drivers, relevant even after the Fed intervened in the bond market. The content and tone of conference calls mirror this development over time. Overall, the results illustrate how anticipated real effects from the health crisis, a rare disaster, were amplified through financial channels. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454848/ doi: 10.1093/rcfs/cfaa012 id: cord-288679-57ftpsmx author: Ramirez, David A. title: Resident Perspectives on COVID-19: Three Takeaways date: 2020-09-22 words: 1417.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288679-57ftpsmx.txt summary: As we navigated these changes in our personal lives, our residency program also adapted to meet our new educational challenges. In one study, residents who had previously used a surgical simulator demonstrated shorter J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f phacoemulsification times and used less phacoemulsification power 1 . Although our surgical experience during the coronavirus pandemic was limited, our quick transition to a simulation curriculum allowed us to maintain progress in surgical training and to continue resident-faculty interaction. We implemented best practices on how to reduce spread in J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f ophthalmic clinics, published by a group of ophthalmologists in Hong Kong 9 , which involved careful triage of patients with symptoms suggestive of contagious disease, minimizing micro-aerosolizing procedures, and installing protective shields on slit lamps. Influence of surgery simulator training on ophthalmology resident phacoemulsification performance Surgical Simulation Training Reduces Intraoperative Cataract Surgery Complications Among Residents abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.028 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.028 id: cord-274121-3w6kc0c9 author: Ramiro, Sofia title: Historically controlled comparison of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab versus supportive care only in patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome: results of the CHIC study date: 2020-07-20 words: 5757.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274121-3w6kc0c9.txt summary: Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. Objectives To prospectively investigate in patients with severe coVid-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (css) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. ► A strategy involving a course of high-dose glucocorticoids, followed by tocilizumab if needed, has shown to accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation compared with supportive care only in COVID-19-associated CSS. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To prospectively investigate in patients with severe COVID-19-associated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) whether an intensive course of glucocorticoids with or without tocilizumab accelerates clinical improvement, reduces mortality and prevents invasive mechanical ventilation, in comparison with a historic control group of patients who received supportive care only. METHODS: From 1 April 2020, patients with COVID-19-associated CSS, defined as rapid respiratory deterioration plus at least two out of three biomarkers with important elevations (C-reactive protein >100 mg/L; ferritin >900 µg/L; D-dimer >1500 µg/L), received high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 consecutive days (250 mg on day 1 followed by 80 mg on days 2–5). If the respiratory condition had not improved sufficiently (in 43%), the interleukin-6 receptor blocker tocilizumab (8 mg/kg body weight, single infusion) was added on or after day 2. Control patients with COVID-19-associated CSS (same definition) were retrospectively sampled from the pool of patients (n=350) admitted between 7 March and 31 March, and matched one to one to treated patients on sex and age. The primary outcome was ≥2 stages of improvement on a 7-item WHO-endorsed scale for trials in patients with severe influenza pneumonia, or discharge from the hospital. Secondary outcomes were hospital mortality and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: At baseline all patients with COVID-19 in the treatment group (n=86) and control group (n=86) had symptoms of CSS and faced acute respiratory failure. Treated patients had 79% higher likelihood on reaching the primary outcome (HR: 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.7) (7 days earlier), 65% less mortality (HR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.65) and 71% less invasive mechanical ventilation (HR: 0.29; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.65). Treatment effects remained constant in confounding and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy involving a course of high-dose methylprednisolone, followed by tocilizumab if needed, may accelerate respiratory recovery, lower hospital mortality and reduce the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19-associated CSS. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218479 id: cord-343330-wuzts3mt author: Ramos da Silva, S. title: Broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism and immunopathology in lung tissues from fatal COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 words: 3447.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343330-wuzts3mt.txt summary: Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prominently manifests with pulmonary symptoms histologically reflected by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), excess inflammation, pneumocyte hyperplasia and proliferation, and formation of platelet aggregates or thromboemboli. Methods We performed multicolor staining for viral proteins, and lineage cell markers to identify SARS-CoV-2 tropism and to define the lung pathobiology in postmortem tissues from five patients with fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of lung tissues from healthy 120 subjects have revealed that many cell types express SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor and 121 cofactors including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine 122 protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and furin, that are involved in viral entry, suggesting 123 susceptibility of these cells to infection. 7-10 Furthermore, scRNA-seq analysis of 124 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, oropharyngeal or lung tissues from COVID-125 19 patients has identified different types of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, including 126 macrophages, neutrophils, type II pneumocytes (AT2), and ciliated and endothelial 127 cells. abstract: Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prominently manifests with pulmonary symptoms histologically reflected by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), excess inflammation, pneumocyte hyperplasia and proliferation, and formation of platelet aggregates or thromboemboli. However, the mechanisms mediating these processes remain unclear. Methods We performed multicolor staining for viral proteins, and lineage cell markers to identify SARS-CoV-2 tropism and to define the lung pathobiology in postmortem tissues from five patients with fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Findings The lung parenchyma showed severe DAD with thromboemboli in all cases. SARS-CoV-2 infection was found in an extensive range of cells including alveolar epithelial type II/pneumocyte type II (AT2) cells (HT2-280), ciliated cells (tyr--tubulin), goblet cells (MUC5AC), club-like cells (MUC5B) and endothelial cells (CD31 and CD34). Greater than 90% of infiltrating immune cells were positive for viral proteins including macrophages and monocytes (CD68 and CD163), neutrophils (ELA-2), natural killer (NK) cells (CD56), B-cells (CD19 and CD20), and T-cells (CD3{varepsilon}). Most but not all infected cells were positive for the viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The numbers of infected and ACE2-positive cells correlated with the extent of tissue damage. The infected tissues exhibited low numbers of B-cells and abundant CD3{varepsilon}+ T-cells consisting of mainly T helper cells (CD4), few cytotoxic T cells (CTL, CD8), and no T regulatory cell (FOXP3). Antigen presenting molecule HLA-DR of B and T cells was abundant in all cases. Robust interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was present in most uninfected and infected cells, with higher expression levels observed in cases with more tissue damage. Interpretation In lung tissues from severely affected COVID-19 patients, there is evidence for broad SARS-CoV-2 cell tropisms, activation of immune cells, and clearance of immunosuppressive cells, which could contribute to severe tissue damage, thromboemboli, excess inflammation and compromised adaptive immune responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.25.20195818 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20195818 id: cord-348652-7n7rnonw author: Ramos, Roberta Pulcheri title: Thrombosis and anticoagulation in COVID-19 date: 2020 words: 1024.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348652-7n7rnonw.txt summary: Therefore, in patients with COVID-19 and a high pre-test probability of thrombotic events, especially in those with disproportionate hypoxemia, D-dimer levels should not contribute to the clinical decision-making to continue the investigation, because this test is more important for excluding the disease in populations with a low prevalence of VTE (< 10%). More importantly, the determination of D-dimer levels is of little use for the diagnosis of VTE when analyzed in isolation, especially in this high-risk population, in which the positive predictive value of the test is low. (12) To date, the best approach to treat patients with COVID-19 is to underscore the approach recommended for diseases with a high thrombotic risk: performing routine thromboprophylaxis in all hospitalized patients and increasing surveillance and clinical suspicion, especially in patients with gas exchange alterations disproportionate to the degree of systemic inflammation and the radiological findings. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32696836/ doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200317 id: cord-338006-z7j6qsjs author: Ramos-Martínez, Antonio title: Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 words: 2333.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338006-z7j6qsjs.txt summary: Two patients died during hospital admission Conclusions The incidence of HAIE during COVID-19 pandemic in our institution was higher than usual. Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) is a severe complication of medical procedures that has shown a progressive increase in recent years (9) (10) (11) . Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) is a severe complication of medical procedures that has shown a progressive increase in recent years (9) (10) (11) . Our hospital has an endocarditis team composed of different specialists who actively seek out cases of IE by reviewing patients with fever (infectious disease department) and the information reported daily through microbiology (blood cultures) and cardiology (echocardiography findings). The incidence of HAIE per 1000 days of stay during the study period was 0.119 and during the months of March and April of the previous 5 years it was 0.0194 (p <0.001) According to Duke''s criteria, the first 3 cases were classified as definite IE whereas the 4 th was classified as possible IE (Table 1) . abstract: Abstract Background The COVID pandemic has had a major impact on healthcare in hospitals, including the diagnosis and treatment of infections. Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) is a severe complication of medical procedures that has shown a progressive increase in recent years. Objectives To determine whether the incidence of HAIE during the first two months of the epidemic (March-April 2020) was higher than previously observed and to describe the clinical characteristics of these cases. The probability of the studied event (HAIE) during the study period was calculated by Poisson distribution. Results Four cases of HAIE were diagnosed in our institution during the study period. The incidence of HAIE during the study period was 2/patient-month and 0.3/patient-month during the same calender months in the previous 5 years (p=0.033). Two cases presentedduring admission for COVID-19 with pulmonary involvement treated with methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. The other two cases were admitted to the hospital during the epidemic. All cases underwent central venous and urinary catheterization during admission. The etiology of HAIE was Enterococcus faecalis (2 cases), Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans (one case each). A source of infection was identified in three cases (central venous catheter, peripheral venous catheter, sternal wound infection, respectively). One patient was operated on. Two patients died during hospital admission Conclusions The incidence of HAIE during COVID-19 pandemic in our institution was higher than usual. In order to reduce the risk of this serious infection, optimal catheter care and early treatment of every local infection should be prioritized during coronavirus outbreaks. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590088920300445 doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100080 id: cord-337581-3rmrkq1k author: Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús title: Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain date: 2020-07-30 words: 6826.0 sentences: 399.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt summary: The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor''s and Master''s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The experiences found were differentiated according to the group of students, depending if they had or not practice-based subjects during the education period affected by the state of alarm, the proximity to ending their training as nurses, or if they were health professionals who were conducting post-graduate studies. abstract: The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative study was conducted during the first month of the state of alarm in Spain (from 25 March–20 April 2020). Semi-structured interviews were given to students enrolled in every academic year of the Nursing Degree, and nurses who were enrolled in the Master’s programs at two public universities. A maximum variation sampling was performed, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. The study was reported according with COREQ checklist. Thirty-two students aged from 18 to 50 years old participated in the study. The interviews lasted from 17 to 51 min. Six major themes were defined: (1) practicing care; (2) uncertainty; (3) time; (4) teaching methodologies; (5) context of confinement and added difficulties; (6) face-to-face win. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, those who live in rural areas, with work and family responsibilities and with limited electronic resources. Online education goes beyond a continuation of the face-to-face classes. Work should be done about this for the next academic year as we face an uncertain future in the short-term control of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155519 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155519 id: cord-253618-bosb7e63 author: Ramteke, Shobhana title: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: considerations for the biomedical waste sector in India date: 2020-08-01 words: 2732.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253618-bosb7e63.txt summary: During this epidemic condition, expulsion of biomedical waste created from crisis facilities treating COVID-19 patients in like manner demands unprecedented thought as they can be potential bearers of the disease SARS-CoV-2. During December 2019, a novel Beta-coronavirus temporarily named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and along these lines authoritatively renamed extreme intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), causing coronavirus ailment 2019 (or COVID19) , was related with a group of respiratory tract diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has quickly spread across main land''s [3] . From that point forward, the whole world has been found napping by the clueless increment in the number of new cases because of the exponential increment in the pace of transmission of 2019-nCoV, presently formally alluded to as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the causative operator of COVID-19 [5] . abstract: Abstract In late December 2019, the world woke to a truth of a pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), inspired by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has a place with a gathering of beta-coronavirus. As of July 21 India is still fighting to survive against the SARS-CoV-2 as called coronavirus disease. The contaminations, first constrained in the Kerala state, have inevitably spread to every single other area. The possibility to cause dangerous respiratory disappointment and quick transmission puts COVID-19 in the rundown of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). There is a flow overall break out of the novel coronavirus Covid-19, which started from Wuhan in China and has now spread to more than 212 countries including 14,753,034 cases, as of 12:20 AM on July 21, 2020. Governments are feeling the squeeze to prevent the outbreak from spiralling into a worldwide wellbeing crisis. At this stage, readiness, straightforwardness, and sharing of data are vital to hazard evaluations and starting explosion control exercises. Since the episode of serious intense respiratory disorder (SARS) 18 years back, an enormous number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been found in their regular repository have, bats. During this epidemic condition, expulsion of biomedical waste created from crisis facilities treating COVID-19 patients in like manner demands unprecedented thought as they can be potential bearers of the disease SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses the potential consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on biomedical waste administrations, concentrating on basic focuses where option working methodology or extra moderation measures might be fitting. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S266601642030027X doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100029 id: cord-267874-k6tmu5gi author: Ramírez, Ivan J. title: COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis date: 2020-05-29 words: 5173.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267874-k6tmu5gi.txt summary: Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Using geographic information systems (GIS) and bivariate correlation analyses, this study investigated COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14, 2020 to April 8, 2020 at the county-level and the wider social, economic, and health context of emergence. Other indicators, although not as frequent suggest that COVID-19 incidence overlapped with higher rates of chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, and also influenza, particularly in Denver, Morgan, and Weld counties. Social determinants such as poverty and unemployment, variables which have higher prevalence in rural areas in Colorado, were significantly and positively associated with COVID-19 case fatality rates. Some social and health determinant factors associated (not causal) with patterns of higher COVID-19-related death rates were population density and asthma hospitalization, suggestive of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. abstract: The aim of this rapid analysis was to investigate the spatial patterns of COVID-19 emergence across counties in Colorado. In the U.S. West, Colorado has the second highest number of cases and deaths, second only to California. Colorado is also reporting, like other states, that communities of color and low-income persons are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Using GIS and correlation analysis, this study explored COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14 to April 8, 2020, with social determinants and chronic conditions. Preliminary results demonstrate that COVID-19 incidence intensified in mountain communities west of Denver and along the Urban Front Range, and evolved into new centers of risk in eastern Colorado. Overall, the greatest increase in COVID-19 incidence was in northern Colorado, i.e., Weld County, which reported the highest rates in the Urban Front Range. Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Furthermore, a spatial overlap of high rates of chronic diseases with high rates of COVID-19 may suggest a broader syndemic health burden, where comorbidities intersect with inequality of social determinants of health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485854/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113856 id: cord-308860-llumyzno author: Ramón Martínez Riera, José title: ATENCIÓN DOMICILIARIA Y COVID-19. ANTES, DURANTE Y DESPUÉS DEL ESTADO DE ALARMA date: 2020-05-15 words: 3207.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308860-llumyzno.txt summary: Esta Atención Domiciliaria, desarrollada fundamentalmente desde el ámbito de la APS, ha tenido un desigual desarrollo y consideración tanto antes, como durante la implantación del Estado de Alarma ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en nuestro país, pero sin duda es una intervención que parece ajustarse a las necesidades de muchas personas, familias y de la propia comunidad ante una situación que precisa del confinamiento domiciliario de personas sanas, pero susceptibles de contagio, conviviendo con personas contagiadas y sus cuidadoras en situación de aislamiento. En cualquier caso, es importante destacar algunas las recomendaciones a tener en cuenta en la Atención Domiciliaria, pues, el seguimiento de las mismas minimiza los contagios y favorece el seguimiento de las personas contagiadas y de su familia, centradas en el rol de la persona enferma, su persona cuidadora y el resto de convivientes, así como en las condiciones de higiene de la vivienda (residuos y limpieza), en base a la guía para el manejo domiciliario del COVID-19 del Ministerio de Sanidad de España (5). abstract: Abstract In Spain, Home Care as a fundamental tool of Primary Health Care, has had uneven development both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it initially played a relevant role in the control and monitoring of infected people and their families. However, at no time it was used the desirable community perspective and community participation throughout the process as it has been successfully done in other settings. Subsequently, with the closure of health centers, it ceased to be provided in some autonomous communities, when all the attention was transferred to the hospital setting. This exacerbated hospital-centrism, to the detriment of PHC and Home Care, is showing a high contagion in healthcare professionals. The circulation of professionals in the hospitals, where the main focus of infection is concentrated, and from these to their homes is a clear risk factor. In addition, we must not forget that Home Care is of special importance for the care of people with terminal illnesses or very advanced chronic diseases (dementia, COPD ...), although always taking into account recommendations tending to extreme precautions for infection for professionals, family and caregivers. This can be adapted to the pandemic situation by using tools that digital health offers (telephone care, video calls ...). Finally, it would be very interesting that, once the crisis was over, research was carried out that allowed the incorporation of people who have been treated by the health service during the pandemic, through the technique called public participation in research projects. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1130862120302990 doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.003 id: cord-353939-vz2bpkyk author: Ranger, Amita title: Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia date: 2020-06-01 words: 693.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353939-vz2bpkyk.txt summary: title: Interleukin‐6 Blockade Treatment for COVID‐19 associated Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient with Poorly Controlled Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia There have been published case series and reports of the successful treatment of COVID-19 induced CRS with Tocilizumab 4-6 . We describe our experience of the successful treatment of a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and COVID-19 associated CRS with Tocilizumab in a district general hospital setting. Despite overall improved outcomes in haematology patients 8 We describe the successful treatment of COVID-19 associated CRS with Tocilizumab in a patient with an uncontrolled haematological malignancy. Therapies such as this have the potential to change the outcome of severe COVID-19 infection and prevent ICU admission, particularly in patients believed to be unsuitable for critical care or where there is a great demand on critical care resources. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was reported in Wuhan, China. A hyperinflammatory immune response, or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is observed in critically unwell patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 globally. Severe lymphopenia, hyperactivated pro‐inflammatory T cells(1) and decreased regulatory T cells(2) are seen in these critically ill patients, suggesting dysregulated immune responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32480422/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16901 id: cord-280561-2t72q2ba author: Rani, Uma title: Platform Work and the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-06 words: 2963.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280561-2t72q2ba.txt summary: The Online Labour Index (OLI), 2 which tracks workers and all the projects and tasks posted on the five largest English-language online web-based labour platforms, shows that since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the demand for such tasks declined globally in March 2020 before picking up by the end of April 2020 (see Fig. 1 ). In India, in contrast, both online work demand and labour supply increased in April 2020, after a slight decline during mid-March (see Fig. 3a , b). Other occupations such as creative media and clerical activities picked up in mid-May. It is possible that with the decline in revenues many companies in India are looking at online labour platforms as a substitute for on-site work (Stephany et al. Workers engaged in location-based platforms such as those providing delivery or taxi services are particularly at risk due to the nature of their work as they cannot always ensure social distancing. abstract: Platform business models emerged with the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and are conceptualized as two- or multi-sided markets, as they facilitate exchange between service providers, clients (business) and workers. This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on digital labour platforms, such as freelance online web-based platforms and location-based platforms (transportation and delivery platforms), which have grown exponentially over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed immediately some of the vulnerabilities that the workers in the platform economy were facing as they were declared as part of the ‘emergency services’, and this note explores their conditions during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00273-y doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00273-y id: cord-268126-u9z1rir1 author: Ranisch, Robert title: Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management date: 2020-10-21 words: 5328.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268126-u9z1rir1.txt summary: The viability of CT apps as a useful pandemic-response measure, depends on a complex interplay of criteria, such as pragmatic assumptions about effectiveness, the likelihood of public health benefit, technological specifications, legal requirements etc. Nevertheless, risks that cannot be easily mitigated or avoided could still be acceptable, considering the severity of a pandemic situation, the importance of effective contact tracing to manage it, and the scope of established measures to stop virus transmission. Predicting future uptake of CT apps is difficult and depends on various factors, such as the penetration range rate of digital technologies in a society, the possibility to download and use the app on different types of smartphones, the credibility of institutions offering these solutions, and viable solutions for ethical concerns such as data security. Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity tracking technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing. abstract: There is growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic management. It is crucial to consider ethical requirements before, while, and after implementing such apps. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity and multiplicity of the ethical considerations by presenting an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. Using this framework as a starting point, we briefly highlight the interconnection of social and political contexts, available measures of pandemic management, and a multi-layer assessment of CT apps. We will discuss some trade-offs that arise from this perspective. We then suggest that public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely undermine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106749/ doi: 10.1007/s10676-020-09566-8 id: cord-353465-pej4e9z0 author: Ranjan, A. title: FeverIQ - A Privacy-Preserving COVID-19 SymptomTracker with 3.6 Million Reports date: 2020-09-25 words: 3163.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353465-pej4e9z0.txt summary: Unlike other trackers, FeverIQ uses secure multiparty computation (SMC) to cryptographically guarantee user privacy while providing insights to scientists and public health efforts. To address this need while cryptographically protecting the participant''s privacy, the web application used SMC to determine four scores designed to capture the similarity of the user''s symptoms to four preconfigured ''diagnosis'' vectors: COVID-19-base, COVID-19-neuro, cold, and flu. We performed linear estimation on the inner product symptom scores for each of the four diagnosis vectors, by randomly dividing the data with complete input vectors and a reported test result into training and test sets (4:1 ratio). When we run the linear classifier on all participants who reported symptoms and provided complete input vectors, we found 3.4% were predicted positive, in line with results seen in seroprevalence surveys, such as 1.5% in Santa Clara County 24 , although publicly available positivity data vary widely. abstract: Population-scale COVID-19 management benefits from timely and honest information from billions of people. Here, we provide a first report on the FeverIQ symptom tracker, a global effort to collect symptom and test data which has received more than 3.6 million submissions. Unlike other trackers, FeverIQ uses secure multiparty computation (SMC) to cryptographically guarantee user privacy while providing insights to scientists and public health efforts. We performed basic integrity checks of the FeverIQ dataset, such as by comparing it to other publicly released data. We then trained a linear classifier on diagnosis scores which were computed securely, without unprotected symptom data ever leaving a user's phone or computer. FeverIQ is currently the world's largest application of SMC in a health context, demonstrating the practicality of privacy-preserving analytics for population-scale digital health interventions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.23.20200006v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.23.20200006 id: cord-319741-vgtd2whz author: Ranjan, Piyush title: Is excess weight a risk factor for the development of COVID 19 infection? A preliminary report from India date: 2020-09-09 words: 1253.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319741-vgtd2whz.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study explored the association between BMI and COVID-19 positive status in a tertiary care hospital from New Delhi. RESULTS: The mean BMI and the prevalence of obesity was observed to be higher in individuals who were detected to be COVID-19 RT-PCR positive as compared to those who were negative. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a dose-response association between BMI and the odds of COVID-19 infection in individuals with excess weight. Studies suggest that in comparison to COVID-19 patients with normal body weight, obese patients are more likely to be critically ill, require mechanical ventilator support, and suffer increased complications and high mortality. (1) While there is relatively good data to suggest that the course and prognosis of COVID-19 are poorer among obese patients, the association between obesity and risk of COVID-19 infection is not established conclusively. The findings of several studies suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor of protracted course and poor outcome in COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study explored the association between BMI and COVID-19 positive status in a tertiary care hospital from New Delhi. METHODS: Three hundred and seventy nine adult patients who presented to COVID-19 screening outpatient department of the hospital were interviewed over the phone regarding their body weight and height. The COVID-19 RT-PCR report of the patients was extracted from the hospital information system. RESULTS: The mean BMI and the prevalence of obesity was observed to be higher in individuals who were detected to be COVID-19 RT-PCR positive as compared to those who were negative. With every one-unit increment in BMI above 23 kg/m(2), the odds of being COVID-19 positive increased by 1.8 times among these patients. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a dose-response association between BMI and the odds of COVID-19 infection in individuals with excess weight. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.012 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.012 id: cord-026336-xdymj4dk author: Ranjan, Rajesh title: Temporal Dynamics of COVID-19 Outbreak and Future Projections: A Data-Driven Approach date: 2020-06-06 words: 3688.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026336-xdymj4dk.txt summary: Long-term predictions for an ongoing epidemic are typically performed using epidemiological models that predict the timing of the peak in infections followed by its decay using non-linear fits from the available data. For countries, which are not yet in the decline phase, these models use the peak predicted by epidemiological models but correct the infection rate to incorporate a realistic slow decline based on the trends from the recent data. Typically for an ongoing epidemic, epidemiological models estimate the underlying parameters based on fit from available data and then use simple ordinary differential equations to predict the day of the peak and the decay rate. All European countries in Table 1 except UK, where the outbreak is already in the decline phase, show a good convergence of epidemic sizes i.e., predictions from the epidemiological models are not very different as shown in the case of Italy (Fig. 3a) . abstract: Long-term predictions for an ongoing epidemic are typically performed using epidemiological models that predict the timing of the peak in infections followed by its decay using non-linear fits from the available data. The curves predicted by these methods typically follow a Gaussian distribution with a decay rate of infections similar to the climbing rate before the peak. However, as seen from the recent COVID-19 data from the US and European countries, the decay in the number of infections is much slower than their increase before the peak. Therefore, the estimates of the final epidemic size from these models are often underpredicted. In this work, we propose two data-driven models to improve the forecasts of the epidemic during its decay. These two models use Gaussian and piecewise-linear fits of the infection rate respectively during the deceleration phase, if available, to project the future course of the pandemic. For countries, which are not yet in the decline phase, these models use the peak predicted by epidemiological models but correct the infection rate to incorporate a realistic slow decline based on the trends from the recent data. Finally, a comparative study of predictions using both epidemiological and data-driven models is presented for a few most affected countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275845/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00112-y id: cord-313480-268xf8i9 author: Ransing, Ramdas title: Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World date: 2020-07-27 words: 1610.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313480-268xf8i9.txt summary: title: Infectious Disease Outbreak Related Stigma and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Drivers, Facilitators, Manifestations, and Outcomes across the World In this letter, we attempt to explore COS related factors based on the real-life experiences of a group of psychiatrists from thirteen countries using the health stigma and discrimination framework (HSDF) (Stangl et al., 2019) . Also, people who have experienced criminalization (due to breaching public health measures) may find reduced access to employment, housing, and healthcare, and may be exposed exacerbated risks for suicide and violence in the pandemic and post-pandemic period To contribute to reducing COS and its negative impact, we collated recommendations for developing interventions using the HSDF (Table 1 ) (Stangl et al., 2019) . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120316937 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.033 id: cord-354715-zofba2b4 author: Ransing, Ramdas title: Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?: Assessment options for mental health professionals date: 2020-05-26 words: 1126.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354715-zofba2b4.txt summary: A lack of specific robust screening tools or diagnostic instruments to identify relevant symptoms and attempts to study the epidemiology of COVID-19 related mental health issues using traditional assessment tools (e.g. PHQ-9, GAD-7) may lead to under-diagnosis or over-diagnosis due to their poor psychometric properties (e.g. face validity). Both the OCS and CAS can assist with identifying the maintaining factors for COVID-19 anxiety and developing interventions to tackle them. All scales were developed in the pre-peak period of the pandemic and may not be sensitive or specific enough to assess anxiety or dysfunctional thinking during peak or post-peak periods (Ransing et al., 2020) . For interventional research, the combination of scales or tools (e.g. traditional, self-report, and clinical-administered) either parallel or in a predefined sequence may be necessary to assess the change and to improve diagnostic coverage, psychometric properties, and comparative evaluation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120309326 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.049 id: cord-326849-vqpwdlj7 author: Rao US, Vishal title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19 date: 2020-05-18 words: 1827.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326849-vqpwdlj7.txt summary: The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. 1, 2, 3 About 80-85% of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus display a mild to moderate course of the disease and spontaneously recover at 14 -20 days from the point of the first contact. 14 This immunomodulatory effect of MSCs could hold the potential to manage a patient at risk of manifesting the severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. abstract: Majority of patients infected with the COVID 19 virus display a mild to moderate course of disease and spontaneously recover at 14 - 20 days,. However, about 15 % of patients progress to severe stages and 2.5% of these patients succumb to this illness. Most patients with severe disease belong to the elderly age group (< 65 years of age) and have multiple associated co-morbidities. The immune responses induced by the COVID 19 virus, during the incubation and non-severe stages, requires the early initiation of a specific adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus and prevent the progress to severe stages. In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome seen in COVID 19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to suppress overactive immune responses as well as bring about tissue regeneration and repair. This immuno-modulatory effect of MSCs could hold potential to manage a patient with severe symptoms of COVID 19 infection due to a dysfunctional adaptive immune system. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720309221?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109845 id: cord-268761-yr0n5g7i author: Rao, Chalapati title: Medical certification of cause of death for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-01 words: 875.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268761-yr0n5g7i.txt summary: To guide data recording, compilation and analysis, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published protocols for countries to notify COVID-19 individual case reports as well as aggregated data of newly confirmed cases and deaths. In practice, WHO''s International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD) includes a form for medical certification of cause of death. For COVID-19 cases, the complete sequence, along with all other conditions co-existent with COVID-19 infection at death, would be required for detailed descriptive and analytical epidemiology. Analysis of clinical sequences from the medical certification of cause of death forms with chronology can be useful to guide priorities and resource allocation for critical care management, as well as enhance our understanding of epidemiological patterns and causal pathways to mortality from COVID-19. All current epicentres of the pandemic routinely use WHO''s form for medical certification of cause of death. For better epidemic surveillance, strengthening medical certification of cause of death is needed across most countries in the world. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514191/ doi: 10.2471/blt.20.257600 id: cord-351340-7y19ystp author: Rao, Gundu H. R. title: Coronavirus Disease and Acute Vascular Events date: 2020-07-31 words: 2557.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351340-7y19ystp.txt summary: 3 On the other hand, in a study performed in COVID-19 patients in New York, with observed ST-segment elevated myocardial infraction, 64% had normal D-dimer levels according to Dr Bangalore and associates from the New York University Grossman School of Medicine. At the time of admission, COVID-19 patients reported as having at least 1 acute comorbidity: diabetes (10%-20%), hypertension (10%-15%), or other CVD and cerebrovascular diseases (7%-40%). 12 In a seminal article by Bikdeli et al, endorsed by multiple specialty societies, the authors summarize their findings in the following way: "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , a viral respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), may predispose patients to thrombotic disease, both in the venous and arterial circulations, due to excessive inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, and stasis. Elevated plasmin(ogen) seems to be a common biomarker in people with hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and cerebrovascular diseases, who are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32735130/ doi: 10.1177/1076029620929091 id: cord-334564-bqh9jkds author: Raony, Ícaro title: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health date: 2020-05-27 words: 9893.0 sentences: 464.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334564-bqh9jkds.txt summary: Since COVID-19 is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (8) , an immune signature shared with several psychiatric disorders, we propose how the relationship between SARS-CoV-2/host can possibly impair interactions between the immune, nervous and endocrine systems, leading to psychiatric symptoms. Several studies have demonstrated psychiatric manifestations in patients with MERS or SARS during the acute phase, such as increased stress levels, impaired memory, symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychoses, and suicidal behavior (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) . If the increase in cytokine levels and the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms are related to the severity of the symptoms of SARS-CoV infection, the "cytokine storm" might also be related to the "mental health thunderstorms" seen in patients with COVID-19? Similar to possible mechanisms involved in the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mental health, social isolation may also be associated with dysfunctional psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interactions, which in turn can contribute to the development or the worsening of psychiatric disturbances (Figure 2) . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impacts of the disease may be beyond the respiratory system, also affecting mental health. Several factors may be involved in the association between COVID-19 and psychiatric outcomes, such as fear inherent in the pandemic, adverse effects of treatments, as well as financial stress, and social isolation. Herein we discuss the growing evidence suggesting that the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and host may also trigger changes in brain and behavior. Based on the similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with other coronaviruses, it is conceivable that changes in endocrine and immune response in the periphery or in the central nervous system may be involved in the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and impaired mental health. This is likely to be further enhanced, since millions of people worldwide are isolated in quarantine to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and social isolation can also lead to neuroendocrine-immune changes. Accordingly, we highlight here the hypothesis that neuroendocrine-immune interactions may be involved in negative impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection and social isolation on psychiatric issues. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01170 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01170 id: cord-104441-zxxg8i1b author: Raoufi, Masoomeh title: Correlation between Chest Computed Tomography Scan Findings and Mortality of COVID-19 Cases; a Cross sectional Study date: 2020-05-14 words: 2954.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104441-zxxg8i1b.txt summary: An expert attending radiologist (with 10 years of experience), reviewed the chest CT scans of the patients for involvement and severity of each lobe, pattern of involvement (such as ground glass, consolidation, crazy paving and reverse halo), form of parenchymal involvement (such as round opacity, linear opacity and no specific form), distribution of lung abnormalities (peripheral, peribronchovascular and peri-hilar), associated findings (such as pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, mediastinal and hilar significant adenopathy and pulmonary solid nodules), severity of involvement (based on CTSS), and pulmonary artery diameter (including main pulmonary trunk (MPA), right and left pulmonary arteries (RPA and LPA)). Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Predicting the outcomes of COVID-19 cases using different clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters is one of the most interesting fields of research in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between chest computed tomography (CT) scan findings and outcomes of COVID-19 cases. METHODS: This cross sectional study was carried out on confirmed COVID-19 cases with clinical manifestations and chest CT scan findings based on Iran's National Guidelines for defining COVID-19. Baseline and chest CT scan characteristics of patients were investigated and their correlation with mortality was analyzed and reported using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: 380 patients with the mean age of 53.62 ± 16.66 years were evaluated (66.1% male). The most frequent chest CT scan abnormalities were in peripheral (86.6%) and peribronchovascular interstitium (34.6%), with ground glass pattern (54.1%), and round (53.6%) or linear (46.7%) shape. There was a significant correlation between shape of abnormalities (p = 0.003), CT scan Severity Score (CTSS) (p <0.0001), and pulmonary artery CT diameter (p = 0. 01) with mortality. The mean CTSS of non-survived cases was significantly higher (13.68 ± 4.59 versus 8.72 ± 4.42; <0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of CTSS in predicting the patients’ mortality was 0.800 (95% CI: 0.716-0.884). The best cut off point of chest CTSS in this regard was 12 with 75.82% (95% CI: 56.07%-88.98%) sensitivity and 75.78% (95% CI: 70.88%-80.10%) specificity. The mean main pulmonary artery diameter in patients with CTSS ≥ 12 was higher than cases with CTSS < 12 (27.89 ± 3.73 vs 26.24 ± 3.14 mm; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study it seems that there is a significant correlation between chest CT scan characteristics and mortality of COVID-19 cases. Patients with lower CTSS, lower pulmonary artery CT diameter, and round shape opacity had lower mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7305634/ doi: nan id: cord-322471-wt7zt6a8 author: Raparelli, Valeria title: Sex differences in clinical phenotype and transitions of care among individuals dying of COVID-19 in Italy date: 2020-10-16 words: 4039.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322471-wt7zt6a8.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to assess if sex differences exist in the clinical manifestations and transitions of care among hospitalized individuals dying with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy (February 27–June 11, 2020). As part of the surveillance activity of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità-ISS), a sex-stratified analysis was performed with the aim to look for differences in the presentation and clinical course among women and men who died with COVID-19 in Italy. To understand the complexity and the intersection of the clinical features of individuals dying from COVID-19 according to sex, a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, comorbidities, symptoms at onset, treatment received, in-hospital complications, and length of stay was performed (Fig. 1) . A recent registry-based analysis of 4842 COVID-19 Danish hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported an excess risk (on average more than 50%) of adverse outcomes, including mortality and ICU admission in men versus women regardless of age and comorbidities, questioning the central role of advanced age and multi-morbidities in explaining the male predominance [33] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the unknowns posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the role of biological sex to explain disease susceptibility and progression is still a matter of debate, with limited sex-disaggregated data available. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to assess if sex differences exist in the clinical manifestations and transitions of care among hospitalized individuals dying with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy (February 27–June 11, 2020). Clinical characteristics and the times from symptoms’ onset to admission, nasopharyngeal swab, and death were compared between sexes. Adjusted multivariate analysis was performed to identify the clinical features associated with male sex. RESULTS: Of the 32,938 COVID-19-related deaths that occurred in Italy, 3517 hospitalized and deceased individuals with COVID-19 (mean 78 ± 12 years, 33% women) were analyzed. At admission, men had a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease (adj-OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.39–2.23), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adj-OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.29–2.27), and chronic kidney disease (adj-OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.96), while women were older and more likely to have dementia (adj-OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.95) and autoimmune diseases (adj-OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.25–0.63), yet both sexes had a high level of multimorbidity. The times from symptoms’ onset to admission and nasopharyngeal swab were slightly longer in men despite a typical acute respiratory illness with more frequent fever at the onset. Men received more often experimental therapy (adj-OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.45–5.74) and experienced more likely acute kidney injury (adj-OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.13–1.90). CONCLUSIONS: Men and women dying with COVID-19 had different clinical manifestations and transitions of care. Identifying sex-specific features in individuals with COVID-19 and fatal outcome might inform preventive strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-020-00334-3 doi: 10.1186/s13293-020-00334-3 id: cord-304798-j2tyjo1j author: Rapkiewicz, Amy V. title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series date: 2020-06-25 words: 5320.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304798-j2tyjo1j.txt summary: title: Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. We counted numbers of megakaryocytes in the lungs and the hearts of 7 COVID-19 cases and, for comparison, 9 cases of patients who died with ARDS of other causes, selected as a convenience sample from autopsies previously performed at the National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2020. Previous pathology studies, identified by searching PubMed on June 7, 2020 for the terms "COVID-19 00 and "autopsy" or "histopathology", have reported findings in multiple organs, including thrombi on gross inspection, but did not use special stains to identify megakaryocytes and platelets in tissues of patients dying with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition of a prothrombotic state in COVID-19. Post-mortem examination can provide important mechanistic insights. METHODS: We present a COVID-19 autopsy series including findings in lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and bone, from a New York academic medical center. FINDINGS: In seven patients (four female), regardless of anticoagulation status, all autopsies demonstrated platelet-rich thrombi in the pulmonary, hepatic, renal, and cardiac microvasculature. Megakaryocytes were seen in higher than usual numbers in the lungs and heart. Two cases had thrombi in the large pulmonary arteries, where casts conformed to the anatomic location. Thrombi in the IVC were not found, but the deep leg veins were not dissected. Two cases had cardiac venous thrombosis with one case exhibiting septal myocardial infarction associated with intramyocardial venous thrombosis, without atherosclerosis. One case had focal acute lymphocyte-predominant inflammation in the myocardium with no virions found in cardiomyocytes. Otherwise, cardiac histopathological changes were limited to minimal epicardial inflammation (n = 1), early ischemic injury (n = 3), and mural fibrin thrombi (n = 2). Platelet-rich peri‑tubular fibrin microthrombi were a prominent renal feature. Acute tubular necrosis, and red blood cell and granular casts were seen in multiple cases. Significant glomerular pathology was notably absent. Numerous platelet-fibrin microthrombi were identified in hepatic sinusoids. All lungs exhibited diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with a spectrum of exudative and proliferative phases including hyaline membranes, and pneumocyte hyperplasia, with viral inclusions in epithelial cells and macrophages. Three cases had superimposed acute bronchopneumonia, focally necrotizing. INTERPRETATION: In this series of seven COVID-19 autopsies, thrombosis was a prominent feature in multiple organs, in some cases despite full anticoagulation and regardless of timing of the disease course, suggesting that thrombosis plays a role very early in the disease process. The finding of megakaryocytes and platelet-rich thrombi in the lungs, heart and kidneys suggests a role in thrombosis. FUNDING: None. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537020301784 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100434 id: cord-276626-ujbmukj0 author: Rascado Sedes, P. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19♦ date: 2020-04-03 words: 3894.0 sentences: 529.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276626-ujbmukj0.txt summary: En esta situación, las sociedades científicas SEMICYUC, representante de los especialistas en Medicina Intensiva, y SEEIUC, representante de las enfermeras de atención al paciente crítico, se plantean la necesidad elaborar un plan de contingencia para dar respuesta a las necesidades que conllevará esta nueva enfermedad, con los siguientes objetivos: Aportar a las autoridades y gestores sanitarios y a los clínicos un documento técnico que aborde todos los aspectos relacionados con la identificación de las necesidades asistenciales de los pacientes graves ante la pandemia del nuevo virus SARS-Cov-2, para una planificación integral y realista de los servicios de medicina intensiva a escala nacional, autonómica y en cada hospital. Así, estima el número de hospitalizaciones y fallecimientos, el número de personas hospitalizadas, el número de pacientes que requieren atención en la UCI, el número de estos que requieren ventilación mecánica y el grado de saturación de los servicios disponibles para atenderlas. • Los pacientes con COVID-19 críticos deben ser atendidos en una UCI por especialistas en medicina intensiva. abstract: Resumen En enero de 2020 China identificó un nuevo virus de la familia de los Coronaviridae como causante de varios casos de neumonía de origen desconocido. Inicialmente confinado a la ciudad de Wuhan, se extendió posteriormente fuera de las fronteras chinas. En España, el primer caso se declaró el 31 de enero de 2020. El 11 de marzo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el brote de coronavirus como pandemia. El 16 de marzo había 139 países afectados. Ante esta situación, las Sociedades Científicas SEMICYUC y SEEIUC han decidido la elaboración de este plan de contingencia para dar respuesta a las necesidades que conllevará esta nueva enfermedad. Se pretende estimar la magnitud del problema e identificar las necesidades asistenciales, de recursos humanos y materiales, de manera que los servicios de medicina intensiva del país tengan una herramienta que les permita una planificación óptima y realista con que responder a la pandemia. Abstract In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130239920300377?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.enfi.2020.03.001 id: cord-329821-psv2kvfa author: Rascado Sedes, P. title: Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID-19() date: 2020-04-23 words: 3488.0 sentences: 511.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329821-psv2kvfa.txt summary: En esta situación, las sociedades científicas SEMICYUC, representante de los especialistas en medicina intensiva, y SEEIUC, representante de las enfermeras de atención al paciente crítico, se plantean la necesidad elaborar un plan de contingencia para dar respuesta a las necesidades que conllevará esta nueva enfermedad, con los siguientes objetivos: 1. Aportar a las autoridades y gestores sanitarios y a los clínicos un documento técnico que aborde todos los aspectos relacionados con la identificación de las necesidades asistenciales de los pacientes graves ante la pandemia del nuevo virus SARS-CoV-2, para una planificación integral y realista de los servicios de medicina intensiva a escala nacional, autonómica y en cada hospital. • Los pacientes con COVID-19 críticos deben ser atendidos en una UCI por especialistas en medicina intensiva. En cuanto a la protección respiratoria, hacemos las siguientes recomendaciones 14 Plan de contingencia para los servicios de medicina intensiva frente a la pandemia COVID19 5 • Los casos confirmados y en investigación deben llevar, si es posible, mascarillas quirúrgicas. abstract: In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0210569120300954 doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.03.006 id: cord-298440-0pb8ssj2 author: Rascón-Ramírez, Fernando J title: Supra and infratentorial massive strokes in previously healthy young patients with SARS-CoV-2. The role of neurosurgery date: 2020-09-06 words: 1428.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298440-0pb8ssj2.txt summary: COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease; COVID-19; Coronavirus; stroke; decompressive craniectomy; Cerebellar; SARS-CoV-2. We present two massive supra and infratentorial strokes in people of young age with no known risk factors and with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), requiring Endotracheal Intubation (ETI). COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has amazed by its distinct forms of presentation and severity. COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). We hypothesize that ischemic events are usually the result of the combined process of a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant state plus vascular endothelial dysfunction probably potentiated by hypoxia, hemodynamic instability, and immobilization, as reported in other cases. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. Decompressive surgery remains a life-saving maneuver in these patients (as in other non-COVID-19 strokes) and requires further investigation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130147320300981?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.neucir.2020.08.001 id: cord-301035-dz8642qx author: Rasheed, Jawad title: A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Approaches in Supporting Frontline Workers and Decision Makers for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-10 words: 6129.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301035-dz8642qx.txt summary: As the pandemic has caused great disruption to normal day-to-day operations and created a sense of unknown amongst the public, many motivated scientists and citizens have tried to assist in the COVID-19 response by developing their own unique AI-based tools to solve a large number of problems, in a variety of applied domains, such as: COIVD-19 disease detection and classification, mortality rate prediction and severity assessment, outbreak forecasting and tracking, biological insight of SARS-Cov-2 strain, and drug discovery. The investigation of this paper reveals several AI-based approaches that have been proposed as potential ways to help, with the COVID-19 pandemic, covering everything from initial diagnoses via image diagnostics up to the presentation of models that help to understand the spread of COVID-19 and identify potential new outbreak areas. Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Pneumonia based on Generative Adversarial Networks and a Fine-Tuned Deep Transfer Learning Model using Chest X-ray Dataset abstract: While the world has experience with many different types of infectious diseases, the current crisis related to the spread of COVID-19 has challenged epidemiologists and public health experts alike, leading to a rapid search for, and development of, new and innovative solutions to combat its spread. The transmission of this virus has infected more than 18.92 million people as of August 6, 2020, with over half a million deaths across the globe; the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this a global pandemic. A multidisciplinary approach needs to be followed for diagnosis, treatment and tracking, especially between medical and computer sciences, so, a common ground is available to facilitate the research work at a faster pace. With this in mind, this survey paper aimed to explore and understand how and which different technological tools and techniques have been used within the context of COVID-19. The primary contribution of this paper is in its collation of the current state-of-the-art technological approaches applied to the context of COVID-19, and doing this in a holistic way, covering multiple disciplines and different perspectives. The analysis is widened by investigating Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches for the diagnosis, anticipate infection and mortality rate by tracing contacts and targeted drug designing. Moreover, the impact of different kinds of medical data used in diagnosis, prognosis and pandemic analysis is also provided. This review paper covers both medical and technological perspectives to facilitate the virologists, AI researchers and policymakers while in combating the COVID-19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071481/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110337 id: cord-033820-3u3uybnt author: Rashid, Alina title: Pandemic anxiety and its correlates among young doctors working frontline in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 2833.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033820-3u3uybnt.txt summary: Shortage and excessive reuse of personal protective equipment, direct exposure to the disease, concern for personal safety, fear and apprehension of being a probable disease carrier for families, physical distancing from loved ones, long working hours, and increased organizational responsibility altered the quality of life for doctors working frontline toward pandemic in COVID wards. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect on psychological health, personal and social life, and increased professional demands have been some of the major challenges and threats faced by young doctors working frontline toward the pandemic. Therefore, this study explores what it means for young doctors in Pakistan to work frontline toward pandemic, to get in-depth understanding into their psychological, personal, social and occupational state. This study explored how working frontline in the wake of COVID-19 translated for young resident doctors and what effect it had on their personal, professional, psychological, and social life. abstract: BACKGROUND: The study explores the challenges and threats young doctors in Pakistan working frontline toward the pandemic face, and how it translates into their personal and social lives. METHODS: Thirteen resident doctors working frontline with COVID-19 cases were approached and interviewed in-depth until the point of data saturation. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used as a method for analysis. RESULTS: Four themes emerged in the analysis: pandemic anxiety, organizational lack of readiness for change, impact on interpersonal relationships, and commitment to service. Young doctors experienced psychological distress, and emotional vulnerability due to the challenges and concerns faced by them in the wake of COVID-19. Shortage and excessive reuse of personal protective equipment, direct exposure to the disease, concern for personal safety, fear and apprehension of being a probable disease carrier for families, physical distancing from loved ones, long working hours, and increased organizational responsibility altered the quality of life for doctors working frontline toward pandemic in COVID wards. Doctors who received appreciation and support by families reported improved filial bonds. CONCLUSION: The adverse effect on psychological health, personal and social life, and increased professional demands have been some of the major challenges and threats faced by young doctors working frontline toward the pandemic. However, unconditional love and support from family and community has proven to reduce pandemic anxiety among doctors. Furthermore, the sense of compassion and the satisfaction in service to community has kept doctors devoted to fight against pandemic 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562785/ doi: 10.1017/gmh.2020.22 id: cord-351083-3oy7zuy9 author: Rashid, Sabina Faiz title: Towards a socially just model: balancing hunger and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh date: 2020-06-01 words: 2147.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351083-3oy7zuy9.txt summary: ► Responsive and timely research is needed to better understand the challenges faced by poor and vulnerable populations to inform immediate interventions and policies to address this unprecedented COVID-19 modern-day pandemic. ► In the context of COVID-19, the lockdown model is being imported from a different context (western or developed economies) with stronger economic bases and better social safety nets for those in need, but is there a better way forward for low resource contexts? While there is no easy solution or strategy, for Bangladesh and its high proportion of vulnerable populations, continuation of the shutdown has to be accompanied with strong political resolve to ensure that people do not go without food BMJ Global Health and have basic health information and support, given the grounded realities of their lives. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002715 id: cord-122159-sp6o6h31 author: Raskar, Ramesh title: COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Mobile Apps: Evaluation and Assessment for Decision Makers date: 2020-06-04 words: 6031.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt txt: ./txt/cord-122159-sp6o6h31.txt summary: By comparing the device users'' location trails or the anonymous ID tokens they have collected with those from people who have COVID-19, one can identify others who have been near the person who is infected; this facilitates contact tracing in a more accurate and timely manner than the traditional manual approach. • An authority (public health official, healthcare provider, government official) collects the location history from the person who is infected and makes it available to users of the app. For this reason, we are building not only a contact-tracing app, but also Safe Places, a web-based tool for public health officials working to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. • Fostering trust • Developing key partnerships, including with community officials who can help drive local support for the solution • Creating solutions that meet the needs of public health officials responding to the pandemic • Focusing on the needs of the users • Providing value to the user during a contact-tracing interview even if they choose not to download the app before they have been diagnosed with COVID-19 abstract: A number of groups, from governments to non-profits, have quickly acted to innovate the contact-tracing process: they are designing, building, and launching contact-tracing apps in response to the COVID-19 crisis. A diverse range of approaches exist, creating challenging choices for officials looking to implement contact-tracing technology in their community and raising concerns about these choices among citizens asked to participate in contact tracing. We are frequently asked how to evaluate and differentiate between the options for contact-tracing applications. Here, we share the questions we ask about app features and plans when reviewing the many contact-tracing apps appearing on the global stage. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05812v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-274007-zndtddty author: Rasmussen, Sonja A. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: what obstetricians need to know date: 2020-02-24 words: 5912.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274007-zndtddty.txt summary: For Middle East respiratory syndrome, there were 13 case reports in pregnant women, of which 2 were asymptomatic, identified as part of a contact investigation; 3 patients (23%) died. Principles of management of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy, avoidance of fluid overload, consideration of empiric antibiotics (secondary to bacterial infection risk), laboratory testing for the virus and coinfection, fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations. General principles regarding management of COVID-10 during pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, testing for SARS-CoV-2 and coinfection, oxygen therapy as needed, avoidance of fluid overload, empiric antibiotics (because of secondary bacterial infection risk), fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations (Box 2). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging disease with a rapid increase in cases and deaths since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Limited data are available about coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy; however, information on illnesses associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (ie, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndrome) might provide insights into coronavirus disease 2019’s effects during pregnancy. Coronaviruses cause illness ranging in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory illness and death. Currently the primary epidemiologic risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 include travel from mainland China (especially Hubei Province) or close contact with infected individuals within 14 days of symptom onset. Data suggest an incubation period of ∼5 days (range, 2–14 days). Average age of hospitalized patients has been 49–56 years, with a third to half with an underlying illness. Children have been rarely reported. Men were more frequent among hospitalized cases (54–73%). Frequent manifestations include fever, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. Abnormal testing includes abnormalities on chest radiographic imaging, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Initial reports suggest that acute respiratory distress syndrome develops in 17–29% of hospitalized patients. Overall case fatality rate appears to be ∼1%; however, early data may overestimate this rate. In 2 reports describing 18 pregnancies with coronavirus disease 2019, all were infected in the third trimester, and clinical findings were similar to those in nonpregnant adults. Fetal distress and preterm delivery were seen in some cases. All but 2 pregnancies were cesarean deliveries and no evidence of in utero transmission was seen. Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome in pregnancy are sparse. For severe acute respiratory syndrome, the largest series of 12 pregnancies had a case-fatality rate of 25%. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome in 4, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in 3, renal failure in 3, secondary bacterial pneumonia in 2, and sepsis in 2 patients. Mechanical ventilation was 3 times more likely among pregnant compared with nonpregnant women. Among 7 first-trimester infections, 4 ended in spontaneous abortion. Four of 5 women with severe acute respiratory syndrome after 24 weeks’ gestation delivered preterm. For Middle East respiratory syndrome, there were 13 case reports in pregnant women, of which 2 were asymptomatic, identified as part of a contact investigation; 3 patients (23%) died. Two pregnancies ended in fetal demise and 2 were born preterm. No evidence of in utero transmission was seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome or Middle East respiratory syndrome. Currently no coronavirus-specific treatments have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Because coronavirus disease 2019 might increase the risk for pregnancy complications, management should optimally be in a health care facility with close maternal and fetal monitoring. Principles of management of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy include early isolation, aggressive infection control procedures, oxygen therapy, avoidance of fluid overload, consideration of empiric antibiotics (secondary to bacterial infection risk), laboratory testing for the virus and coinfection, fetal and uterine contraction monitoring, early mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure, individualized delivery planning, and a team-based approach with multispecialty consultations. Information on coronavirus disease 2019 is increasing rapidly. Clinicians should continue to follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website to stay up to date with the latest information (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937820301976 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.017 id: cord-342517-bzmhjvr5 author: Rassouli, Maryam title: COVID-19 Management in Iran as One of the Most Affected Countries in the World: Advantages and Weaknesses date: 2020-09-15 words: 2281.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342517-bzmhjvr5.txt summary: This report explores the advantages and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the management of this crisis in regard with political economic and cultural issues, health service coverage, and the transparency of information that can be used as a model for other countries around the world. Considering the fact that using global experience, especially in times of crisis, is one of the best crisis management mechanisms, a review of the strengths and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the COVID-19 management covering the political-economic aspects, Health services coverage, cultural aspect, and the transparency of information can be used as a model by other involved countries, while at the same time benefiting from the strategies of countries with similar experiences. abstract: COVID-19 management is a hot topic due to its extensive spread across the world and the declaration of pandemic status. How a crisis is managed in each country is influenced by several factors, and various strategies are applied in accordance with these factors in order to manage the crisis. Due to the rapid spread and increasing trend of the crisis and the fact that almost more than half of the countries are engaged in this pandemic, it is impossible to apply trial-and-error based strategies. One of the best strategies is to use the experiences of other countries in dealing with COVID-19. This report explores the advantages and weaknesses of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the management of this crisis in regard with political economic and cultural issues, health service coverage, and the transparency of information that can be used as a model for other countries around the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072688/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00510 id: cord-306149-sd0s0jup author: Ratanarat, Ranistha title: Critical Care Management of Patients with COVID-19: Early Experience in Thailand date: 2020-05-18 words: 3095.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306149-sd0s0jup.txt summary: Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also have promising experience with the "Kigali modification of the Berlin definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)" in the early detection and management of COVID-19 patients. In Thailand, awaiting definitive results of randomized clinical trials, critically ill COVID-19 patients receive combination therapies with at least three different mechanisms of action, including favipiravir for 10 days, depending on clinical symptoms. Respiratory support in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, with a focus on resource-limited settings abstract: Since late December 2019, the world has been challenged with an outbreak of COVID-19. In Thailand, an upper middle–income country with a limited healthcare infrastructure and restricted human resources, nearly 3,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported as of early May 2020. Public health policies aimed at preventing new COVID-19 cases were very effective in halting the pandemic in Thailand. Case fatality in Thailand has been low (1.7%), at least in part due to early stratification according to risk of disease severity and timely initiation of supportive care with affordable measures. We present our initial experience with COVID-19 in Thailand, focusing on several aspects that may have played a crucial role in curtailment of the pandemic, and elements of care for severely ill COVID-19 patients, including stratification, isolation, and affordable diagnostic approaches and supportive care measures. We also discuss local considerations concerning some proposed experimental treatments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32431287/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0442 id: cord-276204-ibmnuj5u author: Ratten, Vanessa title: Covid-19 and entrepreneurship education: Implications for advancing research and practice date: 2020-10-20 words: 7877.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276204-ibmnuj5u.txt summary: Due to the large global impact COVID-19 has had on society, new entrepreneurial education management practices are required to deal with the change. A recent review article on entrepreneurship research by Ferreira, Fernandes and Kraus (2020 found that entrepreneurial principles can be analysed in many different ways depending on the environmental context including health, technology and social-related concerns. In this commentary, we explore the way to encourage entrepreneurial intention in students by focusing on the effects of COVID-19 on entrepreneurship education. Given that the global management education environment has significantly changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the content of entrepreneurship education programs varies with some valuing a practical and immersive experience more than others. Measuring the impact of business management student''s attitudes towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. abstract: This article aims at critically examining the linkage between entrepreneurship education and COVID-19 in order to help understand future research and practice paths. Due to the large global impact COVID-19 has had on society, new entrepreneurial education management practices are required to deal with the change. To do this, this article discusses why COVID-19 can be a transformational opportunity for entrepreneurship education research due to the new thought processes raised by the pandemic. The article suggests several assumptions that have changed as a result of COVID-19 and how entrepreneurship education is required in order to help solve the pandemic. By doing this, the article suggests that more entrepreneurship education research embedding a COVID-19 context is required to breakthrough new frontiers and reset the research agenda. By taking an entrepreneurial stakeholder perspective that looks at entrepreneurship education as a holistic process, an enhanced analysis of how response mechanisms including recovery and change are conducted can be made. This enables a way to view the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity for more attention placed on the importance of entrepreneurship education for society. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472811720303992?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100432 id: cord-267296-u4svwcpt author: Rauch, Antoine title: Endotheliopathy Is Induced by Plasma From Critically Ill Patients and Associated With Organ Failure in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 words: 1318.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267296-u4svwcpt.txt summary: 4 We further investigated the association of plasma-induced cytotoxicity with levels of circulating biomarkers related to organ dysfunction (Pao 2 [partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood]/Fio 2 [fraction of inspired oxygen], widely used as an indicator of oxygenation requirements, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and aspartate transaminase), endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor antigen; ADAMTS13; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; syndecan-1), tissue injury (cell-free DNA, a damage-associated molecular patterns marker), and levels of circulating cytokines related to the activation of innate (interleukin [IL]-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and adaptative immune cell responses (soluble IL-2 receptor). Overall, the degree of vascular endothelial cell injury induced by plasma sampled from patients with COVID-19 correlated to both clinical illness severity at admission and the levels of biomarkers related to endothelial injury, tissue injury, and proinflammatory cytokines. Our data shed new light on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 by demonstrating the direct and rapid cytotoxic effect of plasma collected from critically ill patients on vascular endothelial cells. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32970476/ doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050907 id: cord-277936-0ytk77fm author: Rauscher, E. title: Lower State COVID-19 Deaths and Cases with Earlier School Closure in the U.S. date: 2020-05-13 words: 833.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277936-0ytk77fm.txt summary: 1,2 Reviews find early school closures can slow influenza transmission when infection rates are higher among children than adults. Using state-ordered school closure dates for each state from EdWeek, time to school closure is the number of days from when the state reached 100 cases until schools were closed. Variation in state prevalence rates on March 13 (zero to 6.6 cases/100,000) allows examination of the relationship between COVID-19 spread and school closure timing. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096594 doi: medRxiv preprint additional day before schools closed (p<0.01). This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. Although COVID-19 has higher symptomatic infection rates among the elderly 6 , earlier school closure is still related to fewer deaths per capita and slower growth in deaths per capita. abstract: This study quantifies the relationship between school closure timing and COVID-19 deaths and cases in the general population in all U.S. states. COVID-19 has higher symptomatic infection rates among the elderly, suggesting school closures could be unrelated to transmission. However, predicting daily cumulative COVID-19 deaths by state, earlier school closure is related to fewer deaths per capita and slower growth in deaths per capita. Results are similar for COVID-19 cases per capita. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096594 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096594 id: cord-286526-3070a2cy author: Raval, Jay S. title: Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? date: 2020-05-22 words: 414.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286526-3070a2cy.txt summary: title: Viscoelastic testing in COVID‐19: a possible screening tool for severe disease? The patient was placed on 7500 units of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin every 8 hours for thrombosis prevention based on his critical illness and viscoelastic testing results. These preliminary findings suggest that viscoelastic testing may have a role in rapidly identifying patients with severe COVID-19. Other viscoelastic methods of assessing clot firmness could also be used in COVID-19, such as thromboelastography and resonance sonorheometry. 8, 9 Measuring D-dimer or fibrinogen concentrations could assess this pathologic phenomenon if viscoelastic testing was unavailable. 10, 11 The utility of viscoelastic testing in COVID-19 needs to be further assessed to better understand the usefulness and limitations of this technology in these critically ill patients with a hypercoagulable state. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a pooled analysis Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15847 doi: 10.1111/trf.15847 id: cord-274498-fa16vl9i author: Ravioli, Svenja title: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases date: 2020-05-17 words: 1011.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274498-fa16vl9i.txt summary: title: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis in COVID-19 pneumonia: report of two cases We report the first two cases of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis complicating COVID-19 pneumonia. We describe the first two cases of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. On the basis of hypo-osmolar hyponatraemia, a decreased serum urea level of 3.3 mmol/L, normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels together with a high urine osmolality as well as a urine sodium >30 mmol/L in this euvolaemic patient not taking diuretics, the diagnosis of SIADH due to COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 around the world and the resulting disease COVID-19 led to a high number of cases with severe pneumonia. In conclusion, we report the first two cases of SIADH in COVID-19 pneumonia, showing a new complication of this emerging infectious disease. abstract: The emergence of the novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 leads to a high number of cases of severe pneumonia. So far, little is known about the course of the disease and its symptoms, complications and treatment. We report the first two cases of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis complicating COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32695328/ doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa080 id: cord-321990-z83c4e47 author: Ravioli, Svenja title: COVID-19 screening in outpatients with risk factors and healthcare workers date: 2020-07-17 words: 310.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321990-z83c4e47.txt summary: A total of 344 (45%) tests were carried out in HCWs, including 26 with additional risk factors, while 414 (55%) were carried out in PRFs. The mean age of HCWs was 39 years (±17 years) and 254 (74%) were female. In total 44 (5.8%) tests were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 17 (5%) in HCWs and 27 (6.5%) in PRFs. Throughout March 2020 the rate of positive tests increased continuously, correlating with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. After screening, all persons were initially managed as outpatients, 7 persons with positive test results, 1 HCW and 6 PRFs, needed hospitalization during the course of the disease (0.92%), 6 recovered well, while 1 person is still critically ill and requires intensive care treatment and mechanical ventilation. The present analysis confirms the rise in prevalence of positive tests correlating with the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland. Interestingly, the hospitalization rate in the screening population remained relatively low even though the majority of positive test results occurred in PRFs. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01714-w doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01714-w id: cord-262787-3a3c8ee1 author: Ray, Debashree title: Predictions, role of interventions and effects of a historic national lockdown in India''s response to the COVID-19 pandemic: data science call to arms date: 2020-04-18 words: 7829.0 sentences: 429.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262787-3a3c8ee1.txt summary: Objective: To study the shortand long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people''s adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. abstract: Importance: India has taken strong and early public health measures for arresting the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. With only 536 COVID-19 cases and 11 fatalities, India - a democracy of 1.34 billion people - took the historic decision of a 21-day national lockdown on March 25. The lockdown was further extended to May 3, soon after the analysis of this paper was completed. Objective: To study the short- and long-term impact of an initial 21-day lockdown on the total number of COVID-19 cases in India compared to other less severe non-pharmaceutical interventions using epidemiological forecasting models and Bayesian estimation algorithms; to compare effects of hypothetical durations of lockdown from an epidemiological perspective; to study alternative explanations for slower growth rate of the virus outbreak in India, including exploring the association of the number of cases and average monthly temperature; and finally, to outline the pivotal role of reliable and transparent data, reproducible data science methods, tools and products as we reopen the country and prepare for a post lock-down phase of the pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: We use the daily data on the number of COVID-19 cases, of recovered and of deaths from March 1 until April 7, 2020 from the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Visual Dashboard operated by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU CSSE). Additionally, we use COVID-19 incidence counts data from Kaggle and the monthly average temperature of major cities across the world from Wikipedia. Main Outcome and Measures: The current time-series data on daily proportions of cases and removed (recovered and death combined) from India are analyzed using an extended version of the standard SIR (susceptible, infected, and removed) model. The eSIR model incorporates time-varying transmission rates that help us predict the effect of lockdown compared to other hypothetical interventions on the number of cases at future time points. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation of this model provided predicted proportions of the cases at future time points along with credible intervals (CI). Results: Our predicted cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in India on April 30 assuming a 1-week delay in people's adherence to a 21-day lockdown (March 25 - April 14) and a gradual, moderate resumption of daily activities after April 14 is 9,181 with upper 95% CI of 72,245. In comparison, the predicted cumulative number of cases under "no intervention" and "social distancing and travel bans without lockdown" are 358 thousand and 46 thousand (upper 95% CI of nearly 2.3 million and 0.3 million) respectively. An effective lockdown can prevent roughly 343 thousand (upper 95% CI 1.8 million) and 2.4 million (upper 95% CI 38.4 million) COVID-19 cases nationwide compared to social distancing alone by May 15 and June 15, respectively. When comparing a 21-day lockdown with a hypothetical lockdown of longer duration, we find that 28-, 42-, and 56-day lockdowns can approximately prevent 238 thousand (upper 95% CI 2.3 million), 622 thousand (upper 95% CI 4.3 million), 781 thousand (upper 95% CI 4.6 million) cases by June 15, respectively. We find some suggestive evidence that the COVID-19 incidence rates worldwide are negatively associated with temperature in a crude unadjusted analysis with Pearson correlation estimates [95% confidence interval] between average monthly temperature and total monthly incidence around the world being -0.185 [-0.548, 0.236] for January, -0.110 [-0.362, 0.157] for February, and -0.173 [-0.314, -0.026] for March. Conclusions and Relevance: The lockdown, if implemented correctly in the end, has a high chance of reducing the total number of COVID-19 cases in the short term, and buy India invaluable time to prepare its healthcare and disease monitoring system. Our analysis shows we need to have some measures of suppression in place after the lockdown for the best outcome. We cannot heavily rely on the hypothetical prevention governed by meteorological factors such as temperature based on current evidence. From an epidemiological perspective, a longer lockdown between 42-56 days is preferable. However, the lockdown comes at a tremendous price to social and economic health through a contagion process not dissimilar to that of the coronavirus itself. Data can play a defining role as we design post-lockdown testing, reopening and resource allocation strategies. Software: Our contribution to data science includes an interactive and dynamic app (covind19.org) with short- and long-term projections updated daily that can help inform policy and practice related to COVID-19 in India. Anyone can visualize the observed data for India and create predictions under hypothetical scenarios with quantification of uncertainties. We make our prediction codes freely available (https://github.com/umich-cphds/cov-ind-19) for reproducible science and for other COVID-19 affected countries to use them for their prediction and data visualization work. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067256 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067256 id: cord-354096-x2skguz8 author: Ray, Pradipta R. title: A pharmacological interactome between COVID-19 patient samples and human sensory neurons reveals potential drivers of neurogenic pulmonary dysfunction date: 2020-06-01 words: 6354.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354096-x2skguz8.txt summary: We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in immune cell-derived factors that then interact with receptors expressed by the sensory neuronal innervation of the lung to further promote important aspects of disease severity, including ARDS. We sought to quantify how immune cells might interact with sensory innervation of the lung in COVID-19 using published data from patients, existing RNA sequencing datasets from human dorsal root ganglion neurons and other sources, and a genome-wide ligand-receptor pair database curated for pharmacological interactions relevant for neuro-immune interactions. Additionally, we found that upregulation of transcription factor genes in COVID-19 samples identifies transcription factors associated with alveolar cell types (EHF, PAX9, ELF3, GHRL2) and immune cells (RFX3, SOX5, TP63, HOPX) with functions including regulation of antiviral pathways (NR3C2), based on ARCHS4 database (Lachmann et al., 2018) and the Enrichr gene set enrichment analysis tool (Kuleshov et al., 2016) (Supplementary Table 2 ). abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells of the airway and lungs in humans causing the disease COVID-19. This disease is characterized by cough, shortness of breath, and in severe cases causes pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which can be fatal. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma from mild and severe cases of COVID-19 have been profiled using protein measurements and bulk and single cell RNA sequencing. Onset of pneumonia and ARDS can be rapid in COVID-19, suggesting a potential neuronal involvement in pathology and mortality. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes in immune cell-derived factors that then interact with receptors expressed by the sensory neuronal innervation of the lung to further promote important aspects of disease severity, including ARDS. We sought to quantify how immune cells might interact with sensory innervation of the lung in COVID-19 using published data from patients, existing RNA sequencing datasets from human dorsal root ganglion neurons and other sources, and a genome-wide ligand-receptor pair database curated for pharmacological interactions relevant for neuro-immune interactions. Our findings reveal a landscape of ligand-receptor interactions in the lung caused by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and point to potential interventions to reduce the burden of neurogenic inflammation in COVID-19 pulmonary disease. In particular, our work highlights opportunities for clinical trials with existing or under development rheumatoid arthritis and other (e.g. CCL2, CCR5 or EGFR inhibitors) drugs to treat high risk or severe COVID-19 cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S088915912030670X doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.078 id: cord-276132-tv5y1eqc author: Ray, Upasana title: COVID-19: The Impact in Oncology Care date: 2020-10-23 words: 5696.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276132-tv5y1eqc.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a critical challenge to the current oncology care and practices including late diagnoses, delayed anti-cancer treatment, and static clinical trials. Delaying anti-cancer treatment in the ongoing pandemic cannot be recommended as a sensible choice to reduce the associated infection risk in patients. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that in cancer patients diagnosed with the infection, the immunosuppressive therapies should be withheld until the symptoms resolve like complete remission of fever without use of antipyretics along with a negative COVID-19 test. Nevertheless, contact limitation and physical distancing guidelines continue to be an important part of the cancer treatment strategies during the pandemic in order to protect the patients, health-care personnel and non-COVID-19 patients being treated in the same organization. A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an international collaborative group Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a critical challenge to the current oncology care and practices including late diagnoses, delayed anti-cancer treatment, and static clinical trials. With the increasing risk of cancer patients acquiring infection during receiving the essential care, the debate ensues on how to balance the risk factors and benefits out of the oncologic emergencies in cancer patients. In this review article, we have focused on the current global re-organization of the integrity and effectiveness of the treatment modalities depending on the patient and cancer-specific urgencies while minimizing exposure to the infection. In this review, we addressed how the worldwide oncology community is united to share therapy schemes and the best possible guidelines to help cancer patients, and to strategize and execute therapy/trial protocols. This review provides collective knowledge on the current re-structuring of the general framework that prioritizes cancer care with the available exploitation of the reduced resources and most importantly the unparalleled levels of companionship as a large health care community towards the need to offer the best possible care to the patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134842/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00592-7 id: cord-025557-hxn46xnn author: Rayment, Erica title: Pandemic Parliaments: Canadian Legislatures in a Time of Crisis date: 2020-05-15 words: 2115.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025557-hxn46xnn.txt summary: Through an analysis of parliamentary records from all elected federal, provincial and territorial legislatures in Canada, we find that the role of parliaments as sites of citizen representation has suffered the most, whereas the scrutinizing and legislative functions of parliaments have tended to be preserved, albeit in a significantly truncated form. Through an analysis of parliamentary records from all elected federal, provincial and territorial legislatures in Canada, we find that the role of parliaments as sites of citizen representation has suffered the most, whereas the scrutinizing and legislative functions of parliaments have tended to be preserved, albeit in a significantly truncated form. To assess the extent to which these three functions of parliament have been affected, we gathered data for several key indicators: the number of meeting days since the declaration of an emergency, whether the meeting was conducted with a reduced number of legislators, whether the legislation passed, and whether question period has continued. abstract: Canadian legislatures’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have raised questions about whether and how parliaments should continue to meet during the pandemic (Reid, 2020; Thomas, 2020a). The purpose of this research note is twofold: (1) to document how Canadian legislatures have changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to assess the effect of these responses on legislatures’ ability to fulfill their core functions. Through an analysis of parliamentary records from all elected federal, provincial and territorial legislatures in Canada, we find that the role of parliaments as sites of citizen representation has suffered the most, whereas the scrutinizing and legislative functions of parliaments have tended to be preserved, albeit in a significantly truncated form. We argue that patterns in legislatures' varied responses to the pandemic reveal which aspects of parliamentary functioning these bodies de facto prioritize and which are at risk of being eroded. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256419/ doi: 10.1017/s0008423920000499 id: cord-312861-6ayidmj3 author: Rayner, Craig R. title: Accelerating Clinical Evaluation of Repurposed Combination Therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-21 words: 1999.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312861-6ayidmj3.txt summary: As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, unabated and clinical trials demonstrate limited effective pharmaceutical interventions, there is a pressing need to accelerate treatment evaluations. As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, unabated and clinical trials demonstrate limited effective pharmaceutical interventions, there is a pressing need to accelerate treatment evaluations. We describe a clinical evaluation strategy using adaptive combination platform trials to rapidly test combination therapies to treat COVID-19. We describe a clinical evaluation strategy using adaptive combination platform trials to rapidly test combination therapies to treat COVID-19. Instead of sequentially testing monotherapies that will likely have modest clinical effects on their own, additive or synergistic effects can potentially be gained by combining antiviral drugs exploiting pharmacology throughout the spectrum of COVID-19 illness. 5, 6 This low success rate might be due to the fact that the majority of COVID-19 clinical trials (87%) are evaluating repurposed drugs as monotherapy. abstract: As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues, unabated and clinical trials demonstrate limited effective pharmaceutical interventions, there is a pressing need to accelerate treatment evaluations. Among options for accelerated development is the evaluation of drug combinations in the absence of prior monotherapy data. This approach is appealing for a number of reasons. First, combining two or more drugs with related or complementary therapeutic effects permits a multipronged approach addressing the variable pathways of the disease. Second, if an individual component of a combination offers a therapeutic effect, then in the absence of antagonism, a trial of combination therapy should still detect individual efficacy. Third, this strategy is time saving. Rather than taking a stepwise approach to evaluating monotherapies, this strategy begins with testing all relevant therapeutic options. Finally, given the severity of the current pandemic and the absence of treatment options, the likelihood of detecting a treatment effect with combination therapy maintains scientific enthusiasm for evaluating repurposed treatments. Antiviral combination selection can be facilitated by insights regarding SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and cell cycle dynamics, supported by infectious disease and clinical pharmacology expert advice. We describe a clinical evaluation strategy using adaptive combination platform trials to rapidly test combination therapies to treat COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828137/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0995 id: cord-302842-idbmh1uo author: Raza, Ali title: Association between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan date: 2020-10-14 words: 5066.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302842-idbmh1uo.txt summary: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The contribution of this study is (a) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in Pakistan, (b) it first time examined the relationship between meteorological indicators and COVID-19 in four provinces and three administrative units in Pakistan, and (c) it used the generalized models to investigate the impact of average temperature, rainfall, and humidity on COVID-19 cases. A higher correlation coefficient was observed between temperature (minimum, maximum, and Fig. 11 Humidity in provinces and administrative areas Environ Sci Pollut Res average) and COVID-19 cases for all provinces and administrative units (Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir). abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of meteorological indicators (temperature, rainfall, and humidity) on total COVID-19 cases in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units from March 10, 2020, to August 25, 2020. The correlation analysis showed that COVID-19 cases and temperature showed a positive correlation. It implies that the increase in COVID-19 cases was reported due to an increase in the temperature in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The generalized Poisson regression showed that the rise in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.024 times for a 1 °C rise in the average temperature in Pakistan. Second, the correlation between rainfall and COVID-19 cases was negative in Pakistan. However, the regression coefficient between the expected log count of COVID-19 cases and rainfall was insignificant in Pakistan. Third, the correlation between humidity and the total COVID-19 cases was negative, which implies that the increase in humidity is beneficial to stop the transmission of COVID-19 in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. The reduction in the expected log count of COVID-19 cases was 0.008 times for a 1% increase in the humidity per day in Pakistan. However, humidity and COVID-19 cases were positively correlated in Sindh province. It is required to create awareness among the general population, and the government should include the causes, symptoms, and precautions in the educational syllabus. Moreover, people should adopt the habit of hand wash, social distancing, personal hygiene, mask-wearing, and the use of hand sanitizers to control the COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052566/ doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11203-2 id: cord-270934-vzsdvrwo author: Raza, Azra title: Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 2006.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270934-vzsdvrwo.txt summary: The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Ali 1,2, The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. COVID-19 impacts every aspect of care for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the City of New York from where we are writing, our hospital is serving as the epicenter of the pandemic within the city. abstract: The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. The unique challenges of transplants during the pandemic and the consequences of an abrupt halt in all non-essential research activities are described. Not all the changes forced by COVID-19 are detrimental. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100201 doi: 10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100201 id: cord-269445-dctx9c7w author: Razanamahery, J. title: Predictive factors of poor outcomes in the COVID-19 epidemic: Consider the inflammatory response date: 2020-04-24 words: 1053.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269445-dctx9c7w.txt summary: Clinical presentation is heterogenous from benign presentations to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leading to intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization or death [3, 4] . We aimed to identify risks factors for poor outcome of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized patients during the first month of the pandemic in Besanç on University Hospital. All patients received complete laboratory tests at admission, including acute phase reactants (i.e., C-reactive protein [CRP], procalcitonin [PCT], ferritin, fibrinogen), complete blood count, liver, and kidney function tests. High levels of CRP, PCT, AST, and LDH were associated with poor outcome (Table 1) . We identified a group of patients with high inflammatory response associated with poor outcomes. Despite no statistical relevance in our study, high ferritin levels have already been described as predictor of acute respiratory distress syndrome [5] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.016 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.04.016 id: cord-289542-u86ujtur author: Razavian, Narges title: A validated, real-time prediction model for favorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 words: 8068.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289542-u86ujtur.txt summary: Here, we use 3345 retrospective and 474 prospective hospitalizations to develop and validate a parsimonious model to identify patients with favorable outcomes within 96 h of a prediction, based on real-time lab values, vital signs, and oxygen support variables. In this article, we describe how a collaboration among data scientists, electronic health record (EHR) programmers (vendorand health system-based), clinical informaticians, frontline physicians, and clinical leadership led to the development, prospective validation, and implementation of a machine learning model for real-time prediction of favorable outcomes within a 96 h window among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our approach differs from prior work in that we: (1) predict favorable outcomes (as opposed to adverse outcomes), (2) use a large COVID-19 patient cohort admitted across our hospitals, (3) design a model that can easily be extended to other institutions, (4) prospectively validate performance, and (5) integrate our model in the EHR to provide a real-time clinical decision support tool. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged front-line clinical decision-making, leading to numerous published prognostic tools. However, few models have been prospectively validated and none report implementation in practice. Here, we use 3345 retrospective and 474 prospective hospitalizations to develop and validate a parsimonious model to identify patients with favorable outcomes within 96 h of a prediction, based on real-time lab values, vital signs, and oxygen support variables. In retrospective and prospective validation, the model achieves high average precision (88.6% 95% CI: [88.4–88.7] and 90.8% [90.8–90.8]) and discrimination (95.1% [95.1–95.2] and 86.8% [86.8–86.9]) respectively. We implemented and integrated the model into the EHR, achieving a positive predictive value of 93.3% with 41% sensitivity. Preliminary results suggest clinicians are adopting these scores into their clinical workflows. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00343-x doi: 10.1038/s41746-020-00343-x id: cord-312677-rwznqiib author: Razmi, Mahdieh title: Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-29 words: 6545.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt summary: Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. Various studies have focused on the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, cytokine-targeted therapies (e.g., anakinra, siltuximab, or tocilizumab), passive immunotherapy (convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobulin), mesenchymal stem cells, and bloodpurification therapy, mostly as adjuvant therapy for treatment of the patients with severe COVID-19 and partly have reported promising outcomes. Included clinical studies with 1-63 participants have shown that both antagonists, specially TCZ, are effective in reducing the mortality rate specially in the severely ill patients, improving the symptoms including fever resolution, oxygenation and resolved CT scans, reducing the inflammation markers (ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer), weaning from the ICU hospitalization and ventilation, and dampening the risk of disease progression to ARDS by mitigating the cytokine storm in the NCP patients [60, 62] , as applied for CRS controlling in the CAR-T therapy [90] . abstract: The global panic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent requirement for effective therapy. COVID-19 infection, especially in severely ill patients, is likely to be associated with immune dysregulation, prompting the development of novel treatment approaches. Therefore, this systematic review was designed to assess the available data regarding the efficacy of the immunomodulatory drugs used to manage COVID-19. A systematic literature search was carried out up to May 27, 2020, in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) and also Clinicaltrials.gov. Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. The data were found to be heterogeneous, and the clinical trials were yet to post any findings. Medicines were found to regulate the immune system by boosting the innate responses or suppressing the inflammatory reactions. Passive and cytokine-targeted therapies and mesenchymal stem cells were mostly safe and could regulate the disease much better. These studies underscored the significance of severity profiling in COVID-19 patients, along with appropriate timing, duration, and dosage of the therapies. Therefore, this review indicates that immunomodulatory therapies are potentially effective for COVID-19 and provides comprehensive information for clinicians to fight this outbreak. However, there is no consensus on the optimal therapy for COVID-19, reflecting that the immunomodulatory therapies still warrant further investigations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32896750/ doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106942 id: cord-255389-2fufd0ba author: Razonable, Raymund R. title: Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-23 words: 1024.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255389-2fufd0ba.txt summary: title: Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Clinical Guidance and the Delivery of Care for Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Herein, we describe our strategies for developing and successfully implementing a clinical guidance that assists our health care providers in caring for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Likewise, we developed a COVID-19 Treatment Registry that allows us to monitor our clinical practice and optimize our management guidance on the basis of our evolving clinical experience. The clinical guidance has been continually updated and made available to health care providers on a dedicated institutional COVID-19 webpage. This clinical team rapidly developed expertise in COVID-19 care because they served as consultants to frontline health care providers. The COVID-19 clinical guidance continues to evolve as new information is gathered from our clinical experience and as updated management strategies are published in the literature. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32829906/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.037 id: cord-320136-k4204pb6 author: Razum, Oliver title: Covid-19 in Flüchtlingsunterkünften: ÖGD jetzt weiter stärken date: 2020-04-23 words: 3319.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320136-k4204pb6.txt summary: So unterschiedlich die lokalen Erfahrungen und die Berichterstattung sind: Außer Frage steht, dass in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete ein hohes Risiko der Übertragung von SARS-CoV2 besteht, dem Erreger von Covid-19. Wir berichten zunächst über die Wohnsituation Geflüchteter in Deutschland und geben einen kurzen Überblick über bereits bestehende Überlegungen für das gesundheitsbezogene Management von Flüchtlingsunterkünften während der Covid-19-Pandemie. Analysen des Robert Koch-Instituts (RKI) zu Ausbrüchen von meldepflichtigen Infektionserkrankungen in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete (2004-2014) zeigen, dass ein Großteil der Ausbrüche auf Tröpfchen-und Schmierinfektionen zurückgehen, die unter besseren Lebens-und Hygienebedingungen (sowie ggf. Ein solches Vorgehen erscheint zielführender, als reflexiv ein "Containment nach innen" umzusetzen und die gesamte Einrichtung unter Quarantäne zu stellen -ganz besonders, wenn Social Distancing und Hygienemaßnahmen innerhalb des Settings nicht ausreichend umgesetzt werden können. Berichte aus den Herkunftsländern der Betroffenen über dort getroffene Vorsorgemaßnahmen oder dort entwickelte innovative Ansätze zur Kontrolle von Covid-19 [10] könnten zudem die Kommunikation vereinfachen und sich positiv auf die Kooperationsbereitschaft auswirken. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic poses a major challenge for the management of collective accommodation centres for refugees. The often-overcrowded facilities hinder satisfactory implementation of social distancing and hygiene practices. Adequate information policies as well as a rapid, efficient management of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases are essential. However, scientific evidence on this is largely lacking. Besides partially implemented approaches, such as isolation areas or cluster quarantine, plans to evacuate overcrowded facilities should also be considered. The German Public Health Service (ÖGD) plays a vital role in the current Covid-19 pandemic. In order to fulfil their routine tasks of infection control and support health services management for refugee accommodation centres, the ÖGD urgently needs to be strengthened in terms of personnel and material. Additionally, means for a rapid exchange of best practice examples of Covid-19 interventions across federal states as well as collaborative structures and capacity within the ÖGD for accompanying operational research are needed. Refugees, their housing situation and their access to health care need to be included in pandemic plans. Only an integrative health care system can achieve regional and international targets for the control of Covid-19 and other infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1154-5063 doi: 10.1055/a-1154-5063 id: cord-350437-dq1il88y author: Reale, Maria Lucia title: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients: A Picture of an Italian Onco-Covid Unit date: 2020-08-19 words: 4177.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350437-dq1il88y.txt summary: This retrospective study aims to collect epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data from SARS-CoV-2 positive cancer patients hospitalized at the Onco-Covid unit in San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Italy, one of the few oncological wards for cancer patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection, in order to provide a deeper insight into the clinical evolution of infection in cancer patients, particularly in lung cancer patients. This retrospective study included all SARS-CoV-2 oncological patients accepted at the Onco-Covid Unit at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, between March 27th and April 19th 2020. The mean length of hospitalization at data cut-off was 30 days ±14 (0-53), while it resulted 16 ± 9 days (0-37) when calculated from COVID 19 positivity (characteristics and outcomes of individual patients included in the analysis are reported in Supplementary Table 2) . Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: Background: The world, and Italy on the front lines, has experienced a major medical emergency due to the novel coronavirus outbreak. Cancer patients are one of the potentially most vulnerable cohorts of people, but data about their management are still few. Patients and Methods: In this monocentric retrospective study we included all SARS-CoV-2 oncological patients accepted, between March 27th and April 19th 2020, at the Onco-COVID Unit at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, one of the few Italian oncological-COVID wards. Data were obtained from medical records. Results: Eighteen cancer patients with COVID-19 were included. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 67 ± 14 years, 89% were men. Seven (39%) developed infection in communities and 11 (61%) during hospitalization. Lung cancer was the most frequent type of cancer (10, 56%). Seven patients (39%) were symptomatic for COVID-19 at the time of diagnosis and symptoms began 2 (±2) days before. The most common were shortness of breath and diarrhea. Fever was present in 5 patients (28%). Among the 11 asymptomatic patients, 8 (73%) became symptomatic during the hospitalization (mean time of symptoms onset 4 days ±4). Six patients (33%) were on active anti-tumor treatment: 2 (33%) received anti-tumor therapy within 2 weeks before the infection diagnosis and 2 (33%) continued oncological treatment after SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Eight (44%) patients died within a mean of 12 days (±8) from the infection diagnosis. Conclusions: Our series confirms the high mortality among cancer patients with COVID-19. The presence of asymptomatic cases evidences that typical symptoms and fever are not the only parameters to suspect the infection. The Onco-Covid unit suggests the importance of a tailored and holistic approach, even in this difficult situation. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01722 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01722 id: cord-303514-2ljmkabk author: Recalcati, S. title: Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 780.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303514-2ljmkabk.txt summary: 1, 2 We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our dermatologic unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). 1, 2 We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our dermatologic unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). 3, 4 Nevertheless, in the hypothesis that these skin lesions were linked to COVID-19 infection, we checked accurately for acral perniotic signs 107 COVID-19-positive patients (average age 72.2 years, 58 males, 49 females) hospitalized in our hospital for acute respiratory illness. The swab negativity could be explained with the disappearance of detectable viral presence after a brief asymptomatic course: according to this hypothesis, the observed skin lesions would represent late manifestations of the COVID-19 infection in young healthy subjects, possibly due to an immunologic response targeting the cutaneous vessels. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic condition, yet little is known about its dermatologic manifestations. We report here on peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions, unreported in the previous years, observed in young outpatients visited in our Dermatologic Unit in the last 4 weeks of COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020). Similar cases were referred to us in the same period by Pediatricians and Dermatologists from Italy and European countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32330324/ doi: 10.1111/jdv.16533 id: cord-293557-jcgc93it author: Recalde, Borja title: Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients date: 2020-08-23 words: 1412.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293557-jcgc93it.txt summary: title: Histopathological findings in fatal COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome: preliminary experience from a series of 10 Spanish patients In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Postmortem multiorgan biopsies in 10 patients who died with SARS COV-2 infection were performed after oral authorisation of a first-degree relative. In this report, we describe the histopathology of lung damage in COVID-19 with DAD in all lung samples, associated with medium size arterial thrombosis in four cases, and the presence of viral RNA in all organs. It is remarkable that 9 out of the 10 patients had at least one organ with significant amount of SARS-CoV2 RNA, being most prevalent in lung tissue. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated to SARS-CoV2 was reported in Wuhan, China. To date, little is known on histopathological findings in patients infected with the new SARS-CoV2. Lung histopathology shows features of acute and organising diffuse alveolar damage. Subtle cellular inflammatory infiltrate has been found in line with the cytokine storm theory. Medium-size vessel thrombi were frequent, but capillary thrombi were not present. Despite the elevation of biochemical markers of cardiac injury, little histopathological damage could be confirmed. Viral RNA from paraffin sections was detected at least in one organ in 90% patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215577 doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215577 id: cord-351722-3mw1te94 author: Recalde, M. title: Characteristics and outcomes of 627 044 COVID-19 patients with and without obesity in the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom date: 2020-09-03 words: 5299.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351722-3mw1te94.txt summary: Obese COVID-19 patients were more likely to have prior comorbidities, present with cardiovascular and respiratory events during hospitalization, require intensive services, or die compared to non-obese COVID-19 patients. In the diagnosed cohorts, obese patients with COVID-19 consistently had a higher prevalence of comorbidities compared to non-obese patients (upper part of Figure 1 . As in the diagnosed cohort, hospitalized obese patients with COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of comorbidities than non-obese; however, the differences between groups were less obvious (lower part of Figure 1 Although obese COVID-19 patients were younger and less likely to have comorbidities than obese influenza patients in the hospitalized cohorts, they more frequently had adverse outcomes. We provide novel evidence that the prevalence of obesity is higher among COVID-19 patients compared to those with seasonal influenza and that obese hospitalized COVID-19 patients have worse outcomes is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Background: COVID-19 may differentially impact people with obesity. We aimed to describe and compare the demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes of obese patients with COVID-19 to those of non-obese patients with COVID-19, or obese patients with seasonal influenza. Methods: We conducted a cohort study based on outpatient/inpatient care, and claims data from January to June 2020 from the US, Spain, and the UK. We used six databases standardized to the OMOP common data model. We defined two cohorts of patients diagnosed and/or hospitalized with COVID-19. We created corresponding cohorts for patients with influenza in 2017-2018. We followed patients from index date to 30 days or death. We report the frequency of socio-demographics, prior comorbidities, and 30-days outcomes (hospitalization, events, and death) by obesity status. Findings: We included 627 044 COVID-19 (US: 502 650, Spain: 122 058, UK: 2336) and 4 549 568 influenza (US: 4 431 801, Spain: 115 224, UK: 2543) patients. The prevalence of obesity was higher among hospitalized COVID-19 (range: 38% to 54%) than diagnosed COVID-19 (30% to 47%), or diagnosed/hospitalized influenza (15% to 48%) patients. Obese hospitalized COVID-19 patients were more often female and younger than non-obese COVID-19 patients or obese influenza patients. Obese COVID-19 patients were more likely to have prior comorbidities, present with cardiovascular and respiratory events during hospitalization, require intensive services, or die compared to non-obese COVID-19 patients. Obese COVID-19 patients were also more likely to require intensive services or die compared to obese influenza patients, despite presenting with fewer comorbidities. Interpretation: We show that obesity is more common among COVID-19 than influenza patients, and that obese patients present with more severe forms of COVID-19 with higher hospitalization, intensive services, and fatality than non-obese patients. These data are instrumental for guiding preventive strategies of COVID-19 infection and complications url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.02.20185173 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20185173 id: cord-290832-zmj59rc3 author: Recinella, Guerino title: Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a monocentric study date: 2020-10-08 words: 2985.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290832-zmj59rc3.txt summary: AIMS: To assess the role of nutritional status as an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital death in elderly patients. At univariate analysis, age (HR 1.045 [CI 1.008–1.082]), cognitive impairment (HR 1.949 [CI 1.045–3.364]), C-reactive protein (HR 1.004 [CI 1.011–1.078]), lactate dehydrogenases (HR 1.003 [CI 1.001–1.004]) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 8.571 [CI 1.096–67.031]) were risk factors for in-hospital death, while albumin (HR 0.809 [CI 0.822–0.964]), PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (HR 0.996 [CI 0.993–0.999]) and body mass index (HR 0.875 [CI 0.782–0.979]) were protective factors. The main result of our study is that impaired nutritional status, assessed by the GNRI, together with the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future larger and multicentric studies are needed to validate our results on the prognostic value of GNRI in predicting in-hospital death and to further explore the role of other nutritional parameters in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection incidence is higher in the elderly patients. Pre-existing geriatric conditions such as comorbidity and frailty seem related to worse hospital outcomes. AIMS: To assess the role of nutritional status as an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital death in elderly patients. METHODS: Consecutive elderly patients (age > 65 years) hospitalized for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were enrolled. Demographics, laboratory and comorbidity data were collected. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). Uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses to evaluate predictors for in-hospital death were performed. RESULTS: One hundred and nine hospitalized elderly patients (54 male) were consecutively enrolled. At univariate analysis, age (HR 1.045 [CI 1.008–1.082]), cognitive impairment (HR 1.949 [CI 1.045–3.364]), C-reactive protein (HR 1.004 [CI 1.011–1.078]), lactate dehydrogenases (HR 1.003 [CI 1.001–1.004]) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 8.571 [CI 1.096–67.031]) were risk factors for in-hospital death, while albumin (HR 0.809 [CI 0.822–0.964]), PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (HR 0.996 [CI 0.993–0.999]) and body mass index (HR 0.875 [CI 0.782–0.979]) were protective factors. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significative higher survival in patients without GNRI moderate or severe risk category (p = 0.0013). At multivariate analysis, PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio (HR 0.993 [CI 0.987–0.999], p = 0.046) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 9.285 [1.183–72.879], p = 0.034) were independently associated with in-hospital death. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status assessed by GNRI is a significative predictor of survival in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The association between GNRI and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio is a good prognostic model these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01727-5 doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01727-5 id: cord-299333-qu0bmov5 author: Reddy, Gireesh B. title: Clinical Characteristics and Multisystem Imaging Findings of COVID-19: An Overview for Orthopedic Surgeons date: 2020-08-17 words: 4412.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299333-qu0bmov5.txt summary: Since December 2019, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), a novel betacoronavirus strain responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , rapidly progressed from an isolated cluster of cases in the Hubei province of east central China to a pandemic, with significant global health and economic repercussions [4, 5, 10, 24, 25, 27, 28, 44, 58, 80, 91] . Early reports from Italy and China indicated that although pulmonary diseases including ARDS and diffuse pneumonia comprise the predominant lethal complications of COVID-19, patients have also presented with or developed significant cardiac signs and symptoms [50] . COVID-19 musculoskeletal and neurologic manifestations are being reported with increased frequency, particularly in patients with more severe respiratory disease, indicating coronavirus neurotropism possibly directly related with higher viral loads, which are now detectable in cerebrospinal fluid [20] . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic holds widespread implications for global public health, economies, societies, and the practice of orthopedic surgery. As our knowledge of the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the symptomatology and management of COVID-19 expands, orthopedic surgeons must remain up to date on the latest medical evidence and surgical perspectives. While COVID-19 primarily manifests with pulmonary symptoms, cardiovascular, neurologic, and other major organ systems may also be affected and present with hallmark imaging findings. This article reviews initial and emerging literature on clinical characteristics and imaging findings of COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11420-020-09775-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-020-09775-3 doi: 10.1007/s11420-020-09775-3 id: cord-325435-b64ijw5o author: Reddy, Pavan Kumar title: Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature date: 2020-08-01 words: 1396.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325435-b64ijw5o.txt summary: title: Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19: A report of two cases and review of literature BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and diabetes mellitus is bidirectional. On the other hand, new onset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been observed in patients with COVID-19. In this report, we describe two patient with diabetes mellitus who presented to our hospital with DKA. RESULTS: First patient (30-year-male) had undiagnosed diabetes and no other comorbidities, and COVID-19 precipitated DKA. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was isolated from patients with this pneumonia [3] . According to a clinical report in China involving 1,099 confirmed COVID-19 patients, diabetes was the second most common comorbidity (16.2%) among severe 173 cases [14] . Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Covid-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) and diabetes mellitus is bidirectional. On one hand, diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. On the other hand, new onset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have been observed in patients with COVID-19. In this report, we describe two patient with diabetes mellitus who presented to our hospital with DKA. We also reviewed almost all published cases of DKA that had been precipitated by COVID-19. METHODS: Two patients were admitted with DKA, who were diagnosed to have COVID-19 on the basis of real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Detailed history, anthropometry, laboratory investigations, imaging studies, clinical course and management outcomes were documented. RESULTS: First patient (30-year-male) had undiagnosed diabetes and no other comorbidities, and COVID-19 precipitated DKA. He also had COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Second patient (60-year-male) had long duration hypertension with no prior history of diabetes and developed cerebrovascular accident (CVA). He was also diagnosed with COVID-19 (RT-PCR assay) and DKA in the hospital. CVA and COVID-19 could have precipitate DKA. Both patients responded well to treatment and were discharged in a stable condition. CONCLUSIONS: These cases show that COVID-19 can precipitate DKA in a significant number of patients. DKA can occur in patients with pre-existing diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes. As COVID-19 and diabetes are prevalent conditions, high degree of suspicion is required to diagnose DKA timely in order to improve the prognosis of COVID-19-related diabetic ketoacidosis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120302988?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.050 id: cord-272318-8yfg1j0o author: Reddy, Sujan T. title: Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series date: 2020-06-11 words: 3392.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272318-8yfg1j0o.txt summary: To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, few studies have reported cerebrovascular complications in COVID-19 [3, 4] and 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke [5] [6] [7] [8] . We review the current literature of published cases and describe our experience of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent cerebrovascular disease (CVD) to highlight the clinical presentation and proposed mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement by SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we performed a retrospective chart review of all hospitalized cases with confirmed COVID-19 infection (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive) and CVD (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) between March 1 and May 10, 2020 seen at two comprehensive stroke centers in Houston, TX, USA. abstract: COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647526/ doi: 10.1159/000508958 id: cord-293559-c78wcr8m author: Rego, Gabriel N. A. title: Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-25 words: 9752.0 sentences: 506.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293559-c78wcr8m.txt summary: Two purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, an mRNA-based vaccine mRNA1273, and the chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine ChAdOx1 are currently in phase III clinical trials in the respective countries Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, and the United Kingdom. Thus, during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, several vaccine candidates with attenuated virus, encoding, or presenting SARS-CoV-2 antigens have been developed globally, reaching clinical trial phases I or II for the evaluation of their safety and immunogenicity. Six protocols are developing phase II and/or III clinical trials using the chimpanzee adenoviral vector ChAdOx1 [50] [51] [52] , purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine [53, 54] , and mRNA-1273 vaccine [55] . A Phase I Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerance and Preliminary Immunogenicity of Different Doses of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Population Aged 18-59 Years and 60 Years and Above abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest health challenge of the 21st century, affecting millions of people globally. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ignited an unprecedented effort from the scientific community in the development of new vaccines on different platforms due to the absence of a broad and effective treatment for COVID-19 or prevention strategy for SARS-CoV-2 dissemination. Based on 50 current studies selected from the main clinical trial databases, this systematic review summarizes the global race for vaccine development against COVID-19. For each study, the main intervention characteristics, the design used, and the local or global center partnerships created are highlighted. Most vaccine developments have taken place in Asia, using a viral vector method. Two purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, an mRNA-based vaccine mRNA1273, and the chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine ChAdOx1 are currently in phase III clinical trials in the respective countries Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, and the United Kingdom. These vaccines are being developed based on a quickly formed network of collaboration. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030474 doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030474 id: cord-268390-npuvodd4 author: Rehman, Aziz ul title: The role of primary and secondary bio-molecules in optical diagnosis of pandemic COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-08-17 words: 1277.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268390-npuvodd4.txt summary: • Raman and fluorescence signature of ACE-2 specific proteins is the basis for real time detection of COVID-19. This letter to the editor aims to introduce primary and secondary biomarkers whose reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence signals can be used for optical diagnosis of COVID-19 to the scientific community and persuade to build portable, cost effective, label free and real time optical devices for its detection. Keeping in view the epidemic nature of COVID-19, we need early stage, cost effective, real time diagnosis and portable devices to detect this disease so that treatment can be started to save the vulnerable population. Similarly, nucleic acid and protein bound coenzymes molecules like NADH, FAD have their own specific fluorescence biomarkers when excited with UV-A light [13] and can be used for label free detection of COVID-19 on early stages employing portable optical detection systems. abstract: • Primary and secondary biomarkers for optical diagnosis in of COVID-19 infected patients for early diagnosis of disease. • Raman and fluorescence signature of ACE-2 specific proteins is the basis for real time detection of COVID-19. • Label free detection. • Portable optical devices for fast screening of COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1572100020303070 doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101953 id: cord-324644-sz5n7a5z author: Rehman, Mahin title: Atypical Manifestation of COVID-19-Induced Myocarditis date: 2020-06-18 words: 1906.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324644-sz5n7a5z.txt summary: There was a case report that described a patient with COVID-19 with regional wall motion abnormalities who had a biopsy consistent with lymphocytic myocarditis but histopathological and viral genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the biopsy did not reveal the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome to be present within the myocytes [3] . With this report, we aim to highlight an atypical presentation of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)induced myocarditis as this patient was completely afebrile and had no respiratory symptoms, both of which are typical characteristics. Current consensus around COVID-19-induced myocardial injury is to maintain conservative management especially in those without suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have mild troponin elevation, as in our young patient. COVID-19-induced myocardial injury can present as a STEMI or non-STEMI (given the evidence of troponin leak) and without concurrent febrile illness or respiratory symptoms of the disease. abstract: We present a case of a 39-year-old male who presented with chest pain without fever or respiratory symptoms. Troponins were elevated and electrocardiogram (ECG) was inconclusive for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Angiography revealed normal coronaries and the patient was found to be coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive; he was diagnosed with COVID-19 myocarditis. With the global pandemic, more cases are emerging regarding myocardial injury induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Although COVID-19 manifests primarily as respiratory disease, few cases of cardiac injury without respiratory involvement or febrile illness have been reported. This case illustrates that COVID-19 can present atypically and affect an isolated non-respiratory organ system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32577331/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8685 id: cord-348364-jb0lvhq5 author: Rehman, Tyler title: Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020 words: 1320.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348364-jb0lvhq5.txt summary: title: Spontaneous Pneumothorax in an Elderly Patient With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia Case Report: We present the case of an elderly patient with COVID-19 pneumonia that resulted in a prolonged hospital course because of pneumothorax complication. Her oxygen requirements increased to 15 L nonrebreather mask on day 5 of hospitalization, and repeat chest radiograph demonstrated enlargement of the pneumothorax. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in patients without known lung disease. Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with COVID-19 in nonintubated patients was not a commonly reported complication in June 2020. 1, 10 When considering other viral pneumonias as reported by Afessa, the superimposed bacterial infection could have potentially increased the patient''s risk for pneumothorax. This case underlines the importance of considering repeat examinations such as chest radiographs or CT imaging for thorough evaluation of COVID-19-positive patients. Spontaneous pneumothorax following COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Background: The relationship between the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and pneumothorax is not yet established. As of June 2020, few cases of nonintubated patients developing pneumothorax had been documented. Case Report: We present the case of an elderly patient with COVID-19 pneumonia that resulted in a prolonged hospital course because of pneumothorax complication. The patient did not develop severe symptoms and did not require intubation. Conclusion: This case report should aid clinicians assessing patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.31486/toj.20.0072 doi: 10.31486/toj.20.0072 id: cord-256121-9bl1ztuc author: Reid, Michael J A title: Building a tuberculosis-free world while responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-22 words: 1293.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256121-9bl1ztuc.txt summary: 3 Moreover, the COVID-19 response has reduced access to tuberculosis services worldwide, including in China, 4 India, 5 South Africa, 6 and Nigeria. In India, Kenya, and Ukraine, a 3-month lockdown, followed by a 10-month recovery period, is projected to lead to an estimated 1·65 million, 41 400, and 7960 additional incident tuberculosis cases in the next 5 years, respectively, because of limited access to drugs, diagnostics, and prevention programmes in the past few months. After accounting for annual growth rates, we estimate that a 3-month lockdown, followed by a 10-month recovery, would result in an excess cost of $1·95 billion in India, $29 million in Kenya, and $96 million in Ukraine with an increase of 7·9%, 5·5%, and 4·1% in average annual health spending on tuberculosis in each country over the next 5 years (table) . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620321383 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32138-3 id: cord-339864-rv5zw972 author: Reihani, Hamidreza title: Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-06 words: 1011.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339864-rv5zw972.txt summary: In Iran, social media accounts circulated false stories of curing COVID-19 by drinking high-proof alcohol, poisoning over 2,000 people due to the inadvertent consumption of methanol with bleach to hide its color [5] . In Madagascar, President Andry Rojoelina launched an herbal coronavirus "cure" produced from the artemisia plant, yet the WHO stated that the tonic is not evidence-based and is potentially toxic [9] . These herbal formulas contain a combination of many herbs and the exact proprietary mixture is not available, posing a major health risk to patients due to their potential toxicity, contamination, or adulteration [10] . The implications of medicating with herbal-based formulas is serious and dangerous because there is no scientific evidence suggesting that these alternative remedies can prevent or cure COVID-19. The spread of nonevidence-based COVID-19 treatments or cures will undoubtedly worsen the magnitude of the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S073567572030317X doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.001 id: cord-346325-grt67p73 author: Reilev, M. title: Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 9,519 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: A nationwide cohort date: 2020-05-26 words: 4655.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346325-grt67p73.txt summary: Design, Setting, and Participants Nationwide population-based cohort of all 228.677 consecutive Danish individuals tested (positive or negative) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA from the identification of the first COVID-19 case on February 27th, 2020 until April 30th, 2020. In this population-based study of a Danish COVID-19 cohort capturing all individuals with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark, we provide nationwide data on clinical characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death for all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive cases identified from February 27 th , 2020 to April 30 th , 2020. In this nationwide cohort of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive cases and test-negative individuals from the general population in Denmark, we found that older age (e.g., >70 years), male sex, and number of comorbidities were risk factors for hospitalization and death. In this first nationwide population-based study, increasing age, sex, and number and type of comorbidities were closely associated with hospitalization requirement and death in SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive cases. abstract: Objective To provide population-level knowledge on individuals at high risk of severe and fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in order to inform targeted protection strategies in the general population and appropriate triage of hospital contacts. Design, Setting, and Participants Nationwide population-based cohort of all 228.677 consecutive Danish individuals tested (positive or negative) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA from the identification of the first COVID-19 case on February 27th, 2020 until April 30th, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures We examined characteristics and predictors of inpatient hospitalization versus community-management, and death versus survival, adjusted for age-, sex- and number of comorbidities. Results We identified 9,519 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive cases of whom 78% were community-managed, 22% were hospitalized (3.2% at an intensive care unit) and 5.5% had died within 30 days. Median age varied from 45 years (interquartile range (IQR) 31-57) among community-managed cases to 82 years (IQR 75-89) among those who died. Age was a strong predictor of fatal disease (odds ratio (OR) 14 for 70-79-year old, OR 26 for 80-89-year old, and OR 82 for cases older than 90 years, when compared to 50-59-year old and adjusted for sex and number of comorbidities). Similarly, the number of comorbidities was strongly associated with fatal disease (OR 5.2, for cases with [≥]4 comorbidities versus no comorbidities), and 82% of fatal cases had at least 2 comorbidities. A wide range of major chronic diseases were associated with hospitalization with ORs ranging from 1.3-1.4 (e.g. stroke, ischemic heart disease) to 2.2-2.7 (e.g. heart failure, hospital-diagnosed kidney disease, chronic liver disease). Similarly, chronic diseases were associated with mortality with ORs ranging from 1.2-1.3 (e.g. ischemic heart disease, hypertension) to 2.4-2.7 (e.g. major psychiatric disorder, organ transplantation). In the absence of comorbidities, mortality was relatively low (5% or less) in persons aged up to 80 years. Conclusions and Relevance In this first nationwide population-based study, increasing age and number of comorbidities were strongly associated with hospitalization requirement and death in COVID-19. In the absence of comorbidities, the mortality was, however, lowest until the age of 80 years. These results may help in accurate identification, triage and protection of high-risk groups in general populations, i.e. when reopening societies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111823 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111823 id: cord-316522-fbw9x3ik author: Reiss, Allison B. title: A Telemedicine Approach to Covid-19 Assessment and Triage date: 2020-09-10 words: 3793.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316522-fbw9x3ik.txt summary: (1) Temperature Check Temperature checked at time of arrival for all patients and approved visitors: If 100.0 • F or greater, patient/visitor is not permitted to enter the clinic and will be instructed to return home (unless in obvious distress) and provided information to schedule a virtual visit. (1) Temperature Check Temperature checked at time of arrival for all patients and approved visitors: If 100.0 • F or greater, patient/visitor is not permitted to enter the clinic and will be instructed to return home (unless in obvious distress) and provided information to schedule a virtual visit. Assessing clinical stability-it is important to identify patients who need an immediate onsite evaluation at a designated screening center or a hospital emergency department. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: Covid-19 is a new highly contagious RNA viral disease that has caused a global pandemic. Human-to-human transmission occurs primarily through oral and nasal droplets and possibly through the airborne route. The disease may be asymptomatic or the course may be mild with upper respiratory symptoms, moderate with non-life-threatening pneumonia, or severe with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The severe form is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While patients who are unstable and in acute distress need immediate in-person attention, many patients can be evaluated at home by telemedicine or videoconferencing. The more benign manifestations of Covid-19 may be managed from home to maintain quarantine, thus avoiding spread to other patients and health care workers. This document provides an overview of the clinical presentation of Covid-19, emphasizing telemedicine strategies for assessment and triage of patients. Advantages of the virtual visit during this time of social distancing are highlighted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32927589/ doi: 10.3390/medicina56090461 id: cord-276303-lgywz9ea author: Rello, Jordi title: COVID-19, steroids and other immunomodulators: The jigsaw is not complete date: 2020-10-25 words: 1627.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276303-lgywz9ea.txt summary: Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Hydrocortisone on 21-Day Mortality or Respiratory Support Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352556820302435?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.011 id: cord-352065-960xqft4 author: Rello, Jordi title: Update in COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit from the 2020 HELLENIC Athens International Symposium date: 2020-10-22 words: 4976.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352065-960xqft4.txt summary: Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. A major problem of the coronavirus pandemic is the considerable burden imposed on National Health Systems worldwide due to the hyperacute outbreak and the proportional increase of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support in an extremely limited period of time, while outcomes vary according to the burden of the disease in each country. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in COVID-19 [7] and a recent scope review found that for COVID-19, < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission, but development of secondary infections during ICU admission is common [8, 9] . abstract: The 2020 International Web Scientific Event in COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients aimed at updating the information and knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic in the intensive care unit. Experts reviewed the latest literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in critically ill patients, such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, phenotypes of infection, COVID-19 as a systematic infection, molecular diagnosis, mechanical ventilation, thromboprophylaxis, COVID-19 associated co-infections, immunotherapy, plasma treatment, Catheter-Related bloodstream infections, artificial intelligence for COVID-19, and vaccination. Antiviral therapy and co-infections are out of the scope of this review. In this review, each of these issues is discussed with key messages regarding management and further research being presented after a brief review of available evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33172592/ doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.008 id: cord-306718-7wp5jmxe author: Remaeus, Katarina title: Characteristics and short‐term obstetric outcomes in a case series of 67 women tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Stockholm, Sweden date: 2020-09-27 words: 2558.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306718-7wp5jmxe.txt summary: For the care of pregnant women positive for SARS-CoV-2, National Swedish guidelines were published early in the pandemic and recommended individualized antenatal care, mode of delivery based on obstetric considerations, and no routine separation of the mother and newborn after birth. Here, we want to report a case series of 67 women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2, who gave birth from March 19 until April 26, 2020 in the Stockholm region, Sweden. In this case series of 67 SARS-CoV-2 test-positive delivered women with varying clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to manifest COVID19 disease, the majority had a vaginal, term birth and delivered a healthy normal weight neonate that did not test positive for SARS-CoV-2. In this case series of 67 test-positive women few women presented with severe COVID-19 illness, a majority had a vaginal birth at term with a healthy neonate that were test-negative for SARS-CoV-2. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Stockholm region was the first area in Sweden to be hit by the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Our national guidelines regarding care of women with positive test for SARS‐CoV‐2 (detection with polymerase chain reaction) recommend individualized antenatal care, mode of delivery based on obstetric considerations, and no routine separation of the mother and newborn after birth. Breastfeeding is encouraged, and although there is no specific recommendation on wearing a face mask to prevent viral transmission to the newborn while nursing, instructions are given to keep high hygiene standards. All studies based on cases tested due to hospital admittance, including our, will capture more women with pregnancy complications than in the general population. Our aim was to describe the clinical characteristics in 67 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive women and their 68 neonates, and to report short‐term maternal and neonate outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective case series with data from medical records including all test‐positive women (n=67) who gave birth from March 19 to April 26, 2020 in Stockholm, Sweden. Means, proportions and percentages were calculated for characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age was 32 years, 40% were nulliparous, and 61% were overweight or obese. Further, 15% had diabetes and 21% a hypertensive disease. 70% of the women had a vaginal birth. Preterm delivery occurred in 19% of the women. The preterm deliveries were mostly medically indicated, including two women who were delivered preterm due to severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) illness, corresponding to 15% of the preterm births. Four women (6%) were admitted to intensive care unit postpartum. Three neonates were PCR‐positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 after birth. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series of 67 test‐positive women with clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to manifest COVID‐19 disease few women presented with severe COVID‐19 illness, a majority had a vaginal birth at term with a healthy neonate that were test‐negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14006 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14006 id: cord-320864-k9zksbyt author: Remes-Troche, J. M. title: Recommendations for the reopening and activity resumption of the neurogastroenterology units in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Position of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología date: 2020-11-01 words: 4669.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320864-k9zksbyt.txt summary: When health authorities allow a return to normalcy and in the absence of effective treatment or a preventive vaccine for COVID 19 infection, we recommend a strict protocol to classify patients according to their infectious-contagious status through the appropriate use of tests to detect the virus and its immune response, as well as the use of protective measures to be followed by health personnel to avoid contagion during the performance of a gastrointestinal motility test. Positions have already been established on how to work and/or resume activities at those units (e.g., those issued by the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society [ANMS] 4 and the Grupo Español de Motilidad Digestiva [GEMD]) 5 but due to the fact that the epidemiologic behavior, protective equipment avail-ability, serologic diagnostic test performance capacity for corroborating immunity, and socioeconomic context are different throughout Latin America, a group of experts that are members of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Neurogastroenterología (SLNG) had a virtual meeting to formulate a consensus document with recommendations for the performance of gastrointestinal motility tests. abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has forced the establishment of measures to avoid contagion during diagnostic and therapeutic tests in gastroenterology. Gastrointestinal motility studies involve a high and intermediate risk of transmission of infection by this virus. Given its elective or non-urgent indication in most cases, we recommend deferring the performance of these tests until there is a significant control of the infection rate in each country, during the pandemic. When health authorities allow a return to normalcy and in the absence of effective treatment or a preventive vaccine for COVID 19 infection, we recommend a strict protocol to classify patients according to their infectious-contagious status through the appropriate use of tests to detect the virus and its immune response, as well as the use of protective measures to be followed by health personnel to avoid contagion during the performance of a gastrointestinal motility test. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2255534X2030092X doi: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.07.004 id: cord-259747-sl9q63oc author: Remmelink, Myriam title: Unspecific post-mortem findings despite multiorgan viral spread in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-12 words: 4541.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259747-sl9q63oc.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Post-mortem studies can provide important information for understanding new diseases and small autopsy case series have already reported different findings in COVID-19 patients. IHC revealed positive cells with a heterogeneous distribution in the lungs of 11 of the 17 (65%) patients; RT-PCR yielded a wide distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues, with 8 patients showing viral presence in all tested organs (i.e., lung, heart, spleen, liver, colon, kidney, and brain). In this post-mortem study, we included the first 17 adult patients (> 18 years) who died in our hospital (either in a COVID-19 unit or an intensive care unit) from March 13, 2020, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., positive RT-PCR assay on nasopharyngeal swab and/or bronchoalveolar lavage specimen). This post-mortem study showed several histopathological abnormalities in COVID-19 non-survivors; however, none of the findings was specific for direct viral injury, even though SARS-CoV-2 was detected in all examined organs using RT-PCR. abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-mortem studies can provide important information for understanding new diseases and small autopsy case series have already reported different findings in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We evaluated whether some specific post-mortem features are observed in these patients and if these changes are related to the presence of the virus in different organs. Complete macroscopic and microscopic autopsies were performed on different organs in 17 COVID-19 non-survivors. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lung samples and with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in the lung and other organs. RESULTS: Pulmonary findings revealed early-stage diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in 15 out of 17 patients and microthrombi in small lung arteries in 11 patients. Late-stage DAD, atypical pneumocytes, and/or acute pneumonia were also observed. Four lung infarcts, two acute myocardial infarctions, and one ischemic enteritis were observed. There was no evidence of myocarditis, hepatitis, or encephalitis. Kidney evaluation revealed the presence of hemosiderin in tubules or pigmented casts in most patients. Spongiosis and vascular congestion were the most frequently encountered brain lesions. No specific SARS-CoV-2 lesions were observed in any organ. IHC revealed positive cells with a heterogeneous distribution in the lungs of 11 of the 17 (65%) patients; RT-PCR yielded a wide distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues, with 8 patients showing viral presence in all tested organs (i.e., lung, heart, spleen, liver, colon, kidney, and brain). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, autopsies revealed a great heterogeneity of COVID-19-associated organ injury and the remarkable absence of any specific viral lesions, even when RT-PCR identified the presence of the virus in many organs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787909/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03218-5 id: cord-313984-7wvfnag1 author: Remy, Kenneth E title: Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis date: 2020-04-28 words: 2174.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313984-7wvfnag1.txt summary: Although more recent controlled studies indicate that plasma IL-6 concentrations can be in the range seen in bacterial infections, the time course of change is very different; in some cases, concentrations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seem to increase over time with illness severity and worsening lung function. Indeed, when measured in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, IL-10 concentrations (the most immunosuppressant cytokine in the body) are also elevated, which might lead to a different conclusion for therapeutic approaches and in understanding the disease pathophysiology. In particular, the modest inflammatory response and the progressive and profound suppression of adaptive immunity in COVID-19 relative to sepsis argues for perhaps a different therapeutic approach. However, if SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to other chronic inflammatory and immune suppressive diseases, such as sepsis, we argue that immune stimulants, and not anti-inflammatory agents, should be considered as the first-line treatment option. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213260020302174 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30217-4 id: cord-285291-pep4opiq author: Remy, Kenneth E. title: Caring for Critically Ill Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a PICU: Recommendations by Dual Trained Intensivists* date: 2020-04-29 words: 7168.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285291-pep4opiq.txt summary: T he worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has already resulted in critical care demands overwhelming resources in nations such as Italy (1) . Prone positioning for at least 12 hours daily in adults with severe ARDS may increase ventilator-free days, reduce in-hospital mortality, and reduce the need for rescue therapies like inhaled nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (16, (65) (66) (67) (68) . Nonpharmacologic approaches to these modifiable risk factors include frequent environmental reorientation, cognitive stimulation, minimizing sleep interruptions, engaging familiar visitors, limiting use of sedative medications, and scheduled sedation "holidays." These strategies have consistently shown improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients and are now considered standard of care (117) . EPVent-2 Study Group: Effect of titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with an esophageal pressure-guided strategy vs an empirical high PEEP-FIO 2 strategy on death and days free from mechanical ventilation among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized clinical trial abstract: In the midst of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, there is a recognized need to expand critical care services and beds beyond the traditional boundaries. There is considerable concern that widespread infection will result in a surge of critically ill patients that will overwhelm our present adult ICU capacity. In this setting, one proposal to add “surge capacity” has been the use of PICU beds and physicians to care for these critically ill adults. DESIGN: Narrative review/perspective. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENTS: Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The virus’s high infectivity and prolonged asymptomatic shedding have resulted in an exponential growth in the number of cases in the United States within the past weeks with many (up to 6%) developing acute respiratory distress syndrome mandating critical care services. Coronavirus disease 2019 critical illness appears to be primarily occurring in adults. Although pediatric intensivists are well versed in the care of acute respiratory distress syndrome from viral pneumonia, the care of differing aged adult populations presents some unique challenges. In this statement, a team of adult and pediatric-trained critical care physicians provides guidance on common “adult” issues that may be encountered in the care of these patients and how they can best be managed in a PICU. CONCLUSIONS: This concise scientific statement includes references to the most recent and relevant guidelines and clinical trials that shape management decisions. The intention is to assist PICUs and intensivists in rapidly preparing for care of adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients should the need arise. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420720/ doi: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002429 id: cord-261435-wcn4bjnw author: Ren, Xianwen title: Large-scale single-cell analysis reveals critical immune characteristics of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-29 words: 8495.0 sentences: 468.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261435-wcn4bjnw.txt summary: Notably, the percentages of megakaryocytes 207 and monocytes in PBMCs were elevated, particularly in severe COVID-19 patients during 208 the disease progression stage (Figure 2A) The increased plasma B cells in peripheral blood appeared to be derived from active 231 proliferation of plasmablasts and transitions from memory B cells based on the paired BCR 232 sequencing analyses. Similarly, the clonal expansion of 398 a central memory CD4+ T cell cluster highly expressing AQP3 (T_CD4_c02-AQP3) was 399 also associated with the triad interaction by disease severity, age, and sex ( SARS-CoV-2 detected in multiple epithelial and immune cell types with 414 interferon response phenotypes 415 The enrichment of plasma B and proliferative T cells in BALF and the elevation of these 416 cells in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients highlighted the roles of these cells in combating 417 SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Dysfunctional immune response in the COVID-19 patients is a recurrent theme impacting symptoms and mortality, yet the detailed understanding of pertinent immune cells is not complete. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 284 samples from 205 COVID-19 patients and controls to create a comprehensive immune landscape. Lymphopenia and active T and B cell responses were found to coexist and associated with age, sex and their interactions with COVID-19. Diverse epithelial and immune cell types were observed to be virus-positive and showed dramatic transcriptomic changes. Elevation of ANXA1 and S100A9 in virus-positive squamous epithelial cells may enable the initiation of neutrophil and macrophage responses via the ANXA1-FPR1 and S100A8/9-TLR4 axes. Systemic upregulation of S100A8/A9, mainly by megakaryocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood, may contribute to the cytokine storms frequently observed in severe patients. Our data provide a rich resource for understanding the pathogenesis and designing effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. HIGHLIGHTS Large-scale scRNA-seq analysis depicts the immune landscape of COVID-19 Lymphopenia and active T and B cell responses coexist and are shaped by age and sex SARS-CoV-2 infects diverse epithelial and immune cells, inducing distinct responses Cytokine storms with systemic S100A8/A9 are associated with COVID-19 severity url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.360479 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.360479 id: cord-274326-msbdrp3e author: Ren, Xiaohan title: Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 words: 4897.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274326-msbdrp3e.txt summary: title: Multiple Expression Assessments of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Urinary Tract and Their Associations with Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 We hypothesized that in critically ill patients, an inflammatory cytokine storm could directly attack specific cells in the kidney and testis due to their high expression of ACE2 and cytokine receptors, leading to injury of the urinary tract. Compared with the control group, patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and diabetic Infection and Drug Resistance 2020:13 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com DovePress 3979 nephropathy, as well as smokers, exhibited higher expression levels of ACE2 in their affected tissues (kidneys or lungs) ( Figure 3A -D). 48 Considering the high level of IL6 in severe COVID-19 patients and the enrichment of the IL6 receptor in various testicular cells, this might be a reason for the potential orchitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first spread quickly in Wuhan, China, then globally. Based on previously published evidence, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are both pivotal entry molecules that enable cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2. Also, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, or a “cytokine storm,” is associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome often observed in critically ill patients. METHODS: We investigated the expression pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in major organs in the human body, especially in specific disease conditions. Multiple sequence alignment of ACE2 in different species was used to explain animal susceptibility. Moreover, the cell-specific expression patterns of ACE2 and cytokine receptors in the urinary tract were assessed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Additional biological relevance was determined through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using an ACE2-specific signature. RESULTS: Our results revealed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were highly expressed in genitourinary organs. ACE2 was highly and significantly expressed in the kidney among individuals with chronic kidney diseases or diabetic nephropathy. In single cells, ACE2 was primarily enriched in gametocytes in the testis and renal proximal tubules. The receptors for pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL6ST, were notably concentrated in endothelial cells, macrophages, spermatogonial stem cells in the testis, and renal endothelial cells, which suggested the occurrence of alternative damaging autoimmune mechanisms. CONCLUSION: This study provided new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 that underlie the clinical manifestations observed in the human testis and kidney. These observations might substantially facilitate the development of effective treatments for this rapidly spreading disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33177848/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s270543 id: cord-334268-n2hon61o author: Ren, Yanfang title: Risk for dental healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 global pandemic: an evidence-based assessment date: 2020-07-18 words: 6861.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334268-n2hon61o.txt summary: Considering that the primary route of transmission for COVID-19 is from respiratory droplets, and potentially from spatters or aerosols generated during dental treatments, risks of COVID-19 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f transmission from asymptomatic patients to DHPs are dependent on several factors: effectiveness of PPE, specifically the N95 masks in preventing virus transmission, prevalence of asymptomatic cases in the local community, rate of transmission from asymptomatic patients to healthcare providers in close contact, probability for an infection acquired from an asymptomatic patient become symptomatic, and age-adjusted infection fatality rate of symptomatic COVID-19 patients. To understand the potential impact of COVID-19 on dental care and oral health and assess the risks to DHPs from the disease while providing essential services to the community, we periodically searched and reviewed published literature in PubMed and Google Scholar using various combinations of keywords, including SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, Dental, Dentist, Dentistry, Droplets, Aerosols, Healthcare Workers, Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, Saliva, PPE, N95 Masks, Face Shields, and Infection Fatality Rate. abstract: Abstract Objectives Heightened anxiety among dental healthcare professionals (DHPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic stems from uncertainties about the effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) against dental aerosols and risk levels of asymptomatic patients. Our objective was to assess the risks for DHPs providing dental care during the pandemic based on available scientific evidence. Methods We reviewed the best available evidence and estimated the annualized risk (p=d a s(1-1-p 0 p 1(1-e)y n ) for a DHP during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the following basic parameters: p 0, the prevalence of asymptomatic patients in the local population; p 1, the probability that a DHP gets infected by an asymptomatic patient; e, the effectiveness of the PPE; s, the probability of becoming symptomatic after getting infected from asymptomatic patient; d a, the probability of dying from the disease in age group a; n, number of patients seen per day; and y, number of days worked per year. Results With the assumption that DHPs work fulltime and wear a N95 mask, the annualized probability for a DHP to acquire COVID-19 infection in a dental office, become symptomatic, and die from the infection is estimated at 1:13,000 (0.008%). Conclusions Risk of COVID-19 transmission in dental office is very low based on available evidence on effectiveness of PPE and prevalence of asymptomatic patients. Face shields and pre-procedure oral rinses may further reduce the risks. Clinical significance DHPs should follow guidelines on pre-appointment protocols and on PPE use during dental treatments to keep the risk low. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0300571220301809 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103434 id: cord-254446-yxqbe1dj author: Ren, Yunzhao R. title: A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-29 words: 6723.0 sentences: 426.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254446-yxqbe1dj.txt summary: The disease name -COVID-19‖ and the associated virus name -SARS-CoV-2‖ were coined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy, respectively, on February 11 1, 2 . Interestingly, pharyngeal swab viral nucleic acid screening results of 2,510 patients between January 23 and February 25 from a hospital fever clinic in Hunan Province (a neighboring province of Hubei) demonstrated that the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 (1.3%) was lower than that of Influenza A (2.3%) and Influenza B (3.3%) 42 . Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies, in order to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32469437/ doi: 10.1002/jcph.1673 id: cord-290256-mkfg7nar author: Ren, Zhigang title: A Randomized, Open‐label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID‐19, A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-14 words: 4625.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290256-mkfg7nar.txt summary: Patients meeting the following criteria were enrolled in the study: 1) age 18 and over, regardless of gender; 2) respiratory or blood samples that were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or respiratory or blood samples that were tested highly homologous with the known SARS-CoV-2 by viral gene sequencing; 3) the confimation of COVID-19 according to the diagnostic criteria of "the latest Clinical guidelines for novel coronavirus" issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 28, 2020, and the diagnostic criteria from the "Diagnosis and treatment program trial version 5 (or 6) guidelines" issued by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. According to the Diagnosis and treatment program trial version 5 guidelines, the criteria for release and discharge were as follows: body temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days, respiratory symptoms showing obvious improvement, pulmonary imaging showing that the inflammation was obviously absorbed, and negative respiratory pathogenic nucleic acid testing for two consecutive assessments (with a sampling interval of at least 1 day). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide. To date, no specific drug for COVID‐19 has been developed. Thus we performed this randomized, open‐label, controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2000029853) in China. A total of 20 mild and common COVID‐19 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive azvudine and symptomatic treatment (FNC group), or standard antiviral and symptomatic treatments (control group). The mean times of the first nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC) of 10 patients in the FNC group and 10 patients in the control group were 2.60 (SD 0.97; range 1–4) days and 5.60 (SD 3.06; range 2–13) days, respectively (p = 0.08). The mean times of the first NANC of 4 newly diagnosed subjects in the FNC group and 10 subjects in the control group were 2.50 (SD 1.00; range 2–4) days and 9.80 (SD 4.73; range 3–19) days, respectively (starting from the initial treatment) (p = 0.01). No adverse events occurred in the FNC group, while 3 adverse events occurred in the control group (p = 0.06). The preliminary results showed that FNC treatment in the mild and common COVID‐19 may shorten the NANC time versus standard antiviral treatment. Therefore, clinical trials of FNC treating COVID‐19 with larger sample size are warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837847/ doi: 10.1002/advs.202001435 id: cord-324270-8rgkop42 author: Renaud-Picard, Benjamin title: Delayed pulmonary abscess following COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-06-18 words: 1184.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324270-8rgkop42.txt summary: The chest radiography showed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities that were consistent with a COVID-19 infection ( Figure 1A) . A nasopharyngeal swab, using RT-PCR, tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Between Days 8 and 25 of hospitalization, three specific serologies for SARS-CoV-2 were performed, all of which strongly demonstrated positive IgM and IgG levels (BIOSYNEX COVID-19 BSS rapid test, Strasbourg, France). We believe that patients that present with a severe form of COVID-19 pneumonia would benefit from a well-defined and specific followup after hospital discharge, including early clinical examination, chest CT, and pulmonary-function tests. Figure 1 : A: Chest radiography showing bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities, which are consistent with a COVID-19 infection, four days after symptom onset. B: Axial chest CT, one month after symptom onset, revealing one pulmonary abscess in the right lower lobe, which is associated with sub-pleural bilateral ground-glass opacities that are consistent with partially resolved moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32623310/ doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100776 id: cord-273587-nja58vxw author: Rendeiro, A. F. title: Longitudinal immune profiling of mild and severe COVID-19 reveals innate and adaptive immune dysfunction and provides an early prediction tool for clinical progression date: 2020-09-09 words: 8910.0 sentences: 467.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273587-nja58vxw.txt summary: By profiling mild and severe COVID-19 patients and healthy donors with flow cytometry, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with broad dysregulation of the circulating immune system, characterized by the relative loss of lymphoid cells coupled to expansion of myeloid cells. While we observed no significant differences in the relative abundance of KIR receptors among COVID-19 patients with mild disease and healthy controls (Figure 3f) , a significantly higher proportion of cells expressed CD158i (NKG2A) in severe patients compared with mild or convalescent individuals. Despite the backdrop of a relative decrease in B cell numbers as disease progresses, we observed only a mild, non-significant increase in plasmacytoid cells in patients with severe COVID-19 compared with healthy donors (Figure 4a) . The resulting network of significant effects identified several clinical factors associated with specific immune cell populations, highlighting how age, sex, and disease severity jointly influence the circulating immune systems in patients with COVID-19 (Figure 6a) . abstract: With a rising incidence of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide, it is critical to elucidate the innate and adaptive immune responses that drive disease severity. We performed longitudinal immune profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 patients and healthy donors. We observed a dynamic immune landscape of innate and adaptive immune cells in disease progression and absolute changes of lymphocyte and myeloid cells in severe versus mild cases or healthy controls. Intubation and death were coupled with selected natural killer cell KIR receptor usage and IgM+ B cells and associated with profound CD4 and CD8 T cell exhaustion. Pseudo-temporal reconstruction of the hierarchy of disease progression revealed dynamic time changes in the global population recapitulating individual patients and the development of an eight-marker classifier of disease severity. Estimating the effect of clinical progression on the immune response and early assessment of disease progression risks may allow implementation of tailored therapies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.08.20189092v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20189092 id: cord-266183-uzuda3ir author: Renieris, Georgios title: Serum Hydrogen Sulfide and Outcome Association in Pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 Corona virus date: 2020-05-18 words: 2204.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266183-uzuda3ir.txt summary: In light of these observations suggesting a pivotal role of H2S in the pathogenesis of Covid-19, we studied the serum levels of H2S and its association with final outcome in a cohort of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. Due to the described anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesize that elevated levels of H2S in serum are associated with a favourable outcome of Covid-19 pneumonia. Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) (9); (iii) absolute blood cell counts and biochemistry on admission and follow-up; and 28-day survival. Following ROC curve analysis, it was found that serum levels of H2S on day 1 lower than 150.44μΜ had the best trade-off for sensitivity and specificity for death (Figure 3Aand B ). Forward stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that serum H2S on day 1 above 150.44μM is an independent protective factor for unfavourable outcome of COVID-19 even in the presence of severity scores (Table 1) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The pneumonia of COVID-19 illness has often a subtle initial presentation making mandatory the use of biomarkers for evaluation of severity and prediction of final patient disposition. We evaluated the use of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for the outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS & METHODS: We studied 74 patients with COVID-19. Clinical data were collected, and survival predictors were calculated. Blood was collected within 24 hours after admission (day 1) and on day 7. H2S was measured in sera by monobromobimane derivation (MBB) followed by high performance liquid chromatography and correlated to other markers like procalcitonin (PCT) and C- reactive protein (CRP). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 were also measured in serum. RESULTS: Survivors had significantly higher H2S levels on day 1 and 7 after admission. A cut-off point of 150.44 μM could discriminate survivors from non-survivors with 80% sensitivity, 73.4% specificity and negative predictive value 95.9%. Mortality after 28 days was 32% with admission levels lower or equal to 150.44 μΜ and 4.1% with levels above 150.44 μΜ (p: 0.0008). Mortality was significantly greater among patients with a decrease of H2S levels from day 1 to day 7 greater or equal to 36% (p: 0.0005). Serum H2S on day 1 was negatively correlated with IL- 6 and CRP and positively correlated with the absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that H2S is a potential marker for severity and final outcome of pneumonia by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Its correlation with IL- 6 suggests anti-inflammatory properties. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000001562 doi: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001562 id: cord-264907-y4vefr98 author: Renke, Christine title: Utilization of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners as Adult Critical Care Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Novel Approach date: 2020-06-17 words: 2658.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264907-y4vefr98.txt summary: Detroit-area hospitals were tasked with mobilizing institutional resources including personnel, personal protective equipment (PPE) , and the necessary medical supplies required to provide care for the surge of COVID-19 patients. To meet the challenge of the frontline provider deficit, Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (PNPs), with experience in the management of acute and critically ill patients, were a valuable resource to the COVID-19 ICU. This group of PNPs, equipped with evolving global and institutional COVID-19 standards of care and adult critical care guidelines, combined with support from adult critical care medicine faculty, provided frontline care to critically ill COVID-19 patients. An initial call for volunteers to staff the COVID-19 ICU was sent to inpatient advanced practice providers (APPs), including NPs, certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), and physician assistants (PAs). Following deployment, an email survey was sent to all APPs who worked in the COVID-19 ICU regarding their background, education, usual scope of practice, and overall experience during deployment. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0891524520301668 doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.06.005 id: cord-352524-g7khma2j author: Rennard, Stephen I. title: Chicken soup in the time of COVID date: 2020-05-06 words: 1143.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352524-g7khma2j.txt summary: Some years ago, we conducted a limited study of a potential anti-inflammatory effect of chicken soup. Sadly, in the Ebola crisis, the lack of welldesigned rigorous clinical trials resulted in very little knowledge gained about which medicines are effective and which are not [3] . The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for certain COVID-19 patients [6] . Of course, chicken soup has benefits beyond its potential medicinal value. Chicken soup, often made by a lengthy and loving process, can provide real psychosocial support. People will seek out these ''chicken soups'' as they provide social support together with the reassurance associated with doing something. Nevertheless, when added to all the other efforts required to address the COVID-19 crisis, the ''chicken soups'' may have something to offer. Treating COVID-19-Off-Label Drug Use, Compassionate Use, and Randomized Clinical Trials During Pandemics abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.044 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.044 id: cord-318194-m4vu77v6 author: Rentsch, Christopher T. title: Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-22 words: 5450.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318194-m4vu77v6.txt summary: We evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. Notably, our analysis found that underlying health conditions did not explain any of the disparity between racial/ethnic groups in the odds of testing positive for COVID-19 or subsequent mortality in models already accounting for demographics, principally age, rural/urban residence, and VA site of care-essential information to help guide effective interventions. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing concern that racial and ethnic minority communities around the world are experiencing a disproportionate burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated racial and ethnic disparities in patterns of COVID-19 testing (i.e., who received testing and who tested positive) and subsequent mortality in the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This retrospective cohort study included 5,834,543 individuals receiving care in the US Department of Veterans Affairs; most (91%) were men, 74% were non-Hispanic White (White), 19% were non-Hispanic Black (Black), and 7% were Hispanic. We evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and receipt of COVID-19 testing, a positive test result, and 30-day mortality, with multivariable adjustment for a wide range of demographic and clinical characteristics including comorbid conditions, health behaviors, medication history, site of care, and urban versus rural residence. Between February 8 and July 22, 2020, 254,595 individuals were tested for COVID-19, of whom 16,317 tested positive and 1,057 died. Black individuals were more likely to be tested (rate per 1,000 individuals: 60.0, 95% CI 59.6–60.5) than Hispanic (52.7, 95% CI 52.1–53.4) and White individuals (38.6, 95% CI 38.4–38.7). While individuals from minority backgrounds were more likely to test positive (Black versus White: odds ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% CI 1.85–2.01, p < 0.001; Hispanic versus White: OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.74–1.94, p < 0.001), 30-day mortality did not differ by race/ethnicity (Black versus White: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.80–1.17, p = 0.74; Hispanic versus White: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.73–1.34, p = 0.94). The disparity between Black and White individuals in testing positive for COVID-19 was stronger in the Midwest (OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.41–2.95, p < 0.001) than the West (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39, p < 0.001). The disparity in testing positive for COVID-19 between Hispanic and White individuals was consistent across region, calendar time, and outbreak pattern. Study limitations include underrepresentation of women and a lack of detailed information on social determinants of health. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide study, we found that Black and Hispanic individuals are experiencing an excess burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection not entirely explained by underlying medical conditions or where they live or receive care. There is an urgent need to proactively tailor strategies to contain and prevent further outbreaks in racial and ethnic minority communities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960880/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003379 id: cord-292987-e481oa2i author: Repici, Alessandro title: Endoscopy units and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Multi-Center Experience from Italy date: 2020-04-10 words: 1129.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292987-e481oa2i.txt summary: The aim of this survey was to investigate the burden of COVID-19 on endoscopic activity in a highrisk area of COVID-19 outbreak, approaches to evaluating patients, adoption and compliance of HCP with protective measures, and initial possible viral transmission outcomes from endoscopy units within a large, community-based setting (both between patients and healthcare personnel and between healthcare personnel). Most routine procedures have been cancelled or postponed, limiting endoscopy to urgent cases; we outline here the variability of approaches taken in different centers. In addition, all endoscopy units are in hospitals with at least one case of COVID-19, and in more than half of the Departments, procedures were performed in infected/high-risk patients. Most endoscopy units limited their activity to urgent cases, including also patients at high-risk of cancer, such as FIT+. The second relevant result of our survey is the fact that at least one in every 2 endoscopy units is directly involved in emergent or urgent procedures in COVID-19 cases. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.003 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.003 id: cord-270475-mkpn9tz6 author: Requena, Manuel title: COVID-19 and Stroke: incidence and etiological description in a high-volume center. date: 2020-08-05 words: 2426.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270475-mkpn9tz6.txt summary: Although COVID-19 pandemic has produced an enormous collateral damage over stroke systems of care leading to a drop of mild strokes admissions and late arrival of severe strokes, only incidental cases of large vessel occlusion (LVO) in young adults infected by SARS-CoV-2 have been reported without a clear causative relationship (4) . The presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with worse functional outcome and higher mortality among patients with acute stroke (11) ; in parallel, history of stroke has also been associated with more severe clinical symptoms and poorer outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (12) . From March 2 nd to April 30 th , 2050 patients were admitted to our center with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; of them 21 (1.02%) presented an acute ischemic stroke 21 and 4 (0.2%) suffered an ICH. Our study shows that the frequency of acute stroke in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospital admission is low (1%) and in most cases a usual cause of stroke was identified. abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased rate of thrombotic events has been associated to Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) with a variable rate of acute stroke. Our aim is to uncover the rate of acute stroke in COVID-19 patients and identify those cases in which a possible causative relationship could exist. METHODS: We performed a single-center analysis of a prospective mandatory database. We studied all patients with confirmed COVID-19 and stroke diagnoses from March 2(nd) to April 30(th). Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Final diagnosis was determined after full diagnostic work-up unless impossible due to death. RESULTS: Of 2050 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21 (1.02%) presented an acute ischemic stroke 21 and 4 (0.2%) suffered an intracranial hemorrhage. After the diagnostic work-up, in 60.0% ischemic and all hemorrhagic strokes patients an etiology non-related with COVID-19 was identified. Only in 6 patients the stroke cause was considered possibly related to COVID-19, all of them required mechanical ventilation before stroke onset. Ten patients underwent endovascular treatment; compared with patients who underwent EVT in the same period, COVID-19 was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (50% versus 15%; Odds Ratio, 6.67; 95% CI, 1.1-40.4; p 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of acute stroke in patients with COVID-19 was below 2% and most of them previously presented established stroke risk factors. Without other potential cause, stroke was an uncommon complication and exclusive of patients with a severe pulmonary injury. The presence of COVID-19 in patients who underwent EVT was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105225 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105225 id: cord-254256-8jhaxcn1 author: Ressaire, Quentin title: Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients date: 2020-08-28 words: 471.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254256-8jhaxcn1.txt summary: title: Low total cholesterol blood level is correlated with pulmonary severity in COVID-19 critical ill patients Every patient admitted in Saint-Louis Hospital''s Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France) for respiratory failure related to COVID-19 and who had an exploration of lipid abnormalities at ICU admission was included. All patients or their surrogate had information about the data collection and gave their nonopposition to the study (Ethical committee of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care [SFAR] IRB 00010254 -2019 -203). Of 54 COVID-19 patients admitted in our ICU from March 20, 2020 to April 15, 2020, thirtyone had an exploration of lipid abnormalities at admission (LDL-c, HDL-c, TC, apolipoproteins A1 and B (ApoA1 and B)). Association of Elevated Plasma Interleukin-18 Level With Increased Mortality in a Clinical Trial of Statin Treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*: Critical Care Medicine abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352556820301740?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.015 id: cord-331797-05kcygis author: Restauri, Nicole title: Burnout and PTSD in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intersection, Impact and Interventions date: 2020-05-27 words: 2832.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331797-05kcygis.txt summary: Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. As much as social distancing is being leveraged as a critical method of COVID-19 disease containment, both individual and system based practices will be required to reduce workplace stress and burnout and minimize the acute stress response and risk of subsequent PTSD. Support an infrastructure that allows radiologists and staff to work from home Decrease exposure and mitigate concerns about contracting the virus and promotes schedule flexibility Increase education treatment about burnout, ASD, and PTSD, via expert panel discussions and access to mental health Increase awareness and early intervention, reduce stigma Employ non-traditional methods of physician engagement (eg narrative medicine) abstract: Summary sentence Individual physicians and hospital administration should take proactive steps to minimize the compounding effects of high baseline burnout and the acute stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to promote wellness among health-care providers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546144020305469?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.05.021 id: cord-347013-nt6jmmcw author: Retzlaff, Kimberly J. title: COVID‐19 Emergency Management Structure and Protocols date: 2020-08-28 words: 2208.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347013-nt6jmmcw.txt summary: Perioperative leaders have shown agile responses, including quickly pulling together and mobilizing incident command centers, augmenting and modifying existing emergency management protocols, working together to agree on COVID-19 clinical protocols, and enhancing communication efforts with their teams to keep everyone apprised of the rapidly changing situation. Protocol changes included new requirements for staff member, patient, and visitor screening; conversions of physical spaces; careful consideration when determining which surgeries are urgent or emergent and must proceed; and updated PPE requirements. During the pandemic response, staff members manning the doors to health care facilities have relied on screening tools and questionnaires-such as the one developed at Roper St. Francis Hospital in Charleston, South Carolina (Sidebar 1)-to help determine whether visitors might be infected. These changes required perioperative and other nursing leaders to collaborate with the information technology team members to convert rooms and ensure nursing staff members could document patient care in the electronic health record. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857405/ doi: 10.1002/aorn.13149 id: cord-311635-hf6vrbyx author: Reuken, Philipp Alexander title: Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 words: 3481.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311635-hf6vrbyx.txt summary: We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID‐19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in two German transplant centers. Thus, we assessed COVID-19 prevalence/exposure, perception, compliance and behavior of transplant recipients and candidates on the waiting list in two German liver transplant centers in April 2020 using a crosssectional anonymous survey in patients and their household members. Responding to the item "I am afraid to become infected with the Coronavirus", SOT recipients reported a significantly greater fear of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 than their household controls ( Figure 1A and Supplementary Table S1). Here we demonstrate that fears associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed by liver transplantation recipients and candidates as well as by their household members. While fears and concerns associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed by SOT recipients and candidates, measures to prevent infection were frequently followed in the vast majority of patients. abstract: Patients with chronic liver disease and patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are vulnerable to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID‐19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in two German transplant centers. Seven (1.5%) patients and 10 (2.5%) controls had contact to confirmed COVID‐19 cases. Fear of infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 was expressed by 65% SOT recipients and by 55% SOT candidates. SOT recipients had higher levels of fear of infection and more often wore personal protective gear than household controls. Female gender, steroid treatment, and using the local newspaper as a primary source of information were independently associated with expressed fear of infection in SOT recipients. Younger age and more recent transplantation correlated with concerns of severe COVID‐19 expressed by patients and with concerns of worse medical care expressed by household controls. One third of the patients expressed fear that immunosuppression could worsen COVID‐19 but only 15% used the transplantation center as a source of information. These data show that fears associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic are frequently expressed but measures to prevent infection are frequently followed patients before and after SOT. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16118 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16118 id: cord-256051-87alqfkd author: Revzin, Margarita V. title: Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19, Part 1: Viral Pathogenesis and Pulmonary and Vascular System Complications date: 2020-10-01 words: 8850.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256051-87alqfkd.txt summary: Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Although SARS-CoV-2 disease (or coronavirus disease 2019 ) primarily manifests as a lung infection, with symptoms ranging from those of a mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), other multisystemic manifestations of this disease and related complications are becoming more commonly recognized (3) . Thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism (PE), peripheral venous and arterial thrombosis, and acute stroke (seen also in patients older than 50 years without risk factors) have all been reported (50-57). On the basis of the pattern and distribution of the opacities and the presence or absence of certain clinical signs (such as obesity), the authors developed a chest radiography severity scoring system that could be used as a prognostic factor of outcomes in young adult patients with COVID-19 (Fig 3) . abstract: Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared an official pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The infection has been reported in most countries around the world. As of August 2020, there have been over 21 million cases of COVID-19 reported worldwide, with over 800 000 COVID-19–associated deaths. It has become apparent that although COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, many other organ systems can also be involved. Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis of all manifestations of the disease, as well as its related complications, and proper utilization and interpretation of imaging examinations is crucial. With the growing global COVID-19 outbreak, a comprehensive understanding of the diagnostic imaging hallmarks, imaging features, multisystemic involvement, and evolution of imaging findings is essential for effective patient management and treatment. To date, only a few articles have been published that comprehensively describe the multisystemic imaging manifestations of COVID-19. The authors provide an inclusive system-by-system image-based review of this life-threatening and rapidly spreading infection. In part 1 of this article, the authors discuss general aspects of the disease, with an emphasis on virology, the pathophysiology of the virus, and clinical presentation of the disease. The key imaging features of the varied pathologic manifestations of this infection that involve the pulmonary and peripheral and central vascular systems are also described. Part 2 will focus on key imaging features of COVID-19 that involve the cardiac, neurologic, abdominal, dermatologic and ocular, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as pediatric and pregnancy-related manifestations of the virus. Vascular complications pertinent to each system will be also be discussed in part 2. Online supplemental material is available for this article. (©)RSNA, 2020 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001783/ doi: 10.1148/rg.2020200149 id: cord-127860-9fngwsh3 author: Reyad, Omar title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I date: 2020-03-20 words: 1354.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-127860-9fngwsh3.txt summary: title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Strike on Arab Countries and Territories: A Situation Report I The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus called COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV that first identified in Wuhan, China. Covid-19 is considered as the second Coronavirus outbreak that affects the Middle East region, following the MERS-CoV which was reported in Saudi Arabia in the year 2012. United Arab Emirates (UAE) was the first Middle East Arab country to report a Coronaviruspositive case, following the Wuhan city Coronavirus outbreak in China. In this work, the up-to-date information about COVID-19 is provided and the situation in Arab countries and territories regarding the COVID-19 outbreak is presented. The disease causes respiratory illness (such as the flu) with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. The disease causes respiratory illness (such as the flu) with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. abstract: The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new virus called COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV that first identified in Wuhan, China. The disease causes respiratory illness (such as the flu) with other symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. This new Coronavirus seems to be very infectious and has spread quickly and globally. In this work, information about COVID-19 is provided and the situation in Arab countries and territories regarding the COVID-19 strike is presented. The next few weeks main expectations is also given. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.09501v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266713-rghowch1 author: Reyes-Bueno, JA title: Case fatality of COVID-19 in patients with neurodegenerative dementia date: 2020-10-07 words: 2799.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266713-rghowch1.txt summary: DISCUSSION Our results suggest that case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher among patients with primary degenerative dementia than in other patients with similar mean ages and comorbidities. S a m p l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s COVID-19 was diagnosed according to the classification of the Spanish Ministry of Health: confirmed cases (patients with positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2) and probable cases (patients with a severe acute respiratory infection requiring hospitalisation and with clinical and radiological characteristics compatible with COVID-19, in the absence of RT-PCR confirmation). 13 These results are similar to our own: we found a COVID-19-associated case fatality rate of 43.4% in patients with dementia; this was significantly higher than the rate in the control group. Heart diseases were more prevalent in the group of patients with primary degenerative dementia, and were associated with a statistically significant increase in the mortality rate. Our study suggests that the case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with primary degenerative dementia than among other patients with similar ages and comorbidities. abstract: INTRODUCTION The elderly population is the group most threatened by COVID-19, with the highest mortality rates. This study aims to analyse the case fatality of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients with degenerative dementia. METHODS We conducted a descriptive case-control study of a sample of patients diagnosed with primary neurodegenerative dementia. RESULTS Twenty-four of the 88 patients with COVID-19 included in the study died: 10/23 (43.4%) patients diagnosed with dementia and 14/65 (21.5%) controls; this difference was statistically significant. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that case fatality of COVID-19 is significantly higher among patients with primary degenerative dementia than in other patients with similar mean ages and comorbidities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173580820302157 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.006 id: cord-321402-7a04kx5n author: Rezakhani, Leila title: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises date: 2020-11-12 words: 2985.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321402-7a04kx5n.txt summary: title: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for Patients Infected with COVID-19: Real Opportunities and Range of Promises exosomes derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ExoFlo) were used for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients. Despite the potential of MSC-derived exosomes for treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the use of exosomes for any purpose in SARS-CoV-2, including but not limited to reducing cytokine storm, exerting regenerative effects or delivering drugs are currently pending the generation of appropriate manufacturing and quality control provisions (49) .Current clinical trials highlight the potential benefits of stem cell secretome therapies for COVID-19 patients. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential treatment for critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 Treatment of severe COVID-19 with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes: a Nano Platform for Therapeutics and Drug Delivery in Combating COVID-19 abstract: There are no commercially available effective antiviral medications or vaccines to deal with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hence there is a substantial unmet medical need for new and efficacious treatment options for COVID-19. Most COVID-19 deaths result from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This virus induces excessive and aberrant inflammation so it is important to control the inflammation as soon as possible. To date, results of numerous studies have been shown that mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives can suppress inflammation. Exosomes function as intercellular communication vehicles to transfer bioactive molecules (based on their origins), between cells. In this review, the recent exosome-based clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are presented. Potential therapy may include the following items: First, using mesenchymal stem cells secretome. Second, incorporating specific miRNAs and mRNAs into exosomes and last, using exosomes as carriers to deliver drugs. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009308420301407 doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105009 id: cord-297395-5r4fxcuq author: Rezende, Leandro F. M. title: Adults at high-risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) in Brazil date: 2020-05-15 words: 2320.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297395-5r4fxcuq.txt summary: We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. Herein, we propose a calculation of the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk for severe Covid-19, based on routinely collected data from a nationwide, household-based survey in Brazil. Information on covariates including sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, and Brazilian state (26 states and the Federative District) were obtained to describe the proportion of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 by population strata. Compared with younger participants, older adults (≥ 65 years) were less educated, more likely women, white and presented higher prevalence of risk factors for severe Covid-19, except for smoking. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS: We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity. RESULTS: Adults at risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil varied from 34.0% (53 million) to 54.5% (86 million) nationwide. Less-educated adults present a 2-fold higher prevalence of risk factors compared to university graduated. We found no differences by sex and race/ethnicity. São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Rio Grande do Sul were the most vulnerable states in absolute and relative terms of adults at risk. CONCLUSIONS: Proportion and total number of adults at risk of severe Covid-19 are high in Brazil, with wide variation across states and adult subgroups. These findings should be considered while designing and implementing prevention measures in Brazil. We argue that these results support broad social isolation measures, particularly when testing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 is limited. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32491091/ doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002596 id: cord-281276-rffp6qe2 author: Rhazi, Karima El title: Ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription for Covid-19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 3414.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281276-rffp6qe2.txt summary: The paper conclude that, since health authorities in some countries recommended this off-label use treatment, physicians are challenged by the requirement of veracity while providing care to their patients and the implications of such a requirement; they are facing the challenge of balancing this guideline and their own conviction. To date and after the fifth months into the novel coronavirus pandemic, no drugs have demonstrated safety and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for patients with COVID-19. This decision has raised many questions and some ethical issues related to the hydroxychloroquine treatment prescription might emerge during the Covid-19 patients'' management. Reluctancy regarding the use of this drug for the treatment of patients with Covid-19 is justified by the absence of a high level of scientific evidence namely randomized controlled clinical trials proving the superiority of this drug for this indication, as we discussed above. abstract: Abstract The 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), has led to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, no drugs have demonstrated safety and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for patients with COVID-19. Although the association between Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin efficacy lack of solid evidence-base, several governments have adopted it for all virology confirmed Covid-19 cases even for those who are asymptomatic. In the following, we aim to discuss some of the ethical issues associated with the use of this treatment association. We mainly tried to discuss the following controversial questions: Is it ethical not to treat a patient while a treatment exists and is used for other indications than Covid-19 for which it’s not proven yet? If yes, is a randomized controlled trial to prove the hydroxychloroquine for the Covid-19 treatment, necessary, in the context of covid-19 pandemic? If No, is it the government’s right to decide the hydroxychloroquine treatment for all covid-19 patients? and what should be the physicians’ attitudes? Finally, what are the government, physicians, and patient’s rights and responsibilities? The paper conclude that, since health authorities in some countries recommended this off-label use treatment, physicians are challenged by the requirement of veracity while providing care to their patients and the implications of such a requirement; they are facing the challenge of balancing this guideline and their own conviction. Furthermore, the fundamental principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, and respect for persons should underlie any reflection process to address this dilemma. In addition, in a pandemic context, the limits between the government’s, practitioner’s and patient’s rights and obligations are not clear which could significantly endanger the universal ethical principles in clinical practice. It could also undermine any attempt to develop serious clinical trials to prove the considered off-label drug. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835062/ doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100547 id: cord-256634-gg8hptfg author: Rhodes, N. J. title: Multicenter point-prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-06 words: 4107.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256634-gg8hptfg.txt summary: Conclusions: While we observed high rates of supportive care for patients with COVID-19, we also found that ADRs were common among patients receiving drug therapy including in clinical trials. The objective of this point-prevalence study was to characterize the drug therapies used in the management of COVID-19, including supportive care and combination therapies, in an attempt to identify safety signals among acutely ill hospitalized patients. Data elements collected included facility demographics, total number of hospital and ICU beds prior to the pandemic, U.S. Census region location, patient populations served, facility type (e.g., academic, community, inpatient rehabilitation), and active clinical trial site status. In addition to whether patients were receiving supportive care or drug therapies targeted at SARS-CoV-2, we collected basic patient demographic information and vital status (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities, oxygen requirement, and ICU status). Patients were significantly more likely to receive COVID-19 directed drug therapy if they were enrolled in a clinical trial (26.9% vs 3.2%; P <0.001). abstract: Background: There are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of COVID-19. At the onset of the pandemic, off-label medication use was supported by limited or no clinical data. We sought to characterize experimental COVID-19 therapies and identify safety signals during this period. Methods: We conducted a non-interventional, multicenter, point prevalence study of patients hospitalized with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. Clinical and treatment characteristics within a 24-hour window were evaluated in a random sample of up to 30 patients per site. The primary objective was to describe COVID-19 targeted therapies. The secondary objective was to describe adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: A total of 352 patients from 15 US hospitals were included. Most patients were treated at academic medical centers (53.4%) or community hospitals (42.6%). Sixty-seven patients (19%) were receiving drug therapy in addition to supportive care. Drug therapies included hydroxychloroquine (69%), remdesivir (10%), and interleukin-6 inhibitors (9%). Five patients (7.5%) were receiving combination therapy. Patients with a history of asthma (14.9% vs. 7%, p=0.037) and those enrolled in clinical trials (26.9% vs. 3.2%, p<0.001) were more likely to receive therapy. Among those receiving COVID-19 therapy, eight patients (12%) experienced an ADR, and ADRs were more commonly recognized in patients enrolled in clinical trials (62.5% vs 22%, OR=5.9, p=0.028). Conclusions: While we observed high rates of supportive care for patients with COVID-19, we also found that ADRs were common among patients receiving drug therapy including in clinical trials. Comprehensive systems are needed to identify and mitigate ADRs associated with experimental COVID-19 therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32577687/ doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20121558 id: cord-253556-p1y0zeo1 author: Rhodes, Scott D. title: A rapid qualitative assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a racially/ethnically diverse sample of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV in the US South date: 2020-08-12 words: 5495.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253556-p1y0zeo1.txt summary: Our community-based participatory research partnership collected and analyzed semi-structured interview data to understand the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV. Interventions are needed to ensure that PLWH have updated information and adhere to medication regimens, and to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on social isolation, economic stability, healthcare access, and other social determinants of health within this vulnerable population. Our long-standing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership sought to qualitatively explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within a racially/ethnically diverse sample of GBMSM living with HIV. Another participant commented, "I am working out less to avoid public settings." (P9, White, 23 years old) However, some participants reported positive changes they had made in their health behaviors as a result of staying home and other adaptations related to COVID-19 prevention. abstract: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19-related illness. Our community-based participatory research partnership collected and analyzed semi-structured interview data to understand the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a sample of racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men living with HIV. Fifteen cisgender men participated; their mean age was 28. Six participants were Black/African American, five were Spanish-speaking Latinx, and four were White. Seventeen themes emerged that were categorized into six domains: knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19; COVID-19 information sources and perceptions of trustworthiness; impact of COVID-19 on behaviors, health, and social determinants of health; and general COVID-19-related concerns. Interventions are needed to ensure that PLWH have updated information and adhere to medication regimens, and to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on social isolation, economic stability, healthcare access, and other social determinants of health within this vulnerable population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818212/ doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-57507/v1 id: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author: Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 words: 2256.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt summary: The COVID-19 crisis affects every aspect of clinical trial research engagement including: recruitment and retention; ability to ensure participant safety while engaged in experimental interventions; study procedures, including consideration of remote assessments, impact on populations with health disparities, and generalizability of future results; outcome measures, including biomarker assessment; impact on the clinical trial workforce, including attrition; impact on dissemination of results and scientific collaborations, which move the clinical trial infrastructure forward; current and future funding allocations; and regulatory considerations in regards to management of altered study conduct and change of outcome measures (Fig. 1) . The purpose of this article is to highlight the impact of disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic on geriatric clinical trials research and propose approaches for the scientific community to continue pushing forward. The vulnerability of older adults to COVID-19 is a critical reminder for the need to prepare for disasters during clinical trial design. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32939681/ doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01705-x id: cord-255695-10stetqg author: Riad, Abanoub title: Oral Candidiasis in Non‐Severe COVID‐19 Patients: Call for Antibiotic Stewardship date: 2020-09-21 words: 770.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255695-10stetqg.txt summary: Bacterial/fungal coinfection is a suggested etiological theory for the COVID‐19 related oral manifestations that may trigger overprescribing of broad‐spectrum antibiotics for COVID‐19 patients, especially for the ones who experience a longer course of the infection. Rigorous reporting of the clinical scenarios of fungal complications such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) which could cause life‐threatening candidemia may help in understanding the ongoing pandemic and the potential role of dentists in frontline teams.(1,2) Therefore, we aim to describe a non‐severe COVID‐19 case with oral candidiasis according to the CARE guidelines.(3) Dear Editor, Bacterial/fungal coinfection is a suggested etiological theory for the COVID-19 related oral manifestations that may trigger overprescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics for COVID-19 patients, especially for the ones who experience a longer course of the infection. Heretofore, only one cohort of 53 hospitalised COVID-19 cases with OPC was reported where cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were the most common underlying conditions in addition to other risk factors such as old age, ICU admission, lymphocytopenia, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroids. abstract: Bacterial/fungal coinfection is a suggested etiological theory for the COVID‐19 related oral manifestations that may trigger overprescribing of broad‐spectrum antibiotics for COVID‐19 patients, especially for the ones who experience a longer course of the infection. Rigorous reporting of the clinical scenarios of fungal complications such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) which could cause life‐threatening candidemia may help in understanding the ongoing pandemic and the potential role of dentists in frontline teams.(1,2) Therefore, we aim to describe a non‐severe COVID‐19 case with oral candidiasis according to the CARE guidelines.(3) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042219/ doi: 10.1111/ors.12561 id: cord-315343-ywgoqlxj author: Ribeiro, Haroldo V. title: City size and the spreading of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-09-23 words: 5473.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315343-ywgoqlxj.txt summary: Our results indicate small towns are proportionally more affected by COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, such that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths per capita initially decrease with population size. However, during the long-term course of the pandemic, this urban advantage vanishes and large cities start to exhibit higher incidence of cases and deaths, such that every 1% rise in population is associated with a 0.14% increase in the number of fatalities per capita after about four months since the first two daily deaths. Investigating whether this behavior generalizes to other places and how different quantities such as the number of cases and deaths scale with city size are thus important elements for a better understanding of the spreading of COVID-19 in urban areas. To test for an increasing urban advantage for the treatment of COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, we investigate the scaling relation between the number of hospital intensive care unit (ICU) beds and city population. abstract: The current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented example of how fast an infectious disease can spread around the globe (especially in urban areas) and the enormous impact it causes on public health and socio-economic activities. Despite the recent surge of investigations about different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we still know little about the effects of city size on the propagation of this disease in urban areas. Here we investigate how the number of cases and deaths by COVID-19 scale with the population of Brazilian cities. Our results indicate small towns are proportionally more affected by COVID-19 during the initial spread of the disease, such that the cumulative numbers of cases and deaths per capita initially decrease with population size. However, during the long-term course of the pandemic, this urban advantage vanishes and large cities start to exhibit higher incidence of cases and deaths, such that every 1% rise in population is associated with a 0.14% increase in the number of fatalities per capita after about four months since the first two daily deaths. We argue that these patterns may be related to the existence of proportionally more health infrastructure in the largest cities and a lower proportion of older adults in large urban areas. We also find the initial growth rate of cases and deaths to be higher in large cities; however, these growth rates tend to decrease in large cities and to increase in small ones over time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13892v2.pdf doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239699 id: cord-343122-lppdauei author: Ribeiro, Helena title: Does Vitamin D play a role in the management of Covid-19 in Brazil? date: 2020-05-22 words: 2481.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343122-lppdauei.txt summary: The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. (Isaia and Medico, 2020, p.1) a Reference studies show the role of optimal vitamin D levels in the prevention and control of severe respiratory infections. 12 hypothesize that supplementation with vitamin D, to increase concentrations in the general population, above 38 ng/ml, would result in significant health benefit, by reducing the burden of viral infections of the respiratory tract in healthy adults living in temperate climates. Adequate vitamin D status may play a role in prevention and management of respiratory tract infections, which might include the Covid-19 pandemic, especially among the older population and health professionals worldwide. abstract: The study discusses the possible role of adequate vitamin D status in plasma or serum for preventing acute respiratory infections during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our arguments respond to an article, published in Italy, that describes the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in older Italian women and raises the possible preventive and therapeutic role of optimal vitamin D levels. Based on literature review, we highlight the findings regarding the protective role of vitamin D for infectious diseases of the respiratory system. However, randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Adequate vitamin D status is obtained from sun exposure and foods rich in vitamin D. Studies in Brazil have shown that hypovitaminosis D is quite common in spite of high insolation. Authors recommend ecological, epidemiological and randomized controlled trials studies to verify this hypothesis. url: https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002545 doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002545 id: cord-281887-b511bjdy author: Ribeiro, Reitan title: Perioperative Cancer Care in the Context of Limited Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology Recommendations date: 2020-09-26 words: 4739.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281887-b511bjdy.txt summary: DISCUSSION: The rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the incubation period of a corona virus infection is important in this context. CONCLUSIONS: We present a protocol, focused on the patients'' outcomes, for safe and rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the virus incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources. Our objective was to present the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) protocol for rational use of resources and for reducing the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the coronavirus incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources, and focused on patient outcomes. In light of all the previous considerations, Table 3 presents our suggested protocol for the rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients from being operated on during the COVID-19 incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic moves from rich to poor nations, the healthcare systems of developing countries have to deal with this extra burden. As cancer care cannot stop and surgery is the main mechanism for cure and palliation, it is important to provide safe and rational access to cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: From April 1st to May 1st, the committee of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) was responsible for reviewing the literature and writing recommendations for perioperative cancer care in the context of limited resources during the pandemic. The recommendations were submitted to the BSSO board of directors. The orientations that were not consensual were removed and the suggestions were added to the text. From May 15 to 30th, the committee revised the recommendations, aligned them with the objectives of the work and standardize the text. DISCUSSION: The rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the incubation period of a corona virus infection is important in this context. Prevalence of corona virus in the region, the need for surgery, surgical complexity, patient age and comorbidities, and availability of corona virus testing are central aspects in this matter and are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We present a protocol, focused on the patients’ outcomes, for safe and rational use of resources to reduce the risk of surgical cancer patients being operated on during the virus incubation period, in the context of areas with limited resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-09098-x doi: 10.1245/s10434-020-09098-x id: cord-298817-q29br2o5 author: Ribera, Aida title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Respuesta date: 2020-09-03 words: 466.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298817-q29br2o5.txt summary: title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La existencia de riesgos competitivos es también una de nuestras principales hipótesis para explicar la reducción de ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 1 . El exceso de mortalidad por cualquier causa de más del 50% que hubo en Cataluña (11.568 defunciones), especialmente de mayores de 74 años (9.749) 2 , explicaría también el ligero descenso de la media de edad de los pacientes atendidos 3 . El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 Reducción de los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Cataluña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32901169/ doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.015 id: cord-011482-c2jdjh2u author: Riccardo, Bertolo title: Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 244.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011482-c2jdjh2u.txt summary: key: cord-011482-c2jdjh2u title: Re: Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic cord_uid: c2jdjh2u To date, real-time polymerase chain reaction in respiratory samples is the gold standard method for diagnosing COVID-19 (6) . Nevertheless, molecular tests are time consuming, requiring specialized operators, thus limiting widespread use in real-life. This is why we adopted VivaDiagTM COVID-19 IgM/IgG test. Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urologist''s clinical practice in Brazil: a management guideline proposal for low-and middle-income countries during the crisis period Robotic Urology Section) guidelines during COVID-19 emergency. Performance of VivaDiag COVID-19 IgM/ IgG Rapid Test is inadequate for diagnosis of COVID-19 in acute patients referring to emergency room department Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis To the president Ettore Sansavini, who offered the health-care professionals of San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, to undergo the test. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7239289/ doi: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0306 id: cord-275978-pezm1tnw author: Riccardo, Flavia title: Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic date: 2020-04-11 words: 5549.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275978-pezm1tnw.txt summary: Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. However, once interventions are introduced or the susceptibility in the population decreases, the transmission potential at a given time t is measured as the net reproduction number Rt. In this paper, we estimated both R0 and Rt for Italian regions in different epidemiological situations (high, intermediate and low age-adjusted attack rates), selected among those with highest data robustness. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. In this paper, we summarize key epidemiological findings from data on the first 62,843 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Italy, including 5,541 associated deaths, and initial findings on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility across different regions. abstract: Background In February 2020, a locally-acquired COVID-19 case was detected in Lombardia, Italy. This was the first signal of ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the country. The outbreak rapidly escalated to a national level epidemic, amid the WHO declaration of a pandemic. Methods We analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. Here we provide a descriptive epidemiological summary on the first 62,843 COVID-19 cases in Italy as well as estimates of the basic and net reproductive numbers by region. Findings Of the 62,843 cases of COVID-19 analysed, 71.6% were reported from three Regions (Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). All cases reported after February 20th were locally acquired. Estimates of R0 varied between 2.5 (95%CI: 2.18-2.83) in Toscana and 3 (95%CI: 2.68-3.33) in Lazio, with epidemic doubling time of 3.2 days (95%CI: 2.3-5.2) and 2.9 days (95%CI: 2.2-4.3), respectively. The net reproduction number showed a decreasing trend starting around February 20-25, 2020 in northern regions. Notably, 5,760 cases were reported among health care workers. Of the 5,541 reported COVID-19 associated deaths, 49% occurred in people aged 80 years or above with an overall crude CFR of 8.8%. Male sex and age were independent risk factors for COVID-19 death. Interpretation The COVID-19 infection in Italy emerged with a clustering onset similar to the one described in Wuhan, China and likewise showed worse outcomes in older males with comorbidities. Initial R0 at 2.96 in Lombardia, explains the high case-load and rapid geographical spread observed. Overall Rt in Italian regions is currently decreasing albeit with large diversities across the country, supporting the importance of combined non-pharmacological control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20056861 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20056861 id: cord-274470-82nhmusm author: Ricciardi, Gabriella title: Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 1302.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274470-82nhmusm.txt summary: Eventually, due to the inhospital risk of disease transmission, the number of working doctors has been restricted and some providers have been moved to hospital areas in dire need of physicians experienced in caring for critically ill patients. The SOcial MEdia platforms (SoMe), such as LinkedIn or Twitter, provide an excellent example of the unique opportunity of coupling personal professional advancement with up-to-date technological breakthroughs. 5 The role of these networks is undisguised also from the pandemic perspective since they have been used by world-famous iconic surgeons and doctors to popularize educational daily tips in form of "tweets" or short messages about the disease itself, the way it spreads, the measurements to minimize its diffusion and other related virus-issues. To the point, The COVID-19 era is teaching us, as doctors and Residents, that we are scientists before anything else. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500923/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14680 id: cord-035290-ungilw9s author: Rice, Louis title: After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date: 2020-11-11 words: 2898.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt summary: The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown, there are changes to the determinants of health, the diverse range of environmental, economic and social factors that impact on human wellbeing, compared to the pre-Covid period. The Covid-19 event is perhaps an appropriate juncture for ''health'' to be considered as a new tenet for the urban design profession? The post-Covid-19 practice of urban design may be described as a form of ''spatial medicine'' (Fig. 1) . Temporal dimension These sub-categories comprise the wide range of issues that impact on humans, the natural world and planetary health. abstract: This article draws out key implications for urban designers from the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly the relation between urban design and health. The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. Urban Design already plays an important role in determining the health of urban populations but this relationship is often unclear, undervalued or ignored. The field of medicine is expanding to include all professionals who have an impact on the health of others, and this expanded field includes the urban design profession. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656894/ doi: 10.1057/s41289-020-00142-6 id: cord-011793-hlktpla4 author: Rice, Todd W. title: In Defense of Evidence-based Medicine for the Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2020-07-17 words: 1828.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011793-hlktpla4.txt summary: Although the desire to try to treat these patients with already approved drugs is understandable, what is less understandable is the desire in medical publications and on social media to abandon the principles of evidence-based critical care that we have established over the last 3 decades (9), because "I have never seen patients with ARDS act like this." Large, well-designed, multicenter randomized trials have set the foundation of an evidence-based practice of how to produce the best outcomes for critically ill patients. Instead, improved outcomes are seen through understanding and implementing best practices derived via strong scientific evidence generated from well-designed randomized controlled trials into the routine care of critically ill patients. Maintaining other principles of good critical care, as demonstrated in large, multicenter randomized trials, will also improve outcomes in these critically ill patients with COVID-19, even if "COVID-19 is completely different from other intensive care unit syndromes." Conservative fluid management once out of shock and without renal failure increases time alive and free from ventilation (15) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7328187/ doi: 10.1513/annalsats.202004-325ip id: cord-031818-lawd185l author: Rich, Robert Soler title: Expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case() date: 2020-09-12 words: 973.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031818-lawd185l.txt summary: title: Expanded mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Letter to the Editor Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a novel therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case in Spain To the Editor: When the natural immune response does not control the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it induces the production of macrophages and granulocytes with the consequent massive release of CD4 + T cells that produce IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in lung tissue damage 1,2 . This challenge was faced by researchers from the University of Shanghai, intravenously infusing a suspension of mesenchymal cells (MSC), reporting rapid clinical, radiological and laboratory improvements, comparing them with those of the untreated control group 5 ; effects attributable to the massive release of anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative cytokines from these cells that are trapped in the pulmonary capillaries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7486814/ doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.06.011 id: cord-024073-243addff author: Richards, Guy title: COVID-19 and the Rationale for Pharmacotherapy: A South African Perspective date: 2020-04-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187737/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia2 id: cord-033660-rbhs15og author: Richards-Belle, Alvin title: Critical care outcomes, for the first 200 patients with confirmed COVID-19, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: A report from the ICNARC Case Mix Programme date: 2020-10-08 words: 3509.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033660-rbhs15og.txt summary: 5 To help inform planning of critical care services, both centrally and locally, the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), was well placed to rapidly collate, analyse and report data, weekly, on patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 by virtue of its co-ordination of the Case Mix Programme (CMP), the national clinical audit for adult critical care covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland. This paper presents a new analysis of 60-day outcomes for the first 200 consecutive patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and explores the potential bias in the ICNARC weekly reports. ICNARC was well placed to rapidly collate, analyse and report data on patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 by virtue of its co-ordination of the CMP, the national clinical audit for adult critical care covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland. abstract: BACKGROUND: Early in a pandemic, outcomes are biased towards patients with shorter durations of critical illness. We describe 60-day outcomes for patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 and explore the potential bias in the weekly reported data by ICNARC. METHODS: First 200 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19, admitted for critical care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, followed-up for a minimum of 60 days from admission. Outcomes included survival and duration of critical care, receipt/duration of organ support in critical care and hospital survival. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.6 years, 70.5% were male, 52.0% were white, 39.2% obese and 9.0% had serious comorbidities. Median APACHE II score was 16 (IQR 12, 19). After 60 days, 83 (41.5%) patients had been discharged from hospital, 15 (7.5%) had been discharged from critical care but remained in hospital, 1 (0.5%) was still receiving critical care, 90 (45.0%) had died while receiving critical care and 11 (5.5%) had died in hospital after discharge from critical care. Median duration of critical care was 14.0 days (IQR 6.1, 23.0) for survivors and 10.0 days (IQR 5.0, 16.0) for non-survivors of critical care. Overall, 158 (79.0%) patients received advanced respiratory support for a median of 13 (IQR 8, 20) calendar days. Compared with weekly reports during the pandemic, critical care mortality started higher than but then decreased below that of the first 200 consecutive patients. Duration of critical care, for both survivors and non-survivors increased over time; however, both were still lower than those for the first 200 consecutive patients. Receipt and duration of organ support increased to values similar to those for the first 200 consecutive patients. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 in critical care has high mortality and places a large burden on resources. Analysis of preliminary data with limited follow-up should be interpreted with caution, particularly for future planning in a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548541/ doi: 10.1177/1751143720961672 id: cord-300192-fgueg4mo author: Richardson, David P. title: Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective date: 2020-08-20 words: 5743.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300192-fgueg4mo.txt summary: Recent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Many of the risk factors identified so far that are related to viral infections and deaths from COVID-19 have underlying associations with nutritional status and specific essential nutrients that are known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Furthermore, consumption of excessive quantities of some micronutrients can have adverse metabolic and health effects, and total intakes of each nutrient from all food and food supplement sources must take into account the tolerable upper safe level set by expert scientific committees such as European Food Safety Authority (78) , the Food and Nutrition Board/Institute of Medicine in the USA (31, 47, 79) and the UK Expert Vitamin and Mineral Group (80) . abstract: Recent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Other potential risk factors include lack of exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation, co-morbidities, poor diet, certain medications, disadvantaged social and economic status, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol. A key question is to understand how and why certain groups of people are more susceptible to COVID-19, whether they have weakened immune systems and what the roles of good nutrition and specific micronutrients are in supporting immune functions. A varied and balanced diet with an abundance of fruits and vegetables and the essential nutrients like vitamin D, vitamin A, B vitamins (folate, vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12)), vitamin C and the minerals, Fe, Cu, Se and Zn are all known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Avoidance of deficiencies and identification of suboptimal intakes of these micronutrients in targeted groups of patients and in distinct and highly sensitive populations could help to strengthen the resilience of people to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to highlight evidence-based public health messages, to prevent false and misleading claims about the benefits of foods and food supplements and to communicate clearly that the extent of knowledge between micronutrients and COVID-19 infection is still being explored and that no diet will prevent or cure COVID-19 infection. Frequent handwashing and social distancing will be critical to reduce transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s000711452000330x doi: 10.1017/s000711452000330x id: cord-352096-cc3dzycl author: Richman, Douglas D. title: Antiviral Drug Discovery To Address the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: 1520.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352096-cc3dzycl.txt summary: Regardless of whether or when a vaccine becomes available, antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 will still be needed for several reasons: the unlikelihood that a vaccine will be 100% effective, the incompleteness of vaccine coverage because of both vaccine hesitancy and the numerous logistical challenges to accomplishing prompt large-scale immunization of the majority of the population, the possibility of limited durability of vaccine protection, the need for additional prophylaxis for high-risk subjects and poor vaccine responders, and the future value of effective antiviral treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and new coronaviruses that will likely emerge from zoonoses. suggest that the purported activity against SARS-CoV-2 of the two HIV protease inhibitors, lopinavir and nelfinavir, is probably attributable to cellular toxicity. Structurebased design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease AT-527 is a potent in vitro replication inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The magnitude of the morbidity and mortality inflicted upon the global population in less than 1 year has driven the inescapable conclusion that the discovery and development of effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 are urgent and should be prioritized. The antiviral drug discovery programs that emerged for HIV and hepatitis C virus have enabled technology and expertise to accelerate this process for SARS-CoV-2. The description of candidate lead inhibitors for the viral main protease (M(pro)) exemplifies this accelerated approach and reminds us of the needs and opportunities for addressing this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02134-20 doi: 10.1128/mbio.02134-20 id: cord-024564-ff5ex004 author: Ricoca Peixoto, Vasco title: Epidemic Surveillance of Covid-19: Considering Uncertainty and Under-Ascertainment date: 2020-04-09 words: 2792.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024564-ff5ex004.txt summary: Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. One document of the European Centre of Disease Control (ECDC) [10] reports that "the detection of CO-VID-19 cases and/or deaths outside of known chains of transmission is a strong signal that social distancing mea-sures should be considered." However, with restrictive testing strategies, these signals may be missed. abstract: Epidemic surveillance is a fundamental part of public health practice. Addressing under-ascertainment of cases is relevant in most surveillance systems, especially in pandemics of new diseases with a large spectrum of clinical presentations as it may influence timings of policy implementation and public risk perception. From this perspective, this article presents and discusses early evidence on under-ascertainment of COVID-19 and its motifs, options for surveillance, and reflections around their importance to tailor public health measures. In the case of COVID-19, systematically addressing and estimating under-ascertainment of cases is essential to tailor timely public health measures, and communicating these findings is of the utmost importance for policy making and public perception. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206356/ doi: 10.1159/000507587 id: cord-034690-x8lkngra author: Ridge, Carole A title: Dual-Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography (DECTPA) Quantifies Vasculopathy in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-10-29 words: 3213.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034690-x8lkngra.txt summary: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfused blood volume (PBV) maps recorded: i) perfusion defect ''pattern'' (wedge-shaped, mottled or amorphous), ii) presence of PT and CT obstruction index (CTOI) and iii) PBV relative to pulmonary artery enhancement (PBV/PAenh); PBV/PAenh was also compared with seven healthy volunteers and correlated with D-Dimer and CTOI. Accordingly, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the relationships between a quantitative measure of perfusion on DECTPA (relative perfused blood volume, PBV/PAenh) (22) , and i) disease duration, ii) right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography iii) Ddimer levels and (iv) obstruction score (23) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This early data demonstrated perfusion defects on perfused blood volume (PBV) maps, when available, as well as the presence of vascular dilatation on conventional CT, hypercoagulability and an increased dead space in 39 patients suggesting that pulmonary angiopathy was accountable for hypoxia observed in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of dual energy computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) in revealing vasculopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between DECTPA and disease duration, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), lung compliance, D-dimer and obstruction index in COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and waived the informed consent requirement. Between March-May 2020, 27 consecutive ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia underwent DECTPA to diagnose pulmonary thrombus (PT); 11 underwent surveillance DECTPA 14 ±11.6 days later. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfused blood volume (PBV) maps recorded: i) perfusion defect ‘pattern’ (wedge-shaped, mottled or amorphous), ii) presence of PT and CT obstruction index (CTOI) and iii) PBV relative to pulmonary artery enhancement (PBV/PAenh); PBV/PAenh was also compared with seven healthy volunteers and correlated with D-Dimer and CTOI. RESULTS: Amorphous (n=21), mottled (n=4), and wedge-shaped (n=2) perfusion defects were observed (M=20; mean age=56 ±8.7 years). Mean extent of perfusion defects=36.1%±17.2. Acute PT was present in 11/27(40.7%) patients. Only wedge-shaped defects corresponded with PT (2/27, 7.4%). Mean CTOI was 2.6±5.4 out of 40. PBV/PAenh (18.2 ±4.2%) was lower than in healthy volunteers (27 ±13.9%, p = 0.002). PBV/PAenh correlated with disease duration (β = 0.13, p = 0.04), and inversely correlated with RVD (β = -7.2, p = 0.001), persisting after controlling for confounders. There were no linkages between PBV/PAenh and D-dimer or CTOI. CONCLUSION: Perfusion defects and decreased PBV/PAenh are prevalent in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. PBV/PAenh correlates with disease duration and inversely correlates with RVD. PBV/PAenh may be an important marker of vasculopathy in severe COVID-19 pneumonia even in the absence of arterial thrombus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605077/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200428 id: cord-291697-wpnq9wc0 author: Riechelmann, Rachel P title: Evidence-based recommendations for gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic by the Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group date: 2020-05-22 words: 5855.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291697-wpnq9wc0.txt summary: RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. All the recommendations proposed in this manuscript, besides being evidencebased, aimed at the following objectives: (1) to prioritise curative-intent cancer treatments during the pandemic; (2) to support the treatment of aggressive tumours when effective therapies are available; (3) to decrease the number of or delay oncological non-priority surgeries; (4) to decrease hospital visits (e.g., substitute intravenous for similarly effective oral drugs; propose when and to whom treatments delays/ interruption/watchful waiting can be offered); (5) to minimise anticancer therapy-related immunosuppression in specific high-risk groups (here defined as: elderly, comorbid illnesses [especially diabetes, cardiovascular and/or pulmonary concurrent diseases], fragility, ECOG 2 or higher). abstract: PURPOSE: As of 2020, the world is facing the great challenge of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While the overall mortality is low, the virus is highly virulent and may infect millions of people worldwide. This will consequently burden health systems, particularly by those individuals considered to be at high risk of severe complications from COVID-19. Such risk factors include advanced age, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes and cancer. However, few data on the outcomes of cancer patients infected by SARS CoV-2 exist. Therefore, there is a lack of guidance on how to manage cancer patients during the pandemic. We sought to propose specific recommendations about the management of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. METHODS: The Brazilian Gastrointestinal Tumours Group board of directors and members sought up-to-date scientific literature on each tumour type and discussed all recommendations by virtual meetings to provide evidence-based—and sometimes, expert opinion—recommendation statements. Our objectives were to recommend evidence-based approaches to both treat and minimise the risk of COVID-19 for cancer patients, and simultaneously propose how to decrease the use of hospital resources at a time these resources need to be available to treat COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Overall and tumour-specific recommendations were made by stage (including surgical, locoregional, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and follow-up strategies) for the most common gastrointestinal malignancies: esophagus, gastric, pancreas, bile duct, hepatocellular, colorectal, anal cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Our recommendations emphasise the importance of treating cancer patients, using the best evidence available, while simultaneously taking into consideration the world-wide health resource hyperutilisation to treat non-cancer COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.1048 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1048 id: cord-322704-0suc6pt6 author: Riffe, T. title: COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths. date: 2020-09-23 words: 2899.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322704-0suc6pt6.txt summary: COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Centralization, standardization, and harmonization of data is critical to enable comparisons of the demographic impact of COVID-19 vis-à-vis differences in the age-compositions of confirmed infections and deaths. At this writing, the database contai ns daily counts of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests performed by age and sex for 87 national and 195 subnational populations around the world, depending on the available data for each source. Generally, COVID-19 cases, deaths and tests are reported as counts in 10-year age groups, but some sources report data in other metrics (fractions, percents, ratios) or as summary indicators such as case fatality ratios by age. The main strength of COVerAGE-DB is to provide a centralized, open-access, and fully reproducible repository of age-and sex-specific case, death, and test counts from COVID-19, collected from official sources, and harmonized to standard output formats. abstract: COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Original data and sources are provided alongside data and measures in age-harmonized formats. The database is still in development, and at this writing, it includes 87 countries, and 195 subnational areas. Cumulative counts of COVID-19 ases, deaths, and tests are recorded daily (when possible) since January 2020. Many time series thus fully capture the first pandemic wave and the beginning of later waves. An international team, composed of more than 60 researchers, contributed to the collection of data and metadata in COVerAGE-DB from governmental institutions, as well as to the design and implementation of the data processing and validation pipeline. We encourage researchers interested in supporting this project to send a message to the email: coverage-db@demogr.mpg.de url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.18.20197228v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197228 id: cord-298894-t5hyfum3 author: Rifino, Nicola title: Neurologic manifestations in 1760 COVID-19 patients admitted to Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy date: 2020-10-07 words: 4682.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298894-t5hyfum3.txt summary: Neurological manifestations were classified as: (a) cerebrovascular disease [53 pts (38.7%)] including 37 ischemic and 11 haemorrhagic strokes, 4 transient ischemic attacks, 1 cerebral venous thrombosis; (b) peripheral nervous system diseases [31 (22.6%)] including 17 Guillain–Barrè syndromes; (c) altered mental status [49 (35.8%)] including one necrotizing encephalitis and 2 cases with RT-PCR detection of SARS-Cov-2 RNA in CSF; (d) miscellaneous disorders, among whom 2 patients with myelopathy associated with Ab anti-SARS-CoV-2 in CSF. COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed: (1) by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal specimens [13] ; or (2) by RT-PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by bronchoscopy in case of high clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative test results on at least two nasopharyngeal swabs performed at least 24 h apart; or (3) in the presence of characteristic radiological interstitial pneumonia associated with typical symptoms (fever, dry cough, dyspnea), even with negative RT-PCR, with no other possible aetiologic explanation. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evidences from either small series or spontaneous reporting are accumulating that SARS-CoV-2 involves the Nervous Systems. The aim of this study is to provide an extensive overview on the major neurological complications in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Retrospective, observational analysis on all COVID-19 patients admitted from February 23rd to April 30th, 2020 to ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy for whom a neurological consultation/neurophysiological assessment/neuroradiologic investigation was requested. Each identified neurologic complication was then classified into main neurologic categories. RESULTS: Of 1760 COVID-19 patients, 137 presented neurologic manifestations that manifested after COVID-19 symptoms in 98 pts and was the presenting symptom in 39. Neurological manifestations were classified as: (a) cerebrovascular disease [53 pts (38.7%)] including 37 ischemic and 11 haemorrhagic strokes, 4 transient ischemic attacks, 1 cerebral venous thrombosis; (b) peripheral nervous system diseases [31 (22.6%)] including 17 Guillain–Barrè syndromes; (c) altered mental status [49 (35.8%)] including one necrotizing encephalitis and 2 cases with RT-PCR detection of SARS-Cov-2 RNA in CSF; (d) miscellaneous disorders, among whom 2 patients with myelopathy associated with Ab anti-SARS-CoV-2 in CSF. Patients with peripheral nervous system involvement had more frequently severe ARDS compared to patients with cerebrovascular disease (87.1% vs 42%; difference = 45.1% 95% CI 42.0–48.2; χ(2)= 14.306; p < 0.0002) and with altered mental status (87.1% vs 55.6%; difference = 31.5% 95% CI 27.5–37.5%; χ(2)= 7.055; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that involvement of nervous system is common in SARS-CoV-2 infection and offers clinicians useful information for prevention and prompt identification in order to set the adequate therapeutic strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10251-5 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10251-5 id: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author: Riggioni, Carmen title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 words: 15760.0 sentences: 1112.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt summary: This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. The first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were reported in China in December 2019 1 and rapidly led to pandemic. 40, 41 A seroconversion study in COVID-19 patients has found and association between disease severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA levels. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy may potentiate the low IFN-I and -III levels and moderate IFN-stimulated gene response reported in SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets and COVID-19 patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has developed into a pandemic. To date it has resulted in ~6.5 million confirmed cases and caused almost 400,000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID‐19 pandemic is the gravest health and socio‐economic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence‐based medical advice on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID‐19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a “cytokine storm” leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thrombo‐embolic complications and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID‐19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID‐19‐related topics should be based on more coordinated high‐quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. Over 140 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID‐19 and allergic disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535955/ doi: 10.1111/all.14449 id: cord-305000-yx4fu9ds author: Riley, Matthew J. title: Hereditary haemochromatosis, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 words: 2256.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305000-yx4fu9ds.txt summary: Background Syndromes of iron overload have been shown to increase the risk of severe clinical disease in viral infections. We present here the case of a 51-year-old man who developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). What does exist, however, is an evidence base for the detrimental impacts iron overload has on viral infections in general and the negative effects of HH on the immune system. Loss of structural integrity of the mutant HFE protein results in reduced expression on the extracellular surface and causes cellular uptake of iron to increase [7] . Homozygous and heterozygous mutations in HFE C282Y have been shown to cause hepatic iron overload promoting steatosis and liver fibrosis in HCV-infected patients [1] . The case shows a patient with hyperinflammation and COVID-19 with an underlying diagnosis of HH that was treated with Anakinra, that went on to develop hepatotoxicity, possibly as a result. abstract: Background Syndromes of iron overload have been shown to increase the risk of severe clinical disease in viral infections. Immune dysfunction is similarly described in hereditary haemochromatosis (HH). We present here the case of a 51-year-old man who developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). He was found to have HH post-mortem and we propose a link between his iron overload and the development of severe COVID-19. Case Report The initial clinical presentation consisted of cough, shortness of breath and fever. Pancytopenia, markedly elevated ferritin and d-dimer were present. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral ground glass changes consistent with COVID-19, widespread lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. A subsequent combined nose and throat swab was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). HLH was suspected based upon the H-score and Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, was commenced. Liver function acutely worsened and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed hepatic haemosiderosis. Intense splenic and cervical lymph node uptake were seen on a positron emission tomography (PET) scan and high doses of intravenous steroids were administered due to concerns over haematological malignancy. Results Day fourteen of admission heralded the start of progressive clinical deterioration with rapid increase in oxygen demands. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was trialled without success and the patient unfortunately died seventeen days into admission. Results returned after his death showed homozygous C282Y mutation of the HFE gene consistent with a diagnosis of HH. Post-mortem examination revealed widespread haemosiderin deposition in the liver along with lung pathology in keeping with severe COVID-19 and widespread splenic infarctions. Conclusion An association between HH and COVID-19 is not currently described in the literature. What does exist, however, is an evidence base for the detrimental impacts iron overload has on viral infections in general and the negative effects of HH on the immune system. We therefore postulate that the underlying metabolic and immune disturbances seen in HH should be considered a potential risk factor for the development of severe COVID-19. This case also adds to the evidence that hyperinflammation appears to be a unique and interesting characteristic of this novel viral disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259017022030039X doi: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2020.100052 id: cord-335720-pfo5oup7 author: Riley, William T title: National Institutes of Health social and behavioral research in response to the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: 2863.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335720-pfo5oup7.txt summary: Research: The National Institutes of Health has developed a range of behavioral and social science research initiatives to address the evaluation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies, their economic, social, and health impacts, interventions to bridge health care access disruptions, and the uptake and interpretation of virus testing, particularly in vulnerable and underserved communities. Early in the pandemic, NIH institutes, centers, and offices issued several calls for research using rapid funding mechanisms to communicate interest and priorities addressing research questions regarding mitigation effects, economic, and social impacts, downstream health effects, and the disproportionate effects in vulnerable and health disparities populations. The Social, Behavioral, and Economic Impacts of COVID-19, Particularly in Vulnerable and Health Disparities Populations Workgroup has developed funding opportunities to implement and evaluate digital and community-based interventions to extend the health care workforce, bridge health care access limitations, and engage communities to understand and reduce the adverse impacts of the pandemic on the health of underserved and vulnerable populations (NOT-MH-20-53, https://grants.nih. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been mitigated primarily using social and behavioral intervention strategies, and these strategies have social and economic impacts, as well as potential downstream health impacts that require further study. Digital and community-based interventions are being increasingly relied upon to address these health impacts and bridge the gap in health care access despite insufficient research of these interventions as a replacement for, not an adjunct to, in-person clinical care. As SARS-CoV-2 testing expands, research on encouraging uptake and appropriate interpretation of these test results is needed. All of these issues are disproportionately impacting underserved, vulnerable, and health disparities populations. This commentary describes the various initiatives of the National Institutes of Health to address these social, behavioral, economic, and health disparities impacts of the pandemic, the findings from which can improve our response to the current pandemic and prepare us better for future infectious disease outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa075 doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa075 id: cord-342599-558yn6pu author: Rinchai, Darawan title: A modular framework for the development of targeted Covid-19 blood transcript profiling panels date: 2020-05-22 words: 5230.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342599-558yn6pu.txt summary: Here we aimed to develop an approach to support the design of focused blood transcriptome panels for profiling the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a proof of principle, we designed three targeted blood transcript panels, each with a different translational connotation: therapeutic development relevance, SARS biology relevance and immunological relevance. In this proof of principle study, we used the available transcript profiling data from two separate studies to select Covid-19 relevant sets of modules (8, 9) . One of these applications provides access to module-level transcript abundance profiles for available Covid-19 blood transcriptome profiling datasets. Despite large differences between the two studies in terms of design, range of clinical severity, technology platforms and module coverage, the combined overall changes (detected at a high-level perspective) are consistent with those observed in known acute infections, such as those caused by influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or S. abstract: Covid-19 morbidity and mortality are associated with a dysregulated immune response. Tools are needed to enhance existing immune profiling capabilities in affected patients. Here we aimed to develop an approach to support the design of focused blood transcriptome panels for profiling the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We designed a pool of candidates based on a pre-existing and well-characterized repertoire of blood transcriptional modules. Available Covid-19 blood transcriptome data was also used to guide this process. Further selection steps relied on expert curation. Additionally, we developed several custom web applications to support the evaluation of candidates. As a proof of principle, we designed three targeted blood transcript panels, each with a different translational connotation: therapeutic development relevance, SARS biology relevance and immunological relevance. Altogether the work presented here may contribute to the future expansion of immune profiling capabilities via targeted profiling of blood transcript abundance in Covid-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.107243 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.107243 id: cord-279480-nqp1pc9v author: Ring, Laurence E. title: What Obstetricians should know about Obstetric Anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 words: 2783.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279480-nqp1pc9v.txt summary: Suggested modifications include an added emphasis on avoiding general anesthesia, a strong encouragement to infected individuals to opt for early neuraxial analgesia, and the prevention of emergent cesarean delivery, whenever possible. Compared to standard care in noninfected patients, the anesthesiologist may be more likely to replace a questionably functional epidural catheter in COVID-19 infected patients, in hopes to avoid urgent situations that may increase the odds for patient adverse outcomes (e.g. accidental dural puncture during a replacement of epidural catheter, or general anesthesia if urgent cesarean delivery) or avoidable exposures for healthcare providers (rushed replacement of neuraxial analgesia/anesthesia or general anesthesia in the operating room). If there does need to be a cesarean delivery on a patient who does not have an epidural catheter and is COVID-19 positive, the anesthesia team will need to weigh the risk of general anesthesia, including the risk staff exposure, to the possible risk of delay due to placement of a neuraxial block (typically a single shot spinal). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted obstetric anesthesiologists to reconsider the ways in which basic anesthesia care is provided on the Labor and Delivery Unit. Suggested modifications include an added emphasis on avoiding general anesthesia, a strong encouragement to infected individuals to opt for early neuraxial analgesia, and the prevention of emergent cesarean delivery, whenever possible. Through team efforts, adopting these measures can have real effects on reducing the transmission of the viral illness and maintaining patient and caregiver safety in the labor room. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151277 doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2020.151277 id: cord-267624-v6e9zzfg author: Rinkel, L. A. title: Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on acute stroke care date: 2020-07-20 words: 2540.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267624-v6e9zzfg.txt summary: We included consecutive patients who presented to the emergency departments with a suspected stroke and assessed the change in number of patients as an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) using a Poisson regression analysis. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on trends in hospital admissions for (suspected) stroke, patient characteristics, and workflow parameters of acute stroke care in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Study outcomes were: (1) change in the number of emergency department presentations; (2) change in proportion of stroke patients treated with IVT and EVT; (3) change in IVT and EVT treatment times; and (4) in-hospital complications. We observed a 24% decrease in the number of patients with a suspected stroke in the hospitals in the Amsterdam area during the height of the COVID-19 outbreak compared to a pre-COVID-19 control period. In summary, we found a substantial decrease in the number of suspected stroke presentations during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Amsterdam area, but no evidence for a change in quality of acute stroke care. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are concerns that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak negatively affects the quality of care for acute cardiovascular conditions. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on trends in hospital admissions and workflow parameters of acute stroke care in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: We used data from the three hospitals that provide acute stroke care for the Amsterdam region. We compared two 7-week periods: one during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (March 16th–May 3th 2020) and one prior to the outbreak (October 21st–December 8th 2019). We included consecutive patients who presented to the emergency departments with a suspected stroke and assessed the change in number of patients as an incidence-rate ratio (IRR) using a Poisson regression analysis. Other outcomes were the IRR for stroke subtypes, change in use of reperfusion therapy, treatment times, and in-hospital complications. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 period, 309 patients presented with a suspected stroke compared to 407 patients in the pre-COVID-19 period (IRR 0.76 95%CI 0.65–0.88). The proportion of men was higher during the COVID-19 period (59% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). There was no change in the proportion of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (28% vs. 30%, p = 0.58) or endovascular thrombectomy (11% vs 12%, p = 0.82) or associated treatment times. Seven patients (all ischemic strokes) were diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: We observed a 24% decrease in suspected stroke presentations during the COVID-19 outbreak, but no evidence for a decrease in quality of acute stroke care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32691235/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10069-1 id: cord-280722-glcifqyp author: Rios, V. title: Is there a link between temperatures and COVID-19 contagions? Evidence from Italy date: 2020-05-19 words: 17627.0 sentences: 904.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280722-glcifqyp.txt summary: From an empirical perspective, the strand of literature analyzing its determinants has highlighted the relevance of different factors in shaping regional reactions to COVID-19 epidemic, such as air pollution (AQR, 2020a; Pansini and Fonaca, 2020; Setti et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020) , social mobility and connectedness (Arenas et al., 2020; Pluchino et al., 2020; Kuchler et al., 2020) , population density (Fang and Wahba, 2020; AQR, 2020b) , the level of policy stringency and the timings of the lockdowns Orea and Alvarez, 2020; Casares and Khan, 2020) , or the effects of proactive testing (Wang et al., 2020b; Romer, 2020) among others. (2020) investigate the link between climate factors within a sample of 50 cities of different countries all over the world by means of linear regression techniques finding that temperatures 2 meters above the surface, exert a negative and statistically significant effect on the total number of contagions whereas humidity increases them. abstract: This study analyzes the link between temperatures and COVID-19 contagions in a sample of Italian regions during the period ranging from February 24 to April 15. To that end, Bayesian Model Averaging techniques are used to analyze the relevance of the temperatures together with a set of additional climate, environmental, demographic, social and policy factors. The robustness of individual covariates is measured through posterior inclusion probabilities. The empirical analysis provides conclusive evidence on the role played by the temperatures given that it appears as the most relevant determinant of contagions. This finding is robust to (i) the prior distribution elicitation, (ii) the procedure to assign weights to the regressors, (iii) the presence of measurement errors in official data due to under-reporting, (iv) the employment of different metrics of temperatures or (v) the inclusion of additional correlates. In a second step, relative importance metrics that perform an accurate partitioning of the R2 of the model are calculated. The results of this approach support the evidence of the model averaging analysis, given that temperature is the top driver explaining 45% of regional contagion disparities. The set of policy-related factors appear in a second level of importance, whereas factors related to the degree of social connectedness or the demographic characteristics are less relevant. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20101261 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20101261 id: cord-299104-kb5gsig5 author: Riou, Marianne title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-12 words: 3626.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299104-kb5gsig5.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid lung diseases primarily hospitalized in a conventional pulmonology unit: a retrospective study Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. Despite a relative poor characterization of the mechanisms of COVID-19, known complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory failure led pulmonologists to prepare for the worst for their patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases (CLD) [2, 3] . abstract: Background: Scant data are currently available about a potential link between comorbid chronic lung diseases and the risk and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: To describe the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection, including patients with comorbid respiratory diseases, who have been primarily hospitalized in the pulmonology department of Strasbourg University Hospital, France. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 3 to April 15, 2020. We then compared the symptoms, biological and radiological findings, and outcomes for patients with and without chronic lung disease. Results: Of the 124 patients that were enrolled, the median age was 62 years, and 75 patients (60%) were male. Overall, 40% of patients (n = 50) had preexisting comorbid lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 15, 12%) and asthma (n = 19, 15%). Twenty-eight patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), and six patients died in our unit. Comorbid lung diseases were not predictive of ICU hospitalization, but a significantly higher total mortality was observed (17.6% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest the lack of an over-representation of CLD in COVID-19, representing 40% of patients in this cohort and even within a pulmonology department. CLD were not a risk factor for ICU management. However, a tendency to higher global mortality was observed in COVID-19 patients with CLD. Further studies are warranted to determine the risk of COVID-19 for patients with comorbid chronic lung diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259004122030057X doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100801 id: cord-252783-iw3hgkpj author: Risch, Harvey A title: Response to: Comment on “Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis” date: 2020-07-20 words: 337.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252783-iw3hgkpj.txt summary: title: Response to: Comment on "Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients That Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis" However, the tested Marseille subjects were all self-referred individuals, many from lower socioeconomic strata or recent immigrants, mostly with disease symptoms or known to have had exposure to people with symptoms, and their 152/1,061=14% "conventional unit" hospitalization suggests that at least this number would have been at high risk. Early outpatient treatment of symptomatic, high-risk Covid-19 patients that should be ramped-up immediately as key to the pandemic crisis Early outpatient treatment of symptomatic, high-risk Covid-19 patients that should be ramped-up immediately as key to the pandemic crisis Early treatment of 1061 COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Outcomes of 3,737 COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin and other regimens in Marseille, France: a retrospective analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685962/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa156 id: cord-355023-68lp7i5v author: Rishi, Praveen title: Diet, Gut Microbiota and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 5799.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355023-68lp7i5v.txt summary: In this context, a plant based rich fiber diet, which happens to be consumed by a majority of the Indian population, appears to be advantageous, as it replenishes the host gut microbiota with beneficial microbes thereby leading to a symbiotic association conferring various health benefits to the host including enhanced immunity. Further, implementation of the lockdown which has proven to be a good non-pharmacological measure, seems to have resulted in consumption of home cooked healthy diet, thereby enriching the beneficial microflora in the gut, which might have resulted in better prognosis of COVID-19 patients in India in comparison to that observed in the western countries. Here, it may be inferred that plant based, home cooked, rich fiber diet consumed by the Indian population during lockdown, might have resulted in generation of symbiotic microflora, thereby eliciting anti-inflammatory responses. abstract: Worldwide, millions of individuals have been affected by the prevailing SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, a robust immune system remains indispensable, as an immunocompromised host status has proven to be fatal. In the absence of any specific antiviral drug/vaccine, COVID-19 related drug repurposing along with various other non-pharmacological measures coupled with lockdown have been employed to combat this infection. In this context, a plant based rich fiber diet, which happens to be consumed by a majority of the Indian population, appears to be advantageous, as it replenishes the host gut microbiota with beneficial microbes thereby leading to a symbiotic association conferring various health benefits to the host including enhanced immunity. Further, implementation of the lockdown which has proven to be a good non-pharmacological measure, seems to have resulted in consumption of home cooked healthy diet, thereby enriching the beneficial microflora in the gut, which might have resulted in better prognosis of COVID-19 patients in India in comparison to that observed in the western countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33012868/ doi: 10.1007/s12088-020-00908-0 id: cord-325649-zzhsrytw author: Rispoli, Rossella title: Spine surgery in Italy in the COVID-19 era: Proposal for assessing and responding to the regional state of emergency date: 2020-08-07 words: 2780.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325649-zzhsrytw.txt summary: By the time of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the novel coronavirus as a global pandemic (1) , many hospitals in northern Italy were already overcrowded by COVID-19 patients, especially intensive care units, where about 50% of all available ICU beds were occupied by COVID-19 patients ( 2 ) . These include postponing elective surgical procedures until a more appropriate time, putting in place strategies to ensure urgent/emergency operations during the pandemic, defining type of hospital and the assistance pathways, designating COVID-19 operating rooms for urgent procedures with guidance information posted conspicuously to all the professionals, ensuring systematic and correct use of appropriate PPE, controlling and limiting the number of patients'' visitors, developing support strategies for healthcare professionals, and treating outpatients through telemedicine (teleorientation, telemonitoring, and teleinterconsultation) (5) . abstract: Abstract In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei province, from where it spread rapidly across the globe. COVID-19 characteristics – elevated infectivity, rapid spread, and general population susceptibility – pose a great challenge to hospitals. Infectious disease, pulmonology, and intensive care units have been strengthened and expanded. All other specialties have been compelled to suspend or reduce clinical and elective surgical activities. The profound effects on spine surgery call for systematic approaches to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of spinal diseases. Here, based on the experience of one Italian region, we draw an archetype for assessing the current and predicted level of stress in the health care system, with the aim of enabling hospitals to make better decisions during the pandemic. Further, we provide a framework that may help guide strategies for adapting surgical spine care to the conditions of epidemic surge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777401/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.001 id: cord-294537-wpq1492g author: Ritschl, Paul V. title: Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach date: 2020-05-10 words: 2530.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294537-wpq1492g.txt summary: title: Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach 6 As no consensus guidelines or international recommendations have been published on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) and organ transplant, the aim of this study was to offer a consensus-based approach to manage transplant programs until reliable data on risk and benefits of conducting organ transplants in times of a viral pandemic are available. the United Kingdom recommend a low threshold for SARS-CoV-2testing in transplant patients after contact with a positively tested person or subject to a broader spectrum of COVID-19-associated symptoms. Although SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal PCR shows reasonable sensitivity, a recently published study demonstrates that of 51 COVID-19 patients only 36 were initially positive in NAT. Until now, no solid organ transplant procedure has reportedly been performed on a SARS-CoV-2-infected patient. Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach abstract: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. Given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. Solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staff, intensive care units, and follow‐up facilities. The great therapeutic value of organ transplantation has to be weighed against mandatory constraints of health care capacities. In addition, the management of immunosuppressed recipients has to be reassessed during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. In addressing these crucial questions, transplant physicians are facing a total lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to offer an approach of consensus‐based guidance, derived from individual information of 22 transplant societies. Key recommendations were extracted and the degree of consensus among different organizations was calculated. A high degree of consensus was found for temporarily suspending nonurgent transplant procedures and living donation programs. Systematic polymerase chain reaction‐based testing of donors and recipients was broadly recommended. Additionally, more specific aspects (eg, screening of surgical explant teams and restricted use of marginal donor organs) were included in our analysis. This study offers a novel approach to informed guidance for health care management when a priori no scientific evidence is available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32323460/ doi: 10.1111/ajt.15933 id: cord-296306-xcomjvaa author: Rivett, Lucy title: Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission date: 2020-05-11 words: 6500.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296306-xcomjvaa.txt summary: Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Table 3 outlines the total number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed in each screening group (HCW asymptomatic, HCW symptomatic, and HCW symptomatic household contact) categorised according to the ward with the highest anticipated risk of exposure to high; ''amber'', medium; ''green'', low; . Three subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 positive asymptomatic HCW Each individual in the HCW asymptomatic screening group was contacted by telephone to establish a clinical history, and COVID-19 probability criteria ( Table 1) were retrospectively applied to categorise any symptoms in the month prior to testing ( Figure 2 ). 12/30 (40%) individuals from the HCW asymptomatic screening group reported symptoms > 7 days prior to testing, and the majority experiencing symptoms consistent with a high probability of COVID-19 had appropriately self-isolated during that period. abstract: Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3 week period (April 2020), 1032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital. Symptomatic staff and symptomatic household contacts were additionally tested. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viral RNA from a throat+nose self-swab. 3% of HCWs in the asymptomatic screening group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 17/30 (57%) were truly asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic. 12/30 (40%) had experienced symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)>7 days prior to testing, most self-isolating, returning well. Clusters of HCW infection were discovered on two independent wards. Viral genome sequencing showed that the majority of HCWs had the dominant lineage B∙1. Our data demonstrates the utility of comprehensive screening of HCWs with minimal or no symptoms. This approach will be critical for protecting patients and hospital staff. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392129/ doi: 10.7554/elife.58728 id: cord-263061-ocplcdiv author: Rivetti, Luigi title: Management of Pacemaker Implantation during COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-24 words: 1362.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263061-ocplcdiv.txt summary: This is the first case of complete atrioventricular block in a symptomatic patient affected by the COVID-19 infection treated with early pacemaker implantation to minimize the risk of virus contagion. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidance [2] and Italian position paper [3] about the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease in COVID 19 infection patients have been published; however, the suggested management of atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorder patients is not matching between the two proposed guidelines. Hence, the ESC recommendation [2] suggested a medical drug approach with isoprenaline and atropine and the implantation of temporary PM (tPM), leading the potential pPM after recovery from the COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the Italian position paper [3] recommends avoiding in any cases the tPM for risk infection, thus preferring early pPM implantation. abstract: The management of device implantation during the COVID-19 infection has not well defined yet. This is the first case of complete atrioventricular block in a symptomatic patient affected by the COVID-19 infection treated with early pacemaker implantation to minimize the risk of virus contagion. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833660 doi: 10.1155/2020/8833660 id: cord-254014-jowjkd12 author: Rivillas, J. C. title: Social response to early-stage government control measures of COVID-19 in Colombia: population survey, April 8-20 2020. date: 2020-06-22 words: 5943.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254014-jowjkd12.txt summary: These recommendations directly affected the entire population and included: reducing physical contact; reducing mobility and cancelling unnecessary travel; working from home; cancelling mass events; a 14 day at-home isolation period for people who arrived from international trips, or in cases in which someone in the household experienced a high temperature and sustained coughing; as well as increasing the frequency of hand washing and the use of face masks on public transport. o In the group of people who are resisting 40% are men; 68% are under 39 years old; 40% have savings and one out ten reported mental health problems; and 64% supported the government measures. • People who had a favourable perception of national and local government response to control the transmission of COVID-19 adopted preventive isolation measures (voluntary and mandatory) in percentages over 85%. abstract: On Monday, March 16, 2020, the government of Colombia announced actions to control COVID-19. These recommendations directly affected the entire population and included: reducing physical contact; reducing mobility and cancelling unnecessary travel; working from home; cancelling mass events; a 14 day at-home isolation period for people who arrived from international trips, or in cases in which someone in the household experienced a high temperature and sustained coughing; as well as increasing the frequency of hand washing and the use of face masks on public transport. In order to understand the public sentiment around these recommendations, Asociacion Profamilia developed an online survey through SurveyMonkey. The survey was completed by 3549 adult people in Colombia (+18 years) between April 8 and April 20, 2020. The survey in Colombia has four components: 1) socio-demographic characteristics, 2) responsibility for care and employment, 3) perceptions on risk and health, and 4) behaviour changes and ability to isolate. The considered socio-demographic characteristics were age, gender, residential area, vulnerable groups, education level, ethnicity, marital status, city of residence, home ownership and type of health insurance. For the socio-economic level, five indicators were considered: education level, employment status, income, household savings and home ownership. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20135145v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20135145 id: cord-182237-brzv7z2n author: Rizk-Allah, Rizk M. title: COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network date: 2020-04-06 words: 3962.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-182237-brzv7z2n.txt summary: title: COVID-19 forecasting based on an improved interior search algorithm and multi-layer feed forward neural network The proposed forecasting model, named ISACL-MFNN, integrates an improved interior search algorithm (ISA) based on chaotic learning (CL) strategy into a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MFNN). The process of algorithm is continued for updating the solutions (parameters) iteratively until the stop condition is reached, and then the achieved best parameters are invoked for configuring the structure of the MFNN model to perform the forecasting and analyzing the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19. The proposed ISACL algorithm is developed via two improvements which are the composition group based on individuals'' experience to emphasize the diversity of the population, and chaotic learning strategy is carried out on the best solution to improve its quality during the optimization process. abstract: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was emerged in December 2019 within Wuhan, China. As the crisis of its serious increasing dynamic outbreak in all parts of the globe, the forecast maps and analysis of confirmed cases (CS) becomes a vital great changeling task. In this study, a new forecasting model is presented to analyze and forecast the CS of COVID-19 for the coming days based on the reported data since 22 Jan 2020. The proposed forecasting model, named ISACL-MFNN, integrates an improved interior search algorithm (ISA) based on chaotic learning (CL) strategy into a multi-layer feed-forward neural network (MFNN). The ISACL incorporates the CL strategy to enhance the performance of ISA and avoid the trapping in the local optima. By this methodology, it is intended to train the neural network by tuning its parameters to optimal values and thus achieving high-accuracy level regarding forecasted results. The ISACL-MFNN model is investigated on the official data of the COVID-19 reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to analyze the confirmed cases for the upcoming days. The performance regarding the proposed forecasting model is validated and assessed by introducing some indices including the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the comparisons with other optimization algorithms are presented. The proposed model is investigated in the most affected countries (i.e., USA, Italy, and Spain). The experimental simulations illustrate that the proposed ISACL-MFNN provides promising performance rather than the other algorithms while forecasting task for the candidate countries. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.05960v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-263321-pzmo4hja author: Roach, P. title: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and virtual care for people living with dementia and care partners living in the community date: 2020-06-05 words: 5111.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263321-pzmo4hja.txt summary: To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 doi: medRxiv preprint Social distancing and cognitive decline A number of participants also expressed concern that the person living with dementia was experiencing more cognitive decline since the start of the public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengths of the study include that it was embedded in a prospective clinic registry which enabled us to quickly contact people living with dementia and their care partners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and link their data to physician collected information on cognitive assessment and disease diagnosis. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated public health measures that have impacted the provision of care for people living with dementia and their families. Additionally, the isolation that results from social distancing may be harming well-being for families, as formal and informal supports become less accessible. For those with living with dementia and experiencing agitation, social distancing may be even harder to maintain, or social distancing could potentially aggravate dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms. To understand the lived experience of social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada we remotely interviewed 21 participants who normally attend a dementia specialty clinic in Calgary, Alberta, during a period where essential businesses were closed and healthcare had abruptly transitioned to telemedicine. The impacts of the public health measures in response to the pandemic emerged in three main categories of experience: 1) personal; 2) health services; and 3) health status (of both person living with dementia and care partner). This in-depth understanding of the needs and experiences of the pandemic for people living with dementia suggests that innovative means are urgently needed to facilitate provision of remote medicine and also social interaction and integration. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20122192v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122192 id: cord-334311-i88ccp9w author: Robb, Catherine E. title: Associations of Social Isolation with Anxiety and Depression During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Older Adults in London, UK date: 2020-09-17 words: 6090.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334311-i88ccp9w.txt summary: We conducted separate multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between each of the following factors: sex (men, women), age (continuous, years), marital status (married/partnered, single/widowed/divorced), smoking (no, yes), alcohol consumption (continuous, units per week), sleep quality (not ever, < once per week, 1-2 times per week, ≥3-times per week), feelings of loneliness (never, rarely, sometimes, often), household composition (not living alone, living alone), level of remote friend/family contact via technology (daily, 2-6 times per week, ≤ once per week) and their association with risk of change in components of anxiety and depression since lockdown as separate outcomes (worsened, improved, no change). To our awareness, only one other study of a much smaller sample (n=236) reported on the associations of COVID-19-related social isolation on mental health among older people exclusively (44) , but the authors did not investigate the risk of age. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is imposing a profound negative impact on the health and wellbeing of societies and individuals, worldwide. One concern is the effect of social isolation as a result of social distancing on the mental health of vulnerable populations, including older people. Within six weeks of lockdown, we initiated the CHARIOT COVID-19 Rapid Response Study, a bespoke survey of cognitively healthy older people living in London, to investigate the impact of COVID-19 and associated social isolation on mental and physical wellbeing. The sample was drawn from CHARIOT, a register of people over 50 who have consented to be contacted for aging related research. A total of 7,127 men and women (mean age=70.7 [SD=7.4]) participated in the baseline survey, May–July 2020. Participants were asked about changes to the 14 components of the Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HADS) after lockdown was introduced in the UK, on 23(rd) March. A total of 12.8% of participants reported feeling worse on the depression components of HADS (7.8% men and 17.3% women) and 12.3% reported feeling worse on the anxiety components (7.8% men and 16.5% women). Fewer participants reported feeling improved (1.5% for depression and 4.9% for anxiety). Women, younger participants, those single/widowed/divorced, reporting poor sleep, feelings of loneliness and who reported living alone were more likely to indicate feeling worse on both the depression and/or anxiety components of the HADS. There was a significant negative association between subjective loneliness and worsened components of both depression (OR 17.24, 95% CI 13.20, 22.50) and anxiety (OR 10.85, 95% CI 8.39, 14.03). Results may inform targeted interventions and help guide policy recommendations in reducing the effects of social isolation related to the pandemic, and beyond, on the mental health of older people. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132942/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.591120 id: cord-329985-5rji08p7 author: Robba, Chiara title: Distinct phenotypes require distinct respiratory management strategies in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 4382.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329985-5rji08p7.txt summary: The abnormalities observed on chest computed tomography (CT) and the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients are not always like those of typical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and can change over time. Few data are available on the efficacy of noninvasive support-which includes continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO)-in COVID-19 pneumonia. When hypoxemia and respiratory failure persist or worsen after oxygen therapy or within a short time (1 hour) of placement of HFNO or NIV support, or in case of persistent hypercapnia, organ failure, coma, risk or aspiration, or hemodynamic instability, invasive mechanical ventilation should J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f be implemented as soon as possible (Fig. 2) . As noted above, we have found that chest CT findings in COVID-19 fall into three different phenotypes, each warranting unique mechanical ventilation settings and management strategies, which should thus be individualized based on clinical and CT features (Fig. 1, Additional File 1, Fig. S1 ). abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The abnormalities observed on chest computed tomography (CT) and the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients are not always like those of typical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and can change over time. This manuscript aimed to provide brief guidance for respiratory management of COVID-19 patients before, during, and after mechanical ventilation, based on the recent literature and on our direct experience with this population. We identify that chest CT patterns in COVID-19 may be divided into three main phenotypes: 1) multiple, focal, possibly overperfused ground-glass opacities; 2) inhomogeneously distributed atelectasis; and 3) a patchy, ARDS-like pattern. Each phenotype can benefit from different treatments and ventilator settings. Also, peripheral macro- and microemboli are common, and attention should be paid to the risk of pulmonary embolism. We suggest use of personalized mechanical ventilation strategies based on respiratory mechanics and chest CT patterns. Further research is warranted to confirm our hypothesis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2020.103455 doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103455 id: cord-324722-hcil0kj3 author: Robbins, Shira L. title: Economic impact on pediatric ophthalmologists in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 words: 3256.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324722-hcil0kj3.txt summary: For private practices (solo, multispecialty, and pediatric only), 43% of physicians (122/282) applied for the EIDL, and 40% received the loan. In contrast, for private practices, with 90% responding to the question, 50% (157/315) reported a reduction of >51% in staff through furlough or dismissal; 36% (112/315) reduced staff by >76 %. Within the private practice subgroups, each reported similar rates of respondents who will limit Medicaid patients. Disproportionate staff reduction by multispecialty groups may result from the AAO recommendation to cease all nonemergent care in contrast to pediatric ophthalmology practices, which may have been more influenced by the AAP''s directive to remain available for patients. 9 This survey revealed that a large number (nearly 90%) of pediatric ophthalmologists were either furloughed or had their salary reduced, and approximately 10% of those in private practice filed for unemployment. Although all sectors of pediatric ophthalmology were affected by the reduction in patient volume, at the 1-month juncture, the effect on private practices was greatest. abstract: Abstract In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the financial viability of pediatric ophthalmology practices. To measure the economic impact, the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) Socio-economic Committee surveyed current US members at the peak of the COVID shutdown, in April 2020. With a robust response rate, the survey portrays that some pediatric ophthalmology practices are ominously strained, if not irreparably harmed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1091853120301518 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.06.002 id: cord-346062-q0trgj12 author: Robert, René title: Ethical dilemmas due to the Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 5716.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346062-q0trgj12.txt summary: The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. As a result, four new options never applied to date were considered with the common aim of saving a maximum number of lives: to prioritize ICU beds for patients with the best prognosis; to increase at all costs the number of ICU beds, thereby creating stepdown ICUs; to organize transfer to distant ICUs with more beds available, or to accelerate withdrawal of life support in ICUs. Additionally, to protect the patients'' relatives, visits for families were prohibited or strongly limited and adequate communication between caregivers and families was disrupted, counteracting more than 20 years of research aimed at improving interaction with families and quality of care during EOL [1] . abstract: The devastating pandemic that has stricken the worldwide population induced an unprecedented influx of patients in ICUs, raising ethical concerns not only surrounding triage and withdrawal of life support decisions, but also regarding family visits and quality of end-of-life support. These ingredients are liable to shake up our ethical principles, sharpen our ethical dilemmas, and lead to situations of major caregiver sufferings. Proposals have been made to rationalize triage policies in conjunction with ethical justifications. However, whatever the angle of approach, imbalance between utilitarian and individual ethics leads to unsolvable discomforts that caregivers will need to overcome. With this in mind, we aimed to point out some critical ethical choices with which ICU caregivers have been confronted during the Covid-19 pandemic and to underline their limits. The formalized strategies integrating the relevant tools of ethical reflection were disseminated without deviating from usual practices, leaving to intensivists the ultimate choice of decision. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00702-7 id: cord-276249-9opsg7p2 author: Roberto, Katrina T. title: Electroencephalographic findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review date: 2020-09-15 words: 3122.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276249-9opsg7p2.txt summary: Patients with critical medical illnesses are known to be at risk for neurological complications like seizures and status epilepticus; however, the evidence is substantially limited in the context of COVID-19 infection (3) . Thus, the objective of this study was to review the EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through a systematic review of published relevant articles. We considered case reports/series, cross-sectional and cohort studies that reported on descriptive EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Other electroencephalographic findings reported in the available literature include isoelectric EEG consistent with brain death in two cases (1.1%) in one study and fast activity superimposed on slow waves in three patients (1.7%) (22, 23) . Although it is well known that critically ill patients are at high risk for seizures and Focal non-epileptic slowing is another EEG abnormality seen in a number of COVID-19 cases. EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS-CoV2/COVID-19: a small case series preliminary report abstract: BACKGROUND: Growing evidence of neurologic involvement seen in COVID-19 infection necessitates the pooling of neurodiagnostic findings like electroencephalography (EEG) that may guide clinical management. The objective of this study was to review the EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection through a systematic review of published articles. METHODS: We systematically searched until July 25, 2020 for published articles that reported on descriptive EEG findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in PUBMED by Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL by the Cochrane Library. RESULTS: From a total of 94 identified records, 29 relevant articles were included in this review. A total of 177 patients with COVID-19 with descriptive EEG reports were analyzed. The most common indication for EEG was unexplained altered mental status. Disturbances of background activity such as generalized and focal slowing were seen as well epileptiform abnormalities and rhythmic or periodic discharges. There were no consistent EEG findings specific to COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSION: The EEG findings in COVID-19 appear to be non-specific. Further research on the relationship of the EEG findings to the clinical state and short- or long-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients may be conducted to help clinicians discern which patients would necessitate an EEG procedure and would eventually require treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.007 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.007 id: cord-291397-look6ddt author: Roberto, Palumbo title: Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype? date: 2020-09-28 words: 5827.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291397-look6ddt.txt summary: Given the lack of specific therapy about the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a brief review to summarize the mechanism of action and the potentially side effects of the treatment currently available, focusing on the effects of the drugs on renal disease at different stages in terms of therapeutic management and survival. A randomized clinical trial, handled by a Chinese group, suggested that in hospitalized adult patients with severe infection, no benefit was observed with lopinavir/ritonavir beyond standard care in terms of time to clinical improvement, reduction of mortality and safety (side effects and discontinuation of treatment) [29, 30] . Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: To date the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), known as COVID-19, is for clinicians the most difficult global therapeutic problem. In this landscape, the management of patients with chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury or patients undergoing immunosuppressant therapies for kidney transplant or glomerular diseases, represent a clinical challenge for nephrologists, especially in patients with severe acute lung involvement. Therefore in this setting, due to the lack of anti-COVID treatment schedules, tailored management is mandatory to reduce the side effects, as consequence of impaired renal function and drugs interactions. We report the main treatment actually used against SARS-CoV-2, underlining its possible use in the nephropatic patients and the central role of nephrologists to improve the clinical outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02510-0 doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02510-0 id: cord-337061-nefb7a8c author: Roberts, Stephanie A. title: Considerations for Providing Pediatric Gender-Affirmative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-14 words: 1460.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337061-nefb7a8c.txt summary: As interdisciplinary professionals working with gender diverse youth, it is crucial that we continue to provide access to gender-affirming care (GAC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic, telemedicine was an effective delivery method of mental health services and consultation in GAC, particularly for those living in more rural areas, and has been successfully used for gender diverse adolescents [1e4]. While professionals may find that the guidelines and laws of their respective state licensing and regulatory boards (e.g., practicing telemedicine across state lines) vary, it is imperative to overcome these challenges to provide continuity in care to support transgender and nonconforming youth during this time. Here we review considerations for optimizing GAC care of gender diverse youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, gender diverse youth and their guardians should be reminded that fertility preservation does not have to occur before gender-affirming hormone therapy and studies have documented both successful pregnancy and oocyte retrieval after discontinuation of testosterone, and sperm retrieval after discontinuation of estrogen [17e19]. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X20304973 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.018 id: cord-302937-3yivxfi8 author: Robertson, Christopher T title: Indemnifying precaution: economic insights for regulation of a highly infectious disease date: 2020-05-30 words: 5935.0 sentences: 327.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302937-3yivxfi8.txt summary: For insights, we review health insurance moral hazard, agricultural infectious disease policy, and deterrence theory, but find that classic enforcement strategies of punishing noncompliant people are stymied. Under a strategy of social distancing, lockdown, or quarantine, individuals are directed or suggested to exercise precautions including staying home, closing businesses, wearing masks, and avoiding physical proximity to other persons. 17 For health insurance design, primary moral hazard may have a relatively small effect on risk-taking behavior, because individuals personally suffer many of the other risks associated with illness or injury (including pain, suffering, lost work, chance of death). In this case, although the risk does not approach zero, it is as if relative youth provides partial indemnity insurance against not only the healthcare costs, but also the pain, suffering, lost work, and chance of death that are associated with COVID-19 infection. abstract: Economic insights are powerful for understanding the challenge of managing a highly infectious disease, such as COVID-19, through behavioral precautions including social distancing. One problem is a form of moral hazard, which arises when some individuals face less personal risk of harm or bear greater personal costs of taking precautions. Without legal intervention, some individuals will see socially risky behaviors as personally less costly than socially beneficial behaviors, a balance that makes those beneficial behaviors unsustainable. For insights, we review health insurance moral hazard, agricultural infectious disease policy, and deterrence theory, but find that classic enforcement strategies of punishing noncompliant people are stymied. One mechanism is for policymakers to indemnify individuals for losses associated with taking those socially desirable behaviors to reduce the spread. We develop a coherent approach for doing so, based on conditional cash payments and precommitments by citizens, which may also be reinforced by social norms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733690/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa032 id: cord-272566-rtnhndw3 author: Robertson, M. title: A national prospective cohort study of SARS/COV2 pandemic outcomes in the U.S.: The CHASING COVID Cohort date: 2020-05-04 words: 5158.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272566-rtnhndw3.txt summary: Following baseline questionnaire completion, study participants will be contacted monthly (for 6 months) to complete assessments of engagement in non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., use of cloth masks, avoiding large gatherings); COVID-19 symptoms; SARS/COV2 testing and diagnosis; hospitalizations; healthcare access; and uptake of health messaging. 2, 3 In response to the COVID-19 pandemic the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH) launched the Communities, Households and SARS/COV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort "C 3 " study on March 28, 2020 . For analyses to assess subsequent disease after Month 1, incident COVID-19 disease will be defined as development of new COVID-like symptoms > 7 days after the first (positive or negative) SARS/COV2 serologic test result. The C 3 cohort is geographically and socio-demographically diverse, and includes participants from many active hotspots during the recruitment period (March 28-April 20, 2020), as well as frontline health care workers and other essential employees, and individuals who are vulnerable to severe outcomes associated with SARS/COV2 infection. abstract: Introduction: The Chasing COVID Cohort (C3) study is a US-based, geographically and socio-demographically diverse sample of adults (18 and older) enrolled into a prospective cohort study during the upswing of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used internet-based strategies to enroll C3 participants beginning March 28th, 2020. Following baseline questionnaire completion, study participants will be contacted monthly (for 6 months) to complete assessments of engagement in non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g., use of cloth masks, avoiding large gatherings); COVID-19 symptoms; SARS/COV2 testing and diagnosis; hospitalizations; healthcare access; and uptake of health messaging. Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens will be collected at the first follow-up assessment (last week of April 2020) and at month 3 (last week of June 2020) and stored until a validated serologic test is available. Results: As of April 20, 2020, the number of people that completed the baseline survey and provided contact information for follow-up was 7,070. Participants resided in all 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. At least 24% of participants were frontline workers (healthcare and other essential workers). Twenty-three percent (23%) were 60+ years, 24% were Black or Hispanic, 52% were men, and 52% were currently employed. Nearly 20% reported recent COVID-like symptoms (cough, fever or shortness of breath) and a high proportion reported engaging in non-pharmaceutical interventions that reduce SARS/COV2 spread (93% avoided groups >20, 58% wore masks; 73% quarantined). More than half (54%) had higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness should they become infected with SARS/COV2 based on age, underlying health conditions (e.g., chronic lung disease), or daily smoking. Discussion: A geographically and socio-demographically diverse group of participants was rapidly enrolled in the C3 during the upswing of the SARS/COV2 pandemic. Strengths of the C3 include the potential for direct observation of, and risk factors for, seroconversion and incident COVID disease (among those with or without antibodies to SARS/COV2) in areas of active transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20080630 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20080630 id: cord-316845-k9zvsfvj author: Robertson, Mary M. title: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: advice in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 words: 3763.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316845-k9zvsfvj.txt summary: These include the coronaviruses, which have caused multiple major public health events that resulted in global pandemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS; or "bat SARS"), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (Kandeel et al., 2020). GTS, as a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, offers many angles of attack for the current COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences (social distancing, home schooling, confinement/quarantine, and living in a general climate of fear). The authors discuss similarities of COVID-19 and tics in GTS and outline specific problems that may result from the pandemic for this group of patients. I like this small paper and find it interesting to read, since it alerts us that the current pandemic may be much more challenging for patients with GTS compared to healthy people. Also in Table 1 : "Viral infection -Coronavirus 19" please change in "SARS-CoV-2".The authors describe the different symptoms associated with COVID-19 including neurological complications. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory disease in China at the end of 2019. It then spread with enormous rapidity and by mid-March 2020 was declared a world pandemic. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about 1% of the population. The clinical symptoms include multiple motor and one or more phonic (vocal) tics. Germane to this communication is that 85% of patients with GTS have associated psychiatric co-morbidities, many of which are being exacerbated in the current global health crisis. In addition, several symptoms of GTS may mimic COVID-19, such as a dry cough and sniffing (phonic tics), while other symptoms such as spitting, inappropriate touching of others and “non-obscene socially inappropriate symptoms” can potentially get patients with GTS into trouble with the law. We suggest that a clear explanation of the COVID-19 illness and GTS is important to enable colleagues of various specialities who tend to patients with GTS. It is important to acknowledge at the outset that the information available on the COVID-19 pandemic changes daily, including cases infected, deaths reported, and how various national health systems are planning and or coping or not. It is fair to say that having read the current medical and lay press we conclude that it is not easy to reassure our patients with absolute certainty. However, notwithstanding that, we hope our documentation is of some assistance. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23275.2 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.23275.2 id: cord-317450-tp2ckb6r author: Robillard, R. title: Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Web-Based Survey in the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-30 words: 4900.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317450-tp2ckb6r.txt summary: Factors hypothesized a priori to be associated with stress changes were: pre-outbreak stress level, time elapsed since the pandemic declaration by the WHO, age, sex, education level, total family income, employment status, working with the general public, political views, having underage children, having travelled abroad in the past 60 days, index reflective of the number and severity of potential COVID-19 symptoms, the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) contamination subscale, Big5 personality subscales, Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), having a mental disorder, alcohol and drugs use, having a physical condition at risk for COVID-19, sleep duration, quality of family relationships, and amount of time spent outdoors, interacting with other people, following the news on COVID-19, and engaging in physical and artistic activities. abstract: Background Understanding the multifaceted impacts of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) outbreak as it unfolds is crucial to identify the most critical needs and to inform targeted interventions. Methods This population survey study presents cohort characteristics and baseline observations linked to the acute-mid phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived threats and concerns, occupational and financial impacts, social impacts and stress as measured by the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) collected cross-sectionally between April 3 and May 15, 2020. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with stress changes relative to pre-outbreak estimates. Results 6,040/6,685 (90.4%) participants filled out at least 1/3 of the survey and were included in the analyses. On average, PSS scores increased from 12.9+6.8 before the outbreak to 14.9+8.3 during the outbreak (p<0.001). The independent factors associated with stress worsening were: having a mental disorder, female sex, having underage children, heavier alcohol consumption, working with the general public, shorter sleep duration, younger age, less time elapsed since the start of the outbreak, lower stress before the outbreak, worse symptoms that could be linked to COVID-19, lower coping skills, worse obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to germs and contamination, personalities loading on extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism, left-wing political views, worse family relationships, and spending less time exercising and doing artistic activities. Interpretation Cross-sectional analyses showed a significant increase from average low to moderate stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Identified modifiable factors associated with an increase in stress may be informative for intervention development. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.29.20142638v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142638 id: cord-288070-qwax5tg9 author: Robilotti, E. V. title: Determinants of Severity in Cancer Patients with COVID-19 Illness date: 2020-05-08 words: 2652.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288070-qwax5tg9.txt summary: Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher COVID-19 death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-19 disease4. On multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) within 90 days were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, while receipt of chemotherapy within 30 days and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. In this study, we report on the epidemiology of COVID-19 illness experienced at our cancer center over the last month, during the height of incident cases in New York City, and offer an analysis of risk factors for severe infection that is pertinent to cancer patient populations. abstract: New York State had 180,458 cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 9385 reported deaths as of April 10th, 2020. Patients with cancer comprised 8.4% of deceased individuals1. Population-based studies from China and Italy suggested a higher COVID-19 death rate in patients with cancer2,3, although there is a knowledge gap as to which aspects of cancer and its treatment confer risk of severe COVID-19 disease4. This information is critical to balance the competing safety considerations of reducing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and cancer treatment continuation. Since March 10th, 2020 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center performed diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients. Overall, 40% out of 423 patients with cancer were hospitalized for COVID-19 illness, 20% developed severe respiratory illness, including 9% that required mechanical ventilation, and 9% that died. On multivariate analysis, age [≥] 65 years and treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) within 90 days were predictors for hospitalization and severe disease, while receipt of chemotherapy within 30 days and major surgery were not. Overall, COVID-19 illness is associated with higher rates of hospitalization and severe outcomes in patients with cancer. Association between ICI and COVID-19 outcomes will need interrogation in tumor-specific cohorts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511541/ doi: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20086322 id: cord-310457-l3d1dc93 author: Robinson, A. J. title: A modification to the Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machinefor ICU ventilation date: 2020-04-11 words: 3089.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310457-l3d1dc93.txt summary: The authors present an easily manufactured modification of the Getinge Group Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machine that gives it potential to be used long-term as an Intensive Care ventilator for emergency circumstances. The authors believe this modification has potential as a solution to increasing ventilator numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic, in hospitals where the Flow-i is underutilised for its designed purpose during this emergency. This makes Flow-i low flow undesirable for longer term use in COVID-19, as decanting will require loss of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) and increase potential for aerosol contamination with viral particles. In order to avoid the circuit rainout issue, the machine could be used in high flow modeand used as a total loss system like an ICU ventilator by setting the Fresh Gas Flow (FGF) above Minute Volume and thus allowing all unused air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from cellular respiration to be vented to atmosphere or AGS. abstract: The authors present an easily manufactured modification of the Getinge Group Maquet Flow-i anaesthesia machine that gives it potential to be used long-term as an Intensive Care ventilator for emergency circumstances. There are some 7000 such machines in use worldwide, which could assist in increasing ICU ventilated bed capacity in a number of nations. The authors believe this modification has potential as a solution to increasing ventilator numbers for the COVID-19 pandemic, in hospitals where the Flow-i is underutilised for its designed purpose during this emergency. The technical drawing files are downloadable on the GrabCAD website and are Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) licensed to allow local manufacture of the modification. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.06.20054882 id: cord-321976-ao3bg8xi author: Robinson, Philip C title: Management of autoimmune disease during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-18 words: 1019.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321976-ao3bg8xi.txt summary: So far there has not been any increase in the risk of hospitalisation for COVID-19 in rheumatic disease patients taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs alone (e.g. methotrexate) or in combination with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors, compared to patients who were not taking these drugs. 1 Another study of people infected with COVID-19 compared 52 patients with rheumatic disease, including 39 taking immunosuppressants, with 104 matched COVID-19 positive controls. 3 In a series of 525 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, poorer outcomes with COVID-19 were associated with increasing age, comorbidities and systemic glucocorticoids. 4 When advising patients taking immunosuppressive drugs during the pandemic, a comprehensive risk assessment should consider the consequences of changing treatment. When coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, there was concern regarding the potential for poor outcomes in patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for rheumatic diseases. American College of Rheumatology guidance for the management of rheumatic disease in adult patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Version 1 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33093739/ doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2020.058 id: cord-302067-yyw1he5j author: Roblyer, Darren title: Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond date: 2020-10-21 words: 3379.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302067-yyw1he5j.txt summary: Significance: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM). Conclusions: The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond. 1 Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a broad term that refers to the combination of medical devices, including wearables or portable home health monitors, with information technology solutions that allow health data to be communicated to a healthcare provider without in-person contact. 2 RPM also includes telemedicine, in which a healthcare provider communicates and potentially tracks patient health using data streams from wearable or home monitoring technologies. New optical wearables and RPM technologies have the potential to address many clinical scenarios related to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Significance: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM). Aim: The goal of this perspective is to highlight the existing and future role of wearable and RPM optical technologies in an increasingly at-home healthcare and research environment. Approach: First, the specific changes occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare delivery, regulations, and technological innovations related to RPM technologies are reviewed. Then, a review of the current state and potential future impact of optical physiological monitoring in portable and wearable formats is outlined. Results: New efforts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies are advancing and encouraging at-home, portable, and wearable physiological monitors as a growing part of healthcare delivery. It is hoped that these shifts will assist with disease diagnosis, treatment, management, recovery, and rehabilitation with minimal in-person contact. Some of these trends are likely to persist for years to come. Optical technologies already account for a large portion of RPM platforms, with a good potential for future growth. Conclusions: The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089674/ doi: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.102703 id: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 words: 21671.0 sentences: 953.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt summary: The Wuhan and related isolates revealed a coronavirus that resides in the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus [2] , and although genetically distinct from its predecessor SARS-CoV it appeared to have similar external binding proteins, meaning here the spike glycoprotein discussed extensively in the present paper. In brief summary, the justifications for the ensemble pharmacophore in the coronavirus case, i.e. the contributions to "fuzziness", include parsimony, that proteins and parts of proteins sometimes have more than one function [12] encouraged by limited numbers of accessible sites (due to e.g. glycosylation) and exemplified by parallel alternative mechanisms of cell entry, multiple methods of drug action, escape from scientific defense measures by virus mutation, polymorphism of human proteins involved, different expression levels of human proteins involved, and the potential problem of the "specter of vaccine development" (concerns about missing the appropriate region of the virus that allows common cold viruses to escape the appropriate immune response). abstract: Abstract This paper continues a recent study of the spike protein sequence of the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). It is also in part an introductory review to relevant computational techniques for tackling viral threats, using COVID-19 as an example. Q-UEL tools for facilitating access to knowledge and bioinformatics tools were again used for efficiency, but the focus in this paper is even more on the virus. Subsequence KRSFIEDLLFNKV of the S2′ spike glycoprotein proteolytic cleavage site continues to appear important. Here it is shown to be recognizable in the common cold coronaviruses, avian coronaviruses and possibly as traces in the nidoviruses of reptiles and fish. Its function or functions thus seem important to the coronaviruses. It might represent SARS-CoV-2 Achilles’ Heel, less likely to acquire resistance by mutation, as has happened in some early SARS vaccine studies discussed in the previous paper. Preliminary conformational analysis of the receptor (ACE2) binding site of the spike protein is carried suggesting that while it is somewhat conserved, it appears to be more variable than KRSFIEDLLFNKV. However compounds like emodin that inhibit SARS entry, apparently by binding ACE2, might also have functions at several different human protein binding studies. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is again argued to be a convenient model pharmacophore perhaps representing an ensemble of targets, and it is noted that it occurs both in lung and alimentary tract. Perhaps it benefits the virus to block an inflammatory response by inhibiting the dehydrogenase, but a fairly complex web involves several possible targets. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103749 id: cord-275637-ea6w2kqv author: Roca-Fernandez, A. title: HIGH LIVER FAT ASSOCIATES WITH HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 INFECTION - INITIAL UK BIOBANK OBSERVATIONS date: 2020-06-05 words: 2912.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275637-ea6w2kqv.txt summary: Conclusions UK Biobank data demonstrated an association between pre-existing liver disease and obesity with severe COVID-19, with higher proportions of liver fat in obese individuals a likely risk factor for symptomatic disease and severity. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that liver disease, and specifically liver fat accumulation, is a risk factor for developing symptomatic COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122457 doi: medRxiv preprint Furthermore, the 32.7% of obese patients with liver fat ≥10% had a higher likelihood of being symptomatic and testing positive for COVID-19 (OR: 2.96, p=0.02). Our study demonstrates that in addition to the previouslyreported risk factors of male gender, non-white-British ethnicity, and obesity (1-3), liver fat is also a significant risk factor for having symptomatic COVID-19, with a person testing positive for COVID-19 being 1.85 times more likely to have pre-existing severe fatty liver disease. abstract: Background A high proportion of COVID-19 patients develop acute liver dysfunction. Early research has suggested that pre-existing fatty liver disease may be a significant risk factor for hospitalisation. Liver fat, in particular, is a modifiable parameter and can be a target for public health policy and individual patient plans. In this study we aimed to assess pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for developing symptomatic COVID-19. Methods From 502,506 participants from the UK Biobank, 42,146 underwent MRI (aged 45-82), and had measures of liver fat, liver fibroinflammatory disease and liver iron. Patients were censored on May 28th to determine how many had tested for COVID-19 with symptomatic disease. UK testing was restricted to those with symptoms in hospital. COVID-19 symptoms included fever, dry cough, sore throat, diarrhoea and fatigue. Univariate analysis was performed on liver phenotypic biomarkers to determine if these variables increased risk of symptomatic COVID-19, and compared to previously described risk factors associated with severe COVID-19, including to age, ethnicity, gender and obesity, Findings Increased liver fat was associated with a higher risk for symptomatic confirmed COVID-19 in this population in univariate analysis(OR:1.85, p=0.03). In obese participants, only those with concomitant fatty liver([≥]10%) were at increased risk(OR:2.96, p=0.02), with those having normal liver fat (<5%) showing no increased risk(OR:0.36, p=0.09). Conclusions UK Biobank data demonstrated an association between pre-existing liver disease and obesity with severe COVID-19, with higher proportions of liver fat in obese individuals a likely risk factor for symptomatic disease and severity. Public policy measures to protect patients with liver disease who may have almost double the risk of the general population should be considered, especially as dietary and pharmacological strategies to reduce body weight and liver fat already exist. Funding University of Oxford, Innovate UK, UK Biobank. Authors are employees of Perspectum Ltd. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20122457v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122457 id: cord-254538-vcf44w1k author: Rocha Filho, C. R. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-05-09 words: 2544.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254538-vcf44w1k.txt summary: title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Thus, the purpose of this rapid living systematic review is to identify the evidence about prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19, considering the following research questions: This rapid living review will systematically evaluate the best available evidence to identify the risk and protective factors of COVID-19, which we expect will help the front line on their decision making processes. We believe that the strengths of this rapid systematic review include the transparency, the strict methods, the evaluation of the quality of evidence, and the extensive and more sensitive searches. Assessing Bias in Studies of Prognostic Factors abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Determining prognostic factors in a context of health crises such as the COVID-19 scenario may provide the best possible care for patients and optimize the management and the resource utilization of the health system. Thus, we aim to systematically review the prognostic factors for different outcomes of patients with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Protocol for a rapid living systematic review methodology following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. METHODS: We will include prospective and retrospective longitudinal cohorts. In view of the limited amount of information, we will also include case-control studies. We will search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, Scopus and SciELO to identify published, ongoing, and unpublished studies. No language restrictions will be applied. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.06.20087692v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20087692 id: cord-289445-t9qnsddo author: Rocha, Breno Amaral title: Why it is crucial to maintain oral care for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 words: 1173.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289445-t9qnsddo.txt summary: title: Why it is crucial to maintain oral care for patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic In prevent those complications, the prophylaxis and management of RT''s potentially toxic effects require dental teams specialized in caring for patients with cancer, which can, in turn, help to improve the quality of cancer care. At that stage, consultation with the patient should be performed with the aim of diagnosing and treating existing oral diseases, as well as planning preventative measures for possible complications (e.g., mucositis) [1] , [3] . Nevertheless, the adequacy of oral care that accommodates infection control measures currently recommended by competent [10] entities can allow dental care for patients with cancer to be maintained. Altogether, we believe that maintaining oral care for patients with HNC in RT is possible, as long as biosafety guidelines for preventing COVID-19 are followed and respected [10] . Provision of Continuous Dental Care for Oral Oncology Patients during & after COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777309/ doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.07.009 id: cord-322483-up3738e7 author: Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima title: Dealing with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a Rapid Response Team operation in Brazil: Quality in practice date: 2020-09-30 words: 1668.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322483-up3738e7.txt summary: We aimed to assess an intervention to deal with the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the operations of a rapid response team (RRT). The number of critically-ill cases and the number of treated patients increased two-fold in relation to the pre-pandemic period, but the effectiveness of the RRT in relation to mortality was not affected. LESSONS LEARNED: The observation of these data is important for hospital managers to adjust the size of their RRTs according to the new scenario, aiming to maintain the intervention effectiveness. The rapid response teams (RRTs) consist of health professionals exclusively dedicated to providing care to hospitalized patients identified at being high risk of worsening, using criteria of the severity of illness and clinical deterioration, with MEWS (Modified Early Warning Score) being one of the most frequently used scores (4) . This brief report seeks to present the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a rapid response team operation from a large quaternary hospital in Brazil. abstract: QUALITY PROBLEM OR ISSUE: Up to July 13, 2020, more than 12 million laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection have been reported worldwide, 1,864,681 in Brazil. We aimed to assess an intervention to deal with the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the operations of a rapid response team (RRT). INITIAL ASSESSMENT: An observational study with medical record review, was carried out at a large tertiary care hospital in Fortaleza, a 400-bed quaternary hospital, 96 of which are ICU beds. All adult patients admitted to hospital wards, treated by the RRTs during the study period, were included, and a total of 15,461 RRT calls were analyzed. CHOICE OF SOLUTION: Adequacy of workforce sizing. IMPLEMENTATION: The hospital adjusted the size of its RRTs during the period, going from 2 to 4 simultaneous on-duty medical professionals. EVALUATION: After the beginning of the pandemic, the number of treated cases in general went from an average of 30.6 daily calls to 79.2, whereas the extremely critical cases went from 3.5 to 22 on average. In percentages, the extremely critical care cases went from 10.47 to 20%, with p <0.001. Patient mortality remained unchanged. The number of critically-ill cases and the number of treated patients increased two-fold in relation to the pre-pandemic period, but the effectiveness of the RRT in relation to mortality was not affected. LESSONS LEARNED: The observation of these data is important for hospital managers to adjust the size of their RRTs according to the new scenario, aiming to maintain the intervention effectiveness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991710/ doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzaa114 id: cord-258221-pn8gh73b author: Rocha, José Lucas Martins title: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Viral Infections: Implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-07 words: 8950.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258221-pn8gh73b.txt summary: Abbreviations: ANG, Angiogenin; ANGPT1, Angiopoietin 1; bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor; BV/BR, Biliverdin and Bilirubin; COX2, Cyclooxygenase-2; DAMPs, Damage-associated molecular pattern; EGF, Epidermal growth factor; ESM1, Endothelial Cell Specific Molecule 1; FAS/FASL, apoptosis antigen 1 receptor and ligand; HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor; HLA-G, Human leukocyte antigen G; HO-1, Heme oxygenase 1; IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; ISGs, Interferon-stimulated genes; Kyn, Kynurenin; LIF, Leukemia inhibitory factor; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; miRNAs, micro RNA; MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases; MSC-EV, Extracellular vesicles from MSC; PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PD-1/PD-L1, Programmed death receptor and ligand; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; sHLA-G, Soluble human leukocyte antigen G; sPD-L1/2, Soluble Programmed death ligands 1 and 2; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor β; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α; Trp , Tryptophan; TSG-6, TNFstimulated gene 6 Similarly, long-lasting FASL interactions enable MSCs to induce T cell apoptosis [39] . abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of stromal cells with immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that support their therapeutic use. MSCs isolated from many tissue sources replicate vigorously in vitro and maintain their main biological properties allowing their widespread clinical application. To date, most MSC-based preclinical and clinical trials targeted immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, MSCs have antiviral properties and have been used in the treatment of various viral infections in the last years. Here, we revised in detail the biological properties of MSCs and their preclinical and clinical applications in viral diseases, including the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19). Notably, rapidly increasing numbers of MSC-based therapies for COVID-19 have recently been reported. MSCs are theoretically capable of reducing inflammation and promote lung regeneration in severe COVID-19 patients. We critically discuss the rationale, advantages and disadvantages of MSC-based therapies for viral infections and also specifically for COVID-19 and point out some directions in this field. Finally, we argue that MSC-based therapy may be a promising therapeutic strategy for severe COVID-19 and other emergent respiratory tract viral infections, beyond the viral infection diseases in which MSCs have already been clinically applied. [Figure: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7 doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10032-7 id: cord-274100-0d2u23nv author: Rochon, Paula A. title: The Missing Pieces of the COVID‐19 Puzzle date: 2020-06-23 words: 1091.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274100-0d2u23nv.txt summary: We focus here on laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and fatalities by sex, age, and the intersection of the two, because these data are fundamental and routinely collected. We use publicly reported data from the 10 countries with the most reported COVID-19 cases to help understand patterns associated with sex and how they link to age, while considering gendered explanations. Only 3 of the 10 countries-Italy, Spain, and Germanyreport data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and fatalities disaggregated by sex and age in a usable format. Although the United States did not report national data disaggregated by sex and age, a study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in New York City 5 also found that men were more likely to die in each age group. Important differences between women and men become visible when data are reported by sex and age. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16646 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16646 id: cord-266440-69l9c3my author: Rochwerg, Bram title: Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise date: 2020-04-29 words: 3419.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266440-69l9c3my.txt summary: This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. Major contributors to research delays include competing interests of investigators, regulatory barriers, time taken for protocol development, ethics approval, peer review and delays related to the publication process. Given the rapidity of new research data associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the next question for bedside practitioners becomes which data are of sufficient quality and trustworthiness that it should inform clinical practice ( Table 1) . Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. abstract: Although the amount of information generated during this most recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is enormous, much is of uncertain trustworthiness. This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. DATA SOURCES: Not applicable. STUDY SELECTION: Not applicable. DATA EXTRACTION: Not applicable. DATA SYNTHESIS: Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. The best way to combat misinformation is with trustworthy data produced by healthcare researchers. Although challenging, research can occur during pandemics and crises and is facilitated by advance planning, governmental support, targeted funding opportunities, and collaboration with industry partners. The coronavirus disease 2019 research response has highlighted both the dangers of misinformation as well as the benefits and possibilities of performing rigorous research during challenging times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32426740/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000098 id: cord-331206-m938suxh author: Rodgers, F. title: Missing clinical trial data: the knowledge gap in the safety of potential COVID-19 drugs date: 2020-06-03 words: 4314.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331206-m938suxh.txt summary: However, availability of safety information is limited by a lack of timely reporting of clinical trial results on public registries or through academic publication. We aimed to analyse the knowledge gap in safety data by quantifying the number of missing clinical trial results for drugs potentially being repurposed for COVID-19. Relevant clinical trials for any prior indication were listed by identifier (NCT number) and checked for timely result reporting (within 395 days of the primary completion date). We reviewed the number of completed or terminated trials that have not reported results for an extensive, list of medications being repurposed for COVID-19, looking at all previous indications for these drugs. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.20117523 doi: medRxiv preprint Discussion 40.4% of the completed clinical trials for drugs that may be repurposed for COVID-19 were not found to report results on either ClinicalTrials.gov or through academic publication (Table 2 ). abstract: Abstract (290/300 words) Objectives: Several drugs are being repurposed for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on in vitro or early clinical findings. As these drugs are being used in varied regimens and dosages, it is important to enable synthesis of existing safety data from clinical trials. However, availability of safety information is limited by a lack of timely reporting of clinical trial results on public registries or through academic publication. We aimed to analyse the knowledge gap in safety data by quantifying the number of missing clinical trial results for drugs potentially being repurposed for COVID-19. Design: ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for 19 drugs that have been identified as potential treatments for COVID-19. Relevant clinical trials for any prior indication were listed by identifier (NCT number) and checked for timely result reporting (within 395 days of the primary completion date). Additionally, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the NCT number to identify publications of results not listed on the registry. A second, blinded search of 10% of trials was conducted to assess reviewer concordance. Results: Of 3754 completed trials, 1516 (40.4%) did not post results on ClinicalTrials.gov or in the academic literature. 1172 (31.2%) completed trials had tabular results on ClinicalTrials.gov. A further 1066 (28.4%) completed trials had results from the literature search, but did not report results on ClinicalTrials.gov. Key drugs missing clinical trial results include hydroxychloroquine (37.0% completed trials unreported), favipiravir (77.8%) and lopinavir (40.5%). Conclusion: There is an important evidence gap for the safety of drugs being repurposed for COVID-19. This uncertainty could cause a large burden of additional morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. We recommend caution in experimental drug use for non-severe disease and urge clinical trial sponsors to report missing results retrospectively. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.20117523 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.30.20117523 id: cord-317167-hzcl1hw3 author: Rodgers, Rachel F. title: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorder risk and symptoms date: 2020-06-01 words: 2758.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317167-hzcl1hw3.txt summary: The current COVID‐19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Media use, including social media, is associated with increased risk for disordered eating in particular through exposure to thin idealand diet culture-related content as well as food advertising (Boswell & Kober, 2016; Levine & Murnen, 2009; Rodgers & Melioli, 2016) . In addition to these specific fears created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has substantially increased general levels of stress and emotional distress (Brooks et al., 2020) , which are key risks for disordered eating (Puccio, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Ong, & Krug, 2016) , including in the context of traumatic societal events (Harada et al., 2015; Rodgers et al., 2012) . abstract: The current COVID‐19 pandemic has created a global context likely to increase eating disorder (ED) risk and symptoms, decrease factors that protect against EDs, and exacerbate barriers to care. Three pathways exist by which this pandemic may exacerbate ED risk. One, the disruptions to daily routines and constraints to outdoor activities may increase weight and shape concerns, and negatively impact eating, exercise, and sleeping patterns, which may in turn increase ED risk and symptoms. Relatedly, the pandemic and accompanying social restrictions may deprive individuals of social support and adaptive coping strategies, thereby potentially elevating ED risk and symptoms by removing protective factors. Two, increased exposure to ED‐specific or anxiety‐provoking media, as well as increased reliance on video conferencing, may increase ED risk and symptoms. Three, fears of contagion may increase ED symptoms specifically related to health concerns, or by the pursuit of restrictive diets focused on increasing immunity. In addition, elevated rates of stress and negative affect due to the pandemic and social isolation may also contribute to increasing risk. Evaluating and assessing these factors are key to better understanding the impact of the pandemic on ED risk and recovery and to inform resource dissemination and targets. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23318 doi: 10.1002/eat.23318 id: cord-281039-a7q5nzwn author: Rodilla, Enrique title: Association of Hypertension with All-Cause Mortality among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 4806.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281039-a7q5nzwn.txt summary: Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). First, a previous diagnosis of HT increased the risk of all-cause death in COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization on the order of approximately 20% and independently of age and other cardiovascular comorbidities, such as HF and atrial fibrillation. Second, previous treatment with ACEIs/ARBs in hypertensive patients was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in hypertensive hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to other antihypertensive drugs. abstract: It is unclear to which extent the higher mortality associated with hypertension in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is due to its increased prevalence among older patients or to specific mechanisms. Cross-sectional, observational, retrospective multicenter study, analyzing 12226 patients who required hospital admission in 150 Spanish centers included in the nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared the clinical characteristics of survivors versus non-survivors. The mean age of the study population was 67.5 ± 16.1 years, 42.6% were women. Overall, 2630 (21.5%) subjects died. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (50.9%) followed by diabetes (19.1%), and atrial fibrillation (11.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for gender (males, OR: 1.5, p = 0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, OR: 2.0 and 4.7, p = 0.0001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (second and third tertiles, OR: 4.7 and 8.1, p = 0.0001), hypertension was significantly predictive of all-cause mortality when this comorbidity was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (OR: 1.6, p = 0.002) or other than renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers (OR: 1.3, p = 0.001) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR: 1.2, p = 0.035). The preexisting condition of hypertension had an independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization. ARBs showed a lower risk of lethality in hypertensive patients than other antihypertensive drugs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32998337/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9103136 id: cord-267243-ewivbfib author: Rodrigues, J.C.L. title: An update on COVID-19 for the radiologist - A British society of Thoracic Imaging statement date: 2020-05-31 words: 1853.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267243-ewivbfib.txt summary: Suspected cases are primarily those with a febrile respiratory illness and history of travel to a country or region reporting local transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset. 6 An elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphopenia (<1,100 m/L) are characteristic 7 Radiology departments should be prepared for an increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 and new diagnoses or risk stratification may be imaging based. have reported radiological abnormality, predominantly ground-glass opacity (GGO), in subclinical disease, where 15 patients were imaged using CT before symptom onset. In the event of a major UK outbreak of COVID-19, infection imaging will be critical in the assessment of disease severity, progression, and potentially screening for initial diagnosis. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009926020300878 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.003 id: cord-321030-isc3p46t author: Rodriguez Socarrás, Moises title: Telemedicine and Smart Working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology date: 2020-07-10 words: 4620.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321030-isc3p46t.txt summary: EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Telemedicine refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications tools to provide remote clinical health care support. It is time for us to formalize the place of telemedicine in routine urological practice, and it is our responsibility to adapt and learn about all the tools and possible strategies for their optimal implementation during the pandemic to ensure that the quality of care received by patients and the outcomes of patients and their families are of the highest standard. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine facilitates specialized urological clinical support at a distance, solves problems of limitations in mobility, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics, and is useful for reducing the risk of viral transmission in the current COVID-19 outbreak. As telemedicine has been used in previous epidemic outbreaks, it has rapidly been incorporated into solutions to manage COVID-19 patients and in several countries for continuation of specialty care such as urology. abstract: CONTEXT: Telemedicine provides remote clinical support using technological tools. It may facilitate health care delivery while reducing unnecessary visits to the clinic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused an abrupt change in our daily urological practice, converting many of us to be reliant on telehealth. OBJECTIVE: To provide practical recommendations for effective use of technological tools in telemedicine. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Medline-based and gray literature search was conducted through April 2020. We selected the most relevant articles related to “telemedicine” and “smart working” that could provide important information. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Telemedicine refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications tools to provide remote clinical health care support. Smart working is a model of work that uses new or existing technologies to improve performance. Telemedicine is becoming a useful invaluable tool during and even beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. It is time for us to formalize the place of telemedicine in routine urological practice, and it is our responsibility to adapt and learn about all the tools and possible strategies for their optimal implementation during the pandemic to ensure that the quality of care received by patients and the outcomes of patients and their families are of the highest standard. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine facilitates specialized urological clinical support at a distance, solves problems of limitations in mobility, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics, and is useful for reducing the risk of viral transmission in the current COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, both personal and societal considerations may favor continued use of telemedicine, even beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENT SUMMARY: Telemedicine in urology offers specialized remote clinical support to patients, similar to face-to-face visits. It is very useful for reducing unnecessary visits to the clinic, as well as reducing the risk of contagion in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654801/ doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.031 id: cord-334532-r5lnjsvl author: Rodriguez, Lindsey M. title: Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women date: 2020-06-27 words: 4744.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334532-r5lnjsvl.txt summary: title: Drinking to Cope with the Pandemic: The Unique Associations of COVID-19-Related Perceived Threat and Psychological Distress to Drinking Behaviors in American Men and Women Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. Given that during COVID-19related social distancing, individuals may be faced with increased stress and uncertainty (Taylor, 2019) as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms (Brooks et al., 2020) , those who experience more perceived threat and/or psychological distress may be those most likely to use alcohol to cope. abstract: The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant and unprecedented changes to the modern world, including stay-at-home orders, high rates of unemployment, and more than a hundred thousand deaths across the United States. Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. We also evaluated whether links between COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress with drinking behavior are different for men and women. Participants (N=754; 50% women) completed an online Qualtrics Panels study between April 17(th) and 23(rd), 2020. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. COVID-related distress’ link to frequency of drinking and heavy drinking episodes was not different for men and women. Our results suggest that continued monitoring, particularly among women, should be conducted as this pandemic continues to evolve to identify the long-term public health impacts of drinking to cope with COVID-19 distress. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460320306626?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106532 id: cord-347090-sqw7n1v2 author: Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Moises title: New onset severe right ventricular failure associated with COVID-19 in a young infant without previous heart disease date: 2020-06-16 words: 1816.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347090-sqw7n1v2.txt summary: We present our recent experience with a 6-month-old infant with a personal history of short bowel syndrome that presented with fever, cyanosis, and cardiogenic shock secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure without pulmonary thromboembolism. We present our recent experience with a 6-month-old infant with a personal history of short bowel syndrome that presented with fever, cyanosis, and cardiogenic shock secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure without pulmonary thromboembolism. If this presentation is confirmed in future research, the severe cardiovascular impairment in children with COVID-19 could be also attributable to the primary pulmonary infection, not only to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome but also in children without heart disease. If this presentation is confirmed in future research, the severe cardiovascular impairment in children with COVID-19 could be also attributable to the primary pulmonary infection, not only to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome but also in children without heart disease. abstract: We present our recent experience with a 6-month-old infant with a personal history of short bowel syndrome that presented with fever, cyanosis, and cardiogenic shock secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure without pulmonary thromboembolism. He did not present signs of toxin-mediated disease or Kawasaki disease. He was finally diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. If this presentation is confirmed in future research, the severe cardiovascular impairment in children with COVID-19 could be also attributable to the primary pulmonary infection, not only to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome but also in children without heart disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120001857 doi: 10.1017/s1047951120001857 id: cord-349263-mmfrqyrc author: Rodríguez, A. title: Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 words: 4180.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349263-mmfrqyrc.txt summary: 1 Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop serious viral pneumonia known as COVID-19, characterized by severe respiratory failure, and which has placed a heavy burden on Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and the national healthcare system as a whole. Taking into account that both the characteristics of the patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 and the care received ---and hence the resulting crude mortality rate ---can differ considerably among different centers 7 and countries, 3,5,7---10 the present study was carried out to describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of a series of consecutive patients with severe COVID-19 in a Spanish tertiary hospital, differentiating the subjects according to ICU outcome after 28 days. A prospective, observational cohort study was made, including all consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine (DICM) from 14 March to 16 April 2020 with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on RT-PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swab and/or bronchial aspirate samples according to the criteria of the WHO. abstract: Objective To describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of a cohort of 43 patients with COVID-19 after an evolutive period of 28 days. Design A prospective, single-center observational study was carried out. Setting Intensive care. Patients Patients admitted due to COVID-19 and respiratory failure. Interventions None. Variables Automatic recording was made of demographic variables, severity parameters, laboratory data, assisted ventilation (HFO: high-flow oxygen therapy and IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation), oxygenation (PaO2, PaO2/FiO2) and complications. The patients were divided into three groups: survivors (G1), deceased (G2) and patients remaining under admission (G3). The chi-squared test or Fisher exact test (categorical variables) was used, along with the Mann-Whitney U-test or Wilcoxon test for analyzing the differences between medians. Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. Results A total of 43 patients were included (G1 = 28 [65.1%], G2 = 10 [23.3%] and G3 = 5[11.6%]), with a mean age of 65 years (range 52-72), 62% males, APACHE II 18 (15-24), SOFA 6 (4-7). Arterial hypertension (30.2%) and obesity (25.6%) were the most frequent comorbidities. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 62.7% of the patients, with failure in 85%. In turn, 95% of the patients required IMV and 85% received ventilation in prone decubitus. In the general population, initial PaO2/FiO2 improved after 7 days (165 [125-210] vs.194 [153-285]; p = 0.02), in the same way as in G1 (164 [125-197] vs. 207 [160-294]; p = 0.07), but not in G2 (163 [95-197] vs. 135 [85-177]). No bacterial coinfection was observed. The incidence of IMV-associated pneumonia was high (13 episodes/1000 days of IMV). Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 require early IMV, a high frequency of ventilation in prone decubitus, and have a high incidence of failed HFO. The lack of improvement of PaO2/FiO2 at 7 days could be a prognostic marker. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173572720301739 doi: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.005 id: cord-313157-wzz3dasn author: Rodríguez-Chagolla, José M. title: Peritoneal Dialysis Is an Option for Acute Kidney Injury Management in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-05 words: 4143.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313157-wzz3dasn.txt summary: Peritoneal dialysis is a modality of RRT at least as efficient as other extracorporeal RRT options with important cost-effective advantages, making it a key instrument in countries without access to all RRTs. There is no theoretical justification for it to be not used in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome as those observed in COVID-19 disease. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan, China Comparing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and peritoneal dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a pilot study Acute kidney injury in critically Ill patients: a prospective randomized study of tidal peritoneal dialysis versus continuous renal replacement therapy Effect of peritoneal dialysis on respiratory mechanics in acute kidney injury patients Urgent peritoneal dialysis in patients with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury: a single-center experience in a time of crisis in the United States abstract: In December 2019, cases of acute respiratory illness of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan, China. The disease is caused by “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2”. After identifying severe lung damage, injury to other organs, such as the kidney, has been identified. Peritoneal dialysis is a renal replacement therapy (RRT) and is at least as effective as other extracorporeal therapy options, with significant cost-effective advantages. However, this strategy is rarely used for the management of acute kidney injury in severe lung disease. In this review, we explore PD as an RRT strategy that may be a key instrument in countries and hospitals with limited access to all RRTs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017826/ doi: 10.1159/000511390 id: cord-296811-zelkkw1f author: Rodríguez-Padial, Luis title: El riesgo competitivo puede explicar en gran medida la disminución de los ingresos por enfermedad cardiovascular aguda durante la pandemia de COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 words: 948.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296811-zelkkw1f.txt summary: Aunque se ha reconocido que puede haber distintas explicaciones para esta situación, como evitar la asistencia médica a causa del distanciamiento social, la disminución del diagnóstico del IAM con elevación del segmento ST y la existencia de otros riesgos competitivos con el contagio y la gravedad de la COVID-19 2 , lo cierto es que parece haberse asumido como causa más probable que los pacientes hayan evitado acudir a los servicios de urgencias por miedo a la pandemia. En resumen, aunque diversos factores han podido tener cierto papel en la reducción de los ingresos por IAM durante la pandemia de COVID-19, los datos indican que la mayor parte de esta disminución se ha debido a una situación de riesgos competitivos entre la mortalidad por la COVID-19 y la cardiopatía isquémica aguda. Reducción de los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Cataluña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.022 doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.022 id: cord-281038-h5iew8oo author: Rodríguez-Pardo, Jorge title: Atención al ictus agudo durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones Plan Ictus Madrid date: 2020-04-24 words: 2768.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281038-h5iew8oo.txt summary: Resultados: Las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco líneas fundamentales: (1) Coordinar la actuación para garantizar el acceso a la asistencia hospitalaria de los pacientes con ictus, (2) Reconocer a los pacientes con ictus potencialmente infectados por COVID-19, (3) Organización adecuada para garantizar la protección de los profesionales sanitarios frente al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, (4) la realización de Neuroimagen y otros procedimientos que conlleven contactos de riesgo de infección COVID-19 hay que procurar reducirlos y asegurar la protección, y (5) alta y seguimiento seguros procurando optimizar la ocupación hospitalaria. Las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco líneas fundamentales: (1) Coordinar la actuación para garantizar el acceso a la asistencia hospitalaria de los pacientes con ictus, (2) Reconocer a los pacientes con ictus potencialmente infectados por COVID-19, (3) Organización adecuada para garantizar la protección de los profesionales sanitarios frente al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, (4) la realización de Neuroimagen y otros procedimientos que conlleven contactos de riesgo de infección COVID-19 hay que procurar reducirlos y asegurar la protección, y (5) alta y seguimiento seguros procurando optimizar la ocupación hospitalaria. abstract: RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha obligado a una reorganización de los sistemas sanitarios y una saturación excepcional de sus recursos. En este contexto es vital asegurar la atención al ictus agudo y optimizar los procesos asistenciales del código ictus para reducir el riesgo de contagios y racionalizar el uso de recursos hospitalarios. Para ello desde el Grupo multidisciplinar Ictus Madrid proponemos una serie de recomendaciones. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica no sistemática de las publicaciones disponibles con los términos “stroke” y “covid-19” o “coronavirus” o “SARS-COV-2”, así como otras conocidas por los autores. En base a ésta se redacta un documento de recomendaciones que es sometido a consenso por el Grupo multidisciplinar Ictus Madrid y su Comité de Neurología. Resultados: Las recomendaciones se estructuran en cinco líneas fundamentales: (1) Coordinar la actuación para garantizar el acceso a la asistencia hospitalaria de los pacientes con ictus, (2) Reconocer a los pacientes con ictus potencialmente infectados por COVID-19, (3) Organización adecuada para garantizar la protección de los profesionales sanitarios frente al riesgo de contagio por COVID-19, (4) la realización de Neuroimagen y otros procedimientos que conlleven contactos de riesgo de infección COVID-19 hay que procurar reducirlos y asegurar la protección, y (5) alta y seguimiento seguros procurando optimizar la ocupación hospitalaria. Resumimos el procedimiento de forma esquemática con el acrónimo CORONA (COordinar, Reconocer, Organizar, Neuroimagen, Alta). Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones pueden servir de apoyo para la organización del sistema sanitario en la atención al ictus agudo y la optimización de sus recursos, garantizando la protección de sus profesionales. ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced a reorganization of healthcare systems and an exceptional saturation of their resources. In this context, it is vital to ensure acute stroke care and optimize the care processes of the stroke code to reduce the risk of contagion and rationalize the use of hospital resources. To do this, the Ictus Madrid multidisciplinary group proposes a series of recommendations. Methods: Non-systematic bibliographic review of the available publications with the terms “stroke” and “covid-19” or “coronavirus” or “SARS-COV-2”, as well as other already known for the authors. We provide a document of recommendations as a result of the consensus of the Ictus Madrid multidisciplinary group and its Neurology Committee. Results: Our recommendations are structured on five lines: (1) Coordinate to guarantee the access to hospital care for stroke patients, (2) Recognize potentially COVID-19 infected stroke patients, (3) Organize to ensure the protection of healthcare professionals from COVID-19 infections, (4) Neuroimaging and other procedures potentially associated to risks for COVID-19 infection should be reduced and secured to avoid contagion, and (5) At home as soon as possible and supported follow-up to optimize hospital occupancy. The procedure is shown summarized under the acronym CORONA (Coordinate, Recognize, Organize, Neuroimaging, At home). Conclusions: These recommendations can support the organization of healthcare services for acute stroke care and the optimization of their resources, guaranteeing the protection of healthcare professionals. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.008 doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.008 id: cord-354031-j4qlvm60 author: Rodríguez-Pérez, Celia title: Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study date: 2020-06-10 words: 6908.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354031-j4qlvm60.txt summary: For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. Multivariate-adjusted models showed that those participants who reported a lower intake of fried foods, alcohol, fast-food, and snacks during the COVID-19 Spanish confinement had a statistically significant higher likelihood of turning into a higher adherence to the MedDiet compared to those who kept their usual intake as before the confinement (OR: 4.71; 2.15; 3.12; 3.53, respectively). abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary behaviours of the Spanish adult population were changed during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement. For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. A total of 7514 participants (37% aged below 35 years, 70.6% female, 77.9% university-level education or higher) from all the Spanish territory completed the questionnaire. Results outlined healthier dietary behaviours during the confinement when compared to previous habits. Overall, the MEDAS score (ranging from 0 to 14, whereby higher a scoring reflects greater adherence to the MedDiet) increased significantly from 6.53 ± 2 to 7.34 ± 1.93 during the confinement. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. COVID-19 confinement in Spain has led to the adoption of healthier dietary habits/behaviours in the studied population, as reflected by a higher adherence to the MedDiet. This improvement, if sustained in the long-term, could have a positive impact on the prevention of chronic diseases and COVID-19-related complications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531892/ doi: 10.3390/nu12061730 id: cord-011637-1ojind95 author: Roffi, Marco title: The Obstacle Course of Reperfusion for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 1419.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011637-1ojind95.txt summary: In addition, shared experiences estimate an up to 60-minute increase in intrinsic delay from diagnosis to reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in regions deeply affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, because of suboptimal EMS availability and the implementation of personal protective equipment at any level of care (prehospital, emergency department, and cardiac catheterization laboratory). Key Words: COVID-19 ◼ emergency medical services ◼ reperfusion ◼ ST elevation myocardial infarction treated successfully with no complications, the additional coronary lesions are easily accessible, and the patient is hemodynamically stable, immediate complete revascularization may be an attractive guideline-conforming option to avoid a staged procedure, which would prolong the hospital stay or require a second admission and additional personnel exposure if the patient is COVID-19 positive. The regional STEMI network was quickly changed into a model of macrohubs to concentrate personnel and urgent activities, such as primary PCI for STEMI or interventional stroke management, while expanding health resources for patients with COVID-19 in all remaining hospitals. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294591/ doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047523 id: cord-033505-bv705puy author: Rogado, Jacobo title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() date: 2020-10-08 words: 1170.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033505-bv705puy.txt summary: title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a second-level hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic() Title: Characteristics and outcome of lung cancer patients and Covid-19 infection in a secondlevel hospital during the first 3 months of the pandemic. Furthermore, we ourselves have observed a higher cumulative incidence of cases among the general cancer population in our centre during the first month of the pandemic 4 , with an increase in mortality 1-4 , which was even higher in patients with lung cancer, as shown in the TERAVOLT study 5 . The most common subtype of lung cancer was non-small cell carcinoma (n░=░21, 87.5%), with the majority presenting metastatic disease (n░=░14, 58.3%). In our study, we found a greater risk of mortality in diagnosed lung cancer patients with Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543917/ doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.005 id: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author: Rogerson, Stephen J. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 words: 4064.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt summary: These gains are largely attributable to expanding the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs), indoor spraying of residual insecticides (IRS) and other vector control strategies; access to early diagnosis (e.g. rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)); and more effective antimalarial treatments [1] , together with targeted interventions such as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Key interventions and innovative approaches, such as targeted MDA programmes and enhanced distribution of ITNs, will be critical in preventing dramatic increases in malaria deaths [12] , but their implementation and prioritisation will bring logistic and financial challenges given COVID-19 disruptions and the competing needs of other health issues and services. To reduce the impact of COVID-19 disruptions, it is essential that the supply of diagnostics and treatments for malaria are maintained and that there is strong support of ITN distribution, IRS and other preventive interventions. Support malaria-endemic countries both in fighting COVID-19 disease and in controlling malaria through an integrated health care programme and community engagement. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of infections, hundreds of thousands of deaths and major societal disruption due to lockdowns and other restrictions introduced to limit disease spread. Relatively little attention has been paid to understanding how the pandemic has affected treatment, prevention and control of malaria, which is a major cause of death and disease and predominantly affects people in less well-resourced settings. MAIN BODY: Recent successes in malaria control and elimination have reduced the global malaria burden, but these gains are fragile and progress has stalled in the past 5 years. Withdrawing successful interventions often results in rapid malaria resurgence, primarily threatening vulnerable young children and pregnant women. Malaria programmes are being affected in many ways by COVID-19. For prevention of malaria, insecticide-treated nets need regular renewal, but distribution campaigns have been delayed or cancelled. For detection and treatment of malaria, individuals may stop attending health facilities, out of fear of exposure to COVID-19, or because they cannot afford transport, and health care workers require additional resources to protect themselves from COVID-19. Supplies of diagnostics and drugs are being interrupted, which is compounded by production of substandard and falsified medicines and diagnostics. These disruptions are predicted to double the number of young African children dying of malaria in the coming year and may impact efforts to control the spread of drug resistance. Using examples from successful malaria control and elimination campaigns, we propose strategies to re-establish malaria control activities and maintain elimination efforts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is likely to be a long-term challenge. All sectors of society, including governments, donors, private sector and civil society organisations, have crucial roles to play to prevent malaria resurgence. Sparse resources must be allocated efficiently to ensure integrated health care systems that can sustain control activities against COVID-19 as well as malaria and other priority infectious diseases. CONCLUSION: As we deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial that other major killers such as malaria are not ignored. History tells us that if we do, the consequences will be dire, particularly in vulnerable populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x id: cord-321787-6k4c6zei author: Rogo, Tanya title: Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York date: 2020-07-20 words: 570.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321787-6k4c6zei.txt summary: title: Systemic Inflammation With Cardiac Involvement in Pediatric Patients With Evidence of COVID-19 in a Community Hospital in the Bronx, New York To the Editor-On April 27, 2020, the Paediatric Intensive Care Society of the United Kingdom reported cases of critically ill children presenting with features of Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome, associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our initial clinical experience of mostly mild COVID-19 illness in children changed with the presentation of children with systemic inflammation and cardiac involvement, all of whom tested negative at presentation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with subsequent positive antibody testing. We propose that in addition to simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing, inflammatory markers, cardiac enzymes, and electrocardiography should be considered in lymphopenic pediatric patients presenting with fever, significant tachycardia, and gastrointestinal symptoms in areas with widespread community transmission of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687574/ doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa087 id: cord-305568-8seufdv0 author: Rohani, Pejman title: Protein losing enteropathy and pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with COVID 19 infection date: 2021-01-31 words: 2229.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305568-8seufdv0.txt summary: According to first adult studies association of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with COVID 19 infection was as high as 79% (1).But later study showed lower association around 18% (2).As the pandemic of COVID 19 is going on, different clinical presentation of disease especially in children are well appeared. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known as COVID 19 seems to be one of the most contagious and dangerous infection in children and adults. Acute appendicitis like presentation associated with COVID 19 infection has been reported in literature especially in children. After management of infection children discharged without surgical intervention [10] .There are several case reports about acute appendicitis like presentation and acute surgical abdomen in adults [11] [12] [13] [14] . Thus during pandemic of COVID 19 surgeons should consider this infection and use radiologic studies beside The results of abdominal CT were pneumatosis intestinalis in ascending colon, colon dilatation and recurrent small bowel intussusceptions were seen. abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is known as COVID 19 seems to be one of the most contagious and dangerous infection in children and adults. According to first adult studies association of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with COVID 19 infection was as high as 79% (1).But later study showed lower association around 18% (2).As the pandemic of COVID 19 is going on, different clinical presentation of disease especially in children are well appeared. In addition atypical presentations may confuse and mislead physician to do different diagnostic procedures and interventions. We report a 6 years and half old boy with diarrhea, abdominal pain with first diagnosis acute abdomen due to acute appendicitis. At last diagnosis of pneumatosis intestinalis due to enterocolitis was confirmed. Case presentation A 6 years and half old boy with severe abdominal pain admitted in emergency ward. He had history of fever, nine days of diarrhea and recurrent vomiting. The abdominal pain was severe with moderate tenderness in right lower quadrant. He admitted in pediatric surgery ward after surgical consultation for rolling out acute appendicitis. The results of first lab studies were shown leucopenia, lymphopenia and COVID 19 PCR was positive. During admission the cough has increased and abdominal distention has evolved. Vomiting was intractable and feeding was impossible. Pneumatosis intestinalis in ascending colon and dilatation in colon caliber were detected abdominal. Miliary like pattern in lung has reported in chest CT. Stool exam results revealed loss of protein in high amount in spite of normal pancreatic and enterocyte function. The calprotectin was high and implied high inflammation in large intestine. With all above data necrotizing enterocolitis management was started. After 14 days patients had good appetite and feeding slowly introduced. All symptoms resolved with exception of cough. Albumin and other electrolytes remained stable. The patient discharged without morbidity. Conclusion COVID 19 infection has many different and mysterious presentations. GI manifestations are among important, common presentations. The acute abdomen like presentation with different complications like pneumatosis intestinalis, protein losing enteropathy are not common but knowledge about these presentations assist physician to be aware and make decision accurately. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213576620303018 doi: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101667 id: cord-346075-q4jbqsh1 author: Rohith, G. title: Dynamics and control of COVID-19 pandemic with nonlinear incidence rates date: 2020-06-25 words: 6127.0 sentences: 375.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346075-q4jbqsh1.txt summary: This work attempts to analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak using the SEIR model, with nonlinear incident rate, with the help of bifurcation theory. Motivated from this, this paper also presents a model-based closed-loop solution to control COVID-19 pandemic by the synthesis of appropriate threshold on Government control variable α, using the technique of sliding mode control (SMC). If one can adopt a methodology to gradually introduce some relaxations to the public (as incentives) in the Government action (α) with a specific target (like limiting the number of exposed/infected people to a smaller threshold value), that could serve as a better alternative to control a global pandemic like COVID-19. Figure 9 presents the comparison between the COVID-19 transmission trend as suggested by the SEIR model with a nonlinear incidence rate function and real-time data for India [37] . abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. As of May 23, 2020, according to WHO, there are 213 countries, areas or territories with COVID-19 positive cases. To effectively address this situation, it is imperative to have a clear understanding of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics and to concoct efficient control measures to mitigate/contain the spread. In this work, the COVID-19 dynamics is modelled using susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed model with a nonlinear incidence rate. In order to control the transmission, the coefficient of nonlinear incidence function is adopted as the Governmental control input. To adequately understand the COVID-19 dynamics, bifurcation analysis is performed and the effect of varying reproduction number on the COVID-19 transmission is studied. The inadequacy of an open-loop approach in controlling the disease spread is validated via numerical simulations and a robust closed-loop control methodology using sliding mode control is also presented. The proposed SMC strategy could bring the basic reproduction number closer to 1 from an initial value of 2.5, thus limiting the exposed and infected individuals to a controllable threshold value. The model and the proposed control strategy are then compared with real-time data in order to verify its efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05774-5 doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05774-5 id: cord-285979-ha5nszxi author: Rojas, Manuel title: Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action date: 2020-05-05 words: 5818.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285979-ha5nszxi.txt summary: CP early administered after symptoms onset showed a reduction in mortality compared with placebo or no therapy in severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology like influenza and SARS-CoV, however, a similar response in Ebola disease was not observed [20, 25] . This was demonstrated in B cells, where the upregulation of FCRIIB was associated with treatment efficacy for acute rejection after kidney transplantation [81] , and was J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f a key determinant for IVIg response in patients with Kawasaki disease [82] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therapeutic options including antimalarials, antivirals, and vaccines are under study. Meanwhile the current pandemic has called attention over old therapeutic tools to treat infectious diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP) constitutes the first option in the current situation, since it has been successfully used in other coronaviruses outbreaks. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CP and their repercussion in COVID-19 pathogenesis, including direct neutralization of the virus, control of an overactive immune system (i.e., cytokine storm, Th1/Th17 ratio, complement activation) and immunomodulation of a hypercoagulable state. All these benefits of CP are expected to be better achieved if used in non-critically hospitalized patients, in the hope of reducing morbidity and mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997220301166?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102554 id: cord-290960-0kdv91j0 author: Rojas-Marte, G title: Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab: a case–controlled study date: 2020-06-19 words: 2778.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290960-0kdv91j0.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, case–control, single-center study in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. CONCLUSION: Our study showed a non-statistically significant lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received tocilizumab. 9, 10 Studies have reported that patients with severe COVID-19 disease have experienced rapid resolution of fever and improvement in oxygenation after treatment with tocilizumab. No clinical study has reported the use of tocilizumab among hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection in the USA. A control group of 97 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 disease who had not received tocilizumab was included. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 96 patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received a single dose of the IL-6 inhibitor tocilizumab as part of their treatment. Our study showed a non-significant trend toward lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing threat to society. Patients who develop the most severe forms of the disease have high mortality. The interleukin-6 inhibitor tocilizumab has the potential to improve outcomes in these patients by preventing the development of cytokine release storm. AIMS: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with the interleukin-6 inhibitor tocilizumab. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, case–control, single-center study in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab. Disease severity was defined based on the amount of oxygen supplementation required. The primary endpoint was the overall mortality. Secondary endpoints were mortality in non-intubated patients and mortality in intubated patients. RESULTS: A total of 193 patients were included in the study. Ninety-six patients received tocilizumab, while 97 served as the control group. The mean age was 60 years. Patients over 65 years represented 43% of the population. More patients in the tocilizumab group reported fever, cough and shortness of breath (83%, 80% and 96% vs. 73%, 69% and 71%, respectively). There was a non-statistically significant lower mortality in the treatment group (52% vs. 62.1%, P = 0.09). When excluding intubated patients, there was statistically significant lower mortality in patients treated with tocilizumab (6% vs. 27%, P = 0.024). Bacteremia was more common in the control group (24% vs. 13%, P = 0.43), while fungemia was similar for both (3% vs. 4%, P = 0.72). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a non-statistically significant lower mortality in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 disease who received tocilizumab. When intubated patients were excluded, the use of tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa206 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa206 id: cord-335951-m1e9raz3 author: Rojek, A. title: A cross-sectional study of patients presenting for hospital-based screening for COVID-19: risk of disease, and healthcare access preferences. date: 2020-04-18 words: 2495.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335951-m1e9raz3.txt summary: We assessed the proportion of patients who met screening criteria; self-reported symptom severity; reasons why they came to the ED for screening; views on community-based models of care; and sources of information accessed about COVID-19. Conclusions: if we are to ensure that emergency departments can cope with the likely surge in presentations requiring resuscitation or inpatient care COVID-19, we should strengthen access to alternative services to triage patients to prevent unnecessary presentations at health services, and to direct those who are well but require screening away from EDs. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) risks placing "overwhelming demands on our health system". Unnecessary presentations for testing during this phase places additional strain on the public health service, including EDs. As we enter the pandemic phase of SARS-CoV-2, it will become critically important that the right patient is assessed, and then if necessary, treated at the right facility. abstract: Introduction: Early during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Australian emergency departments (EDs) have experienced an unprecedented surge in patients seeking screening for COVID-19. Understanding what proportion of these patients require screening, who can be safely screened in community based models of care, and who requires an emergency departments to care for them is critical for workforce and infrastructure planning across the healthcare system, as well as public messaging campaigns. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, we screened patients presenting to a SARS-CoV-2 screening clinic in a tertiary hospital Emergency Department in Melbourne, Australia. We assessed the proportion of patients who met screening criteria; self-reported symptom severity; reasons why they came to the ED for screening; views on community-based models of care; and sources of information accessed about COVID-19. Results: We included findings from 1846 patients who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) for COVID-19 screening from 18th to 30th March 2020. Most patients (55.3%) did not meet criteria for screening and most (57.6%) had mild or no (13.4%) symptoms. The main reason for coming to the ED was being referred by a telephone health service (31.3%) and 136 (7.4%) said they tried to contact their GP but could not get an appointment. Only 47 (2.6%) said they thought the disease was too specialized for their GP to manage. Patients accessed numerous information sources, commonly government websites (68.4%) and other websites (51.3%) for COVID-19 information. Conclusions: if we are to ensure that emergency departments can cope with the likely surge in presentations requiring resuscitation or inpatient care COVID-19, we should strengthen access to alternative services to triage patients to prevent unnecessary presentations at health services, and to direct those who are well but require screening away from EDs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067207 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067207 id: cord-283758-0z3jwwby author: Rokadiya, S. title: COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date: 2020-07-08 words: 973.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt summary: We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital, in order to identify risk factors for patients discharged and subsequent management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. In the re-admission group, the average time before being re-admitted to hospital was 10 days (IQR 6 -15), with dyspnoea the presenting complaint in 13/25 (52%). As far as we are aware, this is the first study looking at clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital. However, the high mortality rate (24%), and the median and prevalence of low SpO2 results in patients re-admitted is concerning and warrants further studies to evaluate reasons for re-admission, ensuring appropriate safety-netting when discharged. Based on our data on the average time before re-presentation at 10 days, enhanced, personalised follow up at 7 days in a formalised COVID-19 clinic with radiological imaging and oxygen saturation recording using pulse oximetry probes may help early identification of those at risk of deterioration, thus preventing re-admission. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007 id: cord-322456-5at1euqm author: Rokohl, Alexander C. title: Die Rolle der Augenheilkunde in der COVID-19-Pandemie date: 2020-06-09 words: 1837.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322456-5at1euqm.txt summary: Im Dezember 2019 wurde Dr. Li Wenliang, ein Augenarzt aus der Volksrepublik China, in seinem Krankenhaus auf 7 Patienten, die alle unter einem schweren akuten Atemnotsyndrom litten und vorher einen Großmarkt in Wuhan besuchten, aufmerksam. Das COVID-19 auslösende Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) wurde durch die Coronavirus-Studiengruppe des Internationalen Komitees zur Taxonomie von Viren (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) aufgrund der sehr engen Verwandtschaft zum Sars-Virus (Sars-CoV), an dem 2002/2003 Hunderte Menschen gestorben waren, benannt. Auch Dr. Li Wenliang, der Augenarzt, der die COVID-19 als einer der Ersten entdeckte und später auch an der Krankheit verstarb, könnte von einem asymptomatischen Patienten infiziert worden sein [23] . Zudem konnte in mehreren Studien mit hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten SARS-CoV-2-RNA in der Tränenflüssigkeit nachgewiesen werden [2, 28, 30, 32] . Although isolated conjunctival involvement is highly unlikely, at the current point in time of the COVID-19 pandemic, practically every patient examined by an ophthalmologist could be infected with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide pandemic. This pandemic presents a huge challenge for the healthcare system and also for ophthalmologists. Previous studies and case reports indicated that SARS-CoV‑2 also infects the conjunctiva resulting in conjunctivitis. In addition, infectious virus particles in the tear fluid can be potential sources of infection; however, the detection of SARS-CoV‑2 RNA in the tear fluid has rarely been successful. Although isolated conjunctival involvement is highly unlikely, at the current point in time of the COVID-19 pandemic, practically every patient examined by an ophthalmologist could be infected with SARS-CoV‑2. Therefore, protective and hygiene measures should currently be consistently followed to minimize the risk of spreading the virus. Currently, there are no treatment recommendations for conjunctivitis associated with COVID-19. Tear substitutes might be helpful for symptom relief but there is no evidence for a topical antiviral therapy. In the future ophthalmologists could play a decisive role in the screening of maculopathies that might occur during COVID-19 treatment using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32519117/ doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01148-9 id: cord-327600-xa6uibi8 author: Roland, Lauren T. title: In Reply: Challenges in interpreting the diagnostic performance of symptoms to predict COVID‐19 status: the case of anosmia date: 2020-06-25 words: 797.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327600-xa6uibi8.txt summary: The research done to date regarding olfactory dysfunction as a disease predictor was performed during the outbreak and ongoing evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. 1,2 Early work was valuable in drawing attention to the common symptoms of COVID-19 presentation in the setting of limited testing access and enhancing advocacy for adequate personal protective equipment. For example, rapid antigen detection for influenza testing has also been shown to be limited by the timing of testing in relation to symptoms. 2. While the authors focus on the single symptom of anosmia for predicting COVID-19, several of the included studies evaluated multiple symptoms as predictors. 3. As we move into influenza season, more work can be done to improve our understanding of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 as compared to other viral infections. Again, we thank the authors for their comments and caution regarding interpretation of the COVID-19 literature on anosmia based on disease prevalence with respect to time and location. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32583946/ doi: 10.1002/alr.22648 id: cord-350992-l6l24pco author: Roldan, Eugenia Quiros title: The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? date: 2020-05-13 words: 8037.0 sentences: 393.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt summary: Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. We also propose a different insight into some of CQ and HCQ effects, suggesting a potential role of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 disease (COVID-19), similarly to several other human viral infections [2] [3] [4] . The search strategy was to use different search terms alone and in any combination, such as "Sars-Cov-2 disease", "COVID-19", "Sars-Cov-2", "coronavirus", "clinical trial", "treatment", "drug", "chloroquine", "hydroxychloroquine", "iron", "virus", "viral entry", "viral spread", "anti-viral activity", "infection", "inflammation", "immunity", "innate immunity", "cytokine", "IL-6", "TNF-", "IL-1", "adaptive immunity", "thrombosis", "in vitro". abstract: The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820312123?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104904 id: cord-293822-axr9qu58 author: Rolland, John S. title: COVID‐19 Pandemic: Applying a Multi‐Systemic Lens date: 2020-07-17 words: 6469.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293822-axr9qu58.txt summary: Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. In addition to communication processes and organizational/structural patterns, particular emphasis includes: family and individual life course development in relation to the time phases of a disorder; multigenerational legacies related to illness and loss; and belief systems (including influences of culture, ethnicity, race, spirituality, and gender) (Figure 1 ). As the pandemic continues to evolve, these discussions will need to be revisited -relating to new COVID-19 data and to changing family circumstances, such as life cycle transitions or altered economic and health status. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has a pervasive effect on all aspects of family life. We can distinguish the collective societal and community effects of the global pandemic and the risk and disease impact for individuals and families. This paper draws on Rolland’s Family Systems Illness (FSI) model to describe some of the unique challenges through a multi‐systemic lens. Highlighting the pattern of psychosocial issues of COVID‐19 over time, discussion emphasizes the evolving interplay of larger systems public health pandemic challenges and mitigation strategies with individual and family processes. The paper addresses issues of coping with myriad Covid‐19 uncertainties in the initial crisis wave and evolving phases of the pandemic in the context of individual and family development, pre‐existing illness or disability, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. The discussion offers recommendations for timely family oriented consultation and psychoeducation, and for healthcare clinician self‐care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677711/ doi: 10.1111/famp.12584 id: cord-283175-kh2rm2ir author: Roma, Paolo title: How to Improve Compliance with Protective Health Measures during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model and Machine Learning Algorithms date: 2020-10-04 words: 7557.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283175-kh2rm2ir.txt summary: Perceived efficacy has been studied in relation to a variety of general health measures, including engaging in physical activity, receiving vaccinations, and complying with medical treatment among psychiatric outpatients [11] [12] [13] ; the literature suggests that it is a key determinant for compliance with preventive health behaviors and that "only when a person feels that the recommended behavior is likely to lead to the desired outcome will adoption of the recommendations occur" ( [14] , p. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this vein, the present study sought to explore the relationship between civic engagement (specifically, civic attitudes), perceived efficacy, self-efficacy, and compliance with protective health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: In the wake of the sudden spread of COVID-19, a large amount of the Italian population practiced incongruous behaviors with the protective health measures. The present study aimed at examining psychological and psychosocial variables that could predict behavioral compliance. An online survey was administered from 18–22 March 2020 to 2766 participants. Paired sample t-tests were run to compare efficacy perception with behavioral compliance. Mediation and moderated mediation models were constructed to explore the association between perceived efficacy and compliance, mediated by self-efficacy and moderated by risk perception and civic attitudes. Machine learning algorithms were trained to predict which individuals would be more likely to comply with protective measures. Results indicated significantly lower scores in behavioral compliance than efficacy perception. Risk perception and civic attitudes as moderators rendered the mediating effect of self-efficacy insignificant. Perceived efficacy on the adoption of recommended behaviors varied in accordance with risk perception and civic engagement. The 14 collected variables, entered as predictors in machine learning models, produced an ROC area in the range of 0.82–0.91 classifying individuals as high versus low compliance. Overall, these findings could be helpful in guiding age-tailored information/advertising campaigns in countries affected by COVID-19 and directing further research on behavioral compliance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020395/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197252 id: cord-335593-cjb0daps author: Romagnolo, Alberto title: Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 3430.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335593-cjb0daps.txt summary: However, no data have been reported yet on the prevalence and the association with infection severity of pre-existing neurological comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of neurological pre-existing comorbidities in a large cohort of patients admitted to ER and diagnosed with COVID-19, estimating their association with infection severity. Patients with neurological comorbidity showed an OR of 2.3 of suffering from severe COVID-19, even after including age and other clinical and demographic characteristics in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, our study reports the prevalence of different neurological diseases in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19, assessing their association with the infection severity. In our sample, patients with pre-existing neurological diseases showed a significantly higher risk for severe infection, in particular when associated with other comorbidities, suggesting that this population deserves a thorough evaluation since the earliest phases of overt or suspected COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurological symptoms of COVID-19 patients have been recently described. However, no comprehensive data have been reported on pre-existing neurological comorbidities and COVID-19. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of neurological comorbidities, and their association with COVID-19 severity. METHODS: We evaluated all consecutive patients admitted to the Emergency Room (ER) of our hospital between the 3rd March and the 14th April 2020, and diagnosed with COVID-19. Data on neurological and non-neurological diseases were extracted, as well as data on demographic characteristics and on severity degree of COVID-19. The prevalence of neurological comorbidities was calculated, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between neurological diseases and COVID-19 severity. RESULTS: We included 344 patients. Neurological comorbidities accounted for 22.4% of cases, with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment being the most frequent. Neurological comorbidity resulted independently associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 2.305; p = 0.012), as well as male gender (p = 0.001), older age (p = 0.001), neoplastic diseases (p = 0.039), and arterial hypertension (p = 0.045). When neurological comorbidity was associated with non-neurological comorbidities, the OR for severe COVID-19 rose to 7.394 (p = 0.005). Neurological patients, in particular cerebrovascular and cognitively impaired ones, received more respiratory support indication. CONCLUSION: Neurological comorbidities represent a significant determinant of COVID-19 severity, deserving a thorough evaluation since the earliest phases of infection. The vulnerability of patients affected by neurological diseases should suggest a greater attention in targeting this population for proactive viral screening. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10123-y doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10123-y id: cord-257718-72b0edg6 author: Romanelli, John title: The COVID-19 reset: lessons from the pandemic on Burnout and the Practice of Surgery date: 2020-10-13 words: 4665.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257718-72b0edg6.txt summary: Although many mechanisms to address Burnout are from a defensive standpoint—including coping mechanisms, problem solving, and identification of a physician having wellness difficulties—offensive mechanisms such as pursuing purpose and meaning and finding joy in one''s work can serve as reset points that promote thriving and fulfillment. Strategies such as mindfulness training, exercise, taking time-off and ways to improve work/life integration seemed to say that the problem was with the doctors, failing to target significant underlying problems related to the electronic medical record (EMR), performance metrics and lack of flexibility and autonomy that diverted us from activities to improve patient care while taking care of ourselves [1] . The objectives were to identify strategies that promote joy in the practice of surgery, both through identification of surgeon habits that support optimal performance but also through encouraging institutions to commit to healthier, more efficient and positive work environments. Surgeons may be vulnerable to a lack of joy, even Burnout when professional pursuits lose their meaning and purpose, a negative influence which can impact personal lives and relationships. abstract: BACKGROUND: Burnout among physicians is an increasing concern, and surgeons are not immune to this threat. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused dramatic changes to surgeon workflow, often leading to redeployment to other clinical areas, slowdown and shutdown of elective surgery practices, and an uncertain future of surgical practice in the post-pandemic setting. Paradoxically, for many surgeons who had to prepare for but not immediately care for a major surge, the crisis did allow for reflective opportunities and a resetting of priorities that could serve to mitigate chronic patterns contributory to Burnout. METHODS: SAGES Reimagining the Practice of Surgery task force convened a webinar to discuss lessons learned from the COVID pandemic that may address burnout. RESULTS: Burnout is multifactorial and may vary in cause among different generation/experience groups. Those that report burnout symptoms often complain of lacking purpose or meaning in their work. Although many mechanisms to address Burnout are from a defensive standpoint—including coping mechanisms, problem solving, and identification of a physician having wellness difficulties—offensive mechanisms such as pursuing purpose and meaning and finding joy in one's work can serve as reset points that promote thriving and fulfillment. Understanding what motivates physicians will help physician leaders to develop and sustain effective teams. Reinvigorating the surgical workforce around themes of meaning and joy in the service rendered via our surgical skills may diminish Burnout through generative and aspirational strategies, as opposed to merely reactive ones. Fostering an educational environment free of discriminatory or demeaning behavior may produce a new workforce conducive to enhanced and resilient wellbeing at the start of careers. CONCLUSION: Surgeon wellness and self-care must be considered an important factor in the future of all healthcare delivery systems, a need reaffirmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-08072-8 doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-08072-8 id: cord-029172-fctcfoak author: Romano, John L. title: Politics of Prevention: Reflections From the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-13 words: 8401.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029172-fctcfoak.txt summary: Two theoretical perspectives that may help to inform effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures, Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, are summarized. Studies of COVID-19 preventive interventions offer rich potential to prevention scientists, researching topics such as effectiveness of recommended behaviors, compliance across different demographic groups, and effectiveness of varying media messages. Systemic prevention interventions that enhance personal, social, and physical well-being across institutions, communities, and larger entities, such as cities, states, or countries, have been advocated across many different problem areas (American Psychological Association [APA], 2014). Interestingly, APA has a very active advocacy initiative within its structure, reporting regularly to the membership about its work with policy makers on topics such as promoting social justice and human rights, reducing health disparities, addressing violence prevention, and encouraging members to do likewise. In a school-based example, some parents will accept and deem important prevention programs that teach sex education to develop healthy sexual behavior, reduce teen pregnancy, and promote respect and acceptance of different sexual identities. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic from a prevention science perspective, including research topics, is discussed. Political considerations that influence prevention activities, with examples from the pandemic and from more typical prevention initiatives in schools and communities, are presented. The definitions of prevention science and prevention interventions are delineated, and a brief summary of prevention history is given. The relationship between health disparities and COVID-19 is discussed. Two theoretical perspectives that may help to inform effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures, Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, are summarized. The article emphasizes the importance of adapting prevention applications to the intended recipients, especially ethnic and cultural groups. The need to strengthen prevention training in graduate education and strategies to reform the education to meet accreditation and licensing standards are suggested. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7358972/ doi: 10.1177/2632077020938360 id: cord-257867-3j6o1nko author: Romano, Nicola title: Pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-06 words: 335.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257867-3j6o1nko.txt summary: We herein report two cases of pneumomediastinum related to Covid-19 pneumonia, in patients who underwent chest-CT scan in our Hospital. Unenhanced chest CT-scan revealed the presence of some small ground-glass opacities bilaterally, in particular in paracardiac regions of superior and inferior lobes, findings compatible with Covid-19 pneumonia. Surprisingly, an amount of free air bubbles was present in the superficial cervical soft tissue (around sternocleidomastoid muscles and thyroid gland) and descending into the mediastinal cavity (around trachea, esophagus and great vessels) [ Figure 1A , known, a spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused by a pressure gradient between the alveoli and pulmonary interstitium leading to alveolar breakdown as described by Macklin. In cases of infection by SRAS-COV, pneumomediastinum may be related to damage and rupture of alveolar membrane caused by the virus [3, 5] . COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: 41 cases abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002962920302457 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.003 id: cord-355905-av03suua author: Romero Starke, Karla title: The Age-Related Risk of Severe Outcomes Due to COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression date: 2020-08-17 words: 6825.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355905-av03suua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355905-av03suua.txt summary: Because not all important age-related risk factors were included in the analysis, and because they adjusted for biomarkers which were reflective of disease severity/COVID-19 infection, the study was rated as having a high risk of bias. Due to the lack of age-related risk factors included in the analysis and the adjustment for fever, which is reflective of COVID-19 infection/disease severity, this study was determined to have a high risk of bias. This study received a high risk of bias rating because only patients older than 60 years of age were considered, because of missing risk factors, and because biomarkers were used that might indicate a COVID-19 infection/disease severity. All the studies included in the meta-analysis for mortality were rated as having a high risk of bias because not all age-dependent risk factors were considered and because the variables used in the analysis may have already indicated COVID-19 disease severity. abstract: Increased age appears to be a strong risk factor for COVID-19 severe outcomes. However, studies do not sufficiently consider the age-dependency of other important factors influencing the course of disease. The aim of this review was to quantify the isolated effect of age on severe COVID-19 outcomes. We searched Pubmed to find relevant studies published in 2020. Two independent reviewers evaluated them using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted the results and assessed seven domains of bias for each study. After adjusting for important age-related risk factors, the isolated effect of age was estimated using meta-regression. Twelve studies met our inclusion criteria: four studies for COVID-19 disease severity, seven for mortality, and one for admission to ICU. The crude effect of age (5.2% and 13.4% higher risk of disease severity and death per age year, respectively) substantially decreased when adjusting for important age-dependent risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease/cerebrovascular disease, compromised immunity, previous respiratory disease, renal disease). Adjusting for all six comorbidities indicates a 2.7% risk increase for disease severity (two studies), and no additional risk of death per year of age (five studies). The indication of a rather weak influence of age on COVID-19 disease severity after adjustment for important age-dependent risk factors should be taken in consideration when implementing age-related preventative measures (e.g., age-dependent work restrictions). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824596/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165974 id: cord-286552-4ip0yl0n author: Romero, Carolina S. title: COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group date: 2020-05-14 words: 1176.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286552-4ip0yl0n.txt summary: title: COVID-19 psychological impact in 3109 healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV group The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C) Font-Roja Questionnaire and (D) Trait Meta-Mood Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological impact in healthcare workers in Spain during COVID-19 emergency has been studied. For analytical purposes, the Spanish Tertiary hospital workers showed a higher level of stress, PSAS 43.9 (16.6) along with ambulance services, PSAS 43.7 (15) when compared to other groups ( p < 0.0001). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers in Spain, has been evaluated. Stress at work in healthcare environment and adaptative coping strategies (in Spanish) abstract: BACKGROUND: The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a great impact worldwide. Healthcare workers play an essential role and are one of the most exposed groups. Information about the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers is limited. METHODS: 3109 healthcare workers completed a national, internet-based, cross-sectional 45-item survey between 9 and 19 April 2020. The objective is to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish healthcare workers. A Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score (PSAS) was defined combining four modified versions of validated psychological assessment tests (A) Healthcare Stressful Test, (B) Coping Strategies Inventory, (C) Font-Roja Questionnaire and (D) Trait Meta-Mood Scale. RESULTS: The highest psychosocial impact was perceived in Respiratory Medicine, the mean (S.D.) PSAS was 48.3 (13.6) and Geriatrics 47.6 (16.4). Higher distress levels were found in the geographical areas with the highest incidence of COVID-19 (>245.5 cases per 100 000 people), PSAS 46.8 (15.2); p < 0.001. The least stress respondents were asymptomatic workers PSAS, 41.3 (15.4); p < 0.001, as well as those above 60 years old, PSAS, 37.6 (16); p < 0.001. Workers who needed psychological therapy and did not receive it, were more stressed PSAS 52.5 (13.6) than those who did not need it PSAS 39.7 (13.9); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological impact in healthcare workers in Spain during COVID-19 emergency has been studied. The stress perceived is parallel to the number of cases per 100 000 people. Psychotherapy could have a major role to mitigate the experimented stress level. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404217/ doi: 10.1017/s0033291720001671 id: cord-275395-w2u7fq1g author: Romero-Severson, Ethan Obie title: Change in global transmission rates of COVID-19 through May 6 2020 date: 2020-08-06 words: 4021.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275395-w2u7fq1g.txt summary: In this report, we developed a deterministic-stochastic hybrid model and fitted the model to case incidence and death incidence time series data from 55 countries. We model the spread of COVID-19 as a partially observed Markov process with real-valued states S (susceptible), E (exposed), I (infected), and R (removed) to describe the latent population dynamics, and integer-valued states C 0 (to be counted), Y 1 (counted cases), D 0:3 (dying), and Y 2 (counted deaths) to model sampling into the data. Generally, countries that were found to have both variable transmission rates and variable detection probabilities (model 3 in Table 1) show a pattern of level or increasing deaths coupled with a level or slightly declining incidence in number of reported cases. The deaths due to COVID-19 in Europe are lower than the average number of reported deaths in a period of the same length for all countries in the data set that also had all-cause death counts from previous years. abstract: We analyzed COVID-19 data through May 6th, 2020 using a partially observed Markov process. Our method uses a hybrid deterministic and stochastic formalism that allows for time variable transmission rates and detection probabilities. The model was fit using iterated particle filtering to case count and death count time series from 55 countries. We found evidence for a shrinking epidemic in 30 of the 55 examined countries. Of those 30 countries, 27 have significant evidence for subcritical transmission rates, although the decline in new cases is relatively slow compared to the initial growth rates. Generally, the transmission rates in Europe were lower than in the Americas and Asia. This suggests that global scale social distancing efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19 are effective although they need to be strengthened in many regions and maintained in others to avoid further resurgence of COVID-19. The slow decline also suggests alternative strategies to control the virus are needed before social distancing efforts are partially relaxed. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236776 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236776 id: cord-268940-8th4ij8i author: Romito, Francesca title: Psychological Distress in Outpatients With Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-10 words: 3727.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268940-8th4ij8i.txt summary: In this context, we have evaluated the psychological status of onco-hematological outpatients receiving infusion and not deferrable anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with the aim of both measuring the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic and also of investigating the perception of risk of potential nosocomial infection. Psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptoms in cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic have not yet been evaluated in Chinese or other national studies. In this context, we conducted a prospective evaluation of the psychological status of outpatients receiving anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative diseases during lockdown in our non-COVID Cancer Center Institute in southern Italy, pursuing the following aims: (i) to measure the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic; and (ii) to investigate the perception of the risk of potential nosocomial infection. abstract: Cancer patients are a population at high risk of contracting COVID-19 and, also of developing severe complications due to the infection, which is especially true when they are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. Despite this, they had still to go to hospital to receive chemotherapy during lockdown. In this context, we have evaluated the psychological status of onco-hematological outpatients receiving infusion and not deferrable anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with the aim of both measuring the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic and also of investigating the perception of risk of potential nosocomial infection. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to all patients. Moreover, patients were investigated about their worries regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their lives as onco-hematologic patients. Since the 2nd to the 29th April 2020 (during the first phase of the lockdown period in Italy), 77 outpatients were prospectively evaluated. They were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma. The mean age was 56.6 (range 22–85). We found that 36% of patients had anxiety (HADS-A), 31% depression (HADS-D), and 43% were above the cut-off for the HADS-General Scale; 36% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women and younger patients were found to be more vulnerable to anxiety and PTSD. The study firstly analyzes the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frail population of patients affected by lymphoproliferative neoplasms, to underly the importance of screening patients for emotional and distress conditions and then offering them psychological support. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01270 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01270 id: cord-333805-xmqs2ax7 author: Romoli, Michele title: A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details date: 2020-06-05 words: 4025.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333805-xmqs2ax7.txt summary: BACKGROUND: We systematically reviewed available evidence for reports of neurological signs and symptoms in Coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 patients to identify cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection or immune‐mediated reaction in the nervous system. This study therefore aimed to identify clinical cases of confirmed nervous system invasion or postinfectious neurological disease in the available COVID-19 literature on the basis of a systematic review. A systematic review was carried out to study all cases reporting nervous system involvement in patients with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. There were just 2 cases with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in CSF among 27 patients with potential neurologic symptoms and proven COVID-19. In this regard, we see a clear need for the use of precise case definitions and focused diagnostic work-up to distinguish nonspecific complications of severe disease and focused reporting of neurological involvement in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: BACKGROUND: We systematically reviewed available evidence for reports of neurological signs and symptoms in Coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19 patients to identify cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection or immune‐mediated reaction in the nervous system. METHODS: We followed PRISMA guidelines and used the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MedRxiv and ChinaXiv databases to search for papers on COVID‐19 and nervous system involvement which were published from January 1(st) to April 24(th) 2020. Data on design, sample size, neurologic assessment and related work‐up were extracted. Biases were assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. RESULTS: We analysed 27 publications on potential neuroinvasive or parainfectious neurological complications of COVID‐19. The reports focused on smell and taste (n=5) and evaluation of neurological symptoms and signs in cohorts (n=5). There were cases of Guillain‐Barré syndrome/Miller‐Fisher syndrome/cranial neuropathy (7 cases), meningitis/encephalitis (9 cases) and various other conditions (5 cases). Patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and in particular SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR was negligible. Amongst, two had a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR exam of CSF specimen. The study of potential parenchymal involvement with magnetic resonance imaging was rare. Only 4 reports received a rating for the highest quality standards. CONCLUSION: This systematic review failed to establish comprehensive insights to nervous system manifestations of COVID‐19 beyond immune‐mediated complications as aftermath of respiratory symptoms. The authors therefore provide guidance for more careful clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological studies to characterize the manifestations and burden of neurological disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 on behalf of the Infectious Disease Panel of the European Academy of Neurology. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14382 doi: 10.1111/ene.14382 id: cord-302886-5zjghwkq author: Ronit, Andreas title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 words: 4604.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the available evidence favors the presence of severe immunopathology during COVID-19 ARDS, the compartmental transmission of immunoinflammatory processes between blood and lungs remains unexplored, and characterization of distinct leukocyte subpopulations and their cytokine mediators could thus potentially reveal both novel therapeutic targets and guide the timing of treatment. In the present study, we immunophenotyped bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. [33] [34] [35] A recent study performed genome-wide transcriptome sequencing of RNA obtained from BALF in 3 patients with COVID-19 with unknown disease severity; it reported different expression of 1004 genes, including a high expression of cytokines such as MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1A, and MIP-1B. In conclusion, our study provides novel phenotypic insight into the cell composition and inflammatory mediators simultaneously present in the lungs and blood in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe immunopathology may drive the deleterious manifestations that are observed in the advanced stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: We consecutively included patients less than 72 hours after intubation following informed consent from their next of kin. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evaluated by microscopy; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood were assessed by 10-color flow cytometry and a multiplex cytokine panel. RESULTS: Four mechanically ventilated patients (aged 40-75 years) with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS were included. Immature neutrophils dominated in both blood and lungs, whereas CD4 and CD8 T-cell lymphopenia was observed in the 2 compartments. However, regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells were found in higher fractions in the lung. Lung CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages expressed an even higher upregulation of activation markers than in blood. A wide range of cytokines were expressed at high levels both in the blood and in the lungs, most notably, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattactant protein-1, consistent with hyperinflammation. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 ARDS exhibits a distinct immunologic profile in the lungs, with a depleted and exhausted CD4 and CD8 T-cell population that resides within a heavily hyperinflammatory milieu. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674920313178 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.009 id: cord-279667-ikfduu2k author: Ronnje, Louise title: Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery date: 2020-09-04 words: 3361.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279667-ikfduu2k.txt summary: title: Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery Severe COVID-19 promptly improved by the termination of the pregnancy or atypical HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count) exacerbated by concomitant COVID-19 infection could not be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: This case adds to the growing body of evidence which raises concerns about the possible negative maternal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and advocates for pregnant women to be recognized as a vulnerable group during the current pandemic. We report a case of severe COVID-19 during in third trimester pregnancy, which led to an emergency Caesarean section and preterm delivery at 32 + 6 weeks of gestational age. Atypical presentation of HELLP could not be ruled out and the importance of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment and management of severe COVID-19 during pregnancy is critical for positive patient outcome. abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that pregnant women and their fetuses may be particularly at risk for poor outcomes due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. From the few case series that are available in the literature, women with high risk pregnancies have been associated with higher morbidity. It has been suggested that pregnancy induced immune responses and cardio-vascular changes can exaggerate the course of the COVID-19 infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year old Somalian woman (G2P1) presented with a nine-day history of shortness of breath, dry cough, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain and fever. A nasopharyngeal swab returned positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Her condition rapidly worsened leading to severe liver and coagulation impairment. An emergency Caesarean section was performed at gestational week 32 + 6 after which the patient made a rapid recovery. Severe COVID-19 promptly improved by the termination of the pregnancy or atypical HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count) exacerbated by concomitant COVID-19 infection could not be ruled out. There was no evidence of vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS: This case adds to the growing body of evidence which raises concerns about the possible negative maternal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and advocates for pregnant women to be recognized as a vulnerable group during the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03172-8 doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03172-8 id: cord-281713-3iu8qx7n author: Ronquillo, Jay G title: Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA date: 2020-07-13 words: 1986.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281713-3iu8qx7n.txt summary: METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a populationand resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. 6 Resource-adjusted characteristics were calculated by dividing state-level cases by (i) estimated state-level physician totals from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2018 Compendium of US Health Systems (https://www.a hrq.gov/chsp), and (ii) published state-level estimates for mechanical ventilators as described in the Society of Critical Care Medicine report on US ICU Resource Availability for COVID-19. Using information from available publication and news sources, we identified states with and without stay-at-home or similar nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI) orders that were implemented statewide as of the study date. 1 Looking beyond raw case and death counts by adjusting for publicly accessible data on populations and resource estimates can help clarify risks and inform public health policy. abstract: BACKGROUND: Current and future pandemics will require informatics solutions to assess the risks, resources and policies to guide better public health decision-making. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a population- and resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders. RESULTS: There were 2753.2 cases and 158.0 deaths per million residents, respectively, in the USA with variable distributions throughout divisions, regions and states. Forty-two states and Washington, DC, (84.3%) had statewide stay-at-home orders, with the remaining states having population-adjusted characteristics in the highest risk quartile. CONCLUSIONS: Effective national preparedness requires clearly understanding states’ ability to predict, manage and balance public health needs through all stages of a pandemic. This will require leveraging data quickly, correctly and responsibly into sound public health policies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657332/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa081 id: cord-267691-whn49c79 author: Rooney, L. title: ‘Policing’ a pandemic: Garda wellbeing and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 3503.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267691-whn49c79.txt summary: Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic''s propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with ''policing'' a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice. Given the minimal amount of media gratitude expressed to the Garda Síochána for their role in COVID-19, this research not only infers that officers are excluded access to certain sociocultural factors that mitigate environmental stressors but highlights an additional level of vulnerability that should be considered when developing support services for the Gardaí. abstract: In response to the global pandemic COVID-19, the Irish government has called upon the Garda Síochána to implement an unparalleled mode of policing to mitigate and contain the spread of the Coronavirus. Studies investigating smaller scale epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), indicate that staff at the frontlines of an outbreak are exposed to an insuperable amount of stress and experience increased psychological morbidities as a result. Furthermore, research not only indicates that heighted levels of psychological distress are an occupational hazard associated with the law enforcement profession, but that members of the Garda Síochána feel their mental health needs are largely unmet by their organisation. Given the pandemic’s propensity to expose officers to indeterminate echelons of physical and psychological threat; there has never been a more appropriate time to explore the potential burdens associated with ‘policing’ a pandemic, question the governments capacity to address the psychological support needs of frontline professionals, and plan future research for best practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.70 doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.70 id: cord-274628-xu18zf4l author: Ros, Maxime title: Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method date: 2020-05-21 words: 3020.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274628-xu18zf4l.txt summary: METHODS: In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax® Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. This is also consistent with the social distance requirements to reduce unnecessary close proximity of a formal in-person educational classroom in order to educate and train students as well as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f communication sought to provide COVID-19 healthcare workers/responders a means to rapidly create educational content that can be deployed (i.e., at any time including just before any medical/surgical procedure) adequately, efficiently, and meaningfully to best alleviate the issues faced by hospitals, health-care workers/responders, and patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a timely response from the healthcare system train a large and diverse group of healthcare workers/responders swiftly. METHODS: In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax® Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. A survey was then sent to assess their interest. RESULTS: In one-month since the App was created, it was downloaded by 12,516 users and a feedback survey determined that the users valued the tutorials in helping them learn COVID-19 procedures efficiently in real-time. The fast-growing number of downloads and positive user feedback evidences that we created a valuable educational tool with an emergent- and growing-demand. DISCUSSION: The 71.48% App user response rate, showed largely positive feedback of the COVID-19 tutorial. The fact that these healthcare workers/responders took the time to complete the survey during a pandemic was indicative of its immediate value. Further, the App users indicated that they FPV tutorial was rather helpful in addressing their training needs regarding their roles in COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The tutorials were deployed to offer efficient and rapid global public health educational outreach as a tool to address COVID-19 healthcare training in a timely manner. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S026069172030811X doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104479 id: cord-257944-a59ph9c5 author: Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto title: COVID-19 findings identified in chest computed tomography: a pictorial essay date: 2020-06-18 words: 1564.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257944-a59ph9c5.txt summary: (3) Some studies have demonstrated an initial non-negligible false-negative rate, even in symptomatic patientspart of them already presenting characteristic imaging abnormalities in chest computed tomography (CT) and only later becoming positive on laboratory results. (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) The objective of this article was to present examples of tomographic findings described in pneumonia caused by COVID-19, so that healthcare professionals working during this pandemic can be familiar with the disease and identify suspected patients quicker. (14, 15) Ground-ground-glass opacities are the most common and early finding (approximately zero to 4 days after onset of symptoms) in COVID-19 patients; they often present bilateral, peripheral and subpleural distribution in the lower lobes (Figures 1 and 2) . (14, 15) It was originally described as a specific finding for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia; however, it was later observed in patients with several other diseases, such as COVID-19 (11) (Figures 7 and 8 ). abstract: The disease caused by the new coronavirus, or COVID-19, has been recently described and became a health issue worldwide. Its diagnosis of certainty is given by polymerase chain reaction. High-resolution computed tomography, however, is useful in the current context of pandemic, especially for the most severe cases, in assessing disease extent, possible differential diagnoses and searching complications. In patients with suspected clinical symptoms and typical imaging findings, in which there is still no laboratory test result, or polymerase chain reaction is not available, the role of this test is still discussed. In addition, it is important to note that part of the patients present false-negative laboratory tests, especially in initial cases, which can delay isolation, favoring the spread of the disease. Thus, knowledge about the COVID-19 and its imaging manifestations is extremely relevant for all physicians involved in the patient care, clinicians or radiologists. url: https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5741 doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5741 id: cord-301283-5bta8woj author: Rosa, William E. title: LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19:Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians date: 2020-05-11 words: 1897.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301283-5bta8woj.txt summary: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) identified persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at end-of-life. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) identified persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at endof-life. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. As hospitals worldwide respond to an influx of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, and queer/questioning-identified (LGBTQ+) individuals remain particularly vulnerable to health inequities in all settings, including palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care. Specifically, we 1) describe important health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ individuals and 2) provide practical, accessible strategies for palliative care clinicians for immediate implementation to ensure abstract: As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact the seriously ill and their families on a global scale, considerations given to marginalized groups amid the pandemic is essential to ensure the provision of high-quality, dignified care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, queer and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) identified persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at end-of-life. There is a crucial gap in the literature pertaining to palliative care during COVID-19. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. Employing these recommendations is a pragmatic pathway to promote trust, transparency, patient and family engagement, and value concordant care amid the health system strain caused by COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0885392420303730 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.155 id: cord-306733-df36w6l7 author: Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio title: What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-04-14 words: 8591.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt summary: Transient nuclear genome transformation Rapid production; high productivity; implemented at the industrial level Seed bank cannot be generated; requires purification of the antigen to eliminate toxic compounds from the host and ag-robacteria residues S protein; multiepitope vaccines A chimeric protein of GFP and amino acids 1-658 of the SARS-CoV-1 S protein (S1:GFP) was transiently expressed in tobacco leaves and stably transformed in tobacco and lettuce. No immunization assays were performed The SARS-CoV-1 N protein was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, which induced in mice high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a and up regulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 in splenocytes. The precedents of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS antigens expressed in recombinant systems leading to the formation of VLPs constitute important guides for the topic of COVID-19 vaccine development. Thus, VLPs based on the main SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins is an attractive approach for vaccine development against coronavirus infections. abstract: The emergence of new pathogenic viral strains is a constant threat to global health, with the new coronavirus strain COVID-19 as the latest example. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has quickly spread around the globe. This pandemic demands rapid development of drugs and vaccines. Plant-based vaccines are a technology with proven viability, which have led to promising results for candidates evaluated at the clinical level, meaning this technology could contribute towards the fight against COVID-19. Herein, a perspective in how plant-based vaccines can be developed against COVID-19 is presented. Injectable vaccines could be generated by using transient expression systems, which offer the highest protein yields and are already adopted at the industrial level to produce VLPs-vaccines and other biopharmaceuticals under GMPC-processes. Stably-transformed plants are another option, but this approach requires more time for the development of antigen-producing lines. Nonetheless, this approach offers the possibility of developing oral vaccines in which the plant cell could act as the antigen delivery agent. Therefore, this is the most attractive approach in terms of cost, easy delivery, and mucosal immunity induction. The development of multiepitope, rationally-designed vaccines is also discussed regarding the experience gained in expression of chimeric immunogenic proteins in plant systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295153/ doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020183 id: cord-289272-bhq4t850 author: Rosario, Denes K.A. title: Relationship between COVID-19 and weather: Case study in a tropical country date: 2020-06-19 words: 453.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289272-bhq4t850.txt summary: title: Relationship between COVID-19 and weather: Case study in a tropical country This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between weather factors (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and rainfall) and COVID-19 infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Solar radiation showed a strong (-0.609, p < 0.01) negative correlation with the incidence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Temperature (maximum and average) and wind speed showed negative correlation (p < 0.01). Therefore, in this studied tropical state, high solar radiation can be indicated as the main climatic factor that suppress the spread of COVID-19. The data on daily 88 cases of the COVID-19 showed non-normal distribution, so the relationship between weather 89 and COVID-19 incidence was studied using the Spearman rank correlation test. Between nine climatic factors studied, 117 five were significant (temperature maximum, minimum and average, radiation and wind speed). abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between weather factors (temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and rainfall) and COVID-19 infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Solar radiation showed a strong (-0.609, p < 0.01) negative correlation with the incidence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Temperature (maximum and average) and wind speed showed negative correlation (p < 0.01). Therefore, in this studied tropical state, high solar radiation can be indicated as the main climatic factor that suppress the spread of COVID-19. High temperatures, and wind speed also are potential factors. Therefore, the findings of this study show the ability to improve the organizational system of strategies to combat the pandemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and other tropical countries around the word. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113587 doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113587 id: cord-261455-uejtwgar author: Roschewski, Mark title: Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 7677.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261455-uejtwgar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261455-uejtwgar.txt summary: Acalabrutinib, a selective BTK inhibitor, was administered off-label to 19 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (11 on supplemental oxygen; 8 on mechanical ventilation), 18 of whom had increasing oxygen requirements at baseline. This prospective off-label clinical study includes 19 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 who received off-label acalabrutinib between March 20, 2020 (date of treatment of the first patient) through April 10, 2020 with formal data collection completed on April 23, 2020 (Table S1 ). Our laboratory studies of ex vivo blood samples from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 revealed significantly elevated BTK phosphorylation in peripheral blood monocytes compared with healthy volunteers, demonstrating that the target of acalabrutinib is activated in these innate immune cells. BTK activation occurs in macrophages when TLRs bind single-stranded RNA, as may occur in SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to NF-κB-dependent expression of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6 which we observed was induced in COVID-19 monocytes and decreased in plasma following acalabrutinib treatment (Fig. 1) . abstract: Patients with severe COVID-19 have a hyperinflammatory immune response suggestive of macrophage activation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates macrophage signaling and activation. Acalabrutinib, a selective BTK inhibitor, was administered off-label to 19 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (11 on supplemental oxygen; 8 on mechanical ventilation), 18 of whom had increasing oxygen requirements at baseline. Over a 10-14 day treatment course, acalabrutinib improved oxygenation in a majority of patients, often within 1-3 days, and had no discernable toxicity. Measures of inflammation – C-reactive protein and IL-6 – normalized quickly in most patients, as did lymphopenia, in correlation with improved oxygenation. At the end of acalabrutinib treatment, 8/11 (72.7%) patients in the supplemental oxygen cohort had been discharged on room air, and 4/8 (50%) patients in the mechanical ventilation cohort had been successfully extubated, with 2/8 (25%) discharged on room air. Ex vivo analysis revealed significantly elevated BTK activity, as evidenced by autophosphorylation, and increased IL-6 production in blood monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19 compared with blood monocytes from healthy volunteers. These results suggest that targeting excessive host inflammation with a BTK inhibitor is a therapeutic strategy in severe COVID-19 and has led to a confirmatory international prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503877/ doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0110 id: cord-280410-j32tuj5s author: Rose, Adam J. title: COVID-Related Disruption—Finding the Silver Lining date: 2020-08-31 words: 786.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280410-j32tuj5s.txt summary: Growing evidence shows that many non-COVID patients have stayed home with obvious heart attack symptoms rather than coming into the hospital, for fear of catching This has led to patients dying at home, increases in otherwise rare complications such as ventricular wall rupture, 2 and generally to unnecessarily severe complications from events that might have been easily managed under usual circumstances. Cancer treatment has been delayed or disrupted in many cases, despite valiant efforts by healthcare workers to continue it. COVID-19 has not been good for medical care delivery, for patients, or for healthcare workers. While some (or even many) disruptions have been bad for patients and the healthcare system, others seem to have been helpful. Certainly, readers can furnish many examples of how COVID-19 has been bad for care delivery in their area of expertise, their clinic, or their hospital. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06173-7 id: cord-305363-4msd8mqo author: Roselli, Lucia Reis Peixoto title: Utility-Based Multicriteria Model for Screening Patients under the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-01 words: 4532.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305363-4msd8mqo.txt summary: In this paper, a utility-based multicriteria model is proposed to support the physicians to deal with an important medical decision—the screening decision problem—given the squeeze put on resources due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that uncertainty is an inevitable factor that is inherently present in medical diagnostics and treatment decisions [6] , a decision analysis (DA) model based on the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) is developed in order to aid physicians when they make such decisions. In this context, this paper is aimed at presenting a multicriteria model for screening patients with suspected COVID-19, based on a DA approach within the multiattribute utility theory. To apply the proposed model for aiding the screening of patients with suspected COVID-19, the physician should first input information about the patient''s chances of survival in three scenarios: isolation at home, a hospital stay, or in an intensive care unit (ICU). abstract: In this paper, a utility-based multicriteria model is proposed to support the physicians to deal with an important medical decision—the screening decision problem—given the squeeze put on resources due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the COVID-19 emerged, the number of patients with an acute respiratory failure has increased in the health units. This chaotic situation has led to a deficiency in health resources. Thus, this study, using the concepts of the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT), puts forward a mathematical model to aid physicians in the screening decision problem. The model is used to generate which of the three alternatives is the best one for where patients with suspected COVID-19 should be treated, namely, an intensive care unit (ICU), a hospital ward, or at home in isolation. Also, a decision information system, called SIDTriagem, is constructed and illustrated to operate the mathematical model proposed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32908584/ doi: 10.1155/2020/9391251 id: cord-327821-c6ncyge7 author: Rosemary HM Lim, Dr title: The experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers with medication management during the COVID-19 pandemic. date: 2020-10-17 words: 2965.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327821-c6ncyge7.txt summary: METHODS: An interpretivist/constructivist research paradigm was used; semi-structured one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with any member of the community pharmacy team who had been involved in providing medication services to people with dementia in England before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided a unique and important first insights to our understanding of how the community pharmacy team in England supported people with dementia and their family carers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical research on the experiences of the community pharmacy team in providing medication services to people with dementia and their carers in England during the COVID-19 pandemic is scarce. The study provided a unique and important first insights to our understanding of how the community pharmacy team in England respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, specific to the provision of medication services to people with dementia and their informal carers. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of people across the globe in significant and long-lasting ways. People with dementia were significantly and disproportionally affected at the height of the pandemic in England. Community pharmacies in England continued to operate during the pandemic but had to adjust the way they provided key healthcare services. The impact of these changes on the provision of medication services to people with dementia is underexplored. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of the community pharmacy team in supporting people with dementia and family carers manage medications during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An interpretivist/constructivist research paradigm was used; semi-structured one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with any member of the community pharmacy team who had been involved in providing medication services to people with dementia in England before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment took place between July and August 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen participants were interviewed with equal numbers of qualified pharmacists and non-pharmacist staff. Participants were in their role for an average of 4.5 years. The analysis of interviews generated three themes: 1) key interactions curtailed due to COVID-19 restrictions, 2) utilising resources within and outside of the pharmacy to provide tailored services for people with dementia, and 3) the interplay between professional duty and personal values underpinned decisions to provide medication services. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided a unique and important first insights to our understanding of how the community pharmacy team in England supported people with dementia and their family carers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights provide opportunities for reflection by individuals, healthcare teams, healthcare organisations, policy makers and the public, in an international context, to enable long-term planning, investment and implementation of strategies beyond the current pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120311360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.005 id: cord-293634-4rryqbnu author: Rosen, Kelsey title: Delivering Telerehabilitation to COVID-19 Inpatients:A Retrospective Chart Review Suggests It Is a Viable Option date: 2020-07-16 words: 3592.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293634-4rryqbnu.txt summary: Based on the algorithm, COVID-19 inpatients were selected to receive telerehabilitation if they could ambulate independently, could use technology, had stable vital signs, required minimal supplemental oxygen, and were cognitively intact. The purpose of the inpatient telerehabilitation PT program for COVID-19 patients was to safely assess barriers to discharge, deliver patient education, and provide a home exercise program (HEP) all while minimizing staff exposure. Success of the inpatient telerehabilitation program was determined based on the ability to create an algorithm, train staff, deliver education efficiently, maintain patient and staff safety during interventions, and ensure patients discharged home safely. Despite these limitations, we believe that this retrospective review provides preliminary data on how to implement an inpatient telerehabilitation program and suggests that selected COVID-19 patients can be discharged successfully after this method of treatment. abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for physical therapy management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 recommend limiting physical therapists’ contact with patients when possible. Telehealth has been viewed as “electronic personal protective equipment” during the COVID-19 pandemic; although telerehabilitation has been shown to be effective with outpatients, it is unknown whether it is a viable option for hospitalized patients. PURPOSE: Our facility developed an algorithm for the use of a physical therapy telerehabilitation program for inpatients with COVID-19. We sought to investigate the safety and viability of the program. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who received either telerehabilitation only or a combination of telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation. Based on the algorithm, COVID-19 inpatients were selected to receive telerehabilitation if they could ambulate independently, could use technology, had stable vital signs, required minimal supplemental oxygen, and were cognitively intact. We analyzed data of inpatients who received telerehabilitation only, which included patient education, therapeutic exercises, and breathing techniques. RESULTS: Of 33 COVID-19 inpatients who received telerehabilitation, in-person rehabilitation, or a combination of the two, 12 patients received telerehabilitation only (age range, 33 to 65 years; all but one male). They demonstrated independence with their individualized home exercise programs in one to two sessions, did not require an in-person rehabilitation consultation, did not require increased oxygen, experienced no exacerbation of symptoms, and were discharged home. CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient telerehabilitation appears to be a viable option for selected hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and may be a safe way of delivering inpatient rehabilitation to isolated or at-risk populations. At our hospital, the use of inpatient telerehabilitation reduced staff exposure while providing important education and services to patients. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the use of telerehabilitation for hospitalized patients, including those with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that this innovative approach warrants further study. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11420-020-09774-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-020-09774-4 doi: 10.1007/s11420-020-09774-4 id: cord-351189-56am76lb author: Rosen, Melissa H title: Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature date: 2020-05-12 words: 2373.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351189-56am76lb.txt summary: As the patient was improving on steroids and given the rapidly increasing rate of COVID-19 infected patients at our institution, the decision was made to discharge the patient home on an oral prednisone taper on hospital day 5 with plans to start infliximab as an outpatient. Although intravenous steroids are the mainstay of treatment for acute severe UC in the hospitalized patient, the use of steroids in the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a risk of cleft lip or cleft palate. The necessity for guidance was addressed by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) in their publication, "Management of Patients with Crohn''s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of an International Meeting." 9 The recommendation is to continue biologic therapy in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: First detected in Wuhan, China, the novel 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus responsible for an unprecedented, worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19. Optimal management of immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with COVID-19 infection currently is based on expert opinion, given the novelty of the infection and the corresponding lack of high-level evidence in patients with immune-mediated conditions. There are limited data regarding IBD patients with COVID-19 and no data regarding early pregnancy in the era of COVID-19. This article describes a patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) during her first trimester of pregnancy who also has COVID-19. The case presentation is followed by a review of the literature to date on COVID-19 in regard to inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393973/ doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa109 id: cord-308263-stnv5oip author: Rosen, Raphael J. title: Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 331.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308263-stnv5oip.txt summary: key: cord-308263-stnv5oip title: Thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID 19 They report an alarmingly high number of thrombotic complications (combination venous and arterial thromboembolism) in critically ill patients with COVID 19. They note an overall incidence of 31% composite outcome, much higher than the rate of thrombotic complications in prior series of critically ill patients prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (2). Additionally, they noted an incidence of DVT that was only 1.6% (albeit without screening) while the majority of their outcomes were due to pulmonary embolism. It is quite possible that were as many CT angiograms performed on general critically ill patients that a similar proportion would be found to have pulmonary embolism, as was found by Minet et al when all thoracic CTs obtained were performed with contrast enhancement -19% in their series (3) . Deep venous thrombosis in medical-surgical critically ill patients: Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049384820301481?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.032 id: cord-274761-c2hgkbg6 author: Rosenberg, Eli S. title: Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York date: 2020-06-17 words: 3431.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274761-c2hgkbg6.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence was estimated from antibody reactivity by first post-stratification weighting then adjusting by antibody test characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: From the largest US serosurvey to date, we estimated > 2 million adult New York residents were infected through late March, with substantial disparities, although cumulative incidence remained below herd immunity thresholds. Cumulative incidence among non-institutionalized adults, by geographic and demographic features, was estimated from weighted reactivity rates that were adjusted for validated test characteristics. We estimated SARS-Cov-2 cumulative incidence from observed antibody reactivity using two sequential steps: 1) post-stratification weighting to standardize to the New York State population and 2) adjustment by estimated antibody test characteristics. Test-characteristic adjusted cumulative incidence values were multiplied by the one-and two-way non-institutionalized adult populations (e.g. excluding settings such as prisons and nursing homes) from the American Community Survey 2014-2018 Public Use Microdata Sample file [23] . abstract: PURPOSE: New York State (NYS) is an epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Reliable estimates of cumulative incidence in the population are critical to tracking the extent of transmission and informing policies. METHODS: We conducted a statewide seroprevalence study among a 15,101 patron convenience sample at 99 grocery stores in 26 counties throughout NYS. SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence was estimated from antibody reactivity by first post-stratification weighting then adjusting by antibody test characteristics. The percent diagnosed was estimated by dividing diagnoses by estimated infection-experienced adults. RESULTS: Based on 1,887 of 15,101 reactive results (12.5%), estimated cumulative incidence through March 29 was 14.0% (95% CI: 13.3-14.7%), corresponding to 2,139,300 (95% CI: 2,035,800-2,242,800) infection-experienced adults. Cumulative incidence was highest in New York City (NYC) 22.7% (95% CI: 21.5-24.0%) and higher among Hispanic/Latino (29.2%), non-Hispanic black/African American (20.2%), and non-Hispanic Asian (12.4%) than non-Hispanic white adults (8.1%, p<.0001). An estimated 8.9% (95% CI: 8.4-9.3%) of infections in NYS were diagnosed, with diagnosis highest among adults ≥55 years (11.3%, 95% CI: 10.4-12.2%). CONCLUSIONS: From the largest US serosurvey to date, we estimated > 2 million adult New York residents were infected through late March, with substantial disparities, although cumulative incidence remained below herd immunity thresholds. Monitoring, testing, and contact tracing remain essential public health strategies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1047279720302015 doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.004 id: cord-332218-4bumy47f author: Rosenthal, Jamie A. title: Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-12 words: 696.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332218-4bumy47f.txt summary: title: Asthma Is Associated with Increased Risk of Intubation but Not Hospitalization or Death in COVID-19 While studies from China suggested that 3 asthma was not a risk factor for severe COVID-19, other studies have shown higher rates of asthma 4 among hospitalized patients 1, 2 . Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the associations 5 between asthma and hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death among patients with 6 COVID-19. . We were unable to 53 evaluate the association between biologic medications for asthma and COVID-19 outcomes, as only one 54 patient with asthma was receiving a biologic (omalizumab) and did not require hospitalization. 55 56 This study assessed whether asthma was associated with COVID-19 severity with regards to outcomes 57 and laboratory biomarkers. In conclusion, there was no association between asthma and risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, or 81 death among patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1081120620310796?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.10.002 id: cord-356009-emn2w8if author: Roshandel, M. R. title: What Specimen Urologists Should Be Most Concerned About ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-10-13 words: 4687.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356009-emn2w8if.txt summary: Conclusions: Our review concludes that not only the SARS-CoV-2 can be excreted in the urine in eight ?percent of patients but also its incidence may have associations with the severity of the ?systemic disease, ICU admission, and fatality rates. The searches included medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords for SARS-CoV-2, COVID, Corona, together with shedding, persistence, urine, urinary, specimen, viral load, or RNA body fluids. We completed the data abstraction process using created forms to record study characteristics, clinical data, and laboratory data including study year and design, country of study origin, total initial population size, test type for disease diagnosis, test type for samples (urine/stool/rectal swab/blood), patients age (including mean and range), number of positive and total patients and/or (wherever applicable) number of positive and total specimens collected for each test category, disease severity, ICU admission, and fatality rate. abstract: Objective:Investigating the infectivity of body fluid can be useful for preventative measures in the community and ensuring safety in the operating rooms and on the laboratory practices. Methods:We performed a literature search of clinical trials, cohorts, and case series using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, and downloadable database of CDC. We excluded case reports and searched all language articles for review and repeated until the final drafting. The search protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Results: Thirty studies with urinary sampling for viral shedding were included. A total number of 1,271 patients were enrolled initially, among which 569 patients had undergone urinary testing. Nine studies observed urinary viral shedding in urine from 41 patients. The total incidence of urinary SARS-CoV-2 shedding was 8%, compared to 21.3% and 39.5 % for blood and stool, respectively. The summarized risk ratio (RR) estimates for urine positive rates compared to the pharyngeal rate was 0.08. The pertaining RR urine compared to blood and stool positive rates were 0.20 and 0.33 respectively. Conclusions: Our review concludes that not only the SARS-CoV-2 can be excreted in the urine in eight ?percent of patients but also its incidence may have associations with the severity of the ?systemic disease, ICU admission, and fatality rates. Moreover, the findings in our review ?suggest that a larger population size may reveal more positive urinary cases possibly by ?minimizing biases. However, it is important to notice that it is the naso-pharyngeal specimens, ?stool, and serum that show more possibilities to became positive, respectively. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209544 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209544 id: cord-286403-gdkwabcj author: Rosovsky, Rachel P. title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium date: 2020-08-27 words: 2364.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286403-gdkwabcj.txt summary: title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Paper from the National PERT Consortium However, the unique aspects of this virus confound both the diagnosis and treatment of PE, and thus require modification of established algorithms.1-6 Important considerations include adjustment of diagnostic modalities, incorporation of the pro-thrombotic contribution of COVID-19, management of two critical cardio-respiratory illnesses in the same patient, and protecting patients and health care workers while providing optimal care. The National Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) Consortium, the largest organization in the world specifically dedicated to improving outcomes in PE and advancing the science around this disease, recently published consensus recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for patients with acute PE. Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow Up of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Consensus Practice from the PERT Consortium Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report abstract: The co-existence of COVID-19 and PE, two life threatening illnesses, in the same patient presents a unique challenge. Recent guidelines have delineated how best to diagnose and manage patients with PE. However, the unique aspects of this virus confound both the diagnosis and treatment of PE, and thus require modification of established algorithms.1-6 Important considerations include adjustment of diagnostic modalities, incorporation of the pro-thrombotic contribution of COVID-19, management of two critical cardio-respiratory illnesses in the same patient, and protecting patients and health care workers while providing optimal care. The benefits of a team-based approach for decision-making and coordination of care, such as that offered by pulmonary embolism response teams (PERT), has become more evident in this crisis. The importance of careful followup care also is underscored for patients with these two diseases with long-term effects. This position paper from the PERT Consortium specifically addresses issues related to the diagnosis and management of PE in the COVID-19 patient. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012369220342872?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2064 id: cord-262198-3slh8aha author: Rossell, S. title: An overview of current mental health in the general population of Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the COLLATE project date: 2020-07-18 words: 5105.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262198-3slh8aha.txt summary: Participants ranked their top ten current primary concerns about COVID-19, and completed standardized measures to ascertain levels of negative emotions (specifically, depression, anxiety and stress). Modelling of predictors of negative emotions established several risk factors related to demographic variables, personal vulnerabilities, financial stresses, and social distancing experiences; particularly being young, being female, or having a mental illness diagnosis. . https://doi.org/10.1101 /2020 (described below) focuses on identifying the current concerns, emotional experiences and risk factors for adverse COVID-19-related mental health outcomes in people currently living in Australia. Levels of negative emotion (depression, anxiety, and stress) were examined and compared with existing Australian population norms; and were modelled as an outcome to identify possible risks factors related to demographic variables, personal vulnerabilities, financial stresses, and social distancing experiences. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses significant mental health challenges globally; however, to date, there is limited community level data. This study reports on the first wave of data from the COLLATE project (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy), an ongoing study aimed at understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of Australians. This paper addresses prevailing primary concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic, current levels of negative emotions and risk factors predicting these negative emotions. On April 1st to 4th 2020, 5158 adult members of the Australian general public completed an online survey. Participants ranked their top ten current primary concerns about COVID-19, and completed standardized measures to ascertain levels of negative emotions (specifically, depression, anxiety and stress). Socio-demographic information was also collected and used in the assessment of risk factors. The top three primary concerns were all related to the health and well-being of family and loved ones. As expected, levels of negative emotion were exceptionally high. Modelling of predictors of negative emotions established several risk factors related to demographic variables, personal vulnerabilities, financial stresses, and social distancing experiences; particularly being young, being female, or having a mental illness diagnosis. The data provides important characterization of the current mental health of Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Critically, it appears that specific groups in the Australian community may need special attention to ensure their mental health is protected during these difficult times. The data further suggests the need for immediate action to combat high levels of psychological distress, along with the exacerbation of mental health conditions, in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. These results may provide some direction for international researchers hoping to characterize similar issues in other countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155887 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155887 id: cord-325315-m3do6t1j author: Rossi, Carlo Maria title: A case report of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine: are these two partners in crime? date: 2020-10-06 words: 2540.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325315-m3do6t1j.txt summary: Given the activation of the immune system syndrome induced by the virus and the widespread off-label use of this drug, we suggest a careful monitoring of skin and mucous membranes in all COVID-19 positive patients treated with hydroxychloroquine in order to early detect early signs of toxicities. Another salient aspect of the case is the favorable evolution of the patient given that this type of SCAR is typically associated with a bad prognosis [35] [36] [37] , even more so because the patient displayed all the negative typical prognostic factors also for COVID-19 [38] [39] [40] [41] , indeed the calculation of the severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis (SCORTEN) in our patient led to an estimated mortality rate of 58.3% (CI 36,6 -77,59) ( Table 2 ) [42, 43] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is the most Serious Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (SCAR) often with a fatal outcome. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus—2 (SARS-COV2) and is an emergent pandemic for which no cure exist at the moment. Several drugs have been tried often with scant clinical evidence and safety. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the case of 78-years-old woman with cardiometabolic syndrome and COVID-19. A multidrug regimen including others hydroxychloroquine, antibiotics, dexamethasone and paracetamol, low-molecular-weight-heparin and potassium canrenoate was started. After almost 3 weeks, the patient started to display a violaceous rash initially involving the flexural folds atypical targetoid lesions and showing a very fast extension, blister formation and skin detachments of approximately 70% of the total body surface area and mucous membranes involvement consistent with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The ALDEN algorithm was calculated inserting all drugs given to the patient in the 28 days preceding the onset of the skin manifestations. The highest score retrieved was for hydroxychloroquine. Other less suspicious drugs were piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone and levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case of TEN in a patient suffering from COVID-19 probably associated with hydroxychloroquine. Given the activation of the immune system syndrome induced by the virus and the widespread off-label use of this drug, we suggest a careful monitoring of skin and mucous membranes in all COVID-19 positive patients treated with hydroxychloroquine in order to early detect early signs of toxicities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033459/ doi: 10.1186/s12948-020-00133-6 id: cord-289524-jw4i2ccd author: Rossi, Esther Diana title: International perspectives: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology date: 2020-04-07 words: 514.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289524-jw4i2ccd.txt summary: title: International perspectives: Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology Cytology laboratories also are being impacted by this pandemic in several ways. 2 Specimens, especially respiratory samples, may be submitted for cytologic evaluation. Now is the time to leverage digital imaging technology in order for cytopathologists to perform telecytology remotely, even from home if required. To allow for social distancing, cytotechnologists who are screening cases should be allowed to spread out as much possible. Can cytotechnologists screen cases at home? The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory COVID-19): information for laboratories Emerging infections and the cytology laboratory Going remote: maintaining normalcy in our pathology laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic International Perspectives in Cytology represents the opinions and views of the author and does not reflect any policy or opinion of the abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32259387/ doi: 10.1002/cncy.22275 id: cord-307745-8dq3vyw9 author: Rossi, Rosario title: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA date: 2020-06-06 words: 946.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307745-8dq3vyw9.txt summary: title: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AFFECTED BY INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA IN COVID-19 ERA • Elderly COVID-19 patients with chronic heart disease have a worse prognosis; • Cardio-active treatment has a protective role in COVID-19 pneumonia; • Anticoagulant chronic assumption in elderly with heart disease reduce mortality. Elderly patients affected by chronic heart disease showed a high mortality risk in the setting of COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia [3] . This study aimed to assess if pharmacological cardio-active treatment reduce mortality risk in the setting of COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia. Following our assumption, we should not interrupt cardio-active drugs in elderly patients affected by cardiovascular disease and COVID-19. Further studies on a larger population of patients, possibly randomized, are needed to confirm the protective role of DOAC in reducing the mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiac diseases. abstract: • Elderly COVID-19 patients with chronic heart disease have a worse prognosis; • Cardio-active treatment has a protective role in COVID-19 pneumonia; • Anticoagulant chronic assumption in elderly with heart disease reduce mortality. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953620520302442?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.06.006 id: cord-325476-38lg4a1u author: Rossman, Hagai title: A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys date: 2020-04-09 words: 2637.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325476-38lg4a1u.txt summary: Here we propose that daily population-wide surveys that assess the development of symptoms caused by the virus could serve as a strategic and valuable tool for identifying such clusters and informing epidemiologists, public-health officials and policymakers. We expect such data will allow the following: faster detection of spreading zones and patients; acquisition of a current snapshot of the number of people in each area who have developed symptoms; prediction of future spreading zones several days before an outbreak occurs; and evaluation of the effectiveness of the various social-distancing measures taken and their contribution to reducing the number of symptomatic people. Since then, Israel has gradually imposed several additional measures (Extended Data Fig. 1 ): on 9 March, the 14-day home isolation was extended to people arriving from anywhere of international origin, and those who were in close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19 were instructed similarly. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0857-9 doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0857-9 id: cord-273869-buavj9mm author: Rosés-Gibert, Pau title: Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain date: 2020-09-08 words: 1892.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273869-buavj9mm.txt summary: title: Acral lesions in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series of 36 patients from a single hospital in Spain METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was performed collecting data on 36 patients under 14 years old, presenting suspicious acral skin manifestations for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management of patients presenting chilblain-like lesions and acral purpuric macules is not well established. Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: a case report with histopathological findings Chilblain and acral purpuric lesions in Spain during covid confinement: retrospective analysis of 12 cases Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients Chilblains-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection Assessment of acute acral lesions in a case series of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the cutaneous acral findings in a pediatric population noticed during this pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was performed collecting data on 36 patients under 14 years old, presenting suspicious acral skin manifestations for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS: Patients were mostly male (63.8%). The mean age was 11.11 years. 66.67% of patients showed erythematous papules, and 44.44% purpuric macules. Feet were affected in 97.22% of patients and hands in 5.55%. Lesions were asymptomatic in 50% of patients. 30.55% of patients showed extracutaneous findings, preceding skin lesions in 12.62 days. Seven patients underwent specific severe acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing; all of these patients tested negative. CONCLUSIONS: The association between these symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. We recommend using these manifestations as a sign of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. This could lead to the examination of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic children so that contagions may be avoided. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32901377/ doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00390-0 id: cord-266799-t7lqlv41 author: Rotejanaprasert, Chawarat title: Preliminary estimation of temporal and spatiotemporal dynamic measures of COVID-19 transmission in Thailand date: 2020-09-24 words: 5033.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266799-t7lqlv41.txt summary: This study thus aims to estimate and compare disease dynamic measures in several dimensions that can be augmented with epidemiological summary statistics to monitor the COVID-19 situation for each location and time at different stages of the epidemic. The data in this study were from confirmed COVID-19 cases in 77 provinces of Thailand from January 12 th 2020 through June 30 th 2020 provided in the daily reports of the Department of Disease Control, Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH). During the early stage of an epidemic curve caused by emerging diseases, the exponential growth (EG) rate, denoted by r, can be related to the initial reproduction rate and can be described as the change in number of new cases per time unit [15] . We wanted to provide information that could be used to help design effective control strategies for the current COVID-19 situation in Thailand after the disease has spread to different provinces across the country much of which was from cluster outbreaks originating from several super spreader events. abstract: BACKGROUND: As a new emerging infectious disease pandemic, there is an urgent need to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 in each country to inform planning of emergency measures to contain its spread. It is essential that appropriate disease control activities are planned and implemented in a timely manner. Thailand was one of the first countries outside China to be affected with subsequent importation and domestic spread in most provinces in the country. METHOD: A key ingredient to guide planning and implementation of public health measures is a metric of transmissibility which represents the infectiousness of a disease. Ongoing policies can utilize this information to plan appropriately with updated estimates of disease transmissibility. Therefore we present descriptive analyses and preliminary statistical estimation of reproduction numbers over time and space to facilitate disease control activities in Thailand. RESULTS: The estimated basic reproduction number for COVID-19 during the study ranged from 2.23–5.90, with a mean of 3.75. We also tracked disease dynamics over time using temporal and spatiotemporal reproduction numbers. The results suggest that the outbreak was under control since the middle of April. After the boxing stadium and entertainment venues, the numbers of new cases had increased and spread across the country. DISCUSSION: Although various scenarios about assumptions were explored in this study, the real situation was difficult to determine given the limited data. More thorough mathematical modelling would be helpful to improve the estimation of transmissibility metrics for emergency preparedness as more epidemiological and clinical information about this new infection becomes available. However, the results can be used to guide interventions directly and to help parameterize models to predict the impact of these interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239645 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239645 id: cord-294571-qd0qjo3y author: Rothan, Hussin A. title: Molecular Aspects of COVID-19 Differential Pathogenesis date: 2020-07-06 words: 3246.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294571-qd0qjo3y.txt summary: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) represents the primary SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, and its physiological role is crucial in the progress of COVID-19 illness. Previous studies on SARS-CoV-1 reported that the binding of viral spike (S) protein to ACE2 downregulates the expression of ACE2, resulting in a diminished protective role of ACE2 and, subsequently, acute respiratory failure [52] . The levels of ACE2 expression, which could be sex-and age-dependent, have a protective role against lung and kidney injuries that could impact the severity of COVID-19 illness in male vs. The susceptibility of cardio-metabolic patients to develop severe COVID-19 illness and the high mortality rate could be linked to the ACE2 function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardio-metabolic treatments that may interfere with ACE2-virus interaction. Previous studies on SARS-COV-1 reported that the binding of viral S protein to ACE2 downregulates the expression of ACE2, resulting in a diminished protective role of ACE2 and, subsequently, acute respiratory failure [52] . abstract: In the absence of therapeutic interventions, and a possible vaccine candidate, the spread of COVID-19 disease and associated fatalities are on the rise. The high mutation frequency in the genomic material of these viruses supports their ability to adapt to new environments, resulting in an efficient alteration in tissue tropism and host range. Therefore, the coronavirus’ health threats could be relevant for the long-term. The epidemiological data indicate that age, sex, and cardio-metabolic disease have a significant impact on the spread and severity of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight recent updates on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 among men and women, including children. We also discuss the role of the cellular receptors and coreceptors used by the virus to enter host cells on differential infection among men, women, and cardio-metabolic patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32640525/ doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070538 id: cord-288493-i15rb8d2 author: Rother, N. title: Hydroxychloroquine inhibits trained immunity - implications for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 7272.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288493-i15rb8d2.txt summary: Similar to what we observed at the time of admission, we found enhanced transcription of interferon-stimulated genes five days after admission to be associated with poor outcome (Fig. 3i,j) Taken together, these immune profiling data show that the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by marked alterations in the innate immune system, a result that corroborates previous reports 14 . To investigate the effect of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on trained immunity, we adapted a previously described in vitro protocol in which human PBMCs are stimulated with RPMI (control) or HKCA for 24 hours 21 . This effect was abrogated when cells were treated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for 24 hours during HKCA stimulation, indicating that these compounds prevent the induction of trained immunity (Fig. 4b, Extended Data Fig. 4b) . Since interferons play a central role in viral immune responses, and our monocyte transcriptome data from COVID-19 patients revealed enhanced interferon-stimulated gene expression, we investigated how inflammatory monocytes respond to restimulation with IFN. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe disease for which currently no specific therapy is available. The use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection is controversial and its mode of action poorly understood. We demonstrate that hydroxychloroquine inhibits trained immunity at the functional and epigenetic level and is accompanied by profound changes in the cellular lipidome as well as reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Trained immunity comprises a functional adaptation induced by epigenetic reprogramming which facilitates the anti-viral innate immune response. Our findings therefore suggest that hydroxychloroquine may not have a beneficial effect on the anti-viral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.08.20122143v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20122143 id: cord-297777-lnr4w3ek author: Rothman, S title: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities date: 2020-06-17 words: 2906.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297777-lnr4w3ek.txt summary: Disease spread has been tracked by the CDC and geographic differences can be viewed through the lens of epidemiologic and population-level factors which include: the timing of COVID-19 introductions, population density, age distribution and prevalence of underlying medical conditions among COVID-19 patients, the timing and extent of community mitigation measures, diagnostic testing capacity and finally, public health reporting practices. 3 In New York City, specifically in the Bronx where it is estimated that 29% of individuals live below poverty level 4 and the population is composed mainly of Hispanics and African Americans who may have a number of psychosocial issues including: poverty, homelessness, issues with access to health care, education and immigration concerns. Many of these workers are young and healthy, however diabetes affects 22% of the Latino population and this medical comorbidity is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease course. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591836/ doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa203 id: cord-273522-ygd19p05 author: Rothrock, Robert J. title: By the Numbers Analysis of COVID-19’s Effect on a Neurosurgical Residency at the Epicenter date: 2020-07-17 words: 750.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273522-ygd19p05.txt summary: Objective To present areal-world analysis of neurosurgical volumes, resident deployment, and unique challenges encountered during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak peak in New York City. Methods Daily census and case volume data were prospectively collected throughout the Spring 2020SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Conclusion These data provide real-world guidance on neurosurgical infrastructure needs during a COVID-19 outbreak. Daily census and case volume data were prospectively collected throughout the Spring 12 2020SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These data provide real-world guidance on neurosurgical infrastructure needs during a COVID-27 19 outbreak. 55 We report numerical real-world analysis of our neurosurgical resident experience during 56 the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in New York City. Understanding volume and case mix 57 of operative and neurointerventional procedures, daily patient census, ICU coverage needs, and 58 rate of resident safety concerns and sick days during this period will aid in understanding 59 resource allocation during future outbreaks. abstract: Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created challenges to neurosurgical patient care. Despite editorials evaluating neurosurgery COVID-19 responses, data reporting COVID-19’s effects on case volume, census, and resident illness are lacking. Objective To present areal-world analysis of neurosurgical volumes, resident deployment, and unique challenges encountered during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak peak in New York City. Methods Daily census and case volume data were prospectively collected throughout the Spring 2020SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Neurosurgical census was compared against COVID-19 system-wide data. Neurosurgical cases during the crisis were analyzed and compared to seven-week periods from 2019 and 2020. Resident deployment and illness were reviewed. Results From March 16-May 5, 2020, residents participated in 72 operations and 69 endovascular procedures. This compares to 448 operations and 253 endovascular procedures in January-February 2020 and 530 operations and 340 endovascular procedures over March-May 2019. There was a 59% reduction in neurosurgical census during the outbreak (median 24 patients, 2.75 average total cases daily). COVID-19 neurosurgical admissions peaked in concert with the system-wide pandemic. Three residents demonstrated COVID-19 symptomatology (no hospitalizations occurred) for a total 24 workdays lost (median 7 days). Conclusion These data provide real-world guidance on neurosurgical infrastructure needs during a COVID-19 outbreak. While re-deployment to support the COVID-19 response was required, there remained a significant need to continue to provide critical neurosurgical service. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.063 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.063 id: cord-292698-w7wrwj95 author: Rothstein, Rachel title: School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: The Approach to Maintaining Student Health and Wellness During COVID-19 School Closures date: 2020-06-25 words: 3056.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292698-w7wrwj95.txt summary: The extended durations of these closures present unique challenges, as many families rely on the school as a source of physical activity, mental health services, psychosocial support, child care, and food security. NASN also provides, "Guidance for School Nurses to Safely Send and Receive Resources Between School and Home During COVID-19," to ensure safe transfer of both student and school property, including backpacks, student medication, school supplies, electronic devices, and ongoing food services to socially and medically disadvantaged families (NASN, 2020). On the national level, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act includes a provision that expands protection for employees that during a public health emergency are unable to work due to a need for leave to care for their child because the school or day care has been closed or the child care provider is unavailable (Moss et al., 2020) . To provide families in your community with outdoor physical activities that follow social distancing guidelines, visit the Healthy Children website in Table 1 . abstract: In response to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most states in the United States enacted statewide school closures, ranging in duration from 1 month to the remainder of the academic year. The extended durations of these closures present unique challenges, as many families rely on the school as a source of physical activity, mental health services, psychosocial support, child care, and food security. While the school doors may be closed, the school nurse can still play a vital role in emergency management. This article discusses challenges and proposes solutions to maintaining student health and wellness during extended school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is inevitable that until a vaccine for coronavirus is developed and readily available, many schools will continue to see future closures, though likely for shorter periods of time, as they respond to local outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32546120/ doi: 10.1177/1942602x20935612 id: cord-296806-pep4vlj1 author: Rotulo, Gioacchino Andrea title: Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 words: 231.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296806-pep4vlj1.txt summary: key: cord-296806-pep4vlj1 title: Giant Urticaria and Acral Peeling in a Child with COVID-19 cord_uid: pep4vlj1 Several clinical cases of suspected COVID-19 with skin involvement have been described in pediatric age, but most of them were unconfirmed cases (Appendix). The presence of acral peeling, not yet clearly described as a sign of COVID19, in association with giant urticaria, should be emphasized in our confirmed pediatric case. Moreover, the skin manifestation was the first presenting sign of COVID-19, before the onset of fever. This must be taken into consideration to recognize a pediatric COVID-19 case early. COVID toes"): Histologic, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases Timing of PCR and Antibody Testing in Patients with COVID-19 associated dermatologic manifestations COVID-19 and cutaneous manifestations: a systematic review All that glisters is not COVID: low prevalence of seroconversion against SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric cohort of patients with Chilblain-like lesions abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33098844/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.039 id: cord-282982-dc5m81bx author: Rouillard, Smita title: COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies date: 2020-05-18 words: 2861.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282982-dc5m81bx.txt summary: 1 Given varying degrees of mitigation and suppression may persist for 1-2 years, there is a critical need for pragmatic approaches for reopening procedural and surgical units, addressing backlogs, and establishing standards of care which balance patient risk and benefit, while maintaining the procedural volumes needed for patient care during this time of ongoing disease control measures. At Kaiser Permanente in Northern California (KPNC), a Kaiser Permanente region serving 4.5 million members, early surges of COVID-19 inpatients in two medical centers led to regional mitigation/suppression measures and the rapid cancellation of elective procedures/surgeries throughout our 21 hospital system in March 2020, aligned with recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gastrointestinal specialty societies, and the American College of Surgery. We will initially focus on prioritizing procedures among patients with high medical urgency/likely benefit (based on internal expert opinion, gastrointestinal society guidelines, and the ACS "Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care" 20 ) and low COVID-19 and procedural-risk. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425231/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.047 id: cord-309983-lpawbk7s author: Rousan, Liqa A. title: Chest x-ray findings and temporal lung changes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-15 words: 4090.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309983-lpawbk7s.txt summary: Information on chest x-ray findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is still limited in the literature and the majority of the reports described the lung changes on chest CT scan. This study aimed to report the chest x-ray findings in 88 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and to describe the temporal changes of the chest radiological findings throughout the disease course. The most common chest x-ray finding in our patients was GGO in a peripheral distribution with bilateral lung involvement, there was a lower lobe predilection of the opacities, with the right lower lobe more common than the left lower lobe (70% vs. Also, in our study the presence of symptoms correlated significantly with abnormal chest x-ray findings suggesting that chest x-ray may be helpful as an aiding tool in the diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The total severity score decreased over time as the chest x-ray findings regressed at days 10-15 from onset of symptoms (n = 9) abstract: BACKGROUND: Chest CT scan and chest x-rays show characteristic radiographic findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-ray can be used in diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study aims at describing the chest x-ray findings and temporal radiographic changes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: From March 15 to April 20, 2020 patients with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 were retrospectively studied. Patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, and chest x-ray findings were reported. Radiographic findings were correlated with the course of the illness and patients’ symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients (50 (56.8%) females and 38 (43.2%) males) were admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19. Their age ranged from 3 to 80 years (35.2 ± 18.2 years). 48/88 (45%) were symptomatic, only 13/88 (45.5%) showed abnormal chest x-ray findings. A total of 190 chest x-rays were obtained for the 88 patients with a total of 59/190 (31%) abnormal chest x-rays. The most common finding on chest x-rays was peripheral ground glass opacities (GGO) affecting the lower lobes. In the course of illness, the GGO progressed into consolidations peaking around 6–11 days (GGO 70%, consolidations 30%). The consolidations regressed into GGO towards the later phase of the illness at 12–17 days (GGO 80%, consolidations 10%). There was increase in the frequency of normal chest x-rays from 9% at days 6–11 up to 33% after 18 days indicating a healing phase. The majority (12/13, 92.3%) of patients with abnormal chest x-rays were symptomatic (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Almost half of patients with COVID-19 have abnormal chest x-ray findings with peripheral GGO affecting the lower lobes being the most common finding. Chest x-ray can be used in diagnosis and follow up in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01286-5 doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01286-5 id: cord-336677-h62angfw author: Rousseau, Antoine title: Sars-Cov-2, Covid-19 Et Œil: Le Point Sur Les Données Publiées date: 2020-05-30 words: 3187.0 sentences: 298.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336677-h62angfw.txt summary: Par ailleurs, la protéine Spike de SARS-CoV-2 comprend aussi un site de clivage compatible avec l''action de la furine, une autre protéase membranaire déjà connue pour être impliquée dans la pénétration d''autres coronavirus [14, 20] , et là encore, des inhibiteurs spécifiques de la furine sont à l''étude pour connaître leur propriété antivirale sur SARS-CoVUn second récepteur cellulaire semble jouer un rôle important dans la sensibilité au virus, il s''agit du récepteur CD147, aussi nommé basigine ou encore EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer). Les propriétés antivirales de l''hydroxychloroquine ont d''ailleurs été suspectées pour un grand nombre d''autres virus que SARS-CoV-2, mais jusqu''à présent, aucun des essais thérapeutiques chez l''homme n''a montré son efficacité dans ces autres infections [25] . Les essais thérapeutiques visant à réguler cette réaction immunitaire exacerbée représentent une part importante de l''effort de recherche clinique sur les formes sévères de COVID-19, et c''est d''ailleurs dans ce domaine que l''un des premiers essais randomisés contrôlé a montré des résultats préliminaires encourageants, (mais qui restent encore à confirmer) à propos d''un inhibiteur de l''interleukine 6 (le tocilizumab) [38] . abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed our daily lives as ophthalmologists. This general review firstly provides a better understanding of the virus responsible for the pandemic: the SARS-CoV-2, and the clinical manifestations of the COVID-19 disease. The second part is detailing the pathophysiology, clinical signs and challenges of ocular involvement, which seems rare and not functionally severe, but which may be a potential source of contamination. Finally, we discuss the preventive measures that need to be implemented in our daily practice to avoid any viral dissemination. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0181551220302291 doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.05.003 id: cord-305262-23qylbmg author: Rowan, Neil J. title: Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date: 2020-09-10 words: 9978.0 sentences: 575.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305262-23qylbmg.txt summary: Important countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 transmission include mitigating potential high risk aerosol transmission in healthcare setting using medical PPE (such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) and the appropriate use of face coverings by the general public that carries a lower transmission risk. Given that disposable, plastic-based, PPE (gowns, eye protection, gloves, face masks, filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) are heat sensitive, existing healthcare technologies were considered to be either not available, unsuitable or not configured for reprocessing of PPE in healthcare for emergency use (Rowan and Laffey, 2020) . However, potential solutions for effective reprocessing of PPE that considered virus inactivation, material compatibility and device functionality (filtration efficacy, penetration, fit test and so forth) post processing included use of low temperature hydrogen peroxide vapour (VH2O2), ultraviolet germicidal light (UVGI), moist heat, and use of weak bleach for liquid decontamination (Rowan and Laffey, 2020; CDC, 2020) . abstract: Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 with the occurrence of repeat waves of infection frequently stretching hospital resources beyond capacity. Disease countermeasures rely upon preventing person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV2 so as to protect front-line healthcare workers (HCWs). COVID-19 brings enormous challenges in terms of sustaining the supply chain for single-use-plastic personal and protective equipment (PPE). Post-COVID-19, the changes in medical practice will drive high demand for PPE. Important countermeasures for preventing COVID-19 transmission include mitigating potential high risk aerosol transmission in healthcare setting using medical PPE (such as filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) and the appropriate use of face coverings by the general public that carries a lower transmission risk. PPE reuse is a potential short term solution during COVID-19 pandemic where there is increased evidence for effective deployment of reprocessing methods such as vaporized hydrogen peroxide (30 to 35% VH2OH) used alone or combined with ozone, ultraviolet light at 254 nm (2000 mJ/cm2) and moist heat (60 °C at high humidity for 60 min). Barriers to PPE reuse include potentially trust and acceptance by HCWs. Efficacy of face coverings are influenced by the appropriate wearing to cover the nose and mouth, type of material used, number of layers, duration of wearing, and potentially superior use of ties over ear loops. Insertion of a nose clip into cloth coverings may help with maintaining fit. Use of 60 °C for 60 min (such as, use of domestic washing machine and spin dryer) has been advocated for face covering decontamination. Risk of virus infiltration in improvised face coverings is potentially increased by duration of wearing due to humidity, liquid diffusion and virus retention. Future sustained use of PPE will be influenced by the availability of recyclable PPE and by innovative biomedical waste management. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720357880 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259 id: cord-289078-wauwq841 author: Roxby, Alison C title: Lessons from Sweden: where can older adults shelter from COVID-19? date: 2020-10-28 words: 1077.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289078-wauwq841.txt summary: Older adults living in care homes had the greatest increase in risk of death among all categories of household. The authors conclude that contact with working-age adults, whether in a household, a care home, or in a neighbourhood with high population density, was associated with higher mortality from COVID-19 among older adults. The findings also support a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission and mortality, which predicted that without significant social distancing in other age groups, sheltering behaviours for older adults are not expected to be protective. Despite the considerable emotional and physical support that caregivers and family can offer older adults, isolating at home with younger household members appears to still confer considerable risk for COVID-19 exposure. Residential context and COVID-19 mortality among adults aged 70 years and older in Stockholm: a population-based, observational study using individual-level data abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666756820300350 doi: 10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30035-0 id: cord-268816-nth3o6ot author: Roy, Satyaki title: Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking date: 2020-10-23 words: 5733.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268816-nth3o6ot.txt summary: The features in the order shown under "Feature name" are: GDP, inter-state distance based on lat-long coordinates, gender, ethnicity, quality of health care facility, number of homeless people, total infected and death, population density, airport passenger traffic, age group, days for infection and death to peak, number of people tested for COVID-19, days elapsed between first reported infection and the imposition of lockdown measures at a given state. Unless otherwise stated, the feature set comprises GDP, gender, ethnicity, health care, homeless, lockdown type, population density, airport activity, and age groups, whereas the output labels consist of infected and death scores on a scale of 0-6. Although proposing a machine learning algorithm that works best on COVID-19 data is not the purpose of this study, it is worth reporting that decision tree classifier (DT) slightly outperforms the other algorithms for both cases of infected and death scores. abstract: BACKGROUND: After claiming nearly five hundred thousand lives globally, the COVID-19 pandemic is showing no signs of slowing down. While the UK, USA, Brazil and parts of Asia are bracing themselves for the second wave—or the extension of the first wave—it is imperative to identify the primary social, economic, environmental, demographic, ethnic, cultural and health factors contributing towards COVID-19 infection and mortality numbers to facilitate mitigation and control measures. METHODS: We process several open-access datasets on US states to create an integrated dataset of potential factors leading to the pandemic spread. We then apply several supervised machine learning approaches to reach a consensus as well as rank the key factors. We carry out regression analysis to pinpoint the key pre-lockdown factors that affect post-lockdown infection and mortality, informing future lockdown-related policy making. FINDINGS: Population density, testing numbers and airport traffic emerge as the most discriminatory factors, followed by higher age groups (above 40 and specifically 60+). Post-lockdown infected and death rates are highly influenced by their pre-lockdown counterparts, followed by population density and airport traffic. While healthcare index seems uncorrelated with mortality rate, principal component analysis on the key features show two groups: states (1) forming early epicenters and (2) experiencing strong second wave or peaking late in rate of infection and death. Finally, a small case study on New York City shows that days-to-peak for infection of neighboring boroughs correlate better with inter-zone mobility than the inter-zone distance. INTERPRETATION: States forming the early hotspots are regions with high airport or road traffic resulting in human interaction. US states with high population density and testing tend to exhibit consistently high infected and death numbers. Mortality rate seems to be driven by individual physiology, preexisting condition, age etc., rather than gender, healthcare facility or ethnic predisposition. Finally, policymaking on the timing of lockdowns should primarily consider the pre-lockdown infected numbers along with population density and airport traffic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33095811/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241165 id: cord-354835-o0nscint author: Roy, Sayak title: Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis date: 2020-06-04 words: 2461.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354835-o0nscint.txt summary: The correlation coefficient was calculated by plotting dependant variables the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths due to COVID 19 on the Y-axis and independent variables critical-care beds per capita, the median age of the population of the country, the number of COVID-19 tests per million population, population density (persons per square km), urban population percentage, and gross domestic product (GDP) expense on health care on the X-axis. We retrieved data between January 2020 and April 8, 2020, related to population and population density, the median age of the population of a country, urban population, number of COVID-19 testing employed per million population, GDP expense of each country on health, critical care beds available per capita, from various sources as mentioned in the reference section, stated next to each of these variables in Table 1 , along with the total number of COVID-19 cases and the case fatality rate (as per WHO Situation Report, 78 [2] ). abstract: Current development around the pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a significant healthcare resource burden threatening to overwhelm the available nationwide healthcare infrastructure. It is essential to consider, especially for resource-limited nations, strategizing the coordinated response to handle this crisis effectively and preparing for the upcoming emergence of calamity caused by this yet-to-know disease entity. Relevant epidemiological data were retrieved from currently available online reports related to COVID-19 patients. The correlation coefficient was calculated by plotting dependant variables - the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths due to COVID 19 on the Y-axis and independent variables - critical-care beds per capita, the median age of the population of the country, the number of COVID-19 tests per million population, population density (persons per square km), urban population percentage, and gross domestic product (GDP) expense on health care - on the X-axis. After analyzing the data, both the fatality rate and the total number of COVID-19 cases were found to have an inverse association with the population density with the variable - the number of cases of COVID-19 - achieving a statistical significance (p-value 0.01). The negative correlation between critical care beds and the fatality rate is well-justified, as intensive care unit (ICU) beds and ventilators are the critical elements in the management of complicated cases. There was also a significant positive correlation between GDP expenses on healthcare by a country and the number of COVID-19 cases being registered (p-value 0.008), although that did not affect mortality (p-value 0.851). This analysis discusses the overview of various epidemiological determinants possibly contributing to the variation in patient outcomes across regions and helps improve our understanding to develop a plan of action and effective control measures in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8440 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8440 id: cord-274043-ifr0oo7u author: Rozzini, Renzo title: The COVID Grim Reaper date: 2020-05-08 words: 160.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274043-ifr0oo7u.txt summary: key: cord-274043-ifr0oo7u authors: Rozzini, Renzo title: The COVID Grim Reaper date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc cord_uid: ifr0oo7u This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The COVID Grim Reaper Author: Head, Geriatric Dept Reference 23 COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and Decision Making in a Pandemic The geriatrician: the frontline specialist in the treatment of 26 covid-19 patients -Gemelli against COVID-19 Geriatrics Team abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.001 id: cord-270290-i4p4p0o4 author: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan title: Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-29 words: 1716.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt summary: The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000 mg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800 mg first day then 400 mg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (≤2.3 mg/kg/day, CQ; ≤5.0 mg/kg/day, HCQ) for development of retinal toxicity. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] As the therapeutic doses of CQ and HCQ recommended in the trials and guidelines are relatively high compared with the maximum daily safe dose that is related to CQ and HCQ retinal toxicity, this issue of retinal toxicity should be taken into consideration when employing these 2 medications for treatment of COVID-19 worldwide. According to the recommendation by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the most significant major risk factors for CQ and HCQ retinal toxicity are high dose and long duration of use. abstract: The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000 mg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800 mg first day then 400 mg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (≤2.3 mg/kg/day, CQ; ≤5.0 mg/kg/day, HCQ) for development of retinal toxicity. Irreversible retinal damage can occur if the exposure to the safe doses is >5 years. It is not known whether exposure to high doses over a short period of time can also cause the damage. We recommend that before prescribing CQ or HCQ, history of ocular disease should be obtained to avoid the prescription if appropriate. If either agent is to be used, routine baseline ocular examination is not absolutely necessary. Patients who do not have ocular disease should also be informed about the potential risk of retinal toxicity. Both agents, however, have not yet been proven to be beneficial to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/apo.0000000000000289 doi: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000289 id: cord-347926-63w578b2 author: Ruan, Pei-sen title: COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Study date: 2020-09-03 words: 1204.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347926-63w578b2.txt summary: We recorded patients'' epidemiological, clinical features, and follow-up data after discharging in order to improve the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Since December 2019, multiple patients of pneumonia infected with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) had been detected in Wuhan city, China [1] . So, analysis of the clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, and follow-up results after discharge of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in this area was aimed at improving the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Diagnosis and discharge standards were performed according to the content of the "Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 7) (In Chinese) [3] ." We observed and recorded the patient''s epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiography, treatment methods, and transfer return. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study abstract: Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally. But the clinical symptoms and detailed follow-up of children with COVID-19 infection are lacking. Here, we conducted a retrospective study including children with confirmed COVID-19. We recorded patients’ epidemiological, clinical features, and follow-up data after discharging in order to improve the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32895639/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00502-x id: cord-356033-zzernh1d author: Ruan, Wenly title: Changes in Pediatric Endoscopic Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an International Survey date: 2020-05-30 words: 1305.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356033-zzernh1d.txt summary: 4 This is the first study to explore the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric endoscopic practice worldwide and to compare differences across regions and between areas with differing COVID-19 case burdens. The pre-tested survey anonymously recorded information regarding institutional demographics, current pediatric endoscopic practice patterns, and changes in endoscopic practice, including COVID-19 screening processes and PPE utilization. Fewer North American institutions admitted patients for emergent/urgent cases compared to Europe (p=0.00001) or other countries (p=0.0171). Compared to North America, countries in other continents were less likely to classify procedural urgency using guidelines (p=0.0065), and to postpone emergent/urgent cases (p=0.0129) and advanced endoscopic procedures (p=0.0059). Our study demonstrates significant pediatric endoscopic practice variation across institutions worldwide and highlights relevant differences in practice across geographic regions and differential COVID-19 case burdens. This study provides real-world data highlighting the drastic impact COVID-19 has had on pediatric endoscopic practice worldwide. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485178/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.068 id: cord-275595-q1hyxevb author: Ruan, Xiaofeng title: Mechanism of Dayuanyin in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking date: 2020-06-12 words: 4835.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275595-q1hyxevb.txt summary: This study demonstrated that the use of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 involved a variety of biological processes, and DYY acted on key targets such as IL6, ILIB, and CCL2 through signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. The top 20 pathways involved in DYY treatment of COVID-19 and the genes enriched in these pathways were imported into Cytoscape software to build a KEGG relationship network diagram (see Fig. 6 ). Through functional enrichment analysis of target genes for DYY treatment of COVID-19, GO biological process and KEGG pathway enrichment maps were obtained (see Fig. 5 ). the before treatment groups(A1, B1, C1) By combining the core target gene bar chart (Fig. 3b ) and the KEGG relationship network diagram (Fig. 6) , we can see that IL6 is one of the most critical genes for anti-inflammatory and immune regulation in COVID-19 patients treated with DYY. abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is spreading all over the world, with disastrous consequences for people of all countries. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Dayuanyin (DYY), a classic prescription for the treatment of plague, has shown significant effects in the treatment of COVID-19. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 with the hope of providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application. METHODS: First, the TCMSP database was searched to screen the active ingredients and corresponding target genes of the DYY prescription and to further identify the core compounds in the active ingredient. Simultaneously, the Genecards database was searched to identify targets related to COVID-19. Then, the STRING database was applied to analyse protein–protein interaction, and Cytoscape software was used to draw a network diagram. The R language and DAVID database were used to analyse GO biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment. Second, AutoDock Vina and other software were used for molecular docking of core targets and core compounds. Finally, before and after application of DYY, the core target gene IL6 of COVID-19 patients was detected by ELISA to validate the clinical effects. RESULTS: First, 174 compounds, 7053 target genes of DYY and 251 genes related to COVID-19 were selected, among which there were 45 target genes of DYY associated with treatment of COVID-19. This study demonstrated that the use of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 involved a variety of biological processes, and DYY acted on key targets such as IL6, ILIB, and CCL2 through signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. DYY might play a vital role in treating COVID-19 by suppressing the inflammatory storm and regulating immune function. Second, the molecular docking results showed that there was a certain affinity between the core compounds (kaempferol, quercetin, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, naringenin, formononetin) and core target genes (IL6, IL1B, CCL2). Finally, clinical studies showed that the level of IL6 was elevated in COVID-19 patients, and DYY can reduce its levels. CONCLUSIONS: DYY may treat COVID-19 through multiple targets, multiple channels, and multiple pathways and is worthy of clinical application and promotion. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00346-6 doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00346-6 id: cord-272200-wkifto2o author: Rubin, G James title: Improving adherence to ‘test, trace and isolate’ date: 2020-09-10 words: 1796.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272200-wkifto2o.txt summary: Unless people are convinced that they will be fully and quickly recompensed for any financial cost and that their use of the test, trace and isolate system is both expected and respected by their community, then, particularly where symptoms are mild, it may be tempting for some to accept their first assumption that their symptoms are probably unrelated to COVID-19. Reducing the costs associated with use of the service will be essential to improving its uptake; this could include an early release from isolation if a negative test result is obtained. Ensuring that a test, trace and isolate system links people up with community support mechanisms may help promote adherence. When the period of isolation is over, people who have tested positive will need to be warned that we still do not know if people can develop COVID-19 more than once and that they must still be careful to avoid spreading infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32910870/ doi: 10.1177/0141076820956824 id: cord-316918-mz5r7yiy author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 2803.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316918-mz5r7yiy.txt summary: In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7-day per week laboratory operation, single attending-only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow-up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. Unless urgent/emergent, we have avoided performing procedures on COVID-19 infected patients in the EP laboratory to prevent transmission not only during transport to the laboratory, but also to prevent seeding the lab itself in the case of a prolonged operation. abstract: A global coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic occurred at the start of 2020 and is already responsible for more than 74 000 deaths worldwide, just over 100 years after the influenza pandemic of 1918. At the center of the crisis is the highly infectious and deadly SARS‐CoV‐2, which has altered everything from individual daily lives to the global economy and our collective consciousness. Aside from the pulmonary manifestations of disease, there are likely to be several electrophysiologic (EP) sequelae of COVID‐19 infection and its treatment, due to consequences of myocarditis and the use of QT‐prolonging drugs. Most crucially, the surge in COVID‐19 positive patients that have already overwhelmed the New York City hospital system requires conservation of hospital resources including personal protective equipment (PPE), reassignment of personnel, and reorganization of institutions, including the EP laboratory. In this proposal, we detail the specific protocol changes that our EP department has adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including performance of only urgent/emergent procedures, after hours/7‐day per week laboratory operation, single attending‐only cases to preserve PPE, appropriate use of PPE, telemedicine and video chat follow‐up appointments, and daily conferences to collectively manage the clinical and ethical dilemmas to come. We discuss also discuss how we perform EP procedures on presumed COVID positive and COVID tested positive patients to highlight issues that others in the EP community may soon face in their own institution as the virus continues to spread nationally and internationally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281214/ doi: 10.1111/jce.14493 id: cord-338666-gg9qcpmz author: Rubin, Geoffrey A. title: Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide From a New York City Hospital Network date: 2020-04-27 words: 4860.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338666-gg9qcpmz.txt summary: The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues to implement these changes. • Understand and appreciate the broader institutional picture, including the scope of the pandemic and its impact on the network • Discuss resource use and capacity • Discuss staff allocation, challenges, and illnesses • Troubleshoot daily clinical and administrative challenges • Provide and receive feedback in the setting of altered workflows • Convey that EP practices are relatively smaller compared with other services, and deployment needs of the hospital should be balanced with the need for availability of a core number of EP staff with specialized skills necessary to perform urgent/emergent EP procedures • Coordinate staffing changes regarding ill/exposed staff members from Workforce Health & Safety and Infection Prevention & Control departments. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease with far-ranging public health implications. With regard to cardiac electrophysiology (EP) services, we discuss the “real-world” challenges and solutions that have been essential for efficient and successful (1) ramping down of standard clinical practice patterns and (2) pivoting of workflow processes to meet the demands of this pandemic. The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues to implement these changes. While process changes will vary across practices and hospital systems, we believe that these experiences from 4 different EP sections in a large New York City hospital network currently based in the global epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic will prove useful for other EP practices adapting their own practices in preparation for local surges. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/hpc.0000000000000225 doi: 10.1097/hpc.0000000000000225 id: cord-303483-wendrxee author: Rubin, Geoffrey D. title: The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society date: 2020-04-07 words: 4315.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303483-wendrxee.txt summary: Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. The severity of respiratory disease and pre-test probability of COVID-19 infection are specified for each scenario, with additional key considerations including the presence of risk factors for disease progression, evidence of disease progression, and the presence of significant critical resource constraints ( Table 1) . abstract: With more than 900,000 confirmed cases worldwide and nearly 50,000 deaths during the first three months of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented healthcare crisis. The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. For these regions, healthcare delivery has been disrupted and compromised by critical resource constraints in diagnostic testing, hospital beds, ventilators, and healthcare workers who have fallen ill to the virus exacerbated by shortages of personal protective equipment. While mild cases mimic common upper respiratory viral infections, respiratory dysfunction becomes the principal source of morbidity and mortality as the disease advances. Thoracic imaging with chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are key tools for pulmonary disease diagnosis and management, but their role in the management of COVID-19 has not been considered within the multivariable context of the severity of respiratory disease, pre-test probability, risk factors for disease progression, and critical resource constraints. To address this deficit, a multidisciplinary panel comprised principally of radiologists and pulmonologists from 10 countries with experience managing COVID-19 patients across a spectrum of healthcare environments evaluated the utility of imaging within three scenarios representing varying risk factors, community conditions, and resource constraints. Fourteen key questions, corresponding to 11 decision points within the three scenarios and three additional clinical situations, were rated by the panel based upon the anticipated value of the information that thoracic imaging would be expected to provide. The results were aggregated, resulting in five main and three additional recommendations intended to guide medical practitioners in the use of CXR and CT in the management of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201365 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201365 id: cord-256891-as6tbfrh author: Rubin, Samuel J. S. title: Clinical characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity in California date: 2020-03-30 words: 1139.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256891-as6tbfrh.txt summary: Given the rapidly progressing COVID-19 pandemic, this report on a US cohort of 54 COVID-19 patients from Stanford Hospital and data regarding risk factors for severe disease obtained at initial clinical presentation is of high importance and is immediately clinically relevant. We identified low presenting oxygen saturation as predictive of severe disease outcomes, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and admission to the ICU, and also replicated data from China suggesting a link between hypertension and disease severity. Use of ACE-I or ARB was not significantly associated with recommendation for further hospital care, admission to ICU, diagnosis of pneumonia, or progression to ARDS. When analyzed by logistic regression to control for age, the only factor independently significantly associated with recommendation for further in-hosptial care, diagnosis of pneumonia, and progression to ARDS was initial oxygen saturation measurement as a continuous variable. Clinical characteristics of US COVID-19 patients and factors from initial presentation that associate with disease severity were identified. abstract: Given the rapidly progressing COVID-19 pandemic, this report on a US cohort of 54 COVID-19 patients from Stanford Hospital and data regarding risk factors for severe disease obtained at initial clinical presentation is of high importance and is immediately clinically relevant. We identified low presenting oxygen saturation as predictive of severe disease outcomes, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and admission to the ICU, and also replicated data from China suggesting a link between hypertension and disease severity. Clinicians will benefit by tools to rapidly risk stratify patients at presentation by likelihood of progression to severe disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.27.20043661 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.27.20043661 id: cord-294190-s337jpbo author: Rubinstein, Samuel title: The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19): a collaborative effort to understand the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer date: 2020-04-29 words: 1846.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294190-s337jpbo.txt summary: The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time. Further analyses suggest that cancer patients may also be at increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19, including hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death (Dai et al. Compared to the general population, cancer patients tend to be older, are more often smokers, and have more comorbid medical conditions; all of which are reported risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection (Jordan et al. Given the above, it is imperative that real-world evidence about the effects of COVID-19 on cancer patients is collected and disseminated rapidly to inform clinical decisions. The outcomes for patients receiving various potential anti-COVID19 therapies are useful in determining which agents are most rational to investigate in future prospective clinical trials. Driven by the need to harmonize data, CCC19 has the potential to collect large scale, timely real-world data on cancer patients infected with COVID-19. abstract: Summary National and international consortia will play a key role in understanding the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer patients. The COVID-19 & Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1535610820302178?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.018 id: cord-029654-pq2y6eek author: Rubio, José Luis Callejas title: One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic() date: 2020-07-23 words: 362.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029654-pq2y6eek.txt summary: title: One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic() recently published in your journal on the coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic 1 . But what can be inferred from its reading, especially by readers who are not involved in the diagnosis, clinical monitoring and treatment of this disease, is that it is a purely an infectious disease, which basically produces a viral condition that can be complicated by a more or less severe pneumonia with respiratory distress, and whose treatment is based on the use of antiviral drugs. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection represents, in our opinion, the paradigm of a systemic disease, with an infectious trigger, in this case, the virus, and an immune response with systemic manifestations, which requires the use of an immunosuppressant treatment. One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377713/ doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.05.008 id: cord-311044-kjx0z1hc author: Rubio-Pérez, Inés title: COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon date: 2020-05-28 words: 4652.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311044-kjx0z1hc.txt summary: Abstract In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The authors have provided a narrative review of the literature available for certain key aspects of COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, which are of special interest to the readers of the journal. Decisions on whether or not to proceed with elective surgery in cancer patients currently depend on the local epidemiological situation, availability of operating rooms J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and ICU at the corresponding hospital, disease status and the risk of progression or complications (individualized), assessment of surgical risk and potential complications of the procedure. abstract: Abstract In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2173507720301101 doi: 10.1016/j.cireng.2020.05.009 id: cord-273811-ymnvwwjw author: Rubio-Rivas, M. title: Beneficial and Harmful Outcomes of Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-09-08 words: 4828.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273811-ymnvwwjw.txt summary: Two investigators (M.R-R., J.M.M-L.) independently abstracted the following details: study characteristics, including setting; intervention or exposure characteristics, including medication dose and duration; patient characteristics, including severity of disease; and outcomes, including mortality, admission to ICU, adverse events such as secondary infections, and length of hospital stay. More restrictive analysis excluding studies with <20 included patients, NOS <7 and studies with important risk of bias, showed pooled mortality in the TCZ-group to be 18.9% ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint Pending published evidence from RCTs, this systematic review and meta-analysis focused on available real-world observational studies, revealing a beneficial effect of TCZ use in preventing mortality in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. abstract: Background: Pending for randomized control trials, the use of tocilizumab (TCZ) in COVID-19 is based on observational studies and remains controversial. Purpose: To summarize evidence about the effect of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19. Data sources: PubMed (via MEDLINE), Scopus, and medRxiv repository databases from 1 January to 21 August 2020. Study Selection: Observational studies in any language reporting efficacy and safety outcomes of TCZ use in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. Data Extraction: Independent, dually performed data extraction and quality assessments. Data synthesis: Of 57 eligible studies, 27 were controlled and 30 were not. The overall included patients were 8,128: 4,021 treated with TCZ, in addition to standard of care (SOC), and 4,107 only receiving SOC. The pooled mortality was lower in the TCZ-group vs. the control group, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.73 (95%CI 0.57-0.93; p=0.010). The overall NNT to avoid one death was 20. In hospital wards, patients in the TCZ-group were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU) in a higher proportion than those in the control group; however, ICU mortality of the TCZ-group was lower than in the control group. Secondary infections occurred in a higher proportion in TCZ-treated patients. Among survivors, the length of stay was similar in both groups. Limitations: Conclusions should be considered as weak evidence since they are based on observational studies, most of them retrospective. A variety of factors influencing the indication and effect of TCZ could not be evaluated in-depth. Conclusions: TCZ to seem beneficial in preventing in-hospital mortality in severe, non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. Conversely, patients receiving TCZ appear to be at higher risk for secondary infections, especially those admitted to ICU. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.05.20188912v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.05.20188912 id: cord-287507-1xb2hipt author: Rubio-San-Simón, A. title: Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) date: 2020-05-29 words: 2283.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287507-1xb2hipt.txt summary: title: Challenges in early phase clinical trials for childhood cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the new agents group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (SEHOP) METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all five ITCC-accredited Spanish Paediatric Oncology Early Phase Clinical Trial Units, including questions about impact on staff activities, recruitment, patient care, supply of investigational products, and legal aspects. Cancer research is particularly challenging, because patients are remarkably vulnerable: their baseline condition needs close surveillance and delays in diagnosis or treatment are potentially fatal [9] ; in parallel, cancer patients are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease [10] [11] [12] We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the early phase clinical trial activity in paediatric oncology during the first month of state of alarm in Spain (14th March-12th April 2020). abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare stakeholders towards challenging decisions. We analyse the impact of the pandemic on the conduct of phase I–II trials for paediatric cancer during the first month of state of alarm in Spain. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all five ITCC-accredited Spanish Paediatric Oncology Early Phase Clinical Trial Units, including questions about impact on staff activities, recruitment, patient care, supply of investigational products, and legal aspects. RESULTS: All units suffered personnel shortages and difficulties in enrolling patients, treatment continuity, or performing trial assessments. Monitoring activity was frequently postponed (73%), and 49% of on-going trials interrupted recruitment. Only two patients could be recruited during this period (75% reduction in the expected rate). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted clinical research practice and access to innovation for children with cancer. Structural and functional changes are under way to better cope with the expected future restrictions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32472454/ doi: 10.1007/s12094-020-02399-3 id: cord-300712-gc8770l9 author: Ruch, Yvon title: Rapid Radiological Worsening and Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-07-02 words: 771.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300712-gc8770l9.txt summary: BACKGROUND: In June 2020, a large randomised controlled clinical trial in the UK found that dexamethasone was effective in reducing the number of deaths in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a patient with rapid worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia and its dramatic improvement under corticosteroids. COVID-19, coronavirus, cytokine storm syndrome, computed tomography, corticosteroids CASE DESCRIPTION In March 2020, a 48-year-old man with a history of diabetes and former smoking presented with a 5-day history of fever and abdominal pain. Our patient experienced rapid worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia after 2 weeks of evolution, with a dramatic increase in thoracic CT lesions within hours. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Low-cost dexamethasone reduces death by up to one third in hospitalised patients with severe respiratory complications of COVID-19 abstract: BACKGROUND: In June 2020, a large randomised controlled clinical trial in the UK found that dexamethasone was effective in reducing the number of deaths in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a patient with rapid worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia and its dramatic improvement under corticosteroids. DISCUSSION: Corticosteroids could be useful in patients with an inflammatory profile, considering that acute respiratory distress syndrome may be the consequence of cytokine storm syndrome. LEARNING POINTS: One of the main pathophysiological hypotheses for severe COVID-19 pneumonia is inappropriate immunological hyperactivation. Corticosteroid therapy may be useful in these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665942/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001822 id: cord-312721-e6532xrl author: Ruck, D. J. title: Cultural values predict national COVID-19 death rates date: 2020-07-17 words: 1598.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312721-e6532xrl.txt summary: Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. Applying a two-stage factor analysis to World and European Values Survey data [19, 20] we previously derived cultural value factors-including secularrationality (RAT), cosmopolitanism (COS) and institutional trust (INST)-in over one hundred countries [14, 15] . Figure 3 shows how COVID deaths correlate positively with PC 1 (Adj. r 2 = 0.390, p < 0.0001) and negatively PC2 (Adj. Having explored the principal components of variation, a multivariate regression helps disentangle the joint effects of cultural values, government efficiency and economic incentives. The cultural value of secular-rationalism (RAT) predicted fewer deaths in the first 10 days of the pandemic (Table 1) , but had lost this effect after two weeks ( Figure S3 ). abstract: National responses to a pandemic require populations to comply through personal behaviors that occur in a cultural context. Here we show that aggregated cultural values of nations, derived from World Values Survey data, have been at least as important as top-down government actions in predicting the impact of COVID-19. Whereas trust in institutions predicts lower COVID-19 deaths per capita, secular- rationalism and cosmopolitanism each predict more deaths. The effects of these cultural values register more strongly than government efficiency. This suggests that open democracies may face greater challenges in limiting a pandemic, and that all nations should consider their cultural values as actionable parameters in their future preparations. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.17.20156091v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156091 id: cord-331762-b0yufidn author: Rudski, Lawrence title: Multimodality Imaging in Evaluation of Cardiovascular complications in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 5044.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331762-b0yufidn.txt summary: Routine history, physical examination, laboratory testing, electrocardiography and plain x-ray imaging may often suffice for such patients but given overlap between COVID-19 and typical cardiovascular diagnoses such as heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, need frequently arises for advanced imaging techniques to assist in differential diagnosis and management. This document provides guidance in several common scenarios among patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection and possible cardiovascular involvement, including chest discomfort with electrocardiographic changes, acute hemodynamic instability, newly-recognized left ventricular dysfunction, as well as imaging during the sub-acute/chronic phase of COVID-19. In patients with a clinical presentation of acute MI, normal or non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which may present as STEMI or NSTEMI, with normal or abnormal LV systolic function, cardiac MRI can help confirm the diagnosis of MI or provide alternate diagnosis including myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, and embolic infarction (26) (Table 2, Table 3) . abstract: Abstract Standard evaluation and management of the patient with suspected or proven cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is challenging. Routine history, physical examination, laboratory testing, electrocardiography and plain x-ray imaging may often suffice for such patients but given overlap between COVID-19 and typical cardiovascular diagnoses such as heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, need frequently arises for advanced imaging techniques to assist in differential diagnosis and management. This document provides guidance in several common scenarios among patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection and possible cardiovascular involvement, including chest discomfort with electrocardiographic changes, acute hemodynamic instability, newly-recognized left ventricular dysfunction, as well as imaging during the sub-acute/chronic phase of COVID-19. For each, we consider the role of biomarker testing to guide imaging decision-making, provide differential diagnostic considerations, and offer general suggestions regarding application of various advanced imaging techniques. Condensed Abstract Standard evaluation and management of the patient with suspected or proven cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19 infection often requires advanced imaging techniques to assist in differential diagnosis and management. This document provides guidance in several common scenarios among patients with COVID-19 infection and for each provides advice regarding the role of biomarker testing to guide imaging decision-making, provides differential diagnostic considerations, and offers general suggestions regarding application of various advanced imaging techniques. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710927/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.080 id: cord-338086-87wfjiqm author: Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos title: Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 1383.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338086-87wfjiqm.txt summary: Occupational physicians can play key roles in monitoring workers'' health and developing effective return to work guidelines. The combined use of SARS-CoV-2 viral-RNA detection and serological antibody determination could improve the management of COVID-19 patients, but timing is important. Therefore, best practice for safe return to work after COVID-19 requires accurately identifying the final phases of the disease, where the worker is clinically recovered and no longer contagious. Therefore, to develop evidence-based return to work guidelines, articles based on coronavirus diagnosis using genomic and serological testing and articles related to infectivity and immunity were reviewed with the same dates and criteria. Return to work guideline for higher risk workers with COVID-19. For return to work of COVID-19 close contacts, we propose the algorithms summarized in Figure 3 . NY STATE Protocols for Essential Personnel to Return to Work Following COVID-19 Exposure or Infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476022/ doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa099 id: cord-343252-mtcqawxc author: Ruggieri, P. title: COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova date: 2020-07-23 words: 2890.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343252-mtcqawxc.txt summary: title: COVID-19 strategy in organizing and planning orthopedic surgery in a major orthopedic referral center in an area of Italy severely affected by the pandemic: experience of the Department of Orthopedics, University of Padova CONCLUSIONS: Extensive swab test of all people (even if asymptomatic) and proactive tracing and quarantining of potential COVID-19 positive patients may diminish the virus spread. On the contrary, in Lombardia, swab tests were performed only in severe symptomatic cases, increasing the risk that asymptomatic patients (possibly COVID-19 positive) could spread the virus in the community. We feel that, if the COVID-19 pandemic persists, in every single hospital, it could be possible to continue the orthopedic surgical activity and also to restart elective surgery [16] , using a strategy that implies testing all the healthcare staff and all the patients (possibly before the admission or surgical treatment). Extensive swab test of all people (even if asymptomatic), and a proactive tracing and quarantining of potential COVID-19 positive patients may diminish the virus spread. abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the required reorganization of all hospital activities, the recent COVID-19 pandemic had dramatic consequences on the orthopedic world. We think that informing the orthopedic community about the strategy that we adopted both in our hospital and in our Department of Orthopedics could be useful, particularly for those who are facing the pandemic later than Italy. METHODS: Changes were done in our hospital by medical direction to reallocate resources to COVID-19 patients. In the Orthopedic Department, a decrease in the number of beds and surgical activity was stabilized. Since March 13, it has been avoided to perform elective surgery, and since March 16, non-urgent outpatient consultations were abolished. This activity reduction was associated with careful evaluation of staff and patients: extensive periodical swab testing of all healthcare staff and swab testing of all surgical patients were applied. RESULTS: These restrictions determined an overall reduction of all our surgical activities of 30% compared to 2019. We also had a reduction in outpatient clinic activities and admissions to the orthopedic emergency unit. Extensive swab testing has proven successful: of more than 160 people tested in our building, only three COVID-19 positives were found, and of over more than 200 surgical procedures, only two positive patients were found. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive swab test of all people (even if asymptomatic) and proactive tracing and quarantining of potential COVID-19 positive patients may diminish the virus spread. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01740-4 doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01740-4 id: cord-347834-skj40pmi author: Ruggiero, Antonio title: Diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva date: 2020-06-07 words: 656.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347834-skj40pmi.txt summary: The conclusion was that COVID‐19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. The conclusion was that COVID-19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. All rights reserved To date, none of these theories fully explain the low incidence of COVID-19 infection in children. Upper respiratory tract nasopharyngeal swabs are widely used as nucleic acid detection samples to diagnose COVID-19 infection. Recently, it has been reported that the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test carried out in saliva samples in adults with confirmed COVID-19 infection is higher than in nasopharyngeal swabs and feces (38.13% and 9.83%, respectively). Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults abstract: We read with great interest the article by Jonas F. Ludvigsson on COVID‐19 infection in Children (1). He conducted a systematic literature review to identify papers on COVID‐19. The conclusion was that COVID‐19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15397 doi: 10.1111/apa.15397 id: cord-344361-amhc0ryh author: Ruggiero, Giuseppe title: Reply to: “Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak” date: 2020-06-01 words: 577.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344361-amhc0ryh.txt summary: title: Reply to: "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak" We read with interest "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak" [1] . in their letter described an increased number of acro-ischemic lesions in young patients from Spain [1] . In Italy, after the outbreak onset, many general pediatricians reported on our pediatric dermatology network unusual foot injuries, similar to chilblains and without any other symptoms. The Spanish authors found 132 cases in 41 days, while our patients were collected in 10 days. Almost the same number of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (1 vs 2 patients) was described in both cohorts. Pernio-like" acrolocated lesions onset and COVID-19. Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32497698/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.122 id: cord-348026-t1jkeu3d author: Ruhnke, Gregory W. title: Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay date: 2020-06-10 words: 1275.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348026-t1jkeu3d.txt summary: 7 As a result, hazard pay offered to medical students willing to risk exposure to COVID-19 now may reduce their debt burden and potentiate the creation of more primary care physicians, a dearth of whom has been a significant health policy concern. However, there are several ways in which hazard pay might be financed based on local considerations and institutional structures: (a) small compulsory contributions from physicians (perhaps exempting those required to take unpaid furloughs) at a given institution not caring for COVID-19 patients by choice or due to risk factors for bad outcomes if infected; (b) public funding, such as the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2020; and (c) private foundations offering funding for COVID-19 response efforts. Hazard pay could of course be considered for all physicians risking their health to care for infected patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524249/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05931-x id: cord-346067-zly8p0y7 author: Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo title: Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data date: 2020-09-22 words: 4513.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346067-zly8p0y7.txt summary: title: Second week methyl-prednisolone pulses improve prognosis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: An observational comparative study using routine care data Our therapeutic protocol was updated on April 3 rd 2020, including the recommendation of MP for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with altered/worsening inflammatory parameters (lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, rising ferritin, D-dimers and or C-reactive protein) and clinical deterioration, particularly those showing impending respiratory failure with decreasing SpO2/FiO2 values. Other independent predictors of death included a previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension, the use of non-pulse glucocorticoids, a high-risk CURB65 category and SpO2/FiO2 at week 2 ( Table 2 ). Glucocorticoid use, however, should not be indiscriminate, but rather restricted to patients with laboratory evidence of inflammation and progressing respiratory compromise, and best used as short-course pulse therapy (125-250 mg/d of methyl-prednisolone during 3 days) administered during the second week after the onset of symptoms, where the hyperinflammatory reaction takes usually place. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a short course of methyl-prednisolone pulses (MP) during the second week of disease (week-2) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. METHODS: Comparative observational study using data collected from routine care at Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared patients who received week-2-MP (125–250 mg/d x3) with those who did not, with the end-points time to death and time to death or endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: We included 242 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated inflammatory markers at admission. Sixty-one patients (25%) received week-2-MP. Twenty-two patients (9%) died and 31 (12.8%) suffered death or intubation. The adjusted HRs for death and death or intubation for patients in the week-2-MP group were 0.35 (95%CI 0.11 to 1.06, p = 0.064) and 0.33 (95%CI 0.13 to 0.84, p = 0.020), respectively. These differences were specifically seen in the subcohort of patients with a SpO2/FiO2 at day 7 lower than 353 (adjusted HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.12, p = 0.073 and HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.94, p = 0.038, respectively) but not in patients with higher SpO2/FiO2. Patients receiving out-of-week-2-MP, non-pulse glucocorticoids or no glucocorticoids had an increased adjusted risk for both outcomes compared with week-2-MP group: HR 5.04 (95% CI 0.91–27.86), HR 10.09 (95% CI 2.14–47.50), HR 4.14 (95% CI 0.81–21.23), respectively, for death; HR 7.38 (95% CI 1.86–29.29), HR 13.71 (95% CI 3.76–50.07), HR 3.58 (95% CI 0.89–14.32), respectively, for death or intubation. These differences were significant only in the subgroup with low SpO2/FiO2. CONCLUSIONS: Week-2-MP are effective in improving the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with features of inflammatory activity and respiratory deterioration entering the second week of disease. The recognition of this high-risk population should prompt early use of MP at this point. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239401 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239401 id: cord-353548-kf4om6iu author: Ruiz-Manriquez, J. title: Knowledge of Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-31 words: 2749.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353548-kf4om6iu.txt summary: An electronic questionnaire was applied that was designed to evaluate the knowledge of symptoms, risk groups for severe disease, prevention measures, and the reprocessing of endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. [10] [11] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of Latin American gastroenterology and endoscopy professionals in relation to the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the prevention measures recommended during patient care and the performance of endoscopic procedures, including the reprocessing of equipment utilized on patients with the disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study on gastroenterologists and endoscopists (residents and specialists) working in public hospitals from nine Latin American countries (Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Guatemala, Uruguay, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic). The present study described the current knowledge of 133 Latin American residents and specialists in gastroenterology and endoscopy about symptoms, risk groups, transmission, and endoscopic equipment reprocessing in relation to COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Introduction After the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, the number of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has increased exponentially, and gastroenterologists and other specialists most likely will be involved in the care of those patients. Aim To evaluate the knowledge Latin American gastroenterologists and endoscopists (staff physicians and residents) have about the characteristics of COVID-19, as well as the prevention measures to be taken during endoscopic procedures. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study that included gastroenterologists and endoscopists from 9 Latin American countries. An electronic questionnaire was applied that was designed to evaluate the knowledge of symptoms, risk groups for severe disease, prevention measures, and the reprocessing of endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. Results Information was obtained from 133 physicians. Ninety-five percent of them correctly identified the most frequent symptoms of the virus, and 60% identified the 3 risk groups for severe disease. Sixty-six percent of those surveyed did not consider it necessary to use standard precautions during endoscopic procedures, and 30% did not consider contact precautions necessary. Forty-eight percent of the participants surveyed were not familiar with the protocol for reprocessing the endoscopes utilized in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion The majority of the gastroenterologists and endoscopists surveyed were familiar with the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the populations at risk for complications. There was a lack of knowledge about prevention measures (during clinical care and endoscopic procedures) and the reprocessing of endoscopic equipment by 70% and 48%, respectively, of those surveyed. Dissemination and teaching strategies that increase the knowledge of specific biosafety measures must be carried out. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.04.002 id: cord-290636-x8cevt8d author: Ruiz-Quinonez, J. A. title: Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study date: 2020-09-23 words: 1535.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290636-x8cevt8d.txt summary: title: Features of patients that died for COVID-19 in a Hospital in the south of Mexico: A observational cohort study The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics, and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico. Conclusions: Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes compared with individuals from other countries. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20199117 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 This was an observational retrospective study performed at the High Specialty 86 Regional Hospital "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús" (HJGC) in Villahermosa, Tabasco, 87 Mexico. Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalized 296 Patients: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series doi: medRxiv preprint (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies 301 from 9 countries abstract: Background: Due to the wide spread of SARS-CoV2 around the world, the risk of death in individuals with metabolic comorbidities has dangerously increased. Mexico has a high number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19, as well as an important burden of metabolic diseases. However, reports about features of Mexican individuals with COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics, and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico. Methods: We performed an observational study including 185 deceased individuals with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Data were retrieved from medical records. Categorical data was expressed as proportions (%) and numerical data were expressed as mean, standard deviation. Comorbidities and overlapping symptoms where plotted as Venn diagrams. Drug clusters were plotted as dendrograms. Results: The mean age was 59.53 years. There was a male predominance (60.1%). The mean hospital stay was 4.75 days. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (88.77%), fever (71.42%) and dry cough (64.28%). Present comorbidities were diabetes (60.63%), hypertension (59.57%) and obesity (43.61%). The main drugs used were azithromycin (60.6%), hydroxychloroquine (53.0%) and oseltamivir (27.3%). Conclusions: Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes compared with individuals from other countries. Also, there was a high frequency of off-label use of drugs for their treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.21.20199117 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20199117 id: cord-322787-dbtc0bo3 author: Runkle, Jennifer D. title: Short-term effects of weather parameters on COVID-19 morbidity in select US cities date: 2020-06-09 words: 3490.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322787-dbtc0bo3.txt summary: Experimental and observational studies demonstrate the influence of meteorological parameters on the seasonal transmission of influenza, human coronavirus (HCoV), and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which are often characterized by distinct increases in incident cases and detection frequency in the winter months (Lowen and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 in the US. Research on the seasonality and influence of meteorological parameters on COVID-19, such as temperature and specific humidity, can be used to inform the timing of effective interventions to mitigate SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 transmission at the local scale to save countless lives and resources. In this study, we examined whether daily meteorological patterns in humidity, temperature, and solar radiation were associated with the transmission of COVID-19 in U.S. cities that emerged as early hot spots for infection. abstract: Abstract Little is known about the environmental conditions that drive the spatiotemporal patterns of SARS-CoV-2, and preliminary research suggests an association with weather parameters. However, the relationship with temperature and humidity is not yet apparent for COVID-19 cases in US cities first impacted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between COVID-19 cases and weather parameters in select US cities. A case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the contribution of ambient temperature and specific humidity on COVID-19 cases in select US cities. The case-crossover examines each COVID case as its own control at different time periods (before and after transmission occurred). We modeled the effect of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission using a lag period of 7 days. A subset of 8 cities were evaluated for the relationship with weather parameters and 5 cities were evaluated in detail. Short-term exposure to humidity was positively associated with COVID-19 transmission in 4 cities. The associations were small with ¾ cities exhibiting higher COVID19 transmission with specific humidity that ranged from 6 to 9 g/kg. Our results suggest that weather should be considered in infectious disease modeling efforts and future work is needed over a longer time period and across different locations to clearly establish the weather-COVID19 relationship. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720336135 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140093 id: cord-252833-0lb60y12 author: Rusch, Valerie W. title: The American College of Surgeons Responds to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 2420.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252833-0lb60y12.txt summary: infections escalated exponentially across many areas of the US, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Surgeon General and the American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommended that hospitals and surgeons postpone non-urgent operations in order to provide care to COVID-19 patients. One of the first and most important ACS initiatives was the creation of guidelines for the selection of patients needing urgent operations (including some cancer procedures) during the immediate, temporary suspension of non-urgent surgery. Modeled on experience in South Texas and Washington state, the COT developed a guidance document for setting up a regional medical operations center and worked closely with the FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Healthcare Resilience Task Force to promote this approach and identify potential sources for funding. 23 Conclusions Through an intensive and cohesive group effort by ACS staff, leadership and Fellows, the College has successfully managed the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and supported its members in continuing to provide high quality patient care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32673759/ doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.06.020 id: cord-350492-1s6wtj25 author: Ruscitti, Piero title: Severe COVID-19, Another Piece in the Puzzle of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. An Immunomodulatory Perspective to Alleviate the Storm date: 2020-05-28 words: 3728.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350492-1s6wtj25.txt summary: On these bases, we aimed to review the similarities between severe COVID-19 and diseases included in hyperferritinemic syndrome, from a pathogenic, clinical, and therapeutic point of view, thus proposing new insights to improve the management of those patients. In addition, it has been shown that increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ, IP-10, and MCP1, were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in SARS patients (25) , thus suggesting a further pathogenic loop in inducing the cytokine storm. The final result is the uncontrolled proliferation of activated immune cells, the massive production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and the development of cytokine storm syndrome, either in severe COVID-19 or SJIA. Considering the lack of efficacy of antiviral therapy for severe coronavirus infection, it is reasonable to postulate the clinical usefulness of specific immunomodulatory therapies (Figure 1) , as observed for other diseases included in hyperferritinemic syndrome such as intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) and tocilizumab, the humanized monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor (7). abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared as a worldwide public health emergency. Interestingly, severe COVID-19 is characterized by fever, hyperferritinemia, and a hyper-inflammatory process with a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be responsible for the high rate of mortality. These findings may advocate for a similarity between severe COVID-19 and some challenging rheumatic diseases, such as adult onset Still's disease, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome, which have been included in the “hyperferritinemic syndrome” category. Furthermore, as performed in these hyper-inflammatory states, severe COVID-19 may benefit from immunomodulatory therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574264/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01130 id: cord-291505-vt5vpp60 author: Rusconi, Chiara title: SARS-CoV-2 Interstitial Pneumonia Treated With Tocilizumab in a Patient Affected by Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma date: 2020-09-01 words: 1769.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291505-vt5vpp60.txt summary: [5] [6] [7] We therefore report a case of SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia in a patient with classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) successfully treated with tocilizumab. 6, 7 More recently, a series of hematological cancer patients SARS-CoV-2 infected has been described: 3 out of 25 patients received tocilizumab, in 2 cases together with steroids, and a successful outcome has been reported for two of them. The first cHL patient affected by COVID-19 has been described by O''Kelly and colleagues: at symptoms onset, a PD-1 inhibitors induced pneumonitis was suspected, and treatment against SARS-CoV-2 was started after NPS test resulted positive. 14 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first extended report on successful tocilizumab treatment for a lymphoma patient affected by COVID-19; immunocompromised subjects may mount an antibody response and overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in case of severe interstitial pneumonia. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/hs9.0000000000000472 doi: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000472 id: cord-029813-o2uzcuai author: Rusconi, Stefano title: COVID-19: studying the global pandemic – foreword date: 2020-07-27 words: 2723.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029813-o2uzcuai.txt summary: This special issue of Future Virology contains nine articles on diverse aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2. The topics range from basic virology on coronavirus evolution and replication to identification of repurposed therapeutics for clinical testing to public health issues including the conundrums of asymptomatic viral transmission and risks to homeless populations. The Commentary by Parvez [1] briefly reviews the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in fecal samples, including its persistence, and the finding of gastrointestinal complaints in a minority of hospitalized patients. While it is clear that this phytochemical has multiple pharmacological activities, as reviewed previously [10] , this in silico report does not provide biologic data on rutin''s possible effects in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Detection of relatively high SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads in upper respiratory tract samples has been reported in both presymptomatic (late incubation period) and truly asymptomatic infected persons. Transmission and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7386404/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0211 id: cord-289890-sf2uxubd author: Rushworth, S. A. title: Performance and health economic evaluation of the Mount Sinai COVID-19 serological assay identifies modification of thresholding as necessary to maximise specificity of the assay date: 2020-06-12 words: 3954.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289890-sf2uxubd.txt summary: We evaluated the FDA approved SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (developed at Mount Sinai, by Krammer and colleagues) for the identification of COVID-19 seroconversion and potential cross-reactivity of the assay in a United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) hospital setting. In summary, we report that the Mount Sinai IgG ELISA assay is highly sensitive test for SARS-Cov-2 infection, however modification of thresholding was required to minimise false positive results. Figure 2A shows that 42/47 samples from this group were established as negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the first RBD screening test step, and 5/47 required confirmatory assessment with the second dilution assay. On testing of the control group, 70/72 patient samples were identified as being negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody following the RBD step of the assay using the 5 SD threshold. To conclude, here we report that the Mount Sinai IgG ELISA assay is highly sensitive and apparent cost-effective test for SARS-Cov-2 infection in a UK NHS acute hospital laboratory setting. abstract: We evaluated the FDA approved SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (developed at Mount Sinai, by Krammer and colleagues) for the identification of COVID-19 seroconversion and potential cross-reactivity of the assay in a United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) hospital setting. In our "set up" cohort we found that the SARS-CoV-2 IgG was detectable in 100% of patients tested 14 days post positive COVID-19 nucleic acid test. Serum samples taken from pregnant women in 2018 were used as a negative control group with zero false positives. We also analysed samples from patients with non-COVID-19 viral infections, paraproteinaemia or autoantibodies and found false positive results in 6/179. Modification of the sensitivity threshold to five standard deviations from the mean of the control group eliminated all false positive result in the set up cohort. We confirmed the validity of the test with a revised threshold on an independent prospective "validation cohort" of patient samples. Taking data from both cohorts we report a sensitivity of the Mount Sinai assay of 96.6% (28/29) and specificity of 100% (299/299) using a revised threshold cut-off, at a time point at least 14 days since the diagnostic antigen test. Finally, we conducted a health economic probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) on the costs of producing the tests, and the mean cost we estimate to be 13.63 pounds sterling (95%CI 9.63 - 18.40), allowing its cost effectiveness to be tested against other antibody tests. In summary, we report that the Mount Sinai IgG ELISA assay is highly sensitive test for SARS-Cov-2 infection, however modification of thresholding was required to minimise false positive results. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128306 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128306 id: cord-336940-6rgmpy5r author: Russell, B. S. title: Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship date: 2020-08-04 words: 7061.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336940-6rgmpy5r.txt summary: Results indicate significant linkages between parents'' caregiver burden, mental health, and perceptions of children''s stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict, indicating possible spillover effects for depressed parents and compensatory effects for anxious parents. The hypothesized path model examined the direct and indirect associations among caregiver burden, generalized anxiety, depression symptomology, perceived child stress, and child-parent conflict and closeness, with parent gender and focal child age categories as controls. Path analysis results report of significant linkages between parents'' caregiver burden and mental health and perceptions of children''s stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict. The results of a multigroup path analysis, organized by parent gender, indicates good fit to the data [X 2 (10) = 159.04, p < 0.01], such that parents who reported higher rates of caregiver burden also reported higher rates of generalized anxiety, depression, and parent perceived child stress, with male caregivers reporting higher rates overall than female caregivers and stronger associations across the linkages between variables at each step in the model. abstract: Research confirms that the mental health burdens following community-wide disasters are extensive, with pervasive impacts noted in individuals and families. It is clear that child disaster outcomes are worst among children of highly distressed caregivers, or those caregivers who experience their own negative mental health outcomes from the disaster. The current study used path analysis to examine concurrent patterns of parents’ (n = 420) experience from a national sample during the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a multi-group path analysis, organized by parent gender, indicate good fit to the data [X(2)(10) = 159.04, p < .01]. Results indicate significant linkages between parents’ caregiver burden, mental health, and perceptions of children’s stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict, indicating possible spillover effects for depressed parents and compensatory effects for anxious parents. The impact of millions of families sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic for an undefined period of time may lead to unprecedented impacts on individuals’ mental health with unknown impacts on child-parent relationships. These impacts may be heightened for families whose caregivers experience increased mental health symptoms, as was the case for fathers in the current sample. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x doi: 10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x id: cord-270245-zziwb2jy author: Russell, Beth title: Factors Affecting COVID-19 Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A First Report From Guy''s Cancer Center in London date: 2020-07-22 words: 4112.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270245-zziwb2jy.txt summary: Being of Asian ethnicity [3.73 (1.28–10.91)], receiving palliative treatment [5.74 (1.15–28.79)], having an initial cancer diagnosis >24 months before [2.14 (1.04–4.44)], dyspnea [4.94 (1.99–12.25)], and increased CRP levels [10.35 (1.05–52.21)] were positively associated with COVID-19 death. During a median follow-up of 37 days, the following cancer patient characteristics were found to be positively associated with COVID-19 death: Asian ethnicity, palliative treatment, initial cancer diagnosis >24 months, dyspnea at presentation, and high CRP levels. Apart from the CCC-19 Consortium (16) , no study to date has specifically looked at COVID-19 severity at presentation in COVID-19 positive cancer patients and hence our observation of an association with time since cancer diagnosis and presenting symptoms needs further validation in other large cohorts with homogenous definitions of inclusion criteria, testing strategies, and outcome measures. abstract: Background: There is insufficient evidence to support clinical decision-making for cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 due to the lack of large studies. Methods: We used data from a single large UK Cancer Center to assess the demographic/clinical characteristics of 156 cancer patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis between 29 February and 12 May 2020. Logistic/Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify which demographic and/or clinical characteristics were associated with COVID-19 severity/death. Results: 128 (82%) presented with mild/moderate COVID-19 and 28 (18%) with a severe case of the disease. An initial cancer diagnosis >24 months before COVID-19 [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 0.71–4.26)], presenting with fever [6.21 (1.76–21.99)], dyspnea [2.60 (1.00–6.76)], gastro-intestinal symptoms [7.38 (2.71–20.16)], or higher levels of C-reactive protein [9.43 (0.73–121.12)] were linked with greater COVID-19 severity. During a median follow-up of 37 days, 34 patients had died of COVID-19 (22%). Being of Asian ethnicity [3.73 (1.28–10.91)], receiving palliative treatment [5.74 (1.15–28.79)], having an initial cancer diagnosis >24 months before [2.14 (1.04–4.44)], dyspnea [4.94 (1.99–12.25)], and increased CRP levels [10.35 (1.05–52.21)] were positively associated with COVID-19 death. An inverse association was observed with increased levels of albumin [0.04 (0.01–0.04)]. Conclusions: A longer-established diagnosis of cancer was associated with increased severity of infection as well as COVID-19 death, possibly reflecting the effects a more advanced malignant disease has on this infection. Asian ethnicity and palliative treatment were also associated with COVID-19 death in cancer patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903324/ doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01279 id: cord-324210-zpb9jicw author: Russell, Beth title: Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say? date: 2020-04-03 words: 1122.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324210-zpb9jicw.txt summary: Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anticancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. abstract: There have been several reports noting anosmia and ageusia as possible symptoms of COVID-19. This is of particular interest in oncology since patients receiving some cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or immune therapy often experience similar symptoms as side-effects. The purpose of this report was to summarise the evidence on the existence of anosmia and ageusia an emerging COVID-19 symptoms in order to better inform both oncology patients and clinicians. Currently, there is no published evidence or case reports noting anosmia or ageusia as symptoms of COVID-19. Nevertheless, experts in rhinology have suggested that the onset of such symptoms could either act as a trigger for testing for the disease where possible, or could be a new criterion to self-isolate. Whilst more data is currently needed to strengthen our knowledge of the symptoms of COVID-19, oncology patients who are concerned about anosmia or ageusia in the context of their systemic anti-cancer therapy should contact their acute oncology support line for advice. url: https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed98 doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed98 id: cord-318470-2plv75os author: Russell, Matthew R. title: COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies date: 2020-04-29 words: 531.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318470-2plv75os.txt summary: title: COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of Donor Specific Antibodies Early reports have suggested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generally causes mild disease in children. 1 Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are generally more susceptible to viral respiratory infections and have increased morbidity and mortality. Potential for COVID-19 disease was considered but community incidence was low at the time, the patient had no Center for Disease Control risk factors for infection, and testing was not widely available. Repeat SARS-CoV-2 nasal PCR was planned for two weeks with repeat anti HLA antibody testing and IVIG administration repeated every month for two more months. 5 This patient tolerated IVIG administration with concurrent COVID-19 infection without any notable reaction. Although mechanisms and relationship between allosensitization and COVID-19 remain uncertain, we suggest careful measurement of donor specific antibodies be undertaken in heart transplant survivors of this infection. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.021 doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.021 id: cord-284274-9uu7yflt author: Russi, Christopher S. title: Emergency Medicine Telehealth for COVID-19: Minimize Front-Line Provider Exposure and Conserve Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) date: 2020-08-13 words: 1610.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284274-9uu7yflt.txt summary: This has opened a time-sensitive opportunity for novel, digital approaches to acute emergency and intensive patient care that should reduce healthcare risk by mitigating exposure and save highly valuable PPE. The Mayo Clinic Emergency Medicine Telehealth (TeleEM) program is an ongoing network serving rural emergency departments across our large Midwest practice, using both synchronous video and telephonic tools for complex or critically ill patients. Whether in symptomatic patients'' homes for remote monitoring, ambulances in the field for transport, tents outside healthcare facilities for screening and testing, EDs for diagnosis and treatment, or in the hands of all acute care providers for consultation, telehealth tools are being deployed across the continuum of EMS and emergency medicine to help limit disease spread, reduce HCW exposure and conserve valuable PPE. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.025 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.025 id: cord-223560-ppu6idl2 author: Russo, Daniel title: Predictors of Well-being and Productivity among Software Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic -- A Longitudinal Study date: 2020-07-24 words: 14058.0 sentences: 811.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-223560-ppu6idl2.txt summary: Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual''s well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) the longitudinal study did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Therefore, there is a compelling need for longitudinal applied research that draws on theories and findings from various scientific fields to identify variables that uniquely predict the well-being and productivity of software professionals during the 2020 quarantine, for both the current and potential future lockdowns. Second, this approach simultaneously allows us to test whether models developed in an organizational context such as the two-factor theory [48] can also predict people''s well-being in general and whether variables that were associated with well-being for people being quarantined also explain productivity. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments worldwide to impose movement restrictions on their citizens. Although critical to reducing the virus' reproduction rate, these restrictions come with far-reaching social and economic consequences. In this paper, we investigate the impact of these restrictions on an individual level among software engineers currently working from home. Although software professionals are accustomed to working with digital tools, but not all of them remotely, in their day-to-day work, the abrupt and enforced work-from-home context has resulted in an unprecedented scenario for the software engineering community. In a two-wave longitudinal study ($N~=~192$), we covered over 50 psychological, social, situational, and physiological factors that have previously been associated with well-being or productivity. Examples include anxiety, distractions, psychological and physical needs, office set-up, stress, and work motivation. This design allowed us to identify those variables that explain unique variance in well-being and productivity. Results include (1) the quality of social contacts predicted positively, and stress predicted an individual's well-being negatively when controlling for other variables consistently across both waves; (2) boredom and distractions predicted productivity negatively; (3) productivity was less strongly associated with all predictor variables at time two compared to time one, suggesting that software engineers adapted to the lockdown situation over time; and (4) the longitudinal study did not provide evidence that any predictor variable causal explained variance in well-being and productivity. Our study can assess the effectiveness of current work-from-home and general well-being and productivity support guidelines and provide tailored insights for software professionals. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.12580v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-344714-0cam9ipf author: Russo, Maria title: Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection date: 2020-07-28 words: 8395.0 sentences: 394.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344714-0cam9ipf.txt summary: Here, we reviewed the capacity of well-known (e.g. quercetin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperetin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) and uncommon (e.g. scutellarein, amentoflavone, papyriflavonol A) flavonoids, secondary metabolites widely present in plant tissues with antioxidant and anti-microbial functions, to inhibit key proteins involved in coronavirus infective cycle, such as PL(pro), 3CL(pro), NTPase/helicase. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 and Furin protease activities can be considered an interesting therapeutic option against coronavirus infection, especially COVID-19, allowing the block and/or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as recently reported [28] . Based on these observations, it is not surprising that molecular docking approach, summarized in Fig. 3 , supports the role of flavonoids in the inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL pro by binding His41 and Cys145 of the catalytic site and other active site residues (e.g., Met49, Gly143, His163, His164, Glu166, Pro168, and Gln89), stimulating their validation by in vitro and in vivo studies. abstract: In terms of public health, the 21st century has been characterized by coronavirus pandemics: in 2002-03 the virus SARS-CoV caused SARS; in 2012 MERS-CoV emerged and in 2019 a new human betacoronavirus strain, called SARS-CoV-2, caused the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak. During the course of the current epidemic, medical challenges to save lives and scientific research aimed to reveal the genetic evolution and the biochemistry of the vital cycle of the new pathogen could lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Up to now, there is no cure for COVID-19 and waiting for an efficacious vaccine, the development of “savage” protocols, based on “old” anti-inflammatory and anti-viral drugs represents a valid and alternative therapeutic approach. As an alternative or additional therapeutic/preventive option, different in silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that small natural molecules, belonging to polyphenols family, can interfere with various stages of coronavirus entry and replication cycle. Here, we reviewed the capacity of well-known (e.g. quercetin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperetin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate) and uncommon (e.g. scutellarein, amentoflavone, papyriflavonol A) flavonoids, secondary metabolites widely present in plant tissues with antioxidant and anti-microbial functions, to inhibit key proteins involved in coronavirus infective cycle, such as PL(pro), 3CL(pro), NTPase/helicase. Due to their pleiotropic activities and lack of systemic toxicity, flavonoids and their derivative may represent target compounds to be tested in future clinical trials to enrich the drug arsenal against coronavirus infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109211 doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109211 id: cord-330089-926y1hfj author: Russo, Vincenzo title: Effect of Triple Combination Therapy With Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Azithromycin, and Hydroxychloroquine on QT Interval and Arrhythmic Risk in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-08 words: 2646.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330089-926y1hfj.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: No data are provided about the effect of triple combination therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPN/RTN), hydroxychloroquine (HQ) and azithromycin (AZT) on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk, in COVID-19 patients. No data are provided about the effect of triple combination therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPN/RTN), hydroxychloroquine (HQ) and azithromycin (AZT) on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk, in COVID-19 patients. The concomitant use of three or more QT prolonging drugs twice increases the risk of QT prolongation in hospitalized patients on cardiology ward (Khan et al., 2017) ; however, no data on the effect of triple combination therapy with LPN/RTN, HQ and AZT on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk have been still provided. We observed a high incidence of extreme QTc interval prolongation among COVID-19 patients on triple combination therapy with lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine, leading to discontinuation of pharmacological treatments in about half the cases. abstract: INTRODUCTION: No data are provided about the effect of triple combination therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPN/RTN), hydroxychloroquine (HQ) and azithromycin (AZT) on corrected QT (QTc) interval and arrhythmic risk, in COVID-19 patients. This study aims to describe the incidence of extreme QTc interval prolongation among COVID-19 patients on this experimental treatment and to identify the clinical features associated with extreme QTc prolongation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 87 COVID-19 patients, treated with triple combination including LPN/RTN, HQ and AZT, were analyzed. QT interval was obtained by the tangent method and corrected for heart rate using Bazett’s formula. Extreme QTc interval prolongation was considered an absolute QTc interval ≥ 500 ms or an increase in QTc intervals of 60 ms or greater (ΔQTc ≥ 60 ms) compared with baseline. RESULTS: Hypertension (66.7%) and diabetes (25.3%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular comorbidities. Twenty patients (23%) showed extreme QTc interval prolongation; no clinical, electrocardiographic or pharmacological characteristics have been associated to extreme QTc prolongation, except the history of ischemic stroke (P= 0,007). One torsade de pointes (TdP) in patient with QTc extreme prolongation (QTc: 560 ms) after 5 days of therapy was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high incidence of extreme QTc interval prolongation among COVID-19 patients on triple combination therapy. Since the incidence of malignant arrhythmias seems to be not negligible, a careful electrocardiographic monitoring would be advisable. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.582348 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582348 id: cord-351931-i9xenu3r author: Ruszkiewicz, Dorota M title: Diagnosis of COVID-19 by analysis of breath with gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry - a feasibility study date: 2020-10-24 words: 5567.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351931-i9xenu3r.txt summary: Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds in the breath using gas chromatography with either mass spectrometry (GCÀMS) or ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has been proposed for diagnosis of COVID-19 8 and pneumonia [9] . A panel of volatile organic compounds (ethanal, octanal, acetone, butanone, methanol, heptanal and a feature yet to be identified) is hypothesised to provide the basis of a COVID-19 rule-in/rule-out breath-test. A higherpowered study with time series data may establish how a volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile develops with infection, incubation and disease-progression, enabling the development of a COVID-19 breath-test. The compounds identified by PCA multi-variate analysis indicated that changes in breath-biochemistry followed the same pattern in both studies with elevated ketone and aldehyde signals accompanied by a suppressed methanol signal, and an unidentified feature 144 also noted as potentially significant. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to rapidly distinguish COVID-19 from other respiratory conditions, including influenza, at first-presentation. Point-of-care tests not requiring laboratory- support will speed diagnosis and protect health-care staff. We studied the feasibility of using breath-analysis to distinguish these conditions with near-patient gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). METHODS: Independent observational prevalence studies at Edinburgh, UK, and Dortmund, Germany, recruited adult patients with possible COVID-19 at hospital presentation. Participants gave a single breath-sample for VOC analysis by GC-IMS. COVID-19 infection was identified by transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- qPCR) of oral/nasal swabs together with clinical-review. Following correction for environmental contaminants, potential COVID-19 breath-biomarkers were identified by multi-variate analysis and comparison to GC-IMS databases. A COVID-19 breath-score based on the relative abundance of a panel of volatile organic compounds was proposed and tested against the cohort data. FINDINGS: Ninety-eight patients were recruited, of whom 21/33 (63.6%) and 10/65 (15.4%) had COVID-19 in Edinburgh and Dortmund, respectively. Other diagnoses included asthma, COPD, bacterial pneumonia, and cardiac conditions. Multivariate analysis identified aldehydes (ethanal, octanal), ketones (acetone, butanone), and methanol that discriminated COVID-19 from other conditions. An unidentified-feature with significant predictive power for severity/death was isolated in Edinburgh, while heptanal was identified in Dortmund. Differentiation of patients with definite diagnosis (25 and 65) of COVID-19 from non-COVID-19 was possible with 80% and 81.5% accuracy in Edinburgh and Dortmund respectively (sensitivity/specificity 82.4%/75%; area-under-the-receiver- operator-characteristic [AUROC] 0.87 95% CI 0.67 to 1) and Dortmund (sensitivity / specificity 90%/80%; AUROC 0.91 95% CI 0.87 to 1). INTERPRETATION: These two studies independently indicate that patients with COVID-19 can be rapidly distinguished from patients with other conditions at first healthcare contact. The identity of the marker compounds is consistent with COVID-19 derangement of breath-biochemistry by ketosis, gastrointestinal effects, and inflammatory processes. Development and validation of this approach may allow rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 in the coming endemic flu seasons. FUNDING: MR was supported by an NHS Research Scotland Career Researcher Clinician award. DMR was supported by the University of Edinburgh ref COV_29. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589537020303539 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100609 id: cord-316209-juvmabdq author: Rutayisire, Erigene title: What works and what does not work in response to COVID-19 prevention and control in Africa date: 2020-06-12 words: 2335.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316209-juvmabdq.txt summary: The lower number of COVID-19 cases in most African countries is attributed to inadequate health systems, low-to-absent testing capacity, poor reporting system and insufficient number of medical staff. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared COVID-19 a pandemic, pointing to the over 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illnesses in over 110 countries and territories around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread. Africa Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), World Health Organization and other international agencies are providing support and guidance to many African countries in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Despite reported low case-fatality of COVID-19, the pandemic is likely to cause more deaths in Africa if the compliance to COVID-19 prevention and control measures continues to be ignored as observed in some African countries. abstract: Abstract Since the emergence of the pandemic in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, as of 10:00 CEST, June 6, 2020, there have been nearly 6,663,304 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including 392,802 deaths worldwide. In Africa, as of June 2, 2020, a total of 152,442 COVID-19 cases and 4334 deaths have been reported. The five countries with the highest commutative number of cases in Africa are South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Algeria, and Ghana. Africa, together with the rest of world have had to swiftly undertake measures necessary to protect the continent from irreversible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that is claiming lives and destroying livelihoods. The lower number of COVID-19 cases in most African countries is attributed to inadequate health systems, low-to-absent testing capacity, poor reporting system and insufficient number of medical staff. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a great threat to most African countries from cities to rural areas and has created a strong demand on already scarce resources and requires an intense mobilization of additional resources to implement established emergency contingency measures. Closure of borders and movements of people restrictions within the country as measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19; this has resulted in the sector being adversely affected by the loss of income. Cooperative prevention and control measures are one of the promising solutions to deplete the spread of COVID-19 on the continent. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220304604 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.024 id: cord-263300-qfquedya author: Ruthberg, Jeremy S. title: Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 and otolaryngologists above age 60() date: 2020-04-30 words: 1780.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263300-qfquedya.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based on our models, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan represent states where older ENTs may be the most susceptible to developing severe complications from nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 due to a combination of high COVID-19 case volumes and a high proportion of ENTs over 60 years. The novel coronavirus'' dramatic impact on medical personnel parallels the epidemiology of the 2003 severe acute respiratory disease (SARS) outbreak in which 21% of global cases were health care worker infections [4] . The present study compares the geospatial distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases against the distribution of ENTs over the age of 60 to highlight the potential risks to this segment of vulnerable health care providers. The highest risk states for older ENTs, defined by the ratio of total confirmed COVID-19 case volume to the total number of ENT providers over 60, were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan, among others ( Table 2 ). abstract: OBJECTIVE: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is disproportionately impacting older individuals and healthcare workers. Otolaryngologists are especially susceptible with the elevated risk of aerosolization and corresponding high viral loads. This study utilizes a geospatial analysis to illustrate the comparative risks of older otolaryngologists across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Demographic and state population data were extracted from the State Physician Workforce Reports published by the AAMC for the year 2018. A geospatial heat map of the United States was then constructed to illustrate the location of COVID-19 confirmed case counts and the distributions of ENTs over 60 years for each state. RESULTS: In 2018, out of a total of 9578 practicing U.S. ENT surgeons, 3081 were older than 60 years (32.2%). The states with the highest proportion of ENTs over 60 were Maine, Delaware, Hawaii, and Louisiana. The states with the highest ratios of confirmed COVID-19 cases to the number of total ENTs over 60 were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our models, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan represent states where older ENTs may be the most susceptible to developing severe complications from nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 due to a combination of high COVID-19 case volumes and a high proportion of ENTs over 60 years. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386898/ doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102514 id: cord-329580-eef8mem7 author: Rutter, Matthew D title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis date: 2020-07-19 words: 3725.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329580-eef8mem7.txt summary: title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK endoscopic activity and cancer detection: a National Endoscopy Database Analysis CONCLUSION: This national analysis demonstrates the remarkable impact that the pandemic has had on endoscopic services, which has resulted in a substantial and concerning reduction in cancer detection. The aim of this paper was to use NED to examine in detail the historical changes in endoscopy service provision and cancer diagnosis in the immediate pre-COVID-19 era and during the early phase of the pandemic. For this current research, the NED IT team developed a dedicated COVID-19 module (Microsoft.Net, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Analysis Services OLAP; Microsoft Corporation) incorporating procedure-level data on all endoscopic procedures, including date of the procedure, procedure urgency, indication and cancer diagnosis, patient age and sex, endoscopist and endoscopy service, segmented in weekly intervals. Using the UK''s NED, we have performed the first national analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy services and endoscopic cancer diagnosis. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major global impact on endoscopic services. This reduced capacity, along with public reluctance to undergo endoscopy during the pandemic, might result in excess mortality from delayed cancer diagnosis. Using the UK’s National Endoscopy Database (NED), we performed the first national analysis of the impact of the pandemic on endoscopy services and endoscopic cancer diagnosis. DESIGN: We developed a NED COVID-19 module incorporating procedure-level data on all endoscopic procedures. Three periods were designated: pre-COVID (6 January 2020 to 15 March), transition (16–22 March) and COVID-impacted (23 March–31 May). National, regional and procedure-specific analyses were performed. The average weekly number of cancers, proportion of missing cancers and cancer detection rates were calculated. RESULTS: A weekly average of 35 478 endoscopy procedures were performed in the pre-COVID period. Activity in the COVID-impacted period reduced to 12% of pre-COVID levels; at its low point, activity was only 5%, recovering to 20% of pre-COVID activity by study end. Although more selective vetting significantly increased the per-procedure cancer detection rate (pre-COVID 1.91%; COVID-impacted 6.61%; p<0.001), the weekly number of cancers detected decreased by 58%. The proportion of missing cancers ranged from 19% (pancreatobiliary) to 72% (colorectal). CONCLUSION: This national analysis demonstrates the remarkable impact that the pandemic has had on endoscopic services, which has resulted in a substantial and concerning reduction in cancer detection. Major, urgent efforts are required to restore endoscopy capacity to prevent an impending cancer healthcare crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690602/ doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322179 id: cord-325055-todb1d4x author: Rychter, Anna Maria title: Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 words: 3270.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325055-todb1d4x.txt summary: Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more severe course of COVID‐19 infection. Although the data regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with obesity are limited and their association has not been fully defined yet, it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more serious COVID-19 infection. 68 Whether the obesity paradox will be present among COVID-19 patients remains to be seen, nevertheless, the phenomenon was reported among other respiratory diseases, such as COPD or ARDS. 53, 69 Its pathophysiological basis remains unknown; however, an increased BMI seems to be associated with a better survival and a slower decline in the lung function in patients with a mild course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with COVID-19. abstract: COVID‐19 crisis has lasted since the late 2019 to the present day. The severity of the disease is positively correlated with several factors, such as age and coexisting diseases. Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more severe course of COVID‐19 infection. On the basis of current research, in our nonsystematic review, we have investigated the extent to which obesity can affect the SARS‐CoV‐2 course and identify the potential mechanisms of the disease. We have also described the role of proper nutrition, physical activity and other aspects relevant to the management of obesity. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13083 doi: 10.1111/obr.13083 id: cord-322474-izguwscl author: Rylett, R. J. title: Covid-19 and Priorities for Research in Aging date: 2020-09-02 words: 2759.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322474-izguwscl.txt summary: The key research priority areas are as follows: response of older adults to disease, vaccination, and therapeutics; mental health and isolation; and supportive care environments. The CIHR-IA priority identification process resulted in three key areas and four cross-cutting themes for research on the impact of Covid-19 on older adults and aging, as illustrated in Figure 2 . To advance our mandate to improve the health and lives of older adults, CIHR-IA reacted rapidly, including by consulting stakeholders and experts, to identify priority research needs related to older adults and Covid-19. The key research areas laid out in this article, ranging from the response of older adults to disease, vaccination, therapeutics, and clinical trials, to mental health and supportive care environments, will continue to inform the responses made by CIHR-IA over the longer term. abstract: This article describes priority areas for research on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on older adults that have been identified by the CIHR Institute of Aging (CIHR-IA). The process used by CIHR-IA consists of several iterative phases and thus far has resulted in identification of three key areas for Covid-19 research needs and four cross-cutting thematic areas. The key research priority areas are as follows: response of older adults to disease, vaccination, and therapeutics; mental health and isolation; and supportive care environments. The four cross-cutting themes are equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI); ethical/moral considerations; evidence-informed practices; and digital health technologies. The priorities outlined in this article will inform CIHR-IA’s responses to Covid-19 research needs. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0714980820000331 doi: 10.1017/s0714980820000331 id: cord-315181-emf4i6ir author: Ryoo, Nayoung title: Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-27 words: 7135.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315181-emf4i6ir.txt summary: • Home based exercise and planned outdoor activities, avoiding densely populated areas, with caregivers are encouraged • Have more organized daily plans that include enjoyable therapeutic activities • Create a new routine which fits within the context of the current circumstances • Prevent overuse or addiction to TV/video by scheduling and restricting daily use • Counselling for behavioural management of FTD via telephone hotlines is helpful • Providing self-help guidance for reducing stress through electronic media can result in beneficial effects for FTD patients ADL = activities of daily living, PPE = personal protective equipment, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, BPSD = behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, VD = vascular dementia, AD = Alzheimer''s disease, FTD = frontotemporal dementia, ICU = intensive care unit, DLB = diffuse Lewy body. abstract: Multiple neurological complications have been associated with the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This is a narrative review to gather information on all aspects of COVID-19 in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. First, the following three mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the neurological complications associated with COVID-19: 1) direct invasion, 2) immune and inflammatory reaction, and 3) hypoxic brain damage by COVID-19. Next, because the elderly dementia patient population is particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, we discussed risk factors and difficulties associated with cognitive disorders in this vulnerable population. We also reviewed the effects of the patient living environment in COVID-19 cases that required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of stringent social restrictions and COVID-19 pandemic-mediated policies on dementia patients and care providers. Finally, we provided the following strategies for working with elderly dementia patients: general preventive methods; dementia care at home and nursing facilities according to the activities of daily living and dementia characteristics; ICU care after COVID-19 infection; and public health care system and government response. We propose that longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to fully examine COVID-19 associated neurological complications, such as dementia, and the efficacy of telemedicine/telehealth care programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33140593/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383 id: cord-267482-afqfymbq author: Ryu, Seungjin title: Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model date: 2020-09-12 words: 8189.0 sentences: 476.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267482-afqfymbq.txt summary: Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Also, initial studies that employ lung ciliated epithelial cell-specific HFH4/FOXJ1 promoter driven hACE2 transgenic mice show SARS-CoV-2 infection induces weight loss, lung inflammation and approximately 50% mortality rate, suggesting the usefulness of this model to understand the mechanism of immune dysregulation (Jiang et al., 2020) . Moreover, given our recent findings that ketogenesis inhibits inflammation and expands tissue resident ϒδ T cells (Goldberg et al., 2019) while SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients is associated with depletion of ϒδ T cells (Lei et al., 2020; Rijkers et al., 2020) , we next tested whether elevating BHB by feeding a ketogenic diet (KD) protects against mCoV-A59-driven inflammatory damage in aged mice. abstract: Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity. Unregulated cytokine storm together with impaired immunometabolic response leads to highest mortality in elderly infected with SARS-CoV-2. To investigate how aging compromises defense against COVID-19, we developed a model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59 (mCoV-A59) that recapitulated majority of clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Ketogenic diet increases beta-hydroxybutyrate, expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the inflammasome and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data underscore the value of mCoV-A59 model to test mechanism and establishes harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against COVID-19 in the elderly. Highlights - Natural MHV-A59 mouse coronavirus infection mimics COVID-19 in elderly. - Aged infected mice have systemic inflammation and inflammasome activation - Murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection results in loss of pulmonary γδ T cells. - Ketones protect aged mice from infection by reducing inflammation. eTOC Blurb Elderly have the greatest risk of death from COVID-19. Here, Ryu et al report an aging mouse model of coronavirus infection that recapitulates clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 seen in elderly. The increased severity of infection in aged animals involved increased inflammasome activation and loss of γδ T cells that was corrected by ketogenic diet. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.294363 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.11.294363 id: cord-292898-6m97l2uz author: Ríos-Silva, Mónica title: COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-23 words: 3467.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292898-6m97l2uz.txt summary: The variables included in this database were sex; age; whether the patient received outpatient care or required hospitalization; presence of pregnancy; smoking history; date of onset of symptoms, admission to hospital, and death if applicable; history of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or diagnosis of other unspecified comorbidity; presence of complications, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation required, and intensive care in intensive care unit (ICU). In the bivariate analysis, a χ 2 test was used to establish the association between the presence of pregnancy or a positive test and the presence of comorbidities reported in the database (DM, COPD, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and other comorbidity), as well as the association of pregnancy with the presence of complications (pneumonia, admission to ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, and/or death), the association between the presence of comorbidities and the type of care required by the patient (outpatient vs hospitalization), and the association of comorbidities and death. abstract: BACKGROUND: Pregnant women have been classified as at risk for COVID-19 due to previous experience with influenza and other coronaviruses. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the complications and death in women of childbearing age and pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from the beginning of the epidemic in Mexico until May 25, 2020. All women of childbearing age (13-49 years) from the open national COVID-19 database from the Ministry of Health of Mexico were considered for eligibility. SARS-COV-2 infection was confirmed or ruled out by RT-qPCR. We performed a bivariate and multivariable analysis to estimate mortality risk. RESULTS: Ten (2.2%) pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 died. Positive pregnant patients did not have a higher risk of complications (admission to the ICU, pneumonia, or requirement for mechanical ventilation) or death than the controls. In the multivariate analysis, only history of diabetes and chronic kidney disease remained independently associated with death in the positive cohort. Seven (0.6%) pregnant women with a negative test died. In bivariate analysis, pregnant patients with a positive test had a higher risk of death than pregnant patients with a negative test (relative risk (RR) = 3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.48-10.12), but no higher risk was found than in non-pregnant women with a positive test (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.44-1.53), and 60-day mortality did not significantly differ among pregnant patients with or without a positive test (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.12-1.30) or between COVID-19-positive patients who were pregnant or not pregnant (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.35-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant patients do not have a greater risk of complications or death from COVID-19 than non-pregnant patients. The presence of diabetes mellitus and chronic disease increases the risk of death in women of childbearing age, but not specifically in pregnant patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110595/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020512 id: cord-309378-sfr1x0ob author: Röst, Gergely title: Early Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Hungary and Post-Lockdown Scenarios date: 2020-06-30 words: 10526.0 sentences: 585.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309378-sfr1x0ob.txt summary: COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. We incorporate various factors, such as age-specific measures, seasonal effects, and spatial heterogeneity to project the possible peak size and disease burden of a COVID-19 epidemic wave after the current measures are relaxed. Moreover, closing schools postpones the peak of the epidemic (by about one month in case of the above setting), suggesting that children may play a significant role in transmission due to their large number of contacts, even though they give negligible contribution to the overall mortality, cf. As control measures are being successively relaxed since May 4, we established an age-structured compartmental model to investigate several post-lockdown scenarios, and projected the epidemic curves and the demand for critical care beds assuming various levels of sustained reduction in transmission. abstract: COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. This strategy was effective in preventing epidemic growth and reducing the incidence of COVID-19 to low levels. In this report, we present the first epidemiological and statistical analysis of the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary. Then, we establish an age-structured compartmental model to explore alternative post-lockdown scenarios. We incorporate various factors, such as age-specific measures, seasonal effects, and spatial heterogeneity to project the possible peak size and disease burden of a COVID-19 epidemic wave after the current measures are relaxed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070708 doi: 10.3390/v12070708 id: cord-318983-rmvqf6s9 author: SCHMIDT, HARALD title: Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response date: 2020-05-28 words: 2883.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318983-rmvqf6s9.txt summary: In addition, when supplies are "insufficient for patients in the highest risk categories-those over 60 years of age or with coexisting conditions-then equality supports using random selection, such as a lottery, for vaccine allocation." 13 Younger people, whom the overall framework otherwise generally favors (as they stand to gain more life years, and societal investments such as education would otherwise be wasted) should be prioritized only if "epidemiologic modeling shows that this would be the best way to reduce viral spread and the risk to others." 14 Using a lottery for allocating scare vaccines in the general population, as proposed here, is one way of treating people equally, and it is certainly superior to a first-come-firstserved approach (or, perhaps more accurately, a let-me-usemy-connections-and-pointy-middle-class-elbows approach) that likely explains why better-off and whiter groups typically get tested more frequently for Covid-19 than lowerincome people and people of color, as noted above. abstract: The Covid‐19 pandemic needs to be considered from two perspectives simultaneously. First, there are questions about which policies are most effective and fair in the here and now, as the pandemic unfolds. These polices concern, for example, who should receive priority in being tested, how to implement contact tracing, or how to decide who should get ventilators or vaccines when not all can. Second, it is imperative to anticipate the medium‐ and longer‐term consequences that these policies have. The case of vaccine rationing is particularly instructive. Ethical, epidemiological, and economic reasons demand that rationing approaches give priority to groups who have been structurally and historically disadvantaged, even if this means that overall life years gained may be lower. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1113 doi: 10.1002/hast.1113 id: cord-345480-w5zxzpj7 author: SHI, C. title: Clinical observations of low molecular weight heparin in relieving inflammation in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-04-01 words: 3747.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345480-w5zxzpj7.txt summary: D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage, interleukin-6, and other indices in 42 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed to compare and evaluate the progress of patients before and after LMWH treatment. Compared to the control group, patients in the heparin group had a higher percentage of lymphocytes after treatment and lower levels of interleukin-6; these differences were statistically significant. This study aims to review and analyze the treatment course of patients with COVID-19 to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin and delay disease progression to provide guidance for subsequent clinical practice. In addition, the changes in lymphocyte percentages in patients in the heparin group before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different to those in the control group. As shown in Figure 2O , there were no significant differences in CRP levels between the two groups of patients before and after LMWH treatment, and both were significantly lower compared to before treatment. abstract: Abstract: Background On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Effective therapeutic drugs are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis of patients, but currently no such drugs are available. Methods Patients in the study were divided into a heparin and a control group based on whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was used. D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage, interleukin-6, and other indices in 42 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed to compare and evaluate the progress of patients before and after LMWH treatment. Results Compared to the control group, D-dimer levels in the heparin group significantly increased before treatment, and there was no significant difference after treatment. There was no significant difference in the change of CRP levels between the two groups of patients before and after LMWH treatment, and levels for both groups were significantly lower after, compared to before, treatment. Compared to the control group, patients in the heparin group had a higher percentage of lymphocytes after treatment and lower levels of interleukin-6; these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Under conventional antiviral treatment regimens, LMWH can improve hypercoagulability, inhibit IL-6 release, and counteract IL-6 biological activity in patients. LMWH has potential antiviral effects and can help delay or block inflammatory cytokine storms. It can also increase the lymphocytes (LYM%)of patients and has the potential for treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.28.20046144 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.28.20046144 id: cord-338189-j4hnldk4 author: Saadat, Saeida title: Environmental perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 words: 3970.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338189-j4hnldk4.txt summary: The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world. There are some factors that contribute to the risk of COVID-19 but they are probably felt differently by different socioeconomic groups (Lipsitch et al., 2020) -People who have had medical problems of diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, or even high blood pressure and cancer are at higher risk from coronavirus (Giannis et al., 2020; Fang et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2020) . The major death cases of coronavirus outbreak are happening mainly in old people probably because of a poor immune system that allows rapid growth of viral infections. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused concerns globally. On 30 January WHO has declared it as a global health emergency. The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. Millions of people have been put on lockdown in order to reduce the transmission of the virus. This epidemic has also changed the people's life style; caused extensive job losses and threatened the sustenance of millions of people, as businesses have shut down to control the spread of virus. All over the world, flights have been canceled and transport systems have been closed. Overall, the economic activities have been stopped and stock markets dropped along with the falling carbon emission. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720323871 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870 id: cord-296494-6kn4mr04 author: Saban-Ruiz, J. title: COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics date: 2020-05-12 words: 6444.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296494-6kn4mr04.txt summary: Bearing this in mind, it is quite likely, that if we have fewer complications, particularly severe ones (cardiac arrest, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, haemorrhagic or massive ischaemic stroke), this integrated approach could cut down the elevated mortality in the highest risk group (cancer, COPD and oldest subjects with comorbidities), usually preceded by a multi-organ failure. In aged COVID-19 patients or with history of coronary artery disease (CAD) an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can also be seen for plaque vulnerability in the presence of a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release (71) but from the experience in animals, could it be plausible that any of them could be due to arteritis? The third aspect would be the combination of T2DM and Heart failure (HF) (the most frequent cardiac complication in any of the phases of the disease), which is present in a high percentage of patients, especially those at higher risk. abstract: COVID 19 is much more than an infectious disease by SARS-CoV-2 followed by a disproportionate immune response. An older age, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension, but also chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease among others, are between the most important risk factors. In addition, during the hospitalization both hyperglycaemia and heart failure are frequent. Less frequent are acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias and stroke. Accordingly, not all prolonged stays or even deaths are due directly to SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, this is the first review, focusing both on cardiovascular and metabolic aspects of this dreadful disease, in an integrated and personalized way, following the guidelines of the Cardiometabolic Health/Medicine. Therefore, current personalized aspects such as ACEIs and ARBs, the place of statins and the most appropriate management of heart failure in diabetics are analysed. Aging, better than old age, as a dynamic process, is also considered in this review for the first time in the literature, and not only as a risk factor attributed to cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities. Immunosenescence is also approached to build healthier elders, so they can resist present and future infectious diseases, and not only in epidemics or pandemics. In addition, to do this we must start knowing the molecular mechanisms that underlying Aging process in general, and immunosenescence in particular. Surprisingly, the endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy are implicated in both process. Finally, with a training in all the aspects covered in this review, not only the hospital stay, complications and costs of this frightening disease in high-risk population should be reduced. Likely, this paper will open a gate to the future for open-minded physicians. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5 doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5 id: cord-320773-zisujjsx author: Sabat, Iryna title: United but divided: policy responses and people''s perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-06-22 words: 5637.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320773-zisujjsx.txt summary: It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. In order to understand the public sentiment towards the COVID-19 containment measures and to inform future policy development, we collected information on people''s support for these policies, their worries in relation to the unfolding epidemic, and their trust in different sources of information. Overall, a north-south gradient could often be noticed in the EU regarding policy support: people living in the southern states (Portugal, Italy, and France) tended to approve of the containment policies more than residents in the northern countries (Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). The first insights obtained from the data showed that containment and mitigating policies undertaken by national governments in response to the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were generally wellreceived by the population in all countries covered by the survey. abstract: To understand the public sentiment toward the measures used by policymakers for COVID-19 containment, a survey among representative samples of the population in seven European countries was carried out in the first two weeks of April 2020. The study addressed people's support for containment policies, worries about COVID-19 consequences, and trust in sources of information. Citizens were overall satisfied with their government's response to the pandemic; however, the extent of approval differed across countries and policy measures. A north-south divide in public opinion was noticeable across the European states. It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. Considerable differences in people's attitudes were noticed within countries, especially across individual regions and age groups. The findings suggest that the epidemic acts as a stressor, causing health and economic anxieties even in households that were not directly affected by the virus. At the same time, the burden of stress was unequally distributed across regions and age groups. Based on the data collected, we draw lessons from the containment stage and identify several insights that can facilitate the design of lockdown exit strategies and future containment policies so that a high level of compliance can be expected. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168851020301639 doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.06.009 id: cord-296214-xeezt6f7 author: Sabatino, Jolanda title: Women''s perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: Walking into a post-peak phase date: 2020-08-13 words: 2699.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296214-xeezt6f7.txt summary: Therefore, we discussed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women, children and young patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities or congenital heart disease. Although the so far evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is likely to have a lower fatality rate in women, the course of the disease during pregnancy is not fully understood. Indeed, in rat lungs a higher expression of ACE2 has been observed in younger females animals than in adult males [26] Despite adult patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities have a worse course of the disease, and higher mortality rate, when we look at children infected by SARS-CoV-2 with concomitant congenital heart disease (CHD), they seem to have the same clinical trend and mortality of peers without CHD. An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes abstract: The pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has provoked hundreds of thousands of deaths, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Although some insights have been garnered in studies on women, children and young adults infected with COVID-19, these often remain fragmented in literature. Therefore, we discussed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women, children and young patients, particularly those with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities or congenital heart disease. Furthermore, we gathered and distilled the existing body of literature that describes their cardiovascular complications and the recommended actions in favour of those patients toward the post-peak pandemic period. Although many questions still require answers, this article is sought to help the practicing clinician in the understanding and management of the threatening disease in special populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.025 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.025 id: cord-261485-0ke5nqy0 author: Sabir, A. M. title: Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-29 words: 4666.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261485-0ke5nqy0.txt summary: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Conclusion Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a combination treatment of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia. There is one patient in medical ward needs low flow oxygen therapy and methylprednisolone for more than 21 days due to unknown reason or confirmed significant lung disease or infection, but Bactrim was given empirically for possible pneumocystis pneumonia, then improved and discharged home. Extra days of length of stay, and virus clearance time, higher oxygen therapy among patients with comorbidity and moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Background In the absence of a standard of treatment for COVID-19, the combined use of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs may be more effective than using either modality alone in the treatment of COVID-19. Methods Patients hospitalized between April 10th, 2020, through May 10th, 2020, who had confirmed COVID-19 infection with clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia, in which 65 patients have moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, and 63 patients have severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received early combination therapy of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs. They assessed for type and duration of treatment, and days need to wean from oxygen therapy, length of stay, virus clearance time, and complication or adverse events. All patients had more than 28 days follow up after discharge from the hospital. Results Moderate COVID-19 pneumonia group were 65 patients who received Enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 50 (76.9 %) and female patients were 15 (23.1 %). 34 (52.3 %) patients have comorbidity, 25 (38.5%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus and 2 (3.1 %) pregnant ladies. 19 (29.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 3L oxygen or less to maintain oxygen saturation more than 92%. All patients discharged home with no major or minor bleeding complications or significant complications. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 55 (87.3 %) and female patients were 8 (12.7 %). 37 (58.7 %) patients have comorbidity, and 24 (38.1%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus. 32 (50.8 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 4-9L oxygen, and 31 (49.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 10L oxygen or more, including 12 patients on a non-rebreathing mask. Patients received methylprednisolone were 37 (58.7 %) for 3 days, 16 (25.4 %) for 5 days and 10 (15.9 %) for more than 5 days. Sixty-two patients discharged home with one patient had a long stay, and the other two transferred to ICU. One long-stay patient transferred to ICU on low flow oxygen therapy. Conclusion Early use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.22.20134957v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20134957 id: cord-290522-icjt8bbw author: Sablerolles, Roos S G title: COvid MEdicaTion (COMET) study: protocol for a cohort study date: 2020-06-25 words: 2379.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290522-icjt8bbw.txt summary: Various theories about drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are circulating in both mainstream media and medical literature. Various theories about drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are circulating in both mainstream media and medical literature. 8 The fact that patients with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes have an increased mortality risk due to SARS-CoV-2-induced infection could be explained by the common factor of use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs. 9 10 This was suggested by several authors and also reached the mainstream media including CNN. Therefore, the COMET study aims to evaluate the relationship between use of certain drugs, starting with ACE inhibitors and ARBs, on clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. abstract: Various theories about drugs such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 are circulating in both mainstream media and medical literature. These are based on the fact that ACE2 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell invasion via binding of a viral spike protein to ACE2. However, the effect of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and other drugs on ACE2 is unclear and all theories are based on conflicting evidence mainly from animal studies. Therefore, clinical evidence is urgently needed. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between use of these drugs on clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. Patients will be included from several hospitals in Europe. Data will be collected in a user-friendly database (Digitalis) on an external server. Analyses will be adjusted for sex, age and presence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. These results will enable more rational choices for randomised controlled trials for preventive and therapeutic strategies in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002329 doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002329 id: cord-294440-zd0arwmr author: Sacco, Guillaume title: COVID-19 in seniors: Findings and lessons from mass screening in a nursing home date: 2020-06-26 words: 3981.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294440-zd0arwmr.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The pauci-symptomatic expression of COVID-19 in older residents, together with the high prevalence of asymptomatic forms in caregivers, justifies mass screening in nursing homes, possibly prioritizing residents with suggestive combinations of clinical signs including dyspnea, falls, anorexia and/or altered consciousness. The objective of the present study was to clarify symptoms and chronological aspects of the propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 in a nursing home, both in residents and staff members. The study consisted in a five-week retrospective observational cohort study in a middle-sized nursing home in Maine-et-Loire, West of France, having performed COVID-19 mass screening of residents (n=87) and staff members (n=92). The present report of COVID-19 mass screening in a nursing home showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic infected staff members, and confirmed that older residents exhibit few and mainly nonspecific symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 epidemic is particularly serious in older adults. The symptomatology and epidemic profile remain little known in this population, especially in disabled oldest-old people with chronic diseases living in nursing homes. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively describe symptoms and chronological aspects of the diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a nursing home, among both residents and caregivers. DESIGN: Five-week retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A middle-sized nursing home in Maine-et-Loire, west of France. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-seven frail older residents (87.9 ± 7.2years; 71% female) and 92 staff members (38.3 ± 11.7years; 89% female) were included. MEASUREMENTS: Mass screening for SARS-CoV-2 was performed in both residents and staff. Attack rate, mortality rate, and symptoms among residents and staff infected with SARS-CoV-2 were recorded. RESULTS: The attack rate of COVID-19 was 47% in residents (case fatality rate, 27%), and 24% in staff. Epidemic curves revealed that the epidemic started in residents before spreading to caregivers. Residents exhibited both general and respiratory signs (59% hyperthermia, 49% cough, 42% polypnea) together with geriatric syndromes (15% falls, 10% altered consciousness). The classification tree revealed 100% COVID-19 probability in the following groups: i) residents younger than 90 with dyspnea and falls; ii) residents older than 90 with anorexia; iii) residents older than 90 without anorexia but with altered consciousness. Finally, 41% of staff members diagnosed with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: The pauci-symptomatic expression of COVID-19 in older residents, together with the high prevalence of asymptomatic forms in caregivers, justifies mass screening in nursing homes, possibly prioritizing residents with suggestive combinations of clinical signs including dyspnea, falls, anorexia and/or altered consciousness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512220303194?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.023 id: cord-261222-762nqkbg author: Sachdeva, Sonali title: Admission Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetics Predicts Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19: a Pooled Analysis and Meta-summary of Literature date: 2020-10-12 words: 2846.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261222-762nqkbg.txt summary: Our results showed that hyperglycemia in non-diabetics was associated with higher risk of severe/critical illness (OR 1.837 (95% CI 1.368–2.465, P < 0.001) and mortality (2.822, 95% CI 1.587–5.019, P < 0.001) compared with those with normal values of blood glucose. A literature search was performed in August and September 2020 using databases PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus to identify studies reporting an association between blood This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 glucose levels and COVID-19 disease outcomes in patients without a history of diabetes. Our pooled analysis showed an increased risk of critical illness or severe COVID-19, as well as mortality in patients who presented with raised glucose levels and no prior history of diabetes compared with those with normal glucose levels. It has been observed that there exist varying magnitudes of association between fasting blood glucose levels and severe/critical COVID-19 illness among patients presenting with hyperglycemia without a known diagnosis of diabetes. abstract: In the latter part of 2019, a cluster of unexplained pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China. In less than a year, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 27 million people and claimed more than 800,000 deaths worldwide. Diabetes is a highly prevalent chronic metabolic disease, and recent reports have suggested a possible existence of COVID-19 related new-onset diabetes. Hyperglycemia induces an inflammatory state in the body, which coupled with coronavirus associated immune response is a possible explanation for clinical worsening of patients. We present a summary and pooled analysis of available evidence to ascertain the relationship between hyperglycemia in undiagnosed diabetics and outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Our results showed that hyperglycemia in non-diabetics was associated with higher risk of severe/critical illness (OR 1.837 (95% CI 1.368–2.465, P < 0.001) and mortality (2.822, 95% CI 1.587–5.019, P < 0.001) compared with those with normal values of blood glucose. The management of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 poses significant challenges in clinical practice, and the need to develop strategies for optimal glucose control in these patients cannot be overlooked. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073173/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00575-8 id: cord-179749-qdbmpi7j author: Sacks, Daniel W. title: What can we learn about SARS-CoV-2 prevalence from testing and hospital data? date: 2020-08-01 words: 10732.0 sentences: 621.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-179749-qdbmpi7j.txt summary: We estimate upper and lower bounds on the prevalence of the virus in the general population and the population of non-COVID hospital patients under weak assumptions on who gets tested, using Indiana data on hospital inpatient records linked to SARS-CoV-2 virological tests. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measuring the point-in-time prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the overall population using data on patients who are hospitalized for non-COVID reasons. The combination of these assumptions with linked testinghospital data leads to relatively tight upper and lower bounds on the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections in the overall population in Indiana in each week from mid-March to mid-June. We maintain the test monotonicity assumption throughout, and we derive upper and lower bounds on prevalence in the population under two alternative assumptions about the representativeness of non-COVID hospitalizations for the broader population. Equivalently, the independence assumption implies that SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is the same among people who are hospitalized for non-COVID conditions and the general population. abstract: Measuring the prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infections is difficult because tests are conducted on a small and non-random segment of the population. But people admitted to the hospital for non-COVID reasons are tested at very high rates, even though they do not appear to be at elevated risk of infection. This sub-population may provide valuable evidence on prevalence in the general population. We estimate upper and lower bounds on the prevalence of the virus in the general population and the population of non-COVID hospital patients under weak assumptions on who gets tested, using Indiana data on hospital inpatient records linked to SARS-CoV-2 virological tests. The non-COVID hospital population is tested fifty times as often as the general population. By mid-June, we estimate that prevalence was between 0.01 and 4.1 percent in the general population and between 0.6 to 2.6 percent in the non-COVID hospital population. We provide and test conditions under which this non-COVID hospitalization bound is valid for the general population. The combination of clinical testing data and hospital records may contain much more information about the state of the epidemic than has been previously appreciated. The bounds we calculate for Indiana could be constructed at relatively low cost in many other states. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.00298v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-354959-0iwdqbu6 author: Saddik, B. title: Increased levels of anxiety among medical and non-medical university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. date: 2020-05-13 words: 3824.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354959-0iwdqbu6.txt summary: The findings from our study can be used to support the development of effective screening strategies and interventions to build psychological resilience among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health emergencies in the future. When we 201 compared GAD-7 scores for medical students by gender, specialty (dental or medical), contact 202 with COVID-19, rotation type and clinical phase of study, we found that females, dental medicine 203 students, students who had been in contact with COVID-19 patients and students in their clinical 204 phase of study reported statistically significant higher anxiety levels. Furthermore, this study assessed anxiety 282 levels at three different time points: during hospital visits for medical and dental students, before 283 online learning and after switching to the online learning for all students. abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase anxiety levels within the community and in particular medical students who are already considered psychologically vulnerable groups. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, no study has yet estimated the effect of this pandemic on university students in the UAE or its impact on the psychological well-being of medical students. Methods: In this study, we surveyed 1485 medical (comprising medical and dental) and non-medical university students across 4 emirates within the UAE. We used an online platform to assess knowledge, sources of information, changes in hygienic behavior, perceptions of fear and worry and anxiety levels using the generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale. The GAD-7 score was measured at three time points; during hospital visits for medical/dental students, before the introduction of online learning and after online learning for all students. Results: The majority of students demonstrated high levels of knowledge and utilized reliable sources of information. Non-medical students exercised higher compliance with social restrictions, while medical students practiced better hand hygiene. Almost half of students reported anxiety levels ranging from mild to severe with females reporting higher anxiety scores during hospital visits (OR=2.02, 95% CI,1.41 to 2.91) and medical students reporting lower anxiety levels in comparison to dental students (OR=0.61, 95% CI,0.45 to 0.84). Medical students reported higher levels of anxiety during their clinical rotations which decreased with the introduction of online learning, yet, non-medical student's anxiety levels increased with online learning. Conclusions: This is the first study to provide important information on the initial response and anxiety levels in university students across the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings from our study can be used to support the development of effective screening strategies and interventions to build psychological resilience among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health emergencies in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20096933 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20096933 id: cord-266456-10tjzqep author: Sadeghipour, Parham title: Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian“247” National Committee''s position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention date: 2020-04-22 words: 1438.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266456-10tjzqep.txt summary: title: Management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak: Iranian"247" National Committee''s position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention Such safety concerns, along with the acceptable mortality benefit of the new generation of fibrinolytic agents, have placed thrombolytic therapy as a potential first choice on several occasions during the outbreak. Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care in Hong Kong The management of antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients with thrombocytopenia: a clinical conundrum Management of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: Iranian"247" National Committee''s position paper on primary percutaneous coronary intervention abstract: World Health Organization has designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic. During the past several weeks, a considerable burden has been imposed on the Iranian's healthcare system. The present document reviewed the latest evidence and expert opinion regarding the management of ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction during the outbreak of COVID‐19 and outlines a practical algorithm for it. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32320138/ doi: 10.1002/ccd.28889 id: cord-273641-8l57mnjt author: Sadr, Sara title: Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-29 words: 1438.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273641-8l57mnjt.txt summary: A narrow diagnostic approach where only febrile patients with pulmonary symptoms are evaluated for a COVID-19 diagnosis will result in many missed diagnoses; so it is important that physicians are familiar with atypical and rare presentations of COVID-19, such as isolated thrombocytopenia. The emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus with a high transmission rate, predominantly pulmonary symptoms and a reported mortality rate ranging between 2.0-4.4% has become a global pandemic [1, 7, 8] , and the infection can cause systemic involvement including respiratory, neurological and hematopoietic complications [3, 4] . In another study which observed the hematologic impacts of COVID-19, 20 % of patients showed abnormalities that included mild thrombocytopenia as severe as it has been reported in other viral infections such as dengue fever [14] . Severe thrombocytopenia has been reported in one case of COVID-19 that was associated with pulmonary symptoms as well as neurological complications [15] . abstract: COVID-19 is known to cause serious respiratory symptoms and involvement of other body systems such as hematopoietic, neurological and the immune system. In this report, we described a case of a COVID-19 patient who presented with no pulmonary involvement but severe thrombocytopenia. She suffered from headache and malaise with no respiratory symptoms, fever or chills. Chest radiological imaging was unremarkable but, the laboratory results showed significant thrombocytopenia associated with relatively decreased lymphocytes. Based on her high-risk work environment, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was performed and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal swab. Complete blood count (CBC) of patient was re-checked during admission and platelet count showed rising trend up to normal levels. A narrow diagnostic approach where only febrile patients with pulmonary symptoms are evaluated for a COVID-19 diagnosis will result in many missed diagnoses; so it is important that physicians are familiar with atypical and rare presentations of COVID-19, such as isolated thrombocytopenia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483524/ doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00820 id: cord-338819-wkb318sq author: Saez, Marc title: Effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain date: 2020-09-12 words: 9830.0 sentences: 497.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338819-wkb318sq.txt summary: Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective in this paper was to investigate, at a small area level and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM 10 , coarse particles with a diameter of 10 µm or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain. In Tables 2 and 3 we show the estimation results of the GLMM models with which we specified the association between air pollutants and the daily incident positive cases and daily deaths, controlling, in both cases, for socioeconomic and demographic variables, unobserved confounders and the spatial and the temporal dependency. abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of infection and death by COVID-19 could be associated with a heterogeneous distribution at a small area level of environmental, socioeconomic and demographic factors. Our objective was to investigate, at a small area level, whether long-term exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of COVID-19 incidence and death in Catalonia, Spain, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: We used a mixed longitudinal ecological design with the study population consisting of small areas in Catalonia for the period February 25 to May 16, 2020. We estimated Generalized Linear Mixed models in which we controlled for a wide range of observed and unobserved confounders as well as spatial and temporal dependence. RESULTS: We have found that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and, to a lesser extent, to coarse particles (PM(10)) have been independent predictors of the spatial spread of COVID-19. For every 1 μm/m(3) above the mean the risk of a positive test case increased by 2.7% (95% credibility interval, ICr: 0.8%, 4.7%) for NO(2) and 3.0% (95% ICr: -1.4%,7.44%) for PM(10). Regions with levels of NO(2) exposure in the third and fourth quartile had 28.8% and 35.7% greater risk of a death, respectively, than regions located in the first two quartiles. CONCLUSION: Although it is possible that there are biological mechanisms that explain, at least partially, the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the spatial spread of COVID-19 in Catalonia is attributed to the different ease with which some people, the hosts of the virus, have infected others. That facility depends on the heterogeneous distribution at a small area level of variables such as population density, poor housing and the mobility of its residents, for which exposure to pollutants has been a surrogate. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935120310744?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110177 id: cord-345304-n74m5ucs author: Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi title: THE CHALLENGING AND UNPREDICTABLE SPECTRUM OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS date: 2020-09-07 words: 1855.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345304-n74m5ucs.txt summary: 6 Based on current evidence, older adults and people of all ages with underlying medical conditions, including severe obesity, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, active cancer, transplantation and immunocompromised have been associated with poor clinical outcomes and higher fatality rates from COVID-19. One of the largest pediatric cancer programs in the USA, in New York city, reported that 20/178 (11%) children and adolescents with cancer had positive test for SARS-CoV-2. 11 The overwhelmed public health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious risk for pediatric general health, limiting access of children and adolescents to basic health care, compromising immunization coverages and postponing consultations for patients with underlying conditions. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized and critically Ill children and adolescents with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a tertiary care medical center in New York City abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020192 doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020192 id: cord-104507-xx7t26rl author: Safari, Saeid title: Extracorporeal Hemoperfusion as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Severe COVID-19 patients; a Narrative Review date: 2020-08-22 words: 3425.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104507-xx7t26rl.txt summary: Based on previous experience of blood purification to treat cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), here we aimed to review the current literature on extracorporeal hemoperfusion as a potential therapeutic option for CSS-associated conditions, with a focus on severe COVID-19. To date, various centers in different countries including Italy, China, USA, Germany, and Iran have reported or are investigating the beneficial effects of different hemoperfusion systems, including HA380/HA330 cartridges, CytoSorb, and polymyxin B immobilized fiber column in treatment of critically-ill COVID-19 patients. To date, a large number of experimental and clinical data, mostly from case reports and case series, have introduced CytoSorb as an effective rescue therapy for removal of inflammatory cytokines and achievement of hemodynamic stabilization in critically ill patients with septic shock and kidney failure (47) (48) (49) . abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV2) was first found in Wuhan, China. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of the disease caused by SARS-CoV2, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as an emergency of international concern. Based on the current epidemiological surveys, some COVID-19 patients with severe infection gradually develop impairment of the respiratory system, acute kidney injury (AKI), multiple organ failure, and ultimately, death. Currently, there is no established pharmacotherapy available for COVID-19. As seen in influenza, immune damage mediated by excessive production of inflammatory mediators contributes to high incidence of complications and poor prognosis. Thus, removal or blocking the overproduction of these mediators potentially aids in reducing the deleterious cytokine storm and improving critically ill patients’ outcomes. Based on previous experience of blood purification to treat cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), here we aimed to review the current literature on extracorporeal hemoperfusion as a potential therapeutic option for CSS-associated conditions, with a focus on severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7587998/ doi: nan id: cord-300776-owrrwd08 author: Safavi, Farinaz title: B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with Multiple Sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran date: 2020-05-13 words: 3355.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300776-owrrwd08.txt summary: To determine if any variable was independently associated with the COVID-19suspect status, we fit a multivariable Poisson regression model with robust error variance with the COVID-19-suspect status as the dependent variable and the following variables as predictors: age, sex, MS type, disease duration, PDDS category, the level of compliance with "stay at home recommendations," report of recent contact with a person with respiratory symptoms, report of a recent contact a patient with COVID-19 diagnosis, and DMT category (categorized as B-cell depleting antibodies, immune-cell trafficking inhibitors, other DMTs, and no DMT). In the multivariable Poisson regression model, MS disease duration, the DMT category, and the report of contact with a person with respiratory symptoms were all independently associated with the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group (Table 2) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the course of COVID-19 is more severe in patients with MS and if MS disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) affect the risk of contracting the disease. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, data were collected by sending a questionnaire to 2000 patients with a demyelinating disease through an online portal system. Collected data included the current MS DMT and patient-reported disability level, history of recent sick contact, recent fever, respiratory symptoms, diagnosis with COVID-19 and the disposition after the diagnosis. We defined a COVID-19-suspect group as patients having fever and cough or fever and shortness of breath, or a presumptive diagnosis based on suggestive chest computed tomography. We calculated the proportion of COVID-19-suspect patients and compared their demographics, clinical characteristics, and DMT categories with the rest of survey-responders, using univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS: Out of 712 patients, 34 (4.8%) fulfilled our criteria for being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Only two patients required hospitalization. No patient required intensive care. In a multivariable model, disease duration (p-value=0.017), DMT category (p-value=0.030) and history of sick contact (p-values<0.001) were associated with the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Patients on B-cell depleting antibodies had 3.6 times higher risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group as compared to patients on none-lymphocyte-depleting and non-cell trafficking inhibitor DMTs (95%CI: 1.45, 8.68, p-value=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The course of infection in MS patients suspected of having COVID-19 was mild to moderate, and all patients had a full recovery. B-cell depleting antibodies may increase the susceptibility to contracting COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102195 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102195 id: cord-255376-nqq5ieyg author: Safdar, Muhammad title: COVID‐19: A threat to educated Muslim women''s negotiated identity in Pakistan date: 2020-05-08 words: 7041.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255376-nqq5ieyg.txt summary: It has been found that the pandemic has similarity in its impacts for the women in their familial lives, despite their being variously situated and resistive, due to the general religio-culturally defined patriarchal social behaviour of the place (Pakistan) toward women and lack of will and action on the part of the state for implementing its laws of women''s empowerment. Though gender-defining intersectional factors like social status, class, education, economic independence, locality, interpretation of religion and physical beauty usually intervene to influence a woman''s empowerment in the family, this study finds that, in addition to the influence of these factors, the general dominant social behaviour toward women and the lack of will and action/infrastructure on the part of the government to ensure women''s empowerment are major factors which even worsen their condition during a crisis like COVID-19. abstract: This study attempts to explore how the lockdown/containment measures taken by the government during the COVID‐19 pandemic have threatened educated Muslim women's negotiated identity regarding wifehood and motherhood in urban Pakistan and how they struggle to reposition to reconstruct it. Through semi‐structured interviews, making an in‐depth comparative study of three differently situated cases (Muslim women), this study argues that the abnormal situation that has ensued from the pandemic has reinforced the vulnerability of women's nascent negotiated identity by landing them in a space where they are supposed by the normative structures to step back to carrying out their traditional responsibilities as ‘good’ wife and mother during the crisis. It has found that the pandemic has similarity in its impacts for the women in their familial lives, despite their being variously situated and resistive, due to the general religio‐culturally defined patriarchal social behaviour of the place (Pakistan) toward women and lack of action on the part of the state for implementing its laws of women's empowerment. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12457 doi: 10.1111/gwao.12457 id: cord-347199-slq70aou author: Safta, Cosmin title: Characterization of partially observed epidemics through Bayesian inference: application to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 words: 8406.0 sentences: 455.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347199-slq70aou.txt summary: The method is cast as one of Bayesian inference of the latent infection rate (number of people infected per day), conditioned on a time-series of Developing a forecasting method that is applicable in the early epoch of a partially-observed outbreak poses some peculiar difficulties. This infection rate curve is convolved with the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the incubation period of the disease to produce an expression for the time-series of newly symptomatic cases, an observable that is widely reported as "daily new cases" by various data sources [2, 5, 6] . 2, with postulated forms for the infection rate curve and the derivation of the prediction for daily new cases; we also discuss a filtering approach that is applied to the data before using it to infer model parameters. abstract: We demonstrate a Bayesian method for the “real-time” characterization and forecasting of partially observed COVID-19 epidemic. Characterization is the estimation of infection spread parameters using daily counts of symptomatic patients. The method is designed to help guide medical resource allocation in the early epoch of the outbreak. The estimation problem is posed as one of Bayesian inference and solved using a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. The data used in this study was sourced before the arrival of the second wave of infection in July 2020. The proposed modeling approach, when applied at the country level, generally provides accurate forecasts at the regional, state and country level. The epidemiological model detected the flattening of the curve in California, after public health measures were instituted. The method also detected different disease dynamics when applied to specific regions of New Mexico. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01897-z doi: 10.1007/s00466-020-01897-z id: cord-282675-s4zmffj3 author: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title: Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali date: 2020-10-15 words: 6922.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282675-s4zmffj3.txt summary: title: Assessment of mental health outcomes and associated factors among workers in community-based HIV care centers in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mali Mental health in ARCAD Santé PLUS''s CHW in Mali seemed to be associated with uncertainty about COVID-19 at the beginning of the outbreak, as suggested by the relationship between the (un)availability of face masks and insomnia, depression, and anxiety. The relationship discovered between the density of nurses in HIV care services and workers'' psychological outcomes not only highlights areas for improvement in the management of mental health among ARCAD Santé PLUS''s HCW during the current COVID-19 outbreak, but also provides insight into how these workers'' performance in HIV-related care could be improved in the short and long terms. abstract: • Malian healthcare workers presented mental disorders in the early stage of COVID-19. • Nurses were at lower risk of mental health disorders than other worker categories. • Women were at greater risk of mental health disorders than men. • A lack of protection equipment and nurses was associated with mental disorders. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590229620300150?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100017 id: cord-318317-x12fblc5 author: Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis title: The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali date: 2020-06-03 words: 1358.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318317-x12fblc5.txt summary: To the Editor, Mali announced its first two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on March 25, 2020, almost 1 month after Algeria (first reported case in the African continent) and Nigeria (first reported case in Sub-Saharan Africa). This is despite the fact that Malian authorities were more proactive in implementing a response than their counterparts in these other countries when the WHO declared COVID-19 to be an international public health emergency. Given this context, actions targeting cultural and social dimensions of vulnerable populations-including the homeless [7] and individuals with endemic [8] and chronic diseases, especially people living with HIV (PLWH) [9] -are needed to reinforce COVID-19 prevention. The long-established trustful relationship between ARCAD-Santé PLUS and users of its HIV/AIDS prevention and care services is indispensable to disseminate key messages to protect vulnerable populations in Mali against COVID-19. abstract: The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514230/ doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00228-5 id: cord-296708-b37jcj4f author: Sagar, Rajesh title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-06-22 words: 669.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296708-b37jcj4f.txt summary: title: Is it correct to estimate mental disorder through online surveys during COVID-19 pandemic? Since then, there have been multiple research articles on psychological impact of COVID-19 and the situation associated with it (e.g. quarantine, social isolation, physical distancing, etc.). 2, 3 The rates of psychiatric disorders through various online surveys have come out to be much higher than general population. [2] [3] [4] However, it is important to note that the validity of diagnosis based on checklist items in online surveys is not similar to face-to-face interviews, as psychiatric diagnosis are different form medical diagnosis, which is largely pathophysiological. It was emphasized in the UNIVERSAL online survey of World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) that overestimation is likely. 4 In the same study the term "depressive symptoms" was used but also mentioned generalised anxiety disorder without significant dysfunction/distress criterion . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016517812031982X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113251 id: cord-286269-vrjyj2y1 author: Sagheb, Setareh title: Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report date: 2020-09-21 words: 2778.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286269-vrjyj2y1.txt summary: They evaluated cord blood, amniotic fluid and even breast milk samples of mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, but SARS-COV-2 tests were negative in all cases. Consequently, because of performing all the aforementioned droplet and contact precautions during hospitalization, having high LDH, lymphopenia and SIADH soon after birth may be due to early-onset infection of SARS-COV-2. Furthermore, another study conducted on a limited number of patients showed a high level of SARS-COV-2 IgM in neonates born from COVID-19 infected mothers within 2 first hours of their birth [7] , which may indicate infection transmission from mother to fetus. It is worth noting that, although our neonates'' RT-PCR tests'' results for SARS-COV-2 were negative 1 hour after their birth, they tested positive on day 7 and 12. Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious viral disease has spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China to all over the world from its first recognition on December 2019. To date, only a few neonatal early-onset sepsis by SARS-COV-2 has been reported worldwide. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we present two seriously ill neonates who were born from mothers with stablished COVID-19 pneumonia. Laboratory tests showed lymphopenia with high LDH and hypocalcemia right after the birth. They had fever for days without responding to antibiotics and despite ruling out other potential causes. Both patients had positive RTPCR for SARS-COV-2 in the second round of testing but the first assay tested was negative. Hydroxychloroquine was used to treat both patients; the first patient was treated with it over a period of 14 days before showing signs of improvement. The second patient responded to the treatment over a period of 5 days. CONCLUSION: Although based on the available evidences, vertical transmission of COVID-19 is less likely, many aspects of pathogenesis and transmission of this novel virus are still unclear. Therefore we cannot rule out the vertical transmission totally. Further investigations are warranted to determine the exact mechanisms and routes of transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00897-2 doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00897-2 id: cord-283730-rshlenku author: Sah, Ranjit title: Impact of COVID-19 on tourism in Nepal date: 2020-07-07 words: 1373.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283730-rshlenku.txt summary: We read the recent article by Shrestha et al., 1 about Nepal''s first case of COVID-19 and public health response with great interest. Despite recent progress and the government''s commitment to reduce the absolute poverty rate to 16.7% from 18.7% last year, 2 the World Bank forecasts that 31.2% of Nepalis are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, primarily because of reduced remittances from overseas workers, foregone earnings of potential migrants, collapse of the tourist industry, job losses in the informal sector and increased cost of essential commodities, all as a result of COVID-19. 6 The government is currently investigating the repatriation of workers stranded in COVID-19 affected countries, even though this may place extra strain on the nation''s health system. Healthcare systems of any country depend on the economy and Nepal''s lost remittances and tourism revenues have crippled the nation''s finances. Nepal''s first case of COVID-19 and public health response Covid-19 pandemic: public health implications in Nepal abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa105 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa105 id: cord-300817-cxc00k0d author: Saha, Jay title: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() date: 2020-07-15 words: 3250.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300817-cxc00k0d.txt summary: title: Indoor air pollution (IAP) and pre-existing morbidities among under-5 children in India: are risk factors of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?() To find out the risk factor zones associated with Coronavirus disease among under-five children using pre-existing morbidity conditions and indoor air pollution (IAP) environmental factors and also with current fatality and recovery rate of COVID-19 disease in India. So, compared to the other previous studies in India, this type of study is yet not done, considering this huge research gap and novelty, this study also aims to find out the risk factors associated with the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among under-five children using pre-existing morbidity conditions and indoor air pollution environmental factors which are solid biomass cooking fuel and indoor smoking cigarettes and also with current case fatality ratio (CFR) and recovery rate (RR) of the COVID-19 disease in the high focusing states and union territories of India which are in a risk zone. abstract: Globally, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is linked with air pollution of both indoor and outdoor environments and co-morbidities conditions of human beings. To find out the risk factor zones associated with Coronavirus disease among under-five children using pre-existing morbidity conditions and indoor air pollution (IAP) environmental factors and also with current fatality and recovery rate of COVID-19 disease in India. Data was utilized from the 4th round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 2015–16, and from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) on 18th May 2020. Mean, standard deviation, and Z-score statistical methods have been employed to find out the risk factor zones i.e. to execute the objective. Findings of this study are, the states and UTs which have more likely to very higher to higher risk factors or zones of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are Mizoram (1.4), Meghalaya (1.27), Uttarakhand (0.92), West Bengal (0.73), Uttar Pradesh (0.66), Jammu and Kashmir (0.44), Odisha (0.33), Madhya Pradesh (0.21), Jharkhand (0.20), Bihar (0.19), Maharashtra (0.16 risk score), compared to UTs like Assam (-0.12), Rajasthan (-0.13), Goa (-0.14), Manipur (-0.17), Chandigarh (-0.19), Haryana (-0.22), Delhi (-0.27) have moderate risk factors of COVID-19, and the states and UTs like Daman and Diu (-1.18), Sikkim (-0.98), Andaman and Nicobar Islands (-0.84), Kerala (-0.69), Dadra and Nagar Haveli (-0.68), Arunachal Pradesh ( 0.-53), Karnataka (-0.42), and Nagaland (-0.36) have very low-risk zones of COVID-19 deaths. From a research viewpoint, there is a prerequisite need for epidemiological studies to investigate the connection between indoor air pollution and pre-existing morbidity which are associated with COVID-19. Well-built public health measures, including rapidly searching in high focus areas and testing of COVID-19, should be performed in vulnerable areas of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S026974912033966X doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115250 id: cord-331449-0sow1im8 author: Saha, Shivangi title: Managing Burns During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-30 words: 2415.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331449-0sow1im8.txt summary: The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which put them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. However, in view of the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as to maintain the safety of our burns team to preserve the capacity of the health system. 2, 3 In this review of our clinical experience and published literature, we highlight the key considerations for burn care teams while dealing with burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the institutional COVID testing capacity, the burn team members may be screened weekly to prevent onward disease transmission in hospitals through asymptomatic infected healthcare staff. Guide for prioritization of procedures and surgeries on burn patients (adapted from the clinical guide to surgical prioritization during the coronavirus pandemic). abstract: The coronavirus disease pandemic has affected our practice as healthcare professionals. As burn surgeons, we are obliged to provide the best possible care to our patients. However, due to the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as ensure the safety of the whole team providing burn care. The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which put them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. This warrants special caution to the burn team while managing such patients. In this review, we aim to highlight the key considerations for burn care teams while dealing with burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa086 doi: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa086 id: cord-317604-j8b64a1a author: Sahay, Sandeep title: Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-15 words: 2062.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317604-j8b64a1a.txt summary: title: Management of hospitalized patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection However, one should keep in mind that a lower respiratory tract infection, such as COVID-19 infection, may lead to hypoxemia leading to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which increases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) resulting in decompensation of a high-risk PAH patient who was previously stable. In patients who are mildly hypoxemic, providers could consider a pulsed inhaled nitric oxide delivery system (currently approved by FDA for expanded access use as a part of clinical trial for COVID -19 infected patients, NCT04305457). Management of PAH patients in intensive care unit (ICU) is challenging regardless of COVID-19 infection. Incidence and risk of respiratory tract infection associated with specific drug therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review Intensive care unit management of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32595934/ doi: 10.1177/2045894020933480 id: cord-340121-ytw82yyp author: Sahin, Dilek title: An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield date: 2020-06-15 words: 513.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340121-ytw82yyp.txt summary: title: An effective protective equipment to use in the vaginal delivery of the pregnant women with suspected/diagnosed COVID-19: Delivery Table Shield In this article, we describe the usage of a novel delivery table shield in the second stage of labor. 13.5% of asymptomatic pregnant women who applied for delivery were found to be positive for COVID-19 in a study 4 . Similarly, another recent study has reported 13.3% COVID-19 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women 5 . Therefore, we conclude that use of delivery table shield and other personal protective equipments would be more reasonable only in the suspected or definitely diagnosed cases. Delivery table shield exactly suits the delivery table due to its unique design effectively protects the health-care staff from infected respiratory droplets during the pushing and second stage of labor. The opening in the posterior side of the delivery table shield provides comfortable respiration fort he mother during the labor. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553912/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.021 id: cord-330261-8sb9sc7o author: Sahoo, D. P. title: Hospital based contact tracing of COVID-19 patients and health care workers and risk stratification of exposed health care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern India date: 2020-11-04 words: 3302.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330261-8sb9sc7o.txt summary: Number of high risk contacts was more in Non-COVID area (15.84) as compared to COVID area (0.27); p value < 0.001), amongst IPD patients (6.61) as compared to staff (4.02) and OPD (0.22) ; p value = 0.009 and when clustering of cases present (14.35) as compared to isolated cases (8.21); p value < 0.001 Conclusion: The case identification, risk stratification and contact tracing have helped in reducing the number of contacts with due course of time, so preventing the depletion of human resources for continuing health care. In our hospital which caters to both COVID-19 patients and other patients, we adopted the contact tracing and risk stratification approach based on these guidelines to categorize exposed HCWs into high and low-risk contacts. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.01.20220475 doi: medRxiv preprint have reported the yield of hospital-based contact tracing of patients and HCWs tested positive for COVID-19 and risk stratification of exposed HCWs in the hospital a statutory body under the aegis of MOHFW, Government of India. abstract: Introduction: Contact tracing and subsequently quarantining of HCWs is essential to minimize further transmission. In this study, we have reported our experience of contact tracing and risk categorization in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India. Methodology: This is a secondary data analysis of routine data collected from 19th March to 31st August 2020 during the process of contact tracing in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India amongst 3411 health care workers (HCWs). HCWs exposed to COVID-19 infections were categorized as per the risk stratification guidelines and the high risk cases were quarantined for 14 days and tested on 7th day of last contact. The low risk contacts were encouraged to closely monitor their symptoms and allowed to continue work. Results: Out of 3411 contacts 890 (26.1%) were high risk contacts and 2521 (73.9%) were low risk contacts. The test positivity rate of high risk contact was 3.82% and for low risk contact was 1.9%. Number of high risk contacts was more in Non-COVID area (15.84) as compared to COVID area (0.27); p value < 0.001), amongst IPD patients (6.61) as compared to staff (4.02) and OPD (0.22) ; p value = 0.009 and when clustering of cases present (14.35) as compared to isolated cases (8.21); p value < 0.001 Conclusion: The case identification, risk stratification and contact tracing have helped in reducing the number of contacts with due course of time, so preventing the depletion of human resources for continuing health care. The contact tracing approach designed in the current study can also be implemented in other healthcare settings. Key word: COVID-19, contact tracing, health care workers, risk stratification url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.01.20220475v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.01.20220475 id: cord-276300-6xy8bwfl author: Sahoo, Swapnajeet title: Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger date: 2020-05-30 words: 2543.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276300-6xy8bwfl.txt summary: title: Lived experiences of the Corona Survivors (patients admitted in COVID wards): A Narrative real-life documented summaries of internalized guilt, shame, stigma, anger During the initial few days, it was seen that most patients admitted with the infection had some or other mental health issues such as anxiety, excessive worries, irritability, low mood, frustration, distress, feeling isolated/loneliness, etc. The 3 summaries discussed in this report are the mental health issues and other experiences shared by 2 persons and a family admitted in the COVID center. Besides supportive sessions with the patient, one of his cousin (uninfected) with whom the patient was in constant touch was involved in the treatment, who was asked to motivate the patient to stay active and remain busy watching videos/movies on YouTube channels, read things of his likings on the internet and pray to God. He was discharged after his repeat tests came out to be negative. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a disaster for the human beings. All the Governments across the globe have been preparing to deal with this medical emergency, which is known to be associated with mortality in about 5% of the sufferers. Gradually, it is seen that, many patients with COVID-19 infection have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. Due to the risk of infecting others, persons with COVID-19 infection are kept in isolation wards. Because of the isolation, the fear of death, and associated stigma, many patients with COVID-19 infection go through mental distress. In this report, we discuss the experience of 3 persons diagnosed with COVId-19 infection and admitted to the COVID ward. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820302999 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102187 id: cord-268840-m3fp9q3p author: Sahu, Ankit Kumar title: Lung sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-04 words: 2520.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268840-m3fp9q3p.txt summary: Sonographic characteristics like bilateral lung involvement, B – profile, spared areas and confluent B – lines or waterfall sign were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with clinical severity (more frequent with increasing disease severity). [2] The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 patients range from asymptomatic to critical illness, which can include severe acute respiratory distress (ARDS) requiring ventilatory support [3] [4] [5] [6] . [12] Confirmed COVID-19 patients were categorised by the treating physician (also performed the ultrasound) according to their severity of illness according to Chinese CDC definitions (mild disease: patients with respiratory tract infection, not fulfilling criteria for severe and critical disease, severe disease: any of the following signs or symptoms like shortness of breath, respiratory rate > 30/min or oxygen saturation < 93%, and critical disease: patients requiring intensive care for organ failure or invasive ventilation) [11] . abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the lung sonographic findings of COVID-19 patients prospectively and investigate its association with disease severity. METHODS: This study was conducted in an emergency department and included consecutively enrolled laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients. Lung sonography findings were described in all the included patients and analysed with respect to the clinical severity of the patients. RESULTS: 106 patients were included in the study. Common sonographic findings in COVID-19 patients were pleural line irregularity or shredding (70% of patients), followed by B – profile (59%), pleural line thickening (33%), occasional B – lines (26%), sub-pleural consolidations (35%), deep consolidations (6%), spared areas (13%), confluent B – lines or waterfall sign (14%) and pleural effusion (9%). These findings tended to be present more bilaterally and in lower lung zones. Sonographic characteristics like bilateral lung involvement, B – profile, spared areas and confluent B – lines or waterfall sign were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with clinical severity (more frequent with increasing disease severity). CONCLUSION: The lung sonographic findings of COVID-19 were found more bilaterally and in lower lung zones, and specific findings like B – profile, pleural thickening, spared areas and confluent B – lines or waterfall sign were associated with severe COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720307749 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.080 id: cord-340433-h86cufyp author: Sahu, Bikash R title: C-reactive protein: a promising biomarker for poor prognosis in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-06-05 words: 1365.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340433-h86cufyp.txt summary: Although increased C reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with death due to COVID-19 infections, results from different populations remain inconsistent. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant role of CRP in COVID-19 infection outcome (Standard difference in means= 1.371, P=0.000). Inclusion of a report in the current meta-analysis must have a) added analysis for death and survivors, b) plasma/serum CRP concentrations, c) data must be presented in mean± standard deviation (S.D) or median (interquartile range). Two authors BRS and AP extracted data such as authors'' details, years of publication, population, number of COVID-19 infected subjects, death and survivors, CRP concentrations in mean± S.D. or median (interquartile range), significance value. Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) break out from Wuhan, China, spread over 227 countries and caused approximately 0.3 million death worldwide. Several biomolecules have been explored for possible biomarkers for prognosis outcome. Although increased C reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with death due to COVID-19 infections, results from different populations remain inconsistent. For a conclusive result, the present meta-analysis was performed. METHODS: We conducted a literature survey in PubMed and Scopus database for the association of CRP concentration with COVID-19 disease outcomes. A total of 16 eligible studies were enrolled in the present analysis comprising of 1896 survivors and 849 non-survivors cases. Concentrations of CRP were compared and analyzed by a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Egger’s regression analysis (intercept=0.04, P=0.98, 95%CI=-5.48 to 5.58) and funnel plot revealed an absence of publication bias in the included studies. Due to the presence of significant heterogeneity across the studies (Q=252.03, P(heterogeneity)= 0.000, I(2)=93.65) random model was used for the analysis of the present study. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant role of CRP in COVID-19 infection outcome (Standard difference in means= 1.371, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of CRP remained increased in patients who died in COVID-19 infection and could be a promising biomarker for accessing disease lethality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32511972/ doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.013 id: cord-339727-q8pjwl3s author: Sahu, Kamal Kant title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside date: 2020-07-30 words: 3325.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339727-q8pjwl3s.txt summary: Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Recently, a few studies have examined the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Because H7N9 and SARS-CoV-2 share similar complications-ARDS, hypoxic respiratory failure, severe inflammation, overt immune response, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome-MSCs therapy may be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia as well. Rationale for the clinical use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 patients Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use Expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients: the case for compassionate use abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major setback in both the health and economic sectors across the globe. The scale of the problem is enormous because we still do not have any specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agent or vaccine. The human immune system has never been exposed to this novel virus, so the viral interactions with the human immune system are completely naive. New approaches are being studied at various levels, including animal in vitro models and human-based studies, to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. Many drugs are being tested for repurposing, but so far only remdesivir has shown some positive benefits based on preliminary reports, but these results also need further confirmation via ongoing trials. Otherwise, no other agents have shown an impactful response against COVID-19. Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. The patients belonging to this subset are most likely beyond the point where they could benefit from an antiviral therapy because most of their illness at this stage of disease is driven by inflammatory (over)response of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the potential of MSCs as a therapeutic option for patients with COVID-19, based on the encouraging results from the preliminary data showing improved outcomes in the progression of COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729620/ doi: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa049 id: cord-356271-k4ux9yey author: Sai Thejeshwar, S. title: Precise Prediction of COVID-19 in Chest X-Ray Images Using KE Sieve Algorithm date: 2020-08-14 words: 2699.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356271-k4ux9yey.txt summary: The advancements in the area of machine learning and pattern recognition has resulted in intelligent systems that analyze CT Scans or X-ray images and classify between pneumonia and normal patients. This paper proposes KE Sieve Neural Network architecture, which helps in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. So, in this study, we propose an AI-based pattern recognition system using the KE Sieve Neural Network model [1] [2] for the detection of coronavirus infected patients, pneumonia and healthy patients using chest X-ray radiographs. [25] , proposed a classification model that classifies COVID-19 from viral pneumonia and healthy cases using pulmonary CT images using deep learning techniques. Though the number of COVID-19 images available is too small, it had no effect on the model as a whole as transfer learning-based feature extraction is implemented and SNN [1] mathematically could separate each data point. A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for CoronaVirus Disease (COVID-19) abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is pressurizing the healthcare systems across the globe and few of them are on the verge of failing. The detection of this virus as early as possible will help in contaminating the spread of it as the virus is mutating itself as fast as possible and currently there are about 4,300 strains of the virus according to the reports. Clinical studies have shown that most of the COVID-19 patients suffer from a lung infection similar to influenza. So, it is possible to diagnose lung infection using imaging techniques. Although a chest computed tomography (CT) scan has been shown to be an effective imaging technique for lung-related disease diagnosis, chest X-ray is more widely available across the hospitals due to its considerably lower cost and faster imaging time than CT scan. The advancements in the area of machine learning and pattern recognition has resulted in intelligent systems that analyze CT Scans or X-ray images and classify between pneumonia and normal patients. This paper proposes KE Sieve Neural Network architecture, which helps in the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. This architecture is achieving an accuracy of 98.49%. This noninvasive prediction method can assist the doctors in this pandemic and reduce the stress on health care systems. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.13.20174144v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174144 id: cord-124618-51235tn2 author: Said, Ahmed Ben title: Predicting COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional LSTM on multivariate time series date: 2020-09-10 words: 2571.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-124618-51235tn2.txt summary: Materials and Methods: This paper presents a deep learning approach to forecast the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network applied to multivariate time series. Unlike other forecasting techniques, our proposed approach first groups the countries having similar demographic and socioeconomic aspects and health sector indicators using K-Means clustering algorithm. The cumulative cases data for each clustered countries enriched with data related to the lockdown measures are fed to the Bidirectional LSTM to train the forecasting model. Conclusion: Using data of multiple countries in addition to lockdown measures improve accuracy of the forecast of daily cumulative COVID-19 cases. Our contribution consists of first grouping countries having similar demographic and socio-economic properties and health sector indicators then using COVID-19 data from each cluster to build the prediction model. The multivariate time series is used to train a deep learning Bi-LSTM network to forecast future cumulative number of cases. abstract: Background: To assist policy makers in taking adequate decisions to stop the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, accurate forecasting of the disease propagation is of paramount importance. Materials and Methods: This paper presents a deep learning approach to forecast the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network applied to multivariate time series. Unlike other forecasting techniques, our proposed approach first groups the countries having similar demographic and socioeconomic aspects and health sector indicators using K-Means clustering algorithm. The cumulative cases data for each clustered countries enriched with data related to the lockdown measures are fed to the Bidirectional LSTM to train the forecasting model. Results: We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by studying the disease outbreak in Qatar. Quantitative evaluation, using multiple evaluation metrics, shows that the proposed technique outperforms state-of-art forecasting approaches. Conclusion: Using data of multiple countries in addition to lockdown measures improve accuracy of the forecast of daily cumulative COVID-19 cases. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12325v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-307671-f9l2l8fi author: Said, Mohammed title: The Forgotten Element in the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Patient Consent! date: 2020-09-19 words: 2199.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307671-f9l2l8fi.txt summary: The aim was to assess their knowledge and expectations regarding bariatric surgery and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A total of 233 (87.6%) candidates believed that they were prone to a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 24.4% of them believed that bariatric surgery, during the pandemic, would improve their immunity. The present study aims to help in answering these questions through an assessment of patients'' concepts regarding bariatric surgery resumption after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following four questions assessed the patient opinion regarding bariatric surgery and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Bariatric teams need to ensure that candidates for surgery share the required knowledge regarding the methods of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and are willing to follow the protective measures. abstract: Safety comes first, and the sympathy with the postponed bariatric patients should not come at the expense of the proper standard of care. This study presents a survey of 266 bariatric candidates who were rescheduled for bariatric surgery after postponement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to assess their knowledge and expectations regarding bariatric surgery and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A total of 233 (87.6%) candidates believed that they were prone to a higher risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 24.4% of them believed that bariatric surgery, during the pandemic, would improve their immunity. A total of 27.8% of candidates attributed the responsibility regarding potential perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection to the medical personnel, and 10.7% of them believed it to be the surgeon’s responsibility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32949001/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04976-5 id: cord-265721-wmz3wywi author: Saini, Kamal S. title: Repurposing anticancer drugs for COVID-19-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy date: 2020-06-22 words: 1974.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265721-wmz3wywi.txt summary: Three cardinal manifestations of neoplasia, namely inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy are also seen in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a biological rationale for testing selected anticancer drugs for their ability to control the symptoms and/or modify the course of COVID-19. The pharmaceutical industry, contract research organisations (CROs), and academia have spent decades developing drugs for cancer-induced inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy; given that this triad is also seen in patients affected by COVID-19, it is reasonable to consider testing selected anticancer agents in a rational manner against this viral illness. abstract: Three cardinal manifestations of neoplasia, namely inflammation, immune dysfunction, and coagulopathy are also seen in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a biological rationale for testing selected anticancer drugs for their ability to control the symptoms and/or modify the course of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-0948-x doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0948-x id: cord-263301-7gw6a6nv author: Sakelliadis, Emmanouil I. title: Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Characteristics of Autopsy Cases in Greece. Comparison between 2019 and 2020 date: 2020-06-12 words: 2451.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263301-7gw6a6nv.txt summary: Frequency of fatal myocardial infarction seems to remain unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic while deaths resulting from road traffic accidents exhibit a significant decrease. Our study sample includes only cases which were referred for autopsy, that obviously account only for a small fraction of the total number of deaths in our area of jurisdiction during the previously specified time frame. Per directions of the National Organization for Public Health, suspected and confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were not submitted to medicolegal investigation, as all morgues in Greece are not suitably equipped to perform autopsies of highly contagious cases [16] . The rapid adoption of emergency measures in Greece, in all relevant sectors of life (health system, education, public safety, economy), prevented hospitals from being overwhelmed and allowed prompt and correct medical care of cases, not limited only to the COVID-19 outbreak. Frequency of fatal MI seems to remain unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic while deaths resulting from road traffic accidents exhibit a significant decrease. abstract: In order to reduce transmission of COVID-19, social distancing measures were proposed, including spatial distancing (2 m distance), or even generalized lockdown. Main concern was to prevent overwhelming of the healthcare systems, mainly of the intensive care units (ICUs) by decreasing the spreading of the disease. In Greece, the Government, after consulting with experts in the fields of infectious disease and epidemiology, implemented a rather aggressive stance with an early lockdown. Aim of our study, is to identify and compare the characteristics of cases referred for autopsy during the first month of the lockdown period for the COVID-19 outbreak, versus the cases referred during the same period in 2019. 231 autopsy cases were included in our study, 125 in 2019 and 106 in 2020. Regarding gender, age and nationality, no significant differences were detected between the two time periods. Age subgroup analysis demonstrated increased number of cases within the age group 70-79 years, in 2020. As to the place of death, the increase in the percentage of out-of-hospital deaths was not confirmed as statistically significant. Regarding type of death (violent, sudden/unexpected), the drop of violent deaths in the 2020 examined period, was not confirmed as statistically significant; however, further subgroup analysis showed a significant drop of fatal injuries resulting from road traffic accidents in the 2020 period. The slight increase of sudden/unexpected deaths, especially myocardial infarction cases, did not reach statistical significance. One month after lockdown, we cannot detect significant differences in the two time periods examined. Further study should be conducted soon when more data will become available. Frequency of fatal myocardial infarction seems to remain unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic while deaths resulting from road traffic accidents exhibit a significant decrease. Homicides and suicides remain at low levels, in our jurisdiction area, seemingly unaffected by the COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent lockdown. It appears that since sudden/unexpected deaths, statistically remain unaffected, the preventive measures taken by the Greek authorities prevented overwhelming of the healthcare system, which could function properly. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0379073820302279 doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110365 id: cord-287781-bvintr10 author: Sakka, Mehdi title: Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis date: 2020-05-27 words: 2499.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287781-bvintr10.txt summary: title: Association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and pooled analysis Abstract Background: Several observational studies have reported elevated baseline D-dimer levels in patients hospitalized for moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conclusions: Despite high heterogeneity across included studies, the present pooled analysis indicates that D-Dimer levels are significantly associated with the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. In a recent pooled analysis of 4 studies including 553 patients, baseline D-Dimer levels were associated with COVID-19 severity. [12, 13] In the present study, we reviewed all current available data on the association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in COVID-19 patients in order to assess the potential of D-dimer testing for predicting outcomes in patients admitted to hospital. [17] reported that D-Dimer levels were significantly associated with 28-days mortality (OR 1.058, 95 % CI 1.028-1.090; p<0.001) in a retrospective cohort of 449 patients with severe COVID-19 abstract: Abstract Background: Several observational studies have reported elevated baseline D-dimer levels in patients hospitalized for moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These elevated baseline D-dimer levels have been associated with disease severity and mortality in retrospective cohorts. Objectives: To review current available data on the association between D-Dimer levels and mortality in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic review of published studies using MEDLINE and EMBASE through 13 April 2020. Two authors independently screened all records and extracted the outcomes. A random effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Six original studies enrolling 1355 hospitalized patients with moderate to critical COVID-19 (391 in the non-survivor group and 964 in the survivor group) were considered for the final pooled analysis. When pooling together the results of these studies, D-Dimer levels were found to be higher in non-survivors than in-survivors. The SMD in D-Dimer levels between non-survivors and survivors was 3.59 µg/L (95% CI 2.79–4.40 µg/L), and the Z-score for overall effect was 8.74 (p < 0.00001), with a high heterogeneity across studies (I²=95%). Conclusions: Despite high heterogeneity across included studies, the present pooled analysis indicates that D-Dimer levels are significantly associated with the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Early integration of D-Dimer testing, which is a rapid, inexpensive, and easily accessible biological test, can be useful to better risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254245132030287X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2020.05.003 id: cord-339455-b8nu34vv author: Sakr, Yasser title: The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series date: 2020-09-25 words: 2403.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339455-b8nu34vv.txt summary: title: The clinical spectrum of pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: A European case series PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a potentially fatal complication that has been frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) [1] [2] [3] [4] . Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with coagulation abnormalities [4] [5] [6] [7] , which predispose to considerable procoagulant effects [4, 5, 8] . Another important observation in patient #1 was that the severe disease progression was associated with concomitant increases in IL-6, ferritin, and D-Dimer levels, which highlights the potential role of these markers for identifying severe cases of COVID-19 who may warrant a more meticulous diagnostic assessment to exclude the presence of PTE. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case series of five patients, representing the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 associated PTE. Patients were admitted to four hospitals in Germany, Italy, and France. Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test. RESULTS: The onset of PTE varied from 2 to 4 weeks after the occurrence of the initial symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and led to deterioration of the clinical picture in all cases. PTE was the primary reason for hospital admission after a 2-week period of self-isolation at home (1 patient) and hospital readmission after initial uncomplicated hospital discharge (2 patients). Three of the patients had no past history of clinically relevant risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Severe disease progression was associated with concomitant increases in IL-6, ferritin, and D-Dimer levels. The outcome from PTE was related to the extent of vascular involvement, and associated complications. CONCLUSION: PTE is a potential life-threatening complication, which occurs frequently in patients with COVID-19. Intermediate therapeutic dose of anticoagulants and extend thromboprophylaxis are necessary after meticulous risk-benefit assessment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.09.021 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.09.021 id: cord-291954-wormplcu author: Sakulkonkij, Parichart title: A family cluster of diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) kidney transplant recipient in Thailand date: 2020-08-08 words: 4424.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291954-wormplcu.txt summary: A novel betacoronavirus, the seventh member of coronaviruses, which is shown to infect humans and lately named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an ongoing outbreak of respiratory illness that began in December 2019 in China called coronavirus disease 2019 . On admission, a nasopharyngeal and throat swabs for SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a positive result, other laboratory findings included white blood cell count (WBC) 2480 cells/mm 3 , lymphocyte (L) 18%, neutrophil (N) 78%, and C-reactive protein (CRP) 62.7 mg/L. Although acute hypoxemic respiratory failure from COVID-19 in elderly and KT recipients in our cohort seemed to be prominent, early investigation in high-risk populations, prompt initiation of potential therapy, and intensive supportive care are important to prevent adverse consequences and mortality. Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes an ongoing outbreak of respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The clinical course could be ranging from mild to severe illness especially the individuals with an immunocompromised condition such as solid organ transplant recipients. METHOD: We described a family cluster of COVID‐19 patients who were admitted during 3rd April 2020 to 30th April 2020. COVID‐19 was confirmed by a presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 ribonucleic acid in the respiratory specimens detected by a qualitative, real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The study focused on the clinical course and management of our cases. RESULTS: A family cluster of four laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 patients, one of those carried an underlying kidney transplant (KT) receiving immunosuppressants. Clinical presentation and severity of our case series are variable depending on each individual immune status. By far, a KT recipient seems to develop more severity despite antiviral therapy, cessation of immunosuppressant, and aggressive intensive care support. CONCLUSION: Our case series plausibly affirmed a person‐to‐person transmission and potentially severe disease in the transplant population. Clinicians who are encountering with transplant recipients should be aware of possible transmission among family members. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32770646/ doi: 10.1002/iid3.337 id: cord-269511-bfd1dmt3 author: Salacup, Grace title: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID‐19 Patients in an Underserved‐Inner City Population: A Single Tertiary Center Cohort date: 2020-07-03 words: 3453.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269511-bfd1dmt3.txt summary: Multivariate logistic regression was Accepted Article used to look at the factors associated with inpatient mortality as primary outcome, and need for vasopressors, CRRT/HD, and mechanical ventilation as secondary outcomes. In this retrospective single center study, clinical characteristics were described, and risks factors were determined in association with inpatient death, need for intubation, need for CRRT/HD, and vasopressor use among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in an underserved minority population. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age as a continuous variable is significantly associated with inpatient mortality (p<0.001) with mean age higher amongst patient who died compared to those who survived (73 years old vs 64 years old; p<0.0001). Although African American patients, who were 70% of our study population, tended to have higher rates of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, there were no significant difference compared to other races (see Table S2 ). Patients in this study who received COVID-19 specific treatment (steroid, tocilizumab, and hydroxychloroquine) had poor clinical outcomes. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information describing the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) especially those in underserved urban area with minority population in the United States. METHODS: This is a retrospective single center study for patients who were admitted with COVID‐19 infection. Data collection was from March 1 through April 24,2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were presented using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine association of risk factors and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 242 inpatients were included with a mean age of 66 ±14.75 (±SD). 50% were female and 70% were African American. Comorbidities included hypertension (74%), diabetes mellitus (49%), and 19% had either COPD or asthma. Older age was associated with higher risk of inpatient death OR 1.056 [95% CI 1.023 to 1.090; p=0.001]. Inpatient mortality occurred in 70% who needed mechanical ventilation (OR: 29.51; 95% CI: 13.28‐65.60; p<0.0001), 58% who required continuous renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis (CRRT/HD) (OR: 6.63; 95% CI: 2.74‐16.05; p<0.0001), and 69% who needed vasopressors (OR: 30.64; 95% CI: 13.56 to 69.20; p<0.0001). Amongst biomarkers of disease severity, only baseline CRP levels (145±116 mg/L) were associated with mortality OR 1.008 [95% CI 1.003 to 1.012; p=0.002]. CONCLUSION: Majority of hospitalized patients had hypertension and diabetes. Older age was an independent risk factor for inpatient mortality. Requirement of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, and CRRT/HD were associated significantly with inpatient mortality. Higher baseline CRP was significantly associated with inpatient death. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32617986/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26252 id: cord-348806-yi9vbgwj author: Saladino, Valeria title: The Psychological and Social Impact of Covid-19: New Perspectives of Well-Being date: 2020-10-02 words: 4011.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348806-yi9vbgwj.txt summary: Research has highlighted the impact on psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers, who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. The following article has two focuses of interest: (1) the evaluation of the psychological and social effects of the pandemic on the population, mostly children, college students, and health professionals; and (2) the identification of new perspectives of intervention based on digital devices and in line with the social security measures and mental health promotion. One of the future goals of public and private psychological organizations should be the promotion of specific training for psychologists and psychotherapists, with the following aims: (1) developing the basic skills in managing the effects of a pandemic and of emergency situations; and (2) sensitizing patients to online therapeutic relationship, providing the main rules and benefits of the process (Stoll et al., 2020 ; Joint Task Force for the Development of Telepsychology Guidelines for Psychologists, 2013). abstract: The recent Covid-19 pandemic has had significant psychological and social effects on the population. Research has highlighted the impact on psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers, who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. The social distance and the security measures have affected the relationship among people and their perception of empathy toward others. From this perspective, telepsychology and technological devices assume important roles to decrease the negative effects of the pandemic. These tools present benefits that could improve psychological treatment of patients online, such as the possibility to meet from home or from the workplace, saving money and time and maintaining the relationship between therapists and patients. The aim of this paper is to show empirical data from recent studies on the effect of the pandemic and reflect on possible interventions based on technological tools. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684 id: cord-331765-pk0fr0a1 author: Salaffi, Fausto title: The role of a chest computed tomography severity score in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia date: 2020-10-16 words: 3571.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331765-pk0fr0a1.txt summary: The aim of this study was to investigate chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients in order to determine the optimal cut-off value of a CT severity score that can be considered a potential prognostic indicator of a severe/critical outcome. The study involved 165 COVID-19 patients (131 men [79.4%] and 34 women [20.6%] with a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.5 years), of whom 30 (18.2%) had severe/critical disease and 135 (81.8%) mild/typical disease. [24, 25] Like those of a number of recent studies, the findings of this study show that CT evidence of consolidation, a crazy-paving pattern, reticular opacity, interlobular septal thickening, air bronchogram, and extra-pulmonary lesions are imaging features of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia, [26] [27] [28] and their number and frequency make the total whole-lung severity score significantly higher in severe/critical cases. abstract: The chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients in order to determine the optimal cut-off value of a CT severity score that can be considered a potential prognostic indicator of a severe/critical outcome. The CT findings were evaluated by means of a severity score that included the extent (0–4 grading scale) and nature (0–4 grading scale) of CT abnormalities. The images were evaluated at 3 levels bilaterally. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the optimal score (Youden's index) predicting severe/critical COVID-19. The study involved 165 COVID-19 patients (131 men [79.4%] and 34 women [20.6%] with a mean age of 61.5 ± 12.5 years), of whom 30 (18.2%) had severe/critical disease and 135 (81.8%) mild/typical disease. The most frequent CT finding was bilateral predominantly subpleural and basilar airspace changes, with more extensive ground-glass opacities than consolidation. CT findings of consolidation, a crazy-paving pattern, linear opacities, air bronchogram, and extrapulmonary lesions correlated with severe/critical COVID-19. The mean CT severity score was 63.95 in the severe/critical group, and 35.62 in the mild/typical group (P < .001). ROC curve analysis showed that a CT severity score of 38 predicted the development of severe/critical symptoms. A CT severity score can help the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000022433 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022433 id: cord-337089-ksh62ni0 author: Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina title: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review date: 2020-09-21 words: 4901.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337089-ksh62ni0.txt summary: In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. However, based on recently published findings, other authors hypothesized that an immunological cross-protection between SARS-CoV-2 and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) exists due to the high homology between the spike protein epitopes of the two taxonomicallyrelated coronaviruses [21] . The objective of the present study was to gather, present, and discuss information on the reported cases of COVID-19 in animals focusing on the virus transmission cases in pets and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. abstract: COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal–human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32957995/ doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02534-2 id: cord-329863-r2vqsg5r author: Salamanna, Francesca title: Overt and non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation and the potential role of heparin in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak date: 2020-10-16 words: 2771.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329863-r2vqsg5r.txt summary: reviewing the data on coagulation abnormalities that occur in patients with COVID-19 suggested that this association is a consequence of the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection that leads to thrombo-inflammation and drives thrombosis. 22, 23 The screening and diagnosis of non-overt DIC in patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 disease could be of key importance in order to optimize treatment and also prevent the organ failure representative of the most severe form of COVID-19. Since, as previously reported, COVID-19 is frequently complicated by coagulopathy and different forms of DIC can occur in patients, an active application of anticoagulants, such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), for patients with severe COVID-19 has been recommended by some expert consensus in China. Concerning the therapeutic use of LMWH in the presence of the most serious form of systemic activation of coagulation, DIC, or, more generally, for the treatment of specific hematological and/or clinical manifestation in patients with COVID-19, to date, there are still incomplete data and significant uncertainties with regard to safety. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2040620720951655 doi: 10.1177/2040620720951655 id: cord-321784-nubu5fuz author: Salazar, E. title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston, Texas date: 2020-05-13 words: 3560.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321784-nubu5fuz.txt summary: Patients were transfused with convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and had been symptom free for 14 days. At day 7 post-transfusion with convalescent plasma, nine patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical scale, and seven of those were discharged. 22 We performed the present study to provide additional data on these initial clinical observations of patients'' clinical course and subsequent improvement after receiving convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19. Although our study has limitations, the data indicate that transfusion of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease. Our study was performed to evaluate the safety and potential benefit of transfusing convalescent plasma to patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Outcomes from this case series of 25 patients indicates that administration of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease. abstract: Background: COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally, and no proven treatments are available. Convalescent plasma therapy has been used with varying degrees of success to treat severe microbial infections for more than 100 years. Methods: Patients (n=25) with severe and/or life-threatening COVID-19 disease were enrolled at the Houston Methodist hospitals from March 28 to April 14, 2020. Patients were transfused with convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and had been symptom free for 14 days. The primary study outcome was safety, and the secondary outcome was clinical status at day 14 post-transfusion. Clinical improvement was assessed based on a modified World Health Organization 6-point ordinal scale and laboratory parameters. Viral genome sequencing was performed on donor and recipient strains. Results: At baseline, all patients were receiving supportive care, including anti-inflammatory and anti-viral treatments, and all patients were on oxygen support. At day 7 post-transfusion with convalescent plasma, nine patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical scale, and seven of those were discharged. By day 14 post-transfusion, 19 (76%) patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical status and 11 were discharged. No adverse events as a result of plasma transfusion were observed. The whole genome sequencing data did not identify a strain genotype-disease severity correlation. Conclusions: The data indicate that administration of convalescent plasma is a safe treatment option for those with severe COVID-19 disease. Randomized, controlled trials are needed to determine its efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20095471 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20095471 id: cord-274860-7ec2jcoq author: Salazar, Eric title: Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG date: 2020-11-04 words: 4738.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274860-7ec2jcoq.txt summary: title: Significantly decreased mortality in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients transfused early with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG We recently reported results from interim analysis of a propensity-score matched study suggesting that early treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG significantly decreases mortality. In the aggregate, the analysis confirms and extends our previous preliminary finding that transfusion of COVID-19 patients soon after hospitalization with high titer anti-spike protein RBD IgG present in convalescent plasma significantly reduces mortality. In our previous study, interim analysis revealed that, relative to matched controls, patients transfused with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG within 72 hrs of hospital admission had significantly reduced mortality at 28 days post-transfusion. The data confirm our previous findings that transfusion of patients soon after hospital admission with high titer anti-spike protein RBD IgG present in convalescent plasma significantly decreases mortality. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma has emerged as a promising therapy and has been granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We recently reported results from interim analysis of a propensity-score matched study suggesting that early treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma containing high titer anti-spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG significantly decreases mortality. We here present results from 60-day follow up of our cohort of 351 transfused hospitalized patients. Prospective determination of ELISA anti-RBD IgG titer facilitated selection and transfusion of the highest titer units available. Retrospective analysis by the Ortho VITROS IgG assay revealed a median signal/cutoff (S/C) ratio of 24.0 for transfused units, a value far exceeding the recently FDA-required cutoff of 12.0 for designation of high titer convalescent plasma. With respect to altering mortality, our analysis identified an optimal window of 44 hours post-hospitalization for transfusing COVID-19 patients with high titer convalescent plasma. In the aggregate, the analysis confirms and extends our previous preliminary finding that transfusion of COVID-19 patients soon after hospitalization with high titer anti-spike protein RBD IgG present in convalescent plasma significantly reduces mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33157066/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.008 id: cord-263993-gbbkcwo7 author: Salazar, Leonardo Alberto title: CONSENSO ECMO COLOMBIANO PARA PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADA A COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 6719.0 sentences: 606.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263993-gbbkcwo7.txt summary: Resultados: EL CONSENSO COLOMBIANO PARA UN PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADO a COVID-19 proporciona un resumen de la evidencia sobre el uso de membranas de oxigenación extracorpórea en insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica aguda grave asociada con la infección SARS CoV-2, dando recomendaciones sobre sus indicaciones, Contraindicaciones, consideraciones y la implementación del grupo ECMOred Colombia. El grupo ECMOred Colombia brinda accesoria y consulta telefónica dirigida de forma central y coordinada con el centro de ECMO de influencia en la región donde se requiera, y de acuerdo a la demanda de esta tecnología, ayuda en la gestión de la remisión al centro ECMO y/o definir como puede llevarse a cabo el mejor proceso para contar con un equipo de transporte en ECMO que pueda ir a la institución donde se encuentra el paciente para iniciar la terapia en la Unidad de cuidado intensivo y ser trasladado al centro ECMO más cercano para aquellos pacientes con COVID 19 y síndrome de dificultad respiratorio aguda grave refractaria al manejo y/o con choque asociado a disfunción miocárdica. abstract: Antecedentes y objetivos: la epidemia de COVID-19 ha creado un desafío sin precedentes en el sistema de salud, generando una demanda creciente. Alrededor del 5% de los pacientes diagnosticados con esta infección requieren ingreso a cuidados intensivos principalmente para soporte ventilatorio con ventilación mecánica por un síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda de moderado a grave. Las mortalidades reportadas pueden ser muy altas. Los dos principales Las causas de muerte en esta infección son la hipoxemia refractaria asociada al SDRA y el shock con insuficiencia orgánica múltiple. La oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) se ha utilizado en pacientes con hipoxemia refractaria sin respuesta a manejo con ventilación mecánica protectora, ventilación en posición prono y relajación muscular⁠⁠. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda considerar ECMO en pacientes adultos y pediátricos con COVID-19 y Síndrome de Dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) refractaria, si hay un equipo de expertos disponible. Métodos: se utilizó la metodología de consenso formal para generar el Consenso ECMO en la infección SARS CoV-2 con la mejor evidencia disponible. El desarrollo del consenso combina las técnicas de selección, síntesis, evaluación y gradación de la evidencia: formulación de la pregunta PICO, Estrategias de búsqueda sistemática y técnicas de síntesis (metaanálisis). La evaluación de la calidad de la evidencia y la graduación de la fuerza de las recomendaciones se realizó con la estrategia GRADE, generando al final recomendaciones a los tópicos más relevantes del manejo del paciente con COVID-19 candidato a ECMO y por técnica de consenso formal (Delphi). Resultados: EL CONSENSO COLOMBIANO PARA UN PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADO a COVID-19 proporciona un resumen de la evidencia sobre el uso de membranas de oxigenación extracorpórea en insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica aguda grave asociada con la infección SARS CoV-2, dando recomendaciones sobre sus indicaciones, Contraindicaciones, consideraciones y la implementación del grupo ECMOred Colombia. Conclusiones: el consenso colombiano de ECMO es un documento de guía y consulta para el manejo de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave refractaria y disfunción cardiovascular asociada con COVID-19 candidatos para ECMO. Background and objectives: The COVID-19 epidemic has created an unprecedented challenge in the health system, generating increasing demand. About 5% of diagnosed patients require intensive care admissions primarily for support with mechanical ventilation for a moderate to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The reported mortalities can be very high. The two main causes of death in this type of infection are refractory hypoxemia associated to ARD and, shock with multiple organ failure. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has been used in patients with refractory hypoxemia and no response to management with protective ventilation, prone ventilation, and muscle relaxation⁠⁠. The World Health Organization recommends considering ECMO in adult and pediatric patients with COVID-19 and severe refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), if an expert team is available. Methods: The formal consensus methodology was used to generate the ECMO Consensus in the SARS CoV-2 infection with the best available evidence. The development of the consensus combined the techniques of selection, synthesis, evaluation and gradation of the evidence: formulation of the PICO question, systematic search strategies, synthesis techniques (meta-analysis). The evaluation of the quality of the evidence and the grading of the strength of the recommendations was carried out with the GRADE strategy. Results: The COLOMBIAN ECMO CONSENSUS FOR A PATIENT WITH SERIOUS RESPIRATORY FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19 provides a summary of the evidence of the use of extracorporeal oxygenation membranes in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure associated with this SARS CoV-2 infection, giving recommendations on its indications. Contraindications, considerations and the implementation of the ECMOred Colombia group. Conclusions: The Colombian ECMO Consensus is a consultation and guide document for the management of patients with refractory severe acute respiratory failure and cardiovascular dysfunction associated with COVID-19 candidates for ECMO. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0122726220300811 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.001 id: cord-289188-hf9sh9vs author: Salazar, M. R. title: EFFECT OF CONVALESCENT PLASMA ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 PNEUMONIA date: 2020-10-09 words: 3044.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289188-hf9sh9vs.txt summary: Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: medRxiv preprint administered early in the course of COVID-19 [14] [15] .Convalescent plasma is currently being evaluated in 126 clinical trials [16] . Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to compare the epidemiological characteristics, outcomes and independent predictors of mortality among patients who received convalescent plasma and those who did not receive it, who were admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. The main finding of our study was that the administration of convalescent plasma to patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with a decrease of 24.4% in adjusted mortality. abstract: Abstract Background Convalescent plasma, widely utilized in viral infections that induce neutralizing antibodies, has been proposed for COVID-19, and preliminary evidence shows that it might have beneficial effect. Our objective was to compare epidemiological characteristics and outcomes between patients who received convalescent plasma for COVID-19 and those who did not, admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, throughout the pandemic. Methods This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 2-month duration beginning on June 1, 2020, including unselected, consecutive adult patients with diagnosed COVID-19, admitted to 215 hospitals with pneumonia. Epidemiological and clinical variables were registered in the Provincial Hospital Bed Management System. Convalescent plasma was supplied as part of a centralized, expanded access program. Results We analyzed 3,529 patients with pneumonia, predominantly male, aged 62{+/-}17, with arterial hypertension and diabetes as main comorbidities; 51.4% were admitted to the ward, 27.1% to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and 21.7% to the ICU with mechanical ventilation requirement (ICU-MV). 28-day mortality was 34.9%; and was 26.3%, 30.1% and 61.4% for ward, ICU and ICU-MV patients. Convalescent plasma was administered to 868 patients (24.6%); their 28-day mortality was significantly lower (25.5% vs. 38.0%, p<0.001). No major adverse effects occurred. Logistic regression analysis identified age, ICU admission with and without MV requirement, diabetes and preexistent cardiovascular disease as independent predictors of 28-day mortality, whereas convalescent plasma administration acted as a protective factor. Conclusions Our study suggests that the administration of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the hospital might be associated with decreased mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20202606 id: cord-343333-4krrmjio author: Salazar, Martín title: COVID-19, Hipertensión y Enfermedad cardiovascular date: 2020-06-18 words: 2412.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343333-4krrmjio.txt summary: Las comunicaciones provenientes de China en el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 mostraron una marcada asociación de los casos severos y la mortalidad con la edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la diabetes. Las estimaciones de China coinciden con estos datos: que mientras la mortalidad sin comorbilidades fue de 0,9%, se incrementó a 10,5% con enfermedad Page 4 of 13 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 4 cardiovascular, 6,3% con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, 6% con hipertensión arterial y 5,6% con cáncer. En el reporte Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), con datos al 28 de marzo, 78% de los pacientes internados en terapia intensiva por COVID-19 tenían comorbilidades, las más frecuentes eran la enfermedad cardiovascular (29%) y la enfermedad pulmonar crónica (21%). peor evolución del COVID-19, encontrando que la prevalencia de esta patología entre quienes fallecen o requieren cuidados críticos debido a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 es elevada, rondando entre un 7,5 y 39,5%, según los distintos reportes. abstract: Resumen La asociación entre patología cardiovascular y mala evolución de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 resulta llamativa. Estudios publicados en diferentes países muestran que la hipertensión, diabetes, enfermedad cerebrovascular y cardiopatía isquémica son marcadamente más frecuentes en aquellos pacientes que requieren cuidados críticos o fallecen por COVID-19. Un posible nexo causal sería el daño y disfunción miocárdica producidos por el SARS-CoV-2, evidenciado en los frecuentes hallazgos de elevación de la troponina y anormalidades electrocardiográficas. Por otra parte, existen hipótesis a favor y en contra de un posible efecto deletéreo de los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora y los bloqueantes del receptor de angiotensina 2 en esta patología, no habiendo actualmente evidencia sólida que respalde contundentemente una u otra, resultando impostergable la necesidad de estudios que diluciden este interrogante. Los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular deberían evitar especialmente la exposición al SARS-CoV-2, no automedicarse y consultar rápidamente ante la aparición de síntomas. Abstract The association between hypertension, diabetes, cardio and cerebrovascular disease and severe and fatal COVID-19, described in different countries, is remarkable. Myocardial damage and myocardial dysfunction are postulated as a possible causal nexus. Frequent findings of elevated troponin levels and electrocardiographic anomalies support this concept. On the other hand, hypotheses in favour and against a deleterious effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, a usual treatment for cardiovascular disease, have been raised. There is currently no solid evidence and thus properly designed studies on this subject are urgently needed. In this context, patients with cardiovascular disease should especially avoid being exposed to the virus, should not self-medicate and rapidly seek medical advice should they show symptoms of infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591283/ doi: 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.06.003 id: cord-318390-uuz37610 author: Saleem, Tayyaba title: COVID-19 containment and its unrestrained impact on epilepsy management in resource-limited areas of Pakistan date: 2020-09-25 words: 2926.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318390-uuz37610.txt summary: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. The present study was aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the management strategy of low literate caregivers of patients living in resource-limited areas of Pakistan, one of the active hotspots of the pandemic. abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that led to an unprecedented crisis with significant health, social, and economic repercussions presented more serious concerns for those living with some chronic conditions such as epilepsy. This study was aimed to find out impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on management of epilepsy. A cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews, targeting 213 caregivers of pediatric patients with epilepsy, belonging to underserved areas of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A simple questionnaire was designed to record the responses of participants relevant to the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic and their knowledge about possible ways that can be accessed for the management of epilepsy during an ongoing pandemic. The current study, which holds 77% of the respondents from rural areas and 23% from urban settings, showed that partial measures of lockdown taken to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19 resulted in adverse economic and health outcomes in the said population including cancelation of follow-up visits, worsening of seizures, job loss, burden of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) costs, and discontinuation of medicines. Furthermore, knowledge about alternative ways to access health facilities was found very poor among caregivers. Income sources of poor people disrupted by lockdown can lead to unintentional nonadherence to medication, which is a clear picture of inequitable distribution of resources. This study highlights the major issues faced by the caregivers during this ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107476 id: cord-331030-3icwei3e author: Saleknezhad, N. title: COVID-19 and heart medications: What''s the connection? date: 2020-08-26 words: 2728.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331030-3icwei3e.txt summary: Aim: To determine association between clinical outcome of COVID-19 and prior usage of cardiovascular and metabolic drugs, including, Aspirin, ACEIs, ARBs, Clopidogrel, metformin, and Statins. Therefore, we conducted a study based on our registry of COVID-19 patients to evaluate the effect of those drugs, which are widely used in chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease, on the clinical outcome and mortality rate of the patients inflicted with the novel coronavirus. With regards to the clinical manifestations of the disease it is noteworthy that, as our data suggests, previous use of aspirin is correlated with decreased level of consciousness upon admission (p < 0.05), and on the other hand, patients who were under treatment with ACEIs are more probable to be symptom-free (p < 0.05). The outcome of patients, including mortality, ventilation requirement and ICU admission showed no correlation with receiving ARBs, ACEIs, statins, or Clopidogrel. abstract: Aim: To determine association between clinical outcome of COVID-19 and prior usage of cardiovascular and metabolic drugs, including, Aspirin, ACEIs, ARBs, Clopidogrel, metformin, and Statins. Methods: Statistical examination of the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 353 patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease admitted from February to April 2020. Result: Minor discrepancies were observed in the clinical presentations, radiologic involvement and laboratory results across groups of patients under treatment with specific drugs. Aspirin-users had better clinical outcome with lower need of ventilation support, whereas, metformin-users had increased chance of intubation and of mortality. Conclusion: Although not being conclusive, our findings suggest the possibility of the effect of previous drug usages on the various presentations and clinical course of COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.20174367 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20174367 id: cord-292312-cwrqorn1 author: Sales, M. J. T. title: Fernando de Noronha: how an island controlled the community transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil date: 2020-10-27 words: 4329.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292312-cwrqorn1.txt summary: Conclusion: Despite high levels of COVID-19 in Pernambuco, continued exposure through the provision of essential services from the mainland, and lack of direction from national authorities, FNA was able to implement a series of prevention measures unique in Brazil that contained the epidemic on the island. These included imposing a lockdown, promoting physical distancing and providing emergency assistance to the neediest families; enhancing testing for Sars-Cov-2, including monitoring of arriving travelers, restricting access to the island and the initiation of the cohort study described here to estimate the incidence and prevalence of Covid-19. First we reviewed data extracted from the following sources: 1) demographic and socioeconomic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 8 ; 2) state and district decrees and 4 ordinances; 3) number of cases and deaths from COVID-19 reported by the Pernambuco State Health Department; 4) flights and passengers from the National Aviation Agency 5 ; and 5) information provided by local authorities and residents. abstract: Introduction: Fernando Noronha (FNA) is a small Brazilian archipelago in the Atlantic, part of the state of Pernambuco that COVID-19 has decimated. Anticipating the worst from the pandemic, Island and state authorities implemented a series of public health actions to contain the epidemic. This paper, reporting the results of the first wave of a cohort study, documents the measures and their effects through a cohort study. Methods: Measures were documented at the time of implementation. A random sample of 904 residents were selected from the health register, interviewed and tested for COVID-19 (RT-PCR and serology). The survey explored socioeconomic variables and adherence to prevention behaviors. Results: Flights were reduced from 38 to once a week, FNA was closed to tourism, schools were closed, and testing and tracing contacts was mandated along with social distancing and use of masks. A household lockdown was briefly imposed for residents. A prevalence of 5.1% was found, and a total of 158 cases of COVID-19 was estimated, although only 28 had been reported in routine surveillance. Half of the population reported food insecurity and applied for government COVID-19 benefits. Adherence to control measures was high, except for intrahousehold mask use with family and friends. Conclusion: Despite high levels of COVID-19 in Pernambuco, continued exposure through the provision of essential services from the mainland, and lack of direction from national authorities, FNA was able to implement a series of prevention measures unique in Brazil that contained the epidemic on the island. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.22.20216010v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.22.20216010 id: cord-285484-owpnhplk author: Salfi, F. title: Changes of evening exposure to electronic devices during the COVID-19 lockdown affect the time course of sleep disturbances date: 2020-10-21 words: 3936.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285484-owpnhplk.txt summary: We investigated the relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep disturbances during the home confinement period due to COVID-19. Results: Participants who increased electronic device usage showed decreased sleep quality, exacerbated insomnia symptoms, reduced sleep duration, higher sleep onset latency, and delayed bedtime and rising time. 33, 34 Based on this evidence, the present study aimed to shed light on the relationship between the longitudinal changes of sleep disturbances between the third and the seventh week of home confinement in Italy and the retrospectively reported modifications of the exposure to electronic devices before falling asleep during the same lockdown period. In the present study, we showed a strong relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep parameters during the COVID-19 lockdown. abstract: Study Objectives: During the COVID-19 lockdown, there was a worldwide increase in electronic devices' daily usage. The exposure to backlit screens before falling asleep leads to negative consequences on sleep health through its influence on the circadian system. We investigated the relationship between the changes in evening screen exposure and the time course of sleep disturbances during the home confinement period due to COVID-19. Methods: 2123 Italians were longitudinally tested during the third and the seventh week of lockdown. The web-based survey evaluated sleep quality and insomnia symptoms through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity Index. During the second assessment, respondents reported the changes in the backlit screen exposure in the two hours before falling asleep. Results: Participants who increased electronic device usage showed decreased sleep quality, exacerbated insomnia symptoms, reduced sleep duration, higher sleep onset latency, and delayed bedtime and rising time. In this subgroup, the prevalence of poor sleepers and clinical insomniacs increased. Conversely, respondents reporting decreased screen exposure exhibited improved sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. In this subgroup, the prevalence of poor sleepers and clinical insomniacs decreased. Respondents preserving their screen time habits did not show any change in the sleep parameters. Conclusions: Our investigation demonstrated a strong relationship between the modifications of the evening electronic device usage and the time course of sleep disturbances during the lockdown period. Interventions to raise public awareness about the risks of excessive exposure to backlit screens are necessary to prevent sleep disturbances and foster well-being during the home confinement due to COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.20.20215756v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20215756 id: cord-294427-6eiligyy author: Salimi, Ali title: The North American Layman''s Understanding of COVID-19: Are We Doing Enough? date: 2020-07-03 words: 5699.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294427-6eiligyy.txt summary: Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, an online survey targeted to North Americans focused on the public''s knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and precautionary behaviors taken in response to this pandemic. The results of this study highlight that this relatively young and educated sample of North Americans had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and a large proportion of them were taking the precautionary measures against this pandemic. To that end, this study aimed to compare and contrast the level of knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary measures taken in response to COVID-19, between populations of the United States of America (US) and Canada. To date, the US has reported the highest rate of COVID-19 positive cases in the world and therefore, by understanding the public''s attitude and risk perception toward the current pandemic, we hope to provide valuable information to help develop adequate populationtailored communication protocols that are effective in disease prevention and containment. abstract: Background: In the absence of an effective vaccine, public health policies are aimed at awareness, and education of the general public in order to contain the quickly spreading COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the recommended precautionary measures are dependent on human behaviors and therefore their effectiveness largely depends on peoples' perception and attitudes toward the disease. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary measures taken in response to COVID-19 in North America. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, an online survey targeted to North Americans focused on the public's knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and precautionary behaviors taken in response to this pandemic. Descriptive analyses were performed for the whole population and the subgroup analyses contrasted the differences between Americans and Canadians. Results: The cohort comprised 1,264 relatively young participants with an average age of 28.6 ± 9.8 years. The vast majority (>90%) were knowledgeable about COVID-19. Regarding risk perception, about a quarter assumed to be at less risk to contract the disease, and 42.8% considered themselves to be less contagious than others. While the vast majority avoided performing risky behaviors, only a small proportion (13.2%) wore a face mask—which is in line with the public health recommendations of the two countries at the time of data collection. Overall, a larger proportion of Canadian participants (55.8%) were satisfied with the performance of their national public health in response to the current pandemic, compared to their American counterparts (12.2%). Discussion: Data regarding the public's knowledge of COVID-19, risk perception, and behaviors in response to this pandemic is limited. The results of this study highlight that this relatively young and educated sample of North Americans had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and a large proportion of them were taking the precautionary measures against this pandemic. However, a significant number of individuals believe to be at less risk of contracting the disease compared to the general population. Educating the public that no one is safe from this disease, could play a role in further limiting risky behaviors and ultimately facilitating disease containment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719768/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00358 id: cord-318332-krgsd5z3 author: Sallam, M. title: COVID-19 misinformation: mere harmless delusions or much more? A knowledge and attitude cross-sectional study among the general public residing in Jordan date: 2020-07-15 words: 5165.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318332-krgsd5z3.txt summary: Abstract Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease. The results of the current study clearly delineate the existence of an association between misinformation about COVID-19 and the combination of higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease among the public in Jordan. An association was seen between belief in the role of conspiracies, biological warfare, and 5G networks in the origin and spread of the disease with lower levels of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and higher level of anxiety. abstract: Abstract Since the emergence of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread as a pandemic, media was teeming with misinformation that led to psychologic, social and economic consequences among the global public. Probing knowledge and anxiety regarding this novel infectious disease is necessary to identify gaps and sources of misinformation which can help public health efforts to design and implement more focused interventional measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and effects of misinformation about COVID-19 on anxiety level among the general public residing in Jordan. An online survey was used that targeted people aged 18 and above and residing in Jordan. The questionnaire included items on the following: demographic characteristics of the participants, knowledge about COVID-19, anxiety level and misconceptions regarding the origin of the pandemic. The total number of participants included in final analysis was 3150. The study population was predominantly females (76.0%), with mean age of 31 years. The overall knowledge of COVID-19 was satisfactory. Older age, male gender, lower monthly income and educational levels, smoking and history of chronic disease were associated with perceiving COVID-19 as a very dangerous disease. Variables that were associated with a higher anxiety level during the pandemic included: lower monthly income and educational level, residence outside the capital (Amman) and history of smoking. Misinformation about the origin of the pandemic (being part of a conspiracy, biologic warfare and the 5G networks role) was also associated with higher anxiety and lower knowledge about the disease. Social media platforms, TV and news releases were the most common sources of information about the pandemic. The study showed the potential harmful effects of misinformation on the general public and emphasized the need to meticulously deliver timely and accurate information about the pandemic to lessen the health, social and psychological impact of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.20152694 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20152694 id: cord-335203-reek3z4e author: Salman, M. title: The psychological effects of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers and how they are coping: a web-based, cross-sectional study from Pakistan date: 2020-06-05 words: 3116.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335203-reek3z4e.txt summary: The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Brief-COPE were used to assess anxiety, depression and coping strategies of the respondents. In the present study, respondents'' achieving score ≥ 10 on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were considered as having anxiety and depression, respectively. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Independent t-test and ANOVA test were performed, where applicable, to compare difference of anxiety, depression and coping strategies scores among demographic variables. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Similar to findings of recently published studies [18, 19] , stressors related to COVID-19 in our respondents included fear of getting infected with the deadly virus and transmitting it to their family members, poor relationship between family/relatives/friends and them induced by COVID-19, worry about public not complying with disease control measures, fear that the disease will not be controlled and persist in the country for a very long time, shortage of protective equipment, and apprehension over large-scale COVID-19 diagnostic testing not being done. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 1 : Anxiety and depression assessments based on respondents'' demographics *P-value < 0.05; **P-value < 0.01; † P-value ≤ 0.001; One-way ANOVA was applied for three or more groups. abstract: Background: High level stress is expected when crises starts affecting people's lives and communities which is witnessed in the past epidemics. Infectious diseases outbreaks like the ongoing COVID19 pandemic have negative impact on healthcare workers' (HCWs) mental health, which needs to be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline HCWs and their coping strategies. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Brief-COPE were used to assess anxiety, depression and coping strategies of the respondents. Results: The mean age of respondents (N = 398) was 28.67 {+/-} 4.15 years, with majority of medical doctors (52%). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 21.4% and 21.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference of anxiety and depression scores among doctors, nurses and pharmacists. Females had significantly higher anxiety (p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.001) scores than males. Moreover, HCWs performing duties in COVID-19 ICU had significantly higher anxiety score than those from isolation wards (p = 0.020) and other departments (p = 0.014). Depression, not anxiety, score were higher among those who did not receive the infection prevention training. Most frequently adopted coping strategy was religious coping (5.98 {+/-} 1.73) followed by acceptance (5.59 {+/-} 1.55) and coping planning (4.91 {+/-} 1.85). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of HCWs are having generalized anxiety and depression during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings call for interventions to mitigate mental health risks in HCWs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20119867 id: cord-325988-of3exw6a author: Salman, Muhammad title: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations date: 2020-05-09 words: 2542.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325988-of3exw6a.txt summary: title: Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of two Pakistani university populations. CONCLUSION: Pakistani university students and employees have good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, but unsatisfactory preventive practices. As there is no vaccine or approved cure for COVID-19, it is of immense importance that the public have good knowledge about the individual measures (physical distancing, proper hand hygiene, use of a face mask and respiratory etiquette) that will serve as the first line of defense against this disease. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of COVID-19 among Pakistani university students and employees. Pakistani university students and employees have satisfactory knowledge and attitudes to COVID-19, however their preventive practices related to the disease are inadequate. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of two Pakistani university populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students and employees of two higher education institutions in Lahore, Pakistan, namely the University of Lahore and the Gulab Devi Educational Complex. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method. A validated 45-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Total possible scores were 0–14 for knowledge (scores < 7, 7–10 and > 10 were considered to indicate poor, moderate and good knowledge, respectively); 0–7 for attitude (scores > 5 were considered to indicate a good attitude); and 0–18 for COVID-19 preventative practices (scores > 12 were considered to indicate good preventative practices). RESULTS: Of the 417 enrolled participants, 416 reported that they were aware of COVID-19 and social media was the major source of their information. Mean scores were 10.12 ± 2.20 for knowledge (good, moderate and poor knowledge in 50.2%, 42.8% and 7.0% of participants, respectively); 5.74 ± 1.28 for attitude (65.4% of individuals had a positive attitude); and 11.04 ± 3.34 for COVID-19 preventative practices (only 36.5% of participants had good preventive practices). CONCLUSION: Pakistani university students and employees have good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, but unsatisfactory preventive practices. Therefore, health regulators should use multiple communication approaches, such as electronic, print and social media, phone messages, etc., to increase awareness and improve practices related to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395069/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00737-7 id: cord-310293-0s7l0l4k author: Salman, Saima title: Inter-hospital communication and transfer practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan. A brief overview date: 2020-05-17 words: 1481.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310293-0s7l0l4k.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the referral mechanisms established for safe and expeditious inter-facility transfer of COVID 19 positive patients to ensure their referrals through establishing proper communication channels. RESULT: The establishment of these groups has been successful in ensuring referral to and from The Indus Hospital to various healthcare facilities across Karachi using appropriate ambulance services. 2, 3 With Pakistan facing double burden of disease under normal environmental conditions and total expenditure on health just 2.6% of the Gross domestic product (GDP), the situation calls for a wise utilization of existing resources and prompt decision making on part of healthcare officials in Emergency departments (ED) as well as inpatient admissions. Keeping in mind the problems related to referrals of COVID 19 patients with our limited resources and challenges in Karachi, mobile phone and WhatsApp based groups called, "COVID unit Coordination" and a subgroup "COVID Karachi Daily updates", were established that became operational on 20 April, 2020, with six hospitals on board. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the referral mechanisms established for safe and expeditious inter-facility transfer of COVID 19 positive patients to ensure their referrals through establishing proper communication channels. METHODS: Mobile phone and WhatsApp based groups, administrated by The Indus Hospital were established in April 2020. Through detailed reports and frequent communication, factors like bed and ventilator availability across these facilities are shared. Weekly reports through zoom meetings updating the key stake holders, discussion of problems faced and planning for the week ahead are also done. RESULT: The establishment of these groups has been successful in ensuring referral to and from The Indus Hospital to various healthcare facilities across Karachi using appropriate ambulance services. CONCLUSION: The development of referral mechanisms is the need of the day that has been highlighted through the COVID 19 pandemic. It is our hope that these mechanisms are sustained after the pandemic and result in improvement in patient outcome through proper referrals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582328/ doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2803 id: cord-268662-mw8ec7u2 author: Salton, Francesco title: Prolonged low-dose methylprednisolone in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-12 words: 4402.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268662-mw8ec7u2.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. [6] We hypothesized that early MP treatment in hypoxemic patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia at higher risk for ARF progression requiring invasive MV, may quicken disease resolution, reducing the need for ICU support and mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of both the primary composite endpoint and all-cause death, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), taking into account the confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, and baseline values of SOFA score, PaO 2 :FiO 2 , CRP levels) potentially associated with the outcome. In our multicenter study, patients exposed to MP encountered the primary composite endpoint of ICU referral, need for invasive MV or in-hospital all-cause death significantly less compared to the control group (adjusted HR 0.41). abstract: BACKGROUND: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, progression to acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe dysregulated systemic inflammation is the putative mechanism. We hypothesize that early prolonged methylprednisolone (MP) treatment could accelerate disease resolution, decreasing the need for ICU and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, observational study to explore the association between exposure to prolonged, low-dose, MP treatment and need for ICU referral, intubation or death within 28 days (composite primary endpoint) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Italian respiratory high-dependency units. Secondary outcomes were invasive MV-free days and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS: Findings are reported as MP (n=83) vs. control (n=90). The composite primary endpoint was met by 19 vs. 40 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.72]. Transfer to ICU and need for invasive MV was necessary in 15 vs. 27 (p=0.07) and 14 vs. 26 (p=0.10), respectively. By day 28, the MP group had fewer deaths (6 vs. 21, adjusted HR=0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.73) and more days off invasive MV (24.0 ± 9.0 vs. 17.5 ± 12.8; p=0.001). Study treatment was associated with rapid improvement in PaO(2):FiO(2) and CRP levels. The complication rate was similar for the two groups (p=0.84). CONCLUSION: In patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, early administration of prolonged MP treatment was associated with a significantly lower hazard of death (71%) and decreased ventilator dependence. Treatment was safe and did not impact viral clearance. A large RCT (RECOVERY trial) has been performed that validates these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04323592 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072814/ doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa421 id: cord-319408-841c0g1c author: Salvatore, Christine M title: Neonatal management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation cohort study date: 2020-07-23 words: 4636.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319408-841c0g1c.txt summary: [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] We aimed to follow up neonates born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 at time of delivery, to elucidate best practices regarding infection control and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. For this observational cohort study, we identified all neonates born between March 22 and May 17, 2020, at New York Presbyterian-Komansky Children''s Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Lower Manhattan Hospital, and New York Presbyterian-Queens in New York City to mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from a nasopharyngeal swab sample at the time of delivery. Data collected included demographics, neonatal and maternal clinical presentation at time of delivery, during hospit alisation, and once discharged, microbiology results (SARS-CoV-2 rtPCR testing), and infection control practices in the hospital and at home. abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of vertical and perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19), the most appropriate management, and the neonate's risk of developing COVID-19 during the perinatal period are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate best practices regarding infection control in mother–newborn dyads, and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we identified all neonates born between March 22 and May 17, 2020, at three New York Presbyterian Hospitals in New York City (NY, USA) to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 at delivery. Mothers could practice skin-to-skin care and breastfeed in the delivery room, but had to wear a surgical mask when near their neonate and practice proper hand hygiene before skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and routine care. Unless medically required, neonates were kept in a closed Giraffe isolette in the same room as their mothers, and were held by mothers for feeding after appropriate hand hygiene, breast cleansing, and placement of a surgical mask. Neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by use of real-time PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs taken at 24 h, 5–7 days, and 14 days of life, and were clinically evaluated by telemedicine at 1 month of age. We recorded demographics, neonatal, and maternal clinical presentation, as well as infection control practices in the hospital and at home. FINDINGS: Of 1481 deliveries, 116 (8%) mothers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 120 neonates were identified. All neonates were tested at 24 h of life and none were positive for SARS-CoV-2. 82 (68%) neonates completed follow-up at day 5–7 of life. Of the 82 neonates, 68 (83%) roomed in with the mothers. All mothers were allowed to breastfeed; at 5–7 days of life, 64 (78%) were still breastfeeding. 79 (96%) of 82 neonates had a repeat PCR at 5–7 days of life, which was negative in all; 72 (88%) neonates were also tested at 14 days of life and none were positive. None of the neonates had symptoms of COVID-19. INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that perinatal transmission of COVID-19 is unlikely to occur if correct hygiene precautions are undertaken, and that allowing neonates to room in with their mothers and direct breastfeeding are safe procedures when paired with effective parental education of infant protective strategies. FUNDING: None. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30235-2 doi: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30235-2 id: cord-343919-n8884bli author: Salvio, Gianmaria title: Bone Metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 Disease: Possible Osteoimmunology and Gender Implications date: 2020-09-01 words: 3908.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343919-n8884bli.txt summary: We present a brief review of the molecular mechanisms linking inflammatory diseases to increased fracture risk/osteoporosis and of the therapeutic strategies that can prevent bone resorption in patients with inflammatory disease, focusing on the RANK-RANKL system. A subsequent in vitro study showed that a specific SARS-CoV protein, 3a/X1, directly promotes osteoclastogenesis, accelerating osteoclast differentiation from monocyte/macrophage precursors, enhancing the expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, which indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis [20] . As will be explained later in the text, IL-6 represents an important cofactor for bone resorption in inflammatory diseases; therefore, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, men, though less affected by osteoporosis, may experience more bone metabolism alterations than women for higher levels of IL-6 resulting from the lack of suppression by estrogen. abstract: Even though inflammatory conditions are known to exert adverse effects on bone metabolism, there are no published data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent fracture risk. We present a brief review of the molecular mechanisms linking inflammatory diseases to increased fracture risk/osteoporosis and of the therapeutic strategies that can prevent bone resorption in patients with inflammatory disease, focusing on the RANK-RANKL system. We also make some considerations on gender differences in infection response and on their implications for survival and for the consequences of COVID-19. Several inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, stimulate osteoclast activity, favoring bone resorption through the RANK-RANKL system. Data from the previous SARS-CoV outbreak suggest that the present disease also has the potential to act directly on bone resorption units, although confirmation is clearly needed. Even though the available data are limited, the RANK-RANKL system may provide the best therapeutic target to prevent bone resorption after COVID-19 disease. Vitamin D supplementation in case of deficiency could definitely be beneficial for bone metabolism, as well as for the immune system. Supplementation of vitamin D in case of deficiency could be further advantageous. In COVID-19 patients, it would be useful to measure the bone metabolism markers and vitamin D. Targeting the RANK-RANKL system should be a priority, and denosumab could represent a safe and effective choice. In the near future, every effort should be made to investigate the fracture risk after SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12018-020-09274-3 doi: 10.1007/s12018-020-09274-3 id: cord-313684-61hkogdh author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 words: 11700.0 sentences: 585.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Wuhan City of China in December 2019 and evolved into a global pandemic. To date, there are no proven drugs or vaccines against this virus. Hence, the situation demands an urgent need to explore all potential therapeutic strategies that can be made available to prevent the disease progression and improve patient outcomes. In absence of clinically proven treatment guidelines, several repurposed drugs and investigational agents are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their probable benefits in the treatment of COVID-19. These include antivirals (remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, and favipiravir), interferon, antimalarials (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine), antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin and nitazoxanide), biologics (monoclonal antibodies and interleukin receptor antagonist), cellular therapies (mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells), convalescent plasma, and cytokine adsorber. Though several observational studies have claimed many of these agents to be effective based on their in vitro activities and extrapolated evidence from SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics, the currently available data remains inconclusive because of ill-defined patient selection criteria, small sample size, lack of concurrent controls, and use of intermediary outcomes instead of patient-relevant outcomes. Moreover, there is a need to clearly define the patient populations who warrant therapy and also the timing of initiation of treatment. Understanding the disease pathology responsible for the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is imperative to identify the potential targets for drug development. This review explains the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and summarizes the potential treatment candidates, which can provide guidance in developing effective therapeutic strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.585888 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585888 id: cord-334550-xb0alubj author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: The Enigma of Low COVID-19 Fatality Rate in India date: 2020-07-28 words: 6405.0 sentences: 367.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334550-xb0alubj.txt summary: These include some ongoing mutations that can alter the virulence of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, host factors like innate immunity, genetic diversity in immune responses, epigenetic factors, genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 receptors, micro RNAs and universal BCG vaccination, and environmental factors like high temperature and humidity which may alter the viability and transmissibility of the strain. Researchers from Translational Bioinformatics Group at International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, performed an integrated mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations, including India, Italy, United States, Nepal and Wuhan, and observed a novel mutation in S protein (A930V, 24351C>T) of the Indian strain, which was absent in other strains (Sardar et al., 2020) . While this apparent protection among Indians is largely attributed to non-heritable influences as discussed earlier, a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce disease severity, control transmission, and prevent future infections across all populations. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute onset pneumonia caused by a novel Betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Though its origin has been linked to the Wuhan City of China’s Hubei Province in December 2019, recent reports claim that the original animal-to-human transmission of the virus probably happened sometime between September and October 2019 in Guangdong Province, rather than Hubei. As of July 3, 2020, India has reported a case positivity rate of 6.5% and a fatality rate of 2.8%, which are among the lowest in the world. Also, the severity of the disease is much less among Indians as evidenced by the low rate of ICU admission (15.3%) and the need for mechanical ventilation (4.16%). As per the World Health Organization (WHO) situation report 165 on July 3, 2020, India has one of the lowest deaths per 100,000 population (1.32 deaths against a global average of 6.04). Several factors related to the pathogen, host and environment might have some role in reducing the susceptibility of Indians to COVID-19. These include some ongoing mutations that can alter the virulence of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains, host factors like innate immunity, genetic diversity in immune responses, epigenetic factors, genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 receptors, micro RNAs and universal BCG vaccination, and environmental factors like high temperature and humidity which may alter the viability and transmissibility of the strain. This perspective -highlights the potential factors that might be responsible for the observed low COVID-19 fatality rate in Indian population. It puts forward several hypotheses which can be a ground for future studies determining individual and population susceptibility to COVID-19 and thus, may offer a new dimension to our current understanding of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849833/ doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00854 id: cord-026792-jsqa4pmu author: Samanta, Jayanta title: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Gastrointestinal Manifestations date: 2020-05-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The world is witnessing a major public health crisis in the wake of the third coronavirus strain pandemic, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Although initially thought to be a pure respiratory pathogen, recent reports have highlighted not only the extrapulmonary effects of the virus but also, importantly, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) effects. Various studies have looked into the effects of this novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus-19 disease [COVID-19]) on GIT involvement with reports of more frequent involvement than previously expected. With feco-oral transmission, debate being conclusively proven with fecal samples testing positive for COVID-19 and longer shedding time, it only underlines the importance of GIT involvement. Moreover, the presence of other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, with COVID-19 infection might wreak havoc leading to poor patient outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295271/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712077 id: cord-297693-lqyc49t6 author: Samec, Matthew J title: 80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 2821.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297693-lqyc49t6.txt summary: COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a ''crazy paving'' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a ''crazy paving'' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. The case was reviewed with the institutional infection prevention and control team who recommended repeating SARS-CoV-2 PCR 48 hours from the initial test. 14 There have been three published case reports of initially negative COVID-19 PCR tests in patients subsequently new disease determined to have COVID-19 infection. abstract: COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 has spread rapidly and is now considered a global pandemic. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a ‘crazy paving’ pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. However, given persistent dyspnoea and labs suggestive of COVID-19 infection, the patient remained hospitalised for further monitoring. Forty-eight hours after initial testing, the PCR test was repeated and returned positive for COVID-19. This case illustrates the importance of clinical vigilance to retest patients for COVID-19, particularly in the absence of another compelling aetiology. As COVID-19 testing improves to rapidly generate results, selective retesting of patients may uncover additional COVID-19 cases and strengthen measures to minimise the spread of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236069 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236069 id: cord-259229-e8m8m4ut author: Samidurai, Arun title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies date: 2020-09-16 words: 10768.0 sentences: 530.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259229-e8m8m4ut.txt summary: Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. Respiratory illness and acute cardiac injury are major clinical manifestations observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the late stage complications of the disease [38] . Based on the available clinical data, potential myocardial injury is a relevant challenge among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with increased risk of mortality; therefore, it is essential for multidisciplinary assessment, including blood pressure control in hypertensive patients as well as cardiovascular evaluation and therapy to reduce the morality for COVID-19 infection. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome, has now become a worldwide pandemic. Despite the respiratory complication, COVID-19 is also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction, including severe cardiac impairment. Emerging evidence reveals a direct interplay between COVID-19 and dire cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, heart attack, myocarditis, arrhythmias as well as blood clots, which are accompanied with elevated risk and adverse outcome among infected patients, even sudden death. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial impairment include invasion of SARS-CoV-2 virus via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to cardiovascular cells/tissue, which leads to endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, de-stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, stent thrombosis, cardiac stress due to diminish oxygen supply and cardiac muscle damage, and myocardial infarction. Several promising therapeutics are under investigation to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients with high risk of cardiovascular impairment, nevertheless to date, none have shown proven clinical efficacy. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to highlight the current integrated therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 and we summarized the potential therapeutic options, currently under clinical trials, with their mechanisms of action and associated adverse cardiac events in highly infectious COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186790 doi: 10.3390/ijms21186790 id: cord-284888-bkee6isv author: Samies, Nicole L title: Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure in an Adolescent With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-09 words: 1452.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284888-bkee6isv.txt summary: Herein, we describe an adolescent with COVID-19 without respiratory symptoms or abnormal chest radiography who presented with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first published report of a pediatric patient with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis due to acute renal failure. Despite fluid resuscitation, the patient became anuric and was transferred to a tertiary care children''s hospital on the same day as his initial presentation for further management of rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). These patients also presented with respiratory distress or were noted to have abnormal chest radiography, with only one of these reports progressing to renal failure requiring hemodialysis due to rhabdomyolysis. In this report, additional virological data provided by serial sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR documents continued viral shedding from the respiratory tract even after improvement of rhabdomyolysis and renal function. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric patient with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis requiring hemodialysis due to AKI. abstract: There is growing appreciation of the wide range of clinical presentations seen in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rhabdomyolysis appears to be a rare, but potentially serious, manifestation of COVID-19. Here, we report an adolescent with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis who required hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury. Pediatric providers should consider rhabdomyolysis and the possibility of acute renal failure in children with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa083 doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa083 id: cord-317196-3bub3fy0 author: Sammons, Morgan T. title: Psychological Practice and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Rapid Response Survey date: 2020-05-08 words: 3512.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317196-3bub3fy0.txt summary: One of those articles was a survey of 596 practicing psychologists about the nature and extent of psychologists'' involvement in telepsychology (VandenBos & Williams, 2000) , reporting that only 2% had ever used internet or satellite technology to deliver health care. We wanted to learn more about psychologists'' prior telepsychology experiences, the current use of telepsychology since the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, and the nature of the psychological services currently being provided. We asked about psychologists'' prior telepsychology experiences, the use of telepsychology since the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, and the nature of the psychological services currently being provided. In contrast, psychologists licensed for 15 years or fewer were more likely to report primary employment in an agency, clinic, or organized health care setting. Respondents mostly provided services to established patients and did not perform initial intakes via telepsychology at this point (just a couple of weeks into the COVID-19 crisis). abstract: Psychological practice has changed dramatically over the past 125 years. The two world wars both served to stimulate and change the scope of practice for psychologists. We surveyed over 3,000 doctoral psychologists about the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on their clinical practices. Practice changed from primarily in-office to mostly telepsychology practice over the course of 2 weeks in March of 2020. The long-term effect on professional practice in psychology is not known. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42843-020-00013-2 doi: 10.1007/s42843-020-00013-2 id: cord-271887-blwrpf38 author: Sampa, Masuda Begum title: Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date: 2020-06-30 words: 5654.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt summary: Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals. abstract: Medical staff carry an inordinate risk of infection from patients, and many doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers are affected by COVID-19 worldwide. The unreached communities with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, or renal diseases became more vulnerable during this pandemic situation. In both cases, Remote Healthcare Systems (RHS) may help minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This study used the WHO guidelines and Design Science Research (DSR) framework to redesign the Portable Health Clinic (PHC), an RHS, for the containment of the spread of COVID-19 as well as proposed corona logic (C-Logic) for the main symptoms of COVID-19. Using the distributed service platform of PHC, a trained healthcare worker with appropriate testing kits can screen high-risk individuals and can help optimize triage to medical services. PHC with its new triage algorithm (C-Logic) classifies the patients according to whether the patient needs to move to a clinic for a PCR test. Through modified PHC service, we can help people to boost their knowledge, attitude (feelings/beliefs), and self-efficacy to execute preventing measures. Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to “flatten the curve”, particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Theoretically, this study contributes to design science research by introducing a modified healthcare providing model. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134709 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134709 id: cord-323439-z6rghua1 author: Sampaio, Pedro Paulo N. title: Rescue Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Myopericarditis: A Case Report date: 2020-09-30 words: 1553.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323439-z6rghua1.txt summary: Optimal management strategies are still unclear, including the role of immunomodulatory therapies and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the context of cardiogenic shock. This case highlights the potential role of ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies in the management of cardiogenic shock associated with COVID-19 myopericarditis. We report a case of COVID-19 myopericarditis complicated by tamponade and cardiac arrest, successfully managed with venoarterial ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies. In addition, only 1 report of emergency ECMO cannulation after cardiac arrest in a patient with COVID-19 has been formerly documented, despite a subsequent unfavourable outcome [6] . We describe the first case of fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis and tamponade successfully treated with venoarterial ECMO, neutralizing antibodies and anti-inflammatory therapies, after recovery from cardiac arrest. Our report illustrates the importance of appropriate supportive measures in fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis, particularly the potential role of timely venoarterial ECMO support for circulatory shock following recovery from cardiac arrest. abstract: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with potentially life threatening cardiovascular complications, including fulminant myocarditis and cardiac tamponade. Optimal management strategies are still unclear, including the role of immunomodulatory therapies and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the context of cardiogenic shock. We report a case of a middle-aged female with COVID-19 who developed respiratory distress and hemodynamic deterioration with elevated troponin levels on the seventh day of symptoms. Echocardiography demonstrated pericardial effusion with diastolic restriction of the right ventricle. Cardiac arrest developed during pericardiocentesis, resulting in emergency thoracotomy and pericardial drainage. Venoarterial ECMO was subsequently initiated due to refractory cardiogenic shock. Tocilizumab, immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and convalescent plasma were added to supportive care, with progressive recovery of cardiac function and successful weaning from mechanical ventilation. This case highlights the potential role of ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies in the management of cardiogenic shock associated with COVID-19 myopericarditis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S155383892030590X doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.038 id: cord-313494-a4pms2ub author: Sampedro, Ana Diez title: COVID-19 and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs): Frontline update #1 date: 2020-06-18 words: 3756.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313494-a4pms2ub.txt summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has compelled all health care providers, including Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) to provide care to patients in unprecedented ways. Due to the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2, APRNs must be prepared to alter their normal practice to take into account the reluctance of patients to seek care for fear of exposure, the added need for personal protective equipment (PPE) and any resulting alterations to patient assessment, new policies, testing guidelines, and more. While the regulatory and policy changes that have occurred as a result of the current pandemic provide a pathway forward for promoting full practice authority for APRNs, these changes are occurring at a time when most practitioners are facing daunting challenges in establishing and maintaining safe clinical care. In light of the impact this pandemic has had globally, APRNs on the frontline are best advised to remain current with evidence based practice protocols, testing indications and procedures, current treatments and treatment challenges, updates to patient education guidelines to promote prevention, protecting vulnerable populations, and promoting mental health. abstract: COVID-19 emerged in 2019 and rapidly became a global pandemic infecting millions, killing hundreds of thousands. The disease altered the practices of hospitals, clinics, and patients. These changes have implications for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). APRNs must remain current on best practices for treatment and diagnosis of COVID-19 while being cognizant of changes to their scope of practice. As the pandemic continues, APRNs will remain on the front lines treating COVID-19 patients while also caring for vulnerable populations within the community. To provide high-quality care, APRNs must utilize a multi-faceted approach that heeds ongoing updates to evidence-based practice. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.06.014 doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.06.014 id: cord-320964-1gg33gdn author: Sampieri, Clara Luz title: Revisión de nuevas evidencias acerca de la posible transmisión vertical de la COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 words: 4036.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320964-1gg33gdn.txt summary: En el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 se ha generado nueva evidencia tras la publicación de la guía de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 13 de marzo de 2020 14 , por lo que efectuamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed de estudios revisados por pares publicados entre el 27 de marzo y el 21 de mayo de 2020, enfocándonos en aquellos trabajos que incluyeran análisis de muestras clínicas de líquido amniótico, placenta o membranas, sangre del cordón umbilical y Se identificaron 107 registros, de los cuales dos condujeron a la misma referencia y uno indicó una ruta de acceso no válida. En los estudios incluidos se identificó la etapa en que la madre tuvo la confirmación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 o el diagnóstico clínico de COVID-19, el pronóstico del binomio madre-hijo/a, los resultados del análisis de SARS-CoV-2 del bebé, y las muestras clínicas de líquido amniótico, placenta o membranas, sangre del cordón umbilical o leche humana. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a systematic review of original peer-reviewed studies, containing data on the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples of amniotic fluid, placenta or membranes, umbilical cord blood, and human milk, from women with a clinically or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. These studies should have been published after the guide for the management of patients with COVID-19 from World Health Organization guide (available in March 13, 2020). Results: Seventeen studies were included, in which 143 clinical samples were identified (38 of amniotic fluid; 34 of placentas or membranes; 39 from umbilical cord blood and 32 from human milk). Among the 143 samples, nine were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (one amniotic fluid sample obtained before rupturing the membranes; six samples of placenta or membranes, although authors indicate the possibility of contamination by maternal blood in three of these, and two samples of human milk). Conclusions: Following our search criteria, we found no studies that demonstrate the detection of SARS-CoV-2, in conjunction with viral isolation and the evaluation of the infective capacity of viral particles, in clinical samples of amniotic fluid, placenta or membranes, umbilical cord blood and human milk, from women with a confirmed or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. However, vertical transmission cannot be ruled out, larger studies are required that ideally locate in situ RNA and protein of SARS-CoV-2, as well as isolation that demonstrate the infective capacity of the viral particles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711871/ doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.06.005 id: cord-319920-vn5si7xm author: Sampogna, Gianluca title: Spinal cord dysfunction after COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-30 words: 2524.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319920-vn5si7xm.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: We observed individuals affected by spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case 1, aged 69 years, experienced T10 AIS B paraplegia upon awakening due to spinal cord ischemia from T8 to conus medullaris, besides diffuse thromboses, 27 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Prior to SCD, all three individuals suffered from respiratory failure due to COVID-19, required mechanical ventilation, had cardiovascular risk factors, experienced lymphopenia, and received tocilizumab (TCZ). The aim of our report is to provide our initial experience with people experiencing SCD after COVID-19 in a referral USU in the Northern Italian region most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a consequence of the neurotropic and neuro-invasive potential of this virus, it has been reported that 36.4% of patients with COVID-19 suffer from neurological complications, and up to 45.5% patients in case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection [14] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: We observed individuals affected by spinal cord dysfunction (SCD) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of our report is to provide our initial experience with individuals experiencing SCD after COVID-19 in a referral center in Northern Italy, from February 21 to July 15, 2020. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on three men with SCD after COVID-19. Case 1, aged 69 years, experienced T10 AIS B paraplegia upon awakening due to spinal cord ischemia from T8 to conus medullaris, besides diffuse thromboses, 27 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Case 2, aged 56 years, reported progressive cervicalgia 29 days after COVID-19 onset associated with C3 AIS C tetraplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a C4–C6 spinal epidural abscess (SEA) requiring a C3–C4 left hemilaminectomy. Case 3, aged 48 years, reported backache together with lower limb muscle weakness on day 16 after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Exam revealed T2 AIS A paraplegia and an MRI showed a T1–T7 SEA. He underwent a T3–T4 laminectomy. Prior to SCD, all three individuals suffered from respiratory failure due to COVID-19, required mechanical ventilation, had cardiovascular risk factors, experienced lymphopenia, and received tocilizumab (TCZ). DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCD after COVID-19. Based on our experience, we did not observe a direct viral infection, but there were two different etiologies. In Case 1, the individual developed spinal cord ischemia, whereas in Cases 2 and 3 SEAs were likely related to the use of TCZ used to treat COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-020-00341-x doi: 10.1038/s41394-020-00341-x id: cord-313084-l7odplqg author: Sampson, Victoria title: Could there be a link between oral hygiene and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections? date: 2020-06-26 words: 3352.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313084-l7odplqg.txt summary: The risk factors already identified for developing complications from a COVID-19 infection are age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This paper investigates the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial load, questioning whether bacteria may play a role in bacterial superinfections and complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. 1 While COVID-19 has a viral origin, it is suspected that in severe cases, bacterial superinfections may contribute to causing complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 18 It is common for respiratory viral infections to predispose patients to bacterial superinfections, leading to increased disease severity and mortality; for example, during the influenza pandemic in 1918, where the primary cause of death was not from the virus itself but from bacterial superinfections. Bacteria present in patients with severe COVID-19 are associated with the oral cavity and improved oral hygiene may play a part in reducing the risk of complications. abstract: On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organisation identified COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, to be a global emergency. The risk factors already identified for developing complications from a COVID-19 infection are age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors, however, do not account for the other 52% of deaths arising from COVID-19 in often seemingly healthy individuals. This paper investigates the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial load, questioning whether bacteria may play a role in bacterial superinfections and complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. The connection between COVID-19 complications and oral health and periodontal disease is also examined, as the comorbidities at highest risk of COVID-19 complications also cause imbalances in the oral microbiome and increase the risk of periodontal disease. We explore the connection between high bacterial load in the mouth and post-viral complications, and how improving oral health may reduce the risk of complications from COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8 doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1747-8 id: cord-325933-1qvpofvp author: Samrah, Shaher M title: Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan date: 2020-10-06 words: 3504.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325933-1qvpofvp.txt summary: Although variable degrees of fear, anxiety, anger, and depression are suspected to be observed in COVID-19-infected population during their quarantine, most studies in the literature focused on the psychosocial disturbances among health-care providers and potential contacts of COVID-19 patients. Data indicated high rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD), and substance use disorders among health-care workers dealing with COVID-19 patients. To date, this is the first study that aims to evaluate depression, various stressors, and associated factors and coping mechanisms among individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection during their obligatory and prolonged in-hospital quarantine. 12, 19, 20 This study demonstrates that symptoms of depression were commonly reported among hospitalized COVID-19 patients during their mandatory quarantine, regardless of the severity of their illness. Symptoms of depression were commonly reported among COVID-19 patients during their in-hospital obligatory Receiving the support of family, friends, and medical staff was an essential alleviating factor, and connecting with them was the most preferred coping method. abstract: BACKGROUND: In-hospital mandatory quarantine of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19-infected individuals was part of the national control strategy used to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan. This study aims to evaluate depression, associated stressors, and various coping methods used among adult quarantined COVID-19-infected individuals. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all COVID-19-infected individuals who were obligatorily quarantined at King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan from March 15 to April 20, 2020. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire after 10 days of quarantine. In addition, several questions regarding the patients’ sights with the health-care system, and coping methods were added. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: Out of 91 quarantined COVID-19 patients, a total of 66 completed the survey, with a participation rate of 72.5%. The majority were relatively young; the mean ± SD age was 35.8 ± 16.2 years (range 18–79), 59.1% were females and 47% were asymptomatic. A considerable proportion of patients (44%) reported symptoms of depression, with 21% were at high risk of major depressive disorder. Depression symptoms were significantly more common among females than males [PHQ-9 score ≥10: 13 (92.9%) vs 1 (7.1%), respectively; p=0.004]. The majority of patients (71.2%) reported having problems with health-care services. Insufficient involvement in making treatment decisions was the most commonly reported concern (59.1%). Patients who reported problems in maintaining privacy, reaching out to their physicians, or receiving conflicting information from the medical staff, had more symptoms of depression compared with the satisfied ones (p<0.05). On the other hand, those who were receiving sufficient support from the family, friends, or medical staff during quarantine, were less likely to have depression symptoms (p<0.05). Furthermore, symptoms of depression were less in patients who stayed in touch with others using phone calls, texting, or social media (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: Symptoms of depression were common among both symptomatic and asymptomatic quarantined COVID-19 patients. The support of family, friends, and medical staff was an essential alleviating factor. Facilitating adequate communication may promote the mental well-being of COVID-19-infected patients and help in reducing the risk of depression during the in-hospital quarantine. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s267459 doi: 10.2147/prbm.s267459 id: cord-289588-n61gz7pi author: Samudrala, Pavan Kumar title: Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 3898.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289588-n61gz7pi.txt summary: Literature reported a significant mutation in receptor binding sites and membrane proteins of the previous SARS-CoV to turned as SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for most dreadful pandemic COVID-19. As far as safety is a major concern, 424 Gilead Sciences announced phase III clinical trial of remdesivir to prove its safety and 425 efficacy in COVID-19 infection (Keown, 16 .03.2020). Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and 687 diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early 688 outbreak period: a scoping review First known person-to-784 person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 785 the USA Clinical 803 features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An 817 Severe acute respiratory 845 syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The 846 epidemic and the challenges Unique epidemiological and clinical features 949 of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control 950 measures abstract: SARS-CoV-2, a newly emerged pathogen in December 2019, marked as one of the highly pathogenic Coronavirus, and altogether this is the third coronavirus attack that crossed the species barrier. As of 1(st) July 2020, it is spreading around 216 countries, areas or territories, and a total of 10,185,374 and 503,862 confirmed cases and death reports, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 virus entered into the target cells by binding with the hACE2 receptors. Spike glycoprotein promotes the entry of the virus into host target cells. Literature reported a significant mutation in receptor binding sites and membrane proteins of the previous SARS-CoV to turned as SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for most dreadful pandemic COVID-19. These modifications may be the probable reason for the extreme transmission and pathogenicity of the virus. A hasty spread of COVID-19 throughout the world is highly threatening, but still, scientists do not have a proper therapeutic measure to fight with it. Scientists are endeavoring across the world to find effective therapy to combat COVID 19. Several drugs such as Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Ribavirin, Ritonavir, Lopinavir, Favipiravir, Interferons, Bevacizumab, Azithromycin, etc. are currently under clinical trials. Vaccine development from various pharmaceutical companies and research institutes is under progress, and more than ten vaccine candidates are in the various phases of clinical trials. This review work highlighted the origin, emergence, structural features, pathogenesis, and clinical features of COVID-19. We have also discussed the in-line treatment strategies, preventive measures, and vaccines to combat the emergence of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299920304672?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173375 id: cord-260857-oxxle915 author: Samuel, Sharmeen title: INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYMPTOMATIC PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PCR POSITIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION INCLUDING DRUG INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CORRECTED QT INTERVAL (QTc). date: 2020-07-01 words: 4183.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt summary: BACKGROUND: There is limited data regarding the electrophysiological abnormalities and arrhythmias in children with COVID-19, including those associated with treatment using potentially pro-arrhythmic Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZN). Additionally, some of the medications that have been used for treatment of COVID-19 infection, such as Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZN), are known to cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, therefore potentially predisposing patients to malignant ventricular arrhythmia.s 6, 7 However, there is little current data on the electrophysiologic consequences of these drugs in the setting of active COVID-19 in pediatric patients. As per hospital protocol, COVID-19 specific medications including HCQ with or without AZN were initiated at the discretion of the Infectious Disease team for patients needing supplemental oxygen for hypoxia in the setting of positive SARS-CoV-2, if the baseline QTc was less than 480 milliseconds (msec) measured on lead II via 15 lead ECG or telemetry. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited data regarding the electrophysiological abnormalities and arrhythmias in children with COVID-19, including those associated with treatment using potentially pro-arrhythmic Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZN). OBJECTIVES: To describe the electrophysiologic findings and arrhythmias associated with pediatric COVID-19 and its treatment. METHODS: A single center retrospective chart review was undertaken and included all patients with 1) symptoms of COVID-19, and 2) PCR (+) nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 who were placed on continuous telemetry for the duration of their hospitalization during March through May, 2020. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were included in the study. Significant arrhythmias were found in 6 (non-sustained (ns) ventricular tachycardia in 5 and sustained atrial tachycardia in 1). All were self-resolving and half prompted prophylactic anti-arrhythmic therapy. Patients with significant arrhythmias were likely to have non-cardiac co-morbidities (4/6), but these were not more common than in patients without arrhythmias (20/30, p=1). The use of HCQ with or without AZN was associated with statistically significant QTc prolongation (411+19 msec vs 426+15 msec, p<0.0001). QTc was not statistically different in patients with and without arrhythmias (425+15 msec vs 425+15 msec, p=1). CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric patients with PCR positive active COVID-19 infection, significant arrhythmias are infrequent, but more common than expected in a general pediatric population. Comorbidities are not more common in patients with arrhythmias than in patients without arrhythmias. COVID-19 treatment using HCQ is associated with QTc prolongation, but was not associated with arrhythmias in pediatric patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1547527120306329?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.06.033 id: cord-298914-d6k3tagt author: Samuels, Elizabeth A. title: Innovation During COVID-19: Improving Addiction Treatment Access date: 2020-05-12 words: 1280.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298914-d6k3tagt.txt summary: In order to address restricted treatment access during COVID-19, guidance from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, the US Drug Enforcement Administration, and the US Department of Health and Human Services has allowed for use of audio-only telehealth encounters for buprenorphine induction without requiring an in-person evaluation or video interface. In this new regulatory environment, we established the Rhode Island Buprenorphine Hotline, a phone hotline which functions as a "tele-bridge" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient treatment. This phone hotline functions as a 24 hour "tele-bridge" clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient maintenance treatment. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many addiction treatment and harm reduction organizations have had to reduce their hours and services for people with substance use disorders, placing these individuals at increased risk of death. In order to address restricted treatment access during COVID-19, guidance from the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration, the US Drug Enforcement Administration, and the US Department of Health and Human Services has allowed for use of audio-only telehealth encounters for buprenorphine induction without requiring an in-person evaluation or video interface. This has enabled innovations in order to try to meet the needs of the most vulnerable among us during the current pandemic. In this new regulatory environment, we established the Rhode Island Buprenorphine Hotline, a phone hotline which functions as a “tele-bridge” clinic where people with moderate to severe opioid use disorder can be linked with a DATA 2000 waivered provider who can provide an initial assessment and, if appropriate, prescribe buprenorphine for unobserved induction and linkage to outpatient treatment. In this correspondence we briefly share our experience developing this common sense approach to addressing the complex problem of access to treatment only now permissible due to regulatory changes during COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404652/ doi: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000685 id: cord-334425-6zrmavps author: SanJuan-Reyes, Sindy title: COVID-19 in the environment date: 2020-08-14 words: 2084.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334425-6zrmavps.txt summary: The WHO has named it COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). New studies provide information of the role of the environment in COVID-19 transmission process, mortality related to this infectious disease and the impact on human health. The following review aims to analyze information on the implications of COVID-19 infection on human health and the impact of its presence on the environment, from its transmission capacity and the role of air pollutants and climatological factors to reducing the air pollution during confinement. Until now, there are no specific pharmacological treatment or vaccines against COVID-19 infection 104 for potential therapy in humans, so extensive isolation measures and the use of disinfection products 105 have been implemented to reduce their transmission from person to person. First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute 593 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA abstract: Abstract In recent months, the presence of an emerging disease of infectious etiology has paralyzed everyone, already being a public health problem due to its high rate of infection, a life-threatening disease. The WHO has named it COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). New studies provide information of the role of the environment in COVID-19 transmission process, mortality related to this infectious disease and the impact on human health. The following review aims to analyze information on the implications of COVID-19 infection on human health and the impact of its presence on the environment, from its transmission capacity and the role of air pollutants and climatological factors to reducing the air pollution during confinement. Likewise, it provides a vision of the impact on the environment and human health of exposure to disinfectants and the presence of COVID-19 in wastewater, among other actions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0045653520321688 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127973 id: cord-283372-c20i99qa author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: Amiodarone in the COVID-19 Era: Treatment for Symptomatic Patients Only, or Drug to Prevent Infection? date: 2020-08-01 words: 2612.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283372-c20i99qa.txt summary: Amiodarone, one of the most widely prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs to treat both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, has been identified as a candidate drug for use against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the rationale of using amiodarone in the COVID-19 scenario, as well as whether or not amiodarone administration represents a potential strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than simply used to treat patients already symptomatic and/or with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on current evidence. However, amiodarone is not free of secondary adverse effects, contraindications and interactions with other drugs, including the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis, thyroid disease, hepatic toxicity, increased creatine levels, QT interval prolongation, and bradyarrhythmia [9] . We present here the rationale for amiodarone use in the COVID-19 scenario, as well as whether or not amiodarone administration represents a potential strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than simply used to treat patients already symptomatic and/or with severe COVID-19, based on current evidence. abstract: Amiodarone, one of the most widely prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs to treat both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, has been identified as a candidate drug for use against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the rationale of using amiodarone in the COVID-19 scenario, as well as whether or not amiodarone administration represents a potential strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, rather than simply used to treat patients already symptomatic and/or with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), based on current evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-020-00429-7 doi: 10.1007/s40256-020-00429-7 id: cord-329779-5sauq4gp author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: In Reply – Association of Renin Angiotensin System Blockers with Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-09-14 words: 732.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329779-5sauq4gp.txt summary: To the Editor: Current guidelines and health professional recommendations endorse the continuation of both anti-hypertensives angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for managing hypertension (HTN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1, 2 In the meta-analysis of Garg et al., 3 which included studies published until May 31, 2020, both mortality or severe disease risk were not increased among J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f patients using ACEIs/ARBs. However, it was noted that administration of these drugs might reduce mortality in patients with HTN. 4 in which no beneficial association of ACEI/ARB use was found for COVID-19 severity or mortality, as would be expected given the normal circulating J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f levels of AngII. Only retrospective observational studies regarding the potentially deleterious effects of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients have been conducted to-date, and these findings need to be confirmed in prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33153643/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.011 id: cord-330641-pxvc2nw5 author: Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian title: Should atrial fibrillation be considered a cardiovascular risk factor for a worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-20 words: 624.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330641-pxvc2nw5.txt summary: diseases are included in the CVD generic group or serious heart conditions, and there is no information at present to conclude whether atrial fibrillation (AF) would contribute to increasing the risk for severe forms of COVID-19, worse prognosis, or even higher mortality. 1 have collected demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes of 53 COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and with a history of cardiac disease hospitalized in Brescia, Lombardy (Italy). 3 In effect, some forms of arrhythmia were present in 60% of 85 fatal cases, which suggests that cardiac arrhythmia is associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, it has been previously described that plasma ACE2 activity levels are increased in AF and have been suggested as a better marker of disease severity in human AF. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and cardiac disease in Northern Italy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32688380/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa509 id: cord-336283-3q0ujnjq author: Sanderson, William C. title: The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress date: 2020-06-27 words: 9294.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336283-3q0ujnjq.txt summary: Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic''s negative impact upon people''s ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). Once we created this list we developed strategies that would allow people to manage these negative emotional states using a self-help format (this guide can be accessed at www.psych rescu e-covid 19.com or at the permanent DOI address provided in the reference section). While there has been progress, as outlined above, in understanding the nature and interventions for COVID related psychological distress, an additional problem has emerged as a result: the already overburdened mental health system must now provide treatment for a substantial wave of persons in need. abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has created a “mental health pandemic” throughout the world. Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic’s negative impact upon people’s ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). This paper presents evidence-based cognitive behavioral strategies that should prove useful in reducing the emotional suffering associated with the COVID crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7 id: cord-294422-hsqphc3t author: Sandesh, Ram title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan date: 2020-07-02 words: 1849.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294422-hsqphc3t.txt summary: The psychological response of HCPs to an epidemic could be dependent on many factors which may cause anxiety and stress such as feeling vulnerable to infection, lack of control over the situation, the spread of the virus, health of their family, and being isolated [11] . It can be also seen that many of the factors due to which HCPs suffer from these ill-effects can be potentially modified, for example, such as free provision of PPEs to all healthcare workers, promoting general public awareness about COVID-19, and building better infrastructure to encourage lighter work hours can all be carried out by the government and thus have a positive impact on the mental health of HCPs. In our study, high levels of anxiety, stress and depression among health care professionals were noted, which is a cause for concern. Since there is a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among HCPs treating COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to invest resources to promote the mental health welfare of frontline professionals. abstract: Introduction As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care professionals (HDPs) are facing immense strain due to the heavy load of cases. In many cases, they work increasingly long hours, often with limited resources and a dubious infrastructure. Thus, it is important to check on the mental health of caregivers. Methods and materials This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020, at various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All HCPs posted in the COVID-19 isolation wards were invited to participate and a total of 112 completed this study. A carefully structured form was created, which included the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results The overall mean score of anxiety was 19.01 ± 9.2, depression was 18.12 ± 10, and stress was 20.12 ± 12.0. There were 81 (72.3%) participants who suffered from moderate to extremely severe depression, 96 ( 85.7%) participants who suffered from moderate to extremely severe anxiety, and 101 (90.1%) participants who reported moderate to extreme stress levels Conclusions It is evident that there are a high number of healthcare workers affected by various psychological ailments such as anxiety, stress, and depression. It is important that the government take steps to ensure that HCPs' mental health is regularly checked and that efforts are made to reduce their burdens. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8974 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8974 id: cord-322552-95bj65qf author: Sang, Charlie Joseph title: ST Elevations in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 2649.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322552-95bj65qf.txt summary: Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. The mid and distal segments of the inferior, inferoseptal, anterior, and anteroseptal left ventricular walls were severely hypokinetic, consistent with acute myocardial infarction (Video1). This scenario also raises important questions in the management of COVID-19 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction in the United States, where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the standard of care. Severe disease in COVID-19 is also associated with sepsis-induced coagulopathy and increased mortality [19] , and ticagrelor''s antiinflammatory and anti-platelet effects may prove useful in reducing this phenomenon [20] . SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 COVID-19: Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: Myocardial injury, represented by elevated cardiac enzymes, has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unique challenges in approaching patients with acute ST-segment changes. We describe two distinct cases of ST elevation on electrocardiogram occurring in patients with COVID-19 and review important diagnostic and management considerations for the front-line clinician. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32855827/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8845627 id: cord-315176-xafk1flg author: Sang, Hao title: A familial cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by one family member during his asymptomatic incubation period date: 2020-07-10 words: 1019.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315176-xafk1flg.txt summary: We report a familial cluster of COVID-19 caused by one family member before his onset of illness, indicating that it seems to be potentially infectious during the incubation period, even earlier than we expected. For the central air conditioner was always running at home, the infection risk of COVID-19 would have increased when Patient 1 gathered with other family members during his incubation period, which indicated that close contact, especially in a small enclosed space, might be the cause of familial transmission. Family members, especially of whom the confirmed cases contacted with since one incubation period before onset rather than 2 days before onset, should be regarded as close contact and centrally isolated in case of asymptomatic infection already existed in the family. Family members, especially of whom the confirmed cases contacted with since one incubation period before onset rather than 2 days before onset, should be regarded as close contact and centrally isolated in case of asymptomatic infection already existed in the family. abstract: An ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread in the world, whereas asymptomatic carriers may also play a critical role in the pandemic. We report a familial cluster of COVID-19 caused by one family member before his onset of illness, indicating that it seems to be potentially infectious during the incubation period, even earlier than we expected. Close contact, especially in a small enclosed space, might be the cause of familial transmission. The unsynchronized changes in the clinical symptoms and COVID-19 nucleic acid were found in this case, so consecutive nucleic acid detection of pretty suspected cases was recommended. Family members, especially of whom the confirmed cases contacted with since one incubation period before onset rather than 2 days before onset, should be regarded as close contact and centrally isolated in case of asymptomatic infection already existed in the family. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32648578/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa098 id: cord-326996-va073yuz author: Sang, Ling title: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study date: 2020-11-09 words: 3554.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326996-va073yuz.txt summary: title: The incidence, risk factors and prognosis of acute kidney injury in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: a retrospective study (See figure on previous page.) Fig. 1 Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis, right heart failure and the outcomes of renal disorders in patients with Covid-19 who had acute kidney injury during hospitalization. a. Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis and the outcomes of renal disorder and the severity of acute kidney injury in patients with Covid-19 during hospitalization. b. Association between the minimal PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio, time from admission to AKI diagnosis and the outcomes of renal disorders and the presence of right heart failure in patients with Covid-19 who had acute kidney injury during hospitalization. abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical correlates, prognosis and determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remain largely unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 23rd 2020 and April 6th 2020 at Wuhan JinYinTan Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. RESULTS: Among 210 patients, 131 were males (62.4%). The median Age was 64 years (IQR: 56–71). Of 92 (43.8%) patients who developed AKI during hospitalization, 13 (14.1%), 15 (16.3%) and 64 (69.6%) were classified as being at stage 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 54 patients (58.7%) received continuous renal replacement therapy. Age, sepsis, nephrotoxic drug, invasive mechanical ventilation and elevated baseline serum creatinine levels were associated with the occurrence of AKI. Renal recovery during hospitalization was identified among 16 patients with AKI (17.4%), who had a significantly shorter time from admission to AKI diagnosis, lower incidence of right heart failure and higher ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen. Of 210 patients, 93 deceased within 28 days of ICU admission. AKI stage 3, critical disease, greater Age and the lowest ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen being < 150 mmHg were independently associated with death. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with Covid-19, the incidence of AKI was high. Our findings of the risk factors of the development of AKI and factors associated with renal function recovery may inform clinical management of patients with critical illness of Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01305-5 doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01305-5 id: cord-325534-psv7v78z author: Sangalli, Davide title: A single-centre experience of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-12 words: 1361.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325534-psv7v78z.txt summary: The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke, and the risk-benefit ratio of intravenous thrombolysis in COVID-19 positive patients is not well known. We describe four COVID-19 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke. In this communication, we describe our preliminary experience of a Stroke Hub in Lombardia (Italy) in treating COVID-19 patients with intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. The patient experienced an initial improvement of right hemiparesis, but a second brain CT scan showed a left frontotemporal and parietal ischaemic lesion complicated by haemorrhagic transformation. A 53-year-old man with a history of hypertension and dyslipidaemia developed acute left sensorimotor hemisyndrome: intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke was administered. Intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in a COVID-19 positive filipino patient, a case report abstract: The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke, and the risk-benefit ratio of intravenous thrombolysis in COVID-19 positive patients is not well known. We describe four COVID-19 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Although rt-PA administration is the main therapeutic strategy, our patients experienced unpredictable complications and showed atypical features: the overall mortality was very high. In conclusion, in this article, we provide information about these cases and discuss the possible explanation behind this trend. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32656711/ doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04591-3 id: cord-254686-pclq855r author: Sanmugam, Anand title: Assess, adapt and act: a paediatric surgery division’s initial approach in a rapidly evolving pandemic date: 2020-06-27 words: 3002.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254686-pclq855r.txt summary: The challenges faced by surgical specialties include, but are not limited to the risk of exposure to non-COVID-19 patients, transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs), judicious use and allocation of valuable resources such as ventilators, personal protective equipment (PPE), and blood products. The members of the paediatric surgery division of University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) assumed additional responsibilities to provide assistance to both frontline HCWs and the management, in areas in need of support. This study describes the adaptive measures taken and evolving roles of the members of this paediatric surgery division upon the characterisation of COVID-19 as a pandemic. The biggest challenge we faced were to formulate a set of guidelines that ensured the safety of patients and healthcare personnel alike, at a time when there was limited published literature on the delivery of paediatric surgical service during a pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented test on the delivery and management of healthcare services globally. This study describes the adaptive measures taken and evolving roles of the members of the paediatric surgery division in a developing country during this period. METHODS: We adopted multiple adaptive strategies including changes to stratification of surgeries, out-patient services by urgency and hospital alert status, policy writing involving multidisciplinary teams, and redeployment of manpower. Modifications were made to teaching activities and skills training to observe social distancing and mitigate reduced operative learning opportunities. Roles of academic staff were expanded to include non-surgical duties. RESULTS: The planned strategies and changes to pre COVID-19 practices were successful in ensuring minimal disruption to the delivery of essential paediatric surgical services and training. Despite the lack of established guidelines and literature outlining strategies to address the impact of this pandemic on surgical services, most of the initial measures employed were consistent with that of other surgical centres. CONCLUSION: Changes to delivery of surgical services and surgical training warrant a holistic approach and a constant re-evaluation of practices with emergence of new experiences and guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-020-04704-1 doi: 10.1007/s00383-020-04704-1 id: cord-322571-8u4c2xqg author: Sannigrahi, Srikanta title: Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach date: 2020-08-01 words: 6153.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322571-8u4c2xqg.txt summary: In this study, the global and local spatial association between the key socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 cases and deaths in the European regions were analyzed using the spatial regression models. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the key socio-demographic driving factors that have a substantial impact on the overall pattern of COVID-19 casualties; (2) implementing global and local spatial regression models to assess the spatial association between the driving factors and COVID-19 cases/death. In this study, total four spatial regression models, i.e., Geographically weighted regression (GWR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Lag Model (SLM), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) models were implemented to evaluate how the socio-demographic factors are shaping the pattern of COVID-19 case/deaths across Europe. abstract: The socio-demographic factors have a substantial impact on the overall casualties caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19). In this study, the global and local spatial association between the key socio-demographic variables and COVID-19 cases and deaths in the European regions were analyzed using the spatial regression models. A total of 31 European countries were selected for modelling and subsequent analysis. From the initial 28 demographic variables, a total of 2 (for COVID-19 cases) and 3 (for COVID-19 deaths) key variables were filtered out for the regression modelling. The spatially explicit regression modelling and mapping were done using four spatial regression models such as Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Lag Model (SLM), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Additionally, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) was performed to estimate the overall explanatory power of the regression models. For the COVID cases, the local R(2) values, which suggesting the influences of the selected demographic variables on COVID cases and death, were found highest in Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, Italy. The moderate local R(2) was observed for Luxembourg, Poland, Denmark, Croatia, Belgium, Slovakia. The lowest local R(2) value for COVID-19 cases was accounted for Ireland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain, Cyprus, Romania. Among the 2 variables, the highest local R(2) was calculated for income (R(2) = 0.71), followed by poverty (R(2) = 0.45). For the COVID deaths, the highest association was found in Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria. The moderate association was documented for Hungary, Greece, Switzerland, Slovakia, and the lower association was found in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Cyprus. This suggests that the selected demographic and socio-economic components, including total population, poverty, income, are the key factors in regulating overall casualties of COVID-19 in the European region. This study found that the demographic composition, as well as key socio-economic determinants of the country, predominantly controls the high rate of mortality and casualties caused by COVID-19. In this study, the influence of the other controlling factors, such as environmental conditions, socio-ecological status, climatic extremity, etc. have not been considered. This could be the scope for future research. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.04029v1.pdf doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102418 id: cord-263292-qjfe2t9v author: Sansone, A. title: Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 words: 3912.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263292-qjfe2t9v.txt summary: Despite being a trivial matter for patients in intensive care units (ICUs), erectile dysfunction (ED) is a likely consequence of COVID-19 for survivors, and considering the high transmissibility of the infection and the higher contagion rates among elderly men, a worrying phenomenon for a large part of affected patients. Testicular function in COVID-19 patients requires careful investigation for the unclear association with testosterone deficiency and the possible consequences for reproductive health. However, independently of whether testosterone is a friend or foe for COVID-19, it should be acknowledged that the testis is a target for SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility for long-lasting consequences on the endocrine function exists, even for recovered patients. Drugs such as β-blockers and antihypertensive agents, routinely used in COVID-19 patients, have the potential to impair sexual function [41] ; therefore, both the cardiovascular consequences and their treatment might ease progression from subclinical to a clinically overt ED [42, 43] . abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, represents an unprecedented challenge for healthcare. COVID-19 features a state of hyperinflammation resulting in a “cytokine storm”, which leads to severe complications, such as the development of micro-thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Despite isolation measures, the number of affected patients is growing daily: as of June 12th, over 7.5 million cases have been confirmed worldwide, with more than 420,000 global deaths. Over 3.5 million patients have recovered from COVID-19; although this number is increasing by the day, great attention should be directed towards the possible long-term outcomes of the disease. Despite being a trivial matter for patients in intensive care units (ICUs), erectile dysfunction (ED) is a likely consequence of COVID-19 for survivors, and considering the high transmissibility of the infection and the higher contagion rates among elderly men, a worrying phenomenon for a large part of affected patients. METHODS: A literature research on the possible mechanisms involved in the development of ED in COVID-19 survivors was performed. RESULTS: Endothelial dysfunction, subclinical hypogonadism, psychological distress and impaired pulmonary hemodynamics all contribute to the potential onset of ED. Additionally, COVID-19 might exacerbate cardiovascular conditions; therefore, further increasing the risk of ED. Testicular function in COVID-19 patients requires careful investigation for the unclear association with testosterone deficiency and the possible consequences for reproductive health. Treatment with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors might be beneficial for both COVID-19 and ED. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 survivors might develop sexual and reproductive health issues. Andrological assessment and tailored treatments should be considered in the follow-up. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-020-01350-1 doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01350-1 id: cord-353697-ocxextfj author: Santana, Monique Freire title: Confirmed Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis and COVID-19: the value of postmortem findings to support antemortem management date: 2020-07-03 words: 1888.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353697-ocxextfj.txt summary: We present postmortem evidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with severe COVID-19. A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 . 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Therefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5,6 . As the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, further reports are needed to assess the occurrence and frequency of IPA in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and their clinical interaction. abstract: We present postmortem evidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with severe COVID-19. Autopsies of COVID-19 confirmed cases were performed. The patient died despite antimicrobials, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support. Histopathology and peripheral blood galactomannan antigen testing confirmed IPA. Aspergillus penicillioides infection was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing and BLAST analysis. Further reports are needed to assess the occurrence and frequency of IPA in SARS-CoV-2 infections, and how they interact clinically. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0401-2020 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0401-2020 id: cord-329123-ytezkugu author: Santi, Aura Daniella title: Atrial fibrillation in a child with COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-19 words: 1415.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329123-ytezkugu.txt summary: A multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children has been described in association with COVID-19 infection, with 80% involving cardiovascular sequelae. Criteria were met for severe multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children given the cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and pulmonary involvement with history of COVID-19 infection. 6 Current guidelines for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children treatment include starting low-dose aspirin, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin for all patients (dose dependent on severity) and biologic treatment with tocilizumab, anakinra, or infliximab for severe cases. 7 Monitoring for cardiovascular complications via serial troponin with early intervention is essential for multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children patients. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 in children remain a topic of novel investigation as literature in this population is lacking. The case highlights the importance of developing management strategies in patients with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children in the setting of viral infection with COVID-19. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged our initial predictions of its ramifications, both short and long term. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 in children remain a topic of investigation as literature is lacking. We describe new onset atrial fibrillation in a child with a history of COVID-19 infection. Understanding of cardiogenic effects of COVID-19 can help minimise the delay in diagnosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120003893 doi: 10.1017/s1047951120003893 id: cord-025608-pj5qg98a author: Santillán-García, Azucena title: Living evidence in response to controversies about the use of antimalarials in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256600/ doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.05.016 id: cord-341577-txadxh13 author: Santos García, D. title: Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson´s Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients date: 2020-08-10 words: 1584.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341577-txadxh13.txt summary: title: Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Parkinson''s Disease: A Cross‐sectional Survey of 568 Spanish Patients BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to know the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on Spanish Parkinson''s Disease (PD) patients. The main objective of the present study was to know how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected Spanish PD patients based on data from a sample of patients interviewed through an anonymous and voluntary online survey. An important observation is that up to 66% of the patients perceived a worsening of their symptoms during confinement and up to 70% answered that the pandemic had had a negative impact on them. In conclusion, although the present study has limitations due to the methodology, it demonstrates that Spanish patients with PD perceive the COVID-19 pandemic with concern and great responsibility. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson''s disease and movement disorders abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to know the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on Spanish Parkinson´s Disease (PD) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross‐sectional study. An anonymous online survey with 95 questions was distributed among patients. Responses were collected from 11/MAY/2020 to 20/JUL/2020. RESULTS: Of a total of 570 questionnaires received, 568 (99.6%) were considered valid for the analysis (mean age 63.5±12.5 years; 53% females). Five hundred fifty three patients (97.4%) were aware of the COVID‐19 pandemic and 68.8% were concerned about it; 95.6% took preventive measures. Four hundred eighty four patients (85.2%) had no contact with cases of COVID‐19 and only 15 (2.6%) had confirmed COVID‐19 disease. Although up to 72.7% remained active during confinement, 65.7% perceived a worsening of their symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish PD patients perceive the COVID‐19 pandemic with concern and responsibility. More than half experienced worsening of their symptoms during confinement. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776601/ doi: 10.1002/mds.28261 id: cord-315959-glaaaqbt author: Santos Leite Pessoa, Mariana title: Multisystemic Infarctions in COVID-19: Focus on the Spleen date: 2020-06-03 words: 916.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315959-glaaaqbt.txt summary: To date, cases of splenic infarction associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are rare in the literature. However, arteriolar thrombosis and splenic infarction were observed in one patient in a study that evaluated splenic pathological changes identified on autopsy in 10 cases of COVID-19 [11] . Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with splenic infarction and/or other multisystemic infarctions were selected from a hospital database in Ceará-Brazil, based on computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA) and ultrasound findings Although thrombotic events are one of the main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, reports and imaging findings of splenic infarction are scarce in the literature. In the current pandemic, clinicians should be aware of thrombotic disease as a complication of COVID-19 and radiologists should monitor patients for thrombosis to facilitate early diagnosis. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis abstract: The literature suggests that COVID-19 provokes arterial and venous thrombotic events, although the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we describe patients with confirmed coronavirus infection associated with multisystemic infarction, focusing on splenic infarction. More data are required to elucidate how COVID-19 and thrombotic disease interact and so that preventive and early diagnosis strategies can be developed. LEARNING POINTS: Thrombotic disease as a complication of COVID-19 must be suspected by clinicians, and recognized and monitored by radiologists. Thrombosis is often the initial manifestation of SARS-CoV-2, hence the importance of early diagnosis to avoid complications and reduce morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.12890/2020_001747 doi: 10.12890/2020_001747 id: cord-254382-xy8se56o author: Santos, C. title: Comparative Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Versus Kidney or Kidney-Pancreas Waitlisted Patients: A Pilot Study date: 2020-07-25 words: 3660.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254382-xy8se56o.txt summary: In this retrospective cohort pilot study, we determined the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients and kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients in our center. We hypothesize that these patients have an incidence proportion of COVID-19 similar to the general population, but that transplanted patients have greater occurrences of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and death compared to waitlisted patients due to chronic immunosuppression. Demographic data, vital signs (temperature and body mass index), laboratory results, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and death were captured from the electronic datasets, whereas comorbidities, organ type, cause of renal disease, induction and maintenance immunosuppression, presenting symptoms for COVID-19, oxygen supplementation, chest radiographic findings, and treatments tried for COVID-19 were collected by manual chart review. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20157990 doi: medRxiv preprint Previous epidemiologic studies on COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients focused on assembling cohorts of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and describing their clinical features and outcomes. abstract: Comparative COVID-19 epidemiologic studies between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients may provide insight into the impact of immunosuppressive medications on clinical outcomes. In this retrospective cohort pilot study, we determined the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients and kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients in our center. COVID-19 testing was performed in 63 of 537 kidney or kidney-pancreas transplanted patients, versus 43 of 383 kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients as of June 4, 2020 (12% versus 11%, p=0.81). COVID-19 was identified in 14 of 537 kidney or kidney-pancreas transplanted patients, versus 9 of 383 kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients (2.6% versus 2.3%, p=0.81). Hospitalization occurred in 11 of 14 transplanted patients, and 4 of 9 waitlisted patients with COVID-19 (79% versus 44%, p=0.18). Intensive care unit admission occurred in 5 of 14 transplanted patients, and 1 of 9 waitlisted patients with COVID-19 (36% versus 11%, p=0.34). Two transplanted patients with COVID-19 were mechanically ventilated and died, whereas no waitlisted patients with COVID-19 died or were mechanically ventilated. Our study provides preliminary data that can be used for power calculations to inform multicenter studies designed to validate these findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.20157990 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20157990 id: cord-305299-vbhilmve author: Santos, C. Sieiro title: Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with underlying rheumatic disease date: 2020-07-27 words: 2941.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305299-vbhilmve.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that comorbidities, rheumatic disease activity and laboratorial abnormalities such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin elevation significantly associated with mortality whereas previous use of rheumatic medication did not. It is not clear whether the use of immunosuppressive medication for rheumatic pathology may suppose a risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection, if rheumatic patients have a higher mortality rate than general population or what factors may be associated with COVID-19 severity [5] . Age, sex, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis, treatment for rheumatic disease and disease activity prior to infection, duration of hospital stay, symptoms before admission, radiographic abnormalities and laboratorial results at arrival were analysed. Our results suggest that comorbidities, rheumatic disease activity and laboratorial abnormalities such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin serum elevation significantly associated with mortality whereas previous use of hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroid, dcDMARDS and biologic therapy did not. abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the month of April, Spain has become the European country with more confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection, after surpassing Italy on April 2nd. The community of Castile and León in Spain is one of the most affected by COVID-19 infection and the province of León has a total of 3711 cases and 425 deaths so far. Rheumatic patients should be given special attention regarding COVID-19 infection due to their immunocompromised state resulting from their underlying immune conditions and use of targeted immune-modulating therapies. Studying epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases infected with SARS-CoV2 is pivotal to clarify determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with underlying rheumatic disease. OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases hospitalized with COVID-19 and determine risk factors associated with mortality in a third level Hospital setting in León, Spain. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study, from 1st March 2020 until the 1st of June including adults with rheumatic diseases hospitalized with COVID-19 and performed a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of mortality. Age, sex, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis and treatment, disease activity prior to infection, radiographic and laboratorial results at arrival were analysed. RESULTS: During the study period, 3711 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to our hospital, of whom 38 (10%) had a rheumatic or musculoskeletal disease. Fifty-three percent were women, with a mean age at hospital admission of 75.3 (IQR 68–83) years. The median length of stay was 11 days. A total of 10 patients died (26%) during their hospital admission. Patients who died from COVID-19 were older (median age 78.4 IQR 74.5–83.5) than those who survived COVID-19 (median age 75.1 IQR 69.3–75.8) and more likely to have arterial hypertension (9 [90%] vs 14 [50%] patients; OR 9 (95% CI 1.0–80.8), p 0.049), dyslipidaemia (9 (90%) vs 12 (43%); OR 12 (95% CI 1.33–108), p 0.03), diabetes ((9 (90%) vs 6 (28%) patients; OR 33, p 0.002), interstitial lung disease (6 (60%) vs 6 (21%); OR 5.5 (95% CI 1.16–26), p 0.03), cardiovascular disease (8 (80%) vs 11 (39%); OR 6.18 (95% IC 1.10–34.7, p 0.04) and a moderate/high index of rheumatic disease activity (7 (25%) vs 6(60%); OR 41.4 (4.23–405.23), p 0.04). In univariate analyses, we also found that patients who died from COVID-19 had higher hyperinflammation markers than patients who survived: C-reactive protein (181 (IQR 120–220) vs 107.4 (IQR 30–150; p 0.05); lactate dehydrogenase (641.8 (IQR 465.75–853.5) vs 361 (IQR 250–450), p 0.03); serum ferritin (1026 (IQR 228.3–1536.3) vs 861.3 (IQR 389–1490.5), p 0.04); D-dimer (12,019.8 (IQR 843.5–25,790.5) vs 1544.3 (IQR 619–1622), p 0.04). No differences in sex, radiological abnormalities, rheumatological disease, background therapy or symptoms before admission between deceased patients and survivors were found. In the multivariate analysis, the following risk factors were associated with mortality: rheumatic disease activity (p = 0.003), dyslipidaemia (p = 0.01), cardiovascular disease (p = 0.02) and interstitial lung disease (p = 0.02). Age, hypertension and diabetes were significant predictors in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. Rheumatic disease activity was significantly associated with fever (p = 0.05), interstitial lung disease (p = 0.03), cardiovascular disease (p = 0.03) and dyslipidaemia (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that comorbidities, rheumatic disease activity and laboratorial abnormalities such as C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum ferritin elevation significantly associated with mortality whereas previous use of rheumatic medication did not. Inflammation is closely related to severity of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05301-2 doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05301-2 id: cord-311679-m6poosn3 author: Santos, Glenn-Milo title: Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men date: 2020-07-11 words: 5585.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311679-m6poosn3.txt summary: There is an urgent need to examine the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and testing, and HIV treatment and care impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM in order to understand how this marginalized population is uniquely affected by this pandemic and the COVID-19 response, and to help inform the targeting of strategies to ameliorate these impacts. Furthermore, there is a need to examine whether sub-populations of gay men and other MSM are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, including among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Moreover, more than four in five gay men and other MSM not living with HIV reported less than definite access to PrEP and PEP during the COVID-19 pandemic, with access for these HIV prevention tools being similar across all groups, including among racial minorities, immigrants, and people who engage in sex work. abstract: There is an urgent need to measure the impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of gay men and other MSM (n = 2732) from April 16, 2020 to May 4, 2020, through a social networking app. We characterized the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response, and examined whether sub-groups of our study population are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Many gay men and other MSM not only reported economic and mental health consequences, but also interruptions to HIV prevention and testing, and HIV care and treatment services. These consequences were significantly greater among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. These findings highlight the urgent need to mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654021/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0 id: cord-323424-86wh4u6l author: Santos, M. M. title: Survival and predictors of deaths of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 from a retrospective and multicentre cohort study in Brazil date: 2020-09-07 words: 3746.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323424-86wh4u6l.txt summary: The co-variables used to compare survival curves were socioeconomic factors (age, sex, race, education and area of residence), clinical signs and symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, diarrhoea and vomiting), hospital variables (influenza-like outbreak, hospital-acquired infection, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, O 2 saturation <95%, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay and X-ray result), chronic disease (heart disease, haematology, Down''s syndrome, liver disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, neurological disease, pneumopathy, immunodepression, kidney disease and body mass index (BMI)), if the patient has had a flu vaccine, use of antiviral against influenza and what is the type of such antiviral. This multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 found important differences in survival times, as well as risk factors or protection for the death of patients in Brazilian hospitals. abstract: This study aimed to analyse the survival of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals due to the COVID-19 and estimate prognostic factors. This is a retrospective, multicentre cohort study, based on data from 46 285 hospitalisations for COVID-19 in Brazil. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier's method. The log-rank test compared the survival functions for each variable and from that, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, and the proportional hazard model was used in Cox multiple regression. The smallest survival curves were the ones for patients at the age of 68 years or more, black/mixed race, illiterate, living in the countryside, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, influenza-like outbreak, O(2) saturation <95%, X-ray change, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive ventilatory support, previous heart disease, pneumopathy, diabetes, Down's syndrome, neurological disease and kidney disease. Better survival was observed in the influenza-like outbreak and in an asthmatic patient. The multiple model for increased risk of death when they were admitted to the ICU HR 1.28, diabetes HR 1.17, neurological disease HR 1.34, kidney disease HR 1.11, heart disease HR 1.14, black or mixed race of HR 1.50, asthma HR 0.71 and pneumopathy HR 1.12. This reinforces the importance of socio-demographic and clinical factors as a prognosis for death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32892789/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002034 id: cord-189256-72eumkal author: Santosh, Roshan title: Detecting Emerging Symptoms of COVID-19 using Context-based Twitter Embeddings date: 2020-11-08 words: 2869.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt txt: ./txt/cord-189256-72eumkal.txt summary: More generally, the method can be applied to finding context-specific words and texts (e.g. symptom mentions) in large imbalanced corpora (e.g. all tweets mentioning #COVID-19). We evaluate our graph-based approach on 2 different datasets, with each dataset having a different context -1) COVID-19 Symptom Detection; and 2) Adverse Drug Reaction Identification. With the 1 million COVID-19 tweet dataset, we use cough as the seed word, k = 0.3, maxDepth = 3 and n = 5 to test our approach. Evaluation Similar to COVID-19 symptom detection evaluation, we evaluate the model''s performance for ADR detection, where a positive word represents an adverse reaction to a drug (Table 3) . In this study, we present an iterative learning approach to generate such a "master" list of COVID-19 symptoms, using the identification of words matching a specific symptom context. abstract: In this paper, we present an iterative graph-based approach for the detection of symptoms of COVID-19, the pathology of which seems to be evolving. More generally, the method can be applied to finding context-specific words and texts (e.g. symptom mentions) in large imbalanced corpora (e.g. all tweets mentioning #COVID-19). Given the novelty of COVID-19, we also test if the proposed approach generalizes to the problem of detecting Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We find that the approach applied to Twitter data can detect symptom mentions substantially before being reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.03983v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-284545-vn60yd46 author: Sanyaolu, Adekunle title: Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 3742.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284545-vn60yd46.txt summary: Furthermore, older patients, especially those 65 years old and above who have comorbidities and are infected, have an increased admission rate into the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality from the COVID-19 disease. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Adekunle Sanyaolu sanyakunle@hotmail.com 1 Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria A retrospective study of middle-aged and elderly patients with COVID-19 found that the elderly population is more susceptible to this illness and is more likely to be admitted to the ICU with a higher mortality rate [3] . Authorities speculate that subjects with comorbidities were linked to a more severe disease outcome when infected with the novel coronavirus when compared with patients with no underlying disease [31] . Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, the virus has made its way across the globe to affect over 180 countries. SARS-CoV-2 has infected humans in all age groups, of all ethnicities, both males and females while spreading through communities at an alarming rate. Given the nature of this virus, there is much still to be learned; however, we know that the clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, and even death. It is believed that COVID-19, in those with underlying health conditions or comorbidities, has an increasingly rapid and severe progression, often leading to death. This paper examined the comorbid conditions, the progression of the disease, and mortality rates in patients of all ages, infected with the ongoing COVID-19 disease. An electronic literature review search was performed, and applicable data was then collected from peer-reviewed articles published from January to April 20, 2020. From what is known at the moment, patients with COVID-19 disease who have comorbidities, such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus, are more likely to develop a more severe course and progression of the disease. Furthermore, older patients, especially those 65 years old and above who have comorbidities and are infected, have an increased admission rate into the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality from the COVID-19 disease. Patients with comorbidities should take all necessary precautions to avoid getting infected with SARS CoV-2, as they usually have the worst prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4 id: cord-269202-re2djjrc author: Sapino, Anna title: The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience date: 2020-04-29 words: 1140.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269202-re2djjrc.txt summary: "in patients dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the autopsies can confirm laboratory and radiological findings and can contribute to an accurate diagnosis and to a better understanding of mechanisms of the disease." In the meantime, the SIAPC Board accepted to collaborate with the Scientific Society of Hospital Forensic Medicine of the National Health System (COMLAS) to produce a joint document, which was available on the SIAPEC web site on March 22 [2] . In addition, in cases of autopsies without apparent SARS-CoV-2 infection, we recommend (i) to discuss with the clinicians the reason why the post-mortem examination is requested; (ii) and if available, to perform nasal-oropharyngeal swabs on corpses This article is part of the Topical Collection on Quality in Pathology * Mattia Barbareschi mattia.barbareschi@apss.tn.it within 2 h of death to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection to implement the safety measures [3] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02828-2 doi: 10.1007/s00428-020-02828-2 id: cord-034181-ji4empe6 author: Saqib, Mohd title: Forecasting COVID-19 outbreak progression using hybrid polynomial-Bayesian ridge regression model date: 2020-10-23 words: 4637.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034181-ji4empe6.txt summary: The model is formulated using Bayesian Ridge Regression hybridized with an n-degree Polynomial and uses probabilistic distribution to estimate the value of the dependent variable instead of using traditional methods. Furthermore, one issue occurs when working with time-series data (as COVID-19 confirmed cases) is over-fitting particularly when estimating models with large numbers of parameters over relatively short periods and the solution to the over-fitting problem, is to take a Bayesian approach (using Ridge Regularization) which allows us to impose certain priors on depended variables [26] . In the Bayesian regression approach, we can take into account Other models are developed with good accuracy but as well as data become available, those entire algorithms will not able to survive without a few evaluations due to the dynamic nature of pandemic escalation of the COVID-19 but the proposed model corrects the distributions for model parameters and forecasting results using parameters distributions. abstract: In 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2) Coronavirus, unforeseen pandemic put humanity at big risk and health professionals are facing several kinds of problem due to rapid growth of confirmed cases. That is why some prediction methods are required to estimate the magnitude of infected cases and masses of studies on distinct methods of forecasting are represented so far. In this study, we proposed a hybrid machine learning model that is not only predicted with good accuracy but also takes care of uncertainty of predictions. The model is formulated using Bayesian Ridge Regression hybridized with an n-degree Polynomial and uses probabilistic distribution to estimate the value of the dependent variable instead of using traditional methods. This is a completely mathematical model in which we have successfully incorporated with prior knowledge and posterior distribution enables us to incorporate more upcoming data without storing previous data. Also, L(2) (Ridge) Regularization is used to overcome the problem of overfitting. To justify our results, we have presented case studies of three countries, −the United States, Italy, and Spain. In each of the cases, we fitted the model and estimate the number of possible causes for the upcoming weeks. Our forecast in this study is based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins University available until 11th May 2020. We are concluding with further evolution and scope of the proposed model. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581693/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-01942-7 id: cord-335175-7rvv2kzk author: Saqlain, M. title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Professionals regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-04-17 words: 4690.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335175-7rvv2kzk.txt summary: Therefore, the aim of study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among HCPs in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. Currently, there is scarce information regarding the awareness level of HCPs in Pakistan, Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the current status of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in Pakistan. The questionnaire was consisted of questions assessing demographics, information source, knowledge, attitude, practice toward COVID-19 and perceived barriers in infection control practice (Supplementary file 1). Despite of a prioritized global health emergency and availability of easily accessible sources provided by both national (National Institute of Health (NIH, Islamabad)) and international (WHO) healthcare authorities, these findings have shown knowledge gap among HCPs. This proportion (20%) is higher than other study that stated only 9.1% respondents have answered that flu vaccine could provide protection against COVID-19 [10] . Findings providing confidence as HCPs have good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice regarding COVID-19. abstract: Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable infection and Pakistan due to its geographical location is vulnerable to a worst outbreak. Pakistan faces sudden hike in number of positive cases including number of healthcare professionals (HCPs) also acquired infection. Therefore, the aim of study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among HCPs in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. Methods An online survey-based study was conducted during the month of March among healthcare professionals including physicians, pharmacists and nurses. A self-administered validated (Cronbach alpha= 0.077) questionnaire comprised of five sections (Demographics, Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied by using SPSS version 21. Results Of 414 participants, 29.98% (n=120) physicians, 46.65% (n= 189) pharmacists and 25.36% (n= 105) nurses. Most commonly utilized information source was social media. Findings showed HCPs have good knowledge (93.2%, n=386), positive attitude and good practice regarding COVID-19. HCPs perceived that limited infection control material and poor knowledge regarding transmission of COVID-19 are the major barriers in infection control practice. Factors such as age, experience and job were significantly associated with good knowledge and practice. Conclusion HCPs in Pakistan have good knowledge, reflected by positive attitude and good practice. Yet, there are areas where gaps in knowledge and practice was observed. To effectively control infection spread, well-structured training programs must be launched by government targeting all kinds of HCPs to raise their existed knowledge. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063198 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20063198 id: cord-338467-7om13u87 author: Saqlain, M. title: Public Knowledge and Practices regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey from Pakistan date: 2020-06-02 words: 3609.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338467-7om13u87.txt summary: Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic required true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. Positive practices were significantly (OR>1.00, p<0.05) related to the older age ([≥]50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19. The study concluded that Pakistani residents had good knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. In context of the explanation above, the current study aimed to evaluate the current level of awareness regarding transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures of COVID-19 among the general population in Pakistan. Findings indicated that 80.55% (n=555) participants had good practice in following precautionary measures regarding COVID-19. A possible reason for less knowledge reported in this study could be explained by the fact that the majority of respondents attained COVID-19 related information from social media. abstract: Effective mitigation of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic required true adoption of precautionary measures by the masses, that primarily depends upon their knowledge and practices behaviors. The current study aimed to evaluate the knowledge; practices of Pakistani residents regarding COVID-19 and factors associated with good knowledge and positive practices. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 15-April 2020 to 20 May 2020 among 689 Pakistanis by using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Regression analysis was applied to find potential predictor of knowledge and practices. Of 689 participants, more than half had good knowledge; 80% had good practices regarding COVID-19 and majority seek knowledge from social media. Knowledge was significantly higher (OR>1.00, p<0.05) among educated and higher income participants. Positive practices were significantly (OR>1.00, p<0.05) related to the older age ([≥]50 years), higher education, higher income and good knowledge regarding COVID-19. The study concluded that Pakistani residents had good knowledge and practices towards COVID-19 yet there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, and practice that should be focused in future awareness and educational campaigns. The study recommends the ministry of health authorities to promote all precautionary and preventive measures of COVID-19-consisting of a better-organized approach- to all strata of society: less privileged people, older ones and less educated people, in order to have equilibrium of knowledge about COVID-19; hence effective implementation of precautionary measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.01.20119404 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20119404 id: cord-311085-jmuyi53x author: Saqlain, Muhammad title: Is Pakistan prepared to tackle the coronavirus epidemic? date: 2020-03-20 words: 1210.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311085-jmuyi53x.txt summary: Also on 26 February 2020, the Pakistan Federal Health Minister confirmed the first two cases of COVID-19 in Karachi and Islamabad [2, 6] . First, the federal government, in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Authority, established a system to screen every passenger who had traveled directly or indirectly from China and other infected countries, including South Korea, Japan, and Thailand [8] . Currently, Pakistan is capable of testing samples from suspected cases within the country at the main diagnostic laboratory at the NIH [11] , and also at WHO-designated COVID-19 test centers in seven hospitals countrywide (two centers each in Karachi and Quetta, and one center each in Peshawar, Islamabad and Lahore) [12] . Unfortunately, Pakistan is located between two main coronavirus centers, i.e. China and Iran, with considerable traffic to and from these countries. Pakistan ''concerned'' over Iran coronavirus outbreak, closes border abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32218652/ doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00721-1 id: cord-278609-zxdd06ur author: Sarac, Benjamin A. title: The Impact of COVID-19-based Suspension of Surgeries on Plastic Surgery Practices: A Survey of ACAPS Members date: 2020-08-03 words: 2767.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278609-zxdd06ur.txt summary: Data on individual and plastic surgery practice demographics, COVID-19 prevention measures, and procedures or services that were being performed or delayed were collected and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic surgeons have seen a drastic decrease in the variety of procedures and services they are allowed to offer during the COVID-19 pandemic. 7 Survey results showed that of the surgeons who normally offer aesthetic services, up to 8% are continuing to perform some of these procedures, which may be a result of the pandemic-caused financial strain. Multiple national societies released recommendations on the approach to breast cancer and reconstructive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2 Survey results showed that oncologic breast surgery continued during the COVID-19 outbreak, which highlights a need for clear guidelines on breast reconstruction. Plastic surgeons have seen a drastic decrease in the variety of procedures and services they are allowed to offer during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a drastic decline in the number of elective surgeries performed in the United States. Many national societies and local governments provided recommendations for surgeons to initially suspend and progressively resume elective surgery. The authors used a survey to the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) to assess the effect on plastic surgeons. METHODS: An electronic survey questionnaire was distributed to 532 members of ACAPS. Data on individual and plastic surgery practice demographics, COVID-19 prevention measures, and procedures or services that were being performed or delayed were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: An estimated 161 members (30.2%) completed the survey. Changes in hospital policy were cited as the most common reason (89%) for determining which procedures were currently offered. Results vary by specialty. Notably, <10% of respondents who normally offered aesthetic procedures currently offered any procedures during the survey. Subspecialty-specific results and prevention measures when seeing clinic patients are further summarized and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic surgeons have seen a drastic decrease in the variety of procedures and services they are allowed to offer during the COVID-19 pandemic. To help plan a return to normalcy, surgeons should create and implement plans to protect patients and staff from coronavirus transmission, assure financial solvency, and consider the effects of delayed surgeries on both the physical and mental health of their patients. In doing so, surgeons and their patients will be better prepared in the event of a resurgence of the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000003119 doi: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003119 id: cord-317707-r0q7ipa6 author: Saracco, Margherita title: Carrying on with Liver Transplantation during the COVID-19 emergency: Report from Piedmont Region date: 2020-08-07 words: 2843.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317707-r0q7ipa6.txt summary: We aimed to analyze the number of LT performed between February 24 th , 2020 and April 17 th , 2020 with the same period of time in 2019, in our high-volume transplant Center (median 150 LT/year). Furthermore, among the 5 intensive care units of our hospital, the one dedicated to transplants was maintained COVID-free, by testing each transplant recipient in advance with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPS or BAL, starting from the 22 nd of March. Between February 24 th , 2020 and April 17 th , 2020, among 22 admissions in our 7-bed sub-intensive liver unit, a 40-year-old woman, who was listed during hospitalization, developed fever during hospitalization and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPSs. Immediately transferred to a COVID unit, she came back to our unit after 7 days and 2 negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NPS and underwent LT the day after readmission to our unit. Despite all our efforts to maintain a transplant COVID-free pathway, two transplant patients, one before and one after LT were tested SARS-CoV-2 virus positive during hospitalization and both were safely discharged home. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emergency worldwide. In Italy, Liver transplant activity was carried on, but despite all efforts, a 25% reduction of procured organs has already been observed during the first 4 weeks of the outbreak. AIMS: To analyze if our strategy and organization of LT pathway during the first two months of the COVID-19 emergency succeeded in keeping a high level of LT activity, comparing the number of LT in the first two months with the same period of time in 2019. METHODS: We compared the Liver transplants performed in our Center between February 24(th) and April 17(th), 2020 with Liver transplants performed in the same period in 2019. RESULTS: In 2020, 21 patients underwent Liver transplantation from deceased donors, exactly as the year before, without statistically significant difference. All patients survived in both groups, and the rate of early graft dysfunction was 24% in 2020 and 33% in 2019. In 2020 Median MELD was higher (17vs 13). We were able to perform 3 multiorgan transplants and one acute liver failure. Nobody died on waiting list. The performance of our Center, despite the maxi-emergency situation, was steady and this was the result of a tremendous team working within the hospital and in our Region. CONCLUSIONS: Team working allowed our Center to maintain its activity level, taking care of patients before and after Liver transplantation. Sharing our experience, we hope to be helpful to other Centers that are facing the pandemic and, if another pandemic comes, to be more prepared to deal with it. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210740120302072 doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.017 id: cord-291146-f3e5ynhu author: Sarangarajan, Rangaprasad title: Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers date: 2020-09-08 words: 4321.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt summary: The specificity of hypertension and cardiovascular disease as underlying causes for severity of COVID-19 infection, the inherent role of ACE-mediated generation of Ang-II and downstream signalling to potentially exacerbate inflammation and organ damage along with genotypic impact on ACE status provide compelling support of the use of ACE-I and ARBs in the clinical management of patient with positive diagnosis of COVID-19. The significant genetic, scientific and clinical data supporting a potential role for increased ACE levels and associated Ang-II effect in target organs provides compelling argument for use of ACE-I and ARBs in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 infections to improve outcomes. In summary, this study describes the biological relevance of genetic polymorphism of ACE deletion with higher prevalence in certain ethnic populations including African Americans in context of COVID-19 infection and rationale for the use of ACE-I/ARBs for therapeutic management of severity of morbidity and improving outcomes associated with COVID-19. abstract: RATIONALE: Hypertension, obesity and diabetes are major risk factors associated with morbidities underlying COVID-19 infections. Regression analysis correlated presence of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism to COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Furthermore, COVID-19 prevalence correlated to allele frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion (D) polymorphism within the European population. OBJECTIVE: Homozygous ACE deletion polymorphism is associated with increase in ACE and angiotensin II (Ang-II), sustained levels can result in inflammation, fibrosis and organ damage. The ACE DD polymorphism is also associated with hypertension, acute respiratory distress and diabetic nephropathy, all considered high risk for COVID-19 infection and outcomes. The study objective was to describe a biological framework associating ethnic prevalence of ACE deletion polymorphism to COVID-19 comorbidities providing rationale for therapeutic utility of ACE-I/ARBs to improve outcomes. METHOD AND RESULTS: The Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) was queried for frequency of rs4646994 representing ACE I/D polymorphism. In a total of 349 worldwide population samples, frequency of ACE D allele was higher in European, Asian, and Africans cohorts. In the USA, the frequency of ACE D allele was higher in non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White and Mexican Americans. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 binding mediated reduction/inactivation of ACE-II can increase ACE/Ang-II signalling pathway and related pathologies. The presence of ACE DD polymorphism with COVID-19 infection likely augments ACE/Ang-II activities, increasing severity of COVID-19 morbidities and impacts outcomes. Thus, ethnic prevalence of ACE DD polymorphism can explain in part the severity of COVID-19 morbidity providing rationale for the use of ACE-I/ARBs to improve outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32901433/ doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00853-0 id: cord-355047-ri43d5wk author: Sarangi, Bhakti title: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian Children in the Initial Phase of the Pandemic date: 2020-07-28 words: 1798.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355047-ri43d5wk.txt summary: METHODS: Clinical and laboratory profile and outcomes were studied for children (aged 1 month — 18 years) presenting between 1 April, 2020 and 20 May, 2020 with positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. All children between one month and 18 years of age who tested positive by the RT-PCR technique for nasopharyngeal swab were included in the study -these also included asymptomatic children as per the management guidelines in force. High CRP values have now become synonymous with severe COVID-19 infection among adults as seen in majority of the studies [13] . In conclusion, our study shows that there is a higher disease burden in lower-socioeconomic groups with majority of children having a positive household contact. • Majority of Indian children with SARS-CoV-2 infection had a mild course of disease during the initial stages of the pandemic Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: An observational cohort study abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with COVID-19, early in the pandemic. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory profile and outcomes were studied for children (aged 1 month — 18 years) presenting between 1 April, 2020 and 20 May, 2020 with positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. RESULTS: 50 children (56% male) with median (IQR) age of 6 (2–12) years were included. Majority (56%) were from families belonging to Kuppuswamy upper lower socioeconomic class. 45 (90%) had positive household contact, and 33 (66%) had overcrowding at home. 29 (58%) children were asymptomatic while 20 (40%) had mild symptoms. Fever, cough, and sore throat were the most common symptoms. High C-reactive protein levels were seen in 15 (30%) children. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: The disease burden appears high in lower socio-economic group with majority having a positive household contact. Milder disease pattern in the pediatric age group is reiterated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32729850/ doi: 10.1007/s13312-020-1994-4 id: cord-354349-hbk2p6ej author: Sardar, Sundus title: COVID-19 and Plasmodium vivax malaria co-infection date: 2020-06-20 words: 1722.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354349-hbk2p6ej.txt summary: With its variety of clinical manifestations including, but not limited to, fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, myalgia and fatigue, it may be challenging to distinguish COVID-19 from a spectrum of diseases with similar presentations, such as malaria, especially in endemic areas. The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since reached pandemic proportions affecting more than 8 million cases worldwide with total deaths exceeding 400,000 [1] . SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, malaria, Plasmodium vivax, co-infection, artesunate In this case, artesunate and artemether were initiated as the treatment regimen; whether these agents offered protective effects from respiratory deterioration or multi-organ involvement despite SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear and should be further explored. Our case highlights the importance of identifying possible underlying secondary infections in concurrence with SARS-CoV-2, which may be otherwise overlooked amidst the challenges of the current unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented global health challenge. With its variety of clinical manifestations including, but not limited to, fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, myalgia and fatigue, it may be challenging to distinguish COVID-19 from a spectrum of diseases with similar presentations, such as malaria, especially in endemic areas. Risk of concomitant infections also remains a concern owing to overburdening of healthcare services and possible scarcity of resources. We present the first reported case of confirmed COVID and malaria co-infection. In this case, we emphasize the need for vigilance from frontline clinicians for timely diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of potential co-infections in the COVID era. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250920301876?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00879 id: cord-275260-xuhxqkyj author: Sardu, Celestino title: Hyperglycaemia on admission to hospital and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 1203.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275260-xuhxqkyj.txt summary: The analysis of the data obtained on a very large population (1317 patients) provided important information, highlighting a role for BMI in disease severity, but did not correctly interpret the data on the role of hyperglycaemia at admission to hospital. Moreover, increased plasma glucose on admission to hospital was associated with poorer outcomes in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 [2] [3] [4] . To investigate the role of early glycaemic control in the outcomes of patients with COVID-19, we studied 132 consecutive hospitalised hyperglycaemic patients with moderate disease, admitted to Infectious diseases departments (Vanvitelli University, Naples Italy; San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital, Caserta, Italy). Fig. 1 (a) Blood glucose levels on admission to hospital and after 24 h for patients with (n = 60) and without severe disease (n = 72) at 20 days after hospitalisation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632527/ doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05216-2 id: cord-323906-ro078y52 author: Sardu, Celestino title: Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 words: 3581.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323906-ro078y52.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that non-0 covid-19 hypertensive patients have significantly higher values of pro-thrombotic indexes, as well as higher rate of cardiac injury and deaths compared to 0 patients. Actually, although hypertension is known to trigger endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic status [9] , no data are currently available exploring the association of AB0 group with inflammatory/thrombotic status in hypertensive patients with diagnosis of covid-19.Therefore, in this study we investigated the inflammatory/thrombotic status and clinical outcomes as cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19,comparing 0 vs. Then, we performed a multivariate analysis, which revealed that interleukin-6 (IL-6, 1.118, CI 95% 1.067-1.171) and non-0 blood group (2.574, CI 95% 1.207-5.490) were identified as independent predictors of cardiac injury in hypertensive patients with covid-19 (Table 2) . In this sense, it is critical to note that we found that the non-0 blood group results in 2.6-fold and 3.7-fold increased risk to develop cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most frequent co-morbidity in patients with covid-19 infection, and we might speculate that a specific blood group could play a key role in the clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with covid-19. METHODS: In this prospective study, we compared 0 vs. non-0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection. In these patients, we evaluated inflammatory and thrombotic status, cardiac injury, and death events. RESULTS: Patients in non-0 (n = 92) vs. 0 blood group (n = 72) had significantly different values of activated pro-thrombin time, D-dimer, and thrombotic indexes as Von Willebrand factor and Factor VIII (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients in non-0 vs. 0 blood group had higher rate of cardiac injury (10 (13.9%) vs. 27 (29.3%)) and death, (6 (8.3%) vs. 18 (19.6%)), (p < 0.05). At the multivariate analysis, Interleukin-6 (1.118, CI 95% 1.067–1.171) and non-0 blood group (2.574, CI 95% 1.207–5.490) were independent predictors of cardiac injury in hypertensive patients with covid-19. D-dimer (1.082, CI 95% 1.027–1.140), Interleukin-6 (1.216, CI 95% 1.082–1.367) and non-0 blood group (3.706, CI 95% 1.223–11.235) were independent predictors of deaths events in hypertensive patients with covid-19. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that non-0 covid-19 hypertensive patients have significantly higher values of pro-thrombotic indexes, as well as higher rate of cardiac injury and deaths compared to 0 patients. Moreover, AB0 blood type influences worse prognosis in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01658-z doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01658-z id: cord-028444-bl9ahsxk author: Sarfo, Anthony Kwabena title: Application of Geospatial Technologies in the COVID-19 Fight of Ghana date: 2020-07-04 words: 4601.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028444-bl9ahsxk.txt summary: This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. This app coupled with WorldPop analyses aided in the mapping of mobility patterns and tracking of infected cases or pandemics, hence, giving credence to how powerful spatial analysis methods are in modeling the spread of disease, pattern detection, delineating and hotspots and determination of possible future occurrences (Gardner 2020) . Comparing population distribution and COVID-19 cases (Fig. 5) , there is seemingly a link in infection trends and the regional level of Ghana''s population distribution.. The modeling was based on mobility dynamics, current COVID-19 cases, population dynamics, and the rate of SARS-CoV2 infection in Ghana. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infections continue unabated in Ghana and globally. The identification of country dynamics of the virus, its spread, and country-specific interventions in tackling the menace including the application of geospatial technologies. This research sought to highlight the use of geospatial technologies in the fight against COVID-19 in Ghana with best practices from China where the infections originated from; present the trends in Ghana and model near future trends of the virus. It was evident that just as other places, Ghana has employed geospatial technologies and continues to ply unchartered paths in solutions. The trend in Ghana is in line with a population concentration and tends to record higher figures in the southern parts. It is modeled that through incessant mobility patterns, infections will spread through to the middle parts and then the northern parts. The research, therefore, recommends the use of infrared scanners to augment testing practices and enhanced tracing of infected persons as well as the use of drones for the distribution of essential services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334632/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00145-3 id: cord-272757-pyl89jqk author: Sarhan, A. R. title: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iraq: The First Wave and Future Scenario date: 2020-06-26 words: 2939.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272757-pyl89jqk.txt summary: By 24 May 2020, the confirmed cases of COVID-19 reached 4469 and reported 160 deaths, while 2738 patients recovered from the infection (22) . While the incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the total number of COVID-19 confirmed cases (tc) divided by the population (p) of each province times 100,000 (25) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.20138370 doi: medRxiv preprint cities, the fatalities of COVID-19 infection in Baghdad was high (97 deaths), followed by Basra (18 deaths) and Kerbala with 8 deaths ( Figure 1C ). Among the confirmed cases of COVID 19, cure rates have shown a promising trend in some cities ( Figure 3 ). In Iraq, as of 24 May, 4469 COVID 19 confirmed cases, 160 deaths and 2738 patients who have recovered from the virus and discharged from hospitals. abstract: The first patient with COVID-19 was reported in Iraq on 24 February 2020 for the Iranian student came from Iran. As of 24 May 2020, the confirmed cases of COVID-19 infections reached 4469, with 160 deaths and 2738 patients were recovered from the infection. Significant public health strategies have been implemented by the authorities to contain the outbreak nationwide. Nevertheless however, the number of cases is still rising dramatically. Here, we aim to describe a comprehensive and epidemiological study of all cases diagnosed in Iraq by 24 May 2020. Most of the cases were recorded in Baghdad followed by Basra and Najaf. About 45% of the patients were female (with 31% deaths of the total cases) and 55% were male (with 68% deaths of the total cases). Most cases are between the ages of (20-59) years old, and (30-39) years are the most affected range (19%) Approximately (8%) of cases are children under 10 years old. Iraq has shown a cure rate lower than those reported by Iran, Turkey and Jordan; and higher than Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Healthcare workers represented about (5%) of the total confirmed cases. These findings enable us to understand COVID-19 epidemiology and prevalence in Iraq that can alert the our community to the risk of this novel coronavirus and serve as a baseline for future studies. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.23.20138370v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.23.20138370 id: cord-269428-0cusg8d1 author: Sari, Dina Keumala title: Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia date: 2020-06-24 words: 4135.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269428-0cusg8d1.txt summary: title: Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public''s knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public''s knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to illustrate the correlation between the general public''s knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. The questionnaire was compiled based on questions relating to people''s knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19 infection in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the general public has good knowledge and a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. To determine the correlation between the general public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak 1 month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between early March and the end of April 2020 in the general population of Indonesia, beginning with the North Sumatra region, where the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia began. Questionnaires were randomly distributed online in the red zone in Indonesia. Data were collected by collecting people’s responses to the questionnaire, which were distributed via WhatsApp (WA) application and were competed independently by the participants. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of the general population. A total of 201 people had good knowledge (98%) and a positive attitude (96%) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents had a negative attitude in relation to two aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak: having to always maintain a distance of 1.5 m when in crowds, and not being able to regularly exercise or eat nutritious food (78.6% and 79.1%, respectively). Most people in Indonesia have good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. However, negative attitudes were still found in this study, and as a result, transmission prevention measures cannot reach their maximum effectiveness by simply publicizing the increase in day-to-day cases to the general public. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00866-0 doi: 10.1007/s10900-020-00866-0 id: cord-280975-9hgtvm6d author: Sarkar, Kankan title: Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-06-28 words: 3771.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280975-9hgtvm6d.txt summary: A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the robustness of model predictions to parameter values and the sensitive parameters are estimated from the real data on the COVID-19 pandemic in India. [27] extended the SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed) compartment model to study the dynamics of COVID-19 incorporating public perception of risk and the number of cumulative cases. Here, we developed 70 a new epidemiological mathematical model for novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in India that extends the standard SEIR compartment model, alike to that studied by Tang et al. We develop here a classical SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered)-type epidemiological model 75 by introducing contact tracing and other interventions such as quarantine, lockdown, social distancing and isolation that can represent the overall dynamics of novel coronavirus or COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). The square of sum of 185 the error computed as Σ n i=1 (C(i) − S(i)) 2 , where C(i) represents the observed daily new COVID-19 cases on i-th day, S(i) is the SARII q S q model simulation on i-th day and n is the sample size of the observed data. abstract: In India, 1,00,340 confirmed cases and 3,155 confirmed deaths due to COVID-19 were reported as of May 18, 2020. Due to absence of specific vaccine or therapy, non-pharmacological interventions including social distancing, contact tracing are essential to end the worldwide COVID-19. We propose a mathematical model that predicts the dynamics of COVID-19 in 17 provinces of India and the overall India. A complete scenario is given to demonstrate the estimated pandemic life cycle along with the real data or history to date, which in turn divulges the predicted inflection point and ending phase of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed model monitors the dynamics of six compartments, namely susceptible (S), asymptomatic (A), recovered (R), infected (I), isolated infected (I(q)) and quarantined susceptible (S(q)), collectively expressed SARII(q)S(q). A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the robustness of model predictions to parameter values and the sensitive parameters are estimated from the real data on the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Our results reveal that achieving a reduction in the contact rate between uninfected and infected individuals by quarantined the susceptible individuals, can effectively reduce the basic reproduction number. Our model simulations demonstrate that the elimination of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is possible by combining the restrictive social distancing and contact tracing. Our predictions are based on real data with reasonable assumptions, whereas the accurate course of epidemic heavily depends on how and when quarantine, isolation and precautionary measures are enforced. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07071v1.pdf doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110049 id: cord-351665-6gwb900b author: Sarkar, Priyanka title: Coupled human-environment system amid COVID-19 crisis: A conceptual model to understand the nexus date: 2020-08-18 words: 5722.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351665-6gwb900b.txt summary: The specific objectives of the study were to (i) perform a meta-analysis of existing literature reporting various impacts of COVID-19 on human society and the natural environment, and (ii) develop a conceptual model to illustrate and understand the complex nexus of CHES amid the pandemic. In addition to the impact of COVID-19 in terms of infection and death as discussed in section 4.1, extended lockdown and stay-at-home regulations against the pandemic has associated human health risks such as weight gains due to sedentary lifestyle, psychological/behavioral changes, etc. The main purpose of the study was to propose a conceptual model to portray and address how the interaction of the existing elements of both sub-components of CHES -human society and natural environment -are impacted by the various governmental interventions i.e., lockdown, social distancing, quarantine, etc. abstract: Abstract The world today is dealing with a havoc crisis due to the pervasive outbreak of COVID-19. As a preventive measure against the pandemic, government authorities worldwide have implemented and adopted strict policy interventions such as lockdown, social distancing, and quarantine, to curtail the disease transmission. Consequently, humans have been experiencing several ill impacts, while the natural environment has been reaping the benefits of the interventions. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the interlinked relationship between human society and the natural environment amid the current crisis. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis of existing literature reporting the various impacts of COVID-19 on human society and the natural environment. A conceptual model was developed to portray and address how the interaction of the existing elements of both sub-components of the coupled human-environment system (CHES) – human society and natural environment – are impacted by the government interventions. Results revealed a suite of positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 on both the sub-components. Our model provides an explicit impression of the complex nexus of CHES amid the current crisis. The proposed conceptual model could help in understanding the complex nexus by identifying the route of short-term impacts of COVID-19 measures and thus may aid in identifying priority areas for discussion and planning in similar other crises as well. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720352864?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141757 id: cord-340394-yzkl0chl author: Sarkis, Joseph title: Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks date: 2020-07-24 words: 2394.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340394-yzkl0chl.txt summary: title: Overcoming the Arrogance of Ignorance: Supply-Chain Lessons from COVID-19 for Climate Shocks We offer a supply-chain perspective and a set of pragmatic actions to increase resilience to climate shocks. We should contemplate and consider the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to better prepare economies and societies for climate shocks. We end on a series of recommended responses-a call to action-to better prepare for and avoid the potentially irreversible consequences of climate shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic has showcased the diverse and extreme consequences of crisis shocks, causing waves of social, political, economic, environmental, and technological change. Although the current crisis has brought Commentary One Earth 3, July 24, 2020 11 ll lessons from which we can learn to better prepare our economies and societies for climate shocks, overcoming the ''''arrogance of ignorance'''' is a crucial first step. Here''s how global supply chains will change after COVID-19 abstract: The effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remind us of our arrogance of ignorance. Society has suffered. We are emerging scarred but enlightened. Can COVID-19 lessons help us avoid repeating the same mistakes with future climate shocks? We offer a supply-chain perspective and a set of pragmatic actions to increase resilience to climate shocks. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332220303067 doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.017 id: cord-313151-coqbcrwc author: Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu title: Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 words: 3367.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313151-coqbcrwc.txt summary: title: Global assessment of environment, health and economic impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) The institution of social distancing and punitive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through human-to-human transmission has environmental, health and economic impact. We report the health system policies, environmental sustainability issues, and fiscal, monetary and exchange rate measures introduced during lockdown across countries. The emergence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has triggered the necessity of environment-health-economic nexus. These containment measures put in place to reduce health outcomes of the global pandemic have affected environmental sustainability and economic development. Several measures to support and significantly impact the health system have been instituted across countries to provide an immediate response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The intensity of the global pandemic (COVID-19) has affected global economic development, resulting in several fiscal measures, monetary policies and private sector economic burden-sharing across countries. abstract: The institution of social distancing and punitive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through human-to-human transmission has environmental, health and economic impact. While the global pandemic has led to the enhancement of the health system and decline of emissions, economic development appears deteriorating. Here, we present the global environmental, health and economic dimension of the effect of COVID-19 using qualitative and empirical assessments. We report the health system policies, environmental sustainability issues, and fiscal, monetary and exchange rate measures introduced during lockdown across countries. While air pollution is reported to have declined, municipal and medical waste is increasing. The COVID-19 global pandemic uncertainty ranks the UK as the country with the highest uncertainty level among 143 countries. The USA has introduced 100% of pre-COVID-19 crisis level GDP, the highest policy cut-rate among 162 countries. Science, innovation, research and development underpin COVID-19 containment measures implemented across countries. Our study demonstrates the need for future research to focus on environment-health-economic nexus—a trilemma that has a potential trade-off. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837273/ doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00801-2 id: cord-291501-9dhldjjp author: Sarraf, David title: Is virtual existence our new reality? date: 2020-05-25 words: 1490.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt summary: A culture that more and more is moving in the direction of a virtual existence with a preference to limit human contact and only communicate through a digital interface that eliminates our deepest anxieties and fears. In an effort to urge greater resiliency of her constituency in the fight against the coronavirus which continues to infect thousands of people every day, just here in the state of California, she noted: "…this is not the end. Roosevelt: "We have nothing to fear but fear itself." The political policies to fight COVID-19 and "flatten the curve" of infection have been successful and have reduced conversion rates so that hospital ERs and ICUs are not overburdened, ensuring that patients with coronavirus throughout the world receive optimal care. It is clear that one of the reasons for the higher death rate in Italy may relate to severely ill COVID patients who did not receive necessary supportive care in time because hospitals were overwhelmed by deathly sick coronavirus patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32448922/ doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04750-4 id: cord-308184-w8ewm8ve author: Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo title: How to handle patients with autoimmune rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 era: An expert opinion date: 2020-05-05 words: 3430.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308184-w8ewm8ve.txt summary: Disease activity, co-morbidities, immunosuppressive drugs including glucocorticoids (GCs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), conventional synthetic (csDMARDs), biological (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs), and the biological agents currently available for treating patients with IBD are all considered risk factors for infective complications. This has raised concerns about the potential risk of COVID-19 infection in IBD patients (particularly those who are taking immunosuppressants or biological drugs) because of the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in the old and frail with co-morbidities. As a result of the early warning and strict preventive measures, none of the patients developed any significant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection, not even those being treated with corticosteroids (12.6%), immunosuppressants (11%) and biological agents (6%), or those with co-morbidities. The first challenge for rheumatologists is to decide whether to interrupt or continue a treatment: although it is true that the treatment is designed to control disease activity, it is also undeniable that the same treatment may expose patients, such other infection, to an increased risk for COVID-19. abstract: • A correct patient risk stratification is of paramount importance for the proper management of economic and human resources. • It's fundamental to prioritize clinical trials evaluating dosing, prophylaxis, and treatment with immunosuppressant in COVID-19 in order to avoid either an overuse and a treatment shortage. • Future controlled studies may highlight in our patients a potential preventive role of immunosuppressant therapies in the development of severe forms of Covid-19. • Despite the overall risk of infection in rheumatic and gastroenterological diseases a conclusive association between these diseases and COVID −19 remains questionable. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1568997220301361 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102574 id: cord-327697-80msva10 author: Sarı, Cenk title: The outcomes of the postulated interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system on the clinician’s attitudes toward hypertension treatment date: 2020-11-09 words: 3552.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327697-80msva10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327697-80msva10.txt summary: Concern has arisen about the role played in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). In the first half of 2020, it was speculated that angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may make patients more susceptible to COVID-19 disease and lead to worse outcomes. Observational studies have reported that patients taking ACE-i/ARBs treatment are at increased risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV2 and developing severe forms of COVID-19 disease. The strategy for repeating therapy was the same in all physicians, and the practice of starting new ACE-i/ARBs reported by the cardiologists was statistically different from that of both internal medicine and family medicine/general practitioners (8.0 ± 4 vs 8.0 ± 4 vs 9.0 ± 3, p < 0.05) ( Table 2) . The present survey is the first study to have provided a snapshot showing behaviors of Turkish physicians toward prescribing ACE-i/ARBs treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Concern has arisen about the role played in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). This study was designed to assess the practice behaviors of physicians toward hypertension treatment with ACE-i or ARBs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A self-administered survey questionnaire consisting of 26 questions about current hypertension treatment with ACE-i/ ARBs was applied to cardiologists, internists, and family physicians in central and western Turkey, between 01 and 19 May 2020. A total of 460 physicians were approached, and 220 (47.8%) participated in the study. Of the total respondents, 78.7% reported that they had not changed their antihypertensive medication prescribing pattern, 8.6% of clinicians had changed ACE-i/ ARBs medicine of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and 12.7% of them were undecided. The median (±interquartile range) score indicating general reliance level of physicians in ACE-i/ARBs therapy was 8 ± 4 (range, 1–10). In multiple comparison analyses, the general reliance level in ACE-i/ARBs, reliance level when starting a new ACEi/ARBs and changing behavior in heart failure patients were significantly different with regard to the specialties (p:0.02, p:0.009, p:0.005 respectively). Although most of the physicians found the publications about ACE-i/ ARBs during the COVID-19 pandemic untrustworthy, there were variable levels of knowledge and reliance among different physicians and specialty groups. In general, the ACE-i/ ARBs prescribing habits were not affected by safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33168943/ doi: 10.1038/s41371-020-00436-w id: cord-310104-1c7q9m06 author: Sasangohar, Farzan title: Provider Burnout and Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From a High-Volume Intensive Care Unit date: 2020-04-20 words: 3250.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310104-1c7q9m06.txt summary: T he novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has resulted in an overall surge in new cases of depression and anxiety and an exacerbation of existing mental health issues, with a particular emotional and physical toll on health care workers. In this article, we share the lessons learned collectively by an interdisciplinary team of ICU leadership and collaborating scientists at the Center for Outcomes Research at HMH about the experience of occupational fatigue and burnout of intensive care personnel as a result of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors may have exacerbated occupational fatigue and burnout in ICUs. Given our overarching roles across various facets of the health care system and our first-hand experiences with the response, the "lessons learned" documented here provide a holistic overview of major system-level problems exposed by the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004866 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004866 id: cord-287336-jvc1e8cq author: Sass, J. title: The German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO): A standardized dataset for COVID-19 research date: 2020-07-29 words: 2252.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287336-jvc1e8cq.txt summary: Here, we introduce the "German Corona Consensus Dataset" (GECCO), a uniform dataset that uses international terminologies and health IT standards to improve interoperability of COVID-19 data. Methods: Based on previous work (e.g., the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 case report form) and in coordination with experts from university hospitals, professional associations and research initiatives, data elements relevant for COVID-19 research were collected, prioritized and consolidated into a compact core dataset. Results: A core dataset consisting of 81 data elements with 281 response options was defined, including information about, for example, demography, anamnesis, symptoms, therapy, medications or laboratory values of COVID-19 patients. To improve interoperability of COVID-19 data, we developed the German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO), which uses international health IT standards and terminologies for interoperable data exchange. By using standardized data structures (HL7 FHIR profiles) and international terminologies, the GECCO dataset is an important step towards interoperability of COVID-19 research data. abstract: Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge of research activity. While this research provides important insights, the multitude of studies results in an increasing segmentation of information. To ensure comparability across projects and institutions, standard datasets are needed. Here, we introduce the "German Corona Consensus Dataset" (GECCO), a uniform dataset that uses international terminologies and health IT standards to improve interoperability of COVID-19 data. Methods: Based on previous work (e.g., the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 case report form) and in coordination with experts from university hospitals, professional associations and research initiatives, data elements relevant for COVID-19 research were collected, prioritized and consolidated into a compact core dataset. The dataset was mapped to international terminologies, and the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was used to define interoperable, machine-readable data formats. Results: A core dataset consisting of 81 data elements with 281 response options was defined, including information about, for example, demography, anamnesis, symptoms, therapy, medications or laboratory values of COVID-19 patients. Data elements and response options were mapped to SNOMED CT, LOINC, UCUM, ICD-10-GM and ATC, and FHIR profiles for interoperable data exchange were defined. Conclusion: GECCO provides a compact, interoperable dataset that can help to make COVID-19 research data more comparable across studies and institutions. The dataset will be further refined in the future by adding domain-specific extension modules for more specialized use cases. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.27.20162636v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162636 id: cord-288526-5zag3krb author: Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu title: Normal weight obesity and COVID-19 severity: A poorly recognized link date: 2020-10-21 words: 721.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288526-5zag3krb.txt summary: People with obesity (those with high body mass index (BMI)) and coronavirus disease 2019 are at increased risk of requiring intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation, and death [1] . Although BMI is a commonly used measure of obesity in clinical settings, it cannot delineate fat-free mass from adipose tissue [2] . Indeed, emerging evidence shows that visceral adiposity, independent of BMI, is associated with a high risk of critical illness in patients with COVID-19 [4, 5] . The use of the sagittal image of chest computed tomography (done routinely to diagnose COVID-19 pneumonia) to assess visceral adiposity [7, 8] , along with BMI, is a promising strategy to identify NWO individuals in clinical settings. Computed Tomography Highlights Increased Visceral Adiposity Associated With Critical Illness in COVID-19 The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection: Multiple Potential Mechanisms abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096190/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108521 id: cord-284160-sgr8p78v author: Satici, Begum title: Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey date: 2020-05-08 words: 2392.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284160-sgr8p78v.txt summary: Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach''s α, McDonald''s ω, Guttmann''s λ6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. After establishing the factorial structure of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the discrimination, difficulty, and informativeness of the scale was examined using the Item Response Theory (IRT; Chalmers 2012), which allows us to have more detailed and reliable information at the individual and item level than classical test theory. The correlations between fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction were examined to establish the concurrent validity of the scale. Data analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and depression (r = .38, p < .001), anxiety (r = .55, p < .001), and stress (r = .47, p < .001). abstract: The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of an infectious disease called COVID-19 which has drawn global intensive attention. While global attention is largely focusing on the effects of the coronavirus on physical health, the impacts of the coronavirus on psychological health cannot be overlooked. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale into Turkish and investigate the relationships between fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and life satisfaction. Data were collected by convenience sampling method, which allowed us to reach total 1304 participants, aged between 18 and 64 years, from 75 cities in Turkey. In the adaptation process of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, confirmatory factor analysis, Item Response Theory, convergent validity, and reliability (Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, Guttmann’s λ6, and composite reliability) analyses were performed. Additionally, the mediating role of psychological distress on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and life satisfaction was tested. The uni-dimensionality of the 7-item scale was confirmed on a Turkish sample. Item Response Theory revealed that all items were coherent and fit with the model. The results indicated that the Turkish version of the scale had satisfactory reliability coefficients. The fear of COVID-19 was found to be associated with psychological distress and life satisfaction. Results indicated that the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had strong psychometric properties. This scale will allow mental health professionals to do research on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 in Turkey. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0 id: cord-290085-gsma97ja author: Satici, Begum title: Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-15 words: 3968.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290085-gsma97ja.txt summary: Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73 years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing will be serially mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. Therefore, in the present study, the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, fear of COVID-19, and mental wellbeing were investigated. The findings indicated that rumination and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. Overall, in the present study, it was shown with a nationwide participant sample that the inability to tolerate uncertainty in the current pandemic might provoke fear of COVID-19 via rumination, and consequently impacting negatively on psychological wellbeing. abstract: The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become globally widespread with millions of confirmed cases and many countries implementing various levels of quarantine. Therefore, it is important to investigate the psychological consequences of this process, given the unique situation that has been experienced globally. Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73 years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. Results of serial mediation analyses showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant direct effect on mental wellbeing. Rumination and fear of COVID-19, in combination, serially mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. The findings are discussed within the framework of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and related literature. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427165/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0 id: cord-305782-gnzwe2z2 author: Satici, Celal title: Performance of Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB-65 in Predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-14 words: 3363.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305782-gnzwe2z2.txt summary: Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index (PSI) in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 and to identify other factors associated with higher mortality. Conclusion In a large group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that PSI performed better than CURB-65 in predicting mortality. According to the Health Ministry Guideline, any suspected case who is over 50 years old or has any comorbidity should be hospitalized irrespective of vital signs, laboratory results and computed tomography (CT) findings (Bilim Kurulu, 2020) Thus, a large proportion of patients with COVID-19 meet criteria for admission as an inpatient. In this study, we aimed to assess whether CURB-65 or PSI is useful tool to predict 30-day mortality and to identify other factors that are associated with higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the CURB-65 and pneumonia severity index (PSI) in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 and to identify other factors associated with higher mortality. Methods A retrospective study was performed at a pandemic hospital in Istanbul, Turkey and 681 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19 were included. Data on characteristics, vital signs and laboratory parameters were recorded form electronic medical records. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to quantify the discriminatory abilities of the prognostic scales. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify other predictors of mortality. Results Higher CRP levels were associated with an increased risk for mortality (OR:1.015, 95% CI 1.008 to 1.021, p < 0.001). The PSI performed significantly better than the CURB-65 (AUC: 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.93 vs AUC:0.88, 95% CI:0.85-0.90; p = 0.01) and the addition of CRP levels to PSI did not improve the performance of PSI in predicting mortality (AUC: 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.93 vs AUC:0.92, 95% CI:0.89-0.94; p = 0.29). Conclusion In a large group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that PSI performed better than CURB-65 in predicting mortality. Adding CRP levels to PSI did not improve the 30-day mortality prediction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553714/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.038 id: cord-343183-5jlnw6e0 author: Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri title: Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schools date: 2020-11-05 words: 2647.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343183-5jlnw6e0.txt summary: In Brazil, administrative data indicate the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on this downward trend, which was already an important challenge of the National Immunization Program in recent years. In 2020, due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), face-to-face attendance in health services dropped dramatically in many countries; this included child vaccination, given the measures of social distancing to mitigate viral transmission [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least 80 million children will be susceptible to immunopreventable diseases such as measles, diphtheria and polio because of the decrease in vaccination coverage during the covid-19 pandemic 29 . The pandemic of the new coronavirus has challenged health systems around the world in providing essential services, including immunization programs, as routine vaccination and mass vaccination campaigns could contribute to the spread of covid-19 32 . abstract: Since March 2020, Brazil has faced the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), which has severely modified the way in which the population lives and uses health services. As such, face-to-face attendance has dropped dramatically, even for child vaccination, due to measures of social distancing to mitigate the transmission of the virus. Several countries have recorded a substantial drop in vaccination coverage in children, especially of those under two years of age. In Brazil, administrative data indicate the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on this downward trend, which was already an important challenge of the National Immunization Program in recent years. Many children will be susceptible to immunopreventable diseases, which reinforces the need to assess the vaccine status of schoolchildren before returning to face-to-face classes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33175029/ doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054003142 id: cord-342786-dl8vjwfn author: Sattar, Yasar title: COVID-19 Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Cellular Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Management date: 2020-07-14 words: 5268.0 sentences: 349.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342786-dl8vjwfn.txt summary: Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. The infected patients may also present with cardiovascular disease (CVD) like acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and congestive cardiac failure(CHF) [6] . The systemic inflammation in COVID-19 may also dysregulate the post-translational modification of cardiac ion channels resulting in arrhythmia [25, 26] It is also noteworthy that viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2, ORF3 and ORF8, activate NLRP3 inflammasomes which inturn promotes atrial fibrillation [27, 28] . abstract: Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic that may present with a variety of cardiac manifestations including, but not limited to, myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, shock, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. These cardiovascular effects are worse in patients who have pre-existing cardiac conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coagulation abnormalities. Other predisposing risk factors include advanced age, immunocompromised state, and underlying systemic inflammatory conditions. Here we review the cellular pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment modalities of the cardiac manifestations seen in patients with COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352906720302876 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100589 id: cord-328071-ulj2gtn3 author: Sattari, Mahtab title: Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran date: 2020-08-17 words: 3052.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328071-ulj2gtn3.txt summary: title: Evaluating Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Infection and Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province, West of Iran Examination of the signs and symptoms of pregnant women with COVID-19 upon admission to the hospital showed that the average oxygen saturation percentage was 91.62 ± 7.58 and their most common symptoms at the time of admission were fever (60.0%). In this regard, all pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in Hamadan Province referred to hospitals or were hospitalized during different periods of pregnancy with different gestational ages were examined. In line with these results, other studies have regularly reported these two findings in the CT scan and examination of the lungs of infected pregnant women while hospitalized 8, 17, 20, 21 . Among them, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia were the most common symptoms of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, respectively. abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a new viral disease with a rapid outbreak. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of contracting viral infections including COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the clinical course and risk factors of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID 19 in Hamadan Province, west of Iran. Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The convenience sampling was performed using 50 papers and electronic files of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the WHO’s temporary guidelines. They were hospitalized in health centers and clinics of Hamadan Province. The data-collecting tool employed was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 19. Results: The mean age of pregnant women with COVID 19 was estimated to be 29.20 ± 5.8 yr and their average gestational age estimated to be 28.8 ± 8.20 weeks. About 32% of them had an underlying disease, 32% a history of influenza, and 40% recently traveled to infected areas. The most common findings were CT scans and multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity chest radiology. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and shortness of breath. About 8% of the women required ICU hospitalization and the average length of hospital stay was 4.04 ± 2.38 and 29% had premature births. Moreover, 28% of infected mothers had a normal delivery and 20% had a cesarean section. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease is essential in pregnant women. Because there is a possibility of worsening complications in the mother and fetus. url: https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2020.22 doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.22 id: cord-262780-ilu5oskk author: Sattui, Sebastian E. title: Swinging the pendulum: lessons learned from public discourse concerning hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 4653.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt summary: The use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 exemplifies the risks of both overinterpreting and amplifying preliminary data by those outside of the scientific community and was followed by swift corrective measures by researchers. By early March, interest in HCQ abruptly transitioned from mechanistic plausibility that would support its study in a clinical trial setting to rapid off-label use in patients with COVID-19, primarily fueled by promotion on social media, lay press, and celebrity influence [8] . By late March, two new studies became publicly available: a second study from the group of IHU-Méditerranée Infection using HCQ and AZM in 80 patients with mild COVID-19 infection released on their webpage, and a preprint of the first randomized controlled trial of 62 patients from Wuhan reporting a difference in clinical time to recovery and radiologic findings with HCQ treatment [22, 23] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several months into the COVID-19 pandemic, safe and effective treatments against this global health disaster have yet to be identified. Clinical research trials around the world are underway testing a wide array of possible medications. In particular, the off-label use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis and treatment has created many unprecedented challenges for the scientific community and the public. AREAS COVERED: We critically assessed major events from February – May 2020 that contributed to widespread use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. We aimed to explore how opinions toward hydroxychloroquine may shift from early enthusiasm (based on in vitro and preliminary clinical data) to the hope for a miracle cure (through communication and promotion of questionable results) and, finally, to a rise of skepticism as more in-depth analyses are emerging. EXPERT OPINION: Mindful and rigorous acquisition of data, as well as its interpretation, are essential to an effective pandemic response. The rapid and premature promotion of results has had major implications for global crisis management, even creating distrust among the public. It is crucial for the medical and scientific community to incorporate the lessons learned from this situation. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/1744666x.2020.1792778 doi: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1792778 id: cord-275438-drywzvx8 author: Satış, Hasan title: Prognostic value of interleukin-18 and its association with other inflammatory markers and disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 words: 3539.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275438-drywzvx8.txt summary: Serum IL-18 levels were remarkably higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects with being highest in severe pneumonia group (p < 0.001). According to the disease course, COVID-19 patients may be roughly divided into two groups; asymptomatic or mild cases that usually recover and severe cases that develop multi organ failure, primarily respiratory failure, requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission [5, 6] . In this study, we found that both IL-6 and serum IL-18 concentrations are remarkably increased in patients with COVID-19 and correlated with other inflammatory markers and disease severity. There are differences in cytokine production among COVID-19 patients, such as men are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than women and children, in whom it could present as Kawasaki disease [29, 30] , as well as serum cytokine levels tend to be higher in men explaining their worse prognosis [29] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectual immune response is crucial to defeat viral infections. However, exuberant immune response with features of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) lead detrimental consequences in COVID-19 patients. Interleukin (IL)-18 is one of the leading cytokines in MAS which has not been studied in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of IL-18 with the other inflammatory markers and disease severity in COVID-19 for predicting disease prognosis. METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 who had confirmed diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR were enrolled into the study. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, and laboratory values of CRP, ferritin, d-dimer and procalcitonin were measured on admission. Patients were followed up prospectively with a standardized approach until hospital discharge or death. Individuals were classified as asymptomatic, mild and severe pneumonia according to their clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics. Worse outcome was defined as requirement of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Blood samples were collected at enrollment and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18 were determined by ELISA. Association between IL-18 and other inflammatory markers and prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 58 COVID-19 patients (50% male) with a median age of 43 (min 22-max 81) years. Twenty age and sex matched healthy subjects were served as control group. The study population was divided into three groups according to disease severity: asymptomatic (n = 20), mild pneumonia group (n = 27) and a severe group (n = 11). During follow up nine (15.5%) patients required ICU admission and three of them were died eventually. Serum IL-18 were correlated with other inflammatory markers and biochemical markers of organ injury; creatinine, liver enzymes and troponin. Serum IL-18 levels were remarkably higher in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects with being highest in severe pneumonia group (p < 0.001). IL-18 serum concentrations were almost four-fold higher in patients with worse outcome compared to good outcome (p < 0.001). Serum IL-18 above the cut off value of 576 pg/mL on admission was associated with 11.7 fold increased risk of ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: The serum concentrations of IL-18 correlate with other inflammatory markers and reflect disease severity. Results of the present study shed light on role of IL-18 on COVID-19 pathogenesis and might provide an evidence for the clinical trials on IL-18 antagonists for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155302 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155302 id: cord-273356-1ius4ksa author: Sauceda, John A title: Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 date: 2020-08-29 words: 2011.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273356-1ius4ksa.txt summary: title: Findings From a Probability-Based Survey of United States Households About Prevention Measures Based on Race, Ethnicity, and Age in Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 We investigated individual behaviors taken by white, African American, and Latino United States (US) households in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and likelihood of using digital tools for symptom surveillance/reporting. In general, all groups engaged in the same prevention behaviors, but whites reported being more likely to use digital tools to report/act on symptoms and seek testing, compared with African Americans and Latinos. We tested for differences between non-Latino white, African American, and Latino respondents on prevention control measures, likelihood of using surveillance/reporting strategies, and household size. In a probability-based household survey, non-Latino white, African American, and Latino respondents engaged in nearly identical patterns and frequencies of individual prevention measures taken in response to SARS-CoV-2. abstract: We investigated individual behaviors taken by white, African American, and Latino United States (US) households in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and likelihood of using digital tools for symptom surveillance/reporting. We analyzed cross-sectional week 1 data (April 2020) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Impact Survey in a large, nationally representative sample of US adults. In general, all groups engaged in the same prevention behaviors, but whites reported being more likely to use digital tools to report/act on symptoms and seek testing, compared with African Americans and Latinos. Individual behaviors may not explain COVID-19 case disparities, and digital tools for tracking should focus on uptake among race/ethnic minorities. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa554 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa554 id: cord-032240-xswtx940 author: Sauer, François title: Pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19: case series date: 2020-09-09 words: 2235.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032240-xswtx940.txt summary: Case 1 was a COVID-19 cardiac tamponade without myocarditis, confirmed by a positive chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Case 3 was a cardiac tamponade due to COVID-19 pericarditis, with a positive polymerase chain reaction on pericardial fluid. Since the outbreak of clusters of viral pneumonia due to the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, 1 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide infecting more than 5.4 million people and causing more than 349 095 deaths as of 27 May 2020. • Three cases of pericardial effusions (PEs) comprising two tamponades occurred in a single cardiology centre, suggesting a higher cardiac risk than expected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] We hereby report a case series of three patients with cardiac and pericardial manifestations of COVID-19 at our institution. Acute myopericarditis with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in a patient with COVID-19 abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-coronavirus-2 [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] infection is a public health issue affecting millions of people. It started in Wuhan in China in December 2019 spreading rapidly worldwide. CASE SUMMARY: Three patients aged 51–84 developed a pericarditis related to COVID-19, associated for two of them with a myocarditis. Case 1 was a COVID-19 cardiac tamponade without myocarditis, confirmed by a positive chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Case 2 showed a COVID-19 myopericarditis, confirmed by a positive chest CT scan and a SARS-coronavirus-2 positive swab. Case 3 was a cardiac tamponade due to COVID-19 pericarditis, with a positive polymerase chain reaction on pericardial fluid. They were all treated by colchicine and their condition improved rapidly. DISCUSSION: Presumably rare, we reported three cases of pericardial effusions (PEs) occurring in a single cardiology centre. There is a higher incidence of COVID-19-related cardiac diseases such as pericarditis that can manifest as a minimal PE to a cardiac tamponade, which should result in a higher awareness of cardiologists. A systematic measure of the high-sensitivity troponin kinetic in patients affected by COVID-19 could be interesting in order to screen for potential myocarditis. Any unexplained haemodynamic failure or increased cardiac biomarkers should make the medical team search for myopericarditis by a transthoracic echocardiography. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499573/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa287 id: cord-288675-d4p3sj7u author: Sauer, François title: Tamponnade & COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 words: 1819.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288675-d4p3sj7u.txt summary: Les limites de ce case report sont l''absence de confirmation diagnostique de COVID-19 au frottis naso-pharyngé (sensibilité de 59 % [4]) et l''absence d''analyse virologique du liquide péricardique. Le traitement par IEC/ARA 2 pourrait donc potentiellement aggraver les manifestations respiratoires du Covid-19 avec un surrisque de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë et mortalité [2] . L''objectif de notre étude était d''évaluer l''impact du traitement par IEC/ARA2 à l''admission sur la mortalité à 28 jours chez les patients hospitalisés pour Covid-19. Le traitement par IEC/ARA2 n''impactait pas la mortalité à 28 jours (19,7 % vs 13,8 % log rank p = 0,54) comme représenté sur la Fig. 1 . Le traitement par IEC ARA2 a été arrêté à l''admission pour 28 (41,8 %) patients. Conclusion Le traitement par IEC/ARA2 n''était pas associé à une augmentation de la mortalité après un suivi de 28 jours chez les patients hospitalisés pour Covid-19. abstract: INTRODUCTION: L’infection à SARS-Coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) est une pandémie touchant des milliers de personnes et fait l’objet de nombreuses publications du fait de ses présentations cliniques multiples. EXAMEN CLINIQUE: Nous rapportons le cas d’un homme de 51 ans présentant depuis 1 mois une douleur thoracique évocatrice de péricardite suivie d’une altération de l’état général et d’une dyspnée au moindre effort. Il présente comme antécédent un asthme d’effort et un tabagisme actif. Le 01/04/2020, il est pris en charge aux urgences. Son examen clinique retrouve une tension artérielle à 106/60 mmHg, une fréquence cardiaque à 108 battements par minute, une température corporelle à 36° et une saturation à 94 % en air ambiant (AA). La biologie objective une insuffisance rénale aigue avec urée à 10,1 mmol/L, créatinine à 172 micromol/L (DFG-CKD-EPI 39 mL/min/m(2)), un syndrome inflammatoire avec une CRP à 223 mg/L et une polynucléose neutrophiles (11,8 G/L) et une cholestase à 2 fois la normale. Le pic de troponine HS est à 919 ng/L (norme < 78,5). La gazométrie artérielle en AA retrouve une hypoxémie isolée à 62 mmHg. L’ECG inscrit un microvoltage associé à un sus-décalage diffus du segment ST. Le scanner thoracique (Fig. 1) montre une atteinte typique modérée à COVID-19 et un épanchement péricardique circonférentiel, mesuré à 22 millimètres et compressif à l’échocardiographie trans-thoracique. Au décours du scanner, le patient présente une détresse respiratoire motivant une oxygénothérapie à 10 L/min et une ponction péricardique sous-xiphoïdienne en urgence. Cette dernière retire 800 mL de liquide séro-hématique. L’évolution clinico-biologique est rapidement favorable avec disparition des douleurs thoraciques et normalisation de la biologie. Le patient rentre à domicile à J7 sous traitement par COLCHICINE (0,5 mg 2 fois par jour) introduite à J3. Les sérologies (VIH, VHB, VHC, EBV, CMV, Adenovirus, Picornavirus, Parvovirus B19) et le frottis naso-pharyngé COVID-19 sont négatifs. L’épanchement péricardique est un exsudat avec de rares lymphocytes sans cellules malignes. On note une contamination à Propionibacterium Acnes. Une IRM cardiaque à J7 objective une péricardite sans myocardite associée (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). Nous concluons à une tamponnade avec tableau de choc compliquant une myo-péricardite aigue à COVID-19. Après revue de la littérature, nous retrouvons un cas similaire en Italie [1] également mal toléré avec nécessité de ponction en urgence. La mauvaise tolérance et l’évolution vers ce tableau clinique pourraient être expliquées par la décharge cytokinique inflammatoire liée au virus. L’atteinte péricardique semble rare mais reste non quantifiée, à ce jour. Les différentes études radiologiques relèvent des épanchements péricardiques peu fréquents [2]. Sur le plan thérapeutique, l’introduction d’anti-inflammatoire non stéroïdiens semble contre-indiquée compte tenu du risque d’aggravation respiratoire. La Colchicine a une place reconnue dans le traitement des péricardites et pourrait représenter une thérapeutique intéressante par le blocage de l’assemblage des inflammasomes NLRP3 et de la libération des cytokines [3]. Les limites de ce case report sont l’absence de confirmation diagnostique de COVID-19 au frottis naso-pharyngé (sensibilité de 59 % [4]) et l’absence d’analyse virologique du liquide péricardique. CONCLUSION: Toute dégradation inexpliquée de l’état hémodynamique d’un patient COVID-19 doit faire rechercher une myo-péricardite, notamment par échocardiographie trans-thoracique. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003392820301050 doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.014 id: cord-324041-lqokztor author: Saussez, Sven title: Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered date: 2020-09-09 words: 3081.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324041-lqokztor.txt summary: RESULTS: In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. While self-reported new onset loss of smell is important from an infection control perspective, as it allows patients to recognize COVID infection and self-isolate at an early stage; however, psychophysical testing has demonstrated that self-reporting underestimates the true prevalence of olfactory dysfunction [7, 8] . Despite this potential mechanism for epithelial injury, nasal cytological studies in 18 COVID-19 patients, of which 12 reported smell impairment, lacked typical findings of viral induced cellular injury [15] , suggesting that direct effects of the virus on the olfactory epithelium cannot likely account for the severity of loss seen in many patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: From the start of the pandemic, many European otolaryngologists observed an unprecendented number of anosmic patients. Early reports proposed that anosmia could be the first or even the only symptom of COVID-19 infection, prompting calls for self-isolation in affected patients. METHODS: In the present article, we review the COVID-19 anosmia literature and try to answer the following two questions: first, why is COVID-19 infection responsible for such a high incidence of anosmia? Second, in patients with more severe forms is anosmia really less prevalent and why? RESULTS: In terms of the etiology of olfactory dysfunction, several hypotheses were proposed at the outset of the pandemic; that olfactory cleft inflammation and obstruction caused a localized conductive loss, that there was injury to the sustentacular supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium or, given the known neurotropic potential of coronavirus, that the virus could invade and damage the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cleft obstruction may contribute to the olfactory dysfunction in some patients, perhaps most likely in those that show very early resolution, it cannot account for the loss in all patients. Moreover, disordered regrowth and a predominance of immature neurons have been shown to be associated with parosmia, which is a common finding amongst patients with Covid-related anosmia. A central mechanism therefore certainly seems to be consistent with the group of patients with more prolonged olfactory deficits. Sustentacular cells showing ACE-2 immunohistochemical expression 200 to 700 times greater than nasal or tracheal epithelia seem to be the main SARS-CoV-2 gateway. As the pathophysiology of COVID-19 anosmia seems to be better understood, the question of why patients with a moderate to severe form of COVID-19 infection have less olfactory involvement remains unresolved. Different potential explanations are discussed in this review. CONCLUSIONS: The last 5 months have benefited from great international collaborative research, first highlighting and then proving the value of loss of smell and taste as a symptom of COVID-19. Adoption of loss of smell into the case definition by international public health bodies will facilitate control of disease transmission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32909060/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06285-0 id: cord-282384-qbcqbhk4 author: Savastano, Alfonso title: Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-08 words: 3740.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282384-qbcqbhk4.txt summary: Furthermore, we performed an additional analysis within the post-COVID-19 group correlating the primary outcome measures with the other examined variables to detect potential risk factors for RPCP impairment in post SARS-CoV-2 patients. Spearman''s Test revealed a statistically significant linear correlation between RNFL average thickness and both RPCP perfusion density (p < 0.001) ( Figure 3 ) and RPCP flow index (p < 0.001) (Figure 4) within the post-COVID-19 group. Our study examined this aspect outlining the correlation of the RPCP perfusion density and RPCP flow index with the RNFL average thickness also in early post-COVID-19 patients. In this regard, it is interesting to notice that patients in the post-COVID-19 group showed a lower mean age, a lower prevalence of diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension, and a higher prevalence of females (typically affected by milder manifestations of the disease) compared to the reported SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic data [38] . abstract: The ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2′s) to cause multi-organ ischemia and coronavirus-induced posterior segment eye diseases in mammals gave concern about potential sight-threatening ischemia in post coronavirus disease 2019 patients. The radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) is a sensitive target due to the important role in the vascular supply of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Eighty patients one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection and 30 healthy patients were selected to undergo structural OCT (optical coherence tomography) and OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography) exams. Primary outcome was a difference in RPCP perfusion density (RPCP-PD) and RPCP flow index (RPCP-FI). No significant difference was observed in age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevalence of myopia. RPCP-PD was lower in post SARS-CoV-2 patients compared to controls. Within the post-COVID-19 group, patients with systemic arterial hypertension had lower RPCP-FI and age was inversely correlated to both RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD. Patients treated with lopinavir + ritonavir or antiplatelet therapy during admission had lower RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD. RNFL average thickness was linearly correlated to RPCP-FI and RPCP-PD within post-COVID-19 group. Future studies will be needed to address the hypothesis of a microvascular retinal impairment in individuals who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092895 doi: 10.3390/jcm9092895 id: cord-013035-7sfj0czv author: Savinelli, Stefano title: Reply date: 2020-09-20 words: 1259.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013035-7sfj0czv.txt summary: We read with great interest the article by McCarthy et al., 1 regarding the favourable use of tocilizumab in a series of patients presenting with cytokine storm related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Reducing short-term mortality from cytokine release syndrome may come at the expense of long-term fatality rate, due to secondary healthcare or ventilator-associated bacterial or fungal infections, especially in critically ill patients with increased length of hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU). However, observational studies demonstrate favourable outcomes regarding mortality and risk of proceeding to endotracheal intubation when IL-6RA are used in a pre-critical (pre-intensive care unit (ICU)) setting, such as that described in our report, before the onset of severe respiratory failure. To address these questions, our group has designed a phase 2, open-label, two-stage, multicentre, randomized trial comparing different doses of single-dose administration of tocilizumab in adults with severe, non-critical, COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammatory state. abstract: See related letter url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536901/ doi: 10.1111/resp.13940 id: cord-279750-if9vphb2 author: Savić, Dragan title: Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report date: 2020-07-27 words: 2041.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279750-if9vphb2.txt summary: title: Ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm in an adolescent as an early onset of COVID-19 infection: case report We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old girl with a ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery (M2 segment) with severe intracerebral hemorrhage as the earliest manifestation of COVID-19 infection. There are rare case reports of adult patients (the youngest was a 31-year-old male, other patients over 60 years old) with COVID-19 infection and ruptured cerebral aneurysm with subarachnoid hemorrhage [1, 16, 19] . In this paper, we present an adolescent girl with COVID-19 infection, who developed an intracerebral hematoma due to cerebral pseudoaneurysm rupture. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an adolescent with ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm as the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection. As a consequence of the infection, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome or the direct damage by the virus has resulted in severe brain hemorrhage attributable to the ruptured pseudoaneurysm. abstract: The clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are non-specific and multi-inflammatory. They vary from mild to severe manifestations that can be life-threatening. The association of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pseudoaneurysm formation or rupture of an already existing aneurysm is still unexplored. Several mechanisms may be involved, including the direct destruction to the artery by the viral infection or through the release of the inflammatory cytokines. We are presenting a case of a 13-year-old girl with a ruptured cerebral pseudoaneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery (M2 segment) with severe intracerebral hemorrhage as the earliest manifestation of COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04510-7 doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04510-7 id: cord-329268-0zhabgkt author: Savoia, E. title: Factors Associated with Access and Use of PPE during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study of Italian Physicians date: 2020-05-01 words: 3727.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329268-0zhabgkt.txt summary: This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. This study aimed to understand physicians'' access to PPE, reception of information about their use, ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Questions were designed to inform the development of training and policies in response to the crisis and included questions about the physician''s work experience (years of experience, specialty, experience in COVID-19 units and geographic area of work), and questions related to the use of PPE divided in four parts: 1) Access to PPE and strategies to cope with shortage, 2) Information received on the use of PPE, 3) Self-reported ability to perform donning and doffing procedures, and 4) Risk perception of contracting the disease. abstract: Objectives During the course of the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Italy has reported one of the highest number of infections. Nearly ten percent of reported coronavirus infections in Italy occurred in healthcare workers. This study aimed to understand physicians access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and to information about their use, risk perception and strategies adopted to prevent contracting the infection. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional, online self-reported survey implemented between March 31 and April 5 2020 of Italian physicians. Results Responses were received from 529 physicians, only 13% of which reported to have access to PPE every time they need them. Approximately half of the physicians reported that the information received about the use of PPE was either clear (47%) or complete (54%). Risk perception about contracting the infection was influenced by receiving adequate information on the use of PPE. Access to adequate information on the use of PPE was associated with better ability to perform donning and doffing procedures [OR=2.2 95% C.I. 1.7-2.8] and reduced perception of risk [OR=0.5, 95% C.I. 0.4-0.6]. Conclusions Results from this rapid survey indicate that while ramping up supplies on PPE for healthcare workers is certainly of mandatory importance, adequate training and clear instructions are just as important. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.24.20073924v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.24.20073924 id: cord-331830-vr2eqsbq author: Sawalha, Khalid title: Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome date: 2020-08-18 words: 2828.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331830-vr2eqsbq.txt summary: Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. Infection with the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 (1). Pulmonary involvement is the most dominant clinical manifestation of COVID-19 including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is associated with higher mortality, up to 52.4% in one series (3). Until prospective studies and trials establish guidelines for the management of COVID-19 myocarditis, treatment has to be catered to individual case presentations. abstract: Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The manifestations of COVID-19 are widely variable and range from asymptomatic infection to multi-organ failure and death. Like other viral illnesses, acute myocarditis has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 infection. However, guidelines for the diagnosis of COVID-19 myocarditis have not been established. Methods Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed/Medline, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Library databases and manual searches on Google Scholar and the bibliographies of articles identified, we reviewed all cases reported in the English language citing myocarditis associated with COVID-19 infection. Results Fourteen records comprising a total of fourteen cases that report myocarditis/myopericarditis secondary to COVID-19 infection were identified. There was a male predominance (58%), with the median age of the cases described being 50.4 years. The majority of patients did not have a previously identified comorbid condition (50%), but of those with a past medical history, hypertension was most prevalent (33%). Electrocardiogram findings were variable, and troponin was elevated in 91% of cases. Echocardiography was performed in 83% of cases reduced function was identified in 60%. Endotracheal intubation was performed in the majority of cases. Glucocorticoids were most commonly used in treatment of myocarditis (58%). Majority of patients survived to discharge (81%) and 85% of those that received steroids survived to discharge. Conclusion Guidelines for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 myocarditis have not been established and our knowledge on management is rapidly changing. The use of glucocorticoids and other agents including IL-6 inhibitors, IVIG and colchicine in COVID-19 myocarditis is debatable. In our review, there appears to be favorable outcomes related to myocarditis treated with steroid therapy. However, until larger scale studies are conducted, treatment approaches have to be made on an individualized case-by-case basis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1553838920304978 doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.08.028 id: cord-308270-343r91km author: Sawlani, V. title: COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience date: 2020-09-15 words: 1961.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308270-343r91km.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308270-343r91km.txt summary: The most consistent neuroradiological finding was microhaemorrhage with a predilection for the splenium of the corpus callosum (12/20, 60%) followed by acute or subacute infarct (5/20, 25%), watershed white matter hyperintensities (4/20, 20%), and susceptibility changes on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the superficial veins (3/20, 15%), acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy (2/20, 10%), large parenchymal haemorrhage (2/20, 10%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (1/20, 5%), hypoxic–ischaemic changes (1/20, 5%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes (1/20, 5%). Conclusion Various imaging patterns on MRI were observed including acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, white matter hyperintensities, hypoxic-ischaemic changes, ADEM-like changes, and stroke. Recent studies have described abnormal brain imaging findings of microhaemorrhages, multifocal white matter hyperintense lesions with variable enhancement, infarcts, haemorrhagic lesions, acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, inflammatory CNS syndromes including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and medial temporal lobe abnormalities [2] [3] [4] . abstract: Aim To describe the neuroradiological changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and methods A retrospective review was undertaken of 3,403 patients who were confirmed positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and admitted to our institution between 1 March 2020 and 31 May 2020, and who underwent neuroimaging. Abnormal brain imaging was evaluated in detail and various imaging patterns on magnetic resonance imaging MRI were identified. Results Of the 3,403 patients with COVID-19, 167 (4.9%) had neurological signs or symptoms warranting neuroimaging. The most common indications were delirium (44/167, 26%), focal neurology (37/167, 22%), and altered consciousness (34/167, 20%). Neuroimaging showed abnormalities in 23% of patients, with MRI being abnormal in 20 patients and computed tomography (CT) in 18 patients. The most consistent neuroradiological finding was microhaemorrhage with a predilection for the splenium of the corpus callosum (12/20, 60%) followed by acute or subacute infarct (5/20, 25%), watershed white matter hyperintensities (4/20, 20%), and susceptibility changes on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the superficial veins (3/20, 15%), acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy (2/20, 10%), large parenchymal haemorrhage (2/20, 10%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (1/20, 5%), hypoxic–ischaemic changes (1/20, 5%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like changes (1/20, 5%). Conclusion Various imaging patterns on MRI were observed including acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, white matter hyperintensities, hypoxic-ischaemic changes, ADEM-like changes, and stroke. Microhaemorrhages were the most common findings. Prolonged hypoxaemia, consumption coagulopathy, and endothelial disruption are the likely pathological drivers and reflect disease severity in this patient cohort. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023738/ doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.002 id: cord-267209-m0fvv1t7 author: Sawyer, Michala R. title: Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-09-23 words: 1844.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267209-m0fvv1t7.txt summary: 2 Shifting from a strategy of in-person office visits to televisits in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may actually increase access to postpartum follow-up among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. 20 As remote monitoring is more widely implemented during COVID-19, research is needed to examine the impact of telehealth and home blood pressure cuff Medicaid coverage on access to postpartum hypertension care as well as on maternal morbidity and mortality. However, research is needed to assess the efficacy and impact of remote blood pressure monitoring in the postpartum period on clinical outcomes including hospital readmissions, short-term medical complications of hypertension, and long-term cardiovascular health for patients with hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Closely evaluating the clinical outcomes and health care disparities that follow the rapid implementation of home blood pressure monitoring in the postpartum period during COVID-19 will provide valuable lessons for research and clinical care after the pandemic. abstract: The transformation of our health care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a unique opportunity to examine the use of telehealth for postpartum care. The postpartum period can pose significant risks and challenges, particularly for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Remote blood pressure monitoring has proven feasible and acceptable among women and providers but has not been widely implemented or researched. Early studies have identified improved outcomes with use of telehealth, including increased compliance with care and decreased disparity in hypertension follow-up. Preliminary data make a compelling case for remote monitoring as a promising treatment strategy to manage postpartum hypertension. Remote monitoring technology should be incorporated as a standard component for the comprehensive management of postpartum hypertension during COVID-19. As a consequence of the pandemic, we now have an opportunity to research the impact of postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring on maternal outcome and disparities within these outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715169 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715169 id: cord-024133-zv0ysi8m author: Saxena, Shailendra K. title: Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-30 words: 2220.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024133-zv0ysi8m.txt summary: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic that causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (World Health Organization 2020a). In addition, the scientific fraternity worldwide has been continuously working on COVID-19 from the beginning by publishing the genome and developing highly specific diagnostic tools for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is no specific treatment available for SARS-CoV-2 and the current treatment relies on supportive care of the infected patients (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention 2020b). Fig. 1.3 Steps needed to be taken by COVID-19 patients in order to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection Interim guidelines for collecting, handling, and testing clinical specimens from persons for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (2020b) Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19). abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. It has been declared a pandemic and has infected at least 1,844,683 individuals and caused 117,021 deaths as of 14th April 2020. Transmission among humans occurs via close contact with an infected individual that produces respiratory droplets. Patients have been shown to undergo acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is defined as cytokine storm. The diagnosis relies on detection of nucleic acid, IgG/IgM antibodies, and a chest radiograph of the suspected individuals. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses that comprise of ten open reading frames (ORFs). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibits higher affinity to ACE2 receptor as compared with SARS-CoV. Repurposing drugs like favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, and TMPRSS2 protease inhibitors have been shown to be effective for the treatment of COVID-19. Personal protective measures should be followed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a clinical trial of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, mRNA-1273, has been started. This chapter provides a glimpse of advancements made in the area of SARS-CoV-2 infection by proving recent clinical and research trials in the field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7189397/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_1 id: cord-343927-s54n1cmn author: Sayad, Babak title: Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality date: 2020-10-14 words: 636.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343927-s54n1cmn.txt summary: title: Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID‐19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 1 may be presented by a severe form of pneumonia in some patients (10%-15%) which might progress toward acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and death. Also, the WBCs count was 10.5 ± 6 × 10 9 /L in patients required intubation compared to 8.3 ± 4.1 × 10 9 /L (P = .098) in those patients did not require intubation. In summary, our study indicated a significant association between leukocytosis and the rate of mortality in patients with COVID-19. Also, our findings indicated the higher rate of mortality among COVID-19 patients with higher Hb level. Leukocytosis and alteration of hemoglobin level in patients with severe COVID-19: Association of leukocytosis with mortality abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083572/ doi: 10.1002/hsr2.194 id: cord-327776-bxpay7ic author: Sayari, Arash J. title: Personal Health of Spine Surgeons Can Impact Perceptions, Decision-Making and Healthcare Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Worldwide Study date: 2020-06-30 words: 3696.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327776-bxpay7ic.txt summary: Questions addressed demographics, impacts and perceptions of COVID-19, and the presence of surgeon comorbidities, which included cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, respiratory illness, renal disease, and current tobacco use. When grouped by number of comorbidities in the multivariate regression model, spine surgeons with more comorbidities were more likely to cite personal health as a current stressor (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.63; p = 0.09) and more likely to be performing elective surgery (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02-1.71; p = 0.030), though also perceived their hospital''s management unfavorably (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.91; p = 0.005), were less likely to currently use telecommunication clinical visits (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67-1.00; p = 0.05), and would less likely warn their patients of a personnel COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93; p = 0.010) ( Table 6 ). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if personal health of spine surgeons worldwide influences perceptions, healthcare delivery, and decision-making during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed by distributing a multidimensional survey to spine surgeons worldwide. Questions addressed demographics, impacts and perceptions of COVID-19, and the presence of surgeon comorbidities, which included cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, respiratory illness, renal disease, and current tobacco use. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify specific comorbidities that influenced various impact measures. RESULTS: Across 7 global regions, 36.8% out of 902 respondents reported a comorbidity, of which hypertension (21.9%) and obesity (15.6%) were the most common. Multivariate analysis noted tobacco users were more likely to continue performing elective surgery during the pandemic (odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–4.72; p = 0.001) and were less likely to utilize telecommunication (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31–0.86; p = 0.011), whereas those with hypertension were less likely to warn their patients should the surgeon become infected with COVID-19 (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.91; p = 0.017). Clinicians with multiple comorbidities were more likely to cite personal health as a current stressor (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07–1.63; p = 0.009) and perceived their hospital’s management unfavorably (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60–0.91; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to have mapped global variations of personal health of spine surgeons, key in the development for future wellness and patient management initiatives. This study underscored that spine surgeons worldwide are not immune to comorbidities, and their personal health influences various perceptions, healthcare delivery, and decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32615695/ doi: 10.14245/ns.2040336.168 id: cord-332179-du1zjupf author: Sayed, Shomoita title: COVID-19 and Diabetes; possible role of polymorphism and rise of telemedicine date: 2020-08-31 words: 4009.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332179-du1zjupf.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry is facilitated by interaction with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and possible polymorphisms in ACE2 can be a determining factor in host-viral protein interaction. Another population study in England showed a 31.4% mortality rate for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients suffering from COVID-19 infection [17] . So, increased viral entry via increased ACE2 expression and circulating proteases, lymphocytopenia and concurrent increase of inflammatory cytokines can exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes [23] . Diabetic patients on medication with abovementioned drugs with their elevated ACE2 expression can be susceptible to facilitated SARS-CoV-2 entry, leading to increased chances of disease severity. Whether the polymorphisms have more pronounced effects among diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection should be taken into consideration while exploring the possible role of viral entry in hosts. abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes has been found to be one of the leading comorbidities associated with fatality in COVID-19 patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry is facilitated by interaction with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and possible polymorphisms in ACE2 can be a determining factor in host-viral protein interaction. A significant shift of healthcare towards ‘Telemedicine’ is also on the rise. In this review, the possible effects of ACE2 polymorphisms on SARS-CoV-2 entry along with the escalation of ‘telemedicine’ is discussed. METHOD: An expansive literature search using keywords: “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “diabetes”, “type 2 diabetes’’, “type 1 diabetes”, “ACE2”, “polymorphism”, “DPP4” and “telemedicine” was conducted on Pubmed and EMBASE till 7(th) August, 2020. RESULT: Possible polymorphisms in ACE2 gene can play a role in influencing the virus entry in host body. Telemedicine can be bring a new revolution for medical sector. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 severity is more heinous among diabetic population. So far, the in-silico studies involving human ACE2-viral Spike (S) interaction showed inconsistent predictions regarding some SNPs. But without actual in-vivo studies, a holistic understanding can’t be established. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912711/ doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.08.018 id: cord-339737-7qdjea6f author: Sbidian, E. title: Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and in-hospital mortality or discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: a cohort study of 4,642 in-patients in France date: 2020-06-19 words: 6035.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt summary: -Using a large non-selected population of inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in 39 hospitals in France and robust methodological approaches, we found no evidence for efficacy of HCQ on 28-day mortality -Our results suggest an excess risk of mortality in patients treated by a combination of HCQ and AZI, but not with HCQ alone -Significantly higher rates of discharge home were observed in patients treated by HCQ, a novel finding warranting further confirmation in replicative studies . Results from competing risks multivariable analyses for 28-day mortality and hospital discharge are displayed in Table 3 , showing both raw unadjusted estimates for the average treatment effect of ''HCQ alone ''or ''HCQ plus AZI'', and AIPTW results from double robust estimation accounting for confounders for the outcome and the treatment allocation. abstract: Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of oral hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with or without azithromycin (AZI) in preventing death or leading to hospital discharge. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting An analysis of data from electronic medical records and administrative claim data from the French Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP) data warehouse, in 39 public hospitals, Ile-de-France, France. Participants All adult inpatients with at least one PCR-documented SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a nasopharyngeal sample between February 1st, 2020 and April 6th, 2020 were eligible for analysis. The study population was restricted to patients who did not receive COVID-19 treatments assessed in ongoing trials, including antivirals and immunosuppressive drugs. End of follow-up was defined as the date of death, discharge home, day 28 after admission, whichever occurred first, or administrative censoring on May 4, 2020. Intervention Patients were further classified into 3 groups: (i) receiving HCQ alone, (ii) receiving HCQ together with AZI, and (iii) receiving neither HCQ nor AZI. Exposure to a HCQ/AZI combination was defined as a simultaneous prescription of the 2 treatments (more or less one day). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was all-cause 28-day mortality as a time-to-event endpoint under a competing risks survival analysis framework. The secondary outcome was 28-day discharge home. Augmented inverse probability of treatment weighted (AIPTW) estimates of the average treatment effect (ATE) were computed to account for confounding. Results A total of 4,642 patients (mean age: 66.1 +/- 18; males: 2,738 (59%)) were included, of whom 623 (13.4%) received HCQ alone, 227 (5.9%) received HCQ plus AZI, and 3,792 (81.7%) neither drug. Patients receiving "HCQ alone" or "HCQ plus AZI" were more likely younger, males, current smokers and overall presented with slightly more co-morbidities (obesity, diabetes, any chronic pulmonary diseases, liver diseases), while no major difference was apparent in biological parameters. After accounting for confounding, no statistically significant difference was observed between the "HCQ" and "Neither drug" groups for 28-day mortality: AIPTW absolute difference in ATE was +1.24% (-5.63 to 8.12), ratio in ATE 1.05 (0.77 to 1.33). 28-day discharge rates were statistically significantly higher in the "HCQ" group: AIPTW absolute difference in ATE (+11.1% [3.30 to 18.9]), ratio in ATE (1.25 [1.07 to 1.42]). As for the "HCQ+AZI" vs neither drug, trends for significant differences and ratios in AIPTW ATE were found suggesting higher mortality rates in the former group (difference in ATE +9.83% [-0.51 to 20.17], ratio in ATE 1.40 [0.98 to 1.81];p=0.062). Conclusions Using a large non-selected population of inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in 39 hospitals in France and robust methodological approaches, we found no evidence for efficacy of HCQ or HCQ combined with AZI on 28-day mortality. Our results suggested a possible excess risk of mortality associated with HCQ combined with AZI, but not with HCQ alone. Significantly higher rates of discharge home were observed in patients treated by HCQ, a novel finding warranting further confirmation in replicative studies. Altogether, our findings further support the need to complete currently undergoing randomized clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.16.20132597 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132597 id: cord-293690-pxiv0m7n author: Scala, Raffaele title: Italian pulmonologist units and COVID-19 outbreak: “mind the gap”! date: 2020-06-29 words: 636.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293690-pxiv0m7n.txt summary: authors: Scala, Raffaele; Renda, Teresa; Corrado, Antonio; Vaghi, Adriano One fourth of > 1500 COVID-19 patients died after the admission in Lombardia ICUs; in only 11% of them, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and/ or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was attempted early to prevent respiratory deterioration and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The delayed admission in Lombardia overcrowded ICU of severely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients meeting the criteria for IMV without being offered a HFNC/NIV trial must have played a crucial role. Respiratory high-dependency care units (RHDCUs) are specialised cost-effective environments offering an "intermediate" level of care between ICU and ward, where NIV/HFNC, weaning from IMV and discharge of ventilator-dependent patients are provided [4] . The "gap" between the Italian RHDCU network and pre-COVID-19 respiratory needs might largely explain ICU network failure in Lombardia [4] . The expanded IPU network together with national more restrictive measures against virus dissemination after the Lombardia outbreak has contributed to the mitigation of COVID-19 impact on mortality in other regions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32600461/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03087-y id: cord-277941-8twjdyjc author: Scarci, Marco title: Commentary: The double responsibility of the thoracic surgeon at the time of the pandemic: a perspective from the North of Italy date: 2020-04-10 words: 418.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277941-8twjdyjc.txt summary: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the north of Italy at the end of February 2020 10 has taken the local healthcare system by surprise because of exponential increase in the number of daily 11 cases and sheer number of those needed admission to ICUs (1). 14 Although China was ahead of us in terms of experience there were no data available regarding thoracic 15 surgery and the potential post-operative increase in morbidity and mortality. This article has certainly the merit to raise awareness of the problem among thoracic surgical 39 community; unfortunately, the small sample size and the heterogeneity of surgical interventions (lung 40 and esophageal cancer, non-malignant diseases) weakens the recommendations that can be drawn. Covid-19: Italy confirms 11 deaths as cases spread from north Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery 58 and challenges in diagnosis Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and 60 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522320308576?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.003 id: cord-252506-8u9oiqoc author: Scarfò, Lydia title: COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus date: 2020-07-09 words: 4023.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252506-8u9oiqoc.txt summary: authors: Scarfò, Lydia; Chatzikonstantinou, Thomas; Rigolin, Gian Matteo; Quaresmini, Giulia; Motta, Marina; Vitale, Candida; Garcia-Marco, Jose Antonio; Hernández-Rivas, José Ángel; Mirás, Fatima; Baile, Mónica; Marquet, Juan; Niemann, Carsten U.; Reda, Gianluigi; Munir, Talha; Gimeno, Eva; Marchetti, Monia; Quaglia, Francesca Maria; Varettoni, Marzia; Delgado, Julio; Iyengar, Sunil; Janssens, Ann; Marasca, Roberto; Ferrari, Angela; Cuéllar-García, Carolina; Itchaki, Gilad; Špaček, Martin; De Paoli, Lorenzo; Laurenti, Luca; Levin, Mark-David; Lista, Enrico; Mauro, Francesca R.; Šimkovič, Martin; Van Der Spek, Ellen; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth; Trentin, Livio; Wasik-Szczepanek, Ewa; Ruchlemer, Rosa; Bron, Dominique; De Paolis, Maria Rosaria; Del Poeta, Giovanni; Farina, Lucia; Foglietta, Myriam; Gentile, Massimo; Herishanu, Yair; Herold, Tobias; Jaksic, Ozren; Kater, Arnon P.; Kersting, Sabina; Malerba, Lara; Orsucci, Lorella; Popov, Viola Maria; Sportoletti, Paolo; Yassin, Mohamed; Pocali, Barbara; Barna, Gabor; Chiarenza, Annalisa; dos Santos, Gimena; Nikitin, Eugene; Andres, Martin; Dimou, Maria; Doubek, Michael; Enrico, Alicia; Hakobyan, Yervand; Kalashnikova, Olga; Ortiz Pareja, Macarena; Papaioannou, Maria; Rossi, Davide; Shah, Nimish; Shrestha, Amit; Stanca, Oana; Stavroyianni, Niki; Strugov, Vladimir; Tam, Constantine; Zdrenghea, Mihnea; Coscia, Marta; Stamatopoulos, Kostas; Rossi, Giuseppe; Rambaldi, Alessandro; Montserrat, Emili''; Foà, Robin; Cuneo, Antonio; Ghia, Paolo Of the 190 patients studied, four Spanish cases were previously published in extenso [12] , 47 patients were included in a report describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection on the practical management of CLL in Italy with only limited clinical data [18] . abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, characterized by immunodeficiency. Hence, patients with CLL might be considered more susceptible to severe complications from COVID-19. We undertook this retrospective international multicenter study to characterize the course of COVID-19 in patients with CLL and identify potential predictors of outcome. Of 190 patients with CLL and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed between 28/03/2020 and 22/05/2020, 151 (79%) presented with severe COVID-19 (need of oxygen and/or intensive care admission). Severe COVID-19 was associated with more advanced age (≥65 years) (odds ratio 3.72 [95% CI 1.79–7.71]). Only 60 patients (39.7%) with severe COVID-19 were receiving or had recent (≤12 months) treatment for CLL at the time of COVID-19 versus 30/39 (76.9%) patients with mild disease. Hospitalization rate for severe COVID-19 was lower (p < 0.05) for patients on ibrutinib versus those on other regimens or off treatment. Of 151 patients with severe disease, 55 (36.4%) succumbed versus only 1/38 (2.6%) with mild disease; age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality. In CLL, (1) COVID-19 severity increases with age; (2) antileukemic treatment (particularly BTK inhibitors) appears to exert a protective effect; (3) age and comorbidities did not impact on mortality, alluding to a relevant role of CLL and immunodeficiency. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0959-x id: cord-345204-ch0e6lzl author: Scarlata, S. title: Design Of A Rapid And Reversible Fluorescence Assay To Detect COVID-19 And Other Pathogens date: 2020-10-05 words: 2917.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345204-ch0e6lzl.txt summary: The method uses fluorescent sensors (i.e. molecular beacons) designed to detect COVID-19 RNA or any RNA of interest, concurrent with an internal control without the need for amplification. The molecular beacons are stem-loop structures in which a ~10 nucleotide loop region has the complementary sequence of a region of the target RNA, and a fluorophore and quencher are placed on the 5'' and 3'' ends of the stem. Here, we designed a COVID-19 beacon that is completely quenched in its native form and undergoes a 50-fold increase in fluorescence when exposed to nanomolar amounts of synthetic viral oligonucleotide. Fluorescence increases from beacon responses signals are rapid and can be reversed by the addition of inexpensive ssDNA with a sequence identical to the loop region, or high salt if attached to a matrix. abstract: We describe a rapid and reusable biophysical method to assay COVID-19. The method uses fluorescent sensors (i.e. molecular beacons) designed to detect COVID-19 RNA or any RNA of interest, concurrent with an internal control without the need for amplification. The molecular beacons are stem-loop structures in which a ~10 nucleotide loop region has the complementary sequence of a region of the target RNA, and a fluorophore and quencher are placed on the 5' and 3' ends of the stem. The energy of hybridization of the loop with its target is designed to be greater than the hybridization energy of the energy of the stem so that when the beacon encounters its target RNA, the structure opens resulting in dequenching of the fluorophore. Here, we designed a COVID-19 beacon that is completely quenched in its native form and undergoes a 50-fold increase in fluorescence when exposed to nanomolar amounts of synthetic viral oligonucleotide. No changes in intensity are seen when control RNA is added. A control beacon to a human GAPDH RNA, chosen for its high levels in saliva, behaved similar to the COVID-19 beacon. This increase in fluorescence with beacon opening can be completely reversed upon addition of single stranded DNA complementary to COVID-19 beacon loop region. Beacons can be attached to an insert matrix allowing their use in concentrated form and can be made from morphilino oligonucleotides that are resistant to RNases. We present an analysis of the parameters that will allow the development of test strips to detect virus in aerosol, body fluids and community waste. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.02.20196113v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.02.20196113 id: cord-307761-luzs56k5 author: Scarmozzino, Federico title: Covid-19 and the Subsequent Lockdown Modified Dietary Habits of Almost Half the Population in an Italian Sample date: 2020-05-25 words: 3004.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307761-luzs56k5.txt summary: The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed several daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and-possibly-diet. Diet being one of the foremost contributors to health [1] , it is conceivable that a situation in which food availability, access to it, and a shift from eating out to mandatory in-house consumption could have change the dietary profiles of several people. Finally, lockdowns greatly reduce the amount of physical activity, sport, exercise, creating vicious cycles by which sub-optimal diets increase the noxious health effects of sedentarism [4] . We aimed at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. We aimed at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world and, hence, changed some daily habits, including social interactions, the ability to perform sports, and—possibly—diet. The Italian government established and promulgated lockdown policies on 9 March 2020. We aim at assessing the effects of Covid-19-induced confinement policies on self-reported food consumption of self-selected Italians by means of a questionnaire that was created and diffused by the Internet. Nearly half, i.e., 49.6% of responders did not substantially modify their diet during the lockdown; however, 46.1% of them reported that they were eating more during confinement, and 19.5% gained weight. In particular, we report an increase in “comfort food” consumption, notably chocolate, ice-cream, and desserts (42.5%) and salty snacks (23.5%). In addition, 42.7% percent of this cohort attributed this increase to higher anxiety levels. Related to this, 36.8% of responders reported a decrease in alcohol consumption, even though 10.1% of them reported an increase. Interestingly, 21.2% of responders increased their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables. Only 33.5% of those who declared decreased consumption attributed this change of diet to lower availability and ease of purchasing such items. Equally interesting, over half of responders, i.e., 56.2%, admitted that fruit and vegetables did not appeal to them while in lockdown. Purchases of ready-made meals were reduced by nearly 50%. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken worldwide and will help public health authorities shape their reactions to future, unavoidable pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050675 doi: 10.3390/foods9050675 id: cord-340010-t1m7dxzc author: Schaefer, Esperance A. K. title: Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease date: 2020-05-21 words: 1416.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340010-t1m7dxzc.txt summary: Several published studies have characterized the frequency and severity of liver biochemistry abnormalities on presentation, and a few have determined whether these abnormalities are associated with increased disease-related morbidity or death, as summarized in Table 1 . 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] The largest published study to date encompassed 5700 hospitalized patients in New York and examined admission serologies: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were both frequently elevated (58.4% and 39.0% of subjects, respectively), and a separate large cohort found elevations to be more common in severe disease. 28 Thus, the liver injury observed in COVID-19 may reflect a direct viral effect, but other potential contributors must be considered, both at the time of initial presentation and during disease progression and management. Hepatic injury from SARS-CoV2 infection is observed from the time of initial contact with the medical system, suggesting that the primary insult is unrelated to medical management but rather due to either direct effect of the virus or a consequence of the systemic disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489653/ doi: 10.1002/cld.967 id: cord-313282-z5cues67 author: Schaefer, Inga-Marie title: In situ detection of SARS-CoV-2 in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 3975.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313282-z5cues67.txt summary: Among five patients with acute-phase DAD (≤7 days from onset of respiratory failure), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in pulmonary pneumocytes and ciliated airway cells (N = 5), and in upper airway epithelium (N = 2). The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 who developed respiratory failure can be detected during the acute phase of lung injury and is absent in the organizing phase. The aim of this study was to examine the gross and histologic patterns of tissue injury in correlation with viral protein expression in the conducting airways and lungs at autopsy in a series of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the different stages of DAD observed histologically correspond to the estimated time interval from onset of respiratory failure to death; however, the exact timing of severe lung injury may be difficult to determine in certain cases given reports of silent hypoxemia in COVID-19 infected patients [27, 28] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global public health crisis. In elderly individuals and those with comorbidities, COVID-19 is associated with high mortality, frequently caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome. We examine in situ expression of SARS-CoV-2 in airways and lung obtained at autopsy of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Seven autopsy cases (male, N = 5; female, N = 2) with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and a median age of 66 years (range, 50–77 years) were evaluated using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SARS Nucleocapsid protein in correlation with clinical parameters. The median time from symptom onset to death was 9 days (range, 6–31 days), from hospitalization 7 days (range, 1–21 days), from positive RT-PCR 7 days (range, 0–18 days), and from intensive care unit admission defining onset of respiratory failure 3 days (range, 1–18 days). Chest imaging identified diffuse airspace disease in all patients corresponding to acute and (N = 5) or organizing (N = 2) diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) on histologic examination. Among five patients with acute-phase DAD (≤7 days from onset of respiratory failure), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in pulmonary pneumocytes and ciliated airway cells (N = 5), and in upper airway epithelium (N = 2). In two patients with organizing DAD (>14 days from onset of respiratory failure), no virus was detected in lungs or airways. No endothelial cell infection was observed. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of epithelial cells in lungs and airways of patients with COVID-19 who developed respiratory failure can be detected during the acute phase of lung injury and is absent in the organizing phase. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32561849/ doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0595-z id: cord-326497-458mnekj author: Schaible, Jan title: Sharp margin and geographic shape: systematic evaluation of two novel CT features in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-07-08 words: 2797.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326497-458mnekj.txt summary: Advances in knowledge: The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT. Advances in knowledge: The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate CT morphology of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) proven COVID-19 pneumonia in a German cohort with special emphasis on the frequency of the empirically observed but so far not systematically evaluated novel CT features. We evaluated two more CT signs which might increase specificity of CT for COVID-19 pneumonia: In the presented cohort, a sharp margin of opacifications with respect to the surrounding healthy tissue was observed in a high proportion of patients (n = 85, 79%). The newly described CT features "sharp margin" and "geographic shape" of opacifications were frequently observed in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and might help to increase specificity of CT. abstract: OBJECTIVE: CT is important in the care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, specificity might be poor in the absence of a clinical and epidemiological context. The goal of this work was to systematically evaluate two novel CT features (sharp margin and geographic shape) of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: All patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction proven COVID-19 pneumonia and chest CT between March first and April 15, 2020 were retrospectively identified from two tertiary care hospitals in Germany. The CTs were evaluated regarding the presence of typical CT signs (e.g. ground glass opacitiy, consolidation, crazy paving). Moreover, the shape of the opacifications (round, geographic, curvilinear) and their margin (unsharp, sharp) was determined. RESULTS: The study population comprised 108 patients (64 male) with a mean age of 59.6 years. Ground glass opacities (96%) and consolidation (75%) were the most prevalent CT signs. Crazy paving was seen in 17%, bronchial dilatation in 21%, air bronchogram in 29%, vessel enlargement in 47%, cavitation in 0%, lymphadenopathy in 32%, pleural effusion in 16%. Round configuration of densities was present in 41% of CTs, geographic shape in 27% and curvilinear opacities in 44%. 79% of opacifications were at least partially sharply marginated. In almost all cases, the lung was affected bilaterally (94%). CONCLUSION: The CT pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in a cohort from Germany was in accordance with prior studies. However, we identified two novel CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia which have so far not been systematically evaluated. A sharp border and geographic shape of opacifications were frequently observed. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The newly described CT features “sharp margin” and “geographic shape” of opacifications in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia might help to increase specificity of CT. url: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20200026 doi: 10.1259/bjro.20200026 id: cord-293333-mqoml9o5 author: Scharbarg, Emeric title: From the hospital scale to nationwide: observability and identification of models for the COVID-19 epidemic waves date: 2020-10-03 words: 5785.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293333-mqoml9o5.txt summary: The second local model refers to a single node of the health system network, i.e. it models the flows of patients with a smaller granularity at the level of a regional hospital care center for COVID-19 infected patients. In particular apart the high transmission rate, other two aspects were immediately pointed out by the physicians which did strongly influence the diffusion of the disease and the medical resources: first it was estimated that a large delay of time (10 to 14 days) is present between the moment in which a person becomes infected and can infect, and the instant in which symptoms become evident and the person is isolated and sent to quarantine. The subsystem (2) consisting by I q , R and D q is then further discussed in Section 4: a group of people who are aware of their infection define the flow of admissions in a local hospital and are split into two populations, the patients admitted in conventional hospitalization and the patients admitted in intensive care. abstract: Two mathematical models of the COVID-19 dynamics are considered as the health system in some country consists in a network of regional hospital centers. The first macroscopic model for the virus dynamics at the level of the general population of the country is derived from a standard SIR model. The second local model refers to a single node of the health system network, i.e. it models the flows of patients with a smaller granularity at the level of a regional hospital care center for COVID-19 infected patients. Daily (low cost) data are easily collected at this level, and are worked out for a fast evaluation of the local health status thanks to control systems methods. Precisely, the identifiability of the parameters of the hospital model is proven and thanks to the availability of clinical data, essential characteristics of the local health status are identified. Those parameters are meaningful not only to alert on some increase of the infection, but also to assess the efficiency of the therapy and health policy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041632/ doi: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2020.09.007 id: cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author: Schartau, Patricia title: Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 2040.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt summary: The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Over time this was confirmed by data collected by Global Health 50/50 (May 6th) in countries that had a high COVID-19 caseload; with death rates of 62% men and 38% women in Italy, 58% and 42% (respectively) in Spain, and 80% and 20% (respectively) in Greece. In the next section, we will move to discuss how governmental and public The current COVID-19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. 5 As it happens, one of the authors (PS) of this article was in the small town of Landsberg for a meeting on the day when Germany''s first COVID-19 case was recorded there: the patient was a male who worked for a company that has two car plants in Wuhan in China. abstract: The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Here the authors explore some of the reasons behind both these phenomena and outline what we can learn from them for the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300644/ doi: 10.1002/tre.752 id: cord-034371-j3xxmkjd author: Schellack, Natalie title: COVID-19: Guidelines for pharmacists in South Africa date: 2020-06-10 words: 5039.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034371-j3xxmkjd.txt summary: This evidence-based review is aimed at providing guidance for pharmacists in community, hospital and other settings in South Africa, on the management of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19. • Epidemiology • The virus, its modes of transmission and incubation period • Symptom identification, including the differentiation between influenza, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and COVID-19 • Social media myths and misinformation • Treatment guidelines and medicines that may need to be kept in stock • Treatment and prevention options, including an update on vaccine development • The case for and against the use of NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19 • Interventions and patient counselling by the pharmacist. The current NDoH/NICD guidelines do not recommend the use of chloroquine (CQ)/ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), due to insufficient evidence, in the treatment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. abstract: Epidemiology. The virus, its modes of transmission and incubation period. Symptom identification, including the differentiation between influenza, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and COVID-19. Social media myths and misinformation. Treatment guidelines and medicines that may need to be kept in stock. Treatment and prevention options, including an update on vaccine development. The case for and against the use of NSAIDs, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19. Interventions and patient counselling by the pharmacist. World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD): https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/covid-19/. National Department of Health (NDoH): http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/outbreaks/145-corona-virus-outbreak/465-corona-virus-outbreak; https://sacoronavirus.co.za/; url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7577345/ doi: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.206 id: cord-344011-w9zn7hb2 author: Schiffrin, Ernesto L title: Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED? date: 2020-05-16 words: 670.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344011-w9zn7hb2.txt summary: Hajra and Bandyopadhyay have cited recent retrospective studies 6,7 that were published after our Editorial in the last month that support our conclusion that there is no evidence of harm of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19. As well, among a total of 18,472 patients tested for COVID-19 in the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida between March 8 and April 12, 2020, there was no association of use of ACEIs and ARBs with testing positive A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 for COVID-19, 9 which suggests that taking these agents did not increase susceptibility to infection by the novel virus RAS-CoV-2. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415836/ doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa077 id: cord-308431-l4sv28hj author: Schindler, Seth title: Covid-19, China and the future of global development date: 2020-08-04 words: 7015.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308431-l4sv28hj.txt summary: This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China''s development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China''s development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative. A recent global survey confirmed that the vast majority of people around the world think that China''s response to Covid-19 has been far more effective than the United States'' (Wintour, 2020) . The dollar is likely to remain the global reserve currency by default, but as countries grapple with the health impacts and economic fallout from Covid-19, many will turn to China for leadership given the effectiveness of its response. abstract: Abstract Tensions between the United States and China have been escalating in recent years, and the Covid-19 pandemic has intensified their competition. If sustained, China's more effective public health response and economic restart will burnish its leadership credentials in the field of global development. This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China's development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We contrast the universalism and rigidity of contemporary development orthodoxy with China's emphasis on bilateral and pragmatic forms of development cooperation borne out of its domestic experience. While Chinese development assistance and loans enhance its soft power, partner countries are offered significant autonomy and flexibility. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China's development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590051X20300095?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100020 id: cord-031106-h1h5q9qo author: Schivardi, Fabiano title: Identifying the Real Effects of Zombie Lending date: 2020-07-07 words: 7036.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031106-h1h5q9qo.txt summary: Second, and more importantly, we argue that the empirical framework commonly applied in the literature to estimate the effects of zombie lending on healthy firms suffers from a serious identification problem that can bias the results toward finding a negative spillover, even when this is not actually the case. We show that this correlation can arise naturally from standard shocks which, by shifting the distribution of firms performance to the left, mechanically increase the share of zombies and reduce the relative performance of healthy firms, absent any spillover. An adverse demand shock in sector j is bound to increase the share of zombies, while negatively affecting the performance of healthy firms operating in the same sector. In particular, we want to know how exogenous changes in Z jt , the share of zombies in sector j at t, affect µ N Z − µ Z through possible spillover effects, such as distortions of competition or lower credit supply to healthy firms. abstract: The policy response to COVID-19 includes the provision of credit guarantees to firms, a provision that may generate zombie lending. According to the recent literature, the relative performance of healthy firms deteriorates as the fraction of zombies increases. We argue that this literature faces a serious identification problem, because firm performance is often used to define zombies (sometimes implicitly). We show that, under general conditions for the distribution of firm performance, the correlation between healthy firm performance and zombies is a mechanical consequence of an increase in the fraction of zombies with no causal meaning. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454878/ doi: 10.1093/rcfs/cfaa010 id: cord-281551-0aj2zwx8 author: Schlagenhauf, Patricia title: Repurposing antimalarials and other drugs for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 words: 1433.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281551-0aj2zwx8.txt summary: A French paper reporting on the use of drug combinations in infected patients highlighted the possibility that hydroxychloroquine is effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients [4] particularly in combination with azithromycin. For instance, teicoplanin was proposed as a potential treatment in COVID-19 patients and has already shown inhibitory effects on cell entry of Ebola virus, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the past. However, it has to be acknowledged that in this and other cases, it is a long, expensive and time-consuming way, even if there is an accelerated avenue to expedite promising developments, from in vitro assays indicative of antiviral effects to the initiation steps of safety and efficacy assessments in humans, Finding compounds that can block the entry of the virus into the cell could be an important approach to find potential therapies for COVID-19. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477893920301265 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101658 id: cord-294057-fbox3a5q author: Schlegl, Sandra title: Bulimia nervosa in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of former inpatients date: 2020-08-07 words: 2812.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294057-fbox3a5q.txt summary: It was divided into seven parts: (a) Sociodemographic and other information such as age, sex, current self-reported height and weight, occupational situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and contact history with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that is, current or previous own confirmed infection or infection of others (yes/no answers); (b) Overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED symptoms and general well-being, that is, deterioration of symptomatology and quality of life, adverse effects on therapy, incidence of new symptoms (5-point scale with 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree); (c) Worries, for example, regarding infections, relapses, food insecurity, finances, and job (5-point scale with 1 = extremely worried to 5 = not at all worried); (d) General psychopathology and interpersonal conflicts (5-point scale with 1 = significantly worsened to 5 = significantly improved); (e) Specific ED symptoms and behaviours (5-point scale from 1 = significantly worsened/much more to 5 = significantly improved/much less); (f) Health care utilisation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (yes/no answers); (g) Use and helpfulness of strategies as suggested by Fernandez-Aranda et al. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The COVID‐19 pandemic might pose special challenges to patients with eating disorders (EDs) by interfering with daily routines. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the current pandemic on patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). METHODS: Fifty‐five former inpatients with BN completed an online survey on psychological consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as on changes in health care utilisation and on the use and helpfulness of different coping strategies. RESULTS: Almost half of patients (49%) reported a deterioration of their ED symptomatology and 62% reported a reduced quality of life. The frequency of binge eating increased in 47% of patients and self‐induced vomiting in 36%. Forty‐six percent of patients stated a noticeable impairment of psychotherapy. Face‐to‐face psychotherapy decreased by 56% but videoconferencing therapy was only used by 22% of patients. Enjoyable activities, virtual social contacts with friends and mild physical activities were rated as the most helpful coping strategies among those most used. DISCUSSION: Approximately one half to two‐thirds of former inpatients with BN experienced a negative impact of the crisis on their ED symptomatology and quality of life. In challenging times when face‐to‐face therapy options are restricted, e‐health treatments such as videoconferencing therapy should be considered to ensure continuity of care. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2773 doi: 10.1002/erv.2773 id: cord-303453-9nsk6vdi author: Schlosser, Michael title: COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery date: 2020-07-18 words: 1838.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303453-9nsk6vdi.txt summary: The testing of patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been proposed as a mechanism for protecting patients and healthcare workers during the current Despite this, testing of pre-surgical patients, both emergent and elective, has quickly become common practice due to fear of exposure, the desire to reassure patients that areas of the hospital are "COVID-free", and competitive pressures within markets. (6) As elective and non-emergent procedures resume amid COVID-19, providers are challenged with determining the best pre-surgical testing processes to balance safety of patients and healthcare workers with other factors, such as delays to needed procedures and the cost of testing, and frameworks have been proposed for evaluating the changing regulatory guidelines and societal pressures. The two testing processes consisted of the following: 1) algorithm-based testing according to risk of exposure (figure 1); 2) expanded testing of all pre-surgical and pre-procedural cases. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.009 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.009 id: cord-338571-1pp8v6nk author: Schmidt, Charles W. title: Lack of Handwashing Access: A Widespread Deficiency in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 1003.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338571-1pp8v6nk.txt summary: 1, 2 A new study in Environmental Health Perspectives reports that billions of people lack access to the handwashing resources needed for protection against this and other viruses. 7 For the current study, Brauer''s team set out to estimate how many people in the world have access to handwashing facilities with soap and water. Where observational data were lacking, the team predicted access to handwashing stations based on surveys that documented the presence of piped water. Based on these analyses, the investigators estimated that approximately 2 billion people globally lacked handwashing Should the COVID-19 pandemic coincide with water shortages in such areas, the study authors wrote, "access will be further restricted and will disproportionately harm those who can least afford to pay for water." Hand sanitizers may provide a temporary alternative, and evidence from prior epidemics shows they can slow viral transmission. Global access to handwashing: implications for COVID-19 control in low-income countries abstract: [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32598184/ doi: 10.1289/ehp7493 id: cord-321149-hffj7s4o author: Schmidt, Matthieu title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-08-13 words: 5362.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321149-hffj7s4o.txt summary: Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. This retrospective study, with 83 patients included and a complete follow-up until day 60 post-ECMO initiation is, to our knowledge, the largest to date reporting the outcomes after rescue ECMO for the most severe forms of COVID-19 ARDS, in the Paris-Sorbonne University Hospital Network (Paris, France), the principal hospital referral network for ICU care in Greater Paris, including one of the largest European ECMO centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital). Following early reports of severe COVID-19 associated coagulopathy [16] [17] [18] and frequent thromboembolic events on ECMO, inclu ding massive pulmonary embolism, 19, 20 we decided to increase the targeted activated partial thromboplastin time for anticoagulation of venovenous ECMO with unfractionated heparin to 60-75 s or anti-Xa activity 0·3-0·5 IU/mL (respective values were 40-55 s or 0·2-0·3 IU/mL in the EOLIA trial 3 ) before we treated our first patients with COVID-19 ARDS. abstract: Summary Background Patients with COVID-19 who develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can have symptoms that rapidly evolve to profound hypoxaemia and death. The efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with severe ARDS in the context of COVID-19 is unclear. We aimed to establish the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with respiratory failure and COVID-19 treated with ECMO. Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. Patient demographics and daily pre-ECMO and on-ECMO data and outcomes were collected. Possible outcomes over time were categorised into four different states (states 1–4): on ECMO, in the ICU and weaned off ECMO, alive and out of ICU, or death. Daily probabilities of occupation in each state and of transitions between these states until day 90 post-ECMO onset were estimated with use of a multi-state Cox model stratified for each possible transition. Follow-up was right-censored on July 10, 2020. Findings From March 8 to May 2, 2020, 492 patients with COVID-19 were treated in our ICUs. Complete day-60 follow-up was available for 83 patients (median age 49 [IQR 41–56] years and 61 [73%] men) who received ECMO. Pre-ECMO, 78 (94%) patients had been prone-positioned; their median driving pressure was 18 (IQR 16–21) cm H2O and PaO2/FiO2 was 60 (54–68) mm Hg. At 60 days post-ECMO initiation, the estimated probabilities of occupation in each state were 6% (95% CI 3–14) for state 1, 18% (11–28) for state 2, 45% (35–56) for state 3, and 31% (22–42) for state 4. 35 (42%) patients had major bleeding and four (5%) had a haemorrhagic stroke. 30 patients died. Interpretation The estimated 60-day survival of ECMO-rescued patients with COVID-19 was similar to that of studies published in the past 2 years on ECMO for severe ARDS. If another COVID-19 outbreak occurs, ECMO should be considered for patients developing refractory respiratory failure despite optimised care. Funding None. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32798468/ doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30328-3 id: cord-024782-ffl4qtmb author: Schmitt, Willian title: Covid-19: round and oval areas of ground-glass opacity date: 2020-05-14 words: 220.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024782-ffl4qtmb.txt summary: key: cord-024782-ffl4qtmb authors: Schmitt, Willian; Marchiori, Edson cord_uid: ffl4qtmb The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to express. Patients infected with COVID-19 typically present with fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgia, and the infection may cause severe pneumonia. Although test results are normal for many patients, the predominant laboratory abnormalities include the elevation of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Additionally, lymphopenia is consistently present in more than 40% of patients [1-3]. Currently, realtime reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the reference standard test for the definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19): A Perspective from China Imaging Profile of the COVID-19 Infection: Radiologic Findings and Literature Review A role for CT in COVID-19? Chest Imaging Appearance of COVID-19 Infection CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia CT Features of Coronavirus Disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7221371/ doi: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.011 id: cord-326971-jekqhslx author: Schnepper, Rebekka title: Being My Own Companion in Times of Social Isolation – A 14-Day Mobile Self-Compassion Intervention Improves Stress Levels and Eating Behavior date: 2020-10-09 words: 4958.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326971-jekqhslx.txt summary: In this study, N = 65 participants that wanted to lose weight or develop a healthier eating behavior were randomized to either a 14-day self-compassion intervention arm or a waitlist control arm. Before and after the intervention phase, questionnaires on self-compassion, eating, dieting, health behavior, stress, and emotion regulation were completed and body weight was determined. Future studies should replicate these findings outside of the COVID-19 crisis and test the effect of self-compassion in samples with eating disorders or weight problems. Although a review showed beneficial effects of SC on eating behavior, body image, and weight loss (Rahimi-Ardabili et al., 2018) , previous studies suffered from several limitations like failing to include a control group (Pinto-Gouveia et al., 2019) , combining SC with other helpful components like mindfulness, yoga, and psychoeducation, or only assessing short-term effects. In this study, participant who wanted to lose weight or change their eating behavior received a 2-week, smartphonebased self-compassion intervention. abstract: The worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the resulting lockdown has affected the whole world and the maintenance of healthy eating behavior might be an additional challenge. Self-compassion (SC) interventions emphasize not only treating oneself in a caring way regarding personal weaknesses, e.g., diet lapses, but also the recognition of shared human suffering. Thus, self-compassion might be particularly valuable during the current worldwide crisis due to COVID-19. In this study, N = 65 participants that wanted to lose weight or develop a healthier eating behavior were randomized to either a 14-day self-compassion intervention arm or a waitlist control arm. The intervention consisted of daily journaling exercises and meditations via smartphone with a focus on improving eating behavior. Before and after the intervention phase, questionnaires on self-compassion, eating, dieting, health behavior, stress, and emotion regulation were completed and body weight was determined. Participants in the treatment arm (n = 28) showed an increase in self-compassion, a decrease in perceived stress, eating in response to feeling anxious, and, on trend level, body mass index (BMI). Changes in self-compassion fully mediated changes in stress. No such effects were found in the waitlist control group (n = 29). Thus, self-compassion might help to maintain well-being and healthy eating habits in times of increased stress and isolation. Future studies should replicate these findings outside of the COVID-19 crisis and test the effect of self-compassion in samples with eating disorders or weight problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162922/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595806 id: cord-294789-07hto8qn author: Schoch-Spana, Monica title: The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date: 2020-10-29 words: 5808.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt summary: Members of the working group-listed as authors on this paper-included national figures in public health and social science with research, policy, and practice expertise in vaccinology, vaccine hesitancy/confidence, health disparities, infectious disease, bioethics, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health law, pandemic mitigation, public health preparedness, mass vaccination campaigns, community engagement, and crisis and emergency risk communication. A combination of literature reviews on vaccination, pandemic planning, and health crisis communication; an assessment of current news and social media trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines; and key informant interviews with each working group member focusing on their respective expertise formed the basis of the research presented in this article. To ensure a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it is necessary for sponsors to invest in time-critical investigations on human factors related to vaccine acceptance, and for public health authorities and other stakeholders to act on the social and behavioral findings of this research. abstract: Given the social and economic upheavals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, political leaders, health officials, and members of the public are eager for solutions. One of the most promising, if they can be successfully developed, is vaccines. While the technological development of such countermeasures is currently underway, a key social gap remains. Past experience in routine and crisis contexts demonstrates that uptake of vaccines is more complicated than simply making the technology available. Vaccine uptake, and especially the widespread acceptance of vaccines, is a social endeavor that requires consideration of human factors. To provide a starting place for this critical component of a future COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the United States, the 23-person Working Group on Readying Populations for COVID-19 Vaccines was formed. One outcome of this group is a synthesis of the major challenges and opportunities associated with a future COVID-19 vaccination campaign and empirically-informed recommendations to advance public understanding of, access to, and acceptance of vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2. While not inclusive of all possible steps than could or should be done to facilitate COVID-19 vaccination, the working group believes that the recommendations provided are essential for a successful vaccination program. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0264410X20313682 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.059 id: cord-293990-h2o3v5gp author: Schoenbrunner, Anna title: Considerations for Pediatric Craniofacial Surgeons During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-11 words: 1807.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293990-h2o3v5gp.txt summary: One week later, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a statement that ''''all elective, nonessential medical, surgical, and dental procedures be delayed'''' during the COVID-19 outbreak to minimize spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). 1 The CMS recommendations created a tiered framework to guide surgeons and healthcare systems in their determination of which procedures are elective based on acuity, risk of progression, and symptomatology. As of this time, the only state to mention consideration of patient age is Arizona, which recommends surgeons ''''consider the health and age of the patient.'''' 2 The pediatric population has been largely spared during the COVID-19 outbreak, with incidence of COVID-19 infection of less than 1% in children under 10 years of age and less than 2% in children under 19 years of age. Primary cleft lip and palate repair is a low acuity surgery performed in a healthy patient, making this a Tier 1a procedure; CMS recommends these surgeries be postponed. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000006565 doi: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006565 id: cord-253908-zgk5d4c1 author: Schrack, Jennifer A title: After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Next Wave of Health Challenges for Older Adults date: 2020-04-21 words: 1005.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253908-zgk5d4c1.txt summary: Although this is an encouraging and necessary step, not all older patients may be amenable to telemedicine and providers need to be aware of the potential long-term impacts of the absence M a n u s c r i p t of direct patient contact, as well as the potential for a second wave of chronic health conditions fueled by the current pandemic. In these uncertain times, research on remote monitoring of physical activity, sleep, anxiety/stress levels, nutrition, and access to care may help quantify the potential impact of COVID-19 on chronic health conditions and identify future intervention/treatment targets. Perhaps more importantly, telemedicine and wearable technology can increase our knowledge about the potential side effects of social distancing for older populations, informing future preparedness research and providing a more comprehensive understanding of ways to minimize the effects of future pandemics on long-term health in older adults. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa102 doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa102 id: cord-351305-6vtv2xuh author: Schramm, Markus A. title: COVID-19 in a Severely Immunosuppressed Patient With Life-Threatening Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis date: 2020-08-28 words: 1260.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351305-6vtv2xuh.txt summary: The current pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compels clinicians to develop recommendations for successful clinical management and surveillance of immunocompromised patients at high risk for severe disease progression. With only few case studies published on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, we report a 25-year-old male who developed moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with fever, mild dyspnea, and no major complications despite having received high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for the treatment of highly active, life-threatening eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Thus, due to severity and refractory disease the previously healthy patient was continuously hospitalized from January to March 2020, receiving intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYCLOPS-protocol, cumulative dose 4.76 g), rituximab (4 × 375 mg/m 2 ), and a long-term, slowly tapered high-dose prednisolone treatment (up to 1 g/day). Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients abstract: Immunosuppressive therapies increase the susceptibility of patients to infections. The current pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compels clinicians to develop recommendations for successful clinical management and surveillance of immunocompromised patients at high risk for severe disease progression. With only few case studies published on SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases, we report a 25-year-old male who developed moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with fever, mild dyspnea, and no major complications despite having received high-dose prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for the treatment of highly active, life-threatening eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983161/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02086 id: cord-312955-gs65c3fy author: Schreiber, Gideon title: The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 words: 8418.0 sentences: 467.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the production of IFNβ and thus obstructs the innate immune response to this virus, it is sensitive to the antiviral activity of externally administrated IFN-Is. In this review I discuss the diverse modes of biological actions of IFN-Is and how these are related to biophysical parameters of IFN-I–receptor interaction and cell-type specificity in light of the large variety of binding affinities of the different IFN-I subtypes towards the common interferon receptor. Thereby, it inhibits the nuclear transport of phosphorylated STAT1, rendering cells refractory to IFN-Is. Another example of viral mechanisms that evolved to eliminate IFN-I functions in inducing innate immunity is given by the SARS corona virus, where both the production of IFNb and the IFN-I induced signaling are attenuated. This gene was found to preferentially cleave the ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), FIGURE 4 | SARS-CoV-2 has multiple effects on the immune system, including inhibition of IFNb production, which results in ISGs not to be produced, CD4+ and CD8+ exhaustion and increased levels of pro-inflammatory proteins (TNFa, IL6, NF-kB). abstract: Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity. Later, it became one of the first approved protein drugs using heterologous protein expression systems, which allowed its large-scale production. It has been approved, and widely used in a pleiotropy of diseases, including multiple-sclerosis, hepatitis B and C, and some forms of cancer. Preliminary clinical data has supported its effectiveness against potential pandemic pathogens such as Ebola and SARS. Still, more efficient and specific drugs have taken its place in treating such diseases. The COVID-19 global pandemic has again lifted the status of IFN-Is to become one of the more promising drug candidates, with initial clinical trials showing promising results in reducing the severity and duration of the disease. Although SARS-CoV-2 inhibits the production of IFNβ and thus obstructs the innate immune response to this virus, it is sensitive to the antiviral activity of externally administrated IFN-Is. In this review I discuss the diverse modes of biological actions of IFN-Is and how these are related to biophysical parameters of IFN-I–receptor interaction and cell-type specificity in light of the large variety of binding affinities of the different IFN-I subtypes towards the common interferon receptor. Furthermore, I discuss how these may guide the optimized use IFN-Is in combatting COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739 id: cord-307273-pplky6g4 author: Schrooyen, Loïc title: Homeless people hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brussels date: 2020-08-07 words: 1006.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307273-pplky6g4.txt summary: To the editor, Compared to the general population, homeless people have higher mortality, both related to communicable and non-communicable diseases, partly explained by higher exposure to risk factors including alcoholism, illicit drug abuse and smoking(1,2). Between 3 rd March and 26 th May 2020, 14 homeless people were identified among 238 patients hospitalized for a COVID-19 pneumonia resulting in a homelessness prevalence of 5.88%. Incidences of COVID-19 among homeless and non-homeless patients were calculated using homeless census report and our hospital catchment population. For the reporting period, incidences were 650 and 194/100.000 hospitalized homeless and non-homeless patients for COVID-19, respectively. We found a high but similar proportion of comorbidities (arterial hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) in both populations hospitalized with COVID-19. The high prevalence of comorbidities and the increased exposure to risk factors in the homeless population could increase their risk of more severe disease and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1198743X2030478X doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.002 id: cord-270983-2m38duq4 author: Schuivens, Puck M.E. title: Impact of the COVID-19 lock down strategy on vascular surgery practice: more major amputations than usual date: 2020-08-04 words: 831.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270983-2m38duq4.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on the number and type of vascular procedures performed in the operating theatre. RESULTS: Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020 respectively; p-value .019). CONCLUSION: Measurements taken during the lockdown period have a significant effect on non-COVID-19 vascular patient care, which leads to an increased severe morbidity. Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant 46 increase in number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020 47 respectively; p-value .019). During the COVID-19 lockdown period, 10 patients underwent surgery for an aortic 156 aneurysm. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown period on the number and type of vascular procedures performed in the operating theatre. METHODS: 38 patients that underwent 46 vascular procedures during the lockdown period of March 16th until April 30th, 2020 were included. The control groups consisted of 29 patients in 2019 and 54 patients in 2018 that underwent respectively 36 and 66 vascular procedures in the same time period. Data was analysed with SPSS statistics. RESULTS: Our study shows that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in number of major amputations (42% in 2020 vs 18% and 15% in 2019 and 2020 respectively; p-value .019). Furthermore, we observed a statistically significant difference in the degree of tissue loss as categorized by the Rutherford classification (p-value .007). During the lockdown period patients presented with more extensive ischemic damage when compared to previous years. We observed no difference in vascular surgical care for patients with an aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSION: Measurements taken during the lockdown period have a significant effect on non-COVID-19 vascular patient care, which leads to an increased severe morbidity. In the future policymakers should be aware of the impact of their measurements on vulnerable patient groups like patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. For these patients medical care should be easily accessible and adequate. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0890509620306178 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.07.025 id: cord-319615-p2labgd8 author: Schulman, Sam title: Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism date: 2020-05-11 words: 3048.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319615-p2labgd8.txt summary: Several studies have shown that the severely ill patients have high or very high Ddimer values, and a hypercoagulable state has been described with, in some cases, development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 2, 3 Subsequently, European physicians have reported a higher incidence of thromboembolic events, mainly venous, in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU). • Does the hypercoagulability result in a higher incidence of thromboembolism than in other patients with severe infection in the ICU? 6 A meta-analysis of 30 studies and 53,000 patients reported that increased D-dimer was associated with severe COVID-19 infection, with a p-value of < 0.001. At three hospitals in the Netherlands, all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU were evaluated for venous and arterial thromboembolic complications. In most of the studies from China, it is not reported whether, and in such cases how many, patients received chemoprophylaxis against venous thromboembolism and at what dose. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710337 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710337 id: cord-271032-imc6woht author: Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas title: Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment date: 2020-08-05 words: 9740.0 sentences: 692.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271032-imc6woht.txt summary: Given the dramatic changes in various immune cell populations (Fig. 1C+D) , we next 171 assessed their composition and activation state by droplet-based scRNA-seq in 27 samples 172 from 18 COVID-19 patients (8 mild & 10 severe, cohort 1, Table S1 ) collected between day 173 3 and day 20 after symptom onset. All LDNs also expressed high levels of alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 (Fig. 5D) , whereas 343 other S100 genes (e.g. S100A4, S100A12) were strongly induced in selected neutrophil 344 Alterations of the neutrophil compartment were further interrogated by mass cytometry of 362 whole blood samples of COVID-19 patients (n=8 mild + 9 severe, cohort 1), FLI patients 363 (n=8), and age-and gender-matched controls (n=9) (Table S1), using a panel designed to 364 detect myeloid cell maturation and activation states as well as markers of 365 immunosuppression or dysfunction (Table S2) . abstract: Summary Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild to moderate respiratory tract infection, however, a subset of patients progresses to severe disease and respiratory failure. The mechanism of protective immunity in mild forms and the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, associated with increased neutrophil counts and dysregulated immune responses, remains unclear. In a dual-center, two-cohort study, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell proteomics of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine changes in immune cell composition and activation in mild vs. severe COVID-19 (242 samples from 109 individuals) over time. HLA-DRhiCD11chi inflammatory monocytes with an interferon-stimulated gene signature were elevated in mild COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was marked by occurrence of neutrophil precursors, as evidence of emergency myelopoiesis, dysfunctional mature neutrophils, and HLA-DRlo monocytes. Our study provides detailed insights into the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and it reveals profound alterations in the myeloid cell compartment associated with severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001 id: cord-347262-q88g1561 author: Schutzer‐Weissmann, J. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection risk during elective peri‐operative care: a narrative review date: 2020-07-11 words: 4753.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt summary: Whilst none of these were anaesthetists or intensivists, 53/1718 (3.1%) healthcare workers performing or involved in tracheal intubation of patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 subsequently reported laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection [4] . Here, we review the evidence from SARS and contemporaneous data from COVID-19 to inform assessment and management of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri-operative care. The WHO list of aerosol-generating procedures is based on epidemiological evidence of transmission to healthcare workers caring for SARS patients [30, [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] . The studies upon which the WHO list of aerosol-generating procedures is based do not provide any direct evidence that tracheal intubation itself increases the risk of SARS transmission. Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review abstract: The protection of healthcare workers from the risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is a paramount concern. SARS‐CoV‐2 is likely to remain endemic and measures to protect healthcare workers against nosocomial infection will need to be maintained. This review aims to inform the assessment and management of the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri‐operative care. In the absence of data specifically related to the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in the peri‐operative setting, we explore the evidence‐base that exists regarding modes of viral transmission, historical evidence for the risk associated with aerosol‐generating procedures and contemporaneous data from the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify a significant lack of data regarding the risk of transmission in the management of elective surgical patients, highlighting the urgent need for further research. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15221 doi: 10.1111/anae.15221 id: cord-351022-8y43jhmu author: Schwartz, Carmela title: A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak date: 2020-09-01 words: 2902.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351022-8y43jhmu.txt summary: title: A dynamic response to exposures of healthcare workers to newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients or hospital personnel, in order to minimize cross transmission and need for suspension from work during the outbreak Jerusalem and its surroundings is the area with the highest prevalence of COVID-19 patients in Israel (2) .Health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of exposure to infected persons (3) , and concern aroused early in the course of the epidemic that a substantial number of HCWs might need to be suspended from work. After two weeks (on March 20), during which over 250 HCWs were sustained from work, the need A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 8 for home isolation was redefined according to the following principles: 1) if the index case was symptomatic at the time of exposure (e.g., fever or chills, respiratory symptoms, loss of smell or taste), all close contacts were sent to home isolation for 14 days following exposure date. abstract: BACKGROUND: During the corona virus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, many healthcare workers (HCWs) were exposed to infected persons, leading to suspension from work. We describe a dynamic response to exposures of HCWs at the Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, to minimize the need for suspension from work. METHODS: We performed an epidemiological investigation following each exposure to a newly diagnosed COVID-19 patient or HCW; close contacts were suspended from work. During the course of the epidemic, we adjusted our isolation criteria according to the timing of exposure related to symptoms onset, use of personal protective equipment and duration of exposure. In parallel, we introduced universal masking and performed periodic SARS-CoV-2 screening for all hospital personnel. We analyzed the number of HCWs suspended weekly from work and those who subsequently acquired infection. RESULTS: In the 51 investigations conducted during March-May 2020, we interviewed 1095 HCWs and suspended 400 (37%) from work, most of them, 251 (63%), during the first two weeks of the outbreak. The median duration of exposure was 30 minutes (IQR, 15-120). Only 5/400 (1.3%) developed infection, all in the first two weeks of the epidemic. After introduction of universal masking and despite loosening the isolation criteria, none of the exposed HCWs developed COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively short exposures of HCWs, even if only either the worker or the patient wore a mask, probably poses a very low risk for infection. This allows us to perform strict follow-up of exposed HCWs in these exposures, combined with repeated testing, instead of suspension from work. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa384 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa384 id: cord-328667-r5w09lb6 author: Schwartz, David A title: The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes date: 2020-05-11 words: 1518.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328667-r5w09lb6.txt summary: In contrast, some pregnant women might be asymptomatic or have only mild or nonspecific symptoms from an infectious disease, resulting in their escaping detection as having infection even when the embryo or fetus is severely affected. [9] evaluated for the first time the effects of being pregnant on COVID-19 disease and pneumonia using a case-control experimental design conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, a 1900-bed tertiary medical center in Wuhan, China. To accomplish this, the authors enrolled two cohorts of pregnant women with COVID-19 and pneumonia -one consisting of 16 pregnant women with pneumonia and rt-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the other with 18 pregnant women with pneumonia who were clinically and radiologically suspected of having COVID-19 but had negative rt-PCR test results. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case-control study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32392330/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa559 id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 words: 4844.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt summary: In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. abstract: Previous pandemics have seen high psychiatric morbidity among health care workers. Protecting clinician mental health in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an evidence-based approach to developing and deploying comprehensive clinician mental health support. In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. In addition to the literature review, in collaboration with the Collaborative for Healing and Renewal in Medicine (CHARM) network, the authors gathered practice guidelines and resources from health care organizations and professional societies worldwide to synthesize a list of resources deemed high-yield by well-being leaders. Studies of previous pandemics demonstrate heightened distress in health care workers years after the event. The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges that surpass those of previous pandemics, suggesting a significant mental health toll on clinicians. Long-term, proactive individual, organizational, and societal infrastructures for clinician mental health support are needed to mitigate the psychological costs of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822206/ doi: 10.7326/m20-4199 id: cord-283059-lq0pqmcv author: Schwarzkopf, Ran title: The Response of An Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience date: 2020-04-20 words: 1943.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283059-lq0pqmcv.txt summary: As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff''s assignments to help both with the institution''s efforts and our patients'' needs, from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. Each surgeon worked with his staff to reach out to their patients that had scheduled surgery dates 155 and discuss the current situation, answer questions and help decrease anxiety. At the graduate medical education (GME) level, NYU initially sought to minimize house staff 165 involvement with COVID patients by creating new non-teaching pulmonology and critical care 166 teams in the hospital. abstract: As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, we as healthcare professionals thrive to continue to help our patients, and as orthopedic surgeons this goal is ever more challenging. As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. In our report, we will detail the different aspects and actions taken by NYU Langone Health as well as NYU Langone orthopedic Hospital and the Orthopedic Department in particular. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff’s assignments to help both with the institution’s efforts and our patients’ needs, from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. We have reorganized our residency and fellowship rotations and assignments as well as adapting our educational programs to online learning. While constantly evolving to meet the institution’s and our patient demands, our leadership starts planning for the return to a new “normal”. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.041 doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.041 id: cord-331666-iwkuwnun author: Schweitzer, Wolf title: Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 3810.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331666-iwkuwnun.txt summary: Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. Control: Case of a 24 year old woman who had no acute respiratory distress syndrome related findings at all; there was post-mortem hypostasis dorsally at the right lung. While this man''s subjective report apparently did not include dyspnea, even less than a day prior to his death, the pulmonary pathology of this outpatient, as evidenced by PMCT, appears to extend beyond the severity shown in descriptions of currently published SARS-CoV-2-related fatalities, all of which apparently had obtained prior hospital and intensive-care treatment [39] [40] [41] . As post-mortem RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a forensic setting may not be available or too slow, PMCT may identify lung changes possibly related to COVID-19. abstract: Abstract Case details: A case of a 50-year old HIV-positive man is presented, with focus on visualization of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) of the lungs, in comparison to a forensic control case. He had been found dead at home, a day after his nasopharyngeal swab had returned positive for SARS-COV-2, three days after the sample had been taken as an outpatient, over five weeks after first exhibiting possible symptoms. 3D-visualization was performed by visually discriminating correlates for aerated, poorly aerated and non-aerated lung regions. The visual side-by-side comparison with a control case shows the deterioration beyond any ”normal” post-mortem finding, however. The PMCT findings in the lungs resemble those of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while histologically identified inflammation also shows, in part binuclear, lymphocytes. In addition, acute liver dystrophy and acute tubular necrosis in the kidneys were found. Except coronary artery atherosclerosis, there appeared to be no remarkable pathology of the heart. Comment: With the pandemic impact of SARS-COV-2, a range of issues unfolds, also for medicolegal investigations into deaths, as we report the first Swiss case with post-mortem CT where death had occurred due to a SARS-COV-2 infection, with features of a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as an outpatient. As this pandemic from the view of risk assessment does constitute a black swan, underestimated fat tails as technical reason should be addressed by also analyzing apparent extreme single observations. This case of an outpatient (without hospital or intensive-care treatment) shows a pulmonary progression beyond the typical findings of COVID-19, to a non-specific picture of ARDS, where histologically, in part binuclear lymphocytes were remarked. What appeared to be an initially slow progression with final rapid escalation raises the question whether nasopharyngeal swabs alone or added pulmonary CT might be better for screening high-risk patients. The reported symptoms and relatively late medical consultation in this case appeared to contrast with the extensive pathology, raising the question whether any search for super-spreaders should not just focus on asymptomatic but under-reported symptomatic patients, and whether their prolonged circulation in everyday life would justify measures such as for example more extensive face mask policies. As post-mortem testing for SARS-COV-2 may not be available for every case, PMCT may provide sensitive testing for lung changes related to COVID-19. In order to allow for more precise medicolegal investigations in the context of COVID-19, however, any more specific extra tests may have to be financed by stakeholders in epidemiology, infectious disease or policy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666225620300270 doi: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200378 id: cord-012898-1jl6zcwa author: Schäfer, Sarah K. title: Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense of Coherence date: 2020-08-18 words: 2988.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012898-1jl6zcwa.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and to investigate the ability of pre-outbreak SOC levels to predict changes in psychopathological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Although mental health was stable in most respondents, a small group of respondents characterized by low levels of SOC experienced increased psychopathological symptoms from preto post-outbreak. In the current study, we aimed to examine the number of respondents who experienced a clinically significant change in psychopathological symptom levels from preto post-outbreak assessment or significant levels of CO-VID-19-related traumatic distress. Based on previous studies on COVID-19-related traumatic distress [5, 25] , we expected significant levels of traumatic distress in 10-20% of the sample and stronger stress responses in females, younger respondents, and those reporting a poor sleep quality. In the low-stress group, psychopathological symptoms decreased from pre-to post-outbreak assessment and SOC levels increased. abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is claimed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health. However, to date, prospective studies are lacking. Moreover, it is important to identify which factors modulate the stress response to the pandemic. Previously, sense of coherence (SOC) has emerged as a particularly important resistance factor. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and to investigate the ability of pre-outbreak SOC levels to predict changes in psychopathological symptoms. METHODS: This study assessed psychopathological symptoms and SOC before and after the COVID-19 outbreak as well as post-outbreak COVID-19-related traumatic distress in a German-speaking sample (n =1,591). Bivariate latent change score (BLCS) modeling was used to analyze pre- to post-outbreak changes in psychopathological symptoms and the ability of SOC to predict symptom changes. RESULTS: Overall, there was no change in psychopathological symptoms. However, on an individual-respondent level, 10% experienced a clinically significant increase in psychopathological symptoms and 15% met cut-off criteria for COVID-19-related traumatic distress. Using BLCS modeling, we identified a high-stress group experiencing an increase in psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in SOC and a low-stress group showing the reversed pattern. Changes in SOC and psychopathological symptoms were predicted by pre-outbreak SOC and psychopathological symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS: Although mental health was stable in most respondents, a small group of respondents characterized by low levels of SOC experienced increased psychopathological symptoms from pre- to post-outbreak. Thus, SOC training might be a promising approach to enhance the resistance to stressors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7490493/ doi: 10.1159/000510752 id: cord-265293-l9omunq4 author: Schönegger, Carmen Maria title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases date: 2020-10-24 words: 2114.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265293-l9omunq4.txt summary: title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases Those with objectifiable alteration in taste or smell were subjected to MRI with contrast agent to investigate possible involvement of the central nervous system. We encourage medical professionals to conduct specialized examinations and MRIs in the acute stage of disease, which guarantees an optimum patient care. The study was conducted on five patients reporting impairment of taste and smell with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Tyrol. In case objective testing revealed alterations in taste or smell, patients were subjected to MRI in a timely manner. Three weeks after the first olfactory and gustatory examination, a follow-up testing was conducted with the three patients who also had a second MRI. The first MRI images showed slight alterations in one patient, which could be associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia abstract: Smell and taste disorders are acknowledged as characteristic symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection by now. These symptoms have been linked to a neuroinvasive course of disease. In this study, we investigated five consecutive COVID-19 patients with a prolonged course of dysosmia and dysgeusia. Those with objectifiable alteration in taste or smell were subjected to MRI with contrast agent to investigate possible involvement of the central nervous system. We found dysosmia and dysgeusia to be mostly objectifiable, but no evidence for neuroinvasiveness could be detected by MRI in the late stage of the disease. Alterations in taste and smell could be objectified in most patients. Nevertheless, no evidence for a neuroinvasive potential could be identified by MRI, at least in the late stage of disease. We encourage medical professionals to conduct specialized examinations and MRIs in the acute stage of disease, which guarantees an optimum patient care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134844/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00606-4 id: cord-324919-ciamusjs author: Scialo, Filippo title: ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-10 words: 5356.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324919-ciamusjs.txt summary: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, hypertension and diabetes have been correlated with higher risk of mortality, and initial reports speculated that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are commonly used therapeutic agents for these conditions, would up-regulate ACE2 expression, thus increasing the risk of severe illness [37] . Binding of S1 subunit of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor triggers the cleavage of ACE2 by ADAM17/tumor necrosis factorconverting enzyme (TACE) at the ectodomain sites [41] and a soluble form that retains its catalytic activity (sACE2) is produced [42] . ACE2 shedding can be stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and endotoxin [47] that could result in a positive effect reducing SARS-CoV-2 entry, but at the same time, may cause an increase in AngII and further activation of the AngII/AT1R axis worsening inflammation (discussed below) (Fig. 1) . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) abstract: Despite the unprecedented effort of the scientific community, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 46 million people worldwide, killing over one million two hundred thousand. Understanding the mechanisms by which some individuals are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and why a subgroup of them are prone to experience severe pneumonia, and death should lead to a better approach and more effective treatments for COVID-19. Here, we focus our attention on ACE2, a primary receptor of SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss its biology, tissue expression, and post-translational regulation that determine its potential to be employed by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry. Particular attention will be given to how the ACE2 soluble form can have a great impact on disease progression and thus be used in a potential therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, we will discuss repercussions that SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding has on the renin–angiotensin system and beyond. Indeed, although mostly neglected, ACE2 can also act on [des-Arg 937]-bradykinin of the kinin–kallikrein system regulating coagulation and inflammation. Thorough comprehension of the role that ACE2 plays in different pathways will be the key to assess the impact that SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 binding has on organismal physiology and will help us to find better therapies and diagnostic tools. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4 doi: 10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4 id: cord-317500-ufo2qgj4 author: Scialpi, Michele title: Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-24 words: 428.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317500-ufo2qgj4.txt summary: Dear Editor, the outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 21 st , and has since then forced the scientific community to consider two fundamental aspects: first off, SARS-CoV-2 does not only cause pneumonia and second, the death of many critical ill patients is caused by multiple organ failure (involving the heart, liver, kidneys, blood and immune system). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association? COVID-19 Complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging Findings of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients Management strategy of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in the radiology department: a Chinese experience The Authors declare no conflicts of interest associated for the manuscript entiltled "Pulmonary thromboembolism in criticall ill COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.056 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.056 id: cord-346461-eqyte6ko author: Scialpi, Michele title: Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update date: 2020-08-28 words: 502.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346461-eqyte6ko.txt summary: In patients who died from COVID-19, autopsy studies revealed pneumonia from 0 to 48% of cases (17) (18) (19) . Finally, the histopathological findings in the lung of patients who died of COVID-19 are similar to those described in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (22,23), suggesting similarities in the pathogenesis and the mechanisms of lung tissue damage. The Author does not declare any conflict of interest associated for the manuscript entiltled "Pneumonia misinterpretation in COVID-19: revisitation and update". Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Early clinical and CT manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia CT manifestations of two cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia The clinical and chest CT features associated with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia Emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia Temporal changes of CT findings in 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a longitudinal study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220306962?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.067 id: cord-034660-g28qmyh8 author: Sciamanna, Christopher title: Using Persuasion Science to Improve COVID-19 Contact Tracing date: 2020-11-05 words: 1373.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034660-g28qmyh8.txt summary: Since its first call with a COVID-19 patient ("case") on March 27, the Contact Tracing program at Penn State Health, previously described in this journal 1 , has completed calls with 87% of all cases. In New York City, only 42% of people with COVID-19 gave information about close contacts to tracers 3 , whereas Penn State Health''s success rate in this regard is 62.5% since its inception. Hi, this is _____ calling from Penn State Health (Designed to incorporate the tactics of conveying expertise and trustworthiness of a health care provider and University, on the one hand, which increases a communicator''s influence and enhancing feelings of unity of place, on the other, which increases survey participation 4 ). We would also like to talk to you about your own quarantining measures and ways that we may be able to help (Designed to incorporate the tactic of reciprocity, in which people feel obligated to help to those who seek to help them and their close others 8 ). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7642730/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.004 id: cord-316943-ef3i96bo author: Sciberras, Justine title: The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date: 2020-10-19 words: 4865.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316943-ef3i96bo.txt summary: Whilst people with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19, enforcing lockdown regulations set by the Public Health department to reduce risk of infection brought about its own challenges to T2DM management. The pathophysiology and the underlying risk factors have long been established, yet the incidence of diabetes is still on a progressive incline [7] The 2019 coronavirus SARS-COV2 pandemic has further increased the burden on the diabetes population, those at risk of dyglcyaemic changes as well as the healthcare services [8] . Additionally, reports from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention stated that patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome might be 10 times more likely to die due to COVID-19 [20] . Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and a global epidemic. It is a known fact that co-morbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus, pose a higher risk of infection by COVID-19. Additionally, the outcomes following infection are far worse than in people without such co-morbities. Factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have long been established, yet this disease still bestows a substantial global burden. The aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the burden of diabetes pre-COVID-19 and the additional impact sustained by the diabetes population and healthcare systems during the COVID-19 pandemic, while providing recommendations of how this burden can be subsided. METHODOLOGY: Literature searches were carried out on ‘Google Scholar’ and ‘PubMed’ to identify relevant articles for the scope of this review. Information was also collected from reliable sources such as the World Health Organisation and the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: T2DM presented with economic, social and health burdens prior to COVID-19 with an significant ‘Disability Adjusted Life Years’ impact. Whilst people with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19, enforcing lockdown regulations set by the Public Health department to reduce risk of infection brought about its own challenges to T2DM management. Through recommendations and adapting to new methods of management such as telehealth, these challenges and potential consequences of mismanagement are kept to a minimum whilst safeguarding the healthcare system. CONCLUSION: By understanding the challenges and burdens faced by this population both evident pre-covid and during, targeted healthcare can be provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, implementation of targeted action plans and recommendations ensures the care provided is done in a safe and effective environment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102262/ doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4 id: cord-269090-o93gxlzx author: Sciortino, Rosalia title: Towards A Comprehensive Narrative and Response to COVID-19 in Southeast Asia date: 2020-09-01 words: 4116.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269090-o93gxlzx.txt summary: The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. Based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV, we can help shift a purely epidemiological approach to addressing the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific social contexts, and build agency of these groups while promoting social transformative change. abstract: The dominant narrative of the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia barely gives attention to the many social and cultural dimensions of the crisis, and humanities and social science experts remain at the margins of containment decisions. This short commentary highlight our potential contribution based on our disciplinary core principles and what has been learned from other epidemics, foremost HIV. It argues that we can help broaden the current epidemiological approach to understand and impact on the social drivers of vulnerability and risk for diverse populations in specific contexts, while promoting transformative change. We can achieve this through paradigmatic adjustments as well as a more daring and engaged role on our part. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291120300474?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100058 id: cord-310288-onr700ue author: Sciubba, Daniel M. title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond date: 2020-05-29 words: 3593.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310288-onr700ue.txt summary: title: Scoring system to triage patients for spine surgery in the setting of limited resources: Application to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying 19 spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical 20 comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource 21 limitations, and local disease burden. abstract: Abstract Background As of May 04, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 3.5 million people and touched every inhabited continent. Accordingly, it has stressed health systems the world over leading to the cancellation of elective surgical cases and discussions regarding healthcare resource rationing. It is expected that rationing of surgical resources will continue even after the pandemic peak, and may recur with future pandemics, creating a need for a means of triaging emergent and elective spine surgery patients. Methods Using a modified Delphi technique, a cohort of 16 fellowship-trained spine surgeons from 10 academic medical centers constructed a scoring system for the triage and prioritization of emergent and elective spine surgeries. Three separate rounds of videoconferencing and written correspondence were used to reach a final scoring system. Sixteen test cases were used to optimize the scoring system so that it could categorize cases as requiring emergent, urgent, high-priority elective, or low-priority elective scheduling. Results The devised scoring system included 8 independent components: neurological status, underlying spine stability, presentation of a high-risk post-operative complication, patient medical comorbidities, expected hospital course, expected discharge disposition, facility resource limitations, and local disease burden. The resultant calculator was deployed as a freely-available web-based calculator (https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/SpineUrgencyCalculator/). Conclusion Here we present the first quantitative urgency scoring system for the triage and prioritizing of spine surgery cases in resource-limited settings. We believe that our scoring system, while not all-encompassing, has potential value as a guide for triaging spine surgical cases during the COVID pandemic and post-COVID period. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020312043 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.233 id: cord-314829-tmgmqtjq author: Scohy, Anaïs title: Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-05-21 words: 1189.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314829-tmgmqtjq.txt summary: title: Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis Recently, several easy to perform rapid antigen detection tests were developed and recommended in some countries as the first line of diagnostic. We performed a comparison study by testing nasopharyngeal samples with RT-qPCR and antigen rapid test. Amongst the 106 positive RT-qPCR samples, 32 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 30.2%. All the samples detected positive with the antigen rapid tests were also positive with RT-qPCR. The aim of this study was to assess the performances of COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip as a frontline testing in comparison to molecular technique. In the ongoing pandemic context of COVID-19, diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in order to limit the spread of the virus as well as appropriately manage infected patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Ensuring accurate diagnosis is essential to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 and for the clinical management of COVID-19. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- qPCR) is the current recommended laboratory method to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 acute infection, several factors such as requirement of special equipment and skilled staff limit the use of these time-consuming molecular techniques. Recently, several easy to perform rapid antigen detection tests were developed and recommended in some countries as the first line of diagnostic. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the Coris COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip. Study design. We performed a comparison study by testing nasopharyngeal samples with RT-qPCR and antigen rapid test. RESULTS: 148 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested. Amongst the 106 positive RT-qPCR samples, 32 were detected by the rapid antigen test, given an overall sensitivity of 30.2%. All the samples detected positive with the antigen rapid tests were also positive with RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS: Highest viral load is associated with better antigen detection rates. Unfortunately, the overall poor sensitivity of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip does not allow using it alone as the frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1386653220301979 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104455 id: cord-345762-khvcoqti author: Scott, Ian A. title: COVID‐19 pandemic and the tension between the need to act and the need to know date: 2020-08-06 words: 3438.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345762-khvcoqti.txt summary: The false promise of rushed science A pandemic as serious as COVID-19 will compel some clinicians and patients to try unproven therapies based on theory, in vitro data, animal models, clinical anecdotes, observational studies and uncontrolled trials that may later be shown to be misleading. Hopefully, the same problems will not occur with remdesivir, whichdespite limited and conflicting evidence of clinical improvement from only two placebo-controlled RCT 19, 20 and one non-controlled cohort study 5has now become a ''standard of care'' in the United States for COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. Separating out these effects, and determining which drugs to use and when (early in the disease course or only at deterioration), will likely require large-scale trials with multiple treatment arms that are sufficiently powered to enable analyses of primary and, where indicated, secondary outcomes across different patient subgroups. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14929 doi: 10.1111/imj.14929 id: cord-341948-9w8od50e author: Scott, Michael title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-11 words: 2743.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341948-9w8od50e.txt summary: title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. Surgery simultaneously forms the definitive management of hydrocoele of canal of Nuck as well as providing an intraoperative, revised diagnosis. ► Radiology and ultrasonography findings distinguish hydrocoele of canal of Nuck from inguinal hernias. abstract: We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. Surgical approach superseded conservative management when the patient’s abdomen became acute, with a rising lactate and haemodynamic instability. Specifically, the presence of a fluid collection was concerning for sinister acute pathology. Our patient was rediagnosed intraoperatively with hydrocoele of canal of Nuck. This so-called ‘female hydrocoele’ is an eponymous anatomical rarity in general surgery, presenting as an inguinolabial swelling with variable clinical profile. Hydrocoele of canal of Nuck takes origin from failure of transitory reproductive anlagen to regress and is thus analogous to patent processus vaginalis. Its true incidence is speculative, with just several hundred cases globally. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237169 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237169 id: cord-032239-uoy0ywvw author: Scotto di Uccio, Fortunato title: ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Network Organization for the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients during the Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 2401.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032239-uoy0ywvw.txt summary: In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. 16, 17 In a patient presenting with ST-elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or ''STEMI-like'', if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a Coronary Angioplasty (PCI) COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health emergency. In Italy, the number of people infected by SARS-COVID-2 is rapidly increasing and what emerges from the current data is that the majority do not present any symptoms or only minor flu-like symptoms. In about 20% of the patients, the disease progresses towards more complex forms (interstitial pneumonia to acute respiratory distress and multiple organ failure) with the need of hospitalization in CICU and advanced ventilator assistance. The transmission of the virus occurs very easily from the symptomatic patient s droplets from coughing and sneezing and from direct contact with persons or surfaces. In a patient presenting with ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction or STEMI-like, if positive to COVID-19, the reperfusion therapeutic strategy depends on the local organization and on the possibility to access without delay a PCI COVID Center, on the basis, obviously, of the risk/benefit assessment of the individual case. However, we advise to try pursuing, in the first instance, the mechanical revascularization strategy, according to the available local possibilities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499571/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa111 id: cord-275979-cx2h5bsw author: Scutelnic, Adrian title: Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors—Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 6747.0 sentences: 342.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275979-cx2h5bsw.txt summary: According to the INTERSTROKE study, the 10 most frequent modifiable vascular risk factors are arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, dyslipidaemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol. Also, a higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and bad outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and vascular risk factors. A higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and worse outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and risk factors, compared with young and healthy persons [1, 6, 8-11, 28, 29] . Several potential mechanisms increasing this risk of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus have been proposed: (1) higher affinity of cellular binding of SARS-CoV-2 and higher levels of circulating furin facilitating virus entry, (2) increased ACE2 expression in the lungs, (3) decreased viral clearance, (4) diminished T cell function, (5) increased susceptibility to inflammation and cytokine storm syndrome and (6) co-existence of vascular disease and risk factors [5] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To elucidate the intertwining of vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors and COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS: Strokes are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Vascular risk factors are important drivers of strokes. There are unmodifiable vascular risk factors such as age and ethnicity and modifiable vascular risk factors. According to the INTERSTROKE study, the 10 most frequent modifiable vascular risk factors are arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, dyslipidaemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol. Also, infection and inflammation have been shown to increase the risk of stroke. There is high-quality evidence for the clinical benefits of optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new perspective to this field. Vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors—and COVID-19—are strongly intertwined. An increased risk of vascular events—by multifactorial mechanisms—has been observed in COVID-19 patients. Also, a higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and bad outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and vascular risk factors. SUMMARY: At present, we suggest that regular interactions between healthcare professionals and patients should include education on COVID-19 and on primary and secondary vascular prevention in order to reduce the burden of disease in our ageing populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-020-00648-y doi: 10.1007/s11940-020-00648-y id: cord-301852-9nza3po0 author: Sears, David title: Occupational Health: A Key to the Control of COVID-19 in Correctional Facilities date: 2020-07-27 words: 1255.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301852-9nza3po0.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. As COVID-19 transmission continues unabated in these settings, protecting the health and safety of correctional workers is a moral imperative and an underappreciated requirement to mitigate the pandemic''s effect on incarcerated persons and surrounding communities. Although occupational health interventions should focus primarily on correctional officers given their numbers and close, sustained contact with incarcerated persons, interventions should be adapted to reduce risk for infection for all staff. To protect correctional staff and ensure that community standards of care are afforded to incarcerated populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons must: Ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect us all. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 has swept through prisons in much the same way it has nursing homes: after being introduced by staff or newly arrived residents, it spreads efficiently, including to many with medical vulnerabilities. Yet, many correctional workers lack basic protections. The authors believe that ensuring community-standard occupational health for correctional staff during COVID-19 will protect prison residents, staff, and their communities. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-4543 doi: 10.7326/m20-4543 id: cord-284234-9cd2v6bt author: Sebastian, S title: Safety of drugs during previous and current coronavirus pandemics: Lessons for IBD date: 2020-06-10 words: 4483.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284234-9cd2v6bt.txt summary: Understandable concerns have been raised on the safety of steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and biologics used in patients for a variety of indications including immune mediated inflammatory disease such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which do increase the risk of opportunistic bacterial, viral and fungal infections (5) . Therefore, continuing concerns remain both from IBD patients and the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t clinicians managing them, regarding the potential of IBD related drugs causing more frequent infections by SARS-CoV2, and increased risk of severe complications from COVID-19 (13) . Corticosteroids are thought to have a divergent effect on viral infections including SARS COV viruses; on one hand they inhibit host immune response acting on migration and chemokines production leading to impaired viral clearance and the resultant prolonged Moreover, a prospective, randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial compared early hydrocortisone treatment (before day seven of the illness) with a placebo and found that early hydrocortisone therapy was associated with a higher subsequent plasma viral load (61) . abstract: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges in the routine care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. One of the key challenges needing addressing is the quantification of the risks of immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic. The similarities and differences between the previous coronavirus outbreaks and the pathobiology of the infections can give useful information in understanding the risks, and perhaps potential beneficial aspects of drugs used in IBD. Although clinical, immunological and pharmacological data from the experience with the previous coronavirus outbreaks cannot be automatically translated to predict the safety of IBD therapies during COVID-19 pandemic, the signals so far from these outbreaks on IBD patients who are on immunomodulators and biologics are reassuring to patients and clinicians alike. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120 doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa120 id: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author: Seelig, Frederik title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 words: 1130.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt summary: However, a similar approach should also be adopted for the control of arboviral diseases of global importance, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, as recommended by the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) in their interim guidance on control of Aedes aegypti mosquitos during the COVID-19 pandemic [2] . The combined impact of both COVID-19 and epidemics of dengue or other vector-borne diseases (VBDs) could have potentially devastating consequences [6] . • Continue the implementation of the WHO''s global vector control response 2017-2030 (GVCR) strategy and regional policies for vector control [7, 8] , with respect to inter-and intrasectoral collaboration, engagement and mobilisation of communities, and scaling up of vector control if required, according to the implementation plan of vector control activities, while adapting activities as necessary to prevent further spread of COVID-19, in particular vector surveillance, which may need to be scaled down [9, 10] . It is vital that the COVID-19 response does not increase VBD threats in these communities by derailing global vector control efforts. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32866149/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008606 id: cord-297565-m6wnj83d author: Seese, Laura title: Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons date: 2020-04-28 words: 695.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297565-m6wnj83d.txt summary: In response, there have been systems-based changes within US cardiac surgical programs in efforts to enhance containment measures and to preserve essential resources needed to treat an influx of COVID-19 patients. The World Health Organization identified COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 and within days, many cardiac surgical programs made drastic changes to their clinical practices with reductions in surgical volume due to delayed elective cases, reassignment of providers to intensive care settings outside their usual scope of practice, and the integration of virtual clinics for patient evaluation (1) . In conclusion, this survey of 502 cardiac surgeons demonstrates major changes in practice as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons from the early US cardiac surgery response to COVID-19 that can be extrapolated to future pandemics include the importance of involving cardiac surgeons in policy decisions regarding cardiovascular patients, the need for enhanced communication between hospital leadership and service lines as well as improved access to PPE for all providers. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0003497520306172 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.014 id: cord-309418-dx6e0lri author: Segalés, Joaquim title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain date: 2020-10-06 words: 3135.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309418-dx6e0lri.txt summary: Several models for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been so far developed in animals, including Egyptian fruit bat, ferret, golden Syrian hamster, cat, humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice (hACE2 mice), and some nonhuman primate species (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) . The clinical condition was finally attributed to a feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the animal was also infected by SARS-CoV-2. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in several samples of C1, all of them with Ct values over 30 (low viral load), and presence of antibodies (neutralizing and nonneutralizing) in both C1 and C2, indicated both animals suffered from a productive viral infection, probably linked to the exposure of the cats to COVID-19−affected owners. These experimental results, together with the few reports on SARS-CoV-2 detection in domestic cats and wild felids, indicate that felines are susceptible to infection by the novel coronavirus. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, is considered a zoonotic pathogen mainly transmitted human to human. Few reports indicate that pets may be exposed to the virus. The present report describes a cat suffering from severe respiratory distress and thrombocytopenia living with a family with several members affected by COVID-19. Clinical signs of the cat prompted humanitarian euthanasia and a detailed postmortem investigation to assess whether a COVID-19−like disease was causing the condition. Necropsy results showed the animal suffered from feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe pulmonary edema and thrombosis. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was only detected in nasal swab, nasal turbinates, and mesenteric lymph node, but no evidence of histopathological lesions compatible with a viral infection were detected. The cat seroconverted against SARS-CoV-2, further evidencing a productive infection in this animal. We conclude that the animal had a subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection concomitant to an unrelated cardiomyopathy that led to euthanasia. url: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010817117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2010817117 id: cord-312178-tojgojjf author: Segars, James title: Prior and Novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19, and Human Reproduction: What Is Known? date: 2020-04-16 words: 5355.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312178-tojgojjf.txt summary: Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or MERS, but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the globe. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads rapidly, with 2-3 people infected from every index case, a reproduction number (R 0 ) or transmission rate of 2.24 -3.58 (2) . The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the impact of prior coronaviruses and the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection on reproduction and pregnancy. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: Report of two cases & review of the literature An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes abstract: Structured Abstract Objective To summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy. Design Review of English publications in PubMed and Embase to April 6, 2020. Methods Manuscripts were screened for reports including coronavirus, reproduction, including pathophysiology and pregnancy. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Reproductive outcomes; effects on gametes; pregnancy outcomes; neonatal complications. Results Seventy-nine reports formed the basis of the review. Coronavirus binding to cells involves the S1 domain of the spike protein to receptors present in reproductive tissues, including angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), CD26, Ezrin, and cyclophilins. SARS-CoV-1 may cause severe orchitis leading to germ cell destruction in males. Reports indicate decreased sperm concentration and motility for 72-90 days following COVID-19 infection. Gonadotropin-dependent expression of ACE2 was found in human ovaries, but it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 adversely affects female gametogenesis. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or MERS, but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. COVID-19 infections in pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery. Postpartum neonatal transmission from mother to child has been reported. Conclusion COVID-19 infection may adversely affect some pregnant women and their offspring. Additional studies are needed to assess effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male and female fertility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32482250/ doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.025 id: cord-295794-glcg36si author: Seghers, Victor J. title: After the initial COVID-19 surge: a phased radiology departmental re-opening plan date: 2020-08-22 words: 4747.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295794-glcg36si.txt summary: Social distancing, stay home/work safe orders, protective measures for vulnerable individuals (e.g., immunocompromised patients), masking protocols, visitation policies, testing and many more measures resulted in an accelerated but necessary ramping down of elective hospital services [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . While the radiologist-in-chief also participates in daily meetings with other clinical service chiefs and executive leadership for the hospital, the radiologist-in-chief is an integral member of the systemwide "Phased Recovery and Redesign Team" as well, which includes team captains for infection control, surgery, anesthesia, emergency and urgent care centers, radiology, pathology, ambulatory medicine, specialty care centers, e-health, revenue cycle and billing, and marketing and public relations. This can include patient-directed online scheduling and expanded access to imaging, offering same-day service with hours and locations adapted to the patient and family lifestyle; improved use of virtual dashboards to more easily track various metrics including MR efficiency, sedation utilization, and length of patient stay in the imaging department; and investment in Table 2 Radiology: the opportunity to re-design operations post COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32827259/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04792-0 id: cord-322417-9e95m4kz author: Segovia-Juarez, Jose title: High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate date: 2020-07-15 words: 1256.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322417-9e95m4kz.txt summary: authors: Segovia-Juarez, Jose; Castagnetto, Jesús M.; Gonzales, Gustavo F. title: High altitude reduces infection rate of COVID-19 but not case-fatality rate It is suggested that life at high altitude may reduce COVID infections and case-fatality rates (cases/deaths). A recent paper with data as of April 7th from the Tibet, Bolivia and Ecuador suggests that high-altitude (HA) may provide protection from pathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection (Arias-Reyes et al, 2020). The current study has been designed to determine COVID-19 cases, deaths by COVID-19 and case-fatality rates in Peru in an altitude range from 3 to 4,342 meters above sea level. The sex ratio (male/female) for positive cases of COVID-19 is maintained at any altitude of residence ( Figure 1D ). Another important finding from our study is that the cumulative case-fatality rate (cumulative deaths/cumulative positive cases) by COVID-19 does not appear to change with altitude of residence ( Figure 3 ). abstract: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is suggested that life at high altitude may reduce COVID infections and case-fatality rates (cases/deaths). We study data from Peru COVID-19 pandemics, which first case was recorded on March 6th, 2020. By June 13, 2020 there were 6498 deaths, and 224,132 SARS-CoV-2 positives. Using data from 185 capitals of provinces with altitudes ranging from 3 to 4342 m, we confirm previous reports that infection with COVID-19 at high altitude is reduced. However, case-fatality rate is not dependent of altitude. We have also presented first evidence that female protection towards death by COVID-19 is reduced as altitude of residence increases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S156990482030152X doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103494 id: cord-035327-p2c6q1zj author: Segura de la Cal, Teresa title: Unexpected Favourable Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Patients date: 2020-11-11 words: 2527.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035327-p2c6q1zj.txt summary: 1, 2 The clinical picture of the new coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) varies greatly, ranging from asymptomatic cases to a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) responsible for most COVID-19 fatalities. We considered four main physiopathological pathways potentially involved in this paradoxical behaviour: (1) reduced viral entrance to the pulmonary endothelium, (2) weakened ability to mount a severe inflammatory response, (2) dysregulation of pulmonary vasoactivity and (4) chronic anticoagulation to offset SARS-CoV-2 induced coagulopathy. Respiratory pathophysiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a cohort study Prone positioning improves oxygenation in spontaneously breathing nonintubated patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a retrospective study Is the prone position helpful during spontaneous breathing in patients with cOVID-19? Use of prone positioning in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure Respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19 after using noninvasive ventilation in the prone position outside the intensive care unit abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7657647/ doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.06.012 id: cord-308075-1ftswsm8 author: Segura, Patricia Sanz title: Involvement of the digestive system in COVID-19. A review date: 2020-10-09 words: 4829.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308075-1ftswsm8.txt summary: 4 Recent studies have indicated detection of SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in the faeces of infected patients, with a higher prevalence in those with gastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhoea. Moreover, the cohort studies that have analysed the course of COVID-19 in patients with viral hepatitis (hepatitis B) 41 and those that have assessed the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the disease due to the novel coronavirus, especially in the absence of obesity, have concluded that there is a higher risk of developing a serious form of pneumonia and having more prolonged hospital stays, 42 although the available data in this regard remain insufficient. abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is leading to high mortality and a global health crisis. The primary involvement is respiratory; however, the virus can also affect other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and liver. The most common symptoms are anorexia and diarrhea. In about half of the cases, viral RNA could be detected in the stool, which is another line of transmission and diagnosis. COVID19 has a worse prognosis in patients with comorbidities, although there is not enough evidence in case of previous digestive diseases. Digestive endoscopies may give rise to aerosols, which make them techniques with a high risk of infection. Experts and scientific organizations worldwide have developed guidelines for preventive measures. The available evidence on gastrointestinal and hepatic involvement, the impact on patients with previous digestive diseases and operating guidelines for Endoscopy Units during the pandemic are reviewed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2444382420301565 doi: 10.1016/j.gastre.2020.06.004 id: cord-316579-p6pz14eo author: Seheult, Jansen N. title: Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-12 words: 1127.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316579-p6pz14eo.txt summary: Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Q1 Q3 Jansen N Seheult, Anupamaa Seshadri, Matthew D Neal Pittsburgh, PA The coagulopathy associated with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has emerged as a key driver of morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with severe disease. The markedly elevated D-dimer concentrations described in cases of severe COVID-19 is strongly suggestive of plasmin-mediated hyperfibrinolysis, which appears to be inconsistent with the finding of fibrinolysis shutdown on TEG. 10 In the setting of fibrinolysis shutdown observed in viscoelastic tests in patients with severe COVID-19, the source of the (often markedly) elevated D-dimer levels remains unclear. 13 Future research should profile the changes in activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis, including tPA, PAI-1, and plasmin-antiplasmin complex levels over time, to further characterize the dynamic process of fibrinolysis in COVID-19, and should also study the role of neutrophil and monocyte activation in promoting thrombosis and altering fibrinolysis in patients with severe COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1072751520304373 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.021 id: cord-256226-hzgvioq6 author: Sehgal, Vishal title: Sex, Sleep, Steroids, and Lifestyle: Unraveling the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Conundrum date: 2020-09-25 words: 1773.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256226-hzgvioq6.txt summary: [6] Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation has been known to induce the alteration of the immune system with proinflammatory M1 macrophages being activated and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages being suppressed. [7] Aging of the immune system is accompanied by a proinflammatory state with a marked increase in cytokines, namely IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). [12] In fact, individuals with any proinflammatory state would potentially be at risk for COVID-19 related complications. The proinflammatory state may be related to hypothyroidism, [13] hyperthyroidism, [14] or any common chronic autoimmune pathology like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or gout. [20] A metanalysis of 20 randomized controlled trials reported that mindfulness meditation is associated with reduced inflammation as shown by reduced CRP, improved CD4+ T-cell count, and increased telomerase activity. The anti-inflammatory monoclonal antibodies work by predominantly limiting the proinflammatory state and potentially reducing the cytokine storm, which could be fatal. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc and distressed economies worldwide. Countries have gone on lockdown of their economies to prevent the spread of the disease. This obviously led to collateral damage in the form of worsening healthcare for non-COVID-related conditions and is playing havoc with the world economy. Herein, we suggest novel strategies to prevent COVID-19 related complications, keeping in view the pathophysiology of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062588/ doi: 10.2478/jtim-2020-0021 id: cord-301276-eer1l8vg author: Sehrawat, Sharvan title: Opinion: Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility? date: 2020-07-09 words: 1736.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301276-eer1l8vg.txt summary: In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed. The hygiene hypothesis has satisfactorily explained the increased frequency of some disease syndromes, but could it also explain why some individuals are more susceptible to the severe consequences of COVID-19 infection than are others? abstract: In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32653475/ doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.07.002 id: cord-353373-zhkqnu0w author: Seidu, Samuel title: The impact of obesity on severe disease and mortality in people with SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-08-14 words: 2872.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353373-zhkqnu0w.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Obesity accompanied by excess ectopic fat storage has been postulated as a risk factor for severe disease in people with SARS‐CoV‐2 through the stimulation of inflammation, functional immunologic deficit and a pro‐thrombotic disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated high rates of venous thromboembolism. METHODS: Observational studies in COVID‐19 patients reporting data on raised body mass index at admission and associated clinical outcomes were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 16 May 2020. 2 Recent studies have increasingly described obesity as an associating factor for people at an increased risk of severe disease. 15 In order to attempt to quantify the relationship between raised body weight and severe outcomes from COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether people with overweight or obesity and with SARS-CoV-2 have different outcomes compared to those within normal weight thresholds. abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity accompanied by excess ectopic fat storage has been postulated as a risk factor for severe disease in people with SARS‐CoV‐2 through the stimulation of inflammation, functional immunologic deficit and a pro‐thrombotic disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated high rates of venous thromboembolism. METHODS: Observational studies in COVID‐19 patients reporting data on raised body mass index at admission and associated clinical outcomes were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library up to 16 May 2020. Mean differences and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random effects models. RESULTS: Eight retrospective cohort studies and one cohort prospective cohort study with data on of 4,920 patients with COVID‐19 were eligible. Comparing BMI ≥ 25 vs <25 kg/m(2), the RRs (95% CIs) of severe illness and mortality were 2.35 (1.43‐3.86) and 3.52 (1.32‐9.42), respectively. In a pooled analysis of three studies, the RR (95% CI) of severe illness comparing BMI > 35 vs <25 kg/m(2) was 7.04 (2.72‐18.20). High levels of statistical heterogeneity were partly explained by age; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) was associated with an increased risk of severe illness in older age groups (≥60 years), whereas the association was weaker in younger age groups (<60 years). CONCLUSIONS: Excess adiposity is a risk factor for severe disease and mortality in people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This was particularly pronounced in people 60 and older. The increased risk of worse outcomes from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in people with excess adiposity should be taken into account when considering individual and population risks and when deciding on which groups to target for public health messaging on prevention and detection measures. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020179783. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904932/ doi: 10.1002/edm2.176 id: cord-329900-lq91rb8c author: Seiffert, Moritz title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 words: 3350.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients'' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. n.s. The percentage of patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, who underwent interventional or open-surgical procedures during the hospital stay, were similar between pre-COVID and COVID periods for STEMI (84.7-86.3%), NSTEMI (58.0-60.5%), acute limb ischemia (81.9-82.8%), aortic rupture (51.5-56.7%), stroke (18.4-19.1%), and TIA (2.1-2.2%) (Fig. 2 and Table 1 ). This analysis of a large dataset of routinely collected health insurance claims demonstrated a marked decrease in hospital admission rates for several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims, we observed a marked decrease of in-hospital admission rates for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies including myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, stroke, and transient ischemic attack during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. abstract: AIMS: The first reports of declining hospital admissions for major cardiovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic attracted public attention. However, systematic evidence on this subject is sparse. We aimed to investigate the rate of emergent hospital admissions, subsequent invasive treatments and comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data from the second largest insurance fund in Germany, BARMER. Patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, aortic rupture, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between January 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020, were included. Admission rates per 100,000 insured, invasive treatments and comorbidities were compared from January–May 2019 (pre-COVID) to January–May 2020 (COVID). A total of 115,720 hospitalizations were included in the current analysis (51.3% females, mean age 72.9 years). Monthly admission rates declined from 78.6/100,000 insured (pre-COVID) to 70.6/100,000 (COVID). The lowest admission rate was observed in April 2020 (61.6/100,000). Administration rates for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (7.3–6.6), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (16.8–14.6), acute limb ischemia (5.1–4.6), stroke (35.0–32.5) and TIA (13.7–11.9) decreased from pre-COVID to COVID. Baseline comorbidities and the percentage of these patients treated with interventional or open-surgical procedures remained similar over time across all entities. In-hospital mortality in hospitalizations for stroke increased from pre-COVID to COVID (8.5–9.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients’ comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. Further investigation is warranted to identify underlying reasons and potential implications on patients’ outcomes. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749558/ doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9 id: cord-273897-hkt322bt author: Seijts, Gerard title: The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character date: 2020-05-14 words: 4823.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273897-hkt322bt.txt summary: As Crossan and her colleagues articulated in their research and outreach, truly great leaders demonstrate strength in each of the character dimensions and, coupled with excellent judgment, are able to call upon and deploy the character dimensions to suit any particular situation: (1) transcendence to visualize the needed end state and to remain optimistic while journeying the often long and difficult road to get there; (2) integrity to recognize what needs to be done and to report candidly on the progress to those directly and indirectly impacted by the measures; (3) drive to deliver results despite obstacles, setbacks, and criticism; (4) courage to make tough and often unpopular decisions; (5) humanity to do what needs to be done, all the while caring about and taking steps to assist the many people affected; (6) justice to recognize and issue the support needed by individuals and/or organizations to help mitigate the negative consequences born of a situation outside of their control; (7) humility to learn and actively seek the best practices to lead teams, organizations, communities, cities, and nations through the crisis; (8) temperance to show calm and restraint even under the most dire of situations, especially as emotions, like a virus, tend to be contagious; (9) accountability to the various stakeholders and bearing responsibility for decisions and the subsequent consequences; (10) collaboration with a very large and diverse group of parties to achieve the desired outcome; and, finally, (11) judgment, to bring all these dimensions together into an effective, efficient, and principled process to work through the crisis. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0090261620300176 doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100765 id: cord-281209-gm3aaofn author: Seiler, Pascal title: Weighting bias and inflation in the time of COVID-19: evidence from Swiss transaction data date: 2020-09-16 words: 4462.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281209-gm3aaofn.txt summary: Using public data from debit card transactions, I quantify these changes in consumer spending, update CPI basket weights and construct an alternative price index to measure the effect of the COVID-induced weighting bias on the Swiss consumer price index. The CPI is compiled on the basis of expenditure weights that are kept constant within a given year, reflecting the purpose of the index to measure changes in prices only without accounting for adjustments in consumption patterns. For this purpose, I use high-frequency estimates of spending based on transactional data to update CPI basket weights and compute an alternative price index based on such "COVID weights. In Section 2, I describe how I measure changes in consumer spending, update CPI weights, and construct the alternative COVID price index. abstract: Sharp changes in consumer expenditure may bias inflation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using public data from debit card transactions, I quantify these changes in consumer spending, update CPI basket weights and construct an alternative price index to measure the effect of the COVID-induced weighting bias on the Swiss consumer price index. I find that inflation was higher during the lock-down than suggested by CPI inflation. The annual inflation rate of the COVID price index was −0.4% by April 2020, compared to −1.1% of the equivalent CPI. Persistent “low-touch” consumer behavior can further lead to inflation being underestimated by more than a quarter of a percentage point until the end of 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-020-00057-7 doi: 10.1186/s41937-020-00057-7 id: cord-279056-mmcoqtb5 author: Seirafianpour, Farnoosh title: Cutaneous manifestations and considerations in COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review date: 2020-07-08 words: 4651.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279056-mmcoqtb5.txt summary: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 had a great impact on medical approaches among dermatologist OBJECTIVE: This systematic review focuses on all skin problems related to COVID‐19, including primary and secondary COVID‐related cutaneous presentations and the experts recommendations about dermatological managements especially immunomodulators usage issues METHOD: Search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ScienceDirect. Totally 5 article were about skin drug reactions of COVID-19 treatments; two of them were original studies as case reports that were summarized in Table 7 (in the supplement file). In overall, non-infected non-at risk patients with immune-medicated dermatologic disorders under usage of immunosuppressive immunomodulator drugs like biologic agents are not needed to be alter regimen or discontine the therapies during pandemic, even these drugs may control the deteriorating cytokine storms also prevented disease flare-ups which both were associated with poorer outcomes and more complications in COVID-19 course, although strict adherence to quarantine and personal-social preventive hygiene performances are highly recommended especially in these groups of patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 had a great impact on medical approaches among dermatologist OBJECTIVE: This systematic review focuses on all skin problems related to COVID‐19, including primary and secondary COVID‐related cutaneous presentations and the experts recommendations about dermatological managements especially immunomodulators usage issues METHOD: Search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase and ScienceDirect. Other additional resources were searched included Cochrane, WHO, Medscape and coronavirus dermatology resource of Nottingham university. The search completed on May/03/2020. 377 articles assigned to the inclusion and exclusion groups RESULT: Eighty‐nine articles entered the review. Primary mucocutaneous and appendageal presentations could be the initial or evolving signs of COVID‐19. It could be manifest most commonly as a maculopapular exanthamatous or morbiliform eruption, generalized urticaria or pseudo chilblains recognized as “COVID toes” (pernio‐like acral lesions or vasculopathic rashes). Conclusion: During pandemic, Non‐infected non‐at risk patients with immune‐medicated dermatologic disorders under treatment with immunosuppressive immunomodulators are not needed to alter their regimen or discontinue the therapies. At‐risk and infection‐suspected patients needed to dose reduction, interval increase or temporary drug discontinuation (at least 2 weeks). Patients with an active COVID‐19 infection should hold the biologic or non‐biologic immunosuppressives until the complete recovery occur (at least 4 weeks). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13986 doi: 10.1111/dth.13986 id: cord-302667-ei151qpd author: Sekar, Raghul title: Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective date: 2020-09-01 words: 1566.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302667-ei151qpd.txt summary: title: Challenges Faced by an Otolaryngology Resident During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has brought tremendous strain on health care sectors around the world. Being a respiratory disease, COVID-19 has tremendous implications on the otolaryngology residency. Otolaryngology residents are dealing with great apprehension of getting infected while working with both COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. Outpatient and Inpatient care, elective and emergency surgeries which are a crucial part of the residency training have taken a back seat. This article enumerates the challenges faced by an otolaryngology resident during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in India. COVID-19 being primarily a respiratory disease, has tremendous implications in otolaryngology training and patient care. Surgical procedures in otolaryngology are associated with high risk of virus transmission due to the following reasons a. Otolaryngology residents have a high risk of contracting the disease during the continuing pandemic that has no sight in end. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has brought tremendous strain on health care sectors around the world. Being a respiratory disease, COVID-19 has tremendous implications on the otolaryngology residency. Otolaryngology residents are dealing with great apprehension of getting infected while working with both COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. Further, drastic change in the routine has affected their residency training. Outpatient and Inpatient care, elective and emergency surgeries which are a crucial part of the residency training have taken a back seat. India being a densely populated country is still in the midst of the pandemic with cases increasing exponentially each day. This article enumerates the challenges faced by an otolaryngology resident during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in India. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904852/ doi: 10.1007/s12070-020-02096-1 id: cord-256008-lwki1rzc author: Sekeroglu, Boran title: Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks date: 2020-09-18 words: 6949.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256008-lwki1rzc.txt summary: When the images fed ConvNets directly (Experiments 11-17), we observed that the increment of the convolutional layer number of ConvNets reduces the scores obtained by the neural network up to 4%, similar to COVID-19/Normal results. Similar results were obtained in the experiments, and nB produced the highest mean ROC AUC, mean sensitivity, and mean accuracy scores (88.92, 80.00, and 96.96%, respectively) for statistical measurement experiments of COVID-19/Pneumonia classification. Inception-V3 produced higher results than other pre-trained networks; however, the highest mean ROC AUC score in transfer learning experiments was obtained by DenseNet121 (96.48%). In COVID-19/Normal classification, the highest mean specificity (when the 100.0% scores of pre-trained networks are not considered because of not learning another class) and the highest mean accuracy results were obtained in Exp.14 (99.78 and 99.11%, respectively), which consisted of the deepest architecture in ConvNet experiments ( Table 4 ). abstract: The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using chest X-ray images has life-saving importance for both patients and doctors. In addition, in countries that are unable to purchase laboratory kits for testing, this becomes even more vital. In this study, we aimed to present the use of deep learning for the high-accuracy detection of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. Publicly available X-ray images (1583 healthy, 4292 pneumonia, and 225 confirmed COVID-19) were used in the experiments, which involved the training of deep learning and machine learning classifiers. Thirty-eight experiments were performed using convolutional neural networks, 10 experiments were performed using five machine learning models, and 14 experiments were performed using the state-of-the-art pre-trained networks for transfer learning. Images and statistical data were considered separately in the experiments to evaluate the performances of models, and eightfold cross-validation was used. A mean sensitivity of 93.84%, mean specificity of 99.18%, mean accuracy of 98.50%, and mean receiver operating characteristics–area under the curve scores of 96.51% are achieved. A convolutional neural network without pre-processing and with minimized layers is capable of detecting COVID-19 in a limited number of, and in imbalanced, chest X-ray images. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2472630320958376 doi: 10.1177/2472630320958376 id: cord-343985-0p2j5hzc author: Self-Brown, Shannon title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of an Evidence-Based Child Maltreatment Prevention Program: Understanding the Perspectives of SafeCare® Providers date: 2020-11-05 words: 7472.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343985-0p2j5hzc.txt summary: The goals of these programs, whether delivered in child protection or prevention service settings, is to promote childhood health, safety, and development and improve parenting skills and responsible parenting among mothers and fathers, which correspond with decreases in maltreatment risk (Howard and Brooks-Gunn 2009; Supplee and Adirim 2012) . Thus, this study has two research aims: 1) examine active SafeCare Providers'' opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of SafeCare via virtual delivery, and 2) better understand workforce concerns for human service professionals within the context of COVID-19 mitigation efforts. This study is the first to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of an evidence-based child maltreatment home visiting program that has transitioned to virtual delivery, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the workforce responsible for delivering these programs. Given the risks impacting our world''s most vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to ensure effective and sustainable delivery of evidence-based programs that can reduce maltreatment risk for young children. abstract: Child maltreatment (CM) is a global public health problem. Evidence-based home visiting programs, such as SafeCare®, reduce CM risk, and enhance parent-child relationships and other protective factors. As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting restrictions, SafeCare Providers transitioned from home to virtual delivery for the SafeCare curriculum. The purpose of this study is to 1) examine active SafeCare Providers’ opinions on the feasibility and effectiveness of SafeCare via remote delivery, and 2) better understand workforce concerns for human service professionals within the context of COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of SafeCare Providers (N = 303) in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The majority of Providers reported they were actively delivering SafeCare virtually and were comfortable with the delivery format. Providers indicated that the majority of SafeCare families are making progress on target skills, and that engagement is high among many families. Some service delivery challenges were reported, ranging from family data plan limitations to difficulty with delivery of specific components of the SafeCare curriculum related to modeling and assessment. The impact of COVID-19 on Providers’ daily routines, stress level, and work-life balance has been significant. Remote, virtual delivery of CM prevention programming offers the opportunity to continue serving vulnerable families in the midst of a pandemic. Barriers related to family technology and data access must be addressed to ensure reach and the effective delivery of prevention programming during the pandemic and beyond. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00217-6 doi: 10.1007/s10896-020-00217-6 id: cord-326843-ehw4x5vv author: Sellal, François title: Manifestations neurologiques dans la pandémie de Covid-19 date: 2020-08-14 words: 2528.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326843-ehw4x5vv.txt summary: Résumé La Covid-19 peut comporter des troubles neurologiques qui se partagent en 5 grands groupes : Des encéphalopathies, souvent avec agitation, confusion, troubles psychotiques, dont la physiopathogénie est sans doute multiple (syndrome inflammatoire général lié au sepsis, hypoxie, insuffisance rénale, hypercoagulabilité, agression directe du virus). En faveur de cette hypothèse militent la fréquence de l''anosmie dans le Covid-19, mais aussi le fait que dans des modèles murins exprimant ACE2 l''inoculation intranasale de SARS-CoV-1 permet une invasion virale du SNC via la lame criblée [3] . Dans une étude rétrospective sur 214 patients menée à Wuhan (Chine), il s''agissait des symptômes neurologiques les plus fréquents (16,8% des cas pour l''instabilité ; 13% des cas pour les céphalées), sans être influencés par la sévérité du tableau clinique. Les crises épileptiques, quoique considérées comme fréquentes chez les malades réanimés lors d''une infection à coronavirus [17] , n''ont pas souvent été rapportées dans la Covid-19. abstract: Résumé La Covid-19 peut comporter des troubles neurologiques qui se partagent en 5 grands groupes : Des encéphalopathies, souvent avec agitation, confusion, troubles psychotiques, dont la physiopathogénie est sans doute multiple (syndrome inflammatoire général lié au sepsis, hypoxie, insuffisance rénale, hypercoagulabilité, agression directe du virus). Des syndromes dysimmunitaires du système nerveux central (encéphalo-myélites aiguës disséminées, plus rarement syndrome de Miller Fisher, encéphalite aiguë nécrosante hémorragique…). Des AVC, majoritairement ischémiques, dont la Covid-19 est un facteur de risque indépendant, probablement par des phénomènes d’hypercoagulabilité. Des syndromes de Guillain-Barré. Des atteintes diverses de nerfs crâniens ou des nerfs périphériques. L’anosmie, qui est très fréquente est le plus souvent due à une atteinte de l’épithélium olfactif mais peut être due à une extension de l’agression virale au nerf et au cortex olfactifs. Des études complémentaires restent nécessaires pour mieux comprendre la physiopathogénie et donc la prévention et le traitement de ces complications neurologiques dues à la Covid-19. Summary Five major categories of Covid-19 related neurological disorders emerged : Encephalopathies, often with agitation, delirium and psychosis. Their physiopathology is probably mixed (general sepsis-induced inflammation, hypoxemia, renal failure, hypercoagulability, direct viral aggression). Dysimmune CNS disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, more rarely Miller Fisher syndrome, acute haemorrhagic necrotic encephalitis…). Ischaemic strokes associated with a prothrombotic state: Covid-19 appears to be an independant risk factor of stroke. Guillain-Barré syndrome. Various cranial nerves or peripheral nerves injuries. Anosmia, which is a key symptom, is most often the consequence of the olfactive epithelial insult, but may sometimes be due to the extension of viral aggression to the olfactive nerve and cortex. Prevention, early recognition and management of COVID-19-related neurological disorders are challenging and require a better understanding of their physiopathology. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878776220300807 doi: 10.1016/j.praneu.2020.08.011 id: cord-336177-p7b7yw28 author: Selvi, Valeria title: Convalescent Plasma: A Challenging Tool to Treat COVID-19 Patients—A Lesson from the Past and New Perspectives date: 2020-09-22 words: 5461.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336177-p7b7yw28.txt summary: Regarding the pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1, the results from the prospective cohort study by Hung and colleagues showed that plasma treatment reduced mortality (the patients involved in the study were seriously ill and required intensive care); no adverse events were observed [4, 8, 20] . A meta-analysis by Mair-Jenkins and colleagues, including 32 studies of SARS coronavirus and severe influenza, reported that convalescent plasma reduced mortality and it was safe (no relevant adverse events or complications after treatment were reported). Based on the evidence from past experience in passive immunization, the BRN explained that there was a considerable possibility that the application of whole blood (as well as plasma, serum, or immunoglobulin concentrates) from convalescent persons could be effective in the treatment/prevention of infectious disease. Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection abstract: On March 11(th), 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 infection as a pandemic. Since it is a novel virus, there are basically no proven drugs or therapies; although many laboratories in different countries are working to develop a vaccine, it will take time to make it available. Passive immunization is the therapy born from the intuition of Behring and Kisato in the late 19(th) century. It was widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections until the discovery of antibiotics, as well as during the viral pandemics of the 20(th) century and of the beginning of the 21(st); it still has clinical applications (e.g., tetanus prevention). This paper summarizes the basic principles of passive immunization, with particular reference to convalescent plasma. The literature concerning its use during past epidemics and the results of the first clinical studies concerning its use during the current pandemic are discussed too. A large section is dedicated to the analysis of the possible, although rare, side effects. Recently, in 2017, the WHO Blood Regulators Network (BRN) published a position paper, recommending convalescent plasma as the first-choice treatment to be tested in the absence of authorized drugs; however, this strategy has not been followed. In the current epidemic, the principle of passive immunization through convalescent plasma has been applied in several circumstances and particularly in patients with serious complications. The first reported results are encouraging and confirm the effectiveness of plasma therapy and its safety. Also, the FDA has proposed plasma treatment in order to face the increasingly complex situation and manage patients with serious or immediately life-threatening COVID-19 disease. Several studies and clinical programs are still ongoing. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2606058 doi: 10.1155/2020/2606058 id: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author: Semaan, Aline title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 6755.0 sentences: 403.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt summary: ► In addition to lack of healthcare worker protection, staffing shortages, heightened risk of nosocomial transmission and decreased healthcare use described in previous infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and newborn care during the COVID19 pandemic has also been affected by large-scale lockdowns/curfews. This online survey is part of a larger study seeking to: (1) understand how health professionals and health facilities prepare and respond to COVID-19 in regard to the care provided to women and their babies; and (2) document and analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services available to pregnant, labouring and ► Healthcare providers are worried about the impact of rapidly changing care practices on health outcomes: reduced access to antenatal care, fewer outpatient visits, shorter length of stay in facilities after birth, banning birth companions, separating newborns from COVID-19 positive mothers and postponing routine immunisations. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted maternity care provision worldwide. Studies based on modelling estimated large indirect effects of the pandemic on services and health outcomes. The objective of this study was to prospectively document experiences of frontline maternal and newborn healthcare providers. METHODS: We conducted a global, cross-sectional study of maternal and newborn health professionals via an online survey disseminated through professional networks and social media in 12 languages. Information was collected between 24 March and 10 April 2020 on respondents’ background, preparedness for and response to COVID-19 and their experience during the pandemic. An optional module sought information on adaptations to 17 care processes. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, disaggregating by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). RESULTS: We analysed responses from 714 maternal and newborn health professionals. Only one-third received training on COVID-19 from their health facility and nearly all searched for information themselves. Half of respondents in LMICs received updated guidelines for care provision compared with 82% in HICs. Overall, 47% of participants in LMICs and 69% in HICs felt mostly or completely knowledgeable in how to care for COVID-19 maternity patients. Facility-level responses to COVID-19 (signage, screening, testing and isolation rooms) were more common in HICs than LMICs. Globally, 90% of respondents reported somewhat or substantially higher levels of stress. There was a widespread perception of reduced use of routine maternity care services, and of modification in care processes, some of which were not evidence-based practices. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial knowledge gaps exist in guidance on management of maternity cases with or without COVID-19. Formal information-sharing channels for providers must be established and mental health support provided. Surveys of maternity care providers can help track the situation, capture innovations and support rapid development of effective responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 id: cord-299021-dbu05gyy author: Semedo, Edimir title: Drug-induced ‘Torsade de Pointes’ in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report date: 2020-07-21 words: 1897.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299021-dbu05gyy.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Early studies have led to the repositioning of a subgroup of antimalarial agents (e.g. chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) as antiviral treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. 3 We present a case of severe QT interval prolongation leading to ''Torsade de Pointes'' (TdP) in a COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU). Because of QTc prolongation (QTc interval 482 ms), treatment with chloroquine was discontinued on the fifth day of admission. This case is a unique presentation of a critically ill COVID-19 patient who developed TdP despite cessation of chloroquine treatment but after the start of erythromycin. 10 Recently 11 This case illustrates that even for shorter periods of time, chloroquine can become a potent risk factor for QTc interval prolongation in the critically ill COVID-19 patient, especially when other potentially QT-prolonging drugs are introduced. Despite early reports, more recent studies have shown that there is increased mortality and adverse effects in the critically ill COVID-19 patient treated with chloroquine. abstract: BACKGROUND: Early studies have led to the repositioning of a subgroup of antimalarial agents (e.g. chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) as antiviral treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. These drugs are now being prescribed based on small non-controlled studies, but larger controlled studies have yet to demonstrate the positive effect of these drugs. In addition, these drugs are also known for their QT interval-prolonging effect associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case of a 66-year-old female admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure due to COVID-19. She was treated with chloroquine (QTc interval at baseline was 429 ms). Despite cessation of chloroquine, but after the start of erythromycin, she developed severe QTc interval prolongation (QTc interval 550 ms) and ‘Torsade de Pointes’. Two weeks after cessation of all QTc interval-prolonging drugs, the QTc interval was restored. DISCUSSION: The elimination half-life of chloroquine ranges from days up to weeks. Even after discontinuation of chloroquine, ECG monitoring in COVID-19 patients is warranted. We recommend observation of the QT interval after cessation of chloroquine in cases where other potentially QT interval-prolonging drugs are introduced. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa218 doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa218 id: cord-280922-w6a5ec06 author: Sen, Sanjana title: Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score date: 2020-10-29 words: 4134.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280922-w6a5ec06.txt summary: Here, ELISA and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide-range of disease states. Here, ELISA and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide-range of disease states. Furthermore, a recent review on antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 stated, "At present, there are no known clinical findings, immunological assays or biomarkers that can differentiate any severe infection from immune-enhanced disease, whether by measuring antibodies, T cells or intrinsic host responses (7) ." This conclusion inspired our study. The results demonstrate that Abs to a specific epitope from N protein plus disease risk factors strongly correlate with COVID-19 disease severity. The DRFS of patients with αEp9 Abs strongly correlates with COVID-19 disease severity (Pearson''s r = 0.72, p-value <0.0001, and R 2 = 0.52) (Fig. 4A) . abstract: Effective methods for predicting COVID-19 disease trajectories are urgently needed. Here, ELISA and coronavirus antigen microarray (COVAM) analysis mapped antibody epitopes in the plasma of COVID-19 patients (n = 86) experiencing a wide-range of disease states. The experiments identified antibodies to a 21-residue epitope from nucleocapsid (termed Ep9) associated with severe disease, including admission to the ICU, requirement for ventilators, or death. Importantly, anti-Ep9 antibodies can be detected within six days post-symptom onset and sometimes within one day. Furthermore, anti-Ep9 antibodies correlate with various comorbidities and hallmarks of immune hyperactivity. We introduce a simple-to-calculate, disease risk factor score to quantitate each patient’s comorbidities and age. For patients with anti-Ep9 antibodies, scores above 3.0 predict more severe disease outcomes with a 13.42 Likelihood Ratio (96.72% specificity). The results lay the groundwork for a new type of COVID-19 prognostic to allow early identification and triage of high-risk patients. Such information could guide more effective therapeutic intervention. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.15.341743 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.15.341743 id: cord-334416-4tslee57 author: Sen-Crowe, Brendon title: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives date: 2020-04-02 words: 1039.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334416-4tslee57.txt summary: title: Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying home save lives With the incidence of COVID-19 increasing, it may only be time before the healthcare system becomes overwhelmed and forces physicians to triage treatment among critically ill patients. Social distancing is the practice of increasing the space between people in order to decrease the chance of spreading illness. Nationwide measures taken to minimize contact with potentially infected individuals include cancelling travel from China and Europe [10] . Social distancing has the potential to slow the rate of infection and reduce the peak of incidence, and then fewer critically ill patients would need care on any one day. Delaying the peak incidence to the summer holds potential for healthcare facilities to dedicate more resources to those ill with COVID-19. Social distancing is a realistic solution that all individuals can take part in to reduce the risk of infection while increasing available resources to critically ill patients, during this pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.063 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.03.063 id: cord-350473-f47i7y5h author: Sen-Crowe, Brendon title: COVID-19 laboratory testing issues and capacities as we transition to surveillance testing and contact tracing date: 2020-05-27 words: 1099.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350473-f47i7y5h.txt summary: The sensitivity of PCR tests have been estimated at 71%, resulting in ~30% of infected patients having a negative finding. The second type of test is serologic, which detects immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) specific for SARS-CoV-2 and provides an estimation of population virus exposure 4 . Many FDA-approved serologic tests have high sensitivity and specificity. To address the development of a reliable test, the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) provided funding for the development of Simplexa COVID-19 Direct Assay and to QIAGEN to accelerate development of their RPS2 test 15 . Additionally, HHS is purchasing the ID NOW COVID-19 rapid point-of-care test (Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough Inc.) for public health labs (Table 1) 16 . Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.071 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.071 id: cord-131975-9z3skg4n author: Senapati, Abhishek title: Impact of intervention on the spread of COVID-19 in India: A model based study date: 2020-04-10 words: 4611.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-131975-9z3skg4n.txt summary: We consider the initial phase of the outbreak situation in India and our proposed model is fitted to the daily cumulative new reported cases during the period $2^{nd}$ March, 2020 to $24^{th}$ March, 2020. Our study suggests that higher intervention effort is required to control the disease outbreak within a shorter period of time in India. We consider the situation of India during the initial outbreak period and fitted our model to the daily cumulative new cases reported between 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. Since we do not incorporate any intervention in our model (2.1), we fit our model to the daily cumulative new reported COVID-19 cases of India during the period 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. We considered the initial phase of outbreak of the disease COVID-19 in India and fitted our proposed model to the cumulative new reported cases during the period 2 nd March, 2020 to 24 th March, 2020. abstract: The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already created emergency situations in almost every country of the world. The disease spreads all over the world within a very short period of time after its first identification in Wuhan, China in December, 2019. In India, the outbreaks starts on $2^{nd}$ March, 2020 and after that the cases are increasing exponentially. Very high population density, the unavailability of specific medicines or vaccines, insufficient evidences regarding the transmission mechanism of the disease also make it difficult to fight against the disease properly in India. Mathematical models have been used to predict the disease dynamics and also to assess the efficiency of the intervention strategies in reducing the disease burden. In this work, we propose a mathematical model to describe the disease transmission mechanism between the individuals. We consider the initial phase of the outbreak situation in India and our proposed model is fitted to the daily cumulative new reported cases during the period $2^{nd}$ March, 2020 to $24^{th}$ March, 2020. We estimate the basic reproduction number $(R_0)$, effective reproduction number (R(t)) and epidemic doubling time from the incidence data for the above-mentioned period. We further assess the effect of preventive measures such as spread of awareness, lock-down, proper hand sanitization, etc. in reducing the new cases. Two intervention scenarios are considered depending on the variability of the intervention strength over the period of implementation. Our study suggests that higher intervention effort is required to control the disease outbreak within a shorter period of time in India. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the strength of the intervention should be strengthened over the time to eradicate the disease effectively. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.04950v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-035113-bhnv2qbi author: Senapati, Apurbalal title: A novel framework for COVID-19 case prediction through piecewise regression in India date: 2020-11-10 words: 2908.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035113-bhnv2qbi.txt summary: The linear regression model has been fitted into the dataset to deal with the total number of positive cases, and the number of recoveries for different states in India such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala, Delhi and Assam. Different types of COVID-19 related issues has been addressed in this study, with the help of the piecewise regression Model, such as total number of positive cases, and the number of recoveries for different states in India such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala, Delhi and Assam. In this section, we have discussed in details of our proposed scheme based linear regression model for prediction of the number of total confirmed cases, active positive cases, and recoveries. In this study, we have proposed the piecewise linear regression based machine learning approach for the prediction of actual positive cases and recovery cases of five different states in India. abstract: Outbreak of COVID-19, created a disastrous situation in more than 200 countries around the world. Thus the prediction of the future trend of the disease in different countries can be useful for managing the outbreak. Several data driven works have been done for the prediction of COVID-19 cases and these data uses features of past data for future prediction. In this study the machine learning (ML)-guided linear regression model has been used to address the different types of COVID-19 related issues. The linear regression model has been fitted into the dataset to deal with the total number of positive cases, and the number of recoveries for different states in India such as Maharashtra, West Bengal, Kerala, Delhi and Assam. From the current analysis of COVID-19 data it has been observed that trend of per day number of infection follows linearly and then increases exponentially. This property has been incorporated into our prediction and the piecewise linear regression is the best suited model to adopt this property. The experimental results shows the superiority of the proposed scheme and to the best of our knowledge this is a new approach towards the prediction of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652706/ doi: 10.1007/s41870-020-00552-3 id: cord-266569-cf3mfp3e author: Senefeld, J. title: Therapeutic use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency: A systematic review date: 2020-11-10 words: 2304.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266569-cf3mfp3e.txt summary: This review highlights 40 reports including 104 COVID-19 patients with primary immunosuppression due to Agammaglobulinemia (X-linked or autosomal) or Common Variable Immunodeficiency, and secondary immunodeficiencies related to hematological malignancies and solid organ transplants who were transfused with convalescent plasma. Among nine peer-reviewed articles and two media reports we identified a total of 29 COVID-19 patients transfused with convalescent plasma whom were receiving immunosuppressive therapies for previous solid organ transplants. 37-47 In a cohort of 13 transplant recipients transfused with convalescent plasma concomitant to hydroxychloroquine, steroids and anticoagulants therapies for COVID-19, eight patients demonstrated improved oxygen requirements and were promptly discharged 37 . These data provide evidence and encouraging anecdotal statements (panel) supporting the efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency, and are consistent with the historical evidence demonstrating that passive antibody therapies for infectious diseases are especially effective when given early in the course of disease prior to an endogenous antibody response. abstract: In the absence of effective countermeasures, human convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 including among patients with innate or acquired immunodeficiency. However, the association between COVID-19-associated mortality in patients with immunodeficiency and therapeutic use of convalescent plasma is unknown. We review clinical features and treatment protocols of COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency after treatment with human convalescent plasma. We also discuss the time course and clinical features of recovery. These insights provide evidence for the need to develop a clear treatment protocol for COVID-19 patients with immunodeficiency and support the efficacy of convalescent plasma in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.08.20224790 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20224790 id: cord-340138-u8hxyfml author: Seneviratne, Chaminda Jayampath title: The Role of Dentists in COVID-19 Is Beyond Dentistry: Voluntary Medical Engagements and Future Preparedness date: 2020-10-06 words: 3861.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340138-u8hxyfml.txt summary: Keywords: COVID-19, dentistry, voluntary work, preparedness, infection control BACKGROUND The emergence of the highly infectious novel coronavirus has led to a global pandemic in a span of just 3 months. Thus, the robust training of clinical medicine in dentistry strengthens the candidature of dentists to volunteer services for COVID-19 control and spread. Many dentists have therefore discontinued the provision of elective dental treatment, in accordance with guidelines released by national-level government healthcare authorities such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US and National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. In this context, dental clinics that are well equipped with facilities to control aerosol spread of infections, such as negative pressure rooms and high-volume excavators, can offer help to augment the capacity for COVID-19 screening. Precautions when providing dental care during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: The emergence of the highly infectious novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global COVID-19 pandemic. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, worldwide healthcare systems have been severely challenged. The rapid and explosive surge of positive cases has significantly increased the demand for medical care. Herein we provide a perspective on the role dentists can play in voluntary medical assistance and future preparedness for a similar pandemic. Though dentists and physicians have different scopes of practice, their trainings share many similarities. Hence, dental professionals, with their knowledge of basic human science and sterile surgical techniques, are an invaluable resource in the COVID-19 pandemic response. Overall, it is commendable that many dentists have risen to the challenge in the fight against COVID-19. For example, in Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) deployed dental clinicians as well as volunteers from research laboratories to screen for suspected cases, provide consultations as well as conduct swabbing operations. Dental practice will be considerably changed in the post-COVID-19 era. There is a greater need to have refresher courses for practicing dentists on new infection control strategies. Moreover, the curriculum in dental schools should be expanded to include competencies in pandemic and disaster relief. In addition, voluntary medical work should be made a part of the community dentistry curriculum. This volunteerism will leave a positive impact on developing the careers of young dentists. Hence, the contribution of dentists beyond dental practice in this pandemic situation will be appreciated by future generations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117825/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00566 id: cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author: Seng, J. J. B. title: Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date: 2020-05-11 words: 5400.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt summary: Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Keywords employed in the search strategy included terms related to health literacy as well as the viruses and syndromes implicated in the three coronavirus pandemics which were namely COVID-19, MERS and SARS. Studies which evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS or MERS among adult participants aged ≥ 18 years old from the general population, healthcare sectors and infected patients were included. Questions from instruments used across included studies were classified into three main themes, which were 1) knowledge, 2) attitudes and 3) practices, to help guide future development of standardised COVID-19 and pandemic health literacy tools. abstract: Background: Health literacy plays an essential role in ones ability to acquire and understand critical medical information in the COVID-19 infodemic and other pandemics. Purpose: To summarize the assessment, levels and determinants of pandemic related health literacy and its associated clinical outcomes. Data sources: Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and Social Science Research Network. The start date was unrestricted and current as of 22 April 2020. Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Items used in instruments were grouped under the themes of knowledge, attitudes and practices. Determinants of health literacy were grouped into five domains (socio-demographic, medical, psychological/psychiatric, health systems related and others). Data synthesis: Of 2,065 articles screened, 70 articles were included. 21, 17 and 32 studies evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS and MERS, respectively. The rates of low pandemic health literacy ranged from 4.3 to 57.9% among medical-related populations and 4.0% to 82.5% among non-medical populations. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission of infection; worry about infection and, practices related to mask usage and hand hygiene was most frequently evaluated. Socio-demographic determinants of health literacy were most studied, where higher education level, older age and female gender were associated with better health literacy. No studies evaluated outcomes associated with health literacy. Limitations Non-English articles were excluded. Conclusion: The level of pandemic related health literacy is sub-optimal. Healthcare administrators need to be aware of health literacy determinants when formulating policies in pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20094227 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20094227 id: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author: Senger, Mario Roberto title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 words: 16108.0 sentences: 1024.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt summary: Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. In the following topic, we will review SARS-CoV-2 structure and mechanism of infection in order to discuss molecular targets from the virus or its human host that are being considered for drug repurposing and perhaps future development of new drugs. (128) Its role as a functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in host cells makes this protein a potential drug target to treat COVID-19. (138) TMPRSS2 has a major role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, and thus represents an interesting therapeutic target since its inhibitors could potentially block virus infection in its initial stages. (199) A robust preclinical drug discovery pipeline comprising in vitro, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important to identify new antivirals for human COVID-19 treatment. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious infection that may break the healthcare system of several countries. Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. Finally, we also discuss patent protection issues, cost effectiveness and scalability of synthetic routes for some of the most studied repurposing candidates since these are key aspects to meet global demand for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33027420/ doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200254 id: cord-330656-y6m47tq4 author: Seo, Eunhye title: Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-02 words: 839.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330656-y6m47tq4.txt summary: title: Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea We believe it is time that the current health examination system for workers in the ROK considered the risk of transmissible diseases. Due to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, regular health examinations for workers in the ROK have been pending for several months. The most important reason for this uncertainty is that the current system does not consider the effects of transmissible disease outbreaks on the regular health examination system of Korean workers. In fact, the legal grounds for onsite COVID-19 testing is weak, although the Korean Medical Service Act allows physicians to practice outside hospitals when it is officially sanctioned by authorities in public interest, which could be the case with the current regular health examination system for workers. abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing tremendous damage globally. The Republic of Korea (ROK), a highly export-dependent nation, is a leader in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and coping well with the disaster. Like the drive-through COVID-19 testing, which reflects the brilliant flexibility of the Korean medical system, onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19, which our hospital has been performing over the past few months, is a unique and valuable countermeasure. We believe it is time that the current health examination system for workers in the ROK considered the risk of transmissible diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e22 doi: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e22 id: cord-269440-6x19xuy3 author: Seo, Min Young title: Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility date: 2020-10-20 words: 2669.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269440-6x19xuy3.txt summary: This study evaluated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated assessment methods. 5, 6 Subsequent studies have reported that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be characteristic symptoms of COVID-19 infection, but there are limitations in assessments by validated methods. Therefore, this study was designed to assess olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated olfactory and gustatory evaluation methods and endoscopic examination. This prospective surveillance study included mild COVID-19 patients who were isolated at Gyeonggi International Living and Treatment Support Center (LTSC) after confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using respiratory samples; all patients were interviewed daily regarding changes in olfactory and gustatory symptoms and their medical records were reviewed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess both olfactory and gustatory function with validated methods, with simultaneous nasal and oral endoscopic examination in mild COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction has been reported as characteristic symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study evaluated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated assessment methods. METHODS: A prospective surveillance study was conducted for mild COVID-19 patients who were isolated at the Gyeonggi International Living and Treatment Support Center (LTSC), Korea. Olfactory function was assessed using the Korean version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) and Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT). Gustatory function was assessed using an 11-point Likert scale and 6-n-propylthiouracil, phenylthiocarbamide, and control strips. All patients underwent nasal and oral cavity endoscopic examination. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients at the LTSC, 15 patients (24.2%) complained of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction on admission. Four of 10 patients who underwent functional evaluation did not have general symptoms and 2 were asymptomatic. The mean short version of QOD-negative statements and QOD-visual analogue scale scores were 13 ± 6 and 4.7 ± 3.6, respectively. The mean CC-SIT score was 8 ± 2. No patients showed anatomical abnormalities associated with olfactory dysfunction on endoscopic examination. The mean Likert scale score for function was 8 ± 2, and there were no abnormal lesions in the oral cavity of any patient. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was 24.2% in mild COVID-19 patients. All patients had hyposmia due to sensorineural olfactory dysfunction, which was confirmed using validated olfactory and gustatory evaluation methods and endoscopic examination. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be characteristic indicators of mild COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33107232/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e375 id: cord-336204-zz99v3ht author: Seo, Wan Seok title: Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening system: a rapid and safe screening system date: 2020-09-18 words: 2988.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336204-zz99v3ht.txt summary: The Yeungnam University Hospital (YU) set up a conventional screening system (CSS) on February 17, 2020, under the guidance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). In addition, under the CSS procedures, there was a possibility of medical staff being infected by confirmed COVID-19 patients. Third, the amount of time required to clean and ventilate test rooms after sampling was considerable: with the CSS procedure, at least 30 minutes was required to achieve > 99% airborne-contaminant removal efficacy, which is incompatible with the large-scale screening required by COVID-19 [9] . As a result, the possibility of transmission from one subject to another was completely eliminated, and we prevented or dramatically reduced the infection of medical staff by tested individuals. Although the YU-Thru system has enabled faster and safer screening tests compared with the CSS, and none of the staff were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive, additional complementation is necessary to further reduce the chances of infection. abstract: Active and prompt scale-up screening tests are essential to efficiently control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The goal of this work was to identify shortcomings in the conventional screening system (CSS) implemented in the beginning of the outbreak. To overcome these shortcomings, we then introduced a novel, independently developed system called the Yeungnam University type drive-through (YU-Thru), and distributed it nationwide in Korea. This system is similar to the drive-throughs utilized by fast food restaurants. YU-Thru system has shortened the time taken to test a single person to 2–4 minutes, by completely eliminating the time required to clean and ventilate the specimen collection room. This time requirement was a major drawback of the CSS. YU-Thru system also reduced the risk of subjects and medical staff infecting one another by using a separate and closed examination system. On average, 50 to 60 tests were conducted per day when using the CSS, while now up to 350 tests per day are conducted with the YU-Thru system. We believe that the YU-Thru system has made an important contribution to the rapid detection of COVID-19 in Daegu, South Korea. Here, we will describe the YU-Thru system in detail so that other countries experiencing COVID-19 outbreaks can take advantage of this system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942349/ doi: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00640 id: cord-316692-r04cqr8e author: Seo, Yoshihiro title: Review of the efforts of the Japanese Society of Echocardiography for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the initial outbreak in Japan date: 2020-09-05 words: 2713.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316692-r04cqr8e.txt summary: We summarized the six parts as follows: (1) the initial actions for COVID-19 of JSE, (2) JSE''s actions for infection control-associated echocardiographic examinations, (3) statements from the American Society of Echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic and their Japanese translation by JSE, (4) making videos for explaining the practice of echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic, (5) attempts with the JSE members'' opinions by the communication platform and surveys, and (6) efforts of final statement during the initial spread of COVID-19. Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. abstract: Under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography (JSE) has been working to protect medical staff involved in echocardiographic examinations and to prevent secondary infections caused by the examinations since mid-March 2020. This review aims to describe the footprint of the JSE's responses, focusing on the 3 months in which the initial outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic occurred in Japan. We summarized the six parts as follows: (1) the initial actions for COVID-19 of JSE, (2) JSE’s actions for infection control-associated echocardiographic examinations, (3) statements from the American Society of Echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic and their Japanese translation by JSE, (4) making videos for explaining the practice of echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic, (5) attempts with the JSE members’ opinions by the communication platform and surveys, and (6) efforts of final statement during the initial spread of COVID-19. We look forward that this review will help daily practices associated with echocardiography under the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future event of an unknown infectious disease pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12574-020-00487-5 doi: 10.1007/s12574-020-00487-5 id: cord-330626-0aidit63 author: Sepulveda, Jorge title: Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization during COVID-19 Surge in New York City date: 2020-07-23 words: 2695.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330626-0aidit63.txt summary: A surge of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to New York City hospitals in March 2020 led to a sharp increase in blood culture utilization, which overwhelmed the capacity of automated blood culture instruments. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 88,201 blood cultures from 28,011 patients at a multicenter network of hospitals within New York City to evaluate order volume, positivity rate, time to positivity, and etiologies of positive cultures in COVID-19. Clear communication with ordering providers is necessary to prevent overutilization of blood cultures during patient surges, and laboratories should consider shortening the incubation period from 5 days to 4 days, if necessary, to free additional capacity. Frequent ordering of blood cultures for patients with COVID-19 may overwhelm a laboratory''s capacity to perform and process these tests, which may negatively impact the overall benefit of testing for the entire medical center. abstract: A surge of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to New York City hospitals in March 2020 led to a sharp increase in blood culture utilization, which overwhelmed the capacity of automated blood culture instruments. We sought to evaluate the utilization and diagnostic yield of blood cultures during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine prevalence and common etiologies of bacteremia and to inform a diagnostic approach to relieve blood culture overutilization. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 88,201 blood cultures from 28,011 patients at a multicenter network of hospitals within New York City to evaluate order volume, positivity rate, time to positivity, and etiologies of positive cultures in COVID-19. Ordering volume increased by 34.8% in the second half of March 2020 compared to the level in the first half of the month. The rate of bacteremia was significantly lower among COVID-19 patients (3.8%) than among COVID-19-negative patients (8.0%) and those not tested (7.1%) (P < 0.001). COVID-19 patients had a high proportion of organisms reflective of commensal skin microbiota, which, when excluded, reduced the bacteremia rate to 1.6%. More than 98% of all positive cultures were detected within 4 days of incubation. Bloodstream infections are very rare for COVID-19 patients, which supports the judicious use of blood cultures in the absence of compelling evidence for bacterial coinfection. Clear communication with ordering providers is necessary to prevent overutilization of blood cultures during patient surges, and laboratories should consider shortening the incubation period from 5 days to 4 days, if necessary, to free additional capacity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404482/ doi: 10.1128/jcm.00875-20 id: cord-034438-9kdmljoq author: Sepúlveda-Loyola, W. title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations date: 2020-09-25 words: 4719.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034438-9kdmljoq.txt summary: title: Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''aging'', ''older people'', ''elderly'', ''social isolation'' and ''quarantine'') in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. Thus, the decreasing of social interaction produced by social distancing could have a negative impact on mental and physical health in older people (22) (23) (24) , since it has limited the social participation in community organizations and in family activities (23, 25) . Hence, the aim of this review is to analyse the potential effects of social isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health in older adults. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the impact of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on mental and physical health of older people and the recommendations for patients, caregivers and health professionals. DESIGN: Narrative review. SETTING: Non-institutionalized community-living people. PARTICIPANTS: 20.069 individuals from ten descriptive cross-sectional papers. MEASUREMENTS: Articles since 2019 to 2020 published on Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the following MeSh terms (‘COVID-19’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘aging’, ‘older people’, ‘elderly’, ‘social isolation’ and ‘quarantine’) in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. The studies not including people over 60 were excluded. Guidelines, recommendations, and update documents from different international organizations related to mental and physical activity were also analysed. RESULTS: 41 documents have been included in this narrative review, involving a total of 20.069 individuals (58% women), from Asia, Europe and America. 31 articles included recommendations and 10 addressed the impact of social distancing on mental or physical health. The main outcomes reported were anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and physical inactivity during the isolation period. Cognitive strategies and increasing physical activity levels using apps, online videos, telehealth, are the main international recommendations. CONCLUSION: Mental and physical health in older people are negatively affected during the social distancing for COVID-19. Therefore, a multicomponent program with exercise and psychological strategies are highly recommended for this population during the confinement. Future investigations are necessary in this field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7597423/ doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7 id: cord-283260-9uo0hsst author: Sepúlveda-Vildósola, Ana Carolina title: Scientific Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 words: 1868.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283260-9uo0hsst.txt summary: México, México; E-mail: ana.sepulvedav@imss.gob.mx COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. The flaws of peer review, slow traditional publication times, and the urgent need to share information have led to the rise of Pre prints, (manuscripts submitted to publicly accessible repositories, which may or may not be later submitted to a formal Scientific Journal). COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. abstract: • COVID-19 pandemics has shocked our world in a few months, not only by attacking individual health, but also public health and economic systems, the way people relate to each other, but has also changed scientific and editorial practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507366/ doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.019 id: cord-343684-z63qn66b author: Serge, Rozenberg title: Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently? date: 2020-05-15 words: 4466.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343684-z63qn66b.txt summary: We review only some of the currently available data, notably the sex-difference in susceptibility to the Covid-19 infection and the concomitant risk of death. The proportion of males tested positive to J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Covid-19 was higher as compared to females in Asia (with the exception of South Korea), in South America, in the New York area (9-11, 26, 27) , but not in Canada and in some European countries (Estonia and in Belgium) (9-11, 14, 16, 18) where more women tested positive than men ( Table 1 ). But almost all of the data that broke numbers down by gender, reported a higher proportion of deaths among men than among women (ranging between 59% and 69%). Similarly, in all countries reporting death rates from Covid19 infections, by sex, more men died than women (60%-70% of men) ( These data need also to be interpreted cautiously. abstract: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. RESULTS: Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. LIMITATIONS: The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. CONCLUSIONS: Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS: Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.009 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.009 id: cord-346370-jdfsacds author: Sergi, Consolato M. title: The Facemask in Public and Healthcare Workers– A Need not a Belief date: 2020-05-13 words: 1186.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346370-jdfsacds.txt summary: Strict isolation and social distancing measures can flatten the coronavirus infectious curve, and the use of facemask needs to be encouraged and facilitated in crowded places, particularly in hospitals where the 6-feet social distancing cannot be adopted because of physical barriers. I If most people wear a mask in public at any time the transmission rate can easily decrease beneath 1.0, thus stopping the spread of the disease and limit the long-standing Lockdown measures 13 . It is important to emphasize that while a protective mask may reduce the likelihood of infection, it will not eliminate the risk, particularly when a disease has more than one route of transmission, as identified in SARS-Cov-2. While strict isolation and social distancing measures can flatten the infectious curve, the use of facemask needs to be encouraged and facilitated where the 6-feet social distancing cannot be implemented because of physical barriers. abstract: Abstract Since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, a lot of data has invaded our lives, and the conflicting findings have caused us to be frantic about the correct course action. Strict isolation and social distancing measures can flatten the coronavirus infectious curve, and the use of facemask needs to be encouraged and facilitated in crowded places, particularly in hospitals where the 6-feet social distancing cannot be adopted because of physical barriers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405099/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.009 id: cord-301921-i1o18nmw author: Sernicola, Alvise title: How to Deal With Post-viral Cutaneous Eruptions in the Era of Coronavirus Infection date: 2020-05-12 words: 1144.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301921-i1o18nmw.txt summary: In our routine clinical practice during the COVID-19 outbreak, we are observing a growing number of post viral cutaneous eruptions in apparently healthy individuals in the second or third decade of life that we feel is remarkable compared to the usual local epidemiology of this season. A dermatopathologist from our country has shared the report of skin biopsies performed on two patients with COVID-19 disease, matching the histology of Giannotti-Crosti syndrome, that is a non-specific manifestation of a viral infection (11) . These observations hint at the possible role of specific genetic factors that, while a predisposition to the development of skin eruptions, may protect from severely symptomatic presentations of coronavirus infection. In our current cases of atypical skin eruptions, in which a relationship with conventional viral agents has been ruled out by laboratory testing and clinical history, molecular testing with PCR could be performed on pharynx swabs to support the hypothesis of a possible association with the novel coronavirus. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574325/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00224 id: cord-311201-y0lk9zet author: Serrano, Francisco title: The future of airport post COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 7087.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311201-y0lk9zet.txt summary: Furthermore, this document highlights the future of airport and air transport industry based on revenue generation sources, cost control strategies and integration of innovations with respect to variable demand and capacity during and post COVID-19. From Figure 2 , it is apparent that the worst-case scenario is when the annual passenger numbers are lower and the peak volume is higher which results in a challenging situation for the airports, where the focus must be on optimization of processes to avoid building more infrastructure. Currently, most of the airports are implementing their business continuity plans that outline how service and essential operations are maintained during this COVID-19 crisis. COVID-19 is a unique opportunity for airports to adapt their current operation with a focus on improved processes and planning and could ease the change of management effort. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has hit most sectors of the world and has led to many industries coming to a standstill. It has led to restrictions of movement and travel ban. As a result of these restrictions, transport sector especially in aviation has impacted badly. With the uncertainty of further impact of the current situation, there is a likelihood of the aviation business rebounding at a slower pace bringing V-shape and U-shape recovery as per analysis of economic impacts on civil aviation by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO (2020). Currently, airline capacity is down 70 to 80 percent in April 2020 compared to April 2019, and multiple large airlines have temporarily ceased operations. Largely, almost 60 percent of the global fleet was grounded in early April 2020 as per McKinsey report (Curley et al., 2020). In order to support the sinking capacities and revenues, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) calls on the European governments to provide relief to their airlines to sustain their operations. Furthermore, this document highlights the future of airport and air transport industry based on revenue generation sources, cost control strategies and integration of innovations with respect to variable demand and capacity during and post COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834696/ doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101900 id: cord-261558-szll3znw author: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J. title: Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-11-06 words: 4815.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt summary: However, their effectiveness in this specific context and population is largely unknown: As observed by a recent review 19 , only 27% of the studies about mental health apps to assist HCW during COVID-19 included empirical evaluation of the reported interventions. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 doi: medRxiv preprint these exceptional circumstances, we received funding to develop and evaluate a CBT and mindfulness-based intervention using an mHealth, to protect mental health of Spanish HCWs attending the COVID-19 emergency. Each section contains multiple modules, covering the following areas: i) monitoring mental health status; ii) educational materials about psychological symptoms (e.g. anxiety, worry, irritability, mood, stress, moral distress, etc.); iii) practical tips to manage pandemic-related stressors (e.g., is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Aim: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational, mobile health intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based approaches on the mental health of healthcare workers at the frontline against COVID-19 in Spain. Design: We will carry out a two-week, individually randomised, parallel group, controlled trial. Participants will be individually randomised to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention or control App intervention. Methods: The PsyCovidApp intervention will include five modules: emotional skills, lifestyle behaviour, work stress and burnout, social support, and practical tools. Healthcare workers having attended COVID-19 patients will be randomized to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention (intervention group) or a control App intervention (control group). A total of 440 healthcare workers will be necessary to assure statistical power. Measures will be collected telephonically by a team of psychologists at baseline and immediately after the two weeks intervention period. Measures will include stress, depression and anxiety (DASS-21 questionnaire - primary endpoint), insomnia (ISI), burnout (MBI-HSS), post-traumatic stress disorder (DTS), and self-efficacy (GSE). The study was funded in May 2020, and was ethically approved in June 2020. Trial participants, outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. Discussion: Despite the increasing use of mobile health interventions to deliver mental health care, this area of research is still on its infancy. This study will help increase the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this type of intervention on this specific population and context. Impact: Despite the lack of solid evidence about their effectiveness, mobile-based health interventions are already being widely implemented because of their low cost and high scalability. The findings from this study will help health services and organizations to make informed decisions in relation to the development and implementation of this type of interventions, allowing them pondering not only their attractive implementability features, but also empirical data about its benefits. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.20225102v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 id: cord-035275-lfyxbg92 author: Servotte, Jean-Christophe title: Development and implementation of an end-of-shift clinical debriefing method for emergency departments during COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 words: 4988.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035275-lfyxbg92.txt summary: A novel ED-based clinical debriefing tool was implemented and titled Debriefing In Situ COVID-19 to Encourage Reflection and Plus-Delta in Healthcare After Shifts End (DISCOVER-PHASE). A period of remote work with iterative feedback through four videoconferences incorporated the DISCERN tool [10, 15, 19, 21] in the Debriefing In Situ COVID-19 to Encourage Reflection and Plus-Delta in Healthcare After Shifts End (DIS-COVER-PHASE), developed the overall structure and the scripted language of the debriefing form. The first section concerning the "Background" collects demographic data, including the date and time of the debrief, team members present, debriefing facilitator name, and location of the clinical unit, as well as the number of COVID cases (confirmed and suspected) treated during the shift, any related deaths, and the clinical interventions performed by the team. This article reports on the development, format, implementation, and initial results of a clinical debriefing program after a shift ends: DISCOVER-PHASE. abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple guidelines recommend debriefing after clinical events in the emergency department (ED) to improve performance, but their implementation has been limited. We aimed to start a clinical debriefing program to identify opportunities to address teamwork and patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We reviewed existing literature on best-practice guidelines to answer key clinical debriefing program design questions. An end-of-shift huddle format for the debriefs allowed multiple cases of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 illness to be discussed in the same session, promoting situational awareness and team learning. A novel ED-based clinical debriefing tool was implemented and titled Debriefing In Situ COVID-19 to Encourage Reflection and Plus-Delta in Healthcare After Shifts End (DISCOVER-PHASE). A facilitator experienced in simulation debriefings would facilitate a short (10–25 min) discussion of the relevant cases by following a scripted series of stages for debriefing. Data on the number of debriefing opportunities, frequency of utilization of debriefing, debriefing location, and professional background of the facilitator were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, the ED treated 3386 suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, with 11 deaths and 77 ICU admissions. Of the 187 debriefing opportunities in the first 8-week period, 163 (87.2%) were performed. Of the 24 debriefings not performed, 21 (87.5%) of these were during the four first weeks (21/24; 87.5%). Clinical debriefings had a median duration of 10 min (IQR 7–13). They were mostly facilitated by a nurse (85.9%) and mainly performed remotely (89.8%). CONCLUSION: Debriefing with DISCOVER-PHASE during the COVID-19 pandemic were performed often, were relatively brief, and were most often led remotely by a nurse facilitator. Future research should describe the clinical and organizational impact of this DISCOVER-PHASE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656224/ doi: 10.1186/s41077-020-00150-0 id: cord-338951-wu1ofih9 author: Sestili, Piero title: Paracetamol-Induced Glutathione Consumption: Is There a Link With Severe COVID-19 Illness? date: 2020-10-07 words: 4664.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338951-wu1ofih9.txt summary: However, a warning from some research reports and National Authorities raised NSAIDs safety concerns because of the supposed induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels (the receptor used by SARS-CoV2 to enter host airways cells), the increased risk of bacterial superinfections and masking of disease symptoms. This warning was grounded on a wide number of studies reviewed in (Micallef et al., 2020b) including a recent report of the French Pharmacovigilance Network conducted in 2019 (Crpv De Tours, CRPV de Marseille, 2019) showing that the use of NSAIDs (even if given for short times and/or associated to antibiotics) for the treatment of fever and nonrheumatic pain (which may be indicative of an underlying infection) increases the risk of severe bacterial complications, particularly of the lungs, and on the supposed ibuprofen-induced A angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) overexpression. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented sanitary threat: antiviral and host-directed medications to treat the disease are urgently needed. A great effort has been paid to find drugs and treatments for hospitalized, severely ill patients. However, medications used for the domiciliary management of early symptoms, notwithstanding their importance, have not been and are not presently regarded with the same attention and seriousness. In analogy with other airways viral infections, COVID-19 patients in the early phase require specific antivirals (still lacking) and non-etiotropic drugs to lower pain, fever, and control inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol (PAC) are widely used as non-etiotropic agents in common airways viral infections and hence are both theoretically repurposable for COVID-19. However, a warning from some research reports and National Authorities raised NSAIDs safety concerns because of the supposed induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels (the receptor used by SARS-CoV2 to enter host airways cells), the increased risk of bacterial superinfections and masking of disease symptoms. As a consequence, the use of NSAIDs was, and is still, discouraged while the alternative adoption of paracetamol is still preferred. On the basis of novel data and hypothesis on the possible role of scarce glutathione (GSH) levels in the exacerbation of COVID-19 and of the GSH depleting activity of PAC, this commentary raises the question of whether PAC may be the better choice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117175/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579944 id: cord-338741-gy3ovkrt author: Sethi, Atin title: Evaluation of Current Therapies for COVID-19 Treatment date: 2020-07-22 words: 5580.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338741-gy3ovkrt.txt summary: No survival benefit for those not requiring respiratory support [22] Convalescent plasma n = 10 severely ill patients Treatment: 200 mL IV In all 10 patients, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain disappeared or largely improved within 1-3 days of therapy initiation [23] In vitro study determining the activity of convalescent plasma from a recovered SARS-1 patient against SARS-CoV-2 Although the focus of this study was not to explore the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin, it outlines the importance of appropriate risk-benefit analysis while treating patients with COVID-19. This randomized control trial [10] of 199 patients explored the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with relatively mild respiratory illness. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: Results of a randomized clinical trial Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study abstract: The virus SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths worldwide as of 10 June 2020. As a result of its recent appearance (December 2019), an efficacious treatment is not yet available. Although considered a lung infection since its emergence, COVID-19 is now causing multiple organ failure, requiring a continuous adjustment in the procedures. In this review, we summarize the current literature surrounding unproven therapies for COVID-19. Analyses of the clinical trials were grouped as chemotherapy, serotherapy, anticoagulant, and the use of human recombinant soluble ACE2 therapies. We conclude that, while no agent has hit the threshold for quality of evidence to demonstrate efficacy and safety, preliminary data show potential benefits. Moreover, there is a possibility for harm with these unproven therapies, and the decision to treat should be based on a comprehensive risk–benefit analysis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707942/ doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8081097 id: cord-263285-89zqgqx1 author: Sethi, Sanjum S. title: Right Ventricular Clot in Transit in COVID-19: Implications for the Pulmonary Embolism Response Team date: 2020-05-29 words: 1855.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263285-89zqgqx1.txt summary: After presenting a case of right ventricular thrombus in a COVID-19 patient, we discuss the unique challenges in the workup and treatment of COVID-19 patients highlighting our COVID-19 modified pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) algorithm. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19related critical illness and multiorgan dysfunction in a subset of those infected. Given these findings, the pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) was consulted and the patient was given 100 mg (over 2 hours) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin once the tPA infusion was complete. The usual risk stratification schema for acute pulmonary embolism rely on a combination of hemodynamic clinical parameters, such as hypoxemia, tachycardia, and hypotension along with serum biomarkers, such as troponin or brain natriuretic peptide followed by confirmatory imaging tests. abstract: Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with a prothrombotic state in infected patients. After presenting a case of right ventricular thrombus in a COVID-19 patient, we discuss the unique challenges in the workup and treatment of COVID-19 patients highlighting our COVID-19 modified pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) algorithm. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666084920305933?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.05.034 id: cord-201798-doi5w7tb author: Seto, Christopher title: Commuting Network Spillovers and COVID-19 Deaths Across US Counties date: 2020-10-02 words: 3507.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-201798-doi5w7tb.txt summary: We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We utilize 3-level mixed effects negative binomial models, analyzing COVID-19 cases and deaths of county-time periods (N=31,380), nested within counties (N=3,139), nested within states (N=51, includes DC). The weighted outcome regression model determines the causal effect of each county level characteristic on deaths by COVID-19 through statistical hypothesis testing. To aid our causal inference, we also conducted several analyses using different weighting strategies on a cross-sectional version of our data in which outcomes are cumulative counts of a county''s cases or deaths, and network and spatially lagged measures are based on these cumulative counts. Negative binomial models (with state and county random intercepts) predicting COVID-19 outcomes across 10 time periods based on network, spatial, and time lagged cases. abstract: This study explored how population mobility flows form commuting networks across US counties and influence the spread of COVID-19. We utilized 3-level mixed effects negative binomial regression models to estimate the impact of network COVID-19 exposure on county confirmed cases and deaths over time. We also conducted weighting-based analyses to estimate the causal effect of network exposure. Results showed that commuting networks matter for COVID-19 deaths and cases, net of spatial proximity, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Different local racial and ethnic concentrations are also associated with unequal outcomes. These findings suggest that commuting is an important causal mechanism in the spread of COVID-19 and highlight the significance of interconnected of communities. The results suggest that local level mitigation and prevention efforts are more effective when complemented by similar efforts in the network of connected places. Implications for research on inequality in health and flexible work arrangements are discussed. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01101v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-304802-44m7u1oz author: Settersten, Richard A. title: Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Through a Life Course Lens date: 2020-07-22 words: 11405.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304802-44m7u1oz.txt summary: We explore the pandemic''s implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. Because Covid-19 is a viral pandemic, we begin with its implications for health and then turn to matters of personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. In many countries, there have been increases in volunteering or helping others, especially The greater uncertainty created by the pandemic over the short and long term is likely to have somewhat different effects by age, social class, gender, and race/ethnicity and be modified by a country''s welfare system and the emergency interventions of its institutions. abstract: Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic is shaking fundamental assumptions about the human life course in societies around the world. In this essay, we draw on our collective expertise to illustrate how a life course perspective can make critical contributions to understanding the pandemic’s effects on individuals, families, and populations. We explore the pandemic’s implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. We consider both the life course implications of being infected by the Covid-19 virus or attached to someone who has; and being affected by the pandemic’s social, economic, cultural, and psychological consequences. It is our goal to offer some programmatic observations on which life course research and policies can build as the pandemic’s short- and long-term consequences unfold. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1040260820300393 doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100360 id: cord-280848-z0sbztkw author: Setzen, Michael title: COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future date: 2020-04-15 words: 2882.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280848-z0sbztkw.txt summary: These include protocols pertinent to safety, in-office Rhinologic procedures, the substitution of imaging for endoscopy, and understanding the appropriate role of telemedicine. There has been controversy and significant concern regarding endoscopic evaluation of patients in the office, especially nasal endoscopy and flexible laryngoscopy, since performing these procedures puts one in direct contact with the virus as it resides primarily in nose and nasopharynx. To decrease nasal endoscopy procedures and minimize risk, organizations such as the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) should consider guidelines examining when it is appropriate to go straight to CT in select cases of possible COVID-19 now and in the future. In-Office CT sinus will continue to play an important role as a point of service procedure in lieu of nasal endoscopy in patients with COVID-19 or suspected thereof. This makes nasal endoscopy and other in-office rhinologic procedures a concern for the Otolaryngologist with increased risk for infection. abstract: The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a deadly pandemic that is now significantly impacting the United States. Otolaryngologists are considered high risk for contracting disease, as the virus resides in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. While valuable work has been publicized regarding several topics in Rhinology, we discuss other aspects of our specialty in further detail. There are several issues regarding Rhinologic practice that need to be clarified both for the current epidemic as well as for future expected “waves.” In addition, as the pandemic dies down, guidelines are needed to optimize safe practices as we start seeing more patients again. These include protocols pertinent to safety, in-office Rhinologic procedures, the substitution of imaging for endoscopy, and understanding the appropriate role of telemedicine. We discuss these aspects of Rhinology as well as practical concerns relating to telemedicine and billing, as these issues take on increasing importance for Rhinologists both in the present and the future. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196070920301733 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102491 id: cord-354774-uoewzkjt author: Setzen, Michael title: The novel corona virus and rhinology: Impact on practice patterns and future directions date: 2020-06-01 words: 2669.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354774-uoewzkjt.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic on practice patterns, clinical behavior, personal health, and emotional/psychological concerns of rhinologists. CONCLUSION: In addition to severely impacting volume and the perception of future decreases in patients and revenue, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical and emotional impact on rhinologists in ways that need to be further studied. Having guidelines released by organizations and societies such as the American Academy of Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) and the ARS codifying which situations are appropriate for telemedicine versus which patients require in person evaluation may be helpful for rhinologists as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses and with future waves in mind. In addition to severely impacting practice volume and the perception of future decreases in patients and revenue, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical impact and significant emotional impact on rhinologists in ways that need to be further studied. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus pandemic on practice patterns, clinical behavior, personal health, and emotional/psychological concerns of rhinologists. METHODS: A 15-question survey was sent out to the American Rhinologic Society's (ARS) membership to determine the impact of COVID-19 during the crisis. Demographic factors and practice patterns were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: There were 224 total respondents out of 835 ARS members queried (26.8% response rate). Study queries were sent in April 2020. Notably, 17.8% reported illness in themselves or their staff and 74.4% noted a psychological/emotional impact. A plurality of rhinologists noted their practice volume and in-office procedure volume has become 20.0% and 0.0% of their prior volumes, respectively. In addition, 96.2% were noted to be using telemedicine in our subspecialty. CONCLUSION: In addition to severely impacting volume and the perception of future decreases in patients and revenue, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a physical and emotional impact on rhinologists in ways that need to be further studied. These data include significantly novel and objective information. The COVID-19 crisis also reveals the important role of telemedicine in rhinology. Guidelines regarding personal protective equipment for in-office visits, nasal endoscopy, and other in-office and operating room procedures would be particularly helpful as future waves are expected. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102569 doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102569 id: cord-316440-xt9tl7td author: Severo, Eliana Andrea title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal date: 2020-11-05 words: 6348.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316440-xt9tl7td.txt summary: title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility: evidence from generations in Brazil and Portugal This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility, in the perception of Baby Boomers, X and Y generations, residents in Brazil and Portugal. The results confirm the H4a and H4c hypotheses, so the multigroup analysis reveals that there is a difference in Chi-square and SE values, showing that in Portugal the COV EA and COV SR relations are higher compared to Brazil, highlighting them It is noted that the influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Responsibility is considered a high intensity among residents in Portugal. abstract: The COVID-19 Pandemic has become a major public health concern worldwide, which can impact environmental sustainability and social responsibility, as well as people's quality of life. In this context, environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social actions of people have been effectively changed, as a period of quarantine, social isolation and health crisis caused by Pandemic has been experienced. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on environmental awareness, sustainable consumption and social responsibility, in the perception of Baby Boomers, X and Y generations, residents in Brazil and Portugal. The method used was quantitative research, of a descriptive character, through a survey applied to 3236 people, which was analyzed with the use of Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicate that COVID-19 Pandemic is an important vector in people's behavioral change, which reflects on environmental sustainability and social responsibility. It It is noteworthy that the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic had a greater influence on sustainable consumption, followed by environmental awareness, and to a lesser extent, on social responsibility. There was also greater relevance in Portugal, as well as the perception of the Baby Boomers generation. This study also provides a framework such as metrics to measure a transformational event, which is the COVID-19 Pandemic in socio-environmental aspects and conscious consumption. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095965262034991X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124947 id: cord-011808-ev7qv94b author: Sfeir, Maroun M title: Frontline workers sound the alarm: be always sure you’re right, then go ahead date: 2020-06-16 words: 1398.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011808-ev7qv94b.txt summary: Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On 30 December 2019, Dr Wenliang Li, a Chinese ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was the first medical professional who raised a concern in an online chatroom alarming the healthcare personnel of an outbreak related to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like infection in seven inpatients admitted with severe respiratory tract infections after they visited the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China. 2 For instance, early during the pandemic and before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended wearing face coverings in public settings on 3 April 2020, many clinicians and nurses in the USA confessed that they faced intimidation, threatening or termination for wearing self-supplied masks in the hospitals. abstract: Amid personal protective equipment shortage, clinicians, nurses, and other frontline workers across the world have faced threatening and/or firing for self-protection during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This perspective describes the different challenges that the stressed and overworked frontline workers encounter when they raise concerns despite being right. It also highlights the importance of communication and appropriate execution upon hearing those concerns. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337852/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa066 id: cord-347718-qctii42h author: Sgura, Fabio Alfredo title: Complicated myocardial infarction in a 99-year-old lady in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: from the need to rule out coronavirus infection to emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty date: 2020-05-13 words: 1963.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347718-qctii42h.txt summary: Although acute coronary syndrome (specifically non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction) was considered as the most probable diagnosis, watchful waiting was initially applied, taking into account patient''s history and the very advanced age and, above all, the need to rule out COVID-19 infection in view of the presence of fever, cough and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the strenuous effort to counteract COVID-19 pandemic, it is anyway mandatory to continue to ensure appropriate care to all the patients, including the elderly, and this case of an old-old lady shows that invasive treatment of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction can be practiced even in this complex situation of our health-care system and the patient close to 100 years of age. Despite the general perception, strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic, that elderly people, and especially the old-old, have severe outcomes in case of acute cardiovascular diseases, leading to uncertainties about the value of intensive care and invasive interventions, our case stresses the need for individualized and shared decision making, involving the patient and relatives, and not excluding percutaneous coronary intervention when the situation is highly unstable. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405816/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02362-8 id: cord-344824-myaiilra author: Sha, D. title: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Medical Resource Deficiencies in the U.S. under COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 words: 5738.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344824-myaiilra.txt summary: A data-driven approach is developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies or medical burden at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. Then we develop two medical resource deficiency indices that measure the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU beds per critical care staff, respectively. In this report, three fundamental elements or features, i.e. ventilators, ICU beds, and critical care staff (CCS) were identified as medical resources to plan for or manage a COVID-19 pandemic, and it would be wise to consider the interconnections among these factors in a spatiotemporal data analysis framework. abstract: A data-driven approach is developed to estimate medical resource deficiencies or medical burden at county level during the COVID-19 pandemic from February 15, 2020 to May 1, 2020 in the U.S. Multiple data sources were used to extract local population, hospital beds, critical care staff, COVID-19 confirmed case numbers, and hospitalization data at county level. We estimate the average length of stay from hospitalization data at state level, and calculate the hospitalized rate at both state and county level. Then we develop two medical resource deficiency indices that measure the local medical burden based on the number of accumulated active confirmed cases normalized by local maximum potential medical resources, and the number of hospitalized patients that can be supported per ICU beds per critical care staff, respectively. The medical resources data, and the two medical resource deficiency indices are illustrated in a dynamic spatiotemporal visualization platform based on ArcGIS Pro Dashboards. Our results provide new insights into the U.S. pandemic preparedness and local dynamics relating to medical burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112136 id: cord-301815-83qbmc7q author: Shabani, Mahsa title: Reporting, Recording and Communication of COVID-19 Cases in Workplace: Data Protection as a Moving Target date: 2020-04-22 words: 1755.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301815-83qbmc7q.txt summary: In response to concerns related to privacy in the context of COVID-19, recently European and national Data Protection Authorities (DPA) issued guidelines and recommendations addressing variety of issues related to processing of personal data for preventive purposes. National Data Protection Authorities in some cases adopted different approaches regarding duties in reporting and communicating the COVID-19 cases, however, they unanimously stressed importance of adopting privacy preserving approaches to avoid raising concerns about surveillance and stigmatization. One of the recurring questions in these guidelines has been related to duties and responsibilities of employers regarding recording the COVID-19 cases and disclosing the relevant information to the staff for preventive purposes. 8 9 Notably, a potential duty of the employees to report is closely related to the responsibilities of the employers in recording such cases, and eventually communicating to staff and health authorities. abstract: In response to concerns related to privacy in the context of COVID-19, recently European and national Data Protection Authorities (DPA) issued guidelines and recommendations addressing variety of issues related to processing of personal data for preventive purposes. One of the recurring questions in these guidelines related to the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees in reporting, recording and communicating COVID-19 cases in workplace. National Data Protection Authorities in some cases adopted different approaches regarding duties in reporting and communicating the COVID-19 cases, however, they unanimously stressed importance of adopting privacy preserving approaches to avoid raising concerns about surveillance and stigmatization. We stress that in view of increasing use of new data collection and sharing tools such as “tracing and warning” apps, associated privacy related risks should be evaluated on an ongoing manner. In addition, the intricacies of different settings where such apps may be used should be taken into consideration when assessing the associated risks and benefits. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728456/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa008 id: cord-326565-s62inw07 author: Shacham, E. title: Association of County-Wide Mask Ordinances with Reductions in Daily CoVID-19 Incident Case Growth in a Midwestern Region Over 12 Weeks date: 2020-10-30 words: 1925.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326565-s62inw07.txt summary: Importance: This study assessed the longitudinal impact of new COVID-19 cases when a mask ordinance was implemented in 2 of a 5-county Midwestern U.S. metropolitan region over a 3-month period of time. The average daily percent growth in incident COVID-19 cases was similar between M+ and Mcounties in the 3 weeks prior to implementation of mandatory mask policies (0.90% [sd 0.68] vs. Crude modeling with a difference-in-difference indicator showed that after 3 weeks of mask mandate implementation, M+ counties had a daily percent COVID-19 growth rate that was 1.32 times lower, or a 32% decrease. 1 Mask wearing has transitioned to a politically nuanced behavior, and this has been particularly true in the region surrounding the Midwestern city of St. Louis, providing a natural experiment to understand the longitudinal impact of a variable mask mandate policies has on county-level changes in incident CoVID-19 rates over a 12-week period. abstract: Importance: This study assessed the longitudinal impact of new COVID-19 cases when a mask ordinance was implemented in 2 of a 5-county Midwestern U.S. metropolitan region over a 3-month period of time. Reduction in case growth was significant and reduced infection inequities by race and population density. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact that a mandatory mask wearing requirement had on the rate of COVID-19 infections by comparing counties with a mandatory policy with those neighboring counties without a mandatory masking policy. Design: This was a quasi-experimental longitudinal study conducted over the period of June 12-September 25, 2020. Setting: This study was a population-based study. Data were abstracted from local health department reports of COVID-19 cases. Participants: Raw cases reported to the county health departments and abstracted for this study; census-level data were synthesized to address county-level population, income and race. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies): The essential features of this intervention was an instituted mask mandate that occurred in St. Louis City and St. Louis County over a 12 week period. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): The primary study outcome measurement was daily COVID-19 infection growth rate. The mask mandate was hypothesized to lower daily infection growth rate. Results: Over the 15-week period, the average daily percent growth of reported COVID-19 cases across all five counties was 1.81% (sd 1.62%). The average daily percent growth in incident COVID-19 cases was similar between M+ and M- counties in the 3 weeks prior to implementation of mandatory mask policies (0.90% [sd 0.68] vs. 1.27% [sd 1.23%], respectively, p=0.269). Crude modeling with a difference-in-difference indicator showed that after 3 weeks of mask mandate implementation, M+ counties had a daily percent COVID-19 growth rate that was 1.32 times lower, or a 32% decrease. At 12 weeks post-mask policy implementation, the average daily COVID-19 case growth among M- was 2.42% (sd 1.92), and was significantly higher than the average daily COVID case growth among M+ counties (1.36% (sd 0.96%)) (p<0.001). A significant negative association was identified among counties between percent growth of COVID-19 cases and percent racial minorities per county (p<0.001), as well as population density (p<0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: These data demonstrate that county-level mask mandates were associated with significantly lower incident COVID-19 case growth over time, compared to neighboring counties that did not implement a mask mandate. The results highlight the swiftness of how a mask ordinance can impact the trajectory of infection rate growth. Another notable finding was that following implementation of mask mandates, the disparity of infection rate by race and population density was no longer significant, suggesting that regional-level policies can not only slow the spread of COVID-19, but simultaneously create more equal environment. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.20221705v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221705 id: cord-257613-o0q7hvn3 author: Shafiee, Abbas title: Coronavirus disease 2019: A tissue engineering and regenerative medicine perspective date: 2020-08-21 words: 3427.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257613-o0q7hvn3.txt summary: To date, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) products, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their derivatives (eg, exosomes) for coronavirus infections, which could be applied for the COVID‐19. Over the COVID-19 outbreak, the funding for many TERM projects is being cut, which has a significant impact on the present and future of Current clinical trials highlight the potential benefits of stem cell therapies for COVID-19 patients. Effective multi-institutional collaboration and adequate funding from government and nongovernment sources are also needed to collect and analyze the data from ongoing and new human trials, to better understand the potential benefits of stem cell therapies for COVID-19 patients. Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. Treatment with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (START study): a randomised phase 2a safety trial abstract: Current therapies for novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) are generally used to manage rather than cure this highly infective disease. Therefore, there is a significant unmet medical need for a safe and effective treatment for COVID‐19. Inflammation is the driving force behind coronavirus infections, and the majority of deaths caused by COVID‐19 are the result of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is crucial to control the inflammation as early as possible. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) products, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their derivatives (eg, exosomes) for coronavirus infections, which could be applied for the COVID‐19. In this review, first, the impacts of COVID‐19 pandemic in the present and future of TERM research and products are briefly presented. Then, the recent clinical trials and the therapeutic benefits of MSCs in coronavirus‐induced ARDS are critically reviewed. Last, the recent advances in the field of tissue engineering relevant to the coronavirus infections, including three‐dimensional platforms to study the disease progression and test the effects of antiviral agents are described. Moreover, the application of biomaterials for vaccine technology, and drug delivery are highlighted. Despite promising results in the preclinical and clinical applications of MSC therapy for coronavirus infections, the controversy still exists, and thus further investigation is required to understand the efficacy of these therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32820868/ doi: 10.1002/sctm.20-0197 id: cord-300750-huyl21vz author: Shagam, Lev title: Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020 date: 2020-04-27 words: 3771.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300750-huyl21vz.txt summary: Using multivariate linear regression we show that incidence and mortality rates correlate significantly with GDP per capita (p = 2.6×10-15 and 7.0×10-4, respectively), country-specific duration of the outbreak (2.6×10-4 and 0.0019), fraction of citizens over 65 years old (p = 0.0049 and 3.8×10-4) and level of press freedom (p = 0.021 and 0.019) which cumulatively explain 80% of variability of incidence and more than 60% of variability of mortality of the disease during the period analyzed. Country-specific COVID-19 incidence (rows 1 and 3) and mortality rate (rows 2 and 4) depending on explanatory variables: outbreak duration ( a,d ), number of tests performed ( b,e ), GDP per capita ( c,f ), press freedom ranking measure (countries with limited press freedom have higher rank; g,j ), fraction of senior citizens ( h,k ) and position of the country''s centroid ( i,l ). abstract: At early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic which we are experiencing, the publicly reported incidence, mortality and case fatality rates (CFR) vary significantly between countries. Here we aim to untangle factors that are associated with the differences during the first quarter of the year 2020. Number of performed COVID-19 tests has a strong correlation with country-specific incidence (p <2×10-16) and mortality rate (p = 5.1×10-8). Using multivariate linear regression we show that incidence and mortality rates correlate significantly with GDP per capita (p = 2.6×10-15 and 7.0×10-4, respectively), country-specific duration of the outbreak (2.6×10-4 and 0.0019), fraction of citizens over 65 years old (p = 0.0049 and 3.8×10-4) and level of press freedom (p = 0.021 and 0.019) which cumulatively explain 80% of variability of incidence and more than 60% of variability of mortality of the disease during the period analyzed. Country hemisphere demonstrated significant correlation only with mortality (p = 0.17 and 0.036) whereas population density (p = 0.94 and p = 0.75) and latitude (p = 0.61 and 0.059) did not reach significance in our model. Case fatality rate is shown to rise as the outbreak progresses (p = 0.028). We rank countries by COVID-19 mortality corrected for incidence and the factors that were shown to affect it, and by CFR corrected for outbreak duration, yielding very similar results. Among the countries where the outbreak started after the 15th of February and with at least 1000 registered patients during the period analyzed, the lowest corrected CFR are seen in Israel, South Africa and Chile. The ranking results should be considered with caution as they do not consider all confounding factors or data reporting biases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20075580 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20075580 id: cord-310561-67kp743f author: Shah, Akshay title: Systemic hypoferremia and severity of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 970.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310561-67kp743f.txt summary: Therefore, we sought to characterise iron parameters, including serum iron, in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and relate these to disease severity. We retrospectively evaluated any serum iron profiles that were measured in critically ill patients with COVID-19 within 24 h of admission to the ICU, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, between March 31, 2020, and April 25, 2020. Our data suggest that serum iron may be a useful biomarker for identifying disease severity in COVID-19, whilst also being a potential therapeutic target. Serum iron was lower when compared with other cohorts of non-COVID-19 ICU patients reported previously, including those with sepsis [4] . Abbreviations: APACHEII Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, CRP C-reactive protein, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation Fig. 1 Associations between markers of iron status, lymphocyte count and severity of hypoxemia. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03051-w doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03051-w id: cord-303991-pjycxlse author: Shah, M. R. T. title: Finding the real COVID-19 case-fatality rates for SAARC countries date: 2020-10-27 words: 2985.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303991-pjycxlse.txt summary: In this study, we estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for the SAARC countries and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Using the daily records up to 9th October, we implemented a statistical method to remove both the bias in crude CFR, i.e., the delay between disease onset and outcome bias and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases, reporting rates lower than 50% (95% CI: 10%-50%) bias. However, no study has thoroughly investigated COVID-19 adjusted CFR of SAARC countries, a regional union of eight nations-Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study''s objective was to calculate and compare the COVID-19 CFR for SAARC countries adjusted by the disease''s survival interval and reporting rates. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the adjusted CFR of COVID-19 outbreak for the selected SAARC countries, i.e., Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. abstract: Crude case fatality rate (CFR) is the most accurate when the pandemic is over. Adjustments to the crude CFR measure can better explain the pandemic situation by improving the CFR estimation. However, no study has thoroughly investigated COVID-19 adjusted CFR of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. In this study, we estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for the SAARC countries and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Using the daily records up to 9th October, we implemented a statistical method to remove both the bias in crude CFR, i.e., the delay between disease onset and outcome bias and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases, reporting rates lower than 50% (95% CI: 10%-50%) bias. According to our findings, Afghanistan had the highest CFR, followed by Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. Our estimated crude CFR varied from 3.71% to 0.29%, survival interval adjusted CFR varied from 3.77% to 0.3% and further underreporting adjusted CFR varied from 1.1% to 0.08%. We have also found that crude CFR increased from 1.261% to 1.572% after imposing the COVID-19 test fees in Bangladesh. Therefore, the authorities of countries with higher CFR should be looking for strategic counsel from the countries with lower CFR to equip themselves with the necessary knowledge to combat the pandemic. Moreover, caution is needed to report the CFR. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.24.20218909v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.24.20218909 id: cord-332729-f1e334g0 author: Shah, Nirav R. title: An Impact-Oriented Approach to Epidemiological Modeling date: 2020-09-21 words: 1638.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332729-f1e334g0.txt summary: 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently added policy development as a sixth item in its list of the major tasks of epidemiology in public health, but there remains no mention of the impact on the general public. For instance, the Covid Act Now (CAN) model is fully open-source, along with its data inputs (available at https://covidactnow.org). Both the New York Times and Georgetown University''s Center for Global Health, Science, and Security (available at https://covidamp.org/) have begun to collect data on COVID-19 policies by state and effective dates, including shelter-in-place and reopening orders. These eight considerations may enable COVID-19 data and models to become better harbingers of actionable, behavior-changing, and even life-saving information; to bridge the gap between scientific public health expertise and mainstream, layperson Are the data and model''s mechanisms and data sources publicly available for fact-checking and validation? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06230-1 id: cord-265372-vytmwmoj author: Shah, Nita H title: Control Strategies to Curtail Transmission of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-07 words: 2646.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265372-vytmwmoj.txt summary: During the initial stages of COVID-19 outbreak, such human transmissions were taking place because, wide-range of public was unaware of these risk factors, and the infected individuals were also not isolated and were spreading the virus unknowingly to other individuals. Moreover, to minimise mortality rate of COVID-19, 3 u control variable is taken which helps to reduce critically infected cases by taking extra medical care of infected individuals. [1] In this section, the COVID-19 model is simulated numerically, wherein the parametric values for simulation are taken from recent pandemic outbreak of coronavirus (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports). Figure 6 (e) shows that mortality rate due to COVID-19 can be reduced effectively within three weeks of outbreak by applying 1 u , 2 u and 3 u control strategies. That means self-quarantine for an exposed individual, isolation of an infected individual and reducing critical cases by taking extra care of infected individuals are effective strategies to control further transmission of COVID-19. abstract: Recently, the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirius as a pandemic, and declared it as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. More than 6,83,536 positive cases and 32,139 deaths caused by coronavirus 2019 affecting 199 countries and territories. This pandemic can transform into an extremely destructive form if we still do not take it seriously. In this present study, we propose a generalized SEIR model of COVID-2019 to study the behavior of its transmission under different control strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.04.20053173 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.04.20053173 id: cord-026334-n8ek9fw3 author: Shah, Pooja title: Prevention is Better than Cure: An Application of Big Data and Geospatial Technology in Mitigating Pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 2672.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026334-n8ek9fw3.txt summary: While the city planners are still struggling to maintain balance between logistic planning and resource management, dense urban built up, affordable housing and other factors are challenging the planners to find out potential site for COVID-19 patients and quarantine. The predicting strength of the software is explored by developing model to predict the cases of COVID-19 using explanatory variables like population density, building density, building heights and types of use of land like housing, commercial or industrial and positive cases of COVID based on above parameters the prediction model will help to show the probable area of containment Using this model, the severity of the pandemic can be tracked and can be monitored to avoid further spread of diseases. The use of such data in Surat city has helped in managing the spread of the COVID-19 effect. abstract: COVID-19 has been a severe threat to city’s dense ecosystem and has collapsed the urban life. These spread has raised question on urban health infrastructure and coping capacity. To maintain social distance and providing community with essentials is a challenging task for government and city planners in dense urban area. Spatial mapping of resources, patients, medical infrastructure, potential open space, places which can be turned to quarantine centers, etc. has been done using GIS for city of Surat. Larger open spaces within the urban fabric are identified to implement emergency services and evacuation protocols. This tool will defiantly be helpful to the city administration in maintaining the cluster, quarantine tracking of the infected community and flow of daily essential, supply chain in cities with restriction in the infected cluster. Even having better technology to fight against any pandemic, geospatial technology will help to prevent the pandemic to spread further and hence, it is known as prevention is better then cure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275654/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00120-y id: cord-258498-0mvxwo3w author: Shah, Saleha title: COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry- traversing the challenges. A narrative review date: 2020-08-21 words: 13560.0 sentences: 748.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258498-0mvxwo3w.txt summary: This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. 5, 6, 7 The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols generated during dental procedures cannot be eliminated when practicing in the absence of Airborne Precautions (airborne infection isolation rooms or single-patient rooms, respiratory protection program, N95 respirators). 47 Primary prevention encompasses prenatal health care, avoidance of night time bottle feed with sugary drinks or milk, restricting sugar intake and frequency for children younger than 24 months, avoiding frequent/nocturnal breast or bottle feeding after 1 year, exposure to dietary fluoridate (water, milk, salt), use of an age appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste containing at least 1000ppm fluoride for brushing at least twice a day, dental visit in the first year of life and regular applications of 5% fluoride. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major global public health emergency with a focus on preventing the spread of this virus for controlling this crisis. A dental setting is at a high risk of cross infection amid patients and dental practitioner's owing to the spread of infection via droplets suspended in the air by infected symptomatic or asymptomatic subjects. This review article informs about measures which reduce facility risk, manage symptomatic patients and protect personal health care and management with reference to paediatric dentistry. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080120302557?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.007 id: cord-282867-kbyxdegu author: Shah, Sayed Zulfiqar Ali title: Scaling the Need, Benefits, and Risks Associated with COVID-19 Acute and Postacute Care Rehabilitation: A Review date: 2020-08-26 words: 4542.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282867-kbyxdegu.txt summary: The main aim of this study is to review and summarize the evidence regarding the supportive role of physical rehabilitation techniques in managing COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In this review, we also emphasize the use of rehabilitation techniques in the management of pneumonia in COVID-19-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence regarding the supportive role of treatment options available in physical rehabilitation to manage COVID-19 pneumonia effectively. Evidence strongly supports that many rehabilitation techniques including chest physiotherapy and physical therapy modalities can be of great support to manage COVID-19-associated pneumonia [9, 10] . Common problems identified in COVID-19 patients that could be managed by rehabilitation specialists in the postacute phase include musculoskeletal pain, joint pain, reduced range of motion, muscular weakness, neuropathy and myopathy, pulmonary dysfunction, dysphagia, dyspnea, confusion, and impaired activities of daily living. abstract: Coronavirus is an RNA virus, which attacks the respiratory system causing complications including severe respiratory distress and pneumonia and many other symptoms. Recently, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak emerged in Wuhan, which caused a significant number of infections in China and resulted in a global pandemic. The main aim of this study is to review and summarize the evidence regarding the supportive role of physical rehabilitation techniques in managing COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In this review, we also emphasize the use of rehabilitation techniques in the management of pneumonia in COVID-19-infected patients. Based on the evidence presented, we conclude that certain physical rehabilitation techniques and modalities could be of great support in the management of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. The safety of staff and patients when applying rehabilitation intervention requires attention. The combination of physical rehabilitation and medical treatment would result in improved treatment outcomes, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Many rehabilitation techniques are safe and feasible and can be easily incorporated into the management protocol of COVID-19 victims. Decisions of early rehabilitation induction should be based on the patient's medical condition and tolerability. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3642143 doi: 10.1155/2020/3642143 id: cord-298325-2gm4fnqi author: Shah, Sonia title: Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization date: 2020-06-17 words: 4001.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298325-2gm4fnqi.txt summary: title: Novel use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the emergency department identifies need for hospitalization OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate patient‐reported oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially non‐severe COVID‐19 to identify need for hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially non‐severe COVID‐19 patients when a cut off of SpO(2) 92% is used. Our objective was to evaluate patient-reported oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially non-severe COVID-19 to identify need for hospitalization. Our results found that pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool identifies need for hospitalization in initially non-severe COVID-19 patients when a cut off of SpO 2 92% is used. This study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially non-severe COVID-19 patients when resting home oxygen saturation drops below 92%. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate patient‐reported oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) using pulse oximetry as a home monitoring tool for patients with initially non‐severe COVID‐19 to identify need for hospitalization. METHODS: Patients were enrolled at the emergency department (ED) and outpatient testing centers. Each patient was given a home pulse oximeter and instructed to record their SpO(2) every eight hours. Patients were instructed to return to the ED for sustained home SpO(2) <92% or if they felt they needed emergent medical attention. Relative risk was used to assess the relation between hospitalization and home SpO(2) <92% in COVID‐19 positive patients. RESULTS: We enrolled 209 patients with suspected COVID‐19, of which 77 patients tested positive for COVID‐19 and were included. Subsequent hospitalization occurred in 22/77 (29%) patients. Resting home SpO(2) <92% was associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization compared to SpO(2) ≥92% [RR 7.0 (95% CI 3.4 – 14.5), p‐value <0.0001]. Home SpO2 <92% was also associated with increased risk of ICU admission, ARDS and septic shock. In our cohort, 50% of patients who ended up hospitalized only returned to the ED for incidental finding of low home SpO(2) without worsening of symptoms. One‐third (33%) of non‐hospitalized patients stated they would have returned to the ED if they did not have a pulse oximeter to reassure them at home. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that home pulse oximetry monitoring identifies need for hospitalization in initially non‐severe COVID‐19 patients when a cut off of SpO(2) 92% is used. Half of patients who ended up hospitalized had SpO(2) <92% without worsening symptoms. Home SpO(2) monitoring also reduces unnecessary ED revisits. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779828/ doi: 10.1111/acem.14053 id: cord-268483-joiajgs4 author: Shah, Vibhuti Kumar title: Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past date: 2020-08-07 words: 10644.0 sentences: 477.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268483-joiajgs4.txt summary: As there are no specific treatments available for this novel coronavirus, numerous small molecular drugs that are being used for the treatment of diseases like SARS, MERS, HIV, ebola, malaria, and tuberculosis are being given to COVID-19 patients, and clinical trials for many such drugs have already begun. An ELISA-based time kinetics study to detect the COVID-19 specific humoral immune response showed that the patients produced IgM and IgG antibodies that did not cross-react with other human coronaviruses except SARS-CoV. A case study on pediatric patients reports that 5 out of 6 children showed a protective humoral response, with neutralizing IgG and IgM antibodies targeting the N and S-RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (65) . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice abstract: After the 1918 flu pandemic, the world is again facing a similar situation. However, the advancement in medical science has made it possible to identify that the novel infectious agent is from the coronavirus family. Rapid genome sequencing by various groups helped in identifying the structure and function of the virus, its immunogenicity in diverse populations, and potential preventive measures. Coronavirus attacks the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and lymphopenia in infected individuals. Viral components like spike and nucleocapsid proteins trigger an immune response in the host to eliminate the virus. These viral antigens can be either recognized by the B cells or presented by MHC complexes to the T cells, resulting in antibody production, increased cytokine secretion, and cytolytic activity in the acute phase of infection. Genetic polymorphism in MHC enables it to present some of the T cell epitopes very well over the other MHC alleles. The association of MHC alleles and its downregulated expression has been correlated with disease severity against influenza and coronaviruses. Studies have reported that infected individuals can, after recovery, induce strong protective responses by generating a memory T-cell pool against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These memory T cells were not persistent in the long term and, upon reactivation, caused local damage due to cross-reactivity. So far, the reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious, shows related symptoms in three different stages and develops an exhaustive T-cell pool at higher loads of viral infection. As there are no specific treatments available for this novel coronavirus, numerous small molecular drugs that are being used for the treatment of diseases like SARS, MERS, HIV, ebola, malaria, and tuberculosis are being given to COVID-19 patients, and clinical trials for many such drugs have already begun. A classical immunotherapy of convalescent plasma transfusion from recovered patients has also been initiated for the neutralization of viremia in terminally ill COVID-19 patients. Due to the limitations of plasma transfusion, researchers are now focusing on developing neutralizing antibodies against virus particles along with immuno-modulation of cytokines like IL-6, Type I interferons (IFNs), and TNF-α that could help in combating the infection. This review highlights the similarities of the coronaviruses that caused SARS and MERS to the novel SARS-CoV-2 in relation to their pathogenicity and immunogenicity and also focuses on various treatment strategies that could be employed for curing COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01949 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01949 id: cord-259281-4w1tyqw9 author: Shah, Vishank Arun title: Acute Encephalopathy Is Associated With Worse Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-01 words: 1435.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259281-4w1tyqw9.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute encephalopathy is common and more likely to occur in patients with medical co-morbidities and are more likely to need critical care, intubation and have higher 30-day mortality even after adjusting for age and underlying medical co-morbidities. De-identified patient information for COVID-19 patients with and without acute encephalopathy were extracted using TriNetX, a global health collaborative clinical research platform collecting real-time electronic medical record data from a network of health care organizations across U.S.A. and some outside US territories. Then, baseline demographics, co-morbidities and clinical outcomes, including need for critical care services, intubation and mortality within 30 days from COVID-19 diagnosis were compared in patients with and without encephalopathy. We found that need for critical care services, intubation and 30-day mortality were significantly higher in patients who had acute encephalopathy and this difference persisted even after propensity-score matching for age, demographics and medical co-morbidities. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute encephalopathy with COVID-19 has been reported in several studies but its impact on outcomes remains unclear. We hypothesized that hospitalized COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy have worse COVID-19 related outcomes. METHODS: We used TriNetX, with a large COVID-19 database, collecting real-time electronic medical records data. We included hospitalized COVID-19 patients since January 20, 2020 who had encephalopathy based on ICD-10 coding. We examined clinical outcomes comprising need for critical care services, intubation and mortality among these patients and compared it with patients without encephalopathy before and after propensity-score matching. RESULTS: Of 12,601 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 1092 (8.7%) developed acute encephalopathy. Patients in the acute encephalopathy group were older (67 vs. 61 years) and had higher prevalence of medical co-morbidities including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, COPD, chronic kidney and liver disease among others. Before and after propensity score-matching for co-morbidities, patients with acute encephalopathy were more likely to need critical care services (35.6% vs. 16.9%, p < 0.0001), intubation (19.5% vs. 6.0%, p<0.0001) and had higher 30-day mortality (24.3% vs. 17.9%, p 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute encephalopathy is common and more likely to occur in patients with medical co-morbidities and are more likely to need critical care, intubation and have higher 30-day mortality even after adjusting for age and underlying medical co-morbidities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2666354620301010 doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100136 id: cord-331472-kd4uxcve author: Shahid, Zainab title: COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know date: 2020-04-20 words: 2314.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331472-kd4uxcve.txt summary: Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). 5 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that although individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, they make up 31% of COVID-19 infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit admissions, and 80% of deaths caused by this infection. 15, 16 These symptoms are also common in older adults; one study on 21 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a mean age of 70 years, found that the most common presenting symptoms were shortness of breath (76%), fever (52%), and cough (48%). 19 One study on 46 fatal cases of SARS-CoV-2, in which 84% of patients were older than age 60, found that diabetes is likely associated with increased mortality. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a novel virus that causes COVID‐19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A significant percentage of older American adults have these diseases, putting them at a higher risk of infection. Additionally, many adults with hypertension, diabetes, and CKD are placed on angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies have shown that these medications upregulate the ACE‐2 receptor, the very receptor that the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus uses to enter host cells. Although it has been hypothesized that this may cause a further increased risk of infection, more studies on the role of these medications in COVID‐19 infections are necessary. In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, and mortality of COVID‐19 as they relate to older adults, and possible treatments that are currently under investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926–929, 2020 url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16472 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16472 id: cord-207180-k6f6cmyn author: Shahrezaye, Morteza title: COVID-19''s (mis)information ecosystem on Twitter: How partisanship boosts the spread of conspiracy narratives on German speaking Twitter date: 2020-09-27 words: 3573.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-207180-k6f6cmyn.txt summary: We also found that the political orientation of users correlates with the volume of content users contribute to the dissemination of conspiracy narratives, implying that partisan communicators have a higher motivation to take part in conspiratorial discussions on Twitter. We speculate that more of the conspiracy-related tweets are deleted because of Twitter''s content moderation efforts that have been enforced due to recent public debates about misinformation on OSNs. There is a long list of laboratory studies that show a correlation between conspiracy mentality and extreme political orientation [Enders et al., 2020; van Prooijen et al., 2015] . Using more than 38,000 tweets and 36,000 unique Twitter users, we formed the contingency table of political orientation and of contribution to COVID-19 conspiracy narratives (Table 8) . abstract: In late 2019, the gravest pandemic in a century began spreading across the world. A state of uncertainty related to what has become known as SARS-CoV-2 has since fueled conspiracy narratives on social media about the origin, transmission and medical treatment of and vaccination against the resulting disease, COVID-19. Using social media intelligence to monitor and understand the proliferation of conspiracy narratives is one way to analyze the distribution of misinformation on the pandemic. We analyzed more than 9.5M German language tweets about COVID-19. The results show that only about 0.6% of all those tweets deal with conspiracy theory narratives. We also found that the political orientation of users correlates with the volume of content users contribute to the dissemination of conspiracy narratives, implying that partisan communicators have a higher motivation to take part in conspiratorial discussions on Twitter. Finally, we showed that contrary to other studies, automated accounts do not significantly influence the spread of misinformation in the German speaking Twitter sphere. They only represent about 1.31% of all conspiracy-related activities in our database. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12905v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-287196-re4sosff author: Shahzad, Fakhar title: Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective date: 2020-07-15 words: 8747.0 sentences: 505.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt summary: The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour. abstract: Historically, infectious diseases have been the leading cause of human psychosomatic strain and death tolls. This research investigated the recent threat of COVID-19 contagion, especially its impact among frontline paramedics treating patients with COVID-19, and their perception of self-infection, which ultimately increases their agonistic behaviour. Based on the stressor–strain–outcome paradigm, a research model was proposed and investigated using survey-based data through a structured questionnaire. The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. These findings significantly contributed to the current literature concerning COVID-19 and pandemic-related effects on human behaviour. This study also theorized the concept of human agonistic behaviour, which has key implications for future researchers. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145102 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145102 id: cord-354339-tchu91av author: Shahzad, Naeem title: Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan date: 2020-05-06 words: 2120.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354339-tchu91av.txt summary: Photo: Nurse wearing locally produced low cost COVID-19 kit and filling the score card from a suspected patient for initial screening and triage at the emergency control room (from the collection of Dr Naeem Shahzad, used with permission). Therefore, this study has made an effort to design a rapid assessment score card using bottom up approach starting from community level which will help the low-income and developing countries to ascertain the suspected COVID-19 cases at community level. To develop an effective tool for patient screening without overburdening the health care infrastructure while still not compromising the control over the spread of the disease and preventive measures, an effective score card has been developed covering numerous effective parameters for rapid assessment of the probable COIVD-19 cases, as shown in Figure 1 . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010353 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010353 id: cord-356056-82bvcuvd author: Shaikh, Aasef G. title: Cerebellar Scholars’ Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia date: 2020-04-16 words: 1343.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356056-82bvcuvd.txt summary: Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy. The source of the current global challenge is the malignantly pathogenic coronavirus that emerged from Wuhan, China, leading to highly contagious and novel condition called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fast tracked literature revealed that in its acute phase, compared with the impact on the respiratory system, the human brain appears relatively spared, generally causing confusion (9%), dizziness (17%), impaired consciousness (8%), propensity to develop acute strokes (3%), anosmia (6%), hypogeusia (6%), acute cerebrovascular diseases (3%), ataxia (1%), epilepsy (1%), and neuralgia [3] . There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely. abstract: Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. Primarily affecting the human respiratory system, SARS-CoV2 has some impact on the human brain, but apparently minimal on the cerebellum, at least so far. Neurological involvement in the acute phase appears to manifest with confusion, dizziness, impaired consciousness, propensity to develop acute strokes, anosmia, hypogeusia, ataxia, epilepsy, and neuralgia. Cerebellar scholars are facing a time of uncertainty. Telemedicine has suddenly emerged as an alternative to follow patients. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32301047/ doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01131-9 id: cord-271469-lozvq3y6 author: Shaikh, Faiq title: Current landscape of Imaging and the potential role for Artificial intelligence in the management of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-27 words: 3042.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271469-lozvq3y6.txt summary: The clinical presentation of COVID-19 COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory tract infection caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. Currently, the imaging features related to the neurologic complications of the virus are consistent with stroke related to large vessel occlusion and encephalopathy (Fig. 5) with reported leptomeningeal enhancement and cranial nerve palsies [25, 26] , which in the vast majority are seen in subjects with severe alternate manifestations of Covid-19 infection [27, 28] . Given that it has been shown to be useful for imaging lung infections, such as tuberculosis and atypical pneumonia [33] , its potential role in COVID19 management, albeit small may be extrapolated (Fig. 6) . Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response Severity assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using quantitative features from chest CT images abstract: The clinical management of COVID-19 is challenging. Medical imaging plays a critical role in the early detection, clinical monitoring and outcomes assessment of this disease. Chest x-ray radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) are the standard imaging modalities used for the structural assessment of the disease status, while functional imaging (namely, positron emission tomography) has had limited application. Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance the predictive power and utilization of these imaging approaches and new approaches focusing on detection, stratification and prognostication are showing encouraging results. We review the current landscape of these imaging modalities and AI approaches as applied in COVID-19 management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32703538/ doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.06.009 id: cord-346346-h09pn9sh author: Shaikh, Sana title: Management of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 5672.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346346-h09pn9sh.txt summary: Management of COVID-19 associated AKI with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) should follow existing recommendations regarding modality, dose, and timing of initiation. Escalating dosages of intravenous loop diuretics in patients with volume overload, intravenous sodium bicarbonate solution in patients with severe metabolic acidosis, and use of rapid acting potassium binders like sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the recommended modality for management of AKI in patients with hemodynamic instability 20 . KRT during acute surge in the hospitals has been extremely challenging, as institutions Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the recommended modality for management of AKI in patients with hemodynamic instability 20 . Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: The SPLIT Randomized Clinical Trial Delayed versus early initiation of renal replacement therapy for severe acute kidney injury: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials abstract: Abstract Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Similar to AKI associated with other conditions such as sepsis and cardiac surgery, morbidity and mortality are much higher in patients with COVID-19 who develop AKI, especially in the intensive care unit. Management of COVID-19 associated AKI with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) should follow existing recommendations regarding modality, dose, and timing of initiation. However, patients with COVID-19 are very hypercoagulable and close vigilance to anticoagulation strategies is necessary to prevent circuit clotting. During situations of acute surge, where demand for KRT outweighs supplies, conservative measures have to be implemented to safely delay KRT. A collaborative effort and careful planning is needed to conserve dialysis supplies, to ensure that treatment can be safely delivered to every patient who will benefit for KRT. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S154855952030118X doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.08.002 id: cord-324246-liyk6mna author: Shakoor, Hira title: Be well: A potential role for vitamin B in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 2240.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324246-liyk6mna.txt summary: Vitamin B assists in proper activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, improves respiratory function, maintains endothelial integrity, prevents hypercoagulability and can reduce the length of stay in hospital [7, 8] . In a recent preprint it is suggested that PLP supplementation mitigates COVID-19 symptoms by regulating immune responses, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, maintaining endothelial integrity and preventing hypercoagulability [22] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Vitamin B not only helps to build and maintain a healthy immune system but it could potentially prevent or reduce COVID-19 symptoms or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, vitamin B modulates immune response by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation, reducing breathing difficulty and gastrointestinal problems, preventing hypercoagulability, potentially improving outcomes and reducing the length of stay in the hospital for COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: http://www.maturitas.org/article/S0378512220303480/pdf doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.007 id: cord-234918-puunbcio author: Shalu, Hrithwik title: A Data-Efficient Deep Learning Based Smartphone Application For Detection Of Pulmonary Diseases Using Chest X-rays date: 2020-08-19 words: 4876.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt txt: ./txt/cord-234918-puunbcio.txt summary: The scarcity of training data and class imbalance issues were effectively tackled in our approach by the use of Data Augmentation Generative Adversarial Network (DAGAN) and model architecture based as a Convolutional Siamese Network with attention mechanism. In [9] the authors proposed a modified CNN based on class decomposition, termed as Decompose Transfer Compose model to improve the performance of pre-trained models on the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest x-ray images. In [34] the authors proposed a pneumonia chest x-ray detection based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) with a fine-tuned deep transfer learning for a limited dataset. Detection of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Associated Pneumonia based on Generative Adversarial Networks and a Fine-Tuned Deep Transfer Learning Model using Chest X-ray Dataset abstract: This paper introduces a paradigm of smartphone application based disease diagnostics that may completely revolutionise the way healthcare services are being provided. Although primarily aimed to assist the problems in rendering the healthcare services during the coronavirus pandemic, the model can also be extended to identify the exact disease that the patient is caught with from a broad spectrum of pulmonary diseases. The app inputs Chest X-Ray images captured from the mobile camera which is then relayed to the AI architecture in a cloud platform, and diagnoses the disease with state of the art accuracy. Doctors with a smartphone can leverage the application to save the considerable time that standard COVID-19 tests take for preliminary diagnosis. The scarcity of training data and class imbalance issues were effectively tackled in our approach by the use of Data Augmentation Generative Adversarial Network (DAGAN) and model architecture based as a Convolutional Siamese Network with attention mechanism. The backend model was tested for robustness us-ing publicly available datasets under two different classification scenarios(Binary/Multiclass) with minimal and noisy data. The model achieved pinnacle testing accuracy of 99.30% and 98.40% on the two respective scenarios, making it completely reliable for its users. On top of that a semi-live training scenario was introduced, which helps improve the app performance over time as data accumulates. Overall, the problems of generalisability of complex models and data inefficiency is tackled through the model architecture. The app based setting with semi live training helps in ease of access to reliable healthcare in the society, as well as help ineffective research of rare diseases in a minimal data setting. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08912v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-312029-xsojdbdk author: Sham, Lauren title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia date: 2020-10-02 words: 1429.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312029-xsojdbdk.txt summary: title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia As requirements for physical distancing have led to restrictions on the availability of health care services, many countries have adapted methods of telemedicine to sustain care access for patients [1] , while making difficult decisions surrounding which aspects of direct clinical care can be deferred and the time span acceptable for delaying chronic medical care [2] . The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia Beyond our original goals, this program has provided a unique model of health care access for a chronic medical condition during times of infectious disease outbreaks requiring physical distancing, which is feasible to implement in a developing region where telehealth mechanisms are limited. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110529/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020329 id: cord-306227-63qvvkvk author: Shammi, Mashura title: Strategic assessment of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: comparative lockdown scenario analysis, public perception, and management for sustainability date: 2020-07-18 words: 9355.0 sentences: 460.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306227-63qvvkvk.txt summary: This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. First of all, the government should come up with a comprehensive strategic plan accompanied by non-governmental and social organizations and law enforcement to analyse the spread of the virus, identifying the most vulnerable hosts, properly tracked the movement of general people, precise estimation of economic losses from different financial and industrial sectors, educational diminutions and professional and informal employment disruption to picture an integrated scenario of the current situation and future predictions by which the revival of the negative aspects of the country could be managed. abstract: ABSTRACT: Community transmission of COVID-19 is happening in Bangladesh—the country which did not have a noteworthy health policy and legislative structures to combat a pandemic like COVID-19. Early strategic planning and groundwork for evolving and established challenges are crucial to assemble resources and react in an appropriate timely manner. This article, therefore, focuses on the public perception of comparative lockdown scenario analysis and how they may affect the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the strategic management regime of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh socio-economically as well as the implications of the withdrawal of partial lockdown plan. Scenario-based public perceptions were collected via a purposive sampling survey method through a questionnaire. Datasets were analysed through a set of statistical techniques including classical test theory, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, Pearson’s correlation matrix and linear regression analysis. There were good associations among the lockdown scenarios and response strategies to be formulated. Scenario 1 describes how the death and infection rate will increase if the Bangladesh Government withdraws the existing partial lockdown. Scenario 2 outlines that limited people’s movement will enable low-level community transmission of COVID-19 with the infection and death rate will increase slowly (r = 0.540, p < 0.01). Moreover, there will be less supply of necessities of daily use with a price hike (r = 0.680, p < 0.01). In scenario 3, full lockdown will reduce community transmission and death from COVID-19 (r = 0.545, p < 0.01). However, along with the other problems gender discrimination and gender-based violence will increase rapidly (r = 0.661, p < 0.01). Due to full lockdown, the formal and informal business, economy, and education sector will be hampered severely (R = 0.695). Subsequently, there was a strong association between the loss of livelihood and the unemployment rate which will increase due to business shutdown (p < 0.01). This will lead to the severe sufferings of poor and vulnerable communities in both urban and rural areas (p < 0.01). All these will further aggravate the humanitarian needs of the most vulnerable groups in the country in the coming months to be followed which will undoubtedly affect the Bangladesh targets to achieve the SDGs of 2030 and other development plans that need to be adjusted. From our analysis, it was apparent that maintaining partial lockdown with business and economic activities with social distancing and public health guidelines is the best strategy to maintain. However, as the government withdrew the partial lockdown, inclusive and transparent risk communication towards the public should be followed. Recovery and strengthening of the health sector, economy, industry, agriculture, and food security should be focused on under the “new normal standard of life” following health guidelines and social distancing. Proper response plans and strategic management are necessary for the sustainability of the nation. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-00867-y id: cord-348422-werg9ofa author: Shamsah, Mohammed A title: Right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report date: 2020-09-04 words: 1883.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348422-werg9ofa.txt summary: 3 However, the case reported here represents an example of the need for therapeutic anticoagulant therapy in a specific group of severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients. We started the patient on high-dose norepinephrine, dobutamine, and vasopressin infusions, but his systolic pressure barely reached 90 mmHg. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was performed because of refractory shock, and catheter-directed thrombolysis with a 24-h infusion of alteplase was administered, followed by an infusion of unfractionated heparin. Some emerging case reports suggest that critically ill patients with COVID-19 develop complications from hypercoagulability, 5 including both pulmonary emboli 6 and microscopic thrombi. Thus, the hypercoagulable state in patients with COVID-19 is similar to that found in compensated DIC and might explain the absence of VA-ECMO was a lifesaving rescue therapy for our patient because of the high-risk, acute, massive pulmonary embolism. We believe that this is the first reported case of COVID-19 pneumonia with massive pulmonary embolism that was managed successfully with VA-ECMO and thrombolysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: Significant coagulopathy and hyperinflammation are found in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Expert consensus has recommended prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of thrombo-embolism. However, the use of therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients is still a matter of debate. CASE SUMMARY: We describe a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and a clinical hyperinflammatory state. He developed early respiratory depression and required ventilation, and he subsequently developed haemodynamic instability. Point-of-care echocardiography demonstrated a right atrial thrombus and right ventricular dysfunction suggestive of acute massive pulmonary embolism. He was managed with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and local thrombolysis. DISCUSSION: Critical cases of COVID-19 pneumonia are associated with hypercoagulation, and these patients should be monitored closely for complications. Therapeutic anticoagulation may play a role in the management and prevention of thrombo-embolism. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa296 doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa296 id: cord-259793-pue0mv99 author: Shamshiripour, Ali title: How is COVID-19 reshaping activity-travel behavior? Evidence from a comprehensive survey in Chicago date: 2020-09-06 words: 7748.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259793-pue0mv99.txt summary: Combining stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) methods, the survey was structured to collect information in three major categories: 1) socio-demographic details such as residential location, age, gender, race, as well as the economic factors including individual job categories and annual household income; 2) health-related factors such as weight and height, and physical exercise habits, as well as COVID-19 exposure risk factors such as having pre-existing medical conditions and being in close contact with a confirmed case; and 3) an extensive set of questions about people''s attitudes and perceptions, habits, and daily activity-travel behavior. The previous sections discussed the dynamics of various aspects of activity-travel behavior and perceptions impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and this section seeks to put the results into perspective for transportation planning and offer insights for future research. abstract: The novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused upheaval around the world and has led to drastic changes in our daily routines. Long-established routines such as commuting to workplace and in-store shopping are being replaced by telecommuting and online shopping. Many of these shifts were already underway for a long time, but the pandemic has accelerated them remarkably. This research is an effort to investigate how and to what extent people's mobility-styles and habitual travel behaviors have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore whether these changes will persist afterward or will bounce back to the pre-pandemic situation. To do so, a stated preference-revealed preference (SP-RP) survey is designed and implemented in the Chicago metropolitan area. The survey incorporates a comprehensive set of questions associated with individuals' travel behaviors, habits, and perceptions before and during the pandemic, as well as their expectations about the future. Analysis of the collected data reveals significant changes in various aspects of people's travel behavior. We also provide several insights for policymakers to be able to proactively plan for more equitable, sustainable, and resilient cities. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590198220301275 doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100216 id: cord-273646-ne7qfjd6 author: Shan Chan, Christine Hui title: Safeguarding Non-COVID-19 Research: Looking Up from Ground Zero date: 2020-05-30 words: 1049.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273646-ne7qfjd6.txt summary: Worldwide, as resources are directed toward accelerating the research into unravelling the mechanism of COVID-19 pathophysiology, concerns have been raised regarding the future of clinical research in United Kingdom and elsewhere during the current pandemic. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions due to lock-down is most acutely felt by scientists working on non-COVID-19 biomedical research bench and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions has been most acutely felt primarily by biomedical scientists working on non-COVID-19 bench research and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased (4). However, in implementing safe guarding measures and processes for non-COVID-19 biomedical research during this pandemic, the voices from ground zero deserve to be heard. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has kicked off a global race to launch clinical trials of experimental vaccines and treatments for the coronavirus. Worldwide, as resources are directed toward accelerating the research into unravelling the mechanism of COVID-19 pathophysiology, concerns have been raised regarding the future of clinical research in United Kingdom and elsewhere during the current pandemic. However, the real immediate impact of these restrictions due to lock-down is most acutely felt by scientists working on non-COVID-19 biomedical research bench and clinical researchers whose drug trials have to be delayed, suspended or ceased. Here, we highlight our views from "ground zero" as we represent those whose work are deeply affected by the restrictions. We draw attention to some of the practical realities and emotions experienced in the laboratory. In addition, we also highlight the difficulties for policy makers to maintain equanimity in prioritizing their decisions cross the different fields of science. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0188440920308614 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.05.023 id: cord-159554-50077dgk author: Shan, Fei title: Lung Infection Quantification of COVID-19 in CT Images with Deep Learning date: 2020-03-10 words: 3544.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-159554-50077dgk.txt summary: For fast manual delineation of training samples and possible manual intervention of automatic results, a human-in-the-loop (HITL) strategy has been adopted to assist radiologists for infection region segmentation, which dramatically reduced the total segmentation time to 4 minutes after 3 iterations of model updating. By reducing and combining feature map channels, not only the model size and inference time are greatly reduced, but also cross-channel features are effectively fused via convolusion, which makes VB-Net more applicable to deal with large 3D volumetric data than traditional V-Net. Training samples with detailed delineation of each infection region are required for the proposed VB-Net. However, it is a labor-intensive work for radiologists to annotate hundreds of COVID-19 CT scans. To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of segmentation and measurement, infection regions on 300 CT scans of 300 COVID-19 patients were manually contoured by two radiologists (W.S. and F.S., with 12 and 19 years of experience in chest radiology, respectively) to serve as the reference standard. abstract: CT imaging is crucial for diagnosis, assessment and staging COVID-19 infection. Follow-up scans every 3-5 days are often recommended for disease progression. It has been reported that bilateral and peripheral ground glass opacification (GGO) with or without consolidation are predominant CT findings in COVID-19 patients. However, due to lack of computerized quantification tools, only qualitative impression and rough description of infected areas are currently used in radiological reports. In this paper, a deep learning (DL)-based segmentation system is developed to automatically quantify infection regions of interest (ROIs) and their volumetric ratios w.r.t. the lung. The performance of the system was evaluated by comparing the automatically segmented infection regions with the manually-delineated ones on 300 chest CT scans of 300 COVID-19 patients. For fast manual delineation of training samples and possible manual intervention of automatic results, a human-in-the-loop (HITL) strategy has been adopted to assist radiologists for infection region segmentation, which dramatically reduced the total segmentation time to 4 minutes after 3 iterations of model updating. The average Dice simiarility coefficient showed 91.6% agreement between automatic and manual infaction segmentations, and the mean estimation error of percentage of infection (POI) was 0.3% for the whole lung. Finally, possible applications, including but not limited to analysis of follow-up CT scans and infection distributions in the lobes and segments correlated with clinical findings, were discussed. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.04655v3.pdf doi: nan id: cord-322099-mb17dnf2 author: Shanahan, Lilly title: Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study date: 2020-06-23 words: 5539.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322099-mb17dnf2.txt summary: Emotional distress (perceived stress, internalizing symptoms, and anger), COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies were measured during the pandemic/lockdown when participants were aged 22. CONCLUSIONS: In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults'' emotional distress than COVID-19-related health risk exposures. In addition, we assessed stressors related to secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. economic and lifestyle disruptions); and also hopelessness, low trust in societal responses to the pandemic, and frequent COVID-19-related news-seeking as factors that could be associated with increased emotional distress. In addition, pre-pandemic social stressors, stressful life events, low generalized trust, poor self-rated health, and concurrent pandemic-related stressors (i.e. during-pandemic lifestyle and economic disruptions, loss of occupation/education) and other risks (e.g. hopelessness and low trust in responses) were associated with during-pandemic distress. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated lockdown could be considered a ‘perfect storm’ for increases in emotional distress. Such increases can only be identified by studies that use data collected before and during the pandemic. Longitudinal data are also needed to examine (1) the roles of previous distress and stressors in emotional distress during the pandemic and (2) how COVID-19-related stressors and coping strategies are associated with emotional distress when pre-pandemic distress is accounted for. METHODS: Data came from a cohort study (N = 768). Emotional distress (perceived stress, internalizing symptoms, and anger), COVID-19-related stressors, and coping strategies were measured during the pandemic/lockdown when participants were aged 22. Previous distress and stressors were measured before COVID-19 (at age 20). RESULTS: On average, participants showed increased levels of perceived stress and anger (but not internalizing symptoms) during the pandemic compared to before. Pre-COVID-19 emotional distress was the strongest predictor of during-pandemic emotional distress, followed by during-pandemic economic and psychosocial stressors (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions) and hopelessness, and pre-pandemic social stressors (e.g. bullying victimization and stressful life events). Most health risks to self or loved ones due to COVID-19 were not uniquely associated with emotional distress in final models. Coping strategies associated with reduced distress included keeping a daily routine, physical activity, and positive reappraisal/reframing. CONCLUSIONS: In our community sample, pre-pandemic distress, secondary consequences of the pandemic (e.g. lifestyle and economic disruptions), and pre-pandemic social stressors were more consistently associated with young adults' emotional distress than COVID-19-related health risk exposures. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329172000241x doi: 10.1017/s003329172000241x id: cord-345725-8ijgmbmr author: Shang, Jingjing title: COVID-19 Preparedness in U.S. Home Healthcare Agencies date: 2020-06-04 words: 1288.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345725-8ijgmbmr.txt summary: Abstract Objectives In the U.S., home health agencies (HHAs) provide essential services for patients recovering from post-acute-care and older adults who are aging in place. Many HHAs reported accessing supplemental PPE from state/local resources, 23 donations, and do-it-yourself efforts; more rural HHAs had accessed these additional resources 24 compared to urban HHAs. 25 Conclusions/Implications: This survey reveals challenges that HHAs are having in responding 26 to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among urban agencies. 2 During the COVID-19 pandemic, 35 caring for this group of vulnerable patients at home is complicated and issues may differ in urban 36 and rural settings. Our objective was to explore the COVID-19 preparedness of U.S. home 37 healthcare agencies (HHAs) and examine any urban and rural differences. Most HHAs had an emergency preparedness plan in place, and despite regional 143 differences in COVID-19 cases, the majority of responding agencies were caring for (or had The current/anticipated shortages of PPE and other supplies remain the largest concern. abstract: Abstract Objectives In the U.S., home health agencies (HHAs) provide essential services for patients recovering from post-acute-care and older adults who are aging in place. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HHAs may face additional challenges caring for these vulnerable patients. Our objective was to explore COVID-19 preparedness of U.S. HHAs and compare results by urban/rural location. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting/Participants Using a stratified random sample of 978 HHAs, we conducted a 22-item online survey from April 10 to 17, 2020. Methods Summary statistics were computed; open-ended narrative responses were synthesized using qualitative methods. Results Similar to national data, most responding HHAs (n=121, 12% response rate) were for-profit and located in the South. A majority of HHAs had infectious disease outbreaks included in their emergency preparedness plan (76%), a staff member in charge of outbreak/disaster preparedness (84%), and had provided their staff with COVID-19 education and training (97%). More urban HHAs had cared for confirmed and recovered COVID-19 patients than rural HHAs, but urban HHAs had less capacity to test for COVID-19 than rural HHAs (9% vs 21%). Most (69%) experienced patient census declines and had a current and/or anticipated supply shortage. Rural agencies were impacted less than urban agencies. HHAs have already rationed (69%) or implemented extended use (55%) or limited reuse (61%) of personal protective equipment (PPE). Many HHAs reported accessing supplemental PPE from state/local resources, donations, and do-it-yourself efforts; more rural HHAs had accessed these additional resources compared to urban HHAs. Conclusions/Implications This survey reveals challenges that HHAs are having in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among urban agencies. Of greatest concern are the declines in patient census, which drastically impact agency revenue, and the shortages of PPE and disinfectants. Without proper protection, HHA clinicians are at risk of self-exposure and viral transmission to patients and vulnerable family members. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020304904?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.002 id: cord-292296-nocmabcg author: Shang, L. title: Fangcang shelter hospitals in COVID-19 pandemic: the practice and its significance date: 2020-05-01 words: 1574.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292296-nocmabcg.txt summary: This paper was the first to report the clinical characteristics of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in a Fangcang shelter hospital. As Fangcang shelter hospitals or their equivalents are being built worldwide, it is important to investigate the laboratory characteristics of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to optimise patient management. Identifying risk factors for disease progression in individuals with mild-to-moderate disease is important for optimal triage and management of patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals or their equivalents around the world. Although the names and admission criteria may differ among facilities, the core concept is to completely isolate mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals, not in homes, thus reducing household and community transmission. Fangcang shelter hospitals are a novel approach for responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and have provided isolation, triage, timely and high-quality medical care, disease monitoring and referral, and social engagement for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360781/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.038 id: cord-272796-7br822q3 author: Shang, Luxiang title: Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Severe Infection and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 words: 2740.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272796-7br822q3.txt summary: Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, MedRxiv and COVID-19 academic research communication platform for studies reporting clinical severity and/or overall mortality data on DM in patients with COVID-19 published up to July 10, 2020. Forth, the majority of the included studies in our meta-analysis were retrospective case-control studies, as the disease spreads around the world, it is hoped that other cohort studies and randomized studies will report more clinical data to verify our results, and further examine the effect of DM type, DM duration, presence of DM-related complications and glycaemic controls on prognosis of COVID-19. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center abstract: Abstract Background and Aim Currently, the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is increasing rapidly worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess whether diabetes mellitus (DM) would increase the risk of severe infection and death in patients with COVID-19. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, MedRxiv and COVID-19 academic research communication platform for studies reporting clinical severity and/or overall mortality data on DM in patients with COVID-19 published up to July 10, 2020. The primary outcome was to compare the severe infection rate and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with and without DM, and to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 77 studies involving 32,015 patients with COVID-19 were included in our meta-analysis. COVID-19 patients with DM had higher severe infection and case-mortality rates compared with those without DM (21.4 vs. 10.5% and 28.3 vs. 13.1%, respectively, all p <0.01). COVID-19 patients with DM were at significantly elevated risk of severe infection (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.10-2.95, p <0.001) and mortality (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.80-2.47, p <0.001). Conclusion DM is associated with increased risk of severe infection and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Our study suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to the monitoring and treatment of COVID-19 patients with DM. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0188440920306810 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.005 id: cord-316647-jj8anf5g author: Shang, You title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 words: 13583.0 sentences: 668.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt summary: RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Statement 8 Convalescent plasma therapy should probably be used for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Grade 2+, weak recommendation). However, critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a longer mechanical ventilation time, and daily sedatives interruption is not suggested for patients receiving deep sedation in order to reduce lung damage during early stage of severe ARDS. Light sedation is suggested for severe COVID-19 patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and also for critically ill patients in the recovering stage (expert opinion). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements from front-line experts in the field of intensive care are urgently needed. METHODS: Sixteen front-line experts in China fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan were organized to develop an expert statement after 5 rounds of expert seminars and discussions to provide trustworthy recommendation on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Each expert was assigned tasks within their field of expertise to provide draft statements and rationale. Parts of the expert statement are based on epidemiological and clinical evidence, without available scientific evidences. RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among them, 5 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 21 were weak (Grade 2), and 20 were experts’ opinions. A strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all recommendations. CONCLUSION: There are still no targeted therapies for COVID-19 patients. Dynamic monitoring and supportive treatment for the restoration of tissue vascularization and organ function are particularly important. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 id: cord-306690-s5mxes4r author: Shangguan, Ziheng title: What Caused the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: From the Perspective of Crisis Management date: 2020-05-08 words: 8704.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306690-s5mxes4r.txt summary: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China''s current management system and public health policy. Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 8 December 2019 [1] , COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and infected over three million people worldwide (as of 28 April 2020), causing a worldwide public health crisis. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis from the aspects of China''s current management system and public health policy. abstract: Since the first known case of a COVID-19 infected patient in Wuhan, China on 8 December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries, causing a worldwide public health crisis. The existing literature fails to examine what caused this sudden outbreak from a crisis management perspective. This article attempts to fill this research gap through analysis of big data, officially released information and other social media sources to understand the root cause of the crisis as it relates to China’s current management system and public health policy. The article draws the following conclusions: firstly, strict government control over information was the main reason for the early silencing of media announcements, which directly caused most people to be unprepared and unaware of COVID-19. Secondly, a choice between addressing a virus with an unknown magnitude and nature, and mitigating known public panic during a politically and culturally sensitive time, lead to falsehood and concealment. Thirdly, the weak autonomous management power of local public health management departments is not conducive for providing a timely response to the crisis. Finally, the privatization of many state-owned hospitals led to the unavailability of public health medical resources to serve affected patients in the Wuhan and Hubei Province. This article suggests that China should adopt a Singaporean-style public health crisis information management system to ensure information disclosure and information symmetry and should use it to monitor public health crises in real time. In addition, the central government should adopt the territorial administration model of a public health crisis and increase investment in public health in China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397199/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093279 id: cord-305856-xt3zxajf author: Shanmugam, Chandrakumar title: COVID-2019 – A comprehensive pathology insight date: 2020-09-18 words: 4597.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305856-xt3zxajf.txt summary: Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. The current pandemic of corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) led to complete lockdown in many countries contributing to major socio-economic crisis and irreparable recession, globally. [22, 31, 32, 33] Similar to SARS CoV, a recent study reported non-O blood group specifically group A had higher infection and death rates due to COVID-19 owing to absence of protective anti-A IgM antibodies. Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China abstract: Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. The lungs are the main organs affected leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure in severe cases that may need mechanical ventilation. Occasionally patient may present with gastro-intestinal, cardiac and neurologic symptoms with or without lung involvement. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily. Currently the treatment is principally symptomatic and prevention by proper use of personal protective equipment and other measures is crucial to limit the spread. In the midst of pandemic there is paucity of literature on pathological features including pathogenesis, hence in this review we provide the current pathology centered understanding of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathogenetic pathway is pivotal in the development of therapeutic targets. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979742/ doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153222 id: cord-269280-1zbxjmxu author: Shao, Connie title: The COVID trolley dilemma date: 2020-05-14 words: 2900.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269280-1zbxjmxu.txt summary: As the first wave of this pandemic subsides, hospital systems are faced with prioritizing which surgical services can resume while simultaneously minimizing the disruption of ongoing care for the remaining COVID-19 patients. Patients requiring oncologic surgery now face a "double jeopardy" of increased exposure to COVID-19 due to frequent interactions with medical facilities, but also worse outcomes associated with delaying surgery. As the immediate wave of morbidity and mortality associated directly with the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the effects of delaying both diagnosis and surgery will be revealed. Guidelines, such as those created by ACS, for careful and precarious resumption of local "elective" surgeries are moot when conservation efforts are overrun by an uncontrolled Ro. At a time that we do not have herd immunity and a vaccine does not yet exist, government-mandated orders are necessary to protect our patients, ourselves, and those who will become our patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.012 id: cord-254727-d1pgjtjh author: Shao, Fei title: In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-10 words: 2975.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254727-d1pgjtjh.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. CONCLUSION: Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to present the clinical characteristics; clinical outcomes, including return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); and 30-day survival of patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA at the west campus of Union Hospital in Wuhan. We collected demographic, clinical, and outcome data of treated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and IHCA from an electronic medical record according Utstein style guidelines during the 40 days. In our study, there were numerous patients with severe pneumonia who were resuscitated in the general ward, resulting in a poor outcome when compared with those who received intensive care in the ICU. The overall ROSC and 30-day survival rates of IHCA patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan were poor. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. METHODS: The outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA over a 40-day period were retrospectively evaluated. Between January 15 and February 25, 2020, data for all cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts for IHCA that occurred in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan, China were collected according to the Utstein style. The primary outcome was restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcomes were 30-day survival, and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Data from 136 patients showed 119 (87.5%) patients had a respiratory cause for their cardiac arrest, and 113 (83.1%) were resuscitated in a general ward. The initial rhythm was asystole in 89.7%, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 4.4%, and shockable in 5.9%. Most patients with IHCA were monitored (93.4%) and in most resuscitation (89%) was initiated <1 min. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days and the time from illness onset to hospital admission was 10 days. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (30.2%), and the most frequent symptom was shortness of breath (75%). Of the patients receiving CPR, ROSC was achieved in 18 (13.2%) patients, 4 (2.9%) patients survived for at least 30 days, and one patient achieved a favourable neurological outcome at 30 days. Cardiac arrest location and initial rhythm were associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSION: Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300957220301428 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.005 id: cord-298127-zp8kze6t author: Shao, Fei title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience date: 2020-05-11 words: 410.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298127-zp8kze6t.txt summary: title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of inpatients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: the Wuhan experience We have previously reported outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. 1 Here we report our personal experience of prevention, treatment and staff safety for IHCA patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All critically-ill patients with COVID-19 should be evaluated for the risk of cardiac arrest. In addition assessment of myocardial injury caused by COVID-19 by monitoring myocardial enzymes, brain natriuretic peptides, and ultrasound, and ECG for arrhythmia may have prevented some cardiac arrests. We observed that cardiac arrest In our opinion, medical personnel should wear high-level personal protection equipment (PPE), including N95 masks, gowns, gloves, goggles, visors, and a powered air-purifying respirator at the beginning of each work shift and during CPR. In our experience, the PPE can loosen and the mask can slip during chest compression. In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030095722030188X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.009 id: cord-320460-7b8lqhl8 author: Shapira, G. title: Ethnic differences in SERPINA1 allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID-19 fatality rates date: 2020-08-26 words: 1969.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320460-7b8lqhl8.txt summary: We present preliminary evidence that these variations may in part reflect ethnic differences in the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of SERPINA1, coding for alpha-1 antitrypsin, the major blood serine protease inhibitor. We examined if population variations in human serine protease inhibitor (serpin) genes may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection rates and fatalities in East and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to other regions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.20179226 doi: medRxiv preprint carrier frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency PiZ and PiS alleles in East and Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in these regions. It is made available under a perpetuity.is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprintThe copyright holder for this this version posted August 26, 2020. abstract: COVID-19 infection and fatality rates vary considerably between countries. We present preliminary evidence that these variations may in part reflect ethnic differences in the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of SERPINA1, coding for alpha-1 antitrypsin, the major blood serine protease inhibitor. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.24.20179226v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20179226 id: cord-347360-l1v93av4 author: Shapira, Guy title: Ethnic differences in alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID‐19 fatality rates date: 2020-09-22 words: 2433.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347360-l1v93av4.txt summary: Our study compared reported national estimates for the major alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles PiZ and PiS (SERPINA1 rs28929474 and rs17580, respectively) with the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center dataset. We found a significant positive correlation (R = .54, P = 1.98e−6) between the combined frequencies of the alpha‐1 antitrypsin PiZ and PiS deficiency alleles in 67 countries and their reported COVID‐19 mortality rates. We examined if population variations in human serine protease inhibitor (serpin) genes may help explain the lower COVID-19 infection rates and fatalities in East and Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to other regions. Considering the above, we propose that the low carrier frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency PiZ and PiS alleles in East and Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African F I G U R E 1 Demographics of national alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and COVID-19 fatality rates per 1,000 population. abstract: Infection rates, severity, and fatalities due to COVID‐19, the pandemic mediated by SARS‐CoV‐2, vary greatly between countries. With few exceptions, these are lower in East and Southeast Asian and Sub‐Saharan African countries compared with other regions. Epidemiological differences may reflect differences in border closures, lockdowns, and social distancing measures taken by each county, and by cultural differences, such as common use of face masks in East and Southeast Asian countries. The plasma serine protease inhibitor alpha‐1 antitrypsin was suggested to protect from COVID‐19 by inhibiting TMPRSS2, a cell surface serine protease essential for the SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry. Here, we present evidence that population differences in alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in the COVID‐19 epidemiology. Our study compared reported national estimates for the major alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles PiZ and PiS (SERPINA1 rs28929474 and rs17580, respectively) with the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center dataset. We found a significant positive correlation (R = .54, P = 1.98e−6) between the combined frequencies of the alpha‐1 antitrypsin PiZ and PiS deficiency alleles in 67 countries and their reported COVID‐19 mortality rates. Our observations suggest that alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles may contribute to national differences in COVID‐19 infection, severity, and mortality rates. Population‐wide screening for carriers of alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency alleles should be considered for prioritizing individuals for stricter social distancing measures and for receiving a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine once it becomes available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960480/ doi: 10.1096/fj.202002097 id: cord-305025-pqye1ebh author: Sharifi, Majid title: Rapid diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 in early stages using nanobiosensors: challenges and opportunities date: 2020-09-28 words: 3583.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305025-pqye1ebh.txt summary: The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world is a tragic and shocking event that demonstrates the unpreparedness of humans to develop quick diagnostic platforms for novel infectious diseases. In conclusion, it can be deduced that as rapid COVID-19 detection infection can play a vital role in disease control and treatment, this review may be of great help for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak by providing some necessary information for the development of portable, accurate, selectable and simple nanobiosensors. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid 637 protein in human serum using a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence fiber-optic 638 RNA as a control for multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR detection of influenza 790 virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification 829 method for rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Rapid COVID-19 detection causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human 933 nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor abstract: The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) around the world is a tragic and shocking event that demonstrates the unpreparedness of humans to develop quick diagnostic platforms for novel infectious diseases. In fact, statistical reports of diagnostic tools show that their accuracy, specificity and sensitivity in the detection of COVID-face challenges that can be eliminated by using nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we aimed to present an overview on the most important way to diagnose different kinds of viruses followed by the introduction of nanobiosensors. Afterward, some methods of coronavirus detection such as imaging, laboratory and kit-based diagnostic tests are surveyed. Furthermore, nucleic acids/protein- and-immunoglobulin (Ig)-based nanobiosensors for the COVID-19 detection infection are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future perspective for the development of diagnostic or monitoring technologies in the control of COVID-19 are discussed to persuade the scientists in advancing their technologies beyond imagination. In conclusion, it can be deduced that as rapid COVID-19 detection infection can play a vital role in disease control and treatment, this review may be of great help for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak by providing some necessary information for the development of portable, accurate, selectable and simple nanobiosensors. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0039914020309954 doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121704 id: cord-314826-usfvulc2 author: Sharifipour, Ehsan title: Evaluation of bacterial co-infections of the respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU date: 2020-09-01 words: 4341.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314826-usfvulc2.txt summary: In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. Although COVID-19 associated deaths have mainly occurred in the elderly with serious underlying diseases [3] , nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in intensive care units remains a major risk factor for the patients and the health of patients, especially when intubated, may deteriorate in the presence of lower respiratory tract infections. Some studies have shown that viral agents such as influenza viruses can be associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia that might occur throughout hospitalization and lead to the death of individuals with or without preexisting respiratory diseases [8] . Therefore, our aim was to evaluate secondary bacterial infections and their antibiotic resistance in COVID-19 positive patients admitted to ICUs in Qom, the first city in Iran to report COVID-19 disease [14] . However, further work is required to investigate whether there are increased mortality rates associated with patients co-infected with COVID-19 and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is known as a new viral infection. Viral-bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in increased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients. Hence, we designed the current study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. METHODS: Nineteen patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. Endotracheal aspirate samples were also collected and cultured on different media to support the growth of the bacteria. After incubation, formed colonies on the media were identified using Gram staining and other biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations. RESULTS: Of nineteen COVID-19 patients, 11 (58%) patients were male and 8 (42%) were female, with a mean age of ~ 67 years old. The average ICU length of stay was ~ 15 days and at the end of the study, 18 cases (95%) expired and only was 1 case (5%) discharged. In total, all patients were found positive for bacterial infections, including seventeen Acinetobacter baumannii (90%) and two Staphylococcus aureus (10%) strains. There was no difference in the bacteria species detected in any of the sampling points. Seventeen of 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to the evaluated antibiotics. No metallo-beta-lactamases -producing Acinetobacter baumannii strain was found. One of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and isolated from the patient who died, while another Staphylococcus aureus strain was susceptible to tested drugs and identified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to bacterial co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873235/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05374-z id: cord-268470-dgxn32ls author: Sharma, Abhishek title: Obesity is Associated with More Critical Illness in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-02 words: 933.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268470-dgxn32ls.txt summary: To the Editor: In follow-up to recent major state-of-the-art review on Obesity and Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), 1 we have additional data regarding the relationship of obesity with outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We performed a rapid review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether obesity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The following key words were used for search in different combinations: "Coronavirus 2019", "Covid-19", "SARS-CoV2", "Obesity", "Body mass index", and "Outcomes". The primary outcome was critical illness In this rapid review and meta-analysis, obesity was associated with a 39% increased risk of critical illness, defined by individual study protocol as ICU admission, need for IMV, or hospice admission or death. Despite these study limitations, however, our data of a 39% increase in worse outcomes associated with obesity strongly supports the recent paper in Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Factors associated with hospitalization and critical illness among 4,103 patients with COVID-19 disease in New York City abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.046 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.046 id: cord-026130-ki7bn67o author: Sharma, Anand Kumar title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 words: 5073.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt summary: In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that are typically mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), though rarer forms such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19 can be lethal [4] . Based on currently available information and clinical expertise, older adults of over 60 years and people of any age who have serious underlying medical conditions (comorbidities) might be at higher risk of developing the severe disease with SARS-CoV-2, which may even lead to death. As of April 22, 2020, more than 2.5 million people all over the world have tested positive for COVID19 countries including India have evaluated the pandemic situation and have taken the "extraordinary measures" of complete lockdown to contain the virus. abstract: The present outbreak of the novel coronavirus initially called as “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV” by the World Health Organization (WHO), is also known as “Wuhan coronavirus” or “Wuhan pneumonia”, as it started in the Wuhan city of China in early December of 2019. This new coronavirus-associated acute respiratory deadly disease is now officially named as Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by the WHO. From China, this epidemic has now spread to all over the world. On 11 March 2020, the WHO recognised COVID-19 as a pandemic. A pandemic refers to a disease that has spread to several countries, continents, if not worldwide. While the information available on this newly identified virus is limited and evolving, here is a quick run-down of what has been figured out so far. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274062/ doi: 10.1007/s12045-020-0981-3 id: cord-335272-jypxi99z author: Sharma, Anupam Joya title: A cross-sectional study of psychological wellbeing of Indian adults during the Covid-19 lockdown: Different strokes for different folks date: 2020-09-03 words: 9794.0 sentences: 515.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335272-jypxi99z.txt summary: Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative study findings suggested that greater frequency of calling family members during lockdown could strengthen social relationships and increase social empathy. In response, our study of Indian adults unpacks how social factors such as sexual orientation, relationship status, and residence in high-infection areas, could be linked with several psychological outcomes during the lockdown. Next, we fitted separate multivariable linear regression models to estimate the association of the independent variables (sexual orientation, relationship status, high-risk group, and living in a state with high number of cases) with psychological outcomes (anxiety, depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and pornography consumption) adjusted for the sociodemographic covariates-age, gender, annual income, educational qualification, place of residence-and for individual personal resources (optimism and resilience). Our quantitative and qualitative findings both suggest that LGBT adults, compared to the heterosexuals, are at a higher risk of developing anxiety, depressive symptoms, and using pornography during the lockdown. abstract: The psychological impacts of the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic are widely documented. In India, a family-centric society with a high population density and extreme social stratification, the impact of the lockdown might vary across diverse social groups. However, the patterning in the psychological impact of the lockdown among LGBT adults and persons known to be at higher risk of the complications of Covid-19 (such as persons with comorbidities or a history of mental illness) is not known in the Indian context. We used mixed methods (online survey, n = 282 and in-depth interviews, n = 14) to investigate whether the psychological influence of the lockdown was different across these groups of Indian adults. We fitted linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. Thematic analysis helped us identify emergent themes in our qualitative narratives. Anxiety was found to be higher among LGBT adults (β = 2.44, CI: 0.58, 4.31), the high-risk group (persons with comorbidities) (β = 2.20, CI:0.36, 4.05), and those with a history of depression/loneliness (β = 3.89, CI:2.34, 5.44). Persons belonging to the LGBT group reported a greater usage of pornography than the heterosexuals (β = 2.72, CI: 0.09, 5.36) during the lockdown. Qualitative findings suggested that LGBT adults likely used pornography and masturbation to cope with the lockdown, given the limited physical access to sexual partners in a society that stigmatizes homosexuality. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative study findings suggested that greater frequency of calling family members during lockdown could strengthen social relationships and increase social empathy. The study thereby urgently calls for the attention of policymakers to take sensitive and inclusive health-related decisions for the marginalized and the vulnerable, both during and after the crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238761 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238761 id: cord-283120-hyzk59qv author: Sharma, Ashish title: Liver disease and outcomes among COVID-19 hospitalized patients- a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-16 words: 2630.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283120-hyzk59qv.txt summary: In this meta-analysis, we aim to study the occurrence and association of liver injury, comorbid liver disease and elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 confirmed hospitalizations with outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from observational studies describing comorbid chronic liver disease, acute liver injury, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 was extracted following PRISMA guidelines. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of the comorbid chronic liver disease (CM-CLD), elevated liver enzymes and COVID-19 associated acute liver injury (COVID-19 ALI) in predicting the outcomes in confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The Maentel-Haenszel formula was used to calculate dichotomous variables to obtain odds ratios (ORs) along with its 95% confidence intervals to describe the association of comorbid liver disease, elevated liver enzymes, acute liver injury and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in each study. abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenge globally. In severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic 60% of patients had hepatic injury, due to phylogenetic similarities of the viruses it is assumed that COVID-19 is associated with acute liver injury. In this meta-analysis, we aim to study the occurrence and association of liver injury, comorbid liver disease and elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 confirmed hospitalizations with outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from observational studies describing comorbid chronic liver disease, acute liver injury, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 was extracted following PRISMA guidelines. Adverse outcomes were defined as admission to intensive care unit (ICU), oxygen saturation <90%, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), severe disease and in-hospital mortality. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were obtained. RESULTS: 24 studies with 12882 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Overall prevalence of CM-CLD was 2.6%, COVID-19-ALI was 26.5%, elevated AST was 41.1% and elevated ALT was 29.1%. CM-CLD had no significant association with poor outcomes (pooledOR:0.96;95%CI:0.71–1.29; p = 0.78). COVID-19-ALI (1.68;1.04–2.70; p = 0.03), elevated AST (2.98;2.35–3.77; p < 0.00001) and elevated ALT (1.85;1.49–2.29; p < 0.00001) were significantly associated with higher odds of poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that acute liver injury and elevated liver enzymes were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. Future studies should evaluate changing levels of biomarkers amongst liver disease patients to predict poor outcomes of COVID-19 and causes of liver injury during COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33075578/ doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.10.001 id: cord-299155-94jplecb author: Sharma, Dhruva title: Rationale of anticoagulation among patients of COVID-19 undergoing cardiac surgery date: 2020-07-21 words: 650.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299155-94jplecb.txt summary: In the current times when we are about to restart our elective cardiovascular thoracic surgical procedures and knowing that COVID-19 is significantly associated with abnormalities of coagulation axis, the author wants Indian Association of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons through the editor to come out with strict recommendation and guidelines regarding "Do''s and Dont''s" of surgical procedures for the next 6 months to 1 year till the time vaccine is available or adequate herd immunity develops. Nonetheless, after surgical procedure the patient will be discharged and will be sent back to community where he may develop asymptomatic as well as symptomatic COVID-19 infection, which may affect coagulation cascades of the body which might result in increased incidence of thrombosis associated with biprosthetic grafts, mechanical prosthetic valves, etc. Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-020-00989-y doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-00989-y id: cord-308762-lxhq9ga4 author: Sharma, Manoj Kumar title: Researcher Burnout: An Overlooked Aspect in Mental Health Research in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 1671.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308762-lxhq9ga4.txt summary: The COVID-19 related lockdown has also decreased the accessibility to research participants, in addition to existing challenges such as funding not coming through in time, the pressure to achieve results, to write grants, revise grant applications, and face non-acceptance of research grants proposals. The on-going uncertain situations concerning COVID-19 and uncertainties related to research progress appear to be a major contributor towards stress which is likely manifesting itself in researchers and their teams in terms of sleep disturbance, poor appetite, increased interpersonal problems, decreased motivation to continue with research demands, procrastination, absence of other offline leisure activities and experiencing guilt feelings for not completing work. Besides, a mental health pandemic may emerge which results from the experience of trauma, grief, social isolation, loneliness and as well from secondary impact of COVID-19 related quarantine and its associations with abrupt changes in lifestyle. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820304809 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102367 id: cord-353410-tbmtg88k author: Sharma, Shreela V. title: Using a rapid assessment methodology to identify and address immediate needs among low-income households with children during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 3942.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353410-tbmtg88k.txt summary: Due to COVID-19-related school closures, states were under "shelter in place" orders, and Brighter Bites administered a rapid assessment survey to identify social needs among their families. While overall results of the qualitative thematic analysis for the n = 1048 participants are presented elsewhere (Sharma et al., under review) , a qualitative analysis of participant responses in the high-risk group revealed four major themes presented in Table 2 : fear of contracting COVID-19, disruption of employment status, financial hardship, and exacerbated food insecurity. Conducting a COVID-19 rapid response survey was a purposeful decision on part of Brighter Bites to identify those with highest need during this time of crisis and develop a framework to immediately address a variety of social needs among those in the "high risk" category. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brighter Bites is a school-based health promotion program that delivers fresh produce and nutrition education to low-income children and families. Due to COVID-19-related school closures, states were under “shelter in place” orders, and Brighter Bites administered a rapid assessment survey to identify social needs among their families. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the methodology used to identify those with greatest social needs during this time (“high risk”), and to describe the response of Brighter Bites to these “high risk” families. METHODS: The rapid assessment survey was collected in April 2020 across Houston, Dallas, Washington DC, and Southwest Florida. The survey consisted of items on disruption of employment status, financial hardship, food insecurity, perceived health status and sociodemographics. The open-ended question “Please share your greatest concern at this time, or any other thoughts you would like to share with us.” was asked at the end of each survey to triage “high risk” families. Responses were then used to articulate a response to meet the needs of these high risk families. RESULTS: A total of 1048 families completed the COVID-19 rapid response survey, of which 71 families were triaged and classified as “high risk” (6.8% of survey respondents). During this time, 100% of the “high risk” participants reported being food insecure, 85% were concerned about their financial stability, 82% concerned about the availability of food, and 65% concerned about the affordability of food. A qualitative analysis of the high-risk group revealed four major themes: fear of contracting COVID19, disruption of employment status, financial hardship, and exacerbated food insecurity. In response, Brighter Bites pivoted, created, and deployed a framework to immediately address a variety of social needs among those in the “high risk” category. Administering a rapid response survey to identify the immediate needs of their families can help social service providers tailor their services to meet the needs of the most vulnerable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002052/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240009 id: cord-258137-np62exds author: Sharma, Surbhi title: Indians vs.COVID-19: The scenario of mental health date: 2020-09-07 words: 1663.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258137-np62exds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258137-np62exds.txt summary: COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by increased stress, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and panic amongst the people [9] . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Healthcare workers, unemployed/ poverty-stricken individuals, elderly people, children, pregnant women and those suffering from a pre-existing mental condition like obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and depression are likely to feel more distressed [5, [14] [15] [16] [17] . COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India Mental health of family, friends, and co-workers of COVID-19 patients in Japan Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review COVID 19 pandemic: Mental health challenges of internal migrant workers of India Effect of covid-19 pandemic on mental health among Albanian people residing in the country and abroad -Implications for mental care abstract: The fight with COVID-19 pandemic seems nowhere near the end and is extremely daunting. An upsurge in cases of mental illness in India post the pandemic is a clear indicator of its scary impact. The situation of lockdown is causing the feeling of distress, agitation and helplessness among the people. Healthcare workers, poverty-stricken people, elderly, kids and persons with some pre-existing medical condition are more vulnerable to anxiety currently. Practicing a healthy lifestyle; yoga, meditation, avoiding reading too much about the pandemic and being with family are the ways to assuage stress. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666351120300383?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100038 id: cord-255405-o8ilxqo1 author: Sharma, V. K. title: Modelling of Covid-19 cases in India using Regression and Time Series models date: 2020-05-25 words: 4021.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255405-o8ilxqo1.txt summary: In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of Covid-19 pandemic in India from March 4th to May 15th using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as Exponential Smoothing and Holt-Winters models. Further, we have searched the best fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and CAIC (Consistent Akaike Information Criterion) and forecasted the number of cases for future days. Ceylan [4] suggested the use of Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to develop and predict the epidemiological trend of Covid-19 for better allocation of resources and proper containment of the virus in Italy, Spain and France. In this article, we first study the growth curve using regression methods (exponential, linear and polynomial etc.) and propose an optimal model for fitting the cases till May 15 th . abstract: In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of Covid-19 pandemic in India from March 4th to May 15th using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as Exponential Smoothing and Holt-Winters models. We found that the growth of Covid-19 cases follows a power regime of (t2,t..)after the exponential growth. We have found the optimal change points from where the covid-19 cases shifts their course of growth from exponential to quadratic and then quadratic to linear. We have also found the best fitted regression models using the various criteria like- significant p-values, coefficients of determination R2 values and ANOVA etc. Further, we have searched the best fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and CAIC (Consistent Akaike Information Criterion) and forecasted the number of cases for future days. We have used the usual exponential smoothing and Holt-Winters models for the data. We further found that the ARIMA(2,2,0) model is the best-fitting model for Covid-19 cases in India. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20107540 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20107540 id: cord-349840-xs2chzmn author: Sharma, Varun Kumar title: COVID-19 and Anticoagulant based therapeutics: an approach with great promise date: 2020-10-07 words: 637.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349840-xs2chzmn.txt summary: Outcome based clinical observation revealed that about 46% patients with COVID-19 (globally) suffered coagulopathy condition and elevated levels of D-dimer (>0.5 mg/L) (Levi et al., 2020 , Guan et al., 2020 . Additionally, COVID-19 infected patients have higher risk of thrombotic disease including acute coronary syndrome, venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism, or stroke and increase risk of mortality (Watson et al., 2020) . Therefore, it has been assumed that suppressed coagulopathy based approach using anticoagulant could be one of the best options to improve the therapeutic possibilities to control COVID-19 pathogenesis and support the quality of life of patients. Anticoagulant therapy, mainly with low molecular weight heparin boost the survival rate of COVID-19 infected patients with coagulopathy (Tang et al., 2020) . Al, suggests that coagulopathy in COVID-19 infected patients is associated with antiphospholipid antibodies which include anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) (Zhang et al., 2020) . Figure 1: Anticoagulant based therapeutic could add health benefit to COVID-19 patients via suppressing coagulopathy. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876034120306705 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.014 id: cord-031460-nrxtfl3i author: Sharma, Vikas Kumar title: Modeling and Forecasting of COVID-19 Growth Curve in India date: 2020-09-05 words: 6139.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031460-nrxtfl3i.txt summary: In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in India from March 4 to July 11 using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as exponential smoothing and Holt–Winters models. Further, we search the best-fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and provide the forecast of COVID-19 cases for future days. Ceylan (2020) suggested the use of Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to develop and predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 for better allocation of resources and proper containment of the virus in Italy, Spain and France. In this article, we first study the growth curve using regression methods (exponential, linear and polynomial etc.) and propose an optimal model for fitting the cases till July 10. In order to find the optimal value of µ, i.e. the turning point between the exponential and polynomial growth, we will use the technique of minimizing the residual sum squares in "Analysis of COVID-19 Cases in India". abstract: In this article, we analyze the growth pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in India from March 4 to July 11 using regression analysis (exponential and polynomial), auto-regressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model as well as exponential smoothing and Holt–Winters models. We found that the growth of COVID-19 cases follows a power regime of [Formula: see text] after the exponential growth. We found the optimal change points from where the COVID-19 cases shifted their course of growth from exponential to quadratic and then from quadratic to linear. After that, we saw a sudden spike in the course of the spread of COVID-19 and the growth moved from linear to quadratic and then to quartic, which is alarming. We have also found the best fitted regression models using the various criteria, such as significant p-values, coefficients of determination and ANOVA, etc. Further, we search the best-fitting ARIMA model for the data using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and provide the forecast of COVID-19 cases for future days. We also use usual exponential smoothing and Holt–Winters models for forecasting purpose. We further found that the ARIMA (5, 2, 5) model is the best-fitting model for COVID-19 cases in India. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474330/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00165-z id: cord-275228-952w7vx5 author: Sharma, Yuvraj title: COVID-19–Associated Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Report of 2 Cases date: 2020-06-06 words: 2102.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275228-952w7vx5.txt summary: We report 2 African American patients who developed acute kidney injury and proteinuria in temporal association with COVID-19 infection. Kidney biopsy specimens showed collapsing glomerulopathy, endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, and acute tubular injury, without evidence by electron microscopy or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in situ hybridization of viral infection of kidney cells. 3, 4 We describe 2 African American patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with acute kidney injury and proteinuria. The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection varies from 3% to 29% and is a negative prognostic marker. The temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the presence of endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, in the absence of any known autoimmune or other identified viral causes in our patients, strongly favor that COVID-19 infection has mediated collapsing glomerulopathy. Acute kidney injury due to collapsing glomerulopathy following COVID-19 infection abstract: Collapsing glomerulopathy is an aggressive form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with diverse causes. The presence of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk genotype is a major risk factor for collapsing glomerulopathy in African Americans. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic with predominant respiratory manifestations. However, kidney involvement is being frequently noted and is associated with higher mortality. Currently, kidney pathology data for COVID-19 are scant and mostly come from postmortem findings. We report 2 African American patients who developed acute kidney injury and proteinuria in temporal association with COVID-19 infection. Kidney biopsy specimens showed collapsing glomerulopathy, endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions, and acute tubular injury, without evidence by electron microscopy or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in situ hybridization of viral infection of kidney cells. Both patients had the APOL1 high-risk genotype. We propose that collapsing glomerulopathy represents a novel manifestation of COVID-19 infection, especially in people of African descent with APOL1 risk alleles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775990/ doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.05.005 id: cord-300396-kea01a27 author: Sharpe, Richard E title: Special Report of the RSNA COVID-19 Task Force: The Short- and Long-Term Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Private Radiology Practices date: 2020-07-17 words: 3540.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300396-kea01a27.txt summary: The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. Private practice radiology groups were especially vulnerable to abrupt financial losses as demand for imaging services greatly declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. After reflecting on their values and priorities, private radiology practices crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in widespread disruption to the global economy, including demand for imaging services. The resulting reduction in demand for imaging services had an abrupt and substantial impact on private radiology practices, which are heavily dependent on examination volumes for practice revenues. The goal of this article is to describe the specific experiences of radiologists working in various types of private radiology practices during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, the authors describe factors determining the impact of the pandemic on private practices, the challenges these practices have faced, the cost levers leaders adjusted, and the government subsidies sought. In addition, the authors describe adjustments practices are making to their mid- and long-term strategic plans to pivot for long-term success while managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Private practices have crafted tiered strategies to respond to the impact of the pandemic by pulling various cost levers to adjust service availability, staffing, compensation, benefits, time off, and expense reductions. In addition, they have sought additional revenues, within the boundaries of their practice, to mitigate ongoing financial losses. The longer-term impact of the pandemic will alter existing practices, making some of them more likely than others to succeed in the years ahead. This report synthesizes the collective experience of private practice radiologists shared with members of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) COVID-19 Task Force, including discussions with colleagues and leaders of private practice radiology groups from across the United States. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677874/ doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202517 id: cord-345338-pf4tsh3v author: Shaw, Brian title: The lingering manifestations of COVID-19 during and after convalescence: update on long-term pulmonary consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-10-01 words: 3653.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345338-pf4tsh3v.txt summary: Improvement in imaging findings may include reduction in the number and size or resolution of GGOs, decrease in the consolidation density, melted sugar sign (gradual reduction in the density of pulmonary consolidation and transition to ground glass opacity), and residual fibrous stripes/ fibrotic bands. Studies on radiologic progression of severe COVID-19 infection categorize the timeline of imaging findings anywhere from two to six stages with highly variable interval times and number of repeat CT scans. do not divide the radiologic progression of COVID-19 into stages, patients who underwent repeat imaging showed median times of 7 and 14 days after admission for worsening and improvement, respectively, on CT. However, no large sample longitudinal follow-up of patients recovered from COVID-19 has been reported to date to provide a statistical estimate of the prevalence of different imaging manifestations, such as organizing pneumonia, fibrotic bands, reticulation, or honeycombing. Thus, continued surveillance of discharged COVID-19 patients with repeat pulmonary function testing, RT-PCR, and HRCT is recommended. abstract: The long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unknown. Lessons from past viral epidemics reveal that, after recovery, patients with viral pulmonary infections can suffer from irreversible pulmonary dysfunction and demonstrate residual imaging or functional abnormalities. Residual ground glass opacities, consolidations, reticular and linear opacities, residual crazy paving pattern, melted sugar sign, and parenchymal fibrotic bands are several features found in the late or remission stages of COVID-19. These radiologic findings have been observed weeks after symptom onset, even after hospital discharge, and they may or may not correlate with clinical manifestations. High-resolution CT may be indicated to establish new baselines and track changes in residual impairments. In our previous review, we observed significant pulmonary sequelae in some COVID-19 survivors at follow-up. In this update, we review the current literature on the clinical and radiologic manifestations of post-recovery COVID-19 toward the end of hospital admission and after discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01295-8 doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01295-8 id: cord-351593-84xpllwh author: Shaw, Jane A. title: Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary date: 2020-07-13 words: 1292.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351593-84xpllwh.txt summary: This has rightly been driven by the recognition that COVID-19 is a novel disease, with a multitude of clinical manifestations and some unexpected respiratory phenotypes [1] .The overwhelming number of severely ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia has generated a lot of information. The ideal imaging modality for them will be one that is useful for early triaging of patients into mild, moderate, and severe pneumonia; it will be highly specific for COVID-19, and sensitive in ruling it out. Data show that computed tomography (CT) chest is a useful diagnostic tool for COVID-19 with a high sensitivity when applied during an outbreak, at times identifying the disease before the gold standard test becomes positive [3] [4] [5] . Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: correlations with chest CT at hospital admission. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509763 doi: 10.1159/000509763 id: cord-027036-lvcxrmih author: Shaw, Ken title: The impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-06-09 words: 2055.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027036-lvcxrmih.txt summary: For example, studies are described reporting defects of cell-mediated immunity and diminished lymphocyte transformation response in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, while impaired leucocyte function, the first line of defence against secondary bacterial infection, can be demonstrated from observation of reduced phagocytic activity with increasing levels of blood glucose. These early reports of COVID-19 infection included observations of 52 critically ill adult patients with coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the ICU at the Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital, where diabetes was found in twice the number of individuals who died compared to those who survived (22% vs 10%). 5 This outcome has since been replicated on a wider scale from 552 hospitals across China 6 where, in a total of 1099 patients with established COVID-19 infection, diabetes was present in 7.4% of cases overall, but recorded in a significantly greater proportion of those with severe compared to non-severe disease (16.2% vs 5.7%). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300780/ doi: 10.1002/pdi.2272 id: cord-349276-viq01q8l author: Shaw, Rajib title: Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: Lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia date: 2020-04-30 words: 9217.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349276-viq01q8l.txt summary: The above description shows that within two months (from 13th of January, when first case was reported in Thailand, outside China to 13th of March, when USA declared emergency), the virus has taken a significant number of lives, affected a large number of people, and brought down many countries, including the economic hubs under lockdown. (1) The occurrence of first confirmed case and subsequent successful initial management: From the beginning of the COVID-19 situation, the Korean government, centered around the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), has shared information with related organizations and established an effective response system. On top of that, as the government-wide response became more vital due to the rapid increase in the number of confirmed cases, MoIS took charge of the monitoring and management of people self-isolating, finding and surveying those who had visited the Wuhan region and may be contagious, locating and securing temporary living facilities and lifetime treatment centers through Countermeasures Support Headquarters (CSHQs). abstract: Abstract Corona Virus (CODID-19) was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019, then spread in different parts of China, and gradually became a global pandemic in March 2020. While the death toll is still increasing, the epicenter of casualty has shifted from Asia to Europe, and that of the affected people has shifted to USA. This paper analyzes the responses in East Asian countries, in China, Japan and South Korea, and provides some commonalities and lessons. While countries have different governance mechanism, it was found that a few governance decisions in respective countries made a difference, along with strong community solidarity and community behavior. Extensive use of emerging technologies is made along with medical/health care treatment to make the response more effective and reduce the risk of the spread of the disease. Although the pandemic was a global one, its responses were local, depending on the local governance, socio-economic and cultural context. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300272 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100090 id: cord-278389-cgktbqf9 author: Shaw, William S. title: Opening the Workplace After COVID-19: What Lessons Can be Learned from Return-to-Work Research? date: 2020-06-19 words: 1831.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278389-cgktbqf9.txt summary: Just as injury and illness have variable effects on workability, the COVID-19 crisis is likely to impact workers differently because of issues like threat of viral infection, health vulnerability, organizational perceptions, income levels, and seniority/job tenure. The existing occupational rehabilitation literature has shown how return-to-work and other worker health and safety outcomes are stratified by income, language, immigration status, social rank, and other measures of socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage. Successful opening of workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic will require significant changes to organizational health and safety policies and practices to show flexibility to individual worker needs, to be fair to workers with less socioeconomic advantage, and to understand the backdrop of stress and social disruption being experienced at all levels of society. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562129/ doi: 10.1007/s10926-020-09908-9 id: cord-300608-eju7wnb9 author: Sheervalilou, Roghayeh title: COVID‐19 under spotlight: A close look at the origin, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of the 2019‐nCoV disease date: 2020-05-26 words: 7391.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300608-eju7wnb9.txt summary: 2.1 | Respiratory system SARS-CoV-2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID-19 Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020) . A number of investigations recently conducted on COVID-19 have reported that IL-6 levels was actually higher in the patients with severe disease (Cai, 2020; Chen, Liu, et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020) . Impaired liver function tests have been reported for a number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting hepatic damage as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 in almost one half of the patients (Chen, Zhou, et al., 2020; Wang, Hu, et al., 2020) . Since H7N9 and SARS-CoV-2 can result in similar complications, for example, ARDS and respiratory failure, MSC-based therapy might lead to a new path in treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: Months after the outbreak of a new flu‐like disease in China, the entire world is now in a state of caution. The subsequent less‐anticipated propagation of the novel coronavirus disease, formally known as COVID‐19, not only made it to headlines by an overwhelmingly high transmission rate and fatality reports, but also raised an alarm for the medical community all around the globe. Since the causative agent, SARS‐CoV‐2, is a recently discovered species, there is no specific medicine for downright treatment of the infection. This has led to an unprecedented societal fear of the newly born disease, adding a psychological aspect to the physical manifestation of the virus. Herein, the COVID‐19 structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, and therapy have been reviewed. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29735 doi: 10.1002/jcp.29735 id: cord-306790-82nltfk3 author: Sheikh, Abu Baker title: Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction in Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report date: 2020-09-28 words: 2015.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306790-82nltfk3.txt summary: The infection is severe in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and a systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases can lead to acute myocardial infarction. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 56-year-old man with cardiovascular risk factors including coronary artery disease, hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and hyperlipidemia, who had COVID-19-induced pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia and cardiovascular risk factors, a severe systemic inflammatory response can lead to atherosclerotic plaque rupture, which can manifest as acute coronary syndrome. A systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases can lead to acute myocardial infarction. Here, we report the case of a 56-year-old man with multiple comorbidities and pre-existing cardiovascular disease; he was COVID-19-positive and hospitalized with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). abstract: Patient: Male, 56-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Hypoxemia • pneumonia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic. With the ever-increasing number of COVID-19 patients, it is imperative to explore the factors related to the disease to aid patient management until a definitive vaccine is ready, as the disease is not limited to the respiratory system alone. COVID-19 has been associated with various cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. The infection is severe in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and a systemic inflammatory response due to a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 cases can lead to acute myocardial infarction. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 56-year-old man with cardiovascular risk factors including coronary artery disease, hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and hyperlipidemia, who had COVID-19-induced pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. He subsequently developed myocardial infarction during his hospitalization at our facility. He had a significant contact history for COVID-19. He was managed with emergent cardiac revascularization after COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing from a nasopharyngeal swab as per hospital policy for admitted patients. Apart from dual antiplatelet therapy, tocilizumab therapy was initiated due to the high interleukin-6 levels. His hospitalization was complicated by hemodialysis and failed extubation and intubation, resulting in a tracheostomy. Upon improvement, he was discharged to a long-term facility with a plan for outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia and cardiovascular risk factors, a severe systemic inflammatory response can lead to atherosclerotic plaque rupture, which can manifest as acute coronary syndrome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32981926/ doi: 10.12659/ajcr.926101 id: cord-284353-f7zkp9cf author: Sheikh, Aziz title: Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-06-27 words: 1140.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284353-f7zkp9cf.txt summary: W ith nationwide school closures currently operating in 191 countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has estimated that 1.6 billion (90.2%) students are currently out of primary, secondary and tertiary education (henceforth schools) as a result of the global COVID-19 lockdown [1] . In the absence of a robust evidence base on lockdown exit strategies, we consider the range of options being taken globally to reopen schools with a view to informing the formulation of national plans. Although COVID-19 tends to be less severe in children and adolescents, and thankfully relatively few students have died of the condition, a key policy concern has been that young people may be important community reservoirs for the transmission of the virus to household members. A recent (unpublished) systematic review concluded that children and young people under 20 are 56% less likely to contract SARS-COV2 from infected individuals than adults this suggesting they may play a smaller part in transmission than originally thought [6] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612815/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010376 id: cord-011413-yv4x8viu author: Shekar, Kiran title: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date: 2020-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidelines have been developed to assist existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers to prepare and plan provision of ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. The recommendations have been put together by a team of interdisciplinary ECMO providers from around the world. Recommendations are based on available evidence, existing best practice guidelines, ethical principles, and expert opinion. This is a living document and will be regularly updated when new information becomes available. ELSO is not liable for the accuracy or completeness of the information in this document. These guidelines are not meant to replace sound clinical judgment or specialist consultation but rather to strengthen provision and clinical management of ECMO specifically, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7228451/ doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001193 id: cord-282868-yd7pzcbz author: Shelmerdine, Susan C. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings date: 2020-06-18 words: 5694.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282868-yd7pzcbz.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar) for articles describing imaging findings in children with COVID-19. Whilst several systematic reviews of imaging findings in COVID-19 cases have been performed for adults [7, 8] , none has specifically focused on children. Inclusion criteria encompassed all studies investigating and describing imaging findings of confirmed COVID-19 infection in children, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. The same two reviewers (S.C.S., S.T.) independently extracted data from the full articles into a database (Excel; Microsoft, Redmond, WA), which included the following factors: study design, study setting/country, population demographics (e.g., gender, age, underlying comorbidities), sample size, patient outcomes (number of mortalities), imaging modality and imaging findings (pattern and location of involvement of disease) and results of any follow-up imaging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a systematic review of imaging findings abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infection that can cause a severe respiratory illness and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Because children appear to be less severely affected than adults, their imaging appearances have not been extensively reported. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review available literature regarding imaging findings in paediatric cases of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar) for articles describing imaging findings in children with COVID-19. We included all modalities, age <18 years, and foreign language articles, using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and locations of imaging findings, and their association with outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were included, reporting chest imaging findings in 431 children, of whom 421 (97.7%) underwent CT. Criteria for imaging were lacking. At diagnosis, 143/421 (34.0%) had a normal CT. Abnormalities were more common in the lower lobes and were predominantly unilateral. The most common imaging pattern was ground-glass opacification (159/255, 62.4%). None of the studies described lymphadenopathy, while pleural effusions were rare (three cases). Improvement at follow-up CT imaging (3–15 days later) was seen in 29/100 (29%), remained normal in 25/100 (25%) and progressed in 9/100 (9%). CONCLUSION: CT chest findings in children with COVID-19 are frequently normal or mild. Lower lobes are predominantly affected by patchy ground-glass opacification. Appearances at follow-up remain normal or improve in the majority of children. Chest CT imaging adds little to the further management of the patient and should be reserved for severe cases or for identifying alternative diagnoses. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00247-020-04726-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04726-w doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04726-w id: cord-299156-1dwsm3ie author: Shemer, Asaf title: Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical and molecular analysis date: 2020-09-14 words: 3509.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299156-1dwsm3ie.txt summary: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and molecular ocular involvement among patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care facility. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was noted in one out of five cases, and was associated with loss of smell and taste. Among patients with COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was associated with loss of smell and loss of taste as part of the clinical presentation (66.7% vs 7.7%, p = 0.018). In this study, we evaluated the ocular signs and symptoms, as well as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab samples among patients with COVID-19 in one tertiary referral center during March and April of 2020. To conclude, among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was present in 19% of cases and was associated with loss of smell and taste as part of the clinical presentation. abstract: PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic with millions infected worldwide. Little is known on the ocular involvement associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and molecular ocular involvement among patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care facility. METHODS: Consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 Ward of the Shamir Medical Center in Israel during March and April, 2020 were included. The control group included patients negative for COVID-19 admitted during a similar period to a different ward. Patients were examined by trained Ophthalmologists. SARS-CoV-2 conjunctival swab samples were obtained. RESULTS: Included were 48 patients, 16 with confirmed COVID-19 and 32 controls. Median patient age was 68.5 (interquartile range: 31.5, mean: 63 ± 21) years and 48% were male. Active conjunctival injection was present in three patients (19%) with COVID-19, compared to none in the controls (p = 0.034). Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to complain of foreign body sensation (31.3% vs 3.1%, p = 0.005) and redness of the eye (25% vs 0%, p = 0.003). Conjunctival injection was associated with loss of smell and taste (75% vs 7.7%, p = 0.018). Viral conjunctival swab tests all showed negative results for all three viral genes tested (E, N, and RdRp). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center with confirmed COVID-19, active conjunctival injection was noted in one out of five cases, and was associated with loss of smell and taste. Conjunctival swabs for viral RNA were negative in patients with and without ocular involvement. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10792-020-01592-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-020-01592-1 doi: 10.1007/s10792-020-01592-1 id: cord-269981-xm0by310 author: Shen, Cheng title: Perioperative preparation in thoracic day surgery: Battle against COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 1662.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269981-xm0by310.txt summary: The day surgery center of West China Hospital is a hospital-based surgical setting that has nine operating rooms, a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), 33 beds, and two nurse stations. Patients have to visit appropriate specialist clinics to evaluate whether they qualify for thoracic day surgery. In this scenario, patients must complete a thoracic specialist clinic evaluation and a COVID-19 epidemic survey. For the first time, patients must bring all their test results and anesthesia consultation to the Day Surgery Appointment Center for the surgeon to review and confirm whether all the tests have been completed prior to surgery. Generally, postoperative patients will transfer to the day surgery center ward after PACU for stage II recovery. To our knowledge, our data provide the first direct program and clinical pathway for thoracic day surgery to prevent the spread of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32558379/ doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13500 id: cord-295237-kdwcnav6 author: Shen, Cong title: Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography date: 2020-09-19 words: 3486.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295237-kdwcnav6.txt summary: title: Evaluation of dynamic lung changes during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by quantitative computed tomography OBJECTIVES: This study aims to trace the dynamic lung changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using computed tomography (CT) images by a quantitative method. The lesions are detected automatically and the parameters including lesion volume (LeV/mL), lesion percentage to lung volume (LeV%), mean lesion density (MLeD/HU), low attenuation area lower than – 400HU (LAA-400%), and lesion weight (LM/mL*HU) are computed for quantification. The dynamic changes in the lesion volume for each patient were plotted according to the course of the disease and were learned by the spline insertion method, as shown in Fig. 4-A. Based on our knowledge, this is the first study for tracing the dynamic lung changes of COVID-19 by an accurate quantitative way in the aspect of lesion size and lesion density, as well as the distribution among the five lobes and the changes trending in the five lobes. abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to trace the dynamic lung changes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using computed tomography (CT) images by a quantitative method. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 28 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 145 CT scans are collected. The lesions are detected automatically and the parameters including lesion volume (LeV/mL), lesion percentage to lung volume (LeV%), mean lesion density (MLeD/HU), low attenuation area lower than – 400HU (LAA-400%), and lesion weight (LM/mL*HU) are computed for quantification. The dynamic changes of lungs are traced from the day of initial symptoms to the day of discharge. The lesion distribution among the five lobes and the dynamic changes in each lobe are also analyzed. RESULTS: LeV%, MLeD, and LM reach peaks on days 9, 6 and 8, followed by a decrease trend in the next two weeks. LAA-400% (mostly the ground glass opacity) declines to the lowest on days 4–5, and then increases. The lesion is mostly seen in the bilateral lower lobes, followed by the left upper lobe, right upper lobe and right middle lobe (p < 0.05). The right middle lobe is the earliest one (on days 6–7), while the right lower lobe is the latest one (on days 9–10) that reaches to peak among the five lobes. CONCLUSIONS: Severity of COVID-19 increases from the day of initial symptoms, reaches to the peak around on day 8, and then decreases. Lesion is more commonly seen in the bilateral lower lobes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32925165/ doi: 10.3233/xst-200721 id: cord-351580-129608e4 author: Shen, J. title: A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany date: 2020-04-14 words: 1847.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351580-129608e4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351580-129608e4.txt summary: title: A Recursive Bifurcation Model for Predicting the Peak of COVID-19 Virus Spread in United States and Germany By using this r value, we predict the infected population, , which is very close to the true data, y, as shown in Figure 2 author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059329 doi: medRxiv preprint Furthermore, by using 1 in cycle 2 of Korea data, we also achieve an accurate prediction of infected population and validate to be close to unity (Figure 3) . Use a termination condition (Eq. 6) to estimate the peak time of virus spread Figure 4 shows the prediction result of infected population in United States. Our model predicts that the COVID-19 virus spread will approximately peak on April 26 and May 1, 2020, respectively for United States and Germany in terms of infected population. abstract: Prediction on the peak time of COVID-19 virus spread is crucial to decision making on lockdown or closure of cities and states. In this paper we design a recursive bifurcation model for analyzing COVID-19 virus spread in different countries. The bifurcation facilitates a recursive processing of infected population through linear least-squares fitting. In addition, a nonlinear least-squares fitting is utilized to predict the future values of infected populations. Numerical results on the data from three countries (South Korea, United States and Germany) indicate the effectiveness of our approach. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.09.20059329v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20059329 id: cord-273907-58jufmx7 author: Shen, Kun-Ling title: Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance recommendation to strengthen prevention of pediatric seasonal influenza under COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-13 words: 1726.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273907-58jufmx7.txt summary: The WHO, the United Nations International Children''s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), and various nations have called for strengthening of prevention and control of seasonal influenza while making every effort to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stated that in the coming winter influenza and COVID-19 may spread simultaneously and recommended vaccination for all children older than 6 months [10] . Brazil initiated early vaccination to reduce influenza cases in the midst of COVID-19, with children from 6 months to 6 years of age being the priority target population [14] . To control the pandemic situation more effectively, the Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance (GPPA), based on best-practices and evidence from various countries, recommends that all global and regional organizations, medical societies, and health agencies join hands in the prevention of seasonal influenza in children. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920745/ doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00389-7 id: cord-274264-s477tw3x author: Shen, M. title: Projected COVID-19 epidemic in the United States in the context of the effectiveness of a potential vaccine and implications for social distancing and face mask use date: 2020-10-30 words: 4120.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274264-s477tw3x.txt summary: We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness and coverage required to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic in scenarios when social contact was to return to pre-pandemic levels and face mask use was reduced. But relaxing social distancing restrictions to the pre-pandemic level without changing the current face mask use would lead to a new COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in 0.8-4 million infections and 15,000-240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. In the state of California, if the current face mask use rate was maintained and the vaccine was weak, 50% coverage could avert 1 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. However, the state of California, in particular, will need a vaccine coverage of close to 80% to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic, such that both social distancing restrictions and the requirement for face mask use can be relaxed. abstract: Background: Multiple candidates of COVID-19 vaccines have entered Phase III clinical trials in the United States (US). There is growing optimism that social distancing restrictions and face mask requirements could be eased with widespread vaccine adoption soon. Methods: We developed a dynamic compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission for the four most severely affected states (New York, Texas, Florida, and California). We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness and coverage required to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic in scenarios when social contact was to return to pre-pandemic levels and face mask use was reduced. Daily and cumulative COVID-19 infection and death cases were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus resource center and used for model calibration. Results: Without a vaccine, the spread of COVID-19 could be suppressed in these states by maintaining strict social distancing measures and face mask use levels. But relaxing social distancing restrictions to the pre-pandemic level without changing the current face mask use would lead to a new COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in 0.8-4 million infections and 15,000-240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. In this scenario, introducing a vaccine would partially offset this negative impact even if the vaccine effectiveness and coverage are relatively low. However, if face mask use is reduced by 50%, a vaccine that is only 50% effective (weak vaccine) would require coverage of 55-94% to suppress the epidemic in these states. A vaccine that is 80% effective (moderate vaccine) would only require 32-57% coverage to suppress the epidemic. In contrast, if face mask usage stops completely, a weak vaccine would not suppress the epidemic, and further major outbreaks would occur. A moderate vaccine with coverage of 48-78% or a strong vaccine (100% effective) with coverage of 33-58% would be required to suppress the epidemic. Delaying vaccination rollout for 1-2 months would not substantially alter the epidemic trend if the current interventions are maintained. Conclusions: The degree to which the US population can relax social distancing restrictions and face mask use will depend greatly on the effectiveness and coverage of a potential COVID-19 vaccine if future epidemics are to be prevented. Only a highly effective vaccine will enable the US population to return to life as it was before the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.20221234v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.28.20221234 id: cord-276327-wyevh4xv author: Sheng, Calvin C title: Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS‐CoV‐2 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid‐19 cardiac injury: The three C study) date: 2020-08-24 words: 3239.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276327-wyevh4xv.txt summary: We designed a proof‐of‐concept randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive respiratory failure and worsening cardiac dysfunction in patients with SARS‐CoV2 infection, myocardial injury, and high levels of inflammation. The three C Study is a prospective, IRB approved, blinded randomized-controlled Phase II study designed to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive heart and respiratory failure in patients with Covid-19 associated myocardial injury and increased inflammation. This blinded randomized controlled trial is designed as a proof of concept study to demonstrate whether IL-1β antagonism can dampen the deleterious autoinflammatory response to SARS-CoV2 infection in patients with myocardial injury and heightened inflammation. In evaluating this hypothesis, the Three C study will help inform whether targeting inappropriate activation of the innate immune system should be investigated in larger clinical trials to improve survival in patients with Covid-19 and myocardial injury. abstract: BACKGROUND: In patients with Covid‐19, myocardial injury and increased inflammation are associated with morbidity and mortality. We designed a proof‐of‐concept randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive respiratory failure and worsening cardiac dysfunction in patients with SARS‐CoV2 infection, myocardial injury, and high levels of inflammation. HYPOTHESIS: The primary hypothesis is that canakiumab will shorten time to recovery. METHODS: The three C study (canakinumab in Covid‐19 Cardiac Injury, NCT04365153) is a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial comparing canakinumab 300 mg IV, 600 mg IV, or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio in hospitalized Covid‐19 patients with elevations in troponin and C‐reactive protein (CRP). The primary endpoint is defined as the time in days from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a seven category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever occurs first up to 14 days postrandomization. The secondary endpoint is mortality at day 28. A total of 45 patients will be enrolled with an anticipated 5 month follow up period. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics for the first 20 randomized patients reveal a predominantly male (75%), elderly population (median 67 years) with a high prevalence of hypertension (80%) and hyperlipidemia (75%). CRPs have been markedly elevated (median 16.2 mg/dL) with modest elevations in high‐sensitivity troponin T (median 21 ng/L), in keeping with the concept of enrolling patients with early myocardial injury. CONCLUSIONS: The three C study will provide insights regarding whether IL‐1β inhibition may improve outcomes in patients with SARS‐CoV2 associated myocardial injury and increased inflammation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32830894/ doi: 10.1002/clc.23451 id: cord-325042-fp6pib7u author: Sheng, Lingshuang title: Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-09-19 words: 2307.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325042-fp6pib7u.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe cases with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study We consider age, comorbidities, platelet count, albumin, D-dimer, LDH, CRP and IL-6 level might be more meaningful marks for COVID-19 prognostic evaluation. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of these cases and compare the differences between moderate and severe cases and between survived and death cases, respectively, so as to find some early warning clues for future clinical treatment. Age, leucocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, platelet, total protein, albumin, globulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) of all subjects were recorded as clinical characteristics for further analysis. Blood count analysis showed that the levels of leukocytes and neutrophils in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the moderate group (all P < 0.001). Therefore, we summarized the clinical characteristics of 232 COVID-19 patients and analyzed the differences between moderate and severe cases, survivors and deaths. abstract: With the outbreak of COVID-19 ongoing, this infectious disease has been posing a significant threat to public health. However, we are still relatively inexperienced on recognizing the clinical characteristics of severe COVID-19 and death cases. Therefore, we hereby collected and analyzed a total of 232 cases to illustrate the clinical characteristics of such patients in Wuhan and to find notable marks for early clinical warning. We consider age, comorbidities, platelet count, albumin, D-dimer, LDH, CRP and IL-6 level might be more meaningful marks for COVID-19 prognostic evaluation. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00662-z doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00662-z id: cord-320247-123v1ddf author: Sheng, Wang-Huei title: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 date: 2020-04-03 words: 953.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320247-123v1ddf.txt summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) had announced a new name for the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on February 11, 2020 and potential of pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. However, the rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 cases suggests that this virus might transmit more effectively among humans compared to prior strains of coronavirus and that mild illness might be quite common in infected individuals. reported the preventive strategies in hospitals for managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. suggested interruption of COVID-19 transmission by implementing enhanced traffic control bundling, based on the 2003 SARS outbreak in Taiwan. 6 A significantly lower proportion of COVID-19 cases without travel history to China were reported in countries with lower Healthcare Access and Quality Index (HAQ-Index). The data indicated that the countries with lower HAQ-index might have under-reported COVID-19 cases, which could lead to new local epicenters of the disease. 7 The actions of Taiwan''s emergency epidemic response plan developed after the 2003 SARS outbreak. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.033 id: cord-355558-r6r1t47c author: Shenoy, Akhil title: Diabetes and covid-19: a global health challenge date: 2020-04-27 words: 1433.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355558-r6r1t47c.txt summary: 2 3 The clinical manifestations of the pneumonia have ranged from mild lower respiratory tract symptoms to the more severe manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and associated high mortality, 4 and the new disease has been named 2019 coronavirus disease or covid-19 by the WHO. Thus, almost one-third of patients with covid-19 admitted to the ICU with severe disease in USA have diabetes as an underlying health condition. The authors demonstrate that compared with non-diabetics, patients with diabetes and severe covid-19 exhibited a severe inflammatory response and were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation and have a higher mortality (and a reduced survival duration). Indeed, the mortality rate of 81% in patients with diabetes with severe covid-19 disease (and 48% in those without diabetes) is alarming, although the authors caution that the patient population hospitalized was sicker and with an overall higher mortality (56%) as compared with other published analysis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345580/ doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001450 id: cord-333897-isodrtly author: Shenoy, Niraj title: Considerations for target oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients: are we under-shooting? date: 2020-08-19 words: 2833.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333897-isodrtly.txt summary: Finally, it discusses potential implications of specific clinical observations and considerations in COVID-19 patients on target oxygen saturation, such as diffuse systemic endothelitis and microthrombi playing an important pathogenic role in the wide range of systemic manifestations, exacerbation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the setting of pulmonary vascular endothelitis/microthrombi, the phenomenon of "silent hypoxemia" with some patients presenting to the hospital with severe hypoxemia disproportional to symptoms, and overburdened health systems and public health resources in many parts of the world with adverse implications on outpatient monitoring and early institution of oxygen supplementation. -The LOCO-2 trial [2] where ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) patients were randomized to conservative (target partial pressure of arterial oxyHere, we examine the above two studies guiding current target oxygen saturation recommendations for COVID-19; discuss, with supporting transcriptomic analyses, the influence of hypoxia on ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme-2, target receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry) expression; reflect on relevant clinical observations and considerations in COVID-19 patients; and propose a reevaluation of target oxygen saturation in these patients-both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current target oxygen saturation range for patients with COVID-19 recommended by the National Institutes of Health is 92–96%. MAIN BODY: This article critically examines the evidence guiding current target oxygen saturation recommendation for COVID-19 patients, and raises important concerns in the extrapolation of data from the two studies stated to be guiding the recommendation. Next, it examines the influence of hypoxia on upregulation of ACE2 (target receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry) expression, with supporting transcriptomic analysis of a publicly available gene expression profile dataset of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells cultured in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Finally, it discusses potential implications of specific clinical observations and considerations in COVID-19 patients on target oxygen saturation, such as diffuse systemic endothelitis and microthrombi playing an important pathogenic role in the wide range of systemic manifestations, exacerbation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the setting of pulmonary vascular endothelitis/microthrombi, the phenomenon of “silent hypoxemia” with some patients presenting to the hospital with severe hypoxemia disproportional to symptoms, and overburdened health systems and public health resources in many parts of the world with adverse implications on outpatient monitoring and early institution of oxygen supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: The above factors and analyses, put together, call for an urgent exploration and re-evaluation of target oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients, both in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Until data from such trials become available, where possible, it may be prudent to target an oxygen saturation at least at the upper end of the recommended 92–96% range in COVID-19 patients both in the inpatient and outpatient settings (in patients that are normoxemic at pre-COVID baseline). Home pulse oximetry, tele-monitoring, and earlier institution of oxygen supplementation for hypoxemic COVID-19 outpatients could be beneficial, where public health resources allow for their implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01735-2 doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01735-2 id: cord-325784-zs1qmfjy author: Sher, Leo title: Are COVID-19 survivors at increased risk for suicide? date: 2020-05-04 words: 564.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325784-zs1qmfjy.txt summary: Psychological factors that may increase suicide risk among COVID-19 patients include learning about their diagnosis, anxiety, and distress related to symptoms of the disease and stress related to hospitalisation and hospital treatment. Individuals who needed an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) are at especially high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, sleep abnormalities, and cognitive impairments (McGiffin et al., 2016) . A recent study in China indicated that 96.2% of recovering COVID-19 patients had significant post-traumatic stress symptoms (Bo et al., 2020) . A recent review of the effect of COVID-19 on the central nervous system indicates that neurological manifestations are present in about 25% of the patients (Asadi-Pooya & Simani, 2020). Neurological conditions including ischaemic stroke and headache are associated with increased suicide risk (Hudzik & Marek, 2014) . Many coronavirus disease survivors will need long-term psychological interventions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32364491/ doi: 10.1017/neu.2020.21 id: cord-325799-v1egyqt4 author: Sher, Leo title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates date: 2020-06-15 words: 3000.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325799-v1egyqt4.txt summary: Studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with distress, anxiety, fear of contagion, depression, and insomnia in the general population and among health care professionals. Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, uncertainty, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of depressive, anxiety, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders in vulnerable populations including individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders and people who reside in high COVID-19 prevalence areas. Suicidal behavior in the COVID-19 era Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, uncertainty, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of stress-related disorders and suicidality in vulnerable populations including individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders, low-resilient persons, individuals who reside in high COVID-19 prevalence areas, and people who have a family member or a friend who has died of COVID-19 (Fig. 1) . abstract: Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has profound psychological and social effects. The psychological sequelae of the pandemic will probably persist for months and years to come. Studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with distress, anxiety, fear of contagion, depression, and insomnia in the general population and among health care professionals. Social isolation, anxiety, fear of contagion, uncertainty, chronic stress, and economic difficulties may lead to the development or exacerbation of depressive, anxiety, substance use, and other psychiatric disorders in vulnerable populations including individuals with pre-existing psychiatric disorders and people who reside in high COVID-19 prevalence areas. Stress-related psychiatric conditions including mood and substance use disorders are associated with suicidal behavior. COVID-19 survivors may also be at elevated suicide risk. The COVID-19 crisis may increase suicide rates during and after the pandemic. Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 crisis including suicidal behavior are likely to be present for a long time and peak later than the actual pandemic. To reduce suicides during the COVID-19 crisis it is imperative to decrease stress, anxiety, fears and loneliness in the general population. There should be traditional and social media campaigns to promote mental health and reduce distress. Active outreach is necessary, especially for people with a history of psychiatric disorders, COVID-19 survivors, and older adults. Research studies are needed of how mental health consequences can be mitigated during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202 id: cord-255435-mr239gai author: Sher, Yelizaveta title: A CASE REPORT OF COVID-19 ASSOCIATED HYPERACTIVE ICU DELIRIUM WITH PROPOSED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT date: 2020-05-19 words: 3528.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255435-mr239gai.txt summary: Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. Intravenous valproic acid (VPA; titrated to 1250 mg per day) was also started for management of agitation and symptoms of hyperactive delirium and to facilitate tapering of multiple other sedative deliriogenic medications. At our center, the following medications have been used in management of agitation in patients with COVID-19 ICU-associated hyperactive delirium, including the described patient, with following considerations. abstract: There have been increasing reports of neuropsychiatric presentations and symptoms of COVID-19, more commonly seen in severely ill patients. Delirium, which is highly prevalent in general intensive care unit (ICU) populations, is expected to be frequent and prominent in COVID-19 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU. In this case report with associated review, we present a case of a critically ill patient with COVID-19 managed in ICU for ARDS. Psychiatry was consulted for management of her hyperactive delirium, likely complicated by environmental factors inherent in management of COVID-19 patients as well as the use of multiple sedatives. Patient was successfully managed by psychiatry with a combination of high-dose melatonin, suvorexant, guanfacine, intravenous haloperidol, and intravenous valproic acid. In addition to case presentation, we discuss a proposed delirium pathophysiology in COVID-19 associated delirium and a systematized approach to evaluation and management of such patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033318220301456 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.007 id: cord-266051-my2wj1uu author: Sheridan Rains, Luke title: Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date: 2020-08-17 words: 6534.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt summary: • Effects on people with mental health problems resulting from infection control measures, including potential impacts of social isolation, and lack of access to usual supports, activities and community resources [8] . We aim to begin addressing this by searching for and summarising relevant material in the public domain early in the pandemic, including accounts published by people with relevant lived experience, practitioners, mental health organisations and policy makers, and also by journalists who have investigated experiences and perspectives of service users, carers and service providers. Our aim was to conduct a document analysis to create an initial mapping and synthesis of reports, from a number of perspectives, on the early impacts of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has many potential impacts on people with mental health conditions and on mental health care, including direct consequences of infection, effects of infection control measures and subsequent societal changes. We aimed to map early impacts of the pandemic on people with pre-existing mental health conditions and services they use, and to identify individual and service-level strategies adopted to manage these. METHODS: We searched for relevant material in the public domain published before 30 April 2020, including papers in scientific and professional journals, published first person accounts, media articles, and publications by governments, charities and professional associations. Search languages were English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese. Relevant content was retrieved and summarised via a rapid qualitative framework synthesis approach. RESULTS: We found 872 eligible sources from 28 countries. Most documented observations and experiences rather than reporting research data. We found many reports of deteriorations in symptoms, and of impacts of loneliness and social isolation and of lack of access to services and resources, but sometimes also of resilience, effective self-management and peer support. Immediate service challenges related to controlling infection, especially in inpatient and residential settings, and establishing remote working, especially in the community. We summarise reports of swiftly implemented adaptations and innovations, but also of pressing ethical challenges and concerns for the future. CONCLUSION: Our analysis captures the range of stakeholder perspectives and experiences publicly reported in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries. We identify potential foci for service planning and research. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804258/ doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7 id: cord-260585-ovmko655 author: Sherman, Allen C. title: Mental Health Outcomes Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Southern US State date: 2020-09-24 words: 4926.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260585-ovmko655.txt summary: In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. We anticipated that heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress would be associated with specific situational factors, including perceived viral exposure or infection, food and financial insecurity, reduced access to routine medical care, greater disruption in daily life, more stringent social distancing, and diminished daily structure. Preliminary bivariate analyses evaluated associations of elevated scores on the primary outcomes (i.e., scores above thresholds for depression, anxiety, and trauma) with demographic variables (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, comorbidities) and situational risk factors (e.g., perceived exposure and infection, COVID-19 symptoms, food and financial insecurity, access to routine medical care, pandemic-related employment changes, illness or loss of loved ones, reduced daily structure, social activity, and disruption in daily activities,), using t-tests, or chi-square or Fisher Exact tests, as appropriate. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic effect on the functioning of individuals and institutions around the world. This cross-sectional registry-based study examined some of the burdens of the pandemic, the prevalence of mental health difficulties, and risk factors for psychosocial morbidity among community residents in Arkansas. The study focused on a period of gradual reopening but rising infection rates. The investigation included validated screening measures of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety (GAD-7), trauma-related symptoms (PCL-5), and alcohol use (AUDIT-C). A notable percentage of participants reported elevated symptoms on each of these outcomes. In separate multivariable analyses that accounted for a number of demographic and pandemic-related covariates, individuals who reported greater pandemic-related disruption in daily life, and those with a prior history of mental health concerns, were more likely to screen positive for depressive, anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Findings illuminate burdens experienced by community residents during a period of phased reopening, and offer a foundation for future screening and intervention initiatives. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120331371 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113476 id: cord-306293-miyc5kok author: Sherman, Courtney B title: In‐Person Outreach and Telemedicine in Liver and Intestinal Transplant: A Survey of National Practices, Impact of COVID‐19 and Areas of Opportunity date: 2020-08-09 words: 1623.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306293-miyc5kok.txt summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, among 55 of the 73 original responding programs (75%) from all 11 OPTN regions, telemedicine use increased from 16% to 98% and was used throughout all phases of transplant care. We conducted a national survey of all liver and intestinal adult and pediatric transplant programs active in 2018 in UNOS to assess practice patterns of in-person outreach clinics and telemedicine from January to March 2019. We assessed the use of outreach clinics as well as live video and asynchronous telemedicine (e.g. electronic consultation by review of medical records or imaging studies), including the frequency of telemedicine, duration of use, phase of transplant care in which it was used, providing care across state lines, and reimbursement. Given high clinical demands during the COVID-19 pandemic, our follow-up survey asked targeted questions limited to: 1) use of synchronous telemedicine modality (live video, telephone, both), 2) type of provider using telemedicine, 3) phase of transplant care for which telemedicine was used. abstract: Little is known about national practices and use of in‐person outreach clinics and telemedicine in transplantation. We initially aimed to assess contemporary use of in‐person outreach and telemedicine in liver and intestinal transplantation in the U.S. We conducted a national survey of liver and intestinal transplant programs to assess use of outreach and telemedicine from January to March of 2019. Given the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, we distributed a second survey wave in April 2020 to assess changes in telemedicine use. Of the 143 programs surveyed, the initial response rate was 51% (n=73) representing all 11 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) regions and 29 states. Pre‐COVID‐19, a total of 42 (59%) surveyed programs had in‐person outreach clinics only while 12 (16%) programs in only 6 states used telemedicine. Centers with higher median MELD at transplant were more likely to utilize telemedicine (p=0.02). During the COVID‐19 pandemic, among 55 of the 73 original responding programs (75%) from all 11 OPTN regions, telemedicine use increased from 16% to 98% and was used throughout all phases of transplant care. Telemedicine utilization was very low prior to COVID‐19 and has increased rapidly across all phases of transplant care presenting an opportunity to advocate for sustained future use. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.25868 doi: 10.1002/lt.25868 id: cord-256696-leqakx22 author: Sherratt, K. title: Evaluating the use of the reproduction number as an epidemiological tool, using spatio-temporal trends of the Covid-19 outbreak in England date: 2020-10-20 words: 5759.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256696-leqakx22.txt summary: We estimated Rt using a model that mapped unobserved infections to observed test-positive cases, hospital admissions, and deaths with confirmed Covid-19, in seven regions of England over March through August 2020. We compared differences in Rt with the demographic and social context of transmission, and found the differences between Rt may be linked to biased representations of sub-populations in each data source: from uneven testing rates, or increasing severity of disease with age, seen via outbreaks in care home populations and changing age distributions of cases. We compared the divergence between Rt estimates with spatio-temporal variation in case detection, and the proportion at risk of severe disease, represented by the age distribution of test positive cases and hospital admissions and the proportion of deaths in care homes. We estimated the time-varying reproduction number for Covid-19 over March through August across England and English NHS regions, using test-positive cases, hospital admissions, and deaths with confirmed Covid-19. abstract: The time-varying reproduction number (Rt: the average number secondary infections caused by each infected person) may be used to assess changes in transmission potential during an epidemic. Since new infections usually are not observed directly, it can only be estimated from delayed and potentially biased data. We estimated Rt using a model that mapped unobserved infections to observed test-positive cases, hospital admissions, and deaths with confirmed Covid-19, in seven regions of England over March through August 2020. We explored the sensitivity of Rt estimates of Covid-19 in England to different data sources, and investigated the potential of using differences in the estimates to track epidemic dynamics in population sub-groups. Our estimates of transmission potential varied for each data source. The divergence between estimates from each source was not consistent within or across regions over time, although estimates based on hospital admissions and deaths were more spatio-temporally synchronous than compared to estimates from all test-positives. We compared differences in Rt with the demographic and social context of transmission, and found the differences between Rt may be linked to biased representations of sub-populations in each data source: from uneven testing rates, or increasing severity of disease with age, seen via outbreaks in care home populations and changing age distributions of cases. We highlight that policy makers should consider the source populations of Rt estimates. Further work should clarify the best way to combine and interpret Rt estimates from different data sources based on the desired use. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.18.20214585v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.18.20214585 id: cord-353354-34tqy9tb author: Sheshah, Eman title: Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia date: 2020-11-13 words: 3362.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353354-34tqy9tb.txt summary: title: Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia This retrospective study aimed to characterize comorbidities and associated with mortality among hospitalized adults with Covid-19 managed as per the Saudi Ministry of Health protocol in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The present retrospective study aims to determine the common comorbidities and risk factors that are associated with mortality among hospitalized patients admitted for Covid-19 and managed as per the Saudi MoH protocol for patients suspected of/confirmed with COVID-19 in a single specialized tertiary hospital in the capital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of T2DM and hypertension among hospitalized Covid-19 patients have already been observed not only in majority of industrialized countries with high cases of SARS-CoV2 infection, but have also been associated with higher risk for severe outcomes, including death [11] [12] [13] . abstract: This retrospective study aimed to characterize comorbidities and associated with mortality among hospitalized adults with Covid-19 managed as per the Saudi Ministry of Health protocol in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medical records of 300 adult patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection and admitted in King Salman Hospital (KSH) from May 1 to July 31 2020 were included. Medical history, management and outcomes were noted. Males significantly outnumber females (259 versus 41). South Asians comprise 41% of all admitted patients. Mortality rate was 10% and highest among Saudi males (28.9%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was the most common comorbidity (45.7%). Almost all patients (99%) had pneumonia. Patients >50 years were three times more likely to die (confidence interval, CI 1.3-6.9; p=0.01) from Covid-19. Congestive heart failure (odds ratio OR 19.4, CI-1.5-260.0; p=0.02) and acute kidney injury (OR 11.7, CI-4.7-28.6; p<0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Dexamethasone use significantly improved the final outcome based on net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (p<0.05). In this single-center study, T2DM was very common among hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Patients >50 years, those with congestive heart failure and acute kidney injury are at higher risk for worse Covid-19 outcome. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168822720307956 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538 id: cord-260826-1n96pz86 author: Shet, Anita title: Differential COVID-19-attributable mortality and BCG vaccine use in countries date: 2020-04-06 words: 2566.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260826-1n96pz86.txt summary: Using publicly available data we built a simple log-linear regression model to assess the association of BCG use and COVID-19-attributable mortality per 1 million population after adjusting for confounders including country economic status (GDP per capita), and proportion of elderly among the population. Notwithstanding limitations due to testing constraints in LMICs, case ascertainment bias and a plausible rise of cases as countries progress along the epidemiological trajectory, these analyses provide intriguing observations that urgently warrant mobilization of resources for prospective randomized interventional studies and institution of systematic disease surveillance, particularly in LMICs. Novel SARS-CoV2 continues to wreak global havoc. To evaluate the effect of BCG vaccine on mortality attributable to COVID-19, we built a simple log-linear regression model using crude COVID-19-attributable mortality data per 1 million population for each country as outcome, BCG vaccine inclusion in the national immunization schedule as exposure, and adjusted for the effects of the following variables on mortality: country-specific GDP per capita, the percentage of population 65 years and above, and the relative position of each country on the epidemic timeline (days since 100 th case reported as of 29 March 2020). abstract: While mortality attributable to COVID-19 has devastated global health systems and economies, striking regional differences have been observed. The Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine has previously been shown to have non-specific protective effects on infections, as well as long-term efficacy against tuberculosis. Using publicly available data we built a simple log-linear regression model to assess the association of BCG use and COVID-19-attributable mortality per 1 million population after adjusting for confounders including country economic status (GDP per capita), and proportion of elderly among the population. The timing of country entry into the pandemic epidemiological trajectory was aligned by plotting time since the 100th reported case. Countries with economies classified as lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income and high-income countries (LMIC, UMIC, HIC) had median crude COVID-19 log-mortality of 0.4 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 0.1, 0.4), 0.7 (IQR 0.2, 2.2) and 5.5 (IQR 1.6, 13.9), respectively. COVID-19-attributable mortality among BCG-using countries was 5.8 times lower [95% CI 1.8-19.0] than in non BCG-using countries. Notwithstanding limitations due to testing constraints in LMICs, case ascertainment bias and a plausible rise of cases as countries progress along the epidemiological trajectory, these analyses provide intriguing observations that urgently warrant mobilization of resources for prospective randomized interventional studies and institution of systematic disease surveillance, particularly in LMICs. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049478 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049478 id: cord-255867-moriv0va author: Sheth, Parth D. title: Development of a Surgical Workforce Access Team (SWAT) in the Battle Against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-30 words: 1385.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255867-moriv0va.txt summary: We set out to answer the following three We ultimately decided that creating a vascular access team would allow us to best 17 address each of these questions, while utilizing our unique skillset to assist the hospital''s efforts with ICU providers in heavily affected areas such as Italy, New York, and Washington, we 5 became aware that these line placement procedures consumed a large portion of time for critical 6 care providers. We worked with our institutional leadership to establish a 9 vascular access team with clear, strong guidelines to signal our commitment to the critical care 10 teams; in particular, we established the following key parameters (Table I) : 11 12 • The team will be responsible 24/7 for placing all central venous lines, arterial lines, and 13 temporary dialysis catheters for inpatients on the main campus of our hospital system. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0741521420310995 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.493 id: cord-346711-2k736hvr author: Shetty, Rohit title: Stem cell therapy in COVID-19 – current evidence and future potential date: 2020-11-09 words: 3231.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346711-2k736hvr.txt summary: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by an unregulated host inflammatory response towards the viral infection, followed by multi-organ dysfunction or failure, is one of the primary causes of deaths in severe cases of COVID-19 infection. Expanded Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) as a Therapeutic Strategy in Managing Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: The Case for Compassionate Use Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells FDA approved mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatments as compassionate use in the very sickest COVID-19 patients Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. Treatment with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells for moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (START study): a randomised phase 2a safety trial, The Lancet Therapeutic Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Lung Injury Mice abstract: The end of 2019 saw the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic that soared in 2020, affecting 215 countries worldwide with no signs of abating. In an effort to contain the spread of the disease and treat the infected, researchers are racing against several odds to find an effective solution. The unavailability of timely and affordable or definitive treatment has caused significant morbidity and mortality. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by an unregulated host inflammatory response towards the viral infection, followed by multi-organ dysfunction or failure, is one of the primary causes of deaths in severe cases of COVID-19 infection. Currently, empirical management of respiratory and hematological manifestations along with anti-viral agents are being used to treat the infection. The quest is on for both a vaccine and more a definitive management protocol to curtail the spread. Researchers and clinicians are also exploring the possibility of using cell therapy for severe cases of COVID-19 with ARDS. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to have immunomodulatory properties and have previously been used to treat viral infections. This review explores the potential of mesenchymal stem cells as cell therapy for ARDS. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1465324920309324?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.11.001 id: cord-275253-6pwqa8zk author: Shetty, Sameep S title: 10 “C” in COVID19 date: 2020-05-29 words: 911.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275253-6pwqa8zk.txt summary: The contrast in the degree of hypoxia ("silent hypoxia") and the pattern of infections in high-risk individuals who are unable to mount a stable immune response with modest symptoms explains the lethal spectrum of the novel coronavirus. In contrast, initial data on the role of ACE inhibitors augmenting the onset of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection has discouraged their use and triggered the onset of severe cardiovascular events 7,8 . Covid19 in high risk individuals display severe respiratory symptoms, multi organ involvement and may require a long term rehabilitation as in a chronic disease. SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threat for patients with cardiovascular disease and cancer The oral surgery response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) abstract: World war “C”(1) has set in against an invisible virus. The routes of transmission include *Contact of contaminated objects,*Circulating droplets in the air called aerosols disseminated through *Cough, sneeze, ocular secretions(2) from an infected individual. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837534/ doi: 10.1111/ors.12527 id: cord-320689-upxsdgqd author: Shetty, Sameep S. title: Vicissitudes in oncological care during COVID19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 727.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320689-upxsdgqd.txt summary: The biological world war "C" against the novel coronavirus has impacted our resources and time-sensitive oncological surgeries. Sensitization, awareness, telephonic triage, refurbishing the operating rooms, and a comprehensive holistic approach using the existing evidence is essential to enhance the clinical decision in the interest of our patients. Robots can turn out to be effective resources in combating COVID-19 by offering (a) Clinical care: telemedicine, navigating high-risk zones and disinfection, automated swab collection, optimal smoke evacuation. COVID-19 can also be a catalyst for integrating robots and Artificial intelligence into the health care system and minimize the exposure risk to health care workers. Endoscopic Skull Base and Transoral Surgery During the COVID -19 Pandemic: Minimizing Droplet Spread with a Negative-Pressure Otolaryngology Viral Isolation Drape ( NOVID ) Combating COVID-19-The role of robotics in managing public health and infectious diseases Robot assisted surgery during the COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32414644/ doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104782 id: cord-268884-oi5l5f7f author: Shevlin, Mark title: Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-10 words: 5760.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt summary: 10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global crisis, necessitating drastic changes to living conditions, social life, personal freedom and economic activity. No study has yet examined the presence of psychiatric symptoms in the UK population under similar conditions. AIMS: We investigated the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety, generalised anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms in the UK population during an early phase of the pandemic, and estimated associations with variables likely to influence these symptoms. METHOD: Between 23 and 28 March 2020, a quota sample of 2025 UK adults aged 18 years and older, stratified by age, gender and household income, was recruited by online survey company Qualtrics. Participants completed standardised measures of depression, generalised anxiety and trauma symptoms relating to the pandemic. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS: Higher levels of anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms were reported compared with previous population studies, but not dramatically so. Anxiety or depression and trauma symptoms were predicted by young age, presence of children in the home, and high estimates of personal risk. Anxiety and depression were also predicted by low income, loss of income and pre-existing health conditions in self and others. Specific anxiety about COVID-19 was greater in older participants. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a modest increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in the early stages of the pandemic, and these problems were predicted by several specific COVID-related variables. Further similar surveys, particularly of those with children at home, are required as the pandemic progresses. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.109 doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.109 id: cord-270591-0szbkhiz author: Shi, Chen title: Comprehensive Landscape of Heparin Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 words: 6198.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270591-0szbkhiz.txt summary: Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. This review discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of heparin regarding its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and direct antiviral activities, providing current evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of heparin therapy for this major public health emergency. In addition to its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activity, heparin may possess a direct antiviral effect to SARS-CoV-2, based on the preclinical studies for other viral infections. There are both preclinical evidence and clinical data to demonstrate the benefits of heparin therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.With anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects, heparin can offer supportive treatment and alleviate the systematic symptoms of COVID-19. abstract: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading globally. Clinical observations found that systemic symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are attenuated when using the anticoagulant agent heparin, indicating that heparin may play other roles in managing COVID-19, in addition to prevention of pulmonary thrombosis. Several biochemical studies show strong binding of heparin and heparin-like molecules to the Spike protein, which resulted in inhibition of viral infection to cells. The clinical observations and in vitro studies argue for a potential multiple-targeting effects of heparin. However, adverse effects of heparin administration and some of the challenges using heparin therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be considered. This review discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of heparin regarding its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and direct antiviral activities, providing current evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of heparin therapy for this major public health emergency. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0144861720314053 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117232 id: cord-254494-wbfgrez1 author: Shi, Chunhong title: Barriers to Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes During COVID-19 Medical Isolation: A Qualitative Study date: 2020-10-14 words: 5751.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254494-wbfgrez1.txt summary: RESULTS: Barriers to diabetes self-management identified by patients with diabetes during isolation were categorized into five major themes: inadequate knowledge and behavioral beliefs, shortage of resources, suffering from health problems, negative emotions, and lack of support. Studies in developed countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Singapore have found that common barriers to self-management include poor communication between patients and healthcare providers, limited accessibility to healthcare facilities, lack of family support, inadequate disease knowledge and limited disease treatment methods, lack of motivation for change, physical and cognitive disorders, limited access to diabetes education, and financial barriers. This study addressed a gap in this field by interviewing patients with diabetes subjected to medical isolation after recovering from COVID-19 to gain a deeper understanding of the barriers to diabetes self-management, and provide new perspectives and approaches for the design of interventions and formulation of policies. abstract: PURPOSE: Diabetes self-management behaviors are necessary to obtain optimum glycemic control, reduce the risk of complications, and improve health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic imposes an additional struggle for self-management by diabetes patients. Although previous studies have reported socio-demographic, behavioral, psychological, and cultural barriers to diabetes self-management, little is known about perceived barriers to diabetes self-management among patients during isolation following their recovery from COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived barriers among type 2 diabetes patients during isolation following their recovery from COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research design was utilized. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 patients with diabetes who had been discharged from one COVID-19 designated hospital and underwent isolation in the designated facilities in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven steps. RESULTS: Barriers to diabetes self-management identified by patients with diabetes during isolation were categorized into five major themes: inadequate knowledge and behavioral beliefs, shortage of resources, suffering from health problems, negative emotions, and lack of support. CONCLUSION: Perceived barriers to diabetes self-management described by diabetes patients indicated a lack of environmental resources and support strategies to meet their needs. Efforts to remove barriers are important in assisting patients with diabetes to improve their quality of life and health outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s268481 doi: 10.2147/dmso.s268481 id: cord-347984-iqsbrw88 author: Shi, Feng title: Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-06 words: 6946.0 sentences: 411.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347984-iqsbrw88.txt summary: In the pre-scan preparation stage, each subject is instructed and assisted by a technician to pose on the Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19 patient bed according to a given protocol. Recent AI-empowered applications in COVID-19 mainly include the dedicated imaging platform, the lung and infection region segmentation, the clinical assessment and diagnosis, as well as the pioneering basic and clinical research. [57] propose a two-stage pipeline for screening COVID-19 in CT images, in which the whole lung region is first detected by an efficient segmentation network based on UNet++. [58] propose a VB-Net for segmentation of lung, lung lobes and lung infection, which provide accurate quantification data for medical studies, including quantitative assessment of progression in the follow-up, comprehensive prediction of severity in the enrollment, and visualization of lesion distribution using percentage of infection (POI). [11] propose a deep convolutional neural network based model (COVID-Net) to detect COVID-19 cases using X-ray images. abstract: (This paper was submitted as an invited paper to IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering on April 6, 2020.) The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Medical imaging such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19, whereas the recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of the imaging tools and help medical specialists. We hereby review the rapid responses in the community of medical imaging (empowered by AI) toward COVID-19. For example, AI-empowered image acquisition can significantly help automate the scanning procedure and also reshape the workflow with minimal contact to patients, providing the best protection to the imaging technicians. Also, AI can improve work efficiency by accurate delination of infections in X-ray and CT images, facilitating subsequent quantification. Moreover, the computer-aided platforms help radiologists make clinical decisions, i.e., for disease diagnosis, tracking, and prognosis. In this review paper, we thus cover the entire pipeline of medical imaging and analysis techniques involved with COVID-19, including image acquisition, segmentation, diagnosis, and follow-up. We particularly focus on the integration of AI with X-ray and CT, both of which are widely used in the frontline hospitals, in order to depict the latest progress of medical imaging and radiology fighting against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1109/rbme.2020.2987975 doi: 10.1109/rbme.2020.2987975 id: cord-264673-67zopf7s author: Shi, Hongbo title: The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-06-08 words: 3359.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264673-67zopf7s.txt summary: The count and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in critical patients compared to common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The absolute lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was remarkably decreased compared with normal controls (Fig. 1a) . In addition, the percentage of lymphocyte in white blood cells (WBC) decreased in turn in common, severe, and critical patients, and the differences among them were statistically significant (Fig. 1d) . In addition, the expression of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγc in common, severe, and critical patients was significantly lower than that in normal Table 1 Clinical categorization of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia by National Health Commission of China. The most significant finding of this study was the low level of IL-2 in plasma and low expression of IL-2R in PBMC of critical patients, which may result in the remarkable decrease of CD8 + T cell and lymphocytes in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: Although most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have a good prognosis, some patients develop to severe or critical illness, and the mortality of critical cases is up to 61.5%. However, specific molecular information about immune response in critical patients with COVID-19 is poorly understood. A total of 54 patients were enrolled and divided into three groups, among which 34 were common, 14 were severe, and 6 were critical. The constitution of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients was analyzed by CyTOF. The profile of cytokines was examined in plasma of patients using luminex. The IL-2 signaling pathway was investigated in the PBMC of patients by qRT-PCR. The count and percentage of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in critical patients compared to common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The count of T cells, B cells, and NK cells was remarkably decreased in critical patients compared to normal controls. The percentage of CD8(+) T cells was significantly lower in critical patients than that in common and severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The expression of IL-2R, JAK1, and STAT5 decreased in PBMC of common, severe, and critical patients, but IL-2 level was elevated in severe patients and decreased in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The decrease of CD8(+) T cells in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may be related to the IL-2 signaling pathway. The inhibition of IL-2/IL-2R gives rise to CD8(+) T cell and lymphocyte decrease through JAK1-STAT5 in critical patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513989/ doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2636-4 id: cord-279566-27wmd3g5 author: Shi, Li title: Is neutrophilia associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients? A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression date: 2020-07-24 words: 741.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279566-27wmd3g5.txt summary: Considering the inherent differences among studies, we calculated the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous variables by using random-effects model to evaluate the relationship between changes in neutrophil counts and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Although meta-regression did not identify the sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis indicated that our results were reliable and robust. In conclusion, neutrophilia is a risk factor for mortality of COVID-19 patients, and our results are required to be verified by a study analyzing the adjusted effect estimates in the future. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13298 doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13298 id: cord-338231-uni4aqxo author: Shi, Puyu title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study date: 2020-09-30 words: 4306.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338231-uni4aqxo.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan, China: a multicentre retrospective study In this study, we focused on Shaanxi province as a region with imported and second-generation cases and described the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 134 COVID-19 cases in this province with a hope to provide some insight into the prevention and treatment of the disease in China and elsewhere. This retrospective study included 134 confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted and treated in 10 designated hospitals across nine cities (Xi''an, Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Weinan, Xianyang, Shangluo, Yan''an and Tongchuan) in Shaanxi province from 23 January 2020 to 7 March 2020 (Supplementary Table S1 ). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) differs between countries and regions. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of imported and second-generation cases in Shaanxi. This study included 134 COVID-19 cases in Shaanxi outside Wuhan. Clinical data were compared between severe and non-severe cases. We further profiled the dynamic laboratory findings of some patients. In total, 34.3% of the 134 patients were severe cases, 11.2% had complications. As of 7 March 2020, 91.8% patients were discharged and one patient (0.7%) died. Age, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase showed difference between severe and no-severe cases (all P < 0.05). Baseline lymphocyte count was higher in survived patients than in non-survivor case, and it increased as the condition improved, but declined sharply when death occurred. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) level displayed a downtrend in survivors, but rose very high in the death case. Pulmonary fibrosis was found on later chest computed tomography images in 51.5% of the pneumonia cases. Imported and second-generation cases outside Wuhan had a better prognosis than initial cases in Wuhan. Lymphocyte count and IL-6 level could be used for evaluating prognosis. Pulmonary fibrosis as the sequelae of COVID-19 should be taken into account. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32993821/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002332 id: cord-295700-lzaxzuwe author: Shi, Shaobo title: Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 words: 3841.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295700-lzaxzuwe.txt summary: CONCLUSION: The risk of in-hospital death among patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted by markers of myocardial injury, and was significantly associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular comorbidities. The major findings of the present study are as follows: (i) myocardial injury is not uncommon among patients with severe COVID-19, especially among those who die; (ii) elevated levels of myocardial markers predict risk for in-hospital death; and (iii) senior age, inflammatory response, and underlying cardiovascular-related comorbidities are associated with myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. To further analyse related factors of myocardial injury by multivariable regression, senior age, comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and inflammatory markers (e.g. PCT and C-reactive protein) were predictors of in-hospital myocardial injury in patients with severe COVID19 . cTnI and CK-MB levels predict risk for in-hospital death, and myocardial injury is associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular-related comorbidities. abstract: AIMS: To investigate the characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 671 eligible hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 from 1 January to 23 February 2020, with a median age of 63 years. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and compared between patients who died and survivors. Risk factors of death and myocardial injury were analysed using multivariable regression models. A total of 62 patients (9.2%) died, who more often had myocardial injury (75.8% vs. 9.7%; P < 0.001) than survivors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of initial cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–0.96; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.86; P < 0.001]. The single cut-off point and high level of cTnI predicted risk of in-hospital death, hazard ratio (HR) was 4.56 (95% CI, 1.28–16.28; P = 0.019) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07–1.46; P = 0.004), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression, senior age, comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and high level of C-reactive protein were predictors of myocardial injury. CONCLUSION: The risk of in-hospital death among patients with severe COVID-19 can be predicted by markers of myocardial injury, and was significantly associated with senior age, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular comorbidities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32391877/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa408 id: cord-268948-1ns6zi27 author: Shi, Yaling title: Immunopathological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-03-16 words: 3162.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268948-1ns6zi27.txt summary: In the current study, we analyzed multiple cytokines and immune cell populations in the blood of Chinese COVID-19 patients. Total T cell number was significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients, but no significant difference was observed between mild and severe patients ( Figure 1G ). Similarly, CD4+ T helper cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were diminished in COVID-19 patients as compared with the control group, but no significant difference was found between mild and severe patients ( Figure 1H & 1I) . We found that Tregs were increased in mild COVID-19 patients as compared with controls ( Figure 3B ). In the present clinical study, we analyzed almost all immune cell types in both mild and severe COVID-19 patients. IL-10 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine deriving from alternatively activated macrophages, Th2 cells, Tregs, etc 16 In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, and the elevation of IL-2 and IL-6 are reliable indicators of severe COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disorder caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2. The immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 patients, either systemic or local, have not been thoroughly studied. In the present study, we analyzed both the changes in the cellularity of various immune cell types as well as cytokines important for immune reactions and inflammation. Our data indicate that patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited an overall decline of lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells. The number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells was moderately increased in patients with mild COVID-19. IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were remarkably up-regulated in patients with severe COVID-19. The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 relative to the length of hospital stay underwent a similar "rise-decline" pattern, probably reflecting the therapeutic effect. In conclusion, our study shows that the comprehensive decrease of lymphocytes, and the elevation of IL-2 and IL-6 are reliable indicators of severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.12.20034736 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.12.20034736 id: cord-325966-0g7a9s5z author: Shih, Hsin-I. title: Fighting COVID-19: a quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines date: 2020-05-30 words: 7324.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325966-0g7a9s5z.txt summary: Some candidate drugs targeting different levels and stages of human responses against COVID-19 such as cell membrane fusion, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, viral protease inhibitor, interleukin 6 blocker, and convalescent plasma may improve the clinical outcomes of critical COVID-19 patients. However, these clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings are nonspecific and cannot differentiate COVID-19 from other viral respiratory infections; viral diagnostic methods specific for SARS-CoV-2 should be applied for disease confirmation. An open-label study published in 2004 suggested, by comparison with a control group that received only ribavirin, that the addition of lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg, respectively) to ribavirin reduced the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (acute respiratory distress syndrome or death) and viral load among patients with SARS [29] . Some available candidate drugs targeting different levels of human responses to COVID-19, such as cell membrane fusion, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, viral protease inhibitor, IL-6 blocker and convalescent plasma, may improve the clinical outcomes of critical COVID-19 patients. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has infected more than 4.9 million individuals and resulted in over 300,000 deaths globally. The rapid spread of the virus and the precipitously increasing numbers of cases necessitate the urgent development of accurate diagnostic methods, effective treatments, and vaccines. Here, we review the progress of developing diagnostic methods, therapies, and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on current clinical trials and their challenges. For diagnosis, nucleic acid amplification tests remain the mainstay diagnostics for laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while serological antibody tests are used to aid contact tracing, epidemiological, and vaccine evaluation studies. Viral isolation is not recommended for routine diagnostic procedures due to safety concerns. Currently, no single effective drug or specific vaccine is available against SARS-CoV-2. Some candidate drugs targeting different levels and stages of human responses against COVID-19 such as cell membrane fusion, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, viral protease inhibitor, interleukin 6 blocker, and convalescent plasma may improve the clinical outcomes of critical COVID-19 patients. Other supportive care measures for critical patients are still necessary. Advances in genetic sequencing and other technological developments have sped up the establishment of a variety of vaccine platforms. Accordingly, numerous vaccines are under development. Vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 are mainly based upon the viral spike protein due to its vital role in viral infectivity, and most of these candidates have recently moved into clinical trials. Before the efficacy of such vaccines in humans is demonstrated, strong international coordination and collaboration among studies, pharmaceutical companies, regulators, and governments are needed to limit further damage due the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.021 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.021 id: cord-336954-rh88lod0 author: Shim, Eunha title: Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea date: 2020-03-18 words: 2972.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336954-rh88lod0.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) identified on Jan 20, 2020 in South Korea, the number of cases rapidly increased, resulting in 6,284 cases including 42 deaths as of March 6, 2020. However, the number of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection started to increase rapidly on February 19, 2020 with a total of 6,284 confirmed COVID-19 cases including 42 deaths reported as of March 6, 2020 according to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) (KCDC, 2020) ( Table 1 ). Under the empirical reporting delay distribution from early Korean cases with available dates of onset, the intrinsic growth rate (r) was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6, 0.7) and the scaling of growth parameter (p) was estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8), indicating sub-exponential growth dynamics of COVID-19 abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since the first case of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) identified on Jan 20, 2020 in South Korea, the number of cases rapidly increased, resulting in 6,284 cases including 42 deaths as of March 6, 2020. To examine the growth rate of the outbreak, we aimed to present the first study to report the reproduction number of COVID-19 in South Korea. METHODS: The daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in South Korea were extracted from publicly available sources. By using the empirical reporting delay distribution and simulating the generalized growth model, we estimated the effective reproduction number based on the discretized probability distribution of the generation interval. RESULTS: We identified four major clusters and estimated the reproduction number at 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4-1.6). In addition, the intrinsic growth rate was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI: 0.6, 0.7) and the scaling of growth parameter was estimated at 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7, 0.8), indicating sub-exponential growth dynamics of COVID-19. The crude case fatality rate is higher among males (1.1%) compared to females (0.4%) and increases with older age. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate early sustained transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea and support the implementation of social distancing measures to rapidly control the outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32198088/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.031 id: cord-303661-etb19d6y author: Shin, Hyoung-Shik title: Empirical Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-22 words: 4019.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303661-etb19d6y.txt summary: Though the COVID-19 showed pandemic spread and unexpected clinical manifestations characterized by various symptoms throughout the whole body, SARS-CoV-2 seems to be less virulent especially in children and adolescents, in whom the disease mimics common cold caused by seasonal coronaviruses [7] . At the early stage of the epidemic, it had been recommended to apply the treatment regimen of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the case of the patients with severe symptoms [23] . Considering that the infection can be asymptomatic and as it can rapidly spread across national borders, studies-to elucidate the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus, and side effects of medicationsshould be conducted on a global scale; this would help in developing appropriate treatment strategies. abstract: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the population and throughout the cells within our body has been developing. Another major cycle of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is expected in the coming fall, could be even more severe than the current one. Therefore, effective countermeasures should be developed based on the already obtained clinical and research information about SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on the empirical treatment of COVID-19 acquired during this SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle; this would aid the establishment of an appropriate healthcare policy to meet the challenges in the future. The infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by common cold along with hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, in addition to treating common cold, it is essential to minimize the exposure of cells to the virus and to mitigate the uncontrolled immune response. A proper combination of antiviral agents, immune modulators such as prednisolone, and anticoagulants such as heparin and anti-C5a antagonists could be employed to minimize lung damage and prevent systemic involvements. Finally, strategies to achieve population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 should be developed through understanding of the interaction between the immune system and the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32476308/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.142 id: cord-350679-69lv4wbz author: Shinde, Rajesh S. title: To Do or Not to Do?—A Review of Cancer Surgery Triage Guidelines in COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 3474.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350679-69lv4wbz.txt summary: In the absence of actual data on cancer surgery care during this pandemic, clinical decisions should be based on careful consideration of disease-related and patient-related factors. As cancer surgeries involve significant healthcare resources in terms of infrastructure, intensive care unit beds, blood products and manpower, surgical oncologists face a dilemma regarding the triage of surgical patients during this period of uncertainty. A particular concern for a cancer surgeon is to weigh the risk of deferring cancer surgery versus the risk of COVID-19 exposure and infection to patients as well as health care providers. Smoking, one of the commonest risk factors in lung cancer, has not been independently shown to affect the mortality in SARS-CoV-2 patient; however, pre-existing chronic obstructive lung disease is associated with increased mortality [4] . Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health emergency involving more than 200 countries so far. The number of affected population is on rising, so is the mortality. This crisis has overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructures in many affected countries. Due to overall rising cancer incidence and specific concerns, a cohort of cancer patients forms a distinct subset of the population in whom a correct and timely treatment has a huge impact on the outcome. During this period, oncology care is definitely affected owing to many factors like lockdowns, reduced beds and deferral of elective cases to halt the spread of the pandemic. Surgery remains the best line of defence in many solid organ tumours especially in early stage and is potentially curative. China, the source of this pandemic, has taken more than 3 months to enter the post transitional phase of this pandemic. Deferring cancer surgeries for this long period may have a direct impact on the long-term outcomes of cancer patients. Many surgical oncology associations across the globe have come up with triage guidelines for surgical care of cancer patients; however, these are based on expert opinion rather than actual data. Herein, we intend to review these guidelines with respect to the risk of disease progression in cancer patients. In the absence of actual data on cancer surgery care during this pandemic, clinical decisions should be based on careful consideration of disease-related and patient-related factors. While some of the cancer surgeries can be safely delayed for some time, how long we can delay surgeries safely cannot be answered/ explained by any means. Thorough evaluation and discussion by an expert and experienced multidisciplinary team appears to be the most effective way forward. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32395064/ doi: 10.1007/s13193-020-01086-7 id: cord-254464-6l7fwylu author: Shingare, Ashay title: COVID‐19 in recent kidney transplant recipients date: 2020-06-08 words: 1712.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254464-6l7fwylu.txt summary: Younger age, absence of other comorbidities and lower dose of anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) used as induction possibly contributed to good outcome in our recent LDKT recipients compared with earlier published cases of recent deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19. Sooner or later we would need to restart transplant programs, both LDKT & deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT), as dust settles on the acute era to a post-COVID-19 new normal, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be a possibility. During the further follow-up over next 2 months, 2 of these 7 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), 3 tested negative and 2 were not tested as they were asymptomatic. Due to intensive immunosuppression, recent transplant recipients (< 3 months post-transplant) are at increased risk of developing severe disease due to COVID-19. abstract: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic spread across the globe, transplant programs suffered a setback. We report the first experience of COVID‐19 infection within 1 month of living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). We describe 2 LDKT recipients who were detected positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection at day 19 and day 7 post‐transplant. They had minimal symptoms at diagnosis and did not develop any respiratory complications or allograft dysfunction. Immunosuppression was de‐escalated; however, nasopharyngeal swab real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) remained positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 for a prolonged time. Younger age, absence of other comorbidities and lower dose of anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) used as induction possibly contributed to good outcome in our recent LDKT recipients compared with earlier published cases of recent deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16120 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16120 id: cord-267748-uzt8a5nx author: Shiohara, Tetsuo title: Comment on “Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19”: Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-24 words: 920.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267748-uzt8a5nx.txt summary: title: Comment on "Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome in a patient with COVID‐19": Involvement of herpesvirus reactivations and adverse drug reactions in diverse cutaneous manifestations and overall disease severity of COVID‐19 We have read with great interest the publication by Herman, et al., which reported occurrence of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), in a COVID-19 patient: 1 the patient developed DiHS/DRESS 17~18 days after starting azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Indeed, diverse clinical symptoms in DiHS/DRESS have been also reported as COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations without confirming viral or drug etiologies: they include erythema multiforme, varicella, herpes zoster, pityriasis rosea, Kawasaki disease and urticaria, 5~7 in which herpesviruses, such as varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have been suggested to play a role. abstract: We have read with great interest the publication by Herman, et al., which reported occurrence of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), in a COVID‐19 patient:(1) the patient developed DiHS/DRESS 17~18 days after starting azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16959 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16959 id: cord-311342-523zrpbl author: Shipe, Maren E. title: Modeling the Impact of Delaying the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 words: 3528.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311342-523zrpbl.txt summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on 5-year overall survival of delayed surgical biopsy of a lung nodule suspicious for cancer with possible perioperative COVID-19 infection within an early phase infection environment. Five-year overall survival was chosen for the outcome in order to model the impact of cancer progression as well as potential long-term effects of perioperative COVID-19 infection. For the base case scenario, choosing immediate VATS resection of the suspicious lung nodule resulted in improved 5-year overall survival when compared to delayed VATS resection after three months to allow for COVID-19 prevalence to decrease (0.77 and 0.74, respectively). Proceeding with immediate VATS resection of a suspicious lung nodule during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a similar but slightly improved 5-year overall survival when compared to resection after a three-month delay in our base case scenario. abstract: Background The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led surgical societies to recommend delaying diagnosis and treatment of suspected lung cancer in lesions <2 cm. Delaying diagnosis can lead to disease progression, but the impact of this delay on mortality is unknown. The COVID-19 infection rate at which immediate operative risk exceeds benefit is unknown. We sought to model immediate versus delayed surgical resection in a suspicious lung nodule <2 cm. Methods A decision analysis model was developed, and sensitivity analyses performed. The base case was a 65-year-old male smoker with COPD presenting for surgical biopsy of 1.5-2.0 cm lung nodule highly suspicious for cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared immediate surgical resection to delayed resection after three months. The likelihood of key outcomes was derived from the literature where available. The outcome was 5-year overall survival. Results Immediate surgical resection resulted in a similar but slightly higher 5-year overall survival when compared to delayed resection (0.77 versus 0.74), due to the risk of disease progression. However, if the probability of acquired COVID-19 infection is greater than 13%, delayed resection is favorable (0.74 vs 0.73). Conclusions Immediate surgical biopsy of lung nodules suspicious for cancer in hospitals with low COVID-19 prevalence likely results in improved 5-year survival. However, as the risk of perioperative COVID-19 infection increases above 13%, a delayed approach has similar or improved survival. This balance should be frequently re-examined at each healthcare facility throughout the curve of the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003497520316982?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.025 id: cord-288174-w7rw9bej author: Shirai, Tsuyoshi title: COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report date: 2020-09-24 words: 385.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288174-w7rw9bej.txt summary: key: cord-288174-w7rw9bej title: COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax: a case report BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSIONS: Pneumothorax is a notable complication in cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in those who require positive-pressure ventilation. According to a report analys ing the 49 clinical characteristics of 1099 patients in China, 15.7% exhibited 50 severe pneumonia, and 2.3% needed invasive mechanical 51 ventilation [2] . As several cases have been reported, pneumothorax is a 106 rare but lif e-threatening complication of COVID-19 pneumonia [8, 9] . Pneumothorax in a COVID-19 Pneumonia 206 Patient: A Case Report Secondary Tension Pneumothorax in a 209 COVID-19 Pneumonia Patient: A Case Report. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients 219 W ith SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in W uhan Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients W ith Severe Acute 228 abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CASE PRESENTATION: Informed consent was obtained from the patient himself.A 50-year-old man presented with a 9-day history of fever, cough, and dyspnoea. He was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and was admitted to the Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Chest CT showed diffuse patchy ground-glass opacities (GGOs). His state of oxygenation deteriorated, and mechanical ventilation was initiated on day 4 after admission (12(th) day from onset). He improved gradually and was weaned from ventilation on day 15. Sudden onset of bilateral pneumothorax occurred on day 21 with severe respiratory failure, and chest CT revealed pneumatocele formation on both lower lobes. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumothorax is a notable complication in cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in those who require positive-pressure ventilation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120304445?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101230 id: cord-328307-378cfb23 author: Shirazi, Samira title: Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases date: 2020-07-03 words: 1982.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328307-378cfb23.txt summary: title: Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases Recently, an Italian group reported that during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 a 58% increase in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest cases occurred when compared with the same period in 2019. In the present study, we reported sudden cardiac death, which is not the dominant mode of death, in three patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam in March and April 2020. Many studies have reported pneumonia and acute respiratory distress as the main causes of death in COVID-19 patients. reported death due to cardiac failure in a patient with COVID-19 who had no history of cardiovascular problems. Death due to sudden cardiac arrest is not common, but possible, in COVID-19 patients. • Herein we reported three sudden cardiac deaths among 353 proved COVID-19 patients in our institution. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: The mortality rate of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported as 1–6% in most studies. The cause of most deaths has been acute pneumonia. Nevertheless, it has been noted that cardiovascular failure can also lead to death. Three COVID-19 patients were diagnosed based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of a nasopharyngeal swab test and radiological examinations in our hospital. The patients received medications at the discretion of the treating physician. In this case series, chest computed tomography scans and electrocardiograms, along with other diagnostic tests were used to evaluate these individuals. Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients is not common, but it is a major concern. So, it is recommended to monitor cardiac condition in selected patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0082 doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0082 id: cord-342631-ryibszjm author: Shoer, S. title: Who should we test for COVID-19?A triage model built from national symptom surveys date: 2020-05-21 words: 4161.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342631-ryibszjm.txt summary: Here, we devised a model that estimates the probability of an individual to test positive for COVID-19 based on answers to 9 simple questions regarding age, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling, and the symptoms fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell, all of which have been associated with COVID-19 infection. This version of the survey included information on respondents'' age group, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling and a partial list of symptoms, including fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell (see Section 1b in the supplementary appendix). To assess the contribution of reported symptoms and prior medical conditions to both the primary model and the extended features model (in both the Logistic Regression and the Gradient Boosting Decision Trees versions), we constructed baseline models using only age group and gender information to predict our outcome. abstract: The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is detection of viral RNA in a reverse transcription PCR test. Due to global limitations in testing capacity, effective prioritization of individuals for testing is essential. Here, we devised a model that estimates the probability of an individual to test positive for COVID-19 based on answers to 9 simple questions regarding age, gender, presence of prior medical conditions, general feeling, and the symptoms fever, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat and loss of taste or smell, all of which have been associated with COVID-19 infection. Our model was devised from a subsample of a national symptom survey that was answered over 2 million times in Israel over the past 2 months and a targeted survey distributed to all residents of several cities in Israel. Overall, 43,752 adults were included, from which 498 self-reported as being COVID-19 positive. The model provides statistically significant predictions on held-out individuals and achieves a positive predictive value (PPV) of 46.3% at a 10% sensitivity. As our tool can be used online and without the need of exposure to suspected patients, it may have worldwide utility in combating COVID-19 by better directing the limited testing resources through prioritization of individuals for testing, thereby increasing the rate at which positive individuals can be identified and isolated. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105569 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105569 id: cord-271295-24rn45rf author: Shoja, Esmail title: Covid-19 effects on the workload of Iranian healthcare workers date: 2020-11-02 words: 3240.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271295-24rn45rf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the workload and mental health of Iranian medical staff using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and NASA -Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) Questionnaire between March and April 2020, respectively. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the workload and mental health of Iranian medical staff using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and NASA-TLX Questionnaire between March and April 2020, respectively. This questionnaire included the subjects'' sociodemographic information such as age, marital status, sex, job title, shift working (fixed morning, fixed evening, fixed night or rotational), type of employment (contractual or permanent), over times per month (hrs.), duration of employment (in years), educational level (diploma, bachelor''s, master''s, doctoral, and higher), Governmental workplace (yes or no), having contact with COVID-19 patients at workplace (yes or no), interest in job (yes or no), the increased working hours due to COVID-19 prevalence (yes or no), ward of work (ICU, operating room, laboratory, emergency, radiology, nursing station, COVID-19 service center, or others). abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the workload and mental health of Iranian medical staff using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and NASA -Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) Questionnaire between March and April 2020, respectively. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted from March 5th to April 5th, 2020. To evaluate the workload and mental health of participants NASA-TLX and GHQ-12 online questionnaires were distributed. Data were entered into software SPSS (Version 23) and T-test, ANOVA, Regression methods were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Health workers who encountered COVID- 19 patients, were subjected to more task load compared to those who had no contact with COVID- 19 patients at the workplace (p < 0.001). In terms of the subscale score of NASA-TLX, nurses had more scores in mental pressure, physical pressure, time pressure (temporal), and frustration compared to the other jobs (p < 0.05). Moreover, nurses had significantly more workload compared to the other jobs. CONCLUSIONS: Type of job, the shift of work, educational level, and facing COVID-19 affected the score of NASA-TLX. NASA-TLX scores were higher in nursing compared to the scores of other health staff groups. The results of this study indicate that the scores of NASA-TLX and GHQ-12 among staff who had contact with COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than those who did not face COVID-19 patients. We suggested that a comprehensive assistance should be provided to support the well-being of healthcare workers especially nurses and healthcare workers who treated COVID-19 patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12889-020-09743-w. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09743-w doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09743-w id: cord-271483-33kuvpl7 author: Shojaei, Amirahmad title: COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint date: 2020-05-08 words: 3184.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271483-33kuvpl7.txt summary: Based on USFDA regulation, investigational use of off-label medications helps the development of their safety and efficacy which needs to be used in the context of a clinical study protocol [18] . Likewise, we would like to define pseudo-research as using off-label medications in clinical practice without obtaining the patient''s informed consent, and finally publishing the results of drug efficacy as a research article. To do this, the national and international regulatory bodies such as USFDA, and EU, as well as the national ones such as the National Committee of Ethics in Biomedical Research of Iran, should step out of their routine and codify a range of guidelines to address therapeutic and/or investigational use of off-label medications by highlighting the safety concerns of the off-label uses as well as respecting patients autonomy especially in critical situations such as the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the physicians should be careful that the information about the efficacy and safety of off-label medication in clinical practice should not be published as a research article. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak is rapidly spread over the world and kills infected patients. There is no proven medication for its treatment, so, all of the medications used for treatment are considered to be off-label. Off-label uses are not under regulation in the outbreak because there is no specific regulation for this condition. OBJECTIVES: In this short communication we aim at describing two ways of off-label use as clinical practice or investigational use. Further, we will describe the third way of off-label use, we named it pseudo-research and then we will state the most possible ethical challenges of off-label use for better perceptions and responsibility. RESULTS: The WHO considers off-label uses as country-specific. All international regulatory bodies consider off-label prescription as the physician’s responsibility and legal by necessitating some requirements. There is no international guideline for regulating investigational off-label uses as clinical practice. CONCLUSION: There are different types of approaches, none of them is comprehensive and conclusive. Furthermore, respecting the four ethical principles necessitates codification and strict regulation of off-label uses either as clinical practice or investigational. Besides, compilation of a special guideline based on ethical principles especially non-maleficence and autonomy for investigational off-label uses in disasters is highly recommended. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32385829/ doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00351-y id: cord-278933-bwhi4hcl author: Shoji, Hamilton title: Structured thoracic computed tomography report for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-03 words: 1057.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278933-bwhi4hcl.txt summary: The most relevant pieces of information to be conveyed are presence (or not) of pulmonary involvement, if the findings are compatible with infectious process, and, in positive cases, if the changes are suggestive of viral etiology, particularly COVID-19, even if there is overlapping of findings with other infectious diseases (including other viruses). (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) In these cases, we have highlighted in our reports that "the possibility of COVID-19 should be considered in the differential diagnoses", and also included the estimated extent of parenchyma involvement (greater or lesser than 50%). Computed tomography images of a case with initial clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and its respective report, with tomographic findings suggestive of infectious process, but with characteristics that are not usual in COVID-19. (12) Implementing a structured report should be beneficial, particularly in the current scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, for increasing productivity of radiologists and enabling better understanding of the requesting physicians, with a potential positive impact in management of patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ed5720 doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ed5720 id: cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author: Shook, Natalie J. title: Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date: 2020-08-20 words: 4592.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt summary: This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. In general, younger age, higher income, more populated location of residence, more recent illness, better perceived health, having/had COVID-19, greater religiosity, greater extraversion, greater conscientiousness, greater perceived infectability, greater germ aversion, and greater pathogen disgust sensitivity were associated with engaging in most (at least three) of the preventative health behaviors more frequently. When demographic, health, social, personality, and BIS variables were considered simultaneously, greater germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative behaviors. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious global health threat. Without a vaccine, behavior change is the most effective means of reducing disease transmission. Identifying psychological factors that may encourage engagement in preventative health behaviors is crucial. The behavioral immune system (BIS) represents a set of psychological processes thought to promote health by encouraging disease avoidance behaviors. This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). From March 20 to 23, 2020, a US national sample (N = 1019) completed an online survey. Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. Findings have implications for the development of interventions intended to increase preventative health behaviors. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238015 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238015 id: cord-258170-kyztc1jp author: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title: Towards the sustainable development of smart cities through mass video surveillance: A response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-05 words: 5371.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258170-kyztc1jp.txt summary: In particular, we make the following contributions: (a) A deep learning-based framework is presented for monitoring social distancing in the context of sustainable smart cities in an effort to curb the spread of COVID-19 or similar infectious diseases; (b) The proposed system leverages state-of-the-art, deep learning-based real-time object detection models for the detection of people in videos, captured with a monocular camera, to implement social distancing monitoring use cases; (c) A J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f perspective transformation is presented, where the captured video is transformed from a perspective view to a bird''s eye (top-down) view to identify the region of interest (ROI) in which social distancing will be monitored; (d) A detailed performance evaluation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed system on a video surveillance dataset. abstract: Sustainable smart city initiatives around the world have recently had great impact on the lives of citizens and brought significant changes to society. More precisely, data-driven smart applications that efficiently manage sparse resources are offering a futuristic vision of smart, efficient, and secure city operations. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the limitations of existing smart city deployment; hence; the development of systems and architectures capable of providing fast and effective mechanisms to limit further spread of the virus has become paramount. An active surveillance system capable of monitoring and enforcing social distancing between people can effectively slow the spread of this deadly virus. In this paper, we propose a data-driven deep learning-based framework for the sustainable development of a smart city, offering a timely response to combat the COVID-19 pandemic through mass video surveillance. To implementing social distancing monitoring, we used three deep learning-based real-time object detection models for the detection of people in videos captured with a monocular camera. We validated the performance of our system using a real-world video surveillance dataset for effective deployment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670720308003?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102582 id: cord-275974-uqd30v7b author: Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad title: MetaCOVID: A Siamese neural network framework with contrastive loss for n-shot diagnosis of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-17 words: 5429.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275974-uqd30v7b.txt summary: In summary, following are the contributions of our work: (a) A meta learning framework called MetaCOVID based on Siamese neural network is presented for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients from chest X-ray images, (b) The proposed work focuses on the benefit of using contrastive loss and n-shot learning in framework design, (c) A fine-tuned pre-trained VGG encoder is used to capture unbiased feature representations to improve feature embeddings from the input images, (d) The COVID-19 diagnosis problem is formulated as a k-way, n-shot classification problem where k and n represent the number of class labels and data samples used for model training, (e) Performance evaluation is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework with a limited dataset. In contrast, we have proposed an end-to-end trainable nshot deep meta learning framework based on Siamese neural network to classify COVID-19 cases with limited training CXR images. abstract: Various AI functionalities such as pattern recognition and prediction can effectively be used to diagnose (recognize) and predict coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and propose timely response (remedial action) to minimize the spread and impact of the virus. Motivated by this, an AI system based on deep meta learning has been proposed in this research to accelerate analysis of chest X-ray (CXR) images in automatic detection of COVID-19 cases. We present a synergistic approach to integrate contrastive learning with a fine-tuned pre-trained ConvNet encoder to capture unbiased feature representations and leverage a Siamese network for final classification of COVID-19 cases. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed model using two publicly available datasets comprising images from normal, COVID-19 and other pneumonia infected categories. Our model achieves 95.6% accuracy and AUC of 0.97 in diagnosing COVID-19 from CXR images even with a limited number of training samples. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33100403/ doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107700 id: cord-285202-aiap6z9u author: Short, Briana title: Rapid implementation of a mobile prone team during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-25 words: 1726.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285202-aiap6z9u.txt summary: CONCLUSION: The rapid development of a mobile prone team safely provided prone positioning to a large number of COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. The rapid implementation of the mobile COVID-19 Prone Team that travelled to multiple ICUs at our institution during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased the ability to prone patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. By utilizing OTs and PTs who were familiar with critical illness and positioning patients, and by developing a careful but efficient training program, the COVID-19 Prone Team was able to safely provide an evidence-based intervention to critically ill patients with ARDS in a variety of ICU settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the rapid development and implementation of a mobile prone team allowed for increased capacity to prone patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in ICUs beyond the MICUs to meet the surge of critically ill patients during the height of the pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone positioning improves mortality in moderate-to-severe ARDS. Strategies to increase prone positioning under crisis conditions are needed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe the development of a mobile prone team during the height of the crisis in New York City and describe characteristics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients who received prone positioning between April 2, 2020 and April 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ninety patients underwent prone positioning for moderate-to-severe ARDS. Sixty-six patients (73.3%) were men, with a median age of 64 years (IQR 53–71), and the median PaO(2):FiO(2) ratio was 107 (IQR 85–140) prior to prone positioning. Patients required an average of 3 ± 2.2 prone sessions and the median time of each prone session was 19 h (IQR 17.5–20.75). By the end of the study period, proning was discontinued in sixty-seven (65.1%) cases due to clinical improvement, twenty (19.4%) cases due to lack of clinical improvement, six (5.8%) cases for clinical worsening, and ten (9.7%) cases due to a contraindication. CONCLUSION: The rapid development of a mobile prone team safely provided prone positioning to a large number of COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883944120306663 doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.020 id: cord-255909-m94j1rh4 author: Shree, Priya title: Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study date: 2020-08-27 words: 5495.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255909-m94j1rh4.txt summary: title: Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants – Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) – a molecular docking study Molecular docking study showed six probable inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) (Main protease), two from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (Withanoside V [10.32 kcal/mol] and Somniferine [9.62 kcal/mol]), one from Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) (Tinocordiside [8.10 kcal/mol]) and three from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) (Vicenin [8.97 kcal/mol], Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte [8.55 kcal/mol] and Ursolic acid [8.52 kcal/mol]). Active phytoconstituents of Ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) predicted to significantly hinder main protease (M(pro) or 3Cl(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study, Withanoside V, Somniferine, Tinocordiside, Vicenin, Ursolic acid and Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte were anticipated to impede the activity of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). abstract: COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a transmissible disease initiated and propagated through a new virus strain SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) since 31(st) December 2019 in Wuhan city of China and the infection has outspread globally influencing millions of people. Here, an attempt was made to recognize natural phytochemicals from medicinal plants, in order to reutilize them against COVID-19 by the virtue of molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study. Molecular docking study showed six probable inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) (Main protease), two from Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) (Withanoside V [10.32 kcal/mol] and Somniferine [9.62 kcal/mol]), one from Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) (Tinocordiside [8.10 kcal/mol]) and three from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) (Vicenin [8.97 kcal/mol], Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte [8.55 kcal/mol] and Ursolic acid [8.52 kcal/mol]). ADMET profile prediction showed that the best docked phytochemicals from present work were safe and possesses drug-like properties. Further MD simulation study was performed to assess the constancy of docked complexes and found stable. Hence from present study it could be suggested that active phytochemicals from medicinal plants could potentially inhibit M(pro) HIGHLIGHTS: Holistic approach of Ayurvedic medicinal plants to avenge against COVID-19 pandemic. Active phytoconstituents of Ayurvedic medicinal plants Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) predicted to significantly hinder main protease (M(pro) or 3Cl(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation study, Withanoside V, Somniferine, Tinocordiside, Vicenin, Ursolic acid and Isorientin 4′-O-glucoside 2″-O-p-hydroxybenzoagte were anticipated to impede the activity of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). Drug-likeness and ADMET profile prediction of best docked compounds from present study were predicted to be safe, drug-like compounds with no toxicity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1810778 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1810778 id: cord-258846-v6aaflzc author: Shruti, V.C. title: Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis date: 2020-10-20 words: 3161.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt summary: In developing countries such as Thailand, Japan, Mexico, Vietnam, and South Africa, where surgical and N95 masks have been reserved for health care providers or are scarce, the main alternative for the general public seems to be the use of nonmedical reusable masks made up of fabric or cloth. Considering that plastic pollution in the marine environment is a global issue, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced changes, an increasing number of research papers have raised concerns about plastic waste management and the improper disposal of PPE (Sharma et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2020) . As textiles have become an important source of microplastics, arguably, it is important to consider including reusable masks in microplastic research to address questions concerning its contribution to microfiber generation during machineand hand-laundering. Covid-19 face masks: a potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111777 doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111777 id: cord-032383-2dqpxumn author: Shuja, Junaid title: COVID-19 open source data sets: a comprehensive survey date: 2020-09-21 words: 16201.0 sentences: 980.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032383-2dqpxumn.txt summary: Our survey is motivated by the open source efforts that can be mainly categorized as (a) COVID-19 diagnosis from CT scans, X-ray images, and cough sounds, (b) COVID-19 case reporting, transmission estimation, and prognosis from epidemiological, demographic, and mobility data, (c) COVID-19 emotional and sentiment analysis from social media, and (d) knowledge-based discovery and semantic analysis from the collection of scholarly articles covering COVID-19. Automated CT scan based COVID-19 detection techniques work with training the learning model on existing CT scan data sets that contain labeled images of COVID-19 positive and normal cases. Triggered by this challenge limiting the adoption of AI/ML-powered COVID-19 diagnosis, forecasting, and mitigation, we make the first effort in surveying research works based on open source data sets concerning COVID-19 pandemic. The authors enlist the application of deep and transfer learning on their extracted data set for identification of COVID-19 while utilizing motivation from earlier studies that learned the type of pneumonia from similar images [47] . abstract: In December 2019, a novel virus named COVID-19 emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus spread in all continents of the world except Antarctica, causing widespread infections and deaths due to its contagious characteristics and no medically proven treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has been termed as the most consequential global crisis since the World Wars. The first line of defense against the COVID-19 spread are the non-pharmaceutical measures like social distancing and personal hygiene. The great pandemic affecting billions of lives economically and socially has motivated the scientific community to come up with solutions based on computer-aided digital technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and estimation of COVID-19. Some of these efforts focus on statistical and Artificial Intelligence-based analysis of the available data concerning COVID-19. All of these scientific efforts necessitate that the data brought to service for the analysis should be open source to promote the extension, validation, and collaboration of the work in the fight against the global pandemic. Our survey is motivated by the open source efforts that can be mainly categorized as (a) COVID-19 diagnosis from CT scans, X-ray images, and cough sounds, (b) COVID-19 case reporting, transmission estimation, and prognosis from epidemiological, demographic, and mobility data, (c) COVID-19 emotional and sentiment analysis from social media, and (d) knowledge-based discovery and semantic analysis from the collection of scholarly articles covering COVID-19. We survey and compare research works in these directions that are accompanied by open source data and code. Future research directions for data-driven COVID-19 research are also debated. We hope that the article will provide the scientific community with an initiative to start open source extensible and transparent research in the collective fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7503433/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-01862-6 id: cord-317761-tkqmu1va author: Shukla, Ashutosh M title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-28 words: 4111.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt summary: This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment. 1 These agents have also shown a promising role in viral infections, and with the recent declaration on March 12th, 2020, by the World Health Organization that coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic, these compounds have rapidly gained worldwide attention for their ability to control the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). 1 These include inhibition of ligand-based toll-like receptor stimulation, inhibition of nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) pathways in macrophages with resultant reduction in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced processing of the endogenous and exogenous ligands through lysosomes and endosomes with resultant reduction in the availability of processed antigens for presentation to the major ISSN: 1740-4398 REVIEW -Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19 drugsincontext.com histocompatibility complex-T cell receptor interactions, and downstream activation of cellular immunity. abstract: Chloroquine and closely related structural analogs, employed initially for the treatment of malaria, are now gaining worldwide attention due to the rapidly spreading pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, named coronavirus disease (COVID) of 2019 (COVID-19). Although much of this attention has a mechanistic basis, the hard efficacy data for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in the management of the clinical syndrome of COVID-19 have been limited thus far. This review aims to present the available in vitro and clinical data for the role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and attempts to put them into perspective, especially in relation to the different risks/benefits particular to each patient who may require treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-4-5 doi: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-5 id: cord-348717-qgny6f6y author: Shumba, Constance title: Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date: 2020-09-25 words: 8589.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.txt summary: Anecdotal evidence in Kenya shows that the COVID-19 pandemic is contributing to deteriorating optimal environments that threaten children''s early development and has direct health impacts on caregivers and children [11] [12] [13] . There are several far-reaching, interlinked direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated control measures on nurturing care and related ECD outcomes including children''s cognitive, physical, language, motor, and social and emotional development (Figure 1 ). There is a need to build and leverage community level programs and policy support, targeting children at risk of abuse and neglect, and adolescents at risk of early pregnancy, to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic, such as poor nurturing care environments and transactional sex for food and pads among adolescent girls, all of which subsequently leading to poor child development outcomes. abstract: In Kenya, millions of children have limited access to nurturing care. With the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is anticipated that vulnerable children will bear the biggest brunt of the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic. This review aimed to deepen understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on nurturing care from conception to four years of age, a period where the care of children is often delivered through caregivers or other informal platforms. The review has drawn upon the empirical evidence from previous pandemics and epidemics, and anecdotal and emerging evidence from the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Multifactorial impacts fall into five key domains: direct health; health and nutrition systems; economic protection; social and child protection; and child development and early learning. The review proposes program and policy strategies to guide the reorientation of nurturing care, prevent the detrimental effects associated with deteriorating nurturing care environments, and support the optimal development of the youngest and most vulnerable children. These include the provision of cash transfers and essential supplies for vulnerable households and strengthening of community-based platforms for nurturing care. Further research on COVID-19 and the ability of children’s ecology to provide nurturing care is needed, as is further testing of new ideas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992966/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197028 id: cord-350636-ufwfitue author: Shumilov, Evgenii title: Comparison of Chest Ultrasound and Standard X-Ray Imaging in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-09-02 words: 2368.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350636-ufwfitue.txt summary: We aimed to investigate patterns of ChUS in COVID-19 patients and compare the findings with results from chest X-ray (CRX). We aimed to investigate patterns of ChUS in COVID-19 patients and compare the findings with results from chest X-ray (CRX). Besides pathological B-lines and subpleural consolidations, pleural line abnormality (89 %; n = 16/18) was the third most common feature in patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 detected by ChUS. Besides pathological B-lines and subpleural consolidations, pleural line abnormality (89 %; n = 16/18) was the third most common feature in patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 detected by ChUS. A Clinical Study of Noninvasive Assessment of Lung Lesions in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) by Bedside Ultrasound abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for the medical community due to its large number of patients presenting with varying symptoms. Chest ultrasound (ChUS) may be particularly useful in the early clinical management in suspected COVID-19 patients due to its broad availability and rapid application. We aimed to investigate patterns of ChUS in COVID-19 patients and compare the findings with results from chest X-ray (CRX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 patients (18 symptomatic, 6 asymptomatic) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction underwent bedside ChUS in addition to CRX following admission. Subsequently, the results of ChUS and CRX were compared. RESULTS: 94% (n=17/18) of patients with respiratory symptoms demonstrated lung abnormalities on ChUS. ChUS was especially useful to detect interstitial syndrome compared to CXR in COVID-19 patients (17/18 vs. 11/18; p<0.02). Of note, ChUS also detected lung consolidations very effectively (14/18 for ChUS vs. 7/18 cases for CXR; p<0.02). Besides pathological B-lines and subpleural consolidations, pleural line abnormality (89%; n=16/18) was the third most common feature in patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 detected by ChUS. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the high value of ChUS in the management of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905446/ doi: 10.1055/a-1217-1603 id: cord-291032-l813q689 author: Shupler, M. title: COVID-19 Lockdown in a Kenyan Informal Settlement: Impacts on Household Energy and Food Security date: 2020-05-29 words: 4667.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291032-l813q689.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291032-l813q689.txt summary: These results indicate the livelihoods of urban Kenyan families were deleteriously affected by COVID-19 lockdown, with a likely rise in household air pollution from community-level increases in polluting fuel use. [8] [9] [10] To combat the adverse health, environmental and social effects of reliance on polluting fuels and associated HAP exposures, 11, 12 several African countries (e.g. Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon), have set aspirational targets for rapid market expansion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. This timely pre-post study documented an extremely high proportion (88%; n=180) of households experiencing food insecurity due to income decline/cessation during the COVID-19 lockdown in a Kenyan urban informal settlement ( Table 3) . Elevated HAP exposures among the study population may offset potential health benefits from the decrease in ambient air pollution levels during COVID-19 lockdown ( Figure 3 ), 39 which were documented in studies conducted in high-income countries. abstract: A COVID-19 lockdown may impact household fuel use and food security for ~700 million sub-Saharan Africans who rely on polluting fuels (e.g. wood, kerosene) for household energy and typically work in the informal economy. In an informal settlement in Nairobi, surveys administered before (n=474) and after (n=194) a mandatory COVID-19-related community lockdown documented socioeconomic/household energy impacts. During lockdown, 95% of participants indicated income decline or cessation and 88% reported being food insecure. Three quarters of participants cooked less frequently and half altered their diet. One quarter (27%) of households primarily using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking before lockdown switched to kerosene (14%) or wood (13%). These results indicate the livelihoods of urban Kenyan families were deleteriously affected by COVID-19 lockdown, with a likely rise in household air pollution from community-level increases in polluting fuel use. To safeguard public health, policies should prioritize enhancing clean fuel and food access among the urban poor. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.27.20115113 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115113 id: cord-284979-lyt98od1 author: Sia, Charmaine Si Min title: Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Proposed Clinical Management Strategy date: 2020-07-30 words: 2859.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284979-lyt98od1.txt summary: We report our experience in treating the first case of COVID-19 in a HD patient in Singapore who had a severe clinical course including acute respiratory distress syndrome and propose a clinical management strategy. We also highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention for disease control, dialysis support in an acute hospital isolation facility, deisolation protocol, and discharge planning due to prolonged viral shedding. A case series of an outbreak in a dialysis center in Wuhan, where HD patients were observed to have a milder disease course or total absence of symptoms with lower levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, suggested that this is due to the inability to mount an effective cellular immune response and hence an absence of cytokine release syndrome [3] . We examined international guidelines provided by different centers [14] and proposed a workflow based on the time points of the clinical course of COVID-19 disease in ESKD patients (Fig. 3) . abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a catastrophic global health crisis. There is a lack of mitigation and clinical management strategies for COVID-19 in specific patient cohorts such as hemodialysis (HD) patients. We report our experience in treating the first case of COVID-19 in a HD patient in Singapore who had a severe clinical course including acute respiratory distress syndrome and propose a clinical management strategy. We propose a clinical workflow in managing such patients based on available evidence from literature review. We also highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention for disease control, dialysis support in an acute hospital isolation facility, deisolation protocol, and discharge planning due to prolonged viral shedding. The case highlights important points specific to a HD patient with a COVID-19 diagnosis, tailored interventions for each stage of the disease, and deisolation considerations in the recovery phase. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509792 doi: 10.1159/000509792 id: cord-332924-u6acq4mg author: Sibiri, Hagan title: Containing the impact of COVID-19: Review of Ghana''s response approach date: 2020-11-04 words: 2046.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332924-u6acq4mg.txt summary: • Ghana''s government have resorted to pronouncing directives and touting the implementing of a targeted and proactive so-called approach of ''Tracing,'' ''Testing,'' and ''Treatment'' as its main COVID-19 response. • First, limit and stop the importation of new cases; second, prevent community spread; third, isolate, treat and take care of the sick; fourth, ensure self-reliance and expand the domestic capability; last but not least, limit the impact on social and economic life. Instead, governments have resorted to pronouncing directives and touting the implementing of a targeted and proactive so-called approach of ''Tracing,'' ''Testing,'' and ''Treatment'' as its primary COVID-19 response -where ''Tracing'' means aggressive contact tracing to identify infected and high-risk people in the communities; Testing means enhancing the testing capacity of the country; Treatment means isolating and treating persons who have tested positive. After careful analysis of actions, directives, and speeches by government and public health officials leading the fight, Ghana''s response strategy can be categorized into five-part policy programs. abstract: • Ghana's government have resorted to pronouncing directives and touting the implementing of a targeted and proactive so-called approach of ‘Tracing,’ ‘Testing,’ and ‘Treatment’ as its main COVID-19 response. • Analysis of actions, directives, and speeches by government and public health officials leading the fight shows that Ghana's response strategy can be categorized into five-part policy programs. • First, limit and stop the importation of new cases; second, prevent community spread; third, isolate, treat and take care of the sick; fourth, ensure self-reliance and expand the domestic capability; last but not least, limit the impact on social and economic life. • Although the cases keep rising, these approaches, in general, has been a success in minimize critical cases and case-fatality rates. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.10.015 id: cord-287625-dysdzjj1 author: Siddaway, Andy P title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-18 words: 511.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287625-dysdzjj1.txt summary: The media has discussed a "pandemic of severe mental health disorders", 2 and there is a widespread perceived need to offer psychological interventions. Researchers investigating individual, societal, media, and mental health service responses to COVID-19 must avoid assuming psychological problems in people who are experiencing COVID-19-related distress. Adopting a diathesis-stress model of distress, the outbreak of COVID-19 is likely to either contribute towards exacer bating mental health difficulties in some individuals who were already experiencing psychological problems, or contribute towards the onset of problems in some individuals who are vulnerable. However, it is crucial that researchers keep context in mind when determining the presence of mental health problems; endorsing COVID-19-related distress or psychiatric symp toms might not itself be enough to indicate psychological problems. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563318/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30220-0 id: cord-355674-mhi85px5 author: Siddiqi, Hasan K. title: Increased prevalence of myocardial injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia. date: 2020-11-10 words: 1731.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355674-mhi85px5.txt summary: The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia have a significantly higher prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury during their hospitalization, compared to non-viremic patients. This first report of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay between these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. This first report of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay between these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 have a high prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury. In addition, a subset of COVID-19 patients have detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral loads. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin, and myocardial injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS: SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load was measured in plasma samples drawn from patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at two academic medical centers. Baseline characteristics and clinically obtained high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) values were abstracted from the medical record. The main outcome was detectable hs-cTnT (≥6ng/mL) and myocardial injury (hs-cTnT ≥14ng/mL; >99th percentile for assay). RESULTS: 70 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in this study, with 39% females and median age 58 +/- 17 years. 21 patients (30%) were found to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 viral load and were classified in the viremia group. Patients with viremia were significantly older than those without viremia. 100% of viremic patients had detectable troponin during hospitalization, compared to 59% of non-viremic patients (p=0.0003). Myocardial injury was seen in 76% of viremic patients and 38% of non-viremic patients (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV-2 viremia have a significantly higher prevalence of detectable troponin and myocardial injury during their hospitalization, compared to non-viremic patients. This first report of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viremia, detectable troponin and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients points to additional mechanistic pathways that require deeper study to understand the complex interplay between these unique findings, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.09.046 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.09.046 id: cord-333144-gyuh2fvl author: Siddiqui, Arif Jamal title: Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-05 words: 7806.0 sentences: 436.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt summary: Therefore, this review focuses on the current use of various drugs as single agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, umifenovir, teicoplanin, nitazoxanide, doxycycline, and dexamethasone) or in combinations with immunomodulators additionally. While some drugs have shown therapeutic effect against COVID-19 infection such as hydroxychloroquine (Al-Kofahi et al., 2020; Choudhary & Sharma 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Sinha & Balayla 2020) , azithromycin, (Andreani et al., 2020a; Choudhary & Sharma 2020) ivermectin (Caly et al., 2020; Chaccour et al., 2020; Choudhary & Sharma 2020) and some other antivirals (Asai et al., 2020; Boopathi et al., 2020; Lian et al., 2020) . Consequently, this review will provide an insight and comprehensive view on different therapeutic approaches including combining of different known anti-parasitic drugs, as well as proposing novel suggestions of chemoprophylaxis drug therapy, which can be used in the current treatment and vaccine development strategies against COVID-19 disease. abstract: The spread of new coronavirus infection starting December 2019 as novel SARS-CoV-2, identified as the causing agent of COVID-19, has affected all over the world and been declared as pandemic. Approximately, more than 8,807,398 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and 464,483 deaths have been reported globally till the end of 21 June 2020. Until now, there is no specific drug therapy or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19. However, some potential antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, antifilarial drug ivermectin and antiviral drugs have been tested by many research groups worldwide for their possible effect against the COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin have been identified to act by creating the acidic condition in cells and inhibiting the importin (IMPα/β1) mediated viral import. There is a possibility that some other antimalarial drugs/antibiotics in combination with immunomodulators may help in combatting this pandemic disease. Therefore, this review focuses on the current use of various drugs as single agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, umifenovir, teicoplanin, nitazoxanide, doxycycline, and dexamethasone) or in combinations with immunomodulators additionally. Furthermore, possible mode of action, efficacy and current stage of clinical trials of various drug combinations against COVID-19 disease has also been discussed in detail. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345 doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345 id: cord-325152-ffmo67hm author: Siddiqui, Raheel S title: Onset of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-10-03 words: 1460.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325152-ffmo67hm.txt summary: Several cases of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented with severe hyperglycemia along with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic state during their acute phase of illness have been identified [3] . In our case, the patient remained mildly hyperglycemic during the course of his COVID-19 pneumonia; however, he presented with diabetic ketoacidosis six weeks after being discharged. In one study, three patients, who developed ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus immediately after documented viral infection with EBV or coxsackievirus and required insulin therapy on discharge, were followed for four to eight years; the first patient remained insulin-dependent throughout the life, the second one regained normal glucose tolerance, and the third one was being transitioned to oral antidiabetic medications [6] . Patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state during the acute phase of infection have been identified [3, 9] . We reported a case of a young male who developed full-blown ketosis-prone type II diabetes mellitus status post-SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery. abstract: Diabetic ketoacidosis is typically associated with type I diabetes mellitus, but it can be associated with type II diabetes mellitus under the conditions of extreme stress or as a presenting manifestation of ketosis-prone type II diabetes mellitus. A 38-year-old prediabetic male presented to the emergency room with hyperglycemia six weeks after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Laboratory results showed severe hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, positive ketones in urine and blood, and elevated fasting C- peptide level. COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were positive. The workup was completely unremarkable for acute infection. Hemoglobin A1C increased from 6.1% to 10.8% within six weeks. The mechanism by which COVID-19 infection may trigger the onset of full-blown diabetes mellitus remains unknown. Viral infection may cause the direct destruction of pancreatic beta cells or trigger the changes in the body that induce the state of insulin resistance. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may cross-react or interfere with the functioning of endogenous insulin. The association between type II diabetes and COVID-19 infections needs additional investigations to ascertain the exact mechanism by which COVID-19 infection triggers the onset of full-blown diabetes mellitus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154847/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10779 id: cord-331087-kpze9xux author: Siddiqui, S. title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and stability in a tertiary care hospital-setting date: 2020-09-03 words: 3245.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331087-kpze9xux.txt summary: To estimate the burden of the disease with time it is important to undertake a longitudinal seroprevalence study which will also help to understand the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This study was conceptualized with an aim to estimate the seroprevalence in hospital and general population and determine the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCW. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study to estimate the prevalence of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among workers of a private hospital in Delhi with different levels of exposure to COVID-19 cases. The present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Delhi and to observe how long the antibodies persist in the body. In a recently published brief report from Mumbai, India, conducted among the HCWs of three hospitals, highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are not detected after 50 days, in RT-PCR positive individuals contrasting our observations 24 . abstract: Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused 64,469 deaths in India, with 7, 81, 975 active cases till 30th August 2020, lifting it to 3rd rank globally. To estimate the burden of the disease with time it is important to undertake a longitudinal seroprevalence study which will also help to understand the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Various studies have been conducted worldwide to assess the antibody stability. However, there is very limited data available from India. Healthcare workers (HCW) are the frontline workforce and more exposed to the COVID-19 infection (SARS-CoV-2) compared to the community. This study was conceptualized with an aim to estimate the seroprevalence in hospital and general population and determine the stability of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HCW. Methods: Staff of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi and individuals visiting that hospital were recruited between April to August 2020. Venous blood sample, demographic, clinical, COVID-19 symptoms, and RT-PCR data was collected from all participants. Serological testing was performed using the electro-chemiluminescence based assay developed by Roche Diagnostics, in Cobas Elecsys 411. Seropositive participants were followed- upto 83 days to check for the presence of antibodies. Results: A total of 780 participants were included in this study, which comprised 448 HCW and 332 individuals from the general population. Among the HCW, seroprevalence rates increased from 2.3% in April to 50.6% in July. The cumulative prevalence was 16.5% in HCW and 23.5% (78/332) in the general population with a large number of asymptomatic individuals. Out of 74 seropositive HCWs, 51 were followed-up for the duration of this study. We observed that in all seropositive cases the antibodies were sustained even up to 83 days. Conclusion: The cumulative prevalence of seropositivity was lower in HCWs than the general population. There were a large number of asymptomatic cases and the antibodies developed persisted through the duration of the study. More such longitudinal serology studies are needed to better understand the antibody response kinetics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.02.20186486v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.02.20186486 id: cord-276234-2nkeq4ud author: Siedlecki, Jakob title: COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic date: 2020-05-06 words: 3702.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276234-2nkeq4ud.txt summary: Indeed, ophthalmologists seem to rank among the medical specialties with the highest risk for COVID-19 infection, probably due to close patient contact during examination, e.g., at the slit lamp [4] , and possible conjunctival involvement during the course of the disease [5, 6] . In this paper, a systematic review of current COVID-19 literature relevant for ophthalmological practice is performed, with a special focus on modes of transmission, the prevention thereof, structural adjustments of clinical care required during the pandemic, and possible ocular manifestations of this novel disease. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV 2, currently causing the COVID-19 pandemic, has severe implications for ophthalmologybe it because the eyes represent an important route of infection, most probably through lacrimal drainage into the nasal mucosa, or because of ocular manifestations, which, even if rather rare, can represent the first symptoms of this novel disease [29] . abstract: Purpose To perform a systematic analysis of articles on the ophthalmological implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed.gov was searched for relevant articles using the keywords “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, and “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “ophthalmology” and “eye”. Moreover, official recommendations of ophthalmological societies were systematically reviewed, with a focus on the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth). Results As of April 16, 2020, in total, 21 peer-reviewed articles on the ophthalmological aspects of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 12 (57.1%) were from Asia, 6 (28.6%) from the United States of America, and 3 (14.3%) from Europe. There were 5 (23.8%) original studies, 10 (47.6%) letters, 3 (14.2%) case reports, and 3 (14.2%) reviews. These articles could be classified into the topics “Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission”, “Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19”, “Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic”, and “Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure”. Practical recommendations could be extracted from official statements of the AAO and the RCOphth. Conclusion Within a short period, a growing body of articles has started to elucidate the ophthalmological implications of COVID-19. As the eye can represent a route of infection (actively via tears and passively via the nasoacrimal duct), ophthalmological care has to undergo substantial modifications during this pandemic. In the eye, COVID-19 can manifest as keratoconjunctivitis. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1164-9381 doi: 10.1055/a-1164-9381 id: cord-315457-w1nx9g91 author: Siedner, Mark J title: Desperate times call for temperate measures: practicing infectious diseases during a novel pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 1025.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315457-w1nx9g91.txt summary: authors: Siedner, Mark J; Gandhi, Rajesh T; Kim, Arthur Y Of the thousands of peer-reviewed articles indexed in Pubmed, exactly one has reported the results of a randomized controlled trial; a single-centered study with approximately 200 COVID-19 infected individuals, investigating a drug developed for another virus, and resulting in a null finding. And although we agree with ethical obligations that compel medical researchers to make their data publicly available so it can inform the epidemic response, we also remain acutely aware that there has been a corresponding pandemic of COVID-19 misinformation. In the coming months, there will be results from well-designed and peer-reviewed trials that we hope will reveal therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. In the meantime, we will be asked countless times to help decide which ones are which, often by trusted colleagues in search of a miracle for patients in extremis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32315424/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa209 id: cord-260257-phmd0u6d author: Siegler, Aaron J title: Willingness to seek laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 with home, drive-through, and clinic-based specimen collection locations date: 2020-06-30 words: 3710.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260257-phmd0u6d.txt summary: METHODS: A cross-sectional, online survey in the United States measured willingness to seek testing if feeling ill under different specimen collection scenarios: home-based saliva, home-based swab, drive-through facility swab, and clinic-based swab. 8, 9 Calls for home-based specimen collection or drive-through specimen collection models to address SARS-CoV-2 virus test scale-up have cogently argued that these approaches have the benefit of (1) avoiding burdening hospitals at a critical time, (2) avoiding potential nosocomial infections (the risk of acquiring disease from clinical or laboratory settings), (3) likely lowering costs, and (4) potentially achieving rapid scale-up due to laboratory centralization. We conducted an online survey to assess patient willingness to use the following SARS-CoV-2 testing modalities for clinical care: home-based specimen collection, drive-through testing, and clinic-based testing. Across a diverse sample of 1,435 participants, one-third more persons reported that they would be willing to collect specimens at home for SARS-CoV-2 testing if they experienced illness, compared to clinic-based testing. abstract: BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 virus testing for persons with COVID-19 symptoms, and contact tracing for those testing positive, will be critical to successful epidemic control. Willingness of persons experiencing symptoms to seek testing may determine the success of this strategy. METHODS: A cross-sectional, online survey in the United States measured willingness to seek testing if feeling ill under different specimen collection scenarios: home-based saliva, home-based swab, drive-through facility swab, and clinic-based swab. Instructions clarified that home-collected specimens would be mailed to a laboratory for testing. We presented similar willingness questions regarding testing during follow-up care. RESULTS: Of 1435 participants, comprising a broad range of sociodemographic groups, 92% were willing to test with a home saliva specimen, 88% with home swab, 71% with drive-through swab, and 60% with clinic collected swab. Moreover, 68% indicated they would be more likely to get tested if there was a home testing option. There were no significant differences in willingness items across sociodemographic variables or for those currently experiencing COVID-19 symptoms. Results were nearly identical for willingness to receive testing for follow-up COVID-19 care. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a hierarchy of willingness to test for SARS-CoV-2, ordered by the degree of contact required. Home specimen collection options could result in up to one-third more symptomatic persons seeking testing, facilitating contact tracing and optimal clinical care. Remote specimen collection options may ease supply chain challenges and decrease the likelihood of nosocomial transmission. As home specimen collection options receive regulatory approval, they should be scaled rapidly by health systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa269 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa269 id: cord-277812-4cz2hziz author: Sieni, Elena title: Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1‐year‐old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment‐induced immunosuppression date: 2020-05-19 words: 1345.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277812-4cz2hziz.txt summary: Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it has emerged that the clinical course and outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is definitely more favourable in children than in adults.1 Few cases of infection in children with cancer are described; also in these patients, except for one reported case,2 the disease was largely asymptomatic.3 Nevertheless, the management of COVID-19 in young patients with comorbidities, particularly cancer, remains a challenge for the clinician; further data are required to optimize the clinical approach to these cases. Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it has emerged that the clinical course and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is definitely more favourable in children than in adults. On day 18, routine laboratory testing further improved (WBC 2080 cells/µl with 48% neutrophils, Hb 112 g/l, PLTs correspondence 297 000/µl, negative CRP), and she was finally discharged, despite persistent positivity for SARS-CoV-2 at nasal swab, with oral prophylactic anti-microbial therapy. abstract: Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, it has emerged that the clinical course and outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is definitely more favourable in children than in adults.1 Few cases of infection in children with cancer are described; also in these patients, except for one reported case,2 the disease was largely asymptomatic.3 Nevertheless, the management of COVID-19 in young patients with comorbidities, particularly cancer, remains a challenge for the clinician; further data are required to optimize the clinical approach to these cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369615/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16781 id: cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author: Siepmann, Timo title: Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 5096.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt summary: We systematically searched electronic databases including MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library for identification of all available observational studies that reported on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years with information given on disease severity and past history of CVD. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive value of history of CVD for severity outcomes of COVID-19 including clinical severity according to the classification by the National Health Commission guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19, in-hospital death and necessity of intensive care [10]. When considering only published data from Chinese cohorts in pooled analysis (n = 1805), history of CVD was also associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19 (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.94-2.94; p < 0.0001) with similar results on sensitivity analyses for study-specific severity outcomes (clinical parameters: RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28-2.63; p = 0.001; necessity of intensive care: RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.61-5.24; p < 0.0001 and in-hospital death: RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.7-2.7; p < 0.0001). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) increases risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: In a retrospective multicenter study, we retrieved individual data from in-patients treated March 1 to April 15, 2020 from COVID-19 registries of three hospitals in Saxony, Germany. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA recommendations using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and bibliographies of identified papers (last search on April 11, 2020) and pooled data with those deriving from our multicenter study. Of 3762 records identified, 11 eligible observational studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in quantitative data synthesis. Risk ratios (RR) of severe COVID-19 according to history of CVD were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2-statistics. Severity of COVID-19 according to definitions applied in included studies was the main outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for clusters of studies with equal definitions of severity. RESULTS: Pooled analysis included data from 1906 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (43.9% females, median age ranging from 39 to 76 years). Patients with previous CVD had higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those without [RR 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.81; p < 0.0001]. This association was also observed in clusters of studies that defined severe manifestation of the disease by clinical parameters (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.71; p < 0.0001), necessity of intensive care (RR 2.79, 95% CI 1.83–4.24; p < 0.0001) and in-hospital death (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.75–2.7; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: A history of CVD might constitute an important risk factor of unfavorable clinical course of COVID-19 suggesting a need of tailored infection prevention and clinical management strategies for this population at risk. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10121-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761508/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10121-0 id: cord-325186-nq6ay4eo author: Sieswerda, Elske title: Recommendations for antibacterial therapy in adults with COVID-19 – An evidence based guideline date: 2020-10-01 words: 855.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325186-nq6ay4eo.txt summary: SCOPE: The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy constituted a multidisciplinary expert committee to provide evidence-based recommendation for the use of antibacterial therapy in hospitalized adults with a respiratory infection and suspected or proven 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). QUESTIONS ADDRESSED BY THE GUIDELINE AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We assessed evidence on the risk of bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the associated bacterial pathogens, how to diagnose bacterial infections and how to treat bacterial infections. For patients with secondary bacterial respiratory infection we recommend to follow other guideline recommendations on antibacterial treatment for patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. An antibiotic treatment duration of five days in patients with COVID-19 and suspected bacterial respiratory infection is recommended upon improvement of signs, symptoms and inflammatory markers. As COVID-19 patients frequently 72 need prolonged hospitalization and respiratory support, unnecessary antibiotics upon 73 hospitalization may increase the individual risk of subsequent hospital-acquired pneumonia 74 (HAP) and other adverse events [12, 13] . abstract: SCOPE: The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy constituted a multidisciplinary expert committee to provide evidence-based recommendation for the use of antibacterial therapy in hospitalized adults with a respiratory infection and suspected or proven 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). METHODS: We performed a literature search to answer four key questions. The committee graded the evidence and developed recommendations by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. QUESTIONS ADDRESSED BY THE GUIDELINE AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We assessed evidence on the risk of bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the associated bacterial pathogens, how to diagnose bacterial infections and how to treat bacterial infections. Bacterial co-infection upon admission was reported in 3.5% of COVID-19 patients, while bacterial secondary infections during hospitalization occurred up to 15%. No or very low quality evidence was found to answer the other key clinical questions. Although the evidence base on bacterial infections in COVID-19 is currently limited, available evidence supports restrictive antibiotic use from an antibiotic stewardship perspective, especially upon admission. To support restrictive antibiotic use, maximum efforts should be undertaken to obtain sputum and blood culture samples as well as pneumococcal urinary antigen testing. We suggest to stop antibiotics in patients who started antibiotic treatment upon admission when representative cultures as well as urinary antigen tests show no signs of involvement of bacterial pathogens after 48 hours. For patients with secondary bacterial respiratory infection we recommend to follow other guideline recommendations on antibacterial treatment for patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. An antibiotic treatment duration of five days in patients with COVID-19 and suspected bacterial respiratory infection is recommended upon improvement of signs, symptoms and inflammatory markers. Larger, prospective studies about the epidemiology of bacterial infections in COVID-19 are urgently needed to confirm our conclusions and ultimately prevent unnecessary antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20305942?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.041 id: cord-289144-d6fgs8qg author: Sieńko, Jerzy title: COVID-19: The Influence of ACE Genotype and ACE-I and ARBs on the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Elderly Patients date: 2020-07-21 words: 5129.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289144-d6fgs8qg.txt summary: Moreover, there is evidence that ACE genotype affects the outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment, the most severe consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 8, 13 The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and identify the mechanisms of ACE-I and ARBs with particular emphasis on angiotensin receptors and their polymorphism in the light of COVID-19 pandemic as these medications are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. 8, 13 The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and identify the mechanisms of ACE-I and ARBs with particular emphasis on angiotensin receptors and their polymorphism in the light of COVID-19 pandemic as these medications are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. 63 This upregulation of the ACE2 receptor causes an increase in SARS-CoV-2 binding sites, which can lead to COVID-19 infection. Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 abstract: Since the beginning of 2020, the whole world has been struggling with the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CD147, which are expressed on host cells. Several studies suggest that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 might be a risk factor of COVID-19 infection. Genotypes affect ACE2 structure, its serum concentration, and levels of circulating angiotensin (1-7). Moreover, there is evidence that ACE genotype affects the outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment, the most severe consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 morbidity, infection course, and mortality might depend on ACE D allele frequency. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze and identify the mechanisms of ACE-I and ARBs with particular emphasis on angiotensin receptors and their polymorphism in the light of COVID-19 pandemic as these medications are commonly prescribed to elderly patients. There is no direct evidence yet for ACE-I or ARBs in the treatment of COVID-19. However, for those already taking these medications, both the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology recommend continuing the treatment, because at present, there is no clear clinical or scientific evidence to justify the discontinuation of ACE-I or ARBs. Individualized treatment decisions should be based on the clinical condition and co-morbidities of each patient. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764907/ doi: 10.2147/cia.s261516 id: cord-273308-rocbfx62 author: Siguret, Virginie title: Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-07-08 words: 1111.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273308-rocbfx62.txt summary: title: Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients? Recently, a high prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) was reported in the COVID-19 patients [2] , immediately questioned by the possibility of false positive testing given the marked elevation in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels attributed to the major pulmonary or systemic inflammation in these patients [3] . Moreover, the contribution of anticardiolipin and anti-2glycoprotein-I antibodies to COVID-19-associated thrombosis was suggested in three patients with multiple cerebral infarctions, although no information on their detection and IgA/IgG titers was given [5] . Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, namely LA, anticardiolipin IgG/IgM and anti-2-glycoprotein-I IgG, and their possible association with thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients. Compared to other viral and bacterial infections known to trigger transient antiphospholipid antibodies [9] , LA prevalence was extremely high (85%) in critically ill COVID-19 patients, similar to Helms'' study (87.7%) also conducted in ICU patients [4] . abstract: • The prevalence of aPL antibodies is poorly documented in ICU COVID-19 patients. • LA based on dRVVT system was positive in 85% of critically ill COVID-19 patients. • LA was not associated with thrombotic complications. • The prevalence of elevated anticardiolipin IgG/M/anti-beta2-GPI IgG was of 12%. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32663703/ doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.016 id: cord-252930-yfxst8bo author: Silingardi, Roberto title: Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? date: 2020-06-17 words: 295.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252930-yfxst8bo.txt summary: key: cord-252930-yfxst8bo title: Acute limb ischemia in COVID-19 patients: Could Aortic Floating Thrombus be the source of embolic complications? cord_uid: yfxst8bo Recently, Bellosta 1 demonstrated a significant higher incidence of acute limb ischemia (ALI) 4 in COVID-19 patients. increased thrombo-embolic complications in COVID-19 patients have been reported, even in 7 those receiving anticoagulant therapy and either in non-atherosclerotic. 1-3 More than 27.000 8 COVID-19 cases were registered in our region (Emilia-Romagna). As tertiary COVID center we 10 did not observed ALI in such patients. 1 11 provide care in the Italian region with the higher incidence of COVID-19 (Lombardia). Indeed, the AFT may be a more common source of ALI in COVID-19? Acute limb 2 ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia Acute limb ischaemia in two 5 young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 17 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0741521420313513?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.06.008 id: cord-260871-dtn5t8ka author: Silva, Marcus Tulius T. title: SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned about the Nervous System? date: 2020-07-17 words: 4110.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260871-dtn5t8ka.txt summary: Besides, several neurological manifestations had been described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases (SARS ad Middle East respiratory syndrome). Several neurological manifestations were described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases, namely, SARS and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Stroke is one of the most frequent neurological diseases associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 8 and large-vessel stroke in younger patients was recently reported in five patients. Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the central nervous system abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be an enormous challenge to the health of the world population with tremendous consequences for the world economy. New knowledge about COVID-19 is being acquired continuously. Although the main manifestation of COVID-19 is SARS, dysfunction in other organs has been described in the last months. Neurological aspects of COVID-19 are still an underreported subject. However, a plethora of previous studies has shown that human CoVs might be neurotropic, neuroinvasive, and neurovirulent, highlighting the importance of this knowledge by physicians. Besides, several neurological manifestations had been described as complications of two other previous outbreaks of CoV diseases (SARS ad Middle East respiratory syndrome). Therefore, we should be watchful, searching for early evidence of neurological insults and promoting clinical protocols to investigate them. Our objectives are to review the potential neuropathogenesis of this new CoV and the neurological profile of COVID-19 patients described so far. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0447 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0447 id: cord-283240-w4vxkbfv author: Silva, Ricardo Teixeira e title: Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic date: 2020-07-15 words: 1522.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283240-w4vxkbfv.txt summary: title: Management of patients with spinal cord injury during the coronavirus disease pandemic In this scenario, patients with disabilities, especially those with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), are at a high risk of COVID-19 because of their clinical and social characteristics (1) . This fact raises concerns about the ethical and legal aspects of the treatment of patients with SCI because the literature has already suggested that health-care professionals can make unfounded judgments regarding the quality of life of people with disabilities (18, 19) . COVID-19 tsunami: the first case of a spinal cord injury patient in Italy. Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of patients with disability due to spinal cord injury Bascis guidance on management of spinal cord injury patients during coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic Medical care for spinal diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32725076/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2094 id: cord-252991-gvlyn6j7 author: Silva, V. O. title: PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST SARS-CoV-2 IN PROFESSIONALS OF A PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY AT SAO PAULO, SP, BRAZIL date: 2020-10-21 words: 4148.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252991-gvlyn6j7.txt summary: To evaluate previous exposure to the virus we estimated the prevalence of antibodies against-SARS-CoV-2 among HPs in Adolfo Lutz Institute, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We used a lateral flow immunoassay (rapid test) to detect IgG and IgM for SARS-CoV-2; positive samples were further evaluated using Roche Electrochemiluminescence assay and SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also offered to participants. . https://doi.org/10.1101 Professionals from laboratory areas were 25% while workers who had no direct contact with patients (administrative areas, security and cleaning staff) had a higher infection rate, especially in the areas of logistics (Faíco-Filho, et al., 2020) In our study, we chose to use a rapid test for preliminary results, despite the its reported performance (Sensitivity: 86, 43% [95% CI: 82, 51%~89, 58%] and Specificity: 99, 57% [95% CI: 97, 63%~99,92%]).. abstract: Background: Covid-19 Serology may document exposure and perhaps protection to the virus, and serological test may help understand epidemic dynamics. To evaluate previous exposure to the virus we estimated the prevalence of antibodies against-SARS-CoV-2 among HPs in Adolfo Lutz Institute, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This study was performed among professionals of Adolfo Lutz Institute in Sao Paulo, Brazil and some administrative areas of the Secretary of Health that shares common areas with the institute. We used a lateral flow immunoassay (rapid test) to detect IgG and IgM for SARS-CoV-2; positive samples were further evaluated using Roche Electrochemiluminescence assay and SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also offered to participants. Results: A total of 406 HPs participated. Thirty five (8.6%) tested positive on rapid test and 32 these rapid test seropositive cases were confirmed by ECLIA.. 43 HPs had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected at a median of 33 days, and the three cases not reactive at Roche ECLIA had a previous positive RNA. Outsourced professionals (34% seropositive), males (15%) workers referring COVID-19 patients at home (22%) and those living farther form the institute tended to have higher prevalence of seropositivity, but in multivariable logistic analysis only outsourced workers and those with COVID patients at home remained independently associated to seropositivity. We observed no relation of seropositivity to COVID samples handling. Presence of at least one symptom was common but some clinical manifestations as anosmia/dysgeusia. Fatigue, cough and fever were associated to seropositivity. Conclusions: We documented a relatively high (8.6%) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological reactivity in this population, with higher rates among outsourced workers and those with referring cohabitation with COVID-19 patients. COVID samples handling was not related to increased seropositivity. Some symptoms how strong association to COVID-19 serology and may be used in scoring tools for screening or diagnosis in resort limited settings. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.19.20213421v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20213421 id: cord-344070-17oac3bg author: Silverman, Justin D title: Using ILI surveillance to estimate state-specific case detection rates and forecast SARS-CoV-2 spread in the United States date: 2020-04-03 words: 5095.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344070-17oac3bg.txt summary: ILI correlates with known patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread across states within the US, suggesting the surge is unlikely to be due to other endemic respiratory pathogens, yet is orders of magnitude larger than the number of confirmed COVID cases reported. We find that as the seasonal surge of endemic non-influenza respiratory pathogens declines, this excess ILI correlates more strongly with state-level patterns of newly confirmed COVID cases suggesting that 75 this surge is a reflection of ILI due to SARS-CoV-2 (Pearson ρ = 0.8 and p < 10 −10 for the last two weeks; Figure S1 ). However, if we assume the excess non-influenza ILI is almost entirely due to SARS-CoV-2, an assumption that becomes more valid as the virus becomes more prevalent, we can use the excess non-influenza ILI to understand the constraints and mutual dependence of exponential growth rates, the rate of subclinical infections, and the time 95 between the onset of infectiousness and a patient reporting as ILI Figure 3 . abstract: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections to date has relied on RT-PCR testing. However, a failure to identify early cases imported to a country, bottlenecks in RT-PCR testing, and the existence of infections which are asymptomatic, sub-clinical, or with an alternative presentation than the standard cough and fever have resulted in an under-counting of the true prevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show how publicly available CDC influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatient surveillance data can be repurposed to estimate the detection rate of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. We find a surge of non-influenza ILI above the seasonal average and show that this surge is correlated with COVID case counts across states. By quantifying the number of excess ILI patients in March relative to previous years and comparing excess ILI to confirmed COVID case counts, we estimate the syndromic case detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the US to be less than 13%. If only 1/3 of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 sought care, the ILI surge would correspond to more than 8.7 million new SARS-CoV-2 infections across the US during the three week period from March 8 to March 28. Combining excess ILI counts with the date of onset of community transmission in the US, we also show that the early epidemic in the US was unlikely to be doubling slower than every 4 days. Together these results suggest a conceptual model for the COVID epidemic in the US in which rapid spread across the US are combined with a large population of infected patients with presumably mild-to-moderate clinical symptoms. We emphasize the importance of testing these findings with seroprevalence data, and discuss the broader potential to use syndromic time series for early detection and understanding of emerging infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050542 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050542 id: cord-260365-neili1bd author: Silverstein, Jenna S. title: Acute Respiratory Decompensation Requiring Intubation in Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 words: 2205.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260365-neili1bd.txt summary: Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. 8 We report here two pregnant women with no medical comorbidities, one under 18 years of age, diagnosed with COVID-19 at 34 and 36 weeks of gestation, respectively, who rapidly decompensated and underwent caesarean delivery under general anesthesia followed by prolonged mechanical ventilation. The risks and benefits of delivery in pregnant patients with critical respiratory illness from COVID-19 infections are not yet known, but prior experience with maternal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and viral 2009/H1N1 influenza requiring mechanical ventilation in pregnancy reveals increased risk of fetal HR abnormalities, as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. abstract: There is a current paucity of information about the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in North America. Data from China suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 have favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with rare cases of critical illness or respiratory compromise. However, we report two cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 in the late preterm period admitted to tertiary care hospitals in New York City for respiratory indications. After presenting with mild symptoms, both quickly developed worsening respiratory distress requiring intubation, and both delivered preterm via caesarean delivery. These cases highlight the potential for rapid respiratory decompensation in pregnant COVID-19 patients and the maternal-fetal considerations in managing these cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712925 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712925 id: cord-319511-gzanhu4w author: Silvestris, Erica title: Fertility preservation in cancer patients at the time of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-09 words: 1044.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319511-gzanhu4w.txt summary: To prevent the infertility risk induced by anti-cancer chemotherapy or other gonadotoxic treatments as well as pelvic surgery, these patients have access to fertility preservation (FP) procedures which include oocytes cryopreservation after hormone stimulation or ovarian cortex cryostorage in females, and sperm freezing in males [1, 2] . During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, however, while symptomatic COVID-19 + cancer patients candidate to FP are addressed to specific programs for the infection healing, asymptomatic patients considered virus-free through negative serological test may still have access to FP programs in Italy since only major procedures of ART (Assisted Reproduction Technology) have been restricted [4] , whereas no structured recommendations have been issued for managing these patients [5] . Concerning the possible virus transmission through sperm by male cancer patients, it is also crucial to assess the liquid components of the seminal plasma. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468784720302671?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101910 id: cord-325869-3mvjc805 author: Silvestris, Nicola title: A moonshot approach toward the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 time: what have we learned and what could the Italian network of cancer centers (Alliance Against Cancer, ACC) do after the pandemic wave? date: 2020-06-11 words: 2464.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325869-3mvjc805.txt summary: In particular, we believe that the main road to elaborate meaningful scientific evidence is represented by the collection of all the data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity that are and will become available in cancer centers, coupled with the design of large clinical studies. 3) Absence, to date, of effective medical remedies, such as anti-viral treatments or vaccines capable of protecting the general population from an infection which, as in the pandemics of the past, is not only affecting healthcare but causing the worst economic and social crisis after the Second World War. Importantly, several studies are evaluating the role of sound therapeutic approaches, including tocilizumab (an IL-6 inhibitor and a potential supportive treatment for the severe respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19), convalescent plasma therapy, and the antiviral remdesivir, which has recently received emergency approval by the US Food and Drug Administration. abstract: If we focus our attention on seven main features of COVID-19 infection (heterogeneity, fragility, lack of effective treatments and vaccines, “miraculous cures”, psychological suffering, deprivation, and globalization), we may establish parallelism with the challenges faced in the steep road to the understanding and treatment of neoplastic diseases. How the similarities between these two conditions can help us cope with the emergency effort represented by the management of cancer patients in the COVID-19 era, today and in the future? In a manner similar to the Cancer Moonshot initiative in the United States, we can hypothesize a multinational moonshot project towards the management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we believe that the main road to elaborate meaningful scientific evidence is represented by the collection of all the data on COVID-19 and cancer comorbidity that are and will become available in cancer centers, coupled with the design of large clinical studies. To address this goal, it is essential to identify the entity that can produce this scientific evidences and the potentially most successful research strategy to undertake. The largest Italian organization for cancer research, Alliance Against Cancer (Alleanza Contro il Cancro, ACC), is called to play a scientific leadership in addressing these challenges, which requires the coordination of oncology teams at regional, national, and international levels. To fulfill this commitment, ACC will create a liaison with health government agencies in order to develop “dynamic” indications able to fight such an unpredictable pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522223/ doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01614-x id: cord-284944-hcgfe9wv author: Silvin, Aymeric title: Elevated calprotectin and abnormal myeloid cell subsets discriminate severe from mild COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 10781.0 sentences: 503.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284944-hcgfe9wv.txt summary: Thus, we performed high dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patient peripheral blood cells and detected the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, the accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes, and the release of massive amounts of calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) in severe cases. Validating these discovery experiments, we performed mass cytometry analysis of an independent cohort of 12 patients (four in each group; control, mild and severe) ( Table S5) , which showed a lower fraction of CD14 Low CD16 High non-classical monocytes in severe compared to mild patients ( Figure 3F and 3G ). This study presents evidence that patients who develop a severe COVID-19 exhibit high levels of calprotectin and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines correlating with an emergency myelopoiesis generating ROS-and NOS-expressing immunosuppressive myeloid cells (HLA-DR Low monocytes and immature subsets of neutrophils). abstract: Summary Blood myeloid cells are known to be dysregulated in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether the innate myeloid response differs with disease severity, and whether markers of innate immunity discriminate high risk patients. Thus, we performed high dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patient peripheral blood cells and detected the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, the accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes, and the release of massive amounts of calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) in severe cases. Immature CD10LowCD101-CXCR4+/- neutrophils with an immuno-suppressive profile accumulated as well in blood and lungs, suggesting emergency myelopoiesis. We finally showed that calprotectin plasma level and a routine flow cytometry assay detecting decreased frequencies of non-classical monocytes could discriminate patients who develop a severe COVID-19 form, suggesting a predictive value that deserves prospective evaluation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420309934?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.002 id: cord-035020-mhs7yext author: Simadibrata, Daniel Martin title: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-02 words: 3249.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035020-mhs7yext.txt summary: title: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, a novel biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Research articles comparing the PLR value on admission in adult patients with COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity were included in the analysis. Therefore, this systematic review aims to review the prognostic value of PLR levels on admission to determine the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. We included cohort studies evaluating the difference in PLR levels on admission in adults (>18 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 (diagnosed using RT-PCR) categorized based on disease severity (severe and non-severe patients), and/or mortality (survivor and non-survivor). Our meta-analysis, which included a total of 998 COVID-19 patients, showed that high PLR value was associated with severe COVID-19. Six out of the seven included studies demonstrated similar results with increased PLR on admission found in severe cases of COVID-19 compared to those with mild or moderate diseases. abstract: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a novel inflammatory marker, has been suggested to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between PLR levels on admission and the severity of COVID-19 patients. A systematic literature search was done on 23 July 2020 to identify peer-reviewed studies, preprints, and grey literatures. Research articles comparing the PLR value on admission in adult patients with COVID-19 with varying degrees of severity were included in the analysis. The following keywords were used for the search: “COVID-19”, “PLR”, “severity”, and “mortality”. A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, six of which were conducted in China. From a total of 998 participants included, 316 (31.7%) had severe diseases; and those in the severe group were generally older and had underlying diseases compared to the non-severe group. In comparison to non-severe patients, the meta-analysis showed that severe COVID-19 patients had higher PLR levels on admission (SMD 0.68; 95%CI 0.43-0.93; I(2) =58%). High PLR levels on admission were associated with severe COVID-19 cases. Therefore, the on-admission PLR level is a novel, cost-effective, and readily available biomarker with a promising prognostic role for determining the severity of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649648/ doi: 10.1177/1751143720969587 id: cord-295622-znmpheia author: Simione, Luca title: Differences Between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy date: 2020-09-04 words: 9870.0 sentences: 418.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295622-znmpheia.txt summary: We found that health workers reported higher risk perception, level of worry, and knowledge as related to COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. According to the evidences reported above, our objectives were (i) to probe the opinions and the worries relative to COVID-19 spread in both the general population and healthcare workers; (ii) to study which demographic, geographic, and psychological variables were related to a higher perception of the health risks; and lastly (iii) to assess any difference in risk perception relatively to COVID-19 between the general population and healthcare workers. This analysis thus revealed that the MED group participants from North Italy reported higher levels of anxiety and stress than the general population and the medical and paramedical staff from other living areas. In line with these results, participants of our study reported higher levels of perceived stress and of anxiety proportional to their risk of infection, i.e., health workers from North were more stressed and anxious than both their colleagues in Center and South Italy and the general population. abstract: In this study, we investigated the perception of risk and the worries about COVID-19 infection in both healthcare workers and the general population in Italy. We studied the difference in risk perception in these two groups and how this related to demographic variables and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and death anxiety. To this aim, we administered an online questionnaire about COVID-19 together with other questionnaires assessing the psychological condition of participants. First, we found that the exposition to infection risk, due to living area or job, increased the perceived stress and anxiety (i.e., medical staff in North Italy was more stressed and anxious with respect to both medical- and non-medical participants from Center and South Italy). Then, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression models on our data to assess the response odds ratio relatively to each regressor on each dependent variable. We found that health workers reported higher risk perception, level of worry, and knowledge as related to COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. Psychological state, sex, and living area were less related to these factors. Instead, judgments about behaviors and containment rules were more linked to demographics, such as sex. We discussed these results in the light of risk factors for psychological distress and possible interventions to meet the psychological needs of healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02166 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02166 id: cord-035285-dx5bbeqm author: Simmhan, Yogesh title: GoCoronaGo: Privacy Respecting Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Management date: 2020-11-11 words: 13684.0 sentences: 720.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035285-dx5bbeqm.txt summary: This proximity data of all app users are used to build a temporal contact graph, where vertices are devices, and edges indicate proximity between devices for a certain time period and with a certain Bluetooth signal strength. The use of the GCG App within an institutional setting, with data collection and usage governed by the organization, may lead to higher adoption of the app and enhance its effectiveness in contact tracing. The use of GCG is strictly voluntary, and there is an additional consent required by a user who is infected with COVID-19 before their data can be used for contact tracing-this, despite their data already being available centrally in the backend. Besides tracking Bluetooth contact data, the GCG App offers several features to inform the users about COVID-19 and engage them in preventing its spread. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is imposing enormous global challenges in managing the spread of the virus. A key pillar to mitigation is contact tracing, which complements testing and isolation. Digital apps for contact tracing using Bluetooth technology available in smartphones have gained prevalence globally. In this article, we discuss various capabilities of such digital contact tracing, and its implication on community safety and individual privacy, among others. We further describe the GoCoronaGo institutional contact tracing app that we have developed, and the conscious and sometimes contrarian design choices we have made. We offer a detailed overview of the app, backend platform and analytics, and our early experiences with deploying the app to over 1000 users within the Indian Institute of Science campus in Bangalore. We also highlight research opportunities and open challenges for digital contact tracing and analytics over temporal networks constructed from them. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656502/ doi: 10.1007/s41745-020-00201-5 id: cord-339344-qd73h1ie author: Simon, David title: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion date: 2020-07-24 words: 4094.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339344-qd73h1ie.txt summary: To test whether differences in social exposure between the groups account for the low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in IMID patients treated with cytokine inhibitors, we assessed exposure risk variables (contact with persons with a respiratory infection, presence at workplace outside home, travel to risk areas) of IMID patient groups and control groups. The low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in anti-cytokine treated IMIDs could have two principle explanations: While (i) the four groups were recruited in the same region, (ii) the HC control group having the highest prevalence for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was in direct contact with the IMID patients and (iii) all participants were exposed to similar detailed information regarding social behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, IMID patients may have followed an even more stringent exposure prophylaxis than healthy individuals. abstract: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) of the joints, gut and skin are treated with inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Investigating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in IMIDs we observe a reduced incidence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in IMID patients treated with cytokine inhibitors compared to patients receiving no such inhibitors and two healthy control populations, despite similar social exposure. Hence, cytokine inhibitors seem to at least partially protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709909/ doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17703-6 id: cord-356079-w6cqbya0 author: Simon, John A. title: Editor''s perspective: COVID‐19''s impact on the remediation industry date: 2020-06-09 words: 1515.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356079-w6cqbya0.txt summary: On March 26, 2020, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued guidance regarding compliance with various federal environmental laws, regulations, and permit requirements due to the effects of possible disruptions of goods and services (e.g., delays in laboratory services) and human resource limitations (e.g., guidance to reduce travel) due to COVID-19. The USEPA issued additional guidance, Interim Guidance on Site Field Work Decisions Due to Impacts of COVID-19, dated April 10, 2020 (Wright & Bodine, 2020) . • Parties who believe that COVID-19 restrictions may delay their performance of obligations should consult the applicable enforcement instrument, including provisions allowing for adjustments to schedules to be made at the discretion of USEPA''s project manager and/or force majeure provisions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, environmental consultants and contractors and state regulatory agencies have developed plans and guidance to follow when implementing field work. Memorandum: Interim guidance on site field work decisions due to impacts of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21655 doi: 10.1002/rem.21655 id: cord-281285-5g1rw202 author: Simonis, Alexander title: A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-11-03 words: 9501.0 sentences: 504.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt summary: Based on its MOA, repurposed drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity can be divided into substances that prevent viral entry into host cells (1-2) and inhibit viral proteases (3) and inhibitors of viral replicase (4). The disappointing clinical results might be related to sub-therapeutic levels for inhibition of SARS-COV-2 because application of 400/100 mg of lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily was shown to yield median serum concentrations of 7.2 mg/l (11.5 µM) in patients with HIV (van der Lugt et al, 2009), which is significantly lower than the observed EC 50 in the in vitro studies. In this comparative review, we focus on repurposed drugs with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays as those substances offer great opportunities for a treatment early in the course of COVID-19 by inhibition of viral replication and might be even suitable for preventive strategies as shown for neuraminidase inhibitors in case of influenza (Jefferson et al, 2014) . abstract: The ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic stresses the need for effective antiviral drugs that can quickly be applied in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and ideally viral transmission. By repurposing of broadly active antiviral drugs and compounds that are known to inhibit viral replication of related viruses, several advances could be made in the development of treatment strategies against COVID‐19. The nucleoside analog remdesivir, which is known for its potent in vitro activity against Ebolavirus and other RNA viruses, was recently shown to reduce the time to recovery in patients with severe COVID‐19. It is to date the only approved antiviral for treating COVID‐19. Here, we provide a mechanism and evidence‐based comparative review of remdesivir and other repurposed drugs with proven in vitro activity against SARS‐CoV‐2. url: https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013105 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202013105 id: cord-355589-3zdv9zim author: Simons, David title: The association of smoking status with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation and mortality from COVID‐19: A living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta‐analyses (version 7) date: 2020-10-02 words: 5236.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355589-3zdv9zim.txt summary: However, early data from the COVID-19 pandemic have not provided clear evidence for a negative impact of current or former smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease outcomes, such as hospitalisation or mortality 11 . We aimed to produce a rapid synthesis of available evidence pertaining to the rates of infection, hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 stratified by smoking status. Sixty studies reported disease severity in hospitalised patients stratified by smoking status (see Table 4 ). Current smokers were at reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and former smokers were at increased risk of hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality compared with never smokers. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: a Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19 Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: AIMS: To estimate the association of smoking status with rates of i) infection, ii) hospitalisation, iii) disease severity, and iv) mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 disease. DESIGN: Living rapid review of observational and experimental studies with random‐effects hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analyses. Published articles and pre‐prints were identified via MEDLINE and medRxiv. SETTING: Community or hospital. No restrictions on location. PARTICIPANTS: Adults who received a SARS‐CoV‐2 test or a COVID‐19 diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalisation, disease severity and mortality stratified by smoking status. Study quality was assessed (i.e. ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’). FINDINGS: Version 7 (searches up to 25 August 2020) included 233 studies with 32 ‘good’ and ‘fair’ quality studies included in meta‐analyses. Fifty‐seven studies (24.5%) reported current, former and never smoking status. Recorded smoking prevalence among people with COVID‐19 was generally lower than national prevalence. Current compared with never smokers were at reduced risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (RR=0.74, 95% Credible Interval (CrI) = 0.58‐0.93, τ = 0.41). Data for former smokers were inconclusive (RR=1.05, 95% CrI = 0.95‐1.17, τ = 0.17) but favoured there being no important association (21% probability of RR ≥1.1). Former compared with never smokers were at somewhat increased risk of hospitalisation (RR=1.20, CrI = 1.03‐1.44, τ = 0.17), greater disease severity (RR=1.52, CrI = 1.13‐2.07, τ = 0.29), and mortality (RR=1.39, 95% CrI = 1.09‐1.87, τ = 0.27). Data for current smokers were inconclusive (RR=1.06, CrI = 0.82‐1.35, τ = 0.27; RR=1.25, CrI = 0.85‐1.93, τ = 0.34; RR=1.22, 95% CrI = 0.78‐1.94, τ = 0.49 respectively) but favoured there being no important associations with hospitalisation and mortality (35% and 70% probability of RR ≥1.1, respectively) and a small but important association with disease severity (79% probability of RR ≥1.1). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with never smokers, current smokers appear to be at reduced risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection while former smokers appear to be at increased risk of hospitalisation, increased disease severity and mortality from COVID‐19. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are causal. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15276 doi: 10.1111/add.15276 id: cord-297217-pe6mehjv author: Simpson, A. Hamish R. W. title: COVID-19: potential transmission through aerosols in surgical procedures and blood products date: 2020-07-23 words: 1324.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297217-pe6mehjv.txt summary: A six-fold increased risk of transmission of viral diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been reported during anaesthetic procedures such as endotracheal intubation. 2 no definite transmission has been reported due to surgical procedures, however unlike other viral diseases such as SARS and middle east respiratory syndrome (meRS), CoVid-19 appears to be both severe and highly transmissible and therefore could pose a far higher risk to surgeons and operating room staff. 9, 11 in comparison to SARS, in which only very low plasma levels of virus have been reported, 12 the blood of CoVid-19 patients is likely to have a higher potential for aerosols produced during surgical procedures to carry the virus. there is increasing evidence that a significant number of potentially up to 50% or more of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) are asymptomatic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728423/ doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.94.bjr-2020-0130 id: cord-310809-z0isuuui author: Simpson, Alexander I. F. title: Management of COVID-19 Response in a Secure Forensic Mental Health Setting date: 2020-06-23 words: 3556.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310809-z0isuuui.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents major challenges to places of detention, including secure forensic hospitals. We experienced outbreaks of COVID-19 on two secure forensic units with 13 patients and 10 staff becoming positive. Policy changes can help isolate forensic populations from the community spread of infection but the ability to maintain effective social distancing within the institution may be limited, reducing the ability to control the spread of COVID-19 within such settings. The purpose of this article is to describe the approach taken by a 182-bed forensic program within a large psychiatric facility to plan for and manage the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. The first concern about COVIDþ status within the forensic program was on March 23 when a staff member became unwell on a 20-bed medium secure unit. On a second medium secure unit, a 28-bed acute admitting unit, a patient became symptomatic on March 30 and returned a positive COVID-19 test on April 1. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents major challenges to places of detention, including secure forensic hospitals. International guidance presents a range of approaches to assist in decreasing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks as well as responses to manage outbreaks of infection should they occur. METHODS: We conducted a literature search on pandemic or outbreak management in forensic mental health settings, including gray literature sources, from 2000 to April 2020. We describe the evolution of a COVID-19 outbreak in our own facility, and the design, and staffing of a forensic isolation unit. RESULTS: We found a range of useful guidance but no published experience of implementing these approaches. We experienced outbreaks of COVID-19 on two secure forensic units with 13 patients and 10 staff becoming positive. One patient died. The outbreaks lasted for 41 days on each unit from declaration to resolution. We describe the approaches taken to reduction of infection risk, social distancing and changes to the care delivery model. CONCLUSIONS: Forensic secure settings present major challenges as some proposals for pandemic management such as decarceration or early release are not possible, and facilities may present challenges to achieve sustained social distancing. Assertive testing, cohorting, and isolation units are appropriate responses to these challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720935648 doi: 10.1177/0706743720935648 id: cord-284576-nemh4wdo author: Sims, Jonathan T. title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 1643.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt summary: Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with ageand sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled 69 frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that 70 intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine 71 The COVID-19 pandemic created an overwhelming need to define host-derived molecular 96 mediators of disease severity evident in hospitalized patients. abstract: Background Physicians treating COVID-19 patients increasingly believe that the hyperinflammatory acute stage of COVID-19 results in a cytokine storm. The circulating biomarkers seen across the spectrum of COVID-19 have not been characterized compared to healthy controls, but such analyses are likely to yield insights into the pursuit of interventions that adequately reduce the burden of these cytokine storms. Objective To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Results Results indicate a dominant hyperinflammatory milieu in the circulation and vascular endothelial damage markers within COVID-19 patients, and strong biomarker association with patient response as measured by Ordinal scale. As patients progress, we observe statistically significant dysregulation of IFNγ, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-19, MCP-1, -2, -3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL5, ENRAGE and PARP-1. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine storm. Conclusion These wide-ranging circulating biomarkers show an association with increased disease severity and may help stratify patients and selection of therapeutic options. They also provide insights into mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the host response. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 id: cord-308080-1heu9vuv author: Simulundu, Edgar title: First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries date: 2020-10-06 words: 1714.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308080-1heu9vuv.txt summary: title: First COVID-19 Case in Zambia – Comparative phylogenomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 detected in African countries Contact tracing showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection was contained within the patient''s household, with no further spread to attending health care workers or community members. Whole genome sequence analysis should be part of all surveillance and case detection activities in order to monitor the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages across Africa. We report the identification and clinical management of the first COVID-19 case from Zambia, and present the phylogenetic analyses of the patient''s SARS-CoV-2 isolate, comparing it to other SARS-CoV-2 lineages reported from other African countries. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the detected SARS-CoV-2 belonged to lineage B.1.1, sharing the most common recent ancestor with viruses detected in South Africa (Figure 2) Wuhan-Hu-1, which included the D614G mutation which has been observed to correlate with increased case fatality rates. abstract: Since its first discovery in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly worldwide. Whilst African countries were relatively spared initially, the initial low incidence of COVID-19 cases was not sustained for long due to continuing travel links between China, Europe and Africa.. In preparation, Zambia had applied a multisectoral national epidemic disease surveillance and response system resulting in the identification of the first case within 48 hours of the individual entering the country by air travel from a trip to France. Contact tracing showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection was contained within the patient’s household, with no further spread to attending health care workers or community members. Phylogenomic analysis of the patient’s SARS-CoV-2 strain showed it belonged to lineage B.1.1., sharing the last common ancestor with SARS-CoV-2 strains recovered from South Africa. At the African continental level, our analysis showed that lineage B.1 and B.1.1 lineages appear to be predominant in Africa. Whole genome sequence analysis should be part of all surveillance and case detection activities in order to monitor the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages across Africa. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1480 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1480 id: cord-335578-u8b66oos author: Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina title: Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Is a Real Challenge for Brazil date: 2020-06-05 words: 1662.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335578-u8b66oos.txt summary: Approximately 56 days after the first case reported in China, on February 26, Brazil officially registered its first patient with COVID-19: a 61-year-old man living in São Paulo who had recently returned from a trip to Italy. Twenty days after the first reported case (March 17, 2020), Brazil registered the first death by COVID-19 in a 62-year-old man with diabetes and heart disease (8). In this regard, another critical aspect is the difference in population adherence to social isolation measures in the different cities and states of the country (14) . The Brazilian scientific community and healthcare workers are working hard to provide support for political health measures to address COVID-19 (15, 16) . COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases Datadriven study of the COVID-19 pandemic via age-structured modelling and prediction of the health system failure in Brazil amid diverse intervention-strategies. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00268 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00268 id: cord-293259-o51fnvuw author: Sinaei, Reza title: Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review date: 2020-09-25 words: 7043.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293259-o51fnvuw.txt summary: Thus far, only a small number of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have involved children, so that they have accounted for only 1-5% of total patients [2, [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] . Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a hyperproinflammatory response or cytokine storm state that results to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). The search strategy was constructed based on searching terms 2019 novel coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 with using and/or, also the terms of child, pediatric, newborn, infant, adolescence, adult, age, age groups, severity, epidemiology, prevalence, difference, immune system, etiology, reasons in title, abstract, and key words. The first results stem from some considerations that children have a less vigorous immune response to the virus than adults because the cytokine storm is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections [28] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the streaks of severity, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is, in general, less frequent and severe in children than in adults. We searched for causal evidence of this mystery. DATA SOURCES: An extensive search strategy was designed to identify papers on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE databases, and Cochrane library and carried out a review on the causes of this dilemma. RESULTS: Our searches produced 81 relevant articles. The review showed that children accounted for a lower percentage of reported cases, and they also experienced less severe illness courses. Some potential explanations, including the tendency to engage the upper airway, the different expression in both receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and renin–angiotensin system, a less vigorous immune response, the lower levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase, and P-selectin and a higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1, a potential protective role of lymphocytes, and also lung infiltrations might have protective roles in the immune system–respiratory tract interactions. Finally, what have shed light on this under representation comes from two studies that revealed high-titer immunoglobulin-G antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumonia, may carry out cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, just like what suggested about the vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: These results require an in-depth look. Properties of the immune system including a less vigorous adaptive system beside a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system, and their interactions, might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00392-y doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00392-y id: cord-314343-u8u7nq44 author: Sinclair, A.J. title: Age, frailty and diabetes – triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection date: 2020-04-23 words: 1132.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314343-u8u7nq44.txt summary: The epidemiology of COVID-19 incidence, severity of illness and mortality seem to be shifted towards older people particularly those with multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease [1] . Older age was also identified as a risk factor for mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia in a Chinese retrospective, multicentre cohort study {odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to1.17, p = 0¢004) [3] . In a meta-analysis of 8 Chinese studies to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in 46,248 infected patients with COVID-19, median age 46.0 years (51.6%) men, diabetes mellitus was the second most prevalent comorbidity (8%) after hypertension (17%) and higher than cardiovascular (5%) and respiratory diseases (2%) [2] . Although frailty was not formally assessed in the COVID-19 infection trials, old age associated with comorbidities including diabetes were associated with an increased risk of infection and worse outcome. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32328575/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100343 id: cord-271871-8grkln6o author: Singer, J. S. title: Low Prevalence (0.13%) of COVID-19 Infection in Asymptomatic Pre-operative/Pre-procedure Patients at a Large Academic Medical Center Informs Approaches to Perioperative Care date: 2020-08-14 words: 2842.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271871-8grkln6o.txt summary: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced performance of elective surgeries and procedures at medical centers across the U.S. Awareness of the prevalence of asymptomatic disease is critical for guiding safe approaches to operative/procedural services. Conclusions These data demonstrating low levels (0.13% prevalence) of COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic population of patients undergoing scheduled surgeries/procedures in a large urban area have helped to inform perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data demonstrating low levels (0.13% prevalence) of COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic 117 population of patients undergoing scheduled surgeries/procedures in a large urban area have helped to 118 inform perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a large urban referral center, we adopted the CDC and ACS recommendations early in the pandemic, 327 suspending elective surgical and interventional procedures, and later relaxing those suspensions while 328 balancing local/regional COVID-19 epidemiology, data regarding our pre-operative/pre-procedure 329 testing results, and health system resources and priorities. abstract: Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced performance of elective surgeries and procedures at medical centers across the U.S. Awareness of the prevalence of asymptomatic disease is critical for guiding safe approaches to operative/procedural services. As COVID-19 PCR testing has been limited largely to symptomatic patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), or to those in communal care centers, data regarding asymptomatic viral disease carriage are limited. Study Design In this retrospective observational case series evaluating UCLA Health patients enrolled in pre-operative/pre-procedure protocol COVID-19 RT-PCR testing between 4/7/20 – 5/21/20, we determine the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in asymptomatic patients scheduled for surgeries and procedures. Results Primary outcomes include the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in this asymptomatic population. Secondary data analysis includes overall population testing results and population demographics. 18 of 4751 (0.38%) patients scheduled for upcoming surgeries and high risk procedures had abnormal (positive/inconclusive) COVID-19 RT-PCR testing results. 6/18 patients were confirmed asymptomatic. 4/18 had inconclusive results. 8/18 had positive results in the setting of recent symptoms or known COVID-19 infection. The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was 0.13%. More than 90% of patients had residential addresses within a 67 mile geographic radius of our medical center, the median age was 58, and there was equal male/female distribution. Conclusions These data demonstrating low levels (0.13% prevalence) of COVID-19 infection in an asymptomatic population of patients undergoing scheduled surgeries/procedures in a large urban area have helped to inform perioperative protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. Testing protocols like ours may prove valuable for other health systems in their approaches to safe procedural practices during COVID-19. url: http://www.surgjournal.com/article/S0039606020305213/pdf doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.07.048 id: cord-254436-89zf41xr author: Singer, Professor Donald RJ title: Health policy implications of the links between cardiovascular risk and COVID-19 date: 2020-09-03 words: 2001.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254436-89zf41xr.txt summary: In the meantime, public health measures are the mainstay for containing spread of infection with SARS-CoV-2, complemented by access to high quality supportive treatment and efforts to develop targeted approaches to reduce infection and disease severity in people at high risk of serious morbidity and death from COVID-19. Other indirect reasons for concern about increased prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease because of the COVID-19 pandemic include poorer recognition and control of cardiovascular risk factors and established serious disorders of the heart, brain and circulation due to reduced access to medical services. Health policy makers also need to take steps to extend influenza immunization to all groups now recognized to be at risk of more serious COVID-19, including the obese, others with increased cardiovascular risk and people from black and other at risk ethnic minorities. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211883720300939?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.09.001 id: cord-264957-po7wys3s author: Singh, A. title: Covid-19 Pandemic- Pits and falls of major states of India. date: 2020-06-20 words: 3736.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264957-po7wys3s.txt summary: The study finds that although the absolute number of active cases may be rising, however it is showing a decreasing trend with an increase in recovery rates. World Health Organization on January 30 th 2020 declared Novel Coronavirus as Public Health Emergency of International concern and on March 11 th 2020 Covid-19 disease was stated as pandemic based on its spreads severity [3] . A study while analysing the burden of pandemic in India found that Maharashtra having highest number of Covid-19 positive cases is solely responsible for more than one third of cases as on May 17 th 2020 followed by Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare stated on June 12 th that India''s doubling rate of Covid-19 cases has increased from 3.4 days when lockdown began (March 25 th ) to 17.4 days currently [15] . abstract: Covid-19, just like SARS and MERS before it, is a disease caused by corona virus and can lead to severe respiratory diseases in humans. With the outbreak of novel corona virus, WHO on 30th January 2020 declared it a Public Health Emergency and further on 11th March 2020, Covid-19 disease was declared a pandemic. India in the initial stages of the pandemic dealt with it in a very effective manner. With timely implementation of lockdown, India was able to contain the spread of Covid-19 to some extent. However with the recently announced Unlock 1.0, the SARS CoV-2 is expected to spread. This study aims to track and analyze the Covid-19 situation in major states that constitute of 70 percent of the total cases. Thus the states selected for the study are: Maharashtra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. These are the states which had more than ten thousand Covid-19 patients as/on June 10th 2020. The analysis period is from March 25th to June 10th and the data source is India Covid-19 tracker. To assess the previous and current Covid-19 situations in these states indicators such as Active rates, Recovery rate, Case fatality rate, Test positivity rate, tests per million, cases per million, test per confirmed case has been used. The study finds that although the absolute number of active cases may be rising, however it is showing a decreasing trend with an increase in recovery rates. With increasing number of Covid-19 cases, testing also has increased however not in the similar proportion and thus by developed nation standard we are lagging. With increasing TPR and cases per million, Delhi is well on its way to surpass even Mumbai which till now has proven to be worst hit in this pandemic. An interesting finding is that of test per confirmed case which shows that every 6th person in Maharashtra and every 8th in Delhi is showing positive result of Covid-19 test. Given such an increase and unlocked India, Delhi might soon enter into the third stage of community transmission where source of 50 percent or more cases would be unknown. There has been an increase in the Covid-19 related health infrastructure with the public-private partnership which involved both private hospitals and lab joining hands to battle Covid-19, however, affordability still remains an issue. If experts are to be believed, pandemic is not over because we have unlocked. The worst is yet to come as Covid-19 is predicted to peak in mid-July to August in India. Thus, it would be advisable to not venture out unnecessarily just because restrictions have been lifted. Also, following the guidelines- hand-washing, avoiding public gathering, social distancing and covering nose and mouth has now become imperative. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20134486v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134486 id: cord-265934-wjdxqj8h author: Singh, Amrita K. title: A Review of Telemedicine Applications in Otorhinolaryngology: Considerations During the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-10-01 words: 4195.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265934-wjdxqj8h.txt summary: 21 Recent studies on remote free flap monitoring provide clear examples of how telemedicine can not only expedite care, but also improve patient outcomes. There is a further need for controlled studies comparing telemedicine to in-person assessment of head and neck cancer patients in terms of cost, safety, surveillance adherence, and oncologic outcomes. published clinical practice guidelines for the management of dysphagia in the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting use of telemedicine for triage and remote evaluation. 63 High levels of patient satisfaction were also achieved with smartphone-based follow-up of facial cosmetic surgery and reviewing images remotely. Telemedicine has a wide applicability in pediatric ORL for obtaining patient history and assessing need for common surgeries such as obstructive sleep apnea, recurrent tonsillitis, and recurrent otitis media (Table VII) . Utilization of SAF techniques have already proven useful in head and neck oncology consultations, remote otologic and audiologic evaluation, cochlear implant and hearing aid management, laryngeal ultrasonography, nasolaryngoscopy, as well as CT sinus review. abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Review the published literature of telemedicine's use within otorhinolaryngology (ORL), highlight its successful implementation, and document areas with need of future research. STUDY DESIGN: State of the Art Review. METHODS: Three independent, comprehensive searches for articles published on the subject of telemedicine in ORL were conducted of literature available from January 2000 to April 2020. Search terms were designed to identify studies which examined telemedicine use within ORL. Consensus among authors was used to include all relevant articles. RESULTS: While several, small reports document clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the cost of telemedicine, much of the literature on telemedicine in ORL is comprised of preliminary, proof‐of‐concept reports. Further research will be necessary to establish its strengths and limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Particularly during the coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic, telemedicine can, and should, be used within ORL practice. This review can assist in guiding providers in implementing telemedicine that has been demonstrated to be successful, and direct future research. Laryngoscope, 2020 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942340/ doi: 10.1002/lary.29131 id: cord-289114-ifnk41oq author: Singh, Angaraj title: Effect of pre‐existing diseases on COVID‐19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment date: 2020-10-28 words: 6894.0 sentences: 470.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289114-ifnk41oq.txt summary: The SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with the cardiovascular problem have a higher fatality rate as compared to general COVID-19 patients. The ACE-2 has been suggested as a medicine for the treatment of diabetes because it reduces inflammation .Therefore, the diabetes and COVID-19 patients treated with ACE-2 have higher risk of infection (Zachary, 2020) . Although, the specific drug for SARS-CoV-2 is not discovered till date, the medical observers are attempting with different antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 infection . All rights reserved patients demonstrated that the combination of a new antiviral drug remdesivir and chloroquine slowed down the growth of SARS-CoV-2 (Abdul et al., 2017) . Convalescent plasma therapy has been observed as a better alternative for the treatment of severely infected COVID-19 patients. A research report suggested that plasma treatment is more effective at the initial stage (within 14 days of symptoms) of COVID-19 infection. abstract: The entire world is suffering from a new type of viral disease, occurred by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The present article briefly discussed the genome sequencing and interaction of host cells with SARS‐CoV‐2. The influence of pre‐existing diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and age of the patients on COVID‐19 infection is reviewed. The possible treatments of SARS‐CoV‐2 including antiviral drugs, Chinese traditional treatment and plasma therapy are elaborately discussed. The proper vaccine for COVID‐19 is not available till date. However, the trials of pre‐existing antiviral vaccines such as, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, ritonavir and lopinavir and their consequences are briefly presented. Further, the importance of new materials and devices for the detection and treatment of COVID‐19 has also been reviewed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based, and non‐PCR based devices are used for the detection of COVID‐19 infection. The non‐PCR based devices provide rapid results as compared to PCR based devices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173852/ doi: 10.1002/mds3.10140 id: cord-296174-95ap8qfn author: Singh, Arjun Gurmeet title: Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer date: 2020-04-27 words: 1708.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296174-95ap8qfn.txt summary: In some sense, both patients with COVID-19 and patients with head and neck cancer receiving palliative care run a similar disease course. What is worse is when a patient receiving palliative care contracts the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it will result in isolation measures extending to the inevitable. The primary goal of all head and neck oncology centers today is to triage patients and avoid unwanted hospitalizations and intensive care that would aggravate the need for rationing services. 9 During this pandemic, careful triaging of head and neck patients intended to or currently receiving palliative care is necessary to prevent further denuding of critical care resources. As head and neck cancer care providers it is imperative we deliver the best possible care to patients with the resources at hand, irrespective of their outcomes. Navigating the impact of COVID-19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer abstract: Health care services are being confronted by a daily dilemma of who can receive critical care and who cannot. In a palliative care clinic, this apprehension gets exemplified, as these patients have limited life expectancy. The head and neck region further makes things critical, as it comprises of all the sites through which the SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted. This document strives to define the ways in which the head and neck cancer services can contribute to better patient care in a triage context. Practical steps suggested are protective equipment use, ensuring access to critical drugs (such as opioids), greater use of telemedicine consultations, discussing advance care plans, and embracing the role of a wider community support. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32338809/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26211 id: cord-282633-q7egnpaq author: Singh, Ashish Kumar title: COVID‐19: Assessment of knowledge and awareness in Indian society date: 2020-08-27 words: 2311.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282633-q7egnpaq.txt summary: This study will help government and peoples to understand and handle this coronavirus pandemic effectively and in prevention of COVID‐19, which is crucial for the awareness of society in coming time. In view of this, this study attempted to assess the awareness, threat, symptoms and its prevention among people of India about the COVID-19. The respondents have adequate awareness for COVID-19 outbreak and its preventive measures, out of total, 98% (513) answered that the virus spreads from one person to another, 95% (494) answered that the disease is caused by a virus. This study will help government and peoples to understand and handle this coronavirus pandemic effectively and in prevention of COVID-19, which is crucial for the awareness of society in coming time. There is very little research in India covering the above factors, so this study is crucial for planning and adopting the preventive measures by public and government officials during this pandemic. abstract: COVID‐19, which was initiated regionally at Wuhan of China, has become a global pandemic by infecting people of almost all the world. Human civilizations are facing threat for their survival and livelihood. No country are getting any substantial relief and solution from this pandemic rather to convince their citizens to make aware and taking precaution by changing their living style. In view of this, this study attempted to assess the awareness, threat, symptoms and its prevention among people of India about the COVID‐19. A total of 522 responses from all over India were received. The respondents have adequate awareness for COVID‐19 outbreak and its preventive measures, out of total, 98% (513) answered that the virus spreads from one person to another, 95% (494) answered that the disease is caused by a virus. Peoples understand the importance of social distancing and other preventive measures prescribed by the government with good attitude for coronavirus. Peoples are following trusted sources for corona information, having confidence to defeat disease but showed their concern for corona threat, are aware about the virus, its common symptoms and prevention, govt. testing and medical facilities. Principal component analysis was used to identify the latent dimensions regarding people's preventive measures and was found that they are majorly adopting three methods, that is, lockdown, naturopathy and social distancing. This study will help government and peoples to understand and handle this coronavirus pandemic effectively and in prevention of COVID‐19, which is crucial for the awareness of society in coming time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904779/ doi: 10.1002/pa.2354 id: cord-254452-gqqdx2r5 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies date: 2020-05-12 words: 3162.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254452-gqqdx2r5.txt summary: METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as "Remdesivir" or ''GS-5734″ AND "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. A preliminary report (April 29, 2020) from an interim analysis of an ongoing double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) recently suggested that remdesivir had a 31% faster time to recovery, compared to the placebo (p<0.001), in patients with COVID-19 [15] . In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Newer randomized controlled studies that have recently become available, showed a mixed result. We aimed to systematically search the literature to understand the pharmacology and clinical effects of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as “Remdesivir” or ‘GS-5734″ AND “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: Initial compassionate use of remdesivir has shown a fairly good result, but difficult to quantify, in the absence of control arm. While the very first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted in Wuhan, did not find any significant benefit compared to the control, the preliminary result of another similar multi-country trial has shown a significant faster time to recovery but without any difference in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Remdesivir has shown a mixed result in patients with COVID-19 with an acceptable side effect. However, jury is still out while awaiting the results from the forthcoming trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428865/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.018 id: cord-286638-bqxyb61p author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations date: 2020-04-09 words: 4824.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286638-bqxyb61p.txt summary: The disease burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has been increasing continuously with more than a million confirmed patients and more than 45 thousand deaths globally [1] . Emerging data suggests that COVID-19 is common in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the prevalence rate varied in different studies as well in country-wise data. Evolving data also suggest that patients of COVID-19 with diabetes are more often associated with severe or critical disease varying from 14 to 32% in different studies [15e18, 20, 22, 24] . Though there is limited data about the association of blood glucose levels with disease course in COVID-19 at present, data from other infections like SARS and influenza H1N1 has shown that patients with poor glycemic control have increased risk of complications and death [60, 61] . abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High prevalence of diabetes makes it an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to review and analyze the data regarding the association between diabetes and COVID-19, pathophysiology of the disease in diabetes and management of patients with diabetes who develop COVID-19 infection. METHODS: PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms ‘COVID-19’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, ‘diabetes’, ‘antidiabetic therapy’ up to April 2, 2020. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed. RESULTS: There is evidence of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. COVID-19 could have effect on the pathophysiology of diabetes. Blood glucose control is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease. Innovations like telemedicine are useful to treat patients with diabetes in today’s times. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004 id: cord-290000-4ko413xm author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Editorial: Herd mentality, herds of migrants/people, and COVID-19 in India date: 2020-05-05 words: 617.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290000-4ko413xm.txt summary: At this time, even apex scientific research agency of India, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), hurriedly issued guideline for prophylaxis of COVID-19, thus clearing use of HCQ in high risk contacts [1] . This ''herd mentality'' of taking HCQ as ''prophylactic drug'' was seen far and wide amongst physician community as well, although most of them were not in contact with any COVID-19 patient. In India, messages to obviate such ''herd mentality'' (blindly following untrusted advice regarding prophylaxis and treatment) and ''herd behavior'' (e.g. joining celebrities, preachers etc., in religious and social events) has be strongly communicated to all segment of society, including physicians. A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120301235?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.004 id: cord-295973-41jqgsv0 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries date: 2020-03-26 words: 3461.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt summary: In this review article, we have systematically searched the medical data base until and collated all the available evidences that have emerged so far on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in the treatment of patients with COVID19 , with or without diabetes and present a perspective on both these compounds. A Chinese study involving more than 100 patients of COVID-19 found chloroquine superior to the control group in reducing symptom duration, exacerbation of pneumonia including radiological improvement and promoting virus-negative seroconversion without any severe side effects [18] . The expert consensus from the Department of Science and Technology and Health Commission of Guangdong province published on 20th February (based on in vitro evidence and still unpublished clinical experience) chloroquine phosphate tablet at a dose of 500 mg twice per day for 10 days for patients diagnosed as mild, moderate and severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the absence of contraindication to the drug [21] . abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: No drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. AIMS AND METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19. RESULTS: Two small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Considering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32247211/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.011 id: cord-323816-3m1iu9j2 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India date: 2020-08-27 words: 2689.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323816-3m1iu9j2.txt summary: Emerging data clearly suggests, that associated comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and malignancy are often associated with increase in severity and or mortality in patients with COVID-19. A Boolean search was carried out to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19 in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords that include "SARS-CoV2" OR "COVID-19", AND "risk", "severity", "mortality", "obesity", "diabetes", "hypertension", "cardiovascular disease", "chronic kidney disease", "cancer", "chronic pulmonary disease", "developing countries". In this regard, our recent meta-analysis Table 1 summarizes the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 from the largest reported data from China, USA, UK, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Kuwait and India [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Presence of comorbidities in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have often been associated with increased in-hospital complications and mortality. Intriguingly, several developed countries with a higher quality of life have relatively higher mortality with COVID-19, compared to the middle- or low-income countries. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have shown a higher predilection to contract COVID-19, with heightened mortality. We sought to review the available literature with regards to impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on the health and economics, especially in context to the developing countries including India. METHODS: A Boolean search was carried out in PubMed, MedRxiv and Google Scholar databases up till August 23, 2020 using the specific keywords to find the prevalence of comorbidities and its outcome in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: All available evidence consistently suggests that presence of comorbidities is associated with a poor outcome in patients with COVID-19. Diabetes prevalence is highest in Indian COVID-19 patients compared to other countries. Majority of the patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic ranging from 26 to 76%. CONCLUSIONS: Universal masking is the need of hour during unlock period. Low-income countries such as India, Brazil and Africa with less resources and an average socio-economic background, must adopt a strict policy for an affordable testing programs to trace, test, identify and home quarantine of asymptomatic cases. Despite the huge number of COVID-19 patients, India still has low volume research at the moment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32891011/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.032 id: cord-333164-1iiwhmkm author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) date: 2020-05-23 words: 536.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333164-1iiwhmkm.txt summary: title: Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) Reply to the Letter of Mahajan and Gaur in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.) . Similarly, the figures in our article has much more detailed information on the interaction of renin angiotensin system blockers (RASB), ACE-2 and coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensivecohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120301491 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.030 id: cord-338417-7kw9lws0 author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar title: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers date: 2020-04-09 words: 3212.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338417-7kw9lws0.txt summary: RESULTS: From the pooled data of all ten available Chinese studies (n = 2209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, hypertension was present in nearly 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) in approximately 7% of patients. Emerging data suggests that older COVID-19 patients with other comorbid conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac and pulmonary disease are in particular more susceptible, compared to general populations and have higher mortality. We have systematically searched the PubMed medical database up till March 27, 2020 using MeSH key words that include Covid-19, coronavirus, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Interestingly, in the pooled data from the ten Chinese studies (n ¼ 2209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19; associations of hypertension, diabetes and presence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) are larger, varying from 15 to 30% (average 21%), 5e20% (average 11%) and 2e40% (average 7%) respectively (Table 1) . abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: COVID-19 is already a pandemic. Emerging data suggest an increased association and a heightened mortality in patients of COVID-19 with comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the outcome in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and its relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB). METHODS: We have systematically searched the medical database up to March 27, 2020 and retrieved all the published articles in English language related to our topic using MeSH key words. RESULTS: From the pooled data of all ten available Chinese studies (n = 2209) that have reported the characteristics of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, hypertension was present in nearly 21%, followed by diabetes in nearly 11%, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) in approximately 7% of patients. Although the emerging data hints to an increase in mortality in COVID-19 patients with known hypertension, diabetes and CVD, it should be noted that it was not adjusted for multiple confounding factors. Harm or benefit in COVID-19 patients receiving RASB has not been typically assessed in these studies yet, although mechanistically and plausibly both, benefit and harm is possible with these agents, given that COVID-19 expresses to tissues through the receptor of angiotensin converting enzyme-2. CONCLUSION: Special attention is definitely required in patients with COVID-19 with associated comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and established CVD. Although the role of RASB has a mechanistic equipoise, patients with COVID-19 should not stop these drugs at this point of time, as recommended by various world organizations and without the advice of health care provider. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.016 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.016 id: cord-319241-div9rzax author: Singh, Bhuchitra title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its Effect on Gametogenesis and Early Pregnancy date: 2020-09-23 words: 4386.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319241-div9rzax.txt summary: There is also evidence of significant placental pathology in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but it is unclear what effects there may be for early pregnancy, though available data suggest less severe effects compared to other respiratory virus outbreaks. We searched for articles that contained information related to SARS-CoV-2 and reproductive tissues (ovaries, testes), gametes, placentation, and early pregnancy in humans. Our search phrases included: "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "2019 ncov", "sarscov 2", "SARS-Cov-2", "pregnancy", "gravidity", "abortion", "germ cells", "oocytes", "gametes", "embryonic structures", "embryo", "fertility", "testes", "miscarriage"(See Appendix 1 for completed list of databases search strategy and Figure 1 for PRISMA table). Specifically, 10 women with severe COVID-19 were tested or SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal fluid, with all samples negative for virus [48] . Another study performed during the 2002-2003 SARS pandemic showed that 4 of 7 (57%) pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV had a spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy [55] , though notably no viral inclusion bodies or particles were detected in the products of conception. abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and pregnancy has been the topic of hundreds of publications over the last several months, however, few studies have focused on the implications of infection in early pregnancy and reproductive tissues. Here we analyzed available evidence pertaining to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, early pregnancy, and reproductive tissues. We searched PubMed and Embase databases in accordance with guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) for publications from inception to June 4, 2020. Four reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and obtained full text articles for analysis. 62 studies were included in the review. Biological plausibility for infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 exists in testis, ovaries, and placenta as they express ACE2 receptor activity. In males, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could lead to functional abnormalities leading to spermatogenic failure and male infertility. In females, an alteration of the ACE2 cascade via SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could lead to impairment in important follicular and luteal processes. There is also evidence of significant placental pathology in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, but it is unclear what effects there may be for early pregnancy, though available data suggest less severe effects compared to other respiratory virus outbreaks. Further investigation is needed regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 in reproductive function and early pregnancy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969123/ doi: 10.1111/aji.13351 id: cord-148145-qg5623s7 author: Singh, Bikash Chandra title: COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in the Subcontinent: A data-driven analysis date: 2020-08-22 words: 5832.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-148145-qg5623s7.txt summary: More specifically, we use various models (for example, susceptible infection recovery (SIR), exponential growth (EG), sequential Bayesian (SB), maximum likelihood (ML) and time dependent (TD)) to estimate the reproduction numbers and observe the model fitness in the corresponding data set. Since the governments of different countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic seriously, it is important that the researchers estimate: (i) the pandemic regionally based on the basic reproduction number, (ii) the arrival of the peak time, and forecast the time course of the epidemic by analyzing the data on the total number of infected cases, (iii) the total number of confirmed cases, (iv) the total number of deaths, and (v) the total number of cases recovered, etc. In this study, we use SIR, EG, SB, ML and TD models to analyze data to determine the reproduction number and pre-dict the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. abstract: Human civilization is experiencing a critical situation that presents itself for a new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei, China. The grim fact of COVID-19 is, it is highly contagious in nature, therefore, spreads rapidly all over the world and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Responding to the severity of COVID-19 research community directs the attention to the analysis of COVID-19, to diminish its antagonistic impact towards society. Numerous studies claim that the subcontinent, i.e., Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, could remain in the worst affected region by the COVID-19. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, it is important to predict the trend of COVID-19 beforehand the planning of effective control strategies. Fundamentally, the idea is to dependably estimate the reproduction number to judge the spread rate of COVID-19 in a particular region. Consequently, this paper uses publicly available epidemiological data of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan to estimate the reproduction numbers. More specifically, we use various models (for example, susceptible infection recovery (SIR), exponential growth (EG), sequential Bayesian (SB), maximum likelihood (ML) and time dependent (TD)) to estimate the reproduction numbers and observe the model fitness in the corresponding data set. Experimental results show that the reproduction numbers produced by these models are greater than 1.2 (approximately) indicates that COVID-19 is gradually spreading in the subcontinent. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09803v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-289917-2mxd7zxf author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling tempo of COVID‐19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown date: 2020-08-04 words: 2751.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289917-2mxd7zxf.txt summary: A differential equation based simple model has been used to understand the pattern of COVID-19 in India and some states. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days. Therefore, on March There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. abstract: A very special type of pneumonic disease that generated the COVID‐19 pandemic was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is spreading all over the world. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for data scientists to model COVID‐19, when the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID‐19 are yet to be fully explained. The uncertainty around the COVID‐19 with no vaccine and effective medicine available until today create additional pressure on the epidemiologists and policy makers. In such a crucial situation, it is very important to predict infected cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. In this paper, we have tried to understand the spreading capability of COVID‐19 in India taking into account of the lockdown period. The numbers of confirmed cases are increased in India and states in the past few weeks. A differential equation based simple model has been used to understand the pattern of COVID‐19 in India and some states. Our findings suggest that the physical distancing and lockdown strategies implemented in India are successfully reducing the spread and that the tempo of pandemic growth has slowed in recent days. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2257 doi: 10.1002/pa.2257 id: cord-338466-7uvta990 author: Singh, Brijesh P. title: Modeling and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in India and significance of lockdown: A mathematical outlook date: 2020-10-31 words: 9001.0 sentences: 478.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338466-7uvta990.txt summary: For the spread of COVID-19, when disease dynamics are still unclear, mathematical modeling helps us to estimate the cumulative number of positive cases in the present scenarios. There are already various measures such as social distancing, lockdown masking and washing hand regularly has been implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but in absence of particular medicine and vaccine it is very important to predict how the infection is likely to develop among the population that support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. The logistic growth regression model is used for the estimation of the final size and its peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries of the World and found similar result obtained by SIR model (Batista, 2020) . abstract: A very special type of pneumonic disease that generated the COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is spreading all over the world. The ongoing outbreak presents a challenge for data scientists to model COVID-19, when the epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 are yet to be fully explained. The uncertainty around the COVID-19 with no vaccine and effective medicine available till today create additional pressure on the epidemiologists and policy makers. In such a crucial situation, it is very important to predict infected cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the preparation of healthcare service. India is fighting efficiently against COVID-19 and facing greater challenges because of its large population and high population density. Though the government of India is taking all needful steps to prevent its spread but it is not enough to control and stop spread of the disease so far, perhaps due to defiant nature of people living in India. Effective measure to control this disease, medical professionals needs to know the estimated size of this pandemic and pace. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the spreading capability of COVID-19 in India through some simple models. Findings suggest that the lockdown strategies implemented in India are not successfully reducing the pace of the pandemic significantly after first lockdown. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169716120300493 doi: 10.1016/bs.host.2020.10.005 id: cord-340663-zylk61ll author: Singh, Devendra Raj title: The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status date: 2020-06-17 words: 1685.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340663-zylk61ll.txt summary: There is a growing concern that the long-term extension of lockdown strategy can severely affect the health and nutrition security of the poor and vulnerable population in Nepal. The current lockdown has already exacerbated the health risks and health care resources, and are likely to continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine how COVID-19 lockdown impacts public health systems and nutritional outcomes in Nepal. As health systems continue to combat COVID-19, Nepal is at high risk of facing detrimental effects on (public) health care, further constraining the health resources of the country. Historically, Nepal has been facing food and nutrition security challenges with the highest prevalence of double and triple burden of malnutrition [13] . Equally important, health systems should ensure critical care interventions to screen, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 patients across the country. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582440/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010378 id: cord-327976-pwe95zoi author: Singh, Dr Shweta title: Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date: 2020-08-24 words: 5022.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt summary: This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. AIMS: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. CONCLUSION: There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents’ access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016517812031725X doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429 id: cord-270322-jkvo8s3f author: Singh, Jasvinder A. title: Gout management and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional internet survey date: 2020-10-14 words: 3407.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270322-jkvo8s3f.txt summary: METHODS: We assessed medication use, healthcare utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and resilience in people with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. Our objective was to assess the current patterns of gout care, including medication use and healthcare access, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological distress, and patient resilience, in people with gout in the midst of COVID-19. In addition to the demographics, we collected information on the use of medications for gout including ULT (allopurinol, febuxostat, and probenecid) and the patterns of use, gout flares, gout-specific quality of life, psychological distress, resilience, medication adherence, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on difficulty with gout care and healthcare access. abstract: AIM: We aimed to assess the gout management during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We assessed medication use, healthcare utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the Gout Impact Scale (GIS), psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), and resilience in people with self-reported physician-diagnosed gout during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey. RESULTS: Among the 122 survey respondents with physician-diagnosed gout, 82% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT) and 66% were taking ULT daily; mean age was 54.2 years [standard deviation (SD), 13.8], 65% were male, and 79% were White. More regular use of gout medication was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic: allopurinol, 44%; colchicine, 37%; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 36%. Gout flares were common: 63% had ⩾1 gout flare monthly; 11% went to emergency room/urgent care; and 2% were hospitalized with gout flares. Between 41% and 56% of respondents reported more difficulty with gout management and related functional status related to COVID-19; 17–37% had difficulty with healthcare access for gout. HRQOL deficits were evident for gout concern overall, 79.4 (SD, 25); unmet gout treatment need, 64.5 (SD, 27.1); and gout concern during flare, 67.3 (SD, 27.1); but less so for gout medication side effects, 48.9 (SD, 27.4). Psychological distress was moderate in 19% and severe in 15% (mild, 22%; normal, 45%). Resilience score on Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2) was 5.6 (SD, 1.8; range 0–8). Compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate–severe psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly associated with more difficulty getting gout medication filled (p = 0.02), flares treated (p = 0.005), and receiving gout education (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Healthcare gaps, psychological distress, and HRQoL deficits were commonly reported by people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to address these challenges for people with gout during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133248/ doi: 10.1177/1759720x20966124 id: cord-253948-yi57n8nc author: Singh, K. title: Impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak: A multi-state study in India date: 2020-06-16 words: 1852.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253948-yi57n8nc.txt summary: The present study examines the impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak in the majorly affected states of India. In this regard, we compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, Recovered case counts, Deceased cases, Average Temperature, Maximum Relative Humidity, Maximum Wind Speed for six most affected states of India during the period of March 25, 2020 to April 24, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 doi: medRxiv preprint of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the effects of weather indicators on COVID-19 outbreak for India. The primary weather indicators i.e. temperature (°C), wind speed (mph), and Humidity (%) are considered as independent variables for finding the correlation with affected cases of COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 doi: medRxiv preprint temperature 7 days ago has shown moderate correlation (0.394 < r < 0.728) with recovered cases in four states i.e. Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh for both Kendall and Spearman correlation test. abstract: The present study examines the impact of weather indicators on the COVID-19 outbreak in the majorly affected states of India. In this study, we hypothesize that the weather indicators could significantly influence the impact of the corona virus. The Kendall and Spearman rank correlation tests were chosen to conduct the statistical analysis. In this regard, we compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, Recovered case counts, Deceased cases, Average Temperature, Maximum Relative Humidity, Maximum Wind Speed for six most affected states of India during the period of March 25, 2020 to April 24, 2020. We investigated that the average Humidity and Average Temperature seven days ago play a significant role in the recovery of coronavirus cases. The rise in average temperature will improve the recovery rate in the days to come. The cities with very high humidity levels or dry weather conditions have high probabilities of recovery from COVID-19. The findings of this research will help the policymakers to identify risky geographic areas and enforce timely preventive measures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.20130666v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130666 id: cord-355903-1yzebh7d author: Singh, Kumar Tathagat title: Preparedness among dental professionals towards COVID-19 in India date: 2020-06-19 words: 2715.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355903-1yzebh7d.txt summary: Therefore, the present study was carried out for evaluating knowledge, attitude and practices along with perceived barriers by the dentist regarding various strategies for dental care provision given by competent authorities during pandemic, in a developing country like India. Analysis showed that total (summation of knowledge, attitude and practices) median score of the dentists regarding preparedness of working during pandemic was moderate. Table 2 shows differences in median total scores and interquartile range (IQR) among various demographic variables of respondents of KAP on dental practice during pandemic.  As soon as the lockdown measures do alleviate up finally, dentists must practice with all precautions and protocols;  The present study was conducted to assess the awareness, attitude, perceived barriers and practices by the dentist regarding various strategies for dental care provision given by competent authorities during pandemic, in a developing country like India; abstract: INTRODUCTION: novel corona virus infection has become a public health crisis leading the world to a standstill including dentistry. However, since the dental services cannot be stopped for a long period it is important that dentist be fully prepared before resuming their services. Therefore, the current study was carried out for evaluating knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) along with perceived barriers to practice dentistry during pandemic. METHODS: this cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey questionnaire on dentists of India. Dentists were enquired for demographics, KAP and perceived barriers regarding practicing dentistry during pandemic. The knowledge was assessed based on 16 items in true or false or multiple choice questions format getting score of 1 or 0. The attitude and practices by 8 items each, on 5-point Likert scale and 4 items perceived barriers were enquired. The differences between the median scores among demographic variables were determined by applying student's t-test and keeping level of significance at below 0.05. RESULTS: out of 500 dentists who were approached through email, a total of 296 dentists returned the questionnaire (response rate, 59.2%) among which 22 questionnaires were incomplete and thus excluded making 274 as final study participants. Overall poor median scores of knowledge and practices were obtained whereas for attitude total median score was good. Median practice scores were significantly higher among female respondents (20(6)). Median knowledge and practice scores were significantly better in study participants with age <40 years (6(4) and 19(5), respectively). CONCLUSION: with the recent claims of authorities that virus is going to stay in world for quite some time it is essential that dentists must be fully prepared before resuming their services and must attain proper awareness to limit the disease spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821319/ doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.108.23694 id: cord-331143-e9h7tq0x author: Singh, Manish Kumar title: Contagion effect of COVID‐19 outbreak: Another recipe for disaster on Indian economy date: 2020-05-27 words: 2896.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331143-e9h7tq0x.txt summary: It is having a growing impact on the global economy and unfortunately, the global health crisis becomes a global economic crisis due to the cancel of flights, restriction on labour mobility and volatility in stock markets, fall in oil prices, and so on. The United States, China, Japan, Germany, Britain, France and Italy have contributed 60% of world supply and demand [gross domestic product (GDP)], 65% of world manufacturing, and 41% of world manufacturing exports (Baldwin & di Mauro, 2020) but unfortunately, these are in the top-10 most affected countries by COVID-19 except Japan (WTO, 28 March 2020). Based on the above discussion, we develop two main objectives in this study, firstly, we accommodate the theoretical linkages to evaluate potential broad channels through which COVID-19 could impact an emerging economy like India. abstract: The global outbreak of COVID‐19 and subsequent lockdowns raises serious economic concern and havoc worldwide. This article tries to provide an economic perspective of COVID‐19 in India using some statistical figure of economic indicators. Analysis is based on the data collected for macro‐economy, travel & tourism, transportation, stock market, human capital and trade. Finding revel that India could experience a health debacle at present and excruciating economic contraction in the near future if the government is unable to execute a proper policy framework. Based on the discussion, a few policy suggestions have been presented to counter both health and economic crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837319/ doi: 10.1002/pa.2171 id: cord-346187-pd65r6cp author: Singh, Omvir title: Association between climatic variables and COVID-19 pandemic in National Capital Territory of Delhi, India date: 2020-10-07 words: 4922.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346187-pd65r6cp.txt summary: Eight climatic variables such as maximum, minimum and mean temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), bright sunshine hours, wind speed (km/h), evaporation (mm), and rainfall (mm) have been analyzed in relation to COVID-19. The results of this study suggest that climatic conditions in NCT of Delhi are favorable for COVID-19 and the disease may spread further with the increasing temperature, relative humidity, evaporation and wind speed. Therefore, to fill this research gap, this study has been attempted to provide scientific evidences regarding the spread of COVID-19-infected cases in relation to various climatic variables over NCT of Delhi, a megacity in India. Recently, correlation analysis has been extensively used to associate COVID-19 pandemic confirmed cases with climatic variables (Bashir et al. The daily data of COVID-19 and eight climatic variables such as maximum, minimum and mean temperature, relative humidity, bright sunshine hours, wind speed, evaporation, and rainfall have been analyzed for the period March 14 to June 11, 2020 (90 days). abstract: Globally, since the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been recognized as a severe infectious disease. Therefore, this study has been attempted to examine the linkage between climatic variables and COVID-19 particularly in National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT of Delhi), India. For this, daily data of COVID-19 has been used for the period March 14 to June 11, 2020, (90 days). Eight climatic variables such as maximum, minimum and mean temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), bright sunshine hours, wind speed (km/h), evaporation (mm), and rainfall (mm) have been analyzed in relation to COVID-19. To study the relationship among different climatic variables and COVID-19 spread, Karl Pearson’s correlation analysis has been performed. The Mann–Kendall method and Sen’s slope estimator have been used to detect the direction and magnitude of COVID-19 trends, respectively. The results have shown that out of eight selected climatic variables, six variables, viz. maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, relative humidity, evaporation, and wind speed are positively associated with coronavirus disease cases (statistically significant at 95 and 99% confidence levels). No association of coronavirus disease has been found with bright sunshine hours and rainfall. Besides, COVID-19 cases and deaths have shown increasing trends, significant at 99% confidence level. The results of this study suggest that climatic conditions in NCT of Delhi are favorable for COVID-19 and the disease may spread further with the increasing temperature, relative humidity, evaporation and wind speed. This is the only study which has presented the analysis of COVID-19 spread in relation to several climatic variables for the most densely populated and rapidly growing city of India. Thus, considering the results obtained, effective policies and actions are necessary especially by identifying the areas where the spread rate is increasing rapidly in this megacity. The prevention and protection measures should be adopted aiming at to reduce the further transmission of disease in the city. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01003-6 doi: 10.1007/s10668-020-01003-6 id: cord-305076-v56y5nyt author: Singh, Parmvir title: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Devastating Systemic Disorder of Special Concern with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-23 words: 2911.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305076-v56y5nyt.txt summary: Clinical patterns with DIC are varied, exemplified by those identified with COVID-19, from petechial to acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene, some resembling chilblains disease (Figures 1,2) 7 . 8, 15 Skin manifestations caused by thrombosis include acral cyanosis (25%) and gangrene (17%). 8 It is important to differentiate the thrombotic/coagulopathic vasculopathic acral ischemia as seen in DIC from chilblain-like lesions (blue "COVID toes"), also associated with the This article is protected by copyright. 1,24,43-46 COVID-19-associated DIC therapy should follow accepted strategy employing thromboembolic prophylaxis for critically ill hospitalized patients and standard supportive care measures 47 . Presentation and outcome of purpura fulminans associated with peripheral gangrene in 12 patients at Mayo Clinic Comparison of a new criteria for sepsis-induced coagulopathy and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation score in critically ill patients with sepsis 3.0: a retrospective study abstract: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is linked with severe COVID‐19, prompting considerable concern. DIC can be a devastating systemic disorder. It is often markedly manifest on the skin as acrocyanosis or as petechiae and purpura with progression to hemorrhagic bullae. Subcutaneous hematomas may occur, as may thrombotic findings including necrosis and gangrene. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32700813/ doi: 10.1111/dth.14053 id: cord-314378-cs9ggqwk author: Singh, Prateush title: The Effects of a Novel Global Pandemic (COVID-19) on a Plastic Surgery Department date: 2020-04-29 words: 1424.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314378-cs9ggqwk.txt summary: The long-term implications of this for patients and the economy are uncertain; here we discuss our thoughts on the likely impact on our tertiary plastic surgery department in the UK. 6 According to the Department of Health coronavirus action plan, 7 the 4 steps in the overall response are "containment" (prevent spread), "delay" (slow spread), "research," and "mitigation" (treat infected patients), but a separate statement to "minimise the potential impact on society … including key public services" is also present: what does this mean for plastic surgery departments? Plastic surgery departments are tertiary centers managing acute infections, trauma, and burns, as well as elective reconstructive procedures and research. It is imperative that the seemingly all-encompassing attention on COVID-19 does not adversely affect the acute response needed to deal with plastic surgery emergencies. According to the National Audit Office, £16 billion is spent on elective NHS care per year, 8 with waiting lists for elective plastic surgery procedures up to 12 months long. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32347920/ doi: 10.1093/asj/sjaa074 id: cord-288336-io1t141z author: Singh, Rahul title: Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 words: 1063.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288336-io1t141z.txt summary: title: Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection Here we present a case of COVID 19 causing hemorrhagic cardiac tamponade in a 62-year old man who required pericardiocentesis and admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Lab results showed hyponatremia, acute kidney injury, leukocytosis with lymphopenia, mildly macrocytic anemia, coagulation panel within normal limits, an elevated D-dimer and negative serial troponins (Table 1 ) An echocardiography was emergently done and revealed a large pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology (Figure 3 , Video 1). Although not as common, viral pericarditis can cause hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, especially Coxsackie virus [5] [6] [7] . It is imperative to note that hemorrhagic pericardial effusion leading to tamponade may be the sole yet potentially lethal manifestation of this viral infection. • Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion may be the sole cardiac manifestation of COVID 19 Bloody pericardial effusion in patients with cardiac tamponade: is the cause cancerous, tuberculous, or iatrogenic in the 1990s? abstract: • There are protean manifestations of cardiac involvement with COVID 19; • Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion may be the sole cardiac manifestation of COVID 19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838097/ doi: 10.1016/j.case.2020.05.020 id: cord-340110-nvjit17f author: Singh, Rakesh title: An urgent call for measures to fight against increasing suicides during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal date: 2020-06-20 words: 1668.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340110-nvjit17f.txt summary: Further, a mechanism should be established to follow-up the discharged COVID-19 recovered patients via telephone by LHWs or CWs or PHWs to assess their mental health status and provide counseling service to help prevent stress, depression and mitigate suicidal thoughts as J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f COVID-19 recovered patients are at higher risk of discrimination leading to loneliness (Singh and Subedi, 2020). While these measures are keys to fight against COVID-19 pandemic, it is also very important to protect and promote one''s mental wellbeing in this unusual situation which could lead an individual to stress, depression, suicidal ideation thoughts among people due to perceived isolation and loneliness (Singh and Subedi, 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201820303713?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102259 id: cord-026340-2nf97zvc author: Singh, Ranjana title: Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario date: 2020-06-07 words: 7542.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt summary: In this review article, we have systematically searched for details of COVID-19 pandemic till May 2020 and assembled few data pertaining to (i) Corona viruses; (ii) SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19'' and (iii) How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine mediates anti-viral effect in both prophylactic and therapeutic setting. The Corona Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) after assessing the etiological agent named it SARS-CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus2) and the disease outbreak as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-Year of Identification). During COVID-19, SARS-CoV2 S-protein binds to host cell''s receptor ACE2 (Belouzard et al. As for the case of SARS-CoV, it was shown that the binding specificity of virus to host cell was due to 3 prime amino acid residues in S1 protein at positions 360, 479, and 487. abstract: Today, the whole world is fighting a public health emergency called ‘COVID-19’ caused by a new infectious virus called SARS-CoV2. Any person can catch COVID-19 from an infected person via aerosol droplets when the person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. To limit such a transmission, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended people to wear masks and physically distance themselves by staying at least 1 m (3 feet) away from others. As aerosol droplets (by cough or sneeze) land on objects and surfaces around the person such as tables, doorknobs and handrails, and remain active on these surfaces for hours to days, people are advised to use soaps for at least 20 s. and alcohol-based sanitizers as well. As the public made efforts, clinicians and researchers investigated and found that drugs which were initially used to treat other diseases may work as a treatment option for COVID-19. One of those drugs was Chloroquine and its related derivative called hydroxychloroquine. In this review article, we have systematically searched for details of COVID-19 pandemic till May 2020 and assembled few data pertaining to (i) Corona viruses; (ii) SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19’ and (iii) How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine mediates anti-viral effect in both prophylactic and therapeutic setting. These data have been acquired mostly from PubMed and websites of WHO and Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR). We did a systematic search and found that the properties of chloroquine are very much essential for the COVID-19 scenario. We also bring to you some evidence that the anti-lysosomal activity of chloroquine may be increased by botanicals like betulinic acid. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275976/ doi: 10.1007/s41403-020-00114-w id: cord-286740-1esvgcxp author: Singh, S. title: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ZINC IN COVID-19 INFECTIONS AND MORTALITY: IS ZINC DEFICIENCY A RISK FACTOR FOR COVID-19? date: 2020-06-14 words: 2167.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286740-1esvgcxp.txt summary: Considering, Zinc ''s key immunomodulatory role, widespread deficiency along with the selfand prescribed intervention in different target groups, e.g. children, women, elderly, carefully planned dedicated exploratory studies to understand the basis of the observed association are advisable. Recently, a protective correlation between Vitamin D serum levels and the cases and the deaths per million from COVID-19 had been indicated in the European countries supposedly having comparable confounding variables and similar health care infrastructure [5, 6] . Surprisingly, our analysis of the selected European countries indicated a consistently negative correlation of Zinc deficiency with COVID-19 cases per million population over the time period and indicated an almost significant correlation with the adverse outcome, i.e., death, which seemed improving with the passage of pandemic. Our analysis identified a negative association between the Zinc deficiency prevalence in the European countries and the COVID-19 impact in terms of cases and deaths per million population. abstract: Variables responsible for the differential COVID-19 pandemic severity among countries remain undefined. Zinc, a micronutrient required for immunocompetence, is found deficient in populations. We hypothesized the differential COVID-19 severity observed among European countries could be associated with the Zn-deficiency prevalence. The COVID-19 data from different stages of pandemic i.e., 8 April, 12 and 26 May 2020, were analyzed for covariation with the estimated Zn-deficiency. A significant, relatively stable, but negative correlation of Zn-deficiency with cases per million for the time period (r(20): -0.4930 to -0.5335, p-value: 0.02720 to 0.0154) and a steady improvement of covariation with deaths per million (r(20): -0.4056; p-value: 0.0760 on 26 May 2020) was observed. Considering, Zinc 's key immunomodulatory role, widespread deficiency along with the self- and prescribed intervention in different target groups, e.g. children, women, elderly, carefully planned dedicated exploratory studies to understand the basis of the observed association are advisable. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20105676 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.12.20105676 id: cord-341745-2txzi7kb author: Singh, S. title: Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for COVID-19: A systematic review date: 2020-05-26 words: 4771.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341745-2txzi7kb.txt summary: RESULTS: After a review of 175 citations, we included 5 clinical trials (total of 345 patients), 9 observational studies (n = 2529), and 6 additional studies (n = 775) reporting on the QT interval. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality. Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID -19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality. We included both published and unpublished clinical trials and observational studies that reported on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use either as a single drug or in combination with azithromycin to treat patients hospitalized patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are widely used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients primarily based on antiviral activity in in vitro studies. Our objective was to systematically evaluate their efficacy and safety in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically reviewed PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Medrxviv for studies of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 hospitalized patients on April 26, 2020. We evaluated the quality of trials and observational studies using the Jadad criteria and Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively. RESULTS: After a review of 175 citations, we included 5 clinical trials (total of 345 patients), 9 observational studies (n = 2529), and 6 additional studies (n = 775) reporting on the QT interval. Three studies reported treatment benefits including two studies reporting benefit on virologic outcomes, which was statistically significant in one study, and another reported significant improvement on cough symptoms. Three studies reported that treatment was potentially harmful, including an significantly increased risk of mortality in two studies and increased need for respiratory support in another. Eight studies were unable to detect improvements on virologic outcomes (n = 3) or pneumonia or transfer to ICU/death (n = 5). The proportion of participants with critical QTc intervals of [≥] 500 ms or an increase of [≥] 60 ms from baseline ranged from 8.3% to 36% (n = 8). One clinical trial and six observational studies were of good quality. The remaining studies were of poor quality. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.19.20106906v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106906 id: cord-354939-lon10s7z author: Singh, S. title: ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS - AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS date: 2020-11-05 words: 1611.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354939-lon10s7z.txt summary: title: ZINC SUFFICIENCY STATUS AND COVID-19 MORTALITY IN SOCIALLY SIMILAR EUROPEAN POPULATIONS AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS A time-series association study was conducted on 23 different Zn sufficiency level but socially similar European populations/countries (Population: 522.47 million; experiencing up to >150 fold difference in death rates) with supposedly similar confounders and stage of the pandemic, covering the period from pre-peak-of-infections to post-peak-of-infections till flattening of the 1st wave of infections (12 March to 26 June). ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20151290 doi: medRxiv preprint 3 | P a g e reduced COVID-19 mortality using early-stage pandemic data (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) , though not without controversies for inclusion/exclusion criteria, non-matched pandemic stages, appropriateness of the data set and loss of association with the time post-peak-of-infections (8, 9, 11, 13) . The COVID-19 mortality rate in socially similar populations (Boxed NA and EU) is strongly associated with their Zinc sufficiency (Sup. Fig. abstract: The effect of Zinc (Zn) sufficiency/supplementation of the populations on the occurrence of COVID-19 and associated severe illness/mortality remains unknown. Worldwide, general recommendations for Zn sufficiency and immune-boosting for COVID-19 are in place. A time-series association study was conducted on 23 different Zn sufficiency level but socially similar European populations/countries (Population: 522.47 million; experiencing up to >150 fold difference in death rates) with supposedly similar confounders and stage of the pandemic, covering the period from pre-peak-of-infections to post-peak-of-infections till flattening of the 1st wave of infections (12 March to 26 June). Comparison of these populations, consistently displayed a strong and significant correlation/covariation of populations' Zn sufficiency/supplementation status with the COVID-19 mortality [Pearson's r(23): 0.7893 to 0.6849, p-value<0.0003] and cases per million [r(23):0.8084 to 0.5658; p-value<0.005], without requiring adjustments or extra exclusion/inclusion criterion being applied elsewhere, e.g., age, age distribution, comorbidities, sex, urbanization. Among the analyzed countries, elevated 9X mortality risk was observed for populations with >92.5 % Zn sufficiency levels at all times as compared to populations with lower Zn sufficiency. The presence of a small percentage of adults/elderly with conditions/comorbidities in the populations susceptible to higher Zn intake/supplementation related pathologies (Prasad et al., JAMA.1978; 240(20):2166-2168) could be suspected for the paradoxical observation. Controlled trials or retrospective analysis of the adverse event patients' data seem warranted for ascertaining the basis of the observation in uncertain terms for allowing the harnessing of the full protective potential of the Zn supplementation for populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20151290 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20151290 id: cord-292997-xbomgwzx author: Singh, Sandeep title: Takotsubo Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Published Cases date: 2020-10-06 words: 2425.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292997-xbomgwzx.txt summary: We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify COVID-19-associated TTS case reports and evaluated patient-level demographics, clinical attributes, and outcomes. There are 12 cases reported of TTS associated with COVID-19 infection with mean age of 70.8 ± 15.2 years (range 43–87 years) with elderly (66.6% > 60 years) female (66.6%) majority. Despite a lower prevalence of cardiac comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, direct myocardial injury, inflammation, and stress may contribute to TTS with a high complication rate. However, limited data on TTS in COVID-19 patients with only a handful of case reports promoted us to systematically review the published cases and pertinent outcomes. Furthermore, a modest increase in cardiac troponin and ECG changes suggestive of myocardial injury was noted in all the cases, which is commonly seen in TTS [26] , and could mimic acute coronary syndrome (ACS). abstract: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is caused by catecholamine surge, which is also observed in COVID-19 disease due to the cytokine storm. We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify COVID-19-associated TTS case reports and evaluated patient-level demographics, clinical attributes, and outcomes. There are 12 cases reported of TTS associated with COVID-19 infection with mean age of 70.8 ± 15.2 years (range 43–87 years) with elderly (66.6% > 60 years) female (66.6%) majority. The time interval from the first symptom to TTS was 8.3 ± 3.6 days (range 3–14 days). Out of 12 cases, 7 reported apical ballooning, 4 reported basal segment hypo/akinesia, and 1 reported median TTS. Out of 12 cases, during hospitalization, data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reported in only 9 of the cases. The mean LVEF was 40.6 ± 9.9% (male, 46.7 ± 5.7%, and female, 37.7 ± 10.6%). Troponin was measured in all 12 cases and was elevated in 11 (91.6%) without stenosis on coronary angiography except one. Out of 11 cases, 6 developed cardiac complications with 1 case each of cardiac tamponade, heart failure, myocarditis, hypertensive crisis, and cardiogenic shock in 2. Five patients required intubation, 1 patient required continuous positive airway pressure, and 1 patient required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The outcome was reported in terms of recovery in 11 (91.6%) out of 12 cases, and a successful recovery was noted in 10 (90.9%) cases. COVID-19-related TTS has a higher prevalence in older women. Despite a lower prevalence of cardiac comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, direct myocardial injury, inflammation, and stress may contribute to TTS with a high complication rate. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00557-w doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00557-w id: cord-290551-a02tueuu author: Singh, Shailendra title: Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. date: 2020-08-21 words: 2708.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290551-a02tueuu.txt summary: title: Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in United States: A Multicenter Electronic Health Records Network Study. We performed a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX (Cambridge, MA, USA), a global federated health research network that provided access to electronic medical records of patients from multiple large member healthcare organizations (HCOs) in United States. Our study using a large nationally representative database showed that COVID-19 patients with any degree of obesity had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization and intubation or death compared to patients without obesity. An analysis of a larger group of selected patients using diagnostic criteria of obesity as any time before the index event (after PSM n=9769) showed a higher risk for composite outcomes in the obesity group ( J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835663/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.028 id: cord-331394-zie0tmvt author: Singh, Surendra title: Data on social and health vulnerability in rural India: A Case of Covid-19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 1187.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331394-zie0tmvt.txt summary:  These data are unique and relevant for health policy for rural India because they provide village-level vulnerability status of households to health emergency, i.e., Covid-19 pandemic. After taking expert advice from doctors, academicians and public administration, a structured scheduled was prepared to elicit household''s perception to Covid-19, their socioeconomic status and curative and preventive measures they have taken. After taking expert advice from doctors, academicians and public administration, a structured scheduled was prepared to elicit household''s perception to Covid-19, their socioeconomic status and curative and preventive measures they have taken. Thus total 150 samples were collected in five villages of Mathura district to elicit the households'' perception of Covid-19 regarding preventive and curative measures used by the villagers to cope with Covid-19. Thus total 150 samples were collected in five villages of Mathura district to elicit the households'' perception of Covid-19 regarding preventive and curative measures used by the villagers to cope with Covid-19. abstract: An attempt was made to understand the gap between health and social vulnerability to Covid-19 pandemic. By using multistage sampling technique, 150 samples were collected during February and March 2020. Data highlight that households are highly exposed to novel Covid-19 and also equally sensitive to inadequate and poor availability and accessibility of clean water, sanitation and health care system. Data suggest a grass root awareness programme (ex-ante preventive measures) in the regional languages; increase public health budget to meet the demand and improve the supply chain; establishment of more physical and human infrastructure in long run; comprehensive plan to ensure continuous water supply in the rural areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32715046/ doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106020 id: cord-321379-7bpl5n3j author: Singh, Sweta title: Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking date: 2020-06-03 words: 3993.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321379-7bpl5n3j.txt summary: Methods: In this study, we present the results of molecular docking processes through high throughput virtual screening to analyze drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), ethamidindole, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid, justicidin D, euphol, and curine are few of the lead molecules found after docking 129 known antivirals, antimalarial, antiparasitic drugs and 992 natural products. The best therapeutic drugs inferred from our studies are atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), justicidin D, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid and ethamidindole based on their docking score, interaction studies and their present applications for probable COVID-19 treatment. The authors must discuss in further detail as to how this work compares with other published reports of drugs targeted against SARS-CoV-2.The authors should cite references for the results mentioned in the Introduction section of the manuscript.How was the -6 kcal/mol free binding energy cut-off selected? abstract: Background: The dawn of the year 2020 witnessed the spread of the highly infectious and communicable disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally since it was first reported in 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is the main causative agent. In total, 3,096,626 cases and 217,896 deaths owing to COVID-19 were reported by 30th April, 2020 by the World Health Organization. This means infection and deaths show an exponential growth globally. In order to tackle this pandemic, it is necessary to find possible easily accessible therapeutic agents till an effective vaccine is developed. Methods: In this study, we present the results of molecular docking processes through high throughput virtual screening to analyze drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), ethamidindole, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid, justicidin D, euphol, and curine are few of the lead molecules found after docking 129 known antivirals, antimalarial, antiparasitic drugs and 992 natural products. Conclusions: These molecules could act as an effective inhibitory drug against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24218.1 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.24218.1 id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 13032.0 sentences: 690.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt summary: Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . abstract: Currently, there are no treatment options available for the deadly contagious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is a process of identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs and it is considered as a very effective strategy for drug discovery as it involves less time and cost to find a therapeutic agent in comparison to the de novo drug discovery process. The present review will focus on the repurposing efficacy of the currently used drugs against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and their future perspective. Relevant articles with experimental studies conducted in-silico, in-vitro, in-vivo, clinical trials in humans, case reports, and news archives were selected for the review. Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. These drugs either act through virus-related targets such as RNA genome, polypeptide packing and uptake pathways or target host-related pathways involving angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors and inflammatory pathways. Using the basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drugs as well as using computational tools, many drugs are currently in pipeline to be repurposed. In the current scenario, repositioning of the drugs could be considered the new avenue for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 id: cord-317092-5qba9jiq author: Singh, Tulika title: Lessons from COVID-19 in children: Key hypotheses to guide preventative and therapeutic strategies date: 2020-05-08 words: 4971.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317092-5qba9jiq.txt summary: The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reveals a peculiar trend of milder disease and lower case fatality in children compared to adults. Understanding differences in children''s immunity, host cellular factors required for virus replication, and physiology can provide insights into the correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs. In this review, we summarize current pediatric-specific knowledge on clinical disease, transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, and novel therapies and vaccines in trial. 38 For example, a regulator of lung morphogenesis that is lower in childhood, nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer of activated B cells (NF-b), plays a pathologic role in inflammatory diseases and should be evaluated as a protective host factor in pediatric versus adult SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this review, we evaluated recent reports on the pathology and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered several hypotheses for how these features may differ in children versus adults, and how they may differentially modulate disease in these populations. abstract: The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reveals a peculiar trend of milder disease and lower case fatality in children compared to adults. Consistent epidemiologic evidence of reduced severity of infection in children across different populations and countries suggests there are underlying biologic differences between children and adults that mediate differential disease pathogenesis. This presents a unique opportunity to learn about disease modifying host factors from pediatric populations. Our review summarizes the current knowledge of pediatric clinical disease, role in transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, as well as novel therapies and vaccine trials for children. We then define key hypotheses and areas for future research that can use the pediatric model of disease, transmission, and immunity to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for people of all age groups. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32382748/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa547 id: cord-317265-n6x0r58i author: Singh, Varsha title: Can Vitamins, as Epigenetic Modifiers, Enhance Immunity in COVID-19 Patients with Non-communicable Disease? date: 2020-07-13 words: 3931.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317265-n6x0r58i.txt summary: The purpose of this review is to provide evidence to consider vitamins as epigenetic modifiers to enhance immunity and reduce inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with non-communicable diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical evidence has suggested the risk of getting infected is high among individuals with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and renal disease, as well as the elderly with high mortality rate among the cohort. SUMMARY: Based on current published scientific and medical evidence, the suggestions made in this article for combination of vitamin therapy as epigenetic modifiers to control the unregulated inflammatory and cytokine marker expressions, further needs to be clinically proven. The clinical link between active inflammatory pathways in ARDS and the vitamin deficiency clearly indicates why COVID-19 causes high mortality in patients with chronic lung diseases. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The highly infectious transmissible disease, the novel SARS-CoV-2, causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has a median incubation time of 5 to 15 days. The symptoms vary from person to person and many are “hidden carriers.” Few people experience immediate reaction and even death within 48 h of infection. However, many show mild to chronic symptoms and recover. Nevertheless, the death rate due to COVID-19 transmission is high especially among patients with non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence to consider vitamins as epigenetic modifiers to enhance immunity and reduce inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with non-communicable diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical evidence has suggested the risk of getting infected is high among individuals with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and renal disease, as well as the elderly with high mortality rate among the cohort. The impact is due to an already compromised immune system of patients. Every patient has a different response to COVID-19, which shows that the ability to combat the deadly virus varies individually. Thus, treatment can be personalized and adjusted to help protect and combat COVID-19 infections, especially in individuals with non-communicable diseases. SUMMARY: Based on current published scientific and medical evidence, the suggestions made in this article for combination of vitamin therapy as epigenetic modifiers to control the unregulated inflammatory and cytokine marker expressions, further needs to be clinically proven. Future research and clinical trials can apply the suggestions given in this article to support metabolic activities in patients and enhance the immune response. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00330-4 doi: 10.1007/s13668-020-00330-4 id: cord-308293-8y2iaqnl author: Singh, Vijay P. title: What underlies the benefit of famotidine formulations used during COVID-19? date: 2020-08-07 words: 775.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308293-8y2iaqnl.txt summary: This was a retrospective analysis of an inpatient cohort admitted to two hospitals in New York, which found that COVID-19 patients who were treated with famotidine exhibited a lower risk of death or mechanical ventilation as composite outcomes over a 30-day period. However, the current study published in Gastroenterology provides additional value as the previous cohort was much smaller in number, included patients without a proven COVID-19 diagnosis, and lacked a control group. Using in silico molecular docking screens, famotidine has been characterized as potentially being able to bind papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 2 5 . This represents weak, nonspecific binding of famotidine to both PLpro and Mpro, and is in contradiction to previous molecular docking studies. Famotidine Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0016508520350204 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.051 id: cord-312388-pc89ybxw author: Singhania, Namrata title: Current Overview on Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 4207.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312388-pc89ybxw.txt summary: ACE-2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, C4d complement 4d, C5b-9 complement 5b-9, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, IL interleukin, K clot formation time, LY30 clot lysis at 30 min, MA maximum amplitude, MAC membrane attack complex, MASP2 mannose-binding proteinassociated serine protease 2, R reaction time, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TEG thromboelastography, vWF von Willebrand factor showed small and firm thrombi in peripheral parenchyma [5] . Routine laboratory testing was performed in 24 critically ill COVID-19 patients and identified several abnormalities, including normal or slightly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), normal or increased platelet count, and increased D-dimer and fibrinogen levels [12] . In a series of 184 patients (all patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulation) with severe COVID-19 and in the ICU, VTE was reported in 27% [16] ; the study was associated with a 13% mortality rate. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought many unique pathologies, such as coagulopathy, prompting a desperate need for effective management. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) can cause various thromboembolic complications, especially in critically ill patients. The pathogenesis is likely due to endothelial injury, immobilization, and an increase in circulating prothrombotic factors. Data on treatment are limited, although prophylactic anticoagulation is advised in all hospitalized patients. Herein, we have comprehensively reviewed the current literature available on CAC and highlight the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of CAC. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32748336/ doi: 10.1007/s40256-020-00431-z id: cord-353717-jjd90fyh author: Singhavi, Ravi title: A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 1459.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353717-jjd90fyh.txt summary: title: A Case of Hemolytic Anemia With Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock: A Rare Presentation of COVID-19 In this report, we present a case of acute hemolytic anemia with acute myocarditis and cardiogenic shock in a male patient with COVID-19 infection. In this report, we presented a case of a COVID-19 patient who developed acute myocarditis and severe acute hemolytic anemia, as evident from peripheral blood smear showing schistocytes (fragmented RBCs) in peripheral smear with acute severe anemia along with elevated LDH, which is also a surrogate marker for hemolysis. To date, no case of severe hemolytic anemias with stress cardiomyopathy/acute myocarditis in a patient of COVID-19 have been formally reported in the literature. To date, no case of severe hemolytic anemias with stress cardiomyopathy/acute myocarditis in a patient of COVID-19 have been formally reported in the literature. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases are on the rise globally, and mortality- and survival-related data are emerging every day. In addition, upcoming reports are suggestive of increased risk of cardiac ailments in high-risk patients. In the context of cardiac involvement, acute myocarditis has become one of the unexplored areas in COVID-19 patients, which could influence the long-term outcomes. In this report, we present a rare case that warrants further study on the subject due to the paucity of data in the literature. To date, no case of severe hemolytic anemias with stress cardiomyopathy/acute myocarditis in a patient of COVID-19 has been formally reported in the literature. The bedside echocardiogram had shown a possibility of acute myocarditis. The patient’s marked left ventricular (LV) functional recovery without coronary intervention further corroborates the same. Clinicians should be aware of the diversity of cardiovascular/hematological complications, as well as focused cardiac ultrasound study and the importance of echocardiography as a good screening modality for cardiovascular and hematological complications of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33133827/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10657 id: cord-280427-smqc23vr author: Singla, Rubal title: Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence date: 2020-09-14 words: 7194.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt summary: The various evidence from the past clearly suggest that the evolution of the virus in both reservoir and intermediate animal hosts needs to be explored to better evaluate the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The qPCR and virus titration test conducted on the various isolated organs of the ferrets on day 4 post inoculation detected infectious virus in the nasal turbinate, soft palate and tonsils of ferrets indicating the possible replication of the virus in the upper respiratory tract of the ferrets while no infection was found in other organs such as trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, small intestine, brain and liver of the ferrets (Kim et al. This study results stipulate ferret to have high susceptibility for the SARS-CoV-2 and this infectious virus sheds by multiple routes of body discharge specimens such as urine and faeces of the infected ferrets which serve as a potential source of viral transmission to close contact. abstract: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to infect both humans and animals. However, the evidence of inter-transmission of coronavirus between humans and companion animals is still a debatable issue. There is substantial evidence that the virus outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission because this new virus belongs to the same family of viruses as SARS-CoV associated with civet cats, and MERS-CoV associated with dromedary camels. While the whole world is investigating the possibility about the transmission of this virus, the transmission among humans is established, but the interface between humans and animals is not much evident. Not only are the lives of human beings at risk, but there is an equal potential threat to the animal world. With multiple reports claiming about much possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from humans to animals, there has been a significant increase in the number of pets being abandoned by their owners. Additionally, the risk of reverse transmission of COVID-19 virus from companion pets like cats and dogs at home is yet another area of concern. The present article highlights different evidence of human-animal interface and necessitates the precautionary measures required to combat with the consequences of this interface. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have suggested various ways to promote awareness and corroborate practices for helping people as well as animals to stay secure and healthy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32926266/ doi: 10.1007/s11259-020-09781-0 id: cord-026788-4d3r9rj8 author: Singla, Vikas title: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-16 words: 1952.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026788-4d3r9rj8.txt summary: The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family. Drugs used to treat severe COVID-19 may cause liver injury and may have an effect on the underlying disease activity. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread throughout the globe in a very short span of time, which is beyond the imagination of most of us. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in southern China in November 2002 and resulted in more than 800 deaths. Patients with decompensated liver disease may be more prone to infection by SARS-CoV-2 because of underlying immunocompromised state, and the disease may be severe in these patients. In conclusion, SARS-CoV2 can cause hepatic and pancreatic injury, which is more common in patients with severe disease. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that has spread rapidly throughout the world. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family. Though the pulmonary involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas has been explained in these patients. The literature is rapidly changing because of influx of new information with every passage of time. The most common hepatic presentation is mild elevation of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, which does not require specific treatment. Occasionally, patients can have severe liver injury. Because of underlying predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, patients with nonalcoholic liver disease may be at risk of severe disease. Patients with decompensated liver disease may also be vulnerable to severe disease. Behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis is yet to be seen. The prevalence and severity of COVID-19 patients with the aforementioned diseases may be different. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on an underlying liver disease is not known. COVID-19 may complicate the peritransplant period and throw new challenges in these patients. Drugs used to treat severe COVID-19 may cause liver injury and may have an effect on the underlying disease activity. Both hepatic and pancreatic involvement is related to the severity of COVID-19 disease. Serum amylase and lipase levels may be elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. The involvement of pancreatic islet cells may lead to deranged blood sugar levels and potentially predispose to future diabetes mellitus. There are many unknown facts that will unfold with the passage of time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295265/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712079 id: cord-284519-cufyqv7h author: Singu, Sravani title: Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-07-21 words: 7910.0 sentences: 425.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt summary: Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. The CDC confirmed that individuals with preexisting diagnoses of asthma, cardiovascular (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or are elderly, immunocompromised, or obese have higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19 (4) . For example, education level of an individual can impact his or her occupation, which determines economic stability and income level, which can impact the type of healthcare the individual is eligible for and what neighborhood the individual lives in, which then impacts the social and community context the individual is surrounded by and those factors played important role in current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, health literacy was played a major role in whether an individual understands a health emergency situation, such as COVID-19 pandemic, and whether he or she will follow recommendations, such as social distancing. abstract: A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused a global pandemic in the months following the first four cases reported in Wuhan, China, on December 29, 2019. The elderly, immunocompromised, and those with preexisting conditions—such as asthma, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or obesity—experience higher risk of becoming severely ill if infected with the virus. Systemic social inequality and discrepancies in socioeconomic status (SES) contribute to higher incidence of asthma, CVD, hypertension, CKD, and obesity in segments of the general population. Such preexisting conditions bring heightened risk of complications for individuals who contract the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from the virus (2019-nCoV)—also known as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). In order to help vulnerable groups during times of a health emergency, focus must be placed at the root of the problem. Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. This review summarizes the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793544/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406 id: cord-271525-sgrr0mat author: Sinha, Rahul title: Infantile spasms and COVID-19: Challenges and solutions in resource-limited settings date: 2020-08-18 words: 1144.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271525-sgrr0mat.txt summary: A prospective study assessing the effectiveness of telemedicine was conducted in our centre in 2014 among 78 children between 4 months and 7 years of age with West syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In cases where baseline EEG is not available, clinical resolution of spasms and improvement in general activities in the infant may be used as a surrogate marker for the response. If spasms continue even after 2 weeks of maximum dose of steroid, then either ACTH or vigabatrin can be started depending on the availability. Developmental and epilepsy outcomes at age 4 years in the UKISS trial comparing hormonal treatments to vigabatrin for infantile spasms: a multi-centre randomised trial. Crisis Standard of Care: Management of Infantile Spasms during COVID-19 The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response in Children with West Syndrome in a Developing Country: A Retrospective Case Record Analysis Reverse quarantine: Management of COVID-19 by Kerala with its higher number of aged population abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0920121120304915 doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106441 id: cord-293154-vudycqos author: Sinha, Sanjai title: Implementation of Video Visits During COVID-19: Lessons Learned From a Primary Care Practice in New York City date: 2020-09-17 words: 4120.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293154-vudycqos.txt summary: Herein we report the experiences of one large, academic, urban primary care practice with implementing a video visit program during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. As outlined in the Video Visit Handbook, a main goal of each video visit for COVID-19 was for providers to determine if patients could be managed safely at home with supportive care, if they needed to be evaluated in-person at WCIMA''s newly established cough, cold, or fever clinic, or if they needed to go to the emergency room. Compared to patients who completed in-person visits in our practice during July 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 (our fiscal year-to-date data prior to the study period), those who completed video visits were younger (median age of 41-50 vs. This study describes the implementation of a video visit program at a large academic hospital-based primary care practice in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background: During the height of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an unprecedented demand for “virtual visits,” or ambulatory visits conducted via video interface, in order to decrease the risk of transmission. Objective: To describe the implementation and evaluation of a video visit program at a large, academic primary care practice in New York, NY, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and participants: We included consecutive adults (age > 18) scheduled for video visits from March 16, 2020 to April 17, 2020 for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 related complaints. Intervention: New processes were established to prepare the practice and patients for video visits. Video visits were conducted by attendings, residents, and nurse practitioners. Main measures: Guided by the RE-AIM Framework, we evaluated the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, and Implementation of video visits. Key results: In the 4 weeks prior to the study period, 12 video visits were completed. During the 5-weeks study period, we completed a total of 1,030 video visits for 817 unique patients. Of the video visits completed, 42% were for COVID-19 related symptoms, and the remainder were for other acute or chronic conditions. Video visits were completed more often among younger adults, women, and those with commercial insurance, compared to those who completed in-person visits pre-COVID (all p < 0.0001). Patients who completed video visits reported high satisfaction (mean 4.6 on a 5-point scale [SD: 0.97]); 13.3% reported technical challenges during video visits. Conclusions: Video visits are feasible for the delivery of primary care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33042950/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00514 id: cord-341529-dmiy0l9c author: Siniscalchi, Antonio title: Could COVID-19 represent a negative prognostic factor in patients with stroke? date: 2020-04-20 words: 635.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341529-dmiy0l9c.txt summary: Thus, they may be a potential target of SARS-CoV-2, which might explain the death of olfactory cells in patients with COVID-19. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 through the cribriform plaque of the ethmoid bone during an initial or subsequent infection phase can lead to brain involvement. The presence of CoVs in the cerebral nervous system has been confirmed in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of patients during autopsies. In patients with stroke, the presence of COVID-19 could be a potential extrinsic factor in the genesis or worsening of stroke. [8] [9] [10] The onset or worsening of a stroke in these patients could be caused either by direct damage of the CoVs on the nervous system and/or by an activation of the mechanisms of COVID-19 inflammation induced as well coagulation disorders. As the disease spreads and new evidence emerges, we need to identify the existence of additional pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke in COVID-19 patients. Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.146 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.146 id: cord-325001-5zd6fydo author: Sinkala, M. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling date: 2020-06-03 words: 1964.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt summary: title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling To predict the spread of COVID-19 in Africa and within each country on the continent, we applied a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered mathematical model. Here, our results show that, overall, Africa is currently (May 29, 2020) at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, after which we predict the number of cases would begin to fall in June 2020. Overall, at the end of this pandemic, we predict that approximately 279,000 (about 154,000 future cases) individuals in Africa would have been infected with the COVID-19 virus. Here, we use the SIR model to predict the spread of the COVID-19 positive cases on the African continent as a whole and in 45 different countries on the continent. Supplementary File 1: Predict cases of COVID-19 using the SIR model for each day across each country in Africa. abstract: Since the earliest reports of the Coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the disease has rapidly spread worldwide, attaining pandemic levels in early March 2020. However, the spread of COVID-19 has differed in the African setting compared to countries on other continents. To predict the spread of COVID-19 in Africa and within each country on the continent, we applied a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered mathematical model. Here, our results show that, overall, Africa is currently (May 29, 2020) at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, after which we predict the number of cases would begin to fall in June 2020. Furthermore, we predict that the ending phase of the pandemic would be in Mid-August 2020 and that decreasing cases of COVID-19 infections would be detected until around December 2020 and January 2021. Our results also reveal that of the 51 countries with reported COVID-19 cases, only nine, including South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia, are likely to report higher monthly COVID-19 cases in June 2020 than those reported in the previous months. Overall, at the end of this pandemic, we predict that approximately 279,000 (about 154,000 future cases) individuals in Africa would have been infected with the COVID-19 virus. Here, our predictions are data-driven and based on the previously observed trends in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shifts in the population dynamics and/or changes in the infectiousness of the COVID-19 virus may require new forecasts of the disease spread. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.01.20118893v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.01.20118893 id: cord-351446-j4ambec5 author: Sinonquel, P. title: COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: what should be taken into account? date: 2020-04-26 words: 2673.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351446-j4ambec5.txt summary: With this report we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high‐quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic. [6] SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads via droplets and aerosols, and indirectly by contact with contaminated surfaces which implies the absolute need of personal protective equipment (PPE) for both patients and health care workers/professionals, especially those operating in the aero-digestive tract. The aim of this report is to provide a practical guide for the protective management when performing endoscopic/endoluminal procedures of the GI tract in emergency, ambulatory or hospitalized patients, based upon the current available information worldwide and local experience in our tertiary university hospital. Before any procedure can be performed, the patient should wear a surgical mask and should be questioned about contact with COVID-19 positive individuals and recent or present symptoms like fever, cough and dyspnea, rhinitis, sudden loss of smell and/or taste. abstract: On March 11(th) 2020 the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID‐19 pandemic, leading to a subsequent impact on the entire world and health care system. Since the causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) houses in the aerodigestive tract, activities in the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic and endoscopy unit should be limited to emergencies only. Health care professionals are faced with the need to perform endoscopic or endoluminal emergency procedures in patients with a confirmed positive or unknown COVID‐19 status. With this report we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high‐quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/den.13706 doi: 10.1111/den.13706 id: cord-300320-07tdrd4w author: Siordia, Juan A. title: Systematic and Statistical Review of Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment Trials date: 2020-07-15 words: 4829.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300320-07tdrd4w.txt summary: Medications assessed included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Review of literature showed no significant clinical improvement with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, or remdesivir. Medical therapies investigated included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, heparin, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, and convalescent plasma. Key words included COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, randomized, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 controlled, human, retrospective, prospective, trial, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, arbidol, umifenovir, tocilizumab, favipiravir, steroids, dexamethasone, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, remdesivir, azithromycin, heparin, and low-molecular weight heparin. Lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, remdesivir, and heparin are medications that have been tested in human controlled trials for COVID-19 treatment. In human trials, arbidol shows no significant positive-negative conversion rate or recovery time compared to standard therapy or lopinavir/ritonavir [4, 9] . Combining T, treatment group (remdesivir); C, control group all the hydroxychloroquine human trials showed no benefit with reducing COVID-19 viral shedding time. abstract: The following systematic review and meta-analysis compile the current data regarding human controlled COVID-19 treatment trials. An electronic search of the literature compiled studies pertaining to human controlled treatment trials with COVID-19. Medications assessed included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Statistical analyses were performed for common viral clearance endpoints whenever possible. Lopinavir/ritonavir showed no significant effect on viral clearance for COVID-19 cases (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.50–1.83]). Hydroxychloroquine also showed no significant effect on COVID-19 viral clearance rates (OR 2.16 [95% CI 0.80–5.84]). Arbidol showed no 7-day (OR 1.63 [95% CI 0.76–3.50]) or 14-day viral (OR 5.37 [95% CI 0.35–83.30]) clearance difference compared to lopinavir/ritonavir. Review of literature showed no significant clinical improvement with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, or remdesivir. Tocilizumab showed mixed results regarding survival. Favipiravir showed quicker symptom improvement compared to lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol. Heparin and dexamethasone showed improvement with severe COVID-19 cases requiring supplemental oxygenation. Current medications do not show significant effect on COVID-19 viral clearance rates. Tocilizumab showed mixed results regarding survival. Favipiravir shows favorable results compared to other tested medications. Heparin and dexamethasone show benefit especially for severe COVID-19 cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838169/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00399-6 id: cord-334715-902pfxyz author: Sirico, Domenico title: Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology date: 2020-06-01 words: 2547.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334715-902pfxyz.txt summary: The aim of this position paper is to provide clinical recommendation regarding the execution of imaging investigations for the cardiac diagnostic work-up of paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed infection. In particular, the Echo-Lab leading team along with referring physicians should identify all those investigations that have an urgent/emergent indication and reschedule all the elective ones, especially for patients at higher risk of infection and low priority for echocardiogram. Echocardiogram execution Echocardiographic studies performed on paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be as focused as necessary to be of any diagnostic value. In the case of an echocardiogram in a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 hospital inpatient, a bedside investigation with a portable machine in the isolated room should be preferred, avoiding moving patients within the clinic or hospital. In this setting (suspected/confirmed COVID-19 and signs of myocarditis), CMR can be performed, considering the risk/benefit ratio according to the patient''s hemodynamic status and exam''s therapeutic impact. abstract: The recent outbreak of 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is having major repercussions on healthcare services provision in Italy and worldwide. Data suggest the virus has a strong impact on the cardiovascular system, and cardiac imaging will play an important role in patients affected by coronavirus disease-2019. Although paediatric patients are mildly affected, they represent a clear accelerator in spreading the virus, and healthcare workers are at higher risk of infection. The aim of this position paper is to provide clinical recommendation regarding the execution of imaging investigations for the cardiac diagnostic work-up of paediatric patients with suspected or confirmed infection. url: https://doi.org/10.2459/jcm.0000000000000990 doi: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000990 id: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author: Sirimaturos, Michael title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 words: 4095.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. While several reports on tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients now exist, data pertaining specifically to tocilizumab use in a large cohort of critically ill patients on invasive ventilation is lacking (11, 12) . Thus, in this report, we describe the 21-day outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 who received tocilizumab as part of their management strategy. Our report of tocilizumab in patients exclusively receiving invasive mechanical ventilation demonstrates a 21-day mortality of 21% and clinical improvement at day 21 in 58% of patients with severe disease. Preliminary data from the placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir, which subsequently led to its emergency use authorization by the FDA for treatment of severe COVID-19, do not demonstrate differences in recovery or mortality rates between the remdesivir and placebo groups among patients on invasive ventilation (21) . abstract: Effective treatments for the critically ill patient with novel coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed. Given the role of cytokine release syndrome in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019-associated respiratory distress, therapies aimed at mitigating cytokine release, such as the interleukin-6 receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, represent potential treatment strategies. Therefore, we examined the outcomes of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with tocilizumab and factors associated with clinical improvement. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis of 21-day outcomes for consecutive mechanically ventilated patients treated with tocilizumab from March 24, 2020, to May 4, 2020. SETTING: Nine ICUs at six hospitals within a hospital system in Houston, Texas, United States. PATIENTS: The first 62 coronavirus disease 2019 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation who were treated with tocilizumab, which was considered for all patients with severe disease. INTERVENTIONS: Tocilizumab was administered either at a weight-based dose of 4–8 mg/kg or at a flat dose of 400 mg, with repeat administration in some patients at the physician’s discretion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcomes were mortality and clinical improvement, defined as extubation. By day 21 post-tocilizumab, clinical improvement occurred in 36 patients (58%) and 13 patients (21%) died. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, age less than 60 years was associated with clinical improvement. Transient transaminitis was the most common adverse reaction, occurring in 25 patients (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. These findings support the need for evaluation of tocilizumab in a randomized controlled trial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063035/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000232 id: cord-339355-zkkj8a83 author: Siripanthong, Bhurint title: Coronavirus disease 2019 is delaying the diagnosis and management of chest pain, acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis and heart failure date: 2020-07-01 words: 2327.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339355-zkkj8a83.txt summary: In cardiology, COVID-19 has imposed an unfortunate conundrum: the disease is significantly associated with death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, [1, 2] and yet hospital admissions and certain cardiac procedures have significantly declined compared with prior years [3] [4] [5] . This creates a potentially multiplicative problem if COVID-19 and its etiologic virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), directly or indirectly cause increased cardiac damage while patients with cardiac disease are simultaneously undertreated for pre-existing or de novo illness. In spite of numerous mechanisms that may increase the likelihood or severity of cardiovascular disease in COVID-19, many centers have thus far reported a decline in the number of patients admitted for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, the way in which certain centers approach the diagnosis of ACS or myocardial infarction in COVID-19 patients may have contributed to the decline in the apparent incidence of ischemic heart disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0088 doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0088 id: cord-346606-bsvlr3fk author: Siriwardhana, Yushan title: The role of 5G for digital healthcare against COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges date: 2020-11-04 words: 5230.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346606-bsvlr3fk.txt summary: The novel ICT technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) [2] , Artificial Intelligence (AI) [3] , Big Data, 5G communications, cloud computing and blockchain [4] can play a vital role to facilitate the environment fostering protection and improvement of people and economies. These 5G technologies will enable ubiquitous digital health services combating COVID-19, described in the following section as 5G based healthcare use cases. Other applications would perform regular health monitoring of patients such as followup visits, provide instructions on medical services, and spread knowledge on present COVID-19 situation and upto date precautions. To address the issues in healthcare related supply chains, industries can adopt smart manufacturing techniques equipped with IoT sensor networks, automated production lines which dynamically adapt to the variations in demand, and sophisticated monitoring systems. Hence, solutions developed using 5G technologies serve various health related use cases such as telehealth, supply chain management, self-isolation and contact tracing, and rapid health services deployments. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic caused a massive impact on healthcare, social life, and economies on a global scale. Apparently, technology has a vital role to enable ubiquitous and accessible digital health services in pandemic conditions as well as against “re-emergence” of COVID-19 disease in a post-pandemic era. Accordingly, 5G systems and 5G-enabled e-health solutions are paramount. This paper highlights methodologies to effectively utilize 5G for e-health use cases and its role to enable relevant digital services. It also provides a comprehensive discussion of the implementation issues, possible remedies and future research directions for 5G to alleviate the health challenges related to COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2405959520304744 doi: 10.1016/j.icte.2020.10.002 id: cord-265290-5txhcr7h author: Siso-Almirall, A. title: PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN SPANISH COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CASE SERIES FROM BARCELONA date: 2020-06-20 words: 1891.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265290-5txhcr7h.txt summary: The best predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age, male sex (OR=2.99; 95%CI=1.55 to 6.01), fever (OR=2.18; 95%CI=1.06 to 4.80), dyspnoea (OR=2.22; 95%CI=1.14 to 4.24), low oxygen saturation (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.34 to 6.42), auscultatory alterations (OR=2.21; 95%CI=1.00 to 5.29), heart disease (OR=4.37; 95%CI=1.68 to 11.13), autoimmune disease (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.41 to 11.10), diabetes (OR=4.00; 95%CI=1.89 to 8.36), hypertension (OR=3.92; 95%CI=2.07 to 7.53), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR=3.56; 95%CI=1.70 to 7.96), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR=3.02; 95%CI=1.30 to 7.68), elevated C-reactive protein (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.47 to 5.97), elevated D-dimer (OR=2.66; 95%CI=1.15 to 6.51) and low platelet count (OR=2.41; 95%CI=1.12 to 5.14). Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease. abstract: Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and Setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged [≥] 65 years). The best predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age, male sex (OR=2.99; 95%CI=1.55 to 6.01), fever (OR=2.18; 95%CI=1.06 to 4.80), dyspnoea (OR=2.22; 95%CI=1.14 to 4.24), low oxygen saturation (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.34 to 6.42), auscultatory alterations (OR=2.21; 95%CI=1.00 to 5.29), heart disease (OR=4.37; 95%CI=1.68 to 11.13), autoimmune disease (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.41 to 11.10), diabetes (OR=4.00; 95%CI=1.89 to 8.36), hypertension (OR=3.92; 95%CI=2.07 to 7.53), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR=3.56; 95%CI=1.70 to 7.96), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR=3.02; 95%CI=1.30 to 7.68), elevated C-reactive protein (OR=2.94; 95%CI=1.47 to 5.97), elevated D-dimer (OR=2.66; 95%CI=1.15 to 6.51) and low platelet count (OR=2.41; 95%CI=1.12 to 5.14). Myalgia or artralgia (OR=0.28; 95%CI=0.10 to 0.66), dysgeusia (OR=0.28; 95%CI=0.05 to 0.92) and anosmia (OR=0.23; 95%CI=0.04 to 0.75) were protective factors. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.18.20134510v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134510 id: cord-254667-yafcy8ul author: Sisto, Antonella title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients included in a bariatric surgery program date: 2020-08-28 words: 4655.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254667-yafcy8ul.txt summary: METHODS: Patients were consecutively enrolled during the Italian lockdown among those waiting for bariatric surgery or attending a post-bariatric follow-up, and were asked to complete through an online platform the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 and a self-assessment questionnaire of 22 items evaluating the resilience, change in eating behavior and emotional responses referring to the ongoing pandemic. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic (measured through a questionnaire whose scores were used as independent variable: emotionality domain, resilience domain and eating related) on DASS derived condition of depression, anxiety and stress used as the discrete dependent variable. Regarding the increased snacking, the univariate analysis showed that the three statuses from the DASS questionnaire Table 5 DASS derived depression, anxiety and stress as markers of lifestyle and eating related behavioral characteristic during COVID-19 pandemic in the post-bariatric population Oucomes: three discrete and separately analyzed outcomes from the interview questionnaire were used as dependent variables: increased hunger; increased snacking and increased impulsivity in eating. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has radically impacted the world lifestyle. Epidemics are well-known to cause mental distress, and patients with a current or past history of obesity are at increased risk for the common presence of psychological comorbidities. This study investigates the psychological impact of the current pandemic in patients participating in a bariatric surgery program. METHODS: Patients were consecutively enrolled during the Italian lockdown among those waiting for bariatric surgery or attending a post-bariatric follow-up, and were asked to complete through an online platform the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 and a self-assessment questionnaire of 22 items evaluating the resilience, change in eating behavior and emotional responses referring to the ongoing pandemic. RESULTS: 59% of the 434 enrolled subjects reported of being worried about the pandemic, and 63% specifically reported of being worried about their or their relatives’ health. 37% and 56% felt lonelier and more bored, respectively. 66% was hungrier with increased frequency of snacking (55%) and 39% reported more impulse to eat. Noteworthy, 49% felt unable to follow a recommended diet. No difference in terms of psychological profile was recorded among pre and post-bariatric subjects. Logistic regression analysis on post-bariatric patients showed a relationship between snacking, hunger, eating impulsivity, and anxiety, stress, and/or depression symptoms. CONCLUSION: The pandemic led to increased psychological distress in patients with a current or past history of obesity, reducing quality of life and affecting dietary compliance. Targeted psychological support is warranted in times of increased stress for fragile subjects such as pre- and post-bariatric patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40519-020-00988-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32857287/ doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00988-3 id: cord-329727-h47q76y8 author: Sisó-Almirall, Antoni title: Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona date: 2020-08-21 words: 3441.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329727-h47q76y8.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical, biological and radiological manifestations, the evolution, treatments and mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 infection in the population of Barcelona city and determine the most important predictors of a poor prognosis. Signs and symptoms, the main available haematological and biochemical data and the results of imaging tests were recorded, as were comorbidities, the evolution, the hospitalization rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the treatments received. This study summarizes the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics, evolution and prognostic factors of patients with COVID-19 disease in primary and community healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237960.t002 In bold, statistically significant independent predictive factors associated with hospitalization, death or ICU admission (logistic multivariate regression adjusted for age and sex). abstract: BACKGROUND: In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. AIM: To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. METHOD: Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. RESULTS: We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged ≥ 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822413/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960 id: cord-342636-mmlnm3mz author: Situngkir, H. title: The Pandemics in Artificial Society: Agent-Based Model to Reflect Strategies on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 3579.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342636-mmlnm3mz.txt summary: We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. We can see the micro-social used in the simulations as three parts, i.e.: the internal state of the agents, the mobility in our artificial world, and the spreading of the disease based on the first two properties. When it comes to closing down the public spaces (in the simulation we omit the social attraction points) and encouraging the effective physical distancing measures to the population, the number infection rate is suppressed a little. As we simulated the usage of masks in our agent-based model, the slowing rate of infection does give effect even though it needs time to suppress the number of active cases. Thus from our sets of experiments in the agent-based simulation, some tweaks of interventions due to the pandemic at the micro-level, the emerged macro-level is observed, including some emerged social aspects. abstract: Various social policies and strategies have been deliberated and used within many countries to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of those basic ideas are strongly related to the understanding of human social interactions and the nature of disease transmission and spread. In this paper, we present an agent- based approach to model epidemiological phenomena as well as the interventions upon it. We elaborate on micro-social structures such as social-psychological factors and distributed ruling behaviors to grow an artificial society where the interactions among agents may exhibit the spreading of the virus. Capturing policies and strategies during the pandemic, four types of intervention are also applied in society. Emerged macro-properties of epidemics are delivered from sets of simulations, lead to comparisons between each effectivity of the policy/strategy. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.27.20162511v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20162511 id: cord-284566-u0elncex author: Siu, Henry Yu-Hin title: A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-10-22 words: 4210.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284566-u0elncex.txt summary: title: A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada The top five outbreak preventions measures implemented in respondent LTC homes were: 1) instituting established isolation protocols for respiratory conditions (92.5%, 148/160); 2) active screening of new LTC admissions (90.0%, 144/160); 3) increasing staff education about infection control processes (83.1%, 133/160); 4) active coordination with regional public health officials (83.1%, 133/160); and 5) encouraging sick staff members to take time off work (83.1%, 133/160). We present in this study the results of a systematic survey of Ontario LTC clinicians about the communication, preparedness, and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, our survey reports the widespread implementation of several important interventions in LTC homes during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, actively coordinating with regional public health and encouraging sick staff members to take time of work). abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health emergency that impacts all sectors of healthcare. The negative health outcomes for the COVID-19 infection have been most severe in the frail elderly dwelling in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey of Ontario LTC Clinicians working in LTC homes in Ontario Canada was conducted to provide the clinician perspective on the preparedness and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the Ontario Long-Term Care Clinicians organization (OLTCC) and was distributed between March 30, 2020 to May 25, 2020. All registered members of the OLTCC and Nurse-led LTC Outreach Teams were invited to participate. The primary outcomes were: 1) the descriptive report of the screening measures implemented, communication and information received, and the preparation of the respondent’s LTC home to a potential COVID-19 outbreak; and 2) the level of agreement, as reported using a five-point Likert scale), to COVID-19 preparedness statements for the respondent’s LTC home was also assessed. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 54% (160/294). LTC homes implemented a wide range of important interventions (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, increasing education on infection control processes, encouraging sick staff to take time off, etc). Ample communications pertinent to the pandemic were received from provincial LTC organizations, the government and public health officials. However, the feasibility of implementing public health recommendations, as well as the engagement of the LTC sector in pandemic planning were identified as areas of concern. Medical director status was associated with an increased knowledge of local implementation of interventions to mitigate COVID-19, as well as endorsing increased access to reliable COVID-19 information and resources to manage a potential COVID-19 outbreak in their LTC home. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the communication and implementation of recommendations in the Ontario LTC sector, despite some concerns regarding feasibility. Importantly, LTC clinician respondents clearly indicated that better engagement with LTC leaders is needed to plan a coordinated pandemic response. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12877-020-01828-w. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01828-w doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01828-w id: cord-332983-d28oovm2 author: Siudak, Zbigniew title: Clinical and procedural characteristics of COVID‐19 patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions date: 2020-07-20 words: 1662.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332983-d28oovm2.txt summary: Our aim was to investigate based on the nationwide registry the impact of national lockdown and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the percutaneous treatment of CAD in Poland, as well as to provide a characteristic of COVID-19 positive or suspected patients treated in interventional cardiology centers and their immediate procedural outcomes. Of 163 cardiac catheterization centers in Poland, 12 (7.4%) were indefinitely closed down due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and an addiOf all patients who underwent invasive diagnostic or treatment during 2-month period, 362 (2.6%) were COVID-19 (suspected or confirmed by an approved RT-PCR test). Best to our knowledge, this is one of the first detailed national analysis on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on interventional cardiology procedures as well as the first presentation of baseline characteristics and immediate outcome of over 300 COVID-19 confirmed/suspected patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems worldwide. Resources are being shifted and potentially jeopardize safety of non‐COVID‐19 patients with comorbidities. Our aim was to investigate the impact of national lockdown and SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease in Poland. METHODS: Data on patients who underwent percutaneous coronary procedures (angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) were extracted for March 13–May 13, 2020 from a national PCI database (ORPKI Registry) during the first month of national lockdown and compared with analogous time period in 2019. RESULTS: Of 163 cardiac catheterization centers in Poland, 15 (9.2%) were indefinitely or temporarily closed down due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. There were nine physicians (9 of 544; 1.7%) who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. There were 13,750 interventional cardiology procedures performed in Poland in the analyzed time period. In 66% of cases an acute coronary syndrome was diagnosed, and in the remaining 34% it was an elective procedure for the chronic coronary syndrome in comparison to 50% in 2019 (p < .001). There were 362 patients (2.6% of all) with COVID‐19 confirmed/suspected who were treated in interventional cardiology centers and 145 with ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) diagnosis (6% of all STEMIs). CONCLUSIONS: Due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic there was an absolute reduction in the number of interventional procedures both acute and elective in comparison to 2019 and a significant shift into acute procedures. COVID‐19 confirmed/suspected patients do not differ in terms of procedural and baseline characteristics and reveal similar outcomes when treated with percutaneous coronary interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32686899/ doi: 10.1002/ccd.29134 id: cord-338285-7rrq3o7n author: Sivakumar, Bellie title: COVID-19 and water date: 2020-07-09 words: 2178.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt summary: I point out that our efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 will increase the water demand and worsen the water quality, leading to additional challenges in water planning and management. In view of the impacts of COVID-19 and other global-scale phenomena influencing water resources (e.g., global climate change), I highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers studying water and new strategies to address water issues. Therefore, mitigating or controlling the spread of COVID-19 is highly challenging in these regions, as it necessitates identifying, accessing, and supplying significant quantity of additional water resources all around (not to mention the social-distancing). For instance, use of more water (and also soap and disinfectants) to wash one''s hands to control the spread of COVID-19 will increase the quantity of wastewater, with perhaps even poorer quality, coming from homes, workplaces, and other public places. abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease, called COVID-19, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since it was first identified in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to almost all countries and territories and caused over 310,000 deaths, as on May 16, 2020. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are now seen in almost every sector of our society. In this article, I discuss the impacts of COVID-19 on the water sector. I point out that our efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 will increase the water demand and worsen the water quality, leading to additional challenges in water planning and management. In view of the impacts of COVID-19 and other global-scale phenomena influencing water resources (e.g., global climate change), I highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaborations among researchers studying water and new strategies to address water issues. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01837-6 doi: 10.1007/s00477-020-01837-6 id: cord-263628-ac9gld5l author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan date: 2020-10-20 words: 3487.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263628-ac9gld5l.txt summary: The ProPac-COVID trial evaluates whether combination therapy with macrolide azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy, and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalization duration and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit, and death in patients with acute hospital admission and a positive test for 2019-nCoV and symptoms of COVID-19 disease. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded multi-center trial is to investigate whether 15-day treatment with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine added to standard of care can shorten hospitalization and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, admittance to ICU, and death. The interim analysis will focus on reporting the following: selected baseline data (those readily available from the baseline data list below), primary outcome (in an O'' Brien-Fleming Plot), and all-cause mortality at 30 days (chi-square or Fisher''s exact test, whichever appropriate). abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for treatments that can shorten hospitalization and lower the risk of secondary infection and death in patients with corona disease. The ProPac-COVID trial evaluates whether combination therapy with macrolide azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy, and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalization duration and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit, and death in patients with acute hospital admission and a positive test for 2019-nCoV and symptoms of COVID-19 disease. METHODS: The ProPAC-COVID is a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. The primary outcome is number of days spent alive and out of hospital within 14 days from randomization. Randomization will be in blocks of unknown size, and the final allocation will be stratified for age, site of recruitment, and whether the patient has any chronic lung diseases. Data is analyzed using intention-to-treat (ITT) principles, and main analyses will also be subject to modified ITT analysis and per protocol analysis. DISCUSSION: This paper describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the evaluation of primary and secondary endpoints of the ProPAC-COVID study. Enrolment of patients to the ProPAC-COVID study is still ongoing. The purpose of this paper is to provide primary publication of study results to prevent selective reporting of outcomes, data-driven analysis, and to increase transparency. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04322396. Registered on 26 March 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04795-0 doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04795-0 id: cord-331487-jh34klbg author: Sivapalan, Pradeesh title: Proactive Prophylaxis With Azithromycin and HydroxyChloroquine in Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-06-10 words: 6399.0 sentences: 428.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331487-jh34klbg.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of noninvasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this randomised GCP-controlled trial is to clarify whether combination therapy with the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalisation duration for patients with COVID-19 (measured as "days alive and out of hospital" as the primary outcome), reduce the risk of non- invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit and death. TRIAL DESIGN: This is a multi-centre, randomised, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm ratio 1:1, parallel group double-blind study. PARTICIPANTS: 226 participants are recruited at the trial sites/hospitals, where the study will take place in Denmark: Aalborg, Bispebjerg, Gentofte, Herlev, Hillerød, Hvidovre, Odense and Slagelse hospitals. Inclusion criteria: • Patient admitted to Danish emergency departments, respiratory medicine departments or internal medicine departments • Age≥ 18 years • Hospitalized ≤48 hours • Positive COVID-19 test / diagnosis during the hospitalization (confirmed). • Men or non-fertile women. Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). • Myasthenia gravis • Treatment with digoxin* • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency • Porphyria • Hypoglycaemia (Blood glucose at any time since hospitalization of <3.0 mmol/L) • Severe mental illness which significantly impedes cooperation • Severe linguistic problems that significantly hinder cooperation • Treatment with ergot alkaloids *The patient must not be treated with digoxin for the duration of the intervention. For atrial fibrillation/flutter, select according to the Cardiovascular National Treatment Guide (NBV): Calcium antagonist, Beta blocker, direct current (DC) conversion or amiodarone. In case of urgent need for digoxin treatment (contraindication for the aforementioned equal alternatives), the test drug should be paused, and ECG should be taken daily. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Control group: The control group will receive the standard treatment + placebo for both types of intervention medication at all times. If part or all the intervention therapy being investigated becomes standard treatment during the study, this may also be offered to the control group. Intervention group: The patients in the intervention group will also receive standard care. Immediately after randomisation to the intervention group, the patient will begin treatment with: Azithromycin: Day 1-3: 500 mg x 1 Day 4-15: 250 mg x 1 If the patient is unable to take the medication orally by themselves, the medication will, if possible, be administered by either stomach-feeding tube, or alternatively, temporary be changed to clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 (this only in agreement with either study coordinator Pradeesh Sivapalan or principal investigator Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen). This will also be done in the control group if necessary. The patient will switch back to azithromycin when possible. Hydroxychloroquine: Furthermore, the patient will be treated with hydroxychloroquine as follows: Day 1-15: 200 mg x 2 MAIN OUTCOMES: • Number of days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (summarises both whether the patient is alive and discharged from hospital) ("Days alive and out of hospital") RANDOMISATION: The sponsor (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Trial Network, COP:TRIN) generates a randomisation sequence. Randomisation will be in blocks of unknown size and the final allocation will be via an encrypted website (REDCap). There will be stratification for age (>70 years vs. <=70 years), site of recruitment and whether the patient has any of the following chronic lung diseases: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease (Yes vs. No). BLINDING (MASKING): Participants and study personnel will both be blinded, i.e. neither will know which group the participant is allocated to. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This study requires 226 patients randomised 1:1 with 113 in each group. TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version 1.8, from April 16, 2020. Recruitment is ongoing (first patient recruited April 6, 2020; final patient expected to be recruited October 31, 2020). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322396 (registered March 26, 2020) FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. The study protocol has been reported in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Clinical Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines (Additional file 2). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522282/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04409-9 id: cord-306421-r8wzvpn5 author: Sizoo, Eefje M. title: Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians date: 2020-10-23 words: 3777.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306421-r8wzvpn5.txt summary: title: Dilemmas with restrictive visiting policies in Dutch nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of an open-ended questionnaire with elderly care physicians Objectives To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, a nationwide restriction for all visitors of residents of long-term care facilities including nursing homes (NHs) was established in the Netherlands. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) The need for balancing safety for all through infection prevention measures versus quality of life of the individual residents and their loved ones; (2) The challenge of assessing the dying phase and how the allowed exception to the strict visitor restriction in the dying phase could be implemented; (3) The profound emotional impact on ECPs; (4) Many alternatives for visits highlight the wish to compensate for the absence of face to face contact opportunities. Conclusions and Implications ECPs reported that the restrictive visitor policy deeply impacts NHs residents, their loved ones and care professionals. abstract: Objectives To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, a nationwide restriction for all visitors of residents of long-term care facilities including nursing homes (NHs) was established in the Netherlands. The aim of this study was an exploration of dilemmas experienced by Elderly Care Physicians (ECPs) as a result of the COVID-19 driven restrictive visiting policy. Setting and Participants ECPs working in Dutch NHs. Methods A qualitative exploratory study was performed using an open-ended questionnaire. A thematic analysis was applied. Data was collected between April 17 and May 10, 2020. Results Seventy-six ECPs answered the questionnaire describing a total of 114 cases in which they experienced a dilemma. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) The need for balancing safety for all through infection prevention measures versus quality of life of the individual residents and their loved ones; (2) The challenge of assessing the dying phase and how the allowed exception to the strict visitor restriction in the dying phase could be implemented; (3) The profound emotional impact on ECPs; (4) Many alternatives for visits highlight the wish to compensate for the absence of face to face contact opportunities. However, given the diversity of NH residents, alternatives were often only suitable for some of them. Conclusions and Implications ECPs reported that the restrictive visitor policy deeply impacts NHs residents, their loved ones and care professionals. The dilemmas encountered as a result of the policy highlight the wish by ECPs to offer solutions tailored to the individual residents. We identified an overview of aspects to consider when drafting future visiting policies for NHs during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861020308999?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.024 id: cord-337681-579cz2tc author: Sk, Md Fulbabu title: Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations date: 2020-06-01 words: 5882.0 sentences: 340.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337681-579cz2tc.txt summary: title: Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely α-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro) or 3CL(pro)) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The initial coordinates for our molecular dynamics simulations were obtained from the X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro complexed with the inhibitors a-ketoamide (PDB: 6Y2G) and Z31792168 (PDB: 5R84) (Berman et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2020) . Next, in our study, the binding affinity of a-ketoamide was further evaluated and compared with the FDA approved anti-HIV protease inhibitors, such as lopinavir and darunavir, which has been reported as potent drugs against 3CL pro of SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The recent outbreak of novel “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely α-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M(pro) or 3CL(pro)) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the total binding free energy (ΔG(bind)) of both inhibitors and further decomposed ΔG(bind) into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Our calculations reveal that α-ketoamide is more potent (ΔG(bind)= − 9.05 kcal/mol) compared to Z31792168 (ΔG(bind)= − 3.25 kcal/mol) against COVID-19 3CL(pro). The increase in ΔG(bind) for α-ketoamide relative to Z31792168 arises due to an increase in the favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions between the inhibitor and 3CL(pro). Further, we have identified important residues controlling the 3CL(pro)-ligand binding from per-residue based decomposition of the binding free energy. Finally, we have compared ΔG(bind) of these two inhibitors with the anti-HIV retroviral drugs, such as lopinavir and darunavir. It is observed that α-ketoamide is more potent compared to lopinavir and darunavir. In the case of lopinavir, a decrease in van der Waals interactions is responsible for the lower binding affinity compared to α-ketoamide. On the other hand, in the case of darunavir, a decrease in the favorable intermolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interactions contributes to lower affinity compared to α-ketoamide. Our study might help in designing rational anti-coronaviral drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32396767/ doi: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1768149 id: cord-271603-zy4l9vtf author: Skali, Hicham title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI date: 2020-10-17 words: 3726.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271603-zy4l9vtf.txt summary: title: Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI • For SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging studies in inpatients who are not eligible for stress only testing, consider performing the rest injection in the patient''s inpatient room, to avoid completely or minimize waiting time in the laboratory. The nuclear cardiology laboratory''s protocols and patient scheduling templates will need to be closely monitored and refined multiple times over the coming months as the COVID-19 pandemic slowly recedes, with potential for local or widespread waves of new COVID-19 infections. • Providers and institutions should monitor local data and follow national, state, and department of public health recommendations for possible second COVID-19 waves that may require decreasing nuclear cardiology laboratory activities and enhanced protective measures. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709732/ doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251355 id: cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author: Skevaki, Chrysanthi title: Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-21 words: 3073.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt summary: Furthermore, another study of 140 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, demonstrated significantly higher leukocyte counts among those with severe COVID-19 disease, compared to patients with milder infection (p=0.003) 3 . Absolute lymphopenia is commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but pronounced lymphocyte depletion is a cardinal marker of enhanced disease severity and an indicator of imminent death, that has been consistently depicted by almost all currently published reports, coming mainly from China 1-7 . A retrospective Chinese study reported that NLR, along with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, could be used as a simple discriminative tool for severity between COVID-19 patients, and further predict the clinical outcome of these patients 14 . Current data support that critically ill patients as well as fatal cases of COVID-19 have significantly higher LDH levels (usually >320 U/L) compared to moderate infections 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 16 . abstract: A subgroup of COVID-19 patients develop very severe disease with requirement for ICU treatment, ventilation, and ECMO therapy. Laboratory tests indicate that the immune and clotting system show marked alterations with hyper-activation, hyper-inflammation, cytokine storm development. Furthermore, organ-specific biomarkers demonstrate the involvement of cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver dysfunction in many patients. In this article the use of laboratory biomarkers is discussed with regard to their use for diagnosis, disease progression, and risk assessment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039 id: cord-327504-4kf9mgy8 author: Sklar, David P. title: COVID-19: Lessons From the Disaster That Can Improve Health Professions Education date: 2020-06-22 words: 2926.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327504-4kf9mgy8.txt summary: In this Invited Commentary, I describe some characteristics of 3 earlier disasters, discuss some of the changes in medical education and health care that the COVID-19 pandemic has starkly revealed are needed, and explain what Academic Medicine can offer in such a confusing time, when unexpected events have thrown our plans off course, replacing them with new crises that demand our attention on a daily basis while every media outlet is competing for the newest health information. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. abstract: COVID-19 has disrupted every aspect of the U.S. health care and health professions education systems, creating anxiety, suffering, and chaos and exposing many of the flaws in the nation’s public health, medical education, and political systems. The pandemic has starkly revealed the need for a better public health infrastructure and a health system with incentives for population health and prevention of disease as well as outstanding personalized curative health. It has also provided opportunities for innovations in health care and has inspired courageous actions of residents, who have responded to the needs of their patients despite risk to themselves. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. He encourages health professions educators to use the experiences of this pandemic to reexamine the current curricular emphasis on the bioscientific model of health and to broaden the educational approach to incorporate the behavioral, social, and environmental factors that influence health. Surveillance for disease, investment in disease and injury prevention, and disaster planning should be basic elements of health professions education. Incorporating innovations such as telemedicine, used under duress during the pandemic, could alter educational and clinical approaches to create something better for students, residents, and patients. He explains that journals such as Academic Medicine can provide rapid, curated, expert advice that can be an important counterweight to the misinformation that circulates during disasters. Such journals can also inform their readers about new training in skills needed to mitigate the ongoing effects of the disaster and prepare the workforce for future disasters. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003547 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003547 id: cord-252343-a85wz2hs author: Skoda, Eva-Maria title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 words: 2912.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt summary: In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. In this study, nHPs reported overall higher levels of psychological burden than the HPs, which is particularly pronounced in generalized anxiety and depression scores. In the investigated sample, nursing staff seems to be the most vulnerable group for mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas a high subjective level of information seems to be associated with less psychological burden. abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals (HPs) are the key figures to keep up the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are one of the most vulnerable groups in this. To this point, the extent of this psychological burden, especially in Europe and Germany, remains unclear. This is the first study investigating German HPs after the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: We performed an online-based cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany (10–31 March 2020). In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. Subjective levels of information regarding COVID-19 correlated negatively with generalized anxiety levels across all groups. Among HPs, nursing staff showed the highest and paramedics the lowest generalized anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of COVID-19, German HPs seem to be less psychological burdened than nHPs, and also less burdened compared with existing international data. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 id: cord-260279-igra1q3j author: Slanetz, Priscilla J. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education—Strategies for Survival date: 2020-04-23 words: 1458.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260279-igra1q3j.txt summary: Although the priority is on providing timely and high-quality imaging to patients, especially those infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is still a need to maintain our educational mission. Accrediting and certifying bodies, including the ABR, ACGME, FDA, and NRC Q7 , recognize the impact of this pandemic on trainees'' education, and specific allowances may be granted for those residents impacted by COVID-19. Faculty can also share interesting cases and provide trainees with a list of teaching cases to review at their convenience. Virtual meetings preserve dedicated teaching conferences for both trainees and medical students, facilitate ongoing workstation feedback to residents, and bring the community together in this era of social distancing. For residency programs and trainees, although there remains some uncertainty around how to best meet expected case logs and rotation requirements, we must all remain adaptable, embrace innovation, and continue to add value to patient care. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1546144020303719 doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.034 id: cord-275142-40rf3ugf author: Slater, Sandy J. title: Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics date: 2020-07-09 words: 2352.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275142-40rf3ugf.txt summary: title: Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics Yet public health entities, such as the American Public Health Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have stressed the importance of staying physically active while sheltering in place during COVID-19, which includes visiting parks and green space (5) . With the closure of schools, fitness facilities, and other community places for recreation, local streets, parks, trails, and open green spaces are the only places available for physical activity outside of the home environment (6) . If park, trail, and playground patrons remain appropriately physically distant, do not engage in lengthy conversations with nonhousehold members, and wear a protective face mask, their risk of contracting COVID-19 by exercising outdoors is low, making parks and green spaces safe places to be physically active during a pandemic (9) . abstract: The importance of engaging in any type of physical activity regularly, for both physical and mental health, is well established, and may be particularly beneficial in protecting the body and limiting the damage caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Exposure to nature or green space also has positive physical and mental health benefits. Closures of parks and green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic has limited the options for physical activity and may affect vulnerable populations more than others. We provide both short-term and long-term recommendations to encourage access to green space for people while allowing for physical distancing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32644919/ doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200204 id: cord-262631-xslc6olc author: Slim, K title: La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collatérale de la crise du Covid-19? date: 2020-04-06 words: 461.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262631-xslc6olc.txt summary: Cependant, on peut aisément imaginer, sous la pression de l''énorme activité liée à l''épidémie au Covid-19, la restriction de l''accés aux salles d''opération, ou le déploiement du personnel, la tentation d''extrapoler cette recommandation à des cas limites d''appendicites (diamètre juste au-dessus de la limite, doute sur un épanchement péritonéal, etc.) qui auraient théoriquement dû être opérées en urgence. De la même manière, on peut être tenté de traiter médicalement une cholécystite aiguë non compliquée afin de différer l''acte opératoire après la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 ou d''opter pour la mise en place d''une endoprothèse devant une tumeur colique occlusive plutôt que de l''opérer d''emblée. La réponse devrait être non, il ne faudrait pas qu''une mauvaise gestion des urgences chirurgicales soit une victime collatérale de la crise sanitaire du Covid-19. En tous les cas, il ne faut surtout pas que l''on dégrade la qualité de nos pratiques chirurgicales du fait de l''urgence sanitaire liée au Covid-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32292533/ doi: 10.1016/j.jchirv.2020.04.001 id: cord-355256-7ksbvisv author: Sloane, Philip D. title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ‘Wicked Problem” with Breakthrough Solutions? date: 2020-04-30 words: 2729.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355256-7ksbvisv.txt summary: title: Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A ''Wicked Problem" with Breakthrough Solutions? Each has health care regulations that, while extensive, could not possibly have fully prepared them for COVID-19; instead, in the face of an impending outbreak, rapid, nimble responses were needed, and these have proven hard to initiate and coordinate in all three settings. Nursing homes have been known for years to be an especially hazardous component of the health care system, with high rates of multidrug resistance and multiple problems around infectious disease prevention. 32 The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a wicked problem for the cruise ship industry, the prison system, and the nursing home industry. However, by virtue of having worked in post-acute and long-term care for over 40 years, I feel prepared to highlight a few issues that need priority attention: physical plant limitations, chronic staffing problems, poor infection control, and limited health care capacity. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1525861020303509 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.020 id: cord-329482-haenltxn author: Small, Eusebius title: Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic date: 2020-05-25 words: 1581.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329482-haenltxn.txt summary: According to the World Bank, almost 24 million fewer people will escape poverty in East Asia and the Pacific because of the financial impact of COVID-19 in 2020 [9] . Among the LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, COVID-19 could push these countries farther into a spiral of poverty, ravaging their already tenuous health systems [2, 5] . During the HIV outbreak, a significant limited reproductive health care and family planning services were available to women. According to the United Nations, an unrelated crisis impacting women worldwide are the spikes in domestic violence due to COVID-19 lockdowns [7] . Additionally, women who are transgender and are living with HIV are disproportionately impacted by intimate partner violence [24] , stay at home COVID-19 orders could exacerbate their wellbeing. A pandemic of the poor: social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic Gender-Based Violence Increases Risk of HIV/AIDS for Women in Sub-Saharan Africa -Population Reference Bureau abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32451937/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02932-z id: cord-354204-23xkug85 author: Smargiassi, Andrea title: Lung ultrasonography for early management of patients with respiratory symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-07 words: 3444.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354204-23xkug85.txt summary: LUS could be useful in determining early lung involvement suggestive or not of COVID-19 pneumonia and potentially plays a role in managing decisions for hospitalization in isolation or admission in general ward. In order to face pandemic, in a period in which a large number of emergency room accesses with suspicious symptoms are expected, physicians need a standardized ultrasonographic approach, fast educational processes in order to be able to recognize both suggestive and not suggestive echographic signs and shared algorithms for LUS role in early management of patients. Therefore, LUS could be useful, being performed during diagnostic processes, in determining early lung involvement and potentially playing a role in managing decisions both intercepting cases of suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and suggesting alternative diagnosis. Therefore, if LUS findings are suggestive of patchy bilateral SIS with or without small bilateral patchy subpleural consolidations in a symptomatic context compatible with COVID-19, patients must keep isolation waiting for results of microbiological tests (both nasal/throat swab and rapid serologic tests). abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is representing a serious challenge to worldwide public health. Lung Ultrasonography (LUS) has been signaled as a potential useful tool in this pandemic contest either to intercept viral pneumonia or to foster alternative paths. LUS could be useful in determining early lung involvement suggestive or not of COVID-19 pneumonia and potentially plays a role in managing decisions for hospitalization in isolation or admission in general ward. In order to face pandemic, in a period in which a large number of emergency room accesses with suspicious symptoms are expected, physicians need a standardized ultrasonographic approach, fast educational processes in order to be able to recognize both suggestive and not suggestive echographic signs and shared algorithms for LUS role in early management of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00501-7 doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00501-7 id: cord-033196-e2cejj95 author: Smart, Neil title: Colorectal Surgery in the time of Covid 19 date: 2020-09-23 words: 912.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033196-e2cejj95.txt summary: Set against this backdrop, patients with colorectal conditions both benign and malignant continue to have health needs that must be met in a timely fashion or they face becoming collateral damage in health systems that were never designed to function on a crisis setting for longer than a few months. Estimates for NHS England include increased deaths from colorectal cancer of 15-16% due to the Covid 19 pandemic [4] . We will have to adapt to its presence within our communities and implement systems and processes within our health services that allow patients with colorectal problems to receive the care and surgery they require. The challenges for colorectal services that are this generation''s to solve in the most inclement of circumstances are likely to provide real dividends for our patients in the long-term. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536953/ doi: 10.1111/codi.15299 id: cord-309864-yzb3si3w author: Smeda, Marta title: Endothelial barrier integrity in COVID-19-dependent hyperinflammation: does the protective facet of platelet function matter? date: 2020-08-01 words: 1583.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 25.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309864-yzb3si3w.txt summary: 5 Here we suggest that the severity of COVID-19, increasing with patient age and/or the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, might also be associated with the impairment of platelet-dependent mechanisms preserving the integrity of the endothelial barrier. Indeed, platelet-dependent endothelium-protective mechanisms play an important role in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, 6 and might safeguard the endothelial barrier of the pulmonary microcirculation alongside COVID-19-induced hyperinflammation. Based on the evidence supporting platelet-dependent mechanisms protecting endothelial barrier integrity in inflammation, it is tempting to speculate that increased microcirculation permeability associated with thrombocytopenia or prolonged use of antiplatelet agents and preexistising endothelial dysfunction of cardiovascular diseases may contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19-related ARDS. Therefore, it is fundamental to better understand how to dissociate the prothrombotic/proinflammatory mechanisms of platelets from those that protect against vascular leakage so as to be able to strengthen the latter pharmacologically to safeguard the endothelial barrier in the pulmonary microcirculation in patients with acute inflammation at high risk of a severe course of COVID-19 disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa190 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa190 id: cord-298640-zwg8ueyb author: Smereka, Jacek title: The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era date: 2020-04-15 words: 800.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298640-zwg8ueyb.txt summary: The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era American Journal of Emergency Medicine xxx (xxxx) xxx YAJEM-158899; No of Pages 2 At present, it is recommended to apply various types of equipment, including, in particular, partial protection of the environment through the use of surgical masks or ordinary face masks by persons with confirmed or potential SARS-CoV-2 infection; this may reduce the risk of infecting people in the environment, including medical personnel [3, 7] . At present, performing a number of procedures in emergency medicine is associated with additional problems and risks for medical personnel. Emergency physicians, anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists, as well as the relevant scientific societies issue recommendations concerning endotracheal intubation or other procedures dangerous for the medical personnel [1, 2] . COVID 19 a challenge for emergency medicine and every health care professional abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32305157/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.028 id: cord-272537-ivqmw0dy author: Smilowitz, Nathaniel R. title: Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Viral Respiratory Infections versus COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 words: 847.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272537-ivqmw0dy.txt summary: authors: Smilowitz, Nathaniel R.; Subashchandran, Varun; Yuriditsky, Eugene; Horowitz, James M.; Reynolds, Harmony R.; Hochman, Judith S.; Berger, Jeffrey S. We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses compared to COVID-19. SHORT ABSTRACT: We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses nationwide from 2012 to 2014 and compared this to the incidence among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a large health system in New York. Non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness was complicated by acute MI in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. Thrombotic risks associated with non-COVID-19 viral pneumonias were similar to the 5.9% incidence previously reported in 119 patients with H1N1 Influenza A.(3) Our analyses is limited by the use of administrative data, which may be subject to reporting bias and coding errors. abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombosis is a prominent feature of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of thrombosis during hospitalization for non-COVID-19 viral respiratory infections is uncertain. We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses compared to COVID-19. METHODS: Adults age >18 years hospitalized with a non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness between 2002-2014 were identified. The primary study outcome was a composite of venous and arterial thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI), acute ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism, as defined by ICD-9 codes. The incidence of thrombosis in non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illnesses was compared to the recently published incidence of thrombosis in COVID-19 from 3,334 patients hospitalized in New York in 2020. RESULTS: Among 954,521 hospitalizations with viral pneumonia from 2002 to 2014 (mean age 62.3 years, 57.1% female), the combined incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis was 5.0%. Acute MI occurred in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. Patients with thrombosis had higher in-hospital mortality (14.9% vs. 3.3%, p<0.001) than those without thrombosis. The proportion of hospitalizations complicated by thrombosis was lower in patients with viral respiratory illness in 2002-2014 than in COVID-19 (median age 64; 39.6% female) in 2020 (5% vs. 16%; p<0.001) CONCLUSION: In a nationwide analysis of hospitalizations for viral pneumonias, thrombosis risk was lower than that observed in patients with COVID-19. Investigations into mechanisms of thrombosis and risk reduction strategies in COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections are necessary. SHORT ABSTRACT: We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses nationwide from 2012 to 2014 and compared this to the incidence among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a large health system in New York. Non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness was complicated by acute MI in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. The proportion of hospitalizations complicated by thrombosis was lower in patients with viral respiratory illness in 2002-2014 than in COVID-19 (5% vs. 16%; p<0.001). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33181067/ doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.075 id: cord-355318-qm79gz8w author: Smit, Albertus J. title: Winter Is Coming: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective of the Environmental Drivers of SARS-CoV-2 and the Potential Seasonality of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 words: 15419.0 sentences: 706.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355318-qm79gz8w.txt summary: Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Thus, if climate factors do play a role in COVID-19 infection rates, the concurrence of transition of southern hemisphere countries to their winter season with the mid-stages of the disease transmission trajectory is of concern, especially with respect to containment policy and health system resource allocation. Environmental variables considered in preprint and peer-reviewed publications as modulators of SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates include mean, minimum and/or maximum daily temperature, and diurnal temperature range; an undefined ''humidity'' variable, relative humidity, specific humidity and absolute humidity; dew point temperature; rainfall; wind speed or wind power; air pressure; some metric of solar or UV radiation; and ''air quality'' (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2 ). The general prevalence of climatologically-coupled seasonal signals and environmental variable modulation seen in the majority of other viral respiratory diseases creates the expectation for a similar effect on SARS-CoV-2 and in COVID-19 epidemiology. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in humans were first reported in December 2019, the boreal winter. The resulting COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020. By July 2020, COVID-19 was present in 213 countries and territories, with over 12 million confirmed cases and over half a million attributed deaths. Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. Many studies on the environmental sensitivity of COVID-19 are appearing online, and some have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Initially, these studies raised the hypothesis that climatic conditions would subdue the viral transmission rate in places entering the boreal summer, and that southern hemisphere countries would experience enhanced disease spread. For the latter, the COVID-19 peak would coincide with the peak of the influenza season, increasing misdiagnosis and placing an additional burden on health systems. In this review, we assess the evidence that environmental drivers are a significant factor in the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, globally and regionally. We critically assessed 42 peer-reviewed and 80 preprint publications that met qualifying criteria. Since the disease has been prevalent for only half a year in the northern, and one-quarter of a year in the southern hemisphere, datasets capturing a full seasonal cycle in one locality are not yet available. Analyses based on space-for-time substitutions, i.e., using data from climatically distinct locations as a surrogate for seasonal progression, have been inconclusive. The reported studies present a strong northern bias. Socio-economic conditions peculiar to the ‘Global South’ have been omitted as confounding variables, thereby weakening evidence of environmental signals. We explore why research to date has failed to show convincing evidence for environmental modulation of COVID-19, and discuss directions for future research. We conclude that the evidence thus far suggests a weak modulation effect, currently overwhelmed by the scale and rate of the spread of COVID-19. Seasonally modulated transmission, if it exists, will be more evident in 2021 and subsequent years. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165634 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165634 id: cord-346345-jc9bq0zu author: Smith, Colin M title: COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder date: 2020-08-11 words: 2601.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346345-jc9bq0zu.txt summary: This is the first case of COVID-19associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals. This is the first case of COVID-19associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals. Here, we report a case of symptomatic COVID-19-related psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of mental illness and briefly discuss the relevant literature on coronavirus-associated psychosis. 8 However, all patients were incidentally found to have positive SARS-CoV-2 test and did not present with other symptoms to suggest infection, calling into question whether the diagnosis of COVID-19 was related to the psychosis. abstract: A 36-year-old previously healthy woman with no personal or family history of mental illness presented with new-onset psychosis after a diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19. Her psychotic symptoms initially improved with antipsychotics and benzodiazepines and further improved with resolution of COVID-19 symptoms. This is the first case of COVID-19-associated psychosis in a patient with no personal or family history of a severe mood or psychotic disorder presenting with symptomatic COVID-19, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring of neuropsychiatric symptoms in these individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784244/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236940 id: cord-034689-se1hdn61 author: Smith, David L. title: A Characteristic Chest Radiographic Pattern in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-03 words: 2913.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034689-se1hdn61.txt summary: CONCLUSION: The presence of patchy and/or confluent, bandlike ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis. The characteristic COVID-19 pattern ( Fig. 2-4) was defined in accordance with the prevailingly accepted chest imaging findings of COVID-19 in recent literature [2, 12, 20, 24, 25, [27] [28] [29] including the presence of bilateral "patchy" or "confluent, bandlike" ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution. The presence of bilateral "patchy" and/or "confluent, bandlike" ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis, especially when rapid and reliable serologic testing is lacking. abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with chest CT, there is a relative paucity of data regarding the role of the chest radiograph (CXR) in the diagnosis of COVID-19. PURPOSE: To determine the utility of CXR in aiding clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, utilizing RT-PCR as the standard of comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of persons under investigation (PUIs) for COVID-19 presenting to our institution during the exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in New Orleans, USA (March 13 – 25, 2020). 376 in-hospital CXR exams for 366 individual patients were reviewed along with concurrent RT-PCR tests. Two experienced radiologists categorized each CXR as characteristic, nonspecific, or negative in appearance for COVID-19, utilizing well-documented COVID-19 imaging patterns. CXR categorization was compared against RT-PCR results to determine the utility of CXR in diagnosing COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 178/366 male (49%) and 188/366 female (51%) patients with a mean age of 52.7 years (range 17 to 98 years). 37/376 CXR exams (10%) exhibited the characteristic COVID-19 appearance; 215/376 (57%) exhibited the nonspecific appearance; and 124/376 (33%) were considered negative for a pulmonary abnormality. Of the 376 RT-PCR tests evaluated, 200/376 (53%) were positive and 176/376 (47%) were negative. RT-PCR tests took an average of 2.5 ± 0.7 days to result. Sensitivity and specificity for correctly identifying COVID-19 with a characteristic CXR pattern were 15.5% (31/200) and 96.6% (170/176), with PPV and NPV 83.8% (31/37) and 50.1% (170/339), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of patchy and/or confluent, bandlike ground glass opacity or consolidation in a peripheral and mid-to-lower lung zone distribution on a chest radiograph obtained in the setting of pandemic COVID-19 is highly suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to make a diagnosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605076/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200280 id: cord-267397-b7ogeokm author: Smith, E. R. title: Protocol for a Sequential, Prospective Meta-Analysis to Describe COVID-19 in Pregnancy and Newborn Periods date: 2020-11-12 words: 5612.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267397-b7ogeokm.txt summary: Given the scarcity of COVID data in pregnancy, differences in data collection protocols globally, and potential risks for severe illnesses in this population, there is an urgent need to rapidly generate high quality information to make evidence-based decisions and create guidelines on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 illness in pregnant women and infants. We updated the data modules in September 2020 to reflect evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns and to reflect and an updated generic protocol developed by WHO for COVID-related pregnancy cohort studies (Supplementary File 3) . Studies will be eligible to contribute data to the PMA when they have accrued at least 25 confirmed cases with completed follow up including obtaining maternal and neonatal outcomes. Given the current state of limited, high-quality evidence to inform public health guidance and healthcare strategies for pregnant women and newborn, the proposed study will contribute timely and necessary evidence-based data for decision-making in the context of COVID-19 and maternal and neonatal health. abstract: Background. We urgently need answers to basic epidemiological questions regarding COVID-19 infection in pregnant women and newborns. While many national registries, health facilities, and research groups are collecting relevant data, we need a collaborative and methodologically appropriate approach to utilize these data to generate answers. Methods. We propose that a sequential, prospective meta-analysis (PMA) is the best approach to rapidly generate policy and practice-oriented guidelines. As the pandemic is rapidly evolving, studies identified retrospectively through a living systematic review will also be invited to participate. The primary analysis will pool data using a two-stage meta-analysis with generic inverse-variance methods. The meta-analyses will be updated as additional data accrues in each contributing study and as additional studies meet study-specific time or data accrual thresholds for sharing. Participating Studies. At the time of publication, there are 19 studies being conducted in 21 countries that prospectively agreed to pool data for this analysis. Among the 19 included studies, ten are COVID-19 registry studies, seven are cohort or surveillance studies, and two are case-control studies. More than 74,000 pregnant women are expected to contribute to the completed analysis. Dissemination: Protocols and updates will be maintained publicly. Results will be shared with key stakeholders including the World Health Organization (WHO) Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health (MNCAH) Research Working Group. Scientific publications will be published in open access journals on an ongoing basis. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.08.20228056 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20228056 id: cord-328220-toeq4xq0 author: Smith, Kelly title: Practical Considerations in Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-06 words: 3207.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328220-toeq4xq0.txt summary: Areas of management requiring clinical equipoise include agent selection and dosing, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy during hospital admission, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Practical guidance on anticoagulation considerations and dosing suggestions are provided to assist clinicians faced with challenging anticoagulation-related situations in caring for hospitalized COVID patients until formal evidence-based guidelines become available. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Areas of current clinical uncertainty include dose and agent of choice, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy while admitted, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. Upon review of the available evidence, we believe that clinicians may wish to consider a 3-tiered approach to stratifying anticoagulation intensity ( Figure 1 ), with consideration of the aforementioned factors to guide and assist in decision making. A patient may be categorized into tier II based on acuity and/or VTE risk factors (eg, a patient who is on a general medical floor but clinically deteriorating, with an upward trend in inflammatory marker and/or D-dimer levels). abstract: PURPOSE: There are increasing reports in the literature of high rates of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of these abnormalities is continually evolving, but these conditions may pose a risk to COVID-19 patients beyond the risk typically seen in critically ill patients. SUMMARY: There are currently no widely accepted evidence-based guidelines regarding specifics related to treatment and prevention of COVID-19–related coagulopathies. Areas of management requiring clinical equipoise include agent selection and dosing, continuation vs interruption of home oral anticoagulant therapy during hospital admission, and postdischarge VTE prophylaxis. Clinicians may wish to consider use of a stratified, 3-tiered approach of low-intensity anticoagulation, intermediate-intensity anticoagulation, and therapeutic-dose anticoagulation. Patients can be categorized by tier depending on their risk factors for VTE, acuity of illness, and laboratory values such as D-dimer level. CONCLUSION: Practical guidance on anticoagulation considerations and dosing suggestions are provided to assist clinicians faced with challenging anticoagulation-related situations in caring for hospitalized COVID patients until formal evidence-based guidelines become available. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa245 doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa245 id: cord-280372-u56ydlve author: Smith, L. E. title: The impact of believing you have had COVID-19 on behaviour: Cross-sectional survey date: 2020-05-05 words: 4353.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280372-u56ydlve.txt summary: Main outcome measures: Perceived immunity to COVID-19, self-reported adherence to social distancing measures (going out for essential shopping, nonessential shopping, and meeting up with friends/family; total out-of-home activity), worry about COVID-19 and perceived risk of COVID-19 to oneself and people in the UK. People who believed that they had had COVID-19 were: more likely to agree that they had some immunity to COVID-19; less likely to report adhering to social distancing measures; less worried about COVID-19; and less likely to know that cough and high temperature / fever are two of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. (3) People who believe they have had COVID-19 may be more likely to think they are completely immune, stop engaging in protective behaviours such as handwashing and reduce their social distancing measures. We found that people who thought they had had COVID-19 were more likely to think that they had some immunity to the virus and were less likely to adhere to social distancing measures. abstract: Objectives: To investigate whether people who think they have had COVID-19 are less likely to engage in social distancing measures compared with those who think they have not had COVID-19. Design: On-line cross-sectional survey. Setting: Data were collected between 20th and 22nd April. Participants: 6149 participants living in the UK aged 18 years or over. Main outcome measures: Perceived immunity to COVID-19, self-reported adherence to social distancing measures (going out for essential shopping, nonessential shopping, and meeting up with friends/family; total out-of-home activity), worry about COVID-19 and perceived risk of COVID-19 to oneself and people in the UK. Knowledge that cough and high temperature / fever are the main symptoms of COVID-19. Results: In this sample, 1493 people (24.3%) thought they had had COVID-19. Only 245 (4.0%) reported receiving a test result saying they had COVID-19. Reported test results were often incongruent with participants' belief that they had had COVID-19. People who believed that they had had COVID-19 were: more likely to agree that they had some immunity to COVID-19; less likely to report adhering to social distancing measures; less worried about COVID-19; and less likely to know that cough and high temperature / fever are two of the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Conclusions: The number of people in the UK who think they have already had COVID-19 is about twice the rate of current prevalence estimates. People who think that they have had COVID-19 may contribute to transmission of the virus through non-adherence to social distancing measures. Clear communications to this growing group are needed to explain why protective measures continue to be important and to encourage sustained adherence. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.20086223v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086223 id: cord-307520-8zmwh9ch author: Smith, L.E. title: Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-06 words: 4066.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307520-8zmwh9ch.txt summary: Among those who reported no symptoms in the household, we used UK government guidelines that were in force at the time of data collection 2 to define non-adherence (shopping for nonessentials, meeting friends or family and having visitors to your home). Non-adherence to self-isolation (reporting having left home in the last 24 h) was associated with: thinking that the lockdown had made your mental health worse; feeling a greater sense of community with your neighbourhood due to COVID-19 (see Table 3 ). Not going out shopping for non-essentials was associated with: having received help from someone outside your household in the last 7 days; reporting that you were self-isolating; increased perceived likelihood of catching and spreading COVID-19; increased worry about COVID-19; increased perceived effectiveness of government advice; increased perceived severity of COVID-19; increased perceived disapproval from friends or family if you do not follow government advice; increased perceived legal consequences of not following government advice; not knowing or being unsure about government measures; and decreased perceived social norms. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures due to COVID-19 in the UK. STUDY DESIGN: Online cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Data were collected between 6th and 7th May 2020. A total of 2240 participants living in the UK aged 18 years or older were recruited from YouGov's online research panel. RESULTS: A total of 217 people (9.7%) reported that they or someone in their household had symptoms of COVID-19 (cough or high temperature/fever) in the last 7 days. Of these people, 75.1% had left the home in the last 24 h (defined as non-adherent). Men were more likely to be non-adherent, as were people who were less worried about COVID-19, and who perceived a smaller risk of catching COVID-19. Adherence was associated with having received help from someone outside your household. Results should be taken with caution as there was no evidence for associations when controlling for multiple analyses. Of people reporting no symptoms in the household, 24.5% had gone out shopping for non-essentials in the last week (defined as non-adherent). Factors associated with non-adherence and with a higher total number of outings in the last week included decreased perceived effectiveness of government ‘lockdown’ measures, decreased perceived severity of COVID-19 and decreased estimates of how many other people were following lockdown rules. Having received help was associated with better adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to self-isolation is poor. As we move into a new phase of contact tracing and self-isolation, it is essential that adherence is improved. Communications should aim to increase knowledge about actions to take when symptomatic or if you have been in contact with a possible COVID-19 case. They should also emphasise the risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 when out and about and the effectiveness of preventative measures. Using volunteer networks effectively to support people in isolation may promote adherence. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S003335062030319X doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.024 id: cord-342972-bjv8biop author: Smith, Michael D title: COVID-19, Food Insecurity, and Migration date: 2020-08-25 words: 3368.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342972-bjv8biop.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic and the global recession it has induced is the most serious crisis in the world economy since the end of the Second World War. Most countries in the world have imported the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus and are now beginning to deal with the societal and economic effects. Higher food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased migration. The effect of the mean prevalence rate and within country distribution of food insecurity on migration behavior in lowand middle-income countries is studied in an unpublished paper by Smith and Wesselbaum (36) , which showed that food insecurity increases international migration flows toward OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries and higher within-country dispersion of food insecurity reduces migration. We therefore expect food insecurity to lead to increased migration: rural-urban and international. abstract: In this policy piece, we investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–food-insecurity migration channel and develop a policy agenda. The interaction between COVID-19 and the drop in economic activity will lead to increased food insecurity within and across countries. Higher food insecurity may act as a multiplier for the epidemic due to its negative health effects and increased migration. Research has shown that food insecurity affects within-country and cross-border migration. Besides the mean prevalence rate, the distribution of food insecurity affects the migration decision. The impacts of COVID-19 are particularly strong for people in the lower tail of the food-insecurity distribution. In the current context, the effect of food insecurity therefore could be increased migration, including both rural–urban migration and international migration. Importantly, the crisis might lead to a structural break in migration patterns. People might avoid heavily affected COVID-19 destination countries (e.g., United States, Italy, or Spain) and move to other countries. Due to the persistent nature of migration flows, this could have long-lasting effects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840610/ doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa270 id: cord-033780-184e64tr author: Smith, Rasheid title: Implications of current and future approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 testing date: 2020-10-13 words: 3266.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033780-184e64tr.txt summary: The current reality is that SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible airborne disease with a broad presentation of symptoms and leaves lasting damage in severe cases, and for which there is a scarcity of effective medications to treat it. Using the cycle threshold value in this manner only informs as to the presence of the virus and may not reveal disease progression, severity and viral load in the sample; and as such the results are largely qualitative despite the inherent quantitative nature of real-time RT-PCR [27] . Nevertheless, initial studies have demonstrated that chest CT imaging is more accurate than RT-PCR at detecting SARS-CoV-2 patients [32] with 97.2% versus 83% in the early stages of infection [33] . Immunoassays (antibody serum tests), such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), are used to detect the presence of serum antibodies (either IgA, IgG or IgM) to viral proteins and can indicate when a person has developed an immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7560716/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0318 id: cord-287918-hf9cyr16 author: Smith, S. title: Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes and obesity is associated with severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 2872.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287918-hf9cyr16.txt summary: (4, 5) A recent study of over 4,000 patients with confirmed Covid-19 in the United States found older age (>65 years), obesity (BMI >40), chronic kidney disease and a history of heart failure were most associated with hospitalization, while critical illness was linked to low oxygen saturation (<88%) at admission, severe Covid-19 found 13% of patients had DM, reinforcing early observations that diabetes is a risk factor for more severe disease. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 doi: medRxiv preprint observations and several in-depth reviews (10) (11) (12) have raised concerns that diabetics with elevated fasting blood glucose are at increased risk of developing severe Covid-19. Moreover, we identify Covid-19 patients with PreDM and others with normal HbA1C levels who developed new onset DM, similar in presentation to Type 1 DM, coincident with recent acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 doi: medRxiv preprint the onset and progression of diabetes are associated with a corresponding increase in the likelihood of severe Covid-19 requiring intubation. abstract: Background: Identification of risk factors of severe Covid-19 is critical for improving therapies and understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Methods: We analyzed 184 patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in Livingston, New Jersey for clinical characteristics associated with severe disease. Results: The majority of Covid-19 patients had diabetes mellitus (DM) (62.0%), Pre-DM (23.9%) with elevated FBG, or a BMI > 30 with normal HbA1C (4.3%). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with new and persistent hyperglycemia in 29 patients, including several with normal HbA1C levels. Forty-four patients required intubation, which occurred significantly more often in patients with DM as compared to non-diabetics. Conclusions: Severe Covid-19 occurs in the presence of impaired glucose metabolism in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association of dysregulated glucose metabolism and severe Covid-19 suggests a previously unrecognized manifestation of primary SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exploration of pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 impacts glucose metabolism is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122507 id: cord-030382-pqf899k7 author: Smith, Shaun title: The Heroes and Heroines: Supporting the Front Line in New York City During Covid-19 date: 2020-07-15 words: 2933.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030382-pqf899k7.txt summary: Our overarching goals were to keep employees informed about the latest developments of this evolving crisis and to protect their physical and mental health to the best of our ability.3 , 4 To address employee needs in a time of social distancing and widespread closures, we expanded, adapted, or added multiple services.5 ( Figure 2 ) To the extent possible the offerings were virtual. The rapid pace of Covid-19 required comprehensive communications early and often to manage the continual developments and evolving employee policy and service changes. As the pandemic continued, we offered employee financial assistance for those experiencing hardships and as a sign of gratitude.15 Frontline staff received one bonus pay in mid-April, with a second in early May. Additionally, we established a Covid Support Care Fund for financial hardship to provide up to $5,000 for employees in need. abstract: NewYork-Presbyterian used a multi-pronged strategy to preserve the mental and physical health, and address urgent practical and economic needs, for more than 50,000 employees during the Covid-19 crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380706/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0285 id: cord-284188-ujdla954 author: Smith, Silas W. title: Virtual Urgent Care Quality and Safety in the Time of Coronavirus date: 2020-10-16 words: 5905.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284188-ujdla954.txt summary: To assess patient and provider data, systems effectiveness, and ability to provide care with and without admission to the ED, 17, 18 we identified the following variables from the cohort records: provider type, patient age, self-assigned gender, visit date, self-assigned race/ethnicity, 19 comorbidities, previous primary care visits (as an indirect marker of regular access to care), VUC return visits, ED referrals and spontaneous ED visits, ED and dispositions, intubations, and deaths following VUC visits. We evaluated and manually reviewed all patients identified for follow-up to assess outcomes including ED referral during follow-up screening call, hospital admission and course, presence or absence of ED referral on index VUC visit, mortality, and interval metrics. 17 While no direct comparators existed during the pandemic, when decision thresholds to present to the ED were multifactorial, to provide context for departments managing patients as outpatients, we evaluated similar outcomes of patients presenting for ED care who were discharged (not admitted) during the same time period. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Telemedicine use rapidly increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We assessed quality aspects of rapid expansion of a virtual urgent care (VUC) telehealth system and the effects of a secondary telephonic screening initiative during the pandemic. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis in a single hospital network of VUC patients from March 1, 2020 through April 20, 2020. We abstracted demographic data, comorbidities, VUC return visits, emergency department (ED) referrals, and ED visits, dispositions, intubations, and deaths. We also reviewed incomplete visits. For comparison, we evaluated outcomes of non-admission dispositions from the ED: return visits with and without admission and deaths. We separately analyzed the effects of enhanced callback system targeting higher risk patients with COVID-like illness during the last two weeks of the study period. RESULTS: A total of 18,278 unique adult patients completed 22,413 VUC visits. Separately, 718 patient-scheduled visits were incomplete; the majority were no-shows. 50.9% of all patients and 74.0% of patients aged 60 years or older had comorbidities. Of VUC visits, 6.8% had a subsequent VUC encounter within 72 hours; 1.8% had a subsequent ED visit. Of patients with enhanced follow-up, 4.3% were referred for ED evaluation. Mortality was 0.20% overall; 0.21% initially and 0.16% with enhanced follow-up (p = 0.59). Males and black patients were significantly overrepresented in decedents. CONCLUSION: Appropriately deployed VUC services can provide a pragmatic strategy to care for large numbers of patients. Ongoing surveillance of operational, technical, and clinical factors is critical for patient quality and safety with this modality. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1553725020302713 doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2020.10.001 id: cord-252800-cz4mb3wx author: Smith, Timothy L. title: COVID‐19 – Looking beyond the immediate concerns date: 2020-05-12 words: 639.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252800-cz4mb3wx.txt summary: Most of our collective time during the past week has been spent in urgent, and perhaps late, preparation to care for the escalating pandemic and its fallout. I recognize that my first editorial as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal-one I had already penned in the previous weeks-will no longer fit the times. Will we yet be considering the potential impact of the next wave? Beyond the immediate concerns for humanity, our patients, our loved ones and ourselves, we have an entirely novel set of future issues to process. Even after the pandemic comes under control, we will need to continue to prioritize operating theater time equitably to those with the most severe and urgent disease processes. The impact of the pandemic on our trainees is concerning. Fair allocation of scarce resources in the time of Covid-19 Reflections and New Developments within the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291903/ doi: 10.1002/alr.22583 id: cord-263066-umvojci8 author: Smondack, P. title: Kinésithérapie et COVID-19 : de la réanimation à la réhabilitation à domicile. Synthèse des recommandations internationales date: 2020-10-13 words: 5669.0 sentences: 533.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263066-umvojci8.txt summary: Ainsi, l''indication doit être discutée en staff pluridisciplinaire et le MK ne doit pas entrer dans la chambre du patient uniquement pour évaluer les besoins en kinésithérapie, mais uniquement quand ces besoins ont été évalués au préalable et que la nécessité d''actes kinésithérapiques a été décidée [14, 18] . Les patients présentant des formes modérées nécessitant une hospitalisation sans passage en réanimation sont également pris en charge dans ces services. Ces mesures d''hygiène, notamment le port du masque chirurgical, le lavage des mains et la distanciation sociale doivent s''appliquer dans la mesure du possible pour tous les patients, même non infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 [4, 10, 15, 20, 34] . Les MK ont donc un rôle essentiel dans la prise en charge des patients atteints de COVID-19 et ce, sur du long terme, plusieurs semaines après la maladie. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is responsible for a global pandemic and many deaths. This context requires an adaptation of health systems as well as the role of each healthcare professional, including physiotherapists. STATE OF THE ART: In order to optimize the management of people with COVID-19, many savant societies published guidelines about physiotherapy interventions within the crisis but none offered a global overview from the intensive care unit to home care. Therefore, the aim of this review is to offer an overview of recommended physiotherapy interventions in order to facilitate the management of these patients, whatever the stage of the disease. PERSPECTIVES: Owing to the emergent character of the COVID-19, actual guidelines will have to be adjusted according to the evolution of the pandemic and the resources of the hospital and liberal sectors, in particular for the long-term follow-up of these patients. Current and future research will aim to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for people with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The emergence of COVID-19 required a very rapid adaptation of the health system. The role of physiotherapists is justified at every stage of patients care in order to limit the functional consequences of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2020.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.09.001 id: cord-289533-hip9qtu5 author: Smulever, Anabella title: Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 2822.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289533-hip9qtu5.txt summary: Since this disease is considered an immunosuppressive status by itself, especially in some types of cancer, the medical community has become increasingly concerned about the potentially deleterious effects that COVID-19 infection may cause in these patients. However, the limited current medical evidence suggests that there is no reason to believe that merely a history of thyroid cancer is enough to have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 infection or to evolve into a poor outcome. The frequency and modality of surveillance for patients with thyroid cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic must be adapted according to the risk of recurrence and the response to treatment. Patients with an excellent, indeterminate, or biochemical incomplete response to treatment do not constitute a risk group for COVID-19 infection, and the frequency of structural disease is less than 4%, 15%, and 20%, respectively [14] . abstract: The recent coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is placing health systems in serious challenges worldwide. Shocking statistics each day has prompted the World Health Organization to officially declare the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic in March 2020. Preliminary studies have shown increased mortality in patients with solid cancers and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Until now, the evidence on the behavior of COVID-19 in patients with a history of thyroid cancer remains scarce, and most of the recommendations given are based on common sense. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we present a brief review of several challenges we are frequently facing during this pandemic and a series of recommendations based on what we have implemented in our clinical practice at a university hospital currently mostly dedicated to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32754886/ doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02439-6 id: cord-311580-dzlh5obt author: Snapiri, Ori title: Delayed diagnosis of paediatric appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-06-08 words: 2475.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311580-dzlh5obt.txt summary: AIM: To present seven paediatric patients with appendicitis, all with late diagnosis resulting from different aspects of the fear from the current global COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein, we present seven cases with a delayed diagnosis of appendicitis in the era of patients and physicians'' fear from in-person encounters and physical examination. The parents of an 11-year-old female patient contacted her primary care physician with abdominal pain of 2-day duration. The family did not contact any healthcare provider until the 6th day of symptoms when the patient was re-examined by his physician and right abdominal tenderness along with signs of peritonitis were found. 13 While most adolescents diagnosed with appendicitis do not experience complications such as appendix perforation and abscess formation, the cases described in this report paint a different picture, raising concern regarding the current methods used for evaluation of paediatric population during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: AIM: To present seven paediatric patients with appendicitis, all with late diagnosis resulting from different aspects of the fear from the current global COVID‐19 pandemic. METHODS: Cases were collected from three paediatric surgical wards. Comparison between complicated appendicitis rates in the COVID‐19 era and similar period in previous year was performed. RESULTS: All seven children presented with complicated appendicitis. Main reasons for the delayed diagnosis during the COVID‐19 era were parental concern, telemedicine use and insufficient evaluation. Higher complication rates were found during the COVID‐19 era compared to similar period in previous year (22% vs 11%, P‐value .06). CONCLUSION: The fear from COVID‐19 pandemic may result in delayed diagnosis and higher complication rates in common paediatric medical conditions. We believe caregivers and healthcare providers should not withhold necessary medical care since delay in diagnosis and treatment in these routinely seen medical emergencies may become as big of a threat as COVID‐19 itself. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32460364/ doi: 10.1111/apa.15376 id: cord-261512-eoqrqnl4 author: Sneyd, J.Robert title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training date: 2020-07-23 words: 2687.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261512-eoqrqnl4.txt summary: title: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training To better understand and to document these impacts, we contacted anaesthesia trainees and trainers across six continents and collated their experiences during the pandemic. Training in anaesthesia and intensive care, with a degree of overlap that varies on a country by country basis, has evolved from a time-serving apprenticeship to structured programs with bespoke models of learning, reflection and assessment. Recent experience with elective surgery suggests the impact of COVID-19 may extend far beyond an ICU capacity and staffing problem 1 with as yet unknown implications for training. They were asked to describe the impacts of the pandemic on themselves and their colleagues including: change of case mix, altered experiential learning opportunities, senior staff taking the lead on procedures, deferral or cancellation of teaching, workplace based assessments and exams, impacted rotations, anxiety and mental health. Training disrupted: Practical tips for supporting competency-based medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) has dislocated clinical services and postgraduate training. To better understand and to document these impacts, we contacted anaesthesia trainees and trainers across six continents and collated their experiences during the pandemic. All aspects of training programmes have been affected. Trainees report that reduced case-load, sub-specialty experience and supervised procedures are impairing learning. Cancelled educational activities, postponed exams and altered rotations threaten progression through training. Job prospects and international opportunities are downgraded. Work related anxieties about provision of Personal Protective Equipment, and risks to self and to colleagues are superimposed on concerns for family and friends and domestic disruption. These seismic changes have had consequences for wellbeing and mental health. In response, anaesthetists have developed innovations in teaching and trainee support. New technologies support trainer-trainee interactions, with a focus on e-learning. National training bodies and medical regulators that specify training and oversee assessment of trainees and their progression have provided flexibility in their requirements. Within anaesthesia departments, support transcends grades and job titles with lessons for the future. Attention to wellness, awareness of mental health issues and multimodal support can attenuate but not eliminate trainee distress. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32773215/ doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.011 id: cord-339561-sgbxzeuh author: Snow, Elaine K title: Creation and maintenance of a table for assessment of evolving evidence for COVID-19–related treatments date: 2020-09-21 words: 2091.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339561-sgbxzeuh.txt summary: PURPOSE: This report describes the development and maintenance of a table to present an assessment of evidence for treatments used in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, these skills were applied to assess emerging evidence for COVID-19–related treatments, and the information was compiled into a new resource for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to use at the point of care. A comprehensive table was developed to provide a summary of available evidence for various therapies being investigated or used in patients with COVID-19 to inform and support pharmacists and other clinicians as they make therapeutic decisions while caring for patients with the disease. The evidence table format enabled the AHFS DI staff to provide ongoing updates as new information became available during the pandemic. abstract: DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: This report describes the development and maintenance of a table to present an assessment of evidence for treatments used in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SUMMARY: AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD) is ASHP’s evidence-based drug compendium that contains drug monographs written for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. The professional editorial and analytical staff of pharmacists critically evaluate published evidence to develop drug monographs for AHFS DI. In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, these skills were applied to assess emerging evidence for COVID-19–related treatments, and the information was compiled into a new resource for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to use at the point of care. A list of therapies was developed and prioritized based on review of scientific and public discussions on the use of these therapies in patients with COVID-19; certain therapies used for supportive care and therapies that might theoretically be harmful to patients with COVID-19 also were considered for inclusion. Potential treatments were identified, and the evidence for use in patients with COVID-19 was assessed and summarized in a table format. Information presented for each therapy included the rationale for use, summaries of clinical trials or experience, trial registry numbers, and dosage regimens. Comments on safety and efficacy, including limitations of available data, were presented along with recommendations from recognized authorities. The editorial team continued to add new therapies to the table and update existing entries as new evidence emerged. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive table that summarized available evidence for potential treatments for patients with COVID-19 was developed. The table format enabled the drug information editorial staff to provide ongoing updates as new information emerged during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa334 doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa334 id: cord-324273-fl7k8ubi author: So, M. K. P. title: On Topological Properties of COVID-19: Predicting and Controling Pandemic Risk with Network Statistics date: 2020-09-18 words: 6818.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324273-fl7k8ubi.txt summary: First, we make use of publicly available data, namely daily number of confirmed cases and daily accumulated number of infected people in each country to learn topological properties of dynamic pandemic networks and to visualize the propagation of COVID-19 for risk prediction and control. After that, probably due to stringent measures imposed by various countries, including travel restrictions, community lockdown and enhancing social distancing, the standardized S 1t drops but quite slowly in mid April and May. The time series of the PRS stays mostly above 0.05 till mid June, indicating that the pandemic risk is still substantial even after three months of the WHO''s declaration with tremendous measures and efforts from various countries in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. abstract: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 24 million confirmed infected cases and more than 800,000 people died as of 28 August 2020. While it is essential to quantify risk and characterize transmission dynamics in closed populations using Susceptible-Infection-Recovered modeling, the investigation of the effect from worldwide pandemic cannot be neglected. This study proposes a network analysis to assess global pandemic risk by linking 164 countries in pandemic networks, where links between countries were specified by the level of 'co-movement' of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases. More countries showing increase in the COVID-19 cases simultaneously will signal the pandemic prevalent over the world. The network density, clustering coefficients, and assortativity in the pandemic networks provide early warning signals of the pandemic in late February 2020. We propose a preparedness pandemic risk score for prediction and a severity risk score for pandemic control. The preparedness risk score contributed by countries in Asia is between 25% to 50% most of the time after February and America contributes close to 50% recently. The high preparedness risk contribution implies the importance of travel restrictions between those countries. The severity risk score of America is greater than 50% after May and even exceeds 75% in July, signifying that the control of COVID-19 is still worrying in America. We can keep track of the pandemic situation in each country using an online dashboard to update the pandemic risk scores and contributions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.17.20197020 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.17.20197020 id: cord-345225-2s5xd1oc author: Soares, F. title: A novel high specificity COVID-19 screening method based on simple blood exams and artificial intelligence date: 2020-04-14 words: 4558.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345225-2s5xd1oc.txt summary: We developed a machine learning classifier that takes widely available simple blood exams as input and predicts if that suspect case is likely to be positive (having SARS-CoV-2) or negative(not having SARS-CoV-2). We developed a machine learning classifier that takes widely available simple blood exams as input and predicts if that suspect case is likely to be positive (having SARS-CoV-2) or negative(not having SARS-CoV-2). Based on this data, we built an artificial intelligence classification framework, ER-CoV, aiming at determining which patients were more likely to be negative for SARS-CoV-2 when visiting an ER and that were categorized as a suspect case by medical professionals. Considering the aforementioned successes in integrating AI and medicine, we propose ER-CoV, an artificial intelligence-based screening method that uses blood exams to triage patients suspect of COVID-19 arriving at emergency rooms. abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19 poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Despite governmental initiatives aimed at containing the spread of the disease, several countries are experiencing unmanageable increases in the demand for ICU beds, medical equipment, and larger testing capacity. Efficient COVID-19 diagnosis enables healthcare systems to provide better care for patients while protecting caregivers from the disease. However, many countries are constrained by the limited amount of test kits available, the lack of equipment and trained professionals. In the case of patients visiting emergency rooms (ERs) with a suspect of COVID-19, a prompt diagnosis can improve the outcome and even provide information for efficient hospital management. In this context, a quick, inexpensive and readily available test to perform an initial triage at ER could help to smooth patient flow, provide better patient care, and reduce the backlog of exams. Methods: In this Case-control quantitative study, we developed a strategy backed by artificial intelligence to perform an initial screening of suspect COVID-19 cases. We developed a machine learning classifier that takes widely available simple blood exams as input and predicts if that suspect case is likely to be positive (having SARS-CoV-2) or negative(not having SARS-CoV-2). Based on this initial classification, positive cases can be referred for further highly sensitive testing (e.g. CT scan, or specific antibodies). We used publicly available data from the Albert Einstein Hospital in Brazil from 5,644 patients. Focussing on using simple blood exams, a sample of 599 subjects that had the fewest missing values for 16 common exams were selected. From these 599 patients, only 81 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (determined by RT-PCR). Based on this data, we built an artificial intelligence classification framework, ER-CoV, aiming at determining which patients were more likely to be negative for SARS-CoV-2 when visiting an ER and that were categorized as a suspect case by medical professionals. The primary goal of this investigation is to develop a classifier with high specificity and high negative predictive values, with reasonable sensitivity. Findings: We identified that our framework achieved an average specificity of 92.16% [95% CI 91.73 - 92.59] and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.29% [95% CI 94.65% - 95.90%]. Those values are completely aligned with our goal of providing an effective low-cost system to triage suspected patients at ERs. As for sensitivity, our model achieved an average of 63.98% [95% CI 59.82% - 67.50%] and positive predictive value (PPV) of 48.00% [95% CI 44.88% - 51.56%]. An error analysis identified that, on average, 45% of the false negative results would have been hospitalized anyway, thus the model is making mistakes for severe cases that would not be overlooked, partially mitigating the fact that the test is not high-sensitive. All code for our AI model, called ER-CoV is publicly available at https://github.com/soares-f/ER-CoV. Interpretation: Based on the capacity of our model to accurately predict which cases are negative from suspected patients arriving at emergency rooms, we envision that this framework can play an important role in patient triage. Probably the most important outcome is related to testing availability, which at this point is extremely low in many countries. Considering the achieved specificity, we would reduce by at least 90% the number of SARS-CoV-2 tests performed at emergency rooms, with the chance of getting a false negative at around 5%. The second important outcome is related to patient management in hospitals. Patients predicted as positive by our framework could be immediately separated from the other patients while waiting for the results of confirmatory tests. This could reduce the spread rate inside hospitals since in many hospitals all suspected cases are kept in the same ward. In Brazil, where the data was collected, rate infection is starting to quickly spread, the lead time of a SARS-CoV-2 can be up to 2 weeks. Funding: University of Sheffield provided financial support for the Ph.D scholarship for Felipe Soares. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20061036 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061036 id: cord-275272-qdg8sqpy author: Soares-Júnior, José Maria title: Gynecology and women’s health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patient safety in surgery and prevention date: 2020-06-16 words: 2038.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275272-qdg8sqpy.txt summary: In this context, based on a recent publication regarding patient safety in elective surgeries (9) (10) (11) , as well as on the law of access to treatment and laws related to women''s health care (23, 24) , we propose the inclusion of gynecological surgery cases, stratified as follows ( Figure 1 ): Emergency (o1h): Peritonitis by tubo-ovarian and/or pelvic abscess, necrotizing fasciitis in surgeries for pelvic and breast neoplasms; DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2063 Urgent (o24h): Postoperative infections, acute inflammatory abdomen (adnexal tortoise, myoma tortoise, ovarian cysts), hemorrhagic conditions (ovarian cysts); Elective urgent (o2 weeks): Surgeries for neoplasms of the lower genital tract and breast previously diagnosed by pathological examination; Essential Elective (42 to o3 months): Hysteroscopy for abnormal uterine bleeding (unknowledge causes, suspected malignancy, and menopausal transition), postmenopausal bleeding (suspected malignancy), cervical conization or looped electro excision procedure (to exclude neoplasm in the lower genital tract); Non-essential/elective surgery: Infertility procedures, family planning procedures (bilateral tubal ligation procedure). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32578830/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2063 id: cord-032928-m0awip9y author: Sobh, Eman title: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement date: 2020-10-01 words: 4021.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032928-m0awip9y.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel single-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 primary attacks the lower respiratory system causing viral pneumonia, but it may also affect the heart, gastrointestinal system, liver, kidney, and central nervous system leading to multiple organ failure [3] . Other researchers found elevated serum troponin levels in many patients infected with COVID-19, and it was associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis [21] . The mechanism behind acute myocardial injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection might be related to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) [20] which are highly expressed in the heart [11] . The results of previous reports indicate that cardiac injury, arrhythmia, and venous thromboembolism should be considered in any suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case and the patient should undergo a prompt clinical evaluation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging pandemic that affected millions of people worldwide caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The first cases reported suffered from respiratory symptoms. MAIN BODY: Various extrapulmonary manifestations were linked to COVID-19 in several reports including cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and skin. It is important that every clinician should be aware of these non-respiratory manifestations for early diagnosis and prompt management. This review aims to summarize the different extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 disease and highlight the importance of multidisciplinary care. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is a disease of multi-organ involvement. Manifestations may vary depending on which organ is involved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7527290/ doi: 10.1186/s43168-020-00030-1 id: cord-263801-01goni72 author: Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão title: Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-10 words: 2957.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263801-01goni72.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263801-01goni72.txt summary: In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. On the basis of the assumption that different climatic conditions play a significant role in the course of COVID-19, it is essential to identify associations between environmental factors, such as average, maximum, and minimum temperatures; precipitation; and demographic density, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality in humans. Even with the complete specification that includes two binary variables capturing specific effects for the months of the year and controlling for population density, the results suggest that an increase in temperature is associated with a decrease in the number of infections. This study aimed to identify the associations between environmental variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission/COVID-19 mortality. We examined the associations between climatic variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality. abstract: In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Two outcome measures were considered, with the first aiming to study SARS-CoV-2 infections and the second aiming to study COVID-19 mortality. Daily data as well as data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortality obtained between December 1, 2019 and March 28, 2020 were collected from weather stations around the world. The country's population density and time of exposure to the disease were used as control variables. Finally, a month dummy variable was added. Daily data by country were analyzed using the panel data model. An increase in the average daily temperature by one degree Fahrenheit reduced the number of cases by approximately 6.4 cases/day. There was a negative correlation between the average temperature per country and the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This association remained strong even with the incorporation of additional variables and controls (maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) and fixed country effects. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Countries with higher rainfall measurements showed an increase in disease transmission. For each average inch/day, there was an increase of 56.01 cases/day. COVID-19 mortality showed no significant association with temperature. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997 id: cord-295150-uw8lwgrh author: Sockalingam, Sanjeev title: The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care date: 2020-05-22 words: 1681.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295150-uw8lwgrh.txt summary: In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self‐management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. The rapid implementation of virtual care during COVID-19 will offer greater research opportunities for improving our understanding of e-health effectiveness in youth populations, long-term outcomes (including weight loss), key implementation factors, and patient response. abstract: The global outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease has had a tremendous psychological impact on individuals around the world. Individuals with obesity are susceptible to distress and psychological sequalae secondary to this pandemic, which can have detrimental effects on obesity management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self‐management. Addressing these challenges requires novel approaches to redefining psychosocial care before and after bariatric surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Because of this pandemic, the rapid integration of virtual psychosocial care in bariatric surgery programs to address patients’ needs will create new opportunities for clinical and implementational scientific research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294297/ doi: 10.1002/oby.22836 id: cord-320064-kjvfe8sv author: Soeroto, Arto Yuwono title: Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-28 words: 3330.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320064-kjvfe8sv.txt summary: title: Effect of increased BMI and obesity on the outcome of COVID-19 adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to explore the association and risk of increased BMI and obesity with composite poor outcome in COVID-19 adult patients. We included all original research articles in COVID-19 adult patients and obesity based on classification of Body Mass Index (BMI) and composite poor outcome which consist of ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality. Subgroup analysis showed obesity was associated with other poor outcome (ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, and hospital admission) with OR ¼ 2.22 (95% CI, 1.40e3.53, P < 0.001) but Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 . This meta-analysis study showed that both higher BMI and obesity were associated with related poor outcomes (ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality) in COVID-19 adult patients. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread rapidly. Growing evidences that overweight and obesity which extent nearly a third of the world population were associated with severe COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the association and risk of increased BMI and obesity with composite poor outcome in COVID-19 adult patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search from PubMed and Embase database. We included all original research articles in COVID-19 adult patients and obesity based on classification of Body Mass Index (BMI) and composite poor outcome which consist of ICU admission, ARDS, severe COVID-19, use of mechanical ventilation, hospital admission, and mortality. RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included in meta-analysis with 9 studies presented BMI as continuous outcome and 10 studies presented BMI as dichotomous outcome (cut-off ≥30 kg/m(2)). COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome had higher BMI with mean difference 1.12 (95% CI, 0.67–1.57, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, obesity was associated with composite poor outcome with odds ratio (OR) = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.25–2.54, P < 0.001) Multivariate meta-regression showed the association between BMI and obesity on composite poor outcome were affected by age, gender, DM type 2, and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Obesity is a risk factor of composite poor outcome of COVID-19. On the other hand, COVID-19 patients with composite poor outcome have higher BMI. BMI is an important routine procedure that should always be assessed in the management of COVID-19 patients and special attention should be given to patients with obesity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871402120303817 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.029 id: cord-308100-tvk47fd7 author: Soetikno, Roy title: Considerations in performing endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-27 words: 2705.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308100-tvk47fd7.txt summary: Based on experiences and the literature, our objective is to provide practical suggestions for performing endoscopy in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic. 6 It is unknown how much of the risk was related to the direct care of infected patients or to the inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). 9 With numbers of COVID-19 cases continuing to rise in North America and Europe, we aim to provide practical suggestions to potentially avoid the transmissions of COVID-19 in the endoscopy unit. Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) person-to-person, (2) respiratory droplets, (3) aerosols generated during endoscopy, and (4) contact with contaminated surroundings and body fluids. 13 Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has published an extensive guideline on the rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 and provided specific instructions for healthcare workers performing AGP on patients with COVID-19. 17 Note that as an AGP, endoscopy of PUI/COVID patients requires the use of respiratory protection. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016510720340335?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.03.3758 id: cord-290594-dvco042c author: Sofia, Soccorsa title: Thoracic ultrasound and SARS-COVID-19: a pictorial essay date: 2020-04-16 words: 1624.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290594-dvco042c.txt summary: One of the main limitations of thoracic ultrasound is that it cannot be used to examine the deep fields of the lung due to air interface and artifacts, but the physiopathology of COVID-19 disease provides for a predominant involvement of the pulmonary periphery [5, 6] , thus favoring the application of the method. The main ultrasound finding in COVID-19 pneumonia is that of an acute interstitial disease, which is represented by vertical hyperechoic artifacts that depart from the pleural line directed in depth. Indeed, the presence of some B lines spread over several scans seems to be an early finding of COVID-19, even in mildly symptomatic subjects; in the most serious cases such as those that are pre-ARDS or ARDS, the B lines end up filling the ultrasound image almost completely, until they Initially, those ultrasound findings were related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema, in which the B lines are present bilaterally, with a base-apex gradient and with progressive involvement depending on the severity of the disease [7] . abstract: Thoracic ultrasound seems to adapt to the screening for lung involvement of patients with suspected or ascertained SARS-COVID-19 infection due to its characteristics of easy applicability. It can be also a relevant method in monitoring patients. B lines are early finding of COVID-19, even in mild-symptomatic subjects; in the most serious cases such as pre-ARDS or ARDS, the B lines end up filling the ultrasound image almost completely, until it merges, so as to create a single hyperechoic image named as “white lung”, with distortion and irregularity of the pleural line. In advanced stage, lung consolidations are present, representing pulmonary pathological areas that are no longer normally ventilated. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-020-00458-7 doi: 10.1007/s40477-020-00458-7 id: cord-261439-xfsqzadd author: Sohal, Karpal Singh title: Oral and maxillofacial surgical services amid COVID-19 pandemic: perspective from Tanzania date: 2020-08-17 words: 1835.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261439-xfsqzadd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261439-xfsqzadd.txt summary: Considering that the virus can be passed on directly from person to person through respiratory droplets, contact, fomites, and saliva, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons are exposed to COVID-19 in their daily clinical duties. As such, there is a need for having locally tailored standard guidelines for managing patients with oral and maxillofacial conditions during the COVID 19 pandemic in Tanzania. Some institutions have laid out guidelines/recommendations on the management of patients with oral and maxillofacial conditions amid the COVID-19 pandemic [8, 10, 11] . Performing SARS-CoV-2 tests to all patients admitted in oral and maxillofacial surgical wards on a routine basis as suggested by some authors [11] is not practical in our situation. The creation of locally tailored standard guidelines for managing patients with the oral and maxillofacial conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic should be emphasized. Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global pandemic that affects individuals from all walks of life. Considering that the virus can be passed on directly from person to person through respiratory droplets, contact, fomites, and saliva, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons are exposed to COVID-19 in their daily clinical duties. This is because of the nature of their work, which entails working within a short distance from patients’ oral cavity and upper airway. As such, there is a need for having locally tailored standard guidelines for managing patients with oral and maxillofacial conditions during the COVID 19 pandemic in Tanzania. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32818021/ doi: 10.1186/s41182-020-00258-z id: cord-262343-oo55qvpk author: Sohal, Sandeep title: COVID-19 Presenting with Seizures date: 2020-05-01 words: 716.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262343-oo55qvpk.txt summary: Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided. Additionally, the patient was off his home oral sulfonylureas for multiple days and underwent dialysis sessions making it less likely that the continued effects of oral hypoglycemic agents was the cause of his seizures. The patient was persistently febrile throughout admission possibly related to the cytokine storm so frequently seen in COVID 19. In addition to viral infection, host immune response causing a cytokine storm leading to damage in the blood brain barrier and increased leukocyte migration may be another mechanism in causing encephalitis [2] . As our understanding of COVID-19 progresses, the possibility of encephalitis and seizures is becoming more accepted clinically, but currently has limited documentation in the literature [2] [3] [4] . This case report adds to the literature the increasing neurological manifestations presented in COVID-19. abstract: This case report examines a male with no previous history of seizures initially admitting to the medical service later upgraded to ICU after respiratory failure developing multiple episodes of seizures. Laboratory values on admission, neurological investigations, as well as review of current literature on COVID-19 encephalitis is provided. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214250920300901?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00782 id: cord-309644-cujlpm4i author: Sola, Augusto title: COVID-19 perinatal en América Latina date: 2020-07-31 words: 3056.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309644-cujlpm4i.txt summary: Evaluar y reportar las características clínicas y los resultados de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos en América Latina. En este contexto, la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Neonatología (SIBEN) ha convocado a las unidades de América Latina pertenecientes a la Red SIBEN a reportar casos de mujeres embarazadas con infección por SARS-CoV-2 comprobada por RT-PCR con la intención de aportar conocimiento y experiencias sobre la COVID-19 perinatal en esta región. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y reportar las características clínicas y los resultados de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas y sus RN en América Latina. Concluimos que en esta serie de casos la salud de las madres y sus RN no presentó un impacto muy grave a causa del SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, la pandemia aumenta el riesgo de llevar a cabo prácticas clínicas no basadas en evidencia que atentan contra el cuidado humanizado y centrado en el recién nacido y su familia. abstract: OBJECTIVE. To evaluate and report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns in Latin America. METHODS. Descriptive study based on the prospective report of the units of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology Network. RESULTS. Of 86 pregnant women with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR in seven countries (6 from Latin America, and Equatorial Guinea) 68% (59) were asymptomatic. Of 32% of symptomatic women, 89% (24) had mild symptoms and 3.5% (3) had severe respiratory symptoms. No women died. The cesarean section rate was 38%; gestational age was < 37 weeks in 6% of cases. RT-PCR was performed on all newborns between 16 and 36 hours of age; 6 (7%) were positive. All of them presented mild and transient respiratory distress; none died. Two newborns with negative RT-PCR died from other causes. Breastfeeding was authorized in only 24% of mothers; in 13% milk was expressed and 63% of newborns were fed with formula. In 76% of cases the motherchild pair was separated, and in 95% of cases the mother could not be accompanied at delivery or during the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS. The lack of maternal accompaniment, the low rate of breastfeeding and the frequent separation of the mother-child dyad are of concern. The health care team must reflect on the need to defend humanized and family-centered care during this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.47 doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.47 id: cord-287544-n32iscmr author: Solaimanzadeh, Isaac title: Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 date: 2020-05-12 words: 5448.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287544-n32iscmr.txt summary: title: Nifedipine and Amlodipine Are Associated With Improved Mortality and Decreased Risk for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 A retrospective review was conducted on CCB use in hospitalized patients in search of any difference in outcomes related to specific endpoints: survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A retrospective review of patients on either nifedipine or amlodipine was conducted in search of any difference in outcomes, including survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. abstract: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB) are typically used agents in the clinical management of hypertension. Yet, they have also been utilized in the treatment of various pulmonary disorders with vasoconstriction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in the development of vasoconstrictive, proinflammatory, and pro-oxidative effects. A retrospective review was conducted on CCB use in hospitalized patients in search of any difference in outcomes related to specific endpoints: survival to discharge and progression of disease leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. The electronic medical records for all patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 that were at or above the age of 65 and that expired or survived to discharge from a community hospital in Brooklyn, NY, between the start of the public health crisis due to the viral disease up until April 13, 2020, were included. Of the 77 patients that were identified, 18 survived until discharge and 59 expired. Seven patients from the expired group were excluded since they died within one day of presentation to the hospital. Five patients were excluded from the expired group since their age was above that of the eldest patient in the survival group (89 years old). With 65 patients left, 24 were found to have been administered either amlodipine or nifedipine (CCB group) and 41 were not (No-CCB group). Patients treated with a CCB were significantly more likely to survive than those not treated with a CCB: 12 (50%) survived and 12 expired in the CCB group vs. six (14.6%) that survived and 35 (85.4%) that expired in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01; p=0.0036). CCB patients were also significantly less likely to undergo intubation and mechanical ventilation. Only one patient (4.2%) was intubated in the CCB group whereas 16 (39.0%) were intubated in the No-CCB treatment group (P<.01; p=0.0026). Nifedipine and amlodipine were found to be associated with significantly improved mortality and a decreased risk for intubation and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Further clinical studies are warranted. Including either nifedipine or amlodipine in medication regimens for elderly patients with hypertension hospitalized for COVID-19 may be considered. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32411566/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8069 id: cord-334188-bggt1i2e author: Solari, Domenico title: The nose lid for the endoscopic endonasal procedures during COVID-19 era: technical note date: 2020-08-11 words: 2604.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334188-bggt1i2e.txt summary: We describe peculiar surgical technique modifications and the use of an endonasal face mask, i.e., the nose lid, to be applied to the patient during transnasal procedures for skull base pathologies as a further possible COVID-19 mitigation strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Transnasal surgery, transgressing respiratory mucosa, can definitely increase the risk of virus transmission: we find that adopting further precautions, above all limiting high-speed drill can help preventing or at least reducing aerosol/droplets. After usual nasal pyramid sterile draping, an endonasal surgery facial mask, namely a nose lid, is assembled: a sterile non-latex glove layer is used to cover nostril and fixed with adhesive protection film over the nasal bridge; initially, two and then three narrow slit cut are placed over the nares to let instruments enter the nostrils (Figs. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the global health systems worldwide. According to the tremendous rate of interhuman transmission via aerosols and respiratory droplets, severe measures have been required to contain contagion spread. Accordingly, medical and surgical maneuvers involving the respiratory mucosa and, among them, transnasal transsphenoidal surgery have been charged of maximum risk of spread and contagion, above all for healthcare professionals. METHOD: Our department, according to the actual COVID-19 protocol national guidelines, has suspended elective procedures and, in the last month, only three patients underwent to endoscopic endonasal procedures, due to urgent conditions (a pituitary apoplexy, a chondrosarcoma causing cavernous sinus syndrome, and a pituitary macroadenoma determining chiasm compression). We describe peculiar surgical technique modifications and the use of an endonasal face mask, i.e., the nose lid, to be applied to the patient during transnasal procedures for skull base pathologies as a further possible COVID-19 mitigation strategy. RESULTS: The nose lid is cheap, promptly available, and can be easily assembled with the use of few tools available in the OR; this mask allows to both operating surgeon and his assistant to perform wider surgical maneuvers throughout the slits, without ripping it, while limiting the nostril airflow. CONCLUSIONS: Transnasal surgery, transgressing respiratory mucosa, can definitely increase the risk of virus transmission: we find that adopting further precautions, above all limiting high-speed drill can help preventing or at least reducing aerosol/droplets. The creation of a non-rigid face mask, i.e., the nose lid, allows the comfortable introduction of instruments through one or both nostrils and, at the same time, minimizes the release of droplets from the patient’s nasal cavity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32779028/ doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04518-z id: cord-287176-1hm0ua2s author: Solarino, Biagio title: Covid-19 pandemic and pediatric healthcare policy in Italy: time for a change date: 2020-08-06 words: 2046.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287176-1hm0ua2s.txt summary: For a number of reasons COVID-19 pandemic is polite with children; however, the fear of this unknown disease drove to develop dedicated pathways in the Pediatric Emergency Departments for the suspected and diagnosed cases of COVID-19, together with their relatives. For a number of reasons COVID-19 pandemic is polite with children; however, the fear of this unknown disease drove to develop dedicated pathways in the Pediatric Emergency Departments for the suspected and diagnosed cases of COVID-19, together with their relatives. With the double aim of reducing the circulation of patients in the hospital area, but also to spare human resources to throw into the COVID activities, all outpatient practices were virtually abolished (or at least sharply reduced): programmed admission were postponed, and elective surgery was limited to very selected cases requiring urgent oncologic treatment, trauma or emergency. 8 Monitoring pediatric EDs before COVID pandemic had clearly documented frequent overcrowding, resulting from inappropriate accesses for children deserving only primary care treatment. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced the Italian Government to act extreme measures that put the entire country under lockdown. The citizens experimented a radical transformation of their lives while the healthcare system started building a novel COVID-system that quickly dissolved the former organization, included pediatric healthcare network. For a number of reasons COVID-19 pandemic is polite with children; however, the fear of this unknown disease drove to develop dedicated pathways in the Pediatric Emergency Departments for the suspected and diagnosed cases of COVID-19, together with their relatives. The combination of conflicting feelings resulted in an unexpected scenario: the number of accesses to the pediatric Hospital or Unit(s) sharply dropped to less than half. How do we explain this phenomenon? The authors believe that our health care system may learn a lesson from the catastrophe of COVID, if we will be able to redesign our way of providing our cares to children. Nothing should be taken for granted, because this might be a real “time for a change”. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922713/ doi: 10.4081/pr.2020.8823 id: cord-338889-7hd3iibk author: Solbakk, Jan Helge title: Back to WHAT? The role of research ethics in pandemic times date: 2020-11-03 words: 11689.0 sentences: 709.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338889-7hd3iibk.txt summary: 10 Of the 10 standards laid down in this Code, and with which physician-researchers must comply when carrying out experiments on human subjects, standard 5, in particular, has become highly relevant these days due to pressure from influential medical stakeholders, agencies and bioethicists to permit the conduct of controlled human infection studies (CHIs), also labeled human challenge trials (HCTs), or challenge studies (CSs) to possibly shorten the development time of vaccines to protect against Covid-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic creates an unprecedented threatening situation worldwide with an urgent need for critical reflection and new knowledge production, but also a need for imminent action despite prevailing knowledge gaps and multilevel uncertainty. With regard to the role of research ethics in these pandemic times some argue in favor of exceptionalism, others, including the authors of this paper, emphasize the urgent need to remain committed to core ethical principles and fundamental human rights obligations all reflected in research regulations and guidelines carefully crafted over time. In this paper we disentangle some of the arguments put forward in the ongoing debate about Covid-19 human challenge studies (CHIs) and the concomitant role of health-related research ethics in pandemic times. We suggest it might be helpful to think through a lens differentiating between risk, strict uncertainty and ignorance. We provide some examples of lessons learned by harm done in the name of research in the past and discuss the relevance of this legacy in the current situation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33141289/ doi: 10.1007/s11019-020-09984-x id: cord-341197-e8m4oxma author: Soleimani, Abbas title: Effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on in-hospital outcomes of patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 words: 3647.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341197-e8m4oxma.txt summary: After adjustment for possible confounders, we found no independent association between taking ARBs and in-hospital outcomes except for acute kidney injury (AKI), in patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19, either hypertensive or not-hypertensive. CONCLUSIONS: We found that taking ARBs by patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 is not associated with poorer in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for possible confounders. After these adjustments, we found no independent association between taking ARBs and in-hospital outcomes except for the higher incidence of AKI, in patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19, either hypertensive or nothypertensive (Table 4 ). In this study, we found that taking ARBs in hypertensive patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 was not associated with mortality, severity, or any other in-hospital complication except for AKI. In this single-center observational study, we found that taking ARBs by patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 is not associated with poorer in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for possible confounders. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an ongoing controversy about harms and benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the unresolved debate, we investigated the association of ARBs with in-hospital outcomes of these patients. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we studied patients with COVID-19 who referred to Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from February 20 to May 29, 2020. Patients with either positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction test of swab specimens, or high clinical suspicion according to the World Health Organization's interim guidance were included. We followed-up patients for incurring death, severe COVID-19, and in-hospital complications. RESULTS: We evaluated 681 patients with COVID-19 of whom 37 patients were excluded due to incomplete medical records and 8 patients who used ACEIs which left 636 patients in the analysis. In this cohort, 108 (17.0%) patients expired and 407 (64.0%) patients incurred severe COVID-19. Of 254 (39.9%) patients with hypertension, 122 (48.0%) patients were receiving an ARB. After adjustment for possible confounders, we found no independent association between taking ARBs and in-hospital outcomes except for acute kidney injury (AKI), in patients with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19, either hypertensive or not-hypertensive. We found that discontinuation of ARBs during hospitalization was associated with a greater risk of mortality, invasive ventilation, and AKI (All P˂0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We found that taking ARBs by patients with hypertension and confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 is not associated with poorer in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for possible confounders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920644/ doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa149 id: cord-301677-b6mnn27h author: Soleimanian, Saeede title: Harnessing Memory NK Cell to Protect Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 9746.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301677-b6mnn27h.txt summary: In this regard, Natural Killer (NK) cells as essential front-line responders to many viral infections in humans have been proposed for a suitable therapeutic approach in severe COVID-19 patients, and several clinical trials have begun (Market et al., 2020) . In this line, Type I IFNs have a critical role in concert with pattern PRR signaling to prime innate and adaptive antiviral responses such as stimulating natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and production of proinflammatory cytokines (Samuel, 2001; Murira and Lamarre, 2016) . The detection of both SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and specific antibodies to viral proteins have thus far become significant for primary diagnosis infection and immunity in COVID-19 patients, respectively. in a pneumonia model of SARS in mice, mimicking features of the human disease, illustrated that mice depleted of both CD4 and CD8T cells, had the ability to control SARS-CoV replication in the lungs, suggesting an immune mechanism independent of T cells, and a role for innate antiviral response and NK cells, in viral clearance. abstract: The worldwide struggle against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health crisis continues to sweep across the globe. Up to now, effective antiviral treatment against COVID-19 is not available. Therefore, throughout virus infections, a thorough clarification of the virus-host immune system interactions will be most probably helpful to encounter these challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that just like SARS and MERS, COVID-19 primarily suppresses the innate immune system, enabling its stable propagation during the early stage of infection. Consequently, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines have been increasing during infection progression associated with severe lung pathology. It is imperative to consider hyper inflammation in vaccine designing, as vaccine-induced immune responses must have a protective role against infection without leading to immunopathology. Among the front-line responders to viral infections, Natural Killer (NK) cells have immense therapeutic potential, forming a bridge between innate and adaptive responses. A subset of NK cells exhibits putatively increased effector functions against viruses following pathogen-specific and immunization. Memory NK cells have higher cytotoxicity and effector activity, compared with the conventional NK cells. As a pioneering strategy, prompt accumulation and long‐term maintenance of these memory NK cells could be an efficacious viral treatment. According to the high prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the world, it remains to be determined whether HCMV adaptive NK cells could play a protective role against this new emerging virus. In addition, the new adaptive-like KIR+NKG2C+ NK cell subset (the adaptive-like lung tissue residue [tr]NK cell) in the context of the respiratory infection at this site could specifically exhibit the expansion upon COVID-19. Another aspect of NK cells we should note, utilizing modified NK cells such as allogeneic off-the-shelf CAR-NK cells as a state-of-the-art strategy for the treatment of COVID-19. In this line, we speculate introducing NKG2C into chimeric antigen receptors in NK cells might be a potential approach in future viral immunotherapy for emerging viruses. In this contribution, we will briefly discuss the current status and future perspective of NK cells, which provide to successfully exploit NK cell-mediated antiviral activity that may offer important new tools in COVID-19 treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.01309 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01309 id: cord-259244-svoakvic author: Soler, Zachary M. title: A primer on viral‐associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-09 words: 4327.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259244-svoakvic.txt summary: Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)‐associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. Patients presenting to specialized smell and taste clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)-associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. [12] [13] [14] The purpose of this primer is to provide a brief, practical overview of viral-associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID-19 will likely not be clear for some time. 20 Noting the high rates of spontaneous improvement in smell function over time, an epithelial based etiology is more likely given the known ability for the olfactory receptor neurons to regenerate after damage. The above recommendations are made with the expectation that formal evaluation by an otolaryngologist may not be immediately feasible for many patients with viral-associated smell loss during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly for those in severely impacted regions. abstract: Early reports have suggested that smell loss may be an early symptom associated with the pandemic known as COVID‐19. The possibility that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) might cause olfactory dysfunction is certainly plausible. Patients presenting to specialized smell clinics are commonly diagnosed with upper respiratory infection (URI)‐associated olfactory loss and most are presumed to be viral related. In acute phases of infection, it is common to experience some smell loss as a result of nasal inflammation, mucosal edema, and obstruction of airflow into the olfactory cleft. In most cases, these episodes of smell loss are self‐limiting and coincide with resolution of URI symptoms. However, in some cases the smell loss persists for months to years and this is presumed to occur through a more direct olfactory insult by the virus. It remains too early to know whether infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 causes persistent olfactory dysfunction. However, given the scale of this pandemic, if SARS‐CoV‐2 does cause chronic olfactory loss in even a small portion of those infected, then the overall population prevalence could be quite large. This review provides a brief, practical overview of viral‐associated olfactory loss, realizing that evidence related to COVID‐19 will likely not be clear for some time. Our goal is to highlight the existence and importance of this condition and provide information geared for both providers and patients. Practical suggestions regarding evaluation and treatment will be provided, realizing that there may be constraints on medical resources and the nature of this pandemic remains dynamic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22578 doi: 10.1002/alr.22578 id: cord-290456-cgrn5c36 author: Soliman, Mohamed A. R. title: Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective date: 2020-09-25 words: 4102.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290456-cgrn5c36.txt summary: [16] e aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with emergency endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of preoperative patients'' screening, surgical techniques, and intraoperative PPE utilization. e survey consisted of 12 questions designed to explore three domains; patients'' information (age, clinical manifestations [neurological and COVID-19 related], diagnosis, preoperative COVID-19 screening, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), surgical team information (age, chronic medical conditions, and COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery), and operative information (PPE utilization and basal craniectomy). ere was only one surgeon who developed a high-grade fever, malaise, and bony aches in the first 3 days after surgery who had undergone two nasopharyngeal swabs with RT-PCR testing 1 week apart and both came back negative representing 2.1% of the surgical team members [ Figure 2c ]. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primarily a respiratory disorder, the coronavirus pandemic has paralyzed almost all aspects of health-care delivery. Emergency procedures are likely continuing in most countries, however, some of them raises certain concerns to the surgeons such as the endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries. The aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with such cases at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical survey was distributed among neurosurgeons who performed emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cairo, Egypt, between May 8, 2020, and June 7, 2020. The survey entailed patients’ information (demographics, preoperative screening, and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), surgical team information (demographics and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), and operative information (personal protective equipment [PPE] utilization and basal craniectomy). RESULTS: Our survey was completed on June 7, 2020 (16 completed, 100% response rate). The patients were screened for COVID-19 preoperatively through complete blood cell (CBC) (100%), computed tomography (CT) chest (68.8%), chest examination (50%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (50%), and serological testing (6.3%). Only 18.8% of the surgical team utilized N95 mask and goggles, 12.5% utilized face shield, and none used PAPRs. Regarding the basal craniectomy, 81.3% used Kerrison Rongeur and chisel, 25% used a high-speed drill, and 6.3% used a mucosal shaver. None of the patients developed any COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery and one of the surgeons developed high fever with negative nasopharyngeal swabs. CONCLUSION: In developing countries with limited resources, preoperative screening using chest examination, CBC, and CT chest might be sufficient to replace Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Developing countries require adequate support with screening tests, PPE, and critical care equipment such as ventilators. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33093987/ doi: 10.25259/sni_547_2020 id: cord-254817-e1niin4m author: Solomon, Daniel H. title: The “Infodemic” of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-02 words: 1817.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254817-e1niin4m.txt summary: All rights reserved Some in the medical publishing world have observed an "infodemic" occurring alongside the pandemic. Two "front page" rheumatology examples and how their stories progressed demonstrate the infodemic: hydroxychloroquine and the cytokine storm. Three questions raised by these examples shine a light on the infodemic: 1) Did the scientific process during this phase of the COVID-19 pandemic progress in an appropriate manner? All rights reserved Few activities, including science, are best conducted as a "sprint." However, the COVID-19 pandemic killed so many people that speed was necessary. Many authors of COVID-19 papers can offer how the traditional review process did not work for them. Some of the communication problems have been with complex scientific issues: Does hydroxychloroquine work to prevent or treat COVID-19? Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 abstract: Some in the medical publishing world have observed an “infodemic” occurring alongside the pandemic. One might define an infodemic as a contagious disease infecting our information culture. As the Editors of A&R, tasked with conducting, reviewing, reporting, and translating science to the rheumatic disease community, we agree with this diagnosis. Herein, we reflect on how the pandemic has impacted A&R, the medical publishing world, and how we may best engage our community to navigate current challenges. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41468 doi: 10.1002/art.41468 id: cord-279290-wtnnlp4i author: Solorio-Pineda, Saúl title: Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? date: 2020-09-25 words: 1370.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279290-wtnnlp4i.txt summary: title: Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? BACKGROUND: In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) originated in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019. [6, 9] We decided to present the following remarkable case from a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy infected with SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, given the patient''s condition and his timely isolation in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) floor, it was not possible to perform a brain MRI scan. e CNS involvement in COVID-19 infection includes cerebrovascular events due to endothelial dysfunction, with pituitary apoplexy being an unusual presentation, a situation that should be confirmed in the future. Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual? abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 is known to be characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 27-year-old male patient case with progressive decrease in visual acuity, associated with respiratory symptoms and intense headache. Multilobar infiltrate with a reticulonodular pattern is evident on chest CT scan. Brain CT scan with pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy was shown. SARS-Cov2 was confirmed, and respiratory support initiated. However, the patient died shortly afterward, secondary to pulmonary complications. CONCLUSION: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) II receptor is expressed in circumventricular organs and in cerebrovascular endothelial cells, which play a role in vascular autoregulation and cerebral blood flow. For this reason, is rational the hypothesize that brain ACE II could be involved in COVID-19 infection. Underlying mechanisms require further elucidation in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_305_2020 doi: 10.25259/sni_305_2020 id: cord-346712-ky5gt3pu author: Soltan, A. A. title: Artificial intelligence driven assessment of routinely collected healthcare data is an effective screening test for COVID-19 in patients presenting to hospital date: 2020-07-08 words: 5759.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346712-ky5gt3pu.txt summary: In this study, we develop two early-detection models to identify COVID-19 using routinely collected data typically available within one hour (laboratory tests, blood gas and vital signs) during 115,394 emergency presentations and 72,310 admissions to hospital. The results are presented as percentages for categorical data and as median and interquartile range for age Table 3 shows a summary of the relative performance of models trained using each independent feature set at identifying presentations due to COVID-19, reported in terms of AUROC achieved during stratified 10-fold cross validation alongside standard deviations (SDs). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20148361 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 5 : Assessment of performance (SD) of (a) our ED and (b) Admissions models, calibrated to 70, 80 and 90% sensitivities during training, at identifying COVID-19 amongst patients presenting to or admitted hospital emergency departments in a heldout test set with 50% assumed prevalence. abstract: The early clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be difficult to distinguish from other undifferentiated medical presentations to hospital, however viral specific real- time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing has limited sensitivity and can take up to 48 hours for operational reasons. In this study, we develop two early-detection models to identify COVID-19 using routinely collected data typically available within one hour (laboratory tests, blood gas and vital signs) during 115,394 emergency presentations and 72,310 admissions to hospital. Our emergency department (ED) model achieved 77.4% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (AUROC 0.939) for COVID- 19 amongst all patients attending hospital, and Admissions model achieved 77.4% sensitivity and 94.8% specificity (AUROC 0.940) for the subset admitted to hospital. Both models achieve high negative predictive values (>99%) across a range of prevalences (<5%), facilitating rapid exclusion during triage to guide infection control. We prospectively validated our models across all patients presenting and admitted to a large UK teaching hospital group in a two-week test period, achieving 92.3% (n= 3,326, NPV: 97.6%, AUROC: 0.881) and 92.5% accuracy (n=1,715, NPV: 97.7%, AUROC: 0.871) in comparison to RT-PCR results. Sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty in negative PCR results improves apparent accuracy (95.1% and 94.1%) and NPV (99.0% and 98.5%). Our artificial intelligence models perform effectively as a screening test for COVID-19 in emergency departments and hospital admission units, offering high impact in settings where rapid testing is unavailable. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.20148361v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148361 id: cord-267332-xc6dcb93 author: Soltani, Marwa title: Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report date: 2020-06-26 words: 945.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267332-xc6dcb93.txt summary: title: Biventricular thrombi associated with myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19: a case report We describe a COVID-19 patient who presented with subacute myocardial infarction, biventricular thrombi and bilateral pulmonary emboli. A wide spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations has been documented in patients suffering from COVID-19 such as thrombo-embolic events, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and cardiogenic shock 1 and they are associated with poor prognosis. We describe a patient with COVID-19 who presented with subacute myocardial infarction and bilateral pulmonary emboli associated with biventricular thrombi. Left ventriculography revealed severe ventricular dysfunction with extended anterolateral akinesis, apical aneurysm and thrombus (Fig. 1b) . This COVID-19 patient had an extensive anterior myocardial infarction with severe systolic dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of biventricular thrombi after myocardial infarction in a patient with COVID-19. Left Ventricular Thrombus in Patients With Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction abstract: A wide spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations has been documented in patients suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Usually associated with a poor prognosis, these manifestations include thrombo-embolic events, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We describe a COVID-19 patient who presented with subacute myocardial infarction, biventricular thrombi and bilateral pulmonary emboli. Biventricular thrombi are rare, and their presence raises concern for an underlying prothrombotic condition. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32599017/ doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.016 id: cord-269031-sz8ieltb author: Solé, G title: Guidance for the care of neuromuscular patients during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network date: 2020-04-20 words: 5744.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269031-sz8ieltb.txt summary: Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. The main addressed topics pertain to the disease itself, its mode of transmission, the official national public health recommendations to prevent it, the behaviors to adopt in case symptoms appear, and its consequences specific to the neuromuscular patient (e.g., relating to the management of steroids and immunosuppressor treatments, medical appointments, rehabilitation, and 6 ventilation). abstract: Abstract In France, the epidemic phase of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in February 2020 and resulted in the implementation of emergency measures and a degradation in the organization of neuromuscular reference centers. In this special context, the French Rare Health Care for Neuromuscular Diseases Network (FILNEMUS) has established guidance in an attempt to homogenize the management of neuromuscular (NM) patients within the French territory. Hospitalization should be reserved for emergencies, the conduct of treatments that cannot be postponed, check-ups for which the diagnostic delay may result in a loss of survival chance, and cardiorespiratory assessments for which the delay could be detrimental to the patient. A national strategy was adopted during a period of 1 to 2 months concerning treatments usually administered in hospitalization. NM patients treated with steroid/ immunosuppressants for a dysimmune pathology should continue all of their treatments in the absence of any manifestations suggestive of COVID-19. A frequently asked questions (FAQ) sheet has been compiled and updated on the FILNEMUS website. Various support systems for self-rehabilitation and guided exercises have been also provided on the website. In the context of NM diseases, particular attention must be paid to two experimental COVID-19 treatments, hydroxycholoroquine and azithromycin: risk of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis and QT prolongation in patients with pre-existing cardiac involvement. The unfavorable emergency context related to COVID-19 may specially affect the potential for intensive care admission (ICU) for people with NMD. In order to preserve the fairest medical decision, a multidisciplinary working group has listed the neuromuscular diseases with a good prognosis, usually eligible for resuscitation admission in ICU and, for other NM conditions, the positive criteria suggesting a good prognosis. Adaptation of the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) make it possible to limit nebulization and continue using NIV in ventilator-dependent patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.004 id: cord-285490-tpsf05ca author: Solís, José Gabriel title: Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm date: 2020-07-29 words: 1793.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285490-tpsf05ca.txt summary: title: Case Report: Rhabdomyolysis in a Patient with COVID-19: A Proposed Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm He developed acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy without reversibility, despite optimal treatment. 2 We report the case of a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who presented with rhabdomyolysis as a cardinal manifestation, discuss the possible mechanisms, and propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. Laboratory tests revealed grade 3 acute kidney injury (AKI) with a creatinine level of 11 mg/dL (basal value 0.7 mg/dL); increased blood levels of creatine kinase (CK) (> 400,000 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase; and electrolyte disturbances with hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and severe metabolic acidosis. The underlying cause of muscle injury must be identified and treated, which is difficult in patients with COVID-19 because there is no specific therapy. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis and renal replacement therapy: a critical review abstract: COVID-19 represents the greatest health challenge of modern years. The spectrum of illness comprises respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations. We report the case of an adult man with COVID-19 who presented with rhabdomyolysis as a principal extrapulmonary manifestation. Our patient presented with dyspnea, fever, and muscle pain. After a comprehensive approach, the diagnosis of COVID-19 and rhabdomyolysis was made. He developed acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy without reversibility, despite optimal treatment. We performed a literature search for similar cases, discuss the potential mechanisms implied, and propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0692 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0692 id: cord-336922-ent5oimq author: Solís, Patricio title: COVID-19 Fatality and Comorbidity Risk Factors among Confirmed Patients in Mexico date: 2020-04-25 words: 2524.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336922-ent5oimq.txt summary: In this paper we estimate fatality risks based on survival analysis methods, calculated from individual-level data on symptomatic patients confirmed with COVID-19 recently released by the Mexican Ministry of Health. In the case of Mexico, the federal Ministry of Health (Secretaría de Salud) recently made public individual-level data of patients attended in medical units across the country who tested positive for COVID-19. This information, which is updated on a daily basis, allows us to estimate fatality risks for COVID-19 patients using survival analysis, as well as the possible effects of basic demographic factors, the presence of comorbidities and the type of medical institution on the risk of death. In this paper we apply survival analysis methods to estimate the COVID-19 fatality risk and associated risk factors for symptomatic confirmed patients of COVID-19 in Mexico, using individual-level data recently released by the Ministry of Health. abstract: As of April 18, 2020, 2.16 million patients in the world had been tested positive with Coronavirus (COVID-19) and 146,088 had died, which accounts for a case fatality rate of 6.76%. In Mexico, according to official statistics (April 18), 7,497 cases have been confirmed with 650 deaths, for a case fatality rate of 8.67%. These estimates, however, may not reflect the final fatality risk among COVID-19 confirmed patients, because they are based on cross-sectional counts of diagnosed and deceased patients, and therefore are not adjusted by time of exposure and right-censorship. In this paper we estimate fatality risks based on survival analysis methods, calculated from individual-level data on symptomatic patients confirmed with COVID-19 recently released by the Mexican Ministry of Health. The estimated fatality risk after 35 days of onset of symptoms is 12.38% (95% CI: 11.37-13.47). Fatality risks sharply rise with age, and significantly increase for males (59%) and individuals with comorbidities (38%-168%, depending on the disease). Two reasons may explain the high COVID-19 related fatality risk observed in Mexico, despite its younger age structure: the high selectivity and self-selectivity in testing and the high prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.20074591 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.21.20074591 id: cord-292620-t8ocqm6g author: Somani, S. title: Characterization of Patients Who Return to Hospital Following Discharge from Hospitalization For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 2768.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292620-t8ocqm6g.txt summary: Methods and Findings: Retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 discharged alive from five hospitals in New York City with index hospitalization between February 27th-April 12th, 2020, with follow-up of [≥]14 days. Of 2,864 discharged patients, 103 (3.6%) returned for emergency care after a median of 4.5 days, with 56 requiring inpatient readmission. Patients who returned had higher proportion of COPD and hypertension with shorter LOS on index hospitalization, and a trend towards lower rates of in-hospital treatment-dose anticoagulation. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.17.20104604 doi: medRxiv preprint Certain index hospitalization laboratory values on discharge differed among patients who returned vs. Finally, returning patients had shorter LOS on index hospitalization with notably a lower frequency of ICU care and inpatient anticoagulation. Among patients discharged following admission for COVID-19, the rate of return to hospital was relatively low, with only half requiring readmission. abstract: Background: Data on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who return to hospital after discharge are scarce. Characterization of these patients may inform post-hospitalization care. Methods and Findings: Retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 discharged alive from five hospitals in New York City with index hospitalization between February 27th-April 12th, 2020, with follow-up of [≥]14 days. Significance was defined as P<0.05 after multiplying P by 125 study-wide comparisons. Of 2,864 discharged patients, 103 (3.6%) returned for emergency care after a median of 4.5 days, with 56 requiring inpatient readmission. The most common reason for return was respiratory distress (50%). Compared to patients who did not return, among those who returned there was a higher proportion of COPD (6.8% vs 2.9%) and hypertension (36% vs 22.1%). Patients who returned also had a shorter median length of stay (LOS) during index hospitalization (4.5 [2.9,9.1] vs. 6.7 [3.5, 11.5] days; Padjusted=0.006), and were less likely to have required intensive care on index hospitalization (5.8% vs 19%; Padjusted=0.001). A trend towards association between absence of in-hospital anticoagulation on index admission and return to hospital was also observed (20.9% vs 30.9%, Padjusted=0.064). On readmission, rates of intensive care and death were 5.8% and 3.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Return to hospital after admission for COVID-19 was infrequent within 14 days of discharge. The most common cause for return was respiratory distress. Patients who returned had higher proportion of COPD and hypertension with shorter LOS on index hospitalization, and a trend towards lower rates of in-hospital treatment-dose anticoagulation. Future studies should focus on whether these comorbid conditions, longer LOS and anticoagulation are associated with reduced readmissions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.17.20104604v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.17.20104604 id: cord-260274-c3586tp6 author: Somers, Emily C title: Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-11 words: 3645.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260274-c3586tp6.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence. At our institution, IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab is considered for patients with severe COVID-19 and suspected hyperinflammation based on rapidly worsening respiratory status and elevated inflammatory markers, with the majority of usage occurring in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Using our COVID-19 Rapid Response Registry infrastructure, we performed an observational study of outcomes in patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation, comparing those treated with tocilizumab with those who were not. In this observational, controlled study of patients with severe COVID-19 necessitating mechanical ventilation, receipt of tocilizumab was independently associated with improved survival. To date, the risk of superinfection in mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 remains poorly described and the incremental risk associated with a single dose of tocilizumab is not well characterized. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 can manifest in rapid decompensation and respiratory failure with elevated inflammatory markers, consistent with cytokine release syndrome for which IL-6 blockade is approved treatment. METHODS: We assessed effectiveness and safety of IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab in a single-center cohort of patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. The primary endpoint was survival probability post-intubation; secondary analyses included an ordinal illness severity scale integrating superinfections. Outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab compared to tocilizumab-untreated controls were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression with propensity score inverse probability weighting (IPTW). RESULTS: 154 patients were included, of whom 78 received tocilizumab and 76 did not. Median follow-up was 47 days (range 28-67). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, although tocilizumab-treated patients were younger (mean 55 vs. 60 years), less likely to have chronic pulmonary disease (10% vs. 28%), and had lower D-dimer values at time of intubation (median 2.4 vs. 6.5 mg/dL). In IPTW-adjusted models, tocilizumab was associated with a 45% reduction in hazard of death [hazard ratio 0.55 (95% CI 0.33, 0.90)] and improved status on the ordinal outcome scale [odds ratio per 1-level increase: 0.58 (0.36, 0.94)]. Though tocilizumab was associated with an increased proportion of patients with superinfections (54% vs. 26%; p<0.001), there was no difference in 28-day case fatality rate among tocilizumab-treated patients with versus without superinfection [22% vs. 15%; p=0.42]. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for ~50% of bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa954 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa954 id: cord-297757-3pvstiz6 author: Sominsky, Luba title: One size does not fit all – Patterns of vulnerability and resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic and why heterogeneity of disease matters date: 2020-03-20 words: 1998.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297757-3pvstiz6.txt summary: While the most vulnerable population to suffer severe outcomes of respiratory viruses other than coronaviruses are typically older adults, people suffering from chronic medical conditions, and children, in the case of COVID-19 there have so far been no fatalities in children aged 0-9 years of age in China. Preliminary statistics from Italy''s outbreak of COVID-19, currently the second most affected country outside of China with the highest case-fatality ratio to date of approximately 7%, similarly suggest children are not likely to be at high risk of severe disease (EpiCentro, 2020). Although the current pandemic is arguably too new to have produced reliable statistics on population demographics on the world stage, the emerging pattern of resilience to severe outcomes of COVID-19 in children is puzzling considering what we know of other viruses, such as influenza and measles. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120303664 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.016 id: cord-304576-ds3udegk author: Sommerstein, Rami title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Do Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect? date: 2020-04-01 words: 1458.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304576-ds3udegk.txt summary: Most patients with cardiovascular comorbidities qualify for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy. 4 Of note, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the receptor angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) 2 for entry into target cells. 17, 18, 19 In animal studies, ACEIs and ARBs have been shown in rodents to increase the expression of ACE2 mRNA in different organs and tissues, including heart, kidney, and the aorta. However, no significant differences in expression levels were observed in patients treated with ARBs. 22 Beside age and sex, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus may upregulate ACE2. 25, 26 Similarly, in animal studies, ACEIs/ ARBs have been shown to upregulate ACE2 activity; thereby, they may possibly be favorable once patients are infected with COVID-19. Possibly, we are dealing here with a doubleedged sword, depending on the phase of the disease: increased baseline ACE2 expression could potentially increase infectivity and ACEI/ARB use would be an addressable risk factor. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.016509 doi: 10.1161/jaha.120.016509 id: cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author: Sondermann, Elena title: The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 words: 4640.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt summary: In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. Through the linkage of health to "security against threats" the narrative of health security operates with a logic of exceptionalism: (external, also distant) health issues (i.e. infectious diseases) are perceived as positing severe or extraordinary danger to the physical well-being of individuals or entire societies, a threat to the normal (economic, cultural, financial) way of life in a country. This narrative of securing against infectious diseases is inherent to mainstream framing of health security and has provided the context and repertoire for emplotment regarding the Coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 is a prime example of how the logic of exceptionalism is shaping and limiting the K The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after responses to it: The range of policy choices is still primarily focused on emergency measures (see Fig. 3 ). abstract: Narratives and metaphors shape how actors perceive the world around them and how policymakers frame the range of policy choices they think of as feasible. The metaphor of war and the narrative of how to tackle the unprecedented threat of COVID-19 are effective mechanisms to convey urgency. However, they also bear serious implications: Thinking in terms of health threats works with a logic of exceptionalism, which supports images of “us” vs. an “enemy” thereby shortening complex lines of causality and responsibility and privileging national answers. It fails to provide for a normative framework for drafting long-term systemic approaches. In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. We conceptualize an alternative narrative that is based on the logic of solidarity and argue that within this alternative framing a more sustainable and ultimately more just way of coping with infectious diseases will be possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650575/ doi: 10.1007/s42597-020-00049-7 id: cord-350468-32qin4ak author: Song, Cong-Ying title: Immune dysfunction following COVID-19, especially in severe patients date: 2020-09-28 words: 2958.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350468-32qin4ak.txt summary: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4(+) cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were risk factors for severe cases. Afterward, the CD4 + cell count (P = 0.015), NLR (P = 0.032) and D-dimer (P = 0.016) were considered the independent risk factors of the severe COVID-19 cases (Table 3) www.nature.com/scientificreports/ To evaluate the predictive value of CT score, CPIS, and three independent risk factors, the ROC curve analysis was performed (Fig. 7) . In our study, we compared clinical characteristics between healthy people and COVID-19 patients, and then compared these features between severe and mild cases. Parameters including CD4 + T cell count, NLR, and D-dimer, CT score, and CPIS had quite great value for predicting disease severity, which could be considered in early warning of severe patients. Several studies have shown that severe SARS-CoV-2-infected patients have a higher NLR 11, 12 , an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients 13 . abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide. Severe cases quickly progressed with unfavorable outcomes. We aim to investigate the clinical features of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors associated with its progression. Data of confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and healthy participants were collected. Thirty-seven healthy people and 79 confirmed patients, which include 48 severe patients and 31 mild patients, were recruited. COVID-19 patients presented with dysregulated immune response (decreased T, B, and NK cells and increased inflammatory cytokines). Also, they were found to have increased levels of white blood cell, neutrophil count, and D-dimer in severe cases. Moreover, lymphocyte, CD4(+) T cell, CD8(+) T cell, NK cell, and B cell counts were lower in the severe group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4(+) cell count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer were risk factors for severe cases. Both CT score and clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were associated with disease severity. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis has shown that all these parameters and scores had quite a high predictive value. Immune dysfunction plays critical roles in disease progression. Early and constant surveillance of complete blood cell count, T lymphocyte subsets, coagulation function, CT scan and CPIS was recommended for early screening of severe cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72718-9 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72718-9 id: cord-292144-jprbp1ua author: Song, Haitao title: Using traveller-derived cases in Henan Province to quantify the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-04 words: 3868.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292144-jprbp1ua.txt summary: Based on the dynamical analysis and data fitting, the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan is estimated and the effects of control measures including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are investigated. [10] developed a mathematical model base on the epidemiology of COVID-19, computed the basic reproduction number, predicted the final size of COVID-19 in China, and investigated the effects of isolation of healthy people, confirmed cases and close contacts on the transmission of COVID-19 in China. To estimate the spread of COVID-19 by January 23 and assess the effectiveness of control measures including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE, a mathematical model with immigration from Wuhan to Henan Province is built. Using the mathematical model, the size of the epidemic on January 23 is estimated, the peak time and value, and the cumulative number of cases without interventions including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are simulated, and the effectiveness of interventions is assessed. abstract: Wuhan shutdown was implemented on January 23 and the first level response to public health emergencies (FLRPHE) was launched over the country, and then China got the outbreak of COVID-19 under control. A mathematical model is established to study the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan. This research investigates the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and assesses the effectiveness of control measures including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE. Based on the dynamical analysis and data fitting, the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan is estimated and the effects of control measures including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are investigated. According to the assumptions, the basic reproduction number for COVID-19 estimated that for Wuhan equal to 7.53 and there are [Formula: see text] infectious people in Wuhan as of January 23. The interventions including the Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE reduce the size of peak and the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan by 99%. The extraordinary efforts implemented by China effectively contain the transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health in China. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 doi: 10.1007/s11071-020-05859-1 id: cord-290814-j3sp3dq9 author: Song, Jehun title: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-20 words: 1918.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290814-j3sp3dq9.txt summary: title: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The higher susceptibility of RA patients to infections could be explained by several endogenous and exogenous risk factors, including (1) the dysregulation of the immune system by the disease itself, (2) presence of immunocompromising comorbidities, and/or (3) immunosuppressive medications such as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) [3] . The C-reactive protein levels were slightly elevated ( Table 1, HD 3) , and chest X-ray showed the haziness on the right lower lung area (Fig. 1b) , suggesting the development of COVID-19 pneumonia. Previous reports demonstrated that the steroid treatment was related with higher mortality of patients with a viral infection such as influenza pneumonia [12] and that steroid use was associated with delayed coronavirus RNA clearance of both Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [13] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [14] . abstract: In December 2019, numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported in Wuhan, China, which has since spread throughout the world. However, its impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is unknown. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The patient presented with a 4-day history of myalgia and febrile sensation. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chest X-ray showed increased opacity on the right lower lung area, and C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. The patient was treated with antiviral agents (lopinavir/ritonavir), and treatment with cDMARDs was discontinued except hydroxychloroquine. Her symptoms and laboratory results gradually improved. Three weeks later, real-time PCR for COVID-19 showed negative conversion, and the patient was discharged without any complications. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04584-7 doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04584-7 id: cord-330918-hsy8h1vb author: Song, Jia title: A Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly and Younger Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 2940.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330918-hsy8h1vb.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare these parameters in an elderly group with those in a younger group. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, as well as the treatments and outcomes of a series of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, and to compare these parameters in an elderly group (aged ≥ 60 years) with those in a younger group (aged < 60 years). This retrospective, single-center observational study included patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the Puai Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 14, 2020 to February 26, 2020. This single-center observational study included 69 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID 19, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between elderly patients (aged ³60 years) and younger patients (aged <60 years). abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare these parameters in an elderly group with those in a younger group. MATERIAL/METHODS: This retrospective, single-center observational study included 69 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China, between January 14, 2020, and February 26, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as treatments, complications, and outcomes were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) and younger patients (aged <60 years). Patients were followed until March 19, 2020. RESULTS: Elderly patients had more complications than younger patients, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; 9/25, 36% vs. 5/44, 11.4%) and cardiac injury (7/25, 28% vs. 1/44, 2.3%), and they were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (6/25, 24% vs. 2/44, 4.5%). As of March 19, 2020, 60/69 (87%) of the patients had been discharged, 6/69 (8.7%) had died, and 3/69 (4.3%) remained in the hospital. Of those who were discharged or died, the median duration of hospitalization was 13.5 days (interquartile range, 10–18 days). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to develop ARDS and cardiac injury than younger patients and were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit. In addition to routine monitoring and respiratory support, cardiac monitoring and supportive care should be a focus in elderly patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720649/ doi: 10.12659/msm.925047 id: cord-268075-kbislbx0 author: Song, Limin title: Cardiovascular Changes in Patients With COVID-19 From Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-02 words: 4052.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268075-kbislbx0.txt summary: Alternatively, ascending aortic dilation and LA enlargement might be present before infection but characterized the patient at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acute pneumonia is associated with an increased risk for cardiac complications at all levels of infection severity (4) . In this study, we retrospectively collected and analyzed detailed clinical data from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to the Union Hospital (Wuhan, China). Myocardial injury associated with the SARS-CoV-2 occurred in five of the first 41 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan, which mainly manifested as an increase in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels (2) . In summary, we have shown that hypertension is a common comorbidity among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and cardiac injury was the most common complication. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading and resulting in a significant loss of life around the world. However, specific information characterizing cardiovascular changes in COVID-19 is limited. Methods: In this single-centered, observational study, we enrolled 38 adult patients with COVID-19 from February 10 to March 13, 2020. Clinical records, laboratory findings, echocardiography, and electrocardiogram reports were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 38 patients enrolled, the median age was 68 years [interquartile range (IQR), 55–74] with a slight female majority (21, 55.3%). Nineteen (50.0%) patients had hypertension. Seven (33.3%) had ST-T segment and T wave changes, and four (19%) had sinus tachycardia. Twenty (52.6%) had an increase in ascending aorta (AAO) diameter, 22 (57.9%) had an increase in left atrium (LA) size, and 28 (73.7%) presented with ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Correlation analysis showed that the AAO diameter was significantly associated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.4313) and creatine kinase-MB (r = 0.0414). LA enlargement was significantly associated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.4377), brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.7612), creatine kinase-MB (r = 0.4940), and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.2947). Lymphocyte count was negatively associated with the AAO diameter (r = −0.5329) and LA enlargement (r = −0.3894). Conclusions: Hypertension was a common comorbidity among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and cardiac injury was the most common complication. Changes in cardiac structure and function manifested mainly in the left heart and AAO in these patients. Abnormal AAO and LA size were found to be associated with severe inflammation and cardiac injury. Alternatively, ascending aortic dilation and LA enlargement might be present before infection but characterized the patient at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102532/ doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00150 id: cord-329898-g6og7oid author: Song, Rok title: COVID-19 in Nursing Facilities: Experience in Republic of Korea date: 2020-08-17 words: 1719.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329898-g6og7oid.txt summary: A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area. METHODS: The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020. An epidemiological investigation was conducted into 5 nursing facilities that reported a considerably high number of COVID-19 infected patients and thus required close management. As of May 16 th , 2020, a total of 74 COVID-19 infection cases were identified among 296 nursing facility users and workers. If a person was identified to have particularly close and/or frequent contact with an infected patient, or had symptoms related to COVID-19, that person was quarantined alone in a room, and designated caregivers were assigned with PPE (such as level D protection suits) to care for them. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in nursing facilities can easily lead to a high rate of infection and fatality. A surge in newly infected cases in the first quarter of 2020 in Gyeongsan-si, in the Republic of Korea, was followed by several outbreaks in nursing facilities in the same area. The aim of this study is to report on the epidemiological investigation and the management to reduce the infection rate in nursing facilities for older adults. METHODS: The municipal government and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed an epidemiological investigation into 5 nursing facilities that reported a high number of COVID-19 infection cases from February to May 2020. COVID-19 infected cases in the facilities were investigated to identify the infection routes, and the fatality rate of the 5 facilities. RESULTS: The 5 facilities had a combined fatality rate of 12.2% (9 deceased among the 74 infected cases). The median age of the deceased was 87 years old (range: 82–91). The infection was first identified on February 27(th), 2020, peaked on March 6(th), and was last detected on March 24(th), 2020. CONCLUSION: Difficulties specific to such facilities included the delay in the recognition of symptoms and limitation in distancing. Tailored strategies such as daily monitoring of symptoms and proactive COVID-19 screening of quarantined residents, contributed to a decline in the infections in the facilities. url: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.04 doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.04 id: cord-284879-sjkni2uc author: Song, Suk-Kyoon title: IgG Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among Individuals without a History of the Coronavirus Disease Infection in Daegu, Korea date: 2020-07-16 words: 2559.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284879-sjkni2uc.txt summary: METHODS: Serologic testing for immunoglobulin G antibody based on immunochromatographic assay was conducted in 103 patients and 95 guardians aged 18 to 82 years without any history of COVID-19 diagnosis, who visited outpatient clinics of a single university-affiliated hospital from May 25 to June 5, 2020. 4-15 However, a significant fraction of the population has developed antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that the infection is much more pervasive than implied by the number of confirmed cases. Next, we compared seroprevalence among subgroups stratified by characteristics of study subjects, including age (< 40, 40-59, ≥ 60 years), gender, body mass index (BMI) (< 25, ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), smoking history (current, previous, never), history of doctor-diagnosed diabetes or hypertension (yes, no), reason for the current hospital visit (patient, guardian), and the presence of COVID-19 confirmed cases among close contacts (yes, no). abstract: BACKGROUND: Seroprevalence studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from many countries have shown that the number of undiagnosed missing cases is much larger than that of confirmed cases, irrespective of seroprevalence levels. Considering the strategy of Korea entailing massive testing and contact tracing from the beginning of epidemic, the number of undiagnosed missing cases in Korea may be negligible. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among individuals who were never diagnosed with COVID-19 in Daegu, the epicenter of COVID-19 epidemic in Korea. METHODS: Serologic testing for immunoglobulin G antibody based on immunochromatographic assay was conducted in 103 patients and 95 guardians aged 18 to 82 years without any history of COVID-19 diagnosis, who visited outpatient clinics of a single university-affiliated hospital from May 25 to June 5, 2020. RESULTS: The estimated seroprevalence was 7.6% (95% confidence interval, 4.3%–12.2%) with 15 positive cases. Among them, only one had a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed case among their close contacts and 13 did not experience COVID-19-related symptoms. Seroprevalence was similar between patients and guardians. Based on this figure, the number of undiagnosed missing cases in Daegu was estimated to be a dozen times more than the number of confirmed cases based on PCR testing. CONCLUSION: Despite the limitation of a small and unrepresentative sample, this is the first study on seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Korea. Our study suggested that the number of undiagnosed missing cases was substantial even with the stringent strategy adopted in Korea, similar to that of other countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32715672/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e269 id: cord-305858-gp1u4kh7 author: Song, Xiang title: High expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on tissue macrophages that may be targeted by virus SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-19 words: 4896.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305858-gp1u4kh7.txt summary: To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. To determine whether platelets were directly targeted by SARS-CoV-2 or trigged by viral inflammatory reactions, we examined the ACE2 expression on the highly-purified CD41b + CD42a + platelets from human peripheral blood ( Figure 3A Our previous work established that platelets could release mitochondria contributing to the immune modulation and islet b-cell regeneration [13] . Thus, the virus-infected alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and SARS [28] [29] [30] and may recruit the lung infiltration of additional immune cells through predominantly releasing cytokines and chemokines [31, 32] , resulting in pulmonary edema and hypoxemia: the hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( Figure 6 ). abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) has been recognized as the binding receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that infects host cells, causing the development of the new coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). To better understand the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and build up the host anti-viral immunity, we examined the levels of ACE2 expression on different types of immune cells including tissue macrophages. Flow cytometry demonstrated that there was little to no expression of ACE2 on most of the human peripheral blood-derived immune cells including CD4+ T, CD8+ T, activated CD4+ T, activated CD8+ T, CD4+CD25+CD127low/− regulatory T cells (Tregs), Th17 cells, NKT cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and granulocytes. Additionally, there was no ACE2 expression (< 1%) found on platelets. Compared with interleukin-4-treated type 2 macrophages (M2), the ACE2 expression was markedly increased on the activated type 1 macrophages (M1) after the stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that high expressions of ACE2 were colocalized with tissue macrophages, such as alveolar macrophages found within the lungs and Kupffer cells within livers of mice. Flow cytometry confirmed the very low level of ACE2 expression on human primary pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. These data indicate that alveolar macrophages, as the frontline immune cells, may be directly targeted by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore need to be considered for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.18.210120 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.18.210120 id: cord-344688-uu3b529c author: Song, Xue-Jun title: Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned date: 2020-04-22 words: 2377.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344688-uu3b529c.txt summary: In the initial stages of the pandemic spanning late January to early February, medical systems in Wuhan faced overwhelming shortages of health care workers and key medical resources including medical-grade personal protective equipment, as well as limited space in hospitals for managing the surge of patients with COVID-19. With the help of public health systems, we were able to keep most patients home and provide them with necessary medical services including telemedicine support. Telemedicine became a convenient and effective way to provide necessary medical services to patients with chronic pain during the initial periods of the epidemic, as it allowed patients with nonemergent conditions to remain at home and allowed hospitalized patients who had been discharged early to maintain continuity of care. The epidemic provided many medical professionals an opportunity to incorporate telemedicine into pain management for the first time due to the urgent need for remote health care services. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa143 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa143 id: cord-320632-369kax2m author: Song, Yang title: COVID-19 Treatment: Close to a Cure? – A Rapid Review of Pharmacotherapies for the Novel Coronavirus date: 2020-07-04 words: 5659.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320632-369kax2m.txt summary: The selection of medications in this review is based the 7 th edition of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guideline issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the People''s Republic of China ( Table 2) and relevant clinical studies. In a phase 2 open-label COVID-19 trial, which enrolled 127 patients from 6 Hong Kong hospitals, Hung and his colleagues compared triple therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg PO every 12 hours, ribavirin 400 mg PO every 12 hours, and interferon β-1b 8 million IU SQ on alternative days) with a control group of LPV/r [33] . During the 2013 SARS epidemic, observational studies and case reports described IVIG for the treatment of critically ill patients in combination with antiviral therapies. In a COVID-19 case series study, the combination of umifenovir, lopinavir/ritonavir and traditional Chinese medicine alleviated pneumonia symptoms in all four patients and decreased viral load to undetectable in two [68] . abstract: Currently, there is no approved therapy for COVID-19. The World Health Organization therefore endorse supportive care only. However, frontline clinicians and researchers have been experimenting with several virus-based and host-based therapeutics since the outbreak in China. China's National Health Commission has issued the first COVID-19 Treatment Guideline with therapy suggestions (7(th) edition attached) which inspired following clinical studies worldwide. Major therapeutics are evaluated in this review. Key evidence from in vitro researches, animal models and clinical researches in emerging coronaviruses are examined. Antiviral therapies remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and umifenovir, if considered, could be initiated before the peak of viral replication for optimal outcomes. Ribavirin may be beneficial as an add-on therapy and is ineffective as a monotherapy. Corticosteroids use should be limited to indicating comorbidities. IVIG is not recommended due to lack of data in COVID-19. Xuebijing may benefit patients with complications of bacterial pneumonia or sepsis. The efficacy of interferon is unclear due to conflicting outcomes in coronavirus studies. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have shown in vitro inhibition of SARS-CoV-2, and the studies on clinical efficacy and whether the benefits outweigh the risk of dysrhythmias remain inconclusive. For patients who developed cytokine release syndrome, interleukin-6 inhibitors may be beneficial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32634603/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106080 id: cord-268897-vqbreyna author: Song, Young Goo title: COVID-19, A Clinical Syndrome Manifesting as Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis date: 2020-03-10 words: 876.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268897-vqbreyna.txt summary: Considering the high attack rate and aggressive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a concern that more serious diseases may develop due to a mutated type of the virus. 3) Usually responded well to steroid treatment (personal communications) Radiology and pathology examinations of patients with COVID-19 revealed inflammatory reactions in the lung that resembled what is observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis rather than in other viral pneumonia [3, 4] . We believe that there is an urgent need to establish a better sophisticated treatment strategy for COVID-19, because there may be a serious risk owing to the subtle mutations of the virus, which can lead to a more aggressive spread and more severe immunologic reaction in the host. Considering our current understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical features of HP, the treatment strategy for COVID-19 needs to be tailored according to the patient''s age and immune status. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32153144/ doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.1.110 id: cord-252531-i3b647wv author: Song, Zaiwei title: Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience date: 2020-04-03 words: 3531.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252531-i3b647wv.txt summary: Results Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. For COVID-19 patients receiving centralized hospitalized treatment, pharmaceutical care services are https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027 Received 31 March 2020; Accepted 31 March 2020 indispensable supplement for clinical treatment and management, which is of great significance for improving the level of drug therapy, improving patient''s outcome and promoting the overall pandemic control. Based on the Chinese perspective of "centralizing COVID-19 patients and centralized inpatient treatment", the paper established a pharmaceutical care framework of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, including participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT), providing emotional counselling and psychological support and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. abstract: Abstract Objective To discuss hospital pharmacists’ role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Method Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients’ needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Results Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients’ outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120303144 doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027 id: cord-315159-c9n8cro3 author: Soni, Vivek Kumar title: Fight COVID-19 depression with immunity booster: Curcumin for psychoneuroimmunomodulation date: 2020-09-01 words: 790.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315159-c9n8cro3.txt summary: Beyond infection, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals through associated anxiety and stress and caused a collateral damage (Tandon, 2020) . Known for immunoboosting aptitude, curcumin can alleviate the COVID-19 associated ill-effects including cytokine storm (Liu and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Ying, 2020) . Depression-disorders in COVID-19 prevention measuresdriven social distort are possibly brought by oxidative stress . The potential of curcumin containing nutraceutical in COVID-19 has been predicted both through PNI modulation and ''meaning response'' . Moreover, curcumin can alleviate the overt inflammatory consequences (Vishvakarma, 2014; Soni et al., 2020) , even those associated with COVID-19 (Liu and Ying, 2020) , and thus will improve physical wellbeing. Curcumin can improve the hematopoietic differentiation of immune cells (Vishvakarma 2020), antidepressant effect, and neurogenesis (Zalachoras et al., 2020, Lopresti and Drummond, 2017) may also improve the mood function and ward off anxiety abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32916441/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102378 id: cord-281804-lhnw8jx5 author: Sonis, Jonathan D. title: Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion date: 2020-04-24 words: 1987.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281804-lhnw8jx5.txt summary: While video and telephonic alternatives to bedside evaluation may facilitate communication with patients while maintaining physical separation to limit healthcare worker exposure and preserve PPE, these solutions may not be as effective in older patients, who commonly have hearing and visual impairment, challenges with manual dexterity due to arthritis, and cognitive impairment, all of which impede effective use of such technology. 22 Not only will reducing variability improve adherence to isolation and other outpatient management recommendations, but providing frontline staff with comprehensive, pre-written instructions reduces the work burden associated with individual patient discharges and allows for the inclusion of extended information surrounding expected disease course, follow-up planning, and support resources for those suffering from the psychological effects of isolation or requiring local resources such as access to food. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47596 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47596 id: cord-254993-bndl93qr author: Sonnweber, Thomas title: Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients’ performance: a prospective observational cohort study date: 2020-10-21 words: 3684.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254993-bndl93qr.txt summary: To shed light on the regulation of iron metabolism and its impact on monocyte immune effector functions at the cellular level, we investigated the mRNA expression of key mediators of iron homeostasis as well as cytokine expression in PBMCs. In line with serum hepcidin measurements, we also found increased hepcidin mRNA (HAMP, for hepcidin antimicrobial peptide) expression in PBMCs isolated from subjects who previously had severe to critical COVID-19 as compared to those who suffered from milder disease (Fig. 2) . In contrast, the immune effector function of PBMCs was related to COVID-19 severity, as mononuclear cells obtained from patients, who suffered from severe to critical disease, demonstrated higher levels of interleukin 10 (IL10, p = 0.044) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF, p = 0.024) mRNA expression as compared to subjects with a milder course of COVID-19 (Fig. 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with hyperinflammation and hyperferritinemia. The latter is related to increased mortality in COVID-19. Still, it is not clear if iron dysmetabolism is mechanistically linked to COVID-19 pathobiology. METHODS: We herein present data from the ongoing prospective, multicentre, observational CovILD cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04416100), which systematically follows up patients after COVID-19. 109 participants were evaluated 60 days after onset of first COVID-19 symptoms including clinical examination, chest computed tomography and laboratory testing. RESULTS: We investigated subjects with mild to critical COVID-19, of which the majority received hospital treatment. 60 days after disease onset, 30% of subjects still presented with iron deficiency and 9% had anemia, mostly categorized as anemia of inflammation. Anemic patients had increased levels of inflammation markers such as interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein and survived a more severe course of COVID-19. Hyperferritinemia was still present in 38% of all individuals and was more frequent in subjects with preceding severe or critical COVID-19. Analysis of the mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated a correlation of increased ferritin and cytokine mRNA expression in these patients. Finally, persisting hyperferritinemia was significantly associated with severe lung pathologies in computed tomography scans and a decreased performance status as compared to patients without hyperferritinemia. DISCUSSION: Alterations of iron homeostasis can persist for at least two months after the onset of COVID-19 and are closely associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and impaired physical performance. Determination of serum iron parameters may thus be a easy to access measure to monitor the resolution of COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04416100. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33087116/ doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01546-2 id: cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author: Soofi, Moslem title: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 3381.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt summary: Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. While multiple biases are identified in the field of behavioral economics, in this paper we focus on six that tend to be particularly relevant to COVID-19-related behaviors: present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior. It seems that health messages intended to encourage people to engage in COVID-19-preventive behaviors (e.g., social distancing) should be framed in terms of gains, such as "If you wash your hands properly/ follow social distancing policy/adhere to the stay-at-home policy, you will increase the chances of yourself and your family having a long, healthy life." This paper can improve our understanding of the decision-making biases that can be applied as entry points in public health policies and interventions for the prevention of COVID-19. abstract: The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive behaviors is a central focus of public health policies that seek to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a number of insights from behavioral economics that help explain why people may behave irrationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior are discussed. We hope this paper will shed light on how insights from behavioral economics can enrich public health policies and interventions in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 id: cord-262694-bltihsbt author: Sookramanien, Sabrina Pamela title: Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology - letter to the editor on “Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)”: A correspondence date: 2020-06-02 words: 1074.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262694-bltihsbt.txt summary: title: Provisions for Obstetrics and Gynaecology letter to the editor on "Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice Part 2 (surgical prioritisation)": A correspondence In this letter, we lay out proposed changes to guidelines of antenatal care and gynaecological surgery and provide an insight into the disproportionately negative experiences of black and minority ethnic (BAME) women regarding obstetrics and gynaecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic [1] . In response to disproportionately negative maternal care experience of BAME women, the RCM and RCOG have worked to raise awareness of ongoing maternal services and access to facilities where available [2, 3] . Where surgical termination of pregnancy is required and deferral would result in gestational cut-offs being exceeded, RCOG advises procedures to take place regardless of COVID-19 infection status with appropriate infection prevention and control measures in place, if safe considering the patient''s clinical condition [4, 5] . Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice -Part 2 (surgical prioritisation) abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1743919120304659 doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.082 id: cord-340725-xy74wd6j author: Sora, Federica title: SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION date: 2020-07-23 words: 998.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340725-xy74wd6j.txt summary: title: SARS COV 2 INFECTION IN CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: SEVERE HEMATOLOGICAL PRESENTATION We describe a case of life‐threatening COVID-19 infection complicated by severe anemia in patients affected also by chronic myelogenous leukemia. We describe a case of life-threatening COVID-19 infection complicated by severe anemia in patients affected also by chronic myelogenous leukemia . This inflammatory process called "cytokine storm" is a life-threatening complication of COVID 19 infection. This inflammatory process called "cytokine storm" is a life-threatening complication of COVID 19 infection. In this case severe immunohematological consequences during SARS-COV-2 are reported and recognition of this complications are probably underestimated, as a matter of fact in May 2020, 9 cases of AIHA and SARS-COV2 infection were published (3) (4) (5) and only 3 of them showed cold antibodies mainly in the context of a lymphoproliferative disorder (6). abstract: Abstract Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19), has caused a pandemic. Few data are available about the risk of COVID-19 infection in persons with hematological cancer, but controversy whether these persons have the same clinical signs and outcomes. We describe a case of life‐threatening COVID-19 infection complicated by severe anemia in patients affected also by chronic myelogenous leukemia. The screening for RBC antibodies and the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) turned positive. The identification of the antibodies, showed the presence of an alloantibody with anti-Lewis b specificity, which was reactive at room temperature, in the anti-human globulin phase (AGH) and with papain-treated red blood cells. At the same time hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), on the basis of major laboratory findings including hyperferritnemia, increase of triglicerides levels and according to the HLH score was suspected. Patients received antiviral therapy, steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Hemolysis resolved and ferritin dramatically decreased after administration of Ig and a Afull recovery was achieved after viral infection resolution.This case highlights the novel and multifaceted hematological findings during sever COVID 19 infection. COVID 19-related pneumonia is mediated by hyper activation of effector T cells and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1, interferon-gamma, and TNF. This inflammatory process called "cytokine storm" is a life-threatening complication of COVID 19 infection. In this case severe immunohematological consequences are reported for the first time and recognition of this complications are probably underestimated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828694/ doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102881 id: cord-348573-uyuazdhk author: Soraci, Paolo title: Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale date: 2020-05-04 words: 3929.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348573-uyuazdhk.txt summary: METHODS: The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia–Adult (SMSP-A). The statistical analyses carried out were as follows: (i) descriptive statistics of the FCV-19S items (i.e., means and standard deviations of the main items); (ii) construct and criterion validity of the Italian FCV-19S; (iii) the reliability of the scale, examined via composite reliability (CR) (e.g., CR values greater than 0.7 are associated with good test reliability; Fornell and Larcker 1981; Netemeyer et al. The total score of the FCV-19S was correlated with variables that have been formerly associated with fear of COVID-19 (i.e., anxiety and depression; Ahorsu et al. Concurrent validity was supported by the HADS (anxiety and depression levels among participants) and SMSP-A (phobia among participants) as indicated by the significant positive correlations for both scales (p < .001). abstract: BACKGROUND: The advent of COVID-19 worldwide has led to consequences for people’s health, both physical and psychological, such as fear and anxiety. This is the case in Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Given the heightened fear concerning COVID-19 in Italy., the present study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). METHODS: The sample comprised 250 Italian participants who were administered Italian versions of the FCV-19S, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Severity Measure for Specific Phobia–Adult (SMSP-A). Several psychometric tests were performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the test including confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of the data showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and confirmed the scale’s unidimensional properties. The seven FCV-19S items had acceptable correlations with the test total (from .443 to .784). Furthermore, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .684 to .897). The internal consistency was very good (α = .871). Construct validity for the FCV-19S was supported by significant and positive correlations with the HADS (r=.649) and SMSP-A (r=.703). CONCLUSIONS: The Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale is valid and reliable in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general Italian population. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1 id: cord-030771-0x0d56fb author: Sorenson, Corinna title: Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date: 2020-08-21 words: 2813.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt summary: The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. The coming months offer a unique and critical window for providers and health systems, and the stakeholders who support and interact with them, to take short-and long-term steps to reduce waste and build a better system that prioritizes high-quality, high-value care. • Code sets or specifications to measure a range of low-value care services in Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial claims data Leveraging alternative care pathways and care sites, such as telehealth, home-based care, and community-based care, can also help keep patients out of the ED and provide alternatives to lowvalue and wasteful care. Policymakers should create opportunities for providers, health systems, and payers to pilot innovative models that reduce low-value care and reflect the new Covid-19 reality, integrating telehealth and a wider range of health care professionals. abstract: The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442284/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0368 id: cord-271810-7uzk4pi9 author: Soriano, Joan B. title: Humanistic Epidemiology: Love in the time of cholera, COVID-19 and other outbreaks date: 2020-04-25 words: 1946.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271810-7uzk4pi9.txt summary: To date, I have seen residents choosing to stay longer after finishing a 24-h duty to try and save one more critically ill patient; auxiliary nurses improvising aprons and boots with trash bags, who, on finally receiving their space suits, posed for posterity like a football team, always with a ready smile (Fig. 1) ; residents in Neurology, Immunology or Pathology becoming Chest Medicine residents; medical students volunteering to learn the practicalities of lung mechanics and gas exchange; a Department Head creating a blog aimed at praising individuals for outstanding bravery and commitment; or I have been privileged to lead a small Think Tank including nurses, doctors, physicists, engineers and other friends who from Saturday March 14 have met on a daily basis to brainstorm initiatives by videoconference at 7 am, just before seeing patients or awakening their families. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32335765/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00639-y id: cord-294579-qjga5nmd author: Sornsa-ard, Tuanrit title: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation date: 2020-04-24 words: 875.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294579-qjga5nmd.txt summary: Patients who require spine surgery should receive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening to prevent nosocomial cross-infection before surgery. This article aims to propose a treatment algorithm for the management of traumatic spine fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic. Operative treatment with full PPE and infection control measures is very important when a patient is detected to have CO-VID-19 by PCR testing. Patients without symptoms and at low risk of exposure to COVID-19 can be given a surgical face mask to prevent hospital-acquired infections. This is in contrast to the previous review, "Advice on standardized diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, " which suggested that chest computed tomography and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test should be performed three days before surgery [3, 6] . Advice on standardized diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic abstract: The coronavirus outbreak was labeled a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020. Patients who require spine surgery should receive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening to prevent nosocomial cross-infection before surgery. However, spine fracture and spinal injury are critical and serious, and there are no standard protocols for management. This article aims to propose a treatment algorithm for the management of traumatic spine fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326671/ doi: 10.31616/asj.2019.0183 id: cord-277568-eqgxk63s author: Sory, Barry Ibrahima title: Impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national date: 2020-10-01 words: 1980.0 sentences: 163.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277568-eqgxk63s.txt summary: Il s''agissait d''une étude rétrospective descriptive allant de Janvier 2020 et Avril 2020, portant sur les activités de consultation et d''hospitalisation dans le service de cardiologie de l''hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry. Durant cette étude allant de Mars à Avril 2020,nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation contre 450 patients pour les deux mois précédant la déclaration officielle de la pandémie en Guinée soit une baisse de 71,1% (320 patients). Durant cette étude allant de Mars à Avril 2020,nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation contre 450 patients pour les deux mois précédant la déclaration officielle de la pandémie en Guinée soit une baisse de 71,1% (320 patients). Entre Mars et Avril 2020, nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation externe contre 450 patients pour les deux mois qui ont précédé le début de la pandémie en Guinée (Janvier à Février 2020), soit une baisse de 71,1 % (320 patients). abstract: La nouvelle pandémie de coronavirus (COVID-19) est la principale crise sanitaire mondiale de notre époque et la plus grande menace à laquelle nous avons été confrontés au cours de ce siècle. Selon l’agence nationale de la sécurité sanitaire (ANSS) qui est l’organe national chargé de la gestion des épidémies et des pandémies, 1927 cas de COVID 19 ont été confirmés, 11 decès avec plus de 4000 sujets contacts. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les activités du service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective descriptive allant de Janvier 2020 et Avril 2020, portant sur les activités de consultation et d’hospitalisation dans le service de cardiologie de l’hôpital national Ignace Deen du CHU de Conakry. L’étude a consisté à évaluer l’impact de la pandémie sur l’utilisation du service par les patients durant les premières semaines de la pandémie. Nous avons recensé la fréquence des consultations et des hospitalisations du mois de Mars au mois d’Avril 2020, que nous avons comparé à la fréquence des consultations et des hospitalisation des mois de Janvier et Février 2020. Durant cette étude allant de Mars à Avril 2020,nous avons recensé 130 patients en consultation contre 450 patients pour les deux mois précédant la déclaration officielle de la pandémie en Guinée soit une baisse de 71,1% (320 patients). La même remarque a été faite en hospitalisation avec une baisse de 75% (35 patients contre 140 pour les deux mois précédents la pandémie). En ce début de pandémie de covid-19 en Guinée, force est de constater une baisse rapide et significative de l’utilisation effective du service de cardiologie. The new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is the main global health crisis of our time and the greatest threat we have faced in this century. According to the National Health Security Agency (ANSS), which is the national body responsible for managing epidemics and pandemics, 1,927 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed, 11 deaths with more than 4,000 contact subjects. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of the cardiology department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital at the Conakry University Hospital. This was a descriptive retrospective study from January 2020 and April 2020, focusing on consultation and hospitalization activities in the cardiology department of Ignace Deen National Hospital at Conakry University Hospital. The study consisted of assessing the impact of the pandemic on patient use of the service during the first weeks of the pandemic. We recorded the frequency of consultations and hospitalizations from March to April 2020, which we compared to the frequency of consultations and hospitalizations in January and February 2020.During this study from March to April 2020, we identified 130 patients in consultation against 450 patients for the two months preceding the official declaration of the pandemic in Guinea, a drop of 71.1% (320 patients). The same remark was made in hospitalization with a drop of 75 % (35 patients against 140 for the two months preceding the pandemic). At the start of the covid-19 pandemic in Guinea, it is clear that there has been a rapid and significant drop in the effective use of the cardiology service. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0003392820301505 doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.041 id: cord-258195-6172d95c author: Souadka, Amine title: Oncological Surgery During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: The Need for Deep and Lasting Measures date: 2020-06-23 words: 670.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258195-6172d95c.txt summary: We acknowledge the international collaborative group [1] for proposing international guidelines for the management of patients with cancer during COVID-19, with concrete and practical approaches toward prioritization frameworks for managing the ethical challenges of treating patients with cancer. To date, all the various recommendations issued by oncological societies reacting to this unprecedented situation [2] seek safety considerations and prioritizing frameworks for patients with cancer requiring treatment in SARS-CoV-2 endemic areas [3] . In surgical oncology, most guidelines propose an urgent response to the salient questions related to this situation through delaying nonurgent treatment, offering less invasive treatments to patients who are waiting for surgery, prioritizing curative care, and adjusting activity to supplies and human resources [4] . The COVID-19 outbreak has already overwhelmed health system capacity, especially cancer centers around the world, and it may last [8] . A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: An international collaborative group abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has overwhelmed health system capacity and affected cancer centers worldwide. This letter to the editor proposes the need to prepare for a long‐lasting battle. url: https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0360 doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0360 id: cord-254465-y8n7t8rx author: Soulat-Dufour, Laurie title: Left ventricular ejection fraction: an additional risk marker in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 words: 637.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254465-y8n7t8rx.txt summary: Data from 39 consecutive patients admitted for acute pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who had two-dimensional echocardiography performed on the day of admission were retrospectively analysed. At admission to intensive care, patients who underwent intubation or died, compared with survivors, had a significantly higher respiratory rate, lower haemoglobin level, higher Creactive protein concentration, higher peak concentrations of cardiac biomarkers (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (all P < 0.05) (Table) . A recent study showed that right ventricular function evaluated using strain imaging in a population of patients with COVID-19 with no history of cardiomyopathy was associated with a poorer prognosis [4] . Beyond the complexity of the mechanisms of cardiac involvement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, the non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function, while respecting protection rules and precautions, could be a simple parameter to refine their short-term prognosis. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S187521362030214X doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.08.002 id: cord-288508-749im18d author: Sourdin, Tania title: Court Innovations and Access to Justice in Times of Crisis date: 2020-08-30 words: 5092.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288508-749im18d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288508-749im18d.txt summary: In response to COVID-19, many courts rapidly adopted supportive technologies that enabled video conferencing and at times the exchange of documentation using web-based platforms that include Teams, Skype, Zoom, Google Hangouts and WebEx. Some courts already had existing online filing systems and were, therefore, more prepared for remote working arrangements. Others have however struggled with video conferencing, including data privacy and security-related concerns, and the particular difficulties that arise in relation to jury hearings 5 [3] .Outside courts, where much justice work takes place, online dispute resolution (ODR) arrangements, became an increasingly important focus as delays increased in many court systems. The current scale of the public health crisis has required countries to develop innovative responses to protect people''s right to health by establishing social distancing rules, while also ensuring respect for other human rights including access to court services and justice more broadly. abstract: BACKGROUND: : COVID-19 has disrupted not only the health sector but also justice systems. Courts around the world have had to respond quickly to the challenges presented by the pandemic and the associated social distancing restrictions. This has created significant challenges for the justice system and such challenges are likely to be further compounded in the post-pandemic era as there is a ‘tsunami’ of COVID-19-related disputes predicted. METHODS: : This study will examine how global court responses have transitioned from being primarily traditional, face-to-face proceedings to online court processes (as supported by internet technology). By adopting a comparative approach, we will analyse how some countries have adopted to this shift to online mode while also maintaining a focus on access to justice. RESULTS: : We argue that online modes of dispute resolution, often referred to as Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), can promote resolution while facilitating social distancing in this new COVID-era. The rapid shift from traditional court processes to an online mode has further assisted the public, lawyers and experts to access the justice system in some jurisdictions, even during the crisis. In light of the scale of recent changes, there have been concerns about the capacity of courts to adopt newer technologies as well as issues relating to the impact of a new online model of justice, particularly in terms of the barriers for more vulnerable members of society. Further, the use of disruptive technologies in some courts have posed questions around whether outcomes generated by these innovations reflect the meaning of ‘justice’ in its traditional sense. CONCLUSIONS: : This article argues that courts should embrace newer technologies that support court services while being mindful of possible tech-related issues that can impact on justice objectives. We argue that by placing further emphasis on alternative dispute resolution methods and ODR into the future, this might offset the likely tsunami of COVID-related litigation which would enable courts, hospitals, medical professionals and patients to settle disputes in a just, equitable and more efficient manner. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.020 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.020 id: cord-267402-kca05rvz author: South, Kieron title: Preceding infection and risk of stroke: An old concept revived by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: 6248.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267402-kca05rvz.txt summary: What follows herein is a detailed summary of the current literature surrounding COVID-19, encompassing the immune and inflammatory responses to infection, thrombotic manifestations and vascular consequences of infection with a focus on possible mechanisms by which these elements may contribute to acute stroke events. 89 This is not the case in COVID-19 (and the previous SARS outbreak) and a recent retrospective cohort study has suggested an incidence of stroke 7-8 times higher in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection compared with those hospitalized by influenza, 90 supporting the possibility of a SARS-CoV-2-driven hyper-coagulant state. [91] [92] [93] Obesity, in particular, is emerging as a prominent risk factor in the development of severe COVID-19 disease and is generally associated with increased incidence and increased severity of respiratory viral infection. Notably, the cytokine IL-33 is persistently elevated in obese individuals and is capable of stimulating endothelial cells to release pro-coagulant tissue factor 97 which may expose them to more severe COVID-19 disease and/or stroke. abstract: Anecdotal reports and clinical observations have recently emerged suggesting a relationship between COVID-19 disease and stroke, highlighting the possibility that infected individuals may be more susceptible to cerebrovascular events. In this review we draw on emerging studies of the current pandemic and data from earlier, viral epidemics, to describe possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may influence the prevalence of stroke, with a focus on the thromboinflammatory pathways, which may be perturbed. Some of these potential mechanisms are not novel but are, in fact, long-standing hypotheses linking stroke with preceding infection that are yet to be confirmed. The current pandemic may present a renewed opportunity to better understand the relationship between infection and stroke and possible underlying mechanisms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32618498/ doi: 10.1177/1747493020943815 id: cord-281603-3308f8hm author: Souza, William Marciel de title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date: 2020-04-29 words: 3883.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281603-3308f8hm.txt summary: Methods: Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. To investigate individual-level diagnostic, demographic, self-reported travel history, place of residence and likely place of infection, differential diagnosis for other respiratory pathogens, as well as clinical details, including comorbidities, we collected case data notified to the REDCap database 8 from February 25 to March 25, 2020. We showed that during the first month of COVID-19 in Brazil, only 33·1% of the reported confirmed cases were conducted in public health laboratories. abstract: Background: The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on February 25, 2020. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. Basic reproduction numbers (R0) were investigated for Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify symptoms associated with confirmed cases and risk factors associated with hospitalization. Laboratory diagnosis for eight respiratory viruses were obtained for 2,429 cases. Findings: By March 25, 1,468 confirmed cases were notified in Brazil, of whom 10% (147 of 1,468) were hospitalised. Of the cases acquired locally (77.8%), two thirds (66.9% of 5,746) were confirmed in private laboratories. Overall, positive association between higher per capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified. The median age of detected cases was 39 years (IQR 30-53). The median R0 was 2.9 for Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Cardiovascular disease/hypertension were associated with hospitalization. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses, including influenza A and B and human rhinovirus was detected in low levels. Interpretation: Socioeconomic disparity determines access to SARS-CoV-2 testing in Brazil. The lower median age of infection and hospitalization compared to other countries is expected due to a younger population structure. Enhanced surveillance of respiratory pathogens across socioeconomic statuses is essential to better understand and halt SARS-CoV-2 transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 id: cord-324185-zt88o3co author: Sovacool, Benjamin K. title: Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date: 2020-10-31 words: 7229.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324185-zt88o3co.txt summary: Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ). abstract: Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly overwhelmed our societies, shocked the global economy and overburdened struggling health care systems and other social institutions around the world. While such impacts of Covid-19 are becoming clearer, the implications of the disease for energy and climate policy are more prosaic. This Special Section seeks to offer more clarity on the emerging connections between Covid-19 and energy supply and demand, energy governance, future low-carbon transitions, social justice, and even the practice of research methodology. It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change? How has the disease shaped institutional responses and varying energy policy frameworks, especially in Africa? How will the disease impact ongoing social practices, innovations and sustainability transitions, including not only renewable energy but also mobility? How might the disease, and social responses to it, exacerbate underlying patterns of energy poverty, energy vulnerability, and energy injustice? Lastly, what challenges and insights does the pandemic offer for the practice of research, and for future research methodology? We find that without careful guidance and consideration, the brave new age wrought by Covid-19 could very well collapse in on itself with bloated stimulus packages that counter sustainability goals, misaligned incentives that exacerbate climate change, the entrenchment of unsustainable practices, and acute and troubling consequences for vulnerable groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 id: cord-294336-fqobpo47 author: Soy, Mehmet title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a review inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-25 words: 5792.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294336-fqobpo47.txt summary: This paper aims to review the pathogenesis and the clinical picture of HLH, and its severe complication, the cytokine storm, with a special emphasis on the developed classification criteria sets for rheumatologists, since COVID-19 infection has clinical symptoms resembling those of the common rheumatologic conditions and possibly triggers HLH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) comprises two different conditions that may be difficult to distinguish from one another: A primary form that occurs due to genetic disorders and a secondary form that is triggered by various infections, autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, or chemicals [1, 2] . In this review, we aim to contribute to the rheumatologists'' awareness of the life-threatening rare complication of HLH, the cytokine storm, to prevent a possible misdiagnosis in the presence of the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 resembling or mimicking to that of an underlying or a new-onset rheumatological condition. abstract: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an acute and rapidly progressive systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by cytopenia, excessive cytokine production, and hyperferritinemia. Common clinical manifestations of HLH are acute unremitting fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and multiorgan failure. Due to a massive cytokine release, this clinical condition is considered as a cytokine storm syndrome. HPS has primary and acquired (secondary, reactive) forms. Its primary form is mostly seen in childhood and caused by various mutations with genetic inheritance and, therefore, is called familial HLH. Secondary HLH may be caused in the presence of an underlying disorder, that is, secondary to a malignant, infectious, or autoimmune/autoinflammatory stimulus. This paper aims to review the pathogenesis and the clinical picture of HLH, and its severe complication, the cytokine storm, with a special emphasis on the developed classification criteria sets for rheumatologists, since COVID-19 infection has clinical symptoms resembling those of the common rheumatologic conditions and possibly triggers HLH. MED-LINE/Pubmed was searched from inception to April 2020, and the following terms were used for data searching: “hemophagocytic syndrome” OR “macrophage activation syndrome” OR “hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis”, OR “cytokine storm”. Finally, AND “COVID-19” was included in this algorithm. The selection is restricted to the past 5 years and limited numbers of earlier key references were manually selected. Only full-text manuscripts, published in an English language peer-reviewed journal were included. Manuscript selection procedure and numbers are given in Fig. 2. Briefly, the database search with the following terms of “Hemophagocytic syndrome” OR “Macrophage activation syndrome” OR “Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis” OR “Cytokine storm” yielded 6744 results from inception to April 2020. The selection is restricted to the past 5 years and only limited numbers of earlier key references were selected, and this algorithm resulted in 3080 manuscripts. The addition of (AND “COVID-19”) resulted in 115 publications of which 47 studies, together with four sections of an online book were used in the final review. No statistical method was used. HLH is triggered by genetic conditions, infections, malignancies, autoimmune-autoinflammatory diseases, and some drugs. In COVID-19 patients, secondary HLH and cytokine storm may be responsible for unexplained progressive fever, cytopenia, ARDS, neurological and renal impairment. Differentiation between the primary and secondary forms of HLH is utterly important, since primary form of HLH requires complicated treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Further studies addressing the performance of HScore and other recommendations in the classification of these patients is necessary. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04636-y doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04636-y id: cord-314229-9k2dd95b author: Spaccaferri, G. title: Cas groupés d’infections au nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) aux Contamines-Montjoie, Haute-Savoie, janvier–février 2020 date: 2020-09-30 words: 1971.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314229-9k2dd95b.txt summary: Matériels et méthodes Un cas possible était défini comme tout patient présentant des signes cliniques d''infection respiratoire aiguë et ayant un lien avec le cas index ou avec un cas confirmé lié à ce cas index ; un cas confirmé était un cas possible avec un prélèvement positif par RT-PCR à SARS-CoV-2. Cinq autres touristes anglais ayant séjourné dans le chalet après le départ du cas index ont été en contact avec les cas confirmés symptomatiques : l''un d''eux a été confirmé positif à SARS-CoV-2 le 15/02, traduisant une seconde chaîne de transmission au sein du chalet ; aucun des 6 cas confirmés en France ne présentaient alors de signe de gravité. Introduction Peu de cas de COVID-19 chez des patients infectés par le VIH ont été rapportés dans la littérature. abstract: Introduction Le 7/02/2020, Santé publique France a été informée via European Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) d’un cas confirmé d’infection au nouveau coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) chez un anglais infecté à Singapour. Ce cas index était symptomatique durant son séjour en Haute-Savoie du 24 au 28/01 où il a résidé dans 2 logements successifs. Il ne s’est signalé qu’après son retour en Angleterre, où le diagnostic de COVID-19 a été confirmé. Matériels et méthodes Un cas possible était défini comme tout patient présentant des signes cliniques d’infection respiratoire aiguë et ayant un lien avec le cas index ou avec un cas confirmé lié à ce cas index ; un cas confirmé était un cas possible avec un prélèvement positif par RT-PCR à SARS-CoV-2. Les cas confirmés ont été interrogés par Santé publique France et l’Agence régionale de santé pour documenter les caractéristiques cliniques et identifier leurs contacts durant leur période symptomatique. Les sujets contacts identifiés ont été interrogés pour évaluer leur niveau d’exposition permettant de les classer en 3 catégories de risque (modéré/élevé, faible et négligeable) puis de leur transmettre les consignes (adaptées à leur catégorie de risque) d’isolement et de surveillance de leur état de santé. Résultats Le cas index a séjourné dans un chalet avec 10 autres touristes anglais et une famille de 5 anglais (2 adultes et 3 enfants) résidant en France dans un autre appartement de ce chalet. Parmi ces 16 personnes, 12 ont été testées positives pour le SARS-CoV-2 : 6 en Angleterre (dont le cas index), 5 en France (dont un enfant) et 1 en Espagne, soit un taux d’attaque global de 75 %. Cinq autres touristes anglais ayant séjourné dans le chalet après le départ du cas index ont été en contact avec les cas confirmés symptomatiques : l’un d’eux a été confirmé positif à SARS-CoV-2 le 15/02, traduisant une seconde chaîne de transmission au sein du chalet ; aucun des 6 cas confirmés en France ne présentaient alors de signe de gravité. Au 16/02, 169 sujets contacts ont été recensés dont 70 ont rapporté des symptômes et classés comme cas possibles : 67 ont été testés négatifs. Parmi ces contacts, 46 % étaient en lien avec trois écoles et un club sportif fréquentés par le cas pédiatrique confirmé. Conclusion Il s’agit du premier cluster large documenté en France qui aura été remarquable par le nombre élevé de cas dans l’environnement confiné du chalet (au 16/02, n =13 : 1 cas index, 11 cas secondaires et 1 cas tertiaire), le nombre important de sujets contacts suivis, et son caractère international (3 pays concernés). url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X20303061 doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.142 id: cord-274510-fo7p98np author: Spadera, Lucrezia title: Potential Role of GcMAF in suppressing the severity of COVID-19-induced immune responses: lesson learned from HIV date: 2020-09-24 words: 4050.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274510-fo7p98np.txt summary: Based on the aforementioned findings and on documented analogies between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV [13] , we hypothesized that the reduced conversion activity of the Gc protein (human groupspecific component (Gc)) into the macrophage activating factor (MAF) could have a key role in the dysregulate immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, just like for HIV infected patients [14] [15] . In particular, based on their antiviral activity [68] , chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, initially conceived as antimalarial therapeutics, were proposed to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19, better if associated to azithromycin, showing promising efficacy in "inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, improving lung imaging findings, promoting a virus negative conversion and shortening the disease course" [69] [70] . So, in sight of this, given its multifunctional properties, we believe that GcMAF could have a very important role in the pathophysiology of organ damage induced by SARS-CoV-2, providing explanations which are consistent with the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings observed in patients with COVID-19. Effects of vitamin D(3)-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on angiogenesis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030698772031392X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110293 id: cord-281500-5mm1nnwv author: Spadera, Lucrezia title: Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey date: 2020-08-04 words: 3619.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281500-5mm1nnwv.txt summary: The questionnaire was composed of five sections: (a) respondents'' workplace, age, and sex of the patient; (b) general information about the risk of exposure to COVID-19, asking to specify if the patient is a healthcare professional; (c) clinical information: onset of symptoms, grade of olfactory loss (OL) with three subjective levels (mild, moderate, and severe/complete), presence or absence of: ageusia, hypogeusia and/or dysgeusia gathered together under the name of "taste symptoms"; nasal discharge and/or congestion, other accompanying symptoms (e.g., fever, fatigue, dry cough, dyspnoea, and myalgia), comorbidities and complications; d) execution and results of nasopharyngeal (NP)/oropharyngeal (OP) swab; e) short description about the clinical case. The mean time of SOL onset before or after the first typical COVID-19 symptom (fever, dry cough, and dyspnoea) was 2.4 days (SD ± 2.7); anosmia/hyposmia occurred as the first symptom in 46.7% of cases, as sole symptom in 16.7% of cases or in association with other clinical manifestations in 31.2% of patients. abstract: PURPOSE: The presence of many asymptomatic COVID-19 cases may increase the risks of disease dissemination, mainly for physicians. There are numerous reports on the frequent findings of sudden anosmia or hyposmia, before or at the same time of the typical COVID-19 symptoms onset. The aim of this study was to verify the association of olfactory impairment and COVID-19, providing a basis for subsequent research in the field of COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity. METHODS: We developed a 15-item online questionnaire on “Sudden Olfactory Loss (SOL) and COVID-19” that was administered during March 2020 to Italian general practitioners registered to a social media group. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty responses were received. SOL was identified as a significant sign of infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly aged between 30 and 40 years, even in the absence of other symptoms. SOL was present as an initial symptom in 46.7% of subjects, and in 16.7%, it was the only symptom. Among the COVID-19 confirmed cases, SOL occurred as the only symptom in 19.2% of patients. CONCLUSION: SOL could represent a possible early symptom in otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects. Subjects affected by SOL should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749606/ doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06252-9 id: cord-321302-eowo2mt0 author: Spaetgens, Bart title: The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective date: 2020-06-29 words: 387.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321302-eowo2mt0.txt summary: authors: Spaetgens, Bart; Brouns, Steffie H.; Schols, Jos M.G.A. title: The Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Crisis in the Aftermath of COVID-19: a Dutch Perspective Morbidity and 7 mortality in nursing homes that suffered outbreaks of COVID-19 has been high 8 despite the fact that Dutch nursing home care benefits from well-developed care 9 infrastructures that are fully integrated in the national health sector. 2 Despite this, the 10 nursing home sector was overshadowed by the huge national attention for COVID-19 11 in acute hospital care, resulting in evident shortages of personal protective 12 equipment (PPE) and the inability to develop an adequate testing policy due to a too 13 low national test capacity as well. on behalf of AMDA -The Society for Post-acute 75 and Long-term Care Medicine. Allowing visitors back in the nursing home during the COVID-19 crisis -A Dutch 97 national study into first experiences and impact on well-being abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1525861020305685 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.045 id: cord-267268-50h13gso author: Spagnolo, Paolo title: Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? date: 2020-05-15 words: 984.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267268-50h13gso.txt summary: 3 The mechanisms through which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes lung damage are only partly known, but plausible contributors include a cytokine release syndrome triggered by the viral antigen, drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, and high airway pressure and hyperoxiainduced acute lung injury secondary to mechanical ventilation. To date, about 1·2 million people worldwide have recovered from COVID-19, but there remains concern that some organs, including the lungs, might have long-term impairment following infection (figure). In a study of 36 patients who had recovered from MERS, chest x-rays taken a median of 43 (range 32-320) days after hospital discharge showed abnormalities described as lung fibrosis in about a third of the patients. Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30222-8 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30222-8 id: cord-347607-ydbyonbg author: Spagnuolo, Rocco title: COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patient Knowledge and Perceptions in a Single Center Survey date: 2020-08-13 words: 3726.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347607-ydbyonbg.txt summary: The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: (1) anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) IBD management, (4) prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to perform a survey about knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, knowledge of disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during the pandemic among patients with IBD. The questionnaire was defined and organized into five sections, dealing with: (1) demographic and clinical characteristic, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) knowledge about management of IBD, (4) knowledge of prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic, respectively. abstract: Background and objectives: Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection from China to countries with a higher prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has generated concern among gastroenterologists and patients. The aim of this survey is to evaluate knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, disease management, prevention measures, and anxiety level during pandemic among patients with IBD. Material and methods: From 15th March to 15th April 2020, a questionnaire survey was administered to 200 patients with IBD by email or phone application. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: (1) anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, (3) IBD management, (4) prevention measures, (5) anxiety level during pandemic. Results: One hundred forty two questionnaires were completed. Ninety-seven patients (68.3%) were males with a mean age of 46 years (SD 13; range 17–76). Fifty-four individuals (38%) were affected by Crohn disease and 88 (62%) by Ulcerative Colitis. Most patients reported high knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (80%), IBD management (72%), and prevention measures (97%). Sixty-two percent of them showed moderate-high level of anxiety. High education level was independently associated with high knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–16.6, p = 0.009) and older age (OR 1, 95%, CI 1.01–1.1, p = 0.01), while the receipt of e-format educational material with low knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19 (OR 3, 95%, CI 1.08–9.3, p = 0.03). Displaying an active disease appeared to be independently associated with low knowledge of IBD management (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.4–22.8, p = 0.01) and no variables other than an older age was independently associated with higher level of anxiety (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.009–1.09, p = 0.01). Conclusions: High educational level and aging promote knowledge about clinical importance of COVID-19, while e-format educational material does not. Taken together with findings that an active disease status compromises knowledge of IBD management and the high level of anxiety related to increasing age, these data suggest the need of further supporting patient-oriented strategies in IBD during Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080407 doi: 10.3390/medicina56080407 id: cord-280195-646xesqp author: Spencer, Hunter C. title: COVID-19 presenting as neutropenic fever date: 2020-06-13 words: 605.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280195-646xesqp.txt summary: We describe successful recovery from mild COVID-19 in a patient with pancytopenia presenting with neutropenic fever. A case series of over 1000 patients in China observed 83% of patients had lymphopenia but did not report neutropenia, defined as absolute neutrophil count less than 1500 per cubic mm [1] . His labs at presentation were notable for pancytopenia, with mild trilineage decrease compared with baseline (Table 1) . He was treated with cefepime, in accordance with guideline recommendations for neutropenic fever, and azithromycin based on initial concern for atypical bacterial community-acquired pneumonia [2] . As COVID-19 spreads among neutropenic patients, further observations regarding the clinical course and response to emerging therapies are necessary to understand the host-virus interaction in this high-risk group. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan China: a retrospective cohort study Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535707/ doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04128-w id: cord-274710-ee780qe4 author: Spencer, Robert title: COVID-19 and the young heart: what are we missing? date: 2020-09-09 words: 1085.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274710-ee780qe4.txt summary: The same study revealed that having pre-existing cardiovascular disease is associated with more severe progression of the virus and that patients with cardiac injury had a significantly higher likelihood of death compared to those without cardiac injury (51% versus 5%, respectively) [6] . Aside from the cardiac injury potentially caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the exploratory treatments for the virus can pose serious cardiac risks. The multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), which appears to be associated with COVID-19 and has clinical features resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease, also warrants further investigation. Among these mysteries is how COVID-19 affects children''s hearts, how children with cardiac manifestations of the virus can be treated safely, and whether children with complex CHD have worse outcomes. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York state abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00391-z doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00391-z id: cord-315508-8bcpxo02 author: Sperotto, Francesca title: Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach date: 2020-08-15 words: 4405.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315508-8bcpxo02.txt summary: Patients with SARS-Cov-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome frequently presented with persistent fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, polymorphic rash, conjunctivitis, and mucosal changes. Notably, a subset of patients presents with hypotension and shock from either acute myocardial involvement or systemic hyperinflammation/vasodilation, frequently requiring intensive care admission, circulatory, and respiratory support (Tables 2 and 3 ) [4, 5, 8, 9, 13-20, 22-25, 27] . Possible causes of myocardial injury in adults with COVID-19 include acute myocarditis, hypoxic injury, ischemic injury caused by cardiac microvascular damage or coronary artery disease, right heart strain (acute cor pulmonale), stress cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome [3, [34] [35] [36] [37] . Due to the scarce knowledge and the small number of reported cases so far, the management of patients with MIS-C has been largely based on expert opinion and extrapolated from KD treatment, adult experience with COVID-19, and other systemic inflammatory disorders in children. Cardiac MRI of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19: case series Eléonore abstract: Initial reports on COVID-19 described children as largely spared from severe manifestations, with only 2–6% of children requiring intensive care treatment. However, since mid-April 2020, clusters of pediatric cases of severe systemic hyperinflammation and shock epidemiologically linked with COVID-19 have been reported. This condition was named as SARS-Cov-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and showed similarities to Kawasaki disease. Here, we present a narrative review of cases reported in literature and we discuss the clinical acute and follow-up management of these patients. Patients with SARS-Cov-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome frequently presented with persistent fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, polymorphic rash, conjunctivitis, and mucosal changes. Elevated inflammatory markers and evidence of cytokine storm were frequently observed. A subset of these patients also presented with hypotension and shock (20–100%) from either acute myocardial dysfunction or systemic hyperinflammation/vasodilation. Coronary artery dilation or aneurysms have been described in 6–24%, and arrhythmias in 7–60%. Cardiac support, immunomodulation, and anticoagulation are the key aspects for the management of the acute phase. Long-term structured follow-up of these patients is required due to the unclear prognosis and risk of progression of cardiac manifestations. Conclusion: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a novel syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence is still scarce but rapidly emerging in the literature. Cardiac manifestations are frequent, including myocardial and coronary involvement, and need to be carefully identified and monitored over time. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00431-020-03766-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03766-6 doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03766-6 id: cord-337456-fl5w81sp author: Sperotto, Francesca title: Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy date: 2020-10-18 words: 2192.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337456-fl5w81sp.txt summary: title: Unplanned and medical admissions to pediatric intensive care units significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy We sought to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on PICU admissions in Northern Italy, using data from the Italian Network of Pediatric Intensive Care Units Registry. Conclusions: Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak, especially those for respiratory failure. Here, we sought to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown measures on rates and types of PICU admissions in Northern Italy. • Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and to the same period in 2019, especially those for respiratory failure. With this study, we have shown that unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and to 2019. In conclusion, our study showed that unplanned and medical PICU admissions, especially those for respiratory failure, significantly decreased during COVID-19outbreak. abstract: Northern Italy has been the first European area affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and related social restrictive measures. We sought to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on PICU admissions in Northern Italy, using data from the Italian Network of Pediatric Intensive Care Units Registry. We included all patients admitted to 4 PICUs from 8-weeks-before to 8-weeks-after February 24(th), 2020, and those admitted in the same period in 2019. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) evaluating incidence rate differences between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods in 2020 (IRR-1), as well as between the post-COVID-19-period with the same period in 2019 (IRR-2), were computed using zero-inflated negative binomial or Poisson regression modeling. A total of 1001 admissions were included. The number of PICU admissions significantly decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to pre-COVID-19 and compared to the same period in 2020 (IRR-1 0.63 [95%CI 0.50–0.79]; IRR-2 0.70 [CI 0.57–0.91]). Unplanned and medical admissions significantly decreased (IRR-1 0.60 [CI 0.46–0.70]; IRR-2 0.67 [CI 0.51–0.89]; and IRR-1 0.52, [CI 0.40–0.67]; IRR-2 0.77 [CI 0.58–1.00], respectively). Intra-hospital, planned (potentially delayed by at least 12 h), and surgical admissions did not significantly change. Patients admitted for respiratory failure significantly decreased (IRR-1 0.55 [CI 0.37–0.77]; IRR-2 0.48 [CI 0.33–0.69]). Conclusions: Unplanned and medical PICU admissions significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak, especially those for respiratory failure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00431-020-03832-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33070224/ doi: 10.1007/s00431-020-03832-z id: cord-327403-adwj2xq7 author: Speth, Marlene M. title: Mood, anxiety and olfactory dysfunction in COVID‐19: evidence of central nervous system involvement? date: 2020-07-02 words: 3443.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327403-adwj2xq7.txt summary: The 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) and the 2‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD‐2) were used to measure depressed mood and anxiety level, respectively, at enrollment and for participants'' baseline, pre‐COVID‐19 state. [1] [2] [3] COVID-19 has classically been described by symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath as well as constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and myalgias, 2,4,5 although more recent studies have described a myriad of other COVID-19 clinical manifestations including chemosensory dysfunction, i.e. decreased sense of smell and taste. We found that depressed mood and anxiety were positively associated with COVID-19 symptoms of decreased sense of smell and taste. 32 However, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and wide public recognition of the potential lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we report here that the severities of classic and worrisome symptoms of COVID-19-such as fever, cough or SOB-were not associated with emotional disturbance while chemosensory dysfunction was. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to determine the burden of depressed mood and anxiety in COVID‐19, and associated disease characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 114 COVID‐19 positive patients diagnosed using RT‐PCR‐based testing over a 6‐week period. The 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) and the 2‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD‐2) were used to measure depressed mood and anxiety level, respectively, at enrollment and for participants’ baseline, pre‐COVID‐19 state. Severity of smell loss, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath (SOB) during COVID‐19 were assessed. RESULTS: PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 significantly (p<0.001) increased from baseline to enrollment. PHQ‐2 was associated with smell loss (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10‐1.78, p=0.006), age (aIRR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01‐1.04, p=0.006), and baseline PHQ‐2 score (aIRR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.09‐1.76, p=0.007). GAD‐2 score was associated with smell loss (aIRR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.02‐1.62, p=0.035), age (aIRR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01‐1.04, p=0.025) and baseline GAD‐2 score (aIRR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.24‐1.93, p<0.001). Loss of taste also exhibited similar associations with PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2. PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 scores were not associated with severities of any other symptoms during the COVID‐19 course. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the occurrence of symptoms—such as SOB—associated with severe manifestations of COVID‐19, only the severities of smell and taste loss were associated with depressed mood and anxiety. These results may raise the novel possibility of emotional disturbance as a CNS manifestation of COVID‐19 given trans‐olfactory tract penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) by coronaviruses. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28964 doi: 10.1002/lary.28964 id: cord-282183-k0pn0ie2 author: Spiezia, Luca title: More severe hypercoagulable state in acute COVID-19 pneumonia as compared to other pneumonia. date: 2020-10-01 words: 1724.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282183-k0pn0ie2.txt summary: Interestingly, we and two other Italian groups recently reported hypercoagulable whole blood profiles in COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Units for acute respiratory failure [4] [5] [6] . Therefore, we aimed to study traditional and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles -via a ROTEM ® sigma apparatus (Instrumentation Laboratory Werfen, Barcelona, Spain) -in a group of patients consecutively admitted to Internal Medicine wards of Padova University Hospital for acute pneumonia: cases were COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and controls were patients with pneumonia from different etiology. Although several papers, including one by our group, have previously reported COVID-19-related hypercoagulability in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units 4-6 , the present study focuses more closely on the comparison of coagulation profiles between COVID-19 patients with acute pneumonia and non COVID-19 patients with acute pneumonia. abstract: Objective To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of coagulation profiles — via traditional and whole blood thromboelastometry tests — in COVID-19 positive vs. COVID-19 negative patients admitted to medical wards for acute pneumonia. Patients and Methods We enrolled all consecutive patients admitted to Internal Medicine wards of Padova University Hospital between 7 March and 30 April 2020 for COVID-19-related pneumonia (cases) vs. non-COVID-19 pneumonia (controls). A group of healthy subjects acted as baseline for thromboelastometry parameters. Results Fifty-six cases (mean age 64±15 yrs, M/F 37/19) and 56 controls (mean age 76±11 yrs, M/F 35/21) were enrolled. Cases and controls showed markedly hypercoagulable thromboelastometry profiles vs. healthy subjects, mainly characterized by a significantly shorter propagation phase of coagulation (Clot Formation Time, CFT) and significantly increased maximum clot firmness (MCF) (p <0.001 in all comparisons). COVID-19 patients with pneumonia had significantly shorter CFT and higher MCF (p <0.01 and <0.05, respectively in all comparisons) vs. controls. Conclusion Patients admitted to internal medicine wards for COVID-19 pneumonia presented a markedly prothrombotic state, which seems peculiar to COVID-19 rather than pneumonia itself. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542454820301855?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.002 id: cord-353281-leb7c7b0 author: Spiezia, Luca title: COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure date: 2020-04-21 words: 1138.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353281-leb7c7b0.txt summary: In late December 2019 an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. We aimed to evaluate coagulation abnormalities via traditional tests and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles in a group of 22 (mean age 67 ± 8 years, M:F 20:2) consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Padova University Hospital for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Interestingly enough, markedly hypercoagulable thromboelastometry profiles were observed in COVID-19 patients, as reflected by shorter Clot Formation Time (CFT) in INTEM ( p = 0.0002) and EXTEM ( p = 0.01) and higher Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) in INTEM, EXTEM and FIBTEM ( p < 0.001 in all comparisons). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure present with severe hypercoagulability due to hyperfibrinogenemia resulting in increased fibrin formation and polymerization that may predispose to thrombosis. abstract: In late December 2019 an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. A common finding in most COVID-19 patients is high D-dimer levels which are associated with a worse prognosis. We aimed to evaluate coagulation abnormalities via traditional tests and whole blood thromboelastometry profiles in a group of 22 (mean age 67 ± 8 years, M:F 20:2) consecutive patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Padova University Hospital for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Cases showed significantly higher fibrinogen and D-dimer plasma levels versus healthy controls ( p < 0.0001 in both comparisons). Interestingly enough, markedly hypercoagulable thromboelastometry profiles were observed in COVID-19 patients, as reflected by shorter Clot Formation Time (CFT) in INTEM ( p = 0.0002) and EXTEM ( p = 0.01) and higher Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) in INTEM, EXTEM and FIBTEM ( p < 0.001 in all comparisons). In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure present a severe hypercoagulability rather than consumptive coagulopathy. Fibrin formation and polymerization may predispose to thrombosis and correlate with a worse outcome. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710018 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710018 id: cord-275784-n6jv72l7 author: Spina, Alfio title: The Management Of Neurosurgical Patients During The Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 2228.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275784-n6jv72l7.txt summary: An adequate management protocol can reduce hospital viral spread, improving safety both for patients and healthcare professionals. 1 The management of an ever-increasing number of patients, particularly those suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has deeply affected the organization of healthcare facilities. 11 In a single-center Chinese case series of 138 hospitalized patients, presumed hospitalrelated infection of COVID-19 was suspected in 41% of patients, with a reported mortality of 4.3% and an intensive care unit admission rate of 26%. 12 Furthermore, COVID-19 transmission rate to healthcare worker was reported up to 20% 13 These data suggest that, inadequate hospital setting may represent a relevant route of SARS-CoV-2 spread both for patients and healthcare professionals. Whenever possible, elective surgery for confirmed cases (i.e. Group 1) should be rescheduled, because of this class of patients show higher risks of intensive care need and death. abstract: ABSTRACT The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is, to date, the major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Hospital represents one of main vector amplifying the spread of the disease among both patients and healthcare professionals. Adequate department organization is pivotal to reduce hazards while still ensuring the highest quality of care. In this document we aim to share the recent experience of a Neurosurgery department located in one of the first and largest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic epicenters. A review of the available literature was also performed. Case selection, operating room and postoperative management of neurosurgical patients were discussed. COVID-19 pandemic has upset healthcare organizations, requiring a deep reorganization in many respects. An adequate management protocol can reduce hospital viral spread, improving safety both for patients and healthcare professionals. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1878875020308706 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.04.161 id: cord-346338-kdjgu93q author: Spinelli, Maria title: Parents'' Stress and Children''s Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy date: 2020-07-03 words: 4483.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346338-kdjgu93q.txt summary: Methods: Parents of children aged between 2and 14-years-old completed an online survey reporting their home environment conditions, any relation they had to the pandemic consequences, their difficulties experienced due to the quarantine, their perception of individual and parent-child dyadic stress, and their children''s emotional and behavioral problems. We expected that implications of the COVID-19 outbreak might increase parents'' psychological difficulties, particularly stress both at the individual and the dyadic level, with a consequent negative impact on children''s emotional and behavioral wellbeing (Dalton et al., 2020) . Because the only risk factor associated with parent''s individual and dyadic stress and children''s psychological problems was the Quarantine parent risk index, we did not include in the model the Home and COVID risk indices. We explored bivariate associations among the environment, family, and COVID-19 outbreak-related factors on parents'' stress and children''s psychological problems, and the interplay among these variables. abstract: Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the effect of risk factors associated with the COVID-19 outbreak experience on parents' and children's well-being. Methods: Parents of children aged between 2- and 14-years-old completed an online survey reporting their home environment conditions, any relation they had to the pandemic consequences, their difficulties experienced due to the quarantine, their perception of individual and parent-child dyadic stress, and their children's emotional and behavioral problems. Results: Results showed that the perception of the difficulty of quarantine is a crucial factor that undermines both parents' and children's well-being. Quarantine's impact on children's behavioral and emotional problems is mediated by parent's individual and dyadic stress, with a stronger effect from the latter. Parents who reported more difficulties in dealing with quarantine show more stress. This, in turn, increases the children's problems. Living in a more at-risk area, the quality of the home environment, or the relation they have with the pandemic consequences, do not have an effect on families' well-being. Conclusions: Dealing with quarantine is a particularly stressful experience for parents who must balance personal life, work, and raising children, being left alone without other resources. This situation puts parents at a higher risk of experiencing distress, potentially impairing their ability to be supportive caregivers. The lack of support these children receive in such a difficult moment may be the reason for their more pronounced psychological symptoms. Policies should take into consideration the implications of the lockdown for families' mental health, and supportive interventions for the immediate and for the future should be promoted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719646/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713 id: cord-321698-8q25z6ci author: Spratt, Daniel I title: COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy date: 2020-07-29 words: 825.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321698-8q25z6ci.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability: Potential Impact on Management with Oral Contraceptives, Estrogen Therapy and Pregnancy Although all of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-associated hypercoagulability are not clear, multiple laboratory abnormalities related to coagulation occur commonly in hospitalized COVID-19 patients including increased levels of Ddimer, fibrinogen, fibrin, fibrinogen degradation products, and cytokines as well asdecreased antithrombin,variable platelet counts over the course of disease, and platelet-fibrin contraceptives (COC''s) and other estrogen therapies as well as pregnancy-associated risks. As this Commentary is being submitted, no reports of increased incidence of VTEs in pregnant women or women taking estrogen preparations who also have COVID-19 have emerged. Establishing models for basic research into mechanisms of hypercoagulability in COVID-19, let alone intersecting effects of COVID-19 and estrogen therapy or pregnancy, has several hurdles and will require innovative novel animal and tissue models. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa121 doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa121 id: cord-338544-eph89g47 author: Spuntarelli, Valerio title: COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review date: 2020-07-28 words: 2279.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338544-eph89g47.txt summary: COVID-19 pandemic reached 3.78 million confirmed reported cases worldwide, and it is generally associated to the acronym that precedes its name: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A prospective study investigating left ventricular performance in 46 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome showed subclinical diastolic impairment without systolic involvement [3] . Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome showed few interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, but no other substantial damage in the heart tissue [7] . A case report highlights myocarditis as a complication associated with COVID-19, even without symptoms and signs of interstitial pneumonia in an otherwise healthy 53-year-old white woman [8] . The authors concluded that the presence of the characteristic features of symmetric, multifocal lesions with thalamic involvement suggests that this is a case of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy associated with COVID-19. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report abstract: Due to its extreme virulence, COVID-19 virus has rapidly spread, developing a severe pandemic. SARS-COV-2 mostly affected the respiratory tract, causing a severe acute lung failure. Although the infection of airways, COVID-19 can be associated with chronic and systemic damages still not so much known. The purpose of this research is to collect recent evidence in literature about systemic diseases caused by COVID-19. The format of the present article has features of a systematic case-based review (level of evidence), and it is structured as a case series report (patients of our COVID-19 Medicine Ward have been selected as cases). Data for this review have been selected systematically, taking evidence only from indexed journals and databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Cochrane systems. Papers chosen included systematic reviews, case series, clinical cases, meta-analysis studies, and RCTs. We start collecting studies since 2003. The main keywords used were “COVID-19” “OR” “SARS” “OR” “SARS – COV 2” “AND” “systemic disease” / “nephropathy” / “cardiac pathology” / “central nervous system.” Clinical cases belong to our COVID-19 Medicine Ward. One of the most severe COVID-19 clinical presentations includes cardiovascular problems, like myocarditis, pericarditis, and acute hearth failure. Cytokine release syndrome caused by COVID-19 develops severe acute kidney failure. It is still unknown the way coronavirus damages the liver, brain, and reproductive system. Considering the majority of the new studies about this pathology, it issues that COVID-19 is considered to be a multi-organ disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838177/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00418-6 id: cord-342603-k0f33p3l author: Spyropoulos, Alex C. title: Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 3796.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342603-k0f33p3l.txt summary: Hospitalized acutely-ill medical patients, including those with infections such as viral pneumonia, are at increased risk for VTE, and antithrombotic practice guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis with twice-or thrice-daily subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH) oncedaily subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), or fondaparinux to reduce this risk, although fondaparinux is infrequently used due to its long half-life and reversibility concerns [11, 12] . All rights reserved the absence of COVID-19-specific data, it is reasonable to consider extended-duration thromboprophylaxis with LMWH or a DOAC for at least 2 weeks and up to 6 weeks post-hospital discharge in selected COVID-19 patients who are at low risk for bleeding and with key VTE risk factors such as advanced age, stay in the ICU, cancer, a prior history of VTE, thrombophilia, severe immobility, an elevated D-dimer (>2 times ULN), and an IMPROVE VTE score of 4 or more. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2). Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has emerged as an important consideration in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. The diagnosis of VTE using standardized objective testing is problematic in these patients, given the risk of infecting non‐COVID‐19 hospitalized patients and hospital personnel, coupled with the usual challenges of performing diagnostic testing in critically‐ill patients. Early reports suggest a high incidence of VTE in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, particularly those with severe illness, that is similar to the high VTE rates observed in patients with other viral pneumonias, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS‐CoV). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32459046/ doi: 10.1111/jth.14929 id: cord-277916-b4yqek29 author: Sridhar, Arun R. title: QT Interval and Arrhythmic Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 words: 3604.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt summary: In patients with serial ECGs, there was no significant change in the QTc interval in pre-specified subgroups of interest, including those with prevalent cardiovascular disease or baseline use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitors. 4, 5 Recent single-center studies evaluating the electrical effects of HCQ in combination with azithromycin (AZM) have identified clinically significant QT prolongation in up to 20% of patients 6, 7 and combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of inhospital cardiac arrest in one observational study. Taken together, in patients with COVID-19 treated with HCQ monotherapy, implementation of a systematic QT monitoring protocol demonstrated a low rate of clinically actionable QT prolongation and no instances of malignant arrhythmias or arrhythmic death. In this retrospective, cohort study of COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ monotherapy, there were no instances of malignant ventricular arrhythmias or arrhythmic cardiac arrest. abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies have suggested increased arrhythmic and cardiovascular risk with the combination use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: The arrhythmic safety profile of HCQ monotherapy, which remains under investigation as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in COVID-19, is less established and we sought to evaluate this. METHODS: In 245 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to the University of Washington hospital system between March 9 and May 10, 2020, we identified 111 treated with HCQ monotherapy. Patients treated with HCQ underwent a systematic arrhythmia and QT interval surveillance protocol including serial electrocardiograms (ECG) (baseline, following second HCQ dose). The primary endpoint was in-hospital sustained ventricular arrhythmia or arrhythmic cardiac arrest. Secondary endpoints included clinically significant QTc prolongation. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients with COVID-19 underwent treatment with HCQ monotherapy (mean age 62±16 years, 44 women [39%], serum creatinine 0.9 [interquartile range 0.4] mg/dL). There were no instances of sustained ventricular arrythmia or arrhythmic cardiac arrest. In 75 patients with serial ECGs, clinically significant QTc prolongation was observed in a minority (N=5 [7%]). In patients with serial ECGs, there was no significant change in the QTc interval in pre-specified subgroups of interest, including those with prevalent cardiovascular disease or baseline use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis inhibitors. CONCLUSION: In the context of a systematic monitoring protocol, HCQ monotherapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was not associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmia. A minority of patients demonstrated clinically significant QTc prolongation during HCQ therapy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666501820300751?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.06.002 id: cord-319382-97iwwsfg author: Sripadma, Dr. P.V. title: Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patient- An Obstetric Emergency date: 2020-09-26 words: 516.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319382-97iwwsfg.txt summary: title: Postpartum Atypical Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a COVID-19 patientAn Obstetric Emergency Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. We present a case of postpartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with good maternal and fetal outcome. We present a case of postpartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with good maternal and fetal outcome. Atypical presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Clinical and radiological characteristics in eclamptic patients abstract: Encephalopathy in COVID-19 has been widely reported with several reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) speculated to be due to an abrupt surge in blood pressure caused by coronavirus disease. Though peripartum posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is well recognized, its atypical variant with hemorrhage is uncommon. Peripartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with COVID-19 requires early recognition and warrants dedicated inter-disciplinary management. We present a case of postpartum atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with good maternal and fetal outcome. Our clinical and treatment approach with differential diagnosis are discussed in this hitherto unreported obstetric emergency with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105357 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105357 id: cord-342498-f93jma3d author: Srivastava, A. title: Geographical Variation in COVID-19 Cases, Prevalence, Recovery and Fatality Rate by Phase of National Lockdown in India, March 14-May 29, 2020 date: 2020-06-05 words: 4969.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342498-f93jma3d.txt summary: Method: Using publicly available compiled data on COVID-19, we estimated the trends in new cases, period-prevalence rate (PPR), case recovery rate (CRR), and case fatality ratio (CFR) at national, state and district level. Maharashtra (11 to 4,445 persons per day; total infected persons 107 to 53,343); Tamil Nadu (2 to 1,332 persons per day; total infected persons 18 to 15,995); Delhi (3 to 1086 persons per day; total infected persons 30 to 13,036); Gujarat (3 to 899 persons per day; total infected persons 34 to 10,786); Rajasthan (3 to 431 per day; total infected persons 32 to 5,179) and Madhya Pradesh (1 to 416 per day; total infected persons 7 to 4,993), though Kerala experienced the least increment in average prevalence of COVID-19 (11 to 54 per day; 109 to 650 total persons) at the end of the fourth lockdown(see Fig 4) . abstract: Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic hit Indian states at varying speed, it is crucial to investigate the geographical pattern in COVID-19. We analyzed the geographical pattern of COVID-19 prevalence and mortality by the phase of national lockdown in India. Method: Using publicly available compiled data on COVID-19, we estimated the trends in new cases, period-prevalence rate (PPR), case recovery rate (CRR), and case fatality ratio (CFR) at national, state and district level. Findings: The age and sex are missing for more than 60 percent of the COVID-19 patients. There is an exponential increase in COVID-19 cases both at national and sub-national levels. The COVID-19 infected has jumped about 235 times ( from 567 cases in the pre-lockdown period to 1,33,669 in the fourth lockdown); the average daily new cases have increased from 57 in the first lockdown to 6,482 in the fourth lockdown; the average daily recovered persons from 4 to 3,819; the average daily death from 1 to 163. From first to the third lockdown, PPR (0.04 to 5.94), CRR (7.05 to 30.35) and CFR (1.76 to 1.89) have consistently escalated. At state-level, the maximum number of COVID-19 cases is found in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, and Gujarat contributing 66.75 percent of total cases. Whereas no cases found in some states, Kerela is the only state flattening the COVID-19 curve. The PPR is found to be highest in Delhi, followed by Maharastra. The highest recovery rate is observed in Kerala, till second lockdown; and in Andhra Pradesh in third lockdown. The highest case fatality ratio in the fourth lockdown is observed in Gujarat and Telangana. A few districts viz. like Mumbai (96.7); Chennai (63.66) and Ahmedabad (62.04) have the highest infection rate per 100 thousand population. Spatial analysis shows that clusters in Konkan coast especially in Maharashtra (Palghar, Mumbai, Thane and Pune); southern part from Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Chengalpattu and Thiruvallur), and the northern part of Jammu & Kashmir (Anantnag, Kulgam) are hot-spots for COVID-19 infection while central, northern and north-eastern regions of India are the cold-spots. Conclusion: India has been experiencing a rapid increase of COVID-19 cases since the second lockdown phase. There is huge geographical variation in COVID-19 pandemic with a concentration in some major cities and states while disaggregated data at local levels allows understanding the geographical disparity of the pandemic, the lack of age-sex information of the COVID-19 patients forbids to investigate the individual pattern of COVID-19 burden. Keyword: COVID-19; India; Case Fatality Rate; Case Recovery Rate; Period Prevalence Rate; Geographical variation url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122028 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122028 id: cord-241686-bzt6jsyi author: Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar title: In Silico Investigations on the Potential Inhibitors for COVID-19 Protease date: 2020-03-24 words: 1355.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-241686-bzt6jsyi.txt summary: This prompted us to perform a preliminary in silico study on the COVID-19 protease with anti-malarial compounds in the search of potential inhibitor. Among the seven studied compounds, mepacrine appears as the potential inhibitor of the COVID-19 followed by chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and phomarin. Based on the results of some clinical trials, it has been reported [11] that chloroquine phosphate, an anti-malarial drug, has a certain curative effect on the COVID-19. This motivated us to perform a systematic study on some anti-malarial drugs using molecular docking and reinvestigate their biological activities and pharmacological effects. To identify the potential binding sites for anti-malarial compounds, we have been performed an automated in silico molecular-docking procedure using the SwissDock web server [14, 15] , which is based on the docking algorithm EADock ESS. We have performed a systematic study on anti-malarial compounds in the search of potential inhibitors for novel coronavirus, COVID-19 protease. abstract: A novel strain of coronavirus, namely, COVID-19 has been identified in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. There are no specific therapies available and investigations regarding the treatment of the COVID-19 are still lacking. This prompted us to perform a preliminary in silico study on the COVID-19 protease with anti-malarial compounds in the search of potential inhibitor. We have calculated log P and log S values in addition to molecular docking and PASS predictions. Among the seven studied compounds, mepacrine appears as the potential inhibitor of the COVID-19 followed by chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and phomarin. Therefore, these anti-malarial drugs may be potential drug candidate for the treatment of this novel coronavirus. A detailed analysis on these inhibitors is currently in progress and clinical studies are invited to investigate their potential medicinal use for the COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.10642v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-290041-zxlq63n5 author: Srivastava, Arnav title: Delaying Surgery for Clinical T1b-T2bN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Implications in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond date: 2020-10-20 words: 2992.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290041-zxlq63n5.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively abstracted cT1b-T2bN0M0 RCC patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), stratifying them by clinical stage and time from diagnosis to surgery. 1 These delayed surgeries include many potentially curative urologic oncologic surgeries 2, 3 , such as partial and radical nephrectomies for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which remain the preferred curative treatment for localized kidney cancer. Our retrospective analysis using the NCDB is the largest study to date to examine the risks of surgical delay on up-staging and OS in cT1b-T2b RCC. 16 Additionally, our grouping points of <1 month, 1-3 months, >3 months were selected based on prior literature and our clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic where local institutions delayed most kidney cancer cases by 1-3 months. In most patients with clinically localized cT1b tumors, surgery may be safely delayed for up to 6 months without significant sacrifices in overall survival. Impact of Time-To-Surgery and Surgical Delay on Oncologic Outcomes for Renal Cell Carcinoma abstract: PURPOSE: During COVID-19, many operating rooms were reserved exclusively for emergent cases. As a result, many elective surgeries for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were deferred, with an unknown impact on outcomes. Since surveillance is commonplace for small renal masses, we focused on larger, organ-confined RCCs. Our primary endpoint was pT3a up-staging and our secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively abstracted cT1b-T2bN0M0 RCC patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), stratifying them by clinical stage and time from diagnosis to surgery. We selected only those patients who underwent surgery. Patients were grouped by having surgery within 1 month, 1-3 months, or >3 months after diagnosis. Logistic regression models measured pT3a up-staging risk. Kaplan Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models assessed OS. RESULTS: 29,746 patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy. Delaying surgery >3 months after diagnosis did not confer pT3a up-staging risk among cT1b (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.77–1.05, p=0.170), cT2a (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.69–1.19, p=0.454), or cT2b (OR=0.96; 95%CI:0.62–1.51, p=0.873). In all clinical stage strata, non-clear cell RCCs were significantly less likely to be up-staged (p<0.001). A sensitivity analysis, performed for delays of <1, 1-3, 3-6, and >6 months, also showed no increase in up-staging risk. CONCLUSIONS: Delaying surgery up to, and even beyond, 3 months does not significantly increase risk of tumor progression in clinically localized RCC. However, if deciding to delay surgery due to COVID-19, tumor histology, growth kinetics, patient comorbidities, and hospital capacity/resources, should be considered. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1078143920304853 doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.012 id: cord-274053-406dfdih author: Srivastava, Kamna title: Association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease date: 2020-07-14 words: 2574.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274053-406dfdih.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells through ACE2 receptors, leading to COVID-19-related pneumonia. Search methods and strategies for identification of studies Literature search was performed in WHO reports, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and also in American Heart Association journals, Nature, JAMA, BMJ and THE LANCET journals using following terms:ACE2, coronavirus, COVID-19 and 2019-nCoV, COVID-19 and CVD, Cardiovascular Risk and Diseases to find articles published from January 05 to May 20, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 shares both high sequence similarity and the use of the same cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In another study [43] , we have reported the role of Angiotensin type I receptor in patients with essential hypertension and normal healthy controls as pathological and physiological differential expression at mRNA and protein levels. In a report by Huang et al [3] myocardial injury associated with the SARS-CoV-2 was found in 5 of the first 41 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan. abstract: Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached a pandemic level. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells through ACE2 receptors, leading to COVID-19-related pneumonia. The rapid increase in confirmed cases makes the prevention and control of COVID-19 extremely serious. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays remain the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection while radiographic findings (chest computed tomography [CT]) and antibody-based techniques are being introduced as supplemental tools. Novel virus also cause chronic damage to the cardiovascular system, and attention should be given to cardiovascular protection during treatment for COVID-19. Acute cardiac injury determined by elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels is commonly observed in severe cases and is strongly associated with mortality. This review suggests that cardiovascular comorbidities are common in patients with COVID-19 and such patients are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The continuation of clinically indicated ACE inhibitor and ARB medications is recommended in COVID-19. We review the basics of coronaviruses, novel molecular targets for the coronaviruses with a focus on COVID-19, along with their effects on the cardiovascular system. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906720302815?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100583 id: cord-302451-irb7rj7d author: Ssentongo, Anna E title: Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-05 words: 3406.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302451-irb7rj7d.txt summary: We aimed to estimate the association of RAAS inhibitors, including ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) with COVID-19 mortality risk in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis, with prior use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with lower risk mortality from COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. ► The findings of this systematic review and metaanalysis suggest that prior use of RAAS inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality by 35% in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID19 disease and congested heart failure, may upregulate ACE2 expression and thus could increase the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. 6 Comparison with other studies This review provides up-to-date results for the contribution of RAAS-inhibitor use on the lower risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19 by synthesising a large number of recently published studies. In this meta-analysis, prior use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with a lower risk mortality from COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association between the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors and the risk of mortality from COVID-19 is unclear. We aimed to estimate the association of RAAS inhibitors, including ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) with COVID-19 mortality risk in patients with hypertension. METHODS: PubMed (MEDLINE) SCOPUS, OVID, Cochrane Library databases and medrxiv.org were searched from 1 January 2020 to 1 September 2020. Studies reporting the association of RAAS inhibitors (ACEi or ARBs) and mortality in patients with hypertension, hospitalised for COVID-19 were extracted. Two reviewers independently extracted appropriate data of interest and assessed the risk of bias. All analyses were performed using random-effects models on log-transformed risk ratio (RR) estimates, and heterogeneity was quantified. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review (n=73,073 patients with COVID-19; mean age 61 years; 53% male). Overall, the between-study heterogeneity was high (I(2)=80%, p<0.01). Patients with hypertension with prior use of RAAS inhibitors were 35% less likely to die from COVID-19 compared with patients with hypertension not taking RAAS inhibitors (pooled RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.94). The quality of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations was graded as ‘moderate’ quality. CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis, with prior use of RAAS inhibitors was associated with lower risk mortality from COVID-19 in patients with hypertension. Our findings suggest a potential protective effect of RAAS-inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: The present study has been registered with PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD 42020187963). url: https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001353 doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001353 id: cord-290326-umv0q4d7 author: Stachowska, Ewa title: Nutritional Support in Coronavirus 2019 Disease date: 2020-06-12 words: 5115.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290326-umv0q4d7.txt summary: Consequently, due to lack of specific COVID-19 data, the recommendations in our review are based on viral and bacterial pneumonia studies, as well as recommendations made for critically ill patients. Nutritional treatment for critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (especially in case of respiratory and multiorgan failure) [22] is a key element of comprehensive treatment aimed to reduce the mortality. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) criteria for increased risk for aspiration are: inability to protect the airway, mechanical ventilation, age > 70 years, reduced level of consciousness, poor oral care, inadequate nurse: patient ratio, supine positioning, neurologic deficits, gastroesophageal reflux, transport out of the ICU, and use of bolus intermittent EN. Poor nutritional status is a prognostic factor for mortality in severe pneumonia and critical illness, especially for elderly patients. ESPEN and ASPEN guidelines for nutritional support in critical illness are applicable for COVID-19 patients requiring ICU support. abstract: The epidemic that broke out in Chinese Wuhan at the beginning of 2020 presented how important the rapid diagnosis of malnutrition (elevating during intensive care unit stay) and the immediate implementation of caloric and protein-balanced nutrition care are. According to specialists from the Chinese Medical Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN), these activities are crucial for both the therapy success and reduction of mortality rates. The Chinese have published their recommendations including principles for the diagnosis of nutritional status along with the optimal method for nutrition supply including guidelines when to introduce education approach, oral nutritional supplement, tube feeding, and parenteral nutrition. They also calculated energy demand and gave their opinion on proper monitoring and supplementation of immuno-nutrients, fluids and macronutrients intake. The present review summarizes Chinese observations and compares these with the latest European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines. Nutritional approach should be an inseparable element of therapy in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060289 doi: 10.3390/medicina56060289 id: cord-303741-1ou0cy5k author: Stafstrom, Carl E. title: COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children date: 2020-09-10 words: 7035.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303741-1ou0cy5k.txt summary: An especially apropos case demonstrated maternal viremia, placental infection shown by immunohistochemistry, and high placental viral load with subsequent neonatal viremia, implying transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant mother to fetus [24] ; this newborn presented with neurological symptoms as discussed in Section 3. The lack of unequivocal reports of SARS-CoV-2 being recovered from the CSF of individuals affected with presumed neurological involvement nor in brain tissue from the limited number of autopsied cases strengthens the possibility that the virus does not often directly cause the symptoms but rather, that the neurological sequelae are secondary to hypoxia, cytokine involvement, or some other non-direct mechanism (see Section 6). Finally, 4 of 27 children with COVID-19 associated MIS-C developed new neurologic symptoms including encephalopathy, headache, weakness, ataxia, and dysarthria [81] ; two patients had lumbar punctures and CSF was negative for SARS-CoV-2 in both. abstract: The ongoing worldwide pandemic of the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease, COVID-19, has presented enormous and unprecedented challenges for all medical specialists. However, to date, children, especially neonates, have been relatively spared from the devastating consequences of this infection. Neurologic involvement is being increasingly recognized among adults with COVID-19, who can develop sensory deficits in smell and taste, delirium, encephalopathy, headaches, strokes, and peripheral nervous system disorders. Among neonates and children, COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations have been relatively rare, yet reports involving neurologic dysfunction in this age range are increasing. As discussed in this review, pediatric neurologists and other pediatric specialists should be alert to potential neurological involvement by this virus, which might have neuroinvasive capability and carry long-term neuropsychiatric and medical consequences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32927628/ doi: 10.3390/children7090133 id: cord-285993-n5fmah6a author: Stahl, Klaus title: Injury to the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 1861.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285993-n5fmah6a.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the so-called coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic patients to critically ill individuals with a high case fatality rate (1) . Here, we investigated in translational human and cellular studies whether injury to the eGC can be found in critically ill patients with COVID-19 early after admission to the ICU. Together, this indicates that critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffer from an acquired Hpa-2 deficiency that can contribute to the degradation of the eGC, maybe even before classical endothelial activation and injury. In conclusion, our data suggest that in critically ill patients with COVID-19, endothelial injury involves glycocalyx integrity, and acquired Hpa-2 deficiency might be a potential causative factor. We describe a recent case series of five patients rescued by VA-ECMO support combined with urgent chemotherapy for obstructive cardiogenic shock that revealed tumoral mediastinal syndrome. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202007-2676le doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2676le id: cord-292195-k07io2qo author: Staib, Andrew title: Emergency Medicine’s COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve date: 2020-06-02 words: 1445.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292195-k07io2qo.txt summary: In this new normal, Emergency Departments face the triple challenge of: 1) Management of COVID-19 patients EDs will continue to contribute to the management of confirmed COVID cases which are expected to occur as part of low-level community transmission and localized outbreaks and clusters. The pre-existing challenges of meeting increasing demand for Emergency care with limited resources will be compounded by the economic, social and health challenges that are as yet unquantified but are predictable consequences of Australia and New Zealand"s initial (and so As we move to a normalisation of ED attendances and the re-introduction of elective hospital activity, increased pressure on the available physical and human resources required to meet the demand of potential COVID cases will be felt. To successfully meet the triple challenge, hospitals and their Emergency Departments will need to develop refined dedicated "potential COVID" capability with appropriate staffing and physical resourcing. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484307/ doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13566 id: cord-354232-tunpb48l author: Stall, N. M. title: For-profit nursing homes and the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and resident deaths in Ontario, Canada date: 2020-05-27 words: 3789.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354232-tunpb48l.txt summary: For-profit status was associated with both the size of a nursing home outbreak (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.96; 95% CI 1.26-3.05) and the number of resident deaths (aRR, 1.78; 95% CI 1.03-3.07), compared to non-profit homes. This included nursing home level data from the Long-Term Care Inspections Branch on the cumulative number of resident COVID-19 cases and deaths. Additional nursing home level data obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care included: number of licensed beds; the specific mix of bed occupancy types (one, two, or four residents per room); and the age of the nursing home''s design. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.25.20112664 doi: medRxiv preprint The significant association between the risk of a nursing home outbreak and the incidence of COVID-19 in the surrounding health region is consistent with emerging literature demonstrating that nursing home staff are important vectors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission (4, 31) . abstract: Background: Nursing homes have become the epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada. Previous research demonstrates that for-profit nursing homes deliver inferior care across a variety of outcome and process measures, raising the question of whether for-profit homes have had worse COVID-19 outcomes than non-profit homes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all nursing homes in Ontario, Canada from March 29-May 20, 2020 using a COVID-19 outbreak database maintained by the Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care. We used hierarchical logistic and count-based methods to model the associations between nursing home profit status (for-profit, non-profit or municipal) and nursing home COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19 outbreak sizes, and COVID-19 resident deaths. Results: The analysis included all 623 Ontario nursing homes, of which 360 (57.7%) were for-profit, 162 (26.0%) were non-profit, and 101 (16.2%) were municipal homes. There were 190 (30.5%) COVID-19 nursing home outbreaks involving 5218 residents (mean of 27.5 +/- 41.3 residents per home), resulting in 1452 deaths (mean of 7.6 +/- 12.7 residents per home) with an overall case fatality rate of 27.8%. The odds of a COVID-19 outbreak was associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in the health region surrounding a nursing home (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-3.09) and number of beds (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.20-1.63), but not profit status. For-profit status was associated with both the size of a nursing home outbreak (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.96; 95% CI 1.26-3.05) and the number of resident deaths (aRR, 1.78; 95% CI 1.03-3.07), compared to non-profit homes. These associations were mediated by a higher prevalence of older nursing home design standards in for-profit homes. Interpretation: For-profit status is associated with the size of a COVID-19 nursing home outbreak and the number of resident deaths, but not the likelihood of outbreaks. Differences between for profit and non-profit homes are largely explained by older design standards, which should be a focus of infection control efforts and future policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.25.20112664 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.25.20112664 id: cord-272772-zqmychmr author: Stall, Nathan M. title: Finding the Right Balance: An Evidence-Informed Guidance Document to Support the Re-Opening of Canadian Nursing Homes to Family Caregivers and Visitors during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-03 words: 4438.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272772-zqmychmr.txt summary: Canada, and regions across the country begin phased re-openings, experts and advocates have 24 grown increasingly concerned that subsequent visiting policies and family caregiver access to 25 nursing home settings remain overly restrictive, causing substantial and potentially irreversible 26 harm to the health and wellbeing of residents. 4 A more balanced approach is needed that both 27 prevents the introduction of COVID-19 into nursing homes, but also allows family caregivers 28 and visitors to provide much needed contact, support and care to residents, to maintain their 29 overall health and wellbeing. These recommendations 68 focus on family caregivers and general visitors rather than essential support workers and nursing 69 home staff, and are made with the acknowledgement that the approach to visiting may need to be 70 dynamic based on the community prevalence of COVID-19. abstract: Abstract During the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian nursing homes implemented strict no-visitor policies to reduce the risk of introducing COVID-19 in these settings. There are now growing concerns that the risks associated with restricted access to family caregivers and visitors have started to outweigh the potential benefits associated with preventing COVID-19 infections. Many residents have sustained severe and potentially irreversible physical, functional, cognitive, and mental health declines. As Canada emerges from its first wave of the pandemic, nursing homes across the country have cautiously started to reopen these settings, yet there is broad criticism that emerging visitor policies are overly restrictive, inequitable and potentially harmful. We reviewed the nursing home visitor policies for Canada’s ten provinces and three territories as well as international policies and reports on the topic to develop evidence-informed, data-driven and expert-reviewed guidance for the re-opening of Canadian nursing homes to family caregivers and visitors. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.038 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.07.038 id: cord-310996-ihs9xbv8 author: Stang, Andreas title: Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences date: 2020-04-24 words: 851.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310996-ihs9xbv8.txt summary: It has been speculated that the total number of COVID-infected people is about five times higher than the official statistics. Due to the changing availability of corona testing and the changing conditions that must be met in order to test a suspected case of corona in Germany, the evaluation of the devel-opment of the daily number of newly confirmed corona infections is complicated. A review of 355 COVID-19 deaths in Italy showed that the mean age at diagnosis was 79.5 years (SD: 8.1) and 70% were male. However, as soon as the daily number of newly infected people decreases ("flatteningofthe curve")asiscurrentlythe case in Germany (. Fig. 1b, c) , age-, sex-, comorbidity-, region-, and setting-specific data on the infection rate and CF should help to set up targeted, that is, risk-adapted measures to contain the pandemic without severely restricting the entire economy and social life [3] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333025/ doi: 10.1007/s00059-020-04932-0 id: cord-285513-pkqos0s5 author: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat, Lina title: Dental Health Services Response to COVID-19 in Norway date: 2020-08-12 words: 5745.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285513-pkqos0s5.txt summary: Therefore, the aim of this case study was to investigate how urgent dental health care was managed in Norway, what additional infection prevention and control measures were employed by dental staff and to assess the dental staff perception of risk and workplace preparedness. Out of the dental staff working in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, up to 20% reported not to have available respirators FFP2 or FFP3 standard or equivalent, gowns and aprons in their workplace; there was a significant difference among the county incidence categories. Dental staff in public sector, OR 0.3 (CI 0.2; 0.5) and those working at clinics not designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, OR 0.6 (0.4; 0.9) were less positive to preparedness of their workplace regarding infection control equipment. In the present study, the majority of the dental staff working at the clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19, reported to follow local guidelines for additional infection prevention and control developed by county and university. abstract: We aimed to investigate the management of urgent dental care, the perception of risk and workplace preparedness among dental staff in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic. An electronic questionnaire regarding the strictest confinement period in Norway (13 March–17 April 2020) was distributed to dental staff. Among the 1237 respondents, 727 (59%) treated patients, of whom 170 (14%) worked in clinics designated to treat patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. Out of them 88% (143) received training and 64% (103) simulation in additional infection prevention procedures, while 27 (24%) respondents reported deviation. In total, 1051 (85%) respondents perceived that dental staff had a high risk of being infected, 1039 (84%) that their workplace handled the current situation well, 767 (62%) that their workplace had adequate infection control equipment and 507 (41%) agreed that their workplace is well equipped to handle an escalation. Before an appointment, 1182 (96%) respondents always/often inquired per phone information if a patient experienced symptoms of COVID-19, and 1104 (89%) asked about a history of travel to affected areas. Twice as many patients on average per week were treated by phone than in a clinic. A lower proportion of dental staff in high incidence counties applied additional infection prevention measures compared to low and medium incidence counties. To conclude, urgent dental health care was managed relatively well in Norway. Additional training of the dental staff in adequate infection prevention and step-by-step procedures may be needed. These results may be used to improve the dental health service’s response to future outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165843 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165843 id: cord-275693-ej76fsxa author: Stanislau Affonso de Araujo, E. title: Teach, and teach and teach: does the average citizen use masks correctly during daily activities? Results from an observational study with more than 12,000 participants date: 2020-06-28 words: 1987.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt summary: This is among the first studies, to the best of our knowledge, that measures real life compliance with face masks during this COVID-19 pandemic. To evaluate if, how often, and in what way people wear their face masks, we conducted an observational study in five major cities in the Baixada Santista metropolitan area with a sample of over 12,000 observations. For three consecutive days, for a period of one hour, the same researcher occupied the same spot on the same street, at the same time, and observed and recorded if, how many, and in what way, people were wearing their face masks. We found that only 45.1% of people wore face masks properly and safely in a research sample observed in a region with significant prevalence of COVID-19, among people at high risk of infection (because of poverty and high prevalence) and complications (due to age and pre-existing health conditions). abstract: COVID-19 is a new disease with no treatment and no vaccine so far. The pandemic is still growing in many areas. Among the core measures to prevent disease spread is the use of face masks. We observed 12,588 people in five Brazilian cities within the Baixada Santista metropolitan area. Even though this is densely populated region and heavily impacted by COVID-19 with a high risk population, only 45.1% of the observed population wore in face masks in a correct way, and another 15.5% simply did not use masks at all. The remainder used masks incorrectly, which is evidence of the worst scenario of people believing that they are protected when they are not. This is among the first studies, to the best of our knowledge, that measures real life compliance with face masks during this COVID-19 pandemic. It is our conclusion that it is paramount to first control the virus before allowing people back in the streets. We should not assume that people will wear masks properly. Equally important is to instruct and sensitize people on how to use face masks and why it is important. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.25.20139907 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.25.20139907 id: cord-347126-hvrly37e author: Stanton, Robert title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date: 2020-06-07 words: 5474.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt summary: title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults The combined effect of changes in lifestyle behaviors; confinement to the home through government restrictions in travel; and elevated depression, anxiety and stress associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, may have significant negative impacts on sleep [14] . Therefore, the present study aims to examine associations between depression, anxiety and stress and changes in health behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of social isolation rules in Australia. The present study examined the association between depression, anxiety and stress and the change in health behaviors of physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19, as individual health behaviors and as a health behavior change index composite score. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18–45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114065 id: cord-324714-mym5xi23 author: Staunton, Peter title: Regional Trauma Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-13 words: 2265.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324714-mym5xi23.txt summary: In comparison to the corresponding time-period in 2019, trauma theatre activity reduced by almost one half (45.3%) Conclusion The majority of trauma referred to our Dublin based centre during COVID-19 related population restrictions appears to be home based and trauma volumes have decreased. Trauma and orthopaedic units, in Ireland amongst others, have cancelled non-urgent elective surgery, moved to virtual based clinics, and made fundamental changes to the provision of trauma(3). Symptomatic of the potential impact on trauma provision, the British Orthopaedic Association have released a pandemic specific BOAST guideline to support practitioners in making difficult treatment decisions during this time(4). Theatre activity data in the three trauma hospitals was collected for the corresponding time-period in 2019 and 2020 to allow for year on year comparison. Trauma and orthopaedic service provision is changing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. BOAST -Management of patients with urgent orthopaedic conditions and trauma during the coronavirus pandemic2020 abstract: Abstract Background The current global pandemic has impacted heavily on health systems, making unprecedented demands on resources, and forcing reconfiguration of services. Trauma and orthopaedic units have cancelled elective surgery, moved to virtual based clinics and have been forced to reconsider the provision of trauma. Our national elective orthopaedic centre has been re-designated as a trauma centre to allow tertiary centres re-direct triaged trauma. Many governments, as part of their COVID-19 management, have significantly restricted activity of the general population. We proposed that trauma patterns would change alongside these changes and maintaining existing standards of treatment would require dedicated planning and structures. Methods Referrals over a six-week period (March 15th – April 30th) were retrospectively reviewed. Data was collected directly from our referral database and a database populated. Analysis was performed to assess trauma volume, aetiology, and changes in trends. Results There were one hundred and fifty-nine referrals from three individual hospitals within the timeframe. Mean age of patient’s referred was 55 (range17-92). Males accounted for 45% of cases. F&A injuries were the most common (32%), followed by H&W (28%), UL (17%), H&F (16%) and K&T (7%). In comparison to the corresponding time-period in 2019, trauma theatre activity reduced by almost one half (45.3%) Conclusion The majority of trauma referred to our Dublin based centre during COVID-19 related population restrictions appears to be home based and trauma volumes have decreased. Significant reductions are apparent in work and sport related injuries suggestive of compliance with COVID-19 activity guidelines. Maintaining existing standards of treatment requires dedicated planning. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32893129/ doi: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.003 id: cord-283850-kt8n6pg2 author: Steardo, Luca title: Psychiatric face of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-30 words: 7886.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283850-kt8n6pg2.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similarly to other coronaviruses demonstrate neurotropism; the viral infection of the brain stem may complicate the course of the disease through damaging central cardio-respiratory control. Post-mortem analysis of nervous tissue from tissue of a 54 years-old man who died from severe respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 identified SARS-COV-2 viral particles in the olfactory nerve, in the gyrus rectus and in the brainstem with signs of profound damage to all elements of the tissue including glial cells, neurones, their axons and myelin 37 . Infection with SARS-CoV-2 (even in moderate clinical cases) thus promotes cognitive disorders with emergence of delirium, acute psychosis, exacerbation of mild cognitive impairment or with accelerating of dementia associated with various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer''s disease (AD) 85, 86 . Patients with COVID-19 could present with a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, which result from systemic inflammation, CNS effects of cytokines, infection of neural cells by SARS-COV-2, neuroinflammation, glial dysfunction or aberrant epigenetic modifications of stress-related genes. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a severe multiorgan pathology which, besides cardio-respiratory manifestations, affects the function of the central nervous system (CNS). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similarly to other coronaviruses demonstrate neurotropism; the viral infection of the brain stem may complicate the course of the disease through damaging central cardio-respiratory control. The systemic inflammation as well as neuroinflammatory changes are associated with massive increase of the brain pro-inflammatory molecules, neuroglial reactivity, altered neurochemical landscape and pathological remodelling of neuronal networks. These organic changes, emerging in concert with environmental stress caused by experiences of intensive therapy wards, pandemic fears and social restrictions, promote neuropsychiatric pathologies including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), various psychoses, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. The neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 represent serious clinical challenge that has to be considered for future complex therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00949-5 doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-00949-5 id: cord-290195-8uaai9nv author: Stebbing, Justin title: Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence‐predicted testing in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-30 words: 6584.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290195-8uaai9nv.txt summary: Furthermore, baricitinib treatment resulted in a significant reduction (p<0.05) from baseline in plasma IL-6 at week 12 in patients with active RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate from a phase 2b (Tanaka, Emoto et al., 2016) , randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study (Fig. 1B) . As shown in Figure 3A , all four patients showed improvement with baricitinib treatment in signs and symptoms such as cough, fever, and reduction in plasma IL-6 levels, along with a reduction in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load, as detected by the real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) signal from the nasopharyngeal carriage. Therefore, the impact of baricitinib on the subsequent development of protective humoral and cell-mediated anti-viral immunity in COVID-19 patients must be evaluated in randomized clinical trials (Ottoviani & Stebbing, 2020) . The finding that baricitinib is a potent AAK1/BIKE/GAK inhibitor that may reduce host cell infectivity, along with reaffirmation of its anti-cytokine profile, provide reasons to study this intervention in randomized clinical trials. abstract: Baricitinib, is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that was independently predicted, using artificial intelligence (AI)‐algorithms, to be useful for COVID‐19 infection via a proposed anti‐cytokine effects and as an inhibitor of host cell viral propagation. We evaluated the in vitro pharmacology of baricitinib across relevant leukocyte subpopulations coupled to its in vivo pharmacokinetics and showed it inhibited signaling of cytokines implicated in COVID‐19 infection. We validated the AI‐predicted biochemical inhibitory effects of baricitinib on human numb‐associated kinase (hNAK) members measuring nanomolar affinities for AAK1, BIKE, and GAK. Inhibition of NAKs led to reduced viral infectivity with baricitinib using human primary liver spheroids. These effects occurred at exposure levels seen clinically. In a case series of patients with bilateral COVID‐19 pneumonia, baricitinib treatment was associated with clinical and radiologic recovery, a rapid decline in SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load, inflammatory markers, and IL‐6 levels. Collectively, these data support further evaluation of the anti‐cytokine and anti‐viral activity of baricitinib and supports its assessment in randomized trials in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202012697 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202012697 id: cord-283048-hyjzofps author: Steele, Edward J. title: Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases—Terrestrial or cosmic? date: 2020-07-14 words: 7531.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283048-hyjzofps.txt summary: The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. 5-7, particularly the symmetrical pattern in Fig. 7 it actually looks like a huge viral bomb explosion took place near or over Wuhan and then the radial fall-out of the disease causing viral particles to land on the millions of people either laterally or from above-some of those infected would be susceptible and who then have succumbed to the respiratory illness (in Appendix A, in relation to the expected fall of viruses through the stratosphere is an analysis by way of quantitative analogy, of the expectation of radioactive fall-out patterns from an atmospheric nuclear test in 1958). abstract: The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. Both these diseases display highly distinctive patterns of sudden emergence and global spread, which are not easy to understand by conventional epidemiological analysis based on simple infection-driven human- to-human spread of an infectious disease (assumed to jump suddenly and thus genetically, from an animal reservoir). Both these enigmatic diseases make sense however under a Panspermia in-fall model and the evidence consistent with such a model is critically reviewed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065266020300110 doi: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.04.002 id: cord-324676-pz4rg6up author: Stefanini, Giulio G. title: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes date: 2020-04-30 words: 1089.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324676-pz4rg6up.txt summary: We aimed to evaluate incidence, clinical presentation, angiographic findings, and clinical outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with All hospitals with catherization laboratories in Lombardy were contacted to collect cases of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who underwent an urgent coronary angiogram because of STEMI between February 20, 2020 (date of first COVID-19 case in Lombardy) and March 30, 2020. Our findings provide relevant evidence showing that, although all patients had a typical STEMI presentation, angiography demonstrated the absence of a culprit lesion in 39.3% of cases, therefore excluding a type 1 myocardial infarction. A recent document from the American College of Cardiology''s Interventional Council and the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention discusses how to guarantee state-of-the-art treatment as well as the safety of healthcare providers involved in management of STEMI in the context of a COVID-19 outbreak. In approximately 40% of patients with COVID-19 with STEMI, a culprit lesion is not identifiable by coronary angiography. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.047525 doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047525 id: cord-291226-xdq2edy0 author: Stefely, Jonathan A. title: Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID‐19 is associated with venous thromboembolism date: 2020-08-24 words: 5592.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291226-xdq2edy0.txt summary: To begin testing the hypothesis that factor V activity elevation is associated with COVID-19, we measured a panel of coagulation parameters in the earliest available specimen from the first 102 SARS-CoV-2 positive patient specimens submitted to our coagulation laboratory without any exclusion criteria, 17 contemporaneous controls, and 260 to 478 historical controls per test prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a validated clinical laboratory assay, we found factor V activity to be markedly elevated in many patients in this severe COVID-19 cohort (median 150 IU/dL, n = 102) compared to the expected reference median value of 100 IU/dL activity (Figures 1A and 1B) . Compared to all patient specimens tested in our laboratory during the four years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2016 -February 2020) (n = 446), factor V activity was significantly higher in our cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 (COVID-19 median 150 IU/dL, historical control median 81 IU/dL, P < 1x10 -32 ) ( Figure 1A ). abstract: Coagulopathy causes morbidity and mortality in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Yet, the mechanisms are unclear and biomarkers are limited. Early in the pandemic, we observed markedly elevated factor V activity in a patient with COVID‐19, which led us to measure factor V, VIII, and X activity in a cohort of 102 consecutive inpatients with COVID‐19. Contemporaneous SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative controls (n = 17) and historical pre‐pandemic controls (n = 260–478) were also analyzed. This cohort represents severe COVID‐19 with high rates of ventilator use (92%), line clots (47%), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) (23%), and mortality (22%). Factor V activity was significantly elevated in COVID‐19 (median 150 IU/dL, range 34–248 IU/dL) compared to contemporaneous controls (median 105 IU/dL, range 22–161 IU/dL) (P < 0.00001)—the strongest association with COVID‐19 of any parameter studied, including factor VIII, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer. Patients with COVID‐19 and factor V activity >150 IU/dL exhibited significantly higher rates of DVT/PE (16/49, 33%) compared to those with factor V activity ≤150 IU/dL (7/53, 13%) (P = 0.03). Within this severe COVID‐19 cohort, factor V activity associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load in a sex‐dependent manner. Subsequent decreases in factor V were linked to progression toward DIC and mortality. Together, these data reveal marked perturbations of factor V activity in severe COVID‐19, provide links to SARS‐CoV‐2 disease biology and clinical outcomes, and nominate a candidate biomarker to investigate for guiding anticoagulation therapy in COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25979 doi: 10.1002/ajh.25979 id: cord-302310-16myb2n5 author: Steffens, Ines title: A hundred days into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-04-09 words: 1843.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302310-16myb2n5.txt summary: International organisations such as the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control have used novel technologies and open access resources as well as official reporting data to trace the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. A number of studies in various settings determined the basic reproductive number R 0 to be within the range of 2-3 [9, 10] ; the incubation period was determined as ranging from 1 to 14 days with an average of 5-6 days; transmission through droplets was established as the main mode of transmission; the clinical picture that emerged included a wide range from mild symptoms with fever, sore throat and cough to severe pneumonias with characteristic features on computed tomography scans; in Hubei, China, up to 13.8% of laboratory-confirmed patients had severe disease, 6.1% were critically ill and the case fatality rate among all COVID-19 cases was 2.3% [11] . The WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January and a pandemic on 11 March [18, 19] . First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.14.2000550 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.14.2000550 id: cord-326969-4f9djufi author: Stein, Richard A. title: When Public Health Crises Collide: Social Disparities and COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-14 words: 1832.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326969-4f9djufi.txt summary: What makes these observations remarkable is that hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which are risk factors for more severe or fatal COVID-19 [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] , are exactly the chronic conditions that have long been recognized as disproportionately affecting racial/ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disfavored individuals and groups [14] . Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities also shape inequities in the access to mental health care [49] [50] [51] [52] . Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities are conducive to the development of chronic medical conditions that could increase the risk of severe COVID-19, widening the disparities and accentuating the chronic disease burden and, as a result, further marginalizing already vulnerable individuals and groups. The obesity epidemic in the United States--gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and metaregression analysis Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes complications in the northeastern United States: the role of socioeconomic status abstract: In To Have or to Be?, psychoanalyst Erich Fromm writes about pursuit after domination of nature, material abundance, and unlimited happiness, which made modern society become more interested in having than in being. Income, in his view, should not be as accentuated as to create different experiences of life for different groups [1]. Of the concepts that Fromm presents, the domination of nature, which facilitates zoonotic spillover events by increasing the overlap between the habitat of various species with that of humans [2‐5], and the gap between the rich and the poor, which recently has become the widest in years [6], become particularly relevant in context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408388/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13524 id: cord-353445-0n51j2jo author: Stein-Zamir, Chen title: A large COVID-19 outbreak in a high school 10 days after schools’ reopening, Israel, May 2020 date: 2020-07-23 words: 2083.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353445-0n51j2jo.txt summary: Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. According to the epidemiological investigation, both students attended school during the days of 19-21 May and reported mild symptoms (anosmia, ageusia, fever and headache). With the emergence of two unrelated cases within 2 days, the district health office declared an ''outbreak status'' including school closure, isolation instructions and testing of the school community. In a study in New York State, Kawasaki-like disease and myocarditis have been linked to COVID-19 infection, with the condition termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children [11] . abstract: On 13 March 2020, Israel’s government declared closure of all schools. Schools fully reopened on 17 May 2020. Ten days later, a major outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in a high school. The first case was registered on 26 May, the second on 27 May. They were not epidemiologically linked. Testing of the complete school community revealed 153 students (attack rate: 13.2%) and 25 staff members (attack rate: 16.6%) who were COVID-19 positive. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720636/ doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.29.2001352 id: cord-258976-w2up63o9 author: Steinberg, Eric title: In Young Adults with COVID-19, Obesity Is Associated with Adverse Outcomes date: 2020-06-15 words: 1485.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258976-w2up63o9.txt summary: We sought to identify whether adverse outcomes such as mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, or hospitalization are associated with obesity, particularly in COVID-19 patients 45 years and younger. Although previous studies representing different cohorts address obesity when describing clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, we are the first to address obesity as a potential independent risk factor for adverse outcomes specific to adults 45 years old and under with COVID-19. A recent, single-center study from New York University concluded that obesity in adults under 60 is a risk factor for hospital admission and need for intensive care but did not investigate mortality or need for mechanical ventilation. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Obesity in Patients Younger Than 60 Years Is a Risk Factor for Covid-19 Hospital Admission abstract: INTRODUCTION: For patients with COVID-19, several characteristics have been identified that may be associated with adverse outcomes. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of obesity on young adult patients with COVID-19. We sought to identify whether adverse outcomes are associated with obesity, particularly in COVID-19 patients 45 years and younger. METHODS: This was a two-center, retrospective cohort study that included 210 patients. Eligible patients were between the ages of 18–45 years old, had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction via nasopharyngeal swab, and were not pregnant. Primary outcomes were defined as follows: 1) in-hospital mortality during the study period; 2) need for mechanical ventilation; and 3) admission to the hospital. We analyzed baseline characteristics of the cohort using descriptive statistics. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess associations between outcomes and obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) >30. RESULTS: Of those patients who tested positive, 18 died during hospitalization (9%), 36 (17%) required mechanical ventilation, and 94 (45%) were admitted. Each of the primary outcomes was significantly associated with a BMI >30 (mortality OR = 6.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–22.46, p = 0.0046; mechanical ventilation OR = 6.01, 95% CI, 2.5–14.48, p = 0.0001; admission OR 2.61, 95% CI, 1.49–4.58, p =.0008). CONCLUSION: Obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in young patients with COVID-19. Future studies examining the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 patients across large, diverse populations will strengthen our understanding of this novel and complex disease. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47972 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47972 id: cord-335386-eflyypev author: Steinman, Jonathan Baruch title: Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics date: 2020-10-06 words: 5373.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335386-eflyypev.txt summary: Exploring why the pediatric population is generally far less likely to develop COVID-19, even though their rate of infection is similar to adults (10), may offer productive clues, enabling strategies for (1) Coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection due to cross-reactive T cell immunity and crossreactive antibody immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, and due to reduced ACE2 in nasal mucosa of children. A reasonable conjecture might be that, if ACE2 and/or TMPRSS2 expression is diminished in children, then viral infection of respiratory cells by SARS-CoV-2 might be less likely at any given viral load, and, additionally, there might be reduced expression of associated inflammatory modules. T[h]2 inflammation may predispose individuals to experience better COVID-19 outcomes through a decrease in airway levels of ACE2 that override any countervailing effect from increased expression of TMPRSS2." It is indeed surprising that the Th2 immune type associated with allergic diseases including asthma, and with eosinophilia, provides some protection to COVID-19 in children. abstract: The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32883878/ doi: 10.1073/pnas.2012358117 id: cord-277529-z2r14w2k author: Stella, Alessandro title: Familial Mediterranean Fever and COVID-19: Friends or Foes? date: 2020-09-18 words: 3634.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277529-z2r14w2k.txt summary: We were intrigued by the remarkable overlap between these clinical manifestations and some of the typical manifestations of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), a largely recessively inherited monogenic inflammasomopathy (autoinflammatory disorder involving the inflammasome) caused by mutations in the MEFV gene that is particularly prevalent in the Mediterranean basin (14) . It is tempting to speculate that FMF patients carrying V726A and R761H variants-which represents the wild type residues in all bats and pangolin sequences-might modulate better their cytokine response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the severity of COVID-19 disease in FMF patients, once infected, might be influenced, at least partially, depending on specific MEFV genotypes which shows country-specific differences. FMF, in which Pyrin activity and consequent ASC oligomerization are increased because of MEFV pathogenic variants, may therefore represent a unique opportunity as a disease model to investigate the regulation of the inflammatory response to novel emerging viruses. abstract: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and COVID-19 show a remarkable overlap of clinical symptoms and similar laboratory findings. Both are characterized by fever, abdominal/chest pain, elevation of C-reactive protein, and leukocytosis. In addition, colchicine and IL-1 inhibitors treatments that are effective in controlling inflammation in FMF patients have recently been proposed for off-label use in COVID-19 patients. Thus, FMF may resemble a milder recapitulation of the cytokine storm that is a hallmark of COVID-19 patients progressing to severe disease. We analyzed the sequence of the MEFV-encoded Pyrin protein – whose mutations cause FMF- in mammals, bats and pangolin. Intriguingly, although Pyrin is extremely conserved in species that are considered either a reservoir or intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2, some of the most common FMF-causing variants in humans are present as wildtype residues in these species. We propose that in humans, Pyrin may have evolved to fight highly pathogenic infections. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.574593 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574593 id: cord-147853-h9t7sp4z author: Stephany, Fabian title: The CoRisk-Index: A data-mining approach to identify industry-specific risk assessments related to COVID-19 in real-time date: 2020-03-27 words: 7674.0 sentences: 396.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-147853-h9t7sp4z.txt summary: The study presented here investigates a potential data source that could provide an empirical basis to identify industry-specific economic risks related to COVID-19 and to inform models on the economic effects of the current crisi. While not all sectors of the economy mention severe short-term risk factors due to the corona-crisis, the dense integration of business activities between all parts of the economy implies that adverse effects of the crisis could likely spread from currently affected industries to others over time. Working hypothesis: SEC 10-K reports contain corona-related information, which allow to track the industryspecific economic risk assessments in near real-time as the economic crisis unfolds. While a one-dimensional categorisation of risk assessments tends to over-simplify the crisis firms are facing, it allows to compare the different industries and to identify those parts of the economy, which currently report more or less severe effecs due to the immediate economic consequences of the pandemic. abstract: While the coronavirus spreads, governments are attempting to reduce contagion rates at the expense of negative economic effects. Market expectations plummeted, foreshadowing the risk of a global economic crisis and mass unemployment. Governments provide huge financial aid programmes to mitigate the economic shocks. To achieve higher effectiveness with such policy measures, it is key to identify the industries that are most in need of support. In this study, we introduce a data-mining approach to measure industry-specific risks related to COVID-19. We examine company risk reports filed to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This alternative data set can complement more traditional economic indicators in times of the fast-evolving crisis as it allows for a real-time analysis of risk assessments. Preliminary findings suggest that the companies' awareness towards corona-related business risks is ahead of the overall stock market developments. Our approach allows to distinguish the industries by their risk awareness towards COVID-19. Based on natural language processing, we identify corona-related risk topics and their perceived relevance for different industries. The preliminary findings are summarised as an up-to-date online index. The CoRisk-Index tracks the industry-specific risk assessments related to the crisis, as it spreads through the economy. The tracking tool is updated weekly. It could provide relevant empirical data to inform models on the economic effects of the crisis. Such complementary empirical information could ultimately help policymakers to effectively target financial support in order to mitigate the economic shocks of the crisis. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.12432v3.pdf doi: nan id: cord-298682-5heb9biz author: Stephen, Shine title: COVID-19: Weighing the Endeavors of Nations, with Time to Event Analysis date: 2020-08-17 words: 2888.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298682-5heb9biz.txt summary: Two days later, a public health emergency was declared, which barred entry to foreign nationals who had visited COVID-19 affected nations (China, Iran, United Kingdom, Ireland, or the 26 European countries) in the past 2 weeks. A human bio-security emergency was declared on March 18 th owing to the hazard to human health caused by COVID-19, and stringent measures were imposed with the shutting down of non-essential services, urging vulnerable people to stay indoors, social distancing rule of 4 square meters per person in an enclosed space (which was later modified to include only 2 people who could meet in public places). By mid-March all non-essential businesses were shut down along with schools, entertainment venues, and public gatherings were While the government declared a state of emergency, the fight against the pandemic was driven by public health authorities deploying a policy of prompting people to use face masks, hand sanitizers, practice social distancing, and staying at home. abstract: The cataclysmic COVID-19 pandemic erupted silently causing colossal impact worldwide, the repercussions of which indicated a lackadaisical vigilance in preparation for such a pandemic. This review assessed the measures taken by nations to contain this pandemic. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and WHO website. There were 8 nations (selected from the GHS index list) appraised for containment strategies. This was achieved by using mortality rate (per million) as the primary endpoint. The nations which were proactive, initiated scientific strategies earlier with rigor, appeared to have succeeded in containing the pandemic, although it is still too early to arbitrate a verdict. The so called “pandemic war” mandates international, interdisciplinary, and interdepartmental collaboration. Furthermore, building trust and confidence between the government and the public, having transparent communication, information sharing, use of advanced research-technology, and plentiful resources are required in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.02 doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.02 id: cord-297638-ab70s980 author: Stephens, Angela J. title: General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-28 words: 4515.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297638-ab70s980.txt summary: 31 Additionally, this trial also demonstrated increased maternal morbidity, such as hemorrhage and infection, associated with expectant management of PPROM after 34 weeks that would further increase exposure to different medical personnel, movement between different hospital settings (i.e., labor, operating room, and intensive care unit), and overall length of stay. Although there has been a recent trend to allow a longer second stage of labor in hope of reducing the cesarean delivery rate due to failure to progress in the second stage, a prolonged second stage may be ill advised during the COVID-19 pandemic due to an increased risk of respiratory secretion exposures to visitors and medical personnel. An Analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes Intentional early delivery versus expectant management for preterm premature rupture of membranes at 28-32 weeks'' gestation: a multicentre randomized controlled trial (MICADO STUDY) abstract: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes. Key Points • Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. • COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients. • Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710308 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710308 id: cord-315297-o8mwmjql author: Stephens, Elizabeth H. title: COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery date: 2020-04-14 words: 2827.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315297-o8mwmjql.txt summary: This document is not meant to be a guideline but is designed to provide guidance for decision-making as we face unparalleled challenges related to congenital cardiac surgery care during this pandemic. Many factors pertaining to an individual case must be weighed, including: 1) resource-utilization, such as anticipated ventilator duration, intensive care unit stay, blood product usage, and other supplies that are or may become limited, 2) clinical status of the patient and risk of delaying surgery, 3) risk of exposure for the patient, family, and healthcare staff, and 4) co-morbidities and complexity of the procedure with implications on the usage of hospital resources, 5) in teaching hospitals, training may have to be curtailed and the most experienced surgeons used liberally, and 6) the safety of the patient''s social and clinical situation if surgery is delayed. Institutions may re-deploy members of the congenital cardiac surgery team to other patient-care settings, further depleting resources and also increasing exposure. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302660/ doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.001 id: cord-333327-r7yqk8tm author: Stephens, Elizabeth H. title: Courage, Fortitude, and Effective Leadership of Surgical Teams During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 3057.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333327-r7yqk8tm.txt summary: 1, 2 In this commentary, we discuss the factors that test our emotional resilience during this time and how we, as leaders of our surgical teams, can foster fortitude in ourselves and those around us, to ultimately provide the best care possible for our patients. As surgeons who are most comfortable being in control, our personal and professional lives can feel out of control when uncertainty is present-uncertainty regarding the timeline of reactivation, duration and safety of delay for patients, the constantly changing screening protocols, what protective equipment is most appropriate and what is available, the timing and magnitude of resurgence(s), and the future health of ourselves, our team members, and our families. One recent study based on the COVID experience in China identified that the most impactful factors associated with stress among health care workers were personal safety, concern for their families, and patient mortality. abstract: The world as we once knew it has been drastically altered secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The impact of these changes, particularly for those practicing in the medical profession, extends beyond the physical to the psychological, emotional, and spiritual. We discuss the factors that contribute to these stresses, way to manage them, and how we as leaders of our teams can inspire resilience and help our colleagues endure these most difficult times. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120938330 doi: 10.1177/2150135120938330 id: cord-309823-fwa6mpb9 author: Stergachis, Andy title: Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China date: 2020-04-10 words: 960.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309823-fwa6mpb9.txt summary: 3 Furthermore, pharmacists have demonstrated the importance of their roles as key partners to public health agencies by dispensing critical drugs and other medical products, providing patient care services, administering vaccines, and providing information to the public during pandemics and other emergencies. 4, 5 In this issue, Hua et al 6 describe pharmaceutical services in a large module hospital, that is, an alternative care site, in Wuhan, China, for treating patients with COVID-19. The pharmaceutical department of Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital established a pharmacy command structure that oversaw the design and implementation of the module hospital''s drug supply, drug dispensing, quality control of medicines, and clinical pharmaceutical care. 10 Despite these few limitations, this paper provides the health care and public health communities with information that may be helpful when planning for medication-related services for alternative care settings. Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in module hospital under COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.005 doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2020.04.005 id: cord-034373-7v7r44do author: Stevens, Jennifer P. title: Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date: 2020-10-23 words: 2335.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt summary: As described by Sargut and McGrath, one of the biggest challenges health care leaders face in dealing with complex systems is the "vantage point" problem,1 where the individual actors and leaders are unable to truly see the whole,2 especially in rare events like Covid-19. While these systems primarily create a shared mental model for action, resource demands, and communications, they also bring to the fore additional voices and vantage points for managing health care delivery beyond the bounds of the immediate surge, including which metrics to follow and how to evaluate data. Finally, as health care systems face increasing shifts in the pandemic, we propose identifying forecasting tools that provide opportunities to learn about the complex system of our health care environment and Covid-19 itself, rather than depending on unrealistic assumptions. The result is a forecasting model that leverages the principles of complexity to guide hospital leadership, providing weekly updates to a group of health care leaders about how and when a new surge of infections may arrive.12 abstract: New metrics and forecasting models are key to understanding and anticipating the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7584320/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0505 id: cord-324204-y8eckkyb author: Stevens, Michael P. title: Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck date: 2020-03-13 words: 756.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324204-y8eckkyb.txt summary: To the Editor-To our knowledge, no formal recommendations exist for the inclusion of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in disaster planning or emergency response preparedness efforts. The current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak highlights numerous opportunities where ASPs can support emerging pathogen response and planning efforts. An informal Twitter poll was initiated on March 1, 2020, asking the infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship communities whether ASPs at their health systems had been involved in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 outbreak response or preparation. 2 Response efforts to novel respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 represent an opportunity for programs to formally integrate, to develop crosscoverage capabilities, and to create shared leadership opportunities. ASPs can support SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 response efforts in numerous ways within the context of their normal daily activities. We recommend that hospital epidemiology programs strongly consider integrating their ASP colleagues into disaster preparedness plans as well as identify a more formal role for stewards in their operations beyond the current COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.69 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.69 id: cord-255208-rbko9ecz author: Stevens, Ryan W. title: Time to Treat: Applying Lessons Learned from Other Viral Syndromes to SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-12 words: 2043.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255208-rbko9ecz.txt summary: Herein we describe the potential impact of time to therapy initiation on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and detail the existing data surrounding this topic in relation to remdesivir, convalescent plasma, lopinavir/ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine. A bulk of published COVID-19 literature to date has consisted of small observational studies, early reports of larger-scale retrospective data, and few randomized, controlled clinical trials. In theory this may also hold true for SARS-CoV-2, where earlier initiation of antiviral therapy during the early postexposure, minimally symptomatic phase, being likely to result in the greatest possible clinical benefit in the form of shortening the duration of illness, viral shedding, modulating the immune response, and subsequent prevention of hospitalization. For example, a study from China demonstrated that patients who received treatment within 6 days of symptom onset demonstrated shorter times to viral clearance as compared to those who received later therapy initiation. abstract: In many different infectious syndromes, most notably several viral conditions, time to therapy initiation from symptom onset has been identified as a critical component contributing to the success of therapy. With regards to COVID-19, several therapeutic antivirals, both repurposed and novel, have been evaluated for overall safety and efficacy. As the literature related to these therapies has expanded over the last several months, a wide array of trial designs, time to therapy initiation thresholds, and clinical outcomes with regards to time to initiation have been reported. Herein we describe the potential impact of time to therapy initiation on outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and detail the existing data surrounding this topic in relation to remdesivir, convalescent plasma, lopinavir/ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33073177/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.010 id: cord-280695-r3oldfaj author: Stewart, Cameron title: COVID-19 and Australian Prisons: Human Rights, Risks, and Responses date: 2020-11-09 words: 2818.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280695-r3oldfaj.txt summary: This article examines the current regulatory responses from Australian state and territory governments to COVID-19 and a recent case which tested the human rights of prisoners during a pandemic. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) issued a joint statement urging … political leaders to consider limiting the deprivation of liberty, including pretrial detention, to a measure of last resort, particularly in the case of overcrowding, and to enhance efforts to resort to non-custodial measures. (Anthony 2020, ¶4 under "Why releasing some prisoners is the best option") Anthony (2020) called attention to the disproportionate risk on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, given their over-representation in Australian prisons and raised concerns about overcrowding and the impact of poorer health on susceptibility to COVID-19 transmission. abstract: Australian prisons are overpopulated with people suffering from numerous health problems. COVID-19 presents a significant threat to prisoner health. This article examines the current regulatory responses from Australian state and territory governments to COVID-19 and a recent case which tested the human rights of prisoners during a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169262/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10054-3 id: cord-338600-wpfcxnyu author: Stewart, Cameron title: Mental Capacity Assessments for COVID-19 Patients: Emergency Admissions and the CARD Approach date: 2020-11-09 words: 3108.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338600-wpfcxnyu.txt summary: Valid consent requires an appropriate standard of information provision and of voluntariness and, crucially, for patients to demonstrate the capacity to make decisions about their medical treatment (Lamont, Stewart, and Chiarella 2016a, 2016b) . In this article we define mental capacity, restate the legal test, and provide practical advice on how to assess the capacity of COVID-19 patients in emergency and critical care settings, including a short list of questions which flag capacity issues which we refer to as the CARD approach. Capacity forms the basis of the legal doctrines of consent to treatment (the process of gaining permission to treat) and informed consent (the duty to provide material information regarding the nature, purpose, benefits, and risks of having or not having treatment (see Reibl v Hughes [1980] The common law test for mental capacity, which emerged from the case of Re C (Adult: Refusal of Treatment) [1994] 1 WLR 290 (see Box 1), requires a patient to be able to 1. abstract: The doctrine of consent (or informed consent, as it is called in North America) is built upon presumptions of mental capacity. Those presumptions must be tested according to legal rules that may be difficult to apply to COVID-19 patients during emergency presentations. We examine the principles of mental capacity and make recommendations on how to assess the capacity of COVID-19 patients to consent to emergency medical treatment. We term this the CARD approach (Comprehend, Appreciate, Reason, and Decide). url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10055-2 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10055-2 id: cord-254628-706vpjsv author: Stewart, Claire R. title: Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations date: 2020-06-03 words: 652.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254628-706vpjsv.txt summary: 1 Despite appropriate precautions to reduce transmission risk, many dermatology faculty, residents, staff, and their families are at increased risk for COVID-19 infection while caring for patients. As stay at home orders expire, delayed surgeries and in-person semi-urgent appointments will be scheduled, with increased patient volume and heightened COVID-19 infection risk. 2 Those with comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, are at even higher risk for hospitalization substantiated by a case series of 5700 individuals hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection. 5 While limited data is available on pregnant women with COVID-19, early reports and lessons from other severe respiratory infections, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, suggest that pregnant women may be at increased risk for complications. To reduce risk of COVID-19 infection acquired in the workplace, we must maintain an adequate supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) and enforce social distancing. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495403/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13749 id: cord-350177-j9wyrfse author: Stewart, John A. title: ILCOR’s revised Covid-19 defibrillation recommendation requires a new approach to training date: 2020-11-07 words: 1317.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350177-j9wyrfse.txt summary: The new recommendation calls for sending one caregiver into the isolation room in order to initiate bedside monitoring and defibrillate if indicated, while the code team is donning their personal protective equipment. With their recent revision, the International Liaison Committee on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation''s (ILCOR''s) guidelines reflect these PPE guidelines but also specifically identify defibrillation as unlikely to generate aerosols, consequently recommending that hospitals "consider attempting defibrillation [for patients with tachyarrhythmic arrests] before donning personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures" and before starting chest compressions [2] -echoing an approach developed in 2003 in response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) crisis [3] . If defibrillation was successful, the code would likely be shortened, thus decreasing the risk of Covid-19 transmission to caregivers while also giving the patient a decent chance to survive. Focused defibrillation training promises to decrease confusion and delay in Covid-19 resuscitation efforts. Abbreviations PPE: Personal protective equipment; AGP: Aerosol generating procedure; ILCOR: International liaison committee on cardiopulmonary resuscitation abstract: In-hospital resuscitation practices have changed by necessity in the Covid-19 era, principally due to precautions intended to protect caregivers from infection. This has resulted in serious delays in resuscitation response. ILCOR has recently modified its guidelines to separate defibrillation from other interventions, recognizing that shock success is extremely time-dependent and that defibrillation poses relatively little risk of Covid-19 transmission. The new recommendation calls for sending one caregiver into the isolation room in order to initiate bedside monitoring and defibrillate if indicated, while the code team is donning their personal protective equipment. Implementing this change requires focused training in that specific role. This can be accomplished by intensively training a subset of clinical staff to assume the responsibility and act without hesitation when a code occurs. Focused defibrillation training promises to avoid compromising the care of patients experiencing tachyarrhythmic arrests in the setting of Covid-19. Such a training program might even result in better survival than before the pandemic for this subset of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00804-y doi: 10.1186/s13049-020-00804-y id: cord-339645-0babe90b author: Stewart, Ruth title: Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and the COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-20 words: 1071.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339645-0babe90b.txt summary: Weak health systems in LMICs are generally struggling to make the necessary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of comorbidities are putting our populations at increased risk of the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic. 8 In many countries, these challenges have come on top of entrenched economic, social, and political pressures and present considerable demands on researchers seeking to generate evidence in the COVID-19 response. Despite these practical challenges, above and beyond those faced by all researchers producing rapid reviews during this period, 10 our networks continue to generate evidence syntheses to support our governments and strengthen their capacities and resilience. We need action from individuals, organisations, govern ments, and donors to enable and sustain the generation and use of evidence synthesis in LMICs if we are to tackle COVID-19 globally. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620321413 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32141-3 id: cord-325309-c9zuh7xs author: Stickley, A. title: COVID-19 preventive behaviors among people with anxiety and depression: Findings from Japan date: 2020-06-20 words: 2012.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325309-c9zuh7xs.txt summary: This study used cross-sectional online survey data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May, 2020, to examine the association between anxiety and depression and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that both anxiety and depression were associated with lower odds for engaging in preventive behaviors such as wearing a face mask and hand washing. Against this backdrop, the current study will examine the effects of anxiety and depression on COVID-19 preventive behaviors in a sample of the Japanese general population. This study used data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May 2020 to examine the association between mental health status and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Until now there has been little focus on the association between mental health and protective behaviors pertaining to the prevention of infectious disease although our results agree in part with those from a recent study from China, which showed that depressive symptoms may inhibit preventive behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (Liu et al., 2020) . abstract: Little is known about COVID-19 preventive behaviors among individuals with mental health problems. This study used cross-sectional online survey data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May, 2020, to examine the association between anxiety and depression and COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Results from logistic regression analyses showed that both anxiety and depression were associated with lower odds for engaging in preventive behaviors such as wearing a face mask and hand washing. Our results highlight the importance of facilitating the performance of preventive behaviors in individuals with mental health problems to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in this population. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.19.20135293v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.19.20135293 id: cord-318737-b32tk5ze author: Stickley, Andrew title: COVID-19 preventive behaviours among people with anxiety and depressive symptoms: Findings from Japan date: 2020-10-10 words: 1604.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318737-b32tk5ze.txt summary: Information was obtained on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours, and anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Results In models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, anxiety (Coefficient: -0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.30,-0.24) and depressive symptoms (Coefficient: -0.82, 95%CI: -1.34,-0.30) were both associated with significantly lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. 3 Support for the notion that CMDs might be associated with increased engagement in preventive behaviours also comes from another study from Hong Kong, which recently found that people with symptoms of anxiety were more likely to adopt social distancing measures in response to the threat of COVID-19. 5 The current study will examine the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of the Japanese general population. In the second analysis the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and each of the individual preventive behaviours was examined using binomial logistic regression. abstract: Objectives To examine COVID-19 preventive behaviours among individuals with mental health problems. Study design A pooled cross-sectional study. Methods Online survey data were analyzed from 2000 Japanese adults collected in April and May, 2020. Information was obtained on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours, and anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations. Results In models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, anxiety (Coefficient: -0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.30,-0.24) and depressive symptoms (Coefficient: -0.82, 95%CI: -1.34,-0.30) were both associated with significantly lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of facilitating the performance of preventive behaviours in individuals with mental health problems to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in this population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350620304364?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.017 id: cord-328645-twl80ql1 author: Stickley, Andrew title: Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults date: 2020-09-03 words: 3857.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328645-twl80ql1.txt summary: RESULTS: In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and mental health variables, both dichotomous and continuous loneliness measures were negatively associated with engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. 8,9 Evidence suggests that the trajectory of loneliness may have remained stable during the early phase of the pandemic but at a high level for many people, 10 while a number of studies have linked feeling lonely to worse mental health including depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research has linked worse psychological health (anxiety, depression) to poorer COVID-19 preventive behaviours, 14 while earlier studies have shown an association between loneliness and lower medical adherence. This study used data from 2000 Japanese adults collected in the early phase of the ongoing pandemic to examine the association between loneliness and the use of COVID-19 preventive behaviours. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that loneliness may be linked to poorer health behaviours. Despite this, there has been little research to date on the relationship between loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. We studied these associations in a sample of the Japanese population. METHODS: Data were analysed from an online survey of 2000 adults undertaken in April and May 2020. Loneliness was assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Information was also collected on 13 COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Regression analyses were used to examine associations. RESULTS: In linear regression models adjusted for demographic and mental health variables, both dichotomous and continuous loneliness measures were negatively associated with engaging in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Logistic regression analyses further showed that loneliness was also associated with reduced odds for a variety of individual preventive behaviours including wearing a mask (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.95), disinfecting hands (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.94) and social distancing when outdoors (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness is associated with lower engagement in COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Interventions to prevent or ameliorate loneliness during the ongoing pandemic may be important in combating the spread of the coronavirus. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa151 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa151 id: cord-277833-x81ni7m5 author: Stienen, Martin N. title: COVID-19 in Europe: Le roi est mort, vive le roi! date: 2020-05-18 words: 1499.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277833-x81ni7m5.txt summary: 4, 5 In the past couple of weeks, the COVID-19 crisis with its near 2.5 million confirmed cases (170,000 casualties) has fundamentally impacted our practice as spine surgeons worldwide, as it has exerted a significant effect on us as human beings. Most spine surgeons in the public sector in Europe are employed by hospitals -on more or less fixed salary -without major economic pressure to operate and with the comfortable protection of high social security standards for a system-relevant profession. It is sad but very likely that the heavy blow of this crisis is yet to come: as the European economy continues to bleed out, unemployment and poverty are on the rise, which has a well-known and long-lasting (spanning over several generations) negative effect on bodily and mental health. The patient fulfills certain risk factors for unfavorable course in case of COVID-19 infection and according to the NASS (North American Spine Society) guidelines he would qualify for "elective" or potentially for "urgent" care. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040202.105 doi: 10.14245/ns.2040202.105 id: cord-158545-qp5aemzw author: Stier, Andrew J. title: COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size date: 2020-03-23 words: 2529.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-158545-qp5aemzw.txt summary: Here, we estimate the growth rates and reproductive numbers of COVID-19 in US cities from March 14th through March 19th to reveal a power-law scaling relationship to city population size. This means that COVID-19 is spreading faster on average in larger cities with the additional implication that, in an uncontrolled outbreak, larger fractions of the population are expected to become infected in more populous urban areas. The growth rate of COVID-19 cases is approximately 2.4 times faster in New York-Newark-Jersey compared to Oak Harbour, WA (b) In the absence of effective controls, larger cities are expected to have more extensive epidemics than smaller cities, Eq. Second, the size of an epidemic outbreak, as measured by the percent of the population that becomes infected, is also related to the reproductive number. In order to estimate the reproductive number R we multiplied the growth rate of each city, r, by an average infections period of 1/γ = 4.5 days and adding one (see below). abstract: The current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an unprecedented global health and economic threat to interconnected human societies. Until a vaccine is developed, strategies for controlling the outbreak rely on aggressive social distancing. These measures largely disconnect the social network fabric of human societies, especially in urban areas. Here, we estimate the growth rates and reproductive numbers of COVID-19 in US cities from March 14th through March 19th to reveal a power-law scaling relationship to city population size. This means that COVID-19 is spreading faster on average in larger cities with the additional implication that, in an uncontrolled outbreak, larger fractions of the population are expected to become infected in more populous urban areas. We discuss the implications of these observations for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak, emphasizing the need to implement more aggressive distancing policies in larger cities while also preserving socioeconomic activity. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.10376v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-322580-7ohso8hl author: Stochino, Claudia title: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and active tuberculosis co-infection in an Italian reference hospital date: 2020-06-01 words: 1321.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322580-7ohso8hl.txt summary: Patients with active TB admitted to the hospital were analysed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on their clinical course as well as radiologic and laboratory consequences of the co-infection. $ at COVID-19 diagnosis compared to the last available CXR result; ^ isoniazid-resistance was detected only through genotypic drugsusceptibility test; * lung pattern at chest radiography; ** lung pattern at chest computed tomography scan; £ ferritin was n ot routinely assessed but was part of a set of exams to perform only in patients affected by COVID-19, however, due to the lag obtaining the swab results for SARS-CoV-2 it was not included; & Frequent blood transfusions to treat severe anaemia due to sickle cell disease; ‡ O2 supply ex novo; § O2 supply at admission ad then stopped; # oxygen supply was required temporarily due to pleural blebs rupture and consequent pneumothorax. abstract: The COVID-19 infection rate was high in patient with active tuberculosis. Major clinical complications were seen only in two patients thus requiring ex novo oxygen supply, one of whom with advanced tuberculosis died. Nasal swab viral clearance was rapid. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01708-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.01708-2020 id: cord-341527-03rh966o author: Stockton, John title: Dexmedetomidine and worsening hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19: A case report date: 2020-05-27 words: 1165.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341527-03rh966o.txt summary: Here, we report a case of dexmedetomidine use in the setting of worsening hypoxemia, whereby oxygenation improved and intubation was avoided. Well known pharmacologic properties of the drug, namely the lack of respiratory depression and its anti-delirium effects, as well as other possible physiologic effects, suggest potential benefit for patients being managed with a delayed intubation approach. If dexmedetomidine can improve compliance with non-invasive oxygen support (the current recommended first-line therapy) while promoting better oxygenation, it may also decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and thus improve mortality. While early intubation was the initial recommended strategy for COVID-19 hypoxemia, a large case series in the US as well as data coming out of Britain, China, and Italy suggests a high mortality for patients requiring invasive ventilation [2] . In this case, we believe dexmedetomidine helped one patient avoid mechanical ventilation by improving compliance with non-invasive ventilation and promoting better oxygenation. abstract: Emergency department management of hypoxemia in the setting of COVID-19 is riddled with uncertainty. The lack of high-quality research has translated to an absence of clarity at the bedside. With disease spread outpacing treatment consensus, provider discretion has taken on a heightened role. Here, we report a case of dexmedetomidine use in the setting of worsening hypoxemia, whereby oxygenation improved and intubation was avoided. Well known pharmacologic properties of the drug, namely the lack of respiratory depression and its anti-delirium effects, as well as other possible physiologic effects, suggest potential benefit for patients being managed with a delayed intubation approach. If dexmedetomidine can improve compliance with non-invasive oxygen support (the current recommended first-line therapy) while promoting better oxygenation, it may also decrease the need for mechanical ventilation and thus improve mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32475761/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.066 id: cord-277765-koa8ao10 author: Stoddard, M. title: COVID-19 isolation and containment strategies for ships: Lessons from the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak date: 2020-11-07 words: 4779.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277765-koa8ao10.txt summary: We assumed disease dynamics in this period reflect the underlying rate of disease spread before outbreak response measures such as increased testing-based isolation and mass evacuation began impacting the number of cases. The Navy employed two strategies to control the Roosevelt outbreak: removal of sailors at random by mass evacuation and targeted removal of sailors who tested positive by isolation (either onboard or onshore) (LaGrone, Jun 2020). In Figure 2 , we assess the impact of a mass evacuation-based outbreak mitigation strategy, in which testing is absent and sailor removals are exposure-agnostic. The selected strategy involves evacuation of 5% of crew members daily until 10% of the initial crew remains; testing at a rate of 10% of the total crew daily; and immediate implementation of both measures at the time of detection of the first case ( Figure 6 ). abstract: The control of shipborne disease outbreaks represents a vexing but entirely predictable challenge at the start of any pandemic. Passenger ships, with large numbers of people confined in close quarters, can serve as incubators of disease, seeding the pandemic across the globe as infected passengers return home. Short-term steps taken by local authorities can exacerbate this problem, creating humanitarian crises and worsening the scale of the outbreak. In this work, we have undertaken a model-based examination of the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 spread aboard the aircraft carrier. We have used a series of counterfactual "what-if" analyses to better understand the options available to public health authorities in such situations. The models suggest that rapid mass evacuation and widespread surveillance testing can be effective in these settings. Our results lead to a set of generalizable recommendations for disease control that are broadly applicable to the current COVID-19 crisis as well as to future pandemics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.05.20226712v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226712 id: cord-294557-4h0sybiy author: Stogiannos, N. title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know date: 2020-06-04 words: 6725.0 sentences: 377.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294557-4h0sybiy.txt summary: Objectives include to: i) outline pathophysiology and basic epidemiology useful for radiographers, ii) discuss the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis of Covid-19, iii) summarise national and international guidelines of imaging Covid-19, iv) present main clinical and imaging findings and v) summarise current safety recommendations for medical imaging practice. CXR imaging of suspected or confirmed Covid-19 cases should be performed with portable equipment within specifically designated isolated rooms for eliminating the risks of cross-infection within the Radiology department. After the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, many professional bodies and learned societies have been quick to issue official guidelines on how medical imaging should optimally be performed for early diagnosis and related management of these patients, but also how staff should be protected from cross-infection. Chest radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): analysis of nine patients treated in Korea Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim is to review current literature related to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases. KEY FINDINGS: Medical Imaging plays an important auxiliary role in the diagnosis of Covid-19 patients, mainly those most seriously affected. Practice differs widely among different countries, mainly due to the variability of access to resources (viral testing and imaging equipment, specialised staff, protective equipment). It has been now well-documented that chest radiographs should be the first-line imaging tool and chest CT should only be reserved for critically ill patients, or when chest radiograph and clinical presentation may be inconclusive. CONCLUSION: As radiographers work on the frontline, they should be aware of the potential risks associated with Covid-19 and engage in optimal strategies to reduce these. Their role in vetting, conducting and often reporting the imaging examinations is vital as well as their contribution in patient safety and care. Medical Imaging should be limited to critically ill patients, and where it may have an impact on the patient management plan. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: At the time of publication, this review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners in radiology departments, including radiographers. Radiography practice has to significantly adjust to these new requirements to support optimal and safe imaging practices for the diagnosis of Covid-19. The adoption of low dose CT, rigorous infection control protocols and optimal use of personal protective equipment may reduce the potential risks of radiation exposure and infection, respectively, within Radiology departments. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078817420300845 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.05.012 id: cord-355578-z4rjwknv author: Stoker, Steven title: Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Trauma at a Community Level II Trauma Center date: 2020-06-08 words: 3281.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355578-z4rjwknv.txt summary: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the "shelter-in-place" order on orthopaedic trauma presenting to a community level II trauma center. Although it is difficult to determine what portion of the decrease in OTE is attributable to the shelter-in-place order versus the COVID-19 pandemic in general, data suggest both play a role. It is hypothesized that the overall number of orthopaedic trauma encounters (OTEs) and the number of OTEs related to both high and low severity injuries significantly decreased compared with a similar timeframe from previous years. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic and shelter-in-place order led to a decrease in traffic volume, traffic accidents, and deaths, which is related to the decrease in OTEs. A 67.2% drop (P = 0.021) in VREs occurred during March and April 2020 ( Table 1) . Overall, a 45.1% decrease in OTEs at the MOH was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and shelter-in-place order. abstract: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the “shelter-in-place” order on orthopaedic trauma presenting to a community level II trauma center. It is hypothesized that the overall number of orthopaedic trauma encounters (OTEs), the number of OTEs related to both high and low severity injuries, and the proportion of OTEs related to high severity versus low severity injuries decreased compared with previous years. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of OTEs between 2016 and 2020. High and low severity OTEs were classified according to an algorithm created by the researchers. Data were statistically analyzed and compared with external data for traffic counts, motor vehicle accidents, and Transportation Security Administration checkpoints. RESULTS: A 45.1% decrease (P = 0.0005) was seen in OTEs from March and April 2016–2019 compared with 2020. The decrease began approximately 12 days before the shelter-in-place order. There was a 58.8% decrease in high severity injuries with a fracture (P = 0.013) and a 42.9% decrease in low severities injuries (P = 0.0003). The proportion of high to low severity OTEs was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The quantity of OTEs was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and Michigan shelter-in-place order. A decrease in both high and low severity OTEs was found; however, there was no statistically significant change in the ratio of high to low severity OTEs compared with previous years. Although it is difficult to determine what portion of the decrease in OTE is attributable to the shelter-in-place order versus the COVID-19 pandemic in general, data suggest both play a role. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32541210/ doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001860 id: cord-315624-57kzulqv author: Storopoli, Jose title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-27 words: 5801.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315624-57kzulqv.txt summary: title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic Our results, drawn from 7,554 respondents, indicate that self-confidence in the ability to carry out these behaviors, confidence in the ability of social institutions such as the government, hospitals, health workers and the media to cope with the pandemic crisis, and risk perceptions are associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. For this reason, Brazil is a perfect case for our study, which investigates the role of confidence in social institutions and perceived vulnerability and efficacy in the adoption of recommended protective behaviors. In doing this, we rely on recreancy theory, which argues that confidence in the ability of social institutions and perceived vulnerability to the disease are central factors predicting the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f adoption of protective behaviors (Freudenburg, 2001; Sapp and Downing-Matibag, 2009 ). abstract: The current worldwide COVID19 pandemic has required the rapid and drastic adoption of social distancing and protective measures as the leading method for reducing the spread of the disease and death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the adoption of such measures in a large sample of the Brazilian population. We relied on recreancy theory, which argues that confidence in the ability of social institutions and perceived vulnerability to the disease are central factors predicting the adoption of these behaviors. Our results, drawn from 7,554 respondents, indicate that self-confidence in the ability to carry out these behaviors, confidence in the ability of social institutions such as the government, hospitals, health workers and the media to cope with the pandemic crisis, and risk perceptions are associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. Our results expand the recreancy theory and show that beyond the main effects, the effect of perceived vulnerability depends on the values of self-confidence and confidence in social institutions. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620306961?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113477 id: cord-295144-tyyc81uc author: Stradner, Martin H. title: Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic date: 2020-10-09 words: 9901.0 sentences: 442.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt summary: In this review, we summarize the published cases of COVID-19 infections in RMD patients, including patients with inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases as well as anti-phospholipid syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome. It also reviews the general risk of viral infections in patients with RMD, the impact of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on the outcome of infections, and gives a comparison between present and previous coronavirus pandemics. This argues against a protective role of HCQ (in the usually administered dose for RMD patients) in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is also supported by pharmacological in vitro data describing a much higher level needed for effective viral inhibition (61) . In conclusion, data published in the first 6 months do not consistently describe a higher risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 or a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with either inflammatory arthritis or connective tissue diseases. abstract: In December 2019, a cluster of severe pneumonia was observed in China, with the subsequent discovery of a new beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent. The elicited disease COVID-19 is characterized by fever, dry cough, myalgia, or fatigue and has a favorable outcome in the majority of cases. However, in some patients COVID-19 leads to severe pneumonia and sepsis with subsequent respiratory failure and gastrointestinal, hematological, neurological, and cardiovascular complications. A higher risk of infection is intrinsic to active rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and the use of biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). With an increasing number of reports on COVID-19 in RMD patients, we are beginning to appraise their risks. In this review, we summarize the published cases of COVID-19 infections in RMD patients, including patients with inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases as well as anti-phospholipid syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome. Overall, patients with inflammatory arthritis do not seem to be at a higher risk for infection or a severe course of COVID-19. Risk for critical COVID-19 in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases such as SLE or vasculitis might be increased, but this needs further confirmation. Furthermore, we summarize the data on DMARDs used to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection and hyperinflammation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154972/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.562142 id: cord-283052-x9tek77a author: Stramare, Roberto title: Radiological management of COVID-19: structure your diagnostic path to guarantee a safe path date: 2020-06-04 words: 1726.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283052-x9tek77a.txt summary: To optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. To face this challenge and in particular to optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. Obviously, all patients who require an urgent CT scan but cannot be transported to any of the two assigned CTs (i.e., mobile CT for confirmed cases, CT of the academic unit for suspected patients) are examined in the nearest radiological unit and afterwards the CT room is carefully cleaned and disinfected [5] . All suspect COVID-19 patients requiring an urgent CT are scanned with the device of the academic radiological unit (i.e., represented in orange). abstract: The current COVID-19 outbreak is requiring a tremendous effort not only regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic approach but also in terms of global management of the delivered care. Hospital administrations had to provide a prompt response to a rapidly evolving emergency characterized by the necessity of giving access to an enormous number of infected patients, guaranteeing appropriate care to patients in need of other types of treatment, and simultaneously preserving the well-being of healthcare providers. To optimize the diagnostic pathway during the current COVID-19 outbreak, the hospital administration of our tertiary center applied a highly structured framework assigning specific tasks to the different units composing the Department of Imaging. In particular, since the beginning of the pandemic, a mobile CT scanner in a truck was rented and became operative for all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and another CT was assigned for all suspected cases. The success and efficacy of the management applied by our administration is demonstrated by the fact that during the outbreak, the radiological workflow was never interrupted. In fact, despite the national lockdown only a 29.3% decrease of CT scans occurred compared to the previous year. Moreover, none of the healthcare providers of the Department contracted the infection at work. Thus, according to the experience gained in our center, we recommend to all hospital administrations facing the COVID-19 outbreak to promptly adapt their resources, creating precise and safe pathways for their diagnostic units. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-020-01231-w doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01231-w id: cord-277603-hpn1ovgo author: Strapazzon, Giacomo title: To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high-altitude disease date: 2020-06-25 words: 1055.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277603-hpn1ovgo.txt summary: Some clinicians have found the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia to be similar to high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) [1] , and such theory has been amplified via social media. The assumption that the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia are similar to HAPE [1] may rely on the initial clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients, showing profound hypoxaemia with no respiratory distress, similar to patients with acute high-altitude disease that have a chemoreceptor dysfunction. The pathogenesis of the two diseases (HAPE and COVID-19 pneumonia) is clearly different, despite similarities in clinical features, chest imaging and bronchoalveolar lavage findings in later stages, as has recently been emphasised by LUKS et al. The use @ERSpublications COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection; high-altitude pulmonary oedema is a non-cardiogenic oedema. Clinicians should focus on the development of therapeutic strategies based on the pathogenesis of the disease, and should remember that COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection primarily leading to diffuse alveolar damage and airway inflammation. abstract: COVID-19 pneumonia is a viral infection; high-altitude pulmonary oedema is a non-cardiogenic oedema. Some clinicians have found the clinical features similar. It is important to clarify such misconceptions to prevent erroneous treatment strategies https://bit.ly/2KOBi3F url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32398299/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.01362-2020 id: cord-343864-0258nh92 author: Straughn, Alex R. title: Withaferin A: a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-19 words: 2916.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343864-0258nh92.txt summary: Therefore, WFA demonstrates real potential as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent the spread of COVID-19 due to the reported interference in viral S-protein to host receptor binding and its lack of effect on ACE2 expression in the lungs. Data from four SARS-CoV-2 hot spots (the United States, Italy, Spain and China) has shown that cancer patients infected with the novel coronavirus have a significantly increased risk of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and/or requiring mechanical ventilation, as well as an increase in patient mortality [15, [17] [18] [19] . Withaferin A alone or in combination with drugs, such as: hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone or other treatments (under clinical trials), could be developed into an attractive therapeutic agent for both the general population and cancer patients due to its anti-tumorigenic properties and the preliminary studies showing that it is capable of binding to the Sprotein of SARS-CoV-2, thereby potentially inhibiting infection and/or spread of the disease. abstract: The outbreak and continued spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a preeminent global health threat that has resulted in the infection of over 11.5 million people worldwide. In addition, the pandemic has claimed the lives of over 530,000 people worldwide. Age and the presence of underlying comorbid conditions have been found to be key determinants of patient mortality. One such comorbidity is the presence of an oncological malignancy, with cancer patients exhibiting an approximate two-fold increase in mortality rate. Due to a lack of data, no consensus has been reached about the best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Interestingly, two independent research groups have discovered that Withaferin A (WFA), a steroidal lactone with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties, may bind to the viral spike (S-) protein of SARS-CoV-2. Further, preliminary data from our research group has demonstrated that WFA does not alter expression of ACE2 in the lungs of tumor-bearing female mice. Downregulation of ACE2 has recently been demonstrated to increase the severity of COVID-19. Therefore, WFA demonstrates real potential as a therapeutic agent to treat or prevent the spread of COVID-19 due to the reported interference in viral S-protein to host receptor binding and its lack of effect on ACE2 expression in the lungs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684166/ doi: 10.1186/s13048-020-00684-x id: cord-355669-90rauz66 author: Strausz, S. title: Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 2100.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355669-90rauz66.txt summary: Our findings suggest that, in assessment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, OSA needs to be recognized as one of the comorbidity risk factors for developing a severe form of the disease. We specifically aimed at evaluating if OSA associates with the risk for severe COVID-19 infection independently of other potential risk factors including age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes (including type 1 and type 2 diabetes), coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and also whether the risk for contracting COVID-19 is elevated among OSA patients. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051 doi: medRxiv preprint In our study OSA patients had five times higher risk of being hospitalized and the estimate was comparable and independent of the risk in diabetes patients, where elevated risk has been reported earlier for severe COVID-19 16 . abstract: Objective: To investigate if obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19. To examine whether the risk for contracting COVID-19 is elevated among OSA patients. Design and setting: Registry based retrospective case-control study using Finnish nationwide health registries and the FinnGen Study cohort. Participants: Information regarding OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection was extracted from the FinnGen study (N=260,405) with a total of 305 patients who had a recorded PCR-validated COVID-19 infection including 26 (8.5%) individuals who were also OSA patients. Severe COVID-19 (N=83, 27.2%) was defined as an infection requiring hospitalization. Among the hospitalized individuals there were 16 (19.3%) with OSA diagnosis. In addition, we also included in our analysis previously reported risk factors for both severe COVID-19 or risk factors and comorbidities for OSA from FinnGen. Main outcome measures: OSA diagnosis, information concerning COVID-19 infection such as hospitalization, were derived from Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry, Causes of Death Registry and the National Infectious Diseases Registry. Results: We show that OSA is a risk factor for COVID-19 hospitalization independent from age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (p-unadjusted=1.04x10^-4, OR-adjusted=5.24 [95%CI 1.33 to 23.43], p-adjusted=0.022). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.49). Conclusion: While an OSA patients risk of contracting COVID-19 is the same as non-OSA individuals, the OSA patients have a five-fold risk to be hospitalized when affected by COVID-19 than non-OSA individuals. Our findings suggest that, in assessment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection, OSA needs to be recognized as one of the comorbidity risk factors for developing a severe form of the disease. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.26.20202051v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.26.20202051 id: cord-354389-l2erwez8 author: Street, Maria Elisabeth title: HMGB1: A Possible Crucial Therapeutic Target for COVID-19? date: 2020-05-06 words: 1426.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354389-l2erwez8.txt summary: Autophagy is one of the mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and is involved in viral entry and replication in cells, so targeting this pro-Street Horm Res Paediatr 2 DOI: 10.1159/000508291 cess has been suggested as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 [12] . Finally, my research group previously showed that cystic fibrosis transductance regulator (CFTR) malfunction, as found in cystic fibrosis, increases HMGB1 serum concentrations, along with inflammation, and further increases are observed at the onset of the specifically related diabetes [24] . Furthermore, diabetes is a recognized risk factor for Sars-CoV2 infection [27] , and HMGB1 is known to be increased in diabetes [8] . CFTR and FOXO1 gene expression are reduced and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the ovaries and serum of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375153/ doi: 10.1159/000508291 id: cord-338729-v2suoj3c author: Streicher, Caroline title: Could Tocilizumab be an Attractive Therapeutic Option for Elderly Patients with Severe COVID-19? A Case Report date: 2020-09-20 words: 1629.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338729-v2suoj3c.txt summary: Indeed, the first Chinese and Italian data suggest that tocilizumab could be an efficient treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 and CRS. Recently, there have been an increased number of studies on the use of tocilizumab treatment for severe COVID-19 patients, but more information is needed on its effectiveness and safety, notably for the treatment of elderly patients. In this case, we describe the successful treatment by tocilizumab of an 87-year-old patient with severe COVID-19. Results show that tocilizumab significantly improves the prognosis of patients and confirm the benefit of tocilizumab for the treatment of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients [16] . However, to our knowledge, it is the first case report that describes the use of tocilizumab in a patient aged > 80 years with severe COVID-19. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist Tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32951190/ doi: 10.1007/s40261-020-00969-5 id: cord-353749-2vlc11rx author: Stricker, Raphael B title: Flattening the Risk: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-19 words: 3090.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt summary: 24 In one uncontrolled study, HCQ prophylaxis in a hospital setting with a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure prevented dissemination of viral infection. 40 The second case-control study of HCWs found that four or more weekly doses of HCQ resulted in significantly less infection with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted odds ratio 0.44, p<0.001). 45 In a retrospective cohort study of 32,109 rheumatic disease patients from the US Veterans Health Administration, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was equivalent regardless of chronic HCQ use (0.3% in users versus 0.4% in non-users), but mortality was significantly decreased in patients taking HCQ (odds ratio 0.70, p=0.0031). SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on chronic hydroxychloroquine therapy: implications for prophylaxis Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study Hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic era: in pursuit of a rational use for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: To date, more than 35 million people worldwide have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and more than one million have died in the COVID-19 pandemic. International economies are stalled and social isolation based on palpable fear of death remains the order of the day. The United States and other countries are moving toward resuming work activities and social interaction to boost economic recovery. While this makes financial sense, from a medical perspective our population has already suffered and will continue to suffer severe losses in the absence of a viable aggressive prophylaxis strategy for SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we present a plan to address this problem. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s264831 doi: 10.2147/idr.s264831 id: cord-261670-rd9uq6tc author: Stringer, Kathleen A. title: COVID‐19: The Uninvited Guest in the Intensive Care Unit — Implications for Pharmacotherapy date: 2020-05-04 words: 2882.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261670-rd9uq6tc.txt summary: Fever, cough, and dyspnea are the most common signs of COVID-19 5 ; it is a respiratory tract infection with pneumonia being the hallmark of more severe illness and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a serious complication and manifestation of its most critical form (Table 1) . 13 Although these findings have not been replicated in human studies or in the setting of COVID-19, such potential upregulation of ACE2 by ACE inhibitors or ARBs has resulted in speculation that these medications might worsen infection or predispose patients to myocardial injury. In a preclinical model of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS Co-V), treatment with losartan improved angiotensin signaling, ARDS, and survival, 14 and severe COVID infections are associated with low (not high) expression of ACE2. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: As the number of cases of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) rise in the United States (US), the number of severe cases (those requiring ICU admission) rise with it. Initially, the estimate for severe cases was approximated at 5% based on experience from China.1, 2 However, the World Health Organization's (WHO) estimate from China for severe and critical cases is near 20% (Table).3 The primary clinical feature of COVID-19 is pneumonia, the severity of which directs the clinical course; it has been estimated that, of patients admitted to the ICU, up to half may require either invasive or non-invasive ventilatory support.4 This has created an unprecedented situation for emergency and critical care medicine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32267979/ doi: 10.1002/phar.2394 id: cord-291144-6p40cqvk author: Strom, Mark A. title: Reticular skin eruption as the initial sign of coronavirus disease 2019 infection date: 2020-06-24 words: 1076.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291144-6p40cqvk.txt summary: INTRODUCTION Several recent reports have described clinically significant coagulopathy associated with a spectrum of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Here we describe a patient whose initial sign of COVID-19 infection was a reticular skin eruption, portending the discovery of hypercoagulability and development of severe disease. In fact, one pathologic study of 5 COVID-19 patients, 3 of whom had cutaneous signs of systemic hypercoagulability including retiform purpura and livedo racemosa, found a potential role for complement-associated microvascular injury. 7 It is notable that our patient''s skin findings preceded other symptoms of COVID-19 and may have heralded the development of coagulopathy. Reticular skin findings are increasingly described in patients with COVID-19, although they appear less frequently than other cutaneous manifestations. A recent report from the United States found transient livedo reticularis pattern in 2 patients recovering from COVID-19 who were asymptomatic at the time. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775588/ doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.06.032 id: cord-326210-216atclj author: Sturmberg, Joachim P. title: COVID‐19 – how a pandemic reveals that everything is connected to everything else date: 2020-07-06 words: 2758.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326210-216atclj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326210-216atclj.txt summary: Each of these approaches has its own dynamics affecting individuals, communities, health systems, the economy, and the nation as a whole-new patterns emerge that become understandable with increasing knowledge (Figure 1 ). The emerging dynamics then shift the system to a new-stable or unstable-state, where the relationships and the interactions between the systems'' agents have permanently changed within the context of a different set of constraints. For example, imposing community-wide (self-) isolation entails that "almost all activities stop", destroying the economy and resulting in high unemployment, poverty, and increasing disease burden, while implementing strategies to slow down the spread of infection will not guarantee that we will not overwhelm health systems or stabilize the pandemic. The detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, besides that of the disease fears, increases the dysregulation of the physiological stress responses that, in turn, result in the dysregulation of upstream metabolic pathways, which have longterm health consequences far beyond the direct effects of the pandemic to such a degree that the agents at other levels cannot do the work that needs to be done. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633056/ doi: 10.1111/jep.13419 id: cord-252965-30pl5tx3 author: Stutt, Richard O. J. H. title: A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lock-down’ in managing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 8015.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252965-30pl5tx3.txt summary: The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus species severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 [1] , has stimulated considerable controversy over the potential benefits of facemask use by the public and the timing of the initiation and termination of ''lock-down'' periods. The currently available control measures to combat SARS-Cov-2, therefore, include: physical distancing, population lock-down periods, good sanitation/hand washing/surface disinfecting, good ventilation, facemask and visor protection, as well as diagnostics followed by contact tracing and quarantine of infected and exposed individuals. We use two complementary modelling approaches to test the effectiveness of facemask wearing by sections of the population in reducing the transmission rate of SARS-Cov-2 and hence in reducing the effective reproduction number, R e (the expected number of new cases caused by a single infectious individual at a given point in the epidemic). abstract: COVID-19 is characterized by an infectious pre-symptomatic period, when newly infected individuals can unwittingly infect others. We are interested in what benefits facemasks could offer as a non-pharmaceutical intervention, especially in the settings where high-technology interventions, such as contact tracing using mobile apps or rapid case detection via molecular tests, are not sustainable. Here, we report the results of two mathematical models and show that facemask use by the public could make a major contribution to reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our intention is to provide a simple modelling framework to examine the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics when facemasks are worn by the public, with or without imposed ‘lock-down’ periods. Our results are illustrated for a number of plausible values for parameter ranges describing epidemiological processes and mechanistic properties of facemasks, in the absence of current measurements for these values. We show that, when facemasks are used by the public all the time (not just from when symptoms first appear), the effective reproduction number, R(e), can be decreased below 1, leading to the mitigation of epidemic spread. Under certain conditions, when lock-down periods are implemented in combination with 100% facemask use, there is vastly less disease spread, secondary and tertiary waves are flattened and the epidemic is brought under control. The effect occurs even when it is assumed that facemasks are only 50% effective at capturing exhaled virus inoculum with an equal or lower efficiency on inhalation. Facemask use by the public has been suggested to be ineffective because wearers may touch their faces more often, thus increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. For completeness, our models show that facemask adoption provides population-level benefits, even in circumstances where wearers are placed at increased risk. At the time of writing, facemask use by the public has not been recommended in many countries, but a recommendation for wearing face-coverings has just been announced for Scotland. Even if facemask use began after the start of the first lock-down period, our results show that benefits could still accrue by reducing the risk of the occurrence of further COVID-19 waves. We examine the effects of different rates of facemask adoption without lock-down periods and show that, even at lower levels of adoption, benefits accrue to the facemask wearers. These analyses may explain why some countries, where adoption of facemask use by the public is around 100%, have experienced significantly lower rates of COVID-19 spread and associated deaths. We conclude that facemask use by the public, when used in combination with physical distancing or periods of lock-down, may provide an acceptable way of managing the COVID-19 pandemic and re-opening economic activity. These results are relevant to the developed as well as the developing world, where large numbers of people are resource poor, but fabrication of home-made, effective facemasks is possible. A key message from our analyses to aid the widespread adoption of facemasks would be: ‘my mask protects you, your mask protects me’. url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0376 doi: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0376 id: cord-328747-bf687r6j author: St‐Denis, Xavier title: Sociodemographic Determinants of Occupational Risks of Exposure to COVID‐19 in Canada date: 2020-07-13 words: 8958.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328747-bf687r6j.txt summary: This research note explores how occupational exposure risks vary by labor force characteristics using publicly available Canadian data in combination with a data set providing information on the level of physical proximity and frequency of exposure to infections or diseases faced by workers in different occupations. Second, older workers (65 years or more), a group vulnerable to COVID‐19, appear to work in occupations requiring performing activities characterized by a lower level of physical proximity than their younger colleagues, with minimal differences in the frequency of exposure to diseases or infections. The results presented below show an unequal distribution of occupational characteristics associated with a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 (level of physical proximity with other individuals, and frequency of exposure to diseases or infections) across different groups of the workforce. The distributional statistics reported above provide evidence of important differences in occupational risks of exposure to infectious diseases such as COVID-19 by gender, age, Aboriginal identity, education, and broad occupational category. abstract: The activities performed by Canadian workers in some occupations may increase the risk of exposure to infectious diseases such as COVID‐19. This research note explores how occupational exposure risks vary by labor force characteristics using publicly available Canadian data in combination with a data set providing information on the level of physical proximity and frequency of exposure to infections or diseases faced by workers in different occupations. The results show important sociodemographic differences. First, women work in occupations associated with significantly higher average risks of exposure to COVID‐19 than men. This is driven by their overrepresentation in high‐risk broad occupational categories such as health occupations. Second, older workers (65 years or more), a group vulnerable to COVID‐19, appear to work in occupations requiring performing activities characterized by a lower level of physical proximity than their younger colleagues, with minimal differences in the frequency of exposure to diseases or infections. Finally, workers in low‐income occupations are employed in occupations that put them at greater risk of exposure to COVID‐19 than other workers. This is especially the case for women, immigrants, and members of visible minority groups in low‐income occupations. More broadly, this research note provides insights into the health‐related dimension of the literature on occupational tasks and labor market stratification. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12288 doi: 10.1111/cars.12288 id: cord-332733-rnq4z2yz author: Su, Jinghua title: Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China date: 2020-07-23 words: 1693.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt summary: Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. The aim of this survey was to explore the prevalence of anxiety among community residents in Guangzhou city, the third biggest city in China, and its association with proximity to people with COVID-19, information overload and information sources. We collected data on participants'' demographic characteristics, proximity to COVID-19 cases, time spent collecting information about coronavirus, favourite methods to obtain information, worry about COVID-19 and anxiety. Proximity to patients with COVID-19, time spent on collecting information about coronavirus and preferring to use social media as their information source were included in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety was not associated with demographic characteristics in our study, which indicates the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic may be universal in community residents. abstract: The recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) may have acute psychological consequences, both in relation to the impact of the virus itself and the restrictions imposed to tackle its spread. We conducted an online survey of 403 residents in Guangzhou, China. We found the prevalence of anxiety (defined as Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 score ≥5) was 37.7%, and anxiety was significantly and moderately correlated with worry about COVID-19. Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. Our findings provide an insight into the psychological support and guidance about information sources that are required in this type of public health emergency. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.59 doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.59 id: cord-293701-u4ntxo0y author: Su, Shan title: Learning from the past: development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines date: 2020-10-16 words: 8201.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293701-u4ntxo0y.txt summary: In this Perspective, we summarize examples of vaccine-associated disease enhancement in the history of developing vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which highlight the importance of a robust safety and efficacy profile, and present recommendations for preclinical and clinical evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine candidates as well as for vaccine design and optimization. One month later, five more candidates had also entered phase I clinical trials, and more than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates were in results, all of these vaccines induced antibodies against the spike protein (S protein) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), including antibodies that neutralized pseudotyped and live SARS-CoV-2. We summarize examples of VADE in the history of the development of vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), dengue virus (DENV), SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), each of which provides clues for safe COVID-19 vaccine development and highlights the need for rigorous preclinical and clinical safety testing. abstract: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has elicited an equally rapid response aiming to develop a COVID-19 vaccine. These efforts are encouraging; however, comprehensive efficacy and safety evaluations are essential in the development of a vaccine, and we can learn from previous vaccine development campaigns. In this Perspective, we summarize examples of vaccine-associated disease enhancement in the history of developing vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which highlight the importance of a robust safety and efficacy profile, and present recommendations for preclinical and clinical evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine candidates as well as for vaccine design and optimization. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00462-y doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00462-y id: cord-288983-a6s9di4g author: Su, Sheng-Fang title: How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-17 words: 1815.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288983-a6s9di4g.txt summary: The success of Taiwan for anti-epidemic measures included: quick response and efficient management, central production and distribution of masks/medical supplies, quarantine/isolation regulations with tracking contacts technology, and coordination between government, medical workers, public health professionals, and the whole Taiwanese society. In addition to the existing measure of onboard quarantine inspection, including fever screening of arriving passengers, suspected cases screening through history of travelling, occupation, contact and cluster (TOCC) inquiring, and health assessments conducting, all health care facilities should reinforce reporting severe cases of pneumonia among people who arrive in Taiwan from Wuhan. In light of the ongoing outbreak, CECC has introduced guidelines for high-risk individuals regarding 1) self-health management (reported cases who have tested negative and met criteria for being released from isolation, or people under "COVID-19 Community-based Surveillance), 2) 14-day home quarantine (with travel history), and 3) 14-day home isolation (who had contact with confirmed cases), and provided quarantine sites with free meals and a US$30 compensation per day during the 14-day period. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582442/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010380 id: cord-316616-j82q99in author: Su, Yen-Bo title: Cardiovascular manifestation and treatment in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 words: 4445.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316616-j82q99in.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with first presentation of atypical pneumonia, has spread rapidly from Wuhan, China, on December 12, 2019 to over 200 countries, caused 2 310 572 infected individuals and 158 691 mortalities, updated on April 19, 2020. 33, 41 In a small singlearm study of patients with confirmed COVID-19, treatment with hydroxychloroquine was associated with a significant difference in clearing of viral nasopharyngeal carriage of SARS-CoV2 within 3 to 6 days when compared with untreated controls. ACE2 levels are increased following treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which yield the concerns that using these medications might increase the severity of COVID-19, especially in patients with existing cardiovascular diseases. Patients with comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes tend to have higher risk for having severe COVID-19 which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients With coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with first presentation of atypical pneumonia, has spread rapidly from Wuhan, China, on December 12, 2019 to over 200 countries, caused 2 310 572 infected individuals and 158 691 mortalities, updated on April 19, 2020. Many studies have published timely to help global healthcare workers to understand and control the disease. Vulnerable patients with risk factors such as elderly, cardiovascular diseases (eg, hypertension, coronary disease, or cardiomyopathy), diabetes, and chronic kidney disease have worse outcomes after COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 could directly cause cardiovascular injuries such as pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, or thromboembolic events, which urge cardiologists to be involved in the frontline to practice. Here, we provide a review of COVID-19 on cardiovascular system to assist clinical cardiologists to better understand the disease and being capable of providing comprehensive medical support. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000352 doi: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000352 id: cord-307426-fkzk8ubd author: Su, Zheng title: The Critical Role of Futility Analysis in the Pursuit of Effective Treatments for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 803.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307426-fkzk8ubd.txt summary: The potential to stop a trial or some of the treatment arms early for futility is critical in the pursuit of effective treatments for COVID-19. A registry analysis of hydroxychloroquine published on May 22, 2020 [6] , which was later retracted, prompted the independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) of the RECOVERY trial to conduct an urgent review of the data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. On June 4, 2020, the DMC conducted a further review of the data, which led to the conclusion of no beneficial effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and the decision to stop enrolling patients to the hydroxychloroquine arm of the trial. The tradeoff between the cost of futility interim monitoring, which is a slight loss of study power, and allocating limited resources to more promising experimental treatments should be carefully considered by the study sponsor, the IRB and the DMC in the pursuit of safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100581 doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100581 id: cord-339686-oybnk1j8 author: Suassuna, José Hermógenes Rocco title: Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine date: 2020-08-26 words: 5770.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339686-oybnk1j8.txt summary: title: Technical note and clinical instructions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with Covid-19: Brazilian Society of Nephrology and Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine We produced this document to bring pertinent information to the practice of nephrology, as regards to the renal involvement with COVID-19, the management of acute kidney injury cases, and practical guidance on the provision of dialysis support.As information on COVID-19 evolves at a pace never before seen in medical science, these recommendations, although based on recent scientific evidence, refer to the present moment. Every professional involved in nephrological care must provide the best possible assistance to the patients under their responsibility, adopt practices that minimize their personal risk of contamination, that of their patients and the whole range of other professionals who participate in hospital kidney support, including nurses and technicians, dialysis staff, healthcare professionals from all areas (for example, doctors and nurses in intensive care medicine), laboratory and radiology technicians, cleaning and transport staff, etc. abstract: We produced this document to bring pertinent information to the practice of nephrology, as regards to the renal involvement with COVID-19, the management of acute kidney injury cases, and practical guidance on the provision of dialysis support.As information on COVID-19 evolves at a pace never before seen in medical science, these recommendations, although based on recent scientific evidence, refer to the present moment. The guidelines may be updated when published data and other relevant information become available. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-s107 doi: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-s107 id: cord-011656-zln7zmn9 author: Subedi, Asish title: Medical Ethics Versus Healthcare Workers’ Rights: Fight-or-Flee Response date: 2020-06-16 words: 860.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011656-zln7zmn9.txt summary: To the Editor I read with great interest an article by Bong 1 on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This article deals with the several health care problems faced in LMICs, and the authors have provided solutions to overcome it. 2 This report highlights the importance of psychological well-being of health care workers involved during the COVID-19 tsunami. To overcome the mental stress, the government should provide social securities and incentives to health care workers, and moral support to reassure how important we are to the country and the sacrifices we are doing at this crisis. 1 While, at this moment, when the rich countries are struggling to get the PPEs for their own health care workers, we will only have a handful of these PPEs by the time it reaches our place. Intensive care units in the context of COVID-19 in Nepal: current status and need of the hour abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302076/ doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005060 id: cord-240274-igoz2ei4 author: Subirana, Brian title: Hi Sigma, do I have the Coronavirus?: Call for a New Artificial Intelligence Approach to Support Health Care Professionals Dealing With The COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 2710.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-240274-igoz2ei4.txt summary: Just like your phone can detect what song is playing in crowded spaces, we show that Artificial Intelligence transfer learning algorithms trained on cough phone recordings results in diagnostic tests for COVID-19. 3 In several cases involving different neurological conditions, researchers were able to develop machine learning algorithms that used free-flow speech to predict disease onset earlier than human experts, including psychosis with a sample size of less than 50, 4 and cognitive impairment with less than a thousand 5 . Our implementation uses transfer learning from the domain of speech audio recordings !&''''() to the target domain of COVID infected cough audio recordings *+,-) . This approach means a novel collective effort by the Health and Engineering communities, where the first sets directions and provides patient samples in real time, while the second creates algorithms to improve infection management practices. abstract: Just like your phone can detect what song is playing in crowded spaces, we show that Artificial Intelligence transfer learning algorithms trained on cough phone recordings results in diagnostic tests for COVID-19. To gain adoption by the health care community, we plan to validate our results in a clinical trial and three other venues in Mexico, Spain and the USA . However, if we had data from other on-going clinical trials and volunteers, we may do much more. For example, for confirmed stay-at-home COVID-19 patients, a longitudinal audio test could be developed to determine contact-with-hospital recommendations, and for the most critical COVID-19 patients a success ratio forecast test, including patient clinical data, to prioritize ICU allocation. As a challenge to the engineering community and in the context of our clinical trial, the authors suggest distributing cough recordings daily, hoping other trials and crowdsourcing users will contribute more data. Previous approaches to complex AI tasks have either used a static dataset or were private efforts led by large corporations. All existing COVID-19 trials published also follow this paradigm. Instead, we suggest a novel open collective approach to large-scale real-time health care AI. We will be posting updates at https://opensigma.mit.edu. Our personal view is that our approach is the right one for large scale pandemics, and therefore is here to stay - will you join? url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06510v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-030191-tekgcthp author: Suchá, Dominika title: Suboptimal Quality and High Risk of Bias in Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies on Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography in the Acute Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review date: 2020-07-30 words: 5029.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030191-tekgcthp.txt summary: We performed a systematic review to synthesize the literature on DTA of chest radiography (CXR), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients in hospital setting and evaluated the extent of suboptimal reporting and risk-of-bias. We included papers meeting the following criteria: (1) Adults with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia presenting in a hospital setting, including emergency departments, (2) patients undergoing chest imaging including ultrasound, CXR and/or CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, (3) COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed or ruled out by reference test (i.e. RT-PCR or clinical consensus). Thirteen studies on patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and available diagnostic accuracy data on chest CT and/or CXR performance as index test and RT-PCR or clinical consensus as reference test were included (8, (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) . abstract: PURPOSE: Chest imaging techniques have been implemented for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients, based on experience with other viral pneumonias and a handful of COVID-19 diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. We performed a systematic review to synthesize the literature on DTA of chest radiography (CXR), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patients in hospital setting and evaluated the extent of suboptimal reporting and risk-of-bias. METHODS: A systematic search was performed (April 26, 2020) in Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane to identify CXR, CT or ultrasound studies in adult patients with suspected COVID-19, using RT-PCR or clinical consensus as reference standard. 2x2 contingency tables were reconstructed and test sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) re-calculated. Reporting quality was evaluated by adherence to STARD and risk-of-bias by QUADAS-2. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were eligible (CT=12, CXR=1, US=0). Re-calculated CT sensitivity and specificity ranged between 0.57-0.97 and 0.37-0.94, respectively, PPV and NPV between 0.59-0.92 and 0.57-0.96, respectively. On average studies complied with only 35% of the STARD-guideline items. No study scored low risk-of-bias for all QUADAS-2 domains (patient selection, index test, reference test, flow and timing). High risk-of-bias in ≥one domain was scored in 10/13 studies (77%). CONCLUSION: Reported CT test accuracy for COVID-19 diagnosis varies substantially. Validity and generalizability of these findings is complicated by poor adherence to reporting guidelines and high risk-of-bias, which are most likely due to the need for urgent publication of findings in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7393956/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200342 id: cord-350383-a7wa571o author: Sudeep, HV title: Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease date: 2020-04-30 words: 1672.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350383-a7wa571o.txt summary: title: Molecular docking analysis of Withaferin A from Withania somnifera with the Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) receptor and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of the cellular receptor Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) with Withaferin A from Withania somnifera in the context of COVID-19 pandemic for further consideration. In this study we have used the molecular docking tool to understand the interactions of natural products with plausible targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as host cell receptor GRP78 and COVID-19 M pro . Proteases are often considered as key targets during the discovery of antiviral drugs as they play vital roles in viral replication and polyprotein ©Biomedical Informatics (2020) processing [22] Interestingly, withaferin A was superior to the other tested compounds in its binding affinity with the protein active site. abstract: Design and development of an effective compound to combat COVID-19 is clearly critical in the current circumstances. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of the cellular receptor Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) with Withaferin A from Withania somnifera in the context of COVID-19 pandemic for further consideration. Here, we report the optimal interaction features of withaferin A, artemisinin, curcumin and andrographolide with the GRP78 receptor having low binding energies (-8.7, -7.89, -6.21 and -6.17 kcal/mol respectively) in this report. In order to gain additional insights, the interaction pattern of compounds with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) was studied. url: https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630016411 doi: 10.6026/97320630016411 id: cord-279345-dgdujcy3 author: Sudhir, Amita title: A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India date: 2020-08-11 words: 1756.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279345-dgdujcy3.txt summary: Of the available interventions to correct hypoxia, which is often the primary reason for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, the simplest is oxygen by nasal cannula. This can be administered at any facility with the ability to keep patients overnight or for multiple days, but other than oxygen concentrators or cylinders, nasal cannulas, and simple pulse oximeters, no specialized equipment or advanced moni-A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India Amita Sudhir 1 , Nachiket Mor 2 The solution of using primary care facilities and providers is adaptable to either a public or private setting, depending on the resources available in any given country. Oxygen concentrators are portable, and once the need for using them for COVID patients has passed, they can be repurposed to ambulances, clinics, and even home health settings for a host of other diseases causing hypoxia. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020346 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020346 id: cord-354661-wls1rd7d author: Suen, Yiu-tung title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong date: 2020-08-03 words: 5006.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354661-wls1rd7d.txt summary: title: Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Hong Kong Building upon earlier research, this study aimed to (1) examine COVID-19-related stressors and mental health conditions among LGB people in Hong Kong during the pandemic, (2) compare the levels of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors among subgroups of LGB people, and (3) estimate the effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms. In addition, it was hypothesized that sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors (i.e., family conflict related to sexual orientation and reduced connection to LGBT+ community) would be positively related to depressive and anxiety symptoms above and beyond general COVID-19-related stressors. This study also examined the effect of general COVID-19-related stressors on depressive and anxiety symptoms among LGB people in Hong Kong. abstract: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health has begun to be widely recognized. While the mental health of socially marginalized groups has been examined, there is an absence of studies on how the mental health of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people have been affected. 857 LGB people in Hong Kong participated in a community-based survey study. Over one-fourth of them met the criteria for probable clinical depression (31.5%) and generalized anxiety disorder (27.9%). Besides general stressors, we identified sexual minority-specific stressors during the pandemic. 4.2% of the participants indicated that they had frequently experienced family conflict related to sexual orientation. One-third responded that they had largely reduced connection to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender plus (LGBT+) community (34.7%). The results showed that sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors significantly contributed to the variance explained in depressive and anxiety symptoms, beyond the contribution of general COVID-19-related stressors. Since LGB people are particularly vulnerable to poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, LGB people-targeting organizations need to understand more about family, space and privacy concerns in order to provide better support, and LGB safe spaces and shelters may be needed as a policy response. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120319703?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113365 id: cord-349902-3ov501xx author: Sufian, Abu title: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-30 words: 7858.0 sentences: 550.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349902-3ov501xx.txt summary: title: A Survey on Deep Transfer Learning and Edge Computing for Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic Although the whole article is referred and cited current relevant stateof-the-art wherever relevant, this section is dedicated to provide a review on some of the very generic recent state-of-the-art works related to transfer learning approaches over edge computing. • A study on neutrosophic and deep transfer learning models on limited COVID-19 chest X-Ray dataset. This combined model, that is, Deep Transfer Learning over Edge Computing(DTLEC) will take the power of DL through DTL as well as would be applicable in critical sectors by EC to cope with a sudden pandemic. This article has tried to bring potentialities and challenges of Deep Transfer Learning, Edge Computing and their related issues to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic. Detection of coronavirus (covid-19) associated pneumonia based on generative adversarial networks and a fine-tuned deep transfer learning model using chest x-ray dataset abstract: Abstract Global Health sometimes faces pandemics as are currently facing COVID-19 disease. The spreading and infection factors of this disease are very high. A huge number of people from most of the countries are infected within four months from its first report of appearance and it keeps spreading. The required systems are not ready up to some stages for any pandemic; therefore, mitigation with existing capacity becomes necessary. On the other hand, modern-era largely depends on Artificial Intelligence(AI) including Data Science, and Deep Learning(DL) is one of the current flag-bearer of these techniques. It could use to mitigate COVID-19 like pandemics in terms of stop spread, diagnosis of the disease, drug & vaccine discovery, treatment, and many more. But this DL requires large datasets as well as powerful computing resources. A shortage of reliable datasets of a running pandemic is a common phenomenon. So, Deep Transfer Learning(DTL) would be effective as it learns from one task and could work on another task. In addition, Edge Devices(ED) such as IoT, Webcam, Drone, Intelligent Medical Equipment, Robot, etc. are very useful in a pandemic situation. These types of equipment make the infrastructures sophisticated and automated which helps to cope with an outbreak. But these are equipped with low computing resources, so, applying DL is also a bit challenging; therefore, DTL also would be effective there. This article scholarly studies the potentiality and challenges of these issues. It has described relevant technical backgrounds and reviews of the related recent state-of-the-art. This article also draws a pipeline of DTL over Edge Computing as a future scope to assist the mitigation of any pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1383762120301223 doi: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101830 id: cord-352553-me1tpqss author: Sugand, K. title: The impact of COVID-19 on acute Trauma and Orthopaedic referrals and surgery in the UK: the "golden peak weeks" of the first national multi-centre observational study. The COVid-Emergency Related Trauma and orthopaedics (COVERT) Collaborative date: 2020-08-24 words: 5722.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352553-me1tpqss.txt summary: Objectives: This is the first national study observing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic trauma with respect to referrals, operative caseload and mortality during the first six weeks (namely the "golden peak weeks") following the introduction of the national social distancing and lockdown measures from mid-March 2020. Conclusion: Although there was a reduction of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, the mortality rate still more than doubled in odds during the peak of the pandemic compared to the same time interval one year ago. Although there was a reduction of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, the mortality rate still more than doubled in odds during the peak of the pandemic compared to the same time interval one year ago. To observe the impact of COVID-19 on Trauma and Orthopaedic acute referrals, operative casemix and mortality rates during the ''golden peak weeks'' of the pandemic compared to the same time interval in 2019. abstract: Objectives: This is the first national study observing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic trauma with respect to referrals, operative caseload and mortality during the first six weeks (namely the "golden peak weeks") following the introduction of the national social distancing and lockdown measures from mid-March 2020. Design: A longitudinal, national, multi-centre, retrospective, observational, cohort study was conducted for the first six weeks from March 17, 2020 from start of the national social distancing and then lockdown compared to the same period in 2019 as a comparative baseline. Setting: Hospitals from seven major urban cities were recruited around the UK, including London, representing a comprehensive national picture of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown at its peak. Participants: A total of 4840 clinical encounters were initially recorded. Exclusion criterion consisted of spinal pathology only. Post-exclusion, 4668 clinical encounters were recorded and analysed within the two timeframes. Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes included the number of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, patient demographics, mortality rates, and the proportion of patients contracting COVID-19. Secondary outcomes consisted of the mechanism of injury, type of operative intervention and proportion of aerosolising-generating anaesthesia utilised. Demographics for each patient was recorded along with underlying medical co-morbidities. Sub-group analysis compared mortalities between both cohorts. Statistical analyses included mean (+/-SD), risk and odds ratios, as well as Fisher's exact test to calculate the statistical significance (p = 0.05). Results: During the COVID-19 period there was a 34% reduction in acute orthopaedic trauma referrals compared to 2019 (1792 down to 1183 referrals), and 29.5% less surgical interventions (993 down to 700 operations). The mortality rate significantly (both statistically and clinically) more than doubled for both risk and odds ratios during the COVID period in all referrals (1.3% vs 3.8%, p=0.0005) and in those undergoing operative intervention (2.2% vs 4.9%, p=0.004). Moreover, mortality due to COVID-related complications (versus non-COVID causes) had greater odds by a factor of at least 20 times. The odds ratios of road traffic accidents, sporting injuries, infection, and lower limb injuries were significantly less (by a third to a half) during the COVID period; albeit, the odds of sustaining neck of femur fractures and having falls <1.5m increased by more than 50%. For the operative cohorts, there was a greater odds of aerosolising-generating anaesthesia (including those with superimposed regional blocks) by three-quarters as well as doubling of the odds of a Consultant acting as the primary surgeon. Nevertheless, the odds of open reduction and internal fixation reduced by a quarter whereas removal of metalwork or foreign bodies reduced by three-quarters. Six-week Kaplan-Meier survival probability analysis confirmed those patients with neck of femur fracture and pre-existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were most at risk of mortality during the COVID-19 era. Conclusion: Although there was a reduction of acute trauma referrals and those undergoing operative intervention, the mortality rate still more than doubled in odds during the peak of the pandemic compared to the same time interval one year ago. Elderly patients with neck of femur fractures and existing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular comorbidities were at the highest risk stratification for mortality. This was the first national study to assess impact of COVID-19 pandemic on acute Orthopaedic trauma and it will aid clinicians in counselling trauma patients of the increased risk of mortality during the era of COVID-19 as well as acting as a risk-prediction tool influencing policymaking as the pandemic continues with potential subsequent waves. Further studies after the lifting of the lockdown are also required to observe for return of standard practice. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.22.20179770v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.22.20179770 id: cord-305048-y42o6exe author: Sugimoto, Hiroshi title: Chest tube with air leaks is a potential “super spreader” of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-05 words: 327.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305048-y42o6exe.txt summary: key: cord-305048-y42o6exe title: Chest tube with air leaks is a potential "super spreader" of COVID-19 cord_uid: y42o6exe [2] There is a concern that aerosols may also be generated from the chest tube, especially with air leaks, even after placement. We performed chest tube drainage and diagnosed an acute empyema with a bronchopleural fistula causing persistent air leaks. We strictly used personal protective equipment; nevertheless, another 7 people (2 physicians and 5 nurses) associated with the patient were infected with COVID-19. The outbreak of COVID-19 in our hospital was thought to be related to aerosols produced by the chest tube with air leaks. Further research is required to determine whether chest tubes with air leaks are a source of infectious aerosols. However, we clinicians should be attentive to the risk of nosocomial infection with COVID-19 due to chest tubes. COVID-19: chest drains with air leak -the silent ''super spreader abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655320303576?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.001 id: cord-309315-3ojmmkwf author: Sugiyama, Yohsuke title: Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report date: 2020-07-23 words: 1065.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309315-3ojmmkwf.txt summary: title: Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: A case report COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is ongoing pandemic. While a majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows asymptomatic or mild disease, hospitalized patients can develop critical condition, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Many patients of severe COVID-19 show hypercoagulable state and complicate with venous thromboembolism and atrial thrombosis. We herein reported a case of COVID-19 who developed cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) co-incidence with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Administration of unfractionated heparin followed by edoxaban treatment reduced the levels of D-dimer and improved his clinical presentation and thrombosis. We experienced a case of CVT and co-incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with COIVID-19 that was successfully treated with intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) followed by edoxaban. Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report abstract: COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and is ongoing pandemic. While a majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows asymptomatic or mild disease, hospitalized patients can develop critical condition, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Some cases deteriorate into sever systemic disease and multiorgan failure. Many patients of severe COVID-19 show hypercoagulable state and complicate with venous thromboembolism and atrial thrombosis. We herein reported a case of COVID-19 who developed cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) co-incidence with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). A 56-year-old Japanese man was presented with fever and malaise and diagnosed with COVID-19. He was treated with ciclesonide and azithromycin, but his respiratory condition deteriorated. Thus, systemic corticosteroids and favipiravir were initiated and these treatments resulted in afebrile state, improving malaise and respiratory failure. However, he suddenly developed severe headache and vomiting with increased concentration of D-dimer. Brain CT and MRI showed typical images of CVT in the left transvers sinus and CT pulmonary angiography showed PE. Administration of unfractionated heparin followed by edoxaban treatment reduced the levels of D-dimer and improved his clinical presentation and thrombosis. Monitoring coagulopathy is important in COVID-19 patients and in case of venous thromboembolism, including cerebral venous system, appropriate anticoagulant therapy should be initiated. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967586820314004?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.038 id: cord-290116-ytpofa7b author: Sujath, R. title: A machine learning forecasting model for COVID-19 pandemic in India date: 2020-05-30 words: 3555.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290116-ytpofa7b.txt summary: Figure 5 shows the COVID-19 predicted confirmed cases; death cases and recovered cases based on actual confirmed, death and recovered data with a 95% CI with LR.The graph can be interpreted that cases are going to be increased in future as per the existing case data. Figure 9 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI via LR. Figure 10 predicts the impacts of COVID-19 based on the actual data of confirmed, death and recovered cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 12 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 death based on the actual data of death cases with 95% CI through MLP. Figure 14 shows the predicted impacts of COVID-19 recovered based on the actual data of recovered cases with 95% CI with MLP. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an inflammation disease from a new virus. The disease causes respiratory ailment (like influenza) with manifestations, for example, cold, cough and fever, and in progressively serious cases, the problem in breathing. COVID-2019 has been perceived as a worldwide pandemic and a few examinations are being led utilizing different numerical models to anticipate the likely advancement of this pestilence. These numerical models dependent on different factors and investigations are dependent upon potential inclination. Here, we presented a model that could be useful to predict the spread of COVID-2019. We have performed linear regression, Multilayer perceptron and Vector autoregression method for desire on the COVID-19 Kaggle data to anticipate the epidemiological example of the ailment and pace of COVID-2019 cases in India. Anticipated the potential patterns of COVID-19 effects in India dependent on data gathered from Kaggle. With the common data about confirmed, death and recovered cases across India for over the time length helps in anticipating and estimating the not so distant future. For extra assessment or future perspective, case definition and data combination must be kept up persistently. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8 doi: 10.1007/s00477-020-01827-8 id: cord-350377-vq9eblr0 author: Sukumar, Vivek title: Colorectal Services in Covid-19 Times: Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery, the Need of the Hour date: 2020-10-14 words: 2167.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350377-vq9eblr0.txt summary: There is a need to incorporate and strictly enforce various strategies such as enhanced recovery programs which have demonstrated to lower recovery time and post-operative complication rates, helping us to optimally utilize the minimum available resources without burdening the already strained health care infrastructure [3] . All patients admitted and undergoing major elective as well as emergency surgeries under the Division of Colorectal and Peritoneal Surface Oncology were included in the study. The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines and American College of Surgeons (ACS) have advised to give priority to patient with cancers with the ACS suggesting surgeons to look at the Elective Surgery Acuity Scale (ESAS) from St. Louis University which include most cancers in Tier 3a and calls for non-post-ponement of surgery in these cases [6, 7] . Tackling the reduction in hospital resources towards surgical care, the department managed to operate 90 patients over a 2-month period. abstract: The health services across the world have been deeply impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in diversion of resources to testing, isolating and treating COVID-19 patients. This meant cutting down resources and manpower away of various healthcare facilities and severely hampering the functioning of various cancer services across the world. It is however, important to understand, cancer itself is a life-threatening condition, and there is a need to continue running cancer care services, at least for those who needed the most. Various clinical societies have put forward guidelines and protocols to help continue surgical services during the pandemic. The role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was initially questioned at the start of the pandemic, however gradually increasing evidence favored MIS as it reduced hospital stay and complication. Enhanced recovery programs which have been introduced to various fields of surgery to improve outcomes and reduce hospital stay. It plays an essential role in times like this, where the optimal usage of minimal resources is essential. We embraced these methods to ensure safety of our patients and staff and at the same time provide the highest standards of care. Here we are presenting our experience of running a colorectal surgical unit during these difficult times with emphasis on promotion of minimally invasive surgery, at the epicenter of the pandemic in India. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071520/ doi: 10.1007/s13193-020-01241-0 id: cord-291735-b6dksrbx author: Sukut, Ozge title: The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness date: 2020-09-19 words: 1733.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291735-b6dksrbx.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Given the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic process and the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness, it is clear that some preventive measures will increase the well‐being of these individuals and reduce relapses. Ignoring the effect of the outbreak on people with mental illness will not only inhibit the measures taken to prevent further spread of COVID-19, but also increase existing health inequalities. The individual with severe mental illness are more sensitive against infection for various reasons such as decreasing cognitive ability and awareness of self-care, using medication continuously and limited conditions in psychiatry clinics. 8 This can lead to an increase the risk of infection, including pneumonia, in individuals with mental health illness. Prevention measures such as isolation and quarantine can lead to fear, anxiety, and uncertainty for patients, causing to increase the diseases related with stress and at the same time it can cause exacerbation of pre-existing mental disorders. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to address the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with severe mental illness. CONCLUSION: Given the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic process and the vulnerability of individuals with mental illness, it is clear that some preventive measures will increase the well‐being of these individuals and reduce relapses. Careful planning and execution of preventive measures to be taken at the individual, institutional, and social level are essential to minimize the negative consequences of this pandemic for this vulnerable population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results of this first review on the topic provide preliminary support for effectively address the needs and healthcare necessities of individuals with serious mental illness by raising awareness among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12618 doi: 10.1111/ppc.12618 id: cord-277228-zk4arqw5 author: Suleiman, Aiman title: Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-02 words: 3545.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277228-zk4arqw5.txt summary: The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the preparedness of frontline doctors to COVID-19 outbreak in Jordan and in the Middle East. Independent t-test was used to investigate for significant associations between self-reported preparedness score, knowledge score, and adherence score with gender, presence of institutional protocol for dealing with COVID-19 patients, availability of PPE, psychological interactions, institutional support, and previously dealing with COVID-19-positive or suspected patients. Institutional preparedness is reflected by making safety measures available for doctors and by providing clear protocols to deal with COVID-19 patients. abstract: The number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) cases in Jordan is rising rapidly. A serious threat to the healthcare system appears on the horizon. Our study aims to evaluate preparedness of Jordanian frontline doctors to the worsening scenario. It has a questionnaire-based cross-sectional structure. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Institutional factors affecting doctors’ readiness like adopting approach protocols and making protection equipment available were investigated; 308 doctors from different healthcare facilities participated (response rate: 53.9%). Approximately 25% of doctors (n = 77) previously took care of COVID-19 patients, and 173 (56.2%) have institutional COVID-19 approach protocols. Only 57 doctors (18.5%) reported all PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) available. The self-reported score of preparedness to deal with COVID-19 patients was 4.9 ± 2.4. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 ± 2.3 and 6.2 ± 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). Correlations with knowledge score, adherence to PPE score, and psychological impacts were investigated. The study revealed multiple challenges and insufficiencies that can affect frontline doctors’ preparedness. Policy makers are urged to take these findings into consideration and to act promptly. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370275/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093181 id: cord-327631-mqr5fd40 author: Sullivan, Amy B title: The COVID-19 Crisis: A Mental Health Perspective and Response Using Telemedicine date: 2020-05-11 words: 3709.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327631-mqr5fd40.txt summary: This article addresses the procedural changes necessary in our enterprise (The Cleveland Clinic) to address mental health needs as we transition our services to telehealth and virtual visits for our frontline providers and clinical work with patients, including group visits and provision of supervision for psychology trainees. This was a vital shift in policy as a means to slow the spread of the virus, keeping people at home, while also being able to provide appropriate services to patients, particularly mental health treatment (to review the full document, go to CMS.gov). It is likely this pandemic will impact this population in a unique way and our team is passionate about caring for our patients'' mental health concerns at this time. Due to the federal, Ohio state of emergency and the need for ongoing mental health services, the following visit was completed *** (virtually or via telephone) to reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure. abstract: With the outbreak of COVID-19, patients and providers were forced to isolate and become innovative in ways to continue exceptional patient care. The Cleveland Clinic went from mostly in-person medical appointments to all virtual/telemedicine care in about 2 weeks’ time. In this piece, we show specifically the thought process and our conversion of the Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Behavioral Medicine to ensure that our patients still receive exceptional care and patient experience. Additionally, we discuss the importance of innovating the training and supervision of postdoctoral trainees using telepsychology and virtual options. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520922747 doi: 10.1177/2374373520922747 id: cord-307334-6rn69sne author: Sullivan, Ryan J title: COVID-19 and immune checkpoint inhibitors: initial considerations date: 2020-05-19 words: 1751.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307334-6rn69sne.txt summary: One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community. 2 4 5 Less clear are the effects of newer antineoplastic therapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), on COVID-19 severity. Dry cough and dyspnea without fever could point toward ICI-pneumonitis, respiratory viral infection (including COVID-19), or other non-infectious etiologies common in patients with cancer. Finally, should asymptomatic patients initiating ICI be screened for active COVID-19 infection prior to starting therapy? abstract: COVID-19 infections are characterized by inflammation of the lungs and other organs that ranges from mild and asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Patients who are immunocompromised and those with cardiopulmonary comorbidities appear to be particularly afflicted by this illness. During pandemic conditions, many aspects of cancer care have been impacted. One important clinical question is how to manage patients who need anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) during these conditions. Herein, we consider diagnostic and therapeutic implications of using ICI during this unprecedented period of COVID-19 infections. In particular, we consider the impact of ICI on COVID-19 severity, decisions surrounding continuing or interrupting therapy, diagnostic measures in patients with symptoms or manifestations potentially consistent with either COVID-19 or ICI toxicity, and resumption of therapy in infected patients. While more robust data are needed to guide clinicians on management of patients with cancer who may be affected by COVID-19, we hope this commentary provides useful insights for the clinical community. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-000933 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000933 id: cord-261029-befymalm author: Sultan, Keith title: Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 words: 3257.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261029-befymalm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261029-befymalm.txt summary: Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The authors also reported that there had been no cases of IBD/SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the three largest tertiary IBD centers in Wuhan (Tongji Hospital, Union Hospital, and Zhongnan Hospital) at the time their manuscript was prepared, March 8, 2020. Rodriguez-Lago et al [29] reported on 40 cases of IBD (21 hospitalized) with confirmed positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 from 5 sites in the Basque Country (Spain), median age 59 years, 60% male, 32% Crohn''s disease (CD), with 28% on immune therapy, 18% biologic, and 10% systemic corticosteroids. To date, the largest national case reporting has come from a combined 24 IBD referral centers in Italy, affiliated with the Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) [32] . abstract: The first cases of a novel corona virus infection were reported in Wuhan China in December of 2019, followed by the declaration of an international pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Of particular concern is the safety of those with compromised immune systems. Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) is itself caused by a disordered immune response, with the most effective medical therapies being immune suppressing or modifying. As such, the risk of COVID-19, virus related outcomes, and appropriate management of IBD patients during the global pandemic is of immediate concern to gastroenterologists worldwide. There has been a rapid accumulation of clinical data and expert opinion on the topic. This review will highlight the latest source information on clinical observation/outcomes of the IBD population and provide a concise summary of the most up to date perspectives on IBD management in the age of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33088153/ doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5534 id: cord-026991-75sbxnsc author: Sultan, Omar Muayad title: Pulmonary ct manifestations of COVID-19: changes within 2 weeks duration from presentation date: 2020-06-17 words: 2895.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026991-75sbxnsc.txt summary: This retrospective study aims to determine and compare the pulmonary changes in Iraqi patients with COVID-19 disease across the first two weeks after onset of symptoms using computerized tomography (CT) scan. With the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing number of patients suspected or confirmed with the disease, the radiologists are facing more and more cases because of the paramount role of imaging, particularly chest CT scans in the workup algorithm. In the current study, we compared the pulmonary radiological features associated with COVID-19 infection between two groups of patients, who underwent chest CT scans after different durations from initial clinical presentations. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in the pulmonary manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection when CT scan conducted earlier or later after the clinical presentation, with alteration, on one hand in the proportion and combination of GGO (becoming less) and consolidation (getting more) and, on another hand, more diffuse and multilobar distribution at the second week. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the evaluation of COVID-19. This retrospective study aims to determine and compare the pulmonary changes in Iraqi patients with COVID-19 disease across the first two weeks after onset of symptoms using computerized tomography (CT) scan. Ninety-six patients with COVID-19 disease were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of symptoms (the first group has been scanned within the first week of presentation while the second group has been scanned in the second week). RESULTS: The CT findings in the first and second group were as follows: ground glass opacity (GGO) were 94.3% vs. 88.5%, consolidation were 25.7% vs. 34.6%, broncho vascular thickening were 18.6% vs. 7.7%, crazy paving appearance were 15.7% vs. 3.8%, tree-in-bud appearance were 4.3% vs. 10.7%, pulmonary nodules were 5.1% vs. 7.7%, and bronchiectasis were 5.5% vs. 7.7%. Pleural effusion and cavitation were seen only in the first group (2.9% and 1.4% respectively). The distribution of CT changes across the two groups were as follows: bilateral changes were 85.7% vs. 100%; central distribution were 11.4% vs. 11.5%; peripheral distribution were 64.3% vs. 42.3%, and diffuse (central and peripheral) distribution were 24.3% vs. 46.2% while multilobar distribution were 70% vs. 80.8%. CONCLUSION: The type, extent, and distributions of pulmonary manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection are significantly different between the two groups who have been scanned in different stages of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7299137/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00223-0 id: cord-354216-4khdcjed author: Sultan, Shahnaz title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 5641.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt summary: Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. 4 More recent data from a cohort of 5700 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within a large healthcare system in New York City revealed common comorbidities including hypertension (56.6%), obesity (41.7%), and diabetes (33.8%), and reported that 373 (14.2%) of patients required treatment in the intensive care unit, and 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, in whom the mortality was 88.1% (282/320)]. Also, many of the studies in this analysis did not report on how many patients had underlying liver disease and if these patients were at an elevated risk of having increased LFTs in the setting of COVID-19 infection. abstract: Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and pre-print servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19 2020. We analyzed the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain as well as LFT abnormalities using a fixed effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Results We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms was diarrhea 7.7% (95% CI 7.2-8.2), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI 7.1-8.5), abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI 2.0-3.4). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence of elevated liver abnormalities was: AST 15.0% (13.6 to 16.5) and ALT 15.0% (13.6 to 16.4). When analyzed comparing data from China to studies from countries other than China, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (16.6 to 20.1). Isolated GI symptoms were rarely reported. We also summarized of the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID19 Conclusions GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in less than 10% of patients. In studies outside of China, estimates are higher. Further studies are needed with standardized GI symptoms questionnaires and LFT checks on admission to better quantify and qualify the association of these symptoms with COVID-19. Based on findings from our meta-anlaysis, we make several Best Practice Statements for the consultative management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407808/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.001 id: cord-270740-3su8pc3f author: Sultan, Sherif title: COVID-19 Cytokine Storm and Novel Truth date: 2020-05-22 words: 2381.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270740-3su8pc3f.txt summary: A Chinese scientist(5) used a bio-informatics model to describe the hypothesis of COVID 19 as methemoglobin, where the COVID-19 virus structural protein sticks to heme -displaces oxygen -which alters the iron-free ion, leading to inflammation of alveolar macrophages, which culminate in a systemic response ending in a cytokine storm . What we must focus on is that COVID19 attacks RBCs. Patients have frequently been found COVID-19, SARS2 is not ''pneumonia'' nor ARDS Through the current experience across the world, invasive ventilation is becoming the last resort, as emergency intubation from the Chinese, Italian and American experience evidences higher mortality, not to mention complications from tracheal scarring and stiff lung during the duration of intubation. The lung damage seen on CT scans is due to the oxidative stress released from the hemolysed red blood cells, which in turn overwhelm the natural defenses against pulmonary oxidative stress and cause a cytokine storm. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32593830/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109875 id: cord-026764-eag13h3p author: Sumner, O. title: Age-appropriate antibiotics date: 2020-06-12 words: 833.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026764-eag13h3p.txt summary: Several recent clinical studies have investigated hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients but these have been at high risk of bias, hence the need for large randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials to determine the potential benefits and harms before any role can be recommended. Hydroxychloroquine is one such drug with hypothesised mechanisms of action and in vitro evidence supporting the inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Treating paediatric patients in an Urgent Dental Care Centre at Newcastle Dental Hospital, we have worryingly seen a shocking proportion of children who have been prescribed age-inappropriate, suboptimal doses of antibiotics and subsequently referred for treatment as ''unresponsive to antibiotics'' . 4 The Centre for Evidence Based Medicine''s commentary on PPE in primary care concerns general medical practice. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294209/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1723-3 id: cord-311353-ozqfsuh8 author: Sun, Chun-Yang title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-08 words: 1650.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311353-ozqfsuh8.txt summary: title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the meta-analysis method will be used to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of CM for COVID-19 pneumonia. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CM (including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine and Chinese medicine injections) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f meta-analysis. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified from Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Database and VIP Information Database. The methodological quality of trials was evaluated with Cochrane Hanadbook criteria, and the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 7 valid studies involving 681 patients were included. The meta-analysis exhibited in comparison to conventional treatment, CM combined with conventional treatment significantly improved clinical efficacy (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.08,1.36]), and significantly increased viral nucleic acid negative conversion rate (RR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.13,1.97]). CM also prominently reduced pulmonary inflammation (RR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.12,1.44]), and improved host immune function (WBC, MD = 0.92, 95% CI [0.07,1.76]; LYM, MD = 0.33, 95% CI [0.08,0.57]; LYM%, MD = 2.90, 95% CI [2.09,3.71]; CRP, MD = −12.66, 95% CI [−24.40, −0.92]). Meanwhile, CM did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 1.17, 95% CI [0.39,3.52]). CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720305593 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.069 id: cord-327764-4nlg26p5 author: Sun, Da-wei title: The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: a sentinel? date: 2020-05-14 words: 5144.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327764-4nlg26p5.txt summary: However, the underlying changes of other peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known, especially eosinophil level and lymphocyte subsets. When compared with patients in recovery phase, patients in acute phase suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes (1.383±0.442 On the contrary, 7 patients developed respiratory failure and used mechanical ventilation during the treatment, which were defined as cases with aggravation. Based on these background along with the decrease of multiple PBICs in COVID-19 patients, we hypothesized that neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes migrate from peripheral blood into the lung tissue, resulting in neutropenia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia in peripheral blood, as well as acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. In another study based on 44 patients, lymphocyte subsets analyzed results showed that the total number of B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in the whole group, and this decrease became more evident in the cases of severe type when compared with non-severe type (743.6/uL vs 1020.1/uL; P =0.032) [19] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The underlying changes of peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known. Moreover, the risk factors for the underlying changes of PBICs and their predicting role in severe COVID-19 patients remain uncertain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study including two cohorts: the main cohort enrolling 45 patients of severe type serving as study group, and the secondary cohort enrolling 12 patients of no-severe type serving as control group. The PBICs analysis was based on blood routine and lymphocyte subsets. The inflammatory cell levels were compared among patients according to clinical classifications, disease-associated phases, as well as one-month outcomes. RESULTS: Compared with patients of non-severe type, the patients of severe type suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, but increased counts of neutrophils. These PBICs alterations got improved in recovery phase, but persisted or got worse in aggravated phase. Compared with patients in discharged group, the patients in un-discharged/died group suffered from decreased counts of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T lymphocytes, CD8+T lymphocytes, as well as NK cells at 2 weeks after treatment. Clinical classification-critically severe was the independently risk factor for lymphopenia (OR=7.701, 95%CI:1.265-46.893, P=0.027), eosinopenia (OR=5.595, 95%CI:1.008-31.054, P=0.049) and worse one-month outcome (OR=8.984; 95%CI:1.021-79.061, P=0.048). CONCLUSION: Lymphopenia and eosinopenia may serve as predictors of disease severity and disease progression in COVID-19 patients, and enhancing the cellular immunity may contribute to COVID-19 treatment. Thus, PBICs might become a sentinel of COVID-19, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 treatment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898120302242?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.027 id: cord-352304-tt2q5mgs author: Sun, Dan title: Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single center’s observational study date: 2020-03-19 words: 3229.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352304-tt2q5mgs.txt summary: METHODS: We included eight severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children''s Hospital from January 24 to February 24. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, previously known as 2019-nCoV) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan City, China, has spread around the world [1] . We included eight severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children''s Hospital from January 24 to February 24. Critically ill COVID-19 was defined when the pediatric patients met any of the following criteria: (1) respiratory failure which requires mechanical ventilation; (2) septic shock, and (3) accompanied by other organ failure that needs ICU monitoring and treatment. Demographic information and clinical characteristics including exposure history, anamnesis, signs and symptoms, chest computed tomographic (CT) scan or X-ray results, complications, treatments, clinical outcomes, and laboratory findings of each patient were obtained from the Electronic Medical Record System of Wuhan Children''s Hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei, China. People of all ages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. No information on severe pediatric patients with COVID-19 has been reported. We aimed to describe the clinical features of severe pediatric patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We included eight severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Wuhan Children’s Hospital from January 24 to February 24. We collected information including demographic data, symptoms, imaging data, laboratory findings, treatments and clinical outcomes of the patients with severe COVID-19. RESULTS: The onset age of the eight patients ranged from 2 months to 15 years; six were boys. The most common symptoms were polypnea (8/8), followed by fever (6/8) and cough (6/8). Chest imaging showed multiple patch-like shadows in seven patients and ground-glass opacity in six. Laboratory findings revealed normal or increased whole blood counts (7/8), increased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase (6/8), and abnormal liver function (4/8). Other findings included decreased CD16 + CD56 (4/8) and Th/Ts*(1/8), increased CD3 (2/8), CD4 (4/8) and CD8 (1/8), IL-6 (2/8), IL-10 (5/8) and IFN-γ (2/8). Treatment modalities were focused on symptomatic and respiratory support. Two critically ill patients underwent invasive mechanical ventilation. Up to February 24, 2020, three patients remained under treatment in ICU, the other five recovered and were discharged home. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of severe pediatric patients in Wuhan, polypnea was the most common symptom, followed by fever and cough. Common imaging changes included multiple patch-like shadows and ground-glass opacity; and a cytokine storm was found in these patients, which appeared more serious in critically ill patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32193831/ doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4 id: cord-328169-ntg7b621 author: Sun, Haiying title: Comparison of clinical and microbiological diagnoses for older adults with COVID-19 in Wuhan: a retrospective study date: 2020-07-08 words: 3194.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328169-ntg7b621.txt summary: RESULTS: The clinical and microbiological diagnosis groups demonstrated significant differences in outcomes and in the majority of laboratory findings. Age, white blood cell (WBC) count, and lymphocyte (LYM) count were included in the propensity score model (using a logistic regression), which were the most important risk factors for death in the hospital among older patients with COVID-19 [11] . For instance, the incidence of false-negative virus test results was high Table 1 Differences of characteristics between clinically and microbiologically diagnosed cases (total samples) before propensity score analyses WBC white blood cells, LYM lymphocyte, NT-proBNP amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, hsTnI high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate a Data presented as median (IQR) and n (%) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, unless otherwise indicated [13] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential differences between a clinical diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (i.e., symptoms without positive virus test) and a microbiological diagnosis (i.e., positive virus test results) of COVID-19 are not known. AIMS: This study explored the differences between the two types of COVID-19 diagnosis among older patients in terms of clinical characteristics and outcomes. METHODS: A total of 244 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years with COVID-19 were included in this study, of whom 52 were clinically diagnosed and 192 were microbiologically diagnosed. Clinical and laboratory data on hospital admission and outcomes (discharged or died in hospital) of all patients were retrieved from medical records retrospectively. Patients who met the criteria for clinical diagnosis with negative virus test results were assigned to the clinical diagnosis group, whereas those with positive virus test results were assigned to the microbiological diagnosis group. After univariate analyses, two propensity score analyses [i.e., covariate adjustment using propensity score (CAPS) and propensity score matching (PSM)] were conducted to control bias. RESULTS: The clinical and microbiological diagnosis groups demonstrated significant differences in outcomes and in the majority of laboratory findings. After propensity score analyses, many differences between the two groups disappeared and the rate of mortality had no statistically significant difference (P = 0.318 and 0.828 for CAPS and PSM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with similar signs, symptoms, and laboratory and imaging findings as confirmed COVID-19 cases may have a similar mortality risk, regardless of the virus test results, and require timely intervention to reduce their mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638344/ doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01647-4 id: cord-280471-cqypwi5d author: Sun, Hua-Bao title: The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-25 words: 4324.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280471-cqypwi5d.txt summary: To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients with COVID-19. Characteristic chest CT imaging patterns, positive nucleic acid detection in nasal and throat swab samples, normal or decreased numbers of peripheral white blood cells, decreased numbers of lymphocytes and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines are the key factors in the diagnosis of COVID-19 [3] . The total number of lymphocytes, the percentages of lymphocyte subtypes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) secreted by CD4+ helper T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were detected by hematology counter and flow cytometer, respectively. In the COVID-19 patients in the general, severe and critical groups, the numbers of peripheral lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly lower than those in the normal control group. abstract: To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients with COVID-19. The results show that the lymphocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 was mainly manifested by decreases in the CD4+ T lymphocyte number and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. The decreased number of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32976531/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239532 id: cord-261192-yzw2bm13 author: Sun, Jia-Kui title: Acute gastrointestinal injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-21 words: 3738.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261192-yzw2bm13.txt summary: In this study, we investigated the prevalence and outcomes of AGI in critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Guanggu District of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. We found that patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, higher 28-d mortality after admission and 60-d mortality after disease onset. Few studies on acute gastrointestinal injury have been reported in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This was the first study to investigate acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical severity variables, a higher incidence of septic shock, and higher hospital mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world. Most critically ill patients have organ injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, cardiac injury, or liver dysfunction. However, few studies on acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) have been reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19. AIM: To investigate the prevalence and outcomes of AGI in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this retrospective study, demographic data, laboratory parameters, AGI grades, clinical severity and outcomes were collected. The primary endpoints were AGI incidence and 28-d mortality. RESULTS: From February 10 to March 10 2020, 83 critically ill patients out of 1314 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Seventy-two (86.7%) patients had AGI during hospital stay, of these patients, 30 had AGI grade I, 35 had AGI grade II, 5 had AGI grade III, and 2 had AGI grade IV. The incidence of AGI grade II and above was 50.6%. Forty (48.2%) patients died within 28 days of admission. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome developed in 58 (69.9%) patients, and septic shock in 16 (19.3%) patients. Patients with worse AGI grades had worse clinical variables, a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (95%CI: 1.374-2.860; P < 0.001), white blood cell (WBC) counts (95%CI: 1.037-1.379; P = 0.014), and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) (95%CI: 1.020-1.340; P = 0.025) were risk factors for the development of AGI grade II and above. CONCLUSION: The incidence of AGI was 86.7%, and hospital mortality was 48.2% in critically ill patients with COVID-19. SOFA scores, WBC counts, and duration of MV were risk factors for the development of AGI grade II and above. Patients with worse AGI grades had a higher incidence of septic shock and 28-d mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.6087 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.6087 id: cord-275340-q8d7rvnj author: Sun, JingKang title: Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-21 words: 6629.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt summary: CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. The authors deemed that the anti-inflammatory effect of low-dose HCQ and the activity of inhibiting viral replication may have important significance in critically ill patients with COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide. Antiviral therapy is the most important treatment for COVID-19. Among the drugs under investigation, anti-malarials, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are being repurposed as treatment for COVID-19. CQ/HCQ were shown to prevent receptor recognition by coronaviruses, inhibit endosome acidification, which interferes with membrane fusion, and exhibit immunomodulatory activity. These multiple mechanisms may work together to exert a therapeutic effect on COVID-19. A number of in vitro studies revealed inhibitory effects of CQ/HCQ on various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 although conflicting results exist. Several clinical studies showed that CQ/HCQ alone or in combination with a macrolide may alleviate the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, promote viral conversion, and delay disease progression, with less serious adverse effects. However, recent studies indicated that the use of CQ/HCQ, alone or in combination with a macrolide, did not show any favorable effect on patients with COVID-19. Adverse effects, including prolonged QT interval after taking CQ/HCQ, may develop in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, current data are not sufficient enough to support the use of CQ/HCQ as therapies for COVID-19 and increasing caution should be taken about the application of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 before conclusive findings are obtained by well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled studies. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1778982 doi: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1778982 id: cord-268740-ldz5366v author: Sun, Mei title: Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-08-14 words: 2389.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268740-ldz5366v.txt summary: title: Anal swab as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients We propose anal swabs as the potentially optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection for evaluation of hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. In this study, we found that SARS-CoV-2 detection was positive in anal swabs but negative in other sample types of a few cured patients, which challenges the current standards for discharge and termination of compulsory isolation for COVID-19 patients. In summary, we found that SARS-CoV-2 detection was positive in anal swabs but negative in other sample types of several cured patients. • SARS-CoV-2 detection is positive in anal swabs but negative in throat swabs and sputum swabs of a few discharged patients. • Anal swabs might be the optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. • Anal swabs might be the optimal specimen for SARS-CoV-2 detection to evaluate the hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Since December 2019, an outbreak of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, and has rapidly spread worldwide. Previously, discharged patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients met the criteria of China’s pneumonia diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus infection (trial version 7) for cure of viral infection. Nevertheless, positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been found again in several cured COVID-19 patients, leading to conflicts with current criteria. Here, we report clinically cured cases with positive results only in anal swabs, and investigate the clinical value of anal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection. url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0090 doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0090 id: cord-320139-yfm640jl author: Sun, R. title: Dépistage systématique de l’épidémie à coronavirus 2019 en radiothérapie par scanographie thoracique et PCR : expérience d’un centre date: 2020-10-31 words: 1730.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320139-yfm640jl.txt summary: Résultats et analyse statistique Du 18 mars au 1er mai 2020, 507 scanographies dosimétriques ont été réalisées dans le service, dont 445 avec une coupe thoracique, pour un total de 449 patients. Quatre cas (soit 17 %) ont été diagnostiqués en cours de radiothérapie, dont trois par dépistage systématique avant la chimioradiothérapie, et un seul selon les symptômes. Parmi eux, six cas d''infection par le SARS-CoV-2 (soit 3,6 %) ont été diagnostiqués par PCR en cours de radiothérapie, réalisée pour des symptômes dans quatre cas et par dépistage systématique pour les deux autres. Conclusion Cette étude préliminaire, basée sur un seul patient, montre que la définition optimale du volume cible en tachycardie TDM-4D cardiaque : tomodensitométrie synchronisée à l''électrocardiogramme avec injection de produit de contraste ; TDM-4D respiratoire : tomodensitométrie synchronisée à la respiration. abstract: Introduction et but de l’étude L’épidémie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) est à l’origine de 179000 cas confirmés en France depuis fin janvier et plus de 27000 décès en date du 15 mai. Les patients atteints de cancers semblent être plus vulnérables à la COVID-19. En outre, plus de la moitié des patients atteints de COVID-19 semblent être asymptomatiques. Ainsi, les stratégies de dépistage pourraient être utiles pour assurer la continuité des soins ainsi que la sécurité des patients et des personnels soignants. Nous rapportons ici les résultats préliminaires d’une stratégie de dépistage systématique par scanographie thoracique et polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pour les patients recevant une radiothérapie. Matériel et méthodes Une acquisition thoracique en inspiration bloquée était proposée lors de la scanographie dosimétrique des patients recevant une radiothérapie. L’imagerie était relue par un radiologue et classée selon le COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (Co-RADS). Une PCR de dépistage du severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, responsable de la COVID-19) sur un prélèvement nasopharyngé était proposée par l’oncologue radiothérapeute en cas d’anomalie sur l’imagerie, ou de contexte clinique évocateur. Les données relatives à la survenue d’une COVID-19 en cours de radiothérapie ont aussi été recueillies afin d’estimer l’incidence des cas de COVID-19 dans le service de radiothérapie. Résultats et analyse statistique Du 18 mars au 1er mai 2020, 507 scanographies dosimétriques ont été réalisées dans le service, dont 445 avec une coupe thoracique, pour un total de 449 patients. En tout, 237 scanographies (soit 53 %) présentaient des images pulmonaires anormales, dont 34 (soit 8 %) étaient compatibles avec la COVID-19 (grade 3 ou plus selon la classification Co-RADS). Cent-deux patients ont été testés par PCR après la scanographie thoracique. Dix-neuf patients sur les 449 ayant eu une scanographie dosimétrique durant cette période ont été confirmés comme infectés par le SARS-CoV-2 par PCR, et cinq ont été considérés atteints sur la base de l’imagerie malgré des PCR négatives, soit une incidence de 5,3 % (24 cas sur 449) sur la période. Le diagnostic de COVID-19 était connu chez huit de ces 24 patients (soit 33 %) avant la radiothérapie, dont quatre avaient toujours une PCR positive lors de la scanographie dosimétrique, à distance de la première PCR positive connue (8j, 36j, 40j, 56, respectivement). Quatre cas (soit 17 %) ont été diagnostiqués en cours de radiothérapie, dont trois par dépistage systématique avant la chimioradiothérapie, et un seul selon les symptômes. Durant cette période, 169 autres patients en cours de traitement ont eu leur scanographie de radiothérapie avant le 18 mars et n’ont pas eu d’acquisition thoracique systématique. Parmi eux, six cas d’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 (soit 3,6 %) ont été diagnostiqués par PCR en cours de radiothérapie, réalisée pour des symptômes dans quatre cas et par dépistage systématique pour les deux autres. En tout, sur les 30 patients atteints de COVID-19, seulement huit (soit 27 %) avaient des symptômes lors de la PCR, et dix (soit 33 %) ont rapporté un antécédent de symptômes évocateurs. Douze patients (soit 40 %) n’ont rapporté aucun symptôme et ont ainsi bénéficié du dépistage. Deux décès (soit 7 %) imputables à la COVID-19 ont été à déplorer. Conclusion Cette étude confirme la part importante de patients asymptomatiques atteints de COVID-19 et suggère l’intérêt d’un dépistage systématique par scanographie et PCR. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1278321820302055 doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.006 id: cord-312305-ll29frwc author: Sun, Shihui title: Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-11-11 words: 4720.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312305-ll29frwc.txt summary: Herein, we generated and characterized a novel mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain named MASCp36 that causes acute respiratory symptoms and mortality in standard laboratory mice. We further characterized the in vivo replication dynamics of MASCp6 in both young and aged mice, and the results from qRT-PCR showed that high levels of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs were persistent in the lung and tracheas till 4 day post infection (dpi) in aged mice (Fig. 1E) . The skewed age distribution of COVID-19 disease was reproduced in the MASCp36 infected mouse model where more severe symptoms were observed in aged mice when compared to young mice. In addition to the age-related skewed distribution of COVID-19, gender-related differences in distribution of COVID-19 disease is also recapitulated in this MASCp36 infected mouse model with increased susceptibility and enhanced pathogenicity observed in male mice when compared to their female counterparts. abstract: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought an urgent need for animal models to study the pathogenicity of the virus. Herein, we generated and characterized a novel mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain named MASCp36 that causes acute respiratory symptoms and mortality in standard laboratory mice. Particularly, this model exhibits age and gender related skewed distribution of mortality akin to severe COVID-19, and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of MASCp36 was ∼100 PFU in aged, male BALB/c mice. Deep sequencing identified three amino acid mutations, N501Y, Q493H, and K417N, subsequently emerged at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of MASCp36, which significantly enhanced the binding affinity to its endogenous receptor, mouse ACE2 (mACE2). Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of mACE2 in complex with the RBD of MASCp36 at 3.7-angstrom resolution elucidates molecular basis for the receptor-binding switch driven by amino acid substitutions. Our study not only provides a robust platform for studying the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and rapid evaluation of coutermeasures against SARS-CoV-2, but also unveils the molecular mechanism for the rapid adaption and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in mice. One sentence summary A mouse adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain that harbored three amino acid substitutions in the RBD of S protein showed 100% mortality in aged, male BALB/c mice. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.10.377333 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.10.377333 id: cord-311544-7ihtyiox author: Sun, Tingzhe title: Modeling COVID-19 Epidemic in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-05-29 words: 2514.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311544-7ihtyiox.txt summary: However, massive imported patients especially into Heilongjiang Province in China recently have been an alert for local COVID-19 outbreak. Stochastic simulations further showed that significantly increased local contacts among imported ''escaper'', its epidemiologically associated cases and susceptible populations greatly contributed to the local outbreak of COVID-19. Collectively, our model has characterized the epidemic of COVID-19 in Heilongjiang province and implied that strongly controlled measured should be taken for infected and asymptomatic patients to minimize total infections. Specifically, a recent ''super spreader'' or ''imported escaper'' in Heilongjiang province has led to tens of diagnosed or asymptomatic cases [3] . Using this model, we performed stochastic simulations and found that partial relief in strictly controlled interventions may contribute to the occurrence of diagnosed patients recently (from April 9 to April 19) provided that there is only one imported patient without surveillance [3] . Estimating the Effects of Asymptomatic and Imported Patients on COVID-19 Epidemic Using Mathematical Modeling abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) surges worldwide. However, massive imported patients especially into Heilongjiang Province in China recently have been an alert for local COVID-19 outbreak. We collected data from January 23 to March 25 from Heilongjiang province and trained an ordinary differential equation model to fit the epidemic data. We extended the simulation using this trained model to characterize the effect of an imported ‘escaper’. We showed that an imported ‘escaper’ was responsible for the newly confirmed COVID-19 infections from Apr 9 to Apr 19 in Heilongjiang province. Stochastic simulations further showed that significantly increased local contacts among imported ‘escaper’, its epidemiologically associated cases and susceptible populations greatly contributed to the local outbreak of COVID-19. Meanwhile, we further found that the reported number of asymptomatic patients was markedly lower than model predictions implying a large asymptomatic pool which was not identified. We further forecasted the effect of implementing strong interventions immediately to impede COVID-19 outbreak for Heilongjiang province. Implementation of stronger interventions to lower mutual contacts could accelerate the complete recovery from coronavirus infections in Heilongjiang province. Collectively, our model has characterized the epidemic of COVID-19 in Heilongjiang province and implied that strongly controlled measured should be taken for infected and asymptomatic patients to minimize total infections. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920303489 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109949 id: cord-267735-y3832u9e author: Sun, Wuping title: Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic date: 2020-09-24 words: 3073.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267735-y3832u9e.txt summary: title: Management of Immunity Alteration-Induced Chronic Pain During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic It has been reported that hyper-immunity individuals have received treatment with immunosuppressive or modulatory agents; these approaches may increase the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Cai et al., 2020) . These results demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune alteration in COVID-19 patients. These studies suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune alteration could further result in the concurrence of chronic pain since it affects the nervous system. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with various infection symptoms, and peripheral neuropathic pain is the most common and severe neurological manifestation that has been reported in HIV-positive, immunocompromised individuals (Amaniti et al., 2019) . Chronic pain patients have received limited treatment and discounted services during the COVID-19 outbreak due to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chronic pain patients may also have increased infection risks to SARS-CoV-2 due to complicated reasons. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072033/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572318 id: cord-318364-5bmdzgla author: Sun, Xinjuan title: Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-25 words: 3102.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt summary: In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response. In support of the above observations, a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19 2 showed that most SARS-CoV-2 infected patients present clinically with mild symptoms, while a minority of patients progressively declined from the infection and eventually died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MOD). Severe pneumonia caused by pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoV) are often associated with induced hypercytokinemia, also termed cytokine storm, in immunocompetent individuals; uncontrolled overproduction of inflammatory cytokines contributes to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). abstract: Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30(th), 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1359610120300484 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002 id: cord-288304-80bn2wgd author: Sun, Y. title: The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study date: 2020-05-23 words: 2731.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288304-80bn2wgd.txt summary: Compared to the official reports, which showed that the peak number of existing infected cases was 11,869 on April 27, these results indicated that 1) NPIs took in Period II might reduce more than 50% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19; 2) owing to the effects of NPIs, the Japanese society had avoided collapse of medical service, which had been seen in Italy during the same period (Remuzzi & Remuzzi, 2020) ; 3) the of Period II was close to that reported in China before March 2020 (Chinazzi et al., 2020) . Compared to the official reports, which showed that the peak number of existing infected cases was 11,869 on April 27, these results indicated that 1) NPIs took in Period II might have reduced about 80% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19; 2) owing to the effects of NPIs, the epidemic transmission may mainly have occurred through family contacts . abstract: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are founded to be effective to delay epidemic spread and to reduce the number of patients. Moderate NPIs took in Japan seemed to have reduced the COVID-19 patients and to lower death rates, thus, effects of those NPIs are worthy of investigation. We used open source data and divided the data into three periods: Jan 22 to Feb 25 (Period I), Feb 26 to Apr 6 (Period II), and Apr 7 to May 14 (Period III). We developed the SIRD model and applied the Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate a combination of optimal results, including the peak of infected cases, the peak date, and R0. For Period I, the estimated peak infected cases were smaller than the observed ones, the peak date was earlier than the observed one, and the R0 was about 4.66. For the other two periods, the estimated cases were more, and the peak dates were earlier than the observed ones. The R0 was 2.50 in Period II, and 1.79 in Period III. NPIs took in Japan might have reduced more than 50% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19. Owing to the effects of NPIs, the Japanese society had avoided collapse of medical service. Nevertheless, the capacity of daily RT-PCR may have restricted the reported confirmed cases. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20109660v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20109660 id: cord-300651-4didq6dk author: Sun, Ya-Jun title: Clinical Features of Fatalities in Patients With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 1791.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300651-4didq6dk.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted an Internet-based retrospective cohort study through retrieving the clinical information of 100 COVID-19 deaths from nonduplicating incidental reports in Chinese provincial and other governmental websites between January 23 and March 10, 2020. I n December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, China that were later recognized as a novel coronavirus infection, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The reported clinical characteristics included the patient''s age, sex, initial onset symptoms, pre-existing chronic diseases, direct cause of death, date of admission, date of diagnosis, and date of death. Among the 100 COVID-19 fatalities, 16 cases were missing data on direct cause of death. In this Internet-based data intelligence study, we observed that the majority of COVID-19 deaths were elderly (approximately 8 of 10) and males (6 of 10), and most fatalities (3 of 4) occurred in patients with chronic illnesses. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to over 213 countries and territories. We sought to describe the clinical features of fatalities in patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted an Internet-based retrospective cohort study through retrieving the clinical information of 100 COVID-19 deaths from nonduplicating incidental reports in Chinese provincial and other governmental websites between January 23 and March 10, 2020. RESULTS: Approximately 6 of 10 COVID-19 deaths were males (64.0%). The average age was 70.7 ± 13.5 y, and 84% of patients were elderly (over age 60 y). The mean duration from admission to diagnosis was 2.2 ± 3.8 d (median: 1 d). The mean duration from diagnosis to death was 9.9 ± 7.0 d (median: 9 d). Approximately 3 of 4 cases (76.0%) were complicated by 1 or more chronic diseases, including hypertension (41.0%), diabetes (29.0%) and coronary heart disease (27.0%), respiratory disorders (23.0%), and cerebrovascular disease (12.0%). Fever (46.0%), cough (33.0%), and shortness of breath (9.0%) were the most common first symptoms. Multiple organ failure (67.9%), circulatory failure (20.2%), and respiratory failure (11.9%) are the top 3 direct causes of death. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 deaths are mainly elderly and patients with chronic diseases especially cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Multiple organ failure is the most common direct cause of death. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.235 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.235 id: cord-346496-crhv0gnt author: Sun, Ying title: Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience date: 2020-04-24 words: 3402.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346496-crhv0gnt.txt summary: Peripheral CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Natural killer (NK) cells, a key component of innate immunity against infection [7] , trended lower with increasing severity, but there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups. Though there was no statistically significant difference in these four different clinical classifications, the levels of creatine phosphokinase in the severe and critically ill groups were much higher than in the mild and moderate patients. The following variables showed significant positive correlation to the disease severity (p<0.01): advanced age, sputum production, shortness of breath, and higher neutrophil count, AST level (p<0.05), LDH level, GGT level, CRP level, ESR level, serum ferritin level, interleukin-6. Our findings indicated that C-reactive protein level, CD8 T lymphocyte count, and D-dimer were independent predictors of disease severity in Beijing COVID-19 patients. abstract: COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Our study investigated the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 63 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing. Patients were classified into four groups, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill. The mean age of our patients was 47 years of age (range 3–85) and there was a slight male predominance (58.7%). Thirty percent of our patients had severe or critically ill disease, but only 20% of severe and 33% of critically ill patients had been to Wuhan. Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. We found that lymphocyte and eosinophils count were significantly decreased in patients with severe disease (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000, respectively). Eosinopenia was a feature of higher levels of severity. Peripheral CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Of note is that liver function test including AST, ALT, GGT and LDH were elevated, and albumin was decreased. The inflammatory markers CRP, ESR and ferritin were elevated in patients with severe disease or worse. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013–1.136]; p = 0.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979–1.000]; p = 0.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325–86.816]; p = 0.241) were independent predictors of disease severity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439209/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102473 id: cord-293174-4ucqudn4 author: Sun, Ziheng title: Community venue exposure risk estimator for the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-29 words: 6315.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293174-4ucqudn4.txt summary: To increase public awareness of exposure risks in daily activities, we propose a birthday-paradox-based probability model to implement in a web-based system, named COSRE (community social risk estimator) and make in-time community exposure risk estimation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We define exposure risk to mean the probability of people meeting potential cases in public places such as grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, offices, etc. The correlation experiment with the new cases in the next two weeks shows that the risk estimation model offers promise in assisting people to be more precise about their personal safety and control of daily routine and social interaction. been done for the COVID-19 disease, as an ongoing pandemic few tools are available to evaluate the real-94 time social exposure risks. Model derived risks are 447 generated based on the real-time potential COVID-19 cases, the population in local communities, and the 448 number of people number in a given venue. abstract: Complexities of virus genotypes and the stochastic contacts in human society create a big challenge for estimating the potential risks of exposure to a widely spreading virus such as COVID-19. To increase public awareness of exposure risks in daily activities, we propose a birthday-paradox-based probability model to implement in a web-based system, named COSRE (community social risk estimator) and make in-time community exposure risk estimation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We define exposure risk to mean the probability of people meeting potential cases in public places such as grocery stores, gyms, libraries, restaurants, coffee shops, offices, etc. Our model has three inputs: the real-time number of active and asymptomatic cases, the population in local communities, and the customer counts in the room. With COSRE, possible impacts of the pandemic can be explored through spatiotemporal analysis, e.g., a variable number of people may be projected into public places through time to assess changes of risk as the pandemic unfolds. The system has potential to advance understanding of the true exposure risks in various communities. It introduces an objective element to plan, prepare and respond during a pandemic. Spatial analysis tools are used to draw county-level exposure risks of the United States from April 1 to July 15, 2020. The correlation experiment with the new cases in the next two weeks shows that the risk estimation model offers promise in assisting people to be more precise about their personal safety and control of daily routine and social interaction. It can inform business and municipal COVID-19 policy to accelerate recovery. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1353829220310339 doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102450 id: cord-276237-zqtjjyoq author: Sundar, K. R. Shyam title: COVID-19 and State Failure: A Double Whammy for Trade Unions and Labour Rights date: 2020-09-14 words: 2196.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276237-zqtjjyoq.txt summary: The CTUs and their allies have among other things(a) demanded multiple welfare measures including direct benefit transfer to non-taxpaying workers, enhanced pension, payment of cash and other forms of assistance to workers from their welfare boards, wide-covering fiscal reliefs, food security (including universal PDS), and protective health gear to and safety for the frontline workers, (b) protested against the labour market incidents noted above and provided concrete instances to support their claims, (c) expressed concern at the high and rising unemployment, (d) supported the "industry" their demands for subsidies, and (e) asked for dialogue with them. Their major demands are: reliefs to surviving migrant workers and compensation to their families, free ration, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of 7500, enhanced pension of 3000 to all non-income tax paying workers for six months, Aadhar-linked smart cards to all workers, withdraw the proposed privatisation measures and labour law changes, rise in MGNREGA wage to ₹500 per day, recovery of loans from wilful defaulters, increased budgetary allocation to the health, education, care and agriculture sectors, a fund for social security for unorganised workers, urban employment assurance scheme, protection for frontline workers, etc. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952324/ doi: 10.1007/s41027-020-00263-0 id: cord-339300-xherv9wt author: Suner, C. title: Risk factors for mortality of residents in nursing homes with Covid-19: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-11-10 words: 4330.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339300-xherv9wt.txt summary: The investigated factors included characteristics of the residents (age, gender, comorbidities, and complexity and/or advanced disease), structural features of the nursing home (total number of residents, residents who return home during the pandemic, and capacity for pandemic response, based on an ad hoc score of availability of twelve essential items for implementing preventive measures), and sociodemographic profile of the catchment district (household income, population density, and population incidence of Covid-19). Interpretation Presence of residents with complex/advance disease, low capacity for pandemic response and location in areas with high incidence of Covid-19 are risk factors for Covid-19 mortality in nursing homes and may help policymakers to prioritize preventative interventions for pandemic containment. We used data from nursing homes, including residents'' health characteristics, structural features, and the demographic and epidemiological profile of the district where the nursing home is located, to investigate the association between potential risk factors at the facility level and mortality in the residential setting during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Spain. abstract: Background Nursing homes have shown remarkably high Covid-19 incidence and mortality. We aimed to explore the contribution of structural factors of nursing home facilities and the surrounding district to all-cause and Covid-19-related deaths during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the risk factors of Covid-19 mortality at the facility level in nursing homes in Catalonia (North-East Spain). The investigated factors included characteristics of the residents (age, gender, comorbidities, and complexity and/or advanced disease), structural features of the nursing home (total number of residents, residents who return home during the pandemic, and capacity for pandemic response, based on an ad hoc score of availability of twelve essential items for implementing preventive measures), and sociodemographic profile of the catchment district (household income, population density, and population incidence of Covid-19). Study endpoints included all-cause death and Covid-19-related death (either PCR-confirmed or clinical suspicion). Findings The analysis included 167 nursing homes that provide long-term care to 8,716 residents. Between March 1 and June 1, 2020, 1,629 deaths were reported in these nursing homes; 1,089 (66,9%) of them were Covid-19-confirmed. The multivariable regression showed a higher risk of death associated with a higher percentage of complex patients (HR 1,09; 95%CI 1,05 to 1,12 per 10% increase) or those with advanced diseases (1,13; 1,07 to 1,19), lower capacity for implementing preventive measures (1,08; 1,05 to 1,10 per 1-point increase), and districts with a higher incidence of Covid-19 (2,98; 2,53 to 3,50 per 1000 cases/100,000 population increase). A higher population density of the catchment area was a protective factor (0,60; 0,50 to 0,72 per log10 people/Km2 increase). Interpretation Presence of residents with complex/advance disease, low capacity for pandemic response and location in areas with high incidence of Covid-19 are risk factors for Covid-19 mortality in nursing homes and may help policymakers to prioritize preventative interventions for pandemic containment. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.09.20228171v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.09.20228171 id: cord-304010-n4gxxl5i author: Sung, Ho Kyung title: Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020 date: 2020-07-28 words: 3421.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304010-n4gxxl5i.txt summary: To measure the clinical progression and recovery of a patient with COVID-19, we modified an ordinal scale and defined the severity scores as follows 9 : 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen therapy; 3) need for supplemental oxygen therapy via nasal cannula; 4) need for supplemental oxygen therapy via facial mask; 5) need for high-flow supplemental oxygen therapy or noninvasive mechanical ventilation; 6) need for invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy; 8) death. Patients with no data on illness onset (350, 11.4%), disease severity score on admission day (279, 9.1%), or age (2, 0.1%) were excluded from this analysis; b 1, no limitation of daily activities; 2, limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen therapy; 3, need for supplemental oxygen therapy via nasal cannula; 4, need for supplemental oxygen therapy via facial mask; 5, need for high-flow supplemental oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6, need for invasive mechanical ventilation; 7, multi-organ failure or need for ECMO therapy. abstract: BACKGROUND: The fatality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies among countries owing to demographics, patient comorbidities, surge capacity of healthcare systems, and the quality of medical care. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the epidemic in Korea. METHODS: Using a modified World Health Organization clinical record form, we obtained clinical data for 3,060 patients with COVID-19 treated at 55 hospitals in Korea. Disease severity scores were defined as: 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen; 3) supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula; 4) supplemental oxygen via facial mask; 5) non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6) invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy; and 8) death. Recovery was defined as a severity score of 1 or 2, or discharge and release from isolation. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years of age; 43.6% were male. The median time from illness onset to admission was 5 days. Of the patients with a disease severity score of 3–4 on admission, 65 (71.5%) of the 91 patients recovered, and 7 (7.7%) died due to illness by day 28. Of the patients with disease severity scores of 5–7, 7 (19.5%) of the 36 patients recovered, and 8 (22.2%) died due to illness by day 28. None of the 1,324 patients who were < 50 years of age died; in contrast, the fatality rate due to illness by day 28 was 0.5% (2/375), 0.9% (2/215), 5.8% (6/104), and 14.0% (7/50) for the patients aged 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 years of age, respectively. CONCLUSION: In Korea, almost all patients of < 50 years of age with COVID-19 recovered without supplemental oxygen. In patients of ≥ 50 years of age, the fatality rate increased with age, reaching 14% in patients of ≥ 80 years of age. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32743995/ doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e280 id: cord-348459-v3e1zqpa author: Sung, J. title: Development and Validation of a Simple Risk Score for Diagnosing COVID-19 in the Emergency Room date: 2020-08-14 words: 2556.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348459-v3e1zqpa.txt summary: A risk prediction score for COVID-19 can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision to triage, test, and quarantine patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room. At present, no validated risk score or stratification system is readily available to aid the clinical decisionmaking process of hospital-based staff in determining when testing for COVID-19 is appropriate [3] . In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of patients presenting to an emergency department in an acute care hospital in the Metropolitan Washington D.C. area who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted. Patients were included in the study if they presented to the emergency room and were admitted to the hospital with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (cases) or tested negative for COVID-19 within 24 hours of hospital admission (controls). The risk score system achieved AUROC of 0.83 in validation, and can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision in the triage, quarantine, and testing of patients admitted to the hospital with suspicion of COVID-19 infection. abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate and place pressure on hospital system resources, a proper screening and risk stratification score is essential. We aimed to develop a risk score to identify patients with increased risk of COVID-19, allowing proper identification and allocation of limited resources. A retrospective study was conducted of 338 patients who were admitted to the hospital from the emergency room and tested for COVID-19 at an acute care hospital in the Metropolitan Washington D.C. area. The dataset was split into development and validation sets with a ratio of 6:4. Demographics, presenting symptoms, sick contact, triage vital signs, initial laboratory and chest X-ray results were analyzed to develop a prediction model for COVID-19 diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a stepwise fashion to develop a prediction model, and a scoring system was created based on the coefficients of the final model. Among 338 patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room, 136 (40.2%) patients tested positive for COVID-19 and 202 (59.8%) patients tested negative. Nursing facility residence (2 points), sick contact (2 points), constitutional symptom (1 point), respiratory symptom (1 point), gastrointestinal symptom (1 point), obesity (1 point), hypoxia at triage (1 point), and leukocytosis (-1 point) were included in the prediction score. A risk score for COVID-19 diagnosis achieved AUROC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.92) in the development dataset and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76-0.90) in the validation dataset. A risk prediction score for COVID-19 can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision to triage, test, and quarantine patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.11.20173112 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.11.20173112 id: cord-310776-4iqu18gi author: Supady, Alexander title: Extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as an alternative to pharmacological inhibition of IL-6 in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 546.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310776-4iqu18gi.txt summary: Following initial reports describing Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a predictive factor for a negative outcome, extracorporeal cytokine adsorption was discussed as a possible treatment option for severe COVID-19 cases. A major advantage of extracorporeal cytokine adsorption over the other therapeutic approaches discussed in this debate is that it does not selectively block a specific receptor or signal transduction cascade, but it rather reduces particularly elevated concentrations of various inflammatory mediators such as interleukins, TNF-α, and also interferons; these factors have both pro-and anti-inflammatory functions. These two aspects may be particularly relevant, e.g., in the case of bacterial superinfection in severe COVID-19 when an adequate immune response is required. Exploring pharmacological approaches for managing cytokine storm associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients Cytokine adsorption in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03238-1 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03238-1 id: cord-337906-qis8h3r3 author: Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan title: Transaminitis is an indicator of mortality in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-09-27 words: 3089.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337906-qis8h3r3.txt summary: METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study of 130 consecutive patients with a positive COVID PCR test admitted between March 16, 2020 to May 14, 2020 at a tertiary care University-based medical center. The Wilcoxon-rank sum test and paired t-test were used for comparing non-parametric and parametric continuous variables respectively and a multivariable logistic regression models to study the association between transaminitis and mortality using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, United States). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that transaminitis on admission was associated with severe clinical outcomes such as admission to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. The clinical impact of the hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 infection has led to our attempt to describe the association of transaminitis with patient morbidity and mortality in the Central New York population. Describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients and study the association between transaminitis and all-cause mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its discovery in Wuhan, China in December of 2019, the novel coronavirus has progressed to become one of the worst pandemics seen in the last 100 years. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the hepatic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). AIM: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients and study the association between transaminitis and all-cause mortality. METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study of 130 consecutive patients with a positive COVID PCR test admitted between March 16, 2020 to May 14, 2020 at a tertiary care University-based medical center. The Wilcoxon-rank sum test and paired t-test were used for comparing non-parametric and parametric continuous variables respectively and a multivariable logistic regression models to study the association between transaminitis and mortality using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, United States). RESULTS: Out of the 130 patients, 73 (56%) patients were found to have transaminitis and 57 (44%) did not. When compared to patients without transaminitis, the transaminitis group was found to have a higher median body mass index (30.2 kg/m(2) vs 27.3 kg/m(2), P = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis those with transaminitis were found to have 3.4 times higher odds of dying as compared to those without transaminitis adjusting for gender, the Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index and admission to the intensive care unit (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that transaminitis on admission was associated with severe clinical outcomes such as admission to the intensive care unit, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v12.i9.619 doi: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i9.619 id: cord-296316-huyw5eo1 author: Suresh, Padmanaban S. title: Curcumin and Coagulopathy in the COVID19 Era date: 2020-07-15 words: 629.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296316-huyw5eo1.txt summary: authors: Suresh, Padmanaban S. I want to highlight further the connection between COVID-19 associated coagulopathies and how proposing curcumin will be beneficial in this context from the available literature knowledge. COVID-19 patients exhibit thrombotic complications apart from sepsis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, etc., One of the characteristic features of COVID-19 disease is the associated coagulopathy with increased circulating D-dimer concentrations. International society of thrombosis and hemostasis proposes an algorithm of measuring D-dimer, prothrombin time, platelet count and fibrinogen in all patients with COVID-19 infection [5] . Markedly raised D-dimer (maybe 3-4 fold increase) prolonged prothrombin time, platelet count (100 9 10 9 /L), fibrinogen (\ 2 g/L) are guiding parameters in the management of COVID-19 patients. Investigators have explored the antithrombotic activities of Curcumin and mitigating effect on thrombosis by modulating platelet numbers, D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 in mice [7] [8] [9] . D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837032/ doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00914-5 id: cord-289029-6vcjioon author: Suri, Abdul Wahab title: The Rejuvenation of the Withering Nation State and Bio-power: The New Dynamics of Human Interaction date: 2020-08-25 words: 2784.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289029-6vcjioon.txt summary: The incapacity of some advanced nation-states to control the masses through their frameworks of governmentality is leading to a revival of disciplinary power in the First World. In many parts of the world, states are instrumentalizing this type of power to discipline people in order to control the wide spread of the virus. In our part of the world (Pakistan) the people in power are constantly informing those who are not that, given that the virus is so contagious, they will be unable to provide healthcare to everyone who is infected or likely to be infected. This discourse at the subliminal level conveys the false assumption that under normal circumstances the public sector healthcare apparatus is actually capable of accommodating all the sick people affected by diseases other than COVID-19-which is, of course, untrue. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 comes at the time when a shrinking public sector healthcare is an acknowledged fact in post-colonial societies. The policies adopted by the apparatus of most nation states for the past thirty years or more reveal that providing healthcare to all sections of societies is not a priority. The gradual process of economic liberalization has established “market” as the only legitimate mechanism of the distribution of goods/services as per the efficiency principle. The financial markets are globalized in such a manner that nation states are constantly losing their capacity to perform redistributive functions. State withdrawal from the provision of welfare rights is undermining its moral authority to impose any normative imperative to the people who are being left alone at the mercy of market forces. But the spread of COVID-19 on a global scale has provided an opportunity to the nation state. With the help of healthcare systems, the State has reasserted itself as the ultimate archangel to define human beings and their respective status in the newly emerging nomenclature of the public sphere. In this paper, the rejuvenation of the nation state with respect to bio-power will be discussed in the postcolonial context. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840845/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10021-y id: cord-322229-a7sz6e3c author: Suryadevara, V. title: Mental Health Status among the South Indian Pharmacy Students during Covid-19 Pandemic Quarantine Period: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-05-12 words: 2258.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322229-a7sz6e3c.txt summary: The current study represents the mental health survey conducted on the students of South India after the completion of one month quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: In India during the outbreak of COVID-19, an alarming number of students were found to have an impact on mental health due to the outbreak and were observed to have higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. This study represents probably the first mental health survey conducted in the students of South Indiaafter the one month quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak. After the country''s outbreak of COVID-19, the government of India declared public health emergency of National concern, 26 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe depressive symptoms; 31.5 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe anxiety symptoms,and 19 % reported severe to extremely severe stress levels. abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak created a major panic among all the citizens of the country owing to its severity, contagiousness within the community, lack of specific treatment and possibility of re-infection. All these factors along with the uncertain behaviour of the virus lead to state of fear and concern all throught out the nation. The current study represents the mental health survey conducted on the students of South India after the completion of one month quarantine period of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional, web-based online survey which consists of 21-item DASS questionnaire. This was used to assess the emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Using Google Forms, the questionnaire was randomly distributed among the pharmacy students of selected colleges. Mean with standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables and the number with percentage was calculated for categorical variables. Results: A total of 500 participants responded to the questionnaire. More than half of the responses were received from females (65%). On assessment it was found that, 26 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe depressive symptoms; 31.5 % of respondents reported severe to extremely severe anxiety symptoms, and 19 % reported severe to extremely severe stress levels. Conclusion: In India during the outbreak of COVID-19, an alarming number of students were found to have an impact on mental health due to the outbreak and were observed to have higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The study findings shows the need of conducting more such studies and can be used to prepare appropriate psychological interventions to improve mental health among the young public during the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.08.20093708v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.08.20093708 id: cord-228736-x1w5pi67 author: Suryanarayanan, Parthasarathy title: WNTRAC: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Tracking of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Implemented Worldwide for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-02 words: 4632.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-228736-x1w5pi67.txt summary: We present the Worldwide Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Tracker for COVID-19 (WNTRAC), a comprehensive dataset consisting of over 6,000 NPIs implemented worldwide since the start of the pandemic. For example, the CoronaNet dataset 11 contains the monadic and dyadic data on policy actions taken by governments across the world, manually curated by over 500 researchers covering sixteen NPI types and is kept fairly up-to-date. The Complexity Science Hub, Vienna enlisted researchers, students and volunteers to curate the Complexity Science Hub COVID-19 Control Strategies List 12 dataset, of eight different NPI types but covering only 57 countries. Similarly, the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker 13 dataset, takes a crowd-sourcing approach and covers 17 NPI types, 186 regions, 52 US states and territories. It consists of two subsystems: a data processing pipeline for capturing and extracting potential NPI events from Wikipedia articles and a tool, WNTRAC Curator for human validation of NPI events automatically extracted using the aforementioned pipeline. abstract: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has transformed almost every facet of human society throughout the world. Against an emerging, highly transmissible disease with no definitive treatment or vaccine, governments worldwide have implemented non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) to slow the spread of the virus. Examples of such interventions include community actions (e.g. school closures, restrictions on mass gatherings), individual actions (e.g. mask wearing, self-quarantine), and environmental actions (e.g. public facility cleaning). We present the Worldwide Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Tracker for COVID-19 (WNTRAC), a comprehensive dataset consisting of over 6,000 NPIs implemented worldwide since the start of the pandemic. WNTRAC covers NPIs implemented across 261 countries and territories, and classifies NPI measures into a taxonomy of sixteen NPI types. NPI measures are automatically extracted daily from Wikipedia articles using natural language processing techniques and manually validated to ensure accuracy and veracity. We hope that the dataset is valuable for policymakers, public health leaders, and researchers in modeling and analysis efforts for controlling the spread of COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.07057v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-284272-68ykes60 author: Suso-Ribera, Carlos title: How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID–19 Quarantine in Spain date: 2020-06-18 words: 5397.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284272-68ykes60.txt summary: Therefore, the goal of the present study is to investigate the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to the extent to which a comprehensive set of socio-demographic, behavioral, and personality/cognitive correlate with well-being just at the beginning of the quarantine in Spain (first three days). Status during the Beginning of the Quarantine (First Three Days) and Comparison with Data from the General Population Before the Quarantine As indicated in Table 3 , participants in the present study reported more depressed mood (t = 5.79, p < 0.001, d = 0.30) and anger (t = 4.81, p < 0.001, d = 0.25), as well as less vigor (t = −12.49, p < 0.001, d = 0.69) and friendliness (t = −9.41, p < 0.001, d = 0.47) compared to data from the general population previous to the current COVID-19 crisis [17] . abstract: Background: Recommendations on lifestyles during quarantine have been proposed by researchers and institutions since the COVID–19 crisis emerged. However, most of these have never been tested under real quarantine situations or derive from older investigations conducted mostly in China and Canada in the face of infections other than COVID–19. The present study aimed at exploring the relationship between a comprehensive set of recommended lifestyles, socio–demographic, and personality variables and mood during the first stages of quarantine. Methods: A virtual snow–ball recollection technique was used to disseminate the survey across the general population in Spain starting the first day of mandatory quarantine (15 March 2020) until three days later (17 March). In total, 2683 Spanish adults (mean age = 34.86 years, SD = 13.74 years; 77.7% women) from the general population completed measures on socio–demographic, COVID–related, behavioral, personality/cognitive, and mood characteristics. Results: In the present study, depression and anger were higher than levels reported in a previous investigation before the COVID–19 crisis, while vigor, friendliness, and fatigue were lower. Anxiety levels were comparable. The expected direction of associations was confirmed for the majority of predictors. However, effect sizes were generally small and only a subset of them correlated to most outcomes. Intolerance of unpleasant emotions, neuroticism, and, to a lesser extent, agreeableness, sleep quality, young age, and time spent Internet surfing were the most robust and strongest correlates of mood states. Conclusions: Some recommended lifestyles (i.e., maintaining good quality of sleep and reducing Internet surfing) might be more important than others during the first days of quarantine. Promoting tolerance to unpleasant emotions (e.g., through online, self–managed programs) might also be of upmost importance. So far, recommendations have been made in general, but certain subgroups (e.g., certain personality profiles and young adults) might be especially vulnerable and should receive more attention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570832/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124382 id: cord-032256-7yrh16ab author: Susskind, Daniel title: The economics of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment date: 2020-08-29 words: 6484.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032256-7yrh16ab.txt summary: The two are closely related: it is becoming clear that the use of compulsory lockdowns-by the end of March 2020, over 100 countries had one in place-had an important signalling effect at the start of the pandemic, making clear how critical it was for individuals to change their behaviour. In turn, there appear to be important age inequalities, too: the International Labour Office (ILO), for instance, argues that young people have been ''disproportionately affected'' by the pandemic, which has disrupted their education and training, and forced them out of work; one in six young people surveyed by the ILO, for example, had stopped working since the start of the COVID-19 crisis (ILO, 2020). (2020, this issue) argue, as we move out of lockdown and into a tentative period of recovery, it will be necessary to consider a new set of policy options: extension of short-time work and possible temporary subsidy for re-employment; corporation tax incentives; VAT reductions; and a holiday from taxes on business property. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created both a medical crisis and an economic crisis. As others have noted, we face challenges just as big as those in the Spanish Flu Pandemic and the Great Depression—all at once. The tasks facing policy-makers are extraordinary. Many new kinds of intervention are urgently required. This issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy has two objectives. The first is to explore these new interventions: evaluating their use, suggesting how they might be improved, and proposing alternatives. The second is to show that the challenges facing us are global and will require international cooperation if they are to be dealt with effectively. This short introductory essay positions the papers in the issue within an overall conceptual framework, with the aim of telling an overarching story about the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499690/ doi: 10.1093/oxrep/graa036 id: cord-334955-gnu92up6 author: Sutton, Jeannette title: COVID-19: Retransmission of official communications in an emerging pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 7800.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334955-gnu92up6.txt summary: In this research, we examine message features shown in prior disasters to increase or decrease message retransmission under imminent threat conditions to develop models of official risk communicators'' messages shared online from February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020. We develop a lexicon of keywords associated with risk communication about the pandemic response, then use automated coding to identify message content and message structural features. They found that actionable and instructive messages and those that included a visual image were highly shared regardless of the time period; however, daily updates in the form of forecasts or current weather conditions involving little uncertainty, as well as message features that increase interaction, such as direct replies and URLs, decreased message passing. Messages that include information sharing decreases retransmission; however, this content increased post emergency declaration by 61%. abstract: As the most visible face of health expertise to the general public, health agencies have played a central role in alerting the public to the emerging COVID-19 threat, providing guidance for protective action, motivating compliance with health directives, and combating misinformation. Social media platforms such as Twitter have been a critical tool in this process, providing a communication channel that allows both rapid dissemination of messages to the public at large and individual-level engagement. Message dissemination and amplification is a necessary precursor to reaching audiences, both online and off, as well as inspiring action. Therefore, it is valuable for organizational risk communication to identify strategies and practices that may lead to increased message passing among online users. In this research, we examine message features shown in prior disasters to increase or decrease message retransmission under imminent threat conditions to develop models of official risk communicators’ messages shared online from February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020. We develop a lexicon of keywords associated with risk communication about the pandemic response, then use automated coding to identify message content and message structural features. We conduct chi-square analyses and negative binomial regression modeling to identify the strategies used by official risk communicators that respectively increase and decrease message retransmission. Findings show systematic changes in message strategies over time and identify key features that affect message passing, both positively and negatively. These results have the potential to aid in message design strategies as the pandemic continues, or in similar future events. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32936804/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238491 id: cord-285944-8lapwnuw author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-10 words: 2171.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285944-8lapwnuw.txt summary: We propose three possible underlying mechanisms based on our current knowledge: 1) direct brain injury from SARS-CoV-2, 2) persistent immune dysfunction and dysregulation of cytokines, and 3) vascular thrombosis. According to our case series, the lack of normal daily temperature variation in patient 4 and 5, and the presence of hypothermia in patient 1 and 5 support the hypothesis that direct brain injury from SARS-CoV-2 leads to hyperpyrexia. SARS-CoV-2 may cause injury to the brain-stem respiratory center explaining why COVID-19 patients often report lesser perception of dyspnea than the actual degree of hypoxia and the extent of lung pathology [15] . Our case series also highlights the need to determine underlying mechanisms of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients as each cause requires different management. The underlying mechanisms of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 are unknown but may be a result of SARS-CoV-2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a global health emergency, in which its effective treatment and prevention remain obscured. Hyperpyrexia is an elevation of body temperature (BT) above 106.7 °F (41.5 °C) due to an abnormally increased hypothalamic thermo‐regulatory set. The pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 patients have not yet been studied. Herein, we present clinical features and outcomes of six COVID‐19 patients who had developed hyperpyrexia during hospitalization. All patients expired shortly after the onset of hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia seems to adversely impact the outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID‐19. The underlying mechanisms of developing hyperpyrexia in COVID‐19 are mysterious. We propose it may be caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. More research is needed to verify our results. Understanding the association between hyperpyrexia and SARS‐CoV‐2 will help to elucidate the COVID‐19 pathogenesis, which is mandatory for developing effective treatment strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26154 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26154 id: cord-302786-ibt7mupq author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Fatal Outcome in a Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipient With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 2229.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302786-ibt7mupq.txt summary: Despite a growing report on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19, the data in the special population, including transplant recipients, is still limited. We proposed that the pre-existing T-cell dysfunction from the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplant recipients adversely affects COVID-19 prognosis and worsens COVID-19 mortality. However, impaired immune functions may paradoxically protect transplant patients from the hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and thus dampen the disease severity. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant recipients may alter clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19. The long-term use of immunosuppressive medications in organ transplant recipients is associated with the decrease in T-cell number and function; TAC and MMF preferentially inhibit T-cell response. However, in this report, immunosuppressive agents were discontinued in patients with severe disease, presumably with high mortality risks. Preexisting T-cell immune response deficits from long-term use of immunosuppressive agents may worsen the prognosis of COVID-19 in transplant recipients. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious pathogen causing the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the ongoing unprecedented pandemic in 2020. SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory systems, so acute respiratory distress syndrome is the major cause of death. Clinical courses of COVID-19 are variable and unpredictable, while some epidemiologic and clinical factors have been found to have a negative impact on the disease prognosis. Despite a growing report on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19, the data in the special population, including transplant recipients, is still limited. Herein we report on the clinical features and fatal outcome of COVID-19 in a dual pancreas-kidney transplant recipient (with failure of the pancreas graft). Our case illustrates the similarities and differences of the COVID-19 disease course between transplant recipients and the general population. We proposed that the pre-existing T-cell dysfunction from the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplant recipients adversely affects COVID-19 prognosis and worsens COVID-19 mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8691 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8691 id: cord-335625-z9ifjsil author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Lithium Toxicity in Two Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients date: 2020-05-31 words: 1669.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335625-z9ifjsil.txt summary: Herein, we are reporting the clinical features and outcomes of two patients with COVID-19 who initially presented with signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. We report two patients initially presented with acute lithium intoxication in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The second patient had mild COVID-19 infection but complicated with AKI and lithium intoxication. Our report may point out that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with psychiatric illness and taking lithium are similar to those of the general population. Some patients may be quarantined at home due to mild symptoms of COVID-19 but at risk of lethal complications from medication toxicity. Prompt recognition and treatment of medication toxicity will prevent patients'' morbidity and mortality. Patients with psychiatric illness and taking lithium may have similar clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 compared to those without. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease, which is currently causing a devastating pandemic resulting in more than millions of infected cases worldwide. Emerging evidence reports the impact of several co-morbidities on the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19. However, the evidence regarding the association of mental health illnesses and psychiatric treatment on the prognoses of COVID-19 is still lacking. Lithium is a commonly prescribed psychiatric medication that is also well known for its highly lethal toxicity. Many factors can fluctuate the level of lithium, such as drug interaction, illness, and infection. Prompt recognition and management of lithium intoxication is required to reduce patients’ morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no report regarding COVID-19 and lithium toxicity. Herein, we are presenting two patients with COVID-19 who initially presented with signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity. Our cases emphasize the need for special attention in taking care of patients who are taking lithium during the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, we recommend obtaining lithium levels in all patients who have been taking lithium and have the diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8384 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8384 id: cord-352102-ssk24jkx author: Suwanwongse, Kulachanya title: Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient date: 2020-04-26 words: 1125.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352102-ssk24jkx.txt summary: Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. Appendectomy is the gold standard of care for patients with acute appendicitis, but recent evidence showed that conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes [2] . Non-operative treatment for acute appendicitis has additional benefits, including the elimination of the mortality and morbidity risks associated with surgery, as well as the complications of anesthesia, infection, and bleeding, the obliteration of the long-term complications of abdominal surgery, such as bowel obstruction and chronic wound pain, a decrease in the treatment cost and the length of hospital stay [2] [3] [4] . Although there is increasing evidence that intravenous antibiotics can be used as alternative management, especially in patients with a high operative risk, appendectomy remains the gold standard of care for patients with acute appendicitis. abstract: Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. Performing appendectomy in acute appendicitis patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is challenging, as it involves considerable operative risks for the patients and risks for health care professionals (HCPs) exposed to COVID-19. Medical management eliminates the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery but involves significant risks of treatment failures that, in turn, may lead to perforation, peritonitis, and death. We are reporting a case of a middle-aged man with multiple co-morbidities, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute appendicitis. Our patient received intravenous antibiotics for seven days with a significant improvement in symptoms. Our case report illustrates the implementation of successful conservative treatment for acute appendicitis in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7834 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7834 id: cord-253730-cdkzvfib author: Suzuki, Emily title: Assessment of the Need for Early Initiation of Rehabilitation Treatments in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-13 words: 3452.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253730-cdkzvfib.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, including risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to evaluate the need for rehabilitation to prevent pulmonary embolism. The clinical characteristics and blood test results of patients with no history on admission of oral anticoagulant use were evaluated to assess the importance of inflammation and clotting function as risk factors for pulmonary embolism. 8) Because hypercoagulability and hyperinflammation have been reported in patients with COVID-19, we compared coagulability and inflammation by sex and the severity of COVID-19 to identify risk factors for PE that can be used to determine the necessity of early rehabilitation intervention to prevent PE. Considering the high risk of hospital-acquired infections and the worldwide shortage of medical resources, including not only PPE but also physicians, nurses, and rehabilitation therapists, it is understandable that the guidelines for physiotherapy do not recommend affirmative intervention for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients, including risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to evaluate the need for rehabilitation to prevent pulmonary embolism. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was conducted of patients admitted to the study hospital with COVID-19 between April 2 and April 23, 2020. The clinical characteristics and blood test results of patients with no history on admission of oral anticoagulant use were evaluated to assess the importance of inflammation and clotting function as risk factors for pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients with COVID-19 were admitted during the study period. Their median age was 54.0 years (range: 41–63 years) and 38 of 51 (74.5%) were men. The most common comorbidities in men were diabetes (9/38, 23.7%) and hypertension (13/38, 34.2%). On admission, white blood cell counts were normal in both sexes, whereas C-reactive protein and hemostatic marker levels, except for the activated partial thromboplastin time, were significantly higher in men. Moreover, C-reactive protein and hemostatic marker levels were significantly higher in patients that required invasive ventilation. Two patients were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism, neither of whom required invasive ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercoagulability and hyperinflammation were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in men with high oxygen demand. We recommend anticoagulant therapy and early rehabilitation intervention to prevent pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.2490/prm.20200018 doi: 10.2490/prm.20200018 id: cord-303785-2y4a1luj author: Suárez, V. title: Epidemiología de COVID-19 en México: del 27 febrero al 30 de abril de 2020 date: 2020-05-27 words: 4720.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303785-2y4a1luj.txt summary: En respuesta a este brote global, resumimos el estado actual del conocimiento en torno a la COVID-19 en México hasta el mes de abril: esta información tiene valor para comprender la expansión de la enfermedad y el efecto de las medidas de contención en nuestro país. Un caso importado es una persona que ha viajado a un área afectada fuera del país en los 14 días previos al inicio de la enfermedad; contacto importado es la persona infectada por contacto directo con un caso importado, y contagio local, la persona sin antecedentes de contagio por importación. El 11 de marzo, el mismo día que la OMS clasificó a la COVID-19 como pandemia, se informaron de cuatro nuevos casos: dos en la Ciudad de México y uno más en Querétaro, todos ellos pacientes que habían regresado de un viaje a España y cuyas edades oscilaban entre 30 y 41 años. En este estudio se presentan las características del COVID-19 en México 64 días después del primer caso confirmado en el país. abstract: Resumen Antecedentes. El primer caso de COVID-19 se detectó en México el 27 de febrero de 2020. El 30 de abril, 64 días después de este primer diagnóstico, el número de pacientes aumentó exponencialmente, alcanzando un total de 19.224 casos confirmados y 1.859 (9,67%) fallecidos. En respuesta a este brote global, resumimos el estado actual del conocimiento sobre COVID-19 en México. Métodos. Los datos se obtuvieron del sitio web oficial del Ministerio de Salud en México. El período analizado fue entre el 27 de febrero y el 30 de abril de 2020. Los casos se confirmaron mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real y se analizaron los datos epidemiológicos, demográficos y clínicos. Resultados. La mayoría de los casos de COVID-19 se ubicaron en la Ciudad de México. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 46 años. De los 12.656 casos confirmados, el mayor número de infectados ocurre en el rango de edad entre 30 y 59 años (65,85%), y hubo una mayor incidencia en hombres (58,18%) que en mujeres (41,82%). Los pacientes fallecidos tenían una o múltiples comorbilidades, principalmente hipertensión (45,53%), diabetes (39,39%) y obesidad (30,4%). En los primeros 64 días de epidemia, China había reportado 80.304 casos con una tasa de mortalidad del 3,66%. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados indican la transmisión temprana de COVID-19 en México. La epidemiología descriptiva muestra las similitudes entre los casos de COVID-19 de México y China. En el mismo período de la curva epidémica, observamos en México una reducción en el número de casos confirmados de COVID-19 y una mayor tasa de mortalidad en comparación con China. Abstract Background The first case of COVID-19 detected in Mexico was on the 27th of February 2020. On the 30th of April, 64 days after this first diagnosis, the number of patients had increased exponentially, reaching 19,224 confirmed cases and 1859 (9.67%) deaths. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of our understanding regarding COVID-19 in Mexico. Methods. We obtained the data from the official website of the Ministry of Health in Mexico. The study period was between the 27th of February and the 30th of April 2020. The cases were confirmed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and we analysed epidemiological, demographic and clinical data. Results. In Mexico, most cases of COVID-19 were located in Mexico City. The mean age of the patients was 46 years. Of the 12,656 confirmed cases, most infected individuals were between the ages of 30 and 59 years (65.85%), and there was a higher incidence rate in men (58.18%) than in women (41.82%). The patients who died had one or more comorbidities, mainly hypertension (45.53%), diabetes (39.39%) and obesity (30.4%). In the first 64 days of the epidemic, China had reported 80,304 cases with a mortality rate of 3.66%. Conclusions. Our results indicate an early transmission of COVID-19 in Mexico. The descriptive epidemiology shows similarities between the cases of COVID-19 in Mexico and those in China. In the same period of the epidemic curve, we observed a reduction in the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico and a higher mortality rate compared with that of China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32560915/ doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.05.007 id: cord-349198-mx5pu9fq author: Sverzellati, Nicola title: Integrated Radiologic Algorithm for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 words: 1673.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349198-mx5pu9fq.txt summary: 12 On the basis of scientific data, knowledge in thoracic radiology, and our Institutional intensive experience with COVID-19 epidemic, we drew and adapted an integrated radiologic algorithm based on the first 702 cases of patients who referred to dedicated COVID-19 radiology protocol after first-level clinical triage in a dedicated emergency unit ( Fig. 2A) . Radiologic integrated contribution is established with 3 major categories that specifically refer to COVID-19: category 1 (green border) encompasses both normal CT and CT with signs of exclusive non-COVID-19 disease; category 2 (yellow border) is meant as indeterminate category that includes 2 main complex scenarios with COVID-19 as alternative or overlapping disease; category 3 encompasses typical patterns recently associated with COVID-19. The supervening massive situation ought to try and define some very low-risk strata among category 2 and 3 patients by definition of extremely small findings on CT to be integrated with clinical parameters and to allow early discharge from hospital with peripheral follow-up (general practitioners are involved in peripheral monitoring of COVID-19) (Fig. 2B) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32271278/ doi: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000516 id: cord-310997-ulgemn42 author: Swai, Joel title: Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-09-11 words: 788.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310997-ulgemn42.txt summary: title: Letter to the editor—Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Firstly, the mortality rate for COVID-19 patients with AKI is different in the text (i.e., 76.5%; 95% CI 61.0-89.0) from one reported in the authors'' Figure 1 (i.e., 78.0%; 95% CI 63.0-90.0). Letter to the editor-Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis" As the author pointed out, the reported results of mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is different from the text and Figure 1c in the original publication of our article [1] . In addition, our research letter aimed to overview the AKI mortality in patients with different coronaviruses, but the clinical heterogeneity between studies should be also noted. Mortality rate of acute kidney injury in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03239-0 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03239-0 id: cord-274339-gj9wjkoo author: Swanson, D. A. title: A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington date: 2020-05-05 words: 2060.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274339-gj9wjkoo.txt summary: title: A Simple Method for Estimating the Number of Unconfirmed COVID-19 Cases in a Local Area that Includes a Confidence Interval: A Case Study of Whatcom County, Washington We go on to show how a confidence interval can be constructed around an estimate of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases constructed from this method, using Whatcom County, Washington as a case study. We conclude with the application of these steps to Whatcom County, Washington to obtain an estimate of its number of positive, unconfirmed cases along with 95% lower and upper confidence limits. In adapting the censal-ratio method to estimate the number of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases, we revise equations [1] and [2] as follows . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20086181 doi: medRxiv preprint Developing a Confidence Interval Swanson and Tayman (2012: 189-191) describe how inferential measures such as the coefficient of variation can be obtained from censal-ratio methods. abstract: Along with many other data problems affecting the unfolding of the COVID-10 pandemic in the United States, virtually nothing is known about the number of positive, unconfirmed cases, especially in local areas. We show that it is possible to estimate the number of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases using a simple, long-established method employed by demographers to estimate a population in the absence of a census count. We go on to show how a confidence interval can be constructed around an estimate of positive, unconfirmed COVID-19 cases constructed from this method, using Whatcom County, Washington as a case study. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20086181 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086181 id: cord-326089-8234mcdk author: Sweid, Ahmad title: Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network date: 2020-06-13 words: 560.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326089-8234mcdk.txt summary: title: Incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Rate of Mechanical Thrombectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Tertiary Care Telemedicine Network The precipitous decrease in AIS admissions and telestroke consults may be a consequence of patients not reporting neurological manifestations due to the fear of contracting the virus by visiting the Emergency Room. Such outcomes are consistent with previous reports by the World Stroke Organization (50%-70% decline in AIS admission) and the cardiology experience from the USA (38% decrease in cardiac catheterization lab STEMI activations). 1, 2 The higher incidence of COVID-19 patients in the overall stroke group can be supported by recent theories that systemic COVID-19 may contribute to a hyper-thrombotic state and increase the risk of AIS. Of the 6 COVID-19 patients, 4 had tandem occlusions or multiple arterial occlusions (67%) compared to historic controls in our stroke series of 15%. Stroke care and the COVID19 pandemic words from our President. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32544621/ doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.053 id: cord-327827-oliw4ee5 author: Sweid, Ahmad title: Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 words: 1050.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327827-oliw4ee5.txt summary: 1, 2 The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. 3, 4 Additionally, epidemiological data demonstrated increased mortality due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during flu pandemics due to a hypercoagulable state. 5, 6 The triad of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2, induction of hypercoagulable state, [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] and the inhibition of ACE2 blocking the formation of Angiotensin (1-7) serve as the pathophysiology for neurovascular insults. 3, 4 We present a case series of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from 2 health systems developing cerebrovascular insult. Fourteen patients were identified with the diagnosis of cerebrovascular insult and COVID-19 infection. Medical charts were queried for baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, duration between COVID-19 symptoms and the neurological manifestation, cerebrovascular insult, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at presentation, procedure details, and mortality. Moreover, cerebrovascular insult was the primary manifestation of COVID-19 in patients who did not have the fulminant virus manifestations present. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa254 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa254 id: cord-029880-mhmvc0kq author: Sy, Charlle title: Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 2585.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029880-mhmvc0kq.txt summary: title: Policy Development for Pandemic Response Using System Dynamics: a Case Study on COVID-19 These models have been integral in providing insights necessary for developing risk management strategies that minimize the transmission of disease outbreaks and other negative impacts, such as shortages in essential resources and economic declines. Araz (2013) proposed an integrated framework joining system dynamics with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) a decision-making tool for the assessment of public health strategies in an influenza outbreak capturing multiple stakeholder preferences. To address this gap, this research is aimed to demonstrate the viability of system dynamics as a framework to understand and develop response strategies for disease pandemics such as COVID-19. The general objective of the study is to develop a system dynamics model of COVID-19 for different scenarios aiming to equip decision-makers with evidence-based judgment in the control of the outbreak. Integrating complex system dynamics of pandemic influenza with a multi-criteria decision making model for evaluating public health strategies abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has burdened several countries. Its high transmissibility and mortality rate have caused devastating impacts on human lives. This has led countries to implement control strategies, such as social distancing, travel bans, and community lockdowns, with varying levels of success. However, a disease outbreak can cause significant economic disruption from business closures and risk avoidance behaviors. This paper raises policy recommendations through a system dynamics modeling approach. The developed model captures relationships, feedbacks, and delays present in a disease transmission system. The dynamics of several policies are analyzed and assessed based on effectiveness in mitigating infection and the resulting economic strain. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7388738/ doi: 10.1007/s41660-020-00130-x id: cord-318871-ffyavhm0 author: Sy, K. T. L. title: Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery date: 2020-07-26 words: 2515.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318871-ffyavhm0.txt summary: title: Previous and active tuberculosis in COVID-19 patients increases risk of death and prolongs recovery We aimed to compare the risk and survival time of death and recovery among COVID-19 patients with and without TB. The primary analysis estimated the risk ratios of death and recovery comparing COVID-19 patients with and without TB. Our findings reiterate the need to prioritize routine and testing services for tuberculosis, even with increased disruptions to health systems during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Most research on the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen have been conducted in highincome countries, and studies suggest worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients with other respiratory diseases in these countries, such as COPD (11, 12) and asthma (13) . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20154575 doi: medRxiv preprint created a propensity score matched subsample of only admitted COVID-19 patients, and conducted the same analysis. abstract: Background: There is growing literature on the association of SARS-CoV-2 and other chronic respiratory conditions, such as COPD and asthma. However, little is known about the relationship between coinfection with tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to compare the risk and survival time of death and recovery among COVID-19 patients with and without TB. Methods: We created a 4:1 propensity score matched sample of COVID-19 patients without and with TB, using COVID-19 surveillance data in the Philippines. We conducted a longitudinal cohort analysis of matched COVID-19 patients as of May 17, 2020, following them until June 15, 2020. The primary analysis estimated the risk ratios of death and recovery comparing COVID-19 patients with and without TB. Kaplan-Meier curves described time-to-death and time-to-recovery stratified by TB status, and differences in survival were assessed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The risk of death in COVID-19 patients among those with tuberculosis was 2.17 times greater compared to those without tuberculosis (95% CI: 1.40-3.37). The risk of recovery in COVID-19 patients among those with tuberculosis was 25% less than the risk among those without tuberculosis (RR=0.75, 0.63-0.91). Similarly, time-to-death among COVID-19 patients with TB was significantly shorter (p=0.0031) and time-to-recovery among those with TB was significantly longer than patients without TB (p=0.0046). Conclusions: Our findings show that coinfection with tuberculosis increases morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Our findings reiterate the need to prioritize routine and testing services for tuberculosis, even with increased disruptions to health systems during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20154575 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20154575 id: cord-279106-3ffa9djf author: Syatila Ab Ghani, Nur title: Side chain similarity comparisons for integrated drug repositioning and potential toxicity assessments in epidemic response scenarios: the case for COVID-19 date: 2020-10-21 words: 6970.0 sentences: 404.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279106-3ffa9djf.txt summary: In this work, the three-dimensional arrangements of amino acid side chains in known drug binding sites (substructures) were used to search for similarly arranged sites in SARS-CoV-2 protein structures in the Protein Data Bank for the potential repositioning of approved compounds. The investigations of binding properties in disease-related proteins derived from the comparison of amino acid substructure arrangements allows for effective mechanism driven decision making to rank and select only the compounds with the highest potential for success and safety to be prioritized for clinical trials or treatments. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify candidate compounds quickly and sustainably in combination with associated risk factors derived from the analysis of potential off-target site binding by the compounds to be repurposed. 33 In this work, amino acid side chain similarity searching was utilized to propose alternative target sites in 34 SARS-CoV-2 protein structures for drug repositioning. abstract: Structures of protein-drug-complexes provide an atomic level profile of drug-target interactions. In this work, the three-dimensional arrangements of amino acid side chains in known drug binding sites (substructures) were used to search for similarly arranged sites in SARS-CoV-2 protein structures in the Protein Data Bank for the potential repositioning of approved compounds. We were able to identify 22 target sites for the repositioning of 16 approved drug compounds as potential therapeutics for COVID-19. Using the same approach, we were also able to investigate the potentially promiscuous binding of the 16 compounds to off-target sites that could be implicated in toxicity and side effects that had not been provided by any previous studies. The investigations of binding properties in disease-related proteins derived from the comparison of amino acid substructure arrangements allows for effective mechanism driven decision making to rank and select only the compounds with the highest potential for success and safety to be prioritized for clinical trials or treatments. The intention of this work is not to explicitly identify candidate compounds but to present how an integrated drug repositioning and potential toxicity pipeline using side chain similarity searching algorithms are of great utility in epidemic scenarios involving novel pathogens. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify candidate compounds quickly and sustainably in combination with associated risk factors derived from the analysis of potential off-target site binding by the compounds to be repurposed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101604/ doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.013 id: cord-256676-b7p92sb1 author: Syed, Faiza title: Estimation of the Final Size of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan date: 2020-04-06 words: 1805.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256676-b7p92sb1.txt summary: We used an SIR model to predict the magnitude of the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan and compared the numbers with the reported cases on the national database. The basic assumption of the SIR model is that the total number of susceptible infected and recovered cases at any given time is equivalent to the test population, so the equations can be represented as: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 doi: medRxiv preprint Further assumptions of the SIR model assume that if the R˳ is greater than the ratio of total population and the susceptible cases at time zero then it would imply that the outbreak will turn into a full-fledged epidemic. Our study was focused on modelling the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan in order to estimate the number of infections, the peak infection day, the rate of increase of infections per day and the resolution of the end-point of the epidemic 1 . abstract: The COVID-19 infections in Pakistan are spreading at an exponential rate and a point may soon be reached where rigorous prevention measures would need to be adopted. Mathematical models can help define the scale of an epidemic and the rate at which an infection can spread in a community. We used an SIR model to predict the magnitude of the COVID-19 epidemic in Pakistan and compared the numbers with the reported cases on the national database. Our results indicate that Pakistan could hit peak number of infectious cases on May 26th, 2020 and by June 24th, 2020, 90% of the population will have become infected with the virus if policy interventions seeking to curb this infection are not adopted aggressively. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20050369 id: cord-255631-516epnjw author: Syeda, H. B. title: The Role of Machine Learning Techniques to Tackle COVID-19 Crisis: A Systematic Review. date: 2020-08-25 words: 6751.0 sentences: 469.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255631-516epnjw.txt summary: Results: The 128 publications selected were classified into three themes based on ML applications employed to combat the COVID-19 crisis: Computational Epidemiology (CE), Early Detection and Diagnosis (EDD), and Disease Progression (DP). This study focused on peer-reviewed publications, as well as, preprints that applied ML techniques to analyze and address COVID-19 crisis on different scales including diagnostics, prognostics, disease spread forecast, omics, and drug development. We identified forty studies that primarily focused on diagnosing COVID-19 in patients with suspected infection mostly using chest radiological images such as Computed Tomography (CT), X-Radiation (X-Ray), and Lung Ultrasound (LUS). In our review, we identified one study by Roy et al [126] who used a deep learning model on annotated LUS COVID-19 dataset to predict disease severity. The goal of the study was to develop a decision support tool that integrates readily available lab results from EHRs. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has strained global healthcare systems, especially ICUs, due to hospitalized patients having higher ICU transfer rates [133] . abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 has caused havoc with patients presenting a spectrum of complications forcing the healthcare experts around the globe to explore new technological solutions, and treatment plans. Machine learning (ML) based technologies have played a substantial role in solving complex problems, and several organizations have been swift to adopt and customize them in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on the role of ML as a comprehensive and decisive technology to fight the COVID-19 crisis in the arena of epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease progression. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all potentially relevant studies published and made available between December 1, 2019, and June 27, 2020. The search syntax was built using keywords specific to COVID-19 and ML. A total of 128 qualified articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the study objectives. Results: The 128 publications selected were classified into three themes based on ML applications employed to combat the COVID-19 crisis: Computational Epidemiology (CE), Early Detection and Diagnosis (EDD), and Disease Progression (DP). Of the 128 studies, 70 focused on predicting the outbreak, the impact of containment policies, and potential drug discoveries, which were grouped into the CE theme. For the EDD, we grouped forty studies that applied ML techniques to detect the presence of COVID-19 using the patient's radiological images or lab results. Eighteen publications that focused on predicting the disease progression, outcomes (recovery and mortality), Length of Stay (LOS), and number of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) days for COVID-19 positive patients were classified under the DP theme. Conclusions: In this systematic review, we assembled the current COVID-19 literature that utilized ML methods to provide insights into the COVID-19 themes, highlighting the important variables, data types, and available COVID-19 resources that can assist in facilitating clinical and translational research. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.23.20180158v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.23.20180158 id: cord-275510-fotolimq author: Sytwu, Huey-Kang title: Expeditious responses to COVID-19 crisis: from governmental management to laboratory approach date: 2020-09-19 words: 1458.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275510-fotolimq.txt summary: At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the National Health Command Center (NHCC) of Taiwan, unifying a central command system that is composed of the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the Biological Pathogen Disaster Command Center, the Central Medical Emergency Operations Center and the Counter-Bioterrorism Command Center, rapidly established several critical and timely actions including border control from the air and sea in early January, big data-and technology-based identification of cases, systematic quarantine of suspected cases, proactive case finding, resource allocation, daily press conference and extensive public education, negotiation with other countries and regions, formulation of policies for schools, childcare and nursing homes, and relief to businesses [1] . Facing the tremendous threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, governments all around the world should be well aware that more investments in public health, climate change countermeasures, a global health surveillance system, an effective research into identifying pathogens, subsequent treatment, vaccine development and effective health delivery systems are needed. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020301505?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.002 id: cord-277189-fe8ego7f author: Szabados, Bernadett title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcome for Four SARS-CoV-2-infected Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors date: 2020-05-26 words: 1698.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277189-fe8ego7f.txt summary: Preliminary data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with higher mortality among cancer patients, particularly in those on systemic therapy. During this period, 11 patients (15%) developed symptoms consistent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and four (5%) tested positive. These data suggest that the higher risk of COVID-19 death associated with systemic therapy in cancer may not apply to patients on ICIs. Assessment of COVID-19 severity in these patients can be complicated by the underlying cancer and its treatment. Preliminary data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (coronavirus disease 2019 ) is associated with higher mortality among cancer patients [1] . Current data on COVID-19 mortality among cancer patients group treatment modalities such as immune therapy and targeted therapy (n = 7) together, which is flawed [3] . The fever and cough resolved 5 d later, and the patient resumed his cancer treatment after completion of his self-isolation period. abstract: Preliminary data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with higher mortality among cancer patients, particularly in those on systemic therapy. It is unclear whether this applies to patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this case series, 74 patients from a single institution with genitourinary (GU) cancer on ICI were followed up during a 12-wk period. During this period, 11 patients (15%) developed symptoms consistent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and four (5%) tested positive. Two patients had metastatic urothelial cancer (treated with atezolizumab) and two had metastatic renal cancer (treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab). All had additional risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality and two received steroids within 1 mo of infection. Two patients developed symptoms requiring hospitalisation. All four are alive 32–45 d after their first symptoms and 28–38 d after testing positive. These patients all had multiple risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. These data suggest that the higher risk of COVID-19 death associated with systemic therapy in cancer may not apply to patients on ICIs. Assessment of COVID-19 severity in these patients can be complicated by the underlying cancer and its treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32534910/ doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.024 id: cord-280206-49qjyhrd author: Szczerbińska, Katarzyna title: Could we have done better with COVID-19 in nursing homes? date: 2020-07-16 words: 3212.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280206-49qjyhrd.txt summary: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed recommendations to keep COVID-19 from entering LTC facilities: everyday active screening residents for early detection, preventing spread of infection in the facility, and assuring optimized personal protective equipment (PPE) supply. Therefore, more effective procedures are needed to protect the residents from being exposed to the infection being brought into the institution by others: for example, regular testing of staff in advance, and a labour law assuring compensation when the worker is ill to avoid a person with symptoms coming to work. The Special Interest Group in Long-Term Care of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (SIG-LTC of EUGMS) advocates for implementing a minimum standard of care in the nursing homes, which includes an obligatory training in LTC for physicians, which might improve the quality of care for residents and their protection from infections like SARS-CoV-2 [11] . Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00362-7 doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00362-7 id: cord-344213-j3yextjl author: Sze, Shirley title: The need for improved discharge criteria for hospitalised patients with COVID-19—implications for patients in long term care facilities date: 2020-09-19 words: 1195.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344213-j3yextjl.txt summary: In the COVID-19 pandemic, patients who are older and residents of long term care facilities (LTCF) are at greatest risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reviewed discharge criteria for hospitalised COVID-19 patients from ten countries with the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases as of 26th July 2020. We recommend a unified, simpler discharge criteria, based on current studies which suggest that most SARS-CoV-2 loses its infectivity by 10 days post-symptom onset. This represents a practical compromise between unnecessarily prolonged admissions and returning highly infectious patients back to their care facilities, and is of particular importance in older patients discharged to LTCFs, residents of which may be at greatest risk of transmission and worse clinical outcomes.  Current evidence suggests that most patients are non-infective 10 days post symptom onset or after first positive PCR result COVID-19 is a global pandemic. abstract: In the COVID-19 pandemic, patients who are older and residents of long term care facilities (LTCF) are at greatest risk of worse clinical outcomes. We reviewed discharge criteria for hospitalised COVID-19 patients from ten countries with the highest incidence of COVID-19 cases as of 26th July 2020. Five countries (Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Chile and Iran) had no discharge criteria; the remaining five (United States of America, India, Russia, South Africa and the United Kingdom) had discharge guidelines with large inter-country variability. India and Russia recommend discharge for a clinically recovered patient with two negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests 24 hours apart; the USA offers either a symptom based strategy—clinical recovery and ten days after symptom onset, or the same test-based strategy. The UK suggests that patients can be discharged when patients have clinically recovered; South Africa recommends discharge 14 days after symptom onset if clinically stable. We recommend a unified, simpler discharge criteria, based on current studies which suggest that most SARS-CoV-2 loses its infectivity by 10 days post-symptom onset. In asymptomatic cases, this can be taken as 10 days after the first positive PCR result. Additional days of isolation beyond this should be left to the discretion of individual clinician. This represents a practical compromise between unnecessarily prolonged admissions and returning highly infectious patients back to their care facilities, and is of particular importance in older patients discharged to LTCFs, residents of which may be at greatest risk of transmission and worse clinical outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa206 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa206 id: cord-010585-hasoaa0k author: Szekely, Yishay title: Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient date: 2020-05-05 words: 1336.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010585-hasoaa0k.txt summary: 3 In particular, the magnitude of the proarrhythmic potential of these drugs, specifically related to their QT-prolongation effects, is questioned: On the one hand, the fact chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine block the I Kr potassium-channel at the myocyte level, therefore causing QT-prolongation, is well documented. 4 that we report a case of drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP) due to chloroquine therapy for COVID-19. The fact that our patient was receiving memantine, a drug rated as a medication with "possible risk for TdP" likely contributed to the proarrhythmic effects of chloroquine. Excessive QT prolongation, defined as prolongation to a QTc >500 msec, has already been reported for 11%-25% of COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin. Clinicians should monitor COVID-19 patients when treating them with chloroquine or other QT-prolonging drugs, with special attention to females, patients with structural heart disease, baseline QT interval on ECG, concomitant use of other QT-prolonging medications, potassium or magnesium abnormalities and bradycardia. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7198423/ doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.046 id: cord-252687-7084pfqm author: Szelenberger, Rafal title: Ischemic Stroke among the Symptoms Caused by the COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-19 words: 7334.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252687-7084pfqm.txt summary: Many clinical studies have shown an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypercoagulability diagnosed on the basis of abnormal coagulation parameters, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive protein level. In this review, the potential mechanism and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on the development of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients were carefully studied. study, in which most non-survivor COVID-19 patients'' (71.4%) blood tests showed prolonged prothrombin time and an increased D-dimer levels, which indicated the state after activation of the plasma coagulation system [14] . The accumulation of immune cells in the vascular wall in response to the viral infection, especially among patients with ischemic risk factors, induces endothelial dysfunction, migration and proliferation of cells, activation of coagulation cascade and production of fibrous plaques. abstract: The 2019 global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO recognized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Based on statistics from 10 August 2020, more than 20.2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported resulting in more than 738,000 deaths. This completely new coronavirus has spread worldwide in a short period, causing economic crises and healthcare system failures worldwide. Initially, it was thought that the main health threat was associated with respiratory system failures, but since then, SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to a broad spectrum of symptoms indicating neurological manifestations, including ischemic stroke. Current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and its complications is very limited because of its rapidly evolving character. However, further research is undoubtedly necessary to understand the causes of neurological abnormalities, including acute cerebrovascular disease. The viral infection is inextricably associated with the activation of the immune system and the release of pro-inflammatory factors, that can stimulate the host organism to defend itself. However, the body’s immune response is a double-edged sword that on one hand, destroys the virus but also disrupts the homeostasis leading to serious complications, including thrombosis. Numerous studies have linked coagulopathies with COVID-19, however, there is great uncertainty regarding it functions on the molecular level. In this review, a detailed insight into the biological processes associated with ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients and suggest a possible explanation for this phenomenon is provided. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32825182/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9092688 id: cord-262454-bccrvapy author: Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes title: Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-31 words: 4700.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt summary: With all that, we developed a protocol for early recognition and treatment of high-risk patients (in our population, age greater than 40 years because of generally poorer health standards, or with comorbidities) who would come to our outpatient network of emergency rooms with influenza-like symptoms: fever, cough, myalgia and headache, among others, and receive early treatment, provided to patients at the first doctor visit, using physician discretion from among HCQ, azithromycin, ivermectin, oseltamivir, zinc sulfate, nitazoxanide and prednisone (the last starting on day-6 of symptoms). On March 28, 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for remdesivir and HCQ for patients in both clinical trials and with severe hospitalized disease (31) . We found early outpatient use of HCQ and prednisone, both as individual prescriptions and used together, to lower the risk of hospitalization in symptomatic high-risk COVID-19 patients presenting for primary care at the emergency rooms of our large HMO in Brazil. abstract: BACKGROUND: For the past few months, HMOs have faced crowded emergency rooms and insufficient hospital and intensive-care-unit beds, all from the worst pandemic of this century, COVID-19. METHODS: In a large HMO in Brazil, our approach was to allow treating physicians to prescribe antiviral medications immediately at presentation, and prednisone starting on day-6 of symptoms to treat pulmonary inflammation. We implemented this COVID-19 protocol for outpatients and studied 717 consecutive SARS-CoV-2-positive patients age 40 years or older presenting at our emergency rooms. RESULTS: Use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), prednisone or both significantly reduced hospitalization risk by 50-60%. Ivermectin, azithromycin and oseltamivir did not substantially reduce risk further. Hospitalization risk was doubled for people with type-2 diabetes or obesity, increased by two-thirds for people with heart disease, and by 75% for each decade of age over age 40. Similar magnitudes of reduced risk with HCQ and prednisone use were seen for mortality risk, though were not significant because of only 11 deaths among the 717 patients. No cardiac arrhythmias requiring medication termination were observed for any of the medications. CONCLUSIONS: This work adds to the growing literature of studies that have found substantial benefit for use of HCQ combined with other agents in the early outpatient treatment of COVID-19, and adds the possibility of steroid use to enhance treatment efficacy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893920304026?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101906 id: cord-316370-t802kjpk author: Szperka, Christina L. title: Migraine Care in the Era of COVID‐19: Clinical Pearls and Plea to Insurers date: 2020-04-03 words: 4039.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316370-t802kjpk.txt summary: We will review the use of telehealth for patient communication, and review acute and preventive treatment strategies, with attention to concerns specific to COVID-19. 43 Preventive Therapies.-While the injection of on-abotulinumtoxinA is an effective treatment for chronic migraine, 44 the procedure can put the patient and the provider at higher risk of COVID-19 given the close contact encounter. During the current pandemic we, headache specialists, make a plea to insurers to lift cumbersome restrictions to allow patients greater availability of evidence-based treatment options to reduce the burden of their disease. Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial Efficacy and safety of galcanezumab for the prevention of episodic migraine: Results of the EVOLVE-2 Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial abstract: OBJECTIVE: To outline strategies for the treatment of migraine which do not require in‐person visits to clinic or the emergency department, and to describe ways that health insurance companies can remove barriers to quality care for migraine. BACKGROUND: COVID‐19 is a global pandemic causing widespread infections and death. To control the spread of infection we are called to observe “social distancing” and we have been asked to postpone any procedures which are not essential. Since procedural therapies are a mainstay of headache care, the inability to do procedures could negatively affect our patients with migraine. In this manuscript we review alternative therapies, with particular attention to those which may be contra‐indicated in the setting of COVID‐19 infection. DESIGN/RESULTS: The manuscript reviews the use of telemedicine visits and acute, bridge, and preventive therapies for migraine. We focus on evidence‐based treatment where possible, but also describe “real world” strategies which may be tried. In each section we call out areas where changes to rules from commercial health insurance companies would facilitate better migraine care. CONCLUSIONS: Our common goal as health care providers is to maximize the health and safety of our patients. Successful management of migraine with avoidance of in‐person clinic and emergency department visits further benefits the current urgent societal goal of maintaining social distance to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13810 doi: 10.1111/head.13810 id: cord-251581-8ubyveyt author: Szymkowiak, Andrzej title: In-store epidemic behavior: scale development and validation date: 2020-05-04 words: 6038.0 sentences: 297.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251581-8ubyveyt.txt summary: All identified factors significantly correlated with the in-store infection threat which reiterates the importance of providing information revealing the true scale of the pandemic and not leaving space for individuals to create subjective probability judgments. Nonetheless, one must also bear in mind that grocery stores are a place for possible transmission of many bacterial and viral pathogens (Bell et al., 2009; Dalton, New, & Health, 2006; Sinclair, Fahnestock, Feliz, Patel, & Perry, 2018) , causing consumers to undertake various behavioral changes in their approach to shopping. Based on the analysis of this limited quantity of research related to consumer behavioral changes in response to epidemics, it is clear that there is a gap in research on how the fear of contagion and not budgetary limitations can impact consumer willingness to shop at stationery stores. Moreover, the questionnaire was performed during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic which limits the possibility of comparing the results for in-shop behaviors with a time from before the epidemic. abstract: Epidemics of infectious diseases have accompanied humans for a long time and, depending on the scale, cause various undesirable social and economic consequences. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, governments of many countries impose restrictions to inhibit spreading of infection. Isolation and limiting interpersonal contacts are particularly recommended actions. Adhering to the rule of isolation may involve restrictions in freedom during daily activities, such as shopping. The aim of the study was to develop a scale of in-store pandemic behavior. The whole process involved 3 stages: qualitative inquiry, scale purification and scale validation, which were based on 3 studies: 1 qualitative (20 in-depth interviews) 2 two quantitative (373 and 584 respondents, respectively), and allowed to identify 8 factors. Following, a theoretical model was created to investigate the impact of in-store infection threat on identified variables. All identified factors significantly correlated with the in-store infection threat which reiterates the importance of providing information revealing the true scale of the pandemic and not leaving space for individuals to create subjective probability judgments. The developed scale can help counteract disinformation and assess consumer behavior compliance and understanding of the official recommendations imposed by governments, enabling more efficient educational efforts. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.02764v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-342216-xus2ckrc author: Sánchez-Duque, Jorge A. title: Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta date: 2020-04-17 words: 750.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342216-xus2ckrc.txt summary: title: Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina: Papel de la atención primaria en la preparación y respuesta Por ello, se debe optimizar el triage en las instituciones, e incluso implementar estrategias prehospitalarias como centros especializados que brinden información vía telefónica, los cuales, disminuyen el contacto físico, la propagación del virus y la saturación de los servicios de salud 1,3 . Las consecuencias de la no contención de estas epidemias se mide en vidas perdidas, lo cual es mucho más costoso, por lo que, se debe romper el ciclo de pánico y olvido, y comenzar a prepararnos para futuros brotes, especialmente fortaleciendo los servicios de atención primaria 2, 8 . Preparación y control de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en América Latina Lineamientos para la detección y manejo de casos de COVID-19 por los prestadores de servicios de salud en Colombia abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0212656720301177 doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.04.001 id: cord-288051-wp8v2mc5 author: Sánchez-González, Álvaro title: What Should Be Known by a Urologist About the Medical Management of COVID-19’s Patients? date: 2020-09-01 words: 3616.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288051-wp8v2mc5.txt summary: Seven days after the clinical onset, the risk of transmission decreases in mildsymptomatic patients, but it may be extended over 24 days in severe cases [11•, 15] . The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely, including asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract illness, severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure, and even death [9, 11•] (Fig. 1) . Corticosteroids are recommended in the treatment of septic shock, exacerbation of chronic obstructive respiratory disease and these COVID-19''s patients with respiratory deterioration and quick radiological progression associated with sings of cytokine storm (cytopenia, maintained fever, an increase of inflammatory reactants: D-dimer > 1000 ng/mL, ferritin > 1000 ng/mL, fibrinogen > 100 ng/mL, IL-6 > 40 pg/mL) [6, 23••] . Results from 237 patients, 158 assigned to remdesivir, showed no differences in time to clinical improvement, 28day mortality, oxygen support, hospitalization, or viral load. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The alarming number of confirmed COVID-19 cases put a strain on the healthcare systems, which had to reallocate human and technical resources to respond to the emergency. Many urologists became integrated into multidisciplinary teams, dealing with this respiratory illness and its unknown management. It aims to summarize the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostical, and therapeutical characteristics of COVID-19, from a practical perspective, to ease COVID-19 management to non-physician staff. RECENT FINDINGS: We performed a narrative review of the literature regarding COVID-19, updated to May 8th, 2020, at PubMed and COVID resource platforms of the main scientific editorials. COVID-19, characterized by fever, myalgias, dyspnea, and dry cough, varies widely from asymptomatic infection to death. Arrhythmias and thrombotic events are prevalent. Lymphopenia and inflammatory reactant elevation on laboratory, as well as bilateral and peripheral ground-glass opacities or consolidations on X-Ray, are usually found in its assessment. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 immunology. To date, no therapy has demonstrated efficacy in COVID-19. Of-level or compassionate-use therapies are prescribed in the context of clinical trials. We should become familiar with specific adverse events and pharmacological interactions. SUMMARY: The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed the urological activity, and its long-term consequences are unpredictable. Despite not being used to deal with respiratory diseases, the urologists become easily qualified to manage COVID-19 by following protocols and being integrated into multidisciplinary teams, helping to overcome the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32870407/ doi: 10.1007/s11934-020-00995-y id: cord-318970-aiqggh6h author: Sánchez-Raya, Judith title: Spinal cord injury and COVID-19: some thoughts after the first wave date: 2020-07-21 words: 1892.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318970-aiqggh6h.txt summary: Some years ago, the World Health Organization established as a priority the need to help health providers and governments to ensure that people with disability such as spinal cord injury (SCI) could always access the healthcare services in emergency situations [1] . However, the remaining two have survived to date: a 57-year-old male patient with no pathological history with a C2 AIS D cervical injury, severe oropharyngeal dysphagia who required enteral nutrition with a nasogastric tube and a 41-year-old male patient with acute traumatic SCI without comorbidities and a T5 AIS B neurological level who developed acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumonia and presented a favorable evolution with the appropriate treatment that included support measures with administration of high concentrations of oxygen and assisted coughing techniques. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major challenge for people with SCI and for the specialized units that care for them. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32694749/ doi: 10.1038/s41393-020-0524-5 id: cord-024002-ag5by3k2 author: Sánchez-Recalde, Ángel title: COVID-19 y shock cardiogénico: diferentes formas de presentación cardiovascular con alta mortalidad date: 2020-04-27 words: 1341.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024002-ag5by3k2.txt summary: De los 7 pacientes positivos para COVID-19, 2 fueron dados de alta, 1 falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria secundaria a neumonía grave y 4 entraron en shock cardiogénico inmediatamente tras su llegada al hospital; de estos, fallecieron 3, lo que significa una mortalidad del 75% en el contexto del shock cardiogénico. Se realizó un cateterismo cardiaco urgente, que mostró arterias coronarias sin lesiones y disfunción ventricular izquierda grave con alteraciones de la contractilidad compatibles con miocardiopatía de estrés (tako-tsubo invertido) con acinesia de los segmentos basales y medios e hipercontractilidad del ápex (figuras 1C y D). Se observó elevación de troponina I y, por los antecedentes, se realizó angiotomografía urgente de arterias pulmonares, que mostró tromboembolia pulmonar bilateral con dilatación ventricular derecha, además de opacidades periféricas parcheadas compatibles con neumonía por SARS-Cov-2, que se confirmó en la PCR (figuras 1G y H). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7184000/ doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.04.012 id: cord-332118-jg80szw7 author: Sánchez-Sánchez, Eduardo title: Eating Habits and Physical Activity of the Spanish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period date: 2020-09-15 words: 4368.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332118-jg80szw7.txt summary: The objective of our study is to learn the dietary patterns, consumption, and physical activity of the Spanish population before and during the period of confinement by COVID-19. Subsequently, and using the McNemar test, it was studied whether there were significant differences between gender and diet adherence, as well as the answers to each questionnaire item and the adherence to the MD during each period (before and after the confinement), accepting a confidence level of 95%. These habits have gained a special relevance during the period of confinement caused by COVID-19, as the alteration of the diet and physical activity can yield diseases like obesity, diabetes; which are risk mortality factors in patients with COVID-19 [13] . Our outcomes were higher than those reported by other studies, regarding the number of subjects that practiced physical activity during confinement (70.6% versus 59.6%) [18] . abstract: Due to the pandemic situation caused by the COVID-19 infection, some governments have implemented house confinement measures. The objective of our study is to learn the dietary patterns, consumption, and physical activity of the Spanish population before and during the period of confinement by COVID-19. A cross-sectional descriptive study based on a questionnaire during May 2020, coinciding with the period of confinement and the step forward into Phase 1, is carried out. During confinement, the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet increases (8.0% versus 4.7%; p < 0.001). No socio-demographic variables show statistical significance (p < 0.05) regarding good adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) before and during confinement. During confinement, consumption of homemade baking shows a higher increase (0.28% versus 4.60%; p = 0.004). During confinement, the number of subjects that practice exercise decreases (29.4% versus 28.8%; p = 0.004), as well as the time spent exercising (more than an hour, 26.6% versus 14.7%, p = 0.001). Mediterranean Diet adherence slightly increases during confinement, although consumption of ‘unhealthy’ food also increases. Moreover, the number of subjects that practice physical activity, as well as the time spent on it weekly, decreases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942695/ doi: 10.3390/nu12092826 id: cord-346184-jp3hfbrq author: TALEB, S. M. title: The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors date: 2020-08-20 words: 2450.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346184-jp3hfbrq.txt summary: title: The first thousands of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria: some risk factors Due to these gaps in the information published by several national and world organizations, we will present in this study the first prevalence''s of COVID-19 according to some risk factors in Algeria. This descriptive study was conducted to review key information from the epidemiological bulletins of the Ministry of Population Health and Hospital Reform (MSPRH) and reports from the World Health Organization (WHO). We report in this study early data on the prevalence of COVID-19 in Algeria and in the world using the data available on the website of the Ministry of Population Health and Hospital All rights reserved. 17.20176396 doi: medRxiv preprint Reform of Algeria as well as the data of the first reports published by the World Health Organization on COVID-19. abstract: Objectives: Providing valuable information on the prevalence of Covid-19 is a crucial step to improve and accentuate the disease surveillance and prevention system as this can limit the spread of the virus. Methods: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is essential to understand the epidemiological characteristics of the first cases in each country. The purpose of this study is to describe the geographic distribution and some risk factors in the first thousands of cases in Algeria. This descriptive study was carried out to examine recent data published by public health institutions in Algeria, websites and the world health organization. Results: The 8306 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in Algeria. By sex, men with 55.76% predominate, the most affected age group was 25 to 49 years old (41.1%), 600 cases of death were reported, subjects aged over 60 years are the most likely to die from COVID-19. Most of the confirmed subjects came from the cities of Blida and Algiers. All cases are human-to-human transmissions. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of dical equipment in Algeria and in all countries of the world. This requires better management of the health sector on an international scale. Keywords: COVD-19; Confirmed cases; Epidemiology; Algeria. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.17.20176396v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.17.20176396 id: cord-025556-oyfx3ij5 author: THUNSTRÖM, LINDA title: Testing for COVID-19: willful ignorance or selfless behavior? date: 2020-05-08 words: 6776.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025556-oyfx3ij5.txt summary: Furthermore, willful ignorance often arises when selfish wants conflict with social benefits, which might be particularly likely for potential ''super-spreaders'' – people with many social interactions – given people who test positive are urged to self-isolate for two weeks. Furthermore, we expect those at the lowest risk of losing out financially (e.g., risk to labor income or health care costs) or emotionally from self-isolating (i.e., if they are introverts who attach a low value to social interactions) to be the most willing to get tested for COVID-19. We therefore conclude that the positive effect of being an extrovert on willingness to test for COVID-19 is likely due to social health benefits weighing more heavily in their decision than their private costs from potential self-isolation for 14 days, should the test come back positive. abstract: Widespread testing is key to controlling the spread of COVID-19. But should we worry about self-selection bias in the testing? The recent literature on willful ignorance says we should – people often avoid health information. In the context of COVID-19, such willful ignorance can bias testing data. Furthermore, willful ignorance often arises when selfish wants conflict with social benefits, which might be particularly likely for potential ‘super-spreaders’ – people with many social interactions – given people who test positive are urged to self-isolate for two weeks. We design a survey in which participants (n = 897) choose whether to take a costless COVID-19 test. We find that 70% would take a test. Surprisingly, the people most likely to widely spread COVID-19 – the extraverts, others who meet more people in their daily lives and younger people – are the most willing to take a test. People's ability to financially or emotionally sustain self-isolation does not matter to their decision. We conclude that people are selfless in their decision to test for COVID-19. Our results are encouraging – they imply that COVOD-19 testing may succeed in targeting those who generate the largest social benefits from self-isolation if infected, which strengthens the case for widespread testing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256418/ doi: 10.1017/bpp.2020.15 id: cord-308155-696bhy9v author: TRECARICHI, E. M. title: Characteristics, outcome and predictors of in-hospital mortality in an elderly population from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility. date: 2020-07-02 words: 2978.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308155-696bhy9v.txt summary: We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess clinical characteristics and baseline predictors of mortality of COVID-19 patients hospitalized after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a LTCF. Our study shows a high in-hospital mortality rate in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19 and hypernatremia, lymphopenia, CVD other than hypertension, and higher IL-6 serum levels were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Herein, we report clinical characteristics, outcome (inhospital mortality), and prognostic factors in a cohort of 50 patients as part of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian LTCF. In the present study, clinical characteristics and outcome of a cohort of 50 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were transferred from a LTCF to the Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit of "Mater Domini" Teaching Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy are described. To the best of our knowledge, the present is the first study investigating clinical characteristics, mortality and prognostic factors of a complete cohort of patients during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a LTCF. abstract: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread from China all over the world, many COVID-19 outbreaks have been reported in long-term care facilities (LCTF). However, data on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in such settings are scarce. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study to assess clinical characteristics and baseline predictors of mortality of COVID-19 patients hospitalized after an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a LTCF. A total of 50 patients were included. Mean age was 80 years (SD, 12 years), and 24/50 (57.1%) patients were males. A total of 42/50 (84%) patients experienced symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 32%. In Cox regression, significant predictors of in-hospital mortality were: hypernatremia (HR 9.12), lymphocyte count <1000 cells/L (HR 7.45), cardiovascular diseases other than hypertension (HR 6.41), and higher levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) (HR 1.005). Our study shows a high in-hospital mortality rate in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19 and hypernatremia, lymphopenia, CVD other than hypertension, and higher IL-6 serum levels were identified as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Further studies are necessary to better understand and confirm our findings in the setting of a LTCF outbreak of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.30.20143701 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143701 id: cord-280528-7ivw72l0 author: TUFAN, Abdurrahman title: COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs date: 2020-04-21 words: 7053.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt summary: In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm. The effective antiviral responses of the host innate and adaptive immunity, including the production of various proinflammatory cytokines, the activation of T cells, CD4 and CD8+ T cells, are essential for controlling the viral replication, limiting the spread of virus, inflammation and cleaning the infected cells [31, 32] . Few retrospective studies have revealed that the lung injury reported with Murray score is strongly associated with the level of IL-1α, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-ɣ, inducible interferon protein (IP)-10, G-CSF, and MCP-3 and these cytokines and chemokines excluding MCP-3 are positively related to SARS-CoV-2 viral load 2 [7] . abstract: In the Wuhan Province of China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract leading to an acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a pandemic which is considered a life-threatening disease. The SARS-CoV-2, a family member of betacoronaviruses, possesses single-stranded positive-sense RNA with typical structural proteins, involving the envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid and spike proteins that are responsible for the viral infectivity, and nonstructural proteins. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines “cytokine storm” leading to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regretfully, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for the severe COVID-19, is still uncertain. The results of preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune-suppressive treatments such as hydroxychloroquine, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly used in rheumatology, might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299202/ doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-168 id: cord-284640-tl9nmvog author: Tabah, Alexis title: Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey date: 2020-06-13 words: 3271.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284640-tl9nmvog.txt summary: PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). While pain, heat stress and fluid loss with using Powered Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR) were predicted by experimental data (14) , there are no real-life reports of this issue when using PPE that is available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to describe the current reported practices, availability, training, confidence in the use and adverse effects due to extended use of PPE by HCWs from around the world caring for COVID-19 patients who require ICU management. This survey provides a snapshot of the reported availability, perceived adequacy of training and provided protection, adverse effects and usage of PPE among HCW managing COVID-19 patients in critical care environments from across the globe. abstract: PURPOSE: To survey healthcare workers (HCW) on availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) caring for COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHOD: A web-based survey distributed worldwide in April 2020. RESULTS: We received 2711 responses from 1797 (67%) physicians, 744 (27%) nurses, and 170 (6%) Allied HCW. For routine care, most (1557, 58%) reportedly used FFP2/N95 masks, waterproof long sleeve gowns (1623; 67%), and face shields/visors (1574; 62%). Powered Air-Purifying Respirators were used routinely and for intubation only by 184 (7%) and 254 (13%) respondents, respectively. Surgical masks were used for routine care by 289 (15%) and 47 (2%) for intubations. At least one piece of standard PPE was unavailable for 1402 (52%), and 817 (30%) reported reusing single-use PPE. PPE was worn for a median of 4 h (IQR 2, 5). Adverse effects of PPE were associated with longer shift durations and included heat (1266, 51%), thirst (1174, 47%), pressure areas (1088, 44%), headaches (696, 28%), Inability to use the bathroom (661, 27%) and extreme exhaustion (492, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: HCWs reported widespread shortages, frequent reuse of, and adverse effects related to PPE. Urgent action by healthcare administrators, policymakers, governments and industry is warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32570052/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005 id: cord-033778-u2r0neyc author: Taban, EM title: Observational study of therapeutic bronchoscopy in critical hypoxaemic ventilated patients with COVID-19 at Mediclinic Midstream Private Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa date: 2020-10-13 words: 2577.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033778-u2r0neyc.txt summary: Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has been used for years as a diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct for the diagnosis of potential airway obstruction as a cause of acute respiratory failure or in the management of hypoxaemia ventilated patients. To evaluate the use of FFB as a rescue therapy in mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who have persistent hypoxaemia despite the resolution of inflammatory parameters may respond to FFB with removal of mucus plugs. These patients had severe COVID-19 pneumonia with the following characteristics: severe refractory hypoxaemia despite maximal mechanical ventilatory support, including proning and significant deterioration from previous minimal ventilator settings. We have demonstrated that some patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and persistent hypoxaemia despite resolution of inflammatory parameters may respond to FFB following removal of mucus plugs. abstract: Background. Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has been used for years as a diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct for the diagnosis of potential airway obstruction as a cause of acute respiratory failure or in the management of hypoxaemia ventilated patients. In these circumstances, it is useful to evaluate airway patency or airway damage and for the management of atelectasis. Objectives. To evaluate the use of FFB as a rescue therapy in mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure caused by COVID-19. Methods. We enrolled 14 patients with severe and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted at Mediclinic Midstream Private Hospital intensive care unit in Pretoria, South Africa, in July 2020. Results. FFB demonstrated the presence of extensive mucus plugging in 64% (n=9/14) of patients after an average of 7.7 days of mechanical ventilation. Oxygenation improved significantly in these patients following FFB despite profound procedural hypoxaemia. Conclusions. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who have persistent hypoxaemia despite the resolution of inflammatory parameters may respond to FFB with removal of mucus plugs. We propose consideration of an additional pathophysiological acute phenotype of respiratory failure, the mucus type (M-type). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7560156/ doi: 10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i4.119 id: cord-288139-nq85fqux author: Tabish, Hilary B. title: Back to the basics: Hand washing is public health 101 and it works to slow down the spread of viruses date: 2020-09-03 words: 1325.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288139-nq85fqux.txt summary: • Despite the advice of normative health institutions such as the CDC and WHO on the importance of handwashing to slow the spread of viruses, in the U.S. there is an almost exclusive focus on social distancing, mask wearing and disinfecting the environment. Highlights Despite the advice of normative health institutions such as the CDC and WHO on the importance of handwashing to slow the spread of viruses, in the U.S. there is an almost exclusive focus on social distancing, mask wearing and disinfecting the environment. Although this novel virus requires innovation in balancing control measures to maximize safety while protecting livelihoods, there is tremendous value in relying on proven strategies and ''getting back to public health basics,'' such as hand washing. Although this novel virus requires innovation in balancing control measures to maximize safety while protecting livelihoods, there is tremendous value in relying on proven strategies and ''getting back to public health basics,'' such as hand washing. abstract: • Despite the advice of normative health institutions such as the CDC and WHO on the importance of handwashing to slow the spread of viruses, in the U.S. there is an almost exclusive focus on social distancing, mask wearing and disinfecting the environment. • A central component to reopening safely should be requiring hand sanitizing upon entering an establishment. Washing hands should become as automatic as wearing a seatbelt, bike helmet or refraining from smoking in public, all of which are simple and cost-effective ways to prevent injury and disease. • Although this novel virus requires innovation in balancing control measures to maximize safety while protecting livelihoods, there is tremendous value in relying on proven strategies and `getting back to public health basics,’ such as hand washing. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2020.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.08.001 id: cord-263572-h7ya60k5 author: Taboada, Manuel title: Supine versus Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Comment date: 2020-08-17 words: 360.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263572-h7ya60k5.txt summary: To the Editor: P rone positioning is a simple method to improve oxygenation in ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 1 ) from a computed tomography performed in a 71-yr-old woman with ARDS from COVID-19 in both supine and prone positioning during awake spontaneous ventilation. Bilateral, multifocal, and asymmetric lung disease was present in the supine computed tomography, with a "crazy paving" pattern (ground-glass opacities associated with smooth interlobular thickening) in the upper lobes, and peripheral, heterogeneous, and ill-defined consolidations in the lower lobes. These findings support the hypothesis of functional lung tissue recruitment in the prone position in awake patients with ARDS by COVID-19. PROSEVA Study Group: Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A pathophysiology-based review Use of prone positioning in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 and hypoxemic acute respiratory failure abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003511 doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003511 id: cord-280331-iu2e14jo author: Taboe, Hémaho B. title: Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West-Africa date: 2020-07-29 words: 6962.0 sentences: 345.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt summary: Considering currently applied health control measures, numerical simulations of the model using baseline parameter values estimated from West-African COVID-19 data project a 67% reduction in the daily number of cases when the epidemic attains its peak. We conclude that curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic burden significantly in West-Africa requires more control measures than those that have already been implemented, as well as more mass testing and contact tracing in order to identify and isolate asymptomatic individuals early. Heat maps were plotted to investigate the individual and combined effects of pairs of control measures such as contact tracing, isolation, and using control measures that lead to a reduction in disease transmission, e.g., lockdowns, social and physical distancing, mask use, etc., on COVID-19 in West-Africa (Fig. 4) . abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is causing devastating demographic, social, and economic damage globally. Understanding current patterns of the pandemic spread and forecasting its long-term trajectory is essential in guiding policies aimed at curtailing the pandemic. This is particularly important in regions with weak economies and fragile health care systems such as West-Africa. We formulate and use a deterministic compartmental model to (i) assess the current patterns of COVID-19 spread in West-Africa, (ii) evaluate the impact of currently implemented control measures, and (iii) predict the future course of the pandemic with and without currently implemented and additional control measures in West-Africa. An analytical expression for the threshold level of control measures (involving a reduction in the effective contact rate) required to curtail the pandemic is computed. Considering currently applied health control measures, numerical simulations of the model using baseline parameter values estimated from West-African COVID-19 data project a 67% reduction in the daily number of cases when the epidemic attains its peak. More reduction in the number of cases will be achieved if additional public health control measures that result in a reduction in the effective contact rate are implemented. We found out that disease elimination is difficult when more asymptomatic individuals contribute in transmission or are not identified and isolated in a timely manner. However, maintaining a baseline level of asymptomatic isolation and a low transmission rate will lead to a significant reduction in the number of daily cases when the pandemic peaks. For example, at the baseline level of asymptomatic isolation, at least a 46% reduction in the transmission rate is required for disease elimination. Additionally, disease elimination is possible if asymptomatic individuals are identified and isolated within 5 days (after the incubation period). Combining two or more measures is better for disease control, e.g., if asymptomatic cases are contact traced or identified and isolated in less than 8 days, only about 29% reduction in the disease transmission rate is required for disease elimination. Furthermore, we showed that the currently implemented measures triggered a 33% reduction in the time-dependent effective reproduction number between February 28 and June 26, 2020. We conclude that curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic burden significantly in West-Africa requires more control measures than those that have already been implemented, as well as more mass testing and contact tracing in order to identify and isolate asymptomatic individuals early. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32738248/ doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108431 id: cord-263267-oj7rmy8m author: Taccone, Fabio S title: Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base date: 2020-04-15 words: 1152.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263267-oj7rmy8m.txt summary: Early results from clinical studies conducted in China suggest that chloroquine use might have been associated with reduced fever, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and delayed disease progression. 6,7 Results of two French studies suggested that hydroxychloroquine could reduce the viral load in patients with COVID-19in particular, if combined with azithromycin 8,9 (table) . 12 In a second Chinese trial in 62 patients, Zhaowei Chen and colleagues showed that hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a shorter time to clinical recovery (temperature and cough) than placebo; 13 the participants had mild disease (SaO 2 /SpO 2 >93% or PaO 2 /FiO 2 >300) and it is not possible to extrapolate these results to critically ill patients. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213260020301727 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30172-7 id: cord-254782-fzuasf2o author: Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-14 words: 1399.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt summary: title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 Nurses'' infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the knowledge, attitude, 68 practice, and psychological response towards the COVID-19 outbreak. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among health care 260 workers in Henan abstract: Background Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is not only a deadly outbreak disease but also affects the mental status of the population, including nurses. Nurses play a vital role in dealing with COVID-19 victims. Nurses’ infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected from March to April 2020. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.2 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Results A total of 415 nurses participated in this study, resulting in a 100% response rate. Of the participants, 241 (58.1%) were female. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072339/ doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100787 id: cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author: Tadesse, Trhas title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-22 words: 5279.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt summary: title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice among Higher Education employees in Addis Ababa Ethiopia using a Health Belief Model. A multicentered cross-sectional study design was used to assess predictors of COVID-19 prevention practices using a Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. The questionnaire was used to gather employees'' demographic data, knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention, Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action self-efficacy), and practice of COVID-19 prevention. abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethiopia has taken strict preventive measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, to protect citizens, and ensure their wellbeing. Employee’s adherence to preventive measures is influenced by their knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: Multicentre cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 628 employees selected by systematic sampling method were included in this study. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Summary statistics of a given data for each variable were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the association between the outcome and the predictor variable. Statistical significance was declared at p-value<0.05. Direction and strength of association were expressed using OR and 95% CI. RESULTS: From a total of 628 respondents, 432 (68.8%) of them had poor COVID-19 prevention practice. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Employees with a low level of perceived barriers were less likely to have a poor practice of COVID-19 prevention compared to employees with a high level of perceived barrier [AOR = 0.03, 95% CI (0.01,0.05)]. Similarly, employees with low cues to action and employees with a low level of self-efficacy were practiced COVID prevention measures to a lesser extent compared those with high cues to action and high level of self-efficacy [AOR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.026,0.10)] and [AOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.04,0.14)], respectively. CONCLUSION: The proportion of employees with poor COVID-19 prevention was high. Income, perceived barrier, cues to action, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33122922/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s275933 id: cord-264538-hzb2fkj5 author: Tadic, Marijana title: COVID‐19 and arterial hypertension: Hypothesis or evidence? date: 2020-07-06 words: 2011.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264538-hzb2fkj5.txt summary: Even though these data demonstrated that the prevalence of hypertension in COVID-19 patients with lethal outcome was high, [7] [8] [9] [10] 14, 17 it has still been debated whether hypertension was a predictor of mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors (age, obesity, diabetes) and comorbidities (coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, renal impairment). Yang et al included 46,248 COVID-19 patients from 8 studies and reported that the most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory system disease. The large meta-analysis that included 76,993 patients with COVID-19 found that the pooled prevalence of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, smoking history, and diabetes was 16.37%, 12.11%, 7.63%, and 7.87%, respectively 19 (Table 1 ). Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: Investigations reported that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent comorbidities among the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Hypertension appeared consistently as the most prevalent risk factors in COVID‐19 patients. Some investigations speculated about the association between renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and susceptibility to COVID‐19, as well as the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and increased mortality in these patients. This raised concern about the potential association between hypertension (and its treatment) and propensity for COVID‐19. There are only a few follow‐up studies that investigated the impact of comorbidities on outcome in these patients with conflicting findings. Hypertension has been proven to be more prevalent in patients with an adverse outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death). So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of hypertension on mortality in COVID‐19 patients. There are many speculations about this coronavirus and its relation with different risk factors and underlying diseases. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between hypertension and COVID‐19 and the role of hypertension on outcome in these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32627330/ doi: 10.1111/jch.13925 id: cord-271220-sntawlnf author: Tadic, Marijana title: COVID‐19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence? date: 2020-05-29 words: 2431.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271220-sntawlnf.txt summary: Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID‐19 patients. Even though the number of studies with follow-up is rather limited, these data are suggesting that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are underlying conditions associated with adverse outcome-admission in intensive care unit, mechanic ventilation, and death [6] [7] [8] [9] 13, 18 (Table 3) . In one of the largest study published (n = 1099) so far, diabetes was present in 7.4% of COVID-19 patients and it was significantly more prevalent in patients with severe form of disease and those who experienced primary outcome end point (admission to an intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death). In meta-analysis that included 1558 patients with COVID-19, it was found that diabetes, as well as hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, was associated with exacerbation and admission to intensive care unit. abstract: The pandemic of COVID‐19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID‐19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID‐19 patients. There is only limited amount of data regarding follow‐up of these patients, and they provided conflicting results. The main limitation is a small number of participants and particularly those who experienced primary composite outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death). Additionally, the limited number of patients was essential obstacle for performing analysis that would include many confounding factors such as advanced age, smoking status, and obesity and potentially change conclusion. So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of diabetes on mortality in COVID‐19 patients, but there are many speculations about the association between diabetes and susceptibility to novel coronavirus, as well as its impact on progression and prognosis of COVID‐19. The aim of this review article was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and COVID‐19 and its role in outcome in these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13912 doi: 10.1111/jch.13912 id: cord-254411-e9vvjv8w author: Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farzad title: The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis date: 2020-04-22 words: 1878.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254411-e9vvjv8w.txt summary: In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent and fight off COVID-19. In this article, we aim to provide a new hypothesis to describe how the repletion of cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can promote immunity against COVID-19. Secondly, ATP-depletion can potentially prone the recruited immune cells to earlier exhaustion against COVID-19. Therefore, one may conclude that ATP-repletion can prevent the so-called "cytokine storm" and improve the cellular energy to better counteract with COVID-19. From the perspective of cellular energy, this process potentially occurs through IFN-mediated T-cell activation that results in c-ATP depletion. have shown that following IFN-γ stimulation, mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion occurs in T-cells that results in apoptosis (10) . It demonstrates how an increase in c-ATP can decrease the effect of COVID-19 on immune dysregulation. abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Since December 2019, the world has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but the factors affecting the immune system against COVID-19 have not been well described. In this article, we provide a novel hypothesis to describe how an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) can potentially improve the efficiency of innate and adaptive immune systems to either prevent and fight off COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0306987720304874 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109762 id: cord-343712-gn7fw891 author: Taglauer, Elizabeth title: Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads date: 2020-08-25 words: 1497.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343712-gn7fw891.txt summary: title: Consistent localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and ACE2 over TMPRSS2 predominance in placental villi of 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads Parenchymal changes of placentas from COVID-19 infected mothers have been reported by several groups, but the localization and relative abundance of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and cellular entry machinery has not been fully characterized within larger placental tissue cohorts. Overall this study provides an important basis for the ongoing evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 physiology in pregnancy and highlights the importance of the placenta as a key source of primary human tissue for ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic research efforts to reduce the global burden of COVID-19. While ACE2 was consistently found in the sTB layer of all tissues 148 surveyed (COVID-19 Maternal and controls), TMPRSS2 expression was absent in both groups of 149 placentas (Fig. 3 A,B) . Vertical transmission of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 RNA on the fetal side of 301 the placenta in pregnancies with COVID-19 positive mothers and neonates at birth abstract: INTRODUCTION: While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant global health impact, rates of maternal to infant vertical transmission remain low (<5%). Parenchymal changes of placentas from COVID-19 infected mothers have been reported by several groups, but the localization and relative abundance of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and cellular entry machinery has not been fully characterized within larger placental tissue cohorts. METHODS: An extended placental tissue cohort including samples from 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads (with n = 5 cases with evidence of fetal transmission) in comparison with 10 contemporary COVID-19 negative controls. Using comparative immunofluorescence, we examined the localization and relative tissue abundance of SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein (CoV2 SP) along with the co-localization of two SARS-CoV2 viral entry proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: CoV2 SP was present within the villous placenta in COVID-19 positive pregnancies with and without evidence of fetal transmission. We further identified the predominance of ACE2 expression in comparison with TMPRSS2. Importantly, both CoV2 SP and ACE2 expression consistently localized primarily within the outer syncytiotrophoblast layer placental villi, a key physiologic interface between mother and fetus. Overall this study provides an important basis for the ongoing evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 physiology in pregnancy and highlights the importance of the placenta as a key source of primary human tissue for ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic research efforts to reduce the global burden of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.015 doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.015 id: cord-348121-c7jq240j author: Tagliabue, Fabio title: The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-01 words: 1513.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348121-c7jq240j.txt summary: In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. Initial, and overly optimistic medical statements that judged the epidemic as a simple influenza lowered social attention on the COVID-19 pandemic and instilled in some people conspiracy or denial ideas supported by statements by some doctors and non-medical professionals who said, "it''s just a flu." [3] The poor perception of the risks related to COVID-19 infection also manifested itself despite the exponential growth of infections and deaths. Misinformation and fake news contributed to the onset of PTSD and headline stress disorder cases [2] . The historical importance of the COVID-19 pandemic is such that, also in the future, COVID-19-related news will be published cyclically in the mass media and on social networks. Methanol mass poisoning outbreak: a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic and misleading messages on social media abstract: In recent years, mass media and social networks have played an important role in disseminating information regarding public health. During the COVID-19 epidemic, misinformation and fake news have represented an important issue generating confusion and insecurity among the population. In our analysis, we investigate the role of mass media as a critical element during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak that has influenced the public perception of risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 id: cord-300995-tqz2bkdo author: Tagliaferri, Luca title: Skin cancer triage and management during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-25 words: 1411.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300995-tqz2bkdo.txt summary: The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1], with over 1 million patients affected by COVID‐19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [1]. The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1] , with over 1 million patients affected by COVID-19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [2] . All rights reserved We therefore propose that the oncological risk and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be considered and balanced in order to provide a weighted and controlled strategy to advanced skin cancer patients. A useful approach, as already suggested by other authors, is to identify the different classes of priorities, both for the patients and for health professionals [5, 6] .Only a few national and international societies have released specific recommendations for skin cancer patients [7] . abstract: The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1], with over 1 million patients affected by COVID‐19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [1]. In this context, the aim of the ideal management of cancer patients is to achieve the best possible balance between the two different issues to be considered, which include the risk of cancer progression and the risk of infectious disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16529 doi: 10.1111/jdv.16529 id: cord-287497-93oiiqqi author: Tagliamento, Marco title: Italian survey on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology during COVID‐19 outbreak date: 2020-06-14 words: 3228.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287497-93oiiqqi.txt summary: The objectives of this survey were to examine the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the perception of Italian physicians involved in the administration of ICIs about SARS-CoV-2 related risks in cancer patients receiving these therapies, and their attitudes towards the management of ICIs in oncology. The perception of respondents regarding the potential increased risk of severe events related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients treated with ICIs is displayed in Figure 1B . 17 Moreover, besides the overlapping between cancer-related signs/symptoms or side effects of oncological treatments (including irAEs) and COVID-19 manifestations, additional issues could emerge from the differential diagnosis between radiological findings of lung involvement from SARS-CoV-2 and pneumonitis induced by ICIs. 9, 24 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the perception of physicians towards these unsolved issues, and whether the outbreak has modified the clinical practice in managing the treatment with ICIs in oncology. abstract: BACKGROUND: During COVID‐19 outbreak, oncological care has been reorganized. Cancer patients have been reported to experience a more severe COVID‐19 syndrome; moreover, there are concerns of an interference between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 6 and 16, 2020, a 22‐item survey was sent to Italian physicians involved in administering ICIs. It aimed to explore the perception about SARS‐CoV‐2 related risks in cancer patients receiving ICIs, and the attitudes towards their management. RESULTS: The 104 respondents had a median age of 35.5 years, 58.7% were females and 71.2% worked in Northern Italy. 47.1% of respondents argued a synergism between ICIs and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis leading to worse outcomes, but 97.1% would not deny an ICI only for the risk of infection. During COVID‐19 outbreak, to reduce hospital visits, 55.8% and 30.8% opted for the highest labeled dose of each ICI (55.8%) and/or, among different ICIs for the same indication, for the one with the longer interval between cycles, respectively. 53.8% of respondents suggested testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 every cancer patient candidate to ICIs. 71.2% declared to manage patients with onset of dyspnea and cough as SARS‐CoV‐2 infected until otherwise proven; however, 96.2% did not reduce the use of steroids to manage immune‐related toxicities. The administration of ICIs in specific situations for different cancer types has not been drastically conditioned. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the confusion around the perception of a potential interference between ICIs and COVID‐19, supporting the need of focused studies on this topic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13315 doi: 10.1111/eci.13315 id: cord-332967-fo12lbvs author: Taher, Ali T. title: Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations date: 2020-05-21 words: 1368.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332967-fo12lbvs.txt summary: general population, patients with hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia are expected to be more severely affected by COVID-19 due to their preexisting chronic morbidities. Patients had a history of respiratory complications, such as acute chest syndrome (ACS), asthma, or pulmonary embolism, which may be potential risk factors for progressive COVID-19 pulmonary disease in patients with SCD. 2, 6 In areas where severe blood shortages are expected due to the pandemic, a low dose of hydroxyurea is recommended in all pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia, who receive regular blood transfusion therapy for primary or secondary stroke prevention. 7 Noteworthy, a treatment with one single dose of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) was successfully used to treat an adult SCD patient with pneumonia; it was related to COVID-19 infection associated with ACS. COVID-19 infection in patients with sickle cell disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32394480/ doi: 10.1002/ajh.25857 id: cord-273614-qmp2tqtb author: Tahir, Faryal title: Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review date: 2020-05-08 words: 7164.0 sentences: 413.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273614-qmp2tqtb.txt summary: However, multiple studies that highlight the clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. The study concluded that severe respiratory illness with 2019n-CoV infection with deteriorating complications was associated with ICU admission and a higher mortality rate [24] . This study concluded that patients with very severe COVID-19 have a higher percentage of increased cTnI levels and their mortality rate can be improved by protecting them from myocardial injury [40] . The study concluded that cardiac injury is a prevalent condition among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, and it is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality [41] . Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study (Epub ahead of print) Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (Epub ahead of print) abstract: Since its origin in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a pandemic and spread to 209 countries. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very rapidly emerging disease, organ-specific studies related to it have been reported. Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 seems to be a result of an inflammatory storm in response to the infection. Moreover, direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, as well as a myocardial injury due to oxidative stress, may account for acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Nevertheless, the mechanism of heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet. However, multiple studies that highlight the clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. In this review, we have summarized the findings of all those studies as well as the clinical features and management of cardiac injury discussed by some case reports. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528760/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8021 id: cord-280050-fktc778q author: Tahir, Shumaila title: Epidemiological and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from East Karachi, Pakistan date: 2020-06-17 words: 3423.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280050-fktc778q.txt summary: Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 412 patients who were residents of East Karachi and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between February 26 to April 24, 2020. The primary aim of this retrospective observational study was to report the epidemiological features and statistics of individuals infected with COVID-19 from February 26 to April 24 from East Karachi, Pakistan, and contribute towards an accurate collection of figures from the country. The suspected or confirmed cases were clinically classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, and critical, according to the National Institute of Health, Pakistan guidelines and are defined below in Table 1 [9]. Candidates with fever, symptoms of lower respiratory illness, and a travel history to Wuhan, China or other countries with uncontrolled COVID-19 cases or who have been in contact with an individual suspected of COVID-19 or with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the preceding 14 days should be isolated and tested for the infection promptly [19] . abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to almost every country on the globe, and each country is reporting the symptomatic presentation of their patients to give better insight into the various clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2. However, the epidemiological literature from Pakistan is scanty. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 412 patients who were residents of East Karachi and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between February 26 to April 24, 2020. Patients' demographics, symptoms, travel and contact history, and outcomes were recorded. All statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results Most of the patients were male (64.6%), the majority (43.3%) belonging to the 21- to 40-year age group. Most of the patients (65.5%) were residents of Gulshan Iqbal. A total of 15.8% of the patients were admitted to the hospital, and 3.9% of patients expired. The three most common presenting symptoms were fever (74.8%), cough (60.4%), and flu (35.5%). The majority of patients (89.3%) gave a history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 patients. Conclusion The number of SARS-CoV-2 cases is rapidly increasing in Karachi, Pakistan. There is a need to educate the population about the most common sign and symptoms of the virus so that individuals can identify these symptoms and get themselves tested. The concerned authorities should devise an adequate and effective plan to flatten the infectivity curve. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32699679/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8679 id: cord-327148-dzozl70h author: Tahmassebi, Ramon title: Reflections from London’s Level-1 Major Trauma Centres during the COVID crisis date: 2020-06-26 words: 2475.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327148-dzozl70h.txt summary: In this article we reflect on the changes introduced and the lessons learned at London''s four Level-1 Major Trauma Centres, in maintaining a reduced but functional service for trauma and urgent musculoskeletal pathology, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Each centre adapted individually but the problems faced were identical; continuing to provide high quality sub-specialist orthopaedic and trauma care on the unstable platform of inevitable staff illness, redeployment and concerns around safety. Unfortunately, COVID-19 will continue to be a major influence in all our activity for the foreseeable future and while the threat still exists, this reduced theatre efficiency may become the new norm, negatively impacting each hospital''s ability to revamp elective surgery services. Outside of those physicians working on the genuine front-line of caring for COVID patients (ED, ICU, Medicine, Anaesthetics, etc.), there has traditionally been less focus on the psychological health of the workforce; particularly in surgery. abstract: Emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in dramatic changes in global healthcare provision. Resources were redirected across all healthcare sectors to support the treatment of viral pneumonia with resultant effects on other essential services. We describe the impact of this on the provision of major trauma care in a major capital city. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591913/ doi: 10.1007/s00590-020-02724-0 id: cord-266020-ngqfwyj4 author: Taito, S. title: Assessment of the Publication Trends of COVID-19 Systematic Reviews and Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-01 words: 1343.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266020-ngqfwyj4.txt summary: In this study, we clarified the publication trends of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) regarding COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by investigating the number of SRs and RCTs on topics related to COVID-19 practice published in PubMed and medRxiv between January 1 and June 30, 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional study by investigating the number of SRs and RCTs on topics related to COVID-19 practice published in PubMed and medRxiv between January 1 and June 30, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 This is the first report about the publication trends of SRs and RCTs for COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 doi: medRxiv preprint The figure shows the trend in the number of publications of systematic reviews (including systematic reviews and meta-analyses) and randomized controlled trials for COVID-19. Number of medRxiv systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials for COVID-19 (January to June 2020). abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of studies listed in The National Library of Medicine registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) and preprints in medRxiv for COVID-19 has grown rapidly. In this study, we clarified the publication trends of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) regarding COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study by investigating the number of SRs and RCTs on topics related to COVID-19 practice published in PubMed and medRxiv between January 1 and June 30, 2020. We calculated the ratio of the number of RCTs to that of SRs for this study period, as in a previous study. Results: The SR/RCT ratio in PubMed increased from 9.0 in March to 102 in June. In medRxiv, the SR/RCT ratio rose from 7.7 in March to 16.5 in June Discussion: The SR/RCT ratio increased and was much higher than that of 0.871 in 2017 found in a previous review of all medical research. During the study period, the trend in the COVID-19 publications comprised a more rapid increase in the number of SRs than RCTs url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20182956 id: cord-265230-ozyx8u64 author: Takahari, Daisuke title: Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research date: 2020-10-21 words: 5741.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265230-ozyx8u64.txt summary: In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. By contrast, for treating patients with high risk and/or during the pandemic, we must choose between reducing the intensity of chemotherapy (e.g., omission of the 5-FU bolus for CRC, replacement of infusional 5-FU by capecitabine or S-1 for ESCC, gastric cancer (GC), and CRC), delaying treatment, skipping cycles, or stopping (i.e., treatment maintenance phase and salvage chemotherapy with relatively few benefits). As first-line chemotherapy, for patients with high tumor burden or tumor-related signs/symptoms or low risk of COVID-19 infection, combination of fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin (if HER2 is positive, plus trastuzumab) is recommended as a standard regimen [38] . abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. On April 7, 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Japan, as had been by other nations worldwide. This unprecedented crisis has profound implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and for practicing healthcare professionals. Various reports have shown data indicating that cancer patients with COVID-19 have high morbidity and mortality rates. In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. In this article, we outlined the decisions made regarding the practice of gastrointestinal oncology in our institution during the COVID pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33085057/ doi: 10.1007/s10147-020-01806-7 id: cord-352579-ndcbmgfj author: Takahashi, Takuto title: Pharmacogenomics of COVID-19 therapies date: 2020-08-18 words: 5258.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352579-ndcbmgfj.txt summary: In this review, we summarized the pharmacogenomic literature available for COVID-19 drug therapies including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/cobicistat, interferon beta-1b, tocilizumab, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and corticosteroids. We found several drug-gene variant pairs that may alter the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, SLCO1A2, and SLCO1B1); azithromycin (ABCB1); ribavirin (SLC29A1, SLC28A2, and SLC28A3); and lopinavir/ritonavir (SLCO1B1, ABCC2, CYP3A). Summary of clinical implications of pharmacogenomics for COVID19 We found evidence that several genetic variants may alter the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir and possibly tocilizumab, which hypothetically may affect clinical response and toxicity in the treatment of COVID-19. As previously described in this review, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and azithromycin can individually increase risk for QT prolongation, and those drugs have been used in combination in COVID-19 patients. abstract: A new global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in high mortality and morbidity. Currently numerous drugs are under expedited investigations without well-established safety or efficacy data. Pharmacogenomics may allow individualization of these drugs thereby improving efficacy and safety. In this review, we summarized the pharmacogenomic literature available for COVID-19 drug therapies including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/cobicistat, interferon beta-1b, tocilizumab, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and corticosteroids. We searched PubMed, reviewed the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase (PharmGKB(®)) website, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pharmacogenomics information in the product labeling, and the FDA pharmacogenomics association table. We found several drug-gene variant pairs that may alter the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (CYP2C8, CYP2D6, SLCO1A2, and SLCO1B1); azithromycin (ABCB1); ribavirin (SLC29A1, SLC28A2, and SLC28A3); and lopinavir/ritonavir (SLCO1B1, ABCC2, CYP3A). We also identified other variants, that are associated with adverse effects, most notable in hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (G6PD; hemolysis), ribavirin (ITPA; hemolysis), and interferon β -1b (IRF6; liver toxicity). We also describe the complexity of the risk for QT prolongation in this setting because of additive effects of combining more than one QT-prolonging drug (i.e., hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine and azithromycin), increased concentrations of the drugs due to genetic variants, along with the risk of also combining therapy with potent inhibitors. In conclusion, although direct evidence in COVID-19 patients is lacking, we identified potential actionable genetic markers in COVID-19 therapies. Clinical studies in COVID-19 patients are deemed warranted to assess potential roles of these markers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864162/ doi: 10.1038/s41525-020-00143-y id: cord-315849-e16lln3f author: Takayama, Kazuo title: In vitro and Animal Models for SARS-CoV-2 research date: 2020-05-30 words: 1167.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315849-e16lln3f.txt summary: An in vitro cell model for SARS-CoV-2 research is essential for understanding the viral life cycle, for amplifying and isolating the virus for further research and for preclinical evaluation of therapeutic molecules. This section lays out the cell lines used to replicate and isolate SARS-CoV-2, as well as organoids that can be used to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on specific human tissues (Table 1A, Figure 1 ). They showed that their organoids were permissive to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and could evaluate anti-viral effects of COVID-19 candidate therapeutic compounds including camostat [17] . who conducted SARS-CoV-2 infection experiments using HeLa cells that expressed ACE2 proteins taken from multiple animal species from mice to humans [11] . The team found that such mice after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showed weight loss, virus replication in the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia [25] . Human ACE2 transgenic mice After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mice show weight loss, virus replication in the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia. abstract: Abstract Basic research on SARS-CoV-2 is essential to understand its detailed pathophysiology and identify best drug targets. Models that can faithfully reproduce the viral life cycle and reproduce the pathology of COVID-19 are required. Here, we briefly review the cell lines, organoids, and animal models that are currently being used in COVID-19 research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553545/ doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.05.005 id: cord-312784-ykko0al5 author: Takian, Amirhossein title: COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran date: 2020-03-18 words: 1297.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312784-ykko0al5.txt summary: Given the COVID-19 pandemic and its alarming outcomes in Iran, 9 the international community must be obliged to stand against the sanctions that are hurting millions of Iranians. With the UK increasingly becoming an outlier globally in terms of its minimal social distancing populationlevel interventions, transparency is key to retaining the understanding, cooperation and trust of the scientific and health-care communities as well as the general public, ultimately leading to a reduction of morbidity and mortality. 1 However, we request that the government urgently and openly shares the scientific evidence, data, and models it is using to inform current decision making related to COVID-19 public health interventions within the next 72 h and then at regular intervals thereafter. The UK Government asserts that its response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is based on evidence and expert modelling. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620306681 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30668-1 id: cord-352557-l7sahv5t author: Takla, Michael title: Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19: systematic review and narrative synthesis of efficacy and safety date: 2020-11-13 words: 7587.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt summary: In contrast, only 58% of observational studies employing an endpoint specific to efficacy recorded no significant difference in the attainment of outcomes, such as duration of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and probability of transfer to an intensive care unit (ICU), between COVID-19 patients given a range of CQ and/or HCQ doses, and the control groups. Indeed, of the remaining papers, 60% found evidence of a higher probability of discharge rate (Sbidian et al., 2020) , viral clearance and shorter symptom duration (Huang et al., 2020a) in a therapeutic context, and a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prophylactic context (Bhattacharya et al., 2020 Although 60% of clinical trials found evidence of higher mild adverse drug-related events in the treatment group, none of those specifically focusing on cardiac-side effects discovered any significant difference relative to the control. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has required clinicians to urgently identify new treatment options or the re-purposing of existing drugs. Of particular interest are chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The aims of this systematic review are to systematically identify and collate 24 studies describing the use of CQ and HCQ in human clinical trials and to provide a detailed synthesis of evidence of its efficacy and safety. Of clinical trials, 100% showed no significant difference in the probability of viral transmission or clearance in prophylaxis or therapy, respectively, compared to the control group. Among observational studies employing an endpoint specific to efficacy, 58% concurred with the finding of no significant difference in the attainment of outcomes. Three-fifths of clinical trials and half of observational studies examining an indicator unique to drug safety discovered a higher probability of adverse events in those treated patients suspected of, and diagnosed with, COVID-19. Of the total papers focusing on cardiac side-effects, 44% found a greater incidence of QTc prolongation and/or arrhythmias, 44% found no evidence of a significant difference, and 11% mixed results. The strongest available evidence points towards the inefficacy of CQ and HCQ in prophylaxis or in the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1319016420302644 doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.003 id: cord-293942-n5ypkftc author: Takoi, Hiroyuki title: Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases date: 2020-09-28 words: 1160.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293942-n5ypkftc.txt summary: title: Favipiravir-induced fever in coronavirus disease 2019: A report of two cases Favipiravir, an antiviral agent, is undergoing clinical trials for treating novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report two cases of COVID-19 with favipiravir-induced fever. Favipiravir, a promising antiviral agent, is undergoing clinical trials as an alternative drug for treating COVID-19 (Arab-Zozani et al., 2020) in several countries, including China (Chen et al., 2020) , Iran, Germany, and Japan. We experienced two cases of favipiravir-induced fever in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Drug-induced fever was suspected and favipiravir was discontinued on Day 10. This preliminary report may help differentiate paradoxical fever in patients receiving favipiravir therapy for COVID-19. Favipiravir for treating patients with novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials Nafamostat mesylate treatment in combination with favipiravir for patients critically ill with Covid-19: A case series abstract: Favipiravir, an antiviral agent, is undergoing clinical trials for treating novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report two cases of COVID-19 with favipiravir-induced fever. In both cases, pyrexia was observed following administration of favipiravir despite symptoms of COVID-19 improving. No other cause for the fever was evident after careful physical examination and laboratory investigation. Once favipiravir was discontinued, the fever subsided in both patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of favipiravir-induced fever. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220321664 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1450 id: cord-297001-4g3wb8qi author: Tal, Shir title: Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? date: 2020-05-12 words: 4626.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297001-4g3wb8qi.txt summary: Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease. However, many of the COVID-19 patients may present with high levels of D-dimer due to other causes -inflammation, disseminated intravascular coagulation, advanced age, or infection [23] suggesting the need for CTPA as an initial rule-out test as well. Finally, based on the correlation between high levels of D-dimer and severe COVID-19 disease [7, 37] as well as higher mortality rate [5, 38] , the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemosthasis (ISTH) and American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines [39] advises prophylactic LMWH in all hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the absence of any contraindications (active bleeding and platelet count less than 25 × 10 9 /L) [34, 40] . abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is responsible for the ongoing 2019–2020 pandemic. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a frequent cardiovascular and/or respiratory complication among hospitalized patients, is one of the known sequelae of the illness. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are often elderly, immobile, and show signs of coagulopathy. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a high incidence of VTE among these patients. Presently, the incidence of VTE is estimated at around 25% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for COVID-19 even under anticoagulant treatment at prophylactic doses. In this review, we discuss present knowledge of the topic, the unique challenges of diagnosis and treatment of VTE, as well as some of the potential mechanisms of increased risk for VTE during the illness. Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000508233 doi: 10.1159/000508233 id: cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author: Talaie, Haleh title: Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-18 words: 5089.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt summary: METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. Zhong et al., provided a systematic review and meta-analysis including the therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) mainly besides COVID-19 and assessed their safety and efficacy profiles [31] . All types of studies i.e. randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and the case series that investigated clinical outcomes and/or viral clearance among adult patients were included to conduct this study. In agreement with previous researches, our meta-analysis results showed that the administration of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) significantly decreased the mortality rate and ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19 [113, 114] . Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: PURPOSE: A recent survey has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in dramatical and critical treatment particularly in acute infected patients. In fact, this systematic review-meta-analysis was directly pertained to estimation at the efficient value of some clinical managements to confront the COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of this study were the frequency of negative conversion cases, clinical improvements, mechanical ventilation demand, intensive care unit (ICU) entry, and mortality. The standard treatment refers to the published guidelines and specialist experience which varies in different articles, and the proposed treatment refers to the kind of interest suggested in the included studies. RESULTS: A number of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria (out of 6793 articles). Among them, 26 articles involving 3263 patients were included in quantitative analysis. Anti-COVID-19 interventions could significantly increase clinical improvement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.27; I(2) = 49.8%) and reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.95; I(2) = 74.8%). Although in terms of negative conversion, ICU entry, and mechanical ventilation demand, clinical intervention had no beneficial effect. The clinical effect of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) was noticeable compared to other medications with RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09–0.53; I(2) = 40.9%) for mortality and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07–1.46; I(2) = 45.4%) for clinical improvement. Moreover, Antivirals (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26; I(2) = 47.0%) and convalescent plasma therapy (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.98; I(2) = 66.6%) had significant beneficial effects on clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, all the included interventions significantly declined the mortality and enhanced clinical improvements with no effect on negative conversion and mechanical ventilation demand. Especially, immunomodulators and plasma therapy showed favorable outcomes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Figure: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 id: cord-264647-9r443j3l author: Talamonti, G. title: Spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 words: 2920.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264647-9r443j3l.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To report the peculiarity of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients, as we have observed an unusually high number of these patients following the outbreak of SARS-Corona Virus-2. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical documentation of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with primary spinal epidural abscess that we surgically managed over a 2-month period. A primary abscess represents the rarest form of spinal epidural abscess, which is usually secondary to invasive procedures or spread from adjacent infective sites, such as spondylodiscitis, generally occurring in patients with diabetes, obesity, cancer, or other chronic diseases. To our knowledge, cases of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients have not been reported to date. During the last three months, six patients with SARS-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-COV-2) were referred to us for acute spinal cord syndrome due to primary spinal epidural abscess (SEA) [1] . abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the peculiarity of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients, as we have observed an unusually high number of these patients following the outbreak of SARS-Corona Virus-2. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical documentation of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with primary spinal epidural abscess that we surgically managed over a 2-month period. These cases were analyzed for what concerns both the viral infection and the spinal abscess. RESULTS: The abscesses were primary in all cases indicating that no evident infective source was found. A primary abscess represents the rarest form of spinal epidural abscess, which is usually secondary to invasive procedures or spread from adjacent infective sites, such as spondylodiscitis, generally occurring in patients with diabetes, obesity, cancer, or other chronic diseases. In all cases, there was mild lymphopenia but the spinal abscess occurred regardless of the severity of the viral disease, immunologic state, or presence of bacteremia. Obesity was the only risk factor and was reported in two patients. All patients but one were hypertensive. The preferred localizations were cervical and thoracic, whereas classic abscess generally occur at the lumbar level. No patient had a history of pyogenic infection, even though previous asymptomatic bacterial contaminations were reported in three cases. CONCLUSION: We wonder about the concentration of this uncommon disease in such a short period. To our knowledge, cases of spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients have not been reported to date. We hypothesize that, in our patients, the spinal infection could have depended on the coexistence of an initially asymptomatic bacterial contamination. The well-known COVID-19-related endotheliitis might have created the conditions for retrograde bacterial invasion to the correspondent spinal epidural space. Furthermore, spinal epidural abscess carries a significantly high morbidity and mortality. It is difficult to diagnose, especially in compromised COVID-19 patients but should be kept in mind as early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10211-z doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10211-z id: cord-317357-l2y2onmn author: Talarico, Valentina title: Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria Region date: 2020-05-11 words: 735.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317357-l2y2onmn.txt summary: The defined criteria used for suspecting a 2019-nCoV case are: the presence of an epidemiological history (travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 disease during the 14 days prior to symptom onset or having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 patient) and an acute respiratory illness (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, flu-like symptoms, shortness of breath). In suspected cases, a nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay is requested to confirm COV-ID-19 infection. In conclusions, the most important finding to come from the present preliminary report is the confirmed evidence that children and adolescents are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but frequently do not have notable disease, raising the possibility that they could be facilitators of viral transmission. abstract: not available. url: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9550 doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9550 id: cord-267511-tb69dwg8 author: Talebian, Sepehr title: Why Go NANO on COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-09-02 words: 1964.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267511-tb69dwg8.txt summary: This will be essential to find viral particles in an efficient way and target them for destruction by developing NANOvaccines involved in host cell protection and immune and immunity response and/or anti-viral NANOagents, involved in inhibiting viral attachment, cell entry, and systemic infection (Figure 1 ). 6 Hence, one could imagine the realization of an oral multi-modal NANOvaccine for targeted delivery of a synthetic mRNA of the virus to the respiratory tract, with the purpose of enhancing the immunostimulatory activity of the vaccine, by simply including antibodies or small molecules that could target the interaction sites between ACE2 and SARS-CoV. Considering that viruses could be phylogenetically unrelated and structurally different, and given that most vaccines are virus specific, a promising approach would be that of developing broad-spectrum anti-viral NANOparticles to fight COVID-19 and future pandemics. Potential Therapeutic Approaches by which NANOtechnology Can Contribute against COVID-19 abstract: Although treating COVID-19 is shown to be challenging, NANOtechnology is around the corner to overcome potential drawbacks. The use of NANOtechnologies will definitely shape the worldwide approaches and tools to treat COVID-19. Here we highlight the importance of going NANO on the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S259023852030432X doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.005 id: cord-296232-6zj99nuw author: Talukdar, Jayanta title: Potential of natural astaxanthin in alleviating the risk of cytokine storm in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-16 words: 7622.0 sentences: 435.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296232-6zj99nuw.txt summary: We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. Studies including human trials have shown that ASX effectively regulates immunity and disease etiology, suggesting its wide array of potential therapeutic and nutritional support in prevention and treatment of various pathogenic diseases and metabolic disorders, all of which have elements of oxidative stress and/or inflammation in the pathogenesis [8, 10, 17] . [9] found that the administration of ASX provides both preventive and curative anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in the human gingival keratinocyte line NDUSD-1 by suppressing the production of IL-6 via inhibiting activation of the NF-ĸB signaling pathway. Evidence from these studies suggest that ASX is a potent antioxidant and a natural anti-inflammatory compound having efficient immunomodulatory action that exerts potential therapeutic benefits against oxidative and inflammation induced tissue damage. abstract: Host excessive inflammatory immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to underpin the pathogenesis of COVID-19 associated severe pneumonitis and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Once an immunological complication like cytokine storm occurs, anti-viral based monotherapy alone is not enough. Additional anti-inflammatory treatment is recommended. It must be noted that anti-inflammatory drugs such as JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, TNF-α inhibitors, colchicine, etc., have been either suggested or are under trials for managing cytokine storm in COVID-19 infections. Natural astaxanthin (ASX) has a clinically proven safety profile and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. There is evidence from preclinical studies that supports its preventive actions against ALI/ARDS. Moreover, ASX has a potent PPARs activity. Therefore, it is plausible to speculate that ASX could be considered as a potential adjunctive supplement. Here, we summarize the mounting evidence where ASX is shown to exert protective effect by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. We present reports where ASX is shown to prevent against oxidative damage and attenuate exacerbation of the inflammatory responses by regulating signaling pathways like NF-ĸB, NLRP3 and JAK/STAT. These evidences provide a rationale for considering natural astaxanthin as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory cytokine storm and associated risks in COVID-19 infection and this suggestion requires further validation with clinical studies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332220310787?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110886 id: cord-322980-rembksdr author: Talwar, Shivangi title: Ayurveda and Allopathic Therapeutic Strategies in Coronavirus Pandemic Treatment 2020 date: 2020-10-22 words: 4536.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322980-rembksdr.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2019) emerged in 2019 in the month of December in Wuhan city of China, which again made the life of humans miserable with numerous fatal health issues and slowly and gradually this virus entrapped the whole world [2, 3] . Before the doctors, scientists, and researchers could study and come up with a cure for treatment, this virus had already infected more than lakhs of people across the world with the human coronavirus pathogens, i.e., HCoV-22E and HCoV-OC43, which affects the upper respiratory tract. Because of broad reach, presently, remdesivir and its in vitro studies against coronavirus help in treating SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 and EC90 estimations of 0.77 μM and 1.76 μM, respectively, and are proved to be a fruitful expected treatment for COVID-19 [ abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last month of 2019, i.e., December, COVID-19 hit Wuhan city in China. Since then, it has infected more than 210 countries and nearly about 33.4 million people with one million deaths globally. It is a viral disease with flu-like symptoms; hence, prevention and management is the best option to be adopted for its cure. RECENT FINDINGS: Many healthcare systems, scientists, and researchers are fighting for the cure of this pandemic. Ayurvedic and allopathic treatments have been studied extensively and approached for the cure of COVID-19. In addition to ayurvedic treatments, the Ministry of Ayush, India, has also recommended many remedies to boost up immunity. Allopathic studies involved several antiviral drugs which were used in different combinations for the treatment of COVID-19. SUMMARY: Comparative analysis of Ayurveda and allopathic treatment strategies were carried out in the present study. Depending upon the patient’s conditions and symptoms, Ayurveda is useful for the treatment of COVID-19. Allopathic treatments inhibit viral infection by targeting majorly endocytosis, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace) receptor signaling. In this article, we summarize different ayurvedic and allopathic medicines and treatment strategies which have been used for the treatment of COVID-19, a global pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00245-2 doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00245-2 id: cord-264986-glm2qcuz author: Tam, Cheuk Chi title: Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience date: 2020-10-21 words: 4824.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264986-glm2qcuz.txt summary: title: Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers in China. Guided by an ecological perspective, the current study explored psychological distress among Chinese HIV healthcare providers and examined the roles of COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, and resilience in psychological distress. In addition to institutional support, the protective and mediating role of resilience also highlighted the effects of personal coping abilities on psychological health in Chinese HIV healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, by using an ecological perspective, we identified that institutional support (as interpersonal factor) and resilience (as intrapersonal factor) mitigated the influences of COVID-19 stress on psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers in China. abstract: Psychological distress among healthcare providers is concerning during COVID-19 pandemic due to extreme stress at healthcare facilities, including HIV clinics in China. The socioecological model suggests that psychological distress could be influenced by multi-level factors. However, limited COVID-19 research examined the mechanisms of psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers. This study examined organizational and intrapersonal factors contributing to psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected via online anonymous surveys from 1029 HIV healthcare providers in Guangxi, China during April–May 2020. Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). Thirty-eight percent of the providers experienced psychological distress (PHQ-4 score > 3). Institutional support and resilience mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Psychological distress was common among Chinese HIV healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological health intervention should attend to institutional support and resilience. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w id: cord-303192-il3s8lgp author: Tam, Lai‐Shan title: Care for patients with rheumatic diseases during COVID‐19 pandemic: A position statement from APLAR date: 2020-05-27 words: 1794.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303192-il3s8lgp.txt summary: Patients with rheumatic diseases are at higher risk of respiratory infections including influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia, which is attributed to the underlying disease, comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapy, 1 but to date we lack good information about the virus SARS-CoV-2. In the desperate search to find effective treatments for COVID-19, drugs largely used by rheumatologists have entered the spotlight, including the caution against use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the potential of antimalarials and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), for example anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and targeted synthetic DMARDS (tsDMARDs) Janus-activated kinase (JAK) inhibitors to manage cytokine storm syndrome (CSS)/cytokine release syndrome associated with COVID-19. 18 In order to gather real-world data to inform treatment strategies and better characterize individuals at increased risk of infection, the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance has successfully dePreclinical and limited clinical data suggested that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CLQ) have antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.13863 doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.13863 id: cord-252775-faxiem2w author: Tamagnini, Gabriele title: Cardiac surgery in the time of the novel coronavirus: Why we should think to a new normal date: 2020-07-15 words: 1722.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252775-faxiem2w.txt summary: The Cardiac Surgery Departments have to think to a new normal: since the virus will remain endemic in the society, dedicated pathways or even dedicated Teams are pivotal to treat safely the patients, in respect of the safety of the health care workers. Moreover, we need a keen eye on deciding which pathologies have to be treated with priority: Coronary artery Disease showed a higher mortality rate in patients affected by COVID19, but it is, however, reasonable to think that all the cardiac pathologies affecting the lung circulation—such as symptomatic severe mitral diseases or aortic stenosis—might deserve a priority access to treatment, to increase the survival rate in case of an acquired‐Coronavirus infection later on. In epidemiological terms, it would be reasonable to consider a comparison of the age-profile overlap among patients who suffered from more severe COVID-19 with patients who undergo cardiac surgical procedures, since both prevalence of valvular diseases and casefatality rates for COVID-19 increase in the elderly patients. abstract: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak a pandemic. At the time of writing, 24 May 2020 more than 5 million individuals have been tested positive and the death toll was over 330 000 deaths worldwide. The initial data pointed out the tight bond between cardiovascular diseases and worse health outcomes in COVID19‐patients. Epidemiologically speaking, there is an overlap between the age‐groups more affected by COVID‐related death and the age‐groups in which Cardiac Surgery has its usual base of patients. The Cardiac Surgery Departments have to think to a new normal: since the virus will remain endemic in the society, dedicated pathways or even dedicated Teams are pivotal to treat safely the patients, in respect of the safety of the health care workers. Moreover, we need a keen eye on deciding which pathologies have to be treated with priority: Coronary artery Disease showed a higher mortality rate in patients affected by COVID19, but it is, however, reasonable to think that all the cardiac pathologies affecting the lung circulation—such as symptomatic severe mitral diseases or aortic stenosis—might deserve a priority access to treatment, to increase the survival rate in case of an acquired‐Coronavirus infection later on. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667077/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14741 id: cord-321177-ywkkcagd author: Tamari, Keisuke title: Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists date: 2020-05-29 words: 995.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321177-ywkkcagd.txt summary: title: Nationwide survey of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments via online questionnaire for radiation oncologists Chinese scientists rapidly identified the causative agent as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by sequencing the complete genome from lower respiratory tract samples of patients in Wuhan [4] . Radiation oncologists in Wuhan, China recently pointed out the importance of patient education and staff training to prevent infection in radiotherapy settings during the COVID-19 pandemic [14] . Here, we investigate the current status of the practice of COVID-19 prevention measures in Japanese radiotherapy departments using an online questionnaire. Our first version of the online questionnaire was distributed to radiation oncologists in The majority of the respondents (81.0%) indicated that they had taken some infection control measures for COVID-19. If all radiation oncologists in Japan were asked to respond, the percentage of those taking measures to prevent COVID-19 might be even lower. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.042 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.042 id: cord-264220-xfptlkuc author: Tan, Chaochao title: C‐reactive protein correlates with computed tomographic findings and predicts severe COVID‐19 early date: 2020-04-25 words: 1903.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264220-xfptlkuc.txt summary: Additionally, the early identification of patients who will become severely ill could facilitate the allocation of the limited Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver-operating curve; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; NLR, granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; WBC, white blood cell. Changes in the number of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) have been previously reported in COVID-19 patients, but little is known about their correlation with disease severity. In this study, we aimed to compare clinical laboratory biomarkers between SARS-COV-2 and influenza infection, and also between mild and severe COVID-19 patients, to explore the most useful prognostic factors for early, accurate, and individualized assessment of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the NLR showed changing trends similar to the lymphocyte numbers, which became significantly higher in the severe group at the recovery stage ( Figure 2D ). Moreover, CRP and ESR increased significantly at the early stage in severe COVID-19 patients, before identification of any change by the CT scores. abstract: COVID‐19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic; early identification of severe illness is critical for controlling it and improving the prognosis of patients with limited medical resources. The present study aimed to analyze the characteristics of severe COVID‐19 and identify biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prognosis prediction. In total, 27 consecutive patients with COVID‐19 and 75 patients with flu were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical parameters were collected from electronic medical records. The disease course was divided into four stages: initial, progression, peak, and recovery stages, according to computed tomography (CT) progress. to mild COVID‐19, the lymphocytes in the severe COVID‐19 progressively decreased at the progression and the peak stages, but rebound in the recovery stage. The levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the severe group at the initial and progression stages were higher than those in the mild group. Correlation analysis showed that CRP (R = .62; P < .01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R = .55; P < .01) and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio (R = .49; P < .01) were positively associated with the CT severity scores. In contrast, the number of lymphocytes (R = −.37; P < .01) was negatively correlated with the CT severity scores. The receiver‐operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that area under the curve of CRP on the first visit for predicting severe COVID‐19 was 0.87 (95% CI 0.10–1.00) at 20.42 mg/L cut‐off, with sensitivity and specificity 83% and 91%, respectively. CRP in severe COVID‐19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281668/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25871 id: cord-299469-lqro7t7a author: Tan, Eng-King title: Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 words: 1292.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299469-lqro7t7a.txt summary: title: Neurological research & training after the easing of lockdown in countries impacted by COVID-19 While the neurological impact of COVID-19 is now well recognized, especially among healthcare workers and vulnerable groups [1, 2] the challenges of restarting clinical and laboratory research, and allowing clinical study coordinators and laboratory staff back on-site are enormous and deserve greater attention ( Table 1 ). However, staff capacity remains an issue specifically where investigators have been deployed to COVID-19 studies while older and more vulnerable researchers are assigned to non-clinical support facilities. Research workflow should incorporate important considerations raised by relevant scientific bodies on the optimal measures for stroke and dementia care or treatment modalities for various neurological conditions during COVID-19, with an emphasis on maintaining smooth care delivery while taking into account safety, ethical and logistic issues [3] [4] [5] . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022510X20304421 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117105 id: cord-318068-3mnhd56l author: Tan, Hanno L title: How does COVID-19 kill at home and what should we do about it? date: 2020-08-21 words: 1858.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318068-3mnhd56l.txt summary: 1, 2 Baldi and co-workers now provide, in this issue of the European Heart Journal, convincing evidence that COVID-19 is also associated with increased incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Also, changes associated with reduced chances of surviving OHCA occurred: longer Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival times (12 min in 2019 vs. The same key determinants of survival were less favourable during the pandemic (rise in median EMS response time from 9.4 to 10.4 min, larger proportion of OHCA incidences at home, lower proportions of witnessed OHCA and shockable rhythm), resulting in reduced survival rates to hospital admission (23% to 13%) and hospital discharge (5.4% to 3.1%). Other observations indicate that changed citizen-rescuer behaviour may also have reduced survival chances, in particular the lower provision of CPR 3 and of public automated external defibrillator use. Indeed, elevated biomarker levels of injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are associated with higher risk of mortality 2 and of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa599 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa599 id: cord-268718-tt07cwrf author: Tan, Heng Wee title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date: 2020-06-30 words: 6346.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268718-tt07cwrf.txt summary: 54 Virus infectivity study has indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 is able to utilize ACE2 of human, Chinese horseshoe bats, civet, and pig but was not able to use mouse ACE2. The roles of ACE2 expression in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and human COVID-19 susceptibility are largely unknown. B, ACE2 expression in lung cancer patients with different smoking histories analyzed using similar methods as described previously 106 other symptoms in addition to respiratory symptoms, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 could perhaps infect other organs (Figure 3 ). 118 In addition to sputum, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the stools of a COVID-19 patient, 119 F I G U R E 3 Tissue distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and potential COVID-19 susceptibility. Expression of elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2 + cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS abstract: Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The highly contagious SARS‐CoV‐2 belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, and it is phylogenetically closely related to SARS‐CoV, a human CoV that caused an outbreak back in 2002 to 2003. Both SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV enter human cells via the interactions between viral crown‐like spike protein and human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, we aim to review the involvement of ACE2 in human CoV infections by discussing the roles of ACE2 in CoV evolution, cross‐species transmissibility, and COVID‐19 susceptibility. We also provide our perspectives on COVID‐19 treatment and prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32602627/ doi: 10.1002/rmv.2122 id: cord-289006-7dv1zsp9 author: Tan, Kimberly-Anne title: Addressing Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Spine Surgery: A Rapid National Consensus Using the Delphi Method via Teleconference date: 2020-05-14 words: 4529.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289006-7dv1zsp9.txt summary: The following topics were discussed: repurposing of surgeons, continuity of spine services, introduction of telemedicine, triaging of spinal surgeries, preoperative testing, new challenges in performing spine surgery, and preparing for the post-pandemic era. The aforementioned challenges in clinical practice brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic raise the question of whether we can use present-day technology to improve patient care. The orthopedic spine service of the National University Hospital has had a long-standing tradition of auditing all upcoming spine surgery cases every week and has reported this to be especially beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic where resource availability is constantly changing. While the following set of guidelines provide a framework to help spine services triage their patients, the need to continually evaluate the operating lists on a case-by-case and resource-dependent basis remains crucial during this pandemic. abstract: The magnitude and potential duration of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is something that most doctors currently in practice have yet to experience. While considerable information regarding COVID-19 is being published every day, it is challenging to filter out the most relevant or appropriate information for our individual practice. The Spine Society of Singapore convened via a teleconference on April 24, 2020 to collaborate on a national level and share collective wisdom in order to tackle the ongoing crisis. In the teleconference, 13 spine surgeons from across various hospitals in Singapore constituted the panel of experts. The following topics were discussed: repurposing of surgeons, continuity of spine services, introduction of telemedicine, triaging of spinal surgeries, preoperative testing, new challenges in performing spine surgery, and preparing for the post-pandemic era. While some issues required only the sharing of best practices, the Delphi panel method was adopted to form a consensus on others. Existing spine specific triage guidelines were debated and a locally accepted set of guidelines was established. Although preoperative testing is currently not performed routinely, the panel voted in favor of its implementation because they concluded that it is vital to protect themselves, their colleagues, and their patients. Solutions to operating room specific concerns were also discussed. This article reflects the opinions and insights shared during this meeting and reviews the evidence relevant to the issues that were raised. The rapid consensus reached during the teleconference has enabled us to be concerted, and thus stronger, in our national efforts to provide the best standard of care via our spine services in these challenging times. We believe that this article will provide some guidance for addressing COVID-19 in spine surgery and encourage other national/regional societies to conduct similar discussions that would help their navigation of this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32403894/ doi: 10.31616/asj.2020.0224 id: cord-290921-dozqofrm author: Tan, Limin title: Choice behavior of commuters'' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model date: 2020-09-19 words: 749.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290921-dozqofrm.txt summary: title: Choice behavior of commuters'' rail transit mode during the COVID-19 pandemic based on logistic model To understand whether commuters will take rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic, a logistic regression model was constructed from three aspects of personal attributes, travel attributes and perception of COVID-19 based on 559 valid questionnaires. The results show that: occupation, commuting tools before the COVID-19 pandemic, walking time from residence to the nearest subway station, the possibility of being infected in private car and the possibility of being infected in public transport have significant influence on the commuters'' choice of rail transit. The confidence in bus/subway/taxi/taxi-hailing of commuters who do not choose to commute by rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic is not high. (2) Travel attributes: distance from residence to workplace, walking time from residence to the nearest 159 subway station, times of transfers required to get to workplace by rail transit, and commuting tools 160 before the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: To understand whether commuters will take rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic, a logistic regression model was constructed from three aspects of personal attributes, travel attributes and perception of COVID-19 based on 559 valid questionnaires. The results show that: occupation, commuting tools before the COVID-19 pandemic, walking time from residence to the nearest subway station, the possibility of being infected in private car and the possibility of being infected in public transport have significant influence on the commuters’ choice of rail transit. Self-employed people and freelancers, commuters who used non-public transport before the COVID-19 pandemic, and commuters who take longer to walk from their residences to the nearest subway station are less likely to commute by rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Commuters who think that the risk of being infected with the virus in public transport is higher have a lower probability of choosing rail transit. The confidence in bus/subway/taxi/taxi-hailing of commuters who do not choose to commute by rail transit during the COVID-19 pandemic is not high. The study of this paper can provide reference for the formulation of urban rail transit control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, so as to formulate more perfect measures to ensure the safety of the returning workers. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095756420301197?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jtte.2020.07.002 id: cord-267971-xgwmda8e author: Tan, Shing Cheng title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-04-07 words: 2851.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267971-xgwmda8e.txt summary: Background: Numerous groups have reported the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, the data remained inconsistent. Understanding the clinical and 46 epidemiological characteristics of the disease is important for informing public health decision 47 making, which would enable improvement of surveillance and effective planning of treatment. (4) found that the male-to-female ratio among the 81 patients included 56 was close to 1:1, indicating that both genders were equally susceptible to 57 the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and the 58 contagion shows no sign of slowing down (13). In this 60 study, a systematic review and pooled analysis was performed to characterize the clinical and 61 epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients. In this work, a systematic review and pooled analysis was 137 performed to combine data from 69 previous reports, in order to yield a more accurate summary 138 of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: Numerous groups have reported the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, the data remained inconsistent. This paper aimed to pool the available data to provide a more complete picture of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic review and pooled analysis was performed. Eligible studies were identified from database and hand searches up to March 2, 2020. Data on clinical (including laboratory and radiological) and epidemiological (including demographic) characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases were extracted and combined by simple pooling. Results: Of 644 studies identified, 69 studies (involving 48,926 patients) were included in the analysis. The average age of the patients was 49.16 years. A total of 51.46% of the patients were men and 52.32% were non-smokers. Hypertension (50.82%) and diabetes (20.89%) were the most frequent comorbidities observed. The most common symptoms were fever (83.21%), cough (61.74%), and myalgia or fatigue (30.22%). Altered levels of blood and biochemical parameters were observed in a proportion of the patients. Most of the patients (78.50%) had bilateral lung involvements, and 5.86% showed no CT findings indicative of viral pneumonia. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (28.36%), acute cardiac injury (7.89%) and acute kidney injury (7.60%) were the most common complications recorded. Conclusions: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients were mostly heterogeneous and non-specific. This is the most comprehensive report of the characteristics of COVID-19 patients to date. The information presented is important for improving our understanding of the spectrum and impact of this novel disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050989 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050989 id: cord-189629-7qaqu02f author: Tan, Tao title: Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 date: 2020-11-10 words: 4741.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-189629-7qaqu02f.txt summary: title: Pristine annotations-based multi-modal trained artificial intelligence solution to triage chest X-ray for COVID-19 Artificial intelligence (AI) assisted X-ray based applications for triaging and monitoring require experienced radiologists to identify COVID patients in a timely manner and to further delineate the disease region boundary are seen as a promising solution. Although the performance of some systems approaches the level of radiologists on X-rays in terms of classification, but to our best knowledge, no studies have verified the detection and segmentation of the disease regions against human annotation on X-rays. For location, the network generates a segmentation mask to identify disease pixels or regions on X-ray related to COVID-19 or regular pneumonia. We evaluated our approach in three seperate aspects: first, AI predictions were compared with the image-level classification labels; second, the segmentation of disease regions for the COVID class was evaluated against direct X-ray pixel-wise annotations. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread and impact the well-being of the global population. The front-line modalities including computed tomography (CT) and X-ray play an important role for triaging COVID patients. Considering the limited access of resources (both hardware and trained personnel) and decontamination considerations, CT may not be ideal for triaging suspected subjects. Artificial intelligence (AI) assisted X-ray based applications for triaging and monitoring require experienced radiologists to identify COVID patients in a timely manner and to further delineate the disease region boundary are seen as a promising solution. Our proposed solution differs from existing solutions by industry and academic communities, and demonstrates a functional AI model to triage by inferencing using a single x-ray image, while the deep-learning model is trained using both X-ray and CT data. We report on how such a multi-modal training improves the solution compared to X-ray only training. The multi-modal solution increases the AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) from 0.89 to 0.93 and also positively impacts the Dice coefficient (0.59 to 0.62) for localizing the pathology. To the best our knowledge, it is the first X-ray solution by leveraging multi-modal information for the development. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.05186v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-333411-hqtb4a2c author: Tan, Tina Q title: Location Matters: Geographic Disparities and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-17 words: 1769.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333411-hqtb4a2c.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has revealed major disparities in the access to testing and messaging about the pandemic based on the geographic location of individuals, particularly in communities of color, rural areas, and areas of low income. The COVID-19 pandemic initially impacted the most densely populated areas in the United States particularly large urban areas in which health systems endured waves of cases that overwhelmed resources including hospital beds, personal protective equipment, intensive care capacity, ventilators, and personnel. The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated longstanding racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare access and outcomes in the United States particularly in regard to geographic locations in rural and remote areas and low income settings. As rural and urban geographic areas remain interconnected, health policymakers and government authorities need to develop emergency and preparedness plans that address the limited access to COVID-19 testing, effective means of communication, provider shortage, and lack of healthcare facilities and intensive care units in rural areas. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has revealed major disparities in the access to testing and messaging about the pandemic based on the geographic location of individuals, particularly in communities of color, rural areas, and areas of low income. This geographic disparity, in addition to deeply rooted structural inequities, have posed additional challenges to adequately diagnose and provide care for individuals of all ages living in these settings. We describe the impact that COVID-19 has had on geographic disparate populations in the United States and share our recommendations to what might be done to ameliorate the current situation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942299/ doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa583 id: cord-300619-uu3e4pjw author: Tan, Wanqiu title: Is Returning to Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic Stressful? A Study on Immediate Mental Health Status and Psychoneuroimmunity Prevention Measures of Chinese Workforce date: 2020-04-23 words: 4804.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300619-uu3e4pjw.txt summary: Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p<0.05). The objective of this study was to identify demographic and psychoneuroimmunity preventive measures that determined the mental health of the members of the workforce who returned to work when the risk for contracting COVID-19 remains unknown. There were no significant differences between workers/technical staff and managers/executives in the mean score and severity of PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia (p > 0.05). abstract: This study aimed to quantify the immediate psychological effects and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of a workforce returning to work during the COVID-19 epidemic. Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures include precautions at personal and organization levels. From 673 valid questionnaires, we found that 10.8% of respondents met the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning to work. The respondents reported a low prevalence of anxiety (3.8%), depression (3.7%), stress (1.5%) and insomnia (2.3%). There were no significant differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms between workers/technicians and executives/managers. More than 95% reported psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including good ventilation in the workplace and wore a face mask as protective. Factors that were associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce were marital status, presence of physical symptom, poor physical health and viewing return to work as a health hazard (p<0.05). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p<0.05). Contrary to expectations, returning to work had not caused a high level of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce. The low prevalence of psychiatric symptoms could be due to confidence instilled by psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures before the resumption of work. Our findings would provide information for other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055 id: cord-270214-5bjow148 author: Tan, Winson Jianhong title: Safe Colorectal Surgery in the COVID-19 Era – A Singapore Experience date: 2020-04-30 words: 1834.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270214-5bjow148.txt summary: In this article, we share our colorectal unit''s workflow ( Fig. 1 ) and recommendations (Table 1) for safe practice in the COVID-19 era. Workflow for patients undergoing elective colorectal procedures in the COVID-19 era: Patients who have any travel history within 14 days, or has contact with any member of the public who is positive for COVID-19 or on home quarantine, or has new onset of flu-like symptoms will be advised on postponement of procedure. Unlike MIS, the exposure of the surgeon to smoke inhalation is likely higher in open surgery which raises the possibility of COVID-19 transmission. For COVID-19 cases, surgery is performed in a dedicated negative pressure OR. Secondly, the appropriate PPE in this era needs to be reviewed and perhaps all OR staff should be in N95 respirators for all colorectal procedures until there is more evidence regarding transmission risk during surgery. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429009/ doi: 10.3393/ac.2020.04.21 id: cord-299309-p703e396 author: Tan-Torres Edejer, Tessa title: Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study date: 2020-09-09 words: 5146.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299309-p703e396.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299309-p703e396.txt summary: title: Projected health-care resource needs for an effective response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study This study aimed to identify what the additional health-care costs of a strategic preparedness and response plan (SPRP) would be if current transmission levels are maintained in a status quo scenario, or under scenarios where transmission is increased or decreased by 50%. Evidence before this study Since Jan 30, 2020, when WHO labelled the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, countries have tried to limit its spread, instituting measures on physical distancing and restrictions on movement. As of June 26, 2020, the costs of the full, nine-pillar response to COVID-19 in 73 low-income and middleincome countries after 4 weeks, on July 24, 2020, were projected to be approximately $52 billion, assuming that the Rt was unchanged and the status quo continued. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, more than 20 million cases have been reported, as of Aug 24, 2020. This study aimed to identify what the additional health-care costs of a strategic preparedness and response plan (SPRP) would be if current transmission levels are maintained in a status quo scenario, or under scenarios where transmission is increased or decreased by 50%. METHODS: The number of COVID-19 cases was projected for 73 low-income and middle-income countries for each of the three scenarios for both 4-week and 12-week timeframes, starting from June 26, 2020. An input-based approach was used to estimate the additional health-care costs associated with human resources, commodities, and capital inputs that would be accrued in implementing the SPRP. FINDINGS: The total cost estimate for the COVID-19 response in the status quo scenario was US$52·45 billion over 4 weeks, at $8·60 per capita. For the decreased or increased transmission scenarios, the totals were $33·08 billion and $61·92 billion, respectively. Costs would triple under the status quo and increased transmission scenarios at 12 weeks. The costs of the decreased transmission scenario over 12 weeks was equivalent to the cost of the status quo scenario at 4 weeks. By percentage of the overall cost, case management (54%), maintaining essential services (21%), rapid response and case investigation (14%), and infection prevention and control (9%) were the main cost drivers. INTERPRETATION: The sizeable costs of a COVID-19 response in the health sector will escalate, particularly if transmission increases. Instituting early and comprehensive measures to limit the further spread of the virus will conserve resources and sustain the response. FUNDING: WHO, and UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32918872/ doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30383-1 id: cord-321315-bzmokdzk author: Tanacan, Atakan title: The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey date: 2020-07-30 words: 2136.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321315-bzmokdzk.txt summary: title: The Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Asymptomatic Pregnant Women Admitted to Hospital for Delivery: Experience of A Pandemic Center in Turkey OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery in a Turkish pandemic center. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals should be cautious in the labor and delivery of high-risk pregnant women during the pandemic period and universal testing for COVID-19 may be considered in selected populations. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery in a Turkish pandemic center. Maternal age, gravidity, parity, number of previous miscarriages, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), gestational age at birth, birth weight, 1st-5th minute Apgar scores, route of delivery (spontaneous vaginal deliver yor cesarean section) and SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates were compared between the healthy and high-risk pregnant women. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity in asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to hospital for delivery in a Turkish pandemic center. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Ankara City Hospital between April, 15, 2020 and June, 5, 2020. A total of 206 asymptomatic pregnant women (103 low-risk pregnant women without any defined risk factor and 103 high-risk pregnant women) were screened for SARS-CoV-2 positivity upon admission to hospital for delivery. Detection of SARS-CoV2 in nasopharyngeal samples was performed by Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method targeting RdRp (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) gene. Two groups were compared in terms of demographic features, clinical characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. RESULTS: Three of the 206 pregnant women participating in the study had positive RT-PCR tests (1.4%) and all positive cases were in the high-risk pregnancy group. Although, one case in the high-risk pregnancy group had developed symptoms highly suspicious for COVID-19, two repeated RT-PCR tests were negative. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity rate was significantly higher in the high-risk pregnancy group (2.9% vs 0%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals should be cautious in the labor and delivery of high-risk pregnant women during the pandemic period and universal testing for COVID-19 may be considered in selected populations. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0301211520304930 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.051 id: cord-224428-t8s52emf author: Tandon, Hiteshi title: Coronavirus (COVID-19): ARIMA based time-series analysis to forecast near future date: 2020-04-16 words: 2099.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-224428-t8s52emf.txt summary: The numbers in India have reached up to 10,453 for confirmed COVID-19 infected cases with 358 deaths and 1181 recoveries as reported on 13 April 2020. The main objective of the study is to find the best predictive model and apply it to forecast future incidence of COVID-19 cases in India. We have applied an ARIMA model to the time series data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in India. 11 In the present study, time series analysis is used to recognize the trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases in India over the period of 22 A comparative study is also performed to examine the status of confirmed COVID-19 cases of India with respect to those of highly infected countries. Figure 2 For comparing the actual and forecasted confirmed COVID-19 cases, a time series graph is plotted starting from 30 January 2020 till 13 April 2020. abstract: COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, is currently a major worldwide threat. It has infected more than a million people globally leading to hundred-thousands of deaths. In such grave circumstances, it is very important to predict the future infected cases to support prevention of the disease and aid in the healthcare service preparation. Following that notion, we have developed a model and then employed it for forecasting future COVID-19 cases in India. The study indicates an ascending trend for the cases in the coming days. A time series analysis also presents an exponential increase in the number of cases. It is supposed that the present prediction models will assist the government and medical personnel to be prepared for the upcoming conditions and have more readiness in healthcare systems. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07859v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-326339-46imi33v author: Tang, A. C. Y. title: Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 6878.0 sentences: 402.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326339-46imi33v.txt summary: Conclusions: The predictive model constructed in this study is the first one to explore factors associating with the compliance to infection control measures in healthcare students amid the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings suggest that students who are male, habituate in Hong Kong, have more clinical experience and weak confidence to manage the threat tend to have lower compliance to social distancing and personal hygiene measures. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress, coping responses, and adherence to COVID-19 ICPs in Chinese healthcare students using path analysis. Participants completed selfadministered online questionnaires that collected data on demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress level, use of wishful thinking, and empathetic responding and adherence to social distancing and personal hygiene measures in response to COVID-19. abstract: Objectives: To investigate the associations between demographic characteristics, perceived threat, perceived stress, coping responses and adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in Chinese Healthcare students. Design: A cross-sectional survey collecting data in Hong Kong and Fujian Province of China. Self-administered questionnaires were collected via online platform in April 2020. Participants: A convenience and snowball sample of 2706 students aged 18 years or older and studying a healthcare programme in Hong Kong or Fujian. Setting: Students were recruited in tertiary education institutions/universities in Hong Kong and Putian (a prefecture-level city in eastern Fujian province). The institutions offered various healthcare programmes in degree or sub-degree levels. Main outcome measures: Compliances to social distancing and personal hygiene measures were assessed by 10-item Social Distancing Scale and 5-item Personal Hygiene Scale respectively. Path analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the compliance outcomes. Results: The participants reported high compliances to both social distancing and personal hygiene measures. Confidence to manage the current situation, wishful thinking and empathetic responding directly predicted compliance to social distancing ({beta}=-0.31, p<0.001; {beta}=0.35, p=0.015; {beta}=0.33, p<0.001 respectively) and personal hygiene measures ({beta}=-0.16, p<0.001; {beta}=0.21, p<0.001; {beta}=0.16, p<0.001 respectively). Gender, geographical location, and clinical experience were the only three demographic variables having direct and/or indirect effects on social distancing and personal hygiene measures. The final model constructed demonstrated a very good fit to the data (Chi-square X2=27.27, df=17, P=0.044; X2/df=1.61; GFI=0.998, CFI=0.997, TLI=0.992, RMSEA=0.015). Conclusions: The predictive model constructed in this study is the first one to explore factors associating with the compliance to infection control measures in healthcare students amid the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings suggest that students who are male, habituate in Hong Kong, have more clinical experience and weak confidence to manage the threat tend to have lower compliance to social distancing and personal hygiene measures. Wishful thinking, contrasting to previous studies, was first found to positively associate with adherence to COVID-19 control measures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.20154997v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 id: cord-153150-rep51ly9 author: Tang, Chen title: Functional data analysis: An application to COVID-19 data in the United States date: 2020-09-17 words: 7805.0 sentences: 457.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-153150-rep51ly9.txt summary: We explore the modes of variation of the data through a functional principal component analysis (FPCA), and study the canonical correlation between confirmed and death cases. Lastly, we consider a functional time series model fitted to the cumulative confirmed cases in the US, and make forecasts based on the dynamic FPCA. To begin with, we plot the fitted mean curve (which estimates the trend over time), the fitted variance curve (which estimates the subject-specific variation) and the fitted covariance surface of daily confirmed cases across 50 continental states in Figure 3 . Prior to estimating the functional canonical correlation between confirmed cases and death tolls in the US, some additional pre-processing procedures to the data are necessary, as we observe that the date on which the first confirmed case is reported varies significantly across the states, and the number of death counts stays relatively low during the entire study period in several states. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic so far has caused huge negative impacts on different areas all over the world, and the United States (US) is one of the most affected countries. In this paper, we use methods from the functional data analysis to look into the COVID-19 data in the US. We explore the modes of variation of the data through a functional principal component analysis (FPCA), and study the canonical correlation between confirmed and death cases. In addition, we run a cluster analysis at the state level so as to investigate the relation between geographical locations and the clustering structure. Lastly, we consider a functional time series model fitted to the cumulative confirmed cases in the US, and make forecasts based on the dynamic FPCA. Both point and interval forecasts are provided, and the methods for assessing the accuracy of the forecasts are also included. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.08363v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-299326-uqwkhczx author: Tang, Chong title: Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-04-23 words: 4279.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299326-uqwkhczx.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics of 20,662 Patients with COVID-19 in mainland China: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis In this review, we systematically investigated the epidemiologic, characteristics, chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, laboratory findings, and treatments of COVID-19 in mainland China. For this systematic review and a meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and SSRN electronic databases for papers published or preprinted in English or Chinese from January 1 to March 15, 2020 with the following search terms: "coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "2019-nCoV" OR "Novel Coronavirus" OR "Wuhan pneumonia". The inclusion criteria were as follows: clinical studies of COVID-19; studies performed in mainland China; number of cases ≥ 10; and primary outcomes including signs and symptoms, chest CT imaging, laboratory tests, and treatments were available. Relation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Conditions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and has been widely reported; however, a comprehensive systemic review and meta-analysis has not been conducted. We systematically investigated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in mainland China to guide diagnosis and treatment. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and SSRN databases for studies related to COVID-19 published or preprinted in English or Chinese from January 1 to March 15, 2020. Clinical studies on COVID-19 performed in mainland China were included. We collected primary outcomes including signs and symptoms, chest CT imaging, laboratory tests, and treatments. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis was conducted, and random-effects models were applied to pooled estimates. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42020171606). Of the 3624 records identified, 147 studies (20,662 patients) were analyzed. The mean age of patients with COVID-19 was 49.40 years, 53.45% were male, and 38.52% had at least one comorbidity. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, followed by fatigue, expectoration, and shortness of breath. Most patients with COVID-19 had abnormal chest CT findings with ground glass opacity (70.70%) or consolidation (29.91%). Laboratory findings shown lymphopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, increased infection-related indicators, and fibrinolytic hyperactivity. Antiviral therapy, antibiotic therapy, and corticosteroids were administered to 89.75%, 79.13%, and 35.64% of patients, respectively. Most clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are non-specific. Patients with suspected should be evaluated by virological assays and clinically treated. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.20070565 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070565 id: cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author: Tang, Daxing title: Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-26 words: 5846.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt summary: Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions (First Edition)," 17 "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan on the New Coronavirus inflicted pneumonia (Sixth trial edition, revised)" 2 (both released by the National Health Commission of China), "Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of General Surgery in the Background of New Coronavirus Outbreak," 6 and other relevant latest reports, we propose the following control measures and practical strategies for pediatric surgery practice during the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to more than 100 countries. Children approved to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preventing and controlling the epidemic while ensuring orderly flows of pediatric surgery clinical work has proven to be a big challenge for both patients and clinicians during the epidemic. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211106/ doi: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000122 id: cord-343186-gsojxjp9 author: Tang, Jieying title: Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID‐19 patients with pressure ulcer date: 2020-05-07 words: 469.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343186-gsojxjp9.txt summary: 1,2 As we know, the development of a pressure ulcer is a complex process that requires the application of external force to the skin (such as sacrum and ischium) and host-specific factors, especially in the patients over age 65 years old and with critical ill condition. The most important risk factors include immobility and reduced perfusion which are also the features of critical ill COVID-19 patients. For patients with stage II or above pressure ulcers, the costs of medical resource increases significantly in our hospital. In addition, diarrhoea is one of the common (2%-49.5%) symptoms of COVID-19, 3 and could also contribute to the occurrence of sacral pressure ulcer in ICU patients. 3 Therefore, how we can primarily prevent and appropriately manage the COVID-19 patients in ICU with pressure ulcer is an important issue. Pressure ulcers in intensive care patients: a review of risks and prevention abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32383319/ doi: 10.1111/iwj.13399 id: cord-302214-ubepkkto author: Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel title: Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview date: 2020-06-13 words: 1721.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302214-ubepkkto.txt summary: RESULTS: At the onset of the Covid-19 outbreak, Malaysia had initiated travel restrictions and quarantine; but with a persistent increase in new Covid-19 cases, the Movement Control Order was finally rolled out on 18 March 2020, requiring closure of all businesses except those providing essential services and items. The measures started with entry restriction of selective foreign nationals into Malaysia, as well as self-quarantine of Malaysian and non-Malaysian citizens returning from Covid-19 hotspots, and culminated with the passing and execution of the Movement Control Order (MCO) (Immigration Department of Malaysia 2020; Ministry of Health 2020; Prime Minister''s Office of Malaysia 2020a). The notable decrease of daily new Covid-19 cases after 14 April (Fig. 1) can very likely be attributed to improved compliance to the MCO through more stringent enforcement, in addition to continuous medical screening and tracking of suspected contacts with the Covid-19 infected individuals. abstract: AIM: The first Covid-19 cases were reported in Malaysia on 25 January 2019 followed by a quiescent period before an upward swing of the cases at the end of February 2020, partly attributed to mass gathering during a religious event. This short communication aims to provide an overview of the measures taken by the Malaysian Government in response to Covid-19, and of the effectiveness of the Movement Control Order. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This short communication reviews articles and government announcements related to containment measures and the Movement Control Order of Malaysia, and graphically presents data pertinent to Covid-19 in Malaysia in order to show the relationship between fluctuations in Covid-19 cases and movement control. RESULTS: At the onset of the Covid-19 outbreak, Malaysia had initiated travel restrictions and quarantine; but with a persistent increase in new Covid-19 cases, the Movement Control Order was finally rolled out on 18 March 2020, requiring closure of all businesses except those providing essential services and items. Enforcement of the order was tightened progressively, resulting in significant improvement of compliance, while other interventions such as tracking of potential contacts and medical screening were underway, and the media continued to provide updates and general advices. The numbers of new and active Covid-19 cases started showing evident downtrends from mid-April, thus indicating the effectiveness of movement control and its compliance. CONCLUSION: The article provides insight into crucial factors contributing to the success of movement control to effectively contain Covid-19, and highlights the need to prevent future upsurge through continuous monitoring and enforcement. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01316-w doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01316-w id: cord-321984-qjfkvu6n author: Tang, Lu title: A Review of Multi‐Compartment Infectious Disease Models date: 2020-08-03 words: 21853.0 sentences: 1094.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321984-qjfkvu6n.txt summary: Despite relying on a valid infectious diseases mechanism, deterministic approaches have several drawbacks: (i) the actual population in each compartment at a given time is never accurately measured because we only obtain an observation around the mean; (ii) the nature of disease transmission and recovery is stochastic on the individual level and thus never certain; and (iii) without random component in the model, it is neither possible to learn model parameters (e.g. R 0 ) from available data nor to assess prediction uncertainty. In an early stage of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the daily infection and death counts reported by health agencies are highly influenced by the availability of testing kits, reporting delays, reporting and attribution schemes, and under-ascertainment of mild cases in public health surveillance databases (see discussions in Angelopoulos et al., 2020; Banerjee et al., 2020) ; both disease transmission rate and time to recovery or death are also highly uncertain and vary by population density, demographic composition, regional contact network structure and non-uniform mitigation schemes (Ray et al., 2020) . abstract: Multi‐compartment models have been playing a central role in modelling infectious disease dynamics since the early 20th century. They are a class of mathematical models widely used for describing the mechanism of an evolving epidemic. Integrated with certain sampling schemes, such mechanistic models can be applied to analyse public health surveillance data, such as assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures (e.g. social distancing and quarantine) and forecasting disease spread patterns. This review begins with a nationwide macromechanistic model and related statistical analyses, including model specification, estimation, inference and prediction. Then, it presents a community‐level micromodel that enables high‐resolution analyses of regional surveillance data to provide current and future risk information useful for local government and residents to make decisions on reopenings of local business and personal travels. r software and scripts are provided whenever appropriate to illustrate the numerical detail of algorithms and calculations. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic surveillance data from the state of Michigan are used for the illustration throughout this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834402/ doi: 10.1111/insr.12402 id: cord-306536-tkjg6iu0 author: Tang, P. M. title: Geographical identification of the vulnerable groups during COVID-19 crisis: the typhoon eye effect and its boundary conditions date: 2020-05-02 words: 3537.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306536-tkjg6iu0.txt summary: We aim to use early evidence in China to help mental health services providers in screening people with wellbeing issues during COVID-19 outbreak from a novel perspective of typhoon eye theory. Our survey gathered subjects'' life satisfaction, distance to the epicenter, and sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, education, family size, the number of office days last week, and job status. The regression results in Table 2 indicated the negative association between the distance to the epicenter and life satisfaction (β = -0.235, 95% CI -0.450 to -0.020; p = 0.032), supporting the typhoon eye effect. 28.20083667 doi: medRxiv preprint further identify the vulnerable groups that mentally suffer the most associated with their distance during the outbreak: younger adults and individuals with small family size to provide important insights for mental health service providers while conducting the clinical screening. abstract: Although some studies suggest the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with negative consequences on physical health, our knowledge about the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on individual mental health is still nascent. This study uses typhoon eye theory to offer insights in helping clinical psychiatrists to screen people with well-being issues during COVID-19 outbreak. We collected survey data from working adults across different geographical areas in China on 20 and 21 February 2020 during the outbreak of COVID-19. The sample contains 308 working adults, who were in various parts of China, with varying distance to the epicenter of Wuhan. The distance of individual adults to the epicenter was negatively associated with life satisfaction ({beta} = -0.235, 95% CI -0.450 to -0.020, p = 0.032). This association between distance and life satisfaction was significant only for adults who were young or had smaller family sizes. For example, the negative relationship was strongest when the individuals were in the age bracket of 20 years old (15.7%; {beta} = -0.703, 95% CI -1.098 to -0.307; p = 0.001) and single (32.3%; {beta} = -0.767, 95% CI -1.125 to -0.408; p < 0.001). Our results that well-being deteriorates by the distance from the epicenter for specific groups of people help guide mental healthcare providers towards the regions that are further away from the epicenter in the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Meanwhile, our results indicate the practitioners should be cautious of using typhoon eye effect for individuals who were older or had a larger family size. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20083667 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.28.20083667 id: cord-327963-dqsg84e5 author: Tang, Suqin title: Mental Health and Its Correlates among Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 School Closure: The Importance of Parent-Child Discussion date: 2020-10-12 words: 5145.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327963-dqsg84e5.txt summary: Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed. To address these gaps in the literature, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and levels of life satisfaction, among children and adolescents experiencing home quarantine and school closure in Shanghai due to COVID-19. Positive screens and symptom levels for depression, anxiety, and stress were higher among those who were more negative about the impact of home quarantine and who had no discussion about the COVID-19 with their parents. In order to further explore how children and adolescents'' intrapersonal perception on the impact of quarantine, interpersonal interaction with parents regarding COVID-19, and the interaction effects between perceived beneficial and parent-child discussion in association with the severity of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as levels of life satisfaction, were examined. abstract: BACKGROUND: : School closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak have affected 87% of the world's students physically, socially, and psychologically, yet rigorous investigation into their mental health during this period is still lacking. METHODS: : A cross-sectional online survey of 4,342 primary and secondary school students from Shanghai, China was conducted during March 13–23, 2020. Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed. RESULTS: : The three most prevalent symptoms were: anxiety (24.9%), depression (19.7%), and stress (15.2%). Participants were generally satisfied with life and 21.4% became more satisfied with life during school closures. Senior grades were positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas the perceived benefit from home quarantine and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and positively correlated with life satisfaction. Among participants who perceived no benefit from home quarantine, those who had discussions with their parents about COVID-19 experienced less depression, anxiety, and stress. LIMITATIONS: Limitations included the inability to infer the casual relationship, no parental report for mental health of children aged 6 to 9, and the inadequate measurement of parent-child discussion. CONCLUSIONS: : Mental health problems and resilience co-existed in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Given the important role of parent-child discussions, open communication between parents and children about the pandemic should be encouraged to help children and adolescents cope with mental health problems in public health crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.016 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.016 id: cord-271337-2ioap802 author: Tang, Xiao title: Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1 date: 2020-03-26 words: 3637.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271337-2ioap802.txt summary: Research question The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS. The aim of the current study therefore was to compare the different clinical presentations between ARDS patients infected with COVID-19 vs those infected with H1N1 to provide some guidance for their differential diagnoses. The aim of the study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and H1N1 pneumonia in patients with ARDS. The H1N1 pneumonia cases were from a single-center prospective cohort study 10 of patients with H1N1-induced ARDS at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital (China). The data included the following: demographic characteristics (age and sex), underlying diseases, comorbidities, clinical symptoms (fever, cough, sputum, dyspnea, chest pain, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache) , signs (body temperature, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and BP), laboratory tests (blood routine test, arterial blood gas analysis, and blood chemistry), and microbiologic findings/images of the lung (chest CT scan). abstract: Background Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza viruses. Research question The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS. Study Design and Methods This analysis was a retrospective case-control study. Two independent cohorts of patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 (n = 73) or H1N1 (n = 75) were compared. Their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed and compared. Results The median age of patients with COVID-19 was higher than that of patients with H1N1, and there was a higher proportion of male subjects among the COVID-19 cohort (P < .05). Patients with COVID-19 exhibited higher proportions of nonproductive coughs, fatigue, and GI symptoms than those of patients with H1N1 (P < .05). Patients with H1N1 had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than patients with COVID-19 (P < .05). The Pao 2/Fio 2 of 198.2 mm Hg in the COVID-19 cohort was significantly higher than the Pao 2/Fio 2 of 107.0 mm Hg in the H1N1 cohort (P < .001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with H1N1 (P < .001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 28.8%, whereas that of patients with H1N1 was 34.7% (P = .483). SOFA score-adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients, with a rate ratio of 2.009 (95% CI, 1.563-2.583; P < .001). Interpretation There were many differences in clinical presentations between patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 or H1N1. Compared with H1N1 patients, patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA score-adjusted mortality. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220305584 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.032 id: cord-269275-b7xxk48t author: Tang, Xiaojia title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism date: 2020-09-27 words: 4631.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269275-b7xxk48t.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, acute cerebrovascular disease, central nervous system infections and other neurological diseases. Four formal reports have described neurological problems in SARS patients, including polyneuropathy [35] , myopathy and rhabdomyolysis [36] , large artery ischemic stroke [37] and central nervous system infections [38] . In a study by Mao et al., 214 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled, and six (2.80%) of them developed acute cerebrovascular disease (five cases of ischemic stroke and one case of cerebral hemorrhage). Strokes are not uncommon in critically ill patients with multiple comorbidities, so SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans may increase the risk of stroke. Since some COVID-19 patients have complained of headaches, nausea etc, care providers should be alert for central nervous system infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 if such patients also exhibit symptoms such as a fever, epilepsy and disturbances of consciousness. abstract: In December 2019, the first cases of the acute respiratory illness now known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are a fever, dry cough and general weakness, although in some patients, a headache, tight chest, diarrhea, etc. are the first clinical manifestations. Neurological practice is involved in all aspects of medicine, from primary care for patients with migraines to consultations with patients in the intensive care unit. Few disorders spare the nervous system, and newly emerging infections are no exception. As neurologists, we are concerned about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections on the nervous system. Multiple neuropathy, rhabdomyolysis, cerebrovascular disease, central nervous system infections and other common neurological diseases require attention during this outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103732 doi: 10.18632/aging.103732 id: cord-314426-vwqjspfu author: Tang, Yuanji title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Brazil: using a mathematical model to estimate the outbreak peak and temporal evolution date: 2020-07-01 words: 2053.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314426-vwqjspfu.txt summary: By using a simple mathematical model described previously [3], we present herein the Sars-Cov-2 epidemiology in Brazil and in the five most affected Brazilian states: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Amazonas, Ceara, and Pernambuco. Our mathematical analysis shows that Sao Paulo state is at the peak of daily new cases (∼4000 daily cases), which would persist for some days before starting to drop. Reproduction number (R 0 ) was around 4.5 before quarantine and decreased to 1.7 on 19 May. According to our analysis, Rio de Janeiro state is on the peak of daily new cases (∼2000 daily cases) since the last week of May it would persist for around two weeks before starting to drop. The mathematical model shows that Amazonas state is on the peak of daily new cases since the last week of May (∼1600) and would last approximately three weeks before starting to drop. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32552473/ doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785337 id: cord-256864-v3mxcwru author: Tang, Yueting title: Selection of an Optimal Combination Panel to Better Triage COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients date: 2020-10-27 words: 5124.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256864-v3mxcwru.txt summary: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, event-free survival (EFS), and Cox analyses were performed to screen and compare the predictive capabilities of the new panel in patients with different illness severity and outcome. In discriminating the critical and mild patients, a panel combining PCT, IL-6, and neutrophil (NEUT) yielded the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.99, the sensitivity of 90.60% and specificity of 100%. In differentiating the critical and severe patients, the combination of white blood cell count (WBC), PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and SOD achieved the highest AUC of 0.95 with a sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 100%. 14 We also found COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (especially IL-6 and IL-10), indicating that cytokines may be sensitive biomarkers to predict disease outcome. Panel three (WBC, PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and SOD) had much better performance in the initial triage model in risk prediction for the critical vs severe patients. abstract: PURPOSE: It is difficult to predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients at the disease onset. This study was designed to add new biomarkers into conventional inflammatory panels to build an optimal combination panel, to better triage patients and predict their outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Biochemical parameters representing multi-organ functions, cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and other inflammatory markers were measured in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, logistic regression, event-free survival (EFS), and Cox analyses were performed to screen and compare the predictive capabilities of the new panel in patients with different illness severity and outcome. RESULTS: This study included 120 patients with COVID-19, consisting of 32 critical, 28 severe, and 60 mild/moderate patients. Initial levels of the selected biomarkers showed a significant difference in the three groups, all of which influenced patient outcome and EFS to varying degrees. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were independent risk factors, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) was an independent protective factor influencing EFS. In discriminating the critical and mild patients, a panel combining PCT, IL-6, and neutrophil (NEUT) yielded the best diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.99, the sensitivity of 90.60% and specificity of 100%. In distinguishing between severe and mild patients, SOD’s AUC of 0.89 was higher than any other single biomarker. In differentiating the critical and severe patients, the combination of white blood cell count (WBC), PCT, IL-6, IL-10, and SOD achieved the highest AUC of 0.95 with a sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: The optimal combination panel has a substantial potential to better triage COVID-19 patients on admission. Better triage of patients will benefit the rational use of medical resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149652/ doi: 10.2147/jir.s273193 id: cord-353887-f4yd7guj author: Tang, Yujun title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date: 2020-07-10 words: 8532.0 sentences: 461.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt summary: Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we referred COVID-19 associated cytokine storm as the patients who are severely ill along with a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The innate and adaptive immune responses activated by SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and ultimately cause the cytokine storm (14) . MERS-CoV infects the cells mentioned above to induce delayed (but increased) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL3) (27, 30) . Although SARS-CoV is abortive in macrophages and DCs, the virus induces an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (31, 32) . A comment and a meta-analysis, which mainly bases on the evidence of SARS and MERS (64, 65) , stated that corticosteroid would increase mortality and delayed clearance of viral in coronavirus infection diseases. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around the world. The current evidence showed that severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared to those who are moderately ill. The high level of cytokines also indicates a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 cells, has been found in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate that the “cytokine storm” may contribute to the mortality of COVID-19. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Our review shows that SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces a high level of IL-6 and results in the exhaustion of lymphocytes. The current evidence indicates that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is relatively effective and safe. Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 id: cord-254777-h8hw4m9f author: Tanner, Tamara title: Hyperinflammation and the utility of immunomodulatory medications in children with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 4731.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254777-h8hw4m9f.txt summary: Cytokine storm syndromes include various entities, depending on the inciting factor: primary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis [HLH] in children with specific genetic mutations; secondary HLH due to infection or malignancy, macrophage activation syndrome due to rheumatologic disease and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) when hyperinflammation is due to CAR T-cell therapy. Although still under investigation, ADE has been proposed as a potential mechanism underlying the newly described MIS-C, based on the observation that a majority of the patients have evidence of existing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the inflammatory condition seems to lag behind the COVID-19 infection peak by approximately 4-6 weeks. The rationale for use of IL-6 blockade in serious COVID-19 infections is based on the observation that for the subset of patients with severe manifestations, IL-6 is most likely one of the drivers of the cytokine storm, and elevated levels of IL-6 have been consistently shown [14] . abstract: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection globally coupled with the relatively high case-fatality rate has led to immediate need for therapeutic intervention to prevent and treat COVID-19 disease. There is accumulating evidence that morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 may be exacerbated by a dysregulated host immune response resulting in significant hyperinflammation and cytokine release. The aim of this review is to describe the basis for the immune dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and to examine current investigations into immunomodulatory therapies aimed at targeting the excessive host immune response. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.07.003 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.07.003 id: cord-341512-nhdx944g author: Tanno, Luciana Kase title: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID)-19: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINITIONS AND CODING TO SUPPORT THE ALLERGY COMMUNITY AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS date: 2020-05-11 words: 971.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341512-nhdx944g.txt summary: We would like to dedicate this document to all colleagues and health professionals dedicating 197 Table 1 : Case definitions based on the World Health Organization oficial recommendations (10, adapted) (m = meters, ft = feet, min = minutes) A suspected case is defined when the patient fits one of the 3 situations:(I) Acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath), AND a history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19 during the 14 days prior to symptom onset; (II) Acute respiratory illness AND contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset; (III) Acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, shortness of breath; AND requiring hospitalization) AND in the absence of an alternative diagnosis that fully explains the clinical presentation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2213219820304700 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.05.002 id: cord-345998-701aker9 author: Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat title: Challenging the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand date: 2020-10-07 words: 1927.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345998-701aker9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345998-701aker9.txt summary: This study aimed to analyze the situation of COVID-19 in Thailand and the challenging disease control by employing a dynamic model to determine prevention approaches. The SEIR (Susceptible Exposed Infectious and Recovered) dynamic approach and moving average estimation were used to forecast the daily infected and cumulative cases until 16 June as a base run analysis using STELLA dynamic software and statistical techniques. Currently, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 might be identified as the biggest world health In addition, enhancing people''s awareness and implementing regulations also constituted key factors in achieving these goals of controlling disease spread. Hospitalization numbers, reported deaths or recovered cases in various conditions have been estimated at global or country levels based on available current data and using different modelling approaches. In addition, we have attempted to forecast the COVID-19 cases in terms of the number of infected and new cases in Thailand using the dynamic SEIR (Susceptible Exposed Infectious and Recovered) model [4, 5] , and moving average prediction approaches. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It was initially detected in Wuhan, China and spread to other cities of China and all countries. It has caused many deaths and the number of infections became greater than 18 million as of 5 August 2020. This study aimed to analyze the situation of COVID-19 in Thailand and the challenging disease control by employing a dynamic model to determine prevention approaches. We employed a statistical technique to analyze the ambient temperature influencing the cases. We found that temperature was significantly associated with daily infected cases (p-value <0.01). The SEIR (Susceptible Exposed Infectious and Recovered) dynamic approach and moving average estimation were used to forecast the daily infected and cumulative cases until 16 June as a base run analysis using STELLA dynamic software and statistical techniques. The movement of people, both in relation to local (Thai people) and foreign travel (both Thai and tourists), played a significant role in the spread of COVID-19 in Thailand. Enforcing a state of emergency and regulating social distancing were the key factors in reducing the growth rate of the disease. The SEIR model reliably predicted the actual infected cases, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 12.8. In case of moving average approach, RMSE values were 0.21, 0.21, and 0.35 for two, three and five days, respectively. The previous records were used as input for prediction that caused lower values of RMSE. Two-days and three-days moving averages gave the better results than SEIR model. The SEIR model is suitable for longer period prediction, whereas the moving average approach is suitable for short term prediction. The implementation of interventions, such as governmental regulation and restrictions, through collaboration among various sectors was the key factor for controlling the spreading of COVID-19 in Thailand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043106/ doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100173 id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 words: 6998.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt summary: From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. abstract: COVID-19 which started in Wuhan, China and swiftly expanded geographically worldwide, including to Low to Middle Income Countries (LMICs). This in turn raised numerous ethical concerns in preparedness, knowledge sharing, intellectual property rights, environmental health together with the serious constraints regarding readiness of health care systems in LMICs to respond to this enormous public health crisis. From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. In the current crisis, scientific knowledge and technology has an important role to play in effective response. Emergency preparedness is a shared responsibility of all countries with a moral obligation to support each other. This review discusses the ethical concerns regarding the national capacities and response strategies in LMICs to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the deep link between the environment and the increasing risk of pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059674/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01296-z id: cord-293059-2iwzieqm author: Tao, Huaqiang title: Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-06 words: 1818.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293059-2iwzieqm.txt summary: It has been approved that inflammation-induced pathogenesis in COVID-19 infection has a strong correlation with incidence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and gastrointestinal injury (1) . However, studies on the correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and bone metabolism in COVID-19 patients are still lacking. In this special background, will inflammatory disorder and immune imbalance affect bone metabolism after COVID-19 infection? Simultaneously, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) was proven to facilitate osteoclast differentiation by overexpressing RANKL and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) (14) . As osteoblasts and osteoclasts exist in approach with immune cells in medullary cavity, it''s no wonder that immune system shares massive regulatory cytokines, signaling molecules and transcription factors with bone biology. Apart from that, NF-κB and AP-1 stimulate the expression of many elements which required for inflammatory cytokines, driving up osteoclast activity and usually implicated inhibition on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (22) . abstract: At the end of 2019, a new kind of pneumonia which was proven to be supported by novel coronaviruses named SARS-CoV-2 emerges and it seems to be more complicate in its clinical course and management. Related researches have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 serves roles in respiratory, intestinal and neuronal diseases. Given the growing cases of COVID-19, analyzing the relevance between COVID-19 and fragile patients who suffer from bone destruction is entirely indispensable. Accordingly, the recapitulatory commentary is necessary to advance our knowledge on COVID-19 and orthopedics. In this article, we particularly clarify the possible relationship between the newly COVID-19 infection and bone lesions from the standpoints of dysimmunity and inflammatory storm. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S030698772032973X doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110332 id: cord-273138-bjm7v26f author: Tao, Pei-Yao title: Determination of risk factors for predicting the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients date: 2020-08-06 words: 3325.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273138-bjm7v26f.txt summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of symptoms onset and clinical features in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients. Asymptomatic COVID-2019 infected patients were defined as follows [3] [4] [5] : patients who tested (a) positive result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for nasal or pharyngeal swab specimens twice every 24 hours; (b) without any conscious clinical symptoms prior to diagnosis, such as fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, muscle pain, etc., and (c) the presence or absence of pulmonary pathological changes on the chest computed tomography (CT) examination after the diagnosis of infection. The purpose of this study is to present the risk factors of symptoms onset and clinical features in asymptomatic infected patients. The current study presented clinical characteristics and evaluated the potential factors for symptoms onset in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients during quarantined. abstract: Background: The number of asymptomatic infected patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) is rampaging around the world but limited information aimed on risk factors of asymptomatic infections. The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of symptoms onset and clinical features in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 70 asymptomatic COVID-2019 infected patients confirmed by nucleic acid tests in Hunan province, China between 28 January 2020 and 18 February, 2020. The epidemiological, clinical features and laboratory data were reviewed and analyzed. Presence or absence at the onset of symptoms was taken as the outcome. A Cox regression model was performed to evaluate the potential predictors of the onset of symptoms. Results: The study included 36 males and 34 females with a mean age of 33.24±20.40 years (range, 0.5-84 years). There were 22 asymptomatic carriers developed symptoms during hospitalization isolated observation, and diagnosed as confirmed cases, while 48 cases remained asymptomatic throughout the course of disease. Of 70 asymptomatic patients, 14 (14/70, 20%) had underlying diseases, 3 (3/70, 4.3%) had drinking history, and 11 (11/70, 15.7%) had smoking history. 22 patients developed symptoms onset of fever (4/22, 18.2%), cough (13/22, 59.1%), chest discomfort (2/22, 9.1%), fatigue (1/22, 4.5%), pharyngalgia (1/22, 4.5%) during hospitalization; only one (1/22, 4.5%) patient developed signs of both cough and pharyngalgia. Abnormalities on chest CT were detected among 35 of the 69 patients (50.7%) after admission, except for one pregnant woman had not been examined. 4 (4/70, 5.7%) and 8 (8/70, 11.4%) cases showed leucopenia and lymphopenia. With the effective antiviral treatment, all the 70 asymptomatic infections had been discharged, none cases developed severe pneumonia, admission to intensive care unit, or died. The mean time from nucleic acid positive to negative was 13.2±6.84 days. Cox regression analysis showed that smoking history (P=0.028, hazard ratio=4.49, 95% CI 1.18-17.08) and existence of pulmonary disease (P=0.038, hazard ratio=7.09, 95% CI 1.12-44.90) were risk factors of the onset of symptoms in asymptomatic carries. Conclusion: The initially asymptomatic patients can develop mild symptoms and have a good prognosis. History of smoking and pulmonary disease was prone to illness onset in asymptomatic patients, and it is necessary to be highly vigilant to those patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922180/ doi: 10.7150/ijms.47576 id: cord-281175-og3myz22 author: Tapper, Elliot B. title: The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care date: 2020-04-13 words: 2675.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281175-og3myz22.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shattered the meticulously developed processes by which we delivered quality care for patients with cirrhosis. We describe how this impact unfolds over 3 waves; i) an intense period with prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, ii) a challenging ''return to normal'' following the end of physical distancing, with increased emergent decompensations, morbidity, and systems of care overwhelmed by the backlog of deferred care, and iii) a protracted period of suboptimal outcomes characterized by missed diagnoses, progressive disease and loss to follow-up. This includes an intensification of the preventative care provided to patients with compensated cirrhosis, proactive chronic disease management, robust telehealth programs, and a reorganization of care delivery to provide a full service of care with flexible clinical staffing. Coordination of care associated with survival and healthcare utilization in a population-based study of patients with cirrhosis abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shattered the meticulously developed processes by which we delivered quality care for patients with cirrhosis. Care has been transformed by the crisis, but enduring lessons have been learned. In this article, we review how COVID-19 will impact cirrhosis care. We describe how this impact unfolds over 3 waves; i) an intense period with prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, ii) a challenging ‘return to normal’ following the end of physical distancing, with increased emergent decompensations, morbidity, and systems of care overwhelmed by the backlog of deferred care, and iii) a protracted period of suboptimal outcomes characterized by missed diagnoses, progressive disease and loss to follow-up. We outline the concrete steps required to preserve the quality of care provided to patients with cirrhosis. This includes an intensification of the preventative care provided to patients with compensated cirrhosis, proactive chronic disease management, robust telehealth programs, and a reorganization of care delivery to provide a full service of care with flexible clinical staffing. Managing the pandemic of a serious chronic disease in the midst of a global infectious pandemic is challenging. It is incumbent upon the entire healthcare establishment to be strong enough to weather the storm. Change is needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827820302178 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.005 id: cord-281040-jvcgtynq author: Taquet, M. title: Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: a study of 62,354 COVID-19 cases date: 2020-08-16 words: 5501.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281040-jvcgtynq.txt summary: Findings: In patients with no prior psychiatric history, COVID-19 was associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric diagnoses in the three months after infection compared to 6 other health events (hazard ratio [95% CI] 2.1 [1.8-2.5] compared to influenza; 1.7 [1.5-1.9] compared to other respiratory tract infections; 1.6 [1.4-1.9] compared to skin infection; 1.6 [1.3.1-9] compared to cholelithiasis; 2.2 [1.9-2.6] compared to urolithiasis, and 2.1 [1.9-2.5] compared to fracture of a large bone; all p<0.0001). Besides using six different control cohorts, the robustness of the findings was tested by repeating the analysis (i) after excluding individuals whose race was unknown (in case this differentially affected cohorts), (ii) by restricting the diagnosis of COVID-19 to confirmed diagnoses (ICD-10 code U07.1), and (iii) by focusing on patients who made at least one healthcare visit between 14 and 90 days after the health event (in case of differential drop-out rates between cohorts). abstract: Background: Adverse mental health consequences of COVID-19, including anxiety and depression, have been widely predicted but not yet accurately measured. There are a range of physical health risk factors for COVID-19, but it is not known if there are also psychiatric risk factors. Methods: We addressed both questions using cohort studies derived from an electronic health records (EHR) network of 69 million patients including over 62,000 cases of COVID-19. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding by risk factors for COVID-19 and for more severe illness. Findings: In patients with no prior psychiatric history, COVID-19 was associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric diagnoses in the three months after infection compared to 6 other health events (hazard ratio [95% CI] 2.1 [1.8-2.5] compared to influenza; 1.7 [1.5-1.9] compared to other respiratory tract infections; 1.6 [1.4-1.9] compared to skin infection; 1.6 [1.3.1-9] compared to cholelithiasis; 2.2 [1.9-2.6] compared to urolithiasis, and 2.1 [1.9-2.5] compared to fracture of a large bone; all p<0.0001). The increase was greatest for anxiety disorders but also present for depression, insomnia, and dementia. The results were robust to several sensitivity analyses. There was a ~30% reduction in psychiatric diagnoses in the total EHR population over the same period. A psychiatric diagnosis in the previous year was associated with a 65% higher incidence of COVID-19 (relative risk 1.65, 95% CI: 1.59-1.71, p<0.0001). This was independent of known physical health risk factors for COVID-19. Interpretation: COVID-19 infection has both psychiatric sequelae and psychiatric antecedents. Survivors have an increased rate of new onset psychiatric disorders, and prior psychiatric disorders are associated with a higher risk of COVID-19. The findings have implications for research into aetiology and highlight the need for clinical services to provide multidisciplinary follow-up, and prompt detection and treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.14.20175190 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.14.20175190 id: cord-306832-w8s282nq author: Tarragón, Blanca title: FRACASO RENAL AGUDO EN PACIENTES HOSPITALIZADOS POR COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 3471.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306832-w8s282nq.txt summary: La mediana de estancia fue de 12 días (RIC 9-23), y el 22% fallecieron-Los pacientes que desarrollaron FRA durante el ingreso presentaron valores más altos de proteína C-reactiva, LDH o dímero D, una afectación pulmonar más grave, más necesidad de ingreso en UCI, más tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir y fármacos biológicos y mayor necesidad de TSR. Además, esta afectación en pacientes COVID-19 no es uniforme según lo comunicado por los hospitales chinos y puede estar condicionada por la estrategia de detección de casos de cada sistema de salud, la política de ingresos de cada hospital, la definición de daño renal e incluso los factores genéticos y ambientales de las diversas poblaciones afectadas. El FRA se ha definido como factor de peor pronóstico y mayor mortalidad en pacientes ingresados con infección por SARS-Cov-2 9,10 . abstract: Antecedentes y objetivo: En diciembre de 2019 surgió en Wuhan, China, la COVID-19 causada por SARS-CoV-2, declarada pandemia global por la OMS en marzo de 2020. Es una infección respiratoria con complicaciones a nivel cardiaco, hematológico, digestivo, neurológico y renal. El fracaso renal agudo (FRA) en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 se presenta en el 0,5-25% y es un factor de mal pronóstico. Los mecanismos de afectación renal no están completamente aclarados. Presentamos la evolución clínica de pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 con FRA que requirieron atención por nefrología en un hospital terciario de la comunidad de Madrid, España. Métodos: Éste es un estudio observacional prospectivo de todos los casos que ingresaron por COVID-19 entre el 6 de marzo y el 12 de mayo de 2020 y requirieron atención por Nefrología. Se recogieron datos clínicos y analíticos de características basales, evolución de la COVID-19 y del FRA. Resultados: Se analizaron 41 pacientes con edad media de 66,8 años (DE 2,1), el 90,2% varones, y con enfermedad renal crónica previa en el 36,6%. El 56,1% presentaron neumonía grave o síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo y el 31,7% requirió ingreso en UCI. El FRA fue de etiología prerrenal en el 61%, necrosis tubular aguda en contexto de sepsis en el 24,4%, glomerular en el 7,3% y por toxicidad tubular en el 7,3%. Se registró proteinuria en el 88,9% y hematuria en el 79,4%. El 48,8% de los pacientes requirió terapia de sustitución renal (TSR). La mediana de estancia fue de 12 días (RIC 9-23), y el 22% fallecieron-Los pacientes que desarrollaron FRA durante el ingreso presentaron valores más altos de proteína C-reactiva, LDH o dímero D, una afectación pulmonar más grave, más necesidad de ingreso en UCI, más tratamiento con lopinavir/ritonavir y fármacos biológicos y mayor necesidad de TSR. Conclusiones: La hipovolemia y deshidratación son una causa frecuente de FRA en pacientes COVID-19. Aquellos que desarrollan FRA intrahospitalario presentan un perfil de peor pronóstico respiratorio, analítico y renal. Creemos que la monitorización de marcadores renales, así como el manejo individualizado de la volemia pueden ser determinantes para prevenir el FRA. Background and aim: In December 2019, a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, took place in Wuhan and was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is a prominently respiratory infection, with potential cardiological, hematological, gastrointestinal and renal complications. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is found in 0.5-25% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and constitutes a negative prognostic factor. Renal damage mechanisms are not completely clear. We report the clinical evolution of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who presented with AKI requiring attention from the Nephrology team in a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain. Methods: This is an observational prospective study including all COVID-19 cases that required hospitalization and Nephrology management from March 6th to May 12th. We collected clinical and analytical data of baseline characteristics, COVID-19 and AKI evolutions. Results: We analyzed 41 patients with a mean age of 66.8 years (SD 2.1), 90.2% males, and with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 36.6%. 56.1% of patients presented with sever pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and 31.7% required intensive care. AKI etiology was prerenal in 61%, acute tubular necrosis in the context of sepsis in 24.4%, glomerular in 7.3% and tubular toxicity in 7.3% of the cases. We reported proteinuria in 88.9% and hematuria in 79.4% of patients. 48.8% of patients required renal replacement therapy (RRT). Median length of stay was 12 days (interquartilic range 9-23) and 22% of the population died. Patients who developed AKI during hospital stay presented with higher C-reactive protein, Lactate dehydrogenase-LDH and D-dimer values, more severe pulmonary damage, more frequent intensive care unit-ICU admission, treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir and biological drugs and RRT requirement. Conclusions: Hypovolemia and dehydration are a frequent cause of AKI among COVID-19 patients. Those who develop AKI during hospitalization display worse prognostic factors in terms of pulmonary damage, renal damage, and analytical findings. We believe that monitorization of renal markers as well as individualized fluid management can play a key role in AKI prevention. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2020.08.005 doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.08.005 id: cord-272112-egsha2j7 author: Tartarone, Alfredo title: COVID-19 and cancer care: what do international guidelines say? date: 2020-08-07 words: 2412.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272112-egsha2j7.txt summary: The recently published Italian recommendations advise to evaluate case by case the possibility of postponing a treatment, considering the biological aspects of cancer, the clinical characteristics of the patient and the potential health risks for COVID-19 infection [9] . According to French guidelines, clinical management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic should be based on the following priority order: curative or non-curative intent of the treatment, age, life expectancy, time since diagnosis and symptoms [11] . TERAVOLT data confirmed a high mortality rate among patients with lung cancer who develop COVID-19; in both studies similar independent factors were associated with increased mortality, which included older age, number of comorbidities, poor performance status, active cancer and administration of chemotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments at the time of infection. abstract: Cancer patients are at particular risk from COVID-19 since they usually present multiple risk factors for this infection such as older age, immunosuppressed state, comorbidities (e.g., chronic lung disease, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases), need of frequent hospital admissions and visits. Therefore, in the COVID era, oncologists should carefully weigh risks/benefits when planning cancer therapies and follow-up appointments. Recently, several scientific associations developed specific guidelines or recommendations to help physicians in their clinical practice. This review focuses on main available guidelines/recommendations regarding the cancer patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767203/ doi: 10.1007/s12032-020-01406-5 id: cord-282572-j14izwxd author: Tasnim, S. title: Epidemiology of sleep disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic scoping review date: 2020-10-11 words: 7708.0 sentences: 481.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282572-j14izwxd.txt summary: Method: Seven major health databases and additional sources were searched to identify, evaluate, and synthesize empirical studies on the prevalence and correlates of sleep disorders and available interventions. This scoping review aims to address this knowledge gap through systematically evaluating the current evidence on the epidemiological burden of sleep disorders, associated factors, and interventions addressing the problems. Data extracted from the included articles were narratively synthesized and presented using tables and a commentary on key findings on the study characteristics, samples, and epidemiological findings as the quantitative burden and associated factors of sleep disorders during COVID-19 and interventions addressing the same. The study by Amerio et al., 29 included general practitioners working in Genoa, Italy evaluate the mental health effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the healthcare workers. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209148 doi: medRxiv preprint Our review shed light on the high prevalence of insomnia and sleep disturbances among health care workers especially those in frontline. abstract: Background: A growing burden of mental health problems has become a global concern amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep disorders are major mental health problems associated with increased psychosocial stressors; however, no research synthesis is available on the epidemiology of it. In this systematic scoping review, we aimed to assess the current evidence on the epidemiological burden, associated factors, and interventions from the existing literature. Method: Seven major health databases and additional sources were searched to identify, evaluate, and synthesize empirical studies on the prevalence and correlates of sleep disorders and available interventions. The Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Review were used, and the findings were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Results: A total of 78 articles were retrieved, the prevalence of sleeping disorders ranged from 2.3% to 76.6%. Age, sex, level of education, physical and mental health, COVID-19 related factors, occupation especially being health care workers (HCW) were the main associated factors. Only two intentions were identified to address the issue. Conclusion: The finding of this review indicated a high burden of sleep disorder with limited interventions that necessitate informing policymakers and practitioners to facilitate future research and implementations. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.20209148 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.08.20209148 id: cord-346265-jx4kspen author: Tatapudi, Hanisha title: Impact assessment of full and partial stay-at-home orders, face mask usage, and contact tracing: An agent-based simulation study of COVID-19 for an urban region date: 2020-10-19 words: 5638.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346265-jx4kspen.txt summary: In this paper, we investigate a few ''what-if'' scenarios for social intervention policies including if the stay-at-home order were not lifted, if the Phase II order continues unaltered, what impact will the universal face mask usage have on the infections and deaths, and finally, how do the benefits of contact tracing vary with various target levels for identifying asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic. We conduct our investigation by first developing a comprehensive agent-based simulation model for COVID-19, and then using a major urban outbreak region (Miami-Dade County hospitalization (if infected with acute illness); and 10) recovery or death (if infected). The model also considers: varying levels of compliances for isolation and quarantine, lower on-site staffing levels of essential work and community places during stay-at-home order, restricted daily schedule of people during various social intervention periods, phased lifting of interventions, use of face masks in workplaces, schools and community places with varying compliance levels, and contact tracing with different target levels to identify asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases. abstract: PURPOSE: Social intervention strategies to mitigate COVID-19 are examined using an agent-based simulation model. Outbreak in a large urban region, Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA is used as a case study. Results are intended to serve as a planning guide for decision makers. METHODS: The simulation model mimics daily social mixing behavior of the susceptible and infected generating the spread. Data representing demographics of the region, virus epidemiology, and social interventions shapes model behavior. Results include daily values of infected, reported, hospitalized, and dead. RESULTS: Results show that early implementation of complete stay-at-home order is effective in flattening and reversing the infection growth curve in a short period of time. Whereas, using Florida's Phase II plan alone could result in 75% infected and end of pandemic via herd immunity. Universal use of face masks reduced infected by 20%. A further reduction of 66% was achieved by adding contact tracing with a target of identifying 50% of the asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of a vaccine, the strict stay-at-home order, though effective in curbing a pandemic outbreak, leaves a large proportion of the population susceptible. Hence, there should be a strong follow up plan of social distancing, use of face mask, contact tracing, testing, and isolation of infected to minimize the chances of large-scale resurgence of the disease. However, as the economic cost of the complete stay-at-home-order is very high, it can perhaps be used only as an emergency first response, and the authorities should be prepared to activate a strong follow up plan as soon as possible. The target level for contact tracing was shown to have a nonlinear impact on the reduction of the percentage of population infected. Increase in contact tracing target from 20% to 30% appeared to provide the largest incremental benefit. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100036 doi: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100036 id: cord-296031-r6iqiy1n author: Tattan-Birch, H. title: COVID-19, smoking, vaping and quitting: A representative population survey in England date: 2020-06-30 words: 5196.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296031-r6iqiy1n.txt summary: Aims: To explore 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, hand washing, smoking status, e-cigarette use, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use and 2) whether COVID-19 has prompted smoking and vaping quit attempts, and more smoking inside the home. Conclusions: In a representative sample of the adult population in England, current smokers and long-term ex-smokers had higher odds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection than never smokers, but there were no large differences by NRT or e-cigarette use. In this study, we will use a representative population sample of adults in England to estimate: 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and smoking status, e-cigarette use and NRT use; . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142661 doi: medRxiv preprint A1: Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and (i) smoking status, (ii) e-cigarette use and (iii) NRT use, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. abstract: Aims: To explore 1) associations between suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, hand washing, smoking status, e-cigarette use, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use and 2) whether COVID-19 has prompted smoking and vaping quit attempts, and more smoking inside the home. Design: Cross-sectional household surveys of a representative sample of the population in England from April-May 2020. Participants: The sample included 3,285 adults aged [≥]18 years. Measurements: Participants who reported they definitely or think they had coronavirus were classified as having a suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were asked how often they wash their hands after returning home, before eating, before preparing foods or before touching their face. They were also asked whether, due to COVID-19, they had i) attempted to quit smoking, ii) attempted to quit vaping, and iii) changed the amount they smoke inside the home. Findings: Odds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection were significantly greater among current smokers (20.9%, adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.73) and long-term (>1-year) ex-smokers (16.1%, ORadj=1.33, 95%CI=1.05-1.68) than never smokers (14.5%). Recent (<1-year) ex-smokers had non-significantly greater odds of suspected infection (22.2%, ORadj=1.50, 95%CI=0.85-2.53, Bayes factor=0.55-1.17). Bayes factors indicated there was sufficient evidence to rule out large differences in suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection by NRT use and medium differences by e-cigarette use. With the exception of hand washing before face touching, engagement in hand washing behaviours was high (>85%) regardless of nicotine use. A minority (12.2%) of past-year smokers who made a quit attempt in the past three months were triggered by COVID-19, and approximately one-in-ten current e-cigarette users reported attempting to quit vaping because of COVID-19. Most people reported smoking the same amount inside the home. Conclusions: In a representative sample of the adult population in England, current smokers and long-term ex-smokers had higher odds of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection than never smokers, but there were no large differences by NRT or e-cigarette use. In general, engagement in hand washing was high regardless of nicotine or tobacco use. A minority of past-year smokers and current e-cigarette users, respectively, attempted to quit smoking/vaping due to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20142661 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20142661 id: cord-299999-jra1yu6a author: Tattar, R. title: COVID PDPs date: 2020-05-22 words: 1630.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299999-jra1yu6a.txt summary: However, a structure needs to be developed to account for the disruption in training COVID-19 has caused and facilitate the progression of the trainees without compromising the quality and integrity of the respected specialities. The New England Journal of Medicine case report of the first COVID-19 patient in the USA detected high SARS-CoV-2 viral load in their stool sample. At present, PDPs are not a routine part of the undergraduate curricula 3 and as such, newly qualified dentists will be faced with the new challenge of having to proactively plan their CPD to fulfil outstanding competencies from their current training course. Whilst CPD cycles are five years, the need to complete certain key foundation skills to ensure adequate competence and baseline knowledge to facilitate progression through postgraduate training pathways will result in trainees having to meet such objectives sooner. Urgent dental care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1696-2 doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1696-2 id: cord-331165-2yn1n3eq author: Tauben, David J. title: Optimizing telehealth pain care after COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 5918.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331165-2yn1n3eq.txt summary: These changes have afforded an opportunity to develop new ways of operating and a glimpse of how life could be for pain services under a "new normal." 81 Importantly, telehealth has the potential to transform pain management, particularly for those with complex pain care needs living remotely from pain facilities or in low-resource settings, removing barriers to multidisciplinary pain management delivered in a collaborative, interdisciplinary way-the optimal treatment approach for chronic pain. 19 Based on telehealth''s demonstrated ability to improve access, collect and interpret health data, and provide educational consultative support for care by multiple medical disciplines, and considering the recent surge in implementation, there may be a case for a more permanent response beyond COVID-19. 77 At our institution (UW) pre-COVID, a pain management telehealth intervention was implemented in collaboration with state health agencies to directly address community primary care prescriber queries through an E-Health telephonic "hotline." 91 Calls are answered by a specialty-trained pain management pharmacist, supported by a pain medicine physician when needed. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002048 doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002048 id: cord-333998-z2zahfv9 author: Taxbro, Knut title: Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-02 words: 2022.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333998-z2zahfv9.txt summary: Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later and were suspected after noticing discolouration of the urine and a marked increase in plasma myoglobin levels. In addition to the coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome, he was diagnosed with possible SARS-CoV-2-induced myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. 1 2 Little is known about rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of the COVID-19 infection in the intensive care setting. 5 Due to a scarcity of reports available on the subject, we decided to present the symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course and treatment of a patient in intensive care who developed severe rhabdomyolysis and AKI during the course of the COVID-19 infection. ► Acute renal failure appears to be common in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care, and rhabdomyolysis could be a contributing factor to this. abstract: We report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with fever, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, dry cough, breathlessness and abdominal pain. He was admitted due to hypoxaemia and was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 and was subsequently referred to the intensive care unit for intubation and mechanical ventilation. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury developed 4 days later and were suspected after noticing discolouration of the urine and a marked increase in plasma myoglobin levels. Treatment included hydration, forced diuresis and continuous renal replacement therapy. In addition to the coronavirus disease acute respiratory distress syndrome, he was diagnosed with possible SARS-CoV-2-induced myositis with severe rhabdomyolysis and kidney failure. The patient survived and was discharged from intensive care after 12 days, returning home 23 days after hospitalisation, fully mobilised with a partially restored kidney function. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237616 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237616 id: cord-285820-g8b7u3yf author: Taxonera, Carlos title: Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on Patient-Reported Experience Measures date: 2020-08-19 words: 2788.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285820-g8b7u3yf.txt summary: We evaluated the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations to manage IBD outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 8, 9 The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate satisfaction of patients with telephone consultations. 10 Here, we report the outcomes and patient perception of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to remote telephone consultations to improve care of outpatients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a global telemedicine survey among gastroenterologists by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) demonstrated the shift from face-to face clinics to remote telemedicine during COVID-19, with telephone consultations increasing the most, currently accounting for over half of all IBD visits. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a clinical situation that could be used as prototype for implementation of new systems of care. METHODS: This was a single-center, cross-sectional study. We evaluated the feasibility of a strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations to manage IBD outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 4-item telephone survey (3 closed questions and a 100-point numeric description scale) was conducted to evaluate satisfaction of patients with telephone consultations. RESULTS: Between March 11 and April 8, 2020, 98% of the 216 scheduled face-to-face visits could be converted to telephone consultations, and we resolved an additional 162 urgent consultations by telephone. The rate of IBD-related hospitalization and visits to the emergency department decreased by 50% and 58%, respectively, compared with rates in the same period the previous year. The 4-item survey was conducted in 171 outpatients. In closed questions, patients reported a very high degree of satisfaction with telephone consultations, with no differences between scheduled (n = 123) and urgent consultations (n = 48; P = NS). The overall satisfaction rating with the telephone consultation evaluated with the numerical description scale was 94% and 93% for scheduled and urgent consultations, respectively (P < 0.82). Less than 20% of patients would have preferred a face-to-face visit to the telephone consultation at the time. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy based on the conversion of face-to-face visits to telephone consultations was able to guarantee a minimum standard quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients reported a very high degree of satisfaction with telephone consultations. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa223 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa223 id: cord-104426-qz8pffei author: Tay, K title: COVID-19 in Singapore and Malaysia: Rising to the Challenges of Orthopaedic Practice in an Evolving Pandemic date: 2020-04-07 words: 4518.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104426-qz8pffei.txt summary: Based on the principle of complete segregation and in accordance to "Disease Outbreak Response System Condition" (DORSON) Orange 20 directive to prevent potential cross contamination between healthcare workers, the operating theatre (OT) team was segregated into two separate sub-groups; two teams to deal with acute trauma cases and one team for urgent spine surgeries. • Cutting down non-essential workload such as patients on long term follow-up or conservative management 26 • Limiting ourselves to urgent care such as trauma, infection, acute spine emergencies and tumour referrals • Allowing for off-site prescription top-ups, extension of medical leave and correspondences for whatever indications As the Outpatient services can be exposed to patients from various sources, a strict screening protocol in accordance to existing Singapore Ministry of Health guidelines covering travel histories, contact histories, and coryzal symptoms were taken before admittance to the Outpatient clinic. abstract: With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases and related deaths worldwide, we decided to share the development of this condition in Singapore and Malaysia. First few cases were diagnosed in the two countries at the end of January 2020, and the numbers have surged to thousands by end of March 2020. We will focus on strategies adopted by the government and also the Orthopaedic community of the two countries up till the beginning of April 2020. We hope that by sharing of relevant information and knowledge on how we are managing the COVID-19 condition, we can help other communities, and health care workers to more effectively overcome this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169474/ doi: nan id: cord-341389-1o0ey67l author: Tay, Kiang Hiong title: Reconfiguring the radiology leadership team for crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore date: 2020-08-11 words: 3692.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341389-1o0ey67l.txt summary: This paper shares how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a smaller disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The DOTF format is modelled after the military with domain groups looking at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters on a daily basis so that timely decisions can be made and action plans executed promptly. We share how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The division management committee, responsible for the day to day operations, is made up of key appointment holders of the departments and imaging modalities (General Radiography, CT, MRI, Ultrasound, Mammography, Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine) as well as leaders for nursing, radiography, support staff, administration, logistics, quality management, imaging informatics, and service development. abstract: ABSTRACT: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak poses a serious public health risk. To date, the disease has affected almost all countries in the world. The enormous scale of the outbreak and the relative lack of knowledge and information regarding a new virus, as well as the unpredictability of events, make it challenging for leadership teams to respond. This paper shares how we have reconfigured our radiology leadership team into a smaller disease outbreak task force (DOTF) to respond and coordinate all related efforts during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The DOTF format is modelled after the military with domain groups looking at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters on a daily basis so that timely decisions can be made and action plans executed promptly. In managing the DOTF, discipline, flexibility, and teamwork are key principles, and these are built upon a strong foundation of focus on infection prevention and control, and patient and staff safety as well as staff well-being. The DOTF has positioned us well to confront the many challenges to date. We believe it will also help us navigate the complex issues that will arise with future surges in cases and in formulating strategies to manage exit from the present and future lockdowns. KEY POINTS: • In a pandemic, regular and directed meetings by a smaller leadership core group are required, for prompt decision making and execution of action plans. • The military format, with domain groups to look at manpower, intelligence, operations, and logistics matters, is useful in managing a pandemic. • Discipline, flexibility, and teamwork with strong focus on infection prevention and control, and patient and staff safety as well as staff well-being are key principles for leadership teams managing a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780206/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07116-w id: cord-274841-rcdoewwv author: Tay, Matthew Zirui title: The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention date: 2020-04-28 words: 7186.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274841-rcdoewwv.txt summary: Monoclonal antibodies targeting the When severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells expressing the surface receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2, the active replication and release of the virus cause the host cell to undergo pyroptosis and release damageassociated molecular patterns, including ATP, nucleic acids and ASC oligomers. While there are no clinical trials specifically testing these drugs against COVID-19 at the time of writing, when camostat mesylate was tested on SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient, it prevented entry of the virus into lung cells 44, 50 . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeat-derived peptides T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Nature reviews | Immunology coronavirus infection abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression. From nascent reports describing SARS-CoV-2, we make inferences on the basis of the parallel pathophysiological and immunological features of the other human coronaviruses targeting the lower respiratory tract — severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Finally, we highlight the implications of these approaches for potential therapeutic interventions that target viral infection and/or immunoregulation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32346093/ doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8 id: cord-277528-t0tglg0a author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date: 2020-08-18 words: 3253.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt summary: title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals'' risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. It is important to put into context how SIT and SGH prepared the students for the 57 challenges and designed strategies for safe resumption of clinical placements. This 80 communique was developed for all SIT Health and Social Science (HSS) students in 81 preparation for their clinical placement resumption and had all elements of risk control 82 measures for students'' compliance. SIT and SGH have collaborated in 304 many aspects of clinical placements, namely managing students'' well-being, meeting 305 learning outcomes and adhering to national and HCIs'' risk control measures through the use 306 abstract: Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the suspension of clinical training for undergraduate radiography students in Singapore. Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals’ risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. Methods Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) and the Radiology Department of Singapore General Hospital (SGH) had collaborated to meet requirements for safe resumption of clinical placements. SIT prepared students by emphasising compliance to all risk measures, addressing concerns of risk transmission, meeting learning objectives, and reassessing infection control competencies. In tandem, SGH prepared an orientation program and used technology for open communication among faculty, clinical educators and students which included monitoring of well-being and rapid dissemination of updates. Of note, SGH reorganised operating procedures and physical spaces to meet national standards of safe physical distancing, restricted movement between treatment areas and teams, and rosters to remain committed to the supervision and education of students. Results Clinical placements resumed 3 months following suspension. Clinical educators faced the challenge of the need for balance between increasing clinical load and student supervision. A solution was frequent engagement and support by faculty, with educators and students via video conferencing platforms. Students’ well-being was frequently checked. There was less variation in cases which simulation training made up for some of the learning objectives. Conclusion Adaptation and commitment to continue active and quality clinical education while ensuring students' safety were vital during a pandemic. Clinical training within stringent precautionary measures may shape the era of the new norm. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1939865420302241?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.012 id: cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 2532.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt summary: Like nursing, midwifery and many allied health education programmes, clinical training is an important cornerstone of radiographer education -equipping students to safely and competently transit into complex healthcare environments 6, 7 . However, as all the overseas students were selffinanced, the potential of additional emotional and psychological challenges had to be considered 12 One of the ways of support for the clinical educators came in the form of encouragement from notes of appreciation and gifts from the public, and the hospital senior managements to all frontline heroes -showing how much their efforts were valued through these gestures of care and appreciation. Indeed, these characteristics of Generation Z students will certainly affect how clinical educators provide education in the COVID-19 pandemic. With the new ratio, clinical educators were able to provide the students with more guidance, frequent immediate feedback and encouragement to learn from their mistakes -meeting the Generation Z students'' learner perspectives [36] [37] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.004 id: cord-314006-fz1ckclm author: Taylor, C. Barr title: Digital technology can revolutionize mental health services delivery: The COVID‐19 crisis as a catalyst for change date: 2020-05-25 words: 1877.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314006-fz1ckclm.txt summary: In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID‐19. These tools are efficacious for many mental health problems including eating disorders (Carlbring, Andersson, Cuijpers, Riper, & Hedman-Lagerlof, 2018; Taylor, Graham, Flatt, & Fitzsimmons-Craft, in press) , and offer the advantage of providing relatively easy access to services typically at lower cost compared to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy. In this commentary, we aim to extend the excellent recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues, to present a roadmap of the systems-and policy-level requirements that are needed to facilitate the widespread adoption and implementation of digital mental health interventions in routine care. Therapists are rapidly having to teach themselves how to not only use the technology required but also how the therapy itself might need to change in response to digital delivery. abstract: The unprecedented COVID‐19 crisis presents an imperative for mental health care systems to make digital mental health interventions a routine part of care. Already because of COVID‐19, many therapists have rapidly moved to using telehealth in place of in‐person contact. In response to this shift, Waller and colleagues compiled a series of expert recommendations to help clinicians pivot to delivering teletherapy to address eating disorders during COVID‐19. However, numerous barriers still impede widespread adoption and implementation of digital interventions. In this commentary, we aim to extend the recommendations for clinicians offered by Waller and colleagues by presenting a roadmap of the systems‐ and policy‐level requirements that are needed. We advocate for addressing barriers associated with training, licensing, safety, privacy, payment, and evaluation, as these factors have greatly limited use of these promising interventions. We also indicate that longer‐term goals should include introducing truly innovative digital mental health practices, such as stepped‐care models and simultaneously providing preventive and self‐management services in addition to clinical services, into the health care system. Now is the time to catalyze change and comprehensively address the barriers that have prevented widespread delivery of these efficacious digital services to the millions of people who would benefit. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32449523/ doi: 10.1002/eat.23300 id: cord-102456-6jt4ksha author: Taylor-Cousar, Jennifer L. title: How I Do It: Restarting Respiratory Clinical Research in the Era of the COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-13 words: 4068.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102456-6jt4ksha.txt summary: However, now that we have navigated the initial surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases, many are considering how to reintroduce non-COVID-19 clinical research conduct while protecting participants, staff and ensuring data integrity. Here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming clinical research including observational research, registry trials, and interventional trials, as well as potential data confounding related to COVID-19 infections that are important to consider as research studies restart and data are analyzed. In the spirit of "Do No Harm", it is critical that institutional policies and processes are in place to ensure that there is no significant additional risk of contracting viral respiratory or other infections in the normal course of participation in research studies; now during the COVID-19 pandemic, these principles are even more critical. Throughout the subject''s participation in clinical research during the pandemic, she expressed her appreciation for the opportunity to continue in the study from which she believed she was benefiting, with minimal risk of exposure to infection from SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The clinical research we do to improve our understanding of disease and development of new therapies has temporarily been paused or delayed as the global healthcare enterprise has focused its attention on those impacted by COVID-19. While rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection are decreasing in many areas, many locations continue to have a high prevalence of infection. Nonetheless, research must continue and institutions are considering approaches to re-starting non-COVID related clinical investigation. Those restarting respiratory research must navigate the added planning challenges that take into account outcome measures that require aerosol generating procedures. Such procedures potentially increase risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to research staff, utilize limited personal protective equipment, and require conduct in negative pressure rooms. One must also be prepared to address the potential for COVID-19 resurgence. With research subject and staff safety and maintenance of clinical trial data integrity as the guiding principles, here we review key considerations and suggest a step-wise approach for resuming respiratory clinical research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0012369220351400 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.001 id: cord-343008-y2pt43am author: Tee, Cherica A title: Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus date: 2020-09-22 words: 3905.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343008-y2pt43am.txt summary: title: Psychological State and Associated Factors During the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Among Filipinos with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus The online survey collected data on socio-demographics, health status, contact history, health service utilization, use of hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 knowledge and concerns, precautionary measures, information needs, the validated Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) ratings. People with autoimmune systemic connective tissue diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus are perceived to be vulnerable and at an increased risk of contracting severe COVID-19 illness because of their immunocompromised status, chronic state of inflammation, predisposition to flare when exposed to any forms of stress, and use of immunosuppressive medicines. 12 To date, there are no studies on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematosus who belong to the perceived vulnerable groups within society. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are perceived to be more vulnerable to worse COVID-19 infection outcome. Furthermore, severe shortage in hydroxychloroquine supply was experienced. OBJECTIVE: We presented the psychological responses of Filipino SLE and RA patients to the COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of hydroxychloroquine supply. METHODS: A total of 512 completed online surveys from SLE and RA patients were gathered from May 19 to 26, 2020. The online survey collected data on socio-demographics, health status, contact history, health service utilization, use of hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 knowledge and concerns, precautionary measures, information needs, the validated Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) ratings. RESULTS: The psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak was at least moderate in 20%. The mean IES-R score was higher among SLE (22.34, SD=14.39) than RA (18.85, SD=13.24) patients. Stress, anxiety and depression were moderate to severe in 12.3%, 38.7%, and 27.7% of respondents. The mean stress subscale score was 10.11 (SD=7.95), mean anxiety subscale score was 6.79 (SD=6.57) and mean depression subscale score was 9.03 (SD=8.77). The risk factors for adverse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic include the presence of comorbidity of hypertension and asthma; being a healthcare worker; and presence of specific symptoms of myalgia, cough, breathing difficulty, dizziness and sore throat. The protective factors for mental health during the pandemic include satisfaction with available health information and wearing of face masks. CONCLUSION: In the third month of the pandemic in the Philippines, 20% of the respondents with lupus and RA experienced moderate to severe psychological impact. There was moderate to severe anxiety in 38.7% and moderate to severe depression in 27%. Identification of factors that affect mental health in lupus and RA is useful in implementation of effective psychological support strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/oarrr.s269889 doi: 10.2147/oarrr.s269889 id: cord-338857-9zbtngje author: Tee, Louis Yunshou title: Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia date: 2020-07-08 words: 998.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338857-9zbtngje.txt summary: title: Atypical Presentation of COVID‐19 in an Older Adult: Lethargy and Vomiting from Severe Hypovolemic Hyponatremia The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately affects older adults, who suffer from more severe infections and higher mortality rates [1] [2] [3] . Importantly, COVID-19 infections in older adults may present with atypical symptoms, posing a diagnostic challenge. For instance, COVID-19 can manifest in older patients as delirium or falls, without fever or respiratory symptoms 6, 7 . Here, we describe an older patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with lethargy and vomiting contributed by severe hypovolemic hyponatremia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a COVID-19 infection that presented with lethargy and vomiting contributed by severe hypovolemic hyponatremia. Moreover, this case highlights that, particularly in older persons, COVID-19 infections may have atypical presentations 2,3 . Typically Atypical: COVID-19 Presenting as a Fall in an Older Adult abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32639064/ doi: 10.1111/ggi.13990 id: cord-347404-nv70mlae author: Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. title: Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment of COVID-19 in India date: 2020-04-15 words: 955.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347404-nv70mlae.txt summary: One postexposure prophylaxis, convalescent (immune) plasma (CP), has shown some success in China and previously in the cure and therapy of other coronaviruses, SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Drawn from current patients who are infected with COVID-19, its CP (human anti–SARS-CoV-2 plasma) might be one way to modulate the infectivity of this virus or its effects postinfection. Lessons learned thus far from the largest outbreaks of this pandemic in China, the US, Italy, and Spain reveal that there is still no cure, although several possible drugs and novel agents, which have not been clinically tested, are available through compassionate use, or as repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating pharmacotherapies. 4 In China, five critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 (also with acute respiratory distress syndrome) received a transfusion of SARS-CoV-2especific IgG (binding titer > 1:1000; neutralization titer > 40) 10e22 days after admission. abstract: In India, SARS-CoV-2 virus–induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already infected close to 5500 people, causing the death of 164. While these numbers are not comparable with values observed for the USA, Italy, or Spain, given the population of India, and the fact that the pandemic is now in an exponential stage of growth, the risks of a contagion that affects a large sector of the Indian population are real. There are no current effective strategies to prevent the spread, other than minimizing contact through social distancing, while no fully effective drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 exist, although several candidate drugs and repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating pharmacotherapies are being tested or in compassionate use. One postexposure prophylaxis, convalescent (immune) plasma (CP), has shown some success in China and previously in the cure and therapy of other coronaviruses, SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Drawn from current patients who are infected with COVID-19, its CP (human anti–SARS-CoV-2 plasma) might be one way to modulate the infectivity of this virus or its effects postinfection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.006 doi: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.006 id: cord-274778-wds40e6i author: Tejedor, Santiago title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers’ Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy date: 2020-08-31 words: 7822.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274778-wds40e6i.txt summary: title: Information on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Newspapers'' Front Pages: Case Study of Spain and Italy The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy''s Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Based on the trust placed on the printed media-as the most credible and rigorous media-this research analyzes a total of 72 front pages of the main daily newspapers in Spain and Italy (36 each) . The research, based on previous studies [33] , analyzes a total of 710 news items extracted from 72 front pages of the four main daily newspapers of Spain and Italy (36 per country). Nonetheless, while in Spain it occupies 62% of the front page; in Italy COVID-19 related pieces cover a striking 80% of the information (see Figure 9 ). abstract: Spain and Italy are amongst the European countries where the COVID-19 pandemic has produced its major impact and where lockdown measures have been the harshest. This research aims at understanding how the corona crisis has been represented in Spanish and Italian media, focusing on reference newspapers. The study analyzes 72 front pages of El País and El Mundo in Spain and Italy’s Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica, collecting 710 news items and 3456 data evidences employing a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative) based on content analysis and hemerographic analysis. Results show a predominance of informative journalistic genres (especially brief and news), while the visual framing emerging from the photographic choice, tend to foster humanization through an emotional representation of the pandemic. Politicians are the most represented actors, showing a high degree of politicization of the crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878092/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176330 id: cord-261174-jws90odd author: Tekbali, Asma title: Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date: 2020-04-15 words: 145.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261174-jws90odd.txt summary: key: cord-261174-jws90odd authors: Tekbali, Asma; Grünebaum, Amos; Saraya, Abraham; McCullough, Laurence; Bornstein, Eran; Chervenak, Frank A. title: Pregnant versus non-pregnant SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Hospital Admissions: The first 4 weeks in New York date: 2020-04-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.012 sha: doc_id: 261174 cord_uid: jws90odd nan The authors report no conflict of interest. On March 2, 2020 the New York Times reported that a Manhattan woman was the Subjects were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 on admission, during the hospital stay, 33 or postpartum. The IRB determined that this study did not meet the definition of 34 human subject research and that, therefore, no IRB review was required. COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians 84 need to know COVID-19) Pandemic and Pregnancy COVID-19 in pregnant women. Management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 The Lancet Infectious Diseases The Lancet Infectious Diseases abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.012 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.012 id: cord-312969-r8vt2i2z author: Temgoua, Mazou Ngou title: COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? date: 2020-04-29 words: 866.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312969-r8vt2i2z.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death? Several studies have shown that patients who are at increased risk of death are those with cardiovascular risk factors like: age >60years, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and people with history of chronic respiratory disease, pregnant women and cancer [3] [4] [5] . In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), like all over the world, there is an increased spread of the COVID-19 [9] and high burden of cardiovascular diseases [10] ; but until now there is no political strategy to screen systematically patients with cardiovascular risk factors for early management. In LMICs there is an urgent need to target patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular diseases for earlier screening of COVID-19 and better managment of these patients in order to prevent death linked to the virus. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is an emergent cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism is highly suspected as a leading cause of death in these patients through vascular inflammation caused by SARS COV2. Until now there is no real treatment of COVID-19 and many proposed drugs are under clinical trials. Considering the high incidence of thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19, prevention of this disorder should be essential in order to reduce mortality in these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.22947 doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.22947 id: cord-344566-r75o7ips author: Temiz, Selami Aykut title: Evaluation Of Dermatology Consultations In The Era Of COVID19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 1925.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344566-r75o7ips.txt summary: The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P = 0.001). In our study, we wanted to evaluate the features such as how dermatology consultations were affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is well established in our daily practice, features of the patients consulted, and skin findings in patients with suspected disease. The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (p=0.001). With respect to the dermatology consultations in the pre-pandemic literature, it was found that a skin biopsy was performed on 4-13% of the patients (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) . Analysis of Consultation Cases Referred from Pediatrics Department to Dermatology Outpatient Clinic: Retrospective Study abstract: It has been reported that dermatology practices may be a vector for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission and elective cases should be postponed during the pandemic period. In this context, studies on the change of patient profile in Dermatology outpatient clinic have been conducted. However, there was no study in the literature about dermatology consultations during the pandemic period. 147 Dermatology consultation cases in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic between March 11, 2020 and May 4, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. 24 patients (16.3%) had suspicion and signs of COVID during consultation (fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc.). 9 (37.5%) of these patients also had accompanying COVID‐19 skin lesions (2 urticarial lesions, 2 livedo and necrosis, 2 maculopapular eruption, 2 vesicular rashes, 1 pseudo‐chilblain). The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID‐19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P = 0.001). 2 (1.4%) of these patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 confirmed by PCR within 2 weeks. We acknowledge that daily practice changes frequently during this period, but still our study provides a perspective to other dermatology clinics in terms of the requested dermatology consultations during the pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441360/ doi: 10.1111/dth.13642 id: cord-337917-vvvo5t4h author: Tempe, Dr. Deepak K. title: Challenges in Preparing and managing the critical care services for a large urban area during COVID-19 outbreak: Perspective from Delhi date: 2020-05-26 words: 3390.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337917-vvvo5t4h.txt summary: This article describes the measures taken and challenges faced in creating the ICU beds to cater to the anticipated load of patients in the state of Delhi, India. The main challenges faced among others were, estimating the number of ICU beds to be created; deciding the dedicated Covid hospitals; procurement of ventilators, personal protection equipment and other related material; mobilizing the human resource and their training; and providing isolated in-house accommodation to the staff on duty. 5 It was a challenging task to estimate the numbers and after deliberating on various aspects, it was proposed that there is a need to be prepared for at least 3000 ICU beds with ventilation facility in Delhi. With this background, a comprehensive plan of requirements for all the aspects of providing care to the Covid-19 patients including among others, infrastructure, equipment, disposables, medicines, human resource and several others was planned, DKT agreed to be the nodal officer for training and supervising the facilities in the ICU services at Delhi government hospitals. abstract: Abstract The Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has put the healthcare services all over the world into a challenging situation. The contagious nature of the disease and the respiratory failure necessitating ventilatory care of these patients has put extra burden on the intensive care unit (ICU) services. India has been no exception and by March 2020, the number of covid-19 patients started increasing in India. This article describes the measures taken and challenges faced in creating the ICU beds to cater to the anticipated load of patients in the state of Delhi, India. The main challenges faced among others were, estimating the number of ICU beds to be created; deciding the dedicated Covid hospitals; procurement of ventilators, personal protection equipment and other related material; mobilizing the human resource and their training; and providing isolated in-house accommodation to the staff on duty. The authors acknowledge and agree that the methodology proposed in this article is, but one way of dealing with this difficulty scenario, and that there could be other, perhaps better methods of dealing with such a problem. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1053077020304894 doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.028 id: cord-354474-hbl2ywix author: Temsah, M. H. title: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-08-28 words: 4146.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354474-hbl2ywix.txt summary: As the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to occur in small outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare worry levels with previous findings during the MERS-CoV outbreak in 2015. To further understand the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of HCWs during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is particularly beneficial to obtain their input, especially in an area of the world where other respiratory viral illnesses are either endemic, such as MERS-CoV, or seasonal, such as influenza. The perceived adequacy of knowledge, hygienic practice changes and HCW attitudes toward infection control measures were assessed using a series of Likert-based questions (Supplementary Tables S2-S4 ). The level of knowledge of HCWs toward viral infection outbreaks during the current COVID-19 pandemic are much higher compared to the previous study conducted in the same institution during MERS-CoV a few years ago [15] . abstract: As the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to occur in small outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare worry levels with previous findings during the MERS-CoV outbreak in 2015. We sent an adapted version of our previously published MERS-CoV questionnaire to the same cohort of HCWs at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. About 40% of our sample had previous experience with confirmed or suspected MERS-CoV patients, and those had a significantly higher knowledge score (13.16 ± 2.02 vs. 12.58 ± 2.27, P = 0.002) and higher adherence to protective hygienic practices (2.95 ± 0.80 vs. 2.74 ± 0.92, P = 0.003). The knowledge scores on COVID-19 were higher in the current cohort than the previous MERS-CoV outbreak cohort (68% vs. 79.7%, P < 0.001). HCWs from the current cohort who felt greater anxiety from COVID-19 compared to MERS-CoV were less likely to have been exposed to MERS-CoV infected/suspected cases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.646, P = 0.042) and were less likely to have attended the hospital awareness campaign on COVID-19 (OR = 0.654, P = 0.035). We concluded that previous experience with MERS-CoV was associated with increased knowledge and adherence to protective hygienic practices, and reduction of anxiety towards COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001958 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001958 id: cord-313082-n3bo9jw1 author: Tenenbein, Paul title: The case for routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 before surgery date: 2020-06-03 words: 3816.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313082-n3bo9jw1.txt summary: Herein, we focus on one specific aspect of this question, namely whether all surgical patients should, in addition to detailed clinical screening (i.e., exposure risk and symptoms) for COVID-19, undergo routine preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swabbing and nucleicacid-based testing. Dans cet éditorial, nous nous intéressons à un aspect en particulier de cette question : faudrait-il faire passer un test préopératoire systématique pour dépister le SARS-CoV-2 à l''aide d''un écouvillon nasopharyngé et d''un test d''amplification des acides nucléiques à tous les patients chirurgicaux, en plus du dépistage clinique détaillé (c.-à-d. É tant donné le risque que la COVID-19 pose aux patients chirurgicaux, il est conseillé de remettre toute intervention qui peut être retardée en toute sécurité ou d''envisager des options thérapeutiques non chirurgicales, le cas échéant, pour tout patient positif au SARS-CoV-2. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495121/ doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01730-4 id: cord-289719-64ugdvfe author: Tenforde, Mark W. title: Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 — 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March–May 2020 date: 2020-07-03 words: 3166.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289719-64ugdvfe.txt summary: During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. To explore the spectrum of illness across health care settings and potential community SARS-CoV-2 exposures after issuance of national social distancing guidelines on March 16, 2020 (4), 11 academic medical centers in nine states conducted telephone-based surveys of a sample of patients with positive SARS-COV-2 test results during April 15-May 24, 2020 (testing dates = March 31-May 10, 2020). abstract: Descriptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States have focused primarily on hospitalized patients. Reports documenting exposures to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, have generally been described within congregate settings, such as meat and poultry processing plants (1) and long-term care facilities (2). Understanding individual behaviors and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and risks for severe illness requiring hospitalization can inform efforts to reduce transmission. During April 15-May 24, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 in outpatient and inpatient settings at 11 U.S. academic medical centers in nine states. Respondents were contacted 14-21 days after SARS-CoV-2 testing and asked about their demographic characteristics, underlying chronic conditions, symptoms experienced on the date of testing, and potential exposures to SARS-CoV-2 during the 2 weeks before illness onset (or the date of testing among those who did not report symptoms at the time of testing). Among 350 interviewed patients (271 [77%] outpatients and 79 [23%] inpatients), inpatients were older, more likely to be Hispanic and to report dyspnea than outpatients. Fewer inpatients (39%, 20 of 51) reported a return to baseline level of health at 14-21 days than did outpatients (64%, 150 of 233) (p = 0.001). Overall, approximately one half (46%) of patients reported known close contact with someone with COVID-19 during the preceding 2 weeks. This was most commonly a family member (45%) or a work colleague (34%). Approximately two thirds (64%, 212 of 333) of participants were employed; only 35 of 209 (17%) were able to telework. These findings highlight the need for screening, case investigation, contact tracing, and isolation of infected persons to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during periods of community transmission. The need for enhanced measures to ensure workplace safety, including ensuring social distancing and more widespread use of cloth face coverings, are warranted (3). url: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e3 doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e3 id: cord-290863-f0wpsaip author: Tenforde, Mark W. title: Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020 date: 2020-07-31 words: 2969.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290863-f0wpsaip.txt summary: During April 15-June 25, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at an outpatient visit at one of 14 U.S. academic health care systems in 13 states. During April 15-June 25, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at an outpatient visit at one of 14 U.S. academic health care systems in 13 states. At 14-21 days from the test date, CDC personnel interviewed the randomly sampled patients or their proxies by telephone to obtain self-reported baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and underlying health information, including the presence of chronic medical conditions. abstract: Prolonged symptom duration and disability are common in adults hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Characterizing return to baseline health among outpatients with milder COVID-19 illness is important for understanding the full spectrum of COVID-19-associated illness and tailoring public health messaging, interventions, and policy. During April 15-June 25, 2020, telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of adults aged ≥18 years who had a first positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at an outpatient visit at one of 14 U.S. academic health care systems in 13 states. Interviews were conducted 14-21 days after the test date. Respondents were asked about demographic characteristics, baseline chronic medical conditions, symptoms present at the time of testing, whether those symptoms had resolved by the interview date, and whether they had returned to their usual state of health at the time of interview. Among 292 respondents, 94% (274) reported experiencing one or more symptoms at the time of testing; 35% of these symptomatic respondents reported not having returned to their usual state of health by the date of the interview (median = 16 days from testing date), including 26% among those aged 18-34 years, 32% among those aged 35-49 years, and 47% among those aged ≥50 years. Among respondents reporting cough, fatigue, or shortness of breath at the time of testing, 43%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, continued to experience these symptoms at the time of the interview. These findings indicate that COVID-19 can result in prolonged illness even among persons with milder outpatient illness, including young adults. Effective public health messaging targeting these groups is warranted. Preventative measures, including social distancing, frequent handwashing, and the consistent and correct use of face coverings in public, should be strongly encouraged to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32730238/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930e1 id: cord-290653-48swl1aq author: Teng, Margaret title: Endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of infection control measures and practical application date: 2020-09-16 words: 2772.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290653-48swl1aq.txt summary: Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. AGA/DHPA propose to resume elective endoscopic procedures when Inpatient urgent cases are done on a case-to-case basis; Outpatient elective non-urgent cases are reviewed by physician in charge -proceed with cases with suspected significant or time-specific diagnosis, reschedule all other cases; Direct access endoscopy is suspended; Prior to endoscopy: Pre-screen patients for history of fever or upper respiratory tract symptoms (cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea), significant contact and travel history, or if they have been issued a home quarantine order or stay home notice; This includes patients who have family members or close contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case, and patients with recent travel to high risk countries in the past 14 d. abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has affected more than 4.5 million people in 213 countries, and has been declared a pandemic by World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur primarily through direct contact or droplets. There have also been reports that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in biopsy and stool specimens, and it has been postulated that there is potential for fecal–oral transmission as well. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in 17.6% of COVID-19 patients and transmission can potentially occur through gastrointestinal secretions in this group of patients. Furthermore, transmission can also occur in asymptomatic carriers or patients with viral shedding during the incubation period. Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. This could result in inadvertent transmission of infection at time of endoscopy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32994856/ doi: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i9.256 id: cord-325324-kh2aal5n author: Teng, Shaolei title: ACE2 Enhance Viral Infection or Viral Infection Aggravate the Underlying Diseases date: 2020-08-06 words: 4403.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325324-kh2aal5n.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is cleaved by the human furin enzyme to generate S1, which binds to the host receptor, ACE-2. It is possible that the released free spike or the cleaved S1 protein in the blood might bind to cellular membrane ACE2 of heart, artery and alveolar lung cells to block the conversion of Angiotensin II to Ang-(1-7) and/or Angiotensin I to Ang-(1-9), which is consistent with a previous experimental result on SARS-CoV-1 (59) . Therefore, our hypothesis, as shown in the right side of Fig. 1 as "Viral aggravating existing diseases", is that comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are aggravated by the infection of SARS-CoV-2 to causes higher fatalities because the viral S protein interacts with ACE2 to inhibit ACE2 function. The claims that COVID-19 disproportionately affects the individuals of minority groups and aged people are not only supported by reported data but also by our hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection generates spike protein that interacts with ACE2 to either exhaust ACE2 or inhibit ACE2 function or both so that the comorbidities are aggravated (Figure 1 ). abstract: ACE2 plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection to cause COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to ACE2 and probably functionally inhibits ACE2 to aggravate the underlying diseases of COVID-19. The important factors that affect the severity and fatality of COVID-19 include patients' underlying diseases and ages. Therefore, particular care to the patients with underlying diseases is needed during the treatment of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32832038/ doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.002 id: cord-328987-ntu1wdzg author: Teng, Yi-Man title: Life or Livelihood? Mental Health Concerns for Quarantine Hotel Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-15 words: 2462.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328987-ntu1wdzg.txt summary: This article is more concerned about the new working situation, conditions, and mental health considerations for quarantine hotel staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this research are 2-fold: first, to demonstrate the specific changes to roles and workload for the quarantine hotel employees; and second, to protect the quarantine hotel employees'' mental health and provide recommendations for hoteliers in order to support their staff. In order to mitigate the potential negative impact of quarantine, fear of infection, and uncertainty on employees, hoteliers need to create a supportive environment in the workplace, for example, using online surveys to assess the scope of mental health problems and to observe the staffs'' psychological status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health concern of the quarantine staff who has faced unprecedented changes is undoubtedly necessary. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33041885/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02168 id: cord-348725-vksombro author: Teo, Leng Woon title: "Coping with COVID-19: perspectives of student radiographers" date: 2020-05-29 words: 2035.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348725-vksombro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348725-vksombro.txt summary: Publications about the impacts of COVID-19 on the modifications and precaution measures in clinical practice (as well as the concern/challenges about online teaching methods in radiography teaching) are widely available, yet writings on the radiography students'' perspective are lacking. With the rising number of unlinked cases of COVID-19 in Singapore, the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level was raised to Orange on February 7, 2020. Later, to further reduce the spread of COVID-19 transmission, the Singapore Government introduced the Circuit Breaker on April 7. Studies have shown the efficacy of combining e-learning with lecture-based curriculums, with increases in student satisfaction and learning rates (11, 12) . With home-based learning, everyone was studying at a different pace. Therefore, the removal of practical lessons and shortening of clinical placements delivered a huge blow to our learning. Comparison of the effect of lecture and blended teaching methods on students'' learning and satisfaction abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1939865420301351 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.05.004 id: cord-326852-gm98s8a3 author: Teo, Wan-Yee title: Implications for Border Containment Strategies when COVID-19 Presents Atypically date: 2020-07-24 words: 1964.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326852-gm98s8a3.txt summary: Conclusions An important global border control measure to implement quickly, will be to expand the symptom list to isolated sore throat, and/or a prior history of recent symptoms (resolved). Following the instructions on the information sheet from Singapore Global Network (a division in the Singapore Economic Development Board which broadens and deepens the overseas network of Singapore citizens) available online, 2 the patient and his family contacted the People''s Association (a government-supported statutory board to promote racial harmony and social cohesion in Singapore) to clarify the symptom of a resolved sore throat, and highlighted patient''s contact history with an Italy-returning medical student during a fencing sparring. Staff at People''s Association rapidly facilitated the patient to be picked up in a dedicated ambulance to National Center of Infection Disease, Singapore, where a chest x-ray done was normal, and the swab test was positive for COVID-19 (Day 8 of initial symptoms). abstract: Abstract Objectives For a large part of COVID-19 pandemic, Singapore had managed to keep local cases in the single digits daily, with decisive measures. Yet we saw this critical time point when the imported cases surged through our borders. The gaps which we can and have efficiently closed, using a public health approach and global border containment strategies, are aptly illustrated through this case. This critical point of imported case surge, has resulted in large spike of daily local cases sustained through community transmission, up to 120/day within a very short time frame. We were able to rapidly bring this under control. Study Design This is a case study of a patient who passed through our borders, with COVID-19 masquerading as a resolved sore throat. Methods The events were prospectively documented. Results We present a case of a 21 year-old student returning from Nottingham. He presented with sore throat as the only symptom the few days prior his return, and on arrival at our border (Day 7 from initial symptoms), his sore throat had already resolved. The events leading up to his COVID-19 diagnosis highlight the gaps of the international screening processes at the global border entry, and the potential consequences of community chain transmission through imported COVID-19 cases. Conclusions An important global border control measure to implement quickly, will be to expand the symptom list to isolated sore throat, and/or a prior history of recent symptoms (resolved). This may capture a larger proportion of imported cases at border entry point, for more effective containment. This piece will be equally relevant to the general physicians, emergency care physicians, otolaryngologists and anaesthetists, who are at higher risk of encountering a throat visualization during intubation and routine examination. This information can be useful to countries with low resources or insufficient COVID-19 testing kits. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350620303140 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.019 id: cord-345680-10phij1x author: Terpos, Evangelos title: Hematological findings and complications of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-23 words: 2691.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345680-10phij1x.txt summary: 19 It has also been reported that patients with severe disease and fatal outcomes present with a decreased lymphocyte/white blood cell ratio both in admission (P < .001) and during hospitalization (P < .001) compared with those who survived. 33 A retrospective study including 187 patients with COVID-19 from another hospital in Wuhan showed that patients with high troponin-T levels had leukocytosis (P < .001), increased neutrophils (P < .001) and decreased lymphocytes (P = .01). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study abstract: COVID‐19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Lymphopenia may be considered as a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and peak platelet/lymphocyte ratio may also have prognostic value in determining severe cases. During the disease course, longitudinal evaluation of lymphocyte count dynamics and inflammatory indices, including LDH, CRP and IL‐6 may help to identify cases with dismal prognosis and prompt intervention in order to improve outcomes. Biomarkers, such high serum procalcitonin and ferritin have also emerged as poor prognostic factors. Furthermore, blood hypercoagulability is common among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Elevated D‐Dimer levels are consistently reported, whereas their gradual increase during disease course is particularly associated with disease worsening. Other coagulation abnormalities such as PT and aPTT prolongation, fibrin degradation products increase, with severe thrombocytopenia lead to life‐threatening disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which necessitates continuous vigilance and prompt intervention. So, COVID‐19 infected patients, whether hospitalized or ambulatory, are at high risk for venous thromboembolism, and an early and prolonged pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is highly recommended. Last but not least, the need for assuring blood donations during the pandemic is also highlighted. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25829 doi: 10.1002/ajh.25829 id: cord-331065-tzvkj2rm author: Terracciano, Antonio title: Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 5692.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331065-tzvkj2rm.txt summary: The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults": The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. Experimental research found that when individuals are exposed to negative age-related information, they react by distancing themselves from their age-group and their chronological age, resulting in a younger subjective age (Weiss & Freund, 2012; Weiss & Lang, 2012 The primary scope of the study was to examine the trajectory of subjective age in the context of COVID-19 with longitudinal data from a nation-wide sample of Americans aged 18 to 100 years. We tested the five moderators (age, disease burden, negative expectations about aging, "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults", and stress) in one model that included data from the first two waves, the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 demographic covariates, and the main effects and interactions with time of the six variables. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine change in subjective age with the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Two competing hypotheses were tested: (a) people felt increasingly older due to the stress generated by the pandemic; (b) people felt increasingly younger due to psychological distancing from older age, a vulnerability to COVID-19. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An age and sex stratified sample of adults from across the United States (baseline N = 3,738) was assessed on three occasions: before the COVID-19 outbreak in late-January/early-February and during the outbreak in late-March and again in late-April. Multilevel modeling analysis examined change in subjective age and tested potential moderators of individual differences in the trajectory of subjective age. RESULTS: The average trajectory of subjective age followed a concave curve, with a nadir (feeling younger) during the second assessment in late-March. Older age, negative expectations about aging, absence of pre-existing conditions, and less stress during COVID-19 were associated with feeling younger but did not predict the rate of change. The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the “coronavirus is only a threat to older adults”: The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Subjective age changed during a global health crisis, with people feeling younger with the emergence COVID-19. The findings support the hypothesis that subjective age partly reflects a coping process of psychological distancing from older age, the age group most vulnerable to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa104 doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa104 id: cord-340298-0l4pec0z author: Terriau, A. title: Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model date: 2020-05-01 words: 3971.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340298-0l4pec0z.txt summary: title: Impact of virus testing on COVID-19 case fatality rate: estimate using a fixed-effects model Methods We use data on inpatients across French geographic areas and propose a novel methodology that exploits policy discontinuities at region borders to estimate the effect of COVID-19 tests on the case-fatality rate. Screening policies and mortality rate might be related to the fact that testing allows authorities to detect and isolate infected people and to prevent them from transmitting the virus; and also enables early treatment, thus increasing the chances of cure. We used a fixed-effects model to assess the impact of the number of tests performed over time at a local geographical level (department) on fatality-cases. Our strategy consisted in comparing all contiguous department pairs sharing a region border (See Figure 1 for an example) to identify the effect of testing on the case fatality rate. abstract: Background In response to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, governments have adopted a variety of public health measures. There are variations in how much testing has been done across countries. South Korea, Germany, and Iceland take the bet of massive testing of their population. Whereas tests were not performed widely in southern European countries. As the former undergo a lower case-fatality rate due to the COVID-19 than the latter, the impact of the testing strategy must be investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of testing on the case fatality rate. Methods We use data on inpatients across French geographic areas and propose a novel methodology that exploits policy discontinuities at region borders to estimate the effect of COVID-19 tests on the case-fatality rate. In France, testing policies are determined locally. We compare all contiguous department pairs located on the opposite sides of a region border. The heterogeneity in testing rate between department pairs together with the similarities in other dimensions allow us to mimic the existence of treatment and control groups and to identify the impact of testing on mortality. Results The increase of one percentage point in the test rate is associated with a decrease of 0.001 percentage point in the death rate. In other words, for each additional 1000 tests, one person would have remained alive. Conclusion Massive population testing could have a significant effect on mortality in different ways. Mass testing may help decision-makers to implement healthcare measures to limit the spread of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.26.20080531 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080531 id: cord-279846-g0ro8pbb author: Terrigno, Vittorio R title: Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient With COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 1056.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279846-g0ro8pbb.txt summary: We highlight the successful use of half-dose anticoagulation in the treatment of right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is a first reported case of right atrial thrombus in a COVID-19 patient who was treated successfully with half-dose anticoagulation. In another three-center retrospective study of 184 COVID-19 ICU patients from the Netherlands, the authors reported 31% incidence of thrombotic complications. Therefore, the true incidence is likely higher.Our case supports the need to think of initiating therapeutic anticoagulation early in the course of critically ill patients with COVID-19. In addition to this, our case also highlights the use of half-dose anticoagulation therapy to treat a right atrial thrombus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of right atrial thrombus in a COVID-19 patient that resolved with a half dose of thrombolytic therapy. We highlight the ability to treat a right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 with half-dose anticoagulation. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic. Evidence suggests a strong association between COVID-19 and pro-thrombotic states. We report our experience in managing a patient with COVID-19 complicated by a right atrial thrombus. We highlight the successful use of half-dose anticoagulation in the treatment of right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is a first reported case of right atrial thrombus in a COVID-19 patient who was treated successfully with half-dose anticoagulation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32864265/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9441 id: cord-343472-fd34ls35 author: Tersalvi, Gregorio title: Emerging evidence of myocardial injury in COVID-19: A path through the smoke date: 2020-08-02 words: 966.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343472-fd34ls35.txt summary: In a situation such as the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, where healthcare resources are placed under enormous stress, readily available tests such as this play an important role in helping clinicians identify patients at greater risk of developing severe forms of the disease, and should be included in the initial triage panel. Their value as prognostic markers in COVID-19 has been shown by several studies, since patients with higher troponin levels were more likely to be admitted to intensive care [8] and showed higher in-hospital mortality [2, 4, 6] . The Authors confirmed the known correlation between cardiac troponin and disease severity and showed a greater mortality in patients with elevated hs-cTnI levels. Given the accumulating evidence, a cardiac troponin assay should be included in the laboratory triage panel of patients with suspected of confirmed COVID-19, along with inflammatory and coagulation cascade activation markers (i.e. d-dimer), as it may help clinicians identify those who portend a higher risk of developing severe forms of the disease. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; hs-cTnI: high sensitivity cardiac troponin I. abstract: Although Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents primarily as a respiratory condition, a growing body of evidence shows it is a systemic disease. Recently, many authors have described myocardial damage in COVID-19, suggesting various pathophysiological mechanisms. In this issue, Cao et al. demonstrate the prognostic value of cardiac troponin I in patients with COVID-19, showing how even minor elevations in this molecule carry a great impact on patient mortality. In a situation such as the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, where healthcare resources are placed under enormous stress, readily available tests such as this play an important role in helping clinicians identify patients at greater risk of developing severe forms of the disease, and should be included in the initial triage panel. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.50788 doi: 10.7150/thno.50788 id: cord-350053-bgtl85mq author: Terzi, Francesca title: Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-06-04 words: 953.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350053-bgtl85mq.txt summary: We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) have an increased risk of severe complications from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 4, 5 Here, we present the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection complicated with IMH who underwent emergency surgery. 7 Our COVID-19 patient without cardiovascular risk factors complicated by IMH could intriguingly indicate IMH as another potential COVID-19 major vascular complication; the devastating systemic inflammatory response to COVID-19 infection with the typical "cytokine storm" could likely represent the underlying mechanism of the aortic wall damage. Evaluation of aortic wall inflammation in acute aortic intramural hematoma using FDG-PET/CT in relation to prognostic aorta-related outcome Prognostic value of sustained elevated C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute aortic intramural hematoma abstract: Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ominous infectious disease that seems capable to attack any organ system, leading in the most severe cases to patient death. COVID-19 has been associated with multiple cardiovascular complications of inflammatory and immune origin, leading to a wide spectrum of vascular damage, myocardial injury, stroke, and pulmonary obstruction. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713107 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1713107 id: cord-310868-rqmny4r2 author: Tesfaye, Wubshet title: How Do We Combat Bogus Medicines in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic? date: 2020-08-18 words: 2862.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310868-rqmny4r2.txt summary: 15 For the Global South, the pandemic exacerbates the existing proliferation of substandard and falsified medical products, and these trends are likely to continue as effective drugs continue to emerge from ongoing trials. The WHO defines substandard products as "authorized medical products that fail to meet quality standards or specifications, or both" and falsified products as "products that deliberately/ fraudulently misrepresent identity, composition, or source." 16 Considering less than 30% of regulatory agencies in the world can ensure the adequacy of medicines and vaccines, 17 pandemics of COVID-19 proportion would inevitably present enormous regulatory challenges. There is a risk that when the COVID-19 pandemic further spreads in LMICs, there will be an increased potential for the distribution of falsified and counterfeit medicines, something the international community needs to be alert to and work against. In meeting these needs, governments, pharmaceutical regulatory agencies, and associate supply chains must have practical and financially supported strategies to ensure quality-assured medicines are made available for the determined need. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought concurrent challenges. The increased incidence of fake and falsified product distribution is one of these problems with tremendous impact, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Up to a tenth of medicines including antibiotics and antimalarial drugs in the African market are considered falsified. Pandemics make this worse by creating an ecosystem of confusion, distraction, and vulnerability stemming from the pandemic as health systems become more stressed and the workload of individuals increased. These environments create opportunities for substandard and falsified medicines to be more easily introduced into the marketplace by unscrupulous operators. In this work we discuss some of the challenges with fake or falsified product distribution in the context of COVID-19 and proposed strategies to best manage this problem. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0903 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0903 id: cord-292508-unoeicq0 author: Teshome, Abinet title: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date: 2020-11-05 words: 4551.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt summary: These factors, together with the fear of being contagious and infecting others, physical exhaustion, inadequate personal equipment, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions on the rationing of care could increase the possibility of psychological issues among HCWs. 9,12-14 A study conducted in China reported that 13% of HCWs experienced anxiety during the fight against COVID-19. 15 Another study conducted on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore reported a 10.8% anxiety prevalence. The findings of this study are timely and would help the local program planners and policymakers to plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental psychological outcome of HCWs. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers working in Gamo, Gofa, Konso, and South Omo Zones of Southern Ethiopia from 20, May to 20, June 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the many groups of people who are in the frontline caring for people and facing heavy workloads, life-or-death decisions, risk of infection, and have been facing various psychosocial problems. So, monitoring mental health issues to understand the mediating factors and inform evidence-based interventions in a timely fashion is vital. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess generalized anxiety disorder and its associated factors among HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 798 HCWs from 20 May to 20 June 2020. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered KOBO collect survey tool was used to collect data. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique by allocating a proportion to each health institute. The association between the level of generalized anxiety disorder and its independent variables was examined by ordinal logistic regression. Assumptions for the proportional odds model were checked using parallel line tests. An adjusted proportional odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to calculate the strength of the statistical association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety disorder among HCWs was 29.3% and 6.3%, respectively. Contact with confirmed or suspected cases (aPOR =1.97; 95% CI: 1.239, 3.132), no COVID-19 updates (aPOR=4.816, 95% CI=2.957, 7.842), no confidence on coping with stresses (aPOR=2.74, 95% CI=1.633, 4.606), and COVID-19-related worry (aPOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.120, 3.056) were positively associated with higher-order anxiety disorder. However, not feeling overwhelmed by the demands of everyday life (aPOR=0.52, 95% CI=0.370, 0.733) and feeling cannot make it (aPOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.308, 0.626) were negatively associated with a higher order of anxiety. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the prevalence of anxiety disorder among HCWs was high in the study area. The findings of the current study suggest immediate psychological intervention for health care workers in the study area is vital. Therefore, proactive measures should be taken by the stakeholders at different hierarchies to promote the psychological wellbeing of HCWs in order to control the impact of the pandemic on the HCWs, and containing the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s282822 doi: 10.2147/prbm.s282822 id: cord-315428-uiezqa4p author: Tessler, Hannah title: The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4635.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315428-uiezqa4p.txt summary: In this essay, we review how the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic that began in the United States in early 2020 has elevated the risks of Asian Americans to hate crimes and Asian American businesses to vandalism. These hate crimes and bias incidents occur in the landscape of American racism in which Asian Americans are seen as the embodiment of China and potential carriers of COVID-19, regardless of their ethnicity or generational status. In New York City alone, from the start of the COVID-19 outbreak through April 2020, the NYPD''s hate crime task force has investigated fourteen cases where all the victims were Asian and targeted due to coronavirus discrimination (NYPD, 2020) . While there have been numerous instances of anti-Asian bias and crime, there have not been similarly patterned anti-European tourist incidents or an avoidance of Italian restaurants, suggesting that COVID-19 illuminates the particular racialization of disease that extends beyond this virus, and further back in American history. abstract: In this essay, we review how the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic that began in the United States in early 2020 has elevated the risks of Asian Americans to hate crimes and Asian American businesses to vandalism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidents of negative bias and microaggressions against Asian Americans have also increased. COVID-19 is directly linked to China, not just in terms of the origins of the disease, but also in the coverage of it. Because Asian Americans have historically been viewed as perpetually foreign no matter how long they have lived in the United States, we posit that it has been relatively easy for people to treat Chinese or Asian Americans as the physical embodiment of foreignness and disease. We examine the historical antecedents that link Asian Americans to infectious diseases. Finally, we contemplate the possibility that these experiences will lead to a reinvigoration of a panethnic Asian American identity and social movement. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09541-5 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09541-5 id: cord-329543-gbfkce7n author: Tetteh, Hassan A title: A Leader’s Guide to Crisis Communication: Lessons from Ebola for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-30 words: 2883.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329543-gbfkce7n.txt summary: Finally, the communication conveyed what the Ebola outbreak meant to individuals locally impacted and throughout the world: The Ministry of Health in Guinea advised the public to take necessary measures to avert the spread of the disease and to report any suspected cases. Initial communication during the Ebola crisis aimed to achieve the overarching objectives of increasing knowledge and understanding and minimize the negative impact of fear and concern by helping the public understand the immediate risks of the disease, despite incomplete information. 13 However, despite the pervasive fear and concern that existed, the CDC and others were careful to effectively communicate a message during the crisis that provided context so that the appropriate response and resolution could be obtained to combat the Ebola outbreak. In the global pandemic of COVID-19, providing the appropriate context during crisis communication directly affects the type of response individuals take to achieve appropriate resolution of the problem. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa158 doi: 10.1093/milmed/usaa158 id: cord-352767-lnsi3av0 author: Teuwen, Laure-Anne title: COVID-19: the vasculature unleashed date: 2020-05-21 words: 1587.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352767-lnsi3av0.txt summary: To date, pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) have been largely overlooked as a therapeutic target in COVID-19, yet emerging evidence suggests that these cells contribute to the initiation and propagation of ARDS by altering vessel barrier integrity, promoting a pro-coagulative state, inducing vascular inflammation (endotheliitis) and mediating inflammatory cell infiltration 2, 3 . After the initial phase of viral infection, ~30% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with progressive lung damage, in part owing to an overreacting inflammatory response 1 . Mechanistically, the pulmonary complications result from a vascular barrier breach, leading to tissue oedema (causing lungs to build up fluid), endotheliitis, activation of coagulation pathways with potential development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and deregulated inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, we hypothesize that denudation of the pulmonary vasculature could lead to activation of the complement system, promoting the accumulation of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory monocytes that enhance the cytokine storm. abstract: On the basis of emerging evidence from patients with COVID-19, we postulate that endothelial cells are essential contributors to the initiation and propagation of severe COVID-19. Here, we discuss current insights into the link between endothelial cells, viral infection and inflammatory changes and propose novel therapeutic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439870/ doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0343-0 id: cord-293704-tnik6sd3 author: Tey, Jeremy title: Navigating the challenges of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives from the radiation oncology service in singapore date: 2020-03-31 words: 3512.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293704-tnik6sd3.txt summary: There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. This includes interventions, business continuity plans and workflow in managing a COVID-19 positive patient on radiotherapy. With the evolving COVID-19 outbreak, there needs to be provisions and policies to ensure continuity of radiation oncology services. There should be provisions within the department such that continuity of radiation oncology services will not be impacted as there is possibility of staff managing confirmed cases and therefore needs to be self-quarantined at home. Nonetheless, radiation oncology departments can act to better position themselves to continue radiotherapy services in the face of resource limitations brought on by the outbreak, as well as to protect staff and patients. abstract: In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause was reported by China to WHO. The outbreak was found to be caused by a coronavirus which was officially named “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease caused by it was named ‘COVID-19’. The first case in Singapore was confirmed on 23(rd) January 2020. With lessons learnt from the SARS epidemic in 2003 and the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009, Singapore was much better prepared to deal with the virus outbreak. The government has taken swift measures to contain and break the chain of transmission. Healthcare workers face the challenge of keeping patients and staff safe from the disease. There is a higher risk of mortality of COVID-19 in cancer patients and hence unique considerations for a radiation oncology department operating in an infectious disease outbreak. This article is the recommendations and adapted workflow from the two National Cancer Centres in Singapore with the endorsement by the working committee of the Chapter of Radiation Oncology, Academy of Medicine, Singapore. It highlights the challenges that radiation oncology departments in Singapore face and the appropriate recommended responses. This includes interventions, business continuity plans and workflow in managing a COVID-19 positive patient on radiotherapy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016781402030164X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.030 id: cord-302756-343y63e5 author: Thachil, J title: Understanding the COVID‐19 coagulopathy spectrum date: 2020-05-21 words: 2229.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302756-343y63e5.txt summary: From a laboratory perspective, this hypercoagulability is reflected in the marked elevation of the fibrinolytic marker, D-dimer, in almost all hospitalised COVID-19 patients [7] . Platelet counts are increased in these patients in the initial stages (uncommonly reported in patients with infectious diseases) and are almost never severely low, even in critically ill COVID-19 patients [18] . In severely ill patients, the pulmonary coagulation system becomes markedly activated. These include: should all patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19 be treated empirically with therapeutic anticoagulation until venous thromboembolism is discounted? High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 COVID-19-related severe hypercoagulability in patients admitted to intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure. abstract: The SARS‐Cov‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic has already claimed over 200,000 lives. Quite early on in this pandemic, it was recognised that the virus triggers the immune system leading to a cytokine storm in some severely ill patients [1]. This hyper‐responsiveness has been suggested to be the predominant aetiology for clinical deterioration and mortality in patients with this infection [2]. More recently, there have been several reports of increased thrombotic events in these patients [3‐6]. From a laboratory perspective, this hypercoagulability is reflected in the marked elevation of the fibrinolytic marker, D‐dimer, in almost all hospitalised COVID‐19 patients [7]. We must, therefore, ask ourselves what is the link between the extremes of the immune system, presenting as cytokine storm, and the extremes of coagulation, presenting as arterial and venous thromboembolism? url: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15141 doi: 10.1111/anae.15141 id: cord-339589-dl2qpc0t author: Thachil, Jecko title: SARS-2 Coronavirus–Associated Hemostatic Lung Abnormality in COVID-19: Is It Pulmonary Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism? date: 2020-05-12 words: 2209.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339589-dl2qpc0t.txt summary: 3, 4 There is increasing recognition that the COVID-19-associated hemostasis abnormality (CAHA) may instead be resulting in localized thrombosis in the lungs, which has been reinforced by the fact that timely anticoagulation can be successful in reducing mortality of seriously unwell patients. Despite a critically ill patient being at a very high risk of thrombosis due to various reasons (including immobilization, underlying risk factors, muscle paralysis from sedation, and the use of vasoactive drugs), the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can still be missed. • Since there is a crucial link between inflammation and thrombosis, more so in COVID-19 patients, are patients who are on immunosuppressants less likely to get severe pulmonary disease and complications? • Is there a role for antiplatelet agents in patients who progress to more severe disease while on therapeutic anticoagulation, since activated platelets are pathogenic in the lung inflammation? abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712155 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712155 id: cord-253250-zet48zcl author: Thaden, J.T. title: When two for the price of one isn’t a bargain: Estimating prevalence and microbiology of bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 873.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253250-zet48zcl.txt summary: Similarly, in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, multiple studies have demonstrated rates of superimposed bacterial pneumonia in excess of 30%, and this has been associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (3) . The overall low prevalence of bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 was similar as that noted in another recent meta-analysis (7%) (5) and rapid review (8%) (6) of the literature, though there is significant overlap in the studies included in these reviews. Despite the lower prevalence of bacterial co-infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to other viral respiratory pathogens, many patients with COVID-19 (71%) were treated with antibiotics. Yet while the available data is limited, the emerging picture is one of lower bacterial co-infection rates in patients with COVID-19 relative to pandemic influenza. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20305292?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.002 id: cord-292978-qfw1uqvp author: Thakrar, Amit title: Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom date: 2020-07-08 words: 3374.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292978-qfw1uqvp.txt summary: title: Thirty-Day Mortality Rate of Patients With Hip Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom We collected data on time to surgery, Clinical Frailty Scale score, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality, and cause of death. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant increase in 30-day mortality among hip fracture patients during the first 30 days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The objective of our study is to investigate and describe associated risk factors for 30-day mortality of patients with hip fractures in a single center for a 1-month follow-up period since "day 0" of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. We collected data on patient demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), time to surgery, operation type, COVID-19 testing, COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality, and cause of death. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the care of hip fracture patients remains a clinical priority. Our study aims to investigate the 30-day mortality rate of hip fracture patients during the first 30 days of the pandemic in the United Kingdom. METHODS: A single-center, observational, prospective study of patients presenting with hip fractures. Data collection started from “day 0” of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom and continued for 30 days. We collected data on time to surgery, Clinical Frailty Scale score, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality, and cause of death. For comparison, we collected retrospective data during the same 30-day period in 2018, 2019, and the previous 6 months (Control groups A, B, and C, respectively). RESULTS: Forty-three patients were included in the study. There was no difference in age or gender between the Study and Control groups. The 30-day mortality rate of the Study group was 16.3%, which was higher than Control groups A (P = 0.022), B (P = 0.003) and C (P = 0.001). The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in our Study group was 26%. Of the 7 mortalities recorded, 4 patients tested positive for COVID-19 infection. In our Study group, COVID-19 infection correlated significantly with 30-day mortality (P = 0.002, odds ratio 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant increase in 30-day mortality among hip fracture patients during the first 30 days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. A positive COVID-19 test result in patients with hip fractures is associated with a 2.4-fold increase in risk of 30-day mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/bot.0000000000001889 doi: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001889 id: cord-352293-ha7xts89 author: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 words: 1202.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt summary: This paper highlights key issues and offers practical solutions to address the mental health of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic, from a high school student''s (HSS) perspective. Social distancing and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic can worsen existing mental health problems in adolescents and increases the risk of future mental health issues. 2 An increase in domestic violence and abuse during this pandemic further exposes adolescents to risks of developing mental health problems. However, closure of schools during COVID-19 pandemic have taken away the protective layer of school-based mental health support. Within a pandemic environment of furloughs and job cuts, families may struggle to purchase technology for high schoolers who can benefit from school-based counseling support for mental health problems. 3 Quarantine, trauma and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic further increase the risk of mental health problems. Potential effects of "social" distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 id: cord-345929-z7yfegr5 author: Thakur, Suman S. title: Proteomics and Its Application in Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-11-06 words: 1355.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345929-z7yfegr5.txt summary: found that the antimalarial drug metaquine and anti-HIV antiretroviral saquinavir interact with four SARS-CoV-2 receptors, including Nsp9 replicase, main protease (Mpro), NSP15 endoribonuclease, and spike protein (S protein), interacting with human ACE2; therefore, they may be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. Furthermore, Maffucci and Contini used an in silico approach to find drug candidates against the main proteinase and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. suggested that the antigenic peptides generated from the S1 spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 using aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP might be helpful in selecting better epitopes for immunogenic studies and the design of a vaccine for COVID-19. Interestingly, a computational method was used to find an allosteric site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by Di Paola et al., as its detection would weaken the spike−ACE2 interaction and thereby reduce the viral infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33153265/ doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00824 id: cord-300792-hpyywul0 author: Thaler, M. title: Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) date: 2020-05-02 words: 2945.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300792-hpyywul0.txt summary: title: Disruption of joint arthroplasty services in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey within the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA) PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by conducting an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons. Four topics were addressed: (1) origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions); (2) potential disruption of arthroplasty surgeries (12 questions); (3) influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular arthroplasty surgeon (four questions); (4) a matrix provided 14 different arthroplasty surgeries and the participant was asked to state whether dedicated surgery was stopped, delayed or cancelled. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by means of an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons in the EHS and the EKA. The most important finding of the present study was the massive cutback in primary as well as revision TJA service in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on joint arthroplasty service in Europe by conducting an online survey of arthroplasty surgeons. METHODS: The survey was conducted in the European Hip Society (EHS) and the European Knee Associates (EKA). The survey consisted of 20 questions (single, multiple choice, ranked). Four topics were addressed: (1) origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions); (2) potential disruption of arthroplasty surgeries (12 questions); (3) influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular arthroplasty surgeon (four questions); (4) a matrix provided 14 different arthroplasty surgeries and the participant was asked to state whether dedicated surgery was stopped, delayed or cancelled. RESULTS: Two-hundred and seventy-two surgeons (217 EHS, 55 EKA) from 40 different countries participated. Of the respondents, 25.7% stated that all surgeries were cancelled in their departments, while 68.4% responded that elective inpatient procedures were no longer being performed. With regard to the specific surgical procedures, nearly all primary TJA were cancelled (92.6%) as well as aseptic revisions (94.7%). In most hospitals, periprosthetic fractures (87.2%), hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures and septic revisions for acute infections (75.8%) were still being performed. CONCLUSION: During the current 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, we are experiencing a near-total shutdown of TJA. A massive cutback was observed for primary TJA and revision TJA, even in massively failed TJA with collapse, dislocation, component failure or imminent dislocation. Only life-threatening pathologies like periprosthetic fractures and acute septic TJA are currently undergoing surgical treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00167-020-06033-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06033-1 doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06033-1 id: cord-289115-bntcn0m6 author: Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan title: Role of Dupilumab in Approved Indications of COVID-19 Patient: an Efficacy-Based Nonsystematic Critical Analysis date: 2020-09-10 words: 2136.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289115-bntcn0m6.txt summary: There are isolated case reports and series that document a milder course of COVID-19 infection in patients who have already been on dupilumab therapy for treatment of conditions such as atopic dermatitis and chronic rhino-sinusitis with nasal polyp. While it has already been in use in dermatology clinics for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), it was most recently approved for the indication of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) by the US Food and Drug Association (FDA) on the 26th of June, 2019 [1] . We included clinical trials, research studies, case reports, and randomized control trials that employed the use of dupilumab at any point in the treatment of patients who were laboratory confirmed cases of COVID19. Details that were extracted included author and journal details, year of publication, sample size, age, sex, indication for rational use of dupilumab, duration for treatment, adverse effects observed, and course of COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infection in a patient with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps during therapy with dupilumab abstract: With many drugs being tried in the management and treatment of COVID-19, dupilumab is one such monoclonal antibody that has come under the limelight for its possible role as an adjunct therapy in COVID-19 position. There are isolated case reports and series that document a milder course of COVID-19 infection in patients who have already been on dupilumab therapy for treatment of conditions such as atopic dermatitis and chronic rhino-sinusitis with nasal polyp. There is also an ongoing debate regarding the continuation of biologicals in the COVID patient. In this article, a non-systematic critical analysis of dupilumab was performed to delve into this hypothesis further. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32935079/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00510-x id: cord-343449-4uxwojzo author: The Gibraltar COVID-19 Research Group Health Systems, title: Oxygen and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a comparative analysis of supplemental oxygen policies and health outcomes across 26 countries. date: 2020-07-04 words: 3912.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343449-4uxwojzo.txt summary: Methods Three independent investigators searched for, identified and extracted the nationally recommended target oxygen levels for the commencement of oxygen in COVID-19 pneumonia from the 29 worst affected countries. We then applied linear regression analysis to examine for potential association between national targets for the commencement of oxygen and case fatality rates. Whilst none of the studies analysed in the IOTA metaanalysis related to pneumonia, and the majority of studies examined oxygen as a treatment not as a means to correct hypoxia, the authors suggest optimal target SpO2 for all acute medical patients might be 94-96% [12] . In this situation, where the national guideline target SpO2 is part of an overall strategy of avoiding admissions, then whilst it does remain likely conservative oxygen approaches do contribute to higher mortality, there may also be contribution of other policies. There is clear disparity between national guidelines for target oxygen saturations (SpO2) in COVID-19 across the countries analysed here, and such disparity is associated with national case fatality rates (CFR). abstract: Introduction Hypoxia is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic some countries have reduced access to supplemental oxygen (e.g. oxygen rationing), whereas other nations have maintained and even improved access to supplemental oxygen. We examined whether such variation in the access to supplemental oxygen had any bearing on mortality in COVID-19. Methods Three independent investigators searched for, identified and extracted the nationally recommended target oxygen levels for the commencement of oxygen in COVID-19 pneumonia from the 29 worst affected countries. Mortality estimates were calculated from three independent sources. We then applied linear regression analysis to examine for potential association between national targets for the commencement of oxygen and case fatality rates. Results Of the 26 nations included, 15 had employed conservative oxygen strategies to manage COVID-19 pneumonia. Of them, Belgium, France, USA, Canada, China, Germany, Mexico, Spain, Sweden and the UK guidelines advised commencing oxygen when oxygen saturations (SpO2) fell to 91% or less. Target SpO2 ranged from 92% to 95% in the other 16 nations. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between the national target for the commencement of oxygen and national case fatality rates (Spearmans Rho = -0.622, p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study highlights the disparity in oxygen provision for COVID-19 patients between the nations analysed, and indicates such disparity in access to supplemental oxygen may represent a modifiable factor associated with mortality during the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.20145763 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20145763 id: cord-280642-cvxni7cd author: The OpenSAFELY Collaborative, title: OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. date: 2020-05-07 words: 7286.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280642-cvxni7cd.txt summary: title: OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients. People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation; further research into the drivers of this association is therefore urgently required. People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation; further research into the drivers of this association is therefore urgently required. 12, 13 We therefore set out to determine factors associated with risk of death from COVID-19 in England using a very large sample of the adult population, with deaths data linked to longitudinal primary care electronic health records. abstract: Background Establishing who is at risk from a novel rapidly arising cause of death, and why, requires a new approach to epidemiological research with very large datasets and timely data. Working on behalf of NHS England we therefore set out to deliver a secure and pseudonymised analytics platform inside the data centre of a major primary care electronic health records vendor establishing coverage across detailed primary care records for a substantial proportion of all patients in England. The following results are preliminary. Data sources Primary care electronic health records managed by the electronic health record vendor TPP, pseudonymously linked to patient-level data from the COVID-19 Patient Notification System (CPNS) for death of hospital inpatients with confirmed COVID-19, using the new OpenSAFELY platform. Population 17,425,445 adults. Time period 1st Feb 2020 to 25th April 2020. Primary outcome Death in hospital among people with confirmed COVID-19. Methods Cohort study analysed by Cox-regression to generate hazard ratios: age and sex adjusted, and multiply adjusted for co-variates selected prospectively on the basis of clinical interest and prior findings. Results There were 5683 deaths attributed to COVID-19. In summary after full adjustment, death from COVID-19 was strongly associated with: being male (hazard ratio 1.99, 95%CI 1.88-2.10); older age and deprivation (both with a strong gradient); uncontrolled diabetes (HR 2.36 95% CI 2.18-2.56); severe asthma (HR 1.25 CI 1.08-1.44); and various other prior medical conditions. Compared to people with ethnicity recorded as white, black people were at higher risk of death, with only partial attenuation in hazard ratios from the fully adjusted model (age-sex adjusted HR 2.17 95% CI 1.84-2.57; fully adjusted HR 1.71 95% CI 1.44-2.02); with similar findings for Asian people (age-sex adjusted HR 1.95 95% CI 1.73-2.18; fully adjusted HR 1.62 95% CI 1.43-1.82). Conclusions We have quantified a range of clinical risk factors for death from COVID-19, some of which were not previously well characterised, in the largest cohort study conducted by any country to date. People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation; further research into the drivers of this association is therefore urgently required. Deprivation is also a major risk factor with, again, little of the excess risk explained by co-morbidity or other risk factors. The findings for clinical risk factors are concordant with policies in the UK for protecting those at highest risk. Our OpenSAFELY platform is rapidly adding further NHS patients' records; we will update and extend these results regularly. Keywords COVID-19, risk factors, ethnicity, deprivation, death, informatics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999 id: cord-225887-kr9uljop author: Thelwall, Mike title: Covid-19 Tweeting in English: Gender Differences date: 2020-03-24 words: 3006.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-225887-kr9uljop.txt summary: The results show that females are more likely to tweet about the virus in the context of family, social distancing and healthcare whereas males are more likely to tweet about sports cancellations, the global spread of the virus and political reactions. The research design was to collect English-language tweets matching a set of queries related to Covid-19 over two weeks and to identify words used more by males than females, using these to point to aspects of gender difference in tweeting about the virus. Gender differences in this word therefore suggest that males were more likely to tweet that league-based sport was affected by COVID-19 restrictions. Male-authored tweets about COVID-19 were about twice as likely as females to discuss sports, typically in the context of speculation about, or announcements of, events or competitions being cancelled (Figure 1 ). abstract: At the start of 2020, COVID-19 became the most urgent threat to global public health. Uniquely in recent times, governments have imposed partly voluntary, partly compulsory restrictions on the population to slow the spread of the virus. In this context, public attitudes and behaviors are vitally important for reducing the death rate. Analyzing tweets about the disease may therefore give insights into public reactions that may help guide public information campaigns. This article analyses 3,038,026 English tweets about COVID-19 from March 10 to 23, 2020. It focuses on one relevant aspect of public reaction: gender differences. The results show that females are more likely to tweet about the virus in the context of family, social distancing and healthcare whereas males are more likely to tweet about sports cancellations, the global spread of the virus and political reactions. Thus, women seem to be taking a disproportionate share of the responsibility for directly keeping the population safe. The detailed results may be useful to inform public information announcements and to help understand the spread of the virus. For example, failure to impose a sporting bans whilst encouraging social distancing may send mixed messages to males. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11090v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-340415-6fte7krp author: Thevarajan, Irani title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 4287.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt summary: In the face of high health care demand during the peak of a pandemic, safe management of low risk patients in the community will likely be essential to preserve hospital capacity for the more severely ill. This position is endorsed by the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases interim guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19 in adults, 20 guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19, 19 which state that even where conditional recommendations for use of disease modifying agents are made, whenever possible these should be administered in the context of randomised trials with appropriate ethical approval. 37, 38 However, given the current lack of evidence of clinical benefit and reports of significant limitations of supply of hydroxychloroquine for patients with rheumatological conditions, in March 2020, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases called for immediate cessation of prescribing and dispensing of hydroxychloroquine for indications relating to COVID-19, outside use in approved clinical trials. Specific antiviral therapy in the clinical management of acute respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). abstract: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 led to the declaration of a global pandemic within 3 months of its emergence. The majority of patients presenting with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experience a mild illness that can usually be managed in the community. Patients require careful monitoring and early referral to hospital if any signs of clinical deterioration occur. Increased age and the presence of comorbidities are associated with more severe disease and poorer outcomes. Treatment for COVID‐19 is currently predominantly supportive care, focused on appropriate management of respiratory dysfunction. Clinical evidence is emerging for some specific therapies (including antiviral and immune‐modulating agents). Investigational therapies for COVID‐19 should be used in the context of approved randomised controlled trials. Australian clinicians need to be able to recognise, diagnose, manage and appropriately refer patients affected by COVID‐19, with thousands of cases likely to present over the coming years. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677734/ doi: 10.5694/mja2.50698 id: cord-312759-py2d4rjq author: Thiaw, Ibrahima title: Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic date: 2020-08-25 words: 2979.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt summary: Building on archaeology''s multiple contributions to Africa''s past and observed practices of resilience in Senegal by ordinary people in the face of the spread of COVID-19, this essay reflects on the relevance of the archives, including the archaeological record, as usable resources for managing the problems of our times. S''appuyant sur les multiples contributions de l''archéologie pour la connaissance du passé de l''Afrique et sur les pratiques de résilience observées au Sénégal par les individus ordinaires face à la propagaOur contemporary moment is plagued by two major pandemics: COVID-19 on the one hand and racism and coloniality on the other. A few days before the Mira-Locht exchange, there had been an ecstatic reaction to the March 27 prediction of Antonio Guterres, the United Nations General Secretary, on France 24 television channel and Radio France International (RFI), that "even if the population [in Africa] is younger than in developed countries, there will be necessarily millions of deaths" on the continent due to the COVID-19 pandemic (France 24 2020a, b). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed how coloniality and racism are endemic to modern society. This was reflected in many early western discourses, French in particular, about the pandemic in Africa. These discourses unveiled old colonial antagonism, projection, stigmatization, and paternalism. The articulation of such discourses among well-informed and sometimes well-meaning people calls for deeper introspection on archaeological practices and modalities of community engagement. Building on archaeology’s multiple contributions to Africa’s past and observed practices of resilience in Senegal by ordinary people in the face of the spread of COVID-19, this essay reflects on the relevance of the archives, including the archaeological record, as usable resources for managing the problems of our times. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-020-09403-9 doi: 10.1007/s10437-020-09403-9 id: cord-321960-p4twpm2z author: Thibaudin, Marion title: Immunological features of coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with cancer date: 2020-09-07 words: 3149.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321960-p4twpm2z.txt summary: CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is associated with CD4 T cell lymphopenia with induction of an inflammatory T-cell response, accumulation of IFNγ(+) TNFα(+) CD8 T and Th17 cells, and a concomitant modification of monocyte activation status. Regarding maturation of monocytes, we observed that HLA-DR low monocytes, which harbor a monocytic MDSC phenotype, were increased in COVID-19-positive cancer patients, while HLA-DR high -activated monocytes were decreased ( Figure 3B ). Together these data underline the induction of CD3 lymphopenia, with an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio, a change in monocyte activation, accumulation of mMDSC-like cells and a decrease in activated monocytes in COVID-19 positive cancer patients. Interestingly, we observed in the basal peripheral blood a marked decrease in HLA-DR expression in CD8 T cells in COVID-19-positive patients ( Figure 4D) , which is marker of T cell activation [10, 11] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has caused a major pandemic. Patients with cancer are at higher risk of severe COVID-19. We aimed to describe and compare the immunological features of cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 or other concomitant, cancer-related illness. METHODS: In this prospective study, the clinical and immunological characteristics of 11 cancer patients with COVID-19 and 11 non-COVID-19 cancer patients hospitalized in the same unit at the same period for other medical issues were analyzed. We also used 10 healthy volunteers as controls. Peripheral immune parameters were analyzed using multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS: The median age of COVID-19-positive cancer patients was 71.1 years, and 66.4 years for controls. Compared with non COVID-19 cancer patients, COVID-19 positive cancer patients had more extensive lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia, with higher levels of C-reactive protein. In COVID-19 patients, elevated procalcitonin was associated with a higher risk of death. By phenotypic analysis, COVID-19 positive patients presented CD3 lymphopenia, with inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio and modification of monocyte activation, with accumulation of mMDSC-like cells and a decrease in activated monocytes. Analysis of the T-cell compartment revealed a T-dependent inflammatory response with accumulation of Th17 cells and cytotoxic CD8 T cells producing TNFα, a decrease in HLA-DR positive CD8 T cells and Treg/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is associated with CD4 T cell lymphopenia with induction of an inflammatory T-cell response, accumulation of IFNγ(+) TNFα(+) CD8 T and Th17 cells, and a concomitant modification of monocyte activation status. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.013 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.013 id: cord-343201-98scxky8 author: Thibault, Ronan title: How the Covid-19 epidemic is challenging our practice in clinical nutrition—feedback from the field date: 2020-09-16 words: 5814.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343201-98scxky8.txt summary: Therefore Covid-19 patients are at high risk of being malnourished, making the prevention of malnutrition and the nutritional management key aspects of care. In the Chinese experience, up to 30% of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU) [2] . Covid-19 patients should be considered at high risk of malnutrition [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] , like in other severe respiratory infections characterized by: inflammatory syndrome and hypercatabolism, increased energy expenditure linked to ventilation work [5, 6] . Altogether, these data suggest that, in patients infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus, insufficient nutritional intake could lead to rapid degradation of the intestinal barrier function, of muscle functional capacities, and of immune response, which could thus favor secondary onset of signs of severity and progression to ARDS. abstract: The viral epidemic caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the new Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19). Fifteen percent of the Covid-19 patients will require hospital stay, and 10% of them will need urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Covid-19 is an infectious disease characterized by inflammatory syndrome, itself leading to reduced food intake and increased muscle catabolism. Therefore Covid-19 patients are at high risk of being malnourished, making the prevention of malnutrition and the nutritional management key aspects of care. Urgent, brutal and massive arrivals of patients needing urgent respiratory care and artificial ventilation lead to the necessity to reorganize hospital care, wards and staff. In that context, nutritional screening and care may not be considered a priority. Moreover, at the start of the epidemic, due to mask and other protecting material shortage, the risk of healthcare givers contamination have led to not using enteral nutrition, although indicated, because nasogastric tube insertion is an aerosol-generating procedure. Clinical nutrition practice based on the international guidelines should therefore adapt and the use of degraded procedures could unfortunately be the only way. Based on the experience from the first weeks of the epidemic in France, we emphasize ten challenges for clinical nutrition practice. The objective is to bring objective answers to the most frequently met issues to help the clinical nutrition caregivers to promote nutritional care in the hospitalized Covid-19 patient. We propose a flow chart for optimizing the nutrition management of the Covid-19 patients in the non-ICU wards. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-00757-6 doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-00757-6 id: cord-345973-fb3gkc0f author: Thibault, Ronan title: Nutrition of the COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit (ICU): a practical guidance date: 2020-07-19 words: 4838.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345973-fb3gkc0f.txt summary: Five to 10% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, i.e., with new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Up to 30% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU) [2] . This article was written in the emergency of the epidemic by an expert group, based on the international recommendations on nutrition in the ICU on March 29, and will be updated according to new knowledge about the COVID-19. Indirect calorimetry (IC) should be proposed only for patients staying for more than 10 days in the ICU or those on full parenteral nutrition (PN) to avoid overfeeding IC is the reference method to assess the energy requirements in the non-COVID-19 ICU patients [18] . abstract: Five to 10% of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, i.e., with new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are presenting with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, nutrition is an important element of care. The nutritional assessment and the early nutritional care management of COVID-19 patients must be integrated into the overall therapeutic strategy. The international recommendations on nutrition in the ICU should be followed. Some specific issues about the nutrition of the COVID-19 patients in the ICU should be emphasized. We propose a flow chart and ten key issues for optimizing the nutrition management of COVID-19 patients in the ICU. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03159-z id: cord-288038-jdinf8od author: Thindwa, Deus title: Use of seasonal influenza and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults to reduce COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-06-19 words: 2601.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288038-jdinf8od.txt summary: Vaccinating older adults at elevated risk of severe COVID-19 disease against vaccine preventable diseases may therefore not only help to reduce the strain on the healthcare system from those diseases during a pandemic, but also alleviate some of the potential COVID-19 mortality due to co-infecting pathogens [8] . Similarly, maintaining high vaccine coverage of existing PCV and live attenuated influenza vaccine programmes in children reduces the associated disease burden in older adults through herd effects, and will further enhance benefits for limiting COVID-19 risks. In summary, where already in routine use among older adults and/or adults at-risk, maintaining both seasonal influenza and PPV23 at high coverage have the potential to not only reduce the burden of the targeted diseases but also prevent a proportion of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, if they can be delivered while minimising the risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32600911/ doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.047 id: cord-274862-x580ktas author: Thomaier, L. title: Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 words: 2361.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274862-x580ktas.txt summary: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the emotional well-being of oncology providers across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Factors significantly associated with both anxiety and depression included: degree to which COVID-19 has interfered with the ability to provide treatment to cancer patients and concern that patients will not receive the level of care needed for non-COVID-19 illness (all p-values <0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. We sought to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional health of oncology physicians across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Oncology physicians report significant anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. abstract: Introduction: Cancer care is significantly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the emotional well-being of oncology providers across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional survey was administered to United States cancer-care physicians recruited over a two-week period (3/27/2020-4/10/2020) using snowball-convenience sampling through social media. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Results: Of 486 participants, 374 (77.0%) completed the PHQ-4: mean age 45.7 +/- 9.6 years; 63.2% female; all oncologic specialties were represented. The rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were 62.0% and 23.5%, respectively. Demographic factors associated with anxiety included female sex, younger age, and less time in clinical practice. Perception of inadequate PPE (68.6% vs. 57.4%, p=0.03) and practicing in a state with more COVID-19 cases (65.8% vs. 51.1%, p=0.01) were associated with anxiety symptoms. Factors significantly associated with both anxiety and depression included: degree to which COVID-19 has interfered with the ability to provide treatment to cancer patients and concern that patients will not receive the level of care needed for non-COVID-19 illness (all p-values <0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. Our findings highlight factors associated with and sources of psychological distress to be addressed to protect the well-being of oncology physicians. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587986/ doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128702 id: cord-354133-11b0d499 author: Thomas, B. S. title: Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for COVID-19 using a Time-Shifted Distribution Analysis date: 2020-10-27 words: 7502.0 sentences: 422.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354133-11b0d499.txt summary: Analysis is performed for early COVID 19 outbreaks in many countries, and we discuss corrections to CFR values using excess-death and seroprevalence data to estimate the infection fatality ratio (IFR). Most previously published studies make use of a parametrised distribution of times from onset (or hospitalisation) to death, determined from individual case data from early in the outbreak (largely from China) [5, [10] [11] [12] , which is then used in combination with statistical methods to estimate the CFR using population-level data on cases and deaths [5, 10, 11, 13] . This may explain the short delay times for the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands and the USA, as well as many other countries (for example, is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint An important conclusion from this analysis concerns the perils in calculating the CFR using established time distributions for onset to death obtained from case studies, as is common. abstract: Estimating the case fatality ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 is an important aspect of public health. However, calculating CFR accurately is problematic early in a novel disease outbreak, due to uncertainties regarding the time course of disease and difficulties in diagnosis and reporting of cases. In this work, we present a simple method for calculating the case fatality ratio using only public case and death data over time by exploiting the correspondence between the time distributions of cases and deaths. The time-shifted distribution (TSD) analysis generates two parameters of interest: the delay time between reporting of cases and deaths and the case fatality ratio. These parameters converge reliably over time once the exponential growth phase has finished. Analysis is performed for early COVID 19 outbreaks in many countries, and we discuss corrections to CFR values using excess-death and seroprevalence data to estimate the infection fatality ratio (IFR). While CFR values range from 0.2-20% in different countries, estimates for IFR are mostly around 0.5-0.8% for countries that experienced moderate outbreaks and 1-3% for severe outbreaks. The simplicity and transparency of TSD analysis enhance its usefulness in characterizing a new disease as well as the state of the health and reporting systems. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.25.20216671v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.25.20216671 id: cord-174036-b3frnfr7 author: Thomas, Loring J. title: Spatial Heterogeneity Can Lead to Substantial Local Variations in COVID-19 Timing and Severity date: 2020-05-20 words: 6666.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-174036-b3frnfr7.txt summary: Based on simulations of unrestricted COVID-19 diffusion in 19 U.S cities, we conclude that heterogeneity in population distribution can have large impacts on local pandemic timing and severity, even when aggregate behavior at larger scales mirrors a classic SIR-like pattern. These results demonstrate the potential for spatial network structure to generate highly non-uniform diffusion behavior even at the scale of cities, and suggest the importance of incorporating such structure when designing models to inform healthcare planning, predict community outcomes, or identify potential disparities. In this paper, we examine the potential impact of local spatial heterogeneity on COVID-19, modeling the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 in populations whose contacts are based on spatially plausible network structures. The disease diffuses through the contact network, with currently infectious individuals infecting susceptible neighbors as a continous time Poisson process with a rate estimated from mortality data (see supplement); recovered or deceased individuals are not considered infectious for modeling purposes. abstract: Standard epidemiological models for COVID-19 employ variants of compartment (SIR) models at local scales, implicitly assuming spatially uniform local mixing. Here, we examine the effect of employing more geographically detailed diffusion models based on known spatial features of interpersonal networks, most particularly the presence of a long-tailed but monotone decline in the probability of interaction with distance, on disease diffusion. Based on simulations of unrestricted COVID-19 diffusion in 19 U.S cities, we conclude that heterogeneity in population distribution can have large impacts on local pandemic timing and severity, even when aggregate behavior at larger scales mirrors a classic SIR-like pattern. Impacts observed include severe local outbreaks with long lag time relative to the aggregate infection curve, and the presence of numerous areas whose disease trajectories correlate poorly with those of neighboring areas. A simple catchment model for hospital demand illustrates potential implications for health care utilization, with substantial disparities in the timing and extremity of impacts even without distancing interventions. Likewise, analysis of social exposure to others who are morbid or deceased shows considerable variation in how the epidemic can appear to individuals on the ground, potentially affecting risk assessment and compliance with mitigation measures. These results demonstrate the potential for spatial network structure to generate highly non-uniform diffusion behavior even at the scale of cities, and suggest the importance of incorporating such structure when designing models to inform healthcare planning, predict community outcomes, or identify potential disparities. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.09850v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-309323-yflng8m3 author: Thomas, T. title: COVID-19 infection results in alterations of the kynurenine pathway and fatty acid metabolism that correlate with IL-6 levels and renal status date: 2020-05-16 words: 6928.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309323-yflng8m3.txt summary: Metabolomics analysis also confirmed widespread dysregulation of nitrogen metabolism in infected patients, with decreased circulating levels of most amino acids, except for tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, and increased markers of oxidant stress (e.g., methionine sulfoxide, cystine), proteolysis, and kidney dysfunction (e.g., creatine, creatinine, polyamines). The current study provides the first comprehensive targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis of sera from COVID-19 patients, stratified by circulating levels of IL-6, and correlated to inflammatory markers and renal function. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 doi: medRxiv preprint described impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients (44), though they also described that progressive increases in disease severity, from mild to severe to critical, correlated with the levels of transcripts for JAK1, STAT1 and 2, interferon alpha 2, interferon alpha receptors 1 and 2, and interferon regulatory factors 1, 4, 5 and 7. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 doi: medRxiv preprint Serum levels of free fatty acids and acylcarnitines were significantly different when comparing COVID-19positive patients and controls. abstract: Previous studies suggest a role for systemic reprogramming of host metabolism during viral pathogenesis to fuel rapidly expanding viral proliferation, for example by providing free amino acids and fatty acids as building blocks. In addition, general alterations in metabolism can provide key understanding of pathogenesis. However, little is known about the specific metabolic effects of SARS-COV-2 infection. The present study evaluated the serum metabolism of COVID-19 patients (n=33), identified by a positive nucleic acid test of a nasopharyngeal swab, as compared to COVID-19-negative control patients (n=16). Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses specifically identified alterations in the metabolism of tryptophan into the kynurenine pathway, which is well-known to be involved in regulating inflammation and immunity. Indeed, the observed changes in tryptophan metabolism correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Metabolomics analysis also confirmed widespread dysregulation of nitrogen metabolism in infected patients, with decreased circulating levels of most amino acids, except for tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway, and increased markers of oxidant stress (e.g., methionine sulfoxide, cystine), proteolysis, and kidney dysfunction (e.g., creatine, creatinine, polyamines). Increased circulating levels of glucose and free fatty acids were also observed, consistent with altered carbon homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. Metabolite levels in these pathways correlated with clinical laboratory markers of inflammation and disease severity (i.e., IL-6 and C-reactive protein) and renal function (i.e., blood urea nitrogen). In conclusion, this initial observational study of the metabolic consequences of COVID-19 infection in a clinical cohort identified amino acid metabolism (especially kynurenine and cysteine/taurine) and fatty acid metabolism as correlates of COVID-19, providing mechanistic insights, potential markers of clinical severity, and potential therapeutic targets. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20102491 id: cord-309629-7jtnhn65 author: Thomas, Viju title: International society for gynecologic endoscopy (ISGE) guidelines and recommendations on gynecological endoscopy during the evolutionary phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-08-26 words: 4633.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309629-7jtnhn65.txt summary: We recommend, during minimal access surgeries, to use strategies to reduce production of bioaerosols (such as minimal use of energy, experienced surgeon), to reduce leakage of smoke aerosols (for example, minimizing the number of ports used and size of incisions, as well as reducing the operating pressures) and to promote safe elimination of smoke during surgery and during the ports'' closure (such as using gas filters and smoke evacuation systems). We recommend, during minimal access surgeries, to use strategies to reduce production of bioaerosols (such as minimal use of energy, experienced surgeon), to reduce leakage of smoke aerosols (for example, minimizing the number of ports used and size of incisions, as well as reducing the operating pressures) and to promote safe elimination of smoke during surgery and during the ports'' closure (such as using gas filters and smoke evacuation systems). did assess the risk of open and laparoscopic surgery to be the same provided the gas/smoke was evacuated safely and water lock filters were used or if gasless laparoscopy was performed [24] . abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised some important interrogations on minimally invasive gynaecological surgery. The International Society of gynaecological Endoscopists (ISGE) has taken upon itself the task of providing guidance and best practice policies for all practicing gynaecological endoscopists. Factors affecting decision making processes in minimal invasive surgery (MIS) vary depending on factors such as the phase of the pandemic, policies on control and prevention, expertise and existing infrastructure. Our responsibility remains ensuring the safety of all health care providers, ancillary staff and patients during this unusual period. We reviewed the current literature related to gynecological and endoscopic surgery during the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) crisis. Regarding elective surgery, universal testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection should be carried out wherever possible 40 h prior to surgery. In case of confirmed positive case of SARS-CoV-2, surgery should be delayed. Priority should be given to relatively urgent cases such as malignancies. ISGE supports medical optimization and delaying surgery for benign non-life-threatening surgeries. When possible, we recommend to perform cases by laparoscopy and to allow early discharges. Any procedure with risk of bowel involvement should be performed by open surgery as studies have found a high amount of viral RNA (ribonucleic acid) in stool. Regarding urgent surgery, each unit should create a risk assessment flow chart based on capacity. Patients should be screened for symptoms and symptomatic patients must be tested. In the event that a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 is found, every attempt should be made to optimize medical management and defer surgery until the patient has recovered and only emergency or life-threatening surgery should be performed in these cases. We recommend to avoid intubation and ventilation in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and if at all possible local or regional anesthesia should be utilized. Patients who screen or test negative may have general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery while strict protocols of infection control are upheld. Surgery in screen-positive as well as SARS-CoV-2 positive patients that cannot be safely postponed should be undertaken with full PPE with ensuring that only essential personnel are exposed. If available, negative pressure theatres should be used for patients who are positive or screen high risk. During open and vaginal procedures, suction can be used to minimize droplet and bioaerosol spread. In a patient who screens low risk or tests negative, although carrier and false negatives cannot be excluded, laparoscopy should be strongly considered. We recommend, during minimal access surgeries, to use strategies to reduce production of bioaerosols (such as minimal use of energy, experienced surgeon), to reduce leakage of smoke aerosols (for example, minimizing the number of ports used and size of incisions, as well as reducing the operating pressures) and to promote safe elimination of smoke during surgery and during the ports’ closure (such as using gas filters and smoke evacuation systems). During the post-peak period of pandemic, debriefing and mental health screening for staff is recommended. Psychological support should be provided as needed. In conclusion, based on the existent evidence, ISGE largely supports the current international trends favoring laparoscopy over laparotomy on a case by case risk evaluation basis, recognizing the different levels of skill and access to minimally invasive procedures across various countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301211520305509?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.039 id: cord-333487-zem2d4y6 author: Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark title: The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date: 2020-07-03 words: 4658.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333487-zem2d4y6.txt summary: Methods In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusions This study provides a firsthand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil, altering their habits, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing their risk of poor outcomes if infected by SARS-CoV-2. This also harmed adjustments to continue the proper follow-up and management of other diseases, including both communicable and NCDs. For these reasons, the present study aims to investigate challenges encountered by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Abstract The present study aims atidentifying main barriers faced by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Relationship between variables was established using the multiple correspondence analysis technique. Results 95.1% of respondents reduced their frequency of going outside of their homes; among those who monitored blood glucose at home during the pandemic (91.5%), the majority (59.4%) experienced an increase, a decrease or a higher variability in glucose levels; 38.4% postponed their medical appointments and/or routine examinations; and 59.5% reduced their physical activity. T1D, the youngest group, was more susceptible to presenting COVID-19 symptoms despite not being testing; whilst the TD2 group had higher frequency of comorbidities that are additional risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Conclusions This study provides a firsthand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil, altering their habits, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing their risk of poor outcomes if infected by SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304 id: cord-283259-cmim32lx author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date: 2020-04-27 words: 2052.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt summary: A February 2020 review [2] identified 24 studies from previous infectious disease outbreaks on psychological outcomes among people quarantined after being exposed to others who had been infected, including studies from severe acute respiratory syndrome in mainland There are important limitations, however, that reduce our ability to easily apply that evidence to decision-making in COVID-19; among them, (1) few studies used validated mental health outcome measures; To this end, in partnership with the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, we are launching a living systematic review [7] to evaluate (1) levels of mental health symptoms, prioritizing studies that assess changes in symptoms from pre-COVID-19 or compare concurrent samples between participants with different experiences with COVID-19 (e.g., those infected versus healthy comparison sample); (2) factors associated with levels or changes in symptoms during COVID-19, and (3) the effect of interventions on mental health symptoms during COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022399920304542 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110113 id: cord-328908-2004vp48 author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study date: 2020-10-03 words: 2650.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328908-2004vp48.txt summary: title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with continuous change and ≥ 1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) change for anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0; MCID = 4.0) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; MCID = 3.0) symptoms, controlling for pre-COVID-19 levels. Our objective was to compare anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 scale 11, 12 ) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 13 ) symptoms before and after onset of COVID-19 among people with SSc, including (1) continuous score changes; (2) proportion with change scores of at least one minimal clinically important difference (MCID); (3) proportion initially under a cutoff threshold who changed by at least 1 MCID and reached the threshold; and (4) factors associated with changes, including country, comparing results from Canada, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. abstract: Introduction No studies have reported mental health symptom comparisons prior to and during COVID-19 in vulnerable medical populations. Objective To compare anxiety and depression symptoms among people with a pre-existing medical condition and factors associated with changes. Methods Pre-COVID-19 Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort data were linked to COVID-19 data from April 2020. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with continuous change and ≥ 1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) change for anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0; MCID = 4.0) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; MCID = 3.0) symptoms, controlling for pre-COVID-19 levels. Results Mean anxiety symptoms increased 4.9 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0 to 5.7). Depression symptom change was negligible (0.3 points; 95% CI -0.7 to 0.2). Compared to France (N = 159), adjusted anxiety symptom change scores were significantly higher in the United Kingdom (N = 50; 3.3 points, 95% CI 0.9 to 5.6), United States (N = 128; 2.5 points, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.2), and Canada (N = 98; 1.9 points, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.8). Odds of ≥1 MCID increase were 2.6 for the United Kingdom (95% CI 1.2 to 5.7) but not significant for the United States (1.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.9) or Canada (1.4, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.5). Older age and adequate financial resources were associated with less continuous anxiety increase. Employment and shorter time since diagnosis were associated with lower odds of a ≥ 1 MCID increase. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms, but not depression symptoms, increased dramatically during COVID-19 among people with a pre-existing medical condition. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399920308242?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110262 id: cord-345860-d02x3151 author: Thome, Johannes title: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients date: 2020-05-29 words: 1741.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345860-d02x3151.txt summary: However, during the COVID-19 outbreak, our clinic was informed, without prior consultation or notice, by the district court that judges'' visits to acute psychiatric wards in order to review patients under restraint or coercive measures would be discontinued, and that effectively personal hearings would be suspended. This raises the question of how these fundamental values and principles, such as the "respect for individual rights" and the "protection of individuals" [4] , can be translated into the specific medico-legal framework of psychiatry and mental health service provision. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as “less important” than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to “advocate for … patients and their caregivers” in this time of crisis [1]. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32468988/ doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.58 id: cord-326058-x40l8ljx author: Thompson, H. A. title: The projected impact of mitigation and suppression strategies on the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal: A modelling study date: 2020-07-04 words: 4693.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326058-x40l8ljx.txt summary: We calibrate a dynamical model of COVID-19 transmission to these data to investigate the potential impact of different mitigation and suppression strategies on mortality and health system capacity and explore possible future trajectories of the still nascent epidemic in Senegal. If contact rates can be reduced by 60% compared to pre-epidemic levels (representing an additional 40% reduction on top of the average estimate from control measures to date) then the short term increases in cases would be much less rapid. In Scenario 5, given the current limited ICU capacity, suppression would need to be triggered at low incidence (six new cases requiring ICU care, sensitivity analysis to the trigger choice is shown in Additional file 1: Figure S5 ), and combined with enhanced suppression periods with a 75% reduction in contacts, to keep both general hospital and critical care services within capacity. abstract: Background: Physical distancing measures that reduce social contacts have formed a key part of national COVID-19 containment and mitigation strategies. Many Sub-Saharan African nations are now facing increasing numbers of cases of COVID-19 and there is a need to understand what levels of measures may be required to successfully reduce transmission. Methods: We collated epidemiological data along with information on key COVID-19 specific response policies and health system capacity estimates for services needed to treat COVID-19 patients in Senegal. We calibrated an age-structured SEIR model to these data to capture transmission dynamics accounting for demography, contact patterns, hospital capacity and disease severity. We simulated the impact of mitigation and suppression strategies focussed on reducing social contact rates. Results: Senegal acted promptly to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and as a result has reduced the reproduction number from 1.9 (95% CI 1.7-2.2) to 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.5), which has slowed but not fully interrupted transmission. We estimate that continued spread is likely to peak in October, and to overwhelm the healthcare system with an estimated 77,400 deaths(95% CI 55,270-100,700). Further reductions in contact rates to suppress transmission (Rt<1) could significantly reduce this burden on healthcare services and improve overall health outcomes. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Senegal has already significantly reduced transmission. Enhanced physical distancing measures and rapid scale up of hospital capacity is likely to be needed to reduce mortality and protect healthcare infrastructure from high levels of demand. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.20144949 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.03.20144949 id: cord-303651-fkdep6cp author: Thompson, Robin N. title: Key questions for modelling COVID-19 exit strategies date: 2020-08-12 words: 11567.0 sentences: 587.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt summary: This leads to a roadmap for future research (figure 1) made up of three key steps: (i) improve estimation of epidemiological parameters using outbreak data from different countries; (ii) understand heterogeneities within and between populations that affect virus transmission and interventions; and (iii) focus on data needs, particularly data collection and methods for planning exit strategies in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) where data are often lacking. Three key steps are required: (i) improve estimates of epidemiological parameters (such as the reproduction number and herd immunity fraction) using data from different countries ( §2a-d); (ii) understand heterogeneities within and between populations that affect virus transmission and interventions ( §3a-d); and (iii) focus on data requirements for predicting the effects of individual interventions, particularly-but not exclusively-in data-limited settings such as LMICs ( §4a-c). abstract: Combinations of intense non-pharmaceutical interventions (lockdowns) were introduced worldwide to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Many governments have begun to implement exit strategies that relax restrictions while attempting to control the risk of a surge in cases. Mathematical modelling has played a central role in guiding interventions, but the challenge of designing optimal exit strategies in the face of ongoing transmission is unprecedented. Here, we report discussions from the Isaac Newton Institute ‘Models for an exit strategy’ workshop (11–15 May 2020). A diverse community of modellers who are providing evidence to governments worldwide were asked to identify the main questions that, if answered, would allow for more accurate predictions of the effects of different exit strategies. Based on these questions, we propose a roadmap to facilitate the development of reliable models to guide exit strategies. This roadmap requires a global collaborative effort from the scientific community and policymakers, and has three parts: (i) improve estimation of key epidemiological parameters; (ii) understand sources of heterogeneity in populations; and (iii) focus on requirements for data collection, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries. This will provide important information for planning exit strategies that balance socio-economic benefits with public health. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13012v4.pdf doi: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1405 id: cord-342734-37xduboo author: Thomé, Beatriz C. title: Ethical Considerations for Restrictive and Physical Distancing Measures in Brazil During COVID-19: Facilitators and Barriers date: 2020-11-09 words: 2579.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342734-37xduboo.txt summary: Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. We have witnessed a political polarization of COVID-19 response and a lack of clear federal public health measures to tackle the pandemic, undermining the potential positive effects of a harmonized response. Improving testing capacity, coupled with ensuring adequate care for COVID-19 patients, would potentially facilitate the assessment of the pandemic impact in the various communities and redirect public health measures accordingly. Each country will have its own challenges and social and cultural specificities when implementing public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. All efforts should be put in place so that the population is well informed during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the reasons behind physical isolation along with other strategies and feels supported and included in the response. abstract: COVID-19 was recognized as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. Adherence to restrictive and physical distancing measures depends on the general acceptance of public health measures as well as communities’ financial leverage. This article aims to explore and discuss ethical facilitators and barriers to the implementation of physical distancing measures within three dimensions: political, socio-economic, and scientific. Furthermore, we would like to discuss ways to ethically promote restrictive and physical distancing measures in a large and unequal country like Brazil. There is an urgent need for transparent, consistent, and inclusive communication with the public, respecting the most vulnerable populations and attempting to minimize the disproportionate burden on them. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33169249/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10023-w id: cord-270784-cmhtpxz7 author: Thorakkattil, Shabeer A. title: Structural and operational redesigning of patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services and its effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 2593.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270784-cmhtpxz7.txt summary: RESULTS: As a result of the structural and operational changes made in patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 48% prescriptions requests and 90% prescriptions fills are increased through online health portal application. CONCLUSION: The access to ambulatory care pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic has been successfully maintained via medication home delivery, remote area pickup locations, pharmacy call-center consultations and refill requests, online health portal application services, and other measures, while reducing the number of physical visits to the JHAH hospital/clinic to ensure compliance with infection control and prevention measures. Person-and patient-centered interventions applied within JHAH ambulatory care pharmacy services due to COVID-19 pandemic include the following: (I) General pharmacy infection control and prevention measures, (II) access to medication management care measures, (III) business continuity and staffing measures, and (IV) medication automation-related measures. abstract: BACKGROUND: The newly emerged coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has collapsed the entire global health care system. Due to these settings, a lot of strategic changes are adopted by healthcare facilities to ensure continuity in patient-centered services. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structural and operational changes made in ambulatory care pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of patient-centered interventions and consequent access to medication management care within Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care ambulatory care pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing patient-centered key performance indicators before and during COVID-19 pandemic for a total of 4 months. RESULTS: As a result of the structural and operational changes made in patient-centered ambulatory care pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 48% prescriptions requests and 90% prescriptions fills are increased through online health portal application. A three-fold increase in the pharmacy call center utilization resulted in around 10% abandoned calls. In the number of physical visits to ambulatory care pharmacies, a 37% reduction was also noted. The decrease in staff schedule efficiency and an increase in average prescription waiting time were also noticed. The prescription collection through remote area pick up locations, and medication home delivery services were successful during COVID-19 pandemic as supported by statistical data. CONCLUSION: The access to ambulatory care pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic has been successfully maintained via medication home delivery, remote area pickup locations, pharmacy call-center consultations and refill requests, online health portal application services, and other measures, while reducing the number of physical visits to the JHAH hospital/clinic to ensure compliance with infection control and prevention measures. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S155174112030766X doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.017 id: cord-258122-hkm9agqg author: Thorlund, Kristian title: A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 words: 459.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258122-hkm9agqg.txt summary: In response to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, clinical trial research assessing the efficacy and safety of clinical candidate interventions to treat COVID-19 are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Findings from randomised clinical trials that have been published as of April 21, 2020, have investigated the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir compared with standard of care, 1 hydroxychloroquine compared with best supportive care, 2 favipiravir compared with arbidol, 3 and lopinavir-ritonavir compared with arbidol. Most of these trials will offer comparative efficacy data versus standard of care according to local COVID-19 treatment guidelines, but a handful of randomised controlled trials will also provide headto-head evidence between high profile interventions. Trials for COVID-19 are then mapped according to geographical, trial, patient, and intervention characteristics, when these data are available. Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589750020300868 doi: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30086-8 id: cord-306721-18tmaw2i author: Thorne, C.J. title: COVID-19 Resuscitation guidelines: a blanket rule for everyone? date: 2020-06-20 words: 632.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306721-18tmaw2i.txt summary: Both the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the Resuscitation Council UK 1 have published guidelines for cardiac arrest management in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases which differs substantially from the 2015 ALS guidelines 2 . Other hospitals use the 2015 ALS algorithm for ''clean'' wards and the COVID-19 algorithm for infected wards, with PPE for clean wards being personal preference. As members of hospital cardiac arrest teams, we wish to share our experience of the implementation of COVID-19 resuscitation guidelines. Whilst in this particular case the patient had a good outcome, there is a risk of harm in future cases from the delayed initiation of resuscitation related to COVID-19 guidelines being applied outside of the context for which they were intended. Resuscitation Council UK Statement on COVID-19 in relation to CPR and resuscitation in acute hospital settings Public Health England: Guidance COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE) abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0300957220302495 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.013 id: cord-287281-x30fx97e author: Thorpy, Michael title: Management of Sleep Apnea in New York City during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-18 words: 3637.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287281-x30fx97e.txt summary: With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. The three main objectives of the survey were as follows: 1) To discover how patients were coping with COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their sleep apnea and PAP use, 2) To determine whether PAP usage changed after the onset of the outbreak in terms of adherence, and 3) To find out if patients were concerned about whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their sleep apnea and, if they became infected, whether COVID-19 might result in greater complications because of the presence of sleep apnea. Interestingly, many of the COVID-19 severe illness risk factors are also well-known comorbidities of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder estimated to affect over 29 million people in the U.S. alone. abstract: With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. COVID-19 is associated with an increased mortality in the elderly and particularly those with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, features which are typically seen in patients with OSA. This article describes the COVID-19 environment in New York City in which patients were evaluated and treated for OSA. A telephone questionnaire survey of 112 OSA patients determined the occurrence of COVID-19 in the sleep apnea population and the patients’ perspective on sleep apnea Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) management during the COVID-19 outbreak. The three main objectives of the survey were as follows: 1) To discover how patients were coping with COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their sleep apnea and PAP use, 2) To determine whether PAP usage changed after the onset of the outbreak in terms of adherence, and 3) To find out if patients were concerned about whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their sleep apnea and, if they became infected, whether COVID-19 might result in greater complications because of the presence of sleep apnea. The adjustment in clinical management of OSA patients is described both during the peak of the outbreak in NYS, as well as the proposed modifications that will be instituted in order to return to full sleep center activities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945720303142?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.013 id: cord-331910-s474ecvk author: Thota, Sai Manohar title: Natural products as home‐based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-17 words: 8669.0 sentences: 457.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331910-s474ecvk.txt summary: Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. In this context, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of natural products that are actively used in alternative/ traditional medicines to treat many of the acute pulmonary infections, routinely seen in COVID-19 patients. Importantly, these pre-clinical studies highlight the efficacy of garlic in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis, lung injury, and sepsis-associated organ failure, all of which are symptoms observed in patients with advanced COVID-19 infection. Taken together, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that vitamin-C could have promising therapeutic benefits in individuals with pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, acute lung injury, and multiple organ dysfunction all of which are observed in advanced COVID-19 patients. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6794 doi: 10.1002/ptr.6794 id: cord-255492-50vo8bnc author: Thureau, Sébastien title: Adapting palliative radiation therapy for bone metastases during the Covid-19 pandemic: GEMO position paper date: 2020-04-13 words: 1795.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255492-50vo8bnc.txt summary: This is particularly the case for radiotherapy of bone metastases for which it is possible to reduce the number of sessions, the frequency of transport and the complexity of treatments. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. It is essential to adapt the medical treatment as much as possible and to avoid palliative radiotherapy in patients controlled by level 1 to 3 oral analgesics. -Statement 1: Palliative radiotherapy remains an important option for patients experiencing significant pain, diminished quality of life and reduced autonomy as a result of bone metastases. abstract: The current health crisis caused by COVID-19 is a challenge for oncology treatment, especially when it comes to radiotherapy. Cancer patients are already known to be very fragile and COVID-19 brings about the risk of severe respiratory complications. In order to treat patients safely while protecting medical teams, the entire health care system must optimize the way it approaches prevention and treatment at a time when social distancing is key to stemming this pandemic. All indications and treatment modalities must be re-discussed. This is particularly the case for radiotherapy of bone metastases for which it is possible to reduce the number of sessions, the frequency of transport and the complexity of treatments. These changes will have to be discussed according to the organization of each radiotherapy department and the health situation, while medical teams must remain vigilant about the risks of complications of bone metastases, particularly spinal metastases. In this short piece, the members of the GEMO (the European Study Group of Bone Metastases) offer a number of recommendations to achieve the above objectives, both in general and in relation to five of the most common situations on radiation therapy for bone metastases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100291 doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100291 id: cord-332066-8mdg6172 author: Thway, A. M. title: Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-COV-2 in Myanmar date: 2020-08-04 words: 2895.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332066-8mdg6172.txt summary: The data series of COVID-19 cases were extracted from the daily official reports of the Ministry of Health and Sports (MOHS), Myanmar and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Myanmar. The critical importance are epidemiologic investigations to characterize mode of transmission, reproduction number, serial interval, and clinical spectrum of infection in order to reform and refine strategies that can stop the spread of COVID-19 [21] . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 doi: medRxiv preprint 5 The Epidemiological parameter included epidemic curve, basic reproduction number (R 0 ), serial interval and close contact of a confirmed case. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 doi: medRxiv preprint With regard epidemiological contact, 4 clusters of cases were obviously detected in Myanmar. Current basic reproduction number (R 0 ) and serial interval was estimated based on available reported data. Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Myanmar, first COVID-19 reported cases were identified on 23rd March 2020. There were 336 reported confirmed cases, 261 recovered and 6 deaths through 13th July 2020. The study was a retrospective case series and all COVID-19 confirmed cases from 23rd March to 13th July 2020 were included. The data series of COVID-19 cases were extracted from the daily official reports of the Ministry of Health and Sports (MOHS), Myanmar and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Myanmar. Among 336 confirmed cases, there were 169 cases with reported transmission events. The median serial interval was 4 days (IQR 3, 2-5) with the range of 0 - 26 days. The mean of the reproduction number was 1.44 with (95% CI = 1.30-1.60) by exponential growth method and 1.32 with (95% CI = 0.98-1.73) confident interval by maximum likelihood method. This study outlined the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic parameters of COVID-19 in Myanmar. The estimation parameters in this study can be comparable with other studies and variability of these parameters can be considered when implementing disease control strategy in Myanmar. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.02.20166504 id: cord-012856-53ep0kty author: Thyagarajan, Rama title: Timing of surgery after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection date: 2020-07-03 words: 1100.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012856-53ep0kty.txt summary: In such circumstances, employers and local public health authorities may choose to apply more stringent recommendations, such as a test-based strategy, if feasible, or a requirement for a longer period of isolation after illness resolution." 5 Another important concern is risk of postoperative complications in newly recovered COVID-19 patients. 9,10 A recent international multicenter cohort study of 1,128 COVID positive patients undergoing emergent (74%) and elective (26.1%) surgeries noted that pulmonary complications occurred in 51.2% of patients with a 30-day mortality of 38% (82% of all deaths were due to COVID-19 infection). 6, 8 Between 2 and 4 weeks after symptom onset, we recommend a test-based strategy due to insufficient data that recovered COVID patients are completely uninfectious. As more COVID-19-positive patients recover, it will also be important to perform postoperative studies related to timing of surgery and risk factors for poor outcomes. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471566/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.325 id: cord-355395-rckzi8vz author: Tian, Dandan title: Hepatic complications of COVID‐19 and its treatment date: 2020-05-21 words: 2896.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355395-rckzi8vz.txt summary: SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via ACE2. Considering limited number of autopsy cases in patients with COVID-19 studied and the relatively low expression of ACE2 in liver, liver damage directly caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of hepatocytes deserves further investigation. It was speculated that in addition to the virus itself causing liver injury, immune injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia and hypoxia reperfusion injury, and drug-induced injury may be the main mechanisms that cause secondary liver injury in patients with COVID-19 [11] [12] 14, 27 . Patients with COVID-19 have varying degrees of hypoxemia, with more than 40% requiring oxygen therapy 5 Drug hepatotoxicity( Figure 2) In China, the incidence of drug-induced liver injury is second only to viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease (including alcoholic and non-alcoholic). abstract: COVID‐19 is highly contagious and has a variety of clinical manifestations, it can affect a number of other organs in addition to the lungs, and liver injury may occur. SARS‐CoV‐2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via ACE2. Clinical studies have found that liver injury in COVID‐19 patients mainly manifests as abnormal liver biochemical indicators, but there have been no reports of liver failure caused by this disease. The number of COVID‐19 patients with liver injury is increasing, and the incidence of liver injury in COVID‐19 patients with severe disease are higher than in patients with mild disease. Liver injury may be a risk factor for progresses and worsens in patients with COVID‐19, and it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of liver injury in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437004/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26036 id: cord-338904-kavbrg1h author: Tian, Jianbo title: Challenges and recommendations for cancer care in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-15 words: 1746.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338904-kavbrg1h.txt summary: We also identified advanced tumor stage [OR = 2.60 (95% CI = 1.05-6.43); P = 0.039], higher ECOG scores [per 1-point increase Moreover, other multicenter studies have identified potential risk factors for mortality among patients with cancer and COVID-19 (Figure 1) [6] [7] [8] [9] . Several other reports involving small sample sizes have focused on patients with cancer and COVID-19 and have found that cancer patients are not only more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection but also are at high risk of developing more severe events than the general population 3,10,11 . Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944386/ doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0300 id: cord-262784-r9gq2oan author: Tian, Suochen title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date: 2020-05-12 words: 3729.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. Patient diagnosis, release from quarantine, and disease severity among all cases were determined according to the "Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia" issued by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (8, 9) . The present study retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics, epidemiological history, chronic underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, complications, chest computed tomography (CT) findings, biochemical features, disease severity, treatment plans, and outcomes of 37 patients. abstract: Objective: This study aimed to identify additional characteristics and features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by assessing the clinical courses among COVID-19 patients in a region outside Hubei province. Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. According to the duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine, the patients were divided into the ≤20 and >20-day groups, and the similarities and differences between them were compared. Results: Among the 37 patients, five had mild disease, 30 had moderate disease, one had severe disease, and one was critically ill. All of the patients were released from quarantine, and no mortality was observed. The average duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine was 20.2 ± 6.6 days. The average duration from symptom onset to hospitalization was 4.1 ± 3.7 days, and the patients were hospitalized for an average of 16.1 ± 6.2 days. The average age was 44.3 ± 1.67 years, and 78.4% of cases were caused by exposure to a patient with confirmed disease or the workplace of a patient with confirmed disease. The main symptoms were cough (67.6%), fever (62.2%), shortness of breath (32.4%), fatigue (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%), vomiting, and diarrhea (21.6%). White blood cell count was decreased in 27.0% of patients, and lymphocyte count was decreased in 62.2% of the patients, among whom 43.5% patients had counts of ≤0.6 × 10(9)/L. On admission, 86.5% of patients showed pneumonia in chest CT scans, including some asymptomatic patients, while 68.8% of patients showed bilateral infiltration. In the >20-day group, the average age was 49.9 ± 1.38 years, and the average duration from symptom onset to hospitalization was 5.5 ± 3.9 days. Compared with the ≤20-day group, patients in the >20-day group were older and the duration was longer (P < 0.05). All of the seven asymptomatic patients belonged to the ≤20-day group. When the 37 patients were released from quarantine, the white blood cell count of 16.2% of the patients was <4.0 × 10(9)/L, the lymphocyte count of 59.5% of the patients was <1.1 × 10(9)/L, and the absolute counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes were 5.02 ± 1.34 × 10(9)/L and 1.03 ± 0.34 × 10(9)/L, respectively, compared with those recorded on admission (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study area were mild and moderate, with good clinical outcomes. There were some special characteristics in the clinical course. The reasons for differences in the duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine were complex. There was no significant change in the number of granulocytes at the time of release from quarantine compared to that at the time of admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574322/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00210 id: cord-270238-5esd2eti author: Tian, T. title: Risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 in 2692 counties of the United States date: 2020-05-21 words: 2509.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270238-5esd2eti.txt summary: A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. Design: A negative binomial design was applied to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 on April 15, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-variant cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to April 15, 2020. We collected the number of cumulative confirmed cases and total deaths from March 1 to April 15, 2020, for counties in the United States from the New York Times(9). Residential segregation between non-White and White in was the significant factor associated with the mortality of COVID-19 across the three classes of counties as shown in Figure 3 . abstract: Background: The number of cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the United States has risen sharply since March. A county health ranking and roadmaps program has been established to identify factors associated with disparity in mobility and mortality of COVID-19 in all counties in the United States. Objective: To find out the risk factors associated with mortality of COVID-19 with various levels of prevalence. Design: A negative binomial design was applied to the county-level mortality counts of COVID-19 on April 15, 2020 in the United States. In this design, the infected counties were categorized into three levels of infections using clustering analysis based on time-variant cumulative confirmed cases from March 1 to April 15, 2020. Setting: United States Participants: COVID-19 patients in various counties of the United States from March 1 to April 15, 2020. Measurements: The county-level cumulative confirmed cases and mortality of COVID-19. Results. 2692 infected counties were assigned into three classes where the mild, moderate, and severe prevalence of infections were identified, respectively. Several risk factors are significantly associated with the mortality of COVID-19, where Hispanic (0.024, P=0.002), female (0.253, P=0.027), elder (0.218, P=0.017) and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific islander (2.032, P=0.027) individuals are more vulnerable to the mortality of COVID-19. More locations open to exercise (0.030, P=0.004), higher levels of air pollution (0.184, P=0.044), and segregation between non-White and White increased the mortality rate. Limitation: The study relied on mortality data on April 15, 2020. Conclusion. The mortality of COVID-19 depends on sex, ethnicity, and outdoor environment. The increasing awareness of these significant factors may lead to the reduction in the mortality rate of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.18.20105544v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20105544 id: cord-274324-obhrbxu4 author: Tian, Wenjie title: Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis date: 2020-05-22 words: 3017.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274324-obhrbxu4.txt summary: Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 published articles involving 4659 patients is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the demographic features, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities that are associated with mortality in COVID-19. In this meta-analysis, we found that baseline cardiometabolic disease and evidence of increased acute inflammation and end-organ damage (cardiac, renal, liver and hematologic) on admission were associated with increased risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection. Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: Mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in COVID‐19 patients remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from January 1 to April 24, 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID‐19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1‐3.1; P<0.00001), coronary heart disease (OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.1‐6.9; P<0.00001) and diabetes (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.7‐2.3; P<0.00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst COVID‐19 patients. Those who died, compared to those who survived, differed on multiple biomarker levels on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI 19.0‐69.4; P=0.0006); C‐reactive protein (+66.3 µg/mL, 95% CI 46.7‐85.9; P<0.00001); interleukin‐6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI 3.6‐5.6; P<0.00001); D‐dimer (+4.6 µg/mL, 95% CI 2.8‐6.4; P<0.00001); creatinine (+15.3 µmol/L, 95% CI 6.2‐24.3; P=0.001) and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI 2.6‐8.8; P=0.0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (‐3.7 g/L, 95% CI ‐5.3 to ‐2.1; P<0.00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end‐organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID‐19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32441789/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26050 id: cord-346102-0fwf1m28 author: Tien, Homer title: Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 1825.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346102-0fwf1m28.txt summary: 1 Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. 1 Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides guidance on airframe selection for transporting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) patients. For northern communities, Ornge has augmented three remote health care facilities with additional ventilators Critical care transport and COVID-19 from our own stockpile. However, we have modified our operating practice to allow for two ventilated patients to be transported in select private air carrier aircraft with our OSRT paramedics. In Southern Ontario, Ornge has partnered with Toronto Paramedic Services (TPS) to develop a plan for transporting multiple critically ill COVID-19 patients in the TPS ambulance bus (Figure 2 ). Air ambulances and critical care transport providers are operationally-focused organizations that can play a critical role during pandemics. abstract: Critical care transport organizations are nimble, operationally focused institutions that can aid in managing crises. Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. From 12 bases, Ornge operates four PC-12 Next Generation fixed wing (FW) aircraft, eight AW-139 rotary wing (RW) aircraft, and four critical care land ambulances (CCLA) on a 24/7 basis. Ornge also contracts with private air carriers to provide lower acuity air ambulance services. Ornge performs over 20,000 patient-related transports annually. We discuss Ornge's approach to preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and identify potential unconventional roles. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.400 doi: 10.1017/cem.2020.400 id: cord-300378-m7p3d3k1 author: Tiirinki, Hanna title: COVID-19 pandemic in Finland – preliminary analysis on health system response and economic consequences date: 2020-08-27 words: 7870.0 sentences: 453.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300378-m7p3d3k1.txt summary: This paper provides an overview of Finland''s healthcare system, COVID-19 trends, policy interventions, health response data and the economic and financial impact of the pandemic. When COVID-19 was listed as a generally hazardous communicable disease by the Government Decree in February, the authorities were given special powers as included in the Communicable Diseases Act. Under the Emergency Powers Act municipalities and hospital districts could also deviate from the time limits for non-urgent healthcare, except for the assessment of the need for care. (1) In mid-August 2020, after new increase in the COVID-19 incidence, THL released a firmer recommendation on the use of face mask in public transport as well as in cases with suspicion on the infection, such returning to Finland from high incidence country. The approach has come to a test in early August 2020 when, after the lifting of the restrictions, the reported numbers of diagnosed COVID-19 infections have started to increase indicating the possible start of the second wave of pandemic in Finland. abstract: OBJECTIVES: : The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the impact of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 on health policy, social- and health system, and economic and financing system to prevent, treat, contain and monitor the virus in Finland. METHODS: : This study provides early outcomes of health policy measures, social- and health system capacity as well as economic challenges in COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. This paper is based available documents and reports of different ministries and social, health and economic authorities collected online. This was complemented by other relevant pandemic data from Finland. RESULTS: : The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Finnish society has been unpredictable although it has not been as extensive and massive than in many other countries. As the situation evolved the Government took strict measures to stop the spread of the virus (e.g. Emergency Powers Act). Available information shows that the economic consequences will be drastic also in Finland, albeit perhaps less dramatic than in large industrial economies. CONCLUSIONS: : Finland has transferred gradually to a “hybrid strategy”, referring to a move from extensive restrictive measures to enhanced management of the epidemic. However, health system must be prepared for prospective setback. It is possible, that COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of digital health services and telemedicine in Finnish healthcare system. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2211883720300770 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.005 id: cord-338481-jox35yg1 author: Tijjani, Salman Jidda title: Is Nigeria prepared and ready to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in its conflict-affected northeastern states? date: 2020-05-27 words: 1870.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338481-jox35yg1.txt summary: Although the case fatality rate is very low as at 2nd of April [3] , there are public health concerns that the community transmissions of COVID-19 in Nigeria may exponentially rise in the coming weeks, and wreak havoc to nearly seven million people in dare need of humanitarian assistance across the conflict-affected Northeastern part of Nigeria [4] [5] [6] , which has since seen its first case of COVID-19 reported in Bauchi state on the 24th of March, 2020 [2] . The second factor which is anticipated to make COVID-19 response very challenging in this vulnerable population is the high prevalence of poverty, double burden of endemic infectious, and noncommunicable diseases [10] which has been on the increase since the emergence of the Boko Haram insurgency that has devastated the Northeastern part of Nigeria [7] . abstract: Northeastern Nigeria has over the decade suffered from the Boko Haram insurgency and is still in the process of recovery from the complex humanitarian crisis that has displaced and subjected millions of vulnerable children, women and elderly population to poverty, disease outbreaks, hunger and malnutrition. Yet, the conflict-affected states in Northeastern Nigeria is not far away from being the worse-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent public health preventive measures are not taken to contain the spread of the deadly and highly infectious virus. The question arises, “what is Nigeria doing to tackle the burden of a COVID-19 spread and an ongoing humanitarian crisis? url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01192-6 doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01192-6 id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 words: 7222.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt summary: If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that ''The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency'' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319151/ doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15029 id: cord-337430-c2vdnml7 author: Timpka, Toomas title: Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic date: 2020-05-02 words: 2261.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337430-c2vdnml7.txt summary: In December 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan reported an outbreak of SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection that causes the Covid-19 disease, an atypical pneumonia [1] . The national public health agencies choose social distancing regulations based on an overall assessment of how critical certain activities are for society as a whole and whether motivation to comply with the rules can be assumed. During the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, effectively all population-level interventions include the recommendation that social contacts with the elderly, and especially the senior elderly, are to be reduced to an absolute minimum. Sports organisations should develop a pandemic response strategy that addresses the needs of its athletes and coaches, while complying with the regulations and recommendations issued by the government and national public health agency. The temporary frameworks for organised sports practice and competitions must be developed based on the social distancing and quarantine protocols activated during the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32361898/ doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01288-7 id: cord-255440-ls1l2mlg author: Tindle, Courtney title: Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-18 words: 9951.0 sentences: 525.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255440-ls1l2mlg.txt summary: Besides the approaches described so far, there are a few more approaches used for modeling COVID-19-(i) 3D organoids from bronchospheres and tracheospheres have been established before (Hild and Jaffe, 2016; Rock et al., 2009; Tadokoro et al., 2016) and are now used in apical-out cultures for infection with SARS-COV-2 (Suzuki et al., 2020); (ii) the most common model used for drug screening is the air-liquid interphase (ALI model) in which pseudo-stratified primary bronchial or small airway epithelial cells are used to recreate the multilayered mucociliary epithelium (Mou et al., 2016; Randell et al., 2011) ; (iii) several groups have also generated 3D airway models from iPSCs or tissue-resident stem cells (Dye et al., 2015; Ghaedi et al., 2013; Konishi et al., 2016; McCauley et al., 2017; Miller et al., 2019; Wong et al., 2012) ; (iv) others have generated AT2 cells from iPSCs using closely overlapping protocols of sequential differentiation starting with definitive endoderm, anterior foregut endoderm, and distal alveolar expression (Chen et al., 2017; Gotoh et al., 2014; Huang et al., 2014; Jacob et al., 2017; Jacob et al., 2019; Yamamoto et al., 2017) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type-II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Infected ALO-monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection, whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19, which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and vet new therapies and vaccines. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Human lung organoids with mixed proximodistal epithelia are created Proximal airway cells are critical for viral infectivity Distal alveolar cells are important for emulating host response Both are required for the overzealous response in severe COVID-19 IN BRIEF An integrated stem cell-based disease modeling and computational approach demonstrate how both proximal airway epithelium is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, but distal differentiation of alveolar pneumocytes is critical for simulating the overzealous host response in fatal COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106807/ doi: 10.1101/2020.10.17.344002 id: cord-286144-6wtk5y7c author: Tini, Giulia title: Semantic and Geographical Analysis of COVID-19 Trials Reveals a Fragmented Clinical Research Landscape Likely to Impair Informativeness date: 2020-06-29 words: 2334.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286144-6wtk5y7c.txt summary: Results: We observe a clear prevalence of monocentric trials with highly heterogeneous endpoints and a significant disconnect between geographic distribution and disease prevalence, implying that most countries would need to recruit unrealistic percentages of their total prevalent cases to fulfill enrolment. In the present work, we defined structured semantic ontologies with controlled vocabularies to categorize trial interventions, study endpoints, and study designs, and we conducted an analysis of the growth rate, geographical distribution, and trial characteristics of COVID-19-related trials, highlighting a number of relevant features that may impair the possibility of obtaining reliable and transferable results within the current framework. We highlight a number of peculiar characteristics of this clinical research landscape: extremely rapid growth, substantial geographical and methodological incoherence, an unusual funding pattern, prevalence of monocentric trials, and extreme heterogeneity in the interventions tested. abstract: Background: The unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on modern society has ignited a “gold rush” for effective treatment and diagnostic strategies, with a significant diversion of economic, scientific, and human resources toward dedicated clinical research. We aimed to describe trends in this rapidly changing landscape to inform adequate resource allocation. Methods: We developed an online repository (COVID Trial Monitor) to analyze in real time the growth rate, geographical distribution, and characteristics of COVID-19 related trials. We defined structured semantic ontologies with controlled vocabularies to categorize trial interventions, study endpoints, and study designs. Analyses are publicly available at https://bioinfo.ieo.it/shiny/app/CovidCT. Results: We observe a clear prevalence of monocentric trials with highly heterogeneous endpoints and a significant disconnect between geographic distribution and disease prevalence, implying that most countries would need to recruit unrealistic percentages of their total prevalent cases to fulfill enrolment. Conclusions: This geographically and methodologically incoherent growth casts doubts on the actual feasibility of locally reaching target sample sizes and the probability of most of these trials providing reliable and transferable results. We call for the harmonization of clinical trial design criteria for COVID-19 and the increased use of larger master protocols incorporating elements of adaptive designs. COVID Trial Monitor identifies critical issues in current COVID-19-related clinical research and represents a useful resource with which researchers and policymakers can improve the quality and efficiency of related trials. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00367 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00367 id: cord-299889-x6c3p195 author: Tirkolaee, Erfan Babaee title: Sustainable fuzzy multi-trip location-routing problem for the epidemic outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-11-10 words: 3029.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299889-x6c3p195.txt summary: Therefore, in this study, a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to formulate the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) for medical waste management in the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) is introduced to address the collection, transportation and disposal processes considering the priorities of services and available budget of the system. Here to address the sustainable development, the objectives are defined to concurrently minimize the total traveling time of waste-collection vehicles, total violation from time windows (service priorities) and the number of people live around disposal sites. (2012) designed a multi-objective framework for routing of HAZMAT between generating nodes and disposal sites with the aim of total transportation cost and risk minimization. Developing an applied algorithm for multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows in urban waste collection: A case study abstract: The performance of waste management system has been recently interrupted and encountered a very serious situation due to the epidemic outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). To this end, the handling of infectious medical waste has been particularly more vital than ever. Therefore, in this study, a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to formulate the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) for medical waste management in the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives are to concurrently minimize the total traveling time, total violation from time windows/service priorities and total infection/environmental risk imposed on the population around disposal sites. Here, the time windows play a key role to define the priority of services for hospitals with a different range of risks. To deal with the uncertainty, a fuzzy chance-constrained programming approach is applied to the proposed model. A real case study is investigated in Sari city of Iran to test the performance and applicability of the proposed model. Accordingly, the optimal planning of vehicles is determined to be implemented by the municipality, which takes 19.733 hours to complete the processes of collection, transportation and disposal. Finally, several sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the behavior of the objective functions against the changes of controllable parameters and evaluate optimal policies and suggest useful managerial insights under different conditions. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720371382?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143607 id: cord-308018-qao9wxzq author: Tisdell, Clement A. title: Economic, social and political issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-20 words: 8269.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308018-qao9wxzq.txt summary: (1) It contains a brief historical and comparative overview of selected pandemics, particularly in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) It provides a simple original model which could be used to prioritize the admission of COVID-19 sufferers to hospital (taking into account available hospital capacity) and (3) it specifies a second model to evaluate desired social choices involving the trade-off between the severity of social restrictions (taking into account their impact on the incidence of COVID-19) and the level of economic activity. This is followed up by a critical discussion of the desirability of isolating social groups in order to control the incidence of COVID-19 and possibly reduce economic losses from the pandemic. (2020) develop a model from which they conclude that the isolation of individuals belonging to particular social groups is an effective means of limiting the number of deaths from and the incidence of COVID-19 and the economic loss from the virus. abstract: This article contributes to the assessment of public policies to control the incidence of COVID-19 in several ways. (1) It contains a brief historical and comparative overview of selected pandemics, particularly in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) It provides a simple original model which could be used to prioritize the admission of COVID-19 sufferers to hospital (taking into account available hospital capacity) and (3) it specifies a second model to evaluate desired social choices involving the trade-off between the severity of social restrictions (taking into account their impact on the incidence of COVID-19) and the level of economic activity. Bergson-type welfare functions are utilized in the second model. It also critically examines the proposition that the isolation (lockdown) of social groups is a desirable method of limiting the incidence of COVID-19. This leads onto the consideration of the extent to which personal freedom of choice (liberty) ought to be restricted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A brief outline follows illustrating the factors that are likely to hinder economic recovery from COVID-19. Particular attention is paid to the moral and ethical questions raised by policies to control COVID-19. These appear to have received little attention in the relevant economic literature. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0313592620304082 doi: 10.1016/j.eap.2020.08.002 id: cord-251945-v077hhgk author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib as Treatment of COVID-19 Friend or Foe of the Pancreas? Cerda-Contreras et.al date: 2020-08-14 words: 728.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251945-v077hhgk.txt summary: The cytopathic effects from local virus replication and significant inflammation associated with severe disease may contribute to pancreatic tissue damage in patients with COVID-19. New onset type I diabetes mellitus and worsening type II diabetes mellitus have been linked to damage of pancreatic islet cells in patients with COVID-19 3 , further supporting the tropism of SARS-CoV2 for the pancreas and the potential damaging effects to that organ. We also note that in addition, the patient received treatment with steroids and propofol, both of which have been independently associated with acute pancreatitis 4-6 . In targeting the hyper-inflammation that is associated with severe COVID-19, timing of immunomodulatory therapy is key, and combining potent immuno-modulators requires caution to avoid tipping the balance in favor of enhanced viral replication. Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute pancreatitis: Case report on three family members abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797235/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1212 id: cord-295270-6ptaxg74 author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Response to Correspondence: Baricitinib – Impact on COVID-19 Coagulopathy? Jorgensen et. al. date: 2020-08-14 words: 501.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295270-6ptaxg74.txt summary: authors: Titanji, Boghuma K; Farley, Monica M; Schinazi, Raymond F; Marconi, Vincent C Baricitinib through its immunomodulatory effects as highlighted by Jorgensen et.al may in fact be beneficial in terms of reducing coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19, which is thought to be primarily mediated by hyper-inflammation and endothelial damage. All of the cohort studies of baricitinib for COVID-19 treatment led to significant decline in inflammatory M a n u s c r i p t markers for patients who received the drug 2,3,8 . Regarding baricitinib, ACTT2 should provide clarity on the VTE issue in the near future and its role in the treatment of COVID-19 in moderate to severe patients. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial Use of Baricitinib in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 Vincent Marconi and Raymond F Schinazi are partially funded by -Emory University Center for AIDS Research (AI050409). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32797226/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1210 id: cord-307660-onz6vfre author: Titanji, Boghuma K title: Use of Baricitinib in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 1084.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307660-onz6vfre.txt summary: Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Virus Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to over 8 million confirmed infections worldwide with an estimated global mortality of 5.6% as of June 17 th 2020 1 . Patients had laboratory confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing of oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal or tracheal aspirate samples and were treated at the discretion of the medical team with a combination of hydroxychloroquine and baricitinib if they fulfilled at least one of the following criteria: 1) evidence of pneumonia on lung imaging and requiring supplemental oxygen on admission or development of a new oxygen requirement during the course of their hospitalization 2) moderate disease requiring hospitalization (e.g., severe diarrhea requiring volume resuscitation, encephalopathy, evidence of end-A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t organ damage); 3) elevated or rising inflammatory markers during hospitalization. abstract: Cytokine storm and hyperinflammation are associated with increased mortality in COVID-19. In this small uncontrolled cohort of patients with moderate-severe COVID-19, treatment with baricitinib plus hydroxychloroquine was associated with recovery in 11 of 15 patients. Baricitinib for the treatment of COVID-19 should be further investigated in randomized controlled clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa879 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa879 id: cord-258505-4ec9n4d0 author: Titov, Nickolai title: Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 2337.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258505-4ec9n4d0.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Trends in contact with a high volume national digital mental health service (DMHS), the MindSpot Clinic, provide a unique opportunity to assess the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence the data collected by MindSpot on large samples of people from all over Australia provides an opportunity to evaluate the early psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and may assist in service planning. This report examines service demand, symptom profiles, and concerns of MindSpot users during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, from 19 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Patients using MindSpot during this early pandemic period reported a broad range of concerns, including greater anxiety, but also concerns about issues such as where to access COVID-19 tests, financial insecurity, and how to adjust to isolation and other changes in lifestyle, including having children at home, being unable to visit family members and friends, and advice about supporting people in isolation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Trends in contact with a high volume national digital mental health service (DMHS), the MindSpot Clinic, provide a unique opportunity to assess the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Three methods were used to assess changes in responses to COVID-19. First, website visits and call centre traffic were compared across two time periods: the “comparison period” (1 September 2020 to 28 September 2019), and during the early weeks of the “COVID-19 pandemic” (19 March 2020 to 15 April 2020). Second, demographic and symptom data were compared across all patients who started an assessment during the comparison (n = 1650) and the COVID-19 period (n = 1668). Third, responses to questions about the impact of COVID-19 introduced to the assessment from 19 March 2020, and reports from treating therapists were examined. RESULTS: There was an 89% increase in website visits and a 90% increase in telephone calls to the clinic in the early COVID-19 period compared to the comparison period. There was a higher proportion of females in the COVID-19 sample (76.9% vs. 72.9), and a lower proportion reported being in employment (52.8% vs. 60.8%). There was a small but significant increase in the severity of anxiety symptoms, and an increase in the number of people reporting recent onset of anxiety and depression. However, there were no differences between groups in severity of symptoms of distress or depression. Most people (94%) reported concern about the impact of COVID-19, and 88% reported making changes in lifestyle. Older adults had higher levels of concern about COVID-19. Therapists reported that patients were concerned about how to access testing, manage quarantine, financial security and the effect of social isolation. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has resulted in a significant increase in contact with an established DMHS, but we have not yet detected increases in baseline symptom severity. With the prospect of prolonged restriction of movement, DMHS such as MindSpot could play an important role in both providing clinical services and monitoring the mental health of the population. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214782920300683 doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100327 id: cord-281561-r10y2sgb author: Tiwari, Nidhi title: Novel β-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Current and Future Aspects of Pharmacological Treatments date: 2020-08-27 words: 6877.0 sentences: 384.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281561-r10y2sgb.txt summary: Another invitro study reported that Ribavirin, analogue of guanosine nucleotide having wide spectrum of antiviral activity, used along with LPV/RTV to treat SARS-COV-2 viral infection in china (ChiCTR2000029387) . reported remdesivir shows possible efficacy better as compared to placebo group in hospitalized patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effectiveness and safety concern of darunavir/cobicistat combination is being evaluated under development of clinical trials phase 3 by enrolling 30 COVID-19 patients and estimated completion of study on December 31, 2020. Recently, retrospective cohort study showed high dose of anakinra (5 mg/kg, BD,iv) produces beneficial and efficacious effects in 72% Covid-19 infected patients associated with ARDS (Cavalli et al., 2020) . Based on case study of patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and also confirmed severe pneumonia and ARDS treated with i.v. infusion of eculizumab along with anticoagulant therapy (Enoxaparin 4000 IU/day s.c), antiviral therapy (LPV 800 mg/day + RTV 200 mg/day), hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day, ceftriaxone 2 g/day IV, vitamin C 6 g/day for 4 days. abstract: The novel coronavirus outbreak has reported to be rapidly spreading across the countries and becomes a foremost community health alarm. At present, no vaccine or specific drug is on hand for the treatment of this infectious disease. This review investigates the drugs, which are being evaluated and found to be effective against nCOVID-19 infection. A thorough literature search was performedon the recently published research papers in between January 2020 to May 2020, through various databases like “Science Direct”, “Google Scholar”, “PubMed”,“Medline”, “Web of Science”, and “World Health Organization (WHO)”. We reviewed and documented the information related with the current and future aspects for the management and cure of COVID-19. As of 21st July, 2020 a total of 14,562,550 confirmed cases of coronavirus and 607,781 deaths have been reported world-wide. The main clinical feature of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic disease to mild lower respiratory tract illness to severe pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction, and death. The drugs at present used in COVID-19 patients and ongoing clinical trials focusing on drug repurposing of various therapeutic classes of drug e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory drugs along with adjuvant/supportive care. Many drugs on clinical trials shows effective results on preliminary scale and now used currently in patients. Adjuvant/ supportive care therapy are used in patients to get the best results in order to minimize the short and long-term complications. However, further studies and clinical trials are needed on large scale of population to reach any firm conclusion in terms of its efficacy and safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.015 id: cord-328988-q6j2njm8 author: Tocto-Erazo, M. title: Lockdown, relaxation, and ACME period in COVID-19: A study of disease dynamics on Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico date: 2020-08-22 words: 4652.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328988-q6j2njm8.txt summary: In general, one of the main 29 purposes of mathematical models has been the evaluation of the effects of different governmental 30 interventions and also providing to decision-makers with more elements for responding to a need, susceptible, exposed, asymptomatically infected, symptomatically infected, hospitalized, quarantined, recovered and dead individuals, respectively. the COVID-19 outbreak in Hermosillo, Sonora, like the ACME value and ACME date, but also we 10 were able to explore different intervention schemes such as: changes in the beginning and lifting 11 restriction dates, variation in the population proportions that return to usual activities on June 01, 12 2020 (a date fixed by Federal Government), and also the possibility of exploring some other periods 13 where people break the confinement. In order to obtain this information we defined the following variables with respect to the model: later to explore other dynamics related to dates of lockdown implementation and levels of 23 relaxation. abstract: Lockdown and social distancing measures have been implemented for many countries to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent overwhelming of health services. However, success on this strategy depends not only on the timing of its implementation, but also on the relaxation measures adopted within each community. At the request of Sonoran Health Ministry, we developed a mathematical model to evaluate the impacts of the lockdown implemented in Hermosillo, Mexico. We compared this intervention with some hypothetical ones, varying the starting date and also the population proportion that is released, breaking the confinement. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo study was performed by considering three scenarios to define our baseline dynamics. Results showed that a hypothetical delay of two weeks, on the lockdown measures, would result in an early ACME around May 9 for hospitalization prevalence and an increase on cumulative deaths, 42 times higher by May 31, when compared to baseline. On the other hand, in respect of relaxation dynamics, the ACME levels depend on the proportion of people who gets back to daily activities or the individual behavior regarding prevention measures. It is important to stress that, according to information provided by health authorities, the ACME occurring time was closed to the one given by our model. Hence, we considered that our model resulted useful for the decision-making assessment, and that an extension of it can be used for the study of a potential second wave. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.20.20178509v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178509 id: cord-152881-k1hx1m61 author: Toda, Alexis Akira title: Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) Dynamics of COVID-19 and Economic Impact date: 2020-03-25 words: 4655.0 sentences: 361.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt txt: ./txt/cord-152881-k1hx1m61.txt summary: This paper aims to help decision making by building a mathematical epidemic model, estimating it using the up-to-date data of COVID-19 cases around the world, making out-of-sample predictions, and discussing optimal policy and economic impact. Due to the high transmission rate and lack of herd immunity, in the absence of mitigation measures such as social distancing, the virus spreads quickly and may infect around 30 percent of the population at the peak of the epidemic. 4 Although the fraction of cases c(t) is likely significantly underestimated because infected individuals do not appear in the data unless they are tested, it does not cause problems for estimating the parameter of interest (the transmission rate β) because under-reporting is absorbed by the constant y 0 in (2.3b), which only affects the onset of the epidemic by a few weeks without changing the overall dynamics (see Figure 5 ). abstract: I estimate the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) epidemic model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The transmission rate is heterogeneous across countries and far exceeds the recovery rate, which enables a fast spread. In the benchmark model, 28% of the population may be simultaneously infected at the peak, potentially overwhelming the healthcare system. The peak reduces to 6.2% under the optimal mitigation policy that controls the timing and intensity of social distancing. A stylized asset pricing model suggests that the stock price temporarily decreases by 50% in the benchmark case but shows a W-shaped, moderate but longer bear market under the optimal policy. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.11221v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-035138-7v92aukg author: Tognoni, Gianni title: Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date: 2020-11-10 words: 5060.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt summary: Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the ''health'' concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. 1 Their cumulative experience, derived from the insides of these most diverse scenarios, has provided them with a solid confirmation of what has emerged with a growing consensus also in the most prestigious ''scientific'' literature, in the last 10 years: structural inequality is the direct product and the expected outcome of the mainstream models of development, which trigger a highly visible impact on the rights to health and life, and prove to be a systemic source of in-human levels of inequity (Evans 2020 ). abstract: Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the ‘health’ concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. The article analyses COVID-19 both in the characteristics of its global dynamics and in its concrete management, as performed in a model medium income country, Argentina. In a world which has progressively assigned market values and goods an absolute strategic and political priority over the health needs and the rights to health of individual and peoples, the recognition of health as human right is confined to aspirational recommendations and rather hollowed out declarations of good will. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653451/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00269-7 id: cord-263371-1ozoq3hb author: Togun, Toyin title: Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes date: 2020-05-23 words: 4023.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt summary: Tuberculosis remains a global health emergency and needs our attention more than ever, given that significant resources are now being diverted to COVID-19 management. We discussed issues of how COVID-19 would affect control programmes: prioritisation of services, availability of drugs, the effect on hard-to-reach and low-income communities and the role of stigmatisation, how paediatric TB disease might be affected, the possibility of increased disease transmission or disease susceptibility, and the problems caused by likely co-morbidity. COVID-19 will potentially worsen patient care and TB control efforts in Africa, given the likely negative impact of the pandemic at the macroeconomic, health system and individual levels in Africa. The majority of children in LMIC are not seen by dedicated paediatric specialists, and many general physicians and nurses usually available for their care will be seconded to dealing with adult patients affected by severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 instead. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has currently overtaken every other health issue throughout the world. There are numerous ways in which this will impact existing public health issues. Here we reflect on the interactions between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB), which still ranks as the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally. There may be grave consequences for existing and undiagnosed TB patients globally, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where TB is endemic and health services poorly equipped. TB control programmes will be strained due to diversion of resources, and an inevitable loss of health system focus, such that some activities cannot or will not be prioritised. This is likely to lead to a reduction in quality of TB care and worse outcomes. Further, TB patients often have underlying co-morbidities and lung damage that may make them prone to more severe COVID-19. The symptoms of TB and COVID-19 can be similar, with for example cough and fever. Not only can this create diagnostic confusion, but it could worsen the stigmatization of TB patients especially in LMICs, given the fear of COVID-19. Children with TB are a vulnerable group especially likely to suffer as part of the “collateral damage”. There will be a confounding of symptoms and epidemiological data through co-infection, as happens already with TB–HIV, and this will require unpicking. Lessons for COVID-19 could be learned from the vast experience of running global TB control programmes, while the astonishingly rapid and relatively well co-ordinated response to COVID-19 demonstrates how existing programmes could be significantly improved. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-020-00363-1 doi: 10.1186/s12941-020-00363-1 id: cord-311327-50s8sja3 author: Toh, Vi Vien title: Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date: 2020-07-03 words: 142.0 sentences: 20.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311327-50s8sja3.txt summary: key: cord-311327-50s8sja3 authors: Toh, Vi Vien; Antrum, John Henry George; Sloan, Brendan; Austin, Orla; Muthayya, Preetha title: Management of COVID-19 in burns patients: The experience of a UK burn centre date: 2020-07-03 journal: Burns DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.026 sha: doc_id: 311327 cord_uid: 50s8sja3 nan We had two male patients who presented to the local Accident X-ray (Fig. 3) None. Management 153 strategies for the burn ward during COVID-19 pandemic Managing chronic wounds during 155 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Guidance 159 for discharge and ending isolation in the context of widespread 160 community transmission of COVID-19-first update Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Antibody 165 responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus 166 disease 2019 Evaluating the 169 COVID-19 testing: the 174 threat of false-negative results abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.026 doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.026 id: cord-011620-f3uw74w7 author: Tokuç, Burcu title: Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 1221.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011620-f3uw74w7.txt summary: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic interrupted many things in the world, it also disrupted medical education. In Turkey, in recent years, medical faculties have been trying to transform medical education into individualized, virtual education by reducing classic lectures, using more technology for laboratory lessons, promoting active, self-learning, and integrating education. In most medical schools in Turkey, during the first three years of education, students were in physical environments only for laboratory practices or small group lessons, like problem-based learning (PBL) discussions, and they did not attend traditional lectures. The measures taken by China and Canada in the SARS outbreak in the early 2000s are known, but medical schools all around the world were unprepared for the pandemic. Although some aspects of education in many faculties have been individualized for "anytime/anywhere"-asynchronous learning in recent years, students must gather for lessons such as laboratory sessions, bedside practices, and case/patient presentations and discussions. Medical Student Education in the time of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285660/ doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2020.2020.4.003 id: cord-262073-7bhoyg4o author: Tolu, Lemi Belay title: Managing Resident Workforce and Residency Training During COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review of Adaptive Approaches date: 2020-08-10 words: 2976.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262073-7bhoyg4o.txt summary: We divided the data obtained into six thematic areas: resident staffing, clinical education, surgical education, didactic teaching, research activity, and accreditation process. The clinical education and handson training are affected by the disruption of formal health care delivery like elective surgeries, disruption of skill-based teaching activities, and deployment of residents to COVID-19 related service. 7 Considering the above facts, we did a scoping review to synthesize evidence on adaptive (innovative) ways of maintaining residency education activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. 12 Resident clinical education (Morning, case presentations, bedsides, round, seminars (management session), journal club) Few residency programs suspend resident clinical teachings 9 while many residency training programs designed alternative innovative technologies to maintain resident clinical education during COVID-19 pandemic. Different innovative alternative teaching methods were evolving to substitute the former face to face teaching to maintain residency didactic, clinical, surgical education, and research activity. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review available adaptive residency training approaches and management of the resident workforce in different residency programs amid COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Websites of different professional associations and international or national specialty accreditation institutions were searched. We looked for English studies (any form), reviews or editorials, perspectives, short or special communications, and position papers on residency education during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were also searched using keywords. Two independent reviewers extracted data using a customized tool that was developed to record the key information relevant to the review question. The two authors resolved their difference in data extraction by discussion. RESULTS: We identified 13 documents reporting on residency education during pandemics. Three were articles, 5 short or special communications, and the rest editorials and perspectives. We divided the data obtained into six thematic areas: resident staffing, clinical education, surgical education, didactic teaching, research activity, and accreditation process. CONCLUSION: Residency programs must reorganize the resident’s staffing and provide appropriate training to ensure the safety of residents during the pandemic. There are feasible adaptive approaches to maintaining residency training in the domains of didactic teaching, clinical education, and some research activities. Although some innovative virtual surgical skills training methods are implemented in limited surgical residency disciplines, their effectiveness is not well examined. Guidance and flexibility of the accreditation bodies in ensuring the competency of residents is one component of the adaptive response. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s262369 doi: 10.2147/amep.s262369 id: cord-278993-w5aa0elj author: Tonetti, Tommaso title: Use of critical care resources during the first 2 weeks (February 24–March 8, 2020) of the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-10-12 words: 3922.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278993-w5aa0elj.txt summary: We retrospectively studied consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed Covid-19 who were referred to the hospitals of the Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna regions during the first 2 weeks of the Italian outbreak (February 24March 8, 2020) . The present study describes how the Italian health-care system of three northern Italian regions responded to the increasing need for clinical resources for critically ill patients during the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak through the 28.7% increase in ICU beds and the increasing use of non-invasive respiratory support outside the ICU. Our data show that, compared to patients admitted to the ICU, patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older, had more comorbidities and had a higher PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and a lower PaCO 2 . abstract: BACKGROUND: A Covid-19 outbreak developed in Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna (Italy) at the end of February 2020. Fear of an imminent saturation of available ICU beds generated the notion that rationing of intensive care resources could have been necessary. RESULTS: In order to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on the ICU capacity to manage critically ill patients, we performed a retrospective analysis of the first 2 weeks of the outbreak (February 24–March 8). Data were collected from regional registries and from a case report form sent to participating sites. ICU beds increased from 1545 to 1989 (28.7%), and patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU increased from 4 (0.6%) to 260 (37.0%). Patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU were significantly older [65 vs. 77 years], had more cerebrovascular (5.8 vs. 13.1%) and renal (5.3 vs. 10.0%) comorbidities and less obesity (31.4 vs. 15.5%) than patients admitted to the ICU. PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio, respiratory rate and arterial pH were higher [165 vs. 244; 20 vs. 24 breath/min; 7.40 vs. 7.46] and PaCO(2) and base excess were lower [34 vs. 42 mmHg; 0.60 vs. 1.30] in patients receiving respiratory support outside the ICU than in patients admitted to the ICU, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in ICU beds and use of out-of-ICU respiratory support allowed effective management of the first 14 days of the Covid-19 outbreak, avoiding resource rationing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33044646/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00750-z id: cord-311316-j79nmq0j author: Tony, Abeer Abdelhady title: COVID-19-associated sleep disorders: A case report date: 2020-09-12 words: 1454.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311316-j79nmq0j.txt summary: PURPOSE: We reported one patient infected with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) presented with sleep disorders; insomnia and restless leg syndrome. RESULTS: A 49-year-old female patient presented with insomnia and restless leg syndrome associated with anosmia, ageusia. Interestingly, We describe a case of COVID-19-associated sleep disorders as presenting symptoms . In this study, we expressed a case with PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection presented with sleep disorders. In our PCR positive COVID-19 case, the main presenting sleep disorders were insomnia and restless leg syndrome. [7] who suggested that altered sleep during infection is a component of the acute phase response, promoting recovery during illness, likely through mechanisms that involve cytokines and interleukins and their receptors, as well as receptors of the innate immune system. In conclusion, we described a patient with confirmed PCR COVID-19 infection who presented by fever, asthenia, insomnia and restless leg syndrome with good outcome. At present, the full clinical spectrum of patients with COVID-19 with sleep disorders remains to be characterized. abstract: PURPOSE: We reported one patient infected with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) presented with sleep disorders; insomnia and restless leg syndrome. METHODS: Patient data were obtained from medical records from Al-Raghy Isolation Hospital in Assuit University. RESULTS: A 49-year-old female patient presented with insomnia and restless leg syndrome associated with anosmia, ageusia. Three days before, she had developed a cough, malaise and athenia, headache, arthralgia, myalgia affecting mainly upper limbs, diarrhea and a fever followed by tachypnea. The naso-oropharyngeal swab test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by qualitative real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assay was positive. The patient was treated with Oseltamivir 75mg and clarithromycin 500 mg (12 hourly for each respectively) for 10 days with paracetamol. Two weeks later, the patient made a complete neurological and respiratory recovery. CONCLUSION: Our case highlighted the rare occurrence of restless leg syndrome and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The era of sleep disorders spectrum in patients with COVID-19 remains to be characterized suggesting a frightening scientific association between COVID-19 and neuropsychiatric illness. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100057 doi: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100057 id: cord-303023-rwfiug2c author: Toombs, Jessica title: Pneumococcal co‐infection in Covid‐19 patients date: 2020-07-08 words: 416.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303023-rwfiug2c.txt summary: It is well established that seasonal viral respiratory tract infections have been linked to increased risk of bacterial co-infection [1] and current evidence suggests that the This article is protected by copyright. In keeping with good medical practice, these should only be continued when there is strong clinical or microbiological evidence of bacterial infection, regardless of Covid-19 test results, and should be de-escalated once the specific organisms are identified. Although these cases might suggest bacterial co-infection is rare and difficult to clinically distinguish from Covid-19, larger studies are required to clarify this. How do viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections? Pneumococcal superinfection in COVID-19 patients: a series of 5 cases Low rate of bacterial co-infection in patients with COVID-19. Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases. Precautions are needed for COVID-19 patients with co-infection of common respiratory pathogens COVID-19 rapid guideline: antibiotics for pneumonia in adults in hospital. abstract: We would like to report our experience of 2 patients co‐infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) in the United Kingdom. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26278 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26278 id: cord-285642-43sqmffe author: Topriceanu, C.-C. title: Inequality in access to health and care services during lockdown - Findings from the COVID-19 survey in five UK national longitudinal studies date: 2020-09-14 words: 4911.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285642-43sqmffe.txt summary: Interpretation: The UK government''s lockdown approach during the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have deepened existing health inequalities, impacting predominantly females, ethnic-minorities and those with chronic illnesses. Separate regression models were using sex, ethnicity, SEP and presence of chronic illness as predictors of cancelled appointments or number of care hours needed during lockdown. In the meta-analysis, higher number of care hours was associated with ethnic minorities (OR 0·53 [0·35, 0·79], I 2 =34·17%), and with the presence of chronic illness (OR 2·20 [1·72, 2·56], I 2 =13·22%, Table 5 ). Individuals with a chronic illness were more likely to experience cancelled healthcare appointments and greater care needs during the UK national lockdown generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Bar charts illustrating the percentage of participants requiring support based on the number of care hours needed during the UK COVID-19 national lockdown stratified by sex, ethnicity and the presence of chronic illness across the cohorts. abstract: Background: Access to health services and adequate care is influenced by sex, ethnicity, socio-economic position (SEP) and burden of co-morbidities. However, it is unknown whether the COVID-19 pandemic further deepened these already existing health inequalities. Methods: Participants were from five longitudinal age-homogenous British cohorts (born in 2001, 1990, 1970, 1958 and 1946). A web and telephone-based survey provided data on cancelled surgical or medical appointments, and the number of care hours received during the UK COVID-19 national lockdown. Using binary or ordered logistic regression, we evaluated whether these outcomes differed by sex, ethnicity, SEP and having a chronic illness. Adjustment was made for study-design, non-response weights, psychological distress, presence of children or adolescents in the household, keyworker status, and whether participants had received a shielding letter. Meta-analyses were performed across the cohorts and meta-regression evaluated the effect of age as a moderator. Findings: 14891 participants were included. Females (OR 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.27,1.55]) and those with a chronic illness (OR 1.84 [1.65-2.05]) experienced significantly more cancellations during lockdown (all p<0.0001). Ethnic minorities and those with a chronic illness required a higher number of care hours during the lockdown (both OR approx. 2.00, all p<0.002). Age was not independently associated with either outcome in meta-regression. SEP was not associated with cancellation or care hours. Interpretation: The UK government's lockdown approach during the COVID-19 pandemic appears to have deepened existing health inequalities, impacting predominantly females, ethnic-minorities and those with chronic illnesses. Public health authorities need to implement urgent policies to ensure equitable access to health and care for all in preparation for a second wave. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.12.20191973v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20191973 id: cord-031938-oe5gf257 author: Tor, Phern-Chern title: Model for ethical triaging of electroconvulsive therapy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-19 words: 2274.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031938-oe5gf257.txt summary: • disruption of routine care delivery during the crisis, leading to increased risk of harm to patients'' health • increased risk of patients getting COVID-19 owing to lack of ECT (e.g. delayed discharge from hospital while their illness resolves more slowly and higher vulnerability to COVID-19 among severely mentally ill patients 9 ) • increased risk of patients getting COVID-19 while attending for ECT (e.g. repeated out-patient appointments for ECT, requiring patients to travel more frequently) • increased risk to the team delivering ECT, due to the higher risk of infection from patients receiving general anaesthesia and potential aerosolisation of patients'' respiratory material Applying these principles to clinical scenarios Applying Emanuel et al''s principles and the ECT-specific considerations outlined above, a high-priority patient might be a young healthcare worker in your healthcare institution with no psychiatric history and admitted for an acute onset of psychotic depression, catatonic symptoms and a serious suicide attempt, whose family is supportive of ECT. abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an essential treatment for severe mental illnesses such as depression with suicidality and catatonia. However, its availability is being threatened by resource limitations and infection concerns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This may necessitate the triage of patients for ECT but there is no established ethical framework to prioritise patients. We offer an application of an ethical framework for use of scare medical resources in the ECT setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492578/ doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.99 id: cord-329351-g9qlo3xh author: Toraih, Eman A. title: Association of cardiac biomarkers and comorbidities with increased mortality, severity, and cardiac injury in COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐regression and Decision tree analysis date: 2020-06-12 words: 1905.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329351-g9qlo3xh.txt summary: Decision tree analysis by combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features was applied to predict mortality and severity in COVID‐19 patients. Pairwise comparison meta-analysis was conducted; 29 articles to compare between the severe and non-severe presentation of COVID-19 disease, 7 records to compare between cohorts who developed cardiac injury and those who are not, 6 records to compare between patients who were admitted to the ICU and those admitted to the general hospital ward and 16 studies to compare between survivors and expired patients ( Figure 1A) . Combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features, decision tree analysis was used to predict mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients. After conversion of SMD to OR, meta-analysis showed that patients with high cTnI (OR = 5.22, 95%CI = 3.73 to 7.31, p <0.001) and AST levels (OR = 3.64, 95%CI = 2.84-4.66, p <0.001) were more likely to develop adverse outcomes for COVID-19 disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has a deleterious effect on several systems, including the cardiovascular system. We aim to systematically explore the association of COVID‐19 severity and mortality rate with the history of cardiovascular diseases and/or other comorbidities and cardiac injury laboratory markers. METHODS: The standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied to estimate pooled results from the 56 studies. The prognostic performance of cardiac markers for predicting adverse outcomes and to select the best cutoff threshold was estimated by ROC curve analysis. Decision tree analysis by combining cardiac markers with demographic and clinical features was applied to predict mortality and severity in COVID‐19 patients. RESULTS: A meta‐analysis of 17,794 patients showed patients with high cardiac troponin I (OR=5.22, 95%CI=3.73‐7.31, p<0.001) and AST levels (OR=3.64, 95%CI=2.84‐4.66, p<0.001) were more likely to develop adverse outcomes. High troponin I >13.75 ng/L combined with either advanced age >60 years or elevated AST level >27.72 U/L was the best model to predict poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: COVID‐19 severity and mortality are complicated by myocardial injury. Assessment of cardiac injury biomarkers may improve the identification of those patients at the highest risk and potentially lead to improved therapeutic approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32530509/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26166 id: cord-295126-lz2jbmcn author: Toresdahl, Brett G. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete date: 2020-04-06 words: 2405.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295126-lz2jbmcn.txt summary: First and foremost, preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is needed to reduce the risk of spread to individuals within a community who are most at risk of severe infection or death, which includes older individuals and the immunocompromised. Sports medicine providers can support athletes and teams during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating the following preventative measures: With these limitations, testing algorithms offered preference to patients with symptoms (fever, cough, or shortness of breath), an immunocompromised state, or close contact with someone with COVID-19. In-home isolation is recommended for athletes with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 who do not show severe symptoms. If an athlete on a sports team develops symptoms consistent with COVID-19, teammates, coaches, and other staff who had close contact with the athlete (within 6 feet) in the preceding 14 days should begin in-home isolation. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120918876 doi: 10.1177/1941738120918876 id: cord-348941-orpngirf author: Torkian, Pooya title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series date: 2020-09-17 words: 1141.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348941-orpngirf.txt summary: title: Magnetic resonance imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: The first preliminary case series In this study, we aimed to review and depict the common MRI features of COVID-19 pneumonia in our laboratory confirmed case series, the first comprehensive reported cohort in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Upon IRB approval, eight laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients who presented to our outpatient imaging clinic underwent chest CT and, once various features of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, a dedicated multisequence chest MRI was performed on the same day with an institutional protocol. A few recent studies have demonstrated radiologic features of COVID-19 pneumonia in other diagnostic modalities, like ultrasound and PET-CT (7, 8) but no dedicated report has described magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the disease. In this pilot study, we aimed to review and depict the common MRI features of COVID-19 pneumonia in our laboratory confirmed case series, the first comprehensive reported cohort in the literature. abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: There is a rising onus on understanding the common features of COVID-19 pneumonia on different imaging modalities. In this study, we aimed to review and depict the common MRI features of COVID-19 pneumonia in our laboratory confirmed case series, the first comprehensive reported cohort in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Upon IRB approval, eight laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients who presented to our outpatient imaging clinic underwent chest CT and, once various features of COVID-19 pneumonia were identified, a dedicated multisequence chest MRI was performed on the same day with an institutional protocol. Demographic data and the morphology, laterality and location of the lesions were recorded for each case. RESULTS: Five males and three females with the mean age of 40.63 ± 12.64 years old were present in this case series. Five cases had typical CT features with ground glass opacities and consolidations, readily visible on different MRI sequences. Three cases had indeterminate or atypical features which were also easily seen on MRI. The comprehensive review of MRI features for each case and representative images have been illustrated. CONCLUSION: Becoming familiar with typical findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in MRI is crucial for every radiologist. Although MRI is not the modality of choice for evaluation of pulmonary opacities, it has similar capabilities in detection of COVID-19 pneumonia when compared to chest CT. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002753/ doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.002 id: cord-035016-ipv8npdy author: Torreele, Els title: Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date: 2020-11-09 words: 5574.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt summary: Touted by many as a major tour de force, the ongoing ''race'' towards a vaccine is also exposing the intrinsic deficiencies of relying on for-profit pharmaceutical companies, that are governed by trade rules, financial speculation and market competition, to ensure the development of essential health technologies. This is antithetical to a collective intelligence effort that would allow scientists all over the world to creatively combine the best elements of our medical knowledge and technological advances into a diverse and innovative portfolio of vaccine candidates with the best chance to achieve our common public health goal (Torreele 2020b) . 5 A milestone resolution on transparency around medical R&D was passed at the 2019 World Health Assembly (Fletcher 2019 ), yet governments so far have failed to implement these commitments, despite huge financial investments in COVID-19 R&D that could have been used as leverage to demand transparency on scientific methods and data, as well as clinical trial costs, and set performance targets for the vaccines. abstract: Governments must become active shapers of medical innovation and drive the development of critical health technologies as global health commons. The ‘race’ for COVID-19 vaccines is exposing the deficiencies of a business-as-usual medical innovation ecosystem driven by corporate interests, not health outcomes. Instead of bolstering collective intelligence, it relies on competition between proprietary vaccines and allows the bar on safety and efficacy to be lowered, risking people’s health and undermining their trust. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649577/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00261-1 id: cord-318067-4hdeuweo author: Torrego, Alfons title: Bronchoscopy in Patients with COVID-19 with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Single-Center Experience date: 2020-07-15 words: 1876.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318067-4hdeuweo.txt summary: Bronchoscopy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has been required to manage complications (atelectasis, hemoptysis, etc.) as well as to obtain samples for microbiological cultures and to assist in the management of artificial airways (guide intubation and percutaneous tracheostomy) (3) . Because no series of intubated patients with COVID-19 submitted to bronchoscopy has been published so far, we describe our experience in performing flexible bronchoscopies in patients with COVID-19 with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic outbreak. Bronchoscopic examination included orotracheal tube positioning check, direct inspection of tracheal and bronchial mucosa, suctioning of secretions, and mucoactive agent instillation if necessary (hypertonic saline combined with hyaluronic acid), and in 63 cases, a mini-BAL with 60-ml saline aliquots at room temperature was performed just before the end of procedure for microbiological sampling. Most patients admitted to the ICU with a severe presentation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) fulfill the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) criteria (1) and require invasive mechanical ventilation (2) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-0945le doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-0945le id: cord-266150-wox7pnkr author: Torres, Juan Pablo title: SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study date: 2020-07-10 words: 4202.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266150-wox7pnkr.txt summary: Once these forms were signed, a copy was emailed to participants for their records and they were directed to a secure survey that i) asked basic demographic questions, ii) requested information on any previous RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and potential contact with any Covid-19 positive cases, and iii) asked about symptoms experienced since the outbreak (date and duration in days of each symptom). Among students, antibody positive children were younger, had a higher PCR positivity rate (in those who underwent PCR testing during the outbreak), and were more likely to self-report contact with one or more confirmed cases, as compared to seronegative children ( Table 2 ). Overall, PCR testing and contact history was significantly higher in staff compared to students, which in addition to the higher antibody positivity observed in this study, support the more significant role of adults within the outbreak, in proportion to the overall population. abstract: BACKGROUND: A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affecting 52 people from a large school community in Santiago, Chile was identified (March 12), nine days after the first country case. We assessed the magnitude of the outbreak and the role students and staff played using a self-administered antibody detection test and survey. METHODS: The school was closed on March 13, and the entire community was placed under quarantine. We implemented a home-delivery, self-administered, IgG/IgM antibody test and survey to a classroom stratified sample of students and all staff from May 4-19. We aimed to determine overall seroprevalence rates by age group, reported symptoms, contact exposure and to explore dynamics of transmission. RESULTS: Antibody positivity rates were 9.9% (95%CI: 8.2-11.8) for 1,009 students and 16.6% (95%CI: 12.1-21.9) for 235 staff. Among students, positivity was associated with younger age (P=0.01), lower grade level (P=0.05), prior RT-PCR positivity (P=0.03), and history of contact with a confirmed case (P<0.001). Among staff, positivity was higher in teachers (P=0.01) and in those previously RT-PCR positive (P<0.001). Excluding RT-PCR positive individuals, antibody positivity was associated with fever in adults and children (P=0.02; P=0.002), abdominal pain in children (P=0.001), and chest pain in adults (P=0.02). Within antibody positive individuals, 40% of students and 18% of staff reported no symptoms (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Teachers were more affected during the outbreak and younger children were at higher infection risk, likely because index case(s) were teachers and/or parents from preschool. Self-administered antibody testing, supervised remotely, proved to be a suitable and rapid tool. Our study provides useful information for school re-openings. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa955 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa955 id: cord-102557-25mu0mo9 author: Torres-Salinas, Daniel title: Daily growth rate of scientific production on Covid-19. Analysis in databases and open access repositories date: 2020-04-14 words: 2611.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102557-25mu0mo9.txt summary: The general objective of this research work is to obtain a global vision of the daily growth of scientific production on COVID-19 in different databases (Dimensions, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus-Elsevier, Pubmed and eight repositories). 2) Cuantificar del mismo modo el número de preprints diarios que se publican en los distintos repositorios y describir el fenómeno del acceso Abierto Los resultados que se alcacen en este trabajo no solo tienen un valor descriptivo de un fenómeno informativo singular, si no que nos permitirá a los profesionales de la información tener un mapa objetivo y global de aquellas de las fuentes de información y bases de datos más útiles para enfrentarnos al COVID-19 y asesorar a nuestros investigadores. La cobertura similar de dos fuentes diferentes nos permite afirmar que actualmente la producción científica sobre COVID-19 en Pubmed se sitúa en torno a las 1000 publicaciones semanales. abstract: The scientific community is facing one of its greatest challenges in solving a global health problem: COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has generated an unprecedented volume of publications. What is the volume, in terms of publications, of research on COVID-19? The general objective of this research work is to obtain a global vision of the daily growth of scientific production on COVID-19 in different databases (Dimensions, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus-Elsevier, Pubmed and eight repositories). In relation to the results obtained, Dimensions indexes a total of 9435 publications (69% with peer review and 2677 preprints) well above Scopus (1568) and WoS (718). This is a classic biliometric phenomenon of exponential growth (R2 = 0.92). The global growth rate is 500 publications and the production doubles every 15 days. In the case of Pubmed the weekly growth is around 1000 publications. Of the eight repositories analysed, Pubmed Central, Medrxiv and SSRN are the leaders. Despite their enormous contribution, the journals continue to be the core of scientific communication. Finally, it has been established that three out of every four publications on the COVID-19 are available in open access. The information explosion demands a serious and coordinated response from information professionals, which places us at the centre of the information pandemic. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06721v1.pdf doi: 10.3145/epi.2020.mar.15 id: cord-258757-vwfey8of author: Torres‐Navarro, I. title: Comment on ‘Two cases of COVID‐19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East’: pernio unrelated to COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-24 words: 714.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258757-vwfey8of.txt summary: Dear editor, we have read with interest Dr''s Alramthan and Aldaraji contribution to the spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations.1 Since COVID-19 outbreak begin, new symptoms have been described.2 Some of them, were not initially highlighted and could be a distinguishing feature of COVID-19 infection, like anosmia or ageusia.3 Therefore, it is believed that a newly reported one, so-called acute acro-ischemia is another novel clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection.4. 3 Therefore, it is believed that a newly reported symptom, termed acute acro-ischaemia, is another novel clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection. 1 The authors suggested that such skin lesions might be a new clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection in otherwise asymptomatic individuals. The two patients reported by Alramthan and Aldaraji had recently been on a trip to the UK, a colder country than Kuwait, and cold is associated with pernio. Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East abstract: Dear editor, we have read with interest Dr´s Alramthan and Aldaraji contribution to the spectrum of COVID-19 clinical manifestations.1 Since COVID-19 outbreak begin, new symptoms have been described.2 Some of them, were not initially highlighted and could be a distinguishing feature of COVID-19 infection, like anosmia or ageusia.3 Therefore, it is believed that a newly reported one, so-called acute acro-ischemia is another novel clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection.4. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356578/ doi: 10.1111/ced.14255 id: cord-356150-ivso91ln author: Torretta, Sara title: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR Using Different Sample Sources: Review of the Literature date: 2020-08-31 words: 3497.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356150-ivso91ln.txt summary: 2 Despite suboptimal detection rates, 3 collection of secretions from the upper airway by means of NPS/OPS still represents the first-line diagnostic modality to test patients and otherwise asymptomatic population for COVID-19, provided that it is early and adequately performed after onset of symptoms. 2 As a fact, reduced detection rates reflect analytical sensitivity of RT-PCR test and the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19, given that a false negative RT-PCR result could be possibly obtained both in the initial phase of the disease (ie, a few days before symptom onset) and at the ''''tail end'''' of SARS-CoV-2 infection (ie, from 20 days after symptom onset) due to a low viral load and a viral shedding below analytical RT-PCR sensitivity threshold. 3 On the basis of the reported detection rates, 4 the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (US-CDC) has recommended the collection of sole upper respiratory NPS, 2 but the US Food and Drug Administration pointed out that a negative RT-PCR test result does not completely rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection and it shall not be used as a single element for patient management decisions. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most widely used diagnostic technique for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It can be done on different samples: nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) or oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), and self-collected saliva. However, negative findings do not rule out infection. METHODS: A review was conceived to discuss advantages and limitations of the available diagnostic modalities for nonserologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 based on RT-PCR; the article also proposes some practical suggestions to improve diagnostic reliability. RESULTS: A total of 16 papers (corresponding to 452 patients) of the 56 initially identified were included. Most of the papers describe findings from different samples obtained in limited case series; comparative studies are missing. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy of NPS and OPS is suboptimal and the risk of contaminated aerosol dispersal is not negligible. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found in self-collected saliva specimens of many infected patients within 7 to 10 days after symptom onset. There is an urgent need for comparative trials to define the diagnostic modality of choice. Adequate education and training of health care personnel is mandatory. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320953231 doi: 10.1177/0145561320953231 id: cord-030197-ohz1i5uh author: Tosato, Matteo title: “Say Ninetynine”: It’s Never Too Late to Recover from COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 960.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030197-ohz1i5uh.txt summary: COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, showed higher severity and lethality in male older adults. Here we present the case of a 98-years old man admitted to our COVID-Hospital with acute respiratory failure. Patient was administered intravenous monoclonal antibodies, and he showed remarkable clinical improvement. Comprehensive, multisciplinary, multidomain approaches are needed to develop patient-tailored treatments against COVID-19. Hereby we report a case of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in an old man admitted to our COVID-hospital in Rome, Italy. Several studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against the interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab and sarilumab) in mitigating the cytokine cascade and improving the clinical course of the disease. In our case, a 98-years old patient optimally responded to off-label sarilumab with marked improvement in clinical conditions and no adverse reactions reported. Comprehensive, multisciplinary, multidomain approaches assessing, among others, comorbidity burden and frailty status, are needed to develop patient-tailored treatments against COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, showed higher severity and lethality in male older adults. There are currently no specific treatments. Studies are evaluating the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-6 receptor. Here we present the case of a 98-years old man admitted to our COVID-Hospital with acute respiratory failure. Comprehensive geriatric assessment showed no signs of frailty. First-line therapy with hydroxychloroquine and anticoagulants was not effective. Patient was administered intravenous monoclonal antibodies, and he showed remarkable clinical improvement. This case suggests that age alone should not preclude access to new therapeutic approaches. Comprehensive, multisciplinary, multidomain approaches are needed to develop patient-tailored treatments against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7412775/ doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.41 id: cord-316654-tihbi0ak author: Tosti, G. title: Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy date: 2020-05-25 words: 708.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316654-tihbi0ak.txt summary: The French Society of Dermatology has reported interesting clinical findings in 113 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak: 84/113 patients presented chilblain-like lesions, and 17 of these had a personal history of chilblains or Raynaud syndrome. 4 We have also observed some cutaneous manifestations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy during the past 5 weeks, and we report four patients who presented with lesions of the feet. A 16-year-old white girl, with a personal history of alopecia areata universalis, reported moderate Clinical and Experimental Dermatology pharyngodynia 2 weeks before the onset of erythematous plaques of both heels (Fig. 1b) , which were moderately painful. The patients did not have a personal history of chilblains or Raynaud syndrome, and were not taking any medications before the appearance of skin signs, except for the 48-year-old man, who had been taking oral paracetamol. abstract: We have read with great interest Dr Estébanez article regarding the case of a 28-year-old woman affected by COVID-19, presenting confluent erythematous-yellowish papules at both heels. After three days, the lesions persisted and became hardened erythematous plaques. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32358996/ doi: 10.1111/ced.14267 id: cord-352682-deh08rh4 author: Toughza, Jihane title: COVID-19 et Greffe de Cellules Souches Hématopoïétiques: Recommandations date: 2020-06-20 words: 1778.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352682-deh08rh4.txt summary: Rajouter la référence suivante: Ljungman et Al, BMT 13 May 2020: "The challenge of COVID 19 and HCT, EBMT recommandations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant récipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T cell therapy", https://www.nature.com/articles/s41409-020-0919-0 --Référence rajoutée Expliciter la situation au Maroc et l''organisation en place, à titre d''exemple pour les lecteurs, afin de rendre la présentation plus claire -Expérience marocaine rajoutée Examinateur n°2 : Ces patients ne sont a priori pas plus à risque de contracter le virus mais une grande partie d''entre eux est plus susceptible de développer des formes graves de l''infection COVID-19 du fait de leur fragilité secondaire à la malignité et aux traitements par chimiothérapie radiothérapie et chirurgie (3) (4) (5) . abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007455120302654?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.006 id: cord-293522-gg706q8s author: Toumi, Mondher title: Commentary on “Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial” by Gautret et al date: 2020-05-13 words: 5234.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293522-gg706q8s.txt summary: title: Commentary on "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial" by Gautret et al The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were recently published by Philippe Gautret et al. This study provides outstanding results for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over the standard of care, but the evidence was deemed insufficiently robust to warrant a public health decision to widen the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were published in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents by Philippe Gautret et al. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides information on the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in the USA to treat coronavirus 2infected patients. abstract: The results of a clinical trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin to the standard of care for the treatment of COVID-19 were recently published by Philippe Gautret et al. This study provides outstanding results for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin over the standard of care, but the evidence was deemed insufficiently robust to warrant a public health decision to widen the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. We provide a scientific critical review of the Gautret et al. publication, put the results in the context of the current knowledge, provide an evaluation of the validity of the results (from a methodologic perspective), and discuss public health implications. The study has a number of limitations, including small sample size, lack of comparability between patients in active treatment and control arms, lack of blinding, use of interim analyses without controlling for the risk of type 1 error, use of analysis in the per-protocol population instead of the intention-to-treat population, and inconsistencies between the study protocol and article. However, none of these observations is of a nature to reverse the conclusions. The study brings useful knowledge consistent with available evidence and clinical practice from China and South Korea, which could have prompted quicker policy decision-making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537099/ doi: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1758390 id: cord-316572-7ei96rrn author: Touska, P title: The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience date: 2020-09-02 words: 3267.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316572-7ei96rrn.txt summary: title: The role of transoral fine needle aspiration in expediting diagnosis and reducing risk in head and neck cancer patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era: a single-institution experience METHOD: Diagnostic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated for a series of patients undergoing transoral fine needle aspiration cytology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 22, 23, 27 Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with possible or suspected head and neck cancer at our institution would typically need to attend the hospital for clinical assessment, imaging, diagnostic biopsy of the primary lesion and panendoscopy (under general anaesthesia), before definitive treatment could be decided upon. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid alterations to diagnostic pathways for head and neck cancer patients that aim to reduce risk to patients (exposure to the hospital environment) and staff (aerosol-generating procedures). Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology offers a low-risk means of rapidly diagnosing patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal lesions. The technique was utilised in selected patients at our institution during the pandemic. The outcomes are considered in this study. METHOD: Diagnostic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated for a series of patients undergoing transoral fine needle aspiration cytology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Five patients underwent transoral fine needle aspiration cytology, yielding lesional material in 100 per cent, with cell blocks providing additional information. In one case, excision biopsy of a lymphoproliferative lesion was required for final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Transoral fine needle aspiration cytology can provide rapid diagnosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal lesions. Whilst limitations exist (including tolerability and lesion location), the technique offers significant advantages pertinent to the COVID-19 era, and could be employed in the future to obviate diagnostic surgery in selected patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873344/ doi: 10.1017/s0022215120001929 id: cord-297517-w8cvq0m5 author: Toğaçar, Mesut title: COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches date: 2020-05-06 words: 4678.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297517-w8cvq0m5.txt summary: title: COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches In this study, the data classes were restructured using the Fuzzy Color technique as a preprocessing step and the images that were structured with the original images were stacked. In the next step, the stacked dataset was trained with deep learning models (MobileNetV2, SqueezeNet) and the feature sets obtained by the models were processed using the Social Mimic optimization method. [9] performed a classification algorithm using pneumonia data, SVM as a classification method, and InceptionV3, VGG-16 models as a deep learning approach. Using pneumonia and normal chest X-ray images, they set 30% of the dataset as test data and compared the proposed approach with the existing CNNs. They achieved 89.57% classification success. The second dataset is important in this study to compare COVID-19 chest images using deep learning models. abstract: Coronavirus causes a wide variety of respiratory infections and it is an RNA-type virus that can infect both humans and animal species. It often causes pneumonia in humans. Artificial intelligence models have been helpful for successful analyses in the biomedical field. In this study, Coronavirus was detected using a deep learning model, which is a sub-branch of artificial intelligence. Our dataset consists of three classes namely: coronavirus, pneumonia, and normal X-ray imagery. In this study, the data classes were restructured using the Fuzzy Color technique as a preprocessing step and the images that were structured with the original images were stacked. In the next step, the stacked dataset was trained with deep learning models (MobileNetV2, SqueezeNet) and the feature sets obtained by the models were processed using the Social Mimic optimization method. Thereafter, efficient features were combined and classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM). The overall classification rate obtained with the proposed approach was 99.27%. With the proposed approach in this study, it is evident that the model can efficiently contribute to the detection of COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010482520301736?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103805 id: cord-285726-eav5gr3y author: Tran, B. X. title: Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature date: 2020-05-08 words: 3465.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285726-eav5gr3y.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 doi: medRxiv preprint Cumulatively, current research evidence has partly shaped our knowledge about COVID-19, but there has been still raising more questions to address , which require sharing information and providing scientific expertise and leadership of all countries to accelerate research efforts. [21] [22] [23] In this study, by using text visualization and topic modeling approaches as a part of natural language processing and machine learning, we aimed to explore the research focus in general and in countries with different levels of income and COVID-19 transmission features. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 doi: medRxiv preprint By using the natural language processing approach with the Latent Dirichlet allocation, this study was able to capture the focus of COVID-19 related publications in different settings. Global researchers were currently focusing on clinical management, viral pathogenesis, and public health responses in combating against COVID-19. abstract: An exponential growth of literature about novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been observed in the last few months. This textual analysis of 5,780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research focuses and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research focuses. Results indicated that publications were mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic were the most common topics. There was variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaboration among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of prevention and control the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.20092635v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.05.20092635 id: cord-290419-angcz55b author: Tran, Bach Xuan title: Impact of COVID-19 on Economic Well-Being and Quality of Life of the Vietnamese During the National Social Distancing date: 2020-09-11 words: 4606.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290419-angcz55b.txt summary: A cross-sectional study using a web-based approach was conducted in the second week of April 2020 to examine the influence of the national social distancing on the quality of life and economic well-being of Vietnamese citizens under COVID-19 pandemic. This study targets to provide empirical evidence about the influence of this national social distancing on quality of life and household income of Vietnamese citizens avid COVID-19, with the ultimate goal to inform the policymakers to take appropriate and timely actions for controlling the disease while ensuring both health and socioeconomic wellbeing of the general population. Our study featured a high rate of household income loss as well as impairment on some quality of life domains among the general population in Vietnam due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, this study depicted a high rate of household income loss as well as impairment on some quality of life domains among the general population in Vietnam due to the impact of COVID-19. abstract: Starting from April 1st, 2020, the nationwide partial lockdown in Vietnam has shown the effectiveness in stopping the community transmission of COVID-19, however, it also produced adverse impacts on the economy and inhabitants’ life. A cross-sectional study using a web-based approach was conducted in the second week of April 2020 to examine the influence of the national social distancing on the quality of life and economic well-being of Vietnamese citizens under COVID-19 pandemic. The data included socio-economic characteristics, impact of COVID-19 on household income, health status, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Ordered logistic regression and multivariable Tobit regression model were employed to examine factors correlated to income change and HRQOL. Results showed that among 341 participants, 66.9% reported household income loss due to the impact of COVID-19. People holding undergraduate degrees, working in other sectors rather than healthcare, and having definite-term contract had a higher likelihood of income reduction. The mean score of EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS was 0.95 (± 0.07) and 88.2 (± 11.0), respectively. The domain of Anxiety/Depression had the highest proportion of reporting any problems among 5 dimensions of EQ-5D-5L (38.7%). Being female, having chronic conditions and living in the family with 3–5 members were associated with lower HRQOL scores. A comprehensive assessment of the influence of COVID-19 along with public health interventions, especially mental health programs, should be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of this pandemic on the economic status and quality of life of citizens. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153 id: cord-307751-4r44ww59 author: Tran, Bach Xuan title: Characterize health and economic vulnerabilities of workers to control the emergence of COVID-19 in an industrial zone in Vietnam date: 2020-05-12 words: 1966.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307751-4r44ww59.txt summary: The detection of first COVID-19 infected industrial worker in Vietnam on 13 April 2020 prompted timely effort to examine the health problems, behaviors, and health services access of industrial workers to inform effective and appropriate COVID-19 control measures, minimizing the risk of industrial sites becoming the next disease cluster. Given the crowded nature of industrial factories with workers travelling to work on packed company bus from various locations in a region -the 262 patient lives in Ha Loi, Me Linh, Hanoi and likely infected by his relative, who is a confirmed case living in the same village (Vietnam Ministry of Health, 2020), with the detection of this case in Vietnam, industrial sites present a risk of becoming the next disease cluster. Industrial workers thus can be considered a vulnerable population, at higher risk of suffering more severe COVID-19 conditions should they get infected, as reports found the disease likely to develop complications on people with underlying health problems (Centers for Disease and Control abstract: The detection of first COVID-19 infected industrial worker in Vietnam on 13 April 2020 prompted timely effort to examine the health problems, behaviors, and health services access of industrial workers to inform effective and appropriate COVID-19 control measures, minimizing the risk of industrial sites becoming the next disease cluster. A search strategy involving search terms corresponding to ‘health’, ‘industrial worker’, and ‘Vietnam’ was applied to search for related papers published in English on Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Duplicates were removed, and relevant data were extracted from the full text of remaining publications. Results showed that underlying health problems, including respiratory system problems, were common among industrial workers. Many suffered occupational diseases and/or work-related injuries. Self-treatment (without medication) was the most used method when having health problems (by 28.2% to 51% of participants), followed by visiting commune health centers (24%) and self-medication (20.3%). Findings suggest a high risk of disease spreading among industrial workers and of them suffering more severe conditions when infected. Economic vulnerabilities may be the reason for workers’ reluctance to taking time off work to attend hospital/clinic. These imply a need for involving local pharmacies, commune health centers, traditional health providers or village health collaborators as local health gatekeepers who are the first point of detecting and reporting of suspected COVID-19 cases, as well as a channel where accurate information regarding COVID-19, protective equipment, and intervention packages can be delivered. Having COVID-19 testing centers at or near industrial sites are also recommended. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32398902/ doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104811 id: cord-309377-5pusd2pc author: Tran, Thi Phuong Thao title: Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success date: 2020-07-28 words: 6415.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309377-5pusd2pc.txt summary: To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government''s prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic''s progression. • On 1 April, Vietnam government enacted the Directive No. 16/CT-TTg on implementing strict social distancing rules nationwide for 15 d to prevent the spread of COVID-19. • Additionally, penalties of violations of COVID-19 prevention and control policies were imposed including not wearing masks in public places, concealing health status, opening non-essential businesses, gathering of more than 10 people, spreading ''fake news'' and others [91] . The effective results of the epidemic control to date have been largely contributed by the MOH and their drastic efforts in delivering rapid and decisive responses on all fronts from research, prevention, screening to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has hit all corners of the world, challenging governments to act promptly in controlling the spread of the pandemic. Due to limited resources and inferior technological capacities, developing countries including Vietnam have faced many challenges in combating the pandemic. Since the first cases were detected on 23 January 2020, Vietnam has undergone a 3-month fierce battle to control the outbreak with stringent measures from the government to mitigate the adverse impacts. In this study, we aim to give insights into the Vietnamese government’s progress during the first three months of the outbreak. Additionally, we relatively compare Vietnam’s response with that of other Southeast Asia countries to deliver a clear and comprehensive view on disease control strategies. METHODS: The data on the number of COVID-19 confirmed and recovered cases in Vietnam was obtained from the Dashboard for COVID-19 statistics of the Ministry of Health (https://ncov.vncdc.gov.vn/). The review on Vietnam’s country-level responses was conducted by searching for relevant government documents issued on the online database ‘Vietnam Laws Repository’ (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/en/index.aspx), with the grey literature on Google and relevant official websites. A stringency index of government policies and the countries’ respective numbers of confirmed cases of nine Southeast Asian countries were adapted from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker). All data was updated as of 24 April 2020. RESULTS: Preliminary positive results have been achieved given that the nation confirmed no new community-transmitted cases since 16 April and zero COVID-19 – related deaths throughout the 3-month pandemic period. To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government’s prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic’s progression. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam could be one of the role models in pandemic control for low-resource settings. As the pandemic is still ongoing in an unpredictable trajectory, disease control measures should continue to be put in place in the foreseeable short term. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110585/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020502 id: cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 author: Tran, Tu Anh title: CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() date: 2020-09-02 words: 338.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260332-tnz6k2z1.txt summary: key: cord-260332-tnz6k2z1 title: CT scan does not make a diagnosis of Covid-19: a cautionary case report() Here, we report the clinical case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with flu-like symptoms, cough, anosmia, ageusia, breathing difficulties, patchy ground glass opacities on TDM chest scan who turned out to be Coronavirus 229E-infected. This case must draw attention on the risk of false COVID-19 diagnosis when relying overly on CT scan imaging. RT-PCR assays of nasopharyngeal samples at admittance and 24 hours later, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In this case report, parents'' anosmia and ageusia as well as chest scanner could have been misleading. According to Kim et al., scanner screening of patients with suspected COVID-19 in low-prevalence countries has a poor positive prediction value (1%-31%) 2 . The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. abstract: Here, we report the clinical case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with flu-like symptoms, cough, anosmia, ageusia, breathing difficulties, patchy ground glass opacities on TDM chest scan who turned out to be Coronavirus 229E-infected. This case must draw attention on the risk of false COVID-19 diagnosis when relying overly on CT scan imaging. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32890723/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.073 id: cord-273175-bao8xxe2 author: Tran, Viet-Thi title: COVID-19–related perceptions, context and attitudes of adults with chronic conditions: Results from a cross-sectional survey nested in the ComPaRe e-cohort date: 2020-08-06 words: 3858.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273175-bao8xxe2.txt summary: It assessed participants'' perception of their risk of severe illness with COVID-19; their context (i.e., work, household, contacts with external people); and their attitudes in situations involving frequent or occasional contacts with symptomatic or asymptomatic people. Results of the survey were described globally and for the subgroup of patients considered at high risk of a severe illness according to the French High Council for Public Health (Box 1). Among patients at high risk of a severe illness according to the French High Council for Public Health, 5% continued working, 15% had a household member working outside of the home and 7% reported regular contacts with people outside of their home. The only variable found associated with use of face masks with asymptomatic people (or refusal to see these people) was patients'' perception of high risk of severe infection by COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.53-2.43). abstract: BACKGROUND: To avoid a surge of demand on the healthcare system due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we must reduce transmission to individuals with chronic conditions who are at risk of severe illness with COVID-19. We aimed at understanding the perceptions, context and attitudes of individuals with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic to clarify their potential risk of infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was nested in ComPaRe, an e-cohort of adults with chronic conditions, in France. It assessed participants’ perception of their risk of severe illness with COVID-19; their context (i.e., work, household, contacts with external people); and their attitudes in situations involving frequent or occasional contacts with symptomatic or asymptomatic people. Data were collected from March 23 to April 2, 2020, during the lockdown in France. Analyses were weighted to represent the demographic characteristics of French patients with chronic conditions. The subgroup of participants at high risk according to the recommendations of the French High Council for Public Health was examined. RESULTS: Among the 7169 recruited participants, 63% patients felt at risk because of severe illness. About one quarter (23.7%) were at risk of infection because they worked outside home, had a household member working outside home or had regular visits from external contacts. Less than 20% participants refused contact with symptomatic people and <20% used masks when in contact with asymptomatic people. Among patients considered at high risk according to the recommendations of the French High Council for Public Health, 20% did not feel at risk, which led to incautious attitudes. CONCLUSION: Individuals with chronic conditions have distorted perceptions of their risk of severe illness with COVID-19. In addition, they are exposed to COVID-19 due to their context or attitudes. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237296 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237296 id: cord-281361-tye5pev7 author: Trapani, G. title: Children with COVID-19 like symptoms in Italian Pediatric Surgeries: the dark side of the coin date: 2020-07-29 words: 3546.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281361-tye5pev7.txt summary: The concurrent presence of fatigue, cough, and diarrhea in children, in absence of sore throat/earache and abnormal skin signs, represents the maximum risk level of having a suspected/confirmed case of COVID-19 at home. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint Children living in a family with confirmed COVID-19 cases had a higher prevalence of diarrhea and fatigue, and a lower prevalence of sore throat/earache and abnormal skin signs than children with no family cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 In multivariable analysis, the risk to have suspected/confirmed cases at home was five-fold higher in high than low/medium risk areas, increased with increasing age, and was not affected by gender. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 doi: medRxiv preprint no fatigue, cough, or diarrhea, was less likely to have a suspected/confirmed case at home, and hence to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are nonspecific and shared with other common acute viral illnesses (fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms, and cutaneous signs), thus making clinical differential diagnosis tricky. In Italy, first line management of pediatric care is handed over to Primary Care Pediatricians (PCPs), who were not allowed to directly perform diagnostic tests during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Without a confirmatory diagnosis, PCPs could only collect information on ''COVID-19 like symptoms'' rather than identify typical COVID-19 symptoms. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 like symptoms in outpatient children, during Italian lockdown. To provide PCPs a risk score to be used in clinical practice during the differential diagnosis process. METHODS: A survey was submitted to 50 PCPs (assisting 47,500 children) from 7 different Italian regions between the 4th of March and the 23rd of May 2020 (total and partial lockdown period). COVID-19 like symptoms in the assisted children were recorded, as well as presence of confirmed/suspected cases in children's families, which was taken as proxy of COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression was accomplished to estimate the risk of having suspected/confirmed cases in families, considering symptoms as potential determinants. RESULTS: 2,300 children (4.8% of overall survey population) fell ill with COVID-19 like symptoms, 3.1% and 1.7% during total and partial lockdown period respectively. The concurrent presence of fatigue, cough, and diarrhea in children, in absence of sore throat/earache and abnormal skin signs, represents the maximum risk level of having a suspected/confirmed case of COVID-19 at home. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of children presenting COVID-19 like symptoms at home has been remarkable also during the total lockdown period. The present study identified a pattern of symptoms which could help, in a cost-effective perspective, PCPs in daily clinical practice to define priorities in addressing children to the proper diagnostic procedure. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.27.20149757v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.27.20149757 id: cord-289535-srrfr1es author: Tregoning, J. S. title: Vaccines for COVID‐19 date: 2020-10-18 words: 14329.0 sentences: 793.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289535-srrfr1es.txt summary: One concern with vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 is that the immune response can cause disease, often in the act of clearing the infection. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated that DNA vaccines encoding the M, N, 3a or S proteins of the SARS-CoV-1 virus could elicit immune responses [180] [181] [182] . The S protein is the target of the only SARS-CoV-1 DNA vaccine to progress to Phase I clinical trial, delivered by bio-injector, and it was safe and induced neutralizing antibody responses [183] . T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial abstract: Since the emergence of COVID‐19, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus at the end of 2019, there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering number of vaccines (more than 200) had started preclinical development, of which 43 had entered clinical trials, including some approaches that have not previously been licensed for human vaccines. Vaccines have been widely considered as part of the exit strategy to enable the return to previous patterns of working, schooling and socializing. Importantly, to effectively control the COVID‐19 pandemic, production needs to be scaled‐up from a small number of preclinical doses to enough filled vials to immunize the world’s population, which requires close engagement with manufacturers and regulators. It will require a global effort to control the virus, necessitating equitable access for all countries to effective vaccines. This review explores the immune responses required to protect against SARS‐CoV‐2 and the potential for vaccine‐induced immunopathology. We describe the profile of the different platforms and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The review also addresses the critical steps between promising preclinical leads and manufacturing at scale. The issues faced during this pandemic and the platforms being developed to address it will be invaluable for future outbreak control. Nine months after the outbreak began we are at a point where preclinical and early clinical data are being generated for the vaccines; an overview of this important area will help our understanding of the next phases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32935331/ doi: 10.1111/cei.13517 id: cord-339399-36wo66rl author: Trepanier, Sylvain title: Leading on the Edge of Insanity date: 2020-07-13 words: 2038.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339399-36wo66rl.txt summary: COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader''s time and efforts. Sylvain Trepanier, DNP, RN, CENP, FAONL, FAAN COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader''s time and efforts. And I am reminded that hope is not a plan; therefore, now is the time to show up as nurse leaders and make a difference. Stay home and follow up with their primary care provider Self-quarantine for a period of at least 14 days Practice hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette Stay calm (this latter may be hard to do with the way messages are sometimes conveyed on public and social media) To that end, nurse leaders are encouraged to consider educating all constituents in promoting physical distancing, promoting the use of virtual clinics, eliminating visitations, screening everyone entering a building, cohorting patients, and collaborating with city, military, and state organizations. abstract: COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. The purpose of this article is to share early learnings from the West Coast of the United States, where the first US case was cared for. In this article, I describe the emerging principles allowing us to respond to an unprecedented crisis: prevent, protect, and control. By the time this crisis is over, I do not doubt that we will have additional science and experience to support our frontline nurses and our nurse leaders. That said, I felt it was important to share our expertise in real time for others to benefit from. I would also point out that writing about what you are feeling is cathartic—I encourage my colleagues to join me in writing about what you are experiencing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834791/ doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.06.002 id: cord-274416-bmvazgj7 author: Trevisanuto, Daniele title: Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan date: 2020-04-24 words: 3761.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274416-bmvazgj7.txt summary: title: Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan This perspective aims to be a practical support tool for the planning of delivery and neonatal resuscitation of infants born by mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Although it is unlikely that neonates born from SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers require an intensive care management related to the maternal infection [18, 19] , coronaviruses may result in adverse outcomes for the fetus and infant (intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), spontaneous abortion and perinatal death) [16, 17, 25] . Our designated approach for the management of women with suspected or confirmed CO-VID-19 and their infants before, during, and after delivery provides cues to reduce the chance of neonatal infection and therefore potential negative outcomes in the newborn. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is rapidly spreading across the world. As the number of infections increases, those of infected pregnant women and children will rise as well. Controversy exists whether COVID-19 can be transmitted in utero and lead to disease in the newborn. As this chance cannot be ruled out, strict instructions for the management of mothers and newborn infants are mandatory. This perspective aims to be a practical support tool for the planning of delivery and neonatal resuscitation of infants born by mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507935 doi: 10.1159/000507935 id: cord-297759-arg71du6 author: Triantafyllou, Tania title: Esophageal cancer: challenges, concerns, and recommendations for management amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-22 words: 3740.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297759-arg71du6.txt summary: The primary aim of this review is to summarize the salient evidence for recommendations and optimal treatment strategies for patients with esophageal cancer amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. In a viral pandemic, clinicians should balance the need to perform life-prolonging surgery and offer perioperative therapies with a patient''s risk of contracting severe pneumonia if infected with SARS-CoV-2. The active surveillance strategy could be an alternative approach for clinically complete responders after neoadjuvant therapy in an effort to avoid possible exposure to COVID-19, which may be particularly beneficial considering the patients'' immunosuppressed status [23] . Similarly to the organ-preserving approach in rectal cancer patients who present a complete response after neoadjuvant or definite therapies, the "active surveillance" pathways have been designed as a rationale for clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of EC. Active surveillance versus immediate surgery in clinically complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: a multicenter propensity matched study abstract: Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, raising great concern, particularly in immunosuppressed cancer patients. The pandemic situation remains extremely dynamic, which necessitates proactive management decisions from oncologists and oncologic surgeons in effort to mitigate the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer metastasis. Esophageal cancer, in particular, is one of the deadliest types of malignancy worldwide, reflecting both aggressive biology and a lack of adequate treatment. Several challenges and concerns regarding the management of esophageal cancer have been raised in light of the ongoing viral pandemic. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the salient evidence for recommendations and optimal treatment strategies for patients with esophageal cancer amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32879590/ doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0519 id: cord-327511-e3idvknz author: Trifan, G. title: Characteristics of a Diverse Cohort of Stroke Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Outcome by Sex date: 2020-09-11 words: 3482.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327511-e3idvknz.txt summary: CONCLUSION: In this cohort of SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients, most had clinical evidence of coronavirus infection on admission and preexisting VRFs. Severe in-hospital complications and worse outcomes after ischemic strokes were higher in males, than females. In this cohort of SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients, most had clinical evidence of coronavirus infection on admission and preexisting VRFs. Severe in-hospital complications and worse outcomes after ischemic strokes were higher in males, than females. In this multicenter study of patients with stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to comprehensive stroke centers in the Chicagoland area, males were more likely than females to have severe COVID-19 manifestations and worse ischemic stroke outcome at hospital discharge. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with stroke. The role of sex on stroke outcome has not been investigated. To objective of this paper is to describe the characteristics of a diverse cohort of acute stroke patients with COVID-19 disease and determine the role of sex on outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of patients with acute stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted between March 15 to May 15, 2020 to one of the six participating comprehensive stroke centers. Baseline characteristics, stroke subtype, workup, treatment and outcome are presented as total number and percentage or median and interquartile range. Outcome at discharge was determined by the modified Rankin Scale Score (mRS). Variables and outcomes were compared for males and females using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study included 83 patients, 47% of which were Black, 28% Hispanics/Latinos, and 16% whites. Median age was 64 years. Approximately 89% had at least one preexisting vascular risk factor (VRF). The most common complications were respiratory failure (59%) and septic shock (34%). Compared with females, a higher proportion of males experienced severe SARS-CoV-2 symptoms requiring ICU hospitalization (73% vs. 49%; p=0.04). When divided by stroke subtype, there were 77% ischemic, 19% intracerebral hemorrhage and 3% subarachnoid hemorrhage. The most common ischemic stroke etiologies were cryptogenic (39%) and cardioembolic (27%). Compared with females, males had higher mortality (38% vs. 13%; p=0.02) and were less likely to be discharged home (12% vs. 33%; p=0.04). After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and number of VRFs, mRS was higher in males than in females (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.03-2.09). CONCLUSION: In this cohort of SARS-CoV-2 stroke patients, most had clinical evidence of coronavirus infection on admission and preexisting VRFs. Severe in-hospital complications and worse outcomes after ischemic strokes were higher in males, than females. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1052305720307321 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105314 id: cord-325241-paztcjm2 author: Triki, Haitham title: Surgical resection for liver cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-20 words: 1035.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325241-paztcjm2.txt summary: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, therapeutic strategies must be adapted for liver cancer patients balancing the benefit of surgical resection against the risk of contamination incurred by the patient. In addition, it has been found that lung injury (a common complication of COVID-19) is an independent risk factor for major morbidity and mortality after hepatectomy [5] . Hence, liver resections, especially major or complex hepatectomies, in COVID-19 patients could further deteriorate lung damage and complicate its management. Due to the risk of contamination by SARS-COV-2 before, during or after hospitalization, we believe that liver surgery for cancer should be postponed for patients at high risk of postoperative complications and severe COVID-19, including elderly patient with comorbidities and chronic liver disease. Therapeutic strategies must be adapted to this pandemic, balancing the benefit of liver cancer resection against the risk incurred by the patient during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, therapeutic strategies must be adapted for liver cancer patients balancing the benefit of surgical resection against the risk of contamination incurred by the patient. The impact of COVID-19 in liver cancer patients who undergo surgery is still unclear due to the scarcity of available data. Decisions to postpone scheduled surgery for high risk patients must be made. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-020-00799-2 doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00799-2 id: cord-275477-blu6wjhu author: Trimaille, Antonin title: COVID-19 et pathologie thromboembolique veineuse date: 2020-09-29 words: 2413.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275477-blu6wjhu.txt summary: Fréquence de la pathologie thrombo-embolique veineuse au cours des formes modérées de J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Dans une étude analyse une cohorte de 1240 patients consécutifs hospitalisés en dehors des services de Réanimation pour des formes modérées de COVID-19, les auteurs ont observé une incidence d''embolie pulmonaire confirmée à l''angioscanner de 8.3% (17) . En outre, il semble que les ETEV pourraient en partie survenir de manière asymptomatique au cours de la COVID-19 dans la mesure où les études utilisant un screening systématique ont retrouvé des incidences d''ETEV allant jusqu''à près de 50% des patients hospitalisés avec formes modérées (22, 23) . Helms et al ont observé une incidence de complications thrombo-emboliques de 18 Ainsi, les patients hospitalisés pour une forme sévère de COVID-19, en service de réanimation, présentent des ETEV très fréquemment, potentialisant la sévérité de l''atteinte respiratoire. abstract: La coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) s’accompagne d’une incidence élevée d’événements thromboemboliques veineux (ETEV). Souvent asymptomatiques, ils ont un impact défavorable sur le pronostic des patients. En plus des facteurs de risque de thrombose veineuse auxquels les formes de COVID-19 nécessitant une hospitalisation exposent (alitement prolongée, hypoxémie, présence de matériel intraveineux), les caractéristiques des patients atteints des formes les plus sévères (âge élevé, obésité) expliquent en partie la fréquence des ETEV. De plus, la COVID-19 entraine une maladie de l’endothélium vasculaire par une invasion directe des cellules endothéliales, à l’origine d’une endothéliite, et un état prothrombotique secondaire à l’intense réaction inflammatoire. L’ensemble de ces manifestations entrainent une immuno-thrombose localisée principalement au niveau du lit vasculaire pulmonaire. La stratification du risque thrombo-embolique veineux pour proposer aux patients un niveau d’anticoagulation adapté apparait ainsi comme un des piliers du traitement de la COVID-19. Les recommandations émises jusqu’ici se basent sur des avis d’experts dans la mesure où les données sur l’anticoagulation au cours de la COVID-19 proviennent essentiellement d’études observationnelles. Des essais cliniques contrôlés et randomisés sont en cours et permettront d’améliorer la gestion de la maladie thrombo-embolique veineuse au cours de la COVID-19. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Frequently asymptomatic, VTE has a negative impact on patients clinical course. On top of traditional VTE risk factors encountered during COVID-19 such as prolonged bed rest, hypoxemia and intravascular material, main features of patients with severe forms (old age, obesity) explain in part the VTE frequency. In addition, COVID-19 causes an endothelial disease following endotheliitis after the direct invasion of endothelial cells and a prothrombotic state secondary to the strong inflammatory response to infection. Altogether, these mechanisms lead to an extensive immunothrombosis within the pulmonary vasculature. VTE risk stratification to prescribe adequate anticoagulation is an imperious requirement in the COVID-19 treatment. So far, guidelines are mainly based on observational data. Randomized controlled clinical trials are ongoing and will allow to precise the anticoagulant regiment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003392820301360?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.027 id: cord-329853-kf3kh26y author: Trimarchi, Hernán title: Eculizumab, SARS-CoV-2 and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome date: 2020-09-27 words: 1097.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329853-kf3kh26y.txt summary: Complement activation is thought to contribute to endothelial injury and there are at least seven ongoing clinical trials testing six different anti-complement strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including eculizumab. We herein report on a kidney transplant patient with aHUS on chronic eculizumab therapy that developed severe COVID-19 despite eculizumab administration early in the course of the disease. Although eculizumab was unable to prevent the development of severe endothelial cell injury, as assessed by increasing D-dimer levels from 292 to 10 586 ng/mL, the patient eventually recovered following dexamethasone and convalescent plasma administration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a kidney transplant recipient with aHUS on eculizumab therapy who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases abstract: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) treatment consists of eculizumab. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes severe pneumonia and endothelial injury that leads to a prothrombotic state that may be complicated by macrovascular and microvascular thrombosis. Complement activation is thought to contribute to endothelial injury and there are at least seven ongoing clinical trials testing six different anti-complement strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including eculizumab. We herein report on a kidney transplant patient with aHUS on chronic eculizumab therapy that developed severe COVID-19 despite eculizumab administration early in the course of the disease. Although eculizumab was unable to prevent the development of severe endothelial cell injury, as assessed by increasing D-dimer levels from 292 to 10 586 ng/mL, the patient eventually recovered following dexamethasone and convalescent plasma administration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117528/ doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa166 id: cord-331433-uwbgv0r3 author: Tringale, Rolando title: COVID-19 innovations in medication for addiction treatment at a Skid Row syringe exchange date: 2020-10-21 words: 1573.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331433-uwbgv0r3.txt summary: It is in this context that Homeless Health Care Los Angeles (HHCLA) clinicians and staff were faced with the unprecedented challenge of adapting current medication for addiction treatment (MAT) services to ensure treatment continuity for persons who use syringe exchanges in Skid Row during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-pandemic, clinicians primarily delivered MAT services at HHCLA (Tringale, Subica, & Danielian, et al., 2020) face-to-face to enrolled patients of syringe exchanges using a direct dispensing model that required patients to receive, and often consume, MAT medications (i.e., buprenorphine) on-site in front of staff to (1) bolster engagement among first-time patients hesitant to stop using opioids; (2) prevent diversion; and (3) avoid medication gaps, which can lead to relapse, overdose, and death. First, we developed an innovative on-site -telephone booth‖ model that emulated the COVID-19 telemedicine-enabled social distancing that other MAT providers have used (Harris, Johnson, Mackin, & Saitz, et al., 2020; Samuels, Clark, & Wunsch, et al., 2020; Dunlop, Lokuge, & Masters, et al., 2020) , while accommodating the unique needs of patients of syringe exchanges experiencing homelessness. abstract: Syringe exchange patients in Los Angeles’ Skid Row endure conditions such as deep poverty, polysubstance use, underlying health problems, and living on the streets or in homeless encampments/shelters that make them uniquely vulnerable to acquiring and dying from COVID-19. In this commentary, we discuss two essential changes that Homeless Health Care Los Angeles (HHCLA) made to modify existing medication for addiction treatment (MAT) services to address the specific treatment needs of this high-risk population during COVID-19. First, HHCLA implemented a novel “telephone booth” model that allowed socially distanced on-site “face-to-face” treatment of syringe exchange patients; this model helped us to overcome the inherent challenges of using traditional telemedicine approaches (e.g., video, mobile telephone) with this disadvantaged patient population. Second, HHCLA transitioned from on-site direct dispensing of MAT medications in our providers’ offices to a less contact- and time-intensive “coordinated pharmacy” model that allowed patients the freedom to obtain MAT medications off-site from participating pharmacies. Our data indicate that implementing these COVID-19-related changes effectively maintained patient enrollment and engagement in MAT—illuminating new, potentially effective models for delivering MAT that meet the critical health and safety needs of syringe exchange patients following COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33129635/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108181 id: cord-319983-e4f2sfl4 author: Tripathi, Shweta title: The COVID-19: Current understanding date: 2020-09-26 words: 4293.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319983-e4f2sfl4.txt summary: Till the date of writing this article (August 15, 2020), a total number of 2526192+65002 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from 35 states and Union Territories, out of which 1,915,580 (71.91%) recovered, while 50,924 (1.93%) deaths are reported in India [8, 10] . According to the Ministry of Family and Health Welfare of India; a suspected case is defined as a patient with acute respiratory illness (fever and at least one sign/symptom of respiratory disease, e.g., cough, and shortness of breath) and a history of travel to or residence in a location reporting community transmission of COVID-19, 14 days prior of the beginning of symptoms. However, more clinical trials are needed to prove the safety and effectiveness of convalescent plasma transfusion in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients [48] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: In December 2019, China reported several cases of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 outbreak, which was initially limited to Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide. Infection of the disease occurs through exposure to the virus through inhalation of respiratory droplets or if a person touches a mucosal surface after touching an object with the virus on it. The common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing), fatigue, chest pain, and myalgia (muscle pain), etc. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is used to detect the virus in sputum, throat, nasal swabs, and secretion of lower respiratory samples. Early diagnosis, isolation, and supportive care are necessary for the treatment of the patients. The present review aims to provide recent information on COVID-19 related to its epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and management. This article also summarizes the current understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and its history of origin. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132617/ doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1998-2005 id: cord-333234-yvixy77x author: Triposkiadis, Filippos title: Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications date: 2020-09-01 words: 3226.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333234-yvixy77x.txt summary: While the potential for benefit with the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and the risks from stopping them is more evident, potential harm by RAΑSi may also be caused by the increase in the activity of the ACE2 receptor, the inefficient counter regulatory axis in the lungs in which the proinflammatory prolyloligopeptidase (POP) is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of deleterious angiotensin (ANG) II to protective ANG [1–7] and the proinflammatory properties of ACE2(+) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. In a recent statement of the European Medicinal Agencies (EMA), it is emphasized (10 June 2020 EMA/284513/2020): "Recent observational studies of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs, also called sartans) have not shown an effect of these medicines on the risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (the virus causing COVID-19) and do not indicate a negative impact on the outcome for patients with COVID-19 disease. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 which binds and enters the host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2. While the potential for benefit with the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and the risks from stopping them is more evident, potential harm by RAΑSi may also be caused by the increase in the activity of the ACE2 receptor, the inefficient counter regulatory axis in the lungs in which the proinflammatory prolyloligopeptidase (POP) is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of deleterious angiotensin (ANG) II to protective ANG [1–7] and the proinflammatory properties of ACE2(+) cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Acknowledging the proven RAΑSi benefit in patients with several diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease, and diabetic kidney disease in the non-COVID-19 era, it is a reasonable strategy in this period of uncertainty to use these agents judiciously with careful consideration and to avoid the use of RAASi in select patients whenever possible, until definitive evidence becomes available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32875490/ doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10022-4 id: cord-340145-nx746m76 author: Trisolino, Giovanni title: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology for the management of pediatric orthopaedic patients during the COVID19 pandemic and post-pandemic period in Italy date: 2020-10-08 words: 2611.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340145-nx746m76.txt summary: The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Health Service was significantly evident also within non-frontline healthcare settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where limitation and temporary suspension of most routine care activities was necessary to reduce the risk of infection in patients, families, and healthcare providers and to reallocate healthcare personnel from routine tasks to emergency. The Advisory Board of the SITOP has provided a panel of priority levels in order to safely schedule deferrable surgical treatments, reducing the risk of missing children who require non postponable operations, during the pandemic and post peak period (see Table 2 ). abstract: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy has dramatically impacted the National Healthcare System, causing the sudden congestion of hospitals, especially in Northern Italy, thus imposing drastic restriction of almost all routine medical care. This exceptional adaptation of the Italian National Healthcare System has also been felt by non-frontline settings such as Pediatric Orthopaedic Units, where the limitation or temporary suspension of most routine care activities met with a need to maintain continuity of care and avoid secondary issues due to the delay or suspension of the routine clinical practice. The Italian Society of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology formulated general and specific recommendations to face the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to provide essential care for children needing orthopaedic treatments during the pandemic and early post-peak period, ensure safety of children, caregivers and healthcare providers and limit the spread of contagion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032650/ doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00911-7 id: cord-317016-codk0by1 author: Trivizakis, Eleftherios title: Advancing COVID-19 differentiation with a robust preprocessing and integration of multi-institutional open-repository computer tomography datasets for deep learning analysis date: 2020-09-11 words: 3269.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317016-codk0by1.txt summary: Tsiknakis et al (17) proposed an Interpretable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on transfer learning for predicting COVID-19 against viral and bacterial pneumonia and normal cases based on more than 400 X-ray images, achieving an area under curve (AUC) of 100%. Some key innovations of this study can be summarized in the integration of multi-institutional and open-access data from a variety of scanners and imaging protocols retrieved from online repositories in formats such as DICOM or Portable network Graphics (png), the development of a deep learning lung segmentation model for multiple CT window settings and finally a deep learning model for differentiating COVID-19 from CAP. This study introduces a state-of-the-art deep learning model for lung segmentation on slices with a variety of CT window settings (DSC 99.6%) and an image analysis deep model trained with multi-institutional data for differentiating COVID-19 from CAP (AUC 96.1%). abstract: The coronavirus pandemic and its unprecedented consequences globally has spurred the interest of the artificial intelligence research community. A plethora of published studies have investigated the role of imaging such as chest X-rays and computer tomography in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) automated diagnosis. Οpen repositories of medical imaging data can play a significant role by promoting cooperation among institutes in a world-wide scale. However, they may induce limitations related to variable data quality and intrinsic differences due to the wide variety of scanner vendors and imaging parameters. In this study, a state-of-the-art custom U-Net model is presented with a dice similarity coefficient performance of 99.6% along with a transfer learning VGG-19 based model for COVID-19 versus pneumonia differentiation exhibiting an area under curve of 96.1%. The above was significantly improved over the baseline model trained with no segmentation in selected tomographic slices of the same dataset. The presented study highlights the importance of a robust preprocessing protocol for image analysis within a heterogeneous imaging dataset and assesses the potential diagnostic value of the presented COVID-19 model by comparing its performance to the state of the art. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968435/ doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9210 id: cord-289315-8bfafpe0 author: Trubiano, J. A. title: COVID-MATCH65 - A prospectively derived clinical decision rule for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 date: 2020-07-02 words: 1626.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289315-8bfafpe0.txt summary: Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and increased pressure on testing resources, understanding the clinical and epidemiological features closely associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is vital at point of care to enable risk stratification. We demonstrate that an internally derived and validated clinical decision rule, COVID-MATCH65, has a high sensitivity (92.6%) and NPV (99.5%) for SARS-CoV-2 and could be used to aid COVID-19 risk-assessment and resource allocation for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. A COVID-19 rapid assessment screening clinic was established at Austin Health on 11 March 2020 with prospective electronic medical record (EMR; eMethods) data of patients presenting to the clinic systematically collected by medical staff from 11 March to 22 April 2020. The positive and negative results for each COVID-MATCH65 score are outlined in eTable 2. Whilst the clinical features of COVID-19 have been well reported, robust prospective from patients presenting for COVID-19 assessment that are both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative on testing remains absence. abstract: Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and increased pressure on testing resources, understanding the clinical and epidemiological features closely associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is vital at point of care to enable risk stratification. We demonstrate that an internally derived and validated clinical decision rule, COVID-MATCH65, has a high sensitivity (92.6%) and NPV (99.5%) for SARS-CoV-2 and could be used to aid COVID-19 risk-assessment and resource allocation for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.30.20143818v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.30.20143818 id: cord-335051-31imf6bv author: Tsabouri, Sophia title: SPECIAL ARTICLE: Risk factors for severity in children with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A comprehensive literature review date: 2020-07-30 words: 1674.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335051-31imf6bv.txt summary: We carried out a comprehensive literature review to identify the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children, in comparison with the other two coronavirus outbreaks in the past, SARS and MERS. • Risk factors for severe disease from COVID-19 in children are reported to be young age 53 and underlying comorbidities, although not confirmed in all studies. 9 From the currently available data it appears that children tend to 105 have asymptomatic or mild disease more commonly than adults, 8,10 but severe cases and even 106 deaths have been reported worldwide in patients younger than 18 years. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human 445 coronaviruses OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1: a study of hospitalized children with acute 446 respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China. Middle East respiratory syndrome 459 coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia. abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of thousands of people, including infants and children. We carried out a comprehensive literature review to identify the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children, in comparison with the other two coronavirus outbreaks in the past, SARS and MERS. Search in the Pubmed and Scopus databases to identify publications between February 26, 2020 and June 10, 2020 identified 23 relevant papers in English. Children have so far accounted for 1.7-2% of the diagnosed cases of COVID-19. They often have milder disease than adults, and child deaths have been rare. The documented risk factors for severe disease in children are young age and underlying comorbidities, although the potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) occurs in older children. It is unclear whether male gender and certain laboratory and imaging findings can also be considered as risk factors, due to current insufficiency of evidence. Reports on other potential factors, such as vitamin D level, responsiveness of the immune system, co-infections and genetic polymorphisms have not yet been published. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0031395520301073 doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.07.014 id: cord-335576-b34nc3ay author: Tsai, Andrew title: Impact of tocilizumab administration on mortality in severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 words: 2917.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335576-b34nc3ay.txt summary: Patients were stratified according to the receipt of tocilizumab for cytokine storm and matched to controls using propensity scores. The current analysis does not support the use of tocilizumab for the management of cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the clinical outcome of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab in a single medical center. Subsequently, propensity score matching was performed to account for treatment strategy influenced by confounding by indication (the tendency of clinicians to prescribe tocilizumab in patients perceived to have cytokine storm and worsening trajectory). Currently Food and Drug Administration approved for use in the management of rheumatoid conditions and cytokine release storm-related to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, tocilizumab has gained momentum as a potentially effective option in reducing IL-6 associated fevers and preventing clinical deterioration in COVID-19. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic has placed a significant burden on hospitals and healthcare providers. The immune response to this disease is thought to lead to an aberrant inflammatory response or cytokine storm, which contributes to the severity of illness. There is an urgent need to confirm whether the use of tocilizumab provides a benefit in individuals with COVID-19. A single-center propensity-score matched cohort study, including all consecutive COVID-19 patients, admitted to the medical center who were either discharged from the medical center or expired between March 1, 2020, and May 5, 2020, was performed. Patients were stratified according to the receipt of tocilizumab for cytokine storm and matched to controls using propensity scores. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A total of 274 patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified and 132 patients were included in the matched dataset (tocilizumab = 66; no tocilizumab = 66). Approximately 73% of the patients were male. Hypertension (55%), diabetes mellitus (31%), and chronic pulmonary disease (15%) were the most common comorbidities present. There were 18 deaths (27.3%) in the tocilizumab group and 18 deaths (27.3%) in the no tocilizumab group (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.465 – 2.151; p = 1.00). Advanced age, history of myocardial infarction, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, heart failure, and malignancy were significantly more common in patients who died. The current analysis does not support the use of tocilizumab for the management of cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19. Use of this therapeutic agent should be limited to the context of a clinical trial until more evidence is available. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33154452/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76187-y id: cord-351825-fdog73g2 author: Tsai, Cheng-Yu title: A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward date: 2020-08-26 words: 1524.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351825-fdog73g2.txt summary: title: A Novel Non-contact Self-Injection-Locked Radar for Vital Sign Sensing and Body Movement Monitoring in COVID-19 Isolation Ward METHODS: Our institution has installed the novel non-contact wireless sensor for vital sign sensing and body movement monitoring for patients in COVID-19 isolation ward. The technologies of self-injection-locked radar and infrared light are used in non-contact detection of vital signs, included body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and body positioning [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . In our hospital, we have setup a self-injection-locked radar on the ceiling of the ward and its bathroom to monitor patient''s vital signs. (Fig. 2) The device has been used to collect the heart rate and body temperature of the isolated patient from COVID-19. The heart rate and respiratory rate are listed on the right side Fig. 2 One self-injection-locked radar locates on the ceiling of the water closet to monitor patient vital sign in this private area abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most serious global health issue. Isolation policy in hospitals is one of the most crucial protocols to prevent nosocomial infection of COVID-19. It is important to monitor and assess the physical conditions of the patients in isolation. METHODS: Our institution has installed the novel non-contact wireless sensor for vital sign sensing and body movement monitoring for patients in COVID-19 isolation ward. RESULTS: We have collected and compared data between the radar record with the nurse’s handover record of two patients, one recorded for 13 days and the other recorded for 5 days. The P value by Fisher’s exact test were 0.139 (temperature, P > 0.05) and 0.292 (heart beat rate, P > 0.05) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report about the application experience of this equipment. Therefore we attempted to share the experience and try to apply this equipment in COVID-19 patients in future to offer the more reliable and safe policy. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10916-020-01637-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01637-z doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01637-z id: cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author: Tsay, Calvin title: Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-01 words: 6180.0 sentences: 331.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt summary: This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. Figure 2 shows the predicted values obtained by solving the parameter estimation problem and the historical data by country, retrieved by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (https ://githu b.com/CSSEG ISand Data/COVID -19; accessed April 16, 2020). For the estimated parameter values as described previously, we simulate the results of implementing two different simplistic control policies: (i) continuing with strict social distancing, quarantining, and testing, policies that result from continuing to lower the asymptomatic ( α a ) and infected ( α i ) exposures shown in Fig. 2 ; and (ii) a relaxed policy with more lenient measures and reduced testing, in this case the values of α a and α i are increased to 0.2 and 0.02, respectively, while κ is decreased to 0.2. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and resulting COVID-19 disease have had an unprecedented spread and continue to cause an increasing number of fatalities worldwide. While vaccines are still under development, social distancing, extensive testing, and quarantining of confirmed infected subjects remain the most effective measures to contain the pandemic. These measures carry a significant socioeconomic cost. In this work, we introduce a novel optimization-based decision-making framework for managing the COVID-19 outbreak in the US. This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. The analysis of our extensive computational efforts reveals that social distancing and quarantining are most effective when implemented early, with quarantining of confirmed infected subjects having a much higher impact. Further, we find that “on-off” policies alternating between strict social distancing and relaxing such restrictions can be effective at “flattening” the curve while likely minimizing social and economic cost. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67459-8 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67459-8 id: cord-306199-3ssri5nf author: Tseng, Jennifer title: How Has COVID-19 Affected the Costs of the Surgical Fellowship Interview Process? date: 2020-05-20 words: 1324.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306199-3ssri5nf.txt summary: This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons. Though an applicant''s financial expenditures vary depending on the individual candidate, fellowship program and even geographical locations of both, 9 there are published surveys that help guide an estimate of the economic burden of surgical fellowship interviewing ( Table 1) . With COVID-19, virtual interviews have been a necessary adjustment for fellowship training programs in match seasons, and they may be the future of residency and fellowship recruitment. Financial and educational costs of the residency interview process for urology applicants The Burden of the Fellowship Interview Process on General Surgery Residents and Programs Surgical Fellowship Interview Seasons Affected by COVID-19 Student applicants in the 2015 residency match Neurosurgery Mean ± SD: $6,930 ± $ abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on the costs of the surgical fellowship interview process. DESIGN: A literature review of the historical costs of surgical fellowship interviews and a summary of how the shift to virtual interviews has unintended positive and negative effects on costs for applicants and training programs. RESULTS: Transitioning fellowship interviews to virtual platforms affects expenditures of finances and time. Each fellowship candidate saves close to $6,000 in interview travel expenses. Applicants require less time off from their residency programs during this critical time of need for frontline healthcare workers. However, applicants miss some of the live aspects of interviewing, and training programs invest more effort upfront altering their interviews to virtual formats. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 public health crisis has had a significant impact on surgical education, including how selection is conducted. Virtual recruitment has the potential for cost savings but should continue to be refined. This is an opportune time to innovate and rethink how to recruit prospective surgical residency and fellowship candidates during the current and forthcoming interview seasons. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507697/ doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.018 id: cord-303880-zv4nbz9p author: Tsikala Vafea, Maria title: Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 5485.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303880-zv4nbz9p.txt summary: RESULTS: Key focus areas include the applications of artificial intelligence, the use of Big Data and Internet of Things, the importance of mathematical modeling for predictions, utilization of technology for community screening, the use of nanotechnology for treatment and vaccine development, the utility of telemedicine, the implementation of 3D-printing to manage new demands and the potential of robotics. The technologies in this review include: artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and deep learning, nanomedicine, novel technologies for vaccines development and therapeutics, novel mathematical modeling, big data, internet of things (IoT), telemedicine, robots, and 3D printing technology. Mei et al proposed an AI system based on machine learning and deep learning models that combines demographic (age, sex) and clinical information (laboratory test results, reported symptoms, history of exposure etc.) with chest imaging findings for rapid identification of patients with COVID-19. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health and economic worldwide crisis. Innovative solutions are imperative given limited resources and immediate need for medical supplies, healthcare support and treatments. AIM: The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging technologies being implemented in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS: Key focus areas include the applications of artificial intelligence, the use of Big Data and Internet of Things, the importance of mathematical modeling for predictions, utilization of technology for community screening, the use of nanotechnology for treatment and vaccine development, the utility of telemedicine, the implementation of 3D-printing to manage new demands and the potential of robotics. CONCLUSION: The review concludes by highlighting the need for collaboration in the scientific community with open sharing of knowledge, tools, and expertise. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837582/ doi: 10.1007/s12195-020-00629-w id: cord-282256-lqmixm7s author: Tsioufis, Costas title: The interplay of Hypertension, ACE-2 and SARS-CoV-2: Emerging data as the “Ariadne’s thread” for the “labyrinth” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-22 words: 1847.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282256-lqmixm7s.txt summary: 4 The only available meta-analysis from Wuhan of 46248 cases, supports that hypertension constitutes the most prevalent comorbidity in 17% of patients infected with the novel coronavirus. In Italy the most current analysis shows that of 69.1% of the deceased patients were hypertensives and 30% used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and 17% angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). 18 After adjustment for confounders there was no independent association for the use of ACEIs/ARBs with susceptibility for infection or worse clinical outcome in contrast to loop diuretics that were linked to enhanced risk. Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19 Risk of pneumonia associated with use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: systematic review and meta-analysis Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32450334/ doi: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.05.003 id: cord-289563-xdyaw1vg author: Tsioufis, Konstantinos title: Unveiling the mystery of “missing” emergencies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a generalized phenomenon with unclarified implications date: 2020-07-23 words: 727.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289563-xdyaw1vg.txt summary: title: Unveiling the mystery of "missing" emergencies in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a generalized phenomenon with unclarified implications In like manner, our study revealed that all-cause visits at the Emergency Cardiology Department (ECD) and particularly the STEMI cases appeared to be greatly affected over the same period [4] . Interestingly, both the daily patients'' visits in the ECD and myocardial infarction cases were inversely related with the COVID-19 spread trends in Greece [4] . Data regarding a reduced mean left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among MI cases comprises another important finding about the ACS-related morbidity during the pandemic. In our study, before and post-COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decline of the observed mean LVEF among the STEMI cases between January 2020 and April 2020; from 47.8 to 37% accordingly (p = 0.031). The mystery of ''missing'' visits in an emergency cardiology department, in the era of COVID-19; a time-series analysis in a tertiary Greek General Hospital abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01700-2 doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01700-2 id: cord-273638-mmlwh87u author: Tso, Ivy F. title: Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date: 2020-08-23 words: 4386.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273638-mmlwh87u.txt summary: Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19.  We conducted an online survey to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during COVID-19 in Hong Kong, a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of loneliness in mental health during COVID-19 with important factors likely impacting wellbeing controlled, and extend the investigation from depression and anxiety to other mental health concerns such as substance use and symptoms indicative of more severe disorders (e.g., psychosis). abstract: Public health strategies to curb the spread of the coronavirus involve sheltering at home and social distancing are effective in reducing the transmission rate, but the unintended consequences of prolonged social isolation on mental health have not been investigated. We focused on Hong Kong for its very rapid and comprehensive response to the pandemic and strictly enacted social distancing protocols. Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19. We conducted an anonymous online survey of 432 residents in Hong Kong to examine psychological distress in the community. The results indicate a dire situation with respect to mental health. An astonishing 65.6% (95% C.I. = [60.6%, 70.4%]) of the respondents reported clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and/or stress. Moreover, 22.5% (95% C.I. = [18.2%, 27.2%]) of the respondents were showing signs of psychosis risk. Subjective feelings of loneliness, but not social network size, were associated with increased psychiatric symptoms. To mitigate the potential epidemic of mental illness in the near future, there is an urgent need to prepare clinicians, caregivers and stakeholders to focus on loneliness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32871487/ doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423 id: cord-337248-thzox29o author: Tsolaki, Vasiliki title: Right ventricular dilation: The additive effect of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary embolism in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-08-04 words: 978.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337248-thzox29o.txt summary: We read with great interest the study of van Dam et al presenting the radiographic characteristics of 23 patients with Covid-19 acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and right ventricular (RV) dilation. Van Dam''s paper confirms the increased incidence of thrombotic events in patients, as in the majority of the presented cohort, PE was an unexpected finding; the reasons for ordering a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were not indicative of PE presence [lack of clinical improvement after mechanical ventilation initiation and fever (61.3%)]. Moreover, PEEP effects may be rather exacerbated in the setting of nonrecruitable lung regions, as in cases of focal but also in non-focal lung involvement, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f when extensive, multilobar ground glass opacifications are present (as in Figure 1 in van Dam''s study) [1, 9] ; increased PEEP levels, when not resulting in lung recruitment, may induce dead space ventilation and compression of the pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and RV dilation and dysfunction. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0049384820304382 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.057 id: cord-333631-vk3h2qau author: Tsoungui Obama, H. C. J. title: Preventing COVID-19 spread in closed facilities by regular testing of employees - an efficient intervention in long-term care facilities and prisons date: 2020-10-14 words: 4476.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333631-vk3h2qau.txt summary: Methods and findings: Here, the simulation model underlying the pandemic preparedness tool CovidSim 1.1 (http://covidsim.eu/) is extended to investigate the effect of regularly testing of employees in order to protect immobile resident risk groups in closed facilities. Regular screening of all employees by PCR tests provides a significant reduction of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in LTCFs. While the frequency of testing (testing rate) and the quality of tests have noticeable effects, the waiting time for obtaining test results (ranging from 12 up to 96 hours) hardly impacts the outcome. Here, a mathematical model, based on the freely available CovidSIM simulation tool, 59 is adapted to estimate the benefit and economic gain of routine screening for COVID-19 60 infections of employees in LTCFs and retention facilities by PCR tests. We study the impact of testing employees in LTCFs or incarceration facilities to protect 68 immobile risk groups from COVID-19 infections using an extended SEIR model, i.e., by 69 a deterministic compartmental model of ordinary differential equations. abstract: Background: Draconic control measures were introduced to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic, many of which have been controversial, particularly the comprehensive use of diagnostic tests. Regular testing of high-risk individuals (pre-existing conditions, older than 60 years of age) has been suggested by public health authorities. The WHO suggested the use of routine screening of residents, employees, and visitors of long-term care facilities (LTCF) to protect the resident risk group. Similar suggestions have been made by the WHO for other closed facilities including incarceration facilities (e.g., prisons or jails), where in parts of the US, accelerated release of approved inmates is taken as a measure to mitigate COVID-19. Methods and findings: Here, the simulation model underlying the pandemic preparedness tool CovidSim 1.1 (http://covidsim.eu/) is extended to investigate the effect of regularly testing of employees in order to protect immobile resident risk groups in closed facilities. The reduction in the number of infections and deaths within the risk group are investigated as well as the potential economic gain resulting from savings in COVID-19 related treatment costs in comparison to costs resulting from the testing interventions. Our simulations are adjusted to reflect the situation of LTCFs in the Federal Republic of Germany. The probability is nearly one that COVID-19 spreads into closed facilities due to contact with infected employees even under strict confinement of visitors in a pandemic scenario without targeted protective measures. Regular screening of all employees by PCR tests provides a significant reduction of COVID-19 cases and related deaths in LTCFs. While the frequency of testing (testing rate) and the quality of tests have noticeable effects, the waiting time for obtaining test results (ranging from 12 up to 96 hours) hardly impacts the outcome. The results suggest that testing every two weeks with low-quality tests and a processing time of up to 96 hours yields a strong reduction in the number of cases. Rough estimates suggest a significant economic gain. Conclusions: The introduction of COVID-19 in closed facilities is unavoidable without thorough screening of persons that can introduce the disease into the facility. These measures provide an economically meaningful way to protect vulnerable risk groups characterized by an elevated risk of severe infections in closed facilities, in which contact-reducing measures are difficult to implement due to imminent unavoidable close human-to-human contacts. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.12.20211573v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.12.20211573 id: cord-330299-fcqtstpk author: Tsuchiya, Atsunori title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases date: 2020-06-22 words: 3057.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330299-fcqtstpk.txt summary: title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases In this review, we report the background of severe cases of COVID-19, basic aspects and mechanisms of action of MSCs and their exosomes, and discuss basic and clinical studies based on MSCs and exosomes for influenza-induced ARDS. Finally, we report the potential of MSC and exosome therapy in severe cases of COVID-19 in recently initiated or planned clinical trials of MSCs (33 trials) and exosomes (1 trial) registered in 13 countries on ClinicalTrials.gov. For the severe COVID-19 cases with cytokine storms, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes are a potential treatment option [10] [11] [12] . For the prevention of aggravation, and for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19, MSC and exosome therapy may be a potential option. Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. abstract: The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the ensuing worldwide pandemic. The spread of the virus has had global effects such as activity restriction, economic stagnation, and collapse of healthcare infrastructure. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a cytokine storm, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure, which are very serious health conditions and must be mitigated or resolved as soon as possible. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes can affect immune cells by inducing anti-inflammatory macrophages, regulatory T and B cells, and regulatory dendritic cells, and can inactivate T cells. Hence, they are potential candidate agents for treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. In this review, we report the background of severe cases of COVID-19, basic aspects and mechanisms of action of MSCs and their exosomes, and discuss basic and clinical studies based on MSCs and exosomes for influenza-induced ARDS. Finally, we report the potential of MSC and exosome therapy in severe cases of COVID-19 in recently initiated or planned clinical trials of MSCs (33 trials) and exosomes (1 trial) registered in 13 countries on ClinicalTrials.gov. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582401/ doi: 10.1186/s41232-020-00121-y id: cord-282026-839jc5wp author: Tsui, Ban C. H. title: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Epidemiological Factors During Aerosol-Generating Medical Procedures date: 2020-06-16 words: 1087.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282026-839jc5wp.txt summary: 3 During AGMPs, PPE (including N95 respirators, powered air purifying respirators [PAPRs], face shields, gowns, and gloves) remains the major environment-host IF protecting HCWs. For AGMPs, such as intubation, video laryngoscopy provides slightly more distance between the infected patient and the HCW when compared to direct laryngoscopy, but the HCW still remains at high exposure risk. In fact, the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommend decontamination of the OR after care of COVID patients and "entry should be delayed until sufficient time has elapsed for enough air changes to remove aerosolized infectious particles." 3 Safety practices used by other occupations exposed to hazardous particulates provide a great resource for alternative agent-environment IFs for HCWs performing AGMPs. Local exhaust ventilation hoods near the contamination source provide effective control of dust and fumes generated in industries utilizing woodworking and soldering. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005063 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005063 id: cord-347870-lnwjr9be author: Tsui, Edmund title: Using Social Media to Disseminate Ophthalmic Information During the #COVID19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: 1050.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347870-lnwjr9be.txt summary: title: Using Social Media to Disseminate Ophthalmic Information During the #COVID19 Pandemic 1 As cases of COVID-19 spread worldwide, so did sharing of experiences and 31 research via social media in efforts to mitigate the disease spread and to increase awareness. 10 The use of online preprint servers to disseminate COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 related research 143 has increased significantly. Preprints have been shared widely on social media and subject to comments by the public and 152 research community. As the pandemic continues to evolve, social media will be an important avenue for physicians to 166 share experiences, collaborate on research, and initiate discussion on a global scale. Further 167 study into how social media platforms can be integrated into pandemic preparedness and 168 response will be critical. A social media 205 snapshot of gastroenterologists'' views during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502595/ doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.048 id: cord-215290-n1656hq0 author: Tu, Jingxuan title: Exploration and Discovery of the COVID-19 Literature through Semantic Visualization date: 2020-07-03 words: 4171.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-215290-n1656hq0.txt summary: This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operations to the extracted relations, creating"relation containers", or functional entities that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., such as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operation to the extracted relations, creating functional types that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. abstract: We are developing semantic visualization techniques in order to enhance exploration and enable discovery over large datasets of complex networks of relations. Semantic visualization is a method of enabling exploration and discovery over large datasets of complex networks by exploiting the semantics of the relations in them. This involves (i) NLP to extract named entities, relations and knowledge graphs from the original data; (ii) indexing the output and creating representations for all relevant entities and relations that can be visualized in many different ways, e.g., as tag clouds, heat maps, graphs, etc.; (iii) applying parameter reduction operations to the extracted relations, creating"relation containers", or functional entities that can also be visualized using the same methods, allowing the visualization of multiple relations, partial pathways, and exploration across multiple dimensions. Our hope is that this will enable the discovery of novel inferences over relations in complex data that otherwise would go unnoticed. We have applied this to analysis of the recently released CORD-19 dataset. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.01800v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-265049-uwzmvlr4 author: Tuge Deressa, Chernet title: Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis of Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: The Case of Ethiopia date: 2020-10-09 words: 4213.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265049-uwzmvlr4.txt summary: Optimal control analysis also showed that, combination of optimal preventive strategies such as public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized cases are effective to significantly decrease the number of COVID-19 cases in different compartments of the model. Since the first case of COVID 19, various mathematicians around the world develop different mathematical models to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus, estimated the basic reproductive number and investigated effects of different intervention strategies via optimal control analysis. Optimal control analysis of the model with three control strategies namely: public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 cases were investigated followed by numerical simulation. In this study, a mathematical model for transmission dynamics of COVID-19 for the case of Ethiopia is developed and its different properties including local stability analysis of the diseases free and endemic equilibrium points have been checked. abstract: A mathematical model to estimate transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is developed. A real data of confirmed cases for Ethiopia is used for parameter estimation via model fitting. Results showed that, the diseases free and endemic equilibrium points are found to be locally and globally asymptotically stable for Ro<1 and Ro>1 respectively. The basic reproduction number is Ro=1.5085. Optimal control analysis also showed that, combination of optimal preventive strategies such as public health education, personal protective measures and treatment of hospitalized cases are effective to significantly decrease the number of COVID-19 cases in different compartments of the model. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1110016820305202 doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.10.004 id: cord-284112-jobd5s4l author: Tulgar, Serkan title: Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents date: 2019-06-01 words: 510.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284112-jobd5s4l.txt summary: title: Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents Until recently, haloperidol was the most commonly used agent in the prevention or treatment of delirium that developed in intensive care units (9, 10) . (11) reported that haloperidol decreased mortality of patients on mechanical ventilation and hypothesized that this was due to its effect on lowering cytokine levels and, therefore, aided in preventing a cytokine storm associated with severe disease. However, we recommend that haloperidol be considered as an option to treat patients who develop agitation during the treatment process or agitation/delirium during the intensive care treatment process and continue to be administered routinely until proven otherwise. In addition to clinical studies (NCT04330638) related to the use of anti-IL agents such as anakinra, siltuximab, and tocilizumab in combating cytokine storms, studies are also being conducted with old drugs (NCT04304313) such as sildenafil, used indirectly outside of their indications. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32551457/ doi: 10.5152/tjar.2020.662 id: cord-289498-6hf3axps author: Tull, Matthew T. title: The Prospective Influence of COVID-19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety date: 2020-08-12 words: 5943.0 sentences: 287.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt summary: This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. This study sought to examine the unique and interactive prospective relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (i.e., worry about risk for contracting or dying from and intolerance of uncertainty to health anxiety one month later. At high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, no significant association was found between COVID-19 affective risk assessments and health anxiety. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty are uniquely associated with various dimensions of health anxiety one month later. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase risk for the development of health anxiety. Given that elevated health anxiety can contribute to maladaptive health behaviors, there is a need to identify individual difference factors that may increase health anxiety risk. This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. A U.S. community sample of 364 participants completed online self-report measures at a baseline assessment (Time 1) and one month later (Time 2). Time 1 intolerance of uncertainty was uniquely associated with the Time 2 health anxiety dimension of body vigilance. Time 1 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty were uniquely associated with later perceived likelihood that an illness would be acquired and anticipated negative consequences of an illness. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Results speak to the relevance of different risk factors for health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight targets for reducing health anxiety risk. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290 id: cord-321497-c7l88gjn author: Tull, Matthew T. title: Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life date: 2020-05-12 words: 5737.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321497-c7l88gjn.txt summary: This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N = 500; 47% women, mean age = 40). To extend this research to the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the U.S., the present study examined associations of stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). Descriptive statistics for the primary variables of interest (stay-athome order status, perceived impact of COVID-19, depression symptom severity, health anxiety, financial worry, loneliness, and social support) were computed, as were point-biserial and Pearson product-moment correlations to examine zero-order associations among variables. The goal of the present study was to examine associations of stay-athome orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to relevant psychological outcomes (i.e., depression, health anxiety, financial worry, perceived social support, and loneliness). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of extraordinary physical distancing interventions (e.g., stay-at-home orders) to slow the spread of the virus. Although vital, these interventions may be socially and economically disruptive, contributing to adverse psychological outcomes. This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N = 500; 47% women, mean age = 40). Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological outcomes, stay-at-home order status, and COVID-19’s impact on their daily life. Being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. Moreover, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was positively associated with health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but negatively associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of social connection to mitigate negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113098 id: cord-343637-3g4tosjx author: Tumlinson, Anne title: Post‐Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID‐19 World date: 2020-05-21 words: 2837.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343637-3g4tosjx.txt summary: For example, SNFs take a high portion of post-acute discharges for rehabilitative care, and they also serve as the nursing home residence for a very frail population that lives in these facilities for long periods of time. Despite these flexibilities, the potential for COVID-19 infection of buildings and post-acute care workers (whose access to PPE is much lower than in hospital settings) continues to pose significant and growing public health threats that hamper the ability of post-acute providers to help address hospital capacity constraints. Given the ongoing risk of inundation at hospitals, with the concomitant demand to identify alternative settings of care for noninfectious patients displaced by COVID-19 patients, public health professionals should be considering how to ensure optimal use of post-acute care resources. Local public health leaders must also identify post-acute care options for COVID-19-positive patients. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has led to a surge of patients requiring post‐acute care. In order to support federal, state and corporate planning, we offer a four‐stage regionally oriented approach to achieving optimal systemwide resource allocation across a region's post‐acute service settings and providers over time. In the first stage, the post‐acute care system must, to the extent possible, help relieve acute hospitals of non‐COVID‐19 patients to create as much inpatient capacity as possible over the surge period. In the second stage after the initial surge as subsided, post‐acute providers must protect vulnerable populations from COVID‐19, prepare treat‐in‐place protocols for non‐COVID‐19 admissions, and create and formalize COVID‐19 specific settings. In the third stage after a vaccine has been developed or an effective prophylactic option is available, post‐acute care providers must assist with distribution and administration of vaccinations and prophylaxis, develop strategies to deliver non‐COVID‐19 related medical care, and begin to transition to the post‐COVID‐19 landscape. In the final stage, we must create health advisory bodies to review post‐acute sector's response, identify opportunities to improve performance going forward, and develop a pandemic response plan for post‐acute care providers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32343366/ doi: 10.1111/jgs.16519 id: cord-334021-ex4z2b75 author: Tupper, P. title: COVID-19''s unfortunate events in schools: mitigating classroom clusters in the context of variable transmission date: 2020-10-22 words: 7701.0 sentences: 388.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt summary: Early evidence indicated that schools were low risk and children were unlikely to be very infectious, but it is becoming clear that children and youth can acquire and transmit COVID-19 in school settings and that transmission clusters and outbreaks can be large. Total cluster size is the number of students who are ultimately infected in class (or in both classes in the high school), including the index case. This pattern continues; with a highly infectious index case in a higher-risk room (fourth row): in the baseline protocol in which the main intervention is that symptomatic individuals do not attend, cluster sizes range from 0 to over 20 students in a single classroom (median=4, sympt. We illustrate this by showing results on cluster size for a high school with pre-COVID structure: four 1.25 hour classes every day with largely different students in each. abstract: Widespread school closures occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because closures are costly and damaging, many jurisdictions have since reopened schools with control measures in place. Early evidence indicated that schools were low risk and children were unlikely to be very infectious, but it is becoming clear that children and youth can acquire and transmit COVID-19 in school settings and that transmission clusters and outbreaks can be large. We describe the contrasting literature on school transmission, and argue that the apparent discrepancy can be reconciled by heterogeneity, or ``overdispersion'' in transmission, with many exposures yielding little to no risk of onward transmission, but some unfortunate exposures causing sizeable onward transmission. In addition, respiratory viral loads are as high in children and youth as in adults, pre- and asymptomatic transmission occur, and the possibility of aerosol transmission has been established. We use a stochastic individual-based model to find the implications of these combined observations for cluster sizes and control measures. We consider both individual and environment/activity contributions to the transmission rate, as both are known to contribute to variability in transmission. We find that even small heterogeneities in these contributions result in highly variable transmission cluster sizes in the classroom setting, with clusters ranging from 1 to 20 individuals in a class of 25. None of the mitigation protocols we modeled, initiated by a positive test in a symptomatic individual, are able to prevent large transmission clusters unless the transmission rate is low (in which case large clusters do not occur in any case). Among the measures we modeled, only rapid universal monitoring (for example by regular, onsite, pooled testing) accomplished this prevention. We suggest approaches and the rationale for mitigating these ``unfortunate events'', even if they are expected to be rare. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.20.20216267 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.20.20216267 id: cord-265052-hfuvm1oh author: Turan, Çağrı title: Change of the diagnostic distribution in applicants to dermatology after COVID ‐19 pandemic: What it whispers to us? date: 2020-06-12 words: 4090.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265052-hfuvm1oh.txt summary: Before and after COVID-19, the diagnostic distribution of patients applied to the dermatology outpatient clinics for three periods consisting of 4-weeks was as in Table 2 . Apart from this, the diagnoses of those who applied to the outpatient clinic more than once during this period were as follows in order of frequency: anogenital warts (n = 19/56, 33.9%), verruca vulgaris (59/365, 16.2%), scabies (17/180, 9.4%), psoriasis (11/140,7 .9%), idiopathic generalized pruritus (17/315, 5.4%), urticaria/angioedema (20/394, 5.1%), atopic dermatitis (14/308, 4.5%), bacterial skin/mucosa diseases (10/268, 3.7%), superficial fungal skin/nail infections (15/503, 3.0%). After the COVID-19 pandemic, which rapidly affected the whole world, there were significant changes in the application to outpatient clinics due to reasons such as measures, call to "stay at home", and panic in the community. In our study, we found a significant increase in the frequency of diagnoses such as idiopathic generalized pruritus, pityriasis rosea, alopecia areata, bacterial skin/mucosa diseases, and zona zoster/post-zoster neuralgia after COVID-19. abstract: We aim to evaluate the change in the diagnostic spectrum in dermatology outpatient applications compared to before COVID‐19. All patients were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology between February 12 and May 8, 2020, the duration of 4 weeks before COVID‐19 and eight weeks after were analyzed in 3 parts consisting of 4 weeks. Data obtained from the database such as age, gender, diagnoses were anonymized. Repeated applications with the same diagnosis in ten days after the first presentation were ignored. Compared to the pre‐outbreak, there was a 3.5‐fold decrease in dermatology applications in the first month after COVID‐19 and an 8.8‐fold in the second month. We found a significant increase in the frequency of diagnoses such as generalized pruritus, pityriasis rosea, alopecia areata, bacterial skin/mucosa diseases, and zona zoster after COVID‐19. The frequency declined in diseases such as verruca vulgaris, hyperpigmentation, skin tag, melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis/solar lentigo. It has been found that the frequencies of most diseases, including acne (⁓25% of patients), did not change. We think that many factors, such as affecting the quality of life, risk perception, increased stress burden may cause a change in the diagnostic distribution of the dermatology applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13804 doi: 10.1111/dth.13804 id: cord-306760-05my504t author: Turner, Dan title: Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition date: 2020-03-31 words: 3832.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306760-05my504t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306760-05my504t.txt summary: METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. In light of the hyperinflammatory immune response seen in patients with COVID-19 it is highly relevant that blockade of IL-6R with tocilizumab resulted in clinical improvement associated with normalisation of fever, lymphocyte counts, and CRP in a retrospective group of 21 adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (20) . Therefore, uninfected children should generally continue their medical treatment, including immunomodulators and biologic therapies, as the risk of a disease flare outweighs any estimated risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. abstract: INTRODUCTION: With the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally, guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. RESULTS: Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT: An infographic accompanying this article can be found at. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000002729 doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002729 id: cord-324356-v0bqi5c2 author: Turner, Tari title: The crucible of COVID-19: what the pandemic is teaching us about health research systems date: 2020-06-01 words: 1747.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324356-v0bqi5c2.txt summary: Sadly, we are also seeing that the systems we have in place to translate the results of research into improvements in health practice and policy are not fit for purpose in a pandemic. However, in the light of COVID-19, it is very clear that the delays caused by standard workflows, which are both appropriately rigorous and inappropriately bureaucratic, are slowing the translation of new research evidence into practice, and that lives are being lost in those lost days, weeks and months. The real challenge will be converting these acute ''evidence hunger pangs'' into an ongoing appetite in our governments, health systems and others to fund and use research evidence to guide decision-making beyond the pandemic. This crucible of COVID-19 highlights the fundamental need to institutionalize the use of research evidence in policy decisions at a time of crisis, and beyond. abstract: The global health crisis created by COVID-19 is providing valuable insights into the strengths of our health research system and, perhaps even more clearly, displaying its weaknesses. Much of what is being shown so plainly in the current context is not truly new. We are being reminded that health research systems are slow and noisy as well as that there is a desire for research to inform decision-making, that researchers are great collaborators, and that the walls we are so quick to erect between health research and health practice are unhelpful facades. It is our hope that the clarity with which these issues are being demonstrated by COVID-19 might provide the impetus to address these challenges and seize these opportunities to improve our health research system, for the benefit for communities facing COVID-19 now, and for the benefit of us all in facing the further health challenges that are sure to come. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00573-1 doi: 10.1186/s12961-020-00573-1 id: cord-274824-kaefedl1 author: Turski, Waldemar A. title: AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the “Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:” a translational review and therapeutic perspectives date: 2020-09-24 words: 5928.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274824-kaefedl1.txt summary: as pro viral factor TiPARP, and to the modulation of cytokine gene expression, specifically, interleukin 1␤ (IL-1␤), IL-10, and TNF-␣ ( Fig. 1) , which is consistent with the role for AhR activation in the host response to CoV infection Grunewald, Shaban, Mackin, Fehr, & Perlman, 2020; Neavin, Liu, Ray, & Weinshilboum, 2018) . Since CoV persistently activate AhRs, this may lead to up-regulation of multiple sets of downstream effectors resulting in different pathologies (Fig. 2) depending on time after infection, individuals overall state of health, comorbidities, and environmental factors affecting AhRs. We believe it is therefore appropriate to describe this disease as a systemic AhR activation syndrome (SAAS), which can manifest in an acute (current pandemic), and perhaps later, in a chronic form, in survivors. abstract: Covid-19 is the acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 with initial clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, malaise, headache, and anosmia. After entry into cells, corona viruses (CoV) activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) by an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-independent mechanism, bypassing the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR pathway. The IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway is used by multiple viral, microbial and parasitic pathogens to activate AhRs and to establish infections. AhRs enhance their own activity through an IDO1-AhR-IDO1 positive feedback loop prolonging activation induced by pathogens. Direct activation of AhRs by CoV induces immediate and simultaneous up-regulation of diverse AhR-dependent downstream effectors, and this, in turn, results in a “Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome” (SAAS) consisting of inflammation, thromboembolism, and fibrosis, culminating in multiple organ injuries, and death. Activation of AhRs by CoV may lead to diverse sets of phenotypic disease pictures depending on time after infection, overall state of health, hormonal balance, age, gender, comorbidities, but also diet and environmental factors modulating AhRs. We hypothesize that elimination of factors known to up-regulate AhRs, or implementation of measures known to down-regulate AhRs, should decrease severity of infection. Although therapies selectively down-regulating both AhR and IDO1 are currently lacking, medications in clinical use such as dexamethasone may down-regulate both AhR and IDO1 genes, as calcitriol/vitamin D(3) may down-regulate the AhR gene, and tocopherol/vitamin E may down-regulate the IDO1 gene. Supplementation of calcitriol should therefore be subjected to epidemiological studies and tested in prospective trials for prevention of CoV infections, as should tocopherol, whereas dexamethasone could be tried in interventional trials. Because lack of physical exercise activates AhRs via the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway increasing risk of infection, physical exercise should be encouraged during quarantines and stay-at-home orders during pandemic outbreaks. Understanding which factors affect gene expression of both AhR and IDO1 may help in designing therapies to prevent and treat humans suffering from Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32597823/ doi: 10.3233/rnn-201042 id: cord-255364-slvcfj80 author: Tuty Kuswardhani, R.A. title: Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-28 words: 3182.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255364-slvcfj80.txt summary: title: Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of CCI score and a composite of poor outcomes through several databases. Thus, to delineate better the advantage of using CCI for risk stratifications in COVID-19 patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between CCI and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that higher CCI was associated with increased mortality and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and Risk of Severe Outcome and Death in Danish COVID-19 Patients The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting patients with comorbidities. Therefore, thorough comorbidities assessment can help establish risk stratification of patients with COVID-19, upon hospital admission. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a validated, simple, and readily applicable method of estimating the risk of death from comorbid disease and has been widely used as a predictor of long-term prognosis and survival. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of CCI score and a composite of poor outcomes through several databases. RESULTS: Compared to a CCI score of 0, a CCI score of 1–2 and CCI score of ≥3 was prognostically associated with mortality and associated with a composite of poor outcomes. Per point increase of CCI score also increased mortality risk by 16%. Moreover, a higher mean CCI score also significantly associated with mortality and disease severity. CONCLUSION: CCI score should be utilized for risk stratifications of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022 id: cord-280068-rszu1c48 author: Twomey, Julianne D. title: COVID-19 update: The race to therapeutic development date: 2020-10-24 words: 6195.0 sentences: 331.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280068-rszu1c48.txt summary: We highlight two major lines of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment: 1) repurposing the existing drugs for use in COVID-19 patients, such as antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) and immunomodulators (e.g., dexamethasone) which were previously approved for other disease conditions, and 2) novel biological products that are designed to target specific molecules that are involved in SARS-COV-2 viral entry, including neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-COV-2, such as REGN-COV2 (an antibody cocktail) and LY-COV555, as well as recombinant human soluble ACE2 protein to counteract SARS-COV-2 binding to the transmembrane ACE2 receptor in target cells. The current review highlights the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-19, including small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to target the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, viral amplification or the host immune responses. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. At the time of this review, COVID-19 has been diagnosed in over 40 million cases and associated with 1.1 million deaths worldwide. Current management strategies for COVID-19 are largely supportive, and while there are more than 2000 interventional clinical trials registered with the U.S. National Library of Medicine (clinicaltrials.gov), results that can clarify benefits and risks of candidate therapies are only gradually becoming available. We herein describe recent advances in understanding SARS-COV-2 pathobiology and potential therapeutic targets that are involved in viral entry into host cells, viral spread in the body, and the subsequent COVID-19 progression. We highlight two major lines of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment: 1) repurposing the existing drugs for use in COVID-19 patients, such as antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) and immunomodulators (e.g., dexamethasone) which were previously approved for other disease conditions, and 2) novel biological products that are designed to target specific molecules that are involved in SARS-COV-2 viral entry, including neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-COV-2, such as REGN-COV2 (an antibody cocktail) and LY-COV555, as well as recombinant human soluble ACE2 protein to counteract SARS-COV-2 binding to the transmembrane ACE2 receptor in target cells. Finally, we discuss potential drug resistance mechanisms and provide thoughts regarding clinical trial design to address the diversity in COVID-19 clinical manifestation. Of note, preventive vaccines, cell and gene therapies are not within the scope of the current review. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2020.100733 doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100733 id: cord-354180-6esn3t2b author: Tyndall, Mark title: Safer opioid distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: 4223.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354180-6esn3t2b.txt summary: The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic comes at time when North America is in the midst of a protracted overdose epidemic caused by a toxic illegal drug supply. Overdose deaths are likely to rise when people are isolated, social support programs are cut back, and the illicit drug supply is further compromised. Safer opioid distribution in response to a toxic street drug supply is a pragmatic and effective way to reduce overdose deaths. Even if emergency housing can be found and mitigation strategies to reduce COVID-19 transmission are put in place, the need to access an illegal drug supply makes staying in place extremely unlikely (Bodkin et al., 2020) . A waning tolerance to opioids means that the first exposure to street drugs can be deadly and it is critical that proper discharge planning and supports are in place (Bukten et al.,2017) Many people who use drugs rely on public services for medical care, harm reduction supplies, street outreach, and food distribution. abstract: COVID-19 has turned the world upside down in a very short period of time. The impact of COVID-19 will disproportionately effect people who are least able to protect themselves and this will include people who use drugs. The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic comes at time when North America is in the midst of a protracted overdose epidemic caused by a toxic illegal drug supply. Overdose deaths are likely to rise when people are isolated, social support programs are cut back, and the illicit drug supply is further compromised. Safer opioid distribution in response to a toxic street drug supply is a pragmatic and effective way to reduce overdose deaths. COVID-19 makes such an approach even more urgent and compelling. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102880 doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102880 id: cord-267996-5l9shks8 author: Tysiąc-Miśta, Monika title: The Attitudes and Professional Approaches of Dental Practitioners during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-06-30 words: 6338.0 sentences: 330.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267996-5l9shks8.txt summary: variables, such as a lack of access to adequate, enhanced PPE; individuals'' COVID-19 contraction risk assessments; self-reported feelings of anxiety regarding the disease; gender; the acknowledgement of national guidance on how to treat patients during the recent health care crisis; and other factors such as age, years of clinical experience, marital status, having children, place of residence, risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities and, finally, dentists'' acknowledgement of the professional recommendations launched by the PDA and PMH. We also investigated factors such as age, years of clinical practice (Table 5) , marital status, having children, place of residence, belonging to the risk group for coronavirus infection due to comorbidities, and dentists'' opinions on the lasting impact of COVID-19 on dental procedures (Table 6 ) in relation to the decision to continue dental practice or not. abstract: The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put enormous pressure on health care systems around the world. Dentistry has had to adjust to the new epidemic situation to not only bring relief to suffering patients but also to avoid becoming a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: A comprehensive, cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 6 and 16, 2020 among 875 Polish dental practitioners. The aim of the research was to assess dentists’ attitudes and professional approaches resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 71.2% of dentists who responded to the questionnaire decided to suspend their clinical practice during that particular time. The main factors for this fact were the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), the respondents’ subjective perceptions of the risk of COVID-19 contraction and a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 situation. The authors observed a significant decrease in the number of patients admitted weekly in April 2020 (12.06; SD, 11.55) in comparison to that in the time before the state of pandemic was declared on March 11, 2020 (49.21; SD, 24.97). Conclusions: Due to the unpreparedness of the dental sector, both in national health and private settings, most of the Polish dentists decided to voluntarily suspend their clinical practice in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed numerous shortcomings in the dental care system, especially regarding the insufficient coordination of health services related to the pandemic and lack of advanced PPE. This has led to an overwhelming feeling of fear, confusion and anxiety among dental professionals in Poland and a sudden decrease in the number of performed dental procedures. Hopefully enriched with the recent experience and due to the implementation of proper strategic and long-term measures, dental practitioners will be better prepared and adapted to global health care disruptions in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134703 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134703 id: cord-290771-18dj37dj author: Tzeng, Ching-Wei D. title: Cancer Surgery Scheduling During and After the COVID-19 First Wave: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience date: 2020-05-18 words: 4865.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290771-18dj37dj.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Cancer surgeons should continue to use their oncologic knowledge to determine the window of opportunity for each surgical procedure, based on tumor biology, preoperative treatment sequencing, and response to systemic therapy, to safely guide patients through this cautious recovery phase. Total surgical case volume by week during early COVID-19 response, in which MD Anderson Cancer Center implemented goals to create a ''''moat'''' around hospitalized patients, to reduce workforce and visitor traffic, and to limit ''''elective'''' cases. Because the Department of Surgical Oncology and MD Anderson Cancer Center have traditionally favored neoadjuvant therapy for many solid tumors, we strategically initiated or continued this treatment sequencing when possible to postpone surgery to beyond the late April peak of COVID-19 incidence in the Houston area. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the multi-specialty strategy and initial guidelines of a Case Review Committee in triaging oncologic surgery procedures in a large Comprehensive Cancer Center and to outline current steps moving forward after the initial wave. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The impetus for strategic rescheduling of operations is multifactorial and includes our societal responsibility to minimize COVID-19 exposure risk and propagation among patients, the healthcare workforce, and our community at large. Strategic rescheduling is also driven by the need to preserve limited resources. As many states have already or are considering to re-open and relax stay-at-home orders, there remains a continued need for careful surgical scheduling because we must face the reality that we will need to co-exist with COVID-19 for months, if not years. METHODS: The quality officers, chairs, and leadership of the 9 surgical departments in our Division of Surgery provide specialty-specific approaches to appropriately triage patients. RESULTS: We present the strategic approach for surgical rescheduling during and immediately after the COVID-19 first wave for the 9 departments in the Division of Surgery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer surgeons should continue to use their oncologic knowledge to determine the window of opportunity for each surgical procedure, based on tumor biology, preoperative treatment sequencing, and response to systemic therapy, to safely guide patients through this cautious recovery phase. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000004092 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004092 id: cord-338436-0z828org author: Tzou, Philip L. title: Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds date: 2020-09-09 words: 8193.0 sentences: 522.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338436-0z828org.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338436-0z828org.txt summary: Results: As of August 2020, the Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB; covdb.stanford.edu) contained over 2800 cell culture, entry assay, and biochemical experiments, 259 animal model studies, and 73 clinical studies from over 400 published papers. Figure 4 displays EC 50 values for many of the directly acting antiviral compounds currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 including six polymerase inhibitors (remdesivir, EIDD-2801, favipiravir, ribavirin, galidesivir, and sofosbuvir), three HIV-1 protease inhibitors (lopinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir), and three entry inhibitors (receptor binding monoclonal antibodies, soluble recombinant human ACE2, and umifenovir). Viruses 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 22 Table 4 describes a set of the most promising compounds for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 based on the following criteria: (i) act by a validated direct or indirect antiviral mechanism, (ii) display submicromolar activity in vitro and/or inhibitory activity in an animal model, and (iii) have a record of safety and favorable pharmacokinetics in human subjects. abstract: Background: To prioritize the development of antiviral compounds, it is necessary to compare their relative preclinical activity and clinical efficacy. Methods: We reviewed in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies of candidate anti-coronavirus compounds and placed extracted data in an online relational database. Results: As of August 2020, the Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB; covdb.stanford.edu) contained over 2800 cell culture, entry assay, and biochemical experiments, 259 animal model studies, and 73 clinical studies from over 400 published papers. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV account for 85% of the data. Approximately 75% of experiments involved compounds with known or likely mechanisms of action, including monoclonal antibodies and receptor binding inhibitors (21%), viral protease inhibitors (17%), miscellaneous host-acting inhibitors (10%), polymerase inhibitors (9%), interferons (7%), fusion inhibitors (5%), and host protease inhibitors (5%). Of 975 compounds with known or likely mechanism, 135 (14%) are licensed in the U.S. for other indications, 197 (20%) are licensed outside the U.S. or are in human trials, and 595 (61%) are pre-clinical investigational compounds. Conclusion: CoV-RDB facilitates comparisons between different candidate antiviral compounds, thereby helping scientists, clinical investigators, public health officials, and funding agencies prioritize the most promising compounds and repurposed drugs for further development. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32916958/ doi: 10.3390/v12091006 id: cord-264642-veqyvtn4 author: Tzu-Hsuan Chen, Daniel title: The psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in smoking behavior: Evidence from a nationwide survey in the UK date: 2020-10-23 words: 1917.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264642-veqyvtn4.txt summary: Thus, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence of the changes in smoking behavior among British smokers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the impact of psychosocial factors on these behaviors. Pearson''s χ(2) test revealed significant differences between different smoking behavior groups in their concerns about mental health (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and stress (p<0.001), state of low mood (p=0.012), in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score (p=0.018) and ranking on the Cantril Ladder scale (p<0.001). During this unprecedented crisis, recent studies have highlighted the psychological and behavioral effects of COVID-19, including widespread mental disorders such as anxiety or depression 2 , and changes in tobacco use patterns 3 . In this context, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence of the changes in smoking behavior among British smokers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and, more importantly, understand how demographic and psychosocial factors impact these behaviors. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The stress and anxiety during this unprecedented public health crisis may lead current smokers to increase tobacco use or former smokers to relapse. Thus, this study aims to provide epidemiological evidence of the changes in smoking behavior among British smokers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the impact of psychosocial factors on these behaviors. METHODS: A nationwide survey of a representative sample of 4075 UK respondents aged >16 years was conducted between 27 April and 24 May 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychosocial and demographic variables between different smoking behavior groups were compared using Pearson’s χ(2) test and Cramer’s V. RESULTS: Among current smokers (n=329), one-quarter (25.2%, n=86) reported smoking more than usual, 50.9% (n=174) reported smoking the same amount, and 20.2% (n=69) reported smoking less. Significant associations were observed between different smoking behavior groups and psychosocial factors. Pearson’s χ(2) test revealed significant differences between different smoking behavior groups in their concerns about mental health (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001) and stress (p<0.001), state of low mood (p=0.012), in the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score (p=0.018) and ranking on the Cantril Ladder scale (p<0.001). Many respondents expressed that the pandemic had a more negative impact on their mental health and the impact was more pronounced among those who smoked more. CONCLUSIONS: Deterioration of mental health and psychosocial well-being were linked to increased smoking. Public health authorities should take proactive measures to provide mental healthcare and smoking cessation support as preventive measures to tackle the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/126976 doi: 10.18332/tpc/126976 id: cord-264264-7j3xirfg author: TüRsen, Ümit title: CORONAVIRUS‐DAYS IN DERMATOLOGY date: 2020-04-15 words: 2144.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt summary: Soap works better than alcohol and disinfectants at destroying the structure of viruses. Soap dissolves the fat membrane, and the virus falls apart like a house of cards and "dies," or rather, it becomes inactive as viruses aren''t really alive. Apart from alcohol and soap, antibacterial agents in those products don''t affect the virus structure much. However, it was observed that washing hands with soap is better than using alcohol-based disinfectants in removing the noroviruses, rhinovirus and H1N1 influenza virus from hands (Tuladhar 2015, Kopra 2012, Grayson 2009 ). Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Efficacy of soap and water and alcohol-based hand-rub preparations against live H1N1 influenza virus on the hands of human volunteers Single treatment with ethanol hand rub is ineffective against human rhinovirus--hand washing with soap and water removes the virus efficiently abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐corona virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is highly contagious and a particularly popular problem in all around the World and also in all departments of every hospital. In order to protect the well‐being of healthcare providers while providing a sufficient workforce to respond to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) are vital for pandemic planning. In this article, we will discuss this problem from a dermatological aspect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13421 doi: 10.1111/dth.13421 id: cord-305632-xbji6g5x author: Uccelli, Matteo title: COVID-19 and Obesity: Is Bariatric Surgery Protective? Retrospective Analysis on 2145 Patients Undergone Bariatric-Metabolic Surgery from High Volume Center in Italy (Lombardy) date: 2020-10-31 words: 2889.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305632-xbji6g5x.txt summary: There are also emerging data indicating that obesity is an independent predictor of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and death [6, 11, 12] , and in a recent report from a large cohort of COVID-19 patients in New York, obesity was found to be one of the most common associated comorbidities in hospitalized patients [13, 14] . We therefore analyzed a significant number of patients to evaluate the spread and the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a population of patients who had undergone bariatric surgery. Therefore, our data are encouraging, considering that these patients were obese: bariatric surgery and the consequent weight loss seem to significantly lower the risk of serious consequences due to COVID infection. Bariatric surgery, therefore, can be considered a protective factor with respect to the onset of severe respiratory disease resulting from infection with SARS-CoV-2. abstract: INTRODUCTION: On February 20, 2020, a severe case of pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed in northern Italy (Lombardy). Some studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for severe disease in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the lockdown period (until May 2020), we contacted operated patients by phone and social networks (e.g., Facebook) to maintain constant contact with them; in addition, we gave the patients a dedicated phone number at which to call us for emergencies. We produced telemedicine and educational videos for obese and bariatric patients, and we submitted a questionnaire to patients who had undergone bariatric surgery in the past. RESULTS: A total of 2145 patients (313 male; 1832 female) replied to the questionnaire. Mean presurgical BMI: 44.5 ± 6.8 kg/m(2). Mean age: 44.0 ± 10.0 year. Mean BMI after surgery: 29.3 ± 5.5 kg/m(2) (p < 0.05). From February to May 2020, 8.4% of patients reported that they suffered from at least one symptom among those identified as related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirteen patients (0.6%) tested positive for COVID-19. Six patients (0.3%) were admitted to the COVID Department, and 2 patients (0.1%) were admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: Although the reported rates of symptoms and fever were high, only 0.6% of patients tested positive for COVID-19. Among more than 2000 patients who underwent bariatric surgery analyzed in this study, only 0.1% needed ICU admission. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-020-05085-z. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05085-z doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-05085-z id: cord-331243-0u65qguq author: Ucciferri, Claudio title: Role of monoclonal antibody drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 1695.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331243-0u65qguq.txt summary: Evidence suggests that elevated cytokine levels, reflecting a hyperinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are responsible for multi-organ damage in patients with COVID-19. These studies suggest that tocilizumab may be a candidate to improve the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 infections. Recent data on anakinra showed that, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 and Acute respiratory distress syndrome managed with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, treatment with highdose anakinra was safe and associated with clinical improvement [16, 17] . Currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 infection show that the extent of the inflammatory response correlates with disease progression and subsequent organ damage. Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study abstract: Currently clinicians all around the world are experiencing a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical presentation of this pathology includes fever, dry cough, fatigue and acute respiratory distress syndrome that can lead to death infected patients. Current studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to highlight the urgent need for an effective therapy. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been used until now but, to date, there is no specific effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elevated inflammatory cytokines have been reported in patients with COVID-19. Evidence suggests that elevated cytokine levels, reflecting a hyperinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are responsible for multi-organ damage in patients with COVID-19. For these reason, numerous randomized clinical trials are currently underway to explore the effectiveness of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as, interleukin-1 blockers, interleukin-6 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, in COVID-19. The aim of the present paper is to briefly summarize the pathogenetic rationale and the state of the art of therapeutic strategy blocking hyperinflammation. url: https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4280 doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4280 id: cord-330346-9zi5culm author: Uddin Chowdhury, Md Reaz title: COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh date: 2020-11-12 words: 1697.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330346-9zi5culm.txt summary: title: COVID-19 presented with syndrome of inappropriate ADH SECRETION(SIADH):a case report from Bangladesh CASE REPORT: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia accounts for approximately one-third of all cases.In the diagnosis of SIADH it is important to ascertain the euvolemic state of extra cellular fluid volume, both clinically and laboratory measurement. Howover, Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) associated with SIADH were only few cases reported.We are presenting a case of 70 year old female admitted with unconsciousness later diagnosed as severe hyponatremia along with COVID-19 complicated with severe pneumonia. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),transmitted often from human to human by droplet and contact routes [5] .The disease usually manifests as upper or lower respiratory system illness in majority of clinical presentation [6] .We describe a case of 70 year aged woman with SIADH associated COVID-19 with severe pneumonia. abstract: BACKGOUND: Novel corona virus(SARS-CoV-2) which emerged from Wuhan, China, has spread to whole worlds very rapidly causing enormous health effect and death. Current publications worldwide showed that COVID-19 is a disease involving multiple system of the body with many unusual presentations. So physicians face the challenges to manage it in the hospital. CASE REPORT: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia accounts for approximately one-third of all cases.In the diagnosis of SIADH it is important to ascertain the euvolemic state of extra cellular fluid volume, both clinically and laboratory measurement. Several infections associated with SIADH have been reported. Howover, Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) associated with SIADH were only few cases reported.We are presenting a case of 70 year old female admitted with unconsciousness later diagnosed as severe hyponatremia along with COVID-19 complicated with severe pneumonia. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120305049?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101290 id: cord-269283-jm18lj5t author: Uddin, Md Bashir title: Ancestral origin, antigenic resemblance and epidemiological insights of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): Global burden and Bangladesh perspective date: 2020-07-01 words: 2736.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269283-jm18lj5t.txt summary: Bioinformatics analysis, satellite derived imaging data and epidemiological attributes were employed to investigate origin, immunogenic resemblance and global threat of newly pandemic SARS-CoV-2 including Bangladesh perspective. The study also prioritized the temperature comparison through satellite imaging alongside compiling and analyzing the epidemiological outbreak information on the 2019 novel coronavirus based on several open datasets on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and discussed possible threats to Bangladesh. As the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19 [SARS-CoV-2]) is expanding rapidly, analysis of epidemiological data of COVID-19 is necessary to explore the measures of burden associated with the disease and to simultaneously gather information on determinants and interventions. Moreover, the conservancy study of immunogenic peptides predicted from the SARS-CoV-2 proteins was also compared against other human coronavirus strains (HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HKU1 and MERS-CoV). Cross-checked conservancy analysis of COVID-19 antigenic epitopes with SARS-CoV proteins showed that conservancy when crosschecked with other coronaviruses, including BufCoV-HKU26 of Bangladesh origin, was not significant ( Table 3) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus strain responsible for COVID-19 has emerged in Wuhan City, China and still continuing its worldwide pandemic nature. Considering the severity of the disease, a number of studies are underway, and full genomic sequences have already been released in the last few weeks to enable the understanding of the evolutionary origin and molecular characteristics of this virus. Bioinformatics analysis, satellite derived imaging data and epidemiological attributes were employed to investigate origin, immunogenic resemblance and global threat of newly pandemic SARS-CoV-2 including Bangladesh perspective. Based on currently available genomic information, a phylogeny study was employed focusing four types of representative viral proteins (spike, membrane, envelope and nucleoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HKU1, MERS-CoV, HKU4, HKU5 and BufCoV-HKU26. The findings clearly demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 exhibited evolutionary convergent relation with previously reported SARS-CoV. It was also found that SARS-CoV-2 proteins were highly similar and identical to SARS-CoV proteins, though proteins from other coronaviruses showed lower level of similarity and identical patterns. The cross-checked conservancy analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes showed significant conservancy with antigenic epitopes derived from SARS-CoV. The study also prioritized the temperature comparison through satellite imaging alongside compiling and analyzing the epidemiological outbreak information on the 2019 novel coronavirus based on several open datasets on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and discussed possible threats to Bangladesh. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567134820302719?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104440 id: cord-268952-3j43p9j3 author: Ueda Oshima, Masumi title: Blood and marrow transplantation during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic: the Seattle approach date: 2020-09-26 words: 3636.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268952-3j43p9j3.txt summary: Situated in the initial epicenter of the pandemic, the Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch)/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA) was at the forefront of delivering care to transplant patients during the surge of this public health crisis. In early March 2020 when community transmissions resulted in a steep increase of COVID-19 cases in Washington state, the individual risk for hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients who acquired the infection was unknown. In early March 2020, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the UW predicted that the COVID-19-driven demand for healthcare resources including acute and intensive care hospital beds and ventilators might exceed the available supply in Washington state and particularly in our region [6] . Once a COVID-19 vaccine is available, vaccination approaches for the posttransplant period in immunosuppressed patients, vaccination of caregivers, family, and clinical staff, and even assessing potential benefits of vaccinating donors prior to stem cell donation will have to be determined. abstract: On January 20, 2020, the first patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States of America was diagnosed in Washington state, which subsequently experienced rapidly increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. This placed the Seattle Blood and Marrow Transplant Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutch) in the national epicenter of this pandemic. Here, we summarize the experience gained during our rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our efforts were aimed at safely performing urgent and potentially life-saving stem cell transplants in the setting of pandemic-related stresses on healthcare resources and shelter-in-place public health measures. We describe the unique circumstances and challenges encountered, the current state of the program amidst evolving COVID-19 cases in our community, and the guiding principles for recovery. We also estimate the collateral impact of directing clinical resources toward COVID-19-related care on cancer patients in need of stem cell transplantation. Although our experience was influenced by specific regional and institutional factors, it may help inform how transplant programs respond to COVID-19 and future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-020-01068-x doi: 10.1038/s41409-020-01068-x id: cord-348327-rgikd4g8 author: Ueyama, Hiroki title: Gender Difference Is Associated With Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Insight From a Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-19 words: 2448.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348327-rgikd4g8.txt summary: STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The following search terms were applied to include all relevant studies documenting gender information on COVID-19 infection and its association with outcomes: "coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV or sars cov 2 or COVID-19 or COVID; sex or gender or male or female or clinical characteristic or clinical features of clinical course or risk factor. Studies were included in our meta-analysis when it was: 1) published in peer-reviewed journals and 2) study that recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in COVID-19 infection. The salient findings of this meta-analysis are that males were more likely to develop severe COVID-19 infections compared with females, while there was no significant difference in mortality between gender. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a novel infection now causing pandemic around the world. The gender difference in regards to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection has not been well described thus far. Our aim was to investigate how gender difference can affect the disease severity of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted from December 1, 2019, to March 26, 2020. An additional manual search of secondary sources was conducted to minimize missing relevant studies. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included in our meta-analysis if it was published in peer-reviewed journals and recorded patient characteristics of severe versus nonsevere or survivor versus nonsurvivor in coronavirus disease 2019 infection. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators independently screened the search, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the study. DATA SYNTHESIS: Our search identified 15 observational studies with a total of 3,494 patients (1,935 males and 1,559 females) to be included in our meta-analysis. Males were more likely to develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection compared with females (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07–1.60). There was no significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 12%) among the studies. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the male gender may be a predictor of more severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Further accumulation of evidence from around the world is warranted to confirm our findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000148 id: cord-035026-2qcsfd87 author: Ugwueze, Chidiebere V. title: COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications date: 2020-10-23 words: 5413.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035026-2qcsfd87.txt summary: The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of the pancreatic islet cells, drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and the lockdown policy may impact negatively on glycemic control of diabetic patients. [40] showed that the clinical outcomes in COVID-19-positive patients with coexisting diabetes and hypertension who use ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker were comparable to those not using the drugs. A clinical trial (NCT04318418) was designed to determine the effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the severity of COVID-19 infection [41] . Some authors have considered the rapidity of worsening glycemic control in stable diabetic patients with CO-VID-19 requiring the use of high insulin dose and suggested the possibility of pancreatic invasion by the SARS-CoV-2 [57, 58] . Once the entry of the virus is established, there is a downregulation of ACE2 receptor and a corresponding Ugwueze/Ezeokpo/Nnolim/Agim/ Anikpo/Onyekachi Dubai Diabetes Endocrinol J 6 DOI: 10.1159/000511354 activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is responsible for the cardiac and pulmonary complications of COVID-19 infection [75] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral infection that has ravaged the world in recent times, and the associated morbidity and mortality have been much more pronounced in those with noncommunicable disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of commonest noncommunicable diseases associated with worsening clinical status in COVID-19 patients. SUMMARY: The aim of this review was to evaluate the receptors and pathogenetic link between diabetes and COVID-19. Both disease conditions involve inflammation with the release of inflammatory markers. The roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme molecule and dipeptidyl peptidase were explored to show their involvement in COVID-19 and diabetes. Pathogenetic mechanisms such as impaired immunity, microangiopathy, and glycemic variability may explain the effect of diabetes on recovery of COVID-19 patients. The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of the pancreatic islet cells, drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and the lockdown policy may impact negatively on glycemic control of diabetic patients. The outcome studies between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 were also reviewed. Some drug trials are still ongoing to determine the suitability or otherwise of some drugs used in diabetic patients with COVID-19, such as dapagliflozin trial and linagliptin trial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649685/ doi: 10.1159/000511354 id: cord-288264-xs08g2cy author: Ulahannan, Jijo Pulickiyil title: A citizen science initiative for open data and visualization of COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala, India date: 2020-08-06 words: 3123.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288264-xs08g2cy.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a citizen science initiative, we leveraged publicly available and crowd-verified data on COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala from the government bulletins and media outlets to generate reusable datasets. RESULTS: From the sourced data, we provided real-time analysis, and daily updates of COVID-19 cases in Kerala, through a user-friendly bilingual dashboard (https://covid19kerala.info/) for non-specialists. CONCLUSION: We reported a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala to collect and deposit data in a structured format, which was utilized for visualizing the outbreak trend and describing demographic characteristics of affected individuals. Here, we report a citizen science initiative to leverage publicly available data on COVID-19 cases in Kerala from the daily bulletins released by the DHS, Government of Kerala, and various news outlets. The multi-sourced data was refined to make a structured live dataset to provide real-time analysis and daily updates of COVID-19 cases in Kerala through a bilingual (English and Malayalam) user-friendly dashboard (https://covid19kerala.info/). abstract: OBJECTIVE: India reported its first COVID-19 case in the state of Kerala and an outbreak initiated subsequently. The Department of Health Services, Government of Kerala, initially released daily updates through daily textual bulletins for public awareness to control the spread of the disease. However, this unstructured data limits upstream applications, such as visualization, and analysis, thus demanding refinement to generate open and reusable datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Through a citizen science initiative, we leveraged publicly available and crowd-verified data on COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala from the government bulletins and media outlets to generate reusable datasets. This was further visualized as a dashboard through a frontend web application and a JSON repository, which serves as an API for the frontend. RESULTS: From the sourced data, we provided real-time analysis, and daily updates of COVID-19 cases in Kerala, through a user-friendly bilingual dashboard (https://covid19kerala.info/) for non-specialists. To ensure longevity and reusability, the dataset was deposited in an open-access public repository for future analysis. Finally, we provide outbreak trends and demographic characteristics of the individuals affected with COVID-19 in Kerala during the first 138 days of the outbreak. DISCUSSION: We anticipate that our dataset can form the basis for future studies, supplemented with clinical and epidemiological data from the individuals affected with COVID-19 in Kerala. CONCLUSION: We reported a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 outbreak in Kerala to collect and deposit data in a structured format, which was utilized for visualizing the outbreak trend and describing demographic characteristics of affected individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa203 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa203 id: cord-350655-04dq9b4r author: Ulas, T. title: Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-08 words: 7912.0 sentences: 442.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350655-04dq9b4r.txt summary: Based on previous experience with other infectious diseases (20-26), we hypothesized that whole blood 95 transcriptomes should allow us to 1) determine immune cellular characteristics and functions in COVID-19 96 patients, 2) reveal heterogeneous molecular phenotypes of patients with similar clinical presentation, 3) 97 define commonalities and differences of COVID-19 in comparison to other inflammatory conditions and 4) 98 predict potential drug repurposing that might counteract observed immune dysregulations. However, comparison of this clinical parameter-173 based grouping of the COVID-19 patients did not match the transcriptional variability observed in the data 174 either (Fig. 1I) , arguing that additional molecular parameters must exist that better define the blood 175 transcriptome structure and thereby more accurately dissect heterogeneity of the clinical manifestation of 176 177 178 Co-expression analysis discloses COVID-19 subgroups with distinct molecular signatures 179 Classical approaches to analyze the transcriptome data by using differential gene expression analysis 180 based on sample groups defined by a selection of clinical parameters precluded dissection of the 181 heterogeneity of the host immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is evident in the high-182 parameter space of the transcriptome (Fig. 1) . abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases calls for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 11 COVID-19 patients. Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 2,600 samples derived from 11 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.07.20148395v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20148395 id: cord-290952-tbsccwgx author: Ullah, Saif title: Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study date: 2020-07-03 words: 6464.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290952-tbsccwgx.txt summary: In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the biggest public health challenge the world is facing in recent days. Since there is no effective vaccine and treatment for this virus, therefore, the only way to mitigate this infection is the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social-distancing, community lockdown, quarantine, hospitalization or self-isolation and contact-tracing. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 100,000 confirmed infected cases so far. Initially, a mathematical model without optimal control is formulated and some of the basic necessary analysis of the model, including stability results of the disease-free equilibrium is presented. It is found that the model is stable around the disease-free equilibrium both locally and globally when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Despite the basic analysis of the model, we further consider the confirmed infected COVID-19 cases documented in Pakistan from March 1 till May 28, 2020 and estimate the model parameters using the least square fitting tools from statistics and probability theory. The results show that the model output is in good agreement with the reported COVID-19 infected cases. The approximate value of the basic reproductive number based on the estimated parameters is [Formula: see text]. The effect of low (or mild), moderate, and comparatively strict control interventions like social-distancing, quarantine rate, (or contact-tracing of suspected people) and hospitalization (or self-isolation) of testing positive COVID-19 cases are shown graphically. It is observed that the most effective strategy to minimize the disease burden is the implementation of maintaining a strict social-distancing and contact-tracing to quarantine the exposed people. Furthermore, we carried out the global sensitivity analysis of the most crucial parameter known as the basic reproduction number using the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) techniques. The proposed model is then reformulated by adding the time-dependent control variables u(1)(t) for quarantine and u(2)(t) for the hospitalization interventions and present the necessary optimality conditions using the optimal control theory and Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Finally, the impact of constant and optimal control interventions on infected individuals is compared graphically. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920304720 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110075 id: cord-268247-psrijhg2 author: Ullah, Waqas title: As the COVID-19 pandemic drags on, where have all the STEMIs gone? date: 2020-05-31 words: 978.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268247-psrijhg2.txt summary: Despite the high rate of cardiovascular complications, contemporary reports show that COVID-19 concerns have prompted patients to delay seeking emergent care, reducing the number of STEMI cases. [5, 6] Reluctance to visit a hospital due to fear of morbidity related to COVID-19 only adds to time delays in managing STEMI due to increased precautionary measures and accessory testing in the ED, delayed triaging, short staffing and slow activation of cardiac catheterization labs, putting patients at risk of worse clinical outcomes. Early recommendations from the Wuhan experience included intravenous thrombolysis as first-line therapy for STEMI patients with confirmed COVID-19 given that most hospitals do not have protected cardiac catheterization labs and coronary care units for respiratory borne illnesses. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China. Reduction in ST-Segment Elevation Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Activations in the United States during COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550258/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100550 id: cord-286293-f5qg7vcz author: Ullah, Waqas title: COVID-19 complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure date: 2020-04-17 words: 1094.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286293-f5qg7vcz.txt summary: Since the end of December 2019, when the first cases of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were detected in Wuhan, China, the disease has spread exponentially. [2] In up to 15% of patients, the natural course of the disease is complicated by severe interstitial pneumonia, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure including acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation and death. [2] To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of COVID-19 complicated by massive pulmonary embolism and right-sided heart failure. [4] A higher risk of vessel thrombosis has been correlated with the severity of the disease and multiorgan involvement, leading support to the argument of therapeutic anticoagulation of COVID-19 patients with elevated d-dimer levels. In the present case, the patient had elevated CRP and d-dimer levels with no other risk factor for pulmonary embolism, indicating COVID-19 related hypercoagulable state as possible etiology for thrombosis in the pulmonary vasculature. abstract: Abstract A patient with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) developed sudden shortness of breath and hypoxia. She was diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism (PE) complicated by right sided heart failure, which was successfully managed conservatively. This marks the first report of COVID-19 induced PE in association with acute heart failure. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666084920303673?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.008 id: cord-289091-djv4syy4 author: Ullah, Waqas title: Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-07-04 words: 3384.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt summary: There was no significant difference between the disease progression between the two groups (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 0.26 -16.40, P = 0.50), while, HCQ was found to be associated with significantly higher odds of all-cause mortality (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.58 -3.13, P value < 0.00001) compared to patients in the control group. Subgroup sensitivity analysis based on the type of medications used in combination with HCQ in the experimental group mirrored the overall findings of all efficacy endpoints except that mechanical ventilation was lower in the study by Carlucci et al [14] , and control agent was favored in the study by Gautret et al [5] in terms of virological seroconversion. Our meta-analysis of 14 studies comprising 3,816 patients showed no significant difference in the efficacy of HCQ compared to the control arm, while the overall NAEs were five times higher in in the former group [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . abstract: BACKGROUND: During the initial phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, there was an unfounded fervor surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ); however, recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended against routine use of HCQ outside of study protocols citing possible adverse outcomes. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched to identify articles on COVID-19. An unadjusted odds ratio (OR) was used to calculate the safety and efficacy of HCQ on a random effect model. RESULTS: Twelve studies comprising 3,912 patients (HCQ 2,512 and control 1400) were included. The odds of all-cause mortality (OR: 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58 - 3.13, P value < 0.00001) were significantly higher in patients on HCQ compared to patients on control agent. The response to therapy assessed by negative repeat polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 0.50 - 6.75, P = 0.36), radiological resolution (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 0.47 - 8.36, P value = 0.36) and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.34 - 4.33, P value = 0.76) were identical between the two groups. Overall, four times higher odds of net adverse events (NAEs) were observed in the HCQ group (OR: 4.59, 95% CI 1.73 - 12.20, P value = 0.02). The measures for individual safety endpoints were also numerically lower in the control arm; however, none of these values reached the level of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: HCQ might offer no benefits in terms of decreasing the viral load and radiological improvement in patients with COVID-19. HCQ appears to be associated with higher odds of all-cause mortality and NAEs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849936/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4233 id: cord-295720-eeqv5xa4 author: Umeizudike, Kehinde Adesola title: Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices date: 2020-09-21 words: 4203.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295720-eeqv5xa4.txt summary: Our objectives were to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria to the COVID‐19 pandemic and infection control practices. [14] [15] [16] The COVID-19 pandemic presents with a new range of challenges for undergraduate dental training, not only in Nigeria, but worldwide which include infection control practices in the clinic. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude to the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control practices among undergraduate clinical dental students in Nigeria. This study sought to provide an overview of dental students'' knowledge of COVID-19 and attitude to infection control during this pandemic, which could serve as guidelines in preparation for school resumption and clinical training of the students. Notwithstanding, this study has provided a national perspective on the knowledge and attitudes/perceptions of undergraduate clinical dental students towards the COVID-19 pandemic and infection control practices in Nigeria. Nigerian undergraduate dental students'' knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID-19 and infection control practices abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected most countries. Infection, Prevention, and Control training is important in mitigating the spread of COVID‐19. The closure of universities by the Nigerian government has hampered academic activities of dental students. Our objectives were to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria to the COVID‐19 pandemic and infection control practices. METHODS: This was a cross‐sectional study of undergraduate clinical dental students from the dental schools in Nigeria. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to participants using an online data collection platform. Correct responses to the 45‐item questionnaire on COVID‐19 knowledge were scored to determine their knowledge level. A Likert scale of 1‐5 was used to assess the 13‐item perception and attitude questions. The level of significance was set at P values ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 102 undergraduate clinical dental students participated in the study. Males represented 54.9%, and mean age was 25.3 ± 2.4 years. Fifty percent of the students had adequate knowledge of COVID‐19. Final‐year students (58.1%) demonstrated more adequate knowledge of COVID‐19 than penultimate‐year students (28.6%, P = 0.008). Most (95.1%) respondents had positive attitudes towards infection control practices against COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical dental students had a positive attitude to infection control practices against COVID‐19, the overall knowledge of COVID‐19 was barely adequate. Guidelines on COVID‐19 from reputable health authorities should be reviewed by dental school authorities and disseminated to the students to suit their clinical practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959382/ doi: 10.1002/jdd.12423 id: cord-284301-fg3hk94b author: Umemura, Yutaka title: Hematological Phenotype of COVID-19-Induced Coagulopathy: Far from Typical Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy date: 2020-09-05 words: 3700.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284301-fg3hk94b.txt summary: Methods: To elucidate the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 pneumonia, this retrospective, observational study targeted consecutive adult patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared hemostatic biomarkers with non-COVID-19-induced septic ARDS. The aim of this study was to reveal the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by severe COVID-19 pneumonia by comparing the hemostatic parameters chronologically with those in patients with ARDS induced by non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We also performed multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis to evaluate the time series differences during the first seven days in other organ dysfunction parameters, including P/F ratio, serum creatinine level, serum bilirubin level, Glasgow Coma Scale, and SOFA subscore for the cardiovascular component between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Second, we enrolled patients with different pathophysiology (bacterial ARDS) as the control group for the study purpose of evaluating the specific phenotype of severe COVID-19-induced coagulopathy by comparing it to other types of sepsis. abstract: Background: Blood coagulation disorders commonly occur with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is only limited evidence on differentiating the pattern of the hemostatic parameters from those of typical sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). Methods: To elucidate the specific pattern of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 pneumonia, this retrospective, observational study targeted consecutive adult patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and compared hemostatic biomarkers with non-COVID-19-induced septic ARDS. Multilevel mixed-effects regression analysis was performed and Kaplan–Meier failure curves were constructed. Results: We enrolled 24 patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS and 200 patients with non-COVID-19-induced ARDS. Platelet count, antithrombin activity, and prothrombin time in the COVID-19 group were almost within normal range and time series alterations of these markers were significantly milder than the non-COVID-19 group (p = 0.052, 0.037, and 0.005, respectively). However, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product and D-dimer were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.001, 0.002, respectively). COVID-19 patients had moderately high levels of thrombin–antithrombin complex and plasmin-alpha2-plasmin inhibitor complex but normal plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level. Conclusions: The hematological phenotype of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy is quite different from that in typical SIC characterized by systemic hypercoagulation and suppressed fibrinolysis. Instead, local thrombus formation might be promoted in severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899532/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9092875 id: cord-278701-ub9j2f9i author: Umer, Fahad title: Dental services during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A tertiary care hospital experience date: 2020-08-20 words: 2231.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278701-ub9j2f9i.txt summary: The Aga Khan University is the largest tertiary care hospital in the biggest metropolis of Pakistan, in this paper six weeks of experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic is shared, we will discuss the measures that were taken to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19 amongst dental health care providers (DHCPS) and provide a neoteric workflow for the provision of safe dental care as dental services move towards normalcy. 4 During the 6 weeks which followed, the dental clinic at our hospital provided dental services to over 500 patients © 2020 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and performed more than 100 aerosol and nonaerosol generating procedures. Finally, a hotline for patients has been set up for them to call and inform the clinic if they develop any symptoms or get tested for COVID-19 following the days postdental treatment so that appropriate contact tracing measures can be undertaken. abstract: The Aga Khan University is the largest tertiary care hospital in the biggest metropolis of Pakistan, in this paper six weeks of experience during the COVID‐19 pandemic is shared, we will discuss the measures that were taken to mitigate the spread of COVID‐19 amongst dental health care providers (DHCPS) and provide a neoteric workflow for the provision of safe dental care as dental services move towards normalcy. Furthermore topic such as fit testing, contact tracing, employee health and training are discussed and experience of such measures is shared. It is hoped that till the time new evidence based data is generated these communications may help spread awareness to help setup clinical protocols for other tertiary care settings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32815633/ doi: 10.1111/scd.12510 id: cord-117800-jzokod4q author: Umer, Hamza title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regional Lockdown Policies in the Containment of Covid-19: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-06-04 words: 3622.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-117800-jzokod4q.txt summary: To slow down the spread of Covid-19, administrative regions within Pakistan imposed complete and partial lockdown restrictions on socio-economic activities, religious congregations, and human movement. After conducting econometric analyses (Regression Discontinuity and Negative Binomial Regressions) on official data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Pakistan, we find that the strategies did not lead to a similar level of Covid-19 caseload (positive cases and deaths) in all regions. In terms of reduction in the overall caseload (positive cases and deaths), compared to no lockdown, complete and partial lockdown appeared to be effective in four regions: Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GT), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). On the other hand, complete and partial lockdowns have been Umer & Khan 4 very effective in the containment of the virus in the province of Balochistan and the three administrative territories/regions of Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). abstract: To slow down the spread of Covid-19, administrative regions within Pakistan imposed complete and partial lockdown restrictions on socio-economic activities, religious congregations, and human movement. Here we examine the impact of regional lockdown strategies on Covid-19 outcomes. After conducting econometric analyses (Regression Discontinuity and Negative Binomial Regressions) on official data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) Pakistan, we find that the strategies did not lead to a similar level of Covid-19 caseload (positive cases and deaths) in all regions. In terms of reduction in the overall caseload (positive cases and deaths), compared to no lockdown, complete and partial lockdown appeared to be effective in four regions: Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan (GT), Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Contrarily, complete and partial lockdowns did not appear to be effective in containing the virus in the three largest provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The observed regional heterogeneity in the effectiveness of lockdowns advocates for a careful use of lockdown strategies based on the demographic, social, and economic factors. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.02987v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-032552-rjuug7er author: Umviligihozo, Gisele title: Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists date: 2020-07-08 words: 5927.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032552-rjuug7er.txt summary: As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks. abstract: Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly spread across the globe, with the first case reported on the African continent, in Egypt on February 14 (th), 2020. Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. Notably, there is no significant increase in unexplained pneumonias or deaths on the continent which could possibly indicate the effectiveness of interventions introduced by several African governments. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive assessment of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have contributed to prevent an uncontrolled outbreak so far. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. Our perspective is based on extensive review of the available scientific publications, official technical reports and announcements released by governmental and non-governmental health organizations as well as from our personal experiences as workers on the COVID-19 battlefield in SSA. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499400/ doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16070.1 id: cord-253312-bf35afpj author: Unal, Gokhan title: Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid date: 2020-05-27 words: 1094.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253312-bf35afpj.txt summary: Regarding the given immunomodulatory effects of valproic acid, it has been suggested that the drug might provide benefits for ARDS due to the exaggerated immune response related to COVID-19. Most of the clinicians have thought that specific antiviral treatment against COVID-19 is the best choice to struggle with the current outbreak, however, unfortunately, preclinical and clinical research takes a long time to identify effective and safe novel antiviral therapeutical candidates. This study consolidates the findings showing the antiviral activity of valproic acid and gives hope for its potential usage in the COVID-19 pandemic. In the current situation, in our opinion, it would be feasible to examine the potential usage of valproic acid, a drug that we have been using, and well known in the clinical practice for more than 60 years, against COVID-19 pandemic and related ARDS. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498007/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109891 id: cord-243982-qhrlvmap author: Unberath, Mathias title: Artificial Intelligence-based Clinical Decision Support for COVID-19 -- Where Art Thou? date: 2020-06-05 words: 2845.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-243982-qhrlvmap.txt summary: In this perspective piece, we identify opportunities and requirements for AI-based clinical decision support systems and highlight challenges that impact"AI readiness"for rapidly emergent healthcare challenges. Learning-based algorithms had been shown to accurately forecast the onset of septic shock [1] , ML-based pattern recognition methods classified skin lesions with dermatologist level accuracy [2] , diagnostic AI systems successfully identified diabetic retinopathy during routine primary care visits [3] , AI-based breast cancer screening outperformed radiologists by a fairly large margin [4] , ML-driven triaging tools improved outcome differentiation beyond the emergency severity index [5] , AI-enabled assistance systems simplified interventional workflows [6] , and algorithm-driven organizational studies enabled redesign of infusion centers [7] . In addition to capturing data, it is equally important to understand the clinical use case -effective development and deployment of any CDS, including that driven by AI, requires a deep understanding of both the problems of focus and the environment in which it is encountered. abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has brought about new clinical questions, new workflows, and accelerated distributed healthcare needs. While artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support seemed to have matured, the application of AI-based tools for COVID-19 has been limited to date. In this perspective piece, we identify opportunities and requirements for AI-based clinical decision support systems and highlight challenges that impact"AI readiness"for rapidly emergent healthcare challenges. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.03434v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-345628-a4c46m2w author: Unudurthi, Sathya D. title: Cardiac inflammation in COVID-19: Lessons from heart failure date: 2020-09-21 words: 7725.0 sentences: 413.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345628-a4c46m2w.txt summary: Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal an infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in the myocardium, confirming the role of the immune system in mediating cardiovascular damage in response to COVID-19 infection and also suggesting potential causal mechanisms for the development of new cardiac pathologies and/or exacerbation of underlying CVDs in infected patients. Myocyte damage and lymphocytic myocarditis have also been independently confirmed by recent autopsies carried out on multiple COVID-19 patients from Seattle and Germany (Bradley et al., 2020; Wichmann et al., 2020) Recently, SARS-CoV-2 viral particles have been identified in cardiac macrophages, suggesting that these cells can be directly infected by the virus, potentially transmitting the disease systemically to multiple tissues (Tavazzi et al., 2020) . abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common co-morbidity associated with COVID-19 and the fatality rate in COVID-19 patients with CVD is highest compared to other comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. Preliminary data suggest that COVID-19 may also cause or worsen cardiac injury in infected patients through multiple mechanisms such as ‘cytokine storm’, endotheliosis, thrombosis, lymphocytopenia etc. Autopsies of COVID-19 patients reveal an infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells in the myocardium, confirming the role of the immune system in mediating cardiovascular damage in response to COVID-19 infection and also suggesting potential causal mechanisms for the development of new cardiac pathologies and/or exacerbation of underlying CVDs in infected patients. In this review, we discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms that drive COVID-19-mediated cardiac damage, as well as the short term and expected long-term cardiovascular ramifications of COVID-19 infection in patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0024320520312352 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118482 id: cord-348051-o1hxoasp author: Upadhyaya, Gaurav K. title: Challenges and strategies in management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-02 words: 3389.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348051-o1hxoasp.txt summary: AIMS: We assess the challenges and strategies used in the management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures management has been hampered by lock down and infection transmission strategies used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in elderly individuals pose a real challenge for an appropriate diagnosis and management, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hip and spine fractures in the elderly are associated with increased mortality, reduction in quality of life, and functional limitations along with substantial economic burden to the health sector which further compromises the COVID -19 related treatment [5] .Therapeutic interventions that mitigate fragility fracture in era of COVID-19 are, therefore, essential for reducing the consequences in the future. As recommended by the BGS guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach still remains the key in management of these fragility hip fracture patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [18] . abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has resulted in restriction of face to face consultations and mechanisms to access health care. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures forms a significant proportion of adult trauma and orthopaedic workload even during the pandemic. AIMS: We assess the challenges and strategies used in the management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture care during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May 2020 on developments and guidance during the current COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures management has been hampered by lock down and infection transmission strategies used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to diagnostic tests, treatment facilities with the need to use clinical and prediction tools to guide management Telemedicine has an evolving role. CONCLUSION: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in elderly individuals pose a real challenge for an appropriate diagnosis and management, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A clinical decision along with use of clinical prediction tools for osteoporosis should be used to direct treatment. Obligatory fractures such as hip fractures require operative intervention. Non-obligatory fractures such as distal radius fractures can be managed conservatively with use of telemedicine applications in monitoring both types of patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0972978X20302014 doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.06.001 id: cord-351101-l8b2cv4z author: Uppuluri, Ellen M title: Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis date: 2020-08-11 words: 2167.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351101-l8b2cv4z.txt summary: SUMMARY: Here we report development of a pulmonary embolism (PE) in a young patient without other VTE risk factors who was treated for COVID-19 in an emergency department (ED) and discharged home without VTE prophylaxis, which was consistent with current recommendations. 2, [5] [6] [7] In this article we report a case of pulmonary embolism (PE) in an ambulatory patient that developed 2 weeks after discharge from an emergency department (ED) following diagnosis of COVID-19 and treatment without DVT prophylaxis. Results were normal except for a slightly low serum sodium concentration (133 mEq/L), chloride Development of pulmonary embolism in a nonhospitalized patient with COVID-19 who did not receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis concentration (96 mmol/L), and absolute lymphocyte count (12,000/µL). [15] [16] [17] The results from these studies do not support the routine use of extended postdischarge thromboprophylaxis, and current guidelines do not recommend extended-duration outpatient VTE prophylaxis in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients, critically ill medical patients, or medical outpatients with minor risk factors for VTE, such as infection. abstract: PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with thrombotic complications such as stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE), and VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is recommended. However, extended postdischarge VTE prophylaxis and VTE prophylaxis for nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 are not routinely recommended due to uncertain benefit in these populations. SUMMARY: Here we report development of a pulmonary embolism (PE) in a young patient without other VTE risk factors who was treated for COVID-19 in an emergency department (ED) and discharged home without VTE prophylaxis, which was consistent with current recommendations. The patient presented to the ED 12 days later with complaints of chest pain for 1 day and was found to have a PE within the segmental and subsegmental branches of the left lower lobe. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 may be at higher risk for VTE than patients with other medical illnesses and warrants further research into the risk of VTE in outpatients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32780839/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa286 id: cord-255899-ehcod7c4 author: Urano, Akira title: Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report date: 2020-08-14 words: 1512.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255899-ehcod7c4.txt summary: title: Short-Term Corticosteroid Therapy for Early Exacerbation of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report A Chinese study reported that the mortality rate of COVID-19 is 2.3% in China, which is not as high as that of SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); however, the elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities are at a higher risk of the disease and its related mortality [3] . Here, we present the case of a patient with COVID-19 whose condition improved with short-term systemic corticosteroid treatment early after exacerbation of pneumonia. This study reports the case of a COVID-19 patient with improved overall conditions after short-term systemic corticosteroid treatment early after the exacerbation of pneumonia. In the present case, SpO 2 and radiographic findings improved the day after systemic corticosteroid treatment was initiated, with no exacerbation of respiratory status or pneumonia, after discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment. The Author''s Response: Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea: The application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR abstract: Patient: Male, 67-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID-19 Symptoms: Hypoxia Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Short-term corticosteroid therapy Specialty: Infectious Diseases OBJECTIVE: Management of emergency care BACKGROUND: The effect of corticosteroids in the management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old man who tested positive for COVID-19 by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis was admitted to our hospital. On admission, he had no dyspnea and his oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) level was normal. Chest imaging revealed ground-glass opacities (GGO) distributed in both lung fields. Four days after admission, bilateral lung shadows worsened, with a slight reduction in SpO(2) levels. Short-term corticosteroid therapy was initiated, and SpO(2) and radiographic findings promptly improved without use of antiviral agents. CONCLUSIONS: More data are required to ascertain the role of corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32796809/ doi: 10.12659/ajcr.924476 id: cord-300338-duhyb754 author: Urashima, Mitsuyoshi title: BCG Vaccination and Mortality of COVID-19 across 173 Countries: An Ecological Study date: 2020-08-03 words: 5672.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300338-duhyb754.txt summary: We therefore aimed to explore whether recent BCG vaccine coverage is associated with COVID-19 morbidity and/or mortality rates, using linear regression models to explore associations between the two continuous random variables adjusted for a variety of potential confounders, such as median age and body mass index (BMI) in individual countries through this ecological study. As a result, ''≥60 years of age'' (p < 0.001) and ''BCG vaccine coverage'' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests. As a result, ''≥60 years of age'' (p < 0.001) and ''BCG vaccine coverage'' (p = 0.002) remained significant factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, even after adjustment for morbidity and PCR-tests. abstract: Ecological studies have suggested fewer COVID-19 morbidities and mortalities in Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated countries than BCG-non-vaccinated countries. However, these studies obtained data during the early phase of the pandemic and did not adjust for potential confounders, including PCR-test numbers per population (PCR-tests). Currently—more than four months after declaration of the pandemic—the BCG-hypothesis needs reexamining. An ecological study was conducted by obtaining data of 61 factors in 173 countries, including BCG vaccine coverage (%), using morbidity and mortality as outcomes, obtained from open resources. ‘Urban population (%)’ and ‘insufficient physical activity (%)’ in each country was positively associated with morbidity, but not mortality, after adjustment for PCR-tests. On the other hand, recent BCG vaccine coverage (%) was negatively associated with mortality, but not morbidity, even with adjustment for percentage of the population ≥ 60 years of age, morbidity, PCR-tests and other factors. The results of this study generated a hypothesis that a national BCG vaccination program seems to be associated with reduced mortality of COVID-19, although this needs to be further examined and proved by randomized clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155589 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155589 id: cord-340323-xz6v95yy author: Urbach, Horst title: Notfällige Neurointerventionen, Covid-19 und Thorax-CT: SOP und Literaturübersicht date: 2020-05-07 words: 1427.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340323-xz6v95yy.txt summary: Bei Schlaganfall-und anderen Notfallpatienten kann das Ergebnis einer RT-PCR zum Nachweis von SARS-CoV-2, dem Erreger der COVID-19, aus einem Abstrich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle nicht abgewartet werden. Ein solcher Patient wird also wie ein COVID-19-Verdacht betrachtet, auch wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass er mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert ist, eher gering erscheint. Das wünschenswerte Szenario ist nun, dass der Patient die Bereiche Computertomographie (CT), Angiographie und Intensivstation wie ein COVID-19-Patient durchläuft sowie Isolierung und Verdacht nach negativem RT-PCR-Ergebnis aufgehoben werden [1] [2] [3] . V. eine Umfrage darüber gestartet, welche diagnostischen und Schutzmaßnahmen in den einzelnen Kliniken bei Patienten mit möglicher SARS-CoV-2-Infektion getroffen werden. Das unterschiedliche Vorgehen neuroradiologischer Abteilungen in Deutschland spiegelt die Unsicherheit im Umgang mit Schlaganfallpatienten und möglicher "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) wider. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyze standard operating procedures (SOP) of acute stroke imaging and interventions during COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on chest CT within a multimodal stroke protocol. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Professional Organization of German Neuroradiologists (Berufsverband Deutscher Neuroradiologen e.V.). RESULTS: Answers were received from 25 units: eleven of them acquire chest CT, three in any patient and eight, when COVID-19 is suspected due to body temperature increase, patient’s history or when the latter cannot be sufficiently obtained. Preliminary data indicate a high sensitivity and moderate negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Different SOP reflect an uncertainty whether chest CT should be acquired as part of a multimodal stroke protocol. Accuracy of low dose chest CT cannot be determined yet. The strengths and limitations of chest CT are discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32382877/ doi: 10.1007/s00062-020-00911-4 id: cord-316543-1tb2tkis author: Urooj, Uzma title: Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-17 words: 2610.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions, expectations and fears of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic and identify the areas which need to be addressed. 16 Our health care workers expected seniors and peers to be more empathetic, cooperative, not to panic, show team work, role modelling and support. Another cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Impact on Mental Health and Perceptions of Psychological Care among Medical and Nursing Staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A cross-sectional study abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. METHODS: This is a mixed method exploratory survey. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. It included eight closed ended questions and four open ended questions. Data was collected through online Google survey Forms during month of March and April 2020. Doctors were approached through email and WhatsApp group. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 33.58±4.21 years. Female 150(67.5%) and Male 72(32.4%) participated. 29(13.1%) Associate Professor, 34(15.3%) Assistant Professor, 56(25.2%) Senior Residents and 103(46.3%) residents, medical officers and house officers responded to the survey. 134(60.3%) doctors were working in hospitals which were not dealing with Covid-19. Fear included, infecting family members 177(79.7%), rapid spread of disease 140(63%), complications of disease 134(60.3%), becoming a carrier in 64(28.8%) and 62(27.9%) feared missing the diagnosis. More than 80% expected from seniors and administration, of providing PPE, facilitation, continue chain of supply of essential items, ensuring doctor safety, avoiding exposure of all doctors and keeping reserve workforce, limiting routine checkups, avoid panic and 20% had no expectations. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that doctors had their fears and perceptions regarding pandemic which need to be addressed while policy making. They fear wellbeing of their families and contacting Covid-19, if not provided proper PPE. Our study provides insight of expectations, fears and perceptions of our frontline which invariably gives insight of the views of healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2643 doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2643 id: cord-351492-8jv7ip67 author: Urwin, S. G. title: FebriDx point-of-care test in patients with suspected COVID-19: a pooled diagnostic accuracy study date: 2020-10-20 words: 7241.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351492-8jv7ip67.txt summary: Methods: A literature search was performed on the 1st of October 2020 to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy statistics of the FebriDx POC test versus real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Based on a large sample of patients from two studies during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the FebriDx POC test had reasonable diagnostic accuracy in a hospital setting with high COVID-19 prevalence, out of influenza season. In this systematic review and pooled analysis of IPD, we found that the FebriDx LFD had a pooled sensitivity of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.875-0.950) and specificity of 0.862 (0.819-0.896) for COVID-19 across two studies performed within acute hospitals in the UK when compared to RT-PCR on nose and throat swabs during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. abstract: Background: Point-of-care (POC) tests for COVID-19 could relieve pressure on isolation resource, support infection prevention and control, and help commence more timely and appropriate treatment. We aimed to undertake a systematic review and pooled diagnostic test accuracy study of available individual patient data (IPD) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a commercial POC test (FebriDx) in patients with suspected COVID-19. Methods: A literature search was performed on the 1st of October 2020 to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy statistics of the FebriDx POC test versus real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. Studies were screened for risk of bias. IPD were sought from studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the study effect on the outcome of the RT-PCR test result in order to determine whether it was appropriate to pool results. Diagnostic accuracy statistics were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 15 studies were screened, and we included two published studies with 527 hospitalised patients. 523 patients had valid FebriDx results for Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), an antiviral host response protein. The FebriDx test produced a pooled sensitivity of 0.920 (95% CI: 0.875-0.950) and specificity of 0.862 (0.819-0.896) compared with RT-PCR, where there was an estimated true COVID-19 prevalence of 0.405 (0.364-0.448) and overall FebriDx test yield was 99.2%. Patients were tested at a median of 4 days [interquartile range: 2:9] after symptom onset. No differences were found in a sub-group analysis of time tested since the onset of symptoms. Conclusions: Based on a large sample of patients from two studies during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the FebriDx POC test had reasonable diagnostic accuracy in a hospital setting with high COVID-19 prevalence, out of influenza season. More research is required to determine how FebriDx would perform in other healthcare settings with higher or lower COVID-19 prevalence, different patient populations, or when other respiratory infections are in circulation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.15.20213108v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20213108 id: cord-344326-025ioy3r author: Usman, AA title: A Case Series of Devastating Intracranial Hemorrhage during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 date: 2020-07-28 words: 2991.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344326-025ioy3r.txt summary: This report was created to describe the authors'' single institutional experience, with emphasis on the high rate of intracranial hemorrhage for the first 10 patients with COVID-19 placed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). Despite maximal medical therapy, COVID-19 can progress to severe, refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) prompting clinicians to consider utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in appropriate cases, although early reports appeared to have high rates of mortality. This case series describes our single institutional neurological outcomes for the first ten patients placed on VV ECMO for COVID-19, of whom three had severe intraparenchymal hemorrhagic strokes resulting in death, one patient had a small subarachnoid hemorrhage and one patient had severe gastrointestinal bleeding. This unprecedented intracranial hemorrhage rate in COVID related ARDS requiring VV ECMO has prompted an evaluation of our anticoagulation practice by experts in hematology and neurology. abstract: OBJECTIVE Anticoagulation may be a challenge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to endothelial injury and dysregulation of coagulation, which may increase the risk of thrombotic and bleeding complications. This report was created to describe the authors' single institutional experience, with emphasis on the high rate of intracranial hemorrhage for the first 10 patients with COVID-19 placed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). DESIGN Case series, retrospective analysis. SETTING Single institution. PARTICIPANTS Ten patients. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patient characteristics, mortality, stroke rate, and length of stay data were collected in all patients. In addition, laboratory values of D-dimer and C-reactive protein and standard measurements of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time were collected on all patients. Ten patients, each confirmed with COVID-19 via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, were supported on VV ECMO for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for a mean duration of 9.4 ± 7 days. Four of 10 patients had hemorrhagic strokes, 3 of which resulted in death. At 30 days after initiation of VV ECMO, a total of 7 survivors included 6 patients discharged from the hospital and 1 patient who remained in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS In this small study of 10 patients, intracranial hemorrhage was a common complication, resulting in a high rate of death. The authors urge caution in the anticoagulation management of VV ECMO for patients with severe ARDS and COVID-19 patients. Close monitoring of all hematologic parameters is recommended during ECMO support while awaiting larger, multicenter studies to examine the best practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32828653/ doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.063 id: cord-253367-n6c07x9q author: Ussai, Silvia title: Hazard Prevention, Death and Dignity During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy date: 2020-09-18 words: 1849.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253367-n6c07x9q.txt summary: This, in contrast with Ebola or Marburg diseases, where dead bodies are known to be associated with contagion; (2) the option for decedents with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 to be buried or cremated; (3) respect of customs, with family''s chance to view the body after it has been prepared for burials, using standard precautions at all times including hand hygiene; (4) body wrapping in cloth and deceased transfer as soon as possible to the mortuary area. 648 (2) , establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. 648 (2) , establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. During the emergency phase, Italy banned burial procedures based (i) on the recent acknowledgment about the virus environmental stability (4) as well as (ii) its national civil contingency plan. abstract: On 9 March 2020, Italy passed the Prime Minister's Decree n. 648, establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. Italy banned burial procedures based (i) on the recent acknowledgment about the virus environmental stability as well as (ii) its national civil contingency plan. Hence, only the cremation process is admitted for COVID-19 deaths. Viewing of the body is permitted only for mourners, which are allowed to perform the prayer at the closing of the coffin and the prayer at the tomb (cf. Rite of Succession, first part n. 3 and n. 5). The dead cannot be buried in their personal clothes; however, priests have been authorized to put the family clothes on top of the corpse, as if they were dressed. Burying personal items is also illegal. The dignity of the dead, their cultural and religious traditions, and their families should be always respected and protected. Among all the threats, COVID-19 epidemic in Italy revealed the fragility of human beings under enforced isolation and, for the first time, the painful deprivation of families to accompany their loved ones to the last farewell. Ethics poses new challenges in times of epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00509 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00509 id: cord-253104-yggcf7q2 author: Usul, Eren title: The role of hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients in the emergency room date: 2020-07-21 words: 3576.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253104-yggcf7q2.txt summary: Aim: In this study, the roles of biomarkers from a peripheral blood sample in the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients who have visited the emergency room have been evaluated. Materials & methods: Peripheral blood parameters, systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio were compared in patients with and without confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results: Comparisons made according to real-time PCR test results revealed that while no statistically significant difference was observed between test groups (negative-positive) regarding lymphocyte and platelet lymphocyte ratio values (p > 0.05), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the test groups regarding platelet, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, NLR and SII values. Since there was a statistically significant difference between negative and positive groups according to parameters (platelet, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, NLR and SII), they were then studied with ROC analyses. abstract: Aim: In this study, the roles of biomarkers from a peripheral blood sample in the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients who have visited the emergency room have been evaluated. Materials & methods: Peripheral blood parameters, systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio were compared in patients with and without confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results: Comparisons made according to real-time PCR test results revealed that while no statistically significant difference was observed between test groups (negative-positive) regarding lymphocyte and platelet lymphocyte ratio values (p > 0.05), a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the test groups regarding platelet, hemoglobin, leukocyte, neutrophil, NLR and SII values. Conclusion: Leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet count, NLR and SII values can be used in the diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692248/ doi: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0317 id: cord-336746-a0thtd1m author: Uwins, C. title: COVID‐19 pandemic impact on gynaecological cancers: a perspective date: 2020-06-03 words: 565.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336746-a0thtd1m.txt summary: The recent global collaborative initiative ''COVIDSurg-Cancer'' aims to review the care of patients planned for curative cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on delaying or changing their treatment plans 3 . Lockdown restrictions 1 have reduced access to healthcare services, with increasing difficulty accessing general practitioners and diagnostics services, and delays in patients receiving timely care. Concerns have been raised regarding minimally invasive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the potential for transmission via surgical smoke 5 . Patients with raised BMI (a known risk factor for endometrial cancer) and the elderly often have most to gain from a minimally invasive surgical approach and are some of those identified as being most at risk from COVID-19. Switching these patients to open surgery will likely worsen surgical outcomes and increase potential exposure to COVID-19 in the postoperative period. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11728 doi: 10.1002/bjs.11728 id: cord-311673-z4hkw17g author: Uzzan, Mathieu title: Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics - lung axis hypothesis date: 2020-06-23 words: 2969.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311673-z4hkw17g.txt summary: As the visceral fat possesses an intense immune activity, is involved in metabolic syndrome and is at the crossroad between the intestines, the systemic circulation and the lung, we hypothesized that it plays a major role in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several factors may increase intestinal permeability including, direct enterocyte damage by SARS-CoV2, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and epithelial ischemia secondary to SARS-CoV2associated endothelial dysfunction. This increase permeability further leads to translocation of microbial components such as MAMPS (microbial-associated molecular pattern), triggering an inflammatory immune response by TLR-expressing cells of the mesentery fat (mostly macrophages and adipocytes). As the increased volume of mesentery fat in overweight men play a key role in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome [8] , we hypothesized that the visceral adipose tissue plays a central role in severe forms of COVID-19. abstract: Consistent observations report increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in overweight men with cardiovascular factors. As the visceral fat possesses an intense immune activity, is involved in metabolic syndrome and is at the crossroad between the intestines, the systemic circulation and the lung, we hypothesized that it plays a major role in severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV2 presents the ability to infect epithelial cells of the respiratory tract as well as the intestinal tract. Several factors may increase intestinal permeability including, direct enterocyte damage by SARS-CoV2, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and epithelial ischemia secondary to SARS-CoV2- associated endothelial dysfunction. This increase permeability further leads to translocation of microbial components such as MAMPS (microbial-associated molecular pattern), triggering an inflammatory immune response by TLR-expressing cells of the mesentery fat (mostly macrophages and adipocytes). The pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the mesentery fat mediates systemic inflammation and aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through the mesenteric lymph drainage. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720316662?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110023 id: cord-253077-61fmul8c author: Vabret, Nicolas title: Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science date: 2020-05-06 words: 20227.0 sentences: 1120.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt summary: Lastly, Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies and patient data on SARS-CoV-1 have also shown that virus spike-specific IgG responses can exacerbate acute lung injury due to repolarization of alveolar macrophages into pro-inflammatory phenotypes and enhanced recruitment of inflammatory monocyte via CCL2 and IL-8 (Clay et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2019) . Collectively, these data suggest that cross-talk with monocytes might impair NK cell recognition and killing of SARS-CoV-2infected cells, and antibodies targeting IL-6 and TNF-signaling may benefit enhanced NK cell functions in COVID-19 patients ( Figure 2 ). However, these CD4 T cells lacked phenotypic markers of activation and were specific for C-terminal S protein epitopes that are highly similar to endemic human coronaviruses, suggesting that crossreactive CD4 memory T cells in some populations (e.g., children and younger patients that experience a higher incidence of hCoV infections) may be recruited into an amplified primary SARS-CoV-2-specific response (Braun et al., 2020) . abstract: Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32505227/ doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002 id: cord-343087-vnvlnxnq author: Vacanti, Gaetano title: Reduced rate of admissions for acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational analysis from a tertiary hospital in Germany date: 2020-10-07 words: 2868.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343087-vnvlnxnq.txt summary: The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the emergency cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. The design of the present study is an observational, retrospective analysis of urgent visits and admissions to the authors'' emergency cardiology department with ACS during the COVID-19 crisis as compared to equivalent periods in the previous years. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. abstract: BACKGROUND: Several observational studies have suggested a worrying reduction in hospitalisations for acute coronary syndromes in the emergency cardiology department in the last few months all over the world. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the current COVID-19 health crisis on admission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the cardiology department of a tertiary general hospital in Germany with a COVID-19 ward. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors retrieved clinical data evaluating consecutive patients with ACS admitted to their emergency cardiology department. Data from January to June 2020, as well as for a 5-week period corresponding to this yearʼs COVID-19 outbreak in south-west Germany (23rd March–26th April), were analysed and compared to data from equivalent weeks in the previous 2 years. A trend of reduction in admissions for ACS was observed from the beginning of the outbreak in the region at the end of March 2020. This trend continued and even intensified after a fall in COVID-19 cases in the area; the number of ACS patients in April 2020 was 25% and in June 29% lower than in January 2020 (p-value for linear trend <0.001). An even more consistent reduction was observed as compared with the equivalent weeks in the previous 2 years (38% and 30% lower than in 2019 and 2018, respectively; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 health and social crisis has caused a worrying trend of reduced cardiological admissions for ACS, without evidence of a decrease in its incidence. Understanding and counteracting the causes appears to be crucial to avoiding major long-term consequences for healthcare systems worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33026483/ doi: 10.1007/s00059-020-04991-3 id: cord-332774-t5untewz author: Vaccaro, Alexander R. title: Practice Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-13 words: 4901.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332774-t5untewz.txt summary: We think these recommendations will allow providers and their staff to return to an infrastructure that can adjust immediately to the pent-up healthcare demand that may occur after the COVID-19 pandemic. This reduction positioned our employees to take advantage of par-tial unemployment benefits of the recently passed Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. 1 The reduced teams facilitated work site reallocation and allowed several of the clinical offices to temporarily close. 6 Importantly, the use of telemedicine should be continued after this crisis by groups both at the physician and midprovider level to help evaluate patients and efficiently manage office encounters. The use of this technology will allow groups to protect their most valuable asset, the providers, while at the same time administering care for patients and developing the practice. abstract: On March 14, 2020, the Surgeon General of the United States urged a widespread cessation of all elective surgery across the country. The suddenness of this mandate and the concomitant spread of the COVID-19 virus left many hospital systems, orthopaedic practices, and patients with notable anxiety and confusion as to the near, intermediate, and long-term future of our healthcare system. As with most businesses in the United States during this time, many orthopaedic practices have been emotionally and fiscally devastated because of this crisis. Furthermore, this pandemic is occurring at a time where small and midsized orthopaedic groups are already struggling to cover practice overhead and to maintain autonomy from larger health systems. It is anticipated that many groups will experience financial demise, leading to substantial global consolidation. Because the authors represent some of the larger musculoskeletal multispecialty groups in the country, we are uniquely positioned to provide a framework with recommendations to best weather the ensuing months. We think these recommendations will allow providers and their staff to return to an infrastructure that can adjust immediately to the pent-up healthcare demand that may occur after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this editorial, we address practice finances, staffing, telehealth, operational plans after the crisis, and ethical considerations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287086/ doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00379 id: cord-327370-zo0n8wf6 author: Vadukul, Prakash title: Massive pulmonary embolism following recovery from COVID-19 infection: inflammation, thrombosis and the role of extended thromboprophylaxis date: 2020-09-13 words: 3116.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327370-zo0n8wf6.txt summary: We present the case of a patient with an initial presentation of COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring mechanical ventilation for nearly 2 weeks and total admission time of 3 weeks. 1 This case examines aspects of COVID-19 emphasising the increased thrombogenicity seen during infection and the potential need for extended anticoagulation following recovery particularly in those patients with severe illness and pre-existing risk factors. 18 Initial data suggest that patients with complicated COVID-19 infection have nearly three times the concentration of IL-6 compared with those exhibiting less severe disease. 24 The International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis suggests that prophylactic treatment with LMWH is prudent in all patients with COVID-19, particularly with severe disease or Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect extreme derangements in clotting parameters. 2 Compared with other populations, patients with COVID-19 appear to have higher incidences of VTE particularly with deranged clotting markers, critical care admission or reduced mobility. abstract: COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by a recently discovered SARS-CoV-2. Following an initial outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread globally culminating in the WHO declaring a pandemic on 11 March 2020. We present the case of a patient with an initial presentation of COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring mechanical ventilation for nearly 2 weeks and total admission time of 3 weeks. She was given prophylactic dose anticoagulation according to hospital protocol during this time. Following a week at home, she was readmitted with acute massive pulmonary embolism with severe respiratory and cardiac failure, representing the first such case in the literature. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238168 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238168 id: cord-304208-jwlc8fxj author: Vagni, Monia title: Coping With COVID-19: Emergency Stress, Secondary Trauma and Self-Efficacy in Healthcare and Emergency Workers in Italy date: 2020-09-03 words: 8630.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304208-jwlc8fxj.txt summary: Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. As regards the stress that they experience, the literature clearly explains that healthcare and emergency workers who intervene in emergency situations are exposed to the risk of developing dysfunctional reactions that can be identified at different levelsphysical and/or physiological (e.g., psychosomatic disorders, sleep/wake cycle alterations, and sense of tiredness); emotional (e.g., irritability, nervousness, agitation, anger, low self-esteem, and guilt); cognitive (e.g., distractibility, sense of ineffectiveness, and negative anticipation of events); and relational (e.g., increase in conflicts within emergency teams and/or with their organization/institution, and social withdrawal)-and may also develop reactions from secondary trauma (Del Missier et al., 2008; Sbattella, 2009; Argentero and Setti, 2011; Fraccaroli and Balducci, 2011; Bellelli and Di Schiena, 2012; Walton et al., 2020) . abstract: Coping with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a significant risk factor for the psychological distress of health workers. Hence, this study explores the relationship between coping strategies used by healthcare and emergency workers in Italy to manage the stress factors related to the COVID-19 emergency, which may result in the risk of developing secondary trauma. We study differences between healthcare (n = 121) and emergency workers (n = 89) in terms of their coping strategies, emergency stress, and secondary trauma, as well as the relationships of these differences to demographic variables and other stress factors (Instructions and Equipment). For this purpose, we collected data from participants through the following questionnaires online: Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale – Italian Version, The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form, an original questionnaire on stressors, and the Emergency Stress Questionnaire (to assess organizational–relational, physical, decisional inefficacy, emotional, cognitive, and COVID-19 stress). We performed a t-test, correlational analysis, and hierarchical regression. The analyses reveal that compared with the emergency worker group, the health worker group has greater levels of emergency stress and arousal and is more willing to use problem-focused coping. Healthcare workers involved in the treatment of COVID-19 are exposed to a large degree of stress and could experience secondary trauma; hence, it is essential to plan prevention strategies for future pandemic situations. Moreover, individual efficacy in stopping negative emotions and thoughts could be a protective strategy against stress and secondary trauma. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566912 id: cord-288552-7lp07v5i author: Vahedi, Ensieh title: The clinical value of two combination regimens in the Management of Patients Suffering from Covid-19 pneumonia: a single centered, retrospective, observational study date: 2020-06-19 words: 4914.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288552-7lp07v5i.txt summary: CONCLUSION: This study revealed the beneficial effect of the short-term use of low-dose prednisolone in combination with azithromycin, naproxen and lopinavir/ritonavir (regimen I), in decreasing ALOS compared to regimen II. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate short-term effects of regimen I (azithromycin, prednisolone, naproxen, and lopinavir/ritonavir) in group I patients in comparison to regimen II (meropenem, levofloxacin, vancomycin, hydroxychloroquine, and oseltamivir) in group II patients in the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The patients'' medical information including demographic data, COVID-19 test using a real-time RT-PCR via throatswab specimens, clinical features, routine laboratory tests, chest CT scans (before and after discharge) according to the WHO interim guidance [23] , treatment measures, comorbidities and data on the outcomes were extracted independently by two physicians through a standard case record form provided by the hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no identified pharmacological therapy for COVID-19 patients, where potential therapeutic strategies are underway to determine effective therapy under such unprecedented pandemic. Therefore, combination therapies may have the potential of alleviating the patient’s outcome. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of two different combination regimens in improving outcomes of patients infected by novel coronavirus (COVID-19). METHODS: This is a single centered, retrospective, observational study of 60 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive inpatients (≥18 years old) at two wards of the Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patient’s data including clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. According to the drug regimen, the patients were divided into two groups; group I who received regimen I consisting azithromycin, prednisolone, naproxen, and lopinavir/ritonavir and group II who received regimen II including meropenem, levofloxacin, vancomycin, hydroxychloroquine, and oseltamivir. RESULTS: The oxygen saturation (SpO2) and temperature were positively changed in patients receiving regimen I compared to regimen II (P = 0.013 and P = 0.012, respectively). The serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) changed positively in group I (P < 0.001). Although there was a significant difference in platelets between both groups (75.44 vs 51.62, P < 0.001), their change did not clinically differ between two groups. The findings indicated a significant difference of the average length of stay in hospitals (ALOS) between two groups, where the patients under regimen I showed a shorter ALOS (6.97 vs 9.93, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study revealed the beneficial effect of the short-term use of low-dose prednisolone in combination with azithromycin, naproxen and lopinavir/ritonavir (regimen I), in decreasing ALOS compared to regimen II. Since there is still lack of evidence for safety of this regimen, further investigation in our ongoing follow-up to deal with COVID-19 pneumonia is underway. [Figure: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00353-w doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00353-w id: cord-297673-rh8o4eu9 author: Vahedian-Azimi, Amir title: Comparison of the severity of psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-08 words: 4142.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297673-rh8o4eu9.txt summary: METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of an Iranian society including community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students were investigated by the self-report questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional survey for the first time to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of the psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression) among community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students in an Iranian population. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from February to March 2020 in Tehran, Iran; the aim was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression) among community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students in an Iranian population. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused serious psychological problems, including panic attack, anxiety, stress, and depression. The main objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and compare the severity of this psychological distress among four groups of an Iranian population. METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey, the mental health status of four groups of an Iranian society including community population, patients with COVID-19, medical staff, and medical students were investigated by the self-report questionnaire of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). DASS-21 questionnaire and the demographic data sheet were filled out by the participants. All statistical analyses were done using R version 3.6.1 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. ANOVA test was used to compare the severity of stress, anxiety, and depression between the four study groups. RESULTS: Of the 886 participants in this survey, 554 (62.5%) were men and 332 (37.5%) were women, and the mean ± standard division of age was 40.91 ± 10.7 years. Among these participants, 241 (27.2%) were selected from community population, 221 (24.9%) were patients with COVID-19, 217 (24.5%) were medical staff, and 207 (23.4%) were medical students. The mean score of stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than in medical staff and community population (P < 0.05). Overall, the anxiety score in men was higher than that in women (27.4 ± 4.6 vs. 26.48 ± 4.8, P = 0.006), and unmarried participants had a significantly higher depression score compared with the married group (27.5 ± 4.8 vs. 26.7 ± 4.6, P = 0.023). In addition, the score of depression was higher in female medical staff (27.08 ± 4.6 vs. 25.33 ± 4.3, P = 0.011) and community population (26.6 ± 4.3 vs. 25.3 ± 4.3, P = 0.02) than in male. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients and medical students in contact with these patients were at a high risk for mental illness due to lower experience compared with professional medical staff and community population. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of psychological distress for outbreaks should become a routine part of preparedness efforts worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9 doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9 id: cord-305179-c6d2vym9 author: Vaid, Shashank title: Deep learning COVID-19 detection bias: accuracy through artificial intelligence date: 2020-05-27 words: 2278.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305179-c6d2vym9.txt summary: METHODS: We developed a deep learning model to improve accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. CONCLUSIONS: Our COVID-19 detection model minimizes manual interaction dependent on radiologists as it automates identification of structural abnormalities in patient''s CXRs, and our deep learning model is likely to detect true positives and true negatives and weed out false positive and false negatives with > 96.3% accuracy. Therefore, we predict the accuracy of COVID-19 cases based on a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that uses a deep learning model to automatically and appropriately classify X-ray chest scans of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 images. We developed a deep learning model to improve the accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. The authors deploy a transfer learning approach to design a CNN-based model to perform COVID-19 detections from the chest anterior-posterior radiographs of patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of COVID-19 cases’ accuracy is posing a conundrum for scientists, physicians, and policy-makers. As of April 23, 2020, 2.7 million cases have been confirmed, over 190,000 people are dead, and about 750,000 people are reported recovered. Yet, there is no publicly available data on tests that could be missing infections. Complicating matters and furthering anxiety are specific instances of false-negative tests. METHODS: We developed a deep learning model to improve accuracy of reported cases and to precisely predict the disease from chest X-ray scans. Our model relied on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect structural abnormalities and disease categorization that were keys to uncovering hidden patterns. To do so, a transfer learning approach was deployed to perform detections from the chest anterior-posterior radiographs of patients. We used publicly available datasets to achieve this. RESULTS: Our results offer very high accuracy (96.3%) and loss (0.151 binary cross-entropy) using the public dataset consisting of patients from different countries worldwide. As the confusion matrix indicates, our model is able to accurately identify true negatives (74) and true positives (32); this deep learning model identified three cases of false-positive and one false-negative finding from the healthy patient scans. CONCLUSIONS: Our COVID-19 detection model minimizes manual interaction dependent on radiologists as it automates identification of structural abnormalities in patient’s CXRs, and our deep learning model is likely to detect true positives and true negatives and weed out false positive and false negatives with > 96.3% accuracy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462314/ doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04609-7 id: cord-290297-efo9f7c5 author: Vaillancourt, Mylene title: The Unrecognized Threat of Secondary Bacterial Infections with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 1354.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290297-efo9f7c5.txt summary: In recent studies on COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with worse outcomes and death despite antimicrobial therapies. In the past, the intensive use of antibiotics during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pandemic led to increases in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. T he outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the greatest pandemic of our generation, with 16 million people infected and 650,000 deaths worldwide so far (1) . In a multicenter study that included 476 COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with outcome severity (2) . During the first SARS-CoV outbreak in 2003, up to 30% of patients were diagnosed with secondary bacterial infections and coinfection was positively associated with disease severity (5, 6) . Increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition rate and change in pathogen pattern associated with an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest pandemic of our generation, with 16 million people affected and 650,000 deaths worldwide so far. One of the risk factors associated with COVID-19 is secondary bacterial pneumonia. In recent studies on COVID-19 patients, secondary bacterial infections were significantly associated with worse outcomes and death despite antimicrobial therapies. In the past, the intensive use of antibiotics during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pandemic led to increases in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and our decreasing capacity to eradicate them not only render us more vulnerable to bacterial infections but also weaken us during viral pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us of the great health challenges we are facing, especially regarding antibiotic-resistant bacteria. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769090/ doi: 10.1128/mbio.01806-20 id: cord-343619-vk3p72ze author: Vaish, Abhishek title: COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons date: 2020-07-02 words: 555.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343619-vk3p72ze.txt summary: title: COVID‑19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons We congratulate authors for bringing out the most comprehensive review article on COVID-19 and orthopaedic surgeons [1] . 1. The authors have provided the ''Dos'' and ''Don''ts'' for the orthopaedic surgeons and have rightly emphasized that minimum required members of the surgical team should be present inside the operation theatre. We agree with the authors that the effective use of remote technologies [4] like telemedicine, virtual means of education and knowledge sharing, and utilization of this ''golden time'' for research and publication are some of the positives of this pandemic for healthcare providers like ourselves. Research and publications during this pandemic have seen an unprecedented surge [5] , globally. COVID-19: Current knowledge and best practices for orthopaedic surgeons COVID-19 and Orthopaedic surgeon: The Indian scenario Revisiting conservative orthopaedic management of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19 and remote consulting strategies in the management of trauma and orthopaedics abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-020-00183-7 doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00183-7 id: cord-010547-zhw8vh3e author: Vaishya, Raju title: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-14 words: 1367.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010547-zhw8vh3e.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. In this worldwide health crisis, the medical industry is looking for new technologies to monitor and controls the spread of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. AI is one of such technology which can easily track the spread of this virus, identifies the high-risk patients, and is useful in controlling this infection in real-time. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics. METHODS: The rapid review of the literature is done on the database of Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar using the keyword of COVID-19 or Coronavirus and Artificial Intelligence or AI. Collected the latest information regarding AI for COVID-19, then analyzed the same to identify its possible application for this disease. RESULTS: We have identified seven significant applications of AI for COVID-19 pandemic. This technology plays an important role to detect the cluster of cases and to predict where this virus will affect in future by collecting and analyzing all previous data. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare organizations are in an urgent need for decision-making technologies to handle this virus and help them in getting proper suggestions in real-time to avoid its spread. AI works in a proficient way to mimic like human intelligence. It may also play a vital role in understanding and suggesting the development of a vaccine for COVID-19. This result-driven technology is used for proper screening, analyzing, prediction and tracking of current patients and likely future patients. The significant applications are applied to tracks data of confirmed, recovered and death cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7195043/ doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.012 id: cord-344445-slv7r9u7 author: Vakharia, Kunal title: The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications date: 2020-06-03 words: 2415.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344445-slv7r9u7.txt summary: The discussion that has continued since the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome virus and avian influenza epidemics has focused on the potential for immunity among the general population and the moral obligation to treat that is often faced by healthcare professionals and institutions. With the growing literature and data suggesting the possibility of mutations, unequal impacts on different people and the potential repercussions of the spike protein for those with IgG immunity already, can society in good faith adopt a moral prerogative to put antibody-positive people in the front line? Healthcare workers form a group of individuals who recognise the potential of COVID-19, the impact it has had, and are still willing to go to work and continue to face the challenge. With limited knowledge about the significance of COVID-19 antibody testing at this time, it is hard to use this to stratify work in a healthcare setting or to use it for any purpose beyond epidemiological studies on the spread of the disease. abstract: After the initial surge in cases of coronavirus (COVID-19), the outbreak has been managed differently in different countries. In the USA, it has been managed in many different ways between states, cities and even counties. This disparity is slowly becoming more and more pronounced with the advent of antibody testing. Although many argue over the potential merits of antibody testing as an immunity passport to allow the economy to restart, there are other implications that stand at the heart of the bioethical debate that are often overlooked. Particularly with COVID-19, there are many uncertainties and the discourse alone of antibodies presumes misinformation that may outweigh the epidemiological benefits of antibody testing. Although this paper does not seek to eliminate antibody testing, it does highlight the need for appropriate counselling both on a personal level with each patient but on a more global level. This moral standard of appropriate education is key to allowing the continued autonomy needed during this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493712/ doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106467 id: cord-301983-aks5z29t author: Vakili, K. title: Critical Complications of COVID-19: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study date: 2020-06-16 words: 3820.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301983-aks5z29t.txt summary: The main clinical complications of COVID-19 are related to respiratory system, from a simple pneumonia in mild cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and shock in severe patients. To be included in the final analysis, screened studies must report data on the prevalence of each clinical complication in COVID-19 patients, including ARDS, acute heart damage, arrhythmia, heart failure and AKI. For all studies, related data including the name of the first author, date of publication, location of publication, sample size, sample age, sample gender, prevalence of symptoms (including: fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and diarrhea), critical complications (including: ARDS, acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, heart failure, and AKI) and clinical outcomes (mortality rate) were extracted. Coronavirus disease 19 infection does not result in acute kidney injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients from Wuhan Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus infection that has spread worldwide in a short period and caused a pandemic. The goal of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of most common symptoms and complications of COVID-19. Methods: All related studies assessing the clinical complications of COVID-19 have been identified through web search databases (PubMed and Scopus). Relevant data were extracted from these studies and analyzed by stata (ver 14) random-effects model. The heterogeneity of studies were assessed by I2 index. The publication bias was examined by Funnel plots and Eggers test. Results: 30 studies were in our meta-analysis including 6 389 infected patients. The prevalence of most common symptoms were: fever 84.30% (95% CI: 77.13-90.37; I2=97.74%), cough 63.01% (95% CI: 57.63-68.23; I2=93.73%), dyspnea 37.16% (95% CI: 27.31-47.57%; I2=98.32%), fatigue 34.22% (95% CI: 26.29-42.62; I2=97.29%) and diarrhea 11.47 %(95% CI: 6.96-16.87; I2=95.58%), respectively. The most prevalent complications were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 33.15% (95% CI: 23.35-43.73; I2=98.56%), acute cardiac injury 13.77% (95% CI: 9.66-18.45; I2=91.36%), arrhythmia 16.64% (95% CI: 9.34-25.5; I2=92.29%), heart failure 11.50% (95% CI: 3.45-22.83; I2=89.48%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) 8.40 %(95% CI: 5.15-12.31; I2=95.22%, respectively. According to our analysis, mortality rate of COVID-19 patients were 12.29% (95% CI: 6.20-19.99; I2=98.29%). Conclusion: We assessed the prevalence of the main clinical complications of COVID-19 and found that after respiratory complications, cardiac and renal complications are the most common clinical complications of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.14.20130955v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.14.20130955 id: cord-290057-tj97q2py author: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title: Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-30 words: 620.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290057-tj97q2py.txt summary: title: Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients The global impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on vascular surgical services has been 9 initially addressed by Ng et al 1 . 5 6 Table I and II summarize four cases presenting with acute critical limb ischemia (ACLI) in 7 patients testing COVID-19 (+) with no previous vascular consultations or symptoms. An arterial thrombotic event presented in two COVID-19 11 patients who were asymptomatic despite testing positive for the disease. Blood testing 12 demonstrated a high inflammatory response in all of these patients (D-dimer, CRP) that was 13 significantly higher in those who were hospitalized with active and severe pneumonia. These 23 underdiagnoses could also be related to the aforementioned lack of PPE that currently affects the 1 entire healthcare system. The Global Impact of COVID-17 19 on Vascular Surgical Services abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0741521420311009 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.494 id: cord-347935-jfx9037u author: Valdivia, Andrés Reyes title: Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid. date: 2020-06-04 words: 1983.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347935-jfx9037u.txt summary: METHODS: Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary 80 academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide 81 due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Some Vascular Surgery 117 communities have tried to stratify patients into those requiring urgent care during this 118 pandemic situation, i.e >70mm abdominal aortic aneurysms or ruptured AAA, critical 119 limb ischemia (CLI) and symptomatic carotid disease 4 . We only provided 139 surgical care for urgent cases, and during the last two weeks, as the COVID-19 situation 140 improved and more in-hospital beds and resources are available, we started to provide 141 care to patients requiring a vascular access, limb ischemia with rest pain and one carotid 142 with severe stenosis with unstable plaque. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The epidemic potential of Coronavirus infection is now a reality. Since the first case detected in late 2019 in China a fast-world-wide expansion confirms it. The vascular patient is at a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease due to its nature associating several comorbid states and thus, some Vascular Surgery communities from many countries have tried to stratify patients into those requiring care during these uncertain times. METHODS: Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed our surgical practice since March 14(th) when the lockdown was declared up to date, May 14(th) (2 months). Procedural surgical practice, organizational issues, early outcomes and all the troubles encountered during this new situation are described. RESULTS: Our department is composed of 10 vascular surgeons and 4 trainees. Surgical practice has been reduced to only urgent care, totaling 50 repairs on 45 patients during the time period. Five surgeries were performed on 3 COVID-19 positive patients. Sixty percent were due to CLI, 45% of them performed by complete endovascular approach; whereas less than 10% of repairs were aorta related. We were allocated to use a total of 5 surgical rooms in different locations, none our usual, as it was converted into an ICU room while performing 50% of those repairs with unusual nursery staff. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our organization and practice in favor of urgent or semi-urgent surgical care alone. The lack for in-hospital/ICU beds and changing nursery staff changed the whole availability organization at our hospital and was a key factor in surgical decision making in some cases. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.001 id: cord-323676-sp8kys0n author: Valensisi, Giovanni title: COVID-19 and Global Poverty: Are LDCs Being Left Behind? date: 2020-10-21 words: 7124.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt summary: Using growth forecasts from various vintages of the World Bank''s Global Economic Prospects (and in some cases from the International Monetary Fund -IMF), other authors find that COVID-19 could trigger an increase in the number of people living below US$1.90/day by 40-100 million (Gerszon Mahler et al. In the second step, the above growth rates, pre-and post-COVID-19, are utilized to ''line up'' the corresponding poverty estimates using PovcalNet, the World Bank''s computational tool, which draws on more than 1500 household surveys from 164 countries and contains the official estimates of poverty at country, regional, and global levels. Focusing on the US$3.20 per day poverty line, South Asia is likely to suffer by far the largest slump, entailing a rise of nearly 4 percentage points in the headcount ratio, equivalent to 74 million additional poor, compared with what would have occurred if the pre-COVID-19 growth forecasts had materialized (Fig. 4) . abstract: The paper provides a preliminary assessment of COVID-19’s impact on global poverty in the light of IMF’s growth forecasts. It shows that the pandemic will erode many of the gains recorded over the last decade in terms of poverty reduction. Our baseline case suggests that globally the number of people living below US$1.90 per day will increase by 68 million in 2020 alone; this rise could however approach 100 million, should the recession turn out to be more severe than initially expected, as many practitioners fear. Without effective international support, this setback will pose a critical threat to the achievement of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The fallout from the pandemic will also exacerbate the geographic concentration of poverty, to the extent that the Least Developed Countries, with only 14% of the global population, are set to represent the main locus of extreme poverty worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00314-8 doi: 10.1057/s41287-020-00314-8 id: cord-032244-s7t5u9lf author: Valente, Serafina title: ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Considerations on in-hospital cardiological consultations and cardiology outpatient clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 1511.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032244-s7t5u9lf.txt summary: The aim of this document is to propose algorithms for the management of cardiovascular diseases during COVID-19 emergency with the objective of providing patients with optimal care, minimizing contagion risk and appropriately managing personal protective equipment. 9, 10 The objective of this document is to propose management algorithms for cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 emergency, in order to optimize cardiological assistance for the benefit of patients by minimizing the possibility of contagion, safeguarding healthcare personnel, and rationalizing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). • angina pectoris • heart failure • arrhythmia In the case of a suspected COVID-19 patient, it is always necessary to try to postpone the medical exam or the appointment (if a cardiac patient cannot wait, refer them to the emergency room which has appropriate access points and safety procedures in place) or manage with the available PPE according to the risk of contagion following specific safety procedures, remembering to disinfect spaces and equipment after the exam/appointment according to local protocols. abstract: Infections by SARS CoV2 - COVID-19 have become in a short time a worldwide health emergency. Due to cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 and to very frequent previous cardiovascular disorders of COVID-19 patients, it is presently crucial that Cardiologists are fully aware of COVID-19 related epidemiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic problems, in order to manage at best the present emergency by appropriate protocols developed on the basis of the competences acquired and shared on the field. The aim of this document is to propose algorithms for the management of cardiovascular diseases during COVID-19 emergency with the objective of providing patients with optimal care, minimizing contagion risk and appropriately managing personal protective equipment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7499600/ doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa112 id: cord-278971-tb2he1cb author: Valeri, Anthony title: COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty date: 2020-07-25 words: 978.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278971-tb2he1cb.txt summary: A report from King County, WA, found that as of mid-March 2020 in one SNF, over 100 residents became infected with 55% requiring hospitalization with a case fatality of about 34% (1). To that end, we have four reports published in Kidney International Reports from Wuhan, China, the Lombardy region of northern Italy, London, England and Paris, France (2-5) detailing their early experience with COVID-19 outbreaks affecting ESRD patients at outpatient dialysis facilities and leading to a large number resulting in hospitalization and, often, death, similar to our experience in New York City (6) . Taking this and the lessons from hospital facilities, the use of personal protective equipment (for both patients and staff) and the cohorting of patients has helped to lessen the spread of the virus among susceptible individuals as demonstrated in the reports and others from London, England, the Lombardy region, Italy and Wuhan, China (9, S1). abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024920314194?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.020 id: cord-326635-sdybzl1w author: Valika, Taher S. title: Return to Normalcy? Principles on Resuming Surgical Services in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-06-11 words: 1185.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326635-sdybzl1w.txt summary: With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. Phase 2 provided criteria on resuming elective outpatient and inpatient surgical procedures. Our experiences and lessons learned are described, and they provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to patient care. Our experiences and lessons learned are described, and they provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to patient care. These are unparalleled times, and safety is paramount for the patient, the family, the physician, and the care team. Each patient was required to obtain COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing within 72 hours of the surgical procedure and then self-quarantine, as suggested by the Illinois Department of Public Health. Thoughtful guiding principles to continue to manage our practices in this crisis are essential to maintain the health and safety of our patients, families, and providers. abstract: The rapidly changing health care climate related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in numerous changes to health care systems and in practices that protect both the public and the workers who serve in hospitals around the country. As a result, these past few months have seen a drastic reduction in outpatient visits and surgical volumes. With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. Our institution has had the unique opportunity to already return operations back to full capacity. The experiences and lessons learned are described, and we provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to patient care. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2473974x20936658 doi: 10.1177/2473974x20936658 id: cord-034135-c3hjkcyh author: Valin, J.P. title: Physician Executives Guide a Successful Covid-19 Response in Colorado date: 2020-10-15 words: 2087.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034135-c3hjkcyh.txt summary: Chief medical officers (CMOs) of seven health care systems collaborated to lead Colorado through the Covid-19 surge by harnessing the four "superpowers" of perspective, partnership, patient advocacy, and peer support. Together, in caring for 6,329 hospitalized Covid-19 patients, the CMO group provided 60,188 patient-days of care, with 17,407 ventilators days.3 The knowledge and experience derived from the collective years of clinical practice, along with firsthand experience of directly caring for acutely ill hospitalized Covid-19 patients in our hospitals during this first wave, provided irreplaceable expert insight as the CMOs contemplated the larger system and state-level challenges that needed to be addressed.4 In their roles as administrators and members of their incident command teams, each CMO also had access to real-time data about Covid-19 patients within their system, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, intensive care needs, and mechanical ventilation. The CMOs effectively worked together to ensure that Colorado hospitals had sufficient resources, including staff, critical care medications, inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) beds, PPE, and mechanical ventilators to provide care for the surge of 4,000 critically ill patients that was predicted for our state. abstract: Chief medical officers (CMOs) of seven health care systems collaborated to lead Colorado through the Covid-19 surge by harnessing the four “superpowers” of perspective, partnership, patient advocacy, and peer support. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7561247/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0402 id: cord-330320-27dj69i1 author: Valitutti, Francesco title: Effect of Population Lockdown on Pediatric Emergency Room Demands in the Era of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-18 words: 2655.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330320-27dj69i1.txt summary: Methods: A cross-sectional study on pediatric emergency department consultations before and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2019 vs. Nevertheless, the current scenario highlighted the need for appropriate and timely clinical evaluations in the pediatric primary care to tackle late and more severe diagnoses in EDs. Emergency department (ED) patient flow includes roughly 20-25% of pediatric consultations in western countries each day (1) . The aim of our cross-sectional study was to highlight the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED consultation appropriateness for children in two hospitals of Southern Italy, comparing retrospective data from the trimesters March-May 2019 and March-May 2020. Covid-19 nasal swabs were performed for 385 children; of those, six resulted positive and four of them were hospitalized elsewhere (Pediatric Regional Hub for Infectious Disease); two were quarantined in their house under special medical team follow-up. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and population lockdown on pediatric ED consultations and appropriateness analysis. abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and population lockdown on pediatric ED consultations. Methods: A cross-sectional study on pediatric emergency department consultations before and during the current COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2019 vs. March–May 2020) was performed in two hospitals in the Campania region (Southern Italy) [i.e., Salerno University Hospital (Salerno) and Pediatric Regional Referral Emergency Hub “AORN Santobono-Pausillipon” (Naples)]. Results: 29,368 consecutive ED pediatric patients (13,430 females; mean age ± SD = 5.4 ± 4.7 years) were seen in March–May 2019 and 9,133 (4,494 females; mean age ± SD = 5.9 ± 4.2 years) in March–May 2020. Resuscitation/emergency and urgent care pediatric ED consultations were 1,388 (4.7%, 95% CI 4.5–4.9) in the 2019 trimester, while they were 648 (7.1%, 95% CI 6.6–7.6) in the 2020 trimester (p < 0.01). Mean pediatric ED daily consultations were 326.3 (95% CI 299.9–352.7) in the considered period of 2019 and 101.4 (95%CI 77.9–124.9) in the same period of 2020 (p < 0.001). COVID-19 nasal swabs were performed for 385 children; of those, six resulted positive and four of them were hospitalized. Conclusions: This work provides a unique snapshot of the pediatric EDs demands in the era of COVID-19. We witnessed a significant reduction of non-urgent health care demands during the pandemic but an increase of more severe urgent cases. The COVID-19 pandemic and the following lockdown unveiled the inappropriateness of the majority of pediatric ED consultations. Nevertheless, the current scenario highlighted the need for appropriate and timely clinical evaluations in the pediatric primary care to tackle late and more severe diagnoses in EDs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072657/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00521 id: cord-260249-dkslt9ir author: Vallejo, Benjamin M. title: Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 date: 2020-06-18 words: 6138.0 sentences: 325.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260249-dkslt9ir.txt summary: title: Policy responses and government science advice for the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines: January to April 2020 We review the Philippine government''s responses and introduce the complicating scientific, social, and political contexts for both questions and address proposals for strengthening the science advisory structures. These efforts while it has resulted in a positive outcome in suppressing COVID 19 infections reveal gaps in the channeling of science advice to government especially in crisis and the need for a more coordinated science policy structure for emergencies. We take off from two initial questions, "When can the ECQ be lifted?" and How can we foresee and be better prepared for the next pandemic?" and to identify policy options with their complicating social and political contexts in light of the epidemiological science outcomes which informs policy decisions. In the COVID 19 crisis the Philippine government and its public has immediately recognized the importance of the role of scientists providing science information in economic and political life. abstract: ABSTRACT In this paper we examine two policy questions about the COVID 19 pandemic in the Philippines. These are science informed policy questions that will have to take into consideration a large degree of uncertainties in outcomes. The first question is on when to lift the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) as informed by epidemiological modelling. The second deals on how the Philippines can respond to a future pandemic crisis. We review the Philippine government's responses and introduce the complicating scientific, social, and political contexts for both questions and address proposals for strengthening the science advisory structures. We propose a permanent science advisory body for emergencies with the widest source of expertise as needed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590061720300521 doi: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100115 id: cord-327653-2gn9h4i2 author: Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário title: The challenges of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Amazonian communities and the importance of seroepidemiological surveillance studies date: 2020-08-15 words: 1721.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327653-2gn9h4i2.txt summary: Since the elimination of beta-coronavirus circulation requires a minimum herd immunity (indications 50-66%) [7] , the information for which is still unknown at the local, national or global levels, conducting seroepidemiological and surveillance studies on SARS-CoV-2 in geographic areas such as the Amazon is extremely important, as it will allow for the assessment of the prevalence and titre of antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2, mortality and case fatality rates and the epidemiological aspects of risk of exposure in communities from different population strata, such as riberinhos (riverain communities), quilombola (Afro-descendant communities) and indigenous peoples, providing an improvement in the decisionmaking of future epidemics. abstract: The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has alarmed the world with its high rate of transmission and the ability to cause severe and fatal disease. The impact of this pandemic may be even greater in populations where the absence of health services is a chronic aspect, as reported with populations living in the Brazilian Amazon. In this article, we address the perspective of possible impacts of the pandemic on these populations and the importance of conducting seroepidemiological surveillance studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32799872/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01256-7 id: cord-029672-y2ii6r3u author: Van Assche, Ari title: From the editor: COVID-19 and international business policy date: 2020-07-24 words: 3655.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029672-y2ii6r3u.txt summary: The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we introduce the special collection by drawing the attention of JIBP readers to the impact of COVID-19-related policies that strike at the heart of MNEs -the knowledge-intensive intangibles -as their managers rush to cope with local physical distancing measures, non-essential travel restrictions and stringent immigration policies. The combination of COVID-19-related confinement and protectionist measures is effectively a policy mix that affects MNEs by (1) increasing trade costs and (2) amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge (see Figure 1 ). In a third paper, Rajneesh Narula turns to the other side of these global value chains and focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the informal economy in developing countries. abstract: We introduce a special collection of papers on COVID-19 and international business policy that looks at the global policy challenge from different perspectives. The combination of confinement and protectionist measures including export bans, import tariffs and border closures that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic affect MNEs by increasing trade costs and amplifying the costs of communicating tacit knowledge. In this editorial, we draw specific attention to how these policies impact the heart of MNEs’ activities – the knowledge-intensive intangibles. Physical distancing limits the face-to-face meetings that undergird the production of intangibles in large urban hotspots. At the same time, travel restrictions constrain MNEs’ abilities to connect to and source knowledge from their foreign partners. Virtual conferencing has helped MNEs to cope with these challenges but it remains an imperfect substitute. A protracted public health crisis that would require limiting social interactions in the medium term might push MNEs to reconfigure their knowledge management strategies both locally and globally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378301/ doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00065-7 id: cord-283485-xit6najq author: Van Damme, Wim title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 words: 9627.0 sentences: 633.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt summary: Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 4 It was soon discovered that the virus is easily transmitted, can cause Summary box ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. 88 Box 2 On the use of mathematical models during epidemics A dominant way of studying the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease such as COVID-19, and predicting the amplitude and peak of the epidemic in a population (city, province, country) and analysing the effect of control measures is using mathematical models. abstract: It is very exceptional that a new disease becomes a true pandemic. Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. However, in different countries, the COVID-19 epidemic takes variable shapes and forms in how it affects communities. Until now, the insights gained on COVID-19 have been largely dominated by the COVID-19 epidemics and the lockdowns in China, Europe and the USA. But this variety of global trajectories is little described, analysed or understood. In only a few months, an enormous amount of scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been uncovered (knowns). But important knowledge gaps remain (unknowns). Learning from the variety of ways the COVID-19 epidemic is unfolding across the globe can potentially contribute to solving the COVID-19 puzzle. This paper tries to make sense of this variability—by exploring the important role that context plays in these different COVID-19 epidemics; by comparing COVID-19 epidemics with other respiratory diseases, including other coronaviruses that circulate continuously; and by highlighting the critical unknowns and uncertainties that remain. These unknowns and uncertainties require a deeper understanding of the variable trajectories of COVID-19. Unravelling them will be important for discerning potential future scenarios, such as the first wave in virgin territories still untouched by COVID-19 and for future waves elsewhere. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 id: cord-285406-mlpqvshk author: Van Praet, Jens T. title: Prevention of nosocomial COVID-19: Another challenge of the pandemic date: 2020-04-23 words: 679.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285406-mlpqvshk.txt summary: 2 The duration of infectivity is uncertain, with one study reporting that 90% of mild cases had a negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by day 10. Because the hospitalization duration of these patients clearly exceeded the minimal incubation period, these infections were considered nosocomially acquired, transmitted by healthcare workers or external visitors. First, from the beginning of week 12, we screened all healthcare personnel with direct patient contact for cases of low-grade fever (>37.4°C) and acute developing or worsening respiratory symptoms and tested possible cases using nasopharyngeal swabs and real-time PCR. In these same weeks, the screening positivity rates of symptomatic healthcare workers in our hospital were 8.6% (6 out of 70), 31% (17 out of 54), 39% (16 out of 41) and 28% (16 out of 57), respectively and the numbers of patients diagnosed with probable nosocomial COVID-19 were 0, 4, 4, and 23, respectively. Of 31 probable nosocomial COVID-19 infections, 22 (71%) were observed at geriatric wards. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32321612/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.166 id: cord-334801-p5mxc694 author: Van Singer, Mathias title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 words: 2006.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt summary: We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. sTREM-1-and IL-6-based algorithms are 54 highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to 84 surges of patients that can overwhelm health systems (1) (2) (3) (4) . Current prediction 90 models to support clinical decision making for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients 91 were developed based on demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging techniques, 92 biomarkers or a combination of these variables, however most are poorly validated and at risk 93 of bias (10). 282 The CRT analysis performed with all clinical signs, severity scores and biomarkers to predict Since we could also use this triage tool to identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes, we 290 tested this algorithm to predict 7-and 30-day intubation/death. abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to surges of patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) and potentially overwhelming health systems. Objective This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of host biomarkers at clinical presentation to the ED for adverse outcome. Methods Prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients in the ED of a Swiss hospital. Concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were determined at clinical presentation. We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. Results Of 76 COVID-19 patients included, 24 were outpatients or hospitalized without oxygen requirement, 35 hospitalized with oxygen requirement and 17 intubated/died. We found that soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) had the best prognostic accuracy for 30-day intubation/mortality (AUROC 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measured at presentation to the ED had the best accuracy for 30-day oxygen requirement (AUROC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94) .An algorithm based on respiratory rate and sTREM-1 predicted 30-day intubation/mortality with 94% sensitivity and 0.1 NLR. An IL-6-based algorithm had 98% sensitivity and 0.04 negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for 30-day oxygen requirement. Conclusion sTREM-1 and IL-6 concentrations in COVID-19 in the ED have good predictive accuracy for intubation/mortality and oxygen requirement. sTREM-1- and IL-6-based algorithms are highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage tools. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33045281/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.001 id: cord-326148-9wpxm5of author: Van Walle, I. title: Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 date: 2020-09-18 words: 3790.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326148-9wpxm5of.txt summary: title: Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020 We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, viral antigen and antibody tests based on 94739 test results from 157 published studies and 20205 new test results from 12 EU/EEA Member States. Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width [≤]5%, we found 4 nucleic acid tests, among which 1 point of care test, and 3 antibody tests with a clinical sensitivity [≤]95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Study heterogeneity was low for 8/14 (57.1%) sensitivity and 68/84 (81.0%) specificity results with confidence interval width [≤]5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Studies containing potentially usable data on clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, antigen and antibody tests were first extracted from systematic reviews on this topic. abstract: We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, viral antigen and antibody tests based on 94739 test results from 157 published studies and 20205 new test results from 12 EU/EEA Member States. Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width [≤]5%, we found 4 nucleic acid tests, among which 1 point of care test, and 3 antibody tests with a clinical sensitivity [≤]95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Analogously, 9 nucleic acid tests and 25 antibody tests, among which 12 point of care tests, had a clinical specificity of [≤]98%. Three antibody tests achieved both thresholds. Evidence for nucleic acid and antigen point of care tests remains scarce at present, and sensitivity varied substantially. Study heterogeneity was low for 8/14 (57.1%) sensitivity and 68/84 (81.0%) specificity results with confidence interval width [≤]5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Manufacturer reported clinical performance was significantly higher than independently assessed in 11/32 (34.4%) and 4/34 (11.8%) cases for sensitivity and specificity respectively, indicating a need for improvement in this area. Continuous monitoring of clinical performance within more clearly defined target populations is needed. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.16.20195917v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.16.20195917 id: cord-272546-zznm13ik author: Van den Eynde, Jef title: Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 words: 1874.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt summary: At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic. To date, however, no specific recommendations are available for cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we discuss the potential risks, benefits, and preventive measures that need to be taken into account when considering robotic assisted surgery for cardiothoracic indications in patients with confirmed COVID-19. In response to this situation, various surgical societies have already issued their recommendations on adequate patient selection and preparation, as well as measures that can be taken to minimize the spread of viral particles. Provided that the above discussed risks are taken into account and met with these preventive measures, cardiothoracic RAS might on the other hand have various benefits to offer during the current COVID-19 pandemic when compared to conventional open surgery. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an immense threat to healthcare systems worldwide. At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic. Recently, several robotic assisted surgery societies have issued their recommendations. To date, however, no specific recommendations are available for cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in COVID-19 positive patients. Here, we discuss the potential risks, benefits, and preventive measures that need to be taken into account when considering robotic assisted surgery for cardiothoracic indications in patients with confirmed COVID-19. It is suggested that robotic assisted surgery might have various advantages such as early recovery after surgery, shorter hospital stay, and reduced loss of blood and fluids as well as smaller incisions. However, electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices, as well as CO2 insufflation should be managed with caution to prevent the risk of aerosolization of viral particles. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-020-01090-7 doi: 10.1007/s11701-020-01090-7 id: cord-312251-t6omrr07 author: Vancheri, Sergio Giuseppe title: Radiographic findings in 240 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: time-dependence after the onset of symptoms date: 2020-05-30 words: 3502.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312251-t6omrr07.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the most frequent radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia and assess the effectiveness of chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting pulmonary alterations. Alteration''s type (reticular/ground-glass opacity (GGO)/consolidation) and distribution (bilateral/unilateral, upper/middle/lower fields, peripheral/central) were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent lesions in COVID-19 patients were GGO (intermediate/late phase) and reticular alteration (early phase) while consolidation gradually increased over time. Our study aimed to evaluate the percentage of abnormal chest radiographs at different time intervals from the onset of symptoms and to identify the type and distribution of radiographic alterations and their frequency at different times throughout the disease course of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest CT showed high sensitivity in detecting GGO, which is considered a typical finding in COVID-19 pneumonia and, in some cases, may be the only alteration present in the early phases of the disease [3, 16] . abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the most frequent radiographic features of COVID-19 pneumonia and assess the effectiveness of chest X-ray (CXR) in detecting pulmonary alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CXR of 240 symptomatic patients (70% male, mean age 65 ± 16 years), with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR, was retrospectively evaluated. Patients were clustered in four groups based on the number of days between symptom onset and CXR: group A (0–2 days), 49 patients; group B (3–5), 75 patients; group C (6–9), 85 patients; and group D (> 9), 31 patients. Alteration’s type (reticular/ground-glass opacity (GGO)/consolidation) and distribution (bilateral/unilateral, upper/middle/lower fields, peripheral/central) were noted. Statistical significance was tested using chi-square test. RESULTS: Among 240 patients who underwent CXR, 180 (75%) showed alterations (group A, 63.3%; group B, 72%; group C, 81.2%; group D, 83.9%). GGO was observed in 124/180 patients (68.8%), reticular alteration in 113/180 (62.7%), and consolidation in 71/180 (39.4%). Consolidation was significantly less frequent (p < 0.01). Distribution among groups was as follows: reticular alteration (group A, 70.9%; group B, 72.2%; group C, 57.9%; group D, 46.1%), GGO (group A, 67.7%; group B, 62.9%; group C, 71%; group D, 76.9%), and consolidation (group A, 35.5%; group B, 31.4%; group C, 47.8%; group D, 38.5%). Alterations were bilateral in 73.3%. Upper, middle, and lower fields were involved in 36.7%, 79.4%, and 87.8%, respectively. Lesions were peripheral in 49.4%, central in 11.1%, or both in 39.4%. Upper fields and central zones were significantly less involved (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent lesions in COVID-19 patients were GGO (intermediate/late phase) and reticular alteration (early phase) while consolidation gradually increased over time. The most frequent distribution was bilateral, peripheral, and with middle/lower predominance. Overall rate of negative CXR was 25%, which progressively decreased over time. KEY POINTS: • The predominant lung changes were GGO and reticular alteration, while consolidation was less frequent. • The typical distribution pattern was bilateral, peripheral, or both peripheral and central and involved predominantly the lower and middle fields. • Chest radiography showed lung abnormalities in 75% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, range varied from 63.3 to 83.9%, respectively, at 0–2 days and > 9 days from the onset of symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474630/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06967-7 id: cord-302215-sqrbj5r4 author: Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques title: COVID-19: An Update about the Discovery Clinical Trial date: 2020-05-14 words: 3336.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302215-sqrbj5r4.txt summary: Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. . Although a decision to administer remdesivir for compassionate use was based on the case patient''s worsening clinical status, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of remdesivir and any other investigational agents for treatment of patients with 2019-nCoV infection." The authors interpreted their results in the following terms: "In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. As earlier mentioned, controversial results have been published on the efficacy of treatments associating hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for French patients hospitalized for moderate [31] or severe [32, 33] COVID-19 infection. Lopinavir-ritonavir alone or combined with arbidol in the treatment of 73 hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A pilot retrospective study abstract: Finding efficacious and safe treatments for COVID-19 emerges as a crucial need in order to control the spread of the pandemic. Whereas plasma therapy attracts much interest, the European project Discovery focuses on the potentialities of small molecules like remdesivir, the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and chloroquine. Results recently published on the clinical evaluation of those drugs are compiled in this brief report, although complete data are still impatiently awaited. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423027/ doi: 10.3390/ph13050098 id: cord-300763-3ateeei3 author: Vannabouathong, Christopher title: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19: Current Evidence and Evolving Strategies date: 2020-05-06 words: 6137.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300763-3ateeei3.txt summary: The term PHEIC is defined as 27 : "an extraordinary event which is determined to constitute a public health risk to other States through the international spread of disease; and to potentially require a coordinated international response." Also, according to the WHO 28 , "This definition implies a situation that is serious, unusual, or unexpected; carries implications for public health beyond the affected state''s national border; and may require immediate international action." Eleven days later, on February 10, 2020, there were, cumulatively, 40,554 confirmed cases and 910 deaths globally across 25 countries, and the majority were identified in the People''s Republic of China 29 . In a cross-sectional analysis that included 1,023 COVID-19-related deaths in the People''s Republic of China, the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team 43 found that >80% were patients ‡60 years of age; when extending this range to those who were ‡50 years of age, this number increased to >90% 44 . abstract: COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has currently infected >300,000 globally. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms of the disease, and it is important to remember that the virus can even be transmitted by individuals who test positive for the disease but do not have any symptoms. Currently reported mortality rates vary because of the rapid spread of the disease and different approaches to calculating this estimate, but it is clear that the risk of death is associated with age and the presence of underlying conditions. Risk mitigation techniques (i.e., hand washing, social distancing, and self-isolation) have already been emphasized across major news outlets. It is essential that we continue these practices, as the outbreak is currently expected to last for many more months and we must be mindful of the lessons learned from past pandemics to prevent a second wave from occurring. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32379112/ doi: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00396 id: cord-347446-yw0nk7fo author: Vantarakis, A. title: COVID-19 and Environmental factors. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review date: 2020-05-15 words: 3169.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347446-yw0nk7fo.txt summary: In our review, the analysis of 23 studies show evidence that high temperature and high humidity reduce the COVID-19 transmission. The aim of the review was, therefore, to summarize all available data on the impact of environmental factors on the survival of all coronaviruses including emerging SARS-CoV and MERS CoV. This systematic review was limited to studies focusing to environmental factors'' impact on COVID-19. All included studies assessed the role of various environmental factors on transmission rates of the COVID-19. Detailed characteristics of the studies included, like author, title and year of publication, country and continent of the study, method of assessing the impact of the environmental factors and the outcome variable are described in Table 1 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 Temperature associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved. . https://doi.org/10.1101 Figure 2 Environmental factors associated with the assessing methods the country of epidemics All rights reserved. abstract: The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its airborne spread via droplets. The impact of environmental factors on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is under consideration. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the impact of environmental factors on human coronaviruses. Temperature, humidity and other environmental factors have been recorded as environmental drivers of the COVID-19 outbreak in China and in other countries. Higher temperatures might be positive to decrease the COVID-19 incidence. In our review, the analysis of 23 studies show evidence that high temperature and high humidity reduce the COVID-19 transmission. However, further studies concerning other environmental (namely meteorological) factors role should be conducted in order to further prove this correlation. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.10.20069732 id: cord-257766-z7vcdtcq author: Varadhachary, Atul title: Salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA as an accessible biomarker of mucosal immunity against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 8470.0 sentences: 455.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257766-z7vcdtcq.txt summary: To minimize risk to lab personnel of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, our clinical study was limited to salivary samples collected from individuals who were at least a month post-symptom onset, so we cannot report on when IgA levels first appear in saliva, though that work is currently underway. Individual Immunity and Clinical Implications: Our observations that (i) we see a large variation in salivary IgA titer, even in pre-COVID-19 samples; (ii) elevated IgA levels appear to persist for at least 2-3 months; and (iii) individuals may develop mucosal IgA without an overt SARS-CoV-2 infection, each raise intriguing questions. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.20170258 doi: medRxiv preprint Community Surveillance and Herd Immunity: Reports that systemic IgA may be detectable earlier than IgG or IgM, 22,23 as early as two days after symptom onset are consistent with the early-response role played by IgA, as well as with our anecdotal observations that individuals can muco-convert to positive salivary IgA contemporaneously with viral detection by PCR. abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucosal immunity, including secretory IgA (sIgA), plays an important role in early defenses against respiratory pathogens. Salivary testing, the most convenient way to measure sIgA, has been used to characterize mucosal immune responses to many viral infections including SARS, MERS, influenza, HIV, and RSV. However, its role has not yet been characterized in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report development and validation of a rapid immunoassay for measuring salivary IgA against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and report quantitative results in both pre-COVID-19 and muco-converted subjects. METHODS: We developed and refined a specific test for salivary IgA against SARS-CoV-2 on the Brevitest platform, a rapid immunoassay system designed for point-of-care use. A qualitative test was validated as per FDA guidelines with saliva obtained from subjects prior to the emergence of COVID-19, and from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We also generated a quantitative measure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA. Time taken for saliva self-collection was measured and its ease-of-use assessed. RESULTS: We successfully validated a qualitative salivary assay for SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies, with positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 97%, respectively, and no observable cross-reactivity with any of seven potential confounders. Pre-COVID-19 saliva samples showed an 8-fold range of IgA concentrations, suggesting a broad continuum of natural antibody resistance against the novel virus, though at levels lower than that observed in COVID-19 PCR-confirmed subjects. Samples from muco-positive subjects also shown a ~9-fold variation in salivary IgA levels, with elevated salivary IgA observed beyond three months after onset of symptoms. We observed a correlation (r=0.4405) between salivary IgA levels and COVID-19 disease severity. In anecdotal observations, we observed individuals who exhibited antibodies early in the course of their disease, contemporaneously with a positive PCR test, as well as individuals who muco-converted despite no known direct exposure to a COVID-19 patient, no symptoms, and negative molecular and/or serum antibody tests. Salivary collection took 5–10 minutes, and was reported as being easy (mean of 1.1 on a scale of 1 to 10). IMPLICATIONS: Mucosal immunity, including secretory IgA, plays an important role in host defense against respiratory pathogens, and our early data suggest it may do so in COVID-19. Salivary IgA, an accessible marker of mucosal immunity, may be a useful indicator of several key parameters including individual and community immune response, disease severity, clinical risk, and herd immunity. The non-invasive nature and ease of saliva collection facilitates its potential use as a biomarker for ongoing patient assessment and management, as well as a community surveillance tool. By measuring mucosal immune responses directly and systemic immune responses indirectly, salivary IgA could be useful in developing and deploying a vaccine(s) against COVID-19. Quantitative IgA assessment could also potentially serve as a tool to segment the population into different risk categories and inform individual and collective decisions relating to appropriate activities and vaccine prioritization/delivery. These data reinforce the importance of further investigation into the role of mucosal immunity and IgA in host responses against COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.07.20170258v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.07.20170258 id: cord-323705-n2rec4i8 author: Varatharaj, Aravinthan title: Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study date: 2020-06-25 words: 5252.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323705-n2rec4i8.txt summary: METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapidresponse case report notification portals (CoroNerve platforms) comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN) Rare Diseases Ascertainment and Recruitment (RaDAR), 12 the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), 13 and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), 14 in collabo ration with the British Paediatric Neurology Association (BPNA), 15 the Neuro Anaesthesia and Critical Care Society (who used the ABN portal), the Intensive Care Society, and key stakeholders. abstract: BACKGROUND: Concerns regarding potential neurological complications of COVID-19 are being increasingly reported, primarily in small series. Larger studies have been limited by both geography and specialty. Comprehensive characterisation of clinical syndromes is crucial to allow rational selection and evaluation of potential therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the breadth of complications of COVID-19 across the UK that affected the brain. METHODS: During the exponential phase of the pandemic, we developed an online network of secure rapid-response case report notification portals across the spectrum of major UK neuroscience bodies, comprising the Association of British Neurologists (ABN), the British Association of Stroke Physicians (BASP), and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCPsych), and representing neurology, stroke, psychiatry, and intensive care. Broad clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19 were classified as a cerebrovascular event (defined as an acute ischaemic, haemorrhagic, or thrombotic vascular event involving the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space), altered mental status (defined as an acute alteration in personality, behaviour, cognition, or consciousness), peripheral neurology (defined as involving nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or muscle), or other (with free text boxes for those not meeting these syndromic presentations). Physicians were encouraged to report cases prospectively and we permitted recent cases to be notified retrospectively when assigned a confirmed date of admission or initial clinical assessment, allowing identification of cases that occurred before notification portals were available. Data collected were compared with the geographical, demographic, and temporal presentation of overall cases of COVID-19 as reported by UK Government public health bodies. FINDINGS: The ABN portal was launched on April 2, 2020, the BASP portal on April 3, 2020, and the RCPsych portal on April 21, 2020. Data lock for this report was on April 26, 2020. During this period, the platforms received notification of 153 unique cases that met the clinical case definitions by clinicians in the UK, with an exponential growth in reported cases that was similar to overall COVID-19 data from UK Government public health bodies. Median patient age was 71 years (range 23–94; IQR 58–79). Complete clinical datasets were available for 125 (82%) of 153 patients. 77 (62%) of 125 patients presented with a cerebrovascular event, of whom 57 (74%) had an ischaemic stroke, nine (12%) an intracerebral haemorrhage, and one (1%) CNS vasculitis. 39 (31%) of 125 patients presented with altered mental status, comprising nine (23%) patients with unspecified encephalopathy and seven (18%) patients with encephalitis. The remaining 23 (59%) patients with altered mental status fulfilled the clinical case definitions for psychiatric diagnoses as classified by the notifying psychiatrist or neuropsychiatrist, and 21 (92%) of these were new diagnoses. Ten (43%) of 23 patients with neuropsychiatric disorders had new-onset psychosis, six (26%) had a neurocognitive (dementia-like) syndrome, and four (17%) had an affective disorder. 18 (49%) of 37 patients with altered mental status were younger than 60 years and 19 (51%) were older than 60 years, whereas 13 (18%) of 74 patients with cerebrovascular events were younger than 60 years versus 61 (82%) patients older than 60 years. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide, cross-specialty surveillance study of acute neurological and psychiatric complications of COVID-19. Altered mental status was the second most common presentation, comprising encephalopathy or encephalitis and primary psychiatric diagnoses, often occurring in younger patients. This study provides valuable and timely data that are urgently needed by clinicians, researchers, and funders to inform immediate steps in COVID-19 neuroscience research and health policy. FUNDING: None. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S221503662030287X doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x id: cord-283308-z0j8ixwk author: Vardanjani, Hossein Molavi title: A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations date: 2020-07-23 words: 2474.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283308-z0j8ixwk.txt summary: title: A cross-sectional study of Persian medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: Rumors and recommendations The participants completed a 29-item online questionnaire assessing different aspects of the rumors and recommendations pertaining to PM linked with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the current research showed that the fear level caused by the COVID-19 pandemic between the participants was more than 65 %, and the rate of penetration of the recommendations/rumors related to PM was extremely high. Making use of novel technologies (e.g., social media), evidence-based teaching, direct communication with the audience, smart and powerful public relations, academic teaching to healthcare providers, and efforts to gain public trust are some of the approaches that traditional medicine systems such as PM can take to help the fight during epidemics or pandemics such as COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional medicine structures such as Persian medicine (PM) are deeply rooted in the global health system. These modalities, if applied correctly, could help health systems overcome situations such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the mismanagement of such traditional structures results in fear, stress, anxiety, and risky behavior among society. The current study aimed to assess the penetration of the recommendations and rumors related to PM during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationships of these recommendations and rumors with related health factors. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study performed in March 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) in southern Iran, eligible participants were randomly selected. The participants completed a 29-item online questionnaire assessing different aspects of the rumors and recommendations pertaining to PM linked with the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: In total, 523 participants took part in the survey. The mean fear score was 65.2/100. Approximately 99% of the study population had heard at least one of the rumors/recommendations of PM related to COVID-19. The average scores of disagreement with the rumors and recommendations linked to PM were 16.4/50 and 18.4/35, respectively. The fear score and the level of disagreement with the rumors were significantly related (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The use of PM might be beneficial in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic provided that a revolution occurs in data sharing. Various approaches should be considered in the management of traditional medicine modalities such as PM during disease outbreaks to help overcome the current dilemma. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100482 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100482 id: cord-329363-kaw3h5xm author: Vardeny, Orly title: Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty date: 2020-05-26 words: 1030.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329363-kaw3h5xm.txt summary: For patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, other opportunities for minimizing complications from infection include remaining up to date on other immunizations, including influenza vaccine, which is available and effective, and pneumococcal vaccine, as secondary bacterial infections often lead to hospitalizations among those with primary viral infections. Because viral illness has been shown to exacerbate underlying cardiac illness and can lead to acute events such as acute myocardial infarction or decompensated heart failure, efforts should be made to optimize guideline-directed treatment strategies that have been shown to improve clinical status in high-risk patients, and thus reduce the risk of worsening symptoms or acute events in case of infection. In patients without known or suspected COVID-19, this includes all evidence-based therapies in cardiovascular disease, such as aspirin, statins, and β-blockers for secondary prevention in patients with coronary disease, and guideline-directed medical therapy in those with heart failure. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.046837 doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046837 id: cord-256218-xv7aw4xn author: Vargas, Maria title: Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-06-16 words: 666.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256218-xv7aw4xn.txt summary: title: Additional Suggestions for Organ Donation During COVID-19 Outbreak However, since the Italian and worldwide dramatic spread of this infection, 4 we pointed out additional suggestions (1) to evaluate the possible exposures and (2) to protect from potential exposures the organ donor (Table 1) . According to our suggestions, the organ donor had no positive history for exposure and no symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding the healthcare personnel, we limited the access to the organ donor allowing it exclusively to personnel with negative history of exposure, without respiratory symptoms, and properly equipped with personal protective equipment suggested for COVID-19. According to the literature, this is the first case of organ donation after brain death during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hope that our suggestions may improve the safety of organ donor and the safety of transplantation during the worldwide spread of COVID-19 cases. Additional suggestions for organ donation during COVID-19 a abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000003314 doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003314 id: cord-272681-u3p0hsla author: Vargas-Gandica, Jair title: Ageusia and anosmia, a common sign of COVID-19? A case series from four countries date: 2020-07-14 words: 1508.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272681-u3p0hsla.txt summary: As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to evolve, novel signs and symptoms continue to emerge and expand the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Rodriguez-Morales et al. Herein, we present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries. Herein, we present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries. As we observed in our patients, deficits in olfactory and taste function were usually of acute onset and at early stages of the disease, presenting for most cases as the initial clinical manifestation throughout the first days (Beltran-Corbellini et al. Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers -a systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management abstract: Over the course of the pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple new clinical manifestations, as the consequence of the tropism of the virus, have been recognized. That includes now the neurological manifestations and conditions, such as headache, encephalitis, as well as olfactory and taste disorders. We present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00875-8 doi: 10.1007/s13365-020-00875-8 id: cord-333475-pe7q9ira author: Vargas-Vargas, Manuel title: Ferritin levels and COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 694.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333475-pe7q9ira.txt summary: Many individuals with diabetes exhibit elevated serum ferritin levels [3] [4] [5] , and it is known that they face a higher probability to experience serious complications from COVID-19 6 . On this basis, we briefly review evidence supporting the hypothesis that ferritin levels might be a crucial factor influencing the severity of COVID-19. In agreement with this, another study revealed that in patients who died by COVID-19, ferritin levels were high upon hospital admission and throughout the hospital stay. Therefore, it was concluded that serum ferritin levels were closely related to the severity of COVID-19 11 . Finally, laboratory findings in patients with severe COVID-19 showed data consistent with cytokine storm involving elevated inflammatory markers, including ferritin, which has been associated with critical and life-threatening illness 12 . Influence of ferritin levels and inflammatory markers on HbA1c in the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547616/ doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.72 id: cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author: Varghese, Praveen Mathews title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date: 2020-08-19 words: 19657.0 sentences: 1033.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt summary: Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from COVID-19 patients have also revealed considerable insights into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, co-receptors, immune responses, as well as risk factors for severe disease e.g. age and co-morbidities. Furthermore, treatment with a recombinant C5a antibody on 2 male COVID-19 patients aged 54 and 67 years showed significant benefit in suppressing complement hyperactivation, which contributes to the excessive immune response causing aggravated inflammatory lung injury, a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lethality (242) . Consistent with endothelial injury, the significantly elevated levels of von Willebrand factor found in the patient with severe COVID-19 has led to the idea that the infection of the ACE2 expressing endothelium by SARS-CoV-2 induces injury and activates the complement , which sets up a feedback loop that maintains a state of inflammation (243, (268) (269) (270) . Initial clinical studies in China involving 100 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, who were treated with Chloroquine, showed amelioration of pneumonia, shortened disease progression, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and a better virus-negative conversion (313, 314) . abstract: Abstract The current coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, is the third outbreak of disease caused by the coronavirus family, after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. It is an acute infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Virus (SARS-CoV-2). The severe disease is characterised by acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Currently, no drugs or vaccine exist against the disease and the only course of treatment is symptom management involving mechanical ventilation, immune suppressants, and repurposed drugs. As such the severe form of the disease has a relatively high mortality rate. Last 6 months have seen an explosion of information related to the host receptors, virus transmission, virus structure-function relationships, pathophysiology, co-morbidities, immune response, treatment and most promising vaccines. This review takes a critically comprehensive look at various aspects of host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19. We examine genomic aspects of SARS-CoV-2, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, complement-triggered microangiopathy, and host transmission modalities. We also examine its pathophysiological impact during pregnancy, in addition to various gaps in our knowledge. The lessons learnt from various clinical trials involving repurposed drugs have been summarised. We also highlight the rationale and likely success of the most promising vaccine candidates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130519/ doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152008 id: cord-272457-vbqj0bj0 author: Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy title: Markers of coagulation dysfunction and inflammation in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 1354.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272457-vbqj0bj0.txt summary: The levels of serum ferritin (standardized mean difference-SMD: 0.47, CI 0.17–0.77, p = 0.002), C-reactive protein (SMD = 0.53, CI 0.20–0.86, p = 0.002), interleukin-6 (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.52, p = 0.005), fibrinogen (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.54, p = 0.007) and D-dimers (SMD = 0.54, CI 0.16–0.91, p = 0.005) were significantly higher in diabetic COVID-19 cases as compared to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, suggesting more susceptibility of diabetic COVID-19 patients to coagulation dysfunction and inflammatory storm. Though several studies have reported various inflammatory and coagulability markers such as serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen and D-dimers in relationship to disease severity and progression, much attention has to be paid to the comparisons between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 cases [6] [7] [8] . With a significant between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 64%, p < 0.0001), the random-effects model showed significantly higher levels of inflammatory and hypercoagulability markers in diabetic COVID-19 group when compared to that of non-diabetic COVID-19 group (Fig. 1 ). abstract: Coagulation dysfunction and inflammatory status were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed for the difference of inflammatory and hypercoagulability markers. The levels of serum ferritin (standardized mean difference-SMD: 0.47, CI 0.17–0.77, p = 0.002), C-reactive protein (SMD = 0.53, CI 0.20–0.86, p = 0.002), interleukin-6 (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.52, p = 0.005), fibrinogen (SMD = 0.31, CI 0.09–0.54, p = 0.007) and D-dimers (SMD = 0.54, CI 0.16–0.91, p = 0.005) were significantly higher in diabetic COVID-19 cases as compared to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, suggesting more susceptibility of diabetic COVID-19 patients to coagulation dysfunction and inflammatory storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32889620/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02270-w id: cord-326509-1cpybatu author: Varkey, Rittu S. title: Socioeconomic determinants of COVID‐19 in Asian countries: An empirical analysis date: 2020-10-23 words: 4348.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326509-1cpybatu.txt summary: The countries having larger net migration and poverty ratio need to evolve comprehensive and inclusive strategies for testing, tracing, and massive awareness for sanitary practices, social distancing, and following government regulation for management of COVID-19, besides appropriate food security measures and free provision of sanitary kits for vulnerable section. The virus being a contagious one has managed to spread insanely to other countries in no time and after leading to the death of at least 213 people in China itself and with almost 10,000 cases nationally (BBC news, January 31, 2020), the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12, 2020, declared the novel coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic. Besides people''s participation, there are several other socioeconomic factors which may strongly determine the number of COVID-19 registered cases and therefore there is an urgent need to study and identify the same mainly in Asian countries for the aforementioned reasons. abstract: The spread of coronavirus disease, 2019, has affected several countries in the world including Asian countries. The occurrences of COVID infections are uneven across countries and the same is determined by socioeconomic situations prevailing in the countries besides the preparedness and management. The paper is an attempt to empirically examine the socioeconomic determinants of the occurrence of COVID in Asian countries considering the data as of June 18, 2020, for 42 Asian countries. A multiple regression analysis in a cross‐sectional framework is specified and ordinary least square (OLS) technique with heteroscedasticity corrected robust standard error is employed to obtain regression coefficients. Explanatory variables that are highly collinear have been dropped from the analysis. The findings of the study show a positive significant association of per capita gross national income and net migration with the incidence of total COVID‐19 cases and daily new cases. The size of net migration emerged to be a potential factor and positive in determining the total and new cases of COVID. Social capital as measured by voters' turnout ratio (VTR) in order to indicate the people's participation is found to be significant and negative for daily new cases per million population. People's participation has played a very important role in checking the incidence of COVID cases and its spread. In alternate models, countries having high incidence of poverty are also having higher cases of COVID. Though the countries having higher percentage of aged populations are more prone to be affected by the spread of virus, but the sign of the coefficient of this variable for Asian country is not in the expected line. Previous year health expenditure and diabetic prevalence rate are not significant in the analysis. Therefore, people‐centric plan and making people more participatory and responsive in adhering to the social distancing norms in public and workplace and adopting preventive measures need to be focused on COVID management strategies. The countries having larger net migration and poverty ratio need to evolve comprehensive and inclusive strategies for testing, tracing, and massive awareness for sanitary practices, social distancing, and following government regulation for management of COVID‐19, besides appropriate food security measures and free provision of sanitary kits for vulnerable section. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173444/ doi: 10.1002/pa.2532 id: cord-011725-t1jl4cy1 author: Varma, Niraj title: HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date: 2020-06-11 words: 3643.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011725-t1jl4cy1.txt summary: In light of the current pandemic, monitoring strategies should focus on selecting high-risk patients in need of close surveillance and using alternative remote recording devices to preserve personal protective equipment and protect health care workers from potential contagious harm. 21-23 Virtual clinics move far beyond simple telephone contacts by integrating information from photos, video, mobile heart rhythm and mobile health devices recording ECG, and remote cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) interrogations. In the outpatient setting, a recent statement from the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) "cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems." (This does not affect FDA-approved uses for malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.) 51 Exceptions to this practice are acknowledged to occur in some regions, as these drugs have been used outside the United States without regulatory warnings. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313983/ doi: 10.1093/europace/euaa187 id: cord-312798-2cbgnv1h author: Varma, Niraj title: HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS/ACC/AHA worldwide practice update for telehealth and arrhythmia monitoring during and after a pandemic date: 2020-06-11 words: 3541.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312798-2cbgnv1h.txt summary: In light of the current pandemic, monitoring strategies should focus on selecting high-risk patients in need of close surveillance and using alternative remote recording devices to preserve personal protective equipment and protect health care workers from potential contagious harm. High-risk patients would require more continuous monitoring and follow-up QTc measurements using telemetry preferably (but if unavailable, other remote monitoring devices). In the outpatient setting, a recent statement from the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) "cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems." (This does not affect FDA-approved uses for malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.) 51 Exceptions to this practice are acknowledged to occur in some regions, as these drugs have been used outside the United States without regulatory warnings. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32534936/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.019 id: cord-340436-qiyoamek author: Varshney, Anubodh S. title: Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis date: 2020-10-26 words: 2675.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340436-qiyoamek.txt summary: title: Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Cardiovascular Therapies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: A Cross Sectional Analysis At present, a limited number of therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) via randomized controlled trial (RCT) data 2,3 . We therefore evaluated registered clinical trials of established CV therapies related to COVID-19 using the ClinicalTrials.gov database, which was established to improve monitoring and conduct of research studies 14 . ClinicalTrials.gov has the following notable findings: 1) a minority of interventional studies related to COVID-19 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov plan to evaluate CV therapies or CV specific outcomes; 2) most studies are planned to be single center, enroll less than 1000 inpatients, sponsored by European or North American academic institutions; and 3) are estimated to complete after December 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 has increased exponentially, and patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease are at risk for poor outcomes. Several lines of evidence suggest a potential role for CV therapies in COVID-19 treatment. Characteristics of clinical trials of CV therapies related to COVID-19 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov have not been described. METHODS: ClinicalTrials.gov was queried on August 7, 2020 for COVID-19 related trials. Studies evaluating established CV drugs, other fibrinolytics (defibrotide), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were included. Studies evaluating anti-microbial, convalescent plasma, non-colchicine anti-inflammatory, and other therapies were excluded. Trial characteristics were tabulated from study-specific entries. RESULTS: A total of 2,935 studies related to COVID-19 were registered as of August 7, 2020. Of these, 1,645 were interventional studies, and the final analytic cohort consisted of 114 studies evaluating 10 CV therapeutic categories. Antithrombotics (32.5%; n=37) were most commonly evaluated, followed by pulmonary vasodilators (14.0%; n=16), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system-related therapies (12.3%; n=14), and colchicine (8.8%; n=10). Trials evaluating multiple CV therapy categories and CV therapies in combination with non-CV therapies encompassed 4.4% (n=5) and 9.6% (n=11) of studies, respectively. Most studies were designed for randomized allocation (87.7%; n=100), enrollment of less than 1000 participants (86.8%; n=99), single site implementation (55.3%; n=63), and had a primary outcome of mortality or a composite including mortality (56.1%; n=64). Most study populations consisted of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (81.6%; n=93). At the time of database query, 28.9% (n=33) of studies were not yet recruiting and the majority were estimated to be completed after December 2020 (67.8%; n=78). Most lead sponsors were located in North America (43.9%; n=50) or Europe (36.0%; n=41). CONCLUSIONS: A minority (7%) of clinical trials related to COVID-19 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov plan to evaluate CV therapies. Of CV therapy studies, most were planned to be single center, enroll less than 1000 inpatients, sponsored by European or North American academic institutions, and estimated to complete after December 2020. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for a network of sites with a platform protocol for rapid evaluation of multiple therapies and generalizability to inform clinical care and health policy for COVID-19 moving forward. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002870320303513 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.10.065 id: cord-340937-6mpob1nx author: Varshney, Mohit title: Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian Community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey date: 2020-05-29 words: 3662.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340937-6mpob1nx.txt summary: The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Event–revised (IES-R) scale. The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Eventrevised (IES-R) scale. The current study investigated the initial psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak in Indian population. Despite the limitations, this study provides the first cross-sectional data on actual level of psychological impact among Indian community; and how mental health of people is affected during a pandemic of this nature. Our survey is one of the first mental health related data from India, during the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic and indicated that a significant proportion of them have had a psychological impact during the crisis. abstract: BACKGROUND: The pandemic of Corona Virus (COVID-19) hit India recently; and the associated uncertainty is increasingly testing psychological resilience of the masses. When the global focus has mostly been on testing, finding a cure and preventing transmission; people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the current lifestyles and fear of the disease. Since there is a severe dearth of researches on this issue, we decided to conduct an online survey to evaluate its psychological impact. METHODS: From 26(th) to 29(th) March an online survey (FEEL-COVID) was conducted using principles of snowballing, and by invitation through text messages to participate. The survey collected data on socio-demographic and clinical variables related to COVID-19 (based on the current knowledge); along with measuring psychological impact with the help of Impact of Event–revised (IES-R) scale. RESULTS: There were a total of 1106 responses from around 64 cities in the country. Out of these 453 responses had at least one item missing; and were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of the respondents was around 41 years with a male female ratio of 3:1 and around 22% respondents were health care professionals. Overall approximately one third of respondents had significant psychological impact (IES-R score > 24). Higher psychological impact was predicted with younger age, female gender and comorbid physical illness. Presence of physical symptoms and contact history predicted higher psychological impact, but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: During the initial stages of COVID-19 in India, almost one-third respondents had a significant psychological impact. This indicates a need for more systematic and longitudinal assessment of psychological needs of the population, which can help the government in formulating holistic interventions for affected individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470088/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233874 id: cord-294685-rhhx5gcg author: Vasantha Raju, N. title: Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database date: 2020-06-09 words: 2181.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294685-rhhx5gcg.txt summary: title: Indian Publications on SARS-CoV-2: A Bibliometric Study of WHO COVID-19 Database The present study analyzed 89 Indian publications on SARS-CoV-2 accessible through WHO COVID-19 database. The study used World Health organization ( For current study the researcher used the following keywords to retrieve data on Indian Publication from WHO COVID-19 database. The study analyzed the date-wise Indian publication pattern on COVID-19, most profile authors, institutions with highest publications, states with highest publication based corresponding authors state affiliation, top journals in which Indians have published their publications frequently and document type and research area, author keywords tree map analysis and highly cited COVID-19 documents of Indian authors. Bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on Coronavirus (COVID-19) Current Status of Global Research on Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Bibliometric Analysis and Knowledge Mapping (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3547824) abstract: Nowadays, the whole World is under threat of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many fatalities and forced scientific communities to foster their Research and Development (R & D) activities. As a result, there is an enormous growth of scholarly literature on the subject. In order to combat this novel coronavirus, the open access to scientific literature is essential. On this line, many reputed academic institutions and publication firms have made their literature on COVID-19 accessible to all. By maintaining the database of updated information on global literature on Coronavirus disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) is playing a pivotal role. The present study analyzed 89 Indian publications on SARS-CoV-2 accessible through WHO COVID-19 database. The research data was restricted for the period of 2/3/2020 to 12/5/2020. The analysis was carried out in light of the objectives of the study. The study found the considerable and constant growth of Indian publications on COVID-19 from mid-April. It is interesting to note that the prolific authors belong to either AIIMS or ICMR institutes. Majority of the COVID-19 articles were found to be collaborative publications. The study noticed that no research publications on COVID-19 have appeared from North Eastern region. Regarding the research output on COVID-19, the performance of largest states like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar was found to be poor. Delhi state contributed highest publications on COVID-19. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi was the most productive institution in terms of publications. It is also important to note that the central government undertakings like AIIMS and ICMR, New Delhi and its affiliated institutions shared largest proportion of publications on COVID-19. The Indian Journal of Medical Research has emerged as the productive journal contributing highest number of the publications. The highest contribution in COVID-19 research takes the form of journal articles. In terms of research area, the majority of the publications were related to Epidemiology. The study reported covid, coronavirus, India, pandemic, sars etc. as the frequently occurred keywords in the COVID-19 publications. The highly cited publications were of evidenced based studies. It is observed that the studies pertaining to virology, diagnosis and treatment, clinical features etc. have received highest citations than general studies on epidemiology or pandemic url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.08.20125518v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125518 id: cord-254591-z9rfwm1g author: Vasconcelos, G. L. title: Modelling the epidemic growth of preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-09 words: 4863.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254591-z9rfwm1g.txt summary: The response of the scientific community to the global health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has produced an unprecedented number of manuscripts in a short period of time, the vast majority of which has been shared in the form of preprints posted before peer review on preprint repositories. In the present study we apply a mathematical growth model, known as the generalized Richards model, to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of COVID-19 related preprints. We also analyze the rank-frequency distribution of preprints servers, ordered by the number of COVID-19 preprints they host, and find that it follows a power-law decay. We have seen above that the time evolution of the number of COVID-19 related preprints is well described by the generalized Richards growth model. To better understand this "scidemic," we have applied a generalized logistic growth model to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of unrefereed preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV2. abstract: The response of the scientific community to the global health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has produced an unprecedented number of manuscripts in a short period of time, the vast majority of which has been shared in the form of preprints posted before peer review on preprint repositories. This surge in preprint publications has in itself attracted considerable attention, although mostly in the bibliometric literature. In the present study we apply a mathematical growth model, known as the generalized Richards model, to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of COVID-19 related preprints. This mathematical approach allows us to infer several important aspects concerning the underlying growth dynamics, such as its current stage and its possible evolution in the near future. We also analyze the rank-frequency distribution of preprints servers, ordered by the number of COVID-19 preprints they host, and find that it follows a power-law decay. This Zipf-like law indicates the presence of a cumulative advantage effect, whereby servers that already have more preprints receive more submissions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.08.20190470 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190470 id: cord-259106-nrg1960d author: Vasquez-Chavesta, Angie Z. title: COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge date: 2020-06-26 words: 950.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259106-nrg1960d.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge COVID-19 and dengue: Pushing the peruvian health care system over the edge Dear Editor, On February 25, 2020, the first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Latin America (LA). At the end of the epidemiological week 24 (EW24), June 13, MINSA reported a total of 225,132 cases, 10,342 hospitalized patients, 1113 in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and 6498 deaths. Therefore, the healthcare management of patients with any of these diseases represents a real challenge (and we cannot rule out that the Table 1 New and cumulative cases/deaths for dengue and COVID-19, according to epidemiological week. Mortality data (daily and cumulative) for COVID-19 was obtained using the Health Situation Dashboard: COVID-19 Perú (https://covid19.minsa.gob.pe/sala_situacional. COVID-19 and dengue, co-epidemics in Ecuador and other countries in Latin America: pushing strained health care systems over the edge abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101808 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101808 id: cord-326881-3j2e92dj author: Vassallo, M. title: Patients with Covid-19 exhibit different immunological profiles according to their clinical presentation date: 2020-09-28 words: 2385.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326881-3j2e92dj.txt summary: Conclusions In a population of elderly patients recently infected with Covid-19, CD10 + B cell levels were inversely correlated with clinical severity. However, clinical expression of Covid-19 is extremely variable, with, in some cases, asymptomatic or mild forms [15] , while in other subjects severe forms culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been described, requiring patients to be transferred to Intensive Care Units. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the immunological profile of patients at early stages of Covid-19 in order to identify potential risk factors for subsequent clinical deterioration. We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study on patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department in Cannes General Hospital, from March to May 2020, with confirmed Covid-19 infection. In a population of elderly patients at a very early stage of Covid-19, we found that levels of CD10+ B lymphocyte cells were predictive of the clinical severity. abstract: Objectives A novel beta coronavirus has been identified as responsible for the 2019 coronavirus infection (Covid-19). Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome with fatal outcome. Such a broad spectrum of disease expression calls for an investigation of immune response characteristics. Methods We identified subjects admitted for Covid-19 in whom a large panel of immunological markers were measured, including B- and T- and NK-lymphocyte phenotypes, T-lymphocyte subpopulation cells and plasma cytokines. Patients were divided according to symptom severity during hospitalisation, in those with uncomplicated and complicated infection. Differences between groups were analyzed. Results Seventeen patients were included (mean age: 83 years; 9 women; mean delay of symptoms onset: 4 days). Six had uncomplicated infection, while 11 developed complicated forms during the hospitalization. CD10 + B lymphocyte levels were inversely correlated with clinical severity (5.8% vs 2.0%, p = 0.04) and CD10+ levels above 3% were independently associated with uncomplicated forms [Odds Ratio 0.04 (CI 0.002-0.795, p = 0.034)]. TNF-alpha, IL-1, Il-6 and Il-8 measurements upon admission differed between patients who died and those who survived (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Conclusions In a population of elderly patients recently infected with Covid-19, CD10 + B cell levels were inversely correlated with clinical severity. Cytokine values upon admission were highly predictive of fatal outcome during hospitalisation. These findings could explain differences in the clinical presentation and allow rapid identification of patients at risk for complications. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971220321548 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1438 id: cord-287508-133inel2 author: Vasudevan, Rajiv S. title: Persistent Value of the Stethoscope in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 3738.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287508-133inel2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287508-133inel2.txt summary: • Stethoscopes are clinically valuable and integral to the doctor-patient connection; • Technological advancement will augment the utility of the stethoscope; • The stethoscope has high utility for assessment of COVID-19 patients; • Pathogen contamination in light of COVID-19 is a concern for the stethoscope; • Innovations in stethoscope hygiene will allow safe auscultation. During times of increased concern about contamination and spread of infections, physicians may opt to forgo their stethoscopes due to a lack of clear guidance on cleaning, lack of access to proper hygiene materials, or inconvenience with current personal protective equipment guidelines. Rather than forgoing a tool that might be useful in the prognostication of infected patients with cardiopulmonary abnormalities, it is important that novel hygienic and technological interventions be investigated to allow safe usage of the stethoscope. Advances in stethoscope technology will improve the auscultatory capabilities of health care workers and allow less contact with patients in transmission-based precautions. abstract: The stethoscope has long been at the center of patient care as well as a symbol of the physician-patient relationship. While advancements in other diagnostic modalities have allowed for more efficient and accurate diagnosis, the stethoscope has evolved in parallel to address the needs of the modern era of medicine. These advancements include sound visualization, ambient noise reduction/cancellation, Bluetooth™ transmission, and computer algorithm diagnostic support. However, despite these advancements, the ever-changing climate of infection prevention, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, has led many to question the stethoscope as a vector for infectious diseases. Stethoscopes have been reported to harbor bacteria with contamination levels comparable to a physician's hand. Although disinfection is recommended, stethoscope hygiene compliance remains low. In addition, disinfectants may not be completely effective in eliminating microorganisms. Despite these risks, the growing technological integration with the stethoscope continues to make it a highly valuable tool. Rather than casting our valuable tool and symbol of medicine aside, we must create and implement an effective method of stethoscope hygiene to keep patients safe. • Stethoscopes are clinically valuable and integral to the doctor-patient connection; • Technological advancement will augment the utility of the stethoscope; • The stethoscope has high utility for assessment of COVID-19 patients; • Pathogen contamination in light of COVID-19 is a concern for the stethoscope; • Innovations in stethoscope hygiene will allow safe auscultation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002934320305088?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.018 id: cord-352382-mazwgsbc author: Vavassori, Andrea title: Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group date: 2020-05-08 words: 1444.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352382-mazwgsbc.txt summary: title: Practical indications for management of patients candidate to Interventional and Intraoperative Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy, IORT) during COVID-19 pandemic – A document endorsed by AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) Interventional Radiotherapy Working Group 2 Interventional Radiation Therapy (IRT, Brachytherapy, BT) and IntraOperative Radiotherapy (IORT) represent potentially life-saving treatment options in different oncological clinical settings with indications shared in multidisciplinary contexts following international guidelines or trial protocols. 7 It is also recommended to limit access to patients and their relatives or accompanying persons: -offering IRT or IORT, if available and whenever possible, -encouraging high hypofractionation, where indicated, -postponing treatments of certain oncological diseases according to clinical judgement, -in palliative setting it might be useful to optimize medical symptomatic treatments, if judged to be of similar efficacy, -postponing treatment for benign diseases, -considering hormonal or cytotoxic therapy in selected cases for further deferral of radiotherapy, -allowing only one accompanying person per patient, whenever possible, -considering dedicated "COVID+ interventional radiotherapy pathway". abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.040 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.040 id: cord-274182-7z2tb0ll author: Veerabathini, Bala C title: An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection date: 2020-08-31 words: 1883.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274182-7z2tb0ll.txt summary: title: An Unusual Case of Moraxella osleonsis Bacteremia in an Immunocompetent Patient With SARS-CoV-2 Infection We report a case of an immunocompetent 59-year-old male with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed M.osleonsis bacteremia. While the specific mechanisms are not fully understood, it is becoming more evident that a SARS-CoV-2 infection may be making humans more susceptible to various systemic diseases, including the possibility of causing rare bacteremia. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functional exhaustion may explain the reason why the patient in that case report presented with recurrent bacteremia and multi-organ infection. According to current literature, the level of peripheral Tregs is significantly reduced in severely affected COVID-19 patients compared to mild disease. Based on the currently published data, this is the first reported case of M.osleonsis bacteremia in a COVID-19 positive patient. This raises the question of whether the presence of a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (or the presence of current COVID-19 antigen positivity) creates an immunocompromised state that predisposes patients to bacteremia. abstract: Moraxella osleonsis (M.osleonsis ) is an organism that rarely presents with bacteremia in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of an immunocompetent 59-year-old male with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection that developed M.osleonsis bacteremia. We believe that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have played a role in developing M.osleonsis bacteremia in this patient and may be one of the first reported cases of such bacteremia in a COVID-19 patient. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10154 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10154 id: cord-264287-lq4awi0i author: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title: The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 words: 1766.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264287-lq4awi0i.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health‐care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon‐skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. 18 We emphasize that treatment decisions should be individualized, and made jointly between the patient, family, and health-care provider, considering any geographic or institution specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. Comprehensive standard of care for patients with DBMD and other muscular dystrophies includes periodic assessments to monitor pulmonary, cardiac, and bone health, as well as side effects from medications or treatments. 24 Due to the uncertain benefits, and the potential risks to skeletal and cardiac muscle, hydroxychloroquine is not recommended for patients with DBMD. The care of patients with Duchenne, Becker, and other muscular dystrophies in the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in the reorganization of health‐care settings affecting clinical care delivery to patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) as well as other inherited muscular dystrophies. The magnitude of the impact of this public health emergency on the care of patients with DBMD is unclear as they are suspected of having an increased risk for severe manifestations of COVID‐19. In this article, the authors discuss their consensus recommendations pertaining to care of these patients during the pandemic. We address issues surrounding corticosteroid and exon‐skipping treatments, cardiac medications, hydroxychloroquine use, emergency/respiratory care, rehabilitation management, and the conduct of clinical trials. We highlight the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and health‐care provider, considering any geographic or institution‐specific policies and precautions for COVID‐19. We advocate for continuing multidisciplinary care for these patients using telehealth. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32329920/ doi: 10.1002/mus.26902 id: cord-336735-pk7sx81r author: Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan title: Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID‐19 pandemic era date: 2020-05-03 words: 1422.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336735-pk7sx81r.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in reorganization of healthcare settings affecting the delivery of clinical care to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). 9 Currently available US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), nusinersen and onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, [10] [11] [12] are life altering and are reshaping the natural history of the disease, resulting in improved survival and motor function. 16, [18] [19] [20] We emphasize that treatment decisions should be individualized and made cohesively between the patient, family, and healthcare provider, taking into account any geographicor institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19. 9 We continue to recommend urgent evaluation of infants with SMA identified by NBS with rapid initiation of treatment while following the regional and institutional policies pertaining to the public health emergency and maximizing the safety of patients and caregivers. Clinical evidence supporting early treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy: current perspectives Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID-19 pandemic era abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in reorganization of healthcare settings affecting the delivery of clinical care to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is a concern that patients with SMA may be at increased risk of manifesting severe symptoms of COVID‐19. Currently approved therapies for SMA improve survival and motor function; however, their delivery requires an increased exposure to the health system and a dedicated healthcare team. In this study, we discuss consensus recommendations pertaining to care of SMA patients during the pandemic. We highlight that SMA treatments should not be perceived as elective. Decisions regarding the delay of treatments should be made with consideration of the potential risks of COVID‐19 exposure and the risk of that delay. We emphasize the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and healthcare provider, considering any geographic‐ or institution‐specific policies and precautions for COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32329921/ doi: 10.1002/mus.26903 id: cord-295516-hgqwef94 author: Veerasuri, S. title: Impact of COVID-19 on UK radiology training: a questionnaire study date: 2020-08-12 words: 4414.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295516-hgqwef94.txt summary: The objectives were to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, training, and trainee well-being, with the overarching aim of reporting key learning points from this experience, which could inform future planning by radiology schools in the event of a second-wave of COVID-19 or future pandemics. When asked about how COVID-19 and its related effects had impacted on trainee well-being, 48% (14/29) reported experiencing a worsening in their overall well-being compared to before the pandemic, but 45% (13/29) reported no change in their wellbeing and 7% (2/29) reported feeling better during this time. To the authors'' knowledge, this is the first survey assessing the impact of COVID-19 on radiology trainee experience and well-being during this pandemic in the UK. Freeing up of resources in anticipation of a large workload generated by COVID-19 coupled with a reduction in numbers of acute and elective examinations, has meant that there has been more time during the working week to potentially be used for teaching within radiology departments. abstract: Abstract Aim To understand the impact of COVID-19 on radiology trainee experience and well-being. Materials and methods A questionnaire designed to capture the impact of COVID-19 on radiology training, working patterns, and well-being was sent to all speciality trainees in a regional UK radiology school. The survey was distributed at the beginning of May 2020 and responses collected over 2 weeks. Trainees were questioned about changes that had occurred over a time period starting at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. All survey responses (n=29) were anonymised and the results were subsequently analysed. Results Sixty-two percent (29 of 47) of trainees within the deanery, who were spread across seven different hospital sites, responded to the questionnaire. All trainees felt that overall radiology workload had decreased in response to COVID-19. Seventy-two percent (21/29) stated that their workload had significantly decreased. Seventy percent (19/27) reported decreased subspecialty experience, and 19% (5/27) reported a complete lack of subspecialty training. Twenty-four percent (7/29) of trainees were redeployed from radiology to clinical ward-based work. Forty-eight percent reported experiencing a worsening in their well-being compared to before the pandemic. Conclusion The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on training and well-being. Lessons learnt from this report should help prepare for a second-wave of COVID-19 or future pandemics. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0009926020303081 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.022 id: cord-346721-l6y3n21b author: Vega, Marisa title: From the Trenches: Inpatient Management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy date: 2020-06-15 words: 1439.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346721-l6y3n21b.txt summary: Our goal is to share our experiences of caring for pregnant and postpartum women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, the COVID-19 epicenter in the United States and review current guidelines. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread dramatically 22 around the world, but there has been little evidence-based data to guide clinical management 23 of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 , and even less on the management of 24 obstetric patients. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-451 19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A 477 meta-analysis In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design 484 of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 485 (SARS-CoV-2) Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the 503 Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 abstract: ABSTRACT The novel coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a pandemic. It has quickly swept across the globe leaving many clinicians to care for infected patients with limited information about the disease and best practices for care. Our goal is to share our experiences of caring for pregnant and postpartum women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, the COVID-19 epicenter in the United States and review current guidelines. We offer a guide, focusing on inpatient management, including testing policies, admission criteria, medical management, care for the decompensating patient, as well as practical tips for inpatient antepartum service management. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589933320300987?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100154 id: cord-303054-s1clwunc author: Velly, Lionel title: Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 9239.0 sentences: 471.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303054-s1clwunc.txt summary: Operating theatre 12 R1.3.1 -Experts suggest that healthcare professionals involved in airway management (intubation, extubation, supraglottic airway insertion and/or removal…), or those who could be brought to do so in some given situations, wear a fit tested respirator mask (Respirator N95 or FFP2 standard, or equivalent) in addition to a disposable face shield or at least, in the absence of the latter, safety goggles, regardless of the patient''s COVID-19 status (Table 1) The presence of major (i.e., very frequent or relatively characteristic) and/or minor (i.e. more inconsistent and/or less specific) symptoms allows to orient the preoperative COVID-19 status assessment, and then to estimate the benefit/risk balance of maintaining or postponing the surgery, taking into account the risk of contamination of health personnel and others patients within the care structure. abstract: ABSTRACT Objectives: The world is currently facing an unprecedented healthcare crisis caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of these guidelines is to produce a framework to facilitate the partial and gradual resumption of intervention activity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The group has endeavoured to produce a minimum number of recommendations to highlight the strengths to be retained in the 7 predefined areas: (1) Protection of staff and patients; (2) Benefit/Risk and Patient Information; (3) Pre-operative assessment and decision on intervention; (4) Modalities of the pre-anaesthesia consultation; (5) Specificity of anaesthesia and analgesia; (6) Dedicated circuits and (7) Containment Exit Type of Interventions. Results: The SFAR Guideline panel provides 51 statements on anaesthesia management in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. After one round of discussion and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached for 100% of the recommendations and algorithms. Conclusion: We present suggestions for how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists can be minimised and how personal protective equipment policies relate to COVID-19 pandemic context url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.012 id: cord-346185-qmu1mrmx author: Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel Arias title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression date: 2020-05-22 words: 1122.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346185-qmu1mrmx.txt summary: title: Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with Reduced-space Gaussian process regression In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. able on the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University [6] , the available data analyzed is considered between January 21 th 2020 and April 39 12 th 2020, included, with a feedback process in a neural network applied; it allows 40 to examined the information in real time in each state, at Fig. 1 • . abstract: In this report, we analyze historical and forecast infections for COVID-19 death based on Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression associated to chaotic Dynamical Systems with information obtained in 82 days with continuous learning, day by day, from January 21(th), 2020 to April 12(th). According last results, COVID-19 could be predicted with Gaussian models mean-field models can be meaning- fully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, with infections, fatality and recovery rate. The forecast places the peak in USA around July 14(th) 2020, with a peak number of 132,074 death with infected individuals of about 1,157,796 and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 132,800. Late on January, USA confirmed the first patient with COVID-19, who had recently traveled to China, however, an evaluation of states in USA have demonstrated a fatality rate in China (4%) is lower than New York (4.56%), but lower than Michigan (5.69%). Mean estimates and uncertainty bounds for both USA and his cities and other provinces have increased in the last three months, with focus on New York, New Jersey, Michigan, California, Massachusetts,... (January e April 12(th)). Besides, we propose a Reduced-Space Gaussian Process Regression model predicts that the epidemic will reach saturation in USA on July 2020. Our findings suggest, new quarantine actions with more restrictions for containment strategies implemented in USA could be successfully, but in a late period, it could generate critical rate infections and death for the next 2 month. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501372/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109924 id: cord-352786-wxwjlvmb author: Vendrik, J. title: The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 872.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352786-wxwjlvmb.txt summary: de Vries concludes that, although further research on the influence of bloodpressure-lowering drugs, including those not targeting the renin-angiotensin system, is warranted, there are presently no compelling clinical data showing that ACEIs and ARBs increase the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 or worsen the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The authors describe the results from a telematic survey for all Latin American countries, showing a significant reduction in cardiac care activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a significant reduction in care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Netherlands Heart Journal: special issue on COVID-19 STEMI-associated mortality and morbidity, they state that healthcare providers must find a way to alert and inform patients about the suspected symptoms of STEMI, and emphasise the need for patients to call for emergency care, in order to ensure a timely diagnosis and reperfusion treatment. We hope that the readers of this journal find this information valuable for their care of cardiac patients in these unusual circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on how to provide cardiac rehabilitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01482-2 doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01482-2 id: cord-138978-hfmgc5ve author: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title: Mood of India During Covid-19 -- An Interactive Web Portal Based on Emotion Analysis of Twitter Data date: 2020-05-06 words: 4508.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-138978-hfmgc5ve.txt summary: The tweets posted on twitter related to Covid-19 are analysed and classified into one of the seven categories that include six emotions -Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Surprise, Fear and Disgust [Ekman (1992) ], and Neutral category, which are visualized on India Map based on the location from which the tweets have been posted. When the portal is visited on any specific day, emotions of the country from 14 March,2020 to the present day are loaded by default based on twitter data during the range, as shown in Figure 2 Table 2 depicts the number of tweets classified into each of the seven categories, for every state and union territory of India, along with Covid-19 statistics in the corresponding regions during March 14, 2020 to May 6, 2020. Considering the importance of understanding public emotions and the affects on psychological state of people during a crisis, in this paper, we present a web portal to identify the mood of India during the current Covid-19 pandemic. abstract: The severe outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has affected many countries across the world, and disrupted the day to day activities of many people. During such outbreaks, understanding the emotional state of citizens of a country could be of interest to various organizations to carry out tasks and to take necessary measures. Several studies have been performed on data available on various social media platforms and websites to understand the emotions of people against many events, inclusive of Covid-19, across the world. Twitter and other social media platforms have been bridging the gap between the citizens and government in various countries and are of more prominence in India. Sentiment Analysis of posts on twitter is observed to accurately reveal the sentiments. Analysing real time posts on twitter in India during Covid-19, could help in identifying the mood of the nation. However, most of the existing studies related to Covid-19, on twitter and other social media platforms are performed on data posted during a specific interval. We are not aware of any research that identifies emotional state of India on a daily basis. Hence, we present a web portal that aims to display mood of India during Covid-19, based on real time twitter data. This portal also enables users to select date range, specific date and state in India to display mood of people belonging to the specified region, on the specified date or during the specified date range. Also, the number of Covid-19 cases and mood of people at specific cities and states on specific dates is visualized on the country map. As of May 6 2020, the web portal has about 194370 tweets, and each of these tweets are classified into seven categories that include six basic emotions and a neutral category. A list of Trigger Events are also specified, to allow users to view the mood of India on specific events happening in the country during Covid-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.02955v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-140847-d6w8fu3b author: Venigalla, Akhila Sri Manasa title: SurviveCovid-19 -- A Game for Improving Awareness of Social Distancing and Health Measures for Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 4079.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-140847-d6w8fu3b.txt summary: In spite of the large scale public health awareness programs being carried out, we are not aware of any mobile games that are aimed to educate people about the safety measures to be taken against Covid-19. Thus, we propose SurviveCovid-19, a survival theme based 2D mobile game, with an aim to educate players about various safety measures to be followed against Covid-19 when in outdoors. Hence, we present SurviveCovid-19, a survival based 2D game, aimed to educate users about various safety measures to be followed against Covid-19 pandemic. SurviveCovid-19 has been developed to educate public about safety measures to be taken to control Covid-19 pandemic, as an Android based mobile game. In this paper, we presented the prototype version of SurviveCovid-19, a survival based 2D mobile game 8 , aimed to bring awareness about safety measures to be followed against Covid-19. abstract: Pandemics have threatened human race many a times. One of the most important tasks during a pandemic is to bring awareness among people. Bringing awareness contributes a lot in controlling any pandemic. Covid-19 has been causing severe loss to the human race. Considering the mode of spread and the level of severity of this disease, it is extremely important to make people aware of various safety precautions such as using sanitizers and masks and maintaining social distancing, that are to be followed to prevent the disease and break the chain of spread. This mode of educating individuals about the disease is being widely carried out as announcements through online or physical awareness campaigns, advertisements in the media and so on. The younger generations in the present day spend considerably more time on mobile phones and games. However, there are very few mobile applications or games, aimed to bring awareness about a pandemic, which is much lesser in case of Covid-19. Also, considering the lockdown scenario across the world, games also act as a good pass time indoors. Hence, we propose a 2D survival based game, SurviveCovid-19, aimed to educate people about safety precautions to be taken for Covid-19 outside their homes, by incorporating social distancing and usage of masks and sanitizers in the game. SurviveCovid-19 has been designed as an Android based mobile game and has been evaluated through a remote qualitative user survey, with 20 volunteers. The results of the survey are promising with all the questions of survey having mean value greater than 3.6. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.09759v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-334300-hnrmaytm author: Ventura Fernandes, Bianca H title: Zebrafish studies on the vaccine candidate to COVID-19, the Spike protein: Production of antibody and adverse reaction date: 2020-10-20 words: 1799.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334300-hnrmaytm.txt summary: Establishing new experimental animal models to assess the safety and immune response to the antigen used in the development of COVID-19 vaccine is an imperative issue. Based on the advantages of using zebrafish as a model in research, herein we suggest doing this to test the safety of the putative vaccine candidates and to study immune response against the virus. Based on the in vivo and in silico results presented here, we propose the zebrafish as a model for translational research into the safety of the vaccine and the immune response of the vertebrate organism to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 169 In the global task to develop the vaccine and possible therapeutic approaches for 170 COVID-19, several animal models have been proposed, such as mice 10 , hACE2 171 transgenic mice 11 , alpaca 12 , golden Syrian hamsters, ferrets, dogs, pigs, chickens, and 172 cats 9 , and species of non-human primates 10 . abstract: Establishing new experimental animal models to assess the safety and immune response to the antigen used in the development of COVID-19 vaccine is an imperative issue. Based on the advantages of using zebrafish as a model in research, herein we suggest doing this to test the safety of the putative vaccine candidates and to study immune response against the virus. We produced a recombinant N-terminal fraction of the Spike SARS-CoV-2 protein and injected it into adult female zebrafish. The specimens generated humoral immunity and passed the antibodies to the eggs. However, they presented adverse reactions and inflammatory responses similar to severe cases of human COVID-19. The analysis of the structure and function of zebrafish and human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the main human receptor for virus infection, presented remarkable sequence similarities. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis predicted protein-protein interaction of the Spike SARS-CoV-2 fragment and the Toll-like receptor pathway. It might help in the choice of future therapeutic pharmaceutical drugs to be studied. Based on the in vivo and in silico results presented here, we propose the zebrafish as a model for translational research into the safety of the vaccine and the immune response of the vertebrate organism to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.20.346262 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.20.346262 id: cord-280821-kc0ut4oy author: Venturini, Elisabetta title: Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease date: 2020-09-24 words: 5481.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280821-kc0ut4oy.txt summary: The Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases steering and scientific committee developed a position paper on treatment of children with COVID-19, reviewing the current literature on this topic and providing indications based on the available literature data. Currently, American guidelines on COVID-19 treatment published in May 2020, recommend both in children and adults to use lopinavir/ritonavir only in the context of clinical trials, given the lack of effectiveness reported now in literature [9, 12] . The latest Chinese guidelines on SARS-Cov-2 pneumoniae do not recommend the use of a specific antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, and nevertheless include lopinavir/ritonavir among the available therapeutic options for hospitalized patients [29] . In May 2020, following an assessment of the emergency use authorization criteria and available scientific evidence, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization allowing for the administration of remdesivir intravenously by health care providers for the treatment of COVID-19 suspected or laboratoryconfirmed in adults and pediatric patients hospitalized with severe disease [34] . abstract: A statement of consensus was formulated after reviewing available literature on pediatric treatment strategies for COVID-19 by the Steering and Scientific Committee of the Italian Society of Infectious Pediatric Diseases in connection with the Italian Society of Paediatrics. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00900-w doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00900-w id: cord-275004-qzg03dvg author: Veras, Flavio Protasio title: SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology date: 2020-09-14 words: 6380.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275004-qzg03dvg.txt summary: The concentration of NETs was augmented in plasma, tracheal aspirate, and lung autopsies tissues from COVID-19 patients, and their neutrophils released higher levels of NETs. Notably, we found that viable SARS-CoV-2 can directly induce the release of NETs by healthy neutrophils. The well-known similarities between sepsis and key events involved in the COVID-19 pathophysiology, such as cytokine overproduction (Mehta et al., 2020) , microthrombosis (Magro et al., 2020; Dolhnikoff et al., 2020) , and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Lai et al., 2020) , led us to hypothesize that NETs are triggered during SARS-CoV-2 infection and might contribute to tissue injury in COVID-19 patients. In summary, in the present study, we demonstrated that in COVID-19 patients, circulating and lung-infiltrating neutrophils are releasing higher levels of NETs. We also showed that SARS-CoV-2 directly stimulates neutrophils to release NETs in mechanisms dependent on ACE2 and serine protease activity axis and effective viral replication. abstract: Severe COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome that may progress to cytokine storm syndrome, organ dysfunction, and death. Considering that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as important mediators of tissue damage in inflammatory diseases, we investigated whether NETs would be involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology. A cohort of 32 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and healthy controls were enrolled. The concentration of NETs was augmented in plasma, tracheal aspirate, and lung autopsies tissues from COVID-19 patients, and their neutrophils released higher levels of NETs. Notably, we found that viable SARS-CoV-2 can directly induce the release of NETs by healthy neutrophils. Mechanistically, NETs triggered by SARS-CoV-2 depend on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, serine protease, virus replication, and PAD-4. Finally, NETs released by SARS-CoV-2–activated neutrophils promote lung epithelial cell death in vitro. These results unravel a possible detrimental role of NETs in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Therefore, the inhibition of NETs represents a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201129 doi: 10.1084/jem.20201129 id: cord-199863-5j01k5v6 author: Verenich, Edward title: Improving Explainability of Image Classification in Scenarios with Class Overlap: Application to COVID-19 and Pneumonia date: 2020-08-06 words: 3393.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-199863-5j01k5v6.txt summary: We propose a method based on binary expert networks that enhances the explainability of image classifications through better localization by mitigating the model uncertainty induced by class overlap. The standard approach in deep learning to reduce uncertainty is to provide more training data to the model, which is not always possible and primarily addresses model uncertainty Fig. 1 : The left and center images show significant overlap in the class activation maps computed by the binary classifiers for carwheels and cars, respectively. At the heart of our approach is the use of class activation maps (CAMs) for improved localization of the regions responsible for the image being in a specific class (e.g. COVID-19) as opposed to some other overlapping class (pneumonia). Our results show that training per-class binary CNN models and applying our new kernel function on their class activation maps can extract and better localize objects from overlapping classes. abstract: Trust in predictions made by machine learning models is increased if the model generalizes well on previously unseen samples and when inference is accompanied by cogent explanations of the reasoning behind predictions. In the image classification domain, generalization can be assessed through accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Explainability can be assessed by how well the model localizes the object of interest within an image. However, both generalization and explainability through localization are degraded in scenarios with significant overlap between classes. We propose a method based on binary expert networks that enhances the explainability of image classifications through better localization by mitigating the model uncertainty induced by class overlap. Our technique performs discriminative localization on images that contain features with significant class overlap, without explicitly training for localization. Our method is particularly promising in real-world class overlap scenarios, such as COVID-19 and pneumonia, where expertly labeled data for localization is not readily available. This can be useful for early, rapid, and trustworthy screening for COVID-19. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.02866v3.pdf doi: nan id: cord-314837-5nnlyavp author: Verhagen, Mark D. title: Forecasting spatial, socioeconomic and demographic variation in COVID-19 health care demand in England and Wales date: 2020-06-29 words: 4146.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314837-5nnlyavp.txt summary: METHODS: Combining census estimates and hospital capacity data from ONS and NHS at the Administrative Region, Ceremonial County (CC), Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) and Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) level from England and Wales, we calculate the number of individuals at risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Combining multiple sources, we produce geospatial risk maps on an online dashboard that dynamically illustrate how the pre-crisis health system capacity matches local variations in hospitalization risk related to age, social deprivation, population density and ethnicity, also adjusting for the overall infection rate and hospital capacity. Static maps are shown in this study, with an online companion dashboard available (https://covid19.demographicscience.ox.ac.uk/demrisk), that allows users and policy-makers to examine different geographic levels (region, CC, CCG, LSOA) and adapt estimates by the overall infection rate and hospital capacity relative to normal circumstances. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 poses one of the most profound public health crises for a hundred years. As of mid-May 2020, across the world, almost 300,000 deaths and over 4 million confirmed cases were registered. Reaching over 30,000 deaths by early May, the UK had the highest number of recorded deaths in Europe, second in the world only to the USA. Hospitalization and death from COVID-19 have been linked to demographic and socioeconomic variation. Since this varies strongly by location, there is an urgent need to analyse the mismatch between health care demand and supply at the local level. As lockdown measures ease, reinfection may vary by area, necessitating a real-time tool for local and regional authorities to anticipate demand. METHODS: Combining census estimates and hospital capacity data from ONS and NHS at the Administrative Region, Ceremonial County (CC), Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) and Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) level from England and Wales, we calculate the number of individuals at risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Combining multiple sources, we produce geospatial risk maps on an online dashboard that dynamically illustrate how the pre-crisis health system capacity matches local variations in hospitalization risk related to age, social deprivation, population density and ethnicity, also adjusting for the overall infection rate and hospital capacity. RESULTS: By providing fine-grained estimates of expected hospitalization, we identify areas that face higher disproportionate health care burdens due to COVID-19, with respect to pre-crisis levels of hospital bed capacity. Including additional risks beyond age-composition of the area such as social deprivation, race/ethnic composition and population density offers a further nuanced identification of areas with disproportionate health care demands. CONCLUSIONS: Areas face disproportionate risks for COVID-19 hospitalization pressures due to their socioeconomic differences and the demographic composition of their populations. Our flexible online dashboard allows policy-makers and health officials to monitor and evaluate potential health care demand at a granular level as the infection rate and hospital capacity changes throughout the course of this pandemic. This agile knowledge is invaluable to tackle the enormous logistical challenges to re-allocate resources and target susceptible areas for aggressive testing and tracing to mitigate transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01646-2 doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01646-2 id: cord-261711-nmmz9tke author: Verma, Surabhi title: Investigating the Emerging COVID-19 Research Trends in the Field of Business and Management: A Bibliometric Analysis Approach date: 2020-07-02 words: 6285.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261711-nmmz9tke.txt summary: This article presents the findings of a bibliometric study of COVID-19 literature in the business and management domain to identify current areas of research and propose a way forward. To help business practitioners and researchers understand the impact of the pandemic on future economic growth, this study analyzed a corpus of COVID-19 and business and management articles to address questions like the following: What are the growth trajectories and trends of publications in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak? Of these, 35 articles were duplicates (i.e., indexed in both databases) and thus were excluded from further analysis (Homrich, Galvao, Abadia, indicates the adaptability and openness of researchers across the world to understand contemporary issues like the impact of COVID-19 on business. Given this backdrop, the current study presents a bibliometric review of 107 papers on the ramifications of COVID-19 in the domain of business and management in order to delineate this emerging research field and summarize the available knowledge. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been labeled as a black swan event that caused a ripple effect on every aspect of human life. Despite the short time span of the pandemic—only four and half months so far—a rather large volume of research pertaining to COVID-19 has been published (107 articles indexed in Scopus and the Web of Science). This article presents the findings of a bibliometric study of COVID-19 literature in the business and management domain to identify current areas of research and propose a way forward. The analysis of the published literature identified four main research themes and 18 sub-themes. The findings and propositions of this study suggest that COVID-19 will be the catalyst of several long- and short-term policy changes and requires the theoretical and empirical attention of researchers. The offered propositions will act as a roadmap to potential research opportunities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829632030432X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.057 id: cord-303585-8py6joh6 author: Verma, Surjeet title: Anti-SARS-CoV Natural Products With the Potential to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-25 words: 10884.0 sentences: 562.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303585-8py6joh6.txt summary: The objective of this review was to collate information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit coronavirus and targets associated with infection in humans and to highlight known drugs, which may have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, this review discusses the potential use of Southern African medicinal plants, which have traditionally been used for the treatment of symptoms related to respiratory viral infections, and influenza, to inhibit SARS-CoV-2. The selective index (SI) values of compounds 1-6 were found to be 58, >510, 111, 193, 180 , and >667, respectively, indicating that these plants were able to inhibit viral replication without having a cytotoxic effect on the host cells. A chalcone, xanthoangelol E (8), isolated from the ethanolic leaf extract of Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz., showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV 3CL pro and a papain-like protease (PL pro ) with IC 50 values of 11.4 and 1.2 µM, respectively, using cell-free assays. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), known to cause the disease COVID-19, was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The objective of this review was to collate information regarding the potential of plants and natural products to inhibit coronavirus and targets associated with infection in humans and to highlight known drugs, which may have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Due to the similarity in the RNA genome, main proteases, and primary host receptor between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, a review was conducted on plants and secondary metabolites, which have shown activity against SARS-CoV. Numerous scientific reports on the potential of plants and secondary metabolites against SARS-CoV infection were found, providing important information on their possible activity against SARS-CoV-2. Based on current literature, 83 compounds have been identified with the potential to inhibit COVID-19. The most prominent selectivity was found for the alkaloid, lycorine, the lignan, savinin, and the abietane terpenoid, 8-beta-hydroxyabieta-9(11),13-dien-12-one with selectivity index values greater than 945, 667, and 510, respectively. Plants and their secondary metabolites, with activity against targets associated with the SARS-CoV infection, could provide valuable leads for the development into drugs for the novel SARS-CoV-2. The prospects of using computational methods to screen secondary metabolites against SARS-CoV targets are briefly discussed, and the drawbacks have been highlighted. Finally, we discuss plants traditionally used in Southern Africa for symptoms associated with respiratory viral infections and influenza, such as coughs, fever, and colds. However, only a few of these plants have been screened against SARS-CoV. Natural products hold a prominent role in discovering novel therapeutics to mitigate the current COVID-19 pandemic; however, further investigations regarding in vitro, in vivo, pre-clinical, and clinical phases are still required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101023/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.561334 id: cord-292490-djp9onk5 author: Verma, V. R. title: Projecting Demand-Supply Gap of Hospital Capacity in India in the face of COVID-19 pandemic using Age-Structured Deterministic SEIR model date: 2020-05-19 words: 5732.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292490-djp9onk5.txt summary: Within a short span of time, a localized outbreak evolved into pandemic with three defining characteristics: a) Speed and Scale-the disease has spread quickly to all corners of the world, and its capacity for explosive spread has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems b) Severity-Overall, 20% cases are severe or critical, with a crude clinical case fatality rate currently of over 3%, increasing in older age groups and in those with certain underlying conditions c) Societal and economic disruption-shocks to health and social care systems and measures taken to control transmission having deep socio-economic consequences (3) . Under case-3, where 10% of capacity in public facilities and 30% in private facilities is apportioned for COVID-19, and testing coverage is 200,000 per day with TTP of 5%, the estimated demand for severe and critical cases can only be met if supply of ICU beds and ventilators is increased by 8.4% and 2.6% before 27 th July 2020. abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the world. Current pandemic is also characterized by surge in hospitalizations which has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems. Therefore, it is imperative to assess supply side preparedness in tandem with demand projections for comprehensive outlook. OBJECTIVE: Hence, we attempted this study to forecast the demand for hospital resources for one year period and correspondingly assessed capacity and tipping points of Indian health system to absorb surges in demand due to COVID-19. METHODS: We employed age- structured deterministic SEIR model and modified it to allow for testing and isolation capacity to forecast the demand under varying scenarios. Projections for documented cases were made for varying degree of mitigation strategies of a) No-lockdown b) Moderate-lockdown c) Full-lockdown. Correspondingly, data on a) General beds b) ICU beds and c) Ventilators was collated from various government records. Further, we computed the daily turnover of each of these resources which was then adjusted for proportion of cases requiring mild, severe and critical care to arrive at maximum number of COVID-19 cases manageable by health care system of India. FINDINGS: Our results revealed pervasive deficits in the capacity of public health system to absorb surge in demand during peak of epidemic. Also, continuing strict lockdown measures was found to be ineffective in suppressing total infections significantly, rather would only push the peak by a month. However, augmented testing of 500,000 tests per day during peak (mid-July) under moderate lockdown scenario would lead to more reported cases (5,500,000-6,000,000), leading to surge in demand for hospital resources. A minimum allocation of 10% public resources and 30% private resources would be required to commensurate with demand under that scenario. However, if the testing capacity is limited by 200,000 tests per day under same scenario, documented cases would plummet by half. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.14.20100537v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.14.20100537 id: cord-305703-ypeibwje author: Veronese, Nicola title: Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature date: 2020-04-24 words: 2878.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305703-ypeibwje.txt summary: For each article, we extracted data regarding authors, year of publication, country, city or region in which the study was conducted, the period of observation, how the diagnosis of COVID-19 was obtained, the stage of COVID-19 infection (asymptomatic forms, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring intensive care unit, ICU; convalescent), sample size included, number of males and females, mean age and its standard deviation (or similar information such as median and range), the percentage of people treated with corticosteroids in the sample as a whole, and, if possible, the route of administration and type of corticosteroid considered. Overall, two studies reported negative findings regarding these medications, one reported no significant association between corticosteroids and clinical outcomes, and one concluded that methylprednisolone was associated with a significant reduction of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developing ARDS. abstract: The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search of the literature across nine databases was conducted from inception until 15th March 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients with a validated diagnosis of COVID-19 and using corticosteroids were included, considering all health outcomes. Four studies with 542 Chinese participants were included. Two studies reported negative findings regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, i.e., corticosteroids had a detrimental impact on clinical outcomes. One study reported no significant association between the use of corticosteroids and clinical outcomes. However, one study, on 201 participants with different stages of pneumonia due to COVID-19, found that in more severe forms, the administration of methylprednisolone significantly reduced the risk of death by 62%. The literature to date does not fully support the routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19, but some findings suggest that methylprednisolone could lower mortality rate in more severe forms of the condition. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00170 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00170 id: cord-308545-5n55yl2s author: Verscheijden, Laurens F. M. title: Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID‐19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation date: 2020-05-21 words: 2698.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308545-5n55yl2s.txt summary: 4, 5 The Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIDC) recommends a total cumulative dose of 3,300 mg CHQ base (44 mg/kg for a 75 kg adult), reducing the risk of adverse events by limiting treatment to 5 days. As CHQ is licensed for use in children with malaria, 8 it may seem rational to use the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended antimalarial dose to treat COVID-19 infected pediatric patients (25 mg/kg given over 3 days). In fact, the current pediatric WHO dose may even be questionable for the treatment of malaria, as recent studies show that older infants and children may need a higher mg/kg dose to reach similar drug concentrations as adults. These doses support previous pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in pediatric patients with malaria showing a need for higher mg/kg doses, as compared with adults, to reach similar plasma exposures in children 6 months to 12 years. abstract: As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best‐evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID‐19. A previously developed physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID‐19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44 mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration‐time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC(0–70h)) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re‐introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body‐weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35 mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0–1 month, 47 mg/kg for 1–6 months, 55 mg/kg for 6 months–12 years, and 44 mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300 mg in any patient. Our study supports age‐adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID‐19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge‐driven, model‐informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science‐based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32320477/ doi: 10.1002/cpt.1864 id: cord-309267-ihc7h8ik author: Vervaecke, Deanna title: Caremongering and Assumptions of Need: The Spread of Compassionate Ageism During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-12 words: 4204.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309267-ihc7h8ik.txt summary: We offer the ''caremongering'' movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. In the case of compassionate ageism (also known as benevolent ageism), so-called positive or warm perceptions of older people are combined with attributes of incompetence, frailty, dependence, passivity, and victimhood (Binstock, 1985; Cary, Chasteen, & Remedios, 2017; Marier & Revelli, 2017) , reflecting the mixed content of age stereotypes. The presumed ownership of the "elderly" stems from compassionate ageism and mixed age stereotypes which position older individuals as worthy of, and dependent upon, the support of younger people. Given that many younger individuals often adjust their behavior when interacting with older people according to age stereotypes they hold (O"Connor & St. Pierre, 2004) , it is likely that those engaging in helping behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as caremongering, are doing so in ways that have long-term implications for older recipients of this help. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the pervasive ageism that exists in our society. Although instances of negative or hostile ageism have been identified, critical attention to the nuances of ageism throughout the pandemic, such as the prevalence and implications of positive or compassionate ageism, has lagged in comparison. This commentary uses stereotype content theory to extend the conversation regarding COVID-19 and ageism to include compassionate ageism. We offer the ‘caremongering’ movement, a social movement driven by social media to help individuals impacted by COVID-19, as a case study example that illustrates how compassionate ageism has manifested during the pandemic. The implications of compassionate ageism that have and continue to occur during the pandemic are discussed using stereotype embodiment theory. Future actions that focus on shifting attention from the intent of ageist actions and beliefs to the outcomes for those experiencing them is needed. Further, seeking older individuals’ consent when help is offered, recognizing the diversity of aging experiences, and thinking critically about ageism in its multiple and varied forms are all required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32920642/ doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaa131 id: cord-330492-kbob8z48 author: Vervoort, Dominique title: Assessing the Collateral Damage of the Novel Coronavirus: A Call to Action for the Post-COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-30 words: 1558.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330492-kbob8z48.txt summary: 2 Additionally, increased rates of burnout among health workers, and cases of post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of frontline experiences can lead to a shortage of professionals trained to care for patients. Additionally, the shift in priority of primary care to triage suspected COVID-19 patients may limit the time available for routine visits (e.g., tracking CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes -which have previously demonstrated survival benefit), supporting smoking cessation, and providing psychosocial support, despite the emergence of telehealth visits. 1. Real-time outcomes tracking will better inform the development of disease-specific guidelines for specialty care during pandemics, as well as the interaction between COVID-19 and pre-existing surgical conditions. These include ensuring that a separate emergency team remains active and able to accept cases, minimizing crossover infections among patients and health workers, dedicating select hospitals, catheterization labs, operating rooms, and wards to non-COVID-19 patients, and allowing other healthcare personnel to become available when COVID-19 patients surge. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003497520306184?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.015 id: cord-347151-ni94qi4r author: Vespa, Edoardo title: Liver tests abnormalities in COVID-19: trick or treat? date: 2020-05-27 words: 690.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347151-ni94qi4r.txt summary: We read with interest the recent study by Cai et al [1] , which describes the role of liver function tests (LFTs) in a population of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This data is in line with other studies which reported a high prevalence of LFTs abnormalities in Covid-19 but failed to demonstrate an association with worse outcomes [3] . Interestingly, our observation on the clinical value of ALP as a marker of poor prognosis is in contrast with the finding by Cai and colleagues that the risk of progression to severe disease was associated with hepatocellular (AST and/or ALT >3 ULN) or mixed (a combination of AST/ALT >3 ULN and ALP/GGT >2 ULN) pattern of LFTs elevation, rather than a cholestatic pattern. In conclusion, we think that although LFTs alterations are common in hospitalized Covid-19 patients, it is still unclear whether they carry any prognostic value. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.033 id: cord-268084-pttsahkb author: Vest, N. A. title: Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system date: 2020-09-10 words: 1807.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268084-pttsahkb.txt summary: title: Prison population reductions and COVID-19: A latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system Objective: Using latent profile analysis, we sought to characterize Texas prisons on levels of COVID-19 cases and deaths among incarcerated residents, and COVID-19 cases among prison staff. Additionally, current prison population and level of employee staffing predicted membership in the high outbreak and high death profiles when compared to the low outbreak profile. We use latent profile analysis (LPA) to provide data-driven patterns of the COVID-19 outbreak in Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), the largest state prison system. The primary outcome was a latent profile of Texas prisons based on their levels of incarcerated resident COVID-19 cases, incarcerated resident COVID-19 deaths, and staff COVID-19 cases. Secondary outcomes included prison level predictors of latent profile membership (population, capacity, age of the prison, and staff levels). abstract: Importance: People in prison are particularly vulnerable to infectious disease due to close living conditions and the lack of protective equipment. Public health professionals and prison administrators seek information to guide best practices regarding prison population to capacity rates for the COVID-19 outbreak. Objective: Using latent profile analysis, we sought to characterize Texas prisons on levels of COVID-19 cases and deaths among incarcerated residents, and COVID-19 cases among prison staff. Design: This observational study was a secondary data analysis of publicly available data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TBDJ). Data were downloaded and analyzed on July 24, 2020. This project was completed in collaboration with the COVID Prison Project. Setting: One-hundred and three prisons in the state of Texas. Participants: The unit of analysis is the individual prison units that comprise the TDCJ. Exposures: None Main Outcomes and Measures: Latent profiles on levels of incarcerated resident COVID-19 cases, staff COVID-19 cases, and incarcerated resident COVID-19 deaths. Results: We identified relevant profiles from the data: a low outbreak profile, a high outbreak profile, and a high death profile. Additionally, current prison population and level of employee staffing predicted membership in the high outbreak and high death profiles when compared to the low outbreak profile. Conclusions and Relevance: Housing persons at 85% of prison capacity may minimize the risk of infection and death related to COVID-19. Implementing this 85% standard as an absolute minimum should be prioritized at prisons across the US. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.08.20190884v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.08.20190884 id: cord-347500-sigm6tos author: Vetter, Thomas R. title: The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-27 words: 995.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347500-sigm6tos.txt summary: In February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 was subsequently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the causative agent of the emerging zoonotic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As presciently described in 3 articles in the July/ August 2005 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs, the recent emergence of a novel viral strain like SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing COVID-19 global pandemic were by all accounts biologically, historically, culturally, and politically inevitable. 2-4 COVID-19 is only the most recent of a litany of so-called "emerging infectious diseases" that have opportunistically infected humans for centuries and likely for millennia. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), applying an R 0 value of 2.5, this equates to a herd immunity threshold of 60%. Emerging infectious diseases and pandemic potential: status quo and reducing risk of global spread abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004905 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004905 id: cord-281733-bsq0ewac author: Veyseh, Maedeh title: Left gonadal vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-07 words: 2461.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281733-bsq0ewac.txt summary: We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. 8 9 Our patient was distinctive in terms of presentation as she lacked the common respiratory symptoms, rather acute venous thrombosis in an unusual location prompted the diagnosis of COVID-19. 1 24 In summary, we present an interesting case with an unusual presentation of COVID-19 who presented with abdominal pain and no significant respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with thrombosis of the left ovarian vein. abstract: COVID-19 disease is a viral illness that predominantly causes pneumonia and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The endothelial injury and hypercoagulability secondary to the inflammatory response predisposes severely ill patients to venous thromboembolism. The exact mechanism of hypercoagulability is still under investigation, but it is known to be associated with poor prognosis. The most common thrombotic complication reported among these patients is pulmonary embolism. To our knowledge, gonadal vein thrombosis is an uncommon phenomenon that has not been reported in the setting of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236786 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236786 id: cord-335518-ti889uye author: Vianya-Estopa, Marta title: Contact lens wear and care in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-11 words: 3959.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335518-ti889uye.txt summary: Modifiable factors that need particular attention in Spain include: handwashing for at least 20 seconds before lens handling, drying hands with single use paper towels, including a rub-and-rinse step for reusable lenses, lens case cleaning and renewal, avoidance of water exposure and when to cease lens wear during the pandemic. The aim of the current study was to evaluate by means of a survey the behaviours associated with contact lens wear (compliance with hand hygiene and adherence to contact lens wear and care recommendations) as well as to elucidate the best ways to support wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. The questions related to lens care disinfection and lens case care were only displayed if the participant used reusable CLs. The final section focused on assessing concerns J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f associated with contact lens wear and ways to best support wearers during the COVID-19 abstract: AIM: To establish contact lens wear and care practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. METHOD: A 58-item anonymous online survey was distributed during the period 30th April to 10(th) May via Qualtrics. The survey explored: a) demographic characteristics (age, sex, general health and where they were living during lockdown), b) changes in their contact lens use during lockdown, c) hygiene and contact lens compliance and d) concerns associated with contact lens wear and ways to support wearers during the pandemic. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty responses were analysed (38.8 ± 11.4 years old, 75% female). Three-quarters of participants reported that they were self-isolating or rigorously following social distance advice. Sixty-seven percent of participants reported using their contact lenses less during the pandemic. Respondents were found to be compliant with handwashing prior to inserting and removing contact lenses (in both cases 97% doing this ‘most times’ or ‘every time’). However, only 44% complied with the’ 20 second rule’ and 48% used a shared towel to dry their hands. A higher proportion of hydrogen peroxide users replaced the lens case monthly compared to multi-purpose users (64% vs.49%; p < 0.001). Twenty-four percent admitted wearing lenses whilst showering and 16% did not consider ceasing lens wear if feeling unwell with flu/cold symptoms. CONCLUSION: Eye care practitioners should continue to educate contact lens wearers to ensure safe contact lens wear to minimise the chance of developing contact lens related complications during the pandemic. Modifiable factors that need particular attention in Spain include: handwashing for at least 20 seconds before lens handling, drying hands with single use paper towels, including a rub-and-rinse step for reusable lenses, lens case cleaning and renewal, avoidance of water exposure and when to cease lens wear during the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048420301946?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.001 id: cord-286901-whvq8y1p author: Vidali, Sofia title: D-dimer as an indicator of prognosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review date: 2020-07-13 words: 4272.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286901-whvq8y1p.txt summary: This study aims to highlight the correlation between elevated D-dimer (an indirect thrombosis marker) and the increased rate of poor prognosis-associated conditions, and to introduce D-dimer-labelled anticoagulant administration as a potentially useful tool to prevent complications and positively influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course. The keywords and their variants (differently combined) used for the search were "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV-2", "D-dimer", "coagulation", "hypercoagulative state", "laboratory analysis", "ARDS", "haemostasis", "thrombosis", "pulmonary embolism", "disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)", "heparin" and "anti-coagulation". The alterations of coagulation factors during SARS-CoV-2 infection and specifically that of D-dimer are, as documented in the clinical experiences described here, severe, constant and correlated with prognosis, complications and CEP rates. Among the factors that were demonstrated to be connected to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients, the presence of comorbidities may represent a confounding factor for the interpretation of D-dimer and other coagulation parameter alterations, especially considering the heterogeneous aetiology of thrombotic and thrombophilic states. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulates pro-thrombotic changes. This, combined with its tropism for endothelium and lung structures, may explain its association with thrombotic events, reduction of pulmonary gas exchange, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and a composite end-point (intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, death). This study aims to highlight the correlation between elevated D-dimer (an indirect thrombosis marker) and the increased rate of poor prognosis-associated conditions, and to introduce D-dimer-labelled anticoagulant administration as a potentially useful tool to prevent complications and positively influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course. METHODS: An online database search (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane) was performed between 13 March and 10 April 2020. The most relevant keywords were “D-dimer”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “thrombosis” and “ARDS”. Selection was independently conducted by three reviewers. References and previews of accepted articles were evaluated. Data inclusion/extraction inaccuracy was limited by the work of three reviewers. Selection bias reduction was addressed by thoughtfully designing the search protocol. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The systematic review protocol was not registered because we anticipated the very limited available evidence on the topic and due to the urgency of the study. RESULTS: 16 studies were evaluated. Good-quality criteria were reached in 13 out of 16 studies. D-dimer was increased and significantly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls, in COVID-19 patients with severe disease or a composite end-point compared with non-severe disease, in ARDS compared with non-ARDS patients and in deceased ARDS patients compared with ARDS patients who survived (all p<0.001). COVID-19 patients treated with anticoagulants demonstrated lower mortality compared with those not treated (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Correlations exist between COVID-19 infection, severe elevation of D-dimer levels, and increase in the rate of complications and composite end-point. The appropriateness of early and continuous D-dimer monitoring and labelled anticoagulation as management tools for COVID-19 disease deserves accurate investigation, to prevent complications and reduce interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685436/ doi: 10.1183/23120541.00260-2020 id: cord-344117-lr6roxej author: Vieira, Ana Luisa Silveira title: Role of point-of-care ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic: our recommendations in the management of dialytic patients date: 2020-06-03 words: 4407.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344117-lr6roxej.txt summary: Reports from health services around the world have indicated that patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, two of the main causes of ESRD worldwide, and also advanced age and cardiovascular complications, two frequent accompanying conditions in dialysis patients, are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and more prone to develop severe COVID-19 pneumonia, eventually requiring intensive care treatment [2, 6, 7] . The typical patterns detected by LUS in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia are characterized by B-lines in different forms, both separated and coalescent, an irregular and/or fragmented pleural line, peripheral small consolidations, and large consolidations with dynamic air bronchograms [3] (Fig. 7) (Additional file 5). If the B-lines pattern that can be observed by LUS in dialytic patients does not fully respect the typical characteristics of a COVID-19 pneumonia and cannot allow a definitive conclusion, we suggest to extend the ultrasound scan to the heart and the inferior vena cava (IVC). abstract: COVID-19 is a viral disease due to the infection of the novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2, that has rapidly spread in many countries until the World Health Organization declared the pandemic from March 11, 2020. Elderly patients and those affected by hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions are more susceptible to present more severe forms of COVID-19. These conditions are often represented in dialytic renal end-stage patients. Moreover, dialysis patients are more vulnerable to infection due to suppression of the immune system. Growing evidences, although still supported by few publications, are showing the potential utility of ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we share our experience in using point-of-care ultrasound, particularly lung ultrasound, to indicate the probability of COVID-19 in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis. We also propose recommendations for the application of lung ultrasound, focused echocardiography and inferior vena cava ultrasound in the management of patients in hemodialysis. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13089-020-00177-4 doi: 10.1186/s13089-020-00177-4 id: cord-309950-nutxlvmm author: Vieira, André title: Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths date: 2020-09-17 words: 2735.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309950-nutxlvmm.txt summary: To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods. For estimating total EM, we calculated the historical average and respective Standard Deviation (SD) of the number of daily all-cause mortality for the last 10 years, between January 1 and April 14. We considered Relevant Excess Mortality (REM) when the daily observed values exceed the estimated average value of deaths for each day plus corresponding 2 SDs or if they exceed the limits of the 95% confidence interval in the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. In the study period, 599 deaths were registered by COVID-19, so we estimate that the excess of non-COVID-19 Mortality (EMnC) was 615 deaths (1214 -599), due to other causes natural causes not directly related to the pandemic. abstract: Background: One month after the first COVID-19 infection was recorded, Portugal counted 18,051 cases and 599 deaths from COVID-19. To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods. Methods: We compared the observed and expected daily deaths (historical average number from daily death registrations in the past 10 years) and used 2 standard deviations confidence limit for all-cause mortality by age and specific mortality cause, considering the last 6 years. An adapted Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was also tested to validate the estimated number of all-cause deaths during the study period. Results: Between March 16 and April 14, there was an excess of 1255 all-cause deaths, 14% more than expected. The number of daily deaths often surpassed the 2 standard deviations confidence limit. The excess mortality occurred mostly in people aged 75+. Forty-nine percent (49%) of the estimated excess deaths were registered as due to COVID-19, the other 51% registered as other natural causes. Conclusion: Even though Portugal took early containment measures against COVID-19, and the population complied massively with those measures, there was significant excess mortality during the first month of the pandemic, mostly among people aged 75+. Only half of the excess mortality was registered as directly due do COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954711/ doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.200628.001 id: cord-280055-5iwo6tlb author: Vieira, Tiago title: The lose-lose dilemmas of Barcelona’s platform delivery workers in the age of COVID-19 date: 2020-12-31 words: 8964.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280055-5iwo6tlb.txt summary: COMPANY -dealing with aspects of the relation with the companies (mainly doubts and complaints shared among peers, before/instead of addressing the company itself); LABOR RHYTHM -related to the ongoing movement of demands made by clients (usually to assess if low levels of requests were an individual situation or a broader issue); POLICE/SECURITY -shared information about (past or present) police controls and other aspects that could jeopardize the security of PDW, such as requests for delivery of illicit substances; RENTED ACCOUNTS -information on accounts to be rented (essentially from people procuring them, but also some advertising and some doubts'' clarification); STATE -discussion all aspects related to the relation of PDW with the state, mainly: the decision of the state of emergency, its renewal and its implications, and clarification of doubts on issues related with taxes and social security; COVID -information and debate of news and concerns directly related to COVID-19 (the evolution of numbers, who is to blame, what measures to take to reduce of the possibility of being infected); SERVICES -advertisement, sharing or procurement of services, disregard how work-related they are: second-hand backpacks, bikes'' workshops, flats for rent, cigarettes, fuel, videogames or even direct requests to workers seeking to avoid the fees charged by the apps; OTHER -jokes, memes, motivational messages of various sorts. abstract: The abrupt lockdown experienced by a big part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic has bestowed upon home delivery services an unexpected importance. Officially considered amongst “essential services”, their workers circulate freely while most people are advised (when not forced) to stay in their homes. The present paper explores how this context helps to shed light on the precarious situation of the majority of the platform delivery workers (PDW). This is done through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and digital ethnography of the interactions within a WhatsApp group. The main finding is that the COVID-19 context deepened the precarization of the PDW confronting them with four dilemmas from which there is no way out. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590291120300486 doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100059 id: cord-335711-15gjv6ae author: Viganò, Chiara title: COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy date: 2020-09-19 words: 535.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335711-15gjv6ae.txt summary: title: COVID-19 in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-center Observational Study in Northern Italy For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), significant concern arises from the widespread use of immunosuppressive therapies, 1 yet preliminary data do not indicate a worse clinical course. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adult IBD patients followed in our center in Lombardy, aimed at defining prevalence and risk factors for acquiring the infection. Because during the study period virologic testing was available only for inpatients or health care workers besides laboratory confirmed diagnosis, we also included probable cases according to WHO reccomendations (ie, occurrence of an acute respiratory illness AND residence in a high-prevalence area or contact with a COVID-19 case). Diarrhea was the presenting symptom in 26 (49%) patients, and significantly more cases reported diarrhea compared with non-COVID-19 patients (OR, 29; P < 0.0001), independently from disease activity at multiple regression analysis (suppl Table 2 ). Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa244 doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa244 id: cord-284983-xvtkso79 author: Vigiola Cruz, Mariana title: Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital date: 2020-05-26 words: 3938.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284983-xvtkso79.txt summary: title: Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. The catheter should be flushed with heparinized saline following each critical step of the procedure to ensure adequate Insertion of the catheters in surgical clinic for ambulatory patients with CKD mimics the ICU bedside technique, with slight modifications. In our limited series, bedside placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic offered a safe and effective option for establishment of access for renal replacement therapy. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. STUDY DESIGN: Bedside, open PD catheter insertions were performed in early April 2020, at a large academic center in New York City. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AKI and ambulatory patients with chronic kidney disease and impending need for RRT were included. Detailed surgical technique is described. RESULTS: Fourteen catheters were placed at the bedside over 2 weeks, 11 in critically ill COVID-19 patients and three in ambulatory patients. Mean patient age was 61.9 years (43–83), and mean body mass index was 27.1 (20–37.6); four patients had prior abdominal surgery. All catheters were placed successfully without routine radiographic studies or intraoperative complications. One patient (7%) experienced primary nonfunction of the catheter requiring HD. One patient had limited intraperitoneal bleeding while anticoagulated, which was managed by mechanical compression of the abdominal wall and temporarily holding anticoagulation. All other catheters had an adequate function at 3–18 days of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside placement of PD catheters is safe and effective in ICU and outpatient clinic settings. Our surgical protocols allowed for optimization of critical hospital resources, minimization of hazardous exposure to healthcare providers and a broader application of urgent-start PD in selected patients. Long-term follow-up is warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05600-4 doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05600-4 id: cord-316702-dj2fo8sn author: Vignesh, Ramachandran title: Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining? date: 2020-09-30 words: 3250.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316702-dj2fo8sn.txt summary: Since many studies from different geographical locations are documenting preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2, it will be important to define specificities of these T and B cell immune response carefully to assess their association with COVID-19 disease severity. This preexisting cross-reactive T and B cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may have wide implications as this could explain differential clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, disease severity, vaccine development, and important in accessing herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection/COVID-19 disease. Several studies have provided strong evidence for the importance of SARS-CoV-2 specific CTLs, and T helper cells in mild and moderate patients compared to severe COVID-19 disease (27, 28, (31) (32) (33) . Several studies have provided strong evidence for the importance of SARS-CoV-2specific neutralizing antibodies in association with less disease severity in COVID-19 patients (38, 39) . A recent modelling study has estimated that about one in five individuals worldwide would be at increased risk of severe COVID-19, upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, owing to the underlying conditions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101320/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586781 id: cord-162772-5jgqgoet author: Viguerie, Alex title: Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion date: 2020-05-11 words: 3166.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-162772-5jgqgoet.txt summary: title: Simulating the spread of COVID-19 via spatially-resolved susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased (SEIRD) model with heterogeneous diffusion Additional simulations exploring alternative scenarios for the relaxation of lockdown restrictions suggest that reopening strategies should account for local population densities and the specific dynamics of the contagion. These initial conditions correspond to the data provided by Lab24 [1] from the date 27 February 2020, featuring a severe outbreak in the province of Lodi, and moderate numbers of exposed and infected individuals in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia, and Cremona (see Fig. 2 ). In Fig. 2 , we demonstrate the remarkable qualitative agreement in the outbreak dynamics between our model forecasts and data in the three main affected areas: Milan, Bergamo, and Brescia. Thus, our results suggest that maintenance of lockdown measures in high-population, high-density areas like Milan may be necessary for longer times to effectively arrest the spread of contagious diseases like COVID-19. abstract: We present an early version of a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SEIRD) mathematical model based on partial differential equations coupled with a heterogeneous diffusion model. The model describes the spatio-temporal spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and aims to capture dynamics also based on human habits and geographical features. To test the model, we compare the outputs generated by a finite-element solver with measured data over the Italian region of Lombardy, which has been heavily impacted by this crisis between February and April 2020. Our results show a strong qualitative agreement between the simulated forecast of the spatio-temporal COVID-19 spread in Lombardy and epidemiological data collected at the municipality level. Additional simulations exploring alternative scenarios for the relaxation of lockdown restrictions suggest that reopening strategies should account for local population densities and the specific dynamics of the contagion. Thus, we argue that data-driven simulations of our model could ultimately inform health authorities to design effective pandemic-arresting measures and anticipate the geographical allocation of crucial medical resources. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05320v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-340464-axb6resr author: Vijayasekaran, D. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward – Correspondence date: 2020-11-04 words: 435.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340464-axb6resr.txt summary: To the Editor: The editorial on "COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward" by Rakesh Lodha & S K Kabra covered many important precautions to be observed both in overcrowded hospitals and private clinics in the context of present crisis [1] . We applaud the authors'' valuable suggestions covering various aspects of handling the current pandemic. IAP''s initiative for establishing smart clinics has been automatically adapted by several of us in the current situation and should be taken up in a big way even in the post COVID era. Since corona virus family is constantly evolving and devastating the normalcy of world, causing epidemics like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (CFR 14%-15%), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (CFR 34.4%.) and the current pandemic, pinning the responsibility is also the need of the hour [4] . COVID-19 pandemic: the way forward abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03553-z doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03553-z id: cord-276194-4sfc7hal author: Vijayvargiya, Prakhar title: In Reply–The “Perfect Cytokine Storm” of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 words: 794.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276194-4sfc7hal.txt summary: To the Editor:We read with great interest the letter by Testori regarding our Review article "Treatment Considerations for COVID-19: A Critical Review of the Evidence (or Lack Thereof)," 1 Testori pointed out the important association of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 , which could account for the worse outcome in older individuals. Baricitinib will be tested as one of the drugs in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT). Since the online publication of our review, the investigational RNA-dependent RNA inhibitor, remdesivir, has been granted emergency use authorization in United States Food and Drug Administration based on preliminary data obtained from the ACTT. Treatment Considerations for COVID-19: A Critical Review of the Evidence (or Lack Thereof) NIH Clinical Trial Shows Remdesivir Accelerates Recovery from Advanced COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32861344/ doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.016 id: cord-271187-rlevoj41 author: Vijh, Rohit title: Serological Survey following SARS-COV-2 Outbreaks at Long Term Care Facilities in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia: Implications for Outbreak Management and Infection Control Policies date: 2020-10-18 words: 1510.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271187-rlevoj41.txt summary: A cross-sectional serological survey was carried out in two long term care facilities that experienced COVID-19 outbreaks in order to evaluate current clinical COVID-19 case definitions. Serological testing may be useful to evaluate and inform public health infection control practices by uncovering cases missed during an outbreak using current laboratory-based and clinical case definitions. Our analysis aims to provide a descriptive overview of a serological survey of LTC residents and staff members following outbreaks at two facilities and evaluate clinical case definitions of COVID-19 used in LTC outbreaks against serological results. Clinical information (symptomatic/asymptomatic history, symptoms recorded, medical comorbidities, medications) for each individual was gathered by abstracting data from a standardized case report form (Appendix C), medical charts of LTC residents, and phone interviews. however, no studies to date have used serology to inform clinical case definitions and subsequently infection control measures in LTC facilities. abstract: A cross-sectional serological survey was carried out in two long term care facilities that experienced COVID-19 outbreaks in order to evaluate current clinical COVID-19 case definitions. Among individuals with a negative or no previous COVID-19 diagnostic test, myalgias, headache and loss of appetite were associated with serological reactivity. The US CDC probable case definition was also associated with seropositivity. Public health and infection control practitioners should consider these findings for case exclusion in outbreak settings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33086096/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.009 id: cord-258150-ezatw341 author: Vilakati, Phesheya Ndumiso title: The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa date: 2020-08-27 words: 1294.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt summary: Especially in the sub-Saharan countries, COVID-19 may have devastating effects as the response required is challenged by inherent fragilities in the national health systems, high population density in metropolitan slums, a lack of services in rural settings, generally poor sanitation, food insecurity and undernutrition, as well as the high burden of comorbidities such as HIV infection and tuberculosis. In the African continent, preparedness for a pandemic like COVID-19 is a challenge given the need for rapid adaptation of already constrained health systems, scarcity of laboratories and reagents to test, limited training capacity, and poverty of resources in care provision and in general. However, due to the general shortage in PPE, diagnostic kits, and effective therapeutic options in countries like Ethiopia and eSwatini, most funds and key supply and equipment may be directed to governmental facilities rather than engaging the numerous FBOs and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) providing care. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed health system weaknesses of economically wealthy countries with advanced technologies. COVID-19 is now moving fast across Africa where small outbreaks have been reported so far. There is a concern that with the winter transmission will grow rapidly. Despite efforts of African Governments to promptly establish mitigating measures, rural areas, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, risk being neglected. In those settings, faith-based and other non-governmental organizations, if properly equipped and supported, can play a crucial role in slowing the spread of COVID-19. We describe our experience in two rural health facilities in eSwatini and Ethiopia highlighting the struggle towards preparedness and the urgency of international support to help prevent a major public health disaster. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/traa073 doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa073 id: cord-257995-kgmsecg3 author: Vilallonga, Ramon title: Reply To The Article “Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.” by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. et al. Published in Obesity Surgery date: 2020-05-13 words: 546.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257995-kgmsecg3.txt summary: title: Reply To The Article "Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak." by Aminian, A., Kermansaravi, M., Azizi, S. Also, it will be important to take into consideration that some inflammatory parameters such as CRP, white blood cell count, and liver function alterations, as well as pulmonary pneumonia or thromboembolism and collapsed lung, can also be seen in patients presenting with bariatric surgery complications. Finally, short case series can help to have a picture of early experiences in bariatric surgery patients. Some recommendations would be needed to be considered with regards to bariatric surgery [8, 9] . Bariatric surgical practice during the initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases Recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic from IFSO for reporting their experience in bariatric cases during COVID-19 outbreak [1] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32405908/ doi: 10.1007/s11695-020-04678-y id: cord-259267-trpo5w11 author: Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence among personnel in the healthcare facilities of Croatia, 2020 date: 2020-08-26 words: 1490.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259267-trpo5w11.txt summary: From April 25 to May 24, 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic curve was approaching the end of the first wave in Croatia, a total of 592 serum samples from HCWs and allied/auxiliary HCWs were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Two studies from the United Kingdom showed that 18% of symptomatic HCWs 6 and 3% of asymptomatic HCWs tested RT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 7 . Data are limited on the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs. In this study, using ELISA, SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 2.7% of participants, while neutralizing antibodies were detected in 1.5% of participants, indicating a low seroprevalence among HCWs in Croatia. In the present study, three seropositive HCWs reported experiencing COVID-19-consistent clinical symptoms, while six were asymptomatic. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0458-2020 doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0458-2020 id: cord-327253-gge6wzly author: Villa, Simone title: Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-07 words: 1373.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327253-gge6wzly.txt summary: 1 Beginning in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic was still largely limited to China, verbal and physical attacks against Chinese or people of Asian descent have been documented in many countries. 10 In contrary, uninfected COVID-19 people may be facing discrimination when applying for jobs in some countries that may implement COVID-19 passport strategies, despite recommendations of the World Health Organization against such a practice. This reactive behaviour facilitates spreading of infectious pathogens especially among those with mild symptoms who avoid seeking medical attention and act J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as usual not to raise suspicion on their condition. The world cannot bear a parallel pandemic of stigma, which only serves to boost the spread of infectious diseases and worsen people''s health conditions and social behaviours. Noteworthy, individuals with COVID-19 may develop poor health-seeking behaviours (e.g. avoiding testing) because, by anticipating and fearing stigma, they may perceive the risk of losing their job and being marginalised in the society. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32777361/ doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.001 id: cord-337751-ccf8w06i author: Villalobos Dintrans, Pablo title: It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People date: 2020-07-07 words: 3485.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337751-ccf8w06i.txt summary: RESULTS: Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from COVID-19, these measures could have important unintended negative consequences in this group''s mental and physical health, as well as financial aspects. DISCUSSION: A wider perspective is needed to include a broader definition of health—considering financial scarcity, access to health services, mental health issues, and long-term care—in the policy responses to COVID-19 targeted to older people in Chile. This research report intends to provide a critical analysis of the policy response to COVID-19 for older people (OP) in Chile, calling for a more comprehensive response that considers a broad conception of health. Chile is a developing mid-to-high-income (2018 gross domestic product per capita purchasing parity power = US$25,222), highly unequal country (Gini coefficient = 0.55), which is currently facing a process of rapid population aging: While the share of people older than 65 years is 12%, in 2020 it is expected to reach 25% by 2050 (United Nations, 2019a). abstract: OBJECTIVE: Provide a synthesis of the COVID-19 policies targeting older people in Chile, stressing their short- and long-term challenges. METHOD: Critical analysis of the current legal and policy measures, based on national-level data and international experiences. RESULTS: Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from COVID-19, these measures could have important unintended negative consequences in this group’s mental and physical health, as well as financial aspects. DISCUSSION: A wider perspective is needed to include a broader definition of health—considering financial scarcity, access to health services, mental health issues, and long-term care—in the policy responses to COVID-19 targeted to older people in Chile. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32735013/ doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa092 id: cord-331375-tbuijeje author: Villalobos, Carlos title: SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the World: An Estimation of the Infected Population and a Measure of How Higher Detection Rates Save Lives date: 2020-09-25 words: 7205.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331375-tbuijeje.txt summary: This paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By weighting the age-stratified IFRs by the country population agegroups shares in each country, it is possible to obtain countryspecific IFRs. The relevance of this study is 3-fold: Firstly, the estimation of the true number of infections includes not only confirmed cases but COVID-19 undetected cases, as well as SARS-CoV-2infected individuals without the disease, or in a pre-symptomatic stage. In order to provide reliable estimates of the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and of the cumulative detection rates, it is necessary that governments provide real-time information about the number of COVID-19 deaths. abstract: This paper provides an estimation of the accumulated detection rates and the accumulated number of infected individuals by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Worldwide, on July 20, it has been estimated above 160 million individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, it is found that only about 1 out of 11 infected individuals are detected. In an information context in which population-based seroepidemiological studies are not frequently available, this study shows a parsimonious alternative to provide estimates of the number of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. By comparing our estimates with those provided by the population-based seroepidemiological ENE-COVID study in Spain, we confirm the utility of our approach. Then, using a cross-country regression, we investigated if differences in detection rates are associated with differences in the cumulative number of deaths. The hypothesis investigated in this study is that higher levels of detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections can reduce the risk exposure of the susceptible population with a relatively higher risk of death. Our results show that, on average, detecting 5 instead of 35 percent of the infections is associated with multiplying the number of deaths by a factor of about 6. Using this result, we estimated that 120 days after the pandemic outbreak, if the US would have tested with the same intensity as South Korea, about 85,000 out of their 126,000 reported deaths could have been avoided. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102412/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00489 id: cord-292173-95t89yee author: Villani, Federico Alcide title: COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review date: 2020-06-26 words: 4583.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292173-95t89yee.txt summary: Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate preventive measures in dental practice by assessing the operator and patient health protection during the new COVID-19 emergency by considering past experiences in terms of prevention, as the virus was only recently discovered. In addition, a second search was made: "masks" OR "disinfectants" OR "PPE" OR "dental equipment" AND "Covid-19" OR "coronavirus" OR "SARS-CoV-2". instead obtained diametrically opposing results; they showed, through a randomized controlled clinical study on 3591 subjects, that health workers who used N95 masks continuously during the shift or in situations considered to be at high risk, presented an 85% chance of not contracting a viral infection transmitted via droplets [36] . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the family of coronaviruses. The first cases were recorded in Wuhan, China, between December 2019 and January 2020. Italy is one of the most affected countries in Europe. COVID-19 is a new challenge in modern dentistry. New guidelines are required in dental clinics to avoid contagion caused by cross-infections. A narrative review was performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Twelve articles were selected to develop the bibliographic review by applying pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Precautionary measures should be applied to control COVID-19 in clinical practice. Several authors have highlighted the importance of telephone triage and/or clinic questionnaires, body temperature measurement, usage of personal protective equipment, surface disinfection with ethanol between 62% and 71%, high-speed instruments equipped with an anti-retraction system, four-handed work, and large-volume cannulas for aspiration. Clinically, the use of a rubber dam is essential. FFP2 (or N95) and FFP3 respirators, if compared to surgical masks, provide greater protection for health workers against viral respiratory infections. Further accurate studies are needed to confirm this. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32604906/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124609 id: cord-258579-68suyath author: Villar, Sergio Ciria title: Sintomatología psicótica en relación con cuarentena por COVID-19 date: 2020-11-07 words: 1852.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258579-68suyath.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258579-68suyath.txt summary: Objetivo: el objetivo de este artículo es presentar tres casos caracterizados por una descompensación psicopatológica aguda durante el estado de alarma en España, a causa de la epidemia por COVID-19, como ejemplificación de la morbilidad psíquica que puede generarse en relación con las medidas de confinamiento y aislamiento social. En estos casos seleccionados, las restricciones sociales implementadas a consecuencia del COVID-19 han tenido un papel muy relevante como estresor externo para la aparición de síntomas psicóticos en los pacientes. Introducción La emergencia sanitaria internacional que ha supuesto el COVID-19, así como las necesarias medidas que se han ido adoptando (cuarentena domiciliaria y aislamiento social, entre otras) van a tener una repercusión en la salud mental, igual que ha sucedido en anteriores pandemias (2) . No existe por el momento suficiente investigación sobre la Conviene tener en cuenta tanto la posibilidad de aparición de alteraciones psiquiátricas en personas que no tienen patología mental previa, como las descompensaciones agudas de pacientes con trastornos conocidos. abstract: Objetivo: el objetivo de este artículo es presentar tres casos caracterizados por una descompensación psicopatológica aguda durante el estado de alarma en España, a causa de la epidemia por COVID-19, como ejemplificación de la morbilidad psíquica que puede generarse en relación con las medidas de confinamiento y aislamiento social. Casos clínicos: se presentan 3 casos clínicos, todos ellos con diagnóstico al alta de “episodio psicótico breve" (F.23)(1). En estos casos seleccionados, las restricciones sociales implementadas a consecuencia del COVID-19 han tenido un papel muy relevante como estresor externo para la aparición de síntomas psicóticos en los pacientes. La respuesta al tratamiento antipsicótico fue rápida y muy favorable. Podrían existir factores de vulnerabilidad psíquicos específicos relacionados con la epidemia, que continúan estudiándose en la actualidad. Conclusiones: nuestros casos tan solo son una muestra del nuevo paradigma al que se enfrenta la psiquiatría, siendo necesario un abordaje precoz y eficaz del repunte en la enfermedad mental que es previsible en los próximos meses. Objetive: The aim of this article is to display three cases characterized by an acute psychopathological decompensation during the state of alarm in Spain due to the epidemic by COVID-19, as an example of the psychic morbidity that can be generated in relation to the measures of confinement and social isolation. Case report: Three cases are displayed, all of them with a diagnosis of "brief psychotic episode" (F.23)(1). The social restrictions implemented as a result of COVID-19 have had a very relevant role as an external stressor for the psychotization of patients in these selected cases. The response to antipsychotic treatment was rapid and very favorable. There could be specific psychological vulnerability factors related to the epidemic, which are still being studied today. Conclusiones: Our cases are only a sample of the new paradigm that psychiatry is facing, requiring an early and effective approach to the rebound in mental illness that is foreseeable in the coming months. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034745020300901?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.10.009 id: cord-289832-092dtzrd author: Villard, Orianne title: The Plasmatic Aldosterone and C-Reactive Protein Levels, and the Severity of Covid-19: The Dyhor-19 Study date: 2020-07-21 words: 3943.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289832-092dtzrd.txt summary: The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. In univariate analyses, aldosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at inclusion were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical course as compared to those with mild or moderate course (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, aldosterone levels were also gradually and significantly increased when we compared clinical status of patients in the three following categories: mild (OS ≤ 3), moderate (OS = 4) and severe (OS ≥ 5) on Day 2 and at OS max (analysis of variance, p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) ( Figure 2B) . In the present study, higher plasmatic aldosterone and CRP levels at inclusion are associated with severe clinical course of Covid-19 in hospitalized patients, and both parameters appear to be correlated. abstract: Background. The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), a physiological inhibitor of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as a cellular receptor to infect cells. Since the RAAS can induce and modulate pro-inflammatory responses, it could play a key role in the pathophysiology of Covid-19. Thus, we aimed to determine the levels of plasma renin and aldosterone as indicators of RAAS activation in a series of consecutively admitted patients for Covid-19 in our clinic. Methods. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels were measured, among the miscellaneous investigations needed for Covid-19 management, early after admission in our clinic. Disease severity was assessed using a seven-category ordinal scale. Primary outcome of interest was the severity of patients’ clinical courses. Results. Forty-four patients were included. At inclusion, 12 patients had mild clinical status, 25 moderate clinical status and 7 severe clinical status. In univariate analyses, aldosterone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at inclusion were significantly higher in patients with severe clinical course as compared to those with mild or moderate course (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). In multivariate analyses, only aldosterone and CRP levels remained positively associated with severity. We also observed a positive significant correlation between aldosterone and CRP levels among patients with an aldosterone level greater than 102.5 pmol/L. Conclusions. Both plasmatic aldosterone and CRP levels at inclusion are associated with the clinical course of Covid-19. Our findings may open new perspectives in the understanding of the possible role of RAAS for Covid-19 outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32708205/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9072315 id: cord-281281-knelqmzx author: Villas-Boas, Gustavo R. title: The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents date: 2020-09-07 words: 15780.0 sentences: 708.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt summary: The use of bioinformatics and other computational tools in addition to molecular modeling has helped researchers from different areas in the search for strategies for diagnosing viral infection, in the development of vaccines for its prevention, as well as in the discovery of new anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. In the context of COVID-19, this characteristic was important for a better understanding of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from the comparative analysis of genomic data of the new virus with others from the same family, suggesting its origin from natural selection, with modifications in its spike protein, more specifically in the host receptor binding domain, which may have enhanced its interaction and recognition by the human cell [83, 91] . The contributions of bioinformatics and molecular modeling in elucidating essential targets for the planning and development of new drugs, and the analysis of already known compounds, support the search for safer and more effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. The rapid spread of the disease surprised the scientific and medical community. Based on the latest reports, news, and scientific articles published, there is no doubt that the coronavirus has overloaded health systems globally. Practical actions against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 require the development and use of tools for discovering new molecular anti-SARS-CoV-2 targets. Thus, this review presents bioinformatics and molecular modeling strategies that aim to assist in the discovery of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Besides, we reviewed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity, since understanding the structures involved in this infection can contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets. Bioinformatics is a technology that assists researchers in coping with diseases by investigating genetic sequencing and seeking structural models of potential molecular targets present in SARS-CoV2. The details provided in this review provide future points of consideration in the field of virology and medical sciences that will contribute to clarifying potential therapeutic targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and for understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32906733/ doi: 10.3390/molecules25184086 id: cord-304956-zqm5fl38 author: Vinayachandran, Divya title: Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID‐19? date: 2020-05-18 words: 619.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304956-zqm5fl38.txt summary: Dear Editor, More recently, researchers have reported about the chemosensory alterations observed in patients with COVID-19 (Giacomelli et al., 2020) . Therefore, in patients reporting with both olfactory and taste disturbances in COVID-19, the possibility of an underlying olfactory disturbance should be considered as the primary aetiology. Whereas, the patients who reported only with dysgeusia and ageusia, in the absence of any olfactory disorders, have to be highlighted, since this could be the first report of any oral manifestation associated with COVID-19. Hence, this could be a possible reason for the taste disturbance, observed in COVID-19 patients. It was earlier reported that ACE2 receptors in the epithelial cells of the salivary glands of rhesus macaques were an initial target for the SARS coronavirus (Liu et al., 2011) . Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross sectional study abstract: More recently, researchers Top of FormBottom of Formhave reported about the chemosensory alterations observed in patients with COVID-19 (Giacomelli et al., 2020). The findings on changes in olfactory and gustatory sensations are enlightening and probably one of the preliminary reports in this context and may have been overlooked earlier, since it is challenging to diagnose and also due to the gravity of the major symptoms, being dealt with. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13371 doi: 10.1111/odi.13371 id: cord-286168-019rcbpg author: Vindegaard, Nina title: COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence date: 2020-05-30 words: 4106.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286168-019rcbpg.txt summary: Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 23, 24 We aimed to systematically review the literature in order to provide an overview of the psychiatric complications to COVID-19 infection (direct effect) and how COVID-19 are currently affecting mental health among psychiatric patients and general public (indirect effect) alongside with factors altering the risk of psychiatric symptoms in both groups. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being of the general public including female gender, front-line health care workers, and poor self-rated health. From previous studies of the SARS CoV-1 epidemic it is known that health care workers are at risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms, which the current studies indicate also is the case of COVID19 . abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002-2003) was associated with psychiatric complications. METHODS: We systematically searched the database Pubmed including studies measuring psychiatric symptoms or morbidities associated with COVID-19 among infected patients and among none infected groups the latter divided in psychiatric patients, health care workers and non-health care workers. RESULTS: A total of 43 studies were included. Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 18 of the studies were case-control studies/compared to norm, while 25 of the studies had no control groups. The two studies investigating COVID-19 patients found a high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (96.2%) and significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (p=0.016). Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. Studies investigating health care workers found increased depression/depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress and poor sleep quality. Studies of the general public revealed lower psychological well-being and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to before COVID-19, while no difference when comparing these symptoms in the initial phase of the outbreak to four weeks later. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being including female gender, poor-self-related health and relatives with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Research evaluating the direct neuropsychiatric consequences and the indirect effects on mental health is highly needed to improve treatment, mental health care planning and for preventive measures during potential subsequent pandemics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120309545?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048 id: cord-277178-nbotxv35 author: Vindrola-Padros, C. title: Remote home monitoring (virtual wards) during the COVID-19 pandemic: a living systematic review date: 2020-10-09 words: 5044.0 sentences: 307.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277178-nbotxv35.txt summary: Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyse the implementation and impact of remote home monitoring models (virtual wards) during COVID-19, identifying their main components, processes of implementation, target patient populations, impact on outcomes, costs and lessons learnt. There is a paucity of published literature on the models of care developed to implement remote home monitoring across different healthcare contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, the experiences of staff implementing these models and patients receiving care, the use of data for monitoring progress, resources required, as well as the impact of these models on clinical, process and economic outcomes. The included articles were analysed using a data extraction form developed in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) that extracted data on: the design and general characteristics of the model, patient populations, main reported process and clinical outcomes and its potential economic impact. abstract: Objectives: The aim of this review was to analyse the implementation and impact of remote home monitoring models (virtual wards) during COVID-19, identifying their main components, processes of implementation, target patient populations, impact on outcomes, costs and lessons learnt. The review will be kept live through regular updates. Design: The review was designed as a living systematic review to capture a rapidly evolving evidence base. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Setting: The review included remote home monitoring models led by primary and secondary care across seven countries. Participants: 17 examples of remote home monitoring models were included in the review. Main outcome measures: Impact of remote home monitoring on virtual length of stay, escalation, Emergency department attendance, reattendance, admission, readmission and mortality. Results: The primary aim of the remote home monitoring models was the early identification of deterioration for patients self-managing COVID-19 symptoms at home. Most models were led by secondary care. Broad criteria for the eligible patient population were used and confirmation of COVID-19 was not required (in most cases). Monitoring was carried via online platforms, paper-based systems with telephone calls or (less frequently) through wearable sensors. We could not reach conclusions regarding patient safety and the identification of early deterioration due to lack of standardised reporting across articles and missing data. None of the articles reported any form of economic analysis, beyond how the resources were used. Conclusions: The review pointed to variability in the implementation of the models, in relation to healthcare sector, monitoring approach and selected outcome measures. Lack of standardisation on reporting prevented conclusions on the impact of remote home monitoring on patient safety or early escalation during COVID-19. Future research should focus on staff and patient experiences of care and potential inequalities in access to these models. Attention needs to be paid to the processes used to implement these models, the evaluation of their impact on patient outcomes through the use of comparators, the use of risk-stratification tools, and cost-effectiveness of the models and their sustainability. Protocol registration: The review protocol was published on PROSPERO (CRD: 42020202888). url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.07.20208587 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.07.20208587 id: cord-343766-hlg7t5i5 author: Vinken, Mathieu title: A putative AOP for pneumonia related to COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 994.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343766-hlg7t5i5.txt summary: In order to further encourage research in this direction, an updated version of the putative AOP for pneumonia linked to COVID-19 is proposed, which encompasses new knowledge that is rapidly accumulating (Fig. 1) . One of the major MIEs in this AOP is the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor at the plasma membrane surface of type II pneumocytes lining the alveoli in lung. Such AOP network should comprise the mechanisms driving the multi-organ failure frequently observed in severe COVID-19 patients, for which the causes (i.e. MIEs) are as yet not entirely clear or delineated. Thus, liver failure may be caused by the direct binding and actions of SARS-CoV-2 in hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, but could also be an indirect consequence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with COVID-19. A putative AOP for pneumonia linked to COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02860-w doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02860-w id: cord-336790-29im4gxw author: Violetis, Odyssefs A. title: COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings date: 2020-06-29 words: 2659.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336790-29im4gxw.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 and has swiftly spread all over the world infecting approximately 4 billion individuals until May 10. Herein, we summarize the hematologic findings on full blood count focusing on white blood cells and platelets analysing their pathophysiology and their potential use as a tool for spotting the patients who are prone to a more severe progression of the disease or even a lethal upshot. advocates that leukocytosis (2.0-fold rise) and neutrophilia (4.4-fold rise) were predictors of the severity of the disease, which was confirmed by the need for admission in an ICU environment, while examining 140 patients with COVID-19 infection [13] . included 9 studies with a total of 1779 COVID-19 patients examining the association between thrombocytopenia and severity of the disease. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis abstract: The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province. COVID-19 is a systemic infection affecting several systems including the haematopoietic system. Surveys illustrating the laboratory findings of these patients conclude that lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia are prominent amongst them. Moreover, it has been reported a significant decrease in T lymphocyte subsets and an increase of inflammatory cytokines of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Generally, thrombocytopenia is commonplace in critically ill patients and usually suggests serious organ malfunction. In view of this, this review investigates the correlation between these abnormalities and the prognosis and disease course. Full blood count is an easy, economic and widely available tool which may help to discriminate between patients with or without severe disease. Last but not least, this review examines potential pathophysiological mechanisms by the novel coronavirus which contribute to these haematological alterations aiding the clinicians to better understand this disease and provide more clinical treatment options. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838152/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00380-3 id: cord-296426-upwsdgso author: Virmani, Sarthak title: Identifying a Kidney Transplant Recipient COVID Phenotype to Aid Test Utilization in the Setting of Limited Testing Availability - Does One Exist? date: 2020-06-20 words: 4402.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296426-upwsdgso.txt summary: While it is true that other non-novel viruses tend to cause more severe disease in immunocompromised patients [1] , no conclusive data is available to suggest an increased susceptibility or severity of SARS-Cov-2 infection in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This was a single center, retrospective chart review performed as a QAPI project to assess similarities in kidney transplant recipients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 as compared to those who tested negative, and guide testing recommendations in the setting of limited testing availability during the COVID-19 pandemic. We did not observe any significant association between patient gender, level of education, or history of diabetes on the SARS-CoV-2 test result. Our cohort of KTRs showed no significant difference in ALC between patients who tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 (Table 3 ). Though statistically significant in our small patient cohort, larger studies of KTRs with COVID-19 disease and a history of BKV will be required to confirm and better understand this association. abstract: Abstract: The high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in immunocompetent patients raises significant concern for immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This level of concern, both on the part of the KTRs and transplant professionals, is heightened by a lack of prior knowledge on how SARS-CoV-2 may manifest differently in immunosuppressed patients. Characterizing how KTRs may present differently than the general population would allow for more targeted and timely evaluation and treatment of KTRs with COVID-19 infection. Methods Without prior knowledge of how this virus would affect our transplant center’s delivery of care to KTRs who are SARS-CoV-2 positive or Patients Under Investigation (PUIs), and in the setting of limited testing availability, we initiated a Quality Assurance and Improvement Project (QAPI) to track KTRs followed at our transplant center through the SARS-CoV-2 testing process. Results Of the 53 symptomatic patients, 20 (38%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 either on presentation to the emergency department, or referral to a designated outpatient testing center. In addition, 16 (80%) of the 20 patients who tested positive required inpatient treatment. Intriguingly, patients with a history of polyoma BK viremia (BKV) had a higher incidence of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to patients without history of BKV (80% and 28%, respectively; p= 0.002). The Positive Predictive Value and Likelihood ratio was 80% and 6.6 for this association, respectively. Among our KTRs tested, those receiving belatacept had a lower likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. This finding approached, but did not achieve, statistical significance (p=0.06). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.033 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.033 id: cord-253665-1dn3ek34 author: Vishnubalaji, Radhakrishnan title: Protein Coding and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcriptional Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Highlight a Role for Interferon and Inflammatory Response date: 2020-07-07 words: 5427.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253665-1dn3ek34.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Phenomenal changes in ncRNA expression are also seen within host cells, which can play a major role in respiratory virus pathogenesis, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibiting higher tissue specificity than coding genes [30] . Disease and function analysis on the differentially expressed genes revealed the most significant enrichment in pathways related to reactive oxygen species, induction of apoptosis and necrosis, as well as activation of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infected NHBE cells (Figure 3a,b) . The top ten activated upstream regulator networks (CST5, IFNG, IFNL1, IFNA2, SPI1, RNY3, PRL, TGM2 , miR-122 and miR-122-5p) in lung tissue derived from COVID-19 patient based on transcriptome and IPA analyses, revealed the enrichment of functions related to immune system associated JAK-STAT cascade, type 1 interferon receptor binding, cytokine receptor binding, and MHC 1 biosynthesis (Figure 6a and Supplementary Table S10 ). abstract: The global spread of COVID-19, caused by pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for an imminent response from medical research communities to better understand this rapidly spreading infection. Employing multiple bioinformatics and computational pipelines on transcriptome data from primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) during SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed activation of several mechanistic networks, including those involved in immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interferon lambda (IFNL) in host cells. Induction of acute inflammatory response and activation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was prominent in SARS-CoV-2 infected NHBE cells. Additionally, disease and functional analysis employing ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed activation of functional categories related to cell death, while those associated with viral infection and replication were suppressed. Several interferon (IFN) responsive gene targets (IRF9, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, IFITM1, MX1, OAS2, OAS3, IFI44 and IFI44L) were highly upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected NBHE cell, implying activation of antiviral IFN innate response. Gene ontology and functional annotation of differently expressed genes in patient lung tissues with COVID-19 revealed activation of antiviral response as the hallmark. Mechanistic network analysis in IPA identified 14 common activated, and 9 common suppressed networks in patient tissue, as well as in the NHBE cell model, suggesting a plausible role for these upstream regulator networks in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Our data revealed expression of several viral proteins in vitro and in patient-derived tissue, while several host-derived long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Our data highlights activation of IFN response as the main hallmark associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in human, and identified several differentially expressed lncRNAs during the course of infection, which could serve as disease biomarkers, while their precise role in the host response to SARS-CoV-2 remains to be investigated. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11070760 doi: 10.3390/genes11070760 id: cord-341783-e7xz4utr author: Vistisen, Simon T. title: Risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors date: 2020-07-06 words: 1907.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341783-e7xz4utr.txt summary: 2 Because ACE2 plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system and also acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, hypotheses about an association between ACEi/ARBs and COVID-19 outcomes were rapidly generated. Nevertheless, based on these initial observational findings, there seems to be no increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection for ACEi/ARB users. Four studies examined the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and uniformly found that risk of severe outcomes was not higher for the collapsed group of ACEi and ARB 740 Vistisen et al. The transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor allows SARS-CoV-2 entry and leads to virus replication, activation of innate immune system/complement, cytokine formation followed by neutrophils/lymphocytes in the lung and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32769503/ doi: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001277 id: cord-283177-qwinggg4 author: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 2890.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt summary: title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. From late March 2020, our department of psychiatry began offering support group and individual video-conference sessions to help our frontline attending physicians, resident physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals, and students. We estimate that about 40 attending physicians, 40 residents, and 50 nurses, all frontline healthcare professionals, have participated in the group sessions, and 57 people have used the individual sessions. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current COVID-19 pandemic has put an enormous stress on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: Psychiatry departments in medical centers need to develop support systems to help our colleagues cope with this stress. METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. These groups are led by attending psychiatrists and psychiatry residents. In addition, we also deployed a system of telehealth individual counseling by attending psychiatrists. RESULTS: Anxiety was high in the beginning of our weekly groups, dealing with fear of contracting COVID or spreading COVID to family members, and the stress of social distancing. Later the focus was also on the impairment of the traditional clinician patient relationship by the characteristics of this disease, and the associated moral challenges and trauma. Clinicians were helped to cope with these issues through group processes such as ventilation of feelings, peer support, consensual validation, and peer-learning, and interventions by group facilitators. People with severe anxiety or desiring confidentiality were helped through individual interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.014 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.014 id: cord-303959-e1654g5j author: Vitiello, Antonio title: COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Fibrotic Tissue: Clinical Pharmacological Rational of Antifibrotic Therapy date: 2020-08-27 words: 1917.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303959-e1654g5j.txt summary: In this direction, the use of a pharmacological approach to reduce or prevent fibrotic status, with antifibrotic agents such as pirfenidone, used with demonstrated clinical efficacy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [4] can be a valuable aid in the prevention of serious or fatal complications from COVID-19 in patients with ongoing infection, or in those already healed with residual fibrotic lung lesions [5] . Although many patients who develop SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress syndrome survive the acute phase of the Fig. 1 Antifibrotic therapy, pleiotropic effects of Pirfenidone disease, data have shown that some of them die from progressive pulmonary fibrosis [19] . Several reports suggest, however, that there are differences between IPF and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis, diversity in the rapid evolution of the fibrotic and inflammatory state, and a highly developed procoagulant effect in SARS-CoV-2 viral infection [22, 23] . abstract: In December 2019, the first data emerged from Wuhan, China, of a serious acute respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In a short time, the health emergency became a global pandemic. To date, there are about 18.8 million infected people and about 700,000 deaths. There are currently no effective vaccines, and treatments are mostly experimental. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are different, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS). Data from previous coronavirus outbreaks such as SARS-CoV (2003 outbreak) and emerging epidemiological data from the current global COVID-19 pandemic suggest that there could be substantial tissue fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for severe and in some cases fatal lung lesions. Some data show that even patients cured of viral infection have lung fibrotic tissue residues responsible for incorrect respiratory function even after healing. The role of antifibrotic drug therapy in patients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection or in patients cured of residual pulmonary fibrosis is still to be defined and unclear; the scientific rationale for initiating, continuing, or discontinuing therapy is poorly defined. In this article, we describe the advantages of antifibrotic therapy in patients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 viral infection to prevent the worsening and aggravation of the clinical situation, and the advantages it could have in the role of preventing pulmonary fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in accelerating the complete healing process. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00487-7 doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00487-7 id: cord-268190-r428y2j9 author: Vivanti, Alexandre J. title: Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations date: 2020-05-11 words: 2963.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268190-r428y2j9.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: In the context of the stage 3 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic situation, it is necessary to put forward a method of rapid response for an HAS position statement in order to answer to the requests from the French Ministry of Solidarity and Health, healthcare professionals and/or health system users'' associations, concerning post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the shorter length of stay in the maternity unit, it is recommended that a newborn child be examined in person between the 6 th and 10 th day after the birth, preferably by a paediatrician or a general practitioner. The newborn''s visit planned during the second week (close medical supervision of the infant) is left, during an outbreak of COVID-19, to the decision of the paediatrician or general practitioner who examined the child between the 6 th and 10 th day postpartum. A mother with COVID-19 and her child are monitored by their general practitioner and, if necessary, the paediatrician for the newborn. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the context of the stage 3 SARS-Cov-2 epidemic situation, it is necessary to put forward a method of rapid response for an HAS position statement in order to answer to the requests from the French Ministry of Solidarity and Health, healthcare professionals and/or health system users’ associations, concerning post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A simplified 7-step process that favours HAS collaboration with experts (healthcare professionals, health system users’ associations, scientific societies etc.), the restrictive selection of available evidence and the use of digital means of communication. A short and specific dissemination format, which can be quickly updated in view of the changes in available data has been chosen. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2468784720301483 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101805 id: cord-332778-rf47ptj6 author: Vivarelli, Silvia title: Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial? date: 2020-08-10 words: 7447.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332778-rf47ptj6.txt summary: It was demonstrated that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing a worse symptomatology upon severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, often leading to hospitalization and intensive care. Given their immune-compromised status, cancer patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 might be at a higher risk of developing severe and critical consequences upon COVID-19, including ARDS, septic shock and acute myocardial infarction [29] [30] [31] . Nevertheless, cancer patients, when infected by SARS-CoV-2 might develop more severe outcomes, if anti-cancer treatments induce a weakening of the host immune health [38] . Since the beginning of this pandemic, nine independent clinical studies have been published about the risks possibly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer. In line with this concept, three additional independent clinical studies are currently enrolling non-cancer COVID-19 patients to test the efficacy of administering ICIs to reshape the impaired immune system of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (i.e., NCT04268537; NCT04356508 and NCT04413838). abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently representing a global health threat especially for fragile individuals, such as cancer patients. It was demonstrated that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing a worse symptomatology upon severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, often leading to hospitalization and intensive care. The consequences of this pandemic for oncology are really heavy, as the entire healthcare system got reorganized. Both oncologists and cancer patients are experiencing rescheduling of treatments and disruptions of appointments with a concurrent surge of fear and stress. In this review all the up-to-date findings, concerning the association between COVID-19 and cancer, are reported. A remaining very debated question regards the use of an innovative class of anti-cancer molecules, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), given their modulating effects on the immune system. For that reason, administration of ICIs to cancer patients represents a question mark during this pandemic, as its correlation with COVID-19-associated risks is still under investigation. Based on the mechanisms of action of ICIs and the current evidence, we suggest that ICIs not only can be safely administered to cancer patients, but they might even be beneficial in COVID-19-positive cancer patients, by exerting an immune-stimulating action. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082237 doi: 10.3390/cancers12082237 id: cord-336373-xb3jrg75 author: Vivas, Esther X. title: COVID19 and Otology/Neurotology date: 2020-08-22 words: 1981.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336373-xb3jrg75.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, has caused unprecedented changes to society as we know it. The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, has caused unprecedented changes to society as we know it. In the following text I will review some of the changes to the practice of otology and neurotology in the US, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, it is safe to say that while N95s have been used extensively, the role of CAPR and PAPR is limited for routine otologic and neurotologic procedures, but may be necessary on COVID-19 positive patients. Another change to standard operating procedures has been the implementation of pre-operative COVID-19 testing for all patients undergoing surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic has required otologists and neurotologists to implement several changes into our practice. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, has caused unprecedented changes to society as we know it. The effects have been particularly palpable in the practice of medicine. The medical community now has to re-evaluate everything we do on a daily basis, practices once deemed routine are now scrutinized. The field of otolaryngology has not been spared. We’ve had to significantly alter the way we provide care to patients, changes that are likely to become a new norm for the foreseeable future. This chapter will highlight some of the changes as they apply to otology/neurotology. Although this is written from the perspective of an academic physician, it is also applicable to private practice colleagues. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2020.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.08.003 id: cord-342041-x0bwjl54 author: Vivien, Benoît title: Adaptation de la Régulation Médicale du SAMU face à la pandémie du COVID-19 date: 2020-09-01 words: 4100.0 sentences: 353.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342041-x0bwjl54.txt summary: Si les différents SAMU de France ont pu montrer dans le passé leurs capacités d''adaptation pour faire face à des événements exceptionnels avec un nombre important de victimes, la pandémie du COVID-19 a été sans commune mesure avec tout ce qui avait pu être imaginé auparavant en termes d''ampleur pour une crise sanitaire. Outre les renforts internes respectifs de ces deux catégories de médecins, il a également été fait appel à des médecins extérieurs au SAMU-Centre 15 : médecins « jeunes retraités » du service qui se sont très rapidement réintégrés à la structure dans leurs activités respectives, médecins urgentistes de SMUR ayant ou non déjà pratiqué la régulation médicale dans un CRRA, voire médecins de services hospitaliers hors médecine d''urgence (pédiatres…) disponibles en raison de la sous-activité ou de la fermeture de leur service. abstract: La pandémie COVID-19 qui a atteint la France au 1er semestre 2020 a constitué pour le Service d’aide médicale urgente (SAMU) un véritable « stress test » afin de pouvoir faire face, d’une part à la demande de soins de la population, et d’autre part à la doctrine évolutive des autorités de santé. Cette situation sanitaire exceptionnelle (SSE), inédite de par son amplitude et sa durée, a nécessité de la part des différents centres de régulation et de réception des appels (CRRA) de multiples adaptations tant quantitatives que qualitatives, sur les plans humain, logistique, matériel, et technique. Alors que la première phase de l’épidémie COVID-19 s’est terminée, et dans l’incertitude d’une éventuelle reprise dans les jours ou semaines à venir, les progrès majeurs réalisés à marche forcée au niveau des SAMU pour faire face à cette crise extrême doivent devenir pérennes et constituer une nouvelle base de notre système de santé, tant pour le quotidien que pour de futures nouvelles situations sanitaires exceptionnelles. The COVID-19 pandemic which reached France in the first half of 2019 constituted for the prehospital emergency medical service (PHEMS, “Service d’aide médicale urgente”, SAMU) a real “stress test” in order to be able to cope on the one hand with the demand for care of the population, and on the other hand to the evolving doctrine of health authorities. This exceptional health situation, unprecedented in terms of amplitude and duration, required for the SAMU dispatch center multiple adaptations, both quantitative and qualitative, in terms of human, logistical, material, and technique. Whereas the first phase of the epidemic has ended, and while waiting for a possible resumption in the days or weeks to come, the major progress made in a forced march to face this crisis must become lasting and constitute a new basis for our health system, both for everyday cases and for future new exceptional health situations. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279847920301154?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pxur.2020.08.020 id: cord-304306-rxjahqwh author: Vlachakis, Dimitrios title: Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic date: 2020-10-08 words: 8517.0 sentences: 459.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304306-rxjahqwh.txt summary: The currently available antiviral option for hospitalized patients is remdesivir, which may inhibit the replication process by targeting the RdRp. Previously proposed treatments for hospitalized patients included hydroxychloroquine, which thought to disrupt virus endocytosis, and lopinavir/ritonavir, which thought to inhibit SARs-CoV-2 main protease (Astuti and Ysrafil, 2020; Magro, 2020) . Silibilin is predicted to have a dual activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection; silibilin can potentially reduce viral replication activity by targeting NSP12 as a remdesivir-like inhibitor, and modulate inflammatory responses by direct inhibition of STAT3 (BoschBarrera et al., 2020) . A recombinant form of the human ACE2 protein was synthesized as a therapeutic treatment for COVID-19, functioning as a decoy for SARS-CoV-2 and essentially preventing the virus from binding to the cell surface ACE2 (Schuster et al., 2010) . Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a severe threat against public health and global economies. COVID-19, the disease caused by this virus, is highly contagious and has led to an ongoing pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 affects, mainly, the respiratory system, with most severe cases primarily showcasing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, no targeted therapy exists, and since the number of infections and death toll keeps rising, it has become a necessity to study possible therapeutic targets. Antiviral drugs can target various stages of the viral infection, and in the case of SARS-CoV-2, both structural and non-structural proteins have been proposed as potential drug targets. This review focuses on the most researched SARS-CoV-2 proteins, their structure, function, and possible therapeutic approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111805 id: cord-334814-stswaiep author: Vogrig, Alberto title: Causality in COVID-19-associated stroke: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research date: 2020-08-01 words: 1473.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334814-stswaiep.txt summary: Even if the World Health Organization (WHO) has provided definition for suspected, probable, and confirmed COVID-19 cases, we believe that only patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 should enter in the classification, in addition to clinic-radiological evidence of acute stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic). Minor criteria were designed to capture additional evidence of a causal and biologically plausible association: (1) onset of stroke few days to 3 weeks after COVID-19 symptoms [3] [4] [5] ,(2) lack of cardiovascular risk factors [1, 8] ,(3) D-dimer and/or lactate dehydrogenase elevation [3] [4] [5] . Typical clinical features of COVID-19-related stroke include large vessel occlusion, multi-territory involvement, and posterior circulation predisposition (Fig. 1a-g) [3] [4] [5] 8 ]. In particular, case 12 was a previously healthy 50-year-old man who developed a posterior circulation stroke 3 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms in the context of vertebral artery dissection [7] , consistent with our proposed definition. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32740765/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10103-2 id: cord-302127-1abupl36 author: Vokó, Zoltán title: The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis date: 2020-06-11 words: 3197.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302127-1abupl36.txt summary: Recently published COVID-19 microsimulation models based on social network data in the UK and USA revealed that epidemic suppression would require a complex intervention package including social distancing of the entire population, home isolation of cases, and household quarantine of their family members, supplemented with school closure, in intermittent periods adjusted to epidemic intensity and unoccupied critical care capacity (Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team Report 9 2020; Kucharski et al. Our research aims were to identify the date when the COVID-19 pandemic started declining in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of community mobility restrictions (social distancing) with the observed extent of decline in the national epidemics. To SDI social distance index, SD standard deviation prevent COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes and other chronic care facilities enriching high-risk elderly patient groups, effective local infection control measures are clearly more relevant than general interventions targeting the country population as a whole, without specific focus on critical hot spots of the epidemic. abstract: Following the introduction of unprecedented “stay-at-home” national policies, the COVID-19 pandemic recently started declining in Europe. Our research aims were to characterize the changepoint in the flow of the COVID-19 epidemic in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of social distancing with the observed decline in the national epidemics. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted in 28 European countries. Social distance index was calculated based on Google Community Mobility Reports. Changepoints were estimated by threshold regression, national findings were analyzed by Poisson regression, and the effect of social distancing in mixed effects Poisson regression model. Our findings identified the most probable changepoints in 28 European countries. Before changepoint, incidence of new COVID-19 cases grew by 24% per day on average. From the changepoint, this growth rate was reduced to 0.9%, 0.3% increase, and to 0.7% and 1.7% decrease by increasing social distancing quartiles. The beneficial effect of higher social distance quartiles (i.e., turning the increase into decline) was statistically significant for the fourth quartile. Notably, many countries in lower quartiles also achieved a flat epidemic curve. In these countries, other plausible COVID-19 containment measures could contribute to controlling the first wave of the disease. The association of social distance quartiles with viral spread could also be hindered by local bottlenecks in infection control. Our results allow for moderate optimism related to the gradual lifting of social distance measures in the general population, and call for specific attention to the protection of focal micro-societies enriching high-risk elderly subjects, including nursing homes and chronic care facilities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32529592/ doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00205-0 id: cord-280899-zoc1hk5g author: Volff, Maxime title: No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-10 words: 337.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280899-zoc1hk5g.txt summary: title: No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients The current international outbreak of COVID-19 respiratory illness due to SARS-CoV-2 virus results in high rates of hospitalisation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission [1] . ICU resources in Europe are limited [2] , and managing ICU-bed flow is therefore vital to ensure high quality of care to all patients. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in its guidelines for predicting the risk of clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients [3] . However, the authors did not provide data to support this modification and we did not identify Predictive performance of the NEWS and mNEWS scores was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROCAUC) curve using the method described by DeLong et al. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352556820301442 doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.008 id: cord-343773-9f7ew8uj author: Volo, T. title: Elective tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: to whom, when, how? Early experience from Venice, Italy date: 2020-07-12 words: 3621.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343773-9f7ew8uj.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 23 COVID 19 patients, to analyse the timing of tracheostomy, the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and the infection of the involved health care workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the timing, appropriateness and staff security of tracheostomy in patients receiving PMV in our medical-surgical ICU for SARS-COVID19. Tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure is a challenging procedure due to both its severity, duration and risk of infections. Considering that in our study, mean time from intubation to death was 21 days, for patients with higher SOFA score and higher D-dimer level, we suggest to wait until 21 days to decide for tracheostomy to avoid clinically vain procedures for patients and to rule out health care workers from worthless exposure risks. abstract: PURPOSE: The need for prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients is placing the otorhinolaryngologist in front of an increasing request for tracheostomy. Nowadays, there is uncertainty regarding the timing of tracheostomy, the prognosis of these patients and the safety of healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tracheostomy placement in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 23 COVID 19 patients, to analyse the timing of tracheostomy, the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and the infection of the involved health care workers. Early tracheostomy was defined as ≤ 10 days and late ones > 10 days. RESULTS: The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU that underwent tracheostomy was 18%. The overall mortality of patients admitted to ICU was 53%. The univariate analysis revealed that early tracheostomy, SOFA score > 6, and D-dimer level > 4 were significantly associated with a greater risk of death. At the multivariate analysis SOFA score > 6 and D-dimer level > 4 resulted as significant factors for a higher risk of death. No health care workers associated with tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV2. CONCLUSION: We suggest to wait at least 14 days to perform tracheostomy. In patients with SOFA score > 6 and D dimer > 4, tracheostomy should not be performed or should be postponed. Optimized procedures and enhanced personal protective equipment can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06190-6 doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06190-6 id: cord-349852-atayq3fi author: Volpe, Massimo title: COVID-19 and the Forgotten Majority date: 2020-08-29 words: 499.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349852-atayq3fi.txt summary: Millions of visits, procedures, surgical operations and screening or prevention programs were cancelled or postponed through the world due to the unavoidable and necessary new mission of the hospitals to face the COVID-19 wave. An issue of particular importance is represented by the interruption of screening or follow-up programs, particularly in the context of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, leading to a worrying number of missed diagnoses and delayed specific treatments, necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality [1] . The management of patients with cancer or heart failure in more advanced stages will have a countless socioeconomic impact for healthcare systems and it will need an immediate new program to recover the missing actions as fast as possible. The patients'' fear of a possible contagion in a hospital setting and the exclusive focus of emergency departments on COVID-19 with a consequent deferral of other procedures has generated an unpredicted pre-contemporary medical scenario [4, 5] . Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00407-9 doi: 10.1007/s40292-020-00407-9 id: cord-303284-xwhxyy3d author: Volpicelli, Giovanni title: What’s new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-04 words: 1965.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303284-xwhxyy3d.txt summary: Computed tomography scans of patients with COVID-19 typically show a diffuse bilateral interstitial pneumonia, with asymmetric, patchy lesions distributed mainly in the periphery of the lung [4] [5] [6] . Conversely, in our experience, patients with COVID-19 disease who suffer from severe respiratory failure are not likely to have no or mild LUS alterations. These include early quantification of the severity of lung involvement, periodic assessment for the appearance of findings suggestive of atelectasis or pneumonia and monitoring the effects of changes in mechanical ventilation and recruitment maneuvers on lung aeration. Early quantification of the severity of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 may be obtained by estimating the overall amount of lung areas detected as being pathological with ultrasound. Identification of interstitial patterns or consolidations typical of pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 should lead to a change in care. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06048-9 doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06048-9 id: cord-303787-dx1n8jap author: Vonck, Kristl title: Neurological manifestations and neuro‐invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 date: 2020-05-16 words: 3806.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303787-dx1n8jap.txt summary: RESULTS: Neurological manifestations potentially related to COVID‐19 have been reported in large studies, case series and case reports and include acute cerebrovascular diseases, impaired consciousness, cranial nerve manifestations and auto‐immune disorders such as Guillain‐Barré Syndrome often present in patients with more severe COVID‐19. Neurological symptoms were more common in patients with severe infection according to their respiratory status (45.5% vs 30.2% in non-severe cases) and fell into 3 categories: central nervous system (CNS) manifestations (dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizure), cranial and peripheral nervous system manifestations (taste impairment, smell impairment, vision impairment, and neuropathy), and skeletal muscular injury manifestations. This is illustrated by a recent report of a COVID-19 patient with an acute necrotizing encephalopathy, a rare complication observed in infections with viruses including influenza, and related to a cytokine storm in the brain without direct viral invasion 26 . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infections with coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and various neurological manifestations have been reported. The aim of this study was to perform a review to describe neurological manifestations in patients with COVID‐19 and possible neuro‐invasive mechanisms of Sars‐CoV‐2. METHODS: Pubmed, WebOfScience and Covid‐dedicated databases were searched for the combination of COVID‐19 terminology and neurology terminology up to May 10(th) 2020. Social media channels were followed‐up between March 15(th) and May 10(th) 2020 for postings with the same scope. Neurological manifestations were extracted from the identified manuscripts and combined to provide a useful summary for the neurologist in clinical practice. RESULTS: Neurological manifestations potentially related to COVID‐19 have been reported in large studies, case series and case reports and include acute cerebrovascular diseases, impaired consciousness, cranial nerve manifestations and auto‐immune disorders such as Guillain‐Barré Syndrome often present in patients with more severe COVID‐19. Cranial nerve symptoms such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are highly prevalent in patients with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 even without associated nasal symptoms and often present in an early stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the neurological manifestations in patients with COVID‐19, especially when rapid clinical deterioration occurs. The neurological symptoms in COVID‐19 patients may be due to direct viral neurological injury or indirect neuroinflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms. No antiviral treatments against the virus or vaccines for its prevention are available and the long‐term consequences of the infection on human health remain uncertain especially with regards to the neurological system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32416028/ doi: 10.1111/ene.14329 id: cord-202465-38oeau38 author: Voorhees, Ellen title: TREC-COVID: Constructing a Pandemic Information Retrieval Test Collection date: 2020-05-09 words: 4368.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-202465-38oeau38.txt summary: TREC-COVID is a community evaluation designed to build a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic. The availability of CORD-19 provides the opportunity to create a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic, and the TREC-COVID evaluation aims to do precisely that. Because we want to foster research on systems that are able to pivot quickly, deadlines are very short: roughly one week between when the test topics become available and the run submission deadline, followed by ten days for relevance assessing before the next round begins. The cumulative document, topic, and relevance judgment sets will reflect the changes observed in real use of search systems during the current pandemic. Because assessors were available before the first submission deadline, TREC-COVID organizers produced three runs based on the Anserini 5 system and used depth-40 pools across these three runs using the Round 1 release of CORD-19 (April 10) to create the 0.5 set. abstract: TREC-COVID is a community evaluation designed to build a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic. One of the key characteristics of pandemic search is the accelerated rate of change: the topics of interest evolve as the pandemic progresses and the scientific literature in the area explodes. The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to capture this progression as it happens. TREC-COVID, in creating a test collection around COVID-19 literature, is building infrastructure to support new research and technologies in pandemic search. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.04474v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-273774-mg0wq9g0 author: Votto, Martina title: How pediatric resident’s life has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-16 words: 1058.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273774-mg0wq9g0.txt summary: Since the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, a few articles were published on the working experience of pediatric residents, especially from the most exposed countries worldwide. Pediatric residents continue to be essential pillars in managing and treating pediatric diseases and are currently fundamental health care providers for every ill patient, including children and adolescents with COVID-19. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is changing everyone''s life, this previously unknown disease can represent a training tool and a hard challenge for pediatric residents to improve their skills and take part in an ongoing process of knowledge. To the Editor, Since the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic [1] , a few articles were published on the working experience of pediatric residents. During the pandemic, pediatric residents continue to be essential pillars in managing and treating pediatric diseases and are currently fundamental health care providers for every ill patient, including children and adolescents with COVID-19. abstract: Since the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic, a few articles were published on the working experience of pediatric residents, especially from the most exposed countries worldwide. Pediatric residents continue to be essential pillars in managing and treating pediatric diseases and are currently fundamental health care providers for every ill patient, including children and adolescents with COVID-19. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is changing everyone’s life, this previously unknown disease can represent a training tool and a hard challenge for pediatric residents to improve their skills and take part in an ongoing process of knowledge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066820/ doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00920-6 id: cord-337674-mb6ue2hl author: Voulgaris, Athanasios title: Sleep medicine and COVID-19. Has a new era begun? date: 2020-07-17 words: 4544.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337674-mb6ue2hl.txt summary: This is especially important for the treatment of patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) since the application of positive airway pressure (PAP) can induce spread of aerosol and increase substantially the risk of infection [6] . A group of experts in SDB from the Chinese Thoracic Society provided feedback on the management of patients with OSA and suggested that sleep studies and initiation of PAP application should be continued only in regions with low incidence of COVID-19, preferably with the use of home sleep apnea tests (HSAT) [19] . In case where in-laboratory sleep studies are necessary, especially for PAP titration or insurance demands, these could be performed only after patients'' negative screening for COVID-19, according to local recommendations and hospital guidelines, with the personnel using all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) and keeping safe distances, as previously mentioned and according to WHO infection prevention and control guidance [34] . abstract: Since late December 2019, COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread rapidly around the world, causing unprecedented changes in provided health care services. Patients diagnosed with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are subject to a higher risk for worse outcomes from COVID-19, due to the high prevalence of coexistent comorbidities. Additionally, treatment with positive airway treatment devices (PAP) can also be challenging because of the greater transfer of PAP-induced droplets and aerosol. In this context, sleep medicine practices are entering a new era and need to adapt rapidly in these circumstances, so as to provide the best care for patients with SDB. Novel approaches like the application of telemedicine may play an important role in the management of patients with SDB during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945720303117?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.010 id: cord-301762-g14aik1e author: Voutsinas, Nicholas title: Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain date: 2020-05-28 words: 1878.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301762-g14aik1e.txt summary: As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. Our case series describes four patients who presented to our health system with only abdominal symptomatology but notably without respiratory or thoracic symptoms, which triggered abdominopelvic CT imaging. Excluded from this series are presumed COVID-19 patients who presented with abdominal pain and similar lung CT findings, but not confirmed positive with nasopharyngeal swab. abstract: As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. It remains to be seen whether these patients will eventually develop respiratory symptoms. While it is possible that the patients' abdominal complaints are coincidental with CT findings, it is interesting that patients can have such extensive incidental disease in the lungs on CT without respiratory symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32492557/ doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.05.021 id: cord-323686-1bmpvmdd author: Vrdoljak, Eduard title: Cancer and COVID-19; how do we manage cancer optimally through a public health crisis? date: 2020-04-18 words: 1070.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323686-1bmpvmdd.txt summary: Given our dramatically-changed emotional and social infrastructure, given media''s specific focus on COVID-19 over all other health issues (cancer included), through 24 news cycle and social media, we should carefully and precisely measure the impact of these cumulative medical and social changes on oncology outcomes, particularly in CEE/LMIC regions. Cancer is the leading cause of death in the developed World (4) and is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in LMICs. Every month in Europe we are diagnosing 352,500 new oncology patients (4). Stage migration upwards at diagnosis, less organized multidisciplinary teamwork, suboptimally delivered oncology therapy and reduced follow-up could cause significant increases in cancer morbidity and mortality. We need to balance the COVID-19 challenge and the preventive measures we are taking to mitigate this pandemic with the undeniable risk of increased morbidity and mortality for oncology patients in a COVID-19 prioritized health system. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804920301805?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.001 id: cord-275202-zq4vvini author: Vu, David title: Three unsuspected CT diagnoses of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-13 words: 1699.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275202-zq4vvini.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Using imaging characteristics of COVID-19 on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 infection can be quarantined earlier to limit exposure to others. Each patient had suspicious imaging findings for COVID-19, which prompted the interpreting radiologist to suggest that the clinical team test for COVID-19. Two days later, the patient was notified that he had tested positive for COVID-19 and was directed to remain isolated and to return to the emergency room if any acute respiratory symptoms developed. Using pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass or nodular opacities in a predominantly peripheral distribution on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 can be placed into isolation at the hospital earlier and be instructed to stay quarantined until the test results come back, limiting exposure to others. abstract: PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has quickly spread around the globe. Health care facilities in the USA currently do not have an adequate supply of COVID-19 tests to meet the growing demand. Imaging findings for COVID-19 are non-specific but include pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass opacities in a predominantly basal and peripheral distribution. METHODS: Three patients were imaged for non-respiratory-related symptoms with a portion of the lungs in the imaged field. RESULTS: Each patient had suspicious imaging findings for COVID-19, prompting the interpreting radiologist to suggest testing for COVID-19. All 3 patients turned out to be infected with COVID-19, and one patient is the first reported case of the coincident presentation of COVID-19 and an intraparenchymal hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Using imaging characteristics of COVID-19 on abdominal or neck CT when a portion of the lungs is included, patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 infection can be quarantined earlier to limit exposure to others. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-020-01775-4 doi: 10.1007/s10140-020-01775-4 id: cord-285327-m0yaa1oa author: Vuitton, Dominique A. title: A plea for the pathogenic role of immune complexes in severe Covid-19 date: 2020-06-08 words: 675.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285327-m0yaa1oa.txt summary: This hypothesis is justified by the delayed occurrence of the cytokine storm and patient''s aggravation, pathological observations of endothelitis, association with disseminated microvascular thrombosis in the most severe cases, and location of the lesions to specific organs, including heart, brain, kidney and skin [1, 4] ; similar observations are common in experimental and clinical models of pathogenic ICs, such as serum sickness, or viral diseases with IC deposition and massive inflammatory reactions [5] . In the recent weeks, observations of intravenous immunoglobulins-(Igs-) responsive Kawasaki-like disease in children with SARS-CoV2 infection [6] and the efficacy of IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in a severely ill COVID-19 teenage patient [7] were published. The specific humoral and cellular immune response towards SARS-CoV2 was comprehensively analyzed in a non-severe case of the disease [11] . Breadth of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32526273/ doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108493 id: cord-325274-krmr4d6h author: Vulliamy, Paul title: Acute aorto‐iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-15 words: 667.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325274-krmr4d6h.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes.2,3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state, 1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes. 2, 3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. correspondence Chest radiology demonstrated diffuse bilateral consolidation and peripheral ground-glass opacification consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Fig 1A) . CT angiography revealed an acute thrombotic occlusion of the infrarenal aorta extending into the common iliac arteries (Fig 1B) . Chest imaging was indicative of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Fig 1C) . abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported to induce a hypercoagulable state1 which is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes.2,3 Rates of thromboembolic events and use of augmented thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 are therefore the subject of significant interest. However, the clinical manifestations of this procoagulant tendency are poorly defined. In this report we describe two cases of major occlusive arterial events in previously asymptomatic individuals with confirmed COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353183/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16760 id: cord-283877-qy6s5xrw author: Vöö, Stefan title: Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lung perfusion imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: does nuclear medicine need to reconsider its guidelines? date: 2020-07-03 words: 1754.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283877-qy6s5xrw.txt summary: An area of interest and controversy in clinical practice remains that of ventilation-perfusion scans in patients with respiratory symptoms who are referred for nuclear medicine imaging to exclude pulmonary embolism as a differential diagnosis to other respiratory conditions. We think that a perfusion-only scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lowdose computed tomography (CT) of the chest while excluding the ventilation scan, as a first line investigation, could be still a well tolerated option while preserving the diagnostic quality of the scan and avoiding unnecessary risk related to aerosolization and possible viral spread. We, therefore, propose that lung perfusion-only SPECT-CT should be considered in patients with contraindications for CTPA and suspected acute PE during the COVID-19 pandemic as a first line of investigation. However, ventilation SPECT scan, although debatable, may still be performed, if lung perfusion scan is abnormal, after PCR swab testing preferably in PCR Covid-19 negative patients and with use or full PPE for aerosol generating procedures. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0000000000001246 doi: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001246 id: cord-273495-hruq0hdw author: Waffo Tchounga, C.A. title: Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-12 words: 3175.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273495-hruq0hdw.txt summary: authors: Waffo Tchounga, C.A.; Sacre, P.Y.; Ciza, P.; Ngono, R.; Ziemons, E.; Hubert, Ph.; Marini, R.D. title: Composition analysis of falsified chloroquine phosphate samples seized during the COVID-19 pandemic These suspect samples were first analyzed in a screening phase using field tools such as handheld Raman spectroscopy (TruScan) and then in a confirmation phase using laboratory tools such as hyperspectral Raman imaging and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A previous publication, at the origin of the WHO alert, showed about five falsified tableted chloroquine samples collected in Cameroon and DRC using thin layer chromatography (GPHF Minilab) as a screening method [16] [17] [18] . Raman imaging results showed the presence of chloroquine phosphate in samples F, G and H with correlation coefficients of 0.95, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. Falsified samples of chloroquine phosphate seized by Cameroon, DRC and Niger during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. abstract: The proliferation of falsified medicines can cause serious public health issues, particularly in the context of a global pandemic such as the actual COVID-19 pandemic. Our study involved eight chloroquine phosphate medicines seized in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Niger during March and May 2020. These suspect samples were first analyzed in a screening phase using field tools such as handheld Raman spectroscopy (TruScan) and then in a confirmation phase using laboratory tools such as hyperspectral Raman imaging and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed the falsified nature of the samples, highlighting the presence of metronidazole at low dose in four samples (16.6, 15.2, 15.2 and 14.5 mg/tab), too low levels of chloroquine in two samples (2.4 and 20.2 mg/tab), and substitution of chloroquine phosphate by paracetamol in one sample (255.7 mg/tab). The results also confirmed that four samples had been adulterated with paracetamol in trace amounts and two of them presented traces of chloramphenicol. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708520316472?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113761 id: cord-263002-f3itn0sb author: Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. title: Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections date: 2020-06-19 words: 3943.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263002-f3itn0sb.txt summary: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a clinically used Nrf2 activator [86] that could possibly be used to prevent the many heme-induced complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as edema, inflammation, and thrombosis and fibrosis by induction of the versatile HO-1 enzyme. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a clinically used Nrf2 activator [86] that could possibly be used to prevent the many heme-induced complications during SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as edema, inflammation, and thrombosis and fibrosis by induction of the versatile HO-1 enzyme. These predisposing conditions, and inflammation in general, downregulate HO-1 expression and activity [67, 74, [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] , further supporting that this compromised protection and diminished tolerance against inflammatory and oxidative stress promotes adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. Since dexamethasone reduces hemolysis and induces HO-1 in macrophages [113] , it is tempting to speculate that this increased protection against free heme attenuates the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic resulting in high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are often critically ill and show lung injury and hemolysis. Heme is a prosthetic moiety crucial for the function of a wide variety of heme-proteins, including hemoglobin and cytochromes. However, injury-derived free heme promotes adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment, vascular permeabilization, platelet activation, complement activation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Heme can be degraded by the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) generating biliverdin/bilirubin, iron/ferritin, and carbon monoxide. We therefore postulate that free heme contributes to many of the inflammatory phenomena witnessed in critically ill COVID-19 patients, whilst induction of HO-1 or harnessing heme may provide protection. HO-activity not only degrades injurious heme, but its effector molecules possess also potent salutary anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Until a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 becomes available, we need to explore novel strategies to attenuate the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, and pro-fibrotic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 leading to morbidity and mortality. The heme-HO system represents an interesting target for novel “proof of concept” studies in the context of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060540 doi: 10.3390/antiox9060540 id: cord-343414-2embihmf author: Wagner, Aaron B. title: Social distancing merely stabilized COVID‐19 in the US date: 2020-07-13 words: 4239.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343414-2embihmf.txt summary: Using the earlier of K‐12 school closures and restaurant closures, by state, to define the start of the intervention, and considering daily confirmed cases through April 23rd, 2020, we find that social distancing is associated with a statistically‐significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the doubling rate for all states except for Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota, when controlling for false discovery, with the doubling rate averaged across the states falling from 0.302 (0.285, 0.320) days(‐1) to 0.010 (‐0.007, 0.028) days(‐1). We focus on estimating the doubling rate, β, measured in inverse days, of new infections across the fifty states and the District of Columbia 1 , both before and after the intervention. This study finds that the social distancing measures enacted in the US are associated with a significant decrease in the doubling rate of COVID-19 infections. abstract: Social distancing measures have been imposed across the US in order to stem the spread of COVID‐19. We quantify the reduction in doubling rate, by state, that is associated with this intervention. Using the earlier of K‐12 school closures and restaurant closures, by state, to define the start of the intervention, and considering daily confirmed cases through April 23rd, 2020, we find that social distancing is associated with a statistically‐significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the doubling rate for all states except for Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota, when controlling for false discovery, with the doubling rate averaged across the states falling from 0.302 (0.285, 0.320) days(‐1) to 0.010 (‐0.007, 0.028) days(‐1). However, we do not find that social distancing has made the spread subcritical. Instead, social distancing has merely stabilized the spread of the disease. We provide an illustration of our findings for each state, including estimates of the effective reproduction number, R, both with and without social distancing. We also discuss the policy implications of our findings. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.302 doi: 10.1002/sta4.302 id: cord-258125-2kkqqgop author: Wagner, Peter title: Knowing How to Act Well in Time date: 2020-08-25 words: 5066.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258125-2kkqqgop.txt summary: Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In turn, the critics observe a crisis-driven move to authoritarianism, to new nationalism and restrictions to movement, to technocracy with political decisions based on expertise rather than deliberation, in short, the return to disciplinary society combined with isolation of individuals and loss of sociality. abstract: Numerous scholars in the social sciences and humanities have speedily analysed and interpreted the COVID-19-induced social and political crisis. While the commitment to address an urgent topic is to be appreciated, this article suggests that the combination of confidence in the applicability of one’s tools and belief in the certainty of the available knowledge can be counter-productive in the face of a phenomenon that in significant respects is unprecedented. Starting out from the plurality of forms of knowledge that are mobilized to analyse COVID-19 and its consequences as well as the lack of any clearly hegemonic knowledge, the article tries to understand how a limited convergence in the politico-medical responses to the crisis emerged, and speculates on what would have happened if this had not been the case. In conclusion, it is argued that this pandemic demands a greater awareness of the uncertainty of our knowledge and of the consequences of our actions, both in terms of being situated in time and of aiming at timeliness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840843/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10018-7 id: cord-348975-plne3xlz author: Wagner, Tyler title: Augmented curation of clinical notes from a massive EHR system reveals symptoms of impending COVID-19 diagnosis date: 2020-07-07 words: 4920.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348975-plne3xlz.txt summary: By contrasting Electronic Health Record (EHR)-derived symptoms of COVID-19-positive (COVID(pos); n = 2,317) versus COVID-19-negative (COVID(neg); n = 74,850) patients for the week preceding the PCR testing date, we identify anosmia/dysgeusia (27.1-fold), fever/chills (2.6-fold), respiratory difficulty (2.2-fold), cough (2.2-fold), myalgia/arthralgia (2-fold), and diarrhea (1.4-fold) as significantly amplified in COVID(pos) over COVID(neg) patients. In order to investigate the time course of COVID-19 progression in patients and better define the presence or absence of symptoms, we used BERT-based deep neural networks to extract symptoms and their putative synonyms from the clinical notes for the week prior to the date when the COVID-19 diagnosis test was taken (see Materials and methods; Table 1 ). Augmented curation of the unstructured clinical notes from the EHR reveals specific clinically confirmed phenotypes that are amplified in COVID pos patients over COVID neg patients in the week prior to the SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing date. abstract: Understanding temporal dynamics of COVID-19 symptoms could provide fine-grained resolution to guide clinical decision-making. Here, we use deep neural networks over an institution-wide platform for the augmented curation of clinical notes from 77,167 patients subjected to COVID-19 PCR testing. By contrasting Electronic Health Record (EHR)-derived symptoms of COVID-19-positive (COVID(pos); n = 2,317) versus COVID-19-negative (COVID(neg); n = 74,850) patients for the week preceding the PCR testing date, we identify anosmia/dysgeusia (27.1-fold), fever/chills (2.6-fold), respiratory difficulty (2.2-fold), cough (2.2-fold), myalgia/arthralgia (2-fold), and diarrhea (1.4-fold) as significantly amplified in COVID(pos) over COVID(neg) patients. The combination of cough and fever/chills has 4.2-fold amplification in COVID(pos) patients during the week prior to PCR testing, in addition to anosmia/dysgeusia, constitutes the earliest EHR-derived signature of COVID-19. This study introduces an Augmented Intelligence platform for the real-time synthesis of institutional biomedical knowledge. The platform holds tremendous potential for scaling up curation throughput, thus enabling EHR-powered early disease diagnosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633720/ doi: 10.7554/elife.58227 id: cord-329996-f2hxpat3 author: Wahlster, Sarah title: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Critical Care Resources and Providers: A Global Survey date: 2020-09-11 words: 3834.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329996-f2hxpat3.txt summary: Emotional distress or burnout was high across regions (52%, highest in North America), and associated with female gender (aRR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01-1.33), being a nurse (aRR:1.31, 95% CI:1.13-1.53), reporting a shortage of ICU nurses (aRR:1.18, 95% CI:1.05-1.33) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) (aRR:1.30 95% CI:1.09-1.55), as well as experiencing poor communication from supervisors (aRR:1.30, 95% CI:1.16-1.46). We conducted multivariate log-binomial regression to assess predictors of three main outcomes: 1) limiting the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) for COVID-19 patients; 2) changing policies or practices of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and 3) reporting emotional distress and burnout. In the multivariate regression, the likelihood of limiting MV was 2-3 times higher in all other world regions compared to North America (Table 3a) , highest in settings where a lack of ventilators was reported (aRR:2.10, 95% CI:1.61-2.74), and marginally associated with lack of PAPRs and caring for >50 COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and Critical Care Healthcare Providers (HCPs) worldwide. Research Question How do regional differences and perceived lack of ICU resources affect critical care resource utilization and the well-being of HCPs? Study Design and Methods Between April 23rd-May 7th 2020, we electronically administered a 41-question survey to interdisciplinary HCPs caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The survey was distributed via critical care societies, research networks, personal contacts, and social media portals. Responses were tabulated by World Bank region. We performed multivariate log-binomial regression to assess factors associated with three main outcomes: 1) Limiting mechanical ventilation (MV), 2) changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) practices, and 3) emotional distress or burnout. Results We included 2700 respondents from 77 countries, including physicians (41%), nurses (40%), respiratory therapists (10%) and advanced practice providers (8%). The reported lack of ICU nurses was higher than that of intensivists (32% vs 15%). Limiting MV for COVID-19 patients was reported by 16% of respondents, was lowest in North America (10%), and was associated with reduced ventilator availability (aRR:2.10, 95% CI:1.61-2.74). Overall, 66% of respondents reported changes in CPR practices. Emotional distress or burnout was high across regions (52%, highest in North America), and associated with female gender (aRR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01-1.33), being a nurse (aRR:1.31, 95% CI:1.13-1.53), reporting a shortage of ICU nurses (aRR:1.18, 95% CI:1.05-1.33) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) (aRR:1.30 95% CI:1.09-1.55), as well as experiencing poor communication from supervisors (aRR:1.30, 95% CI:1.16-1.46). Interpretation Our findings demonstrate variability in ICU resource availability and utilization worldwide. The high prevalence of provider burnout, and its association with reported insufficient resources and poor communication from supervisors suggest a need for targeted interventions to support HCPs on the front lines. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001236922034438X doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.070 id: cord-290523-pqah68j8 author: Waite, Roberta title: Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date: 2020-10-22 words: 1038.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt summary: These communities have struggled with limited access to healthcare services and insufficient primary care providers, long standing unemployment, a dearth of businesses in the community, chronic illnesses, and a panoply of health risks and stressors that contribute to the pronounced lifespan gap between white and black Chicago residents (Pratt, 2020) The panel consists of not only the usual business leaders and healthcare experts, but a representative from NAMI and community advocates such as Mr. Anton Seals Jr., whose words are quoted at the beginning of this piece. We hope the work of the panel and these other models will be used as best practice guides to change the economic maps and social injustices that foster these health disparities still, especially for the black and brown racialized populations in this country. The new normal they can create should include better distribution of resources, such as clean water, more primary care providers, telehealth and telecounseling services, to people who need them…wherever they live. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883941720305665 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.010 id: cord-323103-55yjl25x author: Waitzkin, Howard title: Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow date: 2020-08-03 words: 2142.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323103-55yjl25x.txt summary: Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. This pandemic and every other important emerging viral epidemic in the recent past and predictably into the future come from the same upstream causes: capitalist industrial agriculture, destruction of natural habitat, and production of meat. Changing the upstream causes of epidemics such as COVID19 and others yet to come becomes a key scientific and practical priority for medicine and public health, considering the future of humanity and other inhabitants of the planet. abstract: The upstream causes of the COVID-19 pandemic have received little attention so far in public health and clinical medicine, as opposed to the downstream effects of mass morbidity and mortality. To resolve this pandemic and to prevent even more severe future pandemics, a focus on upstream causation is essential. Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. International and national health organizations have obscured the upstream causes of emerging viral epidemics. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. Conflicts of interest also have impacted public health policies. A worldwide shift has begun toward peasant agricultural practices: Research so far has shown that peasant agriculture is safer and more efficient than capitalist industrial agricultural practices. Without such a transformation of agriculture, even more devastating pandemics will result from the same upstream causes. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731420946612 doi: 10.1177/0020731420946612 id: cord-266283-xnzdkxm3 author: Wakfie-Corieh, Cristina Gamila title: Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies date: 2020-09-08 words: 4503.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266283-xnzdkxm3.txt summary: title: Assessment of extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia detected on (18)F-FDG PET-CT studies We evaluated the extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through (18)F-FDG PET-CT. RESULTS: A total of 23 (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans with pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of COVID-19 and available laboratory data were included: 14 positive (cases) and 9 negative (controls) for COVID-19 infection, representing a low prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia (1.3%). CONCLUSION: In cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia, (18)F-FDG PET-CT findings are more frequently limited to thoracic structures, suggesting that an early and silent distant involvement is very rare. This research was aimed to evaluate the extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia derived to 18 F-FDG PET-CT. The 18 F-FDG uptake related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is more often limited to thoracic structures, suggesting that an early and silent extra-thoracic involvement is very rare in cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing PET-CT has been previously reported. However, FDG uptake outside lung parenchyma was poorly characterized in detail. We evaluated the extra-parenchymal lung involvement in asymptomatic cancer patients with COVID-19 pneumonia through (18)F-FDG PET-CT. METHODS: A total of 1079 oncologic (18)F-FDG PET-CT were performed between February 2 and May 18, 2020. Confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia was defined as characteristic ground-glass bilateral CT infiltrates and positive genetic/serologic tests. Nonmetastatic extra-parenchymal lung PET-CT findings were evaluated through qualitative (visual), quantitative (measurements on CT), and semiquantitative (maximum standardized uptake value: SUVmax on PET) interpretation. Clinical data, blood tests, and PET-CT results were compared between patients with and without COVID-19 pneumonia. RESULTS: A total of 23 (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans with pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of COVID-19 and available laboratory data were included: 14 positive (cases) and 9 negative (controls) for COVID-19 infection, representing a low prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia (1.3%). Serum lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimers tended to be increased in COVID-19 cases. Extra-parenchymal lung findings were found in 42.9% of patients with COVID-19, most frequently as mediastinal and hilar nodes with (18)F-FDG uptake (35.7%), followed by incidental pulmonary embolism in two patients (14.3%). In the control group, extra-pulmonary findings were observed in a single patient (11.1%) with (18)F-FDG uptake located to mediastinal, hilar, and cervical nodes. Nasopharyngeal and hepatic SUVmax were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In cancer patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia, (18)F-FDG PET-CT findings are more frequently limited to thoracic structures, suggesting that an early and silent distant involvement is very rare. Pulmonary embolism is a frequent and potentially severe finding raising special concern. PET-CT can provide new pathogenic insights about this novel disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-05019-y doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05019-y id: cord-326527-j6ihs6jx author: Walker, Graham title: Psychological Defence Mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Series date: 2020-11-07 words: 2698.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326527-j6ihs6jx.txt summary: This paper aims to describe a range of psychological defence mechanisms encountered within colleagues in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Deeper understanding of the gold-standard hierarchical organization of defence mechanisms could help increase utilisation of specific therapeutic interventions for enhancing changes from immature to mature defensive responses to stressful experiences as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. It has been proposed that defence mechanisms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could be more typically immature, in that anxiety over the viral outbreak can be temporarily alleviated by alteration of painful mental contents and/or radical distortion of external reality 10 . J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Despite these described negative impacts of defence mechanisms, they have also played an important role as protective factors against psychological distress during the COVID-19 Using the methodology of a case series, this paper aims to describe a range of psychological defence mechanisms encountered within colleagues in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 has had a negative effect on mental health across the world's population. Healthcare workers in particular have experienced increased levels of psychological distress, depression and anxiety. Any perceived stress to an individual can provoke psychological defence mechanisms. Using psychoanalytic theory, a defence mechanism is described as an unconscious psychological strategy, with or without resulting behaviour, which aims to reduce or eliminate anxiety arising from unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli. This paper aims to describe a range of psychological defence mechanisms encountered within colleagues in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using the methodology of a case series, specific defence mechanisms are explored with reference to further literature in the field. RESULTS: The author has encountered varying psychological defence mechanisms, both within himself and in other members of the multidisciplinary team. These have been illustrated in the attached clinical vignettes, relating to the specific psychological coping mechanisms of; denial, hypochondriasis, altruism, sublimation and humour. CONCLUSION: We encourage acknowledgement of psychological defence mechanisms and their implications on day to day practice. Whilst defence mechanisms can have a number of negative consequences as described in this article, they also have an important role, particularly in the case of mature defence mechanisms, as protective factors against psychological distress and symptom formation. Deeper understanding of the gold-standard hierarchical organization of defence mechanisms could help increase utilisation of specific therapeutic interventions for enhancing changes from immature to mature defensive responses to stressful experiences as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0213616320300914 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2020.10.005 id: cord-350784-v8n44lwa author: Walker, J. L. title: UK prevalence of underlying conditions which increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: a point prevalence study using electronic health records date: 2020-08-26 words: 5235.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350784-v8n44lwa.txt summary: Findings On 5 March 2019, 24.4% of the UK population were at risk due to a record of at least one underlying health condition, including 8.3% of school-aged children, 19.6% of working-aged adults, and 66.2% of individuals aged 70 years or more. This study aimed to quantify the size, composition, and distribution of the population at risk of severe COVID-19 across the UK in March 2019, using electronic health records to define at-risk status based on all underlying conditions in national guidance. We conducted a point prevalence study among the UK general population using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD dataset, an anonymised sample of electronic health records from primary care practices across the UK. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. abstract: Background This study aimed to describe the population at risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions across the United Kingdom in 2019. Methods We used anonymised electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD to describe the point prevalence on 5 March 2019 of the at-risk population following national guidance. Prevalence for any risk condition and for each individual condition is given overall and stratified by age and region. We repeated the analysis on 5 March 2014 for full regional representation and to describe prevalence of underlying health conditions in pregnancy. We additionally described the population of cancer survivors, and assessed the value of linked secondary care records for ascertaining COVID-19 at-risk status. Findings On 5 March 2019, 24.4% of the UK population were at risk due to a record of at least one underlying health condition, including 8.3% of school-aged children, 19.6% of working-aged adults, and 66.2% of individuals aged 70 years or more. 7.1% of the population had multimorbidity. The size of the at-risk population was stable over time comparing 2014 to 2019, despite increases in chronic liver disease and diabetes and decreases in chronic kidney disease and current asthma. Separately, 1.6% of the population had a new diagnosis of cancer in the past five years. Interpretation The population at risk of severe COVID-19 (aged [≥]70 years, or with an underlying health condition) comprises 18.5 million individuals in the UK, including a considerable proportion of school-aged and working-aged individuals. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.24.20179192v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20179192 id: cord-327151-jn1w8h2p author: Walker, Kate F title: Maternal transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis date: 2020-06-12 words: 3707.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327151-jn1w8h2p.txt summary: MAIN RESULTS: We included 49 studies which included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant''s infection status. Many early reports of COVID-19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, isolation of the neonate from the mother at birth and formula feeding. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they, were case reports or case series, of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 infection. These studies included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant''s infection status. It is disappointing that the details of outcome and care of so many neonatal cases born to COVID-19 positive mothers have not been fully reported. Our data suggest that COVID-19 disease should not be an indication for Caesarean birth, formula feeding or isolation of the infant from the mother. Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review abstract: BACKGROUND: Early reports of COVID‐19 in pregnancy described management by caesarean, strict isolation of the neonate and formula feeding, is this practise justified? OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of the neonate becoming infected with SARS‐COV‐2 by mode of delivery, type of infant feeding and mother‐infant interaction SEARCH STRATEGY: Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 ‐ June 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: Case reports or case series of pregnant women with confirmed COVID‐19, where neonatal outcomes were reported. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was extracted on mode of delivery, infant infection status, infant feeding and mother‐infant interaction. For reported infant infection a critical analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of vertical transmission. MAIN RESULTS: We included 49 studies which included 666 neonates and 655 women where information was provided on the mode of delivery and the infant’s infection status. 28/666 (4%) neonates had confirmed COVID‐19 infection postnatally. Of the 291 women who delivered vaginally, 8/292 (2.7%) neonates were positive. Of the 364 women who had a Caesarean birth, 20/374 (5.3%) neonates were positive. Of the 28 neonates with confirmed COVID‐19 infection, 7 were breast fed, 3 formula fed, 1 was given expressed breast milk and in 17 neonates the method of infant feeding was not reported. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal COVID‐19 infection is uncommon, uncommonly symptomatic, and the rate of infection is no greater when the baby is born vaginally, breastfed or allowed contact with the mother. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16362 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16362 id: cord-313528-rp15vi1o author: Wallace, Douglas W. title: An adapted emergency department triage algorithm for the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-10 words: 2111.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313528-rp15vi1o.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. 3 Hospitals across the United States have adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting nonessential patient interaction and transforming their emergency departments (EDs) to treat patients who are both critically ill and highly contagious. It is the authors'' hope that use of this triage algorithm and PPE recommendations will aid frontline emergency clinicians in the ongoing response to COVID-19. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, with its public health implications, high case fatality rate, and strain on hospital resources, will continue to challenge clinicians and researchers alike for months to come. Accurate triage of patients during the pandemic will assign patients to the appropriate level of care, provide the best care for the maximum number of patients, rationally limit personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and mitigate nosocomial exposures. The authors describe an adapted COVID‐19 pandemic triage algorithm for emergency departments (EDs) guided by the best available evidence and responses to prior pandemics, with recommendations for clinician PPE use for each level of encounter in the setting of an ongoing PPE shortage. Our algorithm adheres to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and supports discharge of patients with mild symptoms coupled with explicit and strict return precautions and infection control education. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12210 doi: 10.1002/emp2.12210 id: cord-318938-7d731q65 author: Wallentin, Lars title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in relation to risk factors for COVID-19 in two large cohorts of patients with atrial fibrillation date: 2020-09-27 words: 4630.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318938-7d731q65.txt summary: In unadjusted analyses and after adjustment for clinical variables and medical treatment, male sex, diabetes, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and age were consistently associated with higher sACE2 levels in both cohorts ( Figure 3A ; Supplementary material online, Table S2 ). The results showed that higher levels of sACE2 were associated with male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age, which are also the main risk factors for complications and mortality of COVID-19 infections. The indication that male sex and clinical or biomarker indicators of biological ageing, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes might be associated with a specific mechanism leading to higher risk of more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection might be useful for risk stratification concerning COVID-19. The close association between biomarkers and the sACE2 level suggests that biological ageing and cardiovascular disease and dysfunction might lead to increased ACE2 expression and a potentially higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 binding and more severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: AIMS: The global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus entering human cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell surface receptor. ACE2 is shed to the circulation, and a higher plasma level of soluble ACE2 (sACE2) might reflect a higher cellular expression of ACE2. The present study explored the associations between sACE2 and clinical factors, cardiovascular biomarkers, and genetic variability. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma and DNA samples were obtained from two international cohorts of elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (n = 3999 and n = 1088). The sACE2 protein level was measured by the Olink Proteomics(®) Multiplex CVD II(96 × 96) panel. Levels of the biomarkers high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and cystatin-C were determined by immunoassays. Genome-wide association studies were performed by Illumina chips. Higher levels of sACE2 were statistically significantly associated with male sex, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and older age. The sACE2 level was most strongly associated with the levels of GDF-15, NT-proBNP, and hs-cTnT. When adjusting for these biomarkers, only male sex remained associated with sACE2. We found no statistically significant genetic regulation of the sACE2 level. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex and clinical or biomarker indicators of biological ageing, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are associated with higher sACE2 levels. The levels of GDF-15 and NT-proBNP, which are associated both with the sACE2 level and a higher risk for mortality and cardiovascular disease, might contribute to better identification of risk for severe COVID-19 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa697 doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa697 id: cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date: 2020-09-04 words: 7908.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt summary: EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. Several themes emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that would be critical or beneficial to genitourinary cancer care in the future ( Fig. 1) : first, reduced in-person interactions argued for increasing virtual and image-based care; second, optimising the delivery of care to include better triage, understanding and addressing mental health implications due to less in-person care, and maintaining high-quality research and education endeavours are necessary; and third, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities may affect decision-making by patients and their families. abstract: CONTEXT: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated rapid changes in medical practice. Many of these changes may add value to care, creating opportunities going forward. OBJECTIVE: To provide an evidence-informed, expert-derived review of genitourinary cancer care moving forward following the initial COVID-19 pandemic. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Patterns of care will evolve following the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine, virtual care, and telemonitoring will increase and could offer broader access to multidisciplinary expertise without increasing costs. Comprehensive and integrative telehealth solutions will be necessary, and should consider patients’ mental health and access differences due to socioeconomic status. Investigations and treatments will need to maximise efficiency and minimise health care interactions. Solutions such as one stop clinics, day case surgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and oral or less frequent drug dosing will be preferred. The pandemic necessitated a triage of those patients whose treatment should be expedited, delayed, or avoided, and may persist with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in circulation. Patients whose demographic characteristics are at the highest risk of complications from COVID-19 may re-evaluate the benefit of intervention for less aggressive cancers. Clinical research will need to accommodate virtual care and trial participation. Research dissemination and medical education will increasingly utilise virtual platforms, limiting in-person professional engagement; ensure data dissemination; and aim to enhance patient engagement. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic will have lasting effects on the delivery of health care. These changes offer opportunities to improve access, delivery, and the value of care for patients with genitourinary cancers but raise concerns that physicians and health administrators must consider in order to ensure equitable access to care. PATIENT SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the care provided to many patients with genitourinary cancers. This has necessitated a transition to telemedicine, changes in threshold or delays in many treatments, and an opportunity to reimagine patient care to maintain safety and improve value moving forward. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S030228382030676X doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.08.030 id: cord-289008-c4cu3vrp author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: Risks from Deferring Treatment for Genitourinary Cancers: A Collaborative Review to Aid Triage and Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-03 words: 9353.0 sentences: 446.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289008-c4cu3vrp.txt summary: Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk of disease progression, with radical cystectomy delays beyond 12 wk from diagnosis or completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To this end, PubMed was searched from inception until April 2, 2020 to identify studies examining the association between delays in treatment and clinical outcomes, including upstaging, recurrence, and mortality for patients with bladder cancer (BC; both muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive disease), prostate cancer (PCa), kidney cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer, germ cell tumors, and penile cancer. Where radiotherapy is planned to be administered, a recent Cochrane Database systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies including 8278 patients demonstrated that for those with intermediate-and high-risk PCa, hypofractionation is associated with equivalent oncologic outcomes (MFS, disease-specific survival, and OS), as well as functional outcomes [64] . abstract: CONTEXT: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to delays in the treatment of many urologic cancers. OBJECTIVE: To provide a contemporary picture of the risks from delayed treatment for urologic cancers to assist with triage. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative review using literature published as of April 2, 2020. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Patients with low-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are unlikely to suffer from a 3–6-month delay. Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk of disease progression, with radical cystectomy delays beyond 12 wk from diagnosis or completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prioritization of these patients for surgery or management with radiochemotherapy is encouraged. Active surveillance should be used for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Treatment of most patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa can be deferred 3–6 mo without change in outcomes. The same may be true for cancers with the highest risk of progression. With radiotherapy, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care. For surgery, although the added value of neoadjuvant ADT is questionable, it may be considered if a patient is interested in such an approach. Intervention may be safely deferred for T1/T2 renal masses, while locally advanced renal tumors (≥T3) should be treated expeditiously. Patients with metastatic renal cancer may consider vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy over immunotherapy. Risks for delay in the treatment of upper tract urothelial cancer depend on grade and stage. For patients with high-grade disease, delays of 12 wk in nephroureterectomy are not associated with adverse survival outcomes. Expert guidance recommends expedient local treatment of testis cancer. In penile cancer, adverse outcomes have been observed with delays of ≥3 mo before inguinal lymphadenectomy. Limitations include a paucity of data and methodologic variations for many cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and clinicians should consider the oncologic risk of delayed cancer intervention versus the risks of COVID-19 to the patient, treating health care professionals, and the health care system. PATIENT SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to delays in the treatment of patients with urologic malignancies. Based on a review of the literature, patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, advanced kidney cancer, testicular cancer, and penile cancer should be prioritized for treatment during these challenging times. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0302283820303316?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.063 id: cord-254144-8h6cli5d author: Wallis, Lee A. title: African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings date: 2020-06-16 words: 380.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254144-8h6cli5d.txt summary: title: African Federation for Emergency Medicine resources for managing COVID-19 in low resourced settings In the meantime, AFEM would like to signpost to the open access, interim WHO Clinical management of COVID-19 guidelines. Practical and realistic strategies are presented for the care of patients of all severity levels, with the assumption that there is no easy access to more advanced testing such as troponin or CT scan. In these settings, the number of patients will significantly outweigh available resources. These resources are intended to assist with clinical management in these settings, but we can never replace clinical decision making at the bedside. COVID-19) outbreak Geneva: World Health Organization Available from Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Geneva: World Health Organization Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) situation Geneva: World Health Organization Available from A retrospective analysis of patient care in a district-level hospital in Uganda abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2020.06.001 id: cord-264237-s14pygkh author: Wallis, Neil title: Implementation of field hospital pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 words: 2440.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264237-s14pygkh.txt summary: The decision of which medications to stock at the FH was determined using the inventory list for an ADC on a UMMMC floor caring for patients with an acuity level and comorbidities similar to those of patients with COVID-19. Additionally, pharmacy managers determined that in the event the hospital reached maximum capacity, this arrangement would allow for expansion of staff resources beyond the initial FH staffing model. Patient-specific medications needed outside of this time frame were delivered by a courier service and received by the on-site pharmacist or a charge nurse if delivered outside of first-shift hours. The staffing model, policies, and procedures described here allowed for the successful integration of pharmacy services into FH operations during a surge in COVID-19 cases. On-site pharmacy services helped ensure that patients received care services equivalent to the services provided at surrounding hospitals. abstract: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32539128/ doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa211 id: cord-336669-i7yul1c1 author: Walsh, Mary Norine title: COVID-19 pandemic and cardiovascular complications: what have we learned so far? date: 2020-06-15 words: 1409.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336669-i7yul1c1.txt summary: Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3), transient AV block in the absence of myocarditis (4) , sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation(5), and finally a provocative case on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . Another report suggested an increased risk for coronary stent thrombosis (Figure 3) causing STEMI in infected patients (11, 12) . Third, a number of cases of STEMI mimics were submitted including patients with ST-segment elevation due to myopericarditis, Brugada pattern, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or endothelial dysfunction due to infection or cytokine storm. The now well-recognized thromboembolic disorders encountered with this disease include a case in this issue of massive pulmonary embolism and resultant severe right heart failure (8) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.06.017 doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.06.017 id: cord-255940-chb4iuis author: Walton, David A. title: Facility-Level Approaches for COVID-19 When Caseload Surpasses Surge Capacity date: 2020-06-26 words: 1801.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255940-chb4iuis.txt summary: We present two COVID-19 treatment center designs that leverage lessons learned from previous outbreaks of communicable infectious diseases and provide potential solutions when caseload exceeds existing capacity, with and without access to SARS-CoV-2 testing. These designs are intended for settings in which health facilities and testing resources for COVID-19 are surpassed during the pandemic, are adaptable to local conditions and constraints, and mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial transmission while offering an option to care for hospitalized patients. To respond to the immediate crisis facing health workers and patients, we propose a COVID-19 treatment center design ( Figure 1 ) that harnesses lessons learned from other outbreaks and adheres to infection prevention and control principles recommended by the WHO for the novel coronavirus. The design assumes that two thresholds have been reached: first, the health center no longer has space to individually isolate COVID-19 patients, and second, laboratory capacity is limited or surpassed, such that rapid, accurate testing for COVID-19 may not be available, as is the reality facing our colleagues in Haiti. abstract: As COVID-19 cases continue to increase globally, fragile health systems already facing challenges with health system infrastructure, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic capacity, and patient isolation capabilities may be left with few options to effectively care for acutely ill patients. Haiti—with only two laboratories that can perform reverse transcriptase PCR for SARS-CoV-2, a paucity of hospital beds, and an exponential increase in cases—provides an example that underpins the need for immediate infrastructure solutions for the crisis. We present two COVID-19 treatment center designs that leverage lessons learned from previous outbreaks of communicable infectious diseases and provide potential solutions when caseload exceeds existing capacity, with and without access to SARS-CoV-2 testing. These designs are intended for settings in which health facilities and testing resources for COVID-19 are surpassed during the pandemic, are adaptable to local conditions and constraints, and mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial transmission while offering an option to care for hospitalized patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32597389/ doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0681 id: cord-307128-wwjeu8ie author: Walz, Lucas title: Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-11 words: 4394.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307128-wwjeu8ie.txt summary: title: Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and by their ability to promote viral clearance in past coronaviruses, respectively. METHODS: MEDLINE and MedRxiv were searched until July 30(th), 2020, including studies that compared treatment outcomes of humans treated with JAK-inhibitor or Type I interferon against controls. Meta-analysis of 3 sets of studies with 990, 454, and 1480 patients receiving Type I interferon therapy revealed that there were no significant associations between receiving Type I interferon therapy, compared to standard of care, and ICU admittance, requiring mechanical ventilation, or developing a severe or critical case of COVID-19, respectively (p>0.05; Figure 3B ; Figure 3C ; Figure 3D ).[28-36] The analyses included 97, 167, and 537 control patients, respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 17 million. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and by their ability to promote viral clearance in past coronaviruses, respectively. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate role of these therapies in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: MEDLINE and MedRxiv were searched until July 30(th), 2020, including studies that compared treatment outcomes of humans treated with JAK-inhibitor or Type I interferon against controls. Inclusion necessitated data with clear risk estimates or those that permitted back-calculation. RESULTS: We searched 733 studies, ultimately including four randomized and eleven non-randomized clinical trials. JAK-inhibitor recipients had significantly reduced odds of mortality (OR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.03–0.39, p=0.0005) and ICU admission (OR, 0.05; 95%CI, 0.01–0.26, p=0.0005), and had significantly increased odds of hospital discharge (OR, 22.76; 95%CI, 10.68–48.54, p<0.00001), when compared to standard treatment group. Type I interferon recipients had significantly reduced odds of mortality (OR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.04–0.85, p=0.03), and increased odds of discharge bordering significance (OR, 1.89; 95%CI, 1.00–3.59, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: JAK-inhibitor treatment is significantly associated with positive clinical outcomes regarding mortality, ICU admission, and discharge. Type I interferon treatment is associated with positive clinical outcomes regarding mortality and discharge. While these data show promise, additional randomized clinical trials are needed to further elucidate the efficacy of JAK-inhibitors and Type I interferons and clinical outcomes in COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.20172189 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.10.20172189 id: cord-257142-q79yy6o5 author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID‐19 disease severity date: 2020-05-15 words: 3188.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257142-q79yy6o5.txt summary: Similarly, we believe that shorter CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene may be associated with increased COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. A spectrum of androgenic activity would imply in polar pauciviral COVID-19 (e.g., children < 7), with null airway/fecal transmission potential, women with normal androgen activity would have low transmission potential (borderline pauciviral COVID-19), male teenagers and adults would have high transmission potential (borderline multiviral , and infected individuals with abnormally high androgen receptor activity (genetic or acquired) would represent the multiviral COVID-19 pole of the spectrum, with extremely high transmission To further test this hypothesis, it would be interesting to observe for severe COVID cases in female patients who present with increase androgens, for example, females with metabolic syndrome, or whom are using birth control methods with progestogen hormones that bind to androgen receptor. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is likely to be androgen mediated abstract: In this communication, we present arguments for androgen sensitivity as a likely determinant of COVID‐19 disease severity. The androgen sensitivity model explains why males are more likely to develop severe symptoms while children are ostensibly resistant to infection. Further, the model explains the difference in COVID‐19 mortality rates among different ethnicities. Androgen sensitivity is determined by genetic variants of the androgen receptor. The androgen receptor regulates transcription of the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity. TMPRSS2 primes the Spike protein of the virus, which has two consequences: diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and activating SARS‐CoV‐2 for virus‐cell fusion. Genetic variants that have been associated with androgenetic alopecia, prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome could be associated with host susceptibility. In addition to theoretical epidemiological and molecular mechanisms, there are reports of high rates of androgenetic alopecia of from hospitalized COVID‐19 patients due to severe symptoms. Androgen sensitivity is a likely determinant of COVID‐19 disease severity. We believe that the evidence presented in this communication warrants the initiation of trials using anti‐androgen agents. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21688 doi: 10.1002/ddr.21688 id: cord-294871-bqw48zi5 author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign date: 2020-07-29 words: 639.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294871-bqw48zi5.txt summary: title: Androgenetic alopecia in COVID-19: compared to age-matched epidemiologic studies and hospital outcomes with or without the Gabrin sign For example, our Indian colleagues, in a 56 pilot observational prospective study (raw data available at doi.org/10.17632/jdkx76y8fz.1), 57 examined outcomes in admitted COVID-19 patients by AGA severity. To further exemplify that, we present in this reply letter one of our 71 unpublished patients from Brazil: a previously healthy 37-year-old physician (HNS=5, depicted 72 in Fig1), with no previous co-morbidities; he required hospitalization for 21 days, which 73 included 16 days in the ICU (ventilator for 10 days and hemodialysis for 5 days). 5 It is remarkable that severe outcomes 81 such as requirement for ventilator and/or fatalities have occurred in men with this phenotype 82 without other known co-morbidities at younger age groups, such as 35-45 years. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32735970/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.099 id: cord-329353-0pwgzeec author: Wambier, Carlos Gustavo title: Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals date: 2020-09-11 words: 704.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329353-0pwgzeec.txt summary: title: Male balding as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19: a possible role for targeting androgens and transmembrane protease serine 2 to protect vulnerable individuals Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Gabrin sign; vulnerability; androgen receptor; androgenetic 29 alopecia; anti-androgen therapy; transmembrane protease serine 2; TMPRSS2; Dutasteride; 7. 4 Recently, results of a study using 58 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f bromhexine hydrochloride, a common cough over-the-counter medication only available 59 outside the United States were reported. 4 Results of our recent COVID-19 prospective cohort study 67 involving 77 hospitalized men were also particularly encouraging: Only 1 out of 12 individuals 68 were admitted to the ICU (8%) in the cohort of men using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors or other 69 anti-androgen drugs (dutasteride=9, finasteride=2, and spironolactone=1), versus 38 out of 65 70 men (58%) not taking anti-androgens (p=0.0015). Medications that target TMPRSS2 have demonstrated improved COVID-19 outcomes in clinical 73 studies, and have the potential to protect vulnerable individuals during the pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962220326001?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.015 id: cord-335795-hdko0zdw author: Wamsley, Christine E title: Trends and Challenges of Telehealth in an Academic Institution: The Unforeseen Benefits of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date: 2020-07-22 words: 5004.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335795-hdko0zdw.txt summary: Age, type of visit, no-show rates, and geographic distance of the patient''s residence from UTSW for telehealth and in-person ambulatory scheduled encounters from January 1, 2020, through April 30, 2020, which were available to the UTSW community, were gathered and analyzed. The percentage of new patients seen From January through April 2020, 3313 (7.9%) of the scheduled appointments were telephone visits, and 38,510 (92.1%) were virtual care encounters, which included both audio and video ( Figure 3) . Whether this is due to the relaxed regulations at the state and federal levels, increased provider comfort with the technology, or increased patient awareness of the available platform, the data show that telehealth may be utilized not only to care for established patients but as a resource for bringing in new patients to our institution. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a reorganization of healthcare delivery, shedding light on the many unrealized advantages telehealth has to offer. In addition to facilitating social distancing, minimizing the risk of pathogen exposure, and preserving healthcare resources, there are many benefits of utilizing this platform that can extend beyond the current pandemic, which will change the way healthcare is delivered for generations to come. With the rapid expansion of telehealth, we present data from our high-volume academic institution’s telehealth efforts, with a more focused analysis of plastic surgery. Although state legislation regarding telehealth varies greatly, we discuss challenges such as legal issues, logistical constraints, privacy concerns, and billing. We also discuss various advantages and the future direction of telehealth not only for plastic surgery but also its general utilization for the future of medicine in the United States. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa212 doi: 10.1093/asj/sjaa212 id: cord-350236-7fit8q1s author: Wan, Bin title: On-site analysis of COVID-19 on the surfaces in wards date: 2020-08-18 words: 1565.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350236-7fit8q1s.txt summary: Herein, surface contamination in the ward was detected on-site using an RNA extraction-free rapid method. (Guo et al., 2020; These researchers confirmed the virus by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which typically performs deactivation, nucleic acid extraction, and RT-PCR amplification of the collected samples. Samples were collected from seven sites: 1) bedrail; 2) bedside cupboard; 3) chairs; 4) door handles of the bathroom; 5) light switches; 6) remote controller or beeper; 7) fingertip of electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring. We successfully applied an extraction-free SARS-Cov-2 isothermal amplification detection method to on-site analysis of surface contamination by COVID-19 patients in wards. Among 31 cases collected from 18 March to 27 April of 2020, 72.7% reported positive amplifications on the ECG fingertip, indicating that this surface is an important hygiene site. -The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wards was confirmed by nucleic acid isothermal amplification. abstract: Abstract SARS-Cov-2 has erupted across the globe, and confirmed cases of COVID-19 pose a high infection risk. Infected patients typically receive their treatment in specific isolation wards, where they are confined for at least 14 days. The virus may contaminate any surface of the room, especially frequently touched surfaces. Therefore, surface contamination in wards should be monitored for disease control and hygiene purposes. Herein, surface contamination in the ward was detected on-site using an RNA extraction-free rapid method. The whole detection process, from surface sample collection to readout of the detection results, was finished within 45 min. The nucleic acid extraction-free method requires minimal labor. More importantly, the tests were performed on-site and the results were obtained almost in real-time. The test confirmed that 31 patients contaminated seven individual sites. Among the sampled surfaces, the electrocardiogram fingertip presented a 72.7% positive rate, indicating that this surface is an important hygiene site. Meanwhile, the bedrails showed the highest correlation with other surfaces, so should be detected daily. Another surface with high contamination risk was the door handle in the bathroom. To our knowledge, we present the first on-site analysis of COVID-19 surface contamination in wards. The results and applied technique provide a potential further reference for disease control and hygiene suggestions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720352876 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141758 id: cord-331378-3nqn48z7 author: Wand, Anne Pamela Frances title: COVID-19: the implications for suicide in older adults date: 2020-04-30 words: 3946.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331378-3nqn48z7.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic compounds this and other preexisting trauma in older adults, further contributing to risk of suicide and mental illness, and in addition to the "parallel epidemic" of anxiety, depression, and fear in the general community (Yao et al., 2020) . Continuity of access to mental health care (secondary and tertiary prevention) Community older persons'' mental health services should review their patient lists and screen for (Reger et al., 2020) or otherwise identify clients who are especially vulnerable to mental illness and suicide (e.g. those who live alone, were already socially isolated, have chronic medical comorbidities or functional disability, are currently unwell, or who are at risk of relapse) and institute regular welfare checks and enhanced follow-up. Informal and professional services have a role in reducing social isolationa factor increasing suicide riskin older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This model of proactive connection of older adults with health services via phone could be used to provide home assistance to older people at risk of suicide through social isolation, and/or psychological or physical illness. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220000770 doi: 10.1017/s1041610220000770 id: cord-278130-x83kl052 author: Wander, Pandora L. title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness in healthcare workers: Too many unknowns date: 2020-04-27 words: 774.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278130-x83kl052.txt summary: We agree with the recommendations of Zhou et al including the importance of increasing production of personal protection equipment (PPE), training HCWs in proper use, and maintaining a high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 even in patients without respiratory symptoms. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336303/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.178 id: cord-332160-dytr70pi author: Wang, Biao title: The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-05-18 words: 509.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332160-dytr70pi.txt summary: title: The Role of Spine Surgeons in the Era of COVID-19 Outbreak When patients have to go to the hospital for treatment, they need to be informed to take protective measures, of course, spine surgeons also need to do the corresponding protection. For patients undergoing emergency surgery and surgery within a certain period of time, we must do a good job in screening work such as virus nucleic acid detection, and make sure whether the patients are infected with COVID-19. With the increase in the number of COVID-19 infections, there has been a shortage of medical supplies and staff around the world. On the basis of ensuring the department of spine surgery is in working order, some spine surgeons should invest in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Of course, as a medical worker, spine surgeons can also be involved in nucleic acid testing, patient screening, patient education and so on. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040206.103 doi: 10.14245/ns.2040206.103 id: cord-321852-e7369brf author: Wang, Bo title: AI-assisted CT imaging analysis for COVID-19 screening: Building and deploying a medical AI system date: 2020-11-10 words: 6468.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321852-e7369brf.txt summary: In this paper, we introduce a automatically AI system that can provide the probability of infection and the ranked IDs. Specifically, the proposed system which consists of classification and segmentation will save about 30-40% of the detection time for physicians and promote the performance of COVID-19 detection. Using the dataset, we train and evaluate several deep learning based models to detect and segment the COVID-19 regions. [34] also build a U-Net based segmentation model to separate lung lesions and extract the radiologic characteristics in order to predict the hospital stay of a patient. [42] develop three widelyused models, i.e., ResNet-50 [43] , Inception-V3 [44] , and Inception-ResNet-V2 [45] , to detect COVID-19 lesion in X-ray images and among them ResNet-50 achieves the best classification performance. The positive data for the segmentation models were those images with arbitrary lung lesion regions, regardless of whether the lesions were COVID-19 or not. abstract: The sudden outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) increased the diagnostic burden of radiologists. In the time of an epidemic crisis, we hope artificial intelligence (AI) to reduce physician workload in regions with the outbreak, and improve the diagnosis accuracy for physicians before they could acquire enough experience with the new disease. In this paper, we present our experience in building and deploying an AI system that automatically analyzes CT images and provides the probability of infection to rapidly detect COVID-19 pneumonia. The proposed system which consists of classification and segmentation will save about 30%–40% of the detection time for physicians and promote the performance of COVID-19 detection. Specifically, working in an interdisciplinary team of over 30 people with medical and/or AI background, geographically distributed in Beijing and Wuhan, we are able to overcome a series of challenges (e.g. data discrepancy, testing time-effectiveness of model, data security, etc.) in this particular situation and deploy the system in four weeks. In addition, since the proposed AI system provides the priority of each CT image with probability of infection, the physicians can confirm and segregate the infected patients in time. Using 1,136 training cases (723 positives for COVID-19) from five hospitals, we are able to achieve a sensitivity of 0.974 and specificity of 0.922 on the test dataset, which included a variety of pulmonary diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1568494620308358 doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106897 id: cord-351762-n95ar9ci author: Wang, Brian Xiangzhi title: Susceptibility and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease date: 2020-06-25 words: 1496.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351762-n95ar9ci.txt summary: 1 Here, we outline what is known about the susceptibility of patients with CVDs to COVID-19 and the relative risk of these patients succumbing to severe illness. dIsease transmIssIon COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), phylogenetically related to the beta coronavirus SARS that caused a global outbreak in 2002. Importantly, this study also supported the notion that patients with CVDs were more likely to suffer severe illnesses from COVID-19 infection-10.5% of patients with CVDs and 6.0% with hypertension died, compared with the 0.9% in patients with no comorbidities. 10 This led to growing concerns that medications acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system increased the risk of patients contracting COVID-19 or having a more severe illness. 11 A population-based study by Mancia and colleagues on patients in Lombardy, Italy, identified that ACEIs and ARBs were more frequent in patients with COVID-19 than controls, attributed to the higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001310 doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001310 id: cord-274668-lh7c9izt author: Wang, Chaofu title: Alveolar macrophage dysfunction and cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of two severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-20 words: 4584.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274668-lh7c9izt.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a serious of clinical symptoms and severe illness, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal organ failure. INTERPRETATION: Infection of Alveolar macrophage by SARS-CoV-2 might be drivers of the "cytokine storm", which might result in damages in pulmonary tissues, heart and lung, and leading to the failure of multiple organs . One case report showed the pathological characteristics of a patient who died from severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by postmortem biopsies. Moreover, type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in alveoli and pulmonary hilum lymphoid tissue were infected by SARS-CoV-2, as revealed by immunohistochemistry using Rp3-NP specific antibodies (Figs. [10] In the case of COVID-19, the viral infection of aggregated alveolar macrophages was obvious from early phase to the late stage, according to our study and the results in recent reports of pulmonary pathology [17, 20] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to a serious of clinical symptoms and severe illness, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and fatal organ failure. We report the fundamental pathological investigation in the lungs and other organs of fatal cases for the mechanistic understanding of severe COVID-19 and the development of specific therapy in these cases. METHODS: The autopsy and pathological investigations of specimens were performed on bodies of two deceased cases with COVID-19. Gross anatomy and histological investigation by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained were reviewed on each patient. Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining and Masson staining were performed for the examinations of mucus, fibrin and collagen fiber in lung tissues. Immunohistochemical staining were performed on the slides of lung tissues from two patients. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to detect the direct binding of S protein and the expression of ACE2 on the cell surface of macrophages. FINDINGS: The main pathological features in lungs included extensive impairment of type I alveolar epithelial cells and atypical hyperplasia of type II alveolar cells, with formation of hyaline membrane, focal hemorrhage, exudation and pulmonary edema, and pulmonary consolidation. The mucous plug with fibrinous exudate in the alveoli and the dysfunction of alveolar macrophages were characteristic abnormalities. The type II alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in alveoli and pulmonary hilum lymphoid tissue were infected by SARS-CoV-2. S protein of SARS-CoV-2 directly bound to the macrophage via the S-protein-ACE2 interaction. INTERPRETATION: Infection of Alveolar macrophage by SARS-CoV-2 might be drivers of the “cytokine storm”, which might result in damages in pulmonary tissues, heart and lung, and leading to the failure of multiple organs . FUNDING: Shanghai Guangci Translational Medical Research Development Foundation, Shanghai, China url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396420302085 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102833 id: cord-261105-hydccq8m author: Wang, Chongying title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety in Chinese University Students date: 2020-05-22 words: 4754.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261105-hydccq8m.txt summary: Some studies conducted during SARS and H1NI in China have indicated obvious anxiety and stress of university students and suggested coping strategies (Jia et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2004; Li et al., 2011) . One sample t-test showed that significant difference (p ≤ .001) was found between the mean SAS scores during SARS and COVID-19 in this study (mean = 58.75, SD = 8.9). The results indicated that SAS scores has no significant correlation with the confirmed affected cases of COVID-19 in each city outside Hubei province all over China. A Pearson''s product-moment correlation analysis was also conducted between the SAS Scores of 93 students from different cities in Hubei province and the confirmed affected cases in these places. A study on the public psychological states of 600 people during COVID-19 outbreak showed that their SAS score was 36.92 (SD = 7.33) and 6.33% had anxiety (Wang C. abstract: COVID-19 had become a pandemic raising concerns of widespread panic and increasing anxiety and stress in individuals all over the world (World Health Organization, 2020a). Lots of countries had closed their schools. As the first country to do so, Chinese colleges and universities were making use of different modes of learning, including online-learning based on different platforms to achieve the goal suggested by Ministry of Education in China, “suspending classes without suspending learning,” since middle February. This paper is the first one which aims to investigate the anxiety of Chinese university students after the outbreak of COVID-19 right before the start of new spring term. 3611 university students (female: male = 1.48:1) aged between 18 to 24 from all over China were enrolled to this study from a top university in China. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale – SAS (Zung, 1971) was used to assess anxiety 2 days before the start of new spring term in middle February. All four-year undergraduate students were included in the study. The mean SAS score was 40.53 (SD = 10.15), significantly higher than the national norm (Mean = 29.78, SD = 10.07, and p ≤ .001), and there were still 557 (15.43%, Mean = 58.75, and SD = 8.9) students met the cutoff of 50 and were screened positive. Comparisons among sexes, grades and majors were also conducted. Significant differences were found between all males and all female (p ≤ .001), and between all students majoring arts and sciences in the anxiety sample (n = 557, p = 0.05). The results also showed that the mean SAS scores were not correlated with the regions they came from/lived in. This study concluded that the Chinese university students showed higher anxiety for COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01168 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01168 id: cord-342225-lcaemapt author: Wang, Chuanbin title: Initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-23 words: 2547.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342225-lcaemapt.txt summary: The main dynamic evolution characteristics were as follows: ① Imaging findings of the progression process: the main CT changes were increased GGOs with consolidation (118/126, 93.7%), an increased "crazy paving pattern" (104/126, 82.5%), an increased "vascular thickening sign" (105/126, 83.3%), and an increased "air bronchogram sign" (95/126, 75.4%); ② Imaging findings of the absorption process: the main CT changes were the obvious absorption of consolidation displayed as inhomogeneous partial GGOs with fibrosis shadows, the occurrence of a "fishing net on trees sign" (45/126, 35.7%), an increased "fibrosis sign" (40/126, 31.7%), an increased "subpleural line sign" (35/126, 27.8%), a decreased "crazy paving pattern" (19.8%), and a decreased "vascular thickening sign" (23.8%); and ③ In the stage of discharge, the main CT manifestations were further absorption of GGOs, consolidation and fibrosis shadows in the lung, and no appearance of new lesions, with only a small amount of shadow with fibrotic streaks and reticulations remaining in some cases (16/126, 12.7%). abstract: Abstract Objective To explore the initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A total of 126 COVID-19 patients in the early stage were enrolled. The initial CT features and dynamic evolution characteristics of the progression and absorption process from the stage of admission to discharge were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Results The main initial CT features were as follows: bilateral distribution (112/126, 88.9%), diffuse distribution (106/126, 84.1%), multiple lesions (117/126, 92.9%), nodular shapes (84/126, 66.7%), patchy shapes (98/126, 77.8%), pure ground-glass opacities (GGO) (95/126, 75.4%), “vascular thickening sign” (98/126, 77.8%), “air bronchogram sign” (70/126, 55.6%), “crazy paving pattern” (93/126, 73.8%), and “pleura parallel sign” (72/126, 57.1%). The main dynamic evolution characteristics were as follows: ① Imaging findings of the progression process: the main CT changes were increased GGOs with consolidation (118/126, 93.7%), an increased “crazy paving pattern” (104/126, 82.5%), an increased “vascular thickening sign” (105/126, 83.3%), and an increased “air bronchogram sign” (95/126, 75.4%); ② Imaging findings of the absorption process: the main CT changes were the obvious absorption of consolidation displayed as inhomogeneous partial GGOs with fibrosis shadows, the occurrence of a “fishing net on trees sign” (45/126, 35.7%), an increased “fibrosis sign” (40/126, 31.7%), an increased “subpleural line sign” (35/126, 27.8%), a decreased “crazy paving pattern” (19.8%), and a decreased “vascular thickening sign” (23.8%); and ③ In the stage of discharge, the main CT manifestations were further absorption of GGOs, consolidation and fibrosis shadows in the lung, and no appearance of new lesions, with only a small amount of shadow with fibrotic streaks and reticulations remaining in some cases (16/126, 12.7%). Conclusion The initial CT features and dynamic evolution of early-stage patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics and regularity; CT of the chest is critical for early detection, evaluation of disease severity and follow-up of patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrid.2020.08.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.08.002 id: cord-307741-j6ihxzm2 author: Wang, Cuiyan title: A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-13 words: 3459.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307741-j6ihxzm2.txt summary: The novelty of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the temporal psychological impact and adverse mental health status during the initial outbreak and peak of COVID-19 epidemic and identity risk and protective factors among the general population in China. To analyze the differences in psychological impact, levels of depression, anxiety and stress, the independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean score between the first and second survey. In both surveys, physical symptoms, very poor self-rating of health status, and history of chronic illness were significantly associated with higher IES-R scores, DASS stress, anxiety or depression subscale scores ( Table 2 ). The important unexpected finding of our study is the stable levels of stress, anxiety and depression despite sharp increases in the number of COVID-19 cases between the two surveys as well as statistically but not clinically significant reduction in the psychological impact on the general population. abstract: In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861 second-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p<0.01) after 4 weeks. Nevertheless, the mean IES-R score of the first- and second-survey respondents were above the cut-off scores (>24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p>0.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 id: cord-352152-d3owtd98 author: Wang, Cuiyan title: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China date: 2020-03-06 words: 6496.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352152-d3owtd98.txt summary: The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that the general population presenting with specific symptoms including chills, coryza, cough, dizziness, myalgia, and sore throat, as well as those with poor self-rated health status and history of chronic illnesses, experienced a psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. abstract: Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051729 id: cord-237140-ybfifsid author: Wang, Ding title: Impact of COVID-19 Behavioral Inertia on Reopening Strategies for New York City Transit date: 2020-06-23 words: 6471.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt txt: ./txt/cord-237140-ybfifsid.txt summary: A new COVID model is calibrated that represents travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by recalibrating the population agendas to include work-from-home and re-estimating the mode choice model for MATSim-NYC to fit observed traffic and transit ridership data. However, as far as we know, no research in the literature have used the agent-based traffic simulation model to study the impact of the epidemic/pandemic disease on people''s travel behaviors and mode share as well as its ability to test different transport system operating policies for decision-makers. Based on the synthetic population along with calibrated transit schedules, a multi-agent simulation (Horni et al., 2016) We propose to re-calibrate the MATSim-NYC model using ridership and WFH data during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period to update the mode choice utility functions for the synthetic population. To test the impacts of behavior inertia from COVID-19 with different transit operations in the full reopening Phase 4, we estimate the traffic volume and speed for car trips per road link from the simulation results. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected travel behaviors and transportation system operations, and cities are grappling with what policies can be effective for a phased reopening shaped by social distancing. A baseline model was previously developed and calibrated for pre-COVID conditions as MATSim-NYC. A new COVID model is calibrated that represents travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by recalibrating the population agendas to include work-from-home and re-estimating the mode choice model for MATSim-NYC to fit observed traffic and transit ridership data. Assuming the change in behavior exhibits inertia during reopening, we analyze the increase in car traffic due to the phased reopen plan guided by the state government of New York. Four reopening phases and two reopening scenarios (with and without transit capacity restrictions) are analyzed. A Phase 4 reopening with 100% transit capacity may only see as much as 73% of pre-COVID ridership and an increase in the number of car trips by as much as 142% of pre-pandemic levels. Limiting transit capacity to 50% would decrease transit ridership further from 73% to 64% while increasing car trips to as much as 143% of pre-pandemic levels. While the increase appears small, the impact on consumer surplus is disproportionately large due to already increased traffic congestion. Many of the trips also get shifted to other modes like micromobility. The findings imply that a transit capacity restriction policy during reopening needs to be accompanied by (1) support for micromobility modes, particularly in non-Manhattan boroughs, and (2) congestion alleviation policies that focus on reducing traffic in Manhattan, such as cordon-based pricing. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13368v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-254469-7q6xi2xx author: Wang, Fuzhou title: An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development date: 2020-05-05 words: 4737.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254469-7q6xi2xx.txt summary: In March 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US). However, on March 16 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US), conducted by Moderna and the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [12, 13] . Although mRNA vaccines are commencing human clinical trials, due to the rapid global spread of this new viral pandemic, it may not be possible to develop a safe and effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in time to prevent the increasing number of deaths due to this novel RNA virus. abstract: The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. The subsequent COVID-19 pandemic rapidly affected the health and economy of the world. The global approach to the pandemic was to isolate populations to reduce the spread of this deadly virus while vaccines began to be developed. In March 2020, the first phase I clinical trial of a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA-based vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2, began in the United States (US). The production of mRNA-based vaccines is a promising recent development in the production of vaccines. However, there remain significant challenges in the development and testing of vaccines as rapidly as possible to control COVID-19, which requires international collaboration. This review aims to describe the background to the rationale for the development of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the current status of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366816/ doi: 10.12659/msm.924700 id: cord-343601-po9br5zm author: Wang, Gan-Yi title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China date: 2020-10-26 words: 4764.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343601-po9br5zm.txt summary: title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. The elderly population need higher dependency and physical and emotional care, especially for those with chronic health conditions, lack of psychologically supportive environment and caregiving can lead to feelings of hopelessness and loneliness [19] [20] [21] [22] . In this study, we adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Notably, the percentage of the perceived hopelessness, loneliness, and depression was comparatively higher among women than among men, implying that gender-gradient in the vulnerability to mental health implications of the pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways. The present study aims to investigate the perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates among Chinese community-dwelling residents. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11–98 years from eight provinces in eastern, central and western China were included in the analysis. We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Multiple regression method, binary logistic regression model and variance inflation factor (VIF) were used to conduct data analysis. RESULTS: Respectively 34.8%, 32.5% and 44.8% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.7% vs 49.3%), loneliness (52.4% vs 47.6%), and depression (56.2% vs 43.8%). Being married was associated with lower odds of loneliness among men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90). Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99) and positively associated with drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.02). Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (< CNY 10 000), men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.55) and women (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56) in the highest level of annually housed income (> CNY 40 000) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25–0.48). Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91). CONCLUSIONS: More than one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with before the outbreak. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants' marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions. These findings may be of significance to treat patients and help them recover from the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106187/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8 id: cord-303357-ufy8m1d1 author: Wang, Gang title: The challenge and response of mental health institutions in COVID-19 pandemic: from chaos to new normal date: 2020-11-06 words: 1271.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303357-ufy8m1d1.txt summary: In the late stage, many psychiatric patients with serious psychotic symptoms and physical conditions flooded hospitals, which greatly increased the risk of COVID-19 exposure and the difficulty faced by medical staff in providing treatment. In the early stage of the outbreak, similar to other medical institutions, mental health institutions were not adequately 4 prepared due to the lack of effective measures to prevent nosocomial infection of COVID-19. Thus, there was insufficient attention to and investment in the mental diseases of the general population and those with high risk needing attention (such as medical staff in pandemic areas), and mental health services could not be provided in a timely manner. We also built a psychiatric ward in an infectious disease hospital for the treatment of mental illness patients with serious COVID-19 complications. (1) Strengthening the concept of integrated multidisciplinary medical service: the pandemic exposed the limitations of mental health institutions in dealing with infectious and medical diseases. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33159043/ doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01059-y id: cord-263936-8yud5o6c author: Wang, Gary X. title: Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date: 2020-10-03 words: 2814.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt summary: While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. Prior to the pandemic, all fellows participated in daily team huddles held in the diagnostic imaging clinic at 8:00 AM, which were attended in-person by all in-house personnel that day including assistants, technologists, and practice managers. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic required restructuring of Radiology trainee education across US institutions. While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. We also discuss how systems and processes developed out of necessity during the first peak of the pandemic may continue to support radiology training during phased reopening and beyond. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036896/ doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.009 id: cord-259540-e7xt6pck author: Wang, Guan title: Description of COVID‐19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-05-22 words: 1876.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259540-e7xt6pck.txt summary: Under the outbreak of COVID‐19, it was urgent to analyze the cases from clinical features and epidemiological factors, as well as understand the effectiveness of measures taken on disease prevent and control. 3, 12 Along with national actions against the disease, the Zhejiang government has also taken emergency measures to control the outbreak of disease, such as application of big data for monitoring the health status of citizens, 13 and development of nucleic acid detection kit for the early detection of COVID-19 cases. 10, 22 Since closely contact with confirmed cases was the leading cause to COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, it is of great importance to quarantine the population with epidemiological exposure to prevent disease transmission. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Under the outbreak of COVID‐19, it was urgent to analyze the cases from clinical features and epidemiological factors, as well as understand the effectiveness of measures taken on disease prevent and control. A retrospective study was applied for descriptive analysis of clinical features and epidemiological factors of confirmed cases in four cities of Zhejiang. The Onset‐admission interval was calculated and plotted as well. The provincial measures regarding the response of COVID‐19 were summed up and sorted out. The distribution and sex and age were under normality distribution, and the age of 20 to 80 were all in risk of developing the disease. Clinical features of fever and cough were found mostly happen on patients. More than half of the patients had image changed on chest from reported data. The factor of closely contacted with confirmed cases was the most cause to the disease. The median onset‐admission interval was 6 days in Zhejiang province. As of the efficient health system, COVID‐19 had been successfully prevented and controlled in Zhejiang. Males and females were all vulnerable to COVID‐19. Preventing contact with confirmed cases could largely avoid the disease to happen. The government should take emergent and effective measures to prevent and treatment of the pandemic disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25906 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25906 id: cord-280538-lrvqhx98 author: Wang, Haiyan title: Using A Partial Differential Equation with Google Mobility Data to Predict COVID-19 in Arizona date: 2020-06-30 words: 4668.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280538-lrvqhx98.txt summary: This paper aims to provide a forecasting model for COVID-19 cases with the help of human activity data from the Google Community Mobility Reports. To achieve this goal, a specific partial differential equation (PDE) is developed and validated with the COVID-19 data from the New York Times at the county level in the state of Arizona in the U.S. The proposed model describes the combined effects of transboundary spread among county clusters in Arizona and human actives on the transmission of COVID-19. To help to combat the spread of COVID-19, Google releases the COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports which provide daily, county-level aggregated data on time spent at different categories of activities, compared with a baseline period before the epidemic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PDE model incorporating COVID-19 Community Mobility data to predict the number of COVID-19 cases. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 disrupts the life of many people in the world. The state of Arizona in the U.S. emerges as one of the country's newest COVID-19 hot spots. Accurate forecasting for COVID-19 cases will help governments to implement necessary measures and convince more people to take personal precautions to combat the virus. It is difficult to accurately predict the COVID-19 cases due to many human factors involved. This paper aims to provide a forecasting model for COVID-19 cases with the help of human activity data from the Google Community Mobility Reports. To achieve this goal, a specific partial differential equation (PDE) is developed and validated with the COVID-19 data from the New York Times at the county level in the state of Arizona in the U.S. The proposed model describes the combined effects of transboundary spread among county clusters in Arizona and human actives on the transmission of COVID-19. The results show that the prediction accuracy of this model is well acceptable (above 94%). Furthermore, we study the effectiveness of personal precautions such as wearing face masks and practicing social distancing on COVID-19 cases at the local level. The localized analytical results can be used to help to slow the spread of COVID-19 in Arizona. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to apply PDE models on COVID-19 prediction with the Google Community Mobility Reports. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.16928v3.pdf doi: 10.3934/mbe.2020266 id: cord-312484-epbhdx55 author: Wang, Hongliang title: COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China date: 2020-03-18 words: 982.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312484-epbhdx55.txt summary: title: COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China Education and training of staffs As soon as the outbreak of COVID-19 began in Wuhan, the Heilongjiang provincial health administration department started to launch training protocols for all the medical staffs. Heilongjiang province set up a multidisciplinary team (MDT) soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, including intensive care unit (ICU), emergency department, infectious disease department, respiratory department, psychological department, infection control department, administrative department, and nursing department. Medical staffs of the whole province, especially intensivist, respiratory physician, emergency physician, and infectious disease physician, were assigned to work in the designated hospitals. The group members included provincial health authorities, medical experts, and infection control experts. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China We would like to thank all the medical staffs and local authorities of Heilongjiang province for their efforts in combating the outbreak of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32188482/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2832-8 id: cord-282411-n5xlpqms author: Wang, Huali title: Dementia care during COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 words: 1188.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282411-n5xlpqms.txt summary: As more and more businesses stop non-essential services or initiate telecommuting work in an attempt to maintain social distancing and limit the further spread of SARS-CoV-2, people living with dementia, who have little knowledge of telecommuni cation and depend primarily on in-person support might feel lonely and abandoned, and become withdrawn. According to an interactive online tool that estimates the potential number of deaths from COVID-19 in a population, by age group, in individual countries and regional groupings worldwide under a range of scenarios, most of During the COVID-19 outbreak in China, five organisations, including the Chinese Society of Geriatric Psychi atry and Alzheimer''s Disease Chinese, promptly released expert recommendations and disseminated key messages on how to provide mental health and psychosocial support. As recommended by international dementia experts and Alzheimer''s Disease International, 10 support for people living with dementia and their carers is needed urgently worldwide. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32240625/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30755-8 id: cord-356132-1nisyl5r author: Wang, Huiyao title: The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey date: 2020-05-14 words: 3022.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356132-1nisyl5r.txt summary: The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan, more serious changes over living situations, more difficult of emotional control, higher frequency of epidemic-related dreams, and negative coping style in the general population showed higher level of psychological distress. abstract: As the epidemic outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general population may experience psychological distress. Evidence has suggested that negative coping styles may be related to subsequent mental illness. Therefore, we investigate the general population’s psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional battery of surveys was conducted from February 1–4, 2020. The Kessler 6 psychological distress scale, the simplified coping style questionnaire and a general information questionnaire were administered on-line to a convenience sample of 1599 in China. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors of psychological distress. General population’s psychological distress were significant differences based on age, marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, concern with media reports, and perceived impacts of the epidemic outbreak (all p <0.001) except gender (p = 0.316). The population with younger age (F = 102.04), unmarried (t = 15.28), with history of visiting Wuhan in the past month (t = -40.86), with history of epidemics occurring in the community (t = -10.25), more concern with media reports (F = 21.84), perceived more impacts of the epidemic outbreak (changes over living situations, F = 331.71; emotional control, F = 1863.07; epidemic-related dreams, F = 1642.78) and negative coping style (t = 37.41) had higher level of psychological distress. Multivariate analysis found that marriage, epidemic contact characteristics, perceived impacts of the epidemic and coping style were the influence factors of psychological distress (all p <0.001). Epidemic of COVID-19 caused high level of psychological distress. The general mainland Chinese population with unmarried, history of visiting Wuhan in the past month, perceived more impacts of the epidemic and negative coping style had higher level of psychological distress in the early stages of COVID-19 epidemic. Psychological interventions should be implemented early, especially for those general population with such characteristics. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233410 id: cord-277816-ncdy9qgb author: Wang, Ji-gan title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-20 words: 3600.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277816-ncdy9qgb.txt summary: title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis In order to understand the clinical manifestations and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children and discuss the importance of fecal nucleic acid testing.We retrospectively analyzed studies on gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid detection in pediatric COVID-19 patients from January 1, 2020 to August 10, 2020, including prospective clinical studies and case reports. Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19 were vomiting and diarrhea, with a total incidence of 17.7% (95% Cl 13.9–21.5%). At present, there is no relevant study on whether there is a difference in the positive rate of fecal nucleic acid testing in COVID-19 children with and without diarrhea. Clinical features of 33 cases in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui Province, China: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. abstract: In order to understand the clinical manifestations and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children and discuss the importance of fecal nucleic acid testing.We retrospectively analyzed studies on gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid detection in pediatric COVID-19 patients from January 1, 2020 to August 10, 2020, including prospective clinical studies and case reports. The results of fecal nucleic acid detection were analyzed systematically. Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19 were vomiting and diarrhea, with a total incidence of 17.7% (95% Cl 13.9–21.5%). However, the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in other countries (21.1%, 95% CI 16.5–25.7%) was higher compared to China (12.9%, 95% CI 8–17.7%). In Wuhan, the pooled prevalence was much higher (41.3%, 95% CI 3.2–79.4%) compared to areas outside Wuhan in China (7.1%, 95% CI 4.0–10.3%). The positive rate of fecal nucleic acid testing in COVID-19 children was relatively high at 85.8% (91/106). Additionally, 71.2% (52/73) were still positive for fecal nucleic acid after respiratory tract specimens turned negative. One and two weeks after the respiratory tract specimens turned nucleic acid-negative, 45.2% (33/73) and 34.2% (25/73) patients, respectively, remained fecal nucleic acid-positive. The longest interval between the respiratory tract specimens turning negative and fecal specimens turning negative exceeded 70 days. Conclusions and relevance: gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 are relatively common. Attention should be paid to the detection of fecal nucleic acids in children. Fecal nucleic acid-negative status should be considered as one of the desegregation standards. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082472/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74913-0 id: cord-354928-brliql4d author: Wang, Jian title: Overweight and obesity are risks factors of severe illness in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-31 words: 2408.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354928-brliql4d.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity were independent risk factors of severe illness in COVID‐19 patients. Old age and comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease, were identified as risk factors of poor outcomes for COVID-19 patients according previous studies (3, 4) . Obesity was regarded as a common risk factor to aggravate the severity of respiratory diseases, which was associated with poor prognosis in influenza A (H1N1) pulmonary infection (5, 6) . A retrospective study enrolled 124 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) showed more patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) therapy with increased body mass index (BMI) (12) . Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor of severe illness and fatal outcome of COVID-19 (24) (25) (26) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to observe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with overweight and obesity. METHODS: Consecutive COVID‐19 patients from 10 hospitals of Jiangsu province, China were enrolled. RESULTS: 297 COVID‐19 patients were included. 39.39% and 13.47% of patients were overweight and obese, respectively. The proportions of bilateral pneumonia (92.50% vs. 73.57%, P=0.033) and type 2 diabetes (17.50% vs. 3.57%, P=0.006) were higher in patients with obesity than lean patients. The proportions of severe illness in patients with overweight (12.82% vs. 2.86%, P=0.006) and obesity (25.00% vs. 2.86%, P<0.001) were significantly higher than lean patients. More patients with obesity developed respiratory failure (20.00% vs. 2.86%, P<0.001) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (5.00% vs. 0%, P=0.024) than lean patients. The median days of hospitalization were longer in patients with obesity than lean patients (17.00 days vs. 14.00 days, P=0.029). Overweight (OR 4.222, 95%CI 1.322‐13.476, P=0.015) and obesity (OR 9.216, 95% CI 2.581‐32.903, P=0.001) were independent risk factors of severe illness. Obesity (HR 6.607, 95% CI 1.955‐22.329, P=0.002) was an independent risk factor of respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity were independent risk factors of severe illness in COVID‐19 patients. More attention should be paid to these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22979 doi: 10.1002/oby.22979 id: cord-252149-0n58lec6 author: Wang, Jiancong title: To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19? date: 2020-05-11 words: 1098.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252149-0n58lec6.txt summary: In China, resumption of works and production, reopening shops and restaurants, and even relaxation of travel restrictions have restored hope for virus-ravaged economies around the world. 7 The National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China strengthened and implemented various measures and/or policies in the face of another potential epidemic wave. 9 Various measures (eg, travel history declaration, health epidemiological survey, temperature measurement, and rapid screening at airports) were conducted to efficiently detect suspected cases. A green barcode indicated that a person was at low risk of having COVID-19 and/or transmitting SARS-CoV-2 and had been given approval for a "health permit" that allowed to access workplaces, shops, and restaurants (Supplementary Material Fig. 1 online) . A red barcode indicated that a person was at high risk of having COVID-19 and/or transmitting SARS-CoV-2 and that he or she would be contacted by the local health authorities for mandatory quarantine measures (by law) and medical observation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32389162/ doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.228 id: cord-286576-nirg7jdq author: Wang, Jiangshan title: Separate Fever Clinics Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 and Offload Emergency Resources: Analysis from a large tertiary hospital in China date: 2020-04-06 words: 3345.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286576-nirg7jdq.txt summary: The main manifestations of this disease include acute fever, cough and dyspnea [4] , thus emergency departments (EDs) have become the primary facilities providing initial diagnoses and medical care for potential COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients were identified according to the following criteria: (1) patients transferred to resuscitation rooms in the ED from the FC after initial screening and initial treatment; (2) APACHE II score ≥ 8; (3) patients who were ruled out the possibility of COVID-19 pneumonia [11] . The number of in-hospital deaths within seven days for critically ill patients initially presenting to the FC was 9 of 29 and 21 of 38 before and after the outbreak, respectively (p<0.05) (see Table 3 ). We found that after the outbreak, more patients received treatment in FC, critically ill patients received initial rescue management in the FC, and, most importantly, no confirmed COVID-19 patients were transferred to the ED and no other patients, doctors or nurses were infected in the hospital. abstract: Objectives: COVID-19 began spreading widely in China in January 2020. Outpatient Fever Clinics (FCs), instituted during the SARS epidemic in 2003 were upgraded to provide COVID-19 screening and prevention attached to large tertiary hospitals. We sought to analyze the effect of upgraded FCs to detecting COVID-19 at our institution. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 6,365 patients were screened in the FC. Methods: The FC of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was upgraded on January 20, 2020. We performed a retrospective study of patients presenting to the FC between December 12, 2019 to February 29, 2020, covering a period of 40 days before and after upgrading the FC. All necessary data, including baseline patient information, diagnoses, follow-up conditions for critical patients, transfer information between the FC and emergency department (ED) were collected and analyzed. Results: 6,365 patients were screened in the FC, among whom 2,192 patients were screened before January 21, 2020, while 3,453 were screened afterwards. Screening results showed that upper respiratory infection was the major disease associated with fever. Compared to before the outbreak, patients transferred from the FC to ED decreased significantly [39.21% vs 15.75%, p<0.001] and tended to spend more time in the FC [55 vs 203mins, p<0.001]. For critically-ill patients waiting for a screening result, the total length of stay in the FC was 22mins before the outbreak, compared to 442mins after the outbreak (p< 0.001). The number of in-hospital deaths of critical-care patients seen first in the FC was 9 of 29 patients before the outbreak and 21 of 38 after (p<0.050). Nineteen COVID-19 cases were confirmed in the FC, but no other patients or medical care providers were cross-infected. Conclusion: The work-load of the FC increased after the COVID-19 outbreak and effectively prevented COVID-19 from spreading in the hospital as well as offload ED resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20051813 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20051813 id: cord-258859-iaiosjlu author: Wang, Jiao title: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date: 2020-06-25 words: 2683.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt summary: In the context of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) cases globally, there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings; and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context. The mask is generally used 278 by general public, while the respirator or a filtering face piece, which is designed to 279 protect the wearer from exposure to airborne contaminants, is mainly used by health care 280 workers especially during AGP (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 281 2020). abstract: In the context of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) cases globally, there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings; and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context. To achieve this goal, government should establish a risk adjusted strategy of mask use to scientifically publicize the use of masks, guarantee sufficient supply of masks, and cooperate for reducing health resources inequities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749120334862?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115099 id: cord-317126-j3o9cfkv author: Wang, Jigang title: Preparedness is essential for malaria-endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-03-17 words: 1237.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317126-j3o9cfkv.txt summary: The emergence of Ebola in malaria-endemic countries, including Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, led to a public health emergency and dealt a heavy blow to malaria control efforts. 1 These features of COVID-19 and the previous experiences of the Ebola outbreak point to the need for malaria-endemic countries to consider preventive measures against not only the COVID-19 threat but also its likely impact on existing malaria control efforts. WHO is monitoring the fast-evolving situation of the COVID-19 epidemic and needs to advise the countries in the malaria-endemic regions on how to establish and effectively execute public health policies. Additional and pre-emptive measures must be taken for malaria control in these countries, anticipating the potential challenge that would be faced by the public health system during an outbreak of COVID-19. Preparedness is the key to navigating any public health crisis, and malariaendemic countries must be prepared for the challenges that COVID-19 might bring while minimising disruption to malaria control. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30561-4 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30561-4 id: cord-256795-j66tcamq author: Wang, Jin title: The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() date: 2020-08-20 words: 2017.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256795-j66tcamq.txt summary: title: The impacts of a COVID-19 epidemic focus and general belief in a just world on individual emotions() Isolation or lock downs established by governments are also considered to be effective precautionary measure to control the spread of an epidemic although they are experienced as taxing because it is difficult to estimate the time of the emergency period .Therefore, the belief that the world is fair to everyone (i.e., the GBJW) may protect an individual''s emotions. Therefore, in the face of psychological stress events with high interpersonal dependence, the GBJW may promote a sense of trust in others and a stable perception of the environment, which alleviates the negative impact of these events on individual emotions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic and GBJW on individual emotions during a major social disaster. abstract: Whether the general belief in a just world (GBJW) can protect individual emotions during a major disaster is a matter of debate. This study conducted two experiments to explore this question during the COVID-19 epidemic. Experiment 1 (N = 92, M(age) = 22.52, 48.91% was male) manipulated the focus regarding the COVID-19 epidemic to investigate the impact of this focus on participants' emotions. The results showed that compared with the nonepidemic focus group, the epidemic focus group had higher negative emotions and lower positive emotions. Experiment 2 (N = 200, M(age) = 23.91, 49% was male) manipulated the epidemic focus and GBJW to investigate their effects on the participants' emotions. The results showed that high levels of GBJW reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions regardless of whether the participants were focused on the epidemic. This study expands the influence of the GBJW on individual emotions and finds that the GBJW can protect individuals' emotions when they face a major social disaster. These findings imply that controlling people's intake of information on the epidemic can avoid their suffering from the vicarious traumatization caused by epidemic-related information overload and that improving the public's GBJW protects their mental health during an epidemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886920305407?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110349 id: cord-304379-4mfyxp6h author: Wang, Jin title: Mathematical models for COVID-19: applications, limitations, and potentials date: 2020-06-25 words: 1561.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304379-4mfyxp6h.txt summary: (5) conducted computational modeling of potential epidemic trajectories to estimate the outbreak size in Wuhan, China, and their results indicated that control measures need to block well over 60% of transmission to be effective in containing the outbreak. Incorporating such an environment-tohuman route into mathematical modeling may better characterize the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and potentially gain deeper understanding of its epidemic patterns. For example, many countries (China in particular) implemented strong disease control measures, including large-scale quarantine, intensive tracking of movement and contact, strict isolation of infected individuals, expanded medical facilities, and social distancing, which can effectively (and, in some places, rapidly) reduce the transmissibility of the virus. Mathematical epidemic models are well positioned to incorporate the economic impact of COVID-19, to quantify the interaction of epidemiological and economic factors, and to suggest an optimal balance between the pandemic control and economic development. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe-2020-05 doi: 10.21037/jphe-2020-05 id: cord-325449-fl6ob5ja author: Wang, Jing title: COVID-19 and diabetes: the contributions of hyperglycemia date: 2020-10-01 words: 3424.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325449-fl6ob5ja.txt summary: Thus, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, poor-controlled blood glucose in diabetes patients may promote macrophage inflammation and antigen presentation impairment in DCs, resulting in a great increase in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from immune cells and ultimately cytokine storm and increased mortality (Figure 1) . The exact mechanisms linking diabetes and COVID-19 remain to be further elucidated, but available clinical/laboratory observations suggest that hyperglycemia-induced immune dysfunction, cytokines storm, and elevated lactate levels may play critical roles in the severity of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing diabetes. A large body of evidence shows that hyperglycemia or diabetes may impair immune response mediated by macrophages, monocytes, and DCs, weaken T-cell function, and promote cytokine storm, ultimately resulting in increased susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated mortality. Hyperglycemia may also increase lactate production via HIF-1α, which suppresses the innate immune RLR signaling by targeting MAVS, leading to delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and thus severe outcomes in diabetes patients with COVID-19, including ARDS, septic shock, and MODS. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has now evolved into a worldwide crisis that triggers substantial morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 occurs more frequently and has more serious complications in patients with diabetes mellitus, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we summarize current and evolving concepts on the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia on SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequences, focusing on several key mechanisms underlying the link between diabetes and COVID-19. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia worsens the prognosis of COVID-19 is critical for reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33002109/ doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa054 id: cord-325628-pa3dkz2f author: Wang, Jinsong title: Strategy for treating vascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China date: 2020-06-01 words: 1199.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325628-pa3dkz2f.txt summary: Clinicians treating COVID-19 patients face considerable danger of occupational exposure due to the highly infectious nature of the virus and precautions must be taken to prevent medical staff infections. The IPCP is to reinforce 13 and ensure the protection of medical personnel, the implementation of preoperative evaluations 14 and preventive measures, the use of protective strategies for patients pre-and postoperatively, 15 the use of isolated operating rooms, and the rehearsal of these procedures. To avoid cross-infections and prevent further spread of the epidemic, elective and nonurgent Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients with unstable vital signs caused by vascular 12 emergencies should be resuscitated in an isolated area. National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China.Diagnosis and treatment 17 plan of COVID-19 pneumonia (trial version 7) 2020 National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China.WST 367-2012,Medical 1 institution disinfection technical specifications abstract: Coronavirus-caused pneumonia (COVID-19) broke out in Dec 2019. The virus soon proved to be extremely contagious and caused an international pandemic. Clinicians treating COVID-19 patients face considerable danger of occupational exposure due to the highly infectious nature of the virus and precautions must be taken to prevent medical staff infections. This article lists important measures that may save the lives of patients and medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and help to stop the transmission of COVID-19 on hospital grounds. The suggestions include: 1. Establishing detailed Infection Control and Prevention Protocols in the operating room; 2. Expediting testing procedures and patient screening for COVID-19; 3. Utilizing case-specific treatment planning for vascular patients with COVID-19, favoring minimally invasive methods; 4. Establishing and reinforcing protective awareness within medical personnel. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0741521420313057 doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.049 id: cord-351431-xcqz9d3t author: Wang, Jun title: Excessive Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19 date: 2020-08-18 words: 4522.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351431-xcqz9d3t.txt summary: Increasing neutrophil counts paralleled lesion CT values (slope: 0.8 and 0.3–1.2), reflecting neutrophilia-induced lung injury in severe patients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neutrophil activation was correlated with 17 neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated genes in COVID-19 patients, which was related to innate immunity and interacted with T/NK/B cells, as supported by a protein–protein interaction network analysis. Principal component analysis was performed with R package "FactoMineR" to identify those clinical parameters that contribute most to distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild cases of COVID-19 (28) . For BALF, the most upregulated marker genes were similarly enriched in neutrophils, but more up-regulated genes in monocytes and B cells were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, which is different from the lung samples. Transcriptome analysis of lung specimens and BALF from COVID-19 patients also indicated the most up-regulated marker genes were neutrophil related. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as markers of disease severity in COVID-19 abstract: Background: Cases of excessive neutrophil counts in the blood in severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients have drawn significant attention. Neutrophil infiltration was also noted on the pathological findings from autopsies. It is urgent to clarify the pathogenesis of neutrophils leading to severe pneumonia in COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 55 COVID-19 patients classified as mild (n = 22), moderate (n = 25), and severe (n = 8) according to the Guidelines released by the National Health Commission of China. Trends relating leukocyte counts and lungs examined by chest CT scan were quantified by Bayesian inference. Transcriptional signatures of host immune cells of four COVID19 patients were analyzed by RNA sequencing of lung specimens and BALF. Results: Neutrophilia occurred in 6 of 8 severe patients at 7–19 days after symptom onset, coinciding with lesion progression. Increasing neutrophil counts paralleled lesion CT values (slope: 0.8 and 0.3–1.2), reflecting neutrophilia-induced lung injury in severe patients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neutrophil activation was correlated with 17 neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated genes in COVID-19 patients, which was related to innate immunity and interacted with T/NK/B cells, as supported by a protein–protein interaction network analysis. Conclusion: Excessive neutrophils and associated NETs could explain the pathogenesis of lung injury in COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02063 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02063 id: cord-284820-29uiq6at author: Wang, Junfeng title: Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Air Quality in Northern China date: 2020-11-11 words: 5692.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284820-29uiq6at.txt summary: We found that the traffic restrictions, especially the restriction of intra-city travel intensity (TI), exhibited a significant heterogeneous effect on NO(2) with a decrease of approximately 13.6%, and every one-unit increase in control measures intensity reduced the concentration of air pollutants by approximately 2–4%. Our study chose data including daily air pollutant concentrations and weather conditions in the BTH region and designed a DID model to quantitatively identify the effect of control measures on air pollution during the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, real-time monitoring data from China''s air pollution monitoring stations were used to demonstrate air pollutant concentration trends before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and a DID model was used to estimate the causal effect of the implementation of lockdown measures on air quality, controlling for the interference of meteorological, vacation, and other important factors. The implementation of control measures reduced air pollution, which provided empirical evidence on the identification of the causal effect of lockdown measures on air quality during the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: In response to the spread of COVID-19, China implemented a series of control measures. The causal effect of these control measures on air quality is an important consideration for extreme air pollution control in China. Here, we established a difference-in-differences model to quantitatively estimate the lockdown effect on air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. We found that the lockdown measures did have an obvious effect on air quality. The air quality index (AQI) was reduced by 15.2%, the concentration of NO(2), PM10, PM2.5, and CO were reduced by 37.8%, 33.6%, 21.5%, and 20.4% respectively. At the same time, we further explored the heterogeneous effects of travel restrictions and the control measure intensity on air quality. We found that the traffic restrictions, especially the restriction of intra-city travel intensity (TI), exhibited a significant heterogeneous effect on NO(2) with a decrease of approximately 13.6%, and every one-unit increase in control measures intensity reduced the concentration of air pollutants by approximately 2–4%. This study not only provides a natural, experimental basis for control measures on air quality but also indicates an important direction for future control strategies. Importantly, determining the estimated effect helps formulate accurate and effective intervention measures on the differentiated level of air pollution, especially on extreme air pollution. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920315828?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116179 id: cord-279550-7u2hksxm author: Wang, Kai title: Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-08-03 words: 2656.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279550-7u2hksxm.txt summary: METHODS: Blood samples (n=173) were collected from 30 COVID-19 patients over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs, using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, serological testing, especially to detect NAbs, is essential in determining the onset of the serological immune response, evaluating the potential capacity of the host body for viral clearance, and identifying donors for passive antibody therapy trials. 12, 13 However, the dynamics and roles of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs and their correlation with antibody responses have not been explored in COVID-19 patients more than two months after symptom onset. Furthermore, to determine if there was a statistical correlation between NAb levels and virus-specific IgG levels in COVID-19 patients, serum samples were grouped by time (weeks) after symptom onset. In summary, we determined the dynamics of NAb titers within 3 months after symptom onset in 30 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and found a positive correlation between NAb titers and IgG antibodies. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral agents for therapy. Little is known about the longitudinal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Blood samples (n=173) were collected from 30 COVID-19 patients over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs, using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb titers were low for the first 7–10 d after symptom onset and increased after 2–3 weeks. The median peak time for NAbs was 33 d (IQR 24–59 d) after symptom onset. NAb titers in 93·3% (28/30) of the patients declined gradually over the 3-month study period, with a median decrease of 34·8% (IQR 19·6–42·4%). NAb titers increased over time in parallel with the rise in IgG antibody levels, correlating well at week 3 (r = 0·41, p & 0·05). The NAb titers also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including SCF, TRAIL, and M-CSF. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide useful information regarding dynamic changes in NAbs in COVID-19 patients during the acute and convalescent phases. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1143 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1143 id: cord-350338-lcsa06gm author: Wang, Kun title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-03 words: 2469.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350338-lcsa06gm.txt summary: title: Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. We developed a clinical model and laboratory model for predicting the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients, the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.88 (0.80, 0.95) and 0.98 (0.92, 0.99) in training cohort, and 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.77, 0.95) in validation cohort, respectively. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop mortality-prediction models for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The training cohort were consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020 to February 11, 2020. We selected baseline clinical and laboratory data through the stepwise Akaike information criterion and ensemble XGBoost model to build mortality-prediction models. We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. RESULTS: 296 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the training cohort, 19 of whom died during hospitalization and 277 were discharged from the hospital. The clinical model developed with age, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease showed AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95); threshold, -2.6551; sensitivity, 92.31%; specificity, 77.44% and negative predictive value (NPV), 99.34%. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. In the subsequent validation cohort (N=44), the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.75, 0.96) for clinical model and laboratory model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed two predictive models for the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and validated in patients from another center. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa538 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa538 id: cord-303237-xvba5mqq author: Wang, L.-Y. title: Genetic Profiles in Pharmacogenes Indicate Personalized Drug Therapy for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-30 words: 4453.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303237-xvba5mqq.txt summary: Racial discrepancy of common nonsynonymous mutations was found in pharmacogenes including: VDR, ITPA, G6PD, CYP3A4 and ABCB1 which related to DCTs including ribavirin, -interferon, chloroquine and lopinavir. In addition to this mutation, we further identified 10 common non-synonymous polymorphisms in all populations ( Figure 4F ). Thus, we analyzed the expression of virus or drug target genes in different lung cells ( Figure 5A ). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041350 doi: medRxiv preprint drug metabolic enzymes in different liver cells ( Figure 6A ). Due to the activity difference exists among populations, the genotypes of important alleles in CYP450 family should be detected after diagnosis, then treatment strategies for these drugs can be suggested in these patients. pharmacogenes in patients can hardly be detected in single cell resolution during COVID-19 treatment, although the expression level of these genes can be associated with drug efficacy or toxicity. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic currently. Many drugs showed potential for COVID-19 therapy. However, genetic factors which can lead to different drug efficiency and toxicity among populations are still undisclosed in COVID-19 therapy. Methods: We selected 67 potential drugs for COVID-19 therapy (DCTs) from clinical guideline and clinical trials databases. 313 pharmaco-genes related to these therapeutic drugs were included. Variation information in 125,748 exomes were collected for racial differences analyses. The expression level of pharmaco-genes in single cell resolution was evaluated from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 17 healthy adults. Results: Pharmacogenes, including CYP3A4, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, ALB, CYP3A5, were involved in the process of more than multi DCTs. 224 potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) of DCTs were predicted, while 112 of them have been reported. Racial discrepancy of common nonsynonymous mutations was found in pharmacogenes including: VDR, ITPA, G6PD, CYP3A4 and ABCB1 which related to DCTs including ribavirin, -interferon, chloroquine and lopinavir. Moreover, ACE2, the target of 2019-nCoV, was only found in parts of lung cells, which makes drugs like chloroquine that prevent virus binding to ACE2 more specific than other targeted drugs such as camostat mesylate. Conclusions: At least 17 drugs for COVID-19 therapy with predictable pharmacogenes should be carefully utilized in risk races which are consisted of more risk allele carriers. At least 29 drugs with potential of DDIs are reported to be affected by other DDIs, they should be replaced by similar drugs without interaction if it is possible. Drugs which specifically targeted to infected cells with ACE2 such as chloroquine are preferred in COVID-19 therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20041350 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041350 id: cord-256255-wqpndl46 author: Wang, Lang title: Prolonged prothrombin time at admission predicts poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-10-06 words: 3707.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256255-wqpndl46.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Prothrombin time, concentration of fibrin degradation products, respiration rate and age were predictive factors for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The elevation of D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP), shortened or prolonged prothrombin time (PT), abnormal platelet count, occurrence of thrombosis or bleeding and complication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were observed in COVID-19 patients in different clinical stages [6, 7] . The factors with significant differences between the death and survival groups, including age, sex, comorbidities, respiration rate, platelet count, PT, APTT, D-dimer and FDP, were included in the regression. Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, COPD, respiration rate, PT, concentrations of D-dimer and FDP may contribute to the death risk of COVID-19 patients. As the platelet count and several parameters of coagulation were significantly different between those who died and survivors, the prognostic value of these factors for COVID-19 was analyzed using logistic regression. abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of coagulation disorder in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients should be demonstrated. AIM: To investigate the abnormalities of coagulation parameters in the patients with COVID-19 and their prognostic values. METHODS: Consecutive patients admitted in the isolation ward of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 31 to February 5, 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 were included. The primary outcomes were death and survival as of March 11. Demographics, vital signs, comorbidities and laboratory tests were collected and compared between those who died and survivors. Logistic regression analysis for prognostic factors was performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the estimated survival rate between patients with prolonged prothrombin time and normal prothrombin time. RESULTS: The total number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were enrolled was 213. The median age was 62 years, and 95 patients (44.6%) were men. Fifty-one patients were critical (23.9%), 79 patients were severe (37.1%) and 83 patients were moderate (39%). As of March 11, 2020, 99 patients were discharged (46.5%), 79 patients (37.1%) stayed in the hospital and 35 patients (16.2%) died. Median time to death was 6 (4-8) d, while median hospital stay was 32 (22-36) d in survivors (P < 0.001). More men (P = 0.002) and elderly patients (P < 0.001) were found in the group of those who died. The respiration rate at admission was higher in the group of those who died (P < 0.001). The incidences of hypertension (P = 0.028), cerebrovascular disease (P < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.02) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P < 0.001) were higher in the group of those who died. Platelet count was decreased in the group of those who died (P = 0.002) whereas prothrombin time (P < 0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (P = 0.033), concentration of D-dimer (P < 0.001) and fibrin degradation products (P < 0.001) were increased in the group of those who died. Prothrombin time [odds ratio (OR): 2.19, P = 0.004], respiration rate (OR: 1.223, P < 0.001), age (OR: 1.074, P < 0.001) and fibrin degradation products concentration (OR: 1.02, P = 0.014) were predictors of death. The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with prolonged prothrombin time compare to those with normal prothrombin time (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prothrombin time, concentration of fibrin degradation products, respiration rate and age were predictive factors for clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33083396/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i19.4370 id: cord-293359-6iw7dnz6 author: Wang, Laureen Yi-Ting title: COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report date: 2020-06-30 words: 1871.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293359-6iw7dnz6.txt summary: Besides being at higher risk of complications of COVID-19 infection, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop cardiac-related side effects of treatment. 1 Our patient, with COVID-19 pneumonia, was started on lopinavir-ritonavir and developed sinus arrest. We want to highlight the potentially fatal side effect of lopinavir-ritonavir-induced bradyarrhythmia with this case report. [4] [5] [6] In the recent randomized controlled study in Wuhan China, no benefit was found in time to clinical improvement with 14-day treatment of lopinavir-ritonavir compared with standard of care. Before being used as a treatment for COVID-19, there have been case reports of lopinavir-ritonavir-induced cardiac arrhythmias in patients on treatment for HIV-1. 7,8 As our patient had pre-existing IHD with first-degree atrioventricular block and prolonged interval QTc, he was at risk for cardiac-related side effects of lopinavir-ritonavir. Transient cardiac arrhythmias related to lopinavir/ritonavir in two patients with HIV infection abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection is the most serious global public health crisis of the century. With no approved treatments against it, investigational treatments are being used despite limited safety data. Besides being at higher risk of complications of COVID-19 infection, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop cardiac-related side effects of treatment. We present a case of sinus arrest with junctional escape related to lopinavir–ritonavir. CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old man, with underlying stable ischaemic heart disease, acquired COVID-19 infection. He had a prolonged duration of fever and cough. He subsequently developed acute respiratory distress and required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Given his severe infection, he was started on lopinavir–ritonavir. Hydroxychloroquine was not used as he had a prolonged QTc interval. During observation in the ICU, the patient developed recurrent episodes of sinus arrest with junctional escape. Initial concerns were of myocarditis, but he had no ST-segment changes on ECG, with mild elevations of highly sensitive troponin I and a normal transthoracic echocardiogram. A multidisciplinary team discussion involving the intensivist, infectious disease physicians, and cardiologist; the decision was made to stop treatment with lopinavir–ritonavir. Within 48 h, the bradyarrhythmia resolved. The patient did not require transvenous and permanent pacemaker insertion. CONCLUSION: Current efficacy and safety evidence of lopinavir–ritonavir as a treatment in COVID-19 patients is limited. Although uncommonly reported, those with underlying cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of bradyarrhythmia-related adverse effects of lopinavir–ritonavir. When initiating investigational therapies, especially in patients with cardiovascular conditions, adequate counselling and close monitoring are required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33089048/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa171 id: cord-342888-o7ezn9dd author: Wang, Lei-Yun title: Remdesivir and COVID-19 date: 2020-10-01 words: 1221.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342888-o7ezn9dd.txt summary: Yeming Wang and colleagues 1 reported that the hazard of 28-day clinical improvement for 158 patients with severe COVID-19 randomly assigned to remdesivir was 1·2 times (95% CI 0·9 to 1·8) the hazard of patients randomly assigned to placebo, but the 28-day mortality in both these groups was similar. Additionally, Wang and colleagues 1 report that the effect of remdesivir on clinical improvement appeared stronger among patients who started treatment within 10 days of symptom onset than among those who started later. We appreciate the possible explanation raised by Lei-Yun Wang and colleagues that the genetic backgrounds of patients might be one of the reasons for discrepant results between the Chinese and American remdesivir clinical trials. Whether the different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between China and the USA contribute to the discrepant effect of remdesivir also needs to be confirmed. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620320195 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32019-5 id: cord-309302-n6cd2fc3 author: Wang, Li title: Clinical management of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-23 words: 5674.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309302-n6cd2fc3.txt summary: In this review, we focus on the epidemiological characteristics, early diagnosis, patient management and mental health of lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. According to China''s New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8), drugs with potential antiviral effects should be used early in the course of the disease, and it is recommended to focus on patients with high risk factors for severe illness patients. However, hydroxychloroquine or combined azithromycin is not recommended for COVID-19 patients base on China''s New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8). In addition, convalescent plasma is suitable for patients with rapid disease progression, severe and critically ill patients base on China''s New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8). According to China''s New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Version 8), Tocilizumab can be tried for patients with extensive lung disease and elevated IL-6 levels in the laboratory. abstract: The rapid growth of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the early December 2019. COVID-19 spread all over the word just a few months. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection poses major threat to international health and economy. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the new coronavirus was an international public health emergency on January 30, 2020. However, with the spread of COVID-19, the routine medical care of lung cancer patients was affected. Because lung cancer patients have low immunity after anti-tumor treatment, they should become the main targets for epidemic prevention. Lung cancer patients are increasingly concerned about the prevention of COVID-19. It is necessary to provide individualized medical treatment and management for lung cancer patients based on patients’ conditions and regional epidemic patterns. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-020-00322-7 doi: 10.1186/s13027-020-00322-7 id: cord-189307-qb0s06tl author: Wang, Linda title: COVID-Net: A Tailored Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design for Detection of COVID-19 Cases from Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-03-22 words: 4338.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-189307-qb0s06tl.txt summary: Motivated by this and inspired by the open source efforts of the research community, in this study we introduce COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray (CXR) images that is open source and available to the general public. Furthermore, we investigate how COVID-Net makes predictions using an explainability method in an attempt to not only gain deeper insights into critical factors associated with COVID cases, which can aid clinicians in improved screening, but also audit COVID-Net in a responsible and transparent manner to validate that it is making decisions based on relevant information from the CXR images. Motivated by the urgent need to develop solutions to aid in the fight against the COvID-19 pandemic and inspired by the open source and open access efforts by the research community, this study introduces COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from CXR images that is open source and available to the general public. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a devastating effect on the health and well-being of the global population. A critical step in the fight against COVID-19 is effective screening of infected patients, with one of the key screening approaches being radiology examination using chest radiography. Motivated by this and inspired by the open source efforts of the research community, in this study we introduce COVID-Net, a deep convolutional neural network design tailored for the detection of COVID-19 cases from chest X-ray (CXR) images that is open source and available to the general public. To the best of the authors' knowledge, COVID-Net is one of the first open source network designs for COVID-19 detection from CXR images at the time of initial release. We also introduce COVIDx, an open access benchmark dataset that we generated comprising of 13,975 CXR images across 13,870 patient patient cases, with the largest number of publicly available COVID-19 positive cases to the best of the authors' knowledge. Furthermore, we investigate how COVID-Net makes predictions using an explainability method in an attempt to not only gain deeper insights into critical factors associated with COVID cases, which can aid clinicians in improved screening, but also audit COVID-Net in a responsible and transparent manner to validate that it is making decisions based on relevant information from the CXR images. By no means a production-ready solution, the hope is that the open access COVID-Net, along with the description on constructing the open source COVIDx dataset, will be leveraged and build upon by both researchers and citizen data scientists alike to accelerate the development of highly accurate yet practical deep learning solutions for detecting COVID-19 cases and accelerate treatment of those who need it the most. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.09871v4.pdf doi: nan id: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6 author: Wang, Ling title: Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients date: 2020-05-03 words: 5530.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt summary: From 31 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, the patient was given quadruple therapy, including lopinavir/ritonavir tablets (400/100 mg every 12 h), arbidol tablets (0.2 g every 8 h), Lianhuaqingwen granules (a Chinese patent medicine, 6 g every 8 h) orally, and recombinant human interferon-α2b injection via aerosol (6.0 × 10 6 IU with 2 ml of sterilized water for injection every 12 h). • Quadruple therapy, which is lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, arbidol tablets, Lianhuaqingwen granules, and recombinant human interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) injection via aerosol, is a common regimen for patients with COVID-19 in China. From 31 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, the patient was treated with four drugs, which are oral administration of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets (400/100 mg every 12 h), arbidol tablets (0.2 g every 8 h), and Lianhuaqingwen granules (a Chinese patent medicine, 6 g every 8 h) and atomization inhalation of recombinant human interferon-α2b injection (6.0 × 10 6 IU with 2 ml of sterilized water for injection every 12 h). abstract: Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently in epidemic stage. After large-scale interpersonal infection, asymptomatic patients appear. Whether asymptomatic patients are contagious or not and whether they need medication are the arguments among clinical experts. Areas covered: This paper reports a special asymptomatic couple with COVID-19, of which the male patient is an intercity bus driver but has not induced confirmed infection of his 188 passengers. The patients were treated with four combinations of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, arbidol tablets, Lianhuaqingwen granules, and recombinant human interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) injection via aerosol. Their clinical characteristics and medication were summarized and analyzed. Expert opinion: The two asymptomatic patients far away from Wuhan did not seem to be highly contagious. They improved obviously, after treatment with the quadruple therapy, but the effective drug is still unknown. It should be noted that lopinavir/ritonavir tablets have many drug interactions and are the most likely drugs to cause hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in these two patients. IFN-α2b is more effective in the early stage of virus infection. Arbidol instruction dose may not be sufficient to inhibit the novel coronavirus in vivo. The evidence-based medicine of Lianhuaqingwen granules for treating various viral infections is just based on Chinese patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32362193/ doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1758066 id: cord-280005-i9fp5rys author: Wang, Mengmei title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date: 2020-09-21 words: 3185.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt summary: title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial CONCLUSIONS: In COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity, no benefit in terms of the duration of viral shedding was observed with the combined treatment of leflunomide and IFN α-2a beyond IFN α-2a alone. Based on that background, we conducted a prospective randomized, controlled, open-label trial, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral leflunomide to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients with prolonged post-symptomatic viral shedding. Fifty eligible patients were randomly assigned to a combination treatment group that received leflunomide (50 mg, q12h, three consecutive times, orally; then 20 mg, once a day for 8 days; a total course of 10 days) plus nebulized IFN -2a (3 million IU each time, adding 2 ml of sterilized water, atomization inhalation twice daily for 10 days), or to a control group that received nebulized IFN -2a This was an open-label, prospective randomized, controlled trial, which was conducted at East Campus, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide, an approved dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, to treat COVID-19 patients with prolonged post-symptomatic viral shedding. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either leflunomide (50 mg, q12h, three consecutive times, orally; then 20 mg, once daily for 8 days), in addition to nebulized interferon alpha 2a (IFN α-2a, 3 million IU each time, twice daily for 10 days), or nebulized IFN α-2a alone for 10 days. The primary end point was the duration of viral shedding. RESULTS: A total of 50 COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity were randomized into 2 groups; 26 were assigned to the leflunomide group, and 24 were assigned to the interferon alone group. Treatment with leflunomide was not associated with a difference from the interferon alone group in the duration of viral shedding (hazard ratio for negative RT-PCR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.391-1.256; P=0.186). In addition, the patients given leflunomide did not have a substantially shorter length of hospital stay than patients treated with interferon alone, with median (IQRs) durations of 29.0 (19.3-47.3) days and 33.0 (29.3-42.8) days, respectively, P=0.170. Two leflunomide recipients were unable to complete the full 10-day course of administration due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity, no benefit in terms of the duration of viral shedding was observed with the combined treatment of leflunomide and IFN α-2a beyond IFN α-2a alone. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955081/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1417 id: cord-324529-xbrdtxnz author: Wang, Ming title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China date: 2020-10-07 words: 4045.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324529-xbrdtxnz.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and risk factors of liver injury in COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury. extracted the currently largest cohort regarding 1099 mainly moderate SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and showed 39.4% with severe disease had elevated AST and 28.1% had elevated ALT, and the proportion was 18.2% and 19.8% in patients with non-severe disease [6] .Given that the number of patients in these studies is relatively small, information about the clinical characteristics of liver injury in these patients is scarce. The present study showed that liver injury was more prevalent in male, severe or critically ill patients with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% or peak temperature ≥ 38.5 °C on admission, and comprehensively delineated the risk factors for COVID-19-associated liver injury. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a major international public health concern. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury. METHODS: A fraction of 657 COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data were derived from electronic medical records and compared between patients with or without liver injury. Multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for liver injury. RESULTS: Among 657 patients, 303 (46.1%) patients had liver injury with higher rate in severe/critically ill patients [148/257 (57.6%)] than those in moderate cases [155/400 (38.8%)]. The incidence of liver injury was much higher in male [192/303 (63.4%)] than female [111/303 (36.6%)], and in severe/critical patients [148/303 (48.8%)] with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% [89/279 (31.9%)] or peak body temperature ≥ 38.5 °C [185/301 (61.5%)] on admission. Liver injury-related inflammations included increased white blood cells, neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes. More patients with liver injury than without had increased serum IL-2R, TNFα, ferritin, hsCRP, PCT, ESR, γ-GT, and LDH. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increasing odds of liver injury were related to male, higher serum hsCRP (≥ 10 mg/L), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≥ 5). Moreover, more deceased patients (14/82 (17%)) had significantly elevated serum TBIL than discharged patients [25/532 (4.7%)]. CONCLUSION: Liver injury is a common complication in COVID-19 patients. The potential risk factors of liver injury include male, hsCRP and NLR score. A close monitor of liver function should be warned in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe/critical individuals. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-020-10075-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-020-10075-5 doi: 10.1007/s12072-020-10075-5 id: cord-337256-b3j3kg73 author: Wang, Peipei title: Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics date: 2020-07-01 words: 1944.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337256-b3j3kg73.txt summary: title: Prediction of Epidemic Trends in COVID-19 with Logistic Model and Machine Learning Technics We integrate the most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data before June 16, 2020 into the Logistic model to fit the cap of epidemic trend, and then feed the cap value into Fbprophet model, a machine learning based time series prediction model to derive the epidemic curve and predict the trend of the epidemic. Many scholars have developed a number of predicting methods for the trend forecasting of COVID-19, in some severe countries and global [8, 9] , debating 30 about mathematical model, infectious disease model, and artificial intelligence model. The models based on mathematical statistics, machine learning and deep learning have been applied to the prediction of time series of epidemic development [10, 11] . Generalized logistic growth modeling of the covid-19 outbreak in 29 provinces in china and in the rest of the world abstract: COVID-19 has now had a huge impact in the world, and more than 8 million people in more than 100 countries are infected. To contain its spread, a number of countries published control measures. However, itâs not known when the epidemic will end in global and various countries. Predicting the trend of COVID-19 is an extremely important challenge. We integrate the most updated COVID-19 epidemiological data before June 16, 2020 into the Logistic model to fit the cap of epidemic trend, and then feed the cap value into Fbprophet model, a machine learning based time series prediction model to derive the epidemic curve and predict the trend of the epidemic. Three significant points are summarized from our modeling results for global, Brazil, Russia, India, Peru and Indonesia. Under mathematical estimation, the global outbreak will peak in late October, with an estimated 14.12 million people infected cumulatively. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920304550 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110058 id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv author: Wang, Peng-Wei title: Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems date: 2020-09-18 words: 6477.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289378-ghmqd3yv.txt summary: We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). The association between the deterioration of physical and psychological health and adoption of protective behaviors against COVID-19 (avoiding crowded places, washing hands, and wearing a mask) and mental health problems (general anxiety, sleep problems, and suicidal ideation) was examined using multivariate logistic regression after controlling for the effects of gender, age, and educational level. Table 2 presents the results of the univariate logistic regression model examining the associations between demographic characteristics, cognitive and affective constructs of health beliefs related to COVID-19, perceived social support, and the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health. abstract: This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962052/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186827 id: cord-347549-9pijmlpz author: Wang, Quan Qiu title: COVID-19 risk and outcomes in patients with substance use disorders: analyses from electronic health records in the United States date: 2020-09-14 words: 4299.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347549-9pijmlpz.txt summary: Patients with a recent diagnosis of SUD (within past year) were at significantly increased risk for COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio or AOR = 8.699 [8.411–8.997], P < 10(−30)), an effect that was strongest for individuals with OUD (AOR = 10.244 [9.107–11.524], P < 10(−30)), followed by individuals with tobacco use disorder (TUD) (AOR = 8.222 ([7.925–8.530], P < 10(−30)). Among patients with recent diagnosis of OUD, African Americans had significantly higher risk of COVID-19 than Caucasians (4.162 [3.13-5 .533], after adjusting for age, gender, and insurance types (Fig. 2) . We showed that African Americans with recent diagnosis of SUDs had higher prevalence of asthma, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and HIV compared to Caucasians, while prevalence of COPD, chronic liver disease, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer was similar or lower (data not shown). Based on EHR patient data in the US we show that individuals with SUD, particularly recent OUD, were at increased risk for COVID-19 and these effects were exacerbated in African Americans compared to Caucasians. abstract: The global pandemic of COVID-19 is colliding with the epidemic of opioid use disorders (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) in the United States (US). Currently, there is limited data on risks, disparity, and outcomes for COVID-19 in individuals suffering from SUD. This is a retrospective case-control study of electronic health records (EHRs) data of 73,099,850 unique patients, of whom 12,030 had a diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients with a recent diagnosis of SUD (within past year) were at significantly increased risk for COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio or AOR = 8.699 [8.411–8.997], P < 10(−30)), an effect that was strongest for individuals with OUD (AOR = 10.244 [9.107–11.524], P < 10(−30)), followed by individuals with tobacco use disorder (TUD) (AOR = 8.222 ([7.925–8.530], P < 10(−30)). Compared to patients without SUD, patients with SUD had significantly higher prevalence of chronic kidney, liver, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Among patients with recent diagnosis of SUD, African Americans had significantly higher risk of COVID-19 than Caucasians (AOR = 2.173 [2.01–2.349], P < 10(−30)), with strongest effect for OUD (AOR = 4.162 [3.13–5.533], P < 10(−25)). COVID-19 patients with SUD had significantly worse outcomes (death: 9.6%, hospitalization: 41.0%) than general COVID-19 patients (death: 6.6%, hospitalization: 30.1%) and African Americans with COVID-19 and SUD had worse outcomes (death: 13.0%, hospitalization: 50.7%) than Caucasians (death: 8.6%, hospitalization: 35.2%). These findings identify individuals with SUD, especially individuals with OUD and African Americans, as having increased risk for COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes, highlighting the need to screen and treat individuals with SUD as part of the strategy to control the pandemic while ensuring no disparities in access to healthcare support. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00880-7 doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00880-7 id: cord-206006-8l7hrany author: Wang, Rui title: Mutations on COVID-19 diagnostic targets date: 2020-05-05 words: 1605.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt txt: ./txt/cord-206006-8l7hrany.txt summary: Effective, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic reagents are of paramount importance for combating the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a time there is no preventive vaccine nor specific drug available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on the genotyping of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, we reveal that essentially all of the current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 has the most devastating mutations on the targets of various nucleocapsid (N) gene primers and probes, which have been unfortunately used by countries around the world to diagnose COVID-19. It is interesting to note that N-China-F [10] is the most inefficient reagent among all primers/probes and its SARS-CoV-2 target has eight mutations involving samples in all five clusters, which may explain many media reports about the inefficiency of certain COVID-19 diagnostic kits made in China. abstract: Effective, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic reagents are of paramount importance for combating the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a time there is no preventive vaccine nor specific drug available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It would be an absolute tragedy if currently used diagnostic reagents are undermined in any manner. Based on the genotyping of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, we reveal that essentially all of the current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 has the most devastating mutations on the targets of various nucleocapsid (N) gene primers and probes, which have been unfortunately used by countries around the world to diagnose COVID-19. Our findings explain what has seriously gone wrong with a specific diagnostic reagent made in China. To understand whether SARS-CoV-2 genes have mutated unevenly, we have computed the mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index of all SARS-CoV genes, indicating that the N gene is the most non-conservative gene in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Our findings enable researchers to target the most conservative SARS-CoV-2 genes and proteins for the design and development of COVID-19 diagnostic reagents, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.02188v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-290592-c9bsielo author: Wang, Rui title: The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design date: 2020-10-10 words: 4955.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290592-c9bsielo.txt summary: Methods We report the rationale and design of a planned pragmatic, cluster randomized, double-blinded trial (N = 2700 in total nationwide), with 1500 newly diagnosed individuals with COVID-19 infection, together with up to one close household contact each (~1200 contacts), randomized to either vitamin D3 (loading dose, then 3200 IU/day) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio and a household cluster design. The household cluster design provides a cost-efficient approach to testing an intervention for reducing rates of hospitalization and/or mortality in newly diagnosed cases and preventing infection among their close household contacts. The Vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial is a pragmatic, cluster-randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of Vitamin D3 supplementation with 3200 IU/d daily for 4 weeks to reduce disease severity in persons with newly diagnosed COVID-19 infection and to prevent infection in their closest household members. abstract: Objectives To determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on disease progression and post-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 infection. We hypothesize that high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation will reduce risk of hospitalization/death among those with recently diagnosed COVID-19 infection and will reduce risk of COVID-19 infection among their close household contacts. Methods We report the rationale and design of a planned pragmatic, cluster randomized, double-blinded trial (N = 2700 in total nationwide), with 1500 newly diagnosed individuals with COVID-19 infection, together with up to one close household contact each (~1200 contacts), randomized to either vitamin D3 (loading dose, then 3200 IU/day) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio and a household cluster design. The study duration is 4 weeks. The primary outcome for newly diagnosed individuals is the occurrence of hospitalization and/or mortality. Key secondary outcomes include symptom severity scores among cases and changes in the infection (seroconversion) status for their close household contacts. Changes in vitamin D 25(OH)D levels will be assessed and their relation to study outcomes will be explored. Conclusions The proposed pragmatic trial will allow parallel testing of vitamin D3 supplementation for early treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. The household cluster design provides a cost-efficient approach to testing an intervention for reducing rates of hospitalization and/or mortality in newly diagnosed cases and preventing infection among their close household contacts. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1551714420302548 doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106176 id: cord-294333-6azdm42x author: Wang, S title: Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019 date: 2020-05-06 words: 3012.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294333-6azdm42x.txt summary: The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Zung''s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The questionnaire was completed by participants on their own smartphone and consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) for evaluating sleep quality, and Zung''s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) for evaluating psychological stress, which took ~10 min to complete. Our results showed that 38% of the paediatric healthcare workers participating in this study suffered from sleep disturbance, which was significantly higher than in the general population or in other professional occupations, consistent with the previous research [11] [12] [13] [14] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has posed unprecedented pressure and threats to healthcare workers in Wuhan and the entire country. AIMS: To assess the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the sleep quality of healthcare workers in a children’s healthcare centre in Wuhan. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted at the Children’s Healthcare Centre of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including socio-demographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). RESULTS: In total, 47 out of 123 (38%) participants with PSQI scores > 7 were identified as having sleep disturbance. A logistic regression analysis showed that sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child (adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.40 (1.21–9.57), P < 0.05), exposure to COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.97 (1.08–8.18), P < 0.05) and depression (adjusted OR and 95% CI 2.83 (1.10–7.27), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed that, during the outbreak of COVID-19, sleep disturbance was highly prevalent among paediatric healthcare workers, and sleep disturbance was independently associated with being an only child, exposure to COVID-19 patients and depression. Therefore, more mental health services are required for front-line paediatric healthcare workers in Wuhan. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa074 id: cord-277774-kec1o4ys author: Wang, Shangqian title: The need for urogenital tract monitoring in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-20 words: 1528.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277774-kec1o4ys.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which invades a cell through binding to the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming. Most patients with severe COVID-19 present with pneumonia-related symptoms, but some patients with severe disease could develop serious urinary complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), which requires continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) 1 . Furthermore, male reproductive systems are vulnerable to infection; dramatic changes in sex hormones in patients with COVID-19 have been observed, suggesting gonadal function impairment 2 . Similar findings were also observed in autopsy kidney samples from patients with MERS-CoV infection 4 , which showed degeneration of the renal tubules, including ectasia changes and necrosis, sloughing, and loss of brush surface in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which invades a cell through binding to the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 priming. Patients with severe disease predominantly present with pneumonia-related symptoms. However, evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection also has implications for the urogenital tract. Thus, urogenital organs should be considered when treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-020-0319-7 doi: 10.1038/s41585-020-0319-7 id: cord-340119-af8i359n author: Wang, Shi-xin title: Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine date: 2020-04-15 words: 5323.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340119-af8i359n.txt summary: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. TCM characteristics, prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province from the perspective of dampness, toxin and dryness Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on issuing the prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Beijing (trial second edition) Notice of Municipal Health Commission on issuing traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Tianjin (for trial implementation) Notice on issuing the prevention and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Gansu Province (trial second edition) Notice on issuing the diagnosis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province (trial second edition) abstract: Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in December 2019, it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095496420300376?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001 id: cord-347480-vs57lu1f author: Wang, Shu title: Psychological distress and sleep problems when people are under interpersonal isolation during an epidemic: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-08-28 words: 5252.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347480-vs57lu1f.txt summary: We conducted this large-scale, nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using a population-based representative sampling procedure to explore the psychological impact of interpersonal isolation and the stress of infection among a wide range of people. Based on the preinvestigation results, areas were stratified by the number of confirmed patients, and psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7, Cronbach''s α = 0.90) [11] , the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9, Cronbach''s α = 0.89) [12] , and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI, Cronbach''s α = 0.83) [13] . However, the present study found that participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19. The present study found that 11.0-13.3% of participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms and that 1.9-2.7% had severe psychological distress or sleep problems during the outbreak of COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND. During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people are under the dual pressure of interpersonal isolation and concerns about infection. An evaluation of people’s psychological status and risk factors is needed to conduct target interventions. METHODS. This was a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using quota and snowball sampling methods during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Participants’ characteristics and experiences were obtained by an online questionnaire and telephone review. Psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Insomnia Severity Index. RESULTS. A total of 23,500 participants were recruited, and 19,372 valid questionnaires were received from 11 centers. Overall, 11.0–13.3% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms, and 1.9–2.7% had severe symptoms. The prevalence of psychological and sleep problems has increased. Working as frontline medical staff (Odds Ratio OR = 3.406), living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.237), close contacts with COVID-19 (OR = 1.808), and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.310) were risk factors for anxiety symptoms; no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 2.167) and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.198) were risk factors for depression symptoms; and living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.376), no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 1.927), and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.262) were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Only 1.9% of participants received counseling during the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS. Psychological and sleep problems increased during interpersonal isolation due to COVID-19. Current psychological interventions are far from sufficient. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.78 doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.78 id: cord-335619-t3yv5y7h author: Wang, Song-mi title: Screening of SARS-CoV-2 in 299 Hospitalized Children with Hemato-oncological Diseases: A Multicenter Survey in Hubei, China date: 2020-08-07 words: 2426.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335619-t3yv5y7h.txt summary: A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics, lung CT scan, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test and serum antibodies of hospitalized children with hemato-oncological diseases from January 23 to April 24, 2020. A cross-sectional study was performed to inves-tigate the SARS-CoV-2 infection status of children with hemato-oncological diseases hospitalized in three medical institutions from January 23 to April 24, 2020. The findings of this study showed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in enrolled children with hematological malignancies was 0.33%. Zhang [3] reported that 53.6% of COVID-19infected cancer patients had serious clinical events, with a mortality rate of 28.6%. Therefore, for patients with hematological malignancies, the possibility of COVID-19 cannot be ruled out by negative antibody detection, which needs to be combined with multiple nucleic acid test, epidemiological history, and lung imaging to assist in the diagnosis. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 infection status of hospitalized children was surveyed in the department of pediatric hematology and oncology in three different hospitals of epidemic areas in Hubei, China. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics, lung CT scan, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test and serum antibodies of hospitalized children with hemato-oncological diseases from January 23 to April 24, 2020. 299 children were enrolled in this study, including 176 males (58.9%) and 123 females (41.1%), aged from 2 months to 16 years. 255 cases (85.3%) received chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive therapies, and there were 44 cases (14.7%) of other benign diseases. Nucleic acid test was performed on 258 children (86.3%) and one case was positive. 163 cases (54.5%) were tested for serum antibodies, and all of them were negative. Lung CT scan was performed on 247 children (82.6%), and 107 of them showed infectious changes. Only one case (0.33%) of COVID-19 was diagnosed in the group. The prevalence rate of COVID-19 in enrolled children with hemato-oncological diseases in Hubei was 0.33%. Immunosuppressed patients are not prone to produce related antibodies. Comprehensive protective measures and ward management can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the group patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2228-7 doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2228-7 id: cord-309716-4wn3lx70 author: Wang, W. title: Thyroid function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-16 words: 3167.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309716-4wn3lx70.txt summary: In 7 patients with dynamic changes of thyroid function, we observed the levels of TT3 and TSH gradually increased and reached normal range without thyroid hormone replacement at Day 30 post-admission. The thyroid function in COVID-19, pneumonia patients and healthy subjects was compared, and its relationship with disease severity, interval time for negative conversion of viral nucleic acid, auto-antibodies, leukocytes, inflammatory biomarkers and cytokines were also investigated to uncover the underlying clinical value of thyroid dysfunction. The association between thyroid function and disease severity, inflammatory biomarker (leukocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ), auto-antibodies (thyroglobulin antibody, thyroid peroxidase antibody) and interval time for negative conversion of viral nucleic acid were analyzed. Since SARS-CoV has been reported to infect immune cells, mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages [24] , we suggest that the extent of decreased lymphocyte levels may reflect the severity of viral attack and indicate the outcome of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus COVID-19, has caused a worldwide pandemic, impairing several human organs and systems. Whether COVID-19 affects human thyroid function remains unknown. Methods: 84 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China) were respectively enrolled in this study. In addition, 73 other patients with pneumonia and 819 healthy subjects were included as controls. Results: We found that the levels of TT3 and TSH were lower in COVID-19 patients than control groups (p<0.001). Within the group of COVID-19 patients, 61.9% patients (52/84) presented with thyroid function abnormalities. We found a larger proportion of patients in severe condition exhibited thyroid dysfunction than mild/moderate cases (90.4% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001). Patients with thyroid dysfunction tended to have increased interval time for negative conversion of viral nucleic acid (14.1 {+/-} 9.4 vs. 10.6 {+/-} 8.3 days, p = 0.088). To note, thyroid dysfunction was also associated with decreased lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and increased CRP (p = 0.002). In 7 patients with dynamic changes of thyroid function, we observed the levels of TT3 and TSH gradually increased and reached normal range without thyroid hormone replacement at Day 30 post-admission. The correlation between TT3 and TSH level seemed to be positive rather than negative in the early stage, and gradually turned to be negatively related over time. Conclusions: Thyroid function abnormalities are common in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe cases. This might be caused by virus attack and damage to the thyroid-pituitary axis. Therefore, more attention should be paid to thyroid function during treatment of COVID-19, and close follow-up is also needed after discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20130807 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20130807 id: cord-312885-d4ku8dyz author: Wang, W. title: Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination date: 2020-09-30 words: 4378.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312885-d4ku8dyz.txt summary: Here, we provide global, regional, and national estimates of the size of the COVID-19 vaccine recipient population by priority group under the allocation frameworks proposed by various international teams (8, (10) (11) (12) . preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in In main analysis, to consider vaccine programs tailored the epidemiological situation of individual countries, we also used COVID-19 case counts (as of September 13, 2020) and serology data to estimate the size of the population already infected, who may be at lower priority for vaccination. abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 vaccine prioritization and allocation strategies that maximize health benefit through efficient use of limited resources are urgently needed. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination to inform country-specific immunization strategies on a global scale. Methods Based on a previous study of international allocation for pandemic COVID-19 vaccines, we classified the entire world population into eleven priority groups. Information on priority groups was derived from a multi-pronged search of official websites, media sources and academic journal articles. The sizes of different priority groups were projected for 194 countries globally. Results Overall, the size of COVID-19 vaccine recipient population varied markedly by goals of the vaccination program and geography. The general population aged <60 years without any underlying condition accounts for the majority of the total population (5.2 billion people, 68%), followed by 2.3 billion individuals at risk of severe disease, and 46.9 million essential workers which are critical to maintaining a functional society. Differences in the demographic structure, presence of underlying conditions, and number of essential workers led to highly variable estimates of target populations both at the WHO region and country level. In particular, Europe has the highest share of essential workers (6.8%) and the highest share of individuals with underlying conditions (37.8%), two priority categories to maintain societal functions and reduce severe burden. In contrast, Africa has the highest share of healthy adults, school-age individuals, and infants (77.6%), which are the key groups to target to reduce community transmission. Interpretation The sizeable distribution of target groups on a country and regional bases underlines the importance of equitable and efficient vaccine prioritization and allocation globally. The direct and indirect benefits of COVID-19 vaccination should be balanced by considering local differences in demography and health. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.29.20200469 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20200469 id: cord-279875-jxnszm5k author: Wang, Wan-Ying title: Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 2045.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279875-jxnszm5k.txt summary: (Mahase, 2020) In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is concurrently playing an important role in the treatment of COVID-19, integrated with modern imaging system, first-aid facility and ordinary chemical therapy. Each mobile cabin hospital is equipped with 2-3 TCM experts and a team of 12 national TCM masters are accompanied with severe patients in Wuhan.(Liu，Ruiche, 2020) Currently, the national treatment guidance of COVID-19 (7 th edition) (General Office of the National Health Commission, 2020) and more than 20 provinces and regions have released modified treatment guidance inclining TCM integration according to their geographical and weather conditions, which is an unique methodology in TCM therapy based on the perspective of harmonization between environment and human body. Therefore, a qualitative definition of COVID-19 in TCM theory is a "cold and damp" (Chen and Nakamura, 2004; Jia and Gao, 2003) Using a different idea from the microbiology-oriented knowledge of the aetiology of the disease or the mechanism of novel drugs, TCM emphasizes on the relief of symptoms so as to cure infected patients and control the spreading of epidemics. abstract: COVID-19 as an epidemic disease has spread across the planet since December 2019. The somber situation reminds each country to take actions in preventing the spreading of the virus. China as one of the early affected countries has been fighting against the novel coronavirus with the achievements of nearly 80,000 cured confirmed patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made contributions to the treatment of COVID-19 because of its efficacy and comprehensive therapeutic theory. In this commentary, the advantage, aetiology and mechanism of TCM therapy were discussed in the aspect of its functions in reducing the harms brought by COVID-19 to human beings. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711320301100?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153279 id: cord-290053-2i0lqs12 author: Wang, Weiping title: Radiotherapy after the easing of public restrictions during COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-07-09 words: 1326.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290053-2i0lqs12.txt summary: Two hospitals in Wuhan reported that all new admitted patients are receiving COVID-19 screening, including blood test, chest CT, and nucleic acid test, before radiotherapy [2, 3] . In most hospitals, including our institute, COVID-19 nucleic acid test screening was not conducted for patients without fever and other symptoms suspicious of COVID-19 [4] [5] [6] . Compared with the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been more consensus statements or recommendations to conduct radiotherapy. With these consensus statements or recommendations, radiation oncologists could conduct radiotherapy more appropriately during the COVID-19 outbreak. After the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been some reports on experiences or guidance on radiotherapy workflow and protection procedures for infection control zoning, area disinfection, personal protective equipment, staff rotation, COVID-19 screening, and emergence plans, among other measures [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Our institute restarted necessary face-to-face meetings for discussions of patients'' diseases and treatment from 11 May, 25 days after the last new confirmed COVID-19 case in Beijing. abstract: The daily new confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have decreased in some European and Asian countries. Many countries and areas have started to ease public restrictions. Here, we share our experiences and recommendations on how to conduct radiotherapy after public restrictions have eased or upon reopening. Firstly, COVID-19 nucleic acid test screening should be performed for all new admitted patients in areas with enough test capability. Secondly, radiotherapy can be conducted reference to consensus or recommendations on radiotherapy during COVID-19. Thirdly, it is not the time to consider compromising the guidance and the guidance on radiotherapy workflow and protection procedures still should be strictly followed. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-020-01612-5 doi: 10.1186/s13014-020-01612-5 id: cord-266214-l8pmhcd5 author: Wang, Xiaogang title: Management Strategies for Patients After CABG Surgery in the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-21 words: 2640.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266214-l8pmhcd5.txt summary: CONCLUSION: The management strategy here we proposed could improve the outcome of patients after CABG during the pandemic and benefit both cardiovascular patients and health-care workers. According to the data reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, elderly patients with preexisting medical comorbidities are prone to severe illness and death after infection, which places the patients recovering from CABG surgery at a higher of infection. It is reported that in the over 40,000 confirmed cases, the casefatality rate of patients with CVD, diabetes, or hypertension is notably higher than average, which indicates the control of blood glucose (BG) and blood pressure (BP) playing a significant role in the prevention and outcome of COVID-19 infection for patients after CABG. Self-monitoring of COVID-19-related symptoms, including cough, fever, and dyspnea, is recommended for cardiovascular health-care workers, and a SARS-CoV-2 virus test should be considered when any kind of suspected exposure to infection occurs. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) has quickly spread over the world and affected over 100 countries so far. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease may have a higher risk of infection of COVID-19 and worse outcomes than others. To improve the outcome during the pandemic, management strategies for the patients recovering from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery need to be reconsidered. METHODS: Some precaution advices including self-protection, blood glucose and blood pressure controlling are recommended for the patients recovering from CABG during the pandemic. They are encouraged to communicate with doctors by telephone or Internet when COVID-19 related symptoms such as cough, fever and dyspnea occur. As a follow-up strategy for patients after CABG surgery, cardiac biomarkers and CTA could also be helpful to the diagnosis of COVID-19. Some medications being investigated for COVID-19 therapy may have side effects relevant to cardiovascular disease. Appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) is necessary for cardiovascular health-care workers operating in clinical settings. RESULTS: There was zero out of over 300 follow-up patients after CABG surgery confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 from January to June 2020. No cardiovascular health-care workers were reported to be infected neither in the Second Xiangya Hospital during the pandemic. CONCLUSION: The management strategy here we proposed could improve the outcome of patients after CABG during the pandemic and benefit both cardiovascular patients and health-care workers. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s271133 doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s271133 id: cord-336298-odl1nv4i author: Wang, Xiaoqiang title: Effects of Chinese strategies for controlling the diffusion and deterioration of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China date: 2020-03-12 words: 2019.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336298-odl1nv4i.txt summary: For COVID-19 data, we collected the number of cumulative confirmed patients from January 21, 2020 to February 23, 2020 because almost all areas in China began to report confirmed cases from January 21, 2020, and the growth speed reached zero around most areas except Hubei before February 23, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19 as quickly as possible, the Chinese government took actions rapidly and implemented a series of strategies [5, 6, 9] is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint By implementing multiple Chinese strategies, the growth speed of confirmed patients reached Speedmax and began to decline within 14 days in almost all areas of mainland China. In conclusion, by analyzing the time to Speedmax, our study suggests that Chinese strategies are highly effective on controlling the diffusion and deterioration of the Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. abstract: Background: In December 2019, an outbreak of new type of coronavirus named COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In a very short time, this virus spread rapidly over China, greatly threatening public health and economic development. The Chinese government acted quickly and implemented a series of strategies to prevent diffusion of this disease. We therefore sought to evaluate the effects of these Chinese strategies for controlling the spread of COVID-19. Methods: From the data of cumulative confirmed cases from provincial Health Commission websites of China, we performed model fitting and calculated the growth speed of cumulative confirmed patients. We further analyzed the time when this growth speed, the rate of the number of new cases, reached its maximum (Speedmax). Comparing different times to Speedmax of different areas in China, we calculated the dates at which the growth speed began to decline in different areas. Also, The number of plateaus were analyzed. Results: The quartic model showed the best fit. For almost all areas in mainland China, the speed of infections reached Speedmax and began to decline within 14 days; exceptions were Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hainan, Guizhou, and Hubei. The number of plateaus was significantly correlated with the emigration index. However, the distance from other areas to Hubei and the number of plateaus had little influence on when a province or area arrived at Speedmax. Once strict intervention strategies were implemented, diffusion and deterioration of COVID-19 were inhibited quickly and effectively over China. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Chinese strategies are highly effective on controlling the diffusion and deterioration of the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. These strategies supply experience and guidelines for other countries to control the COVID-19 epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.10.20032755 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.10.20032755 id: cord-338790-rvdoq616 author: Wang, Xiaowen title: Be aware of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-26 words: 2904.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338790-rvdoq616.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: By extracting data from electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective observational study of kidney involvement in confirmed pediatric COVID-19 cases in Wuhan Children''s Hospital during the coronavirus outbreak, from January 24 to March 20, 2020. The AWARE (Assessment of Worldwide Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Angina, and Epidemiology) study, which enrolled ICUs in 32 hospitals in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America, showed that the overall incidence of AKI in 4683 critically ill children was 26.9%, and the incidence of severe AKI (KDIGO stage 2 or 3) was 11.6% [8, 14] . The correlation between IL-6 titer and serum creatinine level in our patients suggests that cytokine storm might play a more important role in critically ill COVID-19 children with AKI, in addition to the prerenal and intrarenal injuries. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of critically ill adult patients with COVID-19. However, currently, no studies investigate kidney impairment in children with COVID-19. We investigated incidence and treatment of AKI in pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Children’s Hospital during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss possible mechanisms of AKI related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: By extracting data from electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective observational study of kidney involvement in confirmed pediatric COVID-19 cases in Wuhan Children’s Hospital during the coronavirus outbreak, from January 24 to March 20, 2020. Clinical presentations, clinical courses, laboratory findings, and medical interventions are described below. RESULTS: Among 238 confirmed COVID-19 cases, only three were critically ill and needed intensive care unit (ICU) admission. All three developed AKI, but AKI was not detected in any non-critically ill patients outside the ICU. Two of the three patients with AKI had prodromal gastrointestinal symptoms. Significantly elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and complement activation were observed in these patients with AKI. The three patients with AKI were treated with plasma exchange (PE) and continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT), resulting in one complete recovery, one partial recovery, and one mortality due to critical illness. CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill children with COVID-19 may develop AKI, especially following prodromal gastrointestinal symptoms. An inflammatory storm and complement-mediated injury may underlie AKI development in children with COVID-19. Our study supports implantation of PE and CKRT in management of critically ill patients with AKI. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32844290/ doi: 10.1007/s00467-020-04715-z id: cord-355772-kvenaqj3 author: Wang, Xuan title: Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff date: 2020-04-11 words: 2298.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355772-kvenaqj3.txt summary: 3 In the very early stage of the epidemic, the first 14 of these infected medical staff were from the Department of Neurosurgery, which was located in the epidemic center of the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we would like to summarize and share our successful experiences in the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical staff of hospital departments, especially those devoted to non-infection diseases. After the implementation of these measures in our department, there has been no further infection among patients or medical staff. In a scenario of epidemic and shortage of medical resources, the medical staff should triage outpatients and inpatients, to achieve early detection and warning of COVID-19 infection ( Figure 2 ). In addition to operating rooms and wards, the offices and living areas of the medical staff are important potential areas of infection Improve the Awareness of the Medical Staff About the Epidemic COVID-19 differs from any other known infectious disease, and information regarding adequate protection is lacking. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277757/ doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa117 id: cord-253208-wknht58z author: Wang, Xue title: Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre date: 2020-09-09 words: 3957.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253208-wknht58z.txt summary: title: Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre The current study aims to explore whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. In view of the small number of deaths (n = 12) in the current study, NLR of 2.306 might have potential value for helping clinicians to identify patients with severe COVID-19, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 56.7% (AUC: 0.729, 95% CI 0.563–0.892; P = 0.063). In the current study, the investigators aimed to determine whether the PLR can serve as a valuable predictor of in-hospital mortality, and the value of NLR for predicting the all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. The current study suggests that the elevated NLR is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, while PLR was not associated with this. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern. The current study aims to explore whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. A total of 131 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 13 February 2020 to 14 March 2020 in a hospital in Wuhan designated for treating COVID-19 were enrolled in the current study. These 131 patients had a median age of 64 years old (interquartile range: 56–71 years old). Furthermore, among these patients, 111 (91.8%) patients were discharged and 12 (9.2%) patients died in the hospital. The pooled analysis revealed that the NLR at admission was significantly elevated for non-survivors, when compared to survivors (P < 0.001). The NLR of 3.338 was associated with all-cause mortality, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 84.0% (area under the curve (AUC): 0.963, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.911–1.000; P < 0.001). In view of the small number of deaths (n = 12) in the current study, NLR of 2.306 might have potential value for helping clinicians to identify patients with severe COVID-19, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 56.7% (AUC: 0.729, 95% CI 0.563–0.892; P = 0.063). The NLR was significantly associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. Hence, NLR is a useful biomarker to predict the all-cause mortality of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32900409/ doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002071 id: cord-283099-nhz3pye2 author: Wang, Xue title: Unprotected mothers and infants breastfeeding in public amenities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-21 words: 2355.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283099-nhz3pye2.txt summary: Here we outline the common issues in the current design of lactation facilities and the use of other public amenities by breastfeeding mothers, as a timely reminder on the potential risks to breastfeeding mothers and unprotected infants during the current pandemic ( Fig. 1) . Overall, breastfeeding appears to be a good practice to maintain the health and reduce the risks for infants during the current pandemic, yet there is a need for sufficient lactation rooms in the public space. The number of lactation rooms have increased in the public space, yet many issues remain to be solved, such as inadequate area, location near toilets, poor ventilation and lack of air temperature control The COVID-19 episode has also accentuated the risk induced by poor ventilation. In light of the known risks of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19, breastfeeding in public toilets is not recommended during the current pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837483/ doi: 10.1007/s10311-020-01054-1 id: cord-253392-cws6uj3c author: Wang, Yali title: The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-03 words: 861.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253392-cws6uj3c.txt summary: The NHCC-recommended traditional medicines have been clinically used or studied for several inflammation-related disease conditions other than viral infections, with the inflammation processes regulated by similar sets of regulators as COVID-19 (Supplementary Table S1 ). In-vitro and in-vivo studies have led to useful clues to certain common inflammation-regulatory mechanisms of these traditional medicines against COVID-19 [4] , viral infections [5] and other inflammation-related disease conditions (Supplementary Table S1 ). Despite the incomplete investigations, the multi-omics data analysis revealed the inflammation-promoting adverse effects by 5 of the 8 traditional medicines (Table 1) , consistent with the reported pneumonitis and lung injury in the patients of interstitial lung diseases given various kampo formulations [3] . The multi-omics data analysis also provides useful indications about whether the pros of these traditional medicines outweigh the cons for the patients of the inflammationrelated disease conditions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371086/ doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104873 id: cord-353113-peqzaupr author: Wang, Yan title: Case Report: Opportunities for Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients—Lessons From a Death Case date: 2020-08-14 words: 2364.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353113-peqzaupr.txt summary: Patients presenting with respiratory distress (respiratory rate [RR] ≥30 breaths/min), low oxygen saturation at rest (SpO 2 ≤93%), or arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 )/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≤300 mmHg are diagnosed as severe cases; critical cases develop worse conditions, such as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, or other organ failure, requiring an intensive care unit. On February 7, the Centers for Disease Control confirmed that the patient''s oropharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive; thus, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 (severe case), ARDS, and hypertension. PaO 2 and CRP seemed to improve with increasing FiO 2 (up to 100%) and the use of methylprednisolone, but the clinical manifestation persisted, and, on February 15, PaO 2 could not be maintained; it fell to 35 mmHg, the SpO 2 was at 45%, the RR at 50 breaths/min, and confusion occurred. abstract: With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases each day. To date, there is no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug. The usual approach to treating COVID-19 is treating its symptoms. However, this approach is limited by the different conditions of each area. We treated a 57-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with a severe type of the infection, but he progressed to a critical condition and eventually died. We learned valuable lessons from this case. The first lesson is the need to use immediate invasive mechanical ventilation if there is no obvious improvement after using non-invasive ventilation for several hours, which directly affects the prognosis. Another lesson is the risk involved in transferring severe COVID-19 patients. In the process of transfer, various threats may be encountered at any time. Thus, accurate assessment of the patient's condition and strict medical conditions are highly required. During the patient's 25-day treatment, we performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation twice. Currently, many patients require invasive mechanical ventilation and transfer to a superior hospital. We hope our findings will provide some advice and help for treating severe and critical COVID-19 cases. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00533 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00533 id: cord-217201-lvefk7qx author: Wang, Yang title: Ontology-based annotation and analysis of COVID-19 phenotypes date: 2020-08-05 words: 2483.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-217201-lvefk7qx.txt summary: Based on the HP classification, we systematically analyze three nervous phenotypes (loss of smell, loss of taste, and headache) and four abdominal phenotypes (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea) identified in patients, and found that patients from Europe and USA turned to have higher nervous phenotypes and abdominal phenotypes than patients from Asia. First, we analyzed the group of COVID-19-related nervous system phenotypes, which includes loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (parageusia), and headache ( Figure 1 ). To further study the relation between different comorbidity phenotypes and disease outcomes, we survey the disease data from the literature and compared the incidences of specific comorbidity phenotypes in severe or non-severe COVID-19 patients. In severe disease patients, the incidence of diabetes or kidney failure was higher than that in non-severe patient groups (The X-axis is country/city, report date, number of cases). Based on the HP classification, we systematically analyzed 17 clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 in case reported. abstract: The epidemic of COVID-19 has caused an unpredictable and devastated disaster to the public health in different territories around the world. Common phenotypes include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chills. With more cases investigated, other clinical phenotypes are gradually recognized, for example, loss of smell, and loss of tastes. Compared with discharged or cured patients, severe or died patients often have one or more comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we systematically collected and analyzed COVID-19-related clinical phenotypes from 70 articles. The commonly occurring 17 phenotypes were classified into different groups based on the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Based on the HP classification, we systematically analyze three nervous phenotypes (loss of smell, loss of taste, and headache) and four abdominal phenotypes (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea) identified in patients, and found that patients from Europe and USA turned to have higher nervous phenotypes and abdominal phenotypes than patients from Asia. A total of 23 comorbidities were found to commonly exist among COVID-19 patients. Patients with these comorbidities such as diabetes and kidney failure had worse outcomes compared with those without these comorbidities. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.02241v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-346015-bzeqs5oh author: Wang, Yeming title: Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial date: 2020-04-29 words: 5233.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346015-bzeqs5oh.txt summary: Although several approved drugs and investigational agents have shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, 6, 7 at present there are no antiviral therapies of proven effectiveness in treating severely ill patients with A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of hydroxychloroquine involving 150 adults admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported no significant effect of the drug on accelerating viral clearance. This was an investigator-initiated, individually randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous remdesivir in adults (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19. Our study is the first randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial assessing the effect of intravenous remdesivir in adults admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19. Future studies of remdesivir, including earlier treatment in patients with COVID-19 and higher-dose regimens or in combination with other antivirals or SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in those with severe COVID-19 are needed to better understand its potential effectiveness. abstract: BACKGROUND: No specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has inhibitory effects on pathogenic animal and human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro, and inhibits Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 replication in animal models. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial at ten hospitals in Hubei, China. Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an interval from symptom onset to enrolment of 12 days or less, oxygen saturation of 94% or less on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intravenous remdesivir (200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2–10 in single daily infusions) or the same volume of placebo infusions for 10 days. Patients were permitted concomitant use of lopinavir–ritonavir, interferons, and corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement up to day 28, defined as the time (in days) from randomisation to the point of a decline of two levels on a six-point ordinal scale of clinical status (from 1=discharged to 6=death) or discharged alive from hospital, whichever came first. Primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and safety analysis was done in all patients who started their assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04257656. FINDINGS: Between Feb 6, 2020, and March 12, 2020, 237 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treatment group (158 to remdesivir and 79 to placebo); one patient in the placebo group who withdrew after randomisation was not included in the ITT population. Remdesivir use was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1·23 [95% CI 0·87–1·75]). Although not statistically significant, patients receiving remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less (hazard ratio 1·52 [0·95–2·43]). Adverse events were reported in 102 (66%) of 155 remdesivir recipients versus 50 (64%) of 78 placebo recipients. Remdesivir was stopped early because of adverse events in 18 (12%) patients versus four (5%) patients who stopped placebo early. INTERPRETATION: In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. However, the numerical reduction in time to clinical improvement in those treated earlier requires confirmation in larger studies. FUNDING: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Emergency Project of COVID-19, National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Beijing Science and Technology Project. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673620310229 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31022-9 id: cord-333745-nwnt2tde author: Wang, Yi title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory indicator analysis of 67 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Suzhou, China date: 2020-10-12 words: 4399.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333745-nwnt2tde.txt summary: RESULTS: The study found that fibrinogen (FIB) was increased in 45 (65.2%) patients, and when FIB reached a critical value of 4.805 g/L, the sensitivity and specificity、DA, helping to distinguish general and severe cases, were 100 and 14%、92.9%, respectively, which were significantly better than those for lymphocyte count and myoglobin. In a comparison of patients in Group A with patients in Group B, the lymphocyte count absolute value (L), myoglobin (MB) and fibrinogen of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B, with statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) ( Table 4 ). Laboratory data showed that the WBC, N%, and CRP in Group B COVID-19 pneumonia patients were significantly higher than those of Group A patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). abstract: BACKGROUND: Sudden exacerbations and respiratory failure are major causes of death in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pneumonia, but indicators for the prediction and treatment of severe patients are still lacking. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 67 collected cases was conducted and included approximately 67 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to the Suzhou Fifth People’s Hospital from January 1, 2020 to February 8, 2020. The epidemiological, clinical and imaging characteristics as well as laboratory data of the 67 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The study found that fibrinogen (FIB) was increased in 45 (65.2%) patients, and when FIB reached a critical value of 4.805 g/L, the sensitivity and specificity、DA, helping to distinguish general and severe cases, were 100 and 14%、92.9%, respectively, which were significantly better than those for lymphocyte count and myoglobin. Chest CT images indicated that the cumulative number of lung lobes with lesions in severe patients was significantly higher than that in general patients (P < 0.05), and the cumulative number of lung lobes with lesions was negatively correlated with lymphocyte count and positively correlated with myoglobin and FIB. Our study also found that there was no obvious effect of hormone therapy in patients with severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the retrospective analysis, FIB was found to be increased in severe patients and was better than lymphocyte count and myoglobin in distinguishing general and severe patients. The study also suggested that hormone treatment has no significant effect on COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046047/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05468-8 id: cord-326010-8f891ocp author: Wang, Yibin title: Using “old” medications to fight new COVID-19: Re-purposing with a purpose date: 2020-07-18 words: 754.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326010-8f891ocp.txt summary: Despite the unprecedented efforts and rapid scientific progress in the discovery of the cellular and molecular details for the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as a result of SARS-COV2 infection, there are still no specific new therapies that have been approved to either prevent or treat COVID19 in clinics [1, 2] . In recent retrospective studies led by a consortium of investigators based on a large clinical cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Hubei, China, one class of medicine originally used for blood pressure management (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor blockers) [7] , and another class of medication originally prescribed for hyperlipidemia (statins) [8] , were analyzed for their association with COVID-19 related death and other secondary outcome. After extensive adjustment and matching for major clinical risk profiles, statistical analyses showed both ACEi/ARB and statins were found to be associated with a significant reduction in death and adverse outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022282820302273?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.005 id: cord-273315-el2qjtqc author: Wang, Ying title: Cerebrovascular disease is associated with the risk of mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-06-30 words: 1198.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273315-el2qjtqc.txt summary: Our meta-analysis showed that cerebrovascular disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients on the basis of a fixed-effects model (OR = 4.78, 95% CI: 3.24-7.03, P < 0.001) (Fig. 1a) . All values are n (%), mean (SD), and median (IQR) NR not reported Fig. 1 Odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cerebrovascular disease (a), sensitivity analysis for cerebrovascular disease (b), publication bias assessment: Egger''s test (c) and Begg''s test (d) disease was associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients (Fig. 1b) . did not observe a significant association between a past history of cerebrovascular disease and the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients based on two published studies (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 0.77-7.04) [11] . However, in our present meta-analysis based on eight published studies, the cerebrovascular disease was identified to be significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04542-y doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04542-y id: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb author: Wang, Yu title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China date: 2020-05-28 words: 3501.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt summary: title: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China Conclusion The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. Conclusion The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. Given epidemic growth is dominated by household transmission, 5 6 studying the use of NPIs, such as face masks, social distancing and disinfection in the household setting, may inform community epidemic control and prevent transmission of COVID-19 in households. Transmission was significantly reduced BMJ Global Health by frequent use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households and family members (including the primary case) wearing a mask at home before the primary case developed the illness (table 4) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transmission of COVID-19 within families and close contacts accounts for the majority of epidemic growth. Community mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing are thought to be effective but there is little evidence to inform or support community members on COVID-19 risk reduction within families. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 335 people in 124 families and with at least one laboratory confirmed COVID-19 case was conducted from 28 February to 27 March 2020, in Beijing, China. The outcome of interest was secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the family. Characteristics and practices of primary cases, of well family contacts and household hygiene practices were analysed as predictors of secondary transmission. RESULTS: The secondary attack rate in families was 23.0% (77/335). Face mask use by the primary case and family contacts before the primary case developed symptoms was 79% effective in reducing transmission (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.79). Daily use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households was 77% effective (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.84). Wearing a mask after illness onset of the primary case was not significantly protective. The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60). Household crowding was not significant. CONCLUSION: The study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. We also found evidence of faecal transmission. This can inform guidelines for community prevention in settings of intense COVID-19 epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002794 id: cord-262100-z6uv32a0 author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak date: 2020-09-14 words: 5422.0 sentences: 281.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262100-z6uv32a0.txt summary: Noticeably, psychomotor symptoms such as impaired motor skills, restlessness, and inability to relax exhibited high centrality during the outbreak, which still relatively high but showed substantial remission during after peak stage (in terms of strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality). This study provides novel insights into the changes in central features during the different COVID-19 stages and highlights motor-related symptoms as bridge symptoms, which could activate the connection between anxiety and depression. In a recent longitudinal study on mental health during COVID-19, no significant changes in anxiety and depression were found in the general Chinese population between the initial outbreak and the after peak period [6] . However, the existing studies did not investigate the mechanism and changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms throughout the COVID-19 outbreak and the after peak using network analysis. During the outbreak and after peak, the occurrence of either impaired motor skills with depression symptoms or restlessness with anxiety symptoms could increase the risk of activation for other mental disorders. abstract: The current study investigated the mechanism and changes in psychopathology symptoms throughout the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak. Two studies were conducted separately in China during outbreak and the after peak stages, with 2540 participants were recruited from February 6 to 16, 2020, and 2543 participants were recruited from April 25 to May 5, 2020. The network models were created to explore the relationship between psychopathology symptoms both within and across anxiety and depression, with anxiety measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Symptom network analysis was conducted to evaluate network and bridge centrality, and the network properties were compared between the outbreak and after peak. Noticeably, psychomotor symptoms such as impaired motor skills, restlessness, and inability to relax exhibited high centrality during the outbreak, which still relatively high but showed substantial remission during after peak stage (in terms of strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality). Meanwhile, symptoms of irritability (strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality) and loss of energy (bridge centrality) played an important role in the network after the peak of the pandemic. This study provides novel insights into the changes in central features during the different COVID-19 stages and highlights motor-related symptoms as bridge symptoms, which could activate the connection between anxiety and depression. The results revealed that restrictions on movement were associated with worsen in psychomotor symptoms, indicating that future psychological interventions should target motor-related symptoms as priority. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32929212/ doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00881-6 id: cord-306322-vx1fqtl5 author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-20 words: 460.0 sentences: 32.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306322-vx1fqtl5.txt summary: title: Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic 4 Because of the difficulties caused by COVID-19 discussed above, it is likely that transgender individuals are also facing challenging situations with regards to their mental health. In our transgender clinic, in Beijing, China, we found that difficulty in accessing hormone interventions was associated with high levels of anxiety and depression due to uncertainty about the availability of future treatments and struggles with maintaining unwanted gender identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. After genderaffirming surgery, groups such as transgender women tend to have adverse outcomes of vaginoplasty, such as visceral injury, fistulas, vaginal prolapse, and pelvic floor disorders, which occur because of the complex nature of the gender reassignment and require long-term care after surgery. Health care and mental wellbeing in the transgender and gender-diverse Chinese population Reduction in mental health treatment utilization among transgender individuals after gender-affirming surgeries: a total population study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445629/ doi: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30182-0 id: cord-316137-6zdxfv8v author: Wang, Yuanyuan title: Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching date: 2020-11-05 words: 4547.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316137-6zdxfv8v.txt summary: title: Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching The following data were extracted: sex; age; ethnicity; height; weight; exposure history; chronic medical histories (chronic pulmonary disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic nephritic disease, diabetes, malignancy, and so on); duration from onset to hospital admission; presence and severity of symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, fatigue, and so on); vital signs (RR, pulse/heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation); laboratory examinations (complete blood count, blood chemical analysis, measures of electrolytes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, liver and renal function test, lactate dehydrogenase, and so on); chest computed tomography findings; complications (coexisted infection and chronic disease progression); and supporting treatment (oxygen therapy, ventilation, antiviral and antibacterial agents, corticosteroids, and so on). abstract: BACKGROUND: : Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used for severe illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its treatment effects and safety are unclear. PURPOSE: : This study reviews the effect and safety of CHM granules in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. METHODS: : We conducted a single-center, retrospective study on patients with severe COVID-19 in a designated hospital in Wuhan from January 15, 2020 to March 30, 2020. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the effect and safety of the treatment using CHM granules. The ratio of patients who received treatment with CHM granules combined with usual care and those who received usual care alone was 1:1. The primary outcome was the time to clinical improvement within 28 days, defined as the time taken for the patients’ health to show improvement by decline of two categories (from the baseline) on a modified six-category ordinal scale, or to be discharged from the hospital before Day 28. RESULTS: : Using PSM, 43 patients (45% male) aged 65.6 (57–70) years from each group were exactly matched. No significant difference was observed in clinical improvement of patients treated with CHM granules compared with those who received usual (P = 0.851). However, the use of CHM granules reduced the 28-day mortality (P = 0.049) and shortened the duration of fever (4 days vs. 7 days, P = 0.002). The differences in the duration of cough and dyspnea and the difference in lung lesion ratio on computerized tomography scans were not significant. Commonly, patients in the CHM group had an increased D-dimer level (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: : For patients with severe COVID-19, CHM granules, combined with usual care, showed no improvement beyond usual care alone. However, the use of CHM granules reduced the 28-day mortality rate and the time to fever alleviation. Nevertheless, CHM granules may be associated with high risk of fibrinolysis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S094471132030235X doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153404 id: cord-277693-6lrawta5 author: Wang, Yuanzhuo title: Contributions of dermatologists to COVID‐19 research: a brief systematic review date: 2020-05-30 words: 1408.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277693-6lrawta5.txt summary: 298 articles were included and classified into cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, operating experience against COVID‐19, mechanisms and treatment of COVID‐19, disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)‐related skin diseases and other topics. 70 articles focused on cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 (n=70), followed by the management on patients with common skin diseases (n=68), operating experience against COVID-19 (n=49), mechanisms and treatment of COVID-19 (n=34), disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)-related skin diseases (n=27) and other topics(n=50). This study systematically reviewed contributions of dermatologists to COVID-19 research. We hope this study may help dermatologists to have a better understanding of the mechanisms, management, and the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, the operating experience of dermatology clinics in the " red-zone" area, and to use disinfectant and personal protective equipment properly. Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic. We conducted a systematic review to reveal the contribution of dermatologists in COVID‐19 research. 298 articles were included and classified into cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, operating experience against COVID‐19, mechanisms and treatment of COVID‐19, disinfection and personal protective equipment(PPE)‐related skin diseases and other topics. The value of these articles and their impact on clinical impact were discussed and we hope that dermatologists can have a better understanding of these areas from this study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13713 doi: 10.1111/dth.13713 id: cord-299082-s8bm40vy author: Wang, Yueying title: Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-26 words: 3714.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt summary: 5, 6, 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [15] Several investigators have reported cardiac function and structural abnormalities in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including acute heart failure (HF), 3,10,16 takotsubo syndrome, 17 ,18 viral myocarditis, 19 and acute myocardial infarction. In addition to exacerbating the previous cardiomyopathy and conduction disorders, inducing arrhythmia events, SARS-CoV-2 may also induce electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with no previous history of heart disease under a variety of mechanisms. Clinical features and mechanism of heart injury in patients suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a major global public health concern. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 causes primarily respiratory problems, concurrent cardiac injury cannot be ignored since it may be an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. Cardiac arrhythmias are often observed in patients with COVID‐19, especially in severe cases, and more likely contribute to the high risk of adverse outcomes. Arrhythmias should be regarded as one of the main complications of COVID‐19. Mechanistically, a number of ion channels can be adversely affected in COVID‐19, leading to alterations in cardiac conduction and/or repolarization properties, as well as calcium handling, which can predispose to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In addition, several antimicrobials that are currently used as potential therapeutic agents for COVID‐19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, have uncertain benefit, and yet may induce electrocardiographic QT prolongation with potential ventricular pro‐arrhythmic effects. Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring, accurate and prompt recognition of arrhythmias are important. The present review focuses on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19, its underlying mechanisms, and proposed preventive and therapeutic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024460/ doi: 10.1002/joa3.12405 id: cord-349740-xed4aybr author: Wang, Yulong title: Recommendations of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-10 words: 4260.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349740-xed4aybr.txt summary: The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. To avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to medical staff, appropriate protective measures taken by orthopedic surgeons during pandemic in different sites from pre-hospital, emergency diagnosis and treatment, emergency surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative management are of great importance. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. abstract: PURPOSE: It was the primary purpose of the present systematic review to identify the optimal protection measures during COVID-19 pandemic and provide guidance of protective measures for orthopedic surgeons. The secondary purpose was to report the protection experience of an orthopedic trauma center in Wuhan, China during the pandemic. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar was performed for studies about COVID-19, fracture, trauma, orthopedic, healthcare workers, protection, telemedicine. The appropriate protective measures for orthopedic surgeons and patients were reviewed (on-site first aid, emergency room, operating room, isolation wards, general ward, etc.) during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, and most studies (13/18) emphasized that orthopedic surgeons should pay attention to prevent cross-infection. Only four studies have reported in detail how orthopedic surgeons should be protected during surgery in the operating room. No detailed studies on multidisciplinary cooperation, strict protection, protection training, indications of emergency surgery, first aid on-site and protection in orthopedic wards were found. CONCLUSION: Strict protection at every step in the patient pathway is important to reduce the risk of cross-infection. Lessons learnt from our experience provide some recommendations of protective measures during the entire diagnosis and treatment process of traumatic patients and help others to manage orthopedic patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of cross-infection between patients and to protect healthcare workers during work. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32524164/ doi: 10.1007/s00167-020-06092-4 id: cord-282142-76jr4p7n author: Wang, Yun title: Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS date: 2020-08-07 words: 5495.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282142-76jr4p7n.txt summary: Pregnant women are susceptible to respiratory pathogens and the development of severe pneumonia, suggesting the urgent need to assess the potential maternal and infant outcome of pregnancy with COVID-19. Therefore, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and infant outcomes needs to be explored, especially the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19. SARS-CoV infection during pregnancy was associated with a risk of adverse maternal and neonatal complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, spontaneous miscarriage, severe maternal illnesses, such as, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and death (4, 6, 13, (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) . The samples of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples from six patients tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (5), suggesting no intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the nine pregnant COVID-19 patients. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is highly infectious and its ongoing outbreak has been declared a global pandemic by the WHO. Pregnant women are susceptible to respiratory pathogens and the development of severe pneumonia, suggesting the urgent need to assess the potential maternal and infant outcome of pregnancy with COVID-19. The intrauterine vertical transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 also remains controversial. Herein, we discuss the potential effect of COVID-19 on maternal and infant outcomes based on current studies, including those published in Chinese, in a total of 80 mothers with COVID-19 and 80 infants. We also comprehensively explored the mother-to-child transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, in particular the route of intrauterine vertical transmission. Given SARS-CoV-2 is a sister to SARS-CoV, of the SARS-related coronavirus species, we made a comprehensive comparison between them to learn from experiences with SARS. Although there is no evidence supporting the intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, our comprehensive analysis suggests that the adverse maternal and infant outcomes caused by COVID-19 cannot be underestimated. Further, we speculated that the inconsistency between nucleic acids and serological characteristics IgM to SARS-CoV-2 of infants' specimens may be caused by the disruption of the amniotic barrier by the inflammatory factors induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our review is beneficial to understand the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on maternal and infant outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00511 doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00511 id: cord-354009-1ek4s8oe author: Wang, Yun title: Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States date: 2020-07-08 words: 3143.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354009-1ek4s8oe.txt summary: We characterized the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic through detecting weekly hotspots of newly confirmed cases using Spatial and Space-Time Scan Statistics and quantifying the trends of incidence of COVID-19 by county characteristics using the Joinpoint analysis. The results would enhance our understanding of small area-based spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak, thus help inform multilevel strategies to control the spread of coronavirus and appropriate allocations of public health and healthcare resources in the United States. To identify the characteristics of counties with a high burden of COVID-19, we examined county-level geographic and sociodemographic factors, including rural-urban context, distance to the nearest core airport, population density, percentage of non-white minority population, percentage of population 65 years or older, and percentage of population below the federal poverty line. abstract: BACKGROUND: A range of near-real-time online/mobile mapping dashboards and applications have been used to track the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. It remains unknown about small area-based spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 in the United States. METHODS: We obtained county-based counts of COVID-19 cases confirmed in the United States from January 22 to May 13, 2020 (N=1,386,050). We characterized the dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic through detecting weekly hotspots of newly confirmed cases using Spatial and Space-Time Scan Statistics and quantifying the trends of incidence of COVID-19 by county characteristics using the Joinpoint analysis. RESULTS: Along with the national plateau reached in early April, COVID-19 incidence significantly decreased in the Northeast (estimated weekly percentage changes [EWPC]: -16.6%), but remained increasing in the Midwest, South and West Regions (EWPCs: 13.2%, 5.6%, and 5.7%, respectively). Higher risks of clustering and incidence of COVID-19 were consistently observed in metropolitan vs rural counties, counties closest to core airports, most populous counties, and counties with highest proportion of racial/ethnic minority counties. However, geographic differences in the incidence have shrunk since early April, driven by a significant decrease in the incidence in these counties (EWPC range: -2.0% – -4.2%) and a consistent increase in other areas (EWPC range: 1.5% – 20.3%). CONCLUSIONS: To substantially decrease the nationwide incidence of COVID-19, strict social distancing measures should be continuously implemented, especially in geographic areas with increasing risks, including rural areas. Spatiotemporal characteristics and trends of COVID-19 should be considered in decision-making on the timeline of re-opening for states and localities. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa934 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa934 id: cord-312278-rin733w4 author: Wang, Yung‐Chih title: Current diagnostic tools for coronaviruses–From laboratory diagnosis to POC diagnosis for COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-13 words: 2250.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312278-rin733w4.txt summary: 22 For detecting the presence of novel infectious diseases, the gold standard method has been the use of qRT-PCR for the detection of 29 Saliva has also been approved as a noninvasive specimen for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Another well-known test is the Vivalytic COVID-19 test (Bosch, Germany), which delivers results in less than 2.5 hr using multiplex PCR and μArray-detection to identify SARS-CoV-2. All of these tests employ PCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and can provide results within 72 hr. Second, all of these at-home kits are designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA during early-stage infection, but they are not used to determine the presence of antibodies. Detection of SARS coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome by conventional and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using fieldeffect transistor-based biosensor Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis abstract: The Coronavirus‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has put tremendous strain on healthcare systems worldwide. It is challenging for clinicians to differentiate COVID‐19 from other acute respiratory tract infections via clinical symptoms because those who are infected display a wide range of symptoms. An effective, point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic tool could mitigate healthcare system strain, protect healthcare professionals, and support quarantine efforts. We believe that a POC tool can be developed that would be rapid, easy to use, and inexpensive. It could be used in the home, in resource‐limited areas, and even in clinical settings. In this article, we summarize the current state of POC tools and propose an all‐in‐one, highly sensitive POC assay that integrates antibody detection, protein detection, and serum cytokine detection to diagnose COVID‐19 infection. We believe this article will provide insight into the current state of POC diagnostics for COVID‐19, and promote additional research and tool development that could be exceptionally impactful. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.10177 doi: 10.1002/btm2.10177 id: cord-293535-9bj5ev1a author: Wang, Yushu title: The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-23 words: 555.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293535-9bj5ev1a.txt summary: title: The influence of corticosteroid on patients with COVID-19 infection: A meta-analysis Therefore, we aim to perform this meta-analysis to identify the roles of corticosteroids in patients with or without severe COVID-19. An electronic search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), using the keywords "steroid" or "corticosteroid" or "cortisol" or "prednisolone" or "prednisone" or "glucocorticoid" or "hydrocortisone" or "dexamethasone" or "methylprednisolone" AND "novel coronavirus" or "2019-nCoV" or "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" between 2019 and present time (i.e., up to May 7th, 2020) and without language restrictions. A total of 466 studies were originally identified based on our search criteria, 411 of which were excluded after title, abstract or full text reading since they were review articles, editorial materials or letters, and did not report the use of corticosteroid in patients with or without severe COVID-19. Correction to: Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675720305283?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.040 id: cord-262909-pixroj1k author: Wang, Zhao title: High Fluorescent Lymphocytes Are Increased in COVID‐19 Patients date: 2020-05-20 words: 1376.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262909-pixroj1k.txt summary: One study found that B cells were decreased substantially in severe COVID-19 patients (Zheng et al., 2020b) , while another study suggested the level was not changed . To our knowledge, this was the first study to count and compare the numbers of high fluorescent lymphocytes in different severity of COVID-19 This study may provide insight into understanding the interaction of B cells with SARS-CoV-2 and a clue to monitoring disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in mild and severe COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (1400 x 10 6 /L and 820 x 10 6 /L vs 2100 x 10 6 /L, P < 0.0001). HFL counts were significantly higher in mild and severe COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls (11.8 x 10 6 /L and 20.4 x 10 6 /L vs 0.0 x 10 6 /L, P < 0.0001). Study found that the levels of antibodies specific to SARS-Cov-2 were higher in severe patients . abstract: Since the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 in December 2019, the etiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread to most of the world within months. The understanding of pathomechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 is extremely limited. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32433784/ doi: 10.1111/bjh.16867 id: cord-343566-epvswt7f author: Wang, Zhao-Hua title: Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Designated ICU: Clinical Features and Predictors for Mortality date: 2020-07-20 words: 3291.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343566-epvswt7f.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Critically ill COVID-19 patients aged higher than 70, arrhythmia, or a SOFA score above 4 have a high risk of mortality, and need prior medical intervention. In the present study, we present details of 59 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Caidian Branch of Tongji Hospital, and then identified prognostic factors for mortality of these critically ill patients. 3, 4 According to the WHO interim guidance and Diagnostic and Treatment Program of COVID-19 (Version 7.0) published by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, all patients were diagnosed with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection who required mechanical ventilation, had inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO₂) ≥60%, or had the shock or organ failure. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic outbreak with a high mortality. Prognostic factors of critically ill patients with COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated yet. METHODS: In the present study, 59 patients with COVID-19 from the intensive care unit of the Caidian Branch of Tongji Hospital were enrolled. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment data, and clinical outcomes were collected. Prognostic factors were statistically defined. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients studied (67.4±11.3 years), 38 patients were male, 51 had underlying diseases, and 41 patients died during admission. Compared with the survivors, the deceased patients were of older age, had more smoking history, severer fatigue, and diarrhea, a higher incidence of multiple organ injuries, more deteriorative lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia, remarkably impaired cellular immune response, and strengthened cytokine release. Age higher than 70 (OR=2.76, 95% CI=1.45–5.23), arrhythmia (OR=4.76, 95% CI=1.59–14.25), and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score above 4 (OR=5.16, 95% CI=1.29–20.55) were identified as risk factors for mortality of patients. CONCLUSION: Critically ill COVID-19 patients aged higher than 70, arrhythmia, or a SOFA score above 4 have a high risk of mortality, and need prior medical intervention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32765138/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s263095 id: cord-273050-reez33md author: Wang, Zhenling title: Type I IFN deficiency: an immunological characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-14 words: 1337.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273050-reez33md.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273050-reez33md.txt summary: reported that type I interferon (IFN) deficiency, could be a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared with patients that had mild-to-moderate infection, the ISG score (based on the mean expression value of six ISGs defining a type I IFN signature) was significantly reduced in critical patients. By correlated analysis of viral loading with IFN-α production either on protein or on gene level, the authors suggest that the most severe cases of COVID-19 are featured by impaired IFN-α production. To further explore the transcription factors that may cause the excessive inflammatory response of COVID-19, the authors observed that upregulated genes in severe or critical patients mainly belonged to the NF-κB pathway by a kinetic analysis. Impaired type I IFN response featured immunological characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients, accompanied by lymphocytopenia, hypercytokinaemia, and high blood viral load. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00306-4 doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00306-4 id: cord-263669-d4r4t6ls author: Wang, Zhichao title: Our Experiences with Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic date: 2020-05-13 words: 2474.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263669-d4r4t6ls.txt summary: Possible transmission routes, including respiratory droplets, close contact, and aerosol propagation, have put plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals at high risk, especially during surgical procedures. Second, a triage workflow was established to identify high-/low-risk patients, with clinical manifestations (fever, fatigue, cough, nasal discharge, etc), epidemiologic survey, blood test, chest computed tomographic scan, and coronavirus test if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience could help global plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals to get better preparation and continue to give qualified medical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Not to mention, emergency injury and trauma cases are the inescapable responsibilities for healthcare professionals in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) department. The aim is to summarize and share Shanghai Ninth People''s Hospital PRS department''s experience of infection control measures and corresponding outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, http://links.lww. All patients who received treatments in PRS department would be followed 14 days after the visit or discharge from hospital to detect potential infection or coronavirus carrier. abstract: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a health threat worldwide and has been declared global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Possible transmission routes, including respiratory droplets, close contact, and aerosol propagation, have put plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals at high risk, especially during surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to summarize and share our experience of infection control measures and corresponding outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Infection control measures, including workflow optimization, useful epidemiologic survey methods, and personal full protective clothing, were discussed. Characteristics and outcomes of emergency cases and elective cases under local and general anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic were summarized. RESULTS: A hierarchy of interventions were applied mainly from 4 aspects. First, administration control and online consultation significantly decreased patient attendance. Second, a triage workflow was established to identify high-/low-risk patients, with clinical manifestations (fever, fatigue, cough, nasal discharge, etc), epidemiologic survey, blood test, chest computed tomographic scan, and coronavirus test if necessary. Third, strict environmental control was adopted using increasing ventilation, isolated room for inpatients, etc. Fourth, proper rotation of healthcare staff was ensured to reduce workload and minimize possible contact. A total of 904 emergency interventions, 2561 local anesthesia, and 570 general anesthesia were performed during this period, and none of the cases/healthcare professionals were found to be infected. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience could help global plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals to get better preparation and continue to give qualified medical services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper adjustments should be taken according to their own clinical settings. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000002868 doi: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002868 id: cord-253990-m75xwrz9 author: Wang, Zhiguo title: Covid‐19: From structure to therapeutic targeting in studying approved drugs and local DNA vaccination date: 2020-10-29 words: 1125.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253990-m75xwrz9.txt summary: The current lack of specific and effective therapies for the COVID-19, and the continuous spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 across many parts of the world, represent one of the major challenges in controlling the disease severity, keeping to pose a huge threat to the global health. The current lack of specific and effective therapies for the COVID-19, and the continuous spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 across many parts of the world, represents one of the major challenges in controlling the disease severity and consequences, posing a huge threat to the global health. In this article, we highlight several previously approved drugs for potential effect on combating SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, and modulating pulmonary inflammation and immune response. Despite unprecedented efforts to contain the virus spread and prevent infection, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis can still rapidly strike to incapacitate the lung causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), resulting in severe disease aftermath and sometimes death. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented threat to global public health. The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infections in a global scale has affected more than 30.6 million people suffering the COVID-19, resulting in more than 955,000 deaths globally as of the 20 September 2020. The current lack of specific and effective therapies for the COVID-19, and the continuous spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 across many parts of the world, represent one of the major challenges in controlling the disease severity, keeping to pose a huge threat to the global health. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13409 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13409 id: cord-272553-bcmta2he author: Wang, Zhiqiang title: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 words: 1664.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272553-bcmta2he.txt summary: METHODS: A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D‐dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and report the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of pregnant women with COVID-19 to strengthen the knowledge base. 6 The treatment strategy in the present study folThe clinical characteristics of pregnant patients extracted from medical records were gestational age; time interval between symptom onset and admission; time interval between hospitalization and delivery; delivery mode; length of hospital stay; initial symptoms (fever, cough, abdominal pain, blood-tinged mucus, ruptured membranes at term, chest tightness, asthma, fatigue, poor appetite, headache, nausea, and vomiting); and maternal comorbidities (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and obesity). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). METHODS: A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 72 women (30 pregnant and 42 nonpregnant) with COVID‐19 were included. No patients developed severe pneumonia during the study. Compared with the nonpregnant group, pregnant patients were admitted to hospital earlier (0.25 vs 11.00 days; P<0.001), presented milder symptoms, had a higher rate of asymptomatic infection (26.7% vs 0%), and shorter length of hospital stay (14.5 vs 17.0 days; P<0.01). Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D‐dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. CONCLUSION: In some respects, the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of COVID‐19 in pregnant patients seems to be distinctive from their nonpregnant counterparts. Appropriate advice and positive treatment might be critical to the prognosis when dealing with these pregnant patients. Pregnant patients with COVID‐19 had their own positive clinical characteristics and special laboratory test results. Responsive medical advice and active treatment for those patients are critical to recovery. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13265 doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13265 id: cord-336432-tu00gffr author: Wang, Zhiyu title: Small molecule therapeutics for COVID-19: repurposing of inhaled furosemide date: 2020-07-07 words: 6582.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336432-tu00gffr.txt summary: In this study, a library of small molecules endogenous to the human body was assembled, subjected to in silico molecular docking simulations and a focused in vitro screen to identify anti-pro-inflammatory activity via interleukin inhibition. To pre-clinically evaluate furosemide as a putative COVID-19 therapeutic, we studied its anti-inflammatory activity on RAW264.7, THP-1 and SIM-A9 cell lines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, we set out to identify a small molecule with the following properties: broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory mechanism of action targeting cytokines of innate immunity; low toxicity and excellent safety profile; chemically stable; easily stored and administered; able to be rapidly adopted in clinical settings worldwide; and, widespread availability with inexpensive and efficient means of production. A library of 1,136 small molecules endogenous to the human body was assembled, subjected to in silico molecular docking simulations and a focused in vitro screen to identify anti-pro-inflammatory activity via interleukin inhibition. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health concern. The morbidity and mortality of the potentially lethal infection caused by this virus arise from the initial viral infection and the subsequent host inflammatory response. The latter may lead to excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, as well as TNF-α ultimately culminating in hypercytokinemia (“cytokine storm”). To address this immuno-inflammatory pathogenesis, multiple clinical trials have been proposed to evaluate anti-inflammatory biologic therapies targeting specific cytokines. However, despite the obvious clinical utility of such biologics, their specific applicability to COVID-19 has multiple drawbacks, including they target only one of the multiple cytokines involved in COVID-19’s immunopathy. Therefore, we set out to identify a small molecule with broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory mechanism of action targeting multiple cytokines of innate immunity. In this study, a library of small molecules endogenous to the human body was assembled, subjected to in silico molecular docking simulations and a focused in vitro screen to identify anti-pro-inflammatory activity via interleukin inhibition. This has enabled us to identify the loop diuretic furosemide as a candidate molecule. To pre-clinically evaluate furosemide as a putative COVID-19 therapeutic, we studied its anti-inflammatory activity on RAW264.7, THP-1 and SIM-A9 cell lines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Upon treatment with furosemide, LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced, indicating that furosemide suppresses the M1 polarization, including IL-6 and TNF-α release. In addition, we found that furosemide promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine products (IL-1RA, arginase), indicating M2 polarization. Accordingly, we conclude that furosemide is a reasonably potent inhibitor of IL-6 and TNF-α that is also safe, inexpensive and well-studied. Our pre-clinical data suggest that it may be a candidate for repurposing as an inhaled therapy against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32704455/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.9533 id: cord-259073-dixskemz author: Ward, Christine F. title: Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly date: 2020-05-15 words: 2126.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259073-dixskemz.txt summary: The elderly are the most vulnerable to significant adverse complications from COVID 19 and AMS should be considered as a possible sign of infection to initiate treatment early in the course of the disease, perhaps before respiratory symptoms are apparent. In this report, we present four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who initially presented with altered mental status without fever or cough or respiratory distress. Each of the four patients developed AMS without fever or respiratory symptoms and were transferred to the local emergency department and were tested for the COVID-19 virus as part of their medical work up. Recognizing the COVID-19 infection early is especially important in the frail elderly, particularly for individuals in communal living facilities where isolating these patients can help limit the spread of the virus, There is evidence from previous viral epidemics of associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. abstract: The coronavirus disease of 2019 or COVID-19 was first identified in Hubei Province in China in November of 2019 and quickly spread to become a global pandemic. The virus, SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2-SARS-CoV-2), is particularly virulent in the elderly who can develop symptoms and become mortally ill within days of contracting the virus. The virus is easily transmitted by droplets (e.g., sneezing, coughing) and communal living settings such as personal care homes can be vulnerable to the spread of the virus. Identifying patients early in the disease process is important to providing appropriate medical interventions. To date, most of the medical literature, including Center for Disease Control guidelines, has relied on three necessary symptoms in making the diagnosis of COVID-19: fever, cough and shortness of breath. We present four cases of elderly patients who developed altered mental status as their presenting symptom without associated fever or respiratory symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32425470/ doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.013 id: cord-327650-6afsk8ix author: Ward, Jeremy K. title: The French public''s attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue date: 2020-10-06 words: 4345.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327650-6afsk8ix.txt summary: However, other differences were observed as people with an educational level under the High School degree, those with a low or intermediate level of household income per consumption unit (HICU), and those feeling close to a Far-Right party, were more numerous to be certain they would refuse the vaccine. Also, people who did not feel close to any party and did not vote at the last presidential campaign were more likely to refuse the coronavirus vaccine following one main reason: they thought that a vaccine produced in a rush is too dangerous. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the effect of politicization on attitudes to vaccines in France, one of the most vaccine-hesitant countries in the world ( politicization in vaccine hesitancy has mostly been studied in the United States of America where political polarization has increasingly become an object of concern in the past 10 years. abstract: As Covid-19 spreads across the world, governments turn a hopeful eye towards research and development of a vaccine against this new disease. But it is one thing to make a vaccine available, and it is quite another to convince the public to take the shot, as the precedent of the 2009 H1N1 influenza illustrated. In this paper, we present the results of four online surveys conducted in April 2020 in representative samples of the French population 18 years of age and over (N = 5018). These surveys were conducted during a period when the French population was on lockdown and the daily number of deaths attributed to the virus reached its peak. We found that if a vaccine against the new coronavirus became available, almost a quarter of respondents would not use it. We also found that attitudes to this vaccine were correlated significantly with political partisanship and engagement with the political system. Attitudes towards this future vaccine did not follow the traditional mapping of political attitudes along a Left-Right axis. The rift seems to be between people who feel close to governing parties (Centre, Left and Right) on the one hand, and, on the other, people who feel close to Far-Left and Far-Right parties as well as people who do not feel close to any party. We draw on the French sociological literature on ordinary attitudes to politics to discuss our results as well as the cultural pathways via which political beliefs can affect perceptions of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33038683/ doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113414 id: cord-316617-8cqxz3wi author: Ward, Michael P. title: SARS‐CoV‐2, where to now? date: 2020-06-19 words: 1239.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316617-8cqxz3wi.txt summary: (2020) present the results of a SARS-CoV-2 serological survey in 35 animal species in China, including the dog of a COVID-19 patient and an additional two in-contact dogs. Tests available for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 are comprehensively described in this issue of Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (Li & Ren, 2020) . In addition to the publication of new knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 in this issue of Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, new ideas are also presented. A key enabler of such a shift in our thinking and approach to disease emergence and spread is a One Health workforce capable of undertaking integrated monitoring, surveillance, risk assessment and response activities. The COVID-19 pandemic could be a catalyst for such a seismic shift in how we approach emerging infectious diseases and One Health. We can be sure, even when the current COVID-19 pandemic is resolved, that the need for surveillance, response and prevention of transboundary and emerging diseases will remain. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562349/ doi: 10.1111/tbed.13654 id: cord-351584-380s4j70 author: Ward, Michael P. title: The role of climate during the COVID‐19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia date: 2020-06-01 words: 2248.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351584-380s4j70.txt summary: Using COVID‐19 notification and postcode data from New South Wales, Australia during the exponential phase of the epidemic in 2020, we used time series analysis to investigate the relationship between 749 cases of locally acquired COVID‐19 and daily rainfall, 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. temperature, and 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. relative humidity. Each remaining variable was included in a univariate generalized additive model (GAM) with daily F I G U R E 1 Time series (a) of 749 notified cases of COVID-19 in New South Wales, Australia (counts) in which infection was determined to be locally acquired and for which postcode of residence was reported, during the period 12 February (day 43) to 31 March (day 91); and median rainfall and 9 a.m. abstract: Previous research has identified a relationship between climate and occurrence of SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV cases, information that can be used to reduce the risk of infection. Using COVID‐19 notification and postcode data from New South Wales, Australia during the exponential phase of the epidemic in 2020, we used time series analysis to investigate the relationship between 749 cases of locally acquired COVID‐19 and daily rainfall, 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. temperature, and 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. relative humidity. Lower 9 a.m. relative humidity (but not rainfall or temperature) was associated with increased case occurrence; a reduction in relative humidity of 1% was predicted to be associated with an increase of COVID‐19 cases by 6.11%. During periods of low relative humidity, the public health system should anticipate an increased number of COVID‐19 cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32438520/ doi: 10.1111/tbed.13631 id: cord-333326-n9ifhw5s author: Wardell, Hanna title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates date: 2020-07-09 words: 2919.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333326-n9ifhw5s.txt summary: Most severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in pediatric patients are mild or asymptomatic. We report a case series of 4 full-term neonates hospitalized with fever and found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection with a spectrum of illness severities. Herein we present a case series of 4 full-term neonates who were hospitalized with fever and found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. Due to the concern for end-organ involvement with possibly evolving acute myocardial injury as well as a supplemental oxygen requirement, the patient was initiated on therapy with remdesivir on inpatient day 4 via an expanded-access program from the manufacturer after approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and local institutional review board, with informed consent. In this report, we present 4 febrile neonates hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection with favorable outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress abstract: Most severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in pediatric patients are mild or asymptomatic. However, infants have emerged at higher risk of hospitalization and severe outcomes in pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report a case series of 4 full-term neonates hospitalized with fever and found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection with a spectrum of illness severities. Two neonates required admission to the intensive care unit for respiratory insufficiency and end organ involvement. Half of the patients were found to have a coinfection. One neonate received antiviral therapy with remdesivir and is, to our knowledge, the youngest patient to receive this drug for COVID-19. All neonates had favorable outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa084 doi: 10.1093/jpids/piaa084 id: cord-331477-2x9szmjc author: Warnakulasuriya, Saman title: Protecting dental manpower from COVID‐19 infection date: 2020-06-01 words: 1876.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331477-2x9szmjc.txt summary: Oral health professionals are at risk of developing COVID 19 infection as they come into close contact with patients and accompanying relatives who may be carrying the virus. Knowledge of these symptoms would help the dental surgery staff to triage patients when it comes to spotting COVID-19-infected persons. When booking emergency dental appointments, having a checklist of COVID-19 symptoms at the reception may help to inform the dentist about symptomatic patients, to postpone non-urgent therapies and to direct such patients to hospital centres equipped for handling infected subjects and their relatives, living together. For undertaking any direct patient care, dentists and dental surgery assistants and other oral health professionals are advised to wear, disposable gloves, aprons, eye protection and face shields where there is a risk of saliva, blood, other body fluids, secretions or excretions splashing into the face and eyes. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine abstract: World Health Organization declared on 11 March, COVID 19 as a pandemic infection that has spread rapidly across the globe. Covid-19 currently has no known treatment or a vaccine. Oral health professionals are at risk of developing COVID 19 infection as they come into close contact with patients and accompanying relatives who may be carrying the virus. Since January 2020, and by the end of April this year, more than 150 medical doctors in Italy and over 100 National Health Service workers in the UK have died in the COVID-19 crisis. While the transmission of COVID 19 via human ex-haled droplets and direct contact is clear, the potential for aerosol transmission is a significant risk particularly for dental practices. The objective of this brief review is to highlight ways how dental manpower could protect from the spread of disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13410 doi: 10.1111/odi.13410 id: cord-342108-5xd68rie author: Warne, D. J. title: Hindsight is 2020 vision: Characterisation of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-05 words: 6830.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342108-5xd68rie.txt summary: Here, we consider a stochastic epidemiological model in which the true infected population is unobservable and a regulatory mechanism on the virus transmission process is included to capture the community response to a COVID-19 outbreak. Approximate Bayesian computation (Materials and Methods) [12] is applied to adaptively sample the approximate posterior distributions for all eight model parameters and posterior predictive distributions for the number of active confirmed cases, recoveries and deaths over time. Fig. 2 shows the distribution of these point estimates across all countries, and highlights countries having the highest cumulative confirmed cases to date (31 March 2020) without a decline in active cases: the United States (USA), Spain (ESP), Italy (ITA), Germany (DEU), France (FRA), United Kingdom (GBR), Iran (IRN), and Switzerland (CHE). This indicates a high tolerance response in which the transmission rate did not decline significantly until cases increased to larger numbers (See Fig. 6 in Materials and Meth-5 All rights reserved. abstract: Since the initial outbreak in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread to cause one of the most pressing challenges facing our world today: the COVID-19 pandemic. Within four months of the first reported cases, more than two and a half million cases were confirmed with over two hundred thousand deaths globally, and many countries had taken extreme measures to stop the spread. In this work, we analyse the response to the COVID-19 outbreak for 103 countries over the period 22 January to 13 April 2020. We utilise a novel stochastic epidemiological model that includes a regulatory mechanism that captures the level of tolerance to rising confirmed cases within the response behaviour. Using approximate Bayesian computation, we identify that the top ten outbreaks as of 31 March are characterised by a high tolerance to rising cases tallies, whereas countries that avoided severe outbreak have a low tolerance. Countries that recovered rapidly also have a higher identification rate. As of 13 April, almost all countries show declines in transmission rates and basic reproductive numbers. Furthermore, countries approaching recovery also increased their identification rate between 31 March and 13 April. We also demonstrate that uncertainty in undocumented infections dramatically impacts uncertainty in predictions. Overall, we recommend that broader testing is required to understand the magnitude of undocumented infections. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20085662 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20085662 id: cord-349678-79zlgjqi author: Warrior, Krishnan title: Acute Limb Ischemia Due to Arterial Thrombosis Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-06-11 words: 2531.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349678-79zlgjqi.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of acute limb ischemia caused by arterial thrombosis due to coronavirus disease 2019. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We report a case of peripheral arterial thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019, resulting in acute limb ischemia of the right lower extremity. C oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus (1). Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in critically ill COVID-19 patients, there have been only a few reports of arterial thromboembolism (4, 5) . Here, we report a case of peripheral arterial thrombosis and acute limb ischemia (ALI) associated with COVID-19. Gelatinous-appearing thrombi have been noted in other patients with COVID-associated arterial thrombosis (12) . We thereby report a case of arterial thrombosis and ALI due to a hypercoagulable state caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe a case of acute limb ischemia caused by arterial thrombosis due to coronavirus disease 2019. DESIGN: Clinical observation of a patient. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT: A 59-year-old female with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and prior smoking. INTERVENTION: Clinical observation and data extraction from electronic medical records. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We report a case of peripheral arterial thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019, resulting in acute limb ischemia of the right lower extremity. This event was heralded by a sudden and significant elevation in d-dimer levels. At the time of surgery, a long, gelatinous clot was retrieved from the right popliteal artery. Perioperatively, she continued to have absent pedal Doppler signals and after multiple embolectomy attempts, required distal arterial cut down with removal of additional thrombi and resultant improvement of distal arterial flow. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the importance of regularly checking d-dimer levels and vigilant monitoring for arterial thrombotic events, as they can rapidly become catastrophic. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cce.0000000000000140 doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000140 id: cord-330461-4bncbqsb author: Warth, Lucian C. title: How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond date: 2020-04-28 words: 2969.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330461-4bncbqsb.txt summary: The significant financial resources AAHKS Industry Partners have historically committed to 38 support national and regional orthopaedic meetings, surgeon education, clinical research, 39 surgical/vendor OR support, and technological innovation have required re-distribution to varying 40 degrees to maintain fiscal solvency. Orthopaedic practice models of AAHKS members differ 47 significantly and will be affected to varying extents moving forward; the ability to increase production 48 during the 2 nd half of the fiscal year for the private practice, academic, and hospital employed surgeon 49 must be considered both separately and as a collective; needs in terms of optimal industry support will 50 be heterogeneous. The survey and interview 105 responses provided by AAHKS Industry Partners varied considerably, however strong common themes 106 of continued commitment to education, as well as the expectation for elevated levels of vendor/surgical 107 support in the 2 nd half of 2020 emerged. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching societal and financial consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how COVID-19 has affected AAHKS industry partners and the surgeon-industry relationship, emphasizing education, resource allocation, and strategic direction for the 2nd half of 2020. METHODS: AAHKS industry partners were contacted to participate in a blinded survey and optional interview with the AAHKS Industry Relations Committee. Based on the results, a group of AAHKS member surgeons with disparate practice types were asked to postulate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has and will affect their practice and relationship with Industry. RESULTS: AAHKS industry partner responses indicated decreased resource allocation for regional, “other national,” and AAHKS annual meetings (67%, 55%, and 30%, respectively). Web-based educational content was expected to increase in 2020 and will likely remain a point of emphasis in 2021 (100% and 70% of responders). For Q3/Q4 2020, a significant emphasis was placed on site of service/outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures (70% and 90% of responders), as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants (40% and 60%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the orthopedic landscape for the foreseeable future. Survey responses by AAHKS industry partners demonstrate a continued commitment to surgeon education with and increasing shift to a web-based platform. Increased resource allocation for outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures were significant. Articulating optimal mechanisms to aid industry in supporting surgeons with different practice models to meet demand during the second half of fiscal year 2020 will be critical. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32386882/ doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.063 id: cord-268814-pk3gpumm author: Wasser, Lauren M. title: Response of ophthalmologists in Israel to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak date: 2020-04-28 words: 2336.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268814-pk3gpumm.txt summary: CONCLUSION: During the critical early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, this study emphasizes the delay in development of emergency guidelines, necessary to protect patients and ophthalmologists from this highly transmissible disease. Eighty-eight ophthalmologists (52.7%), most of whom practice in hospitals (61.2%), stated that no active measures were taken to decrease the number of patients seen in clinics since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak until March 20th when the survey When private practitioners were excluded, this portion of participants decreased but was still evident (n = 60, 41.7%, P < 0.001). In this surveybased study, we obtained the opinions of Israeli ophthalmologists regarding the risk of ophthalmologic practice during the local early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. At the time of the survey, 3 weeks after the first reported case of COVID-19 in Israel, most ophthalmologists reported starting to utilize PPE during routine clinic visits. abstract: PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved into a formidable healthcare crisis. Ophthalmologists are at daily personal risk of acquiring and transmitting the virus. Implementation of official practical and protective guidelines can be challenging and is often absent. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of ophthalmology practice in Israel, at the early stages of the outbreak. METHODS: A 17-item questionnaire was distributed to ophthalmologists practicing in Israel. Data was obtained regarding demographics and clinical and surgical practice during the pandemic. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-seven ophthalmologists completed the survey from all regions of Israel. The survey was distributed during the early stages of the outbreak. At this time, no official government guidelines were in place. Most respondents reported no reduction of elective clinic visits and surgeries and no utilization of triage questionnaires. COVID-19 guidelines were reportedly promulgated to hospital ophthalmologists but not to community and private physicians. Personal protective equipment (PPE) measures were reportedly utilized; however, many respondents often acquired them individually. A majority of respondents advocated that healthcare institutions limit clinic and surgery services to emergency services. CONCLUSION: During the critical early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, this study emphasizes the delay in development of emergency guidelines, necessary to protect patients and ophthalmologists from this highly transmissible disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04694-9 doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04694-9 id: cord-315440-he7sm7nj author: Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse title: Incubation period of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-11 words: 3756.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315440-he7sm7nj.txt summary: Since there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine available yet, it is increasingly important to understand the average incubation period of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to design appropriate preventive and control strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate the pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2. We included peer-reviewed research studies written in the English language on the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. With regard to studies published in peer-reviewed journals or found in grey literature, all observational study designs (i.e. cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort), studies involving humans, and studies reporting the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies with no accessible full text after using all the PRISMA-P search strategies and studies not reporting a specific incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from this systematic review and meta-analysis. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has currently become a major global public health problem. The prevalence of COVID-19 has increased rapidly worldwide. Since there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine available yet, it is increasingly important to understand the average incubation period of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to design appropriate preventive and control strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to estimate the pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic web-based search of online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization's HINARI portal. We included peer-reviewed research studies written in the English language on the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. STATA version 15 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal quality assessment tool for observational studies was utilized to evaluate the included studies. We extracted relevant data and presented in a tabular form. The I(2) test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a random-effects model. Results: Our search identified 206 studies, amongst which 18 studies, representing 22,595 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 5.7 days (95% CI: 5.1, 6.4). Subgroup analyses by geographic location showed that the pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was 6.1 days (95% CI: 5.34, 6.94) in China and 4.54 (95% CI: 3.9, 5.2) in other countries (Singapore, South Korea, and globally). Conclusion: The pooled average incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 was about six days. The longest incubation period was observed in China. The global health initiatives as well as local health planners should consider, this average incubation period while designing optimal prevention and control strategies for SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0011393X20300333 doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2020.100607 id: cord-298846-qb0frju1 author: Waszkiewicz, Napoleon title: Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-14 words: 719.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298846-qb0frju1.txt summary: title: Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID‐19 In their article Wu and colleagues, similarly to other authors, present the effects of stress on medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic as an unprecedented challenge for all communities. Their observation is within current literature trends, which identify 7 population subgroups affected by the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19: general population affected by restrictive measures, people subjected to quarantine, positive for the virus (isolated/hospitalized), health care personnel, relatives of persons who died, and mentally ill patients. Possible special needs for mental online support in female and male health care workers during the COVID-19 8 Other explanations may include stress-related undesirable health behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle or substance abuse/dependence, which might affect the prognosis of mental and somatic diseases. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China COVID-19: protecting health-care workers abstract: In their article Wu and colleagues, similarly to other authors, present the effects of stress on medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic as an unprecedented challenge for all communities. Their observation is within current literature trends, which identify 7 population subgroups affected by the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19: general population affected by restrictive measures, people subjected to quarantine, positive for the virus (isolated/hospitalized), health care personnel, relatives of persons who died, and mentally ill patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32639619/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26273 id: cord-282964-dmc8mlxu author: Wathore, Roshan title: Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-04 words: 3366.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282964-dmc8mlxu.txt summary: This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through airand water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Finally, this study outlines probable air and water borne routes and suggest a way forward highlighting the need for investigating the effect of particulate matter characteristics on survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the prominent presence of PM in ambient, spaces, and on the surfaces. abstract: Abstract The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented disease burden, healthcare costs, and economic impacts worldwide. Despite several measures, SARS-CoV-2 has been extremely impactful due to its extraordinary infection potential mainly through coronavirus-borne saliva respiratory and droplet nuclei of an infected person and its considerable stability on surfaces. Although the disease has affected over 180 countries, its extent and control are significantly different across the globe, making it a strong case for exploration of its behavior and dependence across various environmental pathways and its interactions with the virus. This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through air- and water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Particulate matter (PM) is omnipresent with variable concentrations, structures and composition, while most of the surfaces are also covered by PM of different characteristics. Learning from the earlier coronavirus studies, including SARS and MERS, an attempt has been made to understand the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside of the host body and discuss the probable air and water-borne transmission routes and its interactions with the outside environment. The present work 1) Helps appreciate the role of PM, its chemical constituents and surface characteristics and 2) Further identifies gaps in this field and suggests possible domains to work upon for better understanding of transmission and survival of this novel coronavirus. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720350154 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141486 id: cord-257374-8js7f9a3 author: Watson, A. title: COVID-19 in Youth Soccer date: 2020-09-27 words: 3731.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257374-8js7f9a3.txt summary: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the case and incidence rates of COVID-19 among youth soccer players and evaluate the relationship with background COVID-19 risk and phase of return to play. Methods: Surveys were distributed to soccer clubs throughout the country regarding their phase of return to soccer (individual only, group non-contact, group contact) and date of reinitiation, number of players, cases of COVID-19, and risk reduction procedures that were being implemented. Finally, to evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 cases and phase of play while adjusting for the local disease burden, a negative binomial regression model was developed to predict the number of club cases, including the incidence rate within each county in the prior 10 weeks, the phase of current soccer play for each club (contact, non-contact) and the log of player-days as an offset in the model. abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the case and incidence rates of COVID-19 among youth soccer players and evaluate the relationship with background COVID-19 risk and phase of return to play. Methods: Surveys were distributed to soccer clubs throughout the country regarding their phase of return to soccer (individual only, group non-contact, group contact) and date of reinitiation, number of players, cases of COVID-19, and risk reduction procedures that were being implemented. Overall case and incidence rates were compared to national pediatric data and county data from the prior 10 weeks where available. Finally, a negative binomial regression model was developed to predict club COVID-19 cases with local incidence rate and phase of return as covariates and the log of club player-days as an offset. Results: 129 clubs responded, of whom 124 had reinitiated soccer, representing 91,007 players with a median duration of 73 days (IQR: 53-83 days) since restarting. Of the 119 that had progressed to group activities, 218 cases of COVID-19 were reported among 85,861 players. Youth soccer players had a lower case rate and incidence rate than the national rate for children in the US (254 v. 477 cases per 100,000; IRR = 0.511, 95% CI = [0.40-0.57], p<0.001) and the general population from the counties in which soccer clubs were based where data was available (268 v. 864 cases per 100,000; IRR = 0.202 [0.19-0.21], p<0.001). After adjusting for local COVID-19 incidence, there was no relationship between club COVID-19 incidence and phase of return (non-contact: {beta}=0.35{+/-}0.67, p=0.61; contact: {beta}=0.18{+/-}0.67, p=0.79). No cases were reported to have resulted in hospitalization or death. 100% of clubs reported having a plan in place to reduce the risk of COVID-19 and utilizing multiple different risk reduction procedures (median 8, IQR 6-10). Conclusions: The incidence of COVID-19 among youth soccer athletes is relatively low when compared to the background incidence among children in the United States and the local general population. No relationship was identified between club COVID-19 incidence and phase of return to soccer. Youth soccer clubs universally report implementing a number of risk reduction procedures. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.25.20201616v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201616 id: cord-300551-o1da3zds author: Watson, James A title: Concentration-dependent mortality of chloroquine in overdose date: 2020-07-08 words: 9915.0 sentences: 497.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300551-o1da3zds.txt summary: Using the blood concentration measurements taken from self-poisoning patients managed by experienced intensivists in the French National referral centre allowed development of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to estimate the relationship between chloroquine dosing and a fatal outcome. Predicting mortality in self-poisoning from peak chloroquine concentrations We pooled individual patient whole blood chloroquine + desethylchloroquine concentrations and outcomes from three large prospectively studied hospital self-poisoning cohorts (n = 302, Figure 2 , top panel) (Riou et al., 1988; Clemessy et al., 1995; Clemessy et al., 1996; Mégarbane et al., 2010) . Large single doses (as in self-poisoning) are very dangerous because they result in high blood concentrations as the drugs distribute out from a central ''compartment'' that is hundreds of times smaller than the total apparent V d (compartmental modeling of chloroquine pharmacokinetics provides only an approximation of the distribution processes). abstract: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are used extensively in malaria and rheumatological conditions, and now in COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Although generally safe they are potentially lethal in overdose. In-vitro data suggest that high concentrations and thus high doses are needed for COVID-19 infections, but as yet there is no convincing evidence of clinical efficacy. Bayesian regression models were fitted to survival outcomes and electrocardiograph QRS durations from 302 prospectively studied French patients who had taken intentional chloroquine overdoses, of whom 33 died (11%), and 16 healthy volunteers who took 620 mg base chloroquine single doses. Whole blood concentrations of 13.5 µmol/L (95% credible interval 10.1–17.7) were associated with 1% mortality. Prolongation of ventricular depolarization is concentration-dependent with a QRS duration >150 msec independently highly predictive of mortality in chloroquine self-poisoning. Pharmacokinetic modeling predicts that most high dose regimens trialled in COVID-19 are unlikely to cause serious cardiovascular toxicity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32639233/ doi: 10.7554/elife.58631 id: cord-296607-h2zwlyz7 author: Watson, Ryan A. title: Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system date: 2020-06-09 words: 7738.0 sentences: 370.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296607-h2zwlyz7.txt summary: What is clear is that patients appear to be at higher risk for thrombotic disease states including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke. In most scenarios, direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) are recommended over warfarin due to large randomized controlled trials showing noninferiority or superiority for stroke reduction and superiority for bleeding risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation [29] [30] [31] [32] . The use of UFH or LMWH may be considered in patients with high potential stroke risk and new onset atrial fibrillation; however, heparin drips require constant monitoring and titration of dosing during hospitalization leading to increased nursing exposure to potential COVID-19 patients. A French cohort of ICU patients on pharmacologic prophylaxis found a high prevalence of thrombotic complications including PE, stroke, circuit clotting of continuous renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with minimal bleeding risk suggesting the need for higher doses of prophylactic anticoagulation in this patient population [70] . abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged health-care systems and physicians worldwide to attempt to provide the best care to their patients with an evolving understanding of this unique pathogen. This disease and its worldwide impact have sparked tremendous interest in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical consequences of COVID-19. This accumulating body of evidence has centered around case series and often empiric therapies as controlled trials are just getting underway. What is clear is that patients appear to be at higher risk for thrombotic disease states including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE) such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke. Patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are also at higher risk for morbidity and mortality if infected. These patients are commonly treated with anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medications and less commonly thrombolysis during hospitalization, potentially with great benefit but the management of these medications can be difficult in potentially critically ill patients. In an effort to align practice patterns across a large health system (Jefferson Health 2,622 staffed inpatient beds and 319 intensive care unit (ICU) beds across 14 facilities), a task force was assembled to address the utilization of anti-thrombotic and anti-platelet therapy in COVID-19 positive or suspected patients. The task force incorporated experts in Cardiology, Vascular Medicine, Hematology, Vascular Surgery, Pharmacy, and Vascular Neurology. Current guidelines, consensus documents, and policy documents from specialty organizations were used to formulate health system recommendations. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to provide guidance to the utilization of antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapies in patients with known or suspected COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429774/ doi: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1772639 id: cord-260002-hszdk4es author: Wayne, Annie S title: Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys date: 2020-06-29 words: 947.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260002-hszdk4es.txt summary: title: Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic via weekly surveys METHODS: Fifty, 24‐h small animal emergency veterinary hospital representatives were recruited to participate in weekly surveys in April 2020 to catalog changes due to COVID‐19 pandemic. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of emergency veterinary hospitals surveyed reported significant changes to day‐to‐day operations as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. SIGNIFICANCE: Reporting of weekly survey results provides useful information on how emergency veterinary hospitals with similar challenges are responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented 24-h emergency small animal veterinary hospitals with unique and unprecedented challenges. The continuation of surveying emergency veterinary hospitals and dissemination of timely information is planned for remainder of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cataloguing the response by emergency veterinary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic via weekly surveys abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented veterinary emergency hospitals with unique challenges. Rapid online surveys represent an efficient way of collating responses to rapidly shifting circumstances. METHODS: Fifty, 24‐h small animal emergency veterinary hospital representatives were recruited to participate in weekly surveys in April 2020 to catalog changes due to COVID‐19 pandemic. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of emergency veterinary hospitals surveyed reported significant changes to day‐to‐day operations as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. SIGNIFICANCE: Reporting of weekly survey results provides useful information on how emergency veterinary hospitals with similar challenges are responding to the COVID‐19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12974 doi: 10.1111/vec.12974 id: cord-327616-uu9uygic author: Wazny, Vanessa title: Vascular underpinning of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-27 words: 6970.0 sentences: 359.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327616-uu9uygic.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case study reports have called attention to the overrepresentation of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to respiratory diseases, among patients at risk of critical illness and mortality following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . Initial concerns were also raised regarding the medical treatment of hypertension with adverse COVID-19 outcomes, as studies in animals have shown that the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers result in the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which is an entry factor for SARS-CoV-2 [13] . Collectively, these case reports of confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients strongly indicate a strong association between underlying cardiovascular diseases and diabetes with severe health outcomes and fatality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In COVID-19 research, nasal and alveolar epithelial cells are generally believed to be the primary sites of viral infection due to the high expressions of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors [51] . abstract: COVID-19 management guidelines have largely attributed critically ill patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, to a systemic overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cardiovascular dysfunction may also represent a primary phenomenon, with increasing data suggesting that severe COVID-19 reflects a confluence of vascular dysfunction, thrombosis and dysregulated inflammation. Here, we first consolidate the information on localized microvascular inflammation and disordered cytokine release, triggering vessel permeability and prothrombotic conditions that play a central role in perpetuating the pathogenic COVID-19 cascade. Secondly, we seek to clarify the gateways which SARS-CoV-2, the causative COVID-19 virus, uses to enter host vascular cells. Post-mortem examinations of patients' tissues have confirmed direct viral endothelial infection within several organs. While there have been advances in single-cell RNA sequencing, endothelial cells across various vascular beds express low or undetectable levels of those touted SARS-CoV-2 entry factors. Emerging studies postulate alternative pathways and the apicobasal distribution of host cell surface factors could influence endothelial SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Finally, we provide experimental considerations such as endothelial polarity, cellular heterogeneity in organoids and shear stress dynamics in designing cellular models to facilitate research on viral-induced endothelial dysfunctions. Understanding the vascular underpinning of COVID-19 pathogenesis is crucial to managing outcomes and mortality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847471/ doi: 10.1098/rsob.200208 id: cord-268062-f03acrrd author: Weaver, Michael title: COVID-19 and Jaundice date: 2020-10-08 words: 769.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268062-f03acrrd.txt summary: This is sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) and biliary cast syndrome likely as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. 2 Secondary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by multifocal biliary stricturing and can be due to a variety of causes including infection and ischemic cholangitis among others. 3 Here we postulate that our patient developed SC-CIP and biliary cast syndrome as sequelae of COVID-19 infection. The resultant hypotension and shock from the initial COVID-19 infection likely precipitated biliary ischemia and subsequent sclerosing cholangitis with biliary cast formation. Furthermore, it is plausible that the patient may have developed local microthrombi and microangiopathy, akin to the pulmonary vascular thrombosis and microangiopathy observed in COVID-19 autopsy specimens, 2 resulting in biliary ischemia, especially in a prothrombotic patient who developed bilateral DVTs who could not be anticoagulated. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33039462/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.006 id: cord-321543-qdmvn44h author: Webb, J. B. title: Computational Simulation to Assess Patient Safety of Uncompensated COVID-19 Two-patient Ventilator Sharing Using the Pulse Physiology Engine date: 2020-05-26 words: 5535.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321543-qdmvn44h.txt summary: The simulated patient outcome metrics were satisfactory when the lung compliance difference between two patients was less than 12 cmH2O/mL, and the oxygen saturation index difference was less than 2 mmHg. Interpretation: In resource-limited regions of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic will result in equipment shortages. The simulated patient outcome metrics were satisfactory when the lung compliance difference between two patients was less than 12 cmH2O/mL, and the oxygen saturation index difference was less than 2 mmHg. In resource-limited regions of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic will result in equipment shortages. The new Pulse multi-patient engine simulates multiple patient physiology engines in lockstep to compute the effects of unequal, and potentially dynamic, differences in patient breathing mechanics when connected in parallel branched breathing circuits subject to a single pressuremode ventilator. Validated ARDS and mechanical ventilator models, with the added ability to specify the patient''s respiratory compliance, allows for reasonable COVID-19 pathophysiology simulations. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is stretching medical resources internationally, including creating ventilator shortages that complicate clinical and ethical situations. The possibility of needing to ventilate multiple patients with a single ventilator raises patient health and safety concerns. This simulation study explores patient compatibility and ventilator settings during multi-patient ventilation without the use of flow compensating resistances. Methods: A whole-body computational physiology model was used to simulate each patient on a ventilator. The primary model of a single patient with a dedicated ventilator was augmented to model two patients sharing a single ventilator. A range of ventilator settings and patient characteristics were simulated for paired patients. In addition to mechanical ventilation parameters, the full physiological simulation provides estimates of additional values for oxyhemoglobin saturation, arterial oxygen tension, and other patient parameters. Findings: These simulations show patient outcome during multi-patient ventilation is most closely correlated to lung compliance, oxygenation index, oxygen saturation index, and endtidal carbon dioxide of individual patients. The simulated patient outcome metrics were satisfactory when the lung compliance difference between two patients was less than 12 cmH2O/mL, and the oxygen saturation index difference was less than 2 mmHg. Interpretation: In resource-limited regions of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic will result in equipment shortages. While single-patient ventilation is preferable, if unavailable, these simulations provide a conceptual framework for clinical patient selection guidelines if ventilator sharing is the only available alternative. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.19.20107201v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20107201 id: cord-344065-87x5y9o6 author: Wedig, Isaac J title: Infographic. Stay physically active during COVID-19 with exercise as medicine date: 2020-10-23 words: 639.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344065-87x5y9o6.txt summary: Many experts 4 have emphasised the importance of increasing healthy living behaviours and others 5 have indicated that we are now simultaneously fighting not one but two pandemics (ie, COVID-19, physical inactivity). 6 Immediate action is required to facilitate physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic because it is an effective form of medicine 3 to promote good health, prevent disease and bolster immune function. Several organisations including the WHO, American Heart Association and American College of Sports Medicine have offered initial suggestions and resources for engaging in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. For substantial health benefits, adults should engage in 150-300 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity each week and limit the time spent sitting. In summary, this infographic offers as an evidence-based tool for public health officials, clinicians, educators and policymakers to communicate the importance of engaging in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103282 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103282 id: cord-315585-bjij8ds7 author: Wee, Liang En title: Respiratory surveillance wards as a strategy to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 through early detection: The experience of a tertiary-care hospital in Singapore date: 2020-05-08 words: 3960.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315585-bjij8ds7.txt summary: METHODS: Over a 6-week period during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, our institution introduced a "respiratory surveillance ward" (RSW) to segregate all patients with respiratory symptoms in designated areas, where appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) could be utilized until SARS-CoV-2 testing was done. 15 Here, we report our experience with a novel concept, a respiratory surveillance ward (RSW), which was introduced as a strategy for admission, triage and disposition of patients presenting with respiratory syndromes during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Respiratory surveillance wards (RSWs): Admissions criteria, layout, infection control, and transfer criteria At our institution, high-risk patients that fulfilled suspect case criteria for COVID-19 were admitted to an isolation ward with 37 negative-pressure rooms. During an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with local transmission, an RSW to cohort all inpatients admitted from the community with respiratory symptoms may enhance case detection and reduce the potential of nosocomial transmission. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Patients with COVID-19 may present with respiratory syndromes indistinguishable from those caused by common viruses. Early isolation and containment is challenging. Although screening all patients with respiratory symptoms for COVID-19 has been recommended, the practicality of such an effort has yet to be assessed. METHODS: Over a 6-week period during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, our institution introduced a “respiratory surveillance ward” (RSW) to segregate all patients with respiratory symptoms in designated areas, where appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) could be utilized until SARS-CoV-2 testing was done. Patients could be transferred when SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative on 2 consecutive occasions, 24 hours apart. RESULTS: Over the study period, 1,178 patients were admitted to the RSWs. The mean length-of-stay (LOS) was 1.89 days (SD, 1.23). Among confirmed cases of pneumonia admitted to the RSW, 5 of 310 patients (1.61%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. This finding was comparable to the pickup rate from our isolation ward. In total, 126 HCWs were potentially exposed to these cases; however, only 3 (2.38%) required quarantine because most used appropriate PPE. In addition, 13 inpatients overlapped with the index cases during their stay in the RSW; of these 13 exposed inpatients, 1 patient subsequently developed COVID-19 after exposure. No patient–HCW transmission was detected despite intensive surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Our institution successfully utilized the strategy of an RSW over a 6-week period to contain a cluster of COVID-19 cases and to prevent patient–HCW transmission. However, this method was resource-intensive in terms of testing and bed capacity. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.207 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.207 id: cord-310594-i0586vfw author: Weemaes, Matthias title: Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center date: 2020-04-29 words: 2537.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310594-i0586vfw.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. DISCUSSION: Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. During the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, our laboratory was the only SARSNotably, the large majority of our expanded work force (30 of the 38 additional FTE) was assigned to help with administrative tasks (sample reception, triaging, patient registration, result validation and reporting, and epidemiological studies), and not directly involved in expanding analytical capacity (i.e. PCR analysis) ( Figure 2 ). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONTEXT AND SETTING: Our large (>12,000,000 tests/year) academic hospital laboratory is the Belgian National Reference Center (NRC) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We performed a moving total of > 25,000 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in parallel to standard routine testing since the start of the outbreak. A LIS implementation team dedicated to develop tools to remove the bottlenecks, primarily situated in the pre- and post-analytical phase, was established early in the crisis. RESULTS: We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. We also describe our approach to data mining and reporting of actionable daily summary statistics to governing bodies and other policymakers. DISCUSSION: Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. It will be important to maintain an environment that is conducive for the rapid adoption of meaningful LIS tools post-COVID crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa081 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa081 id: cord-025765-gd8217va author: Weersink, Alfons title: Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors date: 2020-05-06 words: 3787.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025765-gd8217va.txt summary: The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. Although there are significant short-term disruptions as highlighted by the dumping of milk and the temporary closure of poultry processing facilities, the focus on a domestic market by these sectors along with the stability and coordination of its supply management marketing systems has mitigated, to an extent, the economic implications of COVID-19. The discussion highlights the importance of distinguishing between the farm output (i.e., milk, chicken, and eggs) and the products stemming from that output, the difference in the demand for those products for home consumption versus dining out, and the difference in the distribution systems for grocery retailers and the hospitality industry. abstract: The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. These supply management sectors, however, are more resilient to the impacts of COVID‐19 than other sectors as producers are generally more financially stable, losses are pooled, and production/marketing efforts are coordinated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264609/ doi: 10.1111/cjag.12240 id: cord-268065-mxvbbkc4 author: Wei, Maoti title: Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-05-18 words: 4409.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268065-mxvbbkc4.txt summary: Shortly after the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, and an information storm occurred. Based on information of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, the components of the epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed, as well as the role of natural and social factors involved. S ince the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Recent results showed that SARS-CoV-2 persists longer with a higher viral load and peaks later in the respiratory tissue of patients with severe disease; this phenomenon highlights the need for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Some experts commented that people with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection were not identified by epidemic prevention measures, thus accelerating the spread of the disease. abstract: In December, 2019, an infectious outbreak of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, which attracted intense attention. Shortly after the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, and an information storm occurred. At that time, 2 important aspects, that is, the stages of spread and the components of the epidemic, were unclear. Answers to the questions (1) what are the sources, (2) how do infections occur, and (3) who will be affected should be clarified as the outbreak continues to evolve. Furthermore, components of the epidemic and the stages of spread should be explored and discussed. Based on information of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, the components of the epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed, as well as the role of natural and social factors involved. Epidemiologic characteristics of patients will be traced based on current information. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32418549/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.155 id: cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author: Wei, Wei title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date: 2020-07-01 words: 3102.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt summary: title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). Both the clinical model and radiomics signature showed good performance in discriminating patients with common and severe COVID-19. Both the clinical and radiomics models showed good stability, indicating that the texture analysis was valuable for discriminating common and severe COVID-19 patients, and that the results were not due to overfitting. The strong correlation was found between inflammatory score and partial wavelet transform features and region size matrix GLSZM features (> 0.7), indicating that these image features are closely related to disease severity and can be used for clinical type classification of the COVID-19 patients. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of CT texture analysis (CTTA) for determining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. METHODS: The clinical and CT data of 81 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. The texture features were extracted using LK2.1. The two-sample t test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to find the significant features. Minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (MRMR) method was performed to find the features with maximum correlation and minimum redundancy. These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. Besides, a clinical model was also built. ROC analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of two models. The correlations of clinical features and textural features were analyzed using the Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Of the total cases included, 60 were common and 21 were severe. (1) For textural features, 20 radiomics features selected by MRMR showed good performance in discriminating the two groups (AUC > 70%). (2) For clinical features, chi-square tests or Mann–Whitney U tests identified 16 clinical features as significant, and 12 were discriminative (p < 0.05) between two groups analyzed by univariate logistic analysis. Of these, 10 had an AUC > 70%. (3) Prediction models for textural features and clinical features were established, and both showed high predictive accuracy. The AUC values of textural features and clinical features were 0.93 (0.86–1.00) and 0.95 (0.95–0.99), respectively. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). CONCLUSION: Texture analysis can provide reliable and objective information for differential diagnosis of COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • CT texture analysis can well differentiate common and severe COVID-19 patients. • Some textural features showed above-moderate correlations with clinical factors. • CT texture analysis can provide useful information to judge the severity of COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07012-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613287/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07012-3 id: cord-124654-zs2533s5 author: Wei, Wenqi title: A Real-time Robot-based Auxiliary System for Risk Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-08-18 words: 3778.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-124654-zs2533s5.txt summary: It combines real-time speech recognition, temperature measurement, keyword detection, cough detection and other functions in order to convert live audio into actionable structured data to achieve the COVID-19 infection risk assessment function. Although the medical diagnosis of COVID-19 requires viral nucleic acid test based on saliva [6] , the most common way for detecting potential infections in public areas is body temperature measurement. Inspired by [17] , the detection method and evaluation metric we proposed can be unitedly implemented as an auxiliary real-time system in a robot for helping with remote screening of people with high infection risk. At the end of the conversation, the electronic medical record is generated for the current user which contains body temperature, demographic information (gender, age), disease history (extracted from the translated text), a complete recording and translation of the human-robots conversation, the users cough audio, intelligent diagnosis results, together with an epidemic map. abstract: In this paper, we propose a real-time robot-based auxiliary system for risk evaluation of COVID-19 infection. It combines real-time speech recognition, temperature measurement, keyword detection, cough detection and other functions in order to convert live audio into actionable structured data to achieve the COVID-19 infection risk assessment function. In order to better evaluate the COVID-19 infection, we propose an end-to-end method for cough detection and classification for our proposed system. It is based on real conversation data from human-robot, which processes speech signals to detect cough and classifies it if detected. The structure of our model are maintained concise to be implemented for real-time applications. And we further embed this entire auxiliary diagnostic system in the robot and it is placed in the communities, hospitals and supermarkets to support COVID-19 testing. The system can be further leveraged within a business rules engine, thus serving as a foundation for real-time supervision and assistance applications. Our model utilizes a pretrained, robust training environment that allows for efficient creation and customization of customer-specific health states. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07695v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-265522-qutjr010 author: Wei, Xiaowei title: Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist''s perspective date: 2020-05-06 words: 504.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265522-qutjr010.txt summary: According to the therapeutic experience of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, timely glucose monitoring and control may improve the prognosis of diabetes patients with coronavirus infection [4] . Therefore, intensive glucose monitoring may be necessary for COVID-19 patients, especially for those who has underlying diabetes, hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose≥7mmol/L) or receiving corticosteroid treatment. Frequent and invasive blood sampling means increased risk of occupational exposure for nurses when closely contacting with COVID-19 patients. An investigation on clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with COVID-19 indicated that close contact (within 1 meter) was the main transmission route under such circumstance [6] . Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) may be an optimized choice for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, given that medical workers could check glucose levels by a scanner for up to 14 days without invasive operations or close contact. Blood glucose is a representative of the clustered indicators of multi-organ injury for predicting mortality of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108196 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108196 id: cord-138439-wvynetna author: Wei, Xiyi title: Sex Differences in Severity and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Evidence from Pooled Literature Analysis and Insights from Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis date: 2020-03-30 words: 4720.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-138439-wvynetna.txt summary: Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of current studies that examined sex differences in severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and identify potential mechanisms underpinning these differences. Methods: We performed a systematic review to collate data from observational studies examining associations of sex differences with clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Conclusions: This meta-analysis detected an increased severity and mortality rate in the male populations with COVID-19, which might be attributable to the sex-based differences in cellular compositions and immunological microenvironments of the lung. However, whether the sex difference is related to the risk factors for infection, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 is still lacking a comprehensive analysis based on the integration of new studies. ACE2 as a receptor of SARS-CoV and spike protein can be primed by TMPRSS2 are exploited to entry into target cells, which play an vital role in coronavirus pneumonia infection. abstract: Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of current studies that examined sex differences in severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and identify potential mechanisms underpinning these differences. Methods: We performed a systematic review to collate data from observational studies examining associations of sex differences with clinical outcomes of COVID-19. PubMed, Web of Science and four preprint servers were searched for relevant studies. Data were extracted and analyzed using meta-analysis where possible, with summary data presented otherwise. Publicly available bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data were analyzed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the observed association. Results: 39 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 77932 patients, of which 41510 (53.3%) were males. Men were at a markedly increased risk of developing severe cases compared with women. Furthermore, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of mortality for male group compared with the female group indicated significant higher mortality rate for male. Data from scRNA-seq suggest that men have a higher amount of ACE2-expressing pulmonary alveolar type II cells than women. Sex-based immunological differences exist. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) is positively correlated with ACE2, and there is evidence that AR may directly regulate the expression of ACE2. Conclusions: This meta-analysis detected an increased severity and mortality rate in the male populations with COVID-19, which might be attributable to the sex-based differences in cellular compositions and immunological microenvironments of the lung. The host cell receptor ACE2 is likely regulated by AR signaling pathway, which is identified as a potential target for prevention and treatment of SARS-Cov-2 infections in men. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.13547v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-302159-exexcag6 author: Wei, Yanqiu title: Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-16 words: 3055.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302159-exexcag6.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, thousands of patients with fever or cough were flocked into fever clinic of designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. RESULTS: The nucleic acid positive rate for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the outpatients from our fever clinic was 67·1%, while the majority of COVID‐19 patients were mild cases. This study is designed to analyze the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in patients visiting fever clinic in Wuhan, and to compare the clinical features between COVID-19 and nucleic acid negative patients based on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and CT scan results. Similarly, once patients only manifest bilateral lung ground-glass changes and eosinophil count below the normal level, the possibility for a positive result in nucleic acid assay could also reach 77.0% (95% CI: 71.0-83.0) ( Table 4) . Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, thousands of patients with fever or cough were flocked into fever clinic of designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. To date, no data have ever been reported to reflect the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among these outpatients. Moreover, it is almost unknown to discriminate COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients based on clinical features in the fever clinics. METHODS: The infectious status of SARS‐CoV‐2 was estimated among the outpatients. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared between COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients. RESULTS: The nucleic acid positive rate for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the outpatients from our fever clinic was 67·1%, while the majority of COVID‐19 patients were mild cases. The predominant initial symptom in those COVID‐19 patients was fever (78.2%), followed by cough (15.6%). Very significantly lower number of eosinophils was characterized in COVID‐19 patients as compared to that of nucleic acid negative patients. More importantly, the proportion of subjects with eosinophil counts lower than normal levels in COVID‐19 patients was much higher than that of nucleic acid negative patients. Fever combined with bilateral ground‐glass opacities in CT imaging and eosinophil count below the normal level are probably a valuable indicator of COVID‐19 infection in those outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Those findings may provide critical information for the regions such as Europe and United States that are facing the same situation as Wuhan experienced, and could be valuable to prevent those nucleic acid negative patients from misdiagnosis before antibody testing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26175 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26175 id: cord-284393-s9qp9a4e author: Wei, Yiping title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study date: 2020-07-29 words: 4267.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284393-s9qp9a4e.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of 276 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Zengdu District, Hubei Province: a single-center descriptive study BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. Our study on 276 inpatients in Zengdu Hhospital confirms that COVID-19 patients in the areas surrounding the core COVID-19 outbreak region showed mainly mild and moderate illness with fever and lymphocytopenia as the main clinical features. Moreover, compared to studies in which only seriously ill COVID-19 patients were admitted, our admission criteria better reflect the disease characteristics in the area around the outbreak point, so as to provide a decision-making reference for hospitals in the residential area to decide which patients should stay at home for observation and which high-risk patients should be hospitalized in a timely manner. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to report the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Zengdu District, Hubei Province, China. METHODS: Clinical data on COVID-19 inpatients in Zengdu Hospital from January 27 to March 11, 2020 were collected; this is a community hospital in an area surrounding Wuhan and supported by volunteer doctors. All hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The epidemiological findings, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiologic manifestations, and clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. The patients were followed up for clinical outcomes until March 22, 2020. Severe COVID-19 cases include severe and critical cases diagnosed according to the seventh edition of China’s COVID-19 diagnostic guidelines. Severe and critical COVID-19 cases were diagnosed according to the seventh edition of China’s COVID-19 diagnostic guidelines. RESULTS: All hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 276 (median age: 51.0 years), were enrolled, including 262 non-severe and 14 severe patients. The proportion of patients aged over 60 years was higher in the severe group (78.6%) than in the non-severe group (18.7%, p < 0.01). Approximately a quarter of the patients (24.6%) had at least one comorbidity, such as hypertension, diabetes, or cancer, and the proportion of patients with comorbidities was higher in the severe group (85.7%) than in the non-severe group (21.4%, p < 0.01). Common symptoms included fever (82.2% [227/276]) and cough (78.0% [218/276]). 38.4% (106/276) of the patients had a fever at the time of admission. Most patients (94.9% [204/276]) were cured and discharged; 3.6% (10/276) deteriorated to a critical condition and were transferred to another hospital. The median COVID-19 treatment duration and hospital stay were 14.0 and 18.0 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the COVID-19 patients in Zengdu had mild disease. Older patients with underlying diseases were at a higher risk of progression to severe disease. The length of hospital-stay and antiviral treatment duration for COVID-19 were slightly longer than those in Wuhan. This work will contribute toward an understanding of COVID-19 characteristics in the areas around the core COVID-19 outbreak region and serve as a reference for decision-making for epidemic prevention and control in similar areas. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05252-8 id: cord-332109-ont0tqpn author: Wei, Yufeng title: Substance Use Disorder in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Vulnerabilities and Complications date: 2020-07-18 words: 11728.0 sentences: 668.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332109-ont0tqpn.txt summary: The immunosuppression reduces antibody production, cytotoxicity, and T cell-mediated immune responses, and is linked to higher incidences of pathogen infections, slowed recovery, and severe disease progression in COVID-19. Due to compromised immune responses, cocaine abusers have considerably high incidences of viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and potentially SARS-CoV-2. Cardiac arrhythmias and acute MI; oxygen imbalance; microvascular diseases and thrombosis [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [129] [130] [131] [132] Increased severity and mortality [12, 37, 38] Immune system Stimulating HPA axis; immunosuppression; defects in antibody formation, lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage and NK activation [141, 142] High incidence of viral infection [142] CNS Increased BBB permeability due to loss of tight junction proteins; rearrangement of cytoskeleton structure [143] [144] [145] [146] Endotheliitis and CNS infection [53, [55] [56] [57] Amphetamine, METH, MDMA abstract: As the world endures the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the conditions of 35 million vulnerable individuals struggling with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide have not received sufficient attention for their special health and medical needs. Many of these individuals are complicated by underlying health conditions, such as cardiovascular and lung diseases and undermined immune systems. During the pandemic, access to the healthcare systems and support groups is greatly diminished. Current research on COVID-19 has not addressed the unique challenges facing individuals with SUDs, including the heightened vulnerability and susceptibility to the disease. In this systematic review, we will discuss the pathogenesis and pathology of COVID-19, and highlight potential risk factors and complications to these individuals. We will also provide insights and considerations for COVID-19 treatment and prevention in patients with SUDs. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph13070155 doi: 10.3390/ph13070155 id: cord-261470-sqxdwu6j author: Weichmann, Franziska title: Projected supportive effects of Pycnogenol® in patients suffering from multi-dimensional health impairments after a SARS-CoV2 infection date: 2020-10-09 words: 5918.0 sentences: 308.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261470-sqxdwu6j.txt summary: Two London based hospitals also found increasing numbers of patients with Kawasaki-like symptoms in communities with high rates of COVID 19, which was provisionally called pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) [68] [70] . Another double-blind, placebo-controlled study reported similar effects when supplementing type II diabetes and hypertensive patients, taking ACE inhibitor medication together with 125 mg Pycnogenol ® daily for 3 months. Regarding endotheliitis, Pycnogenol ® studies offer good evidence for potential beneficial effects for patients suffering from COVID-19 by improving endothelial function. As Pycnogenol ® offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and positively influences endothelial cell function as well as microcirculation and platelet reactivity, a supplementation might support the management of COVID-19 patients. We hypothesize possible additional beneficial effects of Pycnogenol ® in patients infected with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 and those who suffer from abiding health problems, when complemented to the standard treatment also upon the first day of symptoms or infection. abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is triggered by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and has rapidly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Unlike other SARS viruses, SARS-CoV2 does not solely impact the respiratory system, but additionally leads to inflammation of endothelial cells, microvascular injuries and coagulopathies, thereby affecting multiple organs. Recent reports of patients that were infected with SARS-CoV2 suggest persistent health problems even months after the initial infection. In over 90 human clinical studies, the French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol® demonstrated anti-inflammatory, vascular and endothelium-protective effects. We propose that Pycnogenol® may be beneficial in supporting recovery and mitigating symptoms and long-term consequences resulting from a SARS-CoV2 infection in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924857920303976?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106191 id: cord-259871-46al6phc author: Weill, Joakim A. title: Social distancing responses to COVID-19 emergency declarations strongly differentiated by income date: 2020-08-18 words: 2554.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259871-46al6phc.txt summary: In this paper, we use anonymized location pings data from mobile devices covering the entire United States to provide direct evidence of systematic differences in social distancing behavior across income levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. To address both concerns in a multivariate framework, we use a panel regression analysis with an event study design to estimate how social distancing behaviors are related to state emergency declarations, and how the response varies by income group (Eq. 1) . We find that pretrends are absent from our preferred social distancing measure "completely at home" as well as "device exposure." In contrast, for "median distance traveled," we find that individuals in wealthier counties show substantial behavior change before their state''s declaration, while "retail and recreation" shows an early pretrend that is then absent in the 2 wk before the event. Overall, we show that social distancing following states'' emergency declarations is substantial and strongly differentiated by county-level income. abstract: In the absence of a vaccine, social distancing measures are one of the primary tools to reduce the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We show that social distancing following US state-level emergency declarations substantially varies by income. Using mobility measures derived from mobile device location pings, we find that wealthier areas decreased mobility significantly more than poorer areas, and this general pattern holds across income quantiles, data sources, and mobility measures. Using an event study design focusing on behavior subsequent to state emergency orders, we document a reversal in the ordering of social distancing by income: Wealthy areas went from most mobile before the pandemic to least mobile, while, for multiple measures, the poorest areas went from least mobile to most. Previous research has shown that lower income communities have higher levels of preexisting health conditions and lower access to healthcare. Combining this with our core finding—that lower income communities exhibit less social distancing—suggests a double burden of the COVID-19 pandemic with stark distributional implications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727905/ doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009412117 id: cord-028285-n4dommet author: Weilongorska, Natasha L. title: COVID-19: What are the challenges for NHS surgery? date: 2020-07-02 words: 9755.0 sentences: 619.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028285-n4dommet.txt summary: With there being a short interval from the time of the first COVID-19 case presentation, to the development of a global pandemic, validated management algorithms to support changes in operative strategies are lacking. The key components of NHS preoperative patient screening for COVID-19 are: structured questionnaires with temperature monitoring, viral real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, and chest imaging. Full PPE (fluid resistant gown, double gloving, visor or goggles, fit-tested FFP3 mask or respirator, disposable hat, shoe covers) should be worn in the operating rooms for any suspected or positive COVID-19 case, for AGP 38 (Table 3) , and for procedures for which the risk is unknown. All surgical cases require a discussion about the patient''s COVID-19 status, the degree of aerosol risk for each part of the procedure (induction of anaesthesia, extubation, and for all operative phases), with PPE requirement stated for each stage. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329670/ doi: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100856 id: cord-327607-g0jtrwot author: Weinberg, Marc Scott title: Clinical Trials and Tribulations in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-05-19 words: 4312.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327607-g0jtrwot.txt summary: Here we describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path towards discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders. Here we describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path towards discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders. While some of the same challenges limiting safety / biomarker visits also apply to in-person clinical and cognitive scale administration, there is already a literature base providing at least provisional support for the validity and reliability of performing assessments via tele-neuropsychology (TeleNP), including in older adults (e.g., [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . abstract: Advances in treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease and other neurocognitive disorders of aging arise from rigorous preclinical and clinical research, with randomized controlled treatment trials as the last and definitive test. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted ongoing interventional studies and researchers are scrambling to find ways to safely continue this critical work amidst rapidly shifting guidelines from sponsors, institutions, and state and federal guidelines. Here we describe novel approaches and work-flow adaptations to study visits, drug delivery and interim and endpoint safety and outcomes assessments to avoid sacrificing years of preparation and substantial financial investments, to work in the best interest of participants and their caregivers, and to continue on the path towards discovering disease-modifying treatments for the millions of individuals impacted by major neurocognitive disorders. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.016 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.016 id: cord-348658-fz5nfdf9 author: Weiner, Joseph A. title: Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide? date: 2020-06-04 words: 5268.0 sentences: 295.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348658-fz5nfdf9.txt summary: The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. The current study addresses the role of prior infectious disease outbreaks on the preparedness, response, and impact of COVID-19 on spine surgeons across the world. In total, 902 spine surgeons responded to the survey, representing 91 distinct countries and 7 global regions (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and South America/Latin America Respondents overall reported a moderate to high level of concern regarding the COVID-19 outbreak, with a mean score of 3.7 ± 1.2 on a scale of one to five. Multivariate regression analysis, controlling for statistically significant demographic differences (geographic region, population, fellowship training, and practice breakdown), revealed that prior epidemic exposure was independently associated with an increase in respondents reporting personal health as a source of stress (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.21-2.27; p = 0.0015), music as a coping strategy (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.21-2.30; p < 0.001, and still performing elective spine surgery (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.01-2.38; p = 0.0035). abstract: PURPOSE: Spine surgeons around the world have been universally impacted by COVID-19. The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. METHODS: A 73-item survey was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide via AO Spine. Questions focused on: demographics, COVID-19 preparedness, response, and impact. Respondents with and without prior epidemic experience (e.g., SARS, H1NI, MERS) were assessed on preparedness and response via univariate and multivariate modeling. Results of the survey were compared against the Global Health Security Index. RESULTS: Totally, 902 surgeons from 7 global regions completed the survey. 24.2% of respondents had prior experience with global health crises. Only 49.6% reported adequate access to personal protective equipment. There were no differences in preparedness reported by respondents with prior epidemic exposure. Government and hospital responses were fairly consistent around the world. Prior epidemic experience did not impact the presence of preparedness guidelines. There were subtle differences in sources of stress, coping strategies, performance of elective surgeries, and impact on income driven by prior epidemic exposure. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to help mitigate the impact of the current and future pandemics. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to note that prior experience with infectious disease crises did not appear to help spine surgeons prepare for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on survey results, the GHSI was not an effective measure of COVID-19 preparedness. Formal international guidelines for crisis preparedness are needed to mitigate future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06477-6 doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06477-6 id: cord-277210-xaj2623u author: Weinkove, Robert title: Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance date: 2020-05-13 words: 6044.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277210-xaj2623u.txt summary: • Adopt measures within cancer centres to reduce risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 acquisition; support population-wide social distancing; reduce demand on acute services; ensure adequate staffing; and provide culturally safe care. Patients with cancer could be at elevated risk of severe COVID-19, while delivery of cancer therapies could be disrupted by quarantines, social distancing measures, and interruption of routine health care delivery by the pandemic. 38 Community spread of COVID-19 has the potential to diminish the donor pool, to threaten the capacity of cancer services to provide routine transfusion support, and to increase the risks that transfusion-dependent patients will come into contact with other individuals with SARS-CoV-2. We present interim guidance for clinicians caring for patients with cancer who may be particularly vulnerable both to severe COVID-19 and the potential impact of the pandemic on the provision of cancer investigations and treatment. abstract: INTRODUCTION: A pandemic coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, causes COVID‐19, a potentially life‐threatening respiratory disease. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their malignancy and/or treatment, and may be at elevated risk of severe COVID‐19. Community transmission of COVID‐19 could overwhelm health care services, compromising delivery of cancer care. This interim consensus guidance provides advice for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the pandemic. MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS: During the COVID‐19 pandemic: In patients with cancer with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, consider causes in addition to COVID‐19, including other infections and therapy‐related pneumonitis. For suspected or confirmed COVID‐19, discuss temporary cessation of cancer therapy with a relevant specialist. Provide information on COVID‐19 for patients and carers. Adopt measures within cancer centres to reduce risk of nosocomial SARS‐CoV‐2 acquisition; support population‐wide social distancing; reduce demand on acute services; ensure adequate staffing; and provide culturally safe care. Measures should be equitable, transparent and proportionate to the COVID‐19 threat. Consider the risks and benefits of modifying cancer therapies due to COVID‐19. Communicate treatment modifications, and review once health service capacity allows. Consider potential impacts of COVID‐19 on the blood supply and availability of stem cell donors. Discuss and document goals of care, and involve palliative care services in contingency planning. CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS A RESULT OF THIS STATEMENT: This interim consensus guidance provides a framework for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In view of the rapidly changing situation, clinicians must also monitor national, state, local and institutional policies, which will take precedence. ENDORSED BY: Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group; Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group; Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group; Australia and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine; Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases; Bone Marrow Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand; Cancer Council Australia; Cancer Nurses Society of Australia; Cancer Society of New Zealand; Clinical Oncology Society of Australia; Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand; National Centre for Infections in Cancer; New Zealand Cancer Control Agency; New Zealand Society for Oncology; and Palliative Care Australia. url: https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50607 doi: 10.5694/mja2.50607 id: cord-334184-2zjbwmqn author: Weinstein, B. title: A methodological blueprint to identify COVID-19 vulnerable locales by socioeconomic factors, developed using South Korean data date: 2020-10-27 words: 3225.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334184-2zjbwmqn.txt summary: High area morbidity, risky health behaviors, crowding, and population mobility elevated area risk for COVID-19, while improved social distancing, healthcare access, and education decreased it. We used an independent variable proxy for education, and by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) created six thematic composite indices: healthcare access, health behavior, crowding, area morbidity, education, difficulty to social distancing, and population mobility. 10.26.20218842 doi: medRxiv preprint In the entire study period model using GNBR, the COVID-19 risk increased risky health behavior, area morbidity, and difficulty to social distancing (Table 2) . In the early phase, lower healthcare access and education, and increased risky health behavior, area morbidity, difficulty to social distancing, and population mobility associated with higher COVID-19 risk. Relative risks associated with healthcare access, health behavior, and crowding indices were significant in the early phase where each index varied in spatial coverage ( Figure 4 ). abstract: COVID-19 has more severely impacted socioeconomically (SES) disadvantaged populations. Lack of SES measurements and inaccurately identifying high-risk locales can hamper COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Using South Korean COVID-19 incidence data (January 20 through July 1, 2020) and established social theoretical approaches, we identified COVID-19-specific SES factors. Principal component analysis created composite indexes for each SES factor, while Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regressions mapped a continuous surface of COVID-19 risk for South Korea. High area morbidity, risky health behaviors, crowding, and population mobility elevated area risk for COVID-19, while improved social distancing, healthcare access, and education decreased it. Our results indicated that falling SES-related COVID-19 risks and spatial shift patterns over three consecutive time periods reflected the implementation of reportedly effective public health interventions. While validating earlier studies, this study introduced a methodological blueprint for precision targeting of high-risk locales that is globally applicable for COVID-19 and future pandemics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.26.20218842v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.26.20218842 id: cord-318634-crjg72fj author: Weiss, Pnina G. title: Leading Change to Address the Needs and Well-being of Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 2348.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318634-crjg72fj.txt summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. Transforming education to effectively respond to trainee well-being needs requires leadership, and we use Kotter''s 8 step change management model as an example of a framework to effectively lead change. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders, as stewards of trainee well-being and the educational mission, 1 to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. Kotter''s 8 step change management framework can offer guidance on HOW to effectively lead change during the COVID-19 pandemic: establish a sense of urgency, form a powerful guiding coalition, create a vision, communicate the vision, empower others to act on the vision, plan for and create short-term wins, consolidate improvement and produce more change, and institutionalize new approaches ( Table 2 ). abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged program leaders to respond rapidly to changes in healthcare delivery, protect trainee safety, and transform educational activities. The pandemic demanded that program directors prioritize and address myriad threats to trainees’ well-being. In this paper, we adapt Maslow's needs framework to systematically address trainee well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify potential interventions to meet trainee needs at the program, institution, and extra-institutional levels. Transforming education to effectively respond to trainee well-being needs requires leadership, and we use Kotter's 8 step change management model as an example of a framework to effectively lead change. Program leaders can take this opportunity to reflect upon their training programs and take the opportunity to improve them. Some of the systems of education we develop during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as telehealth, tele-education, and ways to stay connected may provide advantages and will be important to continue and expand upon post-COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.06.001 id: cord-341574-6pmd04m9 author: Weissman, Ruth S. title: IJED support for eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-09 words: 2342.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341574-6pmd04m9.txt summary: IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID‐19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high‐quality research. International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) and members of its board long have embraced an author-centric ethos to maintain policies and practices that support authors (e.g., short review times; detailed and high-quality feedback; a range of manuscript types suitable for investigators across levels of research experience; workshops on publishing; and outreach to early career scholars). Detailed survey findings are described in a separate report (Weissman, Klump, & Rose, in press) , except for responses to the question which is the focus of this editorial: "Please describe 1-3 changes IJED should make to support eating disorders researchers during and after COVID-19." abstract: This editorial reports on an anonymous survey question posed to eating disorders researchers about changes the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) should implement to support the eating disorders research community affected by COVID‐19. The editorial accompanies an IJED article that details responses to the larger survey focusing more broadly on COVID‐19‐related research disruptions. Survey invitations were sent to editorial board members of eating disorders journals, members of eating disorder scientific organizations (e.g., Eating Disorders Research Society), and individuals who provided at least three IJED reviews in the prior 12 months. We reviewed the responses of 187 participants and identified three categories of changes that: (a) had already been implemented by the journal, (b) cannot be implemented because they fall outside the scope of IJED, or (c) will be implemented in coming weeks or months. The latter category includes publishing topical COVID‐19 papers, making some COVID‐19‐related content available open access, revising statistical guidelines, and issuing author guidance on reporting protocol changes caused by COVID‐19‐related disruptions. IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID‐19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high‐quality research. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23293 doi: 10.1002/eat.23293 id: cord-309769-phi3re5g author: Weissman, Ruth Striegel title: Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID‐19: A survey of researchers in the field date: 2020-05-25 words: 5361.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309769-phi3re5g.txt summary: your concerns about the current pandemic''s impact on your future research program or career; and your thoughts or suggestions on how IJED and the eating disorders research community at large could support research during and after COVID-19." The invitation further specified that: the survey was anonymous; only one response was possible from an IP address (i.e., no multiple submissions permitted); and participation was voluntary, with all items being "skippable," yet completion of all items was encouraged. Of note, statistically significant differences (with a large effect size, d = 1.2) were found comparing respondents holding permanent positions versus those in time-limited positions on ratings of how concerned they were about the impact of COVID-19-related research challenges on their future career in terms of promotion and/or career advancement. Two, the research activities that were rated as most challenging or concerning because of COVID-19 included recruitment, data collection, and securing future funding, and our sample reported high level of stress experienced since onset of the pandemic. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted research around the globe and required shuttering of research programs and the implementation of procedural adjustments to ensure safety. This study sought to document COVID‐19's impact on eating disorders (ED) research, which may be particularly susceptible to such disruptions, given its focus on individuals who are physically and emotionally vulnerable. We invited ED researchers from editorial boards and scientific organizations to complete a quantitative/qualitative survey about: COVID‐19's current and future impact on ED research; areas of concern about research disruptions; and effective strategies for conducting and supporting research during and after COVID‐19. Among 187 participants, many had moved studies online and/or shutdown part of their research. Across position types (permanent, 52.7%; temporary, 47.3%), participants reported high concern about data collection, recruitment, and securing future funding. Those holding temporary positions reported significantly greater concern about COVID‐19's impact on their career and greater stress than participants in permanent positions. Strategies for dealing with research disruptions included: employing technology; reprioritizing goals/tasks; and encouraging collaboration. Results underscore the high levels of stress and disruption caused by COVID‐19. We echo calls by our respondents for support for early career scholars and advocacy for additional resources for research and scientists. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23303 doi: 10.1002/eat.23303 id: cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author: Wellbelove, Zoe title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date: 2020-10-25 words: 680.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt summary: title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients We compared the newly validated 4C mortality score to the established CURB65, CRB65 and qSOFA scores in the prediction of 30-day mortality in a variety of existing respiratory infection cohorts in an exploratory analysis. Data from various previous studies performed in Dundee 3 , Hull 4 and South Yorkshire 5 of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and influenza (flu), respectively, plus a COVID-19 cohort (local ISARIC study patients 2 ) were analysed. The 4C mortality score had the greatest AUROC in COVID 19, CAP and IPD patients (0.83, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively) and had a similar AUROC, compared to the other scores (except NEWS, which was not calculable), in the influenza cohort (0.88). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.015 id: cord-321311-v2i1caug author: Weller, Michael title: How we treat patients with brain tumour during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-13 words: 2744.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321311-v2i1caug.txt summary: ► Weigh benefit versus risk of alkylating agent chemotherapy in patients with gliomas lacking MGMT promoter methylation, notably patients with recurrent disease, reduced performance status or in advanced age. Further, we should prudently weigh risk and benefit of systemic pharmacotherapy in all disease areas where there is little or no evidence for pharmacotherapy at all, not only in meningioma or ependymoma in adults but also in recurrent glioblastoma, where no intervention except nitrosoureas in patients with tumours with O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is likely to confer meaningful disease control. Essentially, the same holds true for phase III trials; however, clinical trials evaluating novel treatments that are associated with immunosuppression raise ethical concerns: randomising in the current situation against a standard of care indicates that the benefit of the new intervention is uncertain, but the perceived risk of increased sensitivity to infection would seem to make it prohibitory to place patients on such trials. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created major insecurities regarding whether we can and should maintain the current standards of diagnosis and treatment and access to care for patients with cancer. This is particularly true in the field of neuro-oncology, where the perceived benefit of therapeutic interventions is often low, although this notion is partially incorrect. We acknowledge that the recommendations for care of patients with cancer have become a moving target and that all recommendations are subject to modification based on national and institutional regulations. Still, some important considerations and proposals may apply broadly. First, it is important to note that old age and cardiovascular and pulmonary co-morbidities are the major risk factors for experiencing a severe course of and for dying of COVID-19, not chronic immunosuppression and cancer. Second, many of the considerations on how we should adapt clinical practice in neuro-oncology in view of COVID-19 that are now dominating discussions at local tumour boards, as well as on the institutional level and within societies of neuro-oncology, are not novel but have been valid before and only now have become a priority. More than ever, it seems to be mandatory to adhere to evidence-based medicine and not to prescribe potentially toxic, notably immunsuppresssive systemic therapy where evidence for efficacy is low. Furthermore, it is more obvious now that oncologists must not miss the right time for advance care planning, that is, supporting patients in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals and preferences regarding future medical care. The major psychological impact of transforming oncology care to teleconferences and videoconferences and of the important strict recommendation of social distancing must not be overlooked in a patient population that is characterised by significant prevalence of cognitive decline and by the general perception that their life span may not exceed the life span of the COVID-19 pandemic url: https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000789 doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000789 id: cord-291566-jwlvustd author: Wells Mulherin, Diana title: ASPEN Report on Nutrition Support Practice Processes With COVID‐19: The First Response date: 2020-07-16 words: 5727.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291566-jwlvustd.txt summary: This paper summarizes clinician reports on these changed processes, including overall nutrition care, nutrition assessment, enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition care steps, and food and oral supplement delivery. Experience and research on nutrition support therapy in patients with COVID-19 has brought about new healthcare practice processes that include telemedicine, personal protective equipment (PPE), and exposure limitations. Inpatient nutrition support clinicians working from home have found it challenging to be involved in patient care rounds. Nutrition clinicians are also using telephone or video conferencing to round with the primary medical teams to see patients together and limit going into patients'' rooms to minimize COVID-19 exposure. Some dietitians are reporting that patients with COVID-19 infections are in negative-pressure rooms, and therefore they do not need to wear entire PPE on the patient care unit, which allows them greater access to other healthcare professionals. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has changed nutrition care processes in hospitals and in the home setting. This paper summarizes clinician reports on these changed processes, including overall nutrition care, nutrition assessment, enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition care steps, and food and oral supplement delivery. Also included are teaching, logistics, and personnel issues around changes in the work environment. Use of safe, standardized, evidence‐based processes in the face of altered care patterns is critical. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671870/ doi: 10.1002/ncp.10553 id: cord-337359-kvb7moqt author: Wells, Mike title: Ideas and the origin of evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-17 words: 1247.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337359-kvb7moqt.txt summary: The novel concepts and ideas of the inventors need to be widely distributed so that the applied scientists can improve them, so that appropriate research can be performed, so that the sceptics can carefully and positively impact the next cycle of progression. We need the imaginative, innovative, knowledge-generating researchers, the optimisers and the careful validators to expertly craft appropriate, well-designed and adequately powered studies to rapidly-and carefullyadvance our knowledge. These ideas, when tested objectively in the real world, may actually result in patient harm because of factors not immediately evident (hydroxyethyl starch is a good example). This is certainly something that requires urgent further investigation in critically ill patients with COVID-19, before committing unthinkingly to new devices and procedures. In addition, other factors such as difficulties in cleaning the devices and any potential risks of transmitting infection to the patients and users would need to be investigated. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-210000 doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210000 id: cord-308256-jy20xtwx author: Wells, P. M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-07-30 words: 4262.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308256-jy20xtwx.txt summary: Methods: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. abstract: Background: Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as is understanding of the population-based seroprevalence after the first wave of COVID-19 within the UK. The majority of data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. Methods: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. Findings: We demonstrated a seroprevalence of 12% (51participants of 431). Of 48 seropositive individuals with full symptom data, nine (19%) were fully asymptomatic, and 16 (27%) were asymptomatic for core COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough or anosmia. Specificity of anosmia for seropositivity was 95%, compared to 88% for fever cough and anosmia combined. 34 individuals in the cohort were predicted to be Covid-19 positive using the App algorithm, and of those, 18 (52%) were seropositive. Interpretation: Seroprevalence amongst adults from London and South-East England was 12%, and 19% of seropositive individuals with prospective symptom logging were fully asymptomatic throughout the study. Anosmia demonstrated the highest symptom specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Funding: NIHR BRC, CDRF, ZOE global LTD, RST-UKRI/MRC url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.20162701v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20162701 id: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author: Wells, Philippa M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 words: 3730.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt summary: METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as is understanding of the population-based seroprevalence after the first wave of COVID-19 within the UK. The majority of data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. FINDINGS: We demonstrated a seroprevalence of 12% (51participants of 431). Of 48 seropositive individuals with full symptom data, nine (19%) were fully asymptomatic, and 16 (27%) were asymptomatic for core COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough or anosmia. Specificity of anosmia for seropositivity was 95%, compared to 88% for fever cough and anosmia combined. 34 individuals in the cohort were predicted to be Covid-19 positive using the App algorithm, and of those, 18 (52%) were seropositive. INTERPRETATION: Seroprevalence amongst adults from London and South-East England was 12%, and 19% of seropositive individuals with prospective symptom logging were fully asymptomatic throughout the study. Anosmia demonstrated the highest symptom specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. FUNDING: NIHR BRC, CDRF, ZOE global LTD, RST-UKRI/MRC url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306538 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011 id: cord-322996-ormqm6dx author: Wells, Rebecca Erwin title: The Value of Headache‐Specific Recommendations During COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-26 words: 2169.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322996-ormqm6dx.txt summary: Providers can utilize this publication to help make effective decisions about treatment approaches for headache patients in the midst of the current COVID pandemic. This document serves to provide evidence that (1) effective outpatient treatment approaches are available and may be an effective alternative during this time and (2) many headache providers across the country are already effectively working to care for their patients without the increased risks of in-person visits. Given the targeted approach of this manuscript, additional issues important for headache care during COVID that were not discussed in this manuscript could be addressed with future papers. This paper also serves as a model for other providers to consider -as recommendations for disease-specific treatment options during COVID will enable patients to continue to receive non-COVID care during this pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32337725/ doi: 10.1111/head.13821 id: cord-320572-94fvtj4a author: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort date: 2020-07-06 words: 5398.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320572-94fvtj4a.txt summary: title: Prognostic factors associated with mortality risk and disease progression in 639 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial report of the international RISC-19-ICU prospective observational cohort METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. Inclusion criteria for the RISC-19-ICU registry were (I) a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid amplification according to the WHO-issued testing guidelines [10] , and (II) severe manifestation of COVID-19 requiring treatment in an ICU or intermediate care unit, defined as a hospital ward specialized in the care of critically ill patients with the availability of organ support therapies including invasive mechanical ventilation and/or non-invasive ventilation. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a high disease burden with 10% of confirmed cases progressing towards critical illness. Nevertheless, the disease course and predictors of mortality in critically ill patients are poorly understood. METHODS: Following the critical developments in ICUs in regions experiencing early inception of the pandemic, the European-based, international RIsk Stratification in COVID-19 patients in the Intensive Care Unit (RISC-19-ICU) registry was created to provide near real-time assessment of patients developing critical illness due to COVID-19. FINDINGS: As of April 22, 2020, 639 critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the RISC-19-ICU registry. Of these, 398 had deceased or been discharged from the ICU. ICU-mortality was 24%, median length of stay 12 (IQR, 5–21) days. ARDS was diagnosed in 74%, with a minimum P/F-ratio of 110 (IQR, 80–148). Prone positioning, ECCO2R, or ECMO were applied in 57%. Off-label therapies were prescribed in 265 (67%) patients, and 89% of all bloodstream infections were observed in this subgroup (n = 66; RR=3·2, 95% CI [1·7–6·0]). While PCT and IL-6 levels remained similar in ICU survivors and non-survivors throughout the ICU stay (p = 0·35, 0·34), CRP, creatinine, troponin, d-dimer, lactate, neutrophil count, P/F-ratio diverged within the first seven days (p<0·01). On a multivariable Cox proportional-hazard regression model at admission, creatinine, d-dimer, lactate, potassium, P/F-ratio, alveolar-arterial gradient, and ischemic heart disease were independently associated with ICU-mortality. INTERPRETATION: The European RISC-19-ICU cohort demonstrates a moderate mortality of 24% in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Despite high ARDS severity, mechanical ventilation incidence was low and associated with more rescue therapies. In contrast to risk factors in hospitalized patients reported in other studies, the main mortality predictors in these critically ill patients were markers of oxygenation deficit, renal and microvascular dysfunction, and coagulatory activation. Elevated risk of bloodstream infections underscores the need to exercise caution with off-label therapies. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2589537020301930 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100449 id: cord-259033-op94wuy4 author: Wendling, Daniel title: Can SARS-CoV-2 trigger reactive arthritis? date: 2020-10-27 words: 1193.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259033-op94wuy4.txt summary: The potential mechanisms at the origin of arthritis in a context of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 remain at the hypothesis stage. The mechanism of reactive arthritis is plausible, due to the clinical presentation, the delay between the onset (or diagnosis) of COVID and the onset of rheumatological manifestations, the usual negativation of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR at the time of onset of rheumatological involvement. However, cases of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in patients treated with an anti IL-17 monoclonal antibody for spondyloarthritis [19] . Arthritis may be reactive to a masked pulmonary or digestive infection as a consequence of COVID [13] , or it may be a non-specific consequence of the "cytokine storm" that accompanies the symptomatic forms of the disease [20] . This new infectious disease may induce rheumatological manifestations, with the possibility of reactive arthritis. Patient-reported Disease Activity in an Axial Spondyloarthritis Cohort during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Case of Reactive Arthritis Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1297319X20301937 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105086 id: cord-287872-i6cahnxd author: Wendt, F. R. title: Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes and in over 1 million participants date: 2020-11-12 words: 1604.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287872-i6cahnxd.txt summary: Severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19 were genetically correlated with 127 and 174 phenotypes, respectively, after multiple testing correction ( Figure 1A ). With 188 traits genetically correlated with either COVID-19 outcome after multiple testing correction (Table S3) , we tested for causality among UKB, severe respiratory COVID-19, hospitalized COVID-19. After multiple testing correction we detected 24 and 42 latent causal genetic relationships with severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19, respectively (Table S4) . After multiple testing correction there were no significant differences between genetic causality proportions estimated for severe respiratory COVID-19 and hospitalized COVID-19. Phenome-wide assessment of 14 COVID-19 liability loci (across three severity outcomes: severe respiratory, hospitalized COVID-19, and all COVID-19) identified 439 significant (FDR q<0.05, Figure 1C ) out of 7,221 phenotypes across six ancestries (Table S5) . abstract: To distinguish correlation from causation, we performed in-silico analyses of three COVID-19 outcomes (N>1,000,000). We show genetic correlation and putative causality with depressive symptoms, metformin use, and alcohol use. COVID-19 risk loci associated with several hematologic biomarkers. Comprehensive findings inform genetic contributions to COVID-19 epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and risk factors. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.08.20227884v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.08.20227884 id: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author: Wenling, Yao title: Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-08-31 words: 5015.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt summary: Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. There were no cases of vertical transmission identified among pregnant women infected with SARS 44-49 so far, but SARS during pregnancy is associated with high incidences of spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, endotracheal intubation and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [44] [45] [46] . This is a review on pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS, including their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: report of two cases & review of the literature abstract: The consequences of COVID-19 infecting pregnant women and the potential risks of vertical transmission have become a major issue. Since little is currently known about COVID-19 in pregnancy, the understanding of COVID-19 in this particular group will be updated in time, and a comprehensive review will be useful to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These viruses trigger a cytokine storm in the body, produce a series of immune responses, and cause changes in peripheral leukocytes and immune system cells leading to pregnancy complications that may be associated with viral infections. The expression of ACE2 receptors in the vascular endothelium may explain the histological changes of placentas from pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2. Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia show similar clinical characteristics compared with non-pregnant counterparts. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. In particular, from February 26, 2020 (date of the first COVID-19 case reported in Brazil) until June 18, 2020, Brazil reported 124 maternal deaths. Therefore, pregnant women and neonates require special attention regarding the prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876296/ doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062062 id: cord-320455-doup2bqq author: Werion, Alexis title: SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Specific Dysfunction of the Kidney Proximal Tubule date: 2020-08-10 words: 2871.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320455-doup2bqq.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly associated with kidney damage, and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule cells. At the structural level, kidneys from patients with COVID-19 showed prominent tubular injury, including in the initial part of the proximal tubule, with brush border loss, acute tubular necrosis, intraluminal debris, and a marked decrease in the expression of megalin in the brush border. Thus, our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 causes specific manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction and provide novel insights into COVID-19 severity and outcome. The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor mediating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells, is expressed in the lung, heart, intestine and kidney, providing a rationale for the systemic manifestations of the disease [4] [5] [6] [7] . Human Kidney is a Target for Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly associated with kidney damage, and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule cells. Whether patients with COVID-19 present specific manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction remains unknown. To test this, we examined a cohort of 49 patients requiring hospitalization in a large academic hospital in Brussels, Belgium. There was evidence of proximal tubule dysfunction in a subset of patients with COVID-19, as attested by low-molecular-weight proteinuria (70-80%), neutral aminoaciduria (46%), and defective handling of uric acid (46%) or phosphate (19%). None of the patients had normoglycemic glucosuria. Proximal tubule dysfunction was independent of pre-existing comorbidities, glomerular proteinuria, nephrotoxic medications or viral load. At the structural level, kidneys from patients with COVID-19 showed prominent tubular injury, including in the initial part of the proximal tubule, with brush border loss, acute tubular necrosis, intraluminal debris, and a marked decrease in the expression of megalin in the brush border. Transmission electron microscopy identified particles resembling coronaviruses in vacuoles or cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in proximal tubule cells. Among features of proximal tubule dysfunction, hypouricemia with inappropriate uricosuria was independently associated with disease severity and with a significant increase in the risk of respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation using Cox (adjusted hazard ratio 6.2, 95% CI 1.9-20.1) or competing risks (adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio 12.1, 95% CI 2.7-55.4) survival models. Thus, our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 causes specific manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction and provide novel insights into COVID-19 severity and outcome. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0085253820309121 doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.019 id: cord-258885-ev2pvr3s author: Werth, Annette title: Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe date: 2020-10-22 words: 4842.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258885-ev2pvr3s.txt summary: With this methodology, energy load, generation and international transmission were studied for 16 European countries, for which data were available, to understand how Europe''s electric grid was affected by the epidemic. To understand and measure the impact of governmental restrictions on the electrical power system, at a country level, it is necessary to assess the data recorded during COVID-19 emergency against a counterfactual scenario where the epidemic did not occur. This procedure enabled a systematic determination of the interval of time to study how European countries modulated electrical energy generation, and transmission in order to balance for the reduced consumption. The non-renewable energy sources, such as nuclear and fossil (which includes gas, oil and coal) that typically cover the baseline load, were observed decreasing in generation for most countries, although yearly productions were quite variable (Fig. 5B,C) . abstract: When COVID-19 pandemic spread in Europe, governments imposed unprecedented confinement measures with mostly unknown repercussions on contemporary societies. In some cases, a considerable drop in energy consumption was observed, anticipating a scenario of sizable low-cost energy generation, from renewable sources, expected only for years later. In this paper, the impact of governmental restrictions on electrical load, generation and transmission was investigated in 16 European countries. Using the indices provided by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, precise restriction types were found to correlate with the load drop. Then the European grid was analysed to assess how the load drop was balanced by the change in generation and transmission patterns. The same restriction period from 2020 was compared to previous years, accounting for yearly variability with ad-hoc statistical technique. As a result, generation was found to be heavily impacted in most countries with significant load drop. Overall, generation from nuclear, and fossil coal and gas sources was reduced, in favour of renewables and, in some countries, fossil gas. Moreover, intermittent renewables generation increased in most countries without indicating an exceptional amount of curtailments. Finally, the European grid helped balance those changes with an increase in both energy exports and imports, with some net exporting countries becoming net importers, notably Germany, and vice versa. Together, these findings show the far reaching implications of the COVID-19 crisis, and contribute to the understanding and planning of higher renewables share scenarios, which will become more prevalent in the battle against climate change. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S030626192031480X doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116045 id: cord-312623-ktswh3fu author: Werthman-Ehrenreich, Amanda title: Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 1436.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312623-ktswh3fu.txt summary: title: Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 I describe a novel case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 33-year-old female who presented for altered mental status and proptosis. I describe a novel case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 33-year-old female who presented for altered mental status and proptosis. She was ultimately diagnosed with mucormycosis and orbital compartment syndrome, in addition to COVID-19. Herein I present a case of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in a patient who presented to the Emergency Department with altered mental status, proptosis, and COVID-19 infection. The most common clinical presentation of mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral infection, believed to be secondary to inhalation of spores into the paranasal sinuses of a susceptible host [1] . Seventy percent of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis cases have been found to be in patients with diabetes mellitus, most of whom had also developed ketoacidosis at the time of presentation. abstract: Abstract During the current pandemic of COVID-19, a myriad of manifestations and complications has emerged and are being reported on. We are discovering patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of acute cardiac injury, arrythmias, thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism and acute stroke), and secondary infection to name a few. I describe a novel case of COVID-19 in a previously healthy 33-year-old female who presented for altered mental status and proptosis. She was ultimately diagnosed with mucormycosis and orbital compartment syndrome, in addition to COVID-19. Early identification of these high morbidity conditions is key to allow for optimal treatment and improved outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972795/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.09.032 id: cord-347816-e2xkzps9 author: Wesemann, U. title: Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients date: 2020-08-14 words: 1163.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347816-e2xkzps9.txt summary: title: Influence of COVID-19 on general stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms among hospitalized high-risk patients To the Editor: A recently published study found a 96.2% prevalence rate for significant posttraumatic stress symptoms in quarantined patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (Bo et al., 2020) . Thereby, the rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in COVID-19 affected patients appear higher when compared to PTSD rates in the general population or in emergency service staff after terrorist attacks (11% to 25%; Berninger et al. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ''general stress'' and severe posttraumatic stress in patients who were hospitalized with the initial suspect of a COVID-19 infection. The second goal was to compare patients with and without definitive confirmation of a COVID-19 diagnosis for general stress and posttraumatic stress. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720003165 doi: 10.1017/s0033291720003165 id: cord-326600-wg1o85zq author: Westley, Suzanne title: Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-21 words: 814.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326600-wg1o85zq.txt summary: Dear Sir, We submit a letter outlining how at The Queen Victoria Hospital we have so far successfully protected a group of vulnerable plastic surgeons while enabling them to continue to make a valuable contribution to the work of the department, specifically the hand trauma team, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary aim of the new virtual hand trauma clinic was to allow patients to be triaged in a timely manner while adhering to social distancing guidelines by remotely accessing the clinic from home. Local assessment of our practice is ongoing but we have found that this model has enabled a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees to successfully continue to work whilst reducing the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and providing gold standard care for patients. Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32513640/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.029 id: cord-265506-fxus6n65 author: Westrupp, Elizabeth M. title: Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Survey (CPAS): A Longitudinal Study of Australian Parents of a Child 0–18 Years date: 2020-08-31 words: 6673.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265506-fxus6n65.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: (1) provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the emerging COVID-19 crisis in a close to representative sample of Australian parents and children (0–18 years), (2) identify adults and families most at risk of poor mental health outcomes, and (3) identify factors to target through clinical and public health intervention to reduce risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on parents and children in Australia; identify communities, parents, families, and children most at risk of poor outcomes; and identify potential factors to address in clinical and public health interventions to reduce risk. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant risks to the mental health and wellbeing of Australian families. Employment and economic uncertainty, chronic stress, anxiety, and social isolation are likely to have negative impacts on parent mental health, couple and family relationships, as well as child health and development. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: (1) provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the emerging COVID-19 crisis in a close to representative sample of Australian parents and children (0–18 years), (2) identify adults and families most at risk of poor mental health outcomes, and (3) identify factors to target through clinical and public health intervention to reduce risk. Specifically, this study will investigate the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased risk for parents’ mental health, lower well-being, loneliness, and alcohol use; parent-parent and parent-child relationships (both verbal and physical); and child and adolescent mental health problems. METHODS: The study aims to recruit a close to representative sample of at least 2,000 adults aged 18 years and over living in Australia who are parents of a child 0–4 years (early childhood, N = 400), 5–12 years (primary school N = 800), and 13–18 years (secondary school, N = 800). The design will be a longitudinal cohort study using an online recruitment methodology. Participants will be invited to complete an online baseline self-report survey (20 min) followed by a series of shorter online surveys (10 min) scheduled every 2 weeks for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., estimated to be 14 surveys over 6 months). RESULTS: The study will employ post stratification weights to address differences between the final sample and the national population in geographic communities across Australia. Associations will be analyzed using multilevel modeling with time-variant and time-invariant predictors of change in trajectory over the testing period. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide timely information on the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on parents and children in Australia; identify communities, parents, families, and children most at risk of poor outcomes; and identify potential factors to address in clinical and public health interventions to reduce risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110413/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555750 id: cord-354421-tqv2y7ey author: Wetzler, H. P. title: New Insights on Excess Deaths and COVID-19 date: 2020-07-27 words: 1035.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354421-tqv2y7ey.txt summary: Background: Weinberger and colleagues estimated that 27,065 of the 122,300 excess deaths in the United States between March 1 and May 30, 2020 did not have a COVID-19 cause of death. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) post weekly data on mortality for 13 causes of death from the most prevalent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was listed as a cause of death. Weinberger and colleagues estimated that 27,065 of the 122,300 excess deaths between March 1 and May 30, 2020 in the United States (US) did not have a COVID-19 cause of death. 1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) post weekly data on mortality for 13 causes of death from the most prevalent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was listed as a cause of death. abstract: Background: Weinberger and colleagues estimated that 27,065 of the 122,300 excess deaths in the United States between March 1 and May 30, 2020 did not have a COVID-19 cause of death. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) post weekly data on mortality for 13 causes of death from the most prevalent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was listed as a cause of death. The 2015-2019 data for weeks 10 through 22 were used to forecast the number of deaths from the 13 causes in the absence of COVID-19 during 2020. The forecast was subtracted from the observed number of deaths for each cause during the period March 1 to May 30, 2020. Results: The total of the differences for each of the 13 causes of death, 18,489 deaths, accounts for over two-thirds of the 27,065 excess deaths not due to COVID-19. Conclusion: Combining the 95,235 reported COVID-19 deaths with the 18,489 from the 13 most frequent comorbid conditions reported on death certificates where COVID-19 was a cause suggests that as many as 93% of the excess deaths were due to COVID-19 and implies that COVID-19 deaths were undercounted. Ongoing assessment of excess deaths and causes of death is needed to provide a better understanding of the pandemics dynamics. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.24.20051508v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20051508 id: cord-344653-to7571tw author: Whatley, Mary C. title: Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-16 words: 4988.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344653-to7571tw.txt summary: In the current studies, we examined mood, expectations regarding aging, coronavirus attitudes, and loneliness in younger and older adults. Eighty-six older adults who completed the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) and Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) between January 2018 and December 2019 (Time 1) were contacted to participate. In Study 1, we found that overall, our sample of older adults was maintaining positive mood and expectations about aging during the COVID-19 pandemic, but that they reported more negative arousal. In Study 2, we attempted to replicate findings from Study 1 regarding loneliness, COVID-19 attitudes, mood, and expectations regarding aging in a larger sample of older adults. We also examined age-related differences in mood, expectations about aging, loneliness, and attitudes toward COVID-19 in a national sample of older and younger adults. Pearson''s correlations were conducted within each age group to examine associations between overall ERA score, BMIS pleasant-unpleasant mood, COVID-19 score, loneliness rating, and relevant demographic factors like age, gender, education, income, and overall health. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has broadly impacted our daily lives. Here, we used a longitudinal approach to investigate older adults’ mood and expectations regarding aging before and during the global pandemic (Study 1). We also examined age differences in mood, expectations regarding aging, COVID-19 attitudes, and loneliness using a cross-sectional approach (Study 2). In Study 1, older adults completed a mood and expectations regarding aging survey up to 2 years prior to the pandemic and again in April, 2020 (during the pandemic). Participants also completed surveys regarding COVID-19 attitudes and loneliness. In Study 2, a United States sample of younger and older adults completed these surveys during the pandemic. Older adults’ mood and expectations regarding aging remained fairly constant, and younger adults showed lower mood and expectations regarding aging than did older adults, despite older adults showing greater concern about COVID-19. Overall, we find that some older adults seem to be resilient with respect to their mood and expectations regarding aging. These findings reveal important preliminary implications for how older adults may be impacted as a result of lifestyle changes necessary for well-being and the well-being of society. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32984443/ doi: 10.1177/2333721420960259 id: cord-350185-xastx0qi author: Whembolua, Guy-Lucien title: Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo date: 2020-04-09 words: 1309.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350185-xastx0qi.txt summary: As the world collectively navigates how to face the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is crucial to highlight how low-income and post-conflict countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experiences COVID-19. More specifically, using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its agencies (i.e., the main regulator of public health in the country) prior to the announcement of the first reported COVID-19 case on March 10th 2020, one day before the World Health Organization declared the disease a pandemic [1] . The Relationships and Expectations domain considers elements that influence health behaviors and decisions such as perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that increased public mistrust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. According to the PEN-3 model, perception is defined as beliefs, knowledge or attitudes about COVID-19 and health agencies that impact public trust into the Congolese institutions [5] . abstract: Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that impacted public trust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. Future interventions designed to address the COVID-19 in the DRC should account for these socio-cultural factors. url: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.22606 doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.22606 id: cord-302684-r4ger87o author: Whisenant, Jennifer G. title: TERAVOLT: Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration date: 2020-05-16 words: 2009.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302684-r4ger87o.txt summary: Albeit with small numbers (n = 22), a publication from China suggested that lung cancer patients had the second-highest risk of developing severe and critical symptoms, ICU admission, and death behind hematological malignancies (Dai et al., 2020) . The goals of TERAVOLT are (1) to determine in patients with thoracic malignancies who develop COVID-19 the demographic, comorbidities, and anticancer therapies that place these patients most at risk for hospitalization and death; (2) to determine the clinical picture of patients with thoracic malignancies infected by SARS-CoV-2, a diagnosis made more difficult when the presentation of the illness is so similar to the daily symptoms endured by many of our patients; (3) to provide practitioners with real-time data on therapies that may impact survival to and (4) to evaluate long-term impacts on care and the delay in care to patients with both curable and incurable thoracic malignancies. abstract: Abstract Prior publications on small subsets of cancer patients infected with SARS CoV-2 have shown an increased risk of mortality compared to the general population. Furthermore, patients with thoracic malignancies are thought to be at particularly high risk given their older age, smoking habits, and pre-existing cardio-pulmonary comorbidities. For this reason, physicians around the world have formed TERAVOLT, a global consortium dedicated to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on patients with thoracic malignancies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1535610820302580?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.05.008 id: cord-321137-nxd8i7uh author: White, Michael D. title: Policing a Pandemic: Stay-at-Home Orders and What they Mean for the Police date: 2020-06-09 words: 5722.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321137-nxd8i7uh.txt summary: 2 Clearly, activities that are deemed criminal become the business of the police, and public officials in some jurisdictions have been adamant about enforcement of COVID-19 SaHOs/SiPOs. Maryland Governor Hogan stated the recent arrest of a violator sent a "great message" regarding his intent to enforce the order (Cummings, 2020, para. Second, unlike in other countries where police can respond to emergency legislation that empowers them to enforce lockdown orders aggressively (see Cave & Dahir, 2020) , enforcement of public health orders in the United States is complicated by the Fourth Amendment since that constitutional provision limits police authority to stop, question, frisk, or arrest people absent certain quanta of proof (White & Fradella, 2016) . Given the compelling governmental interest in limiting the spread of COVID-19, reasonable police actions to enforce SaHOs/SiPOs are likely constitutional under several theories, but only one of which likely adequately safeguards civil liberties after the pandemic ends. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered life globally during the first 4 months of 2020. Many countries, including the United States, responded to the pandemic by issuing stay-at-home orders/shelter-in-place orders (SaHOs/SiPOs) to their citizens. By April 2020, more than 90% of the U.S. population was subject to an order. SaHOs/SiPOs raise a number of complex issues for the police, ranging from concerns about infringement of constitutional rights to potential sanctions for violations of an order. This article delves into the issues surrounding SaHOs/SiPOs and highlights their complexity for the police. First, we examine the “why the police?” question, and point to key features of their role which make enforcement of SaHOs/SiPOs the proper business of the police. Second, we examine the relevant legal doctrines that can serve as the basis for police actions against violators of orders, most notably the special needs doctrine. Last, we offer police legitimacy as a lens for viewing the appropriateness of police responses to violators of SaHOs/SiPOs. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09538-0 doi: 10.1007/s12103-020-09538-0 id: cord-310115-uooszsta author: White, Ross G. title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and initial period of lockdown on the mental health and well-being of adults in the UK date: 2020-08-17 words: 1869.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310115-uooszsta.txt summary: Recruited over 2 weeks during the initial phase of lockdown, participants completed an online survey that included COVID-19-related questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the World Health Organization (Five) Well-Being Index and the Oxford Capabilities Questionnaire for Mental Health. 4 The current study, which is part of a programme of research aimed at tracking the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, investigated whether mental health, well-being and QoL outcomes in UK adults are associated with experiencing symptoms of COVID-19, being in a group vulnerable to COVID-19 (the question read ''I am classified as being in a vulnerable group in terms of COVID-19 (aged 70 or above, heart disease, lung disease, pregnant, etc)''), being categorised as an ''essential worker'', experiencing COVID-19-related isolation and local community interactions. Participants who agreed that people''s kindness toward others in their local area had increased since the COVID-19 outbreak (68.8%) had lower levels of depression symptoms (t(551) = 2.25, P = 0.025), and higher QoL (t(467) = −4.56, P < 0.001) and well-being (t(535) = −2.85, P = 0.005). abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being were assessed in a convenience sample of 600 UK adults, using a cross-sectional design. Recruited over 2 weeks during the initial phase of lockdown, participants completed an online survey that included COVID-19-related questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the World Health Organization (Five) Well-Being Index and the Oxford Capabilities Questionnaire for Mental Health. Self-isolating before lockdown, increased feelings of isolation since lockdown and having COVID-19-related livelihood concerns were associated with poorer mental health, well-being and quality of life. Perceiving increased kindness, community connectedness and being an essential worker were associated with better mental health and well-being outcomes. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.79 doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.79 id: cord-354720-fu19u2b0 author: White-Dzuro, Gabrielle title: Multisystem effects of COVID-19: a concise review for practitioners date: 2020-11-04 words: 5088.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354720-fu19u2b0.txt summary: It is important that clinicians managing critically ill COVID-19 patients be aware of the multisystem impact of the disease so that care can be focused on the prevention of end-organ injuries to potentially improve clinical outcomes. It is important that clinicians managing these critically ill patients be aware of the multisystem impact of the disease so that care can be focused on the prevention of end-organ injuries to potentially improve clinical outcomes. The indirect effects of the virus result from the host''s response to the viral infection, and are associated with a cytokine storm characterized by very high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukins, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and chemokines [9] . include direct viral damage of nervous tissue, injury resulting from the excessive inflammatory response, unintended host immune response effects after the acute infection (e.g., Guillain-Barré syndrome as reported in a case series of four patients [24] ), and injury resulting from the effects of systemic illness. abstract: While COVID-19 has primarily been characterized by the respiratory impact of viral pneumonia, it affects every organ system and carries a high consequent risk of death in critically ill patients. Higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores have been associated with increased mortality in patients critically ill patients with COVID-19. It is important that clinicians managing critically ill COVID-19 patients be aware of the multisystem impact of the disease so that care can be focused on the prevention of end-organ injuries to potentially improve clinical outcomes. We review the multisystem complications of COVID-19 and associated treatment strategies to improve the care of critically ill COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32921198/ doi: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1823094 id: cord-257447-lwz5k0r8 author: Whitehead, Brenda R title: COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults date: 2020-09-04 words: 3144.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257447-lwz5k0r8.txt summary: Based on the stress and coping framework, PS is expected to mediate the association between COVID-19 expectations and NA METHOD: 714 residents of the US and aged 60 and older completed an anonymous online survey in late March 2020 reporting PS, NA, and expectations regarding the pandemic RESULTS: Regression analyses controlling for demographic factors revealed that more dire pandemic expectations significantly predicted PS and NA directly, and the effects on NA were significantly mediated by PS DISCUSSION: Findings provide evidence that expectations about a pandemic influence the extent to which older adults experience stress and NA in the midst of a pandemic event. In the event of additional COVID-19 waves, future pandemic events, or even other broad-scale stressors, understanding how event expectations are associated with older adults'' stress experience will permit clinicians and gerontologists to more effectively support clients in distress and limit its downstream health effects. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic is appraised as a stressor influences perceived stress and psychological well-being during the event. Here, the association of older adults’ expectations concerning the pandemic’s duration and impact with perceived stress (PS) and negative affect (NA) are investigated. Based on the stress and coping framework, PS is expected to mediate the association between COVID-19 expectations and NA METHOD: 714 residents of the US and aged 60 and older completed an anonymous online survey in late March 2020 reporting PS, NA, and expectations regarding the pandemic RESULTS: Regression analyses controlling for demographic factors revealed that more dire pandemic expectations significantly predicted PS and NA directly, and the effects on NA were significantly mediated by PS DISCUSSION: Findings provide evidence that expectations about a pandemic influence the extent to which older adults experience stress and NA in the midst of a pandemic event. Implications for mental health are discussed url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886773/ doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa153 id: cord-355146-6rat5j64 author: Whittemore, Paul title: Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis date: 2020-08-03 words: 1329.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355146-6rat5j64.txt summary: A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 high-dependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. He was successfully weaned off oxygen entirely without any requirement for non-invasive or invasive ventilation and made a recovery to be discharged home after an 18-day hospital stay. A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 highdependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. 1 We present a case of a 60-year-old man who developed extensive COVID-19 pneumonitis who was successfully managed with low-flow oxygen (up to 12 L/min given via a non-rebreather mask) and awake proning and was able to be discharged home. 2 Our case study highlights the potential for the use of awake proning in those patients who are not intubated, both as an adjunct to treatment with oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. abstract: A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 high-dependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. He was successfully weaned off oxygen entirely without any requirement for non-invasive or invasive ventilation and made a recovery to be discharged home after an 18-day hospital stay. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32747596/ doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236586 id: cord-299650-lhphdjeu author: Whittle, John title: Persistent hypermetabolism and longitudinal energy expenditure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: 1158.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299650-lhphdjeu.txt summary: Longitudinal IC data presented here demonstrate a progressive hypermetabolic phenotype beginning 1 week post-intubation in COVID-19 ICU patients, with significantly greater mREE versus predictive equations or ASPEN-recommended 11-14 kcal/kg ABW for obese subjects used currently to determine energy requirements. Our data support use of standard predictive equations or~20 kcal/kg as a reasonable approximation of mREE in 1st ICU week in COVID-19 patients. These data suggest personalization of nutrition delivery, including IC use [3, 5] , should be considered to provide more accurate assessments of energy expenditure and help guide nutrition delivery in COVID-19 ICU patients. Only the authors and investigators at Duke University participated in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03286-7 id: cord-330919-dep3v1pt author: Whyte, Claire S title: Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-23 words: 4254.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330919-dep3v1pt.txt summary: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires ventilation in critically ill patients. Tissue factor (TF) is exposed on damaged alveolar endothelial cells and on the surface of leukocytes promoting fibrin deposition, while significantly elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) from lung epithelium and endothelial cells create a hypofibrinolytic state. In severe cases, patients with COVID-19 develop a type of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and multiorgan failure. However, the principal fibrinolytic inhibitor described in the pathogenesis of ARDS is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which is known to be elevated in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ALI [11, 61] . Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) as a Novel Treatment for Refractory COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)? Activator (tPA) Treatment for COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Series abstract: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires ventilation in critically ill patients. The pathophysiology of ARDS results from acute inflammation within the alveolar space and prevention of normal gas exchange. The increase in proinflammatory cytokines within the lung leads to recruitment of leukocytes, further propagating the local inflammatory response. A consistent finding in ARDS is the deposition of fibrin in the air spaces and lung parenchyma. COVID‐19 patients show elevated D‐Dimers and fibrinogen. Fibrin deposits are found in the lungs of patients due to the dysregulation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Tissue factor (TF) is exposed on damaged alveolar endothelial cells and on the surface of leukocytes promoting fibrin deposition, while significantly elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) from lung epithelium and endothelial cells create a hypofibrinolytic state. Prophylaxis treatment of COVID‐19 patients with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is important to limit coagulopathy. However, to degrade pre‐existing fibrin in the lung it is essential to promote local fibrinolysis. In this review, we discuss the repurposing of fibrinolytic drugs, namely tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA), to treat COVID‐19 associated ARDS. tPA is an approved intravenous thrombolytic treatment, and the nebulizer form has been shown to be effective in plastic bronchitis and is currently in Phase II clinical trial. Nebulizer plasminogen activators may provide a targeted approach in COVID‐19 patients to degrade fibrin and improving oxygenation in critically ill patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14872 doi: 10.1111/jth.14872 id: cord-261471-3msk5ggc author: Whyte, Martin B. title: The contribution of diabetic micro-angiopathy to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 1175.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261471-3msk5ggc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261471-3msk5ggc.txt summary: Increasing evidence points to endothelial cell dysfunction as a key pathophysiological factor in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), manifested by platelet aggregation, microthrombi and altered vasomotor tone. Major risk groups identified for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 are diabetes, and those from the Black, Asian and ethnic minority (BAME) populations. Major risk groups identified for adverse outcomes in are diabetes, and those from the Black, Asian and ethnic minority (BAME) populations. In this article, we propose that pre-existing endothelial dysfunction of microangiopathy, more commonly evident in diabetes and BAME groups, makes an individual vulnerable to the subsequent ''endothelitis'' of COVID-19 infection. In this article, we propose that pre-existing endothelial dysfunction of microangiopathy, more commonly evident in diabetes and BAME groups, makes an individual vulnerable to the subsequent ''endothelitis'' of COVID-19 infection. [10; 20] Microvascular disease and endothelial dysfunction may underlie adverse outcomes in COVID-19 and may represent the pathophysiological key missing link that identifies susceptible populations and may require specific treatment. abstract: Increasing evidence points to endothelial cell dysfunction as a key pathophysiological factor in severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), manifested by platelet aggregation, microthrombi and altered vasomotor tone. This may be driven by direct endothelial cell entry by the virus, or indirectly by activated inflammatory cascade. Major risk groups identified for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 are diabetes, and those from the Black, Asian and ethnic minority (BAME) populations. Hyperglycaemia (expressed as glycated haemoglobin or mean hospital glucose) correlates with worse outcomes in COVID-19. It is not known whether hyperglycaemia is causative or is a surrogate marker - persistent hyperglycaemia is well known as an aetiological agent in microangiopathy. In this article, we propose that pre-existing endothelial dysfunction of microangiopathy, more commonly evident in diabetes and BAME groups, makes an individual vulnerable to the subsequent ‘endothelitis’ of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32451317/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108217 id: cord-333800-qqe331ok author: Whyte, Martin B. title: Pulmonary embolism in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 2691.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333800-qqe331ok.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of PE in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and the diagnostic yield of Computer Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) for PE. PATIENTS/METHODS: Retrospective review of single-centre data of all CTPA studies in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 identified from Electronic Patient Records (EPR). RESULTS: There were 1477 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 214 CTPA scans performed, of which n = 180 (84%) were requested outside of critical care. We therefore examined the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19, who underwent pulmonary imaging for possible thrombotic disease. Using the Electronic Patient Records (EPR; Allscripts Sunrise™, Chicago, Il), we collected data for vital signs (including the National Early Warning Score 2; NEWS2 [20] ), components of Wells score from the clinical notes (not the completed imaging request form), basic demographic data, laboratory values and imaging results (CTPA and venous ultrasonography, if performed). abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterised by dyspnoea and abnormal coagulation parameters, including raised D-dimer. Data suggests a high incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in ventilated patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of PE in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and the diagnostic yield of Computer Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) for PE. We also examined the utility of D-dimer and conventional pre-test probability for diagnosis of PE in COVID-19. PATIENTS/METHODS: Retrospective review of single-centre data of all CTPA studies in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 identified from Electronic Patient Records (EPR). RESULTS: There were 1477 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 214 CTPA scans performed, of which n = 180 (84%) were requested outside of critical care. The diagnostic yield for PE was 37%. The overall proportion of PE in patients with COVID-19 was 5.4%. The proportions with Wells score of ≥4 (‘PE likely’) was 33/134 (25%) without PE vs 20/80 (25%) with PE (P = 0.951). The median National Early Warning-2 (NEWS2) score (illness severity) was 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–9) in PE group vs 4 (IQR 2–7) in those without PE (P = 0.133). D-dimer was higher in PE (median 8000 ng/mL; IQR 4665–8000 ng/mL) than non-PE (2060 ng/mL, IQR 1210–4410 ng/mL, P < 0.001). In the ‘low probability’ group, D-dimer was higher (P < 0.001) in those with PE but had a limited role in excluding PE. CONCLUSIONS: Even outside of the critical care environment, PE in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 is common. Of note, approaching half of PE events were diagnosed on hospital admission. More data are needed to identify an optimal diagnostic pathway in patients with COVID-19. Randomised controlled trials of intensified thromboprophylaxis are urgently needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049384820303169?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.025 id: cord-262095-u3ns50lg author: Whyte, Richard I. title: Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 words: 408.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262095-u3ns50lg.txt summary: title: Validation of an Intellectual Framework for Prioritizing Time-Sensitive Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic In the recent article by Prachand and colleagues, 1 the authors pose a simple and practical way of prioritizing nonemergent surgical cases in the midst of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although prioritizing surgical cases is an everyday occurrence in non-COVID-19 times, the current crisis presents unusual constraints related to limited resources, viral exposure to both patients and staff, and a rapidly changing environment related to personal protective equipment, COVID-19 testing, and redeployment of hospital staff. In their manuscript, the authors separate factors related to surgical urgency into 3 domains: the procedure, the patient, and the underlying disease. In short, the authors propose a useful intellectual framework for prioritizing time-sensitive surgical procedures, yet while the simplicity of assigning numbers and using them as a definitive metric is attractive, such an approach requires validation before it can be used widely. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1072751520303446 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.024 id: cord-267124-8efdzlc0 author: Wichmann, Dominic title: Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-06 words: 4062.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267124-8efdzlc0.txt summary: In response to the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2, the authorities of the German federal state of Hamburg ordered mandatory autopsies in all patients dying with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During autopsy, tissue samples for histology were taken from the following organs: heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, brain, prostate and testes (in males), ovaries (in females), small bowel, saphenous vein, common carotid artery, pharynx, and muscle. In this autopsy study of 12 consecutive patients who died of COVID-19, we found a high incidence of deep venous thrombosis (58%). In studies that examined deceased patients with COVID-19 without relying on autopsy, no increased rates of pulmonary embolism were observed clinically. To our knowledge, only 3 case reports have been published on patients with COVID-19 who have undergone complete autopsy and a few more in which only lung tissue was examined (7, 8) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2), has caused more than 210 000 deaths worldwide. However, little is known about the causes of death and the virus's pathologic features. OBJECTIVE: To validate and compare clinical findings with data from medical autopsy, virtual autopsy, and virologic tests. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Autopsies performed at a single academic medical center, as mandated by the German federal state of Hamburg for patients dying with a polymerase chain reaction–confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. PATIENTS: The first 12 consecutive COVID-19–positive deaths. MEASUREMENTS: Complete autopsy, including postmortem computed tomography and histopathologic and virologic analysis, was performed. Clinical data and medical course were evaluated. Results: Median patient age was 73 years (range, 52 to 87 years), 75% of patients were male, and death occurred in the hospital (n = 10) or outpatient sector (n = 2). Coronary heart disease and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most common comorbid conditions (50% and 25%, respectively). Autopsy revealed deep venous thrombosis in 7 of 12 patients (58%) in whom venous thromboembolism was not suspected before death; pulmonary embolism was the direct cause of death in 4 patients. Postmortem computed tomography revealed reticular infiltration of the lungs with severe bilateral, dense consolidation, whereas histomorphologically diffuse alveolar damage was seen in 8 patients. In all patients, SARS–CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung at high concentrations; viremia in 6 of 10 and 5 of 12 patients demonstrated high viral RNA titers in the liver, kidney, or heart. LIMITATION: Limited sample size. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of thromboembolic events suggests an important role of COVID-19–induced coagulopathy. Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanism and overall clinical incidence of COVID-19–related death, as well as possible therapeutic interventions to reduce it. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32374815/ doi: 10.7326/m20-2003 id: cord-034517-ygiqrmbw author: Wieland, Mark L. title: Leveraging community engaged research partnerships for crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 3017.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034517-ygiqrmbw.txt summary: A risk communication framework was implemented by a community-engaged research (CEnR) partnership in Southeast Minnesota to address COVID-19 prevention, testing, and socioeconomic impacts. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a CEnR health partnership with vulnerable populations leveraging its social networks, credibility, and technical expertise to promote bidirectional crisis and emergency risk communication for the COVID-19 pandemic. Community and academic partners from Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (RHCP), a CEnR partnership with a 15-year history of participatory research with immigrant populations in Southeast Minnesota [9] , adopted the CDC Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication framework for co-creation of an intervention framework aimed at populations with limited English proficiency. This study describes the ways an existing CEnR partnership leveraged its credibility and trust with vulnerable populations for risk communication in the COVID-19 pandemic. By leveraging existing networks and credibility, CEnR partnerships may effectively implement crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Community engagement is important for reaching vulnerable populations in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A risk communication framework was implemented by a community-engaged research (CEnR) partnership in Southeast Minnesota to address COVID-19 prevention, testing, and socioeconomic impacts. Bidirectional communication between Communication Leaders and community members within their social networks was used by the partnership to refine messages, leverage resources, and advise policy makers. Over 14 days, messages were delivered by 24 Communication Leaders in 6 languages across 9 electronic platforms to 9882 individuals within their networks. CEnR partnerships may effectively implement crisis and emergency risk communication to vulnerable populations in a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605400/ doi: 10.1017/cts.2020.47 id: cord-276014-inv3hsbr author: Wijngaards, Indy title: Extraversion Moderates the Relationship Between the Stringency of COVID-19 Protective Measures and Depressive Symptoms date: 2020-10-02 words: 3759.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276014-inv3hsbr.txt summary: Drawing from pre-pandemic research, psychologists are proposing that extraversion-a personality trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness and high energy levels (John et al., 1991; Soto and John, 2017) -is one individual characteristic that could moderate the negative relationship between measure stringency and mental illness (e.g., Brogaard, 2020; Brooks and Moser, 2020; Smillie and Haslam, 2020; Steele, 2020) . In this study, drawing on publicly available survey data from over 90,000 respondents across 47 countries (Fetzer et al., 2020) , we therefore empirically test the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency and depressive symptoms. Second, even though our analytical strategy allowed us to take out individual-specific heterogeneity, and extraversion is a relatively stable personality trait (Damian et al., 2019) , the crosssectional nature of the survey data, collected in the early days of the pandemic, did not allow us to examine whether introverts'' and extraverts'' responses to the protective measures changed as the situation evolved. abstract: From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists are theorizing that, as compared to introverts, extraverts experience more profound negative social consequences from protective measures (e.g., travel restrictions and bans on public gatherings). As the empirical evidence for this claim is lacking, this study tested the hypothesis that extraversion moderates the relationship between the stringency of COVID-19 protective measures and depressive symptoms. Our results were based on survey data from 93,125 respondents collected in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 20–April 6, 2020) across 47 countries and publicly available data on measure stringency. Findings demonstrate that extraversion moderates the relationship between measure stringency in the early days of the pandemic and depressive symptoms. For introverts, measure stringency has a negative effect on depressive symptoms, while for extraverts, it has a positive, but non-significant effect on depressive symptoms. This study suggests that, although stringent measures generally help people to worry less and feel safer, the lifestyle associated with such measures feels more natural to introverts than to extraverts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33132977/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568907 id: cord-267494-186aztc3 author: Wilder-Smith, Annelies title: Lockdown to contain COVID-19 is a window of opportunity to prevent the second wave date: 2020-05-30 words: 1027.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267494-186aztc3.txt summary: These included early identification of cases by prompt laboratory testing, hospital or facility-based isolation of all cases 2 , rigorous contact tracing and meticulous follow-up of quarantined contacts, enhanced by artificial intelligence. New cases continued to increase exponentially before peaking on 12 Policy-makers are debating two strategies to reduce deaths and the demand on health care utilization 6 , in addition to considering major collateral damage to economic, society, mental health and other outcomes: (a) containment or suppression of COVID-19, which aims to reverse the rate of epidemic growth, thereby reducing new case numbers to low levels, and (b) mitigation, which focuses on slowing but not necessarily stopping epidemic spread -to reduce peak healthcare demand while protecting those most at risk of severe disease from infection. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa091 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa091 id: cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author: Wiley, Lindsay F title: Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-08 words: 8183.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt summary: To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments. abstract: In a crisis like the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of judges is first and foremost to adjudicate urgent requests for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions. This means that judges hearing challenges to bans on gatherings, orders to close gun shops, orders to halt abortion care, and detention of civil immigration detainees in crowded and unsanitary conditions are issuing orders based on the parties’ pleadings alone. There is no time—yet—for the discovery, expert testimony, or amicus briefs from professional groups that typically inform assessments of science by judges. This essay examines the role public health science is likely to play in the coming months as judges field challenges to mandatory orders adopted as part of the community mitigation the Covid-19 pandemic. It identifies voluntary guidelines from international and federal health agencies as a resource judges rely on heavily in reviewing emergency communicable disease control orders and argues that transparency of and accountability for guidelines should therefore be held to a higher bar than their voluntary status might otherwise suggest. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728464/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa019 id: cord-319899-nso0ob27 author: Wilke, Jan title: Restrictercise! Preferences Regarding Digital Home Training Programs during Confinements Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 words: 2261.0 sentences: 120.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319899-nso0ob27.txt summary: Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. Against this background, the present study examined the preferences towards digital home exercise programs in individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to ascertaining the general willingness to participate in related programs (yes/no), the optimal duration (free entry, min/week), training frequency (workouts per week; 1-2, 3-4, 4-6 or daily), and exercise types (flexibility, resistance, endurance, balance/stability, cognition, relaxation) were assessed. With regard to exercise types (Table 2) , older participants (≥40 years) were more likely to select flexibility and less likely to choose resistance, endurance, and cognitive training. Participants with high physical activity levels (meeting WHO PA recommendations) more often preferred resistance, endurance, and balance/stability training, but not other forms of exercise. In summary, a large portion of individuals affected by confinements related to the COVID-19 pandemic are interested in digital home exercise. abstract: Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38 ± 15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital home exercise programs in 14 countries affected by COVID-19. More than two-thirds of the sample (68.4%, n = 10,433) indicated being interested in home exercise, and most participants were willing to work out at least three times per week (89.3%, n = 9328). Binary logistic regression revealed that female sex, working part-time, younger age, and being registered in a gym were associated with willingness to exercise. Flexibility (71.1%, n = 7377), resistance (68.6%, n = 7116), and endurance training (62.4%, n = 6478) were the most preferred types of exercise. Our results may guide health providers in developing individually tailored PA interventions during the current and future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186515 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186515 id: cord-293440-qoo2t1wt author: Wilkinson, Tom title: ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-31 words: 1862.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293440-qoo2t1wt.txt summary: title: ACCORD: A Multicentre, Seamless, Phase 2 Adaptive Randomisation Platform Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Candidate Agents for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Hospitalised Patients: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial TRIAL DESIGN: ACCORD is a seamless, Phase 2, adaptive, randomised controlled platform study, designed to rapidly test candidate agents in the treatment of COVID-19. If Stage 1 provides evidence of efficacy and acceptable safety the candidate will enter Stage 2 where a total of approximately 126 patients will be recruited into each study arm sub-protocol. PARTICIPANTS: The study will include hospitalised adult patients (≥18 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19, that clinically meet Grades 3 (hospitalised – mild disease, no oxygen therapy), Grades 4 (hospitalised, oxygen by mask or nasal prongs) and 5 (hospitalised, non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen) of the WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 9-point category ordinal scale. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Stage 1: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of candidate agents as add-on therapies to standard of care (SoC) in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a screening stage. Stage 2: To confirm the efficacy of candidate agents selected on the basis of evidence from Stage 1 in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in an expansion stage. TRIAL DESIGN: ACCORD is a seamless, Phase 2, adaptive, randomised controlled platform study, designed to rapidly test candidate agents in the treatment of COVID-19. Designed as a master protocol with each candidate agent being included via its own sub-protocol, initially randomising equally between each candidate and a single contemporaneous SoC arm (which can adapt into 2:1). Candidate agents currently include bemcentinib, MEDI3506, acalabrutinib, zilucoplan and nebulised heparin. For each candidate a total of 60 patients will be recruited in Stage 1. If Stage 1 provides evidence of efficacy and acceptable safety the candidate will enter Stage 2 where a total of approximately 126 patients will be recruited into each study arm sub-protocol. Enrollees and outcomes will not be shared across the Stages; the endpoint, analysis and sample size for Stage 2 may be adjusted based on evidence from Stage 1. Additional arms may be added as new potential candidate agents are identified via candidate agent specific sub-protocols. PARTICIPANTS: The study will include hospitalised adult patients (≥18 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19, that clinically meet Grades 3 (hospitalised – mild disease, no oxygen therapy), Grades 4 (hospitalised, oxygen by mask or nasal prongs) and 5 (hospitalised, non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen) of the WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 9-point category ordinal scale. Participants will be recruited from England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Comparator is current standard of care (SoC) for the treatment of COVID-19. Current candidate experimental arms include bemcentinib, MEDI3506, acalabrutinib, zilucoplan and nebulised heparin with others to be added over time. Bemcentinib could potentially reduce viral infection and blocks SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; MEDI3506 is a clinic-ready anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody with the potential to treat respiratory failure caused by COVID; acalabrutinib is a BTK inhibitor which is anti-viral and anti-inflammatory; zilucoplan is a complement C5 inhibitor which may block the severe inflammatory response in COVID-19 and; nebulised heparin has been shown to bind with the spike protein. ACCORD is linked with the UK national COVID therapeutics task force to help prioritise candidate agents. MAIN OUTCOMES: Time to sustained clinical improvement of at least 2 points (from randomisation) on the WHO 9-point category ordinal scale, live discharge from the hospital, or considered fit for discharge (a score of 0, 1, or 2 on the ordinal scale), whichever comes first, by Day 29 (this will also define the “responder” for the response rate analyses). RANDOMISATION: An electronic randomization will be performed by Cenduit using Interactive Response Technology (IRT). Randomisation will be stratified by baseline severity grade. Randomisation will proceed with an equal allocation to each arm and a contemporaneous SoC arm (e.g. 1:1 if control and 1 experimental arm; 1:1:1 if two experimental candidate arms etc) but will be reviewed as the trial progresses and may be changed to 2:1 in favour of the candidate agents. BLINDING (MASKING): The trial is open label and no blinding is currently planned in the study. NUMBERS TO BE RANDOMISED (SAMPLE SIZE): This will be in the order of 60 patients per candidate agent for Stage 1, and 126 patients for Stage 2. However, sample size re-estimation may be considered after Stage 1. It is estimated that up to 1800 patients will participate in the overall study. TRIAL STATUS: Master protocol version ACCORD-2-001 - Master Protocol (Amendment 1) 22(nd) April 2020, the trial has full regulatory approval and recruitment is ongoing in the bemcentinib (first patient recruited 6/5/2020), MEDI3506 (first patient recruited 19/5/2020), acalabrutinib (first patient recruited 20/5/2020) and zilucoplan (first patient recruited 19/5/2020) candidates (and SoC). The recruitment dates of each arm will vary between candidate agents as they are added or dropped from the trial, but will have recruited and reported within a year. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT 2020-001736-95, registered 28(th) April 2020. FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol (Master Protocol with each of the candidate sub-protocols) is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32736596/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04584-9 id: cord-323980-rcyjthze author: Willems, Laurent M. title: SARS-CoV-2-related rapid reorganization of an epilepsy outpatient clinic from personal appointments to telemedicine services: A German single-center experience date: 2020-10-06 words: 4373.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323980-rcyjthze.txt summary: METHODS: Documentations of telephone contacts and telemedicine consultations at the Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main were recorded in detail between March and May 2020 and analyzed for acceptance, feasibility, and satisfaction of the conversion from personal to telemedicine appointments from both patients'' and medical professionals'' perspectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the acceptance, feasibility, and satisfaction of the SARS-CoV-2-related conversion from face-to-face to telemedicine appointments from the perspectives of both patients and medical professionals. General understanding and acceptance of cancelations of elective face-to-face ambulatory visits and of the option to have telemedicine consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany was high, especially in patients with very urgent or urgent appointment priority. abstract: INTRODUCTION: When the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Europe in 2020, a German governmental order forced clinics to immediately suspend elective care, causing a problem for patients with chronic illnesses such as epilepsy. Here, we report the experience of one clinic that converted its outpatient care from personal appointments to telemedicine services. METHODS: Documentations of telephone contacts and telemedicine consultations at the Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main were recorded in detail between March and May 2020 and analyzed for acceptance, feasibility, and satisfaction of the conversion from personal to telemedicine appointments from both patients' and medical professionals' perspectives. RESULTS: Telephone contacts for 272 patients (mean age: 38.7 years, range: 17–79 years, 55.5% female) were analyzed. Patient-rated medical needs were either very urgent (6.6%, n = 18), urgent (23.5%, n = 64), less urgent (29.8%, n = 81), or nonurgent (39.3%, n = 107). Outpatient service cancelations resulted in a lack of understanding (9.6%, n = 26) or anger and aggression (2.9%, n = 8) in a minority of patients, while 88.6% (n = 241) reacted with understanding, or relief (3.3%, n = 9). Telemedicine consultations rather than a postponed face-to-face visit were requested by 109 patients (40.1%), and these requests were significantly associated with subjective threat by SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.004), urgent or very urgent medical needs (p = 0.004), and female gender (p = 0.024). Telemedicine satisfaction by patients and physicians was high. Overall, 9.2% (n = 10) of patients reported general supply problems due to SARS-CoV-2, and 28.4% (n = 31) reported epilepsy-specific problems, most frequently related to prescriptions, or supply problems for antiseizure drugs (ASDs; 22.9%, n = 25). CONCLUSION: Understanding and acceptance of elective ambulatory visit cancelations and the conversion to telemedicine consultations was high during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. Patients who engaged in telemedicine consultations were highly satisfied, supporting the feasibility and potential of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33181898/ doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107483 id: cord-315424-i3nnennw author: Willer, Brittany L. title: The otolaryngologist’s and anesthesiologist’s collaborative role in a pandemic: a large quaternary pediatric center’s experience with COVID-19 preparation and simulation date: 2020-06-10 words: 2607.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315424-i3nnennw.txt summary: Because of the aerosolization inherent in airway management, the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist should be intimately familiar with strategies to mitigate the high-risk periods of viral contamination that are posed to the environment and healthcare personnel during tracheal intubation and extubation procedures. Since both the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist are directly involved in emergency airway interventions, both specialties impact the safety of caring for COVID-19 patients and are a part of overall hospital pandemic preparedness. The pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist will encounter the COVID-19 patient in a variety of clinical settings (perioperative/operative, intensive care unit, emergency department, and radiology suite) and situations (emergent airway management, urgent or emergent surgical intervention, diagnostic or interventional radiology, and critical care resuscitation). Because of the aerosolization inherent in airway management, the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist should be welleducated in and familiar with strategies to mitigate these high risk periods of viral contamination that are posed to the environment and healthcare personnel during endotracheal intubation and extubation procedures [9] . abstract: There has been a rapid global spread of a novel coronavirus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan China in late 2019. A serious threat of nosocomial spread exists and as such, there is a critical necessity for well-planned and rehearsed processes during the care of the COVID-19 positive and suspected patient to minimize transmission and risk to healthcare providers and other patients. Because of the aerosolization inherent in airway management, the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist should be intimately familiar with strategies to mitigate the high-risk periods of viral contamination that are posed to the environment and healthcare personnel during tracheal intubation and extubation procedures. Since both the pediatric otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist are directly involved in emergency airway interventions, both specialties impact the safety of caring for COVID-19 patients and are a part of overall hospital pandemic preparedness. We describe our institutional approach to COVID-19 perioperative pandemic planning at a large quaternary pediatric hospital including operating room management and remote airway management. We outline our processes for the safe and effective care of these patients with emphasis on simulation and pathways necessary to protect healthcare workers and other personnel from exposure while still providing safe, effective, and rapid care. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110174 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110174 id: cord-300236-mon1loph author: Williams, Bryan title: Hypertension, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19 date: 2020-05-14 words: 1239.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300236-mon1loph.txt summary: Two factors have contributed to this: first, the observation that hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities associated with severe cases of COVID-19 in patients who have been admitted to hospital and their risk of death; 1 and second, that like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via specific binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is ubiquitously expressed in the lung and other tissues. Thus, an interesting and potentially clinically important finding in the study by de Abajo and colleagues is that the use of RAAS inhibitors compared with other antihypertensive drugs almost halved the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 who had diabetes (adjusted OR 0·53, 95% CI 0·34-0·80). Nor does evidence exist to suggest that, once infected, the risk of admission to hospital due to COVID-19, progression to more severe complications, or death is increased with RAAS inhibitor use compared with treatment with other antihypertensive drugs. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31131-4 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31131-4 id: cord-322868-o3r0y6bz author: Williams, E. J. title: Routine measurement of serum procalcitonin allows antibiotics to be safely withheld in patients admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection. date: 2020-07-02 words: 2821.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322868-o3r0y6bz.txt summary: We retrospectively collected 28-day outcome data on patients admitted to Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK, between 5 March and 15 April 2020, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCT within 48 hours of diagnosis. We set out to evaluate whether PCT use had an impact on i) antibiotic usage and ii) outcomes in patients with confirmed COVID-19 at a large NHS Foundation Trust Hospital in the United Kingdom (UK). To investigate the relationship between PCT positivity and total DDD, antibiotic receipt at 48 hours post-diagnosis and meropenem prescription, linear and logistic regression models were explored adjusting for demographic confounders (age, sex, ethnicity and comorbidities). This observational study supports the hypothesis that implementation of a local guideline advising against the use of antibiotics for patients with confirmed COVID-19 and a PCT level Previous studies have demonstrated that procalcitonin-guided therapy in lower respiratory tract infections substantially reduces antibiotic use without compromising outcome [22] [23] [24] , including in the critically ill [25] . abstract: Background. It can be a diagnostic challenge to identify COVID-19 patients without bacterial co-infection in whom antibiotics can be safely stopped. We sought to evaluate the validity of a guideline that recommends withholding antibiotics in patients with a low serum procalcitonin (PCT). Methods. We retrospectively collected 28-day outcome data on patients admitted to Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK, between 5 March and 15 April 2020, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCT within 48 hours of diagnosis. PCT was considered negative if [≤]0.25ng/ml and positive if >0.25ng/ml. Primary outcomes included antibiotic consumption, mortality, intensive care admission and length of hospital stay. Results. 368 patients met the inclusion criteria; 218 (59%) had a negative PCT and 150 (41%) positive. At 48 hours post-diagnosis, 73 (33%) of those with a negative PCT were receiving antimicrobials compared to 126 (84%) with a positive PCT (p<0.001), with a corresponding reduction in antimicrobial usage over 28 days (median DDD of 3.0 vs 6.8 (p<0.001); median DOT 2 vs 5 days (p<0.001) between the negative and positive PCT groups.) In the negative PCT group, there were fewer deaths (62 (28%) vs. 54 (36%), (p=0.021)) and critical care admissions (19 (9%) vs. 28 (19%), (p=0.007)) than in the positive PCT group. Median length of hospital stay was 8.7 and 9 days in the negative and positive PCT groups respectively. Conclusions. Procalcitonin is a valuable tool in the assessment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, safely reducing the potential burden of unnecessary antibiotic usage. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.20136572 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.29.20136572 id: cord-330063-rigpx36k author: Williams, Owain Hedd title: Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL date: 2020-06-09 words: 1201.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330063-rigpx36k.txt summary: • Novel case report highlighting association of COVID-19 precipitating symptoms of CADASIL; • Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL; • Proposed mechanism is endothelial injury with microvascular thrombosis and cerebral dysautoregulation; • We advise to consider patients with CADASIL a vulnerable group during the pandemic. (1) An association between COVID-19 and strokes have been described with characteristics including large vessel occlusion, multi-territory infarcts, concomitant venous thromboembolism, raised inflammatory markers, antiphospholipid antibody production, younger age of stroke, premorbid vascular co-morbidities, and a higher incidence of stroke with increasing COVID-19 severity.(2-4) Small vessel involvement have rarely been described; our case demonstrates multiple internal border zone infarcts, which are subcortical lesions at the junction between two arterial territories, typically attributed to haemodynamic compromise. There is evidence of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in CADASIL, with a proposed mechanism being impairment in the myogenic component of autoregulation where vascular smooth muscle constricts or dilates to transmural pressure changes.(1) Internal border zone infarcts have been reported in nine patients with CADASIL; whereby six had documented systemic hypotension, one occurring with intercurrent Influenza A infection. abstract: • Novel case report highlighting association of COVID-19 precipitating symptoms of CADASIL; • Multiple internal border zone infarcts in a patient with COVID-19 and CADASIL; • Proposed mechanism is endothelial injury with microvascular thrombosis and cerebral dysautoregulation; • We advise to consider patients with CADASIL a vulnerable group during the pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022510X20303178 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116980 id: cord-336732-9zp5agja author: Williams, R. D. title: Seek COVER: Development and validation of a personalized risk calculator for COVID-19 outcomes in an international network date: 2020-05-27 words: 4923.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336732-9zp5agja.txt summary: Objective To develop and externally validate COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores that quantify a patient''s risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) in the 30-days following COVID-19 diagnosis. To develop and externally validate COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores that quantify a patient''s risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) in the 30-days following COVID-19 diagnosis. In this paper we aim to develop COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores to quantify a patient''s risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) due to COVID-19 using the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Patient-Level Prediction framework 17 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20112649 doi: medRxiv preprint For model development, we identified patients over 18 with a GP, ER, or OP visit with influenza or flu-like symptoms (e.g. fever and either cough, shortness of breath, myalgia, malaise, or fatigue), at least 365 days of prior observation, and no symptoms in the preceding 60 days. abstract: Abstract Importance COVID-19 is causing high mortality worldwide. Developing models to quantify the risk of poor outcomes in infected patients could help develop strategies to shield the most vulnerable during de-confinement. Objective To develop and externally validate COVID-19 Estimated Risk (COVER) scores that quantify a patient's risk of hospital admission (COVER-H), requiring intensive services (COVER-I), or fatality (COVER-F) in the 30-days following COVID-19 diagnosis. Design Multinational, distributed network cohorts. Setting We analyzed a federated network of electronic medical records and administrative claims data from 13 data sources and 6 countries, mapped to a common data model. Participants Model development used a patient population consisting of >2 million patients with a general practice (GP), emergency room (ER), or outpatient (OP) visit with diagnosed influenza or flu-like symptoms any time prior to 2020. The model was validated on patients with a GP, ER, or OP visit in 2020 with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 diagnosis across four databases from South Korea, Spain and the United States. Outcomes Age, sex, historical conditions, and drug use prior to index date were considered as candidate predictors. Outcomes included i) hospitalization with pneumonia, ii) hospitalization with pneumonia requiring intensive services or death, and iii) death in the 30 days after index date. Results Overall, 43,061 COVID-19 patients were included for model validation, after initial model development and validation using 6,869,127 patients with influenza or flu-like symptoms. We identified 7 predictors (history of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and kidney disease) which combined with age and sex could discriminate which patients would experience any of our three outcomes. The models achieved high performance in influenza. When transported to COVID-19 cohorts, the AUC ranges were, COVER-H: 0.73-0.81, COVER-I: 0.73-0.91, and COVER-F: 0.82-0.90. Calibration was overall acceptable, with overestimated risk in the most elderly and highest risk strata. Conclusions and relevance A 9-predictor model performs well for COVID-19 patients for predicting hospitalization, intensive services and death. The models could aid in providing reassurance for low risk patients and shield high risk patients from COVID-19 during de-confinement to reduce the virus' impact on morbidity and mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20112649 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.26.20112649 id: cord-029226-eagbwk7j author: Williamson, Brian title: Beyond COVID‐19 lockdown: A Coasean approach with optionality date: 2020-06-29 words: 2592.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029226-eagbwk7j.txt summary: While younger people are at greatly reduced risk from COVID-19, they are on the other hand likely to suffer some of the more severe impacts in terms of forgone education, employment, and social and longer-term opportunities from measures to increase physical distancing. The combination of low health risk for younger people from COVID-19 with disproportionately high economic and social costs from the current policy response suggests that a more targeted policy response is desirable. In this article, building on a blog post where the idea was first suggested (Williamson & Wilson, 2020) , what is proposed is a Coasean social contract that recognises the reciprocal nature of the problem of mitigating the risk of harm to health, welfare, and the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed approach could substantially reduce the economic and social cost of the COVID-19 policy response while limiting mortality and the risk of overloading the health-care system. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7361444/ doi: 10.1111/ecaf.12414 id: cord-268707-fip5e95c author: Williamson, Heather J title: Addressing the Needs of Rural Caregivers of Individuals With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias During and Beyond Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-09-04 words: 1444.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268707-fip5e95c.txt summary: Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation (Cho et al., 2016; Greenwood et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005) . Rural-residing ADRD caregivers living in northern Arizona have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with higher rates of COVID-19 than urban areas and with limited community resources (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020; Kaplan, 2020; Sanderson et al., 2017) . Caregivers in rural areas face unique challenges in accessing needed health and social services, while also having limited informal supports from family and friends due to geographic isolation. This "digital divide" experienced by older adults and rural providers is creating additional barriers for local AAA chapters to keep in touch with the aging family caregivers they are attempting to serve during COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/praa024 doi: 10.1093/ppar/praa024 id: cord-269826-l44xbgok author: Wills, Timothy T. title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report date: 2020-06-02 words: 1300.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269826-l44xbgok.txt summary: title: Utilization of an Orthopedic Hood as Personal Protective Equipment for Intubation of Coronavirus Patients: a Brief Technical Report Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. We describe in a brief technical report the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission during endotracheal intubation. The addition of an orthopedic hood covering to standard PPE may provide protection for health care workers during highrisk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has afflicted millions of people worldwide since its first case was reported in December 2019. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has been tailored accordingly, but as of April 2020, close to 10 000 health care workers in the United States have contracted COVID-19 despite wearing recommended PPE. As such, standard guidelines for PPE may be inadequate for the health care worker performing high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: The Coronavirus Airway Task Force at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center approved this initiative and went live with the full barrier suit during the last week of March 2020. The PPE described in this report includes a Stryker T4 Hood, normally used in conjunction with the Stryker Steri-Shield T4 Helmet. Instead of the helmet, the hood is secured to the head via a baseball cap and binder clip. This head covering apparatus is to be used as an accessory to other PPE items that include an N95 mask, waterproof gown, and disposable gloves. The motor ventilation system is not used in order to prevent airborne viral entry into the hood. DISCUSSION: An advantage of the full barrier suit is an additional layer of droplet protection during intubation. The most notable disadvantage is the absence of a ventilation system within the hood covering. CONCLUSION: Modification of existing PPE may provide protection for health care workers during high-risk aerosolizing procedures such as endotracheal intubation. Although the integration of this medical equipment meets the immediate needs of an escalating crisis, further innovation is on the horizon. More research is needed to confirm the safety of modified PPE. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459320930554 doi: 10.1177/2151459320930554 id: cord-317729-ruvx9zwd author: Wilson, Darius Cameron title: Adrenomedullin in COVID-19 induced endotheliitis date: 2020-07-09 words: 631.0 sentences: 36.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317729-ruvx9zwd.txt summary: Indeed, a recent study investigating gene upregulation in patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), characterised by plasma leakage into peripheral tissue and transient episodes of hypotensive shock and oedema, found that ADM was not only one of the most upregulated genes, but that subsequent application to endothelial cells resulted in a protective effect on vascular barrier function [3] . Furthermore, recent clinical studies on sepsis patients upon emergency department (ED) presentation and during intensive care (ICU) treatment using the stable protein surrogate, mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), found that its assessment could accurately identify disease progression in patients with nonsevere clinical signs and symptoms, safely increase outpatient treatment with decreased readmission rates and no subsequent mortalities [4] , and identify patients requiring a rapid administration of antibiotics or triage to the ICU [5] . Abbreviations ADM: Adrenomedullin; ED: Emergency department; ICU: Intensive care unit; MR-proADM: Mid-regional proadrenomedullin; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SCLS: Systemic capillary leak syndrome abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32646523/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03151-7 id: cord-321089-x85tg8g5 author: Wilson, Jacob M. title: Quantifying the Backlog of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Cases: Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 words: 3189.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321089-x85tg8g5.txt summary: QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To help strategize an effective return to elective orthopedic surgery, we aimed to quantify the volume of THA and TKA cases delayed across the USA and estimate the time required to care for these patients when non-urgent surgery resumes. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of delayed THA and TKA procedures resulting from COVID-19 related bans on elective surgery and to project the time it will require to catch up on care for delayed patients as hospitals resume elective procedures. This was defined as number of months needed to surgically manage patients who had surgery delayed by COVID-19, in addition to the baseline procedural volume that would have been expected without the occurrence of the pandemic. Our multi-scenario, adaptable model offers projections of the non-urgent THA and TKA surgical volume postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are two high-volume procedures that were delayed due to COVID-19. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To help strategize an effective return to elective orthopedic surgery, we aimed to quantify the volume of THA and TKA cases delayed across the USA and estimate the time required to care for these patients when non-urgent surgery resumes. METHODS: Population-level data was used to estimate monthly THA and TKA procedural volume from 2011 to 2017. Using linear regression, we used this data to project monthly procedural volumes for 2020 to 2023. Nine different permutations were modeled to account for variations in case delay rates (50%, 75%, 100%) and in resumption of non-urgent procedure timing. Two recovery pathways using the highest volume month as a surrogate for maximum operative capacity, and a second using the highest month + 20% were used to simulate a theoretical expansion of current capacity. RESULTS: The projected national volume of delayed cases was 155,293 (mid-March through April; 95% CI 142,004 to 168,580), 260,806 (through May; 95% CI 238,658 to 282,952), and 372,706 (through June; 95% CI 341,699 to 403,709). The best- and worst-case scenarios for delayed cases were 77,646 (95% CI 71,002 to 84,290) and 372,706 (95% CI 341,699 to 403,709), respectively. The projected catch-up time varied between 9 and nearly 35 months for the best- and worst-case scenarios. The addition of 20% increased productivity decreased this time to between 3.21 and 11.59 months. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a significant backlog of THA and TKA procedures. Surgeons, administrators, and policymakers should account for these modeled estimates of case volume delays and projected demands. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11420-020-09806-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-020-09806-z doi: 10.1007/s11420-020-09806-z id: cord-302304-wc40gouw author: Wilson, M.P. title: Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging date: 2020-05-01 words: 483.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302304-wc40gouw.txt summary: title: Potential implications of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related gastrointestinal symptoms for abdominal imaging The most frequently reported symptoms in a recent meta-analysis of 46,248 infected patients include fever (91%), cough (67%), fatigue (51%), and dyspnea (30%). 1 However, a recent review has demonstrated that gastrointestinal symptoms including anorexia (40e50%), diarrhea (2e50%), vomiting (4e67%), nausea (1e29%), abdominal pain (2e6%) and gastrointestinal bleeding (4e14%) may also occur in patients with COVID-19. 5 The rise in reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms related to COVID-19 has important potential implications for radiographers. Secondly, radiographers should be prepared that the number of requests for COVID-19 related abdominal imaging may increase. Abdominal organs with high concentrations of ACE2 expression may be theoretically vulnerable to COVID-19 related infections. At the present time, there are no known imaging reports of COVID-19 related inflammatory changes in these abdominal organs. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.016 doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.016 id: cord-317859-afvi0g0a author: Wilson, Mathew G title: Cardiorespiratory considerations for return-to-play in elite athletes after COVID-19 infection: a practical guide for sport and exercise medicine physicians date: 2020-09-02 words: 3535.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317859-afvi0g0a.txt summary: To support safe RTP, we provide sport and exercise medicine physicians with practical recommendations on how to exclude cardiorespiratory complications of COVID-19 in elite athletes who place high demand on their cardiorespiratory system. Overall, we recommend that any athletic individual that has been hospitalised with a radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and breathlessness undergoes specialist respiratory review prior to RTP, and this process is likely to involve the need for: (1) planned repeat imaging; (2) baseline physiological measures (including consideration of gas transfer measurement±lung volumes); and (3) the possible need for cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurement of oxygen saturation in selected cases with ongoing dyspnoea on exertion. 3. In those athletes who report COVID-19 related respiratory symptoms that are persistent and taking longer than 14 days to recover, we recommend a thorough assessment to exclude the presence of thromboembolic events, ongoing intrapulmonary pathology or cardiac injury. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has necessitated that all professional and elite sport is either suspended, postponed or cancelled altogether to minimise the risk of viral spread. As infection rates drop and quarantine restrictions are lifted, the question how athletes can safely resume competitive sport is being asked. Given the rapidly evolving knowledge base about the virus and changing governmental and public health recommendations, a precise answer to this question is fraught with complexity and nuance. Without robust data to inform policy, return-to-play (RTP) decisions are especially difficult for elite athletes on the suspicion that the COVID-19 virus could result in significant cardiorespiratory compromise in a minority of afflicted athletes. There are now consistent reports of athletes reporting persistent and residual symptoms many weeks to months after initial COVID-19 infection. These symptoms include cough, tachycardia and extreme fatigue. To support safe RTP, we provide sport and exercise medicine physicians with practical recommendations on how to exclude cardiorespiratory complications of COVID-19 in elite athletes who place high demand on their cardiorespiratory system. As new evidence emerges, guidance for a safe RTP should be updated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878870/ doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102710 id: cord-264052-uph136sn author: Wilson, Mitchell P title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature date: 2020-04-23 words: 2110.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264052-uph136sn.txt summary: title: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in neurology and neurosurgery: A scoping review of the early literature A search of MEDLINE, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Special Collections) from inception to April 7, 2020 was performed in order to identify articles evaluating both COVID-19 and neurology or neurosurgery. A total of 10 articles including 4 articles discussing clinical symptomatology and/or the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 (5-8) and 6 articles discussing recommendations for modified neurosurgical (9-11), stroke (12) , and spine (13) (14) practices during the COVID-19 crisis. Thus far, early experience and recommendations in neurosurgical (9) (10) (11) 33) , stroke (12) , and spine (13, 14) practices have been reported (Table 2) As an early scoping review of available literature to date, this study has certain limitations. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating respiratory illness that has dramatically changed the medical landscape around the world. In parallel with a rise in the number of cases globally, the COVID-19 literature has rapidly expanded with experts around the world disseminating knowledge and collaborating on best practices. To date, the literature has predominantly consisted of case reports, case series, and systemic protocols for dealing with this deadly disease from a plethora of specialties with larger observational and randomized studies only now starting to emerge. This scoping review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library aims to evaluate and summarize the current status of the COVID-19 literature at it applies to neurology and neurosurgery. Neurological symptomatology, neurological risk factors for poor prognosis, pathophysiology for neuroinvasion, and actions taken by neurological or neurosurgical services to manage the current COVID-19 crisis are reviewed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0303846720302092 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105866 id: cord-030192-ebsh62ll author: Winant, Abbey J. title: Thoracic Imaging Findings of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19: What Radiologists Need to Know Now date: 2020-07-30 words: 4301.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030192-ebsh62ll.txt summary: 12 Furthermore, emerging new evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents is associated with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome, frequently requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The United States CDC has presented the following case definition for a diagnosis of MIS-C associated with COVID-19, with pediatric patients required to meet all three of the following criteria: (1.) Individual under 21 years of age presenting with fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and evidence of clinically severe illness requiring hospitalization, with multisystem (≥2) organ involvement (cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, or neurologic); (2.) No alternative plausible diagnosis; (3.) Positive current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR, serology, or I n p r e s s antigen test; or COVID-19 exposure within four weeks prior to symptom onset. abstract: The COVID-19 global pandemic is an ongoing public health emergency, with over 4 million confirmed cases worldwide. Due to the novel nature of this coronavirus and our evolving understanding of its pathophysiology, there is continued uncertainty surrounding diagnosis and management of COVID-19, especially in pediatric patients. In addition, a new febrile hyperinflammatory Kawasaki-like syndrome (also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C) has emerged in pediatric patients with temporal association to COVID-19 infection. This review article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the clinical and imaging findings of pediatric MIS-C associated with COVID-19, compared with typical acute pediatric COVID-19 infection, with an emphasis on thoracic imaging findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397565/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200346 id: cord-348464-1c08mb2k author: Winter, Taylor title: Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs date: 2020-06-15 words: 3455.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348464-1c08mb2k.txt summary: Consistent with the earlier validation studies, the FCV-19S displayed a moderately strong relationship with the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales of the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVDS). With respect to the motivating role of fear, there was a significant relationship between FCV-19S scores and adherence to the lockdown rules that were implemented in New Zealand. Finally, consistent with recent reports on the politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic, an exploratory question found that participants who rated themselves as more conservative tended to report lower FCV-19S scores. The current study demonstrates that the English version of the COVID-19S is a sound unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties that can be used with confidence Also shown is the association between FCV-19S and adherence to each rule among English-speaking populations. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has many individuals around the world fearing for their lives. The constant news coverage, rapid transmission, and relatively high mortality rate, make fearfulness a natural response. To assess the fear of COVID-19, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed. The primary aim of the present study was to conduct the first psychometric assessment and validation of the English version of the FCV-19S. Two samples were collected in New Zealand. Sample 1 comprised 1624 participants of which 1397 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Sample 2 comprised 1111 participants of which 1023 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain the scale’s reliability and validity. Across both samples, the FCV-19S had high internal consistency. Consistent with the earlier validation studies, the FCV-19S displayed a moderately strong relationship with the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales of the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVDS). Furthermore, FCV-19S scores were negatively correlated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) scores. With respect to the motivating role of fear, there was a significant relationship between FCV-19S scores and adherence to the lockdown rules that were implemented in New Zealand. Finally, consistent with recent reports on the politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic, an exploratory question found that participants who rated themselves as more conservative tended to report lower FCV-19S scores. The English version of the COVID-19S is a sound unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties and can be used with confidence among English-speaking populations. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11469-020-00342-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00342-9 doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00342-9 id: cord-276711-y74zr7fn author: Winthrop, Kevin L title: To immunosuppress: whom, when and how? That is the question with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 2452.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276711-y74zr7fn.txt summary: 1 After a difficult March 2019 of high hospitalisation and death rates with COVID-19, on 1 April their institution started a standard protocol of treating patients with COVID-19 with high-dose methylprednisolone for 5-7 days during which time individuals not showing clinical improvement were also given the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor-blocking agent tocilizumab. An early observational report from China that used propensity methods to match steroid-treated COVID-19 cases to noncases suggested non-significant trends towards worse outcomes among those using 40-50 mg of methylprednisolone per day compared with those not using steroids. 19 Contrary to this study, an institutional cohort at the University of Michigan of patients with COVID-19 on mechanical ventilation suggested a strong survivor benefit for those using tocilizumab, as mortality was nearly halved, despite an increase in secondary bacterial infections. Their phase 2/3 adaptive trial first reported that in phase 2, sarilumab was not effective in patients with less severe COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, those not mechanically ventilated 27 ). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218694 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218694 id: cord-328826-guqc5866 author: Wissel, Benjamin D title: An Interactive Online Dashboard for Tracking COVID-19 in U.S. Counties, Cities, and States in Real Time date: 2020-04-25 words: 1806.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328826-guqc5866.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: This R Shiny application aggregates data from multiple resources that track COVID-19 and visualizes them through an interactive, online dashboard. It displays COVID-19 data from every county and 188 metropolitan areas in the U.S. Features include rankings of the worst affected areas and auto-generating plots that depict temporal changes in testing capacity, cases, and deaths. Our team developed a methodology to aggregate county-level COVID-19 data into metropolitan areas and display these data in an interactive dashboard that updates in real-time. To track the proportion of each area''s residents that became infected or died of COVID-19, we used the U.S. Census Bureau''s 2019 population estimate for each county to normalize data to tests, cases, and deaths per 10,000 residents. Users can view COVID-19 cases and deaths from The NYT at the county, city, state, or national level, and the total number of tests reported by the COVID Tracking Project, including the breakdown between positive and negative tests, is shown for each state. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To create an online resource that informs the public of COVID-19 outbreaks in their area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This R Shiny application aggregates data from multiple resources that track COVID-19 and visualizes them through an interactive, online dashboard. RESULTS: The web resource, called the COVID-19 Watcher, can be accessed at https://covid19watcher.research.cchmc.org/. It displays COVID-19 data from every county and 188 metropolitan areas in the U.S. Features include rankings of the worst affected areas and auto-generating plots that depict temporal changes in testing capacity, cases, and deaths. DISCUSSION: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do not publish COVID-19 data for local municipalities, so it is critical that academic resources fill this void so the public can stay informed. The data used have limitations and likely underestimate the scale of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 Watcher can provide the public with real-time updates of outbreaks in their area. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32333753/ doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa071 id: cord-332085-s58sd8e4 author: Wissmath, B. title: Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. date: 2020-05-16 words: 2058.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332085-s58sd8e4.txt summary: title: Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress. In particular, individuals who did not agree with the containment measures, as well as those who saw nothing positive in the crisis, experienced even higher levels of stress. To prevent stress, authorities should explain containment measures well, highlight positive aspects of the crisis, address worries, and facilitate support. Seeing positive aspects of the crisis, as well as agreement with the government''s containment strategy, are correlated, and both mitigate worries and boost perceived support. Highlighting positive aspects about the crisis and convincing people of the effectiveness and the necessity of containment measures may not only boost compliance, but also decrease stress, since individuals feel protected by the authorities and experience less worries. Understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures: an empirical model of stress abstract: Research suggests that epidemics and corresponding containment measures have negative consequences to the individual and cause stress. The psychological mechanisms that determine stress, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures, are not yet clear. In a survey during the lockdown in Switzerland (n=1565), we found substantially increased levels of stress in the population. In particular, individuals who did not agree with the containment measures, as well as those who saw nothing positive in the crisis, experienced even higher levels of stress. In contrast, individuals who are part of a risk group or who are working in healthcare or in essential shops experienced similar stress levels as the general public. We conducted a path analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms during lockdown. Experiencing fear of the disease is a key driver for being worried. Our model further shows that worries about the individual, social, and economic consequences of the crisis, strongly boost stress. The infection rate in the canton (i.e. state) of residence also contributes to stress. Positive thinking and perceived social, organizational, and governmental support mitigate worries and stress. To prevent stress, authorities should explain containment measures well, highlight positive aspects of the crisis, address worries, and facilitate support. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20100313 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.13.20100313 id: cord-318370-l2fdd4zt author: Wittayanakorn, Nunthasiri title: COVID-19’s Impact on Neurosurgical Training in Southeast Asia date: 2020-08-15 words: 3216.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318370-l2fdd4zt.txt summary: Methods We conducted an online survey among neurosurgery residents in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 22 to 31 May 2020 using Google Forms. In this study, we aimed to describe the COVID-19 pandemic''s impact on neurosurgical training in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The following data were collected: country of origin, residency training information (name of institution and year level), changes in neurosurgical department activities due to (emergency and elective surgeries, outpatient clinics, conferences, research activities), ongoing educational activities and availability of resources to support online learning, as well as information relevant to health worker safety (availability of personal protective equipment This is a survey on the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical training and education in Southeast Asia. During the pandemic, a higher percentage of neurosurgery residents from Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore continued to perform surgeries for brain tumors, spinal cord tumors, and degenerative diseases of the spine. abstract: ABSTRACT Objective Neurosurgery departments worldwide have been forced to restructure their training programs due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical training in Southeast Asia. Methods We conducted an online survey among neurosurgery residents in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 22 to 31 May 2020 using Google Forms. The 33-item questionnaire collected data on elective and emergency neurosurgical operations, ongoing learning activities, and health worker safety. Results A total of 298 out of 470 neurosurgery residents completed the survey, equivalent to a 63% response rate. The decrease in elective neurosurgical operations in Indonesia and in the Philippines (median=100% for both) was significantly greater compared with other countries (p <.001). For emergency operations, trainees in Indonesia and Malaysia had a significantly greater reduction in their caseload (median=80% and 70%, respectively) compared with trainees in Singapore and Thailand (median=20% and 50%, respectively, p <.001). Neurosurgery residents were most concerned about the decrease in their hands-on surgical experience, uncertainty in their career advancement, and occupational safety in the workplace. Most of the residents (221, 74%) believed that the COVID-19 crisis will have a negative impact on their neurosurgical training overall. Conclusions An effective national strategy to control COVID-19 is crucial to sustain neurosurgical training and to provide essential neurosurgical services. Training programs in Southeast Asia should consider developing online learning modules and setting up simulation laboratories, to allow trainees to systematically acquire knowledge and develop practical skills during these challenging times. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.073 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.073 id: cord-337813-r9okti1v author: Wiwanitkit, Viroj title: Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 words: 276.0 sentences: 26.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337813-r9okti1v.txt summary: key: cord-337813-r9okti1v title: Delay and Differential Diagnosis and Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 cord_uid: r9okti1v The letter "Beware of Time Delay and Differential Diagnosis when Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 in Surgical Cancer Patients" by Ghannam and Souadka 1 is very interesting. The authors conclude that "in low-risk COVID-19 urgent surgical procedures with an initial negative symptom screen, we recommend carrying out a new symptom screening before each patient movement." I agree with this suggestion. Symptomatic screening seems to be a poor screening tool because many patients can have no symptoms and transmit disease to medical personnel. The high cost of the polymerase chain reaction test might limit the use in some poor, developing countries. The most important consideration is the universal precautions practice for any patient undergoing an operation regardless of screening result. Beware of time delay and differential diagnosis when screening for symptoms of COVID-19 in surgical cancer patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.014 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.014 id: cord-324385-v8onclcc author: Woertz, Eckart title: Wither the self-sufficiency illusion? Food security in Arab Gulf States and the impact of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 2824.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324385-v8onclcc.txt summary: Food accessibility for vulnerable population segments such as migrant labour is another issue that requires yet further policy measures, such as safety nets – whose expansion would be politically controversial if not impossible, however. Neither domestic self-sufficiency nor self-sufficiency by proxy (i.e. farmland abroad) are the main challenges, rather the management of value chains, food diplomacy to ensure the functionality of multilateral frameworks, tackling malnutrition and its consequences (e.g. obesity) and ensuring food accessibility for vulnerable segments of the populationsuch as migrant labour and people with insecure residency statuses. This all means that the Gulf countries find themselves in a relatively privileged position: their global supplies of agricultural products are unlikely to dry up in the foreseeable future, while their modern food value chains that are dominated by supermarkets and capital-intensive processing plants are less vulnerable to COVID-19-related disruptions. abstract: Past approaches to food security in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were informed by concerns about food availability. They aimed at domestic self-sufficiency and self-sufficiency by proxy (via farmland investments abroad). These strategies have failed. Water scarcity at home increasingly compromises agricultural production. Farmland investments abroad have not matched ambitious related announcements due to a complex mixture of commercial, socio-economic and political factors. They do not contribute meaningful quantities to the Gulf countries’ food imports. The failure of such strategies has prompted a shift of focus instead towards value chain management as a means to secure food availability. Rather than trying to fight food import dependence, the Gulf countries now accept and manage it. However, malnutrition that leads to high levels of obesity and diabetes constitutes a risk factor in the face of COVID-19. Food accessibility for vulnerable population segments such as migrant labour is another issue that requires yet further policy measures, such as safety nets – whose expansion would be politically controversial if not impossible, however. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01081-4 doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01081-4 id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 words: 4493.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt summary: In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. abstract: BACKGROUND: The evolving outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is requiring social distancing and other measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been inconsistent and unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors among U.S. adults who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of age and comorbid conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey linked to 3 active clinical trials and 1 cohort study. SETTING: 5 academic internal medicine practices and 2 federally qualified health centers. PATIENTS: 630 adults aged 23 to 88 years living with 1 or more chronic conditions. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19. RESULTS: A fourth (24.6%) of participants were “very worried” about getting the coronavirus. Nearly a third could not correctly identify symptoms (28.3%) or ways to prevent infection (30.2%). One in 4 adults (24.6%) believed that they were “not at all likely” to get the virus, and 21.9% reported that COVID-19 had little or no effect on their daily routine. One in 10 respondents was very confident that the federal government could prevent a nationwide outbreak. In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. Those with low health literacy had greater confidence in the federal government response. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional study of adults with underlying health conditions in 1 city during the initial week of the COVID-19 U.S. outbreak. CONCLUSION: Many adults with comorbid conditions lacked critical knowledge about COVID-19 and, despite concern, were not changing routines or plans. Noted disparities suggest that greater public health efforts may be needed to mobilize the most vulnerable communities. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1239 doi: 10.7326/m20-1239 id: cord-287076-uxuff57y author: Wolfson, Julia A. title: Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults date: 2020-06-02 words: 4459.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287076-uxuff57y.txt summary: The short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are magnifying existing disparities and disproportionately affecting low-income, food-insecure households that already struggle to meet basic needs. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated social and economic response [10] (e.g., school closures, stay at home orders, business closures, and job losses) have the potential to dramatically increase food insecurity and its related health disparities among already at-risk populations. We designed a web-based (Qualtrics) survey to measure the initial effects of COVID-19 on low-income adults in the United States (US) in mid-March 2020, just as some states were beginning to implement school closures and "stay at home" orders. This study presents results from a national survey of low-income adults in the US in the days immediately following the first major policy steps to enforce COVID-19-related social distancing measures on a wide scale in the US. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased food insecurity in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to understand the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among low-income adults in the US as social distancing measures began to be implemented. On 19–24 March 2020 we fielded a national, web-based survey (53% response rate) among adults with <250% of the federal poverty line in the US (N = 1478). Measures included household food security status and COVID-19-related basic needs challenges. Overall, 36% of low-income adults in the US were food secure, 20% had marginal food security, and 44% were food insecure. Less than one in five (18.8%) of adults with very low food security reported being able to comply with public health recommendations to purchase two weeks of food at a time. For every basic needs challenge, food-insecure adults were significantly more likely to report facing that challenge, with a clear gradient effect based on severity of food security. The short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are magnifying existing disparities and disproportionately affecting low-income, food-insecure households that already struggle to meet basic needs. A robust, comprehensive policy response is needed to mitigate food insecurity as the pandemic progresses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32498323/ doi: 10.3390/nu12061648 id: cord-338145-al2m9lou author: Wolka, Eskinder title: Awareness Towards Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and Its Prevention Methods in Selected Sites in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Quick, Exploratory, Operational Assessment date: 2020-10-28 words: 4995.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338145-al2m9lou.txt summary: The government of Ethiopia has taken several measures such as shutting down of schools including universities, restricting the movement of people under a State of Emergency (stay at home), introducing chains of training programs for health workers, identifying isolation areas and hospitalization sites, starting screening tests at Bole International Airport and different engagement in mobilizing resources including equipment, supplies, food, money and educating the people about the disease and preventive methods, and so on. Hand washing, avoiding hand shaking, wearing masks and gloves, using sanitizer, physical distancing, general personal hygiene, holy water, consuming hot drinks, chili papers, garlic and ginger were identified as prevention methods of the disease by participants of in-depth interview. Participants noted challenges like consistent availability of water, affordability of materials used to keep hygiene for the rural poor, keeping physical distancing in funeral area and markets, lack of awareness (particularly in rural areas), difficulty of avoiding usual trend of greetings like hand shaking in rural areas, not obeying rules and instructions, misunderstanding on lifting of some of the restrictions like allowing motorbike movement, stigmatizing people with cough. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents an important and urgent threat to global health and its effect is expected to get even worse in the middle- and low-income countries where the health system is weak and fragile. Timely access to accurate information and public awareness on prevention methods is one of the feasible interventions in these countries. Identifying level of public awareness on disease prevention is important to mitigate the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the level of awareness and prevention methods of COVID-19 among residents in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A qualitative study using a qualitative descriptive approach was conducted. Community members engaged in different service sectors were selected purposively. A total of 22 in-depth interviews were done. The transcripts were imported into OpenCode version 4.02 software packages. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 95.5% of the participants had heard about the disease COVID-19 and realized common modes of transmission. Some participants linked the disease with resentment of God on people or anger of God towards human kind. Importance of consuming hot drinks, ginger or garlic to prevent the disease was reported by participants. Negative attitude towards quarantine and isolation centers and stigmatizing people with a cough were documented in this assessment. Stigma and fear of isolation centers may prevent people from reporting the symptom of the disease and this can create favorable ground for the transmission. Challenges like problem of consistent availability of water supply, affordability of materials used to keep hygiene by rural poor, and keeping physical distancing in different public gathering places were reported. CONCLUSION: Concerned bodies need to address gaps in public awareness by providing health education and continuous awareness creation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149710/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s266292 id: cord-327058-7cnuem33 author: Wong, Anna S. Y. title: Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: 2264.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327058-7cnuem33.txt summary: We analyse current research with respect to mental health, public health policy compliance, and the provision of care for vulnerable populations, and highlight how considerations of bonding, bridging, and linking capital can contribute to health systems strengthening in the context of the COVID-19 response and recovery effort. CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that considerations of social capital – including virtual community building, fostering solidarity between high-risk and low-risk groups, and trust building between decision-makers, healthcare workers, and the public – offer a powerful frame of reference for understanding how response and recovery programs can be best implemented to effectively ensure the inclusive provision of COVID-19 health services. As countries adopt urgent public health measures in response to the many challenges posed by COVID-19, lessons learned from public health intervention studies that link enhanced social capital with improved mental health outcomes, greater community buy-in, and the extension of health services to vulnerable populations suggest a critical role for social capital in ensuring a rapid adjustment to today''s new public health reality. abstract: BACKGROUND: As countries continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of ensuring that fair and equal access to healthcare for all is more urgent than ever. Policies that promote social capital building along all levels of society may offer an important avenue for improved healthcare delivery and health systems strengthening in the COVID-19 response. MAIN BODY: In reference to the established and emerging literature on social capital and health, we explore the role of social capital in the COVID-19 health policy response. We analyse current research with respect to mental health, public health policy compliance, and the provision of care for vulnerable populations, and highlight how considerations of bonding, bridging, and linking capital can contribute to health systems strengthening in the context of the COVID-19 response and recovery effort. CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that considerations of social capital – including virtual community building, fostering solidarity between high-risk and low-risk groups, and trust building between decision-makers, healthcare workers, and the public – offer a powerful frame of reference for understanding how response and recovery programs can be best implemented to effectively ensure the inclusive provision of COVID-19 health services. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00615-x doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00615-x id: cord-292952-z7ajsf2r author: Wong, Anselm title: COVID‐19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison date: 2020-05-12 words: 1425.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292952-z7ajsf2r.txt summary: One of the repercussions of promotion of medications/treatments prior to the results of large robust clinical trials being available is that people may start to self-medicate and potentially overdose. As emergency doctors, we need to be able to tease out the disease process of COVID-19 from potential side effects of trial medications or overdose of these. A small (n = 42), non-randomised open label trial showed decreased viral load in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (600 mg daily for 10 days) and azithromycin. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection and requiring oxygen: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has been increasingly spreading from its origin in Wuhan, China to many countries around the world eventuating in morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people. This pandemic has proven to be a challenge given that there is no immediate cure, no vaccine is currently available and medications or treatments being used are still undergoing clinical trials. There have already been examples of self‐medication and overdose. Clearly, there is a need to further define the efficacy of treatments used in the management of COVID‐19. This evidence needs to be backed by large randomised‐controlled clinical trials. In the meantime, there will no doubt be further off‐label use of these medications by patients and practitioners and possibly related toxicity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378805/ doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.13537 id: cord-303072-3whrbuq6 author: Wong, Fui Lin title: Disruption of paediatric orthopaedic hospital services due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a region with minimal COVID-19 illness date: 2020-08-01 words: 3539.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303072-3whrbuq6.txt summary: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric orthopaedic services in a paediatric tertiary hospital in South Australia. Conclusion Despite an overall decline in all paediatric orthopaedic hospital activity, the number of emergency admissions for musculoskeletal conditions did not change. In contrast to other developed countries with advanced healthcare systems, such as the USA and UK, Australia has seen rapid control of COVID-19 case numbers with minimal mortality rate, despite initiating lockdown and restricting non-urgent elective surgeries in a similar timeframe (Table 1) . Data were sourced for outpatient clinics attendance, ED presentations, musculoskeletal-related hospital admissions and surgeries performed within a six-week period between 16 March 2020 and 26 April 2020 (weeks 12 to 17 of 2020). All patients admitted to the hospital for paediatric orthopaedic surgery within the study period were identified and reviewed for: demographics, diagnosis, admission category (elective, emergency), type of surgical procedures and length of stay. abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric orthopaedic services in a paediatric tertiary hospital in South Australia. METHODS: A retrospective audit was conducted of orthopaedic activity at a major paediatric tertiary hospital with a Level 1 paediatric trauma centre, where no patients were admitted with COVID-19 illness. Orthopaedic Emergency Department (ED) presentations, outpatient clinics and hospital admissions for the period between 16 March 2020 to 26 April 2020 were studied and compared with the same period in 2019 (18 March 2019 to 28 April 2019). Chi-square tests were performed with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS: In total, 621 patients presented to the ED with orthopaedic complaints during the pandemic (versus 997 in 2019). However, there was minimal change in the number of ED presentations requiring admission (110 in 2020 versus 116 in 2019). Among patients discharged directly from ED, 27.3% received hospital outpatient referral (versus 39.1% in 2019), with the remaining patients referred to community health services or discharged directly. There was a 509.8% increase in telehealth (video and phone) outpatient consultations compared to 2019 and a 60.6% decline in face-to-face appointments. There was a total of 144 orthopaedic admissions (elective and emergency) compared to 184 in 2019. Admissions for children under seven remained unchanged (32.5% reduction in children aged seven and above). CONCLUSION: Despite an overall decline in all paediatric orthopaedic hospital activity, the number of emergency admissions for musculoskeletal conditions did not change. Elective surgery numbers for children aged under seven were also unchanged. Appropriate planning and hospital resources allocation are necessary to meet this service requirement in future pandemics. Level of evidence IV url: https://doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.14.200140 doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200140 id: cord-308680-moligska author: Wong, Justin title: Epidemiological Investigation of the First 135 COVID-19 Cases in Brunei: Implications for Surveillance, Control, and Travel Restrictions date: 2020-08-14 words: 4184.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308680-moligska.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308680-moligska.txt summary: We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. Here, we report findings from the first 135 COVID-19 cases, detected within the first 5 weeks of the local epidemic, along with their epidemiological, clinical, and transmission characteristics. In Hong Kong, case isolation and contact tracing were combined with other physical distancing measures (but no lockdown), which resulted in an estimated effective reproduction number near 1 for 8 weeks. abstract: Studies on the early introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in a naive population have important epidemic control implications. We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions. Epidemiological and clinical information was obtained for all confirmed COVID-19 cases, whose symptom onset was from March 9 to April 5, 2020. The basic reproduction number (R0), incubation period, and serial interval (SI) were calculated. Time-varying R was estimated to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Of the 135 cases detected, 53 (39.3%) were imported. The median age was 36 (range = 0.5–72) years. Forty-one (30.4%) and 13 (9.6%) were presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases, respectively. The median incubation period was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 5, range = 1–11), and the mean SI was 5.4 days (SD = 4.5; 95% CI: 4.3, 6.5). The reproduction number was between 3.9 and 6.0, and the doubling time was 1.3 days. The time-varying reproduction number (Rt) was below one (Rt = 0.91; 95% credible interval: 0.62, 1.32) by the 13th day of the epidemic. Epidemic control was achieved through a combination of public health measures, with emphasis on a test–isolate–trace approach supplemented by travel restrictions and moderate physical distancing measures but no actual lockdown. Regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups to supplement the existing surveillance program and a phased easing of physical distancing measures has helped maintain suppression of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brunei, as evidenced by the identification of only six additional cases from April 5 to August 5, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0771 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0771 id: cord-035443-mkba8f1e author: Wong, Leslie P. title: COVID-19 and Elder Health Inequity in Dialysis date: 2020-11-13 words: 622.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035443-mkba8f1e.txt summary: As the pandemic surfaced, dialysis facilities rapidly implemented new infection control protocols to screen, triage, and cohort patients based on symptoms and history of exposure to COVID-19. But the safety precautions dialysis facilities implement cannot be maintained reliably for many patients in LTC. Maintaining six-foot boundaries is nearly impossible in living quarters where rooms and bathrooms are often shared and distancing efforts are LTC facilities have been the target of much public scorn for their care during the pandemic, but in many respects were "sitting ducks" for COVID-19 (8, 10) . Caring for dialysis patients in a time of COVID-19 COVID-19 Infection Risk Among Hemodialysis Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities Long-Term Care Policy after Covid-19 -Solving the Nursing Home Crisis Uncovering the Devaluation of Nursing Home Staff During COVID-19: Are We Fuelling the Next Health Care Crisis? abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7661925/ doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.11.002 id: cord-336591-a31oe7kc author: Wong, Martin title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 words: 736.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt summary: We extracted the rate of increase in cumulative incidence for each country between 15 April to 30 April, 2020 from the COVID-19 data repository of the Johns Hopkins Centre for Systems Science and Engineering [3] . A linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between average stringency index and increase in incidence of COVID-19 cases as the outcome variable. The distribution of the Government response stringency index in various countries shows its increase over time (01 March, 2020 to 31, March 2020) [7] , probably due to the increase in incidence in this period. In multivariaable regression analysis of data in 139 countries (Table 1) , a higher stringency index was significantly associated with lower incidence increase between 15 The findings of this study showed that more stringent containment and control measures could potentially lead to better COVID-19 pandemic control. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304266 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.044 id: cord-287823-avi14ee5 author: Wong, Martin CS title: The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 1051.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt summary:  We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control  Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control  Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control Dear Editor, Worldwide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a substantial global burden. On the contrary, a recent study published in the Journal of Infection examined the association between country-specific global health security index (GHSI) and the burden of COVID-19, but the findings showed that countries with higher GHSI did not have higher COVID-19 rate and had greater number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. We aimed to evaluate if countries with lower vulnerability and higher coping capacity were associated with better control of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by incidence and mortality outcomes. From multivariate regression analysis ( Table 1) , countries with higher vulnerability were significantly associated with higher maximum 14-day cumulative incidence since the first case ( coefficient Our findings imply that reducing vulnerability and enhancing capacity to cope could potentially mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: • The European commission has developed an index for risk management named INFORM; • Two dimensions (vulnerability and lack of coping capacity) are relevant to COVID-19; • We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control; • Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control; • Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303376 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.060 id: cord-323363-mcmce24i author: Wong, Raymond L.M. title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward date: 2020-04-29 words: 733.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323363-mcmce24i.txt summary: However, we have featured an article entitled, "COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection" in the current issue of the Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (APJO). The American Academy of Ophthalmology also publishes daily updates on their web page, providing information regarding the disease, mode of transmission, updates on case numbers, and new findings: https://www.aao.org/headline/ d6e1ca3c-0c30-4b20-87e0-7668fa5bf906 4. The Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology through its official journal, APJO, has also established a "COVID-19: FAQs" to serve as a resource platform not just for issues related to the understanding and prevention of the disease, but also other things such as humanity, government policy, market response, art, and science of COVID-19: https://apjo-covid-faqs.org/ 5. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32349111/ doi: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000283 id: cord-312730-4ejjmab4 author: Wong, Rebecca S. Y. title: The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: an Epidemiological and Clinical Perspective date: 2020-09-29 words: 6475.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312730-4ejjmab4.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started with the detection of an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. In response to the rapidly growing number of confirmed cases and deaths, some measures taken by the Chinese authorities include the quarantine of millions of its citizens with the unprecedented lockdown of many cities, in an attempt to contain the virus and slow down the spread of the disease [3] . One study in China reported a young 22-year-old male who spread SARS-CoV-2 infection to his contacts (1 relative and 6 classmates, all of which were youngsters from 16 to 23 years) just after a few-hour contact during the incubation period, when he was totally asymptomatic [18] , suggesting that the disease is highly infectious during the incubation period. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started with the detection of an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. The disease caused by SAS-CoV-2 was subsequently named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a global health concern with more than 28.9 million confirmed cases, taking away the lives of more than 900,000 people worldwide. To prevent further spread of the disease, an understanding of the clinical characteristics and how the disease spread is essential, especially for an emerging disease like COVID-19. Individuals who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 show diverse clinical features, and the disease severity can range from asymptomatic to death. The disease has been shown to affect not just the respiratory system but also other systems of the body. This review will discuss the pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in general, as well as the clinical characteristics in different groups of patients such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, patients with comorbidities and those with a compromised immunity. It will also critically examine existing evidence from relevant studies and discuss the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from an epidemiological perspective. With the easing of control measures in many countries after months of lockdown, it is important to revisit the lessons learnt from research, as the world enters a new normal with the coexistence of SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015553/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00546-z id: cord-328455-kg2pg8y2 author: Wong, S.-C. title: Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-05-15 words: 573.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328455-kg2pg8y2.txt summary: Since the SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted via droplet and contact routes, hand hygiene with appropriate PPE are key infection control measures to protect HCWs. 2 We therefore expected hand hygiene compliance among our HCWs to increase further during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unexpected to observe relatively lower hand hygiene compliance among HCWs working in ward B, of which some of the beds are used for caring suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Hand hygiene among HCWs has become even more important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 6 especially with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission while presymptomatic or asymptomatic. Absence of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-pandemic phase in Hong Kong Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in two paediatric units before and during COVID-19 pandemic All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0195670120302474 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.05.016 id: cord-291851-xesef17i author: Wong, Yu-Jun title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the COVID-19 associated liver injury date: 2020-08-31 words: 4382.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291851-xesef17i.txt summary: Our meta-analysis aims to compare the risks and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 associated liver injury among adults with severe and non-severe COVID-19. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the risk and clinical outcome of COVID-19 associated liver injury between COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. In this meta-analysis, we included all studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) population: adult patients infected with the COVID-19, (2) reported outcome data on liver enzymes derangement (3) reported outcome data on the risk or severity of liver injury between severe and non-severe COVID-19. We extracted data on the demographic of study populations (age, gender, sample size, the proportion of subjects with baseline chronic liver disease and the use of Lopinavir/ritonavir) as well as the pattern of COVID-19 associated liver injury (ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin and GGT) from all included studies. and performed a meta-analysis on the severity and risk of COVID-19 associated liver injury in these patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 5 million people globally. Data on the prevalence and degree of COVID-19 associated liver injury among patients with COVID-19 remain limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and degree of liver injury between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library), from inception to 24(th) April 2020. We included all adult human studies (>20 subjects) regardless of language, region or publication date or status. We assessed the pooled odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Among 1543 citations, there were 24 studies (5961 subjects) which fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for elevated ALT (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.6-3.7, I(2) = 57%), AST (OR = 3.4, 95%CI: 2.3-5.0, I(2) = 56%), hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.5, I(2) = 0%) and hypoalbuminemia (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 2.1-24.1, I(2) = 71%) were higher subjects in critical COVID-19. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 associated liver injury is more common in severe COVID-19 than non-severe COVID-19. Physicians should be aware of possible progression to severe disease in subjects with COVID-19-associated liver injury. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1665268120301617 doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.08.064 id: cord-291661-hn1z0817 author: Wood, David A. title: Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology date: 2020-03-24 words: 1217.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291661-hn1z0817.txt summary: This document from the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology -Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d''intervention, specifically addresses the implications for the care of patients in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (CCL) in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. In summary, we believe the above framework and the recommendations in Table 1 will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. abstract: The globe is currently in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This pandemic has placed considerable stress on health care resources and providers. This document from the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology - Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'intervention, specifically addresses the implications for the care of patients in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (CCL) in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. The key principles of this document are to maintain essential interventional cardiovascular care while minimizing risks of COVID-19 to patients/staff and maintaining the overall healthcare resources. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, procedures will be increased or reduced based on the current level of restriction to health care services. While some consistency across the country is desirable, provincial and regional considerations will influence how these recommendations are implemented. We believe the framework and recommendations in this document will provide crucial guidance for clinicians and policy makers on the management of coronary and structural procedures in the CCL as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates and eventually abates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32299781/ doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.027 id: cord-332932-mq36xpai author: Wood, David A. title: Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from North American Society Leadership date: 2020-05-04 words: 1776.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332932-mq36xpai.txt summary: In this consensus report, we harmonize recommendations from North American cardiovascular societies and provide guidance on the safe reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostic tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed below, COVID-19 testing of potential patients and health care workers (HCW), as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), must also be carefully monitored to minimize the risk of shortages as the pandemic escalates and abates. 2) COVID-19 Screening: Encourage routine screening of all patients prior to any cardiovascular procedure or test to ensure the safety of HCWs. This testing may include nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva or rapid antibody tests and should be guided by local institutional infectious disease experts and closely coordinated with regional public health officials. It provides an ethical framework with appropriate safeguards for the gradual reintroduction of invasive cardiovascular procedures and diagnostics tests after the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735109720351652 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.063 id: cord-258725-z79gel8h author: Wood, R. title: Sharing a household with children and risk of COVID-19: a study of over 300,000 adults living in healthcare worker households in Scotland date: 2020-09-22 words: 5315.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258725-z79gel8h.txt summary: Methods Using a Scotland-wide record-linkage based occupational cohort comprising healthcare workers and members of their households, we examined whether sharing a household with young children (aged 0 to 11) attenuated the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19, and/or testing positive for COVID-19 infection of any severity (any case of Covid-19). Similar, but slightly stronger associations were found when the analysis was restricted to households where at least one member of staff had a patient-facing role (fully adjusted model, HR per child 0.83; 95% CI 0.68-1.02, Supplementary Table S3), a group with greater occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 than non-patient facing healthcare workers, although on formally testing for an interaction between patient facing and non-patient facing groups, the coefficient included the null, (P-value for interaction = 0.80). abstract: Background Children are relatively protected from novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The reasons for this protection are not well understood but differences in the immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been implicated. If such differences are due to differential exposure to non-SARS-CoV-2 infectious agents, adults who are close contacts of children may partly share in this protection. Such a protective effect would have important implications for the lives of children, not least in terms of schooling. Methods Using a Scotland-wide record-linkage based occupational cohort comprising healthcare workers and members of their households, we examined whether sharing a household with young children (aged 0 to 11) attenuated the risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19, and/or testing positive for COVID-19 infection of any severity (any case of Covid-19). All healthcare workers directly employed by the National health Service (NHS) in Scotland, or contracted to provide general practice services, were included. Outcome and covariate data were obtained via linkage to Scotland-wide microbiology, drug prescribing, hospitalisation and death data. Results 241,266 adults did not share a household with young children; 41,198, 23,783 and 3,850 shared a household with 1, 2 and 3 or more young children respectively. The risk of hospitalisation with COVID-19 was lower in those with one child and lower still in those with two or more children, adjusting for age the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.83 per child (95% CI 0.70-0.99). On additionally adjusting for sex, socioeconomic deprivation, occupation, professional role, staff/non-staff status, the number of adults and adolescents in each household, and comorbidity, the HR was 0.89 per child (95% CI 0.74-1.06). An association of the same magnitude, but more precisely estimated, was obtained for any case of COVID-19 (fully adjusted model, HR per child 0.89; 95% CI 0.84-0.95). Conclusion Increased household exposure to young children was associated with an attenuated risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and appeared to also be associated with an attenuated risk of COVID-19 disease severe enough to require hospitalisation. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.21.20196428v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.21.20196428 id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in author: Woods, Eric Taylor title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date: 2020-07-19 words: 10579.0 sentences: 481.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269958-nj0ub9in.txt summary: This is deepening as Taiwan gains substantial support from other democratic states, while China appears to be taking advantage of the health crisis to step up its naval and air force intrusions into the waters around the island and into the South China Sea. This growing linkage of the pandemic with the national security of the United States and China creates a context within which individuals in both countries are likely to be harassed as carriers of COVID-19, especially in the context of the rising populism that is highlighted by Miller-Idriss. abstract: In this article, several scholars of nationalism discuss the potential for the COVID‐19 pandemic to impact the development of nationalism and world politics. To structure the discussion, the contributors respond to three questions: (1) how should we understand the relationship between nationalism and COVID‐19; (2) will COVID‐19 fuel ethnic and nationalist conflict; and (3) will COVID‐19 reinforce or erode the nation‐state in the long run? The contributors formulated their responses to these questions near to the outset of the pandemic, amid intense uncertainty. This made it acutely difficult, if not impossible, to make predictions. Nevertheless, it was felt that a historically and theoretically informed discussion would shed light on the types of political processes that could be triggered by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In doing so, the aim is to help orient researchers and policy‐makers as they grapple with what has rapidly become the most urgent issue of our times. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12644 doi: 10.1111/nana.12644 id: cord-307512-70j4vn78 author: Worku, Elliott title: Provision of ECPR during COVID-19: evidence, equity, and ethical dilemmas date: 2020-07-27 words: 3965.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307512-70j4vn78.txt summary: The logistics of patient selection, expedient cannulation, healthcare worker safety, and post-resuscitation care must be weighed against the ethical considerations of providing an intervention of contentious benefit at a time when critical care resources are being overwhelmed by pandemic demand. The first is in-hospital cannulation, whereby patients suffering an IHCA or OHCA who fail to achieve ROSC with standard CCPR and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) may be cannulated for ECPR. b Expedient cannulation and establishment of extracorporeal perfusion is a requisite of an effective ECPR; for OHCA, this may occur: (i) on-scene cannulation by mobile ECMO practitioners and (ii) rapid retrieval to ECPR hospital recognising those patients who might benefit from ECPR, requirements for donning personal protective equipment (PPE), impaired ambulance response times, and lack of critical care resources, may preclude the use of ECPR even in those who would otherwise be eligible. abstract: The use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to restore circulation during cardiac arrest is a time-critical, resource-intensive intervention of unproven efficacy. The current COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional complexity and significant barriers to the ongoing provision and implementation of ECPR services. The logistics of patient selection, expedient cannulation, healthcare worker safety, and post-resuscitation care must be weighed against the ethical considerations of providing an intervention of contentious benefit at a time when critical care resources are being overwhelmed by pandemic demand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32718340/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03172-2 id: cord-316906-0x3j41ae author: Woznitza, N. title: COVID-19: A case series to support radiographer preliminary clinical evaluation date: 2020-04-11 words: 1025.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316906-0x3j41ae.txt summary: 5 The British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) have developed a clinical decision support tool to aid clinicians, radiographers and radiologists when managing patients where COVID-19 is within the differential diagnosis e the chest radiograph (CXR) forms the bedrock of this tool. 8 As radiographers are almost invariably the first practitioner to see the diagnostic image, it follows that radiographer PCE and triage for an immediate clinical report plays a vital role in identifying possible COVID-19 patients. Rapid radiographer PCE and triage will facilitate prompt reporting of the investigation, aid patient diagnosis and management decisions in a timely way. Mobile chest radiograph (Fig. 1) demonstrates classical findings associated with COVID-19 of bilateral, predominantly peripheral lower zone ground glass and interstitial opacification. b. Repeat chest radiograph day 5 with bilateral ground glass opacification in the lower zones (Classic/ Probable COVID-19) . c. Repeat chest radiograph day 7 with diffuse bilateral ground glass opacification (Classic/Probable COVID). abstract: The case series provides radiographers with essential information to preliminarily evaluate chest imaging and prompt the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. [Figure: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32291122/ doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.04.002 id: cord-320822-etibcspx author: Wright, Franklin L. title: Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlates to Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection date: 2020-05-15 words: 2420.0 sentences: 128.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320822-etibcspx.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolysis shutdown, as evidenced by elevated D-Dimer and complete failure of clot lysis at 30 minutes on thromboelastography, predicts thromboembolic events and need for hemodialysis in critically ill patients with COVID-19. While not significant, thrombotic stroke rate was also increased from 7% to 30% (p=0.274 In the trauma population, hypercoagulable TEG parameters predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) 2.4 -6.7 fold higher based on higher maximum amplitude (MA) parameters despite appropriate prophylactic anticoagulation [16] [17] [18] [19] . Elevated D-dimer levels were also associated with potential micro-thrombotic disease leading to Recently, acute fibrinolysis shutdown has been demonstrated in early sepsis and found to correlate to increased morbidity and mortality 32 . A TEG LY30 of 0% and a D-dimer of greater than 2600 ng/ml together suggest complete fibrinolysis shutdown and markedly elevated risk of renal failure, VTE, and thrombotic events. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predisposes patients to a prothrombotic state with demonstrated microvascular involvement. The degree of hypercoagulability appears to correlate with outcomes, however optimal criteria to assess for the highest risk patients for thrombotic events remain unclear; we hypothesized that deranged thromboelastography (TEG) measurements of coagulation would correlate with thromboembolic events. METHODS: Patients admitted to an intensive care unit with COVID-19 diagnoses that had TEG analyses performed were studied. Conventional coagulation assays, D-dimer levels, and viscoelastic parameters were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic curve to predict thromboembolic outcomes and new onset renal failure. RESULTS: Forty-four patients with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. Derangements in coagulation laboratory values including elevated D-Dimer, fibrinogen, PT, and PTT were confirmed; viscoelastic parameters showed an elevated maximum amplitude and low lysis at 30 minutes. A complete lack of lysis of clot at 30 minutes was seen in 57% of patients and predicted VTE with an AUROC of .742 (p=0.021). A D-Dimer cutoff of 2600 ng/ml predicted need for dialysis with an AUROC of .779 (p=0.005). Overall, patients with no lysis of clot at 30 minutes and a D-Dimer of greater than 2600 ng/ml had a rate of VTE of 50% compared to 0% for patients with neither risk factor (p=0.008) and had a hemodialysis rate of 80% compared to 14% (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolysis shutdown, as evidenced by elevated D-Dimer and complete failure of clot lysis at 30 minutes on thromboelastography, predicts thromboembolic events and need for hemodialysis in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Further clinical trials are required to ascertain the need for early therapeutic anticoagulation or fibrinolytic therapy to address this state of fibrinolysis shutdown. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1072751520304002 doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.007 id: cord-323616-53kksp5w author: Wright, L. title: What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults. date: 2020-10-21 words: 6774.0 sentences: 380.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323616-53kksp5w.txt summary: We find evidence that increased confidence in government to tackle the pandemic is longitudinally related to higher compliance, but little evidence that factors such as mental health and wellbeing, worries about future adversities, and social isolation and loneliness are related to changes in compliance. Therefore, in this paper we use data from a weekly panel of 51,600 adults across twelve weeks of lockdown in the UK (01 April -22 June) to explore which factors out of a wide range drawn from the literature cited above were associated with self-reported adherence to government guidelines to tackle COVID-19. Our study presents a substantial advance on previous research by exploiting the longitudinal structure of our data to test for reverse causality and to account for time-invariant heterogeneity across individuals, and by using Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) 42 to assess whether within-person changes in potential predictors of compliance are related to later changes in compliance, a question that is more consistent with a causal process 43 . abstract: In the absence of a vaccine, governments have focused on social distancing, self-isolation, and increased hygiene procedures to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Compliance with these measures requires voluntary cooperation from citizens. Yet, compliance is not complete, and existing studies provide limited understanding of what factors influence compliance; in particular modifiable factors. We use weekly panel data from 51,000 adults across the first three months of lockdown in the UK to identify factors that are related to compliance with COVID-19 guidelines. We find evidence that increased confidence in government to tackle the pandemic is longitudinally related to higher compliance, but little evidence that factors such as mental health and wellbeing, worries about future adversities, and social isolation and loneliness are related to changes in compliance. Our results suggest that to effectively manage the pandemic, governments should ensure that confidence is maintained, something which has not occurred in all countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.19.20215376 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.19.20215376 id: cord-326874-rdwvsm4s author: Wu, Chaomin title: Corticosteroid therapy for coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort study with propensity score analysis date: 2020-11-10 words: 4453.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326874-rdwvsm4s.txt summary: In Cox regression analysis using corticosteroid treatment as a time-varying variable, corticosteroid treatment was associated with a significant reduction in risk of in-hospital death within 60 days after adjusting for age, sex, SOFA score at hospital admission, propensity score of corticosteroid treatment, comorbidities, antiviral treatment, and respiratory supports (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21, 0.85; p = 0.0160). CONCLUSION: In this clinical practice setting, low-dose corticosteroid treatment was associated with reduced risk of in-hospital death within 60 days in COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS. However, there was comprehensive controversy on its efficacy [9, 10] , due to the results of observational studies that showed corticosteroid treatment was associated with increased mortality and nosocomial infections for influenza and delayed virus clearance for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [11] . In this observational study, prescription of low-to-moderate dose systemic corticosteroids was associated with lower risk of 60-day in-hospital death among COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS. abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of corticosteroid therapy on outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly controversial. We aimed to compare the risk of death between COVID-19-related ARDS patients with corticosteroid treatment and those without. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective observational study, patients with ARDS caused by COVID-19 between January 20, 2020, and February 24, 2020, were enrolled. The primary outcome was 60-day in-hospital death. The exposure was prescribed systemic corticosteroids or not. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 60-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 382 patients [60.7 ± 14.1 years old (mean ± SD), 61.3% males] were analyzed. The median of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was 2.0 (IQR 2.0–3.0). Of these cases, 94 (24.6%) patients had invasive mechanical ventilation. The number of patients received systemic corticosteroids was 226 (59.2%), and 156 (40.8%) received standard treatment. The maximum dose of corticosteroids was 80.0 (IQR 40.0–80.0) mg equivalent methylprednisolone per day, and duration of corticosteroid treatment was 7.0 (4.0–12.0) days in total. In Cox regression analysis using corticosteroid treatment as a time-varying variable, corticosteroid treatment was associated with a significant reduction in risk of in-hospital death within 60 days after adjusting for age, sex, SOFA score at hospital admission, propensity score of corticosteroid treatment, comorbidities, antiviral treatment, and respiratory supports (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.21, 0.85; p = 0.0160). Corticosteroids were not associated with delayed viral RNA clearance in our cohort. CONCLUSION: In this clinical practice setting, low-dose corticosteroid treatment was associated with reduced risk of in-hospital death within 60 days in COVID-19 patients who developed ARDS. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33172477/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03340-4 id: cord-332100-l3r7qxxm author: Wu, Chaomin title: Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID‐19 survivors in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-05 words: 1194.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332100-l3r7qxxm.txt summary: 4 However, few studies have reported the post-discharge follow-up status, especially the mental health status of COVID-19 survivors. As shown in Table 2 , survivors with post-discharge respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, or worry about infection to others had significantly increased incidence of anxiety (P < .05). Female, or survivors with post-discharge respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, worry about infection to others, or home quarantine lifestyle had significantly increased incidence of depression (P < .05). In this study, we conducted a post-discharge follow-up of COVID-19 survivors. We Chinese experts pointed out that SARS-CoV-2 RNA turning into positive in survivors is not equal to recurrence or re-infection. We found anxiety and depression are significantly associated with post-discharge residual symptoms, worry about recurrence, and worry about infection to others. In summary, about 10% of COVID-19 survivors develop anxiety or depression, because of post-discharge residual respiratory symptoms, worry about recurrence, and infection to others. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.52 doi: 10.1002/ctm2.52 id: cord-024613-yump76qu author: Wu, Chunxing title: Recommendations for control and prevention of infections for pediatric orthopedics during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 words: 3818.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024613-yump76qu.txt summary: Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares, for clinical practices of pediatric orthopedics according to the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2. Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares for pediatric orthopedics, pediatric surgery and others. reCommendAtion formAtion proCeSS Given the high demand of patients for medical treatment and the need to protect medical staff from infectious diseases, a recommendation working group "Recommendation Formulating Team for Pediatric Orthopedic Infection controls during the Epidemic''s Period of COVID-19" (including all authors) was formed to focus on relevant issues for protection of medical staff in pediatric surgery, pediatric orthopedics, infectious diseases department, anesthesiology department, and nursing department to hospital administrators. abstract: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and spread rapidly throughout the world. As of February 29, 2020, 79 389 cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and the outbreak is linked to 2838 deaths. The population is generally susceptible to the disease, and differences in incubation periods after infection exist among individuals. These two aspects of COVID-19 pose significant challenges to pediatric orthopedic diagnosis and treatment. As a dedicated center for managing pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Shanghai, our hospital has mobilized all branches and departments to undertake joint actions for scientific prevention and control, precise countermeasure and comprehensive anti-epidemic efforts. Combined with our experience, we have consulted the relevant national regulations and the latest research advances and have formulated the prevention and control measures of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgical cares, for clinical practices of pediatric orthopedics according to the physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2. It may serve as practical references and recommendations for managing SARS-CoV-2 infection in other pediatric specialties and in other hospitals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211102/ doi: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000124 id: cord-335859-k37jivp6 author: Wu, Daphne C. title: Predictors of self-reported symptoms and testing for COVID-19 in Canada using a nationally representative survey date: 2020-10-21 words: 3112.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335859-k37jivp6.txt summary: To understand the socio-demographic predictors of COVID symptoms, we conducted a logistic regression analysis where the outcome was self-reported symptoms suggestive of COVID infection which we defined in this study as the respondent reporting himself/herself and/or at least one member of the household having had a combination of fever (with or without hallucinations) and any of i) difficulty breathing/shortness of breath or ii) dry cough so severe that it disrupts sleep or iii) a loss of a sense of smell in the past month; and the explanatory variables were gender (male, female, or other), education level (high school and under, or some college/ university and higher), province, age, ethnicity (Indigenous, English and other European, or others), visible minority (defined as persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are nonwhite in race or colour) [6] , and number of household members. abstract: Random population-based surveys to estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are useful to understand distributions and predictors of the infection. In April 2020, the first-ever nationally representative survey in Canada polled 4,240 adults age 18 years and older about self-reported COVID experience in March, early in the epidemic. We examined the levels and predictors of COVID symptoms, defined as fever plus difficulty breathing/shortness of breath, dry cough so severe that it disrupts sleep, and/or loss of sense of smell; and testing for SARS-CoV-2 by respondents and/or household members. About 8% of Canadians reported that they and/or one or more household members experienced COVID symptoms. Symptoms were more common in younger than in older adults, and among visible minorities. Overall, only 3% of respondents and/or household members reported testing for SARS-CoV-2. Being tested was associated with having COVID symptoms, Indigenous identity, and living in Quebec. Periodic nationally representative surveys of symptoms, as well as SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, are required in many countries to understand the pandemic and prepare for the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240778 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240778 id: cord-334973-jemeyudi author: Wu, Dingye title: Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center date: 2020-07-22 words: 2429.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334973-jemeyudi.txt summary: title: Analysis of the lymphocyte count in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A retrospective study in a centralized treatment center Hospitalization days, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid positive days, minimal lymphocyte count, and occurrence time were collected and comparatively analyzed. In addition, a multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of diabetes on minimal lymphocyte count and its emergence time, patient''s hospitalization days, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days by adjusting for potential confounding factors including age; gender; BMI; SBP; DBP; and ALT, AST, and Cr levels. This single center, observational, retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 showed that, patients with T2DM have higher CRP, lower level and more rapid decline in lymphocyte count, and longer hospitalization time than those without T2DM. Our study found a decrease in lymphocyte count in patients with COVID-19, and the lower the lymphocyte count, the longer SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days and hospitalization days. abstract: Abstract Objective To investigate the characteristics of lymphocytes in type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospital in Wuxi, China from January 29 to March 15 were included in the study. Lymphocytes were measured and recorded at admission and during treatment. Hospitalization days, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid positive days, minimal lymphocyte count, and occurrence time were collected and comparatively analyzed. Correlations between minimal lymphocyte count and hospitalization days as well as SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days were analyzed. Results A total of 63 patients were included in the study, with 16 in the diabetic group and 47 in the non-diabetic group. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed lower minimal lymphocyte count (0.67 ± 0.36*109/L vs. 1.30 ± 0.54*109/L, adjusted P = 0.001), earlier occurrence of the minimal lymphocyte count (2.68 ± 2.33 days vs. 5.29 ± 4.95 days, adjusted P = 0.042), and longer hospitalization time (20.44 ± 5.24 days vs. 17.11 ± 4.78 days, adjusted P = 0.047) in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group. There was a negative correlation between minimal lymphocyte count and hospitalization days (R = -0.600, P < 0.05) as well as SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days (R = -0.420, P < 0.05). Conclusions The diabetic group with COVID-19 had lower lymphocyte count, reached the minimal count faster, and had longer hospital stays than the non-diabetic group. Hospitalization days and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive days were negatively correlated with the minimal lymphocyte count. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108340 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108340 id: cord-285897-ahysay2l author: Wu, Guangyao title: Development of a Clinical Decision Support System for Severity Risk Prediction and Triage of COVID-19 Patients at Hospital Admission: an International Multicenter Study date: 2020-07-02 words: 3803.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285897-ahysay2l.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine-learning model based on clinical features for severity risk assessment and triage for COVID-19 patients at hospital admission. CONCLUSION: The machine-learning model, nomogram, and online-calculator might be useful to access the onset of severe and critical illness among COVID-19 patients and triage at hospital admission. Therefore, our objective is to develop and validate a prognostic machine-learning model based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological variables of COVID-19 patients at hospital admission for severity risk assessment during hospitalization, and compare the performance with that of PSI as a representative clinical assessment method. This international multicenter study analyzed individually and in combination, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics for COVID-19 patients at hospital admission, to retrospectively develop and prospectively validate a prognostic model and tool to assess the severity of the illness, and its progression, and to compare these with PSI scoring. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally strained medical resources and caused significant mortality. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine-learning model based on clinical features for severity risk assessment and triage for COVID-19 patients at hospital admission. METHOD: 725 patients were used to train and validate the model including a retrospective cohort of 299 hospitalised COVID-19 patients at Wuhan, China, from December 23, 2019, to February 13, 2020, and five cohorts with 426 patients from eight centers in China, Italy, and Belgium, from February 20, 2020, to March 21, 2020. The main outcome was the onset of severe or critical illness during hospitalisation. Model performances were quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and metrics derived from the confusion-matrix. RESULTS: The median age was 50.0 years and 137 (45.8%) were men in the retrospective cohort. The median age was 62.0 years and 236 (55.4%) were men in five cohorts. The model was prospectively validated on five cohorts yielding AUCs ranging from 0.84 to 0.89, with accuracies ranging from 74.4% to 87.5%, sensitivities ranging from 75.0% to 96.9%, and specificities ranging from 57.5% to 88.0%, all of which performed better than the pneumonia severity index. The cut-off values of the low, medium, and high-risk probabilities were 0.21 and 0.80. The online-calculators can be found at www.covid19risk.ai. CONCLUSION: The machine-learning model, nomogram, and online-calculator might be useful to access the onset of severe and critical illness among COVID-19 patients and triage at hospital admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32616597/ doi: 10.1183/13993003.01104-2020 id: cord-299869-4yjyqjpe author: Wu, J. title: Systemic corticosteroids show no benefit in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-05-14 words: 2945.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299869-4yjyqjpe.txt summary: Background: Systemic corticosteroids are recommended by some treatment guidelines and used in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, though evidence supporting such use is limited. We performed multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (both inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with the risk of in-hospital mortality among severe and critical cases. For critical COVID-19 patients at admission, results were consistent with former analysis that corticosteroid use did not reduce in-hospital mortality. Two studies of patients with SARS and influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia showed that the use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with reduced mortality in critical patients [6, 8] . 11.20097709 doi: medRxiv preprint harm or benefit for the use of systemic corticosteroids in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Corticosteroid use showed no benefit in reducing in-hospital mortality either in severe or in critical COVID-19 cases. abstract: Background: Systemic corticosteroids are recommended by some treatment guidelines and used in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, though evidence supporting such use is limited. Methods: From December 26, 2019 to March 15, 2020, 1514 severe and 249 critical hospitalized COVID-19 patients were collected from two medical centers in Wuhan, China. We performed multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (both inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with the risk of in-hospital mortality among severe and critical cases. Results: Corticosteroids were administered in 531 (35.1%) severe and 159 (63.9%) critical patients. Compared to no corticosteroid use group, systemic corticosteroid use showed no benefit in reducing in-hospital mortality in both severe cases (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89, p=0.023), and critical cases (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98, p=0.028). In the time-varying Cox analysis that with time varying exposure, systemic corticosteroid use still showed no benefit in either population (for severe patients, HR=2.83, 95% CI: 1.72-4.64, p< 0.001; for critical patients, HR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.59-5.73, p=0.001). Baseline characteristics were matched after IPTW and PSM analysis. For severe COVID-19 patients at admission, corticosteroid use was not associated with improved outcome in either the IPTW analysis. For critical COVID-19 patients at admission, results were consistent with former analysis that corticosteroid use did not reduce in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Corticosteroid use showed no benefit in reducing in-hospital mortality for severe or critical cases. The routine use of systemic corticosteroids among severe and critical COVID-19 patients was not recommended. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20097709 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20097709 id: cord-307646-4m80o5yw author: Wu, Jianfeng title: Systemic corticosteroids and mortality in severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-03 words: 3203.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307646-4m80o5yw.txt summary: Multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) were used to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with risk of in-hospital mortality in severe and critical cases. Compared to non-corticosteroid group, systemic corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality in both severe cases (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89, p=0.023), and critical cases (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98, p=0.028). Two studies of patients with SARS and influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia showed that the use of systemic corticosteroids was associated with reduced mortality in critical patients (6, 8) . In the current study, we analysed the clinical data of 1514 severe and 249 critical COVID-19 cases from two medical centres in Wuhan city and investigated if the effects of systemic corticosteroids seen in Recovery trial were observed in the Wuhan dataset. abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic corticosteroids are now recommended in many treatment guidelines, though supporting evidence is limited to one randomised controlled clinical trial (RECOVERY). OBJECTIVE: To identify whether corticosteroids were beneficial to COVID-19 patients. METHODS: 1514 severe and 249 critical hospitalized COVID-19 patients from two medical centers in Wuhan, China. Multivariable Cox models, Cox model with time-varying exposure and propensity score analysis (inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM)) were used to estimate the association of corticosteroid use with risk of in-hospital mortality in severe and critical cases. RESULTS: Corticosteroids were administered in 531 (35.1%) severe and 159 (63.9%) critical patients. Compared to non-corticosteroid group, systemic corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality in both severe cases (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.08-2.89, p=0.023), and critical cases (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.08-3.98, p=0.028). Findings were similar in time-varying Cox analysis. For severe COVID-19 patients at admission, corticosteroid use was not associated with improved or harmful outcome in either PSM or IPTW analysis. For critical COVID-19 patients at admission, results were consistent with multivariable Cox model analysis. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroid use was not associated with beneficial effect in reducing in-hospital mortality for severe or critical cases in Wuhan. Absence of the beneficial effect in our study in contrast to that was observed in the RECOVERY clinical trial may be due to biases in observational data, in particular prescription by indication bias, differences in clinical characteristics of patients, choice of corticosteroid used, timing of initiation of treatment and duration of treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa627 doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa627 id: cord-319860-zouscolw author: Wu, Jianhua title: Place and causes of acute cardiovascular mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-28 words: 3867.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319860-zouscolw.txt summary: The greatest proportional increase of excess COVID-19-related acute CV death was due to pulmonary embolism (251, a proportional increase of 11%) followed by stroke (562, a proportional increase of 6%), acute coronary syndrome (318, a proportional increase of 5%), cardiac arrest (93, a proportional increase of 6%) and heart failure (273, a proportional increase of 4%) (figure 2, table 2). The most frequent causes of excess acute CV death in care homes and hospices were stroke (715, a proportional increase of 39%) and heart failure (227, a proportional increase of 25%), which compared with acute coronary syndrome (768, a proportional increase of 41%) and heart failure (734, a proportional increase of 33%) at home, and pulmonary embolism (155, a proportional increase of 13%) and cardiogenic shock (55, a proportional increase of 15%) in hospital ( figure 3, table 3 ). ► Our study of all adult deaths in England and Wales between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2020 has quantified the CV mortality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, be this related to contagion and/or the public response. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the place and causes of acute cardiovascular death during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of adult (age ≥18 years) acute cardiovascular deaths (n=5 87 225) in England and Wales, from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2020. The exposure was the COVID-19 pandemic (from onset of the first COVID-19 death in England, 2 March 2020). The main outcome was acute cardiovascular events directly contributing to death. RESULTS: After 2 March 2020, there were 28 969 acute cardiovascular deaths of which 5.1% related to COVID-19, and an excess acute cardiovascular mortality of 2085 (+8%). Deaths in the community accounted for nearly half of all deaths during this period. Death at home had the greatest excess acute cardiovascular deaths (2279, +35%), followed by deaths at care homes and hospices (1095, +32%) and in hospital (50, +0%). The most frequent cause of acute cardiovascular death during this period was stroke (10 318, 35.6%), followed by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (7 098, 24.5%), heart failure (6 770, 23.4%), pulmonary embolism (2 689, 9.3%) and cardiac arrest (1 328, 4.6%). The greatest cause of excess cardiovascular death in care homes and hospices was stroke (715, +39%), compared with ACS (768, +41%) at home and cardiogenic shock (55, +15%) in hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an inflation in acute cardiovascular deaths, nearly half of which occurred in the community and most did not relate to COVID-19 infection suggesting there were delays to seeking help or likely the result of undiagnosed COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32988988/ doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317912 id: cord-332944-yqhuh3gc author: Wu, Jianhua title: Patient response, treatments and mortality for acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-30 words: 3617.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332944-yqhuh3gc.txt summary: Over the three time periods, the median length of hospital stay changed from 3 to 2 to 3 days, and crude all-cause mortality at 30 days decreased from 10.2% pre lockdown to 7.7% in the decline phase and increased to 8.3% in the recovery phase (Supplement table 1, Figure 4) . The onset of social containmenta state of lockdownto reduce the spread of COVID19 infection has been associated with almost 50% decline in hospitalisations with AMI and a significantly higher early mortality for NSTEMI until the nadir of admissions, despite high levels of in-hospital care. What is more, the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled a natural experiment of the NHS AMI services in England indicating that for NSTEMI the duration of time to receive an invasive coronary strategy may be dramatically reduced when the ratio of staff and facilities to patients is increased. abstract: AIM: COVID-19 might have affected the care and outcomes of hospitalised acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic changed patient response, hospital treatment and mortality from AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Admission were classified as non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or STEMI at 99 hospitals in England through live feeding from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project between 1(st) January, 2019 and 22(nd) May, 2020. Time series plots were estimated using a 7-day simple moving average, adjusted for seasonality. From 23(rd) March, 2020 (UK lockdown) median daily hospitalisations decreased more for NSTEMI (69 to 35; IRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.47-0.54) than STEMI (35 to 25; IRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.80) to a nadir on 19th April, 2020. During lockdown, patients were younger (mean age 68.7 years vs. 66.9 years), less frequently diabetic (24.6% vs. 28.1%) or had cerebrovascular disease (7.0% vs. 8.6%). STEMI more frequently received primary PCI (81.8% vs 78.8%%), thrombolysis was negligible (0.5% vs. 0.3%), median admission-to-coronary angiography duration for NSTEMI decreased (26.2 vs. 64.0 hours), median duration of hospitalisation decreased (4 to 2 days), secondary prevention pharmacotherapy prescription remained unchanged (each >94.7%). Mortality at 30 days increased for NSTEMI (from 5.4% to 7.5%; OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.80), but decreased for STEMI (from 10.2% to 7.7%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: During COVID-19, there was a substantial decline in admissions with AMI. Those who presented to hospital were younger, less co-morbid and, for NSTEMI, had higher 30-day mortality. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa062 doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa062 id: cord-252050-e71b15vg author: Wu, Jie title: Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-31 words: 1150.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252050-e71b15vg.txt summary: a To ensure effective treatment of patients with COVID-19 admitted to these COVID-19 ark hospitals, a range of pharmacy services had to be provided, including formulation of a catalog of required drugs, medication supply chain management, storage of drugs, medication dispensing, and evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy. The outbreak of COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), 1 emerged in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, in December 2019. 5 As the local epidemic was getting worse, health officials recognized a problem: the growing number of patients with mild COVID-19, whose initial symptoms did not require admission to one of the city''s established acute care hospitals but who might spread the illness among family members if they continued to reside in the community. 7 The COVID-19 ark hospitals, typically housing a medical function unit, ward unit, and technical support unit, provided services ranging from clinical examination to emergency treatment and surgical intervention. Establishing and managing a temporary coronavirus disease 2019 specialty hospital in Wuhan, China abstract: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa160 doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa160 id: cord-315656-asvf4roo author: Wu, Junjiao title: Revisiting the Immune Balance Theory: A Neurological Insight Into the Epidemic of COVID-19 and Its Alike date: 2020-10-15 words: 5937.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315656-asvf4roo.txt summary: However, in the central nervous system (CNS), the activation of resident immune cells including microglia and astrocytes may lead to chronic immune imbalance, which underlies the potential long-term effects in synaptic changes and neuropsychiatric impairments. (II) Multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 is caused by the systemic acute immune responses, the cytokine storm, and unsurprisingly caused the brain inflammation and led to encephalitis. Apart from the direct infection of the brain, SARS-CoV-2 may cause neurological disorders indirectly by triggering an over-activated immune responses, characterized as cytokine storm. Although with exciting benefits, the inhibition of IL-6 pathway works mostly for severe cases, the long-term treatment strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 infection requires the rapid development of effective anti-viral drugs and, more importantly, vaccines. However, in addition to protective effects, microglia may also mediate hippocampal presynaptic membrane damage through complement system, resulting in long-term memory impairment and cognitive decline in patients with encephalitis, caused by coronavirus or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (69) . abstract: As the pandemic of COVID-19 is raging around the world, the mysteriousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus is being revealed by the concerted endeavors of scientists. Although fever and pneumonia are typical symptoms, COVID-19 patients exhibit multiple neurological complications. In this interim review, we will summarize the neurological manifestations and their potential causes in COVID-19. Similar to the other two fatal respiratory coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 also shows to be neuroinvasive that may spread from the periphery to brain, probably by the retrograde axonal transport. The invaded viruses may directly disrupt the complex neural circuits, and raise a chronic activation of immune responses. In another hand, multiple organ failure in severe COVID-19 is caused by the systemic acute immune responses, and unsurprisingly caused the brain inflammation and led to encephalitis. However, in the central nervous system (CNS), the activation of resident immune cells including microglia and astrocytes may lead to chronic immune imbalance, which underlies the potential long-term effects in synaptic changes and neuropsychiatric impairments. The neuroinvasive biology also provides a possible link with the Braak staging of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Although with considerable advances, the neurotropic potential and chronic neurological effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections merit further investigations. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.566680 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.566680 id: cord-197818-asd39zbj author: Wu, Kai title: Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection Before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-09 words: 5625.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-197818-asd39zbj.txt summary: In this review, magnetic biosensors'' application in virus and pathogen detection will be summarized and discussed based on the different working principle of the technologies. [69] The key take-away point here is that several experimental demonstrations of the magnetic assays for virus detection based on GMRs and the reported LOD indicate that GMR-based bioassay is one of the promising candidates for onsite, rapid, and sensitive detection of COVID-19. reported the volume-based MPS immunoassay platform utilizing the polyclonal antibodies induced cross-linking of MNPs for one-step, wash-free detection of H1N1 nucleoprotein molecules. In this section, we reviewed some representative works that use magnetic materials are auxiliary tools for high sensitivity virus and pathogen detections, as summarized in Table 3 . We reviewed the magnetic immunoassay literatures prior to COVID-19 and highlighted some promising tools for detecting pathogens as well as viruses with high specificity and sensitivity. Magnetic quantum dot based lateral flow assay biosensor for multiplex and sensitive detection of protein toxins in food samples abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a threat to the global healthcare system and economic security. As of July 2020, no specific drugs or vaccines are yet available for COVID-19, fast and accurate diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 is essential in slowing down the spread of COVID-19 and for efficient implementation of control and containment strategies. Magnetic immunoassay is a novel and emerging topic representing the frontiers of current biosensing and magnetics areas. The past decade has seen rapid growth in applying magnetic tools for biological and biomedical applications. Recent advances in magnetic materials and nanotechnologies have transformed current diagnostic methods to nanoscale and pushed the detection limit to early stage disease diagnosis. Herein, this review covers the literatures of magnetic immunoassay platforms for virus and pathogen detections, before COVID-19. We reviewed the popular magnetic immunoassay platforms including magnetoresistance (MR) sensors, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Magnetic Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostic kits are also reviewed aiming at developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as well as preventing future epidemics. In addition, other platforms that use magnetic materials as auxiliary tools for enhanced pathogen and virus detections are also covered. The goal of this review is to inform the researchers of diagnostic and surveillance platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and their performances. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.04809v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-282219-7kzbnymp author: Wu, Liu title: The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol date: 2020-06-05 words: 2455.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282219-7kzbnymp.txt summary: title: The effect of massage on the quality of life in patients recovering from COVID-19: A systematic review protocol Secondary outcomes were accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea) disappear rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), average hospitalization time, clinical curative effect, and improved quality of life. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of our study will provide evidence to judge whether massage is an effective intervention on the quality of life in patients recovering. [6] Coronaviruses (CoVs), mainly targeting human respiratory system, are responsible for health-threatening outbreaks including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome, and lastly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We will include articles related to massage therapy of patients recovering from COVID-19. This article will use the evidence quality rating method to evaluate the results obtained from this analysis. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide outbreak of covid-19, and as the number of patients increases, more and more patients are recovering. Massage is used as an alternative therapy. Currently, there are no relevant articles for systematic review. METHODS: We will search the randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture therapy and postoperative anorectal diseases from inception to January 2020. The following database is our focus area: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wan-Fang Database. All published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese related to massage for COVID-19 will be included. Primary outcome asthe influence of massage on the quality of life of convalescent patients. Secondary outcomes were accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea) disappear rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), average hospitalization time, clinical curative effect, and improved quality of life. RESULTS: The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of our study will provide evidence to judge whether massage is an effective intervention on the quality of life in patients recovering. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020181398 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502008/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020529 id: cord-318044-podm4mjd author: Wu, P. title: The Trans-omics Landscape of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-22 words: 4681.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318044-podm4mjd.txt summary: In addition to the above abundant structural lipid classes, 314 several bioactive lipids also changed significantly in the symptomatic groups, including 315 lysophosphatidylcholine (inhibiting endotoxin-induced release of late proinflammatory cytokine) (Yan et al., 2004) and lysophosphatidyliositol (an endogenous agonist for 317 GPR55 whose activation regulates several pro-inflammatory cytokines) Cancino et al., 2017), suggesting that lipidome changes that interfere with cell 319 membrane integrity and normal functions or disturb inflammatory and immune states 320 may play important and complex roles in COVID-19 disease development ( Figure S9) . However, comprehensive analysis of multi-omics data 379 within a large cohort remains lacking, especially for patients with various severity 380 grades, i.e., asymptomatic across the course of the disease to critically ill. Performance of Machine Learning Model to Predict COVID-19 Patient 1229 Severity of Asymptomatic, Mild, Severe and Critical using Multi-omics Data abstract: System-wide molecular characteristics of COVID-19, especially in those patients without comorbidities, have not been fully investigated. We compared extensive molecular profiles of blood samples from 231 COVID-19 patients, ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill, importantly excluding those with any comorbidities. Amongst the major findings, asymptomatic patients were characterized by highly activated anti-virus interferon, T/natural killer (NK) cell activation, and transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. However, given very abundant RNA binding proteins (RBPs), these cytokine mRNAs could be effectively destabilized hence preserving normal cytokine levels. In contrast, in critically ill patients, cytokine storm due to RBPs inhibition and tryptophan metabolites accumulation contributed to T/NK cell dysfunction. A machine-learning model was constructed which accurately stratified the COVID-19 severities based on their multi-omics features. Overall, our analysis provides insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and identifies targets for intervening in treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.17.20155150 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20155150 id: cord-354824-7fdcu2f0 author: Wu, Renyi title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 9652.0 sentences: 504.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354824-7fdcu2f0.txt summary: Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. This estimated 20% of patients developing more severe disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection are most likely due to genetics, epigenetics, and or other factors, with dampened innate immune response to fight the virus coupled with enhanced viral load leading to cytokine storm, severe inflammatory/oxidative stress response, and severe lung injury secondary to ARDS. Chloroquine can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent virus-cell fusion by interfering with glycosylation of ACE2 receptor and its binding with spike protein, suggesting that chloroquine treatment might be more effective in the early stage of infection, before COVID-19 reduces ACE2 expression and activity [30, 38, 39] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, doubleblinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) abstract: The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare systems in almost every country around the world. Currently, there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Current clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support. Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we will update and summarize the most common and plausible drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. These drugs and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, and oseltamivir), and supporting agents (Ascorbic acid, Azithromycin, Corticosteroids, Nitric oxide, IL-6 antagonists), among others. We hope that this review will provide useful and most updated therapeutic drugs to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19 patients until the approval of vaccines and specific drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7 id: cord-267438-8e7wxzel author: Wu, Vincent title: Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience date: 2020-04-27 words: 3474.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267438-8e7wxzel.txt summary: We outline key practice considerations for personal protective equipment (PPE), triaging and decision making for new referrals, ongoing surgical care, and follow-up practices from the perspective of two large cancer institutions with experiences in pandemic management. To protect health care providers, the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery has stated that airborne precautions should be taken for all aerosolizing procedures including, but not limited to, the use of N95 respirators, face shields or goggles, gloves, gowns, disposable medical caps, and shoe covers. 37, 38 From an adjuvant therapy perspective, both the radiation oncology and medical oncology services across Toronto hospitals are adapting their practices to help mitigate risk to head and neck patients with cancer in the wake of COVID-19. Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience abstract: The practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32338807/ doi: 10.1002/hed.26205 id: cord-297362-mhtvrn0c author: Wu, Xian-rui title: Practice Patterns of Colorectal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-11-05 words: 1495.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297362-mhtvrn0c.txt summary: L., R.P.K.) mainly consisted of 4 domains: surgeon''s expertise and setting, practice patterns of colorectal surgery, factors associated with decision making for colorectal surgery, and safety and protection concerns of patients and health care providers. Colorectal cancer was the main indication for elective or emergent colorectal surgery during the pandemic as reported by 237 (65.3%) surgeons. 10 Consistent with this reality, this study showed that the percentage of surgeons who operated on at least 7 cases per week previous to the pandemic dropped significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic began, with emergent colorectal surgeries being less likely to be affected than elective cases. 11 This fact was reflected by the results of our survey which demonstrated that most surgeons reported colorectal cancer as the main indication for colorectal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a high percentage of participating surgeons felt that more patients could safely have had elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/dcr.0000000000001840 doi: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001840 id: cord-284130-2q6qmex3 author: Wu, Xiao title: Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study date: 2020-04-07 words: 2800.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284130-2q6qmex3.txt summary: We investigated whether long-term average exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 death in the United States. Data sources: COVID-19 death counts were collected for more than 3,000 counties in the United States (representing 98% of the population) up to April 22, 2020 from Johns Hopkins University, Center for Systems Science and Engineering Coronavirus Resource Center. • Second, existing COVID-19 testing and case count data are unable to accurately capture the size of an outbreak in a given county, and the inability to fully adjust for this factor could induce confounding in our analyses (e.g., if counties with high PM 2.5 exposure also tend to have large outbreaks relative to the population size, then their death rates per unit population could appear differentially elevated, inducing a spurious correlation with PM 2.5 ). abstract: Objectives: United States government scientists estimate that COVID-19 may kill tens of thousands of Americans. Many of the pre-existing conditions that increase the risk of death in those with COVID-19 are the same diseases that are affected by long-term exposure to air pollution. We investigated whether long-term average exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 death in the United States. Design: A nationwide, cross-sectional study using county-level data. Data sources: COVID-19 death counts were collected for more than 3,000 counties in the United States (representing 98% of the population) up to April 22, 2020 from Johns Hopkins University, Center for Systems Science and Engineering Coronavirus Resource Center. Main outcome measures: We fit negative binomial mixed models using county-level COVID-19 deaths as the outcome and county-level long-term average of PM2.5 as the exposure. In the main analysis, we adjusted by 20 potential confounding factors including population size, age distribution, population density, time since the beginning of the outbreak, time since state issuance of the stay-at-home order, hospital beds, number of individuals tested, weather, and socioeconomic and behavioral variables such as obesity and smoking. We included a random intercept by state to account for potential correlation in counties within the same state. We conducted more than 68 additional sensitivity analyses. Results: We found that an increase of only 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 is associated with an 8% increase in the COVID-19 death rate (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%, 15%). The results were statistically significant and robust to secondary and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: A small increase in long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads to a large increase in the COVID-19 death rate. Despite the inherent limitations of the ecological study design, our results underscore the importance of continuing to enforce existing air pollution regulations to protect human health both during and after the COVID-19 crisis. The data and code are publicly available so our analyses can be updated routinely. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502 id: cord-315486-pjb5v1tc author: Wu, Xiaojun title: Different Laboratory Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes date: 2020-09-30 words: 1327.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315486-pjb5v1tc.txt summary: As expected, COVID-19 patients with health conditions like hypertension or diabetes had a longer length of hospital stay than those without, but this was at the limit of statistical significance (Fig. 1A , P = 0.07). These findings confirmed an increased disease severity in COVID-19 patients with hypertension or diabetes (Liu et al. SARS-CoV-2 infections lead to a fast activation of innate immune cells, especially in COVID-19 patients developing severe disease . These results suggest different mechanisms exist for hypertension or diabetes as risk factors for severe cases of COVID-19. Despite these limitations, we were able to identify different laboratory abnormalities on admission in COVID-19 patients with hypertension or diabetes, which might shed light on future mechanistic studies. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for covid-19 infection? Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in covid-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-020-00296-1 doi: 10.1007/s12250-020-00296-1 id: cord-350130-c4u0gxp5 author: Wu, Yi-Chi title: The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview date: 2020-02-12 words: 3325.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350130-c4u0gxp5.txt summary: In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and bat SARS-like CoV belong to Abstract: In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus # , emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The virus has a preferential tropism to human airway epithelial cells and the cellular receptor, The first confirmed nCoV case in Wuhan (no Huanan seafood market exposure) December 10 abstract: In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19, by WHO on February 11, 2020). It is also named as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens on January 15, 2019 by the Taiwan CDC, the Ministry of Health and is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. COVID-19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate (estimated 2%–5%) mortality rate. Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. To promptly identify patients and prevent further spreading, physicians should be aware of the travel or contact history of the patient with compatible symptoms. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcma.0000000000000270 doi: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000270 id: cord-280491-tarb3mu7 author: Wu, Yin title: Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study date: 2020-10-08 words: 4271.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280491-tarb3mu7.txt summary: title: Validation of the COVID-19 fears questionnaires for chronic medical conditions: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 cohort study 14 We used suggestions from 121 people with SSc and content analysis to develop a preliminary 15-item version of a fear measure for people with chronic medical conditions. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate items for inclusion in the final COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions; (2) evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the questionnaire; and (3) verify the factor structure and other validity indictors in follow-up data. In addition to the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions, we tested a SSc-specific version, which included an additional item that reflected fears of having to discontinue the use of immunosuppressant medications, which are used by approximately half of people with SSc. 48 The measurement properties did not change meaningfully by inclusion or exclusion of the item, but some patient advisors and team members believed that content validity of a measure for people with SSc required coverage of this topic. abstract: Objective Fear associated with medical vulnerability should be considered when assessing mental health among individuals with chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to develop and validate the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions. Methods Fifteen initial items were generated based on suggestions from 121 people with the chronic autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Patients in a COVID-19 SSc cohort completed items between April 9 and 27, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item analysis were used to select items for inclusion. Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. Factor structure was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in follow-up data collection two weeks later. Results 787 participants completed baseline measures; 563 of them completed the follow-up assessment. Ten of 15 initial items were included in the final questionnaire. EFA suggested that a single dimension explained the data reasonably well. There were no indications of floor or ceiling effects. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Correlations between the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire and measures of anxiety (r = 0.53), depressive symptoms (r = 0.44), and perceived stress (r = 0.50) supported construct validity. CFA supported the single-factor structure (χ2(35) = 311.2, p < 0.001, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97, Comparative Fit Index = 0.96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.12). Conclusion The COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions can be used to assess fear among people at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399920308333?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110271 id: cord-272071-445ivhx0 author: Wunsch, Hannah title: Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology date: 2020-07-01 words: 2632.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272071-445ivhx0.txt summary: What we are seeing in the current publications on COVID-19 are different rates of invasive mechanical ventilation across the world that have always existed, but these differences are now writ large because it is a particularly high-stakes game of worldwide data interpretation and a desperation to learn as much as possible from the experiences of others. This variability in preferences is intertwined with resources and always will be a huge factor in understanding the data coming out of different countries; for example, in 2008, Gray and colleagues published a large randomized controlled trial comparing noninvasive ventilation to conventional oxygen therapy for patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Similarly, information on care preferences, such as how many patients preferred not to receive mechanical ventilation (because of age, comorbidity, or other personal preference) would aid in interpreting data, such as when reporting that only 20.2% of those who died with COVID-19 received this intervention (12) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1385ed doi: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1385ed id: cord-304399-7t2mu13s author: Wynne, Keona Jeane title: Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 words: 12082.0 sentences: 595.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt summary: Many healthcare professionals, emergency services staff and humanitarian workers, as well as organisational leaders and policy-makers are shaken by powerlessness, guilt and fear from witnessing COVID-19 deaths which could have been avoided with better preparation; from being aware of the suffering and loneliness of those who are dying, while all available staff are needed to fight for the lives of those with higher chances of survival; or, with a growing likelihood, from contemplating decisions about withholding or withdrawing critical treatment because of severe resource limitations. Yet until the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges were not openly discussed in the context of palliative care-including in the WHO guide which is our main focuseven if they were a way of life for many humanitarian and emergency workers and intuitively sensed by individuals external to the sectors. abstract: BACKGROUND: Humanitarian crises and emergencies, events often marked by high mortality, have until recently excluded palliative care—a specialty focusing on supporting people with serious or terminal illness or those nearing death. In the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care has received unprecedented levels of societal attention. Unfortunately, this has not been enough to prevent patients dying alone, relatives not being able to say goodbye and palliative care being used instead of intensive care due to resource limitations. Yet global guidance was available. In 2018, the WHO released a guide on ‘Integrating palliative care and symptom relief into the response to humanitarian emergencies and crises’—the first guidance on the topic by an international body. AIMS: This paper argues that while a landmark document, the WHO guide took a narrowly clinical bioethics perspective and missed crucial moral dilemmas. We argue for adding a population-level bioethics lens, which draws forth complex moral dilemmas arising from the fact that groups having differential innate and acquired resources in the context of social and historical determinants of health. We discuss dilemmas concerning: limitations of material and human resources; patient prioritisation; euthanasia; and legacy inequalities, discrimination and power imbalances. IMPLICATIONS: In parts of the world where opportunity for preparation still exists, and as countries emerge from COVID-19, planners must consider care for the dying. Immediate steps to support better resolutions to ethical dilemmas of the provision of palliative care in humanitarian and emergency contexts will require honest debate; concerted research effort; and international, national and local ethical guidance. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105943 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105943 id: cord-328814-s3963anw author: XU, Jing title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 words: 3454.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt summary: From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body''s immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment with moxibustion and infrared irradiation for community-acquired pneumonia, the results of purulent sputum disappearance time, fever relief time, rale absorption time, inflammation absorption time in chest X-ray test, the time length of hospital stay and the changes in serum inflammatory indexes, as well as immune function indexes are all better than those in the control group with western medication, indicating a better therapeutic effect and the improvement of immune functions in the patients [21] . Discussion on the effect pathways of preventing and treating coronavirus disease 2019 by acupuncture and moxibustion from the regulation of immune inflammatory response abstract: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is rampant in many countries and regions and there is no time to delay the exploration of the scheme for its prevention and control. The pathogenic characteristics of novel coronavirus and the effect of moxibustion for warming up yang and strengthening the antipathogenic qi were analyzed in this paper. From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body's immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 id: cord-320426-fber0yzi author: Xia, Tianyi title: Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia date: 2020-04-06 words: 1921.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320426-fber0yzi.txt summary: title: Small Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule on CT as an Initial Manifestation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019 led to large numbers of people being infected and developing atypical pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). However, we treated three patients with COVID-19 pneumonia initially manifesting as a solitary sub-centimeter nodule on baseline CT imaging in hospital. On baseline chest CT images, there was a sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule with an ill-defined margin in the right middle lobe during a period when the patient did not present with any symptoms (Fig. 3A) . The aim of this study was to alert radiologists that some patients with COVID-19 infection could have only a sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule on baseline chest CT images. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019 led to large numbers of people being infected and developing atypical pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19). Typical imaging manifestations of patients infected with 2019-nCoV has been reported, but we encountered an atypical radiological manifestation on baseline computed tomography (CT) images in three patients from Wuhan, China infected with the 2019-nCoV. Surprisingly, the only similar CT finding was a solitary sub-centimeter ground-glass nodule adjacent to bronchovascular bundles, which could be easily overlooked. In addition, the follow-up images in these patients showed how COVID-19 pneumonia evolved from these small nodules. The radiologic manifestation of the three cases will expand contemporary understanding of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0240 doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0240 id: cord-344284-dn9nlcgs author: Xia, Wei title: Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults date: 2020-03-05 words: 1460.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344284-dn9nlcgs.txt summary: PURPOSE: To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection. METHODS: The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID‐19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID‐19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. Otherwise, under the circumference of wildly spread of COVID-19 and low detection rate by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test, how to distinguish it from other common respiratory tract infection pathogens in pediatric patients is still a problem. As the clinical and imaging features of pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection were limited, we would like to present a series of 20 cases who have been identified by the pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test. Twenty pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID-19 nucleic acid test from 23 January to 8 February in Wuhan Children''s Hospital were included in this study. abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss the different characteristics of clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients from adults with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) infection. METHODS: The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 20 pediatric inpatients with COVID‐19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID‐19 nucleic acid test were retrospectively analyzed during 23 January and 8 February 2020. The clinical and laboratory information was obtained from inpatient records. All the patients were undergone chest CT in our hospital. RESULTS: Thirteen pediatric patients (13/20, 65%) had an identified history of close contact with COVID‐19 diagnosed family members. Fever (12/20, 60%) and cough (13/20, 65%) were the most common symptoms. For laboratory findings, procalcitonin elevation (16/20, 80%) should be pay attention to, which is not common in adults. Coinfection (8/20, 40%) is common in pediatric patients. A total of 6 patients presented with unilateral pulmonary lesions (6/20, 30%), 10 with bilateral pulmonary lesions (10/20, 50%), and 4 cases showed no abnormality on chest CT (4/20, 20%). Consolidation with surrounding halo sign was observed in 10 patients (10/20, 50%), ground‐glass opacities were observed in 12 patients (12/20, 60%), fine mesh shadow was observed in 4 patients (4/20, 20%), and tiny nodules were observed in 3 patients (3/20, 15%). CONCLUSION: Procalcitonin elevation and consolidation with surrounding halo signs were common in pediatric patients which were different from adults. It is suggested that underlying coinfection may be more common in pediatrics, and the consolidation with surrounding halo sign which is considered as a typical sign in pediatric patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134205/ doi: 10.1002/ppul.24718 id: cord-293503-e7be12qb author: Xiang, Chao title: CT Findings in a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia at Initial Presentation date: 2020-08-15 words: 3312.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293503-e7be12qb.txt summary: COVID-19 leads to respiratory infections similar to those of SARS and MERS, causing pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. The CT image characteristics were recorded as follows: (a) lesion''s location (segment), (b) morphology (patchy, nodular, and linear), (c) distribution (single or multiple, peripheral or/and central), (d) type (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and linear opacity), (e) pattern (reticulation, parenchymal bands, crazy-paving, and interlobular thickening), (f) atelectasis, (g) cavitation, (h) pleural effusion, (i) hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy, (j) bronchiectasis, and (k) air bronchogram. Although a patient with exposure history may be asymptomatic and obtained negative results of CT findings and viral nucleic acid test at initial presentation, the potential infection cannot be totally excluded, and performing repeating CT scan and coronavirus RNA test is needed. Ground-glass opacity and consolidation with multiple, bilateral, and lower lobe distribution are the main features of COVID-19 pneumonia at initial CT scan. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 first broke out in China and spread rapidly over the world. OBJECTIVES: To describe the CT features of COVID-19 pneumonia and to share our experience at initial diagnoses. Patients and Methods. Data from 53 patients (31 men, 22 women; mean age, 53 years; age range, 16-83 years) with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were collected. Their complete clinical data was reviewed, and their CT features were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The average time between onset of illness and the initial CT scan was six days (range, 1-42 days). A total of 399 segments were involved and distributed bilaterally (left lung: 186 segments [46.6%], right lung: 213 segments [53.4%]) and peripherally (38 [71.7%] patients). Multiple lobes (45 [84.9%]) and bilateral lower lobes (left lower lobe: 104 [26.1%], right lower lobe: 107 [26.8%], and total: 211 [52.9%]) were the most commonly involved. Ground-glass opacity with consolidation (24 [45.3%]) and pure ground-glass opacity (28 [52.8%]) were the main findings. The other findings were crazy-paving (14 [26.4%]), bronchiectasis (12 [22.6%]), atelectasis (7 [13.2%]), parenchymal bands (6 [11.3%]), air bronchogram (6 [11.3%]), interlobular thickening (5 [9.4%]), reticular pattern (1 [1.9%]), and pleural effusion (1 [1.9%]). CONCLUSIONS: Most COVID-19 pneumonia patients had abnormalities on chest CT images at initial presentation. Imaging features combined with patient's exposure history and onset symptoms could facilitate the identification of the suspected patient for further examinations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32851078/ doi: 10.1155/2020/5436025 id: cord-266238-922ncaay author: Xiang, Mi title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents'' lifestyle behavior larger than expected date: 2020-04-30 words: 439.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266238-922ncaay.txt summary: title: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents'' lifestyle behavior larger than expected It is well-known that reduced PA and prolonged SB are linked to both negative physical and mental health outcomes, 2 such as loss of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, weight gain, 3 psychosocial problems, 4 and even poor academic achievements. 9 Therefore, governments, schools, professionals for health and exercise, and parents need to be aware of the severe situation and implement more effective interventions for PA immediately to minimize the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children''s and adolescents'' health. Physical activity and sedentary time in relation to academic achievement in children Global recommendations on physical activity for health Global trends in insufficient physical Journal Pre-proof adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million participants A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another? abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033062020300967 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.013 id: cord-295357-dv1fxprr author: Xiang, Yu-Tao title: The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform date: 2020-03-15 words: 1813.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295357-dv1fxprr.txt summary: title: The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China. On 8 February 2020 an alarming report in the China News Weekly emerged that [1] at least 50 inpatients with psychiatric disorders and 30 mental health professionals in a major psychiatric hospital in Wuhan, Hubei province, China were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease . To limit the transmission of the COVID-19 and provide acute treatment for severely ill patients, central and regional authorities have undertaken several effective measures, such as setting up emergency infectious hospitals and quarantine facilities, and isolating suspected and diagnosed patients and their close contacts [3] . abstract: Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226293/ doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45072 id: cord-270474-jaurhjvr author: Xiang, Zhen title: Glucocorticoids improve severe or critical COVID-19 by activating ACE2 and reducing IL-6 levels date: 2020-06-27 words: 4417.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270474-jaurhjvr.txt summary: We verified the efficacy of nine chemicals on regulating ACE2 expression in human GES-1, an upper digestive tract epithelial cell line, and THP-1, a human monocyte cell line, and found that several glucocorticoids imparted activating effects on ACE2 in both cell lines. We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of nine severe or critical patients from a cohort of 90 COVID-19 cases, who received medium to small doses of glucocorticoids from our integrated medical team in Wuhan. This study provides experimental and clinical evidence that medium-to-low-dose glucocorticoids may play a protective role in the respiratory and digestive systems by activating ACE2 and suppressing cytokine storm. Because the epithelial cells of the respiratory and digestive tracts are susceptible targets of SARS-CoV-2, we verified the regulatory effects of several candidate agonists of ACE2 expression on available normal human epithelial cells. Compared to the blank control, hydrocortisone revealed the strongest activating effect on ACE2 expression, followed by prednisolone, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone. abstract: COVID-19 is a public health emergency that has rapidly spread to over 200 countries and regions, and no effective treatment has been established to date. Severe and critical cases have been associated with higher mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Based on the novelty and recent emergence of COVID-19, no effective treatment regimen has been identified, thus prompting clinicians to engage in drug repurposing to address the immediate therapeutic need. This study focused on the molecular target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of SARS-CoV-2 and screened a group of ACE2 agonists by bioinformatics. Glucocorticoids are a type of ACE2 activator. We verified the efficacy of nine chemicals on regulating ACE2 expression in human GES-1, an upper digestive tract epithelial cell line, and THP-1, a human monocyte cell line, and found that several glucocorticoids imparted activating effects on ACE2 in both cell lines. The drugs triciribine and kinetin riboside activate ACE2 expression or inhibit IL-6 production in macrophages to some extent. In addition, we compared the efficacies of several glucocorticoids. Hydrocortisone showed the strongest effect on ACE2 activation, followed by prednisolone, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone. We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of nine severe or critical patients from a cohort of 90 COVID-19 cases, who received medium to small doses of glucocorticoids from our integrated medical team in Wuhan. Seven out of nine patients revealed significant improvement in clinical parameters and chest CT images. This study provides experimental and clinical evidence that medium-to-low-dose glucocorticoids may play a protective role in the respiratory and digestive systems by activating ACE2 and suppressing cytokine storm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760206/ doi: 10.7150/ijbs.47652 id: cord-264769-gp2tie7k author: XiangNg, Qin title: A Framework to Deal with Uncertainty in the Age of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-20 words: 745.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264769-gp2tie7k.txt summary: We adapted some of the key elements of the VUCA framework and correspondingly, we see in Figure 1 , that the complexity and uncertainty inherent in the COVID-19 pandemic mandates that governments must face "unknown unknowns". An important lesson we have learned from this evolving pandemic is that the lack of transparency creates further confusion and undermines public trust (Alwan et al., 2020; Tandon, 2020) , and the bureaucratic process should aid and not hinder crisis management. Evidence informing the UK''s COVID-19 public health response must be transparent. Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles'' Heel of Current Strategies to Control Covid-19 Public health interventions for COVID-19: emerging evidence and implications for an evolving public health crisis COVID19-The need for Public Health in a time of emergency The COVID-19 pandemic personal reflections on editorial responsibility. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32603984/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102263 id: cord-291311-5hw307v1 author: Xiao, Hongjun title: How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-04-27 words: 688.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291311-5hw307v1.txt summary: Some patients with unfavorable neck anatomy, such as short neck, enlarged thyroid, and neck cicatricial contracture, are not suitable for percutaneous tracheostomy, a minimally invasive method.1 In these circumstances, conventional open tracheostomy is the primary option for surgeons. However, it is one of the most hazardous procedures, because the direct airway opening and the coughing of patients causes aerosolization of the virus potentially exposing healthcare workers.2 To prevent healthcare-associated infections, we are willing to share our modified tracheostomy procedures with other surgeons worldwide. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection, endotracheal intubation is one of the most common and indispensable life-saving interventions. However, it is one of the most hazardous procedures, because the direct airway opening and the coughing of patients causes aerosolization of the virus, potentially exposing healthcare workers. 2 To prevent health-care-associated infections, we are willing to share our modified tracheostomy procedures with other surgeons worldwide. abstract: As the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) globally spreads, the Covid-19 pandemic is straining healthcare workers worldwide. In hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19, endotracheal intubation is one of the most common and indispensable life-saving interventions. For patients in need of long-term endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy may be considered. Some patients with unfavorable neck anatomy, such as short neck, enlarged thyroid, and neck cicatricial contracture, are not suitable for percutaneous tracheostomy, a minimally invasive method.1 In these circumstances, conventional open tracheostomy is the primary option for surgeons. However, it is one of the most hazardous procedures, because the direct airway opening and the coughing of patients causes aerosolization of the virus potentially exposing healthcare workers.2 To prevent healthcare-associated infections, we are willing to share our modified tracheostomy procedures with other surgeons worldwide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26167 doi: 10.1002/hed.26167 id: cord-289451-yjrh5l4u author: Xiao, Huidi title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities date: 2020-07-14 words: 4715.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289451-yjrh5l4u.txt summary: title: Social Distancing among Medical Students during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in China: Disease Awareness, Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Behavioral Activities We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2020 COVID-19 survey in China found that many respondents (including students) reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and depression [8] . We studied the associations between COVID-19 distancing and the lives of public health students on anxiety [14] , depression, and other behaviors. We also examined the differences among public health students in two universities, Capital Medical University (CCMU) in Beijing, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) in Wuhan, the early epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among the medical students in two schools of public health at two universities: CCMU in Beijing and HUST in Wuhan. abstract: Background: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, harsh social distancing measures were taken in China to contain viral spread. We examined their impact on the lives of medical students. Methods: A nation-wide cross-sectional survey of college students was conducted from 4–12 February 2020. We enrolled medical students studying public health in Beijing and Wuhan to assess their COVID-19 awareness and to evaluate their mental health status/behaviors using a self-administered questionnaire. We used the Patient Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Health Questionnaire-9 to measure anxiety disorders and depression. We used multivariable logistic regression and path analysis to assess the associations between covariates and anxiety disorder/depression. Results: Of 933 students, 898 (96.2%) reported wearing masks frequently when going out, 723 (77.5%) reported daily handwashing with soap, 676 (72.5%) washed hands immediately after arriving home, and 914 (98.0%) reported staying home as much as possible. Prevalence of anxiety disorder was 17.1% and depression was 25.3%. Multivariable logistic regression showed anxiety to be associated with graduate student status (odds ratio (aOR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–3.5), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.7), and feeling depressed (aOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 4.0–11.7). Beijing students were significantly less likely to have anxiety than those in the Wuhan epicenter (aOR = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0), but depression did not differ. Depression was associated with female students (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), negative thoughts or actions (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5–1.9), and anxiety disorder (aOR = 5.8; 95% CI: 3.4–9.9). Path analysis validated these same predictors. Conclusions: Despite medical students’ knowledge of disease control and prevention, their lives were greatly affected by social distancing, especially in the Wuhan epicenter. Even well-informed students needed psychological support during these extraordinarily stressful times. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145047 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145047 id: cord-266209-gvvc8wqe author: Xiao, Lu-shan title: Development and Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Model Using Computed Tomography Imaging for Predicting Disease Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-07-31 words: 5458.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266209-gvvc8wqe.txt summary: CONCLUSION: Our deep learning-based model can accurately predict disease severity as well as disease progression in COVID-19 patients using CT imaging, offering promise for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, we established and verified a multiple instance deep learning model using CT imaging to predict disease severity and the risk of future development of severe COVID-19. This study included patients from the People''s Hospital of Honghu and The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, who met the following selection criteria: (1) confirmed case of COVID-19 with positive tests for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and compliance with the guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)(National Health Commission, 2020) developed by the Chinese National Health Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; (2) availability of initial lung CT imaging on admission. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is sweeping the globe and has resulted in infections in millions of people. Patients with COVID-19 face a high fatality risk once symptoms worsen; therefore, early identification of severely ill patients can enable early intervention, prevent disease progression, and help reduce mortality. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-assisted tool using computed tomography (CT) imaging to predict disease severity and further estimate the risk of developing severe disease in patients suffering from COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initial CT images of 408 confirmed COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2020 and March 18, 2020 from hospitals in Honghu and Nanchang. The data of 303 patients in the People’s Hospital of Honghu were assigned as the training data, and those of 105 patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were assigned as the test dataset. A deep learning based-model using multiple instance learning and residual convolutional neural network (ResNet34) was developed and validated. The discrimination ability and prediction accuracy of the model were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and confusion matrix, respectively. RESULTS: The deep learning-based model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.987 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.968–1.00) and an accuracy of 97.4% in the training set, whereas it had an AUC of 0.892 (0.828–0.955) and an accuracy of 81.9% in the test set. In the subgroup analysis of patients who had non-severe COVID-19 on admission, the model achieved AUCs of 0.955 (0.884–1.00) and 0.923 (0.864–0.983) and accuracies of 97.0 and 81.6% in the Honghu and Nanchang subgroups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our deep learning-based model can accurately predict disease severity as well as disease progression in COVID-19 patients using CT imaging, offering promise for guiding clinical treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32850746/ doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00898 id: cord-353228-fxrf5wsp author: Xiao, Yaru title: Clinical characteristics of diarrhea in 90 cases with COVID-19: a descriptive study date: 2020-08-08 words: 1639.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353228-fxrf5wsp.txt summary: Among the gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 cases including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, diarrhea is the one that possibly increases the chance of potential fecal-oral transmission but could be easily overlooked by health care workers. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive study on the clinical features of ninety COVID-19 patients with diarrhea as the symptom before admission based on our first-hand experience, aiming to achieve a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and help the clinicians accurately and promptly identify infected cases. Among the 912 cases with COVID-19 we retrieved, 90 patients (9.87％) presented with diarrhea, and their demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were summarized, as shown in Table 1 . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. Herein, we aimed to clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with diarrhea. METHODS: A descriptive design was adopted from Jan 10 to Feb 17, 2020. All the cases included were diagnosed with COVID-19 under the interim guidance of the WHO. RESULTS: 912 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to hospital, in which, 90 cases (9.87％) presented with diarrhea. Among the 90 cases, 8 cases (9％) presented with diarrhea as the initial symptom, and 24%, 17%, and 24% of the patients complained of nausea, vomiting, and poor appetite, respectively. The most common fecal characteristics on admission were watery stool (64%) and mushy stool (28%). For the defecation frequency, 37% of the cases defecated over three times a day. The median time from illness onset to diarrhea was 3.0 days (IQR 0.0-5.0) and the median duration of diarrhea was 5.0 days (IQR 2.0-9.3). CONCLUSION: Clinicians are required to promptly identify the patients with initial diarrhea symptoms and pay adequate attention to the nutrient requirements of the patients with diarrhea during hospitalization. Standardized management is also recommended for the discharge of the patients to avoid potential fecal-oral transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100912 doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100912 id: cord-034289-6y4437ah author: Xiao, Zhenxu title: Management of people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey among epileptologists in China date: 2020-10-27 words: 2568.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034289-6y4437ah.txt summary: The survey questions to each board member included: (1) the number of patients for consultation (including clinical consultation and other forms of teleconsultation); (2) the proportion of telephone/internet-based consultation; (3) the proportions of new presentations and regular case reviews (follow-ups) in all patients (including face-to-face clinic patients and telemedical patients); (4) the proportions of patients with increased episodes of seizures, with status epilepticus, and with aggravated psychological disorders, among the regular case reviews; (5) the proportion of patients who should but did not come for regular case review; and (6) the proportion of patients who were unable to obtain anti-seizure medications (ASMs). The consensus on the impacting factors for epilepsy care during the COVID-19 epidemic (Fig. 1 ) may explain the poor management of epilepsy in China, reflected by the finding that patients in the high-risk area were more likely to have increased episodes of seizure and aggravation of psychological disorders (Table 1 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared to the healthy people, people with comorbid medical conditions are more vulnerable in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including the people with epilepsy. Besides a consensus recommendation by multi-national epilepsy specialists, the situation of the epilepsy management during the pandemic has seldom been reported. METHODS: The China Association Against Epilepsy carried out an online nationwide survey among its board members in April 2020. One hundred and thirty board members from 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities across China responded to the questionnaires. They reported the situation of clinical practice and gave opinions on the management of people with epilepsy between January 13th and March 31st, 2020, a time period concentrated with confirmed COVID-19 cases. RESULTS: The proportions of patients consulting through telephone or online (88.4%) and of patients with regular case review (93.9%) were highest in the high-risk area, as reported by the responders. The patients in the high-risk area were more likely to have increased episodes of seizures (17.7%), aggravated psychological disorders (30.2%), and less accessibility to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) (77.2%). Regular ASMs supply (74.6%), medical consultation (69.2%), and psychological aids (29.2%) were urgently needed for people with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the most common dilemma faced by people with epilepsy in policy circumstances during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. The opinions raised by Chinese epileptologists may provide reference for epilepsy care in other countries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s42494-020-00030-0. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7588342/ doi: 10.1186/s42494-020-00030-0 id: cord-333749-45v6b4tc author: Xie, Guogang title: The role of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-06-20 words: 4001.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333749-45v6b4tc.txt summary: We aimed to investigate the role of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) as a marker in the course of the virus infection to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and evaluation of COVID‐19 patients. In the process of diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients, we found that peripheral blood eosinophils (EOS) significantly reduced among most patients regardless of the severity of the diseases at the early stage, which had not been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [5, 6] , or the other types of pneumonia. Our analysis of fever clinic patients with pneumonia found that EOS counts of peripheral blood in patients with COVID-19 were significantly reduced, which was further confirmed by the data in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Data analysis showed that decreased EOS counts were more common in COVID-19 patients than other types of pneumonia, and no significant difference was identified between severe and non-severe patients, which was also mentioned in patients from Wuhan [12, 13] or outside Wuhan [14] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread globally outside China. We aimed to investigate the role of peripheral blood eosinophil (EOS) as a marker in the course of the virus infection to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and evaluation of COVID‐19 patients. METHODS: 227 pneumonia patients who visited the fever clinics in Shanghai General Hospital and 97 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were involved in a retrospective research study. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected. The trend of EOS level in COVID‐19 patients and comparison among patients with different severity were summarized. RESULTS: The majority of COVID‐19 patients (71.7%) had a decrease in circulating EOS counts, which was significantly more frequent than other types of pneumonia patients. EOS counts had good value for COVID‐19 prediction, even higher when combined with NLR. Patients with low EOS counts at admission were more likely to have fever, fatigue and shortness of breath, with more lesions in chest CT and radiographic aggravation, longer length of hospital stay and course of disease than those with normal EOS counts. Circulating EOS level gradually increased over the time, and was synchronous with the improvement of chest CT(12days vs 13days, P=0.07), later than that of body temperature(12days vs 10days, P=0.014), but was earlier than the negative conversion of nucleic acid assays(12days vs 17days, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood EOS counts may be an effective and efficient indicator in diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis monitoring of COVID‐19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14465 doi: 10.1111/all.14465 id: cord-265078-u19e9j2w author: Xie, Jingui title: Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China date: 2020-07-01 words: 2800.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265078-u19e9j2w.txt summary: A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases. RESULTS: The exposure-response curves suggested that the relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases was approximately linear in the range of <3 °C and became flat above 3 °C. To provide useful implications for policymakers and the public, our paper aimed to investigate the relationship between daily mean temperature and newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in 122 cities from China. Therefore, in this study, a GAM with a Gaussian distribution family (Hastie, 2017; Liu et al., 2020) was applied to examine the moving average lag effect (lag0-7, lag0-14, lag0-21) of mean temperature on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19. In this paper, we explored the nonlinear relationship between ambient temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases by using a generalized additive model. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a severe public health problem globally. Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown that ambient temperature could affect the transmission and survival of coronaviruses. This study aimed to determine whether the temperature is an essential factor in the infection caused by this novel coronavirus. METHODS: Daily confirmed cases and meteorological factors in 122 cities were collected between January 23, 2020, to February 29, 2020. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases. We also used a piecewise linear regression to determine the relationship in detail. RESULTS: The exposure-response curves suggested that the relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases was approximately linear in the range of <3 °C and became flat above 3 °C. When mean temperature (lag0–14) was below 3 °C, each 1 °C rise was associated with a 4.861% (95% CI: 3.209–6.513) increase in the daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases. These findings were robust in our sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that mean temperature has a positive linear relationship with the number of COVID-19 cases with a threshold of 3 °C. There is no evidence supporting that case counts of COVID-19 could decline when the weather becomes warmer, which provides useful implications for policymakers and the public. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408450/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201 id: cord-252870-52fjx7s4 author: Xie, Kefan title: The Impact of Risk Perception on Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China date: 2020-08-27 words: 6275.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252870-52fjx7s4.txt summary: Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. Individual''s perceived understanding and safety climate are also examined to identify their effectiveness in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing. Perceived Understanding about the COVID-19 pandemic plays a mediating role between Risk Perception and Social Distancing behavior. The initial questionnaire contained 22 questions to measure these 4 latent variables, including Risk Perception-RP (7 items), Perceived Understanding-PU (4 items), Social Distancing-SD (5 items), and Safety Climate-SC (6 items). This study provided evidence that risk perception and perceived understanding can significantly affect people''s social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the data collected from an online survey among 317 participants in China throughout May 2020, our analyses indicate that positive changes in social distancing behaviors are associated with increased risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. abstract: Social distancing is one of the most recommended policies worldwide to reduce diffusion risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a risk management perspective, this study explores the mechanism of the risk perception effect on social distancing in order to improve individual physical distancing behavior. The data for this study were collected from 317 Chinese residents in May 2020 using an internet-based survey. A structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical linear regression (HLR) analyses were conducted to examine all the considered research hypotheses. The results show that risk perception significantly affects perceived understanding and social distancing behaviors in a positive way. Perceived understanding has a significant positive correlation with social distancing behaviors and plays a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and social distancing behaviors. Furthermore, safety climate positively predicts social distancing behaviors but lessens the positive correlation between risk perception and social distancing. Hence, these findings suggest effective management guidelines for successful implementation of the social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the critical role of risk perception, perceived understanding, and safety climate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867381/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176256 id: cord-343876-2inr4mcy author: Xie, Qin title: COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings due to first-episode mental disorders in Wuhan, China: clinical characteristics, treatments, outcomes, and our experiences date: 2020-10-02 words: 4834.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343876-2inr4mcy.txt summary: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the selection of an appropriate treatment setting for COVID-19 patients with mental disorders is a dilemma: in respiratory treatment settings these patients are more likely to not adhere with The main findings of this comparative study are 1) adjustment disorder and acute and transient psychotic disorders, with associated acute stress were the main clinical diagnoses in the COVID-19 group and some other disorders had their organic basis such as delirium due to infection and chloroquine-induced psychosis, while serious mental illnesses (SMIs) and alcohol use disorders were overrepresented in the control group, a common feature of inpatients of most Chinese psychiatric hospitals; 2) a wide range of psychiatric symptoms were found in COVID-19 patients with mental disorders on admission, including psychotic symptoms, aggressive behaviors, and anxiety symptoms; 3) the most common respiratory symptom of COVID-19 patients was cough, followed by fever, chills, and fatigue; and 4) mental disorders and COVID-19 of most patients were successfully treated after symptomatic and supportive treatments, including conventional psychotropic treatment and antiviral treatment, and, COVID-19 patients left the hospital earlier than psychiatric patients without COVID-19, on average by 16 days after admission. abstract: Data are scarce regarding the comorbid mental disorders and their management among COVID-19 patients. This study described the clinical characteristics and management of COVID-19 patients treated in psychiatric inpatient settings due to comorbid first-onset mental disorders in Wuhan, China. This electronic medical records-based study included 25 COVID-19 patients with first-onset mental disorders and 55 patients with first-onset mental disorders without COVID-19 (control group). Data collected included ICD-10 diagnoses of mental disorders, psychiatric and respiratory symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Adjustment disorder (n = 11, 44.0%) and acute and transient psychotic disorders, with associated acute stress (n = 6, 24.0%) were main clinical diagnoses in the COVID-19 group while serious mental illnesses (i.e., schizophrenia, 24.5%) and alcohol use disorders (10.9%) were overrepresented in the control group. On admission, the most common psychiatric symptom in COVID-19 patients was insomnia symptoms (n = 18, 72.0%), followed by aggressive behaviors (n = 16, 64.0%), delusion (n = 10, 40.0%), and severe anxiety (n = 9, 36.0%). In addition to respiratory treatments, 76.0% COVID-19 patients received antipsychotics, 40.0% sedative-hypnotics, and 24.0% mood stabilizers. At the end of inpatient treatment, 4 (16.0%) COVID-19 patients were transferred to other hospitals to continue respiratory treatment after their psychiatric symptoms were controlled while the remaining 21 (84.0%) all recovered. Compared to the control group, COVID-19 group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay (21.2 vs. 37.4 days, P < 0.001). Adjustment disorder and acute and transient psychotic disorders are the main clinical diagnoses of COVID-19 patients managed in psychiatric inpatient settings. The short-term prognosis of these patients is good after conventional psychotropic treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33009366/ doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01022-x id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 words: 6242.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt summary: To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply, with more than 14,000,000 people infected and nearly 600,000 deaths. This review aimed to summarize the epidemiologic traits, clinical spectrum, CT results and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We scoped for relevant literatures published during 1st December 2019 to 16th July 2020 based on three databases using English and Chinese languages. We reviewed and analyzed the relevant outcomes. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have a higher transmission rate compared to SARS and MERS and involved 4 stages of evolution. The basic reproduction number (R(0)) is 3.32 (95% CI:3.24–3.39), the incubation period was 5.24 days (95% CI:3.97–6.50, 5 studies) on average, and the average time for symptoms onset varied by countries. Common clinical spectrums identified included fever (38.1–39.0 °C), cough and fatigue, with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being the most common complication reported. Body temperatures above 39.0 °C, dyspnea, and anorexia were more common symptoms in severe patients. Aged over 65 years old, having co-morbidities, and developing complications were the commonest high-risk factors associated with severe conditions. Leucopenia and lymphopenia were the most common signs of infection while liver and kidney damage were rare but may cause bad outcomes for patients. The bilateral, multifocal Ground-Glass Opacification (GGO) on peripheral, and the consolidative pulmonary opacity were the most frequent CT results and the tendency of mortality rates differed by region. CONCLUSIONS: We provided a bird’s-eye view of the COVID-19 during the current pandemic, which will help better understanding the key traits of the disease. The findings could be used for disease’s future research, control and prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867706/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2 id: cord-284853-6efhdogi author: Xie, Yun title: Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 words: 1831.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been clinically used as an adjunctive drug in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by influenza [3] , but there is controversy about its therapeutic effect on COVID-19 pneumonia, despite inclusion in the seventh edition of the guidelines stating that it can be considered for use in severe and critically ill patients. For this reason, this study retrospectively observed the relationship between the prognosis of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the adjuvant therapy of IVIG and explored whether IVIG could improve the clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and prognosis of these patients. In summary, initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation, shorten the hospital length of stay, promote the early recovery of patients, and improve the effective treatment of patients to achieve significant clinical efficacy. abstract: • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation . • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce hospital length of stay and length of stay in ICU. • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce 28-day mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301729?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.044 id: cord-261687-632r6uqe author: Xie, Z. title: Health and Demographic Impact on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in US Counties date: 2020-05-11 words: 2091.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261687-632r6uqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261687-632r6uqe.txt summary: Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used to investigate potential correlations of health and demographic characteristics with the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in US counties. Results Our models showed that several health and demographic factors were positively correlated with the infection rate of COVID-19, such as low education level and percentage of Black. Much effort has been put in understanding the COVID-19 virus infection mechanism and further developing effective vaccines for COVID-19 [3] [4] [5] While COVID-19 becomes an epidemic in the US, there are geographic variations in the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and related deaths, which might due to the differences in epidemiologic and population-level factors 8 . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.20093195 doi: medRxiv preprint investigated potential correlations of health and demographic factors with the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in US counties. To investigate the potential correlation of health and demographic factors with the COVID-19 infection rate at the county level, we performed a multivariable linear mixed effects model. abstract: Introduction With the pandemic of COVID-19, the number of confirmed cases and related deaths are increasing in the US. We aimed to understand the potential impact of health and demographic factors on the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 at the population level. Methods We collected total number of confirmed cases and deaths related to COVID-19 at the county level in the US from January 21, 2020 to April 23, 2020. We extracted health and demographic measures for each US county. Multivariable linear mixed effects models were used to investigate potential correlations of health and demographic characteristics with the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in US counties. Results Our models showed that several health and demographic factors were positively correlated with the infection rate of COVID-19, such as low education level and percentage of Black. In contrast, several factors, including percentage of smokers and percentage of food insecure, were negatively correlated with the infection rate of COVID-19. While the number of days since first confirmed case and the infection rate of COVID-19 were negatively correlated with the mortality rate of COVID-19, percentage of elders (65 and above) and percentage of rural were positively correlated with the mortality rate of COVID-19. Conclusions At the population level, health and demographic factors could impact the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in US counties. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.06.20093195v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093195 id: cord-304925-9gvx3swf author: Xie, Zhixiang title: Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date: 2020-07-14 words: 4772.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304925-9gvx3swf.txt summary: Abstract This paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis and the geodetector method to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) epidemic spread in mainland China based on the cumulative confirmed cases, average temperature, and socio-economic data. Thus, we selected the indicators reflecting the population distribution, population inflow from Wuhan, traffic accessibility, economic connection intensity, average temperature, and medical facilities conditions J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as the detection factors (Table 2) , and the epidemic spread rate as the detected factor to assess the formation mechanism for the spatial pattern of COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, the influence of the population distribution (X1) on the spatial distribution of the epidemic spread rate was significantly different from the population inflow from Wuhan (X2), economic connection intensity (X4), and average temperature (X5), but not different from the traffic accessibility (X3) and medical facility conditions (X6). abstract: Abstract This paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis and the geodetector method to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) epidemic spread in mainland China based on the cumulative confirmed cases, average temperature, and socio-economic data. The results show that: (1) the epidemic spread rapidly from January 24 to February 20, 2020, and the distribution of the epidemic areas tended to be stable over time. The epidemic spread rate in Hubei province, in its surrounding, and in some economically developed cities was higher, while that in western part of China and in remote areas of central and eastern China was lower. (2) The global and local spatial correlation characteristics of the epidemic distribution present a positive correlation. Specifically, the global spatial correlation characteristics experienced a change process from agglomeration to decentralization. The local spatial correlation characteristics were mainly composed of the‘high-high’ and ‘low-low’ clustering types, and the situation of the contiguous layout was very significant. (3) The population inflow from Wuhan and the strength of economic connection were the main factors affecting the epidemic spread, together with the population distribution, transport accessibility, average temperature, and medical facilities, which affected the epidemic spread to varying degrees. (4) The detection factors interacted mainly through the mutual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement, and their influence on the epidemic spread rate exceeded that of single factors. Besides, each detection factor has an interval range that is conducive to the epidemic spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687995/ doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929 id: cord-350842-4m82l5t8 author: Xing, Jun title: Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia date: 2020-05-19 words: 3219.0 sentences: 150.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350842-4m82l5t8.txt summary: Factors affecting the mental health and status of medical personnel based on their significance from high to low are: the degree of suspicion that they were infected when the novel coronavirusrelated symptoms occurred, the level of concern whether they and their family members have been infected, age, whether they have supported in affected areas in Hubei Province, designated hospitals, and other places for the novel coronavirus, and whether family members support them working on the front line (p < 0.05). The results of this study have shown that the factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel based on the significance from high to low are: the degree of suspicion that they were infected when the novel coronavirus-related symptoms occurred, the level of concern whether they and their family members have been infected, age, whether they have supported in affected areas in Hubei Province, designated hospitals, and other places for the novel coronavirus, and whether their family members support them working on the front line. abstract: This paper studied the relationship between personality traits and mental health conditions of medical personnel to provide a basis and reference for the implementation of targeted education on mental health. A self-report inventory, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), was used to investigate the mental health status of 548 medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus pneumonia in eight provinces and cities of China. The overall mean SCL-90 score and mean values of factors (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism) of the medical personnel were significantly higher than in the norm group (p < 0.05), while their average interpersonal sensitivity score was significantly lower (p < 0.01). In addition, personal factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel were identified (all p < 0.05). The overall mental health status of medical personnel responding to new coronavirus pneumonia is generally higher than that of the norm group in China. The results of this study should contribute to measures to alleviate the psychological pressures on medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus epidemic in China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32428041/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233145 id: cord-273816-4sxe7s03 author: Xing, Q.-Q. title: Liver Chemistries in COVID-19 Patients with Survival or Death: A Meta-Analysis date: 2020-05-01 words: 2420.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273816-4sxe7s03.txt summary: 5 Lay Summary 75 Abnormal liver chemistries are linked to higher risk of death related to coronavirus 76 disease (COVID-19). Our meta-analysis also reveals the different patterns of abnormal liver 111 chemistries between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 [10] . Significant heterogeneity was observed for the AST levels among the studies (I 2 = 194 74%, p < 0.01), which was significantly higher than that of the ALT levels (I 2 = 42%, (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. There were significant differences in the coagulation-related (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. doi: medRxiv preprint in Patients with Severe or Non-severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis (unpublished 408 data) abstract: Background and Aims: Although abnormal liver chemistries are linked to higher risk of death related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), liver manifestations may be diverse and even confused. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of published liver manifestations and described the liver damage in COVID-19 patients with death or survival. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, medRxiv, bioRxiv, Cochrane Library, Embase, and three Chinese electronic databases through April 22, 2020. We analyzed pooled data on liver chemistries stratified by the main clinical outcome of COVID-19 using a fixed or random-effects model. Results: In the meta-analysis of 18 studies, which included a total of 2,862 patients, the pooled mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 30.9 IU/L in the COVID-19 patients with death and 26.3 IU/L in the COVID-19 patients discharged alive (p < 0.0001). The pooled mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was 45.3 IU/L in the COVID-19 patients with death while 30.1 IU/L in the patients discharged alive (p < 0.0001). Compared with the discharged alive cases, the dead cases tended to have lower albumin levels but longer prothrombin time, and international standardized ratio. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, according to the main clinical outcome of COVID-19, we comprehensively described three patterns of liver impairment related to COVID-19, hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, and hepatocellular disfunction. Patients died from COVID-19 tend to have different liver chemistries from those are discharged alive. Close monitoring of liver chemistries provides an early warning against COVID-19 related death. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.20080580v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080580 id: cord-125190-87wcp92x author: Xiong, Chenfeng title: Data-Driven Modeling Reveals the Impact of Stay-at-Home Orders on Human Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S date: 2020-05-02 words: 4359.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-125190-87wcp92x.txt summary: This study uses real-world location-based service data collected from anonymized mobile devices to uncover mobility changes during COVID-19 and under the ''Stay-at-home'' state orders in the U.S. The study measures human mobility with two important metrics: daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. While the data confirmed that, nationwide, mobility had dropped significantly one week or even two weeks before the orders were issued, an additional 6.1% decrease in daily average number of trips per person and 10.8% decrease in daily average person-miles traveled (PMT) were observed in the week after the order took effect across different states. To quantify how people in different states responded to "Stay-at-home" orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the longitudinal changes in state-level mobility using a generalized additive model (GAM) (Wood, 2017; Hastie, 1993; Hastie & Tibshirani, 1990 ) of daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. abstract: One approach to delay the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is to reduce human travel by imposing travel restriction policies. It is yet unclear how effective those policies are on suppressing the mobility trend due to the lack of ground truth and large-scale dataset describing human mobility during the pandemic. This study uses real-world location-based service data collected from anonymized mobile devices to uncover mobility changes during COVID-19 and under the 'Stay-at-home' state orders in the U.S. The study measures human mobility with two important metrics: daily average number of trips per person and daily average person-miles traveled. The data-driven analysis and modeling attribute less than 5% of the reduction in the number of trips and person-miles traveled to the effect of the policy. The models developed in the study exhibit high prediction accuracy and can be applied to inform epidemics modeling with empirically verified mobility trends and to support time-sensitive decision-making processes. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.00667v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-316690-s8jtv4an author: Xiong, Huan title: The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey date: 2020-09-08 words: 3310.0 sentences: 230.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316690-s8jtv4an.txt summary: title: The Psychological Status and Self-Efficacy of Nurses During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Survey We performed a cross-sectional survey to investigate the psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak between 16th and 25th February 2020. 8 A multinational, multicentre study showed that out of 906 health care workers who participated in the survey during COVID-19 pandemic suffered from expansive range of physical symptoms, 5.3% was moderate to very-severe depression, and 8.7% was moderate to extremely-severe anxiety. 23, 24 This study was to examine the psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses still working in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak, and explore the relationships among demographic variables, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. This survey was to investigate psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses in public hospital, still caring for patients during COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, our results show that nurses in non government designated hospital have great prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: A novel coronavirus pneumonia broke out and gradually developed into a global public health problem. Health care workers, especially nurses, suffered from great occupational pressure and psychological distress during the outbreak of infectious diseases. We performed a cross-sectional survey to investigate the psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak between 16th and 25th February 2020. A total of 223 nurses participated in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was 40.8% (CI 95%: 34.4%-47.2%) and 26.4% (CI 95%: 20.6%-42.2%), respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence of anxiety symptoms among demographic variables. There was significant differences in the prevalence of depression symptoms according to professional titles (P = .020). The mean score of self-efficacy was 25.90 ± 7.55. The self-efficacy was negatively correlated with anxiety (r = −0.161, P < .05). The psychological status of nurses in public hospital during COVID-19 outbreak needs our attention. Improving nurses’ self-efficacy in dealing with emerging infectious diseases may be helpful to their psychology. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32900271/ doi: 10.1177/0046958020957114 id: cord-262519-qjolkwsd author: Xiong, X. title: Are COVID-19 infected children with gastrointestinal symptoms different from those without symptoms? A comparative study of the clinical characteristics and epidemiological trend of 244 pediatric cases from Wuhan date: 2020-05-05 words: 3543.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262519-qjolkwsd.txt summary: We analyzed COVID-19 infected children in Wuhan who presented with initial GI symptoms to determine the GI characteristics and epidemiological trend of the disease. Conclusion: COVID-19 infected children with GI symptoms are prone to presenting with more clinical and laboratory abnormalities than patients without GI symptoms. The main purpose of this study was to describe the gastrointestinal clinical characteristics, to compare the differences between patients with and without GI symptoms, and to find out the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 children in Wuhan. [17] A study focusing on GI symptoms in COVID-19 adults noted that GI cases had a significantly higher rate of fever and a higher tendency to have a more severe disease. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. abstract: Objective: COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms occur in both adults and children. To date, however, no large sample size study focusing on gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric cases has been published. We analyzed COVID-19 infected children in Wuhan who presented with initial GI symptoms to determine the GI characteristics and epidemiological trend of the disease. Design: We retrospectively analyzed 244 children patients confirmed with COVID-19 at Wuhan Children's Hospital from 21 Jan to 20 Mar 2020. Symptomatic cases were divided into two groups according to whether the patients presented with or without GI symptoms on admission. Demographic, epidemiological, symptoms, and laboratory data were compared. We also analyzed the respective trends of case number changes of GI cases and asymptomatic cases. Results: 34 out of 193 symptomatic children had GI symptoms. They had lower median age and weight, a higher rate of fever, a longer length of stay and more hematological and biochemical abnormalities than patients without GI symptoms. There was no significant difference in chest CT findings or stool SARS-CoV-2 test positive percentages between the two groups. The number of patients admitted with GI symptoms showed an overall downward trend with time. At the time of writing, 242 patients were discharged, one died, and one critically ill patient was still in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: COVID-19 infected children with GI symptoms are prone to presenting with more clinical and laboratory abnormalities than patients without GI symptoms. More attention and timely hospital admission are needed for these patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.29.20084244v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20084244 id: cord-288865-5hu8i546 author: Xu, Gang title: New view on older adults with COVID-19: comments on “SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes” date: 2020-07-24 words: 1341.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288865-5hu8i546.txt summary: Studies in lower prevalence areas showed that the outcomes of older patients seemed not to be worse than that of younger patients. Several case reports showed atypical symptoms including falls, delirium, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in older patients, while olfactory and taste disorders were more likely to occur in younger patients (Giacomelli et al. Although older COVID-19 patients suffered more severe cases and complications, the outcomes seemed not to be worse than those of younger patients if handled properly in lower prevalence areas. It will be helpful to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of COVID-19 for the prevention and treatment in older patients. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 -Georgia SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710258/ doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00232-x id: cord-338973-73a7uvyz author: Xu, Jiabao title: Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV date: 2020-02-22 words: 7110.0 sentences: 426.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338973-73a7uvyz.txt summary: After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The source of unexplained pneumonia was first discovered in Wuhan in Dec, 2019, and SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus, was isolated from the respiratory epithelium of patients. Hong Kong scholars found that, compared with ribavirin alone, patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin had lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or death caused by SARS-CoV [76, 77] . A high-resolution crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) was announced after the outbreak of COVID-19 in the world [80] , and human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been treated as severe pathogens in respiratory tract infections. abstract: After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the world in 2003, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been reported as pathogens that cause severe symptoms in respiratory tract infections. Recently, a new emerged HCoV isolated from the respiratory epithelium of unexplained pneumonia patients in the Wuhan seafood market caused a major disease outbreak and has been named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus causes acute lung symptoms, leading to a condition that has been named as “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and of SARS-CoV caused widespread fear and concern and has threatened global health security. There are some similarities and differences in the epidemiology and clinical features between these two viruses and diseases that are caused by these viruses. The goal of this work is to systematically review and compare between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the context of their virus incubation, originations, diagnosis and treatment methods, genomic and proteomic sequences, and pathogenic mechanisms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32098422/ doi: 10.3390/v12020244 id: cord-308383-j1gi1cxu author: Xu, Jie title: Associations of Stay-at-Home Order and Face-Masking Recommendation with Trends in Daily New Cases and Deaths of Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-08 words: 3512.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308383-j1gi1cxu.txt summary: METHODS: In this quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study, we modeled temporal trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers in the USA between March 1 and April 20, 2020. There were two turning points in daily new-case trend, being March 28 (slope-changes = −0.09) and April 3 (slope-changes = −0.09), which appeared to be associated with implementation of SAHO on March 28 (affecting 48.5% of the US population in 22 states and District of Columbia), and face-masking recommendation on April 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases or deaths in the USA, which seem to be linked to implementation of SAHO and the Center for Disease Control''s face-masking recommendation. The multivariable piecewise log-linear regression models identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases and the time-varying reproduction number, Rt, in the USA, as well as the link between states'' relationship with New York and COVID-19 epidemics. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Public health interventions have reduced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in several countries, but their impacts on COVID-19 epidemics in the USA are unclear. We examined associations of stay-at-home order (SAHO) and face-masking recommendation with COVID-19 epidemics in the USA. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study, we modeled temporal trends in daily new cases and deaths of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers in the USA between March 1 and April 20, 2020. In addition, we conducted simulation analyses. RESULTS: The number of residents under SAHO increased since March 19 and plateaued at 290,829,980 (88.6% of the U.S. population) on April 7. Trends in COVID-19 time-varying reproduction numbers peaked on March 23, further reduced on April 3, and fell below/around 1.0 on April 13. Early-implementation and early-lift of SAHO would reduce and increase COVID-19 epidemics, respectively. Multivariable piecewise log-linear regression revealed the states’ neighboring relationship with New York was linked to COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. There were two turning points in daily new-case trend, being March 28 (slope-changes = −0.09) and April 3 (slope-changes = −0.09), which appeared to be associated with implementation of SAHO on March 28 (affecting 48.5% of the US population in 22 states and District of Columbia), and face-masking recommendation on April 3, respectively. There were also two turning points in daily new-death trend, being April 9 (slope-changes = −0.06) and April 19 (slope-changes = −0.90). CONCLUSIONS: We identified two turning points of COVID-19 daily new cases or deaths in the USA, which seem to be linked to implementation of SAHO and the Center for Disease Control’s face-masking recommendation. url: https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2020.00045 doi: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00045 id: cord-252933-bu4oihem author: Xu, Jieqing Jessica title: Renal Infarct in a COVID‐19 Positive Kidney‐Pancreas Transplant Recipient date: 2020-06-01 words: 1391.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252933-bu4oihem.txt summary: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the extent and duration of this hypercoagulable state remains unknown. We describe the first case report of renal allograft infarction in a 46‐year‐old kidney‐pancreas transplant recipient with no prior history of thromboembolism, who presented 26 days after diagnosis of COVID‐19. Since we are the first to report this complication, further investigation is required before making recommendations for thromboembolic prophylaxis in all solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19. In summary, we present the case of a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient with moderate to severe COVID-19 complicated by late kidney allograft segmental infarction. This is the first case of a thromboembolic event in a SARS-CoV-2 positive solid organ recipient. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe CoVID-19 patients Case report of CoVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation? abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events, but the extent and duration of this hypercoagulable state remains unknown. We describe the first case report of renal allograft infarction in a 46‐year‐old kidney‐pancreas transplant recipient with no prior history of thromboembolism, who presented 26 days after diagnosis of COVID‐19. At the time of renal infarct, he was COVID‐19 symptom free and repeat test for SARS‐CoV‐2 was negative. This case report suggests that a hypercoagulable state may persist even after resolution of COVID‐19. Further studies are required to determine thromboprophylaxis indications and duration in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16089 doi: 10.1111/ajt.16089 id: cord-315056-ohyb6oa0 author: Xu, Juanjuan title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset date: 2020-10-29 words: 4426.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315056-ohyb6oa0.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients presenting no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset This retrospective study presents the clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles, treatments, and outcomes of atypical COVID-19 patients without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. The study examined ten atypical patients out of 909 severe or critical patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan Union Hospital West Campus between 25 January 2020 and 10 February 2020. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan and nucleic acid detection should be performed immediately on close contacts of COVID-19 patients to screen out those with atypical infections, even if the contacts present without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of severe or critical COVID-19 patients who presented no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. An atypical patient was defined as a patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 but without characteristic fever or respiratory symptoms before hospital admission. abstract: It is difficult to identify suspected cases of atypical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and data on severe or critical patients are scanty. This retrospective study presents the clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles, treatments, and outcomes of atypical COVID-19 patients without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. The study examined ten atypical patients out of 909 severe or critical patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Wuhan Union Hospital West Campus between 25 January 2020 and 10 February 2020. Data were obtained from the electronic medical records of severe or critical patients without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. Outcomes were followed up to discharge or death. Among 943 COVID-19 patients, 909 (96.4%) were severe or critical type. Of the severe or critical patients, ten (1.1%) presented without respiratory symptoms or fever at admission. The median age of the ten participants was 63 years (interquartile range (IQR): 57–72), and seven participants were men. The median time from symptom onset to admission was 14 d (IQR: 7–20). Eight of the ten patients had chronic diseases. The patients had fatigue (n = 5), headache or dizziness (n = 4), diarrhea (n = 5), anorexia (n = 3), nausea or vomiting (n = 3), and eye discomfort (n = 1). Four patients were found to have lymphopenia. Imaging examination revealed that nine patients had bilateral pneumonia and one had unilateral pneumonia. Eventually, two patients died and eight were discharged. In the discharged patients, the median time from admission to discharge lasted 24 d (IQR: 13–43). In summary, some severe or critical COVID-19 patients were found to have no respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. All such atypical cases should be identified and quarantined as early as possible, since they tend to have a prolonged hospital stay or fatal outcomes. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan and nucleic acid detection should be performed immediately on close contacts of COVID-19 patients to screen out those with atypical infections, even if the contacts present without respiratory symptoms or fever at onset. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163252/ doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.009 id: cord-340938-mk01k235 author: Xu, Kandi title: Application of ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify the determinants of illness severity of COVID-19 in China date: 2020-07-07 words: 4143.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340938-mk01k235.txt summary: A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients from four hospitals in three provinces in China was established, and 598 patients were included from 1 January to 8 March 2020, and divided into moderate, severe and critical illness group. To our knowledge, no previous studies have been conducted to investigate the risk factors of severity of COVID-19 based on ordinal response, namely moderate, severe and critical illness. Here, we conducted a retrospective study based on COVID-19 patients from four designated hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei and Anhui provinces to describe the clinical features of COVID-19, and aimed to identify the predictors of multi-level response of severity from moderate, severe to critical illness. In this study, we identified older age, presence of hypertension, elevated ALT, cTnI and myohaemoglobin, prolonged interval between illness onset and diagnosis and admission as the independent determinants to predict the risk of developing more severe illness among COVID-19 patients. abstract: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented an unprecedented challenge to the health-care system across the world. The current study aims to identify the determinants of illness severity of COVID-19 based on ordinal responses. A retrospective cohort of COVID-19 patients from four hospitals in three provinces in China was established, and 598 patients were included from 1 January to 8 March 2020, and divided into moderate, severe and critical illness group. Relative variables were retrieved from electronic medical records. The univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to identify the independent predictors of illness severity. The cohort included 400 (66.89%) moderate cases, 85 (14.21%) severe and 113 (18.90%) critical cases, of whom 79 died during hospitalisation as of 28 April. Patients in the age group of 70+ years (OR = 3.419, 95% CI: 1.596–7.323), age of 40–69 years (OR = 1.586, 95% CI: 0.824–3.053), hypertension (OR = 3.372, 95% CI: 2.185–5.202), ALT >50 μ/l (OR = 3.304, 95% CI: 2.107–5.180), cTnI >0.04 ng/ml (OR = 7.464, 95% CI: 4.292–12.980), myohaemoglobin>48.8 ng/ml (OR = 2.214, 95% CI: 1.42–3.453) had greater risk of developing worse severity of illness. The interval between illness onset and diagnosis (OR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.012–1.101) and interval between illness onset and admission (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.009–1.087) were independent significant predictors of illness severity. Patients of critical illness suffered from inferior survival, as compared with patients in the severe group (HR = 14.309, 95% CI: 5.585–36.659) and in the moderate group (HR = 41.021, 95% CI: 17.588–95.678). Our findings highlight that the identified determinants may help to predict the risk of developing more severe illness among COVID-19 patients and contribute to optimising arrangement of health resources. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001533 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820001533 id: cord-313071-9nm460b0 author: Xu, M. title: Accurately Differentiating COVID-19, Other Viral Infection, and Healthy Individuals Using Multimodal Features via Late Fusion Learning date: 2020-08-21 words: 8569.0 sentences: 480.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313071-9nm460b0.txt summary: A moderately trained radiologist can differentiate CT scans of COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals with high accuracy as well, making the current efforts of developing DL algorithms not clinically useful for the binary classification problem ). Low-dimensional clinical and lab testing data are usually analyzed with traditional hypothesis-driven methods (e.g., binary logistic regression or multinomial classification) or other non-DL machine learning methods such as random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN). The huge discrepancy of feature space dimensionality between CT scan and clinical/lab testing data makes it an especially challenging task of multimodality fusion to combine these different aspects of biomedical information directly (Balrtusaitis et al. A study using CT scans to differentiate three multinomial classes: COVID (no clinical state information), non-COVID viral pneumonia, and health individuals had 89%-96% accuracy based on a total of 230 participants (Hu et al. abstract: Effectively identifying COVID-19 patients using non-PCR clinical data is critical for the optimal clinical outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of various biomedical features and appropriate technical approaches to accurately detecting COVID-19 patients. In this study, we recruited 214 confirmed COVID-19 patients in non-severe (NS) and 148 in severe (S) clinical type, 198 non-infected healthy (H) participants and 129 non-COVID viral pneumonia (V) patients. The participants' clinical information (23 features), lab testing results (10 features), and thoracic CT scans upon admission were acquired as three input feature modalities. To enable late fusion of multimodality data, we developed a deep learning model to extract a 10-feature high-level representation of the CT scans. Exploratory analyses showed substantial differences of all features among the four classes. Three machine learning models (k-nearest neighbor kNN, random forest RF, and support vector machine SVM) were developed based on the 43 features combined from all three modalities to differentiate four classes (NS, S, V, and H) at once. All three models had high accuracy to differentiate the overall four classes (95.4%-97.7%) and each individual class (90.6%-99.9%). Multimodal features provided substantial performance gain from using any single feature modality. Compared to existing binary classification benchmarks often focusing on single feature modality, this study provided a novel and effective breakthrough for clinical applications. Findings and the analytical workflow can be used as clinical decision support for current COVID-19 and other clinical applications with high-dimensional multimodal biomedical features. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.18.20176776v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.18.20176776 id: cord-261967-10mbsqmo author: Xu, Stanley title: Estimating the Growth Rate and Doubling Time for Short-Term Prediction and Monitoring Trend During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a SAS Macro date: 2020-04-11 words: 1920.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261967-10mbsqmo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261967-10mbsqmo.txt summary: title: Estimating the Growth Rate and Doubling Time for Short-Term Prediction and Monitoring Trend During the COVID-19 Pandemic with a SAS Macro Our goal was to develop an approach and create a SAS macro using observed data to estimate the growth rate and doubling time in days for short-term prediction. This paper illustrates that death data can be used to estimate the growth rate and doubling time to aid predicting future deaths, hospitalizations and COVID-19 cases. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057943 doi: medRxiv preprint /*Next, get r_k from the doubling time, which is the estimated growth rate from the last period*/ proc sql noprint; select distinct r ,r_lowerCL ,r_upperCL into :r_k, :r_k_lower, :r_k_upper from r_doubling_time where end_day = &fup_end ; quit; %put &fup_end &y_k &r_k &r_k_lower &r_k_upper; data prediction; k=&fup_end; do i=1 to &int_length; m = k + i; y_m = round(&y_k*((1+&r_k))**(m-k)); y_m_lowerCL = round(&y_k*((1+&r_k_lower))**(m-k)); y_m_upperCL = round(&y_k*((1+&r_k_upper))**(m-k)); output; end; format m date9.; keep m y_m y_m_lowerCL y_m_upperCL; run; abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread around the world and it causes tremendous stress to the US health care system. Knowing the trend of the COVID-19 pandemic is critical for the federal and local governments and health care system to prepare plans. Our aim was to develop an approach and create a SAS macro to estimate the growth rate and doubling time in days. We fit a series of growth curves using a rolling approach to estimate the growth rates and the doubling times. This approach was applied to the death data of New York State during March 14th and 31st. The growth rate was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.39-0.57) and the doubling time was 2.77 days (95% CI, 2.49-3.04) for the period of March 14th-March 20th; the growth rate decreased to 0.25 (95% CI, 0.22-0.28) and the doubling time increased to 4.09 days (95% CI, 3.73-4.44) for the period of March 25th-March 31st. This approach can be used for short-term prediction and monitoring the trend of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057943 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20057943 id: cord-133143-ws708tsc author: Xu, Wentao title: Characterizing the roles of bots during the COVID-19 infodemic on Twitter date: 2020-11-12 words: 4675.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-133143-ws708tsc.txt summary: In this paper, we examined the roles of bots in the case of the COVID-19 infodemic and the diffusion of non-credible information such as"5G"and"Bill Gates"conspiracy theories and"Trump"and"WHO"related contents by analyzing retweet networks and retweeted items. We show the bipartite topology of their retweet networks, which indicates that right-wing self-medium accounts and conspiracy theorists may lead to this opinion cleavage, while malicious bots might favor amplification of the diffusion of non-credible information. Although "5G" was considered as a popular conspiracy theory in the early COVID-19 pandemic, a larger number of non-credible bots were not observed in comparison with other topics. According to our data, this is the top retweeted user by non-credible bots in both "5G" and "Bill Gates" conspiracy topics. Overall, the noncredible bots and non-credible humans share 71%, 50%, 80% and 50% terms (nouns) used in the retweeted articles related to the "WHO","Trump","5G" and "Bill Gates" topics, respectively. The non-credible humans and bots share many users and domains in the four topics considered. abstract: An infodemic is an emerging phenomenon caused by an overabundance of information online. This proliferation of information makes it difficult for the public to identify trustworthy news and credible information from untrustworthy sites and non-credible sources. The perils of an infodemic debuted with the outbreak of the COVID-19 and bots (i.e., automated accounts controlled by a set of algorithms) that are suspected of involving the infodemic.Although previous research has revealed that bots played a central role in spreading misinformation during major political events, it is unclear how bots behaved during the infodemic. In this paper, we examined the roles of bots in the case of the COVID-19 infodemic and the diffusion of non-credible information such as"5G"and"Bill Gates"conspiracy theories and"Trump"and"WHO"related contents by analyzing retweet networks and retweeted items. We show the bipartite topology of their retweet networks, which indicates that right-wing self-medium accounts and conspiracy theorists may lead to this opinion cleavage, while malicious bots might favor amplification of the diffusion of non-credible information. Although the basic influence of information diffusion could be larger in human users than bots, the effects of bots are non-negligible under an infodemic situation. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.06249v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-271212-y8denvju author: Xu, Xia title: Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-25 words: 3097.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271212-y8denvju.txt summary: title: Analysis of inflammatory parameters and disease severity for 88 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed among moderate, severe and critically ill group patients. From February 3, 2020, to March 20, 2020, we conducted a retrospective study focusing on the clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, during which the rapid growth speed of diagnosis rated up to 58% in Wuhan, Hubei province. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Background and aim: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is quickly turning into a pandemic. We aimed to further clarify the clinical characteristics and the relationship between these features and disease severity. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed among moderate, severe and critically ill group patients. Results: 88 hospitalization patients confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. The average age of the patients was 57.11 years (SD, ±15.39). Of these 88 patients, the median body mass index (BMI) was 24.03 (IQR, 21.64-26.61; range 15.05-32.39), the median duration from disease onset to hospital admission were 11 days (IQR, 6.50-14.50). 46.59% patients had one or more comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common (26.14%), followed by diabetes mellitus (12.50%) and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) (7.95%). Common symptoms at onset of disease were fever (71.59%), cough (59.09%), dyspnea (38.64%) and fatigue (29.55%). 88 patients were divided into moderate (47 [53.41%]), severe (32 [36.36%]) and critically ill (9 [10.23%]) groups. Compared with severe and moderate patients, lymphocytopenia occurred in 85.71% critically ill patients, and serum IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, LDH, and cTnI were also increased in 71.42%, 83.33%, 57.14%, 71.43%, 100% and 42.86% in critically ill patients. Through our analysis, the age, comorbidities, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, ferritin, CRP, LDH, PT and inflammatory cytokines were statistically significant along with the disease severity. Conclusion: We found some clinical characteristic and inflammatory cytokines could reveal the severity of COVID-19 during the outbreak phage. Our research could assist the clinicians recognize severe and critically ill patients timely and focus on the expectant treatment for each patient. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.47935 doi: 10.7150/ijms.47935 id: cord-154091-uuupn82y author: Xu, Zhanwei title: GASNet: Weakly-supervised Framework for COVID-19 Lesion Segmentation date: 2020-10-19 words: 6364.0 sentences: 397.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-154091-uuupn82y.txt summary: The proposed framework is designed to mine the potential knowledge contained in many COVID-19 positive and negative CT volumes by embedding Generative Adversarial training in a standard Segmentation Network, referred to as GASNet, and hence its demand for voxel-level annotations is very small. When using only one voxel-level labeled sample in training, GASNet obtains a 70% Dice score on a public COVID-19 lesion segmentation dataset [5] , comparable to representative fully-supervised algorithms (U-Net [21] , V-Net [22] , and UNet ++ [23] ) requiring a large number of voxel-level annotated samples. We will also detail a simple but effective method of generating COVID-19 positive CT volumes with voxel-level pseudo-label to improve the segmentation performance of GASNet. Finally, we provide the implementation details, including the specific structure, data preprocessing, and the training hyperparameters. abstract: Segmentation of infected areas in chest CT volumes is of great significance for further diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. Due to the complex shapes and varied appearances of lesions, a large number of voxel-level labeled samples are generally required to train a lesion segmentation network, which is a main bottleneck for developing deep learning based medical image segmentation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a weakly-supervised lesion segmentation framework by embedding the Generative Adversarial training process into the Segmentation Network, which is called GASNet. GASNet is optimized to segment the lesion areas of a COVID-19 CT by the segmenter, and to replace the abnormal appearance with a generated normal appearance by the generator, so that the restored CT volumes are indistinguishable from healthy CT volumes by the discriminator. GASNet is supervised by chest CT volumes of many healthy and COVID-19 subjects without voxel-level annotations. Experiments on three public databases show that when using as few as one voxel-level labeled sample, the performance of GASNet is comparable to fully-supervised segmentation algorithms trained on dozens of voxel-level labeled samples. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.09456v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-280631-9hq9e1o6 author: Xu, Zheng‐Li title: COVID‐19 & Allogeneic Transplant: Activity and Preventive Measures for Best Outcomes in China date: 2020-06-01 words: 2057.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280631-9hq9e1o6.txt summary: The COVID‐19 pandemic poses a great challenge to all aspects of medical activities, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To minimize the risk of infection in transplantation, we focused on preventive measures and strict screening in each section of transplantation, involving healthy donors, recipients, caregivers and medical workers. The rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of medical activity, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This comment describes the possible impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on transplantation activity and introduces interim precautions in our centre during the outbreak period. recently demonstrated the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of donor haematopoietic stem Accepted Article cell products worldwide. In patients with low risk disease, a three-month transplantation deferral is Accepted Article recommended. Efficacy and Safety of Unmanipulated Haploidentical Related Donor Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic poses a great challenge to all aspects of medical activities, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To minimize the risk of infection in transplantation, we focused on preventive measures and strict screening in each section of transplantation, involving healthy donors, recipients, caregivers and medical workers. Due to the effective preventive work, our transplantation activity was not interrupted. In our centre, haploidentical donors are preferred over unrelated donors for reducing the uncertainty of COVID‐19 on the provision of stem cells, and graft compositions are advocated as fresh peripheral blood stem cells. We especially promoted telemedicine and avoided unnecessary clinic visits in the regular follow‐up after transplantation. Here, we describe the detailed preventive measures used during the outbreak of COVID‐19 in our centre to provide other countries with experience in transplantation. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/acg2.94 doi: 10.1002/acg2.94 id: cord-305286-nbbg511n author: Xu, Zihui title: The impact of type 2 diabetes and its management on the prognosis of patients with severe COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 4014.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305286-nbbg511n.txt summary: In this observational study, we characterized risk factors for severe COVID-19 with and without T2DM, and described the effects of commonly prescribed anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, and glucocorticoid therapy on clinical outcomes in hospitalized T2DM patients with severe COVID-19, which still remain unanswered. Information recorded included demographic data, medical history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings (e.g., random blood glucose on admission, cellular immunity, metabolic enzymes and other biochemical parameters), treatment measures (e.g., oxygen therapy, ventilator use), and drugs (e.g., insulin, anti-hyperglycaemic agents and glucocorticoids use). All of these indicate that diabetes status is a major risk factor for worse clinical outcomes/fatality in COVID-19 patients. 36 Our study found that a higher risk of all-cause fatality with GC treatment in severe COVID-19 patients with T2DM. GC treatment and fasting plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L were found to be risk factors for fatality in diabetes patients with COVID-19. Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: Although T2DM patients with COVID‐19 develop a more severe condition compared to those without diabetes, the mechanisms for this are unknown. Moreover, the impact of treatment with anti‐hyperglycemic drugs and glucocorticoids is unclear. METHODS: From 1584 COVID‐19 patients, 364 severe/critical COVID‐19 patients with clinical outcome were enrolled for the final analysis and patients without pre‐existing T2DM but elevated glucose levels were excluded. Epidemiological data were obtained and clinical‐status evaluation carried out to assess the impact of T2DM and its management on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 364 enrolled severe COVID‐19 inpatients, 114 (31.3%) cases had a history of T2DM. 27(23.7%) cases died in T2DM patients, who had more severe inflammation, coagulation activation, myocardia injury, hepatic injury, and kidney injury, compared with non‐DM patients. In severe COVID‐19 patients with T2DM, we demonstrate a higher risk of all‐cause fatality with glucocorticoid treatment (Adjusted HR, 3.61; 95%CI, 1.14‐11.46; P = 0.029), and severe hyperglycemia (FPG ≥11.1 mmol/L) (Adjusted HR, 11.86; 95%CI, 1.21‐116.44; P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM status aggravated the clinical condition of COVID‐19 patients and increased their critical illness risk. Poor fasting blood glucose (≥ 11.1 mmol/L) and glucocorticoid treatment are associated with poor prognosis for T2DM patients with severe COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32638507/ doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13084 id: cord-265082-gjbabh4g author: Xuan, Tian-ming title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report date: 2020-05-09 words: 1980.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265082-gjbabh4g.txt summary: title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 , who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on the clinical characteristics of this case, we propose that the possible mechanism of myocardial infarction here included severe pulmonary infection, imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis subsequent to lung transplantation, changes in blood flow shear stress, and possible cytokine storms, which in combination led to plaque rupture in the LAD artery. In terms of treating acute myocardial infarction, considering that the patient had recent 2019-nCoV infection and bilateral-lung transplantation, we organized multiple rounds of multi-disciplinary discussions and decided that primary coronary intervention rather than thrombolytic therapy was suitable for the patient. In addition to the patient''s underlying severe coronary atherosclerosis, factors such as viral infection, inflammatory cytokine storm, hypoxia, blood loss, and bilateral-lung transplantation may contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. abstract: 本文首次报告了重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)感染接受肺移植并行急症冠脉介入治疗的病 例。通过对多学科协作成功救治的总结, 为重症 COVID-19 救治提供经验。我们发现, 重症 COVID-19 感染在肺移植术后可能出现多种危险 因素诱发心肌梗死, 急症冠脉介入治疗是救治此 类患者的重要手段。 url: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b2000182 doi: 10.1631/jzus.b2000182 id: cord-032222-i6gfp4me author: Xue, Ling title: A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-10 words: 2867.0 sentences: 206.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032222-i6gfp4me.txt summary: Later, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses formally named this virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, and an effective vaccine has yet to be developed. 51 A recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector vaccine, developed by Chen Wei''s team, showed good safety and immunogenicity in a phase I clinical trial, rapidly inducing both humoral and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 in most participants. Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia abstract: In December 2019, a new respiratory disease manifesting as viral pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Isolation and identification of the virus showed that the pathogen causing this disease was a novel coronavirus. On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization named the novel coronavirus causing the outbreak 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease caused by the virus was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Later, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses formally named this virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus shows strong infectivity and high lethality, arousing widespread concern. As an emerging virus, a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is missing. To provide a reference and a theoretical basis for further study of SARS-CoV-2, recent advances in our understanding of the virus are summarized in this review. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488894/ doi: 10.1177/0300060520943802 id: cord-292417-hauq93v2 author: Xue, Mingshan title: Predictive effects of IgA and IgG combination to assess pulmonary exudation progression in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-08-17 words: 2585.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292417-hauq93v2.txt summary: In severe COVID‐19 patients, the combination of IgA and IgG can predict the progress of pulmonary lesions and is closely related to hypoxemia and both also play an important defense role in invasion and destruction of bronchial and alveolar epithelium by SARS‐CoV‐2. In severe COVID-19 patients, the combination of IgA and IgG can predict the progress of pulmonary lesions and is closely related to hypoxemia and both also play an important defense role in invasion and destruction of bronchial and alveolar epithelium by SARS-CoV-2. In our study, the level of IgG and increased to highest when the first symptoms began, and IgA peaked after admission 15-20 days, which were earlier than the chest PA & LAT and CT to the maximum lung exudation area, and both showed significant correlation with the oxygen partial pressure difference (A-aDO 2 ) and oxygenation index (OI) of arterial alveolar blood. abstract: Our study intended to longitudinally explore the prediction effect of IgA on pulmonary exudation progression in COVID‐19 patients. The serum IgA was tested with chemiluminescence method. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was used to extrapolate the IgA levels before hospital admission. The positive rate of IgA and IgG in our cohort was 97% and 79.0%. The IgA was peaked in 10‐15 days after admission, and IgG was peaked at the time of admission time while HRCT and chest PA & LAT (posteroanterior oblique and lateral views) were peaked in 20‐25 days after admission. We found that the time difference between their peaks was about 10 days. Viral RNA detection results showed that the positive rate in sputum and feces were the highest. Blood gas analysis showed that deterioration of hypoxia with the enlargement of pulmonary exudation area. And alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (A‐aDO(2)) and oxygenation index were correlated with IgA and IgG. The results of biopsy showed that the epithelium of lung was exfoliated and the mucosa was edematous. In severe COVID‐19 patients, the combination of IgA and IgG can predict the progress of pulmonary lesions and is closely related to hypoxemia and both also play an important defense role in invasion and destruction of bronchial and alveolar epithelium by SARS‐CoV‐2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26437 doi: 10.1002/jmv.26437 id: cord-255326-ito3q8da author: YOUMNI, A. title: Exploring Causal relationship between risk factors and vulnerability to COVID-19Cases of Italy, Spain, France, Greece, Portugal, Morocco and South Africa date: 2020-06-26 words: 3908.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255326-ito3q8da.txt summary: To do this, We used Multiple linear regression in our approach to modeling the relationship between the dependent variable (DV): vulnerability to COVID19 (which we presented by number of totals inhospital infected cases per million for each country) and the independent variables, probable risk factors approved by other studies, which are: median age, aged 65+, population density, international arrivals, BMI, diabetes prevalence, and temperature. We conducted multiple linear regression in our approach to modeling the relationship between the dependent variable : vulnerability to COVID19 (which we presented by number of totals in-hospital infected cases per million for each country) and the independent variables scores: median age, aged 65+, population density, international arrivals, BMI, diabetes prevalence, and temperature. abstract: Even though the infection rate of COVID-19 is very high as of today 31 May: 5,819,962 confirmed cases worldwide, the death rate is only about 6.23%, 362,786 deaths as for the same date. Furthermore, the rate of total infected cases is extremely different from one country to another as well as for the rate of mortality. Therefore, there may be some factors that possibly amplify the rate of infection from one country to another as well as for the rate of mortality due to COVID-19. In the literature, we have found multiple identified risk factors responsible for vulnerability to COVID19, we have chosen pertinent key risk factors for our study: Median-age, age>65 years old, weight, population density, diabetics, International arrivals, median temperature between March and May. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.24.20139121 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.24.20139121 id: cord-291627-5dqwyd9r author: Yadav, Rakhee title: SARS-CoV-2-host dynamics: Increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity date: 2020-07-21 words: 4361.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291627-5dqwyd9r.txt summary: 11 Many recent studies are now reporting obesity as one of the risk factors for severity of COVID-19 in USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, Spain and France [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] 67 (summarised in the In the current scenario, since USA has become the epi-centre of the COVID-19 pandemic; the dynamics of patient characteristics in terms of associated complications is showing a difference from the initial data put out by China. During the present pandemic, till now, it has been well established that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are the major risk factors for poor outcomes but considering a higher BMI to be a forerunner for both these co-morbidities, the inclusion of obesity and overweight individuals as candidates for poor COVID-19 outcomes becomes very important. 58 Thus, the interaction between ACE2-RAS system, adipose tissue and the SARS-CoV-2 could, at least partially, explain the higher morbidity and mortality risk of COVID-19 in obese patients. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The pandemic of COVID-19 has put forward the public health system across countries to prepare themselves for the unprecedented outbreak of the present time. Recognition of the associated risks of morbidity and mortality becomes not only imperative but also fundamental to determine the prevention strategies as well as targeting the high-risk populations for appropriate therapies. METHODS: We reviewed, collated and analysed the online database i.e. Pubmed, Google scholar, Researchgate to highlight the demographic and mechanistic link between obesity and associated risks of severity in COVID-19. RESULTS: We observed a changing dynamic in the reporting from the time of initial pandemic in China to currently reported research. While, initially body mass index (BMI) did not find a mention in the data, it is now clearly emerging that obesity is one of the profound risk factors for complications of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Our review will help clinicians and health policy makers in considering the importance of obesity in making the prevention and therapeutic strategies of COVID-19. An extra attention and precaution for patients with obesity in COVID-19 pandemic is recommended. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120302782 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.030 id: cord-321633-qr2w7azj author: Yadav, Sanjay Kumar title: Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool “EMERGE” date: 2020-09-17 words: 4008.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321633-qr2w7azj.txt summary: title: Rapid Scoping Review of Laparoscopic Surgery Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Appraisal Using a Simple Quality Appraisal Tool "EMERGE" Given the importance of this subject, we recognized an overt need to evaluate these guidelines in the form of a rapid scoping review and to construct a simple quality appraisal tool which gives due weightage to their impact on surgical services from the global south and can be used to evaluate rapidly emerging guidelines. This rapid scoping review of rapidly emerging laparoscopic surgery guidelines during COVID-19 found two major research gaps: lack of systematic review of the evidence (due to the urgency of situation and fear for the safety of HCPs) during their development and insufficient weightage of their impact on surgical services from the global south. EMERGE'': Construction of a simple quality appraisal tool for rapid review of laparoscopic surgery guidelines during COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The theoretical danger of virus transmission during laparoscopic surgery (LS) via surgical smoke and laparoscopy gas has led to the formulation of many guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid scoping review of these guidelines was done to assess the quality of their evidence and appraise them for their impact on surgical services from the global south. A simple quality appraisal tool was constructed which can be used to evaluate rapidly emerging guidelines for evidence as well as for the needs of the global south. This rapid scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews protocol. Electronic databases were searched with predefined strategy and retrieved papers were screened according to relevant criteria. A simple objective tool to assess the quality of rapidly emerging guidelines including evidence, methodology, ease, resource optimization, geography, and the economy was constructed. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. None of the guidelines qualified to be evidence-based clinical practice guidelines as the level of evidence was uniformly rated “low”. A newly constructed tool showed good validation, reliability, and internal consistency. This rapid scoping review found two major research gaps: lack of systematic review of evidence during their development and insufficient weightage of their impact on surgical services from the global south. These significant issues were addressed by constructing a simple and more representative tool for evaluating rapidly emerging guidelines which also gives the rightful importance of their impact on surgical services from the global south. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958987/ doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02596-y id: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author: Yadav, Uday Narayan title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 words: 3756.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt summary: These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We argue that, for people living with NCDs (PLWNCDs), COVID-19 is considered a syndemic-a synergistic pandemic that interacts with various pre-existing medical conditions and social, ecological, and political factors and exacerbates existing NCDs. Studies have reported higher proportions of frailty (13, 14) , malnutrition (15) , psychological problems (16) , and coinfections, including antimicrobial resistance pathogens, among PLWNCDs (17) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). abstract: The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected the lives of people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs). The health of PLWNCDs worsens when synergistic epidemics or “syndemics” occur due to the interaction between socioecological and biological factors, resulting in adverse outcomes. These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We conclude by reflecting on strategies and policies that deal with the COVID-19 syndemic among PLWNCDs in low- and middle-income countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 id: cord-282956-f7if9e5q author: Yaghi, Shadi title: SARS2-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System date: 2020-05-26 words: 2888.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282956-f7if9e5q.txt summary: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and April 19, 2020, within a major health system in New York, the current global epicenter of the pandemic. In this multi-ethnic study, we report key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who develop ischemic stroke associated with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The observed rate of imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of 0.9% was lower compared with prior reports from Chinese COVID-19 studies. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. However, there is limited data on the clinical characteristics, stroke mechanism, and outcomes of patients who have a stroke and COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and April 19, 2020, within a major health system in New York, the current global epicenter of the pandemic. We compared the clinical characteristics of stroke patients with a concurrent diagnosis of COVID-19 to stroke patients without COVID-19 (contemporary controls). In addition, we compared patients to a historical cohort of patients with ischemic stroke discharged from our hospital system between March 15, 2019, and April 15, 2019 (historical controls). RESULTS: During the study period in 2020, out of 3556 hospitalized patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, 32 patients (0.9%) had imaging proven ischemic stroke. Cryptogenic stroke was more common in patients with COVID-19 (65.6%) as compared to contemporary controls (30.4%, P=0.003) and historical controls (25.0%, P<0.001). When compared with contemporary controls, COVID-19 positive patients had higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and higher peak D-dimer levels. When compared with historical controls, COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to be younger men with elevated troponin, higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with COVID-19 and stroke had significantly higher mortality than historical and contemporary controls. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a low rate of imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Most strokes were cryptogenic, possibly related to an acquired hypercoagulability, and mortality was increased. Studies are needed to determine the utility of therapeutic anticoagulation for stroke and other thrombotic event prevention in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.030335 doi: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030335 id: cord-310738-fnsf2qqm author: Yalcin Bahat, Pinar title: Micronutrients in COVID-19 Positive Pregnancies date: 2020-09-23 words: 2606.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310738-fnsf2qqm.txt summary: The aim of this study was to measure serum 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc levels in COVID-19 positive pregnant women to evaluate the role of these micronutrients in treatment and prevention. The aim of this study was to measure serum 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc levels in COVID-19 positive pregnant women to evaluate the role of these micronutrients in the prevention and to evaluate the possible cause between the blood levels of micronutrients and the COVID-19 infection. Pregnant women whose PCR test was positive for COVID-19, pregnancies older than eight weeks of gestation, and women who did not receive any antibacterial or antiviral treatment during the past three months or did not receive any 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc supplements during their pregnancy were included in the study. Additionally, it has been shown that serum zinc levels correlate positively with better immune response in pregnant women against infections [17] . abstract: Pregnant women are considered among the high-risk population for COVID-19. Therefore, research for methods of treatment and prevention of COVID-19 positive pregnancies carries an importance. The aim of this study was to measure serum 25(OH)D, vitamin B12, and zinc levels in COVID-19 positive pregnant women to evaluate the role of these micronutrients in treatment and prevention. A total of 44 COVID-19 positive pregnant women who were hospitalized and treated at a tertiary clinic were included in this study. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was measured to be 9.70 ± 59.14. The mean serum zinc level was 62.58 ± 2.63, and the mean serum vitamin B12 level was 295.55 ± 302.48. All these variables were significantly lower than the accepted cut-off values (p < 0.001). These low values might have contributed to a deficiency in their immune response and thus made these patients susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Supplementation of micronutrients during the pandemic could be beneficial during pregnancy for prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983745/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.10609 id: cord-155804-ft2pbgsl author: Yamac, Mehmet title: Convolutional Sparse Support Estimator Based Covid-19 Recognition from X-ray Images date: 2020-05-08 words: 6021.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-155804-ft2pbgsl.txt summary: To address this deficiency, Convolution Support Estimation Network (CSEN) has recently been proposed as a bridge between model-based and Deep Learning approaches by providing a non-iterative real-time mapping from query sample to ideally sparse representation coefficient'' support, which is critical information for class decision in representation based techniques. The socalled Convolutional Support Estimation Network (CSEN) uses a pre-defined dictionary and learns a direct mapping using moderate/low size training set, which maps query samples, y, directly to the support set of representation coefficients, x (as it should be purely sparse in the ideal case). Having the pre-trained CheXNet for feature extraction, we develop two different strategies to obtain the classes of query X-ray images: (i) using collaborative representation-based classification with a proper preprocessing; (ii) a slightly modified version of our recently proposed convolution support estimator (CSEN) models. abstract: Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has been the main agenda of the whole world since it came in sight in December 2019. It has already caused thousands of causalities and infected several millions worldwide. Any technological tool that can be provided to healthcare practitioners to save time, effort, and possibly lives has crucial importance. The main tools practitioners currently use to diagnose Covid-19 are Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Computed Tomography (CT), which require significant time, resources and acknowledged experts. X-ray imaging is a common and easily accessible tool that has great potential for Covid-19 diagnosis. In this study, we propose a novel approach for Covid-19 recognition from chest X-ray images. Despite the importance of the problem, recent studies in this domain produced not so satisfactory results due to the limited datasets available for training. Recall that Deep Learning techniques can generally provide state-of-the-art performance in many classification tasks when trained properly over large datasets, such data scarcity can be a crucial obstacle when using them for Covid-19 detection. Alternative approaches such as representation-based classification (collaborative or sparse representation) might provide satisfactory performance with limited size datasets, but they generally fall short in performance or speed compared to Machine Learning methods. To address this deficiency, Convolution Support Estimation Network (CSEN) has recently been proposed as a bridge between model-based and Deep Learning approaches by providing a non-iterative real-time mapping from query sample to ideally sparse representation coefficient' support, which is critical information for class decision in representation based techniques. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.04014v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-288575-srpc68t8 author: Yamakage, Michiaki title: Anesthesia in the times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-25 words: 1314.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288575-srpc68t8.txt summary: As anesthesiologists, our work in operating rooms, emergency departments, and/or intensive care units often brings us in close proximity to the patient''s airway, exposing us to their aerosolized respiratory secretions. Wen X and Li Y briefly, but adequately, described anesthesia procedures for emergency surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in their letter [4] . [25] described the anesthetic management of cardiac surgical patients in their literature; we, could not, however, find any further information regarding this, especially in relation to cardiac anesthesia. Anesthesia procedure of emergency operation for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 Anesthetic management of patients with COVID 19 infections during emergency procedures Anesthesia management and perioperative infection control in patients with the novel coronavirus Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 coronavirus infection Chinese society of anesthesiology expert consensus on anesthetic management of cardiac surgical patients with suspected or confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-020-02798-4 doi: 10.1007/s00540-020-02798-4 id: cord-294139-78c5h7la author: Yamakawa, Mai title: Clinical Characteristics of Stroke with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-29 words: 3096.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294139-78c5h7la.txt summary: The frequency of common comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome /coronary artery disease), atrial fibrillation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and malignancy), etiology of stroke if specified in the articles, and treatment (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), mechanical thrombectomy, and anticoagulation were calculated by summation of events divided by the number of total patients from all studies whose information is available for each value. The salient findings of the study can be summarized as the followings; (1) the frequency of stroke in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 1.1%, with mean days from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke at 8 days, most commonly cryptogenic; (2) even with early case series with younger patients without a pre-existing medical condition, the mean age was 66.6, with slight male preponderance (65.6%); (3) stroke risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and prior strokes were common as comorbidities; altered mental status was as frequent as 51.4 % as presenting symptom of stroke; (4) elevation of d-dimer and CRP were reproduced after synthesis of results; (5) case fatality rate was as high as 44.2% in patients with COVID-19 and stroke. abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) potentially increases the risk of thromboembolism and stroke. Numerous case reports and retrospective cohort studies have been published with mixed characteristics of COVID-19 patients with stroke regarding age, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome. We aimed to depict the frequency and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with stroke. METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched on June 10, 2020, to investigate COVID-19 and stroke through retrospective cross-sectional studies, case series/reports according to PRISMA guidelines. Study-specific estimates were combined using one-group meta-analysis in a random-effects model. RESULTS: 10 retrospective cohort studies and 16 case series/reports were identified including 183 patients with COVID-19 and stroke. The frequency of detected stroke in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 1.1% ([95% confidential interval (CI)]: [0.6-1.6], I(2)=62.9%). Mean age was 66.6 ([58.4-74.9], I(2)=95.1%), 65.6% was male (61/93 patients). Mean days from symptom onset of COVID-19 to stroke was 8.0 ([4.1-11.9], p< 0.001, I(2)=93.1%). D-dimer was 3.3 μg/mL ([1.7-4.9], I(2)=86.3%), and cryptogenic stroke was most common as etiology at 50.7% ([31.0-70.4] I(2)=64.1%, 39/71patients). Case fatality rate was 44.2% ([27.9-60.5], I(2)=66.7%, 40/100 patients). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review assessed the frequency and clinical characteristics of stroke in COVID-19 patients. The frequency of detected stroke in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 1.1 % and associated with older age and stroke risk factors. Frequent cryptogenic stroke and elevated d-dimer level support increased risk of thromboembolism in COVID-19 associated with high mortality. Further study is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology and prognosis of stroke in COVID-19 to achieve most effective care for this population. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105288 doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105288 id: cord-352562-qfb478sf author: Yamamoto, Lidia title: SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review date: 2020-09-04 words: 7315.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352562-qfb478sf.txt summary: In the section devoted to the specific laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, the most used RT-PCR protocols were described and some studies on the serological diagnosis with IgA, IgM and IgG detection were detailed, including the use of rapid immunochromatographic assays and discussing the ideal period after the onset of symptoms to perform each type of test. They identified 191 cases in hospitalized patients younger than 21 years of age, reported by hospitals in the New York State with the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, myocarditis, and suspected multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C). The laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 are based on the detection of viral RNA by real time amplifications (RT-PCR) 40 or the detection of antibodies (immunoglobulins) anti-SARS-CoV-2 from the classes IgM, IgA and IgG, produced by the host''s immune system. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review abstract: This narrative review summarizes the main aspects underlying the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, its epidemiology, pathophysiology, pointing to differences of SARS-CoV-2 main receptors ACE2, in terms of expression and the amount of soluble ACE2 in the circulation of children, men and women, and also in those with risk factors such as the smokers and pregnant women or presenting with comorbidities (diabetes, obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, renal and CNS pre-existing diseases). Clinical manifestations in adults and children were also described, emphasizing the particularities already seen in children, regarding signs, symptoms, viral excretion time and the involvement of all organs and systems. The COVID-19 in the pediatric population was divided into two sections: one dedicated to previously healthy children and adolescents with COVID-19, and the other to those who live with comorbidities and acquired COVID-19. A few paragraphs were reserved to the recently described severe multisystemic inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) that shares certain characteristics with Kawasaki disease. Some studies on the infection in pregnant and postpartum women, as well as neonates were shown. This review has also covered the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, passing through the imaging diagnosis made by the chest tomography revealing ground glass patching opacities, and results of non-specific exams such as the total blood with lymphopenia, the coagulation tests with increased prothrombin times, as well as marked increments of the D-dimer, troponin and proinflammatory cytokines. In the section devoted to the specific laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, the most used RT-PCR protocols were described and some studies on the serological diagnosis with IgA, IgM and IgG detection were detailed, including the use of rapid immunochromatographic assays and discussing the ideal period after the onset of symptoms to perform each type of test. In the end, the management of pediatric patients with COVID-19 based mainly on supportive measures has been briefly commented. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062065 doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062065 id: cord-315576-bgcqkz0p author: Yamamoto, Naoki title: Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation date: 2020-08-05 words: 6114.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315576-bgcqkz0p.txt summary: The comparison of the numbers of cases and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 shows that people in Central Europe are much more affected than people in East Asia where the disease originally occurred. Trying to explain this difference, this communication presents four hypotheses that propose the following reasons for the observed findings: 1) Differences in social behaviors and cultures of people in the two regions; 2) Possible outbreak of virulent viruses in Central Europe due to multiple viral infection, and the involvement of immuno-virological factors associated with it, 3) Possibility of corona resistance gene mutation occurring among East Asians as a result of long-term co-evolution of virus and host, and 4) possible involvement of hygienic factors. For the analysis of the difference regarding the number of infected people and the death tolls due to COVID-19 between Central European and East Asian 5 countries, we have chosen Italy, Spain, France, Germany and UK from Central Europe and China, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan from South East Asia. abstract: The comparison of the numbers of cases and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 shows that people in Central Europe are much more affected than people in East Asia where the disease originally occurred. Trying to explain this difference, this communication presents four hypotheses that propose the following reasons for the observed findings: 1) Differences in social behaviors and cultures of people in the two regions; 2) Possible outbreak of virulent viruses in Central Europe due to multiple viral infection, and the involvement of immuno-virological factors associated with it, 3) Possibility of corona resistance gene mutation occurring among East Asians as a result of long-term co-evolution of virus and host, and 4) possible involvement of hygienic factors. Direct or indirect supportive evidences for each one of our hypotheses are presented and experimental approaches for their evaluation are discussed. Finally, we suggest that the dynamics of the pandemic also shows that the problems of the new coronavirus can be overcome due to people's awareness of the epidemics, rational viral diagnostics and a high level of medical care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720314912?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110160 id: cord-318319-efqf5e1i author: Yamasaki, Yukitaka title: The peripheral lymphocyte count as a predictor of severe COVID-19 and the effect of treatment with ciclesonide date: 2020-07-03 words: 2136.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318319-efqf5e1i.txt summary: The lymphocyte count after ciclesonide treatment in the non-severe pneumonia group was significantly higher (p = 0. Many patients with coronavirus infection disease 2019(COVID-19) are subclinical, and it has been reported that people are J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f contagious even when asymptomatic [1, 2] , which means preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is challenging [3] . Risk factors of severe pneumonia include age, comorbidities, smoking, reduced lymphocyte count, elevated ferritin levels, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] . In addition, we examined whether ciclesonide could prevent the development of severe COVID-19 among patients with these predictors. Moreover, the lymphocyte count after ciclesonide therapy in the non-severe pneumonia group was significantly higher (p=0.0156) compared to before treatment (mean 6.14 days, SD 2.17) (Figure 3b ). abstract: We investigated whether reduced lymphocyte count, could predict the development of severe COVID-19. We also examined whether ciclesonide could prevent the development of severe COVID-19 among patients with the predictors. This was a retrospective cohort study. Of the 30 included patients, 12, 14, and 4 were allocated to severe pneumonia, non-severe pneumonia, and non-pneumonia groups, respectively. The group of the low level of lymphocyte counts of the sixth day after onset was significantly intubated approximately three days later. The incidence of the severe pneumoniae requiring intubation are significantly lower in the patients treated with ciclesonide than without it (11.18 % vs 83.33%, p = 0.0033). The lymphocyte count after ciclesonide treatment in the non-severe pneumonia group was significantly higher (p = 0. 0156) than before. The lymphocyte count could be used to identify patients that may develop severe COVID-19. Treatment with ciclesonide may prevent the development of severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198089 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198089 id: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4178.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China''s Hubei province. In recent years we have witnessed an increased growth and spread of communicable and highly contagious viruses and diseases like EBOLA [3] , HIV Aids [4] , Swine Influenza (H1N1, H1N2) [5] , various strands of Flu [6] , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [7] and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [8] in Africa, the Middle East and several other parts of the world. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ( Fig. 1) , which is resulting in a heavy toll on people''s lives and colossal economic damage. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China's Hubei province. Due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide, the WHO in March 2020, declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Historically, first coronavirus had surfaced in 1965 with symptoms of common cold. Since then five different strands of this virus have emerged, most lethal of them was the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which infected about eight thousand people, killing ten percent of them. The COVID-19 is not the most deadly pandemic world has ever witnessed as the Spanish influenza pandemic, during 1918–19, killed more than fifty million people. Indeed COVID-19 has turned out to be the most lethal of all coronaviruses as it has infected at least three million people killing more than two hundred thousands of them in the first 4 months of its spread. Many politicians and social scientists have dubbed the depression, being caused by COVID-19, worse than that caused by the Second World War. In this article, we shall analyze economic, social, cultural, educational and political impact of the COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32412538/ doi: 10.1007/s41870-020-00466-0 id: cord-355503-9baof9z8 author: Yan, Aihua title: How hospitals in mainland China responded to the outbreak of COVID-19 using IT-enabled services: an analysis of hospital news webpages date: 2020-04-20 words: 3806.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355503-9baof9z8.txt summary: RESULTS: We identified five focal themes across the webpages published by the hospitals during our study period including (1) popular medical science education, (2) digitalized hospital processes, (3) knowledge management for medical professionals, (4) telemedicine, and (5) new IT initiatives for healthcare services. Our analysis revealed that Chinese hospitals spent greater effort in promoting popular medical science education in the initial stages of our study period and more on telemedicine in the latter stages. Based on the 360 events identified in the published hospital pages, five themes emerged on how IT was used to respond to COVID-19, including Theme 1 (T1): dissemination of popular medical science education, Theme 2 (T2): digitalized hospital processes, Theme 3 (T3): Second, the response strategy may contain one or more of these four categories of IT-enabled services, i.e., disseminating popular medical science education, knowledge management for healthcare workers, telemedicine, and digitalized hospital processes. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many countries have implemented quarantine rules during the global outbreak of COVID-19. Understanding how hospitals can continue providing services in an effective manner under these circumstances is thus important. In this study, we investigate how information technology (IT) helped hospitals in mainland China better respond to the outbreak of the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a content analysis of pages published on the websites of the Top 50 hospitals in mainland China between January 22, 2020 and February 21, 2020. In total, we analyzed 368 pages that the hospitals published during the initial days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose was to identify common themes related to the utilization of IT by these hospitals in response to the pandemic’s outbreak. RESULTS: We identified five focal themes across the webpages published by the hospitals during our study period including (1) popular medical science education, (2) digitalized hospital processes, (3) knowledge management for medical professionals, (4) telemedicine, and (5) new IT initiatives for healthcare services. Our analysis revealed that Chinese hospitals spent greater effort in promoting popular medical science education in the initial stages of our study period and more on telemedicine in the latter stages. DISCUSSION: We propose a configurational approach for hospitals to design response strategies to pandemic outbreaks based on their available resources. CONCLUSION: Our study provides rich insights for hospitals to better utilize their IT resources and some recommendations for policy makers to better support hospitals in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa064 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa064 id: cord-345360-wlzgq7f9 author: Yan, Alice F. title: Perceived Risk, Behavior Changes and Health-related Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings among Adults with and without Diabetes in China date: 2020-07-22 words: 3899.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345360-wlzgq7f9.txt summary: AIMS: To examine perceived infection risk of COVID-19 and the health and related behavior changes among people with diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, and to examine factors associated with self-reported health during the national quarantine period in China. The objectives of this time-sensitive study are: 1) to examine perceived risk of COVID-19 and levels of worry among people with diabetes, and compare with the perceptions of those without diabetes; 2) to examine the health-related experiences and behaviors of people with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes, and 3) to examine factors associated with self-reported health status during the COVID-19 quarantine period in China. To our knowledge, no studies to date have reported findings related to perceived infection risks and the impacts of COVID-19 on a large sample of people with diabetes on health-related outcomes and lifestyle behavior changes in China, where COVID-19 was first reported, and many vigorous nationwide measures were taken to control its spread. abstract: AIMS: To examine perceived infection risk of COVID-19 and the health and related behavior changes among people with diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, and to examine factors associated with self-reported health during the national quarantine period in China. METHODS: The 2020 China COVID-19 Survey is an anonymous 74-item survey administered via social media across China. A national sample of 10,545 adults in all 31 provinces in mainland China provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, awareness, attitudes towards COVID-19, lifestyle factors, and health outcomes during the quarantine. Regression models tested associations among study variables adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Among the 9,016 total participants (42.6% men and 57.4% women), 585 reported having diagnosed diabetes and 8,431 had no diabetes. Participants with diabetes perceived themselves to be at higher risk and were more worried about being infected with COVID-19 when compared to non-diabetic individuals (p<.001). During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants with diabetes were more likely to experience food and drug shortages and to increase their physical activity, compared to their counterparts. Among diabetic respondents, a high proportion of current smokers (74.1%) and drinkers (68.5%) reported increased amounts of smoking and drinking. People with diabetes were 11% less likely to report excellent or very good health. Having 150 minutes/week physical activity was positively associated with excellent or very good health (prevalence ratio, PR=1.14, 95%CI 1.11-1.16). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of people with diabetes perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and increased their smoking and drinking during the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710996/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108350 id: cord-281185-myfuzsh7 author: Yan, Bin title: China’s experience on mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 words: 898.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281185-myfuzsh7.txt summary: Encourage patients to self-study and help each other, obtain scientific outbreak information and mental health knowledge, carry out self-psychological evaluation and adjustment, and seek online professional help. Participate in medical care shifts and ward rounds to identify patients who need psychological assistance and help them adopt psychological assessment, and develop specific plans based on the patient''s mental status. Second, identify patients with psychosocial problems, provide crisis intervention and psychiatric medication. For discharged patients who need continuous J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f psychological assistance or psychiatric drug intervention, the information handled by the psychiatric department should be recorded in medical documents and referred to the corresponding isolation places, so as to continue to provide psychological assistance and social work services, to avoid extreme events. Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820303178 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102205 id: cord-258583-5qdthy0j author: Yan, He title: Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in‐hospital mortality in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-09-30 words: 2580.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258583-5qdthy0j.txt summary: We aimed to explore the association between OI and mortality according to the number of affected organs (heart, liver, and kidney) in patients with COVID-19. The primary findings of this investigation were the following: Clinical studies suggested SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with heart, kidney, and liver injury, which could serve as possible risk factors for increased disease severity. Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: a retrospective study A comparative study of clinical presentation and risk factors for adverse outcome in patients hospitalised with acute respiratory disease due to MERS coronavirus or other causes Association of reninangiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China Multiple organ injury on admission predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 abstract: Multiorgan injury has been implicated in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We aim to assess the impact of organ injury (OI) on prognosis according to the number of affected organs at admission. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with confirmed COVID‐19 in Wuhan Third Hospital & Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from February 17 to March 22, 2020. We classified the patients according to the presence and number of damaged organs (heart, liver, and kidney). The percentage of patients with no, one, two, or three organs affected was 59.75%, 30.46%, 8.07%, and 1.72%, respectively. With the increasing number of OI, there is a tendency of gradual increase regarding the white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase, D‐dimer, and fibrinogen as well as the incidence of most complications. In a Cox regression model, individuals with OI, old age, and an abnormal level of CRP were at a higher risk of death compared with those without. Patients with three organ injuries had the highest mortality rate (57.9%; hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence interval [CI] vs. patients without OI: 22.31 [10.42–47.77], those with two [23.6%; HR = 8.68, 95% CI = 4.58–16.48], one [8.6%; HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.7–5.7], or no OI [2.6%]; p < .001). The increasing number of OI was associated with a high risk of mortality in COVID‐19 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32949175/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26534 id: cord-306377-s9j21zsy author: Yan, Li title: A machine learning-based model for survival prediction in patients with severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-01 words: 3467.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306377-s9j21zsy.txt summary: To support decision making and logistical planning in healthcare systems, this study leverages a database of blood samples from 404 infected patients in the region of Wuhan, China to identify crucial predictive biomarkers of disease severity. For this purpose, machine learning tools selected three biomarkers that predict the survival of individual patients with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027 doi: medRxiv preprint Data Pre-processing: Imported patients'' data, used all clinical measurements of their last available date as features and set ''survival'' and ''death'' as labels for two classes. Multi-tree XGBoost was trained with the parameters setting as the max depth with 4, the learning rate was equal 0.2, the tress number of estimators was set to 150, the value of the regularization parameter α was set to 1 and the ''subsample'' and ''colsample_bytree'' both were set to 0.9 to prevent overfitting when there were many features but the sample size was not large [5] . abstract: The sudden increase of COVID-19 cases is putting a high pressure on healthcare services worldwide. At the current stage, fast, accurate and early clinical assessment of the disease severity is vital. To support decision making and logistical planning in healthcare systems, this study leverages a database of blood samples from 404 infected patients in the region of Wuhan, China to identify crucial predictive biomarkers of disease severity. For this purpose, machine learning tools selected three biomarkers that predict the survival of individual patients with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). In particular, relatively high levels of LDH alone seem to play a crucial role in distinguishing the vast majority of cases that require immediate medical attention. This finding is consistent with current medical knowledge that high LDH levels are associated with tissue breakdown occurring in various diseases, including pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia. Overall, this paper suggests a simple and operable formula to quickly predict patients at the highest risk, allowing them to be prioritised and potentially reducing the mortality rate. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027 doi: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20028027 id: cord-312362-i18rlo2r author: Yan, Linlin title: The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style date: 2020-10-29 words: 3817.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312362-i18rlo2r.txt summary: title: The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style A recent online survey found that moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety, and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8%, and 16.5%, respectively, However, few studies explored the relationship between perceived stress related to the current pandemic and emotional distress. This study aimed to explore (a) whether the level of perceived stress to the COVID-19 pandemic would link with emotional distress (i.e., depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria), (b) whether boredom proneness would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress, (c) and whether the direct path between perceived stress and emotional distress would be moderated by individuals'' coping style. The results demonstrated that individuals who experienced greater perceived stress about the COVID-19 pandemic reported more emotional distress measured by PQEEPH including depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria. abstract: The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was a great threat to the physical and mental health of the general population. Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the initial outbreak. Furthermore, potential risk and protective factors, i.e., coping and boredom proneness, of stress-related emotional distress were also explored. Data from 3233 participants in China were collected through an online survey platform during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 from January 31 to February 9 in 2020. The results showed that higher perceived stress was associated with more emotional distress including depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria. Boredom proneness significantly and positively mediated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress. Moreover, coping style moderated the stress-emotional distress relationship, i.e., individuals who mainly adopted positive coping strategies suffered fewer symptoms of depression, compulsion-anxiety, and neurasthenia under stress, while negative coping strategies aggravated emotional distress. The results from the present study provide practical value for mental health intervention during the emergent public health events. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618520301420?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102328 id: cord-342294-x18xmrji author: Yan, Nao title: Medium Term Follow-Up of 337 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-03 words: 2707.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342294-x18xmrji.txt summary: Risk factors of nucleic acid re-positivity including the number of lobes infiltration (odds ratio[OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19), distribution (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.13–0.19), CT imaging feature of patchy shadowing accompanying with consolidation (OR, 9.36; 95% CI, 7.84–11.17), respiratory symptoms of cough accompanying with expectoration (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28–1.52), and chest congestion accompanying by dyspnea (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28–1.57). Considering the high infectious characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, all recovered patients continue to undergo 14 days postdischarge quarantine at designated locations, which is required by the diagnosis and treatment program for novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 6). All patients were detected to be SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive by a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and classified as mild to moderate cases on admission based on the criteria issued by the National Health Commission (NHC) of the People''s Republic of China. abstract: Background: With the adoption of powerful preventive and therapeutic measures, a large number of patients with COVID-19 have recovered and been discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. Prevention of epidemic rebound is a top priority of current works. However, information regarding post-discharge quarantine and surveillance of recovered patients with COVID-19 is scarce. Methods: This study followed up 337 patients with COVID-19 in a Wuhan East-West Lake Fangcang shelter hospital during the post-discharge quarantine. Demographic, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and chest computed tomography (CT) image, mental state, medication status, and nucleic acid test data were summarized and analyzed. Results: 21/337 (6.2%) patients were SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid re-positive, and 4 /337(1.2%) patients were suspected positive. The median day interval between the discharge to nucleic acid re-positivity was 7.5 days (IQR, 6–13), ranging from 6 to 13 days. Cough/expectoration are the most common symptoms, followed by chest congestion/dyspnea during the 2 weeks post-discharge quarantine. Risk factors of nucleic acid re-positivity including the number of lobes infiltration (odds ratio[OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19), distribution (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.13–0.19), CT imaging feature of patchy shadowing accompanying with consolidation (OR, 9.36; 95% CI, 7.84–11.17), respiratory symptoms of cough accompanying with expectoration (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28–1.52), and chest congestion accompanying by dyspnea (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28–1.57). Conclusion: The 2 weeks post-discharge quarantine may be an effective measure to prevent the outbreak from rebounding from the recovered patients. The second week is a critical period during post-discharge quarantine. Special attention should be paid to cough, expectoration, chest congestion, and dyspnea in recovered COVID-19 patients. A few recovered patients may prolong the quarantine based on clinical symptoms and signs and nucleic acid results in the 2 weeks of medical observation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32719806/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00373 id: cord-340398-bph0ro5v author: Yan, Xisheng title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study date: 2020-06-09 words: 1918.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340398-bph0ro5v.txt summary: title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross‐sectional study This retrospective study was designed to explore whether neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, NLR more than 11.75 was significantly correlated with all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio = 44.351; 95% confidence interval = 4.627‐425.088). The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a simple marker of the systemic inflammatory response in critical care patients. In this study, we found there was an association between NLR and the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality in older adults admitted to the emergency department Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as prognostic and predictive factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cross-sectional study abstract: This retrospective study was designed to explore whether neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A cohort of patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from 11 January 2020 to 3 March 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients with hematologic malignancy were excluded. The NLR was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. NLR values were measured at the time of admission. The primary outcome was all‐cause in‐hospital mortality. A multivariate logistic analysis was performed. A total of 1004 patients with COVID‐19 were included in this study. The mortality rate was 4.0% (40 cases). The median age of nonsurvivors (68 years) was significantly older than survivors (62 years). Male sex was more predominant in nonsurvival group (27; 67.5%) than in the survival group (466; 48.3%). NLR value of nonsurvival group (median: 49.06; interquartile range [IQR]: 25.71‐69.70) was higher than that of survival group (median: 4.11; IQR: 2.44‐8.12; P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, NLR more than 11.75 was significantly correlated with all‐cause in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio = 44.351; 95% confidence interval = 4.627‐425.088). These results suggest that the NLR at hospital admission is associated with in‐hospital mortality among patients with COVID‐19. Therefore, the NLR appears to be a significant prognostic biomarker of outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. However, further investigation is needed to validate this relationship with data collected prospectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32458459/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26061 id: cord-309128-gmraihg6 author: Yanai, Hidekatsu title: A Significance of High Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension in Severe COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 words: 1428.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309128-gmraihg6.txt summary: It remains unknown why the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension is high in COVID-19 patients and why such diseases can be risk for severe COVID-19 including death. Half of studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of diabetes in severe patients than in non-severe patients. Five of 12 studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of hypertension in severe patients than in non-severe patients. Since hypertension is one of the most significant risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 [14, 15] , the effects of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in COVID-19 patients have received much focus. Four of 11 studies showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of CVD in severe patients than in non-severe patients. A very recent article reported the development of Kawasaki disease in COVID-19 patient [23] , supporting an association between endothelial injury and severe COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587655/ doi: 10.14740/jocmr4218 id: cord-337460-60blhbcq author: Yang, Ai-Ping title: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients date: 2020-06-01 words: 3344.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337460-60blhbcq.txt summary: Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and to help clinicians perform correct treatment. Recent studies have also reported decreases in the lymphocyte (LYM) counts in the peripheral blood and increases in serum inflammatory cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients [12] . In this study, the changes in LYM subsets and cytokines profiles in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients with distinct disease severities were longitudinally characterized. Therefore, the steady raise in the number of immune cells and the sustained decline in the levels of inflammatory factors are important laboratory manifestations for the clinical improvement of severe patients with COVID-19. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the major contributing factors among clinical parameters to distinguish mild and severe cases of COVID-19 patients. abstract: Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of abnormal laboratory results of multiple organs in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and to help clinicians perform correct treatment. Results: Elevated neutrophil-to-LYM ratio (NLR), D-dimer(D-D), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-2, interferon-Y, and age were significantly associated with the severity of illness. However, significant and sustained decreases were observed in the LYM subset (p<0.05). D-D, T cell counts, and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of mild cases. Second, D-D increased from 0.5 to 8, and the risk ratio increased from 2.75 to 55, eventually leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Moreover, the acute renal function damage occurred earlier than abnormal heart and liver functions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The degrees of lymphopenia and proinflammatory cytokine storm were higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases. The degree was associated with the disease severity. Advanced age, NLR, D-D, and cytokine levels may serve as useful prognostic factors for the early identification of severe COVID-19 cases. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 93 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The samples were examined for lymphocyte (LYM) subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the best diagnostic thresholds for laboratory results, and principal component analysis was used to screen the major risk factors. The prognostic values were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier curve and univariate and multivariate COX regression models. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32484453/ doi: 10.18632/aging.103255 id: cord-319140-wxe0tpzs author: Yang, Bin title: Computed tomography findings in a case of coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-05-12 words: 1446.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319140-wxe0tpzs.txt summary: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. The preferred imaging modality is chest computed tomography (CT) which plays an important role in early diagnosis, quarantine, and treatment as well as in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is predominantly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 that is predominantly characterized by pulmonary inflammation, but can also involve other organs. Given the similarities in the imaging findings of different viral pneumonias, however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 should be considered only after taking into account the clinical data, epidemiology, and laboratory test results, and the final diagnosis should be confirmed by pathogenic tests. Chest CT findings in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19): relationship to duration of infection abstract: Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly characterized by pulmonary inflammation. The preferred imaging modality is chest computed tomography (CT) which plays an important role in early diagnosis, quarantine, and treatment as well as in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. We report the imaging data from a confirmed case of COVID-19 admitted to our hospital. Our aims are to improve understanding of this disease and to facilitate early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. A 70-year-old woman living in the epidemic area presented with a 2-day history of intermittent fever. Chest CT revealed multiple ground glass opacities in both lungs, mainly distributed subpleurally and in the middle and lateral lung fields, particularly in the right lung, where they had partially fused into patches. Local interlobular septal thickening was also observed. Throat swabs were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, which confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19. Chest CT plays a key role in the diagnosis of COVID-19, providing an accurate diagnosis and is a sensitive technique for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. It has the advantages of promptness, convenience, and high efficiency. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrid.2020.05.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.05.002 id: cord-333999-k92fmnq7 author: Yang, Chih-Jen title: Remdesivir Use in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Mini-Review date: 2020-10-05 words: 2581.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333999-k92fmnq7.txt summary: In this mini-review, we summarize the current evidence on the efficacy and challenges of remdesivir for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Based on several clinical trials and reports on its compassionate use, remdesivir is considered by many to be the most promising drug for the treatment of COVID-19 [44] [45] [46] . First, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial was launched on February 5, 2020, in China 30, 60 . Clinically, common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) noted during the compassionate use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 reported by Grein et al. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative viral pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), appears to have various clinical presentations and may result in severe respiratory failure. The global SARS-CoV-2-associated viral pneumonia pandemic was first reported in December 2019 in China. Based on known pharmacological mechanisms, many therapeutic drugs have been repurposed to target SARS-CoV-2. Among these drugs, remdesivir appears to be the currently most promising according to several clinical trials and reports of compassionate use. In this mini-review, we summarize the current evidence on the efficacy and challenges of remdesivir for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S168411822030236X doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.09.002 id: cord-311129-5p9mf37g author: Yang, Dong title: COVID-19 & Chronic Renal Disease: Clinical characteristics & prognosis date: 2020-08-25 words: 2812.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311129-5p9mf37g.txt summary: AIM: Evaluate clinical characteristics, course and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who did not require RRT and those on dialysis. Dialysis patients with COVID-19, comparing to the CKD cases not requiring RRT, suffered from even severe kidney abnormalities, anemia, and infection, and showed abnormally increased creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) on admission (Table 2) . This two-center retrospective study identified that CKD not requiring RRT is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death and poor prognosis of patients with COVID-19 (Table 3) , which is consistent to previous meta-analyses revealing the association of CKD and severe COVID-19 illness. Although patients with CKD not requiring RRT, compared to patients without CKD, had similar proportions of moderate cases on admission, they showed significantly higher incidence of in-hospital death and poor prognosis (Table 1 ). In conclusion, CKD not requiring RRT as an independent risk factor for in-hospital death and https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/qjm 15 poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients on dialysis were susceptible to COVID-19 and were prone to severe clinical characteristics after infection; acute kidney injury was related to mortality in COVID-19 cases. Limited is known about the characteristics of COVID-19 patients with end-stage renal disease not requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). AIM: Evaluate clinical characteristics, course and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who did not require RRT and those on dialysis. DESIGN: A two-center retrospective study. METHODS: 836 adult patients with COVID-19 (24 CKD not on dialysis; 15 dialysis-dependent CKD) were included. The study includes no patients with renal transplantation. Risk factors were explored. RESULTS: CKD not requiring RRT is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death [adjusted OR (aOR) 7.35 (95%CI 2.41-22.44)] and poor prognosis [aOR 3.01 (95%CI 1.23-7.33)]. Compared to COVID-19 cases without CKD, those with CKD not requiring RRT showed similar percentage of initial moderate cases (75.00% vs. 73.65%) but higher incidence of in-hospital neutrophilia (50.00% vs. 27.30%) or death (50.00% vs. 9.03%). The odds ratio of dialysis associated to mortality in CKD patients was 2.00 (95%CI 0.52-7.63), suggesting COVID-19 patients with dialysis-dependent CKD were at greater risk of in-hospital death. For COVID-19 patients with CKD not requiring RRT, statins reduced the risk of neutrophilia [OR 0.10 (95%CI 0.01-0.69)] while diuretics increased the risk of neutrophilia [OR 15.4 (95%CI 1.47-160.97)], although both showed no association to mortality. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients with CKD presented high incidence of neutrophilia, poor prognosis and in-hospital death, with dialysis patients being more vulnerable. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa258 doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa258 id: cord-281193-sb7kgu24 author: Yang, Hai-Jun title: Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study date: 2020-08-03 words: 226.0 sentences: 20.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281193-sb7kgu24.txt summary: key: cord-281193-sb7kgu24 title: Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study cord_uid: sb7kgu24 H. et al.''s paper published in the European Respiratory Journal. with COVID-19 pneumonia were associated with increased risk of death from this disease [1] . They further identified that CD3+CD8+ T-cells ⩽75 cells·μL −1 and cardiac troponin I especially ⩾0.05 ng·mL −1 could be used as predictors for mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia using matched case-control study [1] . With great interest, we have read the full text of the paper and found that there are several issues which are worth to clarifying. We hope our comments will be helpful to improve the expression and increase the quality of the paper published by Du R et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study abstract: We found that there were several issues which are worth clarifying in Du R. H. et al.'s paper published in the European Respiratory Journal. url: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02439-2020 doi: 10.1183/13993003.02439-2020 id: cord-275853-fym8qze2 author: Yang, Juan title: Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-09-01 words: 6451.0 sentences: 441.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275853-fym8qze2.txt summary: In 62 contrast, the 2009 influenza pandemic is considered mild but provides a benchmark 63 for a pandemic in modern times, as the health systems, supportive care, and Wuhan is a particularly well-suited location to assess the health burden of Firstly, Wuhan experienced intense community transmission of severe acute 73 respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); secondly, the first wave has 74 ended, with only seven sporadic cases reported between March 24 and May 18 3 . Here we used multiple data sources to estimate age-78 specific rates of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, medically attended cases, 79 hospitalizations, and deaths, accounting for health seeking behaviors and 80 underdiagnoses. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 doi: medRxiv preprint burden and clinical severity of seasonal and pandemic influenza using Wuhan age 290 profile as a reference (Supplementary Information File 5 and File 8). abstract: The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, where a first wave of intense community transmission was cut short by interventions. Using multiple data source, we estimated the disease burden and clinical severity of COVID-19 by age in Wuhan from December 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020. We adjusted estimates for sensitivity of laboratory assays and accounted for prospective community screenings and healthcare seeking behaviors. Rates of symptomatic cases, medical consultations, hospitalizations and deaths were estimated at 796 (95%CI: 703–977), 489 (472–509), 370 (358–384), and 36.2 (35.0–37.3) per 100,000 persons, respectively. The COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had higher burden than the 2009 influenza pandemic or seasonal influenza, and that clinical severity was similar to that of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Our comparison puts the COVID-19 pandemic into context and could be helpful to guide intervention strategies and preparedness for the potential resurgence of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.27.20183228v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.27.20183228 id: cord-270019-er70ehk4 author: Yang, Kunyu title: Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-05-29 words: 4268.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270019-er70ehk4.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study METHODS: We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3·51 [95% CI 1·16–10·59]; p=0·026) and male sex (OR 3·86 [95% CI 1·57–9·50]; p=0·0033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. 5 In particular, male sex and receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset were identified as risk factors for death in patients with cancer who were diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population. METHODS: We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died by April 20, 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer histories were compared between survivors and non-survivors by use of χ(2) test. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. FINDINGS: Between Jan 13 and Mar 18, 2020, 205 patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR 56–70; range 14–96]; 109 [53%] women). 183 (89%) had solid tumours and 22 (11%) had haematological malignancies. The median duration of follow-up was 68 days (IQR 59–78). The most common solid tumour types were breast (40 [20%] patients), colorectal (28 [14%]), and lung cancer (24 [12%]). 54 (30%) of 182 patients received antitumour therapies within 4 weeks before symptom onset. 30 (15%) of 205 patients were transferred to an intensive care unit and 40 (20%) died during hospital admission. Patients with haematological malignancies had poorer prognoses than did those with solid tumours: nine (41%) of 22 patients with haematological malignancies died versus 31 (17%) of 183 patients with solid tumours (hazard ratio for death 3·28 [95% CI 1·56–6·91]; log rank p=0·0009). Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3·51 [95% CI 1·16–10·59]; p=0·026) and male sex (OR 3·86 [95% CI 1·57–9·50]; p=0·0033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. INTERPRETATION: Patients with cancer and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital had a high case-fatality rate. Unfavourable prognostic factors, including receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset and male sex, might help clinicians to identify patients at high risk of fatal outcomes. FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32479787/ doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30310-7 id: cord-256893-3sh87h2x author: Yang, Li title: COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics date: 2020-07-25 words: 5347.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256893-3sh87h2x.txt summary: The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. The number of people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is rapidly increasing worldwide. The effect of elevated cytokine production on clinical manifestations Increasing evidence shows that viral infection can induce severe syndromes of shock and organ failure; 8,57 this phenomenon was also investigated for COVID-19. Treg cell-based therapy The dysregulated inflammatory processes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe COVID-19 are partially due to the dysfunction of Tregs, which are responsible for inhibiting inflammation. abstract: The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms, septic shock, and severe multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease. Moreover, rational management of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, may be key to successful treatment. In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19, its potential mechanisms, and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32712629/ doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2 id: cord-285502-rvv64190 author: Yang, Lie title: Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-18 words: 4124.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285502-rvv64190.txt summary: During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. However, during the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) are of potential infectiousness due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and need to be collected, transported, storage and treated as part of HCWs (MEE, 2005 (MEE, , 2006a . For instance, MSWs from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals and isolation locations were packaged and collected as HCWs. Therefore, all of these HCWs were collected with strict segregation packages and managed according to the criterions of infectious wastes (MEE, 2008) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan. abstract: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a worldwide pandemic, the security management of health care wastes (HCWs) has attracted increasing concern due to their high risk. In this paper, the integrated management of HCWs in Wuhan, the first COVID-19-outbreaking city with over ten millions of people completely locking down, was collected, investigated and analyzed. During the pandemic, municipal solid wastes (MSWs) from designated hospitals, Fangcang shelter hospitals, isolation locations and residential areas (e.g. face masks) were collected and categorized as HCWs due to the high infectiousness and strong survivability of COVID-19, and accordingly the average production of HCWs per 1000 persons in Wuhan explosively increased from 3.64 kg/d to 27.32 kg/d. Segregation, collection, storage, transportation and disposal of HCWs in Wuhan were discussed and outlined. Stationary facilities, mobile facilities, co-processing facilities (Incineration plants for MSWs) and nonlocal disposal were consecutively utilized to improve the disposal capacity, from 50 tons/d to 280.1 tons/d. Results indicated that stationary and co-processing facilities were preferential for HCWs disposal, while mobile facilities and nonlocal disposal acted as supplementary approaches. Overall, the improved system of HCWs management could meet the challenge of the explosive growth of HCWs production during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan. Furthermore, these practices could provide a reference for other densely populated metropolises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834492/ doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105074 id: cord-267152-m9m0aunk author: Yang, Philip title: Investigating the sex differences in COVID-19: Another step forward, but many unanswered questions date: 2020-06-28 words: 1412.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267152-m9m0aunk.txt summary: The main finding from the study was that while female patients were more likely to be affected by COVID-19, female patients had a lower proportion of severe or critical cases (PSCC) and a lower case fatality rate (CFR) compared to male patients. It appeared that the sex differences in the attack rate, PSCC, and CFR in Hubei Province, which contained the vast majority of COVID-19 cases in mainland China, likely shaped the overall trends seen nationwide; the trends seen in other regions were more variable. The results of this study are similar to those of a smaller prior study, which also reported more severe illness and higher mortality from COVID-19 in men compared to women 7 . It is also worth noting that a similar coronavirus outbreak, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2002-2004, also showed a higher case fatality rate in men compared to women 7, 8 . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa776 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa776 id: cord-269453-30l6rzgo author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility study of mitigation and suppression strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and Wuhan date: 2020-08-06 words: 6784.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269453-30l6rzgo.txt summary: While above methods demonstrate good performance in prediction of COVID-19 outbreak by taking strong public intervention, also named as suppression strategy [13] that aims to reverse epidemic growth, one important challenge is that taking suppression strategy only is to treat disease controls as single-objective optimization of reducing the overall infectious populations as soon as possible, and require strategic consistency in a long term. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducts a feasibility study that analyses and compares mitigation and suppression intervention strategies for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan and London. In order to utilize our proposed SEMCR model into practical cases, we design an evaluation protocol to access multiple effects of taking different intervention strategies to control outbreak of COVID-19 in 4 typical cases, including Hubei province, Wuhan city, the UK and London, as shown in abstract: Recent outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led a global pandemic cross the world. Most countries took two main interventions: suppression like immediate lockdown cities at epicenter or mitigation that slows down but not stopping epidemic for reducing peak healthcare demand. Both strategies have their apparent merits and limitations; it becomes extremely hard to conduct one intervention as the most feasible way to all countries. Targeting at this problem, this paper conducted a feasibility study by defining a mathematical model named SEMCR, it extended traditional SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model by adding two key features: a direct connection between Exposed and Recovered populations, and separating infections into mild and critical cases. It defined parameters to classify two stages of COVID-19 control: active contain by isolation of cases and contacts, passive contain by suppression or mitigation. The model was fitted and evaluated with public dataset containing daily number of confirmed active cases including Wuhan and London during January 2020 and March 2020. The simulated results showed that 1) Immediate suppression taken in Wuhan significantly reduced the total exposed and infectious populations, but it has to be consistently maintained at least 90 days (by the middle of April 2020). Without taking this intervention, we predict the number of infections would have been 73 folders higher by the middle of April 2020. Its success requires efficient government initiatives and effective collaborative governance for mobilizing of corporate resources to provide essential goods. This mode may be not suitable to other countries without efficient collaborative governance and sufficient health resources. 2) In London, it is possible to take a hybrid intervention of suppression and mitigation for every 2 or 3 weeks over a longer period to balance the total infections and economic loss. While the total infectious populations in this scenario would be possibly 2 times than the one taking suppression, economic loss and recovery of London would be less affected. 3) Both in Wuhan and London cases, one important issue of fitting practical data was that there were a portion (probably 62.9% in Wuhan) of self-recovered populations that were asymptomatic or mild symptomatic. This finding has been recently confirmed by other studies that the seroprevalence in Wuhan varied between 3.2% and 3.8% in different sub-regions. It highlights that the epidemic is far from coming to an end by means of herd immunity. Early release of intervention intensity potentially increased a risk of the second outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236857 id: cord-305530-b6r6j1ek author: Yang, Po title: Feasibility of Controlling COVID-19 Outbreaks in the UK by Rolling Interventions date: 2020-04-07 words: 3418.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305530-b6r6j1ek.txt summary: If we took a simultaneous 3 weeks rolling intervention with intensity between 3 and 5 in all regions of the UK, the total infections and deaths increased slightly to 2.69 million and 37 thousand; the peak time of healthcare kept the same at the 65th day, where it needs equivalent hospital beds for severe and critical cases of 25.3 thousand. We provided an evidence verification point that implementing suppression in London and rolling intervention with high intensity in non-London regions is probably an optimal strategy to control COVID-19 breakouts in the UK with minimised deaths and economic impacts. 22 We separately combined the calibrated model with data on the cases of COVID-19 in London, the UK (non-London) and the UK during February 2020 and March 2020 to estimate the total number of infections and deaths, and also peak time and value of healthcare demand by applying different interventions. abstract: Background: Recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has led a rapid global spread around the world. For controlling COVID-19 outbreaks, many countries have implemented two non-pharmaceutical interventions: suppression like immediate lockdowns in cities at epicentre of outbreak; or mitigation that slows down but not stopping epidemic for reducing peak healthcare demand. Both interventions have apparent pros and cons; the effectiveness of any one intervention in isolation is limited. We aimed to conduct a feasibility study for robustly estimating the number and distribution of infections, growth of deaths, peaks and lengths of COVID-19 breakouts by taking multiple pharmaceutical interventions in London and the UK, accounting for reduction of healthcare demand. Methods: We developed a model to attempt to infer the impact of mitigation, suppression and multiple rolling interventions for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in London and the UK. Our model assumed that each intervention has equivalent effect on the reproduction number R across countries and over time; where its intensity was presented by average-number contacts with susceptible individuals as infectious individuals; early immediate intensive intervention led to increased health need and social anxiety. We considered two important features: direct link between Exposed and Recovered population, and practical healthcare demand by separation of infections into mild and critical cases. Our model was fitted and calibrated with data on cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Hubei to estimate how suppression intervention impacted on the number and distribution of infections, growth of deaths over time during January 2020, and April 2020. We combined the calibrated model with data on the cases of COVID-19 in London, the UK (non-London) and the UK during February 2020 and March 2020 to estimate the number and distribution of infections, growth of deaths, and healthcare demand by using multiple interventions. Findings: We estimated given that multiple interventions with an intensity range from 3 to 15, one optimal strategy was to take suppression with intensity 3 in London from 23rd March for 100 days, and 3 weeks rolling intervention with intensity between 3 and 5 in non-London regions. In this scenario, the total infections and deaths in the UK were limited to 2.43 million and 33.8 thousand; the peak time of healthcare demand was due to the 65th day (April 11th), where it needs hospital beds for 25.3 thousand severe and critical cases. If we took a simultaneous 3 weeks rolling intervention with intensity between 3 and 5 in all regions of the UK, the total infections and deaths increased slightly to 2.69 million and 37 thousand; the peak time of healthcare kept the same at the 65th day, where it needs equivalent hospital beds for severe and critical cases of 25.3 thousand. But if we released high band of rolling intervention intensity to 6 or 8 and simultaneously implemented them in all regions of the UK, the COVID-19 outbreak would not end in 1 year and distribute a multi-modal mode, where the total infections and deaths in the UK possibly reached to 16.2 million and 257 thousand. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054429 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20054429 id: cord-265877-dund6unq author: Yang, Q. title: Incidence and risk factors of kidney impairment on patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-03 words: 3757.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265877-dund6unq.txt summary: We extracted data from eligible studies to summarize the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of kidney injury on COVID-19 infection patients and further compared the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the mean differences of three biomarkers between in ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 doi: medRxiv preprint "SARS-CoV-2", "clinical", "laboratory", "kidney", "Acute Kidney Injury", "proteinuria" and "hematuria". To identify the risk factors for critical illnesses of COVID-19 patients, we then analyzed the relevance of the AKI and the three laboratory indexes with the clinical severity through comparing the incidences of AKI and mean differences of those biomarkers between ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 doi: medRxiv preprint Due to the restriction of clinic information and most of the studies did not include in the death cases and the mortality of COVID-19, the association between kidney impairment and COVID-19-induced death was not be analyzed in our meta-analysis. abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus is pandemic around the world. Several researchers have given the evidence of impacts of COVID-19 on the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Studies still have debated on kidney injury of COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of kidney impairment with the development of COVID-19. Methods: The PubMed, Embase and MedRxiv databases were searched until April 1, 2020. We extracted data from eligible studies to summarize the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of kidney injury on COVID-19 infection patients and further compared the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the mean differences of three biomarkers between in ICU/severe and non-ICU/non-severe cases. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 method. Results: In the sum of 19 studies with 4375 patients were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of AKI, increased serum creatinine (Scr), increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), increased D-dimer, proteinuria and hematuria in patients with COVID-19 were 7.7%, 6.6%, 6.2%, 49.8%, 42% and 30.3% respectively. Moreover, the means of Scr, BUN and D-dimer were shown 6-folds, 1.8-folds and 0.68-folds, respectively, higher in ICU/severe cases than in corresponding non-ICU/non-severe patients. The prevalence of AKI was about 17 folds higher in ICU/severe patients compared with the non-ICU/non-severe cases. Conclusions: Overall, we assessed the incidences of the clinic and laboratory features of kidney injury in COVID-19 patients. And kidney dysfunction may be a risk factor for COVID-19 patients developing into the severe condition. In reverse, COVID-19 can also cause damage to the kidney. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20116400 id: cord-346105-2f6nj4to author: Yang, T.-H. title: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. date: 2020-05-12 words: 5436.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346105-2f6nj4to.txt summary: Many review articles which have discussed the use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients showed limitation as they included only few relevant studies, significant Chinese studies were omitted and analysis of treatment effects was not quantified while formulating the results [17] [18] [19] . Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate the significance of present evidence regarding benefits and safety of hydroxychloroquine use, for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Our study included only comparative studies that examined the efficacy or safety of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in comparison with standard treatment based on factors such as virological cure, degree of progression to severe illness and allcause mortality as identified in COVID-19 patients. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis which has addressed the issue of combining hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients, by summarizing available results extracted from clinical trials. abstract: Backgrounds. Since COVID-19 outbreak, various agents have been tested but no proven effective therapies have been identified. This has led to a lot of controversies among associated researches. Hence, in order to address the issue of using hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies in MEDLINE, medRxiv, PubMed, Cochrane Database, China Academic Journals Full-text Database and Web of Science. Two investigators independently reviewed 274 abstracts and 23 articles. The trials which evaluated hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 were included for this systematic review. Two investigators assessed quality of the studies and data extraction was done by one reviewer and cross checked by the other. Results. Five trials involving 677 patients were included while conducting the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin showed benefits in positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI,0.19 to 19.73] and a reduction in progression rate (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.37]), but without demonstrating any statistical significance. This systematic review has also suggested a possible synergistic effect of the combination therapy which included hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. However, the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion. The use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19 patients, seems to be effective. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has shown synergic effects. However, mortality rate was increased when the treatment was conducted with hydroxychloroquine. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.07.20093831v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093831 id: cord-332541-mntietmw author: Yang, Tianan title: Lessons Learnt from China: National Multidisciplinary Healthcare Assistance date: 2020-09-30 words: 1282.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332541-mntietmw.txt summary: METHODS: We adopted the "Difference-in-difference Method" to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. CONCLUSION: The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance was an effective intervention to reduce the burden of COVID-19 and ease pressure on the healthcare system in Hubei and China. The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance is a Chinese policy to coordinate inter-regional, inter-industrial, and inter-departmental cooperation at a national level, combining financial disclosure, business disclosure, and scientific evaluation mechanisms to achieve effective prevention and control of the current epidemic. We adopted the difference-in-difference method to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. After controlling for the impact of the above variables, the number of recovered cases per day increased by 39.36 as a result of the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance ( Table 1 ). abstract: PURPOSE: In response to the transmission of COVID-19, China adopted the “national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance”. This commentary evaluates whether it is effective and sustainable to contain the COVID-19. METHODS: We adopted the “Difference-in-difference Method” to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. A total of 578 panel data samples were taken from the Ministry of Health in China. RESULTS: We observed that the number of recovered cases per day increased by 39.36 as a result of this policy. GDP per capita and land area were significantly negatively correlated with the number of recovered cases while the resident population was significantly positively correlated with it. CONCLUSION: The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance was an effective intervention to reduce the burden of COVID-19 and ease pressure on the healthcare system in Hubei and China. To quickly formulate and promulgate effective response policies for emergent public health crises, the national government should introduce the concept of emergency management into policy agendas and highlight the importance of “problem streams”. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061716/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s269523 id: cord-298865-5pe33eos author: Yang, Tuo-Yun title: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series date: 2020-07-26 words: 2638.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298865-5pe33eos.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms: Retrospective case series To gain an insight into the different initial symptoms of both pulmonary and gastrointestinal categories, determine the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and to compare outcomes of patients presenting with different initial symptoms, we collected data from the west campus of Wuhan Union Hospital for further investigation. When infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms visit the gastroenterology clinic, the novel coronavirus may have already increased the pulmonary virus content through gut-lung crosstalk [16] . First, patient cases were limited as all from one hospital in Wuhan, which prevented that more clinical features related to initial presentations of gastrointestinal symptoms were characterized. General COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms need more days of viral shedding and hospitalization compared to the patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: A large number of pneumonia cases due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been first reported in China. Meanwhile, the virus is sweeping all around the world and has infected millions of people. Fever and pulmonary symptoms have been noticed as major and early signs of infection, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were also observed in a significant portion of patients. The clinical investigation of disease onset was underestimated, especially due to the neglection of cases presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. AIM: To characterize the clinical features of coronavirus-infected patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center case series of the general consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Wuhan Union Hospital from February 2, 2020 to February 13, 2020. According to their initial symptoms, these patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group one presented with pulmonary symptoms (PS) as initial symptoms, and group two presented with gastrointestinal symptoms (GS). Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 50 patients recruited, no patient has been admitted to intensive care units, and no patient died during the study. The duration of hospitalization was longer in the GS group than in the PS group (12.13 ± 2.44 vs 10.00 ± 2.13, P < 0.01). All of the 50 patients exhibited decreased lymphocytes. However, lymphocytes in the GS group were significantly lower compared to those in the PS group (0.94 ± 0.06 vs 1.04 ± 0.15, P < 0.01). Procalcitonin and hs-CRP were both significantly higher in the GS group than in the PS group. Accordingly, the duration of viral shedding was significantly longer in the GS group compared to the PS group (10.22 ± 1.93 vs 8.15 ± 1.87, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial symptoms need more days of viral shedding and hospitalization than the patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775377/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i14.2950 id: cord-292002-g0v0xc21 author: Yang, Wenjing title: The role of imaging in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-15 words: 4642.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292002-g0v0xc21.txt summary: Imaging features of multiple patchy areas of ground glass opacity and consolidation predominately in the periphery of the lungs are characteristic manifestations on chest CT and extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of this disease, which aids prompt diagnosis and the eventual control of this emerging global health emergency. • Among the infected patients, characteristic findings on CT imaging include multiple, patchy, ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation shadows, mainly distributed in the peripheral and subpleural areas of both lungs, which are very helpful for the frontline clinicians. The typical chest CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 include multiple, peripheral, bilateral, patchy, sub-segmental, or segmental ground glass opacities and areas of consolidation, which are mostly distributed along the bronchovascular bundles and subpleural space. Furthermore, in the currently available reports, the most common chest CT findings in COVID-19 patients are the peripheral areas of ground glass opacity/consolidation (without subpleural sparing) which are bilateral in distribution [21] [22] [23] . abstract: Almost the entire world, not only China, is currently experiencing the outbreak of a novel coronavirus that causes respiratory disease, severe pneumonia, and even death. The outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019 and is currently still ongoing. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and has resulted in a continuously increasing number of infections and deaths that have already surpassed the SARS-CoV outbreak that occurred in China between 2002 and 2003. It is now officially a pandemic, announced by WHO on the 11th of March. Currently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can be identified by virus isolation or viral nucleic acid detection; however, false negatives associated with the nucleic acid detection provide a clinical challenge and thus make the imaging examination crucial. Imaging exams have been a main clinical diagnostic criteria for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Imaging features of multiple patchy areas of ground glass opacity and consolidation predominately in the periphery of the lungs are characteristic manifestations on chest CT and extremely helpful in the early detection and diagnosis of this disease, which aids prompt diagnosis and the eventual control of this emerging global health emergency. Key Points • In December 2019, China, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel, highly contagious coronavirus raised grave concerns and posed a huge threat to global public health. • Among the infected patients, characteristic findings on CT imaging include multiple, patchy, ground-glass opacity, crazy-paving pattern, and consolidation shadows, mainly distributed in the peripheral and subpleural areas of both lungs, which are very helpful for the frontline clinicians. • Imaging examination has become the indispensable means not only in the early detection and diagnosis but also in monitoring the clinical course, evaluating the disease severity, and may be presented as an important warning signal preceding the negative RT-PCR test results. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-06827-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32296940/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06827-4 id: cord-298654-sb9kevkb author: Yang, Xiang-Hong title: Focus on coronavirus disease 2019 associated coagulopathy date: 2020-09-20 words: 1874.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298654-sb9kevkb.txt summary: Tang''s [3] study of 183 confirmed cases with COVID-19 (21 deaths, 162 survivors) from the Wuhan Tongji Hospital has reported that the non-survivors had significantly elevated values of D-dimer compared to the survivors (2.12 vs. [8] Reports have been made showing that up to 31% of severe COVID-19 patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) showed the incidence of VTE or thrombotic complications, and D-dimer >1.5 mg/mL was a good indicator for identifying high-risk groups of VTE. Tang et al [10] have reported that anticoagulant therapy mainly with prophylaxis doses of LMWH appears to be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients with SIC score ≥4 (40.0% vs. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000001019 doi: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001019 id: cord-310166-gt6icwul author: Yang, Xiang-Hong title: Expert recommendations on blood purification treatment protocol for patients with severe COVID-19(): Recommendation and consensus date: 2020-04-28 words: 3128.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310166-gt6icwul.txt summary: The basic principles of blood purification treatment for patients with severe COVID-19 mainly include the following: (1) removal of metabolic products such as creatinine and urea nitrogen; removal of various inflammatory mediators by convection, absorption, or plasma replacement; and reshaping of the immune homeostasis; (2) regulation of volume and correction of fluid overload to help maintain hemodynamic stability in critically ill patients; (3) correction of electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders to maintain internal environment stability; (4) control of high fever; and (5) combined treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for extracorporeal multiple organ support. Based on the above principles, the internationally renowned critical care experts Claudio Ronco and Jean Louis Vincent jointly published an expert review titled "Coronavirus epidemic: preparing for extracorporeal organ support in intensive care" in the focus column of The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 12 emphasizing their position on blood purification treatment for severe COVID-19: CRRT is the most commonly used blood purification method in clinical practice, and for patients with severe COVID-19 with sepsis and ARDS, blood perfusion/plasma absorption treatment can also be selected to eliminate more inflammatory medium. abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan in December 2019. The World Health Organization defined the subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide as a public health emergency of international concern. Epidemiological data indicate that at least 20% of COVID-19 patients have severe disease. In addition to impairment of the respiratory system, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication. Immune damage mediated by cytokine storms and concomitant AKI is a key factor for poor prognosis. Based on previous experience of blood purification for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome combined with clinical front-line practice, we developed a blood purification protocol for patients with severe COVID-19. This protocol is divided into four major steps. The first step is to assess whether patients with severe COVID-19 require blood purification. The second step is to prescribe a blood purification treatment for patients with COVID-19. The third step is to monitor and adjust parameters of blood purification. The fourth step is to evaluate the timing of discontinuation of blood purification. It is expected that blood purification will play a key role in effectively reducing the mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 through the standardized implementation of the present protocol. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2095882X20300372 doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.04.002 id: cord-352122-u9pv2x2j author: Yang, Xiao title: Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China date: 2020-08-24 words: 3632.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352122-u9pv2x2j.txt summary: Nevertheless, studies on sleep, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of COVID-19 positive patients and those on the psychological intervention for them are still limited. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the measured social support-related factors and baseline sleep, anxiety, and depression symptoms and the improvement of these measures. Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS). Social support related factors for linear regression included age, gender, marital status, education level, number of family members infected, any close relatives or friends who died in the pandemic, severity of pneumonia, nucleic acid test at Stage 2, and score of social support rating scale (SSRS) at Stage 2. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between psychosocial support related factors and the mental health of COVID-19 positive patients. METHODS: This exploratory study of thirty-five COVID-19 positive patients were enrolled between February 1(st) to March 1(st), 2020. Sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and social support were measured and social support related data of participants were collected. Psychological intervention was administered and patients were followed two weeks post intervention. Linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and improvement of psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Thirty-two individuals exhibited sleep, depressive and anxiety symptoms which improved post support intervention. At baseline, symptoms were associated with gender, severity of pneumonia, social support. Better social support at follow-up and improvement from COVID-19 predicted improvement in their psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This initial evidence from China may stress the importance of administering psychosocial intervention during the treatment of COVID-19 for better patient outcomes in other countries. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008 doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.008 id: cord-266303-6igk5jmn author: Yang, Xiaopeng title: Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-11-03 words: 3326.0 sentences: 227.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266303-6igk5jmn.txt summary: Purpose Reported rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) have varied significantly among studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) published to date. One retrospective analysis of 536 SARS patients found that while acute kidney injury (AKI) was uncommon among these patients (36 cases), its incidence was associated with a 91.7% mortality rate [6] . The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published as of 25 July 2020, without any language restrictions, using the following search terms: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "SARA-CoV-2", "novel coronavirus" "Acute Kidney Injury", and "Acute Renal Failure". This meta-analysis also reported the rates of AKI (38.9%) and RRT use (15.6%) among kidney transplant patients. Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single-center retrospective observational study. Risk Factors and Mortality Outcome in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: A Single-Center Observational Study abstract: Purpose Reported rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) have varied significantly among studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) published to date. The present meta-analysis was conducted to gain clarity regarding AKI incidence and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use in COVID-19 patients. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases were systematically searched for COVID-19-related case reports published through 25 July 2020. Pooled analyses were conducted using R. Results The pooled incidence of AKI in 51 studies including 21531 patients was 12.3% (95% CI 9.5%-15.6%), with higher rates of 38.9% in 290 transplant patients (95% CI 27.3%-51.9%), 39.0% in 565 ICU patients (95% CI 23.2%-57.6%) and 42.0% among 1745 deceased patients (95% CI 30.3%-54.7%). RRT usage was reported in 39 studies of 17664 patients, with an overall pooled use of 5.4% (95% CI 4.0%-7.1%), with higher rates of 15.6% in 117 transplant patients (95%CI 9.9%-23.8%) and 16.3% in 776 ICU patients (95% CI 11.1%-23.3%). Conclusion AKI and RRT use among COVID-19 patients represent a major public health concern, and early and appropriate intervention should be called upon to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from AKI. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576920336262 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107159 id: cord-257161-lx3ar43e author: Yang, Xu title: Learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-03 words: 2707.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257161-lx3ar43e.txt summary: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic continuing education lectures in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous online prosthodontic education courses in China had a high number of participants but low learning progress and completion rates during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, the extent of learner participation and completion of these courses remains unknown, and the authors are unaware of research that has investigated the effectiveness of synchronous online learning during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The present observational study assessed learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic continuing education lectures in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The null hypotheses were that the completion rate of synchronous online prosthodontic education during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic would not be influenced by the specific lectures and the learners'' first-visit time to the online classroom. This research assessed learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic education courses in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Synchronous online prosthodontic courses became a popular learning mode during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Nonetheless, the extent of learner participation and completion of these courses remains unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess learner behaviors in synchronous online prosthodontic continuing education lectures in China during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All live online prosthodontic courses held by an online dental school in China from February to May 2020 were retrieved. The no-cost lectures could be accessed anonymously and viewed repeatedly on the day of broadcast. Learning behavior data (teacher speaking time, audience total, timing of first visit to the online classroom, viewing time, and completion rate) were obtained. Learning progress was calculated by dividing viewing time by teacher speaking time. When a learner progressed through 95% of a lecture, the lecture was considered completed. RESULTS: A total of 41 781 learners participated in 18 online prosthodontic courses, which had a mean duration of 77.2 ±15.8 minutes. For each lecture, 2321 ±1454 participants attended, with 510 ±404 participants completing each session. There were 13 098 participants (31.35%) who viewed the lectures for less than 1 minute. Approximately half of the participants viewed the lectures for less than 10 minutes, with their learning progress failing to pass 10%. The average completion rate was 21.97%, with variation in completion rate dependent on when a learner first visited the online classroom. Significant differences were found among the lecture completion rates and the timing of the first visit to the online classroom (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous online prosthodontic education courses in China had a high number of participants but low learning progress and completion rates during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33023743/ doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.004 id: cord-318355-38x3f3ee author: Yang, Yang title: Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with Sars‐COV‐2 date: 2020-07-17 words: 3963.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318355-38x3f3ee.txt summary: High visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR, called visceral adiposity) (OR: 2.47, 95CI: 1.05 to 5.98, p=0.040) and low mean attenuation of skeletal muscle (SMD, called high intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) (OR: 11.90, 95CI: 4.50 to 36.14, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for critical illness. In the present study, we explored the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue distribution, skeletal muscle area and IMF deposition and severity of COVID-19, in a retrospective cohort of 143 patients who had an un-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). In this study, visceral adiposity and high IMF deposition were significantly associated with critical illness for patients with COVID-19. The present study showed that high IMF deposition was significantly associated with risk of critical illness and requiring mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19. Our findings show that patients with visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition were more likely to develop into critical illness when infected with COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTS: To assess the association between adipose tissue distribution and severity of clinical course in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS­CoV­2). METHODS: For this retrospective study, 143 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19) who underwent un‐enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan between January 1(th), 2020 and March 30(th), 2020 were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID‐19 infection. RESULTS: There were 45 patients who were identified as critically ill. High visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR, called visceral adiposity) (OR: 2.47, 95CI: 1.05 to 5.98, p=0.040) and low mean attenuation of skeletal muscle (SMD, called high intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) (OR: 11.90, 95CI: 4.50 to 36.14, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for critical illness. Furthermore, visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition increased the risk of mechanical ventilation (p=0.013, p<0.001; respectively). High IMF deposition increased the risk of death (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: COVID‐19 patients with visceral adiposity or high IMF deposition have higher risk for critical illness. Hence, patients with abdominal obesity should be monitored more carefully when hospitalized. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22971 doi: 10.1002/oby.22971 id: cord-299375-ve4lag21 author: Yang, Yichang title: Use of herbal drugs to treat COVID-19 should be with caution date: 2020-05-15 words: 928.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299375-ve4lag21.txt summary: On April 14, 2020, a Chinese official announced at a press conference that indications of three patent herbal drugs were approved to be expanded to include COVID-19 symptoms. 2,3 Certain batches of an injectable herbal drug called Xiyanping, which is recommended by the Chinese Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol of COVID-19, 4 have already been recalled after reports of adverse effects. 5 Although these patent herbal drugs have been used clinically for several years, when we apply them to a novel disease like COVID-19, especially in combination with other antivirals, antibiotics, and immune suppressants, the safety should be cautiously evaluated. Driven by the claim that some patent herbal drugs can effectively treat COVID-19, some patients with flu symptoms who fear quarantine measures are likely to selfmedicate with herbal remedies and avoid going to hospital, thus delaying the proper diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and hampering the government''s testing, tracing, and quarantining efforts. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31143-0 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31143-0 id: cord-303107-f5k686pg author: Yang, Yifan title: Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-16 words: 9121.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303107-f5k686pg.txt summary: This is consistent with China''s longstanding diplomatic discourse on globalism after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, evident in its official discourse on the "Community of Shared Destiny for Mankind" and "Global Community of Health for All." Chinese top leaders publicly emphasize the importance of international cooperation against COVID-19, to protect global public health by proactively collaborating with multilateral institutions such as the United Nations, the WHO, and other G20 countries and providing funding and clinical support for developing countries affected by the global pandemic [60] . Therefore, mass media help the discursive construction and symbolic representation of national identity by drawing on the logic of "the self" and "the other" or "us" and "them." Accordingly, analyzing media discourse on national identity can facilitate an understanding of political (official) discourse in China, particularly in terms of identity performance in during a global public health crisis such as the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: By employing discourse-historical approach and corpus linguistics, this paper examines media reports to analyze the Chinese official discourse in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. The results demonstrate that a paradox of globalism and nationalism has been simultaneously reflected when reporting the global pandemic. Based on a polarizing discursive construction of positive “self” and negative “others,” on many occasions, the globalist and nationalist arguments have been closely intertwined and complement each other to reinforce the legitimacy of the ruling party at home and the international reputation of China under the leadership of the ruling party. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952389/ doi: 10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1 id: cord-298936-76xurcof author: Yanguas, Xavier title: Returning to Sport during the Covid-19 pandemic: The sports physicians’ role date: 2020-06-30 words: 1456.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298936-76xurcof.txt summary: Specifically LaLiga, the highest authority, has implemented a mandatory protocol for professional teams in order to minimize the risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 during training, taking into account all the factors that could put the staff and athletes health at risk 11 . 20, 21 These are the main reasons why we think that sports physicians will play a major role in the ''''post-lockdown period'''', in the management of athletes'' health and condition through close monitoring and daily follow-up, symptom control and detection of early signs of complications, and also specifically assessing individual risk factors regarding injuries. Knowing the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 during the return to training and competition will provide interesting information that will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the different protocols that have been followed to lower the risk of infection, and at the same time assess the immunization during the study period and make sure the players resume competition in an optimal physical condition. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666506920300249 doi: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2020.06.001 id: cord-252251-ji45igni author: Yannouchos, T. title: Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases date: 2020-06-05 words: 3864.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252251-ji45igni.txt summary: Objectives: We estimated the association between patients characteristics and COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization and adverse outcome in Mexico. Male gender, older age, having one or more comorbidities, and chronic renal disease, diabetes, obesity, COPD, immunosuppression and hypertension were associated with hospitalization and adverse outcome. We performed a cross-sectional secondary data analysis using a publicly available individual level dataset which included patients classified as ''suspected cases of viral respiratory disease'' . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122481 doi: medRxiv preprint COVID-19 diagnosis, the dataset included additional information related to clinical endpoints, namely whether the patient was admitted into an intensive care unit, intubated, and died. Patients with one or more comorbidities, particularly those with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and COPD were also more prevalent in both the hospitalized and the adverse outcome groups. Approximately 1 in 5 patients with laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 had more than 1 comorbidity, and they had approximately 3-fold higher risk for hospitalization and adverse outcome. abstract: Background: There is insufficient information about risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objectives: We estimated the association between patients characteristics and COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization and adverse outcome in Mexico. Methods: This retrospective case series used a publicly available nation-level dataset released on May 31, 2020 by the Mexican Ministry of Health, with patients classified as suspected cases of viral respiratory disease. Patients with COVID-19 were laboratory-confirmed. Their profile was stratified by COVID-19 diagnosis or not. Differences among COVID-19 patients based on two separate clinical endpoints, hospitalization and adverse outcome, were examined. Multivariate logistic regressions examined the associations between patient characteristics and hospitalization and adverse outcome. Results: Overall, 236,439 patients were included, with 89,756 (38.0%) being diagnosed with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients were disproportionately older, males and with increased prevalence of one or more comorbidities, particularly diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Age, male gender, diabetes, obesity and having one or more comorbidities were independently associated with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Current smokers were 23% less likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. Of all COVID-19 patients, 34.8% were hospitalized and 13.0% experienced an adverse outcome. Male gender, older age, having one or more comorbidities, and chronic renal disease, diabetes, obesity, COPD, immunosuppression and hypertension were associated with hospitalization and adverse outcome. Current smoking was not associated with adverse outcome. Conclusion: This largest ever case series of COVID-19 patients identified risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization and adverse outcome. The findings could provide insight for the priorities the need to be set, especially by LMICs, to tackle the pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.20122481v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122481 id: cord-257806-jcc7ljcm author: Yao, Jasper Seth title: Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic date: 2020-06-25 words: 204.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257806-jcc7ljcm.txt summary: key: cord-257806-jcc7ljcm title: Covid-19 in dementia: an insidious pandemic cord_uid: jcc7ljcm We provide a detailed history of patients of older age with dementia who developed Covid-19. While in large cohorts, fever and cough are the most common presenting symptoms among Covid-19 patients, 1 our findings show that dyspnea and altered mental status may manifest as the prominent symptoms of Covid-19 among patients of older age with dementia. As the majority of this cohort was unable to provide their own history in the emergency department, it is possible that Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Prevalence of dementia in the United States: The aging, demographics, and memory study Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease Is Suspected Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa136 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa136 id: cord-331257-z2x1wax0 author: Yao, Yang title: Psychological Status and Influencing Factors of Hospital Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-04 words: 2619.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331257-z2x1wax0.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological status of and its influencing factors in health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak so as to provide sufficient theory and scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and measures in improving the psychological status of HCWs. METHOD: During February 1 to February 20, 2020, 1,002 members of the HCWs from Xi''an and Wuhan completed a 12-item questionnaire regarding pressure about the COVID-19 influenza pandemic, along with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Hospital medical staff show an absolutely important position in the outbreak of infectious diseases, but people often pay more attention to the cure rate, diagnosis, and treatment effect and prognosis of patients and ignore the psychological distress of HCWs. Studies that investigated the psychological status during SARS and A/H1N1 influenza pandemic indicated that a high level of distress is common (Caputo et al., 2006; Goulia et al., 2010) . abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological status of and its influencing factors in health care workers (HCWs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak so as to provide sufficient theory and scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and measures in improving the psychological status of HCWs. METHOD: During February 1 to February 20, 2020, 1,002 members of the HCWs from Xi’an and Wuhan completed a 12-item questionnaire regarding pressure about the COVID-19 influenza pandemic, along with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The GHQ-12 scale was divided by three points. The positive group was scored more than 3. All data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: More than half of the participants (61.1%) reported psychological distress. The HCWs have sufficient information about the COVID-19 symptoms, prognosis, treatment, infection route, and preventive measures (medians ranged from 6/9 to 8/9). Female, engaged in clinic work less than 7 years, married person, and working in Wuhan were risk factors affecting the psychological status of HCWs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Psychological distress is common in HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak. Hospitals and relevant departments should provide psychological support to HCWs, and strict infection control measures should be developed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849083/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01841 id: cord-271980-8x5g8r7c author: Yao, Ye title: Ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution and spread ability of COVID-19 in Chinese cities date: 2020-09-30 words: 3478.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271980-8x5g8r7c.txt summary: When examining the correlation between NO 2 and R 0 of COVID-19, we estimated the associations of NO 2 concentration with R 0 both inside and outside Hubei province (r & p) in the same period by using multiple linear regression models after controlling for temperature and relative humidity (as covariates in the regression model) separately. We also examined the corresponding temporal associations between NO 2 and R 0 of COVID-19 across the different cities inside and outside Hubei Province using multiple linear regression models after controlling for temperature and relative humidity separately. The cross-sectional analysis indicates that, after adjustment for temperature and relative humidity, R 0 was positively associated with NO 2 concentration at city level (meta χ 2 =10.18, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f p=0.037) (Figure 3) . abstract: This study aims to explore the relationship between ambient NO(2) levels and the transmission ability (basic reproductive number, R(0)) of COVID-19 in 63 Chinese cities. After adjustment for temperature and relative humidity, R(0) was positively associated with NO(2) concentration at city level. The temporal analysis within Hubei province indicated that all the 11 Hubei cities (except Xianning City) had significant positive correlations between NO(2) concentration (with 12-day time lag) and R(0) (r>0.51, p<0.005). Since the association between ambient NO(2) and R(0) indicated NO(2) may increase underlying risk of infection in the transmission process of COVID-19. In addition, NO(2) is also an indicator of traffic-related air pollution, the association between NO(2) and COVID-19’s spread ability suggest that reduced population movement may have reduced the spread of the SARS-CoV-2. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111421 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111421 id: cord-350714-zfprrxt4 author: Yao, Ye title: Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities date: 2020-06-20 words: 1673.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350714-zfprrxt4.txt summary: This study aimed to investigate the associations between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities, including the epicenter of Wuhan. Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been reported to increase the risks of mortality and morbidity from cardiopulmonary diseases worldwide (Atkinson et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2017; Samet et al., 2000; Samoli et al., 2005) , with higher likelihood of adverse effects among elderly or people with underlying medical conditions (Zeka et al., 2006) ; elderly and people with underlying medical conditions also experienced higher fatality from COVID-19 Pan et al., 2020) . To date, few studies have estimated and quantified the effects of air pollutants on case fatality rate (CFR) from COVID-19. abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in 3352 deaths in China as of April 12, 2020. This study aimed to investigate the associations between particulate matter (PM) concentrations and the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities, including the epicenter of Wuhan. We used the Global Moran's I to analyze spatial distribution and autocorrelation of CFRs, and then we used multivariate linear regression to analyze the associations between PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and COVID-19 CFR. We found positive associations between PM pollution and COVID-19 CFR in cities both inside and outside Hubei Province. For every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, the COVID-19 CFR increased by 0.24% (0.01%–0.48%) and 0.26% (0.00%–0.51%), respectively. PM pollution distribution and its association with COVID-19 CFR suggests that exposure to such may affect COVID-19 prognosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396 id: cord-340367-h608bj86 author: Yarali, Neşe title: Hematological parameters and peripheral blood morphologic abnormalities in children with COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 795.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340367-h608bj86.txt summary: To the Editor, Quantitative and qualitative changes in peripheral blood cells have been described in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mean hemoglobin value of SARS-CoV-2 test-positive and -negative groups was 13.1 ±1.7 g/dL (7.7-6.4) and 12.4 ± 1.9 g/dL (8.3-17.1), respectively (P > .05). Within the SARS-CoV-2 test-positive group, two patients In the whole cohort, thrombocytopenia was detected in four patients; one of them was the patient with aplastic anemia and COVID-19, the remaining three were in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group. In the peripheral smears of children with COVID-19, vacuolated monocytes (n = 3; 13.3%) and hypergranulation/lobulation abnormalities in neutrophils (n = 11; 36.7%) were noted. Although a significant difference was detected in leukocyte, platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, many patients'' values were in normal limits; so the leukocyte count and differentials could not help to distinguish COVID-19 from other symptomatic patients. Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a metaanalysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761973/ doi: 10.1002/pbc.28596 id: cord-034614-r429idtl author: Yasar, Huseyin title: A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks date: 2020-11-04 words: 7750.0 sentences: 385.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034614-r429idtl.txt summary: title: A new deep learning pipeline to detect Covid-19 on chest X-ray images using local binary pattern, dual tree complex wavelet transform and convolutional neural networks In this study, which aims at early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease using X-ray images, the deep-learning approach, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence method, was used, and automatic classification of images was performed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Within the scope of the study, the results were obtained using chest X-ray images directly in the training-test procedures and the sub-band images obtained by applying dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to the above-mentioned images. In the study, experiments were carried out for the use of images directly, using local binary pattern (LBP) as a pre-process and dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) as a secondary operation, and the results of the automatic classification were calculated separately. abstract: In this study, which aims at early diagnosis of Covid-19 disease using X-ray images, the deep-learning approach, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence method, was used, and automatic classification of images was performed using convolutional neural networks (CNN). In the first training-test data set used in the study, there were 230 X-ray images, of which 150 were Covid-19 and 80 were non-Covid-19, while in the second training-test data set there were 476 X-ray images, of which 150 were Covid-19 and 326 were non-Covid-19. Thus, classification results have been provided for two data sets, containing predominantly Covid-19 images and predominantly non-Covid-19 images, respectively. In the study, a 23-layer CNN architecture and a 54-layer CNN architecture were developed. Within the scope of the study, the results were obtained using chest X-ray images directly in the training-test procedures and the sub-band images obtained by applying dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to the above-mentioned images. The same experiments were repeated using images obtained by applying local binary pattern (LBP) to the chest X-ray images. Within the scope of the study, four new result generation pipeline algorithms having been put forward additionally, it was ensured that the experimental results were combined and the success of the study was improved. In the experiments carried out in this study, the training sessions were carried out using the k-fold cross validation method. Here the k value was chosen as 23 for the first and second training-test data sets. Considering the average highest results of the experiments performed within the scope of the study, the values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F-1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the first training-test data set were 0,9947, 0,9800, 0,9843, 0,9881 and 0,9990 respectively; while for the second training-test data set, they were 0,9920, 0,9939, 0,9891, 0,9828 and 0,9991; respectively. Within the scope of the study, finally, all the images were combined and the training and testing processes were repeated for a total of 556 X-ray images comprising 150 Covid-19 images and 406 non-Covid-19 images, by applying 2-fold cross. In this context, the average highest values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F-1 score, and AUC for this last training-test data set were found to be 0,9760, 1,0000, 0,9906, 0,9823 and 0,9997; respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7609830/ doi: 10.1007/s10489-020-02019-1 id: cord-345528-rk16pt0i author: Yasar, Y. title: MantisCOVID: Rapid X-Ray Chest Radiograph and Mortality Rate Evaluation With Artificial Intelligence For COVID-19 date: 2020-05-08 words: 3173.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345528-rk16pt0i.txt summary: This tool delivers a rapid screening test by analyzing the X-ray Chest Radiograph scans via Artificial Intelligence (AI) and it also evaluates the mortality rate of patients with the synthesis of the patient history with the machine learning methods. A rapid analysis for the Chest X-ray (CXR) scans, CT, Infection Rate or Mortality Rate with the machine learning methods are some of the helpful tools and researchers are trying to build such tools for pre-screening COVID-19. This study defines a deployed environment 1 for rapid evaluation of the mortality rate and CXR scans via machine learning tools. The evaluation platform has two outputs after screening the group of patients as the prediction about the risk in COVID-19 via CXR and the mortality rate. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20090779 doi: medRxiv preprint mantisCOVID cannot catch COVID-19 patient via AI elimination from CXR, the physician can change approaching style to the patient via evaluating the mortality rate. abstract: The novel coronavirus pandemic has negative impacts over the health, economy and well-being of the global population. This negative effect is growing with the high spreading rate of the virus. The most critical step to prevent the spreading of the virus is pre-screening and early diagnosis of the individuals. This results in quaranteeing the patients not to effect the healthy population. COVID-19 is the name of the disease caused by the novel coronavirus. It has a high infection rate and it is urgent to diagnose many patients as we can to prevent the spread of the virus at the early stage. Rapid diagnostic tools development is urgent to save lives. MantisCOVID is a cloud-based pre-diagnosis tool to be accessed from the internet. This tool delivers a rapid screening test by analyzing the X-ray Chest Radiograph scans via Artificial Intelligence (AI) and it also evaluates the mortality rate of patients with the synthesis of the patient history with the machine learning methods. This study reveals the methods used over the platform and evaluation of the algorithms via open datasets. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20090779 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.04.20090779 id: cord-302081-l9whadpi author: Yasin, El-Wajeh title: Opening Pandora’s box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients date: 2020-07-09 words: 1209.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302081-l9whadpi.txt summary: title: Opening Pandora''s box: surgical tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients 1 Key lessons derived from the cumulative experience of Asian and European intensive care units (ICUs), which dealt with critically ill patients during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons from the previous SARS and MERS outbreaks allowed hospitals in the UK to prepare preventive measures and adopt specific processes for the COVID-19 crisis. El-Wajeh, Yasin*; Varley, Iain; Raithatha, Ajay; Glossop, Alastair; Smith, Austen; Mohammed-Ali, Ricardo Performing a conventional tracheostomy in a COVID-19 patient can be compared to the Greek myth of opening Pandora''s box, which unleashed untold evils. When an ope surgical tracheostomy is performed in a COVID-19 patient, the risk of viral transmission to all the involved team members can be reduced by implementing a systematic and integrated approach with the surgeon and the intensivist/anaesthesiologist working in a synchronised manner. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.052 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.052 id: cord-032450-mklmsw01 author: Yasin, Rabab title: Chest X-ray findings monitoring COVID-19 disease course and severity date: 2020-09-22 words: 5326.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032450-mklmsw01.txt summary: Initial chest X-ray showed right peripheral mid and lower zonal air space consolidation opacities (arrows), smaller patches of consolidation is seen on the side (arrows), the severity score for the right lung was 2 and for the left lung was 1, so TSS was 3. Initial chest X-ray showed right small midzonal pulmonary nodules (short arrow), left midzonal neither peripheral nor perihilar air space consolidation opacities are seen (long arrows), and the severity score was 1 for each lung, so TSS was 2 Fig. 4 Four different patients with positive COVID-19. d 28-year male patient presented with cough, on initial X-ray showed right upper zonal (long arrow) and left midzonal (short arrow) air space consolidation opacities; the severity score was 1 for each lung, so TSS was 2 Yasin and Gouda Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (2020) 51:193 abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus related respiratory illness usually manifests clinically as pneumonia with predominant imaging findings of an atypical or organizing pneumonia. Plain radiography is very helpful for COVID-19 disease assessment and follow-up. It gives an accurate insight into the disease course. We aimed to determine the COVID-19 disease course and severity using chest X-ray (CXR) scoring system and correlate these with patients’ age, sex, and outcome. RESULTS: In our study, there were 350 patients proven with positive COVID-19 disease; 220 patients (62.9%) had abnormal baseline CXR and 130 patients (37.1%) had normal baseline CXR. During follow-up chest X-ray studies, 48 patients (13.7%) of the normal baseline CXR showed CXR abnormalities. In abnormal chest X-ray, consolidation opacities were the most common finding seen in 218 patients (81.3%), followed by reticular interstitial thickening seen in 107 patients (39.9%) and GGO seen in 87 patients (32.5%). Pulmonary nodules were found 25 patients (9.3%) and pleural effusion was seen in 20 patients (7.5%). Most of the patients showed bilateral lung affection (181 patients, 67.5%) with peripheral distribution (156 patients, 58.2%) and lower zone affection (196 patients, 73.1%). The total severity score was estimated in the baseline and follow-up CXR and it was ranged from 0 to 8. The outcome of COVID-19 disease was significantly related to the age, sex, and TSS of the patients. Male patients showed significantly higher mortality rate as compared to the female patients (P value 0.025). Also, the mortality rate was higher in patients older than 40 years especially with higher TSS. CONCLUSION: Radiographic findings are very good predictors for assessing the course of COVID-19 disease and it could be used as long-term consequences monitoring. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7506170/ doi: 10.1186/s43055-020-00296-x id: cord-300889-3tzg6few author: Yasri, S title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery date: 2020-06-28 words: 275.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300889-3tzg6few.txt summary: key: cord-300889-3tzg6few authors: Yasri, S; Wiwanitkit, V title: Re: Testing recommendation for COVID-19 and planned surgery cord_uid: 3tzg6few Please cite this article in press as: Yasri S, Wiwanitkit V. We found that the publication on "Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and "suppressing" the pandemic" is very interesting. 1 Al-Muharraqi noted that "The aforementioned recommendations may be expensive, but they can mitigate the risks to patients, staff, and public. 2 The concept to apply preoperative testing for COVID-19 is interesting. Regardless of preoperative testing for COVID-19, universal precautions for all patients are necessary. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620299/ doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.052 id: cord-261328-prczsz9m author: Yassa, Murat title: How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 words: 2150.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261328-prczsz9m.txt summary: title: How to perform and interpret the lung ultrasound by the obstetricians in pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic By contrast, lung ultrasound scanning (LUS) is easy to perform, has a non-ionizing nature, and has the advantages of bed-side application and thus is well suited for monitoring patients (2) (3) (4) (5) . In this educational, non-systematic pictorial review, all lung images and videoclips were obtained with a dedicated machine [Esaote S.p.a., Italy; Manufactured by: Eizo Nanao Corp., Model: EA720] for use in pregnant women with suspicion or diagnosis of COVID-19. LUS is a promising non-invasive, safe, and easily learned and performed imaging tool that can be used in pregnant women suspected of having COVID-19 pneumonia following an initial fetal assessment. How to perform lung ultrasound in pregnant women with suspected COVID-19 Lung ultrasound in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interobserver agreement study among obstetricians abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evidence for the use of lung ultrasound scan (LUS) examinations in coronavirus 2019 pneumonia is rapidly growing. The safe and non-ionizing nature of LUS drew attention, particularly for pregnant women. This study aimed to contribute to the interpretation of LUS findings in pregnant women for the obstetricians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LUS was performed to pregnant women suspected of or diagnosed as having Severe Acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the first 24 hours of admission. Fourteen areas (3 posterior, 2 lateral, and 2 anterior) were scanned per patient for at least 10 seconds along the indicated anatomical landmarks. The scan was performed in supine, right-sided and left-sided positions, respectively. Each area was given a score between 0 and 3 according to the specific pattern. RESULTS: In this study, 21 still images and 21 videoclips that enabled dynamic and real-time evaluation were provided. Pleural line assessment, physiologic A-lines, pathologic B-lines, light beam pattern, white lung pattern, and specific patterns for quick recognition and evaluation are described. CONCLUSION: The potential advantages and limitations of LUS and its areas of use for obstetricians are discussed. LUS is a promising supplementary imaging tool during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. It is easy to perform and may be feasible in the hands of obstetricians after a brief didactic course. It may be a firstline imaging modality for pregnant women. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072428/ doi: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2020.93902 id: cord-270528-3rsv3jlh author: Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh title: The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe? date: 2020-06-02 words: 3134.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270528-3rsv3jlh.txt summary: The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , and has affected people''s lives globally, since first observed in Wuhan, China in the last days of 2019 (1, 2) . On the other hand, the hyper-inflammatory and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) typical of COVID-19 causes tissue damage to the lung epithelium and ARDS (32); therefore, immunosuppressive drugs may be useful as there is some evidence that an anti-IL-6 approach is effective in critically ill patients in the ICU (33) . Also, due to the overexpression of ACE2 in islet cells of the pancreas, SARS-CoV-2 may be a diabetogenic virus that causes severe instability in the blood glucose levels of diabetes patients, which worsens the inflammatory imbalance (37) . abstract: AIM: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature review was performed to identify relevant articles on COVID-19 published up to April 30, 2020. The search resulted in 361 total articles. After reviewing the titles and abstracts for inclusion, some irrelevant papers were excluded. Additional relevant articles were identified from a review of citations referenced. KEY FINDINGS: SARS-CoV-2, directly and indirectly, affects the immune system and avoids being eliminated in early stages. On the other hand, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines creates critical conditions that lead to multi-organ failure. SIGNIFICANCE: The immune system which is affected by the virus tries to respond via a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation, which itself leads to further multi-organ damage and even death. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502542/ doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117900 id: cord-253196-et1ekgdl author: Yazdany, Jinoos title: Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know date: 2020-03-31 words: 1330.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt summary: Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1) (2) (3) . Here, we try to provide guidance regarding clinical decision making both for patients with COVID-19 and those with immune-mediated conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and strategies to mitigate further harm to these patients. At this time of crisis, it is our ethical obligation as physicians and researchers to organize and refer patients to expedited, well-performed randomized trials that can clarify if, when, and for whom antimalarial medications are helpful in COVID-19. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) abstract: Two medications often used for treatment of immune-mediated conditions, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, have recently attracted widespread interest as potential therapies for coronavirus disease 2019. The authors of this commentary provide guidance for clinical decision making for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 as well as for patients with rheumatologic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32232419/ doi: 10.7326/m20-1334 id: cord-031940-bbord079 author: Ye, Tingqing title: Analysis and prediction of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China with uncertain time series date: 2020-09-16 words: 3906.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031940-bbord079.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031940-bbord079.txt summary: In this section, classical time series analysis is applied to modeling the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases by local transmission in China. To model the data in Table 1 , we denote the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China from February 13 to March 23, 2020 by X 1 , X 2 , . Thus the disturbance term cannot be regarded as a random variable, and the classical time series analysis is not appropriate for predicting the future the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China. In this section, we will introduce the uncertain time series analysis, including least squares estimations, residual analysis, uncertain hypothesis test, forecast value, and confidence interval. In this section, we will introduce the uncertain time series analysis, including least squares estimations, residual analysis, uncertain hypothesis test, forecast value, and confidence interval. abstract: This paper presents an uncertain time series model to analyse and predict the evolution of confirmed COVID-19 cases in China, excluding imported cases. Compared with the results of the classical time series model, the uncertain time series model could better describe the COVID-19 epidemic by using an uncertain hypothesis test to filter out outliers. This improvement is reflected in the two observations. One is that the estimated variance of the disturbance term in the uncertain time series model is more appropriate and acceptable than that in the classical time series model, and the other is that the disturbance term of the classical time series model cannot be regarded as a random variable but as an uncertain variable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492689/ doi: 10.1007/s10700-020-09339-4 id: cord-226263-ns628u21 author: Ye, Yanfang title: $alpha$-Satellite: An AI-driven System and Benchmark Datasets for Hierarchical Community-level Risk Assessment to Help Combat COVID-19 date: 2020-03-27 words: 5694.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-226263-ns628u21.txt summary: In the system of α-Satellite, (1) we first construct an attributed heterogeneous information network (AHIN) to model the collected large-scale and real-time pandemic related data in a comprehensive way; (2) based on the constructed AHIN, to address the challenge of limited data that might be available for learning (e.g., social media data to learn public perceptions towards COVID-19 in a given area might not be sufficient), we then exploit the conditional generative adversarial nets (cGANs) to gain the public perceptions towards COVID-19 in each given area; and finally (3) we utilize meta-path based schemes to model both vertical and horizontal information associated with a given area, and devise a novel heterogeneous graph auto-encoder (GAE) to aggregate information from its neighborhood areas to estimate the risk of the given area in a hierarchical manner. abstract: The novel coronavirus and its deadly outbreak have posed grand challenges to human society: as of March 26, 2020, there have been 85,377 confirmed cases and 1,293 reported deaths in the United States; and the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - which has infected more than 531,000 people with more than 24,000 deaths in at least 171 countries - a global pandemic. A growing number of areas reporting local sub-national community transmission would represent a significant turn for the worse in the battle against the novel coronavirus, which points to an urgent need for expanded surveillance so we can better understand the spread of COVID-19 and thus better respond with actionable strategies for community mitigation. By advancing capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) and leveraging the large-scale and real-time data generated from heterogeneous sources (e.g., disease related data from official public health organizations, demographic data, mobility data, and user geneated data from social media), in this work, we propose and develop an AI-driven system (named $alpha$-Satellite}, as an initial offering, to provide hierarchical community-level risk assessment to assist with the development of strategies for combating the fast evolving COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, given a specific location (either user input or automatic positioning), the developed system will automatically provide risk indexes associated with it in a hierarchical manner (e.g., state, county, city, specific location) to enable individuals to select appropriate actions for protection while minimizing disruptions to daily life to the extent possible. The developed system and the generated benchmark datasets have been made publicly accessible through our website. The system description and disclaimer are also available in our website. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.12232v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-283616-ef84i589 author: Ye, Zheng title: Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review date: 2020-03-19 words: 2919.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283616-ef84i589.txt summary: In COVID-19 diagnosis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of viral nucleic acid is regarded as the reference standard; however, recent studies addressed the importance of chest computed tomography (CT) examination in COVID-19 patients with false negative RT-PCR results [4, 5] , and reported the CT sensitivity as 98% [6] . However, with further analysis of increasing cases, a diversity of interesting CT imaging features were found, including crazy paving pattern, airway changes, reversed halo sign etc. Reportedly, chest CT images could manifest different imaging features or patterns in COVID-19 patients with a different time course and disease severity [18, 20] . Recently, the first post-mortem biopsy in a COVID-19 patient was reported [27] , showing pulmonary edema and hyaline membrane formation in both lungs, which we speculate may be the underlying pathological driver of GGO sign. Although bilateral GGO and consolidation were reported as the predominant imaging characteristics in COVID-19, chest CT manifestations can vary in different patients and stages. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, first reported in Wuhan, China, has rapidly swept around the world just within a month, causing global public health emergency. In diagnosis, chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations can supplement parts of limitations of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Based on a comprehensive literature review and the experience in the frontline, we aim to review the typical and relatively atypical CT manifestations with representative COVID-19 cases at our hospital, and hope to strengthen the recognition of these features with radiologists and help them make a quick and accurate diagnosis. Key Points • Ground glass opacities, consolidation, reticular pattern, and crazy paving pattern are typical CT manifestations of COVID-19. • Emerging atypical CT manifestations, including airway changes, pleural changes, fibrosis, nodules, etc., were demonstrated in COVID-19 patients. • CT manifestations may associate with the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32193638/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06801-0 id: cord-238881-tupom7fb author: Yeh, Chun-Fu title: A Cascaded Learning Strategy for Robust COVID-19 Pneumonia Chest X-Ray Screening date: 2020-04-24 words: 3356.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-238881-tupom7fb.txt summary: Although the recent international joint effort on making the availability of all sorts of open data, the public collection of CXR images is still relatively small for reliably training a deep neural network (DNN) to carry out COVID-19 prediction. Although the recent international joint effort on making the availability of all sorts of open data, the public collection of CXR images is still relatively small for reliably training a deep neural network (DNN) to carry out COVID-19 prediction. Our approach leverages a large CXR image dataset of non-COVID-19 pneumonia to generalize the original well-trained classification model via a cascaded learning scheme. Our approach leverages a large CXR image dataset of non-COVID-19 pneumonia to generalize the original well-trained classification model via a cascaded learning scheme. To extend the model, we collaborate with several medical research centers in Taiwan to collect chest x-ray images from COVID-19 patients at various stages, and re-train the pneumonia classification system using a three-stage cascaded learning strategy. abstract: We introduce a comprehensive screening platform for the COVID-19 (a.k.a., SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. The proposed AI-based system works on chest x-ray (CXR) images to predict whether a patient is infected with the COVID-19 disease. Although the recent international joint effort on making the availability of all sorts of open data, the public collection of CXR images is still relatively small for reliably training a deep neural network (DNN) to carry out COVID-19 prediction. To better address such inefficiency, we design a cascaded learning strategy to improve both the sensitivity and the specificity of the resulting DNN classification model. Our approach leverages a large CXR image dataset of non-COVID-19 pneumonia to generalize the original well-trained classification model via a cascaded learning scheme. The resulting screening system is shown to achieve good classification performance on the expanded dataset, including those newly added COVID-19 CXR images. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.12786v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-266755-y2lf7ssp author: Yehualashet, Awgichew Shewasinad title: ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review date: 2020-09-16 words: 4160.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266755-y2lf7ssp.txt summary: 21, 22 Both ACE-1 and ACE-2 cleave angiotensin peptides in that ACE-1 cleaves angiotensin I and generating angiotensin (Ang) II, which causes vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, increases vascular permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis and enhance the development of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. 36 The probable rational proposed for the possible relation between the use of ACEIs/ARBs, and progression to ARDS in COVID-19 is the increased availability of ACE-2 attached to surface in the lung endothelium, an inherent effect of these two classes, leading to enhanced coupling of SARS-CoV2 to ACE-2 and its consequent cell entry. Based on prior animal studies, it was suggested that proposed ACEIs and ARBs can enhance ACE2 activity and thereby increase infectivity of COVID-19 virus. 48 In severe lung injury animal models, preclinical studies have showed that ACE2 is significantly downregulated and it has been shown that the inhibition of the angiotensin type 1 receptor by ARB like losartan reduces severe acute lung injury in mice administered with the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV. abstract: Although some animal studies suggested that the use of ACEIs/ARBs could contribute for the prevention and treatment of the effects of the COVID-19 infection, there are also contradictory scenarios indicating that their use may exacerbate the deleterious conditions of the infection. As a result of the paradoxical issue of using ACEIs/ARBs during COVID-19, it is still an area requiring extended investigation to prove. Additionally, a trial evidence of their efficacy and the possible benefit risk analysis of these conventional drugs during COVID-19 in connection with other comorbidities like hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease associated with diabetes should also be addressed. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s264882 doi: 10.2147/idr.s264882 id: cord-317823-ztawznod author: Yehya, Nadir title: Statewide Interventions and Covid-19 Mortality in the United States: An Observational Study date: 2020-07-08 words: 3509.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317823-ztawznod.txt summary: Historical analysis of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic during the second wave of infections that examined 43 cities in the United States demonstrated an association between earlier school closures and bans on public gatherings with lower mortality [5] . Therefore, we assessed the association between the timing of emergency declarations and school closures, two specific statewide distancing measures, and subsequent Covid-19 mortality. Second, because deaths per million is a common method to compare localities, we provide an analysis testing the association between deaths per million at the state level after multivariable adjustment relative to timing of emergency declarations or statewide school closures. States implementing emergency declarations or school closures later in the course of the pandemic experienced higher Covid-19 mortality, with each day of delay increasing mortality risk 5 to 6%. abstract: BACKGROUND: Social distancing is encouraged to mitigate viral spreading during outbreaks. However, the association between distancing and patient-centered outcomes in Covid-19 has not been demonstrated. In the United States social distancing orders are implemented at the state level with variable timing of onset. Emergency declarations and school closures were two early statewide interventions. METHODS: To determine whether later distancing interventions were associated with higher mortality, we performed a state-level analysis in 55,146 Covid-19 non-survivors. We tested the association between timing of emergency declarations and school closures with 28-day mortality using multivariable negative binomial regression. Day 1 for each state was set to when they recorded ≥ 10 deaths. We performed sensitivity analyses to test model assumptions. RESULTS: At time of analysis, 37 of 50 states had ≥ 10 deaths and 28 follow-up days. Both later emergency declaration (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR] 1.05 per day delay, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09, p=0.040) and later school closure (aMRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09, p=0.008) were associated with more deaths. When assessing all 50 states and setting day 1 to the day a state recorded its first death, delays in declaring an emergency (aMRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09, p=0.020) or closing schools (aMRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09, p<0.001) were associated with more deaths. Results were unchanged when excluding New York and New Jersey. CONCLUSIONS: Later statewide emergency declarations and school closure were associated with higher Covid-19 mortality. Each day of delay increased mortality risk 5 to 6%. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32634828/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa923 id: cord-342873-eu7f0zjm author: Yeleswaram, Swamy title: Inhibition of cytokine signaling by ruxolitinib and implications for COVID-19 treatment date: 2020-06-23 words: 2885.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342873-eu7f0zjm.txt summary: Patients with severe COVID-19 experience elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can result in cytokine storm, followed by massive immune cell infiltration into the lungs leading to alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death. Although most patients with COVID-19 experience only mild-to-moderate disease, approximately 15% progress to severe pneumonia, and 5% develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and/or multiple organ failure, which can rapidly lead to death [3] . The high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to massive immune cell infiltration of the lungs in patients with COVID-19, resulting in alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death [7, 8] . Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 that is approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera, and steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof 6 host disease (SR-aGVHD) [15] . abstract: Approximately 15% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience severe disease, and 5% progress to critical stage that can result in rapid death. No vaccines or antiviral treatments have yet proven effective against COVID-19. Patients with severe COVID-19 experience elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can result in cytokine storm, followed by massive immune cell infiltration into the lungs leading to alveolar damage, decreased lung function, and rapid progression to death. As many of the elevated cytokines signal through Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2, inhibition of these pathways with ruxolitinib has the potential to mitigate the COVID-19–associated cytokine storm and reduce mortality. This is supported by preclinical and clinical data from other diseases with hyperinflammatory states, where ruxolitinib has been shown to reduce cytokine levels and improve outcomes. The urgent need for treatments for patients with severe disease support expedited investigation of ruxolitinib for patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108517 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108517 id: cord-322290-zx3i8mpo author: Yelin, Dana title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs date: 2020-09-01 words: 927.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322290-zx3i8mpo.txt summary: title: Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are unknown (as are many aspects of the acute disease). Long-term consequences were observed in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 5,6 but it is unknown whether lessons from SARS are applicable to COVID-19. We owe good answers on the long-term consequences of the disease to our patients and healthcare providers. Careful recording of symptoms and patient examination should allow understanding of which part of the sequelae is common to all severe infections, which symptoms might be explained by the anxiety caused by a new disease and by the isolation, 9 and which symptoms are secondary to a complicated form of COVID-19 (eg, pulmonary involvement during the acute disease). Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up The long-term impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and health status abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30701-5 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30701-5 id: cord-301388-p3juk2vv author: Yen, Muh-Yong title: Recommendations for protecting against and mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care facilities date: 2020-04-10 words: 3933.0 sentences: 225.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301388-p3juk2vv.txt summary: 5, 6 It is therefore essential that the health care community develop infection control guidelines on prevention measures to address pandemic preparedness and response in LTCFs. 7, 8 Here we offer recommendations based on what we consider the "gold standard" for pandemic preparedness and response in LTCFs. However, we recognize that the ideal response we describe is likely not an option for LTCFs in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic. 18 Given the significant vulnerability of LTCF residents and staff to the COVID-19 pandemic, here we recommend adopting eTCB, and adapting it to LTCFs. Enhanced TCB protects LTCF staff and residents from droplet, contact and fomite transmission through a process including triage prior to entering the facility, separate zones of risk within the facility and checkpoint hand hygiene throughout. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak has drawn heightened attention from public health scholars researching ways to limit its spread. Much of the research has been focused on minimizing transmission in hospitals and in the general community. However, a particularly vulnerable community that has received relatively little attention is elders residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). In this article we address this relative lack of attention, arguing that enhanced traffic control bundling (eTCB) can and should be adopted and implemented as a means of protecting LTCF residents and staff. Enhanced TCB has been widely applied in hospital settings and has proven effective at limiting droplet and fomite transmissions both within hospitals and between hospitals and the general community. By effectively adapting eTCB to LTCF conditions, particularly by incorporating compartmentalization within zones plus active surveillance, COVID-19 transmission into and throughout LTCFs can be minimized, thereby saving numerous lives among an especially vulnerable population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32303480/ doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.003 id: cord-033204-v17d98c9 author: Yen, Wei‐Ting title: Taiwan’s COVID‐19 Management: Developmental State, Digital Governance, and State‐Society Synergy date: 2020-09-23 words: 6583.0 sentences: 387.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033204-v17d98c9.txt summary: The country''s success mainly lies in three factors: (1) reliance on the mask policy as the main disease prevention measure and the ability to quickly expand mask production capacity; (2) use of big data and technology to enhance effective implementation of disease prevention and detection measures; and (3) strong state‐society relations favoring transparency, communication, and collaboration. I then turn to the crisis management framework, discussing how the developmental state foundations and the democratic regime lead to Taiwan''s success on mask policy, digital governance, and strong state-society collaboration and communication. Moreover, the capacity of a government to define and communicate the uncertainty the crisis brings is also an essential element in an effective response because collective sense-making can help increase citizens'' voluntary compliance. Specifically, during COVID-19, digital governance helped improve disease detection through integrated databases of people''s health records and travel history, through more accurate contact tracing, and through active surveillance tracking for people under quarantine. abstract: This article examines the reasons behind Taiwan’s effective COVID‐19 response. While some have argued that Taiwan’s success with COVID‐19 is based on its experience with SARS, I argue that we should not attribute Taiwan’s effective response solely to its SARS experience. The country’s success mainly lies in three factors: (1) reliance on the mask policy as the main disease prevention measure and the ability to quickly expand mask production capacity; (2) use of big data and technology to enhance effective implementation of disease prevention and detection measures; and (3) strong state‐society relations favoring transparency, communication, and collaboration. The first two factors can trace their roots to the country’s developmental state model. Democracy provides the institutional underpinning for a vibrant civil society and the synergy between state and civil society, strengthening Taiwan’s crisis governance legitimacy and increasing citizens’ voluntary compliance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537052/ doi: 10.1111/aspp.12541 id: cord-332292-n7k4va9k author: Yen, Yung-Feng title: Olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-08-20 words: 1239.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332292-n7k4va9k.txt summary: Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to characterize the clinical course of olfactory disorder in COVID-19 patients in Taiwan. Two patients exhibited anosmia as the main symptom at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while one patient had hyposmia 4 days after the onset of COVID-19. 7 All patients with olfactory disorder in our study fully recovered their olfactory function before the RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 turned negative. This cohort study was the first to characterize the clinical course of olfactory disorder in COVID-19 patients. 2 Limited COVID-19 cases in this study may preclude this J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f analysis from estimating the precise prevalence of olfactory disorder in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, consistent with a current report, 7 the findings of our study suggest that olfactory disorder is not an uncommon symptom in COVID-19 patients. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study abstract: Abstract Three (60%) of five patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had olfactory disorder. Two exhibited anosmia at the onset of COVID-19, while one had hyposmia 4 days after the onset of COVID-19. All patients with olfactory disorder were completely recovered with a mean recovery length of 11.3 days. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1684118220302085 doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.08.010 id: cord-289154-rwk2wajl author: Yeo, Danson title: COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons date: 2020-04-13 words: 1531.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289154-rwk2wajl.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and the General Surgical Department – Measures to Reduce Spread of SARS-COV-2 Among Surgeons The screening centre also functions as a full-fledged Emergency Department as some patients may have symptoms of both COVID-19 and also a concurrent medical or surgical presentation and diagnosis. In order to ensure continuity of our surgical services in the unfortunate event of HCW COVID-19 transmission, each subspecialty team is divided into 2 or more sub-teams. Inter-hospital rotation of surgical residents has also been halted to reduce the chance of crosshospital interaction and potential transmission of COVID-19 between HCWs. Patients undergoing essential elective surgery are screened on arrival to the hospital for fever, upper respiratory tract (URTI) symptoms and contact/travel history. Emergency surgery for confirmed COVID-19 patients or suspect cases are performed in a dedicated operating theatre in NCID. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32301805/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003957 id: cord-033312-ja45g4b0 author: Yetkin, Ertan title: COVID-19 pandemic: a glimpse into newly diagnosed hypertensive patients date: 2020-09-17 words: 631.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033312-ja45g4b0.txt summary: Clinicians also need strong recommendations regarding the prescription of these agents for newly diagnosed hypertension cases with or without concomitant conditions, including heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. Considering the obscure and multifaceted effects of ACEIs and ARBs in various clinical conditions, it seems plausible to prescribe these agents exclusively for compelling indications (for which these agents are known to be indisputably beneficial), including concomitant heart failure and ischemic heart disease, etc, in the setting of newly diagnosed hypertension. On the other hand, withholding ACEIs or ARBs as the first choice with particular preference of other antihypertensive classes, including calcium antagonist, β-blockers, diuretics, and α-blockers in the absence of compelling indications may eliminate the concerns on the patient''s side and thereby may increase the drug compliance in the setting of newly diagnosed hypertension during the spreading outbreak of COVID-19. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin system blockage in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective case control study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7540198/ doi: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000234 id: cord-168557-xt4bf31r author: Yi, Jirong title: Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints date: 2020-08-05 words: 1409.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-168557-xt4bf31r.txt summary: title: Optimal Pooling Matrix Design for Group Testing with Dilution (Row Degree) Constraints In this paper, we consider the problem of designing optimal pooling matrix for group testing (for example, for COVID-19 virus testing) with the constraint that no more than $r>0$ samples can be pooled together, which we call"dilution constraint". We explicitly give pooling matrix designs that satisfy the dilution constraint and have performance guarantees of identifying anomalous elements, and prove their optimality in saving the largest number of tests, namely showing that the designed matrices have the largest width-to-height ratio among all constraint-satisfying 0-1 matrices. Pooled sample testing has been proposed as a method for increasing the effective capacity of existing testing infrastructure using the classical method of group testing or newly introduced compressed sensing techniques for virus testing [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] using the RT-qPCR (real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA issues first emergency authorization for sample pooling in diagnostic testing abstract: In this paper, we consider the problem of designing optimal pooling matrix for group testing (for example, for COVID-19 virus testing) with the constraint that no more than $r>0$ samples can be pooled together, which we call"dilution constraint". This problem translates to designing a matrix with elements being either 0 or 1 that has no more than $r$ '1's in each row and has a certain performance guarantee of identifying anomalous elements. We explicitly give pooling matrix designs that satisfy the dilution constraint and have performance guarantees of identifying anomalous elements, and prove their optimality in saving the largest number of tests, namely showing that the designed matrices have the largest width-to-height ratio among all constraint-satisfying 0-1 matrices. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.01944v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-305422-t8azymo7 author: Yi, Ye title: COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease date: 2020-03-15 words: 8300.0 sentences: 446.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305422-t8azymo7.txt summary: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19) [1] . Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012). Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases ( Table 2) . abstract: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans. Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism. However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women. In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject. We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease. Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226295/ doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45134 id: cord-350082-n39wakfp author: Yi, Zhan-Miao title: Mapping Evidence of Pharmacy Services for COVID-19 in China date: 2020-10-02 words: 5631.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350082-n39wakfp.txt summary: Pharmacist interventions for COVID-19 patients most commonly related to guidelines or consensus development for the treatment of disease and practice procedure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), the supply of medicines to treat patients with severe respiratory or systematic symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), formulating infections prevention and control strategies related to COVID-19 for pharmaceutical personnel/pharmacy staff (n = 14, 15.39%), new way of delivery pharmacy services and the implementation of new pharmacy services for COVID-19 outbreak (n = 14, 15.39%), routine pharmacy services under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak (n = 39, 42.86%), and case series analysis of treatment regimens using existing, routinely collected data (n = 4, 4.40%). Majority are providing routine pharmaceutical care and medication information, especially for special population under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak, prevention and control strategies for hospital pharmacy, clinics specially for fever patients or emergency room, and emergency management model set up. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of pharmacists and innovation of pharmacy interventions for COVID-19 patients in China. METHODS: We comprehensively searched PubMed and Chinese databases Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify articles reporting pharmacist interventions and pharmacy services for COVID-19 patients using a predefined search strategy. The search period was from inception to April 7(th) 2020. We also manually searched the reference list of included articles and websites of important journals with special issues for COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 156 articles were identified by applying the search criteria. After screening, 91 articles, with the majority are literature reviews (n = 77, 84.62%) published in Chinese (n = 83, 91.2%), were included. Pharmacist interventions for COVID-19 patients most commonly related to guidelines or consensus development for the treatment of disease and practice procedure to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), the supply of medicines to treat patients with severe respiratory or systematic symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 10, 10.98%), formulating infections prevention and control strategies related to COVID-19 for pharmaceutical personnel/pharmacy staff (n = 14, 15.39%), new way of delivery pharmacy services and the implementation of new pharmacy services for COVID-19 outbreak (n = 14, 15.39%), routine pharmacy services under the restrict limit of COVID-19 outbreak (n = 39, 42.86%), and case series analysis of treatment regimens using existing, routinely collected data (n = 4, 4.40%). CONCLUSION: Pharmacy services have a role in the COVID-19 pandemic control, and there were many rapid changes in response to the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33117160/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.555753 id: cord-269301-3e5uxunm author: Yilmaz, Resul title: Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-27 words: 710.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269301-3e5uxunm.txt summary: title: Anesthetic management for cesarean birth in pregnancy with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) There is limited information about COVID-19 infection and its treatment during pregnancy. Based on these two reports, we preferred to apply spinal anesthesia. In order to avoid possible hypotension, after the case was taken to the operation room, we applied approximately 500 ml of iv hydration and spinal anesthesia with 10 mg of bupivacaine. Hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir and azithromycin Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment was applied for the COVID-19 infection of the patient after surgery. We provided a successful anesthetic management in this case, where we applied spinal anesthesia with cesarean delivery. Safety and efficacy of different anesthetic regimens for parturients with COVID-19 undergoing Cesarean delivery: a case series of 17 patients Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952818020308953?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109921 id: cord-297918-840thddt author: Yilmaz, Umut title: COVID-19: neurologische Manifestationen: Was wir bisher wissen date: 2020-09-02 words: 1333.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297918-840thddt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297918-840thddt.txt summary: So wurde in einer ersten Studie mit 214 COVID-19-Patienten aus Wuhan eine neurologische Beteiligung in 36,4 % der Fälle beschrieben [1] . Eine Studie mit 58 aufgrund eines akuten Lungenversagens ("acute respiratory distress syndrome", ARDS) intensivmedizinisch behandelten COVID-19-Patienten aus Straßburg berichtet von neurologischen Komplikationen in 84 % der Fälle. Im weiteren Verlauf der Pandemie sind in den letzten Monaten zahlreiche Fallberichte und Fallserien publiziert worden, die von unterschiedlichen neurologischen Manifestationen bei CO-VID-19-Patienten berichten. Daher wurden in einer aktuellen Metaanalyse von Fallberichten und Studien zu neurologischen Komplikationen standardisierte Falldefinitionen für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Zusammenhangs zur COVID-19-Infektion gefordert [7] . Eine PCR-Analyse des Liquors auf SARS-CoV-2 wurde in 4 Fällen durchgeführt und fiel bei einem Patienten positiv aus. In einer europäischen Studie mit 417 Patienten wird von Störungen des Geruchs-oder Geschmackssinnes in über 85 % der Fälle mit bestätigter Infektion berichtet [2] . Saggese und Kollegen berichten von einem 62-jährigen COVID-19-positiven Patienten mit multiplen vaskulären Risikofaktoren, der aufgrund eines Schlaganfalls behandelt wurde. abstract: Shortly after the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic there was also an increasing number of reports of neurological complications in infected patients. Many case reports and case series described associated diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems and cerebrovascular complications. This review article provides a short overview of the currently confusing picture of recent findings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880004/ doi: 10.1007/s00117-020-00748-5 id: cord-171660-iqgi1906 author: Yin, Hui title: Detecting Topic and Sentiment Dynamics Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Using Social Media date: 2020-07-05 words: 3440.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt txt: ./txt/cord-171660-iqgi1906.txt summary: In this work, we propose a novel framework to analyze the topic and sentiment dynamics due to COVID-19 from the massive social media posts. Based on a collection of 13 million tweets related to COVID-19 over two weeks, we found that the positive sentiment shows higher ratio than the negative sentiment during the study period. Such massive personal posts from social media could become invaluable data sources for large-scale sentiment and topic mining for monitoring people''s mental health across different events or topics [21] . With the spreading of COVID-19 across the world, researchers have proposed to use sentiment analysis based on social media as a tool to monitor people''s mental health. [15] adopted a classic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model method to generate 10 topics in a random sample of 18,000 tweets about coronavirus, then they used NRC sentiment dictionary to calculate the presence of eight different emotions, which were "anger", "anticipation", "disgust", "fear", "joy", "sadness", "surprise" and "trust". abstract: The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has greatly influenced people's daily lives across the globe. Emergent measures and policies (e.g., lockdown, social distancing) have been taken by governments to combat this highly infectious disease. However, people's mental health is also at risk due to the long-time strict social isolation rules. Hence, monitoring people's mental health across various events and topics will be extremely necessary for policy makers to make the appropriate decisions. On the other hand, social media have been widely used as an outlet for people to publish and share their personal opinions and feelings. The large scale social media posts (e.g., tweets) provide an ideal data source to infer the mental health for people during this pandemic period. In this work, we propose a novel framework to analyze the topic and sentiment dynamics due to COVID-19 from the massive social media posts. Based on a collection of 13 million tweets related to COVID-19 over two weeks, we found that the positive sentiment shows higher ratio than the negative sentiment during the study period. When zooming into the topic-level analysis, we find that different aspects of COVID-19 have been constantly discussed and show comparable sentiment polarities. Some topics like ``stay safe home"are dominated with positive sentiment. The others such as ``people death"are consistently showing negative sentiment. Overall, the proposed framework shows insightful findings based on the analysis of the topic-level sentiment dynamics. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.02304v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-283376-6wolrfvk author: Yin, M. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During Pregnancy In China: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-04-11 words: 4109.0 sentences: 301.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283376-6wolrfvk.txt summary: For this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed clinical records, laboratory findings, and chest CT scans from 31 pregnant women and 35 non-pregnant women from Jan 28 to Feb 28, 2020 to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. 4, [7] [8] [9] Although numerous studies have illuminated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of general population with COVID-19, 2, 8 little has been reported about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women. Considering that inflammatory cytokine storm was the main lethal factor of infectious pneumonia such as SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), 18-21 we compared the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and some inflammatory indices including NLR, LMR, PLR, SII, ANRI and APRI, in pregnant and non-pregnant patients ( author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. 12 However, we found a shorter interval from onset to hospitalization and severer COVID-19 in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the cause of the ongoing worldwide epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and worldwide. However, there were few studies about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 31 pregnant women and 35 non-pregnant women from Jan 28 to Feb 28, 2020 to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Inflammatory indices were used to assess the severity of COVID-19. Evidence of vertical transmission was determined by laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples. Findings Compared with non-pregnant women, pregnant women had a significantly lower proportion of fever (54.8% vs. 87.5%, p= 0.006), a shorter average interval from onset to hospitalization, and a higher proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 (32.3% vs. 11.4%, p=0.039). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systematic immune-inflammation-based prognostic index (SII) were significantly higher on admission in severe/critical pneumonia group than moderate pneumonia group. We could not detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples. Conclusions The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women were insidious and atypical, compared with those in non-pregnant patients. SII and NLR could be a useful marker to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. There was no evidence of vertical transmission during pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.07.20053744v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.07.20053744 id: cord-339266-glmshsh6 author: Yin, R. title: Clinical characteristics of 106 patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study date: 2020-05-05 words: 4571.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339266-glmshsh6.txt summary: Objectives:To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with co-morbid neurological symptoms. Conclusions:Patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. Clinical case studies of COVID-19 showed that elderly patients and patients with co-morbid neurological diseases had a high rate of severe and critical illness and a high rate of mortality. 13, 14 To the best of our knowledge, except for a few case reports, there has been no clinical analysis of patients with neurological diseases and co-morbid COVID-19. In summary, patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. Patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. abstract: Objectives:To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with co-morbid neurological symptoms. Design:Retrospective case series. Setting:Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China. Participants:From 4 February to 14 April 2020, 106 patients with neurological diseases were enrolled from all patients in the hospital with confirmed COVID-19 and divided into a severe group and a nonsevere group according to their COVID-19 diagnosis. Main outcome measures:Clinical characteristics, laboratory results, imaging findings, and treatment methods were all retrieved through an electronic medical records system and recorded in spreadsheets. Results:The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of patients was 72.7 (11.8) years, and 64 patients were male (60.4%). Among patients with co-morbid neurological diseases, 81 had a previous cerebral infarction (76.4%), 20 had dementia (18.9%), 10 had acute cerebral infarction (9.4%), 5 had sequelae of cerebral haemorrhage (4.7%), 4 had intracranial mass lesions (3.8%), 3 had epilepsy (2.8%), 2 had Parkinsons disease (1.9%), and 1 had myelopathy (0.9%). Fever (n = 62, 58.5%) was the most common symptom. The most common neurological symptoms were myalgia (n = 26, 24.5%), followed by extremity paralysis (n = 20, 18.9%), impaired consciousness (n = 17, 16%), and positive focal neurological signs (n = 42, 39.6%). Eight patients (7.5%) died. There were more patients with altered mental status in the severe group than in the non-severe group (6 [10.2%] vs. 0, P = 0.033). The inflammatory response in the severe group was more significant than that in the non-severe group. There were more patients taking anticoagulant drugs (25 [42.4%] vs. 4 [8.5%], P < 0.001) and sedative drugs (22 [37.3%] vs. 9 [19.1%], P = 0.041) in the severe group than in the non-severe group. Amid all 93 patients with cerebrovascular diseases, only 32 (34.4%) were taking aspirin, 13 (14%) taking clopidogrel, and 33 (35.5%) taking statins. Conclusions:Patients with COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases had an advanced age, a high rate of severe illness, and a high mortality rate. Among the neurological symptoms, altered mental status was more common in patients with severe COVID-19 with co-morbid neurological diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20085415 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20085415 id: cord-347288-ub0l4mov author: Yin, Xi title: Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score date: 2020-06-11 words: 2863.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347288-ub0l4mov.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744–0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). The aim of this study was to use an open-source software platform to compare the accuracy of the clinical classification of the severity of COVID-19 based on quantitative CT parameters and the semiquantitative visual score. Table 5 shows the cutoff values, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval when the chest CT images of all subjects were assessed with the two different systems: the quantitative CT parameters were more accurate than the semiquantitative visual score for determination of the severity of COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 187 patients with COVID-19 treated at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from February 15, 2020, to February 29, 2020. Demographic data, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and based on the clinical classification of severity, patients were divided into groups 1 (mild) and 2 (severe/critical). A semiquantitative visual score was used to estimate the lesion extent. A three-dimensional slicer was used to precisely quantify the volume and CT value of the lung and lesions. Correlation coefficients of the quantitative CT parameters, semiquantitative visual score, and clinical classification were calculated using Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracies of quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. RESULTS: There were 59 patients in group 1 and 128 patients in group 2. The mean age and sex distribution of the two groups were not significantly different. The lesions were primarily located in the subpleural area. Compared to group 1, group 2 had larger values for all volume-dependent parameters (p < 0.001). The percentage of lesions had the strongest correlation with disease severity with a correlation coefficient of 0.495. In comparison, the correlation coefficient of semiquantitative score was 0.349. To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744–0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The classification accuracy of quantitative CT parameters was significantly superior to that of semiquantitative visual score in terms of evaluating the severity of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677384/ doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0423 id: cord-341818-mm3d4jkh author: Ying, Mingliang title: COVID-19 with acute cholecystitis: a case report date: 2020-06-22 words: 1706.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341818-mm3d4jkh.txt summary: CASE PRESENTATION: A case of 68-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia who had constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen during her hospitalization that was finally diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) was performed, and the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 nucleic acid assay of the bile was found to be negative. Here, we report a confirmed case of a female with COVID-19 pneumonia who had constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen during her hospitalization that finally diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. At first, the patient did not show any abdominal symptoms except diarrhea; however, she developed constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen and Murphy''s sign after 10 days of hospitalization, and her body temperature was elevated to 38.3°C (100.9°F). abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) presents a major threat to public health and has rapidly spread worldwide since the outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in 2019. To date, there have been few reports of the varying degrees of illness caused by the COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A case of 68-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia who had constant pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen during her hospitalization that was finally diagnosed as acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) was performed, and the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 nucleic acid assay of the bile was found to be negative. PTGD, antibacterial and anti-virus combined with interferon inhalation treatment were successful. CONCLUSION: The time course of chest CT findings is typical for COVID-19 pneumonia. PTGD is useful for acute cholecystitis in COVID-19 patients. Acute cholecystitis is likely to be caused by COVID-19 . url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05164-7 doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05164-7 id: cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author: Ying, Wang title: Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-06 words: 2593.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt summary: According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. 4 The Pharmaceutical Department of THJU has carried out a series of work in terms of drug supply and pharmaceutical service, which has provided effective support for prevention, control and treatments of COVID-19. By implementing the man-management guarantee practice, the pharmacology department of THJU has resolve the problem of insufficient medical staff, ensuring the physical and mental health of pharmacists and deepen understanding COVID -19 prevention and control plans. abstract: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that was first detected at the end of December 2019. The epidemic has affected various regions of China in different degrees. As the situations evolve, the COVID-19 had been confirmed in many countries, and made a assessment that it can be characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Drugs are the main treatment of COVID-19 patients. Pharmaceutical service offers drug safety ensurance for COVID-19 patients. According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. During the outbreak, the pharmaceutical department of THJU completed its assigned workload to ensure drug supply. So far, no nosocomial infections and medication errors have occurred, which has stabilized the mood of the staff and boosted the pharmacists' confidence in fighting the epidemic. For the treatment of COVID-19, pharmacists conducted adverse reaction monitoring and participated in the multidisciplinary consultation of COVID-19. Up to now, the COVID-19 patients admitted to THJU have not shown any new serious adverse reactions and been cured finally. The hospital pharmacy department timely adjusted the work mode, and the formed management practices is a powerful guarantee for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32317153/ doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.001 id: cord-252799-p2ulrnsi author: Ying-Ying Wong, Ashley title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise date: 2020-07-28 words: 1649.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252799-p2ulrnsi.txt summary: The local professional football leagues, governed by the Hong Kong Football Association, ultimately postponed all matches after much deliberation on the transmission risk for the spectators and on-field players. We performed a laboratory study to investigate the physiological effect of wearing a facemask during simulated hiking and found that it significantly elevated heart rate and perceived exertion. 1 The highly transmittable viral infection is caused by the virus 39 known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), which genomic 40 analysis revealed that it is genetically related to the SARS outbreak 2 that infected 8098 individuals The final impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise cannot be determined at this 257 stage, however, the information that we gathered may provide valuable guidance to athletes and governing committees to move forward safely. abstract: COVID-19 is a droplet-transmitted potentially fatal coronavirus pandemic affecting the world in 2020. The WHO recommended social distancing and human-to-human contact was discouraged to control the transmission. It has put many countries in a state of lockdown and sporting events (including the 2020 Olympics) have been affected. Participation in sports and exercise, typically regarded as healthy activities, were also debated. The local professional football leagues, governed by the Hong Kong Football Association, ultimately postponed all matches after much deliberation on the transmission risk for the spectators and on-field players. Large spectating crowds are well-known to be infectious hazards, but the infection risk for on-field players is less recognized. To address this question, we performed a small-scale investigation that showed, in a 90 min match, the average duration of close contact between players was 19 min and each player performed an average of 52 episodes of infection-risky behaviours. This suggests that the infection risk was high for the players, even without spectators. Aside from watching professionals exercise, many people opted to hike in the countryside during the weekends to avoid city crowds. This led to a widespread discussion on the issue of masked versus unmasked hiking. We performed a laboratory study to investigate the physiological effect of wearing a facemask during simulated hiking and found that it significantly elevated heart rate and perceived exertion. The clinical implication is that hikers need to realize masks increase the physiological burden, especially in those with multiple underlying comorbidities. Elite athletes, especially those training for the upcoming Olympics, needed to balance and reschedule their training regime since the risk of deconditioning versus the risk of infection was a genuine dilemma for themselves and their team. We described the multiple infection-control measures imposed by the national team training centre to help strike this balance. Amidst a global pandemic affecting millions; staying active is good, but staying safe is paramount. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214687320300674 doi: 10.1016/j.asmart.2020.07.006 id: cord-318457-k5kkd5qp author: Yoganathan, Anusha title: Cardiovascular disease and the impact of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 251.0 sentences: 22.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318457-k5kkd5qp.txt summary: key: cord-318457-k5kkd5qp cord_uid: k5kkd5qp It is, by now, well established that patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension or ischemic heart disease, are more vulnerable and at risk from severe complications due to COVID-19. One of the most important pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is lying in its affinity to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or utilization of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Several studies have reported equivocal outcomes in using ACEi and ARBs in patients with COVID-19, whether they were using ACEi/ARBs before contracting COVID-19 or they were initiated/suspended during the course of the infection; yet there is lack of robust evidence supporting the use or discontinuation of RAAS medications. Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542799/ doi: 10.1111/jocs.14682 id: cord-337499-jzpgtkai author: Yong Choi, Sung title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea date: 2020-06-17 words: 4736.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337499-jzpgtkai.txt summary: title: Safe surgical tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol based on experiences with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. In contrast, the surgical tracheostomy for the COVID-19 patient was performed by one dedicated head and neck surgeon and ICU medical staff (two intensivists and one senior nurse), who worked only in the negative pressure room for COVID-19, and assisted with all procedures (Supplementary Figure 1) . The first cannula change for the COVID-19 patient was performed by the same surgeon with enhanced PPE at 13 days because that patient had three consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests 11 days after tracheostomy. abstract: BACKGROUND: A subset of patients with COVID-19 require intensive respiratory care and tracheostomy. Several guidelines on tracheostomy procedures and care of tracheostomized patients have been introduced. In addition to these guidelines, further details of the procedure and perioperative care would be helpful. The purpose of this study is to describe our experience and tracheostomy protocol for patients with MERS or COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with MERS were admitted to the ICU, 9 (69.2%) of whom underwent surgical tracheostomy. During the COVID-19 outbreak, surgical tracheostomy was performed in one of seven patients with COVID-19. We reviewed related documents and collected information through interviews with healthcare workers who had participated in designing a tracheostomy protocol. RESULTS: Compared with previous guidelines, our protocol consisted of enhanced PPE, simplified procedures (no limitation in the use of electrocautery and wound suction, no stay suture, and delayed cannula change) and a validated screening strategy for healthcare workers. Our protocol allowed for all associated healthcare workers to continue their routine clinical work and daily life. It guaranteed safe return to general patient care without any related complications or nosocomial transmission during the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks. CONCLUSION: Our protocol and experience with tracheostomies for MERS and COVID-19 may be helpful to other healthcare workers in building an institutional protocol optimized for their own COVID-19 situation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1368837520302979 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104861 id: cord-028624-dzx62k23 author: Yong, Celina M. title: Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors date: 2020-07-14 words: 193.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028624-dzx62k23.txt summary: key: cord-028624-dzx62k23 title: Picking Up the Torch: Our Mission as the New FIT & EC Section Editors cord_uid: dzx62k23 The editorial process for the FIT & EC page involves a personal review from each of us, followed by a joint discussion about each submission to provide a collaborative decision and feedback. Complex, higher-risk, and indicated PCI (CHIP) fellowship: putting training into practice Cardiac critical care: training pathways and transition to early career The emergence of sports cardiology as a specialty Surgical training in an era of change and innovation: transition within a transition Call for FITs/ECs to become engaged with social media Preparing fellows for precision cardiology: are we ready? Finding mentorship among your peers: sharing the wealth Mentorship during fellowship Women in cardiology: fellows'' perspective Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a disruptive technology in graduate medical education Adapting the educational environment for cardiovascular fellows-in-training during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7338029/ doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.020 id: cord-267476-j59tm40d author: Yong, Sarah Ee Fang title: Connecting clusters of COVID-19: an epidemiological and serological investigation date: 2020-04-21 words: 3562.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267476-j59tm40d.txt summary: We describe an epidemiological investigation that, with use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological assays, established links between three clusters of COVID-19. When epidemiological information suggested that people might have been nodes of disease transmission but had recovered from illness, SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology testing was used to establish past infection. Serological testing had a crucial role in establishing a link between clusters, showing its use in identifying convalescent COVID-19 cases and supporting epidemiological investigations. In our epidemiological investigation, we used RT-PCR and serological testing to diagnose cases of COVID-19 and establish links between clusters. This investigation shows how SARS-CoV-2 serological analysis (ELISA detecting IgG and VNT detecting neutralising antibodies), in addition to use of traditional epidemiological methods, was important in establishing links among locally transmitted COVID-19 cases and tracing the transmission chain to an imported source. abstract: BACKGROUND: Elucidation of the chain of disease transmission and identification of the source of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are crucial for effective disease containment. We describe an epidemiological investigation that, with use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological assays, established links between three clusters of COVID-19. METHODS: In Singapore, active case-finding and contact tracing were undertaken for all COVID-19 cases. Diagnosis for acute disease was confirmed with RT-PCR testing. When epidemiological information suggested that people might have been nodes of disease transmission but had recovered from illness, SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology testing was used to establish past infection. FINDINGS: Three clusters of COVID-19, comprising 28 locally transmitted cases, were identified in Singapore; these clusters were from two churches (Church A and Church B) and a family gathering. The clusters in Church A and Church B were linked by an individual from Church A (A2), who transmitted SARS-CoV-2 infection to the primary case from Church B (F1) at a family gathering they both attended on Jan 25, 2020. All cases were confirmed by RT-PCR testing because they had active disease, except for A2, who at the time of testing had recovered from their illness and tested negative. This individual was eventually diagnosed with past infection by serological testing. ELISA assays showed an optical density of more than 1·4 for SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein and receptor binding domain antigens in titres up to 1/400, and viral neutralisation was noted in titres up to 1/320. INTERPRETATION: Development and application of a serological assay has helped to establish connections between COVID-19 clusters in Singapore. Serological testing can have a crucial role in identifying convalescent cases or people with milder disease who might have been missed by other surveillance methods. FUNDING: National Research Foundation (Singapore), National Natural Science Foundation (China), and National Medical Research Council (Singapore). url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30273-5 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30273-5 id: cord-304101-b9na3yf6 author: Yong, Suh Kuan title: Molecular Targets for the Testing of COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-18 words: 1777.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304101-b9na3yf6.txt summary: This diagnostic panel is working with Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast DX Real-Time PCR Instrument with SDS 1.4 software; 2) "New coronavirus nucleic acid assay" which targeted on ORF1ab and N genes was developed by Chinese National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention; 3) Molecular test kits from four companies such as Seegene Inc., Kogene Biotech Co. Ltd., Sd Biosensor Inc., and Solgent Co. were approved by Ministry Food and Drug Safety and Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which are now widely being used in South Korea. A probe, usually a specific antibody, is needed before a successful viral protein detection method can be developed. As aforementioned, the serology testing of COVID-19 is not targeting the virus itself but the antibodies such as immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) induced following viral infection. Serology testings targeting on viral-induced antibodies are given different information as those for viral RNA and proteins from SARS-CoV-2. abstract: The pandemic outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), spread all over the world in a short period of time. Efficient identification of the infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 has been one of the most important tasks to facilitate all the following counter measurements in dealing with the infectious disease. In Taiwan, a COVID‐19 Open Science Platform adheres to the spirit of open science: sharing sources, data, and methods to promote progress in academic research while corroborating findings from various disciplines has established in mid‐February 2020, for collaborative research in support of the development of detection methods, therapeutics, and a vaccine for COVID‐19. Research priorities include infection control, epidemiology, clinical characterization and management, detection methods (including viral RNA detection, viral antigen detection, and serum antibody detection), therapeutics (neutralizing antibody and small molecule drugs), vaccines, and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis. In addition, research on social ethics and the law are included to take full account of the impact of the COVID‐19 virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.202000152 doi: 10.1002/biot.202000152 id: cord-304550-6j1pb1pu author: Yongchen, Zhang title: Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients date: 2020-05-02 words: 2032.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304550-6j1pb1pu.txt summary: Here, we conducted a serial investigation on 21 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two medical centres from Jiangsu Province, including 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients, and 5 severe COVID-19 patients and 5 asymptomatic carriers based on nucleic acid test and clinical symptoms. In this respective study, we serially analysed the virus RNA test results in swab samples, along with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG responses among 21 COVID-19 patients at the Second Hospital of Nanjing and the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University in Jiangsu Province, China. Our serial SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing identified a prolonged viral shedding for asymptomatic cases compared to COVID-19 patients, suggesting the importance of early identification and timely quarantine for these asymptomatic carriers. It is possible that significantly high level of SARS-CoV-2 viral load observed in severe cases [8, 9] drives an early antibody response produced by immediate activation of extrafollicular B cells during acute infection [10, 11] . abstract: Effective strategy to mitigate the ongoing pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) require a comprehensive understanding of humoral responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the emerging virus causing COVID-19. The dynamic profile of viral replication and shedding along with viral antigen specific antibody responses among COVID-19 patients started to be reported but there is no consensus on their patterns. Here, we conducted a serial investigation on 21 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two medical centres from Jiangsu Province, including 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients, and 5 severe COVID-19 patients and 5 asymptomatic carriers based on nucleic acid test and clinical symptoms. The longitudinal swab samples and sera were collected from these people for viral RNA testing and antibody responses, respectively. Our data revealed different pattern of seroconversion among these groups. All 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients and 5 severe COVID-19 patients were seroconverted during hospitalization or follow-up period, suggesting that serological testing is a complementary assay to nucleic acid test for those symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Of note, immediate antibody responses were identified among severe cases, compared to non-severe cases. On the other hand, only one were seroconverted for asymptomatic carriers. The SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses were well-maintained during the observation period. Such information is of immediate relevance and would assist COVID-19 clinical diagnosis, prognosis and vaccine design. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1756699 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1756699 id: cord-302252-3hgy4msc author: Yoon, Soon Ho title: Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea date: 2020-02-26 words: 2616.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302252-3hgy4msc.txt summary: title: Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea OBJECTIVE: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. Early radiologic investigations consistently reported that the typical computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID-19 pneumonia were bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation with a peripheral and posterior lung distribution (4) (5) (6) . The proportion of patients with abnormal initial radiographic findings was 78.3-82.4% in SARS (15, 16) and 83.6% in MERS (17), but only 33% in our cases of COVID-19 pneumonia. In conclusion, COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea generally manifested as pure GGO to mixed GGO and consolidative lesions in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. RESULTS: Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32100485/ doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0132 id: cord-278850-q5eg1uhl author: Yoshida, Shuntaro title: Real-world clinical data of endoscopy-based cancer detection during the emergency declaration for COVID-19 in Japan date: 2020-10-16 words: 1089.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278850-q5eg1uhl.txt summary: Therefore, we examined the significance of endoscopy based on the recommendation of Asian-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy and Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the details of gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the declaration of emergency in Japan. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. abstract: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is widespread throughout the world, causing serious damage to healthcare systems. Therefore, we examined the significance of endoscopy based on the recommendation of Asian-Pacific Society for Digestive Endoscopy and Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society during the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the details of gastrointestinal endoscopy performed during the declaration of emergency in Japan. We have continued performing gastrointestinal endoscopy at an outpatient clinic that specialized in endoscopic medical care in Tokyo, Japan. During the emergency declaration period, 544 patients underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy. As a control, we investigated 1327 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy during the same period in 2019. Although the total number of endoscopies during the emergency declaration was halved, the advanced cancer detection rate during the emergency declaration was significantly higher than that in 2019 (P = 0.04). Additionally, no COVID-19 infection was observed in healthcare workers, staff, or patients during this period. It is possible that an outpatient endoscopy units can contribute to the detection of advanced cancer, while the hospital in charge for patients with COVID-19 infection could not perform endoscopy during the declaration of emergency. url: https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.401 doi: 10.4253/wjge.v12.i10.401 id: cord-279735-3sq7m3qw author: Yoshihiro, Noda title: Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19''s ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World date: 2020-06-22 words: 931.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279735-3sq7m3qw.txt summary: title: Socioeconomical Transformation and Mental Health Impact by the COVID-19''s ultimate VUCA Era: Toward the New Normal, the New Japan, and the New World distance and remote work are recommended to prevent the spread of COVID-19; however, such public health policies will consequently promote the rapid digitalization of social infrastructure. Furthermore, the digitalization of the social environment is not only related to the mental health domain, but also to the question of existential readiness in how people adapt to the New Normal (Miao and Cao, 2019) . Specifically, a certain number of people may have mental health problems due to the "techno-stress" (La Torre et al., 2019) associated with the rapid changes in social systems in the process of digitization of the social infrastructure. Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32652489/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102262 id: cord-302659-2hyiz5dr author: Young, H. A. title: Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 date: 2020-09-26 words: 375.0 sentences: 24.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302659-2hyiz5dr.txt summary: title: Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 The purpose was to determine if counties with higher proportions of population employed in meat processing had higher incidence of COVID-19 infection after accounting for other population level risk factors. Poisson regression generated incidence rate ratios (IRR) to model the association between proportion employed in meat processing and the incidence of COVID-19 while controlling for other factors. Results: Counties with higher proportion of employment in meat processing facilities had significantly higher incidence of COVID-19 (IRR ¼ 1.77; 95% CI: 1.76-1.78) after adjusting for other county level variables. Controlling for differences between states resulted in a significantly higher rate of COVID-19 in counties with higher proportions employed in meat processing facilities (IRR ¼ 1.25; 95% CI: 1.24-1.26). Conclusions: After accounting for state differences and other county level factors, higher levels of employment in meat processing facilities increased the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Meat Processing Facilities and County Level Risk Factors for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047279720303276 doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.046 id: cord-338438-q5fis2v8 author: Young, Sean D. title: Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 1442.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338438-q5fis2v8.txt summary: In this Note, we describe considerations for integrating technologies, such as telemedicine; social media, mobile applications (apps), and chatbots; and biosensors/wearables into clinical HIV care delivery and research, as well as case examples of current uses of these technologies in adapting to the changing clinical and research needs among populations at risk for and/living with HIV as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media, chatbots, and mobile apps have been studied across a number of clinical and public health settings, including patient outreach, screening and monitoring; intervention delivery; remote vital sign assessment; as well for providing treatment recommendations and retaining patients in care. COVID-19 will continue to impact the way that technologies are integrated into HIV clinical care and research long after the removal of social distancing policies, making it important to begin investing in the knowledge, infrastructure, and implementation of these technologies now to be prepared for the future. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32440971/ doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02924-z id: cord-352256-qxdakdk0 author: Yousefi, Bahman title: A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID‐19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 4017.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352256-qxdakdk0.txt summary: Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019‐nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS‐CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID‐19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS‐CoV. Chloroquine inhibits SARS-CoV entry, which exerts its inhibitory effect by altering glycosylation of the ACE2 receptor and spike protein. | 5 in a MERS-CoV rhesus macaque model were promising, with the results of the trial and the effect of ribavirin and IFN (either α2a or β1) on MERS-CoV infected patients it was different, however, ribavirin lowers hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients and therefore reduces its potential as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 (Arabi et al., 2017; Falzarano et al., 2013) . abstract: In late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and Influenza virus. In this article, we have tried to reach a therapeutic window of drugs available to patients with COVID‐19. Cathepsin L is required for entry of the 2019‐nCoV virus into the cell as target teicoplanin inhibits virus replication. Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme 2 (ACE2) in soluble form as a recombinant protein can prevent the spread of coronavirus by restricting binding and entry. In patients with COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine decreases the inflammatory response and cytokine storm, but overdose causes toxicity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019‐nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS‐CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID‐19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS‐CoV. Ribavirin reduces hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients, and remdesivir improves respiratory symptoms. Use of ribavirin in combination with LPV/r in patients with SARS‐CoV reduces acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality, which has a significant protective effect with the addition of corticosteroids. Favipiravir increases clinical recovery and reduces respiratory problems and has a stronger antiviral effect than LPV/r. currently, appropriate treatment for patients with COVID‐19 is an ACE2 inhibitor and a clinical problem reducing agent such as favipiravir in addition to hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29785 doi: 10.1002/jcp.29785 id: cord-344503-gw5d721n author: Yousefzadegan, Sedigheh title: Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers date: 2020-04-10 words: 957.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344503-gw5d721n.txt summary: We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in three brothers in Iran. We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease in three brothers in Iran. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Although most critically ill COVID-19 patients are either elderly or have underlying medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cancer, some previously healthy and even relatively young individuals have died from COVID-19. abstract: We report fatal cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in three brothers in Iran. An increased susceptibility to specific pathogens has been reported for a number of genetic defects. Considering the fact that most of them who are affected by COVID-19 recover, deaths in three brothers who lived separately and had no known underlying disease suggest genetic predisposition to COVID-19 in some individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0240 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0240 id: cord-303667-z3tmy8hw author: Yousefzai, Rayan title: Misdiagnosis in the COVID era: When Zebras are Everywhere, Don’t Forget the Horses date: 2020-04-27 words: 1093.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303667-z3tmy8hw.txt summary: Abbreviation: ECG = Electrocardiogram ECHO = Echocardiogram STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction ARDS = Acute respiratory distress syndrome LV = left ventricle RV = right ventricle LAD = left anterior descending artery LCX = left circumflex artery RCA = right coronary artery ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Abstract: We report a patient who presented with respiratory failure, chest pain, and fever. For example, in the case of the patient that we presented, before the COVID era, most likely, he would have been referred for a further evaluation immediately. Even in the case of the patients who are already admitted to the hospital, when the suspicious for COVID is raised, it can affect the care either by distracting from other diagnoses or delaying the procedures to avoid the exposure. COVID-19 patients can present with cardiovascular manifestations. Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic abstract: Abstract We report a patient who presented with respiratory failure, chest pain, and fever. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, the focus was diverted to the coronavirus infection, and STEMI was missed. Even though we need to be vigilant in the diagnosis of COVID-19, we should not forget about the common pathologies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666084920303806?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.018 id: cord-260993-udajtsmm author: Youssef, Mohanad title: COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-23 words: 2056.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt summary: Meta-regression analysis was employed using OpenMeta Analyst software, taking into consideration the following study characteristics; sample size, mean age of patients, percentage of males, city of the hospital, publication date, and quality score. We applied TSA on mortality rate available among all eligible articles of COVID-19 patients with a mild and severe exhibition and indicated that the cumulative Z-curve transverses the monitoring boundaries before reaching the required sample size and achieving considerable significant and so no further studies are necessary (Figure 2 ). Our meta-analysis including 3428 subjects from 20 retrospective studies explored the potential relationship between liver injury and the severity of COVID-19 disease. 32 A recent study reported that the liver injury observed in COVID-19 patients might be caused by lopinavir, which is used as an antiviral for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively analyzed liver dysfunction in accordance with the severity of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the most significant global health crisis. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID‐19 disease. METHODS: Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct, were searched to detect relevant publications up to April 16, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity between studies, a fixed‐ or random‐effects model was applied to pool data. Publication bias Egger's test was also performed. RESULTS: Meta‐analysis of 20 retrospective studies (3428 patients), identified that patients with a severe manifestation of COVID‐19 exhibited significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values with prolonged prothrombin time. Furthermore, lower albumin level was associated with a severe presentation of COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Liver dysfunction was associated with a severe outcome of COVID‐19 disease. Close monitoring of the occurrence of liver dysfunction is beneficial in early warning of unfavorable outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445489/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26055 id: cord-349095-fnlgm4dv author: Youssef, Sofian title: First impressions of the foundation interim year 1 postings: positives, pitfalls, and perils date: 2020-06-25 words: 1011.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349095-fnlgm4dv.txt summary: Changes were made to expand patient capacity including hospital restructuring, cancellation of most elective surgeries and early graduation of final year medical students.(1) The UK foundation programme (UKFP) curated a new training position for graduates as foundation interim year 1 (FiY1) doctors, where they voluntarily work in paid positions prior to entering formal foundation year 1 (FY1) roles.(2) Expediting the process of fulfilling these positions, the General Medical Council facilitated early provisional registration of doctors. We discuss the positives, pitfalls, and perils of the new roles and the first impressions of three newly qualified FiY1 s in medical, obstetrics and gynaecology and surgical posts, a surgical FY1 doctor and a clinical supervisor in surgery. From the perspective of a surgical FY1 doctor working on a ward with an FiY1, the role of an interim F1 is much the same to that of a final year medical student with additional benefits of being able to prescribe, request investigations and complete medical documentation. abstract: COVID-19 has placed an increased burden on the NHS. Changes were made to expand patient capacity including hospital restructuring, cancellation of most elective surgeries and early graduation of final year medical students.(1) The UK foundation programme (UKFP) curated a new training position for graduates as foundation interim year 1 (FiY1) doctors, where they voluntarily work in paid positions prior to entering formal foundation year 1 (FY1) roles.(2) Expediting the process of fulfilling these positions, the General Medical Council facilitated early provisional registration of doctors. We discuss the positives, pitfalls, and perils of the new roles and the first impressions of three newly qualified FiY1 s in medical, obstetrics and gynaecology and surgical posts, a surgical FY1 doctor and a clinical supervisor in surgery. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32584167/ doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1785116 id: cord-294350-6veeygzp author: Yu, Caizheng title: Clinical Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Predicting COVID-19 Mortality Risk: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-27 words: 3279.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294350-6veeygzp.txt summary: Conclusions The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. In this study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China conducted between mid-January to late March 2020, the authors found patients who were male, elderly (>65 years), and had a history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased PCT tended to have higher odds of mortality. After further adjustment for potential confounders, significant independent associations were observed between older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased PCT and higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. abstract: Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious global pandemic. This study investigates the clinical characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 mortality, and establishes a novel scoring system to predict mortality risk in COVID-19 patients. Methods A cohort of 1,663 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, of whom 212 died and 1,252 recovered, were included in the present study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on admission were collected from electronic medical records between January 14, 2020, and February 28, 2020. Clinical outcomes were collected until March 26, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between potential risk factors and COVID-19 mortality. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict COVID-19 mortality risk. All analyses were conducted in April 2020. Results Multivariable regression showed increased odds of COVID-19 mortality associated with older age (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.35, 3.43), male sex (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.29, 2.99), history of diabetes (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.45, 3.76), lymphopenia (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.03, 2.46), and increased procalcitonin (OR=3.91, 95% CI=2.22, 6.91, per SD increase) on admission. Spline regression analysis indicated that the correlation between procalcitonin levels and COVID-19 mortality was nonlinear (p=0.0004 for nonlinearity). The area under the receiver operating curve of the COVID-19 mortality risk was 0.765 (95% CI=0.725, 0.805). Conclusions The independent risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male sex, history of diabetes, lymphopenia, and increased procalcitonin, which could help clinicians to identify COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis at an earlier stage. The COVID-19 mortality risk score model may assist clinicians in reducing COVID-19-related mortality by implementing better strategies for more effective use of limited medical resources. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S074937972030218X doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.002 id: cord-256752-x7h4tix2 author: Yu, Hua title: Coping style, social support and psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 5757.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256752-x7h4tix2.txt summary: We hypothesized that an active coping style and social support were protective factors against psychological distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Differences in demographic characteristics between respondents with high or low psychological distress in non-suspected cases were assessed for significance using the independent two-samples t test, in the case of age and family income coefficient; or the chi-squared test, in the case of sex, marital status, education level, residence location, presence of COVID-19 in the respondent''s community, time spent per day searching for information about COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 3 ). Among those without suspected infection, factors significantly associated with high psychological distress were unmarried status, spending > 6 h per day searching for information about COVID-19, a passive coping style and lower social support. abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological status of the general population in mainland China during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to explore the factors influencing psychological distress, in order to provide the basis for further psychological intervention programs. METHODS: We administered three questionnaires on-line to a convenience sample of the general population from different regions of mainland China from February 1 to February 4, 2020. We used the Mandarin versions of the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K6), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). We also collected demographic data and other information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing psychological distress. RESULTS: Of 1607 respondents, 1588 returned valid questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Nearly one quarter (22.8%) had high levels of psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13). Individuals with higher psychological distress were more likely to be unmarried, spend more than 6 h per day searching for information about COVID-19, more frequently adopt a passive coping style, and report less social support than those with lower psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 outbreak in China has a great impact on the mental health status of the general population. Active coping strategies and increased social support are significantly correlated with decreased psychological distress, and may serve as the basis for psychological interventions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854656/ doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02826-3 id: cord-338359-pd4bfjet author: Yu, J. title: Risk assessment of admission procedures for cancer patients during the convalescence of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 words: 1094.0 sentences: 74.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338359-pd4bfjet.txt summary: Conclusions: Unbiased proteomic profiling of COVID-19 patient serum identified a panel of candidate protein biomarkers that associate with tocilizumab treatment response as well as the ensuing course of the disease. Background: There are limited data on cancer patients (pts) and the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) respiratory disease (COVID-19). We aim to evaluate the frequency of ILI in cancer pts during the pandemic, and to identify high-risk subjects to test for COVID-19. Results: Overall, 562 pts were enrolled: 13 (2%) pts had a positive SARS-CoV2 swab, none of which performed on the basis of triage procedures or questionnaires, rather detected through telephone communications and triage; 52 (9%) pts reported suspect symptoms and/or laboratory tests. The incidence of both COVID-19 diagnosis (2%), and SARS-CoV2 Ab positivity in pts tested on the basis of suspect symptoms (<1%), were similar to those observed in the general population. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923753420417557 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1759 id: cord-263613-gh9zm05u author: Yu, Jingjing title: Impact of citywide COVID‐19 testing on people’s behaviour in seeking for dental services in Wuhan date: 2020-08-16 words: 1208.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263613-gh9zm05u.txt summary: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patient attendance at WHUSS before and after citywide COVID-19 testing, including the headquarter and 14 satellite clinics of the hospital located in Wuhan. This study presented meaningful insights into the differences in patient attendance at WHUSS before and after the citywide rapid COVID-19 testing campaign in Wuhan. People''s fear of COVID-19, because of its novel and rapid transmission, made them reluctant to go to medical and dental hospitals (Guo, Zhou, Liu & Tan, 2020) , and the citywide COVID-19 testing campaign in Wuhan showing only 300 asymptomatic infected persons seemed to restore the confidence of patients in seeking for dental services. All rights reserved study, the patient attendance in the Department of Implant and the Department of Orthodontics has almost reached the same levels compared with those of previous year at 98.80% and 80.44%, respectively, after citywide COVID-19 testing, which reflected the people''s demands for dental health care services of non-urgent reasons during the post-COVID-19 era. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13613 doi: 10.1111/odi.13613 id: cord-283464-v4x0gaqc author: Yu, Kimberley title: Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-06 words: 497.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283464-v4x0gaqc.txt summary: title: Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19''s mode of transmission and symptoms have important implications for the field of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery. These include the importance of airway management and respiratory droplet precautions during otorhinolaryngology, head and neck procedures. We include publications by several authors from Wuhan, China, where the unique symptoms and management needs for COVID-19 were first reported, as well as the U.S., where the outbreak is still actively ongoing and where the largest number of cases have been confirmed. The SARS-CoV-2 virus poses several hazards for the practice of otorhinolaryngology due to its droplet-based mode of transmission. Three groups from the major medical centers in Wuhan, China, report on their methods to prevent COVID-19 transmission in the department of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery during the early outbreak of the pandemic. Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic Otorhinolaryngology, head and surgery practice during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2020.06.001 id: cord-024956-oht0v33s author: Yu, Minhua title: Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease date: 2020-04-23 words: 2496.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024956-oht0v33s.txt summary: title: Thin-section Chest CT Imaging of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Comparison Between Patients with Mild and Severe Disease The purpose was to compare radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia on thin-section CT upon admission between patients with mild and severe disease. Thus, the purpose of our current study was to compare radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia on thin-section CT between patients with mild and severe disease. We studied the findings on chest CT at hospital presentation in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, focusing our comparisons between the patients with mild and severe disease. As for characteristics in CT images, COVID-19 pneumonia seems to be more extensive in the severe form of disease, involving a larger number of lung segments. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in wuhan, china abstract: PURPOSE: Although CT imaging features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia have already been published in the literature, there was little attention to distinctive imaging features encountered between patients with mild and severe forms of the disease. The purpose was to compare radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia on thin-section CT upon admission between patients with mild and severe disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 20 and January 27, 2020 were enrolled. Based on the World Health Organization guidelines, 50 patients were categorized with mild form and 20 with severe form based on clinical conditions. Imaging features, clinical, and laboratory data were reviewed and compared. RESULTS: Patients with severe form (median age, 65.00; IQR: 54.75-75.00) were older than those with mild form of disease (median age, 42.5; IQR: 32.75-58.50) (P<0.001). Patients with severe form of disease had more lung segments involved (median number of segments: 7.5 vs. 17.5, P=<0.001) and also larger opacities (median number of segments with opacities measuring 3 cm to less than 50% of the lung segment: 5.5 vs. 2.0, P=0.006; ≥ 50% of lung segment: 7.5 vs. 0.0, P<0.001). They also had more interlobular septal thickening (75% vs. 28%, P<0.001), higher prevalence of air bronchograms (70% vs. 32%, P=0.004), and pleural effusions (40% vs 14%, P=0.017). CONCLUSION: Ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation in a peripheral and basilar predominant distribution were the most common findings in COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients with severe form of the disease had more extensive opacification of the lung parenchyma than did patients with mild disease. Interlobular septal thickening, air bronchograms, and pleural effusions were also more prevalent in severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233444/ doi: 10.1148/ryct.2020200126 id: cord-354223-0ckpz0bx author: Yu, Pengming title: Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks date: 2020-04-13 words: 1663.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354223-0ckpz0bx.txt summary: 1 One recent study reported that of the 52 COVID-19 patients who were critically ill, 61.5% died within 28 days and 71% required mechanical ventilation. The main goal of early rehabilitation is minimizing the adverse effects of critically ill with COVID-19 on the respiratory system, restoring respiratory and physical independence, preventing the need for subsequent dependence on mechanical ventilation and subsequent hospitalizations and improving patient''s quality of life. As of April 4, there is no report on early rehabilitation of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the world. Secondly our experience at West China Hospital, where early rehabilitation intervention was introduced for critically ill patients with COVID-19, has been very positive. We believe that it is safe and effective to carry out early rehabilitation intervention for critical ill patients of COVID-19 with the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams. Early rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-2019 will give more benefits than risks. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437114/ doi: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001445 id: cord-295140-4gdlbc45 author: Yu, Pey‐Jen title: Hypermetabolism and COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-19 words: 964.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295140-4gdlbc45.txt summary: METHOD: Resting energy expenditure (REE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured by indirect calorimetry on seven critically ill patients with COVID‐19. As Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is associated with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induction of a hypermetabolic state, 2 we hypothesize that patients with COVID-19 may develop a hypermetabolic state which may be a major contributing factor to the extraordinary ventilatory and oxygenation demands in patients with COVID-19. 2, 3 The profoundly increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production seen in our patient cohort as a result of their hypermetabolism may help explain the high failure rates for mechanical ventilation for patients with severe COVID-19. 6 We are currently involved in studies looking at the ideal target calories relative to the REE measured from indirect calorimetry in critically ill patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypermetabolism has been described in stress states such as trauma, sepsis, ARDS, and severe burn injuries. We hypothesize that patients with COVID‐19 may develop a hypermetabolic state which may be a major contributing factor to the extraordinary ventilatory and oxygenation demands in patients with COVID‐19. METHOD: Resting energy expenditure (REE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured by indirect calorimetry on seven critically ill patients with COVID‐19. RESULTS: The median measured REE was 4044 Kcal/day which was 235.7% ± 51.7% of predicted. The median VCO2 was 452 mL/min (range 295–582 mL/min) and the median VO2 was 585 mL/min (range 416–798 mL/min). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients with COVID‐19 are in an extreme hypermetabolic state. This may explain the high failure rates for mechanical ventilation for these patients and highlights the potential need for increased nutritional requirements for such patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559309/ doi: 10.1002/jpen.1948 id: cord-285414-vd2d7db2 author: Yu, Qian title: Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-27 words: 3080.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285414-vd2d7db2.txt summary: title: Multicenter cohort study demonstrates more consolidation in upper lungs on initial CT increases the risk of adverse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients In this study, we aimed to assess the imaging characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse composite endpoints in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this study, we aimed to report the quantitative imaging characteristics and risk factors for adverse composite endpoints, including admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure occurrence, and shock during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Jiangsu province, China. In this retrospective, cohort, and AI-assisted study, we reported the imaging risk factors associated with adverse clinical composite endpoints, including admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure, and shock during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Jiangsu province, China. Our study of 421 COVID-19 patients suggested an increased pulmonary lesion in bilateral upper lungs were independent risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes, which as far as we know, has not been reported. abstract: Rationale: Chest computed tomography (CT) has been used for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) monitoring. However, the imaging risk factors for poor clinical outcomes remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to assess the imaging characteristics and risk factors associated with adverse composite endpoints in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 24 designated hospitals in Jiangsu province, China, between 10 January and 18 February 2020. Clinical and initial CT findings at admission were extracted from medical records. Patients aged < 18 years or without available clinical or CT records were excluded. The composite endpoints were admission to ICU, acute respiratory failure occurrence, or shock during hospitalization. The volume, density, and location of lesions, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation, were quantitatively analyzed in each patient. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors among age and CT parameters associated with the composite endpoints. Results: In this study, 625 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled; among them, 179 patients without an initial CT at admission and 25 patients aged < 18 years old were excluded and 421 patients were included in analysis. The median age was 48.0 years and the male proportion was 53% (224/421). During the follow-up period, 64 (15%) patients had a composite endpoint. There was an association of older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.06; P = 0.003), larger consolidation lesions in the upper lung (Right: OR, 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.25, P =0.01; Left: OR,1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.32; P = 0.04) with increased odds of adverse endpoints. Conclusion: There was an association of older age and larger consolidation in upper lungs on admission with higher odds of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.46465 doi: 10.7150/thno.46465 id: cord-323981-jo2n51mi author: Yu, Wei title: ACE2 contributes to the maintenance of mouse epithelial barrier function date: 2020-10-21 words: 2936.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323981-jo2n51mi.txt summary: ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut, but its role has not been fully understood and thus COVID-19 treatments intending to downregulate ACE2 level may cause untoward side effects. For immunofluorescence, gut tissue slides or intestine organoids were blocked with 3% BSA, 0.2% TWEEN 20 in PBS, and incubated with primary antibodies (1:100 dilution) (MUC2 Monoclonal Antibody, KI-67 Antibody, LGR5 Monoclonal Antibody, Alexa Fluor™ 488 Phalloidin, MitoSOX™ Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator). Ace2 deficiency led to an increased FITC fluorescence in organoids, suggesting that ACE2 contributes to intestinal barrier function (Fig. 2E) . reported that ace2 deficiency causes a high risk of colitis due to hampered immune cell trafficking as well as alterations of gut microbiota [19] . We herein observed a markedly higher intracellular calcium concentration and ROS level in ace2 À/À intestinal organoids. In conclusion, neither ACE2 downregulation nor ACEI is the ideal treatment for COVID-19 patients with gut diseases, and combination therapy of ACEI and calcium blocker merits further investigation. abstract: The whole world was hit hard by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Given that angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the viral entry molecule, understanding ACE2 has become a major focus of current COVID-19 research. ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut, but its role has not been fully understood and thus COVID-19 treatments intending to downregulate ACE2 level may cause untoward side effects. Gaining insight into the functions of ACE2 in gut homeostasis therefore merits closer examination, and is beneficial to find potential therapeutic alternatives for COVID-19. Methods: We took advantage of Ace2 knockout out mice and isolated intestinal organoids to examine the role of ACE2 in intestinal stemness. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model was established by 4% dextran sodium sulfate. LGR5 and KI67 levels were quantitated to reflect the virtue of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). FITC-dextran 4 (FD-4) assay was used to assess intestinal barrier function. Results: Western blotting identified the expression of ACE2 in colon, which was consistent with the results of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Moreover, Ace2(−/−) organoids showed decreased LRG5 and KI67 levels, and elevated calcium concentration. Furthermore, the permeability of ace2(−/−) organoids was markedly increased compared with ace2(+/+) organoids. Collectively, ace2(−/−) mice were more susceptible than ace2(+/+) mice to IBD, including earlier bloody stool, undermined intestinal architecture and more pronounced weight loss. Conclusions: Our data reveal that ACE2 contributes to the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and hence orchestrates the mucosal homeostasis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.002 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.002 id: cord-295603-mk9oartb author: Yu, Xiaoqi title: Retrospective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness date: 2020-07-05 words: 1991.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295603-mk9oartb.txt summary: However, it is unclear whether there has been cryptic transmission before these early officially confirmed cases, we therefore retrospectively screened for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1271 nasopharyngeal swab samples, as well as the prevalence of IgM, IgG, and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 357 matched serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness between 1 December 2018 and 31 March 2020 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Additionally, among 6662 patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2017 to 31 March 2020, the overall number of patients positive for influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 period decreased significantly when compared with that in the same period of the last two years, reflecting that public health interventions can effectively control the spread of common respiratory viruses. The nasopharyngeal swab samples for this study were collected from 1271 hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2018 to 31 March 2020 in Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China). abstract: Since the first report of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late December 2019, the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now widely spread to more than 187 countries and regions. However, it is unclear whether there has been cryptic transmission before these early officially confirmed cases, we therefore retrospectively screened for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1271 nasopharyngeal swab samples, as well as the prevalence of IgM, IgG, and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 357 matched serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness between 1 December 2018 and 31 March 2020 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The onset date of the earliest COVID-19 case in this study was 25 January 2020. Before this time point, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was not observed, which limited the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 has already spread among the population before the large-scale outbreak. Additionally, among 6662 patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2017 to 31 March 2020, the overall number of patients positive for influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 period decreased significantly when compared with that in the same period of the last two years, reflecting that public health interventions can effectively control the spread of common respiratory viruses. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1785952 doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785952 id: cord-341187-jqesw4e8 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts date: 2020-08-27 words: 3797.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341187-jqesw4e8.txt summary: title: Modeling Return of the Epidemic: Impact of Population Structure, Asymptomatic Infection, Case Importation and Personal Contacts J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 7 We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Methods: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. Epidemic model simulation has been used extensively to estimate essential epidemic parameters, In this study, we will build a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model [27] to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the impact of population structure, asymptomatic cases, case importation, and the number of contacts on the epidemic progression. abstract: BACKGROUND: Proactive interventions have halted the pandemic of coronavirus infected disease in some regions. However, without reaching herd immunity, the return of epidemic is possible. We investigate the impact of population structure, case importation, asymptomatic cases, and the number of contacts on a possible second wave of epidemic through mathematical modelling. METHODS: we built a modified Susceptible-exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model with parameters mirroring those of the COVID-19 pandemic and reported simulated characteristics of epidemics for incidence, hospitalizations and deaths under different scenarios. RESULTS: A larger percent of elderly people leads to higher number of hospitalizations, while a large percent of prior infection will effectively curb the epidemic. The number of imported cases and the speed of importation have small impact on the epidemic progression. However, a higher percent of asymptomatic cases slows the epidemic down and reduces the number of hospitalizations and deaths at the epidemic peak. Finally, reducing the number of contacts among young people alone has moderate effects on themselves, but little effects on the elderly population. However, reducing the number of contacts among elderly people alone can mitigate the epidemic significantly in both age groups, even though young people remain active within themselves. CONCLUSION: Reducing the number of contacts among high risk populations alone can mitigate the burden of epidemic in the whole society. Interventions targeting high risk groups may be more effective in containing or mitigating the epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101858 id: cord-347349-caz5fwl1 author: Yu, Xinhua title: Distinctive trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic by age and gender: a retrospective modeling of the epidemic in South Korea date: 2020-07-02 words: 3800.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347349-caz5fwl1.txt summary: METHODS: Using publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. In addition to identifying the best fit of the epidemic process, we explore gender-and age group-specific trajectories of COVID-19 to facilitate our understanding of the disease and its impact on different populations, and inform the potential and severity of COVID-19 rebound. In this study, we demonstrated different trajectories of COVID-19 epidemic between gender and age groups based on South Korea data. In summary, in South Korea, and likely in other countries, COVID-19 epidemic processes had distinctive dynamic patterns among age and gender groups. Risk interactions of coronavirus infection across age groups after the peak of COVID-19 epidemic medRxiv:2020 abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elderly people had suffered disproportional burden of COVID-19. We hypothesized that males and females in different age groups might have different epidemic trajectories. METHODS: Using publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Epidemic dynamics by age and gender groups were explored with interactions between smoothed time terms and age and gender. RESULTS: A negative binomial distribution fitted the daily case counts best. Interaction between the dynamic patterns of daily new cases and age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001), but not with gender group. People aged 20-39 years led the epidemic processes in the society with two peaks: one major peak around March 1 and a smaller peak around April 7, 2020. The epidemic process among people aged 60 or above was trailing behind that of younger people with smaller magnitude. After March 15, there was a consistent decline of daily new cases among elderly people, despite large fluctuations of case counts among young adults. CONCLUSIONS: Although young people drove the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole society with multiple rebounds, elderly people could still be protected from virus infection after the peak of epidemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220305361?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.101 id: cord-275531-88iqxzqc author: Yu, Xinyu title: Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-10 words: 569.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275531-88iqxzqc.txt summary: title: Management of acute aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from an epicenter in Wuhan, China During the subsequent 3 months, more than 50,000 cases of COVID-19 had emerged in Wuhan alone, which had a substantial effect on the clinical management of some life-threatening emergencies, such as acute aortic dissection, because of the following challenges. 3 Hence, patients with acute aortic dissection could potentially be carriers of SARS-Cov-2 (the pathogen of COVID-19) and might cause a spread of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Thus, the remaining medical resources for treating other diseases (including acute aortic dissection) were rather limited in the particular circumstances in Wuhan during the pandemic period. Coping with these challenges, our team successfully performed surgery to treat four patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32402707/ doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.478 id: cord-282058-it0ojdk3 author: Yu, Yuanqiang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review date: 2020-05-15 words: 7461.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282058-it0ojdk3.txt summary: References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published from January 1, 2003, to May 1, 2020, by use of the terms "coronavirus, " "neonate, " "children, " "COVID19, " and "SARS-CoV-2." Relevant articles published between 2003 and 2020 were identified through searches in the authors'' personal files. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be less severe in infants and children than in adult patients, similar to the SARS-CoV infection (15) (16) (17) . Of the 34 pregnant women who were confirmed with the SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple hospitals in Wuhan, including one pregnant woman with a negative nucleic acid test result, 30 had a fever and 16 had a cough (54) (55) (56) (57) . abstract: At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus began to spread in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The confirmed cases increased nationwide rapidly, in part due to the increased population mobility during the Chinese Lunar New Year festival. The World Health Organization (WHO) subsequently named the novel coronavirus pneumonia Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and named the virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Soon, transmission from person to person was confirmed and the virus spread to many other countries. To date, many cases have been reported in the pediatric age group, most of which were from China. The management and treatment strategies have also been improved, which we believe would be helpful to pediatric series in other countries as well. However, the characteristics of neonatal and childhood infection still have not been evaluated in detail. This review summarizes the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and children from January 24 to May 1, as an experience from China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574286/ doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00287 id: cord-285890-tbh54zju author: Yuan, Niu title: Investigation of adverse reactions in healthcare personnel working in Level 3 barrier protection PPE to treat COVID-19 date: 2020-06-18 words: 2647.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285890-tbh54zju.txt summary: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of our study was to investigate potential adverse reactions in healthcare professionals working in Level 3 barrier protection personal protective equipment (L3PPE) to treat patients with COVID-19. During the 1 week of volunteer service while wearing level 3 barrier protection PPE (L3PPE), the author experienced discomfort including heat stress, perspiration, respiratory difficulties, facial skin indentation, nausea and vomiting. 6 While there is insufficient evidence to suggest the development of dizziness and nausea in healthcare professionals when wearing PPE, we further included the investigation of digestive discomforts in this study due to the personal experiences of the author who experienced nervous and digestive discomforts after wearing a L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19. ► Would healthcare professionals working in L3PPE experience varying degrees of adverse reactions, including skin reactions, respiratory difficulties, heat stress, dizziness and nausea? abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of our study was to investigate potential adverse reactions in healthcare professionals working in Level 3 barrier protection personal protective equipment (L3PPE) to treat patients with COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN: By using a convenience sampling approach, 129 out of 205 randomly selected healthcare professionals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were invited to take part in a WeChat messaging app survey, Questionnaire Star, via a survey link. Healthcare personnel details were collected, including profession, years of professional experience and adverse reactions while wearing L3PPE. Survey results were divided by profession and years of professional experience; differences in adverse reactions were compared. RESULTS: Among the 129 healthcare professionals surveyed, 21 (16.28%) were doctors and 108 (83.72%) were nurses. A total of 122 (94.57%) healthcare professionals experienced discomfort while wearing L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19. The main reasons for adverse reactions and discomfort include varying degrees of adverse skin reactions, respiratory difficulties, heat stress, dizziness and nausea. Doctors had a lower incidence of rashes (χ(2)=4.519, p=0.034) and dizziness (χ(2)=4.123, p=0.042) when compared with nurses. Junior (8.5 years of experience or fewer) healthcare personnel also experienced a higher rate of heat stress when compared with senior personnel (more than 8.5 years greater) (χ(2)=5.228, p=0.022). CONCLUSION: More attention should be offered to healthcare personnel wearing L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19 because they are susceptible to developing adverse reactions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32554543/ doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137854 id: cord-327628-fl8dyahe author: Yuan, Qi title: Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China date: 2020-08-20 words: 2940.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327628-fl8dyahe.txt summary: The three-month period of continuous field observations for aerosol particles and gaseous pollutants, which extended from January 2020 to March 2020, covered urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas in the typical megacity of Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. Note that this public health emergency not only locked down people in the community but stopped the operation of the public traffic system and industry machine, which caused a short-term regional reduction of air pollutant emissions from vehicles and some industries in China (Huang et al., 2020b; Shi and Brasseur, 2020; The strictest nationwide restrictions for preventing the COVID-19 spread greatly reduced the primary emissions and weakened the regional transport effect of air pollutants due to the large-scale regional decrease in the primary pollution (Huang et al., 2020b; Zhang et al., 2020b) . During the observation period, the daily average mass concentrations of PM 10 , concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO x , and CO at the urban site were higher than those at the urban-industry and suburban sites (Table S2) , which suggests that vehicle emissions was the major source of air pollutants in the urban area. abstract: Abstract In recent decades, air pollution has become an important environmental problem in the megacities of eastern China. How to control air pollution in megacities is still a challenging issue because of the complex pollutant sources, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorology. There is substantial uncertainty in accurately identifying the contributions of transport and local emissions to the air quality in megacities. The COVID-19 outbreak has prompted a nationwide public lockdown period and provides a valuable opportunity for understanding the sources and factors of air pollutants. The three-month period of continuous field observations for aerosol particles and gaseous pollutants, which extended from January 2020 to March 2020, covered urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas in the typical megacity of Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. In general, the concentrations of PM2.5–10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, and CO reduced 58%, 47%, 83%, 11% and 30%, respectively, in the megacity during the COVID-Lock period. The reduction proportions of PM2.5 and CO were generally higher in urban and urban-industry areas than those in suburban areas. NOx exhibited the greatest reduction (>80%) among all the air pollutants, and the reduction was similar in the urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas. O3 increased 102%–125% during the COVID-Lock period. The daytime elevation of the planetary boundary layer height can reduce 30% of the PM10, PM2.5, NOx and CO concentrations on the ground in Hangzhou. During the long-range transport events, air pollutants on the regional scale likely contribute 40%–90% of the fine particles in the Hangzhou urban area. The findings highlight the future control and model forecasting of air pollutants in Hangzhou and similar megacities in eastern China. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720353493 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141820 id: cord-342902-y1v8wzxq author: Yuan, Shuofeng title: Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters date: 2020-10-07 words: 5692.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342902-y1v8wzxq.txt summary: Here, we show that clofazimine, an anti-leprosy drug with a favorable safety and pharmacokinetics profile, possesses pan-coronaviral inhibitory activity, and can antagonize SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple in vitro systems, including the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and ex vivo lung cultures. In a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, prophylactic or therapeutic administration of clofazimine significantly reduced viral load in the lung and fecal viral shedding, and also prevented cytokine storm associated with viral infection. Since clofazimine is orally bioavailable and has a comparatively low manufacturing cost, it is an attractive clinical candidate for outpatient treatment and remdesivir-based combinatorial therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in developing countries. We found that co-application of clofazimine and remdesivir impacts SARS-CoV-2 replication in a manner that extends beyond the additive combinatorial activity predicted by the Bliss independence model (maximal Bliss Synergy Score of 44.28; Figure 5a , Extended Data Figure 2) , and indicates these two drugs harbor a synergistic antiviral relationship. abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is the third zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) outbreak of the century after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) since 2012. Treatment options for CoVs are largely lacking. Here, we show that clofazimine, an anti-leprosy drug with a favorable safety and pharmacokinetics profile, possesses pan-coronaviral inhibitory activity, and can antagonize SARS-CoV-2 replication in multiple in vitro systems, including the human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and ex vivo lung cultures. The FDA-approved molecule was found to inhibit multiple steps of viral replication, suggesting multiple underlying antiviral mechanisms. In a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, prophylactic or therapeutic administration of clofazimine significantly reduced viral load in the lung and fecal viral shedding, and also prevented cytokine storm associated with viral infection. Additionally, clofazimine exhibited synergy when administered with remdesivir. Since clofazimine is orally bioavailable and has a comparatively low manufacturing cost, it is an attractive clinical candidate for outpatient treatment and remdesivir-based combinatorial therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in developing countries. Taken together, our data provide evidence that clofazimine may have a role in the control of the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2, endemic MERS-CoV in the Middle East, and, possibly most importantly, emerging CoVs of the future. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-86169/v1 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-86169/v1 id: cord-289377-2vqqabum author: Yubero, P. title: Evidence for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 from epidemiological data series date: 2020-07-24 words: 4972.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289377-2vqqabum.txt summary: We then estimate the capacity of EAKF techniques to infer the duration of this memory and then apply this approach to mortality time series from New York City, discerning immunity times against SARS-CoV-2 with reasonable accuracy. (B) The value of the synthetic infection rate β synth (dotted line) is captured by the protocol β model (blue) after some data assimilation steps, and prior to the pandemic peak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20160028 doi: medRxiv preprint uity of a strong reduction of the infection rate during the initial days of the epidemic in all data sets that we studied (results of Belgium, Spain and France are available in Fig. S4 ). In our case, the time-dependent state variables are the infection rate β , the immunity memory τ and the population in each compartment of the model. abstract: The duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is uncertain. Delineating immune memory typically requires longitudinal serological studies that track antibody prevalence in the same cohort for an extended time. However, this information is needed in faster timescales. Notably, the dynamics of an epidemic where recovered patients become immune for any period should differ significantly from those of one where the recovered promptly become susceptible. Here, we exploit this difference to provide a reliable protocol that can estimate immunity early in an epidemic. We verify this protocol with synthetic data, discuss its limitations, and then apply it to evaluate human immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in mortality data series from New York City. Our results indicate that New York's mortality figures are incompatible with immunity lasting anything below 105 or above 211 days (90% CI.), and set an example on how to assess immune memory in emerging pandemics before serological studies can be deployed. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20160028 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.22.20160028 id: cord-252771-6kwfulqe author: Yue, Jing-Li title: Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-05 words: 7935.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt summary: Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Specifically, mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists were deployed to provide psychological counseling and support for vulnerable populations (e.g. frontline healthcare workers, confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 cases and their families) in China and for people in quarantine in South Korea. For example, group-based CBT (Waterman et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2019) , PFA, PTL (Decosimo et al., 2019) , culturally adapted interventions such as SMART (Ng et al., 2006) , ultra-brief psychological interventions (Ping et al., 2020) and peer supports (Rastegar Kazerooni et al., 2020) have been reported to effectively mitigate the emotional impacts of COVID-19, EVD, and SARS outbreaks. Culturally-adapted and cost-effective mental health emergency systems based on evidence-based intervention methods integrated into public health emergency responses at the national and global levels are recommended to reduce the psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, especially for COVID-19. abstract: The upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched. Of 4278 reports identified, 32 were included in this review. Most articles of psychological interventions were implemented to address the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Ebola, SARS, and MERS for multiple vulnerable populations. Increasing mental health literacy of the public is vital to prevent the mental health crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Culturally-adapted, cost-effective, and accessible strategies integrated into the public health emergency response and established medical systems at the local and national levels are likely to be an effective option to enhance mental health response capacity for the current and for future infectious disease outbreaks. Tele-mental healthcare services were key central components of stepped care for both infectious disease outbreak management and routine support; however, the usefulness and limitations of remote health delivery should also be recognized. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148347/ doi: 10.1017/s0033291720003888 id: cord-029859-fhm0d9t9 author: Yue, Ling title: How psychiatrists coordinate treatment for COVID-19: a retrospective study and experience from China date: 2020-07-21 words: 2946.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029859-fhm0d9t9.txt summary: We collected information including sociodemographic characteristics, whether patients received psychiatric consultation, mental health symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric treatments and severity level of COVID-19. The psychiatric consultation rate was highest in critically ill patients (69.2%), with affective symptoms or disturbed behaviour as their main mental health problems. Psychiatric diagnoses for patients who received consultation included acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety (15.5%), depression (7.1%) and delirium (4.8%). This study is a retrospective General Psychiatry analysis of psychiatric medical records of 329 patients with COVID-19 in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. The psychiatric diagnoses for the 84 patients with COVID-19 who used mental health consultation were as follows: acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety state (15.5%), depression state or major depression (7.1%), and delirium (4.8%) (see table 4 ). In this study, 25.5% of patients with COVID-19 received psychiatric consultations, suggesting a high risk of developing mental or psychological diseases. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of developing mental health problems; however, the prevalence and management of mental disorders and how psychiatrists coordinate the treatment are unclear. AIMS: We aimed to investigate the mental health problems of patients infected with COVID-19 and to identify the role of psychiatrists in the clinical treatment team during the pandemic. We also share the experience of psychiatric consultations of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. METHODS: We analysed data from the psychiatric medical records of 329 patients with COVID-19 in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from 20 January to 8 March 2020. We collected information including sociodemographic characteristics, whether patients received psychiatric consultation, mental health symptoms, psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric treatments and severity level of COVID-19. RESULTS: Psychiatric consultations were received by 84 (25.5%) patients with COVID-19. The most common symptoms of mental health problems were sleep disorders (75%), anxiety (58.3%) and depressive symptoms (11.9%). The psychiatric consultation rate was highest in critically ill patients (69.2%), with affective symptoms or disturbed behaviour as their main mental health problems. Psychiatric diagnoses for patients who received consultation included acute stress reaction (39.3%), sleep disorders (33.3%), anxiety (15.5%), depression (7.1%) and delirium (4.8%). In terms of psychiatric treatments, 86.9% of patients who received psychiatric consultation were treated with psychotropic medications, including non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents (54.8%), antidepressants (26.2%), benzodiazepines (22.6%) and antipsychotics (10.7%). Among the 76 patients who were discharged from the hospital, 79% had recovered from mental health problems and were not prescribed any psychotropic medications. The symptoms of the remaining 21% of patients had improved and they were prescribed medications to continue the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report psychiatric consultations for patients with COVID-19. Our study indicated that a considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19, especially critically ill cases, experienced mental health problems. Given the remarkable effect of psychiatric treatments, we recommend that psychiatrists be timely and actively involved in the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387309/ doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100272 id: cord-347631-78h9w2ty author: Yun, Debo title: Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report date: 2020-10-10 words: 1754.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347631-78h9w2ty.txt summary: title: Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report Knowledge of lung ultrasound characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia might be useful for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients, and lung ultrasound can help to control the spread of infection in healthcare settings. When the patient recovered from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, lung ultrasound images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating. Performing lung ultrasound at the bedside minimizes the need to move the patient, thus reducing the risk of spreading infection among healthcare staff. When the patient recovered from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, LUS images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating (Figure 1(i) and (j) ). Point-of-care lung ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak abstract: Knowledge of lung ultrasound characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia might be useful for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients, and lung ultrasound can help to control the spread of infection in healthcare settings. In this case report, a 36-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was diagnosed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal swab. The lung ultrasound findings for this patient were the interstitial-alveolar damage showing bilateral, diffuse pleural line abnormalities, subpleural consolidations, white lung areas and thick, irregular vertical artifacts. When the patient recovered from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, lung ultrasound images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating. Performing lung ultrasound at the bedside minimizes the need to move the patient, thus reducing the risk of spreading infection among healthcare staff. Lung ultrasound is useful for early diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and for monitoring its progress over the course of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20958915 doi: 10.1177/2050313x20958915 id: cord-028525-0ckagrt1 author: Yung, Chee Fu title: Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Adults to Children date: 2020-07-04 words: 1706.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028525-0ckagrt1.txt summary: Beginning on March 5, because of concern that infected children might not display symptoms, the Ministry of Health Singapore implemented screening for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs for all pediatric household contacts (regardless of symptoms) of persons with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. During March and April, among 137 households with a total of 223 adults (index patients) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, 213 children aged ≤16 years were tested for SARS-6 CoV-2; 13 cases were detected in seven households, for an attack rate of 6.1% among children and 5.2% of households with confirmed exposure to COVID-19 (Table) . Based on systematic surveillance and screening of children who were household contacts of persons with confirmed COVID-19, the attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was 6.1%. The low attack rate suggests that strict compliance with infection control may be able to eliminate or reduce the risk of transmission from adults to children in household settings. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7334921/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.009 id: cord-263901-hmqq9w1a author: Yurdaisik, Isil title: Effectiveness of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus-2019 date: 2020-05-15 words: 3037.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263901-hmqq9w1a.txt summary: Correct diagnosis of viral pneumonia based on chest CT indicates isolation and plays an important role in the management of patients suspected to have an infection, especially in the absence of scientifically proven treatment methods. Radiologists to have sufficient knowledge about the clinic and chest CT imaging of COVID-19 will help early detection of the infection and evaluation of the disease course. In a study from Wuhan, China, it was reported that COVID-19 had abnormal findings on chest CT even in asymptomatic patients [26] . In a study by radiologists from Wuhan, China, it was found that chest CT had a low misdiagnosis rate in COVID-19 and this method can help standardization of imaging and a rapid diagnosis [10] . Liu: Relation between chest CT findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia: a multicenter study Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases abstract: Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the coronavirus genus of the coronaviridae family. All CoVs are pleomorphic RNA viruses containing crown-like peplomers of 80-160 nm in size. This virus is a zoonotic pathogen seen with a wide range of clinical features from asymptomatic state to intensive care in humans. So far, seven human coronaviruses have been identified with the last one being Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). These pathogens typically lead to mild disease, but SARS and MERS type coronaviruses have caused severe respiratory disease and even mortality within the last 20 years. COVID-19 virus has rapidly spread worldwide after China and is continuing to cause huge economical and social impacts. Given the scarcity of resources including healthcare staff, hospital capacities, test kits, etc., timely diagnosis and treatment of this virus are of paramount importance. However, there is no vaccination or drug developed for the treatment of this disease up to today. Because the spreading rate of the virus is very high worldwide and there is no definitive treatment, diagnosis becomes even more important. The objective of this review is to evaluate the use of chest computed tomography, one of the commonly used radiologic imaging modalities, in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in light with the current literatüre. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32550054/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.8134 id: cord-276241-4g6pa7kz author: Yurttaş, Berna title: Characteristics and outcomes of Behçet’s syndrome patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: a case series of 10 patients date: 2020-07-09 words: 1735.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276241-4g6pa7kz.txt summary: Recently two European centers reported that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune diseases was comparable to that observed in the general population [8, 9] . Table 2 shows presenting symptoms, laboratory tests, length of hospital stay and management related to COVID-19. Due to parenchymal CNS involvement with a progressive relapsing course, he received several immunosuppressive agents including cyclophosphamide and Case no 3, 4, 5 and 6 had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Our case series suggests that BS patients are much younger and appear to have increased risk for severe outcome when infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population. In line with our observations, very recently a study from Wuhan, China, reported that respiratory failure was more commonly observed in RD patients infected with COVID-19 compared to those without RD [15] . High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647946/ doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02427-8 id: cord-348709-y1tws6p9 author: Yusoff, Muhamad Saiful Bahri title: Sustainable Medical Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Surviving the New Normal date: 2020-06-30 words: 1708.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348709-y1tws6p9.txt summary: However, the MCO that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for the higher education community in ensuring continuous provision of education to the students. It should be noted that if the duration for the MCO following the COVID-19 outbreak were to exceed two months, which is now the case, it was essential for medical schools to activate emergency risk management for the implementation of online teaching and learning during the outbreak. However, online teaching continues to be an adjunct teaching method for medical curricula, as face-to face teaching is still required for the development of certain learning outcomes such as the acquisition of clinical skills and development of values (i.e. professionalism) (12) . Being able to conduct fullblown online teaching and learning in medical schools during this pandemic is critical to ensure the continuity of educational delivery to medical students after the prohibition of movement and mass assemblies had been undertaken to break the chain of infection. abstract: During the first phase of the Movement Control Order, many medical lecturers had difficulty adapting to the online teaching and learning methods that were made compulsory by the institutional directives. Some of these lecturers are clinicians who need to juggle between clinical work and teaching, and consider a two-week adaptation during this period to be not enough. Furthermore, converting traditional face-to-face learning to online formats for undergraduate and postgraduate clinical programmes would reduce the learning outcomes, especially those related to clinical applications and the acquisition of new skills. This editorial discusses the impact that movement restrictions have had on medical teaching and learning, the alternatives and challenges and the way forward. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32684814/ doi: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.14 id: cord-285922-4gge917e author: Yusuff, Hakeem title: Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date: 2020-06-01 words: 1720.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285922-4gge917e.txt summary: 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to manage patients with COVID 19-associated severe respiratory or cardiac failure with mortality in excess of 50%. 5 In addition, there is early development of a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like picture in a subset of patients, the management of which is made more complicated if providing systemic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis and maintain the extracorporeal circuit. 24 The hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19 disease may create these effects as well, potentially contributing to hemorrhagic complications encountered during ECMO support. The associated increased risk of thrombosis and coagulopathy in ECMO patients is a result of a combination of processes driven by the disease occurring in synergy with the effect of the extracorporeal circuit on the coagulation system. Ongoing analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data and data from ECMO centers around the world (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2019 novel Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Disease (ECMOCard study) will hopefully help to better characterize and understand these pathologic derangements of coagulation. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/mat.0000000000001208 doi: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001208 id: cord-348614-im7qtr9k author: Yánez Benítez, Carlos title: International cooperation group of emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-13 words: 3971.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348614-im7qtr9k.txt summary: These COVID-19 dedicated protocols addressed surgical team organization, operating room (OR) preparation, rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE), considerations on anesthesiology, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical pathology. Continuity performing their regular tasks was reported by 73 (54%) of the respondents, in contrast with the rest, whose newly assigned duties were to the emergency department COVID-19 triage (25%), the intensive care unit (ICU) activities (13%), or had to manage mechanically ventilated patients in the surgical ward (7%). About half (51%) of the respondents had not received training in the use of PPE for airborne infectious risk while performing emergency surgical procedures before the pandemic, and roughly over one-third (37%) had it during the studied period. This study provides an international snapshot of the level of adoption of the guidance for surgical team organization, adequacy of PPE availability and usage, OR preparation, anesthesiologic considerations, and intraoperative management of emergency surgical cases during 2 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed working conditions for emergency surgical teams around the world. International surgical societies have issued clinical recommendations to optimize surgical management. This international study aimed to assess the degree of emergency surgical teams’ adoption of recommendations during the pandemic. METHODS: Emergency surgical team members from over 30 countries were invited to answer an anonymous, prospective, online survey to assess team organization, PPE-related aspects, OR preparations, anesthesiologic considerations, and surgical management for emergency surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-thirty-four questionnaires were returned (N = 134) from 26 countries, of which 88% were surgeons, 7% surgical trainees, 4% anesthetists. 81% of the respondents got involved with COVID-19 crisis management. Social media were used by 91% of the respondents to access the recommendations, and 66% used videoconference tools for team communication. 51% had not received PPE training before the pandemic, 73% reported equipment shortage, and 55% informed about re-use of N95/FPP2/3 respirators. Dedicated COVID operating areas were cited by 77% of the respondents, 44% had performed emergency surgical procedures on COVID-19 patients, and over half (52%), favored performing laparoscopic over open surgical procedures. CONCLUSION: Surgical team members have responded with leadership to the COVID-19 pandemic, with crisis management principles. Social media and videoconference have been used by the vast majority to access guidelines or to communicate during social distancing. The level of adoption of current recommendations is high for organizational aspects and surgical management, but not so for PPE training and availability, and anesthesiologic considerations. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01521-y id: cord-348358-dg3sa9ho author: Yüce, Meltem Özden title: An analysis of YouTube videos as educational resources for dental practitioners to prevent the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-23 words: 3340.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348358-dg3sa9ho.txt summary: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of dentistry-related medical information about COVID-19 on YouTube as educational resources for dental practitioners. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of YouTube videos as an informative tool for dental practitioners regarding additional preventive measures that need to be taken during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is important to inform the patients and dental practitioners about the novel coronavirus in an accurate and effective way and our study provides a detailed analysis of YouTube videos as a source of dentistry-related medical information about COVID-19. Therefore, the reliability of YouTube videos as a source of information about preventing the spread of COVID-19 for dental practitioners is very important. In the present study, we analysed the source and quality of dentistry-related scientifically based medical information given by professionals about COVID-19 on YouTube for dental practitioners as demonstrated above. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported on 31 December 2019 and has rapidly been spreading day by day. Dental patients and professionals have a high risk of the coronavirus infection and also have a huge responsibility to prevent its spread during emergency dental treatment over the period of the COVID-19 outbreak. AIM: Informing patients and dental practitioners about the novel coronavirus in an accurate and effective way is very important. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of dentistry-related medical information about COVID-19 on YouTube as educational resources for dental practitioners. METHODS: YouTube was queried for the search phrases ‘COVID-19 and dental practice’, ‘SARS-Cov-2 and dental practice’ and ‘2019-COV-2 and dental practice’. The first 100 videos for each term were viewed and analysed by 3 independent investigators. The scope was limited to videos in English. RESULTS: The search phrases yielded 1102 videos, among which 802 videos were excluded and 300 videos screened. Fifty-five videos were included in the final analysis. Of the 55 videos, only 2 videos (3.6%) were found to be of good quality, while 24 videos (43.6%) were found to be of poor quality. CONCLUSION: YouTube is a popular video broadcast site and can provide both relevant educational information and the spreading of misinformation. Health professionals should play a more active role with regard to educative information given on social media, especially YouTube, during global disease outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02312-5 doi: 10.1007/s11845-020-02312-5 id: cord-349696-w3ajpaxo author: Yıldız, Erman title: What can be said about lifestyle and psychosocial issues during the coronavirus disease pandemic? first impressions date: 2020-07-06 words: 1271.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349696-w3ajpaxo.txt summary: 1 Everything regarding COVID-19 started with cases detected in the city of Wuhan in China 2 and became a public even that concerns the entire world in a short time due to the disease''s high contagiousness. 15 Indeed, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors encountered in the pandemic period are not just related to noncontagious diseases, but these behaviors are also closely in interacting with the mental health of individuals. Considering that unhealthy lifestyle behaviors due to quarantine, such as physical limitation and ineffective weight management are frequently comorbid with stress, anxiety, and depression, the mental health of individuals should not be neglected. 16 For all these reasons, from the perspectives of public health and protective care, there is an emergent need to provide information and interventions to individuals, communities and healthcare institutions for them to continue the healthiest lifestyle under quarantine. Lifestyle at time of COVID-19: how could quarantine affect cardiovascular risk abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32632997/ doi: 10.1111/ppc.12560 id: cord-273322-zz733a0k author: ZHAO, Yang title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China date: 2020-08-31 words: 2168.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273322-zz733a0k.txt summary: This study aimed to understand the differences in clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features between the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and influenza A in children. Compared with either inpatients or outpatients with influenza A, children with COVID-19 showed significantly more frequent family infections and higher ratio of low fever (< 37.3 °C), but shorter cough and fever duration, lower body temperature, and lower rates of cough, fever, high fever (> 39 °C), nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, vomiting, myalgia or arthralgia, and febrile seizures. This study compared the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and routine laboratory test results between 23 inpatients (5.7 ± 3.8 years; 9 boys, 39% of total) with pediatric COVID-19 (recruited from January 1 to March 28, 2020) and age-and sexmatched 69 inpatients and 69 outpatients with pediatric influenza A (from January 1 to December 31, 2019) who received treatment in the Beijing Ditan Hospital in Beijing, China, which has been designated as treatment facility of infectious diseases including COVID-19. abstract: This study aimed to understand the differences in clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features between the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and influenza A in children. Data of 23 hospitalized children with COVID-19 (9 boys, 5.7 ± 3.8 years old) were compared with age- and sex-matched 69 hospitalized and 69 outpatient children with influenza A from a hospital in China. The participants' epidemiological history, family cluster, clinical manifestations, and blood test results were assessed. Compared with either inpatients or outpatients with influenza A, children with COVID-19 showed significantly more frequent family infections and higher ratio of low fever (< 37.3 °C), but shorter cough and fever duration, lower body temperature, and lower rates of cough, fever, high fever (> 39 °C), nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, vomiting, myalgia or arthralgia, and febrile seizures. They also showed higher counts of lymphocytes, T lymphocyte CD8, and platelets and levels of cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactic acid, but lower serum amyloid, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and shorter prothrombin time. The level of alanine aminotransferase in children with COVID-19 is lower than that in inpatients but higher than that in outpatients with influenza A. Pediatric COVID-19 is associated with more frequent family infection, milder symptoms, and milder immune responses relative to pediatric influenza A. url: https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2020.080 doi: 10.3967/bes2020.080 id: cord-351528-23lbs8al author: Zacharia, Brad E title: Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-04-29 words: 999.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351528-23lbs8al.txt summary: title: Letter: Surgical Management of Brain Tumor Patients in the COVID-19 Era In regions with high baseline COVID-19 rates and available testing, all patients should undergo testing as close as possible to surgery. 5 In regions where COVID-19 testing is not readily available, all patients should be screened with a questionnaire to assess the likelihood of active disease and prior exposure. 6 In institutions without routine testing availability and without high rates of disease presence, those patients who screen negative may likely proceed to the operating room with standard precautionary measures. Given the high viral load in the upper airway of infected patients, aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 may be extremely high during sinonasal and upper airway procedures, particularly when powered instruments (such as drills) are employed. 9 The American Association of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) recommends deferring endoscopic endonasal procedures unless emergent or until preoperative COVID-19 testing can be performed. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa162 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa162 id: cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author: Zachariah, Rony title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 words: 2780.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt summary: title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries'' Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic "The operational research training I received from TDR and its partners has been invaluable as it has enabled me to transfer the skills I acquired while conducting research on Ebola to my current work on COVID-19"-Dr James Squire, Ministry of Health, Sierra Leone. SORT IT is a global partnership-based initiative led by TDR, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and implemented with various partners including ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academic institutions [1] . Of those who responded, 417 from 72 countries were actively involved in the COVID-19 response and 307 (74%) from 60 countries were applying their skills acquired from SORT IT courses to tackle the pandemic ( Figure 2 ). abstract: (1) Introduction. The Structured Operational Research and Training IniTiative (SORT IT) supports countries to build operational research capacity for improving public health. We assessed whether health workers trained through SORT IT were (1) contributing to the COVID-19 pandemic response and if so, (2) map where and how they were applying their SORT IT skills. (2) Methods. An online questionnaire survey of SORT IT alumni trained between 2009 and 2019. (3) Results. Of 895 SORT IT alumni from 93 countries, 652 (73%) responded to the survey and 417 were contributing to the COVID-19 response in 72 countries. Of those contributing, 307 (74%) were applying their SORT IT skills to tackle the pandemic in 60 countries and six continents including Africa, Asia, Europe, South Pacific and North/South America. Skills were applied to all the pillars of the emergency response with the highest proportions of alumni applying their skills in data generation/analysis/reporting (56%), situation analysis (55%) and surveillance (41%). Skills were also being used to mitigate the health system effects of COVID-19 on other diseases (27%) and in conducting research (26%). (4) Conclusion. Investing in people and in research training ahead of public health emergencies generates downstream dividends by strengthening health system resilience for tackling pandemics. It also strengthens human resources for health and the integration of research within health systems. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030118 doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030118 id: cord-219107-klpmipaj author: Zachreson, Cameron title: Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks using mobility data date: 2020-08-14 words: 5901.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt summary: For community transmission scenarios, our results demonstrate that mobility data adds the most value to risk predictions when case counts are low and spatially clustered. In each case, we use the Facebook mobility data that was available during the early stages of the outbreak to estimate future spatial patterns of relative transmission risk. For each of the three outbreak scenarios, we present the mobility-based estimates of the relative transmission risk distribution, and a time-varying correlation between our estimate and the case numbers ascertained through contact tracing and testing programs. Our results indicate that aggregate mobility data can be a useful tool in estimation of COVID-19 transmission risk diffusion from locations where active cases have been identified. A heat map (Supplemental Figure S1 ) of the average number of Facebook users present during the nighttime period (2am to 10am) as a proportion of the estimated resident population reported by the ABS (2018 [32] ) shows qualitative similarity to the spatial distributions of active cases and relative risk shown in Figure 5 abstract: COVID-19 is highly transmissible and containing outbreaks requires a rapid and effective response. Because infection may be spread by people who are pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic, substantial undetected transmission is likely to occur before clinical cases are diagnosed. Thus, when outbreaks occur there is a need to anticipate which populations and locations are at heightened risk of exposure. In this work, we evaluate the utility of aggregate human mobility data for estimating the geographic distribution of transmission risk. We present a simple procedure for producing spatial transmission risk assessments from near-real-time population mobility data. We validate our estimates against three well-documented COVID-19 outbreak scenarios in Australia. Two of these were well-defined transmission clusters and one was a community transmission scenario. Our results indicate that mobility data can be a good predictor of geographic patterns of exposure risk from transmission centres, particularly in scenarios involving workplaces or other environments associated with habitual travel patterns. For community transmission scenarios, our results demonstrate that mobility data adds the most value to risk predictions when case counts are low and spatially clustered. Our method could assist health systems in the allocation of testing resources, and potentially guide the implementation of geographically-targeted restrictions on movement and social interaction. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06193v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-320082-gbli8zn2 author: Zadnik, Vesna title: Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Diagnosis and Management in Slovenia – Preliminary Results date: 2020-07-29 words: 3163.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320082-gbli8zn2.txt summary: RESULTS: Compared to the November 2019 – February 2020 average, the decrease in April 2020 was about 43% and 29% for pathohistological and clinical cancer notifications; 33%, 46% and 85% for first, control and genetic counselling referrals; 19% (53%), 43% (72%) and 20% (21%) for first (and control) outpatient visits at the radiotherapy, surgery and medical oncology sectors at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, and 48%, 76%, and 42% for X-rays, mammograms and ultrasounds performed at the Institute, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Significant drops in first referrals for oncological services, first visits and imaging studies performed at the Institute, as well as cancer notifications in April 2020 point to a possibility of a delayed cancer diagnosis for some patients during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Slovenia. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision and use of healthcare services throughout the world. In Slovenia, an epidemic was officially declared between mid-March and mid-May 2020. Although all non-essential health care services were put on hold by government decree, oncological services were listed as an exception. Nevertheless, as cancer control depends also on other health services and additionally major changes in people’s behaviour likely occurred, we aimed to analyse whether cancer diagnosis and management were affected during the COVID-19 epidemic in Slovenia. METHODS: We analysed routine data for the period November 2019 through May 2020 from three sources: (1) from the Slovenian Cancer Registry we analysed data on pathohistological and clinical practice cancer notifications from two major cancer centres in Ljubljana and Maribor; (2) from the e-referral system we analysed data on all referrals in Slovenia issued for oncological services, stratified by type of referral; and (3) from the administrative data of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana we analysed data on outpatient visits by type as well as on diagnostic imaging performed. RESULTS: Compared to the November 2019 – February 2020 average, the decrease in April 2020 was about 43% and 29% for pathohistological and clinical cancer notifications; 33%, 46% and 85% for first, control and genetic counselling referrals; 19% (53%), 43% (72%) and 20% (21%) for first (and control) outpatient visits at the radiotherapy, surgery and medical oncology sectors at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, and 48%, 76%, and 42% for X-rays, mammograms and ultrasounds performed at the Institute, respectively. The number of CT and MRI scans performed was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: Significant drops in first referrals for oncological services, first visits and imaging studies performed at the Institute, as well as cancer notifications in April 2020 point to a possibility of a delayed cancer diagnosis for some patients during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Slovenia. The reasons for the delay cannot be ascertained with certainty and could be linked to health-seeking behaviour of the patients, the beliefs and practices of doctors and/ or the health system management during the epidemic. Drops in control referrals and control visits were expected and are most likely due to the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana postponing non-essential follow-ups through May 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0048 doi: 10.2478/raon-2020-0048 id: cord-330728-tul659fr author: Zaed, Ismail title: How is COVID-19 going to affect education in neurosurgery? A step toward a new era of educational training date: 2020-06-11 words: 1539.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330728-tul659fr.txt summary: Many medical offices have either made the 40 transition to telemedicine or greatly reduced their patient volumes to accommodate the widely accepted 41 "social distancing" recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States COVID-19 has forced us to rapidly adapt, integrate, and use technology to help us survive during these 46 challenging times. Despite being a very promising 110 technology able to influence neurosurgical training, several barriers still need to be defeated, such as the 111 expensiveness of the acquisition, the significant amount of space that many hospitals and programs do not 112 have for its installation and the fact that even the most modern simulators allow the performance of only a 113 few specific procedures. In more recent times, VR technologies started to be used also 124 in surgical fields, allowing an enhanced training of surgical skills. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.032 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.032 id: cord-351246-0kjqrf06 author: Zahnd, Whitney E. title: The COVID‐19 Pandemic Illuminates Persistent and Emerging Disparities among Rural Black Populations date: 2020-05-03 words: 388.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351246-0kjqrf06.txt summary: In South Carolina, where black persons comprise 27% of the population, the percentage of COVID-19 cases and deaths among black persons was 38% and 46%, respectively, as of April 8. 5 The South, where 94% of black rural populations live, has the perfect storm of more lax "stay at home" and social distancing policies, higher rates of underlying conditions, and lack of access to health care services, inviting racial disparities in COVID-19 cases and deaths to be even more stark in rural communities. 6 Finally, most states that have yet to expand Dr. Fauci rightly notes that the coronavirus pandemic shines a bright light on racial disparities, but let us work and hope that the big city lights do not blind the world to both the persistent and emerging disparities experienced by rural black populations. Fauci say COVID-19 data sheds light on racial disparities in health care abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12460 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12460 id: cord-289613-4ep4a3sn author: Zahra, Shaker A. title: International entrepreneurship in the post Covid world date: 2020-09-14 words: 7106.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289613-4ep4a3sn.txt summary: It will then discuss how these changes are likely to affect international new ventures (INVs), which could be independently owned or corporate sponsored, such as those created by MNEs (Cumming, Sapienza, Siegel, & Wright, 2009; Zahra, 2020) . Most important of these changes brought about by Covid to date are: damaging long standing institutions, reshaping the global supply chains, disrupting existing businesses and personal networks, and undermining the flow of knowledge, technology capital, ideas and people across international borders. The arrival of Covid, damage to international institutions, shifting ideologies and changing patterns of international operations have also disrupted international business networks, widely viewed as essential to innovation, learning, access to resources, international expansion, and opportunity recognition (Lorenz, Ramsey, & Richey, 2018; Pedersen, Soda, & Stea, 2019) . Finally, given the growing reliance on digital platforms around the globe, how do changes induced by Covid in institutions and platforms affect the innovativeness of INVs from emerging and developed markets? abstract: How will the world look post Covid-19? What is the role of international entrepreneurship (IE) in this new world? This article attempts to answer these two questions. It highlights the changes caused by Covid and how they might affect the scope and types of international entrepreneurial activities in years to come. It also discusses how international entrepreneurs are likely to operate and shape the emerging world order. The article concludes by outlining the implications of these changes for IE scholarship, offering an agenda for future research. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1090951620300717 doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101143 id: cord-278313-gadui4r7 author: Zakeri, R. title: A case-control and cohort study to determine the relationship between ethnic background and severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 5153.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278313-gadui4r7.txt summary: 6 A UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) analysis suggested that individuals of Black and South Asian descent had a higher likelihood of death than White people after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, but was limited by lack of information on comorbidities and the use of historic (2011) data for the reference population. In analyses adjusting for the matching variables (age and sex) only, Black and Mixed/Other ethnicity were associated with higher odds of admission compared to White ethnicity ( is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. These data confirmed a disproportionately higher number of minority ethnic group patients among those admitted for COVID-19 compared with emergency respiratory infection admissions in the preceding year. First, we employ a case-population study to identify an approximately 3-fold higher risk of hospital admission with COVID-19 for Black and Mixed ethnicity groups (but not Asians) compared to White among inner city residents. abstract: Background. People of minority ethnic background may be disproportionately affected by severe COVID-19 for reasons that are unclear. We sought to examine the relationship between ethnic background and (1) hospital admission for severe COVID-19; (2) in-hospital mortality. Methods. We conducted a case-control study of 872 inner city adult residents admitted to hospital with confirmed COVID-19 (cases) and 3,488 matched controls randomly sampled from a primary healthcare database comprising 344,083 people resident in the same region. To examine in-hospital mortality, we conducted a cohort study of 1827 adults consecutively admitted with COVID-19. Data collected included hospital admission for COVID-19, demographics, comorbidities, in-hospital mortality. The primary exposure variable was self-defined ethnicity. Results. The 872 cases comprised 48.1% Black, 33.7% White, 12.6% Mixed/Other and 5.6% Asian patients. In conditional logistic regression analyses, Black and Mixed/Other ethnicity were associated with higher admission risk than white (OR 3.12 [95% CI 2.63-3.71] and 2.97 [2.30- 3.85] respectively). Adjustment for comorbidities and deprivation modestly attenuated the association (OR 2.28 [1.87-2.79] for Black, 2.66 [2.01-3.52] for Mixed/Other). Asian ethnicity was not associated with higher admission risk (OR 1.20 [0.86-1.66]). In the cohort study of 1827 patients, 455 (28.9%) died over a median (IQR) of 8 (4-16) days. Age and male sex, but not Black (adjusted HR 0.84 [0.63-1.11]) or Mixed/Other ethnicity (adjusted HR 0.69 [0.43-1.10]), were associated with in-hospital mortality. Asian ethnicity was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 1.54 [0.98-2.41]). Conclusions. Black and Mixed ethnicity are independently associated with greater admission risk with COVID-19 and may be risk factors for development of severe disease. Comorbidities and socioeconomic factors only partly account for this and additional ethnicity-related factors may play a large role. The impact of COVID-19 may be different in Asians. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.08.20148965v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.08.20148965 id: cord-339506-pkusvf82 author: Zaki, N. title: The estimations of the COVID-19 incubation period: a systematic review of the literature date: 2020-05-23 words: 5969.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339506-pkusvf82.txt summary: One reason for this is that generally we can only discover the times when the patient was in contact with persons carrying the virus, and then assume that the incubation period runs from the earliest date of exposure to the appearance of clinical symptoms or medical diagnosis. et al [15] researched the early data regarding transmission dynamics for the virus in Wuhan, estimating the mean incubation period at 5.2 days (95% CI: 4.1-7.0), with the distribution''s 95 th percentile being 12.5 days. They took individual patient histories from COVID-19 subjects in China (not from Hubei Province) for estimating the distribution of the time for generation, incubation, and the time span between onset of symptoms and isolation/diagnosis. The researchers undertook analysis of clinical data for 34 subjects submitting to elective surgery during the COVID-19 incubation period at four Chinese hospitals (Renmin, Tongji, Zhongnan, and Central) in Wuhan between January 1 and February 5, 2020. abstract: Objective: to undertake a review and critical appraisal of all published/preprint reports that offer an estimation of incubation periods for novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Design: a rapid and systematic review/critical appraisal Data sources: COVID-19 Open Research Dataset supplied by Georgetown's Centre for Security and Emerging Technology as well as PubMed and Embase via Arxiv, medRxiv, and bioRxiv. Results: screening was undertaken 44,000 articles with a final selection of 25 studies referring to 18 different experimental projects related to the estimation of the incubation period of COVID-19. Findings: The majority of extant published estimates offer empirical evidence showing that the incubation period for the virus is a mean of 7.8 days, with a median of 5.01 days, which falls into the ranges proposed by the WHO (0 to 14 days) and the ECDC (2 to 12 days). Nevertheless, a number of authors proposed that quarantine time should be a minimum of 14 days and that for estimates of mortality risks a median time delay of 13 days between illness and mortality should be under consideration. It is unclear as to whether any correlation exists between the age of patients and the length of time they incubate the virus. Finally, it is generally agreed that robust precautions must be put in place for the prevention and/or mitigation of asymptomatic transmission to high-risk patients caused by those incubating the virus. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.20.20108340v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.20.20108340 id: cord-326421-ng1uhwgs author: Zalesky, C. Christopher title: Emergency Medicine Physician Work Environments During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-07 words: 1059.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326421-ng1uhwgs.txt summary: 1, 2 To better understand these conditions and their effects, we surveyed a nationwide cross-section of Emergency Medicine (EM) attending and resident physicians. We obtained a convenience sample of United States (US) EM physicians via the Emergency Medicine Residents'' Association email distribution list [AQ: How many email addresses are on this list]?. The survey included questions covering four topics: demographics, workplace environment, COVID-19 exposure, and a validated instrument on burnout and professional wellbeing -the Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI). We report several key differences in measures for respondents practicing in self-reported COVID-19 "hotspots." Not surprisingly, a greater proportion of physicians in hotspots had rationed medical resources compared with non-hotspot respondents (82% vs. Our survey suggests that a concerning proportion of emergency physicians have rationed medications, critical interventions, and basic PPE during the pandemic. This data is the result of a cross-sectional survey of emergency medicine physicians using the Emergency Medicine Resident''s Association (EMRA) email distribution list. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064420307460?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.007 id: cord-310769-y6orh217 author: Zaman, A. title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-08-25 words: 6611.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310769-y6orh217.txt summary: title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study Objective: The goal of this study is to examine, among college students in the United States, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. Conclusions: The results suggested strong discrepancies between college student groups with and without deteriorating mental health conditions in terms of behavioral changes in Google Search and YouTube usages during the COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. abstract: Background: Mental health problems among the global population are worsened during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Yet, current methods for screening mental health issues rely on in-person interviews, which can be expensive, time-consuming, blocked by social stigmas and quarantines. Meanwhile, how individuals engage with online platforms such as Google Search and YouTube undergoes drastic shifts due to COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns. Such ubiquitous daily behaviors on online platforms have the potential to capture and correlate with clinically alarming deteriorations in mental health profiles of users through a non-invasive manner. Objective: The goal of this study is to examine, among college students in the United States, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. Methods: This study recruited a cohort of undergraduate students (N=49) from a U.S. college campus during January 2020 (prior to the pandemic) and measured the anxiety and depression levels of each participant. The anxiety level was assessed via the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The depression level was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). This study followed up with the same cohort during May 2020 (during the pandemic), and the anxiety and depression levels were assessed again. The longitudinal Google Search and YouTube history data of all participants were anonymized and collected. From individual-level Google Search and YouTube histories, we developed 5 signals that can quantify shifts in online behaviors during the pandemic. We then assessed the differences between groups with and without deteriorating mental health profiles in terms of these features. Results: Of the 49 participants, 41% (n=20) of them reported a significant increase (increase in the PHQ-9 score > 5) in depression, denoted as DEP; 45% (n=22) of them reported a significant increase (increase in the GAD-7 score > 5) in anxiety, denoted as ANX. Of the 5 features proposed to quantify online behavior changes, statistical significances were found between the DEP and non-DEP groups for all of them (P<.01, effect sizes eta_{partial}^2 ranging between 0.130 to 0.320); statistical significances were found between the ANX and non-ANX groups for 4 of them (P<.02, effect sizes eta_{partial}^2 ranging between 0.115 to 0.231). Significant features included late-night online activities, continuous usages and time away from the internet, porn consumptions, and keywords associated with negative emotions, social activities, and personal affairs. Conclusions: The results suggested strong discrepancies between college student groups with and without deteriorating mental health conditions in terms of behavioral changes in Google Search and YouTube usages during the COVID-19. Though further studies are required, our results demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing pervasive online data to establish non-invasive surveillance systems for mental health conditions that bypasses many disadvantages of existing screening methods. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.22.20178640 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.22.20178640 id: cord-120442-qfgoue67 author: Zaman, Anis title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-09-05 words: 5875.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-120442-qfgoue67.txt summary: title: The Relationship between Deteriorating Mental Health Conditions and Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. In this study, we collected longitudinal individual-level Google Search and YouTube data from college students, and we measured their anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) levels before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. First, while most of the online behavioral features we developed showed significant differences between groups of students with and without deteriorating anxiety and depressive disorders during COVID-19, our study cohort only represented a small portion of the whole population suffering from mental health difficulties. abstract: Mental health problems among the global population are worsened during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). How individuals engage with online platforms such as Google Search and YouTube undergoes drastic shifts due to pandemic and subsequent lockdowns. Such ubiquitous daily behaviors on online platforms have the potential to capture and correlate with clinically alarming deteriorations in mental health profiles in a non-invasive manner. The goal of this study is to examine, among college students, the relationship between deteriorating mental health conditions and changes in user behaviors when engaging with Google Search and YouTube during COVID-19. This study recruited a cohort of 49 students from a U.S. college campus during January 2020 (prior to the pandemic) and measured the anxiety and depression levels of each participant. This study followed up with the same cohort during May 2020 (during the pandemic), and the anxiety and depression levels were assessed again. The longitudinal Google Search and YouTube history data were anonymized and collected. From individual-level Google Search and YouTube histories, we developed 5 signals that can quantify shifts in online behaviors during the pandemic. We then assessed the differences between groups with and without deteriorating mental health profiles in terms of these features. Significant features included late-night online activities, continuous usages, and time away from the internet, porn consumptions, and keywords associated with negative emotions, social activities, and personal affairs. Though further studies are required, our results demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing pervasive online data to establish non-invasive surveillance systems for mental health conditions that bypasses many disadvantages of existing screening methods. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09076v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-304115-xs54f295 author: Zamaniyan, Marzieh title: Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID‐19 pneumonia and vertical transmission date: 2020-04-17 words: 1793.0 sentences: 98.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304115-xs54f295.txt summary: Given the patient''s history and fever and cough, two nasal and throat swab samples were taken and tested to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 with SuperScript III Platinum, Quantitive Real-time PCR system Kits (Invitrogen company, USA) 4 . The RT-PCR tests was positive for amniotic fluid and neonate, suggesting the infant might have been affected intrauterine by COVID-19; therefore, once more, it raised the concerns regarding possible vertical transmission of the virus in mothers with serious illness. In some previous studies, the authors reported 21 healthy babies delivered by infected mothers to COVID-19, but they could not detect the virus in any of the feto-maternal parts namely placenta, amniotic fluid and cord blood [9] [10] [11] . The current case study, once again, raises concerns regarding possible vertical transmission of COVID-19 in pregnant women infected by SARS CoV-2 in contrast to the findings reported in some small studies published previously. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5713 doi: 10.1002/pd.5713 id: cord-257566-56h2jmn9 author: Zamboni, Paolo title: COVID-19 as a Vascular Disease: Lesson Learned from Imaging and Blood Biomarkers date: 2020-06-29 words: 5579.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257566-56h2jmn9.txt summary: The ultrasound imaging patterns at both the lung and peripheral vascular level can also be very useful weapons that have the advantage of being able to monitor longitudinally the clinical picture, something that real-time PCR/nasopharyngeal swab is not able to do and that CT can only pursue with significant radiation exposure. Indeed, of the 72,314 COVID-19 patients at the Wuhan University Hospital, only 62% had a positive swab-PCR [1] , with diagnosis in the remaining 38% of cases achieved through contact history, symptoms, blood chemistry tests and pulmonary CT. The introduction of the severity score leads us to prefer LUS to both swab-PCR and CT scan for the following clinical needs:  When following-up the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia, in situations where the use of a CT scan would expose the patient to an excess of radiation. abstract: COVID-19, a disease initially thought to be prominently an interstitial pneumonia with varying degrees of severity, can be considered a vascular disease with regards to serious complications and causes of mortality. Quite recently, blood clots have emerged as the common factor unifying many of the symptoms initially attributed without an explanation to COVID-19. Cardiovascular biomarkers and particularly, D-dimer and troponin appear to be very powerful prognostic markers, signaling the need for earlier and more aggressive interventions and treatments in order to avoid and/or minimize arterial/venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarct. The ultrasound imaging patterns at both the lung and peripheral vascular level can also be very useful weapons that have the advantage of being able to monitor longitudinally the clinical picture, something that real-time PCR/nasopharyngeal swab is not able to do and that CT can only pursue with significant radiation exposure. A lesson learned in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests quitting and starting again with targeted imaging and blood vascular biomarkers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32610564/ doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10070440 id: cord-276061-7b8h2sjw author: Zammit, M title: A rise in facial nerve palsies during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic date: 2020-10-01 words: 2478.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276061-7b8h2sjw.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: An increase in spontaneous lower motor neuron facial nerve (VIIth cranial nerve) palsies was seen during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak in our emergency clinic. • There was an increased incidence of spontaneous lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy in our emergency ENT clinic • Only two prior case reports have referenced an association between VIIth cranial nerve palsy and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) • Facial nerve palsy incidence of 3.5 per cent was seen in clinic during 2020, 2.7 times higher than the previous year at 1.3 per cent • A SARS-CoV-2 incidence of 11.8 per cent was seen in our cohort, contrasting with that of the Liverpool population of 0.5 per cent • It is important for clinicians to be aware that facial nerve palsy may be an initial presentation of the disease abstract: OBJECTIVE: An increase in spontaneous lower motor neuron facial nerve (VIIth cranial nerve) palsies was seen during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak in our emergency clinic. This led us to perform a single-centre cohort review. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of VIIth cranial nerve palsies from January to June 2020 and the findings were compared to those cases reviewed in the previous year. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 incidence of the cohort was compared with that of the Liverpool population. RESULTS: Our VIIth cranial nerve palsy incidence in the 2020 period was 3.5 per cent (30 out of 852), 2.7 higher than last year's rate of 1.3 per cent (14 out of 1081), which was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Two of the 17 patients in our cohort tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (11.8 per cent), contrasting with Liverpool's severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 incidence (0.5 per cent). CONCLUSION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may be responsible for an increased number of facial nerve palsies; it is important for clinicians to be aware that this may being an initial presentation of the disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120002121 doi: 10.1017/s0022215120002121 id: cord-252374-obl6pfpf author: Zaninotto, Martina title: Cardiac troponin I in SARS-CoV-2-patients: the additional prognostic value of serial monitoring date: 2020-10-01 words: 2956.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252374-obl6pfpf.txt summary: Aim of our study has been to investigate in COVID-19 patients the kinetics of release of cardiac troponin I and time course of its concentrations, measured with a high-sensitivity method (hs-TnI), in order to verify if serial measurements may provide additional and clinically useful information in identifying the underlying mechanisms of release and patients'' risk stratification and prognosis. Several papers in the recent literature have highlighted the complex interaction between the cardiovascular system and COVID-19, showing myocardial injury in 20 to 40% of hospitalized patients (14, 15) : heart failure, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), arrhythmia and myocarditis, the most frequent complications, are all associated with elevated cardiac troponins, evidenced in particular by high-sensitivity immunoassays (16, 17) . These results seem to provide clinically relevant and specific informations regarding the type and the severity of myocardial injury associated to COVID 19 disease (21, 22) , thus assuring additional clinical data for stratifying risk, establishing the prognosis, managing patients and gaining important epidemiological insight on cardiac involvement in SARS-CoV-2 patients (23, 24) . abstract: Background Major cardiac complications have been described in SARS-CoV-2 patients. The study of cardiac troponin’ kinetic release is the recommended approach to differentiate acute from chronic injury, in order to clinically manage different cardiac diseases. Aim To investigate whether serial measurements of high sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) might provide additional information in SARS-CoV-2 patients’s clinical management. Methods 113 consecutive patients suffering from microbiology proven SARS-CoV2-infection have been studied. Hs-cTnI has been measured in lithium-heparin plasma samples using STAT High Sensitive Troponin I (Architect i2000, Abbott Diagnostics), being 99th percentiles 16 and 34 ng/L for females and males respectively. Results In 69 out of 113 patients hs-cTnI has been measured, showing in 31 (45%) values higher than 99th percentiles in at least one occasion. In 50 patients (72%) a kinetic evaluation (at least 2 measurements during 24 h) has been carried out. Patients were subdivided into five groups: 1 (n=44) and 2 (n=19) no measurement of hs-cTnI or no monitoring respectively; 3 (n=15) no significant variations during monitoring; 4 (n=8) and 5 (n=27) significant variations with values persistently below or sometimes higher than 99th percentiles, respectively. Group 5 patients had a longer hospital stay (median 37 days, p=0.0001), a more aggressive disease (6 out of 27, 22%, died), more often need admission to ICU (n=25, 92.6%, p<0.0001), and show one or more peak values, sometime preceded by severe hypoxia. Conclusions In SARS-CoV-2 patients, hs-cTnI serial monitoring may provide additional data to stratify risk, establish prognosis and gaining epidemiological insight on cardiac involvement in this pandemic disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000989812030468X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.036 id: cord-322861-q7uk6rdp author: Zanon, Ezio title: How haemophilia A impacts severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) treatment: a case report date: 2020-07-16 words: 2114.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322861-q7uk6rdp.txt summary: Even if much more data are needed to ascertain the real thrombotic risk of haemophilia A in COVID-19 patients, it''s clear that the FVIII and vWF should be strictly monitored in order to promptly establish an adequate treatment and avoid the onset of thromboembolic events, even fatal, causing many deaths in COVID-19 patients. The Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET) suggests tailoring the therapy on the patient''s characteristics, using intermediate or therapeutic dosages of anticoagulants according to the pre-existing thromboembolic risk factors and to maintain the treatment for the duration of the hospitalization and, in the cases at high risk for VTE, even at discharge (5) . Here we are reporting a case of an elderly Italian patient with mild haemophilia A who was hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2). Our case showed that patients with mild haemophilia A presented a clinical course of COVID-19 similar to that of non-haemophilic patients, as coagulation parameters changed towards hypercoagulability as well (9) . abstract: The typical symptoms of COVID-19 mimic those of the common season flu. In addition, several changes in the coagulation processes have been observed. To date, it’s not fully clear how COVID-19 may affect patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. Anticoagulation in patients with haemophilia is still debated, but in this case could be needed. We are reporting a case of an elderly patient with mild haemophilia A hospitalized for Sars-Cov-2. On the 15th day of hospitalization, we observed an increase of all coagulation parameters. An antithrombotic prophylaxis at low dosage was immediately started, then increased at prophylactic dosage. Even if much more data are needed to ascertain the real thrombotic risk of haemophilia A in COVID-19 patients, it’s clear that the FVIII and vWF should be strictly monitored in order to promptly establish an adequate treatment and avoid the onset of thromboembolic events, even fatal, causing many deaths in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32676882/ doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02227-z id: cord-026806-pn4lwhr7 author: Zargar, Showkat Ali title: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during COVID: Do Some, Leave Most date: 2020-05-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7295292/ doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712337 id: cord-347548-h5fk64p8 author: Zarza, José title: Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection date: 2020-08-21 words: 1843.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347548-h5fk64p8.txt summary: title: Evans syndrome associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with SARS-COV-2 infection Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), which has sparked growing interest and concern in the international community. 1 We present a case of COVID-19 associated with Evans syndrome (hemolytic anemia plus thrombocytopenia, both with autoimmune causes) and antiphospholipid antibodies. With these findings, her diagnoses upon admission were SARS-COV-2 infection, SLE with associated antiphospholipid antibodies, and Evans syndrome. We present the case of a young patient who was apparently in good health but had a history of venous thrombosis of unknown cause in her childhood, which started with Evans syndrome and a high titer of antiphospholipid antibodies, in coincidence with a SARS-COV-2 infection. 4 Although the decreased platelet count is usually mild in COVID-19, some cases of severe thrombocytopenia have been reported in the context of disseminated intravascular coagulation in these patients. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2531137920301164 doi: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.08.003 id: cord-339935-tguhrqvz author: Zavattaro, Staci M. title: Introduction: COVID‐19 Viewpoint Symposium, Part II date: 2020-08-12 words: 2244.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339935-tguhrqvz.txt summary: Charbonneau and Doberstein (2020) consider work surveillance practices and their relationship to performance management With so many public servants being forced to shift to remote working from home in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such oversight is increasing in importance. The COVID-19 pandemic showed the crippling holes in existing MFM plans, and the authors, using lessons learned from the earthquake, recommend increased collaboration, psychological support, and network leads when it comes to developing viable MFM plans going forward. They offer economic development approaches requiring coordination, and like the other essays in this Viewpoint symposium offer a path for future research to see if these strategies work, such as active versus passive partnerships. Network of networks: preliminary lessons from the Antwerp Port Authority on crisis management and network governance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836466/ doi: 10.1111/puar.13290 id: cord-309931-cpzp33b3 author: Zawawi, Ayat title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination date: 2020-10-20 words: 4183.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt summary: As lowand middle-income countries shift increasingly to focus on identifying and treating COVID-19, questions are emerging about the impact this shift in focus will have on ongoing efforts to control other infectious diseases, such as malaria. This review discusses how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in lowand middle-income countries might impact these efforts, focusing in particular on the effects of co-infection and the use of antimalarial drugs used to treat malaria as therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. This review addresses this gap in the literature by discussing how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in low-and middle-income countries might impact efforts to control malaria. Despite the CQ and HCQ treatment potential for COVID-19, the use of these two drugs could pose many challenges in low-and middle-income countries and not just in malaria-endemic areas. abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has spread throughout the world and become the cause of the infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As low- and middle-income countries shift increasingly to focus on identifying and treating COVID-19, questions are emerging about the impact this shift in focus will have on ongoing efforts to control other infectious diseases, such as malaria. This review discusses how the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in low- and middle-income countries might impact these efforts, focusing in particular on the effects of co-infection and the use of antimalarial drugs used to treat malaria as therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673120300568?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00187 id: cord-328011-6lf3no6u author: Zayed, Hatem title: Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics date: 2020-08-14 words: 1449.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328011-6lf3no6u.txt summary: title: Vaccine Development Against COVID-19 Prior to Pandemic Outbreaks, Using in vitro Evolution and Reverse Genetics Since coronaviruses are increasing alarmingly, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine to prevent the spread of the virus during pandemic outbreaks, and stop deaths associated with the virulent COVID-19. We now know that SARS-CoV-2 shares 88% identity with two SARS-like coronaviruses (bat-SL-CoVZXC21 and bat-SL-CoVZC45) that both originated in China, and use the same human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor for cell entry during the process of infection (3). In response to such forewarnings from scientists, a predictive vaccine could have been designed and developed for the potential virus pandemic. Thereafter, during the time of pandemic, suitable stored transgenic cell lines could be used, based on the Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; VLP, virus-like particle; WHO, World Health Organization. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02051 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02051 id: cord-270799-2pmpspuj author: Zayet, Souheil title: Clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza: A comparative study on Nord Franche-Comte cluster date: 2020-06-16 words: 2849.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270799-2pmpspuj.txt summary: Fever or feeling of fever, fatigue, cough and pain 133 symptoms (myalgia, arthralgia and headache) were the fourth most prevalent symptoms for both 134 diseases (COVID-19 and influenza A/B) without significant statistical differences except for frontal 135 headache and other localization of headache. The onset of 145 these symptoms (from illness onset) didn''t differ between the two groups except for fever which 146 appeared earlier in COVID-19 than in influenza (respectively 1.9 days [±1.5] vs 2.7 days [±1.5], 147 p=0.045). However, we noticed two otorhinolaryngological symptoms recently described 169 with SARS-CoV-2: anosmia and dysgeusia, present in half of our patients. On the other hand, sore throat, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, sneezing, sputum production, 222 dyspnea, vomiting and rhonchi at pulmonary auscultation were more frequently described in 223 influenza group than COVID-19 group with statistically significant differences. abstract: Clinical descriptions about influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in COVID-19 seem non-specific. We aimed to compare the clinical features of COVID-19 and influenza. We retrospectively investigated the clinical features and outcomes of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and influenza in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital between February 26(th) and March 14(th) 2020. We used SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and influenza virus A/B RT-PCR in respiratory samples to confirm the diagnosis. We included 124 patients. The mean age was 59(±19[19-98]) years with 69% female. 70 patients with COVID-19 and 54 patients with influenza A/B. Regarding age, sex and comorbidities, no differences were found between the two groups except a lower Charlson index in COVID-19 group (2[±2.5] vs 3[±2.4],p=0.003). Anosmia (53% vs 17%,p<0.001), dysgeusia (49% vs 20%,p=0.001), diarrhea (40% vs 20%,p=0.021), frontal headache (26% vs 9%,p=0.021) and bilateral cracklings sounds (24% vs 9%,p=0.034) were statistically more frequent in COVID-19. Sputum production (52% vs 29%,p=0.010), dyspnea (59% vs 34%,p=0.007), sore throat (44% vs 20%,p=0.006), conjunctival hyperhemia (30% vs 4%,p<0.001), tearing (24% vs 6%,p=0.004), vomiting (22% vs 3%,p=0.001) and rhonchi sounds (17% vs 1%,p=0.002) were more frequent with influenza infection. We described several clinical differences which can help the clinicians during the co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1286457920300940 doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.016 id: cord-353628-f6ew980g author: Zayet, Souheil title: Encephalopathy in patients with COVID‐19: ‘Causality or coincidence?’ date: 2020-05-19 words: 1521.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353628-f6ew980g.txt summary: Since its discovery in December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused several clinical presentations: mainly respiratory, rarely gastrointestinal, and exceptionally neurological. In addition to the usual symptoms (general, respiratory and otorhinolaryngological) of the infection with SARS-CoV-2, several authors have described neurological manifestations as headache, nausea, and vomiting. These viruses can invade brainstem via a synapse-connected route from the lungs and airways 9 .Considering the high similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and others CoVs 10 , it is still not clearly known whether the potential neuro-invasion of SARS-CoV2 is partially responsible for respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 9,11,12 . Therefore, in the context of COVID pandemic, it would be reasonable to perform a thoracic CT and a RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in case of encephalopathy with normal lumbar puncture and brain imaging. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients abstract: The main tropism of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is respiratory. Increasing evidences show that SARS‐CoV‐2 is not always confined to the respiratory tract but can also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and induce neurological diseases. We report two cases illustrating this phenomenon. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32427357/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26027 id: cord-346100-j105jmmg author: Zehra, Syeda Sakina title: An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] date: 2020-08-20 words: 397.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346100-j105jmmg.txt summary: title: An Insight into Weighing the Impact of Draconian Measures in the Battle Against COVID-19 [Letter] 5 In conclusion, we agree that draconian measures have benefitted nations against COVID-19, but on the other side of the coin, it has come at a price. Let''s stop the Draconian visiting restrictions medscape The content of the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare ''letters to the editor'' section does not necessarily represent the views of Dove Medical Press, its officers, agents, employees, related entities or the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare editors. The Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare is an international, peerreviewed open-access journal that aims to represent and publish research in healthcare areas delivered by practitioners of different disciplines. This includes studies and reviews conducted by multidisciplinary teams as well as research which evaluates the results or conduct of such teams or healthcare processes in general. The journal covers a very wide range of areas and welcomes submissions from practitioners at all levels, from all over the world. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903968/ doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s273816 id: cord-035142-axyjd96e author: Zein, Joe G. title: Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 date: 2020-09-17 words: 283.0 sentences: 23.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035142-axyjd96e.txt summary: key: cord-035142-axyjd96e authors: Zein, Joe G.; Whelan, Georgina; Erzurum, Serpil C. title: Safety of influenza vaccine during COVID-19 journal: nan cord_uid: axyjd96e nan Quantifying social distancing arising from pandemic influenza Association of use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers with testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) The Guillain-Barre syndrome and the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 influenza vaccines Association between seasonal influenza vaccination in 2008-2009 and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection among school students from Kobe Association between the 2008-09 seasonal influenza vaccine and pandemic H1N1 illness during Spring-Summer 2009: four observational studies from Canada Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection Two unadjuvanted split virion, inactivated, quadrivalent influenza vaccines were provided to patients in 2019. A high-dose vaccine was given to patients 65 years and older The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653482/ doi: 10.1017/cts.2020.543 id: cord-301281-yur5hs2h author: Zelek, Wioleta M. title: Complement Inhibition with the C5 Blocker LFG316 in Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-11-01 words: 1671.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301281-yur5hs2h.txt summary: We here report the contribution of complement activation and impact of complement blockade in severe COVID-19, defined as marked respiratory impairment requiring intensive care and ventilation support. Five patients were selected, based on high levels of TCC (above the mean 1 2 SD for controls; 7.14 mg/L) and either treatment failure (patients 1-3) or failure to improve (patients 4 and 5) where death was not considered imminent (clinical judgement), for inclusion in a compassionate use study of complement blockade using LFG316 (tesidolumab; Novartis Managed Access Program), a C5-blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) that prevents generation of the proinflammatory effectors C5a and membrane attack complex (6) . We describe a preliminary evaluation of the potential benefit of C5 blockade in severe COVID-19; we show that the C5-blocking mAb LFG316 could be administered in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19; a single dose of LFG316 blocked C5 activity and complement activation for at least 4 days in all treated patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32897730/ doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2778le id: cord-296773-5o4hr6ir author: Zeneli, A. title: Mitigating strategies and nursing response for cancer care management during the COVID‐19 pandemic: an Italian experience date: 2020-10-02 words: 4696.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296773-5o4hr6ir.txt summary: In the early phase of the pandemic, the search of emerging literature was aimed at finding peer-reviewed information needed to keep nursing teams and other healthcare professionals upto-date in the following areas: disease physiopathology and symptoms, ways of person-to-person transmission; evidence or recommendations on infection prevention and control precaution measures; epidemiology, reusable equipment and environmental cleaning procedures, diagnostic tests, efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and communication strategies in healthcare organizations during health emergency events. Patient, caregiver and employee safety, patient health outcomes, use of resources Adopted strategies and instruments for achieving goals Risk assessment to screen those with flu-like symptoms and refer them to their general practitioner for early communication, isolation and treatment for COVID-19 to prevent severe disease; telephone triage of patients before planning their visit to hospital; triaging patients and their caregivers before their access to cancer services; Continuity of essential services, appropriate case management Communication instruments abstract: AIM: To describe our response to the COVID‐19 emergency in a cancer centre to enable other nursing organizations to determine which elements could be useful to manage a surge of patients in their own setting. BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic represents one of the most challenging healthcare scenarios faced to date. Managing cancer care in such a complex situation requires a coordinated emergency action plan to guarantee the continuity of cancer treatments for patients by providing healthcare procedures for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals in a safe environment. PROCEDURES: We describe the main strategies and role of nurses in implementating such procedures. RESULTS: Nurses at our hospital were actively involved in COVID‐19 response defined by the emergency action plan that positively contributed to correct social distancing and to the prevention of the spread of the virus. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICIES: Lessons learned from the response to phase I of COVID‐19 have several implications for future nursing and health policies in which nurses play an active role through their involvement in the frontline of such events. Key policies include a coordinated emergency action plan permitting duty of care within the context of a pandemic, and care pathway revision. This requires the rapid implementation of strategies and policies for a nursing response to the new care scenarios: personnel redistribution, nursing workflow revision, acquisition of new skills and knowledge, effective communication strategies, infection control policies, risk assessment and surveillance programmes, and continuous supplying of personal protective equipment. Finally, within a pandemic context, clear nursing policies reinforcing the role of nurses as patient and caregiver educators are needed to promote infection prevention behaviour in the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12625 doi: 10.1111/inr.12625 id: cord-275185-9br8lwma author: Zeng, Hao title: The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series date: 2020-10-06 words: 6613.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275185-9br8lwma.txt summary: Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and indicators for liver function. Herein, we performed a retrospective observational study involving eight critical or severe patients with COVID-19 from four designated hospitals in the southwest region of China, aiming to explore the potential efficacy and safety of CP therapy, and to provide more evidence for the quality control of donated plasma and reasonable clinical application of CP transfusion. 23 Assessing the effects of neutralizing activity of CP on the patients'' clinical efficacy, we found that patients treated by CP with high NAT50 (>1:640) had more obvious improvement than patients receiving low NAT50 value (≤1:640) of CP, including shorter negative conservation time of viral RNA, and higher increment of IgG level after CP transfusion. abstract: Convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion has been indicated as a promising therapy in the treatment for other emerging viral infections. However, the quality control of CP and individual variation in patients in different studies make it rather difficult to evaluate the efficacy and risk of CP therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to explore the potential efficacy of CP therapy, and to assess the possible factors associated with its efficacy. We enrolled eight critical or severe COVID-19 patients from four centers. Each patient was transfused with 200–400 mL of CP from seven recovered donors. The primary indicators for clinical efficacy assessment were the changes of clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, and radiological image after CP transfusion. CP donors had a wide range of antibody levels measured by serology tests which were to some degree correlated with the neutralizing antibody (NAb) level. No adverse events were observed during and after CP transfusion. Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and indicators for liver function. The clinical efficacy might be associated with CP transfusion time, transfused dose, and the NAb levels of CP. This study indicated that CP might be a potential therapy for severe patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00329-x doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00329-x id: cord-352823-1os3kwp1 author: Zeng, Hui title: The strategies of perioperative management in orthopedic department during the pandemic of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 3072.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352823-1os3kwp1.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that medical quality and efficiency were affected little with the help of strategies described above during the epidemic, which could be a reference tool for medical staff in routine clinical practice for admission of patients around the world. Orthopedic surgeons performed the superiority of accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients, summarized how to carry out the clinical practice of orthopedic surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the COVID-19, and minimized the risk of infection exposure. Meanwhile, we hope that it could provide more treatment model schemes for colleagues and share the flow charts of management for patients during the breakout of pandemic, including prevention and control measures for staff, operating rooms, and surgical instruments, which may be beneficial for medical staff (Fig. 1) . In relationship with orthopedic diseases during the epidemic, related prevention and control, clinical recommendations, diagnosis and treatment, clinical management, health care personnel protection, and disinfection were applied soon in our hospital. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has broken out and spread rapidly nationwide at the beginning of 2020, which has brought huge impacts to people and work. The current situation of prevention and control is severe and urges guidance for clinicians, especially for medical systems. In the hope of providing a reference and recommendation for the prevention and control of the COVID-19, we carried out research to improve the quality of patient care and prevention during this epidemic. METHODS: All of the staff were trained rapidly to master personal protection in our department. We reviewed the patients’ discharged records who underwent surgery in our department during January 1 to March 1, 2019, and January 1 to March 1, 2020. The management of the surgery patients and flow charts were described and analyzed. Post-operation outcomes of the patients include duration, complications, surgical site infection (SSI), system infection, re-operation, and mortality. Both chi-squared test and Student’s t test were performed to determine the relationship between the two periods in terms of post-operation outcomes. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics analysis revealed that demographic of the patients between the two periods is similar. We had benefited from the strict flowcharts, smart robot, and protection equipment during the perioperative managements for orthopedic patients. With the help of the strict flow charts and smart equipment, post-operation outcomes of the patients revealed that the rates of the complications and re-operation had been reduced significantly (p < 0.05), while duration of operation, SSI, and system infection had no significant difference between two periods (p > 0.05). No patient and staff caught COVID-19 infection or mortality during the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that medical quality and efficiency were affected little with the help of strategies described above during the epidemic, which could be a reference tool for medical staff in routine clinical practice for admission of patients around the world. What is more, the provided strategies, which may evolve over time, could be used as empirical guidance and reference for orthopedic peers to get through the pandemic and ensure the normal operation of the hospital. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059739/ doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01978-y id: cord-285533-f1fonmo6 author: Zeng, Jia title: Clinical efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-06 words: 2885.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285533-f1fonmo6.txt summary: The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (7(th) Edition) includes tocilizumab as a recommended drug for immunotherapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Some studies [3] [4] [5] have found that the main pathophysiological basis of COVID-19 causing respiratory failure and even hypoxic death, is immune cells released by mononuclear/macrophage cells after infection with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the blood which further activate the body''s immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, etc.) or non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells), causing these cells to release a large number of cytokines (cytokine storm), thereby seriously destroying the ventilation function of lungs. The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (7 th Edition) includes tocilizumab as a recommended drug for immunotherapy in patients with severe COVID-19 [6, 7] . The results showed that after tocilizumab treatment, the lymphocyte count and oxygenation index of the improved patients increased significantly, while CRP and FIB showed an overall downward trend. abstract: BACKGROUND: The main pathophysiological basis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causing respiratory failure is a cytokine storm and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important component of the COVID-19 cytokine storm. As a specific antagonist of IL-6, tocilizumab may block the cytokine storm of COVID-19. The Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (7(th) Edition) includes tocilizumab as a recommended drug for immunotherapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. However, the specific clinical efficacy of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19 patients is worth studying. AIM: To determine the clinical efficacy of tocilizumab in inhibiting the cytokine storm in COVID-19. METHODS: In total, 19 severe and critical COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study, and were treated with tocilizumab in Optical Valley Campus of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from February 20 to March 31, 2020. The imaging manifestations and clinical data before and after treatment were analyzed retrospectively, including routine peripheral venous blood tests, routine blood biochemical tests, coagulation test, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and arterial blood gas analysis. RESULTS: Of the 19 patients in this group, 13 (68.4%) had significantly improved symptoms of COVID-19 (5 patients were discharged directly and 8 patients were transferred after improvement) following treatment. One case was invalid, 1 case was exacerbated, and 4 deaths (21.1%) were observed (all critical cases). The lymphocyte count, CRP, lactic acid, oxygenation index, fibrinogen (FIB) and IL-6 levels were significantly different in the improved group. CONCLUSION: Tocilizumab treatment is effective against IL-6 in COVID-19 patients, but it does not completely inhibit the inflammation and cytokine storm in all patients with COVID-19.In the clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients, attention should be paid to the timing of drug administration and other adjuvant treatments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953852/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3763 id: cord-252284-cgdcsazr author: Zeng, Jia-Hui title: First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights date: 2020-04-10 words: 1988.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252284-cgdcsazr.txt summary: CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. Bedside echocardiography showed an enlarged left ventricle (61 mm), diffuse myocardial dyskinesia along with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (32%), pulmonary hypertension (44 mmHg), and no decrease in right cardiac function (Figs. Recently published COVID-19 studies have shown that cardiac complications, including heart failure, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction, are not uncommon, and the proportion of people with increased Trop I in severe cases is higher than other cases [3, 4] . In this case, the patient had the following features: sudden onset, obvious symptoms of viral infection, rapid emergence of severe hemodynamic disorders, severe myocardial injury, and diffuse decreased ventricular wall movement. In this case, the patient had no history of heart disease; therefore, the decreased cardiac function was likely to be caused by COVID-19. COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been demonstrated to be the cause of pneumonia. Nevertheless, it has not been reported as the cause of acute myocarditis or fulminant myocarditis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old male was admitted with pneumonia and cardiac symptoms. He was genetically confirmed as having COVID-19 according to sputum testing on the day of admission. He also had elevated troponin I (Trop I) level (up to 11.37 g/L) and diffuse myocardial dyskinesia along with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography. The highest level of interleukin-6 was 272.40 pg/ml. Bedside chest radiographs showed typical ground-glass changes indicative of viral pneumonia. Laboratory test results for viruses that cause myocarditis were all negative. The patient conformed to the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese expert consensus statement for fulminant myocarditis. After receiving antiviral therapy and mechanical life support, Trop I was reduced to 0.10 g/L, and interleukin-6 was reduced to 7.63 pg/mL. Moreover, the LVEF of the patient gradually recovered to 68%. The patient died of aggravation of secondary infection on the 33rd day of hospitalization. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myocarditis and heart failure. This is the first report of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis. The mechanism of cardiac pathology caused by COVID-19 needs further study. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5 doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01424-5 id: cord-313268-j51zyodw author: Zeng, Xiangxiang title: Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning date: 2020-07-12 words: 4081.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313268-j51zyodw.txt summary: Using Amazon''s AWS computing resources and a network-based, deep-learning framework, we identified 41 repurposable drugs (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) whose therapeutic associations with COVID-19 were validated by transcriptomic and proteomics data in SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and data from ongoing clinical trials. 10−12 Deep learning has also recently demonstrated its better performance than classic machine learning methods to assist drug repurposing, 13 −16 yet without foreknowledge of the complex networks connecting drugs, targets, SARS-CoV-2, and diseases, the development of affordable approaches for the effective treatment of COVID-19 is challenging. Via systematic validation using transcriptomics and proteomics data generated from SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and the ongoing clinical trial data, we successfully identified 41 drug candidates that can be further tested in large-scale randomized control trials for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Using Amazon''s AWS computing resources, we identified 41 high-confidence repurposed drug candidates (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) for COVID-19, which were validated by an enrichment analysis of gene expression and proteomics data in SARS-CoV-2 infected human cells. abstract: [Image: see text] There have been more than 2.2 million confirmed cases and over 120 000 deaths from the human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), in the United States alone. However, there is currently a lack of proven effective medications against COVID-19. Drug repurposing offers a promising route for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19. This study reports an integrative, network-based deep-learning methodology to identify repurposable drugs for COVID-19 (termed CoV-KGE). Specifically, we built a comprehensive knowledge graph that includes 15 million edges across 39 types of relationships connecting drugs, diseases, proteins/genes, pathways, and expression from a large scientific corpus of 24 million PubMed publications. Using Amazon’s AWS computing resources and a network-based, deep-learning framework, we identified 41 repurposable drugs (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) whose therapeutic associations with COVID-19 were validated by transcriptomic and proteomics data in SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells and data from ongoing clinical trials. Whereas this study by no means recommends specific drugs, it demonstrates a powerful deep-learning methodology to prioritize existing drugs for further investigation, which holds the potential to accelerate therapeutic development for COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654489/ doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00316 id: cord-268531-igjeai8c author: Zerah, Lorène title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-08-26 words: 4030.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268531-igjeai8c.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 821 Older Patients With SARS-Cov-2 Infection Admitted to Acute Care Geriatric Wards: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study On multivariate analysis, at COVID-19 onset, the probability of in-hospital mortality was increased with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% CI 1.30–2.63), ADL score <4 (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.25–2.70), asthenia (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.08–2.32), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2 (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.64–4.22), and specific COVID-19 anomalies on chest computerized tomography (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.07–6.46). Although age has been widely reported as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death, no large geriatric cohort of older patients hospitalized in a geriatric ward has been described. The objective of this multicentric French retrospective study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a large cohort of older patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to acute care geriatric wards and to determine the prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality. abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited information describing the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHOD: We conducted a multicentric retrospective cohort study in 13 acute COVID-19 geriatric wards, from March 13 to April 15, 2020, in Paris area. All consecutive patients aged 70 years and older, with confirmed COVID-19, were enrolled. RESULTS: Of the 821 patients included in the study, the mean (SD) age was 86 (7) years; 58% were female; 85% had ≥2 comorbidities; 29% lived in an institution; and the median [interquartile range] Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) score was 4 [2–6]. The most common symptoms at COVID-19 onset were asthenia (63%), fever (55%), dyspnea (45%), dry cough (45%), and delirium (25%). The in-hospital mortality was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27–33). On multivariate analysis, at COVID-19 onset, the probability of in-hospital mortality was increased with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% CI 1.30–2.63), ADL score <4 (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.25–2.70), asthenia (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.08–2.32), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2 (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.64–4.22), and specific COVID-19 anomalies on chest computerized tomography (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.07–6.46). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new information about older patients with COVID-19 who are hospitalized. A quick bedside evaluation at admission of sex, functional status, systolic arterial pressure, consciousness, respiratory rate, and asthenia can identify older patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32845301/ doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa210 id: cord-281106-vzb5xzza author: Zerwes, S. title: COVID-19-Infektion – Risiko für thrombembolische Komplikationen date: 2020-09-01 words: 1929.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281106-vzb5xzza.txt summary: According to current data, the risk of thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is significantly increased, making thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin necessary. Neben den bekannten Ursachen der Thromboseentstehung, wurden bei der COVID-Erkrankung spezielle Pathomechanismen beobachtet, die zur Bildung von Thrombosen sowohl im venösen als auch im arteriellen System beitragen können. Auch wenn die Mechanismen noch nicht in Ihrer Gesamtheit erfasst sind, so ist bereits jetzt ersichtlich, dass die thrombembolischen Komplikationen im Zusammenhang mit dem SARS-CoV-2-Virus auf eine exzessive Inflammationsreaktion, Veränderung von Blutflusseigenschaften, direkte virusbedingte Thrombozytenaktivierung und Endothelschädigung zurückzuführen sind [3] . Diese Hypothese wird von nahezu allen bisher publizierten Arbeiten zu thrombembolischen Ereignissen bei COVID-19-Patienten postuliert und könnte eine Erklärung für die deutlich erhöhte Anzahl von TVT bieten [1, 7, 17, 28, 39] . Eine einheitliche Nomenklatur besteht noch nicht, die Pu-blikationmitdergrößtenSerie benennt es als "Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2" (PIMS-TS) [36] . abstract: While the COVID-19 syndrome triggered by the SARS CoV‑2 was initially seen predominantly as a pulmonary disease, the number of reports of vascular complications has recently increased. The aim of the present review article is to summarize the most relevant vascular complications in COVID-19 patients. These include venous and arterial thromboembolic events as well as local thromboses, which can form directly on the endothelium at the site of cytokine release. A generalized coagulopathy also appears to promote this thrombogenic condition. With a rate of approximately 20%, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg is one of the most common thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment. In addition, arterial events, such as stroke or acute coronary syndrome were also observed in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing vascular disease. Children rarely have vascular complications, but a systemic immune response similar to the Kawasaki syndrome and toxic shock syndrome has been reported. According to current data, the risk of thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is significantly increased, making thrombosis prophylaxis with low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin necessary. If pharmaceutical thrombosis prophylaxis is contraindicated, intermittent pneumatic compression should be used. In addition, in patients admitted to the hospital with suspected or proven SARS-CoV‑2 infection, the determination of D‑dimers and, in the case of positive results, broad indication for compression sonography of the deep leg veins are recommended. This allows to detect and treat DVT at an early stage. The treatment of thromboses should be carried out according to current guidelines with therapeutic anticoagulation. Further studies and registries are needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905019/ doi: 10.1007/s00772-020-00687-4 id: cord-032757-4nqg9m74 author: Zhan, Bingyan title: Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-08-17 words: 2147.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032757-4nqg9m74.txt summary: title: Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) OBJECT: To study chest computed tomography (CT) findings in family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On chest CT, 14 patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral lung lesions. Through the study of patients with COVID-19, we have reached a preliminary understanding of the significance of familial clustering and imaging changes in diagnosis. Cases of family clustered COVID-19 showed bilateral involvement in chest radiographs, subpleural involvement and ground-glass opacity on chest CT (P < 0.05) (Figures 1-4) . [5] [6] [7] There were many similarities in chest CT between cases of family clustered and sporadic COVID-19. Family clustered and sporadic COVID-19 cases showed different changes on chest CT. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. abstract: OBJECT: To study chest computed tomography (CT) findings in family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Twenty-one patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled at the West District Qingdao Municipal Hospital, the Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province and Jiaozhou Central Hospital. Eleven were family clustered cases and 10 were sporadic cases not associated with family gatherings. RESULTS: Ten patients were male and 11 were female. The time elapsed onset of fever and cough to diagnosis was 3 to 7 days. The body temperatures of patients fluctuated between 36.7 and 38.9°C. One elderly female patient had no fever. On chest CT, 14 patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral lung lesions. By contrast, 7 patients with no history of familial gatherings showed single lung exudative lesions or consolidation. Seven patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral multiple exudative lesions. Four patients with no history of familial gathering had unilateral lesions. CONCLUSION: Not all patients with COVID-19 have direct epidemiological links to an infected case. They may become infected because of poor protection. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. In some patients, symptoms may be complicated by influenza virus infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7506786/ doi: 10.1177/0300060520945893 id: cord-320860-qt84oicg author: Zhang, Aining title: Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 words: 2359.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320860-qt84oicg.txt summary: title: Meta-Analysis of coagulation parameters associated with disease severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 However, a recent study suggested that the characteristics of COVID-19-associated J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f coagulopathy(CAC) are different from clotting disorders caused by bacterial infections and other diseases. In order to explore the relationship between coagulopathy and the severity and prognosis of the disease, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the difference in blood coagulation parameters among COVID-19 patients. Our exclusion criteria included (1) asymptomatic patients; J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f (2) studies without reporting coagulation parameters; (3) systematic reviews, metaanalyses, editorials and other forms not presenting original data. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis abstract: Background To figure out whether abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in patients with 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of sciences until April 25, 2020. We included a total of 15 studies with 2277 patients. Platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer (D-D) and fibrinogen (FIB) were collected and analyzed. The statistical results were expressed the effect measure by mean difference (MD) with the related 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The PLT level of severe patients was lower than that of mild patients, while the levels of PT, D-D and FIB were higher than those of mild patients (P < 0.05). The level of APTT had no statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to Non-ICU patients, PT of ICU patients was significantly longer (P < 0.05). In Non-survivors, PT and D-D were higher, yet PLT was lower than survivors (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in APTT between survivors and Non-survivors (P > 0.05). The funnel plot and Egger's Regression test demonstrated that there was no publication bias. Conclusions Our data support the notion that coagulopathy could be considered as a risk factor for disease severity and mortality of COVID-19, which may help clinicians to identify the incidence of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220307372?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.021 id: cord-350066-xwf7u4n5 author: Zhang, Baozhen title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-02 words: 2704.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350066-xwf7u4n5.txt summary: title: Acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis [12] In total, 303 ongoing clinical trials concerning the assessment of the therapeutic safety and efficacy for COVID-19 patients have been launched in China by March 1, 2020, 50 of which focus on TCM, including 14 clinical trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine. The recent systematic review and meta-analysis show that acupuncture can relieve breathlessness in subjects with advanced diseases. [16] Therefore, in this meta-analysis review, our goal is to systematically review the efficacy of acupuncture in relieving breathlessness, subsequently improving the physiological function and quality of life of patients with COVID-19 combined with dyspnea. First, it is the first systematic review concerning the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19. The effectiveness of acupuncture in prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting-a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, accumulative attention has been paid to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to its global prevalence. Acupuncture may play a beneficial role in patients with breathlessness in COVID-19. This study is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for breathlessness in COVID-19. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be searched from 7 electronic databases, with the last search update being 30 June 2020. Studies by registers of clinical trials will be additionally searched. Two investigators will independently select studies, extract data and evaluate study quality. Finally, a meta-analysis will be used to evaluate the pooled intervention effect if possible. RESULTS: Our present findings will indicate the application of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for dyspnea in COVID-19, which will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our study will provide a reference foundation for clinical optimization of treatment. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020182323. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32629642/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020701 id: cord-253648-n13sgorb author: Zhang, C. title: The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions date: 2020-07-30 words: 8091.0 sentences: 526.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253648-n13sgorb.txt summary: Moreover, a large-scale satellite data was combined with these data with a regression analysis model to explore effects of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 spreading, as well as the possible transmission risk due to temperature change driven by seasonal cycles. By explicitly controlling for socialeconomics variables and government interventions, we found that every degree Celsius increase in daily average temperature of 6-day lag results in a 2.88% decrease in new daily cases fraction (supplementary Table S2 ) and a 0.1 percent point decrease in R0 (supplementary Table S3 ). There are a number of obvious confounding factors (e.g., active case fraction, economic development, population concentration 25 , age structure 26 , geographic conditions 27 , and government intervention 18 ) that affect the transmission of an epidemic, so they should be controlled in the regression analysis. abstract: Weather condition may impact COVID-19 transmission. The effects of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission are not clear due to the difficulties in separating impacts of social distancing. We collected COVID-19 data and social-economic features of 1236 regions in the world (1112 regions at the provincial level and 124 countries with small land area). Moreover, a large-scale satellite data was combined with these data with a regression analysis model to explore effects of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 spreading, as well as the possible transmission risk due to temperature change driven by seasonal cycles. The result showed every degree Celsius increase in average temperature appears to cause a 2.88% decrease in the fraction of new daily cases 6 days later and a 0.62 percent point decrease in the reproductive number (R0). Every percentage point increase in relative humidity is found to lead to a 0.19% decrease in the fraction of new daily cases and a 0.02 percent point decrease in R0 6 days later. Further, the effect of temperature and humidity is near to linear based on our samples. Government intervention (e.g. lockdown policies) and lower population movement contributed to the decrease the new daily case ratio. The conclusions withstand several robustness checks, such as observation scales and maximum/minimum temperature. The conclusion indicates air temperature and relative humidity are shown to be negatively correlated with COVID-19 transmission throughout the world. Given the diversity in both climate and social-economic conditions, the risk of transmission varies globally and possibly amplifies existing global health inequalities. Weather conditions are not the decisive factor in COVID-19 transmission, in that government intervention as well as public awareness, could contribute to the mitigation of the spreading of the virus. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.29.20164152v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.29.20164152 id: cord-330788-2wsn8t2r author: Zhang, Caiyun title: The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Teenagers in China date: 2020-10-08 words: 4797.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330788-2wsn8t2r.txt summary: The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teenagers and adolescents is substantial, causing more than one fifth of Chinese junior high and high school students to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The present study sought to examine depressive, anxiety, stress, and trauma-related distress symptoms in a sample of junior high and high school students. abstract: PURPOSE: The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to adolescent psychological health. The aim of this study was to survey junior high and high school students in China to better understand the psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey using structural questionnaires was conducted from April 7, 2020, to April 24, 2020. Demographic information and general information related to the pandemic were collected. Psychological consequences were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Influencing factors were assessed by the Brief Resilience Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. RESULTS: Our sample comprised 493 junior high school students (male = 239, mean age = 13.93 years) and 532 high school students (male = 289, mean age = 17.08 years). Resilience and positive coping were protective factors for the occurrence of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in junior high and high school students (p < .05). Positive coping was a protective factor for trauma-related distress in junior high school students (p < .05). Negative coping is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, and trauma-related distress in junior high and high school students (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic in China, more than one fifth of junior high and high school students' mental health was affected. Our findings suggested that resilience and positive coping lead to better psychological and mental health status among students. In contrast, negative coping is a risk factor for mental health. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1054139X20305097 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.026 id: cord-327028-dbvucvy3 author: Zhang, Cantong title: Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-04-10 words: 1898.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327028-dbvucvy3.txt summary: To reduce the case‐fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. Furthermore, we list a table to conclude the mechanism, advantages, and limitations for different treatments mentioned in this review (Table 2) The mechanism of remdesivir against the virus showed that the drug effectively inhibited the Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of specific treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to learn from the experience and lessons in China. To reduce the case‐fatality rate among coronavirus disease 2019 patients, we should not ignore the complications, such as RNAaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction. To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. As a result, we suggest that antiviral therapy and organ function support are vital to reduce mortality for mild patients and critical patients, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32219882/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25788 id: cord-273349-penb65x7 author: Zhang, Chao title: Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-05-31 words: 1541.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273349-penb65x7.txt summary: The severity, mortality, and incidence of complications in these patients, including secondary infection, hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and liver failure, need to be examined in large-cohort clinical studies. As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread from China to other countries, governments and the medical community are taking steps to prevent transmission, from common sense recommendations to radical quarantine measures. SARS-associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalised patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30057-1 doi: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30057-1 id: cord-253456-u9num2o9 author: Zhang, Che title: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series date: 2020-06-16 words: 4540.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253456-u9num2o9.txt summary: Suspected patients with clinical and/or radiological features of pneumonia were quarantined prior to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection according to WHO guidelines for cases with suspected infection [8] as well as the instructions from the Pediatric Branch of the Hubei Medical Association for pediatric cases [9] . Specifically, suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection should meet 1 of the following criteria [10] : (1) at least 1 clinical symptom, including fever, expectation, tachypnea, lethargy, poor feeding, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea; (2) chest radiologic abnormalities consistent with viral pneumonia. Patients were discharged when all the following criteria were met [10] : (1) fever had recovered for at least 3 days; (2) upper respiratory symptoms were alleviated; (3) the exudative lesion was alleviated significantly according to radiological evidence; (4) negative results were obtained for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in 2 consecutive tests performed with an interval of 24 hours. abstract: BACKGROUND: As of April 18, 2020, over 2,000,000 patients had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) globally, and more than 140,000 deaths had been reported. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients have been documented recently. However, information on pediatric patients is limited. We describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients to provide valuable insight into the early diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19 in children. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This retrospective, observational study involves a case series performed at 4 hospitals in West China. Thirty-four pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included from January 27 to February 23, 2020. The final follow-up visit was completed by March 16, 2020. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed on the basis of demographic data, medical history, laboratory tests, radiological findings, and treatment information. Data analysis was performed for 34 pediatrics patients with COVID-19 aged from 1 to 144 months (median 33.00, interquartile range 10.00–94.25), among whom 14 males (41%) were included. All the patients in the current study presented mild (18%) or moderate (82%) forms of COVID-19. A total of 48% of patients were noted to be without a history of exposure to an identified source. Mixed infections of other respiratory pathogens were reported in 16 patients (47%). Comorbidities were reported in 6 patients (18%). The most common initial symptoms were fever (76%) and cough (62%). Expectoration (21%), vomiting (12%), and diarrhea (12%) were also reported in a considerable portion of cases. A substantial increase was detected in serum amyloid A for 17 patients (among 20 patients with available data; 85%) and in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for 17 patients (among 29 patients with available data; 59%), whereas a decrease in prealbumin was noticed in 25 patients (among 32 patients with available data; 78%). In addition, significant increases in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were detected in 28 patients (among 34 patients with available data; 82%) and 25 patients (among 34 patients with available data; 74%), respectively. Patchy lesions in lobules were detected by chest computed tomographic scans in 28 patients (82%). Ground-glass opacities, which were a typical feature in adults, were rare in pediatric patients (3%). Rapid radiologic progression and a late-onset pattern of lesions in the lobules were also noticed. Lesions in lobules still existed in 24 (among 32 patients with lesions; 75%) patients that were discharged, although the main symptoms disappeared a few days after treatment. All patients were discharged, and the median duration of hospitalization was 10.00 (8.00–14.25) days. The current study was limited by the small sample size and a lack of dynamic detection of inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS: Our data systemically presented the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the outcomes, of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Stratified analysis was performed between mild and moderate cases. The findings offer new insight into early identification and intervention in pediatric patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32544155/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003130 id: cord-327084-r12copka author: Zhang, Chenxi title: Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-04-14 words: 4087.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327084-r12copka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327084-r12copka.txt summary: A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0–7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6–3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3–3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5). abstract: OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused particularly large public health problems, but also caused great psychological distress, especially for medical staff. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of insomnia and to confirm the related social psychological factors among medical staff in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHOD: Medical staff members in China were recruited, including frontline medical workers. The questionnaire, administered through the WeChat program, obtained demographic data and asked self-design questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak, insomnia/depressive/anxiety symptoms, and stress-related symptoms. We used a logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and insomnia symptoms. RESULT: There were a total of 1,563 participants in our study. Five-hundred-and-sixty-four (36.1%) participants had insomnia symptoms according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (total score ≥ 8). A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0–7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6–3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3–3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5). CONCLUSION: Our study found that more than one-third of the medical staff suffered insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. The related factors included education level, an isolation environment, psychological worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, and being a doctor. Interventions for insomnia among medical staff are needed considering the various sociopsychological factors at play in this situation. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 id: cord-293080-b4pxjrcj author: Zhang, Chunyan title: Establishing a high sensitivity detection method for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and developing a clinical application of this method date: 2020-09-18 words: 4173.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293080-b4pxjrcj.txt summary: Immunological diagnosis of COVID-19 is mainly achieved through testing specific antibody IgM and IgG responses after human infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is based on antigen-antibody capturemethods. Such methods include lateral flow assays and provide the advantages of easy operation, quick test results, no need of a special laboratory site with (complex) instruments, and high sensitivity and specificity, and is suitable for carrying out large-scale SARS-CoV-2 infection/screening as point-of-care sites [7] . Based on the process of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the production of specific antibody responses, a diagnostic IgG and IgM detection assay would be the most useful method to diagnosis the occurrence of COVID-19 and development of pulmonary disease. In the present study, the recombinant protein and test strip for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 antibody by the antigen capturing method, and its preparation method were provided, supporting a new method for SARS-CoV-2 infection screening, diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation. abstract: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and was initially discovered in Wuhan. This outbreak quickly spread all over China and then to more than 20 other countries. SARS-CoV-2 fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strips were prepared by the combination of time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay with a lateral flow assay. The analytical performance and clinical evaluation of this testing method was done and the clinical significance of the testing method was verified. The LLOD of SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG and IgM was 0.121U/L and 0.366U/L. The specificity of IgM and IgG strips in healthy people and in patients with non-COVID-19 disease was 94%, 96.72% and 95.50%, 99.49%, respectively; and sensitivity of IgM and IgG strips for patients during treatment and follow-up was 63.02%, 37.61% and 87.28%, 90.17%, respectively. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody test strip can provide rapid, flexible and accurate testing, and is able to meet the clinical requirement for rapid on-site testing of virus. The ability to detect IgM and IgG provided a significant benefit for the detection and prediction of clinical course with COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32799618/ doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1811161 id: cord-256500-nlavfnpt author: Zhang, Dan title: COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphological and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes, the severity of which correlate with patient outcome date: 2020-03-26 words: 3501.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256500-nlavfnpt.txt summary: Background: Excessive monocyte/macrophage activation with the development of a cytokine storm and subsequent acute lung injury, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a feared consequence of infection with COVID-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a new coronavirus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which frequently induces fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Herein we describe novel observations in relation to changes in monocyte morphology and activation status, which correlate with the prognosis and severity of COVID-19 infection and which can be readily quantified by flow cytometry with the concurrent measurement of forward scatter (FSC) and (SSC), which measure cell size and complexity, respectively. We have shown that simple assessment of FSC by flow cytometry in the context of COVID-19 infection can rapidly identify those patients with an increasing proportion of large, activated, IL-6 and TNF secreting monocytes, who have severe disease and are at greatest risk of ICU admission. abstract: Background: Excessive monocyte/macrophage activation with the development of a cytokine storm and subsequent acute lung injury, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a feared consequence of infection with COVID-19. The ability to recognize and potentially intervene early in those patients at greatest risk of developing this complication could be of great clinical utility. Methods: We performed detailed flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 28 COVID-19 patients treated at Xian No.8 Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University in early 2020 in an attempt to identify factors that could help predict severity of disease and patient outcome. Findings: While we did not detect significant differences in the number of monocytes between patients with COVID-19 and normal healthy individuals,we did identify significant morphological and functional differences, which are more pronounced in patients requiring prolonged hospitalization and ICU admission. Patients with COVID-19 have larger than normal monocytes, easily identified on forward scatter, side scatter analysis by routine flow cytometry,with the presence of a distinct population of monocytes with high forward scatter (FSC-high). On more detailed analysis, these FSC-high monocytes are CD11b+, CD14+, CD16+, CD68+, CD80+, CD163+, CD206+ and secrete IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, consistent with an inflammatory phenotype. Conclusions: The detection and serial monitoring of this subset of inflammatory monocytes using flow cytometry could be of great help in guiding the prognostication and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and merits further evaluation. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042655 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042655 id: cord-300517-41pr3dwa author: Zhang, Dan title: The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence date: 2020-05-05 words: 4771.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300517-41pr3dwa.txt summary: As recommended in the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Revised 7th version) which was officially released by National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China, TCM could exert favorable effects for patients with different syndromes and distinct stages of COVID-19, contributing to infections in the periods of both medical observation and clinical treatment [23] . In addition, prevenient Chinese research pointed out its clinical J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f advantages that were related to improve respiratory symptoms, inhibit concurrent bacterial infection, and regulate immune function, superior clinical safety, especially certain hepatoprotective effects, suggesting it might have potentials to relieve some drug-induced liver injury during the treatment of COVID-19 for serious cases [60] . abstract: The outbreak of emerging infectious pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has posed an enormous threat to public health, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have made vast contribution to the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) among Chinese population. As an indispensable part of TCM, Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are highly valued and critically acclaimed in their campaign to contain and tackle the epidemic, they can achieve considerable effects for both suspected cases under medical observation period, and confirmed individuals with serious underlying diseases or critical conditions. Given this, based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, the present review summarized the basic information, clinical evidence and published literatures of recommended CPMs against COVID-19. The details were thoroughly introduced involving compositions, therapeutic effects, clinical indications, medication history of CPMs and the profiles of corresponding research. With regard to infected patients with different stages and syndrome, the preferable potentials and therapeutic mechanism of CPMs were addressed through the comprehensive collection of relevant literatures and on-going clinical trials. This study could provide an insight into clinical application and underlying mechanism of recommended CPMs against COVID-19, with the aim to share the Chinese experience in clinical practice and facilitate scientific development of TCM, especially CPMs in the fierce battle of COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311907?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882 id: cord-119307-rlc2f6zw author: Zhang, Edwin title: Covidex: Neural Ranking Models and Keyword Search Infrastructure for the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset date: 2020-07-14 words: 4756.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119307-rlc2f6zw.txt summary: We present Covidex, a search engine that exploits the latest neural ranking models to provide information access to the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset curated by the Allen Institute for AI. In addition, we provide robust and easy-to-use keyword search infrastructure that exploits mature fusion-based methods as well as standalone neural ranking models that can be incorporated into other applications. 2. Leveraging our own infrastructure, we explored the use of sequence-to-sequence transformer models for text ranking, combined with a simple classification-based feedback approach to exploit existing relevance judgments. In the latest round 3 results, we report the highest-scoring run that exploits relevance judgments in a user feedback setting and the secondhighest fully automatic run, affirming the quality of our own ranking models (2). Despite the success of BERT for document ranking (Dai and Callan, 2019; MacAvaney et al., 2019; Yilmaz et al., 2019) , there is evidence that ranking with sequence-to-sequence models can achieve even better effectiveness, particularly in zero-shot and other settings with limited training data (Nogueira et al., 2020) , such as for TREC-COVID. abstract: We present Covidex, a search engine that exploits the latest neural ranking models to provide information access to the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset curated by the Allen Institute for AI. Our system has been online and serving users since late March 2020. The Covidex is the user application component of our three-pronged strategy to develop technologies for helping domain experts tackle the ongoing global pandemic. In addition, we provide robust and easy-to-use keyword search infrastructure that exploits mature fusion-based methods as well as standalone neural ranking models that can be incorporated into other applications. These techniques have been evaluated in the ongoing TREC-COVID challenge: Our infrastructure and baselines have been adopted by many participants, including some of the highest-scoring runs in rounds 1, 2, and 3. In round 3, we report the highest-scoring run that takes advantage of previous training data and the second-highest fully automatic run. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07846v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-285755-zblitbo0 author: Zhang, F. title: Myocardial injury is associated with in-hospital mortality of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single center retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-24 words: 3069.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285755-zblitbo0.txt summary: [Results] A total of 110 patients with confirmed (n=80) or suspected (n=30) COVID-19 were screened and 48 patients (female 31.3%, mean age 70.58{+/-}13.38 year old) among them with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) test within 48 hours after admission were included, of whom 17 (17/48, 35.4%) died in hospital while 31 (31/48, 64.6%) were discharged or transferred to other hospital. [Conclusions] Cardiac injury defined by hs-cTnI elevation and elevated d-dimer on admission were risk factors for in-hospital death, while higher SpO2 could be seen as a protective factor, which could help clinicians to identify patients with adverse outcome at the early stage of COVID-19. Short-term prognosis of COVID-19 patients are discrepancy and in-hospital mortality risk are high in severe cases[1] [2] Although previous study had indicated that several risk factors were independently associated with short-term mortality, such as elevated d-dimer, older age and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [2] , few studies focused on cardiac injury with COVID-19 patients. abstract: [Background] Since December 2019, a cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread rapidly from China to other countries. In-hospital mortality are high in severe cases and cardiac injury characterized by elevated cardiac troponin are common among them. The mechanism of cardiac injury and the relationship between cardiac injury and in-hospital mortality remained unclear. Studies focused on cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients are scarce. [Objectives] To investigate the association between cardiac injury and in-hospital mortality of patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. [Methods] Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data of consecutive confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients admitted in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from 25th December, 2019 to 15th February, 2020 were extracted from electronic medical records and were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. [Results] A total of 110 patients with confirmed (n=80) or suspected (n=30) COVID-19 were screened and 48 patients (female 31.3%, mean age 70.58{+/-}13.38 year old) among them with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) test within 48 hours after admission were included, of whom 17 (17/48, 35.4%) died in hospital while 31 (31/48, 64.6%) were discharged or transferred to other hospital. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I was levated in 13 (13/48, 27.1%) patents. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed pulse oximetry of oxygen saturation (SpO2) on admission (HR 0.704, 95% CI 0.546-0.909, per 1% decrease, p=0.007), elevated hs-cTnI (HR 10.902, 95% 1.279-92.927, p=0.029) and elevated d-dimer (HR 1.103, 95%CI 1.034-1.176, per 1mg/L increase, p=0.003) on admission were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. [Conclusions] Cardiac injury defined by hs-cTnI elevation and elevated d-dimer on admission were risk factors for in-hospital death, while higher SpO2 could be seen as a protective factor, which could help clinicians to identify patients with adverse outcome at the early stage of COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.21.20040121v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20040121 id: cord-327432-ogw27tob author: Zhang, Feng-jian title: Expert Consensus on Nurses’ Human Caring for COVID-19 Patients in Different Sites date: 2020-08-07 words: 3321.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327432-ogw27tob.txt summary: Therefore, the experts were invited to develop a consensus on delivering human caring in different sites, thus to provide guideline for the human caring to COVID-19 patients as well as other similar infectious diseases during the whole process of treatment and recovery. Take away the left food and plates as soon as patients finish eating; (9) Keep the wards clean and warm, and ventilate and disinfect regularly; (10) Assist in or implement bed bath and other hygiene care for the patients to keep clean and comfortable; (11) Encourage the patients in the recovery rehabilitation and activities involvement, and express the appreciation for the patient cooperation; (12) Record the special caring needs or measures of patients on the whiteboard and handover between each shift; (13) Provide wake-up service for coma patients four times a day, and play audio materials with patients'' favorite music, the blessing, and encouraging words from relatives, colleagues, and friends; (14) Provide detailed guidance on medication, isolation, condition report, and follow-up for discharged patients. abstract: This study aims to develop the expert consensus on nurse’s human caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in different sites, and thus provide a guideline on providing whole process and systematic caring for COVID-19 patients. Based on the frontline experiences of human caring for COVID-19 patients and the review of literature, the initial draft of consensus was made and finalized after online meeting and revisions. The experts reached consensus on the following parts: terms and definitions, principles of human caring for COVID-19 patients, and human caring measures for COVID-19 patients in different sites. The expert consensus is practical, concise, and reasonable for guiding the nurses providing human caring for COVID-19 patients, as well as other similar infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2222-0 doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2222-0 id: cord-290740-vt4txzfx author: Zhang, H. title: Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-24 words: 618.0 sentences: 54.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290740-vt4txzfx.txt summary: title: Challenges and Measures in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection of COVID‐19 During Resumption of Work: Experience from a Pancreatic Surgery Department, Wuhan, China The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (SARS-CoV-2) on March 2020 1 . At present the epidemic situation of COVID-19 is relieving and under gradual resumption of work, we aim to share our experiences in this unique position and hope to help pancreatic First, we carried out an architecture reconstruction to the ward. Fourth, both the department and hospital provide various forms of psychological counselling since job burnout, mild anxiety and depression are commonly seen in those who have participated in the first-line against COVID-19 as well as the medical staff who have just returned to work. From the resumption of work (6 th April) to the manuscript drafting (29 th May) the department had finished 107 surgeries. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11943 doi: 10.1002/bjs.11943 id: cord-314272-ey2onl0j author: Zhang, H. title: A Web-based, Mobile Responsive Application to Screen Healthcare Workers for COVID Symptoms: Descriptive Study date: 2020-04-22 words: 4207.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314272-ey2onl0j.txt summary: manual screening), employee attestations by time of day, and percentage of employees reporting COVID-19 symptoms Results: We rapidly created the MVP and gradually deployed it across the hospitals in our organization. For employees without access to a computer or mobile device to use the self-service application, we established a manual process where in-person, socially distanced screeners asked employees entering the site if they have symptoms and then manually recorded the responses in an Office 365 Form. Human Resources and Occupational Health provided initial requirements including an application that would enable employees who must work onsite at a facility that provides direct patient care to be able to self-screen for symptoms concerning for COVID-19 infection prior to being allowed into the facility. This application needed to be mobile-responsive, provide guidance to the employee about next steps if they do indicate symptoms are present, create a pass that would be "glance-able" to entrance way screening staff, and be able to export user logs on at least a daily basis. abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted over 1 million people across the globe, with over 330,000 cases in the United States. To help limit the spread in Massachusetts, the Department of Public Health required that all healthcare workers must be screened for symptoms daily - individuals with symptoms may not work. We rapidly created a digital COVID-19 symptom screening tool for a large, academic, integrated healthcare delivery system, Partners HealthCare, in Boston, Massachusetts. Objective: We describe the design and development of the COVID-19 symptom screening application and report on aggregate usage data from the first week of use across the organization. Methods: Using agile principles, we designed, tested and implemented a solution over the span of a week using progressively custom development approaches as the requirements and use case become more solidified. We developed the minimum viable product (MVP) of a mobile responsive, web-based self-service application using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). For employees without access to a computer or mobile device to use the self-service application, we established a manual process where in-person, socially distanced screeners asked employees entering the site if they have symptoms and then manually recorded the responses in an Office 365 Form. A custom .NET Framework application was developed solution as COVID Pass was scaled. We collected log data from the .NET application, REDCap and Office 365 from the first week of full enterprise deployment (March 30, 2020 - April 5, 2020). Aggregate descriptive statistics including overall employee attestations by day and site, employee attestations by application method (COVID Pass automatic screening vs. manual screening), employee attestations by time of day, and percentage of employees reporting COVID-19 symptoms Results: We rapidly created the MVP and gradually deployed it across the hospitals in our organization. By the end of the first week of enterprise deployment, the screening application was being used by over 25,000 employees each weekday. Over the first full week of deployment, 154,730 employee attestation logs were processed across the system. Over this 7-day period, 558 (0.36%) employees reported positive symptoms. In most clinical locations, the majority of employees (~80-90%) used the self-service application, with a smaller percentage (~10-20%) using manual attestation. Hospital staff continued to work around the clock, but as expected, staff attestations peaked during shift changes between 7-8am, 2-3pm, 4-6pm, and 11pm-midnight. Conclusions: Using rapid, agile development, we quickly created and deployed a dedicated employee attestation application that gained widespread adoption and use within our health system. Further, we have identified over 500 symptomatic employees that otherwise would have possibly come to work, potentially putting others at risk. We share the story of our implementation, lessons learned, and source code (via GitHub) for other institutions who may want to implement similar solutions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20069211 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.17.20069211 id: cord-327397-8rxjju0t author: Zhang, H.-Y. title: A Multicentre Study of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outcomes of Cancer Patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-26 words: 3506.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327397-8rxjju0t.txt summary: Two previous case series from China have suggested that cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, but the reports were limited by small numbers and few clinical information. Conclusion: This study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. Here, we conducted a multicentre retrospective study to show the clinical information and outcomes of 67 cancer patients infected with COVID-19 in 1548 cases from four designated COVID-19 hospitals. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20037127 doi: medRxiv preprint proportion of all cancers; (2) 10 cases lung cancer patients were ongoing anticancer treatment, and they may have high risks of nosocomial infection and low immunity to SARS-CoV viral particles. As reported in previous studies, 4 15 16 male and older patients had a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was validated in our cancer cohort. This study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. abstract: Background: At present, there is a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Two previous case series from China have suggested that cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19 pneumonia, but the reports were limited by small numbers and few clinical information. Objective: To study clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients infected with COVID-19. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Four designated COVID-16 hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Participants: Medical records of 67 cancer patients admitted to hospitals between Jan 5, 2020 to Feb 18, 2020 were included. Measurements: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological and treatment data were collected. Survival data of the cohort was cut-off on Mar 10, 2020. Results: Of the 67 patients (median age: 66 years), the median age of patients who had severe illness was older than that of patients who had mild symptoms (P<0.001). Forty-three (64.2%) patients had other concurrent chronic diseases, and the proportion of severe patients had co-morbidities was higher than patients with mild disease (P=0.004). Twenty-three (34.3%) patients were still at the anticancer treatment phase, but no tumour progression and recurrence was observed for all the patients during the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. About 70% of these patients had fever (n=53, 79.1%) and/or cough (n=50, 74.6%). Lymphocytopenia was the main laboratory finding accompanying increased C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in cancer patients, especially in severe cases. By Mar 10, 2020, 18 (26.9%) patients died from COVID-19, and 39 (58.2%) patients have been discharged. The median age of survivors was younger than that of deaths (P=0.014). Lung cancer (n=15, 22.4%) with COVID-19 was the most common cancer type and accounted for the highest proportion COVID-19 resulted deaths (33.3%, 5/15). We observed a tendency that patients at the follow-up phase had a better prognosis than that at anticancer treatment phase (P=0.095). Limitation: This is a retrospective study with only 67 cases from four hospitals. And some specific clinical information was insufficient. Conclusion: This study showed COVID-19 patients with cancer seem to have a higher proportion of severe cases and poorer prognosis. The tendency of poor prognosis was more obvious in patients at anticancer treatment phase. We should pay more intensive attentions to cancer patients infected with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20037127 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.21.20037127 id: cord-259481-og7n82fl author: Zhang, Hai-tao title: Automated detection and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia: CT imaging analysis by a deep learning-based software date: 2020-07-14 words: 2915.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259481-og7n82fl.txt summary: Radiological examinations, especially thin slice chest Computed tomography (CT) scans, play an important role in identifying the early phase of lung infection, monitoring disease progression and guiding clinical decision making for COVID-19 patients [5, 7, 8] . In the present study, the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System, a deep learning-based software, was used to automatically extract and analyse regions suspected to be infected with the virus. The uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System, a deep learningbased software, was specifically developed by United Imaging Medical Technology Company Limited (Shanghai, China) for COVID-19 assessment. In this study, we analysed the CT scans of 2460 COVID-19 patients using the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System. The ability of the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis to quickly and accurately localize and quantify infection regions from CT scans will not only aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, but also aid in assessing the disease to help guide physicians in their treatment plans. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging worldwide threat to public health. While chest computed tomography (CT) plays an indispensable role in its diagnosis, the quantification and localization of lesions cannot be accurately assessed manually. We employed deep learning-based software to aid in detection, localization and quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 2460 RT-PCR tested SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (1250 men and 1210 women; mean age, 57.7 ± 14.0 years (age range, 11–93 years) were retrospectively identified from Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan from February 11 to March 16, 2020. Basic clinical characteristics were reviewed. The uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System was used to assess the CT scans. RESULTS: CT scans of 2215 patients (90%) showed multiple lesions of which 36 (1%) and 50 patients (2%) had left and right lung infections, respectively (> 50% of each affected lung’s volume), while 27 (1%) had total lung infection (> 50% of the total volume of both lungs). Overall, 298 (12%), 778 (32%) and 1300 (53%) patients exhibited pure ground glass opacities (GGOs), GGOs with sub-solid lesions and GGOs with both sub-solid and solid lesions, respectively. Moreover, 2305 (94%) and 71 (3%) patients presented primarily with GGOs and sub-solid lesions, respectively. Elderly patients (≥ 60 years) were more likely to exhibit sub-solid lesions. The generalized linear mixed model showed that the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe was the favoured site of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Chest CT combined with analysis by the uAI Intelligent Assistant Analysis System can accurately evaluate pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666395/ doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04953-1 id: cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author: Zhang, Han title: How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date: 2020-05-11 words: 6109.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt summary: In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students'' education and mental health. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. At the time our data was collected, just after classes went online and three weeks after it was discovered that community spread of COVID-19 was present in Seattle (Table 1) , we did not find evidence of changes in anxiety, stress, or depression among students with or without disabilities/health concerns. abstract: The impact of COVID-19 on students has been enormous, with an increase in worries about fiscal and physical health, a rapid shift to online learning, and increased isolation. In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. To our knowledge, no one has looked specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on students with disabilities/health concerns. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students' education and mental health. Our findings show that students with disabilities/health concerns were more concerned about classes going online than their peers without disabilities. In addition, students with disabilities/health concerns also reported that they have experienced more COVID-19 related adversities compared to their peers without disabilities/health concerns. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. In addition, educational technologies will be more accessible if they consider the learning context, and are designed to provide a supportive, calm, and connecting learning environment. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05438v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-277430-x02u7oh0 author: Zhang, Hongyan title: Outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection in 107 patients with cancer from Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-23 words: 3182.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277430-x02u7oh0.txt summary: Secondary analyses included the reporting of clinical presentation and outcomes based on the different cancer types, and the association between mortality due to COVID-19 and whether the patient was receiving ongoing active anticancer treatment (systemic therapy, local therapy, or a combination). 5, 16 Rather, in the current study cohort of 107 patients, we observed that active anticancer treatment within 1 month of a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with profound lymphopenia (median of 0.55 vs 1.05 for those on follow-up) and markedly elevated inflammatory markers of C-reactive protein (36.00 vs 27.40) and procalcitonin (0.17 vs 0.06). The results of the current study demonstrated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of 107 patients with different cancer types, and suggested a high incidence of severe illness and case fatality rates compared with the community population. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) than noncancer patients. The authors conducted a multicenter retrospective study to investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients with cancer who are diagnosed with COVID‐19. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of hospitalized patients who were treated at 5 hospitals in Wuhan City, China, between January 5 and March 18, 2020. Clinical parameters relating to cancer history (type and treatment) and COVID‐19 were collected. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary analyses were the association between clinical factors and severe COVID‐19 and OS. RESULTS: A total of 107 patients with cancer were diagnosed with COVID‐19, with a median age of 66 years (range, 37‐98 years). Lung (21 patients; 19.6%), gastrointestinal (20 patients; 18.7%), and genitourinary (20 patients; 18.7%) cancers were the most common cancer diagnoses. A total of 37 patients (34.6%) were receiving active anticancer treatment when diagnosed with COVID‐19, whereas 70 patients (65.4%) were on follow‐up. Overall, 52.3% of patients (56 patients) developed severe COVID‐19; this rate was found to be higher among patients receiving anticancer treatment than those on follow‐up (64.9% vs 45.7%), which corresponded to an inferior OS in the former subgroup of patients (hazard ratio, 3.365; 95% CI, 1.455‐7.782 [P = .005]). The detrimental effect of anticancer treatment on OS was found to be independent of exposure to systemic therapy (case fatality rate of 33.3% [systemic therapy] vs 43.8% [nonsystemic therapy]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study demonstrated that >50.0% of infected patients with cancer are susceptible to severe COVID‐19. This risk is aggravated by simultaneous anticancer treatment and portends for a worse survival, despite treatment for COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32573776/ doi: 10.1002/cncr.33042 id: cord-266324-uvsmbrbf author: Zhang, Hu title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases date: 2020-05-08 words: 2336.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266324-uvsmbrbf.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases A cohort study of 140 COVID-19 patients showed that gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 39.6% of the patients, including nausea (17.3%), diarrhoea (12.9%) and vomiting (5.0%) [4] . Therefore, we determined that a retrospective analysis of cases might be useful for clinicians to identify the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. In this study, red and white blood cells were not identified in the faeces of patients who experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, a finding characteristic of viral infections. Second, this study was the lack of the result of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the stool of COVID-19 patients, so we did not determine the hypothesis that the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms may be related to the presence of viral replication in stool. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS: The clinical data of 164 COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were extracted and analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: In total, 505 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: those with gastrointestinal symptoms (G group) and those without gastrointestinal symptoms (NG group). Common gastrointestinal symptoms included inappetence, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Significantly higher proportions of patients with fever, dizziness, myalgia, and fatigue were noted in group G than in group NG. Compared with patients without fever, there was a significant difference between G group and NG group in moderate fever or above, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in low fever. The laboratory results showed that patients in the G group had significantly higher C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels than those in the NG group. Moreover, the proportion of patients with severe pneumonia was significantly higher in the G group than in the NG group. CONCLUSION: In Wuhan, the proportion of COVID-19 patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms is relatively high. Patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to suffer from severe pneumonia, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk of COVID-19 and thus reduce the incidence of this condition. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507692/ doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.04.034 id: cord-346241-w076l97s author: Zhang, Hua title: Dynamic CT assessment of disease change and prognosis of patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-09-19 words: 4322.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346241-w076l97s.txt summary: The analyzed clinical data included the following characteristics: age, sex, exposure history, disease course, laboratory results, symptoms, comorbid conditions, and CT score focusing on the characteristics of pulmonary lesions, including (a) lesion size and distribution characteristics, (b) number of lung segments involved, (c) patterns of the lesion including GGO, consolidation, vascular thickening, bronchial wall thickening, crazy-paving pattern, (d) and other signs associated with the lesion (for example, adjacent pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy). According to the seventh edition of diagnosis and treatment protocols from the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China [7] , the standard of diagnosis for COVID-19 pneumonia are as follows: (1) epidemiological travel or history of exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, or exposure to those from Wuhan with fever showing obvious respiratory symptoms within two weeks of the onset of illness; (2) typical clinical manifestations including fever, respiratory symptoms, and/or normal or reduced white blood cell count or decreased lymphocyte count; (3) obvious imaging characteristics of pneumonia and (4) laboratory diagnosis using swabs of the throat or lower respiratory tract via real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reveal positivity for COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess prognosis or dynamic change from initial diagnosis until recovery of the patients with moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia using chest CT images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 33 patients (18 men, 15 women; median age, 49.0 years) with confirmed with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia in a multicenter hospital were included. The patients underwent at least four chest non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans at approximately 5-day intervals. We analyzed the clinical and CT characteristics of the patients. Moreover, the total CT score and the sum of lung involvement were determined for every CT scan. RESULTS: The most widespread presenting symptoms were fever (32/33, 97.0%) and cough (17/33, 51.5%), which were often accompanied by decreased lymphocyte count (15/33, 45.5%) and increased C-reactive protein levels (18/33, 54.6%). Bilateral, multifocal ground glass opacities (32/33, 97.0%), consolidation (25/33, 75.8%), vascular thickening (23/33, 69.7%), and bronchial wall thickening (21/33, 63.6%) with peripheral distribution were the most frequent CT findings during moderate COVID-19 pneumonia. In patients recovering from moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, four stages (stages 1–4) of evolution were identified on chest CT with average CT scores of 3.4±2.3, 6.0±4.4, 5.6±3.8, and 4.9±3.2, respectively, from the onset of symptoms. For most patients, the peak of average total CT score increased for approximately 8 days after the onset of symptoms, after which it decreased gradually. The mean CT score of all patients was 4.7 at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION: The moderate COVID-19 pneumonia CT score increased rapidly in a short period of time initially, followed by a slow decline over a relatively long time. The peak of the course occurred in stage 2. Complete recovery of patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia with high mean CT score at the time of discharge requires longer time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32741802/ doi: 10.3233/xst-200711 id: cord-022175-h83aed9u author: Zhang, Hui title: Consensus on Pre-examination and Triage in Clinic of Dermatology During Outbreak of COVID-19 From Chinese Experts(#) date: 2020-03-13 words: 1400.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022175-h83aed9u.txt summary: Considering that certain skin diseases may have symptom of fever, and some of the carriers of 2019 novel coronavirus and patients with COVID-19 at their early stage may do not present any symptoms of COVID-19, to properly deal with the visitors to clinics of dermatology, the Chinese Society of Dermatology organized experts to formulate the principles and procedures for pre-examination and triage of visitors to clinics of dermatology during the epidemic of COVID-19. Considering the most common symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is fever, and many kinds of skin diseases are also accompanied by fever, properly carrying out pre-examination and triage for patients with skin lesions and fever has been a practical problem encountered in the hospitals for skin diseases and dermatology clinics in general hospitals. abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus infection has brought a great challenge in prevention and control of the national epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. During the fight against the epidemic of COVID-19, properly carrying out pre-examination and triage for patients with skin lesions and fever has been a practical problem encountered in hospitals for skin diseases as well as clinics of dermatology in general hospitals. Considering that certain skin diseases may have symptom of fever, and some of the carriers of 2019 novel coronavirus and patients with COVID-19 at their early stage may do not present any symptoms of COVID-19, to properly deal with the visitors to clinics of dermatology, the Chinese Society of Dermatology organized experts to formulate the principles and procedures for pre-examination and triage of visitors to clinics of dermatology during the epidemic of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153734/ doi: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000084 id: cord-354778-fqfzznns author: Zhang, Jian title: The associated factors of cesarean section during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in nine cities of China date: 2020-10-10 words: 3492.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354778-fqfzznns.txt summary: In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21–2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10–1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74–3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17–2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. The questionnaire included four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, information on delivery modes and pregnancy and neonatal health, physical activities, and the medical services which women accessed during the lockdown period. In the sensitivity analysis, the associations of age, pregestational BMI, number of COVID-19 cases in the resident region, and GWG with delivery modes did not change after additionally including education level and getting regular prenatal check-ups in the multivariate model (Supplementary Table 2 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Improving and maintaining the health of mothers and newborns is indisputably a global priority, especially during a pandemic. This study intends to examine the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) during lockdown time. METHODS: A total of 678 women who just gave birth within 7 days were enrolled from maternal and children hospitals in nine cities of China from April to May 2020. The delivery modes and potential influencing factors were investigated. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the association of CS and risk factors among populations with different characteristics and to control for possible confounding, respectively. RESULTS: The overall rate of cesarean delivery was 37.3%. In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21–2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10–1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74–3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17–2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. These trends of associations were not changes in sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Cesarean delivery occurred more in women who got more nutrition instruction during the pandemic period in the univariant model; however, this association showed insignificance in the multiple-variant analysis. CONCLUSION: A high cesarean delivery rate was found in uninfected women who experienced lockdown in their third trimester. During the COVID-19 pandemic, more medical support should be provided in severely affected regions to ensure and promote health in pregnancy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00899-w doi: 10.1186/s12199-020-00899-w id: cord-352272-9zg8q0gk author: Zhang, Jiancheng title: Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study date: 2020-06-06 words: 3685.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352272-9zg8q0gk.txt summary: title: Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Wuhan Union Hospital between January 25 and March 15, 2020. In tour study, we aimed to describe the effects of self-reported sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia, deterioration based on an increased NLR, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this report is the first case series to study the effects of sleep quality on the recovery from lymphopenia, deterioration based on an increased NLR, and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Poor-sleep quality in patients with COVID-19 was associated with a slow recovery from lymphopenia, an increased risk of becoming critically ill and requiring ICU care, and abstract: Sleep is known to play an important role in immune function. However, the effects of sleep quality during hospitalization for COVID-19 remain unclear. This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of sleep quality on recovery from lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the West District of Wuhan Union Hospital between January 25 and March 15, 2020. The Richards-Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess sleep quality. The epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records and compared between the good-sleep group and poor-sleep group. In all, 135 patients (60 in good-sleep group and 75 in poor-sleep group) were included in this study. There were no significant between-group differences regarding demographic and baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory parameters upon admission and in-hospital treatment. Compared with patients in the good-sleep group, patients in the poor-sleep group had lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (day 14: median, 1.10 vs 1.32, P = 0.0055; day 21: median, 1.18 vs 1.48, P = 0.0034) and its reduced recovery rate (day 14: median, 56.91 vs 69.40, P = 0.0255; day 21: median, 61.40 vs 111.47, P = 0.0003), as well as increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; day 14: median, 3.17 vs 2.44, P = 0.0284; day 21: median, 2.73 vs 2.23, P = 0.0092) and its associated deterioration rate (day 14: median, -39.65 vs -61.09, P = 0.0155; day 21: median, -51.40% vs -75.43, P = 0.0003). Nine [12.0%] patients in the poor-sleep group required ICU care (P = 0.0151); meanwhile, none of the patients in good-sleep group required ICU care. Patients in the poor-sleep group had increased duration of hospital stay (33.0 [23.0–47.0] days vs 25.0 [20.5–36.5] days, P = 0.0116) compared to those in the good-sleep group. An increased incidence of hospital-acquired infection (seven [9.3%] vs one [1.7%]) was observed in the poor-sleep group compared to the good-sleep group; however, this difference was not significant (P = 0.1316). In conclusion, poor sleep quality during hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia is associated with a slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120309946 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.075 id: cord-272961-z0pbah73 author: Zhang, Jie title: Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-14 words: 3532.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272961-z0pbah73.txt summary: title: Relationship of chest CT score with clinical characteristics of 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China OBJECTIVE: Analyze COVID-19 patients to determine the relationships of clinical characteristics, chest CT score, and levels of inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: All patients exhibited signs of significant systemic inflammation, including increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin, chest CT score, and a decreased lymphocyte (LY) count. Our analysis of laboratory data indicated the LY count was reduced in most patients, and that a greater chest CT score negatively correlated with LY count. Our analysis of chest CT scores of patients with COVID-19 indicated that the lesions were mainly at level 5, suggesting that the virus is most abundant in the more active parts of the lung. In conclusion, the chest CT score of patients with COVID-19 is associated the severity of the systemic inflammatory response. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the outbreak of a disease subsequently termed COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases increased rapidly and spread to six continents. However, there is limited information on the chest computed tomography (CT) results of affected patients. Chest CT can assess the severity of COVID-19 and has sufficient sensitivity to assess changes in response to glucocorticoid therapy. OBJECTIVE: Analyze COVID-19 patients to determine the relationships of clinical characteristics, chest CT score, and levels of inflammatory mediators. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center case series of 108 consecutive hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST (Wuhan, China) examined patients admitted from January 28 to February 20, 2020. Patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical findings, chest CT results, and CT scores of affected lung parenchyma were recorded. The relationships between chest CT score with levels of systemic inflammatory mediators were determined. RESULTS: All patients exhibited signs of significant systemic inflammation, including increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin, chest CT score, and a decreased lymphocyte (LY) count. Chest CT score had positive associations with white blood cell (WBC) count, CRP, ESR, procalcitonin, and abnormal coagulation function, and a negative association with LY count. Treatment with a glucocorticoid increased the LY count, reduced the CT score and CRP level, and improved coagulation function. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 infection is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response that affects the lungs, blood, digestive system, and circulatory systems. The chest CT score is a good indicator of the extent of systemic inflammation. Glucocorticoid treatment appears to reduce systemic inflammation in these patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01440-x doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01440-x id: cord-328163-kytnsrkq author: Zhang, Jin-nong title: Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission—A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-30 words: 1862.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328163-kytnsrkq.txt summary: The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) from January 1 to January 16, 2020. The low HR for the family members and the health care workers on Arbidol PEP suggests a protective effect of Arbidol against COVID-19 transmission. abstract: The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) from January 1 to January 16, 2020. The last follow-up date was Feb. 26, 2020. The emergence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms after exposure to the primary case was collected. The correlations between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and health care workers were respectively analyzed. A total of 66 members in 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19. The Cox regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or not showed that Arbidol PEP was a protective factor against the development of COVID-19 (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.003–0.209, P=0.0006 for family members and HR 0.056, 95% CI 0.005–0.662, P=0.0221 for health care workers). Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings. This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32474860/ doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2203-3 id: cord-032891-pvijxcgi author: Zhang, Joe title: Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series date: 2020-09-25 words: 2583.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032891-pvijxcgi.txt summary: RATIONALE: The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described, but reported utilisation and outcomes are variable, and detailed information on patient characteristics is lacking. While VV-ECMO was associated with improved outcome during the H1N1 influenza pandemic (4, 5) , COVID-19 demonstrates features unique from other respiratory infections and early case-series have reported high mortality in patients on ECMO (6) (7) (8) . National criteria were adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic on the 10 th of April 2020 (11) to include clinical frailty scale ≤3 (12) , the use of the Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score (13) to aid pre-ECMO decision-making (with RESP score ≤3 requiring agreement between at least two centres), and an exclusion of "refractory multi-organ failure". Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports abstract: RATIONALE: The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described, but reported utilisation and outcomes are variable, and detailed information on patient characteristics is lacking. We aim to report clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients requiring VV-ECMO, admitted over 2 months to a high-volume UK centre. METHODS: Patient information, including baseline characteristics and clinical parameters, was collected retrospectively from electronic health records for COVID-19 VV-ECMO admissions between 3rd March and 2nd May 2020. Clinical management is described. Data are reported for survivors and non-survivors. RESULTS: We describe 43 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who received VV-ECMO. Median age was 46 years [IQR 35.5–52.5], 76.7% were male. Median time from symptom onset to VV-ECMO was 14 days [IQR 11–17.5]. All patients underwent computed tomography imaging, finding extensive pulmonary consolidation in 95.3%, and pulmonary embolus in 27.9%. 79.1% received immunomodulation with methylprednisolone for persistent maladaptive hyperinflammatory state. Vasopressors were used in 86%, and 44.2% received renal replacement therapy. Median duration on VV-ECMO was 13 days [IQR 8–20]. Fourteen patients died (32.6%) and 29 survived (67.4%) to hospital discharge. Non-survivors had significantly higher d-dimer (38.2 versus 9.5 mg·L(−1), Fibrinogen Equivalent Units; p=0.035) and creatinine (169 versus 73 umol·L(−1); p=0.022) at commencement of ECMO. CONCLUSIONS: Our data supports the use of VV-ECMO in selected COVID-19 patients. The cohort was characterised by high degree of alveolar consolidation, systemic inflammation, and intravascular thrombosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7520944/ doi: 10.1183/23120541.00463-2020 id: cord-325173-2jw15w28 author: Zhang, K. title: Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study date: 2020-07-07 words: 3314.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325173-2jw15w28.txt summary: title: Causally Associations of Blood Lipids Levels with COVID-19 Risk: Mendelian Randomization Study Design: We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore whether dyslipidemia, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were causally related to COVID-19 risk and severity. If the difference Q − Qʹ is sufficiently extreme with respect to a χ2 distribution with the 1 degree of 114 freedom, we indicated that directional pleiotropy is an important factor and MR-Egger model provides 115 a better fit than the IVW method 20 CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This is the first study to characterize the potential causality of blood lipids for the susceptibility and 249 severity of COVID-19 using two-sample MR design rather than observational and perspective studies 250 based on conventional association analysis. abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). It has been found that coronary artery disease (CAD) is a comorbid condition for COVID-19. As the risk factors of CAD, whether blood lipids levels are causally related to increasing susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 is still unknown. Design: We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to explore whether dyslipidemia, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were causally related to COVID-19 risk and severity. The GWAS summary data of blood lipids involving in 188,578 individuals and dyslipidemia in a total of 53,991 individuals were used as exposures, respectively. Two COVID-19 GWASs including 1,221 infected patients and 1,610 severe patients defined as respiratory failure were employed as outcomes. Based on the MR estimates, we further carried out gene-based and gene-set analysis to explain the potential mechanism for causal effect. Results: The MR results showed that dyslipidemia was casually associated with the susceptibility of COVID-19 and induced 27% higher odds for COVID-19 infection (MR-IVW OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.49, p-value = 3.18 x 10-3). Moreover, the increasing level of blood TC will raise 14 % higher odds for the susceptibility of COVID-19 (MR-IVW OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.25, p-value = 5.07 x 10-3). Gene-based analysis identified that ABO gene was associated with TC and the gene-set analysis found that immune processes were involved in the risk effect of TC. Conclusions: We obtained three conclusions: 1) Dyslipidemia is casually associated with the susceptibility of COVID-19; 2) TC is a risk factor for the susceptibility of COVID-19; 3) The different susceptibility of COVID-19 in specific blood group may be partly explained by the TC concentration in diverse ABO blood groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.20147926 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.07.20147926 id: cord-338821-khc3dqay author: Zhang, Kai title: Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders date: 2020-04-09 words: 503.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338821-khc3dqay.txt summary: title: Treatment concerns for psychiatric symptoms in patients with COVID-19 with or without psychiatric disorders Many psychiatric patients have been infected with COVID-19, and patients with COVID-19 may develop psychiatric symptoms after treatment with antiviral drugs. The National Health Commission of China (NHCC) has published guidelines for treatment of COVID-19. First, many patients with psychiatric disorders have been infected with COVID-19, and second, patients with COVID-19 infections may develop a number of psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, fear, depression and insomnia, after treatment with antiviral drugs. This is concerning because Wuhan Mental Health Center, the largest psychiatric hospital in Hubei province, reports that more than 80 staff and patients have been infected with COVID-19. 3 If a patient with psychiatric disorder is infected with COVID-19, antiviral drugs must be used in combination with psychotropic drugs, including antipsychotic, antidepressant and antianxiety drugs. If antiviral drugs are used without supplemental medication, patients with psychiatric disorders can experience relapses in their mental illness. abstract: Many psychiatric patients have been infected with COVID-19, and patients with COVID-19 may develop psychiatric symptoms after treatment with antiviral drugs. Given the tolerability and minimal P450 interactions, antidepressants (i.e., citalopram, escitalopram etc.), antipsychotics (i.e., olanzapine) and valproate can be considered to be safe in combination with antiviral drugs. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.84 doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.84 id: cord-273556-rvo0vyk3 author: Zhang, Kui title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-09 words: 2094.0 sentences: 121.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273556-rvo0vyk3.txt summary: title: The combined therapy of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and Western medicine for a critically ill case infected with COVID-19 OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a case illustrating the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our case report suggests that collaborative treatments with traditional Chinese medicine prove beneficial in the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly recognised illness that has spread rapidly throughout Wuhan (Hubei province) to other provinces in China and around the world. Here, we report 1 critically ill case, who was infected by COVID-19, obtained good results after the combined therapy of our TCM formula and Western medicine. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study abstract: OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a case illustrating the benefits of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients. CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME: A 58-year-old woman presented with cough, fever, dizziness, chest tightness, polypnea and poor appetite. She was admitted to Guizhou Provincial People’s hospital, and diagnosed with critically ill type of COVID-19 in February, 2020. According to the patient's symptoms and signs, the TCM syndrome differentiation was qi deficiency, dampness-stasis and toxin accumulation. Then she received the combined therapy of a modified Chinese herbal formula and Western medicine. During a twelve-day period of treatment, her respiratory distress and appetite quickly improved. Abnormal laboratory indicators were resumed in time and lung lesions in CT scan largely absorbed. no side effects associated with this Chinese herbal formula were found. Before discharge, two consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs were shown to be negative for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). CONCLUSIONS: Our case report suggests that collaborative treatments with traditional Chinese medicine prove beneficial in the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients. In order to give optimal care for this COVID-19 crisis for the whole world, Chinese medicine practitioners and Western medical doctors should work together in frontline. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0965229920304842 doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102473 id: cord-303917-2tu707ng author: Zhang, Lei title: Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review date: 2020-03-03 words: 5433.0 sentences: 369.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303917-2tu707ng.txt summary: We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children''s RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, Semba et al 12 had reported that vitamin A supplementation reduced morbidity and mortality in different infectious diseases, such as measles, diarrheal disease, measles-related pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and malaria. 15 The mechanism by which vitamin A and retinoids inhibit measles replication is upregulating elements of the innate immune response in uninfected bystander cells, making them refractory to productive infection during subsequent rounds of viral replication. Remdesivir (RDV), a nucleoside analog GS-5734, had been reported to inhibit human and zoonotic coronavirus in vitro and to restrain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vivo. Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association abstract: An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA‐virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus‐specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID‐19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID‐19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID‐19 if the infection is uncontrollable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32052466/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.25707 id: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p author: Zhang, Li title: The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat date: 2020-10-27 words: 5357.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293427-hwkmvo4p.txt summary: CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. According to protection motivation theory, we hypothesized that the association between the exposure level during the COVID-19 epidemic and mental health problems was mediated by both individuals'' perceived threat of COVID-19 risk and their coping efficacy (see Fig. 1 ). This hypothesis is based on the fact that numerous studies have indicated Fig. 1 Proposed model of exposure level, risk perception and mental health problems that self-efficacy is an effective factor to cope with a crisis and buffer psychological distress [34] . Overall, this study confirmed the psychological typhoon eye effect during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of COVID-19 on mental health problems has received considerable attention. However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems, and no empirical study has tested the mechanisms between them. METHODS: We conducted a survey in 31 provinces of China during 3–13 March 2020 to test the effect of the exposure level on mental health problems. Our sample comprised 2987 participants who reported their perceived threat, coping efficacy, mental health problems and other demographic variables. Multiple mediators path analysis was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the level of exposure to COVID-19 in China was negatively associated with mental health problems, which confirmed the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Further analyses indicated that both perceived threat and coping efficacy partially mediated the relationship between them. However, coping efficacy explained the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Perceived threat mediated the positive relationship between exposure level and mental health problems. CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. Our findings suggest that policy makers and psychological workers should provide enough psychological services to low-risk areas as the high-risk areas. An important means of alleviating mental health problems is to improve coping efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8 doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8 id: cord-351512-h4vigeuy author: Zhang, Lin title: How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns date: 2020-06-09 words: 7123.0 sentences: 347.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351512-h4vigeuy.txt summary: In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. From the perspective of countries and world regions, funding agencies in the USA, China, and the UK contributed most to supporting research in response to public health emergencies, as shown in Fig. 11 . abstract: As of the middle of April 2020, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 137,000 lives (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Because of its extremely fast spreading, the attention of the global scientific community is now focusing on slowing down, containing and finally stopping the spread of this disease. This requires the concerted action of researchers and practitioners of many related fields, raising, as always in such situations the question, of what kind of research has to be conducted, what are the priorities, how has research to be coordinated and who needs to be involved. In other words, what are the characteristics of the response of the global research community on the challenge? In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. In addition, we provide a preliminary review of the global research effort regarding the defeat of the COVID-19 pandemic. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. In general, countries/regions place emphasis on epidemics in their own region, but Europe and North America are also concerned with outbreaks in other, developed and less developed areas through conducting intensive collaborative research with the core countries/regions of the outbreak, such as in the case of Ebola in Africa. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. Universities contribute slightly less than half to the global research output, and the vast majority of research funding originates from the public sector. Our findings on how academia responds to emergencies could be beneficial to decision-makers in research and health policy in creating and adjusting anti-epidemic/-pandemic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836522/ doi: 10.1007/s11192-020-03531-4 id: cord-259052-m2mg4lf4 author: Zhang, Lina title: In Reply date: 2020-05-11 words: 654.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259052-m2mg4lf4.txt summary: Our paper published in Anesthesiology did not specifically discuss the experience of using lung ultrasonography in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Lung ultrasonography can help to quickly screen for the potential causes of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. Second, it is the current consensus that the timely application of appropriate gas exchange support is essential in COVID-19 patients complicated with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Third, in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, lung ultrasonography can comprehensively assess the potential of lung recruitment based on pulmonary lesions'' uniformity and severity and the presence of dynamic air bronchograms and tidal recruitment. Overall, lung ultrasonography has the potential and unique advantages in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require gas exchange support. Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group (CCUSG): Lung ultrasound can be used to predict the potential of prone positioning and assess prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003375 doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003375 id: cord-294831-pem059zk author: Zhang, Ling-Pu title: Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-06-11 words: 6173.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294831-pem059zk.txt summary: A report of five patients in a family cluster who traveled to Wuhan and were infected with SARS-CoV-2 was the first report directly illustrating that the virus is capable of person-to-person transmission in hospital and family settings [23] . Xiao and colleagues showed that 53.42% of 73 hospitalized COVID-19 patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens, and the duration time of positive stool results ranged from 1 to 12 days [27] . In a study published in The Lancet, 41 of 41 patients who were identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with pneumonia and abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) [6] . An article reported in Science shows that SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, indicating that ferrets represent an ideal animal model for evaluating antiviral drugs or vaccine candidates against COVID-19 [64] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan abstract: A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 7, 2020, the new coronavirus has spread quickly to 184 countries and aroused the attention of the entire world. No targeted drugs have yet been available for intervention and treatment of this virus. The sharing of academic information is crucial to risk assessment and control activities in outbreak countries. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of the virus as well as laboratory testing and treatments to understand the nature of the virus. We hope this review will be helpful to prevent viral infections in outbreak countries and regions. url: https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0063 doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0063 id: cord-298777-hit7rs6q author: Zhang, Linjie title: What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta‐analysis of 551 laboratory‐confirmed cases date: 2020-06-10 words: 3869.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298777-hit7rs6q.txt summary: We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available studies to summarize what we know so far about the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and laboratory features, as well as therapeutic and prognostic aspects, of COVID-19 in children. To be included in this review, studies needed to meet the following criteria: (a) Study design: randomized trials, observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort and case-control), case series or case reports, and research letters; (b) Participants: children up to 18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19; (c) Variables: epidemiological and demographic characteristics, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings, treatments, and prognosis. Thus, 46 articles [7] [8] [9] 14, 15, reporting 551 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in children were included in the review (Figure 1 ). A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study abstract: AIM: To summarize what we know so far about coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in children. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information from 1 January 2020 to 4 May 2020. We selected randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, and research letters of children ages birth to 18 years with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses to calculate the weighted mean prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) or the weighted average means and 95% CI. RESULT: Forty‐six articles reporting 551 cases of COVID‐19 in children (aged 1 day‐17.5 years) were included. Eighty‐seven percent (95% CI: 77%‐95%) of patients had household exposure to COVID‐19. The most common symptoms and signs were fever (53%, 95% CI: 45%‐61%), cough (39%, 95% CI: 30%‐47%), and sore throat/pharyngeal erythema (14%, 95% CI: 4%‐28%); however, 18% (95% CI: 11%‐27%) of cases were asymptomatic. The most common radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings were patchy consolidations (33%, 95% CI: 23%‐43%) and ground glass opacities (28%, 95% CI: 18%‐39%), but 36% (95% CI: 28%‐45%) of patients had normal CT images. Antiviral agents were given to 74% of patients (95% CI: 52%‐92%). Six patients, all with major underlying medical conditions, needed invasive mechanical ventilation, and one of them died. CONCLUSION: Previously healthy children with COVID‐19 have mild symptoms. The diagnosis is generally suspected from history of household exposure to COVID‐19 case. Children with COVID‐19 and major underlying condition are more likely to have severe/critical disease and poor prognosis, even death. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24869 doi: 10.1002/ppul.24869 id: cord-261075-wqtxhiy8 author: Zhang, Meng title: The nervous system——a new territory being explored of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-28 words: 3716.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261075-wqtxhiy8.txt summary: However, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can result in a broad spectrum of neurologic diseases (6) (7) (8) (9) , which is not surprising, as neurological manifestations have been reported in other respiratory viral infections, including coronavirus, but the nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 are more common and disabling, raising the worldwide concerns about its potential long-term complications to humans (10, 11) . In particular, we focused on its neurological manifestations and specific pathogenesis, as well as its comparison with other viral respiratory infections.Finally, we further summarized the significance of the neuroinvasion and the follow-up issues that need to be paid attention to by scientists, so as to help neurologists understand the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on nervous system better and promote the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of COVID-19. abstract: In December 2019, COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, then sweeping the mainland of China and the whole world rapidly. On March 4, Beijing Ditan Hospital confirmed the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid by gene sequencing, indicating the neurotropic involvement of SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, neurological manifestations in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscular were also observed, indicating the potential neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2. In particular, we focused on its neurological manifestations and specific pathogenesis, as well as its comparison with other viral respiratory infections.Finally, we further summarized the significance of the neuroinvasion and the follow-up issues that need to be paid attention to by scientists, so as to help neurologists understand the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on nervous system better and promote the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0967586820316155 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.10.056 id: cord-324528-517vb02n author: Zhang, Mo title: Terminator or accelerator? Lessons from the peer-to-peer accommodation hosts in China in responses to COVID-19 date: 2020-11-11 words: 7972.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324528-517vb02n.txt summary: To answer these questions, this study applied the awareness-motivationcapability (AMC) framework as a foundation for building a dynamic loop of decisionmaking processes to investigate P2PA host responses to COVID-19 in China during the outbreak period (January-March 2020) and the resume period (April-May 2020) . A multi-case study with semi-structured in-depth interviews of nine P2PA hosts from six cities in China was conducted to develop the dynamic loop of the AMC framework and explore the decision-making processes of hosts during the COVID-19. Also, the study highlighted the impact of capabilities, such as host-guest interaction, financial resources and the handling of legal issues, on survival under COVID-19 (Farmaki & Kaniadakis, 2020; Guttentag, 2015; Jiang et al., 2020; Kreeger & Smith, 2017; Tussyadiah & Pesonen, 2016) , while exploring that platform collaboration failed to provide support (Liang et al., 2020; Yannopoulou, 2013) . abstract: This study investigates how peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA) hosts in China have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. A multi-case study approach was adopted to depict the decision-making logic of three different types of hosts—speculators, diplomats, and entrepreneurs—based on an awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework under COVID-19. The findings highlight the role of owner motivation (profit/sharing/entrepreneurial-driven) and capabilities, such as having a unique value proposition and linkages with other hospitality experience, under COVID-19. Meanwhile, the platform collaboration capability failed to support survival during the pandemic. Moreover, the current study indicated that, after the COVID-19, entrepreneurs will continue to innovate, diplomats’ operations will remain unchanged and speculators will quit hosting. Hence, COVID-19 is an accelerator of P2P industry that reserving the hosts who embrace the original features of the P2PA sector, e.g. sharing and a focus on the experience, and eliminating the hosts who have diluted the uniqueness of the sector. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278431920303121?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102760 id: cord-317085-qc8bfb9g author: Zhang, Nan title: Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes of Diabetes Patients With COVID-19: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study in Early Outbreak in China date: 2020-09-24 words: 4754.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317085-qc8bfb9g.txt summary: In addition to general clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the severe events diabetes patients showed higher counts of white blood cells and neutrophil, lower lymphocytes (40, 76.9%), high levels of hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as compared to the non-severe diabetes patients. In addition to general clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the severe events diabetes patients showed higher counts of white blood cells and neutrophil, lower lymphocytes (40, 76.9%), high levels of hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as compared to the non-severe diabetes patients. In the present study, the clinical characteristics of 52 diabetic patients with COVID-19 from a designated hospital in Wuhan, China are described, and the risk factors associated with severe clinical events which were defined as the patients'' admission to ICU, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death are investigated. abstract: Background: Diabetes has been found to increase severity and mortality under the current pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Up to date, the clinical characteristics of diabetes patients with COVID-19 and the risk factors for poor clinical outcomes are not clearly understood. Methods: The study was retrospectively carried out on enrolled diabetes patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection from a designated medical center for COVID-19 from January 25th, 2020 to February 14th, 2020 in Wuhan, China. The medical record was collected and reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the risk factors associated with the severe events which were defined as a composite endpoint of admission to intensive care unit, the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results: A total of 52 diabetes patients with COVID-19 were finally included in the study. 21 (40.4%) patients had developed severe events in 27.50 (IQR 12.25–35.75) days follow-up, 15 (28.8%) patients experienced life-threatening complications and 8 patients died with a recorded mortality rate of 15.4%. Only 13 patients (41.9%) were in optimal glycemic control with HbA1c value of <7.0%. In addition to general clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the severe events diabetes patients showed higher counts of white blood cells and neutrophil, lower lymphocytes (40, 76.9%), high levels of hs-CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) as compared to the non-severe diabetes patients. Mild higher level of cardiac troponin I (cTNI) (32.0 pg/ml; IQR 16.80–55.00) and D-dimer (1.70 μg/L, IQR 0.70–2.40) were found in diabetes patients with severe events as compared to the non-severe patients (cTNI:20.00 pg/ml, IQR5.38–30.00, p = 0.019; D-dimer: 0.70 μg/L, IQR 0.30–2.40, p = 0.037). After adjusting age and sex, increased level of cTNI was found to significantly associate with the incidence of severe events (HR: 1.007; 95% CI: 1.000–1.013; p = 0.048), Furthermore, using of α-glucosidase inhibitors was found to be the potential protectant for severe events (HR: 0.227; 95% CI: 0.057–0.904; p = 0.035). Conclusion: Diabetes patients with COVID-19 showed poor clinical outcomes. Vigorous monitoring of cTNI should be recommended for the diabetes patients with COVID-19. Usage of α-glucosidase inhibitors could be a potential protectant for the diabetes patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33071977/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571037 id: cord-338756-jzz250o1 author: Zhang, Nan title: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study date: 2020-07-15 words: 1645.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338756-jzz250o1.txt summary: title: Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 42 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study This study described the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pointed out the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes. In December 2019, novel cases of pneumonia appeared in China, with its etiology known as SARS-CoV-2 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] , predominantly were transmitted from human-to-human [6, 7] and clinical syndrome termed as -coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)‖, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Data including age, gender, underlying diseases, clinical signs and symptoms, virus detection, computed tomography (CT) findings, treatments, routine blood and biochemistry, coagulation function, infection-related biomarkers, and routine urine etc., was gathered. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who died of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities include being male and those with underlying comorbidities. abstract: This study described the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients who died from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pointed out the potential risk factors associated with fatal outcomes. Retrospective data from 42 death cases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection at Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China was analyzed. Demographics, clinical detection, laboratory findings, and treatments of the deceased were collected and analyzed. The average time between onset of symptoms and admission to the hospitals was 11 ± 5 days of hospitalization. Among the deceased, 60% were with co-morbidities. All of them were having fever and bilateral pneumonia on computed tomography, abnormal infection-related biomarkers, and renal impairment. Abnormal blood coagulation parameters that appeared in more than half of them, were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. All of the patients were treated in the ICU. Based on the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection carries a risk of mortality, we may infer a few older male patients with underlying comorbidities are likely to have the increased risk. Impaired consciousness level, markers of renal impairment and coagulation abnormalities may be poor prognostic factors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838284/ doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.07.007 id: cord-324776-upfguze6 author: Zhang, Peihua title: Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates date: 2020-10-17 words: 1811.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324776-upfguze6.txt summary: title: Elevated interleukin-6 and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates This study aimed to evaluate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) level with the poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by utilizing a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates. The results based on random-effects model indicated that elevated value of IL-6 was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (pooled effect = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.31, I(2) = 90.7%). Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the association of IL-6 level with the adverse outcomes of COVID-19 patients by utilizing a meta-analysis on the basis of adjusted effect estimates. The results of subgroup analysis only based on prospective studies showed that elevated IL-6 values were also significantly associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients (pooled effect = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14) (Fig. S2b) . abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) level with the poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients by utilizing a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates. We searched the keywords from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE on August 14, 2020. The pooled effects and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Stata 11.2. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was implemented to assess the stability of the results. Begg’s test and Egger’s test were conducted to assess the publication bias. Sixteen articles with 8752 COVID-19 patients were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results based on random-effects model indicated that elevated value of IL-6 was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (pooled effect = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.31, I(2) = 90.7%). Subgroup analysis stratified by disease outcomes showed consistent results (severe: pooled effect = 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.31; ICU (intensive care unit) admission: pooled effect = 1.90, 95% CI 1.04–3.47; death: pooled effect = 3.57, 95% CI 2.10–6.07). Meta-regression indicated that study design was a source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was existent in our analysis (Begg’s test: P = 0.007; Egger’s test: P < 0.001). In conclusion, the elevated IL-6 level is an independent risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00251-020-01179-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33067641/ doi: 10.1007/s00251-020-01179-1 id: cord-202824-jb47s9qt author: Zhang, Pengyi title: DRR4Covid: Learning Automated COVID-19 Infection Segmentation from Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs date: 2020-08-26 words: 5899.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-202824-jb47s9qt.txt summary: Thus, we expect to take advantages of the public CT scans with voxel-level annotations of COVID-19 infection and the correlation between DRR and CXRs to realize automatic infection segmentation based on CXRs. main insight behind these approaches is to extract domain-invariant representations by embedding domain adaptation modules in the pipeline of deep learning [31] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] . In our implementation of DRR4Covid, we directly use an off-the-shelf MMDbased domain adaptation approach, i.e., LMMD proposed by Zhu et al [34] , to enable the deep models trained on DRRs to generalize to real CXRs. Segmentation is an essential step in automated infection measurement and COVID-19 diagnosis, which can provide the delineation of the regions of interest (ROIs), e.g., infected regions or lesions, in the CXRs for further assessment and quantification. The basic workflow of DDR4Covid involves generating DRRs with pixel-level infection annotations from CT scans, and training deep models on synthetic labeled DRRs and unlabeled CXRs by using the domain adaptation module. abstract: Automated infection measurement and COVID-19 diagnosis based on Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is important for faster examination. We propose a novel approach, called DRR4Covid, to learn automated COVID-19 diagnosis and infection segmentation on CXRs from digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs). DRR4Covid comprises of an infection-aware DRR generator, a classification and/or segmentation network, and a domain adaptation module. The infection-aware DRR generator is able to produce DRRs with adjustable strength of radiological signs of COVID-19 infection, and generate pixel-level infection annotations that match the DRRs precisely. The domain adaptation module is introduced to reduce the domain discrepancy between DRRs and CXRs by training networks on unlabeled real CXRs and labeled DRRs together.We provide a simple but effective implementation of DRR4Covid by using a domain adaptation module based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), and a FCN-based network with a classification header and a segmentation header. Extensive experiment results have confirmed the efficacy of our method; specifically, quantifying the performance by accuracy, AUC and F1-score, our network without using any annotations from CXRs has achieved a classification score of (0.954, 0.989, 0.953) and a segmentation score of (0.957, 0.981, 0.956) on a test set with 794 normal cases and 794 positive cases. Besides, we estimate the sensitive of X-ray images in detecting COVID-19 infection by adjusting the strength of radiological signs of COVID-19 infection in synthetic DRRs. The estimated detection limit of the proportion of infected voxels in the lungs is 19.43%, and the estimated lower bound of the contribution rate of infected voxels is 20.0% for significant radiological signs of COVID-19 infection. Our codes will be made publicly available at https://github.com/PengyiZhang/DRR4Covid. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.11478v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-268760-31i0mpvn author: Zhang, Qian title: Anosmia and Ageusia as the Only Indicators of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-01 words: 2109.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268760-31i0mpvn.txt summary: There is currently a lack of published case reports describing COVID-19 patients with the sole symptoms of anosmia and ageusia in the United States of America. This case report details a 60year-old woman with the chief complaint of right-sided headache along with anosmia and ageusia but was eventually found to be SARS-COV-2 positive. The most common COVID-19 symptoms include fever (43.8% on initial presentation and 88.7% during hospitalization), cough (67.8%), nasal congestion (4.8%), nausea or vomiting (5.0%), and diarrhea (3.8%) based on a research study of 1099 patients from China. Our patient had a very low clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection, as she was afebrile along with no respiratory symptoms despite having anosmia and ageusia in the setting of headache caused by trigeminal neuralgia. Awareness of a possible COVID-19 infection should be raised in patients with the sole presentation of anosmia and ageusia despite the lack of published case reports or research findings on its exact mechanisms of action. abstract: The patient is a 60-year-old woman with a history of vertigo and seasonal allergies who presented to the hospital with the chief complaint of headache. Radiological findings were negative for intracranial abnormalities. The headache was due to trigeminal neuralgia. She had concurrent complaints of anosmia and ageusia without fever, respiratory symptoms, or obvious risk factors. However, it was determined to test the patient for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection despite extremely low clinical suspicion. Unfortunately, she was found to be COVID-19 positive after she was discharged from the hospital while she remained asymptomatic. There is currently a lack of published case reports describing COVID-19 patients with the sole symptoms of anosmia and ageusia in the United States of America. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32494532/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.7918 id: cord-262010-y1hevlxd author: Zhang, Qiongshuai title: Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in adjuvant treatment of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-07-10 words: 1885.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262010-y1hevlxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262010-y1hevlxd.txt summary: title: Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in adjuvant treatment of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis METHODS: Nine electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database (Wanfang) and 2 clinical trials register platforms: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) will be searched for RCTs of A&M for COVID-19. We will search 9 electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science(WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP) and Wan Fang database (Wanfang) to identify literature of RCTs of A&M for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). abstract: BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus has infected 4.33 million people in more than 200 countries in the current global outbreak of COVID-19. However, there is still no effective drug to treat the disease, and acupuncture and moxibustion is utilized as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: Nine electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database (Wanfang) and 2 clinical trials register platforms: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) will be searched for RCTs of A&M for COVID-19. The screening process will be developed by 2 independent reviewers, and meta-analysis will be performed with RevMan (V5.3.5) software. RESULTS: The study results will be contributed to a scientific journal after peer-reviewed for publication. CONCLUSION: The study will provide up-to-date evidence of the effectiveness and safety of A&M for patients with COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020185776 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32664113/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021039 id: cord-298663-t4aui90j author: Zhang, Qiongshuai title: The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date: 2020-06-12 words: 1611.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298663-t4aui90j.txt summary: title: The efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule (JHQG) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis METHODS: We are going to search the electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science (WOS), Google scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database (Wanfang) for published clinical trails and search clinical trials register platforms of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) for ongoing trials of Jinhua Qinggan granule for COVID-19. The primary outcomes of the included studies contain Clinical symptom disappearance rate and the secondary outcomes obtain: TCM syndrome scale score, Hamilton anxiety scale score, and adverse events. Two reviewers (CF and XQ) will review all the included studies and extract data contain items of title, first author, publication year, country, publication language, journal, information of participants: gender, age, study design, sample size, intervention, controls, type of measures, primary and second outcomes and other detail information. abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, the global number of infected novel coronavirus has exceeded 2.6 million and the death toll has exceeded 170,000, but the specific drug for the treatment of COVID-19 has been not appears. In the process of fighting COVID-19 in China, JHQG has been promoted by the Chinese government and widely used in the treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of JHQG for COVID-19. METHODS: We are going to search the electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science (WOS), Google scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific and Journal Database (VIP), Wan Fang database (Wanfang) for published clinical trails and search clinical trials register platforms of Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) and ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) for ongoing trials of Jinhua Qinggan granule for COVID-19. The primary outcomes of the included studies contain Clinical symptom disappearance rate and the secondary outcomes obtain: TCM syndrome scale score, Hamilton anxiety scale score, and adverse events. We will use RevMan V5.3 software to perform the calculations. PRISMA-P checklist was used in writing this report. RESULTS: The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. CONCLUSION: This study will provide a high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granule on patients with COVID-19. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020181919. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020531 doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020531 id: cord-178783-894gkrsk author: Zhang, Rui title: Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 via Knowledge Graph Completion date: 2020-10-19 words: 8155.0 sentences: 496.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-178783-894gkrsk.txt summary: In one early study, a virus-related knowledge graph which consists of drug-target and protein-protein interactions and similarity networks from publicly available databases (e.g., DrugBank [36] , ChEMBL [37] , BioGRID [38] ) was constructed and network-based machine learning and statistical analysis were used to predict an initial list of COVID-19 drug candidates. SemMedDB has supported a wide range of computational applications, ranging from gene regulatory network inference [76] to in silico screening for drug repurposing [55] and medical reasoning [77] , and has also found widespread use for literature-based knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation [44, 48, [78] [79] [80] . In this study, we trained our models on semantic relations extracted from publications dated 03/11/2020 or earlier and tested whether they can predict the drugs that have been proposed for COVID-19 since then or have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we proposed an approach that combines literature-based discovery and knowledge graph completion for COVID-19 drug repurposing. abstract: Objective: To discover candidate drugs to repurpose for COVID-19 using literature-derived knowledge and knowledge graph completion methods. Methods: We propose a novel, integrative, and neural network-based literature-based discovery (LBD) approach to identify drug candidates from both PubMed and COVID-19-focused research literature. Our approach relies on semantic triples extracted using SemRep (via SemMedDB). We identified an informative subset of semantic triples using filtering rules and an accuracy classifier developed on a BERT variant, and used this subset to construct a knowledge graph. Five SOTA, neural knowledge graph completion algorithms were used to predict drug repurposing candidates. The models were trained and assessed using a time slicing approach and the predicted drugs were compared with a list of drugs reported in the literature and evaluated in clinical trials. These models were complemented by a discovery pattern-based approach. Results: Accuracy classifier based on PubMedBERT achieved the best performance (F1= 0.854) in classifying semantic predications. Among five knowledge graph completion models, TransE outperformed others (MR = 0.923, Hits@1=0.417). Some known drugs linked to COVID-19 in the literature were identified, as well as some candidate drugs that have not yet been studied. Discovery patterns enabled generation of plausible hypotheses regarding the relationships between the candidate drugs and COVID-19. Among them, five highly ranked and novel drugs (paclitaxel, SB 203580, alpha 2-antiplasmin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and butylated hydroxytoluene) with their mechanistic explanations were further discussed. Conclusion: We show that an LBD approach can be feasible for discovering drug candidates for COVID-19, and for generating mechanistic explanations. Our approach can be generalized to other diseases as well as to other clinical questions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.09600v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-320681-b3ui95vx author: Zhang, Rui title: COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment date: 2020-06-01 words: 4138.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320681-b3ui95vx.txt summary: Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that melatonin will have supportive adjuvant utility in treating COVID-19 induced pneumonia, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected animal model, marked inflammatory and immune responses may activate a "cytokine storm", and apoptosis of epithelial cells and endothelial cells; subsequently, vascular leakage, abnormal T cell and macrophages responses ensue and induce ALI/ARDS or even death [13] . The amplification of the inflammatory response would promote cellular apoptosis or We postulated that lungs infected by SARS-CoV-2, and a suppressed immune response, elevated inflammation and excessive oxidation stress proceed unabated, this results in the activation of the cytokine storm. abstract: Abstract This article summarizes the likely benefits of melatonin in the attenuation of COVID-19 based on its putative pathogenesis. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has become a pandemic with tens of thousands of infected patients. Based on clinical features, pathology, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory disorder induced by either highly homogenous coronaviruses or other pathogens, the evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death. Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. Additional experiments and clinical studies are required to confirm this speculation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32217117/ doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117583 id: cord-253343-3dmuxts5 author: Zhang, Ruochi title: COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images date: 2020-09-21 words: 4078.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253343-3dmuxts5.txt summary: title: COVID19XrayNet: A Two-Step Transfer Learning Model for the COVID-19 Detecting Problem Based on a Limited Number of Chest X-Ray Images A two-step transfer learning model (COVID19XrayNet) was proposed to provide a candidate solution for training an accurate neural network model using the existing small dataset of COVID-19 X-ray images. Firstly, a pre-trained deep residual network (DRN) model ResNet34 was fine-tuned on a large dataset of pneumonia chest X-ray images. The pre-trained model ResNet34 may be used to detect COVID-19 patients based on the chest X-ray images through fine-tuning on a small dataset of COVID-19 images. This study transferred the pre-trained ResNet34 model to the COVID-19 detection problem based on the chest X-ray images. In the first step of our pipeline, the pre-trained model ResNet34 was transferred to the dataset dsPneumonia and the proposed framework COVID19XrayNet(2) was utilized to tune the parameters of the internal layers. abstract: COVID19XrayNet, a two-step transfer learning framework designed for biomedical images. [Image: see text] url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959234/ doi: 10.1007/s12539-020-00393-5 id: cord-322054-whjisspt author: Zhang, S. title: Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-05-11 words: 3482.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322054-whjisspt.txt summary: title: Concerns about disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic We aimed to investigate the disease status, concerns about management, and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic imposes a negative impact on the disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients. The effects on SAPHO syndrome therapy during COVID-19 epidemic Therapeutic medication used during the epidemic was variable, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or glucocorticosteroids (47, 29.9%), biologicals (27, 17.2%), traditional Chinese medicine (111, 70.7%), and drugs for external use (11, 7 .0%). We presented a detailed analysis of psychological stress of SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic under different disease conditions and disease manifestations. The data showed that the epidemic had a negative psychological effect on SAPHO patients and led to their worries about disease conditions. abstract: Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic brings potentially impact on the care of patients with rheumatic diseases, including SAPHO syndrome. We aimed to investigate the disease status, concerns about management, and psychological stress in SAPHO patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. Method A structured questionnaire was distributed online to patients with SAPHO syndrome enrolled in a Chinese cohort study on March 3rd, 2020. Patients were ask about the current treatments, disease status, and concerns about disease management during the epidemic. Psychologic stress (scored from 0 to 10 points) and psychological problems were reported by the patients. Results A total of 157 patients (mean age 38.4 {+/-} 12.3 years, 66.9% females) were included in the study. None of the patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Sixty-five (41.4%) patients worried about their disease conditions during the epidemic with concerns including medication shortage (73.8%), delay of consultation (46.2%), and disease aggravation (61.5%). Sixty-seven (42.7%) patients had medication withdrawal or dose reduction due to lack of drugs, irregular daily schedule or subjective reasons. The most common psychological problems reported was little interest or pleasure in doing things (66.2%). Patients with progressive disease condition were more distressed and disturbed by the epidemic. Patients with nail involvement felt more worried about their disease conditions than patients without (59.6% vs 31.0%, p =0. 001). Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic imposes a negative impact on the disease management and psychological stress in SAPHO patients. Patients' access to specialty care and medication well as mental stress is of great concern. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.07.20084087v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20084087 id: cord-259129-4dio8us0 author: Zhang, S. X. title: Succumbing to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Healthcare Workers not Satisfied and Intend to Leave Their Jobs date: 2020-05-24 words: 2495.0 sentences: 169.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259129-4dio8us0.txt summary: Methods: Between 10 to 30 April, 2020, 240 healthcare workers in Bolivia completed a cross-sectional online survey, which assessed their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study presents the first attempt to document healthcare workers'' job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention, and their predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic. We predict the job-related outcome variables by not only the risk factors of mental health issues identified by the literature, but also healthcare workers'' job-related characteristics, such as office days, and whether they are temporary staff or redeployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. . https://doi.org/10.1101 evidence-based screening for mental health, job satisfaction, and turnover issues of their staff during the COVID-19 pandemic (Yang et al., 2020) . This study presents the first attempt to identify which healthcare workers have more or less job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Background: Healthcare workers are under such a tremendous amount of pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic that many have become concerned about their jobs and even intend to leave them. It is paramount for healthcare workers to feel satisfied with their jobs and lives during a pandemic. Methods: Between 10 to 30 April, 2020, 240 healthcare workers in Bolivia completed a cross-sectional online survey, which assessed their job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The results revealed that their number of office days predicted job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention, but the relationships varied by their age. For example, office days of healthcare workers negatively predicted job satisfaction for the young (e.g. at 25 years old: b=-0.21; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.60) but positively predicted job satisfaction for the old (e.g. at 65 years old: b=0.25; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.44). Conclusions: These findings provide evidence to enable healthcare organizations to identify staff concerned about job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and turnover intention to enable early actions so that these staff can remain motivated to fight the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: healthcare staff; office days; Latin America; occupational well-being; risk factors; COVID-19 url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.22.20110809v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110809 id: cord-307291-2jhrd9ex author: Zhang, S. X. title: Beyond predicting the number of infections: predicting who is likely to be COVID negative or positive date: 2020-05-05 words: 3159.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307291-2jhrd9ex.txt summary: This study provides the first attempt to identify people at greater risk of COVID-19 infection, enabling more targeted infectious disease prevention and control, which are especially important in the ongoing shortage of COVID-19 testing. Given the testing shortage in many countries, we identify a novel approach to predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection by a set of personal and work situation characteristics, in order to help to identify individuals with more or less risk of contracting the virus. Participants also reported whether they had chronic health issues (no; unsure; yes), exercise hours per day in the past week, working situation (worked from home; worked in workplace; stopped work due to COVID-19; unemployed), and Patient Health . . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.20086348 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 2 shows the ordered logistic regressions analysis predicting the likelihood of being COVID-19 negative from the alternatives (i.e. being unsure or positive). abstract: This study provides the first attempt to identify people at greater risk of COVID-19 infection, enabling more targeted infectious disease prevention and control, which are especially important in the ongoing shortage of COVID-19 testing. We conducted a primary survey of 521 adults on April 1-10, 2020 in Iran, where the official infection rate was 0.08%. In our sample, 3% reported being COVID-19 positive and 15% were unsure of their status. This relatively high positive rate enabled us to conduct the analysis at the 5% significance level. At the time of the survey, 44% of the adults worked from home; 26% still went to work in their workplaces; 27% had stopped working due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3% were unemployed. Adults who exercised more were more likely to be COVID-19 negative. Each additional hour of exercise per day predicted a 78% increase in the likelihood of being COVID-19 negative. Adults with chronic medical illnesses were 48% more likely to be COVID-19 negative. In terms of work situation, those who worked from home were the most likely to be COVID-19 negative, and those who had stopped working were the most likely to be COVID-19 positive. Individuals in larger organizations were less likely to be COVID-19 positive. Given the testing shortage in many countries, we identify a novel approach to predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection by a set of personal and work situation characteristics, in order to help to identify individuals with more or less risk of contracting the virus. We hope this research opens a new research avenue to identify the individual risk factors of COVID-19 infection to enable more targeted infectious disease prevention, communication, testing, and control to complement the effort to expand testing capacity. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.20086348v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086348 id: cord-351885-hjw1940x author: Zhang, S. X. title: First study on mental distress in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-04-23 words: 2724.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351885-hjw1940x.txt summary: Methods: We conducted a primary survey of 638 adults in Brazil on March 25-28, 2020, about one month (32 days) after the first COVID-19 case in South America was confirmed in Sao Paulo. Building from early research evidence on mental health in China and Iran, where the COVID-19 outbreak occurred earlier, 7, 8, 11 we explore several predictors of distress during the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. We assessed the participants'' socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, educational level, the number of children under 18 years old, geographic location, whether they were COVID-19 positive, their exercise hours per day during the past week, and their workplace attendance. The distance from the epicenter is emerging as an interesting predictor of mental health in the crisis literature, and this study found the distance effect depended on individuals'' age and workplace attendance. We found gender, age, education, exercise, and distance from the epicenter all predicted distress in adults in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis. abstract: Objective: We aim to provide the first evidence of mental distress and its associated predictors among adults in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a primary survey of 638 adults in Brazil on March 25-28, 2020, about one month (32 days) after the first COVID-19 case in South America was confirmed in Sao Paulo. Results: In Brazil, 52% (332) of the sampled adults experienced mild or moderate distress, and 18.8% (120) suffered severe distress. Adults who were female, younger, more educated, and exercised less report-ed higher levels of distress. The distance from the Brazilian epicenter of Sao Paulo inter-acted with age and workplace attendance to predict the level of distress. The typhoon eye effect was stronger for people who were older or attended their workplace less. The most vulnerable adults were those who were far from the epicenter and did not go to their workplace in the week before the survey. Conclusion: Identifying the predictors of distress enables mental health services to better target finding and helping the more mentally vulnerable adults during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.18.20070896v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070896 id: cord-298426-hhly45md author: Zhang, Shan-Yan title: Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China date: 2020-07-08 words: 3726.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298426-hhly45md.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should pay close attention to these features in patients with COVID-19 including older age, male, fever, cough, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension to identify the severity of illness as early as possible. Hence, the aim of our study is to summarize the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiograph findings, treatments, and outcomes of different subtypes of patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province. We conducted a retrospective study investigating on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiograph, treatments and outcomes characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province from 17 January to 12 February 2020. Several risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 were identified in our study including male, fever, cough, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypertension, and higher age-grading. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now becoming an enormous threat to public health. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is extensive, of which critical cases are with rapid disease progression and high mortality. The aim of our study is to summarize the characteristics of different subtypes and explore risk factors of illness severity for early identification and prompt treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we collected data of patients confirmed COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province from 17 January to 12 February 2020. According to the definition of clinical classification, we divided confirmed cases into four types, and summarize epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiograph findings, treatments, and outcomes, respectively. Moreover, we used univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models to explore risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 788 patients were enrolled in our study, of whom 52 cases (6.6%) were mild type, 658 cases (83.5%) were common type, 61 cases (7.2%) were severe type, and 17 cases (2.2%) were critical type. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression demonstrated increasing odds of the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 associated with male (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.6 P = 0.008), fever (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1–6.3, P < 0.001), cough (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.9, P = 0.041), hemoptysis (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1–10.3, P = 0.032), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0–3.5, P = 0.047), hypertension (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.6, P = 0.013). With the increase of age-grading, risk for the severity of illness was gradually higher (≤ 18 years [OR = 1.0], 19–40 years [OR = 12.7, 95% CI: 4.5–36.0, P < 0.001], 41–65 years [OR = 14.8, 95% CI: 5.2–42.1, P < 0.001], ≥ 66 years [OR = 56.5, 95% CI: 17.1–186.5, P < 0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should pay close attention to these features in patients with COVID-19 including older age, male, fever, cough, hemoptysis, gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertension to identify the severity of illness as early as possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32641121/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00710-6 id: cord-351600-bqw9ks4a author: Zhang, Shuai title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study date: 2020-07-16 words: 4916.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351600-bqw9ks4a.txt summary: title: Development and validation of a risk factor-based system to predict short-term survival in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 28-day mortality and develop a nomogram scoring system for predicting 28-day survival probability among patients with COVID-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of global concern. We aimed to explore the risk factors of 14-day and 28-day mortality and develop a model for predicting 14-day and 28-day survival probability among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, we examined 828 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Wuhan Union Hospital and Central Hospital of Wuhan between January 12 and February 9, 2020. Among the 828 patients, 516 and 186 consecutive patients admitted in Wuhan Union Hospital were enrolled in the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. A total of 126 patients hospitalized in Central Hospital of Wuhan were enrolled in a second external validation cohort. Demographic, clinical, radiographic, and laboratory measures; treatment; proximate causes of death; and 14-day and 28-day mortality are described. Patients’ data were collected by reviewing the medical records, and their 14-day and 28-day outcomes were followed up. RESULTS: Of the 828 patients, 146 deaths were recorded until May 18, 2020. In the training set, multivariate Cox regression indicated that older age, lactate dehydrogenase level over 360 U/L, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio higher than 8.0, and direct bilirubin higher than 5.0 μmol/L were independent predictors of 28-day mortality. Nomogram scoring systems for predicting the 14-day and 28-day survival probability of patients with COVID-19 were developed and exhibited strong discrimination and calibration power in the two external validation cohorts (C-index, 0.878 and 0.839). CONCLUSION: Older age, high lactate dehydrogenase level, evaluated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and high direct bilirubin level were independent predictors of 28-day mortality in adult hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The nomogram system based on the four factors revealed good discrimination and calibration, suggesting good clinical utility. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03123-x id: cord-297236-wnuvofwr author: Zhang, Si title: SARS-CoV-2 binds platelet ACE2 to enhance thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-04 words: 10404.0 sentences: 646.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297236-wnuvofwr.txt summary: SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly enhanced platelet activation such as platelet aggregation, PAC-1 binding, CD62P expression, α granule secretion, dense granule release, platelet spreading, and clot retraction in vitro, and thereby Spike protein enhanced thrombosis formation in wild-type mice transfused with hACE2 transgenic platelets, but this was not observed in animals transfused with wild-type platelets in vivo. However, similar to the results from the SARS-CoV-2 virus experiments, we were able to demonstrate that the Spike protein dose-dependently enhanced platelet aggregation and ATP release (Additional file 1: Online Figure 6 ). In addition, the Spike protein potentiated platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to agonists in vitro and enhanced thrombosis formation in vivo on hACE2 transgenic mice, while it had no effect on wild-type mice ( Fig. 6c and Additional file 1: Online Figure 8 ). abstract: BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 may develop a pro-thrombotic state that places them at a dramatically increased lethal risk. Although platelet activation is critical for thrombosis and is responsible for the thrombotic events and cardiovascular complications, the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains unclear. METHODS: Using platelets from healthy volunteers, non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients, as well as wild-type and hACE2 transgenic mice, we evaluated the changes in platelet and coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients. We investigated ACE2 expression and direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on platelets by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and platelet functional studies in vitro, FeCl(3)-induced thrombus formation in vivo, and thrombus formation under flow conditions ex vivo. RESULTS: We demonstrated that COVID-19 patients present with increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet hyperactivity, which correlated with a decrease in overall platelet count. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood stream was associated with platelet hyperactivity in critically ill patients. Platelets expressed ACE2, a host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2, a serine protease for Spike protein priming. SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly enhanced platelet activation such as platelet aggregation, PAC-1 binding, CD62P expression, α granule secretion, dense granule release, platelet spreading, and clot retraction in vitro, and thereby Spike protein enhanced thrombosis formation in wild-type mice transfused with hACE2 transgenic platelets, but this was not observed in animals transfused with wild-type platelets in vivo. Further, we provided evidence suggesting that the MAPK pathway, downstream of ACE2, mediates the potentiating role of SARS-CoV-2 on platelet activation, and that platelet ACE2 expression decreases following SARS-COV-2 stimulation. SARS-CoV-2 and its Spike protein directly stimulated platelets to facilitate the release of coagulation factors, the secretion of inflammatory factors, and the formation of leukocyte–platelet aggregates. Recombinant human ACE2 protein and anti-Spike monoclonal antibody could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-induced platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings uncovered a novel function of SARS-CoV-2 on platelet activation via binding of Spike to ACE2. SARS-CoV-2-induced platelet activation may participate in thrombus formation and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-00954-7 doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00954-7 id: cord-258817-9xzjlegx author: Zhang, Stephen X. title: At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-05 words: 1205.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258817-9xzjlegx.txt summary: This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. This study reports the health conditions (SF-12, K6, PHQ-4) and job satisfaction of healthcare staff during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran in early April. PPE access predicted better physical health and job satisfaction, and lower distress. Taken together, the results suggest distinct predictor patterns for healthcare staff''s mental health in Iran versus China, resonating with an earlier study of an Iranian public sample (Jahanshahi et al., 2020) . Our results corroborate their suggestions and call for future research to identify mental health predictors for the public and healthcare staff in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries vary in their medical systems and clinical capacity, future studies should examine healthcare workers'' health conditions and their predictors in individual countries, given protecting their health and satisfaction is paramount during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. In a sample of 304 healthcare staff (doctors, nurses, radiologists, technicians, etc.), we found a sizable portion reached the cutoff levels of disorders in anxiety (28.0%), depression (30.6%), and distress (20.1%). Age, gender, education, access to PPE (personal protective equipment), healthcare institutions (public vs. private), and individual status of COVID-19 infection each predicted some but not all the outcome variables of SF-12, PHQ-4, K6, and job satisfaction. The healthcare workers varied greatly in their access to PPE and in their status of COVID-19 infection: negative (69.7%), unsure (28.0%), and positive (2.3%). The predictors were also different from those identified in previous studies of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 crisis in China. This study helps to identify the healthcare staff in need to enable more targeted help as healthcare staff in many countries are facing peaks in their COVID-19 cases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0889159120307832 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.010 id: cord-266791-ng1xlvkf author: Zhang, W. title: Leukopenia of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections under 18 Years Old in Recovery Stage date: 2020-05-26 words: 3610.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266791-ng1xlvkf.txt summary: To compare the difference of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in recovery stage between confirmed and asymptomatic infections. Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital in Guiyang, China, from January 29, to March 31, 2020; final date of follow-up was April 22. Conclusions Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic COVID-19 infections under 18 years old compared with the confirmed patients. [11] [12] [13] We aim to compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and physiological test data of asymptomatic patients and symptomatic group, explored whether there were significant differences between the two groups, so as to provide a theoretical basis for later clinical diagnosis and related studies. Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic patients under 18 years old with COVID-19 than in those with confirmed infections. abstract: Background In December, 2019, a type of novel coronavirus which was designated novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) by World Health Organization (WHO) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of those patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage are limited. To compare the difference of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in recovery stage between confirmed and asymptomatic infections. Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort study of COVID-19 involving 25 patients under 18 years old in the recovery stage at Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital in Guiyang, China, from January 29, to March 31, 2020; final date of follow-up was April 22. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 infections and asymptomatic infections were compared. Results Among the 25 COVID infections under 18 years old, 16 (64%) were mild or moderate confirmed cases, and 9 (36%) were asymptomatic. The shortest treatment period was 6 days, the longest 26 days, and the average treatment period 14 days. Four cases (44.4%) had visited Wuhan or had a living story in the city. There were 9 (100%) asymptomatic cases were familial cluster outbreak, with an average infection number was 6 cases among all families. The number of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections with leukopenia were significantly more than confirmed cases (p=0.04). Conclusions Leukopenia mostly occurred in asymptomatic COVID-19 infections under 18 years old compared with the confirmed patients. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.21.20074682v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20074682 id: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author: Zhang, Wen-rui title: Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-09 words: 2832.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt summary: Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic had high prevalence rates of severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our report found potential risk factors for medical health workers to develop insomnia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Independent factors (i.e., currently having organic disease, living in rural areas, being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients in hospitals, or being female) were common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical health workers. abstract: OBJECTIVE: We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). RESULTS: Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639 doi: 10.1159/000507639 id: cord-316126-j51dik7f author: Zhang, X. Sophie title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 words: 12434.0 sentences: 576.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2''s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. This review attempts to summarize current cumulative data on SARS-CoV-2''s modes of transmission and identify gaps in research while offering preliminary answers to the question on everyone''s mind: is the airborne route significant and should we modify our COVID-19 PPE recommendations for frontline workers in low-risk settings? Given that substantial disagreement persists on the importance of natural aerosol generation by COVID-19 patients, and consequently, the necessary level of respiratory protection in non-AGP contexts, our review will focus on transmission and PPE in low-risk health care settings. abstract: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2’s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. The objective of this review is to identify and appraise the available evidence (clinical trials and laboratory studies on masks and respirators, epidemiological studies, and air sampling studies), clarify key concepts and necessary conditions for airborne transmission, and shed light on knowledge gaps in the field. We find that, except for aerosol-generating procedures, the overall data in support of airborne transmission—taken in its traditional definition (long-distance and respirable aerosols)—are weak, based predominantly on indirect and experimental rather than clinical or epidemiological evidence. Consequently, we propose a revised and broader definition of “airborne,” going beyond the current droplet and aerosol dichotomy and involving short-range inhalable particles, supported by data targeting the nose as the main viral receptor site. This new model better explains clinical observations, especially in the context of close and prolonged contacts between health care workers and patients, and reconciles seemingly contradictory data in the SARS-CoV-2 literature. The model also carries important implications for personal protective equipment and environmental controls, such as ventilation, in health care settings. However, further studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to complete the picture. url: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00184-20 doi: 10.1128/cmr.00184-20 id: cord-296375-gf0mgz5x author: Zhang, Xi title: Comparison of spatiotemporal characteristics of the COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks in mainland China date: 2020-10-30 words: 3275.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296375-gf0mgz5x.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering patterns at the provincial levels in mainland China, which may be attributable to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, by collecting the daily numbers of newly confirmed COVID-19 and SARS cases during the two epidemics, we aimed to determine the spatial behavior and temporal features of the COVID-19 spread in mainland China and compared them with respective features from the SARS epidemic using spatiotemporal analysis. Incident cases infected by COVID-19 were extracted from the daily briefings on novel coronavirus cases from January 20 to March 4, 2020, provided on the official website of the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China [5] . Incident cases of SARS were extracted from daily situation reports for mainland China from April 21 to August 3, 2003 , which were posted by China.org.cn (in Chinese) and were also provided by the National Health Commission. abstract: BACKGROUND: Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are caused by coronaviruses and have infected people in China and worldwide. We aimed to investigate whether COVID-19 and SARS exhibited similar spatial and temporal features at provincial level in mainland China. METHODS: The number of people infected by COVID-19 and SARS were extracted from daily briefings on newly confirmed cases during the epidemics, as of Mar. 4, 2020 and Aug. 3, 2003, respectively. We depicted spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 and SARS epidemics using spatial statistics such as Moran’s I and the local indicators of spatial association (LISA). RESULTS: Compared to SARS, COVID-19 had a higher overall incidence. We identified 3 clusters (predominantly located in south-central China; the highest RR = 135.08, 95% CI: 128.36–142.08) for COVID-19 and 4 clusters (mainly in Northern China; the highest RR = 423.51, 95% CI: 240.96–722.32) for SARS. Fewer secondary clusters were identified after the “Wuhan lockdown”. The LISA cluster map detected a significantly high-low (Hubei) and low-high spatial clustering (Anhui, Hunan, and Jiangxi, in Central China) for COVID-19. Two significant high-high (Beijing and Tianjin) and low-high (Hebei) clusters were detected for SARS. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering patterns at the provincial levels in mainland China, which may be attributable to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05537-y. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05537-y doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05537-y id: cord-353537-skeajydw author: Zhang, Xian title: Asymptomatic Subclinical Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 without Viral Transmission in Three Independent Families date: 2020-09-24 words: 2098.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353537-skeajydw.txt summary: Their close contacts were systematically evaluated based on COVID-19-related symptoms, nucleic acid tests, serological tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) as needed to determine if they were infected by SARS-CoV-2. Three medical staff diagnosed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection by serological tests after returning to work and their family members were recruited for this study. The patients and their close contacts were systematically evaluated based on COVID-19-related symptoms, nucleic acid tests, serological tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) as needed to determine if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. All their family members-including four old people, three young persons, and three children-showed no symptoms of COVID-19, and their nucleic acid and antibody tests were negative, indicating that they were not infected. During the following 2 months more, almost covering the whole disease process, from the incubation period to the recovery period, the indexes lived together with their family members, including a nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient who is theoretically vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to impaired immune function as a result of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, without taking any protective measures. abstract: PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence indicating that considerable fractions of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection are asymptomatic. We traced three asymptomatic clusters to investigate the infectivity of subclinical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three medical staff who were asymptomatic were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 by serological tests. Their close contacts were systematically evaluated based on COVID-19-related symptoms, nucleic acid tests, serological tests, and chest computed tomography (CT) as needed to determine if they were infected by SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: None of the staff’s close contacts, including 10 family members, were infected by the indexes, even though no protective measures were taken. CONCLUSION: The infectivity of asymptomatic subclinical infection patients of coronavirus disease 2019 seems to be low. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061473/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s261304 id: cord-291150-u9v7gp37 author: Zhang, Xiao title: Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-25 words: 481.0 sentences: 39.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291150-u9v7gp37.txt summary: title: Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 Patients with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 should be invited to postpone the radiopharmaceutical imaging and treatment. For the medical staffs who inject the radiopharmaceuticals to the patients with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19, safety goggles or face shield, isolation gown, disposable latex gloves, and shoe covers are needed. In Wuhan, the center of the epidemic area, particular attention is paid to avoid the exposure to coronavirus in the Department of Nuclear Medicine. In our department, patients are required to perform chest CT and RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, to exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 before radiopharmaceutical imaging. Expert consensus on the safety prevention and control of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment during the outbreak of COVID-19 COVID-19): Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) or Persons Under Investigation for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32215677/ doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04779-x id: cord-305342-6t5il86c author: Zhang, Xiao title: Coming back to the normal clinic: how has COVID-19 changed us? date: 2020-06-12 words: 694.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305342-6t5il86c.txt summary: COVID-19 also brings changes to nuclear medicine department. The patients with positive results should be reported to the relevant infection or medical management departments, and further diagnosis or treatment will be arranged. In our department, we developed a non-contact nuclear medicine imaging appointment software. Through this software, patients can input general information such as name, gender, age, and so on; upload the test results of SARS-CoV-2; input medical history; or upload the whole processes of diagnosis and treatment. Before getting back to work, all medical staffs are also needed to test the antigen and antibody of SARS-CoV-2. All staffs are required to learn the information about COVID-19 and the prevention measurements via videoconference software. COVID-19 pandemic: guidance for nuclear medicine departments Nuclear medicine services after COVID-19: gearing up back to normality Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04906-8 doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04906-8 id: cord-274570-dcewfkmi author: Zhang, Xiao-Bo title: Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-25 words: 1252.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt summary: As concerns rose over the potential impacts of such NPI measures on children''s health, such as longer exposure to digital screens, irregular sleep pattern, weight gain, and loss of cardiorespiratory fitness [1] , the Chinese Government, experts on public health, educators on school health, and teachers have been making joint and massive efforts to provide distance learning with well-organized online courses to help. How can we cooperate with experts on public health and with educators on school health to perform health communication and to minimize the impact of the pandemic on children''s physical and mental health? In the context of such a crisis, as the National Children''s Medical Center, we launched a special project, the Child Health Initiative for Children and Adolescents (CHI) (https ://erke-he.51tin gyi.com/home/index ), to provide multidisciplinary support and services on physical and mental health, to perform health communication, and to relieve anxiety and stress. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00365-1 doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00365-1 id: cord-313355-166b6fep author: Zhang, Xiao-Jing title: In-hospital Use of Statins is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Mortality among Individuals with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 8450.0 sentences: 361.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313355-166b6fep.txt summary: To examine endpoints as a time to mortality in the statin and the non-statin group, we performed a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, gender, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), preexisting comorbidities (DM, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease), indicators of disease severity and organ injuries (lesions in chest CT, neutrophil counts increase, procalcitonin increase, D-dimer increase, ALT increase, AST increase, creatinine increase, and SpO2), LDL-c increase, cholesterol increase, medications at admission, using invasive mechanical ventilation support, and days from symptom onset to hospitalization covariates with statin therapy as a time-varying exposure. Baseline characteristic, including age, gender, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pre-existing comorbidities (DM, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease), indicators of disease severity and organ injuries (lesions in lung CT, neutrophil counts increase, procalcitonin increase, D-dimer increase, creatine increase, and SpO2), LDL-c increase, cholesterol increase, medications at admission, using invasive mechanical ventilation support, and days from symptom onset to hospitalization were adjusted in the model. abstract: Summary Statins are lipid-lowering therapeutics with favorable anti-inflammatory profiles and have been proposed as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19. However, statins may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry by inducing ACE2 expression. Here, we performed a retrospective study on 13,981 patients with COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, among which 1,219 received statins. Based on a Cox model with time-varying exposure, as well as a mixed-effect Cox model after propensity score-matching, we found that the risk for 28-day all-cause mortality was 5.2% and 9.4% in the matched statin and non-statin groups, respectively, with a hazard ratio 0.58. These results imply the potential benefits of statin therapy in hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. Further, they give support for the completion of on-going prospective studies and randomized controlled trials involving statin treatment for COVID-19, which are needed to further validate the utility of this class of drugs to combat the mortality of this pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413120303168?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.015 id: cord-300445-qzu4gz2d author: Zhang, Xiao-lei title: Pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives on the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine derivatives date: 2020-09-23 words: 7247.0 sentences: 376.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300445-qzu4gz2d.txt summary: Chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria and autoimmune diseases for decades, were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with high potency in vitro and have shown clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients. However, chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used for decades in the treatment and prevention of malaria and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, were discovered to have a high inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro [2] [3] [4] [5] and favorable clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] , and they have emerged as important therapies for COVID-19 in several countries, including China, France, USA, and India, although the mechanisms of their anti-COVID-19 effects remain unclear. abstract: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an ongoing severe pandemic. Curative drugs specific for COVID-19 are currently lacking. Chloroquine phosphate and its derivative hydroxychloroquine, which have been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria and autoimmune diseases for decades, were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection with high potency in vitro and have shown clinical and virologic benefits in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, chloroquine phosphate was first used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Later, under a limited emergency-use authorization from the FDA, hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin was used to treat COVID-19 patients in the USA, although the mechanisms of the anti-COVID-19 effects remain unclear. Preliminary outcomes from clinical trials in several countries have generated controversial results. The desperation to control the pandemic overrode the concerns regarding the serious adverse effects of chloroquine derivatives and combination drugs, including lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. The risks of these treatments have become more complex as a result of findings that COVID-19 is actually a multisystem disease. While respiratory symptoms are the major clinical manifestations, cardiovascular abnormalities, including arrhythmias, myocarditis, heart failure, and ischemic stroke, have been reported in a significant number of COVID-19 patients. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, arrhythmias, etc.) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 and death. From pharmacological and cardiovascular perspectives, therefore, the treatment of COVID-19 with chloroquine and its derivatives should be systematically evaluated, and patients should be routinely monitored for cardiovascular conditions to prevent lethal adverse events. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-00519-x doi: 10.1038/s41401-020-00519-x id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author: Zhang, Xiao-rui title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: 5854.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt summary: title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people''s Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia abstract: Aromatic Chinese herbs have been used to prevent plagues since ancient times. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases. According to the traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan in the National COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) of the National Health Commission, Chinese patent medicines or prescriptions rich in aromatic Chinese herbs are selected for prevention and treatment during the period of medical observation, clinical treatment, and recovery of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Some local health committees or traditional Chinese medicine administrations recommend a variety of other ways of using traditional aromatic Chinese herbs to prevent and cure COVID-19. These involve external fumigation, use of moxibustion, and wearing of sachet. The efficacy of aromatic Chinese herbs plays a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The unique properties, chemical composition, and mechanism of action of aromatic Chinese herbs are worthy of extensive and in-depth experimental and clinical research. The findings are expected to provide a reference for follow-up treatment of novel coronavirus and the development of corresponding drugs. In 2003, Dayuan-Yin produced excellent results in the treatment of the SARS virus. Individually, 112 confirmed cases were administered this drug between January and April 2003, and more than 93.7% of the patients showed noticeable mitigation of the symptoms, as well as recovery. Dayuan-Yin also was selected as one of the nationally recommended prescriptions for the COVID-19. Based on the national recommendation of Dayuan-Yin prescription, this review discusses the role of volatile components in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and speculates the possible mechanism of action, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101037/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651 id: cord-317371-v7hmc9sj author: Zhang, Xiaolei title: Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries date: 2020-04-20 words: 1893.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317371-v7hmc9sj.txt summary: In this paper, we employed a segmented Poisson model to analyze the available daily new cases data of the COVID-19 outbreaks in the six Western countries of the Group of Seven, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. Our analysis allowed us to make a statistical prediction on the turning point (the time that the daily new cases peak), the duration (the period that the outbreak lasts) and the attack rate (the percentage of the total population that will be infected over the course of the outbreak) for these countries. To identify the turning point and predict the further spread of COVID-19 outbreaks while accounting for governments enforcement of stay-at-home advises/orders, social distancing, lockdowns, and quarantines against COVID-19, we combine the power law with the exponential law for daily new cases based on a segmented Poisson model. abstract: In this paper, we employed a segmented Poisson model to analyze the available daily new cases data of the COVID-19 outbreaks in the six Western countries of the Group of Seven, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. We incorporated the governments’ interventions (stay-at-home advises/orders, lockdowns, quarantines and social distancing) against COVID-19 into consideration. Our analysis allowed us to make a statistical prediction on the turning point (the time that the daily new cases peak), the duration (the period that the outbreak lasts) and the attack rate (the percentage of the total population that will be infected over the course of the outbreak) for these countries. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0960077920302290 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109829 id: cord-324727-bj8oei0v author: Zhang, Xiaomei title: Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19 date: 2020-06-03 words: 1864.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324727-bj8oei0v.txt summary: The Chinese Gastroenterology Expert Group, comprising experts from the gastroenterology units and national medical aid teams of the epidemic region of Wuhan, along with the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology introduce and recommend this management consensus for digestive disorders in patients with COVID-19. Liver injury in patients with COVID-19 may be caused by either systemic inflammation or direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 22 of cholangiocytes (13) . To prevent or control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in epidemic communities, gastroenterological procedures such as esophageal pH test, gastrointestinal motility, hydrogen breath test, fecal microbiota transplantation, Helicobacter pylori breath test, and stool antigen detection are recommended for suspension or postponement until the epidemic is under control. Don''t overlook digestive symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity: Clinical presentation, stool viral RNA testing, and outcomes abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000728 doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000728 id: cord-313682-t3zhqrs9 author: Zhang, Xiaomeng title: Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients date: 2020-05-19 words: 2895.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313682-t3zhqrs9.txt summary: Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. Therefore, whether the COVID-19 patients need to undergo tracheotomy and how to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy or after tracheostomy is crucial to benefit the patients and prevent health care workers from the risk of transmission of coronavirus. Therefore, in addition to the safety of patients, the important issue of the tracheotomy is to protect the health care workers and the surgical environment to avoid nosocomial infection. According to our protocol of tracheostomy and nursing, no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. These results may be due to the fact that in the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19, the patients were often in more severe condition and percutaneous tracheostomy were preferred, because of concerns about for the safety of health care workers and the stress on medical resources. abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of COVID‐19 patients worldwide will probably need tracheostomy in an emergency or at the recovering stage of COVID‐19. We explored the safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients, to benefit patients and protect health care workers at the same time. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 11 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. RESULTS: The tracheostomy of all the 11 cases (100%) was performed successfully, including percutaneous tracheostomy of 6 cases (54.5%) and conventional open tracheostomy of 5 cases (45.5%). No severe postoperative complications occurred, and no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive evaluation before tracheostomy, optimized procedures during tracheostomy, and special care after tracheostomy can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID‐19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26261 doi: 10.1002/hed.26261 id: cord-308473-x2tfx8l9 author: Zhang, Xiu-jie title: COVID-19: What is next for nursing in public health emergency? date: 2020-06-12 words: 645.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308473-x2tfx8l9.txt summary: In China, a total of 42,000 health care providers have been sent to Hubei to support of patients with COVID-19, of whom 28,600 were nurses (68% of total as of 29 February) (SCJDCMPC., 2020). The basic and essential strategies remain the early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment of the disease , in which nurses, especially public health nurses, play an important role (Kelly., 2018) . On the other hand, the management of artificial airway, First, it is important to strengthen the training of specialized nursing talents, broaden the nursing professional field, and carry out education and training on public health emergencies. Finally, nurses play multiple roles, such as caregiver, educator, patient advocate, administrator, collaborator, coordinator, and researcher (Li., 2017) , so continued effort is important to strengthen the training of nursing, broaden the research field, for the future prevention and care of COVID-19 to provide evidences. Nurses played an important role in the medical treatment of the 2019-nCoV abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471595320304029?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102821 id: cord-261070-cvj1t0gi author: Zhang, Xue title: ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis date: 2020-05-15 words: 2982.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261070-cvj1t0gi.txt summary: title: ACEI/ARB Use and Risk of Infection or Severity or Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis To provide a quantitative estimate of the association of ACEI/ARB use with critical or mortal risk in COVID-19 patients, the ORs (most adjusted, if available) and the corresponding 95% CIs were abstracted from published articles. In subgroup analyses by type of data, no significant higher risk of mortality was When our analysis limited to the studies only included patient with antihypertensive indication, a significant lower risk of mortality was observed among those with ACEI/ARB use (OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.38-1.02, P=0.059; Figure 3 ). After excluded studies enrolled patients with hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment, the meta-analysis of four studies also found that ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared those with non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.81, P=0.006; I 2 =0%). Further analysis limited to studies only included patients with drug indication found a lower risk of mortality among those with ACEI/ARB use. abstract: We have sparse knowledge of the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on the risk of COVID-19 infection and the progression of this disease. We systematically assessed these relationships. Unrestricted searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted, with an end date of May 9, 2020, to identify relevant studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria. Random-effects models were adopted to estimate the overall relative risk. Fourteen articles involving more than 19000 COVID-19 cases were included. Our results showed that ACEI/ARB exposure is not associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95-1.04; P = 0.672). Among those with COVID-19 infection, ACEI/ARB exposure is not associated with a higher risk of severity (OR = 0.98; 95%CI 0.87-1.09; P = 0.69) or mortality (OR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.5-1.07; P = 0.111). However, ACEI/ARB exposure was associated with a lower risk of mortality compared those with non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drugs (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.81; P = 0.006). In conclusion, current evidence did not confirm previous concern regarding a harmful role of ACEI/ARB in COVID-19 patients. The present study support current professional society guidelines to not discontinue ACEIs or ARBs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32422341/ doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104927 id: cord-275216-dnt88ycw author: Zhang, Xue-Yan title: Biological, clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS and AutoDock simulation of ACE2 date: 2020-07-20 words: 4893.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275216-dnt88ycw.txt summary: This review is intended to summarize the research on this new coronavirus, to analyze the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and to provide guidance regarding new methods of prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment based on autodock simulations. Given that the epidemic is still spreading and the evidence that there are similarities among the three coronaviruses in terms of their biological, clinical and epidemiological features, a comparison among the three is very helpful to guide the improvement of treatment and prevention measures, and the similarities and differences among the three are likely to provide the key to addressing the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2002-2003, SARS-CoV caused an epidemic of severe acute respiratory diseases in China; MERS-CoV was found in the Middle East in 2012 [9, 10] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a public catastrophe and global concern. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue and lower respiratory tract infection signs. Almost all populations are susceptible to the virus, and the basic reproduction number (R(0)) is 2.8–3.9. The fight against COVID-19 should have two aspects: one is the treatment of infected patients, and the other is the mobilization of the society to avoid the spread of the virus. The treatment of patients includes supportive treatment, antiviral treatment, and oxygen therapy. For patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and circulatory support are recommended. Plasma therapy and traditional Chinese medicine have also achieved good outcomes. This review is intended to summarize the research on this new coronavirus, to analyze the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and previous outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and to provide guidance regarding new methods of prevention, diagnosis and clinical treatment based on autodock simulations. METHODS: This review compares the multifaceted characteristics of the three coronaviruses including COVID-19, SARS and MERS. Our researchers take the COVID-19, SARS, and MERS as key words and search literatures in the Pubmed database. We compare them horizontally and vertically which respectively means concluding the individual characteristics of each coronavirus and comparing the similarities and differences between the three coronaviruses. RESULTS: We searched for studies on each outbreak and their solutions and found that the main biological differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are in ORF1a and the sequence of gene spike coding protein-S. We also found that the types and severity of clinical symptoms vary, which means that the diagnosis and nursing measures also require differentiation. In addition to the common route of transmission including airborne transmission, these three viruses have their own unique routes of transmission such as fecal-oral route of transmission COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: In evolutionary history, these three coronaviruses have some similar biological features as well as some different mutational characteristics. Their receptors and routes of transmission are not all the same, which makes them different in clinical features and treatments. We discovered through the autodock simulations that Met124 plays a key role in the efficiency of drugs targeting ACE2, such as remdesivir, chloroquine, ciclesonide and niclosamide, and may be a potential target in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690096/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00691-6 id: cord-278735-bu2w2ox6 author: Zhang, Y. title: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019: Analysis of clinical symptoms in adult patients date: 2020-03-27 words: 1996.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278735-bu2w2ox6.txt summary: Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the incidence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms. [2] [3] Gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea are often seen in coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). [4] [5] Recent studies report that gastrointestinal tract symptoms are rarely observed in COVID-19 patients, 2-3 observed in about 3.0% of cases. Coronavirus is a large virus family that can cause various conditions ranging from the common cold to severe infectious diseases such as SARS and MERS.8 COVID-19 is a recently discovered infection in humans and is now considered a pandemic. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. In conclusion, gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the incidence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Design: We enrolled adult COVID-19 patients from a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan with a definitive diagnosis by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in which the patient selected COVID-19-related symptoms and report the time of onset and duration of symptoms. Results: A total of 212 adults were enrolled in this study, of which 127 (59.9%) were females, mean age was 48.50 (range: 17-79) years, and mean disease course was 26.78 (3-60) days. Fever and cough were the most common and earliest clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Diarrhoea occurred in 43.8% (93/212) of patients, of which 86.0% (80/93) had mushy stools. Nausea and vomiting were also common (20.7%). Diarrhoea lasted for 4.00(2.00-8.85) days and mostly occurred 5.00(0.25-11.00) days after the emergence of the first symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis found that diarrhoea was significantly correlated with fatigue [OR2.900,95%CI (1.629-5.164), p<0.0001]. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in COVID-19 and most occur during the middle stage of the disease and lasts for a short period of time. Clinicians need to pay greater attention to gastrointestinal tract symptoms of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.23.20040279 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20040279 id: cord-306670-c2jm0g88 author: Zhang, Yan title: Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date: 2020-05-22 words: 3134.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306670-c2jm0g88.txt summary: COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (11.1% vs. In the current study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 258 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and compared the differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory markers, treatment strategies, and short-term prognosis including death between patients with and without diabetes. We found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severely or critically ill subtypes, including more complications with ARDS, acute cardiac injury, resulting in receiving more antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, we found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes also had preexisting cardiovascular disease, and were more susceptible to having acute cardiac injury during hospitalization, which might increase the possibility of short-term poor prognosis in patients with diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: Abstract The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, and was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diabetes is an established risk associated with poor clinical outcomes, but the association of diabetes with COVID-19 has not been reported yet. Methods In this cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed 258 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes at the West Court of Union Hospital in Wuhan, China, recruited from January 29 to February 12, 2020. The clinical features, treatment strategies and prognosis data were collected and analyzed. Prognosis was followed up until March 12, 2020. Results Of the 258 hospitalized patients (63 with diabetes) with COVID-19, the median age was 64 years (range 23-91), and 138 (53.5%) were male. Common symptoms included fever (82.2%), dry cough (67.1%), polypnea (48.1%), and fatigue (38%). Patients with diabetes had significantly higher leucocyte and neutrophil counts, and higher levels of fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB at admission compared with those without diabetes. COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (11.1% vs. 4.1%). Cox proportional hazard model showed that diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=3.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 12.21) and fasting blood glucose (aHR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.31) were associated with the fatality due to COVID-19, adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased disease severity and a higher risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32446795/ doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227 id: cord-309830-3iztragp author: Zhang, Yang title: Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic date: 2020-04-10 words: 624.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309830-3iztragp.txt summary: Commentary: Challenges to thoracic surgeons in the global coronavirus pandemic Yang Zhang, MD, and Haiquan Chen, MD, PhD On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a public health emergency of international concern. Since the early signs of COVID-19 may be masked by physiological changes following thoracic surgeries, thoracic surgeons should cautiously monitor their patients and also protect themselves from infection. Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 in 11 patients after thoracic surgery and challenges in diagnosis The global pandemic of COVID-19 brings challenges to thoracic surgeons. The global pandemic of COVID-19 brings challenges to thoracic surgeons. It is important to avoid unnecessary surgeries and to be alert to the risk of COVID-19 infection following thoracic surgeries. It is important to avoid unnecessary surgeries and to be alert to the risk of COVID-19 infection following thoracic surgeries. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.004 id: cord-266257-hp11at50 author: Zhang, Yao title: Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China date: 2020-05-25 words: 5413.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266257-hp11at50.txt summary: The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. abstract: (1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students’ mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (β = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (β = −6.57, 95% CI: −12.78, −0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (β = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well. (c) The COVID-19 outbreak has reduced people’s aggressiveness, probably by making people realize the fragility and preciousness of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32466163/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103722 id: cord-273644-m6cub4sx author: Zhang, Yimin title: A Promising Anti-Cytokine-Storm Targeted Therapy for COVID-19: The Artificial-Liver Blood-Purification System date: 2020-03-20 words: 1653.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273644-m6cub4sx.txt summary: A previous study revealed high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF), IP-10, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 a (MIP1A), and TNF-a) in severely and critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection; furthermore, the presence of cytokine storm was correlated with disease severity [3] . The experience gained in the treatment of critically ill patients with H7N9 influenza infection and cytokine storm revealed the high efficacy of plasma-exchange modules in artificial-liver blood-purification systems, based on the extent of cytokine clearance [19] . The artificial-liver blood-purification system was applied in Zhejiang province, China, and showed good prognosis in the treatment of severely or critically ill COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm [22] . This work recommends artificial-liver blood purification for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection who exhibit cytokine storm and rapid disease progression, as confirmed by lung imaging. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32292628/ doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.006 id: cord-325862-rohhvq4h author: Zhang, Yong title: Applicability of time fractional derivative models for simulating the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 5899.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325862-rohhvq4h.txt summary: The model results revealed that 1) the transmission, infection and recovery dynamics follow the integral-order SEIR model with significant spatiotemporal variations in the recovery rate, likely due to the continuous improvement of screening techniques and public hospital systems, as well as full city lockdowns in China, and 2) the evolution of number of deaths follows the time FDE, likely due to the time memory in the death toll. The main contributions of this work, therefore, include 1) the first application of FDEs in modeling the evolution of the COVID-19 death toll, 2) an updated SEIR model with a transient recovery rate to better capture the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic within China and for other countries, and 3) a particle-tracking approach based on stochastic bimolecular reaction theory to evaluate the mitigation of the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: Fractional calculus provides a promising tool for modeling fractional dynamics in computational biology, and this study tests the applicability of fractional-derivative equations (FDEs) for modeling the dynamics and mitigation scenarios of the novel coronavirus for the first time. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic radically impacts our lives, while the evolution dynamics of COVID-19 remain obscure. A time-dependent Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Recovered (SEIR) model was proposed and applied to fit and then predict the time series of COVID-19 evolution observed over the last three months (up to 3/22/2020) in China. The model results revealed that 1) the transmission, infection and recovery dynamics follow the integral-order SEIR model with significant spatiotemporal variations in the recovery rate, likely due to the continuous improvement of screening techniques and public hospital systems, as well as full city lockdowns in China, and 2) the evolution of number of deaths follows the time FDE, likely due to the time memory in the death toll. The validated SEIR model was then applied to predict COVID-19 evolution in the United States, Italy, Japan, and South Korea. In addition, a time FDE model based on the random walk particle tracking scheme, analogous to a mixing-limited bimolecular reaction model, was developed to evaluate non-pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate COVID-19 spread. Preliminary tests using the FDE model showed that self-quarantine may not be as efficient as strict social distancing in slowing COVID-19 spread. Therefore, caution is needed when applying FDEs to model the coronavirus outbreak, since specific COVID-19 kinetics may not exhibit nonlocal behavior. Particularly, the spread of COVID-19 may be affected by the rapid improvement of health care systems which may remove the memory impact in COVID-19 dynamics (resulting in a short-tailed recovery curve), while the death toll and mitigation of COVID-19 can be captured by the time FDEs due to the nonlocal, memory impact in fatality and human activities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920303581?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109959 id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt author: Zhang, Yuan title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 words: 2843.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt summary: title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. An online survey [17] and another study on Chinese web users [18] suggested that one-third of people had anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negative emotion increased. suggested participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 [20] . The outbreak of COVID-19 limited face-to-face counseling and individualized psychological interventions, which was a serious challenge to the mental health service. abstract: Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2, 2020 to March 8, 2020 in Shandong Province, China, using quota sampling combined with snowball sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influential factors. Results: A total of 4000 invitations were sent from three centers, 3237 valid questionnaires were received. Based on GAD-7, PHQ-9, and ISI scales, 19.5%–21.7% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms; 2.9%–5.6% had severe symptoms. Besides, 2.4%, 4.8%, and 4.5% of the participants had anxiety-depression, anxiety-insomnia, or depression-insomnia combined symptoms. The scores of anxiety and insomnia symptoms, along with scores of depression and insomnia symptoms were positively correlated in these samples. Aged 50–64 years and outside activities once in ≥30 days were risk factors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in common. During the epidemic, 17.4% of the participants had received psychological interventions, and only 5.2% had received individual interventions. Conclusions: The incidence of psychological distress increased during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the work resumption period than the normal period. Current psychological interventions were insufficient; target psychological interventions should be conducted in time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022399920308151 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110253 id: cord-290372-vv47wnqk author: Zhang, Yufang title: Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-23 words: 2144.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290372-vv47wnqk.txt summary: title: Association of digestive symptoms with severity and mortality of COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to September, 2020, to identify studies that compared the prevalence of at least one specific digestive symptom between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients or between non-survivors and survivors. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate the association between different digestive symptoms and the severity and mortality of patients infected with COVID-19. We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify clinical studies using search terms "coronavirus disease-19", "coronavirus disease 2019", "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "novel corona virus", "novel coronavirus", "new coronavirus", "nCoV-2019", "novel coronavirus pneumonia", "2019 novel coronavirus", "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", "SARS-CoV-2", "clinical characteristic", "clinical feature", "risk factor", "prognosis", "nausea", "vomiting", "diarrhea", "digestive symptom", and "gastrointestinal symptom". Liver injury is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal manifestations are common in patients with COVID-19, but the association between specific digestive symptoms and COVID-19 prognosis remains unclear. This study aims to assess whether digestive symptoms are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to September, 2020, to identify studies that compared the prevalence of at least one specific digestive symptom between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients or between non-survivors and survivors. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included cohort studies using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses will be conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of individual symptoms using the inverse variance method with the random-effects model. We will conduct subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and meta-regression analyses to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis will comprehensively evaluate the association between different digestive symptoms and the severity and mortality of patients infected with COVID-19. This study will provide evidence to help determine whether special protective measures and treatment options are needed for patients with digestive system comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202090055. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33120773/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000022736 id: cord-306585-kdlv46tq author: Zhang, Z. title: Dynamical balance between the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic development date: 2020-08-15 words: 2536.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306585-kdlv46tq.txt summary: Further results indicate the existence of interaction and mutual restraint among the transmission, intervention and economy, in which strong coupling of COVID-19 and economy would trigger disease outbreak and form poverty trap, while adaptive isolation of at-risk population could effectively reduce morbidity at the cost of least economic loss. where the parameter θ and g 0 represent the growth rate of GDP per capita, and the maximum income in absence of disease; r 1 (r 2 ) is the original reproduction number contributed by individuals in incubation (infectious) states, which equals the product of effective contact rates and time 2 . Furthermore, the growth rate of GDP per capita (θ), and the maximum income in absence of disease (g 0 ), as well as the isolation rates (q i ) are negatively associated with R 0 , indicating that economic development and quarantine strategies can significantly reduce infection risk. In this paper, a new dynamical model is developed for coupling the transmission, intervention of COVID-19 and economic growth. abstract: The current explosive outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) is posing serious threats to public health and economy around the world. To clarify the coupling mechanism between this disease and economy, a new dynamical system is established. It is theoretically proved that the basic reproduction number is a nonlinear combination of parameters regarding disease transmission, intervention and economy effect, which totally determines the stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria. Further results indicate the existence of interaction and mutual restraint among the transmission, intervention and economy, in which strong coupling of COVID-19 and economy would trigger disease outbreak and form poverty trap, while adaptive isolation of at-risk population could effectively reduce morbidity at the cost of least economic loss. Our findings can offer new insights to improve the intervention strategies against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.13.20174755 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20174755 id: cord-347906-3ehsg8oi author: Zhang, Zizhen title: Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation date: 2020-08-28 words: 1774.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347906-3ehsg8oi.txt summary: title: Dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model with stochastic perturbation Thirdly, we examine the threshold of the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model, when noise is small or large. The same set of parameter values and initial conditions for deterministic models will lead to an ensemble of different outputs. They obtained the condition of the disease extinction and persistence according to noise and threshold of the deterministic system. Similarly, several authors discussed the same conditions for stochastic models; see [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . To study the effects of the environment on spreading of COVID-19 and make the research more realistic, first we formulate a stochastic mathematical COVID-19 model. In this section, a COVID-19 mathematical model with random perturbation is formulated as follows: The extinction and persistence of the stochastic SIS epidemic model with vaccination A stochastic differential equation SIS epidemic model abstract: Acknowledging many effects on humans, which are ignored in deterministic models for COVID-19, in this paper, we consider stochastic mathematical model for COVID-19. Firstly, the formulation of a stochastic susceptible–infected–recovered model is presented. Secondly, we devote with full strength our concentrated attention to sufficient conditions for extinction and persistence. Thirdly, we examine the threshold of the proposed stochastic COVID-19 model, when noise is small or large. Finally, we show the numerical simulations graphically using MATLAB. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13662-020-02909-1 doi: 10.1186/s13662-020-02909-1 id: cord-279960-1phc0wds author: Zhao, Ai title: Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors date: 2020-06-06 words: 5973.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279960-1phc0wds.txt summary: This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. This study was conducted via a quick online survey to assess dietary diversity among Chinese residents during the time of isolation and "staying at home" due to COVID-19 and to explore its associated factors. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches for food purchasing/sourcing, and certain dietary strategies to cope with COVID-19. abstract: COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people’s lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants’ characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 ± 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (OR(adjusted) = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (OR(adjusted) = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (OR(adjusted) = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32517210/ doi: 10.3390/nu12061699 id: cord-312185-ojdrzskl author: Zhao, Dahai title: Evidence-Based Framework and Implementation of China’s Strategy in Combating COVID-19 date: 2020-10-07 words: 4556.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312185-ojdrzskl.txt summary: This article aims to use empirical data from all cases from a prefecture-level city of China to introduce and examine the feasibility and efficiency of the screening and isolation strategies and how these were essential in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: For this retrospective study, all confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited from the Taizhou prefecture-level city of Zhejiang province, China. Patient information included demographics, epidemiological data, close contact history, whether patients were from Wuhan or other places outside of Taizhou, dates when the cases were confirmed, exposure tracing dates, dates when first symptoms presented, first hospitals where and when patients were admitted for symptoms, and clinical outcomes. 19 Subsequent to the replications of methods and data in the reports, it can be deduced that all prefecturelevel cities in China (except for Wuhan) implemented good quality, effective, and efficient interventions involving screening and isolation to interrupt the chains of transmission of COVID-19 in the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: INTRODUCTION: In less than two months, the COVID-19 outbreak in China was controlled through the stringent strategies of screening and isolation. This article aims to use empirical data from all cases from a prefecture-level city of China to introduce and examine the feasibility and efficiency of the screening and isolation strategies and how these were essential in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: For this retrospective study, all confirmed COVID-19 patients were recruited from the Taizhou prefecture-level city of Zhejiang province, China. RESULTS: Of the city’s total population, 24% were screened for COVID-19 and isolated at home or designated locations for two weeks. From these, a total of 146 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analysed. Of all cases, 51% were traced from Wuhan, and 21% of patients were in close contact with confirmed cases from outside of the city. Initially, 13% of all patients reported having no clear symptoms, while 42% of patients presented with fever and/or other symptoms. Compared with local patients, new arrivals to the city had fewer days between their exposure and the development of symptoms of COVID-19 (P<0.001), and fewer days from the time they developed symptoms to the confirmation of COVID-19 (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study has fully confirmed that controlling the COVID-19 outbreak through screening and isolation is effective, efficient, and essential. The evidence-based framework and implementation of China’s strategy to combat COVID-19 can explain how China contained the COVID-19 outbreak in a short time period. This study offers important references and implications for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the global community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33116979/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s269573 id: cord-031835-jx8lzdl8 author: Zhao, Fei title: Time to lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies by informatics technologies in an information era date: 2020-09-14 words: 957.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031835-jx8lzdl8.txt summary: title: Time to lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies by informatics technologies in an information era Numerous models such as the classical dynamic model (SEIS) and artificial intelligence (AI) tools, are helping in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic by predicting the spread of the disease, hospital demand, diagnosis, and death. Real-time data sharing makes spread forecasting for public health emergencies and the evaluation of various interventions available. The turning point, however, where informatics technologies lead the prevention and control of public health emergencies in an information era, has already arrived. Forecasting the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital demand and deaths for the USA and European Economic Area countries The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7487267/ doi: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.06.001 id: cord-268064-ljjcyv92 author: Zhao, Guolian title: A comparative study of the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stage date: 2020-07-21 words: 1755.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268064-ljjcyv92.txt summary: RESULTS: A higher RDW‐CV level and neutrophil percentage and lower levels of total proteins, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and MCH were found in COVID‐19 patients compared with those in controls from the clinical recovery to the postdischarge recovery stages. Further analysis showed that decreases in lymphocytes, total proteins, and SOD and elevations in neutrophils, FDP, CRP, and ESR were more common in severe than moderate cases of COVID‐19 during hospitalization; however, differences in these indicators, except total proteins, were not observed in the postdischarge recovery stages. In this study, a systematic review and pooled analysis were performed to compare the laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients and patients with other viral pneumonias from the clinical recovery stage to the 4 weeks postdischarge recovery stage. To observe the major differences between COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stages, the dynamic profiles of the major laboratory parameters in COVID-19 and control patients abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical recovery does not mean full recovery. It is necessary to explore the aftereffects of COVID‐19 in patients and compare the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stages. METHODS: Forty‐seven cases of COVID‐19 and 45 cases of other viral pneumonias (control) were included in this study. The laboratory parameters were compared between COVID‐19 and control patients as well as severe and moderate COVID‐19 patients from the clinical recovery stage to the 4 weeks postdischarge recovery stage. RESULTS: A higher RDW‐CV level and neutrophil percentage and lower levels of total proteins, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and MCH were found in COVID‐19 patients compared with those in controls from the clinical recovery to the postdischarge recovery stages. Further analysis showed that decreases in lymphocytes, total proteins, and SOD and elevations in neutrophils, FDP, CRP, and ESR were more common in severe than moderate cases of COVID‐19 during hospitalization; however, differences in these indicators, except total proteins, were not observed in the postdischarge recovery stages. Additionally, only 76.9% of COVID‐19 patients were positive for IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the convalescence stage, and one patient that was negative for specific IgG was reinfected. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that patients recovering from COVID‐19 might need better care than that patients with other viral pneumonias due to the possibility of having poor immunity and nutritional conditions. These findings provide new insights to improve the understanding of COVID‐19 and improve care for patients affected by these kinds of pandemics in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32696465/ doi: 10.1002/jcla.23483 id: cord-295891-c9rfy1w7 author: Zhao, J. title: ConceptWAS: a high-throughput method for early identification of COVID-19 presenting symptoms date: 2020-11-10 words: 4057.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295891-c9rfy1w7.txt summary: Here, we present a high-throughput approach (ConceptWAS) for early identification of clinical manifestations of COVID-19 using natural language processing (NLP) on EHR clinical notes. Specifically, symptoms concepts associated with COVID-19-positive patients included "absent sense of smell" (OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 3.21-7.50), "fever" (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.28-1.59), "with cough fever" (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.75-2.96), and "ageusia" (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 3.02-8.58) (Figure 2 ). Our work describes a high-throughput and reproducible approach (ConceptWAS) that use EHR notes to early identify pandemic disease symptoms and investigate clinical manifestations for further hypothesis-driven study. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227165 doi: medRxiv preprint 13 pandemic crisis evolves and more patients are tested for SARS-CoV-2 in our healthcare system, our ability to detect COVID-19 and clinical concepts'' associations will continue to improve. By applying ConceptWAS on EHR clinical notes from patients subjecting to a COVID-19 test, we detected loss of smell/taste three weeks prior to their inclusion as symptoms of the disease by CDC. abstract: Objective: Identifying symptoms highly specific to COVID-19 would improve the clinical and public health response to infectious outbreaks. Here, we describe a high-throughput approach - Concept-Wide Association Study (ConceptWAS) that systematically scans a disease's clinical manifestations from clinical notes. We used this method to identify symptoms specific to COVID-19 early in the course of the pandemic. Methods: Using the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) EHR, we parsed clinical notes through a natural language processing pipeline to extract clinical concepts. We examined the difference in concepts derived from the notes of COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients on the PCR testing date. We performed ConceptWAS using the cumulative data every two weeks for early identifying specific COVID-19 symptoms. Results: We processed 87,753 notes 19,692 patients (1,483 COVID-19-positive) subjected to COVID-19 PCR testing between March 8, 2020, and May 27, 2020. We found 68 clinical concepts significantly associated with COVID-19. We identified symptoms associated with increasing risk of COVID-19, including "absent sense of smell" (odds ratio [OR] = 4.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.21-7.50), "fever" (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.28-1.59), "with cough fever" (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.75-2.96), and "ageusia" (OR = 5.18, 95% CI = 3.02-8.58). Using ConceptWAS, we were able to detect loss sense of smell or taste three weeks prior to their inclusion as symptoms of the disease by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Conclusion: ConceptWAS is a high-throughput approach for exploring specific symptoms of a disease like COVID-19, with a promise for enabling EHR-powered early disease manifestations identification. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227165 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.06.20227165 id: cord-333827-zpdnzwle author: Zhao, Jinqiu title: Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data date: 2020-08-17 words: 2780.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333827-zpdnzwle.txt summary: title: Potential risk factors for case fatality rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China: A pooled analysis of individual patient data This study aims to perform the meta-analysis of risk factors for the case fatality rate (CFR) of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). After comparing the patients between fatal cases and non-fatal cases, several important factors are found to significantly increase the CFR in patients with COVID-19, and include the age ranging 60–70 (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.11; P < .00001) and especially≥70 (OR = 8.45; 95% CI = 7.47 to 9.55; P < .00001), sex of male (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.73; P = .0008), occupation of retirees (OR = 4.27; 95% CI = 2.50 to 7.28; P < .00001), and severe cases (OR = 691.76; 95% CI = 4.82 to 99,265.63; P = .01). abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since the first case of the pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is found in Wuhan, there have been more than 70,000 cases reported in China. This study aims to perform the meta-analysis of risk factors for the case fatality rate (CFR) of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). DESIGN AND METHODS: We have searched PubMed, Google scholar and medRxiv for the cohort studies involving risk factors for the CFR of COVID-19. This meta-analysis compares the risk factors of CFR between fatal patients and non-fatal patients. RESULTS: Two cohort studies are included in this study. After comparing the patients between fatal cases and non-fatal cases, several important factors are found to significantly increase the CFR in patients with COVID-19, and include the age ranging 60–70 (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.11; P < .00001) and especially≥70 (OR = 8.45; 95% CI = 7.47 to 9.55; P < .00001), sex of male (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.30 to 2.73; P = .0008), occupation of retirees (OR = 4.27; 95% CI = 2.50 to 7.28; P < .00001), and severe cases (OR = 691.76; 95% CI = 4.82 to 99,265.63; P = .01). As the advancement of early diagnosis and treatment, the CFR after January 21 (or 22), 2020 is substantially decreased in COVID-19 than before (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.24; P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Several factors are confirmed to significantly improve the CFR in patients with COVID-19, which is very important for the treatment and good prognosis of these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33131974/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.039 id: cord-267697-b6cg5j32 author: Zhao, Kedong title: Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study date: 2020-03-27 words: 723.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267697-b6cg5j32.txt summary: title: Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study 1, 2 Along with a significant decrease of daily new confirmed cases from over 3000 to less than 100 (19 on 9 March 2020), 3 China (outside Hubei) has entered a new stage of epidemic prevention and control coupled with a stepwise restoration of social and economic operations. 4 Rational risk assessment for the COVID-19 resurgence upon such economic restoration is of significance. Here, we estimated the probability of COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in typical provinces/cities (see Table 1 ) that were most affected by the outbreaks and/or are most economically important in China. Under the above assumptions, we collected the data of new COVID-19 cases in the past 14 days (from 28 February to 12 March; see Supplementary Table S1) in each area and also the population size and numbers of enterprises in 2019. abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak in China appears to reach the late stage since late March 2020, and a stepwise restoration of economic operations is implemented. Risk assessment for such economic restoration is of significance. Here, we estimated the probability of COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in typical provinces/cities and found that such probability is very limited (<5% for all the regions except Beijing). Our work may inform provincial governments to make risk level-based, differentiated control measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa046 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa046 id: cord-298461-tyhtdawb author: Zhao, L. title: COVID-19: Effects of weather conditions on the propagation of respiratory droplets date: 2020-05-25 words: 7832.0 sentences: 475.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298461-tyhtdawb.txt summary: This study investigates the influence of weather conditions including temperature, humidity and wind velocity, on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2-containing respiratory droplets. We suggest that the current pandemic may not ebb over the summer without continuous and proper public health intervention, because (1) in hot and dry weather, respiratory droplets more easily evaporate into aerosol particles capable of long-range transmission; (2) infectious PM2.5 that can infiltrate deeply into our lung has a longer suspension time in hot and dry weather; (3) many public spaces implement air-conditioning systems that can still operate at temperature and humidity setpoints that favor droplet transport. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111963 doi: medRxiv preprint Key parameters considered in the model include the distribution of initial droplet size d0, initial velocity v0, environmental temperature T ∞ , relative humidity RH, air velocity Vair, whose values are given here. abstract: As the number of confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to increase, there has been a rising concern regarding the effect of weather conditions, especially over the upcoming summer, on the transmission of this disease. In this study, we assess the transmission of COVID-19 under different weather conditions by investigating the propagation of infectious respiratory droplets. A comprehensive mathematical model is established to explore their evaporation, heat transfer and kinematics under different temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions. The transmitting pathway of COVID-19 through respiratory droplets is divided into short-range droplet contacts and long-range aerosol exposure. We show that the effect of weather conditions is not monotonic: low temperature and high humidity facilitate droplet contact transmission, while high temperature and low humidity promote the formation of aerosol particles and accumulation of particles with a diameter of 2.5 m or less (PM2.5). Our model suggests that the 6 ft of social distance recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) may be insufficient in certain environmental conditions, as the droplet spreading distance can be as long as 6 m (19.7 ft) in cold and humid weather. The results of this study suggest that the current pandemic may not ebb in the summer of the northern hemisphere without proper intervention, as there is an increasing chance of aerosol transmission. We also emphasize that the meticulous design of building ventilation systems is critical in containing both the droplet contact infections and aerosol exposures. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20111963 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111963 id: cord-259691-3bo4md44 author: Zhao, Ming title: Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies date: 2020-04-16 words: 1236.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259691-3bo4md44.txt summary: • Other immunomodulatory agents with good safety profiles may be considered for use in combination with antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe or critical cases of COVID-19. Combined use of an immunomodulatory agentto reduce the cytokine stormwith an antiviral agent may give physicians more time to provide supportive treatment for patients with Corticosteroids are among the most commonly used drugs for immunomodulatory therapy of infectious diseases. Tocilizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-6, has been recommended for use in severe or critically ill patients with extensive lesions in bilateral lungs and a confirmed elevated level of IL-6 in the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7) issued by the National Health Commission of China [7] . Overall, certain immunomodulatory agents with good safety profiles may be considered for use in combination with antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe or critical cases of COVID-19. abstract: • Discussion of the role of immunomodulatory agents to reduce the cytokine storm in severe cases of COVID-19. • Potential immunomodulatory agents currently used in the treatment of COVID-19 (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab) are discussed. • Other immunomodulatory agents with good safety profiles may be considered for use in combination with antiviral drugs for the treatment of severe or critical cases of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32305588/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105982 id: cord-295513-q5f8d0ig author: Zhao, Pengcheng title: A Comparison of Infection Venues of COVID-19 Case Clusters in Northeast China date: 2020-06-03 words: 6209.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295513-q5f8d0ig.txt summary: In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. Thus, we propose choosing a region with a sufficient number of COVID-19 cases and their detailed case reports to illustrate the role of different types of location in person-to-person transmission of this disease. Based on the collected and deduced information, we compared the epidemic situations between cities and/or provinces and enumerated the cases for the various location clusters. Figure 1 specifies all locations outside the home where case clustering occurred, and all train or flight numbers are marked along with the cases'' travel date. Figure 3b , the number of contacts between cases of different distances (i.e., inter-province, inter-city and intra-city) varied by location category. This study analysed the epidemic situations in various areas in the three provinces of Northeast China and the effects of various types of infection location on identified COVID-19 clusters. abstract: The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. In this study, we compared various types of infection locations in which COVID-19 cases clustered, based on the data from three adjacent provinces in Northeast China. The collected data include all officially reported cases in this area until 8 March 2020. We explored the associations between the cases and the frequency of infection locations. The COVID-19 epidemic situation was worse in Heilongjiang Province than in Liaoning and Jilin Provinces. Most clustered cases occurred in individual families and/or between relatives. The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. The public transport spread the infection over long distances by transporting infected individuals, and most infections did not seem to occur within vehicles. This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503192/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113955 id: cord-274230-old0xmcc author: Zhao, Qianwen title: Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-04 words: 867.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274230-old0xmcc.txt summary: title: Lymphopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: A systemic review and meta-analysis Mean difference (MD) of lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease and odds ratio (OR) of lymphopenia for severe form of COVID-19 was evaluated with this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients (MD -0.31×109/L; 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.19×109/L). After the significant clinical heterogeneity was excluded, the 130 randomized effects model was used for meta-analysis. Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) -United States Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 284 and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Retrospective study on the epidemiological 300 characteristics of 139 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia on the effects of Severity Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 311 infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a 322 descriptive and predictive study abstract: Abstract Objectives Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new respiratory and systemic disease which needs quick identification of potential critical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between lymphocyte count and the severity of COVID-19. Methods Comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five Databases. The language of literatures included English and Chinese. Mean difference (MD) of lymphocyte count in COVID-19 patients with or without severe disease and odds ratio (OR) of lymphopenia for severe form of COVID-19 was evaluated with this meta-analysis. Results Overall 13 case-series with a total of 2282 cases were included in the study. The pooled analysis showed that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients (MD -0.31×109/L; 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.19×109/L). The presence of lymphopenia was associated with nearly threefold increased risk of severe COVID-19 (Random effects model, OR=2.99, 95% CI: 1.31-6.82). Conclusions Lymphopenia is a prominent part of severe COVID-19 and a lymphocyte count of less than 1.5×109/L may be useful in predicting the severity clinical outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32376308/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.086 id: cord-312360-ynemtqua author: Zhao, Ruxing title: Distinguishable Immunologic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Compared with Nondiabetic Individuals date: 2020-09-29 words: 5052.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312360-ynemtqua.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishable immunological parameters, which represented clinical relevancies with the predisposed disease severity in T2D. In this retrospective pilot study, we examined the population of leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets, humoral immunity, infection-related biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in two subcohorts of sex-and age-matched clinically and laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. As increases in neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were most recently established as predicative markers of severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection [20] , we further conducted logistic regression analysis to verify whether neutrophilia represents an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in T2D. These preliminary data suggested that an abnormal increase in neutrophil count and its contribution to COVID-19 severity may be associated with dysregulated immune response in T2D. And the abnormal increase in neutrophil count and its contribution to COVID-19 severity may be associated with innate dysregulation of immune response in T2D [33] . abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has threatened every civilian as a global pandemic. The immune system poses the critical interactive chain between the human body and the virus. Here, we make efforts to examine whether comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects the immunological response in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective pilot study investigating immunological characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 with or without comorbid T2D. Two subcohorts of sex- and age-matched participants were eligible for data analysis, of which 33 participants were with T2D and the remaining 37 were nondiabetic (NDM). Cellular immunity was assessed by flow cytometric determination of surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, and CD56 in peripheral blood. Levels of C reactive protein, immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE), and complements (C3, C4) were detected by rate nephelometry immunoassay. And Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were detected by Cytometric Bead Array. RESULTS: Neutrophil counts were found to be significantly higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group and had a significant relevance with clinical severity. Lymphocyte frequencies showed no significant differences in the two groups. However, the proportions and absolute counts of T, Tc, Th, and NK cells decreased in both groups to different degrees. An abnormal increase in neutrophil count and a decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations may represent risk factors of COVID-19 severity. The level of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 showed no significant difference between the two groups, while the IgE levels were higher in the T2D group than in the NDM group (p < 0.05). Th1 cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as CRP, appeared significantly higher in the T2D group. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 patients comorbid with T2D demonstrated distinguishable immunological parameters, which represented clinical relevancies with the predisposed disease severity in T2D. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061829/ doi: 10.1155/2020/6914878 id: cord-254428-n0uwy77g author: Zhao, Wen title: Clinical characteristics and durations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Beijing: a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-03-17 words: 3390.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254428-n0uwy77g.txt summary: Multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter time from the illness onset to admission, the severity of disease and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer hospitalized duration. In the present study, we reported the retrospective data of 77 hospitalized patient with COVID-19 in Beijing, China, with 64 (83.1%) discharged home alive by the end of follow-up. Previous studies reported that the duration of the illness onset to hospital admission in the early stage of this outbreak was 7 to 12.5 days. Currently, few studies reported the average hospital length of stay of discharged patients COVID-19. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19. abstract: Background: COVID-19 is still becoming an increasing global threat to public health. More detailed and specific characteristics of COVID-19 are needed to better understand this disease. Additionally, durations of COVID-19, e.g., the average time from exposure to recovery, which is of great value in understanding this disease, has not been reported so far. Aims: To give the information on clinical characteristics and different durations of COVID-19 and to identify the potential risk factors for longer hospitalization duration. Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 77 patients (mean age: 52 years; 44.2% males) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital during 21st Jan and 8th February 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological data on admission were collected; complications and outcomes were followed up until 29th February 2020. The study endpoint was the discharge within two weeks. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for longer hospitalization duration. Results: Of 77 patients, there are 34 (44.2%) males, 24 (31.2%) with comorbidities, 22 (28.6%) lymphopenia, 20 (26.0%) categorized as severe patients, and 28 (36.4%) occurred complications. By the end of follow-up, 64 (83.1%) patients were discharged home after being tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infections, 8 remained in hospital and 5 died. 36 (46.8%) patients were discharged within 14 days and thus reached the study endpoint, including 34 (59.6%) of 57 non-severe patients and 2 (10%) of 20 severe patients. The overall cumulative probability of the endpoint was 48.3%. Hospital length of stay and duration of exposure to discharge for 64 discharged patients were 13 (10-16.5) and 23 (18-24.5) days, respectively. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter time from the illness onset to admission, the severity of disease and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer hospitalized duration. Conclusions: COVID-19 has significantly shorter duration of disease and hospital length of stay than SARS. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, the severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.20035436 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20035436 id: cord-329628-2bqrutrt author: Zhao, Xiaofang title: Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach date: 2020-05-14 words: 3428.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329628-2bqrutrt.txt summary: title: Early decrease in blood platelet count is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients—indications for predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach The platelet count reflects the thrombocyte turnover, acting as a sensitive indicator of illness severity that is of great clinical utility to monitor a quickly changing health condition of patients affected by aggressive viral infections. In fact, several clinical observational studies have found that COVID-19 patients had lower counts of platelet [8, 9, 12, [14] [15] [16] . This study aimed to investigate the difference in platelet count between survivors and non-survivors among COVID-19 patients. Finally, the relationship between early (0-7 days) changes in platelet count and death in 532 COVID-19 patients derived from a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was analyzed ( Table 3) . Our data indicate that platelet count has important information, which could be used for improved prediction, patient stratification (moderate vs high severity of the disease), and personalized prevention needed for the COVID-19-infected individuals, in order to save lives and economical resources. abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in platelet count are common in COVID-19 patients. The platelet count reflects the thrombocyte turnover, acting as a sensitive indicator of illness severity that is of great clinical utility to monitor a quickly changing health condition of patients affected by aggressive viral infections. This study aims to investigate the significance of platelet count during the progression of the disease in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A total of 532 COVID-19 patients were involved in the cohort study from the First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020, to February 28, 2020. We collected the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of patients. Patients still hospitalized before February 29, 2020, died on admission, with malignant tumors, previous gastrointestinal surgery, missing baseline platelet count, or platelet count detected only once, were excluded. We used a generalized additive model and generalized additive mixed model to compare trends in platelet count over time among survivors and non-survivors, with an adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: During the follow-up, twenty-nine subjects died (mortality rate, 5.45%). The platelets among non-survivors decreased and among survivors increased gradually within 1 week after admission. In addition, the difference between the two groups showed an increasing trend during 1 week after admission. This difference increased by an average of 5.3 × 10^9/L daily. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stage, platelet count can dynamically reflect the pathophysiological changes in COVID-19 patients. Early decrease in platelet count was associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. Causality, however, cannot be deduced from our data. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-020-00208-z doi: 10.1007/s13167-020-00208-z id: cord-328040-5qd05e4r author: Zhao, Xin-Ying title: Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study date: 2020-04-29 words: 3416.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328040-5qd05e4r.txt summary: title: Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study Since December 2019, several cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were first reported the virus has caused an outbreak in a short time by human-to-human transmission throughout China, especially in Hubei Province. A considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients develop severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even multiple organ failure within a short time. Patients suspected of having COVID-19 were admitted and quarantined, and throat swab samples were collected and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR). Clinical data [age, previous chronic disease, epidemiological history, symptoms, vital signs, computed tomography (CT) images, virus load, laboratory tests, complications, and treatment process] of the 91 patients involved in this study were collected. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has expanded to cause a worldwide outbreak that more than 600,000 people infected and tens of thousands died. To date, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the non-Wuhan areas of Hubei Province in China have not been described. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment progress of 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jingzhou Central Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 30 cases (33.0%) were severe and two patients (2.2%) died. The severe disease group tended to be older (50.5 vs. 42.0 years; p = 0.049) and have more chronic disease (40% vs. 14.8%; p = 0.009) relative to mild disease group. Only 73.6% of the patients were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive on their first tests, while typical chest computed tomography images were obtained for each patient. The most common complaints were cough (n = 75; 82.4%), fever (n = 59; 64.8%), fatigue (n = 35; 38.5%), and diarrhea (n = 14; 15.4%). Non-respiratory injury was identified by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (n = 18; 19.8%), creatinine (n = 5; 5.5%), and creatine kinase (n = 14; 15.4%) in laboratory tests. Twenty-eight cases (30.8%) suffered non-respiratory injury, including 50% of the critically ill patients and 21.3% of the mild patients. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the mortality rate of patients in Jingzhou was lower than that of Wuhan. Importantly, we found liver, kidney, digestive tract, and heart injuries in COVID-19 cases besides respiratory problems. Combining chest computed tomography images with the qPCR analysis of throat swab samples can improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32345226/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05010-w id: cord-327586-06r1ifuy author: Zhao, Yue title: Atypical Computed Tomography Presentations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-08-07 words: 2250.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327586-06r1ifuy.txt summary: Methods The clinical and chest CT imaging data of 16 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients with atypical CT presentations were selected for analysis and review. To further improve the radiographic J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f examination and diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients, this study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 16 patients and selected 6 patients with atypical CT presentations for analysis. A third CT examination was performed on days 6-9, and there were 2 cases of dissipated single subpleural lesions; 1 case of dissipation and reduction of lesions in the lateral basal segment of the lower right lung than that observed before, with a new reticular opacity in the medial basal segment and a small amount of ground-glass opacity; and 1 case of bilateral multiple linear opacities on initial CT examination after transfer from an outside hospital at day 7 after disease onset. abstract: Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the atypical computed tomography (CT) presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to comprehensively understand this highly infectious disease. Methods The clinical and chest CT imaging data of 16 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients with atypical CT presentations were selected for analysis and review. Results Of the 16 patients, 6 had atypical CT presentations, including 2 with faint ground glass opacities, 2 with single nodule, 1 with predominantly linear opacities, and 1 with predominantly reticular opacities. The dynamic changes of CT showed the faint ground glass opacities gradually became weak (2 cases). The scope of the single nodule was enlarged, and it developed into consolidation and residual fibrosis (2 cases). There was no obvious change of linear opacity (1 case). The reticular opacities were enlarged, then partially absorbed and new developed ground-glass opacities were found. Finally, the lesions were absorbed with residual fibrosis (1 case). Conclusion Atypical CT presentations of COVID-19 can be classified as faint ground glass opacities, single nodule, linear opacities, and reticular opacities. Understanding the atypical presentation of COVID-19 is beneficial in the assessment and epidemic prevention and control of this disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrid.2020.07.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.07.006 id: cord-262489-cecg3geg author: Zhao, Zhanqi title: COVID-19 pneumonia: phenotype assessment requires bedside tools date: 2020-05-29 words: 891.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262489-cecg3geg.txt summary: We would like to point out that another phenotype is often presented in COVID-19-associated moderate to severe ARDS, based on our observation and discussions with colleagues treating these patients. Different from the phenotypes described in [1] , the COVID-19 patients we encountered had rather low compliance and their lungs were non-recruitable, despite of large amount of non-aerated tissue. When assessing the lung recruitability with either the bedside estimates suggested in [2] , or with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) [3, 4] , we found that instead of recruiting non-aerated lung tissue, increasing PEEP to around 15 cmH 2 O rather induced overdistension in previously ventilated regions. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome Lung recruitability in SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, observational study The authors equally contributed to the idea presented in the manuscript, which is derived from the observation of numerous COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471449/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02973-9 id: cord-258012-wzwowl4l author: Zhaori, Getu title: Smoke evacuation, is it important for prevention of COVID‐19? date: 2020-06-24 words: 1083.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258012-wzwowl4l.txt summary: A Method for smoke evacuation in laparoscopic surgeries for suspected coronavirus infected patients reported by Drs. Mints Y et al 1 in Ann Surg a month ago, is one of the outstanding examples that can prevent transmission of the disease via the smoke produced during the laparoscopic surgery from a suspected or confirmed patient with COVID-19. To effectively apply such a filtering and evacuation of smoke produced during laparoscopic surgery in a patient with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, any surgeons outside the EAES have to solve the following important problems: Then we need to consider how to prevent and control possible spreading of the pathogen via the smoke during the surgery through the different endoscopes as long as the patient is a suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 carrier. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32835177/ doi: 10.1002/ped4.12207 id: cord-340028-6oicmeam author: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 words: 7228.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt summary: Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects. abstract: The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros “old man” and epilavís, “harmful”) infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102988 doi: 10.18632/aging.102988 id: cord-308807-9yggo5yk author: Zheng, DavidX. title: National analysis of COVID-19 and older emergency physicians date: 2020-11-04 words: 609.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308807-9yggo5yk.txt summary: On October 23, 2020, the U.S. reached a new pandemic record of 83,010 daily cases, 1 and all signs point toward an impending "second wave" or "third surge." Given the association between advanced age and COVID-19 severity, 2 our objective was to compare the geographic distribution of U.S. EPs age  60 years to the cumulative distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases, to highlight the potential risks faced by this vulnerable population of clinicians. Emergency departments could also amend operations to prioritize reduction of nosocomial transmission risk among advanced age EPs (e.g., allocating critically limited PPE to higher-risk physicians, geographically cohorting patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection within an emergency department). States were grouped into color-coordinated quintiles based on relative proportion of older EPs, and cumulative COVID-19 case volumes were adjusted with a logarithmic scale to create proportionally-sized data points. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0735675720309748 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.074 id: cord-273209-ou80n3p3 author: Zheng, Fang title: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China date: 2020-03-24 words: 2616.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273209-ou80n3p3.txt summary: Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has occurred unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and it had quickly spread from Wuhan to the other areas in China and abroad [1] [2] [3] [4] . In recent weeks, emerging studies have reported that most patients with COVID-19 had an epidemiological history including a travel or residence history in Wuhan City and neighboring areas, and contacting with confirmed or suspected cases [7] . Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (URI) (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). In our study, most patients had mild diseases including upper respiratory tract infection and mild pneumonia, which were less severe than symptoms reported in adult patients [9, 10] . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province. A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected. The demographic data, epidemiological history, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1. The median age was 3 years. COVID-19 cases in children aged <3 years, 3.6 years, and ≥6-years patients were 10 (40%), 6 (24%), and 9 (36%), respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (13 [52%]), and dry cough (11 [44%]). Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases (33.3%), unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases (20.8%), and bilateral involvement in 11 cases (45.8%). Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). Two critical cases (8%) were given invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, and immunoglobulin. The symptoms in 24 (96%) of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged. It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults, while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children. However, children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group, which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32207032/ doi: 10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6 id: cord-301189-6sq1pfo8 author: Zheng, Hua title: Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-07-16 words: 1109.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301189-6sq1pfo8.txt summary: title: Impact of sex and age on respiratory support and length of hospital stay among 1,792 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Editor -The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly since the early cases identified in Wuhan, China. The respiratory support included low-flow or high-flow oxygen therapy via nasal cannula or mask; noninvasive or invasive positive pressure ventilation; or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) . Previous studies have reported that older age and male sex were risk factors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients, with limited information about the need for respiratory support 4, 5 . Among all patients, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and invasive positive pressure ventilation were given to 60 (3.3%), 135 (7.5%), 104 (5.8%) patients, respectively, with increased requirement for this amongst male and older patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32773217/ doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.001 id: cord-271362-qn5i6cdj author: Zheng, Lei title: Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance date: 2020-09-21 words: 5589.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271362-qn5i6cdj.txt summary: According to the literature, high perceived control increases the psychological distance from a negative target (Han et al., 2018) , which may in turn help individuals in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and further lead to high levels of perceived general health and life satisfaction. Next, the results of the mediation model showed that regional pandemic severity had a negative effect on the psychological distance from COVID-19 (B = À0.54, SE = 0.12, p < .001), which subsequently led to low levels of perceived general health (B = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < .001) and life satisfaction (B = 0.15, SE = 0.02, p < .001). In particular, the regional pandemic severity adversely affects psychological distance when people have low perceived control, which in turn can lead to low levels of both life satisfaction and perceived general health. abstract: BACKGROUND: Ways to maintain good health during a pandemic are very important for the general population; however, little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on individuals’ life satisfaction and perceived general health. This study aimed to examine the effects of COVID‐19 on life satisfaction and perceived general health and reveal the buffering effect of perceived control on coping with COVID‐19. METHODS: We collected 1,847 participants’ data from 31 pandemic‐affected provinces in China and obtained regional epidemic data of the same provinces. We employed a moderated mediation model with both individuals’ self‐report data and regional epidemic data to verify the hypotheses. RESULTS: Psychological distance mediated the relationships of regional pandemic severity with perceived general health and life satisfaction. Perceived control moderated the detrimental effects of regional pandemic severity through the moderating effects of regional pandemic severity on psychological distance, as well as the moderating effects of psychological distance on life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that perceived control may act as a protective factor buffering the psychological impact of the pandemic on general health and life satisfaction. Psychological distance can serve as a mediator that explains how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts perceived general health and life satisfaction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955170/ doi: 10.1111/aphw.12232 id: cord-283912-ha2xwjzy author: Zheng, Meijuan title: Serum inflammatory factors are positively correlated with the production of specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 patients date: 2020-09-22 words: 1523.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283912-ha2xwjzy.txt summary: 5 Thus, a detailed characterization of the associations between humoral immune responses and inflammatory factors could result in a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions in COVID-19 patients. In the current study, the levels of RBD-specific IgG, RBD-specific IgA, and the frequencies of ASCs and ICOS+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells were found to be higher in severely affected COVID-19 patients than those in nonseverely affected patients. Collectively, these results indicated that severe COVID-19 illness induced strong humoral immune responses, which is consistent with previous studies showing higher IgG titers in severe patients than in nonsevere patients. Our study showed that the severely affected patients displayed higher levels of anti-RBD antibodies, increased frequencies of ASCs and ICOS + TFH cells, and elevated levels of CXCL13. Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 requires further investigation of the mechanism underlying the correlations between humoral immunity and inflammatory factors in severe COVID-19, and the results of such studies could be used to guide immunotherapy with passive antibodies while controlling hyperinflammation. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32963357/ doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00551-1 id: cord-288500-ko4eda9w author: Zheng, Ruijun title: Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-10-23 words: 4678.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288500-ko4eda9w.txt summary: The results indicated that COVID-19-related stress, relationship quality with family, and demographic characteristics were associated with depression, anxiety, and perceived health status. A study reported that health care workers at high risk of contracting SARS were more likely to have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety, and develop post-traumatic stress during the SARS epidemic (McAlonan et al., 2007) . In this study, we hypothesize that COVID-19-related stress, relationship quality with family, and perceived health status are associated with the risk of depression and anxiety. The questionnaire contained ten main items: unknown origin of COVID-19, fear of infection, lack of effective treatment, poor patient compliance, nursing workload, poor social support, parent-child relationship quality, couple relationship quality, relationship quality with other family members, and perceived health status. The main findings indicated that nurses experiencing COVID-19-related stress and poor relationship quality with family were more likely to develop depression and anxiety symptoms and have health concerns. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern and has caused traumatic experience for nurses worldwide. However, the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in nurses, and how psychosocial factors influence nurses in this public crisis are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of nurses and the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses in China during the outbreak. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3,228 nurses in Sichuan Province and Wuhan City were selected by convenience sampling. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through WeChat from January 27 to February 3, 2020. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire combining depression and anxiety scale was used to collect data anonymously. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was applied to measure the odds of psychosocial factors of anxiety and depression and perceived health, respectively. RESULTS: The total incidence of depression (34.3%) and anxiety (18.1%) during the COVID-19 outbreak was lower than that during the SARS outbreak; however, the rate of depression in our study (47.1%) was high and similar in a recent study (50.4%) about the health care workers exposed to COVID-19 in China. The results indicated that COVID-19-related stress, relationship quality with family, and demographic characteristics were associated with depression, anxiety, and perceived health status. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression was similar between nurses working in low-risk COVID-19 wards was as high as working in high-risk COVID-19 wards (OR, 1.078; 95% CI, 0.784–1.481). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed the high prevalence of depression and anxiety among nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19. COVID-19 factors and psychosocial factors were associated with mental health of nurses. The results suggest that hospitals should implement effective mental health promotion programs focused on occupational safety and family support to improve the well-being of nurses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0020748920302959 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103809 id: cord-335061-wn8u7u9y author: Zheng, Yichao title: A Learning-based Model to Evaluate Hospitalization Priority in COVID-19 Pandemics date: 2020-08-03 words: 3463.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335061-wn8u7u9y.txt summary: This model is found effective to identify severe COVID-19 cases on admission, with a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 100% to predict the disease progression toward rapid deterioration. In light of this unmet need in efficient triage of COVID-19 cases, the study is sought to 56 develop and validate a learning-based model that evaluates patients'' priority of being 57 admitted to hospital care due to their appearance or susceptibility toward severe 58 COVID-19. As this study was sought to identify 86 the hospitalization priority according to the prehospital assessment of severe COVID-19 87 risk, only clinical data obtained on admission were used to evaluate the importance of 88 clinical variables in identification of severe or potentially severe cases. To assess the 358 effectiveness of models in early prediction of severe progressions, patients who were 359 presented with non-severe symptom on admission but developed severe disease during 360 hospitalization were enrolled as an external testing set for analysis. abstract: Summary The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is placing an increasing burden on the healthcare systems. Although the majority of infected patients have non-severe symptoms and can be managed at home, some individuals may develop severe disease and are demanding the hospital admission. Therefore, it becomes paramount to efficiently assess the severity of COVID-19 and identify hospitalization priority with precision. In this respect, a 4-variable assessment model, including lymphocyte, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil, is established and validated using the XGBoost algorithm. This model is found effective to identify severe COVID-19 cases on admission, with a sensitivity of 84.6%, a specificity of 84.6%, and an accuracy of 100% to predict the disease progression toward rapid deterioration. It also suggests that a computation-derived formula of clinical measures is practically applicable for the healthcare administrators to distribute hospitalization resources to the most needed in epidemics and pandemics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389920301203?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100092 id: cord-288810-ab7k70c4 author: Zheng, Yingyan title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 3369.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288810-ab7k70c4.txt summary: title: Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the predictive abilities of clinical and computed tomography (CT) features for outcome prediction in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The prognostic nomogram based on the combination of clinical and CT features could be a useful tool for predicting adverse outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Chest CT manifestations of regional involvement, scattering distribution, transverse distribution, the number of involved https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 kjronline.org pulmonary segments, extent, shape, ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, crazy-paving sign, halo sign, reversed halo sign (RHS), air bronchogram, bronchiectasis, vascular enlargement, pleural thickening, pleural retraction, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were assessed. The nomogram developed using a combination of clinical and CT features could aid in https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 kjronline.org predicting adverse outcomes for patients with COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the predictive abilities of clinical and computed tomography (CT) features for outcome prediction in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and CT data of 238 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in our two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. One hundred sixty-six patients (103 males; age 43.8 ± 12.3 years) were allocated in the training cohort and 72 patients (38 males; age 45.1 ± 15.8 years) from another independent hospital were assigned in the validation cohort. The primary composite endpoint was admission to an intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to identify independent predictors. A nomogram was constructed based on the combination of clinical and CT features, and its prognostic performance was externally tested in the validation group. The predictive value of the combined model was compared with models built on the clinical and radiological attributes alone. RESULTS: Overall, 35 infected patients (21.1%) in the training cohort and 10 patients (13.9%) in the validation cohort experienced adverse outcomes. Underlying comorbidity (hazard ratio [HR], 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67–6.71; p < 0.001), lymphocyte count (HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04–0.38; p < 0.001) and crazy-paving sign (HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.03–4.48; p = 0.042) were the independent factors. The nomogram displayed a concordance index (C-index) of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.76–0.88), and its prognostic value was confirmed in the validation cohort with a C-index of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82–0.96). The combined model provided the best performance over the clinical or radiological model (p < 0.050). CONCLUSION: Underlying comorbidity, lymphocyte count and crazy-paving sign were independent predictors of adverse outcomes. The prognostic nomogram based on the combination of clinical and CT features could be a useful tool for predicting adverse outcomes of patients with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.0485 id: cord-277880-g0c6jchg author: Zhong, Jim title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK date: 2020-11-03 words: 3121.0 sentences: 157.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277880-g0c6jchg.txt summary: RESULTS: A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by only 0.5%. During the subsequent weeks, the rising number of new COVID-19 cases and hospital admissions in the UK resulted in increased pressures on the national health service (NHS). COVID-19 has brought new challenges for interventional radiology (IR), both in terms of workflow and IR preparedness; however, IR has continued to provide acute and emergency treatments due to the unique value that IR has to offer in terms of adaptability and offering minimally invasive procures (MIPs), the majority of which are done under local anaesthetic which are not aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) [2, 3] . Three out of the six sites report a decrease in workload, whereas the other 50% have performed more cases in the acute setting when compared to the pre-COVID-19 time period. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented challenges on the healthcare system. The aim of this multi-centre study was to measure the impact of COVID-19 on IR services in the UK. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study of IR practice in six UK centres during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. All therapeutic IR procedures were identified using the respective hospital radiology information systems and COVID-19 status found on the hospital patient record systems. The total number of therapeutic IR procedures was recorded over two time periods, 25/03/2019–21/04/2019 (control group) and 30/03/2020–26/04/2020 (COVID-19 group). The data points collected were: procedure type, aerosol-generating nature, acute or elective case, modality used, in- or out-of-hours case and whether the procedure was done at the bedside (portable). RESULTS: A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by only 0.5%. An increase in out-of-hours work by 10% was observed. COVID-19 was suspected or laboratory proved in 9.9% of cases (n = 93), and 15% of total cases (n = 141) were classed as aerosol-generating procedures. A 66% rise in cholecystostomy was noted during COVID-19. Image-guided ablation, IVC filters, aortic stent grafting and visceral vascular stenting had the greatest % decreases in practice during COVID-19, with 91.7%, 83.3%, 80.8% and 80.2% decreases, respectively. CONCLUSION: During the global pandemic, IR has continued to provide emergency and elective treatment highlighting the adaptability of IR in supporting other specialties. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00270-020-02692-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-020-02692-2 doi: 10.1007/s00270-020-02692-2 id: cord-303035-xfg3iczd author: Zhong, Yajuan title: Immunity and Coagulation/Fibrinolytic Processes may Reduce the Risk of Severe Illness in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 date: 2020-10-22 words: 3145.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303035-xfg3iczd.txt summary: They displayed increased WBC, neutrophil count, NLR, and levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, along with decreased lymphocyte and IL-4 level (P<0.05), compared with non-pregnant women with mild/moderate COVID-19. We 114 hypothesize that the specific immunity response and coagulation-fibrinolysis state among 115 pregnant women COVID-19 may play important roles in progression of illness in Herein, the clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators in 539 Chinese Han 117 COVID-19 patients including 36 pregnant women were analyzed. 257 non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, there are significant difference in 267 immunological and coagulation/fibrinolysis indicators. This may explain why the immunological files are similar between pregnant 322 women with COVID-19 and pregnant women without Our data indicated that for the general COVID-19 women population, the immune 324 dysregulation mainly manifesting as increased IL-6 , IL-10 and IL-6/10 levels and a decreased 325 lymphocyte count and its subsets, along with increased NLR, is related to the risks for severe 326 and critical illness. abstract: Background There are specific physiologic features regarding the immunity and coagulation among pregnant women, which may play important roles in the illness development of COVID-19. Objective To determine the key factors associated with the deterioration of patients with COVID-19 and the differentiating clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19, to interfere with the progression of COVID-19. Study Design A retrospective study of 539 Chinese Han adult patients with COVID-19 was conducted, of which 36 cases were pregnant women. 36 pregnant women without COVID-19 were recruited as the control. The characteristics of severe and critical illness which were differentiated from mild and moderate illness in patients with COVID-19 were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm. Additionally, major differences between pregnant women with COVID-19 and age-matched non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, paired with pregnant women without COVID-19, were explored to identify specific physiological features of pregnant women with COVID-19. Results For the total patient population, the lymphocyte, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD16+56+ cell counts were significantly lower, and white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in those with severe/critical illness than those with mild/moderate illness (P<0.001). The plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-6 to IL-10 ratio (IL-6/10) were significantly increased in critical patients, compared to mild, moderate and severe patients (P<0.001). The above immunological co-clusters achieved an AUC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.764-0.838); and its combined model with the coagulation and fibrinolysis index (prothrombin time, d-dimer) achieved an AUC of 0.815 (95% CI: 0.779-0.851) using the random Forest regression model to predict severe or critical illness. For the pregnant women with COVID-19, none had pre-existing diseases. They displayed increased WBC, neutrophil count, NLR, and levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, along with decreased lymphocyte and IL-4 level (P<0.05), compared with non-pregnant women with mild/moderate COVID-19. Although they presented similar changes of immunological markers of lymphocyte, WBC, NLR, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+56+ cell count and IL-6/10 compared with non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, none of the pregnant women with COVID-19 deteriorated into severe or critical illness. There were no significant differences in comparison to WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, NLR, immunological markers or coagulation fibrinolysis markers between pregnant women with COVID-19 and pregnant women without COVID-19. As for the discrepancy of pathophysiological features between pregnant women with COVID-19 and non-pregnant women with severe/critical COVID-19, the immunological markers achieved an AUC of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.773-0.977); and its combined model with coagulation and fibrinolysis index achieved an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.850-1.000). Conclusions Immune dysregulation was identified as a crucial feature of COVID-19 patients which developed severe or critical illness, and pregnant women with COVID-19 presented with similar immune responses but rarer incidences of severe or critical illness. Immune dysregulation is related to the risks of deterioration into severe or critical illness. The specific coagulation/fibrinolysis system of pregnancy may reduce pregnant women with COVID-19 without pre-existing disease from the development of severe illness. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937820312072?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.032 id: cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 author: Zhong, Yueyang title: COVID-19: Evidence of the Eye date: 2020-05-28 words: 534.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.txt summary: Based on 13 case series and 9 case reports, we would like to share five key points of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients, hoping to provide a new perspective and broader view of the disease. First, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause ocular manifestations. The first large epidemiological study reported 9 cases of conjunctival congestion among 1099 patients in China 2 . Ocular manifestations may present as the initial and the only symptoms of infection. Ocular involvements are more likely to present in severe COVID-19 cases, and there is no age or gender preference. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Isolation From Ocular Secretions of a Patient With COVID-19 in Italy With Prolonged Viral RNA Detection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255730/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.054 id: cord-027759-5mz0qlwq author: Zhou, Anli Yue title: Mental health and the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-01 words: 720.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027759-5mz0qlwq.txt summary: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic threatens to overwhelm well-established healthcare systems, and medical professionals have to work under extreme pressures and uncertainty [1, 2] . Front-line staff such as doctors involved in diagnosis, treatment and care are particularly vulnerable to negative mental health outcomes [4] . Healthcare organizations are recognizing how mental health problems can impact on the quality of healthcare [1, 9] and there have been suggestions to provide ongoing remote psychological support for front-line staff [9, 10] . The multidisciplinary nature of in-house occupational health departments can be a source of psychological support for distressed medical staff alongside other services that may be available to front-line staff such as the recently implemented mental health hotline [12] . Due to the overwhelming impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, single and simple solutions are very unlikely to mitigate the negative mental health outcomes of COVID-19 on medical professionals. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313821/ doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa076 id: cord-321873-9l9zp6gm author: Zhou, Bo title: The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-04-17 words: 608.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321873-9l9zp6gm.txt summary: title: The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding. The RT-PCR tests were performed on throat swabs following a previously described method 3 Moreover, another study displayed that four patients with COVID-19 who met the criteria for hospital discharge in China had positive RT-PCR test results 5 to 13 days later 6 , suggesting that recovered patients might still be virus carriers. Based on the results, we did not observe shortening of viral shedding time in the above groups, so it implied that all patients with severe COVID-19 should complete adequate course of treatment, regardless of sex and age. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has drawn global intensive attention(1-3). Most of studies paid attention to epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of inpatients with COVID-19(1-3). However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302000/ doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa451 id: cord-351273-tfmq085x author: Zhou, Bo title: A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis date: 2020-04-22 words: 2387.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351273-tfmq085x.txt summary: We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. In the present article, we report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe COVID-19, complicated by acute cerebral infarction and venous thrombosis of the bilateral lower extremities. Because of blood oxygen saturation of 85%, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 (severe) according to the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Program (4th edition) published by the National Health Commission of China (5) , and was transferred to the isolation ward of our hospital. In this case report, we present one patient with severe COVID-19 and a previous history of hypertension and atherosclerosis Frontiers in Neurology | www.frontiersin.org with concomitant acute cerebral infarction, posterior tibial and intermuscular venous thrombosis of bilateral lower extremities. abstract: We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. The patient was admitted to our hospital on 5 February 2020 with severe COVID-19. On 20 February 2020, she was diagnosed with concomitant acute cerebral infarction via head computed tomography (CT) and deep vein thrombosis in both lower limbs. After symptomatic and supportive treatments, the patient was discharged on 13 March 2020. She will comply with quarantine for another 2 weeks and receive rehabilitation training from a specialist doctor. Cerebral infarction should be considered and promptly managed in patients with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32390931/ doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00296 id: cord-309032-idjdzs97 author: Zhou, Feng title: Epidemiological Characteristics and Factors Associated with Critical Time Intervals of COVID-19 in Eighteen Provinces, China: A Retrospective Study date: 2020-10-09 words: 4176.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309032-idjdzs97.txt summary: Several studies conducted in China, Italy and the United States have reported some epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in the initial phase (Grasselli et al., 2020 , Liang et al., 2020 , Price-Haywood et al., 2020 , Richardson et al., 2020 , Wu and McGoogan, 2020 , However, there is still a lack of research on the space-time characteristics in the populations of imported and local cases respectively which is of great significance. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal distribution of the COVID-19 in eighteen provinces of China (outside Hubei province) and investigated the epidemiological characteristics in the population of imported cases and local cases, from the beginning of this epidemic until it was under good control. We further assessed the critical influence factors associated with time interval from symptom onset to hospitalization (TOH) and length of hospital stay (LOS), including demographic and temporal and spatial characteristics. abstract: Background As COVID-19 ravages continuously around the world, more information on the epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with time interval between critical events is needed to contain the pandemic and to assess the effectiveness of interventions. Methods Individual information on confirmed cases from January 21 to March 2 was collected from provincial or municipal health commissions. We identified the difference between imported and local cases in the epidemiological characteristics. Two models were established to estimate the factors associated with time interval from symptom onset to hospitalization (TOH) and length of hospital stay (LOS) respectively. Results Among 7,042 cases, 3392 (48.17%) were local cases and 3304 (46.92%) were imported cases. Since the first intervention was adopted in Hubei on January 23, the daily reported imported cases reached a peak on January 28 and gradually decreased since then. Imported cases were on average younger (41 vs. 48), and had more male (58.66% vs. 47.53%) compared to local cases. Furthermore, imported cases had more contacts with other confirmed cases (2.80 ± 2.33 vs. 2.17 ± 2.10), which were mainly within family members (2.26 ± 2.18 vs. 1.57 ± 2.06). The TOH and LOS were 2.67 ± 3.69 and 18.96 ± 7.63 days respectively, and a longer TOH was observed in elderly living in the provincial capital cities that were higher migration intensity with Hubei. Conclusions Measures to restrict traffic can effectively reduce imported spread. However, household transmission is still not controlled, particularly for the infection of imported cases to elderly women. It is still essential to surveil and educate patients about the early admission or isolation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33045428/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1487 id: cord-348297-k9fuegol author: Zhou, Feng title: Shelter Hospital: Glimmers of Hope in Treating Coronavirus 2019 date: 2020-04-16 words: 1032.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348297-k9fuegol.txt summary: In this comment, we report the unexpected beneficial effect of a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. I n December 2019, the type of pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, 1,2 spreading rapidly to other parts of Hubei province and China. Under these circumstances, the Chinese Government decided to build a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital for the treatment of mild COVID-19 patients. During the epidemic prevention, 16 shelter hospitals were built in Wuhan, providing 13 467 beds and treating more than 12 000 patients. On the afternoon of March 10, 2020, all patients in 16 shelter hospitals were discharged and all shelter hospitals were declared closed, representing a temporary victory of prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan abstract: Since the first report of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of the disease has been continuously evolving. Until March 17, 2020, 185, 178 cases had been confirmed, including 81,134 cases in China and 104,044 cases outside of China. In this comment, we report the unexpected beneficial effect of a deployable rapid-assembly shelter hospital on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We describe the shelter hospital maintenance, treatment mode and primary treatment methods, which will provide a valuable experience in dealing with public health emergencies, such as COVID-19, for other countries and areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295658/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.105 id: cord-328687-clr1e9p6 author: Zhou, Fuling title: Tracing asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers among 3674 hospital staff:a cross-sectional survey date: 2020-09-15 words: 3719.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328687-clr1e9p6.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Recently, in order to avoid further nosocomial infection, all staff without clinical symptoms in our hospital participated in the physical examination before resumption of ordinary job, including chest CT, throat swab RT-PCR test and plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test. This study aims to analyze the examination results, understand the infection status of staff, track the infection related risk factors, as well as tracing of asymptomatic infection individual, so as to provide effective suggestions for other hospitals and non-medical institution in Wuhan, ensuring scientific and safe return to work. In our study, asymptomatic carrier refers to patients who have mild or non-symptoms but with positive test for viral nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 or with positive test for serum specific IgM antibody. abstract: BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic carriers were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) without developing symptoms, which might be a potential source of infection outbreak. Here, we aim to clarify the epidemiologic and influencing factors of asymptomatic carriers in the general population. METHODS: In our hospital, all hospital staff have received throat swab RT-PCR test, plasma COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibodies test and chest CT examination. We analyzed the correlation between infection rates and gender, age, job position, work place and COVID-19 knowledge training of the staff. After that, all asymptomatic staff were re-examined weekly for 3 weeks. FINDINGS: A total of 3764 hospital staff were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. Among them, 126 hospital staff had abnormal findings, and the proportion of asymptomatic infection accounted for 0.76% (28/3674). There were 26 staff with IgM+, 73 with IgG+, and 40 with ground glass shadow of chest CT. Of all staff with abnormal findings, the older they are, the more likely they are to be the staff with abnormal results, regardless of their gender. Of 3674 hospital staff, the positive rate of labor staff is obviously higher than that of health care workers (HCWs) and administrative staff (P<0.05). In the course of participating in the treatment of COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in positive rates between high-risk departments and low-risk departments (P>0.05). The positive rate of HCWs who participated in the COVID-19 knowledge training was lower than those did not participate in early training (P <0.01). Importantly, it was found that there was no statistical difference between the titers of IgM antibody of asymptomatic infections and confirmed patients with COVID-19 in recovery period (P>0.05). During 3 weeks follow-up, all asymptomatic patients did not present the development of clinical symptoms or radiographic abnormalities after active intervention in isolation point. INTERPRETATION: To ensure the safety of resumption of work, institutions should conduct COVID-19 prevention training for staff and screening for asymptomatic patients, and take quarantine measures as soon as possible in areas with high density of population. FUNDING: The Key Project for Anti-2019 novel Coronavirus Pneumonia from the Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Wuhan Emergency Technology Project of COVID-19 epidemic, China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32954232/ doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100510 id: cord-320349-6hbuq0k7 author: Zhou, Hua title: Development of early warning and rapid response system for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): A research protocol date: 2020-08-21 words: 3501.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320349-6hbuq0k7.txt summary: Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with different disease severity types; critical deterioration events; patients who had unplanned transfers to an intensive care unit (ICU) and required critical care interventions; intervals from warning to implementation of clinical interventions; hospital mortality; length of ICU and hospital stay; workload of medical staff and risks of exposure to COVID-19. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with different disease severity types; critical deterioration events of patients during treatment, including total incidences and classification of each type of event; patients with unplanned transfers to ICU and requiring critical care interventions (mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, inotropes, and/or other organ-supported therapies) during treatment; time intervals from patient warning information received to implementation of clinical interventions; the severity of illness at unplanned transfer to ICU; hospital mortality; length of ICU and hospital stay; workload of physicians and nurses during study period; risks of exposure to potential COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious damage to public health. COVID-19 has no vaccine or specific therapy; its mortality rate increases significantly once patients deteriorate. Furthermore, intensive monitoring of COVID-19 is limited by insufficient medical resources and increased risks of exposure to medical staff. We therefore aim to build an early warning and rapid response system (EWRRS) to address these problems. METHOD: The research is designed as a prospective cohort study, to verify a dynamic and interactive evaluation system; it includes patient self-reporting, active monitoring, early alarming and treatment recommendations. Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 will be recruited from Sept 2020 to Aug 2021 at a tertiary contagious hospital. Patients with life expectancy <48 hours, pregnant or lactating, in immunosuppression states or end-stage diseases will be excluded. The intervention is implementation of EWRRS to detect early signs of clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients, to provide timely and efficient treatment suggestions by the system. EWRRS can determine the classification and interactive evaluation of patient information; the determination is based on the application of 3 different scenario modules, separately driven by patients, nurses, and physicians. The primary outcome is change in disease severity category after treatment. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients with different disease severity types; critical deterioration events; patients who had unplanned transfers to an intensive care unit (ICU) and required critical care interventions; intervals from warning to implementation of clinical interventions; hospital mortality; length of ICU and hospital stay; workload of medical staff and risks of exposure to COVID-19. DISCUSSION: Our hypothesis is that EWRRS provides an example of an early identification, warning, and response system for COVID-19. In addition, EWRRS can potentially be extended to use as a grading metric for general critically ill patients in an ICU setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32846843/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021874 id: cord-326903-t2cx2ju5 author: Zhou, J. title: Altered blood cell traits underlie a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 3444.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326903-t2cx2ju5.txt summary: Results: Our PheWAS identified and replicated multiple blood cell traits to be associated with the COVID-19 risk variant, including monocyte count and percentage (p = 1.07e-8, 4.09e-13), eosinophil count and percentage (p = 5.73e-3, 2.20e-3), and neutrophil percentage (p = 3.23e-3). The PGS analysis revealed positive associations between the expression of candidate genes and genetically predicted counts of specific blood cells: CCR3 with eosinophil and basophil (p = 5.73e-21, 5.08e-19); CCR2 with monocytes (p = 2.40e-10); and CCR1 with monocytes and neutrophil (p = 1.78e-6, 7.17e-5). Conclusions: Multiple blood cell traits, especially monocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil numbers, are associated with the COVID-19 risk variant and the expression of its candidate target genes, representing probable mechanistic links between the genetic locus 3p21.31 and severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our phenome-wide association study for the severe COVID-19 risk variant at locus 3p21.31 and its candidate target genes identified altered blood cell traits, especially counts of monocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil, as the probable mechanistic links between the genetic locus and severe COVID-19. abstract: Purpose: The genetic locus 3p21.31 has been associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Methods: To identify intermediate traits of the COVID-19 risk variant, we performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) with 923 phenotypes in 310,999 European individuals from UK Biobank. For candidate target genes, we examined associations between their expression and the polygenic score (PGS) of 1,263 complex traits in a meta-analysis of 31,684 blood samples. Results: Our PheWAS identified and replicated multiple blood cell traits to be associated with the COVID-19 risk variant, including monocyte count and percentage (p = 1.07e-8, 4.09e-13), eosinophil count and percentage (p = 5.73e-3, 2.20e-3), and neutrophil percentage (p = 3.23e-3). The PGS analysis revealed positive associations between the expression of candidate genes and genetically predicted counts of specific blood cells: CCR3 with eosinophil and basophil (p = 5.73e-21, 5.08e-19); CCR2 with monocytes (p = 2.40e-10); and CCR1 with monocytes and neutrophil (p = 1.78e-6, 7.17e-5). Conclusions: Multiple blood cell traits, especially monocyte, eosinophil, and neutrophil numbers, are associated with the COVID-19 risk variant and the expression of its candidate target genes, representing probable mechanistic links between the genetic locus 3p21.31 and severe COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.09.20191700 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.09.20191700 id: cord-123714-1ll0a9q6 author: Zhou, Jianlong title: Examination of community sentiment dynamics due to covid-19 pandemic: a case study from Australia date: 2020-06-22 words: 4058.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-123714-1ll0a9q6.txt summary: In this paper, we exploit the massive text data posted by Twitter users to analyse the sentiment dynamics of people living in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia during the pandemic period. Based on the analysis of around 94 million tweets that posted by around 183 thousand users located at different LGAs in NSW in five months, we found that people in NSW showed an overall positive sentimental polarity and the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the overall positive sentimental polarity during the pandemic period. This study also analysed the sentimental dynamics delivered by the hot topics in Twitter such as government policies (e.g. the Australia''s JobKeeper program, lock-down, social-distancing) as well as the focused social events (e.g. the Ruby Princess Cruise). In order to analyse the dynamics of sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic period in a fine-grained level, we collected tweets from Twitter users that live in the different LGAs of NSW in Australia. abstract: The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused unprecedented impacts to people's daily life around the world. Various measures and policies such as lock-down and social-distancing are implemented by governments to combat the disease during the pandemic period. These measures and policies as well as virus itself may cause different mental health issues to people such as depression, anxiety, sadness, etc. In this paper, we exploit the massive text data posted by Twitter users to analyse the sentiment dynamics of people living in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia during the pandemic period. Different from the existing work that mostly focuses the country-level and static sentiment analysis, we analyse the sentiment dynamics at the fine-grained local government areas (LGAs). Based on the analysis of around 94 million tweets that posted by around 183 thousand users located at different LGAs in NSW in five months, we found that people in NSW showed an overall positive sentimental polarity and the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the overall positive sentimental polarity during the pandemic period. The fine-grained analysis of sentiment in LGAs found that despite the dominant positive sentiment most of days during the study period, some LGAs experienced significant sentiment changes from positive to negative. This study also analysed the sentimental dynamics delivered by the hot topics in Twitter such as government policies (e.g. the Australia's JobKeeper program, lock-down, social-distancing) as well as the focused social events (e.g. the Ruby Princess Cruise). The results showed that the policies and events did affect people's overall sentiment, and they affected people's overall sentiment differently at different stages. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.12185v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-278629-8fva8fwr author: Zhou, Jun title: Differential diagnosis between the coronavirus disease 2019 and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia by thin-slice CT features date: 2020-10-06 words: 2463.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278629-8fva8fwr.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: The chest computed tomography (CT) features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (S. CONCLUSION: The findings of GGO, the crazy paving sign, and abnormally thickened interlobular septa on chest CT were significantly higher in COVID-19 than S. From the chest CT data of all 246 enrolled pneumonia patients, the distribution features of disease foci are analyzed and summarized in Table 2 . Although the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 (the provisional 7th edition) already abolished the use of typical CT findings as independent criteria for the clinical diagnosis of suspected cases in Hubei Province, many scholars reported that abnormalities might be found in the chest CT of some patients with negative viral nucleic acid detection results [16] [17] [18] . The most important differential points were whether the disease foci had the CT features of lung lobular and segmental distribution, the crazy paving sign, abnormally thickened interlobular septa, and consolidation lesions. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The chest computed tomography (CT) features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (S. pneumoniae pneumonia) were compared to provide further evidence for the differential imaging diagnosis of patients with these two types of pneumonia. METHODS: Clinical information and chest CT data of 149 COVID-19 patients between January 9, 2020 and March 15, 2020 and 97 patients with S. pneumoniae pneumonia between January 23, 2011 and March 18, 2020 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, CT features were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: According to the chest CT images, the probability of lung segmental and lobar pneumonia in S. pneumoniae pneumonia was higher than that in COVID-19(P<0.001); the probabilities of ground-glass opacity (GGO), the “crazy paving” sign, and abnormally thickened interlobular septa in COVID-19 were higher than those in S. pneumoniae pneumonia(P = 0.005, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively); and the probabilities of consolidation lesions, bronchial wall thickening, centrilobular nodules, and pleural effusion in S. pneumoniae pneumonia were higher than those in COVID-19 (P<0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings of GGO, the crazy paving sign, and abnormally thickened interlobular septa on chest CT were significantly higher in COVID-19 than S. pneumoniae pneumonia. The most important differential points on chest CT signs between COVID-19 and S. pneumoniae pneumonia were whether disease lesions were distributed in entire lung lobes and segments and whether the crazy paving sign, interlobular septal thickening, and consolidation lesions were found. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0899707120303570 doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.012 id: cord-271416-53qxs7ge author: Zhou, Kehua title: Towards precision management of cardiovascular patients with COVID-19 to reduce mortality date: 2020-04-28 words: 1098.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271416-53qxs7ge.txt summary: 1 Suppression of the classical angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (angII)-angiotensin receptor (AT) 1 axis may be part of the treatment of COVID-19 while decreasing CVD complications and mortalities. Lower levels of ACE2 mediates the occurrence of cytokine production that can cause or is the result of the imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, 2,5 similar to the pathophysiology of type 2 myocardial infarction in COVID-19, especially in those with underlying CVDs. Going one step further, we postulate that CVD patients with a poorer tolerance to hypoxia may have higher morality risks of COVID-19, which may also apply to healthy people. In conclusion, the alignment between our postulated clinical mechanisms and epidemiological estimates, despite some confounding factors, enables us to propose a novel hypothesis between patients of high-altitude origin and their lower mortality risk of COVID-19. The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms with adaptation to high altitude: A meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033062020300840?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.012 id: cord-287222-wojyisu0 author: Zhou, Min title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update date: 2020-04-02 words: 5683.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287222-wojyisu0.txt summary: Of the first 99 laboratory-confirmed patients, 49 (49%) had been exposed to HSWM, which was reported to be the possible initial source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) [5] . New Coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme (Trial Version) published by Military Support Hubei Medical Team also put forward that for mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, corticosteroids should not be given principally and highdose corticosteroid pulse therapy was not recommended. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32240462/ doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8 id: cord-319859-6mt34av6 author: Zhou, Min title: Research on the individualized short‐term training model of nurses in emergency isolation wards during the outbreak of COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 2730.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319859-6mt34av6.txt summary: To seek efficient nursing training mode under the epidemic situation and improve the nurses'' knowledge reserve on emergency handling and control capabilities, a combination of on-site training and online training was implemented to provide COVID-19 related knowledge on nursing operation skills and hospital infections to the nursing team in a short term. Supported by research, the comparison between online and faceto-face training, well-designed online training shows more advantages in terms of time efficiency and memory effect (Kalyuga, 2007 ; TA B L E 5 Before and after training, the nursing staff improved the COVID-19 theory knowledge, operation skills and psychological conditions Kalyuga & Sweller, 2005) , which is consistent with the results of this study. Emergency training of nursing staff is crucial on preventing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic effectively and ensuring the operation of emergency isolation ward orderly. abstract: AIM: To explore an effective personalized training model for nurses working in emergency isolation wards of COVID‐19 in a short period. DESIGN: This study is a longitudinal study from 24 January 2020 to 28 February 2020. METHODS: There are 71 nursing staff working in the emergency isolation wards of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital that participated in this study. The questionnaires were conducted with Likert scale. The operation assessment teachers have received standardized training. The self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression Scale (SDS) were applied to assess the mental state of nurses. RESULTS: After short‐term training, these nurses can handle the emergency tasks in a timely manner. The pass rate of nurse theory and operation assessment is 100%. The 111 suspected patients admitted to the emergency isolation ward have been scientifically diagnosed and treated, the three confirmed patients have received appropriate treatment. No nurses have been infected. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the personalized emergency training mode was feasible in the emergency isolation ward during the COVID‐19 epidemic, which rapidly improved the rescue ability of nurses and effectively avoid the occurrence of cross‐infection. This mode can provide a valuable reference for the emergency training of nurses in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837736/ doi: 10.1002/nop2.580 id: cord-317648-lyxz10mo author: Zhou, Qi title: Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China date: 2020-06-11 words: 1188.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317648-lyxz10mo.txt summary: 4 The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in serious threats to health and safety, as well as various psychological problems, such as high levels of perceived stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms. 5 Previous studies have reported that the medical workers experiencing tremendous pressure, from factors, such as high risk of infection, overwork, depression, and emotionally impacted by negative patients, and lack of protection for their families, have been shown to exhibit long-term psychological implications. A binary logistic regression analysis (Table S2) showed that the risk of insomnia in the general population was independently associated with four variables: age, occupation, marital status, and geographical location (P < .05). The risk of stress in the general population was independently associated with three variables: gender, occupation, and education level (P < .05). Age, education, and profession were shown to be significant risk factors contributing to the stress vulnerability for the general population. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.103 doi: 10.1002/ctm2.103 id: cord-333083-8bxqsga2 author: Zhou, Shuchang title: Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China date: 2020-05-04 words: 3746.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333083-8bxqsga2.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To investigate CT images of 100 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients to describe the lesion distribution, CT signs, and evolution during different courses. • In the early rapid progressive stage, GGO plus a reticular pattern, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO were all common signs; in the advanced stage, signs of progression and absorption coexisted; lung abnormalities showed an asynchronous process with parts with absorption and parts progressing. In this study, we collected 100 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients, including 84 cases with CT follow-up scan, to describe the CT imaging features and evolution of this disease. We investigated the CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and CT changes according to the disease course of a large sample of 100 patients with 272 CT scans in this study. In conclusion, the main CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia mainly included GGO, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO plus reticular pattern, single or multiple focus onset, distributed predominantly in the peripheral, middle, and lower zones, and the posterior zone in bilateral lungs. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate CT images of 100 confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia patients to describe the lesion distribution, CT signs, and evolution during different courses. METHODS: A retrospective study of 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients without ARDS was performed, and CT scans were reviewed. A COVID-19 pneumonia course diagram was drawn. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the lesion distribution and CT scores, χ(2) test was used to compare the CT findings between different stages. RESULTS: A total of 272 CT scans from 100 patients (mean age, 52.3 years ± 13.1) were investigated. Four patients with lung abnormalities on CT first showed negative RT-PCR result and turned positive afterwards. One hundred sixty-nine (62.1%) showed predominantly peripheral distribution. The CT scores of the upper zone (3.4 ± 3.6) were significantly lower than those of the middle (5.0 ± 3.9) and lower (4.8 ± 3.6) zones (p < 0.001). The CT scores of the anterior zones (4.9 ± 4.7) were significantly lower than those of the posterior zones (8.4 ± 6.2) (p < 0.001). In the early rapid progressive stage (1~7 days), ground glass opacity (GGO) plus reticular pattern (58.1%), GGO plus consolidation (43.0%), and GGO (41.9%) were all common. In the advanced stage (8~14 days), GGO plus consolidation (79.8%) and repairing CT signs (subpleural line, bronchus distortion, and fibrotic strips) showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). In the absorption stage, GGO plus consolidation (9.1%) sharply decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia showed a predominantly peripheral, middle and lower, and posterior distribution. The early rapid progressive stage is 1~7 days from symptom onset, the advanced stage with peak levels of abnormalities on CT is 8~14 days, and the abnormalities started to improve after 14 days. KEY POINTS: • The course of COVID-19 pneumonia consists of three stages: 1~7 days is the early rapid progressive stage, 8~14 days is the advanced stage, and after 14 days, the abnormalities started to decrease. • In the early rapid progressive stage, GGO plus a reticular pattern, GGO plus consolidation, and GGO were all common signs; in the advanced stage, signs of progression and absorption coexisted; lung abnormalities showed an asynchronous process with parts with absorption and parts progressing. • Lung abnormalities mainly showed predominantly peripheral, middle, and lower distribution. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32367418/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06879-6 id: cord-290995-ok6lsh9m author: Zhou, Xiang title: COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan date: 2020-07-18 words: 1301.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290995-ok6lsh9m.txt summary: title: COVID-19 infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a German-Chinese experience from Würzburg and Wuhan The Chinese colleagues from Wuhan reported for the first time the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which caused severe acute respiratory syndrome [1] . The plasma cell neoplasm multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy in adults, which is characterized by secondary immune dysfunction and usually causes infectious complications, especially of the respiratory tract [2] [3] [4] . recently reported the experience from Belgium in this Journal (published on 23 June 2020), which also demonstrated a high mortality of 35% caused by COVID-19 infection in MM patients, and patients with immigration background especially North-Africans showed the worst survival outcome. Infections in patients with multiple myeloma in the era of high-dose therapy and novel agents Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2 doi: 10.1007/s00277-020-04184-2 id: cord-317605-s9vv7rw4 author: Zhou, Y. title: A New Predictor of Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-03-27 words: 2930.0 sentences: 179.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317605-s9vv7rw4.txt summary: This study sought to elucidate a novel predictor of disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cased by SARS-CoV-2. The outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia and those with non-severe pneumonia were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to explore clinical characteristics and risk factors. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of N/L, CRP, and D-dimer for determining disease severity in patients with COVID-19. To further explore the predictive value of N/L*CRP*D-dimer in the severity of COVID-19, we also conducted an internal validation. Patients with N/L*CRP*D-dimer results of less than 5.32 were classified as patients with non-severe pneumonia in predicted groups. Although N/L, CRP, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19, the ROC curve showed that they have a low predictive value for the severity of the infection. In general, the product of N/L*CRP*D-dimer is a new predictive value for the severity of COVID-19. abstract: Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China. This study sought to elucidate a novel predictor of disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cased by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Patients enrolled in this study were all hospitalized with COVID-19 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China. Clinical features, chronic comorbidities, demographic data, and laboratory and radiological data were reviewed. The outcomes of patients with severe pneumonia and those with non-severe pneumonia were compared using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to explore clinical characteristics and risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to screen optimal predictors from the risk factors and the predictive power was verified by internal validation. Results: A total of 377 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study, including 117 with severe pneumonia and 260 with non-severe pneumonia. The independent risk factors for severe pneumonia were age [odds ratio (OR): 1.059, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.036-1.082; p < 0.001], N/L (OR: 1.322, 95% CI: 1.180-1.481; p < 0.001), CRP (OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 1.129-1.341; p = 0.002), and D-dimer (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 1.013-1.107; p = 0.011). We identified a product of N/L*CRP*D-dimer as having an important predictive value for the severity of COVID-19. The cutoff value was 5.32. The negative predictive value of less than 5.32 for the N/L*CRP*D-dimer was 93.75%, while the positive predictive value was 46.03% in the test sets. The sensitivity and specificity were 89.47% and 67.42%. In the training sets, the negative and positive predictive values were 93.80% and 41.32%, respectively, with a specificity of 70.76% and a sensitivity of 89.87%. Conclusions: A product of N/L*CRP*D-dimer may be an important predictor of disease severity in patients with COVID-19. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.03.24.20042119v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042119 id: cord-264979-pc1s093k author: Zhou, Yan title: Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 971.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264979-pc1s093k.txt summary: title: Management for patients with pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 epidemic Besides, in addition to the COVID-19 itself, the relative shortage of medical resources caused by a surge in the number of coronavirus patients and accompanying economic downturn may also affect the diagnosis and management plan for children with surgical disease. Hence, the treatment plans for pediatric surgical disease during the COVID-19 outbreak deserve attention. Hence, a priority of treating the COVID-19 and a short delay in surgical treatment (or oncotherapy) may be an optimal option for those infected children without presenting a surgical emergency. Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and giving the necessary treatment should be the main treatment principles for treating children with pediatric surgical diseases but without COVID-19. During the outbreak, the impact of insufficient medical resources for pediatric surgical diseases may be greater than the infection itself. Optimal timing of surgical procedures in pediatric patients abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32307559/ doi: 10.1007/s00383-020-04656-6 id: cord-263716-ywsm11aw author: Zhou, Yifan title: Clinical time course of COVID-19, its neurological manifestation and some thoughts on its management date: 2020-05-04 words: 1795.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263716-ywsm11aw.txt summary: Patients in the initial incubation phase often have insidious clinical symptoms, but they are still highly contagious. At the later clinical symptomatic phase, the immune system is fully activated and the disease may enter the severe infection stage in this phase. Although many patients are known for their respiratory symptoms, they had neurological symptoms in their first 1–2 days of clinical symptomatic phase, and ischaemic stroke occurred 2 weeks after the onset of the clinical symptomatic phase. 3 However, we have found that many patients had neurological symptoms in their early stages, 4 and ischaemic stroke often happened around 2 weeks after the onset of infection. 9 Patients with COVID-19 often have insidious clinical symptoms, without fever or coughing, even though their lungs may have rather severe damages. His nucleic acid testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was positive. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global pandemic. COVID-19 runs its course in two phases, the initial incubation phase and later clinical symptomatic phase. Patients in the initial incubation phase often have insidious clinical symptoms, but they are still highly contagious. At the later clinical symptomatic phase, the immune system is fully activated and the disease may enter the severe infection stage in this phase. Although many patients are known for their respiratory symptoms, they had neurological symptoms in their first 1–2 days of clinical symptomatic phase, and ischaemic stroke occurred 2 weeks after the onset of the clinical symptomatic phase. The key is to prevent a patient from progressing to this severe infection from mild infection. We are sharing our experience on prevention and management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32366614/ doi: 10.1136/svn-2020-000398 id: cord-347245-35naeuo7 author: Zhou, Yongjie title: The prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances of frontline medical staff in China under the COVID-19 epidemic: workload should be concerned date: 2020-08-26 words: 2891.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347245-35naeuo7.txt summary: BACKGROUND: To our best knowledge, this was the first time to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances, including depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, insomnia and suicide, among frontline medical staff, who were working with the COVID-10 infected patients directly. METHODS: Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire scale (GAD-7), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) somatization, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the suicidal module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used for online survey. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors (including work overload) of psychological disorders among frontline medical staffs in China, including depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms, insomnia and suicide risk. After adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, ethnicity, family income, physical diseases and infection of relatives or friends, , the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, somatization symptoms, and insomnia were higher in frontline medical staff than those in general population (57.6% vs. abstract: BACKGROUND: To our best knowledge, this was the first time to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of psychological disturbances, including depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, insomnia and suicide, among frontline medical staff, who were working with the COVID-10 infected patients directly. METHODS: Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire scale (GAD-7), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) somatization, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the suicidal module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used for online survey. RESULTS: A total of 606 frontline hospital staff and1099 general population were recruited. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms, insomnia, and suicide risk in frontline medical staffs were 57.6%, 45.4%, 12.0%, 32.0% and 13.0%, respectively. Except for suicide risk, the prevalence of other psychological disorders in frontline medical staff were higher than those in general population (all p<0.01). Among the frontline medical staff, the daily working hours were associated with all psychological disturbance (all p<0.01), women with anxiety (p=0.02), body mass index (BMI) with anxiety and insomnia (p=0.02, p=0.03). Age was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia (all p<0.01). Finally, years of working and family income were negatively associated with suicide risk (p=0.03, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that during the outbreak of COVID-19, the frontline medical staff are more likely to suffer from psychological disturbances than general population. It is noticeable that daily working hours are a risk factor for all measured psychological disturbances, and some other variables may be involved in certain psychological disturbances of frontline medical staff. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165032720326653 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.059 id: cord-348221-w37lfv7e author: Zhou, Yongjie title: The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms of pregnant and non-pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-09-19 words: 3481.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348221-w37lfv7e.txt summary: Our results indicate that during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, pregnant women have an advantage of facing mental problems caused by COVID-19, showing fewer depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than non-pregnant women. We conducted this mental health survey among pregnant and non-pregnant women in China during the COVID-19 outbreak to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, physical discomfort, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both groups, and to explore whether pregnant women have more serious mental symptoms than non-pregnant women. The mental health status of the participants was assessed by the Chinese version of various scales, including the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), insomnia severity index (ISI), somatization subscale of the symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), and post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first investigation to assess and compare the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms including depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, insomnia, and PTSD between pregnant and non-pregnant women during COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading worldwide, with a staggering number of cases and deaths. However, available data on the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on pregnant women are limited. The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms among pregnant women, and to compare them with non-pregnant women. From February 28 to March 12, 2020, a cross-sectional study of pregnant and non-pregnant women was performed in China. The online questionnaire was used to collect information of participants. The mental health status was assessed by patient health questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder scale, insomnia severity index, somatization subscale of the symptom checklist 90, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist-5. Totally, 859 respondents were enrolled, including 544 pregnant women and 315 non-pregnant women. In this study, 5.3%, 6.8%, 2.4%, 2.6%, and 0.9% of pregnant women were identified to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, physical discomfort, insomnia, and PTSD, respectively. However, the corresponding prevalence rates among non-pregnant women were 17.5%, 17.5%, 2.5%, 5.4%, 5.7%, respectively. After adjusting for other covariates, we observed that pregnancy was associated a reduced risk of symptoms of depression (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.12–0.45), anxiety (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.16–0.42), insomnia (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06–0.58), and PTSD (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.04–0.53) during the COVID-19 epidemic. Our results indicate that during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, pregnant women have an advantage of facing mental problems caused by COVID-19, showing fewer depression, anxiety, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms than non-pregnant women. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32950999/ doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01006-x id: cord-309134-mxk8d9jd author: Zhou, Yongxia title: Cohort study of chest CT and clinical changes in 29 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-26 words: 3752.0 sentences: 209.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309134-mxk8d9jd.txt summary: The changes in the clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging features, lesion-to-muscle ratio (LMR), and pulmonary inflammation index (PII) at baseline, 1–6 days, 7–13 days, and ≥ 14 days were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Lung lesion development on chest CT reflects the clinical time course of COVID-19 progression over 1–6 days, followed by clinical improvement and the resorption of lesions. This retrospective single-center cohort study attempted to disprove the hypothesis that chest CT findings at follow-up do not reflect the clinical time course of COVID-19. According to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version six) of China [8] , the discharge criteria were as follows: (i) afebrile for more than 3 days, (ii) significant reduction in respiratory symptoms, (iii) acute exudative lesions with substantial improvements on chest radiograph or CT, and (iv) two consecutively negative COVID-19 nucleic acid tests at least 24 h apart. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the imaging findings and clinical time course of COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 113 baseline and follow-up CT scans from 24 January 2020 to 18 February 2020 were longitudinally collected from 29 confirmed COVID-19 patients in a single center. The changes in the clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging features, lesion-to-muscle ratio (LMR), and pulmonary inflammation index (PII) at baseline, 1–6 days, 7–13 days, and ≥ 14 days were compared. RESULTS: Of the 29 COVID-19 patients enrolled, the baseline chest CT scan was obtained 3 ± 2 (0–9) days after the onset of symptoms, and each patient had an average of 4 ± 1 (3–5) CT scans with a mean interval of 5 ± 2 (1–14) days. The percentage of patients with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia obviously decreased at 7–13 days with regular treatment (p < 0.05). The lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and oxygenation index worsened within 1–6 days but improved sharply at 7–13 days. Compared with those at the other three time points, the LMR, PII, and number of involved lobes at 1–6 days were the highest, and gradually improved after 7–13 days. CONCLUSIONS: Lung lesion development on chest CT reflects the clinical time course of COVID-19 progression over 1–6 days, followed by clinical improvement and the resorption of lesions. CT imaging may be indicated when patients fail to improve within a week of treatment, but repeated chest CT may be unnecessary when the patients show improvements clinically. KEY POINTS: • Chest CT reflects the development of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia (COVID-19). • COVID-19 usually shows progressive lesions over up to 9 days with subsequent resorption. • Unusual clinical time course of COVID-19 may indicate repeated chest CT. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32591890/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07007-0 id: cord-309930-zlzuoeh2 author: Zhou, Zhiming title: Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings date: 2020-03-24 words: 4232.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309930-zlzuoeh2.txt summary: METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20–91 years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Since December 2019, an increasing number of pneumonia cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and subsequently, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the globe [1] [2] [3] [4] . Hence, it is very necessary to systematically analyze the chest CT findings associated with this disease systematically, for the timely isolation, COVID-19 RT-PCR and respiratory care of patients, and early implementation of infection prevention and control measures. To fully understand and early discriminate the CT features of this disease in its early stages, we collected initial chest CT data from confirmed COVID-19 patients who did not receive any antiviral treatment mainly from Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital for analysis. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically analyze CT findings during the early and progressive stages of natural course of coronavirus disease 2019 and also to explore possible changes in pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities during these two stages. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20–91 years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Patients were assigned to the early-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4 days) or progressive-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4–7 days) for analysis. CT characteristics and the distribution, size, and CT score of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were assessed. RESULTS: In our study, the major characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 was ground-glass opacity (61.3%), followed by ground-glass opacity with consolidation (35.5%), rounded opacities (25.8%), a crazy-paving pattern (25.8%), and an air bronchogram (22.6%). No patient presented cavitation, a reticular pattern, or bronchial wall thickening. The CT scores of the progressive-stage group were significantly greater than those of the early-stage group (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple ground-glass opacities with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019. CT score can be used to evaluate the severity of the disease. If these typical alterations are found, then the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 must be considered. KEY POINTS: • Multiple GGOs with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of COVID-19. • The halo sign may be a special CT feature in the early-stage COVID-19 patients. • Significantly increased CT score may indicate the aggravation of COVID-19 in the progressive stage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211963/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06816-7 id: cord-304088-xkg0ylz8 author: Zhu, Han title: Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response date: 2020-04-21 words: 5532.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304088-xkg0ylz8.txt summary: While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. The increased incidence of cardiac injury among those with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes (SIRS) and shock in the setting of COVID-19 also highlights an important relationship between the immune response to the virus and the cardiovascular system. Of note, SARS-CoV-2 also contains an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which is the target of the anti-viral agent remdesivir, currently being studied randomized clinical trials for use against COVID-19 disease [26] . A recent retrospective, multi-center study of 150 patients confirmed that inflammatory markers, including elevated ferritin (mean 1297.6 ng/ml in non-survivors vs 614.0 ng/ml in survivors, p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.0001) were associated with more severe COVID-19 infection, suggesting that systemic inflammation may be a significant driver of multi-organ damage [18, 64] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of injury remains unclear. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS: A number of studies have reported an epidemiological association between history of cardiac disease and worsened outcome during COVID infection. Development of new onset myocardial injury during COVID-19 also increases mortality. While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. Potential treatments for reducing viral infection and excessive immune responses are also discussed. SUMMARY: COVID patients with cardiac disease history or acquire new cardiac injury are at an increased risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed to address the mechanism of cardiotoxicity and the treatments that can minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32318865/ doi: 10.1007/s11886-020-01292-3 id: cord-328859-qx7kvn0u author: Zhu, Hongjun title: Transmission Dynamics and Control Methodology of COVID-19: a Modeling Study date: 2020-09-21 words: 6169.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328859-qx7kvn0u.txt summary: Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces the previous work; Section 3 defines the related terminology; Section 4 explains the SEIR-HC model in detail; Section 5 describes the two-step optimization for parameter estimation; Section 6 shows the analysis results, and finally, Section 7 states the conclusions. ( ) : number of outbound travellers every day in Wuhan at time t; : contact rate in the community; ℎ : contact rate in hospitals; ( ) : incidence rate of the exposed individuals who are infected days ago, which follows the Weibull distribution; abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown up to be a pandemic within a short span of time. To investigate transmission dynamics and then determine control methodology, we took epidemic in Wuhan as a study case. Unfortunately, to our best knowledge, the existing models are based on the common assumption that the total population follows a homogeneous spatial distribution, which is not the case for the prevalence occurred both in the community and in hospital due to the difference in the contact rate. To solve this problem, we propose a novel epidemic model called SEIR-HC, which is a model with two different social circles (i.e., individuals in hospital and community). Using the model alongside the exclusive optimization algorithm, the spread process of COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan city is reproduced and then the propagation characteristics and unknown data are estimated. The basic reproduction number of COVID-19 is estimated to be 7.9, which is far higher than that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Furthermore, the control measures implemented in Wuhan are assessed and the control methodology of COVID-19 is discussed to provide guidance for limiting the epidemic spread. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982019/ doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2020.08.056 id: cord-319876-psilbis0 author: Zhu, Jian title: COVID-19 Epidemic: Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Pediatric Isolation Ward date: 2020-07-09 words: 2424.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319876-psilbis0.txt summary: It was found that 55 cases (83.3%) had fever and 48 cases (72.7%) coughed in the isolated area, 31 cases (47%) had a history of exposure, 26 cases (39.4%) had a decrease in lymphocytes (LYM), more than half had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme, 14 cases (21.2%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, 58 cases (87.9%) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT), and 11 cases (16.7%) had sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, for some suspected children with COVID-19, we can make a comprehensive judgment through clinical symptoms, epidemiological history, LYM number, myocardial enzyme spectrum, chest CT, and electrocardiogram; put these children in an isolation ward for treatment; and then transfer them to a general ward for treatment after excluding COVID-19. At present, some of COVID-19 are asymptomatic infection, 10, 11 which suggests that it is not only from the clinical symptoms to judge whether the children should be admitted to the isolation ward. abstract: In order to accurately admit children with COVID-19 to an isolation ward, our study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of children in isolation wards during the COVID-19 epidemic. It was found that 55 cases (83.3%) had fever and 48 cases (72.7%) coughed in the isolated area, 31 cases (47%) had a history of exposure, 26 cases (39.4%) had a decrease in lymphocytes (LYM), more than half had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzyme, 14 cases (21.2%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, 58 cases (87.9%) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT), and 11 cases (16.7%) had sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, for some suspected children with COVID-19, we can make a comprehensive judgment through clinical symptoms, epidemiological history, LYM number, myocardial enzyme spectrum, chest CT, and electrocardiogram; put these children in an isolation ward for treatment; and then transfer them to a general ward for treatment after excluding COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922820941228 doi: 10.1177/0009922820941228 id: cord-327257-doygrgrc author: Zhu, Jocelyn title: Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs date: 2020-07-28 words: 3686.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327257-doygrgrc.txt summary: title: Deep transfer learning artificial intelligence accurately stages COVID-19 lung disease severity on portable chest radiographs This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to stage lung disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on portable chest x-ray (CXR) with radiologist score of disease severity as ground truth. Deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict lung disease severity scores. In conclusion, deep-learning CNN accurately stages disease severity on portable chest x-ray of COVID-19 lung infection. This study tested the hypothesis that deep-learning convolutional neural networks accurately stage disease severity on portable chest x-rays using radiologists'' severity scores as ground truths associated with COVID-19 lung infection. Deep-learning AI, specifically a convolutional neural network, is well suited to extract information from CXR and stage disease severity by training using chest radiologist determination of disease severity scores. In conclusion, deep-learning convolutional neural networks accurately stage lung disease severity on portable chest x-rays associated with COVID-19 lung infection. abstract: This study employed deep-learning convolutional neural networks to stage lung disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on portable chest x-ray (CXR) with radiologist score of disease severity as ground truth. This study consisted of 131 portable CXR from 84 COVID-19 patients (51M 55.1±14.9yo; 29F 60.1±14.3yo; 4 missing information). Three expert chest radiologists scored the left and right lung separately based on the degree of opacity (0–3) and geographic extent (0–4). Deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict lung disease severity scores. Data were split into 80% training and 20% testing datasets. Correlation analysis between AI-predicted versus radiologist scores were analyzed. Comparison was made with traditional and transfer learning. The average opacity score was 2.52 (range: 0–6) with a standard deviation of 0.25 (9.9%) across three readers. The average geographic extent score was 3.42 (range: 0–8) with a standard deviation of 0.57 (16.7%) across three readers. The inter-rater agreement yielded a Fleiss’ Kappa of 0.45 for opacity score and 0.71 for extent score. AI-predicted scores strongly correlated with radiologist scores, with the top model yielding a correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.90 (range: 0.73–0.90 for traditional learning and 0.83–0.90 for transfer learning) and a mean absolute error of 8.5% (ranges: 17.2–21.0% and 8.5%-15.5, respectively). Transfer learning generally performed better. In conclusion, deep-learning CNN accurately stages disease severity on portable chest x-ray of COVID-19 lung infection. This approach may prove useful to stage lung disease severity, prognosticate, and predict treatment response and survival, thereby informing risk management and resource allocation. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236621 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236621 id: cord-312192-hxhohtmj author: Zhu, Lan title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China date: 2020-04-18 words: 3420.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312192-hxhohtmj.txt summary: title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. PATIENT SUMMARY: Immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment. In this study, we enrolled 10 patients with laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 pneumonia from among the renal transplant recipients who had been followed up long term in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Serving as control patients without immunosuppression, the 10 family members with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia had a mean age of 42.3 AE 14.4 yr, which was similar to that of the infected transplant recipients (45.0 AE 14.0 yr, p > 0.05). abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have focused on populations with normal immunity, but lack data on immunocompromised populations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 renal transplant recipients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study. In addition, 10 of their family members diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the control group. INTERVENTION: Immunosuppressant reduction and low-dose methylprednisolone therapy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The clinical outcomes (the severity of pneumonia, recovery rate, time of virus shedding, and length of illness) were compared with the control group by statistical analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The clinical symptomatic, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in the renal transplant recipients were similar to those of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. The severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was greater in the transplant recipients than in the control group (five severe/three critical cases vs one severe case). Five patients developed transient renal allograft damage. After a longer time of virus shedding (28.4 ± 9.3 vs 12.2 ± 4.6 d in the control group) and a longer course of illness (35.3 ± 8.3 vs 18.8 ± 10.5 d in the control group), nine of the 10 transplant patients recovered successfully after treatment. One patient developed acute renal graft failure and died of progressive respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney transplant recipients had more severe COVID-19 pneumonia than the general population, but most of them recovered after a prolonged clinical course and virus shedding. Findings from this small group of cases may have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia in immunosuppressed populations. PATIENT SUMMARY: Immunosuppressed transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection had more severe pneumonia, but most of them still achieved a good prognosis after appropriate treatment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.039 doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.039 id: cord-268112-zk8z8z4i author: Zhu, Linnan title: Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals distinct immune response landscapes of COVID-19 and influenza patients date: 2020-07-19 words: 3252.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268112-zk8z8z4i.txt summary: Genes in the 210 group "Response to type I interferon signaling" were enriched in T, B and NK cell 211 subsets of D1 and D4, but not D16 samples (Figures 3A and S3A 3A and S3A) , which may be due to a higher proportion of plasma cells in B cell 219 clusters because high demand of protein synthesis was required during antibody 220 production. In 263 addition to the XAF1 related apoptosis pathway, expression of genes in other 264 apoptosis-linked pathways, including TNF-and Fas pathways (Elmore, 2007) , was 265 examined in both COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (Figures 3F and S3E) . Taken together, we find that up-regulated genes relevant to 274 the XAF1-, TNF-, and Fas pathways may lead to increased T cell apoptosis in 275 COVID-19 patients. In addition, RUNX3 expression was up-regulated 297 in activated CD4 + T cells of IAV patients compared to the other groups ( Figure 4B) . abstract: SUMMARY COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease that is a current global health threat. However, little is known about its hallmarks compared to other infectious diseases. Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both COVID-19 and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients. We observed increase of plasma cells in both COVID-19 and IAV patients, and XAF1-, TNF- and FAS-induced T cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Further analyses revealed distinct signaling pathways activated in COVID-19 (STAT1 and IRF3) vs. IAV (STAT3 and NFκB) patients and substantial differences in the expression of key factors. These factors include relatively increase of IL6R and IL6ST expression in COVID-19 patients, but similarly increased IL-6 concentrations compared to IAV patients, supporting the clinical observations of increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients. Thus, we provide the landscape of PBMCs and unveil distinct immune response pathways in COVID-19 and IAV patients. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1074761320303162 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009 id: cord-261062-9zhe3ejy author: Zhu, Shu-Ting title: Utility of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound for Clinical Classification of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 words: 2743.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261062-9zhe3ejy.txt summary: In this study, the utility of point-of-care lung ultrasound for the clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was prospectively assessed. Twenty-seven adult patients with COVID-19 underwent bedside lung ultrasonography (LUS) examinations three times within the first two weeks of admission to the isolation ward. Early studies suggested that the irregular pleural line with small subpleural consolidations, white lung, confluents and irregular vertical artifacts (B-lines) are ultrasonic manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia , and LUS scores have been used for the identification of patients with lung involvement and disease severity (Vetrugno et al. According to Spearman correlation test results (Table 2) Then, we divided the LUS scores into three scales (low ≤9; 9150 patients are on the waiting list. To decrease the potential of developing COVID-19 infections among both donor and recipients, patients were admitted 1 week before transplant and categorized into high and low risk based on the risk of COVID exposure (history of travel outside the country; living in a high COVID incidence areas; direct or indirect exposure to COVID-19 positive individuals and clinical symptoms including cough, fever, and fatigue. Between February 1 and April 15, 33 liver transplants including 25 from living donors have been performed without COVID-related complications. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000003348 doi: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003348 id: cord-190407-l9mutkby author: Ziems, Caleb title: Racism is a Virus: Anti-Asian Hate and Counterhate in Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-25 words: 6233.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt txt: ./txt/cord-190407-l9mutkby.txt summary: We create COVID-HATE, the largest dataset of anti-Asian hate and counterhate spanning three months, containing over 30 million tweets, and a social network with over 87 million nodes. Using this data to conduct longitudinal analysis, we find that while hateful users are less engaged in the COVID-19 discussions prior to their first anti-Asian tweet, they become more vocal and engaged afterwards compared to counterhate users. In this paper, we present COVID-HATE, the largest dataset of anti-Asian hate and counterhate speech on Twitter in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with a long-term longitudinal study. • We conduct statistical, linguistic, geographic, and network analysis of hate and counterhate tweets and users to reveal characteristic patterns of the origin, evolution, and spread of anti-Asian hate throughout the world. In this section, we describe COVID-HATE, a Twitter dataset containing COVID-19 related anti-Asian hate and counterhate tweets and network. abstract: The spread of COVID-19 has sparked racism, hate, and xenophobia in social media targeted at Chinese and broader Asian communities. However, little is known about how racial hate spreads during a pandemic and the role of counterhate speech in mitigating the spread. Here we study the evolution and spread of anti-Asian hate speech through the lens of Twitter. We create COVID-HATE, the largest dataset of anti-Asian hate and counterhate spanning three months, containing over 30 million tweets, and a social network with over 87 million nodes. By creating a novel hand-labeled dataset of 2,400 tweets, we train a text classifier to identify hate and counterhate tweets that achieves an average AUROC of 0.852. We identify 891,204 hate and 200,198 counterhate tweets in COVID-HATE. Using this data to conduct longitudinal analysis, we find that while hateful users are less engaged in the COVID-19 discussions prior to their first anti-Asian tweet, they become more vocal and engaged afterwards compared to counterhate users. We find that bots comprise 10.4% of hateful users and are more vocal and hateful compared to non-bot users. Comparing bot accounts, we show that hateful bots are more successful in attracting followers compared to counterhate bots. Analysis of the social network reveals that hateful and counterhate users interact and engage extensively with one another, instead of living in isolated polarized communities. Furthermore, we find that hate is contagious and nodes are highly likely to become hateful after being exposed to hateful content. Importantly, our analysis reveals that counterhate messages can discourage users from turning hateful in the first place. Overall, this work presents a comprehensive overview of anti-Asian hate and counterhate content during a pandemic. The COVID-HATE dataset is available at http://claws.cc.gatech.edu/covid. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.12423v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-330711-y65csypc author: Zimmerer, Karl S. title: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America date: 2020-07-15 words: 2504.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330711-y65csypc.txt summary: title: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening—not weakening—to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America This framework examines the interactive functioning of agrobiodiversity in food and nutrition security together with the influence of food-system governance including markets, distribution and logistics networks, and seed systems. This framework enables us to focus on key links of informal food chains that are particularly disrupted in the COVID-19 crisis and threaten to undermine food and nutrition security as well as agrobiodiversity. Informally sourced, affordable seed accounts for 95% or more of supply in western South America and many regions, being generally critical for food security and agrobiodiversity access globally (Almekinders et al. Seed trade in rural markets: Informal food chains and agrobiodiversity need strengthening-not weakening-to address food security amidst the COVID-19 crisis in South America Implications for crop diversity and agricultural development abstract: The COVID-19 crisis is worsening food insecurity by undermining informal food chains. We focus on impacts involving the informal food chains that incorporate the resilience-enhancing biodiversity of food and agriculture known as agrobiodiversity. Our analysis addresses how informal food chains and agrobiodiversity are impacted by policies and interventions amidst COVID-19 disruptions. Our methodology relies on research in Peru with a focus on the cites and surrounding areas of Lima, Arequipa, Cusco, Huancayo, and Huánuco. We extend these insights to similar challenges and opportunities across western South America and other word regions. We utilize the four-part Agrobiodiversity Knowledge Framework to guide our examination of agrobiodiversity-related processes that interconnect governance, nutrition, agroecology, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results detail three links of informal food chains that are being disrupted and yet can offer resilience. These are food retailing, logistics and transportation, and seed systems. Utilization of the Agrobiodiversity Knowledge Framework cuts through highly complex issues to elaborate key food-security difficulties facing informal systems and how they can be strengthened to provide more resilience. We identify the specific roles of agrobiodiversity in resilience-enhancing processes that need strategic policy and program support. Results identify ways to augment the resilience of informal food chains using agrobiodiversity and the empowerment of social groups and organizations in urban food systems and rural communities. We conclude that the disruptions triggered by the global COVID-19 pandemic highlight the need to use agrobiodiversity as an instrument for resilience in informal food chains. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01088-x doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01088-x id: cord-291371-9wadja0w author: Zimmerman, R. K. title: Proposed Clinical Indicators for Efficient Screening and Testing for COVID-19 Infection from Classification and Regression Trees (CART) Analysis date: 2020-05-14 words: 1444.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291371-9wadja0w.txt summary: Background: The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS CoV2 in the United States resulted in implementation of methods to assess, mitigate and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease based on limited knowledge. Background: The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS CoV2 in the United States resulted in implementation of methods to assess, mitigate and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease based on limited knowledge. Cases significantly more often reported chills, loss of taste/smell, diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting and contact with a COVID-19 case, but less frequently reported shortness of breath and sore throat. CART recursive partitioning, based on presence or absence of symptoms, was used to create a decision tree to correctly classify enrollees into laboratory-confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 cases. Those who tested positive significantly more frequently reported chills, loss of taste/smell, diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting and contact with a COVID-19 case, but less frequently reported shortness of breath and sore throat (Table) . abstract: Background: The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS CoV2 in the United States resulted in implementation of methods to assess, mitigate and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease based on limited knowledge. Screening for testing has been based on symptoms typically observed in inpatients, yet outpatient symptom complexes may differ. Methods: Classification and regression trees (CART) recursive partitioning created a decision tree classifying enrollees into laboratory-confirmed cases and non-cases. Demographic and symptom data from patients ages 18-87 years who were enrolled from March 29-April 26, 2020 were included. Presence or absence of SARSCoV2 was the target variable. Results: Of 736 tested, 55 were positive for SARS-CoV2. Cases significantly more often reported chills, loss of taste/smell, diarrhea, fever, nausea/vomiting and contact with a COVID-19 case, but less frequently reported shortness of breath and sore throat. A 7-terminal node tree with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 53%, and an AUC of 78% was developed. The positive predictive value for this tree was 14% while the negative predictive value was 99%. Almost half (44%) of the participants could be ruled out as likely non-cases without testing. Discussion: Among those referred for testing, negative responses to three questions could classify about half of tested persons with low risk for SARS-CoV2 and would save limited testing resources. These questions are: was the patient in contact with a COVID-19 case? Has the patient experienced 1) a loss of taste or smell; or 2) nausea or vomiting? The outpatient symptoms of COVID-19 appear to be broader than the well-known inpatient syndrome. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.11.20097980v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.11.20097980 id: cord-344400-2gzip67i author: Zimmermann, M. title: They stumble that run fast: the economic and COVID-19 transmission impacts of reopening industries in the US date: 2020-06-12 words: 3101.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344400-2gzip67i.txt summary: . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 doi: medRxiv preprint After summing the four factors of workplace size, human interactions, inability to work from home, and industry size, in both California and Washington, the industries with the highest transmission risk index were (1) accommodation and food services, (2) retail trade, and (3) healthcare and social assistance ( Figure 2 ). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 doi: medRxiv preprint We found that the industry with the highest estimated economic impact due to COVID-19 was manufacturing in 40 states; accommodation and food services in six states (AZ, CO, FL, HI, NV, and NY); healthcare and social assistance in three states (AK, MD, and RI); and wholesale trade and other services (which includes repair and maintenance; personal and laundry services; religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations; and private households) in one state each (NJ and DC, respectively) (Figure 4 , top left). abstract: COVID-19 has laid bare the United States economically and epidemiologically. Decisions must be made as how and when to reopen industries. Here we quantify economic and health risk tradeoffs of reopening by industry for each state in the US. To estimate total economic impact, we summed income loss due to unemployment and profit loss. We assess transmission risk by: (1) workplace size, (2) human interactions, (3) inability to work from home, and (4) industry size. We found that the industry with the highest estimated economic impact from COVID-19 was manufacturing in 40 states; the industry with the largest transmission risk index was accommodation and food services in 41 states, and the industry with the highest economic impact per unit of transmission risk, interpreted as the value of reopening, was manufacturing in 37 states. Researchers and decision makers must work together to consider both health and economics when making tough decisions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128918 id: cord-322102-4fi0y96f author: Zimmermann, Matthias title: Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-04 words: 4690.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322102-4fi0y96f.txt summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the specialty must organize patient treatment in such a way that infection transmission is reduced to a minimum, while all relevant treatment options are at hand to provide adequate patient care. The search items used were "coronavirus disease 19, COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, pandemic, oral surgical procedures, oral and maxillofacial surgery, dental, personal protective equipment, infection prevention and control." The last search was run on 29 March 2020. Healthcare workers who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and have recovered from COVID-19 should continue to follow infection control precautions, including use of the recommended personal protective equipment. Depending on the number of infected patients, there might come a time of risk of a scarcity of medical staff, ventilators, negative pressure rooms, and personal protective equipment. abstract: Oral and maxillofacial surgery is correlated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Therefore, the aim of the review is to collect and discuss aspects of the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to save resources and to avoid unnecessary exposure to infected patients, there is the need to schedule interventions depending on their priority. During the peak of the pandemic, no elective surgery should be performed. Even urgent procedures might be postponed if there is a view to recovery of a COVID-19 patient within a few days. Emergency procedures do not allow any delay. Specialties with overlap in therapies should have well defined arrangements among each other concerning the treatment spectra in order to avoid redundancy and loss of resources. Inpatient and outpatient units have to be organized in such a way that the risk of cross-infection among patients is reduced to a minimum. Especially, testing of patients for SARS-CoV-2 is important to detect the infected patients at an early stage. When surgery is performed on COVID-19 patients, adequate personal protective equipment is crucial. There must be negative pressure in the operating room, and aerosol formation must be reduced to a minimum. In order to address the COVID-19 challenge adequately, significant changes in the infrastructure of outpatient units, inpatient units, and operating rooms are needed. In addition, the demands concerning personal protective equipment increase significantly. The major aim is to protect patients as well as the medical staff from unnecessary infection, and to keep the healthcare system running effectively. Therefore, every effort should be taken to make the necessary investments. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.03.011 doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.03.011 id: cord-236775-tshyi559 author: Zine, Houssine title: Modeling the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco date: 2020-10-08 words: 3400.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt txt: ./txt/cord-236775-tshyi559.txt summary: [3] used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model to estimate the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 transmission based on data obtained for the confirmed cases of the disease in mainland China. In this study, we propose a mathematical model governed by delay differential equations (DDEs) to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Morocco and taking into account multiple preventive measures and strategies implemented by Moroccan authorities, related to the confinement period between March 2 and June 20, 2020, in order to control the spread of disease. On the other hand, the basic reproduction number is an important threshold parameter that determines the spread of infection when the disease is introduced into the population [12] . In this section, we present the forecasts of COVID-19 in Morocco relating with different preventive measures and strategies implemented by Moroccan authorities on the confinement period between March 2 and June 20, 2020. abstract: Nowadays, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great threat to public health and economy worldwide. Unfortunately, there is yet no effective drug for this disease. For this, several countries have adopted multiple preventive interventions to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Here, we propose a delayed mathematical model to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Morocco. Parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis of the proposed model are rigorously studied. Moreover, numerical simulations are presented in order to test the effectiveness of the preventive measures and strategies that were imposed by the Moroccan authorities and also help policy makers and public health administration to develop such strategies. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.04115v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-319007-w3pk3ha1 author: Zingaropoli, Maria Antonella title: Major reduction of NKT cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-11-13 words: 3834.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319007-w3pk3ha1.txt summary: Conclusions: The low percentage of NKT cells in peripheral blood of COVID-19 subjects and the independent association with the severity of the disease suggests a potential role of this subset. The increase of PMN/T ratio and the reduction in the percentages of T cells, CD3+CD8+ cells and NKT cells resulted independently associated to the severity of the disease in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (Table 4) . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that characterized NK populations according to CD56 expression and that investigated NKT cells in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia correlating these subsets to clinical parameters and severity of the disease. (30) , in COVID-19 subjects we observed a significant lower percentage of NKT cells compared to HDs. We reported also the same finding in the severe group compared to the non-severe one. abstract: Background: NK cells seem to be mainly involved in COVID-19 pneumonia. Little is known about NKT cells which represent a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Methods: We characterized peripheral blood T, NK and NKT cells in 45 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (COVID-19 subjects) and 19 healthy donors (HDs). According to the severity of the disease, we stratified COVID-19 subjects into severe and non-severe groups. Results: Compared to HDs, COVID-19 subjects showed higher percentages of NK CD57+ and CD56dim NK cells and lower percentages of NKT and CD56bright cells. In the severe group we found a significantly lower percentage of NKT cells. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, NKT cell was independently associated with the severity of the disease. Conclusions: The low percentage of NKT cells in peripheral blood of COVID-19 subjects and the independent association with the severity of the disease suggests a potential role of this subset. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521661620307907?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108630 id: cord-320100-kyvje05n author: Zingone, Fabiana title: No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy date: 2020-05-15 words: 902.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320100-kyvje05n.txt summary: Although the Veneto region was declared ''red zone'' area since the early days of the outbreak in Italy due to the high number of infections and deaths, our gastroenterology ward at the University Hospital of Padua has continued its activity, primarily because of the high volume of emergencies routinely treated, with patients admitted on a 24 hours daily basis. Indeed, we commonly manage and follow-up patients with different gastrointestinal conditions: severe flares of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for medical and surgical treatment; gastrointestinal bleeding or bilio-pancreatic disorders for interventional endoscopy; end-stage liver disease for stabilization and staging; hepatocellular carcinoma for oncological treatments (i.e. trans-arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation and alcoholization); and oesophageal disorders for motility testing (i.e. achalasia) and endoscopic interventions (i.e. eosinophilic esophagitis, Barrett''s esophagus and cancer). Screening for active COVID-19 infection and immunization status prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients at the time of the pandemic outbreak. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.010 doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.05.010 id: cord-290309-6i82ieim author: Zini, Gina title: Morphological anomalies of circulating blood cells in COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 1011.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290309-6i82ieim.txt summary: In patients with COIVD-19, in the early aggravation phase before treatment, observation of peripheral blood film shows the presence of pronounced morhological anomalies of the granulocyte series. cases, the disease progresses, through subsequent phases, from an upper respiratory tract infection with local and general flu-like symptoms to a viral pneumonia and hyperinflammatory host reaction, which leads to acute respiratory distress and multi-organ failure. After microscope observation of peripheral blood films from the first 40 cases at admission, when antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment was not yet administered, we have noted the presence of marked morphological abnormalities of the neutrophil lineage. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: In patients with COIVD-19, in the early aggravation phase before treatment, observation of peripheral blood film shows the presence of pronounced morhological anomalies of the granulocyte series. One week after the start of treatment, such anomalies subside, and an increasing proportion of reactive lymphocytes dominates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.25824 doi: 10.1002/ajh.25824 id: cord-273567-8fp3a9h8 author: Zipprich, Hannah M. title: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Burden During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-29 words: 5383.0 sentences: 276.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273567-8fp3a9h8.txt summary: Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Since then, local and national governments have taken unprecedented measures in response to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), including quarantining infected individuals and their family members, canceling public transportation, exit controls, travel restrictions, contact restrictions, curfews, school closures, and requiring people to wear mouth and nose masks [4, 5] . The semi-structured questionnaire consisted of 22 questions to assess the patient''s current situation and adherence to the ongoing regulations, with four of these questions examining the patient''s knowledge of preventive measures (questions 4, 5, 6, and 7), three capturing their attitude toward the virus (questions 8, 9, and 16) , and six exploring practices and behavioral changes regarding COVID-19 (questions 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 ). abstract: Background: Adherence to measures that have been adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to control the spread of the coronavirus. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were performed with 99 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 21 controls to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and burden in order to elucidate nonadherence to preventive measures. Results: The majority of patients understood the preventive measures and felt sufficiently informed. Analysis of qualitative answers, however, showed that about 30% of patients had an insufficient level of knowledge, which was not associated with educational level, cognitive disorders, or depression. Changes in behaviour were reported by 73 patients (99% performed at least one specific preventive behavior, and 86.9% have reduced social contacts and stayed home). A closer analysis of qualitative answers showed that 27.3% of patients continued to meet relatives face-to-face almost daily. Anxiety and worries about the current situation were reported by 58.6% of patients; 31.3% complained about a decrease in their mobility since the beginning of the restrictions, mainly because of worsening of PD and because regular therapies (e.g., physiotherapy) were canceled. Conclusions: About 30% of PD patients are nonadherent to preventive measures. Use of simple dichotomous questions overestimates adherence to preventive measures in patients with PD. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32486074/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9061643 id: cord-282528-g1cpd2hg author: Zobairy, H. title: Association of olfactory dysfunction with hospitalization for COVID-19: a multicenter study in Kurdistan date: 2020-07-28 words: 3485.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282528-g1cpd2hg.txt summary: Herein, we report the results of a multicenter study of COVID-19 patients who presented to 13 hospitals across the Kurdistan province of Iran. Herein we report the results of a multicenter center study of OD as a predictor of hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients presenting to the emergency departments of thirteen different hospitals in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Our study results are consistent with the previous studies by Speth et al and Benezit et al who found OD to be associated with more severe 24 In our cohort of patients, those who were hospitalized also had a greater prevalence of all symptoms of COVID-19, not just OD. Amongst patients presenting to emergency departments for COVID-19, patient-reported OD was more prevalent in those needing hospitalization for COVID-19. abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association of olfactory dysfunction (OD) with hospitalization for COVID-19. Study Design: Multi-center cohort study. Setting: Emergency departments of thirteen COVID-19-designed hospitals in Kurdistan province, Iran. Subjects and Methods: Patients presenting with flu-like symptoms who tested positive by RT-PCR for COVID-19 between May 1st and 31st, 2020. At the time of presentation and enrollment, patients were asked about the presence of OD, fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache, rhinorrhea and sore throat. The severity of OD was assessed on an 11-point scale from 0 (none) to 10 (anosmia). Patients were either hospitalized or sent home for outpatient care based on standardized criteria. Results: Of 203 patients, who presented at a mean of 6 days into the COVID-19 disease course, 25 patients (12.3%) had new OD and 138 patients (68.0%) were admitted for their COVID-19. Patients admitted for COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of all symptoms assessed, including OD (p<0.05 in all cases), and OD identified admitted patients with 84.0% sensitivity and 34.3% specificity. On univariate logistic regression, hospitalization was associated with OD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47, 95%CI: 1.085-6.911, p=0.049). However, hospitalization for COVID-19 was not associated with OD (OR=3.22, 95% CI: 0.57-18.31, p=0.188) after controlling for confounding demographics and comorbidities. Conclusion: OD may be associated with hospitalization for (and therefore more severe) COVID-19. However, this association between OD and COVID-19 severity is more likely driven by patient characteristics linked to OD, such as greater numbers of COVID-19 symptoms experienced or high-risk comorbidities. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.26.20158550 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.26.20158550 id: cord-332709-0plblo4k author: Zodda, David title: Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report date: 2020-06-22 words: 2372.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332709-0plblo4k.txt summary: title: Optimizing Non-invasive Oxygenation for COVID-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Acute Respiratory Distress: A Case Report INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in the number of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. With limited resources and ventilators available, emergency physicians working at a hospital within the epicenter of the United States outbreak developed a stepwise, non-invasive oxygenation strategy for treating COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights a stepwise, organized approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation for COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. We present a stepwise approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the ED with hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. Our case report describes a stepwise approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients presenting to the ED with hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in the number of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. With limited resources and ventilators available, emergency physicians working at a hospital within the epicenter of the United States outbreak developed a stepwise, non-invasive oxygenation strategy for treating COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. CASE REPORT: A 72-year-old male suspected of having the COVID-19 virus presented to the ED with shortness of breath. He was found to be severely tachypneic, febrile, with rales in all lung fields. His initial oxygen saturation registered at SpO(2) (blood oxygenation saturation) 55% on room air. Emergency physicians employed a novel non-invasive oxygenation strategy using a nasal cannula, non-rebreather, and self-proning. This approach led to a reversal of the patient’s respiratroy distress and hypoxia (SpO2 88–95%) for the following 24 hours. This non-invasive intervention allowed providers time to obtain and initiate high-flow nasal cannula and discuss end-of-life wishes with the patient and his family. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights a stepwise, organized approach to providing non-invasive oxygenation for COVID-19 patients presenting with severe hypoxia and acute respiratory distress. This approach primarily employs resources and equipment that are readily available to healthcare providers around the world. The intent of this strategy is to provide conventional alternatives to aid in the initial airway management of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.6.48456 doi: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.6.48456 id: cord-285510-qrivd52o author: Zokaeinikoo, M. title: AIDCOV: An Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Model for Detection of COVID-19 from Chest Radiography Images date: 2020-05-25 words: 4638.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285510-qrivd52o.txt summary: We develop a novel hierarchical attention neural network model to classify chest radiography images as belonging to a person with either COVID-19, other infections, or no pneumonia (i.e., normal). This hierarchical structure enables the model to capture the dependency of features extracted from chest images via a pre-trained network (e.g., VGG-16) in both horizontal and vertical directions and helps improve model performance. While the early layers of VGG-16 learn low-level features of the image, our hierarchical attention model learns subtle signs of COVID-19 and other viral/bacterial infections and determines the final classification. The hierarchical attention model had a sensitivity (true positive rate) of 99.3%, a specificity (true negative rate) of 99.98%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.6% for detecting COVID-19 from chest radiography images (Figure 2) . These results suggest that AIDCOV performs well in detecting COVID-19, other viral/bacterial infections, and normal cases based on the chest radiography images. abstract: As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow globally, testing to detect COVID-19 and isolating individuals who test positive remains to be the primary strategy for preventing community spread of the disease. The current gold standard method of testing for COVID-19 is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. The RT-PCR test, however, has an imperfect sensitivity (around 70%), is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is in short supply, particularly in resource-limited countries. Therefore, automatic and accurate detection of COVID-19 using medical imaging modalities such as chest X-ray and Computed Tomography, which are more widely available and accessible, can be beneficial. We develop a novel hierarchical attention neural network model to classify chest radiography images as belonging to a person with either COVID-19, other infections, or no pneumonia (i.e., normal). We refer to this model as Artificial Intelligence for Detection of COVID-19 (AIDCOV). The hierarchical structure in AIDCOV captures the dependency of features and improves model performance while the attention mechanism makes the model interpretable and transparent. Using a publicly available dataset of 5801 chest images, we demonstrate that our model achieves a mean cross-validation accuracy of 97.8%. AIDCOV has a sensitivity of 99.3%, a specificity of 99.98%, and a positive predictive value of 99.6% in detecting COVID-19 from chest radiography images. AIDCOV can be used in conjunction with or instead of RT-PCR testing (where RT-PCR testing is unavailable) to detect and isolate individuals with COVID-19 and prevent onward transmission to the general population and healthcare workers. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20111922v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20111922 id: cord-352288-zr96k6p1 author: Zou, Fengwei title: Cardiac Injury and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-06-23 words: 1571.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352288-zr96k6p1.txt summary: This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the incidence, comorbidities, outcomes and possible mechanisms of acute cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies that evaluated cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a systematic review and 69 meta-analysis of literature to investigate the incidence of cardiac injury, its correlations with co-70 morbidities and outcomes, and its possible mechanisms in the global COVID-19 population. More than a dozen studies have reported 173 incidence of cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ranging from 7% to 44% 2-4, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . Clinical features, 339 laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 340 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of 351 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a link between acute cardiac injury and COVID-19 infection has been observed. There is currently no consensus on the incidence of cardiac injury, its relationship to prognosis, or its possible cause. This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the incidence, comorbidities, outcomes and possible mechanisms of acute cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies that evaluated cardiac injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Demographic information, co-morbidities, and relevant laboratory values were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Sixteen studies from China, Italy and the US with 2224 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of cardiac injury was 24.4% (542/2224 patients) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The all-cause mortality in patients with cardiac injury was 72.6% (OR=17.32, 95% CI 9.21-32.57) compared to those without cardiac injury (14.5%). In subgroup analyses, factors associated with increased risk of developing cardiac injury were older age and history of hypertension (HTN), and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). CONCLUSION: Cardiac injury is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and is significantly associated with mortality. Patients who were older with HTN and COPD were prone to develop cardiac injury. Early screening, triage and cardiac monitoring are recommended for these patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838255/ doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.06.010 id: cord-275277-q0eghbna author: Zou, Huachun title: How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 1944.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275277-q0eghbna.txt summary: In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for surveillance and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown causes (PUC). In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for detecting and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown cause (PUC). Once SARS-CoV2 had been identified as the cause of these cases of PUC, the Shenzhen CDC laboratory coordinated with national healthcare authorities to obtain approval to conduct confirmatory testing locally and directed the city''s 39 influenza surveillance network laboratories to convert their existing infrastructure to test for SARS-CoV2. Ten working groups were formed (epidemic monitoring, laboratory and diagnostics, sanitization, logistics, information dissemination, medical observation, risk assessment, biosafety management, scientific research, and command and control), and 720 public health personnel were mobilized to conduct case finding and contact tracing for each new confirmed case of COVID-19. abstract: Shenzhen is a city of 22 million people in south China that serves as a financial and trade center for East Asia. The city has extensive ties to Hubei Province, the first reported epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the world. Initial predictions suggested Shenzhen would experience a high number of COVID-19 cases. These predictions have not materialized. As of 31 March 2020 Shenzhen had only 451 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Contact tracing has shown that no cases were the result of community transmission within the city. While Shenzhen did not implement a citywide lockdown like Wuhan, it did put into place a rapid response system first developed after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for surveillance and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown causes (PUC). The network rapidly detected mass discussion about PUC and immediately deployed emergency preparedness, quarantine for close contacts of PUC. Five early actions (early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment) and four centralized responses (centralized coordination by experts, centralized allocation of resources, centralized placement of patients, and centralized provision of treatment) ensured effective prevention and control. Tripartite working teams comprising community cadres, medical personnel and police were formulated to conduct contact tracing at each neighborhood and residential community. Incorporation of mobile technology, big data, and artificial intelligence into COVID-19 response increased accessibility to health services, reduced misinformation and minimized the impact of fake news. Shenzhen’s unique experience in successfully controlling the COVID-19 outbreak may be a useful model for countries and regions currently experiencing rapid spread of the virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32650840/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00714-2 id: cord-297552-n4uvsi3v author: Zou, Li title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China date: 2020-08-13 words: 3435.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297552-n4uvsi3v.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Disease Severity and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, to compare the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe cases, and to describe the potential risk factors for disease deterioration and death. We collected data including demographic information (age, gender, and address of usual residence), clinical characteristics (including medical history, comorbidities, symptoms, and signs), initial laboratory findings (hematologic, blood biochemicals, coagulation function, infection-related, and immune-related indices), and clinical outcomes (survival and death). abstract: Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19, and explore the risk factors of deterioration and death of the disease. Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data from 121 COVID-19 cases confirmed by RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2019, to March 23, 2020, and conducted statistical analysis. Results: A total of 121 patients were included in our study, the median age was 65 years (IQR, 55.0–71.5 years), and 54.5% cases were men. Among those cases, 52 (43.0%) cases progressed to severe, and 14 (11.6%) died. Overall, the most common manifestations were fever (78.5%) and respiratory symptoms (77.7%), while neurological symptoms were found in only 9.9% of the patients. 70.2% of all the cases had comorbidities, including hypertension (40.5%) and diabetes (20.7%). On admission, cases usually show elevated levels of neutrophils (27.3%), D-dimer (72.6%), Interleukin-6 (35.2%), Interleukin-10 (64.4%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (82.6%), and lactate dehydrogenase (62.0%), and decreased levels of lymphocytes (66.9%), CD3 cells (67.2%), and CD4 cells (63.0%). The proportional hazard Cox models showed that the risk factors for severity progression and death included comorbidities (HR: 4.53, 95% CI: 1.78–11.55 and HR: 7.81, 95% CI: 1.02–59.86), leukocytosis (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05–1.22 and HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10–1.42), neutrophilia (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13 and HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46, and elevated LDH (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.15 and HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10–1.12). Elevated D-dimer (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03), IL-6 (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02) and IL-10 levels (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07) were also risk factors for the progression of disease severity. Meanwhile, lymphopenia and wake immune responses [e.g., lower CD3, CD4, or CD19 counts (all HR < 1)] were associated with disease deterioration and death. Conclusions: Severe cases and death of COVID-19 are associated with older age, comorbidities, organ dysfunction, lymphopenia, high cytokines, and weak immune responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903644/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00532 id: cord-273036-nrc35akc author: Zou, Xiaojing title: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 words: 3677.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt summary: We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score are commonly used to assess disease severity and estimate hospital mortality in general critical illnesses (7, 8) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths in China. We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort. SETTING: Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. SUBJECTS: Confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized in the ICU of Tongji hospital from January 10, 2020, to February 10, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 178 potentially eligible patients with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, 23 patients (12.92%) were diagnosed as suspected cases, and one patient (0.56%) suffered from cardiac arrest immediately after admission. Ultimately, 154 patients were enrolled in the analysis and 52 patients (33.77%) died. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.23 ± 6.05) was much higher in deaths compared with the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 10.87 ± 4.40 in survivors (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13). In predicting hospital mortality, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score demonstrated better discriminative ability (area under the curve, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.942–0.990) than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (area under the curve, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.808–0.926) and CURB65 score (area under the curve, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.784–0.905). Based on the cut-off value of 17, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score could predict the death of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with a sensitivity of 96.15% and a specificity of 86.27%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survivor probability of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score less than 17 was notably higher than that of patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 serves as an early warning indicator of death and may provide guidance to make further clinical decisions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371611/ doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004411 id: cord-337958-472xu87g author: Zuberi, Maaz K. title: SHOULD I BE CONCERNED? SURGICAL TRAINING IN THE TIME OF COVID19 date: 2020-10-15 words: 2993.0 sentences: 142.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337958-472xu87g.txt summary: 1, 2 In light of the expected decline in case volumes for the residents, the American Board of Surgery (ABS) has responded by changing its graduation requirements for the current academic year; it has reduced required annual work weeks to 44 from 48 and slashed required surgical cases by 10%. Even though there is a looming fear of contracting the disease, junior residents share a feeling of achievement in being able to support our medical colleagues during these tough times, and we believe that this crucial experience will not only help improve our ventilator management skills but also enable us to better understand the critically ill patient. Understandably, most ER and medical residencies have reduced their resident exposure by only having attendings manage COVID positive patients, however this structure is not always possible for general surgery programs. abstract: As the US healthcare system restructured to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, medical training was significantly disrupted. During the peak of the crisis, three surgical trainees in different stages of their residency shared their experiences and concerns on how this pandemic affected their training. The article is intended to generate discussion on the concerns of derailment and stagnation of surgical training and difficulties faced at all levels of surgical training to perform clinical duties and fulfill academic responsibilities during the early months of the COVID pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1931720420303834 doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.10.006 id: cord-035095-wo5fq359 author: Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo title: Pneumolysis and “Silent Hypoxemia” in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 words: 2404.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035095-wo5fq359.txt summary: We compare medical and physiological high altitude acute and chronic hypoxia experience with COVID-19 hypoxemia. At high altitude, normal low oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) levels (with intact lung tissue and adequate acid–base status) could be considered silent hypoxemia. Fifty years of experience treating patients at high altitude are useful in explaining the critical hypoxia encountered in COVID-19, causing countless deaths. Conversely, unlike pneumonia, CoV-2 induces rapid lung inflammation and alveolar-capillary destruction [6, 7] as described in a recently submitted paper: ''''COVID-19 simulating extreme high-altitude exposure with altered oxygen transport physiology, multiple diseases, and scarce need of ventilators: Andean Condor'' s-eye-view''''. Superimposed edema, inflammatory, and immune reaction with pulmonary shunts in COVID-19 with a low hemoglobin count [9] , can aggravate hypoxemia. At sea level, post-COVID-19 patients with resulting lung fibrosis could also develop sea level poly-erythrocythemia (higher than normal hemoglobin values) [15] and reduced tolerance to exercise. abstract: COVID-19 can evolve to a severe lung compromise with life-threatening hypoxemia. The mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Their understanding is crucial to improve the outcomes. Initially, past-experience lead to the implementation of standardized protocols assuming this disease would be the same as SARS-CoV. Impulsive use of ventilators in extreme cases ended up in up to 88% fatality. We compare medical and physiological high altitude acute and chronic hypoxia experience with COVID-19 hypoxemia. A pathophysiological analysis is performed based on literature review and histopathological findings. Application of the Tolerance to Hypoxia formula = Hemoglobin/PaCO(2) + 3.01 to COVID-19, enlightens its critical hypoxemia. Pneumolysis is defined as progressive alveolar-capillary destruction resulting from the CoV-2 attack to pneumocytes. The adequate interpretation of the histopathological lung biopsy photomicrographs reveals these alterations. The three theoretical pathophysiological stages of progressive hypoxemia (silent hypoxemia, gasping, and death zone) are described. At high altitude, normal low oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) levels (with intact lung tissue and adequate acid–base status) could be considered silent hypoxemia. At sea level, in COVID-19, the silent hypoxemia starting at SpO(2) ≤ 90% (comparable to a normal SPO(2) {88–92%} at 3500 m) suddenly evolves to critical hypoxemia. This, as a consequence of progressive pneumolysis + inflammation + overexpressed immunity + HAPE-type edema resulting in pulmonary shunting. The proposed treatment is based on the improvement of the Tolerance to Hypoxia (Hemoglobin factor), oxygen therapy, inflammation reduction, antibiotics, antitussives, rehydration & anticoagulation if required. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 may assist in this disease's management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7652053/ doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00935-0 id: cord-327836-6o66a4i5 author: Zuily, S title: Thrombose artérielle et veineuse au cours du COVID-19 date: 2020-08-07 words: 2180.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327836-6o66a4i5.txt summary: Wahl Université de Lorraine, Inserm, DCAC et CHRU de Nancy, Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Centre de Compétences Régional Maladies Rares Vasculaires, Institut Lorrain Louis Mathieu, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France s.zuily@chru-nancy.fr Dès le début du mois de mars 2020, la problématique de la thrombose veineuse au cours COVID-19 s''est rapidement imposée comme un défi médical majeur puisqu''un taux significatif de patients thrombosaient dont certains malgré une anticoagulation préventive bien conduite. Il est important de noter que jusqu''à un tiers de ces ETEV sont diagnostiqués à l''admission et que les patients admis en réanimation avec une embolie pulmonaire (EP) ont cinq fois plus de chance de mourir que ceux n''ayant pas de thrombose [8] . De la même manière que pour les SCA, l''incidence des nouveaux cas a chuté et l''absence de données scientifiques incite à adopter les mêmes attitudes médicamenteuses qu''avec les patients sans COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amcp.2020.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.amcp.2020.08.003 id: cord-271957-osaycpe8 author: Zuin, Marco title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 words: 1196.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt summary: title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Also other recent investigations have reported a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a direct association between the severity of COVID-19 infection [2] . However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous meta-analyses have globally estimated the risk of death in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection. We therefore perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of death in COVID-19 infection patients with and without HT. The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Supplementary file 1) [3] . Our brief meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 infection and HT have a significant high mortality risk. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and metaanalysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283158/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.059 id: cord-292988-q1yz9y8k author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy - achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies date: 2020-05-17 words: 3157.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292988-q1yz9y8k.txt summary: title: Reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with severe COVID-19 disease by advancing ongoing trials of Mesenchymal Stromal (stem) Cell (MSC) therapy achieving global consensus and visibility for cellular host-directed therapies We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. It appears that all three lethal zoonotic coronaviruses, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CV-2 seem to induce excessive and aberrant host immune responses which are associated with severe lung pathology leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Li G et al, 2020; Li G et al, 2020) . abstract: Abstract As of May 11th 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused 274,361 deaths out of 3,917,366 (7% case fatality rate). As with the two other novel coronavirus zoonotic diseases of humans, SARS and MERS, no specific treatments for reducing mortality or morbidity are yet available. Deaths from COVID-19 will continue to rise globally until effective and appropriate treatments and vaccines are found. With no specific treatments being available for treating COVID-19 patients, the global medical, scientific, pharma and funding communities have rapidly initiated over 500 COVID-19 clinical on a range of antiviral drug regimens, biologics, repurposed drugs in various combinations. We focus this editorial specifically on the background to, and the rationale for, the use and evaluation of mesenchymal stromal (Stem) cells (MSCs) in treatment trials of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. This is an area which has been eclipsed by the current emphasis the huge number of trials evaluating new anti-viral drugs, repurposed drugs and combinations thereof. MSCs should also be trialed for treatment of severe cases of MERS where mortality rates are upto 34% and MERS-CoV remains a WHO priority Blueprint pathogen. It’s about time funding agencies now invest more into development MSCs per se and other host-directed therapies in combination with other therapeutic interventions. MSC therapy could turn out to be an important contribution to bringing an end to the high COVID-19 and MERS death rates. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.040 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.040 id: cord-320646-xk77u4g0 author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: The explosive epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the persistent threat of respiratory tract infectious diseases to global health security date: 2020-04-09 words: 2396.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320646-xk77u4g0.txt summary: The emergence of new pathogens that cause lethal human respiratory illnesses with pandemic potential [2, 3] pose major challenges and rapidly focus the attention of global public health authorities and HCWs. Two zoonotic coronaviruses which cause lethal respiratory tract infections in humans feature on the WHO Blueprint list of priority pathogens for research and development [4] because of their pandemic potential. The World Health Organization International Health Regulations Emergency Committee declared COVID-19 outbreak a Global emergency [11] because SARS-CoV has spread rapidly within and outside China at an alarming pace and has caused considerable consternation and panic among the national, regional, and international public and political communities compounded by news media and social media hype [12] . Although the world awaits the development and evaluation of new vaccines, anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs, antibody, and/or other host-directed interventions [32, 33] , public health infection control measures remain of prime importance in limiting human-to-human transmission, especially among close contacts and HCWs, and minimizing risk of international spread by identifying and isolating patients early. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132379/ doi: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000676 id: cord-344135-pyibu6rj author: Zuo, Peiyuan title: Decreased prealbumin level is associated with increased risk of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-03 words: 3728.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344135-pyibu6rj.txt summary: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the correlation between prealbumin and in-hospital outcomes (in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) in elderly COVID-19 patients. There was a linear trend correlation between serum prealbumin concentration and risk of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. Moreover, stratified by gender, age, hypertension and diabetes, increased level of serum prealbumin was associated with the decreased risk of all-cause death, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, which determine the consistency of the relationship between lowest serum prealbumin tertile and the increased risk of worse outcomes in elderly COVID-19 patients. Low prealbumin concentration was associated with increased risk of worse outcomes (all-cause death, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) in elderly COVID-19 patients abstract: Objective: Severe patients tended to have lower serum prealbumin concentration in patients with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19). This study was performed to investigate the association of prealbumin at baseline on COVID19-related mortality in elderly patients. Methods: We non-selectively and consecutively collected participants in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 17 to February 17, 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the correlation between prealbumin and in-hospital outcomes (in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) in elderly COVID-19 patients. Linear trend was performed by entering the median value of each category of prealbumin tertile as continuous variable and was visually confirmed by using generalized additive models. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted as well. Results: A total of 446 COVID-19 elderly patients were included in the final analyses and the in-hospital mortality was 14.79%. 15.47% patients admitted to intensive care unit and 21.3% patients required mechanical ventilation. Compared with patients in the highest tertile, the prealbumin of patients in the lowest tertile had a 19.09-fold higher risk of death (OR = 20.09; 95% CI, 3.62 to 111.64; P = 0.0006), 25.39-fold higher risk of ICU admission (OR = 26.39; 95% CI, 4.04to 172.39; P = 0.0006) and 1.8-fold higher risk of mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.15 to 6.78; P = 0.0227) after adjustment for potential confounders. There was a linear trend correlation between serum prealbumin concentration and risk of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation in elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Prealbumin is an independent risk factor of the in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 elderly patients. Assessment of prealbumin may help identify high risk elderly individuals with COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900720302136?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110930 id: cord-293922-knzv4jvj author: Zuo, Y. title: Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-02 words: 3049.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293922-knzv4jvj.txt summary: Results: We found markedly elevated levels of tPA and PAI-1 among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusion: While both tPA and PAI-1 are elevated among COVID-19 patients, extremely high levels of tPA enhance spontaneous fibrinolysis and are significantly associated with mortality in some patients. These data indicate that fibrinolytic homeostasis in COVID-19 is complex with a subset of patients expressing a balance of factors that may favor fibrinolysis and suggests that further study of tPA as a potential biomarker is warranted. Utilizing established Luminex platforms, we measured total PAI-1 and tPA levels in the plasma of 118 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and 30 healthy controls. Elevated PAI-1 and its associated hypofibrinolytic state were observed in the 2002 SARS-CoV epidemic [22] , while recent characterizations of COVID-19 patients have suggested impaired global fibrinolysis [16, 23] . Interestingly, in our large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we observed elevated levels of not only PAI-1, but also tPA. abstract: Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions, while lung histopathology often reveals fibrin-based occlusion of small vessels in patients who succumb to the disease. At the same time, bleeding complications have been observed in some patients. Better understanding the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis will help inform optimal approaches to thrombosis prophylaxis and potential utility of fibrinolytic-targeted therapies. Objective: To evaluate fibrinolysis among a large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients and methods: 118 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. We measured plasma antigen levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and performed spontaneous clot lysis assays. Results: We found markedly elevated levels of tPA and PAI-1 among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Both factors demonstrated a strong correlation with neutrophil counts and markers of neutrophil activation, but not with D-dimer. High levels of tPA and PAI-1 were associated with worse respiratory status. High levels of tPA, in particular, were also strongly correlated with mortality and with a significant enhancement in spontaneous ex vivo clot lysis. Conclusion: While both tPA and PAI-1 are elevated among COVID-19 patients, extremely high levels of tPA enhance spontaneous fibrinolysis and are significantly associated with mortality in some patients. These data indicate that fibrinolytic homeostasis in COVID-19 is complex with a subset of patients expressing a balance of factors that may favor fibrinolysis and suggests that further study of tPA as a potential biomarker is warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32909005/ doi: 10.1101/2020.08.29.20184358 id: cord-338633-pxxon1ni author: Zuo, Yu title: Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19 date: 2020-11-05 words: 2782.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338633-pxxon1ni.txt summary: We found that remnants of NETs (cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, and citrullinated histone H3) and neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in patient sera were associated with higher risk of morbid thrombotic events in spite of prophylactic anticoagulation. Neutrophil-derived extracellular traps (NETs) play a pathogenic role in many thrombo-inflammatory states including sepsis [4, 5] , thrombosis [6] [7] [8] , and respiratory failure [9, 10] . Here, we describe 11 cases of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and demonstrate an association with neutrophil hyperactivity and NET release. As compared with the control group, patients with a thrombotic event demonstrated significantly higher levels of calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation (Fig. 1a) . Finally, we asked whether there was an association between blood markers of neutrophil activation (such as calprotectin and cell-free DNA) and D-dimer within this cohort of COVID-19 patients (n = 44). abstract: Studies of patients with COVID-19 have demonstrated markedly dysregulated coagulation and a high risk of morbid arterial and venous thrombotic events. Elevated levels of blood neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been described in patients with COVID-19. However, their potential role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis remains incompletely understood. In order to elucidate the potential role of hyperactive neutrophils and NET release in COVID-19-associated thrombosis, we conducted a case–control study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who developed thrombosis, as compared with gender- and age-matched COVID-19 patients without clinical thrombosis. We found that remnants of NETs (cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, and citrullinated histone H3) and neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in patient sera were associated with higher risk of morbid thrombotic events in spite of prophylactic anticoagulation. These observations underscore the need for urgent investigation into the potential relationship between NETs and unrelenting thrombosis in COVID-19, as well as novel approaches for thrombosis prevention. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11239-020-02324-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02324-z doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02324-z id: cord-301857-56pot8f6 author: Zvizdic, Zlatan title: Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? date: 2020-08-21 words: 848.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301857-56pot8f6.txt summary: title: Decreased number of acute appendicitis cases in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Any link? Non-emergent surgical procedures and outpatient departments/units have been suspended in many countries, particularly in heavily affected regions, so all the hospital resources are readily available for COVID-19 patients [2] . Some authors have adopted conservative treatment approaches for COVID-19 positive patients having surgical emergencies such as acute appendicitis (AA), particularly for non-complicated forms [7, 8] reported that 45.5% of children with AA underwent non-operative treatment in one of the COVID-19 epicenters (New York) [11] . Perspectives on Pediatric Appendicitis and Appendectomy During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic Antibiotics alone as an alternative to appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in adults: Changes in treatment modalities related to the COVID-19 health crisis Non-operative management of acute appendicitis in a pediatric patient with concomitant COVID-19 infection Successful Conservative Management of Acute Appendicitis in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patient abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022346820305947?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.08.016 id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 author: Zvolensky, Michael J. title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: 15836.0 sentences: 701.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt summary: Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden). abstract: • The public health impact of COVID-19 on psychological symptoms and disorders, addiction, and health behavior is substantial and ongoing. • An integrative COVID-19 stress-based model could be used to guide research focused on the stress-related burden of the pandemic. • This work could provide a theoretical and empirical knowledge base for future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 id: cord-331815-518wljiy author: amram, o. title: Data-Driven Development of a Small-Area COVID-19 Vulnerability Index for the United States date: 2020-08-18 words: 3316.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331815-518wljiy.txt summary: 2, 6, 7 Notably, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx individuals are more likely to be essential workers, live in confined housing conditions, and lack adequate healthcare access, however the degree to which these and other factors potentiated by systemic racism may contribute to higher infection risk is not fully known. 17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint In this study, we assessed socio-demographic and economic predictors of COVID-19 infection risk at the U.S. ZIP-code level, based on sampling of publicly-available data. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint According to INLA models, higher population density, higher percentage of noninsured, nonwhite race and Hispanic ethnicity were positively associated with COVID-19 diagnosis rates (Table 2) . In this study, we develop the first data-driven national COVID-19 risk index at the zip-code level, identifying several significant independent risk factors to infection, including race, ethnicity, insurance status, and population density. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 doi: medRxiv preprint housing conditions, be employed as essential workers, and lack health insurance, however race remained an independent predictor of infection after controlling for these factors. abstract: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to surge in the United States, it has become clear that infection risk is higher in certain populations, particularly socially and economically marginalized groups. Social risk factors, together with other demographic and community characteristics, may reveal local variations and inequities in COVID risk that could be useful for targeting testing and interventions. Yet to date, rates of infection and estimations of COVID risk are typically reported at the county and state level. In this study we develop a small area vulnerability index based on publicly-available sociodemographic data and 668,428 COVID diagnoses reported in 4,803 ZIP codes in the United States (15% of all ZIP codes). The outcome was COVID-19 diagnosis rates per 100,000 people by ZIP code. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic characteristics obtained from the 2018 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Bayesian multivariable techniques were used to capture complexities of spatial data and spatial autocorrelation and identify individual risk factors and derive their respective weights in the index. COVID-19 diagnosis rates varied from zero to 29,508 per 100,000 people. The final vulnerability index showed that higher population density, higher percentage of noninsured, nonwhite race and Hispanic ethnicity were positively associated with COVID-19 diagnosis rates. Our findings indicate disproportionate risk of COVID-19 infection among some populations and validate and expand understanding of these inequities, integrating several risk factors into a summary index reflecting composite vulnerability to infection. This index can provide local public health and other agencies with evidence-based metrics of COVID risk at a geographical scale that has not been previously available to most US communities. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.17.20176248v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.17.20176248 id: cord-342566-ym81lce9 author: barasa, s. title: The major predictors of testing positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic hospitalized patients date: 2020-09-13 words: 3220.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342566-ym81lce9.txt summary: 7, 8 However, these published studies did not compare the prevalence of lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality among COVID-19 positive and negative patients presenting with cough, dyspnea and or fever in the hospital. Our study sought to determine whether lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality in association with cough, dyspnea, fever or weakness increased the risk of testing positive for COVID-19. Our study hypothesized that COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to have lymphopenia and or bilateral chest image abnormality in association with cough, fever, dyspnea or weakness compared to COVID-19 negative patients. The Generalized Poisson regression analysis was used to determine whether COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to have bilateral chest image abnormality, lymphopenia, cough, fever, dyspnea or weakness adjusting for non-COVID-19 respiratory viral illness, history of smoking, asthma, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, SLE, COPD, CHF, hypertension and BMI. abstract: The major predictors of testing positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic hospitalized patients Samson Barasa,1 Amy Ballard,1 Josephine Kiage-Mokaya, 1 Michael Friedlander,1 Geraldine Luna,2 1PeaceHealth Sacred Heart 2University of Illinois at Chicago Introduction: Increasing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pre-test probability can minimize testing patients who are less likely to have COVID-19 and therefore reducing personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing kit use. The aim of this study was to identify patients who were likely to test positive for COVID-19 among symptomatic patients suspected of having COVID-19 during hospitalization by comparing COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Method: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who were [≥]18 years old and underwent COVID-19 Polymerase chain reaction test because they presented with symptoms thought to be due to COVID-19. A Poisson regression analysis was conducted after clinical presentation, demographic, medical co-morbidities, laboratory and chest image data was retrieved from the medical records. Results: Charts of 277 and 18 COVID-19 negative and positive patients respectively were analyzed. Dyspnea (61%) was the most common symptom among COVID-19 negative patients, while 72% and 61% COVID-19 positive patients had cough and fever respectively. COVID-19 positive patients were more likely to present initially with cough [1.082 (1.022 - 1.145)], fever [1.066 (1.014 - 1.121)] and be 50 to 69 years old [1.094 (1.021 - 1.172)]. Dyspnea, weakness, lymphopenia and bilateral chest image abnormality were not associated with COVID-19 positivity. COVID-19 positive patients were less likely to have non-COVID-19 respiratory viral illness [1.068 (1.019 - 1.119)], human immunodeficiency virus [0.849 (0.765 - 0.943)] and heart failure history [0.093 (0.891 - 0.978)]. Other chronic medical problems (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease) were not associated with testing positive for COVID-19. Conclusion: Cough, fever and being 50 to 69 years old are better predictors of symptomatic COVID-19 positivity during hospitalization. Despite published studies reporting a high prevalence of lymphopenia among COVID-19 positive patients, lymphopenia is not associated with the risk of testing positive for COVID-19. Key Words: COVID-19, Predictors, Symptomatic, Hospitalized url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.20192963 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.11.20192963 id: cord-284220-55mckelv author: batista, m. title: Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World date: 2020-09-02 words: 2207.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284220-55mckelv.txt summary: title: Estimation of a state of Corona 19 epidemic in August 2020 by multistage logistic model: a case of EU, USA, and World The article provides an estimate of the size and duration of the Covid-19 epidemic in August 2020 for the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and the World using a multistage logistical epidemiological model. The second is that at the beginning of the outbreak or at a new wave, the parameters of the models are not known (Keeling & Rohani, 2008) , or better they depend on the course of the epidemic. In the graph in Figure 4 , we can see that the trend in predicting the size of the epidemic and its duration was linear, then began to rise sharply at the end of June and reached its peak in mid-June with an estimate of 10 million final infections. abstract: The article provides an estimate of the size and duration of the Covid-19 epidemic in August 2020 for the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and the World using a multistage logistical epidemiological model. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20185165 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.31.20185165 id: cord-265589-mn2wr79n author: buonsenso, d. title: Management of malaria in children under 5-years-old during COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone: a lesson learned? date: 2020-11-05 words: 2552.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265589-mn2wr79n.txt summary: Therefore, we performed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on Malaria programs in a peripheral region of Sierra Leone, previously involved by the Ebola outbreak in 2015, when malaria care have been impaired since local health systems were overwhelmed by Ebola cases. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20225714 doi: medRxiv preprint the routine immunization activities to infants aged 10 weeks to 9 months nationwide free distribution of ITNs given to every household in May 2020, while this campaign has been interrupted during the previous Ebola outbreak systematic malaria diagnostics as part of fever management and measures for early detection and treatment of malaria, including presumptive malaria treatment -Implementation of community-based health workers for social engagement and monitoring of peripheries -Continuation of malaria drug and test supply This experience in a local health center previously involved by the EVD shows how a pro-active approach is necessary in order to keep appropriate care for major killers in Africa, performing proactive screening not only to diagnose COVID-19 but also Malaria. abstract: Growing evidences are showing the potential indirect effects of COVID-19 on the health systems of low-resource settings, where diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV and Malaria represent major killers. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on Malaria programs in a peripheral region of Sierra Leone, previously involved by the Ebola outbreak in 2015, when malaria care have been impaired since local health systems were overwhelmed by Ebola cases. During COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, we did not notice a drop in malaria diagnosis in children, suggesting that a proactive approach in the management of malaria in endemic countries during COVID-19 may have had a positive impact. A comprehensive approach that include also educational activities to sensitize the local population, was useful to guarantee successful malaria diagnosis and treatment, and prevents excess of malaria deaths due to potential disruption of the local health systems related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.04.20225714v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.04.20225714 id: cord-313785-8tipkksu author: d''Ettorre, Gabriella title: Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: 3786.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313785-8tipkksu.txt summary: The patients evaluated in this study were hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto Abbreviations: ABX, antibiotics; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALT, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavIrus disease 19; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FDR, False Discovery Rate; GLA, gut lung axis; Hb, hemoglobin; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; IRQ, interquartile range; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2; OB-, oral bacteriotherapy not administered group; OB+, oral bacteriotherapy administered group; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCFA, short chain fatty acids; TCZ, Tocilizumab. The observed partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2 ), the fraction of inspired oxygen FiO 2 , the disappearance of symptoms associated to COVID-19, adverse events, and the number of patients transferred to ICU were collected at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days from the start of oral bacteriotherapy and hospitalization for all the patients independently from the treatments. abstract: Background: Gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to impact on host microbial flora and gut inflammation, infecting intestinal epithelial cells. Since there are currently no coded therapies or guidelines for treatment of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the possible role of a specific oral bacteriotherapy as complementary therapeutic strategy to avoid the progression of COVID-19. Methods: We provide a report of 70 patients positive for COVID-19, hospitalized between March 9th and April 4th, 2020. All the patients had fever, required non-invasive oxygen therapy and presented a CT lung involvement on imaging more than 50%. Forty-two patients received hydroxychloroquine, antibiotics, and tocilizumab, alone or in combination. A second group of 28 subjects received the same therapy added with oral bacteriotherapy, using a multistrain formulation. Results: The two cohorts of patients were comparable for age, sex, laboratory values, concomitant pathologies, and the modality of oxygen support. Within 72 h, nearly all patients treated with bacteriotherapy showed remission of diarrhea and other symptoms as compared to less than half of the not supplemented group. The estimated risk of developing respiratory failure was eight-fold lower in patients receiving oral bacteriotherapy. Both the prevalence of patients transferred to ICU and mortality were higher among the patients not treated with oral bacteriotherapy. Conclusions: A specific bacterial formulation showed a significant ameliorating impact on the clinical conditions of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results also stress the importance of the gut-lung axis in controlling the COVID-19 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32733907/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00389 id: cord-306858-8ypafd3h author: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title: Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-07 words: 3214.0 sentences: 174.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306858-8ypafd3h.txt summary: title: Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: A systematic review with meta-analysis RESULTS: Health professionals working to fight COVID-19 are being more severely affected by psychiatric disorders associated with depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia, stress, and indirect traumatization than other occupational groups. In the face of long work shifts (that reach 16 hours per day on average), the risk of getting infected by a high-infectious disease and the lack of enough biological protection measures, mental suffering among health professionals suddenly became evident and, as a consequence, it brought sleep, anxiety, and depression disorders. (2020) present higher statistically significant risks of a psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health professionals are key personnel to containing infectious diseases like COVID-19. In the face of long work shifts (that reach 16 h per day on average), the risk of getting infected by a high-infectious disease and the lack of enough biological protection measures, mental suffering among health professionals suddenly became evident. METHOD: We carried out an updated meta-analysis to investigate the psychiatric impacts on health professionals in the face of the physical and psychological conditions to which they are subjected due to the high demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. Papers were researched in four databases from December 2019 to April 2020. In total, eight papers were included in the study. RESULTS: Health professionals working to fight COVID-19 are being more severely affected by psychiatric disorders associated with depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia, stress, and indirect traumatization than other occupational groups. No significant differences were observed in the publication bias. CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between health professionals and COVID-19 in terms of psychiatric repercussions. Our meta-analysis showed that health professionals have a higher level of indirect traumatization, in which the level of damage exceeds psychological and emotional tolerance and indirectly results in psychological abnormalities. The incidence of obsessive-compulsive traces and somatizations was higher in situations involving front-line professionals. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584620303730?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110057 id: cord-327232-oavox35v author: da Silva, Flaviane Cristine Troglio title: Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis date: 2020-08-06 words: 2145.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327232-oavox35v.txt summary: title: Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: A systematic review with meta-analysis This study aimed at analyzing the main psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals. The studies concluded this review process and in the event the researchers'' decision was included, they would be assigned a table with the following extracted information: Author and Year, Sample, Country, Collection Instrument (Questionnaire) and main conclusion in the order they were found in the databases. The levels of depression and anxiety shown by health professionals was significantly higher during the outbreak (Xu et al., 2020) mainly due to stress, insomnia, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f fear of the disease and infectiousness (Lu et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020b) . During the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders, which were higher compared to other periods. abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological suffering by health professionals may be associated with the uncertainty of a safe workplace. Front-line professionals exposed and involved in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients are more susceptible. METHOD: This review was conducted based on papers that were published at MEDLINE, BMJ, PsycINFO, and LILACS, the according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). RESULTS: Health professionals had a higher level of anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01, OR = 1.6152; 95%CI 1.3283 to 1.9641; p < 0.0001) and depression 12.2 vs. 9.5%; p = 0.04; OR = 1.3246; 95%CI 1.0930 to 1.6053; p = 0.0042), besides somatizations and insomnia compared to professionals from other areas. CONCLUSION: Health professionals, regardless of their age, showed significant levels of mental disorders. We observed a prevalence of anxiety and depression. Insomnia was a risk factor for both. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027858462030378X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110062 id: cord-268561-vq1uhj5i author: da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro title: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19 date: 2020-08-04 words: 9916.0 sentences: 594.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268561-vq1uhj5i.txt summary: 11 The causative agent was identified as a novel CoV, eventually named SARS-CoV-2, and the respiratory syndrome associated with the infection was designated as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). In direct tests, the clinical sample is examined directly for the presence of particles, virus antigens, or viral nucleic acids, whereas indirect methods detect the serological response against the infection (Figure 2 ). 11 Culture-based methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection have been used in research and public health laboratories in different parts of the world, but virus isolation is not recommended as a routine diagnostic procedure because it has low sensitivity, it is time-consuming, and it requires BSL-3 containment. 11 In addition to unequivocally confirming the diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, regular sequencing of a percentage of patient samples from clinical cases can be used to monitor changes in the viral genome over time and trace transmission patterns. abstract: [Image: see text] In December 2019, a novel beta (β) coronavirus eventually named SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, causing an outbreak of severe and even fatal pneumonia in humans. The virus has spread very rapidly to many countries across the world, resulting in the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Clinically, the diagnosis of this unprecedented illness, called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), becomes difficult because it shares many symptoms with other respiratory pathogens, including influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Therefore, laboratory diagnosis is crucial for the clinical management of patients and the implementation of disease control strategies to contain SARS-CoV-2 at clinical and population level. Here, we summarize the main clinical and imaging findings of COVID-19 patients and discuss the advances, features, advantages, and limitations of different laboratory methods used for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00274 doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00274 id: cord-307229-wjx90xki author: da Silveira, Matheus Pelinski title: Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature date: 2020-07-29 words: 8418.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307229-wjx90xki.txt summary: Additionally, elevations of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IP10 and MCP1 in infections by the novel coronavirus were associated with the Th1 response; however, an increase in interleukins of the T helper type 2 (Th2) profile, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL10, which suppress the inflammation, was also associated with a greater severity of COVID-19, which may demonstrate an imbalance in immune regulation and an attempt to minimize tissue inflammatory damage [35, 40] . In addition, obesity is an important factor for the development of T2DM-especially when associated with low levels of physical activity and poor physical conditioning-and as mentioned, both diseases are related to higher expression of ACE2, increasing the risk of advanced infection by SARS-CoV-2 [43] . Similarly, regular exercise practices at moderate levels favor the function of the human body''s immune surveillance against pathogens, as they stimulate an exchange of white blood cells between the circulatory system and tissues, a fact that reduces morbidity and mortality from acute respiratory disease and infections viral. abstract: Acute viral respiratory infections are the main infectious disease in the world. In 2020, a new disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global pandemic. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as genetics, age and physical state, and its main input receptor is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The practice of physical exercises acts as a modulator of the immune system. During and after physical exercise, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released, lymphocyte circulation increases, as well as cell recruitment. Such practice has an effect on the lower incidence, intensity of symptoms and mortality in viral infections observed in people who practice physical activity regularly, and its correct execution must be considered to avoid damage. The initial response is given mainly by type I interferons (IFN-I), which drive the action macrophages and lymphocytes, followed by lymphocyte action. A suppression of the IFN-I response has been noted in COVID-19. Severe conditions have been associated with storms of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia, as well as circulatory changes and virus dispersion to other organs. The practice of physical activities strengthens the immune system, suggesting a benefit in the response to viral communicable diseases. Thus, regular practice of adequate intensity is suggested as an auxiliary tool in strengthening and preparing the immune system for COVID-19. Further studies are needed to associate physical exercise with SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728975/ doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3 id: cord-349566-zx9kt144 author: de Alencar, Julio Cesar Garcia title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with N-acetylcysteine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 date: 2020-09-23 words: 2957.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349566-zx9kt144.txt summary: title: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with N-acetylcysteine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 There is still no robust experimental confirmation for this fact; however, increased serum AngII levels have been reported in patients with severe Covid-19 cases [7] and enhanced expression of ACE2 in adults, compared to children, has been advocated to cause the difference of disease prevalence in these age ranges [8] . Therefore, we designed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to determine whether NAC (in doses used to treat acute liver failure), is able to protect alveolar cells and avoid respiratory failure in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by (confirmed or suspect) Covid-19. This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous NAC to prevent respiratory failure in patients with confirmed or suspect severe Covid-19. abstract: BACKGROUND: A local increase in angiotensin 2 after inactivation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by SARS-CoV-2 may induce a redox imbalance in alveolar epithelium cells, causing apoptosis, increased inflammation and, consequently, impaired gas exchange. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration could restore this redox homeostasis and suppress unfavorable evolution in Covid-19 patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether NAC in high doses can avoid respiratory failure in patients with Covid-19. METHODS: It was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, unicentric trial, conducted at the Emergency Department of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil. We enrolled 135 patients with severe Covid-19 (confirmed or suspected), with an oxyhemoglobin saturation of less than 94% or respiratory rate higher than 24 breaths/min. Patients were randomized to receive NAC 21 g (approximately 300 mg/kg) for 20 hours, or dextrose 5%. Primary endpoint was the need for mechanical ventilation. Secondary endpoints were time of mechanical ventilation, admission to ICU, time in ICU, and mortality. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were very similar in the two groups, with no significant difference in age, sex, comorbidities, medicines taken, and disease severity. Also, groups were similar in laboratory tests and chest CT scan findings. Sixteen patients (23.9%) in the Placebo group were submitted to endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, compared to 14 patients (20.6%) in the NAC group (p=0.675). No difference was observed in secondary endpoints. CONCLUSION: Administration of NAC in high doses did not affect the evolution of severe Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1443 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1443 id: cord-035067-ic843wr9 author: de Almeida, Joana Ferro Machado title: COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract: what do we already know? date: 2020-11-05 words: 5453.0 sentences: 336.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035067-ic843wr9.txt summary: Those infected may be asymptomatic, present typical symptoms (fever, dry cough and dyspnea), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) and viral RNA in stools. Information on country of origin, mean age, different comorbidities, typical symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnea, among others), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain), and the presence of viral RNA in feces, when cited, were included in this study for analysis. (19) According to the descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study (three hospitals in Hubei, China) by Pan et al., with 204 patients, in which 107 were male, mean age of 52.91±15.98 years, 103 (50.5%) reported some gastrointestinal symptom, such as lack of appetite (81; 78.6%), diarrhea (35; 34.0%), vomiting (4; 3.9%), and abdominal pain (2; 1.9%). (26) Cipriano et al., conducted a systematic review with six studies of patients from China, which points to the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract and fecal-oral transmission. abstract: The new coronavirus disease pandemic is defining 2020, with almost 17.5 million infected individuals and 700 thousand deaths up to beginning of August. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the transmission is through the respiratory tract. Those infected may be asymptomatic, present typical symptoms (fever, dry cough and dyspnea), gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain) and viral RNA in stools. The objective of this work was to review the literature related to the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and to check the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. We searched PubMed(®) database on COVID-19 and gastrointestinal tract and selected articles using the PRISMA method. We eliminated articles based on titles and abstracts, small number of patients and the mechanism of infection, leaving 14 studies. Comorbidities and laboratory alterations (elevation of hepatic aminotransferases and bilirubin) were related to worsening of the disease. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms ranged from 6.8% to 61.3%, including diarrhea (8.14% to 33.7%), nausea/vomiting (1.53% to 26.4%), anorexia (12.1% to 40.0%) and abdominal pain (0% to 14.5%). The presence of viral RNA in stools was rarely tested, but positive in 0% to 48.1%. The gastrointestinal tract is affected by COVID-19, causing specific symptoms, laboratory alterations and viral presence in the feces. However, the results of prevalence and possibility of fecal-oral transmission were varied, requiring further studies for more assertive conclusions. It is important that healthcare professionals draw attention to this fact, since these changes can help make diagnosis and initiate early treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7647386/ doi: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5909 id: cord-300303-d4qmtysd author: de Azambuja, Evandro title: ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer date: 2020-05-20 words: 6968.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300303-d4qmtysd.txt summary: The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease at a pandemic proportion has demanded the prompt development of a reliable, applicable and evidenceinformed mechanism for the priority-setting of health services, to assure the attainment of the highest standards of quality care to all. abstract: The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The prioritisation of high value cancer interventions must be embedded in the agenda for the pandemic response, ensuring that no inconsistency or discrepancy emerge in the health planning processes. The aim of this work is to organise health interventions for breast cancer management and research in a tiered framework (high, medium, low value), formulating a scheme of prioritisation per clinical cogency and intrinsic value or magnitude of benefit. The public health tools and schemes for priority setting in oncology have been used as models, aspiring to capture clinical urgency, value in healthcare, community goals and fairness, while respecting the principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. We discuss the priority health interventions across the cancer continuum, giving a perspective on the role and meaning to maintain some services (undeferrable) while temporarily abrogate some others (deferrable). Considerations for implementation and the essential link to pre-existing health services, especially primary healthcare, are addressed, outlining a framework for the development of effective and functional services, such as telemedicine. The discussion covers the theme of health systems strategising, and why oncology care, in particular breast cancer care, should be maintained in parallel to pandemic control measures, providing a pragmatic clinical model within the broader context of public healthcare schemes. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000793 doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000793 id: cord-255669-gpc5k7lf author: de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel title: Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date: 2020-07-02 words: 144.0 sentences: 18.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255669-gpc5k7lf.txt summary: key: cord-255669-gpc5k7lf authors: de Burgos-Berdud, Isabel; Valdés-Florido, María José; López-Díaz, Álvaro title: Are healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk of psychosis? Findings from a scoping review date: 2020-07-02 journal: Gen Hosp Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.015 sha: doc_id: 255669 cord_uid: gpc5k7lf nan results of a scoping review. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis Brief Psychotic Disorder Triggered by Fear of Coronavirus? Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical perspectives from a case series Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis Psychological Support System for Hospital Workers During the Covid-19 Outbreak: Rapid Design and Implementation of the Covid-Psy Hotline abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.015 doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.015 id: cord-262878-ygvbqmxd author: de Carranza, María title: Aortic thrombus in patients with severe COVID-19: review of three cases date: 2020-07-09 words: 1895.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262878-ygvbqmxd.txt summary: Thrombotic arterial events (APE or cerebral stroke) have been previously related to other viral infections, especially among HIV patients, but no acute aortic events have been reported [10] . In our hospital, we established a specific screening protocol to rule out APE in COVID-19 patients with a significant increase of D-Dimer, even with the improvement of clinical and analytical parameters. CXR presented a rapid progression of opacities and a significant increase in acute reactants such as ferritin and IL-6 were detected, so a single dose of 600 mg of tocilizumab was administered following hospital protocols (severity criteria). We have described three moderate-severe COVID-19 patients over 60 years with cardiovascular risk factors, who presented aortic thrombus despite the use of LMWH prophylaxis, in slow and poor clinical progression with highly increased inflammatory markers. Our local incidence for incidental aortic thrombus is 0.75% in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients, representing 6.6% of 45 cases of arterial thrombosis (including pulmonary embolism). High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism, in an exaggerated immune response to the virus, especially in severe patients. Even though aortic clots are a rare entity, the pro-coagulant nature of COVID-19 is associated with thrombosis in atypical locations and should be considered in patients with severe abnormalities in coagulation parameters. We describe a series of three cases of aortic thrombi diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) angiography in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-020-02219-z doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02219-z id: cord-339616-4ctpq5v3 author: de Carvalho, Carolina Abreu title: How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? date: 2020-10-12 words: 2755.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339616-4ctpq5v3.txt summary: The goal of this commentary is to expose the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a critical analysis of this scenario and suggesting ways to move forward. The fight against food insecurity in Brazil was interrupted with the adoption of austerity measures, such as the National Amendment 95/2016 (4) , which reduced public expenditure on social policies, in addition to labour and social security reforms, which represents a scenario of violation of human rights that are being aggravated by the current pandemic. Finally, with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, another action which has become even more urgent is that the government again should prioritise the FNS agenda and update the National Plan for Food and Nutrition Security (PNSAN). abstract: The goal of this commentary is to expose the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a critical analysis of this scenario and suggesting ways to move forward. When COVID-19 arrived in Brazil, a crisis scenario that incorporated economic, social and political aspects became highly visible. This scenario fostered unemployment, poverty and hunger. Besides that, it exposed multiple vulnerabilities that were getting worse over the past few years prior to the pandemic. In this context, COVID-19 found in Brazil a fertile ground for its dissemination and community transmission. The impacts of the suspension of many commercial activities and other economic sectors due to the pandemic were quickly felt socially and economically in Brazil. Some of the actions carried out by the Brazilian government included the emergency aid payment and exemption from payment of energy bills for vulnerable individuals, release of funds for programmes for the direct purchase of food from family farmers, delivery of school food kits directly to students despite the closure of schools and publication of sanitary rules for the operation of restaurants. However, these actions are still insufficient, slow and not sufficiently coordinated to contain the progress of the food and nutritional insecurity crisis in Brazil. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgency for the Brazilian government to again prioritise the FNS agenda. This includes implementing mechanisms to ensure the Human Right to Adequate Food and expanding existing FNS programmes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33040767/ doi: 10.1017/s1368980020003973 id: cord-308597-ieju8gd8 author: de Carvalho, Renata Cristina title: The interference of COVID-19 in the male reproductive system: Important questions and the future of assisted reproduction techniques date: 2020-08-21 words: 1152.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308597-ieju8gd8.txt summary: If the presence of SARS-Cov-2 in semen is confirmed, the methods of assisted human reproduction conduct should be modified, ensuring the timely safety of couples; however, current information about the virus raises other issues, such as: if seminal transmission exists, should a couple avoid sexual intercourse or use a barrier method if the male partner is known to be positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? If there is SARS-Cov-2 in an infected male''s semen, is double sperm washing effective in isolating the virus as it is for HIV and hepatitis C? In addition, even with the absence of the virus in the seminal sample, a study has reported the presence of orchialgia in men diagnosed with COVID-19 (16) , which is indicative of testicular damage. Absence of 2019 novel coronavirus in semen and testes of COVID-19 patients Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876112/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2183 id: cord-340015-x9frt0jh author: de Carvalho, Werther Brunow title: Expert recommendations for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 2822.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340015-x9frt0jh.txt summary: Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for viral transmission to their fetus in pregnant mothers diagnosed with or suspected of COVID-19, it is important to elaborate the lines of care by specialists from hospitals caring for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases to guide multidisciplinary teams and families diagnosed with the disease or involved in the care of pregnant women and newborns in this context. (10) proposed the presence of at least one of following clinical signs or symptoms as criteria for the neonatal diagnosis of COVID-2: thermal instability, hypoactivity, feeding difficulty, respiratory distress, chest X-ray with changes (including single or bilateral ground-glass patterns), COVID-19 diagnosis in family or caregiver of the newborn, intimate contact with people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, or patients with unclear pneumonia. Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential viral transmission to their fetus by pregnant women with suspected or positive for COVID-19, multidisciplinary teams must be attentive to the disease signs and symptoms for guided and assertive decision making in the management of both mothers and newborns in the hospital environment and discharge. abstract: This article presents expert recommendations for assisting newborn children of mothers with suspected or diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The consensus was developed by five experts with an average of 20 years of experience in neonatal intensive care working at a reference university hospital in Brazil for the care of pregnant women and newborns with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for viral transmission to their fetus in pregnant mothers diagnosed with or suspected of COVID-19, it is important to elaborate the lines of care by specialists from hospitals caring for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases to guide multidisciplinary teams and families diagnosed with the disease or involved in the care of pregnant women and newborns in this context. Multidisciplinary teams must be attentive to the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 so that decision-making is oriented and assertive for the management of the mother and newborn in both the hospital setting and at hospital discharge. url: https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e1932 doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1932 id: cord-256011-0cr4ejxu author: de Castro-Hamoy, Leniza title: Age Matters but it should not be Used to Discriminate Against the Elderly in Allocating Scarce Resources in the Context of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 4410.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256011-0cr4ejxu.txt summary: This paper examines the fairness of recommendations contained in resource allocation guidelines in the Philippines that have implications for the way elderly patients could be treated or excluded from some forms of critical care treatment in the context of the ongoing Corona virus emergency. Anticipating a surge in demand for ventilators and other critical care equipment at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions, agencies, and responsible authorities have had to issue guidelines or recommendations for the allocation of scarce medical resources in their respective territories or jurisdictions. After starting with an examination of the principle of net utility, the commentary goes on to explore and clarify what the TFG means by "maximizing prognosis." It emphasizes the importance of invoking short-term-rather than long-term-prognosis as a criterion to determine a patient''s ability to benefit from the use of critical care resources during the period of scarcity. abstract: A patient’s age serves as a very useful guide to physicians in deciding what disease manifestations to anticipate, what treatment to offer for certain conditions, and how to prepare for possible emergencies. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, determining treatment options on the basis of a patient’s chronological age can easily give rise to unjustified discrimination. This is of particular significance in situations where the allocation of scarce critical care resources could have a direct impact on who will live and who will die. This paper examines the fairness of recommendations contained in resource allocation guidelines in the Philippines that have implications for the way elderly patients could be treated or excluded from some forms of critical care treatment in the context of the ongoing Corona virus emergency. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837555/ doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00130-6 id: cord-314121-ez62fx9p author: de Chaisemartin, C. title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden. date: 2020-06-23 words: 2902.0 sentences: 166.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314121-ez62fx9p.txt summary: Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG''s effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths 3 . This suggests that universal BCG vaccination has no effect on the number of COVID-19 cases per 1000 inhabitants for individuals born in 1975. In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. abstract: Background The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine has immunity benefits against respiratory infections. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that it may have a protective effect against COVID-19. Recent research found that countries with universal BCG childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such ecological studies are biased by numerous confounders. Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate from 92% to 2% , thus allowing us to estimate the BCG's effect without all the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. Methods Numbers of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations were recorded for birth cohorts born just before and just after that change, representing 1,026,304 and 1,018,544 individuals, respectively. We used regression discontinuity to assess the effect of BCG vaccination on Covid-19 related outcomes. This method used on such a large population allows for a high precision that would be hard to achieve using a classical randomized controlled trial. Results The odds ratio for Covid-19 cases and Covid-19 related hospitalizations were 0.9997 (CI95: [0.8002-1.1992]) and 1.1931 (CI95: [0.7558-1.6304]), respectively. We can thus reject with 95% confidence that universal BCG vaccination reduces the number of cases by more than 20% and the number of hospitalizations by more than 24% Conclusions While the effect of a recent vaccination must be evaluated, we provide strong evidence that receiving the BCG vaccine at birth does not have a protective effect against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20137802 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.22.20137802 id: cord-292372-kn27ghlv author: de Chaisemartin, Clément title: BCG vaccination in infancy does not protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a natural experiment in Sweden date: 2020-08-23 words: 2819.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292372-kn27ghlv.txt summary: Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate, thus allowing us to estimate the BCG''s effect without the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. found that countries with universal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of their number of cases and deaths [7] . In this study, we took advantage of a change in vaccination policy in Sweden to investigate the link between BCG vaccination in infancy and Covid-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths, using a regression discontinuity approach. For instance, this study estimates the effect of universal BCG vaccination for individuals born around April 1st 1975, who are in their mid-forties during the COVID-19 pandemic, and cannot be generalized to the entire population. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) tuberculosis vaccine has immunity benefits against respiratory infections. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized to have a protective effect against COVID-19. Recent research found that countries with universal BCG childhood vaccination policies tend to be less affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such ecological studies are biased by numerous confounders. Instead, this paper takes advantage of a rare nationwide natural experiment that took place in Sweden in 1975, where discontinuation of newborns BCG vaccination led to a dramatic fall of the BCG coverage rate, thus allowing us to estimate the BCG’s effect without the biases associated with cross-country comparisons. METHODS: Numbers of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations were recorded for birth cohorts born just before and just after 1975, representing 1,026,304 and 1,018,544 individuals, respectively. We used regression discontinuity to assess the effect of BCG vaccination on Covid-19 related outcomes. This method used on such a large population allows for a high precision that would be hard to achieve using a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The odds ratio for Covid-19 cases and Covid-19 related hospitalizations were 1·0005 (CI95: [0·8130-1·1881]) and 1·2046 (CI95: [0·7532-1·6560]), allowing us to reject fairly modest effects of universal BCG vaccination. We can reject with 95% confidence that universal BCG vaccination reduces the number of cases by 19% and the number of hospitalizations by 25%. CONCLUSIONS: While the effect of a recent vaccination must be evaluated, we provide strong evidence that receiving the BCG vaccine at birth does not have a protective effect against COVID-19 among middle-aged individuals. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1223 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1223 id: cord-290428-zrlqzbss author: de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, Christianne title: Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-12 words: 6419.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290428-zrlqzbss.txt summary: Since to date there is no vaccine or evidence-based treatment for COVID-19, the optimization of nutrient intake through well-balanced meals and the use of good hygiene practices in food selection, preparation, and conservation is probably the most effective approach for managing the continuous risk of viral infection. There is no evidence that COVID-19 is spread through eating or touching raw fruits or vegetables; Prior to consumption, fresh fruits and vegetables should be washed or scrubbed under cold, running, potable tap water; While there are no special precautions for storing food, handwashing after putting away purchased food and before preparing food is recommended; Hands should be washed before and after food containers are washed EUFIC (2020) 19 Appropriate intakes of copper, folate, iron, selenium, zinc, and vitamins A, B 6 , B 12 , C, and D play an important role in the immune system; In general, these nutrients should be obtained through foods Supplements can be used to add nutrients to the diet in individuals who have specific challenges in meeting dietary requirements abstract: Optimal nutrition can improve well-being and might mitigate the risk and morbidity associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review summarizes nutritional guidelines to support dietary counseling provided by dietitians and health-related professionals. The majority of documents encouraged the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods. Thirty-one percent of the guidelines highlighted the importance of minerals and vitamins such as zinc and vitamins C, A, and D to maintain a well-functioning immune system. Dietary supplementation has not been linked to COVID-19 prevention. However, supplementation with vitamins C and D, as well as with zinc and selenium, was highlighted as potentially beneficial for individuals with, or at risk of, respiratory viral infections or for those in whom nutrient deficiency is detected. There was no convincing evidence that food or food packaging is associated with the transmission of COVID-19, but good hygiene practices for handling and preparing foods were recommended. No changes to breastfeeding recommendations have been made, even in women diagnosed with COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067 doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067 id: cord-321770-g5xcfhnh author: de Farias, Emmerson Carlos Franco title: MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN A CHILD ASSOCIATED WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: FATAL OUTCOME IN AN INFANT date: 2020-08-26 words: 2337.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321770-g5xcfhnh.txt summary: CASE DESCRIPTION: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. The diagnosis of MIS-C should be considered among children and adolescents aged from zero to 19 years, with characteristics of typical or atypical Kawasaki disease or shock syndrome, according to the case definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 8 , described in Chart 1. In this study, we describe a case of MIS-C in an infant infected with SARS-CoV-2, after parental authorization, which had a fatal outcome despite the support received in pediatric intensive care. This case report emphasizes the fatal clinical course of an infant admitted with infection by SARS-CoV-2, associated with significant comorbidity, presenting with hyperinflammatory and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, there have been reports of children with severe inflammatory syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction associated with elevated inflammatory markers. These cases are reported as presenting the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. In this study, we describe with parental permission a case of MIS-C in an infant with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. CASE DESCRIPTION: A seven-month-old infant, with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of extreme preterm birth and very low weight at birth, with an initial course of mild respiratory symptoms and abrupt progression to vasoplegic shock, myocarditis and hyperinflammation syndrome, shown by high levels of troponin I, ferritin, CRP, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia. Despite the intensive care provided, the child developed multiple organ dysfunction and died. COMMENTS: Patients with a history of extreme prematurity may present with MIS-C in the presence of COVID-19 and are a group of special concern. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876282/ doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2020165 id: cord-263363-2um8ntvi author: de Havenon, Adam title: Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-20 words: 651.0 sentences: 48.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263363-2um8ntvi.txt summary: title: Excess neurological death in New York City after the emergence of COVID-19 Figure 1b shows the concept of excess non-COVID deaths, which averaged 1670/week during 03/21/20-05/30/20. In mid-March 2020, after the rise in COVID-19 infections in NYC, excess non-COVID deaths increased for cerebrovascular and Alzheimer''s disease, but this increase was far less than multiple other causes of death. Lack of widespread COVID-19 testing during this period [4] means that many of the excess non-COVID deaths were likely due to complications from undiagnosed COVID-19. The relatively small 11.8% increase in cerebrovascular death suggests that while stroke may complicate COVID-19 infection, it may not be as fatal as other complications. Despite these limitations, we found that the two most common neurological causes of death, cerebrovascular and Alzheimer''s disease, increased comparatively less than pulmonary, cardiac, and diabetic deaths in NYC during the recent peak of COVID-19 mortality. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10084-2 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10084-2 id: cord-315465-u3zq9k5j author: de Jesus, Myrela Conceição Santos title: Family COVID-19 cluster analysis of an infant without respiratory symptoms date: 2020-08-26 words: 1854.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315465-u3zq9k5j.txt summary: Here, we report the case of a child with COVID-19 who attended an outpatient clinic in Aracaju, Northeast-Brazil, with gastrointestinal symptoms and no respiratory problems and the subsequent screening of his close family members. A 45-year-old asymptomatic uncle, who was unable to maintain social isolation due to work commitments had a positive nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal RT-PCR assay result on 15th May 2020, but his IgM and IgG tests performed on the same day yielded negative results. This is a case report comprising a child with a chief complaint of diarrhea and the clinical history of his six contact family members during the 20 days prior to the onset of his symptoms. We also describe the clinical findings, molecular and serological assay results of the family members with whom he had been in contact up to 20 days before symptom onset. abstract: Diagnosing cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with only non-respiratory symptoms has been challenging. We reported the diagnosis of a child who tested positive for COVID-19 with abdominal pain/diarrhea and tracked his family cluster. One member of the family tested positive for COVID-19 on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay and three other family members had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876320/ doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0494-2020 id: cord-297825-gfyj52of author: de Joode, K. title: Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study date: 2020-09-30 words: 1133.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297825-gfyj52of.txt summary: title: Dutch oncology COVID-19 Consortium (DOCC): Outcome of COVID-19 in patients with cancer in a nationwide cohort study Simulations of individual projections from actual hospital data, show a 2.25% increase of the 5-year risk of death and that pandemic-related cancer burden is mainly due to patient-induced lateness in seeking care. Results: To date, > 600 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 have been registered by 45 Dutch hospitals. In multivariate analyses, age 65 years (p < 0.001), male gender (p ¼ 0.035), prior or other malignancy (p ¼ 0.045), and active diagnosis of haematological malignancy (p ¼ 0.046) or lung cancer (p ¼ 0.003) were independent risk factors for a fatal outcome of COVID-19. The findings in this registry indicate that patients with a haematological malignancy or lung cancer have an increased risk of a worse outcome of COVID-19. LBA80 Outcome and prognostic factors of SARS CoV-2 infection in cancer patients: A cross-sectional study abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0923753420424020 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2320 id: cord-307406-59yh48tt author: de Loyola, Mariana Braccialli title: Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin: A possible host protective factor against Covid‐19 date: 2020-08-26 words: 5739.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307406-59yh48tt.txt summary: 2, 3 A1AT is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and two of the most important proteases in the pathophysiology of Covid-19: the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and the disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), as was well as an inhibitor of inflammatory molecules, such as IL-8, TNF-α, and neutrophil elastase. [4] [5] [6] Moreover, recent data indicate that lower IL-6:A1AT levels are related to worse prognosis in This review addresses the interplay between A1AT, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, and inflammatory molecules during SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim of identifying new avenues for effective treatments against Covid-19. In order to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of A1AT in Covid-19, is important to address the following concerns: The evidence presented in this review highlights the relevance of the A1AT as a host protective factor, which can inhibit the TMPRSS2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection, modulate the deleterious effect of ADAM17 activation and the activity of inflammatory molecules, such as IL-8, TNF-α, and neutrophil elastase. abstract: Understanding Covid‐19 pathophysiology is crucial for a better understanding of the disease and development of more effective treatments. Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) is a constitutive tissue protector with antiviral and anti‐inflammatory properties. A1AT inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and two of the most important proteases in the pathophysiology of Covid‐19: the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and the disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). It also inhibits the activity of inflammatory molecules, such as IL‐8, TNF‐α, and neutrophil elastase (NE). TMPRSS2 is essential for SARS‐CoV‐2‐S protein priming and viral infection. ADAM17 mediates ACE2, IL‐6R, and TNF‐α shedding. ACE2 is the SARS‐CoV‐2 entry receptor and a key component for the balance of the renin‐angiotensin system, inflammation, vascular permeability, and pulmonary homeostasis. In addition, clinical findings indicate that A1AT levels might be important in defining Covid‐19 outcomes, potentially partially explaining associations with air pollution and with diabetes. In this review, we focused on the interplay between A1AT with TMPRSS2, ADAM17 and immune molecules, and the role of A1AT in the pathophysiology of Covid‐19, opening new avenues for investigating effective treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2157 doi: 10.1002/rmv.2157 id: cord-252699-0xw9xvox author: de Marcaida, Joy Antonelle title: Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Patients at a Movement Disorders Center date: 2020-09-18 words: 3438.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252699-0xw9xvox.txt summary: Second, we reviewed Hartford HealthCare''s EHR to identify patients with Parkinson disease who were admitted for COVID-19 to any of our six affiliate hospitals across the state as a way to estimate the burden of COVID-19 on the population of patients with movement disorders. Of the patients who died, twelve (92%) were greater than 60 years old, eleven (85%) had parkinsonism, eleven (85%) were from an extended care facility, nine (69%) had comorbid dementia, nine (69%) had at least one high-risk comorbid condition, eight (62%) had alteration in mental status as a presenting symptom, and eight (62%) received a medication with antiviral properties (hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, amantadine, and memantine), including three who were on an adamantane prior to contracting COVID-19. Within our cohort of patients with movement disorders, factors related to increased mortality were age over 60 years, PD or parkinsonism diagnosis, residing in an extended care facility, comorbid dementia, and comorbid medical conditions. abstract: It is not established whether SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients with movement disorders, are at greater risk for more serious outcomes than the larger COVID-19 population beyond the susceptibility associated with greater age. We reviewed electronic health records and conducted telephone interviews to collect the demographics and clinical outcomes of patients seen at our Movement Disorders Center who tested positive for COVID-19 from 8 March 2020 through 6 June 2020. Thirty-six patients were identified, 23 men and 13 women, median age of 74.5 years. They primarily carried diagnoses of idiopathic Parkinson disease (n = 22; 61%) and atypical parkinsonism (n = 7; 19%) with the balance having other diagnoses. Twenty-seven patients (75%) exhibited alteration in mental status and fifteen (42%) had abnormalities of movement as common manifestations of COVID-19; in 61% and 31%, respectively, these were the presenting symptoms of the disease. Sixty-seven percent of patients in our cohort required hospitalization, and the mortality rate was 36%. These data demonstrate that in patients with movement disorders, the likelihood of hospitalization and death after contracting COVID-19 was greater than in the general population. Patients with movement disorders frequently presented with altered mental status, generalized weakness, or worsening mobility but not anosmia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962001/ doi: 10.3390/geriatrics5030054 id: cord-347602-ab2gv1e5 author: de Melo, A. C. title: Cancer inpatient with COVID-19: a report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date: 2020-06-29 words: 3584.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347602-ab2gv1e5.txt summary: Standing out worldwide for having one of the steepest epidemiological curves, the country has already reached the second place in incidence with almost 1.08 million cases and second place in mortality with more than 50,500 deaths so far 3 Patients with cancer are more likely to have severe complications and even death when affected by COVID-19 [6] [7] [8] , mainly due to the effects of the immunosuppressive anticancer treatments, frequent use of corticosteroids, advanced age, comorbidities and pulmonary involvement (primary tumors or secondary lung metastases). Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study abstract: Brazil has been recording a frightening exponential curve of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cancer patients with COVID-19 are likely to have a greater risk of complications and death. A retrospective search in the electronic medical records of cancer inpatients admitted to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute from April 30, 2020 to May 26, 2020 granted identification of 181 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR method. The mean age was 55.3 years (SD 21.1). The most prevalent solid tumors were breast (40 [22.1%]), gastrointestinal (24 [13.3%]), and gynecological (22 [12.2%]). Among hematological malignancies, lymphoma (20 [11%]) and leukemia (10 [5.5%]) predominated. The most common complications were respiratory failure (70 [38.7%]), septic shock (40 [22.1%]) and acute kidney injury (33 [18.2%]). A total of 60 (33.1%) patients died due to COVID-19 complications. By multivariate analysis, cases with admission due to symptoms of COVID-19 (p = 0.027) and with two or more metastatic sites (p <0.001) showed a higher risk of COVID-19-specific death. This is the first study in a cohort of Brazilian cancer patients with COVID-19. The rates of complications and COVID-19-specific death were significantly high. Our data prompts urgent and effective public policies for this group of especially vulnerable patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.27.20141499 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.27.20141499 id: cord-254025-j1l0mder author: de Melo, Andreia C. title: Cancer inpatients with COVID-19: A report from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute date: 2020-10-26 words: 3366.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254025-j1l0mder.txt summary: According to the univariate analysis COVID-19-specific mortality was significantly associated with age over 75 years (P = .002), metastatic cancer (p <0.001), two or more sites of metastases (P < .001), the presence of lung (P < .001) or bone metastases (P = .001), non-curative treatment or best supportive care intent (P < .001), higher C-reactive protein levels (P = .002), admission due to COVID-19 (P = .009), and antibiotics use (P = .02). As shown in Table 3 , mortality related to COVID-19 was significantly associated to older age (P < .001 for patients between 60 to 74 years and P = .002 for patients aged 75 years or older), metastatic cancer (P < .001), two or more sites of metastases (P < .001), the presence of lung (P < .001) or bone metastases (P = .001), non-curative treatment or best supportive care intent (P < .001), higher C-reactive protein levels (P = .002), admission due to COVID-19 (P = .009), and antibiotics use (P = .02). abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of cancer inpatients with COVID-19 exploring clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective search in the electronic medical records of cancer inpatients admitted to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute from April 30, 2020 to May 26, 2020 granted identification of 181 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.3 years (SD ± 21.1). Comorbidities were present in 110 (60.8%) cases. The most prevalent solid tumors were breast (40 [22.1%]), gastrointestinal (24 [13.3%]), and gynecological (22 [12.2%]). Among hematological malignancies, lymphoma (20 [11%]) and leukemia (10 [5.5%]) predominated. Metastatic disease accounted for 90 (49.7%) cases. In total, 63 (34.8%) had recently received cytotoxic chemotherapy. The most common complications were respiratory failure (70 [38.7%]), septic shock (40 [22.1%]) and acute kidney injury (33 [18.2%]). A total of 60 (33.1%) patients died due to COVID-19 complications. For solid tumors, the COVID-19-specific mortality rate was 37.7% (52 out of 138 patients) and for hematological malignancies, 23.5% (8 out of 34). According to the univariate analysis COVID-19-specific mortality was significantly associated with age over 75 years (P = .002), metastatic cancer (p <0.001), two or more sites of metastases (P < .001), the presence of lung (P < .001) or bone metastases (P = .001), non-curative treatment or best supportive care intent (P < .001), higher C-reactive protein levels (P = .002), admission due to COVID-19 (P = .009), and antibiotics use (P = .02). After multivariate analysis, cases with admission due to symptoms of COVID-19 (P = .027) and with two or more metastatic sites (P < .001) showed a higher risk of COVID-19-specific death. CONCLUSION: This is the first Brazilian cohort of cancer patients with COVID-19. The rates of complications and COVID-19-specific death were significantly high. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33104715/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241261 id: cord-347874-cmgd5rqt author: de Miguel Beriain, Iñigo title: Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al date: 2020-09-09 words: 1961.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347874-cmgd5rqt.txt summary: title: Immunity passports, fundamental rights and public health hazards: a reply to Brown et al We argue that if a person has been tested positive for and recovered from COVID-19, becoming immune to it, she cannot be considered a hazard to public health and, therefore, the curtailment of her fundamental rights (eg, the right to freedom of movement) is not legitimate. If a person does not pose a threat to public health because she cannot spread the infection, then her right to freedom of movement should be respected, regardless of how she acquired that immunity. It is necessary to emphasise that the Convention does not even allow in principle to limit the freedom of movement to avoid a risk of collapse for the health system-one of the reasons given to justify the lockdowns, as Brown et al pointed out. abstract: In their recent article, Brown et al analyse several ethical aspects around immunity passports and put forward some recommendations for implementing them. Although they offer a comprehensive perspective, they overlook two essential aspects. First, while the authors consider the possibility that immunological passports may appear to discriminate against those who do not possess them, the opposite viewpoint of immune people is underdeveloped. We argue that if a person has been tested positive for and recovered from COVID-19, becoming immune to it, she cannot be considered a hazard to public health and, therefore, the curtailment of her fundamental rights (eg, the right to freedom of movement) is not legitimate. Second, they omit that vaccine distribution will create similar problems related to immunity-based licenses. Vaccine certificates will de facto generate a sort of immunity passport. In the next phases of the pandemic, different immunity statuses will be at stake, because the need to identify who can spread COVID-19 is unavoidable. If a person does not pose a threat to public health because she cannot spread the infection, then her right to freedom of movement should be respected, regardless of how she acquired that immunity. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106814 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106814 id: cord-346248-6wkyar57 author: de Moura, Diogo Turiani Hourneaux title: Diagnostic Characteristics of Serological-Based COVID-19 Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis date: 2020-08-06 words: 3892.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346248-6wkyar57.txt summary: The aim of this study was to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of serological-based COVID-19 testing. This meta-analysis demonstrates suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of serologic-based diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that antibody testing alone, in its current form, is unlikely to be an adequate solution to the difficulties posed by COVID-19 and in guiding future policy decisions regarding social distancing and reopening of the economy worldwide. While this test is still the most effective method to date for the diagnosis of active COVID-19, serologic-based antibody testing to assist with known exposure to SARS-CoV-2 remains pivotal to accurately assessing the burden of disease. Therefore, we aim to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of serological-based testing (IgG and IgM) for COVID-19. abstract: Serologic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promises to assist in assessing exposure to and confirming the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a roadmap for reopening countries worldwide. Considering this, a proper understanding of serologic-based diagnostic testing characteristics is critical. The aim of this study was to perform a structured systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of serological-based COVID-19 testing. Electronic searches were performed using Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Full-text observational studies that reported IgG or IgM diagnostic yield and used nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) of respiratory tract specimens, as a the reference standard in English language were included. A bivariate model was used to compute pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratio (LR), diagnostic odds ratio (OR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Five studies (n=1,166 individual tests) met inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for IgG was 81% [(95% CI, 61-92);I(2)=95.28], 97% [(95% CI, 78-100);I(2)=97.80], and 93% (95% CI, 91-95), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for IgM antibodies was 80% [(95% CI, 57-92);I(2)=94.63], 96% [(95% CI, 81-99);I(2)=92.96] and 95% (95% CI, 92-96). This meta-analysis demonstrates suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of serologic-based diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 and suggests that antibody testing alone, in its current form, is unlikely to be an adequate solution to the difficulties posed by COVID-19 and in guiding future policy decisions regarding social distancing and reopening of the economy worldwide. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785570/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2212 id: cord-347515-3dbx61tz author: de Moura, J. title: Deep convolutional approaches for the analysis of Covid-19 using chest X-Ray images from portable devices date: 2020-06-23 words: 5802.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347515-3dbx61tz.txt summary: This work presents novel fully automatic approaches specifically tailored for the classification of chest X-Ray images acquired by portable equipment into 3 different clinical categories: normal, pathological and COVID-19. In that line, we selected in this work the most complex scenario of differentiation to analyze the COVID-19 disease; (ii) to date, this proposal represents the only study specifically designed for the analysis of COVID-19 in chest X-Ray images acquired by means of portable devices, with a significant penalization in the quality of the captured images; (iii) the methodology has been trained and validated using a dataset specifically designed for this research; (iv) these fully automatic approaches provided accurate results even though portable devices acquire images with poor quality conditions, allowing a reliable analysis to support the clinical decision-making process in the context of this dramatic global pandemic. abstract: The recent human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization. Given the effects of COVID-19 in pulmonary tissues, chest radiography imaging plays an important role for the screening, early detection and monitoring of the suspected individuals. Hence, as the pandemic of COVID-19 progresses, there will be a greater reliance on the use of portable equipment for the acquisition of chest X-Ray images due to its accessibility, widespread availability and benefits regarding to infection control issues, minimizing the risk of cross contamination. This work presents novel fully automatic approaches specifically tailored for the classification of chest X-Ray images acquired by portable equipment into 3 different clinical categories: normal, pathological and COVID-19. For this purpose, two complementary deep learning approaches based on a densely convolutional network architecture are herein presented. The joint response of both approaches allows to enhance the differentiation between patients infected with COVID-19, patients with other diseases that manifest characteristics similar to COVID-19 and normal cases. The proposed approaches were validated over a dataset provided by the Radiology Service of the Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC) specifically retrieved for this research. Despite the poor quality of chest X-Ray images that is inherent to the nature of the portable equipment, the proposed approaches provided satisfactory results, allowing a reliable analysis of portable radiographs, to support the clinical decision-making process. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.20134593 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.18.20134593 id: cord-294772-nma7w7of author: de Oliveira Collet, Giulia title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent’s oral health perceptions date: 2020-09-15 words: 3582.0 sentences: 220.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294772-nma7w7of.txt summary: title: COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric dentistry: fear, eating habits and parent''s oral health perceptions The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. The changes in diet, economic issues, general concerns, fear, added to the lack of preventive dental care, could impact the oral health of children during the enforced stay-at-home orders. Thus, this study aimed to assess the fear level, dietary choices and parent''s oral health perceptions during the stay-at-home orders period in Brazil. Regarding oral health, 24.4% of parents/caregivers reported their children were undergoing dental treatment before the pandemic. Association was found among parents/caregivers'' willingness to take their children to dental appointments, fear level (p<0.001), and the local number of COVID-19 cases (p<0.001) ( Table 4) . The present study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the eating habits and dental care of children in Brazil. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe measures have been implemented around the world to reduce COVID-19 spread with a significant impact on family dynamics. AIM: To assess the impact of the pandemic on fear, dietary choices and oral health perceptions of parents. DESIGN: questionnaire containing 19 questions was remotely applied to 1,003 parents of children aged 0-12 years. The questions addressed topics regarding changes in daily routine, dietary habits, fear level, oral health, and variation of income during the pandemic. Data analysis included the description of the relative and absolute frequencies of the variables. Association tests were performed using Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: 73% of respondents reported income loss. Five hundred sixty-eight people denied seeking medical or dental care. 61.5% of respondents revealed changes in the dietary pattern; most of them mentioned an increase in food intake. Most parents (66.6%) would only seek urgent dental care. There was an association between parents’ willingness to take their children to dental appointments with the fear level (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most families have experienced changes in daily routine and eating habits during the pandemic. Parents fear COVID-19 and it impacts their behavior regarding seeking dental care for their children. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952248/ doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105469 id: cord-352911-9wbq9qo2 author: de Oliveira, Pedro Gonçalves title: Diacerein: a potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 2539.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352911-9wbq9qo2.txt summary: The mortality related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients has been suggested to be connected with cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), an excessive immune response that severely damages healthy lung tissue. Total extracts from monolayer cell cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with rhein under the conditions described above will be analysed using commercially available protein arrays to determine the levels and activation state of proteins involved in the TLR-, Akt-, MAPK-, and NF-B-regulated signalling pathways. The mechanisms of action involved include the control of hyperinflammatory conditions by multi-faceted cytokine inhibition of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α; anti-platelet aggregation activity; and potential effects on viral infection and replication. Rhein suppresses lung inflammatory injury induced by human respiratory syncytial virus through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via NF-κB pathway in mice abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 binds its host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), through the viral spike (S) protein. The mortality related to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients has been suggested to be connected with cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), an excessive immune response that severely damages healthy lung tissue. In addition, cardiac symptoms, including fulminant myocarditis, are frequent in patients in a severe state of illness. Diacerein (DAR) is an anthraquinone derivative drug whose active metabolite is rhein. Different studies have shown that this compound inhibits the IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, NF-κB and NALP3 inflammasome pathways. The antiviral activity of rhein has also been documented. This metabolite prevents hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and influenza A virus (IAV) adsorption and replication through mechanisms involving regulation of oxidative stress and alterations of the TLR4, Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signalling pathways. Importantly, rhein inhibits the interaction between the SARS-CoV S protein and ACE2 in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting rhein as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of SARS-CoV infection. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that DAR is a multi-target drug useful for COVID-19 treatment. This anthraquinone may control hyperinflammatory conditions by multi-faceted cytokine inhibition and by reducing viral infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987720311828?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109920 id: cord-292894-p3099zpb author: de Oliveira, Rodrigo Ribeiro title: Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19 date: 2020 words: 3310.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292894-p3099zpb.txt summary: Lung and pleural ultrasound has become very important in the assessment of patients in emergency and intensive care units. Patients bedridden for some time may have thickened septa, especially in the posterior regions (decubitus-dependent), which would lead to the presence of up to two B-lines per intercostal space, an aspect that still represents the absence of significant changes (11, 14) . In the context of COVID-19, multiple coalescent B-lines on ultrasound configure a white lung pattern and correlate with ground-glass opacities identified on CT (15) (Figure 6 ). The presence of scattered coalescent B-lines across the lung parenchyma, in addition to thickening and pleural Figure 12 . Findings such as pleural thickening, presence of more than two B or coalescent B-lines per intercostal space, Figure 14 . The presence of pleural thickening, a hypoechogenic image with irregular contours, compatible with subpleural consolidation, less than 2.0 cm, and discrete C-lines are identified with the linear transducer in the intercostal space. abstract: Lung ultrasound is a well-defined diagnostic modality in the point of care emergency medicine concept. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the lung ultrasound assumed an essential role in this disease, with a valid correlation of the imaging results with computed tomography. Recognize how the diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound in the approach of COVID-19 and its differential diagnoses are fundamental. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904752/ doi: 10.1590/0100-3984.2020.0051 id: cord-344829-adlp2rjy author: de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Carlos title: The Inflammasome in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 8722.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344829-adlp2rjy.txt summary: Here we review the literature regarding the mechanism of inflammasome activation by CoV infection, the role of the inflammasome in ARDS, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) as well as the potential mechanism by which the inflammasome may contribute to the damaging effects of inflammation in the cardiac, renal, digestive, and nervous systems in COVID-19 patients. Here we review the literature on the role of the inflammasome in CoV infections, which includes how CoVs activate inflammasomes upon infection, the role of the inflammasome in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), how ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) activates the inflammasome, how the inflammasome plays a role in the systemic complications associated with COVID-19, and how the inflammasome is involved in the process of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the genus Betacoronavirus and the Coronaviridiae family responsible for infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and more recently, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). CoV infections present mainly as respiratory infections that lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, CoVs, such as COVID-19, also present as a hyperactivation of the inflammatory response that results in increased production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and its downstream molecule IL-6. The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in the activation of caspase-1 that leads to the activation of IL-1β in a variety of diseases and infections such as CoV infection and in different tissues such as lungs, brain, intestines and kidneys, all of which have been shown to be affected in COVID-19 patients. Here we review the literature regarding the mechanism of inflammasome activation by CoV infection, the role of the inflammasome in ARDS, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) as well as the potential mechanism by which the inflammasome may contribute to the damaging effects of inflammation in the cardiac, renal, digestive, and nervous systems in COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33149733/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583373 id: cord-322259-khknne8s author: de Roquetaillade, C. title: Unusual arterial thrombotic events in Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-10 words: 1318.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322259-khknne8s.txt summary: All patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and arterial thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. Patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (rt-PCR) and arterial thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. Reported arterial thrombotic events were acute coronary occlusions (n=9), stroke (n=6), limb ischemia (n=3), splenic infarcts (n=3), aortic thrombosis (n=2) activity tested in 2 patients was normal. In this multicentric serie of patients, severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was complicated with atypical severe arterial thrombotic events including acute coronary infarction, stroke, and limb ischemia not prevented by thromboprophylaxis. This statement is to certify that all authors have seen and approved the manuscript being submitted, have contributed significantly to the work, attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation, and agree to its submission to the International Journal of Cardiology. abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 infection is commonly complicated with pro-thrombotic state and endothelial dysfunction. While several studies reported a high incidence of venous thromboembolic events. The occurrence of arterial thromboses are yet rarely described and could be underestimated. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and biological characteristics of COVID-19 patients presenting with an associated arterial thromboembolic event. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicentric study in 3 centers between France and Italy. All patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and arterial thromboembolic events were included in the analysis. RESULTS: From March 8th to April 25th 2020, we identified 20 patients (24 events) with arterial thromboembolic events over 209 admitted patients (9.6%) with severe COVID-19 infection. Arterial thrombotic events included acute coronary occlusions (n = 9), stroke (n = 6), limb ischemia (n = 3), splenic infarcts (n = 3), aortic thrombosis (n = 2) and occlusive mesenteric ischemia (n = 1). At the time of the event, 10/20 (50%) of patients received thromboprohylaxis, 2/20 (10%) were receiving treatment dose anticoagulation and 5/20 (25%) were receiving antiplatelet therapy. CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that serious arterial thrombotic events might occur in Covid-19 patients. However, the exact incidence of such events and the best way to prevent them yet remains to be investigated. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.103 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.103 id: cord-255525-7w5u789h author: de Sales, Anderson Ribeiro title: The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding date: 2020-07-27 words: 999.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255525-7w5u789h.txt summary: title: The Reversed Halo Sign and COVID-19: Possible Histopathological Mechanisms Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding Related to the Appearance of this Imaging Finding El signo de halo invertido y la covid-19: Posibles mecanismos histopatológicos relacionados con la aparición de este hallazgo radiológico The disease presents challenging clinical, pathophysiological, laboratory, and histopathological aspects that have been the subject of research in practically all countries in the world. [1] [2] [3] Another tomographycal finding recently related to COVID-19 pneumonia is the reversed halo sign (RHS). Although some authors have reported the appearance of the RHS in later stages of the disease, during the evolution of the pulmonary infectious process, 1,2 other authors have described its presence in the first days after symptom onset. 12 This finding suggests that the disease course of COVID-19 might be similar to those of other viral infections, with early progression to organizing pneumonia and presentation of the RHS. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030028962030243X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.029 id: cord-322087-gj5mfzxz author: de Sanctis, Vincenzo title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents: An update on current clinical and diagnostic characteristics date: 2020-05-11 words: 4581.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322087-gj5mfzxz.txt summary: This paper summarises the current findings (April 3,2020) from a systematic literature review on the current knowledge of COVID-19 in adolescents (10-19 years according to the WHO definition) and reports the preliminary epidemiological data stated by the Italian National Institute of Health. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in stool specimens but according to WHO-China report, fecal-oral transmission did not appear to be a significant factor in the spread of infection (Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-2019. Detailed epidemiological information based on a larger sample of COVID-19 patients is needed to determine the infectious period of SARS-CoV-2, as well as whether transmission can occur from asymptomatic individuals during the incubation period ("pre-symptomatic" period). In a small number of case reports and studies, a familial cluster of infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 has been reported, indicating possible personto-person transmission during the incubation period (18, 19) . abstract: The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is defined as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, cough, breathing difficulty that may lead to respiratory distress; a small population of patients may have diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. The highest infection rate occurs in adults; however, neonates, children, and adolescents can also be infected. As the outbreak continues to spread worldwide, attention has switched toward determinants of clinical manifestations and disease severity. The situation surrounding the outbreak is rapidly evolving and the information and recommendations are changing as new information becomes available. This paper summarises the current findings (April 3,2020) from a systematic literature review on the current knowledge of COVID-19 in adolescents (10-19 years according to the WHO definition) and reports the preliminary epidemiological data stated by the Italian National Institute of Health. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420943/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9543 id: cord-349124-nhnl7zgi author: de Sandes‐Freitas, Tainá Veras title: Lessons from SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit date: 2020-07-13 words: 1193.0 sentences: 85.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349124-nhnl7zgi.txt summary: Evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers might transmit the SARS‐CoV‐2, challenging the implementation of transmission preventive strategies. We report a single‐center experience using universal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening for all inpatients and newly admitted patients to an Organ Transplant Unit located in a region with significantly high community‐based transmission. We will describe the experience of a single center of screening all inpatients and newly admitted patients to the Organ Transplant Unit. On March 31, 2020, a 43-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, hospitalized since March 23rd presented acute dyspnea and fever and was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (patient 1). We reported the COVID-19 screening strategy adopted by our center in a attempt to prevent nosocomial transmission and keep "clean" the Transplant Unit. Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in epidemic period: a case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients Lessons from SARS-CoV-2 screening in a Brazilian organ transplant unit abstract: Protecting immunosuppressed patients during infectious disease outbreaks is crucial. During this novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, preserving “clean areas” in hospitals assisting organ transplant recipients is key to protect them and to preserve transplantation activity. Evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers might transmit the SARS‐CoV‐2, challenging the implementation of transmission preventive strategies. We report a single‐center experience using universal SARS‐CoV‐2 screening for all inpatients and newly admitted patients to an Organ Transplant Unit located in a region with significantly high community‐based transmission. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13376 doi: 10.1111/tid.13376 id: cord-268455-btuzihsy author: de Santiago, Javier title: COVID-19: gynecologic cancer surgery at a single center in Madrid date: 2020-07-07 words: 2968.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268455-btuzihsy.txt summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical treatment of gynecological cancer patients during the COVID-19 outbreak in our center. During this period, the hospital was divided into two separate areas, independent of each other, assisting COVID-19 cases and at the same time allocating resources to surgical care, follow-up, or ongoing treatments of patients with cancer. Our study showed that we were able to safely manage 126 gynecological cancer surgeries in the COVID free zone during the pandemic, avoiding delays or cancellations. The number of low complexity surgeries with short hospital stays included in the study may have influenced the risk of postoperative contagion, and the fact that the PCR test before surgery was not performed in half of the patients due to low availability could have reduced the diagnosis of the infection. This study, conducted in a partial COVID-19 free hospital, showed that with adequate preventive and protective measures, cancer surgery was possible and did not significantly compromise patients or healthcare workers. abstract: OBJECTIVES: While numerous medical facilities have been forced to suspend oncological surgery due to system overload, debate has emerged on using non-surgical options on cancer cases during the pandemic. The goal of our study was to analyze, in a retrospective cohort study, the results of gynecological cancer surgery and evaluate postoperative complications in a single center in one of the most affected areas in Europe. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who were referred between March 2020 and May 2020 for primary surgical treatment of breast, endometrial, ovarian, cervical, or vulvar cancer. RESULTS: The study included a total of 126 patients. Median age was 60 years (range 29–89). Patients were referred with breast (76/126, 60.3%), endometrial (29/126, 23%), ovarian (14/126, 11.1%), cervical (5/126, 4%), or vulvar cancer (2/126, 1.6%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was only conducted in 50% of cases due to the low availability of tests during the first phase of our study, and was indicated only in suspected cases according to the healthcare authorities' protocol. Median hospital stay was 1 day (range 0–18). Excluding breast surgery, laparoscopy was the most used procedure (43/126, 34.1%). 15 patients had a postoperative complication (15/126, 11.9%); only in 2 patients (2/15 13.3%) were there reports of Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or 4 complications. 6 patients tested positive for COVID-19 following a PCR diagnostic test, and these surgeries were cancelled. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate protective measures in the setting of COVID-19 free institutions enabled the continuity of cancer surgery without significant compromise of the safety of patients or healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-001638 doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001638 id: cord-354699-u4s2r8gy author: de Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire title: Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health date: 2020-08-31 words: 3920.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354699-u4s2r8gy.txt summary: In this study, the following three epidemiological indicators were adopted as dependent variables: i) COVID-19 incidence rate/100 000 inhabitants, ii) COVID-19 mortality rate/1 million inhabitants, and iii) COVID19 In addition to these, the following 16 variables that make up the Social Vulnerability Atlas and that express the population''s living conditions were included: 1) illiteracy rate of people 18 years or elder, 2) illiteracy rate of people 25 years or elder, 3) income per capita of those vulnerable to poverty, 4) percentage of income from work, 5) Gini Index, 6) percentage of employees 18 years or older with a formal contract, 7) percentage of employees 18 years or elder without a formal contract, 8) percentage of public sector workers 18 years or elder, 9) percentage of self-employed workers 18 years or elder, 10) percentage of employers 18 years or elder, 11) degree of formality of the employed 18 years or elder, 12) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed primary education, 13) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed secondary education, 14) percentage of employed persons 18 years or older who have completed higher education, 15) average income of employed persons 18 years or elder, and 16) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder without income. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed in Brazil in February 2020. Since then, the disease has spread throughout the country, reaching the poorest areas. This study analyzes the relationship between COVID-19 and the population’s living conditions. We aimed to identify social determinants related to the incidence, mortality, and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Brazil, in 2020. METHODS: This is an ecological study evaluating the relationship between COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates and 49 social indicators of human development and social vulnerability. For the analysis, bivariate spatial correlation and multivariate and spatial regression models (spatial lag model and spatial error models) were used, considering a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A total of 44.8% of municipalities registered confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 14.7% had deaths. We observed that 56.2% of municipalities with confirmed cases had very low human development (COVID-19 incidence rate: 59.00/100 000; mortality rate: 36.75/1 000 000), and 52.8% had very high vulnerability (COVID-19 incidence rate: 41.68/100 000; mortality rate: 27.46/1 000 000). The regression model showed 17 indicators associated with transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Although COVID-19 first arrived in the most developed and least vulnerable municipalities in Brazil, it has already reached locations that are farther from large urban centers, whose populations are exposed to a context of intense social vulnerability. Based on these findings, it is necessary to adopt measures that take local social aspects into account in order to contain the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x id: cord-331888-lbtuvdv3 author: de Souza, Dalton Garcia Borges title: Forecasting COVID-19 cases at the Amazon region: a comparison of classical and machine learning models date: 2020-10-09 words: 2434.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331888-lbtuvdv3.txt summary: title: Forecasting COVID-19 cases at the Amazon region: a comparison of classical and machine learning models We compare the models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), random trees regressor (RTR), seasonal linear regression with change-points (Prophet), and simple logistic regression (SLR). We evaluate the models according to their capacity to forecast in different historical scenarios of the COVID-19 progression, such as exponential increases, sudden decreases, and stability periods of daily cases. Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), 43 random trees regressor (RT), seasonal linear regression with change-points (SLiR) and 44 simple logistic regression (SLR), which dictates the baseline performance in this study. Thus, in this paper, we compared classical and machine learning models to forecast 231 the evolution of COVID-19 in the state. Application of ARIMA and Holt-Winters forecasting model to predict 294 the spreading of COVID-19 for India and its states abstract: BACKGROUND Since the first reports of COVID-19, decision-makers have been using traditional epidemiological models to predict the days to come. However, the enhancement of computational power, the demand for adaptable predictive frameworks, the short past of the disease, and uncertainties related to input data and prediction rules, also make other classical and machine learning techniques viable options. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the efficiency of six models in forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17 days ahead. We compare the models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt-Winters, support vector regression (SVR), k-nearest neighbors regressor (KNN), random trees regressor (RTR), seasonal linear regression with change-points (Prophet), and simple logistic regression (SLR). MATERIAL AND METHODS We implement the models to data provided by the health surveillance secretary of Amapáa, a Brazilian state fully carved in the Amazon rainforest, which has been experiencing high infection rates. We evaluate the models according to their capacity to forecast in different historical scenarios of the COVID-19 progression, such as exponential increases, sudden decreases, and stability periods of daily cases. To do so, we use a rolling forward splitting approach for out-of-sample validation. We employ the metrics RMSE, R-squared, and sMAPE in evaluating the model in different cross-validation sections. FINDINGS All models outperform SLG, especially Holt-Winters, that performs satisfactorily in all scenarios. SVR and ARIMA have better performances in isolated scenarios. To implement the comparisons, we have created a web application, which is available online. CONCLUSION This work represents an effort to assist the decision-makers of Amapá in future decisions to come, especially under scenarios of sudden variations in the number of confirmed cases of Amapá, which would be caused, for instance, by new contamination waves or vaccination. It is also an attempt to highlight alternative models that could be used in future epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332908 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.09.332908 id: cord-306952-cpltrsa7 author: de Souza, Pedro Mansueto Melo title: Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil date: 2020-11-04 words: 1244.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306952-cpltrsa7.txt summary: title: Validation of verbal autopsy and nasopharyngeal swab collection for the investigation of deaths at home during the COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil Moreover, unlike most other Death Verification Services in Brazil, the SVO-RF also implemented a medical team that drives to the houses where the death occurred, to investigate cases where a clinical necropsy was not indicated, such as with patients with advanced cancer diagnoses or other chronic terminal illnesses that die at home, without any home care program. All deaths from this period were investigated through physician-certified verbal autopsies (PCVA), external body examination, and collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples in cases of suspected COVID-19, with the 3 SVO-Mobile teams moving to their homes while continuing to receive bodies at headquarters. Among the 2,115 household deaths in this period, 353 (16.69%) cases had clinical-epidemiological criteria for suspected COVID-19, with the weekly variation starting from 0.00% in the first 2 weeks studied, up to 37.71% in the 20th EW (Table 1) . Secretaria de Vigilâ ncia em Saúde. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008830 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008830 id: cord-299544-r3cqvf0c author: de Souza, T. H. title: Clinical Manifestations of Children with COVID-19: a Systematic Review date: 2020-04-03 words: 2582.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299544-r3cqvf0c.txt summary: Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were: (1) studied patients younger than 18 years old; (2) presented original data from cases of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; and (3) contained descriptions of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests or radiological examinations. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049833 doi: medRxiv preprint children infected with SARS-CoV-2 may not meet all the criteria required in the suspected case definition. The following data were extracted, when available, from each elected article: first author, publication year, study design, number of cases, gender, age, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological examinations and outcomes (discharged, still hospitalized or death). In our study, we described the main clinical, laboratorial and radiological characteristics of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 reported in the literature. A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study abstract: Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an unprecedented global public health challenge, leading to thousands of deaths every day worldwide. Despite the epidemiological importance, clinical patterns of children with COVID-19 remain unclear. Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratorial and radiological characteristics of children with COVID-19. Data Sources: The Medline database was searched between December 1st 2019 and March 30th 2020. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were: (1) studied patients younger than 18 years old; (2) presented original data from cases of COVID-19 confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; and (3) contained descriptions of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests or radiological examinations. Data Extraction: Number of cases, gender, age, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological examinations and outcomes. Results: A total of 34 studies (1,118 cases) were included. From all the cases, 1,111 had their severity classified: 14.3% were asymptomatic, 36.4% were mild, 46.0% were moderate, 2.2% were severe and 1.2% were critical. The most prevalent symptom was fever (16.3%), followed by cough (14.4%), nasal symptoms (3.6%), diarrhea (2.7%) and nausea/vomiting (2.5%). One hundred forty-five (12.9%) children were diagnosed with pneumonia and 43 (3.8%) upper airway infections were reported. Reduced lymphocyte count were reported in 13.1% of cases. Abnormalities on computed tomography was reported in 62.7% of cases. The most prevalent abnormalities reported were ground glass opacities, patchy shadows and consolidations. Only one death was reported. Conclusions: Clinical manifestations of children with COVID-19 differ widely from adults cases. Fever and respiratory symptoms should not be considered a hallmark of COVID-19 in children. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.01.20049833v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.01.20049833 id: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf author: de Vries, A. A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists date: 2020-07-15 words: 9182.0 sentences: 433.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 particles/components have been detected in, for example, endothelial cells, the digestive tract and the liver, not all extrarespiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are necessarily caused by direct viral injury but may also be the consequence of the hypoxaemia, (hyper)inflammatory response, neuroendocrine imbalance and other pathophysiological changes induced by the airway infection [43] . Factors that may contribute to the thrombophilia observed in severely ill COVID-19 patients include the following: (1) a disturbed balance between pro-and anticoagulant activities due to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of complement, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and activation of platelets; (2) inflammation-related endothelial activation; (3) death of SARS-CoV-2-infected endothelial cells; (4) endothelial dysfunction caused by unbalanced angiotensin IIangiotensin II type-1 receptor signalling; (5) formation of prothrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies; (6) immobility-associated reduction of blood flow; (7) hypoxia due to respiratory impairment resulting from SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury [79] [80] [81] . abstract: In the late autumn of 2019, a new potentially lethal human coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The pandemic spread of this zoonotic virus has created a global health emergency and an unprecedented socioeconomic crisis. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by SARS-CoV‑2, is highly variable. Most patients (~85%) develop no or mild symptoms, while others become seriously ill, some succumbing to disease-related complications. In this review, the SARS-CoV‑2 life cycle, its transmission and the clinical and immunological features of COVID-19 are described. In addition, an overview is presented of the virological assays for detecting ongoing SARS-CoV‑2 infections and the serological tests for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection. Also discussed are the different approaches to developing a COVID-19 vaccine and the perspectives of treating COVID-19 with antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory agents and anticoagulants/antithrombotics. Finally, the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are briefly touched upon. While there is still much to learn about SARS-CoV‑2, the tremendous recent advances in biomedical technology and knowledge and the huge amount of research into COVID-19 raise the hope that a remedy for this disease will soon be found. COVID-19 will nonetheless have a lasting impact on human society. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-020-01475-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01475-1 doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01475-1 id: cord-321598-ae241pmd author: de Vries, A.P.J. title: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands date: 2020-05-01 words: 2280.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321598-ae241pmd.txt summary: Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning but not limited to organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. In less than 60 days, despite increasingly stringent measures of the Dutch government to halt the spread of the infection, 28, 153 individuals have tested positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), 9,127 patients have been admitted to hospitals across the country (of which 2,508 in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) [4] ) and 3,134 have died, according to RIVM (National Institute for Public health and the Environment, April 15, 2020). To facilitate extra time needed for recipient test results to become available, allocation for liver, heart and lung transplantation is initiated before donor SARS-CoV-2 screening is known (Table 1A) . abstract: The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented and poses an unparalleled obstacle in the sixty-five year history of organ transplantation. Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. The transplant community is faced with choosing a lesser of two evils: initiating immunosuppression and potentially accepting detrimental outcome when transplant recipients develop COVID-19 versus postponing transplantation and accepting associated waitlist mortality. Notably, prioritization of health care services for COVID-19 care raises concerns about allocation of resources to deliver care for transplant patients who might otherwise have excellent 1-year and 10-year survival rates. Children and young adults with end-stage organ disease in particular seem more disadvantaged by withholding transplantation because of capacity issues than from medical consequences of SARS-CoV-2. This report details the nationwide response of the Dutch transplant community to these issues and the immediate consequences for transplant activity. Worrisome, there was a significant decrease in organ donation numbers affecting all organ transplant services. In addition, there was a detrimental effect on transplantation numbers in children with end-organ failure. Ongoing efforts focus on mitigation of not only primary but also secondary harm of the pandemic and to find right definitions and momentum to restore the transplant programs. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trim.2020.101304 doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101304 id: cord-334694-7pjoaj37 author: de Vroege, Lars title: UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-13 words: 549.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334694-7pjoaj37.txt summary: title: UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic 2 However, the continuing huge pressure on mental health care professionals warrants the supporting of their mental health but regretfully, this topic received little attention. Others addressed important topics, 1,2 but since it is uncertain when the COVID-19 pandemic ends, the workload for health care professionals will continue to be high. 5-8 Measures to prevent or support mental health of professionals in health care are limited, which is worrying because 25% of the general population reported decreased mental health during the pandemic. 9 Some initiatives were developed to support the mental health of professionals in health care (e.g. World Health Organization). Mental support for the health care professional is necessary to prevent burnout and realize quick recovery when necessary, so more attention to this topic is pivotal. Don''t Forget about Yourself When Taking Care of Others": Mental Health Support for Health Care Professionals during the COVID-19 Crisis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa107 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa107 id: cord-031232-6cv8n2bf author: de Weck, Olivier title: Handling the COVID‐19 crisis: Toward an agile model‐based systems approach date: 2020-08-27 words: 7906.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031232-6cv8n2bf.txt summary: In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. 34 In order to take into account and to avoid such paradoxical consequences, one must choose a systems approach to analyze the COVID-19 crisis, integrating all existing domains of knowledge into a common understanding of the crisis, in order to obtain a global vision, both in space and time and at different possible observation scales, and thus giving a chance to find the global optimum for human society as a whole. • The lifecycle of the social system can be analyzed to first order in terms of wealth and health, where these features can be, respectively, In a systems approach, we will thus have to construct the different possible global lifecycle scenarios that can be achieved in this way (see Figure 4 for an illustration of this classical process), to evaluate their probabilities and to define means to mitigate the worst consequences. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caught many nations by surprise and has already caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. It has also exposed a deep crisis in modeling and exposed a lack of systems thinking by focusing mainly on only the short term and thinking of this event as only a health crisis. In this paper, authors from several of the key countries involved in COVID‐19 propose a holistic systems model that views the problem from a perspective of human society including the natural environment, human population, health system, and economic system. We model the crisis theoretically as a feedback control problem with delay, and partial controllability and observability. Using a quantitative model of the human population allows us to test different assumptions such as detection threshold, delay to take action, fraction of the population infected, effectiveness and length of confinement strategies, and impact of earlier lifting of social distancing restrictions. Each conceptual scenario is subject to 1000+ Monte‐Carlo simulations and yields both expected and surprising results. For example, we demonstrate through computational experiments that maintaining strict confinement policies for longer than 60 days may indeed be able to suppress lethality below 1% and yield the best health outcomes, but cause economic damages due to lost work that could turn out to be counterproductive in the long term. We conclude by proposing a hierarchical Computerized, Command, Control, and Communications (C4) information system and enterprise architecture for COVID‐19 with real‐time measurements and control actions taken at each level. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461451/ doi: 10.1002/sys.21557 id: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title: Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date: 2020-07-31 words: 7479.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt summary: This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties'' criticism of the government''s management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population''s insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world. abstract: COVID-19 has changed our lives forever. The world we knew until now has been transformed and nowadays we live in a completely new scenario in a perpetual restructuring transition, in which the way we live, relate, and communicate with others has been altered permanently. Within this context, risk communication is playing a decisive role when informing, transmitting, and channeling the flow of information in society. COVID-19 has posed a real pandemic risk management challenge in terms of impact, preparedness, response, and mitigation by governments, health organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), mass media, and stakeholders. In this study, we monitored the digital ecosystems during March and April 2020, and we obtained a sample of 106,261 communications through the analysis of APIs and Web Scraping techniques. This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155542 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155542 id: cord-321380-e5zq15hz author: del Campo, P. Lázaro title: No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient undergoing allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation from a matched-related donor with unknown COVID-19 date: 2020-08-24 words: 1883.0 sentences: 122.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321380-e5zq15hz.txt summary: In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, applied to our case, the low concentration of viral RNA in plasma of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 [5] , and a theoretical inefficacy of SARS-CoV-2 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f to replicate inside lymphocytes could support the safety of blood products, including peripheral blood hematopoietic cells. abstract: The Hematology Department and its Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) program implemented several measures during COVID-19 outbreak in order to keep clinical activities with the maximum security for both donors and recipients. Nevertheless, there was a lack of evidence whether blood products and specifically bone marrow can cause transfusion-transmitted infection. Initially, there were many uncertainties and did not exist formal recommendations. Before official statements were available, we performed an allogeneic HCT in a 57-year-old male from a related matched donor in the incubation period of COVID-19 where the patient did not develop the disease. Actual epidemiology data suggest that transmission may occur early in the course of infection, even from asymptomatic patients in the incubation period. In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The low concentration of viral RNA in plasma of patients with COVID-19 could support the safety of blood products, including peripheral blood hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, blood products including hematopoietic stem cells are safe in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32928663/ doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102921 id: cord-315693-w60craan author: del Pilar Estevez-Diz, Maria title: Management of cervical cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenge for developing countries date: 2020-06-17 words: 2860.0 sentences: 151.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315693-w60craan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315693-w60craan.txt summary: Cervical cancer is concentrated mainly in low-middle income countries (LMICs), which face particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the scarcity of health resources in many places. Considering this, as well as the global efforts to minimise the overwhelming of health services in general, many cancer centres and oncology societies have been discussing the need for clinic visits and oncologic treatment procedures in different scenarios; however, many malignancies represent a considerable threat to patients'' lives and treatment delays may impact oncologic outcomes. Thus, management recommendations should be adapted considering many factors, including the type of cancer, type of oncologic treatment, COVID-19 incidence on the location, and availability of health care facilities. Follow-up visits after curative treatment-in case of asymptomatic patients, clinic visits can be postponed or replaced for telemedicine Moreover, as another strategy to decrease health services burden, surgical staging for locally advanced cervical cancer should be avoided. abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health services worldwide are going through important adaptations to assist patients infected with COVID-19, at the same time as continuing to provide assistance to other potentially life-threatening diseases. Although patients with cancer may be at increased risk for severe events related to COVID-19 infection, their oncologic treatments frequently cannot be delayed for long periods without jeopardising oncologic outcomes. Considering this, a careful consideration for treatment management of different malignancies is required. Cervical cancer is concentrated mainly in low-middle income countries (LMICs), which face particular challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the scarcity of health resources in many places. Although cervical cancer is the fourth cause of cancer death among women, it receives little attention from international Oncology societies and scientific research studies. In this review paper, we discuss the cervical cancer landscape and provide specialists recommendations for its management during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly focused on LMICs’ reality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582375/ doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1060 id: cord-277248-7qnymo98 author: dos Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso title: Severe coronavirus infection in pregnancy: challenging cases report date: 2020-07-13 words: 2806.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277248-7qnymo98.txt summary: This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. This study reports three cases of COVID-19 comprising pregnant women with severe respiratory failure and evaluates the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in obstetric clinics in Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. The newborns were premature in two of the three cases due to the need to perform the C-section, but none of the newborns presented symptoms of infection, and all three tested negative for COVID-19 using RT-PCR that tested nasopharyngeal secretions. An analysis of 38 Pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: There are few data on the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy, however, analyzing these data is important to guide the clinical practice, covering the early prevention, detection, patients’ isolation, epidemiological investigation, diagnosis and early treatment. This is a report of three cases of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions collected in swabs from pregnant women in the city of Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil. In the three cases, all the patients presented with fever, one had shortness of breath, one had diarrhea, two of them reported abdominal pain and two of them had cough. The three patients progressed with a severe clinical evolution of COVID-19. The permanence in the intensive care unit (ICU) was more than 10 days. Two of them recovered and one remained in the ICU with irreversible refractory shock, multiple organ failure and died. The mode of delivery was individualized and based on the obstetric indication and severity of the maternal infection, and the cesarean section was indicated in the two severe maternal COVID-19 cases that evolved favorably. These newborns were premature and tested negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. url: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062049 id: cord-296579-oa67njov author: d’Ettorre, Gabriella title: Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report date: 2020-09-04 words: 2745.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296579-oa67njov.txt summary: Hence, this study aims to compare type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. LESSONS: These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/β-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals. [1] Despite high number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 globally (about 37 million) and higher severity impact for certain viral infections in this category, [2] severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)/HIV-1 coinfection has been described in few cases. This study reports a severe case of SARS-CoV-2 in a black female patient co-infected by HIV-1 under protease inhibitors (PI) regimen, who was treated with hydroxychloroquine. Because of the key role of chronic immune activation and persistent IFN-I response in driving HIV-1 disease, [8, 9] we evaluated IFNa and IFNb gene expression and T cell activation levels in patient with SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection. abstract: RATIONALE: Complex immune dysregulation in interferon (IFN) and T cell response has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected patients as well as in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)/HIV-1 coinfection has been described in only few cases worldwide and no data are available on immunological outcomes in HIV-1-patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, this study aims to compare type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection, ten HIV-1-positive women and five age-matched-healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. DIAGNOSES: SARS-CoV-2 infection caused severe pneumonia in the second week of illness in HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors. Chest high-resolution computed tomography images of the SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected patient showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. INTERVENTIONS: SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient under darunavir/cobicistat regimen received a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. Analysis of IFNα/β mRNA levels and CD4 and CD8 T cell (CD38, human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR], CD38 HLA-DR) frequencies were performed by RT/real-time PCR assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Median relative difference (MRD) was calculated for each immunological variable. For values greater than reference, MRD should be a positive number and for values that are smaller, MRD should be negative. OUTCOMES: The severe pneumonia observed in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors was reversed by a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. At the end of treatment, on day 7, patient reported resolution of fever, normalization of respiratory rate (14 breaths/min), and improved oxygen arterial pressure with a F(i)O(2) of 30%. MRD values for IFNα/β and CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing CD38 and/or HLA-DR found in SARS-CoV-2-/HIV-1-coinfected woman were approximatively equal to 0 when refereed respectively to HIV-1-positive female patients [MRDs IFNα/β: median −0.2545 (range: −0.5/0.1); T cells: median −0.11 (range: −0.8/1.3)] and ≥ 6 when referred to healthy individuals [MRDs IFNα/β: median 28.45 (range: 15/41.9); T cells: median 10 (range 6/22)]. LESSONS: These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/β-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32899009/ doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021803 id: cord-025619-vtk2ujx9 author: nan title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine increase risk of death in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-30 words: 242.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025619-vtk2ujx9.txt summary: Two months ago, the WHO initiated the Solidarity Trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of four drugs and drug combinations against COVID-19, said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, at a media briefing on COVID-19 on 25 May 2020. However, after the results of the above observational trial were published in The Lancet, the Executive Group of the Solidarity Trial met and agreed "to review a comprehensive analysis and critical appraisal of all evidence available globally," said the Director-General. The Executive Group has implemented a temporary pause of the hydroxychloroquine arm within the Solidarity Trial while the safety data is reviewed by the Data Safety Monitoring Board, but the other treatment arms are continuing. "This concern relates to the use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis WHO Director-General''s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -25 abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256923/ doi: 10.1007/s40278-020-79019-x id: cord-029332-yn603pvb author: nan title: Full Issue PDF date: 2020-07-15 words: 11306.0 sentences: 633.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt summary: Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3); transient atrioventricular block in the absence of myocarditis (4); sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation (5) ; and finally a provocative report on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . In addition to cases of direct myocardial injury, some with pathological evidence, we also present 2 cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (16, 17) Two cases highlight the special circumstances faced by patients with left ventricular assist devices (18, 19) , which include the inability to tolerate prone positioning to augment respiratory support because of the mechanical equipment and the hypothesis that mechanical circulatory support may provide a type of protection against the most serious hemodynamic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363418/ doi: 10.1016/s2666-0849(20)30838-x id: cord-029545-fspjpmsr author: nan title: Council of International Neonatal Nurses (COINN) News page date: 2020-07-22 words: 4971.0 sentences: 273.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029545-fspjpmsr.txt summary: (NNAP, 2019) As such, neonatal units around the world began to close their doors to parents and extended family, in an attempt to protect infants and minimise potential sickness in the number of healthcare professionals available to care for them. Neonatal nurses had to quickly adapt to this situation to provide the best care possible to the families whilst ensuring the safety of all babies on the unit, their colleagues and their own families. Over the next few editions of the JNN, we will present the experiences of neonatal nurses from around the world, and how they have adapted their practices to ensure family centred care remains at the heart of what we do. Working together with other scientific societies and the government of Spain, a document generated is "Management of pregnant women and new-borns with COVID-19" (Gobierno de España -Ministerio de Sanidad, 2020b), a reference document for health professionals associated with perinatal care in our country. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7375791/ doi: 10.1016/j.jnn.2020.05.007 id: cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author: nan title: Dear Editor, date: 2020-08-19 words: 994.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt summary: authors: nan Despite the observation that elderly subjects are more susceptible to severe illness, probably due to underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases, 1,2 literature concerning geriatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia remained very scant. We included in this analysis 118 consecutive patients; data on clinical and demographic characteristics, blood test results and COVID-19-related treatments were collected. Elderly patients have higher levels of inflammatory blood tests at the time of admission in the emergency department; in particular, elevated d-dimer levels was an independent predictor of mortality, confirming the close correlation between this parameter and the severity of COVID-19 disease. In conclusion, our study confirms that the majority of elderly subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia have an unfavorable outcome, especially in the very first days after admission. Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7437568/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.023 id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 words: 28248.0 sentences: 1347.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt summary: Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450147/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00493-2 id: cord-031418-ucdu4btq author: nan title: Nervenschäden schon bei milden COVID-19-Verläufen? date: 2020-09-04 words: 227.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031418-ucdu4btq.txt summary: key: cord-031418-ucdu4btq authors: nan cord_uid: ucdu4btq nan F Welche Auswirkungen SARS-CoV-2 auf das Nervensystem hat, ist noch immer unklar. In sehr seltenen Fällen wurden Virusenzephalitiden mit einem Nachweis des neuen Coronavirus im Liquor oder im Hirnparenchym Verstorbener beschrieben, meist scheinen die neurologischen Effekte aber nicht auf einer direkten Virusinvasion des Nervengewebes zu beruhen. So werden die häufig auftretenden Geruchsstörungen eher einer Schädigung des Nasenepithels zugeschrieben, Schlaganfälle auf Koagulationsstörungen und Vaskulitiden. Dennoch gibt es immer wieder Hinweise, wonach die Viren auch direkt Nervenzellen schädigen. Auch hier gingen stationäre Aufnahme und schwerer Verlauf primär mit hohem Alter, einer progredienten MS sowie weiteren Begleiterkrankungen einher, nicht jedoch mit der Art der MS-Therapie. Association of neuronal injury blood marker neurofilament light chain with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs Patients With Influenza Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Ischemic Stroke. The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472668/ doi: 10.1007/s00739-020-00661-5 id: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 words: 264.0 sentences: 27.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt summary: key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan cord_uid: ygtbuy4k This is highlighted by preliminary findings in a recent study demonstrating the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, but showing no benefit in those not requiring respiratory support. 4 Furthermore, our study 5 demonstrated a ''''dose-response,'''' with greater degrees of respiratory allergy being associated with larger reductions in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in the nasal epithelium, and the impact of suppressing type 2 inflammation in these individuals is not currently known. SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 The names were shown as Gregori Silvia, PhD, and Aiuti Alessandro, MD, PhD. The first and last names of both authors were inadvertently reversed and should be Silvia Gregori abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640884/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.023 id: cord-284093-w2ppj0yz author: nan title: Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face date: 2020-04-16 words: 1855.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284093-w2ppj0yz.txt summary: De façon gé né rale, les « professionnels de santé classé s comme sujets contacts au COVID-19 et ne pré sentant pas de symptôme, peuvent poursuivre leur activité ». Pour tous ces praticiens, la prise de risque est ré elle au moment : de l''examen endobuccal aidé d''un abaisse-langue, d''un miroir d''examen, d''une pré celle ou d''une sonde ; des rhinoscopies anté rieures ; des fibroscopies et endoscopies des voies aé rodigestives supé rieures ; des intubations ; des soins dentaires et prothé tiques ; des avulsions dentaires ; des gestes opé ratoires de la cavité orale (des dents et des mâchoires). Si l''examen ou l''intervention chirurgicale de patients infecté s par le COVID-19 ou suspects d''une telle infection (toux, dyspné e, fiè vre) n''est pas indispensable en urgence, il faut reporter cet examen ou ce geste. Recommandations relatives à la pré vention et à la prise en charge du COVID-19 chez les patients à risque de formes sé vè res abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2020.03.012 doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2020.03.012 id: cord-286408-bhrrb5s7 author: nan title: Medical sequelae of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-15 words: 1201.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286408-bhrrb5s7.txt summary: authors: nan The lung is the most frequently affected organ in the acute phase of the disease, and epidemics due to other coronaviruses such as Sars-CoV and Mer-CoV have shown that pulmonary fibrosis can persist after the initial infection. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a frequent consequence of respiratory distress observed in the acute phase of the disease. Heart failure, myocardial necrosis, and arrythmia persist after the acute phase and require a prolonged monitoring and an appropriate treatment. Brain damage may be directly related to the virus or more often the consequence of prolonged anoxia in patients on artificial ventilation, strokes, or an autoimmune syndrome such as an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis which, if accompanied by peripheral disorders and affecting the diaphragm, can aggravate respiratory disorders. Patients apparently recovering from the acute episode have been found to require prolonged convalescence or to complain of new symptoms after a period of remission. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952180/ doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.005 id: cord-289399-ij23mvma author: nan title: Facing the future—what lessons could we learn from Covid-19? date: 2020-05-13 words: 1184.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289399-ij23mvma.txt summary: In this issue, there are articles on a range of public health issues including two systematic reviews: one reviewing the association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident 3 and the other a review of physical and psychological health and wellbeing of older women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Rufai and Bunce 8 in their article analysing the content of world leaders'' usage of Twitter in response to the pandemic warn that while Twitter may be a powerful tool, caution needs to be exercised when using Twitter for health information. However, now is possibly the time to learn lessons from the experiences of living through a pandemic. The small state of Kerala in South India has received international praise for the ''Kerala model'' of dealing with Covid-19; 9 ''the system had e ective protocols in place, and stuck to the time-tested strategy of case isolation and contact-tracing, combined with an alert community surveillance system''. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa061 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa061 id: cord-297286-bo6pr34s author: nan title: Medical conferences in the post-COVID world: a challenge, and an opportunity date: 2020-05-16 words: 1304.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297286-bo6pr34s.txt summary: Like all involved clinicians, radiologists have had to learn the features of the disease as they apply to our practice, including typical and atypical radiologic findings, appropriate use of imaging techniques (depending on available resources) and a correlation of findings with other clinical and laboratory data [6, 8, 9] . Future online (or hybrid) conferences must find or invent new methods of allowing discussions and interactions involving remote participants during all sessions, to create the same sense of community and collective learning that can be felt during successful on-site events. This will not be easy, but making this necessary shift successfully will establish a new standard for what defines medical conference success in the future. Scientific meetings must change their structure to survive, and successful societies in the future will be those which embraced this new circumstance, and adapted early. The radiology department during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenging, radical change abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32417951/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06933-3 id: cord-322205-vui1jh2v author: nan title: Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 words: 112.0 sentences: 15.0 pages: flesch: 83.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322205-vui1jh2v.txt summary: key: cord-322205-vui1jh2v authors: nan title: Images from the Frontlines of the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-08-17 journal: Anesthesiology DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003513 sha: doc_id: 322205 cord_uid: vui1jh2v nan Staff nurse Natasha Singh sits on a bench outside a COVID-19 ward. She is nearing the end of her shift and is tired beyond words, and thus takes a moment to sit down and catch her breath. However, there is work to be done and she does the necessary documentation work before the end of her shift. A self-portrait wearing personal protective equipment. Photo credits (page XX): Top row, left to right: self-portrait of Carlos Borba All India Institute of Medical Science abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003513 doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003513 id: cord-325319-4n2g87hx author: nan title: Read, use and cite date: 2020-09-29 words: 1470.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325319-4n2g87hx.txt summary: are locations where research can be published without peer review and simply stay there to be read by the world. The work can subsequently be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and, even if the submission is rejected, the research can remain on the pre-print server. I suspect we will look back on these times and say that COVID-19 was when academic publishing changed. Thanks to the rush to be published during the pandemic, journals seem to be falling over each other to publish papers on COVID-19. The letter declared that both surgical and cotton masks were ineffective in preventing dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the coughs of patients with COVID-19, to the environment and external mask surface. Pre-print servers, which are not peer-reviewed, are dictating policy and may sometimes be the first port of call for those who wish to be updated on current research. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnaa032 doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnaa032 id: cord-326526-evms6810 author: nan title: Practice Notes from the AAAI date: 2020-06-30 words: 1414.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326526-evms6810.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326526-evms6810.txt summary: Visit the AAAAI COVID-19 resources page regularly for updated information to help you and your practice navigate the quickly changing situation and to access the aforementioned resources. 99441 e [Telephone evaluation and management service by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional who may report evaluation and management services provided to an established patient, parent, or guardian not originating from a related E/M service provided within the previous seven days nor leading to an E/M service or procedure within the next 24 hours or soonest available appointment; Five-10 minutes of medical discussion.] 99442 e 11-20 minutes 99443 e 21 minutes or more If you have a coding question of your own, send it to coding@ aaaai.org. The authors of all posters, oral abstract presentations, and case reports originally scheduled for the 2020 AAAAI Annual Meeting were invited to submit their work to be featured in the Virtual Poster Hall.* The posters and oral abstracts are displayed based on their slotting in the Annual Meeting program. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219820304323 doi: 10.1016/s2213-2198(20)30432-3 id: cord-327595-00fxzyhq author: nan title: American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Assisted Living Facilities date: 2020-05-14 words: 3214.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327595-00fxzyhq.txt summary: This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society''s (AGS''s) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. ALFs, other congregate living settings (eg, NHs, residential care facilities for older adults, continuing care retirement communities), and home healthcare agencies (eg, Visiting Nurse Association) must be included as priorities when estimating what is needed for the US coordinated response to COVID-19. For older adults residing in ALFs and other congregate living settings, screening for COVID-19 will be particularly important for protecting the health and safety of their communities. This includes the ability to isolate or cohort the resident(s) separately from the rest of the community and provide dedicated staff to meet increased care needs for people with COVID-19. abstract: This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Societyʼs (AGSʼs) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. It focuses on the need for personal protective equipment, access to testing, public health support for infection control, and workforce training. The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer‐reviewed articles, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance or actions as of April 15, 2020. Joining a separate AGS policy brief on COVID‐19 in nursing homes (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16477), this brief is focused on ALFs, given that varied structure and staffing can impact their response to COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16510 doi: 10.1111/jgs.16510 id: cord-331442-ztzug9j4 author: nan title: Introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid −19)()() date: 2020-04-19 words: 331.0 sentences: 28.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331442-ztzug9j4.txt summary: We read the publication on "Covid-19 pandemic and the skin -What should dermatologists know" with great interest. 1,2 Doctors, nurses, laboratory workers, and other related medical staff have emerged as the new soldiers in every country, amid growing cases of Covid-19 across the world. During this new coronavirus epidemic treatment process, protective device-related pressure injuries and deep indentations among front-line medical staff have frequently been reported to have been caused by wearing facial protective equipment for long hours. 1,2 Protective gear is well sealed against the skin, and high-intensity work of medical staff will generate a lot of sweat. Covid-19 pandemic and the skin -What should dermatologists know? Letter from the Editor: Occupational skin disease among healthcare workers during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic Nursing strategies for skin injuries caused by facial medical grade protective equipment Medical Device Related pressure ulcers in Hospitalized patients abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0738081X20300742 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.04.009 id: cord-331785-ljsd8qld author: nan title: A Systematic Framework to Rapidly Obtain Data on Patients with Cancer and COVID-19:CCC19 Governance, Protocol, and Quality Assurance date: 2020-10-29 words: 2713.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331785-ljsd8qld.txt summary: Future directions include increased electronic health record integration for direct data ingestion, expansion to additional domestic and international sites, more intentional patient involvement, and granular analyses of still-unanswered questions related to cancer subtypes and treatments. In addition to the steering committee, operational subcommittees include publications (to establish authorship guidelines for projects utilizing CCC19 data and/or resources), funding (to identify sources of funding for the consortium, disseminate this information to consortium members, and assist in the writing and critical revision of grants), epidemiology and biostatistics (to establish guidelines and provide support to investigators in designing and executing studies with the highest rigor, reproducibility, and impact), informatics (to develop and maintain the survey instrument[s] and oversee standardization of the data model, integration of data directly from EHRs, and visualization of data), and patient advocacy (to engage with cancer patient communities and advocacy networks and to coordinate with parties reaching out to CCC19). abstract: When the COVID-19 pandemic began, formal frameworks to collect data about affected patients were lacking. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) was formed to collect granular data on patients with cancer and COVID-19 at scale and as rapidly as possible. CCC19 has grown from five initial institutions to 125 institutions with >400 collaborators. More than 5,000 cases with complete baseline data have been accrued. Future directions include increased electronic health record integration for direct data ingestion, expansion to additional domestic and international sites, more intentional patient involvement, and granular analyses of still-unanswered questions related to cancer subtypes and treatments. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1535610820305535 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.10.022 id: cord-332245-yfj1kkj7 author: nan title: SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ1 date: 2020-06-10 words: 2336.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332245-yfj1kkj7.txt summary: aktuell Infektiologie SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen Ein Literaturüberblick der AG Infektiologie der ÖGKJ 1 F Im Dezember 2019 kam es in der chinesischen Region Hubei zum gehäuften Auftreten von Pneumoniefällen unbekannter Ätiologie [1] . Allerdings waren in dieser Altersgruppe knapp 80 % der Fälle lediglich Verdachtsfälle (ohne SARS-CoV-2-Laborbestätigung), sodass die Autoren davon ausgehen, dass ein nicht unbeträchtlicher Teil dieser schweren Verläufe durch andere Viren (v. Jedoch zeigten sich in einer diesen Kohorten vermehrte fetale Komplikationen wie Frühgeburtlichkeit oder respiratorischer Stress, wobei der direkte Zusammenhang mit SARS-CoV-2 nicht geklärt ist. So muss natürlich auf neonatalen Intensivstationen damit gerechnet werden, dass aufgrund einer SARS-CoV-2-Erkrankung der Mutter eine prämature Entbindung indiziert wird und die Frühgeborenen behandelt werden müssen. Bei den wenigen detaillierten Berichten über spezifische Symptome bei Kindern mit COVID-19 wird Fieber in 40-100 % und Husten in 40-100 % der symptomatischen Fälle beschrieben [7, 8, [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] . Bisher gibt es keine zugelassenen Medikamente zur Therapie von COVID-19 bei Erwachsenen und Kindern [32] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536725/ doi: 10.1007/s00608-020-00794-1 id: cord-333462-h6czvcyq author: nan title: COVID-19 olfactory screening test using trained dogs date: 2020-09-15 words: 724.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333462-h6czvcyq.txt summary: The idea of using dog olfactory tests to detect patients suffering from COVID-19 has been considered by multidisciplinary teams (veterinarians, physicians, biologists, dog handlers) to meet the worldwide demand for a rapid, simple, non-invasive, sensitive and specific screening test that can reduce the workload of medical biology laboratories. First results obtained by a German and a French team, using new medical biology olfactory tests, show that trained DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.018. The French study of the National Veterinary School of Alfort (projet NOSAÏS), using axillary sweat considered as non-contaminating, obtained similar results with 8 dogs and 368 tests: 4 dogs were 100% effective, the other 4 were 83%, 84%, 90% and 94% effective [4] . Given the promising results of these various olfactory tests obtained with dogs trained in respect of animal welfare, the National Academy of Medicine and the Veterinary Academy of France recommend: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952195/ doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.09.019 id: cord-335597-anrzcsrt author: nan title: 44. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie date: 2020-10-26 words: 14629.0 sentences: 921.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335597-anrzcsrt.txt summary: Conclusions: In this study assessing the prognostic relevance of pulmonary exercise hemodynamics in patients with systemic sclerosis, PVR and TPR at peak exercise as well as mPAP/CO-slope and TPG/CO-slope turned out as age-independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Later-line treatment with lorlatinib in ALKand ROS1-rearrangement-positive NSCLC: a retrospective, multicenter analysis Background: Anti-fibrotic medication is effective in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD), but a subgroup of fibrotic ILD patients also benefits from immunomodulatory therapies. Methods: HRCT of 127 subsequent single-center ILDboard patients (mean age 65 (standard deviation 14) years, 65 % male), were evaluated for radiological findings considered noninflammatory (reticulation including honeycombing (RET), traction bronchiectasis (TBR), emphysema (EMP)) or active inflammatory (consolidations (CON), ground glass opacities (GGO), noduli (NDL), mosaic attenuation (MOS)) in 6 distinct lung regions. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-020-01745-3 doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01745-3 id: cord-335918-uc225mhn author: nan title: COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network date: 2020-04-09 words: 1484.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335918-uc225mhn.txt summary: Representatives from multiple cancer, surgical and research organizations have come together to provide a guide for triaging patients with thoracic malignancies, as the impact of COVID-19 evolves as each hospital. Thoracic oncology decisions are further complicated by the fact most of the patients with lung, esophageal and other thoracic malignancies would be considered to be a "high risk" group for poor outcomes with COVID-19 (advanced age, emphysema, heart disease). We have assembled a document to offer guidance, intended to facilitate these difficult decisions when caring for patients with thoracic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic (Table 1) . There are nuances to each patient''s management approach (i.e. proceeding with surgery, delaying surgery, or pursuing alternative treatment) that will impact risk tolerance for both patient and surgeon. Effects of Delayed Surgical Resection on Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes in Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer abstract: Abstract The extraordinary demands of managing the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world’s ability to care for patients with thoracic malignancies. As a hospital’s COVID-19 population increases and hospital resources are depleted, the ability to provide surgical care is progressively restricted - forcing surgeons to prioritize among their cancer populations. Representatives from multiple cancer, surgical and research organizations have come together to provide a guide for triaging patients with thoracic malignancies, as the impact of COVID-19 evolves as each hospital. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32689703/ doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.03.061 id: cord-337646-gkcm6ds0 author: nan title: The Federation’s Pages: WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations www.wfpha.org Bettina Borisch and Marta Lomazzi, Federation’s Pages Editors date: 2020-09-17 words: 2529.0 sentences: 140.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337646-gkcm6ds0.txt summary: The next coronavirus to generate a global public health crisis was the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) that emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 among people working closely with camels. During the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), held on 30 January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was underway. The association between Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and environmental destruction is widely recognized: deforestation destroys natural habitats, increases the density of remaining wild animal populations, increases their movements to look for food accompanied by the probability of human contact-all induce stress that impairs immune systems and increases viral shedding [16] . Environment preservation is urgent for many reasons: conservation of biodiversity, the fight against climate change, reduction of air, water and food pollution, and improvement of human health and quality of life [18] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00240-3 doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00240-3 id: cord-353293-vjdwh19x author: nan title: Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach date: 2020-06-11 words: 3856.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353293-vjdwh19x.txt summary: Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy) has set up a multidisciplinary healthcare service called "Post-COVID-19 Day Hospital." The specialist assessments offered to patients are outlined in the following sections. Furthermore, the important role of geriatrician acting as a care manager of patients who suffered COVID-19 disease is described. A respiratory follow-up is of pivotal importance to evaluate lung function, alveolar-arterial gas exchange, and exercise tolerance in recovered non-infective COVID-19 patients [5] . In this Post-COVID-19 Day Hospital, internal medicine and geriatric specialists are integrated with infectious disease physicians, pneumologists, immuno-rheumatologists, and other specialists into the management of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a whole, the post-acute care service at the Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli aims at expanding the knowledge of COVID-19 and its impact on health status and care needs as well as at promoting healthcare strategies to treat and prevent the clinical consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different organs and systems. abstract: For survivors of severe COVID-19 disease, having defeated the virus is just the beginning of an uncharted recovery path. What follows after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the extension and severity of viral attacks in different cell types and organs. Despite the ridiculously large number of papers that have flooded scientific journals and preprint-hosting websites, a clear clinical picture of COVID-19 aftermath is vague at best. Without larger prospective observational studies that are only now being started, clinicians can retrieve information just from case reports and or small studies. This is the time to understand how COVID-19 goes forward and what consequences survivors may expect to experience. To this aim, a multidisciplinary post-acute care service involving several specialists has been established at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS (Rome, Italy). Although COVID-19 is an infectious disease primarily affecting the lung, its multi-organ involvement requires an interdisciplinary approach encompassing virtually all branches of internal medicine and geriatrics. In particular, during the post-acute phase, the geriatrician may serve as the case manager of a multidisciplinary team. The aim of this article is to describe the importance of the interdisciplinary approach––coordinated by geriatrician––to cope the potential post-acute care needs of recovered COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01616-x id: cord-353942-l9kjnrky author: nan title: Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques date: 2020-06-09 words: 3836.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353942-l9kjnrky.txt summary: Essais cliniques au cours de la pandémie COVID-19 : cibles thérapeutiques, exigences méthodologiques, impératifs éthiques3 hospitalisés, souffrant d''une forme grave, est la mortalité toutes causes (voir Solidarity dans le Tableau). La mort est l''issue pour une minorité de cas symptomatiques, même dans les formes graves On n''attend pas que les traitements candidats réduisent la mortalité de 50 %, plus raisonnablement de 20 %, ce qui suppose des essais à très grands effectifs ou la méta-analyse d''essais concordants dans leurs critères d''inclusion et de jugement. Après son autorisation par la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), la demande internationale de remdesivir --qui améliorait le statut ventilatoire de 53 patients analysables au cours d''une administration compassionnelle [2] --a rendu ce traitement indisponible en France, ce qui a participé aux déboires de l''essai DisCoVeRy. Il n''y a pas de preuve de l''efficacité clinique de l''HCQ [3,4]. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2020.06.007 doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.06.007 id: cord-340060-l1okt3lm author: pathak, Mamta title: Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools date: 2020-04-15 words: 301.0 sentences: 25.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340060-l1okt3lm.txt summary: key: cord-340060-l1okt3lm title: Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools cord_uid: l1okt3lm Caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), this emerging disease has been extended to more than 200 countries facilitated by inappropriate and insufficient preventive measures along with unrestricted travel (2) . Moreover, there is always a need for rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive diagnostic assays to stop the menace created by the worldwide spread of this virus by early detection and follow up of subsequent timely implementation of appropriate prevention, control and mitigation strategies. Practical Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19-the Imminent Global Threat Going global-Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus Rapid colorimetric detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse tran-scriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic plat-form: iLACO Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.003 doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.003 id: cord-354627-y07w2f43 author: pinter, g. title: COVID-19 Pandemic Prediction for Hungary; a Hybrid Machine Learning Approach date: 2020-05-06 words: 5478.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354627-y07w2f43.txt summary: As an alternative to the susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning approach to predict the COVID-19 and we exemplify its potential using data from Hungary. The hybrid machine learning methods of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layered perceptron-imperialist competitive algorithm (MLP-ICA) are used to predict time series of infected individuals and mortality rate. Due to the complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and its irregularity in different countries, the standard epidemiological models, i.e., susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, had been challenged for delivering higher performance in individual nations. In this study the hybrid machine learning model of MLP-ICA and ANFIS are used to predict the COVID-19 outbreak in Hungary. Both machine learning models, as an alternative to epidemiological models, showed potential in predicting COVID-19 outbreak as well as estimating total mortality. abstract: Several epidemiological models are being used around the world to project the number of infected individuals and the mortality rates of the COVID-19 outbreak. Advancing accurate prediction models is of utmost importance to take proper actions. Due to a high level of uncertainty or even lack of essential data, the standard epidemiological models have been challenged regarding the delivery of higher accuracy for long-term prediction. As an alternative to the susceptible-infected-resistant (SIR)-based models, this study proposes a hybrid machine learning approach to predict the COVID-19 and we exemplify its potential using data from Hungary. The hybrid machine learning methods of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layered perceptron-imperialist competitive algorithm (MLP-ICA) are used to predict time series of infected individuals and mortality rate. The models predict that by late May, the outbreak and the total morality will drop substantially. The validation is performed for nine days with promising results, which confirms the model accuracy. It is expected that the model maintains its accuracy as long as no significant interruption occurs. Based on the results reported here, and due to the complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.02.20088427v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088427 id: cord-305929-kxiuhu5m author: rugarabamu, s. title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. date: 2020-05-01 words: 2387.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305929-kxiuhu5m.txt summary: title: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19: A quick online cross-sectional survey among Tanzanian residents. In this study, we investigated Tanzanian residents KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak.This was a cross sectional study that involved sample of online Tanzanian residents who was recruited via authors networks with residents and social media. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male gender, age-group of 16-29 years and education of secondary or lower were significantly associated with lower knowledge score.Our findings suggest that residents of a relatively high level of socioeconomic status, have had good knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.26.20080820 doi: medRxiv preprint investigated the KAP towards COVID-19 among online Tanzania residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak. abstract: In Tanzania, Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic. Residents adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Tanzanian residents KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak.This was a cross sectional study that involved sample of online Tanzanian residents who was recruited via authors networks with residents and social media. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire using Survey Monkey tool was used to collect data from participants. The questionnaire assessed demographic and had 12 questions on COVID Knowledge and 5 questions on attitude and practice. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.Four hundred residents completed a survey. The mean age of study participants was 28 years, and majorities were females 216 (54.0%). There were no significant different in relation to demographic variables (p>0.3). Those who held a bachelor degree or above (60.3%) had more correct score. The overall, (84.4%) of participants had good knowledge level and the good knowledge was associated with education level (p=0.001). Nearly all of the participants (96.0%) had confidence that Tanzania can win the battle against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents (77%) did not do to the crowded place in recent says. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male gender, age-group of 16-29 years and education of secondary or lower were significantly associated with lower knowledge score.Our findings suggest that residents of a relatively high level of socioeconomic status, have had good knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and appropriate practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak. Suggesting that health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for encouraging an optimistic attitudes and maintaining safe practices. Due to the limitation in representativeness of the sample, more studies are warranted to investigate the KAP towards COVID-19 among Tanzania residents of a low socioeconomic status. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.20080820v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080820 id: cord-307862-a082sghm author: ten Cate, Hugo title: Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective date: 2020-04-20 words: 1229.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307862-a082sghm.txt summary: At our hospital and many others, the triage of patients suspected from possible COVID-19 infection get a workup including physical examination, routine lab tests and a "blank" computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax, to exclude the presence of findings suggestive for viral pneumonia. Finally, for all those patients on antithrombotic agents, the risks of bleeding and thrombosis must be weighed even in times of a crisis (certainly with possible drug interactions) and while annual controls of renal function, adherence, assessment of complications and so mostly can be delayed for some time, these checkups should not be abolished altogether, like periodic measurement of blood pressure should not be postponed indefinitely. While in this very intense era of crisis management with its huge impact on all healthcare workers, much attention is correctly directed towards the care for patients with Covid-19 infection, we should find ways to also give attention to the millions of patients at risk of thromboembolism (and bleeding) throughout the world. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336956/ doi: 10.1186/s12959-020-00220-3 id: cord-302535-rnmftg3j author: van Blokland, I. V. title: Using symptom-based case predictions to identify host genetic factors that contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility date: 2020-08-24 words: 5977.0 sentences: 358.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302535-rnmftg3j.txt summary: The three cohorts with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) test outcomes available (Helix, Lifelines and NTR) were used in an attempt to improve the Menni COVID-19 prediction model. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 doi: medRxiv preprint performed forward and backward stepwise logistic regression in the Lifelines COVID-19 Cohort to construct the model most predictive for a positive test outcome (p-in = 0.10 and p-out = 0.10). Using self-reported symptoms of 56 positive and 586 negative test outcome cases in the Lifelines cohort, we next attempted to improve on the Menni COVID-19 prediction model. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 doi: medRxiv preprint Next, we examined whether previously reported genetic associations with common viral infections share any overlap with the variants identified by our GWAS on COVID-19 susceptibility. The different cut-offs and symptoms that were used by the Generation Scotland, Helix, Lifelines and NTR cohorts when applying the Menni COVID-19 prediction model to the datasets prior to running the GWAS. abstract: Epidemiological and genetic studies on COVID-19 are hindered by inconsistent and limited testing policies to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, it was shown that it is possible to predict potential COVID-19 cases using cross-sectional self-reported disease-related symptoms. Using a previously reported COVID-19 prediction model, we show that it is possible to conduct a GWAS on predicted COVID-19 which benefits from a larger sample size in order to gain new insights into the genetic susceptibility of the disease. Furthermore, we find suggestive evidence that genetic variants for other viral infectious diseases do not overlap with COVID-19 susceptibility and that severity of COVID-19 may have a different genetic architecture compared to COVID-19 susceptibility. Our findings demonstrate the added value of using self-reported symptom assessments to quickly monitor novel endemic viral outbreaks in a scenario of limited testing. Should there be another outbreak of a novel infectious disease, then we recommend repeatedly collecting data of disease-related symptoms. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.21.20177246v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.21.20177246 id: cord-350946-o8eohq9h author: van Buuren, Asia title: “COVID-19 as the equalizer”: Evolving discourses of COVID-19 and implications for medical education date: 2020-09-23 words: 868.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350946-o8eohq9h.txt summary: Over time, as more people noticed how COVID-19 highlighted structural inequity, the societal discourse shifted. 12, 13 This shift in discourse from COVID-19 as an equalizer, to more recently, COVID-19 as exacerbating structural inequity, warrants exploration as it has potential to unearth unique vulnerabilities faced by populations in this pandemic. In this work, we will examine: 1) the discourse(s) that have emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that highlight population-level inequities, and 2) the implications these discourses have for medical education, the learning environment, and the care patients receive from medical trainees. The archive will be analysed for patterns of how COVID-19 has highlighted, reinforced, or dismantled structural inequity at the population level, emphasizing implications for medical education and learners. As the dialogue shifts from COVID-19''s universality to the recognition of the critical impact of structural inequities, a CDA analysis will allow an understanding of the implications for medical learners of normalizing and enhancing teaching surrounding these issues. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33062108/ doi: 10.36834/cmej.70401 id: cord-030998-1u3fme80 author: van Dalen, Hendrik P title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Financially Fragile and Aging Societies date: 2020-07-30 words: 2930.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030998-1u3fme80.txt summary: The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer. To correct this state of affairs, societies can resort to different measures such as the long-term route of investing in financial literacy (Kaiser & Menkhoff, 2017) , but they can also take a more direct approach, such as by making supplementary pension savings by employers mandatory, or by nudging and informing workers in the direction of making their households more financially stable (Clark, Morrill, & Allen, 2012) . abstract: The current COVID-19 crisis teaches organizations and households harsh lessons about the necessity of having buffers, to deal with the consequences of the COVID-19 virus. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7454871/ doi: 10.1093/workar/waaa011 id: cord-336163-7xqmuoye author: van Dongen, Christel MP title: Unusually Rapid Development of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure after COVID-19 Pneumonia date: 2020-06-17 words: 1220.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336163-7xqmuoye.txt summary: COVID-19 infection is increasingly being associated with systemic and multi-organ involvement, encompassing cytokine release syndrome and thromboembolic, vascular and cardiac events. The patient described experienced unusually rapid development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular failure after recent severe COVID-19 pneumonia with cytokine release syndrome, which initially was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and concomitant cytokine release syndrome may be particularly at risk for the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. This case report describes a patient with unusually rapid development of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension (PH) following earlier hospitalisation and successful treatment for severe CRS caused by COVID-19 infection. In view of the association of COVID-19 with coagulopathy and microvascular disease, subsequent potential micro-PE as well as interstitial pulmonary damage, PH is likely to be a frequent complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and CRS. COVID-19 is a pulmonary viral infection which can result in severe systemic, multi-organ disease in some patients. abstract: COVID-19 is a novel viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The mid- and long-term outcomes have not yet been determined. COVID-19 infection is increasingly being associated with systemic and multi-organ involvement, encompassing cytokine release syndrome and thromboembolic, vascular and cardiac events. The patient described experienced unusually rapid development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular failure after recent severe COVID-19 pneumonia with cytokine release syndrome, which initially was successfully treated with methylprednisolone and tocilizumab. The development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure – in the absence of emboli on multiple CT angiograms – was most likely caused by progressive pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities combined with microvascular damage of the pulmonary arteries (group III and IV pulmonary hypertension, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, these complications have not previously been described and therefore awareness of PH as a complication of COVID-19 is warranted. LEARNING POINTS: COVID-19 increasingly presents with systemic and multi-organ involvement with vascular, thromboembolic and cardiac events. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and concomitant cytokine release syndrome may be particularly at risk for the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary hypertension can develop unusually rapidly following COVID-19 pneumonia and probably results from progressive pulmonary interstitial and microvascular abnormalities due to COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32665939/ doi: 10.12890/2020_001784 id: cord-310507-5h6egve4 author: van Doorn, Amarylle S. title: Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission date: 2020-08-27 words: 3532.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310507-5h6egve4.txt summary: Since December 2019, the world has been dealing with the outbreak of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in Wuhan, China. However, there is a growing body of studies in which SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool samples (including anal swabs) from COVID-19 patients. 11, 15, 16 This study aims to (1) critically assess the clinical relevance of testing stool samples and anal swabs and (2) provide a critical overview of the available literature regarding the faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We collected the following data from the eligible original articles: study design, geographic location, study period, number of patients, age, types of tested specimens, number of tested specimens, methods of the performed tests, duration and prevalence of positive test results in different specimens, disease severity, gastrointestinal symptoms, endoscopic results, specific evidence supporting faecal-oral transmission and remarkable patient/population characteristics. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there have been many scientific reports regarding gastrointestinal manifestations. Several reports indicate the possibility of viral shedding via faeces and the possibility of faecal‐oral transmission. AIMS: To critically assess the clinical relevance of testing stool samples and anal swabs and provide an overview of the potential faecal‐oral transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. METHODS: A systematic literature search with MeSH terms was performed, scrutinising the Embase database, Google scholar, MEDLINE database through PubMed and The Cochrane Library, including articles from December 2019 until July 7 2020. Data were subsequently analysed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Ninety‐five studies were included in the qualitative analysis. 934/2149 (43%) patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in stool samples or anal swabs, with positive test results up to 70 days after symptom onset. A meta‐analysis executed with studies of at least 10 patients revealed a pooled positive proportion of 51.8% (95% CI 43.8 ‐ 59.7%). Positive faecal samples of 282/443 patients (64%) remained positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 for a mean of 12.5 days, up to 33 days maximum, after respiratory samples became negative for SARS‐CoV‐2. Viable SARS‐CoV‐2 was found in 6/17 (35%) patients in whom this was specifically investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Viral shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 in stool samples occurs in a substantial portion of patients, making faecal‐oral transmission plausible. Furthermore, detection in stool sample or anal swab can persist long after negative respiratory testing. Therefore, stool sample or anal swab testing should be (re)considered in relation to decisions for isolating or discharging a patient. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16036 doi: 10.1111/apt.16036 id: cord-330120-xd9l948d author: van Dyck, Laura I. title: Combating Heightened Social Isolation of Nursing Home Elders: The Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak Program date: 2020-06-05 words: 1494.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330120-xd9l948d.txt summary: To address social isolation in nursing home residents, the Yale School of Medicine Geriatrics Student Interest Group initiated a Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak (TOCO) Program that implements weekly phone calls with student volunteers. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. Furthermore, while the program intended to focus on the needs of nursing home residents, weekly friendly phone calls have benefited the social wellbeing of student volunteers as well. As a medical student interest group, can we alleviate social isolation suffered by nursing home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic through weekly phone calls? Social isolation and loneliness in nursing home seniors-a common concern now exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic-is partly relieved by our replicable telephone outreach program abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social isolation and loneliness—common concerns in older adults—are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To address social isolation in nursing home residents, the Yale School of Medicine Geriatrics Student Interest Group initiated a Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak (TOCO) Program that implements weekly phone calls with student volunteers. METHODS: Local nursing homes were contacted; recreation directors identified appropriate and interested elderly residents. Student volunteers were paired with elderly residents and provided phone call instructions. RESULTS: Three nursing homes opted to participate in the program. Thirty elderly residents were paired with student volunteers. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS: The TOCO program achieved initial success and promotes the social wellbeing of nursing home residents. We hope to continue this program beyond the COVID-19 pandemic in order to address this persistent need in a notably vulnerable patient population. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064748120303651?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.026 id: cord-315303-cxu5pt5r author: van Gerwen, Maaike title: Risk factors and outcomes of COVID‐19 in New York City; a retrospective cohort study date: 2020-07-24 words: 3517.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315303-cxu5pt5r.txt summary: METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, including 3703 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19, we identified risk factors associated with all‐cause mortality, need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. 17 The present study assesses the risk factors associated with the need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation as well as all-cause mortality of all laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients, diagnosed across a larger New York City health system in the month of March 2020 and outcomes as of May 13th, 2020 with a minimum follow-up time of six weeks. This is one of the initial studies including a population of the first and largest COVID-19 epicenter in the US with adequate follow-up time to report on risk factors associated with hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality. In this large, retrospective cohort of COVID-19 positive patients in New York City, the main risk factors associated with hospitalization, need for mechanical ventilation and death were increasing age and male gender, confirming results of previous studies. abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic and information on risk factors for worse prognosis is needed to accurately identify patients at risk and potentially provide insight into therapeutic options. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, including 3703 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19, we identified risk factors associated with all‐cause mortality, need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Male gender was independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR(adj): 1.62 (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 1.38‐ 1.91)), mechanical ventilation (OR(adj): 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08‐ 1.69)) and death (OR(adj): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.17‐ 1.82)). Patients > 60 years had higher risk of hospitalization (OR(adj): 5.47 (95% CI: 4.29‐ 6.96)), mechanical ventilation (OR(adj): 3.26 (95% CI: 2.08‐ 5.11)) and death (OR(adj): 13.04 (95% CI: 6.25‐ 27.24)). Congestive heart failure (OR(adj): 1.47 (95% CI: 1.06‐ 2.02)) and dementia (OR(adj): 2.03 (95% CI: 1.46‐ 2.83)) were associated with increased odds of death, as well as the presence of more than two comorbidities (OR(adj): 1.90 (95% CI: 1.35‐ 2.68)). CONCLUSION: COVID‐19 patients of older age, male gender or having more than two comorbidities are at higher risk of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation and death, and should therefore be closely monitored. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32706392/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26337 id: cord-319486-zf3ytsph author: van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid title: FFP2-mondmasker of chirurgisch mondkapje bij COVID-19 date: 2020-04-11 words: 1167.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319486-zf3ytsph.txt summary: De vraag is dan ook of chirurgische mondkapjes medisch personeel even goed beschermen tegen infectie met COVID-19 als FFP2-mondmaskers. In 2019 werd in JAMA een grote clustergerandomiseerde klinische trial (RCT) gepubliceerd waarin het effect werd vergeleken van chirurgische mondkapjes en FFP2-mondmaskers op de preventie van griep en andere virale luchtweginfecties onder medisch personeel. De auteurs vonden geen verschil in risico tussen beide beschermingsmiddelen voor het optreden van infecties bij medisch personeel. In de meta-analyse van Bartozsko werd ook de conclusie getrokken dat chirurgische mondkapjes niet waren geassocieerd met een hoger risico op infectie dan FFP2-mondmaskers. Daarnaast is de compliantie voor het dragen van FFP2-mondmaskers mogelijk niet gelijk aan die van chirurgische mondkapjes, aangezien deze minder comfortabel zijn. Ook is niet altijd duidelijk of er goede instructies zijn gegeven voor het dragen van een goed sluitend FFP2-mondmasker. Het is onduidelijk of er in deze setting een verschil is tussen FFP2-mondmaskers en chirurgische mondkapjes. abstract: Het aantal patiënten met COVID-19 neemt in rap tempo toe. Bescherming van medisch personeel is van groot belang om de ziekte onder medisch personeel te voorkomen en continuïteit in de zorg te waarborgen. Welk mondkapje heeft dan de voorkeur voor huisartsen: een FFP2-mondmasker of een chirurgisch mondkapje? Er is hiernaar nog geen specifiek onderzoek verricht bij het coronavirus, maar bij kortdurend contact in de eerste lijn lijkt er geen verschil tussen beide te zijn. Daarnaast is het nog onduidelijk of chirurgische mondkapjes vergelijkbare bescherming bieden bij langdurig of meervoudig contact. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12445-020-0586-9 doi: 10.1007/s12445-020-0586-9 id: cord-032972-nf5qwcj8 author: van Osch, Dirk title: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in COVID-19: a case report. Haemodynamic and therapeutic considerations date: 2020-08-27 words: 1977.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032972-nf5qwcj8.txt summary: The patient was discharged home and follow-up echocardiography after 3 months showed normal contractility of the apical myocardial segments, with normalization of the left ventricular systolic function, as expected in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 viral pneumonia may lead to both direct and indirect myocardial injury. Seven days after ICU admission, negative T-waves were observed at the monitor and a 12-lead ECG was obtained which showed sinus rhythm with diffuse, new, deeply negative T-waves and a prolonged QTc interval of 505 ms ( (ACE) inhibitors to treat left ventricular dysfunction was postponed. If haemodynamical problems occur in COVID-19 patients, echocardiography is warranted to exclude heart failure secondary to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis or ischaemia. COVID-19 caregivers should be aware of this complication, since regular use of QT-prolonging drugs combined with prolongation of the QTc interval in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular complications are increasingly recognized during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Myocardial injury is most commonly described and its underlying mechanism is believed to be multifactorial. Next to Type 2 ischaemia, COVID-19 may lead to (peri)myocarditis or Takotsubo (or stress) cardiomyopathy. CASE SUMMARY: A 72-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation because of respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 viral pneumonia. Seven days after admission, she developed new negative T-waves and a prolonged QTc interval on electrocardiography (ECG). Troponin levels were mildly elevated. Echocardiography showed a poor left ventricular systolic function with apical ballooning consistent with the diagnosis Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Seven days afterwards, the ECG and troponin levels normalized. Echocardiography showed improvement of left ventricular systolic function, however with persistent hypokinesia of the apical segments. Coronary artery disease was excluded using coronary computed tomography angiography. The patient was discharged home and follow-up echocardiography after 3 months showed normal contractility of the apical myocardial segments, with normalization of the left ventricular systolic function, as expected in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. DISCUSSION: COVID-19 caregivers should be aware of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as complication of COVID-19, since regular use of QT-prolonging drugs combined with prolongation of the QTc interval in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Furthermore, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may lead to acute heart failure and even cardiogenic shock. Frequent ECG monitoring of COVID-19 patients therefore is of paramount importance and timely echocardiography should be obtained when ECG abnormalities or haemodynamical problems occur. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7528942/ doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa271 id: cord-024786-f33eb1nf author: van Rensburg, V title: Current evidence for directed and supportive investigational therapies against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health crisis. There is currently a great need for effective and safe therapies directed at the disease, but no drugs are presently registered for use in COVID-19. Several directed therapies have been proposed, and most are still in clinical trials. Currently available published, peer-reviewed results mostly involve small sample sizes with study limitations restricting the interpretation of the findings. Many trials currently published also do not have a control group, limiting the interpretation of the effect of the intervention. Investigational directed therapies as well as investigational supportive therapies against COVID-19 are reviewed here. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine show promise as directed therapies, but current trial results are conflicting. Lopinavir/ritonavir also shows potential, but was started late in the disease course in most trials. No randomised controlled evidence is currently available for remdesivir and favipiravir. Corticosteroid use is not recommended for directed therapy against COVID-19, and the role of tocilizumab is currently unclear, based on limited evidence. Early initiation of investigational directed therapies may provide benefit in selected patients. The results from larger randomised controlled trials will clarify the place of these therapies in COVID-19 treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7221540/ doi: 10.7196/ajtccm.2020.v26i2.072 id: cord-300032-511zwrnb author: van Steveninck, Alfred L. title: Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring date: 2020-11-10 words: 1661.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300032-511zwrnb.txt summary: title: Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring Diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation in a patient with Covid-19 pneumonia; assessment by point of care ultrasound and potential implications for patient monitoring. Recovery of diaphragm contractility was demonstrated within two days of controlled mechanical ventilation when the patient was switched to a pressure support mode. Recovery of diaphragm contractility was demonstrated within two days of controlled mechanical ventilation when the patient was switched to a pressure support mode. An ultrasound examination indicated bilateral diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation and the start of lung protective mechanical ventilation (figures 2 and 3). The very large thickening fraction measured on day six could indicate an additional effort by the patient after a brief switch from pressure control to pressure support ventilation at low values for dynamic respiratory compliance. abstract: The clinical research described in this case report was initiated because of the recognized need for early identification of Covid-19 patients at risk of respiratory failure. We used point of care ultrasound to identify diaphragm dysfunction in a spontaneously breathing Covid-19 patient. Measurements of diaphragm thickness and thickening fraction indicated diaphragm dysfunction prior to intubation while respiratory failure was not yet evident from arterial blood gas analysis. Recovery of diaphragm contractility was demonstrated within two days of controlled mechanical ventilation when the patient was switched to a pressure support mode. With recovery of the diaphragm very large fractional shortening was seen after discontinuation of rocuronium, which was associated with a reduced dynamic compliance. In conclusion, this case report illustrates the need to be aware of potential diaphragm dysfunction in spontaneously breathing Covid-19 patients. With recovery, point of care ultrasound allows repeated evaluation of diaphragm function which appears to be responsive to changes in pumonary compliance. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213007120304986?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101284 id: cord-033854-pub3lhiv author: van Zanten, Jan Anton title: Beyond COVID-19: Applying “SDG logics” for resilient transformations date: 2020-10-16 words: 8399.0 sentences: 417.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033854-pub3lhiv.txt summary: The SDG agenda provides three ''logics'' that could help transform towards sustainable societies: (1) a governance logic that sets goals, adopts policies, and tracks progress to steer impacts; (2) a systems (nexus) logic that manages SDG interactions; and (3) a strategic logic that enables (micro-level) companies to develop strategies that impact (macro-level) policy goals. Following complexity/wicked problems theory, we argue that the paradox, and thus a systemic crisis like COVID-19, cannot be resolved, but needs to be navigated along three lines: (1) a governance challenge: how to fill a multitude of global governance gaps in an increasingly volatile and uncertain (VUCA) world to increase the speed with which pandemics can be addressed; (2) a systems challenge: how to take the systemic nature of the pandemic into account without simplifying it too much; and (3) a strategic challenge: how to align countries'' and companies'' strategies to advance resilient and sustainable societies. abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a realistic approach to navigate societies through and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the SDG agenda is not without flaws. Even before the pandemic, progress towards achieving the SDGs has been too slow. COVID-19 presents a stress test for the SDG approach. The SDG agenda provides three ‘logics’ that could help transform towards sustainable societies: (1) a governance logic that sets goals, adopts policies, and tracks progress to steer impacts; (2) a systems (nexus) logic that manages SDG interactions; and (3) a strategic logic that enables (micro-level) companies to develop strategies that impact (macro-level) policy goals. We discuss key hurdles that each of these SDG logics face. Transforming towards sustainable societies beyond COVID-19 requires that multinational enterprises and policymakers (better) apply these logics, and that they address operational challenges to overcome flaws in the present approach to the SDGs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7565227/ doi: 10.1057/s42214-020-00076-4 id: cord-313980-jutof78v author: van de Veerdonk, F. L. title: A systems approach to inflammation identifies therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-05-24 words: 4683.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313980-jutof78v.txt summary: Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interferon- inducible protein (IP)-10 are higher in COVID-19 patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) than in those who do not require ICU admission. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint Whereas from these data an exuberant innate immune response appears to represent the main immune dysregulation in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, so far only a limited number of inflammatory mediators known to be involved in other diseases have been assessed. 23.20110916 doi: medRxiv preprint In addition to the inflammatory factors that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients in the ICU, a number of cytokines were shown to be lower in the severely ill patients. However, unbiased clustering of COVID-19 patients differentiated patients based on disease severity (ICU versus non ICU), rather than identifying different inflammatory clusters ( Figure 2 ). abstract: Background Infection with SARS-CoV-2 manifests itself as a mild respiratory tract infection in the majority of individuals, which progresses to a severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 10-15% of patients. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ARDS, with immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 leading to a hyperinflammatory response. A comprehensive understanding of the inflammatory process in COVID-19 is lacking. Methods In this prospective, multicenter observational study, patients with PCR-proven or clinically presumed COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or clinical wards were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and plasma was serially collected. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-, complement components C3a, C3c and the terminal complement complex (TCC) were determined in plasma by ELISA. Additionally, 269 circulating biomarkers were assessed using targeted proteomics. Results were compared between ICU and non ICU patients. Findings A total of 119 (38 ICU and 91 non ICU) patients were included. IL-6 plasma concentrations were elevated in COVID-19 (ICU vs. non ICU, median 174.5 pg/ml [IQR 94.5-376.3 vs. 40.0 pg/ml [16.5-81.0]), whereas TNF- concentrations were relatively low and not different between ICU and non ICU patients (median 24.0 pg/ml [IQR 16.5-33.5] and 21.5 pg/ml [IQR 16.0-33.5], respectively). C3a and terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations were significantly higher in ICU vs. non ICU patients (median 556.0 ng/ml [IQR 333.3-712.5]) vs. 266.5 ng/ml [IQR 191.5-384.0 for C3a and 4506 mAU/ml [IQR 3661-6595 vs. 3582 mAU/ml [IQR 2947-4300] for TCC) on the first day of blood sampling. Targeted proteomics demonstrated that IL-6 (logFC 2.2), several chemokines and hepatocyte growth factor (logFC 1.4) were significantly upregulated in ICU vs. non ICU patients. In contrast, stem cell factor was significantly downregulated (logFC -1.3) in ICU vs. non ICU patients, as were DPP4 (logFC -0.4) and protein C inhibitor (log FC -1.0), the latter two factors also being involved in the regulation of the kinin-kallikrein pathway. Unsupervised clustering pointed towards a homogeneous pathogenetic mechanism in the majority of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, with patient clustering mainly based on disease severity. Interpretation We identified important pathways involved in dysregulation of inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19, including the IL-6, complement system and kinin-kallikrein pathways. Our findings may aid the development of new approaches to host-directed therapy. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.23.20110916 id: cord-323327-08p122lw author: van de Veerdonk, Frank L. title: Blocking IL-1 to prevent respiratory failure in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-18 words: 3019.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323327-08p122lw.txt summary: These findings open new avenues for host-directed therapies in patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and might in addition to antiviral treatment be enough to curb the currently unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Although ICU patients have been treated with glucocorticoids, some experts have even argued, based on studies in Middle-Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), that they are likely to do more harm than good [1, 2] . The autoinflammatory loop can exacerbate from increase innate immune response into uncontrolled MAS a spectrum that associates with increasing ferritin levels van de Veerdonk and Netea Critical Care (2020) 24:445 patients in the early phase and reports that high dose intravenous anakinra started in patients outside of the ICU was safe and resulted in clinical benefit in 72% of patients [56] . abstract: COVID-19 is an emerging disease that can manifest itself as asymptomatic or mild respiratory tract infection in the majority of individuals, but in some, it can progress into severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Inflammation is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe infections and ARDS and evidence is emerging that the IL-1/IL-6 pathway is highly upregulated in patients with severe disease. These findings open new avenues for host-directed therapies in patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and might in addition to antiviral treatment be enough to curb the currently unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682440/ doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03166-0 id: cord-267486-ipcvepia author: van den Heuvel, F. M. A. title: Cardiac function in relation to myocardial injury in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-07-08 words: 3792.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267486-ipcvepia.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported on myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) defined as elevated cardiac biomarkers. Data presented from China and New York reported a substantial number of patients with myocardial injury in COVID-19, however this was mainly based on elevated cardiac troponin levels [1, 2] . There is limited data on the association between myocardial injury and the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction potentially caused by COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, and to assess its relation to biomarker analysis. Subgroup analysis showed no relation between elevated Troponin T or NT-proBNP, and patients with ventricular dysfunction (see Tab. 3 and Fig. 1 ). This study provides a unique cross-sectional observation of non-selected COVID-19 patients admitted to the ward, exploring the incidence of left and right ventricular dysfunction in relation to biomarker analyses. abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported on myocardial injury in patients with coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) defined as elevated cardiac biomarkers. Whether elevated biomarkers truly represent myocardial dysfunction is not known. The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of ventricular dysfunction and assess its relationship with biomarker analyses. METHODS: This cross-sectional study ran from April 1 to May 12, 2020, and consisted of all consecutively admitted patients to the Radboud university medical centre nursing ward for COVID-19. Laboratory assessment included high-sensitivity Troponin T and N‑terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Echocardiographic evaluation focused on left and right ventricular systolic function and global longitudinal strain (GLS). RESULTS: In total, 51 patients were included, with a median age of 63 years (range 51–68 years) of whom 80% was male. Troponin T was elevated (>14 ng/l) in 47%, and a clinically relevant Troponin T elevation (10 × URL) was found in three patients (6%). NT-proBNP was elevated (>300 pg/ml) in 24 patients (47%), and in four (8%) the NT-proBNP concentration was >1,000 pg/ml. Left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <52% and/or GLS >−18%) was observed in 27%, while right ventricular dysfunction (TAPSE <17 mm and/or RV S’ < 10 cm/s) was seen in 10%. There was no association between elevated Troponin T or NT-proBNP and left or right ventricular dysfunction. Patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism had normal right ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalised patients, it seems that COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, while cardiac dysfunction occurs less often. Based on a single echocardiographic evaluation, we found no relation between elevated Troponin T or NT-proBNP, and ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiography has limited value in screening for ventricular dysfunction. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-020-01458-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643071/ doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01458-2 id: cord-346006-caxx5fbz author: van den Oever, Wendy title: Risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 2007.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346006-caxx5fbz.txt summary: Dit is het eerste Nederlandse onderzoek naar risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19. Hogere leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 zijn geassocieerd met een hogere kans op ic-opname en overlijden. [2] [3] [4] [5] In dit onderzoek beschrijven we de kenmerken van de eerste 243 COVID-19-patiënten die in maart 2020 werden gezien op de SEH van het Elkerliek Ziekenhuis. ■ leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 zijn geassocieerd met een hogere kans op ic-opname en/of overlijden. Ook als we BMI zouden hebben meegenomen in de multivariabele analyse, zouden leeftijd (p = 0,001) en diabetes mellitus (p = 0,037) alsnog de enige onafhankelijke voorspellers van overlijden blijven (data niet weergegeven). Onze gegevens wijzen er dus niet op dat een hogere BMI geassocieerd is met een grotere kans op overlijden of ic-opname voor COVID-19-patiënten. Leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 blijken significante voorspellers voor ic-opname en overlijden van COVID-19-patiënten. abstract: Dit is het eerste Nederlandse onderzoek naar risicofactoren voor een ernstig beloop van COVID-19. Hogere leeftijd en diabetes mellitus type 2 zijn geassocieerd met een hogere kans op ic-opname en overlijden. Deze patiëntengroep zou als eerste in aanmerking moeten komen voor vaccinatie, zodra die beschikbaar is. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32934396/ doi: 10.1007/s12445-020-0859-3 id: cord-342059-y3zlyy1z author: von der Thüsen, Jan H. title: Case report: a fatal combination of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with extensive pulmonary microvascular damage in COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-10-23 words: 1940.0 sentences: 99.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342059-y3zlyy1z.txt summary: Here we present a case with histopathological evidence for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and extensive concurrent microvascular damage in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia and speculate on the cooccurrence of these serious complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At autopsy, bilaterally enlarged lungs were seen, with upon microscopy in the lung tissue extensive vascular changes including bilateral and diffuse edema and intra-alveolar fibrinous aggregates with an acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) pattern (Fig. 1a) , related to multiple associated foci of microvascular damage with hyaline thrombi (Fig. 1b and c) . This case demonstrates histopathological evidence of HLH in fatal COVID-19 pneumonia with a concurrent severe microvascular damage pattern in both lungs, with capillary thrombosis and extensive intra-alveolar fibrin exudation with an AFOP pattern. A sudden demise in Fig. 1 Histopathological features of microvascular damage with acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a case of fatal COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: The clinical features of COVID-19 have a considerable range from a mild illness to severe disease. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the rapidly progressive, and often fatal, pulmonary disease frequently observed in COVID-19 need to be elucidated, in order to develop new treatment strategies for different disease endotypes. Fatal cases can display features of a cytokine storm, which may be related to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Also, a spectrum of vascular changes, including microvascular damage, is known to accompany severe COVID-19. In this paper, we describe the co-occurrence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and extensive pulmonary microvascular damage with thrombosis and its sequelae in a patient with fatal COVID-19. We believe these response patterns may be linked by common mechanisms involving hypercytokinemia and require further investigation as a fatal constellation in COVID-19, to generate appropriate treatment in patients who display these combined features. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12308-020-00423-7 doi: 10.1007/s12308-020-00423-7 id: cord-280370-td8b6fap author: Álvarez, Miguel Ángel Lara title: Mortalidad por Covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer en un hospital de Madrid durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia date: 2020-05-19 words: 1684.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280370-td8b6fap.txt summary: El estudio pretende conocer la mortalidad en nuestro centro por covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia. Se han revisado todos los fallecimientos por covid-19 de pacientes ingresados en nuestro centro durante las primeras 3 semanas de epidemia y que presentaban además antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años sin evidencia de enfermedad o cáncer en tratamiento activo. Durante el periodo analizado 36 pacientes con antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años o con cáncer activo han presentado enfermedad covid-19 confirmada por PCR lo que representa el 3,4% de los casos confirmados falleciendo por la infección 15 (41,6% de mortalidad). La incidencia observada de pacientes con antecedente de cáncer en los últimos 5 años o cáncer activo y enfermedad covid-19 en la pequeña muestra que representa nuestro centro es del 3,36% duplicando por tanto la esperable. abstract: Abstract Background and objective: The Covid-19 pandemic especially affects cancer patients with higher incidence and mortality according to published series of original pandemic foci. The study aims to determine the mortality in our center due to covid-19 in cancer patients during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic. Material and methods: The cancer patients who died of covid-19 during the analysis period have been reviewed describing the oncological and the covid-19 infection characteristics and the treatments established. Results: Confirmed cases covid-19: 1069 with 132 deaths (12.3%). With cancer 36 patients (3.4%), 15 deceased (41.6%). Of the deceased, only 6 patients (40%) were in active treatment. The most frequent associated tumor was lung (8/15 patients, 53.3%), 11 with metastatic disease (11/15, 73.3%). No specific treatment was established in 40 % (6/15) of the patients. The rest of them received treatments with the active protocols. Conclusion: Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients is almost four times higher than that of the general population. Until we have effective treatments or an effective vaccine, the only possibility to protect our patients is to prevent the infection with the appropriate measures. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025775320302815?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.005 id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 3973.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt summary: National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. abstract: Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-175 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 id: cord-263763-a8wgvgz2 author: Çelik, Ersin title: Treatment Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Seen Early After Open Heart Surgery. Case Report date: 2020-07-02 words: 1535.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263763-a8wgvgz2.txt summary: Here, we present our approach to a 54-year-old male patient who had coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery diagnosed as high probability coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early postoperative period. We aimed to present our approach to high probability COVID-19 pneumonia which developed on early postoperative period in our patient after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation, which was not reported in the literature before. After consultations applied by chest physicians and infectious disease departments of our hospital, COVID-19 was evaluated as a high probability due to the laboratory tests, radiological findings, and clinical course. Having considered our patient as high risk, without waiting for the RT-PCR result, we started the specific treatment for COVID-19 immediately, by evaluating clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1024 cases abstract: SARS-CoV-2 was reported for the first time in China on December 31, 2019, as the cause of some pneumonia cases characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and fatigue. Here, we present our approach to a 54-year-old male patient who had coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery diagnosed as high probability coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early postoperative period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838156/ doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00377-y id: cord-256157-jbidxfk0 author: Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A. title: Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico date: 2020-09-30 words: 561.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256157-jbidxfk0.txt summary: title: Hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico A total of 505,751 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 55,293 deaths have been reported in Mexico [2], and 2.5% of these patients have required endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation [2] . This report describes the sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated adults with COVID-19 in Mexico. A total of 57.6% (n = 6928) of the patients were mechanically ventilated outside of the intensive care units ( Figure S1 ) (supplementary material). As shown in this report, the availability of sufficient numbers of beds with ventilators does not ensure improvement in the prognoses of patients with COVID-19. Beyond the quantity of beds with ventilators, there may also be concerns about the quality of care, as has been suggested by the high mortality rate for intubated COVID-19 patients in Mexico. However, it is useful to present the general overview of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Mexico. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06256-3 doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06256-3 id: cord-342246-tnjtd9n3 author: Özçelik Korkmaz, Müge title: Otolaryngological manifestations of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection date: 2020-10-03 words: 4422.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342246-tnjtd9n3.txt summary: Because of the paucity of diagnostic tests in many European countries, data regarding epidemiological factors and clinical presentation of COVID-19 positive patients are limited; the reported studies were generally carried out by anamnesis and symptom inquiry [10] . In addition to demographic data such as the age and gender of the patients, general data including the concomitant systemic diseases, previous otolaryngologic diseases (perennial/allergic rhinitis, nasal septal deviation, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, hearing loss, tinnitus, vestibular disorders), the use of medications, and the length of hospital stay were also recorded. When evaluated according to the clinical severity of COVID-19 infection, there was no statistically significant difference between other findings except nausea/ vomiting, cough and dyspnea which were higher in the moderate group. This present study, it was found that PCR positive COVID 19 patients had different otolaryngological symptoms, especially loss of smell and taste. In our study, the most common otolaryngologic symptoms were the loss of smell and taste, which is important in terms of supporting the literature data on COVID-19. abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of otolaryngology symptoms in COVID 19 patients. METHODS: 116 patients with positive PCR test results for COVID-19 and followed up by otolaryngologists at a tertiary referral center/COVID-19 pandemic hospital were questioned in terms of otolaryngology symptoms associated with COVID-19 infection. Data including demographics, disease severity, concomitant diseases, previous otolaryngologic diseases,incidence and duration of new onset symptoms were collected and categorically analyzed. In addition, the severity of loss of smell and taste was evaluated by visual analogue score (VAS). RESULTS: A total of 58 men and 58 women participated. The mean age of the patients was 57.24 ± 14.32 (19–83). The most common otolaryngological findings were hyposmia/anosmia (37.9%) and hypogeusia/ageusia (41.37%), respectively. These complaints were followed by headache (37.1%), and nausea/vomiting (31%). The most common oropharyngeal symptoms were sore throat (32.7%) and dysphagia (20.6%). The rate of otological/vestibular symptoms was dizziness (31.8%), tinnitus (11%), true vertigo (6%), and hearing impairment (5.1%), respectively. The most of symptoms were more frequent in > 60 years and women. There was a significant correlation between nasal itching and smell disturbance in patients with allergic rhinitis. Considering the duration of symptoms, the longest were hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia. The mean VAS’s in patients with hyposmia/anosmia and hypogeusia/ageusia were 5.52 ± 2.08 and 5.79 ± 2.21, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most common otolaryngologic symptoms of COVID-19 infection are known as sore throat, smell and/or taste disturbances. However, our study showed that these patients can be seen with different symptoms in otological or laryngeal areas. Therefore, a more careful evaluation should be made in terms of otolaryngologic symptoms when COVID 19 infection is suspected. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06396-8 doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06396-8 id: cord-313894-stgx36h5 author: Ürün, Yüksel title: Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on Oncologists’ Decision Making in Cancer date: 2020-08-05 words: 4279.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313894-stgx36h5.txt summary: PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. In addition, the survey tool included questions regarding attitudes of medical oncologists around patient risk factors (age, performance status, comorbidities), administration of types of antineoplastic therapy (cytotoxic therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and use of therapy in differing settings (neoadjuvant, adjuvant v metastatic). Regarding perceptions about the safety of antineoplastic therapy, hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were considered to be relatively safe, but cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies CONTEXT Key Objective Does COVID-19 influence the decision-making process of oncologists? Likewise, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, but most of the participants stated that they would be more reluctant to recommend second-or third-line therapies in the metastatic setting Relevance During the pandemic, the decision-making process of oncologists is significantly affected. abstract: PURPOSE: To understand readiness measures taken by oncologists to protect patients and health care workers from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and how their clinical decision making was influenced by the pandemic. METHODS: An online survey was conducted between March 24 and April 29, 2020. RESULTS: A total of 343 oncologists from 28 countries participated. The median age was 43 years (range, 29-68 years), and the majority were male (62%). At the time of the survey, nearly all participants self-reported an outbreak in their country (99.7%). Personal protective equipment was available to all participants, of which surgical mask was the most common (n = 308; 90%). Telemedicine, in the form of phone or video encounters, was common and implemented by 80% (n = 273). Testing patients with cancer for COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction before systemic treatment was not routinely implemented: 58% reported no routine testing, 39% performed testing in selected patients, and 3% performed systematic testing in all patients. The most significant factors influencing an oncologist’s decision making regarding choice of systemic therapy included patient age and comorbidities (81% and 92%, respectively). Although hormonal treatments and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were considered to be relatively safe, cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune therapies were perceived as being less safe or unsafe by participants. The vast majority of participants stated that during the pandemic they would use less chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and steroids. Although treatment in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and first-line metastatic disease was less affected, most of the participants stated that they would be more hesitant to recommend second- or third-line therapies in metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: Decision making by oncologists has been significantly influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755479/ doi: 10.1200/go.20.00300 id: cord-315247-86ibo5gn author: Ćosić, Krešimir title: Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers date: 2020-06-17 words: 4734.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315247-86ibo5gn.txt summary: The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs'' stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs'' reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its immediate aftermath present a serious threat to the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), who may develop elevated rates of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or even suicidal behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of prevention of HCWs’ mental health disorders by early prediction of individuals at a higher risk of later chronic mental health disorders due to high distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs’ stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs’ reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases. The proposed methodology aims to expand traditionally used subjective self-report predictors of mental health disorders with more objective metrics, which is aligned with the recent literature related to predictive modeling based on artificial intelligence. This approach is generally applicable to all those exposed to high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and might assist mental health practitioners to make diagnoses more quickly and accurately. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643346/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.279 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel